bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the limits of color accuracy in technical photography
Authors: Kirchner Eric , van Wijk Carola , van Beek Henni , Koster Tammo
Published: May 2021

The growing importance of publishing art collections online has led to increasingly strict tolerances on digital photography of art objects. There are two internationally recognized sets of guidelines for creating high-quality digital images, Metamorfoze and FADGI. These guidelines require using sets of standardized color patches in museal photography. The X-Rite ColorChecker SG chart with 140 color patches is often used. Recent studies showed that even in standardized conditions it is often difficult to satisfy the strictest guidelines on color accuracy for camera profiling, with no indications for improvements. We report results of our investigation into the bottlenecks in achieving high color accuracy. We show that a large part of the color deviations originates from the 15 black color patches of the ColorChecker SG chart. These patches have a large impact on the average color deviation and the maximum color deviation that are the performance measures for color accuracy in the FADGI and Metamorfoze guidelines. We show that spectrophotometer measurements for the black patches produce color deviations dE(CIE 1976) ranging from 3.7 to 5.2 with respect to reference data, making it impossible to meet the strictest Metamorfoze guidelines. The black patches push the average color difference CIEDE2000 from 0.59 to 0.82 with respect to reference data already when using spectrophotometer data. Since the strictest FADGI guidelines prescribe an average CIEDE2000 = 2.0, this leaves little tolerance for errors due to lighting and camera profile. Our results indicate that the common practice of manually tweaking camera profiles until software suggests sufficient color accuracy is obtained with respect to suppliers’ reference data often does not improve color representation but makes it worse, especially for representing dark nuances. This is unfortunate for example for the digital photography of seventeenth century Dutch paintings, where dark passages occupy large areas of the art works. We show that the key step in achieving color accurate digital photography is to use customer reference data rather than commonly used generic reference data. We explain the results by investigating not only the color properties of the ColorChecker SG chart, but also its glossiness.
Earth’s free oscillations excited by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake recorded in multiple GPS networks
Authors: Chu Cheng-Yin , Chao Benjamin F. , Ding Hao , Yuan Linguo
Published: May 2021

We search in the continuous GPS 3-D displacement data for the signals of the normal modes of Earth’s free oscillation that were excited by the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku earthquake. A previous study has reported such a detection; we here conduct a more comprehensive and detailed study. We use GPS data from three separate networks: (i) about 1000 stations from the Japan GEONET; (ii) about 600 stations from the western USA PBO; and (iii) about 140 stations of the global IGS, and solve and form records of 21 h length at 30-s sampling rate. We conduct various multiple-record stacking methods: the frequency-domain power spectrum stacking that reduces the variance of the noises, and the time-domain stackings that boost the SNR of target modes while suppressing the non-target modes. We find the time-domain stacking method of optimal sequence estimation (OSE) to be the most effective, which show clearly high sensitivity and detectability of the modes in the spectrum. For the near-field GEONET where all excited modes have anti-nodes, all the spheroidal fundamental modes 0S9–0S43 below 5 MHz and some of the lower-degree overtones as well as most of the low-degree toroidal fundamental modes show up as prominent spectral peaks against the PREM model eigenfrequencies. The PBO sees less strong (being far-field and generally off-antinodes), but still clearly identifiable spectral peaks of the fundamental modes. The global IGS network data detect barely a handful of these modes because of its sparsity and small numbers of stations. We thus demonstrate that GPS does actually record the tiny seismic signals that can be revealed by means of multiple-record stacking methods, potentially useful for studying earthquake source mechanisms exciting the normal modes.
Congenital communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformation including ectopic pancreatic tissue in an infant
Authors: Oyachi Noboru , Numano Fuminori , Koizumi Keiichi , Shinohara Tamao , Matsubara Hirochika
Published: May 2021

Background

Several reports have documented that the pulmonary sequestration is in communication with the gastrointestinal tract and the concept of bronchopulmonary foregut malformation (BPFM) has become more widespread. However, there are few reports of the sequestration associated with the pancreas derived from the foregut. We describe the history and pathophysiology of BPFM including pancreatic tissue in a male infant with respiratory distress.

Case presentation

A male patient was born at 38 weeks of gestation and weighed 2752 g at birth. He developed pneumonia and was hospitalized at 3 months of age. Chest radiographs and CT scans led to the diagnosis of a lung abscess in the left lower intralobar pulmonary sequestration with aberrant arteries from the abdominal cavity. At 4 months of age, when the abscess had resolved, left lower lobectomy and the resection of the intralobar sequestration were performed. The pulmonary sequestration was conjoined with the esophagus. A fistula was found between the lower esophageal wall and the pulmonary sequestration. An additional small segment of the esophageal wall was excised. Histologically, the mediastinal surface of the sequestration tissue contained pancreatic tissue. Furthermore, esophageal and gastric tissue, cartilage tissue, and ciliated epithelium were confirmed. A definitive diagnosis of BPFM was made.

Conclusions

We postulated the rare case of a communicating BPFM with intrapulmonary sequestration on one end and the esophagus on the other forming a mass lesion, which included ectopic pancreatic tissue in a male infant.
An alternative perspective for acquisitions of amber from Myanmar including recommendations of the United Nations Human Rights Council
Authors: Peretti Adolf
Published: May 2021

Recent publications have been actively recommending strong embargos on Burmese amber trade and research. Although the motivation of these actions seeks to prevent armed groups from obtaining capital via amber trade, which in the views of the authors helps further fueling the armed conflict, here, I demonstrate that this claim is not accurate. In this analysis, I prove that these preventative actions undertaken by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology and echoed by others do not resolve the situation in Burma, but on the contrary, aggravate the problem by negatively affecting the Burmese miners. My analysis is congruent with other independent analyses of the Burmese Amber trade. In line with the recommendation of the United Nations, and as an alternative approach, it is possible to support the amber economy that is in opposition to the Burmese military and help the Burmese scientific community to increase their capability and knowledge to engage in a niche market that is largely not accessible to unethical players. This would lead to a sourcing of research material that fulfills the demand of the international scientific community for ethical standards.
Assessing IGS GPS/Galileo/BDS-2/BDS-3 phase bias products with PRIDE PPP-AR
Authors: Geng Jianghui , Yang Songfeng , Guo Jiang
Published: May 2021

Ambiguity Resolution in Precise Point Positioning (PPP-AR) is important to achieving high-precision positioning in wide areas. The International GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Service (IGS) and some other academic organizations have begun to provide phase bias products to enable PPP-AR, such as the integer-clock like products by Centre National d’Etudes Spatials (CNES), Wuhan University (WUM) and the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE), as well as the Uncalibrated Phase Delay (UPD) products by School of Geodesy and Geomatics (SGG). To evaluate these disparate products, we carry out Global Positioning System (GPS)/Galileo Navigation Satellite System (Galileo) and BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-only) PPP-AR using 30 days of data in 2019. In general, over 70% and 80% of GPS and Galileo ambiguity residuals after wide-lane phase bias corrections fall in ± 0.1 cycles, in contrast to less than 50% for BeiDou Navigation Satellite (Regional) System (BDS-2); moreover, around 90% of GPS/Galileo narrow-lane ambiguity residuals are within ± 0.1 cycles, while the percentage drops to about 55% in the case of BDS products. GPS/Galileo daily PPP-AR can usually achieve a positioning precision of 2, 2 and 6 mm for the east, north and up components, respectively, for all phase bias products except those based on German Research Centre for Geosciences (GBM) rapid satellite orbits and clocks. Due to the insufficient number of BDS satellites during 2019, the BDS phase bias products perform worse than the GPS/Galileo products in terms of ambiguity fixing rates and daily positioning precisions. BDS-2 daily positions can only reach a precision of about 10 mm in the horizontal and 20 mm in the vertical components, which can be slightly improved after PPP-AR. However, for the year of 2020, BDS-2/BDS-3 (BDS-3 Navigation Satellite System) PPP-AR achieves about 50% better precisions for all three coordinate components.
Collision models in open system dynamics: A versatile tool for deeper insights?
Authors: Campbell Steve , Vacchini Bassano
Published: May 2021

Understanding and simulating how a quantum system interacts and exchanges information or energy with its surroundings is a ubiquitous problem, one which must be carefully addressed in order to establish a coherent framework to describe the dynamics and thermodynamics of quantum systems. Significant effort has been invested in developing various methods for tackling this issue and in this Perspective paper we focus on one such technique, namely collision models, which have emerged as a remarkably flexible approach. We discuss their application to understanding non-Markovian dynamics and to studying the thermodynamics of quantum systems, two areas in which collision models have proven to be particularly insightful. Their simple structure endows them with extremely broad applicability which has spurred their recent experimental demonstrations. By focusing on these areas, our aim is to provide a succinct entry point to this remarkable framework.
The Promise of Caribbean Intellectual History
Authors: Kamugisha Aaron
Published: May 2021

This essay provides a meditation on the field of Caribbean intellectual history. Commencing with a reflection on the second edition of the Caribbean Festival of Arts (Carifesta 1976), the essay proceeds to outline the contours of the field through a consideration of eight relatively discrete though overlapping categories. It argues that the study of Caribbean intellectual history gives us more conscious control over the articulation and reproduction of critical ideas about the region over time and space, alerts us to transformations in the conditions of Caribbean intellectual production, and reminds us of the existential crises the region faces in the third decade of the twenty-first century.
Skirts Rolled Up
Authors: Eller Anne
Published: May 2021

This essay considers the participation of Port-au-Prince women in municipal and national politics during the later decades of the nineteenth century. The growth of Port-au-Prince changed the dynamics of these contests, as newly arrived women joined expanding popular neighborhoods, and many assumed a central role in feeding the city. Women moved freely through the heart of the capital and the immediate countryside on personal, commercial, and sometimes directly political itineraries. While formally excluded from electoral politics, working women made their political desires well known, as they exerted an influence on the military movements that toppled the administration several times. These armed contests, as well as the stratification and militarization of the political scene during peacetime, provoked gendered violence. Simultaneously, working women confronted disdain from journalists who would discipline the women’s great influence. Nevertheless, these women commanded considerable respect in political contests that often seemed to have as their stakes the very independence of the nation itself.
Imperial Intimacies—Further Thoughts
Authors: Carby Hazel V.
Published: May 2021

Reflecting on arguments and insights in the discussion essays by Eddie Chambers, Marisa Fuentes, and Marc Matera on the author’s Imperial Intimacies: A Tale of Two Islands, this response essay focuses on the dilemma of black feminist critique, practice, methodology, and pedagogy in a constant struggle with and against the colonial archive. It poses questions about the possibilities and limits of developing alternative ways for narrating racialized lives into being.
Receptiveness to participating in cannabis research in pregnancy: a survey study at The Ottawa Hospital
Authors: Bombay Kira , Murphy Malia SQ , Denize Kathryn M , Cantin Christina , McGee Amy , Rennicks White Ruth , Wen Shi Wu , Walker Mark C , Corsi Daniel J
Published: May 2021

Background: The prevalence of cannabis use among pregnant individuals in Canada is increasing. In the design of new cohort studies to evaluate the patterns and outcomes of cannabis use in pregnancy, consideration must be given to the factors influencing participation, data sharing, and contribution of biological samples. Our objective was to assess the willingness of pregnant individuals to participate in prospective research during pregnancy.

Methods: We surveyed pregnant individuals receiving obstetrical care through The Ottawa Hospital in Ottawa, Canada. The survey consisted of 23 dichotomous (yes/no), multiple-choice, Likert scale, and open-ended questions. Individuals were provided with a hypothetical research scenario and asked to report on the likelihood of their participation, use and storage of personal health information and contribution of maternal and newborn samples. Individuals provided motivating and deterring factors related to research participation. Descriptive statistics included frequencies (n) and percentages (%) for categorical variables. Continuous variables were described using means and standard deviations.

Results: A total of 84 survey responses were collected. The mean age of respondents was 32.6(±5.3) years. Respondents were predominantly Caucasian (79%), college/university educated (85%) with a household income of ≥$100,000 (64%). There was a high degree of willingness to participate in prospective research by sharing data and biological samples. The most commonly cited motivating and deterring factors for participating in future research were a desire to contribute to science and health information (79%) and fear of privacy invasion (17%), respectively.

Conclusions: Pregnant individuals receiving care at The Ottawa Hospital are willing to participate in prospective research studies, including those related to cannabis use. Survey respondents were predominantly of higher socioeconomic status, and few individuals reported cannabis use during pregnancy. Future studies should accommodate multiple recruitment strategies and flexible study designs to encourage enrollment from and retention across diverse sociodemographic communities.
Medical students’ relative immunity, or lack thereof, against COVID-19 emotional distress and psychological challenges; a descriptive study from Jordan
Authors: Kheirallah Khalid , Bloukh Sarah , Khasawneh Wasim , Alsulaiman Jomana , Khassawneh Adi , Al-Mistarehi Abdel-Hameed , Alqudah Mohammad , Elsalem Lina , Al Bashir Samir , Awad Hasan H. , Al-Shatanawi Tariq , Saleh Tareq
Published: May 2021

Background: Emotional distress is a major impact of COVID-19 among not only the general public but also healthcare workers including medical students. This study aimed at describing self-reported changes in emotional reactions associated with COVID-19 among medical students in Jordan and to assessing the potential effect of social media utilization on emotional distress among this group.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was utilized to collect data early on during the outbreak in Jordan. All medical students in Jordan were eligible to complete an online questionnaire assessing self-reported emotional reactions to COVID-19 that covered four main domains: negative emotion (anxiety, worry, depression, panic, loneliness, and nervousness), positive emotion (happiness, joy, and excitement), sleep disorders (insomnia, shallow sleep, nightmares, and insufficient sleep), and aggression (verbal argument and physical fighting). The frequency of social media utilization as a main source of COVID-19 information was also assessed.

Results: 59.9% of participants were females, 64.9% were enrolled at the two major medical schools in Jordan, and 59.6% were in the pre-clinical stage (years). A significant proportion of participants self-reported increased negative emotional levels of anxiety (49.2%), worry (72.4%), depression (23.1%), panic (22.6%), and nervousness (38.2%) and decreased positive emotional levels of happiness (44.8%), joy (47.3%), and feelings of excitement (45.1%). Self-reported sleep disorders were not as common (less than 15% for any of the four items), while arguing with others was at 26.7%. Significant differences by gender and academic year were detected. Almost half of participants reported using social media as a main source of COVID-19 information “most/all-the-times” with a significant effect of such on reducing emotional distress.

Conclusion: The results suggest a potential effect of COVID-19 on the emotional distress of medical students. Addressing and mitigating such effects is crucial. The potential buffering effect of social media should be further investigated.
Variants associated with HHIP expression have sex-differential effects on lung function
Authors: Fawcett Katherine A. , Obeidat Ma'en , Melbourne Carl A. , Shrine Nick , Guyatt Anna L. , John Catherine , Luan Jian'an , Richmond Anne , Moksnes Marta R. , Granell Raquel , Weiss Stefan , Imboden Medea , May-Wilson Sebastian , Hysi Pirro , Boutin Thibaud S. , Portas Laura , Flexeder Claudia , Harris Sarah E. , Wang Carol A. , Lyytikäinen Leo-Pekka , Palviainen Teemu , Foong Rachel E. , Keidel Dirk , Minelli Cosetta , Langenberg Claudia , Bossé Yohan , Van den Berge Maarten , Sin Don D. , Hao Ke , Campbell Archie , Porteous David , Padmanabhan Sandosh , Smith Blair H. , Evans David M. , Ring Sue , Langhammer Arnulf , Hveem Kristian , Willer Cristen , Ewert Ralf , Stubbe Beate , Pirastu Nicola , Klaric Lucija , Joshi Peter K. , Patasova Karina , Massimo Mangino , Polasek Ozren , Starr John M. , Karrasch Stefan , Strauch Konstantin , Meitinger Thomas , Rudan Igor , Rantanen Taina , Pietiläinen Kirsi , Kähönen Mika , Raitakari Olli T. , Hall Graham L. , Sly Peter D. , Pennell Craig E. , Kaprio Jaakko , Lehtimäki Terho , Vitart Veronique , Deary Ian J. , Jarvis Debbie , Wilson James F. , Spector Tim , Probst-Hensch Nicole , Wareham Nicholas J. , Völzke Henry , Henderson John , Strachan David P. , Brumpton Ben M. , Hayward Caroline , Hall Ian P. , Tobin Martin D. , Wain Louise V.
Published: May 2021

Background: Lung function is highly heritable and differs between the sexes throughout life. However, little is known about sex-differential genetic effects on lung function. We aimed to conduct the first genome-wide genotype-by-sex interaction study on lung function to identify genetic effects that differ between males and females.

Methods: We tested for interactions between 7,745,864 variants and sex on spirometry-based measures of lung function in UK Biobank (N=303,612), and sought replication in 75,696 independent individuals from the SpiroMeta consortium.

Results: Five independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed genome-wide significant (P<5x10-8) interactions with sex on lung function, and 21 showed suggestive interactions (P<1x10-6). The strongest signal, from rs7697189 (chr4:145436894) on forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (P=3.15x10-15), was replicated (P=0.016) in SpiroMeta. The C allele increased FEV1 more in males (untransformed FEV1 β=0.028 [SE 0.0022] litres) than females (β=0.009 [SE 0.0014] litres), and this effect was not accounted for by differential effects on height, smoking or pubertal age. rs7697189 resides upstream of the hedgehog-interacting protein (HHIP) gene and was previously associated with lung function and HHIP lung expression. We found HHIP expression was significantly different between the sexes (P=6.90x10-6), but we could not detect sex differential effects of rs7697189 on expression.

Conclusions: We identified a novel genotype-by-sex interaction at a putative enhancer region upstream of the HHIP gene. Establishing the mechanism by which HHIP SNPs have different effects on lung function in males and females will be important for our understanding of lung health and diseases in both sexes.
Orthodoxy, illusio, and playing the scientific game: a Bourdieusian analysis of infection control science in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Greenhalgh Trisha , Ozbilgin Mustafa , Contandriopoulos Damien
Published: May 2021

Background:

Scientific and policy bodies’ failure to acknowledge and act on the evidence base for airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a timely way is both a mystery and a scandal. In this study, we applied theories from Bourdieu to address the question, “How was a partial and partisan scientific account of SARS-CoV-2 transmission constructed and maintained, leading to widespread imposition of infection control policies which de-emphasised airborne transmission?”.

Methods:

From one international case study (the World Health Organisation) and four national ones (UK, Canada, USA and Japan), we selected a purposive sample of publicly available texts including scientific evidence summaries, guidelines, policy documents, public announcements, and social media postings. To analyse these, we applied Bourdieusian concepts of field, doxa, scientific capital, illusio, and game-playing. We explored in particular the links between scientific capital, vested interests, and policy influence.

Results:

Three fields—political, state (policy and regulatory), and scientific—were particularly relevant to our analysis. Political and policy actors at international, national, and regional level aligned—predominantly though not invariably—with medical scientific orthodoxy which promoted the droplet theory of transmission and considered aerosol transmission unproven or of doubtful relevance. This dominant scientific sub-field centred around the clinical discipline of infectious disease control, in which leading actors were hospital clinicians aligned with the evidence-based medicine movement. Aerosol scientists—typically, chemists, and engineers—representing the heterodoxy were systematically excluded from key decision-making networks and committees. Dominant discourses defined these scientists’ ideas and methodologies as weak, their empirical findings as untrustworthy or insignificant, and their contributions to debate as unhelpful.

Conclusion:

The hegemonic grip of medical infection control discourse remains strong. Exit from the pandemic depends on science and policy finding a way to renegotiate what Bourdieu called the ‘rules of the scientific game’—what counts as evidence, quality, and rigour.
Geoinformation systems in technosphere security
Authors: Blinovskaya Yana , Zadoya Dar'ya
Published: May 2021

The textbook considers the specifics of the use of information technologies in technosphere security. The article describes the characteristics of software products used to solve problems in the areas of life safety, organization of industrial production and environmental protection.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students studying in the enlarged group of training areas 20.00.00 "Technosphere safety and environmental management", as well as for students of related specialties studying the impact of industrial production on the environment and using GIS tools.
Factoring
Authors: Lednev Mihail , Pokamestov Il'ya
Published: May 2021

The history of the origin and development of factoring operations, their classification, the mechanism of factoring as a method of financing the company's working capital, models of international factoring, risk management of this type of business, legal aspects of factoring in the Russian Federation, the current state of the factoring market in the world are considered.
Special attention is paid to the functioning of the factoring company — its organizational structure, principles of working with clients, automation of factoring operations.
The electronic component of the textbook includes: a workshop on the study of the discipline "Factoring"; a guide to the study of the discipline "Factoring"; a glossary.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students, postgraduates and teachers of economic universities, employees of financial and credit institutions, managers of enterprises of all forms of ownership.
Estimating the Impact of “Humanizing” Customer Service Chatbots
Authors: Schanke Scott , Burtch Gordon , Ray Gautam
Published: May 2021

In this work, we investigate how applying human-like characteristics to customer service chatbots can influence retail outcomes. This is an important managerial question as creating effective chatbot experiences through messaging platforms has proven difficult for organizations. Often, chatbot developers apply characteristics such as giving a chatbot a human name, adding humor, and so on, without knowing how these features influence end user behavior. Implementing a field experiment in collaboration with a dual channel clothing retailer based in the United States, we automate a used clothing buy-back process, such that individuals engage with the retailer's autonomous chatbot to describe the used clothes they wish to sell, obtain a cash offer, and (if they accept) print a shipping label to finalize the transaction. We provide evidence that, in this retail setting, anthropomorphism is beneficial for transaction outcomes, but that it also leads to significant increases in consumers’ sensitivity to the offer amount. We argue that the latter effect occurs because, as a chatbot becomes more human-like, consumers shift to a fairness evaluation or negotiating mindset.
Compressing Over-the-Counter Markets
Authors: D’Errico Marco , Roukny Tarik
Published: May 2021

Over-the-counter markets are at the center of the global reform of the financial system. We show how the size and structure of these markets can undergo rapid and extensive changes when participants engage in portfolio compression, which is an optimization technology that exploits multilateral netting opportunities. We find that tightly knit and concentrated trading structures, as featured by many large over-the-counter markets, are especially susceptible to reductions of notional amounts and network reconfigurations resulting from compression activities. Using a unique transaction-level data set on credit-default-swaps markets, we estimate reduction levels, suggesting that the adoption of this technology can account for a large share of the historical development observed in these markets since the global financial crisis. Finally, we test the effect of a mandate to centrally clear over the counter markets in terms of size and structure. When participants engage in both central clearing and portfolio compression with the clearinghouse, we find large netting failures if clearinghouses proliferate. Allowing for compression across clearinghouses by and large offsets this adverse effect.
ESPAÇOS DE LEITURA EM ESCOLAS DO CAMPO: UM ESTUDO EM TURMAS MULTISSERIADAS
Authors: Winchuar Marcio José De Lima , Bufrem Leilah Santiago
Published: May 2021

Este artigo apresenta parte dos resultados de uma pesquisa maior desenvolvida entre os anos de 2017 a 2020. Como recorte, analisa os espaços de leitura em escolas/turmas multisseriadas de Prudentópolis, município paranaense, situado na região Sul do Brasil. Evidencia e problematiza esses espaços, bem como analisa sob quais determinações estão sendo formados os leitores camponeses do município. Realiza pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, contando com a participação de dezesseis educadores. Como instrumento de produção de dados, utiliza a entrevista semiestruturada e a observação dos espaços de leitura de cinco escolas multisseriadas. A partir da análise de conteúdo, apresenta como eixos de análise os espaços de leitura, categorizando aqueles mais destacados durante a pesquisa em campo: a sala de aula, o cantinho da leitura, a biblioteca de classe e a biblioteca escolar. Conclui que a sala de aula ainda é o principal espaço de leitura em escolas multisseriadas, junto às bibliotecas de classe e aos cantinhos da leitura que integram esse espaço e têm contribuído com a formação de leitores e com a prática docente.
EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO E O ENSÍNO DE FÍSICA: UM MAPEAMENTO DE TESES E DISSERTAÇÕES
Authors: Fortunato Ivan , Lanfranco Áurea Cristina Pires Marcelino
Published: May 2021

Este artigo apresenta um Estado do Conhecimento a respeito de uma interface importante, porém pouco explorada na Educação do Campo: o ensino de Física. Partimos da seguinte dúvida: considerando as especificidades tanto do ensino de Física quanto da Educação do Campo, haveria uma preocupação acadêmica de investigar o que acontece quando ambos se encontram no cotidiano escolar? Para responder essa inquietação, foi realizado um mapeamento no Catálogo de teses e dissertações da CAPES, localizando quatro trabalhos, sendo duas teses e duas dissertações, defendidas entre 2014 e 2017. Esses trabalhos foram inventários de forma objetiva, mapeando seus metadados, mas também de forma qualitativa, registrando seus objetivos, a metodologia utilizada, seus referenciais e resultados, buscando, assim, identificar o que já foi produzido a respeito do ensino de Física no e/ou para a Educação do Campo. Ao final, além de sistematizar a interface entre o ensino de Física e a Educação do Campo, lacunas nessa produção foram identificadas, como forma de motivar futuras investigações.
POR UMA EDUCAÇÃO QUILOMBOLA: UM OLHAR GEOGRÁFICO À COMUNIDADE REMANESCENTE MUQUÉM
Authors: Silva Thaís  Patricia Paulino da , Barbosa Marily Oliveira
Published: May 2021

A educação é um direito universal para todo cidadão, independente de etnia e classe social. A educação escolar quilombola vem enfrentando inúmeros desafios ao longo dos anos, pois essa problemática é vestígio da negação histórica da educação para a população negra. Isso decorre de uma configuração socioespacial de como a sociedade brasileira foi formada. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de enfatizar a importância da educação quilombola no campo tendo como recorte espacial a comunidade de remanescente quilombola Muquém, dando ênfase ao currículo quilombola escolar desenvolvido por meio da lei 10.639/2003. A pesquisa participante envolveu alunos do 6º, 7º, e 9º ano da escola do Muquém, diretores e moradores da comunidade. O trabalho baseia-se no estudo documental, pesquisa de campo abordando o caráter qualitativo tendo como embasamento teórico Paulo Feire (1987) com sua contribuição sobre a temática da educação no campo para a formação da cidadania. Para melhor aprofundamento foi necessário para coleta de dados aplicação de questionários para alunos e entrevistas a moradores e gestão escolar da comunidade acerca da presença da escola na localidade. Os resultados mostram que através da lei nacional que visa o estudo do ensino da cultura negra brasileira e raízes africanas é com muitos esforços e dedicação que a comunidade vem trabalhando projetos pedagógicos que possibilitem uma nova construção da história do povo negro. Após a enchente de 2010 desenvolveu nos últimos 7 anos um currículo pedagógico que visa os princípios morais como o respeito mútuo, a cidadania e a diversidade.
Introduction of Pedagogical Technology of Prognostic Competence Formation of Computer Sciences’ Future Bachelors in the University Education Practice
Authors:   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Proshkin Volodymyr , Sharavara Viktor ,   Alfred Nobel University
Published: May 2021

The article presents the stages of pedagogical technology introduction of prognostic competence formation of Computer Sciences’ future bachelors in the university education practice. The first stage is motivational-target, its purpose is to form students' awareness of prognostic competence importance as a guarantee of successful professional activity realization (mainly during the first semester of study). Stage second is activity. The purpose is to form a system of knowledge on prognosis, skills, and abilities to implement prognostic activities (mainly during the II – III semesters). Stage III is evaluative-reflexive, its purpose is to analyze the formation of students’ prognostic competence in the process of professional training (mainly the IV semester). The content of the discipline of choice «Prognostic activity in the field of information technology» is revealed. Its purpose is to form in students a set of theoretical knowledge and methodological foundations in the field of forecasting analytics, as well as practical skills necessary for the application of prognostic in professional activities. The digital tools for the realization of pedagogical technology in the conditions of distance education are given. The main directions of research work realization of students for the formation of prognostic competence are revealed: participation in work of a scientific circle on actual problems of programming «Computer systems»; involvement of students in non-formal education and implementation of independent research through courses on open online platforms; fulfillment of research tasks; participation in scientific competition events (student competitions, contests, conferences, exhibitions, workshops that stimulate individual creativity of students and the development of the system of scientific work at the university).
Professional Preparation of Physical Culture Teachers with the Introduction of Interactive Learning Technologies
Authors:   MI ", Shkola Olena ,   Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy",   of the Kharkiv Regional Council
Published: May 2021

The article received results of a survey among the students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Arts of the Municipal Establishment «Kharkiv Humanitarian Pedagogical Academy» of Kharkiv Regional Council. It has been found that in the institution of higher education there are objective social and educational conditions for the introduction of interactive forms of study. The overwhelming majority of students want to participate in this study, activation of which will provide a cognitive process. In order to comply with the purpose of the study, a sociological examination of 442 students of the faculties of this educational institution was conducted. The purpose of the study is to identify socio-pedagogical prerequisites for the introduction of interactive technologies for training in the process of professional training of future teachers of physical culture. The article also examines the innovative character of professional training of a qualified teacher of physical culture, competitive in the labor market, with creative abilities, with the ability to professional self-development; Interactive and information technology learning is developed and implemented. In the Municipal Establishment «Kharkiv Humanitarian Pedagogical Academy» of Kharkiv Regional Council, all necessary pedagogical conditions for the introduction of interactive learning methods are established. The vast majority of students want to take part in such classes that will ensure the activation of the cognitive process. Further research requires the possibility of using interactive technologies in general secondary education institutions in physical education lessons.
Theoretical Bases of Formation of Managerial Culture of the Future Specialist of Social Security in the Educational Environment of Higher Education Institution
Authors:   SHEE ", Konoshenko Serhii ,   Donbas State Pedagogical University", Konoshenko Nataliia ,   SHEE "Donbas State Pedagogical University", Tsocalo Violetta ,   SHEE "Donbas State Pedagogical University"
Published: May 2021

The article reveals the theoretical foundations of the formation of management culture of the future social security specialist in the educational environment of higher education. It is substantiated that a social security specialist in modern conditions is a manager who must be able to form a team, develop and implement social programs and projects, create a socially healthy society, establish social contacts, carry out social partnership. Models of professional training of social workers in the university are analyzed. Didactic modules of formation of managerial culture of the future specialist in higher educational institution are considered. The content of professional competencies (socio-psychological, legal, organizational, economic, informational, marketing, consulting) of the future specialist in the social sphere as a subject of managerial activity is revealed. The expediency of wide application of personality-oriented, organizational, environmental, effective, competence approaches in the formation of the management culture of the future social security specialist is substantiated.
Teacher’s Professional Spirituality in the Context of Today’s Challenges
Authors:   SHEE ", Golovko Marharyta ,   Donbas State Pedagogical University", Korotiaieva Iryna ,   SHEE "Donbas State Pedagogical University"
Published: May 2021

The paper presents results of the scientific research and authors’ speculations and reflections as to substantiating the significance, role and manifestations of spirituality in teacher’s professional life in the conditions of current transformational challenges; potential ways of spirituality education are determined. Peculiarities of the society social-cultural development are revealed, which stipulates the actualization of the specified topic. The results of the research are characterized by the humanitarian sciences understanding of the categorical status of the concept “spirituality” in the context of ontological, epistemological and content-based approaches. Certain spiritual-moral imperatives, that deserve special attention from the standpoint of today’s pedagogical theory and practice, are singled out from the world heritage. The essential nature of the individual’s spirituality is determined; the authors’ interpretation of the teacher’s professional spirituality is presented: peculiar internal state of the teacher's personality experienced as a holistic existence, it germinates in pedagogical activities that increase and strengthen the spiritual, moral and ethical potential of students. The dominant features and manifestations of professional spirituality are updated and modified (empathy, professional optimism, ability to surprise, self-irony, sense of humor, desire for self-improvement, intelligence, professional reflection). Some key positions that contribute to strengthening the role of the spiritual dominant in the process of teacher training are provided; they include motivational, content-purposeful, activity-oriented and cognitive components.
Prevalence of trochlear dysplasia in infants evaluated for developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: DeVries Clarabelle A. , Hahn Peter , Bomar James D. , Upasani Vidyadhar V. , Pennock Andrew T.
Published: May 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to define the incidence of trochlear dysplasia in an infant cohort being screened for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Methods

Newborns screened for DDH that were evaluated with ultrasound for the presence of trochlear dysplasia were retrospectively reviewed. The sulcus angle and trochlear depth were measured. Based on previous work, trochlear dysplasia was defined as a sulcus angle of > 159°. Our newborn cohort was then analyzed to identify potential risk factors for trochlear dysplasia.

Results

A total of 383 knees in 196 infants were studied. In total, 52% were referred for breech intrauterine positioning and 21% were ultimately diagnosed with DDH and had treatment initiated with a Pavlik harness. Of the entire cohort, 8% of knees were deemed to have trochlear dysplasia. Breech patients were found to have a flatter sulcus angle than those that were not breech (149.5° (sd 7.2°) versus 147.9° (sd 7.5°); p = 0.028). Similarly, a shallower trochlear depth was identified in breech patients versus non-breech patients (1.6 mm (sd 0.4) versus 1.8 mm (sd 0.4); p = 0.019). Those with trochlear dysplasia (as defined by sulcus angle > 159°) did show a smaller alpha angle (i.e. more dysplastic hip) as compared with those without trochlear dysplasia (59.2° (sd 10.2°) versus 65.9° (sd 7.5°); p < 0.001). Hips with DDH were 2.4-times more likely to have knees with trochlear dysplasia (95% confidence interval 1.1 to 5.3).

Conclusion

Ultrasound screening of newborn knees reveals that trochlear dysplasia is relatively common in breech babies with DDH.

Level of Evidence

III
Mortality risk of surgically managing orthopaedic trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Balakumar Balasubramanian , Nandra Rajpal S. , Woffenden Hugo , Atkin Benjamin , Mahmood Ansar , Cooper George , Cooper Julian , Hindle Paul
Published: May 2021

Aims

It is imperative to understand the risks of operating on urgent cases during the COVID-19 (SARS-Cov-2 virus) pandemic for clinical decision-making and medical resource planning. The primary aim was to determine the mortality risk and associated variables when operating on urgent cases during the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary objective was to assess differences in the outcome of patients treated between sites treating COVID-19 and a separate surgical site.

Methods

The primary outcome measure was 30-day mortality. Secondary measures included complications of surgery, COVID-19 infection, and length of stay. Multiple variables were assessed for their contribution to the 30-day mortality. In total, 433 patients were included with a mean age of 65 years; 45% were male, and 90% were Caucasian.

Results

Overall mortality was 7.6% for all patients and 15.9% for femoral neck fractures. The mortality rate increased from 7.5% to 44.2% in patients with fracture neck of femur and a COVID-19 infection. The COVID-19 rate in the 30-day postoperative period was 11%. COVID-19 infection, age, and Charlson Comorbidity Index were independent risk factor for mortality.

Conclusion

There was a significant risk of contracting COVID-19 due to being admitted to hospital. Using a site which was not treating COVID-19 respiratory patients for surgery did not identify a difference with respect to mortality, nosocomial COVID-19 infection, or length of stay. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly increases perioperative mortality risk in patients with fractured neck of femora but patients with other injuries were not at increased risk. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(5):330–336.
High-Resolution Pore-Scale Water Content Measurement in a Translucent Soil Profile from Light Transmission
Authors: Orozco-López Enrique , Muñoz-Carpena Rafael , Gao Bin , Fox Garey
Published: May 2021

Highlights

Research methods are needed to study preferential flow processes at pore scale and high temporal resolution.

Novel verification of the light transmission method shows high efficiency to measure rapid transient soil water flow.

Recast of a previous physical model allows reliable pore-scale water content quantification in translucent soil profiles.

Insights from the light transmission method can inform preferential flow modeling efforts.

Abstract. Understanding rapid transient flows in the soil unsaturated zone continues to be a major challenge in hydrology and water quality engineering. For example, surface runoff mitigation by riparian buffers can be limited by rapid transient flows due to the natural propensity of these areas for preferential flow pathways (i.e., caused by roots, wormholes, or wetting/drying cycles). However, current monitoring technologies are limited in their ability to capture rapid soil preferential flows at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Among the state-of-the-art technologies to monitor preferential flow, the light transmission method (LTM) has become a promising tool to quantify pore-scale water contents at a laboratory scale, but its reliability and consistency need further study. The objectives of this study are to recast a previously developed LTM physical model, propose a novel verification method to assess LTM reliability to measure pore-scale water dynamics in laboratory translucent soil profiles, and identify the representative pore radius of translucent soil profiles based on their average number of pores. This study found a high measuring efficiency with LTM for soil moisture and drainage estimations (NSE > 0.98, RMSE < 5.4%), showing its potential for use in laboratory analysis of pore-scale rapid transient water dynamics typically found in preferential flow through the vadose zone. This study also shows that the parameter traditionally associated with the number of pores in a translucent soil profile is a fitting parameter with no direct physical meaning. Keywords: Beer-Lambert law, Fresnel law, Light transmission method, Preferential flow, Riparian buffer, Vadose zone.