bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A response to the statement on learning disability nursing
Authors: Jukes Mark
Published: November 2016

After 18 months, can we say that it was all worth it? — the time, not to mention the expense, spent analysing the 366 responses to the outcome of the consensus conference held to debate the future of learning disability nursing. The make-up of the panel and the ‘invited-only’ nature of the delegates made it an elitist conference set up by default.
Developing a knowledge base for transcultural nursing
Authors: McGee Paula
Published: November 2016

Transcultural nursing must be seen as an important issue in nursing if the profession is to meet the health care needs of the diverse groups which make up our society. There is considerable evidence that ethnic minority groups often do not receive appropriate care either because professionals lack the necessary knowledge or because services are not designed to meet their particular needs (Evers et al, 1988; National Association of Health Authorities, 1988; McGee, 1992).
Choosing the correct stoma appliance
Authors: Black Patricia
Published: November 2016

There is a bewildering supply of stoma appliances on the market that are available on the Drug Tarriff, IX part C, so how does the health professional make an objective choice? A new stoma patient, with no previous experience of stoma appliances, has to rely on the advice of ward staff or the stoma care nurse. It is therefore necessary for nurses to be aware of the choices that are available.
Nurses' attitudes towards computerisation in intensive care
Authors: Large Wayne
Published: November 2016

This study examined the attitudes of 30 intensive care nurses towards computerisation. The three objectives of the study were to determine whether the nurses felt that computers could enhance patient care, either directly or indirectly, and whether the use of computers for routine tasks could save them time.
Treatment of mixed aetiology leg ulcers
Authors: Young Trudie
Published: November 2016

Leg ulcers that have a mixed arterial and venous component are not always amenable to the solutions currently available. This article examines some of the research-based treatment options.
Factors influencing job satisfaction among nurses
Authors: Grant Gordon , Nolan Mike , Maguire Brian , Melhuish Edward
Published: November 2016

This article considers the results of an opinion survey of nurses working in Gwynedd, North Wales. Present changes to the structure and function of the NHS are heightening concerns and eroding the strengths of the profession. Action is needed if nursing's move towards enhanced professional status is to be maintained.
Shaping a healthier future in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Chavasse Judith
Published: November 2016

The health services in Ireland are to be radically reoriented towards the principles enunciated by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1978) at Alma Ata. Plans have been laid out in a recently published document entitled Shaping a Healthier Future: A Strategy for Effective Health Care in the 1990s (Department of Health, 1994). The strategy is based on the values of equity, quality and accountability. It identifies the revised aims of the health services as being more clearly focused on improvements in health status and quality of life, especially for those in need of long-term support, and describes the reshaping of the organisational structures necessary to achieve this. National objectives to operationalise the strategy have been set within a 4-year action plan.
Meeting continuing professional education needs
Authors: Thomson Linda AM
Published: November 2016

Nursing and midwifery practitioners still face a limited choice in satisfying their learning needs. This article describes a collaborative venture to resolve this problem. A clinically oriented, flexible opportunity now provides study to an advanced level of practice through a distance-learning programme. This student-centred, continuing professional educational programme is problem and practice oriented.
Epidural analgesia
Authors: Jacques Angela
Published: November 2016

Epidural analgesia is becoming a more popular method of pain control. However, in order for it to be used effectively and safely nurses need to know how to monitor the patient and to be aware of the complications and side effects that could arise.
The notion of respect in Asian traditions
Authors: Sugirtharjah Sharada
Published: November 2016

There is a growing recognition that caring for patients from diverse cultural backgrounds requires some understanding of the religious beliefs, practices, values and norms that influence their way of life. This article focuses on the notion of respect and how it is expressed by Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims.
Changing attitudes to sun exposure
Authors: van der Weyden Rogier
Published: November 2016

An understanding of the historical context and the psychological rationale for sunbathing is a prerequisite to designing effective health education strategies. The apparent destruction of the ozone layer, with an increase in the incidence of skin cancers, has brought this issue to the fore.
Education for management: a contingency approach
Authors: Hewison Alistair , Dodwell Mahrokh
Published: November 2016

There are many changes currently facing the nursing profession. Creative approaches are needed to meet the challenges these represent. The combined nature of a contingency management approach offers one way of achieving a positive outcome for the individual, the organisation and the patient.
Will nurses get a better deal under a Labour government?
Authors: Farmer Elizabeth
Published: November 2016

Will nurses back the Labour Party's strategic plan for the ‘health and wealth of the nation in the 21st century’ (Labour Party, 1994), or will it be viewed as a recipe for more change and more uncertainty? The Labour Party's proposals are prefaced by a decription of the ‘extensive damage caused to the NHS by the Government’.
Intrasite Gel: a hydrogel dressing
Authors: Williams Clare
Published: November 2016

Intrasite Gel is a hydrogel designed for the debridement of necrotic tissue and effective desloughing, clearing the way for effective wound healing. It is also designed for wounds that are granulating and epithelialising. (Intrasite Gel is a trademark for Smith & Nephew Ltd.)
Immediate postoperative recovery: measurement and care
Authors: Lyon Michael H , West Bernice JM
Published: November 2016

When considering the postoperative care of surgical patients, there are three time periods that are important for both the patient's wellbeing and the planning of nursing care. These are termed the immediate recovery period, the intermediate stage of dependency, and the more long-term process of returning to normality. This article concentrates on the first of these stages.
Ethnic Irish older people
Authors: Tilki Mary
Published: November 2016

Older Irish people experience considerable ill health and social deprivation. The absence of a specific Irish ethnicity category from official statistics has led to a failure to identify the needs of this large and elderly population.
Labour opposes performance-related pay
Authors: Bhinkett David
Published: November 2016

According to a recent Gallup Poll for UNISON, 8 July 1994, only 1% of nursing and midwifery staff believe that the Conservative Party has the best policies for the NHS, as against 64% who back Labour's approach. A total of 78% of nurses and midwives would vote Labour in a general election tomorrow, while only 5% would vote Tory.
Profiling and nursing practice
Authors: Conway Jane
Published: November 2016

This article examines profiling, with particular reference to profiling approaches and the use of profiling in preregistration nursing. It also identifies some of the difficulties that have arisen in relation to diary keeping and the use of a competence approach to education. It is taken from and forms part of a working paper produced for West Midland Regional Health Authority on profiles and accreditation of prior experiential learning (Conway, 1994a).
Role of the UKCC's Preliminary Proceedings Committee
Authors: Castledine George
Published: November 2016

As Chairman of the UKCC's Preliminary Proceedings Committee (PPC) I would like to clarify the purpose and procedure of the Committee's work. The PPC was set up following the changes introduced by the Nurses, Midwives and Health Visitors Act 1992. This Act transferred the responsibility for investigating all complaints into practitioners' behaviour from the four national boards to the UKCC. The main reason for this was to make the process of investigation more efficient so that complainants, and especially respondents, would not be kept waiting for a decision.
Encouraging teachers back into clinical practice
Authors: Castledinc George
Published: November 2016

It is interesting that at a time when teacher training is moving back into the classroom, nursing education is moving into higher education.
Long hours, little thanks: valuing the role of nurse educators
Authors: Nolan Mike , Nolan Janet
Published: November 2016

A recently published survey of the use of time by full-time academic and related staff in UK universities (Court, 1994) highlighted concerns about the workload pressures and competing demands faced by staff in academic institutions. Administrative tasks, particularly those associated with the recurrent research and teaching assessment exercises, now constitute an increasingly large proportion of the working week, accounting for a third of all duties.
Nurse/patient communication within a bilingual health care setting
Authors: Wyn Roberts Gwerfyl
Published: November 2016

Communication and the interactions that take place between nurse and patient are the foundation of nursing care. However, in practice, cross-cultural communication is often inadequate and therefore the health care needs of many cultural groups are not being met. An examination of language switching within nurse/patient interaction in a bilingual setting provides a further dimension for the study of cross-cultural communication.
Use of games in the clinical setting as an aid to teaching
Authors: la Cour Jane de
Published: November 2016

Gaming is increasingly being used in nursing curricula as an alternative form of learning in the clinical setting. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the use of games and describes the design of a game for use by any skill mix of staff.
Educating a patient with diabetes about foot care
Authors: Mclntyre Margaret J , McDowell Joan RS
Published: November 2016

Care study

Mrs Rasul is a 55-year-old Asian woman who has had maturity onset diabetes for 17 years. At a hospital clinic appointment she was identified as being at risk of developing a neuropathic foot ulcer. She was referred to the diabetic nurse specialist for education and supervision. She lives at home with her husband, son and daughter. Religious factors dictate that she prays on her knees five times a day, which places pressure on her feet.
Confidentiality, patients and the law
Authors: Korgaonkar Gill , Tribe Diana
Published: November 2016

Doctors and nurses have a legal duty to respect their patients' confidentiality. Failure to do so could lead to removal from the register. This article discusses the issue of confidentiality and highlights the exceptions to the rule.
Patient involvement in resuscitation decisions
Authors: Schutz Susan E
Published: November 2016

The dilemma over whether patients should be involved in resuscitation decisions is a crucial issue as it brings into question some of the fundamental principles on which we base our practice. Nurses have a vital role to play in protecting patients' autonomy.
Book reviews
Authors: MacAlister Lanette , Ashurst Steve , Young Trudie , Ward Tom , Nolan Mike , Gorman Helen , Wilkinson Chris , Walton Jane
Published: November 2016

Confusional States in Older People

Unifying Nursing Practice and Theory

The Care of Wounds

Nursing and Social Policy: Care in Context

Research and Its Application: Advanced Nursing Series

Collaborative Care: Interprofessional, Interagency and Interpersonal

The Clinical Nurse Specialist:Issues in Practice

Critical Care Nursing
Promoting transcultural care in a college of health care studies
Authors: Papadopoulos Irena , Alleyne Jo , Tilki Mary
Published: November 2016

This article describes the steps taken by the North London College of Health Studies to facilitate the development and delivery of culturally sensitive courses. It suggests that transcultural education for transcultural care can only truly be achieved if the organisational ethos, the epistemology which underpins the curriculum and the way that this is structured and taught, articulate together into a cohesive framework to enable the rhetoric to become reality.
Learning from colleagues of different cultures
Authors: Tilki Mary , Papadopoulos Irena , Alleyne Jo
Published: November 2016

Much can be learned about transcultural care from nursing colleagues who belong to minority ethnic groups. If they are willing and adequately empowered these nurses can become effective role models for their colleagues.
Effects of noise in hospitals
Authors: Biley Francis C
Published: November 2016

Excessive noise in health care settings can induce headaches, cause irritability, prolong wound healing and increase sensitivity to pain. Simple measures, such as wearing soft-soled shoes, closing doors to areas with excessive noise (the television or sluice rooms) and choosing equipment with quieter alarms, can improve patient outcomes and result in a better working environment for hospital staff.
Error and trial: the extended role dilemma
Authors: Rieu Sally
Published: November 2016

In spite of recent developments there is still considerable conflict over the definitions of extended role and competency. This article reviews the legal and professional support systems underpinning the adoption by nurses of duties traditionally considered to be doctors' tasks.
Nurse-aid management of hyperthermia
Authors: Walton Jane
Published: November 2016

The previous article in this series looked at hypothermia; this article will examine situations in which the body temperature is raised and indicate how the nurse aider may prevent, recognize and treat the conditions that may arise.
Book reviews
Authors: Jones Jennifer A , MacAlister Lanette , Pajak Enid M
Published: November 2016

Personal Computing for Health Professionals

The Handbook for Hospital Care Assistants and Support Workers

Project 2000: Reflection and Celebration
Comment: Impact of the King's fund report on nutrition 2 years after publication
Authors: Fawcett Helen
Published: November 2016

The King's Fund Report A Positive Approach To Nutrition As Treatment (King's Fund, 1992) generated much interest. However, a recent survey by Hospital Doctor and Nutricia revealed that its impact in hospitals lias been disappointing (Warne, 1994).
Nurse maintenance of oral hygiene
Authors: Thurgood Graham
Published: November 2016

Nurses play an important role in the maintenance of oral hygiene for patients in many different care settings. Oral hygiene is an essential and complex part of patient care and can be influenced by a variety of factors.
Career developments in accident and emergency nursing
Authors: Smith Carol
Published: November 2016

Accident and emergency nursing is an exciting and dynamic career choice. This article reviews the educational and career opportunities available in this specialty.
Trusting in the Future: an agenda for all nurses
Authors: Fox Jane L
Published: November 2016

The Audit Commission report Trusting in the Future: Towards an Audit Agenda for NHS Providers, published on 13 April 1994, may not be many nurses' first choice as bedtime reading. Nonetheless, it does offer insight into two important pillars of government thinking.
Educating nurses for community care
Authors: Hitchen Judith M
Published: November 2016

This article examines the shift in emphasis in community care provision and how this will affect the role of community nurses and contribute to the need for new community nursing skills.
Common problems following stoma surgery
Authors: Black Patricia
Published: November 2016

Although counselling and preoperative siting of the stoma help to eliminate problems following stomal surgery, certain problems may still arise, often when the patient has returned home. Early recognition of these problems and intervention can help to maintain a good quality of life for patients and prevent the condition worsening.
Implementing nurse retention and recruitment programmes
Authors: Castledine George
Published: November 2016

Some of the most commonly expressed fears circulating among nurses are as follows: ‘Registered nurses are being downgraded’; ‘Skill mix is a term that justifies registered nurses being replaced by health care assistants’; ‘Many NHS trusts are concentrating on cost-cutting efficiencies that they can quantify, rather than adding to the quality of the nursing service’; and ‘Nurse education is being cut back with no consideration for future needs.’
Nurse-aid management of casualties of hazardous substances
Authors: Malem Fiona
Published: November 2016

This article aims to assist nurse aiders in the recognition of hazardous substances and suggests some general principles for dealing with people who are injured as a result of coming into contact with such substances.
Implications of nurse prescribing
Authors: Gledhill Elizabeth
Published: November 2016

In many ways the advent of nurse prescribing is a natural progression and addition to the many developments that have occurred in nursing over the last few years. Since the necessary legislation received royal assent in 1992, there has been a great deal of discussion and preparatory work to facilitate the implementation of nurse prescribing.
Definition of nursing: 2
Authors: Roper Nancy
Published: November 2016

In the first article of this two-part series, Nancy Roper attempted to answer the question ‘What is nursing?’ by recollecting past experiences that have formed her view. In this article, she continues her quest by examining current developments in practice and education.
Surface mites in dogs, cats and rabbits
Authors: Craig Mark
Published: November 2016

Mites are small arthropods with a world-wide distribution. They can be parasitic or free-living. Some burrow into the skin of pet animals or live in their hair follicles, while others can be found on the surface of the skin and/or ear. Clinical signs of infestation in dogs, cats and rabbits are variable. Infestations are typically diagnosed by skin scrapings, coat brushings, hair plucks, and tape strips. Readily available veterinary insecticidal products are often effective but may need to be combined with environmental control procedures.
Effects of project-based research work on the career paths of young academics
Authors: Maria Norkus  , Cristina Besio  , Nina Baur
Published: November 2016

This article focuses on the career chances and working conditions of early-stage researchers as an important category of knowledge workers within the academic system in Germany. We analyse the consequences of a crucial element of this system: the trend to work on externally-funded short-term research projects. Temporary employment in projects opens up opportunities for self-fulfilment and self-organisation, but also increases the risk of self-exploitation. There are, however, variations in the advantages and disadvantages depending on disciplinary structures. Moreover, in order to succeed in science the availability of a variety of capitals is necessary. As a consequence, projectification disadvantages social groups with scarce resources.
Dimensions of precariousness: independent professionals between market risks and entrapment in poor occupational careers
Authors: Paolo Borghi  , Guido Cavalca  , Ivana Fellini
Published: November 2016

This article looks at the multifaceted precariousness of independent professionals through a qualitative analysis based in the urban area of Milan (Italy). It supports the hypothesis that at a more advanced stage of independent professionals' careers, the analysis of precariousness as a market risk can be enriched by adding the concept of ‘entrapment’ in vulnerable working paths and working and living conditions to the definition of poor occupational careers. Entrapment can be considered as the long-lasting condition of a large and weak part of young-adult independent professionals beyond the first stages of their careers. Our fieldwork confirms the widespread fragmentation of careers and increasing difficulties for young professionals to improve their positions due to structural economic and organisational changes. Four career dynamics of independent professionals emerge from the qualitative analysis – successful, dynamic, entrapped and temporarily interrupted. Career strategies play a major role in determining successful outcomes, but social relations are confirmed as also crucially important for job success, providing professional networks, welfare support and ‘local professional integration’.
Rejection, adoption or conversion: the three ways of being a young graduate auto-entrepreneur
Authors: Elsa Vivant
Published: November 2016

This article is based on the results of a survey on the use of the new French fiscal regime for small scale business: the Auto-entrepreneur plan. The survey focused on young graduates entering the job market by enrolling in this plan. The article investigates how they adapt to their new situation and finds that auto-entrepreneurs have ambivalent feelings that expose the plan's ambiguities: does it support business creation (and entrepreneurship) or just provide training in entrepreneurial labour? The analysis of the respondents' discourse and the accommodations they make reveals the multiple uses and meanings of the Auto-entrepreneur plan as graduates create identities for themselves and for others in the process of navigating a path through employment, activity, independence and professionalism. Three ideal-typical patterns of the young graduates' social uses of the Auto-entrepreneur plan are identified and discussed: the ‘independent salaried worker’, the ‘entrepreneurial unemployed worker’ and the ‘convert entrepreneur’. This categorisation sheds light on the processes of what appears to be a conversion to entrepreneurial labour, prior to entrepreneurship. Entering the workforce through the Auto-entrepreneur plan promotes a learning and internalisation of new standards of working behaviour, those of entrepreneurial labour (self-promotion, availability, self-learning, adaptation to market constraints, autonomy and accountability) that result in accepting a high degree of insecurity and loss of rights. Faced with this entrepreneurial mandate, each young graduate reacts differently: rejection, adoption or conversion.
Intervention, net neutrality and European Union media policy
Authors: Simpson Seamus
Published: November 2016

Net Neutrality was once in Europe thought to be a technically arcane subject with little policy relevance beyond the United States. However, its dominant articulation as the idea that Internet Service Providers should treat equally communication traffic of a broadly similar kind has emerged as a growing site for policy debate and contestation. Academic understanding of Net Neutrality is still in relative infancy, and work on the subject from a European media policy – and specifically an EU – perspective is in particular need of development. This article argues that current dominant Net Neutrality perspectives and their policy complexities, while valuable, do not provide a comprehensive enough policy context within which to consider the future governance of electronic communication networks and services in a context of network convergence around the Internet. This is because debates on the idea of intervention, which sits at the core of Net Neutrality, have been under-addressed and narrowly focused. This is illustrated in the case of EU policy on Net Neutrality, which, the article finds, has been tentative, often blandly rhetorical and, for the most part, focused on a narrow range of techno-economic matters.
Book Reviews
Authors: Laurence Henry
Published: November 2016

Public service media in Europe: a comparative approach, Karen Arriaza Ibarra, Eva Nowak and  Raymond Kuhn (eds) (2015)

Routledge, New York, 222 pp.

978-1-138-02068-9, p/bk, £31.99
Association of pyuria and positive urine culture in children with urinary tract infection
Authors: Umboh Adrian , Sugoro Andy
Published: November 2016

Background Infections affecting the urinary tract are commonly found in children and responsible as the second cause of morbidity after respiratory tract infections.Objective To detennine the association between pyuria and positive urine culture in children with suspected urinary tract infection (UTI).Methods We reviewed all patients who suffered from suspected UTI with pyuria, aged 1 month to 13 years at the Department of Child Health, Manado Central General Hospital from January 1999 until December 2001.Results Of the 45 patients who suffered from suspected UTI with pyuria, 33 (73%) were proved to have UTI (12 males and 21 females). There was significant association between pyuria of more than 20 white cells per high power field visualized and the incidence of UTI (P <0.05), but no association was found between sex and the incidence of UTI. In patients aged 1 year and older, the rate of UTI was higher in female than male, namely 61 % of females and 30% of males had UTI. The main cause of UTI was Escherichia coli (67%). The most common symptoms were fever (94%), vomiting (76%), and upper abdominal pain (55%).Conclusion There was a significant association between patients whom suspected UTI with pyuria and incidence of UTI.
Anti-S. typhi Vi IgG levels in children with and without typhoid vaccinations
Authors: Sriandayani Sriandayani , Rampengan Tonny H. , Lestari Hesti , Rampengan Novie
Published: November 2016

Background Typhoid fever is endemic to Indonesia, with an annual incidence of 13/10,000 people. Vaccination has been shown to be an effective method to prevent typhoid fever. Of several vaccine types, the polysaccharide Vi vaccine is the most commonly used typhoid vaccine in developing countries. Results of previous studies remain inconclusive on the necessity of revaccination every 3 years.Objective To compare the mean serum anrioody titers of anti-S. typhi Vi IgG and the proportion of children with protective antibody levels between children with and without typhoid Vi vaccination.Methods We conducted a cross-secrional study at Tuminring District, 11anado from June to September 2012. Data was analyzed using independent T-test and Fisher's test. Serum anti-S. typhi Vi IgG levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results Seventy-six subjects were divided into two groups: 38 children who had received the typhoid Vi vaccination more than 3 years prior to this study and 38 children who never had typhoid vaccinations as a control group. No statistically significant difference in age and gender was found between the two groups. The mean serum anti-Vi IgG level was 0.55 ug/mL (SD 0.58; 95%CI 0.36 to 0.74) in the vaccinated group, significantly higher than that of the control group [0.31 ug/mL (SD 0.12); 950/£1 0.17 to 0.44; P􀂥0.0381. The proportion of children with protective antiNi antioody level was higher in the vaccinated group (23.7%) than in the control group  (10.5%), howevet; this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.128).Conclusion The mean serum anti-S. typhi Vi IgG antibody level in children who had been vaccinated more than 3 years prior to the study is higher than in children who had never received typhoid vaccinations. Nevertheless, the mean antibody titers are generally non-protective in ooth groups. Also, the proportion of children with protective antibody levels is not significantly different between the two groups.
Comparative study on microbial enhanced oil recovery using mannosylerithritol lipids and surfactin
Authors: JosÃ© de Andrade Cristiano , Maria Pastore GlÃ¡ucia
Published: November 2016

Worldwide oil production has been declining. Microbial enhanced oil recovery is one of the most important tertiary recovery processes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the surface activity properties of surfactin and mannosylerithritol lipids-B. In our previous studies, surfactin and mannosylerithritol lipids were produced using cassava wastewater as substrate and then purified by ultrafiltration. Thus, this work extends our previous studies. Experiments of surface activity under extreme conditions (temperature, ionic strength and pH), oil displacement, removal of oil from sand and emulsification index were carried out. Central composite rotational design was performed under extreme conditions of temperature, pH and ionic strength. The results indicated that ionic strength significantly affected the surface activity of surfactin. On the other hand, ionic strength, but also temperature and pH significantly affected the tenso activity of mannosylerithritol lipids-B. Regarding oil displacement test, mannosylerithritol lipids-B showed higher clear zone than surfactin. Contrary, in the experiments of removal of crude oil from sand, minimal differences were observed between surfactin and mannosylerithritol lipids-B. Therefore, both surfactin and mannosylerithritol lipids-B showed good surface activity under extreme conditions. In addition, it seems that mannosylerithritol lipids-B is subtly better than surfactin for microbial enhanced oil recovery.
Effects of TiO2 Pretreatments on the Photocatalytic Oxidation of Gas-Phase Aromatic Contaminants
Authors: Lewandowski Michael , Ollis David F.
Published: November 2016

The effects of various halide salt and inorganic acid pretreatments on the photocatalytic destruction of toluene were examined to determine the source of activity enhancements seen previously with HCl pretreatments. Pretreatments with chloride salts (NaCl, KCl) are found to have little influence on photocatalyst activity, suggesting that the presence of an acid is needed. Acid pretreatments either increase (sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric) or decrease (hydrobromic, hydroiodic, and perchloric) the catalyst activity. These results indicate that acidification alone is not responsible for the observed changes in catalyst activity and that both protons and anions influence photocatalyst behavior.
Sequential Extraction and Photocatalytic Recovery of Lead from Model Contaminated Soils
Authors: Borrell-Damian L. , Ollis D. F.
Published: November 2016

This work explores the technical feasibility of a two-step process for the treatment of lead contaminated soils. The first step is an extraction by chelation of lead from soil. The second step is the photocatalytic treatment of the metal-chelate extract with UV radiation and particulate TiO
Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis for Radical Alkylation
Authors: Cermenati Laura , Albini Angelo
Published: November 2016

The TiO
Gas-Phase Photocatalytic Degradation of Trichloroethylene -Relation with Photochemical Reactions
Authors: Murabayashi Masayuki , Itoh Kiminori , Kawamura Kouichi
Published: November 2016

Applications of photocatalytic reactions are now being developed widely for various purposes. These reactions have been especially successful in the remediation of groundwater and soil polluted with organic chlorine compounds. The degradation reactions of these compounds in the gas phase progress fast, but the reaction mechanism is not yet well understood. For example, some unusual phenomena, seen in the effect of the pre-illumination of photocatalysts and that of repeated reactions, have been reported, but the acceleration of the reactions has not been explained based on the surface reactions. For that reason, we studied photochemical reactions and compared them with photocatalytic reactions. We explain the large acceleration of photocatalytic degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in a repeated reaction by taking photochemical reaction into consideration. We also explain the very fast degradation reaction of TCE based on the present results.
Nitrogen Oxides Removal by Using Plate Type Reactor Combined with Catalysts
Authors: Shimizu Kazuo , Oda Tetsuji
Published: November 2016

Non-thermal plasma has been studied to remove nitrogen oxides. In order to improve both high removal and energy efficiency, the combined process of the catalyst with the non-thermal plasma was examined experimentally. Hydrocarbons were added where real exhaust gas contains hydrocarbons from incomplete combustion. However zeolite catalysts have shown NOx adsorption at room temperature. For decreasing the NOx adsorption on the catalyst surface, a plate type reactor, which has mesh electrodes and dielectric barriers inside, has been developed. Adsorption characteristics of zeolite catalyst were investigated by measuring time dependence of NO or NOx concentrations. They were hardly observed in these experiments, since, quantities of catalyst were very small (4-5%) compared to that of wire-cylinder reactor.
Kinetics, Products and Mechanism of Destruction of Ethane in Corona Discharge
Authors: Chernov Anatoli A. , Krishtopa Larisa G. , Korobeinichev Oleg P. , Krasnoperov Lev N.
Published: November 2016

Destruction of ethane in corona discharge was studied using a tubular coaxial wire AC high-voltage dielectric barrier discharge flow reactor coupled to a GC/MS and a quadrupole mass-spectrometer. The experi­ments were performed at ambient temperature (295 ± 3 K) and pressure (1.00 ± 0.04 bar). Mixtures of 12, 109, 1033 and 10000 ppm ethane in synthetic air (21% O
Gas-Phase Photocatalytic Oxidation of Styrene in a Simple Tubular TiO2 Reactor
Authors: Krichevskaya Marina , Preis Sergei
Published: November 2016

Gas-phase photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of styrene was studied. Styrene appeared to poison the photocatalyst easily degrading its PCO efficiency at concentrations above certain level. Below this level no poisoning of the photocatalyst was observed. The presence of humidity extended the photocatalyst’s lifetime. The yield of carbon dioxide also increased in humid air, although lower conversion degrees of styrene were observed. Carbon dioxide was the main gaseous PCO product; carbon monoxide was formed in trace amounts. The apparent styrene PCO rate was independent of temperature at the initial stage of oxidation. However, the PCO rate noticeably increased with temperature at stages close to complete photocatalyst poisoning. The photocatalyst’s activity was entirely restored by UV -irradiation in humid airflow: adsorbed by-products were successfully oxidised. The simultaneous PCO of styrene with oxygenated hydrocarbons-alcohols and ethers-resulted in the photocatalyst poisoning along the same pattern as for styrene alone.
Studies on Decolorization of Textile Dyeing Rinse Wastewaters in Solar Photocatalytic Reactors
Authors: Kanmani s. , Thanasekaran K. , Beck Dieter
Published: November 2016

Two ‘Water Fountain Solar Photocatalytic Reactors’ of trapezoidal and circular configurations were developed and the influence of flow rate on solar photocatalytic decolorization of simulated textile dyeing rinse wastewaters was studied in the range of 1.5L h
Progress in the Visualization of Filamentary Gas Discharges. Part 2: Visualization of DC Positive Corona Discharges
Authors: Mizeraczyk Jerzy , Kanazawa Seiji , Ohkubo Toshikazu
Published: November 2016

Recently the filamentary gas discharges at atmospheric pressure, such as dielectric-barrier and corona discharges regained their importance due to numerous new applications. These new applications impose a demand of better understanding of the fundamentals of the filamentary discharges. As a consequence, during the last ten years an essential progress in the diagnostics of the filamentary discharges has been made. The recent progress in the investigations of the dielectric-barrier discharges by cross-correlation spectroscopy was described in Part 1 of this paper. Part 2 is a survey of the recent progress in the visualization of DC positive corona discharges.
Methane Conversion into C2 Hydrocarbons and Carbon Black in Dielectric-barrier and Gliding Discharges
Authors: Schmidt-Szalowski Krzysztof , Opalinska Teresa , Sentek Jan , Krawczyk Krzysztof , Ruszniak Joanna , Zielinski Tomasz , Radomyska Katarzyna
Published: November 2016

The methane conversion into C
Absorption and Decomposition of CH3CHO in the Cylindrical Foaming System
Authors: Pawtat Joanna , Mizuno Akira , Yamabe Chobei , Polio Iwo
Published: November 2016

Due to the constantly growing air pollution, the new, cheap and effective methods of exhausted gas treatment should be developed. Foaming apparatus for the gas treatment is proposed in this study. The possibility of the treatment of acetaldehyde in the cylindrical foaming reactor is analysed. Despite of the small amount of required liquid, foaming column could be applied not only for polluted gas treatment but also for the purification of the specific types of water and for the wastewater. The electrical discharge might be applied directly in foam, partly consisted of pollutant or/and after or before the foaming zone.
Low Temperature Metallurgy of Tungsten in Plasma Reactors
Authors: Janca Jan , Brožek Vlastimil , Eliáš Marek , Kudrle Vit
Published: November 2016

New plasma chemical reduction techniques of tungsten precursors were investigated in order to produce tungsten powder with a high sintering activity permitting to increase the density of tungsten compact products above the hitherto technological limit. The application of non-isothermic hydrogen plasma allows the initiation of reduction processes at low temperature of neutral gas.
Water Treatment by the Bipolar Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) in Water-Air Mixture
Authors: Ruo-Bing Zhang , Yan Wu , Jie Li , Guo-Feng Li , Teng-Fei Li , Zhi-Gang Zhou
Published: November 2016

Results obtained using a bipolar pulsed DBD reactor for Indigo Carmine (IC) water treatment are reported in this investigation. Effects of such parameters as gas flow rate, solution conductivity, pulse repetitive rate and ect., on color removal efficiency of IC solution were studied. The results showed that color removal efficiency was greatly enhanced by bubbling air into the reactor. Decolorization efficiency of the reactor increased with the increase of the pulse repetitive rate, decreased with the increase of the initial solution conductivity and gap distance. In addition, concentrations of ozone in the effluent gases and hydroxyl peroxide in the aqueous phase were determined and their functions on the decolorization were analyzed.
Comparisons of Solid By-Products Generated from Thermal Plasma Incineration Ash Melting Systems by Plasma Torch and Three-Phase Submerged Arc Processes
Authors: Chang Jen-Shih , Ara M. , Urashima K. , Jimbo H. , Oinuma K.
Published: November 2016

Solid waste disposal has become a major concern since there are a limited number of landfill disposal sites. In the past, incineration of solid wastes was considered a solution to the landfill site limitation since solid waste volume can be reduced to 1/6 by conversion to incinerator ash, and heat and electricity recovery from the incineration processes can be attained. The landfill of fly and bottom ashes has been considered a potential environmental hazard due to leaching of heavy metals from the ashes after landfill, hence recycling them as construction material is beneficial not only economically but also is less impacting on the environment in long term. In this work, two different thermal plasma processes for ash volume reduction (approximately 60 to 70% of the volume of incinerator ashes) based on the plasma torch and submerged three-phase arc processes were compared based on the treatment of ash from the same incineration source. Detailed solid product detoxicity characteristics for each process will be presented and compared.
A Nanostructured YSZ Film Coating by Liquid Suspension Injection into an APS Plasma Flame
Authors: Hwang Changsing , Tzeng Chin-ching
Published: November 2016

In this paper, an atmosphere plasma spray process with a nano-YSZ liquid suspension injection was adopted to produce electrolyte coatings. The process mainly consists of a DC plasma flame generating system and a controllable injection device that injects the atomized nano-YSZ suspension liquid into the plasma flame. Nanostructured coatings produced experimentally are studied by SEM, EDS and XRD techniques. By applying the Scherrer analysis of XRD results, an estimated - 8 n m nano-grain structure is obtained. Experimental apparatus and results will be presented and discussed here.
Influences of Reactor Geometry on Ozone Production with Dielectric Barrier Discharges: Experimental and Simulation Studies
Authors: Lee How Ming , Chang Moo Been
Published: November 2016

This study developed a model to simulate ozone synthesis in dry oxygen streams with a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. Analyzing ozone synthesis chemistry, we found that fast quenching metastable species seems favorable for ozone production. This interpretation was successfully confirmed by the experiment conducted with a packed-bed DBD reactor. Ozone concentration generated by the packed-bed DBD reactor was significantly enhanced compared to non-packed one. Model simulations were carried out to elucidate the effects of reactor geometries on ozone synthesis. Parameters in the simulation include radii of inner and outer electrodes, dielectric thickness, dielectric constant, and discharge gap. More details regarding their effects were extensively discussed in the paper. In brief, a DBD reactor with a thinner dielectric thickness and/ or a greater dielectric constant could achieve higher ozone yields.
A Solution to the Problem of Large Energy Consumption of the De-NOx Process by Non-Thermal Plasma
Authors: Yoshioka Yoshio , Tezuka Taku
Published: November 2016

In order to remove NO from diesel exhaust gas, non-thermal plasma methods have been extensively studied. However, it is known that one of the problems of the de-NOx process by non-thermal plasma is the relatively high energy consumption of the de NOx process. In this paper, we tried to solve this problem by using a water emulsion fuel. Since the use of water emulsion fuel reduces the combustion temperature in the engine, the NO concentration at outlet of the engine should decrease considerably. We prepared a water emulsion fuel with different water content, and carried out NO removal experiments for diesel exhaust gas by both direct discharge and by an ozone injection methods. The experiments showed that a large reduction of discharge power for de-NOx process could be achieved.
Power Supply Systems of Ozone Generators with Magnetic Frequency Multipliers
Authors: Janowski Tadeusz , Stryczewska Henryka Danuta
Published: November 2016

Discharge plasma reactors are very complex technological systems. Power supply is not only inseparable part of this system but also one of the most important. Very often efficient and reliable power system decides about application of the plasma processes on industrial scale. Paper presents transformer type power system of ozone generator, its comparison with other systems from their efficiency point of view and designing directions on the example of 150 Hz supplier.
Measurement of Low Gas Concentration Using Photonic Bandgap Fiber
Authors: Pawłat Joanna , Matsuo Takahiro , Sugiyama Tadashi , Ueda Toshitsugu
Published: November 2016

A high-sensitivity, compact set-up, enabling the precise measurement of a very low concentration of gas was designed. The micro-capillary gas flow phenomenon and the gas absorption inside fiber were estimated. Darcy - Weisbach equation for non-compressible flow and quasi - Panhandle equation for compressible gas flow were used for the calculation of the gas flow rate and gas velocity inside the photonic bandgap fiber. It was assumed that gas flowed mostly in the core. During the experimental part of work several types of optic fiber of various parameters were used. The core diameters ranged from 10.9 to 19.9 μm. It was possible to measure the flow rate of the nitrogen gas inside the fiber with various pressure differences on the opposite ends. Average velocity (Δp = 0.9 atm) ranged 0.17 m/s and was a little bit lower than expected.
Microwave Reactor for Nitrous Oxide Processing
Authors: Krawczyk Krzysztof , Naperty Katarzyna , Drozdowski Michał
Published: November 2016

The processing of nitrous oxide in microwave discharge plasma coupled with gliding discharge was investigated. The studies were carried out in a quartz reactor with diameter of microwave discharge space 13 mm or 6mm. The use of the smaller reaction space enabled to achieve a higher overall conversion rate of N
Discharge Plasma Characteristics in Pure Ar Gas at Multi-Atmospheric Pressure Using the Automatically Pre-Ionized Plasma Electrode
Authors: Yamabe Chobei , Hong Sung-Ki , Satoh Saburoh
Published: November 2016

For the investigation of the possibility of the discharge-pumped Ar
Research on Waste Water Purification by Ozone Treatment and Pulsed Discharge Treatment
Authors: Suda Yoshiaki , Kawasaki Hiroharu , Ohshima Tamiko
Published: November 2016

Ozone treatment and high-voltage pulsed discharge treatment have been performed to purify waste water at several places of sedimentation tanks in Sasebo city. Experimental results suggest that ozone treatment is effective for decreasing the number of colon bacillus and the bacteria count; however, ozone treatment is not very effective for decreasing chemical oxygen demand (COD). Pulsed discharge treatment is not very effective for decreasing both bacteria count and COD. On the other hand, ozone treatment together with pulsed discharge treatment is effective for decreasing not only bacteria count, but also COD. This may be due to the effect of hydroxyl radicals that have stronger oxidizing and bleaching effects than ozone. These results suggest that advanced oxidation processes can be applied effectively to ozone treatment together with pulsed discharge treatment.
Physicochemical Treatment of Three Chemotherapy Drugs: Irinotecan, Tamoxifen, and Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Park Gunyoung , Herckes Pierre , Westerhoff Paul
Published: November 2016

The removal of three chemotherapy drugs including irinotecan, tamoxifen, and cyclophosphamide in water was examined by both physical and chemical treatment processes. Powdered activated carbon (PAC) absorption tests and oxidation by ozone or an advanced oxidation process (hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet irradiation) were conducted on de-ionized water samples spiked with these drugs. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectroscopy was successfully applied for the selective and sensitive determination of these three compounds. Removal of the three selected drugs in water samples by PAC was found to be dependant on PAC dosage. The Freundlich isotherm coefficients revealed the PAC absorption capacity sequence as tamoxifen > irinotecan > cyclophosphamide. Ozone was found to be effective in removing tamoxifen and irinotecan but not able to destroy cyclophosphamide in water. Advanced oxidation processes such as UV/H
Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms Optimization of the Photocatalytic Degradation of Alcian Blue 8GX
Authors: Caliman Florentina A. , Curteanu Silvia , Betianu Camelia , Gavrilescu Maria , Poulios Ioannis
Published: November 2016

An artificial neuronal network (ANN) was developed for predicting the color removal efficiency of the TiO