bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breaking the Pen
Authors: Ibrahim Abdullahi Ali
Published: December 2020

IntroductionContemporary research on the ethnic identity of the Ja'aliyyin of theNorthern Sudan directly challenges the indigenous genealogical tradition thattook its present-day form in the tenth century AH/sixteenth century AC. Theindigenous tradition characterizes the Ja'aliyyin unequivocally as Arabs, whodescended from al- 'Abbas, the paternal uncle of the Prophet Muhammad,(SAAS)' In contrast, MacMichael's A History of the Arubs in the Sudan,the baseline for all subsequent investigation, argues that:In so far as the Ja'aliyyin congeries can be regarded as a single wholeits homogeneity consists in the common Berberine or Nubian strain that existsin a very varying proportion in all its component parts.There is also a strong infusion of Arab blood more particularly in theJa'aliyyin proper, but the error into which the native genealogists have wilfullyslipped consists in ignoring the Nubian element and finding the commonrace factor of the Ja'aliyyin in the tribe of Quraysh. The facts being as theyare, it is impossible to specify any particular tribe of Arabia as being thatto which the Arab element in the composition of the Ja'aliyyin group canbe attributed in any exclusive sense.Trimingham, too, describes an admixture of the indigenous folk (Nubians)and the Arabs, who settled in the Ja'aliyyin area from the fourth to the ninthcentury AH/ninth to the fourteenth century AC, as “either Semitized Hamitesor Semitized Negroes (his italics) but more clearly as Semitized-Negroid-Hamites.” Nonetheless, Trimingham’s characterization of the process thatevolved the hybrid identity of the Ja'aliyyin as the Arabization of indigenousgroups and the indigenization of the immigrant Arabs has been widelyadopted. Hasan’s term “Arabized Nubians" it all very simply and hasbeen widely accepted? Unfortunately, this contemporary discourse aboutthe ethnic identity of the Ja'aliyyin has been, to a greater or a lesser degree,a misguided project. It began largely as a critique of the indigenous genealogicaltradition and has not advanced very far beyond that initial point. Its strengthis its scholarly disbelief in that tradition. Academic legitimacy lies in its politicalauthoritativeness arising from its access to and use of knowledge as a “sacredresource.” In appropriating history and truth as its own, scholarship left “lore” ...
The Seminar on "The Sunnah and its Methodology for Structuring Knowledge and Civilization"
Authors: Jordan Office AJISS -
Published: December 2020

The Seminar on "The Sunnah and its Methodology for StructuringKnowledge and Civilization" was held as the Seventh General Assembly ofthe Jordanian Royal Academy for Islamic Civilizational Research (The AalAl-Bayt Foundation), and in coopertion with the IIIT of Washington, D.C.One hundred and twenty six Muslim scholars took part in the Seminar.The Discussions:The Seminar revolved around three axes. The first included an overviewof previous Sunnah conferences and seminars. The second encompassed currentefforts in compiling and serving the Sunn.ah in the spheres of publication,exacting research, explanation, epitomization; and in whatever pertains tocompilation, indexing, and the utilization of computers in classification. Thethird axis. which included the presentation of nine papers with twocommentaries on each, dealt with the main topic of the Seminar, namely,the explication of the Sunnah. the methodology of utilizing it in argumentation,and the precepts and methods involved therein; the means of comprehendingit and dealing with it in the past and present; and the refutation of the allegationsmade against it. The presentations and commentaries spoke of the Sunnahas a source of knowledge, Islamic legislation, and education-emphaS'izingits role in international law and its function in erecting the Ummah'scultural/inteUectual edifice, and civilization.In addition, three reports on the use of computers in the service of theSunnah were presented at the Seminar. The participants were also informedof the efforts of a number of foundations actively serving the Sunnah in differentparts of the world.There were widespread discussions in the Seminar emphasizing theimportance of the noble Sunnah, since it is the Qur'an and the Sunnah whichconstitute the two main sources of Shari'ah. Together, both sources shouldbe adopted as the cornerstone in building contemporary Islamic life, andas a foundation for the Islamization of the Hwnanities and the Social Sciencesthat would depend on two sources of knowledge: revelation and reason ...
Strategies for an Islamic Perspective of History and Historical Writing
Authors: USA IIIT -
Published: December 2020

The idea of holding the first History Seminar, which was introducedat the 18th Annual Conference of the Association of Muslim Social Scientists(AMSS), came to realization in Buffalo, New York on Dhu al Qi‘dah 1-2,1410/May 26-27, 1990.A total of fifteen papers were presented by Muslim historians comingfrom across the United States. Taha J. Al-‘Alwani’s opening address waspresented by Sayyid Muhammad Syeed, the General Secretary of the AMSS.Al-‘Alwani, who is the President of the International Institute of IslamicThought (IIIT), challenged Muslim historians to devise concepts andmethodologies based on the wisdom of the Qur’an that will demystify humanglobal history and make it possible to present solutions and alternatives totoday’s problems. He asked historians to look for the unifying factors thatcan make sense out of human history and to think about mankind’s reactiveor proactive role in the historical process which might lead to universal goals.The banquet speaker, Professor Pareshan G. Khattak, Vice Chancellorof the Azad Kashmir University at Muzaffarabad, a historian himself, dedicatedhis address to an account of the Kashmiri Muslim struggle for freedom andits place in current history.The first session included two papers designed to present an overviewof issues to be considered at the conference. The seminar coordinator, AftabAhmad Khan of Buffalo State College, spoke on “Establishing Some Principlesand Guidelines for Islamization of History,” in which he focused on the needfor Muslim self-reliance in the writing and interpretation of their own historyas well as that of the rest of the world with the aim of exposing the worldunifyingconcepts and reflections of tawhid. He called for the adoption ofa five point program toward beginning the process of Islamization of history.This was followed by Professor Akbar Muhammad of SUNY at Binghamton,who presented a paper entitled “On Islamic History, Muslim History, andthe Social Milieu.”Focusing on the legacy of certain individual historians or thinkers, threepanelists presented the ideas of men spanning North Africa, the Middle East,and South Asia. Ausaf Ali of Los Angeles spoke on Ibn Khaldun, Ibrahim ...
Islamic Spain 1250-1500
Authors: Benaboud M'hammad
Published: December 2020

This book presents a remarkable account of the political history of Andalusia(Muslim Spain) during the last phase of its existence. The author adoptsa cyclical approach in the sense that he traces the creation of the Banu Nasrkingdom in Granada, its development, and its decline and fall. He studies theperiod of each ruler in chronological order from the establishment of thekingdom of Granada to its collapse. Instead of limiting himself to descriptionor repetition, he chooses to adopt an analytical approach which permits himto deepen our insight regarding the period of each ruler. He reproduces a clearpicture which combines internal political developments and external relationswith the Christians.The author studies the history of the Muslims of Granada as well as thosein Christian Spain up to the Christian conquest of Granada. He is correct inincluding these two categories, for the religious, cultural, and linguistic criteriaunite these two groups, and also because their fates became similar after thefall of Granada in 1492. Thus both groups can be considered “Moriscos,” a topicwhich Harvey started working on over thirty years ago.The book is not easy to read, because it reflects many years of researchand has tremendous cultural weight. To the author’s obvious strenuous intellectualeffort, one may add his intellectual integrity as a distinguished scholarwho is credible in the West and in the East alike, somethmg which not all orientalistscan claim. He is critical of the history which he studies and its sourceswithout being offensive; the distorting influence of a personal dimension foundin other historians is here minimized. The author criticizes himself before beingcritical of others. His manner of presenting and interpreting history is convincing,as his intentions are exclusively scholarly. The author is a memberof a breed that is not very common in the politically oriented European andNorth American universities with regards to anything related to Islam andMuslims. This is not to say that he is beyond criticism, however, as the bookcould be faulted for not having relied directly on some of the fundamental andprimary Andalusian sources. We could disagree with his approach and suggestother approaches. Fortunately for his readers, the author is perhaps moreconscious of his limitations than anybody else, which is also why he did whathe proposed to do so admirably ...
N-type conduction of sputter-deposited polycrystalline Al0.78Sc0.22N films by Si ion implantation
Authors: Kataoka Junji , Tsai Sung-Lin , Hoshii Takuya , Wakabayashi Hitoshi , Tsutsui Kazuo , Kakushima Kuniyuki
Published: December 2020

N-type conduction of sputter-deposited polycrystalline Al0.78Sc0.22N films was verified by Si ion implantation followed by activation annealing. The activation of dopants was found above an annealing temperature of 800 °C. Under a dose of 2 × 1015 cm−2 with an activation annealing at 900 °C, n-type conduction was obtained with Hall mobility and a carrier concentration of 8.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 8.9 × 1018 cm−3, respectively. The surface of n-type Al0.78Sc0.22N films was sensitive to humidity, and two orders of magnitude increase in the sheet resistance were measured. The phenomena can be understood by the formation of depletion from the backside of the film, caused by the balance between the spontaneous polarization and the surface charges.
Características clínicas y terapia anti hipertensiva prescrita a pacientes externados de un hospital nacional de referencia
Authors: Álvarez Ovelar Roberto Daniel , Invernizzi Prats Juan Manuel , Gaona Lerea María Belén , Jatchuk Luchuk Angélica María , Dávalos Gonzalez Karen Vanessa , Vera Pérez Carlos Alberto
Published: December 2020

La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es uno de los principales problemas de salud pública, pilar de las enfermedades cardiovasculares, las que representan la mayor causa de muerte en el Paraguay. Por lo tanto, su tratamiento óptimo es indispensable para disminuir las muertes y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. El Hospital Central del Instituto de Previsión Social es un centro nacional de referencia en Paraguay, donde se atienden a pacientes complejos, con muchas comorbilidades. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas de los pacientes y el tratamiento anti hipertensivo prescrito a su externación del Servicio de Clínica Médica II del Hospital Central del Instituto de Previsión Social de marzo a mayo del año 2019.Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos, se incluirán a pacientes externados del servicio con diagnóstico de Hipertensión arterial. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 226 pacientes con diagnóstico de egreso de Hipertensión arterial, la edad promedio fue de 64±16,5 años, distribución de sexo ligero predominio de mujeres (52,2%) distribución igual entre procedencia urbana y rural. El 22,5% no se conocía portador de HTA, el 39,8% eran portadores de insuficiencia cardiaca, 34,1% diabéticos, 23,0% con nefropatía crónica, 22,6% con algún tipo de neoplasia, 18,6% dislipidémicos, 31,9% con antecedente de tabaquismo, 15,5% había sufrido ictus anteriormente. Antes del ingreso el 47,7% utilizaba monoterapia, el más frecuente era el losartán. Al egreso la monoterapia fue indicada solo al 21,7% y la terapia combinada fue la más prevalente. El segundo fármaco más asociado fue la amlodipina. Conclusión: Ligero predominio de mujeres, las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron la insuficiencia cardiaca, la diabetes mellitus, la nefropatía crónica y neoplasias. La mayoría antes del ingreso utilizaba solo un fármaco, al egreso hospitalario esto cambió a terapia combinada de dos hasta cuatro fármacos.
Exploración del conocimiento y percepción de los estudiantes de Medicina del último año de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste sobre los medicamentos genéricos en los meses agosto a octubre del año 2020
Authors: Pinedo Ignacio , Scheiber Mariela Lucía , Vargas Capará Facundo David , Villalba Cecilia , Gerometta Rosana
Published: December 2020

Introducción: Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, un medicamento genérico es “un producto farmacéutico, generalmente destinado a ser intercambiable con un producto innovador, que se fabrica sin una licencia de la empresa innovadora y se comercializa después de la fecha de vencimiento de la patente u otros derechos exclusivos”. Como futuros médicos que prescribirán, tienen un papel muy importante en la implementación y promoción de los medicamentos genéricos. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar los conocimientos sobre medicamentos genéricos en estudiantes de Medicina del último año de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal con los estudiantes que cursan el último año de la carrera. Para obtener los datos se elaboró una encuesta en Google Forms que enviada a los estudiantes. Posteriormente se creó una base de datos en Excel y se analizó con Epi Info V7. Resultados: El 92.2% consideró que las diversas marcas comerciales del mismo fármaco no modifican la acción del mismo. Casi la totalidad de los estudiantes se encuentran seguros de poder aconsejar en un futuro fármacos por su nombre genérico. La totalidad de los encuestados indican que tanto ellos como los pacientes que pueden observar en sus prácticas académicas solicitan mayor información sobre el margen de seguridad de los medicamentos genéricos. Conclusión: Como futuros médicos, se considera que los estudiantes deben tener un alto nivel de conocimiento sobre los medicamentos genéricos para prescribir correctamente y aconsejar e informar adecuadamente a sus pacientes, familiares y/o amigos.
Correlación de calcio total, calcio iónico como valor pronóstico de hipoparatiroidismo posterior a tiroidectomía total en el Instituto de Previsión Social Hospital Central – Paraguay – 2019
Authors: Quintana González Osvaldo Gregorio , Rodríguez Leiva Roque Rafael , Gill Oliveira Jessica , Jatchuk Luchuk Angélica María , Barreto Ríos Mauricio Nicolás , López Mendoza Joel Iván
Published: December 2020

Introducción: La hipocalcemia es una complicación frecuente posterior a tiroidectomía total, el dosaje de la paratohormona en el posoperatorio resulta importante para identificar el riesgo de hipocalcemia sintomática precoz pos-tiroidectomía total, empero es importante identificar otros tipos de indicadores. Objetivo: correlacionar el dosaje de calcio total y calcio iónico con el dosaje de paratohormona como valor pronóstico de hipoparatiroidismo en pacientes sometidos a tiroidectomía total en el servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Central del Instituto de Previsión Social en el periodo de junio 2018 a junio 2019. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, en el que se evaluaron factores como datos demográficos, clínicos, laboratoriales y anatomopatológicos. Se emplearon las fichas médicas, quirúrgicas y de consultorio. Resultados evaluaron a 58 pacientes, 93,1%: Se eran mujeres. El promedio de edad fue de 52±14años. El 65,5% de los pacientes presentaron normocalcemia, el 13,8% Hipoparatiroidismo transitorio (HT) y el 20,7% Hipoparatiroidismo permanente (HP). Previa a la operación los pacientes presentan dosaje normal de calcio total (CAT) e ionizado (CAI); cabe resaltar que los pacientes con HP presentan dosaje de CAT y CAI menores en todos los controles y los pacientes con HT muestran un aumento al tercer control (96hs). Conclusión: Un paciente con hipocalcemia determinado con CAI a las 24h mostró un factor de riesgo de 90 veces más de HP. La medición de CAT 96hs y de CAI 24hs, mostraron una correlación alta de predecir el HP medido por PTH (r=0,734 y r=0,719, respectivamente).
Diabetes en pacientes con infección de piel y partes blandas internados en el Hospital de Clínicas
Authors: Giménez Ortigoza Víctor Daniel , Torres Pablo Ramón
Published: December 2020

Introducción: La frecuencia de diabetes mellitus en el país es alrededor del 13 %,en general las infecciones de piel y partes blandas en general presentan una evolución desfavorable en este tipo de pacientes. Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de diabetes en pacientes internados con infección de piel y partes blandas. Metodología: diseño observacional con componentes analíticos de corte transversal, que incluyó a 236 pacientes adultos internados en el Servicio de Clínica Médica del Hospital de Clinicas  ( Paraguay) durante 2016 y 2019. Resultados: la edad media fue 52 ±11 años, hubo predominio de sexo masculino (58%). Las entidades más diagnosticadas fueron celulitis ( 50 %),  erisipela(14%) , La comorbilidad más frecuente fue la diabetes mellitus en un 39% , de los cuales el 63 %  no sabía que tenía la enfermedad. El Staphylococcus aureus fue el germen más frecuentemente aislado en los cultivos ( 55 %) y se encontró asociación significativa entre cultivo positivo para Staphylococcus aureus vs diabetes mellitus. Conclusión: la celulitis fue la infección de piel y partes blandas más frecuente, la mayoría causada por Staphylococcus aureus. La diabetes mellitus fue la comorbilidad más frecuente.
Perfil Etiológico de bacteriemia en pacientes con cirrosis hepática
Authors: Giménez Ortigoza Víctor Daniel
Published: December 2020

La cirrosis hepática  es una enfermedad crónica  e irreversible. Las infecciones son una de los principales motivos de descompensación y de mortalidad. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer la frecuencia de las bacterias aisladas en pacientes con cirrosis hepática del Hospital de Clínicas. Se revisaron las historias clínicas y hemocultivos  de los pacientes con diagnóstico de cirrosis hepática internados en el hospital de Clínicas  desde enero del año 2015 a enero del año 2019. La información se analizó utilizando Epiinfo. Los resultados fueron de 114 fichas clínicas analizadas, 96 cumplieron con criterios para ser incluidas en el presente estudio. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue 58,63 ± 17,8   años. Se halló una frecuencia de 39 % de bacteriemia, con predominio etiológico de bacterias gran negativas. Hubo un promedio de 19,7 días de estancia hospitalaria. En Conclusión las especies microbianas aisladas con mayor frecuencia fueron Klebsiella pneumoniae y Escherichia coli.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TABLET Fe DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SARI KACANG HIJAU DALAM PENINGKATAN KADAR Hb IBU HAMIL
Authors: SarI Wenny Indah Purnama Eka , Almaini Almaini , Dahlia Dahlia
Published: December 2020

Nutrisi menjadi salah satu faktor  yang ikut berpengaruh hasil akhir suatu kehamilan. Pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi selama kehamilan yang tidak tercukupi, dapat menyebabkan anemia. Pengaruh  anemia dalam  kehamilan  dapat meningkatkan risiko kelahiran prematur dan gangguan pertumbuhan janin. Untuk menanggulangi anemia, peningkatan asupan makanan dapat diupayakan dengan mengonsumsi bahan makanan yang mengandung zat gizi tinggi dan meningkatkan absorpsi besi. Salah satu bahan makanan yang kaya zat besi adalah sayuran berwarna hijau serta kacang-kacangan. Salah satu jenis kacang-kacangan yang mengandung zat besi tinggi adalah kacang hijau (Phaseolus Radiatus L). Penelitian ini bersifat quasi eksperimental dengan dengan jumlah sampel 36 orang ibu hamil trimester III dengan teknik pengambilan sampel simple random sampling dibagi dua kelompok, kelompok perlakukan dan kontrol. Kelompok perlakuan di berikan tablet Fe dengan penambahan sari kacang hijau selama 7 hari, sedangkan kelompok kontrol di berikan tablet Fe saja. Pengujian statistik menggunakan uji wilcoxon diperoleh nilai p = 0.000 menunjukan ada perbedaan kadar hemoglobin pada kelompok perlakukan dan kelompok Kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada pengaruh pemberian tablet Fe dengan penambahan sari kacang hijau dalam peningkatan kadar Hb pada ibu hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Nanti Agung Kabupaten Kepahiang Tahun 2019.  Simpulan penelitian ini adalah pemberian tablet Fe dengan penambahan sari kacang hijau efektif meningkatkan kadar Hb pada ibu hamil TM III.
Comparative assessment of the inter-sectoral communications of the light industry of Ukraine and the certain countries EU
Authors: Sozanskyy Lyubomyr
Published: December 2020

The light industry is an important inter-sectoral segment and a chain of individual production areas. The purpose of the article is to carry out a comparative assessment of the cross-sectoral linkages of light industry of Ukraine with some EU countries and to prepare relevant analytical conclusions. The research revealed that the largest consumers of light industry products in 2013-2017 in Ukraine were the industries that belonged to this type of industrial activity (textile, clothing, leather and other materials), as well as the trade, furniture industry, public administration, and defense. The key problem for the functioning of the Ukrainian light industry is its high import dependence. In particular, the share of imports in intermediate consumption of light industry of Ukraine in 2017 was almost 60%. The share of imports in the expenditures of the Ukrainian light industry was almost 49%. The production activities of light industry in Ukraine use products of many ECs, but the main suppliers of raw materials and components are: textile production, production of clothing, leather, and other materials; production of chemicals and chemical products; wholesale and retail trade; supply of electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning. In 2017, these four sectors totaled 70.74%. The following types of industrial activity in Ukraine have a significant potential for increasing output: production of rubber and plastic products; production of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers; production of other vehicles; public administration and defense; compulsory social security; health care and social assistance. The further development and improvement of the technological level of Ukrainian light industry products requires greater integration of the latter with the trade sector. However, the trade sector in Ukraine requires a thorough “unshadowing”, i.e. legalization of all operations.
Introduction
Authors: Szerszeń Tomasz
Published: December 2020

Introduction to issue 1 "The Visibility of Things."
Diversity of minute tree-fungus beetles (Coleoptera: Ciidae) of primeval and managed beech forest of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Diedus Valeriia
Published: December 2020

The study of factors that affect to the biodiversity of forest insects has not lost its relevance for several decades. As obligate fungicolous, minute tree-fungus beetles (Coleoptera, Ciidae) are one of the main destructors of saproxylic fungi. Since primeval forests are characterized by different age of tree stands and a large volume of dead wood of different stages of decomposition – the number of saproxylic fungi, and, as a consequence, minute tree-fungus beetles, show a high variety. In managed forests, selective felling and removal of dead wood is carried out, which leads to the loss of habitats and, as a consequence, to the impoverishment of the biodiversity of minute tree-fungus beetles. The fauna of minute tree-fungus beetles of primeval beech forest of the Uholsky massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve and managed 150-year-old beech forest from adjacent territories has been studied. According to the literature, at the beginning of our research the fauna of Ciidae were consisted 34 species of fauna of the Ukrainian Carpathians, and 11 species were known for the beech primeval forests of the Uholka Shyrokyi Luh preservation massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve (CBR). The material was collected with the combined window-type traps (polytrap) during the growing season 2017-2018. In general, 3302 specimens of minute tree-fungus beetles, belonging to 31 species from 8 genera, were collected and identified. For the first time for the region of the Ukrainian Carpathians were indicated such species: Cis rugulosus Mellie, 1848, Cis striatulus Mellie, 1848, Ennearthron pruinosulum (Perris in Abeille, 1864) and Rhopalodontus strandi Lohse, 1969. Taking into account our research and literature data, the faunal list of minute tree-fungus beetles for the Ukrainian Carpathians include 38 species. The species richness of beech primeval and 150-year-old managed forest is close in value, and the relative density of individuals in primeval forest is three times higher than its value in managed forest. Thus, 30 species from 8 genera (2442 individuals) have been identified for primeval beech; for managed beech forest – 28 species from 8 genera (860 specimens of minute tree-fungus beetles). Primeval beech forests are an important center for the diversity of minute tree-fungus beetles, because of the 38 species known from the Ukrainian Carpathians, 31 species have been registered in the Uholsky massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve.
Forests carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) communities of the «Prypiat-Stokhid» National Nature Park
Authors: Rizun Volodymyr
Published: December 2020

Carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) communities of the «Prypiat-Stokhid» National Nature Park have been investigated in five types of forest in 2006 with using pitfall Barber traps method. 49 species from 25 genuses were registered. The highest carabid catchability were observed in wet alder and fresh hornbeam-oak forests and the lowest in dry pine and fresh oak-pine forests. Generally 4 carabid species prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Carabus hortensis, Oxypselaphus obscurus, Pterostichus niger. In the dry pine forest prevailed: Syntomus truncatellus, Broscus cephalotes, Harpalus flavescens, Pterostichus strenuus, Calathus erratus, Oodes helopioides. In the fresh oak-pine forest prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Agonum duftschmidi, Carabus violaceus, C. hortensis, Oodes helopioides, Pterostichus minor, P. niger. In the fresh hornbeam-oak forest prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Carabus hortensis, Oxypselaphus obscurus, Pterostichus niger, P. Nigrita. In the wet oak-pine forest prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Oxypselaphus obscurus, Pterostichus niger, Epaphius secalis, Pterostichus rhaeticus, Carabus arcensis, Pterostichus minor. In the wet alder forest prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Carabus hortensis, Oxypselaphus obscurus, Pterostichus niger, P. melanarius.
New finds of anthropochoric species of terrestrial mollusks in western Ukraine
Authors: Gural-Sverlova Nina , Savchuk Sofia
Published: December 2020

New finds of 7 anthropochoric species (Oxychilus draparnaudi, O. translucidus, Krynickillus melanocephalus, Monacha cartusiana, M. fruticola, Cepaea nemoralis, C. hortensis) made in Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk regions in 2019 are listed. The first findings of C. nemoralis in Ternopil region (2017) and C. hortensis in Khmelnytsky region (2016) are also described.
Birch mice (Sicista) in the fauna of Ukraine: analysis of zoological collections of natural history museums of the NAS of Ukraine
Authors: Zagorodniuk Igor , Cheremnykh Nataliia
Published: December 2020

Materials on the findings of birch-mice in Ukraine are extremely incomplete and require verification, so estimates of the relative abundance of species and their distribution are made on the basis of collections of both academic collections of Ukraine: State Museum of Natural History (SMNH) and National Science Museum (NMNH), NAS of Ukraine. Collections of birch-mice accumulated in the DPM and NMNH for the entire period of its zoological collections are analyzed: according to the actual dates, the material covers the period 1928–1999 (several series of samples are attributed by funders as “1900–1915”, without explanation, in all cases such dates refer to collection of O. Browner). In total, there are 86 specimens of 4 species, forming two species groups. In general, the detailed records of 26 specimens of S. betulina, 12 of S. strandi, 6 of S. severtzovi, and 43 of S. loriger are described. For the latter species, the records are presented for three separate series: east (22) and west (14) of the Dnipro, and the Crimea (4). Each find is given with all the important details (collection, numbers, sample types, location, date, collector), and appropriate comments are given for all problem data: species identification, data publication, location, date or collector. The state of collections and the state of records about them is such that the number of clarifications significantly exceeds the number of records. Therefore, the use of published catalogs (especially the catalog of mammals of NMNH) is highly not recommended: in fact, all records require corrections related to problems of incorrect rewriting of primary label information, and its incorrect interpretation. In fact, this work is the first attempt to revize the available materials, but the audit is not complete due to the inability to review all samples and all primary labels simultaneously. Analysis of the distribution of specimens by months of the year showed that all species were collected mainly in May to July (67,8 % specimens), and the whole peak of seasonal activity, judging by the collection dates, covers 6 months and lasts from April to September. The issue of supplementing the collections is considered. The peak of the most massive filling fell on the 1920th, 1940th and 1980th (about 20–25 specimens were collected).
El arte rupestre del sur de Mendoza en perspectiva biogeográfica: primeros resultados a escala regional
Authors: Acevedo Agustín , Fiore Danae , Tucker Hugo , Neme Gustavo Adolfo , Gil Adolfo Fabian
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo presenta los primeros resultados de un análisis regional del arte rupestre del sur de Mendoza, basado en el estudio de la distribución de 96 sitios en tres áreas biogeográficas, evaluadas según su productividad. La información obtenida permitió identificar un repertorio rupestre de diez clases de motivos, distribuidas en las tres áreas y generalmente combinadas entre sí en los sitios: ello sugiere la existencia de amplios procesos de comunicación visual al interior de la región estudiada. Sin embargo, también se han identificado procesos de índole más local en: a) la no-combinación de ciertas clases (e.g., cefalomorfasmascariformes vs. geométricos complejos rectilíneos), su producción con técnicas diferentes (e.g., grabado vs. pintura) y su emplazamiento diferencial (e.g., sin reparo vs. con reparo); b) las frecuencias diferenciales de sitios en algunos espacios de baja productividad, pero con recursos críticos –como La Payunia–, que sugieren posibles señalizaciones de dichos recursos en un contexto de intensificación durante el Holoceno reciente.
Mildly Infected and Presumed Asymptomatic Carriers of SARS-CoV-2; Implications in Spread and Control of COVID-19
Authors: Khan Raees , Naz Shumaila , Muhammad Fawad , Jamal Syed Babar , Abbasi Sumra Wajid , Raza Rabail Zehra
Published: December 2020

The death toll and the total number of infected individuals due to the ongoing pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection have exceeded that of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) as the disease has raged around the world. So far the global efforts to tackle COVID-19 include the launch of Sputnik V vaccine by Russia, 42 vaccines presently undergoing clinical trials on humans and around 92 vaccines under preclinical active investigation in animals. Majority of the SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals have been reported to show mild symptoms whereas a considerable number show no symptoms at all. SARS-CoV-2 is believed to spread from infected individuals who are asymptomatic in addition to the symptomatic individuals. In this review we discussed how the mildly infected and asymptomatic individuals raise serious concerns and complicate the processes of screening, detection, quarantine, tracking and treatmentthatareinpracticetopreventthetransmissionofthe COVID-19.
Repurposing of Antiviral Drugs for Covid-19 Therapy
Authors: Wahedi Hussain Mustatab , Amraiz Deeba
Published: December 2020

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) is one of the biggest health challenges across the globe ever since its eruption in late 2019. Novelty, contagiousness, and lethality of the virus demand the expedited production of potential therapeutic agents and strategies against it. Since no COVID-19 specific drug is available yet, it persists a crucial challenge to determine what therapeutic strategies should be adopted for the treatment of coronavirus patients. Until there is any specific drug for COVID-19, repurposing of the existing FDA-approved drugs is the most suitable approach to treat the severely ill patients of COVID-19. This review will summarize the existing antiviral drugs being repurposed and probed for their potential as effective anti-COVID-19 drugs all over the world.
An Update on Reconfiguring $10$-Colorings of Planar Graphs
Authors: Dvořák Zdeněk , Feghali Carl
Published: December 2020

The reconfiguration graph $R_k(G)$ for the $k$-colorings of a graph~$G$ has as vertex set the set of all possible proper $k$-colorings of $G$ and two colorings are adjacent if they differ in the color of exactly one vertex. A result of Bousquet and Perarnau (2016) regarding graphs of bounded degeneracy implies that if $G$ is a planar graph with $n$ vertices, then $R_{12}(G)$ has diameter at most $6n$. We improve on the number of colors, showing that $R_{10}(G)$ has diameter at most $8n$ for every planar graph $G$ with $n$ vertices.
“Overcoming Modernity” in Asia? A Critical Review
Authors: SUN Jiang
Published: December 2020

Discussing the issues of “Asia,” Takeuchi Yoshimi’s discourse of “Overcoming Modernity” () has received broad attention among the international community of scholars. Commentators try to identify the ideological elements of this discourse that, as they
hope, could help to solve post-modern problems. After analysing Takeuchi’s understanding of the war and its context, this paper shows that his discourse of “overcoming modernity” has an anti-historical tendency, which stems from the ideological ambiguity of his attitude towards
the question of who was responsible for the war.
Julia Mandry, Armenfürsorge, Hospitäler und Bettel in Thüringen in Spätmittelalter und Reformation (1300–1600). Quellen und Forschungen zu Thüringen im Zeitalter der Reformation 10. Wien, Köln und Weimar: Böhlau Verlag, 2018, S. 1052,
29 Tabellen, 58 Abb., 5 Karten.
Authors: Grafinger Christine Maria
Published: December 2020

Nach der thematischen Einführung mit Hinweisen auf Forschungsstand und Methodik werden am Beginn dieser Studie Armut und Betteln in der im Wandel begriffenen Lebenswelt des Spätmittelalters und der Reformation behandelt. Darüber hinaus wird auf die Selbstbetrachtung und
auf die Wahrnehmung durch die Gesellschaft der am Ende der sozialen Rangordnung stehenden Gruppen der Bedürftigen eingegangen. Die Armenfürsorge wird in ihren unterschiedlichen Facetten aufgezeigt, wie z. B. Hospitäler als die zentralen Anstalten, und ihre historische Entwicklung,
Verwaltung und Organisation werden besprochen. Dazu wird auf Siechenhäusern und den sozialen Umgang mit Personen, die wegen Infektionskrankheiten isoliert wurden, eingegangen. Auch die Behandlung von psychisch erkrankten Personen, auf die Fürsorge von Findelkindern und Waisen, und
auch auf die Schwangerenbetreuung wird Bezug genommen. Die spezielle Untersuchung zur Armenfürsorge und zum Spitalwesens in den thüringischen Städten – Nordhausen, Mühlhausen, Erfurt, Altenburg, (Langen)Salza, Arnstadt, Greiz und Reußen – wird mit einer
historischen Übersicht, beginnend mit dem Spätmittelalter eingeleitet. Es wird gezeigt, dass die ältesten Stadtordnungen, wie die von Nürnberg (1370, 1478), erstmals Almosenempfang und Bettelwesen behandelten, und es wird auf reichsrechtliche Entscheidungen wie die vom
Wormser Reichstag Bezug genommen (1495).
Die Welt des Frater Felix Fabri. Hrsg. von Folker Reichert und Alexander Rosenstock. Veröffentlichungen der Stadtbibliothek Ulm, 25. Weißenhorn (Bayern): Anton H. Konrad Verlag, 2018, IX, 286 S., zahlreiche s/w und farbige Abb.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: December 2020

Anlässlich der Feier zum 500jährigen Bestehen der Ulmer Stadtbibliothek wurde parallel zur Ausstellung auch ein Symposium organisiert, dessen Beiträge im vorliegenden Band publiziert wurden. Die zwei Herausgeber haben eine Reihe von Fachleuten gewinnen können, die
sich hervorragend in der relevanten Materie auskennen und zugleich neue Erkenntnisse bzw. Interpretationen zu dem berühmten Pilgerautor Felix Fabri (gest. 1502) beisteuern konnten. In der Forschung ist Fabri bereits vielfach kritisch durchleuchtet worden, und man kann heute seine Biographie
leicht sowohl digital im Netz als auch in gedruckten Nachschlagewerken auffinden. Trotzdem wäre es hilfreich gewesen, wenn hier einleitend eine knappe Skizze seines Lebens geboten worden wäre. Immerhin findet sich im Anhang eine von Jacob Klingner geschaffene genaue Auflistung all
seiner Werke in handschriftlicher und gedruckter Form, deren moderne Übersetzungen und Paraphrasen.
Geneviève Dumas, Santé et société à Montpellier à la fin du Moyen Âge. The Medieval Mediterranean, 102. Leiden und Boston: Brill, 2015, 591 S.
Authors: Schmitz-Esser Romedio
Published: December 2020

Dieses umfangreiche Werk nimmt sich mit Montpellier nicht weniger als eines der wichtigsten Zentren der medizinischen Ausbildung im mittelalterlichen Europa vor, um hier – wie es schon der Titel verrät – weniger die an der berühmten Universität
gelehrten Inhalte, als vielmehr die Gesundheitsversorgung und die Umstände, unter denen Ärzte hier praktizierten und lehrten, in den Fokus zu rücken. Schon ein Blick in das umfangreiche Verzeichnis von Quellen und Archivalien verrät den Anspruch dieser Arbeit, die zu einem
wichtigen Referenzwerk für die sozialhistorisch interessierte Forschung zur Geschichte der Medizin im Spätmittelalter werden dürfte.
Evgeny Khvalkov, The Colonies of Genoa in the Black Sea Region: Evolution and Transformation. Routledge Research in Medieval Studies, 11. New York and London: Routledge, 2018, xiv, 443 pp., 10 fig., 7 tables.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: December 2020

Our current and very urgent goal is to transform Medieval Studies into Global Medieval Studies, a thorny, challenging, maybe also daunting task, but one that we cannot turn away if we want to progress in our field. In fact, it does not matter whether we want to go that route or not;
if we want to understand the Middle Ages both holistically and in specifics, we must simply accept that many people (merchants, soldiers, diplomats, artists, craftsmen, preachers, rulers, scholars, etc.) traveled not only throughout Europe, but also far beyond those limits, and encountered
in that way countless other people who arrived from other directions. One most promising area of investigation that has already been long recognized is the group of merchants traveling to the Mongol court, prime among them Marco Polo. But he, his brothers, and numerous other individuals were,
after all, only exceptions, and the Chinese, for instance, did not demonstrate any real interest in the West, apart from the Arabic world. However, if we turn to the Black Sea, an entirely different situation emerges that proves to be highly promising for future research.
Allegra Iafrate, The Long Life of Magical Objects: A Study in the Solomonic Tradition. The Magic in History Series. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2019, xi, 235 pp., 19 b/w images, 2 tables.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: December 2020

Throughout times, magic and magicians have exerted a tremendous influence, and this even in our (post)modern world (see now the contributions to Magic and Magicians in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Time, ed. Albrecht Classen, 2017; here not mentioned). Allegra Iafrate
here presents a fourth monograph dedicated to magical objects, primarily those associated with the biblical King Solomon, especially the ring, the bottle which holds a demon, knots, and the flying carpet. She is especially interested in the reception history of those symbolic objects, both
in antiquity and in the Middle Ages, both in western and in eastern culture, that is, above all, in the Arabic world, and also pursues the afterlife of those objects in the early modern age. Iafrate pursues not only the actual history of King Solomon and those religious objects associated
with him, but the metaphorical objects as they made their presence felt throughout time, and this especially in literary texts and in art-historical objects.
Joanna Miles, The Devil’s Mortal Weapons: An Anthology of Late Medieval and Protestant Vernacular Theology and Popular Culture. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 2018, xv, 400 pp.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: December 2020

As recent scholarship has increasingly realized, all our traditional paradigms regarding historical or cultural epochs are the results of long academic debates and represent the outcome of extensive negotiations. What we have traditionally identified as the Middle Ages and as the Renaissance
or the era of the Protestant Reformation, suddenly no longer seems to be so neatly separated. In fact, much of the public discourse in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, especially with respect to religious issues, morality, and ethics, continued well beyond 1500 and even extended into
the seventeenth century, as mirrored, for instance, by Shakespeare, who certainly reveals many medieval elements in his writings.
Nadja Krajicek, Frauen in Notlagen. Suppliken an Maximilian I. als Selbstzeugnisse. Quelleneditionen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung, 17. Wien: Böhlau, 2018, 198 S.
Authors: Dinzelbacher Peter
Published: December 2020

Bittschriften waren bislang in der Mediävistik ein wenig bearbeitetes Thema; die beiden Bücher von Arnold Esch, die entsprechende Schreiben an den Papst referieren (Wahre Geschichten aus dem Mittelalter, 2010, und Die Lebenswelt des europäischen Spätmittelalters,
2014), haben diese Quellengattung zu Recht in Erinnerung gerufen. Das historisch Spannende bei diesem Genus ist, dass es, um einen mittelalterlichen Begriff zu gebrauchen, ,unscheltbar‘ ist, d. h. dass die realen Ereignisse, die zu diesen Schreiben führten, nicht angezweifelt
werden können und diese Briefe nicht, wie sonst bei so ziemlich allen anderen üblich, als bloße Stilübungen oder -vorlagen ohne Bezug zur Lebenswelt abgetan werden können. Die Überlieferung der Originale im Archiv des Empfängers und die Notizen bzgl. der
Erledigung beweisen, hier werden tatsächliche Geschicke geschildert, wenn vielleicht auch dramatisiert oder einseitig.
Johann Josef Böker, Michael von Savoyen und der Fassadenriss des Kölner Domes. Wien, Köln und Weimar: Böhlau Verlag, 2018, 170 S.
Authors: Heisel Joachim P.
Published: December 2020

Johann Josef Böker und seinem Team ist es zu verdanken, dass die gotischen Architekturzeichnungen im deutschsprachigen Raum in den letzten Jahren systematisch erfasst wurden. Diese Risse sind in der Regel weder datiert, noch signiert, sodass der Frage der
Datierung und der Autorenschaft nur durch einen Vergleich mit dem dargestellten Bauwerk und dessen Baugeschichte näher zu kommen ist. Böker unternimmt nun in seinem Buch den Versuch, diese Fragen für den Riss F der Westfassade des Kölner Doms zu klären.
Anselm Oelze, Animal Rationality. Later Medieval Theories 1250–1350. Investigating Medieval Philosophy, 12. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2018, 270 pp.
Authors: Ortúzar María José
Published: December 2020

Animal Rationality intends to show the variety of medieval views on the cognitive capacities of nonhuman animals—a variety which is obscured by the usual story about the crisis caused by Aristotle in confining animals to the sphere of a-rationality (Richard Sorabji).
Gaines Post, The Papacy and the Rise of the Universities, ed. with a preface by William J. Courtenay. Education and Society in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, 54. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2017, x, 263 S.
Authors: Lützelschwab Ralf
Published: December 2020

Die vorliegende Dissertation entstand im Jahr 1931 an der Harvard Universität. Gedruckt wurde sie 2017. Ihr Autor, Gaines Post (1902–1986), darf mit Fug und Recht als einer der einflussreichsten amerikanischen Mediävisten des 20. Jahrhunderts gelten. Nur: rechtfertigt
dies den Druck eines Erstlings, den sein Autor selbst (mit Ausnahme zweier Kapitel, die als Zeitschriftenartikel erschienen sind) niemals selbst zum Druck bringen konnte bzw. wollte? William J. Courtenay, selbst eminenter Universitätshistoriker und Schüler von Post, beantwortet diese
Frage mit einem klaren Ja und zeichnet deshalb als Herausgeber der Dissertation seines verehrten Lehrers verantwortlich.
Medieval Combat in Colour: Hans Talhoffer’s Illustrated Manual of Swordfighting and Close-Quarter Combat from 1467, ed. and introduced by Dierk Hagedorn. Barnsley, S. Yorkshire: Greenhill Books, 2018, 319 pp., ill.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: December 2020

The late Middle Ages witnessed the creation of numerous fencing books, mostly in Germany, illustrating the many different techniques, weapons, styles, strategies, and the movements, as Patrick Leiske discussed only recently in his Höfisches Spiel und tödlicher Ernst
(2018; see my review here in vol. 32). Some of the true masters and teachers of this sport and fighting technique were Johannes Liechtenauer, Peter von Danzig, Sigmund Ringeck, and Hans Talhoffer, whom Leiske also discusses in a separate chapter.
Hermann de Reun, Sermons. Introduction, traduction et notes par Pierre- Yves Emery. Corpus Christianorum in Translation, 25. Turnhout: Brepols, 2015, 755 S.
Authors: Lützelschwab Ralf
Published: December 2020

Überliefert sind sie in einer einzigen Handschrift: die 108 lateinischen Predigten des Hermann von Rein. Vor über 30 Jahren wurden sie in der prestigeträchtigen Reihe des Corpus Christianorum (Continuatio Medievalis) von Edmund Mikkers und anderen kritisch ediert (Hermannus
de Runa, Sermones festivales, hg. v. E. Mikkers, J. Theuws und R. Demeulenaere [CCCM, 64], , Turnhout 1986). Nun folgt die Übersetzung ins Französische, die Pierre-Yves Emery, Bruder aus Taizé, besorgt hat. Emery ist kein Anfänger auf diesem
Gebiet: seine Übersetzungskunst konnte er bereits bei vielen Briefen und Predigten Bernhards von Clairvaux und den Jesaja-Homelien Aelreds von Rievaulx unter Beweis stellen. Hier wie dort ist das Ergebnis ausgesprochen überzeugend.
ANALYZE THE SPEED OF SIDE KICKS OF TEENAGE FIGHTERS
Authors: Harun Hadidjah , Hidayat Syarif , Hadjarati Hartono
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study was to analyze the speed of side kicks of teenage fighters at the Center for Student Training Education (PPLP) Gorontalo. This research method uses survey research in the form of a 15 second kick test, sit and reach test, standing board jump test. The sample of this study was conducted on 8 PPLP Gorontalo youth fighters. Based on the results of the study, the side kick speed of the Gorontalo PPLP adolescent fighter had a side kick speed performed within 15 seconds on average capable of doing as many as 28 for the right foot included in the excellent category and 26 for the left foot included in either category. In addition, the flexibility owned by Gorontalo PPLP adolescent fighters who were tested using sit and reach test was 45 cm which was included in the excellent category. Meanwhile, the power tested by standing board jump test power is 2.71 m which is included in the excellent category.