bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIZE AND SPACING OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS IN MALDA DISTRICT: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Presidency University,  86/1, College Street, Kolkata-73, Aktar Dr Nasim , Sultana Dr Chand ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Panihati Mahavidyalaya, Sodpur-Barasat Road, Sodpur, Kolkata-114
Published: July 2022

Rural settlement, as man's living and practical space dabs the field since ancient time and structures an indispensable part of human life. A rural settlement, as the purpose of cause and main living place of human culture is the connecting string and life blood of every geographical study. An attempt has been made to analyse the spatial distribution of rural settlement according to their size. The size of settlement helps to identify the population threshold of social amenity, which is an important aspect of location studies as human settlements produce a certain degree of order in their distributional pattern over the space.
Сlinical Efficacy of Individually Dosed Intermittent Hypoxia-Hyperoxic Therapy in Osteoarthritis Patients with Post-Covid Syndrome
Authors: Orlova Evgeniya V. , Lyamina Nadezhda P. , Skorobogatyth Natalya V , Pogonchenkova Irena V.
Published: July 2022

Aim. To evaluate the clinical efficiency of the individually dosed interval hypoxia-hyperoxic therapy in the medical rehabilitation of patients with osteoarthritis (OA), having post-COVID syndrome.
Material and methods. 50 patients with OA (84% females, age of 43 to 68 years) where included in the randomized placebo-controlled study. Coronavirus infection COVID-19 were diagnosed from 12 to 26 weeks before the study. Patients had at least 6 symptoms of post-COVID syndrome. All patients were randomized into 3 groups. 18 patients of the study group received 10 hypoxia-hyperoxic therapy procedures, 15 comparison group patients – 10 placebo procedures, 14 control group patients – only standard rehabilitation. The study group patients were breathing hypoxic (FiO2 13–15%) and hyperoxic (FiO2 up to 40%) gas mixture through the mask in the interval mode using device ReOxy. The duration of 1–4 procedures was 30 min, 5–10 procedures – 40 min. The placebo procedures were performed using the mask with the atmospheric air hole. The standard rehabilitation program in all groups for 2 weeks included: 10 group sessions of physical exercises with elements of breathing exercises, 10 procedures of magnetic therapy for joints, 10 sodium chloride baths. Joint pain and general health on 100-mm visual analog scale, Lequesne and WOMAC indexes, Spielberger-Khanin reactive anxiety test, Beck depression inventory and breathlessness on Modified Borg scale were evaluated at baseline (control point T0) and at 2 weeks (control point T1).
Results and discussion. After 2 weeks (T1) in the study group, pain decreased by 51.4% (p < 0.01), Lequesne index – by 34.8% (p < 0.05), WOMAC – by 44.7% (p < 0.05), reactive anxiety level – by 23.7% (p < 0.05), depression symptoms – by 52.9% (p < 0.01), breathlessness – by 71.2% (p < 0.01), general health improved by 52.1% (р < 0.01). In the study group, there were statistically significant differences from the control group in all parameters (р < 0.05) and from the comparison group in most indicators (р < 0.05), excluding the Lequesne index. These results are consistent with the data of modern studies of efficiency of hypoxic conditioning.
Conclusion. 2-week rehabilitation program, including interval hypoxia-hyperoxic therapy, reduces pain, breathlessness, depression and reactive anxiety symptoms, improves general health and functional status in patients with OA, having post-COVID syndrome.
Application of “David Spine Concept” Equipment in Complex Rehabilitation of Patients of Post-Surgical Treatment of the Cervical Vertebrae Traumatic Injuries
Authors: Chesnikova Ekaterina I. , Savelieva Ekaterina M. , Mikhaleva Kristina A. , Eremushkin Mikhail A. , Shafaei Hassan
Published: July 2022

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of the developed rehabilitation complex for patient after surgical treatment of traumatic lesions of the cervical spine using David 140 and 160 simulators, therapeutic group exercises for the shoulder girdle muscles and exercises in swimming pool.
Material and methods. The research involved 28 patients. All patients, after surgical treatment of traumatic cervical spine injuries, underwent a complex of rehabilitation measures with the help of therapeutic group exercises for the shoulder girdle muscles (mixed exercises), exercises in swimming pool in order to train the postural muscles of patients and the use of simulators: David 140 Cervical flexion and extension/ Lateroflexion (Cervical Extension/Latheral Flexion Device), David 160 Cervical Rotation.
Results. The effectiveness of the developed rehabilitation complex was evaluated and proven using David Spine Concept functional motor tests.
Conclusion. Trainings on David simulators in combination with therapeutic group exercises for the shoulder girdle muscles strengthening and exercises in swimming pool for postural muscles training have a positive effect in rehabilitation measures to improve
the quality of patients’ life after a surgical treatment of cervical spine traumatic lesions.
Patchy Nightside Clouds on Ultra-hot Jupiters: General Circulation Model Simulations with Radiatively Active Cloud Tracers
Authors: Komacek Thaddeus D. , Tan Xianyu , Gao Peter , Lee Elspeth K. H.
Published: July 2022

The atmospheres of ultra-hot Jupiters have been characterized in detail through recent phase curve and low- and high-resolution emission and transmission spectroscopic observations. Previous numerical studies have analyzed the effect of the localized recombination of hydrogen on the atmospheric dynamics and heat transport of ultra-hot Jupiters, finding that hydrogen dissociation and recombination lead to a reduction in the day-to-night contrasts of ultra-hot Jupiters relative to previous expectations. In this work, we add to previous efforts by also considering the localized condensation of clouds in the atmospheres of ultra-hot Jupiters, their resulting transport by the atmospheric circulation, and the radiative feedback of clouds on the atmospheric dynamics. To do so, we include radiatively active cloud tracers into the existing MITgcm framework for simulating the atmospheric dynamics of ultra-hot Jupiters. We take cloud condensate properties appropriate for the high-temperature condensate corundum from CARMA cloud microphysics models. We conduct a suite of general circulation model (GCM) simulations with varying cloud microphysical and radiative properties, and we find that partial cloud coverage is a ubiquitous outcome of our simulations. This patchy cloud distribution is inherently set by atmospheric dynamics in addition to equilibrium cloud condensation, and causes a cloud greenhouse effect that warms the atmosphere below the cloud deck. Nightside clouds are further sequestered at depth due to a dynamically induced high-altitude thermal inversion. We post-process our GCMs with the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code gCMCRT and find that the patchy clouds on ultra-hot Jupiters do not significantly impact transmission spectra but can affect their phase-dependent emission spectra.
Evolution of the Heliotail Lobes over a Solar Cycle as Measured by IBEX
Authors: Dayeh M. A. , Zirnstein E. J. , Fuselier S. A. , Funsten H. O. , McComas D. J.
Published: July 2022

Energetic neutral atom (ENA) measurements by IBEX reveal that the heliotail comprises an energy-dependent multilobe structure. We examine the heliotail evolution over 11 yr of IBEX observations covering a full solar cycle (SC). We find the following: (1) The heliotail structure persists over the entire SC, comprising three ENA-enhanced and two ENA-suppressed lobes. (2) Lobe sizes and locations are generally stable but exhibit variations in ENA fluxes driven by the SC. (3) Lobe centers follow a cyclic behavior over multiple SC phases, indicating direct signatures of slow and fast solar wind (SW) interactions in the inner heliosheath (IHS). (4) The tilted plane passing through the port–starboard lobes’ centers oscillates in latitude but maintains its tilt from the ecliptic plane, likely a consequence of the interstellar magnetic field draping around the heliosphere. (5) The transition of the central heliotail from a single lobe at ∼1.1 keV to two lobes above ∼2 keV is SC-dependent and directly reflects the IHS plasma properties, i.e., when ENA fluxes from fast SW from the polar coronal holes change over time. (6) The central lobe exhibits a substructure that is enhanced and offset from the downwind direction, possibly indicating an asymmetric ENA emission or an asymmetry in the parent plasma distribution. These results reveal the general stability of the heliotail structure over time and distinct variations in individual lobes’ properties in relation to the SC phases. Furthermore, results show the effects of multiple SC phases in the tail, reflecting different ENA travel times and source histories.
Photometric Observations of the Binary Near-Earth Asteroid (65803) Didymos in 2015–2021 Prior to DART Impact
Authors: Pravec P. , Thomas C. A. , Rivkin A. S. , Scheirich P. , Moskovitz N. , Knight M. M. , Snodgrass C. , de León J. , Licandro J. , Popescu M. , Thirouin A. , Föhring D. , Chandler C. O. , Oldroyd W. J. , Trujillo C. A. , Howell E. S. , Green S. F. , Thomas-Osip J. , Sheppard S. S. , Farnham T. L. , Mazzotta Epifani E. , Dotto E. , Ieva S. , Dall’Ora M. , Kokotanekova R. , Carry B. , Souami D.
Published: July 2022

We performed photometric observations of the binary near-Earth asteroid (65803) Didymos in support of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission that will test the Kinetic Impactor technology for diverting dangerous asteroids. It will hit the Didymos secondary, called Dimorphos, on 2022 September 26. We observed Didymos with 11 telescopes with diameters from 3.5 to 10.4 m during four apparitions in 2015–2021, obtaining data with rms residuals from 0.006 to 0.030 mag. We analyzed the light-curve data and decomposed them into the primary rotational and secondary orbital light curves. We detected 37 mutual eclipse/occultation events between the binary system components. The data presented here, in combination with 18 mutual events detected in 2003, provide the basis for modeling the Dimorphos orbit around the Didymos primary. The orbit modeling is discussed in detail by Scheirich & Pravec and Naidu et al. The primary light curves were complex, showing multiple extrema on some epochs. They suggest a presence of complex topography on the primary’s surface that is apparent in specific viewing/illumination geometries; the primary shape model by Naidu et al. (Icarus 348, 113777, 2020) needs to be refined. The secondary rotational light-curve data were limited and did not provide a clear solution for the rotation period and equatorial elongation of Dimorphos. We define the requirements for observations of the secondary light curve to provide the needed information on Dimorphos’s rotation and elongation when Didymos is bright in 2022 July–September before the DART impact.
High Heat Flux near Miranda’s Inverness Corona Consistent with a Geologically Recent Heating Event
Authors: Beddingfield Chloe B. , Leonard Erin , Cartwright Richard J. , Elder Catherine , Nordheim Tom A.
Published: July 2022

Uranus’s moon Miranda has a complex surface reflecting multiple episodes of activity. We estimated the heat flux near Inverness Corona, the youngest terrain on Miranda (

100

−
100

+
400

Ma), to gain insight into recent endogenic resurfacing. We modeled flexure associated with Argier Rupes, which separates Inverness from the Cratered Terrain. Our results indicate an elastic thickness of 2.2–3.1 km and a heat flux of 35–140 mW m−2 in this region, assuming Miranda’s lithosphere is composed of pure H2O ice without porosity. Because the formation of the bounding flexure that we analyzed followed the formation of Argier Rupes, our results indicate that Miranda experienced high heat flux in the past

100

−
100

+
400

Ma. These results are also consistent with heating from a past resonance, possibly an Ariel–Umbriel 5:3 mean motion resonance, estimated to have generated heat fluxes >100 mW m−2 on Miranda. However, if Miranda instead has a porous lithosphere, our heat flux estimates are lower: 34–135 mW m−2 for 5% porosity, 29–114 mW m−2 for 15% porosity, and 20–81 mW m−2 for 25% porosity. Alternatively, if Miranda’s lithosphere includes NH3-hydrates, then our are estimates are even lower, 7–56 mW m−2 without porosity. These estimates decrease further when assuming NH3-hydrates and porosity: 7–54 mW m−2 for 5% porosity, 6–46 mW m−2 for 15% porosity, and 4–32 mW m−2 for 25% porosity. Better constraints on Miranda’s heat fluxes require more information on its ice shell properties.
Environmental Changed, Capacity of Adaptation, and The Levels of Community Resilience Post-Earthquake in Lombok, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional study
Authors: Sarwadhamana Raden Jaka , Han Eunkyung , Koeppen Keley , Kusnanto Hari , Rustamaji Rustamaji , Hadi Hamam , Ridwan Edi Sampurno , Ningsih Eva Silvia
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Natural disasters led to environmental destruction, casualties, and fatality. Disasters have been associated with post-traumatic disorders among affected community, thus, it is important to understand capability and resilience level post-disasters. AIM: This study aims to determine the degree of environmental change and the capacity of adaptation associate to the levels of community resilience among earthquake victims in Lombok, Indonesia. METHODS: A number of 129 respondents were recruited using clustered random sampling design. Data were collected using the adaptation capacity framework and the resilience brief scale questionnaire by face-to-face interviews. Significant level was set as p = 0.05 with 95% confidence interval. A Chi-square statistical test and logistic regression were used to test hypothesis. RESULTS: A number of 129 respondents included in the study. Bivariate analysis indicated a significant correlation between environmental changed, adaptation capacity, and community resilience. Environmental changed was predictor that statistically significant predicted community resilience (ß = 2.425, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The level of environmental destruction was significantly predicted the level of community resilience.
2022 Consensus statement on the management of familial hypercholesterolemia in Korea
Authors: Lee Chan Joo , Yoon Minjae , Kang Hyun-Jae , Kim Byung Jin , Choi Sung Hee , Jeong In-Kyung , Lee Sang-Hak ,   on behalf of Task Force Team for Familial Hypercholesterolemia,   Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis
Published: July 2022

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common monogenic disorder. Due to the marked elevation of cardiovascular risk, the early detection, diagnosis, and proper management of this disorder are critical. Herein, the 2022 Korean guidance on this disease is presented. Clinical features include severely elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, tendon xanthomas, and premature coronary artery disease. Clinical diagnostic criteria include clinical findings, family history, or pathogenic mutations in the LDLR, APOB, or PCSK9. Proper suspicion of individuals with typical characteristics is essential for screening. Cascade screening is known to be the most efficient diagnostic approach. Early initiation of lipid-lowering therapy and the control of other risk factors are important. The first-line pharmacological treatment is statins, followed by ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitors as required. The ideal treatment targets are 50% reduction and < 70 or < 55 mg/dL (in the presence of vascular disease) of LDL-C, although less strict targets are frequently used. Homozygous FH is characterized by untreated LDL-C > 500 mg/dL, xanthoma since childhood, and family history. In children, the diagnosis is made with criteria, including items largely similar to those of adults. In women, lipid-lowering agents need to be discontinued before conception.
Updates on conventional therapies for inflammatory bowel diseases: 5-aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and anti-TNF-α
Authors: Park Jihye , Cheon Jae Hee
Published: July 2022

The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are rapidly increasing worldwide. IBDs are considered an emerging problem not only in Western countries but also in developing counties. The relapses and complications of active IBD mandate various medications. Nevertheless, hospitalization, emergency room visits, or surgery may be required, resulting in a socioeconomic burden. Great advances have been made in the development of new therapeutic options for IBD to achieve induction and maintenance remission. Nevertheless, conventional therapy is still the mainstay in the treatment of IBD. This review article provides an update on recent advances in conventional therapies, including 5-aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agents to treat IBD.
Further characterizations of the $ m $-weak group inverse of a complex matrix
Authors: Jiang Wanlin , Zuo Kezheng
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we introduce certain different characterizations and several new properties of the $ m $-weak group inverse of a complex matrix. Also, the relationship between the $ m $-weak group inverse and a nonsingular bordered matrix is established as well as the Cramer's rule for the solution of the restricted matrix equation that depends on the $ m $-weak group inverse.
Hybrid recommendation algorithm based on real-valued RBM and CNN
Authors: Wu Jue , Yang Lei , Yang Fujun , Zhang Peihong , Bai Keqiang
Published: July 2022

With the unprecedented development of big data, it is becoming hard to get the valuable information hence, the recommendation system is becoming more and more popular. When the limited Boltzmann machine is used for collaborative filtering, only the scoring matrix is considered, and the influence of the item content, the user characteristics and the user evaluation content on the predicted score is not considered. To solve this problem, the modified hybrid recommendation algorithm based on Gaussian restricted Boltzmann machine is proposed in the paper. The user text information and the item text information are input to the embedding layer to change the text information into numerical vector. The convolutional neural network is used to get the latent feature vector of the text information. The latent vector is connected to rating vector to get the item and the user vector. The user vector and the item vector are fused together to get the user-item matrix which is input to the visual layer of Gaussian restricted Boltzmann Machine to predict the ratings. Some simulation experiments have been performed on the algorithm, and the results of the experiments proved that the algorithm is feasible.
DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANCE CRITERIA METHOD FOR SHIP PERFORMANCE EVALUATION BY ONBOARD MONITORING DATA
Authors: Sakurada A , Sogihara N , Tsujimoto M , Sato H
Published: July 2022

A collaborative project for evaluation of ship performance in actual seas called “OCTARVIA” was launched in October 2017 with the participation of 25 companies in the Japanese maritime cluster. One research theme of the project is evaluation of ship performance in a calm sea using onboard monitoring data, since performance in a calm sea is the basis for evaluating ship performance in actual seas and for assessing the effects of fouling and aging on ships. In this paper, the authors introduce the Resistance Criteria Method (RCM) for evaluation of ship performance in a calm sea. The method applies the increase rate of resistance from a calm sea for filtering of environmental factors, and also applies the
apparent slip ratio for reduction of deviations in the filtered data. The effectiveness of RCM is validated by a comparison between onboard monitoring data and performance simulations based on the performance obtained by RCM.
Camino Francés y urbanismo en la Galicia medieval: el caso del antiguo burgo de Triacastela
Authors: Valdés Blanco-Rajoy Rosario
Published: July 2022

Santa María de Vilavella constituye el caso poco conocido de un burgo del Camino Francés, que surgió al abrigo de un monasterio altomedieval relacionado con la acogida de peregrinos. Tras alcanzar en el siglo XII un cierto grado de desarrollo asociado al trasiego del Camino, comenzó su decadencia como centro viario y comercial cuando en las primeras décadas del siglo XIII el rey Alfonso IX de León creó la nueva puebla de Triacastela, trasladando la población a otro emplazamiento más ventajoso enclavado sobre una encrucijada de la misma ruta. Mientras que la nueva fundación se afianzó con éxito como cabecera territorial, constituyendo un núcleo configurado por el eje viario y por la cerca que lo defendía, el antiguo burgo de Santa María mantuvo su caserío agrupado al pie de la antigua iglesia monasterial, evolucionando como una aldea más del ámbito rural gallego, toda vez que su principal dedicación quedó revertida a la explotación de los recursos agropecuarios.
 
[gl] Santa María de Vilavella constitúe o caso escasamente coñecido dun burgo do Camiño Francés, que xurdiu ao abrigo dunha comunidade monástica altomedieval relacionada coa asistencia aos peregrinos. Despois de alcanzar certo grao de desenvolvemento no século XII, asociado ao tránsito do Camiño de Santiago, o seu declive como centro comercial e viario comezou cando o rei Afonso IX de León estableceu a nova entidade de poboación de Triacastela nas primeiras décadas do século XIII nunha encrucillada xacobea próxima. Entrementres Triacastela se afianzaba coma un núcleo camiñeiro e amurallado, cabeceira territorial, o antigo burgo de Santa María mantiña o seu casarío agrupado na contorna da antiga igrexa monástica, evolucionando como unha aldea máis da paisaxe rural galega, centrada na explotación primaria dos recursos agropecuarios.
Santa Ana en la Edad Media. Iconografía y devoción en la catedral de Mondoñedo
Authors: Méndez-Sánchez Almudena María
Published: July 2022

En el registro hagiográfico de la cristiandad, el estatus conferido a santa Ana se debe a su condición de madre de la Virgen María. El interés de la cristiandad hacia su figura, debido a su creciente devoción en el occidente medieval, se fundamenta en la lectura de los evangelios apócrifos y los comentarios de teólogos medievales acerca de su vida, entre los que destaca la exégesis realizada por Jacobo de la Vorágine en la Leyenda Dorada. En el contexto hispánico este estudio analiza cómo esta devoción se manifiesta en la producción artística del territorio de la diócesis mindoniense, entre los siglos XV y XVI, conformándose como centro devocional la catedral de Mondoñedo. En ella se conserva un ciclo de pinturas murales en el que se inserta una representación de santa Ana Triple, que constituye un ejemplo de la devoción local hacia la madre de la Virgen, cuya relevancia se estudia con relación al programa pictórico catedralicio.
 
[gl] No rexistro haxiográfico da cristiandade, o rango conferido a santa Ana débese á súa condición de nai da Virxe María. O interese da cristiandade na súa figura, debido á súa crecente devoción no occidente medieval, fundaméntase na lectura dos evanxeos apócrifos e nos comentarios de teólogos medievais sobre a súa vida, entre os que destaca Jacobo de la Vorágine na Legenda Aurea. No contexto hispánico este estudo analiza como esta devoción se manifesta na produción artística do territorio da diocese mindoniense, entre os séculos XV e XVI, conformándose como centro da devoción a catedral de Mondoñedo. Nela consérvase un ciclo de pinturas murais no que se inclúe unha representación de santa Ana Tripla, que constitúe un exemplo da devoción local cara a nai da Virxe, cuxa relevancia se estuda con relación ao programa pictórico catedralicio.
La consolidación de las élites urbanas a finales de la Edad Media: estudio histórico-diplomático del mayorazgo del jerezano Gonzalo Pérez de Gallegos
Authors: Jiménez López de Eguileta Javier E. , Ruiz Pilares Enrique J.
Published: July 2022

Las ciudades andaluzas bajomedievales estuvieron gobernadas prácticamente desde la conquista del valle del Guadalquivir en el siglo XIII por un reducido grupo de familias vinculadas a la vida militar fronteriza, a las actividades agropecuarias y al servicio de la monarquía y a la alta nobleza. La institución del regimiento por Alfonso XI sancionó legalmente el sistema oligárquico, aunque el proceso de cierre y consolidación de la élite concejil no se hizo efectivo hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XV. El traspaso cuasi hereditario de los oficios concejiles, la asunción de los valores aristocráticos y su estilo de vida, la institución de mayorazgos y, ya bien entrado el siglo XVI, el reconocimiento jurídico de la hidalguía, fueron las últimas etapas de este largo proceso de ascenso y consolidación política. El linaje Gallegos de Jerez de la Frontera es un buen ejemplo de ello. Llegados desde tierras gallegas como pobladores en 1269, dos siglos después se habían consolidado dentro del grupo dirigente. A comienzos del siglo XVI, Gonzalo Pérez de Gallegos servía a los duques de Medinaceli, pertenecía al regimiento urbano y había participado activamente en la vida fronteriza. Cercano a su muerte y gracias a la licencia regia concedida por Carlos I, quiso garantizar en 1527 la posición alcanzada por su linaje instituyendo su mayorazgo ante un escribano público de la ciudad.
 
[gl] As cidades andaluzas baixomedievais estiveron gobernadas practicamente dende a conquista do val do Guadalquivir no século XIII por un reducido grupo de familias vencelladas á vida militar fronteiriza, ás actvidades agropecuarias e ao servizo da monarquía e á alta nobreza. A institución do rexemento por Afonso XI sancionou legalmente o sistema oligárquico, aínda que o proceso de peche e consolidación da elite concellil non se completou ata a segunda metade do século XV. O traspaso case hereditario dos oficios dos concellos, a asunción dos valores aristocráticos e o seu estilo de vida, a institución de morgados, e xa no século XVI, o recoñecemento xurídico da fidalguía, foron as derradeiras etapas deste longo proceso de ascenso e consolidación política. A liñaxe Gallegos de Jerez de la Frontera é un bo exemplo deste fenómeno. Procedentes de terras galegas como poboadores en 1269, dous séculos despois xa estaban consolidados dentro do grupo dirixente. A comezos do século XVI, Gonzalo Pérez de Gallegos traballaba ás ordes dos duques de Medinaceli, pertencía ao rexemento urbano e participara de xeito activo na vida de fronteira. Estando preto da súa morte e grazas á licenza rexia que lle fora outorgada por Carlos I, Gonzalo Pérez quixo garantir en 1527 a posición acadada pola súa liñaxe instituíndo o seu morgado diante dun escribán público da cidade.
La Santa Cena del colegio jesuítico de Monterrei (Ourense). Atribución, fuentes y difusión de un grabado de Johann Sadeler I y Peter de Witte
Authors: Rivo Vázquez María
Published: July 2022

La Santa Cena del Castillo de Monterrei, de excepcional tema y dimensiones en el arte gallego de la Edad Moderna, apenas ha sido estudiada. Combinando la historia cultural y el estudio formal e iconográfico, analizamos la pintura con tres hipótesis de partida: su procedencia de una fundación jesuítica, su vinculación con Juan A. García de Bouzas y el uso de un modelo grabado flamenco. La adscripción al Colegio de Monterrei se ve respaldada por su IHS y la significación del tema para la Compañía. Además, exponemos su probable presencia en el “Museo de Pinturas de Orense” (1845-1852). De la autoría de Bouzas o su taller hay numerosos indicios: desde otros trabajos para los jesuitas hasta similitudes formales y técnicas con obras propias y de su maestro Luca Giordano. No obstante, la falta de documentación nos obliga a proponer una mera atribución. Por último, localizamos la principal fuente artística de la obra: un grabado de Johann Sadeler I basado en una pintura del ítalo-flamenco Peter de Witte que encabeza una dispersa familia artística de la que por primera vez identificamos o relacionamos algunas copias.
 
[gl] A Santa Cea do Castelo de Monterrei, de excepcional tema e dimensións na arte galega da Idade Moderna, apenas ten sido estudada. Combinando a historia cultural máis o estudo formal e iconográfico, analizamos a pintura con tres hipóteses de partida: a súa procedencia dunha fundación xesuítica, a súa vinculación con Juan A. García de Bouzas e o uso dun modelo gravado flamengo. A adscrición ao Colexio de Monterrei vese respaldada polo seu IHS e a significación do tema para a Compañía. Ademais, expoñemos a súa probable presenza no “Museo de Pinturas de Orense” (1845-1852). Da autoría de Bouzas ou o seu taller hai numerosos indicios: dende outros traballos para os xesuítas ata similitudes formais e técnicas con obras propias e do seu mestre Luca Giordano. Porén, a falta de documentación obríganos a propoñer unha mera atribución. Por último, localizamos a principal fonte artística da obra: un gravado de Johann Sadeler I baseado nunha pintura do italoflamengo Peter de Witte que encabeza unha dispersa familia artística da que por primeira vez identificamos ou relacionamos algunhas copias.
The Power of Proximity: Navigating Physical and Psychological Connection in Service-Learning Courses Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shea Lynne-Marie , Grenier Lauren I. , Harkins Debra A.
Published: July 2022

Service-learning is an experiential pedagogy that combines community service opportunities with academic content and critical reflection. When higher education rapidly shifted to online learning because of the COVID-19 pandemic, educators, community partners, and students had to reimagine how to implement the community component of this pedagogy. As a part of a larger study from a pilot service-learning-mentoring program, results from the spring 2020 semester showed that students’ attitudes about civic action, social justice, and diversity decreased throughout the semester. We argue that a decrease in civic attitudes seen in service learners during the spring 2020 semester points to important implications about the impact of shared and sustained distress on student’s capacity to engage in service activities that deviate from their expectations of service as an opportunity to provide in-person help to individuals. We consider the role of psychological proximity in moving students to see themselves as interconnected with the communities they serve and to see the problems that exist in these communities as their own. We suggest that a crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic might provide an opportunity for service learners to build psychological proximity to communities and social problems in the absence of physical proximity.
Reflexivity and Relationality in Global Service Learning
Authors: Macdonald Katie , Vorstermans Jessica , Hartman Eric , Kiely Richard
Published: July 2022

This outro is a generative collective conversation between emerging and established scholars in the field of Global Service Learning, at this moment in pandemic time. We met, on zoom, to think expansively about what these pandemic times of rupture have opened up for us in our scholarship and practice. Our orientation was towards reflexivity and relationality. We developed questions to guide our conversation in these two areas, and each of us responded to the questions and to each other. We think together about our own positionalities and ways that we are called to GSL in ways that are explicitly relational. We end by reflection on our own commitments to the field of GSL and why we stay in it knowing the contradictions, the extractive nature of the field, the deep need for decolonization and fraughtness of the space.
Constitutive rules of precedent
Authors: Núñez Vaquero Álvaro
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this paper is to reject the thesis that a system of precedent is established with a prescriptive norm. This claim is supported by two lines of reasoning. First, it is claimed that systems of precedent necessarily require constitutive norms and not prescriptive norms. Second, any system of precedent comprises at least two, if not three, constitutive rules of precedent. While one confers the power to set a precedent, another conditions the validity of a judicial decision to the fact that it follows the precedent. Finally, there may also be a third rule that confers the power to ensure that precedent is followed and to annul divergent decisions.
Do Clinical Experience and Surgical Technique Affect Outcomes in Initial Laparoscopic Trocar Placement? A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Bawahab Mohammed A. , Maksoud Walid Mohamed Abd El , Abbas Khaled Said , Alzahrani Hassan A. , Dalboh Abdullah , Al-Amri Fahad S. , Billy Helmuth T.
Published: July 2022

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare the intraoperative and postoperative complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy by closed (supraumbilical Veress needle) versus open infraumbilical technique for initial, first port laparoscopic access.

Patients and Methods:

Our study included 560 adult patients, who were randomized into four groups (i.e., expert Veress, expert open, junior Veress, or junior open). Time for placement of the first trocar and time to complete the port-site closure were compared in all study groups. The mean operative time for cholecystectomy was compared after successful placement of the initial trocar until removal of the gallbladder. Intraoperative, early, and late postoperative complications were compared.

Results:

Duration of the initial port placement was significantly shorter among senior compared to junior surgeons. The Veress technique had a significantly shorter duration of port entry, but a longer duration of port-site closure compared to the open technique. Apart from the extraperitoneal insufflation incidents that were significantly more reported by junior surgeons, no significant differences in incidents were reported by senior and junior surgeons between open and closed techniques. Junior surgeons showed a better satisfaction with the open than the closed technique.

Conclusions:

Both the closed and open techniques for laparoscopic cholecystectomy are equally safe and effective for initial port-site entry whether performed by senior or junior surgeons. Junior surgeons are more satisfied with the open technique than the Veress needle technique, due to a perceived concern of injuring intra-abdominal structures. Therefore, junior surgeons would benefit from additional training during their residency to use both the techniques confidently.
Public Knowledge and Awareness toward Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Jazan Region
Authors: Hamali Hassan A. , Muasbil Asma A. , Otaif Taif H. , Qahtani Maha K. , Saboor Muhammad , Dobie Gasim , Madkhali Aymen M. , Akhter Mohammad Suhail , Chandika Rama Mohan , Mobarki Abdullah A.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency anemia is the most common metabolic red cell abnormality worldwide. G6PD deficiency anemia is very common in Saudi Arabia.

Objective:

The aims of the current study were to evaluate and assess knowledge and awareness about G6PD deficiency anemia and to find any association between sociodemographic variables and knowledge about this disease in the Saudi population in Jazan region.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Jazan University.

Results:

A total of 709 individuals completed the questionnaire and were considered in the study. In general, the study population had overall fair knowledge, scoring 50% or above on all domains of the study. In addition, we found a significant association between sociodemographic variables, specifically gender, family income and education level, and knowledge/awareness of G6PD deficiency anemia.

Conclusion:

Our study found fair to good knowledge of G6PD itself, but not of the mode of inheritance among the study population. The study suggests that public health campaigns and screening programs should be conducted and established to screen for these disorders at younger ages, instead of only relying on premarital screening program.
Women's Awareness and Rate of the Use of Contraception in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alruwaili Hamdah Musallam , Badr Hanan A. , Fahim Wafaa A.
Published: July 2022

Background:

The prevention of unplanned pregnancies brings many benefits for women and their families alike, as well as for society in general. However, recent statistics indicate a need for increased knowledge and use of contraception in addition to the introduction of educational family planning services in the countries of the Middle East.

Objectives:

This review sought to explore women's awareness and rates of contraceptive use in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and to determine whether and to what extent women currently receive counseling on modern contraception at health-care facilities in KSA.

Methods:

Three electronic databases – MEDLINE, ProQuest Central, and PubMed – were searched, in addition to the academic search engine Google Scholar. Three reviewers independently assessed the eligibility of studies, abstracted study data, and assessed study quality.

Results:

Thirteen studies were identified for inclusion in this review; overall, these studies were cross-sectional and showed awareness and use of contraception to be at a relatively low level in KSA.

Conclusion:

Although the few studies that were identified for inclusion in this review reported a relatively low level of awareness and rate of use of contraception in KSA, each conclusion was supported by high-quality research with low risk of bias. Overall, this review has shed light on the gaps in studies that have been conducted in KSA on modern contraception.
Georeferencing of Current Dental Service Locations in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shubayr Mosa A. , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc
Published: July 2022

Background:

This study focused on the Jazan region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To date, there has not been any documented evidence about geographical distribution of dental health-care services in the region. The study aimed to assess the geographical accessibility of dental health-care services in Jazan.

Materials and Methods:

Most recent, openly accessible, nonidentifiable data and information were used in this study. The location of health facilities was obtained from the Ministry of Health (MOH) Statistical Yearbook 2020 and interactive map of the MOH, which was converted to longitude and latitude, using Google Maps with 90% of the level building. The study data to be analyzed were imported from the integrated database in Quantum Geographic Information Systems into Microsoft Excel software, where the ratios of health-care facilities to the study population were computed.

Results:

There were 145 primary health cares (PHCs) and 19 hospitals with a dental component in the Jazan region of 17 governorates with a total of 1,726,739 residents. The overall PHC-, hospital-, and dentist-to-population ratios were 1 PHC to 114,365 residents, 1 hospital to 90,881 residents, and 1 dentist to 9136 residents. Only 14.5% of PHCs and 5.6% of the hospitals served 70% of the population who are living within 20 km from the governorate's center.

Conclusion:

This study shows that irregular distribution of health services has led to decreased access to services in the region. Further research is needed focusing in mapping MOH, private and other health facilities, and the burden of oral disease in the region.
A Cross-Sectional Comparative Analysis of Smoking and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: AlQahtani Nabeeh A.
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Tobacco use is a major public health concern globally, and its usage has various harmful effects on both general and oral health. Thus, assessment of the oral health-related quality of life (QOL) is necessary among smokers to improve their oral health. The aim of this study was to assess the oral health-related QOL among smokers and nonsmokers.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional comparative research was conducted. A total of 520 participants, of which 260 were smokers and 260 were nonsmokers, were included in the study. To acquire data related to sociodemographic parameters and smoking status, the World Health Organization QOL-Brief version assessment tool was used, and to review the association between oral health-related QOL, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was used.

Results:

When comparing smokers and nonsmokers' OHIP, the mean rank of every OHIP-14 question was higher in smokers with a significant P = 0.001, except for “satisfaction of life,” where the P value was not significant (P = 0.347). The distribution of total OHIP-14 scores as per sociodemographic variable showed that a higher mean rank of OHIP-14 was found in unmarried, nonearning, and noneducated participants as compared to married, employed, and literate participants. However, the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Oral health-related QOL among smokers is poor as compared to nonsmokers.
The Compliance of Dentists toward Prescribing Prophylaxis Antibiotic for Special Care Patients at Risk of Having Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Maghrabi Loujayne , Algarni Alanood , Abuljadayel Jameel , Aljabri Mohsen , Aljohani Khalid , Abed Hassan
Published: July 2022

Background:

Prescribing antibiotics (Abs) as a prophylactic before dental procedures is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) in patients with cardiac diseases to prevent a potentially life-threatening infection of the cardiac valves or endocardium called “infective endocarditis (IE).”

Aim:

This study aimed to assess the compliance of dentists in Makkah city with the AAPD recommendations of prescribing prophylaxis Abs for special care pediatric patients at risk of having IE.

Materials and Methods:

This was an observational cross-sectional study among dentists who are working at the major hospitals in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. Participants' perception regarding the prescription of prophylactic Abs was measured using validated and reliable questions. The reliability analysis was used with a model of alpha (Cronbach) to study the properties of measurement scales and the items that compose the scales and the average inter-item correlation.

Results:

One hundred and thirty-two dental practitioners were participated. Dental care providers would prescribe Abs with dental extraction (92.4%), periodontal surgery (89.4%), nonsurgical root canal treatment beyond apex (77.3%), supragingival scaling (67.4%), and retraction cord placement (46.2%). On the other hand, dental practitioners would not prescribe Abs for orthodontic appliance (87.9%), intraoral radiograph (87.1%), primary teeth shedding (81.8%), tooth preparation when taking an oral impression (76.5%), local anesthesia infiltration (68.2%), and restoration of Class II caries with matrix and wedge (56.8%). A significantly lower knowledge score was obtained by general dental practitioners when compared with consultant and specialists (P = 0.044). Consultants and specialists recorded significantly lower knowledge on the prescription of prophylaxis Abs for Class II caries with matrix and wedge (P < 0.001) when compared with general dental practitioners.

Conclusions:

Most dentists followed the AAPD recommendations of prophylactic Abs for children who have a high risk of developing IE. However, Class II dental restorations with matrix and wedge and placement of retraction cord have recorded more invalid responses. General dental practitioners had lower knowledge when compared with consultants and specialists when prescribing Abs for children who have a high risk of developing IE.
The Role of Physical Assessment in Primary Health Care in the Early Detection of Pediatric Undescended Testis in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alzahrani Abdullah Mousa , Basalelah Jumanah Hamad , Khamis Abdulmalik , Almahaish Abdulaziz Adel , Aljehani Shahad Homoud , Alhejji Fatmah Mohsen , Almadi Maha Khalid
Published: July 2022

Background:

The early detection of undescended testis is the key to minimizing infertility and malignancy risks associated with this condition. Thorough routine physical examination during scheduled visits for vaccines during the first year of a child's life can lead to early detection and referral to a surgeon for evaluation and surgical intervention in a timely manner. We aimed to investigate the role of physical examinations in primary health care for the discovery of undescended testis.

Methods:

Anonymous structured interviews were conducted in the waiting areas of a hospital and primary health-care center. Parents were asked about their perceptions of undescended testis and their experience during primary health-care visits for routine vaccinations. A descriptive analysis was carried out, and the percentage of boys who underwent genital examinations in a primary health-care setting was determined.

Results:

We interviewed a total of 352 parents, most of whom did not have a child with undescended testis (n = 322, 91%). Only 25 (7%) reported that a formal clinical genital examination was done at every primary health-care visit, whereas 50 (14%) indicated that their boy had been examined only once among their many vaccination visits. However, 160 (46%) parents stated that their primary health-care provider did not examine their boys' genitalia during any of these visits.

Conclusion:

Late detection of undescended testis could result from failure to adhere to the recommended genital clinical examinations of boys during immunization visits for infants among primary health-care providers.
A Churn Prediction System for Telecommunication Company Using Random Forest and Convolution Neural Network Algorithms
Authors: Abdulsalam Sulaiman Olaniyi , Ajao Jumoke Falilat , Balogun Bukola Fatimah , Arowolo Micheal Olaolu
Published: July 2022

INTRODUCTION: Customer churn is a severe problem of migrating from one service provider to another. Due to the direct influence on the company's sales, companies are attempting to promote strategies to identify the churn of prospective consumers. Hence it is necessary to examine issues that influence customer churn to yield effective solutions to minimize churn.
OBJECTIVES: The major purpose of this work is to create a model of churn prediction that assists telecom operatives to envisage clients that are more probably to be prone to churn.
METHODS: The experimental strategy for this study leverages the machine learning techniques on the telecom churn dataset, employing an improved Relief-F feature selection algorithm to extract related features from the enormous dataset.
RESULTS: The result demonstrates that CNN has a high prediction capability of 94 percent compared to the 91 percent Random Forest classifier.
CONCLUSION: The results are of enormous relevance to the telecommunication business in improving churners and loyal clients.
Diagnosis of abnormal body temperature based on deep neural network
Authors: Peng Jinxiang , Zhang Li
Published: July 2022

INTRODUCTION: A method for diagnosing abnormal body temperature based on deep neural network is proposed. OBJECTIVES: To improve the diagnostic accuracy, reduce the false alarm rate, and improve the diagnostic level of abnormal body temperature. METHODS: According to the weight of the temperature sensor node itself and its neighbor nodes, the network trust relationship is established, and the node trust value is output through the combination of decision-making. Use trust value and double threshold to identify and remove malicious nodes, and optimize the network structure. The optimized temperature sensor network is used to collect human body temperature data. RESULTS: A deep neural network is used to construct a diagnosis model of abnormal body temperature, so as to realize the diagnosis of abnormal body temperature. CONCLUSION: The experimental results show that the method in this paper has high diagnostic accuracy, low false positive rate and high diagnostic efficiency, and can improve the diagnostic level of abnormal body temperature.