bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconceptualizing and Managing Reputation Risk in the Knowledge Economy: Toward Reputable Action
Authors: Scott Susan V. , Walsham Geoff
Published: July 2005

Globalizing knowledge economies foster conditions that intensify the role and value of organizational reputation risk. In an enterprise-focused era, reputation is a key strategic construct that can act as a boundary object linking communities within and between organizations. Yet approaches to its management tend to be reactive and remain under the hold of industrial society principles. Definitions of reputation risk in the existing literature and the business community have a tendency to be static and asset oriented. We suggest that this contrasts sharply with insights on the social construction of knowledge that inform recent risk studies. Drawing on this critique, we argue that the ambivalence engendered by on-going processes of definition (responsibilities, boundaries, fact construction) characterizing the knowledge society demands a reconceptualization of reputation risk. We propose a reconceptualization of reputation risk that not only incorporates a more sophisticated view of reputation, but also acknowledges the role that risk and trust relations can play in its constitution. In addition to contributing to the theoretical development of reputation risk in the organization studies literature, we develop the notion of reputable action as a guiding principle for realizing active trust development in the practical management of reputation risk.
Pay Disparities Within Top Management Groups: Evidence of Harmful Effects on Performance of High-Technology Firms
Authors: Siegel Phyllis A. , Hambrick Donald C.
Published: July 2005

This study examines the interactive effect of technological intensiveness and top management group (TMG) pay disparity on firm performance. Drawing on two literatures—task interdependence and group rewards—we argue that: (a) technological intensiveness imposes a considerable requirement for multiway information processing and collaboration among senior executives of a firm, and (b) collaboration is diminished when large pay disparities exist. Hence, TMG pay disparity should be more detrimental to subsequent performance of high-technology firms than low-technology firms. We construct seven different measures of executive pay disparity based on three major types of pay disparity (vertical, horizontal, and overall) and use a proprietary data set to test our hypotheses. The results provide consistent support for our hypotheses, thereby suggesting important implications for scholars and designers of executive compensation.
Interpreting Right-Wing or Reactionary Neo-Populism: A Critique
Authors: Formisano Ron
Published: July 2005

During the 1980s and 1990s in countries across the globe, new populist protest movements and radical political organizations emerged to challenge traditional parties, ruling elites, and professional politicians, and even long-standing social norms. The revolts against politics-as-usual have arisen from many kinds of social groupings and from diverse points on the political spectrum. Through the 1980s, in Western and Eastern Europe, Latin America, Africa, Asia, and North America, populist discontent erupted intermittently. But the end of the Cold War, particularly in Europe, unleashed a torrent of popular movements and political parties opposed to what the discontented perceived as the corruption and deceitfulness of thepolitical classesand their corporate patrons. Some protest movements promoted more democracy, pluralism, and economic opportunity; some expressed intolerance, bigotry, and xenophobic nationalism.
How Did Public Housing Survive the 1950s?
Authors: Hunt D. Bradford
Published: July 2005

Within two years of the triumphal, if belated, passage of the 1949 Housing Act, America's public housing program was on the defensive, reeling from an onslaught of local opposition. Progressives had hoped to build 135,000 units of public housing a year, but were soon met with a furious backlash. Afraid of government competition, the National Association of Home Builders and the U.S. Savings and Loan League mobilized local opposition by sending out “kits” to their members with prepackaged ads for local newspapers reading “Canyouafford to pay somebody else's rent?” The result was an avalanche of local referenda, and voters across the country blocked new construction. In California, Proposition 10 made all new projects contingent on local referenda, and Los Angeles voters threw out their mayor over his support for public housing. In other cities, such as Chicago, Detroit, and Philadelphia, race played a major role in thwarting local housing authority plans. Despite a massive postwar housing shortage and a well-argued set of progressive ideals, public housing supporters struggled to keep their program alive in the early 1950s. The election of 1952—with Republicans capturing the presidency, the House, and the Senate for the first time since 1930—meant the prospects for the survival of public housing looked bleak at best.
With All Deliberate Delay: Kennedy, Johnson, and School Desegregation
Authors: Kotlowski Dean
Published: July 2005

The desegregation of southern schools, mandated by the United States Supreme Court inBrown v. Board of Education(1954), presented a dilemma for national politicians of both parties. “If presidents felt they should speak up, or act to enforce court rulings,” a correspondent for theLos Angeles Timeswrote in 1969, “they risked offending conservatives, segregationists, and the South. If they wanted to sit tight, they invited the wrath of liberals.” Even presidents who were capable of acting in other areas of civil rights were content to assume a low profile on school desegregation, assign responsibility for this area of policymaking to subordinates, and enforce it only under external pressure, usually from the federal courts.
Myths, Wagers, and Some Moral Implications of World History
Authors: Bentley Jerry H.
Published: July 2005

Because of its claims to general knowledge, and perhaps even more because of its increasing prominence in the educational curriculum, world history has recently become a principal focus of constituencies seeking to mobilize the past in support of particular political or ideological agendas. In extreme cases these constituencies have made world history little more than a vehicle of propaganda for their ideological preferences. This article recognizes that historical scholarship always reflects some set of political or ideological influences and thus takes the form of situated knowledge rather than a final or definitive assessment of the past. Yet it holds that it is possible for historians to engage the past and present in meaningful dialogue without subjecting the past to rigid ideological constraints. The article discusses and criticizes several visions of the global past that have recently emerged from the conservative and patriotic right as well as the Marxist and postcolonial left. It argues that a more analytical and ecumenical world history would yield deeper understanding of the world and its development through time, and would also serve larger social needs better than ideologically charged visions of the global past.
Universal History: Sizing Up Humanity in Big History
Authors: Frank Andre Gunder
Published: July 2005

This essay presents a review article of David Christian's Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History. Christian's book seeks to discover order since the Big Bang, the formation of the solar system and this planet Earth, the formation of life and its evolution through natural selection to humankind, and human social organization in family and tribe over one hundred thousand years ago, to the Neolithic revolution in agriculture over ten thousand years ago, to the formation of states about five thousand years ago, to the presentÑand onward to the future. This review essay also evaluates Christian's argument, mostly positively, in comparing and contrasting it to those of the few other fellow travelers through Big History.
The Ethics of World History
Authors: Hedrick Charles W.
Published: July 2005

World historians have developed an impressive body of criticism regarding the traditional Western civilization curriculum. They have disregarded the ethical pretensions of Western civilization, however, as well as the question of the ethics of world history itself. The relationship between ethics, politics, and education has been the subject of strenuous discussion and posturing in the United States since the rise of the "neoconservative" movement in the 1980s. Neoconservative commentators have praised the ethical virtues of Western civilization and condemned world history as relativist and amoral. This development warrants the serious attention of world historians. This article argues that the question of the ethics of world history is a serious and interesting intellectual problem with large implications for the field.
Africans and Asians: Historiography and the Long View of Global Interaction
Authors: Keita Maghan
Published: July 2005

The view of globalization as the purview of a modern and Western hegemony is under challenge. Even among the most progressive of world historians, however, is to be found the oversight that precludes global agency by and interaction among certain peoples. Nowhere is this more obvious than in the treatments of Africa with the world and Africa within the world. In a move to decenter the dynamics of the dominant discourses, a consideration of agency and interaction among and between Africans and Asians is warranted. Here an interrogation of various primary sources and secondary works suggests new paths of inquiry that dispel Western and modern notions concerning the construction of the world and the roles of African and Asian interaction in that construction over the longue dur�e.
Intellectualization in Merimeeis "La venus diille"
Authors: Fortin Jutta E
Published: July 2005

In M�rim�e's "La V�nus d'Ille" (1837), the archaeologist-narrator enthusi-astically discusses a supposedly evil statue of Venus. The scholar's excessive interest in the sculpture, combined with his insistence on his disinterest in women, indicates that he is not asexual but that he shies away from the sensual and takes refuge in the intellectual. Psychoanalysis refers to the defensive replacement of an instinctual problem with an intellectual one as intel-lectualization. But the fantastic subverts this process: as the fantastic translates the narrator's intellectualization into reality, it provokes the very anxiety which the mechanism of intellectualization was originally designed to resolve. (jef)
Grotesque Desires in Hugois LiHomme qui rit
Authors: Grossman Kathryn M
Published: July 2005

Victor Hugo's L'Homme qui rit (1869) presents a powerful, nightmarish vision of human longing and corruption. Recurrent imagery of aspiration and asphyxiation ties the romantic subplot, which focuses on the protagonist's divided affections, to a much wider vortex of desires. At the same time, the use of similar topoi to figure polar opposites calls into question the antithetical relationships themselves. This essay looks at the ways in which desire operates in Hugo's text, inscribing the struggle between good and evil within more global social issues. Whereas the representation of women might appear to adhere to the virgin-whore dichotomy, and so to reflect an anti-feminist stance, this dichotomy is deconstructed by Hugo's use of metaphorical lattices and multilevel symmetries to figure his own unspeakable (republican) yearning. (kmg)
From Gobseckis Chamber to Dervilleis Chambers: Retention in Balzacis Gobseck
Authors: Knight Diana
Published: July 2005

This article approaches the text of Balzac's Gobseck through Barthes's general reflections, in Comment vivre ensemble, on the private room as a symbolic space of seclusion. Barthes's comments on the value of excrement in Gide's La Séquestrée de Poitiers are used to set up a Freudian reading of the anal sadism of Gobseck the usurer, as revealed in his speech, behaviour, and body language. The contrasting rooms of Fanny and Anastasie are subsumed into the closing juxtaposition of Gobseck's clean, bare, cell-like death chamber with the squalid accumulation of putrid matter in the next-door room, formerly that of the lawyer Derville. Cleanliness and moral fastidiousness are analyzed as reaction-formations masking an active anal eroticism in both men and underpinning their superficially unlikely friendship. Gobseck's chamber emerges as the symbolic center of an anal economy in which Derville is shown to play a key role, both as narrator and protagonist. (dk)
Concocting La Dame aux camelias : Blood, Tears, and Other Fluids
Authors: Lintz Bernadette C
Published: July 2005

This essay examines the ingredients used by Dumas fils to concoct his popular novel La Dame aux camélias\. Setting out to write a best-seller, Dumas employs a complex textual strategy whose various strands are tied together by a medical narrative centered on notions of disease, contagion, and bodily fluids of various kinds. Fluids permeate Dumas's novel and fuel the narrative logic of a text whose success – its capacity to generate mass consumption – is predicated on the notion of influence. Tracing these notions in the novel one finds a gendered medical discourse that constructs "fallen women" as diseased and contagious. Sexually transgressive female pathologies and their bloody symptoms become the ingredients needed to concoct this story of female sacrifice and to turn it into a cautionary tale meant to discourage diseased desire and to safeguard patriarchy. Dumas fils refashions the literary trope of passion fatale as poison and disease, injecting it with new blood, the blood of the contaminated and contagious courtesan. (BCL)
Unswathing the Mummy: Body, Knowledge, and Writing in Gautieris Le Roman de la momie
Authors: Lyu Claire
Published: July 2005

Through a reading of Théophile Gautier's Le Roman de la momie, my paper explores nineteenth-century France's fascination with unwrapping mummies, performed as public spectacles at universal exhibitions, against the backdrop of previous centuries' practice of public dissections. Gautier's tale stages various types of openings (of the landscape, tomb, sarcophagus, mummy, and papyrus roll), in which a complex interplay of different models of openings, or "coupe," is at work: of the Parnassian poetics, the sculptural ideal, and of the scientific/medical dissection. The cross-examination between scientific and literary/artistic openings of the body reveals two competing structures of knowledge: one that cuts right through the surface and reaches depth in a straight line according to the mathematical principle of shortest path between two points, and one that moves along the surface in a horizontal path of circular tour, detour, and contour. (CL)
Managing Imitation: Translation and Baudelaireis Art Criticism
Authors: Pappas Sara
Published: July 2005

This article examines in the role of the concept of translation in Baudelaire's art criticism. By focusing on those aspects of Baudelaire's Salon writings that privilege originality and imagination in the arts, the role of imitation in his aesthetic theory has been largely overlooked or necessarily dismissed. I argue that Baudelaire uses the notion of translation in his art critical writings as part of a more general strategy to rid the art he admired of any traces of imitation. At the same time, translation allows Baudelaire covertly to accept the very practice of imitation in the arts that he condemns. (sp)
Relative Color: Baudelaire, Chevreul, and the Reconsideration of Critical Methodology
Authors: Phillips Jennifer
Published: July 2005

This article addresses the connection between Charles Baudelaire's evocation of color in the Salon de 1846 and the chemist Michel-Eugène Chevreul's theory of color modification set forth in De la loi du contraste simultané (1839). Chevreul's work is read as the theoretical context for the scientific dimension of Baudelaire's conception of color, an aspect of his color theory that is central to his thinking about the nature and structure of harmony and analogy. But the parallel between Chevreul and Baudelaire extends beyond their representations of color. They are further connected by the way in which they use color as an impetus to rethink the critical perspective of the scientist or art critic. (JP)
Reading and Otherness: The Interpretative Triangle in Baudelaireis Petits poemes en prose
Authors: Rabbitt Kara M
Published: July 2005

"Les Yeux des pauvres" and "Les F�netres," among other of Baudelaire's prose poems, dramatize a speaking subject's interpretive acts in a way that mimics the reading process itself. Mirroring the ways in which we read ourselves in others, these poems also make evident a triangulation of interpretation that problematizes any straightforward identification of self and other. This article explores the critical triangle that develops within the poems among the interpreting subject, the third-person object of interpretation, and the second-person interlocutor who challenges the subject's perceptions. It argues that the radical other of this formation is the second person and studies the implications of the dynamic intersubjective tension between speaker and interlocutor for our own critical processes. (kmr)
Becoming Political: Symbolist Literature and the Third Republic
Authors: Shryock Richard
Published: July 2005

Beginning in the early 1880s, the Third Republic pursued a cultural politics that increasingly placed the Symbolist esthetic in an oppositional position to norms promulgated by the government. The interest of Symbolists in the revolutionary politics of Boulangism in the late 1880s and in anarchism in the 1890s is a manifestation of Symbolism's oppositional place relative to Third Republic norms. The political dimension of Symbolism arose not because of its relationship to anarchism in the 1890s, but as a result of changes in the Third Republic. (rs)
The Ecole Saint-Simonienne is Outrage to Public Morals
Authors: Smart Annie
Published: July 2005

On August 27 and 28, 1832, the Saint-Simonians were tried for outrage to public morals. I analyze the August trial and caricatures of the Ecole in the light of Carole Pateman's notion of the sexual contract, to argue that the Saint-Simonians' "outrage" lay in their challenge to the founding fiction of social order: the social contract. By proclaiming that the social individual is man and woman, and by positing that the social pact is predicated on a sexual contract, the Saint-Simonians questioned not only the structure of the public sphere during the Bourgeois Monarchy, but also its underlying ideology. (as)
The Flying Machine in the Garden: Parks and Airports, 1918-1938
Authors: Bednarek Janet R. Daly (Janet Rose Daly)
Published: July 2005

The story of the connection between airports and parks during the 1920s and 1930s weaves together a number of threads in the history of land use and the history of technology. Over time the definition of "park" transformed from idealized rural landscape to a location for multiple forms of recreation. At its introduction, while some emphasized more practical uses for the new machine, others saw the airplane as a source of mass entertainment. With the new definition of parks and the entertainment use of the airplane in mind, many proposed that park land could be used for aviation purposes. Though a certain degree of expediency also was involved, arguments based on the compatibility of parks and airports shaped the initial establishment of airports in a number of American cities, including Omaha, Nebraska, and Minneapolis, Minnesota. Events in those cities represented the extreme on a continuum of action present during the 1920s and 1930s, with Omaha representing a short-term link and Minneapolis a more long-term and successful relationship.
Antibiotics, Big Business, and Consumers: The Context of Government Investigations into the Postwar American Drug Industry
Authors: Bud Robert
Published: July 2005

This paper explores a regulatory campaign to promote access to antibiotics in the United States during the 1950s, and explains it as a reaction to prewar deprivation. It tracks a decade-long attempt to prevent the drug industry from replicating a perceived pattern of big business behavior blamed for underconsumption. The Depression-era Temporary National Economic Committee (TNEC) had explained low consumption by artificially high prices associated with excess profits, excessive marketing and restrictive patents of large companies. In the post-War years a group of TNEC veterans (including Walton Hamilton, Irene Till and John Blair) campaigned to protect the drug market from these vices: through a FTC enquiry which led to a judicial investigation, and through the Kefauver hearings in Congress. This campaign culminated in the in radical increase of FDA powers in 1962, albeit triggered by the thalidomide scare. Ironically the problems of under-consumption were given institutional teeth just at the time that the novel problem of the over-consumption of antibiotics was becoming serious.
The Lit Archipelago: Coast Lighting and the Imperial Optic in Insular Southeast Asia, 1860-1910
Authors: Tagliacozzo Eric
Published: July 2005

This article looks at patterns of movement, technology, and colonialism through the lens of the lighthouse. Specifically, it seeks to gauge what the contribution of lighthouses, beacons, and buoys were to British and Dutch programs of colonial state-formation in the latter half of the nineteenth century. The first quarter of the piece asks where these structures fit into the larger scheme of maritime technology and expansion in Southeast Asia during this time. The next segment of the essay delves into the geographic and temporal dispersion of these "tools of empire." The third section of the article interrogates the politics of lighting, as internecine cooperation and competition (both between the British and Dutch, and even internally in both camps) helped dictate deployment on the ground. The essay ends with an examination of shifting technologies of lighting, as new developments in lenses, fueling, and construction made certain structures quickly obsolete.
War of the Wires: A Curious Chapter in Street Railway History
Authors: White John H.
Published: July 2005

The street railway industry searched for a reliable and efficient motor to replace the horse for decades. By 1890 electricity was adopted for this purpose by transit operators. The new technology was in fact adopted with enthusiasm and most of the horse cars were gone by 1900. The universal plan included a single overhead wire charged with 600-volt DC current. The ground return was aided by bonded rail joints to complete the circuit. Only one major U.S. city , Cincinnati, chose to use a double-overhead trolley wire system. It had one power and one return wire separated by insulators. There was no substantial technical reason to justify this peculiar way of handling the power collection system. It was adopted because of a legal battle over interference with telephone service because of the ground return and efforts to consolidate the local street railways into a single system. Other factors included a city ban on disrupting street pavements and the opinion of a senior street-railway Titan that the double-wire plan was somehow superior.
The Power of the Llano Estacado: Jerry Rogers, Historian, Museum Director,and Federal CRM Leader
Authors: Spude Robert L. , Rogers Jerry L.
Published: July 2005

This biographical interview with Jerry Rogers begins with his background in Vega, Texas, his early attachment to historical landscapes there, and his education. The bulk of the interview then focuses on his career of over thirty years with the National Park Service (NPS). Major topics include changing policies and organizational structures under the Nixon, Carter, Reagan, and Clinton administrations; the politics and strategies involved in gaining popular and governmental support for NPS programs; steps taken to more efficiently process historical nominations and decentralize decision-making; NPS's struggle to acquire the Manassas battlefield; the development of standards for historic landscapes; and the sobering ecological trends facing the park service and the world in the coming years.
The Public Face of Southern Institutions for the "Feeble-Minded"
Authors: Noll Steven
Published: July 2005

The article examines the history of Southern institutions and how these facilities are presently facing up to that past. Established both to care for and to control a population of individuals labeled as feeble-minded and deviant, these facilities provided little support and help for patients and quickly devolved into over-crowded, under-funded operations. With the de-institutionalization revolution of the late twentieth century, they ceased to be the center of their state's program to handle this population. Currently through websites, museums, archives, and historic building designations, they are beginning to examine their past treatment in a more public fashion.
Disability History: Suggested Readings--An Annotated Bibliography
Authors: Burch Susan
Published: July 2005

Scholars in Disability history and Disability studies have produced a substantive corpus of works in the last two decades. The range of topics represents the diverse nature of this field. This essay is intended as an introductory historiography, and thus presents only a narrow sampling of books. It includes general works in both Disability history and Disability studies, focusing primarily on three topics in Disability history: representation, science/ technology/eugenics, and memoirs.
The Local History Museum, So Near and Yet So Far
Authors: Kudlick Catherine
Published: July 2005

The author, a historian with a vision impairment, and her blind companion decide spontaneously to visit a local history museum. Instead of either a docent or an audio guide, they find staff who appear unaware of present-day means for providing access to people with disabilities in public places. The author shows how access through universal design benefits not only people with disabilities, but everyone.
Cover Picture: Nanotechnological Aspects in Materials for Hydrogen Storage (Adv. Eng. Mater. 6/2005)
Authors: Fichtner M.
Published: July 2005

The cover shows the schematic structure of an aluminum and magnesium containing hydrogen storage material. More about nanotechnological aspects in materials for hydrogen storage can be found in the article by M. Fichtner on page 443.

A nanotechnological app#roach aims at making tailor‐made developments for storage materials by combining different scientific disciplines and focussing on processes on the microscale. The approach has already been successful in achieving major advances in the field of novel solid materials for hydrogen storage. However, further breakthroughs are necessary to reach the goal of storage systems for fuel cell‐driven, mobile applications.
Wasserstoffbrückenmotive in der Fullerenchemie
Authors: Sánchez Luis , Martín Nazario , Guldi Dirk M.
Published: July 2005

Die Kombination von Fullerenen und Wasserstoffbrücken schafft ein neues interdisziplinäres Feld, bei dem schwache intermolekulare Kräfte die Eigenschaften von ein‐, zwei‐ und dreidimensionalen Fullerenarchitekturen modulieren. Dieser Kurzaufsatz stellt supramolekulare Strukturen vor, die auf diese Weise zugänglich sind. Es wird gezeigt, dass die elektronische Kommunikation von Donor‐Acceptor‐Einheiten in wasserstoffverbrückten Verbindungen auf der Basis von C60 wenigstens so ausgeprägt ist wie in kovalent verknüpften Systemen und dass der Einsatz von Wasserstoffbrücken in der Fullerenchemie ein vielseitiges Konzept zur Konstruktion funktionaler Ensembles darstellt.
Quantification of mortality risk after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Hadjianastassiou V G , Tekkis P P , Goldhill D R , Hands L J
Published: July 2005

Background

The study was designed to evaluate the Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II risk scoring system in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgery. The aim was to create an APACHE-based risk stratification model for postoperative death.

Methods

Prospective postoperative APACHE II data were collected from patients undergoing AAA repair over a 9-year interval from 24 intensive care units (ICUs) in the Thames region. A multilevel logistic regression model (APACHE-AAA) for in-hospital mortality was developed to adjust for both case mix and the variation in outcome between ICUs.

Results

A total of 1896 patients were studied. The in-hospital mortality rate among the 1289 patients who had elective AAA repair was 9·6 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 8·0 to 11·2) per cent and that among the 605 patients who had an emergency repair was 46·9 (95 per cent c.i. 43·0 to 50·9) per cent. Four independent predictors of death were identified: age (odds ratio (OR) 1·05 (95 per cent c.i. 1·03 to 1·07) per year increase), Acute Physiology Score (OR 1·14 (95 per cent c.i. 1·12 to 1·17) per unit increase), emergency operation (OR 4·86 (95 per cent c.i. 3·64 to 6·52)) and chronic health dysfunction (OR 1·43 (95 per cent c.i. 1·04 to 1·97)). The APACHE-AAA model was internally valid, as shown by calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow C statistic: χ2 = 6·14, 8 d.f., P = 0·632), discrimination properties (area under receiver–operator characteristic curve 0·845) and subgroup analysis. There was no significant variation in outcome between hospitals.

Conclusion

APACHE-AAA was shown to be an accurate risk-stratification model that could be used to quantify the risk of death after AAA surgery. It might also be used to determine the relative impact of ICU over high-dependency unit care.
Multivariate statistical process control using mixture modelling
Authors: Thissen U. , Swierenga H. , de Weijer A. P. , Wehrens R. , Melssen W. J. , Buydens L. M. C.
Published: July 2005

When performing process monitoring, the classical approach of multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) explicitly assumes the normal operating conditions (NOC) to be distributed normally. If this assumption is not met, usually severe out‐of‐control situations are missed or in‐control situations can falsely be seen as out‐of‐control. Combining mixture modelling with MSPC (MM‐MSPC) leads to an approach in which non‐normally distributed NOC regions can be described accurately. Using the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm, a mixture of Gaussian functions can be defined that, together, describe the data well. Using the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), the optimal set of Gaussians and their specific parametrization can be determined easily. Artificial and industrial data sets have been used to test the performance of the combined MM‐MSPC approach. From these applications it has been shown that MM‐MSPC is very promising: (1) a better description of the process data is given compared with standard MSPC and (2) the clusters found can be used for a more detailed process analysis and interpretation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erratum to Seipel HA, Kalivas JH. Effective rank for multivariate calibration methods. J. Chemometrics 2004; 18: 306–311
Authors: Kalivas John H. , Seipel Heather A.
Published: July 2005

The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in J. Chemometrics 2004; 18: 306–311.
Effect of image interactivity technology on consumer responses toward the online retailer
Authors: Fiore Ann Marie , Kim Jihyun , Lee Hyun-Hwa
Published: July 2005

The present study empirically examined whether image interactivity technology (IIT), which enables the creation and manipulation of product images on a retailer's Web site, affects experiential value and instrumental value.This study also examined whether IIT affects telepresence (i.e., simulated experience with the product in a store) and how IIT, telepresence, and value variables affect consumer responses toward an online retailer. A proposed model was supported using an experimental design with 206 subjects and Analysis of Moment Structures. Significant hypothesized paths were found between level of IIT, telepresence, and value variables. In addition, telepresence, experiential value, and instrumental value produced significant hypothesized paths with consumer response variables (attitude, willingness to purchase, and willingness to patronize). Implications for Web site development and marketing apparel online are provided.
NH···π Interactions Stabilize the Most‐Hindered Rotamer of the(S)‐Tyrosinato Side Group in Bis[(S)‐tyrosinato](diamine)cobalt(III) Complexes: An NMR Spectroscopic and DFT Study
Authors: Miodragović Djenana U. , Vitnik Željko J. , Milosavljević Slobodan M. , Malinar Mijat J. , Juranić Ivan O.
Published: July 2005

Conformational analysis based on an analysis of the vicinal α‐ and β‐proton coupling constants of (S)‐tyrosinato ligandsin diastereomers of a bis[(S)‐tyrosinato](1,3‐diaminopropane)cobalt(III) complex is used to calculate the mol fractions of the three most stable rotamers (t, g, h) of the (S)‐tyrosinato ligand’s side groups in D2O solution. The results of this conformational analysis indicate a population increase in the sterically least favorable rotamer h in diastereomers of C1‐molecular symmetry (complexes 5 and 6). The TOCSY spectrum of complex 6 in aqueous solution shows an exceptionally small chemical shift of one NH2 proton from the coordinated diamine, which is explained by an interligand NH···π interaction. These findings demonstrate the persistence of this weak, noncovalent interaction in water solution. DFT calculations for complex 6, whose diamine ring is in a chair conformation, indicate that the complex with an h conformation in both its (S)‐tyrosinato ligand side‐residues, which yields the most frequent NH···π interactions, represents an energy minimum. The fact that coordinated 1,3‐diaminopropane in the examined complex 6 is in a chair conformation in aqueous solution is proved by the NMR analysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis, Properties and Molecular Structure of [Ru(tpm)(bpy)(CH3CN)](PF6)2 (tpm = tris(1‐pyrazolyl)methane, bpy = 2,2'‐bipyridine) — Another Example of Nitrile Hydrolysis Promoted by Ruthenium(II)
Authors: Katz Néstor E. , Fagalde Florencia , Lis de Katz Noemí D. , Mellace María G. , Romero Isabel , Llobet Antoni , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi
Published: July 2005

The synthesis and isolation of [Ru(tpm)(bpy)(CH3CN)](PF6)2 (tpm = tris(1‐pyrazolyl)methane; bpy = 2,2'‐bipyridine) in good yield is described. This new RuII complex has been spectroscopically (IR, UV/Vis, emission) and electrochemically (cyclic voltammetry) characterized. Its solid‐state structure has been solved by means of X‐ray diffraction analysis and shows a distorted octahedral geometry where, as expected, the tpm ligand occupies three facial coordination sites, the bpy ligand chelates two further sites, and the CH3CN ligand saturates the coordination sphere of the Ru metal center. Electrochemical and spectroscopic results indicate that the CH3CN ligand acts as a moderately strong π‐acceptor. The capacity of the coordinated CH3CN ligand to undergo basic hydrolysis is also described. A second‐order rate constant kobs = 1.3 × 10–3 M–1 s–1 (T = 25 °C) has been obtained by following the UV/Vis absorption changes over time; the activation parameters obtained over the temperature range 17.0–40.0 °C are: ΔH‡ = 74 ± 4 kJ mol–1 and ΔS‡ =–54 ± 12 J mol–1 K–1. These results are compared and discussed with regard to related complexes described in the literature that are also capable of carrying out this reaction. The results presented here make it possible to characterize the electronic and steric factors further and understand how they influence the basic hydrolysis of the coordinated CH3CN ligand. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Design and Application of Self‐Assembled Low Molecular Weight Hydrogels
Authors: de Loos Maaike , Feringa Ben L. , van Esch Jan H.
Published: July 2005

Over the past years, the gelation of aqueous solutions by low molecular weight (LMW) compounds has become an area of increasing interest, owing to developments in the field of LMW organogelators. Until recently, LMW hydrogelators were found only by serendipity, nowadays rational design as well as application of LMW hydrogelators has become feasible. As a consequence, an increasing number of responsive and functional LMW hydrogels are reported, offering great prospects for diverse applications including drug delivery and smart materials. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Flexible Stereo‐ and Regioselective Synthesis of myo‐Inositol Phosphates(Part 1): Via Symmetrical Conduritol B Derivatives
Authors: Podeschwa Michael A. L. , Plettenburg Oliver , Altenbach Hans‐Josef
Published: July 2005

A practical route is described for the preparation of myo‐inositol polyphosphates. Optically pure myo‐inositol derivatives can be prepared from p‐benzoquinone in both forms by enzymatic resolution of a C2‐symmetric diacetoxyconduritol B key intermediate, followed by cis‐dihydroxylation. Selective functionalization of axial and equatorial hydroxy groups allows the synthesis of symmetric inositol phosphates as well as unsymmetrical, enantiomerically pure inositol phosphates. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis of β‐Benzo[b]thienyldehydrophenylalanine Derivatives by One‐Pot Palladium‐Catalyzed Borylation and Suzuki Coupling (BSC) and Metal‐Assisted Intramolecular Cyclization – Studies of Fluorescence and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Abreu Ana S. , Ferreira Paula M. T. , Queiroz Maria‐João R. P. , Ferreira Isabel C. F. R. , Calhelha Ricardo C. , Estevinho Letícia M.
Published: July 2005

Palladium‐catalyzed borylation and Suzuki coupling (BSC) in a one‐pot procedure was successfully applied to the synthesis of several β‐substituted dehydrophenylalanines in the benzo[b]thiophene series, with the stereochemistry of the starting materials being maintained. Bromobenzo[b]thiophenes bearing an ortho EDG (OMe or Me) were used as the components to be borylated with pinacolborane, whilst pure stereoisomers of β‐bromodehydrophenylalanines were used as the other Suzuki coupling components. Treatment of the obtained methyl ester of (Z)‐N‐(tert‐butoxycarbonyl)‐β‐(2,3,5‐trimethylbenzo[b]thien‐6‐yl)dehydrophenylalaninewith Pd(OAc)2 and Cu(OAc)2 in DMF at 160 °C gave two indole derivatives (1:3), the major product resulting from isomerization and cyclization and the minor product resulting from direct cyclization (thienoindole). Carrying out the reaction at 100 °C gave the same products in similar amounts. Use of the methyl ester of (Z)‐N‐(tert‐butoxycarbonyl)‐β‐(2,3,7‐trimethylbenzo[b]thien‐6‐yl)dehydrophenylalanine as starting material gave only one product, resulting from isomerization and cyclization at 100 °C. Two of the cyclized compounds were subjected to fluorescence studies; the thienoindole could be useful as a fluorescent probe. Preliminary studies of antimicrobial activity were performed on the precursors and on the cyclized products.
Cover Picture: Structures, Spectral and Electrochemical Properties of N‐(Naphth‐2‐ylmethyl)‐Appended Porphyrinogens (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 14/2005)
Authors: Hill Jonathan P. , Schmitt Wolfgang , McCarty Amy Lea , Ariga Katsuhiko , D′Souza Francis
Published: July 2005

The cover picture shows the X‐ray crystal structures of the compounds obtained by the alkylation of a conjugated porphyrinogen precursor at its macrocyclic nitrogen atoms with 2‐(methylenenaphthyl) groups. The presence of the N‐alkyl groups introduces intermolecular π−π stacking interactions which culminate in a 1‐dimensional stacked array for the fully N‐substituted derivative. The N‐alkylation enhances the ability of the compounds to form anion radical and cation radical species and permits “tuning” of the electrochemical properties of the core porphyrinogen. Details are discussed in the article by J. P. Hill et al. on p. 2893 ff.
Fire calorimetry relying on the use of the fire propagation apparatus. Part II: burning characteristics of selected chemical substances under fuel rich conditions
Authors: Brohez S. , Marlair G. , Delvosalle C.
Published: July 2005

The paper focuses on the detailed characterization of ventilation controlled fires of industrial products that are likely to govern accidental fire scenarios in fire resistant enclosures. Results regarding under‐ventilated fires of substances that are not polymers are presented to illustrate the capability of the fire propagation apparatus (FPA) to qualify such types of fires. Based on results from heptane fire tests in both well‐ and under‐ventilated fire conditions, a set of recommendations was previously provided in order to check the validity of the experimental results. The application of these recommendations is illustrated for the selected liquid substances containing hetero‐atoms. It emerges that the fire propagation apparatus assesses quite easily the performance of well‐controlled fires in both well‐ and under‐ventilated conditions. Another major outcome of our work is that the potential of the FPA has the capability to address fire issues outside the conventional use of the equipment, in particular to qualify the burning behaviour of chemicals on the full spectrum of ventilation conditions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utility of 1,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐2‐deoxy‐2‐[18F]fluoro‐glucopyranoside for no‐carrier‐added 18F‐glycosylation of amino acids
Authors: Maschauer Simone , Pischetsrieder Monika , Kuwert Torsten , Prante Olaf
Published: July 2005

A radiochemical method for the 18F‐glycosylation of amino acid side chains was developed starting from peracetylated 2‐deoxy‐2‐[18F]fluoroglucopyranoside (TA‐[18F]FDG). O‐(2‐deoxy‐2‐[18F]fluoro‐D‐glucopyranosyl)‐L‐serine and the corresponding threonyl compound were obtained in a radiochemical yield of 25% and 12% (related to [18F]fluoride), respectively, after Zemplén deprotection within a total reaction time of 90 min. The anomeric configuration of the corresponding 19F‐substituted compounds revealed preferential α‐stereoselectivity. The 18F‐glycosylation method using TA‐[18F]FDG is compatible with the short half‐life of fluorine‐18 and combines glycosylation and 18F‐labelling of a target compound within a single reaction step. TA‐[18F]FDG is a promising 18F‐labelled prosthetic group and could be adapted to 18F‐labelling of bioactive peptides to study their pharmacokinetics using positron emission tomography (PET). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) of malachite green isothiocyanate at Au(111): bleaching behavior under the influence of high electromagnetic fields
Authors: Pettinger Bruno , Ren Bin , Picardi Gennaro , Schuster Rolf , Ertl Gerhard
Published: July 2005

Tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) was investigated with malachite green isothiocyanate adsorbed at an Au(111) surface. TERS is based on the excitation of localized surface plasmons in the tip apex, producing strongly enhanced electromagnetic fields. The key conditions for giant TERS are side‐illumination of the tip, well‐prepared single‐crystalline surfaces and sharp, smooth gold tips. A TERS enhancement of about 6 × 106 has been observed for dye molecules adsorbed at the Au(111) substrate in a region of about 50 nm diameter beneath the tip. This corresponds to a 2500‐fold increase in the light intensity at the Au(111)/air interface, which in addition causes fast but local bleaching of the dye. This bleaching behavior was analyzed in detail, giving direct insight into the strength and size of the enhanced field. In addition, the bleaching constant was higher for MGITC in an unperturbed environment than for MGITC in an environment that had been substantially bleached. The MGITC spectra were also different for these two cases. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monolayers of sulfur‐containing molecules at metal surfaces as studied using SERS: 3, 3′‐thiodipropionic acid and 3‐mercaptopropionic acid adsorbed on silver and copper
Authors: Kudelski Andrzej , Michota Agnieszka , Bukowska Jolanta
Published: July 2005

The modification of metal surfaces with self‐assembled thiol monolayers is the subject of intensive studies owing to both its fundamental interest in surface chemistry and its potential technological significance. In this work, the applicability of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to determine the conformation and pKa values of ω‐terminated thiol molecules was investigated. 3, 3′‐Thiodipropionic acid (TDPA) and 3‐mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) monolayers were spontaneously formed on silver and copper surfaces by adsorption from TDPA and MPA solutions, respectively. The structure of the monolayers formed was determined from SERS measurements. The SERS investigations showed that molecules forming TDPA monolayers prefer to adopt a gauche conformation of the—S—C—C chains, whereas in MPA monolayers formed from 1 mM MPA aqueous solution a significant part of the adsorbed molecules adopts a trans conformation. Formation on the metal surface of an MPA monolayer with high surface coverage of MPA makes dissociation of the carboxylic groups of MPA significantly more difficult. Analogous changes in the strength of similar adsorbed compounds have been reported by other groups. In contrast to those results, we found that the formation of monolayers from TDPA increases its acidic strength even at high surface coverage when monolayers are formed from relatively concentrated TDPA solutions. Probably the interaction of carboxylic groups with the metal surface is easier for TDPA than for MPA for geometric reasons. We consider that ionization of carboxylic groups increases the strength of this interaction. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Entropic depletion effect on supermolecular assembly: control of geometry of adsorbed molecules in coatings
Authors: Li Liang , Zhou Dongshan , Xue Gi
Published: July 2005

We describe an experimental investigation of the control of optimal geometric arrangements for adsorbed thin films by entropic depletion interactions between an adsorbent and the metal wall. Adsorbed ultra‐thin layers on metals were investigated by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. Bipyridine and two engineering polymers were found to form ordered structures which covered metal surfaces on adding low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) to their solutions in ethanol. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elastic scattering and emission correlated with single‐molecule SERS
Authors: Maruyama Yoshihiro , Futamata Masayuki
Published: July 2005

With respect to the origin of single‐molecule sensitivity in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), elastic scattering and emission spectra were studied for Ag particles adsorbed with dye or adenine molecules. The scattering peak observed at 600–650 nm was extinguished during the inactivation process of the enormous SERS signal, whereas localized surface plasmon (LSP) peaks located at 520 and 730 nm did not change significantly. It was found using a numerical simulation that the additional scattering peak arises from increased electromagnetic coupling between the LSP of adjacent Ag particles through dye molecules located at their junction. In addition, two distinct emission peaks were observed at 550–600 and 600–750 nm only for hot Ag particles with adsorbates. Based on the observations for different surface coverages and on different dye species, these bands were attributed to enhanced radiative decay of LSP and fluorescence of molecules, respectively. Interestingly, adenine molecules on the Ag nanoparticles show similar fluorescence peaks at 600–650 nm, suggesting a charge‐transfer state upon adsorption. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.