bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High‐performance main‐chain polybenzoxazine composites by incorporating multi‐walled carbon nanotubes with different surfacial structure: Mechanical properties, thermal stability and mechanisms
Authors: Li Xin Kang , Jiang Bing , Wei Cong , Lin Hai Lan , Zhao Wei , Ni Ke Yang , Mu Yan Xiao , Bian Jun , Chen Dai Qiang
Published: July 2023

Herein, multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with different surfacial structure were first designed and synthesized, and then incorporated into main‐chain polybenzoxazine (PBZ) to fabricate PBZ composites. Fourier transform infrared results showed that the ring‐opening crosslinking process of benzoxazine (BZ) oligomer was catalyzed due to the existence of COOH and NH2 groups on the surface of MWCNTs. The enhanced interface interactions between MWCNTs‐fBZ and PBZ contributed to the improvement of the mechanical properties. When the MWCNTs‐fBZ content was 1.5%, the MWCNTs‐fBZ/PBZ composites had excellent tensile strength of 102.64 MPa. The highest impact strength, which was 15.96 kJ/m2 and 64.15% higher than that of neat PBZ at 1.5% MWCNTs‐fBZ was achieved. Through the Halpin‐Tsai equation, combined with the experimental results, the correction factor was obtained to predict the mechanical properties. FESEM observations showed that the dispersion of MWCNTs in the PBZ matrix depended on the functional groups of MWCNTs. TGA tests and Horowitz‐Metzger calculation found that the thermal decomposition temperature of the composites reached 451.7°C and had the highest decomposition activation energy of 153.20 kJ/mol at 2% MWCNTs‐fBZ. In summary, the obtained MWCNTs‐fBZ/PBZ composite showed excellent comprehensive performance and can potentially be used as advanced engineering material in demanding environments.
Visuospatial ability and student approach to learning as predictors of academic performance on written versus laboratory‐based assessments in human anatomy
Authors: Wang Catherine , McWatt Sean C.
Published: July 2023

As hours devoted to human anatomy curricula fall under threat and curricular delivery methods remain in flux, many new teaching innovations are emerging, which require comprehensive evaluation to ensure evidence‐based teaching is maintained. Although grades are the predominant measure of ‘learning’, alternative metrics can assess more nuanced and meaningful outcomes. Two common predictors of students' three‐dimensional understanding of the body and depth of learning are visuospatial abilities and approaches to learning, respectively. This study evaluated and compared the relative predictive power of these metrics on written and laboratory‐based assessments in a human anatomy course. Deep approaches to learning and visuospatial abilities were expected to positively correlate with overall performance, with visuospatial abilities being the more salient predictor, especially on laboratory‐based assessments. Additionally, visuospatial abilities were expected to positively correlate with deep learning approaches and negatively correlate with surface learning approaches. Multiple linear regression models controlling for covariates found that both visuospatial abilities (p = 0.049; p = 0.014) and deep learning approaches (p = 0.001; p = 0.001) were independent significant predictors of final and laboratory‐based grades, while only deep learning approaches were significantly predictive of written grades (p = 0.007). There was no significant relationship between visuospatial abilities and approaches to learning. Given these findings and the increased reliance on visuospatially demanding digital learning activities in anatomy, both metrics should be considered when evaluating the impact of teaching innovations. Further, educators should design learning resources and environments that train visuospatial abilities and promote deeper learning approaches to maximize students' success.
Assessment of the applicability of methods and tools in process systems engineering for fermentation processes
Authors: Brito Rodrigues de Jesus Alexandre , de Carvalho Miranda Júlio Cesar
Published: July 2023

Fermentation is the main process for converting substrates into bioproducts such as ethanol, bioplastics, and different foods and drinks. However, there are numerous challenges associated with the fermentation process in bioreactors and many of them can be solved using simulations based on process systems engineering (PSE). This study's objective is the design and assessment of the applicability of simulations of three fermentation processes (alcoholic, lactic, and propanoic) through their kinetic parameters, using the commercial process system engineering platform Aspen Plus, integrated with a chemical kinetics subroutine made as a Fortran User Model for calculating the process balances. The simulations of fermentation models in Aspen Plus were consistent, considering the experimental models available in the literature. In most cases, the residual standard deviation (RSD) (%) obtained was below 10%, which is acceptable for biotechnological processes. Some cases did not represent the literature models due to the limitations of the simulator (thermodynamics and components), linked with the complexity of the model. The applicability of these models within a commercial simulator, although limited, is therefore valid for the design, analysis, and optimization of complex reactional systems, such as fermentation, which implies quick technological advances, especially regarding bioprocesses. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Application of action observation therapy in stroke rehabilitation: A systematic review
Authors: Zhang Chenping , Li Xiawen , Wang Hongbiao
Published: July 2023

Background

Numerous studies have described the positive effects of action observation therapy (AOT) on motor recovery among patients with stroke. However, there is no standardized procedure for when and how to intervene with AOT.

Objectives

Thus, we reviewed and analyzed previous studies to provide a guideline for the application of AOT in stroke rehabilitation.

Method

We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE from inception to October 31 2022, using title and abstract search terms of “action observation” and “stroke” or “hemiplegia.” Of 4108 potential articles, 29 articles (sample size = 429 in AOT groups; sample size = 423 in control groups) that met inclusion criteria were included in final analyses.

Results

The results suggested starting adjuvant AOT > 23 days after stroke onset and conducting 30–40 min/session, 3–5 times/week for at least 4 weeks.

Conclusion

Based on our results, many factors will impact the effect of AOT on stroke rehabilitation, when to apply (timing) and how to apply (frequency, single, and total duration) should be fully considered when applying AOT as adjuvant therapy in stroke rehabilitation.
Depression diagnosis based on electroencephalography power ratios
Authors: Chang Jinwon , Choi Yuha
Published: July 2023

Background

Depression is a common mental disorder that impacts millions of people across the world. However, its diagnosis is difficult due to the dependence on subjective testing. Although quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) has been investigated as a promising diagnostic tool for depression, the associated results have proven contradictory. The current study determines whether the alpha/beta (ABR), alpha/theta (ATR), and theta/beta (TBR) ratios can serve as biological markers of depression.

Methods

We used open‐access EEG data from OpenNeuro to investigate power ratios in the resting state of 46 patients with depression and 75 healthy controls. Spectral data were extracted by fast Fourier transform at the theta band (4–8 Hz), alpha band (8–13 Hz), and beta band (13–32 Hz). Neural network, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the diagnostic accuracies of each suggested index. Additionally, the cutoff point, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value at the maximized Youden index were compared for each variable.

Results

Decreased anterior frontal, frontal, central, parietal, occipital, and temporal ABR and decreased central and parietal TBR were observed in the depression group. The area under the curve of the ROC curves further revealed that these ratios could all effectively differentiate depression. In particular, the central, frontal, and parietal ABR exhibited high discrimination scores. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the Beck Depression Inventory and Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory scores, as well as the probability of depression, increased with a decrease in the central ABR. Moreover, neural network analysis revealed that the global ABR was the most effective index for diagnosing depression among the three global EEG power ratios.

Conclusions

The central, frontal, and parietal ABR represent potential biomarkers to differentiate patients with depression from healthy controls.
Clinical characterization of epilepsy in children with chromosomal aberration 47, XXY
Authors: Chen Congjie , Luo Yuanyuan , Hou Xueqing , Li Tingsong
Published: July 2023

Objective

The phenotype of the chromosomal aberration 47, XXY exhibits considerable heterogenicity. In addition, epilepsy is extremely uncommon in individuals with this chromosomal disorder. As a result, the clinical characteristics of epilepsy in these patients remain poorly understood.

Methods

Clinical data and the evolution of epilepsy in a boy diagnosed with chromosomal aberration 47, XXY were collected and analyzed. Furthermore, a systematic literature review was conducted to examine the relationship between chromosomal aberration 47, XXY and epilepsy in children.

Results

We identified a novel phenotype associated with the chromosomal anomaly 47, XXY in a 2‐year‐2‐month‐old boy who presented with self‐limited epilepsy with autonomic seizures at onset, followed by developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy with spike‐wave activation in sleep (D/EE‐SWAS), which was responsive to corticosteroid treatment. Including the present case, we analyzed 21 cases of children diagnosed with epilepsy due to the presence of the 47, XXY chromosomal anomaly. The most common types of epilepsy were focal combined generalized epilepsy (n = 9), epileptic spasms (n = 6), and generalized epilepsy (n = 4). There were six cases of infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS) (n = 5) and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (n = 1), one case of Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, and one case of D/EE‐SWAS. Apart from corticosteroids in IESS, 15 antiseizure medications (ASMs) were prescribed to eight children in this cohort, with valproate (n = 5) being the most frequently used.

Conclusions

The epilepsy types and syndromes associated with the chromosomal anomaly 47, XXY demonstrated considerable heterogeneity. Among the observed phenotypes, IESS and focal epilepsy, which displayed partial responsiveness to multiple ASMs, were the most prevalent.
An HGF‐dependent positive feedback loop between bladder cancer cells and fibroblasts mediates lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis
Authors: Li Yuting , Zheng Hanhao , Luo Yuming , Lin Yan , An Mingjie , Kong Yao , Zhao Yue , Yin Yina , Ai Le , Huang Jian , Chen Changhao
Published: July 2023

Background

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a vital role in facilitating tumor progression through extensive reciprocal interplay with cancer cells. Tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the critical mediators involved in the crosstalk between cancer cells and stromal cells, contributing to the metastasis of cancers. Yet, the biological mechanisms of tumor‐derived EVs in triggering CAFs phenotype to stimulate the lymph node (LN) metastasis of bladder cancer (BCa) are largely unknown. Here, we aimed to explore the effects and molecular mechanisms of tumor‐derived EV‐mediated CAFs phenotype in regulating BCa LN metastasis.

Methods

The high‐throughput sequencing was utilized to identify the crucial long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) associated with CAF enrichment in BCa. The functional role of the transition of fibroblasts to CAFs induced by LINC00665‐mediated EVs was investigated through the in vitro and in vivo assays. Chromatin isolation by RNA purification assays, fluorescence resonance energy transfer assays, cytokine profiling and patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) model were performed to explore the underlying mechanism of LINC00665 in the LN metastasis of BCa.

Results

We found that CAFs are widely enriched in the tumor microenvironment of BCa, which correlated with BCa lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis. We then identified a CAF‐associated long non‐coding RNA, LINC00665, which acted as a crucial mediator of CAF infiltration in BCa. Clinically, LINC00665 was associated with LN metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with BCa. Mechanistically, LINC00665 transcriptionally upregulated RAB27B expression and induced H3K4me3 modification on the promoter of RAB27B through the recruitment of hnRNPL. Moreover, RAB27B‐induced EVs secretion endowed fibroblasts with the CAF phenotype, which reciprocally induced LINC00665 overexpression to form a RAB27B‐HGF‐c‐Myc positive feedback loop, enhancing the lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis of BCa. Importantly, we demonstrated that blocking EV‐transmitted LINC00665 or HGF broke this loop and impaired BCa lymphangiogenesis in a PDX model.

Conclusion

Our study uncovers a precise mechanism that LINC00665 sustains BCa LN metastasis by inducing a RAB27B‐HGF‐c‐Myc positive feedback loop between BCa cells and fibroblasts, suggesting that LINC00665 could be a promising therapeutic target for patients with LN metastatic BCa.
Shades of awe: The role of awe in consumers' pro‐environmental behavior
Authors: Kaplan Begum , Miller Elizabeth G. , Iyer Easwar S.
Published: July 2023

Climate change is a critical issue right now. Despite substantial work in academia examining this issue, more solutions are needed to encourage consumers to engage in more pro‐environmental behavior. In the current research, we explore the ability of awe, a unique and powerful self‐transcendent emotion, to motivate pro‐environmental behavior and green consumption. Using different methods to induce awe and assess the effect of awe on consumers' pro‐environmental behavior, we conducted three experimental studies. Across our studies, our results show that when consumers feel awe, they are more likely to engage in pro‐environmental behavior and consumption. Further, we distinguish among three kinds of awe (awe of nature, awe of God, and awe from man‐made wonders) and show that awe arising from nature and from God increases pro‐environmental behavior more than awe from man‐made wonders. In addition, a series of mediation analyses show that the effects distinguishing different sources of awe are best accounted for by different mediators rather than one common mediator; specifically these relationships are mediated by consumers' feelings of small self (i.e., diminished self‐concept) and their level of spirituality, respectively. Implications for how marketers and practitioners can best utilize the power of awe for encouraging pro‐environmental behavior are discussed.
Acute decompensated heart failure after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A case report
Authors: Kim Hong Nyun , Yang Dong Heon , Park Bo Eun
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical Message

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TVAI) is a widely used treatment modality for severe aortic stenosis. The complication rates of the procedure have gradually decreased over time, owing to the improvements in procedural skills and development of TVAI devices. However, several rare but serious complications can still occur after TAVI. We recently encountered acute decompensated heart failure as a rare and fatal complication of TAVI and would like to share our experience.
Surgical reconstruction for spheno‐orbital meningioma extending into the sphenoid sinus with hyperostosis
Authors: Maki Toshihito , Ito Eiji , Saito Kiyoshi , Saito Ryuta
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical Message

Spheno‐orbital meningiomas (SOMs) are complex tumors that grow and extend into nearby structures. SOM tumor growth is often associated with hyperostosis caused by tumor cell infiltration and bone alteration. We describe the case of a 64‐year‐old man with SOM that extended into the sphenoid sinus without a direct connection between the intracranial and extracranial lesions. This report emphasizes the importance of identifying the growth patterns of SOMs and assessing the paranasal sinuses adjacent to the hyperostotic orbit walls from preoperative images.
Chemische Transportreaktionen
Authors: Wunsch Jonas Florian
Published: July 2023

Die folgende Aufgabe befasst sich mit chemischen Transportreaktionen, die in vielen technischen Prozessen wie der Metallreinigung und der Kristallzüchtung Anwendung finden. Zunächst wird das allgemeine Prinzip erläutert und die Richtung der Stoff‐ und Energietransporte diskutiert. Abschließend wird mit der Halogenlampe ein typisches Beispiel für Transportreaktionen behandelt.
Oscillating neural circuits: Phase, amplitude, and the complex normal distribution
Authors: Urban Konrad N. , Bong Heejong , Orellana Josue , Kass Robert E.
Published: July 2023

Multiple oscillating time series are typically analyzed in the frequency domain, where coherence is usually said to represent the magnitude of the correlation between two signals at a particular frequency. The correlation being referenced is complex‐valued and is similar to the real‐valued Pearson correlation in some ways but not others. We discuss the dependence among oscillating series in the context of the multivariate complex normal distribution, which plays a role for vectors of complex random variables analogous to the usual multivariate normal distribution for vectors of real‐valued random variables. We emphasize special cases that are valuable for the neural data we are interested in and provide new variations on existing results. We then introduce a complex latent variable model for narrowly band‐pass‐filtered signals at some frequency, and show that the resulting maximum likelihood estimate produces a latent coherence that is equivalent to the magnitude of the complex canonical correlation at the given frequency. We also derive an equivalence between partial coherence and the magnitude of complex partial correlation, at a given frequency. Our theoretical framework leads to interpretable results for an interesting multivariate dataset from the Allen Institute for Brain Science.
Feasibility and preliminary effect of a couple‐based posttraumatic growth intervention for colorectal cancer couples: A randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Wang Zhiming , Chen Xuan , Zhou Junrui , Lin Chunyan , Luo Huamin , Li Qiuping
Published: July 2023

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) causes severe physical and psychological impacts on the patients as well as their spousal caregivers. To facilitate the psychological adaptation of the CRC suffered couples, a couple‐based posttraumatic growth (PTG) intervention was developed based on the PTG affective‐cognitive processing model. The feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effect of this intervention were tested.

Methods

A pre–post randomized controlled pilot trail was conducted for Chinese couples coping with CRC. Participants in the intervention group were provided five weekly sessions consecutively, while those in the control group were treated with usual care during the testing period. Outcomes were described as positive changes (PTG, benefit finding [BF]), marital satisfaction, quality of life and anxiety and depression. Qualitative method was also used to evaluate the programme participating sense of the couples.

Results

The rate of programme recruitment and programme retention amounts to 78.6% and 87.5%, respectively. The participants have reported overall satisfaction for the programme attendance and have suggested detailed diet guidance. Significant effects were revealed in the outcomes for the CRC couples, including PTG, marital satisfaction, BF, physical and mental health and anxiety and depression.

Conclusion

The study confirmed the feasibility and preliminary positive effect of the couple‐based PTG intervention for the CRC couples. However, in order to extend it in more general applications, large‐scale researches are warranted.

Practical implication

The couple‐based intervention is effective for couples coping with CRC. Clinicians should take the components of the intervention into consideration in their practice work for the CRC couples.
What makes an obsession? A systematic‐review and meta‐analysis on the specific characteristics of intrusive cognitions in OCD in comparison with other clinical and non‐clinical populations
Authors: Audet Jean‐Sébastien , Bourguignon Lysandre , Aardema Frederick
Published: July 2023

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5th ed. defines obsessions in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) as frequent, persistent, intrusive, unwanted thoughts that provoke anxiety and distress and lead to attempts to neutralize them with either thoughts or actions. However, no systematic review has yet evaluated characteristics that are specific to obsessions occurring in OCD. The aim of the current systematic review and meta‐analysis was to investigate the specific features of obsessions occurring in OCD by comparing them to both obsessionally and non‐obsessionally‐themed intrusions in non‐clinical and other clinical populations. Based on a registered protocol, 832 records were found, of which 15 were included in the systematic review and meta‐analysis, with a total of 1891 participants. Obsessionally‐themed intrusions that occur among those with OCD caused more distress, guilt, negative emotion and interference as compared to similarly‐themed intrusions that occur within the general population. The distinction between obsessionally‐themed intrusions among those with OCD as compared to those occurring in anxiety and depressive disorder primarily revolves around a higher level of persistence, pervasiveness and distress associated with their occurrence. Further, unacceptability, uncontrollability, ego‐dystonicity, alienness, guilt, the form of the intrusion, association with the self and lack of any basis in reality also differentiates between obsessions and intrusions occurring in other disorders. Obsessions share many characteristics with thoughts occurring in other disorders and can be distinguished using a combination of characteristics specific to individual disorders.
Spring wheat canopy effects on light dynamics and yield of intercropped fine fescues
Authors: Breuillin‐Sessoms Florence , Petrella Dominic P. , Ehlke Nancy J. , Vellekson Donn , Watkins Eric
Published: July 2023

Turfgrass stakeholder surveys have indicated fine fescue (Festuca spp.) seed will become in higher demand, but fine fescue seed production in the United States, especially in Oregon, has not increased. Northern Minnesota is conducive for cool‐season turfgrass seed production and has existing infrastructure to produce turfgrass seed. There is an exciting opportunity for Northern Minnesotan farmers to increase revenue by producing fine fescue seed; however, fine fescues require a growing season for establishment prior to seed production, and an economic crop during the first growing season is needed. Most fine fescues are considered shade tolerant and should establish under spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which is the current cropping system used for perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seed production in Minnesota. Experiments were established in Roseau (2018 and 2019) and St. Paul (2018) in which several cultivars of Chewings, hard and strong creeping red fescue were interseeded with spring wheat. Our objectives were to examine stand and seed production of these three fine fescue taxa in comparison with perennial ryegrass. All three taxa were negatively affected by wheat, possibly from excessive shade from the wheat canopy. The fine fescue culm index (number of culms relative to whole‐plant biomass) grown in wheat was lower, indicating that vernalization was negatively impacted, resulting in seed yield reduction. Our results demonstrate that the currently used perennial ryegrass–spring wheat cropping system is not optimized for fine fescue seed production, especially hard fescue, and more research is needed to improve this cropping system in Northern Minnesota.
Fusarium wilt–common bean pathosystem: Pathogen variability and genetic control
Authors: Benchimol‐Reis Luciana L. , Bueno César J. , Carbonell Sérgio A. M. , Chiorato Alisson F.
Published: July 2023

Sustainable management of plant diseases has been a challenge in the effort to feed a human population that has increased substantially. One of the main diseases that affect common bean and dry bean is Fusarium wilt, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (Fop), which can cause losses of up to 100% in crop production. The Fop infection process starts in the roots, followed by colonization and obstruction of xylem vessels, leading to leaf wilting, vascular discoloration, chlorosis, dwarfism, and premature plant death. Fop show high genetic variability, and seven different physiological races have been reported in different regions of the world. There is also a study in which the formae specialis designation has been replaced by Fusarium species. Different studies in common bean have shown that physical, biological, and chemical changes are involved in the Fop resistance mechanism and in the Fusarium and common bean pathosystem. Many studies have been conducted to detect candidate genes and pathways associated with resistance to Fop. This work offers useful information for advancing common bean resistance breeding.
The vitamin B5/coenzyme A axis: A target for immunomodulation?
Authors: Miallot Richard , Millet Virginie , Galland Franck , Naquet Philippe
Published: July 2023

Coenzyme A (CoA) serves as a vital cofactor in numerous enzymatic reactions involved in energy production, lipid metabolism, and synthesis of essential molecules. Dysregulation of CoA‐dependent metabolic pathways can contribute to chronic diseases, such as inflammatory diseases, obesity, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. Additionally, CoA influences immune cell activation by modulating the metabolism of these cells, thereby affecting their proliferation, differentiation, and effector functions. Targeting CoA metabolism presents a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention, as it can potentially restore metabolic balance, mitigate chronic inflammation, and enhance immune cell function. This might ultimately improve the management and outcomes for these diseases. This review will more specifically focus on the contribution of pathways regulating the availability of the CoA precursor Vitamin B5/pantothenate in vivo and modulating the development of Th17‐mediated inflammation, CD8‐dependent anti‐tumor immunity but also tissue repair processes in chronic inflammatory or degenerative diseases.
Toward development of dual optical and electrical cell‐based biosensor: An investigation on electrode geometry and transparent conductive material function
Authors: Arman Seyedyousef , Gonçales Vinicius R. , Yang Ying , Tilley Richard D. , Gaus Katharina , Gooding J. Justin
Published: July 2023

Herein is explored a dual optical and electrical cell based biosensor that can provide insights into cellular events. The fabrication steps along with the electrical characterization of the microelectrodes is described. Initial experiments show that the ability of indium tin oxide (ITO) to detect biological cells at the electrode‐cell layer interface mainly depends on the size of sensing area. Following this, the impact of conductivity was also explored to assess the real time impedance signal during the adhesion of a non‐confluent layer of the cells on different substrates. Electrodes with a higher conductivity than ITO gave much higher senstivity of impedance changes which allowed the dynamics of subtle cellular morphology changes to be monitored at densities far lower than a confluent layer of cells. Finally, the capability of ITO and gold microelectrode as a functional readout for G protein couple receptor activation were determined. These set of analyses highlighted the challenges and opportunities of ITO substrate as a dual cell‐based assay for quantitative analysis of subtle changes in cell morphology.
Emerging Atomic Layer Deposition Technology toward High‐k Gate Dielectrics, Energy, and Photocatalysis Applications
Authors: Liu Yanfei , Zhang Huang , Kang Shifei
Published: July 2023

The precise design and efficient development of nanoscale materials at the atomic level has enabled high‐end renewable energy storage, conversion devices, and large‐scale environmental governance equipment. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a new vapor‐phase technology for precise surface thin‐film preparation, and is outstanding with self‐limiting reactions, large deposition area, adjustable film composition, film uniformity, angstrom thickness control, and low temperature. With these characteristics, ALD plays an important role in many industry and research fields. This review briefly introduces the principle, main technical advantages, and applications of ALD, including high‐k gate dielectrics, solar cells, fuel cells, and photocatalysis. The progress of the ALD technology in preparation and application of photocatalyst is emphatically reviewed, and the large‐scale application of ALD in photocatalytic thin‐film materials is prospected.
Extraction of protein from apricot kernel oil press cake (AKOPC) through innovative techniques and the formulation of supplemented yogurt
Authors: Choudhry Rabbiya , Yasmin Adeela , Aslam Muhammad Arslan , Imran Ali , Ahmad Rabia Shabir , Saeed Farhan , Islam Fakhar , Zahoor Tahir , Shah Mohd Asif , Rasool Adil
Published: July 2023

The apricot kernel oil press cake (AKOPC) is a high protein natural by‐product of oil mechanical expression with potential uses in cosmetics, medicines, and food. The purpose of this research was to improve the protein extraction process from apricot kernel oil press cake by using enzymatic extraction (EEP), aqueous extraction (AEP), and ultrasound extraction (UEP) process. Protein extraction by AEP was facilitated by a low solid–liquid ratio (SLR) (1:15.97) and prolonged reaction durations (3.30 h), resulting in extraction yields of 68%. When compared to the AEP by similar reaction time, increased enzyme utilization (0.90%) in the EEP resulted in greater protein extraction yields (70%) in a shorter reaction time. In addition to AEP and EEP, ultrasound extraction was also used to improve protein extractability. Temperature (50°C), power density (225 W/L), and extraction duration (20 min) were shown to be the best extraction points. Protein yield was found to be 56.47% at ideal UEP conditions. The experimental values for these reactions were found to be equivalent to the predicted values formed by the mathematical models. When supplementary skimmed milk powder (SMP) was substituted with apricot kernel protein (AKP) in the yogurt manufacturing process, the total solids, average titratable acidity, total protein, and fat contents of the yogurt were increased. In contrast, pH and syneresis values decreased as AKP increased in the resulting yogurt, whether fresh or after 7 days of cold storage. Substitution of additional SMP with AKP in yogurt production might be recommended up to 35%.
Ionic liquid‐based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of anthelmintic drug residues in small‐stock meat followed by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS detection
Authors: Tshepho Rebagamang , Dube Simiso , Nindi Mathew M.
Published: July 2023

An ionic liquid‐based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (IL‐DLLME) of 20 anthelmintic drugs followed and detected by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) has been developed, optimized, and validated. The parameters affecting the anthelmintic extraction efficiencies such as selection of extraction solvent (ionic liquids), selection of disperser solvent, volume of extraction solvent, volume of disperser solvent, pH of the aqueous phase, extraction time, salt addition, and centrifugation time were optimized. Validation was conducted according to ISO/IEC 17025:2017 and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/808 of 22 March 2021. Validation parameters such as calibration function, matrix effect, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), decision limit (CCα), accuracy, and precision were established. Coefficient of determination (R2) values ranging from .99938 to .99995 were obtained using the matrix calibration curve spiked at 0, 0.25, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 times MRL. The LODs and LOQs were calculated using the standard deviation of the response and the slopes of the calibration curves ranged from 0.35 to 26.1 μg/kg and from 1.2 to 87.0 μg/kg, respectively, and were dependent on calibration range. The CCα values ranged from 23 to 1022.0 μg/kg and are also dependent on the MRL concentration levels. The coefficient of variation (CV) values calculated are within the reproducibility range of 16%–30% adapted from the Horwitz Equation CV = 2(1–0.5 log C) and ranged from 1.7% to 16.9%. The developed and validated and the standard QuEChERS method were compared. The IL‐DLLME LC–MS/MS method was applied to 32 small stock (18 caprine [goat] and 14 ovine [sheep]) liver samples received from municipal abattoirs at Botswana National Veterinary Laboratory for the analysis of anthelmintic drug residues. The results obtained indicated that the anthelmintic drug residues were all below the detection capability, and therefore, the samples were passed as fit for human consumption.
Development of a three‐dimensional hydrogeological model for the island of Norderney (Germany) using GemPy
Authors: Haehnel Patrick , Freund Holger , Greskowiak Janek , Massmann Gudrun
Published: July 2023

Geological information is required to parameterize hydrogeological properties in groundwater flow models. Our aim was to provide a hydrogeological model for the island of Norderney, Northwest Germany and the surrounding Wadden Sea for this purpose. The model focuses on Holocene, Pleistocene and Pliocene deposits which are the most relevant to groundwater flow in and around the island's freshwater lens. For these geological units, borehole data was available that allowed us to distinguish between sediments acting as aquifers and aquitards. Conceptual units were derived that comprise the most common stratigraphic and petrographic features into discrete entities. The borehole data was supplemented by maps of the pre‐Holocene surface as well as data from an existing stratigraphic model for deeper geological units. The model was developed and created using the open‐source geological modelling software GemPy. The resulting model contains major hydrogeological units that can be assumed continuous over a larger extent of the model area based on the available data. From the deeper geology, a possible range of locations of the aquifer base below Norderney was extracted. By integrating borehole data, existing geological models and geological interpretations available in the literature, this dataset complements the so far mainly cross‐sectional and partial descriptions of the hydrogeology below Norderney.
Lithological description and provenancing of a collection of bluestones from excavations at Stonehenge by William Hawley in 1924 with implications for the human versus ice transport debate of the monument's bluestone megaliths
Authors: Bevins Richard , Ixer Rob , Pearce Nick , Scourse James , Daw Tim
Published: July 2023

A rhyolite boulder collected by R. S. Newall in 1924 from an excavation at Stonehenge has been pivotal to arguments concerning glacial versus human transport of the bluestones to Stonehenge. Initial studies suggested that the boulder came from north Wales, and hence was a probable glacial erratic. New petrographic and geochemical analyses however support it being from Craig Rhos‐y‐Felin in west Wales, the source of much debitage recovered from Stonehenge. Examination of the form and surface features of the boulder provides no evidence for it being erratic. Instead, it is considered to be one more piece of debitage probably derived from a broken‐up monolith.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy enhances tumor‐specific T cell immunity in patients with HPV‐associated oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Samaniego Christian , Friedman Jay , Yang Xinping , Badger Christopher , Shaver Timothy , Samankan Shabnam , Thakkar Punam , Goodman Joseph , Joshi Arjun , Allen Clint T.
Published: July 2023

Background

Treatment of patients with newly diagnosed HPV‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) results in a high rate of 5‐year recurrence free survival with few patients requiring adjuvant treatment. We hypothesized that NAC enhances primary tumor HPV‐specific T cell responses.

Methods

HPV‐specific responses in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) before and after NAC were determined using autologous co‐culture assays.

Results

Greater HPV16‐specific TIL responses, sometimes polyclonal, were observed after NAC compared to before in 8 of 10 patients (80%) with PCR‐verified HPV16‐positive tumors. A significant association was observed between net‐negative change in HPV‐specific TIL response and disease relapse (p = 0.04, Mann–Whitney test), whereas pathologic complete response at time of surgery did not correlate with recurrence.

Conclusions

NAC induces HPV‐specific tumor T cell responses in patients with newly diagnosed HPV‐associated OPSCC; whereas lack of an increase following NAC may associate with risk of relapse.
Determining recovery of marine water quality of the Rio Doce using statistical and temporal comparisons with nearby river systems
Authors: Kananizadeh Negin , Wild Michael , Oehrig Jacob , Odle William , Rouhani Shahrokh
Published: July 2023

The Fundão dam breach affected the Rio Doce's estuarine and marine environments with water, tailings, scoured soil and/or sediments, and other debris. Time series and standard exceedance analyses are typically used to assess water quality recovery to baseline conditions after deteriorating water quality events. In the absence of historical measurements, impacts to water quality from the Fundão Event were compared with measurements of nearby rivers. Similar river systems with available water quality measurements were grouped into affected and unaffected estuarine and marine waters. Statistical and temporal comparisons of marine waters unaffected by the Rio Doce with those affected by the Rio Doce were evaluated for systematic differences. Multivariate statistical techniques were also used to assess water quality differences. Our results demonstrate that the Fundão dam breach had a short-term water quality impact on marine waters near the Rio Doce mouth. Principal component and comparative time series analyses clearly demonstrated this impact during the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 wet seasons. The ephemeral effects of the breach, however, did not compromise marine water quality. Exceedances of CONAMA standards for metals remained either at zero or at very low levels during the affected period (<5.7%). Before the start of the next wet season in October 2017, water quality impacts from the Event were statistically indistinguishable from unaffected marine waters, indicating recovery to baseline conditions. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:99–116. © 2023 NewFields Companies, LLC. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
A systematic review of cancer risk among users of smokeless tobacco (Swedish snus) exclusively, compared with no use of tobacco
Authors: Valen Håkon , Becher Rune , Vist Gunn Elisabeth , Holme Jørn Andreas , Mdala Ibrahimu , Elvsaas Ida‐Kristin Ørjasæter , Alexander Jan , Underland Vigdis , Brinchmann Bendik Christian , Grimsrud Tom Kristian
Published: July 2023

The main objective of this systematic review was to assess cancer risk, and mortality after cancer diagnosis, for exclusive users of Swedish snus, compared with non‐users of tobacco. We followed international standards for systematic reviews and graded our confidence in the risk estimates using the GRADE approach. Our search gave 2450 articles, of which 67 were assessed in full text against our inclusion criteria. Of these, 14 cohort‐studies and one case‐control study were included in the review. The studies investigated risk of cancer in the oral cavity or oropharynx (3 studies), esophagus (1 study), stomach (1 study), pancreas (2 studies), colorectum (2 studies), anus (1 study) and lung (1 study), as well as malignant lymphoma (1 study), leukemia and multiple myeloma (1 study), melanoma (1 study), any cancer (1 study) and mortality after cancer diagnosis (4 studies). Cancer risk could only be evaluated in men as there was a general lack of data for women. All included studies were evaluated to have a moderate risk of bias, mostly related to validity of exposure information. An increased risk of cancer of the esophagus, pancreas, stomach and rectum as well as an association between use of snus and increased mortality after a cancer diagnosis was reported. Our confidence in the various risk estimates varied from moderate through low to very low.
A case of abiraterone acetate withdrawal syndrome after initiation of upfront abiraterone therapy for high‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Tani Masaru , Hayashi Yujiro , Miki Airi , Wakita Teppei , Horibe Yuki , Kakuta Yoichi , Tsutahara Koichi , Takao Tetsuya
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Transient decrease in serum prostate‐specific antigen level can occur after abiraterone acetate withdrawal in male patient with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer. Here, we report a case of abiraterone acetate withdrawal syndrome with transient prostate‐specific antigen decrease after progression to castration‐resistant disease while using upfront abiraterone therapy for high‐risk prostate cancer.

Case presentation

A 73‐year‐old man with hormone‐sensitive high‐risk prostate cancer with multiple bone metastases (prostate‐specific antigen level, 294.109 ng/mL) received upfront abiraterone/prednisolone combination and androgen deprivation therapy. One year later, prostate‐specific antigen level decreased to 0.017 ng/mL (nadir) but it gradually rose by 15 months after treatment initiation. He was diagnosed as castration‐resistant and new bone metastases appeared. After abiraterone was discontinued, prostate‐specific antigen level decreased and stabilized at a low level for 5 months.

Conclusion

Abiraterone acetate withdrawal syndrome was observed when hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer with upfront abiraterone therapy progressed to castration‐resistant prostate cancer.
Imaging biomarker for quantitative analysis of endometrial injury based on optical coherence tomography/ultrasound integrated imaging mode
Authors: Du Meng , Zhang Jinke , Wang Ting , Fang Jinghui , Su Hanyinghong , Xiao Zhang , Peng Yingao , Liang Xiaowen , Gong Xiaojing , Chen Zhiyi
Published: July 2023

Precise evaluation of endometrial injury is significant to clinical decision‐making in gynecological disease and assisted reproductive technology. However, there is a lack of assessment methods for endometrium in vivo. In this research, we intend to develop quantitative imaging markers with optical coherence tomography (OCT)/ultrasound (US) integrated imaging system through intrauterine endoscopic imaging. OCT/US integrated imaging system was established as our previous research reported. The endometrial injury model was established and after treatment, OCT/US integrated imaging and uterus biopsy was performed to evaluate the endometrial thickness, number of superficial fold, and intrauterine area. According to the results, three quantitative indexes acquired from OCT/US image and HE staining have the same trend and have a strong relationship with the severity of the endometrial injury. Accordingly, we developed three imaging markers for quantitative analysis of endometrial injury in vivo, which provided a precise mode for endometrium evaluation in clinical practice.
Opportunities of measuring hierarchical models of psychopathology
Authors: Pettersson Erik
Published: July 2023

All psychiatric phenomena are positively associated, and several different models can account for this observation. These include the correlated factors, network, general psychopathology as outcome, and hierarchical models. Advantages of hierarchical models, which consist of one general and several (general factor‐residualized) specific factors, is that the general factor provides an opportunity to reliably measure global distress and impairment, while the specific factors might improve the ability to discriminate between individuals with different kinds of problems. Nevertheless, other models also have their respective advantages, and it remains challenging to empirically determine which model best accounts for the positive manifold in psychiatry. Instead, I present two non‐empirical arguments in favor of hierarchical models. First, by measuring the general factor in isolation, the specific factors tend to include both favorable and unfavorable correlates, which might reduce stigma compared to psychiatric diagnoses that by and large are associated with only unfavorable outcomes. Second, the general psychopathology factor displays an unusual psychometric property in that it includes symptoms of opposite meaning if they have similar valence (e.g., self‐reported symptoms such as gullible and paranoid, lazy and workaholic, and terrified and apathetic load in the same direction), which one might want to measure in isolation from variance capturing the content of symptoms. I conclude by speculating that tests designed based on hierarchical models might help clinical assessment.
Transcriptome data‐based status of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway indicates heterogeneity and immune modulation in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xie Peng , Tan Si‐Yuan , Li Hai‐Feng , Tang Hao‐Dong , Zhou Jia‐hua
Published: July 2023

Background

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal cancer with limited treatment options. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is commonly activated in PDAC and plays a critical role in its progression.

Methods and Results

In this study, the effect of taselisib (a selective PI3K inhibitor) on PDAC cell proliferation was investigated, and a significant decrease in viability was observed with increasing concentrations of taselisib. Differential analysis on samples from the Genotype–Tissue Expression and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases revealed 24 dysregulated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway‐related genes (PRGs). Unsupervised clustering‐based analysis of transcriptome cohorts revealed two clusters with high consistency between RNA‐seq and microarray cohorts. Cluster B had higher enrichment of immune cells, particularly CD8+ T cells, and lower levels of immunosuppressive Treg cells. Moreover, we investigated the relationship between drug sensitivity and different clusters and found that cluster A had a better response to PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway‐related inhibitors and chemotherapy. Finally, cluster A exhibited significant activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and related oncogenic pathways, contributing to poor prognosis. The study also developed a risk score based on the expression profiles of PRGs and machine learning, which showed a significant increase in overall survival time among patients in the low‐risk group. Importantly, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway could be used to better predict individual risk scores, as evidenced by stratified survival analysis.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway may have therapeutic potential in PDAC, and distinct pathway states, immune modulation and tumor microenvironments have prognostic value.