bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Petrographic Comparison of Pliocene and Pleistocene Volcanic Ash from Western Kansas
Authors: Swineford Ada , Frye John C.
Published: January 2025

Lenticular, discontinuous deposits of volcanic ash occur in western Kansas in at least two stratigraphic positions within the Pliocene Ogallala formation and in one or more within the Pleistocene strata. To explore the feasibility of stratigraphic correlation by petrographic differences in the volcanic ash, we have studied 30 samples from 7 Pliocene localities and 34 samples from 1.7 Pleistocene localities. A color comparison showed a consistent difference. Chemical analyses showed a lower percentage of iron in the Pleistocene ash. The specific gravity of the Pleistocene ash is lower than that of the Pliocene ash. A refractive index of about 1.501 was common to the ash from all but two localities studied. Diagnostic characteristics of individual shards from the Pleistocene samples are numerous elongated vesicles, smaller radius of curvature, and greater abundance of rodlike fragments. Minor differences within the group suggest the occurrence of three ash falls within the Pliocene. All but two samples of Pleistocene ash are believed to represent a single fall.
Silicified Rock in the Ogallala Formation
Authors: Frye John C. , Swineford Ada
Published: January 2025

Silicified zones and lentils in the Ogallala formation of Pliocene age provide the most abundant rocks of hard and durable character in the central Great Plains, and are known to occur over a region extending from South Dakota to west-central Texas. The two major rock types are so-called quartzite (sandstone and conglomerate with opaline cement) and chert, which consists of opal, chalcedony, various quantities of calcium carbonate, and scattered sand grains. Silicified rock occurs at many stratigraphic positions within the formation, but the type here referred to as quartzite is restricted to the lower part, below the horizon of prominent volcanic ash deposits. The cementing material of the quartzite is believed to have been derived from the hydration and leaching of volcanic ash during Ogallala time; the source of the silica in the chert is thought to have been largely Pleistocene volcanic ash. Deposition of the opaline silica seems to have occurred by the replacement of calcium carbonate.
Field examination, petrographic studies, chemical analyses, and physical tests indicate that the silicified Ogallala rock has a wide range of possible commercial uses. Several million tons of quartzite are available in northwestern Kansas, the greatest abundance being found in southern Phillips County. Sizable quantities of Ogallala chert are known to occur at many localities in Kansas.
Ground-Water Conditions in Elm Creek Valley, Barber County, Kansas
Authors: Williams Charles C. , Bayne Charles K.
Published: January 2025

This report describes the geology and ground-water conditions in a part of Elm Creek Valley, Barber County, Kansas. Elm Creek is a small intermittent stream tributary to Medicine Lodge River. The area described includes about 23 square miles bordering the creek in the vicinity of Medicine Lodge. A small oil field is located along the east side of the valley about three miles northeast of Medicine Lodge. This report is concerned with the groundwater conditions in the lower part of the valley and the extent to which oilfield brine affects the quality of the ground water.
The Cedar Hills sandstone of Permian age comprises the bedrock beneath the alluvium in this area, and is composed of about 180 feet of red, silty, fine-grained sandstone interbedded with softer red shale and siltstone. The terrace deposits are of alluvial origin and probably are equivalent to the Gerlane formation. The alluvium consists of unconsolidated stream-deposited materials ranging in thickness from a featheredge along the valley sides to 68 feet at the deepest test hole,
The analyses of 51 samples of water collected from test holes and wells show that the quality of the water in the alluvium varies according to location in the valley. In general the water is of better quality near the creek and more highly mineralized near the edges of the valley where water from the Cedar Hills sandstone enters the alluvium. The ground water is more highly mineralized near the base of the alluvium than near the surface. Along parts of the east side of the valley the ground water is affected by intrusion of oil field brine. The possibility of further salt-water encroachment under pumping conditions is noted. It is suggested that pumping tests be conducted prior to the development of ground-water supplies In Elm Creek Valley. The chemical character of the ground water is discussed in detail.
Logs of 36 test holes in the area are given, including 25 test holes drilled by the State Geological Survey. Chemical analyses of water samples collected are included in the report.
The Late Pleistocene Loesses of Central Kansas
Authors: Frye John C. , Fent O.S
Published: January 2025

The texture and composition of widespread loess deposits in central and northern Kansas are described. The discovery of buried soils in uplands of these areas provides basis for correlating loesses of the central part of the State with those in northern Kansas and in Nebraska. The loess deposits are classed as belonging to the Sanborn formation, originally defined in northwesternmost Kansas, inasmuch as they correspond to the type section of the Sanborn in lithologic character and stratigraphic span. Subdivisions of the Sanborn formation are correlated with units in Nebraska and Iowa and are here designated the Loveland silt member (Loveland soil at the top), the Peoria silt member (Brady soil at the top), and the Bignell silt member (surface soil at the top). Names are not proposed for the channel facies of the silt members.
Origin of Kansas Great Plains Depressions
Authors: Frye John C.
Published: January 2025

Undrained depressions of various sizes and shapes are a characteristic minor element of Kansas Great Plains topography. A review of depressions in all parts of western Kansas indicates that several processes of origin are required to explain the many diversified features. They are classed in two general groups: (1) solution-subsidence depressions where the soluble rock may be salt, gypsum, chalk, or limestone, and (2) nonsolutional features produced by variously differential eolian deposition or erosion, compaction, silt infiltration, and animal action.
Subsurface Reconnaissance of Glacial Deposits in Northeastern Kansas
Authors: Frye John C.
Published: January 2025

In northeastern Kansas, deposits made directly or indirectly by continental glaciation and the alluvial fills of valleys are the most important sources of ground-water supply. During 1948 and 1949 a subsurface reconnaissance of these deposits was made. The results of the work, including the records of 64 test holes, are described in this report and presented on cross sections. The stratigraphic sequence is described.
Coal Resources of the Cretaceous System (Dakota Formation) in Central Kansas
Authors: Schoewe Walter H.
Published: January 2025

The Cretaceous lignite-bearing strata (in the Dakota formation) crop out in the north-central part of the State, chiefly in Clay, Cloud, Ellsworth, Hodgeman, Lincoln, Ottawa, Republic, Rice, Saline, and Washington counties. Between 1875 and 12-40 more than 300,000 tons of lignite valued at approximately $1,000,000 were mined in Clay, Cloud, Ellsworth, Jewell, Lincoln, Mitchell, Republic, and Russell counties. The lignite where mined ranged from 12 to 36 inches in thickness and occurred within the uppermost 25 feet of the Janssen clay, upper member of the Dakota formation. It is estimated that there are approximately 55,000,000 tons of lignite from 12 to 36 inches thick remaining in the ground and 198,000,000 tons if all types of reserves--marginal, measured, and alleged--are considered.
This report includes a description of the geographic distribution, stratigraphic position, thickness, contact rocks, and physical and chemical characters of the Dakota formation coals. It also contains information on the history of Cretaceous coal mining, mining methods, production, and coal reserve data. The report consists of two parts. The first part deals with the lignite in general, whereas the second discusses in detail the occurrence, mining, mining districts, production, and reserves in each of the 10 counties in which the lignite has been mined as well as its occurrence in several other counties.
The demonstrated value of lignite as a possible future source of synthetic gasoline and other liquid fuels places the Kansas lignite deposits as a potential coal reserve.
Geology and Ground-Water Resources of the North Fork Solomon River in Mitchell, Osborne, Smith and Phillips Counties, Kansas
Authors: Leonard Alvin R.
Published: January 2025

This report describes the geography, geology, and ground-water resources of the valley of the North Fork of Solomon River in north-central Kansas from the west side of Phillips County to the confluence of the north and south forks in northwestern Mitchell County. The area is from 2 to 3 miles wide, is 84 miles long, and extends across Phillips, Smith, Osborne, and Mitchell Counties. The area has a subhumid climate, average normal precipitation being about 22.5 inches and the mean annual temperature about 54° F. Farming and livestock raising are the principal occupations; wheat and corn are the major crops. A few farms are irrigated with surface water in dry years. Oil and construction materials are produced in the area.
The exposed rocks range in age from Cretaceous to Recent. A map showing the surface geology and cross sections illustrating the relation of the various formations are included in this report. The Pleistocene alluvial deposits, which range in age from Kansas to Recent, are the important aquifers in the area. The shape and slope of the water table are illustrated by a map that shows contours of the water table and depth to the water table in wells. This map shows that ground water moves downstream and toward the river.
Ground-water recharge in the area is largely from local precipitation; groundwater discharge is mainly by seepage into streams and transpiration by plants. All municipal and industrial water supplies and most of the domestic and stock supplies are obtained from wells. In the eastern part of the area some surface water has been used for irrigation.
The principal mineral constituents of the ground water are discussed with relation to its occurrence and use. The water is hard and mineralized and samples from different formations are similar in their content of dissolved solids. Nitrate in excess of 45 parts per million, identified with surface seepage, is found in both the terrace deposits and the Crete member of the Sanborn formation. Base flow in the North Fork Solomon River is nearly free from nitrate and shows a slightly lower mineralization than is found in the ground water. A rating based on the present chemical quality of the ground water is included for use in planning for irrigation in this area. All ground water in the area rated "good to permissible" or better for irrigation purposes.
The hydrologic and geologic field data upon which this report is based include records of 244 wells, chemical analyses of water from 22 wells and 8 municipal supplies, and logs of 122 wells and test holes including 57 test holes drilled as a part of this investigation and 19 drilled along the site of the proposed Kirwin dam by the Bureau of Reclamation and Corps of Engineers.
Pleistocene Geology of Kansas
Authors: Frye John C. , Leonard Bryon A.
Published: January 2025

Deposits of Pleistocene age underlie much of the surface of Kansas. They contain more than 60 percent of the State's ground-water supplies, most of our sand and gravel and volcanic ash, and important deposits of ceramic materials. This report presents data on the general geology of Kansas Pleistocene deposits and is intended to serve as background for work by the Geological Survey and others on the utilization of these many materials and as an aid to soil scientists in their study and mapping of surface soils in Kansas.
A brief summary of the geologic processes that have produced the Pleistocene deposits is followed by a review of principles governing the classification and correlation of sedimentary strata. Stratigraphically, Kansas is the transition region joining three provinces: (1) the area of continental glaciation to the northeast, (2) the area of fluviatile and eolian deposits to the west and southwest, and (3) the Ozark province to the southeast. Kansas possesses representative deposits of each Pleistocene Stage with glacial deposits of Nebraskan and Kansan Ages. The Kansan Stage is appropriately the most extensive in Kansas, and the Wisconsinan Stage is characterized by extensive loess deposits. All Pleistocene stages in Kansas contain abundant faunas of fossil mollusks and more than 100 species are listed from more than 200 localities.
A review of the drainage history of Kansas describes the progressive evolution of the present stream pattern from a general southern drainage that existed in the central and west during early Pleistocene time. The existing landscape of Kansas is a result primarily of geologic processes operating during Pleistocene time.
Compositional Variance in the Plattsmouth Limestone Member (Pennsylvanian) in Kansas
Authors: Gallie Karmie O. , Waught Wanda N.
Published: January 2025

The compositional variance between samples of the Plattsmouth Limestone Member of the Oread Limestone, Shawnee Group (Late Pennsylvanian age) was studied with respect to the distance between sample locations . Nine samples spaced approximately 150 to 200 feet apart were collected from an underground quarry in Atchison County, Kansas, analyzed, and the compositional variance compared with that of 11 outcrop samples collected on a spacing of approximately 6 miles. Results indicate that at the 95-percent confidence level, the variances are equal. It is concluded that chemical data can be used to depict trends within the Plattsmouth Limestone Member when sample locations are spaced as much as 6 miles apart. The study also demonstrates that, because of the variance, a series of samples should be collected from a given area and analyzed before economic development is begun. It is also concluded that the results of this study may then be generally applied to many of the limestones of Pennsylvanian age from the Midcontinent area.
Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Linn County, Kansas
Authors: Seevers William J.
Published: January 2025

Linn County is located along the Kansas-Missouri boundary in east-central Kansas and is a nearly square area of about 605 square miles. The relief in this area is moderate, and the topography is characterized by northeast-trending cuestas that face southeast. The county is located mostly within the Marais des Cygnes River drainage basin and contains a segment of this river in its northeastern part.
Pennsylvanian rocks, Desmoinesian and Missourian Stages, are exposed in the county and have an aggregate thickness of 660 feet. The dominant lithology is shale followed by limestone, sandstone, and minor amounts of coal. Rocks in this part of Kansas are gently tilted to the northwest at about 20 feet per mile.
All but the smallest tributary stream valleys are filled to some depth with locally derived and unconsolidated materials. These materials are mainly clay and silt with several feet of medium to coarse gravel near the base. Thickness of these valley-fill deposits ranges from several feet in smaller stream valleys to 50 feet in the principal valleys.
Approximately 780 feet of Arbuckle Group (Cambrian and Ordovician), 20 feet of Devonian, 320 feet of Mississippian, and 400 feet of Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) rock underlie the oldest outcropping Pennsylvanian rocks in Linn County.
Small domal structures of modest relief and a number of small-scale structures related to compaction and collapse are noted at the surface. Two apparent collapse-related structures in southeastern Linn County are associated with lead and zinc mineralization.
Only very small quantities of ground water are obtained from Pennsylvanian rocks in Linn County. Yields rarely exceed 1 gallon per minute and are normally barely sufficient for domestic purposes. Limestones are the most productive aquifers, and limestones of the lower part of the Kansas City Group are the best of the bedrock aquifers.
Ground water below a depth of about 100 feet in this area is normally too highly mineralized for use. However, in areas in Missouri close to the southeast corner of Linn County, water is obtained from the Cherokee Group at depths of 400 to 600 feet. At still greater depths in this area, large quantities (150 gallons per minute) of highly mineralized water are obtained from Ordovician rocks and moderate quantities (10 gallons per minute) from Mississippian rocks.
Large quantities (30 to 100 gallons per minute) of good quality water are obtained from properly constructed and developed wells in Illinoisan and Wisconsinan valley-fill deposits, mainly from thin gravel deposits near the base.
Gravity and Magnetic Survey of an Abandoned Lead and Zinc Mine in Linn County, Kansas
Authors: Yarger Harold , Jarjur Salah Z.
Published: January 2025

Gravity measurements support the hypothesis that an abandoned lead and zinc mine near Pleasanton, Kansas, is associated with a slump pipe. A negative gravity anomaly closure of ≈ 0.4 mgal is consistent with a brecciated zone extending at least 600 feet through basal Pennsylvanian strata and into those of the Mississippian. A second negative gravity anomaly of the same magnitude occurs several hundred feet north of the first and may correspond to a similar slump structure. This second anomaly remains unexplored to date. Magnetic field measurements show no apparent correlation with slumps in this area.
Unifying and Broadening Views on Disaster Risk and Disaster Risk Management
Authors: Osvaldo Luiz Leal de Moraes
Published: January 2025

In literature, disaster risk is usually depicted as a combination of a hazard, usually from nature, combined with vulnerability and exposure. A famous illustration of this is the fleur-de-lis, which can be found in almost all IPCC assessment reports. While such representations are easy to interpret, they fail when combined with a supposedly mathematical representation. This note shows that the usual representation, whether in the form of a figure or an equation, can be treated rigorously when two probabilities are present: the probability of a natural hazard occurring at a location where an anthropogenic hazard is present. In other words, the disaster risk is simply the product of the natural risk times the anthropogenic risk. Furthermore, the mathematical representation of a disaster risk proposed here is a guide for the implementation of disaster risk management measures.
Aging and Limit Situation. A Study of Existential Dynamics in Psychotherapy with Older Adults
Authors: Schmidt Felix
Published: January 2025

This contribution examines the relevance of the concept “limit situation” in relation to aging and old age in a geriatric psychotherapy setting. The idea is to bring together concepts from phenomenology and the philosophy of age with methods from the field of qualitative social research. Experiences of groundlessness are viewed through the lens of Karl Jaspers’ terminology, leading to conceptualizing a dynamic of stabilizing beliefs yielding in the context of aging and old age. The results promise to contribute to psychotherapy research and explore new ways for employing phenomenological ideas in clinical practice and research.
Immunofluorescence on acute hippocampal slices following electrophysiology v1
Authors: Pauli Quinn , Bonin Robert
Published: January 2025

This protocol describes protein detection using immunofluorescence on hippocampal slices obtained from adult mice following electrophysiology recordings. Here, we detail the fixation, cryopreservation, slicing and staining methods to produce reliable detection of fluorescently labeled proteins. It is intended to enable spatial quantification of proteins (e.g. glutamate receptors) following electrophysiology recordings.
Automated Neurite Outgrowth Measurement of Explants v1
Authors: Geißler Christin , Orsolic Monika , Diensthuber Marc
Published: January 2025

Three-dimensional spiral ganglion explants are cultivated in an in-vitro assay to assess the neurotrophic potential of compounds. The protocol presents both manual and automated methods, including Sholl analysis and Gray Value analysis, based on image evaluation. Explants from postnatal rats can be cultured with varying concentrations of growth factors and visualized using immunohistochemical staining to assess neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth. Manual tracing involves outlining primary neurites and branches to measure neurite number and length. Sholl analysis quantifies neurite outgrowth by counting intersections with concentric circles drawn at regular intervals around the explant. Gray Value analysis measures fluorescence intensity to infer neuronal survival and outgrowth. The explant's outline is expanded incrementally to assess the average brightness in the surrounding ring-shaped areas. This protocol describes how to evaluate Sholl and Gray Value analysis raw data across multiple measurement points at varying distances from the explant. Statistical analysis is conducted using repeated measures ANOVA (rmANOVA).
Rotarod Test v2
Authors: Marciano Sabina
Published: January 2025

Behavioral assay to measure motor impairments, specifically balance and coordination, in mice.
Presence of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Organomineral Fertilizer v1
Authors: Mariano Teixeira Junior Glauco
Published: January 2025

This protocol details the steps for detecting various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including tetA, tetX, tetO, ermB, sul1, blaCTX-M-32, and intI1, using PCR and gel electrophoresis. Starting with DNA extraction from organomineral fertilizer samples, the method describes PCR reaction preparation with specific primers and controls, followed by visualization of results on an agarose gel. Ethidium bromide and SYBR Safe are used for staining, with appropriate safety precautions. This technique allows for the identification of target resistance genes, indicated by the presence of corresponding DNA bands under UV analysis. In addition, the protocol is specifically designed to assess ARGs in organomineral fertilizers (OMF), which are innovative agricultural products that integrate organic matter, such as animal manure or plant waste, with mineral fertilizers. This sustainable approach enhances soil fertility and crop productivity while promoting effective by-product utilization and animal waste management. However, the manure component in OMF can serve as a reservoir for ARGs, raising concerns about the spread of antibiotic resistance in agricultural environments. By identifying specific ARGs in OMF, this protocol offers critical insights into the environmental implications of these fertilizers and supports the development of strategies to mitigate the risks associated with antibiotic resistance.
Status and Prospects for Research on Soviet Union Propaganda and Information Policy with regard to the Crisis in Polish-German Relations and Invasion of Poland During the Period from Mid-October 1938 till December 1939
Authors: Rutkowski Tadeusz Paweł
Published: January 2025

This article is an effort to analyse the status of research on information policies and propaganda of the Soviet Union with regard to the Second Polish Republic from mid-October 1938 till the end of 1939. After the review and evaluation of available subject literature, mainly prints published during the last 40 years, the status of research should be assessed as unsatisfactory. Under current political and security conditions, it is difficult to foresee any additional efforts to explore and evaluate sources that would be necessary and useful to examine issues related to Soviet propaganda actions on Poland. However, this specific problem (which will continue to exist in the foreseeable future), with no possibility to get access to Russian libraries and archives, could be partially addressed by research in Western archives as well as in libraries and archives in some former Soviet republics (Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan). It could be additionally complemented by detailed exploration and evaluation of Polish press and Polish diplomatic documents. Even with such a limited range of activities possible in the East, building the in-depth synthesis of the Soviet propaganda with regard to Poland during the period covered by the project is not only important and expedient measure, but it would be also useful and necessary.
Interconexión entre los clasificadores nominales y los sustantivos de chino
Authors: Maohua Ni
Published: January 2025

Desde la perspectiva de la tipología lingüística, el chino es una de las lenguas con sistema de clasificadores mientras que el español, no. Este es uno de los factores que hacen que a los estudiantes hispanohablantes les resulte difícil el manejo de la colocación de los clasificadores chinos y los sustantivos que estos miden o cuantifican. Lo que más confunde a los estudiantes está en las motivaciones para la mutua selección de clasificadores y sustantivos. En estas motivaciones aparentemente arbitrarias, funcionan mecanismos cognitivos que reflejan la forma de sentir y expresar el mundo real con un sistema lingüístico. Mediante el análisis de los modelos cognitivos de la estructura sintáctica del clasificador, este trabajo estudia las relaciones de interconexión entre clasificadores nominales y sustantivos del chino desde la perspectiva de la lingüística cognitiva, con el fin de ayudar a los estudiantes hispanohablantes a comprender y manejar los usos de los clasificadores nominales.
Aproximación a las fórmulas de tratamiento en chino desde la teoría pragmática de cortesía: el caso de Sueño en el Pabellón Rojo
Authors: Yuanyi Liu
Published: January 2025

La cortesía es fundamental en la vida cotidiana y los intercambios transculturales. Las diferencias de cortesía entre China y los países hispanohablantes se reflejan en las formas de tratamiento. El desconocimiento de estas diferencias por parte de los traductores puede provocar malentendidos. El presente artículo, basado en la teoría de cortesía, resume las funciones pragmáticas de las fórmulas de tratamiento en chino y, mediante un análisis comparativo de los términos en Sueño en el Pabellón Rojo y sus traducciones, explora sus principales características y funciones pragmáticas, con el objetivo de contribuir a la difusión y traducción de la Rojología en el mundo hispánico.
Тенденции развития отечественной микроэлектроники для средств вычислительной техники
Authors: Брякалов Г.А. , Захаров А.И. , Петров И.С. , Гриднев Н.А.
Published: January 2025

Статья посвящена истории развития отечественной элементной базы для средств вычислительной техники. Элементная база используется в настоящее время в качестве основы при разработке современных ЭВМ и суперкомпьютеров. Более детально освещены вопросы, связанные с выбором архитектур микропроцессоров. Отмечена роль микроэлектроники в развитии науки и техники в нашей стране. Приведена типовая методика расчета производительности микропроцессоров для средств вычислительной техники. Материал статьи распространяется на широкий круг проблем и может быть полезен для специалистов, интересующихся вопросами создания элементной базы для средств вычислительной техники в плане его практического применения.

The article addresses the history of the development of the domestic element base for computer equipment. It is currently used as the basis for the development of modern computers and supercomputers. The article highlights in more detail the issues related to the selection of microprocessor architectures, and notes the role of microelectronics in the development of science and technology in our country. The article gives a typical methodology for calculating the performance of microprocessors for computer applications. The article covers a wide range of problems and can be useful for specialists interested in the creation of an element base for computer equipment in terms of its practical application.
Многоагентные системы как технологическая база реализации концепции нулевого доверия
Authors: Валеев С.С. , Кондратьева Н.В. , Гузаиров М.Б. , Исмагилова А.С.
Published: January 2025

В статье представлена задача применения многоагентных систем при реализации концепции нулевого доверия. Обсуждаются возможные архитектуры многоагентных систем, используемых для решения задач сбора информации о состоянии системы, адаптации схем размещения точек применения политик безопасности. Рассматриваются особенности применения нейронной LSTM-се в системе анализа сетевого трафика на уровне координации многоагентной системы.

The paper considers the problem of applying multi-agent systems in the implementation of the concept of Zero Trust. Possible architectures of multi-agent systems used to solve the problems of collecting information about the state of the system, adapting the rules of the schemes for placing points of application of security policies are discussed. The features of the LSTM neural network application in the network traffic analysis system at the coordination level of a multi-agent system are considered.
Durability, sustainability and cost analysis of the effect of SNF superplasticizers on locally produced concrete in Ghana
Authors: Buertey Joseph Ignatius Teye , Bediako Mark , Appiah-Kubi Emmanuel , Ametefe Timothy
Published: January 2025

Using conventional methods of concrete production to achieve expected results is challenging, hence the use of chemical admixtures which is also little researched in Ghana. The study conducted a concrete mix design for project construction, following significant challenges encountered in attaining the desired strength of 30MPa at a slump of S3 (100-150mm). To address the challenge, a concrete mix design was produced according to EN 206 standard mix design at the laboratory of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI)-Ghana. A chemical admixture consisting of high-range water-lowering sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde (SNF) was used in the design. Once the laboratory mix design was completed, the concrete mix proportions were adopted for field application. When employing 385kg/m3 of Portland cement, a water-to-cement ratio of 0.49, a water content of roughly 189kg/m3, and an admixture content of 3.28kg/m3, the laboratory mix design yielded a 28-day compressive strength of 37 MPa (5366 psi). After 28 days of curing, both the laboratory (37MPa) and field-prepared (31MPa) concretes met the minimum strength of 30MPa with the laboratory-controlled concrete exhibiting compressive strength results that were approximately 16% greater than those of the field-prepared concretes.  The report revealed that the use of SNF resulted in 18% savings in cement thereby reducing carbon emissions and 5% savings in cost, urging a case for the use of chemical admixtures for structural and non-structural concrete components of the project for the sake of durability, sustainability and cost.
De laatste confrontatie tussen Rudolph Thorbecke en Gerrit Jan Mulder: de strijd rond Eduard Mulder
Authors: Van den Berg Rob
Published: January 2025

In 1864 a long-standing political conflict between the liberal leader Rudolph Thorbecke and the royalist, conservative politician and chemistry professor Gerrit Jan Mulder culminated in a battle around the appointment of Mulder’s son Eduard as professor of chemistry in Utrecht. Whereas the political debates between these two giants have stretched out over a much longer period, and have been described earlier, this affair is yet unknown. The explicit personal nature of this sordid affair offers a unique insight into the political mores of the day. Furthermore, it brings to light questions regarding the applicable procedures governing university appointments in general, and more specifically regarding the mandates of the various parties involved: the king, the minister of education and the university.
Computerbouw in Nederland: ondernemende academici en bedachtzame industriëlen
Authors: Alberts Gerard
Published: January 2025

In seemed that in the postwar years initiatives to construct computers were bound to be absorbed by the existing industry. And indeed Electrologica, the firm emerging from the mathematics research institute Mathematical Center, did find its end as Philips-Electrologica. But this was not because either Philips or Electrologica would have wanted this conclusion.In fact, there were not just this one, but a plethora of initiatives to build computers and several industrial enterprises did purchase an automatic calculating machine. But there was no easy fit. Most ideas brought to the fore with sparkling enthousiasm never made it to the stage of production, not even those which had resulted in a prototype computing machine. The exception was the ZEBRA computer, designed by Willem van der Poel of PTT research and finally taken into production by Stantec in Newport (Wales) –finally after frustrating refusal by PTT itself, by Philips and by Zuse KG. Philips also declined to join in a venture by Mathematical Center and Nillmy life insurance cy: Electrologica.Philips Industries did not evade the participation in a Dutch computer industry out ignorance. Both at the level of research and at the level of business policy and strategy, Philips new what was going on. No single entity in Dutch society was better informed that the board of Philips Industries. And it acted rationally according to all this knowledge. It played on a global level and would have its agreements with partners on the same level. In this case IBM was the partner and the agreement was that IBM purchase its components from Philips in exchange for Philips’s abstinence in the market of computer manufacturing. But even after that agreement had expired Philips was hardly interested in joining in a ‘national’ industry. If it did finally purchase the remnants of Electrologica, it did so to appropriate the expertise accumulated there.Finally, not only a view of Philips’own rationality in business strategies but also a view on the context of the Cold War with its characteristic relations between the hegemone US and the European states, helps to better understand the fate of Electrologica and the logic of it ending in Philips-Electrologica.
Tussen lokaal belang en wetenschappelijke ambitie: de publicatiegeschiedenis van Scientiarum Historia (1959-2006)
Authors: Vanpaemel Geert
Published: January 2025

Between local interest and scientific ambitions: the publication history of Scientiarum Historia (1959-2006). The Belgian journal Scientiarum Historia was founded in 1959 by Leon Elaut and Piet Boeynaems, and remained in print until 1975. It was taken up again in 1990 by the Belgian scholarly society Zuid-Gewina, and continued until 2006 when it was merged with other journals to form Studium. This paper discusses the background of its publication history, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of a journal primarily devoted to local history. Among the weaknesses figure the limited financial support  and the small community of readers and authors when working for a restricted local audience. However, it is argued that local history needs and deserves a special place in every historiography. The disappearance of Scientiarum Historia (and its successor, Studium) should cause concern about the fate of local historiography.
Assessment of variability in the content of phenolic compounds in above‐ground organs of natural samples of Silybum marianum (l.) Gaertn L.
Authors: Vagabova F. F. , Mamalieva M. M. , Radzhabov G. K. , Alibegova A. N. , Soltanmuradova Z. I.
Published: January 2025

The aim of the work is to study the content of flavonoids and anthocyanins in the above‐ground organs of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn L., growing in natural conditions, and to assess their accumulation as this depends on the conditions of the place of growth (altitude above sea level) in Dagestan (Russia). In the flowering phase of 2013, the above‐ground part of the plant was collected from natural populations and using the generally accepted differential spectrometric technique. This showed that the total content of flavonoids and anthocyanins in all organs, regardless  of the place of collection, is 0.22% – 3.07% in terms of rutin, and 0.03% – 0.26% in terms of 3‐glucoside of cyanidin, respectively. Phenolic compounds were noted in all parts of the plants: their maximum content being in the leaves and inflorescences, while the minimum is in the stems. The dependence of the total content of flavonoids and anthocyanins on the altitude factor is multi‐vectoral; in most cases the connection is insignificant. Since the total content of flavonoids and anthocyanins in all organs of the above‐ground part of natural samples of milk thistle was studied for the first time, the results obtained will be interesting in terms of the complex use of raw materials. The results of assessment of the variability of the content of phenolic compounds in samples depending on the complex of factors of the altitude gradient in the natural conditions of Dagestan provide information for clarifying the mechanisms of accumulation of secondary metabolites.
Dynamics of radial increment and carbon sequestration of pine forests (Pinus sylvestris L.) affected by recreational stress and climate change in the forest steppe, Voronezh region, Russia
Authors: Litovchenko D. A. , Sheshnitsan S. S. , Yakovenko N. V.
Published: January 2025

The aim was to assess the influence of climatic factors and recreation on the dynamics of radial increment and carbon sequestration in the stem wood of Scots pine in the environment of the forest‐steppe region of Voronezh, Russia.The research was carried out in the Usmansky Bor, Voronezh region.Sample plots were established in 105–145‐year‐old pine stands at different stages of recreational degression to study the anthropogenic impact on pine forests. Cores were taken from 120 trees in the sample plots and analysed.We analysed the cyclical dynamics of radial increment, relationships with climatic factors, assessed the strength of the influence of climatic parameters on increment and calculated annual carbon sequestration. A significant decrease in radial increment of tree stands in late degression stages and a violation of increment cyclicity was observed. A strong positive relationship between atmospheric precipitation and incremental indices was found in spring‐summer months (r = 0,50, p < 0,05). Trees that survived recent drought and were not affected by wildfire in 2010 showed a significant and prolonged depression in stem growth, which had not completed even after five years of adverse environmental factors.When anthropogenic recreational pressure is combined with the effects of adverse climatic factors, the degradation of pine stands increases significantly. This combination of factors leads to even more significant changes in forest productivity. At the same time, the carbon sequestration capacity of the trees decreases significantly as the stage of degradation progresses. The main limiting factor for pine in the forest‐steppe zone is precipitation but the total influence of climatic factors was more significant than the individual effects of each of them.
Spatial organization of medical and health tourism in the Russia‐Kazakhstan tranboundary region
Authors: Svyatokha N. Yu. , Chibilev A. A. , Grudinin D. A.
Published: January 2025

Aim. To analyze the specifics of the spatio‐temporal organization of the resource and infrastructure base of medical and health tourism in the Russia‐Kazakhstan transboundary region.A comparative analysis of historical data obtained from scientific sources and modern official statistical information on the resource and infrastructure base of medical and health tourism in the Russian‐Kazakhstan cross‐border region was carried out; some of the initial data was obtained during field research by the research team.During the period analysed, a slight expansion of the network of sanatoria and health resort organisations of the Republic of Kazakhstan was established, while in the Russian border regions, the number of organizations has increased more than 1.5 times.Analysis of spatial data revealed disparities in the regional development of the resort sector on both sides of the border. In a number of border regions, the formation of transboundary concentration centres of health resort sector organisations has been revealed. The specifics of the organisation of balneological treatment in the region have been determined namely: the use of imported raw materials, the extensive spread of “wild” hospitals and the lack of scientific justification for the use of resources.A complex combination of natural healing resources, climate and landscape features, and the presence of a network of sanatorium and resort organisations forms a unique ‘therapeutic’ steppe landscape in the Russia‐Kazakhstan transboundary region, which can become the basis for the creation of new tourist routes and programmes aimed at improving the health of the population of both countries.
Genetic mutations associated with severe respiratory diseases
Authors: Moshkin A. D. , Stolbunova K. A. , Matsvay A. D. , Ohlopkova O. V.
Published: January 2025

Aim. To analyze existing data on the impact of mutations in the human genome on the pathogenesis of respiratory viral infections and to discuss their relevance to clinical practice. The primary objectives include describing the mechanisms of genetic mutations, reviewing examples of genes and mutations that affect susceptibility and disease severity and evaluating the prospects for genetic testing and personalized medicine.Research on genetic factors influencing viral respiratory infections demonstrates the significant impact of mutations on disease progression and outcomes. For instance, the IFITM3 gene, which plays a crucial role in limiting influenza virus replication, along with its rs12252‐C polymorphism, is linked to severe cases of influenza. Similarly, mutations in the TLR7 gene are associated with severe manifestations of COVID‐19, particularly in males. These findings underscore the importance of genetic testing to identify individuals at heightened risk for severe infections and emphasize the potential of personalized medicine to enhance patient outcomes. Additionally, it is essential to consider the interplay between genetic factors and environmental as well as social determinants of health.This review examines the genetic factors that influence susceptibility to viral respiratory infections and the severity of disease progression. It demonstrates that genetic mutations can significantly affect the pathogenesis and course of these infections. The importance of integrating genetic data into clinical practice to enhance the efficiency of diagnosis, prognosis and treatment is emphasized.
Antiviral activity of modified oligonucleotides in human lymphoid cells infected with a strain of HIV‐1
Authors: Gotfrid L. G. , Pavlova A. S. , Kupryushkin M. S. , Pyshnaya I. A. , Gashnikova N. M.
Published: January 2025

Aim. To investigate the cell entry and antiretroviral properties of modified oligodeoxyribonucleotides targeting highly conserved regions of the HIV‐1 genome: the study was conducted using modified oligonucleotides containing phosphorothioate, phosphorylguanidine or dodecyl moieties.The ability of oligonucleotides to inhibit the virus was studied using a model of lymphoid culture of human MT4 cells infected with a characterised high‐productive strain of HIV‐1 belonging to the subtype A6 genovariant widely spread in the Russian Federation. The entry of oligonucleotides into MT4 cells was assessed by confocal microscopy.It was shown that phosphorothioate‐ and dodecyl‐containing oligonucleotides are able to penetrate inside cells without the use of any additional transfection agents. It was found that phosphorothioate oligonucleotides transfected in duplex with dodecyl‐containing derivatives were localized inside the cell in the nucleus and nucleolus and were able to inhibit the reproduction of a highly productive HIV‐1 strain. A 50% toxic dose (TC50) and a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) were determined for the oligonucleotide derivatives studied, the value of which was less than 0,5 μM in the case of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides.The data obtained indicate the ability of the modified oligonucleotides studied to be used as potential antiviral agents against HIV‐1.
Evaluation of internet of Things Devices and Management tools.
Authors: Pasham Sai Dikshit
Published: January 2025

Abstract— Trade 4.0 with web of Things (IoT) is that the next wave in technology revolution that is predicted to change our daily life. This digitalization has nice impact on all the domains (energy, healthcare, transportation, producing etc.) additionally to the data and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector. In IoT eventualities, various sensors measure and report many phenomena and wide-ranging IoT solutions area unit deployed to gather huge quantity of information. IoT platforms, like Amazon AWS, IBM Watson or Microsoft IoT Suite, are offered to help the event of such services/applications. However, one in all the most important challenges featured by IoT solutions suppliers is that the superintendence and management of the large range of deployed sensors/devices. Presumably, the magnitude and heterogeneousness of the IoT systems makes it troublesome to manage them with typical IT management tools and techniques. New techniques and tools ought to be explored and developed or the standard management solutions ought to be adapted to the new challenges. During this paper, we have a tendency to establish and formulate the essential challenges of IoT device management and supervision, review the particular progressive IoT device management and superintendence techniques and tools obtainable on the market, and in short evaluate their features and typical use cases.
Keywords- internet of Things; Device Management; Platforms; Sensors.
Efficient Anomaly Detection in Big Data Streams Using Deep Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Pasham Sai Dikshit
Published: January 2025

Efficient anomaly detection in big data streams is critical for modern applications such as cybersecurity, Internet of Things (IoT), and financial fraud prevention. Traditional approaches struggle to handle the dynamic, high-dimensional, and interconnected nature of data streams in real time. Deep Graph Neural Networks (DGNNs) offer a promising solution by leveraging the inherent graph structures in big data, capturing complex relationships and evolving patterns effectively. This paper explores the integration of DGNNs for anomaly detection in big data streams, focusing on scalable architectures, real-time processing, and dynamic graph adaptation techniques. By addressing challenges such as computational overhead, model interpretability, and concept drift, this work demonstrates how DGNNs can enhance anomaly detection accuracy and efficiency. Case studies in cybersecurity, IoT monitoring, and financial fraud detection highlight the practical impact of DGNN-based frameworks. Finally, we discuss emerging trends and future directions, such as the integration of edge computing and reinforcement learning, paving the way for fully automated, real-time anomaly detection systems.