bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biologia floral e sistema reprodutivo da erva-baleeira (Varronia curassavica Jacq.)
Authors: BRANDÃO D. S. , MENDES A. D. R. , SANTOS R. R. , ROCHA S.M.G. , LEITE G. L. D. , MARTINS E. R.
Published: October 2015

RESUMOO conhecimento do sistema reprodutivo é fundamental para a conservação e manejo de uma espécie. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a fenologia da floração, a antese, registrar os insetos visitantes no período de floração, determinar as características morfométricas das flores e o sistema reprodutivo da erva-baleeira, em um ambiente de Cerrado do Norte de Minas Gerais. Entre maio a dezembro de 2012 foi caracterizado o comportamento fenológico da floração. Na análise da fenologia floral foi determinado: o crescimento da inflorescência, o número de flores e frutos por inflorescências. Utilizou-se seis acessos que tiveram dez inflorescências marcadas em cada acesso, totalizando 60 inflorescências. A antese foi determinada utilizando quatro inflorescências em duas plantas. Os visitantes florais foram observados in loco e capturados em três dias consecutivos de coleta. As características morfométricas foram determinadas com paquímetro utilizando 20 flores, sendo cinco flores de quatro acessos. Para determinar o sistema reprodutivo utilizou-se a razão pólen:óvulo (P:O), utilizando 50 flores, sendo 10 flores de cinco acessos em pré-antese. Nas condições de Montes Claros, o crescimento das inflorescências de erva-baleeira ocorreu entre meados de agosto e início de outubro, totalizando 45 dias. O florescimento foi observado entre meados de setembro e final de outubro, enquanto a frutificação ocorreu de meados de outubro a início de dezembro, sendo que ambos ocorreram de forma irregular. A antese floral de erva-baleeira, neste estudo, ocorre entre 7:00 e 11:00 horas. Os insetos visitantes pertencem as ordens Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera e Hymenoptera. As flores apresentaram o diâmetro de 2,13 ± 0,05 (mm), o comprimento de 3,29 ± 0,08 (mm), diâmetro do ovário de 0,70 ± 0,02 (mm), o comprimento do ovário de 2,48 ± 0,12 (mm), o diâmetro da antera de 0,67 ± 0,01(mm) e o comprimento da antera de 0,93 ±0,02 (mm), quatro óvulos e cinco anteras por flor. A razão P:O foi de 576,542, indicando que a espécie é alógama facultativa.
Estresse osmótico na germinação de sementes de Petiveria alliacea L.
Authors: LAVEZO A. , BRAGA L. F. , BATISTÃO A. C. , BONFANTE L. V.
Published: October 2015

RESUMOO trabalho teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos dos estresses hídrico e salino na germinação de sementes de Petiveria alliacea , bem como definir os limites máximos de tolerância da espécie a esses estresses. As sementes foram submetidas aos agentes osmóticos NaCl, CaCl2 e PEG nos potenciais à 0; -0,1; -0,2; -0,3; -0,4; -0,5; -0,6; -0,7; -0,8; -0,9 e -1,0 MPa sob temperatura constante de 25˚C e fotoperíodo de 12 horas, com avaliações diárias durante 30 dias. As variáveis analisadas foram porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, tempo médio de germinação, índice de sincronização e frequência relativa da germinação. As sementes de P. alliacea sob estresse osmótico apresentam menor porcentagem e velocidade de germinação com a redução dos potencias osmóticos, principalmente com CaCl2. Em potenciais osmóticos mais negativos que -0,4; -0,5 e -0,7 MPa, respectivamente nos agentes CaCl2, NaCl, e PEG, não ocorre germinação. O padrão de distribuição da frequência relativa aumentou a polimodalidade, o tempo médio de germinação e o índice de sincronização da germinação com a redução dos potencias osmóticos.
Germinação de sementes de Aspidosperma subincanumMart. ex A. DC em diferentes temperaturas
Authors: OLIVEIRA A. K. M. , CARVALHO J. M. B. , SOUZA J. S. , SOUZA S. A.
Published: October 2015

RESUMOAspidosperma subincanum é uma espécie arbórea utilizada em projetos de recuperação de áreas degradadas e como planta medicinal. Levando-se em consideração a importância da espécie, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo definir a temperatura ideal para a germinação de suas sementes. O material vegetal foi coletado na região do Pantanal de Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul. As sementes foram colocadas em caixas plásticas transparentes em câmara de germinação e submetidas às temperaturas constantes de 20, 25, 30 e 35˚C e alternadas de 20-30 e 25-35˚C. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições por tratamento, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. A temperatura ideal para a germinação de Aspidosperma subincanum foi a 25˚C, com o maior índice de velocidade de germinação, 18,8. Temperaturas mais elevadas (30 e 35˚C) causaram a morte dos embriões.
Evaluación Formativa y Compartida en Educación Infantil. Revisión de una Experiencia Didáctica
Authors: García Herranz Sofia , López-Pastor Víctor M.
Published: October 2015

This study examines the processes and results of implementing formative and co-assessment with a group of 14 Spanish students in the second cycle of pre-school education (5-6 years of age). The aim is to determine the degree of effectiveness of the project. The teaching methodology used in the experience is predominantly experiential, engaging a wide range of the students’ senses and based on their interests and motivations. A qualitative research methodology is used including; teacher’s journal, photos, video recordings and observation sheets. The analysis is conducted through an emerging process of categorization. The results show that formative and co-assessment increase student motivation, autonomy, commitment to the task and self-improvement. They also encourage the teacher’s professional development by providing a processes of reflection and improvement on their own practice. In conclusion, we maintain that it is viable to develop formative and co-assessment processes in early childhood education and that they have a positive influence on the learning and autonomy of students, as well improving the climate in the classroom, provided that the assessment system implemented is consistent with the rest of didactic methodology.
Dual Reflections on Teaching and Learning of Autoethnography: Preparing Doctoral Students Authentically for a Career in the Academy
Authors: Rubinstein-Avila Eliane , Maranzana Stefano
Published: October 2015

This paper conveys the reflections of an instructor and a graduate student after participating in a graduate course on autoethnography, offered in a college of education at a large public research institution in the United States. In addition to the course focus on autoethnography as a qualitative research approach, the course used authentic practices, which are commonly used by academics, to socialize doctoral students from the social sciences to the demands of their future careers in the academy. Although the number of published autoethnography articles in academic journals has increased, few autoethnography courses are being offered, and even fewer are described in the research literature. The authors share their experiences and address their own assumptions, challenges and breakthroughs across practices, including: informal peer-reviews, drafts revisions, and the ongoing composition of a full-length autoethnographic manuscript to be (potentially) submitted for publication, and, thus, shared with a larger audience of readers. The authors call for more explicit and authentic preparation and socialization of social science doctoral students throughout graduate coursework—especially in light of the growing competition for tenure-stream faculty positions across the social sciences and the humanities.
Dois pastel e um chopes: a concordância nominal e identidade(s) paulistana(s)
Authors: Oushiro Livia
Published: October 2015

Resumo: Este artigo analisa a realização variável da concordância nominal em uma amostra contemporânea e representativa do português paulistano, composta de 118 entrevistas sociolinguísticas, a partir dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Sociolinguística Variacionista (LABOV, 1972). Além de contribuir para seu mapeamento em uma comunidade ainda pouco investigada de um ponto de vista sociolinguístico, este estudo tem como objetivo discutir as identidades sociais associadas à variante marca zero na comunidade paulistana, a fim de melhor compreender os mecanismos que regulam a manutenção de usos linguísticos considerados “não padrão”. A partir da análise qualitativa e quantitativa dos dados, sugere-se que a marca zero funciona como índice de masculinidade na fala de homens paulistanos e de identidade local com certos bairros e com a cidade.Palavras-chave: Concordância nominal de número, português paulistano, identidades sociais.Abstract: Based on Variationist Sociolinguistics theory and methods (LABOV, 1972), this paper analyzes variable nominal agreement in a contemporary and representative sample of “Paulistano” Portuguese, consisting of 118 sociolinguistic interviews. In addition to contributing to the variable’s description in an understudied community, this paper aims at discussing the social identities associated to the zero morpheme variant, in order to shed light on the mechanisms regulating the continued use of the so-called “nonstardard variants”. The qualitative and quantitative analyses suggest that the zero morpheme variant indexes masculinity in male Paulistanos’ speech, as well as local identities.Keywords: Nominal number agreement, Paulistano Portuguese, Social Identities.
Kel e a expressão de definitude em caboverdiano
Authors: Miranda Wania
Published: October 2015

Resumo: O uso de kel em caboverdiano causa, porvezes, controvérsia entre os estudiosos da língua no que diz respeito à funçãoque desempenha dentro do sintagma nominal. Alguns estudos sobre o sintagmanominal do caboverdiano apresentam kel e sua forma plural kescomo possíveis artigos definidos, ou afirmam que eles exercem, por vezes, opapel de artigos definidos na língua (Baptista (1997), (2002) e (2007), Alexandre (2004), entre outros). Os autores que se debruçaram sobre o tema, contudo, parecem não precisar o que licencia tal uso. Neste artigo,realizaremos uma análise dessa partícula dentro de uma perspectiva semântica afim de tentar esclarecer o comportamentode kel dentro do sintagma nominal da língua.Palavras-chave: caboverdiano, definitude, Semântica.Abstract: There are controversies in studies about the noun phrase in Cape Verdean specially concerning the particle kel. Some analyses present the particle kel and its plural counterpart kes as a definite article others claim this particle can assume the role of a definite article (BAPTISTA, 1997, 2002, 2007; ALEXANDRE, 2004 & SOARES; and others). Scholars who assumed kel as a definite article, however, did not explain what allows its use as definite article. In this paper, I will present an analysis of this particle adopting a semantic perspective in order to clarify how the particle kel functions within the noun phrase of the Cape Verdean.Keywords: Cape Verdean, definiteness, Semantics.
Linguística e Poética: o “saussurianismo russo” e a invenção da literariedade
Authors: Araújo Nabil
Published: October 2015

Resumo: Este texto enfoca o desenvolvimento da noção de “literariedade” ao longo das três grandes fases da obra do maior nome da Poética Estrutural no século XX, Roman Jakobson (1896-1982), num percurso que vai da filiação estrita ao futurismo russo nas décadas de 1910-20 à conformação final ao estruturalismo saussuriano por volta de 1960.Palavras-chave: Linguística; Poética; literariedade; estruturalismo saussuriano; Roman Jakobson.Abstract: This text focuses on the development of the notion of “literarity” along the three major phases in the work of the major name in Structural Poetics in the 20th Century, Roman Jakobson (1896-1982), in a path that goes from the strict affiliation to the Russian Futurism in the 1910-20’s to the final conformation to the Saussurean structuralism around 1960.Keywords: Linguistics; Poetics; literarity; Saussurean structuralism; Roman Jakobson.
Problemas do consórcio Realismo Crítico/Análise do Discurso Crítica para a análise social do discurso: sociopolitizando a postura crítica
Authors: Gomes Emanoel Pedro Martins , Alencar Claudiana Nogueira de
Published: October 2015

Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo destacar alguns problemas da postura de analistas do discurso que tomam a explanação teórica de um discurso como desmistificadora da impressão empírica que este nos oferece. Entendemos que tal postura se torna problemática sobretudo quando decorre de uma ênfase exagerada de aspectos do Realismo Crítico de Roy Bhaskar, que fundamenta a Análise do Discurso Crítica de Norman Fairclough. Para explicá-la, desenhamos um panorama geral do realismo crítico destacando os pressupostos compartilhados pela ADC e discutindo os problemas desse consórcio para a análise social. Com a discussão, entendemos que o que quer que venham a ser a compreensão e explanação que tenhamos acerca dos fenômenos discursivo-sociais, até mesmo de suas conexões causais, teremos sempre um ato discursivo, com seus valores sociais, políticos e ideológicos; o critério causal se torna apenas uma forma científica de argumentar a possível eficácia das explicações dos eventos sociais.Palavras-chave: Análise do Discurso Crítica; Realismo Crítico; Linguística Aplicada.Abstract: This paper aims to highlight some problems from the posture of discourse analysts who take the theoretical explanation of a discourse as demystifying the empirical impression it offers us. We understand that this posture becomes problematic especially when it stems from an overemphasis of aspects of Critical Realism by Roy Bhaskar, which grounds the Critical Discourse Analysis by Norman Fairclough. In order to explain it, we draw an overview of Critical Realism by detaching the presuppositions shared by CDA and discussing the problems of this consortium for social analysis. With the discussion, we understand that whatever may be the understanding and explanation we have about social discursive phenomena, even their causal connections, we will always have a discursive act, with its social, political and ideological values; the causal criterion becomes just a scientific way of arguing the possible effectiveness of the explanations of social events.Keywords: Critical Discourse Analysis; Critical Realism; Applied Linguistics.
Mapeamentos metafóricos em artigo esportivo
Authors: Gomes Languisner
Published: October 2015

Resumo: O presente artigo versa sobre algumas metáforas utilizadas para definir a atuação do jogador de futebol Hulk e tem por corpus um artigo selecionado do jornal O Povo. A identificação das metáforas conceptuais, bem como dos respectivos mapeamentos que projetam as realizações metafóricas, visam determinar as possíveis gerações de sentido. Para analisarmos a arquitetura das metáforas presentes na notícia partimos dos postulados da Linguística Cognitiva, com especial destaque para o postulado da metáfora conceptual, de Lakoff e Johnson (1980) e Lakoff (1987) que constituem a base dos diferentes mapeamentos conducentes a diferentes realizações metafóricas. Uma linha importante de investigação na Linguística Cognitiva tem seu foco em como a língua reflete a estrutura conceptual, ou seja, como se dão os mecanismos que estruturam a conceptualização. Os mapeamentos, nesse caso, oferecem uma estrutura conceptual revelando os elementos do significado apresentados nas expressões linguísticas metafóricas.Palavras-chave: mapeamentos metafóricos; metáforas conceptuais; geração sentidoAbstract: This article discusses some metaphors used to define the performance of the soccer player Hulk. The data were taken from an sport’s article of the newspaper O Povo, in Fortaleza – Ceará. The identification of conceptual metaphors, as well as their respective mappings to design the metaphorical realizations, aimed at determining the possible production of meanings. Our main goal with this research is answering the following question: what are the mapping mechanisms involved in generating metaphorical sense? To this end, we had as underlying goal to describe the structure of the network of conceptual mappings of the mechanisms responsible for generating the metaphorical sense, which is why we chose the Theory of Conceptual Metaphor of Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and Lakoff (1987) to support our analysis.Keywords: Metaphorical Mappings; Conceptual Metaphor; Meaning Production.
Ficções cosmopolitas
Authors: Mata Anderson Luís Nunes da
Published: October 2015

Os espaços geográficos pelos quais circula parte significativa dos personagens da ficção brasileira de princípios do século XXI são urbanos e internacionais. A publicação da coletânea de contos Granta em português – Os melhores jovens escritores brasileiros demonstra haver na escrita dos novos autores brasileiros a consolidação de um cosmopolitismo que, ainda quando visto a partir do que Silviano Santiago denomina o “perde-ganha da vida cosmopolita”, isto é, das tensões com as histórias locais, celebra a ideia de uma “cidadania mundial”. Essa ideia, por vezes desconsidera a quem se nega o direito a essa cidadania, ancorada agora mais na possibilidade de se percorrer e consumir espaços internacionais, que no humanismo cosmopolita socrático-kantiano. Se a nação é uma comunidade imaginada, como aponta Benedict Anderson, a comunidade global presente nas narrativas escritas por jovens escritores brasileiros também é uma forma de imaginar pertencimentos.
“A vida oblíqua”
Authors: Nodari Alexandre Andre
Published: October 2015

Em A paixão segundo G.H., a protagonista do romance de Clarice Lispector passa por uma transformação que é também uma metamorfose do mundo. Adentrando uma hiper-temporalidade em que passado e futuro se confundem, G.H. alcança uma zona da existência regida pela promiscuidade e reciprocidade dos seres: um hetairismo ontológico, poder-se-ia dizer, na esteira de Bachofen e sua releitura por Oswald de Andrade. O artigo busca passar em revista essa experiência-limite, propondo o conceito de “obliquação” (inspirado em uma passagem de Água viva) como chave de leitura tanto da forma quanto da matéria narrativas de A paixão segundo G.H. e outras narrativas de Clarice.
Música desconhecida de Paulo Henriques Britto
Authors: Veras Eduardo Horta Nassif
Published: October 2015

Este artigo propõe uma breve análise da presença da música na  poética de Paulo Henriques Britto. Dialogando com a obra ensaística do  poeta francês Jean-Michel Maulpoix, pretendo demonstrar que a obra do  poeta carioca insere-se de maneira peculiar na discussão contemporânea  acerca das heranças da tradição lírica, não podendo, portanto, ser  associada de maneira direta às poéticas de matriz antilírica. Tal análise  abre-se, finalmente, para uma posterior reflexão sobre o lugar de Britto  na história da poesia brasileira.
descrição do mundo de Verônica Stigger ou uma antropofagia desidratada
Authors: Dias Ângela Maria
Published: October 2015

O ensaio se propõe a interpretar o último relato de Verônica  Stigger, Opisanie Swiata, a partir da sua abordagem de Raul Bopp e da  antropofagia modernista. Partindo de tal objetivo, o texto procura levantar  os recursos utilizados pela autora, a fim de valer-se, na composição da  narrativa, do legado de diversos intelectuais e escritores do período em pauta. Nesse sentido, aponta-se, na construção da novela, além da  bricolagem de pequenos textos e de ilustrações na estruturação do volume,  a importância central do pastiche, segundo é apresentado por Antoine  Compagnon, no livro O trabalho da citação. Entretanto, a avaliação do  rendimento deste sofisticado trabalho de elaboração textual surpreende  uma certa fragilidade crítica pela ornamentalidade das apropriações  concatenadas sob o enfoque humorístico, com um tipo de jocosidade  leve, de feitio francamente gratuito.
Ossos do ofício
Authors: Ipiranga Sarah Diva
Published: October 2015

Análise da construção da imagem da violência nos contos de Rubem Fonseca por meio de recursos expressivos do código linguístico que criam o estado ‘brutal’ das narrativas. Através da referencialidade, da metonímia e da descrição, o narrador monta uma rede textual em que retrata situações de extrema violência e crueldade, como também personagens que se revelam por um discurso permeado de signos que agenciam o caráter letal de suas ações. O estilo, nomeado de hiperrealista, cria essa impressão de uma realidade ampliada e intensificada pelo impacto que a linguagem deposita nas cenas narrativas. Através da análise detalhada das categorias propostas em diálogo com os contos selecionados, deseja-se mostrar que o excesso referencial não subtrai a simbolização inerente à linguagem.
descrição inacabada do mundo, uma leitura de Opisanie świata, de Veronica Stigger
Authors: Machado Madalena Aparecida
Published: October 2015

O artigo pautado na leitura crítica de Opisanie świata, de Veronica Stigger, tem seu foco de discussão no conhecimento da forma narrativa e dos personagens que implicam a contemporaneidade. A pesquisa bibliográfica levantou questões referentes aos aspectos teóricos e críticos do tema, ao que levou a uma visão mais circunstanciada de tais elementos. Destaca ainda personas narrativas emblemáticas do tempo presente, portadores da incerteza e estranhos ao seu contexto, eles intentam a descrição do mundo numa viagem. O artigo defende que tal descrição não acontece de fato, embora a narrativa demonstre a tentativa, as sensações e emoções da aventura de viver em busca de si na imagem do outro.
Telescope Implant—Changing Visual Expectations and Evolving the Standard of Care for End-stage Age-related Macular Degeneration Patients
Authors: Wykoff Charles C ,   Clinical Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Retina Consultants of Houston, Blanton Eye Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, US
Published: October 2015

End-stage age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects approximately 1.8 million Americans and limits older adults’ ability to perform activities of daily living. No current pharmaceutical options exist for visual improvement in these patients. The telescope implant is the only Food and Drug Administration approved intraocular device for visual rehabilitation in end-stage AMD patients, with either bilateral geographic atrophy or disciform scarring, who are phakic (in at least one eye) with best spectacle-corrected visual acuity of 20/160–20/800 or worse in both eyes.
AerobON Breathe on with AerobON
Authors: Evanjelene Swathy K , Christa Gracelin H
Published: October 2015

In this era, a smartphone is all you need to save a life.  We have developed a product that promises to bridge the gap between health and technology, making life simpler. AerobON is a practical add-on to the medical asthma kit. It is a two-tier system -- a mobile application (Android, Windows & IOS platform) and a device (Microcontroller, Bluetooth & battery). When in sync, features like find device, panic button, peak flow meter, puff counter, etc. are available. It’s a one-of-a-kindproduct design that aims to minimize the risk of asthma.
Synchrophasor Technology for Cyber Security in Smart Grid
Authors: Thangarathinam P , Suganya N , Praddeep T , Vignesh S
Published: October 2015

Smart grid is controlled by an authority personnel who uses LAN or the internet to control it. By knowing this information any one from outside can control the smart grid using LAN or the internet. This process of hacking the smart grid control is known as aurora attack. The Aurora attack may pose a risk to rotating machinery operating under certain conditions on the electrical grid. The Aurora attack involves opening and closing one or more circuit breakers, resulting in an out-of-synchronism condition that may damage rotating equipment connected to the power grid.This paper focuses on the Aurora attack on a synchronous generator and the existing technology available to mitigate the attack. The root cause of the vulnerability is breakdown in security. The first level prevents the attack with sound security practices. The second level protects the equipment in the event that the security level is compromised. The equipment can be protected using wide-area synchronized phasor measurement and protection system and security considerations.
The energetic contributions of aquatic primary producers to terrestrial food webs in a mid‐size river system
Authors: Kautza Adam , Sullivan S. Mažeika P.
Published: October 2015

Rivers are increasingly recognized as providing nutritional subsidies (i.e., energy and nutrients) to adjacent terrestrial food webs via depredation of aquatic organisms (e.g., emergent aquatic insects, crayfish, fish) by terrestrial consumers. However, because these prey organisms assimilate energy from both aquatic (e.g., benthic algae, phytoplankton, aquatic macrophytes) and terrestrial (e.g., riparian leaf detritus) primary producers, river subsidies to terrestrial consumers represent a combination of aquatically and terrestrially derived energy. To date, the explicit contribution of energy derived from aquatic primary producers to terrestrial consumers has not been fully explored yet might be expected to be quantitatively important to terrestrial food webs. At 12 reaches along a 185‐km segment of the sixth‐order Scioto River system (Ohio, USA), we quantified the relative contribution of energy derived from aquatic primary producers to a suite of terrestrial riparian consumers that integrate the adjacent landscape across multiple spatial scales through their foraging activities (tetragnathid spiders, rove beetles, adult coenagrionid damselflies, riparian swallows, and raccoons). We used naturally abundant stable isotopes (13C and 15N) of periphyton, phytoplankton, macrophytes, and terrestrial vegetation to evaluate the energetic contribution of aquatic primary producers to terrestrial food webs. Shoreline tetragnathid spiders were most reliant on aquatic primary producers (50%), followed by wider‐ranging raccoons (48%), damselflies (44%), and riparian swallows (41%). Of the primary producers, phytoplankton (19%) provisioned the greatest nutritional contribution to terrestrial consumers (considered collectively), followed by periphyton (14%) and macrophytes (11%). Our findings provide empirical evidence that aquatic primary producers of large streams and rivers can be a critical nutritional resource for terrestrial food webs. We also show that aquatically derived nutrition contributes to both shoreline and broader‐ranging terrestrial consumers and thus may be an important landscape‐scale energetic linkage between rivers and upland habitats.
Spatial arrangement of canopy structure and land‐use history alter the effect that herbivores have on plant growth
Authors: Hahn Philip G. , Orrock John L.
Published: October 2015

The spatial arrangement of past and present human activities could affect the strength of species interactions through changes to environmental conditions. To better understand how land‐use history might mediate the effect of insect herbivory on the growth of four herbaceous plant species at the edges between woodlands and open savannas, we coupled large‐scale manipulations of canopy structure by thinning overstory trees to create savanna habitat in non‐agricultural and post‐agricultural longleaf pine woodlands with local‐scale herbivore exclosures at two distances from habitat edges. Light availability, grasshopper abundance, and herbaceous plant cover all increased in patches that received overstory tree thinning. Land‐use history altered the effect that edges created by the overstory thinning treatments had on grasshopper herbivory for one plant species (Carphephorus bellidifolius). The edge between land‐use histories also altered herbivore effects on three plant species in thinned patches. These edge effects were driven in part by changes in availability of alternative resources for grasshoppers, shady edges, or grasshopper abundance. Canopy manipulation also had important effects on herbivory that were independent of the habitat edge: grasshopper herbivory reduced plant growth of the smallest species (C. bellidifolius) regardless of canopy manipulation, whereas herbivory on two larger species (Solidago nemoralis and So. odora) reduced plant growth mainly in patches with an intact overstory canopy. Collectively, this work suggests that the species‐specific effects of grasshopper herbivory on plant growth were driven by both plant traits (e.g., size or growth rates) and landscape‐mediated changes to grasshopper abundance, light availability, or availability of alternative resources for grasshoppers created by land‐use history and canopy structure. Furthermore, because the heterogeneity in herbivory revealed by our large‐scale experiment is likely linked to plant traits, our results provide a means for understanding the profound, but often idiosyncratic, effects of land‐use legacies and edges on plant populations and communities.
How a new fire‐suppression policy can abruptly reshape the fire‐weather relationship
Authors: Ruffault J. , Mouillot F.
Published: October 2015

Understanding how the interactions between anthropogenic and biophysical factors control fire regimes is increasingly becoming a major concern in a context of climate, economic and social changes. On a short time scale, fire activity is mainly driven by the variations in weather conditions. But while the assessment of this fire‐weather relationship is an essential step towards fire hazard estimations, reconstructions or projections, still little is known about the impact of human practices on this relationship. In this study, we examined the recent fire history in southern France where a new fire policy, introduced during the 1980s, suddenly brought new fire suppression and prevention practices. We aimed at assessing the impact of these changes on fire activity and on the relationships between fire and weather, usually assumed to be constant over time. To do so, we used a statistical framework based on spatially explicit daily fire occurrence data, the corresponding weather variables and the associated fuel moisture derived from a process‐based model. Our results showed that the introduction of the new fire policy resulted in a sharp decrease in fire activity but also impacted the daily fire‐weather relationship in two main ways. On the one hand, fewer wildfires ignited for similar weather conditions. On the other hand, the probability of a fire to spread over significant surfaces shifted from a fuel‐dryness driven system to a system driven by the concomitance of fuel dryness and strong winds. These observations suggest that mid‐term (decadal) social factors can affect the short‐term (seasonal to daily) relationship between weather conditions and fire activity. Thus, the interactions between human and climate factors should be taken into account when reconstructing or projecting fire activity and including the impact of fire policies on the fire‐weather relationships in fire models would be an important step towards more realistic fire regimes simulations.
Genetic and environmental effects on seed weight in subspecies of big sagebrush: applications for restoration
Authors: Richardson Bryce A. , Ortiz Hector G. , Carlson Stephanie L. , Jaeger Deidre M. , Shaw Nancy L.
Published: October 2015

The sagebrush steppe is a patchwork of species and subspecies occupying distinct environmental niches across the intermountain regions of western North America. These ecosystems face degradation from disturbances and exotic weeds. Using sagebrush seed that is matched to its appropriate niche is a critical component to successful restoration, improving habitat for the threatened greater sage‐grouse and other species. The need for restoration is greatest in basin habitats composed of two subspecies: diploid basin big sagebrush (A. tridentata subsp. tridentata) and tetraploid Wyoming big sagebrush (subsp. wyomingensis). In this study we assess seed weights across five subspecies‐cytotype groups of big sagebrush and examine the genetic and environmental components. Our goal is to determine if seed weight can be used as a diagnostic test for subspecies and seed certification. Seed weight was measured from 55 wild collections and from progeny derived from these collections and grown in two common gardens. A linear mixed‐effect model showed 91% of the variation in seed weight is explained by genetic, genetic × environment and environmental effects (conditional R2 = 0.91). Moreover, genetic effects alone, subspecies‐cytotype groups, explained 39% of the variation (marginal R2 = 0.39). Of the five subspecies‐cytotype groups, most had overlapping weights using conservative 99% confidence intervals. However, diploid tridentata and wyomingensis had non‐overlapping 99% confidence intervals. To demonstrate the application of seed weighing to assess the subspecies purity of commercial seed lots, we compared confidence intervals of tridentata and wyomingensis developed from the experimental data to seed weights of commercial lots. The results showed that only 17% of the commercial seed lots certified as wyomingensis had mean seed weights that fell within the confidence intervals for this subspecies. The remaining lighter seed lots (83%) matched weights of tridentata. While restoring sagebrush ecosystems is a multifaceted problem, a fundamental component to restoration is ensuring the appropriate seed is used. We found seed weight is principally affected by genetic factors, with limited environmental effects. Seed weighing is an effective application to assess subspecies purity of wyomingensis and tridentata seed and could be used as a certification step for evaluating commercial collections used in restoration.
Functional identity explains carbon sequestration in a 77‐year‐old experimental tropical plantation
Authors: Bauters Marijn , Ampoorter Evy , Huygens Dries , Kearsley Elizabeth , De Haulleville Thales , Sellan Giacomo , Verbeeck Hans , Boeckx Pascal , Verheyen Kris
Published: October 2015

Planting forests is an important practice for climate change mitigation, especially in the tropics where the carbon (C) sequestration potential is high. Successful implementation of this mitigation practice requires knowledge of the role of species identity and diversity on carbon accrual of plantations. Despite this need, solid data on the long‐term development of forest plantations are still very scarce. Monospecific and two species mixture plots of a 77‐year‐old tree diversity experiment in Yangambi in the Congo basin were fully inventoried. We calculated above‐ground C stocks using allometric equations, and soil C stocks by analyzing soil samples at multiple depths. Linear mixed effects models were used to analyze the effect of taxonomic and functional identity and diversity on the aboveground and soil carbon stocks. A high variability in aboveground C stocks across tree species combinations was observed. Apart from a species identity effect, the proportion of planted species in the total stand basal area (BApl) and effective species richness were identified as compositional parameters with a significant effect on the aboveground carbon (AGC), with BApl being more important. Both AGC and BApl were coupled to the functional identity of the planted species; the planting of short‐lived pioneers led to low AGC. We found no clear benefits, but also no drawbacks, for AGC of two species mixture plots over monospecific plots or including nitrogen fixing species in the plantation scheme. However, the latter was the only compositional parameter with a significant positive effect on the soil carbon stock up to 1 m depth. We conclude that the different plantation configurations gave rise to a wide range in carbon stocks. This was predominantly caused by large differences in AGC sequestration over the past 77 years. Altogether, short‐lived pioneer species had a low BApl resulting in low carbon sequestration, while partial shade tolerant species achieved the highest AGC stocks. Tolerating spontaneous ingrowth during the plantation development can further increase the AGC stock, given that the appropriate functional type is planted.
Lingual Gingival Cyst of the Adult
Authors: Peacock Mark E. , Kao Solon , Abdelsayed Rafik A. , Horne William J. , Woods Regina L. , Krishna Ranjitha
Published: October 2015

Introduction: Gingival cysts of the adult (GCAs) are rare developmental soft tissue cysts usually found on the facial attached gingiva. Documented cases on the lingual aspect are extremely uncommon. This report details a lingual GCA along with distinguishing characteristics of this lesion.

Case Presentation: The patient, a 37‐year‐old female, presented with a firm, round‐shaped, bluish swelling on the lingual gingiva in the interproximal area between teeth #21 and #22. Radiographs revealed a circular radiolucency at the osseous crest. Surgical exploration showed cystic‐appearing tissue with accompanying bone resorption. Histologic examination, along with clinical presentation, confirmed a diagnosis of gingival cyst. Healing was uneventful with no evidence of recurrence at a 5‐month recall.

Conclusions: A GCA is usually of odontogenic origin and occurs typically in the attached gingiva of the mandibular premolar region. Occasionally, it demonstrates radiographic evidence of bone loss from pressure resorption. Its more frequent intraosseous counterpart, the lateral periodontal cyst, shares histopathologic characteristics with the GCA. These findings underscore the importance in establishing a definitive diagnosis.
Iris - Mensajería instantánea para personas con ceguera en dispositivos móviles con pantalla táctil
Authors: Castellano Alvarez Franco , Chavarría Podoliako Paul J. , Barrientos Padilla Alfredo
Published: October 2015

En años recientes, el uso de tabletas y teléfonos o dispositivos inteligentes ha incrementado continuamente gracias a la facilidad y disponibilidad de acceso a la información, entretenimiento y comunicación que ofrecen con su creciente variedad de aplicativos y especialmente su acceso a internet. A diferencia de computadoras o notebooks, estos dispositivos tienen tecnologías para mejorar la usabilidad para personas con dificultades visuales que también pueden ser utilizadas para crear nuevos aplicativos de asistencia sin la necesidad de aparatos externos. Esto genera oportunidades para un desarrollo inclusivo que mantiene la misma portabilidad. Sin embargo, estos dispositivos principalmente usan una pantalla táctil y aún entre sus tecnologías incorporadas, no tienen medios para ingresar datos que sean permitan que personas con ceguera ingresen información por otros medios que no sean su voz o un complejo teclado QWERTY. En este artículo, proponemos el uso de una solución adaptativa que permite al usuario usar la misma pantalla táctil como una alternativa para ingresar datos al simular un teclado Braille y demostramos su uso, además de tecnologías de lector de texto, con una aplicación que permite que una persona ciega chatee mediante mensajes instantáneos.

In recent years, the use of tablets and smartphones (smart devices) has experienced a continuous increase thanks to the ease of ubiquitous access to information, entertainment and communication they offer with their growing variety of applications and, especially, their access to internet. Unlike computers or laptops, these tools have usability-oriented technologies for people with vision impairments that can also be used to build new assistive applications without the need for external gadgets. This offers opportunities for inclusive development maintaining the same portability. However, these devices mainly use just a touchscreen and, even among its inbuilt technologies, they do not have any means of accessible and adequate input that enable the blind to enter information by means other than their voice or the complicated QWERTY keyboard. In this paper we propose the use of an adaptive solution that allows the user to employ the same touchscreen as an alternate input by simulating a Braille keyboard and we demonstrate its use, along with screen reader and text-to-speech technologies, with an application that allows a blind person to chat through instant messaging.
Propuestas de Soluciones TIC emergentes para Personas con Discapacidad
Authors: Villegas Samuel , Talledo Wilfredo , Barrientos Padilla Alfredo
Published: October 2015

En la actualidad existe una gran búsqueda de una inclusión social total dentro del país, en la cual también considera a las personas con alguna deficiencia que les impida realizar actividades comunes en la vida cotidiana. La búsqueda de su mayor participación se potenció con la declaración de la Ley Nº 29973, Ley General de la Persona con Discapacidad (2012), que promueve la inclusión de estas personas, casi el 6% de la población total, en la vida política, económica, social, cultural y tecnológica. Esto crea la necesidad de conocer y saber qué opciones existen para facilitar la adopción de estas personas y también para mejorar su estilo de vida. Esta investigación busca proponer nuevos proyectos que mejoren la independencia y calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad mediante el empleo y/o la adaptación de las características de tecnologías y soluciones existentes. En este trabajo se describe una forma de resolver la limitación comunicativa de los sordomudos con el uso de Creative, una cámara interactiva gestual, en un sistema de reconocimiento de señales; una aplicación de entrenamiento fonético como tratamiento para la pos-cirugía del labio leporino, una aplicación de una nueva interfaz móvil para una mayor accesibilidad de los ciegos, y una aplicación de autoaprendizaje braille con un teclado orientado para ciegos.

Today there is a great quest for a total social inclusion within the country that also considers people with disabilities that impair them from performing common activities in their daily lives. The search for their greater participation has been boosted with the statement of the Law 29973 (Ley General de la Persona con Discapacidad) (2012), that promotes the inclusion of people with disabilities, nearly 6% of the total population, into political, economic, social, cultural and technological life. This creates the need to know and find out what options exist to ease the adoption of these people and also to enhance their lifestyle. This research seeks to propose new projects that improve independence and quality of life for people with disabilities by employing and/or adapting existing features of technologies and solutions. In this paper, we describe a way to solve the communication limitation of the deaf-mute with the use of Creative, an interactive gesture camera, in a sign recognition system; a phonetic training application as a treatment for leporine post-surgery, a new mobile interface app for greater accessibility for the blind, and a braille app for self-learning with an blind-oriented keyboard.
Impacto de la capacitación en negociación en su aplicación práctica durante su gestión laboral
Authors: Talavera Velásquez Oscar Reynaldo
Published: October 2015

Este artículo busca analizar la literatura existente sobre el impacto de la capacitación en negociación en el desempeño de profesionales. Se recolectaron artículos de las bases de datos de Web of Science y se analizaron para identificar los aspectos donde una investigación podría contribuir al conocimiento actual del tema.

Analysis of the impact of training in negotiation on its practical application in management

This artícle analyzes the existing literature on the impact of training in professional development. Articles from the Web of Science database were analyzed to identify aspects where additional research would contributed to current knowledge on the subject.
Determination of Insitu Reservoir Absolute Permeability Under Multiphase Flow Conditions Using Transient Well Testing
Authors: Kamal M. M. , Morsy S. S. , Suleen F. , Pan Y. , Dastan A. , Stuart M. R. , Mire E. C. , Zakariya Z.
Published: October 2015

A new method using transient well testing to determine the in-situ absolute permeability of the formation when three phases of fluids are flowing simultaneously in the reservoir is presented. The method was verified through simulation using synthetic data and its applicability and practicality were confirmed through application to field data. Determining the absolute permeability over the reservoir scale using readily available transient testing data will have major benefits in accelerating history matching and improving reservoir performance prediction

A recently developed method (Kamal and Pan, 2010) to determine the in-situ absolute permeability under two-phase flowing conditions extended the applicability of transient well testing and has been adopted in commercial software. In this study: We extend the analysis method to determine the absolute permeability and fluids saturations when three phases are flowing in the reservoir. We show that an optimization procedure is needed to obtain the required results in this case.We show that the theoretical bases for the method presented to determine absolute permeability from transient tests under multiphase flow conditions are the same as those used in obtaining relative permeability relations from core analysis and predicting reservoir performance in reservoir simulation studies.

The method presented in this study uses surface flow rates, and fluid properties of the three phases. It also uses the same relative permeability relations used in the simulation models thus ensuring the same permeability values calculated from field data are used in history matching and predicting the performance of the reservoir. The method was verified by comparing the results from analyzing several synthetic tests that were produced by numerical simulation with the input values. Data from a deep water field were also used to test the practicality and validity of the method. For the field case, the method was verified by matching reservoir production and pressure using calculated absolute permeability. Excellent agreements were obtained for both synthetic and field cases.
Sourceless Formation Evaluation and Geomechanics While Drilling: A Case History
Authors: Azim Shaikh Abdul , Turky Huda A , Thakuria Nabajyoti , Khesroh Sawsan , Aki Ahmet , Abdulkarim Anar , Samie Mohamed
Published: October 2015

A combination of nuclear magnetic-resonance (NMR) and azimuthal acoustic tools has recently become an optional sourceless porosity logging-while-drilling (LWD) tool. This tool combination was used in Kuwait as a part of the bottomhole assembly (BHA) only once before, but this time, we were able to draw a comparison with density-neutron logs taken from the same well as it was run in wipe mode for a specific interval.

A deviated 8.5-in. pilot hole was planned through sand-shale sequences in a geological section which is deemed to be critical from a borehole-stability point of view. Borehole deterioration and significant variations in pore pressure can increase the risk for the drillstring to become stuck in hole. The use of conventional porosity tools in an LWD BHA with radioactive sources would elevate the risks to an environmental-hazard level. In addition, retrievable-based sources can also be problematic during extraction in high-angle wells.

LWD NMR and azimuthal acoustic tools, free of radioactive sources, were run in an LWD tool combination, with the primary objective to measure porosity, pressure prediction, and possible anisotropy using a centralized four-axis acoustic caliper.

Previous experiences in the same geological setting encountered borehole enlargements by approximately 5 in. after only 15 to 16 hours. LWD helped bypass this issue and acquire high-quality data before borehole enlargement occurred. Additionally, indications of the presence of possible rock anisotropy were observed. The results were then correlated and matched to offset well data as well as with existing field geomechanics knowledge.

This paper presents the planning, design, and execution of using LWD NMR and azimuthal acoustic tools in this well. It also discusses the viability, integrity, and robustness of logged data as well as interpreted results. Optimization of real-time drilling operations and petrophysical data-acquisition requirements are also investigated to improve future field development and overall reservoir-management strategies.