bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Could standing orders have a place? A phenomenological exploration of experienced ward‐based registered nurses' views on the escalation protocol for patient deterioration
Authors: Minyaev Stanislav , Harrington Ann , King Lindy
Published: September 2021

Aims and objectives

To explore experienced ward‐based Registered Nurses’ views on the potential use of standing orders, prior to the escalation protocol, for patient deterioration.

Background

Ward based nurses are required to follow set steps of the escalation protocol. The introduction of standing order policies would allow nurses to intervene earlier when deterioration was first detected.

Design

Hermeneutic Phenomenology.

Methods

Ten experienced ward‐based RNs were recruited. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted, with the data subjected to thematic analysis. Diekelmann's framework was used to analyse the texts, seeking the highest level of hermeneutic analysis namely, a constitutive pattern. COREQ guidelines were utilised.

Results

Four main themes emerged: (1) Ambiguity in perception: the escalation protocol; (2) Observations within acceptable parameters, but the patient is deteriorating; (3) Paradoxes of escalation: well laid out protocol, but hard to escalate; (4) We could intervene with standing orders, but are we permitted? The constitutive pattern namely, Dualism in Perception related to the dissonance conveyed by participants regarding the escalation protocol.

Conclusions

Notwithstanding the benefits of the escalation protocol for junior staff, the RNs offered critique of the established escalation practices and the restrictive role of the protocol. Another aspect of the protocol, that is ‘worried criterion’ was viewed positively. The participants expressed a desire to apply nurse‐driven standing orders, to enable them to intervene earlier for patient deterioration.

Relevance to clinical practice

Organisations should consider new policies introducing standing orders for implementation by experienced RNs. The engagement of experienced ward‐based nurses in forming ‘patient at‐risk teams’ could assist organisations to deal with cases of clinical deterioration prior to activation of the escalation of care protocol.
Hybrid odontogenic lesions: A systematic review of 203 cases reported in the literature
Authors: Pontes Flavia Sirotheau Correa , Mosqueda‐Taylor Adalberto , de Souza Lucas Lacerda , de Paula Lorena Paula , Batista Luana Araújo Lobo , Rodrigues‐Fernandes Carla Isabelly , Paiva e Costa Anderson Maurício , de Abreu Michelle Carvalho , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , de Oliveira Eduardo Morato , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , Rahimi Siavash , Brennan Peter A. , Pontes Hélder Antônio Rebelo
Published: September 2021

Background

Hybrid odontogenic lesions combine histopathological characteristics of two or more odontogenic cysts and/or tumours. The aim of this study was to evaluate the available data on hybrid odontogenic lesions (HOL) and to analyse their epidemiological/clinical features and biological behaviour.

Methods

An electronic search was done in January 2021 using multiple databases. Eligibility criteria encompassed publications with sufficient clinical and histological information to confirm the tumours’ diagnoses.

Results

A total of 147 articles were included in this study, comprising 203 cases. Calcifying odontogenic cyst associated with odontoma (COC/OD) (37/18.2%) was the most common HOL. Females were more affected with a mean age of 24.9 years. Lesions presented as asymptomatic swellings, with a mean evolution time of 8.2 months (0.3–96), and mean tumour size of 4.8 cm (0.3–7). Radiographic aspects frequently showed radiolucent (139/68.4%) and unilocular (52/25.6%) images with well‐defined limits (48/23.6%). The lesions mostly affected mandibular pre‐molars (69/34%) and mandibular molars (69/34%) regions. Enucleation (89/43.8%) and surgical excision (59/29%) were the most common treatment modalities. The mean follow‐up time was 33.8 months (0.5–216 months) and recurrences were observed in four cases (1.9%), all of which were central odontogenic fibroma associated with central giant cell granuloma (COF/CGCG).

Conclusion

COC/OD is the most common HOL and recurrence is a rare event, being usually associated with the diagnosis of COF/CGCG.
Digital Workflow for Double Complete Arch Zirconia Prostheses Utilizing a Novel Scan Body
Authors: Marinis Aristotelis , Papaspyridakos Panos , Sicilia Elena , Bernardes Sergio Rocha , Touloumi Foteini , Chochlidakis Konstantinos , Weber Hans‐Peter
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this clinical report is to present a complete digital workflow for the fabrication of complete arch fixed zirconia implant restorations. An intraoral scanner was used to capture the implants’ position at the abutment level and also the patient's existing interim prostheses with the double digital scanning technique. A novel scan body and impression pin were utilized throughout the scanning process which allowed for the accurate and reproducible superimposition of the generated Standard Tesselation Language (STL) files. Prosthesis prototypes were digitally designed and fabricated, tried in, and verified intraorally. The definitive zirconia prostheses were then fabricated and delivered to the patient. This technique can be utilized in both arches overcoming the absence of stable intraoral landmarks for superimposition of STL files.
Aroma active compound perception in differently roasted and brewed coffees by gas chromatography–olfactometry
Authors: Laukaleja Ilze , Koppel Kadri
Published: August 2021

Coffee has a complex volatile compound profile, which can be influenced by technical processes like roasting and brewing. The changes in the volatile compound profile can affect the perceived aromas. Headspace‐solid‐phase microextraction technique (HS–SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC–O) were used to achieve the objectives of this study: (1) to develop gas chromatography–olfactometry vocabulary for coffee brews, and (2) to analyze aroma active compound perception in differently roasted and brewed coffee. The GC–O vocabulary included 23 different aromas and 30 aroma‐active compounds. The main aroma attributes in all samples were sweet, musty, leather, skunky, burnt, and nutty. Aroma active compounds in medium roasted coffee presented floral, sweet notes, while light coffee had more nutty and roasted aroma attributes. The data from GC–MS–O suggested that roasting degree and brewing technique can influence the aroma perception of aroma active compounds. Dark roasted coffees had the least varied aroma attributes but had a higher concentration of aroma contributing compounds like 2,2′‐methylenebis‐furan (musty) and 4‐ethyl‐2‐methoxyphenol (smokey). The results also revealed that overall volatile compound composition could change the aroma perception of some coffee brew volatiles.

Practical Applications

The development of olfactory vocabulary and aroma active compound perception analysis can be useful for further coffee aroma analysis, characterizing volatile compound aroma changes depending on roasting and brewing technique. For the coffee industry, the olfactory vocabulary could bring an additional understanding of aroma active compound perception in differently roasted and brewed coffees.
Sensory perception and food neophobia drive liking of functional plant‐based food enriched with winemaking by‐products
Authors: Pagliarini Ella , Spinelli Sara , Proserpio Cristina , Monteleone Erminio , Fia Giovanna , Laureati Monica , Gallina Toschi Tullia , Dinnella Caterina
Published: August 2021

The use of phenol compounds obtained from unripe grapes as antioxidant sustainable food ingredients is challenging due to their specific sensory attributes, such as sourness and astringency. The aim was to evaluate sensory attributes perception and consumers' liking for beetroot purees added with phenols from unripe grapes. According to hedonic responses, consumer clusters were identified and characterized for eating behavioral attitudes. Three hundred two subjects (56% women, 18–60 years old) evaluated sweet, sour, astringency, and overall flavor intensity of and liking for four beetroot puree samples added with increasing phenols concentrations (0–1.93 g/kg). Results showed that liking decreased with increasing phenols. Interestingly, samples with highest phenols concentration, characterized by sourness, and astringency, were preferred by a segment of consumers (39% of the group). This group was characterized by a low food neophobia and tended to have high emotional eating scores compared to consumers preferring samples without or with the lowest amount of extract. These results suggest that the development of functional phenol‐enriched products using winemaking by‐products is challenging due to their sensory properties that negatively influence consumers' acceptance. However, with appropriate segmentation strategies it is possible to identify specific consumer targets who could appreciate these new functional foods.

Practical Applications

Unripe grapes can be used as a sustainable phenol source for the development of new highly antioxidant foods. Indeed, an addition till 1.9 g/kg, besides improving both the nutritional content of the food matrices, as well as promoting the reuse of winemaking by‐products, could be considered feasible from a sensory point of view. Specifically, new sustainable plant‐based food product, characterized by specific sensory attributes, could be target for specific groups of consumers to foster the transition to the consumption of food products developed using value‐added and sustainable ingredients.
Effects of Medicaid expansion on self‐reported use of dental services in socioeconomically vulnerable subgroups
Authors: Swankoski Kaylyn E. , Fishman Paul A. , Chi Donald L. , Wong Edwin S.
Published: September 2021

Objective

Research suggests Medicaid expansion led to modest increases in the use of dental services among low‐income adults, especially in states with more generous Medicaid dental benefits. We expand upon this research by examining whether the effect of Medicaid expansion differed across important socioeconomic subgroups.

Methods

Using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 2012 to 2016, we employed a difference‐in‐differences framework to estimate the effect of Medicaid expansion on annual use of dental services overall and by whether states offered more‐than‐emergency Medicaid dental benefits. We used generalized linear mixed‐effects model trees to estimate effects across socioeconomic subgroups (e.g., age, education, race, income).

Results

The effect of Medicaid expansion varied by state's generosity of Medicaid dental coverage and combinations of socioeconomic subgroups. Overall, there was no significant association between Medicaid expansion and probability of using dental services (−0.1 pp percentage points [pp], p = 0.914). Medicaid expansion was associated with a modest increase in the probability of using dental services in states with more‐than‐emergency Medicaid dental benefits (2.3 pp, p < 0.001) and with a modest decrease in states with no or emergency‐only benefits (−4.3 pp, p < 0.001). Among adults aged 21–35 without a high school diploma, Medicaid expansion was associated with an 8.1 pp (p = 0.003) increase in dental use probability, but there were no associated effects of Medicaid expansion for other subgroups.

Conclusions

While Medicaid expansion alone is not sufficient to ensure adults receive recommended dental care, some vulnerable subgroups appear to have benefited. Efforts to mitigate barriers to dental care may be needed to increase uptake of dental services by low‐income adults.
Effects of ecotrofin™ on milk yield, milk quality and serum biochemistry in lactating goats
Authors: Musco Nadia , Morittu Valeria Maria , Mastellone Vincenzo , Spina Anna Antonella , Vassalotti Giuseppe , D’Aniello Biagio , Tudisco Raffaella , Infascelli Federico , Lombardi Pietro
Published: September 2021

A nutritional supplement (Ecotrofin™, by Vetoquinol Italia S.r.l) recommended in ruminants feeding to strengthen the physiological condition and improve digestive performance was tested in 20 pluriparae grazing goats divided in two groups (control and treated) to assess its possible effects on milk yield and quality and to assess eventual adverse effects. Animals from both groups also received 400 g/day of corn meal, and the treated group was supplemented with 20 g/head/day of the nutritional supplement. At the doses suggested by the manufacturer, despite a transient increase after 30 days of supplementation, Ecotrofin™ did not show significant effects on milk yield and, although some changes were found in the fatty acids profile, no significant improvement of MUFA and PUFA, as well as of omega‐6:omega‐3 ratio and CLA content were seen. Therefore, in our experimental conditions the supplementation of diet with Ecotrofin™ did not appear useful to improve goat's performance. A significant effect on kidney health markers (27 vs. 22.5 for urea and 0.83 vs. 0.76 for creatinine, p < 0.05) suggested a beneficial effect on renal function but, since levels fell in the normal ranges in both groups, such hypothesis would need further studies to be addressed.
Prenatal nutrition supplementation and growth biomarkers in preadolescent Bangladeshi children: A birth cohort study
Authors: Siddiqua Towfida Jahan , Roy Anjan Kumar , Akhtar Evana , Haq Md. Ahsanul , Wagatsuma Yukiko , Ekström Eva‐Charlotte , Afsar Md. Nure Alam , Hossain Md. Iqbal , Ahmed Tahmeed , El Arifeen Shams , Raqib Rubhana
Published: September 2021

Little is known about the usefulness of biomarkers to study the influence of prenatal nutrition supplementation in improving child growth. Anthropometry is not always straightforward to understand how nutrition might impact growth, especially in settings with high rates of malnutrition and infections. We examined the effects of prenatal supplementation on growth and growth biomarkers and the relationship between anthropometric measures and growth biomarkers of children at 4.5 and 9 years of age. Children were enrolled from a longitudinal cohort, where mothers were randomized into daily supplementation with either early‐food (≤9 gestation week [GW]) or usual‐food (~20 GW) (608 kcal 6 days/week); they were further randomized to receive 30‐mg or 60‐mg iron with 400‐μg folic acid, or multiple micronutrients (MM) in rural Bangladesh. Anthropometric data were collected from mothers at GW8 and children at 4.5 (n = 640) and 9 years (n = 536). Fasting blood was collected from children at each age. Early‐food supplementation showed reduced stunting and underweight at 4.5 and 9 years age respectively compared to usual‐food. Prenatal supplementations did not have any effect on growth biomarkers except for STAT5b expression which was lower in the early‐food compared to the usual‐food group (β = −0.21; 95 CI% = −0.36, −0.07). Plasma concentrations of 25‐hydroxy vitamin D and calcium were both inversely associated with weight‐for‐age and body mass index‐for‐age Z‐scores at 9 years, particularly in early‐food and MM groups. Although there was minimal effect on child growth by prenatal supplementations, the associations of biomarkers with anthropometric indices were predominantly driven by timing of food or MM supplementations.
Is there an association between necrotizing enterocolitis in premature neonates and functional gastrointestinal disorders later in childhood?
Authors: Rallis Dimitrios , Saliakellis Efstratios , Kaselas Christos , Malakozi Marina , Spyridakis Ioannis , Fotoulaki Maria , Diamanti Elisavet , Tsakalidis Christos
Published: September 2021

Background

Stressful events during infancy may predispose to the development of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in childhood.

Aims

To evaluate the association of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) with childhood FGIDs.

Methods

We conducted a study, comparing 29 children of eight to ten years with a history of NEC with 58 children with no history of NEC. Subjects were assessed for FGIDs, based on Rome‐III criteria.

Results

Among 29 subjects with NEC, 17 had surgical and 12 conservative NEC. Subjects with surgically, or conservatively managed NEC developed FGIDs at a significantly higher proportion, as compared to children with no history of NEC, later in childhood (41%, 33%, and 13% respectively, p = 0.033). Functional constipation was the most frequently identified disorder (35%, 33%, and 7% respectively). A significant association was detected between FGIDs and the history of perinatal stress (p = 0.049), NEC (p = 0.011), and the surgical management of NEC (p = 0.015).

Conclusions

Our study suggests that there is a potential association between NEC and FGIDs later in childhood with functional constipation being the most frequently identified disorder.
Facilitative interactions on the rise: cable bacteria associate with diverse aquatic plants
Authors: Malkin Sairah , Cardini Ulisse
Published: August 2021

This article is a Commentary on Scholz et al. (2021), 232: 2138–2151.
Oxycodone target concentration dosing for acute pain in children
Authors: Morse James D , Hannam Jacqueline A , Anderson Brian J , Kokki Hannu , Kokki Merja
Published: September 2021

Background

Oxycodone pharmacokinetics have been described in premature neonates through to obese adults. Covariate influences have been accounted for using allometry (size) and maturation of oxycodone clearance with age. The target concentration is dependent on pain intensity that may differ over pain duration or between individuals.

Methods

We assumed a target concentration of 35 mcg.L−1 (acceptable range ±20%) to be associated with adequate analgesia without increased risk of adverse effects from respiratory depression. Pharmacokinetic simulation was used to estimate dose in neonates through to obese adults given intravenous or parenteral oxycodone.

Results

There were 84% of simulated oxycodone concentrations within the acceptable range during maintenance dosing. Variability around the simulated target concentration decreased with age.

The maturation of oxycodone clearance is reflected in changes to context‐sensitive halftime where clearance is immature in neonates compared with older children and adults. The intravenous loading and maintenance doses for a typical 5‐year‐old child are 100 mcg.kg−1 and 33 mcg.kg−1.h−1. In a typical adult, the loading dose is 100 mcg.kg−1 and maintenance dose 23 mcg.kg−1.h−1.

Conclusion

Simulation was used to suggest loading and maintenance doses to attain an oxycodone concentration of 35 mcg.L−1 predicted in adults. Although the covariates age and weight contribute 92% variability for clearance, there remains variability accounting for 16% of concentrations outside the target range. Duration of analgesic effect after ceasing infusion is anticipated to be longer in neonates where context‐sensitive halftime is greater than older children and adults.
Population pharmacokinetics of oxycodone: Premature neonates to adults
Authors: Morse James D , Sundermann Milan , Hannam Jacqueline A , Kokki Hannu , Kokki Merja , Anderson Brian J
Published: September 2021

Background

Oxycodone is used in children and adults for the control of acute postoperative pain. Covariate influences such as age, size, and fat mass on oxycodone pharmacokinetic parameters over the human lifespan are poorly quantified.

Methods

Pooled oxycodone time‐concentration profiles were available from preterm neonates to adults. Data from intravenous, intramuscular, buccal, and epidural formulations were analyzed using nonlinear mixed‐effects models. Normal fat mass was used to determine the influence of fat on oxycodone pharmacokinetics. Theory‐based allometry was used to scale pharmacokinetic parameters to a 70 kg individual. A maturation function described the increase in clearance in neonates and infants.

Results

There were 237 subjects (24 weeks postmenstrual age to 75 years; 0.44–110 kg) providing 1317 plasma concentrations. A three‐compartment model with first‐order elimination best described oxycodone disposition. Population parameter estimates were clearance (CL) 48.6 L.h−1.70 kg−1 (CV 71%); intercompartmental clearances (Q2) 220 L.h−1.70 kg−1 (CV 64%); Q3 1.45 L.h−1.70 kg−1; volume of distribution in the central compartment (V1) 98.2 L.70 kg−1 (CV 76%); rapidly equilibrating peripheral compartment (V2) 90.1 L. 70 kg−1 (CV 76%); slow equilibrating peripheral compartment (V3) 28.9 L.70 kg−1. Total body weight was the best size descriptor for clearances and volumes. Absorption halftimes (TABS) were: 1.1 minutes for intramuscular, 70 minutes for epidural, 82 minutes for nasogastric, and 159.6 minutes for buccal administration routes. The relative bioavailability after nasogastric administration was 0.673 with a lag time of 8.7 minutes.

Conclusions

Clearance matured with age; 8% of the typical adult value at 24 weeks postmenstrual age, 33% in a term neonate and reached 90% of the adult clearance value by the end of the first year of life. Allometric scaling using total body weight was the better size descriptor of oxycodone clearance than fat‐free mass.
Green light reduces elongation when partially replacing sole blue light independently from cryptochrome 1a
Authors: Zhang Xue , Bisbis Mehdi , Heuvelink Ep , Jiang Weijie , Marcelis Leo F. M.
Published: August 2021

Although green light is sometimes neglected, it can have several effects on plant growth and development. Green light is probably sensed by cryptochromes (crys), one of the blue light photoreceptor families. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible interaction between green and blue light and the involvement of crys in the green light response of plant photomorphogenesis. We hypothesize that green light effects on morphology only occur when crys are activated by the presence of blue light. Wild‐type Moneymaker (MM), cry1a mutant (cry1a), and two CRY2 overexpressing transgenic lines (CRY2‐OX3 and CRY2‐OX8) of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were grown in a climate chamber without or with green light (30 μmol m−2 s−1) on backgrounds of sole red, sole blue and red/blue mixture, with all treatments having the same photosynthetic photon flux density of 150 μmol m−2 s−1. Green light showed no significant effects on biomass accumulation, nor on leaf characteristics such as leaf area, specific leaf area, and chlorophyll content. However, in all genotypes, green light significantly decreased stem length on a sole blue background, whereas green light hardly affected stem length on sole red and red/blue mixture background. MM, cry1a, and CRY2‐OX3/8 plants all exhibited similar responses of stem elongation to green light, indicating that cry1a, and probably cry2, is not involved in this green light effect. We conclude that partially replacing blue light by green light reduces elongation and that this is independent of cry1a.
Review of shell waste reutilization to promote sustainable shellfish aquaculture
Authors: Zhan Junxiong , Lu Jinshan , Wang Di
Published: September 2021

Shellfish aquaculture has developed rapidly, and the annual production of shell waste by‐products exceeds 10 million tons. The reutilization of shell waste is a severe problem in terms of environmental protection and the development of the circular economy. Due to its limited economic value, shell waste has generally been discarded or sent to landfill without any further processing and reutilization, thereby wasting resources and severely degrading the coastal ecosystem. This review summarizes recent research into the reutilization of shell waste, including applications in the fields of agriculture, construction, environmental protection, chemical production, food additives and biomaterials. Problems and strategies related to the reutilization of shell waste are analysed in order to provide technical support for the large‐scale and high value‐added utilization of shell waste.
Air pollution and the productivity of high‐skill labor: evidence from court hearings*
Authors: Sarmiento Luis
Published: September 2021

The influence of air pollution on cognitive productivity is a highly relevant and not fully understood economic issue. This study provides evidence of an adverse effect of exposure on the productivity of Mexican judicial workers. The empirical strategy approximates productivity with the length of the hearing and infers causality through instrumental variable panel models. Results show that air pollution decreases the productivity of judicial workers. For instance, increasing particulate matter by 10 units raises the length of hearings by 6.7 percent. Back‐of‐the‐envelope calculations suggest that if particulate matter had been ten units lower, the sample of courthouses would have gained 81,712 minutes or roughly 56 work‐days between 2015 and 2017.
Race and inequality at work: An occupational perspective
Authors: Nelson Jennifer L. , Vallas Steven P.
Published: September 2021

Recent research on racial inequality at work offers fruitful insights on the organizational conditions that reproduce racial segregation, racial disparities in wages, and racial hierarchies in the labor market and the workplace. Much less is known, however, about the specifically occupational influences that impinge on equitable work outcomes by race. In this paper, we explore three processes at the occupational level that relate to racial segregation, racialized access to resources, and status in one's line of work. We review research on racial inequality at work over the last 20 years to elucidate what is known, and remains to be seen, about these occupational processes. First, we review how occupational members get selected, and attempt to self‐select, into occupations via recruitment, licensing, credentialing, or certifications. Second, we consider how occupational incumbents teach, govern and evaluate new entrants, and with what consequences for racial inclusion/exclusion and retention in careers. Third, we examine research on client‐ or service‐based work, and highlight how workers navigate not only their roles, but also racial dynamics, vis‐a‐vis clients. We conclude with suggestions for how future research can harness occupational analysis to advance understanding of racial inequality at work.
An ignored minority status: Consequences for sexual minorities living in a biased society
Authors: Trujillo Michael A. , Mendes Wendy Berry
Published: August 2021

Sexual minority is an umbrella term used to describe individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or queer and/or engage in sexual behavior with individuals of the same sex or gender. Drawing on previous models (Hatzenbuehler, 2009; Major et al., 2013; Meyer, 2003; Ryan et al., 2017) and social psychological theory, this article outlines the social and health consequences of the stigma associated with being a sexual minority and the societal, social, and intrapersonal factors that might lead to these health and social disparities. We highlight key responses to stigmatization such as physiological responses, affect, and behavioral reactions that may contribute directly and/or indirectly to health outcomes. In doing so, we propose that the stigma of sexual minority identity, manifested at multiple levels, is associated with disparities in health and social outcomes and that social psychology can provide a useful lens to begin to reduce health disparities.
Income and cost of living: Are less equal places more costly?
Authors: Campbell Harrison S.
Published: August 2021

Objective

This study empirically investigates the impact of economic inequality on the cost of living in U.S. metropolitan areas.

Methods

Using a special Census tabulation, a standard cost‐of‐living model is sequentially augmented with measures of poverty and income inequality in a cross‐sectional regression analysis of 90 metropolitan areas; interaction and regional effects are also explored.

Results

Higher costs of living are associated with increasing economic inequality, especially in the distribution of metropolitan income. The effects of household poverty are significant but less consistent.

Conclusions

Reducing economic inequality would produce benefits enjoyed by all metropolitan residents via lower living costs. The benefits are likely to be greater in large, fast growing areas where income disparities are pronounced.
Fostering educator identity through social media
Authors: Dzara Kristina , Kelleher Amy , Ramani Subha
Published: September 2021

Background

Communities of practice (CoPs) are integral to professional identify formation (PIF) of educators. However, it can be challenging to identify and engage with such communities. Social media (SoMe) can facilitate formation of virtual CoPs, support PIF and increase visibility and recognition among peers. Yet, privacy concerns, lack of skills, time constraints and value doubts are reported barriers. The purpose of this study was to explore perceived benefits, challenges and suggested strategies to promote SoMe engagement from a group of health professions educators (HPEs).

Methods

Using qualitative methodology, we explored opinions of educators participating in Harvard Macy Institute courses regarding professional SoMe use through focus group discussions. Discussions were audiotaped and transcribed, and thematic analysis was performed. Brief questionnaires were distributed to collect frequency of and confidence in SoMe use; these data were analysed descriptively. The Partners Healthcare Institutional Review Board approved the study.

Results

Forty‐eight educators participated in six focus groups. About 93.8% had at least one professional SoMe account, although engagement frequency varied. Qualitative analysis revealed three themes: (1) challenges to engagement, including juggling commitments and feeling overwhelmed; (2) benefits to joining a community, including staying informed and sharing scholarship; and (3) strategies to encourage inclusion, including tailored training and institutional champions.

Conclusion

Though challenges to engagement were reported, participants noted multiple benefits. SoMe engagement can foster virtual CoPs among HPEs and potentially contribute to PIF. Subsequently, we offer five recommendations for efficient and impactful social media engagement for healthcare professionals.
Hematocrit estimates comparing centrifugation to a point‐of‐care method in beef cattle living at high altitude
Authors: Calkins Craig M. , Scasta John Derek , Smith Travis
Published: September 2021

Background

The hematocrit (Hct) or packed cell volume (PCV) reflects the blood volume occupied by red blood cells. The development of point‐of‐care (PoC) instruments can accelerate the ease of measuring Hct/PCV compared with traditional capillary centrifugation (TCC) methods. However, no studies have compared Hct/PCV levels in cattle at high elevation with other measurement methods.

Objectives

In this study, we aimed to compare methods to estimate Hcts/PCVs of rangeland cattle at high elevation. We specifically wanted to determine if Hct/PCV levels measured with a commercial PoC instrument (i‐Stat with CHEM8+ cartridges [PoCi]) were comparable to Hct/PCV levels measured with traditional laboratory methods.

Methods

We assessed the Hct/PCV of 94 mature beef cattle (black Angus; Bos taurus) at ~2195 m above sea level using paired analyses of the PoCi and TCC methods from each animal. We used paired samples t‐tests to compare mean Hct/PCVs. Correlation analyses relative to the line of identity and Passing‐Bablok regression were used to assess systematic and proportional differences, respectively, and Bland‐Altman plots were used to assess agreement between the two methods.

Results

The PoCi estimated a Hct of 28.2% ± 0.7% (SE), which was lower than the TCC estimated PCV of 39.2% ± 0.5%. The Bland‐Altman plot revealed poor agreement between the two methods in addition to a −11% bias for the PoCi. The Passing‐Bablok regression revealed both systematic and proportional bias between the two methods.

Conclusions

Point‐of‐care blood instruments were not comparable to TCC methods for quantifying Hct/PCVs of cattle living at high elevations.
The effects of a proprietary Manuka honey and essential oil hydrogel on the healing of acute full‐thickness wounds in dogs
Authors: Repellin Raphael L. , Pitt Kathryn A. , Lu Ming , Welker Jamie , Noland Erica L. , Stanley Bryden J.
Published: September 2021

Objective

To evaluate the effect of a proprietary Manuka honey essential oil hydrogel on the healing of acute, full‐thickness wounds in dogs.

Study design

Prospective, controlled, randomized, experimental study.

Animals

Purpose‐bred, adult, female beagles (n = 10).

Methods

Two 2 × 2 cm surgical wounds were created bilaterally on the trunk of each dog; each side was randomized to receive HoneyCure® (HOC) or standard‐of‐care (CON) dressings. Cranial wounds were for histopathological analysis and the caudal wounds for culture and planimetry. Total and open wound areas were measured with digital image planimetry at 15 time points. From these data, percent contraction and percent epithelialization were calculated. Tissue biopsies were obtained at 7 time points and histologic features scored. Cultures were obtained at 2 time points.

Results

Epithelialization was 11.7, 10.4, and 10.1 percentage points higher in HOC wounds compared to CON wounds at days 16, 18, and 21 respectively. Wound contraction and histological scores did not differ between groups. Cultures were positive in 7/40 (17.5%) wounds, with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated evenly. There was no difference of infection rate between the two groups; all infections were superficial and did not require treatment.

Conclusion

This study did not provide evidence to support the application of HoneyCure® in small, acute wounds in healthy dogs. However, application may be beneficial in the early proliferative stage of wound healing and in wounds that would benefit from early, robust epithelialization.
Inteligencia artificial, riesgo y seguro
Authors: Veiga Copo Abel Benito
Published: September 2021

No es el desarrollo y expansión digital, sino el uso de esas formas, rectius, instrumentos digitales el que ahora mismo está trazando el cuaderno de bitácora de la ley y el derecho. El saber, en suma, cómo opera y en qué marco concreto, la tecnología. Tecnología desbordante de continentes teóricos puramente jurídicos y que exigirán un desarrollo que va más allá de una mera adaptabilidad de éste a aquélla. ¿Se reinventará o simplemente evolucionará a la par el derecho y el ordenamiento?
Nonlinear Longitudinal Vibrations in Accreting One-Dimensional Nanostructures
Authors: Surulere S. A. , Shatalov M. Y. , Mkolesia A. C. , Fedotov I. A.
Published: September 2021

The investigation of an accreting one-dimensional chain of atoms was carried out in this paper. A governing partial differential equation that describes the accreting nanocontinuum containing an attachment of infinite atoms was derived and analyzed. We transformed the space variable u(t,r)→v(τ,x) (for a governing partial differential equation formulated in a previous publication) and introduced a function of linear growth. The boundary conditions were also transformed in terms of the new variables. We assumed that the left end of the accreting nanostructure was free u(t,r=0)=0 while the right end was fixed ∂u∂r|r=l[1+εf(t)]=0. The method of lines was employed to obtain numerical approximate solutions for the nonlinear partial differential equations because their exact solutions proved difficult to obtain. The approximate solutions were expressed using graphical plots in Mathematica®. The viscous damping term, δ, was introduced into the nanocontinuum and analysis was carried out by considering the damped continuum as an accreting nanostructure. Numerical simulations for both cases illustrated linear growth, which was observed via numerical simulation plots.
A new species, new records, and DNA barcodes of eriophyine mites (Eriophyidae, Eriophyinae) from southeast Crimea and remarks on ability to form galls in conspecific eriophyoids
Authors: Chetverikov PhilippPhilipp E. , Desnitskiy Alexey G. , Letukhova Viktoria Yu. , Ozman-sullivan Sebahat K. , Romanovich Anna E. , Sarratt Jacqueline V. , Sukhareva Sogdiana I.
Published: September 2021

We report on one new species, Aceria asphodelinis n. sp., from inflorescences of Asphodeline taurica (Pall. ex Bieb.) Kunth (Xanthorrhoeaceae), one new combination, Paraphytoptus chondrillae (Canestrini 1891) n. comb. (transferred from Aceria), from deformed inflorescences of Chondrilla juncea L. (Compositae), and six new records of eriophyine mites (Eriophyoidea, Eriophyidae, Eriophyinae) in southeast Crimea: Aceria peucedani (Canestrini 1891) from flowers of Seseli tortuosum L. (Apiaceae), Aceria salviae (Nalepa 1891) from inflorescences of Salvia tesquicola Klokov & Pobed. (Lamiaceae), Aceria erinea (Nalepa 1891) and Aceria tristriata (Nalepa 1890) from leaf galls of Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae), Eriophyes calycobius (Nalepa 1891) from buds of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Rosaceae), Eriophyes pyri (Pagenstecher 1857) from parenchymatous leaf galls (“blisters”) of Pyrus communis L. (Rosaceae). Partial mitochondrial Cox1 sequences (1155 bp, 385 amino acids) of six Aceria and Eriophyes species are provided (GenBank accession numbers: MW691978–MW691983; MW851284). Aceria salviae, previously reported as a gall-former, was found to be vagrant, causing no visible damage to the host plant. Data from the literature suggests that it may be quite common for conspecific eriophyoids to differ in their ability to cause galls on closely related hosts. We provide several hypotheses that may explain this phenomenon and highlight the need for testing them via field experiments as well as molecular methods. We also advocate for broader usage of barcoding techniques in the taxonomy of Eriophyoidea and underline the importance of increasing the number of publicly available barcodes for various eriophyoid taxa.
Associations of Urine Specific Gravity With Body Mass Index and Lean Body Mass at the Population Level: Implications for Hydration Monitoring
Authors: Wilson Patrick B.
Published: September 2021

Urine specific gravity (USG) thresholds are used in practice and research to determine hypohydration. However, some limited research has found that body size and body composition may impact USG, suggesting that fixed cutoffs may be insensitive. Cross-sectional data from 3,634 participants of the 2007–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Along with USG, body mass index (BMI), estimated lean body mass (LBM), and dietary intake were quantified. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate whether higher quintiles of BMI and LBM were associated with elevated USG (USG ≥ 1.020 and ≥1.025) after accounting for dietary moisture and sodium. The USG (1.018 ± 0.0003 vs. 1.015 ± 0.0004); BMI (28.4 ± 0.2 vs. 28.0 ± 0.2 kg/m2); LBM (60.9 ± 0.3 vs. 42.2 ± 0.2 kg); dietary moisture (3,401 ± 92 vs. 2,759 ± 49 g/day); and dietary sodium (4,171 ± 85 vs. 2,959 ± 50) were greater in men than in women (p < .05). Men and women in the fifth quintiles of BMI or LBM (vs. Quintile 1) had greater odds (2.00–3.68, p < .05) of elevated USG. (The only exception was for the association between BMI and USG ≥ 1.025 in men.) Being in Quintile 4 of LBM or BMI (vs. Quintile 1) also tended to be associated with higher odds of elevated of USG, though this pattern was more consistent when using USG ≥ 1.020 than USG ≥ 1.025. In summary, BMI and LBM are associated with USG at the population level. These results affirm that USG depends on body size and composition and raise questions about using fixed USG thresholds for determining hypohydration, particularly for people in the upper quintiles of BMI and LBM.
Muscle Activity Before and After Subacromial Injection
Authors: Ettinger Lucas , Shaprio Matthew , Karduna Andrew
Published: September 2021

Context: Shoulder muscle activation in patients with subacromial impingement is highly cited and variable in the literature. Differences between studies could be due to artifacts introduced by normalization practices in the presence of pain. Ultimately, this lack of knowledge pertaining to pathogenesis limits the clinical treatment and restoration of muscular function. Design: A total of 21 patients with stage 2 subacromial impingement and 21 matched controls were recruited for EMG testing of their affected shoulder during an arm elevation task. The patients were tested before and after receiving an injection to their subacromial bursa. Methods: The EMG from 7 shoulder muscles were measured before and after treatment during humeral motion in the scapular plane. Results: Our findings indicate an increase in anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, and upper trapezius activity following the injection; further, this trend extended to the controls. The control subjects had a greater activation of the latissimus dorsi at peak arm elevation when compared with the patient group postinjection. Conclusions: Our results indicate that a reduction in subacromial pain is associated with changes in shoulder muscle recruitment, primarily of the deltoid. This change in deltoid activity may lend evidence to rotator cuff function in patients without rotator cuff tears.
Differential Roles of Three Different Upper Pathway
meta
Ring Cleavage Product Hydrolases in the Degradation of Dibenzo-
p
-Dioxin and Dibenzofuran by Sphingomonas wittichii Strain RW1
Authors: Mutter Thamer Y. , Zylstra Gerben J.
Published: September 2021

S. wittichii
RW1 is one of only a few strains known to grow on DXN as the sole course of carbon. Much of the work deciphering the related RW1 DXN and DBF catabolic pathways has involved genome gazing, transcriptomics, proteomics, heterologous expression, and enzyme purification and characterization.
Supplemental Material: Testing local and extraregional sediment sources for the Late Cretaceous northern Nanaimo basin, British Columbia, using 40Ar/39Ar detrital K-feldspar thermochronology
Authors: Isava V. , al. et
Published: September 2021

Table S1: Descriptions of each Nanaimo Group sample. Table S2: Description of K-feldspar separation method. Table S3: 40Ar/39Ar data collection methods. Table S4: Nanaimo detrital K-feldspar 40Ar/39Ar data. Table S5: K-feldspar 40Ar/39Ar incremental-heating data from the Pacific Northwest. Table S6: Biotite and muscovite 40Ar/39Ar incremental-heating data from samples from the Pacific Northwest. Table S7: Biotite K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar age database used to construct Figures 10, 11, and 12 for selected Cretaceous batholiths of western North America, including references. Table S8: References used to construct Figures 8, 10, 11, 12, and 13. Figure S1: 40Ar/39Ar step-heating plots for K-feldspar, biotite, and muscovite from basement samples from the Pacific Northwest.
Analysis of lockdown perception in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Surano Francesco Vincenzo , Porfiri Maurizio , Rizzo Alessandro
Published: September 2021

Containment measures have been applied throughout the world to halt the COVID-19 pandemic. In the United States, several forms of lockdown have been adopted in different parts of the country, leading to heterogeneous epidemiological, social, and economic effects. Here, we present a spatio-temporal analysis of a Twitter dataset comprising 1.3 million geo-localized Tweets about lockdown, from January to May 2020. Through sentiment analysis, we classified Tweets as expressing positive or negative emotions about lockdown, demonstrating a change in perception during the course of the pandemic modulated by socio-economic factors. A transfer entropy analysis of the time series of Tweets unveiled that the emotions in different parts of the country did not evolve independently. Rather, they were mediated by spatial interactions, which were also related to socio-ecomomic factors and, arguably, to political orientations. This study constitutes a first, necessary step toward isolating the mechanisms underlying the acceptance of public health interventions from highly resolved online datasets.
Meta-evaluation of Conversational Search Evaluation Metrics
Authors: Liu Zeyang , Zhou Ke , Wilson Max L.
Published: September 2021

Conversational search systems, such as Google assistant and Microsoft Cortana, enable users to interact with search systems in multiple rounds through natural language dialogues. Evaluating such systems is very challenging, given that any natural language responses could be generated, and users commonly interact for multiple semantically coherent rounds to accomplish a search task. Although prior studies proposed many evaluation metrics, the extent of how those measures effectively capture user preference remain to be investigated. In this article, we systematically meta-evaluate a variety of conversational search metrics. We specifically study three perspectives on those metrics: (1)
reliability
: the ability to detect “actual” performance differences as opposed to those observed by chance; (2)
fidelity
: the ability to agree with ultimate user preference; and (3)
intuitiveness
: the ability to capture any property deemed important: adequacy, informativeness, and fluency in the context of conversational search. By conducting experiments on two test collections, we find that the performance of different metrics vary significantly across different scenarios, whereas consistent with prior studies, existing metrics only achieve weak correlation with ultimate user preference and satisfaction. METEOR is, comparatively speaking, the best existing single-turn metric considering all three perspectives. We also demonstrate that adapted session-based evaluation metrics can be used to measure multi-turn conversational search, achieving moderate concordance with user satisfaction. To our knowledge, our work establishes the most comprehensive meta-evaluation for conversational search to date.
BPLight-CNN: A Photonics-Based Backpropagation Accelerator for Deep Learning
Authors: Dang Dharanidhar , Chittamuru Sai Vineel Reddy , Pasricha Sudeep , Mahapatra Rabi , Sahoo Debashis
Published: September 2021

Training deep learning networks involves continuous weight updates across the various layers of the deep network while using a backpropagation (BP) algorithm. This results in expensive computation overheads during training. Consequently, most deep learning accelerators today employ pretrained weights and focus only on improving the design of the inference phase. The recent trend is to build a complete deep learning accelerator by incorporating the training module. Such efforts require an ultra-fast chip architecture for executing the BP algorithm. In this article, we propose a novel photonics-based backpropagation accelerator for high-performance deep learning training. We present the design for a convolutional neural network (CNN),
BPLight-CNN
, which incorporates the silicon photonics-based backpropagation accelerator.
BPLight-CNN
is a first-of-its-kind photonic and memristor-based CNN architecture for end-to-end training and prediction. We evaluate
BPLight-CNN
using a photonic CAD framework (IPKISS) on deep learning benchmark models, including LeNet and VGG-Net. The proposed design achieves (i) at least 34× speedup, 34× improvement in computational efficiency, and 38.5× energy savings during training; and (ii) 29× speedup, 31× improvement in computational efficiency, and 38.7× improvement in energy savings during inference compared with the state-of-the-art designs. All of these comparisons are done at a 16-bit resolution, and BPLight-CNN achieves these improvements at a cost of approximately 6% lower accuracy compared with the state-of-the-art.