bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Field Measurements Validate Transient Annular Pressure Buildup Model
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: January 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 199561, “Validation of Transient Annular Pressure Buildup (APB) Model Predictions With Field Measurements in an Offshore Well and Characterization of Uncertainty Bounds,” by Rahul Pai, Anamika Gupta, and Udaya B. Sathuvalli, Blade Energy Partners, et al., prepared for the 2020 IADC/SPE International Drilling Conference and Exhibition, Galveston, Texas, 3-5 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The average geothermal gradient in the subject deepwater field in Nigeria is 4.37°C/100 m, nearly twice the gradient in most fields. As a result, the magnitude of the expected annular pressure buildup (APB) during steady-state production is large enough to threaten well integrity. Therefore, an insulating packer fluid (IPF) was used in Annulus A to reduce heat transfer to the outer annuli and to regulate the APB within acceptable values. The complete paper reports the results of a study that compares the temperature and pressure measurements from these wells with model predictions.

Introduction

Though APB has been studied by well designers for decades, the use of downhole measurements to study APB has been somewhat limited. Previous uses of downhole instrumentation to study APB phenomena principally have centered on monitoring the magnitude of the APB and managing the risk. None, as far as the authors are aware, use the results gathered from downhole measurements to verify the results of the models that routinely are used in the design of the wellbore tubulars and APB-mitigation technologies.

Notwithstanding the wealth of literature on the subject of APB, several crucial and fundamental questions remain unanswered. Chief among these are:

What is the accuracy of thermal-model temperature predictions during various well operations?

How do temperature uncertainties influence APB predictions?

When APB magnitudes are large enough to require installation of APB mitigation devices?

How do the mitigation devices perform over the life of the well?

The complete paper seeks to address these questions through an examination of downhole pressure and temperature measurements and a parallel analysis of model predictions. Furthermore, field data and model predictions are juxtaposed, sources of uncertainties in the measurement data and model inputs are considered, and overall uncertainties in the APB predictions (i.e., model estimates) are characterized.
EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces Are Vulnerable to Backdoor Attacks
Authors: Meng Lubin , Huang Jian , Zeng Zhigang , Jiang Xue , Yu Shan , Jung Tzyy-Ping , Lin Chin-Teng , Chavarriaga Ricardo , Wu Dongrui
Published: January 2021

Research and development of electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have advanced rapidly, partly due to the wide adoption of sophisticated machine learning approaches for decoding the EEG signals. However, recent studies have shown that machine learning algorithms are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, e.g., the attacker can add tiny adversarial perturbations to a test sample to fool the model, or poison the training data to insert a secret backdoor. Previous research has shown that adversarial attacks are also possible for EEG-based BCIs. However, only adversarial perturbations have been considered, and the approaches are theoretically sound but very difficult to implement in practice. This article proposes to use narrow period pulse for poisoning attack of EEG-based BCIs, which is more feasible in practice and has never been considered before. One can create dangerous backdoors in the machine learning model by injecting poisoning samples into the training set. Test samples with the backdoor key will then be classified into the target class specified by the attacker. What most distinguishes our approach from previous ones is that the backdoor key does not need to be synchronized with the EEG trials, making it very easy to implement. The effectiveness and robustness of the backdoor attack approach is demonstrated, highlighting a critical security concern for EEG-based BCIs.
Evaluating the impact of investing in the industry of clinical practice guidelines for health systems
Authors: Hassanien Amal
Published: January 2021

Rationale: This review has been conducted to facilitate evidence-informed policymaking and help healthcare policymakers in Saudi Arabia decide whether or not a sustainable investment in the CPG industry is socially and economically viable.Objectives: To investigate whether the clinical practice guidelines help to improve clinical practice and save costs.Methods: A literature review to evaluate the benefits of implementing clinical practice guidelines.Results: The clinical practice guidelines help improve clinical practice, but the evidence about their impact on saving costs is insufficient in the literature.Conclusion: Investing in CPGs industry seems socially and economically viable as there are many benefits health-care regulators, providers, and payers might gain. The unified national CPGs would enable health-care regulators to optimise the quality of care services, including by protecting patient safety and preventing malpractice, and to reduce the number of medical errors. While updating national unified clinical guidelines would represent a trustworthy peer-reviewed approach to health care and offer providers a reference for best practices in health care customised to the local context. Also, having a national reference for standardised medical practices would help healthcare payers improve value-based payments.
Feasibility and effectiveness of remotely supervised tDCS combined with computerized cognitive training for patients with stroke: A randomized sham-controlled study
Authors: Yoon Ju-Yul , Son Mi-Nam , Jo Yun-Ju , Kim Da-Sol , Kim Gi-Wook , Won Yu-Hui , Park Sung-Hee , Seo Jeong-Hwan , Kim Yun-Hee , Ko Myoung-Hwan
Published: January 2021

Background Cognitive impairment after stroke is an unfavorable factor for long-term functional independence. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising tool for improving cognitive function in patients with stroke. Home-based rehabilitation is increasingly required for patients with stroke, with greater benefits expected if supplemented with remotely supervised tDCS (RS-tDCS). We evaluated cognitive improvement and the feasibility of RS-tDCS in patients with chronic stroke. Methods Thirty chronic stroke patients with cognitive impairment (K-MoCA <26) received a computerized cognitive training package (ComcogTM, Neofact, Seoul, Korea), and were randomized into real RS-tDCS and sham RS-tDCS groups according to the application of tDCS. Participants were treated 5 days/week for 4 weeks. To ensure correct self-application of tDCS (Mindd Stim®, Ybrain Inc., Korea), patients and caregivers received training and were monitored. Several cognitive evaluations were performed. Rate of adherence to the appropriate RS-tDCS session was also investigated. Results Among the 30 participants, 2 chose to withdraw and 2 were excluded due to noncompliance. In the within-group comparison, unlike the sham group (n= 14), the real group (n=12) showed a significant improvement in K-MoCA (intra-p=0.004 vs. 0.132), particularly in patients with moderate cognitive impairment (K-MoCA: 10–17; intra-p=0.001 vs. 0.835, K-MoCA: 18-25; intra-p=0.060 vs. 0.064). However, in K-DRS2, Stoop and K-BNT, both groups showed significant improvement, but there was no group time interaction. In the Trail Making Test, Go/no Go, and Controlled Oral Word Association Test, both groups did not show statistically significant improvement. A total of 551 of the 560 sessions conducted by 28 people were successfully performed (adherence rate: 98.4%) and no serious adverse effects were detected. Conclusion RS-tDCS is a safe and feasible rehabilitation modality for post-stroke cognitive dysfunction. It has the potential to enhance the effect of home-based CT. RS-tDCS seems to be particularly effective in patients with relatively more severe cognitive impairment who are capable of home-based training. Trial registration: Clinical Research information Service (KCT0003427). Registered 26 June 2018, https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/en/search/search_result_st01.jsp?seq=12363
Characterization and eradication of the high concentration infection source of oral segment of Candida by infection examination diagnosis system
Authors: Nonomura Yuusuke
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Candida albicans (CA) is a major pathogenic fungus that causes a critical infection and life-threatening disease. Currently, during the treatment of COVID-19 (in ICU), invasive Candidiasis and Candida colonization should be prevented to avoid the increase, in mortality, in SAPSII, and in length of stay. Our aim was to characterize and analyze the infection of Candida albicans (CA) for eradication. Methods: We characterized and analyzed the infection source and infection field which are carrier field, diffusion field, and spread field, by using a new infection examination (diagnostic) system (IEDS) comprising a new dental formula (measurement analysis) medium (DFM) with time, space, and phase, and the simultaneous relative differential equations (C4RDE).Results: This study showed that CA was not an endogenous microorganism, but a fungus that infected teeth causing dental caries that was successfully eradicated from all teeth of 353 Japanese patients (oral cavity segment). [In the first examination, the percentages of people with CA (+) was 40.5% (the DMFT: 62.8%) and CA(-) was 56.4% (the DMFT: 47.1%). The difference in DMFT was 15.7% (P<0.01)] (DMFT is decayed, missing, and filled tooth index).Conclusion: Eradication of the infection source (IS) of the oral segment(s) and breaking the infection chain (IC) by IE(D)S will dramatically reduce the threat to the living body by pathogenic microorganisms. And, our methods help to eradicate the infection source (IS), prevent critical infection, and reduce mortality. The IEDS is a powerful tool that can be applied for any microbial infection easily. It is possible for the dentists to characterize CA by IEDS and eradicate CA from the oral cavity. Moreover, CA must consider the phase of the space-time of infection source, infection field, receptor field, resistance field, adhesive colony, fixed colony and infection chain. Moreover, CA must consider the phase of microorganisms. If they are neglected, the statistical research or the medical treatment etc., the study cannot obtain the correct result.
Hexagonal Resonator Loaded Star Shaped Polarization Insensitive Compact Broadband Zero Indexed Nano-Meta Absorber for Optical Region Applications: A Numerical Approach
Authors: Samsuzzaman Md , Hossain Ismail , Hoque Ahasanul , Islam Mohammad Tariqul , Almutairi Ali F.
Published: January 2021

Broadband response metamaterial absorber (MMA) remains a challenge among researchers. A nanostructured new Zero Indexed Metamaterial (ZIM) absorber is presented in this study, which is constructed with a hexagonal shape resonator for the optical region applications. The design consists of a resonator and dielectric layers made with tungsten and quartz (Fused), respectively. The proposed absorbent exhibits average absorption of more than 0.8972 (89.72%) within the visible wavelength of 450-600 nm and almost perfect absorption 0.99 (99%) at 458.54 nm. Based on computational analysis, the proposed absorber can be characterized as Zero Indexed Metamaterial. The developments of ZIM absorbers have demonstrated plasmonic resonance characteristics and a perfect impedance match. The incidence obliquity in typically the range of 0°–90° both in TE and TM mode with maximum absorbance is more than 0.8972 (~89.72%) and up to 35° angular stability, which is suitable for solar cell applications, like exploiting solar energy. The proposed structure prototype is designed and simulated by a study of microwave technology numerical computer simulation (CST) tools. Finite integration technique (FIT) and finite element method (FEM) is performed to data analysis in CST software, and HFSS also helps validate the numerical data of the proposed ZIM absorber. The proposed MMA design is appropriate for substantial amounts of absorption, wide-angle stability, absolute invisible layers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), color images, and thermal imaging applications.
A population survey on behavioural insights on COVID-19 in Sri Lanka: A quantitative analysis on perceptions, behaviours, opinions, trust and affect to inform pandemic outbreak response
Authors: Ginige Pabasari , Silva S.K.S.T. , Bandara T.P. , Weerasinghe W.M.P.C. , Thennakoon T.M.P.D.M.
Published: January 2021

Background The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak is placing insurmountable challenges and burden on health systems and authorities demanding responses with effective and appropriate policies and interventions. Wrong decision making, lack of foresightedness and preparation in the acute and transition phases can threaten the gains collectively achieved. Understanding the behaviours, perceptions and feelings of the population is imperative in management decisions. Not much evidence is available on such behavioural insights to inform the COVID-19 response in countries. This study is expected to contribute to the evidence-informed understanding on effective management of the outbreak.Methods This was a cross sectional observational study with entirely voluntary online participation. The study protocol and the questionnaire, originally prepared by a WHO collaboration, were adjusted to match the local setting and resource availability. The study explored 14 variables including perceptions, trust and behaviours in relation to COVID-19. Data was collected during the first wave of COVID-19 in early May 2020 and statistically analysed to see the associations and comparisons between chosen variables.Results N = 1001 with 65.63% from the age range 18–29 years and 65% from the non -health care worker category. Basic or postgraduate degree holders were 64.7%. Participants were from 23 out of the 25 districts in SL with 34.07% from high-risk districts. They were in general, knowledgeable (e.g., > 95% correctly identified common symptoms of COVID19) and majority (99.5%) reported conforming to the health recommendations. They trusted government health bodies including hospitals (90.8%) but majority (63.8%) had poor confidence in media in the ability to manage the outbreak. Stigma around COVID-19 was not a concern for the majority of 78.9%. Participants less than 30 years believed in conspiracies around COVID-19 more than older counterparts.Conclusion The perceptions, affect and behaviour of the study population gives insights on information dissemination, gaps in health message delivery, alternative approaches in responding and policy making helping to improve the pandemic response.
Correlation of histologic chorioamnionitis and intra-partum leukocytosis
Authors: Heyman Taryn , Sayyed Farah Al , Lederman Sanford , Zhang Peilin
Published: January 2021

Background Histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) is the most common placental lesion measuring maternal/fetal responses to intraamniotic bacterial infection. Study design We reviewed 1400 placentas referred for placental examination and explored the relationship of HCA with clinical information and with total white cells (WBC), differentials, and whether maternal admission WBC and differentials predict HCA.Results The frequency of HCA of the 1400 placentas was 38.8% (543 of 1400), and funisitis 16.9% (237 of 1400). Abnormal white blood count (total WBC >10.3) within this population was 41.1% with abnormal neutrophil differential of 39.1% and lymphopenia of 33.9%. There is an association between HCA and elevated WBC, neutrophil differentials, and preterm delivery 32 weeks or earlier. The predictive value of WBC, differentials and gestational age was 59% using ROC analysis.Conclusion Prediction of HCA using WBC and differential is suboptimal. Molecular solution to HCA is required to identify patients at risk for maternal/fetal complications.
Identification of tRNA-Derived Small RNAs and their Potential Roles in the Hippocampus of Nicotine Exposure Rats
Authors: Shao Jiali , Fei Yanxia , Su Chen , Zou Wangyuan , Yang Jinfeng
Published: January 2021

Nicotine use is highly prevalent and brings a huge burden on individuals, society, health-care systems and economic development. The existing mechanisms underlying nicotine’ actions can’t illuminate all basic and clinical problems thoroughly. Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) is a novel class of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), possessing potential regulatory functions in various diseases. However, the roles of tsRNAs in nicotine exposure have not been determined yet. In this study, firstly we established nicotine exposure model by subcutaneously injecting (sc.) with 0.5mg/kg of nicotine twice daily for 14 consecutive days, and conducted some behavioral observations (the pain threshold and body weight gains). Secondly, we identified the differentially expressed profiles of tsRNAs in rat hippocampus on saline or nicotine delivery conditions by using ncRNA-Seq, and then predicted the promising functions of the putative genes of the tsRNAs by bioinformatic method. The results shown that there were 26 differentially expressed tsRNAs (7 up-regulated and 19 down-regulated tsRNAs) (Fold change > 1.5; P < 0.05), of which the tRF-5 was the most common type. Eight tsRNAs were selected to validate the sequencing result by RT-qPCR. Then, based on the sequencing and RT-qPCR data, five candidate tsRNAs (tRF-1-T28-His-GTG-1, tRF-5c-Glu-CTC-1, tRF-5c-Glu-CTC-3, tRF-5c-Gly-GCC-2-M2, tRF-5c-Glu-TTC-4) were finally selected for further bioinformatic analysis. The GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the five candidate tsRNAs might play regulatory roles through the cholinergic synapse pathways, dopaminergic synapse pathways, etc. In conclusion, our results indicated that tsRNAs were dysregulated in the rat hippocampus after nicotine exposure, and among them, tRF-5c-Glu-CTC-1 was the most promising one, which might lay a novel foundation for further research into nicotine’ actions.
Factors affecting retention in the Doctors to the Barrios Program (Philippines) from 2012 to 2019: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Flores Erika Louise Lapitan , Manahan Edric Matthew Rivera , Lacanilao Miguel Paulo Bernardo , Ladaw Isabella Ma. Beatriz Tinio , Mallillin Mico Martin Baligod , Mappatao Nikolai Thadeus Quinto , Leonardia Juan Alfonso , Pepito Veincent Christian Filipino
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: To address the maldistribution of healthcare providers and the shortage of physicians in geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas of the Philippines, the Doctors to the Barrios (DTTB) program was established in 1993. However, as of 2011, only 18% of the DTTBs chose to stay in their assigned municipalities after their two-year deployment, termed retention. This study aims to identify the individual, local, work, national, and international factors affecting the retention of DTTBs in their assigned communities after their two-year deployment.
METHODS: A descriptive, mixed-methods design was used. For the quantitative part, the modified and updated Stayers Questionnaire was given to all current DTTBs present in a Continuing Medical Education session in the Development Academy of the Philippines. Descriptive statistics were then presented. For the qualitative part, individual, semi-structured key informant interviews were conducted in-person or via phone with current and alumni DTTBs from 2012 to 2019. Proceedings of the interviews were transcribed, translated, and analyzed thematically.

RESULTS: 102 current DTTBs participated in the quantitative part of our study, while 10 current and former DTTBs participated in the interviews. Demographic factors and location, personal beliefs, well-being, friends and family dynamics, and perceptions about work were the individual factors identified to affect retention. Social working conditions, career development, and infrastructure, medical equipment, and supplies were among the work factors identified to affect retention. Geography, living conditions, local social needs, and technology were among the local factors identified to affect retention. Compensation, the recently signed Universal Healthcare Law, and Safety and Security were identified as national factors that could affect retention. International factors did not seem to discourage DTTBs from staying in their communities.

CONCLUSIONS: A host of individual, work-related, local, national, and international factors influence the DTTB’s decision to be retained in different, complex, interconnected, and dynamic ways. We also identified implementation issues in the DTTB program and suggested interventions to encourage retention.
Martensite Variant Identification For Shape Memory Alloys By Using Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Tseng YI-Ming , Wang Pei-Te , Chen Nan-Yow , Yang An-Cheng , Tsou Nien-Ti
Published: January 2021

Detailed microstructure evolution in shape memory alloys (SMAs) is typically studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. However, the conventional post-processing tools for atomistic calculations, such as CNA and PTM, fail to identify distinct crystal variants and to reveal twin alignments in SMAs. In the current work, a powerful and efficient post-processing tool based on GraphSAGE neural network is developed, which can identify multiple phases in martensitic transformation, including the orthorhombic, monoclinic and R phases. Where the network was trained by the results of sets of temperatureand stress-induced martensitic transformation MD calculations. The accuracy and generality were also verified by the application to the cases which did not appear in the training dataset, such as unrecoverable nanoindentation process. The proposed method is rapid, accurate, and is ready to be integrated with any visualization tool for MD simulations. The outcome of the current work is expected to accelerate the pace of atomistic studies on SMAs and related materials.
An App Developed for Predicting Nurse Intention to Quit the Job (NIQJ) Using the Artificial Neural Networks(ANN) in Microsoft Excel: Population-Based Questionnaire Study
Authors: Jen Tung-Hui , Chien Tsair-Wei , Yeh Yu-Tsen , Lee Huan-Fang
Published: January 2021

Background: Studies in the past have identified factors related to the nursing staff’s intention to leave the unit, institution, and profession. However, none has successfully predicted the nurse's intention to quit the job (NIQJ). Whether NIQJ can be predicted be predicted is an interesting topic in healthcare management. A model to predict the NIQJ for novice nurses in hospitals should be investigated and developed in this mobile computer age. Objective: The aim of this study is to build a model to develop an app for automatic prediction and classification of NIQJ using a smaller number of items to help assess NIQJ and take necessary actions before nurses quit the job.Methods: We recruited 1104 novice nurses working in six medical centers in Taiwan to complete 100-item questionnaires related to NIQJ in October 2018. The k-mean was used to divide nurses into two classes (i.e., NIQJ and Non- NIQJ) based on five- NIQJ items regarding leave intention. Feature variables were chosen from 100 relevant items. Two models, including artificial neural network (ANN) and convolutional neural network (CNN), were compared across four scenarios made up by two training sets (n=1104 and n=804B) and their corresponding testing (n=300a) sets to verify the model accuracy (e.g., sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC) and stability and generalization (e.g., using the training set to predict the testing set). An app predicting NIQJ was then developed involving the model's estimated parameters as a website assessment.Results: We observed that (1) 24 feature variables extracted from this study in ANN model yielded a higher AUC of 0.82 (95% CI 0.80-0.84) based on the total 1104 cases, (2) the ANN performed better than CNN on both accuracy, stability and generalization, and (3) an ready and available app for predicting NIQJ was successfully developed in this study.Conclusions: The 24-item ANN model with the 53 parameters estimated by the ANN for improving the accuracy of NIQJ has been developed with the use of Excel (Microsoft Corp). The app would help team leader and HR department to pick up nurse’s NIQJ before actions are taken, allowing them to make plans accordingly.
Outcomes of Patients Falling from Heights in the Level-I Trauma Center: A 10-Year Multi-Center Study
Authors: Wang Pei-Hsiu , Huang Chun-Hsiang , Chen I-Chung , Huang Edward Pei-Chuan , Lien Wan-Ching , Huang Chien-Hua
Published: January 2021

Background: Falls from height and fall-related injuries are global healthcare challenges. Falls cause a significant proportion of urban trauma with high mortality rates, being the leading cause of accidental deaths. This study aims to investigate the outcomes of patients after free falls in the level 1 trauma centers in Taiwan.Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the emergency departments of the National Taiwan University Hospital, and its two branches, the Hsin-Chu branch and the Yun-Lin branch between January 2010 and September 2020. Adult patients with free falls higher than one story were enrolled. Clinical data were obtained from electronic medical records. Odds ratios (OR) were computed with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for significant parameters for mortality in the logistic regression models.Results: A total of 371 patients were enrolled and 101 patients suffered from out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs). The mortality rate was 98% and 11% in patients with and without OHCA and the majority of deaths occurred within one day of the fall. Falling heights were significantly (OR, 1.14, 95% CIs, 1.10-1.19) related to OHCAs. Among the patients without cardiac arrests on arrival, a higher injury severity score (ISS) was significantly (OR, 1.10, 95% CIs, 1.07-1.14) related to deaths. Serious head/neck (OR, 5.19, 95% CI, 2.21-12.19) and chest injury (OR, 2.39, 95% CIs, 1.10-5.17) were significantly fatal injuries. Conclusion: Patients with falls-related OHCA had poor outcomes and higher falling height was significantly related to cardiac arrests. A higher ISS was related to death during admission. A better understanding of the characteristics allows for resource allocation for patients with free-fall trauma.
Demand of Governmental Employees for Social Health Insurance and Associated Factors in Takusa woreda, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Getahun Tamyalew , Alemneh Mekuanint , Amare Getasew , Yitayal Mezegebu , Feleke Amsalu
Published: January 2021

Objective: The main aim of this study was to assess the demand of governmental employees for social health insurance and associated factors in Takusa district, Northwest Ethiopia.Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional triangulated with the phenomenological study was conducted. A simple random and a purposive sampling technique were used to recruit 324 employees. Binary logistic regression was performed, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In the qualitative study, data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: 61.1% of employees had a good demand for social health insurance. Employees who had 5-6 family sizes were 5.5 times more likely to have a demand for SHI than counterparts. Also, employees who live in a rural area were 3.3 times more likely to have SHI demand than urban residents. In the qualitative analysis, lack of awareness, fear of poor-quality health service provision, the unpreparedness of health institutions, lack of inputs, poverty etc. were the main constraints for the poor demand for SHI. Conclusion: In general, the higher demand for SHI in this study was more than half of the Ethiopians but less than abroad. Therefore, the concerned body shall intervene on the factors by implementing a SHI program cooperatively.
Interaction of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) candidate longevity gene and particulate matter (PM2.5) on all-cause mortality: a longitudinal cohort study in China
Authors: Yao Yao , Liu Linxin , Guo Guang , Zeng Yi , Ji John S.
Published: January 2021

Background The SIRT1 gene was associated with the lifespan in several organisms through inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. Long-term air particulate matter (PM) is detrimental to health through the same pathways. Methods We used the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) to investigate whether there is a gene-environment (G×E) interaction of SIRT1 and air pollution on mortality in an older cohort in China. Among 7,083 participants with a mean age of 81.1 years, we genotyped nine SIRT1 alleles for each participant and assessed PM2.5 concentration using 3-year average concentrations around each participant's residence. We used Cox-proportional hazards models to estimate the independent and joint effects of SIRT1 polymorphisms and PM2.5 exposure on all-cause mortality, adjusting for a set of confounders. Results There were 2,843 deaths over 42,852 person-years. The mortality hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each 10 μg/m³ increase in PM2·5 was 1.08 (1.05-1.11); for SIRT1_391 was 0.77 (0.61, 0.98) in the recessive model after adjustment. In stratified analyses, participants carrying two SIRT1_391 minor alleles had a significantly higher HR for each 10 μg/m³ increase in PM2.5 than those carrying zero minor alleles (1.323 (95% CI: 1.088, 1.610) vs. 1.062 (1.028, 1.096) p for interaction = 0.03). Moreover, the interaction of SIRT1 and air pollution on mortality is significant among women but not among men. We did not see significant relationships for SIRT1_366, SIRT1_773, and SIRT1_720. Conclusion We found a gene-environment interaction of SIRT1 and air pollution on mortality, future experimental studies are warranted to depict the mechanism observed in this study.
Baseline Global Longitudinal Strain Predictive of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Araujo-Gutierrez Raquel , Chitturi Kalyan R. , Xu Jiaqiong , Wang Yuanchen , Kinder Elizabeth , Senapati Alpana , Chebrolu L Bindu , Kassi Mahwash , Trachtenberg Barry H.
Published: January 2021

Background: Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRD) is a major source of morbidity and mortality in long-term cancer survivors. Decreased GLS predicts decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients receiving anthracyclines, but knowledge regarding the clinical utility of baseline GLS in patients at low-risk of (CTRD) is limited.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether baseline echocardiographic assessment of global longitudinal strain (GLS) before treatment with anthracyclines is predictive of (CTRD) in a broad cohort of patients with normal baseline LVEF.Methods: Study participants comprised 188 patients at a single institution who underwent baseline 2-dimensional (2D) speckle-tracking echocardiography before treatment with anthracyclines and at least one follow-up echocardiogram 3 months after chemotherapy initiation. Patients with a baseline LVEF <55% were excluded from the analysis. The primary endpoint, (CTRD), was defined as an absolute decline in LVEF >10% from baseline and an overall reduced LVEF <50%. Potential and known risk factors were evaluated using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.Results: Twenty-three patients (12.23%) developed (CTRD). Among patients with (CTRD), the mean GLS was -17.51% ± 2.77%. The optimal cutoff point for (CTRD) was -18.05%. The sensitivity was 0.70 and specificity was 0.70. The area under ROC curve was 0.70. After adjustment for cardiovascular and cancer therapy related risk factors, GLS or decreased baseline GLS ≥-18% was predictive of (CTRD) (adjusted hazards ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval 1.00, 1.36; p=0.044 for GLS, or hazards ratio 3.54; 95% confidence interval 1.34, 9.35; p = 0.011 for decreased GLS), along with history of tobacco use, pre-chemotherapy systolic blood pressure, and cumulative anthracycline dose.Conclusions: Baseline GLS or decreased baseline GLS was predictive of (CTRD) before anthracycline treatment in a cohort of cancer patients with a normal baseline LVEF. This data supports the implementation of strain-protocol echocardiography in cardio-oncology practice for identifying and monitoring patients who are at elevated risk of (CTRD)
Magnificação e ultrassom como recursos auxiliares no tratamento endodôntico em dentes com calcificação: considerações clínicas e relato de caso
Authors: Figueirêdo Júnior Ernani Canuto , Almeida Janaina Emanuella Galvão Menezes , Missias Eucaé Miranda , Torres Renata Correia Sotero Dália , De Albuquerque Mônica Soares
Published: January 2021

O tratamento endodôntico tem como objetivo a limpeza, modelagem e obturação tridimensional dos canais radiculares. Entretanto, a presença de alterações como calcificações podem trazer dificuldades, sendo necessário o uso de recursos auxiliares para a resolução de casos mais complexos. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso clínico do tratamento endodôntico em um dente que apresentava calcificações impedindo a localização de alguns canais radiculares, no qual foram utilizados recursos tecnológicos auxiliares como a tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico, microscópio operatório e ultrassom. Além disso, foram feitas algumas considerações clínicas acerca da importância desses recursos na terapia endodôntica. Diante do presente caso clínico, o exame tomográfico constatou a presença de calcificação pulpar obliterando a entrada de alguns dos canais radiculares, sendo necessário o uso do ultrassom auxiliado pelo microscópio para remoção desta, a qual permitiu a realização do preparo químico-mecânico e da obturação dos canais, obtendo-se um desfecho satisfatório. Desse modo, pode-se concluir que diante de casos mais complexos, tais como aqueles em que há a presença de calcificações e de obliteração dificultando o acesso ao orifício de entrada dos canais radiculares, o uso destes recursos tecnológicos permite a realização do tratamento endodôntico com maior previsibilidade de sucesso.
Energy efficiency policy: impact of green innovations
Authors: Kolosok Svitlana , Pimonenko Tetyana , Yevdokymova Alona , Hajiyev Nazim Ozbey , Palienko Maksym , Prasol Lesya
Published: January 2021

The European energy policy is a core role in the development of the new model of the energy market and carbon-free economy in Ukraine. In the paper, the authors analyzed the key issues on the way to implement the European policy on increasing energy efficiency and green innovations which emphasized in pro et contra. The performance of national energy policy could be limited by the market instruments, the efficiency of the smart grid and perception of innovations in the energy sectors, institutional development in general. Thus, the paper aimed to indicate the impact of green innovations on sustainable development and the country’s energy efficiency for 2000-2019. The authors used economic and mathematical modeling. The Ordinary Least Square Model was used for the integral assessment of energy efficiency policy. The authors analyzed nine sub-indicators from four Sustainable development goals (Affordable and Clean Energy, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Responsible Consumption and Production, Combating Climate Change) and the indicator which characterized the innovation costs of industrial enterprises in the energy sector in Ukraine. The methodological instrument for checking the hypothesis and empirical justification was software stats models в Python 3.6.11. Due to the seven rounds of optimization, the authors developed significant functioning. Considering the finding of Ordinary Least Square Modelling, the authors highlighted the determinants which influenced the efficiency of energy policy: dependence on energy imports by-products, real GDP per capita, and final energy consumption. At the same time, the final energy consumption had less effect on the efficiency of energy policy and demonstrated the negative relationships with energy efficiency. The results of the models were verified using RESET and Jarque-Bera tests and confirmed the correctness of the proposed model.
Keywords: energy policy, sustainable development goals, green innovations, energy efficiency.
Defining the Types of «Fakers» in Social Media
Authors: Saura Jose Ramon , Punzon Jonathan Gomez
Published: January 2021

Nowadays, internet users spend much of their time on social networks, where they share and generate content, support the causes and activities they like, get in touch with their peers, and generate audio-visual content. Besides, they also share their opinions with other users, thus producing User-Generated Content (UGC). The authors noted that UGC lacks proven scientific, professional, or academic quality. However, when content is generated massively in social networks, it can get viral and achieve the most significant engagement of users in the community. Furthermore, there is evidence that the content with the most significant impact on other users is the one that achieves the greatest engagement and support. The scientific review analysis indicated that usually, the content that achieves more impact and engagement in social media is related to fake news or published by fake users. In this context, the present study aims to theorize and define the concept of «faker» based on a review of previous studies. Main results show that a «faker» is a user who is not a real person, but pretends to be such. Based on the results of the exploratory analysis, the following 6 types of users classified as fakers were identified and analyzed: conspiranoid (users who share compulsive and self-taught content in which they share minimal details of the theory they support, have powerful firm beliefs, and always find a way to verify their hypotheses); proselytizing (users who try to gain followers by any means and convince other followers to follow them); narcissists (users who base their content on love and attraction to themselves and generate false content that reflects their own image as the main message); creators of chaos (users whose main objective is to generate chaos in social networks and base their arguments and theories on personal, professional, or political relationships among other users to generate conflicts that will increase the chaos within a closed community); satyr humor (users who generate content focused on the satire targeting public, mythological, ideological, or other characters or entities and defame others by focusing on the actions of public characters); paranoid tyrants (users who focus on the analysis of the information overload, which makes it difficult to interpret the contents on the Internet today). In the frame of this paper, the authors provided a discussion of important theoretical and practical implications of obtained results for the marketing industry and digital marketing in social media.
Keywords: faker, fake content, social media, social network, UGC.
Mišrusis jungtinis Selbergo klasės L funkcijų ir periodinių Hurvico dzeta funkcijų universalumas
Authors: Jasas Mindaugas , Macaitienė Renata
Published: January 2021

2007 m. H. Mišu (Mishou) pirmasis įrodė mišriojo universalumo teoremą Rymano ir Hurvico dzeta funkcijoms. Plačiąja prasme mišrusis universalumas suprantamas kaip jungtinis funkcijų, turinčių ir neturinčių Oilerio sandaugos pagal pirminius skaičius, universalumas.Straipsnyje tęsiamas universalumo klausimo dzeta ir L funkcijų rinkiniams nagrinėjimas. Tiksliau, įrodoma Selbergo klasės  funkcijų (užrašomų Dirichlė eilute ir tenkinančių tam tikras specifines sąlygas (tarp kurių ir Oilerio sandaugos egzistavimas)) ir periodinių Hurvico dzeta funkcijų (kurios neturi Oilerio sandaugos pagal pirminius skaičius) mišraus universalumo savybė. Mišraus universalumo rezultatas gali būti panaudotas nagrinėtų funkcijų funkcinio nepriklausomumo savybės įrodymui.Straipsnis parengtas M. Jaso magistro darbo pagrindu [4].
Yüksek Sıcaklığın Doğal Taşların Petrografik, Parlaklık ve Pürüzlülük Özelliklerine Etkisi
Authors: TÜRKMENOĞLU Zehra Funda , ÖZVAN Ali , ERDEVE ÖZVAN Elif , TÜRKMENOĞLU Mehmet , AKKAYA İsmail , VAROL Ogün Ozan , TAPAN Mucip , KAHRAMAN Esma
Published: January 2021

Doğal taşlar binalarda genellikle yapı ve kaplama taşı olarak kullanılmaktadırlar. Yangın gibi dış etkenler binalara hem yapısal hem de estetik açıdan geri dönüşü olmayan zararlar vermektedir. Yüksek sıcaklıklar doğal taşın yüzey ve içyapı özelliklerinde hasara neden olabilmektedirler. Doğal taşların bu hasardan etkilenme derecelerinin önceden bilinmesi kullanım yerinin seçilmesi açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, yüksek sıcaklığın doğal taşların iç yapı, parlaklık ve pürüzlülük özelliklerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, doğal taş numuneleri 100oC ile 900oC arasındaki sıcaklıklara ısıtılarak bu sıcaklıklarda 1 saat bekletilmiştir. Daha sonra doğal taş numunelerinin petrografik, yüzey parlaklık ve yüzey pürüzlülük özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yüksek sıcaklığın (700oC ve üzeri) doğal taşların mineralojik yapısında bozulmalara neden olmasından dolayı numunelerin parlaklık değerlerinde azalış ve pürüzlülük değerlerinde artış gözlenmiştir.
LiDAR Verisi Yardımıyla Otomatik Dalga Boyu Bandı Yaklaşımı Kullanılarak Hiperspektral Görüntülerde Spektral Değişkenliğin Azaltılması
Authors: KAHRAMAN Sevcan
Published: January 2021

Hiperspektral (HS) ve kızılötesi (Light Detection and Ranging-LiDAR) algılayıcıları en yeni uzaktan algılama teknolojilerindendir. Son yıllarda, hiperspektral karışım giderimi analizi uzaktan algılama uygulamalarında büyük bir önem kazanmıştır. Spektral değişkenlik hiperspektral görüntülerde bazı nedenlerden dolayı meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu spektral değişkenlik hiperspektral görüntü analizinde ciddi bolluk değeri tahminleme hatalarına sebep olabilmektedir. LiDAR algılayıcısı spektral değişkenlikten etkilenmeyen Dijital Yüzey Modeli (DSM) bilgisini sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, hiperspektral görüntülerde spektral değişkenliği azaltmak için Kararlı Bölge Karışım Giderimi (Stable Zone Unmixing–SZU) yaklaşımı LiDAR-DSM verisinin kümeleme bilgisi kullanılarak uygulanmıştır.
Deneysel çalışmalar simulasyon ve gerçek veri setleri üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiş ve spektral değişkenliğin her iki veri setinde de azaltıldığı görülmüştür.
GELATION KINETICS ACCOUNTING WHEN MODELING ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY METHODS
Authors: Ishkov Alexey A. , Mazitov Ruslan F. , Shlyapkin Alexey S. , Malshakov Evgeniy N.
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a new approach to modeling flow deflectors. The developed approach takes into account changes in rheology properties of gel compositions depending on time and temperature. The effects of changes in the residual resistance factor of the reservoir rock depending on the gel composition concentration and permeability are also considered. In addition, the general concepts included in the developed injection software product used to calculate the geometry of gel screens placement and the effects of their application are shown.
All rheological characteristics of gel composition used in the software product are obtained by laboratory means at the stage of free volume studies and on filtration core models. The developed product allows correctly simulating the processes of gel screen formation in the bottomhole formation zone and evaluating technological efficiency depending on the treatment design. The following characteristics can be used as variable design parameters: concentrations of polyacrylamide and chromium acetate cross-linked, the sequence of increasing/decreasing polyacrylamide and chromium acetate cross-linked concentrations, the volume of both the composition as a whole and individual rims, pressure and injection rate.
Simulation of information decoding processes in the output device of the biomorphic neuroprocessor
Authors: Pisarev Alexander D. , Busygin Alexander N. , Ibrahim Abdulla Kh. A. , Udovichenko Sergey Yu.
Published: January 2021

This publication is the series of articles continuation on the creation of neuroprocessor nodes based on a composite memristor-diode crossbar.
The authors have determined the principles of modifying the pulse information into a binary code in the output device of the neuroprocessor, implemented in a logical matrix based on a new electronic element — a combined memristor-diode crossbar. The processing of pulse signals is possible in the logical matrix, since one layer of the matrix is a set of logical AND or OR gates with arbitrarily connected inputs.
The authors have proposed two solutions to the problem of decoding pulses from a population of neurons in the output device, coming from the hardware neural network of the neuroprocessor, into standard binary signals. The first solution involves the two layers use of a logical matrix and a pulse generator. The compactness of the second solution is achieved due to the presence of a binary number generator, which allows to get rid of one layer of the logical matrix.
This article presents the SPICE modeling results of the decoding pulsed information process signals into binary format and confirms the operability of the output device electrical circuit.
The originality of the device operation lies in the switching of the generator signals by the logical matrix to the neuroprocessor output based on the time delay of the input pulse from the hardware neural network. The use of the memristor logical matrix in all nodes of the neuroprocessor, including the input device, makes it possible to unify the element base of the neuroprocessor complete electrical circuit, as well as its power supplies.
POSSIBILITIES OF TRANSPORTATION OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS USING HIGH TECHNOLOGIES OF ROCKET AND AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Gurov Valery I. , Kurnosov Vladimir V. , Romasenko Evgeny N. , Shcherbakova Elena V.
Published: January 2021

This article presents the history of the development — almost 80 years — of the gas transmission system (GTS) supplying the consumer with natural gas (NG) with a length of almost 200 thousand km. The authors present the structural integration of the successful historical experience in creating a large-scale natural gas transmission system with the prospect of building a liquefied natural gas transmission system on this basis. In addition, this paper aims to answer the following issues: the necessity of modernizing the GTS due to its deterioration and the need to increase the volumes of GHG supplies.
The results of the analysis of high technologies of the rocket and aviation industries show the possibility of effective integration of the GTS with cryogenic transportation of liquefied natural gas (LNG) over distances significantly exceeding 10 km, which has been sufficiently developed at present.
The authors rationalize the potential organizations interested in the implementation of the proposed integration.