bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Глобальні драйвери роздрібної торгівлі
Authors: МЕДВЕДЄВА Катерина
Published: October 2024

Здійснено комплексний аналіз сучасного стану роздрібної торгівлі в Україні та світі. Особливу увагу приділено вивченню остан­ніх досліджень та публікацій з окресленої теми, праць різних авторів, аналізу динаміки товарообороту, структурних змін у галузі, а також механізмів державного регу­лювання роздрібної торгівлі в Україні. Проаналі­зовано динаміку товарообороту в Україні та світі за останні роки, прораховано ланцюгові індекси зміни роздрібного товарообороту, що сприяє визначенню ефективності реалізованих економіч­них і регуляторних заходів та темпів зростання або спаду галузі порівняно з попередніми періодами. Описано структуру роздрібного товарообороту за видами торгівлі, що дає змогу глибше зрозу­міти, які сегменти ринку найбільше впливають на загальний розвиток галузі. Особливу увагу при­ділено аналізу динаміки товарообороту в мережі "Інтернет" в Україні, де спостерігається суттєве зростання обсягів онлайн-продажів на тлі змін у споживчих уподобаннях та розвитку цифрових технологій. Досліджено тенденції зростання обсягів інтернет-торгівлі, що є важливим чинником фор­мування нових підходів до ведення роздрібної торгівлі й комунікації зі споживачами в умовах глобалізації та цифрової трансформації. Проаналі­зовано фактори, що впливають на розвиток галузі. Визначено основні тенденції формування роздрібної торгівлі та встановлено головні світові тенденції. Зокрема, розглянуто зростання частки онлайн-продажів, підвищення значущості омніканальності. Зазначено, що глобальні тенденції, як-от сталий розвиток, персоналізація послуг та інтеграція штучного інтелекту, суттєво впливають на роз­виток роздрібної торгівлі. Висунуто гіпотезу, що cучасний розвиток роздрібної торгівлі в Україні та світі значною мірою визначається впрова­дженням цифрових технологій, змінами в споживчих уподобаннях й ефективністю державного регулю­вання, що обумовлює структурні зміни в галузі та зростання частки онлайн-продажів. Використано методи аналізу, синтезу, наукового узагальнення та порівняння наукових джерел. З огляду на резуль­тати дослідження, надано висновки щодо перспек­тив розвитку роздрібної торгівлі з урахуванням аналізу даних. Проведене дослідження може бути корисними для представників наукової спільноти у подальшому вивченні тематики, формування стратегій розвитку й адаптації підприємств роздрібної торгівлі в майбутньому.
Zmiany klimatu w dyskursie „Gazety Wyborczej” i „Rzeczpospolitej” w latach 2015–2022: ujęcie korpusowe
Authors: Mateja Dagmara
Published: October 2024

W artykule omówiono wybrane elementy dyskursywnych strategii nominalizacji i predykacji w „Gazecie Wyborczej” i „Rzeczpospolitej”. Korpus 645 tekstów tworzą publikacje z lat 2015–2022 o tematyce związanej z międzynarodowymi szczytami klimatycznymi ONZ. Ramę badawczą stanowi krytyczna analiza dyskursu w jej ujęciu dyskursywno-historycznym, zaś jako narzędzie umożliwiające przeprowadzenie analiz ilościowych i jakościowych wykorzystano metody lingwistyki korpusowej (Sketch Engine). Wyniki badań wskazują na istotne różnice w zakresie reprezentacji kwestii klimatycznych w obu gazetach. Mimo że oba dzienniki operowały pejoratywnie nacechowaną leksyką (m.in. walka, walczyć, zagrożenie), to jakościowa analiza konkordancji wykazała jednak, że o ile „Gazeta Wyborcza” używała ich niemal wyłącznie w celu podkreślenia, że zmiany klimatu są globalnym problemem wymagającym natychmiastowych działań, o tyle „Rzeczpospolita” posługiwała się nimi również w celu zaakcentowania możliwych strat finansowych.
Listy Konstancji i Magdaleny Czapskich – między konwencją panegiryczno-retoryczną a językiem familijnym
Authors: Maciejewska Iwona
Published: October 2024

Celem artykułu jest analiza listów żony i córki wojewody pomorskiego Piotra Jana Czapskiego – Konstancji z Gnińskich i Magdaleny Radziwiłłowej, powstałych w latach 40. i 50. XVIII w., pod kątem przemian, jakim podlegał ów gatunek w tym stuleciu. Zaprezentowane wnioski są efektem badań podjętych w ramach projektu z Narodowego Programu Rozwoju Humanistyki poświęconego egodokumentom autorstwa członków wspomnianego rodu. Artykuł na podstawie przebadanych źródeł charakteryzuje rolę kobiet (edukowanych poza systemem kolegiów) w ewolucji rodzimej epistolografii. W XVIII stuleciu wyzwala się ona stopniowo (z opóźnieniem wobec krajów Europy Zachodniej) ze schematów narzucanych jej przez retorykę i formuły zawarte w staropolskich listownikach, dążąc do naśladowania codziennej rozmowy. Ta tendencja zauważalna jest jednak przede wszystkim w listach wewnątrzrodzinnych, w których można dostrzec cechy języka familijnego. Wówczas osłabieniu ulega ton panegiryczny, tak powszechny w dawnej korespondencji, a strategia pozyskania przychylności adresata o wyższym statusie społecznym m.in. poprzez toposy retoryczne schodzi na dalszy plan.
Tytuły książek popularyzujących wiedzę o języku polskim wydanych w XXI wieku. Analiza strukturalna, semantyczna i pragmatyczna
Authors: Cieśla Bartłomiej , Sokół-Klein Anna
Published: October 2024

Celem artykułu jest analiza strukturalna, semantyczna i pragmatyczna tytułów książek popularyzujących wiedzę o języku polskim. Typy wypowiedzi objęte ekscerpcją to poradniki językowe i retoryczne, felietony, eseje, książki prezentujące teoretyczne ustalenia dotyczące zjawisk obecnych w polszczyźnie, a także publikacje typu wywiad rzeka, które ukazały się w XXI w. Pod uwagę wzięto 90 onimów zróżnicowanych pod względem znaczeniowym, strukturalnym i funkcjonalnym. Analizę zebranych jednostek poprzedzono krótką charakterystyką takich problemów, jak popularyzacja wiedzy o języku oraz status tytułów w świetle dotychczasowych dociekań onomastycznych. Przeprowadzone rozważania dowiodły, że badane onimy wykazują duży poziom heterogeniczności na poziomie syntaktycznym i semantycznym: nie tylko zawierają komponent streszczający, ale też inne segmenty tematyczne – informację o statusie genologicznym publikacji, komentarz metajęzykowy, pozorną dialogiczność itd. Ponadto stanowią formę perswazyjnego oddziaływania na odbiorców poprzez zastosowanie semantycznej niedookreśloności, apelu, wartościowania, pytania czy tworzenie wspólnoty nadawczo-odbiorczej.
Functions of toponyms in novels
Authors: Gibka Martyna Katarzyna
Published: October 2024

This article is devoted to the functions of toponyms in the novel. The study was undertaken in order to fill a gap in the field of literary onomastics, in which more attention has so far been paid to characters’ names than to place names, and within the research on toponyms no universal method has yet been proposed that could be used to study the functions of these names in any novel. The proposal of such a universal method would enable the further development of research within this topic and the comparison of analyses carried out based on this method. In the long run, it might also have implications for research in the field of translating toponyms in the novel. The starting point for this study is the theory of two acts (which uses the act of naming and the act of using a name). The functions of toponyms in the novel are divided into two groups: permanent and momentary. In the course of the analysis, the anti-didactic function, which has not been identified in any previous studies based on the theory of two acts, was recognised.
Zapis a wymowa samogłosek w gwarach wschodniowarmińskich. Kilka uwag do opowiadań Klemensa Frenszkowskiego
Authors: Matusiak-Kempa Iza
Published: October 2024

Celem artykułu jest analiza sposobów notowania wymowy samogłosek w opowiadaniach Klemensa Frenszkowskiego. Bazą materiałową są jego opowiadania stylizowane na mowę mieszkańców wsi leżących we wschodniej części Warmii. Mimo że Frenszkowski deklarował, iż teksty te są napisane gwarą, którą posługiwał się od dzieciństwa, jednak ich analiza wskazuje, że skoncentrował się głównie na wiernym oddawaniu przede wszystkim dawnego a długiego. Wątpliwości zaś budzą sposoby odnotowywania stosunkowo trudnej do percepcji słuchowej różnicy między tzw. jasnym e oraz e o podwyższonej artykulacji. Jako kontrowersyjne można także postrzegać w niektórych zapisach oddawanie na piśmie artykulacji samogłosek nosowych. Celem tego opracowania jest więc skonfrontowanie zapisów samogłosek w opowiadaniach Frenszkowskiego z istniejącą wiedzą na temat realizacji samogłosek w gwarach wschodniowarmińskich oraz poświadczonymi ich realizacjami w tekstach gwarowych, a nie stylizowanych na gwarę.
Skazane na nostalgię: Maryla Wolska, Beata Obertyńska, Jadwiga Czechowiczówna i wiersze o Lwowie
Authors: Stelmach Chrystyna
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the nostalgic dominant in the works of Lviv poets Maryla Wolska, Beata Obertyńska and Jadwiga Czechowicz, presents a general outline of their memoir poetry and an interpretation of selected and less known poems on Lviv’s themes, considering the biographical context and theoretical issues of memory studies.
Representations of women’s biographies through monodrama. Agnieszka Przepiórska’s Theatre
Authors: Popczyk-Szczęsna Beata
Published: October 2024

Agnieszka Przepiórska's monodramas are a series of performances inspired by women's biographies. They are an example of herstory – history that reflects the specificity of women's experiences through an affective and identity-building approach. Monologues establish a strong biographical relationship between the actress and the heroines by combining the features of testimony and confession.
Utilising Genograms as a Visual Diagnostic Tool to Explore Trauma within Agata Tuszyńska’s Family
Authors: Kiełpińska Aldona
Published: October 2024

The burden to continue the war narrative falls on the so-called second generation, i.e. persons who, despite being born after World War II, are equally burdened by the memory of their mothers’ traumatic experiences. Existing research in psychology and the social sciences, as well as the genogram theory formulated by American researchers, proves helpful in expanding knowledge and structuring information on the phenomenon of trauma and its inheritance. The tools thus obtained enable reinterpretation of the texts by A. Tuszyńska, whose experience of the war, although not direct, largely shaped her identity and had a destructive impact on development and assimilation in the new, post-war reality.
Naukowe i literackie dokonania Hanny Marii Sawickiej (1931–2015)
Authors: Daniluk Joanna
Published: October 2024

W artykule przedstawiono sylwetkę Hanny Sawickiej – znanej literaturoznawcom autorki pierwszej biografii warmińskiej poetki Marii Zientary-Malewskiej, artykułów naukowych i sprawozdań, redaktorki, dziennikarki, pisarki, a także poetki. Prześledzono jej aktywność literacką na podstawie dostępnych źródeł pamiętnikarskich i prasowych.
A Historical Examination of the Self-Help Book Genre: From Ancient Wisdom to Modern Movements
Authors: Skrzypczak Katarzyna
Published: October 2024

The self-help book genre, encompassing works that offer practical guidance for personal growth and improvement, boasts a surprisingly long and rich history. While the term itself emerged in the 19th century, the underlying concept of sharing knowledge for self-betterment stretches back millennia. The present article delves into the evolution of the self-help genre, exploring its ancient roots, transformations through the ages, and its enduring popularity in the modern world.
Gender differences in spine surgery for degenerative lumbar disease: prospective cohort study
Authors: MacLean Mark A. , Charest-Morin Raphaële , Stratton Alexandra , Singh Supriya , Kelly Adrienne M. , Pickett Gwynedd E. , Glennie Andrew , Bailey Christopher , Weber Michael H. , Attabib Najmedden , Cherry Ahmed , Crawford Eric , Paquet Jerome , Dea Nicolas , Nataraj Andrew , Abraham Edward , Eseonu Kelechi C. , Johnson Michael G. , Hall Hamilton , Thomas Kenneth , McIntosh Greg , Fisher Charles G. , Rampersaud Y. Raja , Greene Ryan , Christie Sean D.
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

Despite efforts toward achieving gender-based equality in clinical trial enrollment, females are frequently underrepresented and gender-specific data analysis is lacking. Identifying and addressing gender bias in medical decision-making and outcome reporting may facilitate more equitable healthcare delivery. This study aimed to determine if gender differences exist in the clinical evaluation and surgical management of patients with degenerative lumbar conditions.

METHODS

Consecutive adult patients undergoing spinal surgery for degenerative lumbar conditions (disc herniation [DH], spinal canal stenosis [SCS], and degenerative spondylolisthesis [DS]) were prospectively enrolled across 16 tertiary academic centers. Outcome domains included pain, disability, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), expectations of surgery, and satisfaction with surgical outcome. Covariates pertaining to the preoperative use of healthcare resources, diagnostic testing, and visits to healthcare providers were compared between genders before and after propensity score matching for 13 baseline demographic and procedural variables.

RESULTS

Data were analyzed for 5038 patients (2396 female, 2642 male) with degenerative spinal pathologies including SCS (40.2%), DS (33.2%), and DH (26.6%). Surgical treatment effect was similar for both genders. For all conditions, female patients had worse pre- and postoperative pain, disability, and HRQOL. Significant gender differences were identified for marital status, education, employment status, exercise activities, and disability claims. Female patients were more likely to use select medications, diagnostic imaging tests, and nonsurgical therapeutic interventions, and access various healthcare providers. Findings were similar following post hoc propensity score matching.

CONCLUSIONS

In this multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study, male and female patients benefitted similarly from surgery for degenerative lumbar spine disease. However, female patients had worse preoperative clinical assessment scores and were more likely to use select healthcare resources.
Xylotrophic Agaricomycetes Monitoring in Some Types of Spruce and Birch Forests (Subzone of the Southern Taiga, Perm Territory, Russia)
Authors: Shishigin A. S. , Perevedentseva L. G. , Botalov V. S.
Published: October 2024

We have summarized the results of xylotrophic agaricoid basidiomycetes long-term monitoring in some types of indigenous and derived forests in the southern taiga subzone of Perm Krai. We carried out the research by a stationary method on the test 50×20 m areas, one in each type of forest: spruce forest at the brook, sorrel spruce forest and birch forest. We did the work in three periods: I – 1975–1977, II – 1994–1996, III – 2010–2012. The collection of material was carried out annually: in August 3 times with an interval of 10 days (the species composition, number and air-dry biomass of basidiomes were taken into account), and in September once (only the species composition of fungi was taken into account). To date, we have established that the number of xylotrophic agaricoid fungi in the studied forest types varies from 60 (sorrel spruce forest) to 66 (birch forest). Most of the identified species belong to the Tricholomataceae family (37.7–43.3% of the total number of xylotrophic fungi species in each of the biogeocoenoses). There was an annual accumulation of detectable fungal species, with the largest number of species (67–75%) detected from 2 to 9 times, and 2–3% of them were permanent, occurring annually. There was relative stability of the species composition of higher vascular plants (Jaccard generality coefficient: J = 56–88) over time and more significant changes in the species composition of xylotrophic fungi (J = 36–50). The spruce forests had the most similarity of fungi species composition between the cenoses by periods (J = 44–52), and for the entire observation period, the sorrel spruce forest and birch forest had the maximum Jaccard index between cenoses (J = 56). The yield of xylotrophic agaricoid fungi in the studied cenoses varies by years of observation. The birch forest had the largest number and biomass of basidiomata for all the three periods of the research. A decrease in the number of basidiomes of xylotrophic fungi in the sorrel spruce forest was established with an increase in the average monthly air temperature in August (Spearman correlation coefficient: rs = −0.70). The sorrel spruce forest was the most favorable for the biota of xylotrophic agaricoid basidiomycetes, both in number (Shannon index: H = 1.23) and in biomass (H = 1.20), during all the research, since the biota of xylotrophes of the specified cenosis was more diverse and its components were most aligned.
Synthesis and investigation of sorption properties of Ca3La6(SiO4)6 biocomposite for targeted delivery of 5-fluorouracil
Authors: Shichalin O. O. , Kapustina O. V. , Kornakova Z. E. , Gribanova S. S. , Mayorov V. Y. , Fedorets A. N. , Lembikov A. O. , Vasilyeva V. V. , Buravlev I. Y. , Apanasevich V. I. , Papynov E. K.
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the synthesis of dispersed Ca3La6(SiO4)6 biocomposite material by processing calcium silicate sol with the addition of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.7 mol La3+ under hydrothermal conditions. The composition, morphology and structure of the biocomposite were studied by XRF, SEM, and EMF methods, and the reaction products CaSiO3, CaLa4(SiO4) were determined 3O and Ca3La6(SiO4)6 depending on the concentration of La3+ The structural characteristics of biocomposite powders with different La3+ contents have been studied by BET and DFT methods. Their sorption characteristics with respect to 5-fluorouracil were studied depending on the pH of the medium, the maximum sorption capacity is 0.768 mg/g at pH 3 for a sample of Ca3La6(SiO4)6 biocomposite with the addition of 0.3 mol La3+. Additionally, the biocompatible properties of biocomposite samples under conditions of their contact with artificial blood plasma were evaluated by establishing key changes in their composition, morphology and structure during the formation of the bioactive phase of apatite on the accessible surface of the samples. The results hold promise for further research in the development of new sorption materials, including biomaterials for targeted drug delivery, with the potential for practical application.
Ru nanoparticles on mesostructured carbon for glucose hydrogenation; catalysts synthesis and characterization
Authors: Zaitseva Yu. N. , Sychev V. V. , Sychev V. V. , Golubkov V. А. , Novikova S. А. , Taran О. P. , Kirik S. D.
Published: October 2024

Ru-containing hydrogenation catalysts based on functionalized carbon material CMK-3 (Carbon Mesostructured by KAIST) were developed. Mesostructured silicate SBA-15 with enlarged wall channels was used as a template for the carbon replica synthesis. The effect of carbon material functionalization via moist air oxidation and sulfonation on the morphology, physicochemical properties and activity of the catalyst was studied. The dispersion, localization, and electronic state of supported ruthenium were determined depending on the support functionalization method. The initial support structure preservation after Ru deposition was confirmed by a set of physicochemical methods. Metal particles are finely distributed with no agglomerated present, providing a high active site accessibility and ensures a superb catalyst activity. The catalysts were tested in glucose to sorbitol hydrogenation. The results showed that pore morphology and carbon support initial structure preservation account for the catalytic activity of Ru nanoparticles.
Spectral properties of tolan and its supramolecular complexes in solution and silicate hydrogel
Authors: Novitskii G. O. , Medvedeva A. A. , Koshkin A. V. , Vedernikov A. I. , Lobova N. A.
Published: October 2024

The complexation process of tolane and α-cyclodextrin in water, aqueous-ethanol solution and silicate hydrogel based on tetrakis(2 hydroxyethyl)orthosilicate was studied. The complex formation in solutions were confirmed by electron and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and the stability constant of the complex was determined using spectrofluorimetric titration (lgK1:1 = 1.5). The preservation of the inclusion complex during the preparation of the gel was confirmed by electron spectroscopy.
Sol-gel synthesis, structure and adsorption properties of LiMgxMn(2-x)O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) Oxides
Authors: Begimkulova Sh. A. , Nasimov A. M. , Ruzimuradov O. N. , Prozorovich V. G. , Ivanets A. I.
Published: October 2024

Lithium manganese оxides with a spinel structure LiMgxMn(2–x)O4, doped with Mg2+ ions in the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.7, were obtained by sol-gel synthesis. Phase composition and morphology of obtained оxides were studied by using X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy. It is shown, that in the studied range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.7 Mg-doped lithium manganese оxides saved the structure of the original cubic spinel LiMn2O4, while an increase in parameter a was observed from 8.175 to 8.309 Å and average crystallite size practically unchanged (30–36 nm). Samples of the initial LiMn2O4 and Mg-doped spinels were represented by prismatic particles of submicron (0.1–0.2 µm) and micron (1.0–3.0 µm) sizes, respectively. The effect of the adsorbent dose (0.05–0.3 g/l) and pH (3.0–13.0) of the solution on the adsorption efficiency was studied. The adsorption isotherms of the LiMg0.3Mn1.7O4 samples were described by the Langmuir monomolecular adsorption equation. An increase in the temperature of the model solution from 25 to 45°C was accompanied by an increase in the maximum adsorption of the LiMg0.3Mn1.7O4 samples from 10.50 to 10.98 mmol/g, which indicates the endothermic nature of the adsorption process. The kinetics of adsorption was well described by a pseudo-second order equation, which indicates the occurrence of chemical interaction during the adsorption process.
Strong spherical V2O5/TiO2–SiO2 composites obtained by template combined with sol-gel method
Authors: Kuznetsova S. A. , Khalipova O. S. , Shamsutdinova A. N.
Published: October 2024

This study is devoted to the preparation of strong spherical composites V2O5/TiO2–SiO2 by a combined template and sol-gel method. The composition, size and shape of the colloidal particles in butanol ash with tetrabutoxytitanium and tetraethoxysilane, as well as the physicochemical processes leading to the strengthening of the spherical agglomerates obtained using an anion exchanger with a gel structure, have been determined. Electrophoresis, small-angle X-ray scattering, and viscometry were used to demonstrate the presence in the sol of positively charged colloidal particles of lenticular and cylindrical shape, whose size, when the sol is stabilised, reaches 53 Å. The absorption of the sol by the anion exchanger in vanadium form is due to the equalisation of the osmotic pressure in the anion exchanger/sol system. Spherical composites with a diameter of 300 µm were obtained. It was shown by X-ray diffraction that the composites consist of V2O5 with an orthorhombic structure, TiO2 with an anatase structure, and amorphous silicon dioxide. The interaction at the interface between the phases of V2O5 with TiO2 and SiO2, which leads to the strengthening of the sphere of the V2O5/TiO2–SiO2 composite, has been demonstrated by IR and Raman spectroscopy. The results obtained can be used for the synthesis of MxOy/TiO2–SiO2 oxide composites with spherical agglomerates.
Synthesis of heterogeneous nanocomposite catalyst ZrO2@SBA-15 for formic acid production from hemicelluloses
Authors: Novikova S. A. , Shaer Ya. R. , Eremina A. O. , Sychev V. V. , Baryshnikov S. V. , Taran O. P.
Published: October 2024

Heterogeneous nanocomposite ZrO2@SBA-15 catalysts containing 10 wt. % of zirconium oxide were synthesized by two methods: co-condensation and incipient wetness impregnation. The silica support and catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, gas adsorption, FTIR-spectroscopy and other physicochemical methods. As a result of zirconia introduction into the silica wall, the mesostructured of SBA-15 is preserved, but the specific surface area and pore Volume are reduced. It was established that during one-stage co-condensation synthesis, the particle fibers shorten and stick together. The catalysts were tested in the process of catalytic hydrolysis-oxidation of hemicelluloses of aspen wood. The optimal formic acid synthesis conditions were determined: 150°С, 3 h. The highest formic acid yield obtained over the catalyst obtained by co-condensation under best reaction conditions was 28.4 wt. %.
Determination Of Optimal Conditions For Template Sol-Gel Synthesis For The Formation Of Antibacterial Materials
Authors: Lantsova E. A. , Bardina M. A. , Saverina E. A. , Kamanina O. A.
Published: October 2024

One of the current global problems is the increasing resistance of microorganisms to antibacterial agents and the emergence of associated infections. Therefore, the synthesis of new hybrid materials capable of resisting bacteria is necessary. In this work, loading platforms for antibacterial material based on tetraethoxysilane were formed using yeast cells Ogataea polymorpha BKM Y-2559 and Cryptococcus curvatus VKM Y-3288 as templates under conditions of acid and alkaline hydrolysis. Using scanning electron microscopy, it was shown that an alkaline environment is most optimal when using yeast cells as templates for the formation of a porous material. The surface-active properties of a number of quaternary ammonium compounds were studied using the tensometry method to select the optimal template for the production of antibacterial materials in one stage.
Functional Design Of Peroral Delivery Systems Based On Polymethylsesquoxane Hydrogels For The Therapy Of Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Orlova P. D. , Meshkov I. B. , Latipov E. V. , Vasiliev S. G. , Kalinina A. A. , Muzafarov A. M. , Le-Deygen I. M.
Published: October 2024

Anemia is a prevalent circulatory system illness that is severely harmful to patients. The development of novel oral delivery systems for iron compounds with enhanced biopharmaceutical properties is vital considering the severe side effects associated with oral medication use. We believe incorporating iron compounds to polymethylsilsesquioxane hydrogels is a promising approach. According to previously published materials, such a system should have great biocompatibility and a capacity for iron compounds, and it may be able to release contents into the intestine. This study investigated polymethysilsesquioxane hydrogels with varying silicate unit concentrations. Potential iron-containing medicines were iron(III) chloride (FeCl3∙6H2O)) and iron(II) D-gluconate. All hydrogels were found to have nearly 100% sorption activity for a saturated solution of FeCl3∙6H2O (0.27 M) during the experiment, but only around 30% sorption capacity was found for a saturated solution of D-gluconate (0.24 M). A specific field of study was the distribution of iron atoms within hydrogels. It has been established that the largest regions devoid of iron atoms are observed in a hydrogel with a maximum quantity of inorganic units. The outcomes provide opportunities for the precise engineering of polymer matrix structures for iron compound delivery.
Effect Of The Composition Of The Etching System MF-HCl (M = Li+, Na+, NH4+) on the gas-sensitive properties of Ti3C2Tх/Tioх nanocomposites
Authors: Simonenko E. P. , Mokrushin A. S. , Nagornov I. A. , Sapronova V. M. , Gorban Yu. M. , Gorobtsov Ph. Y. , Simonenko T. L. , Simonenko N. P. , Kuznetsov N. T.
Published: October 2024

The influence of the nature of MF-HCl etching systems (M = Li+, Na+, NH4+) on the process of synthesis of Ti3C2Tx MXenes on the basis of Ti3AlC2 MAX-phase, microstructure, phase purity, interlayer distance, composition of functional surface groups, thermal behavior and yield of the obtained products has been studied. The room temperature sensing properties of Ti3C2Tx receptor layers deposited by microplotter printing were studied with respect to a wide range of gas analytes (H2, CO, NH3, NO2, NO2, O2, benzene, acetone, methane and ethanol). Increased sensitivity to ammonia was revealed for the MXenes obtained by exposure to hydrochloric acid solutions of sodium and ammonium fluorides and to carbon monoxide for the sample synthesized using the LiF-HCl system. High responses (~20–30% to 100 ppm NO2) were observed for all three receptor materials, but sensor recovery processes were significantly hampered. To improve the sensing characteristics, Ti3C2Tx sensing layers were subjected to relatively low-temperature heat treatment in an air atmosphere to form Ti3C2Tx/TiOx nanocomposites. It was found that a high and selective oxygen response at very low operating temperatures (125-175°C) was observed for the MXenes partially oxidized, which is particularly characteristic of the material produced using the HCl-NaF system.
Gas sensing properties of Ti0.2V1.8CTx/V2O5 nanocomposite
Authors: Simonenko E. P. , Mokrushin A. S. , Nagornov I. A. , Sapronova V. M. , Gorban Yu. M. , Gorobtsov Ph. Y. , Simonenko T. L. , Simonenko N. P. , Kuznetsov N. T.
Published: October 2024

A method for the preparation of nanocomposite containing Ti0.2V1.8CTx MXene core and titanium-doped vanadium oxide surface layers as a result of relatively low-temperature partial oxidation of MXene multilayer - two-dimensional vanadium-titanium carbide has been developed. It is shown that during oxidation in air atmosphere of initial Ti0.2V1.8CTx at temperature 250°С, in general, the microstructure of accordion-like aggregates with some increase in porosity of their constituent layers and increase in their thickness due to the formation of V2O5 is preserved. At the same time, preservation of the MXene structure with a decrease in the interplanar spacing from 10.3 (initial powder Ti0.2V1.8CTx) to 7.3 Å was observed. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of vanadium oxide. Kelvin-probe force microscopy data revealed that the formation of Ti0.2V1.8CTx/V2O5 nanocomposite results in a decrease in the work function from 4.88 (Ti0.2V1.8CTx) to 4.68 eV. The chemosensor properties towards a range of gaseous analytes (H2, CO, NH3, NO2, C6H6, C3H6O, CH4, C2H5OH and O2) have been comprehensively studied for Ti0.2V1.8CTx/V2O5 layers coated using the microplotter printing. At increased detection temperatures (125–200°С), high sensitivity to oxygen (10% O2) and NO2 (100 ppm) is observed; there are notable responses to humidity (50% RH) throughout the 25–200°С temperature range. At room temperature, good response to acetone, ethanol and ammonia is observed.
Synthesis of La2Ti2O7 nanoscale powder and ceramics based on it by sol-gel and spark plasma sintering
Authors: Shichalin O. O. , Papynov E. K. , Belov A. A. , Pervakov K. A. , Gribanova S. S. , Pisarev S. M. , Fedorets A. N. , Pogodaev A. V. , Lembikov A. O. , Zernov Y. G. , Marmaza P. A. , Kapustina O. V. , Gridasova Е. A. , Buravlev I. Yu.
Published: October 2024

The application of ceramics as matrices for the immobilization of radionuclides for the purpose of their safe long-term disposal or beneficial use is being studied with an emphasis on phase stability, structural integrity, hydrolytic stability, etc. In this work, a combined approach was investigated, based on the sol-gel citrate synthesis of nanosized La2Ti2O7 powder and its subsequent spark plasma sintering to produce dense ceramics. The phase composition and structure of the nanosized La2Ti2O7 powder and ceramic samples based on it, obtained in the temperature range of 900–1300 °C, were studied by XRD and SEM. It has been shown that the powder synthesis conditions ensure the formation of nanosized crystalline La2Ti2O7 grains, whose consolidation under spark plasma heating conditions proceeds with a change in the phase composition from single-phase La2Ti2O7 of monoclinic structure to orthorhombic with an admixture of LaTiO3 at temperatures above 1200 °C. It was revealed that the change in the ceramic structure is accompanied by the formation of non-porous and defect-free monolithic samples. It was determined that such a change leads to an increase in relative density (81.3–95.7%) and compressive strength (78–566 MPa) of the ceramic samples. However, the hydrolytic stability of the ceramics decreases, as indicated by an increase in the leaching rate of La3+ from 10–7 to 10–5 g/cm2·day. The obtained results are useful for the systematic study of materials suitable for immobilization technologies of radioactive waste in ceramics.
A new species of the wolf spider genus Mongolicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae) from Mongolia
Authors: Esyunin S. L. , Ustinova A. L. , Tsagaanbileg B.
Published: October 2024

A diagnosis and an illustrated description of Mongolicosa uvs Esyunin et Ustinova sp. n. from the Uvs Province of Mongolia is provided, based on both sexes. The new species belongs to the pseudoferruginea group and appears to be especially similar to M. glupovi Marusik, Azarkina et Koponen 2004, yet differing in having a wide septal stem of the epigyne and an elongated terminal apophysis of the male palp.
Genetic lineages of Parisotoma notabilis sensu lato (Hexapoda, Collembola) and their use in biological monitoring
Authors: Stryuchkova A. V. , Kuznetsova N. V.
Published: October 2024

Widespread species of small soil arthropods are being traditionally used in the biological monitoring of the environment. A promising development in this direction could be the usage of genetic methods, namely the composition of genetic lineages in populations of polytypic species. These species include the widespread springtail, Parisotoma notabilis sensu lato, which is especially abundant in Europe. At present, six lineages of this complex are known, the genetic distances between which are sufficiently close to the species. Previously, we showed the differentiation of genetic lineages in an urbanization gradient (natural forest – forest park – urban lawn) using the Moscow region as an example. In this work, the divergence of genetic lineages in these habitats was confirmed for various natural zones. The least disturbed habitats are marked by lineages L2, L4-Hebert and L0, the most disturbed ones by L1. Monitoring changes in the soil layer of ecosystems is possible only in zones of sympatry of different P. notabilis genetic lineages, i.e. the areas where they co-occur. Such areas seem to include the entire European part of Russia.
Parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae, Braconidae) as a mortality factor for the lime leaf miner (Phyllonorycter issikii, Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) in the Cis-Urals
Authors: Ermolaev I. V. , Efremova Z. A. , Belokobylsky S. A. , Kurbatov V. V. , Egorenkova E. N.
Published: October 2024

The assemblage of hymenopteran parasitoids associated with the invasive lime leaf miner, Phyllonorycter issikii (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) developing on the lime (Tilia cordata) was studied in the Perm Region and in the Republic of Bashkortostan during 2019. Sixteen species of parasitoids of Ph. issikii were recognized: Diglyphus isaea, Elachertus fenestratus, Hyssopus geniculatus, Pnigalio agraules, P. mediterraneus, Sympiesis dolichogaster, S. gordius, S. sericeicornis, Chrysocharis laomedon, Ch. nephereus, Ch. pentheus, Ch. pubens, Ch. pubicornis, Ch. submutica, Minotetrastichus frontalis (Eulophidae) and Pholetesor circumscriptus (Braconidae). Three species, Diglyphus isaea, Chrysocharis pubens and Ch. submutica (Eulophidae), were reported as parasitoids of the lime leaf miner for the first time. The roles the complex of parasitoids played in the mortality of the miner were negligible. The mortality ranged from 1.3±0.3 (Perm) to 23.7±3.3% (Tolbazy village).
Through a collapse to restoration: the non-stationary dynamics of the rodent community in a new cycle of desertification in Kalmykia
Authors: Surkova E. N. , Savinetskaya L. E. , Chabovsky A. V.
Published: October 2024

The grazing ecosystems of Kalmykia are extremely dynamic, this being associated with the high variability of grazing pressure in the region: a drastic reduction in the number of livestock in the 1990’s led to the restoration of pastures and the transition of their functioning from the “desert” to the “steppe” regime. Since the late 2000’s, new desertification processes have been gaining momentum, these being caused by increased grazing pressure and droughts. The vegetation cover of pastures quite quickly began to respond to the increase in livestock numbers by reducing the projective cover, while the species composition of plants sharply changed to “desert” only a few years later. Against the background of increasing desertification, the rodent community first collapsed and then recovered. Apparently, the collapse is a belated reaction to the steppefication of pastures that preceded desertification, this leading to a reduced number of desert species and an impoverished community, thereby slowing down its revival during a new cycle of desertification. Thus, both vegetation cover and rodent community demonstrated non-stationary dynamics with changing the regimes and a delayed response (inertia) in response to landscape desertification.
The use of drones for studying the behaviour of mammals
Authors: Berezina E. A. , Gilyov A. N. , Karenina K. A.
Published: October 2024

Since the advent and wide use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), they have been increasingly useful in monitoring the abundance, distribution and behaviour of terrestrial and aquatic animals. At present, this technique is actively applied to mammal research. The diversity and relative availability of drones allows for a variety of research tasks to be achieved. The use of UAVs has its advantages and disadvantages, these being discussed in the present review. The study examines the advantages of using UAVs in comparison to other methods, identifies new research opportunities opened up by drones, and emphasizes the advantages of modern analytical tools. The technical limitations of UAVs and the problem of the negative impact of this technique on mammals are discussed. The need to minimize the disturbance of animals during such research is emphasized. In addition, the work summarizes the experience of using UAVs in the studies on Russia’s theriofauna.
Infrared Thermographic Diagnostics of Wood Fire Resistance under Combined Thermal Effect Conditions from a Ground Fire Front and Firebrands
Authors: Kasymov D. P. , Agafontsev M. V. , Perminov V. A.
Published: October 2024

Experiments were conducted on certain types of combustible building materials and wood-based structures to determine the interaction between firebrands and forest fuel (FF). Using non-contact IR diagnostic methods in narrow spectral ranges of infrared wavelengths, the heat flux values generated by firebrands and the temperature field of the most heat-stressed sections of the structures under study were determined. Using a JADE J530SB thermal imager with an optical filter of 2,5—2,7 m, temperatures in the range 310—1500 K were measured in the infrared region. In order to interpret the recorded emission from the test sample, calibrations supplied by the narrowband optical filter manufacturer were used.
Experimental Investigation on the Inspection of Cracks on Threaded Surfaces Using Electromagnetic Thermography
Authors: Zhang Yubin , Xu Changhang , Liu Pengqian , Liu Rui , Zhao Qing , Wang Longbo , Xie Jing
Published: October 2024

As an important connection type, threaded connections are very easily damaged by cracks on the threaded surfaces during the production and service period, which would lead to mechanical failure. The complicated geometry of threaded connections brings great challenges to conventional non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. Thus, it is important to develop an advanced and suitable NDT technology to detect cracks on threaded surfaces. This study investigates the applicability of electromagnetic thermography (ET) for crack inspection. The inspection principle was examined based on electromagnetic and thermal conduction laws. Experiments were conducted on four bolts with cracks on their threaded surfaces using ET technology. The effectiveness of ET was verified through the analysis of thermograms and temperature responses. In addition, we also study the influence of several key parameters, including excitation coil orientation, excitation coil location, the amplitude of excitation current, and crack size, on the detection results. The findings indicate that ET offers an efficient and practical method for inspecting cracks on threaded surfaces.
Variability of Morphological Characters of the Genus Alburnoides (Pisces, Leuciscidae) from Watercourses in Southern Russia
Authors: Belogurova Raisa E. , Karpova Evgeniya P.
Published: October 2024

The variability of the morphological characters of the genus Alburnoides Jeitteles, 1861 from watercourses in the south of Russia (five rivers of the Crimean Peninsula and two rivers of the Krasnodar Territory) is considered. It has been established that in spirlins within the study areas, body sizes average from 60.1 ± 1.45 mm in individuals from the river Gostagayka (Krasnodar region) up to 88.2 ± 1.87 mm in fish from the river Angara (Crimean Peninsula). Using the Mann–Whitney test, statistically significant differences were registered between the samples in most plastic characters; they were absent in meristic characters. In the studied regions, heterogeneity in the structure of the genus Alburnoides was noted: according to the results of cluster analysis for the totality of all studied characters, the greatest similarity was found in samples from Crimean rivers that are geographically close to each other (rivers Chernaya, Belbek, Kacha and Alma), but group from the river Angara adjoins them at a higher level of divergence. A separate group is formed by samples from the rivers of the Krasnodar Territory. The obtained data are consistent with the literary information on the formation of the ichthyofauna in the rivers of Crimea; the established clear differences between the charaters from the rivers of southern Russia require a more detailed study.
Radioecological Studies of the Lake Frog in the Reservoirs of the Middle Urals
Authors: Chebotina M. Ya. , Guseva V. P. , Berzin D. L.
Published: October 2024

A study of the accumulation of radionuclides 90Sr, 134Cs, 137Cs by a lake frog (Pelophylax ridibundus Pall., 1771) living in the areas of the reservoirs of the Middle Urals was carried out. The variability of size and mass indicators and concentrations of radionuclides in animals in the surveyed area was noted. Increased concentrations of 137Cs and 134Cs were detected in some amphibian representatives compared to the average values. A significant decrease in the concentration of 90Sr in frogs with an increase in raw body weight was found on a large statistical material. Analysis of the data obtained on the concentrations of 90Sr and 137Cs in frogs of different sexes did not reveal a significant difference in the accumulation of both radionuclides between male and female animals, as well as in the accumulation of 90Sr by striata and strieless amphibians. It is shown that radionuclides 90Sr and 137Cs enter the animal body from water much more than from the ground, while with an increase in the concentration of radionuclide in the habitat, the coefficients of their transition into the animal body decrease.
The Evolution of the Image of the SCO in India’s Foreign Policy
Authors: Shchedrov Ivan Yu.
Published: October 2024

India transitioned from observer status in 2005 to full membership in 2017. The decision to convene the 2023 Delhi Summit virtually has sparked substantive discussions. The paper analyzes the transformation of the image of the SCO within the political establishment, the expert community and the general public for the period from 2001 to 2023. Through an analysis of 2,340 publications from the Indian media, the change in narratives was determined. The study discerns the structural (quantitative and qualitative) dynamics that delineate the SCO’s depiction in the socio-political discourse. While political leaders and expert community expressed interest in the organization’s activities at an early stage, public attention has increased only since 2015. The interaction with the SCO is traditionally viewed in the context of bilateral relations with China and Pakistan. The politicians view the organization as a “balancer” in relations with the United States, assessing the SCO as a tool for increasing India’s presence in Eurasia.
Small Power in Big Politics: Singapore Foreign Policy During the Tenure of Lee Kuan Yew (1965-1990) and in Modern Times
Authors: Garmash Anna A.
Published: October 2024

The author attempts to substantiate the hypothesis that Singapore, during the years of Lee Kuan Yew’s tenure as Prime Minister (1965-1990), pursued a pragmatic foreign policy course that was innovative for a small power. It was based on a hedging strategy in interaction with the United States, Singapore’s major partner, and maintaining equidistant relations with others important states in the region and around the globe. This politics also allowed Singapore to enter the XXI century with notable diplomatic achievements, the most important of which was an ability to maintain very close relations with both Washington and Beijing. As the geopolitical situation in the Asia-Pacific region becomes more complex, the Singaporean leadership, despite continuing attempts to preserve foreign policy balance between its main partners, appears to be gradually moving towards alignment with Washington contrary to the principles of multi-vector foreign policy laid down by its Founding Father. Thus, Singapore, which at one time set a trend towards greater independence in foreign policy in spite of physical limitations, in the current realities, on the contrary, prefers a more traditional behavioral model for a smaller power in dealing with bigger counterparts.
One of the Founders of Russian Ungaristics. On the Centenary of V.P. Shusharin
Authors: Yurasov Mikhail K.
Published: October 2024

The article traces the creative path of the prominent Soviet/Russian medievalist, specialist in the history of medieval Hungary and Russian-Hungarian relations, as well as in the history of the Transylvanian principality in the early modern period V.P. Shusharin (1924–1999). The shortage of specialists in this field of knowledge contributed to the fact that V.P. Shusharin had to devote a lot of time to writing chapters in collective monographs, which touched upon the problems of the history of Hungary and Transylvania in the 9th – 17th centuries. The main work of his life was the creation of a three-volume ethnic history of the Hungarian people at that time. Research results by V.P. Shusharin were recognized not only by domestic, but also by Hungarian colleagues in medieval studies.
Effect of preservation on changes in the volume of corneal endothelial cells in an environment with a high concentration of potassium
Authors: Katkova L. E. , Baturina G. S. , Teterin M. M. , Sakhanenko A. I. , Palchikova I. G. , Iskakov I. A. , Solenov E. I.
Published: October 2024

The experimental study of preservation length on the effect of high potassium concentration in the medium on the volume of human corneal endothelial cells was done. The results of the study of individual samples of fragments of donor material and the values calculated using joined data after hypothermic preservation for 4 and 10 days are presented. The increase of the time when cornea samples are kept in preservation medium (Eusol-C) at 4℃ led to a decrease in the average value (M ± SEM) of cell swelling indicator (N) in a potassium medium from 1.055 ±0.001; n = 982 to 1.014±0.001; n = 338; after 4 and 10 days, respectively. Student’s-t test for independent samples showed a high degree of significance for the difference between these values (p = 2E-76). Identification of the proportion of cells capable to swell in a medium with a high content of potassium ions (N 1), reflecting the electrogenic activity in these cells, showed a decrease of this indicator in the studied groups with increasing duration of preservation (94.3% and 56.8% after 4 and 10 days, respectively).
Based on the results of the study, it is suggested that the values of endothelial cells swelling in a potassium environment can serve as indicators of the cells’ ability to restore electrogenic transport. It is concluded that the study of cell swelling in a medium with a high content of potassium ions can provide information for predicting the functionality of the graft.