bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coaxial 4D Printing of Vein‐Inspired Thermoresponsive Channel Hydrogel Actuators
Authors: Podstawczyk Daria , Nizioł Martyna , Śledzik Piotr , Simińska‐Stanny Julia , Dawiec‐Liśniewska Anna , Shavandi Amin
Published: November 2023

Although significant progress has been made in coaxial printing of vascularized tissue models, this technique has not yet been used to fabricate stimulus‐responsive scaffolds capable of shape change over time. Here, a new method of direct ink printing (DIP) is proposed with a coaxial nozzle, coaxial 4D printing, enabling the manufacturing of thermoresponsive constructs embedded with a network of interconnected channels. In this approach, a poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)‐based thermoink is coaxially extruded into either core/sheath microfibers or microtubes. PNIPAAm renders a hydrogel temperature‐sensitive and endows it with a shape‐morphing property both at the micro‐ and macroscale. Specifically, the lumen diameter of the microtubes can be controlled by temperature by 30%. The macrostructural soft actuators can undergo programmed and reversible temperature‐dependent shape changes due to the structural anisotropy of the hydrogel. The permeability tests demonstrate that the hydrogel can possess enough strength to maintain the hollow channels without breaking. In vitro tests confirm the biocompatibility of the material with EA.hy926 cells, paving the avenue for new perfusable soft robots, or active implants. Finally, microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is combined with the hydrogels to fabricate materials having functions of both living microorganisms and stimuli‐responsive polymers toward creating engineered living materials (ELMs) with a vein‐like geometry.
Metal–Organic Framework Based Nanozyme System for NLRP3 Inflammasome‐Mediated Neuroinflammatory Regulation in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Li Qing , Ding Xin , Chang Zhaohui , Fan Xiaowan , Pan Jiangpeng , Yang Ying , Li Xin , Jiang Wei , Fan Kelong
Published: November 2023

Neuroinflammation is associated with a series of pathological symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), including α‐synuclein aggregation and dopaminergic neuronal death. The NOD‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation at the lesion site and is a promising target for PD treatment. In this study, a nanoscale metal‐organic framework (Zr‐FeP MOF) based nanozyme is fabricated using Fe‐5,10,15,20‐tetra (4‐carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (Fe‐TCPP) and Zr6 cluster as ligands. The Zr‐FeP MOF is subsequently encapsulated with mannitol (Man)‐liposome, resulting in the formation of Zr‐FeP MOF@Man liposome (MOF@Man Liposome) nanozyme system. The in vitro studies show that this nanozyme system is effective in relieving the formation of NLRP3 inflammasome and mitochondrial dysfunction. In mouse models of PD, the nanozyme system demonstrates a significant blood–brain barrier‐crossing capability attributed to the Man‐mediated brain targeting. Additionally, transcriptomic and biochemical studies show that the nanozyme system effectively inhibits the formation and assembly of inflammasome components, mitigating the activation of glial cells and neuroinflammatory response, and ultimately regulating the pathological symptoms of PD effectively.
Modular Self‐Assembling Dendrimer Nanosystems for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Tumors
Authors: Ding Ling , Lyu Zhenbin , Perles‐Barbacaru Teodora‐Adriana , Huang Adela Ya‐Ting , Lian Baoping , Jiang Yifan , Roussel Tom , Galanakou Christina , Giorgio Suzanne , Kao Chai‐Lin , Liu Xiaoxuan , Iovanna Juan , Bernard Monique , Viola Angèle , Peng Ling
Published: November 2023

Bioimaging is a powerful tool for diagnosing tumors but remains limited in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Nanotechnology‐based imaging probes able to accommodate abundant imaging units with different imaging modalities are particularly promising for overcoming these limitations. In addition, the nanosized imaging agents can specifically increase the contrast of tumors by exploiting the enhanced permeability and retention effect. A proof‐of‐concept study is performed on pancreatic cancer to demonstrate the use of modular amphiphilic dendrimer‐based nanoprobes for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) or MR/near‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF) multimodality imaging. Specifically, the self‐assembly of an amphiphilic dendrimer bearing multiple Gd3+ units at its terminals, generates a nanomicellar agent exhibiting favorable relaxivity for MRI with a good safety profile. MRI reveals an up to two‐fold higher contrast enhancement in tumors than in normal muscle. Encapsulating the NIRF dye within the core of the nanoprobe yields an MR/NIRF bimodal imaging agent for tumor detection that is efficient both for MRI, at Gd3+ concentrations 1/10 the standard clinical dose, and for NIRF imaging, allowing over two‐fold stronger fluorescence intensities. These self‐assembling dendrimer nanosystems thus constitute effective probes for MRI and MR/NIRF multimodality imaging, offering a promising nanotechnology platform for elaborating multimodality imaging probes in biomedical applications.
Terahertz Liquid Biosensor Based on A Graphene Metasurface for Ultrasensitive Detection with A Quasi‐Bound State in the Continuum
Authors: Huang Chengcheng , Liang Lanju , Chang Pengying , Yao Haiyun , Yan Xin , Zhang Yonggang , Xie Yiyang
Published: November 2023

The concept of a quasi‐bound state in a continuum (QBIC) has garnered significant attention in various fields such as sensing, communication, and optical switching. Within metasurfaces, QBICs offer a reliable platform that enables sensing capabilities through potent interactions between local electric fields and matter. Herein, a novel terahertz (THz) biosensor based on the integration of QBIC with graphene is reported, which enables multidimensional detection. The proposed biosensor is distinctive because of its ability to discern concentrations of ethanol and N‐methylpyrrolidone in a wide range from 100% to 0%, by monitoring the changes in the resonance intensity and maximum wavelet coefficient. This approach demonstrates an excellent linear fit, which ensures robust quantitative analysis. The remarkable sensitivity of our biosensor enables it to detect minute changes in low‐concentration solutions, with the lowest detection concentration value (LDCV) of 0.21 pg mL−1. 2D wavelet coefficient intensity cards are effectively constructed through continuous wavelet transforms, which presents a more accurate approach for determining the concentration of the solution. Ultimately, the novel sensing platform offers a host of advantages, including heightened sensitivity and reusability. This pioneering approach establishes a new avenue for liquid‐based terahertz biosensing.
Marriage of a Dual‐Plasmonic Interface and Optical Microfiber for NIR‐II Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Wu Haotian , Chen Pengwei , Zhan Xundi , Lin Kaiyue , Hu Tao , Xiao Aoxiang , Liang Jiaxuan , Huang Yugang , Huang Yunyun , Guan Bai‐Ou
Published: November 2023

The use of light as a powerful tool for disease treatment has introduced a new era in tumor treatment and provided abundant opportunities for light‐based tumor theranostics. This work reports a photothermal theranostic fiber integrating cancer detection and therapeutic functions. Its self‐heating effect can be tuned at ultralow powers and used for self‐heating detection and tumor ablation. The fiber, consisting of a dual‐plasmonic nanointerface and an optical microfiber, can be used to distinguish cancer cells from normal cells, quantify cancer cells, perform hyperthermal ablation of cancer cells, and evaluate the ablation efficacy. Its cancer cell ablation rate reaches 89% in a single treatment. In vitro and in vivo studies reveal quick, deep‐tissue photonic hyperthermia in the NIR‐II window, which can markedly ablate tumors. The marriage of a dual‐plasmonic nanointerface and an optical microfiber presents a novel paradigm in photothermal therapy, offering the potential to surmount the challenges posed by limited light penetration depth, nonspecific accumulation in normal tissues, and inadvertent damage in current methods. This work thus provides insight for the exploration of an integrated theranostic platform with simultaneous functions in cancer diagnostics, therapeutics, and postoperative monitoring for future practical applications.
Optical Microfiber Coated with WS2‐Supported Gold Nanobipyramids: Ultrasensitive Detecting Prostate Cancer Extracellular Vesicles in Complex Human Samples
Authors: Li Hongtao , Wu Hao , Lu Liang , Zhang Jialong , Wang Xu , Wang Weisheng , Zheng Aiyun , Liang Lili , Sun Huojiao , Zheng Jinrong , Yuan Hao , Cao Zhigang , Yu Qi , Yu Benli , Wang Hongzhi
Published: November 2023

Ultrasensitive and rapid detection of single extracellular vesicles (EV) in complex biological samples requires a biosensor that possesses remarkable specificity, cost‐effectiveness, and ease of use; however, this remains a big challenge owing to the small size and high heterogeneity of EV in samples. Although reported biosensors can detect biomarkers in complex biological samples, tedious preprocessing procedures, low sensitivity, and expensive and complicated production hinder their use in early‐stage cancer diagnostics. To address these issues, an optical microfiber modified with WS2‐supported gold nanobipyramid (Au NBPs) nanointerfaces for the ultrasensitive assay of prostate cancer (PC) exosomes is proposed. Owing to the strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) hotspots of the Au NBPs coupled with the WS2 nanointerface, the sensor could ultrasensitively detect exosomes with an ultralow limit of detection (LODs) of 23.5 particles mL−1 in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) solution and 570.6 particles mL−1 in 10% serum. The LOD of 23.5 particles mL−1 is two orders of magnitude lower than those reported for other cutting‐edge techniques. Based on this sensing scheme, the sensor can distinguish PC serum from healthy serum, and successfully diagnose patients’ whole blood by capturing and sizing a single bioparticle. This work presents a novel method for analyzing whole blood with ultrahigh sensitivity.
Motile Living Biobots Self‐Construct from Adult Human Somatic Progenitor Seed Cells
Authors: Gumuskaya Gizem , Srivastava Pranjal , Cooper Ben G. , Lesser Hannah , Semegran Ben , Garnier Simon , Levin Michael
Published: November 2023

Fundamental knowledge gaps exist about the plasticity of cells from adult soma and the potential diversity of body shape and behavior in living constructs derived from genetically wild‐type cells. Here anthrobots are introduced, a spheroid‐shaped multicellular biological robot (biobot) platform with diameters ranging from 30 to 500 microns and cilia‐powered locomotive abilities. Each Anthrobot begins as a single cell, derived from the adult human lung, and self‐constructs into a multicellular motile biobot after being cultured in extra cellular matrix for 2 weeks and transferred into a minimally viscous habitat. Anthrobots exhibit diverse behaviors with motility patterns ranging from tight loops to straight lines and speeds ranging from 5–50 microns s−1. The anatomical investigations reveal that this behavioral diversity is significantly correlated with their morphological diversity. Anthrobots can assume morphologies with fully polarized or wholly ciliated bodies and spherical or ellipsoidal shapes, each related to a distinct movement type. Anthrobots are found to be capable of traversing, and inducing rapid repair of scratches in, cultured human neural cell sheets in vitro. By controlling microenvironmental cues in bulk, novel structures, with new and unexpected behavior and biomedically‐relevant capabilities, can be discovered in morphogenetic processes without direct genetic editing or manual sculpting.
CYTOR Facilitates Formation of FOSL1 Phase Separation and Super Enhancers to Drive Metastasis of Tumor Budding Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Wenjin , Yun Bokai , Hoyle Rosalie G , Ma Zhikun , Zaman Shadid Uz , Xiong Gan , Yi Chen , Xie Nan , Zhang Ming , Liu Xiqiang , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar , Li Jiong , Wang Cheng
Published: November 2023

Tumor budding (TB) is a small tumor cell cluster with highly aggressive behavior located ahead of the invasive tumor front. However, the molecular and biological characteristics of TB and the regulatory mechanisms governing TB phenotypes remain unclear. This study reveals that TB exhibits a particular dynamic gene signature with stemness and partial epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (p‐EMT). Importantly, nuclear expression of CYTOR is identified to be the key regulator governing stemness and the p‐EMT phenotype of TB cells, and targeting CYTOR significantly inhibits TB formation, tumor growth and lymph node metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Mechanistically, CYTOR promotes tumorigenicity and metastasis of TB cells by facilitating the formation of FOSL1 phase‐separated condensates to establish FOSL1‐dependent super enhancers (SEs). Depletion of CYTOR leads to the disruption of FOSL1‐dependent SEs, which results in the inactivation of cancer stemness and pro‐metastatic genes. In turn, activation of FOSL1 promotes the transcription of CYTOR. These findings indicate that CYTOR is a super‐lncRNA that controls the stemness and metastasis of TB cells through facilitating the formation of FOSL1 phase separation and SEs, which may be an attractive target for therapeutic interventions in HNSCC.
Multilevel Reset Dependent Set of a Biodegradable Memristor with Physically Transient
Authors: Shaikh Mohammad Tauquir Alam Shamim , Nguyen Tan Hoang Vu , Jeon Ho Jung , Prasad Chowdam Venkata , Kim Kyong Jae , Jo Eun Seo , Kim Sangmo , Rim You Seung
Published: November 2023

The electronic device, with its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ease of fabrication process, shows great potential to embed into health monitoring and hardware data security systems. Herein, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) biopolymer is presented as an active layer, electrochemically active magnesium (Mg) as a metal electrode, and chitosan‐based substrate (CHS) to fabricate biocompatible and biodegradable physically transient neuromorphic device (W/Mg/PVP/Mg/CHS). TheI–Vcurve of device is non‐volatile bipolar in nature and shows a unique compliance‐induced multilevel RESET‐dependent‐SET behavior while sweeping the compliance current from a few microamperes to milliamperes. Non‐volatile and stable switching properties are demonstrated with a long endurance test (100 sweeps) and retention time of over 104 s. The physically transient memristor (PTM) has remarkably high dynamic RON/ROFF(ON/OFF state resistance) ratio (106Ω), and when placed in deionized (DI) water, the device is observed to completely dissolve within 10 min. The pulse transient measurements demonstrate the neuromorphic computation capabilities of the device in the form of excitatory post synaptic current (EPSC), potentiation, depression, and learning behavior, which resemble the biological function of neurons. The results demonstrate the potential of W/Mg/PVP/Mg/CHS device for use in future healthcare and physically transient electronics.
Long Cycle Life for Rechargeable Lithium Battery using Organic Small Molecule Dihydrodibenzo[c,h][2,6]naphthyridine‐5,11‐dione as a Cathode after Isoindigo Pigment Isomerization
Authors: Yang Mingcong , Hu Wei , Li Jun , Chen Tao , Zhao Shiqiang , Chen Xi'an , Wang Shun , Jin Huile
Published: November 2023

Sustainability and adaptability in structural design of the organic cathodes present promises for applications in alkali metal ion batteries. Nevertheless, a formidable challenge lies in their high solubility in organic electrolytes, particularly for small molecular materials, impeding cycling stability and high capacity. This study focuses on the design and synthesis of organic small molecules, the isomers of (E)‐5,5′‐difluoro‐[3,3′‐biindolinylidene]‐2,2′‐dione (EFID) and 3,9‐difluoro‐6,12‐dihydrodibenzo [c, h][2,6]naphthyridine‐5,11‐dione (FBND). While EFID, characterized by a less π‐conjugated structure, exhibits subpar cycling stability in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), intriguingly, another isomer, FBND, demonstrates exceptional capacity and cycling stability in LIBs. FBND delivers a remarkable capacity of 175 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.05 A g−1 and maintains excellent cycling stability over 2000 cycles, retaining 90% of its initial capacity. Furthermore, an in‐depth examination of redox reactions and storage mechanisms of FBND are conducted. The potential of FBND is also explored as an anode in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and as a cathode in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). The FBND framework, featuring extended π‐conjugated molecules with an imide structure compared to EFID, proves to be an excellent material template to develop advanced organic small molecular cathode materials for sustainable batteries.
Blueprint for community emergency department pediatric simulation
Authors: Kaur Snimarjot , Lynders William , Goldman Michael , Bruno Christie , Morin Juliana , Maruschock Scott , Auerbach Marc
Published: November 2023

Background

Gaps in quality of pediatric emergency care have been noted in community emergency departments (CEDs), where >85% of children receive care. In situ simulation provides opportunities for hands‐on experiences and can help close these gaps. We aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate an innovative, replicable, and scalable pediatric in situ simulation‐based CED curriculum, under the leadership of a local colleague, through collaborative approach with a regional academic medical center (AMC).

Methods

Kern's model was used as follows: problem identification and general needs assessment—pediatric readiness assessment and discussions with CED physician and nursing leadership; targeted needs assessment—review of recent pediatric transfer cases; goals and objectives—enhance pediatric knowledge and skills of interprofessional teams and detect latent safety threats; educational strategies—codeveloped by CED and AMC, included prelearning using podcasts and videos, simulation and facilitated debriefing, resource sharing after simulations; implementation—3‐h simulation sessions facilitated in person by the CED team and remotely by AMC (leadership required participation and paid staff); and evaluation and feedback—retrospective pre–post survey, Simulation Effectiveness Tool–Modified (SET‐M), Net Promoter Score (NPS), and review/feedback meetings.

Results

Based on needs assessment, the selected cases included newborn resuscitation, seizure, asthma, and tetrahydrocannabinol ingestion causing altered mental sensorium in a child. Twenty‐four 3‐h simulation sessions were conducted over 1 year. A total of 168 participants completed the sessions, while 75 participants (54.7% nurses, 22.7% physicians, and others) completed feedback surveys. Seventy‐six percent of participants reported completing presimulation education material. Participants reported improved skills at appropriately evaluating a critically ill newborn and critically ill infant/toddler and improved teamwork during the care of a pediatric patient. The majority agreed that simulation was effective in teaching pediatric resuscitation. The NPS was 84% (excellent).

Conclusions

A locally facilitated CED in situ simulation curriculum was successfully developed and implemented under local leadership, with remote collaboration by AMC. The curriculum was well received and effective.
C7‐Regioselective C−H Fluorination of Benzotriazole Amides and Sulfonamides with NFSI under Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Li Chengqian , Fan Shengyu , Wang Zhuo , Song Zhiguang
Published: November 2023

The first metal‐free catalyzed C−H selective fluorination of benzotriazole amides and sulfonamide derivatives was achieved at the C‐7 position using NFSI (N‐fluorobenzenesulfonymide) as the fluorine source. The control experiment showed that the reaction underwent a free radical process that tolerated an excellent range of substrates with mild to good yields (>46 examples, yield up to 71 %).
Boosting Low‐Temperature CO2 Hydrogenation over Ni‐based Catalysts by Tuning Strong Metal‐Support Interactions
Authors: Ye Runping , Ma Lixuan , Hong Xiaoling , Reina Tomas Ramirez , Luo Wenhao , Kang Liqun , Feng Gang , Zhang Rongbin , Fan Maohong , Zhang Riguang , Liu Jian
Published: November 2023

Rational design of low‐cost and efficient transition‐metal catalysts for low‐temperature CO2 activation is significant and poses great challenges. Herein, a strategy via regulating the local electron density of active sites is developed to boost CO2 methanation that normally requires >350 °C for commercial Ni catalysts. An optimal Ni/ZrO2 catalyst affords an excellent low‐temperature performance hitherto, with a CO2 conversion of 84.0 %, CH4 selectivity of 98.6 % even at 230 °C and GHSV of 12,000 mL g−1 h−1 for 106 h, reflecting one of the best CO2 methanation performance to date on Ni‐based catalysts. Combined a series of in situ spectroscopic characterization studies reveal that re‐constructing monoclinic‐ZrO2 supported Ni species with abundant oxygen vacancies can facilitate CO2 activation, owing to the enhanced local electron density of Ni induced by the strong metal‐support interactions. These findings might be of great aid for construction of robust catalysts with an enhanced performance for CO2 emission abatement and beyond.
Empirical Model of Solvophobic Interactions in Organic Solvents
Authors: Manzewitsch Alexander N. , Liu Hao , Lin Binzhou , Li Ping , Pellechia Perry J. , Shimizu Ken D.
Published: November 2023

An empirical model was developed to predict organic solvophobic effects using N‐phenylimide molecular balances functionalized with non‐polar alkyl groups. Solution studies and X‐ray crystallography confirmed intramolecular alkyl‐alkyl interactions in their folded conformers. The structural modularity of the balances allowed systematic variation of alkyl group lengths. Control balances were instrumental in isolating weak organic solvophobic effects by eliminating framework solvent‐solute effects. A 19F NMR label enabled analysis across 46 deuterated and non‐deuterated solvent systems. Linear correlations were observed between organic solvophobic effects and solvent cohesive energy density (ced) as well as changes in solvent‐accessible surface areas (SASA). Using these empirical relationships, a model was constructed to predict organic solvophobic interaction energy per unit area for any organic solvent with known ced values. The predicted interaction energies aligned with recent organic solvophobic measurements and literature values for the hydrophobic effect on non‐polar surfaces confirmed the model‘s accuracy and utility.
Iminopyrrole‐Based Self‐Assembly: A Route to Intrinsically Flexible Molecular Links and Knots
Authors: Sarwa Aleksandra , Białońska Agata , Sobieraj Michał , Martínez Juan Pablo , Trzaskowski Bartosz , Szyszko Bartosz
Published: November 2023

The use of 2,5‐diformylpyrrole in self‐assembly reactions with diamines and Zn(II)/Cd(II) salts allowed the preparation of [2]catenane, trefoil knot, and Borromean rings. The intrinsically dynamic nature of the diiminopyrrole motif rendered all of the formed assemblies intramolecularly flexible. The presence of diiminopyrrole revealed new coordination motifs and influenced the host–guest chemistry of the systems, as illustrated by hexafluorophosphate encapsulation by Borromean rings.
Structure–property evolution of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(trimethylene terephthalate) side‐by‐side self‐crimp filament
Authors: Zhang Xuzhen , Nan Jingwen , Huang Wenjian , Xiao Shunli , Wang Xiuhua , Sun Yanlin , Zhou Jin , Chen Wenxing
Published: November 2023

To investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of self‐crimping two‐component side‐by‐side bicomponent filament, this paper focuses on systematically investigating the structure–property evolution of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) side‐by‐side bicomponent filament prepared via melt spinning with various component ratios, drawing and heating treatment. The investigation was operated upon the combination of morphology analysis, thermal analysis, crystallization, and orientation analysis. The variation of cross section and curl‐morphology, crystallization, and microstructures mainly containing lamellar and microfibrillar crystals as well as their effects on the mechanical and self‐crimping properties were discussed. As the draft ratio (DR) increases, the crystallinity, sonic orientation factor, tensile strength, and crimp‐recovery rate of the filaments were increased. The sonic orientation factor in the crystalline region decreases from 0.923 to 0.777 but increases from 0.677 to 0.903 in the amorphous region. In contrast to the variation of the DR, heating temperature has a limited effect on the tensile strength of the PET/PTT hybrid filaments. Crimp‐recovery rate, however, first increases to 11.8 and then decreases to 9.8 with an increasing heating temperature from 144 to 168°C. Most of these behaviors have been attributed to changes in the ratio of contractile stress for both PTT and PET components, originating from microstructural evolution in hybrid filaments, including crystal growth, breakage, deflection, and deformation of chains along the axial direction. As a summary, an interpretive diagrammatic sketch has been proposed to clarify the structure–property relationships of the commercial PET/PTT filaments.
Reprocessing polyurethane foam using dynamic covalent chemistry in extrusion
Authors: van Aart Jeroen , den Doelder Jaap , Heuts Johan P. A.
Published: November 2023

Thermoset polyurethanes (PUs) pose recycling challenges due to their crosslinked structure. This study investigates the possibility to directly reprocess PU foams through (dynamic) carbamate exchange using reactive extrusion. By varying compounding temperature and catalyst (dibutyltin dilaurate, DBTDL) concentration, the extrusion process is examined using torque measurements. We clearly show that it is possible to reprocess the PU foam at temperatures well below 200°C and that DBTDL catalyst greatly enhances bond exchange rates during compounding. Reproducible extrusions at 160°C with 0.3 wt% DBTDL result in a material with a gel fraction of 0.90 displaying typical dynamic covalent network behavior, as confirmed by stress relaxation measurements. The measured characteristic relaxation times display an Arrhenius‐type temperature dependence with an activation energy of 41 kJ/mol. Successful extrusion of fully crosslinked PU foam at milder temperatures with DBTDL catalyst demonstrates potential for PU foam recycling using reactive extrusion, and generally highlights the feasibility of dynamic crosslink reconfiguration for waste reduction and improved sustainability.
Anxieties, defenses and perverse dynamics in a manufacturing firm
Authors: Mateescu Veronica M. , Butaru Lucian T.
Published: November 2023

This paper aims to demonstrate how a socioanalytic perspective deepens an anthropological one. We focused our attention on the instrumentalization of personal and collective anxieties within a small organization, in order to reveal how and why power works. By using psychoanalytic concepts, we were able to draw the space of possibles that nests the relations of dominance. Our research draws on fieldwork conducted in a rural community in Northern Romania. We used participant observation, semi‐structured and unstructured interviews. Relying on the observed vulnerabilities and local idiosyncrasies that create specific necessities and expectations, we tried to show how defense systems, basic assumptions and perverse dynamics shape the organization's culture.
Association of cognitive and adaptive skills with internalizing and externalizing problems in autistic children and adolescents
Authors: Donoso Javiera , Rattray Fiona , de Bildt Annelies , Tillmann Julian , Williams Penny , Absoud Michael , Totsika Vasiliki
Published: November 2023

The presence of an intellectual disability (ID) alongside autism is considered to increase the risk for mental health and behavior problems in children and adolescents. Existing evidence is restricted by looking at ID as a categorical classification. The study aimed to examine the association of cognitive and adaptive behavior skills with internalizing and externalizing problems in a large sample of autistic children and adolescents, across a wide range of cognitive skills. Participants were 2759 children and adolescents aged between 4 and 18 years recruited as part of the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC), of whom 709 (approximately 25%) had ID. Multiple regression models examined associations of internalizing and externalizing problems with cognitive and adaptive skills (communication, daily living, and socialization skills). Cognitive skills were not associated with externalizing problems but were associated with more internalizing problems in autistic children without ID (Cog β: 0.126). All adaptive skill domains were inversely associated with externalizing (Communication β: −0.145; Daily‐Living β: −0.132; Socialization β: −0.289) and internalizing problems (Communication β: −0.074; Daily‐Living β: −0.064; Socialization β: −0.213) in those without ID. Daily living (β: −0.158) and socialization skills (β: −0.104) were inversely correlated with externalizing problems in autistic children with ID, while only socialization problems (β: −0.099) were associated with internalizing problems in this group. Socialization skills were systematically associated with internalizing and externalizing problems across all levels of cognitive functioning. Supporting social skills development may benefit all aspects of child mental health, while recognizing that children with higher cognitive skills are more vulnerable to internalizing problems might assist with earlier identification of these problems.
Montagehafen an der Ruhr – OB‐Lehr‐Brückenzug in Duisburg
Authors: Hente Jonas , Ebers‐Ernst Jeannette
Published: November 2023

Der Oberbürgermeister‐Lehr‐Brückenzug in Duisburg verbindet die Duisburger Stadtteile Ruhrort und Kaßlerfeld. Er führt die Ruhrorter Straße u. a. über mehrere Wasserstraßen zur Hafenanbindung und die Ruhr. Der Brückenzug hat eine enorme Bedeutung für die Anbindung des Duisburger Hafens an die Fernstraßen als auch die Querung der Ruhr für den Individualverkehr und den ÖPNV. Da sowohl der Querschnitt als auch der bauliche Zustand der vorhandenen Brücken nicht in der Lage sind, die zunehmende zukünftige Verkehrsbelastung aufzunehmen, ist der Neubau des Brückenzugs erforderlich. Um während der Bauphase sämtliche Verkehre aufrechterhalten zu können, wird eine Behelfsumfahrung unter Nutzung der neuen Überbauten in Seitenlage errichtet. Die Vormontage der Überbauten muss unter Beachtung der Andienung der Vormontagefläche (VMF) als auch der Anforderungen aus dem Einschwimmen im Nahbereich des Bestandsbrückenzugs erfolgen. Aufgrund der innerstädtischen Lage ist der Raum für eine temporäre VMF stark eingeschränkt, sodass die Überbauten auf einer ca. 25.000 m2 großen Fläche südlich des Kaßlerfelder Kreisels im Bereich des Ruhrvorlands und des Ruhrdeichs vormontiert werden. Die VMF wird damit auch im hochwassergefährdeten Bereich errichtet, gleichzeitig ist die Schutzwirkung des Ruhrdeichs durch die temporäre Inanspruchnahme in keiner Weise einzuschränken. Angesichts der Insellage der Baustelle ist die Andienung der VMF über einen temporären Montagehafen an der Ruhr erforderlich.
Investigating sustainability tensions and resolution strategies in the plastic food packaging industry—A paradox theory approach
Authors: Farrukh Amna , Sajjad Aymen
Published: November 2023

Increasing food waste, natural resource depletion, and climate change issues have forced plastic food packaging (PFP) companies to align their business strategies with sustainability aspects. At the same time, however, companies operating in the food packaging industry continue to face tensions while pursuing divergent sustainability goals simultaneously. Drawing on paradox theory, this study aims to examine paradoxical sustainability tensions in the PFP industry and propose potential resolution strategies to resolve diverse tensions arising from addressing competing social, economic, and environmental concerns simultaneously. To this end, we employed a qualitative research methodology and interviewed 15 senior corporate managers and consultants in the PFP industry. Based on the empirical data, we develop categories of sustainability tensions related to operations and supply chain, recycling, and external stakeholders associated with performing, organizing, learning, and belonging paradoxes. Further, we propose resolution strategies including multi‐stakeholder collaboration, research and innovation, circular economy, and use of integrated business strategies which are aligned with the acceptance, spatial separation, temporal separation, and synthesis approaches of the paradox theory. To the best of our knowledge, it is one of the early studies that embrace a paradox lens to investigate the sustainability tensions and resolution strategies in the PFP industry. Further, the study results could guide practitioners and policymakers in the PFP industry to comprehend underlying paradoxical sustainability tensions and promote resolution strategies to address divergent yet desirable economic, social, and environmental considerations simultaneously.
The history of forensic neuropsychiatry
Authors: Fozdar Manish A.
Published: November 2023

Significant advances in various disciplines of neurosciences, such as neurology, neuropsychiatry, neuroimaging, and neurogenetics, have caused an exciting field to emerge in the field of forensic neuropsychiatry called neurolaw. The resurgence of interest in this field has paralleled the renaissance of neuropsychiatry in the last few decades. This historical review of the practice of forensic neuropsychiatry provides an insight into the past with the hope that it will guide the future development of this field.
First magnetic particle imaging to assess pulmonary vascular leakage in vivo in the acutely injured and fibrotic lung
Authors: Feng Xin , Gao Pengli , Li Yabin , Hui Hui , Jiang Jingying , Xie Fei , Tian Jie
Published: November 2023

Increased pulmonary vascular permeability is a characteristic feature of lung injury. However, there are no established methods that allow the three‐dimensional visualization and quantification of pulmonary vascular permeability in vivo. Evans blue extravasation test and total protein test of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) are permeability assays commonly used in research settings. However, they lack the ability to identify the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of endothelial barrier disruption, which is typical in lung injuries. Magnetic resonance (MR) and near‐infrared (NIR) imaging have been proposed to image pulmonary permeability, but suffer from limited sensitivity and penetration depth, respectively. In this study, we report the first use of magnetic particle imaging (MPI) to assess pulmonary vascular leakage noninvasively in vivo in mice. A dextran‐coated superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO), synomag®, was employed as the imaging tracer, and pulmonary SPIO extravasation was imaged and quantified to evaluate the vascular leakage. Animal models of acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis (PF) were used to validate the proposed method. MPI sensitively detected the SPIO extravasation in both acutely injured and fibrotic lungs in vivo, which was confirmed by ex vivo imaging and Prussian blue staining. Moreover, 3D MPI illustrated the spatial heterogeneity of vascular leakage, which correlated well with CT findings. Based on the in vivo 3D MPI images, we defined the SPIO extravasation index (SEI) to quantify the vascular leakage. A significant increase in SEI was observed in the injured lungs, in consistent with the results obtained via ex vivo permeability assays. Overall, our results demonstrate that 3D quantitative MPI serves as a useful tool to examine pulmonary vascular integrity in vivo, which shows promise for future clinical translation.
Modification of a Common β‐diketiminate NacNac Framework via Sequential Lithiation and Small Molecule Insertion
Authors: Lynch Jennifer R. , Kennedy Alan R. , Barker Jim , Mulvey Robert E.
Published: November 2023

A widely utilised class of ligands in synthesis and catalysis, β‐diketiminate (BDI) or NacNac compounds were initially considered innocent in the sense that they remained intact in all their applications. That changed when the γ‐C−H unit of their NCCCN backbone was found to engage in reactions with electrophiles. Here, we show that this special reactivity can be used advantageously to prepare tripodal modifications of the common NacNac ligand derived from 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl‐β‐methyldiketimine [NacNacH (Me, Dipp)]. Lithiation to give NacNacLi, followed by reactions with isocyanates, isothiocyanates and a carbodiimide, have afforded a series of tripodal NacNac variants having N,N,N,O; N,N,N,S; or N,N,N,N potential dentation sites, many of which have been crystallographically characterised. Distinct ligating modes of these new ligands have been elucidated through the crystal structures of their lithiated derivatives.
Exploring Derivatives of Quinolizidine Alkaloid Sophoridine in the Design and Biological Mechanistic Evaluation of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors against Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Dai Linlin , Tan Cheng , Wang Hui , Wang Luyao , Zhang Ting , Zhi Shuang , Yang Zibo , Zhao Xiumei , Li Dongdong
Published: November 2023

As a critical epigenetic modulator of gene expression, histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been involved in the pathogenesis and therapeutic investigation of cancer. Quinolizidine alkaloid sophoridine is known to have anticancer efficacy but with limited indication. By incorporating the pharmacophore of the HDAC inhibitor into the ring‐opened sophoridine core, a new series of sophoridine hydroxamic acid derivatives were synthesized. After structure‐activity studies, a selected compound was found to exert significant cytotoxicity in triple‐negative breast cancer CAL‐51 cells (IC50 1.17 μM), and demonstrated low nanomolar inhibitory potency toward HDAC1/3/6. Cellular functional assays indicated that this compound was able to induce apoptosis and cause accumulation of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. Western blot analysis revealed it to decrease the expression of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b by down‐regulating phosphor‐ERK1/2. Furthermore, treatment with this compound proved to block the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in the PI3KCA and PTEN‐mutant CAL‐51 cells. Collectively, this work provides a novel lead compound for the development of potential therapeutics against triple‐negative breast cancers, possibly mesenchymal‐like subtype.
Identification of characteristics and construction of nomogram to predict the survival probability of mesonephric carcinoma patients: A population‐based analysis and a case report
Authors: Li Zhuoran , Liu Dongyu , Wei Wenlong , Huang Zhisheng , Mo Yuzhen , Huang Haowei
Published: November 2023

Background

Mesonephric carcinoma (MC) is a very rare tumor with less than 70 cases had been reported. The rarity of MC has restricted its research, resulting in the lack of published guidelines.

Objective

To summarize the characteristics and construct an external‐validated nomogram to predict the survival of MC patients.

Method

Sixty‐four qualified patients derived from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Plus database, and one patient from the Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital were enrolled. The entire cohort was randomly divided into a development (70%) and a validation cohort (30%). The Kaplan–Meier method and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied. Two nomograms were established to predict the 3‐to‐8‐year survival probability of MC patients, which were evaluated by C‐index, ROC curves, DCA curves, and calibration plots.

Results

The average survival time of MC patients was 84.22 ± 50.66 months. No significant difference was shown among different groups of race, primary site, tumor differentiated grade, and FIGO stages, while different SEER stages did distinguish patients' survival time, which indicated that the SEER stage standards might be a better staging system in the MC patients than FIGO stage (p = .0835). Additional survival analyses showed that MC patients benefited from shorter waiting times to begin treatment, accepting surgery, regional lymph node examination, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Two nomograms were established, both of which got satisfied scores in C‐index, ROC curves, DCA curves, and calibration plots.

Conclusion

Sufficient regional lymph nodes examined, and applying radiotherapy in high‐risk patients are recommended in MC patients. Nomograms established in the present study had good predicting and discriminating capabilities, which would be helpful in patients' individual risk estimation, management, counseling, and follow‐up.
Nafamostat Reduces the Incidence of post‐ERCP Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Horváth István László , Kleiner Dénes , Nagy Rita , Fehérvári Péter , Hankó Balázs , Hegyi Péter , Csupor Dezső
Published: November 2023

Pancreatitis is the most common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). As the management of pancreatitis is limited, clinical approaches focus on the prevention of post‐ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). In theory, the serine protease inhibitor nafamostat can reduce circulating inflammatory mediators in pancreatitis. We aimed to investigate the effect of nafamostat in the prevention of PEP in this systematic review and meta‐analysis. The protocol for this review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022367988). We systematically searched 5 databases without any filters on September 26, 2022. The eligible population was adult patients undergoing ERCP. We compared the PEP preventive effect of nafamostat to placebo. The main outcome was the occurrence of PEP. We calculated the pooled odds ratios (ORs), mean differences, and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) and multilevel model. The risk of bias was assessed using the Rob2 tool. Seven randomized controlled trials involving 2,962 patients were eligible for inclusion. Nafamostat reduced the overall incidence rate of PEP (20 mg, OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.30–0.82 and 50 mg, OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.24–0.96). However, the occurrence of mild PEP was significantly reduced only in the subgroup receiving 20 mg nafamostat (OR, 0.49, 95% CI: 0.31–0.77). Overall, nafamostat therapy reduced moderate PEP in high‐risk patients (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.0.4–0.84) and mild PEP in low‐risk patients (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.17–0.61). Nafamostat is an effective therapy in the prevention of mild post‐ERCP pancreatitis. Further research is required to determine the cost‐effectiveness of this therapy.
Cycle‐Consistent Generative Adversarial Network and Crypto Hash Signature Token‐based Block chain Technology for Data Aggregation with Secured Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Janarthanan Ashwinth , Vidhusha Vidhusha
Published: November 2023

A fundamental component of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is routing, because it is responsible for data transmission to the base stations (BS). Routing attacks are attacks that have the ability to interfere with the operation of WSN. A reliable routing system is needed for guaranteeing routing security including WSN effectiveness. Many studies have been conducted to improve trust among routing nodes, cryptographic algorithms and centralized routing decisions. Nevertheless, most of the routing techniques are not practical because it is challenging to detect suspicious actions of routing nodes. Generally, there is lack of reliable technique for preventing malicious node attacks. Therefore in this manuscript, Cycle‐Consistent Generative Adversarial Network (CCGAN) optimized with Ebola Optimization Search Algorithm (EOSA) and Crypto Hash Signature (CHS) Token‐based Block chain (BC) Technology for Data Aggregation with Secured Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (SR‐CCGAN‐EOSA‐BDA‐WSN) is proposed for data aggregation with secured optimum routing in WSN. The proposed methodology uses a Proof of Authority (PoA) method in the block chain network to authenticate the process of node transmission. A Cycle‐Consistent Generative Adversarial Network optimized with the Ebola optimization algorithm methodology (CCGAN‐EOSA) is used to select the validation group required for proofing and select the proper next hop as a forwarding node proficient of securely and easily transmitting messages. The performance metrics, like delay, average latency with energy consumption, block chain token transactions throughput is analyzed. The performance of SR‐CCGAN‐EOSA‐BDAWSN proposed method provides 76.26%, 65.57%, and 42.9% lesser delay under 30% spiteful routing environment; 73.06% are compared with existing methods.
Digital phenotyping: An equal opportunity approach to reducing disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementia research
Authors: Britton Gabrielle B. , Huang Li‐Kai , Villarreal Alcibiades E. , Levey Allan , Philippakis Anthony , Hu Chaur‐Jong , Yang Cheng Chang , Mushi Declare , Oviedo Diana C. , Rangel Giselle , Ho Jor Sam , Thompson Louisa , Khemakhem Mahdi , Ross Makayla , Carreira María B. , Kim Nicole , Joung Philip , Albastaki Omar , Kuo Po Chih , Low Spencer , Paddick Stella‐Maria , Kuan Yi‐Chun , Au Rhoda
Published: November 2023

A rapidly aging world population is fueling a concomitant increase in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD). Scientific inquiry, however, has largely focused on White populations in Australia, the European Union, and North America. As such, there is an incomplete understanding of AD in other populations. In this perspective, we describe research efforts and challenges of cohort studies from three regions of the world: Central America, East Africa, and East Asia. These cohorts are engaging with the Davos Alzheimer's Collaborative (DAC), a global partnership that brings together cohorts from around the world to advance understanding of AD. Each cohort is poised to leverage the widespread use of mobile devices to integrate digital phenotyping into current methodologies and mitigate the lack of representativeness in AD research of racial and ethnic minorities across the globe. In addition to methods that these three cohorts are already using, DAC has developed a digital phenotyping protocol that can collect ADRD‐related data remotely via smartphone and/or in clinic via a tablet to generate a common data elements digital dataset that can be harmonized with additional clinical and molecular data being collected at each cohort site and when combined across cohorts and made accessible can provide a global data resource that is more racially/ethnically represented of the world population.
Dynamically triggered seismicity on a tectonic scale: A review
Authors: Qi Chengzhi , Wang Mingyang , Kocharyan Gevorg , Kunitskikh Artem , Wang Zefan
Published: November 2023

Earthquakes triggered by dynamic disturbances have been confirmed by numerous observations and experiments. In the past several decades, earthquake triggering has attracted increasing attention of scholars in relation to exploring the mechanism of earthquake triggering, earthquake prediction, and the desire to use the mechanism of earthquake triggering to reduce, prevent, or trigger earthquakes. Natural earthquakes and large‐scale explosions are the most common sources of dynamic disturbances that trigger earthquakes. In the past several decades, some models have been developed, including static, dynamic, quasi‐static, and other models. Some reviews have been published, but explosion‐triggered seismicity was not included. In recent years, some new results on earthquake triggering have emerged. Therefore, this paper presents a new review to reflect the new results and include the content of explosion‐triggered earthquakes for the reference of scholars in this area. Instead of a complete review of the relevant literature, this paper primarily focuses on the main aspects of dynamic earthquake triggering on a tectonic scale and makes some suggestions on issues that need to be resolved in this area in the future.