bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-economic Issues in the Theory and Practice of Institutional Christianity
Authors: SIMONOV V. V.
Published: October 2018

The article outlines the problem of the current crisis of institutional Christianity, which is developing against the backdrop of a systemic crisis of the world economy. In this context, the problems of reducing the mass Christian religiosity of the modern “developed” society, the marginalization of the Christian consciousness, as well as the attempts of the institutional Churches to offer an answer to the current socio-economic issues of the present are considered. The basis for the development of socio-economic teaching of the Roman-catholic theology is provided by a long historical tradition. Its emergence is due to the reaction of the Holy See to the “crisis of faith” associated with the genesis of industrial capitalism. This teaching substantially evolved in time – from classical political economy and trade-unionism through post-industrialism and neo-liberalism in the direction of neo-Keynesianism, while retaining the quite traditional terminological framework of classical political economy. An important place in this took the overcoming of “Catholic Modernism”, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, attempts at institutional reception of a number of phenomena that have arisen within the Church. Russian Orthodox theology passed a more complex and less consistent path in the field under investigation. The genesis and development of industrial capitalism had no real effect on the domestic theological discourse – two or three publications on this subject are an exception. In fact, the first approach to the problem turned out to be the “Outlines of the Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church”. The positive potential of its content is connected precisely with the beginning of the path from concept to teaching. Due to a number of reasons, as socio-religious and economic, and conceptual, a system of social initiatives of the ROC is now in the early stages of development.
Experiences in Learning Problem-Solving through Computational Thinking
Authors: Fernández Jacqueline M. , Zúñiga Mariela E. , Rosas María V. , Guerrero Roberto A.
Published: October 2018

Computational Thinking (CT) represents a possible alternative for improving students’ academic performance in higher level degree related to Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). This work describes two different experimental proposals with the aim of introducing computational thinking to the problem solving issue. The first one was an introductory course in the Faculty of Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences (FCFMyN) in 2017, for students enrolled in computer science related careers. The other experience was a first attempt to introduce CT to students and teachers belonging to not computer related faculties at the National University of San Luis (UNSL). Both initiatives use CT as a mean of improving the problem solving process based on the four following elementary concepts: Decomposition, Abstraction, Recognition of patterns and Algorithm. The results of the experiences indicate the relevance of including CT in the learning problem solving issue in different fields. The experiences also conclude that a mandatory CT related course is necessary for those careers having computational problems solving and/or programming related subjects during the first year of their curricula. Part of this work was presented at the XXIII Argentine Congress of Computer Science (CACIC).
MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY OF CEREBROVASCULAR ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Donosepoetro Marsetio
Published: October 2018

Cerebrovascular disease are the third most common cause of death in Western countries. The most frequent manifestation of disease is a sudden episode of neurological deficit termed stroke which is the result of cerebral haemorrhage or cerebral infaction in the mayority of cases. Stroke secondary to atherosclerosis is most common in people over 50 years old.The incidence of stroke rises dramatically with ages, with the risk doubling with each decade after 35 years old. About 5 % of people over 65 years old have at least one stroke. Atherosclerosis is condition where fatty acid deposits occur in the inner lining of arteries and the forming of atherosclerotic plaque,a mass consisting of fatty deposit, and blood platelets.The plaque may obstruct or my trigger clot,a trombus,at that location causing cerebral trombosis.It is called ischemmic stroke. The basis of the response to injury hypothesis introduced by Russel Ross is that the earliest cellular events that occur during atherosclerosis is a specialized type of chronic inflammatory response to cell injury. What may begin as a protective inflammatory reponse can become excessive and deleterious to the cell of the artery wall. The adhesion of leucocytes on endothelial cells and their trans –endothelial migration into intima are mediated by adhesion molecules on the endothelial cell membrane that mainly belong to two protein families:the selectin and the addhesion molecules.
ANALISIS KADAR OSTEOKALSIN SERUM OSTEOPENIA DAN OSTEOPOROSIS
Authors: Sennang AN N , Mutmainnah Mutmainnah , Pakasi RDN , Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease, characterized by decreased of bone mass density. Its incidence is higher in older population.Serum osteocalcin level is related to the rate of bone turnover. To analyze serum osteocalcin level on osteopenic and osteoporosis subjects.We examined 61 subjects for detecting osteopenia and osteoporosis by Sahara densitometer and measuring serum osteocalcin level byElecsys N-MID Osteocalsin Assay test. Of 21 men and 40 women, prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis were higher in women(57.5% and 32.5%) than men (42.9% and 23.8%). Most of osteoporosis subjects were in â‰¥ 60 years group and osteopenic subjects werein 50–59 years group (p<0.05). Mean of serum osteocalcin on osteoporosis subjects (26.70 ng/mL) was higher than osteopenic (23.78ng/mL) and normal (19.16 ng/mL) subjects (p<0.005). Prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis were higher in women than men. Theincidence of osteoporosis was related to the increase of age. Serum osteocalcin level was related to the severity of diagnosis category.
PROFIL ANALISIS BATU SALURAN KEMIH DI LABORATORIUM PATOLOGI KLINIK
Authors: Ratu G. , Badji A.
Published: October 2018

Urethral stones, or urolithiasis, is a pathologic and condition which is still a frequent problematic issue in the clinic, especially for itsrecurrence. This condition appears mostly in productive-age groups leading to affect their productivity. By stone analysis, the type andthe composition of concretes could be identified, so that the handling of patients could be arranged and its recurrence could be prevented.The study was carried to find out the distribution of urethral stone composition according to age and sex groups. A cross-sectional studyby means of medical records of 199 patients with urethral stone admitted to Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital was carried out duringMay 2002 to May 2004. Analysis was conducted microscopically and macroscopically by colorimetric and titrimetry. Urethral stoneswere found more in men 79.9% (159 of 199) than in women 20.1% (40 of 199). The peak prevalence of age between 31 to 45 yearswere 71.35%, the eldest being 86 years while the youngest was 2 years. The mostly found composition of calcium-oxalate was 87.4%,brushitt was 45.2%, and uric acid was 32.2%. The prevalence of urethral stones was still high, mostly found in 31 to 45 years of agegroup, affecting more men than women, and calcium oxalate showed the highest frequency.
IDENTIFIKASI CEPAT MIKROORGANISME MENGGUNAKAN ALAT VItEK-2
Authors: . Prihatini , . Aryati , . Hetty
Published: October 2018

Vitek-2 is automatic microbiologic equipment which used to identify antimicrobial sensitivity by micro organism test have been launched in Indonesia. In some private laboratory and hospital this equipment has been used already. The purpose of this study is toknow how to operate this equipment to ID and AST as well as to compare with the conventional methods. The material used to test withthis equipment consist of pure colony culture which derived by suspension of one inoculation to ID or AST card. The reagent consistsonly of saline suspension. After the suspension installed to VITEK2, the result was verified in the printout about 1.5 hours. The colour ofID and AST is difference and couldn't change with each other. The results are appear more rapid than the others conventional methods.VITEK-2 can be used as a means to diagnose faster than the conventional methods., so that the physician could prescribe earlier as soonas possible to patients and reduced the hospital budgets as well.
PERALIHAN (KONVERSI) SPUTUM BTA ANTARA PEMBERIAN DOSIS BAKU (STANDAR) DAN TINGGI RIFAMPICIN PADA PENGOBATAN (TERAPI) ANTI TUBERKULOSIS KELOMPOK (KATEGORI) I
Authors: Triyani Yani , Parwati Ida , Sjahid I. , Gunawan J. E.
Published: October 2018

Acid fast bacilli (AFB) sputum microscopy is used as a diagnostic tool of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in TB eradication program with directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) strategy. The AFB sputum microscopy should be performed before treatment,two months after intensive phase and four months after advance phase treatment. This study is a part of a research to compare thestandard (450 mg) and high (600 mg) rifampicin dose in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia. The aim of this studywas to detect the sputum conversion time of AFB in pulmonary TB patients who obtained category I antituberculous treatment with standard dose compared to one who received high dose of rifampicin at the beginning and at the end of the intensive phase. This AFB sputum microscopy have been performed from September 2003 until August 2005 from 85 pulmonary TB patients every two weeksusing Ziehl Neelsen and read by means of International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (IUATLD) scale, in PoliklinikParu Balai Pengobatan Penyakit Paru-paru and Department of Internal Medicine RS. Dr. Hasan Sadikin. Patients with pulmonary TBwho obtained category I antituberculous treatment of the intensive phase were divided randomly double blind into two groups, usingstatistical analysis by Page test for order alternative and Mann Whitney test. After randomization, there were 52 patients who receivedstandard dose and 33 patients who had high dose of rifampicin. Sputum conversions of AFB on week 2, 4, 6, and 8 were 36.1%, 63.9%,75%, and 91.7% for standard dose group. Sputum conversions of AFB on week 2, 4, 6, and 8 were 46.2%, 80.8%, 80.8%, and 84.6%for high dose group. Sputum conversion of AFB for high dose group were faster than standard dose group (p=0.030). Dropout (DO)patients were 5.9% (5/85) and no sputum conversion of AFB on week 8 was 8.3% and 15.4% for standard dose group and high dosegroup of rifampicin, respectively. Sputum conversions of AFB for high dose group were found significant more quickly than standarddose group of rifampicin statistically.
HUBUNGAN KADAR FIBRINOGEN PLASMA DAN MIKROALBUMINURIA PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2
Authors: . Rikarni , . Lillah , . Yoesri
Published: October 2018

Increase of fibrinogen concentration in type 2 diabetic patients is an indicator for vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction. Hyperfibrinogenemia is a strong marker and independently for atherosclerosis. Beside that, hyperfibrino -genemia can precede macroand microvascular complication. In type 2 diabetic, microalbuminuria is early marker for diabetic nephropathy and show that there isendothelial dysfunction. Microalbuminuria not only useful to predict renal damage, but also useful to predict cardiovascular damage.Microalbuminuria is a marker for endothelial dysfunction. To know the correlation between increase of fibrinogen concentration andmicroalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients. The study was performed in Dr. M. Djamil central Hospital by using cross sectionalmethod and consecutive random sampling. Sample were type 2 diabetic patients included criteria were measured albumin/ creatinineratio and the patients was divided in 2 group, that is group A (normoalbuminuria) and group B (microalbuminuria) with totalsample were 90 patients. Each group were performed measurement of albumin/ creatinine ratio, random glucose concentration, andfibrinogen concentration in plasma. In group A, we found the average of albumin/ creatinine ratio is 6.6 Î¼g/mg and in group B is107.5 Î¼g/mg. The average of random glucose concentration in group A is 181.3 mg/dl, and in group B is 204 mg/dl and the difference of concentration is not significantly (p > 0.05). The average of fibrinogen concentration in group A is 383.5 ± 104.6 mg/dl, and in group B is 467 ± 79 mg/dl. Increasing fibrinogen concentration in group B is higher than group A and the increasing is significantlystatistical difference (p <0.05). In this study we also founded the positive correlation between concentration of fibrinogen plasma andalbuminuria ( r = 0.036, p =0.0004). In type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria has been increased fibrinogen concentration,and the increasing of fibrinogen concentration in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria is higher than type 2 diabetic patientswith normoalbuminuria. There are positive correlation between fibrinogen plasma concentration and albumin/creatinine ratio
KADAR N TERMINAL-PRO BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE PADA PENDERITA PENYAKIT JANTUNG HIPERTENSI
Authors: Asterina Febria , Nasution B , Akbar N
Published: October 2018

Patients with hypertension are at high risk for development of Left Ventricle Hypertrophy (LVH) and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVSD). These conditions should be identified earlier to prevent cardiac morbidity and mortality. To measured serumlevel of NT-proBNP in hypertensive and mild symptomatic Hypertensive Heart Disease (HHD) patients (NYHA class I-II), to performechocardiography evaluation to all of the patients and associated with serum level of NT-proBNP. A cross sectional study was done at H.Adam Malik Hospital Medan, participants were recruited from consecutive samples of 15 hypertensive and 16 mild symptomatic HHDpatients whose visited cardiovascular and internal medicine out patient clinics. Of these patients, blood samples were taken and a twodimension echo-Doppler study was performed. The patients divided into three groups based on echocardiography studies respectively:Group 1: 9 hypertensive patients with normal echocardiography finding; group 2: 13 patients with LVH and ejection fraction (EF) â‰¥60%; and group 3: 9 patients with LVH and EF < 60%. Mean NT-proBNP serum level (in pg/mL) for groups 1-3 respectively, were:56.4 ± 34.5, 245.4 ± 339.2 and 852.0 ± 1218.9. Mean NT-proBNP serum level differed among all three groups (p = 0.050), butthe significant difference found between group 1 and group 3 (p < 0.05) only. There were significant correlation between NT-proBNPserum level and the three stages of echocardiography finding (r = 0.488 and p = 0.005). The result suggests that NT-proBNP serumlevel correlated with deterioration of heart function and structure according echocardiography studies. The Significant rise in NT-proBNPserum level happened only when Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVSD) develops in hypertension.
LEUKEMIA MEGAKARIOBLASTIK AKUT PADA SEORANG ANAK
Authors: Suci Widyastiti Nyoman , Arum Lestarini Ima , Movieta Nancy Yetty , S Intansari Umi , Lindeman R.
Published: October 2018

Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia (FAB AML M7) occurs in all age groups with two peaks in distribution. The one is in adults and theother in children 1 to 3 years of age especially in those with Down's syndrome. The diagnosis of AML M7 requires more than 30% of thenucleated bone marrow cells being megakaryoblasts. The AML M7 was under diagnosed before the availability of monoclonal antibodies.The more common types of AML MO-M6 have to be excluded by morphological and cytochemical analysis whereas immunology is neededto exclude ALL. The megakaryocytic nature of the leukemia has to be proven by ultrastructural demonstration of platelet peroxidase or byimmunological demonstration of CD61, CD42, CD41 on the surface of the leukemic blasts. Megakaryocytic/megakaryoblastic leukemiasshow a wide morphologic spectrum. Cytoplasmic blebs and protrusions are the most prominent feature of many cases. The nuclei ofthese cells are round with more finely reticulated chromatin and with prominent nucleoli. The megakaryoblastic nature of these cells canbe suggested by morphology. Cytochemistry is of limited diagnostic value in megakaryoblastic leukemias. Usually it is used to excludethe more common types of leukemia. An eighteen months girl was admitted to hospital with anemia and hepatosplenomegaly. There isdismorphic - hypertelorism face and enlargement of neck lymph nodes. The laboratory examination found anemia, hyperleukocytosis with75 % blast cells. Morphologically the blast cells show prominent blebs and cytoplasmic budding resemble features of budding platelets.The cytochemistry staining for granulocyte and erythrocyte lineages were negative. The expressions of lymphoid and myeloid lineagesmarkers by immunoflowcytometry method were also negative. Cytogenetic examination was followed. The physical and laboratoryexamination result conclude a child with Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia. Cytogenetic examination was followed
MENGENAL SISTEM PENERANGAN LABORATORIUM/LIS
Authors: Prihatini Prihatini
Published: October 2018

Clinical laboratory as a supporting tool to establish diagnostic as well as the efficiency of laboratory results will need on time report,accurate result, and satisfaction of the customer should necessary supported by suitability equipments. Most laboratories using automaticmachine need the assistance of LIS (Laboratory Information System) to enhance good results. To prepare its ready use of these laboratoryinstruments, request orders of the physicians' should be explicit and content satisfaction of the clinically symptoms as well. The laboratorypersonnel and the supervisor of LIS software should know well how to operate it to match with the other laboratory equipment used.The result of laboratory's orders should be recorded by LIS and send back to the physicians. In this computerisation world, automationof clinical laboratory is necessary if efficient results are the main need.
UJI SENSITIVITAS DAN SPESIFISITAS TROPONIN I DAN TROPONIN T SEBAGAI PENANDA BIOKIMIA JANTUNG UNTUK MENEGAKKAN DIAGNOSIS ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (AMI)
Authors: O Friska , N Tristina , N Suraya
Published: October 2018

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the most common heart disease and has been a leading cause of mortality in Indonesia's and developed countries population aged over 45 years endemic. The diagnosis of ACS is made by fulfilling 2 of 3 WHO criteria: typicalishemic chest pain, electrocardiogram (ECG) changes specific for ACS and the raise of cardiac biochemical markers. Cardiac troponin T(cTnT) or I (cTnI) are two novel biomarkers with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for early diagnosis of ACS especially acutemyocardial infarction (AMI). Troponin I and T are proteins of cardiac myofibrils, released into the bloodstream in the death damages ofcardiomyocyte caused by AMI or injury.The level of cTnI will not increased in patients with decreased renal functions, which is distinctfrom cTnT. The aims of study are to define the sensitivity and specificity of cTnI and cTnT to be cardiac biochemical markers for AMIpatients. From 41 subjects; 29 AMI and 12 subjects non AMI patients in Cardiac Intensive Care Units (CICU) and Emergency Room(ER) of Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin (RSHS) Bandung from September to October 2007 was evaluated. Design of the study was cross sectional and quantitative observational study. The cTnI and cTnT assay using the quantitative immunochromatography method.Sensitivity, spesificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) in subjects who met 2 WHO criteria for AMI,Troponin I was 74%, 86%, 96% and 40%. Sensitivity, spesificity, PPV and NPV In subjects who met 3 WHO criteria for AMI, Troponin Iwas 89%, 57%, 62% and 87%. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV cTnI was 90%, 100% 100 and 80% for diagnosis of AMI. In subjectswho met 2 WHO criteria for AMI, Troponin T Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV has 88%, 71%, 94% and 56%. In subjects who met3 WHO criteria for AMI sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV Troponin T was 94%, 35%, 53% and 89%. And Sensitivity, specificity, PPVand NPV Troponin T was 97%, 67%, 88%, and 89% for diagnosis of AMI. Troponin T is more sensitive than troponin I, but troponin Ihas greater specificity than troponin T in AMI. Troponin I is more specific because no influence from renal dysfunction.
MENAHAN ATAU MENEKAN KEKEBALAN (IMUNOSUPRESI) UNTUK PENCANGKOKAN GINJAL (Bagian II)
Authors: Ma'at Suprapto
Published: October 2018

Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for most patients with end stage renal disease. Most of the time, transplantationrejection is immunological mediated. Both T cells and circulating antibodies are induced against allograft. Successful organtransplantation requires the use of immunosuppressive drugs to prevent the host's immune system from rejecting the transplanted organ.The development of immunosuppressive drugs is the key to successful allograft function Immunosuppressive agents are used for induction(intense immunosuppressant in the initial days after transplantation), maintenance and reversal of established rejection. This reviewfocuses on agents that are either approved or in phase 2 or phase 3 trials in kidney transplantation.
ASOSIASI HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN (HLA) KARSINOMA NASOFARING (KNF)
Authors: Judajana F.M.
Published: October 2018

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most frequent malignancy disease in Java and the incidence rate at several Hospitalsseems increasing yearly. Prevalence of NCP in Indonesian were 3.9 per 100.000 citizen each year. Eipsten-Barr Virus (EBV) is one of theetiological agents of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) and infected B lymphocyte that cause transformation of it to LymphoblastoidCell Line and expresses several antigens. One of them is known as Latent membrane Protein 2A (LMP2A). These antigens is the maintarget of Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) in immune system surveillance by recognizing an epitope Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)class I complexes which expressed on the target cell surface. Beside EBV, there are other factors that. Research of the HLA class I antigenis one of the immune genetic system that has the ability as genetic sensitivity to the disease. The research in NPC patients is not tobe done to show representative for of population in Indonesia especially in Java. The aim of the study was to know the associationbetween HLA class I profile and NPC patients in Java population and to isolate lymphocyte from peripheral blood 24 NPC patients formicrolymphocytotoxicity test with Terasaki Plate derived from UCLA-USA. The results is significantly associated to HLA – A 24 (RR 2.25),HLA A2 (RR 1.635) and HLA A11 (RR 1.065). Based on these HLA class 1 profile as an immune genetics marker on NPC is one of themost important target. In order to develop EBV vaccine in the future, this is necessary especially for Java Population in Indonesia.
KADAR PENERIMA TRANSFERIN TERLARUT (sTFR) DI PENDERITA HIV/AIDS DENGAN ANEMIA
Authors: AR Indrati , R Van Crevel , R Sumantri , R Wisaksana
Published: October 2018

Anemia is the most common hematologic abnormality associated with HIV which affecting 60 to 80 percent of patients in the latestage of the disease. The presence of anemia is associated with increased of morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV infection. Irondeficiency, chronic inflammation and antiretroviral treatment (ACT) may cause HIV associated anemia. The differentiation of irondeficiency anemia from chronic disease anemia is a diagnostic challenge. Maybe it is helpful in soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), thecleaving of the extra cellular domain related to transferrin receptor. Because the elevated sTfR concentration is a marker of tissue irondeficiency and increased marrow erythropoietin activity. The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic value of soluble transferrinreceptor level in anemia patients with HIV/AIDS. The Study was the part of the IMPACT (Integrated Management for Prevention, Controland Treatment of HIV/AIDS) baseline and cohort study. The study started since September 2007 in RSUP Hasan Sadikin Bandung.There were 179 HIV/AIDS patients with anemia included in this study. Complete blood count, reticulocytes, feritin, soluble transferringreceptor and hsCRP were tested in these patients. It was found that the mean of sTfR in HIV patients with anemia were 1238.42U/mL(304.5-30435). sTfR had a low correlation with MCV (r -0.174), feritin (r -0.65) and absolute reticulocyte counting (r 0.172). Feritinhad moderate and significant correlation with hsCRP (r:0.429; p 0.00). There was no significant difference of sTfR level between thepatients without ART, with Zidovudin and d4T (p 0.81). There was no significance difference of sTfR concentration between the low andnormal MCV level (p 0.341). sTfR can not differentiate the source of anemia in patients with HIV/AIDS. It can be concluded so far thatchronic disease and inflammation as reflected by the elevated hsCRP level and use of zidovudine are the main cause of anemia.
BERBAGAI KESALAHAN TATA LANGKAH PEKERJAAN LABORATORIUM KLINIK
Authors: Prihatini Prihatini
Published: October 2018

Laboratory procedure errors occurred in some cycle parts during prae-analytic, analytic and post analytic sessions, they must beexcluded and prevented in the process because the outcome would support the diagnosis of diseases also to enhance their confidence.The laboratory works were carried out in the right methods, is suppervised accurately base on haematological, microbiological, clinicalchemistry and immunological standard examinations. Any deviation although the procedure results according the standard one mustbe registered. Laboratory errors revealed must be monitored as the means to reduce errors and to threat them well. Beside it is necessaryto have a good communication between patients, doctors as well as with the laboratory services.
PETANDA PERADANGAN hs CRP DENGAN HIPERTENSI
Authors: . Suswanto , P Siti Muchayat
Published: October 2018

The major pathophysiologic mechanisms of hypertension include the activation of sympathetic nervous system and rennin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. Endothelial dysfunction, increased vascular reactivity, and vascular remodeling may cause that matter,rather than its consequences, of blood pressure elevation; increased vascular stiffness, which contributes to isolate systolic hypertensionin the elderly persons. Chronic low grade inflammation has been identified as an integral part in the pathogenesis of vascular disease.Inflammation may also be implicated in the development of hypertension. Several studies have demonstrated a significant relationshipbetween hs-CRP and stiffness of large arteries. If inflammation is truly linked to hypertension, then it would be reasonable to assume thatdrugs with anti-inflammatory actions may be able to arrest inflammation, improve endothelial function and lowering blood pressurein patients with hypertension. The aim of this cross sectional design study is to observe high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)inflammatory markers in thirty five patients with hypertension. also want to know the present correlation between marker inflammationhs CRP with hypertension. With examine to some confounding factors as LDL, GDR and WBC. The results of this study showed that thereis no correlation between hs-CRP and hypertension, especially the duration of hypertension (r = 0.5 and p = 0.002). High degree ofhypertension was not followed by the increasing level of hs CRP.
Toll-like Receptor (TLR) dan Imunitas Natura
Authors: Ma'at Suprapto
Published: October 2018

In all living species, the first line of defence against microbial aggressions is constituted by innate immunity. Toll-like receptors(TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that are activated by specific components of microbes and certain host molecules.They constitute the first line of defense against many pathogens and play a crucial role in the function of the innate immune system.Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) by TLR, alone or heterodimerization with other TLR or non-TLR receptors,induces signals responsible for the activation of genes important for an effective host defense, especially proinflammatory cytokines, orinitiates signal transduction pathways, which trigger expression of genes. These gene products control innate immune responses andfurther instruct development of antigen-specific acquired immunity.
ANTI HCV DAN JUMLAH PENDERITA JANGKITAN (PREVALENSI INFEKSI) VIRUS HEPATITIS C
Authors: Wulandari Isti Setijorini , . Kismardhani
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIn various prevalence Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections was found all over the world. There is no accurate data about the spreading of HCV infection in Indonesia. Indonesian Department of Health makes a program to make a database from all provinces in Indonesiaabout prevalence of HCV. This is supported by request from the district Health Department of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY)Province to conduct HCV infection surveillance in 2007. Data of HCV infection from blood transfusion service show approximately 2%.To complete the basic data by knowing the prevalence of HCV in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta at DIY province. This is an Hospital Yogyakarta at DIY province. This is anHospital Yogyakarta at DIY province. This is an observational descriptive study about HCV infection prevalence in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta. Data was collected fromSeptember 2007âˆ’August 2008 conducted on Microbiology, Immunology & Infection Sub Laboratory of Clinical Pathology Departmentin Dr Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta. There was 753 request of anti HCV test from September 2007âˆ’August 2008. Initial reactiveresult was found in 131 patients. In the first quarter in 2007 (Januaryâˆ’April 2007) there were 27 initial reactive from 175 samples ofanti HCV test (15.42%). In the second quarter were found 36 initial reactive out of 176 samples of anti HCV test (20.45%) and in thelast trimester in 2007 were found 19 initial reactive out of 134 samples (14.17%). In 2008, first quarter were found 21 positive resultout of 123 samples (17.03%) and in the second quarter (Mayâˆ’August 2008) were found 32 positive result out of 145 samples (22.06%).There are gradually increased percentage rates of initial reactive anti HCV test based on the result from each trimester HCV test based on the result from each trimesterHCV test based on the result from each trimester (15.42âˆ’20%, 45âˆ’14 %, 17âˆ’17%, 03âˆ’22.06%)
AIR KEMIH (URIN) BEREOSINOFIL DENGAN DUGAAN RADANG SELA GINJAL MENDADAK/NEFRITIS INTERSTISIAL AKUT (NIA)
Authors: Sahureka Felly G , Mangarengi Fitriani , Bahrun Uleng
Published: October 2018

The diagnosis of AIN is performed by the evaluation of clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory tests, radio imaging and biopsyas a gold standard. In most cases, biopsy wasn't performed because it is invasive for the patients, while the diagnosis is just based onthe clinical sign and symptom, and the immunosuppressive therapy is carried out only after the biopsy. Eosinophyluria found in theAIN patients is the parameter that can be measured non invasively, so that urine eosinophyl test was suggested for the diagnosis/earlydetection of AIN. That background cause us to analyze the urine eosinophyl count in suspected AIN patients. A cross sectional studywas conducted from June to August 2008 on 50 suspect AIN patients and 50 of non AIN at the Laboratory of Clinical Pathology,dr.Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar. Urine eosinophyl test performed by Hansel method, samples were analyzed with SPSSfor Windows version 12.0 using T test and Chi-square test. From 50 suspect AIN patients, they consist of 50% men and 50% womenwith the age distribution between 4 and 72 years old. T test analysis showed that the urine eosinophyl count was higher in suspect AIN(2.820 ± 1.955) compare with the non AIN (0.620 ± 0.923), p < 0.001. The Chi-square test showed that there was a significantrelation between eosinophyluria of the suspect AIN patients. That means there is a significantly relation between eosinphyiluria withthe suspect AIN group, where was found the higher urine eosinophyl compare to those non AIN patients. From this study so far, it canbe suggested that urine eosinophyl test can be used for the diagnosis/early detection of AIN.
KORELASI ANTARA NEURON-SPECIFIC ENOLASE SERUM DAN GLASGOW COMA SCALE DI PASIEN CEDERA KEPALA
Authors: Sukorini Usi , Wulandari Isti Setijorini , Mulyono Budi , Pramusinto Handoyo
Published: October 2018

The outcome after head injury is mostly determined by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the degree of brain damage which reveals.CT scan is also important to assess its severity. However relatively it is not in a less costly manner and sometimes patients mobilisationare needed. Brain damage due to traumatic head injury refers to homeostasis unbalance, and it is the important causes of releasingbiochemical analyte from neuron via injured blood brain barrier to circulation. Neuron-specific enolase as a glycolytic enzyme in neuroncytoplasm might increase. Hopefully, measurement of NSE levels can provide information about the extent of the disease. The objectiveof the study is to test the correlation between the Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) serum as a one of biochemical marker of brain injuryand the GCS. For this purpose, a cross sectional, analytical observasional study was carried out at the Emergency Departement andDepartement of Clinical Laboratory, Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Fifty-one patients selected by an eligible criteriawere included in the study, which consist of severe, moderate and mild head injury. Blood samples were collected and serum NSE wasmeasured by immunoanalyzer using Electro Cheluminescence ImmunoAssay (ECLIA). Chi square test was used to test the differenceproportion of the group: NSE â‰¥ 21.7 ng/mL and NSE < 21.7 ng/mL according to measured variables, and Spearman correlation testwas used to correlate serum NSE and GCS, and other variables. In the study fifty-one patients with head injury were included, 74.5%of patients were males and 68.6% is in the age of 15–45 years old. The patients were further divided into two groups on the basis ofserum NSE â‰¥ 21.7 ng/mL and < 21.7 ng/mL; the former group was dominated by severe head injury patients (54.1%). In addition, aproportion of non survivors (66.6%) in group NSE â‰¥ 21.7 ng/mL was higher compared to those in NSE < 21.7 ng/mL group. Moreover,a large number of mild head injury (95.45%) and survivors (83.33%) had lower serum NSE (< 21.7 ng/mL). In the study, was found anegative correlation between serum NSE and GCS (r = -0.552; p = 0.00). Also, serum NSE were inversely correlated with blood kaliumand hemoglobin (r = -0.162; p = 0.027 dan r = -0.376; p = 0.009), in contrast with leucocytes count (r = 0.485; p = 0.001). Theconclusion so far there was a negative correlation between serum NSE and GCS. It is suggested that neuron-specific enolase can be veryuseful as a biochemical marker in assesssing the severity of head injury. Therefore, it is nessessary to carry out the prognostic study toknow to what extent it can predicting the outcomes.
PERAN POLIMORFISME GEN INTERFERON-g (IFNG) PADA FENOTIP HISTOLOGI NEFRITIS LUPUS
Authors: Handono Kusworini
Published: October 2018

Lupus Nephritis (LN) is a serious complication of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) with the development of end stage renaldisease in 10–70% patients within 5 years. The condition is classified into 6 different classes according WHO criteria. Several studiesshowed that there were significant clinical manifestation differences between class III, IV and class V LN. It has been suggested that theclass differences of LN was related to the cytokines balance and genetic factor. The objective of this study was to determine the role ofg-Interferron gene (IFNG) polymorphism in the class differences of LN. The study was conducted in 40 female SLE patients at the Dr.Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang. Histologic phenotypes classification was based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (1995).Microsatelite polymorphism within the first intron of the IFNg gene on chromosome 12q24.1 was performed by DNA sequencing. Theallele difference between LN classes and healthy controle were analysed by Chi-square, the risk of LN in patients with certain IFNG allelewas calculated using Odds Ratio. The result showed that the frequency of IFNG 112 allele were higher in SLE patients compared withhealthy controls (succeptible allele) and the risk to have class V LN in patients with IFNG 112 was 6 times higher compared with patientswithout these allele. There is an association between IFNG polymorphism with the LN classes.
DIAZO TEST AS A SCREENING TEST OF TYPHOID FEVER A PRACTICAL APPROACH
Authors: Nugraha J. , Muljanti Meiti
Published: October 2018

Typhoid fever represents an endemic acute infection with a high mortality, in this case a laboratory test is needed to establish theearly diagnosis. For this study the researchers prefer urine diazo test which is a relatively easy, simple and inexpensive test. The aimof this study is to know whether the urine diazo test can be used for screening typhoid fever and whether there is a concordance withthe Widal and TUBEX® TF serological tests. Forty patients aged 2–18 years, attending to the Jeremy Medical Service Clinic, Surabaya,suffering of fever more than 3 days were studied from June up to August 2010. Urine samples were tested by diazo test, while bloodsamples as comparison were tested by Widal and TUBEX® TF tests, and blood culture was carried out as the gold standard. The sensitivityand specificity of those tests were then recorded. From the 40 samples, 12 patients showed positive Salmonella typhi blood cultures,26 diazo positive, 22 Widal positive and 14 TUBEX® TF positive. Of the 12 positive blood cultures, 10 (83%) diazo positive, 7 (58%)Widal positive and 9 (75%) TUBEX® TF positive were found. The sensitivity and specificity of diazo test was 83% and 43%, Widal test58% and 46%, TUBEX® TF test 75% and 82%. It is shown that the Diazo test had a higher sensitivity value, while the TUBEX® TF testshowed a higher level of specificity. In conclusion, so far it can be concluded that the Diazo test is quite reliable in aiding the diagnosisof typhoid fever and can be considered as a screening test for typhoid fever.
PATOGENESIS dan PEMERIKSAAN LABORATOPRIUM MIELOFIBROSIS PRIMER
Authors: Johanis Johanis , Hajat Arifoel
Published: October 2018

Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a neoplastic hematologic disease, characterized by clonal hemapoietic stem cell and collagenaccumulation in bone marrow. PMF is not related with underlying myeloproliferative disorders or other diseases. The features of PMFshow marrow fibrosis, megakaryocytes and granulocytes proliferation, and extramedullary hemapoiesis. PMF is classified as BCR-ABLnegativemyeloproliferative disorders. Diagnosis of PMF is based on clinical symptoms of splenomegaly and myelopthisis; bone marrowbiopsy shows granulocytes/megakaryocytes hyperplasia, megakaryocytes dysmorphic and fibrosis; cytogenic testing for mutation ofJAK2V617F+, MPLW5I5L/K+ and BCR-ABL. The diagnostic criterion according to the 2008 WHO classification considers major andminor crieria. The primary purpose for treatment is to improve the quality of life by paliative tratment. The five year survival of PMFpatients is low.
LEUKOSITOSIS BER-FLAGGING BINTANG (ïƒ¢) BERPOTENSI ADANYA INTERFERENSI ALAT ANALISIS HEMATOLOGI OTOMATIS
Authors: Sugiarto Christine , Lismayanti Leni , Zamalek Dalimoenthe Nadjwa
Published: October 2018

Leukocytosis is a condition in which there is an increasing number of white blood cell count in the peripheral blood compared to thenormal range based on age. Several conditions can amplify leukocyte count from haematological auto analyzers, not only those whichcorrespond to the pathologic and physiologic condition, but also with other factors, such as diluent and haematological auto analyzer'smethods. The information about these factors should be evaluated to lessen errors in the patient's diagnosis and therapy. This casereport describes a leukocytosis in a 35-day old baby boy, diagnosed as duodenal obstruction, admitted in Paediatric Surgery Department,Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung. Discrepancies occurred in this patient's leukocyte count with some different haematological autoanalyzers. The leukocyte count from the auto analyzer by impedance method and ammonium salt diluent was 129.200/mm3 which wasindicated by a star-flagged (ïƒ¢), while from the auto analyzer with light scatter method and anhydrous sodium sulphate and sodiumchloride diluent was 9.200/mm3, from manual count by the counting chamber with Turk diluent was 14.200/mm3 and the estimationby peripheral blood smear was 7.000–10.000/mm3. False leukocytosis by auto analyzer with impedance method was caused by thelimitation of the analyzer's method and by the erythrocyte lysine reagent (diluent) using ammonium salt. As investigated in this case,the interferences were thought as being caused by the Lyses-resistant Red Blood Cells, thus the non-lysed/lyses cells which were enlargedin size were identified as leukocytes other than erythrocytes. It can be that the white blood concluded cell count examination which isindicated by star-flagged (ïƒ¢), or white blood cell count >100.000/mm3 must be confirmed by manual examination (counting chamberand peripheral blood smear) or by another haematological auto analyzer method that has a different and more potent diluent
UMBI UBI JALAR UNGU BALI (Ipomoea batatas) DI TRANSAMINASE SERUM, MALONDIALDEHIDE HEPAR DAN ALKOHOL KRONIS
Authors: Sutirta-Yasa I Wayan Putu , Jawi I Made , Ngurah Ida Bagus , Subawa Anak Agung Ngurah
Published: October 2018

Oxidative stress as a consequence of chronic alcoholic intake causes lesions of liver tissue. The objective of this study was to identifythe antioxidant effect of ethanol extract derived from Balinese purple sweet potato on the liver tissue in mice after chronic consumptionof alcohol. Subjects of this study were 32 adults male Swiss mice (12–14 weeks) divided into 4 groups with control group post-testonly design. Post-treatment of blood and liver samples were collected from each group of 8 mice. The MDA liver was quantified withthiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) method. Samples were collected from control group of 8 mice without sweet potatoextract and alcohol, 8 mice with 1 mg extract of Balinese purple sweet potato, 8 mice with 0.8 gram alcohol, and 8 mice with combineof alcohol and extract of Balinese purple sweet potato, each treatment was carried out every day for 4 weeks. The results showed asignificant increase of serum SGOT, SGPT and liver MDA level, after chronic consumption of alcohol (p = 0.00). The decrease of serumSGOT, SGPT and liver level MDA was significant in the group with extract of Balinese purple sweet potato (p = 0.00). The researchersconcluded that the extract of Balinese purple sweet potato had an antioxidant effect in mice which consumed alcohol chronically. Basedon this study it is concluded that extract of Balinese purple sweet potato has a protective effect on the liver cell in mice which consumedalcohol chronically.
RUSIP SEHUBUNGAN PROFIL LIPID DALAM KEADAAN HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA
Authors: KS Indranila , MD Satrianugraha
Published: October 2018

Rusip is a fermented fish product made from anchovies. Several lactic acid bacteria have been identified in rusip fermentation. Lacticacid bacteria are known to be able to reduce serum cholesterol. The aim of the research was to know the lipid profile changes due toadministration of rusip in hypercholesterolemia rats. The research was done by using Pre and Post Randomized Controlled Group Design.The research subjects consisted of twenty-eight Sprague Dawley strain white male rats aged 20 weeks with normal body weight, who weregiven a high-fat high-cholesterol diet, then divided into four (4) groups: control group, without Rusip administration; P1, P2 and P3 whoreceived 2.55; 5.10 and 7.65 mg Rusip/g body weight. After 14 days treatment, blood samples were taken to determine the lipid profileusing enzymatic methods. ANOVA or alternative test, was used to test the difference between the groups at the 95% confidence level. Basedon the research, the administration of Rusip in the treatment group caused significant changes in the lipid profiles of hypercholesterolemiarats (p<0.05). The total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol levels decreased significantly in all three treatment doses (p<0.05).The HDL cholesterol increased significantly in all three treatment doses (p<0.05). The highest change in lipid profile results was obtainedin the treatment of P3 to all variables. In this study, it was found that administration of Rusip could improve the state of blood lipidprofiles of hypercholesterolemia rats. Whereas, the highest changes were obtained in treatment with P3.
PERAMALAN SEPSIS AKIBAT PROCALCITONIN TERKAIT KELUARAN HASIL KLINIS
Authors: Intansari Umi S. , Dartini Nunung , Kismardhani Kismardhani
Published: October 2018

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response due to a severe infection. The systemic immune response rises after the local immuneresponse does not successfully eliminate the antigen. Procalcitonin (PCT) has been known as the marker for bacterial infection. The aimof this study was to know whether PCT could be used as a predictor of clinical outcome in sepsis incidence. A prospective cohort designwas used in this study. The subjects were patients entering the Internal ward who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and examinedfor the basic data collection. For the assessment of SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score, blood specimens were takenfor PCT examination, on the first day since the diagnosis of sepsis and on the third day. The patients were observed until the tenth dayto determine the assessment of their survival analysis. This study involved 50 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The mean levels of PCT on day I and III were 5.19±5.83 ng/mL and 6.37±9.85 ng/mL, respectively. The mean levels of PCT on day I andIII in the group with increased SOFA score was 5.01±1.17 ng/mL and 3.86±1.46 ng/mL, respectively. The mean levels of PCT on day Iand III in the group without increased SOFA was 5.32±1.21 ng/mL and 4.88±2.21 ng/mL, respectively. The relative risk of increasedPCT against the poor output expressed by the increased SOFA score was 5.75. In the survival analysis, it was shown that 52% of patientssurvived at day 10. In the group of non survival patients; the number of patients with increased PCT was more than that without increasedPCT. Based on this study, it can be concluded that procalcitonin could be used as a predictor for the clinical outcome in sepsis patients.