bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Determinants of Health Affecting Retinopathy of Prematurity Follow-up Attendance
Authors: Strelnikov Jacob I. , Burkland John , Plattner Alexander S. , Rao Rakesh , Lee Andrew R. , Gordon Mae O. , Reynolds Margaret
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To identify social determinants of health (SDOH) associated with follow-up attendance of pre-term infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) after neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study, conducted at a single academic tertiary care center, included preterm infants screened for ROP from July 2018 to December 2022. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from a preexisting NICU database. Residential ZIP code was used to derive community-level SDOH indices. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with ophthalmology follow-up attendance within 8 weeks to 1 year after NICU discharge.

Results

Forty-two percent (303 of 723) of patients attended follow-up in the designated interval. Infants with private insurance (odds ratio [OR]: 4.47, 95% CI: 1.98 to 10.1,
P
< .001), maternal non-Hispanic White identity (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.81,
P
= .01), ROP treatment history (OR: 3.67, 95% CI: 2.05 to 6.57,
P
< .001), and longer NICU stay (weeks) (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.08,
P
< .001) had higher odds of attending follow-up. In an interaction effect, privately insured patients had lower odds of follow-up with each higher quartile of Social Vulnerability Index Racial and Ethnic Minority Status (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.84,
P
= .002).

Conclusions

Social determinants of health, including individual and community-level factors, significantly impact access to ROP follow-up. The identified disparities and overall inadequate follow-up rate suggest a need for targeted interventions to improve vision health equity and follow-up adherence.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 20XX;X(X):XXX–XXX.]
Comparison of Botulinum Toxin A Injection and Bridge Faden Operation Performed With Bimedial Rectus Recession in Patients With Large-Angle Esotropia
Authors: Inal Aslı , Koçkar Alev , Yiğit Didem Dizdar
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To compare the results of botulinum toxin A injection and bridge Faden operation performed with bimedial rectus recession in the treatment of large-angle esotropia.

Methods

The medical charts of patients with large-angle esotropia who underwent bimedial rectus recession combined with the Faden operation or botulinum toxin A injection between January 2018 and March 2022 were retrospectively screened. The degree of deviations measured before surgery and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery were compared between the two groups.

Results

The sample consisted of 26 patients, of whom 15 (57.7%) were male and 11 (42.3%) were female. In the botulinum toxin A group (n = 11), the mean age was 42.1 ± 22.6 months at admission and 65.3 ± 17.1 months at surgery, and the mean preoperative near and far distance deviations were 49.8 ± 8.4 and 44.3 ± 9.4 PD, respectively. In the Faden group (n = 15), the mean age was 54.9 ± 21.7 months at admission and 71.3 ± 12.6 months at surgery, and the mean preoperative deviations at near and far distances were 49.3 ± 11.2 and 44.3 ± 9.2 PD, respectively. The complete success rates of the botulinum toxin A and Faden groups evaluated 12 months after treatment were 63.6% and 66.7%, respectively, for the near distance deviation and 72.7% and 73.3%, respectively, for the far distance deviation. After the botulinum toxin A injection, 2 patients developed transient ptosis and 1 developed consecutive exotropia.

Conclusions

As an alternative to multi-muscle surgery in large-angle esotropia, botulinum toxin A injection and Faden procedures, performed with bilateral medial rectus recession, provide successful results.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 20XX;X(X):XXX–XXX.]
Numerical study of aerodynamic drag reduction of a circular cylinder with an inbuilt nozzle
Authors: Islam Sarker Ashraful , Esheta Farhana Kabir , Shahriar Md Mahir , Ahmed Dewan Hasan
Published: December 2024

Researchers have extensively studied drag reduction because of its impact on a vehicle's fuel economy and structural stability, among other applications. A numerical study was carried out on the two-dimensional flow past a circular cylinder acting as a bluff body. In this case, the converging and diverging nozzles were used as passive flow control devices to reduce the drag coefficient. The subcritical Reynolds number 1×105 was considered for the numerical study using ANSYS Fluent with the k-ω SST as a viscous model. Seven different outlet and inlet diameter ratios, Dout/Din, ranging from 0.2 to 1.4, were considered for the nozzle. The main focus of this research was to find the influence of a nozzle in a circular cylinder on decreasing drag. It was found that both the converging and diverging nozzles can be used in passive mode to reduce the drag coefficient. For the converging nozzle, a jet is formed at the exit of the nozzle, which produces thrust and ultimately reduces the drag coefficient. The flow rate increases through the nozzle with the increase in Dout/Din. This leads to a more extended jet, which fluctuates more because of the flow separation and the inherent nature of the vortex shedding of a circular cylinder. The drag coefficients are reduced by more than 30% in all the simulated cases. However, the drag reduction is more significant for the diverging nozzle and is greatly influenced by Dout/Din. Indeed, more than 38% of drag coefficients are reduced for Dout/Din = 1.4. On the other hand, the vortex shedding frequency is significantly higher for the diverging nozzle. Therefore, converging nozzles have an upper hand over the diverging nozzles. The grid independence test was achieved, and the numerical model was validated with results available in the open literature.
Hybrid and Fusion Approach for Fault-tolerant Quantum Computing
Authors: LEE Jaehak , SONG Wooyeong
Published: December 2024

Quantum error correction is an essential tool for performing reliable quantum information processing tasks under noisy circumstances, and is attracting growing attention today as a crucial element for realizing the fault-tolerant quantum computer. In this article, we introduce two cutting-edge quantum error correction techniques for implementing fault-tolerant quantum computation: the hybrid approach and the fusion-based quantum computation. The hybrid quantum computing utilizes hybrid qubits which combine the advantages of continuous-variable and discrete-variable qubits. The fusion-based quantum error correction offers a way, specialized for photonic quantum information processing, toward fault tolerance based on two-qubit measurement, known as fusion. We demonstrate by numerical simulations that our methods achieve the increased loss threshold and the improved resource efficiency compared to previous photonic proposals.
Fault-tolerant Quantum Computing with the Color Code
Authors: LEE Seok-Hyung
Published: December 2024

One of the most significant obstacles for implementing quantum computing is noise, corrupting quantum information stored in qubits. Quantum error-correcting codes can be utilized to overcome this by distributing quantum information into multiple qubits. The color code is one of the representative error-correcting codes, which allows relatively straightforward implementations of logical gates. In this article, I describe how to perform fault-tolerant quantum computing using the color code, including correcting errors via decoding and implementations of logical gates.
BeQuali – an archive in question
Authors: Duchesne Sophie , Brugidou Mathieu
Published: December 2024

This paper addresses the difficulties generated by the archiving of data in social sciences and humanities through a case study: the set-up of a French qualitative archive, beQuali, whose first years (2006-2013) happened to be full of frictions. The article deals first with the consequences of the inflation of promises on the standardization of research practices. It then analyses the interpretative flexibility related to archiving and its difficult translation into a series of mediating objects. Lastly, the article shows the increasing disconnection between functioning and uses of the infrastructure and emphasizes some effects of the “excellence” policies on the team organization. The authors, who participated in beQuali’s set-up, conclude, with the required methodological step back, that political issues related to the making of this kind of equipment have to be taken into consideration and plead for questioning further existing qualitative archives.
Solar-PV Integrated Electric Vehicle Charging System with Bilateral Chopper
Authors: Prasanna K. Reddy , Kumar T. Naveen , Sankar Motikayala Sai , Kumar Yalarathi Charan , Snehalatha Mallugalla , Bhavana N.
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces a cutting-edge solar photovoltaic (PV) tied electric vehicle (EV) charging system integrating a bilateral chopper. The system aims to optimize energy utilization and enhance grid interaction by allowing bidirectional power flow between the solar PV array, electric vehicle, and the grid. The bilateral chopper serves as a pivotal component, enabling seamless energy transfer, storage, and distribution. The proposed system incorporates advanced control algorithms to manage energy flow dynamically, considering variables such as solar irradiance, EV charging demands, and grid conditions. The bidirectional converter facilitates efficient energy exchange, allowing surplus solar energy to charge the EV and, conversely, enabling the EV to provide power back to the grid during peak demand or grid support scenarios. Key features of the system include real-time monitoring and control through a smart grid interface, enabling users to optimize charging schedules based on renewable energy convenience and grid conditions. The bilateral chopper enhances the system's flexibility, enabling it to operate in grid-tied, off-grid, or hybrid modes, contributing to increased sustainability and resilience in the overall energy ecosystem. This innovative solar PV tied electric vehicle charging system offers a compelling solution for promoting clean and sustainable transportation while effectively integrating non-conventional energy sources into the broader power grid. The research findings provide valuable insights into the feasibility, performance, and potential benefits of such integrated systems in the context of future smart and sustainable energy infrastructures.
The Ultimate Strength of Deck Barge 270 Feet under of Global Load Using Numerical Simulation Method
Authors: Alamsyah Alamsyah , Juliansyah Muhammad Zhafran , Pawara Muhammad Uswah , Ikhwani Rodlian Jamal , Muis Alie Muhammad Zubair , Ardianti Andi
Published: December 2024

Barges generally have an even distribution of load weight on the deck. The tendency of barges to experience hull fractures is at 0.2 ~ 0.7 L during material loading mode.The pupose of the research is to determine the ultimate strength of barge construction during loading mode. The method used is a numerical simulation. The research results show that the maximum stress value under hogging conditions for loadcase 1 and loadcase 2 with intact plate thickness is 221.204 Mpa and 223.207 MPa, the maximum stress value in hogging conditions for loadcase 1 and loadcase 2 with 20% reduction in plate thickness is 188.973 MPa and 196.303 MPa, and the maximum stress value in hogging conditions for loadcase 1 and loadcase 2 with a plate thickness reduction of 25% is 170.054 MPa and 164.861 MPa. The largest ultimate moment value was obtained in loadcase 2 hogging conditions with intact plate thickness, namely 1.92 x 1011 Nmm. The thinner the construction plate, the lower its ultimate strength will be. The addition of sideboards to the barge deck can also affect the ultimate strength value he construction safety factor is rated 1.064 ~ 1.425.
Smart Water Quality Monitoring System Using Arduino Based Sensors: A Practical Approach
Authors: Latha K. Asha , Mahesh Kannali , Varadarajulu T. , Dharani Kumar P. , Bharat Kumar C. , Sadik K.
Published: December 2024

The quality of water stands particularly in the context of green globalization. Ensuring the safety of drinking water necessitates of water quality monitoring in real-time. The present study introduces a cost-effective solution for water quality monitoring in real-time through the advance developing of a cost less system. The system integrates multiple sensors capable of measuring both physical and chemical parameters of water, including temperature, pH, turbidity, and total dissolved solids. The data collected from these sensors are processed by a core controller, with the Arduino model identified as a suitable candidate. This system offers an affordable and efficient means of continuous water quality monitoring, thereby contributing to the provision of clean and safest drinking water resources in era of green globalization.
Multipurpose Smart Bridge Health Monitoring System Using Ardunio Based Sensors
Authors: Latha K. Asha , Navya Avilala , Prakash Raju R. , Poorna Chandar V. , Bharath Raj K.
Published: December 2024

Bridges are essential infrastructure elements vital for transportation, commerce, and societal connectivity. Ensuring their structural integrity is paramount for public safety and economic stability. However, traditional bridge inspection methods relying on periodic visual assessments may not detect subtle structural issues in real-time, potentially leading to hazardous situations. To address this challenge, we propose a Multipurpose Smart Bridge Health Monitoring System (MSBHMS) utilizing Arduino-based sensors. The MSBHMS integrates various sensors, including accelerometer, load cells, and moisture sensors, strategically placed across the bridge structure to continuously monitor its health. These sensors gather data on factors affecting bridge structural integrity, such as vibrations, strain, and environmental conditions. An Arduino microcontroller serves as the central processing unit, collecting real-time data from distributed sensors. The various data collected transmitted wireless format to a central monitoring station, where it analysis by enhancing machine learning algorithms and data visualization techniques. The MSBHMS's versatility enables early detection of structural anomalies, such as excessive vibrations or abnormal strain patterns, allowing for prompt maintenance actions to prevent potential failures or hazards. Compared to traditional inspection methods, the proposed system offers continuous real-time monitoring, early fault detection, reduced inspection costs, and enhanced safety. Moreover, it facilitates data-driven decision-making for bridge maintenance and management, ultimately improving overall infrastructure resilience and longevity.
Numerical Simulation of Internal Sprays in a Constant Chamber Using Large Eddy Simulation Techniques
Authors: Kaewbumrung Mongkol , Plengsa-Ard Chalermpon
Published: December 2024

For conventional compression ignition (CI) engines, the phenomena of spray fuel injection are important processes. The challenge of spray simulation is to accurately capture complex physical phase changes and interactions between vaporized fuel and ambient air. The present work describes numerical simulation of spray structures in a constant vessel chamber. Large eddy simulation (LES) technique is used to simulate the complex spray structure. The prediction results from the standard Smagorinsky (LES-SML) and the dynamic structure (LES-DS) based LES turbulence model are mainly compared, while the commercial CFD software package ANSYS-Forte is employed for this purpose. The non-reacting spray case is simulated with diesel surrogate such as n-dodecane at ambient temperature of 900 K. The present research starts with an initial grid size of 2 mm, and uses a solution adaptive grid refinement (SAM) to obtain the minimum grid sizes of 0.125 mm. The existing experimental data from the database ECN are employed to validate, and the results from time averaging RANS simulations are included to compare the spray global trends. The results showed that the similar global spray characteristics results from LES-DS and LES-SML were captured. The over-predicted results were observed during the early stage when time after start of injection was less than 0.3 ms. However, the dynamic structure model (LES-DS) was able to capture gradients of vapor penetration well compared to existing experimental data, while the development was higher than those of LES-SML results during the last stage of injection. The liquid penetration length predictions from LES-DS models show good agreement with the experiments at a certain point, whereas the liquid penetration length predictions from LES-SML steadies at different levels. The global trends of mixture fraction, gas-phase temperature and gas phase velocity along the axial distance were also presented. The simulated mixture fraction performed the maximum value near nozzle exit and decreased along the axial locations. For temperature, a cooling in the central zone was observed, while the highest value of predicted gas velocity was near the tip of spray centerline. Moreover, corresponding with temperature and mixture fraction simulated contours, more large spray structures were observed with LES-DS model, and LES-DS model can provide a better local information when compared with those of LES-SML model. In conclusion, the LES-DS model was a better choice for spray simulation when compared with the standard Smarkorinsky model.
Applying FEA and MBD Analysis for a Racing Car Conversion
Authors: Rishmany Jihad , Choucair Mary , Lahoud Chawki
Published: December 2024

Certification to race in a given group requires a safe and homologated vehicle. In this context, an Audi A3 is converted to a racing car. For providing passenger safety, a T45 carbon steel roll cage is designed and assessed via FEA under different loading scenarios. In addition, a redesign of the disc brake via a heat transfer simulation followed by a thermo-mechanical stress analysis showed that at a velocity of 150 Km/h, the maximum temperatures attained by the original and modified disc brakes are 300°C and 225°C respectively. Moreover, a suspension system is designed via multi-body dynamics analysis to give solace for the driver and absorb the shock. Through trial and error, a coil over with a stiffness of 80 N/mm and a damping coefficient of 0.3 N.s/mm is selected. Finally, the engine is homologated by modifying several parameters in order to increase power such as bore, stroke, and valves. The total cost of the homologation is around 10,000 $. In conclusion, this work provides a comprehensive roadmap for those aiming to convert regular vehicles into racing cars. By outlining key processes such as structural safety upgrades, brake system optimization, suspension tuning, and engine modifications, this study serves as a detailed guide for homologation. These modifications, performed on the Audi A3, demonstrate a clear approach to achieving competitive racing standards while balancing performance, safety, and cost-effectiveness.
Studies of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Prepared by Co-Precipitation Method of FeSO4 and FeCl3 Solution
Authors: Thonglor Panakamon , Pinitsoontorn Supree
Published: December 2024

The magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) are being investigated. Fe3O4 NPs were prepared using the co-precipitation method and oven dried. The magnetic properties are influenced by the electron environments of the Fe3+ ions within the iron oxide structure. XPS spectra of Fe3+ (2p3/2) and (2p1/2) show peaks around 706.45 eV and 720.76 eV, respectively. Furthermore, magnetite NPs dried at 60 °C exhibited the largest hysteresis loop at 50K and less at 300K. In addition, the values of Ms and Mr indicate ferromagnetic behavior in Fe3O4 NPs. The result of this material shows high Ms (~38.638 emu/g) at 50K with Hc of 3.094K (near ferromagnetism) and ~33.843 emu/g at 300K with Hc of 0.000K (superparamagnetic). However, these magnetic properties are utilized for biomaterial applications such as separating biomolecules or coating core shells for nanoparticles, which presents an option for future biomedical technology.
Fractionation Studies to Increase the Ni Grade of Saprolite Ores from the Wolo Mine Area, Kolaka Regency of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Munahruddin Munahruddin , Sufriadin Sufriadin , Nur Irzal
Published: December 2024

The raw materials of stainless steel production are mainly derived from nickel laterite ore. The production of stainless steel is carried out using the pyrometallurgical method. The Rotary Kiln Electric Furnace (RKEF) process is widely used to produce ferronickel or nickel matte. The feed for the RKEF smelter originates from saprolite ores and is usually divided into soft saprolite and rocky saprolite. Soft saprolite generally has a higher Ni-grade than rocky saprolite. The potential for increased nickel grade in rocky saprolite can be carried out by screening the bulk ores to minimize gangue materials. In this study, a total of 22 samples of saprolite ore were taken from five different mining fronts and then screened to produce a series of fractions with the size of -2", +2"-4", +4"-6", +6"-8", + 8”. Results of chemical analysis using the XRF method show that enrichment of Ni was found in the -2” fractions, and Ni grade tends to decrease with the larger fraction sizes. Lizardite is the principal nickel-hosted mineral in saprolite ores with the highest composition in the cumulative fraction -2”. Gangue minerals, mainly olivine, significantly affect the enrichment of Ni, especially in the coarser fraction. The higher olivine composition indicates a lower Ni content. The (+6-8)" and (+8)" fractions should be removed to obtain the optimum Ni grade and recovery.
Study of the Technical Condition of the Bridge Structure
Authors: Otrosh Yurii , Rashkevich Nina , Mamontov Ihor , Kuleba Olena
Published: December 2024

The assessment of bridge structures is not only relevant, but also an integral part of effective infrastructure management aimed at ensuring safety, convenience and comfort for citizens. Many bridges have been destroyed due to imperfect design, the use of low-quality materials, and inappropriate construction methods. Consideration of natural and human factors in the design, construction and operation of bridge structures is key to ensuring their safety, durability and long-term performance. Any defects require careful monitoring, assessment and timely repair to ensure the safety and reliability of bridges. Various methods are used to inspect bridge structures. Inspection methods can be used individually or in combination to obtain comprehensive information on the condition of bridge structures and take the necessary measures for their maintenance and repair. In work to determine the stresses in a bridge, we use the finite element method (LIRA 9.4 R3). The inspection of the bridge's structures revealed a number of defects resulting from corrosion processes, operational factors and certain structural deficiencies. To ensure the durability of the bridge structures, it is necessary to reconstruct the bridge.
Preliminary Investigations on Strength Properties of Concrete Using Addition of Alccofine
Authors: Nirosha D. , Pravallika L. , Ramakrishna J. , Sai Ram N. , Siddeswar N. , Narasimha Reddy P. Venkata
Published: December 2024

This study presents preliminary investigations on the strength properties of concrete using addition of Alccofine. Concrete mixtures were prepared with varying percentages of Alccofine ranging from 0% to 20% and tested for compression strength and splitting tensile strength after 7, 14 & 28 days of curing. During the first week of curing (7 days), the concrete gains initial strength. Extending the curing period to 14 days allows for further hydration and strength development in the concrete. The 28-days of curing period is a critical milestone in concrete curing, as it represents the standard duration for assessing the concrete's compressive strength characteristics. The optimum percentage of Alccofine was arrived at15%. Exceeding the optimum percentage of Alccofine (20%) can lead to an adverse effect on strength due to potential issues like excessive pozzolanic reactions or changes in the concrete's microstructure. This information will help in determining the optimal proportion of Alccofine for achieving the desired strength and performance characteristics in the concrete mixtures.
A Comprehensive Study on the Impact of the Scale of Learning Spaces on Happiness and Well-Being of Preschool Children with reference to two selected cases from Colombo, Sri Lanka
Authors: Siriwardena M. G. M. A. S. R. , Hettiarachchi A. A.
Published: December 2024

Childhood is concerned as the foundation of an adult. Therefore, providing of psychologically inspiring spaces for children is vital. The previous studies have been done related to happiness and well-being of preschool children, mostly focusing on the usage of colors, indoor environment quality, outdoor play spaces etc. But there is very limited evidence for studying the inter-connection between the scale of learning spaces and happiness and well-being of preschool children. Considering the research gap in the context of architectural design, this study was first of its kind to investigate the impact of scale of learning spaces, on the happiness and well-being (i.e., In related to PERMA profiler) of preschool children. Mosaic approach from Professor Allison Clerk was used to collect data for the research. Results revealed that large scale learning spaces generates high levels of PERMA profiler than small scale learning spaces. Large scale learning spaces support in generating engagement (79.3%), relationships (78.2%) and accomplished (74.3%) components in related to PERMA profiler. Small scale learning spaces aid in generating positive emotion (79.3%) and meaning (65.3%) components when considered in related to PERMA profiler. The recommendations provided based on the findings can be utilized to design future preschool learning spaces that promote high levels of happiness and well-being in preschool children.
Sustainable composite insulation panels: investigating diverse alternatives for insulating applications utilizing coconut husk and agro-industrial residue composites
Authors: Shamindi Avyaja , Kudaligama Anuththara , Udawattha Chameera
Published: December 2024

The current economic crisis emphasizes the need for cost-effective and sustainable construction practices, given that the construction sector remains a significant environmental polluter, generating harmful residues and consuming substantial energy and resources. This study investigates the use of agro-industrial waste materials, particularly coconut husk, combined with innovative adhesives such as rice water, rubber wastewater, bael fruit (Aegle marmelos) extract and lime to develop eco-efficient insulation boards. The research focuses on evaluating key attributes including thermal properties, mechanical strength characteristics and resistance to mold growth, while also considering the influence of lime as a factor. Standard testing methods were employed, including thermal conductivity tests to assess insulation efficiency, adhesive strength tests to measure bonding performance and mold resistance tests to compare the durability of different adhesives. The study highlights the potential of utilizing agro-industrial waste materials to produce sustainable insulation solutions, addressing both environmental and economic challenges in the construction sector. Findings indicate that each adhesive type exhibited unique properties with some binders showing promise as viable options for bio-based insulation panels. However, further improvements are needed to enhance the biological resistance of the natural adhesive, possibly by integrating synthetic materials.
Egg-Based Mousse Ice Cream Incorporated with Lavulu [Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni] Flour as a Colorant and an Antioxidant
Authors: Anjali N. V. P. , Mudannayake D. C.
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to produce egg-based mousse ice cream and to promote the food value of underutilized Lavulu (Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni) fruit. Lavulu flour (LF) was prepared by oven drying the ripened Lavulu fruit slices along with the peel at 60°C for 26 h (until moisture content reaches 5%) and grinding to a fine powder. Ice cream mix was prepared with constant levels of egg white foam (45%), whipped dairy cream (33%), sugar (18%) and varying levels of LF (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% w/w). LF was analyzed for total phenolics content, total flavonoids content, color, carotenoid profile, radical scavenging activity (DPPH assay), pH, water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, emulsifying activity, foaming activity, and proximate composition. The melting ratio, complete melting time, overrun, viscosity, hardness, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, and sensory properties of ice cream samples were analyzed on day 2 of the frozen storage (-18°C). Radical scavenging activity (RSA), pH, color, and microbial analysis of ice cream samples were determined weekly during 1 month of frozen storage (-18°C). Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach was used to determine optimum LF incorporation level using sensory, RSA, and color data. Proximate analysis was carried out for the selected treatment (0.4% w/w LF). Sixteen carotenoid types were identified quantitatively and qualitatively in LF. Total carotenoid content and RSA of LF was 21.98 mg/g and 82.55±0.78%, respectively. Increasing LF percentage significantly increased (p<0.05) the viscosity, L* value, and complete melting time of ice cream. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and RSA were significantly (p<0.05) higher in LF incorporated samples compared to the control. The present study revealed that LF can be incorporated in ice cream as a rich source of antioxidants, along with color, flavor and texture enhancer.
Carvedilol versus metoprolol in preventing post-operative atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Askarinejad Amir , Kohansal Erfan , Ardestani Soudabeh Shafiee , Mozafarybazargany Mohammadhossein , Hesami Hamed , Sabahizadeh Amirreza , Pakmehr Seyed Abbas , Haghjoo Majid
Published: December 2024

Background: The American Heart Association suggests considering amiodarone, sotalol, and/or β-blockers for the prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). However, managing POAF remains an area of uncertainty despite its high incidence and potential severity. While β-blockers are generally effective, their efficacy can vary due to class-related differences. We aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing two recommended β-blockers for the prevention of POAF.Methods: We searched PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Central for studies comparing metoprolol and carvedilol in the prevention of POAF in patients undergoing CABG. Primary outcome was to compare the incidence of POAF in two groups. The protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the ID: CRD42023469364.Results: This meta-analysis included 691 patients across four clinical trials. The mean age of participants ranged from 5 ±10 to 63±9 years. Carvedilol was associated with a significantly lower incidence of POAF compared to metoprolol (RR: 0.628; 95% CI: 0.473-0.834, p<0.001). Risk difference analysis demonstrated a 13.95% absolute reduction in POAF with carvedilol (RD: -0.1395; 95% CI: -0.2 to -0.06). There were no significant differences between the groups in mortality (0.3% vs 0.7%), stroke (0% vs 0.3%), MI (0.3% vs 0.3%), or bradycardia (2.9% vs 3.3%) (all p>0.05).Conclusion: Carvedilol proves more effective than metoprolol in preventing POAF in CABG patients. Furthermore, patients on both β-blockers showed minimal mortality, low perioperative myocardial infarction, rare bradycardia incidents, and an infrequent need for electrical cardioversion.
Unveiling the genetic aetiology of non-genetic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Monda Emanuele , Limongelli Giuseppe
Published: December 2024

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined by the presence of left ventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction in the absence of coronary artery disease or abnormal loading conditions sufficient to cause global systolic impairment. While this condition has been traditionally classified as genetic and non-genetic, there is increasing evidence that the individual genetic background may eventually increase the susceptibility or act as disease modifier in the presence of an external cause for myocardial dilation and dysfunction.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify studies describing cohorts of patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy, alcoholic cardiomyopathy, chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, and DCM associated with systemic immune-mediated diseases who systematically underwent genetic testing.
Results: The studies identified showed a high proportion of pathogenic variants in genes associated with cardiomyopathy among patients affected with these conditions. These findings support the emerging 'two-hit' hypothesis, in which the cumulative impact of genetic and environmental risk factors increases the likelihood of developing the disease phenotype.
Conclusions: This perspective summarizes the available data on the role of genetics in predisposing individuals to conditions that lead to a DCM phenotype, which were previously considered to be acquired or environmental.
Pulmonary artery pressure sensor device performance in patients with atrial fibrillation/flutter
Authors: Almani Muhammad Usman , Alzubi Jafar , Yousuf Muhammad , Alrawashdeh Razan , Fatima Noor , Al Madani Mohammad , Bonita Raphael
Published: December 2024

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that hemodynamic-guided management using implantable pulmonary artery (PA) pressure sensor device reduces heart failure (HF) hospitalizations in patients with HF. It is unclear if atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF) affect the performance of the PA pressure sensor.Methods: Using the National Readmission Database (NRD) we examined 90-day HF-specific and all-cause readmission in patients with and without AF after PA pressure sensor implantation in the US from 2016 to 2020 in a propensity score matched analysis. Our cohort comprised of adult patients (≥18 years) with an ICD-10 procedural code for PA pressure sensor implantation.          Results: We included 1515 hospitalizations with PA sensor implantation for 90-day readmission analysis. Among patients implanted with the PA pressure sensor, 17.2% of patients without AF and 16.3% of patients with AF were readmitted primarily for HF within 90-days of discharge (Adjusted OR: 1.07, 95% CI 0.61 – 1.87, p = 0.800). Whereas, 36.3% of patients without AF and 33.9% of patients with AF were readmitted for any cause within 90-days of discharge (Adjusted OR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.53 – 1.37, p = 0.505). In subgroup analysis, there was no difference in HF-specific or all-cause readmission in AF patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction or HF with preserved ejection fraction when compared to those without AF.Conclusions: Analysis of a large, real-world cohort of HF patients with implantable PA pressure sensor showed that HF-specific and all-cause readmissions at 90 days after PA pressure sensor implantation were comparable between patients with and without AF.
Comprehensive Analysis of Factors Influencing Patients’ Preferences and Attitudes toward Dental Treatment Choices
Authors: Krishnan G. Ajai , Nair Admaja K. , Bhaskar Bindu V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

In recent years, patient preferences and attitudes have become crucial in shaping dental treatment choices and service utilization. Understanding these preferences is crucial for improving service delivery and patient satisfaction.

Aim:

This study aims to comprehensively analyze the factors influencing these preferences, focusing on demographic, socio-economic, and behavioral variables, and the growing role of social media in healthcare decisions.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional survey using an online questionnaire was conducted among Indian individuals aged 18 years and above, yielding 231 responses. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and ANOVA to assess associations and significant differences among variables. Factor analysis was used to determine factors influencing the selection of dental care services.

Results:

The findings suggest that younger adults (76.6% aged 18–43 years) and females (65.8%) are more engaged in digital consultations and dental care decisions. Key factors influencing dental care choices include previous experience, painless treatment, and availability. Trust in social media for dental information is low, with 72.7% expressing doubts about its accuracy. Factor analysis identified four key dimensions affecting dental care choices which were grouped as patient-centric dental service quality, external validation and assurance, experience and cost-driven decisions, and professional competence.

Conclusion:

The study underscores the importance of maintaining high-quality service, effective communication, and leveraging professional referrals and online reviews to enhance patient trust and satisfaction. Despite social media’s rising role, direct professional advice remains the preferred source for dental care decisions.
Coffee Consumption, General Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies
Authors: Nemati Mohammad , Soltani Sanaz , Almasi Fatemeh , Salari-Moghaddam Asma , Larijani Bagher , Ebrahimzadeh Armin , Milajerdi Alireza , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad
Published: December 2024

Background:

Findings from cross-sectional studies on the association between coffee consumption and odds of obesity are inconsistent. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis of earlier cross-sectional studies on the association between coffee consumption and odds of obesity.

Materials and Methods:

The online databases of PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and EMBASE were systematically searched to identify relevant publications up to April 2023. Cross-sectional studies that considered coffee as the exposure and general and abdominal obesity as the outcome were included. Studies that had reported odds ratios (ORs) as effect size were included in the meta-analysis. To pool data, a random-effects model was used.

Results:

In total, 23 studies were included in our systematic review. Twelve publications on general obesity and 15 publications on abdominal obesity were examined in the meta-analysis. Overall, 207551 individuals aged ≥19 years were included. With regards to general obesity, pooling 13 effect sizes from 12 cross-sectional studies showed that coffee intake was not associated with odds of general obesity (overall OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.33). In subgroup analysis by gender, we found a significant positive association between coffee consumption and odds of general obesity in women (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.51, 2.24). Concerning abdominal obesity, combining 18 effect sizes from 15 studies, we failed to find a significant association between coffee consumption and odds of abdominal obesity (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.15).

Conclusion:

No significant association was found between coffee intake and odds of obesity. However, gender-stratified analyses revealed significant relationships.
Concept of Implant Placement in Deficient Posterior Maxillary Bone by Osseodensification Technique
Authors: Kolhe Vivek , Wawle Ashish G. , Naphade Milind V. , Adwani Nitin , Gondhalekar Rajashree
Published: December 2024

Aim:

The aim of this study was to analyze new bone formed after indirect sinus lift using Densah bur at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively.

Materials and Methods:

This study is a randomized control trial. Fifteen patients with edentulous deficient posterior maxilla were recruited for the surgery by osseodensification (OD) technique. This study enrolled healthy adults aged 18 and older, with good oral health, who required one or more dental implants in the posterior maxilla to support fixed rehabilitations such as single crowns or fixed partial prostheses. Inclusion criteria comprised individuals with sufficient buccopalatal width, a minimum of 3.5 mm residual bone height at the intended edentulous area, and an absence of diagnosed bone diseases or medications known to impact bone metabolism. Periotest was used for analysis.

Results:

At preoperative, residual bone height was only 5.65 (1.87) mm which increased to 12.13 (0.87) mm at postoperative immediate levels, and remained stable at 11.97 (0.85) mm at 6 months postoperative and at 11.4 (0.8) mm at 1-year postoperative. On overall comparison of bone measurements at different time intervals using repeated measures analysis of variance F-test, there was found to be highly statistically significant (P < 0.001) difference among overall comparison in relation to bone height.

Conclusion:

For the treatment of low-density edentulous areas, especially in individuals with osteoporosis, the OD technique involving the reversal of drilling direction is a reliable and straightforward method that does not necessitate specialized equipment.
Effect of Vitamin E versus Vitamin C Application on Wound Healing in the Gingival Depigmentation Procedure: A Split-mouth Clinical Comparative Study
Authors: Agrawal Ritu , Chauhan Shailendra , Sinha Aditya , Sharma Satendra , Singh Gaurav , Garg Ankita
Published: December 2024

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Vitamin E and C application on healing after the gingival depigmentation (GD) procedure.

Materials and Methods:

A split-mouth study was planned for subjects with gingival melanin hyperpigmentation in maxillary and/or mandibular arches. Each site was randomly divided into two groups. The scalpel surgical technique for depigmentation was performed under local anesthesia. After the depigmentation procedure, Vitamin E was applied in Group 1, and Vitamin C was applied in Group 2. The healing index and Visual Analog Scale scores for pain were recorded on the 15th day and the 45th day postoperatively.

Results:

There was a statistically significant reduction in Visual Analog Scale scores and improvement in healing in both groups on the 15th day. Subjects in the Vitamin E showed better healing and reduced pain on the 15th day as compared to Vitamin C, but at the 45th day, there was no significant difference in both groups.

Conclusion:

Subjects would show faster healing with the use of Vitamin E application after the surgical procedure of GD.
Clinical Evaluation and Assessment of Laser Irradiation on the Stability of Orthodontic Implant: A Prospective Experimental Study
Authors: Shehare Namrata , Daokar Suchita , Ghunawat Dhananjay , Kaurani Harsha
Published: December 2024

Background:

Currently, the orthodontic implants have reached to a peak where they are considered a dependable modality to provide temporary supplemental anchoring in orthodontic therapy. When absolute anchoring is a necessity or in cases of minimally cooperative patients, these devices can help to manage skeletal anchorage. However, its failure is a major complication that occurs during orthodontic treatment which is multifactorial. The stability of the mini-implant is crucial to the outcome of orthodontic intervention. Approaches to increasing the stability of the mini-implant were researched. Hence, this study was carried out to compare and contrast and clinically assess the integrity of orthodontic implants over time.

Subjects and Methods:

Split-mouth technique of treatment was carried out on 16 patients, i.e., one side of the mandible was considered the experimental group (implant site irradiated with laser after placement) and the other was considered the control side (implant site not irradiated with the laser). Titanium mini-implants of the dimensions 1.5-mm diameter and 6-mm length were employed in the present study. They were positioned in the interradicular space between the first molar and second premolar in the mandibular posterior region, 7-mm apical to the alveolar crest. During the whole process, the laser utilized was a multimode GaAs diode laser with a wavelength of 980 nm. It had 0.5–10W output power which was adjustable with the frequency of 1–20 kHz and its main body input voltage was DC12 To further analyze the stability of the implant which in turn would aid in success assessment, the resonance frequency concept was utilized. The readings were recorded (T0) after insertion, (T1) 24 h after insertion, (T2) 2 weeks after insertion, (T3) 4 weeks after insertion, (T4) 6 weeks after insertion, and (T5) 8 weeks after insertion. The higher the implant stability quotient values the greater the stability and hence the optimal loading time.

Results:

The test employed for statistical analysis was Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, and ANOVA test. After analysis of all the readings, it was found that low-level laser therapy has a significant role in the stability of orthodontic mini-implant.

Conclusion:

Findings from this study suggest that low-level laser irradiation at the time of implant placement controls the inflammatory reaction around the implant and improves its stability.
Comparing the effects of intercostal and subcostal flank incision on post-operative pain and incisional hernia or bulge in patients undergoing open kidney surgery: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Abdi Alireza , Imani Behzad , Mousavibahar Seyed Habibollah , Khazaei Salman , Jalal Shima Bahrami
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Flank incision, a common approach in kidney surgery, has several types. This study was carried out to examine the effect of using subcostal and intercostal flank incisions on post-operative pain, incisional hernia or bulging, and incision time and wound closure time in patients undergoing open kidney surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This randomized clinical trial was conducted Iran (2023–2024). Sixty-four patients were randomly divided into two groups of 32 patients, subcostal and intercostal, based on available sampling technique. The Visual Analog Scale was used to assess post-operative pain. The abdominal wall asymmetry (AWA) technique was used for both hernia and bulge, and clinical examination was done by a urology surgeon for diagnosing AWA. Data analysis was done using SPSS-23.

RESULTS:

In the subcostal group, a higher incidence of AWA was observed when compared to the intercostal group at 6 months post-operation, and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.039). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups at 3 months post-operation in this regard (P > 0.05). The mean pain score of patients at 24 and 72 h post-operation was significantly higher in the intercostal group than in the subcostal group (P < 0.05); however, at the first hour and on day 7 post-surgery, no significant difference was found between the two groups in this regard (P > 0.05). In addition, no significant differences existed between the two groups regarding incision time and wound closure time (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Intercostal incision, when compared to subcostal incision, was associated with lower probability of development of hernia or bulge, in spite of its higher-level post-operative pain.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:

This study was registered with the Iranian Clinical Trials Registry under the code IRCT20230208057358N1 on 2023.02.11.