bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Магнитодинамика разбавленного ферроколлоида в сдвиговом потоке
Authors: Кузнецов Андрей
Published: January 2023

Работа посвящена теоретическому исследованию разбавленной суспензии магнитных наночастиц при совместном действии на неё простого сдвигового течения и постоянного магнитного поля. Основное внимание уделе-но динамике вектора намагниченности системы. Показано, что при любой ненулевой температуре намагниченность за конечное время принимает стационарную ориентацию. Направление намагниченности в общем случае не совпадает с направлением поля. Равновесные и неравновесные компоненты намагниченности рассчитаны как функции двух безразмерных параметров – числа Мейсона (т.е., отношения гидродинамического вращательного момента к магнитному) и числа Пекле (т.е., отношения гидродинамического момента к тепловому).
Болезнь Крона
Authors: Гулиева Арзу
Published: January 2023

Добавление биорегуляторных препаратов повысило эффективность лечения болезни Крона, подтверждаемый результатами лабораторных данных (уменьшение СРБ и кальпротектина) и колоноскопии (уменьшение псевдополипов, расширение илеоцекального клапана и восстановление проходимости кишечника).
Educação e Política nos Anos 30: a Presença de Francisco Campos
Authors: Moraes Maria Célia
Published: January 2023

Discute a presença de Francisco Campos na educação brasileira, nos anos 30, procurando demonstrar de que forma o campo educacional se constituiu em mediação privilegiada para sua estratégia politica mais ampla de construção, no Pais, de um Estado Nacional forte, centralizador e intervencionista. Sua atuação no Ministério dos Negócios da Educação e Saúde Pública (1930-1932), as reformas educacionais que implantou, as alianças que estabeleceu (em Minas Gerais e no âmbito do Executivo federal), estiveram sempre a serviço dessa estratégia. Nesse sentido, ele transformou o campo educacional em palco para a esp/ici/ação de seu projeto politico e ideológico.

Abstract

Discuss the strong presence of Francisco Campos in the brazilian education, in the thirtyes. I shall try, as well, to demonstrate in which ways education has been an important mediation for his broader political strategy building up an interventionist, strong and centralized State Nation in Brazil His role as Secretary of Education and Public Health (1930-1932), his educational reforms, and the political alliences he has established (in the State of Minas Gerais and at the National Administration levei) have always been a relevant support for this strategy. In this context, he succeded in making the field of education a Stage for his political and ideological proposals.

Résumé

Cet article discute là presence de Francisco Campos dans l'éducation brésilienne, pendant les années trente, cherchant démontrer de quelle façon le domaine éducationnel se transforme en médiation privilégiée pour son stratégie politique plus ample de construction au Pays, d'un État National fort, centralisateur et d'intervention. Son travail au Ministere des Affaires de l 'Éducation et Santé Publique (1930-1932), les reformes éducationelles qu 'il a implante, les alliances qu 'il a établi (à Minas Gerais et au domaine federal) ont été toujours à service de cette stratégie. Dans ce sefis, il a transforme le domaine éducationnel en scene pour là explicitation de son projet politique et idéologique.

Resumen

Discute Ia presencia de Francisco Campos en là educación brasileira, en los aiios 30, buscando demonstrar de que forma el campo educacional se coiistituyó en mediación privilegiada para su estratégia política más amplia de construcción, en el País, de un Estado Nacional fuerte, centralizador e intervencionista. Su actuación en elMinisterio de losNegociosde là Educación y Salud Pública (1930-1932), Ias reformas educacionales que implanto, Ias alianzas que estableció (en Minas Gerais y en el âmbito del Ejecutivo Federal), estuvieron siempre a servicio de esa estratégia. En ese sentido, el transformo el campo educacional en el escenario para là explicitación de su proyecto político e ideológico.
Contribuições de uma experiência sobre o conteúdo de Tratamento da Informação no programa Pró- Letramento em Matemática
Authors: Giusti Neura Maria , Justo Jutta
Published: January 2023

A pesquisa investiga as ações e as contribuições de uma formação continuada nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental para a prática pedagógica de 18 professores do município de Vacaria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), envolvendo os conteúdos de Tratamento da Informação (TI), com base no programa Pró-Letramento em Matemática. A pesquisa é qualitativa e tem o estudo de caso como abordagem. A coleta de dados foi composta por questionários, entrevistas, gravações em áudio e análise documental. Os resultados apontaram que a proposta de formação atendeu às expectativas da maioria dos professores de alcançar novos conhecimentos teóricos sobre o conteúdo e seu processo de ensino e aprendizagem, bem como contribuiu para o desenvolvimento de estratégias para a prática pedagógica.
Sujeito, educação e o trabalho com a Língua Portuguesa na escola básica
Authors: Magalhães Tânia , Cyranka Lucia
Published: January 2023

Este trabalho aborda as concepções de sujeito e educação no âmbito do ensino de Língua Portuguesa na educação básica. Retomamos as palavras de Bakhtin (2006), que enfatiza o lugar e a participação do indivíduo no processo de sua constituição como ser social, sujeito às forças exteriores que sobre ele atuam em diferentes níveis e em variadas proporções, capazes de influenciar na sua constituição como membro da comunidade na qual deixa sua marca. Na enunciação, o sujeito está imerso em uma situação social, necessitando, então, adaptar-se ao contexto imediato e aos interlocutores para interagir por meio da linguagem. Nesse sentido, são os gêneros textuais/discursivos que tornam a comunicação humana possível, como formações sócio-históricas firmadas pela interação social. Um ensino que pretende fazer com que o aluno seja capaz de interagir com o outro por meio da oralidade e da escrita deve tomar como objeto tais gêneros para o desenvolvimento da competência discursiva em situações reais. Aí está o verdadeiro sentido de ensinar: fazer com que o aluno seja capaz de interferir na busca de sentidos, tornando-se agente de sua própria história.
Compreensão de diálogo em um processo de construção coletiva do projeto político-pedagógico
Authors: Xavier Rosineide , Szymanski Heloisa
Published: January 2023

Sintetiza uma pesquisa que investigou como gestores, educadores e representantes de uma comunidade da zona norte de São Paulo compreenderam diálogo a partir da experiência de construção coletiva de um projeto político-pedagógico de duas organizações educativas. Fundamentando-se em Martin Buber e Paulo Freire, realizou-se um estudo qualitativo, utilizando-se de entrevista reflexiva coletiva. Os resultados apontaram para a compreensão de diálogo como conversa, participação, silêncio, integração e construção de conhecimento. A construção coletiva do projeto político-pedagógico mostrou a vontade de dialogar e a necessidade de maior disposição para ouvir o outro, desvelando diálogo como caminho de transformação social e busca por reconhecer o valor das relações interpessoais.
Reproductive rights: gender principle
Authors: Paramonov N.V.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to clarifying the issue of reproductive rights and reproductive health of both women and men. It is noted that in society, ideas about the rights of men and women in the field of regulation of reproductive activity and reproductive health have not been properly formed, and in domestic legislation not all aspects in the sphere of realization of reproductive rights of men and women are regulated. It was stated that special attention in the field of regulation of reproductive rights and reproductive health is paid only to the procedure for applying programs of assisted reproductive technologies.

The lack of definition of "reproductive right" and "right to reproductive health" contradicts the existing human rights and freedoms that are enshrined in both women and men. This statement, in turn, leads to discriminatory elements in society. In addition, it was stated that the lack of proper legal registration of the relevant definitions entails a logically related lack of guarantees for the implementation of the above-mentioned rights of men and women, as well as liability for their violation. According to the results of the analysis of existing norms in both national and international law, it was stated that the reproductive rights of men and women are based on fundamental human rights - the right to life, the right to health care, equality between men and women, the right to physical integrity, the right to privacy, the right to personal, family secrets, etc., are derived from fundamental human rights, detail and complement them.

In addition, detailed regulation will be of positive importance both for legal science and for practice, since it will allow to more deeply and fully comprehend the rights of men and women in this area, as well as to acquire the status of independent subjective rights included in the legal status and the institution of fundamental rights and freedoms.
Problems of implementation of decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine
Authors: Romtsiv O.I.
Published: January 2023

One of the urgent problems of the practice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine is the implementation of its acts, the non-solution of which calls into question not only its guarantee of the supremacy of the Constitution of Ukraine as the Basic Law of the state throughout Ukraine, but also the authority of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine as a body of constitutional jurisdiction. The fulfillment by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine of the tasks assigned to it is achieved not so much by adopting the relevant acts as by their implementation and implementation. Without the implementation of decisions and conclusions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, all its previous activities regarding the consideration and resolution of relevant cases are nullified, it simply loses its meaning.

As you know, the acts of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine are self-sufficient, that is, those that are mandatory, final, have a direct effect and do not require confirmation or duplication by any public authorities to enter into force. The obligation to enforce the decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine is a requirement of the Constitution of Ukraine, which has the highest legal force in relation to all other normative legal acts. In accordance with Art. 69 of the Law "On the Constitutional Court of Ukraine", decisions and conclusions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine are equally binding.

The problem is that the current legislation does not define the principles and mechanisms for the execution of decisions and conclusions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. As a result, a significant part of such acts do not find their practical implementation.

It seems that the problems of implementing the prosecution, as well as the implementation of the decision itself, are associated with the lack of a clear control mechanism that would allow to identify the fact of non-compliance with the decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, the result of which could be prosecution.

Also, in the situation of Russian military aggression that has developed today in Ukraine, an important means of ensuring the implementation of acts of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine is to maintain the high authority of the body of constitutional justice, to increase the level of legal awareness and legal culture of citizens, and especially to persons authorized to exercise state power. Important conditions for the effectiveness of the Constitutional Court, including the implementation of its acts, are the establishment in Ukraine of the foundations of a legal, democratic state, as well as ensuring political and socio-economic stability in the country.
The role of the UN and its structures in ensuring transitional justice in post-conflict states
Authors: Teplytska N.
Published: January 2023

Helping societies affected by conflict or emerging from oppressive rule to restore the rule of law and come to terms with widespread human rights abuses, particularly in the context of broken institutions, depleted resources, deteriorating security, and public anxiety and disunity, represents an enormous the problem Transitional justice aims to ensure recognition of victims, strengthen individuals' trust in state institutions, strengthen respect for human rights and promote the rule of law as a step towards reconciliation and prevention of further violations.

Transitional justice processes have repeatedly demonstrated that they can help resolve problems and differences. To this end, such processes should be context-specific, state-responsive, and victim-focused. Then they can unite, empower and transform societies and thus contribute to lasting peace.

For the United Nations system and structure, transitional justice is the full range of processes and mechanisms involved in society's attempt to come to terms with the legacy of massive past abuses in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. Transitional justice processes and mechanisms are a critical component of the United Nations system and structure to strengthen the rule of law.

United Nations rule of law and transitional justice activities include developing standards and best practices, assisting in the development and implementation of transitional justice mechanisms, providing technical, material and financial support, and promoting the mainstreaming of human rights and transitional justice in peace agreements.
Accountability of local government bodies in the conditions of decentralization of power in ukraine: theoretical and legal aspects
Authors: Holyk Y.
Published: January 2023

The article describes the principle of accountability of local self-government bodies in the conditions of decentralization of power in Ukraine.Decentralization as one of the reforms of the public power system is aimed at building a truly democratic and effective governance in Ukraine, in accordance with international and European standards and approaches. An essential feature of such governance is its transparency and accountability.It is proved that the reform of decentralization of power affected the content and purpose of the principle of accountability of local self-government bodies. The modern interpretation of the principle of accountability of local self-government is broader, between the duty of local self-government bodies and their officials to report on their activities.The law establishes minimum requirements for the implementation of the principle of accountability of local self-government bodies in the form of periodic reporting, while broad discretionary powers allow them to form their own communication strategies and plans, to choose various forms of communication and feedback with the community. The principle of accountability of local self-government bodies is closely related to the involvement of the public in decision-making at the local level and the development of public control. It creates the basis for the application of facilitation and mediation practices in the community.Implementation of the principle of accountability is mandatory and requires active and voluntary actions of local self-government bodies and officials. This distinguishes the principle of accountability from the principle of openness. The imperative requirement of accountability is a means of restraining local governments in their autonomy, which has been significantly expanded and deepened as a result of the decentralization of power.The key goal of the reform is the ability, efficiency, independence, self-sufficiency and independence of local self-government from the state. This, in turn, causes a number of risks and threats to the rule of law, anti-corruption security, interests of the community at the local level, etc. Therefore, a properly constructed system of checks and balances in local self-government is perhaps the most effective guarantee of ensuring the rule of law. In this system, the principle of accountability has a leading role, therefore it deserves systematic scientific attention.
Restriction of the right to access to public information under martial law
Authors: Turchenko O. , Furman V.
Published: January 2023

Article 64 of the Constitution of Ukraine defines a list of human rights and freedoms that may be restricted under martial law to protect the national security and territorial integrity of Ukraine, including the right to access information. This provision corresponds to Part 3 of Article 34 of the Constitution of Ukraine, Part 1 of Article 8 of the Law of Ukraine "On the Legal Regime of Martial Law".

Due to the military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the dissemination of information about the activities of state authorities and their employees, including courts and justice system bodies, can impose a threat to their life and health, cause crimes to be committed and be a threat to national security, and therefore can subject to restrictions by law.

The article examines the grounds and conditions for restricting the right to access the public information under martial law; special attention is paid to the issue of restricting access to public information at the disposal of the courts and the State Judicial Administration of Ukraine.

The author analyzed statistical data on the number of submitted requests for obtaining public information, cases of filing complaints about illegal actions of managers of public information when considering requests since the introduction of martial law on the territory of Ukraine.

The article proves that since the Law of Ukraine "On the Legal Regime of Martial Law" does not provide for a direct possibility to establish any prohibitions or restrictions on the fulfillment of the duties of managers in considering requests or disclosing public information, when deciding the issue of limiting or providing access to that or other information in the conditions of martial law, the need to maintain an appropriate balance between the protected interest of a specific person and public interests and the application of the established practices to approve the request remain.

The article also explores the possibility of restricting the dissemination of restricted information during martial law, which is socially necessary, when the public's right to know this information outweighs the potential harm from its dissemination.
Civil agreement as a legal regulator of relations on the creation and implementation of innovations
Authors: Stasiv A.
Published: January 2023

The article analyses the agreement as one of the main regulators of the private-legal component of innovation relations. It is proved that thecontract due to the principles of freedom of its conclusion and determination of its content is the most effective form of regulation of relations on development and implementation of innovations. The author proves that the agreement in modern conditions is a universal structure, that successfully works in all planes of social relations based on legal equality and freedom of expression. And the sphere of legal relations does not affect the essence of a civil law agreement. The qualifying criterion is the methods of legal regulation. The design of the agreement allows the parties to the relationship to set out the terms and conditions that they need. Accordingly, the article substantiates that the agreement takes on the characteristics of an individual act of law-making. The civil agreemant as the «regulator» of innovation relations covers all possible segments of their emergence, realisation, change or termination. Private-legal innovative relations include property and non-property relations. However, the author notes that property and non-property relations are multifaceted and multidimensional in their content. Therefore, the need to disclose what is the peculiarity of property and non-property relations specifically in the area of innovation is justified. The article proves that the subject of private law regulation of the civil agreement in the sphere of innovation relations is: 1) relations in the sphere of intellectual property law and related information relations. Human intellectual activity is a fundamental category of innovation relations. The characteristic of novelty is at the heart of innovation and brings us into the sphere of intellectual property law relations.The author notes the inseparable connection of information relations and relations of intellectual property rights as a subject of regulation of civillaw agreement; 2) organizational relations. In particular, innovation relations are connected with the creation, use of innovations as objects of intellectual property rights and their introduction into production, so require complex factual and legal actions aimed at ordering the legal relations between their participants; 3) property relations on creation and implementation of innovations.
he problem of youth unemployment in Ukraine
Authors: Lutsai V.
Published: January 2023

Unemployment refers to acute macroeconomic problems. Since unemployment is not a new problem, but in wartime among young people, it acquires a special importance among socio-economic relations, and therefore acquires special relevance in our time. In today's conditions, the youth of our country who have graduated from educational institutions are increasingly faced with unemployment and feel redundant in the labor market. Insufficient number of vacant jobs, lack of work in a specialty, high competitiveness on the labor market, lack of state guarantees regarding employment, unsatisfactory working conditions offered to young people by employers, graduation from an educational institution does not provide any guarantees of employment in a specialty, all this leads to the uncertainty of youth in  its future and requires immediate solutions.

    Young people in Ukraine make up the majority of the working population, have more education, creativity, the ability to learn new things, master new professions and are the engine of the country's socio-economic development. Therefore, the state faces the task of regulating the youth segment of the labor market, ensuring employment guarantees, helping small and medium-sized businesses, improving internship conditions for students of professional and higher educational institutions, motivating and preparing young specialists for modern labor market conditions.

    The article analyzes the essence of such a phenomenon as unemployment. The main factors of the occurrence of this phenomenon are determined, the importance of youth in the socio-economic development of the country is characterized. Statistical data from the State Employment Service are presented, the state of unemployment in Ukraine and its consequences are analyzed. Proposals are made to solve the problem of unemployment in the labor market among young people and increase the level of employment in the state.
The vector of transformation of the competence of police officers in connection with the legalization of firearms in Ukraine
Authors: Bakhchev K.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to determining the vector of transformation of the competence of police officers in connection with the legalization of firearms in Ukraine. It is indicated that the external circumstances in Ukrainian society require a review of the powers of the police officer and the guarantee of his personal safety at the highest level. One of the priority vectors for ensuring the personal safety of a police officer, which has been repeatedly emphasized by political leaders, police officers themselves, and the public, is the introduction of the principle of presumption of the policeman's right, which is in effect in a number of foreign countries. The essence of the category "presumption of rightness of a police officer" was clarified, foreign experience was studied, where the principle was implemented and there is progress in this direction, after which, based on the analysis of the current activities of the National Police, a conclusion was made about the possibility of establishing the presumption of rightness of a police officer in Ukraine.

It is noted that the principle of the presumption of the rightness of a police officer already actually operates in Ukraine, but its full implementation depends on the establishment of a mechanism for its application by the police officers themselves: the level of their training, taking into account errors in the preparation of documents that judges emphasize, the level of communication of police officers, a high level of ensuring rights and human freedoms, etc.

Additional relevance of the outlined questions is added by the long-term controversy in scientific and practical circles regarding the legalization of firearms in Ukraine, especially in the current conditions associated with Russian aggression. The above-mentioned facts will undoubtedly lead to waves of increased crime, which will affect the safety of the police officer during the performance of his duties.

It was determined that a policeman's safety is guaranteed by his legitimate demands and actions, communication skills, and conflict de-escalation skills. Accordingly, the vector of the transformation of the competence of police officers in connection with the legalization of firearms can be seen in the clear observance of the law by police officers, their additional training on the acquisition of anti-crisis skills, as well as the development of a single organizational algorithm for the interaction of units of the National Police, the prosecutor's office and courts throughout the territory of Ukraine.
Peculiarities of opening legal proceedings in civil proceedings on Ukrainian lands within the Russian Empire (II half of XVIII – I half of XIX centuries)
Authors: Kholmogorova L.V.
Published: January 2023

The article examines the peculiarities of opening proceedings in a lawsuit based on the analysis of the legislation of the Muscovite Kingdom and the Russian Empire, starting from the 2nd century. 18th and 1st centuries XIX century In fact, we are talking about the pre-reform period of procedural legislation, which existed before the introduction of the Statute on Civil Procedure in 1864.

The author examines the peculiarity of establishing the right to sue and notes that the legislation of that time revealed it from a feudal standpoint, as it gave some strata of the population the opportunity to exercise it freely, while others did not. Thus, serfs (private peasants) in one case did not have the right to sue (in particular, they could not file a lawsuit against their master), in another - they did, but could not exercise it themselves (serfs' disputes with other estates were resolved on their behalf by their landlords), and in the third - had full right to it (disputes among themselves).

The types of civil proceedings in disputed cases, which at that time were divided into patrimonial and civil proceedings, are studied. In the first case, the court considered a lawsuit, and in the second - a lawsuit. However, both the lawsuit and the lawsuit were filed with the court in the form of a request ("proshenie"). The form, types and details of this request are analyzed. The claimant's demands are written in paragraphs, in which they are argued by facts, and the latter are supported by evidence. The existence of both general and special norms that regulate this issue is noted (special norms determine it for certain categories of patrimonial or legal cases).

An analysis of the procedure for submitting requests to the court is carried out, where attention is drawn to the need to comply with the rules of jurisdiction, to submit copies of requests to the number of defendants in the case and evidence that confirms the validity of the plaintiff's claims. The plaintiff also had to pay the customs duty, and in some categories of civil cases, advanced legal costs related to the publication of newspaper ads. It is indicated that the opening of proceedings in a civil case ended with a court resolution or the return of a request with an indication of the reasons for this. The author concludes that it is at this time that the stage of opening proceedings in the case begins to take shape as an independent stage of the civil process.
Principles of currency control in Ukraine
Authors: Prots І.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the study of a complex system analysis of the current state of currency control in Ukraine. The current national financial and currency legislation, secondary legal acts and international experience in the formation of the currency system are considered. It is noted that the experience of recent years has shown that in Ukraine there is an insufficiency of state resources for financing the main tasks of the state, and significant losses of financial resources have been revealed due to violations of financial discipline. Underestimation of the role of financial control in Ukraine led to abuses and violations in the field of financial relations. Therefore, it was the complex economic processes and consequences of the global financial crisis that showed the need to improve the financial and currency policy, as well as a radical change in the paradigm of the organization of the currency control system in Ukraine. It was emphasized that the currency policy is a component of the general economic, namely, the monetary and credit policy of the state, aimed at strengthening the currency and financial position of the country, maintaining its solvency and creditworthiness at a high level, ensuring the inflow of currency from abroad through foreign economic turnover, countering flight capital abroad, attraction of foreign capital. In conditions of large-scale capital flight abroad, lack of sufficient foreign investments in the national economy, martial law - effective currency regulation can change all these negative trends for the better.The activity of any body of state power and local self-government and the state is based on the principles of legality, which are enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine. Given that financial activity is one of the types of state activity, and currency control is an integral part of such activity, it can be argued that these principles are inherent in both financial activity and currency control.The implementation of the principles of currency control is a necessary condition for ensuring law and order and legality in the process of carrying out financial activities.
Subjects of public administration through the system of free legal aid: general theoretical aspect
Authors: Sakhniuk V.
Published: January 2023

The article examines the powers of public administration subjects through the system of free legal aid. It was established that public administration is performed by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and the Coordination Center. The place of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in the management system of the free legal aid system is characterized. It has been proven that the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine possesses general managerial competence, which is manifested in the rule-making and organizational-regulatory powers regarding the system of providing free legal aid. The article establishes that the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine carries out general management of the system of free legal aid, at the same time exercising organizational, law-making and normative, coordination and advisory powers in the system of ensuring the right to free legal aid.

Special attention was paid to the powers of the Coordination Center, which is a special management body and exercises powers of an organizational, coordinating, expert-analytical, informational, and controlling nature.

It was concluded that public administration through the system of free legal aid is a purposeful activity of authorized subjects aimed at ensuring the right to free legal aid.

The system of entities that carry out public administration is characterized by the following immanent features: first, it includes the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and the Coordination Center;  secondly, in contrast to other systems of public administration, it is not extensive; thirdly, it includes subjects possessing general and special management competence; fourthly, the sphere of social relations in relation to which public administration is carried out is specific and includes a positive obligation of the state to ensure the right to free legal aid.
Torts committed within the scope of volunteering and humanitarian aid under martial law
Authors: Нrychko V. , Krasko Z.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the topic of liability for torts committed within the scope of volunteering and humanitarian aid. The main concepts, as volunteering and humanitarian aid, are defined. It has been established that volunteering is characterized by the fact that it acts on the basis of representation; persons who wish to become volunteers are added to their lists by concluding an appropriate contract with non-profit organizations and institutions on whose behalf they will perform this or that work for this or that organization. Humanitarian aid differs by the donors (those who provide humanitarian aid) are legal entities, and the recipients are legal entities registered in the Unified Register of Humanitarian Aid Recipients; recipients can be charitable, religious and public organizations, their enterprises, as well as rehabilitation institutions; it is through the recipients that the aid is transferred to the recipients - individuals and legal entities who directly need it.  It is summarized that since volunteering and humanitarian aid are forms of charity, they share common responsibilities.

The types of offenses for which responsibility arises in the field of volunteering and humanitarian aid are analyzed.  Special attention is paid to Art. 201-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which was introduced by the Law "On Amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine Regarding Liability for Illegal Use of Humanitarian Aid" dated March 24, 2022, and establishes liability for the sale of humanitarian aid items, the use of charitable donations or free aid, the conclusion of other transactions regarding the disposal of such property for the purpose of obtaining profit.

It has been established that in practice problematic issues arise with the application of the provisions of the Criminal Code due to non-observance of the norms on the transfer of property of citizens in a proper manner.
Peculiarities of operational investigative measures and covert investigative (detective) actions in the investigation of hooliganism committed by football fans
Authors: Verlos N. , Purozhkova Yu. , Melkovskiy O.
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the problems of detection, prevention and investigation of the facts of criminal offenses committed by football fans using the means and methods of operational investigative activities and conducting covert investigative investigative actions with the aim of documenting the specified illegal activity. The most frequent act of hooliganism is committed by members of groups of football fans. In order to solve these problems, the article outlines the main directions of preventive activities using the capabilities of the intelligence apparatus, and suggests some secret investigative (search) actions that can be used during the pre-trial investigation for the purpose of qualitative investigation and documentation of illegal actions of football hooligans. The main principles of ensuring security and law and order during football matches are preventive, adequate, effective and legal. Achieving the desired results in the implementation of these principles is possible when applying a set of actions, including through the use of operational investigative measures and covert investigative (search) actions. Operational investigative measures - the system of actions provided for by the current legislation, aimed at the use of operational investigative means and methods, carried out within the limits of their competence by specially authorized units and their officials, with the aim of solving specific tasks of operative investigative activity. Undisclosed investigative (search) actions are a type of investigative (search) actions, information about the facts and methods of conducting which are not subject to disclosure, except for the cases stipulated by the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. Taking into account the long-term and organized illegal actions of groups of football fans, their systematicity and influence on the general criminal situation in the cities where football matches are held, it is necessary to use the entire complex of operative and investigative measures and covert investigative (detective) actions. In particular, it is necessary to use the capabilities of the agency and illegal officers. It should be borne in mind that a person whose constitutional rights were temporarily restricted during secret investigative (search) actions, as well as the suspect, his defender must be notified in writing by the prosecutor or the investigator on his behalf about such restriction.

The use of operational investigative measures and covert investigative (detective) actions in order to document the facts of hooliganism committed by groups of fans is quite an influential factor in identifying negative phenomena in the modern football field and preventing illegal actions by football hooligans.
Legal regime of stay in the EU of citizens of Ukraine
Authors: Homonai V.V.
Published: January 2023

The article focuses attention on the factors that became catalysts for the adoption of Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382, which establishes the presence of a mass influx of displaced persons from Ukraine within the meaning of Article 5 of Directive 2001/55/EC and introduces temporary protection. The above-mentioned decision became the basis for the appearance of a legal regime for the stay of Ukrainian citizens in the EU, which did not exist before - this is the regime of temporary protection.

Focuses on the Council conclusions of 27 May 1999 on displaced persons from Kosovo, Council Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001 on minimum standards for giving temporary protection in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons and on measures promoting a balance of efforts between Member States in receiving such persons and bearing the consequences thereof.

The article highlights all existing legal regimes of a Ukrainian citizen's stay in the EU (temporary protection; tourist; refugee) and characterizes them. It is emphasized that the regime of temporary protection is limited in time, it is not the same as permanent protection and that it provides that EU member states take measures necessary for the voluntary return of persons who enjoy temporary protection or whose temporary protection has expired - to Ukraine. If the legal regime of a tourist - a citizen of Ukraine independently ensures his stay in an EU member state, he does not have the right to work in the EU. Refugee status can be acquired by a citizen of Ukraine who proves that he has a justified danger of being persecuted because of race, religion, nationality, belonging to a certain social group or political beliefs. Under the legal status of a refugee, a person gains access to the labor market if the application for granting refugee status has not received a final review within 9 months.

It is emphasized that EU law establishes only minimum standards of protection that each EU member state must ensure. National protection standards (EU member countries) are higher compared to EU standards.
Freedom of expressıon ın the context of regulatory provısıons and case law used by the European Court of Human Rıghts
Authors: Shcherbyna V.
Published: January 2023

The article examines the features ensuring the right to freedom of expression and opinion under national law. The importance of these freedoms is emphasized in view of their enshrinement in international regulatory documents. It was mentioned that the importance of the right to freedom of expression is also emphasized by the fact that these rights are enshrined in legal documents of international level. The author gave attention to such international documents as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The author made a detailed analysis of the Article 10 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. It was noted that Article 10 of the Convention can be structured into two parts. The author stated that the first part is the right to freedom and expression of views, the second is a comprehensive list of legal limitations of the investigated law. The concept of right to freedom to follow ones views, to receive information and to impart information were defined in details. Attention was paid to how the right to freedom of expression is enshrined in the national legislation of Ukraine, espessially in the Constitution of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine “On Information” and the Law of Ukraine “On Printed Mass Media (Press) in Ukraine”. Several landmark decsssons of the European Court of Human Rights were given, for instanse, Nagla versus Latvia and Sunday Times versus United Kingdom (no. 1). Eventually, the author concluded that it is important to establish certain guarantees of the right to freedom of opinion and expression that is, the consolidation of certain conditions
Some problematic points during the implementation by the national police authorities of the verification of the certificate confirming the vaccination against COVID-19.
Authors: Stupnyk Y.V. , Getsko М.М.
Published: January 2023

It is indicated that the implementation of certain measures by the executive branch of government for stabilization and safety in society from the probable threats posed by the disease of COVID-19 caused the latter to take certain measures to achieve the above-mentioned goal. However, such measures must first of all be consistent with and comply with the legislation of Ukraine and ensure the implementation of the principle of the rule of law in its law-making and law-enforcement activities. In turn, police bodies in the process of exercising their powers implement a number of measures, among which a special place belongs to preventive measures. The latter, in turn, are called to serve society by ensuring the protection of human rights and freedoms, including maintaining public order and security. Therefore, the role and importance of the National Police as one of the central bodies of the executive power in ensuring the state’s duty to affirm and protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen is important for the functioning of the law enforcement system as a whole, which in turn should be based on the basic principles of legal regulation of social relations in the state. The article, based on the analysis of the scientific views of scientists and the norms of the current legislation, defines the types of preventive measures implemented by the National Police of Ukraine. In particular, the content of a separate event such as document verification is disclosed.It was established that the measures implemented by the National Police bodies, including preventive ones, such as the verification of documents, should be based exclusively on legally established procedures (mechanisms), and in no case on subordinate legal acts. Since the latter leads, on the one hand, to the violation of the Constitutional foundations, and on the other hand, to abuses by representatives of state authorities, undermining their legitimization in the eyes of society, and as a result of legal nihilism in general.As a result of the analysis of scientific doctrines and norms of the current legislation of Ukraine, the authors come to the conclusion that the verification of documents is an action or a set of actions of a preventive nature that limits certain human rights and freedoms and is used by the police in accordance with the law to ensure the fulfillment of the powers assigned to the police. In turn, additional powers, including the right to check documents confirming vaccination against COVID-19, a negative test result or recovery of a person from the specified disease, are possible if such a right is prescribed in the Law of Ukraine «On the National Police» and does not contradict fundamental rights and freedoms of man and citizen.
Fonaryuk O.Yu., Bondar P.P. Transition to a new form of relationship between the state and the person in the process of implementing the medical reform.
Authors: Fonaryuk O.Yu. , Bondar P.P.
Published: January 2023

In the article shows the need to transform rela- tions between the state and the individual for the full functioning of european-style medicine. At the same time, a person is aware of himself as an active participant in these relations. It is emphasized that these processes are natural consequences of so- cial development. This topic needs further scientific study for completely prosaic reasons. Because we do not set ourselves the goal of forming a negative image of the functioning of the soviet medical sys- tem in any way. On the contrary, such a system was very successful and gave good social results for its time, because any social phenomenon is a product of its epoch. Now we are only pointing out the scale of social transformations that soci- ety is already beginning to face. Undoubtedly, the medical field in Ukraine will undergo unprecedented transformations in the near future. These changes will be incompatible with old ideas about the role and place of a person in social life. However, they are fully compatible with Ukraine’s euro-atlantic aspirations. The main reasons for public distrust of the objec- tive necessity of introducing grandiose innovations in the medical field are also shown. The possibility of overcoming this mistrust lies in certain changes in the social activity of individual members of society.Openness and transparency – which in practice mean full awareness of the public about the activities of the medical field and the opportunity to actively influence its functioning – should contribute to the emergence of trust in the state apparatus on the path of reform.Both participants in the “state-person” relationship are active and, at the same time, responsible to each other. A person ceases to be «dependent» on the state in the soviet sense of the word. This circum- stance can ultimately lead us to one more useful con- sequence, namely, to a new qualitative understand- ing of the state. At least in the medical field, with a positive experience of reform, society will stop per- ceiving the state only as a certain administrative ap- paratus. If earlier the role of the state was to “force” and “give”, now it is to “develop” and “facilitate”.
Evaluation of Effectiveness of the TOEFL ITP Short Course Test Program at CLT Unika Soegijapranata on Obtaining The Expected Score
Authors: Soetjipta Michael Jonathan
Published: January 2023

In the current era of globalization, proficiency of foreign languages in specifically English can lead to success. Even though many people learn English and in particulaly TOEFL which is one of the prerequisites for applying scholarship and higher degree of education, many still find difficulty to do TOEFL test. As a result, many get TOEFL score below their expectation. CLT Unika Soegijapranata, an institution appointed to administer the official TOEFL ITP, initiated a short course program for the TOEFL ITP test. This study aims to measure effectiveness of the TOEFL ITP short course program regarding to the achievement of scores. The research used descriptive quantitative in which questionnaire was used to acquire primary data. The results show that the TOEFL ITP short course program is quite effective since it can help the participants to get TOEFL score above 500. CLT Unika Soegijapranta can continue to innovate for this program remains relevant amidst an increasingly massive era.