bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Old Drug for a New Application: Potential Benefits of Sildenafil in Wound Healing
Authors: Farsaie Shadi , Khalili Hossein , Karimzadeh Iman , Dashti-Khavidaki Simin
Published: March 2016

Purpose: Several studies have evaluated the effects of sildenafil on the tissue repair and wound healing. In the present review, the impact of sildenafil on the wound healing in all available clinical and non-clinical (experimental) studies has been discussed. Methods: A literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Embase, Cochrane central register of controlled trials and Cochrane database systematic reviews. Related articles indexed in Google Scholar were also included. Key words used as search terms were ‘phosphodiesterase inhibitor’, ‘sildenafil’, ‘skin’, ‘cutaneous’, ‘skin lesion’, ‘skin damage’, ‘wound’, and ‘wound healing’. No time limitation was considered in this review. Results: A total of 15 animal studies, 7 case reports, and 2 small clinical studies have reported the effects of sildenafil on the wound healing. The effects included skin flaps and grafts, anastomosis, systemic sclerosis and Raynaud's disease. Conclusions: The available data support the beneficial effects of sildenafil in improvement of tissue healing in various conditions.

This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Preparation of Chitosan-Plasmid DNA Nanoparticles Encoding Interleukin-12 and their Expression in CT-26 Colon Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Lotfipour Farzaneh , Hallaj-Nezhadi Somayeh , Valizadeh Hadi , Dastmalchi Siavoush , Baradaran Behzad , Jalali Mohammad Barzegar , Dobakhti Faramarz
Published: March 2016

PURPOSE. Interleukin-12 (Il-12) as a cytokine has been proved to possess antitumor effects via stimulating the immune system. Non-viral gene delivery systems exhibit low toxicity and are easier to prepare compared to their viral counterparts. In this study, we aimed to prepare plasmid DNA loaded chitosan nanoparticles for expression of Il-12 and to evaluate their physicochemical characteristics, cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency in Murine CT-26 colon carcinoma cells. METHODS. Nanoparticles were prepared using a complex coacervation process at different N/P ratios and characterized in terms of size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, morphology, encapsulation efficiency and polyplex formation. The cytotoxicities and transfection efficiencies of the prepared polyplexes were evaluated by MTT assay and ELISA (for hIL-12, p70), respectively. RESULTS. Size and zeta potential varied from 76.73 to 867.03 nm and between 5.68 and 16.77 mV, respectively. Strong attachment of the DNA to chitosan was observed after polyplex preparation. Encapsulation efficiencies were high (72.97–94.87%). The transfection efficiencies of the prepared complexes were obviously higher than those of naked pDNA when N/P ratios were between 16 and 60. Maximum level of phIL-12 expression was obtained at (N/P = 16) with mean particle size of 381.83±82.77 nm (polydispersity index=0.44) indicating the improved transfection of pUMVC3-hIL12 about 2.80 times compared to that of the naked pUMVC3-hIL12. Prepared polyplexes were nontoxic to CT-26 cells. CONCLUSIONS. Chitosan-DNA nanoparticles at N/P = 16 with minimal cytotoxicity, can be used as suitable candidate for Il-12 delivery.

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The revised EMA guideline for the investigation of bioequivalence for immediate release oral formulations with systemic action
Authors: Verbeeck Roger K , Musuamba Flora T
Published: March 2016

On August 1, 2010, a revised guidance regarding bioequivalence (BE) assessment for the approval of innovator (bridging studies, variations, line extensions) and generic medicinal products in the EU came into effect. This revised guideline specifies the requirements for BE assessment for immediate release oral dosage forms with systemic action. Compared to the previous BE guideline of the EMA, clearer guidance is now given on several topics. For example, for highly variable drugs/drug products, i.e. a within-subject variability for AUC and/or Cmax of 30% or more, the EMA now recommends to use a crossover, replicate design which allows widening of the acceptance limits for Cmax (not for AUC), if clinically justified, by using the scaled average BE approach. This approach allows scaling of the usual acceptance limits of 80.00-125.00% to a maximum of 69.84-143.19%, based on the within-subject variability of the reference product. The use of metabolite concentrations to assess BE is now only accepted in the exceptional case that no bioanalytical method exists, or can be developed using state-of-the-art methodology, which is sensitive enough to reliably determine the AUC of the parent compound. According to this revised EMA guidelance biowaivers based on in vitro dissolution tests are not only possible for BCS class I substances, but also for class III substances if a number of additional conditions, e.g. concerning the excipients used in the test product compared to the reference product, are met. Moreover, specific questions related to BE assessment are more elaborately addressed in a Questions & Answers document (EMA/618604/2008 Rev. 3, 26 January 2011).
Adverse Effects of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs: An Update of Gastrointestinal, Cardiovascular and Renal Complications
Authors: Harirforoosh Sam , Asghar Waheed , Jamali Fakhreddin
Published: March 2016

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used chronically to reduce pain and inflammation in patients with arthritic conditions, and also acutely as analgesics by many patients. Both therapeutic and adverse effects of NSAIDs are due to inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme. NSAIDs are classified as non-selective and COX-2-selective inhibitors (COXIBS) based on their extent of selectivity for COX inhibition. However, regardless of their COX selectivity, reports are still appearing on the GI side effect of NSAIDs particularly on the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the harmful role of their controlled release formulations. In addition, previously unpublished data stored in the sponsor’s files, question the GI sparing properties of rofecoxib, a COXIB that has been withdrawn due to cardiovascular (CV) side effects. Presently, the major side effects of NSAIDs are the GI complications, renal disturbances and CV events. There is a tendency to believe that all NSAIDs are associated with renal and CV side effects, a belief that is not supported by solid evidence. Indeed, lower but still therapeutics doses of some NSAIDs may be cardioprotective. In this review, we briefly discuss the GI toxicity of the NSAIDs and assess their renal and CV adverse effects in more detail. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Harmaline Attenuates Voltage - Sensitive Ca2+ Currents in Neurons of the Inferior Olive
Authors: Zhan Xiping , Graf Werner M
Published: March 2016

Purpose. Harmaline is one member of a class of tremorgenic harmala alkaloids that have been implicated in neuroprotective effects and neurodegenerative disorders. It has been reported to interact with several neurotransmitter receptors as well as ion exchangers and voltage-sensitive channels. One site of harmaline action in the brain is the inferior olive (IO). Either local or systemic harmaline injection has been reported to increase spiking rate and coherence in the inferior olive and this activation is thought to produce tremor and ataxia through inferior olivary neuron activation of target neurons in the cerebellum, but the cellular mechanism is not yet known. Methods. Here, we have performed whole cell voltage-clamp and current clamp recordings from olivary neurons in brain slices derived from newborn rats. Results. We found that both transient low-voltage activated (LVA) and sustained high voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ currents are significantly attenuated by 0.125 – 0.25 mM harmaline applied to the bath and that this attenuation is partially reversible. In current clamp recordings, spike-afterhyperpolarization complexes were evoked by brief positive current injections. Harmaline produced a small attenuation of spike amplitude, but large spike broadening associated with attenuation of the fast and medium afterhyperpolarization. Conclusion. Our data suggest that one mode of olivary neuron activation by harmaline involves attenuation of both HVA and LVA Ca2+ conductances and consequent attenuation of Ca2+-sensitive K+ conductances resulting in spike broadening and attenuation of the afterhyperpolarization. Both of HVA and LVA attenuation also suggests a role to regulate intracelluar Ca2+, thereby to protect neurons from apoptosis.

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Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Increases Efflux for Uric Acid Via Paracellular Route in the Intestine, but Decreases that Via Transcellular Route Mediated by BCRP
Authors: Ogura Jiro , Kuwayama Kaori , Takaya Atsushi , Terada Yusuke , Tsujimoto Takashi , Koizumi Takahiro , Maruyama Hajime , Fujikawa Asuka , Takahashi Natsuko , Kobayashi Masaki , Itagaki Shirou , Hirano Takeshi , Yamaguchi Hiroaki , Iseki Ken
Published: March 2016

Purpose. Uric acid is thought to be one of the most important antioxidants in human biological fluids. Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is an important factor associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are responsible for intestinal I/R injury. The aim of this study was to clarify the efflux for uric acid from the intestine after intestinal I/R. Methods. We used intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model rats. Serosal to mucosal flux for [14C]-uric acid was assessed by using Ussing-type diffusion chambers. BCRP/Bcrp expression was assessed by Western blot analysis. Caco-2 cells were used for a model of the intestinal epithelium, and rotenone was used as a mitochondrial dysfunction inducer. Results. Serosal to mucosal flux for uric acid was increased after intestinal I/R, and that for mannitol was also increased. Ko143, which is a BCRP inhibitor, did not affect the uric acid transport. The decreasing uric acid transport mediated by Bcrp was caused by decrease in the level of Bcrp homodimer, bridged by an S-S bond. The suppression of Bcrp S-S bond formation was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, BCRP S-S bond formation activity was decreased by rotenone in Caco-2 cells. Conclusions. Serosal to mucosal flux for uric acid is significantly increased via the paracelluler route, but that via the transcellular route mediated by Bcrp is decreased after intestinal I/R. The decreasing uric acid flux mediated by Bcrp is caused by suppression of Bcrp S-S bond formation. This suppression of Bcrp S-S bond formation may be related to mitochondrial dysfunction.

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Quantification of Three Chiral Flavonoids with Reported Bioactivity in Selected Licensed Canadian Natural Health Products and US Marketed Dietary Supplements
Authors: Sayre Casey , Davies Neal
Published: March 2016

Purpose. Research indicating potentially beneficial bioactivity of flavonoids has produced a market and demand for natural health products and dietary supplements containing flavonoids. Implementation of the Canadian natural health product (NHP) regulations in January of 2004 increased regulation and oversight of NHP manufacture and marketing leading many consumers and clinicians to assume a similar pathway of development and approval to over-the-counter or prescription drugs. Methods. Three stereospecific liquid chromatograph/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) methods were used to assess the flavonoids, liquiritigenin, pinocembrin, and pinostrobin, in selected Canadian licensed NHP’s and US marketed dietary supplements. Results. The present study quantifies bioactive flavonoids in these products and notes variability in flavonoid content. Conclusions. Efficacy and safety of NHP’s and dietary supplements should not be assumed due to differences in criteria for NHP licensure by Health Canada as well as variation of flavonoid content between manufacturers and products with similar indications for use.

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Safranal Treatment Improves Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia and Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Samarghandian Saeed , Borji Abasalt , Delkhosh Mohammad Bagher , Samini Fariborz
Published: March 2016

Purpose. Clinical research has confirmed the efficacy of several plant extracts in the modulation of oxidative stress associated with diabetes mellitus. Findings indicate that safranal has antioxidant properties. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of possible protective effects of safranal against oxidative damage in diabetic rats. Methods. In this study, the rats were divided into the following groups of 8 animals each: control, untreated diabetic, three safranal (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 mg/kg/day)-treated diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. STZ was injected intraperitoneally at a single dose of 60 mg/kg for diabetes induction. Safranal (intraperitoneal injection) was administered 3 days after STZ administration; these injections were continued to the end of the study (4 weeks). At the end of the 4-week period, blood was drawn for biochemical assays. In order to determine the changes of cellular antioxidant defense systems, antioxidant enzymes including glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured in serum. Moreover we also measured serum nitric oxide (NO) and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a marker of lipid peroxidation.  Results. STZ-induced diabetes caused an elevation (p < 0.001) of blood glucose, MDA, NO, total lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol, with reduction of GSH level and CAT and SOD activities. The results indicated that the significant elevation in the blood glucose, MDA, NO, total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol and reduction of glutathione level and CAT and SOD activity were ameliorated in the safranal–treated diabetic groups compared with the untreated groups, in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.05, p<0.01, p < 0.001). Conclusion. These results suggest that safranal has antioxidant properties and improves chemically-induced diabetes and its complications by modulation of oxidative stress. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
LIMPEZA A PLASMA PARA MELHORAR A ADESÃO SUPERFICIAL DE FILMES DE ÓXIDOS DE TITÂNIO
Authors: Guerra Neto Custodio Leopoldino de Brito , Silva Marco Aurélio Medeiros da , Coutinho Karilany Dantas , Wanderley Caroline Dantas Vilar , Guerra Paulo Victor de Azevedo
Published: March 2016

O tratamento para modificação superficial requer um substrato com alto grau de limpeza, a fim de promover um aumento da energia superficial e melhorar a adesão da camada formada ao substrato. Técnicas que estão em crescente uso possuem geralmente o plasma como fonte energética. Nesse trabalho, utilizou-se o plasma produzido em descarga por cátodo oco, com diferentes atmosferas, a fim de estudar a sua influência na despassivação da superfície de titânio. Foram utilizadas 06 placas de Ti cp (grau II), de tamanho 10 x 10 x 1 mm. Estas amostras foram divididas em três grupos para limpeza a plasma em catodo oco com atmosfera de Ar, H2 e Ar/H2 (50-50%) a pressão em torno de 0,7 mbar e temperatura de 200°C nos tempos de 20 e 60 minutos e seguido uma condição de oxidação a plasma a 500oC por 1 hora, com teor 10 % de O2 numa pressão de 2,2 mbar. Após oxidação as amostras foram submetidas à avaliação através de análise de ângulo de contato pela técnica da gota séssil (molhabilidade), análise por difração de raios-X (DRX) e rugosidade.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO SENSORIAL DE BOLO DE BETERRABA COM ADIÇÃO DE FRUTOOLIGOSSACARÍDEOS POR CRIANÇAS EM FASE PRÉ-ESCOLAR
Authors: Stadler Franciélly , Antoniu Fernanda , Novello Daiana
Published: March 2016

A fase pré-escolar é propícia à introdução de alimentos com propriedades funcionais, dentre eles os frutooligossacarídeos (FOS). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aceitabilidade sensorial de bolo de beterraba com adição de FOS por crianças em fase pré-escolar, analisando-se também sua composição química teórica. Três formulações de bolo de beterraba foram elaboradas, sendo uma padrão (F1) e as demais acrescidas de 7,5% (F2) e 15% (F3) de FOS. A análise sensorial avaliou os atributos de aparência, aroma, sabor e cor, através de uma escala hedônica de 5 pontos, sendo aplicado também, questões de aceitação global. Não houve diferença estatística nos atributos avaliados para as três formulações, sendo que a maior frequência de notas permaneceu entre 4 (“bom”) e 5 (“super bom”). As amostras F2 e F3 apresentaram menor teor calórico (155,9 e 141,76 kcal, respectivamente) e com maiores teores de fibras (4,35 e 7,84g) que F1. Os teores de proteínas, lipídeos, vitamina A e vitamina C foram semelhantes nas três formulações. Sendo assim, os FOS podem ser considerados ingredientes em potencial para serem utilizados em substituição ao açúcar, podendo ser oferecidos às crianças com ampla expectativa de aceitação no mercado.
ESTUDO PARA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE UM SISTEMA DE APURAÇÃO DE CUSTOS NO CENTRO DE PESQUISAS ONCOLÓGICAS - CEPON
Authors: ZARDO MARISTELA , Hekis Helio Roberto
Published: March 2016

O trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um estudo para a implementação de um sistema de apuração de custos no Centro de Pesquisas Oncológicas (CEPON). Para a realização do estudo utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica para fundamentar e ilustrar o tema proposto, bem como, o método exploratório descritivo para reconhecer a situação da instituição e identificar um sistema de apuração adequado à realidade da organização estudada. A apuração de custos em organizações hospitalares justifica-se pelo aumento na demanda de clientes, o crescimento dos gastos na área da saúde e as limitações decorrentes de orçamentos limitados, onde as organizações necessitam adotar um sistema que forneça informações úteis referentes a custos. Um sistema de apuração de custos pode trazer aos gestores hospitalares informações relevantes ao planejamento, controle e tomada de decisão com vistas à otimização de recursos e manutenção da qualidade no atendimento ao paciente. Como resultados alcançados foram apresentados os principais métodos adotados para a implementação de um sistema de gestão de custos hospitalares que são o custeio direto, custeio por absorção, com apropriação por centro de custos, e o custeio baseado em atividades (ABC). Depende de cada hospital identificar qual o método mais adequado a sua estrutura organizacional. Em relação às considerações finais verificou-se que a implementação de um sistema de apuração de custos hospitalares proporcionará ao CEPON importantes informações gerenciais. No atual contexto organizacional, identificou-se que o recomendável é o método de custeio por absorção, por ser o mais tradicional e que demanda menores investimentos para sua implementação. Palavras-chave: Organizações hospitalares, apuração de custos, custeio por absorção.
OBSERVATÓRIO NACIONAL DA DENGUE - SISTEMA PARA MONITORAMENTO DE CASOS DE DENGUE
Authors: Da Silva Barros Daniele Montenegro , Morais Philippi Sedir Grilo de , Paiva Jailton Carlos de , Lima Jalerson Raposo Ferreira de , Silva Janaína Luana Rodrigues da
Published: March 2016

A dengue é um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no mundo, várias ações têm sido tomadas ao longo dos anos no combate a essa doença, e a utilização da Tecnologia da Informação pode ser uma grande aliada para alcançar esse objetivo. Dentro deste contexto, o Projeto Observatório Nacional da Dengue está inserido dentro das ações do Projeto Telessaúde, tendo por objetivo monitorar e ajudar a população e o Gestor Público no Combate à Dengue. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo desenvolver um sistema que possibilite o monitoramento dos focos da dengue em tempo real, e como também, oferecer uma ferramenta que agilize o trabalho de campo do Agente de Endemias. Para a realização desse projeto foi necessário projetar uma arquitetura que possibilitasse a comunicação entre as informações coletadas pelo dispositivo móvel, o portal e o servidor, que é responsável pelo recebimento das informações.
BISCOITO ADICIONADO DE FARINHA DE BAGAÇO DE MAÇÃ: CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA E SENSORIAL
Authors: Dourado Camila Pereira , Tozatti Patricia , Stoski Julhyene , Freitas Dianessa Côgo de , Novello Daiana , Bezerra José Raniere Mazile Vidal
Published: March 2016

Visto que a maioria da população não consome a quantidade diária adequada de fibras, diversos produtos, como os biscoitos, poderiam ser utilizados para melhorar o aporte nutricional da população em geral, através da adição de novos ingredientes. Diante disso, o objetivo desse estudo foi elaborar biscoitos com adição de farinha de bagaço de maçã e verificar sua aceitabilidade sensorial e composição química teórica. Foram elaborados três tipos de biscoitos, sendo um padrão (F1 - 0%) e os demais contendo 8,5% (F2) e 14,2% (F3) de farinha de bagaço de maçã. Não houve diferença estatística nos atributos avaliados de aparência, aroma, sabor e cor para as três formulações. A adição de 8,5 e 14,2% de farinha de bagaço de maçã elevou os teores de cinzas, carboidratos, calorias e fibras, entretanto reduziram os conteúdos de proteínas e umidade. As amostras F2 e F3 apresentaram maiores teores de fibra alimentar (5,47 g e 7,80 g, respectivamente) que F1 (2,01 g). Sendo assim, a farinha de bagaço de maçã pode ser considerada um ingrediente em potencial para ser utilizada em biscoitos e similares, podendo ser oferecidos aos consumidores com ampla expectativa de aceitação no mercado.
APLICAÇÕES DOS FLAVONÓIDES EM BIOTECNOLOGIA: PROPRIEDADES TERAPÊUTICAS E APLICAÇÕES NANOTECNOLÓGICAS
Authors: Farias Emanuel Airton de Oliveira , Araujo Thais Danyelle Santos
Published: March 2016

Moléculas bioativas extraídas de plantas têm recebido grande atenção nos últimos anos devido o impacto que as mesmas podem causar na área médica, farmacêutica, no ramo alimentício e outras áreas da biotecnologia. Nesse contexto, os flavonóides destacam-se por estarem presentes em todo o reino vegetal e por apresentarem como sua principal característica a sua atividade antioxidante. Muitos estudos têm avançado na busca de novas propriedades presentes nos flavonóides, e a partir disso várias novas aplicações têm sido propostas para esses compostos. Atualmente sabe-se que além de suas propriedades antioxidantes, diversos outros efeitos biológicos já foram descritos para os flavonóides, tais como: atividade antimicrobiana, antiinflamatória, anticâncer, antitumoral, cardioproteção, antiAlzeimer, neuroprotetora, dentre outras. Diante da enorme aplicabilidade dessas biomoléculas, recentemente a biotecnologia tem proposto diversas novas aplicações para os flavonóides como, por exemplo, na produção de fármacos, biomateriais, sensores e biossensores e ainda em sistemas nanoparticulados para a entrega de drogas. Neste sentido, a presente revisão buscou fazer um apanhado geral da aplicabilidade dos compostos flavonóides dentro da biotecnologia, em especial, nas áreas de saúde e nanotecnologia.
UMA ABORDAGEM JURÍDICA SOBRE O PROJETO TELESSAUDE
Authors: Batista Valfredo , Araújo Bruno Gomes de , Valentim Ricardo Alexandro de Medeiros , Silva Janaína Luana Rodrigues da , Morais Ione Rodrigues Diniz
Published: March 2016

Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem sobre o projeto “Telessaúde Brasil Redes”, direcionando essa tecnologia da informação para a área da saúde pública do estado do Rio Grande do norte, no intuito de promover a disseminação das informações entre os profissionais da área da saúde pública em integração com os demais profissionais dos diversos Hospitais e Unidades de Saúde. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa através de entrevista tomando-se como amostra profissionais que atuam no nível estratégico, gerencial e operacional da área da saúde pública, sendo constituído pelos profissionais que tem contato com os pacientes.
UM ESTUDO SOBRE O GERENCIAMENTO DOS RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS DE SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE NA LIGA NORTE RIOGRANDENSE CONTRA O CÂNCER
Authors: Melo Ricardo Henrique Vieira , Melo Rose Mary Alves Lima , Melo Rodrigo Otávio Freire , Rêgo Giovanni , Vilar Rosana Lúcia Alves
Published: March 2016

A geração de resíduos pelas diversas atividades humanas, incluindo os hospitalares, constitui-se atualmente em um grande desafio. No Brasil, órgãos como a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) e o Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) têm assumido o papel regulador, definindo regras e condutas adequadas aos diferentes agentes, quanto à geração e ao manejo dos diferentes resíduos, bem como o da responsabilização do gerador. Dentro desta problemática, este artigo aborda as particularidades da Liga Norte Riograndense Contra o Câncer (LNRCC), em relação ao gerenciamento dos Resíduos dos Serviços de Saúde (RSS), com o objetivo de conhecer o processo de gestão de resíduos.
BIO-APP - INTERFACE GRÁFICA PADRÃO PARA MONITORAMENTO DE PACIENTES
Authors: Lacerda João Marcos Teixeira , De Araújo Bruno Gomes , Da Silva Gabriela Bezerra , Mitre Daniel Bezerra Galvão , De Carvalho Diego Rodrigues , De Oliveira Evantuy , Praxedes João Batista , Silva Engel Faustino , Valentim Ricardo Alexsandro de Medeiros
Published: March 2016

Atualmente, o acesso a dispositivos biomédicos é realizado, em sua grande maioria, por soluções embarcadas. O problema é que, desta forma, equipes de desenvolvimento de software para dispositivos biomédicos ficam a mercê dos fabricantes. Este projeto, denominado de BIO-APP, se baseia em uma arquitetura transparente e de interface padrão, orientada a serviço, para acesso a dispositivos biomédicos, como forma de abstrair o mecanismo de escrita e leitura de dados nos dispositivos biomédicos, intitulada de SOA-DB. Utilizando-se da transparência da SOA-DB, a BIO-APP focará no desenvolvimento de interfaces gráficas padrão para dispositivos móveis, utilizando ambientes para dispositivos móveis consagrados no mercado, como e HTML5, Java e Android, como forma de melhorar o monitoramento de pacientes por profissionais da área de saúde, seja de forma local ao ambiente ao qual está localizado o paciente, seja de forma remota. Para realizar o monitoramento de pacientes, serão confeccionados protótipos de dispositivos biomédicos, primeiramente por meio de placas de protótipos (protoboards) e, posteriormente, por placas de circuito impresso.
Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Activates Proliferation and Calcification
Authors: Liu Guirong , Deng Jing , Zhang Qiang , Song Wenbin , Chen Shulan , Lou Xiuxiu , Zhang Pengmei , Pan Keqing
Published: March 2016

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is a major etiologic agent of periodontitis, whose virulence has been attributed to different factors, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Vascular ectopic calcification as a well‐known major risk factor for adverse cardiovascular diseases is a highly prevalent vascular pathophenotype, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play an important role in mediating vascular calcification. It was hypothesized that Pg‐LPS may stimulate vascular calcification through a direct effect on VSMC function. To test this hypothesis, the effect of Pg‐LPS on VSMC calcification was determined.

Methods: Primary cultures of VSMCs were obtained and identified by immunochemistry in vitro. The proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of VSMCs were measured using a cell counting kit and an ALP activity test. Mineral deposition was examined using alizarin red staining. Gene (e.g. ALP, core binding factor α1 [Cbfα1], bone sialoprotein [BSP], and osteopontin [OPN]) expression levels altered by Pg‐LPS were determined by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction array.

Results: Pg‐LPS could increase the proliferation of VSMCs at different times and enhance ALP activity of VSMCs after 1 day. Alizarin red staining and quantification showed that, with Pg‐LPS treatment, VSMCs displayed more obvious calcification nodules. When stimulated with Pg‐LPS, the expression of specific osteogenic genes (e.g., ALP, Cbfα1, BSP, and OPN) was significantly promoted in the presence or absence of mineralization‐inducing medium, whereas the expression of the OPN gene was inhibited in the mineralization induction group at day 7.

Conclusion: Pg‐LPS can stimulate VSMC calcification, which results in vascular calcification, further proving the precise relationship between periodontitis and vascular calcification.
Analysis Of Sport Practise In Young Teen Immigrants In The Town Of Cuenca
Authors: Valencia-Garcia Andres , Mondejar-Jimenez Jose , Ferandiz-Vindel Isabel-Maria , Cortes-Ramirez Eugenio-Enrique , Segarra-Ona Maria-del-Val
Published: March 2016

Adolescence is a critical period for the acquisition of healthy habits. Every day there is more evidence that lifestyle has a deeply influence on the health of individuals. For this reason, the adoption of healthy habits or changing bad habits will provide beneficial effects on both health and peoples quality of life.Sport practice in adolescents is being analyzed through this paper. Our empirical work has been focused on teen immigrant population who currently lives in the town of Cuenca (Spain). Therefore, a survey has been conducted among this kind of population in order to obtain a complete profile of them and to make a comparison with the teen native population in Cuenca in forthcoming research.
Identification Of Prospective Science Teachers Mathematical-Logical Structures In Reference To Magnetism
Authors: Yilmaz Ismail
Published: March 2016

This paper is a qualitative case study designed to identify prospective science teachers mathematical-logical structures on the basis of their knowledge and achievement levels in magnetism. The study also made an attempt to reveal the effects of knowledge-level variables and procedural variables, which were considered to be potential factors, on the teachers knowledge and achievement levels. The participants knowledge level was represented by the APS score (knowledge-level variable), whereas their achievement level was expressed by the ASS score (achievement level). The prospective teachers knowledge and achievement levels in mathematical logic were 0.204 and 0.305, respectively. The knowledge-level variables were given-asked, formula, and operation. On the other hand, the procedural variables consisted of formula knowledge, basic math knowledge, and scientific knowledge. The latter group of variables had the following values, respectively: 0.336, 0.758, and 0.199. The findings indicated that basic math knowledge led the participants to have an achievement level higher than their knowledge level. The other variables had values similar to those of the knowledge and achievement levels.
The Effect Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions Have On Student-Teacher Relationships In The Korean Context
Authors: Yoo Alice Julianna
Published: March 2016

This paper explores the role that culture plays in the classroom setting through Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions. Hofstede categorizes four dimensions of cultural differences, but this paper will focus on power distance, which Hofstede describes as the phenomenon in which less powerful members of a society accept inequality in power as a societal norm. The effect power distance has on student-teacher interactions in a Collectivist society, such as Korea, among South Korean University students and an EFL teacher from an Individualistic culture will be discussed.
The Importance Of Human Communication Systems And The Teaching Of The English Language
Authors: Jabbarifar Taghi
Published: March 2016

This study presents an overall review of the paradigms that contribute to the making and development of functional human linguistics and communication skills and the teaching of language.
Dramatisation As A Teaching Method In University Programs For Tour Guides And Interpreters
Authors: Teruel Lola , Morant Maryland , Vinals Maria Jose
Published: March 2016

Tour guides and heritage interpreters are central to the development of experiential tourism. This form of tourism aims at delivering memorable and personalised visitor experiences by developing activities that induce physical, emotional, spiritual and intellectual connections with a specific destination, its resources and its population. In this sense, thematic approaches to heritage interpretation allow heritage resource managers to clearly convey messages by promoting awareness and respect for heritage resources. Dimensions of competency related to heritage interpretation are explored in both formal and informal Spanish education systems. Significant learning methods are designed to achieve these dimensions of competency by allowing the student tour guide to serve the subject of an activity by dramatising interpretive content.This paper describes the experience of the degree programme in Tourism Management at the Polytechnic University of Valencia (Universitat Politnica de Valencia), which applies curricula that involve designing, producing and implementing dramatised tours. A critical assessment of this program is carried out to evaluate the experiences and academic progress of students and other individuals involved in the programs development.
Problem-Based Learning Environment In Basic Computer Course: Pre-Service Teachers Achievement And Key Factors For Learning
Authors: Efendioglu Akin
Published: March 2016

This experimental study aims to determine pre-service teachers achievements and key factors that affect the learning process with regard to problem-based learning (PBL) and lecture-based computer course (LBCC) conditions. The research results showed that the pre-service teachers in the PBL group had significantly higher achievement scores than those in the LBCC group. Moreover, challenging, creativity, cognitive and affective attainments, and group aspects are regarded as positive learning keys in the PBL group; by contrast, in the LBCC group, the ease of learning and effective learning are found as positive learning keys, while superficial learning and adverse affective aspects are negative learning keys. Finally, these findings are discussed in terms of pre-service teachers learning and skills and also the learning approaches used in the study.
Professional Development Needs Of English Language Teachers In Malaysia
Authors: Khandehroo Koroush , Mukundan Jayakaran , Alavi Zhinoos Kamal
Published: March 2016

This study surveyed the professional development (PD) needs of school English language teachers at Melaka State in Malaysia. With close cooperation with the Department of Language at the Ministry of Education, the whole population of English language teachers had been studied on their types of professional development needs in instructional skills. The data showed that 99% of the English language teachers perceived that they needed professional development at some level while only about 1% stated no need to any types of PD activities. Nearly 50% indicated their need for PD to be very high or high. Maintaining language skills, assessing students, and using cooperative learning were respectively the first, second and third instructional skills for which teachers indicated very high or high levels of need for PD. The quantitative data also shed light on how PD needs were related to the demographic factors of the participants. The results of this study would give insightful feedback to the administrators of the Language Department in Malaysia to better design PD activities with more developmental outcomes.
Looking East: Yin And Yang Of An Academic Exchange
Authors: La Roche Claire Reeves
Published: March 2016

Intended as a brief guide to the cultural differences associated with an East-West academic exchange, this paper discusses customs and cultural norms likely to be encountered. Chinese economic growth has been accompanied by rapidly increasing East-West study abroad opportunities. Over the past decade, China has sent more students to study abroad than any other country and the number of American students studying in China has increased exponentially (Laughlin). In many cases, both U.S. and Chinese students and faculty participating in an American academic study abroad program are inadequately prepared for, and indeed surprised, by the differences in customs they encounter. Professors and students participating in an East-West exchange were interviewed. Cultural differences are discussed and examples are presented intended to help prepare students and professors for successful guanxi (networking).
The Relationship Between Types Of Paragraphs And Topic Progression Used In Paragraphs Written By Iranian EFL Students
Authors: Ghazanfari Mohammad , Alavi Sahar Zahed , Ghabanchi Zargham
Published: March 2016

Using Lautmattis (1978) framework, this study examines the types of topic progression techniques used in 120 paragraphs written by 40 Iranian undergraduate students. Each student was asked to write three types of paragraphs; namely, those of comparison and contrast, cause-effect, and chronology. The present study investigates the relationship between the types of paragraphs and types of topic progression techniques used in them. As the results of the Chi-square test show, there is a relationship between types of paragraphs and types of topic progression techniques. In paragraphs of comparison and contrast, sequential progression (38.44%); in paragraphs of cause-effect, sequential progression (34.72%); and in paragraphs of chronology, extended parallel progression (35.52%) were the most frequently used types of topic progression.
Students Self-Assessment: Other Way To Assess Competences At Higher Education
Authors: Ferrandiz-Vindel Isabel-Maria
Published: March 2016

At the High Education European Frame (EEES), we propose the necessity to generate a change in assess procedures and not only at the designs or at the methodology proposals to favour the development of the specific and transversal competences of each degree.The objective of this work is to show how the student receives his/her learning process based on basic competences and how it can help him/her in the acquisition of the professional competences.It is, in that way, why we use the self-assessment as a clarifying process which facilitates the educational identity of the didactic intervention. It defines the student situation face to the learning and at the same time it shows the effectiveness the teachers action. Self-assessment can maybe be the best way to evaluate attitudinal contents so it causes self-reflection in the student to try to discover and identify the values which assume and the attitudes that are generated.
A Report Of The Responses Of Botswana Junior Secondary School Teachers On The Three Subscales Of The Teachers Sense Of Efficacy Scale (TSES)
Authors: Dibapile Waitshega Tefo Smitta
Published: March 2016

The focus of this paper is to present the findings of the study on teacher efficacy and classroom management. To collect data a survey was administered to 1006 Botswana participants. Out of 1006 participants only 6 did not complete the survey. Pearson-product moment correlation was computed to analyze the data using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). Pearson shows a correlation for the three subscales at 0.01 level (2- tailed). For Instructional Strategies and Student Engagement r=.412, Student Engagement and Classroom Management r= .589 and Instructional Strategies and Classroom Management r=.589.For teacher practices items the results show that there is no significant relationship between the positive and negative practices reported by the teachers in regard to classroom management, student engagement, and instructional strategies. Bonferroni adjustment which changes from .05 to .017 shows no significant relationships.
Internationalization Modules Of The Higher Education System In Iraq
Authors: Mohamed Basil K.
Published: March 2016

The internationalization of higher education is a natural result of the internationalization of the worlds material and intellectual development, which means the modern types of organizations that could maintain worldwide cooperation and competition of commerce, industry and education. The education institutions in developing countries like Iraq are controlled primarily by national authorities, while internationalization could accept education objectives which are not defined by national views, but by international scope of scientific developments and multicultural enhancement. This research reviews the various aspects of the higher education system in Iraq and highlights the internationalization modules that enhance vital connections between Iraqi educational institutions and international organizations. In order to address the academic viewpoints toward internationalization in Iraq, a field survey was conducted using a questionnaire list. The research sample selected for the survey included high-level professional personnel to identify key problems and how the higher education system practically implemented the internationalization modulus in different activities, such as international curricula, international students, admission standards, international scholarships, collaborative student programs, intercultural communications, languages, textbooks, conferences, and workshops. The data collected were analyzed and the results were shown diagrammatically. It focuses on the evaluation of the internationalization contents in higher education and in teaching practices. It also discusses the challenges and opportunities to identify the promising teaching practices that could be achieved.
A Study On Prospective Science Teachers Knowledge And Achievement Levels In Mathematical Logic In Electricity-Related Subjects
Authors: Yilmaz Ismail
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this case study is to reveal prospective science teachers knowledge and achievement levels in electricity-related subjects. The data for the study were collected from 44 prospective teachers using three measurement tools. The data were then analyzed using software developed for the Probability and Possibility Calculation Statistics for Data Variables method, developed by Y?lmaz (2011). It was concluded that prospective science teachers achievement levels in mathematical logic in electricity-related subjects are influenced by their achievement levels in physics and basic mathematical procedures, as well as their knowledge levels. However, it was observed that the main influence on their achievement level in mathematical logic is the logical structure of knowledge, and not the knowledge level in the variables given-asked and operations. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that both the methods of teaching knowledge and teaching the logical structure of knowledge be incorporated into the educational-instructional process. The study emphasizes that it would be optimistic to expect that individuals who learn without an awareness of the logical structure of knowledge will reach their potential.
Sufism In The Novel: Cats Eyes
Authors: Miniawi Nayera
Published: March 2016

Cat’s Eyes is a novel about suffering and endurance, early marriage, spirituality and the sanctuary it provides, and Sufism in particular. It uses certain motifs to depict the psychological suffering of a young girl, caused by her conservative father and unsatisfactory marriage, which persists until she finally reaches a moment of spiritual clarity. This paper focuses primarily on how this novel’s motifs illustrate the revelatory power of Sufism’s unifying worldview.
Learning-Centered Teaching And Backward Course Design From Transferring Knowledge To Teaching Skills
Authors: Davidovitch Nitza
Published: March 2016

The article shall focus on the design of academic courses from a learning-centered approach, with an emphasis on the formulation of learning outcomes. Planning a course from a learning-centered approach helps create a dialogue between the academic faculty and students and creates congruence between learning outcomes (course goals) and instruction methods and assessment goals. The purpose of the article is to present the need for paradigmatic change and for a transition from planning content-centered courses to planning learning-centered courses. The need for paradigmatic change stems from technological transformations and from the status of knowledge as belonging to everyone. The article presents the significance of expressing learning outcomes in writing and the advantages and challenges of formulating learning aims. The article shall present a case study of a course in the "backward design" method that is consistent with the learning-centered paradigm. The challenges formed by this method will be discussed as well.
Teachers Self Efficacy: Is Reporting Non-Significant Results Essential?
Authors: Moalosi Smitta Waitshega Tefo
Published: March 2016

Self-efficacious teachers are viewed as having the ability to organize relevant activities, patient with students who are struggling in learning, and spending more time designing relevant teaching activities. The teachers exhibit good performance and probably remain committed to their work. And they are committed to organizing appropriate teaching activities, engaging students in learning. Teachers with high self- efficacy keep students on task and perform better because they use innovative teaching methods that encourage students autonomy and reduce custodial control. The main purpose of this paper is to report non-significant findings of a study that was carried out in Botswana with 1000 junior secondary school teachers in Gaborone and surrounding areas between November 2010 and February 2011. The study was about teacher efficacy and classroom management among Botswana junior secondary school teachers. Teacher Sense of Efficacy scale (TSES) instrument was used to collect data for the study. TSES comprises of three subscales, Efficacy in Student Engagement, Instructional Strategies and Classroom Management. Efficacy in Student Engagement was the only significant subscale among other sub-scales of TSES. The TSES means of districts, cities, towns and villages were not significant. This prompted the researcher to report non-significant results because they can assist teacher educators and stakeholders on how best to improve the training of pre-service and in-service teachers. Teacher commitment to work can enhance student learning. Teacher effectiveness can also promote positive effect in student learning, because teachers can plan their work using relevant materials that can motivate students to learn. Managing classrooms can enhance student learning if teachers encourage students to be responsible to their learning, and can put students on task and to reduce students undesirable behaviors that may interfere with their learning.
An Exploratory Analysis Of Issus In System & Acceptance Testing
Authors: Spruell James A. , Downing Ricard E.
Published: March 2016

This paper uses findings from a qualitative study to explore the issues identified by programmers and the end user community in conducting software testing. Narratives were collected from 103 software testers and project managers selected from 10 different organizations in the Kansas City/Jefferson City area. Semi-structured interviews were used to illuminate the background to, and ways in which people conceptualize and respond to testing issues in their specific organizational setting. The study findings suggest a number of managerial strategies to ensure a more efficient testing process.