bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of vibration generated by demolition work on irradiation position accuracy of stereotactic radiotherapy system
Authors: Tanaka Kaname , Suzuki Junji
Published: May 2022

Purpose

One existing building, adjacent to the radiotherapy building, where stereotactic radiation was done, was to be demolished to give space for the construction of a new building. However, we were concerned that the vibrations generated by this demolition work, which occurred within 2 m from the radiotherapy building, would affect the radiation position accuracy of the radiotherapy machine.

Methods

To determine whether radiotherapy could be performed safely during the demolition period, we performed simulation tests involving the vibrations generated during demolition, measured these vibrations, and verified their effect on the irradiation position accuracy of the stereotactic radiotherapy system. For effective evaluations, tests were conducted assuming the maximum vibrations that could occur during actual demolition work.

Results

The maximum displacement of the vibrations generated by the simulated demolition work was 3.30 µm on the floor of the treatment room and 4.68 µm at the ceiling.

Conclusions

The results of the vibration measurements exceeded the limits of the criteria applicable to the electron beam system. However, the accuracy of the irradiation position of the stereotactic radiotherapy system remained unchanged during these vibrations. Therefore, the vibrations had no impact on radiotherapy safety, and radiotherapy was continued during the demolition work while coordinating with the demolition workers as necessary.
Raman Scattering Measurement of Suspended Graphene under Extreme Strain Induced by Nanoindentation
Authors: Won Kyuyeon , Lee Chanwoo , Jung Jaehyuck , Kwon Sanghyuk , Gebredingle Yisehak , Lim Jang Gyun , Kim Moon Ki , Jeong Mun Seok , Lee Changgu
Published: May 2022

Graphene is known as a superstiff and extremely strong material. Hence, applying strains greater than 1% to graphene and simultaneously measuring changes in its physical properties has been challenging because of the limited methodologies for measuring both high strain and other physical properties. Here, Raman scattering measurement of suspended graphene under extremely high biaxial strain as large as 6.1% using an atomic force microscopy (AFM)–Raman spectroscopy measurement tool is reported. Nanoindentation is performed using AFM tips machined to have a flat top and a hole shape, resulting in a strained graphene area sufficiently large to enable the acquisition of a Raman signal. At the same time, the laser light is focused on the strained flat area of the graphene membrane. The Raman signals of the G and 2D bands of graphene are redshifted by 282 and 684 cm−1, respectively, which is unprecedented for graphene. This measurement technique provides an effective methodology to measure variations in the physical properties of atomically thin materials under superhigh strain.
Electric‐Tunable Photoluminescence of 2D ErOCl for High‐Security Encryption of Programmable Information
Authors: Chen Ping , Li Dongyan , Li Zexin , Pi Lejing , Xu Xiang , Wang Haoyun , Zhou Xing , Zhai Tianyou
Published: May 2022

High‐security encryption has always been important in economic and military fields as well as in daily life. 2D van der Waals (vdW) rare‐earth (RE) materials have advantages in photoluminescence (PL) modulation to achieve high‐security encryption because of their multiple sharp emission peaks, which will facilitate the multimode regulation for high‐security encryption of programmable information. Here, programmable information encryption has been achieved by applying 2D vdW ErOCl via the editable electric‐tunable PL. The correct information encoded in PL outputs can be tactfully decrypted from the PL intensity ratio of 2H11/2–4I15/2 and 4S3/2–4I15/2 transitions. This strategy for ASCII codes and images encryption with high‐security is demonstrated. This novel approach, PL modulation of 2D vdW RE material based on programmable electric inputs, will mark a new path to achieve high‐security encryption.
Aqueous‐Printed Ga2O3 Films for High‐Performance Flexible and Heat‐Resistant Deep Ultraviolet Photodetector and Array
Authors: Ding Mengfan , Liang Kun , Yu Shunjie , Zhao Xiaolong , Ren Huihui , Zhu Bowen , Hou Xiaohu , Wang Zhiwei , Tan Pengju , Huang Hong , Zhang Zhongfang , Ma Xiaolan , Xu Guangwei , Long Shibing
Published: May 2022

High deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) sensitivity and excellent flexibility of ultrathin gallium oxide (Ga2O3) film with an ultrawide bandgap endow its extreme propensity in flexible DUV photodetector especially for space exploration and wearable electronics. However, an efficient strategy with high throughput and low cost is highly deficient to realize flexible and robust Ga2O3 DUV photodetectors to face potential harsh environments. In this work, flexible and heat‐resistant Ga2O3 DUV photodetectors based on optimized inkjet printing with environmental‐friendly aqueous solvent are demonstrated. The dynamic evolution from Ga(NO3)3 precursor to crystalline Ga2O3 film has been explicitly uncovered. Photodetectors based on printed ultrathin Ga2O3 films on rigid substrate exhibit outstanding performance, including high photo‐to‐dark current ratio about 106, considerable responsivity of 1.3 A W−1, superior detectivity of 1.46 × 1014 Jones, and fast decay time of 0.026 s under 254 nm illumination. In addition, flexible devices on mica substrate not only retain outstanding photoelectrical performance, but also demonstrate excellent mechanical flexibility and thermal stability. Moreover, benefiting from the uniformity of the pixels by high‐throughput inkjet printing, the Ga2O3 DUV photodetector array presents excellent sharp‐imaging capability. This work provides a feasible strategy for printable, flexible, and harsh‐environment‐resistant Ga2O3 DUV photodetectors toward space exploration and wearable electronics.
Activation of cGAS‐STING by Lethal Malaria N67C Dictates Immunity and Mortality through Induction of CD11b+Ly6Chi Proinflammatory Monocytes
Authors: Du Yang , Luo Yien , Hu Zhiqiang , Lu Jiansen , Liu Xin , Xing Changsheng , Wu Jian , Duan Tianhao , Chu Junjun , Wang Helen Y. , Su Xin‐zhuan , Yu Xiao , Wang Rong‐Fu
Published: May 2022

Cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) play critical roles in the innate immunity against infectious diseases and are required to link pathogen DNA sensing to immune responses. However, the mechanisms by which cGAS‐STING‐induced cytokines suppress the adaptive immune response against malaria infections remain poorly understood. Here, cGAS‐STING signaling is identified to play a detrimental role in regulating anti‐malaria immunity. cGAS or STING deficiency in mice markedly prolongs mouse survival during lethal malaria Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis N67C infections by reducing late interleukin (IL)‐6 production. Mechanistically, cGAS/STING recruits myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and specifically induces the p38‐dependent signaling pathway for late IL‐6 production, which, in turn, expands CD11b+Ly6Chi proinflammatory monocytes to inhibit immunity. Moreover, the blockage or ablation of the cGAS‐STING‐MyD88‐p38‐IL‐6 signaling axis or the depletion of CD11b+Ly6Chi proinflammatory monocytes provides mice a significant survival benefit during N67C and other lethal malaria‐strain infections. Taken together, these findings identify a previously unrecognized detrimental role of cGAS‐STING‐MyD88‐p38 axis in infectious diseases through triggering the late IL‐6 production and proinflammatory monocyte expansion and provide insight into how targeting the DNA sensing pathway, dysregulated cytokines, and proinflammatory monocytes enhances immunity against infection.
Sugarcane yield prediction and genotype selection using unmanned aerial vehicle‐based hyperspectral imaging and machine learning
Authors: Poudyal Chiranjibi , Costa Lucas Fideles , Sandhu Hardev , Ampatzidis Yiannis , Odero Dennis Calvin , Arbelo Orlando Coto , Cherry Ronald H.
Published: May 2022

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. interspecific hybrids), a high biomass perennial crop, in which manual data collection for early yield prediction, through its growth cycle (∼12 mo long), is labor intensive and time consuming. Alternately, aerial imagery can be explored to predict yield‐related components and high‐throughput phenotyping for genetic selection. In this study, aerial imagery and ground data were collected in Stage IV (final stage of genotype selection) of the Florida sugarcane cultivar development program to evaluate the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in yield prediction (tons of cane per hectare [TCH], sucrose concentration, and tons of sugar per hectare [TSH]) in multiple new genotypes (13 in plant cane crop, nine in first ratoon crop). Aerial imagery data were collected using hyperspectral sensor, and yield data were collected through manual sampling of sugarcane stalks at harvest. The gradient‐boosting regression tree model was selected based on low mean absolute percentage error on multiple dates (April, July, and September) to determine the best timing of yield predictions. Results showed that yield was predicted with greater accuracy in July in plant crop and April in the first ratoon crop. Also, sucrose percentage was predicted with greater accuracy (94% in plant crop and 93% in first ratoon crop) than TCH and TSH. Although only two out of the top five genotypes were common in both selection methods (measured vs. predicted yields) in Stage IV, high accuracy in TCH and sucrose percentage shows that aerial imagery may be useful in making genotype selection in early stages when actual yield estimation is not feasible.
From Stable PH‐Ylides to α‐Carbanionic Phosphines as Ligands for Zwitterionic Catalysts
Authors: Zur Jana‐Alina , Schmidt Michelle , Feichtner Kai‐Stephan , Duari Prakash , Löffler Julian , Scherpf Thorsten , Gessner Viktoria H.
Published: May 2022

Although ylides are commonly used reagents in organic synthesis, the parent methylphosphine MePH2 only exists in its phosphine form in the condensed phase. Its ylide tautomer H3P+−CH2− is considerably higher in energy. Here, we report on the formation of bis(sulfonyl)methyl‐substituted phosphines of the type (RO2S)2C(H)−PR2, which form stable PH ylides under ambient conditions, amongst the first examples of an acyclic phosphine which only exists in its PH ylide form. Depending on the exact substitution pattern the phosphines form an equilibrium between the PH ylide and the phosphine form or exist as one of both extremes. These phosphines were found to be ideal starting systems for the facile formation of α‐carbanionic phosphines. The carbanion‐functionalization leads to a switch from electron‐poor to highly electron‐rich phosphines with strong donor abilities and high basicities. Thus, the phosphines readily react with different electrophiles exclusively at the phosphorus atom and not at the carbanionic center. Furthermore, the anionic nature of the phosphines allows the formation of zwitterionic complexes as demonstrated by the isolation of a gold(I) complex with a cationic metal center. The cationic gold center allows for catalytic activity in the hydroamination of alkyne without requiring a further activation step.
Supported Anionic Gold Nanoparticle Catalysts Modified Using Highly Negatively Charged Multivacant Polyoxometalates
Authors: Xia Kang , Yatabe Takafumi , Yonesato Kentaro , Yabe Tomohiro , Kikkawa Soichi , Yamazoe Seiji , Nakata Ayako , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Suzuki Kosuke
Published: May 2022

Although supported anionic gold nanoparticle catalysts have been theoretically investigated for their efficacy in activating O2 in aerobic oxidation reactions, limited studies have been reported due to the difficulty of designing these catalysts. Herein, we developed a feasible method for preparing supported anionic gold nanoparticle catalysts using multivacant lacunary polyoxometalates with high negative charges. We confirmed the strong and robust electronic interaction between gold nanoparticles and multivacant lacunary polyoxometalates, and the electronic states of the supported gold nanoparticle catalysts can be sequentially modulated. Particularly, the catalyst prepared using [SiW9O34]10− acted as an efficient reusable heterogeneous catalyst, showing superior catalytic performance for the oxidative dehydrogenation of piperidone derivatives to the corresponding enaminones and remarkably higher stability than supported gold nanoparticle catalysts without this modification.
Synthesis, characterization, in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic studies of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) complexes obtained from Schiff base ligands of 1, 2, 3, 4‐tetrahydro‐naphthalen‐1‐ylamine
Authors: Devi Jai , Sharma Som , Kumar Sanjeev , Kumar Binesh , Kumar Deepak , Jindal Deepak Kumar , Das Souvik
Published: May 2022

The transition metal complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) with bidentate Schiff base ligands (HL1−5) were obtained from condensation of 1, 2, 3, 4‐tetrahydro‐naphthalen‐1‐ylamine with methanolic solution of 3‐hydroxy‐salicylaldehyde, 4‐hydroxy‐salicylaldehyde, 5‐bromo‐salicylaldehyde, 3,5‐dibromo‐salicylaldehyde, and 2‐hydroxy‐1‐napthaldehyde. The synthesized compounds were structurally elucidated by spectral and physical methods. The spectral characterization emphasized bidentate nature (NO) of Schiff base ligands which gets chelated with metal via nitrogen atom of imine group and deprotonated oxygen of salicylaldehyde/2‐hydroxy‐1‐napthaldehyde group to form octahedral geometry around metal atom. Thermal results supported that the complexes are stable upto 200°C leaving metal oxide as an end products. The reported compounds (1–25) in this series were screened against the bacterial strains, that is, two Gram positive: Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, two Gram negative: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, and two fungal strains: Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger and their results that indicated moderate to good activity with compounds 20 and 21 having good antimicrobial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] value 0.0269–0.0067 μmol/ml) as compared with control drugs ciprofloxacine and fluconazole. Furthermore, cytotoxic studies of synthesized compounds were carried out against three human cancer cell lines: HCT‐116 (colon), A549 (alveolar), and MCF‐7 (breast) using standard drug paclitaxel. The results demonstrated that compounds 1 (IC50 values = 12.93, 15.13, 17.24), 3 (11.9, 9.29, 12.64), 9 (17.06, 20.06, 22.87), 14 (16.21, 18.47, 20.00), and 25 (17.54, 17.21, 20.23) for three cancer cell lines were found to be most potent candidates among the synthesized compounds.
New mixed‐ligand iron(III) complexes containing thiocarbohydrazones: Preparation, characterization, and chemical reactivity analysis through theoretical calculations
Authors: Kaya Yeliz , Erçağ Ayşe , Kaya Savaş , Katin Konstantin P. , Atilla Devrim
Published: May 2022

Five new mixed ligand Fe(III) complexes, namely, [FeL1(acac)] (L1Fe), [FeL2(acac)] (L2Fe), [FeL3(acac)] (L3Fe), [FeL4(acac)] (L4Fe), and [FeL5(acac)] (L5Fe), were synthesized from the reaction of iron(III) acetylacetonate with [ONS] donor dibasic tridentate symmetrical bisthiocarbohydrazone ligands. Synthesized mixed ligand Fe(III) complexes were characterized with infrared spectra, UV‐Vis spectra, mass spectra, elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and thermogravimetric analysis. The molar conductance measurement in DMF solution confirmed that the complexes are nonelectrolytic. TGA analysis results showed that the thermal stability of the ligands and complexes was high. Antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging activity of the mixed ligand Fe(III) complexes were investigated using CUPRAC and the DPPH radical scavenging method. Mixed ligand Fe(III) complexes showed higher antioxidant activity than ligands and reference compound. Popular conceptual density functional parameters like hardness, electrophilicity, dipole moment, and chemical potential for new ligands and their Fe(III) complexes were calculated and discussed. Chemical reactivity and stabilities of the studied chemical systems were analyzed with the help of well‐known electronic structure principles like maximum hardness principle (MHP), hard and soft acid–base (HSAB) principle, minimum polarizability principle, and minimum electrophilicity principle. L1Fe, which has the highest chemical hardness value, is the most stable complex according to MHP.
Performance enhancement of bio‐based rubber composites using epoxidized natural rubber for silica without carbon emissions and volatile organic compounds
Authors: Wang Zixuan , Li Yanguo , Song Weixiao , Wu Xiaohui , Zhang Liqun
Published: May 2022

Tire development tendency is green, environment‐friendly, and safeguarding life and health. The conventional tires, consisting of solution polymerized styrene‐butadiene rubbers (SSBR), silica, silane coupling agents, and other rubber additives, will not be able to keep up with the demand. SSBR, as a synthetic rubber processed from nonrenewable petroleum resources, creates a large amount of carbon emissions in the production process and the reaction between silica and silane coupling agents generates a large amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which is detrimental to the environment and human health. In this article, epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) with different epoxide degrees was successfully prepared and blended with natural rubber (NR)/silica composites to improve the dispersion of silica and the performance of nanocomposites. The effect of heat treatment temperature on the reaction between ENR and silica and the dynamic and static mechanical properties of ENR/NR/silica nanocomposites was investigated by mechanical properties test, transmission electron microscopy, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared. The results showed that the epoxy groups on the ENR molecular chain could react with the silanol on the surface of silica to form a strong chemical bond, which improved the dispersion of silica in the rubber matrix and further enhanced the performance of the rubber composites without carbon emission and VOCs.
Transcriptome analysis ofMythimna separata: De novo assembly and detection of genes related to beta‐cypermethrin resistance
Authors: Li Min , Li Rong‐Rong , Zhao Chen‐Jing , Lei Ting , Wang Guo‐Bin , Hu Yan‐Hua
Published: May 2022

The oriental armywormMythimna separata(Walker) is a devastating pest of cereal crops mainly in Asia and Oceania and recently become resistant to beta‐cypermethrin (beta‐CP). However, molecular biological studies of its response to beta‐CP are scarce, and related genomic information is not available. In this study, we sequenced and de novo assembled the transcriptome of beta‐CP susceptibleM. separata(MsS‐whole, abbr. MsS‐W). A total of 30,486 unigenes were obtained, with an N50 length of 506 bp. A number of 21,051 unigenes were matched to public databases, of which 10,107 were classified into 59 gene ontology subcategories, 5792 were assigned into 25 clusters of orthologous groups of proteins subgroups and 12,123 were assigned to 257 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. A total of 729 simple sequence repeats were detected. In addition, a total of 323 cytochrome P450‐associated sequences from nine lepidopterous species, of which 130 were fromM. separata, were analyzed using the maximum likelihood method and Bayesian inference. Among the 130 cytochrome P450‐associated sequences fromM. separata, 60 were dropped into CYP3 clan, which is associated with metabolizing xenobiotics and plant natural compounds. Furthermore, the beta‐CP susceptible (MsS‐2) and resistant (MsR‐2)M. separatapopulation transcriptomes were sequenced. Certain critical genes involved in beta‐CP detoxification were detected and verified by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Collectively, our results provided a basis for further studies of the molecular mechanism of insecticide resistance inM. separata.
Hollow Spherical ZnO with Mesoporous Shell for Highly Enhanced Gas Sensitivity and Selectivity
Authors: Liu Yao , Liu Jing , Yu Wenbei , Peng Yao , Yan Wei , Li Yu , Zhang Jiujun
Published: May 2022

In this work, ZnO hollow spheres (ZnO‐HS) with mesoporous shells were successfully synthesized via a facile two‐step method. The hollow structure provides sufficient space and active sites for adsorbing gases. The mesoporous shells assembled from nanoparticles facilitate the diffusion of gas molecules into the inner space and ensure full contact with ZnO. Consequently, ZnO‐HS‐600 gas sensors deliver a satisfactory response to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and an excellent response‐recovery time at the optimal working temperature of 300 °C, i. e., acetone (9 and 5 s), ethanol (10 and 6 s), and methanol (12 and 14 s), respectively. By combining the theoretical calculation and the experimental observation, the relationship between the structure and performance has been established. The results demonstrate that ZnO‐HS‐600 materials meet the regional depletion condition, i. e., L2Ls, further explaining its superior response‐recovery time. Our work provides a prospective strategy for high‐performance ZnO gas sensors via structural design and theoretical calculations.
Red emissive ternary europium complexes: synthesis, optical, and luminescence characteristics
Authors: Dalal Anuj , Nehra Kapeesha , Hooda Anjli , Singh Devender , Kumar Sumit , Malik Rajender Singh
Published: May 2022

Solid ternary europium complexes consisting of fluorinated β‐diketone (thenoyltrifluoroacetone, TTFA) and heteroaromatic bidentate auxiliary ligands were synthesized. The luminescence features of the complexes were estimated using various spectral measurements and clearly proved that the Eu3+ ion is efficiently sensitized by ligands by an antenna effect. Photoluminescence excitation spectra have shown that Eu(III) complexes are excited effectively in the ultraviolet (UV) region and the corresponding emission spectra consist of characteristic peaks attributed to the 5D0→7FJ transitions of the europium ion with the strongest emission peak at 611 nm (5D0→7F2). From photoluminescence (PL) data, decay time, Judd–Ofelt parameters, transition rates, and quantum efficiency of the complexes were also determined. The Commission Internationale de l'éclairage (CIE) colour coordinates indicated the bright red emission of ternary europium complexes. Correlated colour temperature values indicated the utilization of these complexes in display devices. Judd–Ofelt and photophysical parameters were also estimated theoretically using LUMPAC software. Various frontier molecular orbitals and their respective energy were determined. These red emissive europium complexes could be utilized for fabricating solid‐state lighting systems.
Residue levels, household processing evolution, and risk assessment of chlorothalonil, SDS‐3701, metalaxyl, and dimethomorph in Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo
Authors: Zhao Honglei , Hou Huizhen , Hu Jiye
Published: May 2022

Dendrobium officinale, a minor crop with medicinal and edible value, is increasingly consumed by people, but the pesticide residues on it have received little attention. In this work, field trials were conducted under good agricultural practice conditions to investigate the residues of chlorothalonil, SDS‐3701, metalaxyl, and dimethomorph in D. officinale; then the evolution of these pesticides after household processing was studied. The results indicated that chlorothalonil, SDS‐3701, metalaxyl, and dimethomorph were 2.41–30.12, 0.20–1.23, 0.07–0.80, and 0.19–7.90 mg kg−1, respectively, in stems at recommended preharvest interval (30 days). Washing and soaking removed the pesticides in fresh stems with processing factors 0.41–1.14 and 0.12–1.13, respectively. In the brewing test, the transfer rates of pesticides in dry stems decreased from the first time (4.27–95.40%) to the third time (3.89–15.57%). Intake risk assessments were also conducted, and the risk quotients were no more than 27.02% for all compounds in different samples, which indicated acceptable risks for consumers. As effective risk‐reducing home‐processing methods, washing, soaking, and multiple brewing were suggested in this work, hoping to help consumers with diet safety.
Impact of race‐specific screening guideline on the uptake of colorectal cancer screening among young African Americans
Authors: Tak Hyo Jung , Pan I‐Wen , Halpern Michael T. , Shih Ya‐Chen Tina
Published: May 2022

Background

African Americans (AAs) have had lower colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates, higher incidence rate, and earlier mean age at onset. The 2017 U.S. Multi‐Society Task Force (MSTF) recommended initiating CRC screening at age 45 for AAs and age 50 for non‐AAs.

Objective

To investigate the impact of the 2017 MSTF's race‐specific guidelines on CRC screening rate among young AAs.

Design, setting, and participants

We used the 2015 and 2018 National Health Interview Survey to provide nationally representative estimates. The study sample included adults aged between 45 and 75 without a history of CRC, excluding screening recipients for diagnosis or surveillance purposes.

Main measures

The outcome is a binary variable of CRC screening. Primary independent variables were age and race category (non‐AAs aged 45–49, AAs 45–49, non‐AAs 50–75, AAs 50–75), a binary variable indicating before or after the 2017 MSTF guideline (2015 vs. 2018), and their interaction terms. We employed a multivariable logistic model, adjusting for individual characteristics, and accounting for complex survey design.

Key results

Among the total sample (n = 21,735), CRC screening rate increased from 54.6% in 2015 to 58.5% in 2018 (p < 0.01). By age and race, the screening rate exhibited an increase for all age and race groups except for young non‐AAs. Compared to young non‐AAs, the adjusted predicted probability (APP) of screening for young AAs was significantly higher by 0.10 (average marginal effect, 0.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.01–0.19) in 2018, while the difference was insignificant in 2015. Racial differences in screening among older adults were not significant in both years. The CRC screening rate was substantially lower among young AAs compared to older AAs (17.2% vs. 65.5% in 2018).

Conclusion

The race‐specific recommendation is an effective policy tool to increase screening uptake and would contribute to reducing cancer disparities among racial/ethnic minorities.
Removal of Trace Plant Antibiotics from Water Systems by Adsorption: A Review
Authors: Battak Normalija , Kamin Zykamilia , Bahrun Mohd Hardyianto Vai , Chiam Chel Ken , Peter Elysandra , Bono Awang
Published: May 2022

Plant antibiotics in water are considered an emerging issue due to their interference with human health. Antibiotics protect crops from diseases; however, low levels of antibiotics are found in wastewater due to their incomplete removal. Several treatment methods are available, but with limitations such as high operation and maintenance costs and the formation of toxic by‐products. Antibiotic removal by adsorption is an alternative method, being a low‐energy process with simple operation, mainly if used with carbonaceous adsorbents. Antibiotic removal was fit to a wide variety of isotherm and kinetic models, with the Freundlich isotherm as the most employed one. This paper aims to review the use of the adsorption process in the removal of plant antibiotics from water systems.
Supervisors' overtime hours, abusive supervision and leader–member exchange: How supervisors' long work hours harm their relationships with subordinates
Authors: Afota Marie‐Colombe , Vandenberghe Christian
Published: May 2022

The current research examines the consequences of supervisors' overtime hours on subordinates. Drawing upon the stressor‐emotion model of counterproductive behaviors, we argue that supervisors' overtime hours positively relate to abusive supervision behaviors through negative emotions, which in turn undermine leader–member exchange relationships. We further posit that this process is exacerbated among subordinates with a strong relational self‐concept. Multisource multilevel data collected from an organizational sample of 181 employees and longitudinal data from 416 employees from multiple organizations support our predictions. This research indicates that the consequences of working overtime extend beyond supervisors, as subordinates may be negatively affected when their supervisors work long hours. We discuss implications for both theory and practice.
Real‐world risk factors of confirmed or probable COVID‐19 in Americans with diabetes: A prospective, community‐based study (iNPHORM)
Authors: Ratzki‐Leewing Alexandria , Black Jason E. , Ryan Bridget L. , Harris Stewart B.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Americans with diabetes are clinically vulnerable to worse COVID‐19 outcomes; thus, insight into how to prevent infection is imperative. Using longitudinal, prospective data from the real‐world iNPHORM study, we identify the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors of confirmed or probable COVID‐19 in people with type 1 or 2 diabetes.

Methods

The iNPHORM study recruited 1206 Americans (18–90 years) with insulin‐ and/or secretagogue‐treated type 1 or 2 diabetes from a probability‐based internet panel. Online questionnaires (screener, baseline and 12 monthly follow‐ups) assessed COVID‐19 incidence and various plausible intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Multivariable Cox regression was used to model the rate of COVID‐19 (confirmed or probable). Risk factors were selected using a repeated backwards‐selection ‘voting’ procedure.

Results

A sub‐sample of 817 iNPHORM participants (type 1 diabetes: 16.9%; age: 52.1 [SD: 14.2] years; female: 50.2%) was analysed between May 2020 and March 2021. During this period, 13.7% reported confirmed or probable COVID‐19. Age, body mass index, number of chronic comorbidities, most recent A1C, past severe hypoglycaemia, and employment status were selected in our final model. Body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 versus <30 kg/m2 (HR 1.63 [1.05; 2.52]95% CI), and increased number of comorbidities (HR 1.16 [1.05; 1.27]95% CI) independently predicted COVID‐19 incidence. Marginally significant effects were observed for overall A1C (p = .06) and employment status (p = .07).

Conclusions

This is the first US‐based epidemiologic investigation to characterize community‐based COVID‐19 susceptibility in diabetes. Our results reveal specific and promising avenues to prevent COVID‐19 in this at‐risk population. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04219514.
Intra‐aortic balloon pump impacts the regional haemodynamics of patients with cardiogenic shock treated with femoro‐femoral veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Xu Bo , Li Chenglong , Cai Tong , Cui Yongchao , Du Zhongtao , Fan Qiushi , Guo Dong , Jiang Chunjing , Xing Zhichen , Xin Meng , Wang Pengcheng , Wang Liangshan , Yang Feng , Jia Ming , Wang Hong , Hou Xiaotong
Published: May 2022

Aims

To investigate the impact of intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) on the regional haemodynamics of patients with severe cardiogenic shock undergoing femoro‐femoral veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO).

Methods and results

From July 2017 to April 2018, a total of 39 adult patients with cardiogenic shock receiving both IABP and ECMO for circulatory support were enrolled consecutively in a university‐affiliated cardiac surgery intensive care unit. The blood flow rates (BFRs) of the bilateral femoral artery (IABP side: iFA, ECMO side: eFA) and carotid artery (left: LCA, right: RCA) and the velocity time integral (VTI) of aortic root were assessed by ultrasonography and compared when IABP was on and off. Seventeen of 39 (43.6%) patients survived to discharge, and 29 (74.4%) survived on ECMO. A total of 172 pairs of data (IABP on and off) were collected in this study, measured on the median of 2.0 (1.0, 4.5) days after patients received VA‐ECMO. The BFR on both sides of FA (iFA: 176.4 ± 104.5 vs. 152.2 ± 139.8 mL/min, P < 0.01; eFA: 299.3 ± 279.9 vs. 242.4 ± 258.8 mL/min, P < 0.01) and the aortic VTI (10.1 ± 4.4 vs. 8.5 ± 4.4 cm, P < 0.01) decreased significantly when turning the IABP off, while the BFR on both sides of CA remained unchanged (LCA: 555.7 ± 326.9 vs. 578.6 ± 328.0 mL/min, P = 0.27; RCA: 550.0 ± 331.1 vs. 533.0 ± 303.5 mL/min, P = 0.30). The LCA BFR dramatically increased after turning the IABP off (296.8 ± 129.7 vs. 401.4 ± 278.1 mL/min, P = 0.02) in patients with cardiac stunning (defined as pulse pressure ≤ 5 mmHg). However, there was no significant difference in LCA BFR between IABP‐On and IABD‐Off (359.6 ± 105.4 mL/min vs. 389.6 ± 139.3 mL/min, P = 0.31) in patients with cardiac stunning receiving a higher ECMO blood flow (> 3.5 L/min).

Conclusions

Concomitant IABP used in patients undergoing femoro‐femoral VA‐ECMO was associated with increased aortic VTI and BFR in bilateral FA. The change in CA BFR depended on cardiac function. A decreased LCA BFR was observed in patients with cardiac stunning when IABP was turned on, which might be compensated by a higher ECMO blood flow. Further study is needed to confirm the relationship between BFR and extremities and neurological complications.
Geochemical characteristics of shoreline sediments from the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh: Implications for provenance and source‐rock weathering
Authors: Hossain H. M. Zakir , Kamei Atsushi , Araoka Daisuke
Published: May 2022

The detrital mode and geochemical composition of sediments from a coastal section of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh, were examined to identify sediment distribution, maturity, provenance and source‐area weathering. The sediments are quartz‐rich with little feldspar and few lithic fragments (Q78F10L12), indicating derivation from a quartzose recycled orogen. The sediments exhibit high SiO2 (88–94 wt%) and low Al2O3 (4–5 wt%) contents. SiO2 shows a marked linear trend and strong negative correlation with Al2O3 (r = −0.95), consistent with the high quartz content. The upper continental crust (UCC) normalization patterns for the sediments show marked depletion in Na2O, CaO, MgO, Sr, Sc and Fe–V, but slightly increased Th and SiO2, indicating a felsic UCC source. The sediments have low to moderate compositional maturity and are classified as sublitharenite. The Al2O3/TiO2 ratio (15–38) suggests that the sediments were derived from intermediate to felsic igneous rocks. Rare‐earth element profiles, discrimination diagrams and various elemental ratios are all consistent with the derivation of the sediment from a felsic igneous source area. The values of the chemical index of alteration (~65–69), chemical index of weathering (~75–84) and plagioclase index of alteration (~70–81) indicate that the source rocks underwent moderate chemical weathering. Comparison with potential Himalayan sediment sources and rocks support derivation of the investigated shoreline sediments from felsic quartzose recycled detritus of that area.
Stepping into adulthood during a recession: Did job losses during the Great Recession impact health of young adults?
Authors: Alam Shamma Adeeb , Bose Bijetri
Published: May 2022

This is the first study to comprehensively examine the impact of job losses during the Great Recession on mental health, physical health, health behavior, and risky health behavior of young adults (ages 18–27). We employ U.S. longitudinal data with individual fixed effects to control for time‐invariant factors that may bias the results. We find that job losses during the recession of young adults living by themselves led to increased onset of doctor‐diagnosed mental health problems and worries related to jobs. Poorer individuals suffered more from increased worries, obesity, and binge drinking. In contrast, for those living with their parents, job loss of young adults did not negatively affect their own health. Instead, fathers' job losses led to worse mental health, physical health, and health behavior for young adults. Overall, the results suggest that when living on their own, young adults were responsible for their households' livelihood, and consequently, own job losses led to stress and negative health outcomes. However, when living with parents, they were financially reliant on their parents. Therefore, own job losses did not affect health, but job losses of fathers, the primary income earners for most households, worsened the health of young adults.
College Students' Conceptualizations of Academic Reading: What Metaphors Suggest About the Important Role of Purpose in College Reading and Learning
Authors: Theriault Jennifer C.
Published: May 2022

An important part of college learning is the ability to comprehend complex texts. Research indicates that epistemic beliefs—views about what knowledge is like and how people come to know—may guide readers' goals and behaviors. Metaphor is a tool for uncovering individual's beliefs. This article reports on a study examining 90 beginning university students' conceptualizations—broad‐based understandings and views—of academic reading through collecting metaphors and explanations. Through metaphor analysis, collective patterns of three themes emerged: consumption, obligation, and destination. Threaded across themes was the notion of compliance. Implications center on how college faculty who teach beginning college students might support students' learning in college through (re)examining intentionality of reading in their courses, providing purposeful, specific assignments to accompany reading, and using metaphors to communicate the purposes of reading. Findings from this study, overlayed with previous research, present a need to emphasize the purpose of academic reading tasks in college reading and learning.
Multiple relapses into opiate and crack misuse among people in recovery: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Klein Maike , Dixon Jeremy , Butler Catherine
Published: May 2022

Relapsing multiple times back into opiate and crack cocaine misuse significantly increases the risk for overdose death, of which rates continue to soar worldwide. This study aims to provide an in‐depth understanding of opiate and crack relapse from the lived experience perspectives of people in recovery from substance misuse. Semi‐structured interviews were held, and interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings revealed two superordinate themes which highlighted the impact of relapse on an individual's sense of self, their conceptualizations of relapse, and their approach to recovery thereafter. The study offers implications and future directions for mental health authorities and addiction professionals.
Cumulative Endogenous Estrogen Exposure Is Associated With Postmenopausal Fracture Risk: The Women's Health Initiative Study
Authors: LeBlanc Erin S , Hovey Kathleen M , Cauley Jane A , Stefanick Marcia , Peragallo Rachel , Naughton Michelle J , Andrews Christopher A , Crandall Carolyn J
Published: May 2022

We aimed to evaluate the relationship between cumulative endogenous estrogen exposure and fracture risk in 150,682 postmenopausal women (aged 50 to 79 years at baseline) who participated in the Women's Health Initiative. We hypothesized that characteristics indicating lower cumulative endogenous estrogen exposure would be associated with increased fracture risk. We determined ages at menarche and menopause as well as history of irregular menses from baseline questionnaires and calculated years of endogenous estrogen exposure from ages at menarche and menopause. Incident clinical fractures were self-reported over an average 16.7 years of follow-up. We used multivariable proportional hazards models to assess the associations between the estrogen-related variables and incidence of any clinical fracture. In fully adjusted models, those with the fewest years of endogenous estrogen exposure (<30) had an 11% higher risk of developing central body fractures and a 9% higher risk of lower extremity fractures than women with 36 to 40 years of endogenous estrogen exposure (the reference category). In contrast, women with the most years of endogenous estrogen exposure (more than 45 years) had a 9% lower risk of lower extremity fractures than the reference category. Women with irregular (not monthly) menstrual cycles were 7% to 8% more likely to experience lower extremity fractures than women with regular monthly cycles. Our findings support the hypothesis that characteristics signifying lower cumulative endogenous estrogen exposure are associated with higher fracture risk. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Genetic counseling and diagnostic genetic testing for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and/or frontotemporal dementia: A qualitative study of client experiences
Authors: Crook Ashley , Jacobs Chris , Newton‐John Toby , McEwen Alison
Published: May 2022

Genetic counseling and diagnostic genetic testing is part of the multidisciplinary care of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, commonly called motor neurone disease, MND) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We explored client experiences of genetic counseling and diagnostic testing to inform the care of future families. Semi‐structured interviews with individuals with ALS/MND/FTD or their relatives were conducted. The study was designed to include a wide variety of participants with varying disease status and abilities. Genetic counseling and diagnostic testing experiences were explored using interpretive description methodology. Bioecological theory was used as the framework for the reflexive thematic analysis. Eighteen individuals with ALS/MND/FTD or their relatives from 13 Australian families participated. Three themes were identified: sharing knowledge, (un)supportive care, and ‘circumstance is everything’. Consistent with bioecological theory, one’s genetic counseling experience was informed by individual circumstances, time, and proximal factors. These informed the level of information and support required in the genetic counseling process. Although some client circumstances cannot be changed, efforts could be made to enhance genetic counseling experiences by improving interactions between the client and their care team. Some clients may benefit from further discussions regarding the familial implications of genetic testing, and greater support with family communication. Clients’ needs were derived from the data and will contribute to genetic counseling consensus guidelines.
Identification of clinical candidates against West Nile virus by activity screening in vitro and effect evaluation in vivo
Authors: Tang Hailin , Liu Yang , Ren Ruiwen , Liu Yan , He Yanhua , Qi Zhongtian , Peng Haoran , Zhao Ping
Published: May 2022

The West Nile virus (WNV) is a member of the flavivirus and is known to cause encephalitis. There is currently no specific treatment for WNV infection. Repurposing of clinically approved drugs appeared promising for rapidly identifying effective, safe, and readily available candidates for antiviral drugs. Here, we screened the small‐molecule compounds with anti‐WNV activity from 978 Food Drug Administration‐approved drugs. Four compounds, including cilnidipine, mycophenolate mofetil, nitazoxanide, and teriflunomide, were found to efficiently abrogate WNV infection in Vero cells and human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells. The four compounds also exert broad‐spectrum antiviral activity against the Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, tick‐borne encephalitis virus, and chikungunya virus. Furthermore, nitazoxanide (a synthetic benzamide) and teriflunomide (an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, DHODH) protected 20% and 40% of mice from lethal WNV challenge, respectively. Both drugs, which are orally bioavailable and have been approved clinically for many years, may be promising therapeutics for WNV infection. Moreover, the other two DHODH inhibitors, ML390 and vidofludimus, also displayed potent activity against WNV infection in vitro and in vivo.
T‐stage downstaging of locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is not associated with reduced recurrence after adjusting for tumour characteristics
Authors: Hayes Ian P. , Milanzi Elasma , Pelly Rachel M. , Gibbs Peter , Reece Jeanette C.
Published: May 2022

Background and Objectives

Prior studies examining prognostic outcomes of locally advanced rectal adenocarcinomas achieving a complete pathological response following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) did not adjust for adverse prognostic factors in multivariate analyses and account for magnetic resonance imaging tumour staging inaccuracy pre‐nCRT. We aimed to clarify prognostic outcomes in mT3 rectal adenocarcinomas with ypT‐downstaging post‐nCRT in robust adjusted analyses.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of prospectively‐collected clinical data from 528 mT3 rectal adenocarcinomas ≤12 cm from the anal verge, any N‐stage, no metastases, post‐nCRT following total mesorectal excision (TME). Recurrence outcomes (local and distant combined) of tumours with complete ypT‐downstaging (ypT0) post‐nCRT before TME compared with no ypT‐downstaging (≥ypT3) were examined using multivariate Cox regression, adjusting for confounders and accounting for pre‐nCRT mT3‐staging inaccuracy using bootstrapping.

Results

Complete ypT‐downstaging was achieved in of 17.6% tumours and correlated strongly with complete pathological response. Complete ypT‐downstaging was not associated with reduced recurrence hazards compared with no ypT‐downstaging (hazard ratio = 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23−1.56; p = 0.30). Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and ypN+ve increased recurrence hazards by 1.8‐fold (95% CI: 1.10−2.79; p = 0.02) and 2.3‐fold (95% CI: 1.48−3.54; p = 0.0002), respectively.

Conclusion

Complete ypT‐downstaging was not associated with reduced recurrence after adjusting for confounders and accounting for mT3‐staging inaccuracy, even in the absence of adverse prognostic factors (ypN+, LVI).
Stimulated Raman Histology for Rapid Intra‐Operative Diagnosis of Sinonasal and Skull Base Tumors
Authors: Fitzgerald Conall W.R. , Dogan Snjezana , Bou‐Nassif Rabih , Mclean Tim , Woods Robbie , Cracchiolo Jennifer R. , Ganly Ian , Tabar Viviane , Cohen Marc A.
Published: May 2022

Objective

Intra‐operative stimulated Raman histology (SRH) is a novel technology that uses laser spectroscopy and color‐matching algorithms to create images similar to the formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) section. We aim to assess the accuracy of SRH in a novel range of sinonasal and skull base tumors.

Methods

Select patients undergoing sinonasal and skull base surgery using the Invenio Imaging™ Nio™ Laser Imaging SRH system between June 2020 and September 2021 were assessed. The SRH images were reviewed for pathologic features similar to frozen section (FS) and FFPE. Time taken for results and diagnostic concordance was assessed.

Results

Sixty‐seven SRH images from 7 tumor types in 12 patients were assessed. Pathologies included squamous cell carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, inverted papilloma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, SMARCB1‐deficient sinonasal carcinoma, mucosal melanoma, metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma, and meningioma. Tumor was identified in 100% of lesional specimens, with characteristic diagnostic features readily appreciable on SRH. Median time for diagnosis was significantly faster for SRH (4.3 min) versus FS (44.5 min; p = <.0001). Where SRH sample site matched precisely to FS (n = 32/67, 47.8%), the same diagnosis was confirmed in 93.8%. Sensitivity, specificity, precision, and overall accuracy of SRH were 93.3%, 94.1%, 93.8%, and 93.3%, respectively. Near‐perfect concordance was seen between SRH and FS (Cohen's kappa [κ] = 0.89).

Conclusion

Stimulated Raman histology can rapidly produce images similar to FFPE H&E in sinonasal and skull base tumors. This technology has the potential to act as an adjunct or alternative to standard FS.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 132:2142–2147, 2022