bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examınatıon of The Relatıonshıp Between Fans' Opınıons On The Source Of Vıolence In Football And Levels Of Identıfıcatıon In Sports
Authors: Bozkurt Eren İbrahim , Çeviker Abdulkerim
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between fans' views on the sources of violence in football and their levels of identification with sports. A total of 283 participants, including 252 males and 31 females, took part in the survey, and the results were analyzed. Since the data showed a normal distribution, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Independent t-tests were used. Pearson Correlation test was used to determine the relationship between the sub-dimensions of the scale. According to the findings of the study, there was a positive weak relationship between identification and the sub-dimensions of violence associated with sports media, referee decisions, coaches and managers, and athlete behaviors (p
Atletlerde Alet Destekli Yumuşak Doku Mobilizasyonu ve Kinezyolojik Bant Uygulamalarının Denge ve Çeviklik Üzerindeki Akut Etkileri: Randomize Kontrollü Bir Çalışma
Authors: Kurt Duygu , Dikmen Hoşbaş Beyzanur , Karamancıoğlu Berna , Demirci Deniz
Published: April 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, atletizm sporcularında hamstring kasına uygulanan alet destekli yumuşak doku mobilizasyonu (ADYDM) ve kinezyolojik bant (KB) uygulamalarının denge ve çeviklik üzerine akut etkilerini karşılaştırmaktır. Çalışmaya; 10-30 yaşları arasında, 45 (KBG=15, ADYDMG =15, Kontrol Grubu =15) atletizm sporcusu (kısa mesafe koşu ve uzun mesafe koşu) dahil edilmiştir. Bilgisayar tarafından oluşturulan liste aracılığı ile basit randomizasyon yöntemi kullanılarak katılımcıları üç gruba atanmıştır: bir gruba kinezyolojik bantlama (KBG), bir gruba alet destekli yumuşak doku mobilizasyonu (ADYDMG) ve kontrol grubu (KG). Üç grubun da denge ve çeviklik parametreleri müdahale öncesinde ve sonrasında Yıldız Denge Testi ve Çeviklik T testi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. ADYDM ve KB gruplarının çeviklik bulguları grup içi anlamlı iyileşme gösterirken (p0,05). Müdahale sonrası karşılaştırmada çevikilik gruplar arasında anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemiştir. Yıldız Denge Testi sağ ve sol alt ektremitelerde üç grupta da grup içi anlamlı farklılık gösterirken (p0,05). ADYDM ve KB uygulamalarının, denge ve çeviklik üzerine olumlu akut etkilerinin olduğu ve birbirlerine üstünlüklerinin olmadığı görülmüştür.
Boksörlerde Alt ve Üst Ekstremite Reaktif Kuvvet İndeksleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Anli Fatma , Ramazanoğlu Nusret , Gerçek Nejla , Cumbur Cansel , Sani Fatih , Gülmez İrfan , Yılmaz Semih
Published: April 2024

Reaktif kuvvet indeksi (RKİ), patlayıcı kuvvet gerektiren spor branşlarında pliometrik antrenman yükünün ve yoğunluğunun belirlenmesi için kullanılmaktadır. Sporcuların yıllık programları içerisinde üst ekstremite pliometrik antrenmanları uygulanmasına rağmen RKİ çalışmalarına rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, üst ekstremitenin baskın olarak kullanıldığı boks sporunda şınav ve sıçrama teknikleriyle oluşturulan alt ve üst ekstremite reaktif kuvvet indekslerinin belirlenmesi ve aralarındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya, 18-35 yaş aralığında (yaş:20,9±4,83; boy:1,76±.072; VKİ:22,42±2,39), en az 4 yıllık boks geçmişi olan 20 lisanslı erkek boksör katılmıştır. Boksörlerin RKİ değerleri; derinlik şınav (10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm) ve derinlik sıçrama (30 cm, 45 cm, 60 cm), patlayıcı şınav, çök-sıçra hareketleri sırasında belirlenmiştir. Alt ve üst ekstremite RKİ değerleri kuvvet platformu (TekScan, Matscan, model 3150, Boston, USA) kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Kuvvet platformundan elde edilen sıçrama yükseklikleri ve temas süreleri kullanılarak RKİ hesaplaması yapılmıştır. Sınav ve sıçrama hareketleri sırasında elde edilen alt ve üst ekstremite RKİ değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır (p>0.05). Çök-sıçra ve derinlik sıçrama karşılaştırdığında ise, teknikler sırasında oluşturulan RKİ değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p0,05). Boksörler hızlı ve etkili yumruk atmak için, yer tepki kuvvetinden faydalanarak oluşturdukları gücü gövde vasıtasıyla üst ektremitelere aktarırlar. Bu çalışmada alt ve üst ekstremite RKİ değerleri arasında ilişki bulunmaması, üst ekstremiteyle kuvvet oluştururken gövdenin de önemli rolünün olmasından kaynaklanmış olabilir. Bunun yanında, farklı şınav teknikleri ve farklı sıçrama tekniklerinin RKİ değerlerinin değişken olmasının, düzenlenecek pliometrik antrenmanların yükünün ve yoğunluğunun belirlenmesine ışık tutacağı düşünülmektedir.
An Analysis of the Wool Characteristics That Determine the Wool Price for White Wool in South Africa
Authors: Zenda M. , Malan P.J. , Geyer A.C.
Published: April 2024

This study evaluates the effects of white wool's characteristics (fibre diameter/fineness, staple strength, vegetable matter, and staple length) that contribute to determining the wool price in South Africa. The analysis was based on wool price data for the 2009 to 2019 production seasons. A multiple regression analysis of the price (R/kg) of White wool was applied to four independent variables: fibre diameter/fineness, staple strength, vegetable matter and staple length. Fibre diameter, staple length and clean yield, except vegetable matter, made a significant contribution (p < 0.05) to the determination of wool price after all other independent variables were controlled. A one-unit increase in staple length was associated with a 0.018-unit increase in wool price (R/kg). One unit (micron) increase in fibre diameter/fineness resulted in a 0.331 unit decrease in wool price (R/kg). One unit (percentage) increase in clean yield resulted in a 0.115 unit increase in wool price (R/kg). The analysis found that a 1% increase in clean yield, a measure of the amount of clean, usable wool produced by a sheep, was associated with an average increase of 0.115 R/kg in the price of wool. This means that as clean yield increases, wool price tends to increase. Clean yield varies within sheep flocks due to varying amounts of wax and contaminants such as vegetable matter dirt, breed of sheep, and the environmental conditions during wool growth. There was no statistically significant association between vegetable matter and wool price. Wool farmers need to produce wool with low fibre diameter, good length of wool and high clean yield percentage for White wool. Additionally, farmers should focus on improving their production and marketing practices, and policymakers should consider implementing policies that support the wool industry and increase its competitiveness.
Contribuições da Geração Fotovoltaica no Alcance dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Authors: Scolari Bruno Sabino , Strauhs Faimara do Rocio
Published: April 2024

Na busca pela sustentabilidade energética a energia solar fotovoltaica (FV) vem se destacando como uma solução para promover o desenvolvimento sustentável do setor. À medida que a tecnologia FV se expande surge a necessidade de estudos que avaliem como esse novo mercado afeta a busca pela sustentabilidade ambiental, social e econômica. Seguindo uma abordagem interdisciplinar, e baseado no paradigma epistemológico da Design Science, o objetivo do presente estudo foi levantar as contribuições da geração distribuída fotovoltaica para o alcance de cada um dos dezessete Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). Para tanto caracterizou-se, por meio de revisão sistemática da literatura – RSL, o estado da arte a respeito do tema. Subsidiados pela RSL e apoiados na literatura de base sobre o assunto, elaborou-se um quadro descritivo das contribuições da geração FV para o alcance de cada um dos ODS. A seguir a relevância das contribuições levantadas para o alcance de cada ODS foi avaliada quantitativamente. Identificou-se que a geração FV contribui para o alcance de todos os ODS, sendo que essa contribuição possui maior ou menor relevância dependendo do ODS considerado. Verificou-se que ela é de relevância intrínseca para o alcance do ODS 7 – Energia Limpa e Renovável, do ODS 11 – Cidades e Comunidades Sustentáveis e do ODS 13 – Ação Contra Mudança Global do Clima. Este estudo se apresenta como um passo na direção de um melhor entendimento eco socioeconômico da geração FV, de modo a contribuir para o avanço desta tecnologia e das tomadas de decisão no setor.
Resíduos Rurais e Energia: Estado da Arte e Análise Documental sobre a Implementação de Políticas Públicas no Brasil
Authors: Aguiar João Carlos Belarmino , Silva Luciana Santos Costa Vieira da , Silva Wesley Vieira da
Published: April 2024

Objetivo – Apresentar contribuições do estado arte sobre resíduos rurais e energia em âmbito internacional, e analisar a atuação dos burocratas de nível de rua na implementação de políticas públicas sobre o tema no Brasil. Metodologia – Para o estado da arte foi utilizado o mapeamento sistemático de literatura e para a análise da atuação dos burocratas de nível rua foi realizada pesquisa documental em documentos institucionais baseado na  teoria de Bonelli et al (2019) sob as perspectivas estrutural, ação individual e relacional. Originalidade/relevância – O gap do estudo reside no fato de que a busca dos termos “resíduos rurais” e “energia” não abrangem um estado da arte ou um estado do conhecimento sobre a temática, bem como não foi identificada análise da teoria de Bonelli et al. (2019) sobre a atuação dos burocratas de nível de rua em pesquisa documental, o que demonstra a relevância acadêmica do estudo. Resultados – O estado da arte aponta para questões importantes como diagnóstico dos resíduos rurais, envolvimento do estado, da comunidade, de especialistas e de decisores, e para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias e de técnicas, com análise da viabilidade econômica e de barreiras sobre a temática. A aplicação da teoria de Bonelli et al. (2019) permitiu avaliar parcialmente o potencial para implementação de política pública sobre o tema. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas – foi possível aplicar a teoria de Bonelli et al (2019) em pesquisa documental. Sugestões pesquisas futuras – vislumbram-se debates acadêmicos e estudos sobre a implementação de políticas públicas relacionadas ao assunto.
Artificial intelligence-assisted measurements of coronary computed tomography angiography parameters such as stenosis, flow reserve, and fat attenuation for predicting major adverse cardiac events in patients with coronary arterial disease
Authors: Luo Cheng , Mo Liang , Zeng Zisan , Jiang Muliang , Chen Bihong T.
Published: April 2024

Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) offer promising tools for improving diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes in cardiovascular medicine. This study explores the potential of AI-assisted measurements in enhancing the prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving patients diagnosed with CAD who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Participants were classified into MACE and non-MACE groups based on their clinical outcomes. Clinical characteristics and AI-assisted measurements of CCTA parameters, including CT-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) and fat attenuation index (FAI), were collected. Both univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of MACE, which were used to build predictive models. Statistical analyses revealed three independent predictors of MACE: severe stenosis, CT-FFR ≤ 0.8, and mean FAI (P < 0.05). Seven predictive models incorporating various combinations of these predictors were developed. The model combining all three predictors demonstrated superior performance, as evidenced by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.811 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.774 – 0.847), a sensitivity of 0.776, and a specificity of 0.726. Our findings suggest that AI-assisted CCTA analysis, particularly using fractional flow reserve (FFR) and FAI, could significantly improve the prediction of MACE in patients with CAD, thereby potentially aiding clinical decision making.
Use of Biomedical Engineering for Rehabilitation of Patients with Disability Caused by Guillain-Barré Syndrome: a Systematic Review
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Torres-Reyes Andrés Burjand , Reyes-Hernández Ivette ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Domínguez-Ramírez Omar Arturo ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tellez-Lopez Ana María ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
Published: April 2024

This systematic review aims to assess the extent to which biomedical engineering has been applied in the rehabilitation of patients suffering from Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), given the scarcity of information on this topic. We conducted a thorough analysis of research articles, conference abstracts, and case reports published between 2000 and 2023, specifically from ScienceDirect, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Springer, and Dimensions. 19 articles were extensively discussed, complemented by an additional 40 information sources providing supplementary information. Each paper underwent a meticulous review process by the four authors, where each separately examined the title and abstract of the papers and subsequently provided a thorough examination of the full text; when conflicts arose, a clear consensus was reached through discussion. The analysis of the articles revealed a notable improvement in upper and lower limb function of GBS patients that was facilitated by both custom-made and commercial devices. Likewise, a small handful of other devices have been used (e.g., to improve urinary retention issues). There is a clear opportunity for new research, innovation and applications.
Nuclear genome size analysis in Krascheninnikovia ceratoides s. l. (Amaranthaceae)
Authors:   Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, Lomonosova Maria N. , Pankova Tatyana V. ,   Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, Korolyuk Elena A. ,   Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, Shaulo Dmitry N. ,   Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, Osmonali Bektemir ,   Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Nikolin Evgenii G. ,   Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone SB RAS
Published: April 2024

The total nuclear DNA amount (2C value) of 75 individuals of Krascheninnikovia ceratoides s. l. was assessed by flow cytometry in 16 populations. The mean 2C value in all samples ranged from 2.59 to 6.99 pg. The relationship between total 2C values and ploidy level was calibrated using chromosome counting in four populations. Diploids (2n = 18) and tetraploids (2n = 36) were revealed. In diploid plants, mean 2C value varied between 2.59 to 3.72 pg, in tetraploids − from 6.04 to 6.99 pg. The GS of diploids is approximately half the GS of tetraploids. Diploids were observed in seven populations from the Orenburg Region and the Republic of Tyva (Russia), Kyzylorda and Almaty Regions (Kazakhstan). Tetraploids were recorded in eight populations from Kazakhstan, Orenburg and Novosibirsk Regions, from the Republics of Altai and Sakha (Yakutia). One mixed population was found in the Republic of Khakassia represented by di- and tetraploids. We did not find any regularity in the geographical distribution of the two cytotypes. The studied plants showed no significant morphological features of taxonomic value, therefore we consider all the samples belong to Krascheninnikovia ceratoides s. str.
Floristic classification of opportunistic green macroalgae communities of the European myxomesohaline seas
Authors:   Azov-Black Sea Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Afanasyev Dmitry F. ,   Don State Technical University, Abdullin Shamil R. ,   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS
Published: April 2024

Shallow-water communities of opportunistic green marine macroalgae in eutrophicated areas are currently gaining an advantage over communities dominated by other groups of macrophytes. Therefore, their classification, study of composition and observation of structural changes are of particular importance. One class (Ulvae intestinalis–Ulvetea linzae), one order (Ulvae intestinalis–Ulvetalia linzae), three alliances (Ulvae intestinalis–Ulvion linzae, Ulvae intestinalis– Ceramion virgati, Ulvae rigidae–Gelidion spinosi) and three new associations of macroalgal communities of meso- and polysaprobic sublittoral vegetation within the shelf of the Black, Azov and Baltic Seas are described for the first time, using the Braun-Blanquet approach. Principal components analysis revealed two main factors influencing the floristic composition of the investigated communities: salinity and nutrient enrichment with associated turbidity. The proposed classification of opportunistic communities of green algae should be used in assessing the dynamics of the state of vegetation during eutrophication of the aquatic environment.
Adapting Businesses to the 6G Security Paradigm: Insights from Commerce 5.0
Authors: Amin Ruhul , Goda Dileep Reddy , Ande Janaki Rama Phanendra Kumar
Published: April 2024

Within the context of Commerce 5.0, this study examines organizations' potential and difficulties when adjusting to the 6G security paradigm. The primary goals are to look into how 6G technology is developing, assess cybersecurity opportunities and problems, pinpoint strategic imperatives for business adaptation, investigate using Commerce 5.0 to gain a competitive edge, and look at upcoming trends and things business leaders should know. The approach used is a thorough analysis of the knowledge and insights from Commerce 5.0. Key findings point to the revolutionary potential of 6G technology for enterprises, new cybersecurity requirements, and strategic imperatives. The report emphasizes the significance of valuing ethics and cybersecurity readiness and embracing hyperconnectivity, customization, and innovation. The consequences of policy point to the need for infrastructure spending, cybersecurity best practices promotion, encouragement of innovation and teamwork, and the creation of regulatory frameworks for new technology. This study offers insightful information to industry stakeholders, legislators, and corporate executives trying to make sense of the intricacies of the 6G security paradigm while promoting innovation and expansion in the digital economy.
Chang An and Chinese Culture Communication
Authors: Wu Yuxin
Published: April 2024

Chang An is a good example of telling Chinese stories and promoting Chinese culture internationally. This article explains the reasons why Chang An has been so successful and how it has gained international recognition. It emphasizes the importance of translation quality when spreading Chinese culture and the effective utilization of new media to successfully promote it abroad.
On the Replacement of Human Translation by Machine Translation in News Translation
Authors: Ding Yiwei , Sun Yu
Published: April 2024

After decades of development, the level of machine translation is changing day by day, and is widely used in many aspects. News translation focuses on accuracy and effectiveness at the same time. In the current information explosion era, professional news translators have to deal with a large number of scripts every day, and the use of machine translation of news scripts ensures a high accuracy rate while pursuing high efficiency. By comparing, analyzing and scoring the results of machine translation and human translation on the standard of accuracy, loyalty, and fluency, the author concludes that: machine translation is still subject to various types of errors in news translation and cannot completely replace human translation, but translators can modify the translation according to the results of machine translation, thus improving work efficiency.
Underpassivization Errors by Japanese EFL Learners: A Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Fukaya Nobuyo
Published: April 2024

It is widely known that English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners wrongly produce passives with intransitive verbs such as happen and appear, which is called overpassivization. This study aims to explore constructions with the prototypical dative verb give and provide a theoretical account of errors that Japanese EFL learners frequently make based on data collected from the Japanese EFL Learner Corpus. The results reveal cases in which the sentence looks active, but its interpretation is passive, called underpassivization. For example, I gave this book, we infer that “I” is the person who offered this toy to someone. However, a detailed analysis reveals cases in which “I” refers to the recipient of the toy; that is, the speaker intended to say “I was given this toy.” This corpus-based study assumes that underpassivization errors are created by moving the recipient originating in VP to the specifier position of IP, the subject position.
Correlation between clinical, radiological and arthroscopic findings in cases of osteoarthritis of knee joint
Authors: Kuila Pritam Kalyan , Hazra Rishov , Ahmed Arshad , Roy Rajiv
Published: May 2024

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disorder and a major public health problem throughout the world. The knees are the most commonly affected joints. In view of multiple conflicting reports in the literature the present study was undertaken to study the correlation amongst radiological, arthroscopic and pain findings in knee OA patients to facilitate early and precise diagnosis leading to appropriate and timely treatment.
Methods: Total 53 (39 female and 14 male) cases of primary OA were screened and selected for our study. Apley’s pain score equated to Visual Analogue Score and Western Ontario and MacMaster Universities Osteoarthritis score (WOMAC) sub scales were used for assessment of pain, stiffness and physical function respectively. Radiographic evaluation were done according to Kellgren-Lawrence Grading scale (X-ray) and modification of Outerbridge classification system (MRI). Outerbridge classification system was used to assess arthroscopic findings.
Results: Clinical symptom of pain had statistically significant correlation with stiffness, physical disability, radiological severity and arthroscopic findings. Stiffness and physical disability scores individually doesn’t have any statistically significant correlation with MRI and arthroscopic severity. Radiological findings were found to corroborate with the arthroscopic findings significantly.
Conclusions: Radiological and clinical findings in combination should be considered in concluding the final diagnosis and treatment of OA knee. Improvised criteria for precise diagnosis yet to be evolved.
Bilateral cadaveric variations of musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve in the anterior brachium: a case report
Authors: Periyasamy Vinodhini , Kishore G. Krishna , Ramachandra Raghavendhra Devanga
Published: May 2024

Formation of the brachial plexus is by the union of ventral rami of C5-T1 spinal nerves. The musculocutaneous nerve is a continuation of the lateral cord, pierces the coracobrachialis and supplies the flexor compartment of the arm. Our case report presents a unique bilateral cadaveric variation in the musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve branching patterns, in the flexor compartment of the arm. A case report of bilateral variations of musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve (R-Right, L-Left) was found during the routine dissection in the Department of Anatomy, Shridevi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Hospital, Tumakuru. From the right lateral cord, separation of few nerve fibres forming the lateral root of the median nerve was appreciated. The lateral root joins the medial root of the medial cord, after emerging out of the ulnar nerve and forms the initial segment of median nerve. Before the union of lateral and medial roots of initial segment of median nerve, ulnar nerve, medial cutaneous nerve of arm and medial cutaneous nerve of forearm descends along the medial aspect of the right arm. From the left lateral cord musculocutaneous nerve pierces the coracobrachialis. Before piercing the muscle, it gives one vascular branch and a motor branch. After piercing, the musculocutaneous nerve runs downwards and gives a motor branch to left biceps brachii. Variations of brachial plexus are frequently subjected to compression neuropathy. During surgical approaches to the brachium region, awareness about the anatomical variations of lateral and medial cords is mandatory for diagnosing the peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome. An integrated understanding of these branches prevent iatrogenic injuries during surgical procedures.
Comparative analysis of stress levels and quality of life among medical students in Southern Asia and South Caucasus
Authors: Kurup R. Gowri , Kumar Janardanan
Published: May 2024

Background: Medicine is a challenging study and is known for its demanding nature. This also results in increased stress levels among students. Understanding factors that influence stress and quality of life from medical students in different regions is important for the development of effective interventions and support systems.
Methods: A meticulous quantitative method approach has been utilized. This research is done via data fetched through a questionnaire. Statistical analyses are comprised of t-tests and correlation tests to employ a dissection of quantitative data while the data is subjected to analysis to uncover the underlying patterns and nuances. These results showcase crucial disparities in the stress levels between medical students in Southern Asia and the South Caucasus while imparting light on factors impacting the quality of life experienced by students in both regions.
Results: The implications of this study hold primary significance for sharing information with targeted interventions with an aim at bolstering the mental health and academic performance of medical students in both the areas of Southern Asia and the South Caucasus.
Conclusions: The major objective of this study is to hold comparisons of stress levels and quality aspects of life in Southern Asia and South Caucasus, with the identification of the multifaceted factors that contribute to the stress levels among students in both regions, understanding the various challenges and sharing a glimpse of actionable implications for interventions which are aimed at bolstering students’ well-being.
Didática multicultural, geografia humanística e linguagem
Authors: Nobre Carneiro Rosalvo
Published: May 2024

A partir de 1995, no Brasil, desenvolveu-se uma Didática Multicultural desde a área de Educação. No ensino, independente da raça, cultura, classe social ou língua, todos os estudantes devem vivenciar iguais chances de sucesso escolar. Além disso, outros temas negligenciados pela Didática Geral emergem, como o uso da linguagem. O objetivo é analisar a incorporação desse movimento pedagógico multicultural e linguístico nas discussões sobre Didática da Geografia, na perspectiva da educação geográfica humanística-cultural. Para tanto, revisa-se a literatura que aborda diretamente a temática, tendo por fonte as diferentes bases de dados. Complementarmente, preferem-se periódicos com escopo no ensino de Geografia. A análise dos materiais indica a não incorporação teórica dos estudos multiculturais em educação na discussão sobre Didática da Geografia. Da mesma forma, a linguagem aparece como meio de expressão ou de representação pelo cinema, pela música e pelas artes. Espera-se, assim, contribuir para a consolidação da Didática da Geografia como um campo sistematizado no Brasil. Ao mesmo tempo, propõem-se alguns encaminhamentos para uma Didática Humanística-Cultural em Geografia mediada pelo mundo da vida, partilhado intersubjetivamente pelos desiguais e pelos diferentes, e a linguagem em sua função comunicativa de gerar entendimentos entre as pessoas.
The role of microvascular obstruction and intramyocardial hemorrhage in reperfusion injury to the heart
Authors: Zavadovsky К. V. , Mukhomedzyanov А. V. , Maslov L. N. , Vyshlov Е. V. , Mochula О. V. , Sirotina М. А. , Ryumshina N. I. , Maksimova А. S. , Kan А. S. , Slidnevskaya А. S.
Published: April 2024

Microvascular obstruction (MVO) of coronary arteries promotes an increase in mortality and major adverse cardiac events in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) is observed in 41–50 % of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and PCI and is accompanied by inflammation. There is evidence that microthrombi are not involved in the development of MVO, which is associated with infarct size, the duration of ischemia, and myocardial edema. However, there is no conclusive evidence that the latter plays an important role in the development of MVO. There is evidence that platelets, inflammation, Ca2+ overload, neuropeptide Y, and endothelin-1 could be involved in the pathogenesis of MVO. The role of endothelial cell dysfunction in MVO formation in patients with AMI and PCI remains under question. It is unclear whether nitric oxide production is decreased in patients with MVO. It was obtained only indirect evidence on the involvement of inflammation in the development of MVO. The role of reactive oxygen species, necroptosis and pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of MVO is also not studied. The participation of thromboxane A2, vasopressin, and prostacyclin in the formation of MVO is unknown. It was not obtained conclusive evidence on the involvement of coronary artery spasm in the development of MVO. Dual antiplatelet therapy improves the efficacy of PCI in prevention of MVO. It is unknown whether epinephrine or L-type Ca2+-channel blockers improves coronary blood flow in patients with MVO.
Classification of the parathyroid glands and the frequency of occurrence of their different types in mature rats
Authors: Morozov V. N.
Published: April 2024

The parathyroid glands play an important role in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body. They are in close anatomical relationship with the thyroid gland and, considering their small size, can be accidentally removed during surgical interventions on it. To avoid mistakes, surgeons need to know the typical location of the parathyroid glands and non-typical variants. The laboratory animals, in particular white rats, can be used to improve the methods of surgical interventions and develop skills. Aim. To study the features of the location of the parathyroid glands relative to the lobes of the thyroid gland, classify into types and establish the frequency of their occurrence in mature rats. Material and methods. The study was carried out on 213 white outbred mature male rats. After taking the lobes of the thyroid gland with the parathyroid glands, the samples were processed according to the standard protocol. The sections of organs were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, toluidine blue, according to Van Gieson and to Grimelius. Light microscopy was used to study the location of the parathyroid glands on histological sections of the thyroid gland; the frequency of occurrence of each type was calculated. Results. In mature male rats, by location, one can distinguish typical, atypical and mixed parathyroid glands, occurring in 53.52, 45.54 and 0.94% of cases, respectively. Typical parathyroid glands in relation to the edge of the lobe of the thyroid gland are divided into centro-lateral and eccentrico-lateral; by invasion in the parenchyma of the lobes – marginal and incomplete; in shape – regular and irregular. Non-typical parathyroid glands are subdivided into single and group ones according to the number on the section of one lobe of the thyroid gland; by location – polar, intracapsular, occupying the center of the lobe or displaced from the center to the capsule; by invasion in the parenchyma of the lobes – without invasion, marginal, incomplete and complete; in shape – regular and irregular. Mixed parathyroid glands involve the presence of the typical and atypical glands by location in the same lobe of the thyroid gland. Conclusions. The parathyroid glands of mature male rats are characterized by a significant variability of localization in relation to the lobe of the thyroid gland – from superficial to complete invasion inside this organ, location in the pole or in the center, variability in shape and quantity.
Study of the lipid status and indicators of hemostasis among young men of different ethnic groups to assess thrombogenic risk
Authors: Tsaturyan L. D. , Tovmasyan V. Е. , Karabekyan Е. О. , Domenyuk D. А. , Tabunshchikova М. О.
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study was to investigate the lipid status and indicators of the system of hemostasis in healthy young men of different linguistic families of the North Caucasus region to assess the risk of development of thrombogenic states.. Material and methods. A survey of young men aged 18 to 21 years was carried out with the subsequent establishment of region of residence and nationality to form ethnic groups. Based on the information received during the survey, 62 people were selected: 32 young men of the Indo-European language family (Russians, Greeks, Armenians) and 30 young men of the North Caucasian language family (Chechens, Ingush, Avars, Dargins). The assessment of lipid status was carried out by the photocolorimetric method on a biochemical analyzer, and the analysis of indicators of the hemostasis system was carried out by the clotting method on an automatic coagulometer analyzer. Homocysteine levels were determined by chemiluminescent immunoassay on a microplate device. Genetic polymorphisms of the hemostatic system were identified using the real-time PCR. Results. Young men of the Indo-European language family have significantly more low density lipoprotein, triglyceride, homocysteine and antithrombine III content, than representatives of the North Caucasian language family (p < 0.001), and less total number and average platelet volume, prothrombin index, prothrombin concentration according to Quick (p < 0.001). There was also a significantly more frequent occurrence of mutations of the gene encoding fibrinase (p < 0.05) in young men of the Indo-European language family. Conclusions. A comprehensive study among young men of different ethnicities illustrates ethnic differences in lipid status and homocysteine level. Analysis of the main indicators of coagulogram and genetic polymorphism of the hemostasis system allowed us to establish a higher risk of thrombogenic conditions and atherosclerosis in young men of the North Caucasian language family
Investigation of multinucleation and apoptosis of macrophages of BCG-infected mice and their production of cathepsins and matrix metalloproteinases
Authors: Il’in D. А.
Published: April 2024

The relevance of the study of the role of macrophages and their multinucleated forms in the pathogenesis of tuberculous granulomatosis is determined by its wide prevalence, the presence of severe socio-economic consequences of its morbidity and necrotic complications, which are based on the high destructive potential of macrophages associated with the role of hydrolases in the degradation of extracellular matrix components. Aim of the study was to investigate the features of the multinucleation, apoptosis and expression of a number of hydrolases in macrophages of BCG-infected mice. Material and methods. The intensity of macrophage multinucleation and apoptosis, the peculiarities of their expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-9), catepsins (CatB, CatD), caspase-3, and p53 protein were studied in peritoneal cells cultures of intact and BCG-infected BALB/c mice. Results. The number of multinucleated macrophages increased according to the terms of the experiment, having a maximum value for 3 months of observation, but after 2 months almost reaching this level. The realization of apoptosis, multinucleation of macrophages had a complex character, determining the composition of their subpopulations. The dynamics of the expression of the studied hydrolases by macrophages indicated their unequal role in tissue necrosis at various stages of granulomogenesis. The high functional ability of multinucleated macrophages to produce hydrolases of certain types is shown. Intense expression of MMP-1 in the early stages of granulomogenesis and its maximum value, as well as CatD expression for 3 months, and strong expression of MMP-9 for 6 months were noted. Conclusions. Stimulation of plastic processes in macrophages under conditions of BCG-granulomatosis determines the formation of multinucleated macrophages with high functional potential and intensive expression of hydrolases by macrophages for 2 and 3 months of granulomogenesis. These are periods of high risk of necrotic complications of tuberculous granulomatosis, which should be taken into account when developing methods for their prevention and therapeutic correction.
Effect of per os administration of fucoxanthin alcoholic and oil extracts to Balb/c mice on biochemical parameters and serum cytokine level
Authors: Lykov А. Р. , Gevorgiz R. G. , Zheleznova S. N. , Rachkovskaya L. N. , Poveshchenko О. V.
Published: April 2024

Microalgae are a source of various biologically active substances, including carotenoids. One of the carotenoids of diatom microalgae is fucoxanthin, which has antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumour and anti-inflammatory properties that can be used in the treatment of a wide range of human and animal pathologies. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of alcohol and oil extract of fucoxanthin on biochemical parameters and levels of serum cytokines in mice during intragastric administration. Material and methods. Fucoxanthin extracts from the microalga Nanofrustulum shiloi were used. Mice of Balb/c strain were intragastrically administrated with 0.5 ml of oil (500 μg/ml) or alcoholic extract of fucoxanthin (187.5 μg/ml), mice in the comparison group were given 0.5 ml of olive oil or 45% ethyl alcohol once a day within 5 days. On the 8th day, blood serum was obtained and the level of albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, low (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL), urea, uric acid, creatinine, aspartate (AST) and alanine aminotransferases (ALT), lactate, stable nitric oxide (NO) metabolites (nitrites), cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ) was determined using ELISA with photometric detection. Results and discussion. In the comparison group, ethyl alcohol promoted an increase in serum triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, ALT, AST, nitrite, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α content compared to intact animals. Fucoxanthin alcoholic extract administration increased the level of LDL, HDL, uric acid, TNF-α and decreased albumin, cholesterol, uric acid, creatinine, ALT, AST, IL-6 content compared to control. The olive oil group showed a decrease in serum triglycerides, cholesterol, urea, uric acid, ALT and AST content but an increase in LDL, HDL, nitrite level compared to the control. Administration of fucoxanthin oil extract to animals decreased albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, uric acid, ALT, AST, lactate, IL-6, IL-10 compared to control. Conclusions. Thus, it was discovered that fucoxanthin in Balb/c mice contributes to a decrease in hepatic synthetic function, as evidenced by the change in the concentration of albumin, triglycerides, uric acid), influences energy metabolism (creatinine, lactate), cell membrane stability (cholesterol, LDL, HDL), serum transaminase activity, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines content.
Comparative assessment of hemocompatibility of the suture material modified with heparin using different techniques
Authors: Akentieva Т. N. , Luzgarev S. V. , Glushkova Т. V. , Kudryavtseva Yu. А.
Published: April 2024

Postoperative complications in surgery, including thrombosis, are often associated with the suture material. The search for new types of suture materials that reduce the risk of vascular anastomotic complications remains an urgent task. The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of two types of suture materials modified with heparin in terms of the hemocompatibility. Material and methods. The study involved a thread based on the Prolene 3.0 Polypropylene Suture (Ethicon, USA) that had undergone subsequent modification. The suture was modified with either heparin with polydimethylsiloxane or heparin with polyhydroxybutyrate/oxyvalerate. The consistency and hemocompatibility of the modifying layer were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, diffuse scattering spectroscopy, hemolysis, platelet adhesion and aggregation. Results and discussion. The modifying layer based on heparin and polydimethylsiloxane was nonhomogeneous, with either thick or completely absent coating layer. The modifying layer based on heparin and polyhydroxybutyrate/oxyvalerate was homogeneous, without signs of thickening. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy confirmed its presence on the thread surface. Evaluation of the hemocompatibility of the modified thread revealed the absence of hemolysis in all the studied groups. The modifying layer based on heparin and polyhydroxybutyrate/ oxyvalerate significantly reduced the maximum platelet aggregation (46.28 %) compared with the unmodified thread (82.64 %), the thread modification with heparin and polydimethylsiloxane did not influence on the indicator (77.72 %). The number of platelets adhered on the surface of the thread modified with heparin and polyhydroxybutyrate/oxyvalerate was insignificant, consisting of single inactivated platelets, in contrast to a thread modified with polydimethylsiloxane rubber and heparin, on the surface of which a large number of adherent activated platelets were found. Conclusions. The results obtained indicate the promising approach for the prevention of postoperative thrombosis by layer-by-layer modification of thread with heparin and polyhydroxybutyrate/oxyvalerate.
Method of hyaluronidase immobilization to produce an oral dosage form
Authors: Shvetsova А. М. , Ershov К. I. , Korolev М. А. , Madonov Р. G. , Trubina L. V.
Published: April 2024

Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that helps maintain an optimal balance of hyaluronic acid in connective tissue and ensures full tissue regeneration. Currently, hyaluronidase drugs are used in various fields of medicine. Meanwhile, there are no oral preparations based on hyaluronidase on the pharmaceutical market due to its low bioavailability in this method of administration. One of the options to increase enzyme bioavailability is electron-beam pegylation, which involves obtaining drugs with a modified pharmacokinetic profile in the direction of increasing enteral bioavailability, as well as having additional protection from the action of proteolytic enzymes. Aim of the study was using the electron beam pegylation method to obtain a laboratory batch of a preparation based on highly purified hyaluronidase, which can be further used in the development of an oral drug product. Material and methods. Hyaluronidase, which was isolated from bovine testicular hyaluronidase and polyethylene glycols of different molecular weight, was used in the experimental study. Experiments were carried out using a pulsed linear accelerator ILU-10 for enzyme electron beam immobilization on a water-soluble polymer matrix of polyethylene glycol molecules. The formation of hyaluronidase and polyethylene glycols conjugates was confirmed by exclusion chromatography. Results. As a result of accelerated electron irradiation of hyaluronidase and polyethylene glycol of molecular mass 1500 Da conjugates of enzyme and polymer matrix were formed. After electron-beam pegylation, the specific activity of the enzyme was retained. Conclusions. A laboratory batch of prototype pharmaceutical substance based on immobilised hyaluronidase on polyethylene glycol was obtained.
Coupling of the expression of proliferation and epithelialmesenchymal transition markers with the histidine-rich glycoprotein HRG mRNA expression in breast diseases
Authors: Arkhipov S. А. , Studenikina А. А. , Arkhipova V. V. , Proskura А. V. , Autenshlyus А. I.
Published: April 2024

Non-malignant breast diseases (NMBD) may increase the risk of developing a malignant neoplasm. Therefore, it seems relevant to search for criteria for cell malignancy in NMBD. Aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between expression of proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) mRNA in breast diseases. Material and methods. In breast biopsy specimens of 37 patients with invasive carcinoma of a non-specific type (ICNT) and 17 patients with NMBD expression of proliferation markers (Ki-67, cyclin D1 (CCND1)) and EMT markers (E-cadherin (CDH1), type II collagen (CII) and β1-integrin (CD29)) was determined immunohistochemically. HRG mRNA expression was estimated using real time PCR. Results. HRG mRNA expression was detected in 91.9 % cases (34 of 37) in ICNT, 82.4 % (14 of 17) in NMBD and in the latter case was inversely related to the expression of CDH1, CD29 and Ki-67. A direct relationship has been established between the presence of Ki-67 and CCND1, CII, between CCND1 and CD29 in NMBD. In patients with ICNT, a direct correlation was found between the HRG mRNA expression and the presence of CII, and an inverse correlation between the number of cells containing CII and CD29. It was found that in ICNT and NMBD with the presence of HRG mRNA expression, the CDH1 expression is less than in its absence. Conclusions. Indicators of HRG mRNA expression in NMBD, combined with the assessment of proliferation and EMT markers, can be useful in developing criteria for cell malignancy in benign breast diseases.
Association of polymorphic variants of cytokines genes, endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases with the development of uterine fibroids among russian women
Authors: Koroleva Е. G. , Konenkov V. I. , Shevchenko A. V. , Prokofiev V. F. , Orlov N. В. , Timofeeva Yu. S. , Aidagulova S. V. , Marinkin I. О.
Published: April 2024

One of the factors in the development of uterine fibroids is a genetic predisposition to its occurrence in some women, but the real molecular genetic mechanisms of this phenomenon remain unknown. Aim of the study was the distribution analysis of gene polymorphism of cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, factors of angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF) and remodeling of extracellular matrix (metalloproteinases MMP2, MMP3, MMP9), which are associated with their levels. Material and methods. Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR using commercial test systems SYBR GreenI (Litech, Russia) and TaqMan (Syntol, Russia) in accordance with the instructions of the developer. Cytokine content in blood serum was determined by flow cytometry using microspheres coated with monoclonal antibodies to cytokines (Bio-Plex ProTM Human Cytokine 27-plex Assay), according to the instructions for Bio-Plex 200 (Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA).To evaluate the results obtained, in addition to the generally accepted methods of statistical processing for case – control studies, computational methods of bioinformatics were used for comparative analysis of the diagnostic value of various combined genetic traits. Results. It was shown that the maximum odds ratio value of uterine fibroids development are combined genetic traits that include representatives of all four regulatory factors: cytokines with pro-inflammatory activity, cytokines with anti-inflammatory activity, vascular endothelial growth factors and metalloproteinases (p = 0.002). Conclusions. The presented data reveal the real mechanisms of manifestation of the genetic predisposition of individual women to the uterine fibroids development, associated with the presence of polymorphism of certain genes in their genome, which provide features of the structure of cytokine networks with the predominance of certain activities in the regulation of tissue processes in the uterus. In addition to purely scientific interest, these results indicate the real possibility of their clinical application in the form of prognostic criteria with a certain level of prognostic significance.