bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Implementation of Dynamic Routing Algorithm to Improve Efficiency for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Choi Won Hyuck , Jie Min Seok
Published: March 2013

The development of wireless communication and electronic technology leads to wireless sensor networks in various fields. Wireless sensor networks can exchange the data that generated from near environment field observation between other sensor nodes. Generally, Wireless sensor networks consist of multi sensor nodes and one or more sink nodes The sensor sensing data that nodes detected transmit from sensor networks to base station and deliver to users through internet. However sensor networks are restricted in the aspects of communication, processing data and energy consumption. Because of the low capacity batteries with devices of sensor networks, it is important to increase the lifespan operation life of sensor nodes by using energy efficiently. In this kind of sensor nodes, the energy consumption for message sending and receiving is very important for the maintenance of sensor nodes. In the existing static routing method, it consumes more energy for the maintenance of sensor network than dynamic routing method because data transmits repeatedly when the sensor data begin to spread. In this study, based on the difference in the cycle of information gathering in accordance with the characteristic of the sensor in sensor network and the cycle of demands from the sink in accordance with the characteristic of application layer, dynamic routing of wireless sensor network is proposed which actively responds to its various needs.
An Efficient Positioning Algorithm Based on PID in Indoor Spaces Using RFID Technology
Authors: Chen Young Long , Chen Zhi Rong
Published: March 2013

In order to solve outdoor positioning problems, a global positioning system (GPS) seems to be the best solution. However, GPS is unable to accurately and precisely locate objects or humans indoors. Thus, in this paper, we propose an efficient method for localization and position estimation for mobile robot navigation using passive radio-frequency identification (RFID). With our method, it is possible to accurately locate autonomous entities such as robots and people within a defined area. In simulations, we use PID controllers to increase the efficiency of captured RFID tags. Experiment results show that the number of captured RFID tags using our proposed method is greater than that of the fixed power level method.
Design and Fabrication of the Piezoelectrically Actuated Micropump with Implanted Check Valves
Authors: Cheng Chiang Ho , Tseng Yi Pin
Published: March 2013

This paper aims to present the design, fabrication and test of a novel piezoelectrically actuated, check valve embedded micropump having the advantages of miniature size, light weight and low power consumption. The micropump consists of a piezoelectric actuator, a stainless steel chamber layer with membrane, two stainless steel channel layers with two valve seats, and a nickel check valve layer with two bridge-type check valves. The check valve layer was fabricated by nickel electroforming process on a stainless steel substrate. The chamber and the channel layer were made of the stainless steel manufactured using the lithography and etching process based on MEMS fabrication technology. The effects of check valve thickness, operating frequency and back pressure on the flow rate of the micropump are investigated. The micropump with check valve 20 μm in thickness obtained higher output values under the sinusoidal waveform of 120 Vpp and 160 Hz. The maximum flow rate and backpressure are 1.82 ml/min and 32 kPa, respectively.
Development of a Portable Automated Piano Player CantaPlayer
Authors: Tan Jin Jack , Ong Jiun Cai , Chan Kin Keong , How Kam Hing , Ho Jee Hou
Published: March 2013

This paper describes the development of a low cost, compact and portable automated piano player CantaPlayer. The system accepts digital MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) files as input and develops pushing actions against piano keys which in turn produces sounds of notes. CantaPlayer uses Pure Data, an audio processing software to parse MIDI files and serve as user interfaces. The parsed information will be sent to Arduino, an open source microcontroller platform, via serial communication. The Arduino I/O pins will be triggered based on the information from Pure Data of which connected transistors will be activated, acting as a switch to draw in larger power supply to power the solenoids. The solenoids will then push the respective piano keys and produce music. The performance of CantaPlayer is evaluated by examining the synchronousness of the note playing sequence for a source MIDI and the corresponding reproduced MIDI. Three types of MIDI playing sequence (scale, polyphonic and rapid note switching) were tested and the results were satisfactory.
Grade Diffusion Algorithm
Authors: Ho Jiun Huei , Shih Hong Chi , Liao Bin Yih , Pan Jeng Shyang
Published: March 2013

In this paper, a grade diffusion algorithm is proposed to solve the sensor node’s transmission problem and the sensor node’s loading problem in wireless sensor networks by to arrange the sensor node’s routing. In addition to them, the sensor node also can save some backup nodes to reduce the energy consumption for the re-looking routing by our proposed algorithm in case the sensor node’s routing is broken. In the simulation, the grade diffusion algorithm can save 28.66% energy and increase 76.39% lift time than the tradition algorithms for sensor node. Moreover, our proposed algorithm has the less data package transmission loss and the hop count than the tradition algorithms in our simulate setting. Hence, in addition to balance the sensor node’s loading and reduce the energy consumption, our algorithm can send the data package to destination node quickly and correctly.
Iterative Learning Control of a Piezo-Actuated Positioning Stage for Micro/Nano Manipulation
Authors: Lin Chih Jer , Chen Chih Keng , Chen Chun Ta
Published: March 2013

The main objective of this investigation is to improve the tracking accuracy of a piezo-actuated positioning stage using an iterative learning control. First, to compensate for the tracking error of the piezo-actuated positioning stage that is caused by nonlinear hysteresis, the dynamics of the hysteresis is modeled using the Bouc-Wen model. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to determine the parameters of the inverse-hysteresis model. Second, the design of an iterative learning control is presented. Based on the simulation, the appropriate value of the learning rate is determined. Finally, the efficacy of the approach is demonstrated to achieve high accuracy positioning via the real-time experiments. The experimental result of the piezo-actuated positioning stage is measured by the laser interferometer (HP-5529A). The experimental results show that the iterative learning control can compensate the hysteresis-caused tracking error and the positional accuracy of better than 100 nano-meter is readily achieved.
Visual Servo Tracking Control for Slider Robot Using CMAC Neural Network Recognition Approach
Authors: Hung Chin Pao , Hsieh Fu Tsai
Published: March 2013

This paper describes an image-based visual servo tracking control scheme using CMAC neural network as object recognition feedback methodology. A web camera based image capture system is mounted on the slider robot to capture the desired object and a CMAC (Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller) based object recognition scheme is developed to recognize the captured object image. Comparing the relative location of the recognized object and the web camera, then the position feedback signal can be obtained. Using the feedback signal, a PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller is designed to track the desired object by moving a single-axis slider robot, such that the captured object image located on the center of the captured frame always.
The Single-Pass Perceptual Embedded Zero-Tree Coding Implementation and Optimization on DSP
Authors: Wu Bing Fei , Huang Hao Yu , Wang Jenq Haur , Chen Yen Lin
Published: March 2013

In this paper, a block-edge based Single-Pass Perceptual Embedded Zero-tree Coding (SPPEZC) method is proposed and implemented on the DSP-based platform. SPPEZC combines two novel compression concepts which are Block-Edge Detection (BED) and Low-Complexity and Low-Memory Entropy Coder (LLEC) for the coding efficiency and quality. Besides, the proposed SPPEZC is implemented as fixed-point version and optimized on the DSP-based platform based on both the presented platform-independent and platform-dependent optimization technologies. The performance including compression quality and efficiency is validated by experimental results.
The Box-Cox Transformation-Based ARFNNs for Identification of Nonlinear MR Damper System with Outliers and Skewness Noises
Authors: Chen Pi Yun , Fu Yu Yi , Su Kuo Lan , Jeng Jin Tsong
Published: March 2013

In this paper, the Box–Cox transformation-based annealing robust fuzzy neural networks (ARFNNs) are proposed for identification of the nonlinear Magneto-rheological (MR) damper with outliers and skewness noises. Firstly, utilizing the Box-Cox transformation that its object is usually to make residuals more homogeneous in regression, or transform data to be normally distributed. Consequently, a support vector regression (SVR) method with Gaussian kernel function has the good performance to determine the number of rule in the simplified fuzzy inference systems and initial weights in the fuzzy neural networks. Finally, the annealing robust learning algorithm (ARLA) can be used effectively to adjust the parameters of the Box-Cox transformation-based ARFNNs. Simulation results show the superiority of the proposed method for the nonlinear MR damper systems with outliers and skewness noises.
Study on One-Dimensional Scanning Semiconductor Lidar
Authors: Tian Zhao Shuo , Sun Lan Jun , Liu Li Bao , Cui Zi Hao , Fu Shi You
Published: March 2013

Forward looking collision avoidance radar has been extensively researched by domestic and external. Two-dimensional scanning and controlling method can be applied to front-visual automobile collision avoidance lidar to acquire intensity image and range profile of the targets. But it has some disadvantages of complex system, large volume, high cost and it is difficult in practical applications. In comparison to two-dimensional scanning image system, one-dimensional scanning image lidar cannot reconstruct 3D image of target, whereas the imaging speed is much more rapid due to less scanning points. In this work, a one-dimensional scanning semiconductor imaging lidar system was developed, which was composed of laser system, optical system, scanning system, detecting system and signal processing system. Real-time intensity images of black and white stripe targets were obtained in the laboratory. The study results provided foundation for further practical application. This lidar system owns the advantages of simple structure, high speed imaging, low cost, etc. It can be promisingly applied in forward looking automotive collision avoidance lidar system.
Self-Tuning RBFNs Mobile Robot Systems through Bacterial Foraging Particle Swarm Optimization Learning Algorithm
Authors: Joug Shian Ming , Feng Hsuan Ming , Guo Dong Hui
Published: March 2013

A radial basis function neural networks (RBFNs) mobile robot control system is automatically developed with the image processing and learned by the bacterial foraging particle swarm optimization (BFPSO) algorithm in this paper. The image-based architecture of robot model is self-generated to travel the routing path in the dynamical and complicated environments. The visible omni-directional image sensors capture the surrounding environment to represent the behavior model of the mobile robot system. Three parameterize RBFNs model with the centers and spreads of each radial basis function, and the connection weights to solve the mobile robot path traveling and routing problems. Several free parameters of radial basis functions can be automatically tuned by the direct of the specified fitness function. In additional, the proper number of radial basis functions of the constructed RBFNs can be chosen by the defined fitness function which takes this factor into account. The desired multiple objectives of the RBFNs control system are proposed to simultaneously approach the shorter path and avoid the unexpected obstacles. Evaluations of PSO and BFPSO show that the developed RBFNs robot systems skip the obstacles and efficiently achieve the desired targets as soon as possible.
Scaling Issues of Micro Catalytic Reactors
Authors: Leu Tzong Shyng , Li Shun Yi
Published: March 2013

Micro catalytic combustors are studied experimentally. Microchannels, coated with Pt catalytic walls and columns were fabricated to investigate microscale catalytic reaction. This microscale reaction enhancement by Pt catalytic surface area is characterized by increasing outlet gas temperature with the increase of surface-to-volume ratio. It is found that the reaction efficiency improvement by Pt catalytic columns will extend the operation conditions especially for smaller microchannel size.
Reliable Cluster-Based Routing Algorithms in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Kim Si Gwan
Published: March 2013

With advanced micro-electromechanical technology, the development of small-size, low-cost, and low-power sensors that possess sensing, signal processing and wireless communication capabilities is becoming popular than ever. To achieve the energy efficiency in the wireless sensor networks, LEACH has been proposed as a routing protocol, composing of a few clusters, each of which consists of member nodes that sense the data, and head nodes that deliver the collected data from member nodes to a sink node. When wireless link error occurs, LEACH may miss some messages because of only one cluster head. As our proposed scheme manages two cluster heads for each cluster, there should be higher probabilities for messages to reach the sink node. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm provides more robust than LEACH when wireless link error occurs.
Reaching Agreement in a Dual Fallible Cluster-Based Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Wang Shu Ching , Yan Kuo Qin , Ho Chin Ling , Wang Shun Sheng
Published: March 2013

The reliability of the distributed system has been an important topic of research. Agreement problem plays a key role in the design of reliable distributed system, which allow the correct nodes to agree on a common value, have been brought up to aid the reliable execution of tasks. However, most existing agreement protocols are no longer practical in the wireless sensor network. In this paper, agreement problem is reexamined in a cluster-based wireless sensor network (CWSN). The purposed protocol can make all correct nodes reaching agreement with two rounds of message exchange and tolerant the maximal number of allowable fallible components.
New Type Small-Angle Sensor Based on Multiple Total Internal Reflections and Attenuated Total Reflections in Heterodyne Interferometry
Authors: Wang Shinn Fwu , Tsai Hung Shing , Chau Yuan Fong , Yang Way Ne , Liu An Li , Kao Fu Hsi
Published: March 2013

In this paper, a new type small-angle sensor based on multiple total internal reflections and attenuated total reflections in heterodyne interferometry is presented. The small-angle sensor is designed as a reflective elongated prism that is made of BK7 glass. The shorter-side surface of the reflective elongated prism was coated with 2nm Ti-film and 45.5nm Au-film, but the longer-side surface of that was not coated with metal films. With the new type small-angle sensor, the small rotation angle can be obtained only by measuring the phase difference between the p-and s-polarization lights due to the multiple attenuated total-internal reflections (MATRs) and total-internal reflections (TIRs) effects. Its angular resolution can reach 0.000000295 radian at least. The new type small-angle sensor has some merits, e.g., high resolution, high sensitivity, stability, and in real-time test, etc.
Visualization in a Virtual Laboratory: An Approach Using a Collaborative Simulation for Electro-Mechanical System
Authors: Kim Sung Joo , Lee Na Ri , Lee Jae Hyun , Mok Hyung Soo
Published: March 2013

In an electro-mechanical integration system where loads consist of a mechanical system, the electrical system specification and configuration will depend on the mechanical system. Therefore, inaccurate parameters of the mechanical system will make difficult the selection of electrical system specification and the effective controller design. Of these, the controller design often adopts an experimental method or a method using numerical analysis. With such methods, however, it is difficult to predict the actual system in advance followed by specification selection and controller design. Hence, to perform a faster and more accurate modeling of the system, a collaborative analysis is required for two physically different systems in a virtual space. In the present article, a method of an electro-mechanical collaborative analysis is proposed for an elevator door drive system. From mechanical load modeling using simulation, an electrical requirement specification has been derived. In addition, a C++-based collaboration program has been developed that can connect mutually different physical domains according to the proposed collaborative analysis procedures. The proposed modeling technique and program have been verified through simulation and experimental result.
Assembly Sequence Planning Based on Max-Min Ant Colony System
Authors: Yu Jia Peng , Wang Cheng En
Published: March 2013

An assembly sequence planning (ASP) method that combined the advantages of ant colony system (ACS) and Max-Min ant system (MMAS) is proposed. To identify the best sequence easily, five optimization criterions are automatically quantified, including reorientation, parallelism, continuity, stability and auxiliary stroke, and then integrated into the multi-objective heuristic and fitness functions of ant colony optimization (ACO). To improve the search capability for the global-best sequence, several measures are presented from aspects of determining number of ant, max-min pheromone limits, performance appraisal for initial components allocation and the group method for same components. The ASP algorithm based on Max-Min ant colony system (MMACS) is proposed. An assembly planning system AutoAssem is developed based on Siemens NX platform, and the actual effectiveness of each optimization measure is testified through case study of a valve.
Design and Experiment of Iterative Learning Controller Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Approach with New Bounded Constraints Technique
Authors: Huang Yi Cheng , Li Yi Hao , Li Shu Ting
Published: March 2013

This paper utilizes the Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) with bounded constraints technique for adjusting the gains of a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and Iterative Learning Control (ILC) controllers. This study compares the conventional ILC-PID controller with proposed IPSO-ILC-PID controller. A cycloid trajectory for mimicking the real industrial motion profile is applied. Two system plants with nonminimum phase are numerically simulated. Proposed IPSO with bounded constraints technique is evaluated on one axis of linear synchronous motor (LSM) with a PC-based real time controller. Simulations and experiment results show that the proposed controller can reduce the error significantly after two iterations.
Extension of Elementary Siphons in a Class of Generalized Petri Nets
Authors: Hou Yi Fan , Li Zhi Wu , Zhao Mi , Liu Ding
Published: March 2013

This work presents an effective method on computing strict minimal siphons and elementary siphons based on the concept of initial resource weighted digraphs for a class of generalized Petri nets, namely WS3PR. In addition, the controllability conditions of dependent siphons are developed. Monitors are added for the elementary siphons only and the controllability of a dependent siphon is ensured by properly supervising its elementary siphons. Through fully investigating the structure of the net, especially weight information, the set of elementary siphons obtained by the proposed method is more compact and well suits for WS3PR. An example is illustrated to demonstrate the proposed method.
Fuzzy Simplex-Type Sliding-Mode Control
Authors: Chen Ta Tau , Kuo Sung Chun
Published: March 2013

In this paper, a novel fuzzy simplex sliding-mode controller is proposed for controlling a multivariable nonlinear system. Here, the fuzzy logic control (FLC) algorithm and simplex sliding-mode control (SSMC) theory are integrated to improve the system states response and to reduce system states chattering phenomenon of the controlled system for simplex control method. Hence, from this motivation yields the so-called fuzzy simplex sliding mode control (FSSMC) scheme. the fuzzy logic control algorithm and simplex sliding mode control algorithm is integrated to improve the system states response and chattering phenomenon. In this paper, at first, we introduce the principle of simplex method, and then develop the fuzzy controls based on the simplex method. Finally, a numerical example is proposed to illustrate the advantages of the proposed controllers, the simulation results demonstrate that the fuzzy simplex type sliding mode control scheme is a good solution to the chattering problem in the simplex sliding mode control.
MRF Hydraulic Mount System of Coach and Research of its Fuzzy Control
Authors: Zhang Yang , Chen Zhao Bo , Jiao Ying Hou
Published: March 2013

Current coach mainly use the passive rubber mount system to isolate vibration, it’s hard to meet the engine broadband range isolation requirements. In order to reduce the coach engine vibration’s influence on the ride comfort and operational stability, it’s proposed that a magnetorheological fluid powertrain mount system. Set up the six degrees of freedom dynamic model and 1/4 engine single freedom vibration model. Design a fuzzy controller, which the input is dynamic exciting force and second order main frequency, the output is control current. Simulate the three types systems with the help of software of MATLAB/SIMULINK and Fuzzy control toolbox. The result shows that when fuzzy controller works, adjustable damping effect is obvious, it can attenuate vibration in large degree. The magnetorheological hydraulic mount with the fuzzy control ,compared with rubber mount and traditional hydraulic mount, has better isolation effect. Its damp can be controlled real-time, and it can be effective in isolation within the broadband.
PID Controller Tuning by Differential Evolution Algorithm on EDM Servo Control System
Authors: Trias Andromeda , Yahya Azli , Syahrullail Samion , Baharom Ameruddin , Nor Liyana Safura Hashim
Published: March 2013

Maintaining gap between Electrode and workpiece in Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is very important since the capability of control system to keep the gap will improve the performance of this machine. Therefore to maintain the gap, a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller is designed and applied to EDM servo actuator system. The objective of this work is to obtain a stable, robust and controlled system by tuning the PID controller using Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. The controller for EDM die sinking is verified by simulation of the control system using MATLAB/Simulink program. Simulation results verify the capabilities and effectiveness of the DE algorithm to search the best configuration of PID parameters controller to control the electrode position.
Pitch Attitude Control Design of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle via Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation
Authors: Sun Yun Ping , Liang Yen Chu
Published: March 2013

This paper describes an investigative hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) effort through virtual instrumentation on longitudinal control of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller and fuzzy logic controller (FLC) are designed for the pitch angle hold mode of autopilot; moreover, they are implemented by an embedded real-time control system as a prototype autopilot and tested by hardware-in-the-loop simulation. The hardware configuration of HILS is composed of a personal computer, an embedded real-time control system, several data acquisition devices, servo and sensor unit. The real-time control and data acquisition tasks in HILS is carried out by virtual instruments that is developed by graphical programming language LabVIEW. HILS provides a platform for researchers to correct and improve their design efficiently. The closed-loop performance between PID controller and FLC is evaluated in HILS. The results demonstrate that in the presence of unmodelled dynamics and nonlinear saturation the FLC has an excellent robust performance.
Robust Adaptive Controller Design for a Quadrotor Helicopter
Authors: Yang Kuang Shine , Cheng Chi Cheng
Published: March 2013

The quadrotor helicopter is designed to easily move in particular environments because it can take off and land in limited space and easily hover at a fixed location. For this reason, a robust adaptive sliding mode controller is developed to control of a quadrotor helicopter in the presence of external disturbances and parameter uncertainties. The quadrotor helicopter system is a typical underactuated system, which has fewer independent control actuators than degrees of freedom to be controlled. The main contribution here is to afford simulation and verification for the quadrotor helicopter flight controller under the assumption of unknown parameters. By utilizing the Lyapunov stability theorem, we can achieve asymptotic tracking of desired reference commands for the quadrotor helicopter, which is subject to both external disturbances and parametric uncertainties. From the simulation results, the controller was sufficient to achieve position and attitude control of the quadrotor helicopter system, which permits possible real time applications in the near future.
Texture Evaluation of Sol-Gel Derived Mesoporous Bioactive Glass
Authors: Chou Yu Jen , Shih Chi Jen , Shih Shao Ju
Published: March 2013

Recent years mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) have become important biomaterials because of their high surface area and the superior bioactivity. Various studies have reported that when MBGs implanted in a human body, hydroxyl apatite layers, constituting the main inorganic components of human bones, will form on the MBG surfaces to increase the bioactivity. Therefore, MBGs have been widely applied in the fields of tissue regeneration and drug delivery. The sol-gel process has replaced the conventional glasses process for MBG synthesis because of the advantages of low contamination, chemical flexibility and lower calcination temperature. In the sol-gel process, several types of surfactants were mixed with MBG precursor solutions to generate micelle structures. Afterwards, these micelles decompose to form porous structures after calcination. Although calcination is significant for contamination, crystalline and surface area in MBG, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, only few systematic studies related to calcination were reported. This study correlated the calcination parameters and the microstructure of MBGs. Microstructure evaluation was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption/desorption. The experimental results show that the surface area and the pore size of MBGs decreased with the increasing of the calcination temperature, and decreased dramatically at 800°C due to the formation of crystalline phases.
Robust Control Design Based-On Integral Sliding-Mode Control
Authors: Feng Chieh Chuan , Yin Li Peng , Chang En Chih
Published: March 2013

This paper proposes a robust control design based-on integral sliding-mode and H2–norm performance criterion to handle a class of time-varying systems with perturbations including non-linearities and disturbances. The stabilization problems for such systems are studied: integral slid-ing-mode is designated to completely nullify the matched perturbations and, in the meantime, elim-inate the reaching phase to the sliding surface, while H2–norm is a robust linear control measured for system on the sliding surface. In addition to the integral sliding mode control, the contribution of the paper is to implement a parameter-dependent Lyapunov function for H2–norm robust linear control that the overall designed system is less conservative for the system with both matched and unmatched perturbations.
Robust Exponential Stability for Uncertain Neutral Systems with Interval Time-Varying Delay and Nonlinear Perturbations
Authors: Chen Jenq Der , Chen Ruey Shin , Lee Chin Tan , Lu Chien
Published: March 2013

In this paper, the robust exponential stability problem is investigated for a class of neutral systems with interval time-varying delay and nonlinear perturbations. Based on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals in conjunction with Leibniz-Newton formula, novel LMI-based delay-dependent and delay-independent criteria are proposed to guarantee the robust exponential stability with a convergence rate for our considered systems. Finally, numerical examples are illustrated to show the improved results from using the proposed method.
Signed-Distance Fuzzy Sliding Mode Position Control for an Energy-Saving Electro-Hydraulic Control System
Authors: Chiang Mao Hsiung , Cheng Chung Chieh , Lee Liang Wang , Jiang Maoh Chin , Lin Jhih Hong
Published: March 2013

Electro-Hydraulic pump-controlled servo systems that have high energy-efficiency can serve as energy-saving system. This paper aims to investigate the servo performance of the electro-hydraulic pump-controlled systems driven by an AC servo motor with variable rotational speed. A constant displacement axial piston pump is used in this research. Thus, the new hydraulic pump-controlled system with an AC motor servo and a constant displacement axial piston pump is investigated for position control of hydraulic servo machines. For that, this paper also develops the control strategy, sign-distance fuzzy sliding mode control, which can simplify the fuzzy rule base through the sliding surface. The developed high response variable rotational speed pump-controlled systems controlled by SD-FSMC are implemented and verified experimentally for positioning control in different stroke and loading conditions.
Sliding Mode Control for the Dual-Excited and Steam-Valving Control of Synchronous Generator
Authors: Chang Yao Te , Wen Chih Chin , Lin Shi Wei , Chen Yat Chen
Published: March 2013

Based on the sliding mode control (SMC) technique, a design of the sliding surface for the dual-excited and steam-valving control of the synchronous generators with matched and mismatched perturbations is proposed in this paper. By utilizing some constant gains designed in the sliding surface function, not only are the mismatched perturbations overcomed during the sliding mode, but also the property of asymptotical stability of the rotor angle and the voltage is achieved at the same time. Simulations have demonstrated that the control scheme is robust against the disturbances.
Sliding-Mode Tracking Control of a Precision Stage
Authors: Shen Jing Chung , Yan Chau Chia
Published: March 2013

This work concerns the development of a sliding-mode tracking controller for a precision positioning stage. This stage is supported by cross roller guides, therefore, one of the main disturbances during dynamic motion is the friction force. In order to overcome the effect of friction, an integral sliding-mode controller with friction disturbance estimation scheme is designed to control the motion of the stage. Comparing with conventional PID controllers, the experimental results show that with this controller the tracking errors can be reduced significantly.
Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Estimator Design for Adaptive Vector Control Systems
Authors: Wang Shun Yuan , Tseng Chwan Lu , Lin Shou Chuang , Chou Jen Hsiang , Chen Chih Chen
Published: March 2013

This paper presents an adaptive pseudo reduced-order Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy flux estimator for the induction motor direct field orientation control system. The estimator gain can be obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to estimate the rotor flux accurately. It is well known that, because of changes in temperature, variations of stator and rotor resistances affect the accuracy of rotor flux estimation. To resolve this problem, a cerebellar model articulation proportional integral controller (CMAPIC) is proposed to estimate the stator and rotor resistances during temperature variations. These estimated quantities, including stator and rotor resistances, are taken as the T-S fuzzy flux estimator inputs, so that the flux estimation is uninfluenced by these parameter variations. Thus the estimators enhance the robustness of the system. Moreover, this work uses a cerebellar model articulation controller to estimate the rotor speed, which is fed back to the adaptive supervisory fuzzy cerebellar model articulation speed controller (ASFCMAC) to achieve the speed sensor-less control.
The Influence of Ti and Al Additions on the Mechanical Response of Cobalt Superalloy
Authors: Chen Tao Hsing
Published: March 2013

The effect of titanium and aluminum contents, strain, strain rate and tested temperatures on the mechanical properties and microstructural properties will be investigated in this study. These cobalt base super alloys are to be tested using material testing system (MTS) at strain rates of 10-3, 10-2 and 10-1s-1 and at temperatures of 700°C, 500°C and 25°C respectively. It is found that the flow stress increases with increasing strain rate and Ti and Al contents, but decreases with increasing temperature. Furthermore, the strain rate sensitivity increases with increasing strain rate, but decreases with increasing temperature. The microstructural observations confirm that the mechanical response of the cobalt superalloy specimens is directly related to the effects of the titanium and aluminum contents, strain rate and temperature on the evolution of the microstructure. It can be observed that the strengthening effect in cobalt suprealloy is a result primarily of dislocation multiplication. The dislocation density increases with increasing strain rate, but decreases with increasing temperature.
Design of Robust and Non-Fragile Kalman Filter with Polytopic Uncertainties: PLMI Approach
Authors: Yang Seung Hyeop , Kim Joon Ki , Park Hong Bae
Published: March 2013

In this paper, we describe the synthesis of robust and non-fragile Kalman filter design for a class of uncertain linear system with polytopic uncertainties and filter gain variations. The sufficient condition of filter existence, the design method of robust non-fragile filter, and the measure of non-fragility in filter are presented via LMIs(Linear Matrix Inequality) technique. And the obtained sufficient condition can be represented as PLMIs(Parameterized Linear Matrix Inequalities) that is, coefficients of LMIs are functions of a parameter confined to a compact set. Since PLMIs generate infinite LMIs, we use relaxation technique, find a finite solution for robust non-fragile filter, and show that the resulting filter guarantees the asymptotic stability with parameter uncertainties and filter fragility. Finally, a numerical example is shown to validate the proposed design method.
Adaptive Temperature Set Point of Air Handling Units Using Fuzzy Logics
Authors: Chen Hsiang Chieh , Lu Chung Hsien
Published: March 2013

Control technology is necessary for air handling units to maintain suitable conditions in buildings that trend to have low energy consumption and operation cost. This study proposes an adaptive scheme of determining temperature set point that is feasible for many existing control methods, such as return- and supply-air temperature feedback control, of air handling units. The implementation procedure and concrete contribution are described below. A wireless sensor network with Zigbee communication protocol is first established. The environmental dry-bulb temperature and humidity are sensed using end nodes while routers and coordinators pass on and collect data. A heat index, called apparent temperature, is then introduced to indicate the human sensation of thermal comfort. By simultaneously considering the environmental and targeted apparent temperature, an adaptive temperature set point of each air handling unit is derived using fuzzy logics. Next, the proposed scheme is employed to an air conditioning system, in which the PID control method is used in determining the quantity of chilled water entering the cooling coil. Experimental results demonstrate the achievement of stable variation of apparent temperature ranging in a thermal comfort region for occupants. Furthermore, the power consumption of chillers is reduced since the quantity of chilled water used in heat transfer is decreased.
High Performance Power Conditioning System Using Dynamic-Game-Theory-Based Variable Structure Controller
Authors: Chang En Chih , Cheng Chun An , Chang Chien Hsuan , Cheng Hung Liang
Published: March 2013

In this paper, a variable structure controller based on dynamic game theory is proposed to reduce the effects of parameter variations, and external disturbances caused by uncertain systems. The variable structure controller (VSC) is a popular method for tracking control, since it can offer robustness to parameter variations, and external disturbances. However, the chattering problem occurs. The chattering may cause the degraded system performance and poor tracking control. Thus, the dynamic game theory is applied in VSC, to quickly, and precisely enforce the system states to the sliding surface, thus reducing the chattering. The stability and the convergence of the overall system are confirmed by the Hamiltonian function. The control algorithm has been realized for the actual power conditioning system (PCS) controlled by a TMS320F2812 DSP. With this proposed controller, an example that the controlled PCS under nonlinear loads yields the better robustness in performance. Experimental results validate the theoretical analysis.
Developing an Expert System of Failure Analysis
Authors: Ho Yeong Ho , Wang Huei Sen , Wang Hei Chia
Published: March 2013

An Equipment Failure Analysis Expert System (EFAES) is to be developed to help the engineers diagnose the causes of the failure mechanism and provide a reliable remedy. This system is based on an innovative reasoning approach: integrating the rule-based reasoning (RBR) and the case-based reasoning (CBR) methods The architecture developed in the system consists of six major elements-“Factor and Attribute Editor”, Knowledge Actuation Interface”, “Knowledge Base”, “User Interface”, “Inference Engine” and “Explanation Facility”. Here, the RBR system consists of 46 failure mechanisms and their rules. The CBR system consists of 586 failure cases which are coded and composed from 23 factors and their 265 attributes. Also, this system provides a variety of inference methods which allows retrieving the best answers to users. For the RBR system, performance is directly check the inferred order of the document ranking list. For the CBR system, the effectiveness of each inference method is evaluated by using “Recall”, “Precision”, and “F-Measure” approaches. From the test results, many recommendations are proposed.
GA Based Hybrid Fuzzy Rule Optimization Approach for Elevator Group Control System
Authors: Chen Ta Cheng , Hsu Yuan Yong , Lee An Chen , Wang Shiang Yu
Published: March 2013

Elevators are the essential transportation tools in high buildings so that Elevator Group Control System (EGCS) is developed to dynamically layout the schedule of elevators in a group. In this study, a fuzzy rules based intelligent elevator group control system has been proposed in which the structure of rules including the related parameters are generated optimally based on the traffic data so as to maximize service quality. In literature, the fuzzy related approaches have been applied in EGCS but the fuzzy rules were all pre-defined. However, how to create the most suitable fuzzy rule set in EGCS for dispatching elevators more efficiently and economically are never discussed in literature. The aim of the proposed approach is to minimize the average waiting time at peak hours as well as to minimize the power energy at off-peak hours by using the proposed fuzzy rule based ECGS. Moreover, there are many decision variables are considered in the GCGS to provide the most appropriate elevator assignment whenever any hall call is given. These variables include the number of elevators, traffic flow, direction, passenger preferences (for instance, department stores, hospitals, hotels, and office buildings), congestion and VIP priority floor, etc. In this study, a fuzzy rule based elevator-dispatching approach has been proposed for the EGCS in which the fuzzy rules and related parameters are derived optimally by using genetic algorithm based on the historical elevator transportation data. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed approach is superior to these of traditional approaches in literatures.
Performance Improvement of Wild Flower Boundary Extraction in Complex Background
Authors: Li Xiang Hua , Lee Hyo Haeng , Chung Kwang Woo , Hong Kwang Seok
Published: March 2013

The performance of an automatic system for extracting flower boundaries for ten different types of wild flowers has been improved. The proposed flower boundary extraction method consists of three major procedures: the detection of four edge points, boundary tracing and performance improvement part. The flower boundary extraction part involves a new technique for automatically identifying the boundary of a flower in an image. An Intelligent Scissor algorithm is applied for boundary tracing. The color gradient magnitude and Canny edge detection are analyzed and included as the cost terms of the Intelligent Scissor algorithm. The color gradient magnitude cost term is implemented so that it can act directly on the three components of the color image. For the third procedure, we implement performance improvement. The main advantage of the proposed method was that when the program detected the wrong four edge points, using the mouse the correct positions could be clicked. The proposed method was applied to 500 photos of 10 different flowers, with 50 photos of each flower all in a complex background. The experimental results showed an extraction rate of 79.4%, which was better than before.
Thermal Annealing Effects Study on Electrical and Structural Properties for Ni-Au/n-GaN Schottky Contacts
Authors: Wang Chi Yu , Shiao Hung Pin , Shieh Po Wei , Chang Hsin Hua
Published: March 2013

Abstract. The effects of thermal annealing on the electrical and interfacial structure properties of Ni/Au on n-type GaN Schottky contacts were investigated by current-voltage (I-V) . Based on the I-V measurement study, it was found that the Schottky barrier height increased when the contact was annealed in the 300 °C – 400 °C temperature range. A drastic improvement of the Schottky barrier height was attained by thermal annealing at 400 °C for 10 minutes. However, it degraded when the annealing temperature exceeded 500 °C. The contact annealed at 550 °C showed nonrectifying behavior. For this paper, the GaN metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) ultraviolet photodetectors were fabricated using Ni/Au Schottky contacts. As expected, compared with the MSM detector without the thermal annealing process, the dark current of the MSM device with the 400 °C thermal annealing process drastically decreased as much as three orders of magnitude, due to the enhancement of the Schottky barrier height
A Low Power CMOS Bulk-Controlled Sub-Harmonic Mixer for LTE-Advanced Applications
Authors: Wei Hung Che , Hsiao Chih Lung
Published: March 2013

In this paper, a 3.5 GHz CMOS sub-harmonic mixer for LTE-advanced applications is presented. The mixer with the bulk-controlled technique improves the linearity and mitigates the power of the local oscillator. The proposed mixer is implemented by tsmc 0.18 μm Mixed Signal RF CMOS 1P6M process and consumes 2.2 mA from a 1.2 V supply. The proposed mixer operates at 3.5GHz LTE-advanced bands and achieves maximum input third-order intercept point (IIP3) of 2.3dBm, power conversion gains of 1.3 dB.
A Single-Switch HPF AC-to-DC Converter with Low Voltage Ripple
Authors: Cheng Hung Liang , Chang Chien Hsuan , Cheng Chun An , Chang En Chih , Yu Li Ren
Published: March 2013

This paper proposed a single-stage single-switch ac-to-dc converter which is derived by integrating a boost converter and a flyback converter. Only one active switch and simple control are required. The boost converter performs as a power-factor corrector (PFC) which is designed to operate at discontinue-conduction mode (DCM) to makes the input current be a sinusoidal waveform and in phase with the input voltage. High power factor and low total current harmonic distortion (THD) are ensured. The flyback converter further regulates the output voltage of the boost converter to provide an isolated dc voltage with low voltage ripple. The flyback converter is designed to operate at continue-conduction mode (CCM) to have the transformer current of a low peak value. It will be effectively reduce the switching stress and the switching losses of semiconductor components. The paper conducts the mathematical equations for the converter circuits, and then designing the circuit parameters. A prototype circuit designed for a 100 W output power was built and tested. Satisfactory results are obtained experimentally.
A Study of Eliminating the Protective Coordination Curve Intersection of Electromechanical Overcurrent Relays in Subtransmission Systems
Authors: Lee Liang Cheng , Lu Ying
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a practical new method to quickly and effectively eliminate coordination curve intersection problems in subtransmission systems resulting from improper protective coordination settings in electromechanical overcurrent relays. Firstly, a database representing the relay operating characteristics was constructed based on the electromechanical overcurrent relay characteristic curves published by the manufacturer. Then, combining with this database, a fixed-point coordination curve adjustment procedure dedicated to electromechanical overcurrent relays was proposed to tackle the curve intersection situation of the coordinated upstream and downstream relay pair appearing in the original design. In addition to correcting manmade errors that could cause unexpected widespread power outages when fault occurs, the proposed technique can also enhance the effectiveness and accuracy of coordination. This study also simulated an actual case in Taiwan Power Company to verify the feasibility and practicality of the proposed method.
A VLSI Architecture of 2-D Discrete Wavelet Transform for Reducing Computation Time
Authors: Hsieh Chin Fa , Tsai Tsung Han , Liu Cheng Chung
Published: March 2013

In this paper, we propose an efficient VLSI architecture for implementing the forward two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform (2D DWT), which is computed without utilizing the traditional method of rows-by-columns or columns-by-rows. On account of the relation form within the original data, we apply masks of different window sizes to the transform and design the architecture based on these different window masks. On the comparison of the computing time, the proposed architecture requires only N*N/4 clock cycles for an N*N image, while it takes N*N clock cycles for the traditional row-by-column/column-by-row 2D DWT. The proposed architecture has a better performance than other designs reported in the literature.