bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Điều trị nội khoa theo khuyến cáo cho bệnh nhân suy tim cấp trước xuất viện
Authors: Nguyễn Lâm Thịnh , Nguyễn Minh Kha , Trần Nguyễn Phương Hải , Hoàng Văn Sỹ
Published: October 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Suy tim là một hội chứng đa diện và đe dọa tính mạng được đặc trưng bởi tỉ lệ mắc bệnh và tử vong đáng kể, giảm khả năng hoạt động và giảm chất lượng cuộc sống. Dù đã có rất nhiều tiến bộ trong điều trị, tỉ lệ tử vong của các bệnh nhân suy tim vẫn còn rất cao. Tỉ lệ tử vong của bệnh nhân suy tim sau 5 năm chẩn đoán vẫn ở mức khoảng 50%. Tại Việt Nam chưa có nhiều nghiên cứu khảo sát tỉ lệ sử dụng các nhóm thuốc nền tàng điều trị suy tim trên bệnh nhân suy tim cấp trước xuất viện.

Mục tiêu: Xác định tỉ lệ chỉ định các thuốc điều trị nội khoa theo khuyến cáo trên bệnh nhân suy tim cấp trước xuất viện.

Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Đây là nghiên cứu cắt ngang mô tả trên đối tượng bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán suy tim cấp nhập viện tại khoa Nội Tim mạch, bệnh viện Chợ Rẫy từ tháng 11/2023 đến tháng 2/2024.

Kết quả: Từ tháng 11/2023 đến tháng 2/2024 có 140 bệnh nhân được chọn vào nghiên cứu. Trong đó nam giới có 69 bệnh nhân (chiếm 49,3%). Tuổi trung vị là 66 (55-74) tuổi. Tỉ lệ bệnh cơ tim thiếu máu cục bộ trong dân số là 62,9%. Trong các thuốc điều trị suy tim trước xuất viện, nhóm thuốc ức chế hệ Renin - Angiotensin - Aldosterone (RAA) chiếm tỉ lệ cao nhất với 70,7%, thấp nhất là nhóm thuốc SGLT2i với 37,9%. Trong phân nhóm suy tim EF giảm, tỉ lệ bệnh nhân được sử dụng đầy đủ 4 nhóm thuốc nền tảng là 17,0% và có đến 92,0% bệnh nhân được sử dụng ít nhất 1 trong 4 nhóm thuốc nền tảng. Tỉ lệ các nhóm thuốc ACEi/ARB, ARNI, chẹn thụ thể beta giao cảm, lợi tiểu kháng Aldosterone và SGLT2i được sử dụng trên bệnh nhân suy tim EF giảm trước xuất viện lần lượt là 48,9%, 25,0%, 43,2%, 75,0% và 37,9%.

Kết luận: Tỉ lệ bệnh nhân được sử dụng nhóm thuốc SGLT2i trong dân số chung cũng như bệnh nhân suy tim EF giảm được sử dụng đầy đủ 4 nhóm thuốc nền tảng còn thấp, giống với thực trạng chung trên thế giới. Cần có sự quan tâm đúng mức và các biện pháp phù hợp hơn để cải thiện tỉ lệ sử dụng các thuốc nền tảng trong thời gian trước xuất viện ở bệnh nhân suy tim cấp nhập viện.

Từ khóa: suy tim cấp; tử vong; điều trị nội khoa tối ưu
Scientific evidence in biodiversity conservation rarely crosses language barriers in citation networks
Authors: Hannah Kelsey , Fuller Richard , Smith Rebecca , Sutherland William , Amano Tatsuya
Published: October 2024

Using relevant scientific evidence is crucial to effectively conserve species and ecosystems worldwide. Currently, evidence that is available only in non-English languages is severely underutilised. To understand most underutilised languages of evidence and factors that facilitate the use of non-English-language evidence, this study analyses the citation patterns of articles testing the effectiveness of conservation actions, published in English and 15 non-English languages. Our results showed that non-English-language articles received significantly fewer English citations than English-language articles. Hungarian, Polish, Korean, and Russian articles were particularly under-cited in English. Despite lower English citations, many non-English-language articles had high citations within their own languages, indicating their value within local conservation communities. Non-English-language articles with English abstracts received more English citations. The content of the article, such as having a more robust study design or assessing threatened species, was not significantly associated with the number of English citations received. Our findings highlight the importance of increasing the visibility and recognition of non-English-language articles, especially those in currently underutilised languages, for a more comprehensive understanding of global conservation challenges. Providing a translated English abstract has a potential to increase the readership of an article by increasing the accessibility to those who can understand English.
Visible Thinking in the Languages Classroom: Building Deeper Understanding and Student Engagement
Authors: Ibrahim Suliman Ahmed Mukhtar
Published: October 2024

This document has been developed to support our statewide staff meeting on ‘Thinking for deeper understanding and engagement in the languages classroom’, presented in 2021. You can access the recording on our YouTube channel. The presentation was based on the work of Project Zero, an initiative from Harvard University that focuses on creating a culture of thinking in the classroom. This guide looks at some of the ideas and thinking tools from Project Zero, contextualised for the languages classroom. We’ll look at ways to make thinking visible, to value the thinking of all class members and how to advance the thinking of the group to deepen understanding. Let’s take a moment to visualise a ‘thinking’ languages classroom. What sorts of things would we see, which are evidence that students are thinking about what they are learning and how they are learning? It could be activities, resources, actions or interactions. Implementing a few of the ideas in this guide can quickly change the culture in your classroom, as routines for learning and thinking begin to replace routines regarding behaviour. You may find that classroom management issues decrease as students gain confidence in their learning and also become more independent and engaged learners. Their relationship with you, as their teacher, and with each other may also grow as a result. Student learning outcomes also improve as the class collectively moves from a fixed mindset to a growth mindset.
El impacto de las mujeres mayas y mestizas en la literatura: aspectos filosóficos y culturales
Authors: Guzmán Fernández Evelin Belén
Published: October 2024

Este artículo aborda la doble dominación enfrentada por las mujeres mayas y mestizas en el ámbito literario, marcada por su condición de género y su identidad indígena o mestiza. Se revela el desplazamiento cultural que enfrentan sus obras en el panorama literario, destacando la necesidad de visibilizarlas a través del análisis de algunas de sus representantes. Dividido en dos capítulos, el artículo explora la falta de difusión de las obras de escritoras mayas y mestizas. El primer capítulo fundamenta filosóficamente la dominación y desigualdad de las mujeres en la literatura, resaltando la sumisión de los pueblos originarios ante las grandes ciudades. También analiza la representación de la mujer y su rol en la sociedad, enfatizando la necesidad de nombrar a la mujer a través de sus propias obras y experiencias. El segundo capítulo destaca la importancia de dar a conocer el bagaje cultural ignorado en México a través de la literatura de estas mujeres, particularmente en relación con la cosmogonía, tradiciones y sabiduría de los pueblos indígenas. Se realiza un análisis de las obras de María Luisa Góngora Pacheco y Elvia Cirerol, destacando el carácter apropiativo de esta literatura. Además, se reconoce el logro de estas autoras al 1) acercar a los niños a la literatura y la filosofía, y 2) desafiar la exposición del cuerpo femenino como algo digno de ser nombrado. Este análisis estimula una aproximación crítica, resaltando la urgencia de re-aprender la literatura y la filosofía, así como transformar el papel de la mujer en la sociedad actual.
Sosialisasi Pembacaan Label pada Kemasan Produk Pangan bagi Orang Tua dan Guru Di TK Insani 1, Tambun Selatan, Bekasi
Authors: Riandini Andini Putri , Adriansyah Putri Nabila Adinda , Putri Isria Miharti Maherni , Wulandari Septiayu Restu , Astuti Retno Fitri
Published: October 2024

Anak usia dini sedang mengalami masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang pesat. Gizi merupakan salah satu faktor mutlak yang diperlukan oleh tubuh dan memegang peranan penting dalam menunjang tumbuh kembang anak. Setiap harinya anak usia dini memerlukan asupan gizi yang cukup dan seimbang. Orang tua dan guru sebagai lingkungan terdekat anak memiliki peran sangat sentral terhadap pemenuhan gizi anak. Saat ini komsumsi pangan kemasan meningkat. Menurut survey yang kami lakukan 100% orangtua dan guru suka membeli makanan. Permasalahannya, orang tua dan guru belum mempedulikan label pada kemasan pangan, terbukti 3 dari 5 orangtua murid tidak mengetahui cara membaca label yang tertera pada kemasan. Pemahaman dan pengetahuan terkait label menjadi penting agar kita mengetahui kesehatan dan keamanan dari pangan yang kita konsumsi. Kegiatan penyuluhan berupa sosialisasi cara membaca label pada kemasan pangan yang diadakan di TK Insani 1, Kecamatan Tambun Selatan, Kabupaten Bekasi. Kegiatan seminar ini dimaksudkan agar para orang tua murid dan guru, mampu membaca label pada kemasan pangan yang sering dikonsumi sehingga anak usia dini memiliki pola makan yang lebih sehat dengan gizi yang cukup dan seimbang untuk menunjang pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya. Hasil dari penyuluhan ini adalah adanya peningkatan pengetahuan terkait dengan pembacaan label kemasan sebesar 58%.
PENDAMPINGAN PENGOLAHAN DAN PEMASARAN PRODUK TAHU SUTRA DI UMKM KURNIA JAYA, MALANG
Authors: Julian Andre , Yulistiani Ratna
Published: October 2024

UMKM Kurnia Jaya didirikan pada tahun 1995 dan memproduksi produk tahu sutra, tetapi memiliki kapasitas produksi yang masih rendah karena belum memiliki pengetahuan tentang cara pengolahan tahu sutra yang memenuhi standar keamanan pangan serta strategi pemasaran yang efektif dan efisien. Kegiatan pengabdian melalui program magang PKM DRTPM dilakukan untuk memperbaiki proses pengolahan dan memperluas pemasaran produk tahu sutra agar dapat bersaing dengan kompetitor lain yang menghasilkan produk sejenis. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian dilakukan melalui pendampingan pengolahan dan pemasaran produk tahu sutra pada pemilik UMKM Kurnia Jaya. Hasil dari kegiatan ini yaitu dapat meningkatkan wawasan dan keterampilan pemilik UMKM Kurnia Jaya dalam pengolahan tahu sutra sesuai standar keamanan pangan serta mampu memperluas wilayah pemasaran produk, sehingga permintaan terhadap produk meningkat dan pengolahan produk dilakukan secara berkelanjutan.
Education on Good and Correct Body Posture when Sitting to Prevent Changes in Spinal Posture
Authors: Diandra Ernanda Zainovita , Pratiwi Yunita Rahayu , Agustyaningsih Nur Afni , Fadhillah Siti , Rasyidi Arbaatur , Fatmarizka Tiara , Pristianto Arif , Wahyuni Wahyuni
Published: October 2024

The current period is when children, especially those of school age, spend a lot of time in a sitting position, both at school during class time and at home in front of laptop, gadget, or television. If the sitting position is not ergonomic, it can cause children to experience back pain problems at a young age. Therefore, efforts need to be made to prevent this incident by providing knowledge about good and correct body posture when sitting and the impacts that result if the sitting position is wrong. This activity aims to increase students’ understanding of good and correct body posture when sitting. Extension activities are carried out using the lecture method and media in the form of posters and leaflets. Evaluation is carried out by checking posture and taking a short quiz both before and after the material delivery process. The results showed that of the 46 students, 25 experienced increased knowledge, while 21 were still sitting in the wrong position. The conclusion from this activity is that there is an increase in knowledge of good and correct body posture when sitting in grade 3 elementary school students.
Financial Strategies of State Universities in Transition to Public Service Agencies: A Case Study of Universitas Bangka Belitung
Authors: Persada Topan , Wati Lela Nurlaela , Geraldina Ira
Published: October 2024

In response to the challenges of globalization and the need to increase financial flexibility, many state universities (PTN) in Indonesia have chosen to transition to becoming public service agencies (BLU). This step is expected to provide greater autonomy in financial and resource management while increasing the competitiveness of institutions. This study aims to analyze PTN’s financial management strategy for transitioning to BLU status using a case study at Universitas Bangka Belitung (UBB). The research approach used is qualitative descriptive with the SWOT analysis method to evaluate internal and external factors influencing the transition process. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, documentation studies, and observations of financial policies and practices at UBB. The research results revealed that the transition to BLU offers significant flexibility in financial management, allowing UBB to be more independent in using non-tax state revenue (PNBP). This directly contributes to improving operational efficiency and institutional competitiveness. However, several major challenges must be addressed, such as limited infrastructure, lack of highly qualified teaching staff, and competition with other state universities with BLU or PTN-BH status. This study also found that the greatest opportunities for Universitas Bangka Belitung (UBB) lie in optimizing assets and expanding industrial cooperation, primarily through the Kampus Merdeka program. In conclusion, UBB can leverage its BLU status to enhance the institution’s competitiveness by implementing more flexible financial management, but it requires a clear strategy to tackle internal challenges. Recommendations include increasing the teaching staff’s capacity, optimizing assets, and developing strategic partnerships with industry.
دراسة تحليله مقارنة بين التنفس لدورة ذراعين واحدة وثلاث دورات في بعض المتغيرات البايوكينماتيكية لسباحة 50 متر حرة لسباحي المنتخب العراقي للشباب
Authors: Prof. Dr. Arif Mohsen Al-Hasawi  , Asst. Prof. Dr. Mumtaz Ahmed Amin
Published: October 2024

هدف البحث الى التعرف على قيم بعض المتغيرات البايوكينماتيكية والانجاز باستخدام التنفس لمرة واحدة ودورة واحدة وثلاث دورات للذراعين وتنفس واحد في سباحة ٥٠م حرة للرجال. والمقارنة بين قيم بعض المتغيرات البايوكينماتيكية والانجاز باستخدام انواع التنفس المستخدمة في سباحة ٥٠م حرة لسباحو المنتخب الوطني العراقي الشباب. وافترض الباحثان وجود فروق ذات دلالة معنوية بين بعض المتغيرات البايوكينماتيكية والإنجازين انواع مختلفة من التنفس لدورة ذراعين واحدة وثلاث دورات وتنفس واحد في سباحة ٥٠م حرة لمنتخب الشباب العراقي. تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي المقارن بأسلوب المسح التحليلي لملائمته ومشكلة البحث وشمل مجتمع البحث سباحو منتخب العراق الشباب في السباحة الحرة اخذ منهم (5) خمسة سباحين.
“You don’t need to be fixed”: Working with a neurodiverse family
Authors: Hardy Ann
Published: October 2024

This article describes the author’s experience of working with a couple, where one partner had diagnoses of attention deficit disorder (ADD) and Asperger’s syndrome (AS), and whose only child had diagnoses of syndrome without a name (SWAN) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It explores how neurodiversity impacted their relationship, and charts the couple’s progress from viewing neurodiversity, and the neurodivergent partner, as a problem to be fixed, to recognising the differences each half of the couple brought to their relationship and to viewing those differences as something about which they could be curious, and even embracing. Reference is made to the impact of neurodiversity, present in both families of origin, on the partners’ initial unconscious attraction, projective system, and couple fit. The author explores her own transference and countertransference as the mother of an autistic child, from whose father she was separated. Finally, the issue of therapist self‐disclosure (of lived experience of neurodiversity) is considered.
The evolution of family creation via sperm donation: New perspectives on family and parenthood
Authors: Barth Lena
Published: October 2024

The presence of diversity constitutes a valuable asset, playing a pivotal role in fostering social cohesion within pluralistic societies. Despite the existence of diverse family structures, there often exists a tendency to compare parenthood and family dynamics against a prevailing hegemonic norm. This norm exhibits variations and is the result of cultural, social, and historical contexts. The objective of this report of our research study is to elucidate the phenomenon of family creation through sperm donation in Germany. Employing qualitative interviews, the individual experiences of two groups who utilise sperm donation as a means of family formation were explored: lesbian couples and solo mothers. A historical perspective on family and sperm donation provides valuable insights into early variations of family concepts. The results are interpreted on a psychodynamic level, amongst other things associated with the concept of ambiguity tolerance, oedipal constellations and triangulation. Further, therapeutic implications of the presented topics are given. This article strives to offer insights and psychodynamic perspectives on the notions and significance of family and parenthood that transcend the constraints of conventional norms.
Transference and countertransference in couples therapy
Authors: Glausius Krisztina
Published: October 2024

This article, initially presented as part of the series “Lectures from the Tavistock Relationship Model”, aims to give a brief overview of the development and current understanding and usage of the central psychoanalytic concepts of transference and countertransference in psychoanalytic couple therapy. The article discusses the clinical manifestations of the above concepts and compares and contrasts these phenomena in couple work with how they might manifest in individual analytic treatment. The author argues that the terrain of transference and countertransference in analytically informed couple therapy is multi‐layered, offering challenges and opportunities for the therapist. Some of the clinical challenges of working analytically with couples in the transference and formulating interpretations based on the therapist’s countertransference are highlighted. It is suggested that, while the triangular setting of psychoanalytic couple therapy can invite enactments that draw in the therapist, these enactments taking place in the triadic setting made up of the couple and their therapist also offer rich opportunities for working through the couple‐patients’ deepseated oedipal complexes which permeate the problematic relationship presented in couple therapy. The above is illustrated throughout by reference to historical texts from the Tavistock Relationship tradition, as well as literary examples, such as Jane Austen’s novel, 'Persuasion'.
A MODEL FOR PHYSICS PRACTICAL WORK USING MOBILE LEARNING AND LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (LMS) IN HIGHER EDUCATION: DESIGN, VALIDATION, AND EVALUATION
Authors: Amaaz Aziz , Mouradi Abderrahman , Erradi Moahamed
Published: October 2024

Despite the importance of physics practical work in higher education, its implementation is often hampered by various constraints and problems. Technology, such as learning management systems (LMS) and mobile learning, can offer solutions to some of these problems and enrich students' learning experiences. Therefore, this research proposes a model called Practical Works in Physics via Mobile Learning and LMS (PWP-MLMS) that exploits features of LMSs and mobile devices to overcome specific challenges encountered in physics practical works and improve students' performance in these works. The model was designed, validated, and evaluated within the teaching context of a Moroccan university. To assess the model's effectiveness,128 students in the Bachelor of Education, Physics-Chemistry specialization were randomly divided into two groups of 64 students each: an experimental group using the model for practical work on the topic of rectification and filtering in the electronics module, and a control group following the conventional method for the same practical work. The results of the evaluation showed that the proposed model can significantly reduce the time required to complete the practical work, have a positive influence on the students' technical skills, and improve the quality of their laboratory reports.
Keywords: mobile learning, LMS, practical work, physics education, higher education
LINKING SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS WITH STUDENTS’ PERSONAL DAILY LIVES: USING THE METAPHYSICAL MEANING OF SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS
Authors: Kim Min Kyung , Park Jongwon
Published: October 2024

The declining interest in science learning, along with students' perception that science is irrelevant to their daily lives, has been identified as a significant issue. This research aimed to help students connect abstract scientific concepts with their personal and everyday experiences. To achieve this, the research utilized the metaphysical principles implied by scientific concepts, a component of Kuhn’s paradigm. To replace the abstract term ‘metaphysical meanings’, the term ‘Meaning of Life implied by Scientific Concepts’ (MLS) was introduced to make these metaphysical principles more accessible and comprehensible for students. Using MLS, activity sheets were developed and implemented with 57 lower-secondary students. The results showed that students could effectively identify real-life examples of the presented MLS, the number of students who successfully generated MLS increased with additional class sessions, and the content of the MLS expressed by the students was thoughtful and meaningful. Post-activity interviews indicated that students found this approach interesting and helpful for understanding concepts, and teachers were impressed by the quality of the students' work, expressing a desire to implement this approach in their classes. It is concluded that using MLS to connect abstract scientific concepts with students' everyday lives is both feasible and applicable in school science.
Keywords: Metaphysical Principle, Scientific Concepts, Everyday Context, Kuhn’s Paradigm
Post-infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans (PIBO): A review
Authors: Kabir A R M Luthful , Roy Sudipta
Published: October 2024

Abstract not available
BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2023; VOL 47 (1) : 5-8
Spirometric Values of Healthy School Children in Three Rural Schools of Bangladesh
Authors: Adnan Mohammad Ahad , Hossain Md Delwar , Islam Tania , Asaduzzaman Md , Hossain Umme Saima
Published: October 2024

Background: The prevalence of asthma in Bangladesh is about 7%. The spirometric values in healthy children were obtained in a single urban school more than a decade ago. No rural data is available till date. The objective of this study is to determine the spirometric values of healthy school going children in three rural schools of Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2019 to June 2020 among 300 healthy children among both boys and girls aged 11 to 15 years in three rural schools. Among 350 approached students 332 students responded to the study, 18 students did not meet inclusion criteria and 14 students could not follow spirometry procedure. Informed written consent was taken from guardians. History regarding socio-demographic profile, passive smoking, concurrent or past respiratory illness and medication were taken and weight, height and BMI were measured of the children. Spirometry was done with spirometer and reports were generated by software installed in a laptop.
Results: Boys showed higher FVC, FEV1 and PEFR but lower FEV1/FVC ratio than those of girls. Regression equations for lung function values were determined for boys and girls considering height as independent variable.
Conclusions: Spirometric indices were higher in boys than those of girls and they tended to increase with height, except FEV1/FVC ratio that was higher in girls with a negative correlation with height.
BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2023; VOL 47 (1) : 17-23
Externalizing Behaviors of Children as Predicted by Maternal Psychological Well-being
Authors: Roy Kishor , Muhammad Noor
Published: October 2024

Most of the behaviors of children depend on their parents’ psychological well-being. This study investigated the relationship of maternal psychological well-being with externalizing behaviors of children. A Personal Information Form (PIF), an adapted self-reported Bangla version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and an adapted General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were administered on 800 (400 children, 400 mothers) participants to collect data. The children were selected from ten Bangla medium high schools in Dhaka city and their age ranges from 11 to 13 years. The schools and the children were selected using a multistage random sampling technique. The Correlation co-efficient indicated that externalizing behavior in children and mother psychological well-being were significantly positively correlated. Results also showed that somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction, and severe depression of mothers were significantly correlated with externalizing behavior of children. Multiple regression analysis results showed that mothers' anxiety and insomnia alone accounted for 46.9% of the variation and was the most powerful predictor of externalizing behavior.  The other significant predictors were severe depression, somatic symptoms, and social dysfunction. All the predictors explained jointly 56.1% of variance in externalizing behavior of children. The implications of the findings have been discussed in the light of theory and scientific evidence from the previous studies.
Jagannath University Journal of Science, Volume 11, Number 1, Jun. 2024, pp. 1−12
Estimation of the Effective Radiation Dose in Nuclear Medicine Workers from Dhaka by Measuring Radioactivity in Urine Sample Resulting from Internal Exposure
Authors: Shanta Shuvro Dev , Ferdous Jannatul , Yeasmin Farjana , Khan Md Hafizer Rahman , Kakolee KF
Published: October 2024

This study estimates the effective doses and activity concentration from 151 urine samples which are collected from 15 (Fifteen) occupational workers at National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science (NINMAS) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The radioactivity concentration   in urine sample is due to intake of I-131, Tc-99m and F-18. The samples have been analyzed using High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. The radioactivity of I-131 and Tc-99m was found 0.91 ± 0.26 BqL-1 to 504.49 ± 6.03 BqL-1 and 0.15 ± 0.21 BqL-1 to 191.19 ± 6.98 BqL-1 respectively. Radioactivity of F-18 was found from 0.031 ± 0.022 BqL-1 to 0.282 ± 0.065 BqL-1. The effective doses of occupational workers have been also calculated using the radioactivity concentration and the dose coefficient according to ICRP publication 78.
Jagannath University Journal of Science, Volume 11, Number 1, June 2024, pp. 64−80
Prinsip Etika Bisnis Islam dalam Menghadapi Persaingan Bisnis Berdasarkan Surah An-Nisa Ayat 29
Authors: WAHIB ABUL MAWAHIB.R , Ippa Ippa Syahida , Irwan Irwan Misbach
Published: October 2024

Pendekatan etika bisnis dapat memberikan model manajemen bisnis bagi pelaku usaha agar memiliki landasan, arah, dan tujuan yang jelas, sehingga bijak dalam mengelola bisnis. Melalui pendekatan etika bisnis Islam sebagai fondasi berbisnis, pelaku usaha mempunyai suatu paradigma yang kokoh dalam menghadapi persaingan bisnis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan kepustakaan dengan mengelaborasi data yang diperoleh dari berbagai sumber yang relevan untuk dianalisis kedalam suatu konsep model bisnis dan etika dalam Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep bisnis yang dijabarkan dalam surah An-Nisa ayat 29 memberikan renungan bagi pelaku usaha untuk memahami tentang apa yang boleh dan dilarang dalam berbisnis. Selain itu, surah An-Nisa ayat 29 memberikan penekanan bahwa para pelaku usaha dalam mengelola bisnis perlu menekankan pada empat aspek, yaitu: meluruskan persepsi tentang harta, tidak melakukan kebatilan, mencapai kerelaan, dan tidak melakukan kezhaliman, sehingga melalui keempat poin tersebut para pelaku usaha mempunyai paradigma yang kokoh dalam berbisnis dan dapat bersaing secara sehat serta tidak merugikan pihak lain.
Konsep Perdamaian Perspektif Al-Qur’an dan Tripitaka
Authors: Ziatohri  , Nadiah Hajjah
Published: October 2024

Al-Qur’an menggunakan term al-Shulh atau al-Ishlah dalam mengungkapkan perdamaian yang disebutkan sebanyak 180 dengan berbagai bentuk dan derivasinya, selain itu juga term yang digunakan ialah al-Islam atau al-Silm yang disebutkan sebanyak 135 dengan berbagai macam bentuk dan derivasinya sehingga dari kata al-Shulh dan al-Silm tersebut memiliki makna perdamaian, keselamatan, rasa cinta, kasih sayang, kerukunan, kesabaran dan keharmonisan. Begitu juga dalam mengungkapkan kata perdamaian agama Buddha menggunakan istilah Piya Vagga, Buddha Vagga atau Pandita Vagga dan Dana yang bermakna kecintaan, keharmonisan, dan kebijaksanaan. Dana yang bermakna kerelaan (ketenangan), piyavacca mempunyai makna keharmonisan, dan ketika berbicara harus menggunakan sopan santun, dan yang terakhir adalah santi atau shanti yang bermakna keselamatan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sebuah perdamaian sangat dijunjung tinggi, baik dalam Islam dan Buddha. Selain itu juga memberikan tuntunan kepada para pemeluknya untuk selalu menebarkan kasih sayang dan akhlak yang baik di muka bumi, karena dengan hal yang demikian tersebut akan terciptanya sebuah hubungan yang harmonis, penuh perdamaian, kerukunan, dan toleransi. Penelitian ini menggunakan kajian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan metode komparatif dengan membandingkan antara Kitab Suci Al-Qur’an dengan Tripitaka. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebuah konsep perdamaian dalam Agama Islam dan Buddha, diantaranya: 1) menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai persaudaraan tanpa harus memandang suku, ras, dan budaya serta keyakinan. 2) memerintahkan kepada para pemeluknya untuk selalu bersabar (menahan amarah/emosi) dan menghindari sebuah pertengkaran serta perpecahan. 3) mengajarkan sebuah toleransi dan menebarkan rasa kasih sayang terhadap semua mahluk hidup.
Cutting-Edge Algorithms for Monotone Graph Classes
Authors:   , Pandey Sukanya
Published: October 2024

In this thesis, we continue the research on well-known NP-hard problems
by looking at them from two lenses, namely, parameterized complexity and
restriction of input to classes of graphs forbidding certain subgraphs. In the first part, we study the parameterized as well as classical complexity of the well-known problem Edge-Multiway Cut with input restricted to planar graphs. We show that for the parameter terminal face cover number, we can solve Edge Multiway Cut in subexponential time. We also show that both Edge and Node Multiway Cut are NP-hard on planar, subcubic graphs.
In the second part, we describe a framework to classify the complexity of problems on H-subgraph-free graphs. We demonstrate that a large number of well-known problem fit into this framework. We end this part with the study of the complexity of problems that almost fit the framework, on H-subgraph-free graphs.
Foraminiferal diversity and novel trace elements for carbonate system proxies
Authors:   , Pacho Sampedro Laura
Published: October 2024

This thesis is part of ongoing efforts to improve reconstructions of past environments and climates. These reconstructions are highly urgent because of the rate and magnitude of current climate change, our planet rapidly changes. Finding past analogues for future conditions can provide insight into ongoing climate change. Fossils of foraminifera (single-celled marine organisms that build calcium carbonate shells) provide information on past seawater temperature, salinity, pH, etc. due to differences in the incorporation of elements and fractionation of isotopes during the formation of their tiny shells. This thesis investigates the process of biomineralization, both to understand the foraminiferal shell composition and to seek novel ways to use the elemental composition of the carbonate to reconstruct past conditions. One of the main outcomes of this work is that calcification pathways among foraminifera are highly diverse. Variability in biological mechanisms by which foraminifera produce their shells needs to be considered when evaluating geochemical signatures. Another result highlights the potential of a new climate reconstruction tool in the form of incorporated potassium (K), commonly expressed as its ratio to calcium, or K/Ca. Contrary to incorporation of some other elements (for example the popular reconstruction tools Mg and Na which are used to reconstruct past temperature and salinity), incorporation of potassium does not depend on seawater calcium concentrations. This means that K/Ca in fossil foraminifera reflect primarily seawater potassium concentrations, allowing for reconstruction of the oceanic potassium inventory, which in turn reflects processes like continental weathering , in which rocks are slowly dissolving onto the oceans. In my thesis, I conclude that potassium may be particularly suitable for such reconstructions as incorporation of other elements often rely on calcium concentrations in seawater, which may or may not vary in concert with the other major seawater elements.
Clumped Isotopologues of Methane
Authors:   , Sivan Malavika
Published: October 2024

Methane (CH4) is one of the most potent greenhouse gases, significantly contributing to global climate change. Although its atmospheric concentration is much lower than that of carbon dioxide, the higher global warming potential of methane makes it a critical component in climate system studies. Accurate identification and quantification of its sources are crucial for understanding the methane cycle and mitigating its impact on the atmosphere.

Clumped isotopologues of methane have emerged as additional tracers for studying the atmospheric methane budget. This thesis provides novel insights into the clumped isotope composition of methane (CH4), emphasising method development, current and historical atmospheric CH4 composition and biogenic CH4 production pathways. A robust analytical system for extracting and measuring the complete set of single and double substituted isotopologues of CH4 was successfully developed, ensuring high precision and accuracy across diverse sample types. From our first direct measurements of the atmospheric 13CH3D and 12CH2D2, we conclude that the previously known source composition and sink fractionations must be revised.

Following this, our examination of firn air samples from Greenland revealed a significant change in clumped isotopes over the past three decades, offering new constraints on the Kinetic Isotope Effects (KIEs) of atmospheric sinks and insight into the effect of source-sink disequilibrium on the temporal evolution of Δ12CH2D2, in particular. Additionally, our investigation of biogenic CH4 production in marine sediments unveils distinct isotopic signatures associated with different methanogenic pathways, enhancing our understanding of microbial contributions to the isotopic composition of atmospheric CH4. Overall, this thesis contributes to the clumped isotope measurements for source signatures and variability in the atmosphere.
Decoding Environmental Chemical Impacts on Metabolic Health through OMICs
Authors:   , Cai Anran
Published: October 2024

Metabolic disorders, a group of conditions that occur when the body's normal metabolic processes are disrupted, have emerged as a major global health
problem. These conditions, which include obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and metabolic syndrome, pose significant risks to human health and quality of life, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality (2). They are particularly concerning in vulnerable groups such as pediatric populations. This alarming trend has prompted critical research into risk factors that contribute to metabolic disorders, challenging the traditional view that attributes these disorders only to lifestyle factors such as diet and lack of physical activity. Ample evidence has been collected demonstrating that these disorders can also result from exposure to chemicals present in the environment, known as metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs).

This dissertation decoded the interplay between environmental chemical exposures and metabolic disorders in pediatric populations and applied OMICs to decipher the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis. The findings of this dissertation offer actionable insights for policymakers, regulatory bodies, and public health practitioners aiming to mitigate the adverse effects of environmental chemical exposures on metabolic health. First, the observed associations of specific chemical exposures, such as PCB-153, Cu, MEP, MBzP, and certain PFAS (i.e., PFOA, PFOS, POSF, PFNA, PFHxS), underscore the need for ongoing monitoring and targeted regulatory measures to limit their prevalence in the environment and human exposure. Second, the biomarkers discovered in this dissertation should undergo further validation in an optimized study design (e.g., large cohort over extended periods) with sufficient power, as they have the potential to offer tangible indicators for assessing metabolic disorder risks, thereby facilitating disease prevention and early intervention strategies. Essentially, this dissertation emphasized that identifying biomarkers, creating easy-to-measure indicators of health outcomes, and adopting a holistic approach to understanding and alleviating the health impacts of MDCs are imminent. Incorporating these research findings into evidence synthesis and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration would be crucial to establishing evidence-based regulations and initiatives. This, in turn, would effectively safeguard the well-being of vulnerable populations and promote healthier environments for future generations.
FedNIC: enhancing privacy-preserving federated learning via homomorphic encryption offload on SmartNIC
Authors: Choi Sean , Patel Disha , Zad Tootaghaj Diman , Cao Lianjie , Ahmed Faraz , Sharma Puneet
Published: October 2024

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for secure distributed machine learning model training across multiple clients or devices, enabling model training without having to share data across the clients. However, recent studies revealed that FL could be vulnerable to data leakage and reconstruction attacks even if the data itself are never shared with another client. Thus, to resolve such vulnerability and improve the privacy of all clients, a class of techniques, called privacy-preserving FL, incorporates encryption techniques, such as homomorphic encryption (HE), to encrypt and fully protect model information from being exposed to other parties. A downside to this approach is that encryption schemes like HE are very compute-intensive, often causing inefficient and excessive use of client CPU resources that can be used for other uses. To alleviate this issue, this study introduces a novel approach by leveraging smart network interface cards (SmartNICs) to offload compute-intensive HE operations of privacy-preserving FL. By employing SmartNICs as hardware accelerators, we enable efficient computation of HE while saving CPU cycles and other server resources for more critical tasks. In addition, by offloading encryption from the host to another device, the details of encryption remain secure even if the host is compromised, ultimately improving the security of the entire FL system. Given such benefits, this paper presents an FL system named FedNIC that implements the above approach, with an in-depth description of the architecture, implementation, and performance evaluations. Our experimental results demonstrate a more secure FL system with no loss in model accuracy and up to 25% in reduced host CPU cycle, but with a roughly 46% increase in total training time, showing the feasibility and tradeoffs of utilizing SmartNICs as an encryption offload device in federated learning scenarios. Finally, we illustrate promising future study and potential optimizations for a more secure and privacy-preserving federated learning system.
Snowmelt seepage fluxes of dissolved organic matter in forest and grassland – a molecular-level case study from the Hainich Critical Zone Exploratory, Germany
Authors: Huang Chen , Schroeter Simon A. , Lehmann Katharina , Herrmann Martina , Totsche Kai Uwe , Gleixner Gerd
Published: October 2024

Snowfall/cover and snowmelt are essential determinants of winter soil processes/events that may force the biogeochemical dynamics of soils in temperate regions. Increasing variability of the European hydroclimate is expected to lead to more frequent intermittent warm periods, which cause snowmelt during winter and rapidly mobilize large amounts of dissolved organic matter (DOM). This study, conducted at the Hainich Critical Zone Exploratory in Germany, seeks to address a significant gap in understanding the molecular impacts of snowmelt-induced DOM flows and their ability to alter soil ecosystems rapidly. During two snowmelt events between January and March 2021, we observed that DOM concentration and composition varied more in forest soil seepage than in grassland soil seepage. Forest seepage showed a pronounced DOM flux peak and synchronous increases in the relative abundances of aromatic DOM components, indicating surface-derived transport of plant litter carbon. In the grassland, however, peak DOM fluxes were characterized by a marked increase in nitrogen-containing (N-containing) DOM components, indicating a predominance of microbial carbon. Notably, the unique DOM components specific to each ecosystem increased during peak fluxes in the forest but decreased in the grassland. We suggest that an overall higher molecular richness and the broader functional metabolic potentials in grassland may account for its relatively greater DOM stability compared to the forest during peak snowmelt events.
Do gravity data justify a rifted “Liguro-Provençal Basin”?
Authors: Götze Hans-Jürgen , Strehlau Ronja , Dannowski Anke , Anikiev Denis , Kumar Ajay , Scheck-Wenderoth Magdalena
Published: October 2024

The geodynamic evolution of the Liguro-Provençal Basin and its crust and upper mantle structure remain debated, especially regarding the role of rifting in continental break-up and seafloor spreading. Our study incorporates updated datasets, including new gravity maps from the AlpArray Gravity Working Group (complete Bouguer, free air, and isostatic anomalies) for 3D modeling and gravity field analysis, seismic data from Lobster offshore campaigns for direct comparison, and geodynamic models, supplemented by seismic profiles from previous French and Italian campaigns to constrain the interpretation. We used GFZ’s IGMAS + software for interactive 3D modeling, creating a density model extending to 300 km depth that includes crustal and upper mantle inhomogeneities based on prior geodynamic models. This hybrid approach, with polygonal structures for the crust and voxels for the upper mantle, clarifies individual contributions to the gravity field. Extending initial gravity modeling from the SPP MB4D project INTEGRATE, our work provides a consistent 3D density model for the Alps and Ligurian Basin. The constrained 3D modeling and numerical analyses (terracing, clustering, filtering, curvature), along with vertical stress and gravitational potential energy calculations, suggest that rifting has significantly influenced the basin’s geological evolution.
Activating STAT3 mutations in CD8+ T-cells correlate to serological positivity in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Moosic Katharine B. , Olson Thomas L. , Freijat Mark , Khalique Samara , Hamele Cait E. , Shemo Bryna , Boodoo Jesse , Baker William , Khurana Gitanjali , Schmachtenberg Matthew , Duffy Tristin , Ratan Aakrosh , Darrah Erika , Andrade Felipe , Jones Marieke , Olson Kristine C. , Feith David J. , Kimpel Donald L. , Loughran Thomas P.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia is a rare hematologic malignancy characterized by clonal expansion of cytotoxic T-cells frequent somatic activating STAT3 mutations. Based on the disease overlap between LGL leukemia rheumatoid arthritis (RA)a putative role for CD8+ T-cells in RA we hypothesized that STAT3 mutations may be detected in RA patient CD8+ T-cells correlate with clinical characteristics.

Methods

Blood samples, clinical parameters, and demographics were collected from 98 RA patients and 9 healthy controls (HCs). CD8+ cell DNA was isolated and analyzed via droplet digital (dd)PCR to detect STAT3 mutations common in LGL leukemia: Y640F, D661Y, and the S614 to G618 region. STAT3 data from 99 HCs from a public dataset supplemented our 9 HCs.

Results

RA patients had significantly increased presence of STAT3 mutations compared to controls (Y640F p=0.0005, D661Y p=0.0005). The majority of these were low variant allele frequency (VAF) (0.008-0.05%) mutations detected in a higher proportion of the RA population (31/98 Y640F, 17/98 D661Y) vs. HCs (0/108 Y640F, 0/108 D661Y). In addition, 3/98 RA patients had a STAT3 mutation at a VAF >5% compared to 0/108 controls. Serological markers, RF and anti-CCP positivity, were more frequently positive in RA patients with STAT3 mutation relative to those without (88% vs 59% RF, p=0.047; 92% vs 58% anti-CCP, p=0.031, respectively).

Conclusions

STAT3 activating mutations were detected in RA patient CD8+ cells and associated with seropositivity. Thus, STAT3 activating mutations may play a role in disease pathogenesis in a subset of RA patients.
Blocking S100A9-signaling is detrimental to the initiation of anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Demir Melike Fusun , Lin Yu-Hsien , Costa Cruz Pedro Henrique , Tajima Masaki , Honjo Tasuku , Müller Elisabeth
Published: October 2024

S100A9, a multifunctional protein mainly expressed by neutrophils and monocytes, poses an immunological paradox. In virus infections or sterile inflammation, it functions as an alarmin attracting innate immune cells, as well as mediating proinflammatory effects through TLR4 signaling. However, in cancer, S100A9 levels have been shown to associate with poor prognosis and lack of response to immunotherapy. Its expression by myeloid cells has been related to an immune suppressive phenotype, the so-called myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Targeting S100A9 in cancer has therefore been proposed as a potential way to relieve myeloid-mediated immune suppression. Surprisingly, we found that blocking the extracellular TLR4 signaling from S100A9 using the inhibitor Paquinimod, resulted in increased tumor growth and a detrimental effect on anti-PD-L1 efficacy in the CT26 tumor model. This effect was caused by a reduction in the tumor immune infiltration to about half of untreated controls, and the reduction was made up of a 5-fold decrease in Ly6Chigh monocytic cells. The suppressive Ly6G+ myeloid cells compartment was not reduced by Paquinimod treatment, suggesting alternative mechanisms by which S100A9 contributes to myeloid-mediated suppression. Intratumoral injection of recombinant S100A9 early after mice inoculation with CT26 cells had an anti-tumor effect. These findings indicate an important yet understudied role of S100A9 as an alarmin and immune stimulatory signal in cancer settings, and highlight the potential to exploit such signals to promote beneficial anti-tumor responses.