bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Service Quality Implications of Long Periods of Consecutive Working Days: An Empirical Study of Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing Teams
Authors: Miedaner Felix , Kuntz Ludwig , Eilermann Kerstin , Roth Bernhard , Scholtes Stefan
Published: March 2024

Problem definition: We examine the effects of prolonged consecutive working days without breaks on care quality and explore its association with daily staffing levels in neonatal intensive care nursing teams. Academic/practical relevance: Healthcare organizations typically base staffing guidelines on safe daily metrics like nurse-to-patient ratios. However, in response to unforeseen demand spikes or staff shortages, managers often depend on staff working additional consecutive days to bridge staffing gaps. This approach, although addressing immediate staffing needs, can inadvertently impact care quality and safety, potentially undermining the benefits of higher staffing levels. Methodology: Using longitudinal data from 62 German neonatal units, we analyze the effect of nursing teams’ consecutive working days on the time from admission to full enteral feeding for 847 low-birth-weight babies, considering nurse-to-patient ratios and patient complexity. Results: Longer consecutive working periods harmfully affect care quality, especially during staffing shortages. The detrimental impact on days with low staffing is particularly pronounced in patients with less complex medical needs. Limiting the team-average number of consecutive working days to two days would have reduced the time to full enteral feeding in our study by 6.4%. Shifting from half a day less to half a day more than the average number of consecutive working days has an impact equal to 20% of the difference in time taken to reach full enteral feeding between low- and high-birth-weight babies. Managerial implications: Limiting consecutive working days could significantly improve intensive care outcomes. Management should monitor consecutive working days alongside daily staffing levels. Policy makers should consider introducing limits on the number of consecutive working days for intensive care nurses.

Funding: This work was supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research in Germany [Grant 01GY1152].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0021 .
The Impact of a Short-Selling-Friendly Environment on Board Composition
Authors: Kang Ribuga , Kang Jingoo
Published: March 2024

This study examines how short selling influences board composition following a tradition in the strategy literature emphasizing the role of the external environment on firms’ strategies. We predict that a short-selling-friendly environment has a negative effect on the number of outside directors, which is supported by our firm and year fixed effect difference-in-differences analysis. We find that the negative effect of a short-selling-friendly environment becomes stronger when outside directors have a larger network and are busy. Furthermore, we investigate the moderating effect of chief executive officer (CEO) influence on the board and find that the negative effect is more pronounced when the CEO serves as the board chair and when the nominating committee is more nonindependent. Our research identifies a novel determinant of board composition and addresses the endogeneity issue in board composition literature.

Funding: This work was supported by the Sogang University Research Grant of 202210048.01.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.16506 .
The Benefits of Lidar
Authors: Zhao Zhai
Published: March 2024

Data from a high performance lidar system can optimise traffic data collection, weigh-in-motion and tolling applications
Urban Crossings
Authors: Afonso Fernando
Published: March 2024

A new, smaller road stud has been designed to improve crosswalk safety, whilst enabling easy installation and minimised impact on the environment
Essaying Pain
Authors: Jurecic Ann
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Narrative has long been central to the study of literature about illness, but we err if we assume that memoir and fiction alone depict the embodied experience of physical suffering. Contemporary writers also turn to the essay. In French, essayer means to attempt, and writing essays requires facing difficult questions and predicaments, confronting uncertainty and the unknown. Among recent literary essays, many are about women in pain. These include Eula Biss's "The Pain Scale" (2005) and Leslie Jamison's "Grand Unified Theory of Female Pain" (2014). Each of these writers asks: How, when, and why do we suffer? Why is women's pain so often diminished, dismissed, and misunderstood? And why, in response to the suffering of others, do we regularly fail to provide what is needed?
Elizabeth Bowen’s Grammar of Waning Empire
Authors: Bootes Wendi
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This essay theorizes a connection between referential instability and British imperial collapse in Elizabeth Bowen’s novel The Last September . It argues that the felt experiences of the rapidly shifting historical situation in Ireland must be understood through the novel’s linguistic indirection. By tracing the development of “enabling generalizations,” it shows how the novel’s dialogic language exposes the unstable nature of colonial identification—evidenced in the volatility of setting—while offering a formal strategy for grappling with that very instability.
Effect of gamma-irradiation on the photoluminescence of silver-doped lithium triborate glass
Authors: Adamiv Volodymyr , Burak Yaroslav , Volodko Natalia , Dutchak Ulyana , Izo Taras , Teslyuk Ihor , Luchechko Andriy
Published: March 2024

Optical-luminescence properties, including absorption spectra, photoluminescence
excitation spectra, and changes in photoluminescence spectra after
irradiation with γ-rays in the dose range of
1–3 Gy, were measured for novel LiB3O5:Ag dosimeter glass. A clear dependence
of the intensity of the photoluminescence (PL), with a maximum of
approximately 300 nm, on the dose value when excited by light
with λexc=220nm was observed. The mechanism of PL in γ-irradiated LiB3O5:Ag glass is proposed to be a consequence
of radiation annihilation with the emission of relaxed exciton-like
electronic excitations with the participation of impurity defects (Ag0) in the glass structure. Considering
that LiB3O5 has an effective atomic number of Zeff=7.39, which is the closest to Zeff=7.42 of human body tissue, LiB3O5:Ag glass can be very promising for γ-dosimetry in medical practice during
radiation therapy of patients with cancer. The presence of lithium
Li(6) and boron B(10) isotopes increases the sensitivity of LiB3O5:Ag glass to neutrons, which is promising
for the manufacture of individual neutron dosimeters for applications
in a new field of radiation therapy–neutron therapy.
Stacking architecture for collimated backlight using cylindrical lens sheet with linear light sources or edge-lit/direct-lit BLU
Authors: Chang Chi-Jui , Wu Chin-Chuan , Chen Po-Jui , Lee Wei-Kai , Tsai Cheng-Ting , Su Guo-Dung J. , Cheng Sheng-Wen , Liao Ren-Wei , Dong Ren-Lang , Wu Chung-Chih
Published: March 2024

Highly collimated and directional backlights are essential for realizing advanced display technologies such as autostereoscopic 3D displays. Previously reported collimated backlights, either edge-lit or direct-lit, in general still suffer unsatisfactory form factors, directivity, uniformity, or crosstalk etc. In this work, we report a simple stacking architecture for the highly collimated and uniform backlights, by combining linear light source arrays and carefully designed cylindrical lens arrays. Experiments were conducted to validate the design and simulation, using the conventional edge-lit backlight or the direct-lit mini-LED (mLED) arrays as light sources, the NiFe (stainless steel) barrier sheets, and cylindrical lens arrays fabricated by molding. Highly collimated backlights with small angular divergence of ±1.45°∼±2.61°, decent uniformity of 93-96%, and minimal larger-angle sidelobes in emission patterns were achieved with controlled divergence of the light source and optimization of lens designs. The architecture reported here provides a convenient way to convert available backlight sources into a highly collimated backlight, and the use of optically reflective barrier also helps recycle light energy and enhance the luminance. The results of this work are believed to provide a facile approach for display technologies requiring highly collimated backlights.
Differentiation of acanthamoeba keratitis from other non-acanthamoeba keratitis: Risk factors and clinical features
Authors: Alreshidi Shaker Osaywid , Vargas José Manuel , Ahmad Khabir , Alothman Ahmed Yousef , Albalawi Eman D. , Almulhim Abdulmohsen , Alenezi Saad Hamdan , ALBalawi Hani Basher , Alali Naif Mamdouh , Hashem Faris , Aljindan Mohanna
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Infectious Keratitis is one of the most common ocular emergencies seen by ophthalmologists. Our aim is to identify the risk factors and clinical features of Acanthamoeba Keratitis (AK).

Methods

This retrospective chart review study was conducted at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and included all the microbial keratitis cases, male and female patients of all ages. The main outcome is the differentiation between various microbial keratitis types.

Results

We included 134 consecutive eyes of 126 persons. We had 24 cases of acanthamoeba keratitis, 22 bacterial keratitis, 24 fungal keratitis, 32 herpetic keratitis, and 32 bacterial co-infection. Contact lens wear was found in 33 eyes (24.6%). Among acanthamoeba keratitis patients, 73% were ≤ 39 years of age, and 73% were females (P <0.001). Also, in AK cases, epithelial defect was found in all cases (100%), endothelial plaques were found in 18 eyes (69.2%), 12 cases had radial keratoneuritis (46.2%), and ring infiltrate was found in 53.8% of AK cases.

Conclusions

We determined the factors that increase the risk of acanthamoeba infection and the clinical characteristics that help distinguish it from other types of microbial keratitis. Our findings suggest that younger females and patients who wear contact lenses are more likely to develop acanthamoeba keratitis. The occurrence of epitheliopathy, ring infiltrate, radial keratoneuritis, and endothelial plaques indicate the possibility of acanthamoeba infection. Promoting education on wearing contact lenses is essential to reduce the risk of acanthamoeba infection, as it is the most significant risk factor for this infection.
Can access to urban networks promote urban development? Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta region of China
Authors: Ding Liang , Yang Zhiqiong , Zhang Junshen , Chen Yahui , Wang Xiaohan
Published: March 2024

The regional networking strategy is widely implemented in China as a normative policy aimed at fostering cohesion and enhancing competitiveness. However, the empirical basis for this strategy remains relatively weak due to limitations in measurement methods and data availability. This paper establishes the urban networks by the enterprise investment data, and then accurately measures the network’s external effects of each city by the method of MGWR model. The results show that: (1) Regional networking plays a significant role in urban development, although it is not the dominant factor. (2) The benefits of network connections may vary depending on the location and level of cities. (3) The major cities assume a pivotal role in the urban network. Based upon the aforementioned research conclusions, this paper presents strategic measures to enhance the network’s external impacts, aiming to offer insights for other regions in formulating regional development strategies and establishing regional urban networks.
The 84-bp Indel Polymorphism of The Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 1 (SREBP1) Gene in Several Cattle Breeds in Indonesia
Authors: Anwar Saiful , Putra Widya Pintaka Bayu , Khaerunnisa Isyana , Wulandari Ari Sulistyo , Prihatin Koko Wisnu , Sutikno Sutikno
Published: March 2024

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) gene is a gene that encodes SREBP1, a family of transcription factors that have a key role in lipid homeostasis as well as fatty acid metabolisms. The present study aimed to detect the 84-bp indel polymorphism in the intron 5 of the SREBP1 gene (84-bp indel) in several cattle breeds in Indonesia.Â  A total of 740 cattle of six breeds (Limousin, Simmental, Holstein-Friesian, Bali, Sumbawa, and Pasundan) from two National Artificial Insemination Centers (NAICs) and smallholder farmers were used in this study. The detection of 84-bp indel polymorphism was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and visualized through a gel agarose electrophoresis system. The study showed that the L allele (insertion-type) was common and is fixed in Holstein-Friesian, Bali, and Sumbawa cattle (1.00). Meanwhile, the S allele (deletion-type) was found in Limousin, Simmental, and Pasundan cattle with a frequency of 0.24, 0.16, and 0.01, respectively. The presence of the S allele in Pasundan cattle was only found in the form of the heterozygous LS genotype (0.03). In conclusion, the 84-bp indel of the SREBP1 gene was found to be polymorphic in Limousin, Simmental, and Pasundan cattle, but monomorphic in Holstein-Friesian, Bali, and Sumbawa cattle.
Influence of Region on Some Reproductive Parameters in Ouled Djellal Sheep
Authors: Mohammed Titaouine , Gherissi D E , Moussa Chergui , Hanane Mohamdi
Published: March 2024

The present study aims to assess the reproductive performance of Ouled Djellal ewes at four different Biskra locations: El Hadjeb, SidiOkba, Ouled Djellal, and Chaiba.Â  All flocks were kept under extensive management.Â  For this study, 357 clinically healthy and non-pregnant Ouled Djellal ewes have been used.Â  Mating was practiced in an accessible mode, conducted over two months: May and June 2015 (61 days) for all herds. Â The total number of lambing ewes and lambs in all flocks was determined during the lambing period. We compared fertility, fecundity, and prolificacy rates using the Ï‡2 test to verify the relationshipbetween the measured rates and the four sites and multiple comparisons that revealed significant differences.Â  The variables assessed in this study encompassed fecundity, prolificacy, and fertility.Â  The overall mean values obtained were 78% for fecundity, 117% for prolificacy, and 92% for fertility. These averages were significantly lower than those observed in intensively managed herds. Â However, the lowest rates were recorded at site 4 (Chaiba), with65% for fertility, 109% for prolificacy, and 71% for fecundity.Â  The results of this study clearly show that the region has a significant effect on fertility (P= 0.001) and fecundity (P= 0.0001) but no significant effect on the prolificacy rate (P= 0.074).
Rare FLG mutation associated with severe atopy
Authors: Al Shaqaq Azhar , Li Lucy Dong Xuan , Merico Daniele , Upton Julia E. M.
Published: March 2024

Background: The prevalence of atopic disease, which consists of conditions such as atopic dermatitis, allergies, and asthma, has been on the rise in recent decades. In children, atopic dermatitis often acts as an initial manifestation of atopic disease and frequently precedes the development of food allergies, asthma, and allergic rhinitis. Mutations in the FLG gene, encoding the fillagrin precursor profillagrin, serve as a genetic risk factor for these diseases. Approximately 25%–50% of individuals with atopic dermatitis carry FLG mutations. It has been proposed that FLG mutations exhibit variations specific to different populations, indicating distinct patterns within each population.

Severe allergic symptoms could indicate the presence of an underlying immunodeficiency or immune dysregulation and in patients with severe, early-onset, or simultaneous allergic conditions, these could be suggestive of an underlying Primary Atopic Disorder. Specifically, the allergic triad characterized by elevated IgE levels, eosinophilia, and eczema is a common feature in various inborn errors of immunity that could be mistakenly diagnosed as severe allergic conditions.

Method: Our patient’s medical record was analyzed retrospectively, including her medical history, as well as results from immune laboratory tests and genetic analyses.

Results: We present a 9-year-old female of mixed ethnicity with a history severe eczematous rash diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. Whole exome sequencing analysis revealed an initially novel heterozygous variant in the FLG gene (NM_002016: EXON3:c.C2218T: p.R740X).

Conclusion: Healthcare providers caring for patients with atopic dermatitis and recurrent staphlococcus infections should be aware of the significant link between filaggrin gene mutations and the development of severe, persistent atopic dermatitis that begins in childhood, as well as its association with recurring staphlococcus infections. Additionally, they should keep in mind that certain inborn errors of immunity may predominantly manifest as severe and treatment-resistant atopic disorders.

Statement of novelty: We have identified a rare variant in the FLG gene associated with severe atopic dermatitis and allergies.
Simulated microgravity increases CD226+Lin−CD117−Sca1+ mesenchymal stem cells in mice
Authors: Zhou Wenjing , Li Yi , Hou Yongli , Dan Wenli , Chen Lihua , Shi Fei , Zhao Fang , Fang Liang
Published: March 2024

Microgravity is one of the most common causes counting for the bone loss. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) contribute greatly to the differentiation and function of bone related cells. The development of novel MSCs biomarkers is critical for implementing effective therapies for microgravity induced bone loss. We aimed to find the new molecules involved in the differentiation and function of MSCs in mouse simulated microgravity model. We found CD226 was preferentially expressed on a subset of MSCs. Simulation of microgravity treatment significantly increased the proportion of CD226+Lin−CD117−Sca1+ MSCs. The CD226+ MSCs produced higher IL‐6, M‐CSF, RANKL and lower CD200 expression, and promoted osteoclast differentiation. This study provides pivotal information to understand the role of CD226 in MSCs, and inspires new ideas for prevention of bone loss related diseases.
The Turkish Constitutional Court and Turkey’s Democratic Breakdown: Judicial Politics Under Pressure
Authors: Oder Bertil Emrah
Published: March 2024

Under Turkey’s democratic breakdown, the Turkish Constitutional Court offers a case study to identify the dynamics of judicial politics in electoral autocracies. Although the Court has been subject to criticism regarding its low commitment to the political pluralism and rights-based approach previously, the current situation presents itself differently. It is marked by a massive erosion in democratic qualities including an abuse of the judiciary against dissents in an unprecedented manner. Yet, the Court is still formally independent and empowered through constitutional norms such as the fixed tenure, retirement age, and jurisdiction in crucial matters. Since the institutional guarantees of the Constitutional Court are untouched, it has still the potential to become a major political player. Therefore, its study may also contribute to the comparative scholarship on the role of constitutional review under new pressures of the third wave autocratization that contraction and expansion dynamics of judiciaries can be better understood. The present study aims to feature the judicial politics of the Court under Turkey’s current democratic regression by conceptualizing a resistance-deference paradox on the ground politically significant cases.
Corrigendum to: Significance of entropy generation and the Coriolis force on the three-dimensional non-Darcy flow of ethylene-glycol conveying carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs)
Authors: Ullah Ikram , Hayat Tasawar , Aziz Arsalan , Alsaedi Ahmed
Published: March 2024

This corrigendum addresses some typographical mistakes and errors in published article “Significance of entropy generation and the Coriolis force on the three-dimensional non-Darcy flow of ethylene-glycol conveying carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs)”. Corrections about some typographical errors and plots of

g

η

$g\left(\eta \right)$

satisfying ambient condition in study (I. Ullah, T. Hayat, A. Aziz, and A. Alsaedi, “Significance of entropy generation and the coriolis force on the three-dimensional non-Darcy flow of ethylene-glycol conveying carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs),” J. Non-Equilibrium Thermodyn., vol. 47, pp. 61–75, 2022) are presented here.
The 34th German CFD network of competence meeting: numerical 3D simulation of reactor primary cooling circuit and containment flows
Authors: Papukchiev Angel , Schramm Berthold , Herb Joachim
Published: March 2024

The 34th German CFD Network of Competence Meeting was held in March 2023 at the Gesellschaft für Anlagen-und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH in Garching, Germany. Twenty-one scientific presentations, distributed in the two sessions “Simulation of Reactor Cooling Circuit Flows” and “Simulation of Reactor Containment Flows” were presented. This paper gives a short summary of the different contributions.
Impact of fluvial discharge on 137Cs in the ocean following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident
Authors: Tsumune Daisuke , Tsubono Takaki , Misumi Kazuhiro , Sakuma Kazuyuki , Onda Yuichi
Published: March 2024

After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (F1NPS) accident, 137Cs activity concentrations have not yet decreased to pre-accident levels because of direct release from the site and fluvial discharges of 137Cs deposited on land. It is necessary to consider dispersion processes in the coastal area to understand the impact of multiple river discharges and direct release. To achieve this goal, we carried out oceanic dispersion simulations that considered direct release and fluvial discharges and compared the results with the annual averages of observed data. We assumed that particulate 137Cs discharged from rivers to the ocean quickly resuspended and re-leached after coagulation and precipitation, and that all of the 137Cs was dispersed. The reproducibility of results was improved by considering fluvial discharges of particulate 137Cs at all sites between 2013 and 2016, except near the F1NPS. In other words, particulate 137Cs discharged from rivers was found to influence the results of ocean surface activity concentrations within a relatively short period of time. The impact of direct release was dominant for the observed 137Cs activity concentrations adjacent to the F1NPS, which was used to estimate direct releases.
Convective flow of a magnetohydrodynamic second-grade fluid past a stretching surface with Cattaneo–Christov heat and mass flux model
Authors: Yasmin Humaira , Shahab Sana , Lone Showkat Ahmad , Raizah Zehba , Saeed Anwar
Published: March 2024

This research delves into dynamics of magnetohydrodynamic second-grade fluid flow influenced by the presence of gyrotactic microorganisms on a stretching sheet. The study takes into account various factors such as thermal radiation, chemical reactivity, and activation energy, all of which contribute to the complex behavior of fluid flow in this system. The interaction between the magnetic field and the fluid, combined with the biological aspect introduced by gyrotactic microorganisms, adds complexity to the overall analysis. The mathematical model is presented in the form of partial differential equations (PDE)s. Using the similarity variables, the modeled PDEs are transformed into ordinary differential equations. Homotopy analysis method is used for the solution of the modeled equations. After a detailed insight into this investigation, it is established that the velocity distribution declined for growth in magnetic factor and second-grade fluid parameter. The thermal characteristics are augmented for the greater values of radiation, thermophoretic and Brownian motion factors, while these profiles are weakened for upsurge in thermal relaxation time factor and Prandtl number. The concentration characteristics declined with the enhancement in Schmidt number, mass relaxation time, chemical reaction, and Brownian motion factors, while they amplified with enhancement in activation energy and thermophoresis factors. The microorganisms’ profiles are the declining functions of bioconvection Lewis and Peclet numbers. This study included a comparative analysis, which aligns closely with existing research, demonstrating a strong concordance with established findings.
Analysis and development of a sensor concept for multistable actuators with passive magnetic shape memory alloy
Authors: Fleischmann Patrick , Happel Julius , Gundelsweiler Bernd
Published: March 2024

Based on the current state of research, the aim of this paper is to develop a position sensor for actuators using passive magnetic shape memory alloys. The presented sensor concept converts the strain dependent permeability of the magnetic shape memory alloy into an inductance change by using a sensor coil arrangement. The change in inductance of the sensor coil is converted into a change in the resonant frequency of a parallel oscillating circuit. A microcontroller detects the resonant frequency of the circuit and converts it into a position sensor signal. To evaluate the functionality of the sensor, a test rig is developed that deforms the magnetic shape memory element under realistic application conditions. Experimental measurements in a climate chamber are used to evaluate the performance and characteristics of the sensor. The characteristic, temperature drift and hysteresis behavior are analyzed. It is proven that the presented sensor concept can be used to determine the position of passive magnetic shape memory alloy actuators.
Spectral Slope and Lempel–Ziv Complexity as Robust Markers of Brain States during Sleep and Wakefulness
Authors: Höhn Christopher , Hahn Michael A. , Lendner Janna D. , Hoedlmoser Kerstin
Published: March 2024

Nonoscillatory measures of brain activity such as the spectral slope and Lempel–Ziv complexity are affected by many neurological disorders and modulated by sleep. A multitude of frequency ranges, particularly a broadband (encompassing the full spectrum) and a narrowband approach, have been used especially for estimating the spectral slope. However, the effects of choosing different frequency ranges have not yet been explored in detail. Here, we evaluated the impact of sleep stage and task engagement (resting, attention, and memory) on slope and complexity in a narrowband (30–45 Hz) and broadband (1–45 Hz) frequency range in 28 healthy male human subjects (21.54 ± 1.90 years) using a within-subject design over 2 weeks with three recording nights and days per subject. We strived to determine how different brain states and frequency ranges affect slope and complexity and how the two measures perform in comparison. In the broadband range, the slope steepened, and complexity decreased continuously from wakefulness to N3 sleep. REM sleep, however, was best discriminated by the narrowband slope. Importantly, slope and complexity also differed between tasks during wakefulness. While narrowband complexity decreased with task engagement, the slope flattened in both frequency ranges. Interestingly, only the narrowband slope was positively correlated with task performance. Our results show that slope and complexity are sensitive indices of brain state variations during wakefulness and sleep. However, the spectral slope yields more information and could be used for a greater variety of research questions than Lempel–Ziv complexity, especially when a narrowband frequency range is used.
Synchrony in Networks of Type 2 Interneurons Is More Robust to Noise with Hyperpolarizing Inhibition Compared to Shunting Inhibition in Both the Stochastic Population Oscillator and the Coupled Oscillator Regimes
Authors: Baravalle Roman , Canavier Carmen C.
Published: March 2024

Synchronization in the gamma band (25–150 Hz) is mediated by PV+ inhibitory interneurons, and evidence is accumulating for the essential role of gamma oscillations in cognition. Oscillations can arise in inhibitory networks via synaptic interactions between individual oscillatory neurons (mean-driven) or via strong recurrent inhibition that destabilizes the stationary background firing rate in the fluctuation-driven balanced state, causing an oscillation in the population firing rate. Previous theoretical work focused on model neurons with Hodgkin's Type 1 excitability (integrators) connected by current-based synapses. Here we show that networks comprised of simple Type 2 oscillators (resonators) exhibit a supercritical Hopf bifurcation between synchrony and asynchrony and a gradual transition via cycle skipping from coupled oscillators to stochastic population oscillator (SPO), as previously shown for Type 1. We extended our analysis to homogeneous networks with conductance rather than current based synapses and found that networks with hyperpolarizing inhibitory synapses were more robust to noise than those with shunting synapses, both in the coupled oscillator and SPO regime. Assuming that reversal potentials are uniformly distributed between shunting and hyperpolarized values, as observed in one experimental study, converting synapses to purely hyperpolarizing favored synchrony in all cases, whereas conversion to purely shunting synapses made synchrony less robust except at very high conductance strengths. In mature neurons the synaptic reversal potential is controlled by chloride cotransporters that control the intracellular concentrations of chloride and bicarbonate ions, suggesting these transporters as a potential therapeutic target to enhance gamma synchrony and cognition.
PTPN11/Corkscrew activates local presynaptic MAPK signaling to regulate Synapsin, synaptic vesicle pools, and neurotransmission strength, with a dual requirement in neurons and glia
Authors: Leahy Shannon N. , Vita Dominic J. , Broadie Kendal
Published: March 2024

Cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11) andDrosophilahomolog Corkscrew (Csw) regulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway via a conserved autoinhibitory mechanism. Disease causing loss-of-function (LoF) and gain-of-function (GoF) mutations both disrupt this autoinhibition to potentiate MAPK signaling. At theDrosophilaneuromuscular junction (NMJ) glutamatergic synapse, LoF/GoF mutations elevate transmission strength and reduce activity-dependent synaptic depression. In both sexes of LoF/GoF mutations, the synaptic vesicles (SV) colocalized Synapsin phosphoprotein tether is highly elevated at rest, but quickly reduced with stimulation, suggesting a larger SV reserve pool with greatly heightened activity-dependent recruitment. Transmission electron microscopy of mutants reveals an elevated number of SVs clustered at the presynaptic active zones, suggesting that the increased vesicle availability is causative for the elevated neurotransmission. Direct neuron-targeted extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) GoF phenocopies both increased local presynaptic MAPK/ERK signaling and synaptic transmission strength in mutants, confirming the presynaptic regulatory mechanism. Synapsin loss blocks this elevation in both presynaptic PTPN11 and ERK mutants. However,cswnull mutants cannot be rescued by wildtype Csw in neurons: neurotransmission is only rescued by expressing Csw in both neurons and glia simultaneously. Nevertheless, targeted LoF/GoF mutations in either neurons or glia alone recapitulates the elevated neurotransmission. Thus, PTPN11/Csw mutations in either cell type is sufficient to upregulate presynaptic function, but a dual requirement in neurons and glia is necessary for neurotransmission. Taken together, we conclude PTPN11/Csw acts in both neurons and glia, with LoF and GoF similarly upregulating MAPK/ERK signaling to enhance presynaptic Synapsin-mediated SV trafficking.

Significance statementNoonan syndrome (NS) is, by far, the most common RASopathy; a group of clinically-classified genetic syndromes caused by MAPK pathway alterations: it affects 1 in every 1000-2000 people. Patients present with cognitive deficits caused byPTPN11mutations; with gain-of-function the most common basis for NS, and loss-of-function resulting in NS with multiple lentigines (NSML). We find NS/NSML patient-derived LoF/GoFPTPN11mutations, as well asDrosophilahomologcorkscrewLoF/GoF mutations, all increase presynaptic MAPK signaling, Synapsin turnover, and synaptic vesicle availability at presynaptic release sites. Surprisingly, we findPTPN11/corkscrewto be required in both glia and neurons to control neurotransmission strength. These findings suggest disease interventions manipulating presynaptic vesicle trafficking mechanisms, as well as therapeutic strategies targeting both glia and neurons.
Organismal responses to deteriorating water quality during the historic 2020 red tide off Southern California
Authors: Skelton Zachary R. , McCormick Lillian R. , Kwan Garfield T. , Lonthair Joshua , Neira Carlos , Clements Samantha M. , Martz Todd R. , Bresnahan Philip J. , Send Uwe , Giddings Sarah N. , Sevadjian Jeffrey C. , Jaeger Stephanie , Feit Adriano , Frable Benjamin W. , Zerofski Phillip J. , Torres Melissa , Crooks Jeffrey A. , McCullough Justin , Carter Melissa L. , Ternon Eva , Miller Luke P. , Kalbach Gabriella M. , Wheeler Duncan C. , Parnell P. Ed , Swiney Katherine M. , Seibert Garrett , Minich Jeremiah J. , Hyde John R. , Hastings Philip A. , Smith Jennifer E. , Komoroske Lisa M. , Tresguerres Martin , Levin Lisa A. , Wegner Nicholas C.
Published: March 2024

In April and May of 2020, a large phytoplankton bloom composed primarily of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedra reached historic levels in geographic expanse, duration, and density along the coast of southern California, United States, and Baja California Norte, Mexico. Here, we report the water quality parameters of dissolved oxygen and pH over the course of the red tide, as measured by multiple sensors deployed in various locations along San Diego County, and document the extent of mass organism mortality using field surveys and community science observations. We found that dissolved oxygen and pH corresponded with bloom dynamics, with extreme hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions occurring at multiple locations along the coast, most notably within select estuaries where dissolved oxygen reached 0 mg L−1 and hypoxia occurred for up to 254 consecutive hours, as well as along the inner shelf of the open coast where dissolved oxygen dropped as low as 0.05 mg L−1. Similarly, pH ranged widely (6.90–8.79) across the bloom over both space and time, largely corresponding with dissolved oxygen level. Extreme changes in dissolved oxygen and pH, in addition to changes to other water parameters that affect organismal health, ultimately led to documented mortalities of thousands of demersal and benthic fishes and invertebrates (primarily within estuarine and inner-shelf environments), and long-term surveys within one lagoon showed protracted changes to benthic infaunal density and species composition. In addition to field observations, we also quantified water quality parameters and organism mortalities from four local aquarium facilities, with varying levels of filtration and artificial oxygenation, and documented the morphological changes in the gills of captive-held Pacific sardine in response to the red tide. We show that multiple factors contributed to organismal stress, with hypoxia likely being the most widespread, but not the only, cause of mortality.
Entender con palabras o con la experiencia ¿Es posible un abordaje experiencial de la analogía beuchotiana?
Authors: Barrientos-Rastrojo José
Published: March 2024

El artículo estudia la epistemología o los fundamentos de la interpretación. Tradicionalmente se han enfrentado dos: las que interpretan analíticamente usando conceptos, ideas y palabras, y las que lo hacen desde la vida y señalan que la palabra limita la comprensión de ciertas realidades. Mauricio Beuchot defiende un punto intermedio a partir de la analogía. Sin embargo, se argumenta que esta interpretación se encuentra en del marco analítico y, más allá de ella, es posible realizar un abordaje experiencial de la analogía. Esta aproximación inaugura un modelo de interpretación que integra las dos concepciones de la epistemología mencionadas.
Felnőtt szívtranszplantált betegeket célzó sorstársi mentorprogramok
Authors: Assabiny Alexandra , Otohal József , Ocsovszky Zsófia , Nagy Anna Flóra , Papp-Zipernovszky Orsolya , Dénes Fruzsina , Becker Dávid , Merkely Béla , Pethesné Dávid Beáta , Sax Balázs
Published: March 2024

A szervtranszplantáció folyamata kihívásokkal teli, speciális út mind az
érintettek, mind hozzátartozóik számára. A pszichoszociális tényezőkről közel
fél évszázada tudjuk, hogy jelentősen befolyásolják a transzplantációs
folyamatot. A szívtranszplantált populáció gondozása során a recipiens
együttműködése (adherencia) nélkülözhetetlen, ennek egyik befolyásoló faktora a
társas támogatás. Számos más betegcsoportban alkalmaznak sorstársi támogatásra
épülő intervenciókat, úgynevezett sorstársi mentorprogramokat. Ezek fő céljai az
ellenőrzött információátadás, valamint a lelki támogatás. Összefoglaló
közleményünk célja a sorstársi mentorprogramokról szóló nemzetközi publikációk
áttekintése a felnőtt-szívtranszplantációs programok gyakorlatában. Orv Hetil.
2024; 165(10): 379–384.
More on the Gudgeon
Authors: Sayers William
Published: March 2024

A short etymological discussion of the name for a popular fresh-water fish.
Occupational complexity of paid work and housework, and its impact on the cognitive performance in community dwelling older adults, preliminary results
Authors: Feldberg Carolina , Barreyro Juan Pablo , Quián Maria del Rosario , Hermida Paula Daniela , Ofman Silvia Deborah , Irrazabal Natalia Carolina , Tartaglini María Florencia , Serrano Cecilia
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT Work and activity could be an important source of cognitive enrichment. Activities that are more challenging concerning the cognitive functions that are put into practice are associated with lower risk of cognitive decline in old age. Objective: The present study aimed to assess the impact of occupational complexity and household tasks in three cognitive domains (verbal episodic memory, language, and executive functions) in older adults residing within the community. Methods: A trail analysis was executed, using the structural equations procedure in 120 participants assessed with main lifetime occupational activity and household tasks questionnaire, as well as a neuropsychological assessment battery for memory, language, and executive functions. Results: The regression weights analysis indicated that complexity in household chores showed moderate effects on executive functions (β=0.19; p=0.027) and that occupational complexity of paid work showed effects on memory (β=0.26; p=0.008), language (β=0.38; p<0.001), and executive functions (β=0.55; p<0.001). Conclusion: Paid work promotes cognitive reserve, contrary to household activities which seem to have a moderate impact on cognition. Differences in activity complexity not only impact people´s economic and social status and possibilities but can also determine different courses of aging and cognitive risk.
Polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medications, and the vulnerability of older adults
Authors: Andrade Raquel Coelho de , Santos Maíra Mendes dos , Ribeiro Euler Esteves , Santos Júnior James Dean Oliveira dos , Campos Hércules Lázaro Morais , Leon Elisa Brosina de
Published: March 2024

Abstract Objective To analyze the frequency of polypharmacy and the prescription of Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIM) according to the Beers Criteria and CBMPI in older adults with clinical-functional vulnerability. Method This is a cross-sectional study where the medical records of 496 participants aged 60 and older, seen in their first appointment at a Gerontological Polyclinic, were analyzed. Sociodemographic data, medications, the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 (IVCF-20), and falls were extracted from the medical records. Polypharmacy was defined as the simultaneous use of five or more medications. Participants were classified into three groups: robust, at risk, and vulnerable. Results The analysis revealed that 69 (13.91%) participants were using polypharmacy. Among polypharmacy users, 40 (57.97%) were using at least one PIM. The most commonly found PIM were glibenclamide and omeprazole, respectively. Older adults with vulnerability were three times more likely to have polypharmacy (OR 3.59; 95% CI 2.109-6.092). Conclusion The use of polypharmacy and PIM in this study was associated with the vulnerability of older adults, emphasizing the need for a thorough evaluation of medication prescriptions for this population.
DIATOPIC VARIATION OF BRAZILIAN SOCCER PHRASEOLOGISMS OPEN THE SCORE AND HOME TEAM
Authors: SALVADOR Carlene Ferreira Nunes , RAZKY Abdelhak
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT The present paper aims at describing and mapping the diatopic variation found in the pairs of phraseologisms of Brazilian soccer — abrir o placar (open the score) e time da casa (home team). The theoretical framework adopted is limited to the French school of phraseological studies based on Mejri (1997, 2009, 2012), who points out basic properties of recognition of these structures: polylexicality, fixity, congruence, frequency, predictability and idiomaticity. Regarding the phenomenon of diatopic variation, we adopt the conception of Coseriu (1980), Chambers and Trudgill (1980), as well as Razky and Guedes (2015) regarding the issue of linguistic grouping, in addition to Corpas Pastor (1996) and Garcia-Page (2008) in the treatment of phraseological variation. The sample considered includes soccer written texts published in the period from 2008 to 2015 and extracted from the column Caderno de Esportes of five Brazilian electronic newspapers. The results show two variants for time de casa and six for abrir o placar. The analysis points to a diatopic configuration of the selected phraseologisms with a characteristic use of figurative language.
ACTIVE LEARNING METHODOLOGIES IN ENGLISH CLASSES: INTERACTION IN A VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: SILVA Carolina Morais Ribeiro da , FIGUEIREDO Francisco José Quaresma de
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT The coronavirus pandemic has intensified the creative use of technological resources that significantly promote dynamic communication among learners. This study investigated the contribution of active methodologies in remote English language classes for the interaction between basic level learners. Based on this goal, we analyzed the resources that promote the linguistic development of students through interaction in virtual environments, based on studies on active methodologies on learning, interaction and teaching of foreign languages and sociocultural theory. Data were generated from an online questionnaire applied to students, interactions in the Google Classroom environment, and the field observation journal of synchronous interactions in Google Meet and were analyzed in the light of grounded theory. By contrasting the instruments, we obtained three global categories that emerged from the comparison and contrast between them: flexibility, autonomy, and interaction. The categories showed that creative tasks developed through active methodologies, such as video production, autonomous activities such as prior access to video classes and flexible tasks such as the activities available in the weekly forums, allowed learners to identify possible errors regarding the use of the language and collaborate with colleagues, solving problems collaboratively and answering questions. The results confirm the contributions of active methodologies in the online environment.
LINGUAGEM INCLUSIVA EM CONTEXTO DIDÁTICO-DIGITAL: UMA ANÁLISE DE IDEOLOGIAS LINGUÍSTICAS EM VIDEOAULA E COMENTÁRIOS ON-LINE
Authors: SILVA Williany Miranda da , LAURENTINO João Vitor Bezerra
Published: March 2024

RESUMO Este artigo objetiva identificar e analisar ideologia linguística subjacente ao tratamento teórico concedido à linguagem inclusiva em contexto didático-digital (videoaula e comentários on-line) de Língua Portuguesa, a partir de perspectivas teóricas da Linguística Antropológica (Irvine; Gal, 2000; Kroskrity, 2004), de teorias queer (Butler, 2003; Pinto, 2014) e da Linguística (Câmara Jr., 1970; Castilho; Elias, 2015). A justificativa desse estudo está no enfoque em contextos didático-digitais de larga audiência, enquanto espaços para difusão e embate de ideologias linguísticas que regulam publicamente a língua, tornando relevante a discussão empreendida. O contexto didático-digital pesquisado se dá pela publicação de videoaulas sobre linguagem inclusiva através do canal Português com Letícia, no YouTube. Considerando que os objetos empíricos estão inseridos na virtualidade com registros textuais e audiovisuais, a investigação é documental sob inspiração netnográfica. Os resultados apontam a existência de confronto entre ideologias linguísticas, uma em favor da linguagem inclusiva, outra apoiada numa perspectiva conservadora para o tratamento da língua. O embate entre ambas é tensionado por uma ordem prescritivista que anula variedades possíveis nos usos linguísticos para fins comunicativos e inclusivos, tomando como base percepções enraizadas e naturalizadas na mentalidade do senso do comum, desde a formulação dos ideais do colonialismo.
‘NEC’ DISCOURSE STRUCTURING PARTICLE (LATIN) ENDURED IN CONTEMPORARY PORTUGUESE ‘NEM’
Authors: GOMES Ana Paula Quadros
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT Contemporary Portuguese does not have a direct negator for D-quantifiers (*‘Não cada cachorro late’ ‘Not every dog barks’) (Souza, 2017); but a combination of ‘todo’ with ‘nem’, derived from Latin’s ‘nec’ (‘Nem todo cachorro late’/ ‘Not all dogs bark’), apparently yields a universal negation reading (¬∀). However, ‘nem’ is restrained to the very beginning of the sentence (*‘Eu não vi nem todo cachorro correr’ ‘I didn’t see every dog run’), or follows a topic (‘À minha aula, nem todo aluno veio’ ‘To my class, not every student came’) (Peres 2013). Following Gianollo (2020), ‘nem todo’ is analyzed as a discourse structuring particle. ‘Nem’ contains an additive layer over a negation component. It denies the maximization presupposition triggered by the universal quantifier, linking the new information given by the pronounced sentence to previously established contextual information. ‘Nem todo’ instructs the conversation participants to correct their common ground expectations about the participation of the entire nominal domain in the situation. By ‘nem’s distribution in Brazilian Portuguese today and its presence from the XV century to the XXI century, ‘nec’ as a discourse structuring particle did not disappear in romance languages, contrary to Gianollo (2020).