bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An investigation into the factors facilitating extension services available to fish farmers in Ijebu-Ode agricultural extension zone, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Olaoye O. J. , Ezeani S. I. , Onifade O. T.
Published: February 2021

Extension services bridge the gap between research and farmers for increased productivity and improved livelihood. The study investigated the factors facilitating extension services available to fish farmers in Ijebu Ode Agricultural Extension Zone, Ogun State, aimed to determine fish farmers' preferences, the costs and returns of fishes and the constraints hindering extension services available to the respondents. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select respondents from all the six extension blocks in Ijebu Ode Zone of Ogun State ADP. One hundred and seventeen fish farmers were randomly sampled using structured interview schedules. The study revealed the mean and standard errors of age, household size and fish farming experience as 46.6±0.9 years, 6±0.3 persons and 6±0.4 years, respectively; 67.5% were male, married (76.1%) and all were literate. Formal sources of extension services available to fish farmers were extension agents from ADPs (99.1%), JDPC extension workers (54.7%) and NGOs (44.4%).Informal sources include; friends and relations (70.9%), extension guide/bulletins (70.9%), and the mobile phone (41.9%). Farmers showed preferences for extension services like field demonstrations (91.5%), fishing inputs marketing information (88.0%), farm record keeping (81.2%) and environmental management (79%). There was significant association between fish farmers' 2 2 marital status (χ2 = 29.67, p < 0.05), educational status (χ2 = 22.63, p < 0.05) and nature of extension services available to them. However, no significant relationship was found between the nature of extension services available and age (r = 0.012; p >0.05), years of experience (r=-0.074; p<0.05) and house hold size (r = 0.033; p >0.05). There was association between 2 nature of extension services available to fish farmers and their profitability ((χ2 = 173.088, p < 0.05). For more effective extension service delivery, this study recommends better linkage of fish farmers to credit sources, favourable government policy on agriculture, proper funding of extension service and remuneration of extension personnel.
Prevalence of strongylids of pigs in Ogun State, southwest Nigeria
Authors: Akinkuotu O. A. , Jacobs E. B. , Egbetade A. O.
Published: February 2021

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of strongyles infecting pigs in Ogun State , Southwestern Nigeria. Faecal samples were collected from 209 pigs which were initially screened by centrifugal sedimentation technique. Faeces positive nematode eggs were then cultured using a modified Baermann's technique. Out of the 36.8% (77/209) infected pigs, 84.4%, 58.4%, 57.1%, 19.5% and 6.5% were for Hyostrongylus rubidus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Oesophagostomum spp., Strongyloides ransomi and Dictyocaulus viviparus respectively. Mixed infection with various nematode species accounted for 94.8% of the prevalence. The infection rate in piglets (43.7%) was higher than in weaners and adults without any significant differences. Similarly no significant differences were observed between diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic pigs. The results of this study thus showed the economic importance of strongylid nematode infections in intensively reared pigs in Ogun state. Regular screening to ascertain worm load and species involved will facilitate appropriate control and prevention strategies.
Response of West African dwarf sheep to differently processed corncob meal based diets
Authors: Fajemisin A. N. , Chineke C. M. , Fadiyimu A. A. , Fajemisin A. J.
Published: February 2021

A feeding trial was conducted to assess the response of West African Dwarf sheep to differently processed corncob meal based-diets. Sun-dried corncobs were collected at Teaching and Research farm of Federal University of Technology, Akure, treated with water, lye, urea, poultry litter and fermented for twenty-one (21) days. Five experimental diets were formulated and contained five differently treated corncob meals as follow: A (untreated corncob), B (water-treated corncob), C (lye-treated corncob), D (urea-treated corncob) and E (poultry litter-treated corncob). These processed corncob meals were incorporated as basal ingredients at 45% level. Thirty (30) WAD sheep (3 males and 3 females per treatment) were fed the five diets in a completely randomized design and the experiment lasted for sixty three (63) days. Dry matter intake, digestibility, nitrogen retention, weight gain and feed/gain ratio were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the inclusion of differently processed corncob meal in the diets. The highest crude protein (CP) intake, CP digestibility, nitrogen retention and feed/gain ratio values were recorded for sheep fed ensiled poultry litter-treated corncobs (diet D) and significantly (P<0.05) differed from values recorded for sheep fed other diets. The haematological indices were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by the treatment except haemoglobin concentration. The results revealed that the inclusion of water, lye, urea, and poultry litter treated corncob meal in the sheep diets could satisfy the dietary protein and energy requirements of the sheep.
Exploitation of unconventional protein sources in the feed of weaner rabbits (Oryctolagus cunniculus Linn.)
Authors: Odedire J. A. , Abegunde T. O.
Published: February 2021

An experiment was conducted to explore the use of some leguminous shrubs, commonly accepted as protein sources for feeding ruminants but rarely considered as feed for micro livestock animals such as rabbits. Thirty two weaner rabbits of heterogeneous population, aged 4 weeks and balanced for sex, were randomly allotted to four experimental diets, in a completely randomized design, containing Moringa oleifera, Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium, with Centrosema pubescens serving as control. Total feed on offer was done at 4% body weight with concentrate supplementation at 25% of the total feed while forages were fed fresh. Results indicated that the crude protein content of the forages ranged from 21.64 g/100g DM to 26.88 g/100g DM in Centrosema pubescens and Moringa oleifera, respectively. Similarly, the crude fibre contents of the forage ranged from 14.47 g/100g DM to 21.89 g/100g DM Centrosema pubescens and Moringa oleifera, respectively. Although rabbits on Centrosema pubescens had the least weight (P<0.05) throughout the experiment, yet they recorded the highest total feed intake (P<0.05) of 6.348 kg, while the least feed intake was recorded for rabbits on Gliricidia sepium (5.48 kg). Rabbits on Moringa oleifera and Leucaena leucocephala gave the best (P < 0.05) daily weight gain of 10.52 and 10.38g/d respectively, followed by those on Gliricidia sepium (10.05g/d) and least for rabbits on Centrosema pubescens (9.90g/d). The feed conversion ratios of rabbits on the forages were similar (P>0.05) except for rabbits on Centrosema pubescens (P>0.05). Nitrogen intakes of the rabbits from the different forage sources were similar (P>0.05) but the nitrogen utilization differed significantly (P<0.05) with rabbits on Leuceana leucocephala recording the highest value (78.52%), closely followed by rabbits on Moringa oleifera (76.46%) but the nitrogen utilization of rabbits on Gliricidia sepium and Centrosema pubescens are similar (66.23% and 66.11%, respectively). It can therefore be concluded that the unconventional forage shrubs hold potential as alternative feed sources for grower rabbits and Moringa oleifera and Leucaena leucocephala can conveniently replace Centrosema pubescens in the feeding of rabbits especially where the latter is depleted in stock.
Evaluation of rice offal as energy source for fattening Bunaji bulls
Authors: Sani R. T. , Lamidi O. S. , Johktan G. E.
Published: February 2021

A study was conducted using 20 Bunaji bulls with a live weight range of 210-249kg and age range of 2-3 years to evaluate the feeding value of raw or parboiled rice offal as energy source for bull fattening. Four bulls per treatment were allotted to five dietary treatments in a 2x2 factorial arrangement with a common control. Feeding trials was conducted for 90 days. A concentrate and basal diets of Digitaria smutsii were offered at 2% body weight. The proximate and mineral composition of the feed ingredients showed that raw rice offal (RRO) had 7.69% CP, 6.64% hemicellulose and 24.86% silica while parboiled rice offal had (PRO) 4.38% CP, 6.10% hemicellulose and 36.91% silica. The CP contents of the experimental diets vary between 19.69 and 20.44% while the ME ranged from 10.86 to 11.16MJ/kg DM. The crude fibre varies from 14.59 to 17.84%. The result of the fattening trial showed that there was no significant (P>0.05) difference in concentrate, hay, total dry matter intakes and daily weight gain of bulls fed the control diet (NRO) and diets containing RRO and PRO. Inclusion level of rice offal had no significant effect (P>0.05) on intake of concentrate, hay and total feed intake. However, live weight gain of the bulls on the control diet was significantly (P<0.05) higher than bulls on 20 and 30% rice offal inclusion The intake of concentrate, hay, total feed and daily live weight gain of the bulls were similar (P>0.05) irrespective of type and inclusion levels of the rice offal. All the bulls experimented attained an average weight gain of between 1.11Kg to 1.29Kg which was above 1Kg. Economic parameters such as cost per Kg gain, net benefit (NB) and return to naira invested on feed (RIF) were similar (P>0.05) for bulls on both RRO and PRO. There was no significant (P>0.05) differences in the Value of weight gain (VWG), NB, RIF, Cost of feed and Cost per Kg gain for bulls on varying levels of inclusion of RRO or PRO. The inclusion of raw rice offal or parboiled rice offal lead to reduction in feed cost from N25,001.10 to a range of N22,115.50-N23,639.6 (about 5.45%-11.54% reduction in feed cost). It was concluded from this trial that rice offal of all kind (raw or parboiled) may be used to replace up to 30% of maize offal as source of energy in the fattening diet of Bunaji bulls without any detrimental effect on live weight. Hence it can be adopted by farmers.
Performance and carcass values of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) fed processed sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) meal diets.
Authors: Edache J. A. , Tulen C. D. , Muiduudtai R. U. , Yisa A. G.
Published: February 2021

A six-week feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effect ofprocessing of sweet potato tuber on growth parameters and carcass values of Japanese quails. Five isonitrogenous (25%CP) diets were compounded. The control diet (A) had zero sweet potato tuber meal. The other four diets (B, C, D and E) contained sweet potato tuber. meal processed in different ways (unpeeled, peeled, unpeeled and cooked and peeled and cooked) replacing maize at 15.60% of the diet. 300 day-old Japanese quail birds (of mixed sexes) were randomly assigned the diets in a completely randomized design. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Each diet was allocated to 60 quail chicks which were further divided into three replicates of 20 birds each. None of the indices measured (feed intake, water intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feed cost/gain, protein intake, energy efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio) differed significantly (p>0.05) from the control. Energy intake was, however, higher (p<0.05) on the control than on the sweet potato diets. Carcass values measured showed that bled weight and plucked weight were significantly (p<0.05) heavier on the peeled and cooked sweet potato than on the unpeeled. Dressed weight and dressing % were better (p < 0.05) on the peeled and cooked than on the rest of the diets. Wing % was worse (p < 0.05) on the peeled and cooked sweet potato than on the rest of the diets while drumstick % was worse (p < 0.05) on peeled and cooked than on the control only. Results show that processed sweet potato can replace maize at 15.60% of the diet of quail chicks without adverse effect on performance or on carcass values and has a cost saving of 1.5% over the control diet.
Chemical composition and nutritional value of boiled Christmas bush fruit (Alchornea cordifolia) meal fed to starter broiler chickens
Authors: Ahiwe E. U. , Emenalom O. O. , Etuk E. B. , Okehie N. U. , Iwuji C. T. , Odoemelam V. U.
Published: February 2021

A study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and the nutritive value of boiled Christmas bush (Alchornea cordifolia) for starter broiler chickens. Dried Christmas bush fruits (Capsules + seed) were boiled for 30 minutes, sundried and ground into meal. The meal was analyzed for proximate composition and anti-nutritional factors and incorporated into broiler starter diet at 0%, 15%, 20% and 25% respectively. A total of 120 day old Marshall Strain broiler chicks were divided into 12 pens each containing 10 birds. Three pens were randomly assigned to each experimental diet. The boiled dried and ground Christmas bush (Alchornea cordifolia) fruit contained 19.9% crude protein and 4.7 mg/100 phytic acids which is an improvement when compared with raw Christmas bush fruits. Increase in inclusion level of boiled Christmas bush fruit in the diet caused a progressive reduction (p < 0.05) in final weight gain and feed intake of the birds. Birds on 15 and 20% BCBF had similar (p>0.05) feed conversion ration ratio with birds on control diet. The cost of feed per Kg weight gain and mortality were not significantly (p>0.05) different for all the treatments. Apart from Haemoglobin and serum phosphate, all other serum biochemical indices checked were not statistically (p>0.05) different among the treatment groups. It was concluded that boiling of Christmas bush fruits decreased the anti-nutritional factors and improved the nutritive value of the fruit but could not improve the performance of broiler starter chickens.
Blood chemistry, haematological indices and nutrient digestibility of starter turkeys fed macaroni waste meal as a replacement for maize.
Authors: Adebowale T. O. , Bamgbose A. M. , Oso A. O. , Adejola Y. A. , Ola-Mudathir F. K. , Egunlusi F.
Published: February 2021

A 56-days experiment was carried out to study the effect of replacing macaroni waste meal (MWM) with maize on nutrient digestibility and blood chemistry of indigenous turkey starter. Ninety-six indigenous turkey poults with an average weight of 52 g were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments containing macaroni waste meal at 0%, 15%, 30% and 45% level as replacement for maize. Each treatment consist of 24 turkey poults replicated thrice with 8 turkeys per replicate. A three day metabolic study trial was carried out for nutrient digestibility determination. Blood samples were also collected for serum and haematological indices. Data collected were subjected to one way analysis of variance. Result showed that MWM at 15% had the highest values for packed cell volume, red blood cell, white blood cell while values recorded for serum uric acid and creatinine were significantly lower (P<0.05) for the turkeys. The nutrient digestibility coefficient such as crude protein digestibility, nitrogen retention were not affected significantly (P>0.05). However, the packed cell volume, red blood cell count, albumin, hemoglobin, total serum protein and serum glucose. It can be concluded that MWM could be incorporated into the diet of indigenous turkey starter at 15% level without any deleterious effect on nutrient digestibility and blood chemistry.
Nigerian Journal of Animal Production Effect of generational differences, housing systems and seasonal variations on the reproductive performance of rabbits raised in humid tropics
Authors: Ayo-Ajasa O. Y. , Aina A. B. J. , Sowande O. S. , Egbeyale L. T. , Ozoje M. O. , Oso A. O. , Abiona B. O. , Abel F. A. S.
Published: February 2021

Reproductive data from 24 does (Chinchilla X New Zealand White) of twenty weeks, were analyzed to determine the effect of generation, housing systems and season on the reproductive performance of rabbits raised in the humid tropics. The experiment was carried out during four seasons namely: early dry season (EDS-September to November), late dry season (LDS-December to February), early rainy season (ERS-March to May) and late rainy season (LRS-June to August). The study was repeated in the second generation and the data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance in a 2x2x4 factorial arrangement. Factors considered were generations, housing systems, and seasons respectively. Highest breeding efficiency of 83.33% was obtained in the first generation and maximum litter size at birth (35) and weaning (28) were observed in caged-does that kindled in EDS of first and second generations respectively, while does housed on deep litter system produced the smallest litter size at birth (24) and weaning (18) in the ERS of the second generation. Highest (12) and least (4) pre-weaning losses were recorded in caged-does that kindled in ERS of the first and second generation respectively, whereas highest average birth weight (120.58g) was observed in litters of deep litter-does that kindled in EDS of the second generation. These results indicated that the production of rabbits for breeding purposes is better achieved during early dry season (September-November) and also revealed that deep litter system allows satisfactory performance and has comparative advantage over wooden cage system considering the reduction in housing cost and can be used to improve the nutritional status of the family and also to obtain some supplementary income.
Haematological and serum biochemical indices of three different strains of pullets supplemented with Khaya senegalensis stem bark meal as anticoccidial in the diets.
Authors: Lala A. O. , Okwelum N. , Bello K. O. , Salami W. A.
Published: February 2021

The effects of supplementing different levels of Mahogany (khaya senegalensis) stem bark (KSSB) meal in the diet of pullets on some blood parameters was investigated. A total of 360 day-old chicks were arraigned in a 5 x 3 factorial design of 5 dietary levels (Diet 1 served as negative control without supplementation, Diet 2 was supplemented with 100 mg/kg of anti coccidiostat (sulphaquinoxaline), Diets 3 and 4 were supplemented with 100 and 200mg/kg KSSB respectively at intervals of 21st -27th, 42nd – 48th and 112th - 118th day, while diet 5 was supplemented with 100mg/kg KSSB which was continuously fed from 1st -118th day) and 3 strains of chickens (Isa Brown, Nera Black and Oba Blue). Results showed (P<0.05) lowered packed cell volume (PCV) and higher white blood cell count in Isa brown and Nera black fed diet 1. Uric acid, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase values were highest (P< 0.05) in pullets fed diets 1 and 5 irrespective of the strain. These results revealed that KSSB at 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg can be included in the diets of pullets at intervals without deleterious effect on the health of the birds. However, continuous usage of KSSB in the diet of the pullets showed some level of toxicity in the blood.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of equine vaccination among horse owners in Kano, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Mayaki A. M. , Talabi A. O.
Published: February 2021

Equine infectious diseases continue to be one of the most important threats to the overall health of domesticated horses and proper vaccination is one the most important preventive measure against such infectious diseases. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and practice of equine vaccination among horse owners. Forty horse owners completed the questionnaire and all the respondents were male with an average mean age of 41.9years and 50% were degree holders. A positive attitude 14(35%) toward equine vaccination was recorded. 10% had training on horse management and 19(47.5%) were aware of equine vaccination. Statistically significant associations were observed between practice of vaccination and awareness of equine vaccination and having vaccination programme. However no statistical association was observed between practice of vaccination and attending training on horse management. The common vaccinable diseases encountered as reported were tetanus (28/40), influenza (17/40), and AHS (6/40) with 37.5% and 2.5% of the respondents agreed that tetanus and AHS respectively are the most common cause of horse death. The diseases commonly vaccinated against were tetanus (22.5%) and influenza (5%). The use of veterinary practice is very low as 54.6% of the respondents do either vaccinate their horses by themselves or used their groom. Their knowledge of equine vaccination is generally poor particularly with tetanus vaccination, as majority cannot differentiate the usage of tetanus antitoxin and toxoid. In conclusion, we believe that the poor knowledge showed by the horse owners reflects inadequate information about the important of equine vaccination. It is therefore important for horse owners to understand good vaccination programme is a critical aspect of good managerial practices. More so there is need to work with their local veterinarians in developing vaccination programmes for the common diseases seen in the area.
Response of broiler chickens fed diets containing loofah gourd Luffa cylindrical (M.J. Roem) seed meal
Authors: Onigemo M. A. , Agbalaya K. , Tijani L. A.
Published: February 2021

The scarcity and increasing cost of conventional plant protein sources prompted researches into potential feed resources that are relatively of less importance to man. Loofah gourd (Luffa cylindrical (M.J. Roem) is a plant that is widely available in most tropical, subtropical and temperate region. In Nigeria it grows luxuriantly uncultivated and the sponge is often used for domestic cleaning while the seeds are discarded. The seeds were de-hulled, milled and fed at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% dietary levels of inclusion as partial total replacement for groundnut cake. One hundred and fifty (150) day-old broiler chicks were divided into five (5) groups and each was fed the experimental diets for fifty six (56) days in a completely randomised design (CRD) arrangement. Data collected included the average feed intake (AFI), average weight gain (AWG), live weight (LW) feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), haematology indices such as pack cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC) and haemoglobin (Hb), serological variables such as Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartic aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and carcass characteristics. Loofah gourd seed meal (LGSM) significantly (P<0.05) depressed the feed intake, weight gain, live weight, and protein efficiency ratio of the birds as the dietary inclusion of LGSM increased in a similar trend. AFI, AWG, and PER were significantly highest (P<0.05) in birds on the control group (125.88 g/day, 51.37 g/day, and 1.81 respectively) and lowest in those on 20% LGSM (62.88 g/day, 19.35 and 1.39 respectively). PCV and Hb were significantly highest (P<0.05) in birds on the control group (10.46 g/dl and 34% respectively) and lowest in those on 15% LGSM (21%) and 10%LGSM (6.98g/dl) respectively. Birds fed with the control diet had the lowest (P<0.05) AST (86.13 U/I), ALT (5.67 U/I) and ALP (112,338.90) and those on 20% LGSM had the highest AST (104.18 U/), ALT (10.98 U/D while the highest ALP (201,762.90) was in birds fed 10% LGSM. Weight of liver and spleen expressed as percentage of live weight were significantly lowest in birds on the control group (1.38 and 0.18 respectively) and highest in those on 15% LGSM (4.08 and 1.50 respectively). The increase in liver and spleen weight coupled with increased serum enzymes activities suggest the presence of anti-nutrient in LGSM. Hence, the use of LGSM beyond 5% level of inclusion is not beneficial in the production of broiler.
Effects of poultry manure and nitrogen rates from two production systems on dry matter yield, and nutritive value of Columbus grass (Sorghum almum)
Authors: Baba M , Lamir I , Abdullahi I , Sadique M.S
Published: February 2021

The experiment was conducted at screen house of Centre for Dry land Agriculture, Bayero University Kano, in the year 2016. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of poultry manure and nitrogen rates from battery cage and deep litter systems on dry matter yield, morphological characteristics and forage quality of Columbus grass (Sorghum almum). Sorghum almum seeds were sown in 32 plastic containers (dimensions 26 cm height, 28 cm top width and 20cm base width) perforated at the bottom containing 12 kg mixture of sandy and loamy soil in ratio of 1:3. The treatments consisted of poultry manure from two production systems (Battery cage and Deep litter) and nitrogen rates (50, 60, 70 and 80kgN/ha) in a 2×4 factorial combined in a completely randomized design. Parameters measured were dry matter yield, number of tillers and stem diameter at the late boot stage of Sorghum almum, in addition, forage quality parameters (CP, ADF, NDF, digestible dry matter (DDM) dry matter intake as a percentage of body weight (DMI) and relative feed value (RFV)) were also evaluated. The results revealed no significant (p>0.05) difference between battery cage and deep litter fertilized Sorghum almum but deep litter fertilized Sorghum almum had numerically higher dry matter yield (5062.30 kg/ha) than battery cage (4400.40 kg/ha) Number of tillers and stem diameter were found to be significantly greater (p<0.05) in Deep litter (2.56 and 5.70mm respectively) compared to Battery cage (1.13 and 5.08mm respectively). Both dry matter yield and stem diameter of Sorghum almum were significantly (p<0.05) highest at 80 kg N/ha. Crude protein was observed to be significant (p<0.05) in Sorghum almum fertilized with poultry manure from deep litter (11.35 %) compared with battery cage (10.05 %). The CP value was observed to increase with increased nitrogen rate with the highest value recorded at 80 kg N/ha (11.11 %). Dry matter intake (as a percentage of body weight) was equally greater (p<0.05) in Sorghum almum fertilized with deep litter (2.63%) compared to battery cage (2.49%). The value for NDF was significantly higher in sorghum almum fertilized with battery cage, while that of ADF was greater in deep litter. it can be concluded that, Sorghum almum fertilized with manure from deep litter system produced better yield and nutritive value.
Application and efficiency of body volume formula for predicting live weight in two strains of broiler chickens in Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: Kabir M. , Shehu-Kubra A.
Published: February 2021

Records from 120 day-old Arbor Acre (n = 60) and White Rose (n = 60) broiler strains of mixed sexes were used. The experiment was carried out at the Poultry Unit, Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna state. Traits considered from day old to 8 weeks included body weight (BW), body length (BL) as well as chest girt (CG). The chickens were assigned to two treatments with three replications each having twenty chickens per replicate and were fed the same type of feed. The weights were taken on weekly basis. The feed consumed was also measured on daily basis. The body parameter such as body length and chest girth was also taken on weekly basis. The chick's body volume (BV) was estimated by cylinder volume using a formula derived from the work of Paputungan. Results obtained showed that age significantly (P<0.05) affected BW at all ages where the White Rose strain consistently weigh heavier than Arbor Acre. Similarly the BV of Arbor Acre is less than that of White Rose strain only at week 2. No significant difference (P>0.05) was obtained for the other parameters investigated across age. Coefficient of correlation among parameters obtained in this study were low and insignificant (P>0.05). However, all the values recorded were positive indicating that selection for any trait will lead to correlated response in the others. The multiple regression models for predicting live weight from chest girth, body length and body volume in the two strains revealed that coefficient of determination (R2 ) for BV was higher (0.96 to 0.98) compared with those of chest girth (0.56 to 0.73) and body length (0.81 to 0.88). It was concluded therefore that body volume was more efficient and better predictor of live body weight than BL and/or CG.
Growth, blood indices and carcass characteristics of japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) fed cassava grit as replacement for maize with or without β-glucanase
Authors: Oyelami B. A , Abu O. A.
Published: February 2021

One hundred and eighty (180) unsexed twenty-one day-old growing Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were fed for 28 days with diets in which maize was replaced with cassava grit at 0, 25 and 50% with or without β-glucanase supplementation. The birds were randomly grouped into six treatments in three replicates of ten birds per replicate. Diet 1 was the control without cassava grit while diets 2 and 3 had 25 and 50% of their maize contents replaced with cassava grit respectively. Diets 4, 5 and 6 were the same as diets 1, 2 and 3 respectively but for the inclusion of β-glucanase at 100mg/kg. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum throughout the period of study. Feed intake (590.98g), weight gain (93.77g) and FCR (6.35) were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the dietary treatments. 6 Among the haematological parameters monitored RBC (4.46x10 /UI) and WBC 3 (26.52x10 /UI) were significantly (p<0.05) affected by dietary treatments. Thiocynate (2.57 mg/ml), AST (290.6 U.I/L) and ALT (33.6 U.I/L) were also significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the experimental diets. Replacement of 25 or 50% maize with cassava grit in diets of the Japanese quail diets did not have negative effect on haematology and serum biochemistry of the birds. There were however significant differences (p< 0.05) affected by the treatments while caeca length and the lungs weight were statistically similar across the treatments. Replacement of maize with cassava grit at 25 and 50% in Japanese quail diets had no negative effect on haematology, serum biochemistry and carcass characteristics of the birds.
PEMBUATAN KREASI LAMPU HIAS DENGAN MEDIA BAMBU DI DESA JANTHO MAKMUR
Authors: Afriadi Dedy , Kafri Saniman Andi , Pratama Hariananda
Published: March 2021

Jantho merupakan daerah dataran tinggi yang menjadi ibu kota Aceh Besar, kota Jantho menjadi pusat kota dan menjadi pusat administrasi untuk daerah Aceh Besar, meskipun kota Jantho menjadi kota, tetapi kota Jantho masih dominan dengan daerah perhutanan dan perbukitan. Kota Jantho memiliki sumber daya alam yang besar namun belum termanfaatkan secara maksimal oleh masyarakat dan pemerintah Aceh Besar. Melihat sumber daya alam yang besar menjadi ide dan daya tarik untuk mengolahnya sehingga dapat meningkatkan perekonomian daerah tersebut. Permasalahan yang ada di daerah Jantho adalah kurangnya pembinaan dalam pembuatan kerajinan. Dengan terselenggaranya pengabdian masyarakat diharapkan dapat menambah dan mengembangkan wawasan masyarakat untuk membuat karya yang memiliki nilai jual. Salah satu upaya yang ingin dikembangkan adalah membuat kerajinan lampu hias dengan media bambu, dikarenakan bambu merupakan bahan/ media yang mudah didapatkan di kota ini.Jantho is a highland area that became the capital of Aceh Besar, the city of Jantho became the center of the city and became the administrative center for the Aceh Besar area, even though became a city, but was still dominant with areas of forestry and hills. The city of Jantho has large natural resources but has not been utilized maximally by the community and the government of Aceh Besar. Seeing large natural resources becomes an idea and an attraction to process it so that it can improve the economy of the region. The problem in the Jantho area is the lack of guidance in making crafts. With the implementation of community service, it is expected to be able to add and develop people's insights to create works that have selling value. One effort to be developed is to make decorative lights with bamboo media, because bamboo is a material / medium that is easily available in this city.
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH KACA MENJADI PRODUK SENI KALIGRAFI GAMPONG JALIN KOTA JANTHO
Authors: Taruan Hatmi Negria , Wijaya Reza Sastra , Saputra Yulfa Haris
Published: March 2021

Limbah sering dikenal dengan sampah yang merupakan suatu bahan buangan hasil proses produksi industry dan rumah tangga dimana kehadirannya tidak diinginkan. Salah satu limbah yang adalah limbah kaca. Limbah kaca banyak terdapat ditemukan di tempat-tempat industri kaca seperti akuarium, pabrik botol minuman, pengolahan lemari kaca dan lain sebagainya. Desa jalin adalah salah satu kawasan di kota jantho aceh besar yang memiliki potensi kunjungan wisata alam yang ramah bagi seluruh kalangan. Oleh karena itu alangkah baiknya Kawasan ini dapat sekaligus dijadikan sebagai tempat pengolahan benda seni sebagai penambah daya tarik, salah satunya pengolahan limbah kaca. limbah kaca tersebut diolah dan dimanfaatkan agar menjadi suatu barang yang bernilai ekonomis. Salah satu cara mengolah limbah kaca menjadi produk seni kaligrafi yang bernilai ekonomis bagi masyarakat di kota jalin Jantho, Aceh Besar. Langkah dalam melakukan pengabdian masyarakat ini terdiri dari dua tahap, tahap pertama identifikasi masalah dan tahap kedua penyusunan program. Dalam penyusunan program terdiri dari beberapa tahapan antara lain : Persiapan kepada masyarakat, Pengenalan souvenir-souvenir yang  menghasilkan produk yang kita inginkan dan cara pembuatannya, Mengajarkan kepada masyarakat cara mengolah bahan dan membuat produk di kampung Jalin. Cesspit is often known as rubbish which is a cesspit material produced by industrial and home industry production processes where its presence is undesirable. One cesspit that is glass cesspit. Glass cesspit is found in many places in the glass industry such as aquariums, beverage bottle factories, glass cabinet processing and so on. The jalin vilage  is one of the regions in the  Aceh Besar  jantho city that has the potential for friendly natural tourist visits for all walks of life. Therefore it would be nice this area can also be used as a place of processing of art objects as an addition to attraction, one of which is the treatment of glass cesspit. The glass cesspit is processed and utilized to become an economically valuable item. One way to process glass cesspit into calligraphy art products that are of economic value to people in the intertwined city of Jantho, Aceh Besar. This step in conducting community service consists of two stages, the first stage is the identification of problems and the second stage is the preparation of the program. In the preparation of the program consists of several stages, among others: Preparation to the community, introduction of souvenirs that produce the products we want and how to make them, teach the community how to process ingredients and make products in the village of Jalin
NILAI SOSIAL PENDAKIAN GUNUNG SEBAGAI SUMBER IDE PENCIPTAAN SENI LUKIS
Authors: Pambudi Arif Satriyo
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penciptaan yaitu untuk memvisualisasikan nilai sosial pendakian gunung sebagai sumber ide penciptaan seni lukis. Proses penciptaan berpedoman kepada metode penciptaan seni berbasis praktik (Practice Based Research). Lukisan ini disajikan melalui gaya surealis. Lukisan yang dihasilkan berjumlah 6 buah dengan berbagai ukuran yaitu kebersamaan dengan ukuran (100 x 120 cm), dan karya selanjutnya adalah terbongkar dengan ukuran (80 x 100 cm), sumber kehidupan dengan ukuran (80 x 100 cm ),siang malam dengan ukuran (80 x 100 cm) kesetaraan dengan ukuran (80 x 100 cm), semut kecil dengan ukuran (80 x 110 cm ). The purposes of creation is visualized the social value of mountain climbing as a source of painting creation ideas. The purposes of creation is guided by methods of practice-based research. This painting is presented in a surreal style. The paintings produced amounted to six pieces of various sizes, namely togetherness with sizes (100 x 120 cm), and the next work is uncovered with size (80 x 100 cm), source of life with size (80 x 100 cm), day and night with sizes ( 80 x 100 cm) equality in sizes (80 x 100 cm), small ants in sizes (80 x 110 cm).
TRANSFORMASI WAYANG BEBER DALAM BATIK LUKIS
Authors: Kumara Stefanus Bintang
Published: March 2021

Wayang beber merupakan salah satu artefak budaya Nusantara yang berasal dari Jawa, hingga saat ini wayang beber asli masih dijaga keberadaannya dengan baik. Namun dengan berkembangnya zaman, wayang ini kurang diminati oleh masyarakat dan lebih cenderung memilih produk atau hiburan  yang lebih modern. Fenomena tersebut memantik untuk berupaya mempopulerkan dan memperkenalkan kembali wayang beber dengan mengembangkan bentuk visual, tampilan, hingga material. Tujuan penciptaan ini adalah mengembangkan seni tradisi wayang beber melalui media batik dan mewujudkan bentuk visual baru dalam wayang beber. Penciptaan karya dimulai dari pembuatan sketsa perancangan, persiapan alat, bahan, hingga sampai ke proses perwujudan dengan menggunakan teknik tutup celup, lorodan. Tahap berikutnya pemindahan sketsa pada kain, pencantingan, pewarnaan, pelorodan, dan display. Pada proses penciptaan ini diperkuat oleh teori-teori pendukung, yakni teori transformasi dan adaptasi. Karya yang dihasilkan dalam penciptaan ini adalah batik lukis dengan ide wayang beber Pacitan (Joko Kembang Kuning). Karya batik ini mengembangkan bentuk visual dari wayang Pacitan dan mengadopsi adegan cerita pada gulungan gambar. Bentuk figur, warna, komposisi dikembangkan sehingga  terdapat bentuk pembeda dari gambar wayang asli. Batik lukis dengan ide wayang beber Pacitan dibuat agar menambah daya tarik masyarakat akan wayang beber, serta memberikan pengetahuan akan pentingnya kesenian budaya Indonesia.The wayang beber is one of the archipelago cultural artifacts originating from Java, until now the original wayang beber still is well preserved. However with the development of the times, this wayang is less attractive to the public and more likely to choose products or entertainment that is more modern. This phenomenon triggers to attempt to popularize and reintroduce wayang beber by developing visual forms, appearance, and material. The purpose of this creation is to develop the art of the wayang beber tradition through batik media and to realize new visual forms in the wayang beber.The creation of this work starts from the making of design sketches, preparation of tools, materials, up to the embodiment process using the technique of dyeing, lorodan. The next step is sketch transfer to fabric, coloring, pelorodan, and display. In the process of creation this is reinforced by supporting theories, namely the theory transformation and adaptation. The workproduced in this creation is apainting with the idea of wayang Pacitan (Jok Kembang Kuning). This batik work develops the visual form of the wayang Pacitan and adopts a story scene on a picture roll. Figure shapes, colors, compositions are developed so there are distinguishing forms from original wayang picture. Batik painted with the idea of Pacitan wayang beber was made in order to add to the appeal of the public about wayang beber, as well as providing knowledge of the importance of indonesian cultural arts.
Estimating the potential cooling effect of cirrus thinning achieved via
the seeding approach
Authors: Liu Jiaojiao , Shi Xiangjun
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Cirrus thinning is a newly emerging geoengineering approach to mitigate global warming. To sufficiently exploit the potential cooling effect of cirrus thinning with the seeding approach, a flexible seeding method is used to calculate the optimal seeding number concentration, which is just enough to prevent homogeneous ice nucleation from occurring. A simulation using the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) with the flexible seeding method shows a global cooling effect of 1.36 ± 0.18 W m−2, which is approximately two-thirds of that from artificially turning off homogeneous nucleation (−1.98 ± 0.26 W m−2). However, simulations with fixed seeding ice nuclei particle number concentrations of 20 and 200 L−1 show a weak cooling effect of −0.27 ± 0.26 W m−2 and warming effect of 0.35 ± 0.28 W m−2, respectively. Further analysis shows that cirrus seeding leads to a significant warming effect of liquid and mixed-phase clouds, which counteracts the cooling effect of cirrus clouds. This counteraction is more prominent at low latitudes and leads to a pronounced net warm effect over some low latitude regions. The sensitivity experiment shows that cirrus seeding carried out at latitudes with solar noon zenith angles greater than 12° could yields a stronger global cooling effect of −2.00 ± 0.25 W m−2. Overall, the potential cooling effect of cirrus thinning is considerable, and the flexible seeding method is essential.
Real-time UV-Index retrieval in Europe using Earth Observation
based techniques and validation against ground-based measurements
Authors: Kosmopoulos Panagiotis G. , Kazadzis Stelios , Schmalwieser Alois W. , Raptis Panagiotis I. , Papachristopoulou Kyriakoula , Fountoulakis Ilias , Masoom Akriti , Bais Alkiviadis F. , Bilbao Julia , Blumthaler Mario , Kreuter Axel , Siani Anna Maria , Eleftheratos Kostas , Topaloglou Chrysanthi , Gröbner Julian , Johnsen Bjørn , Svendby Tove , Vilaplana Jose Manuel , Doppler Lionel , Webb Ann R. , Khazova Marina , De Backer Hugo , Heikkilä Anu , Lakkala Kaisa , Jaroslawski Janusz , Meleti Charikleia , Diémoz Henri , Hülsen Gregor , Klotz Barbara , Rimmer John , Kontoes Charalampos
Published: March 2021

Abstract. This study introduces an Earth observation (EO)-based system which is capable of operationally estimating and continuously monitoring the ultraviolet index (UVI) in Europe. The UVIOS (i.e. UV-Index Operating System) exploits a synergy of radiative transfer models with high performance computing and EO data from satellites (Meteosat Second Generation and Meteorological Operational Satellite-B), and retrieval processes (Tropospheric Emission Monitoring Internet Service, Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service and the Global Land Service). It provides a near-real-time now-casting and short-term forecasting service for UV radiation over Europe. The main atmospheric inputs for the UVI simulations include ozone, clouds and aerosols while the impacts of ground elevation and surface albedo are also taken into account. The UVIOS output is the UVI at high spatial and temporal resolution (5 km and 15 minutes, respectively) for Europe (i.e. 1.5 million pixels) in real-time. The UVI is empirically related to biologically important UV dose rates and the reliability of this EO-based solution was verified against ground-based measurements from 17 stations across Europe. Stations are equipped with spectral, broadband or multi-filter instruments and cover a range of topographic and atmospheric conditions. A period of over one year of forecasted 15-min retrievals under all sky conditions were compared with the ground–based measurements. UVIOS forecasts were within ±0.5 of measured UVI for at least 70 % of the data compared at all stations. For clear sky conditions the agreement was better than 0.5 UVI for 80 % of the data. A sensitivity analysis of EO inputs and UVIOS outputs was performed in order to quantify the level of uncertainty in the derived products, and to identify the covariance between the accuracy of the output and the spatial and temporal resolution, and the quality of the inputs. Overall, UVIOS slightly overestimated UVI due to observational uncertainties in inputs of cloud and aerosol. This service will hopefully contribute to EO capabilities and will assist the provision of operational early warning systems that will help raise awareness among European Union citizens of the health implications of high UVI doses.
Early winter barium excess in the Southern Indian Ocean as an
annual remineralisation proxy (GEOTRACES GIPr07 cruise)
Authors: van Horsten Natasha René , Planquette Hélène , Sarthou Géraldine , Ryan-Keogh Thomas James , Mtshali Thato Nicholas , Roychoudhury Alakendra , Bucciarelli Eva
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The Southern Ocean is of global importance and processes such as mesopelagic remineralisation that impact the efficiency of the biological carbon pump in this region is of substantial interest. During this study the proxy barium excess which is utilised to shed light on mesopelagic remineralisation was measured at seven stations along 30° E in the Southern Indian Ocean during early austral winter of 2017. To our knowledge this is the first reported winter study utilising this proxy in the Southern Ocean. Concentrations of 59 to 684 pmol L−1 were comparable to those observed throughout other seasons, indicating that this proxy has a longer timescale than previously thought. Background barium excess values observed in deep waters were also similar to previous studies, not having declined down to an expected true Southern Ocean background value. It is apparent that processes driving the mesopelagic barium excess signal are still underway during early winter. Indicating that continuous remineralisation is sustained at levels comparable to summer, well after bloom termination. Moreover, linking integrated remote sensing primary production to the mesopelagic barium excess signal reiterates a longer timescale. The significant positive correlations obtained in the Antarctic and Subantarctic zones suggest that mesopelagic barium excess stock can be used as a remineralisation proxy on an annual timescale and possible inference of carbon remineralisation from remote sensing data on an annual and basin scale.
Rainfall erosivity mapping over mainland China based on high
density hourly rainfall records
Authors: Yue Tianyu , Yin Shuiqing , Xie Yun , Yu Bofu , Liu Baoyuan
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Rainfall erosivity represents the effect of rainfall and runoff on the average rate of soil erosion. Maps of rainfall erosivity are indispensable for soil erosion assessment using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and its successors. To improve current erosivity maps based on daily rainfall data for mainland China, hourly rainfall data from 2381 stations for the period 1951–2018 were collected to generate the R factor and the 1-in-10-year EI30 maps (available at https://dx.doi.org/10.12275/bnu.clicia.rainfallerosivity.CN.001; Yue et al., 2020). Rainfall data at 1-min intervals from 62 stations (18 stations) were collected to calculate rainfall erosivities as true values to evaluate the improvement of the new R factor map (1-in-10-year EI30 map) from the current maps. Both the R factor and 1-in-10-year EI30 decreased from the southeastern to the northwestern, ranging from 0 to 25300 MJ mm ha−1 h−1 a−1 for the R factor and 0 to 11246 MJ mm ha−1 h−1 for the 1-in-10-year EI30. New maps indicated current maps existed an underestimation for most of the southeastern areas and an overestimation for most of the middle and western areas. Comparing with the current maps, the R factor map generated in this study improved the accuracy from 19.4 % to 15.9 % in the mid-western and eastern regions, from 45.2 % to 21.6 % in the western region, and the 1-in-10-year EI30 map in the mid-western and eastern regions improved the accuracy from 21.7 % to 13.0 %. The improvement of the new R factor map can be mainly contributed to the increase of data resolution from daily data to hourly data, whereas that of new 1-in-10-year EI30 map to the increase of the number of stations from 744 to 2381. The effect of increasing the number of stations to improve the interpolation seems to be not very obvious when the station density was denser than about 10 · 103 km2 1 station.