bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Single Layer MoS2 Stable in the Air?
Authors: Martincová Jana , Otyepka Michal , Lazar Petr
Published: August 2017

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is extensively studied because of its potential applications in catalysis, electronic and optoelectronic devices, and composite nanostructures. However, a recent experimental study indicated that, contrary to current beliefs, MoS2 monolayers lack long‐term stability in air. Here, a study is presented on the oxidation of MoS2 monolayers based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results suggest that single‐layer MoS2 samples with exposed edge sites are indeed unstable to oxidation, which occurs because of the low energetic barrier to dissociation of oxygen molecules at the Mo‐edges of MoS2. After an oxygen molecule dissociates, oxygen atoms replace sulfur atoms, and further oxidation causes the formation of a one‐dimensional chain‐like structure resembling that of bulk MoO3. This MoO3 structure facilitates the spread of oxidation onto the surface, and the stress associated with the misfit between the MoS2 and MoO3 lattices may cause the experimentally observed cracking of MoS2 flakes.
CuAAC in a Distal Pocket: Metal Active‐Template Synthesis of Strapped‐Porphyrin [2]Rotaxanes
Authors: Miyazaki Yuta , Kahlfuss Christophe , Ogawa Ayumu , Matsumoto Takashi , Wytko Jennifer A. , Oohora Koji , Hayashi Takashi , Weiss Jean
Published: August 2017

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Takashi Hayashi from Osaka University and Jean Weiss from the CNRS at the Université de Strasbourg. The image depicts this collaboration for the synthesis of rotaxane by a tandem active metal template with strapped porphyrin. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201702553.
Organization of alpha‐transducin immunoreactive system in the brain and retina of larval and young adult Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), and their relationship with other neural systems
Authors: Barreiro‐Iglesias Antón , Fernández‐López Blanca , Sobrido‐Cameán Daniel , Anadón Ramón
Published: August 2017

We employed an anti‐transducin antibody (Gαt‐S), in combination with other markers, to characterize the Gαt‐S‐immunoreactive (ir) system in the CNS of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. Gαt‐S immunoreactivity was observed in some neuronal populations and numerous fibers distributed throughout the brain. Double Gαt‐S‐ and opsin‐ir neurons (putative photoreceptors) are distributed in the hypothalamus (postoptic commissure nucleus, dorsal and ventral hypothalamus) and caudal diencephalon, confirming results of García‐Fernández et al. (Cell and Tissue Research, 288, 267–278, 1997). Singly Gαt‐S‐ir cells were observed in the midbrain and hindbrain, increasing the known populations. Our results reveal for the first time in vertebrates the extensive innervation of many brain regions and the spinal cord by Gαt‐S‐ir fibers. The Gαt‐S innervation of the habenula is very selective, fibers densely innervating the lamprey homologue of the mammalian medial nucleus (Stephenson‐Jones et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, E164–E173, 2012), but not the lateral nucleus homologue. The lamprey neurohypophysis was not innervated by Gαt‐S‐ir fibers. We also analyzed by double immunofluorescence the relation of this system with other systems. A dopaminergic marker (TH), serotonin (5‐HT) or GABA do not co‐localize with Gαt‐S‐ir neurons although codistribution of fibers was observed. Codistribution of Gαt‐S‐ir fibers and isolectin‐labeled extrabulbar primary olfactory fibers was observed in the striatum and hypothalamus. Neurobiotin retrograde transport from the spinal cord combined with immunofluorescence revealed spinal‐projecting Gαt‐S‐ir reticular neurons in the caudal hindbrain. Present results in an ancient vertebrate reveal for the first time a collection of brain targets of Gαt‐S‐ir neurons, suggesting they might mediate non‐visual modulation by light in many systems.
The Electric Field Standing Wave Effect in Infrared Transmission Spectroscopy
Authors: Mayerhöfer Thomas G. , Mutschke Harald , Popp Jürgen
Published: August 2017

When band ratios in infrared absorbance spectra of films are compared (which had been converted from transmittance spectra), it can be noted that even after background correction and removal of interference fringes these band ratios change with the thickness of the films. The main goal of this work is to show that this effect is a consequence of an electric field standing wave based on the coherent superposition of light waves in the film. We further investigate how transmittance and reflectance, as well as absorbance and the (from absorbance) regained index of absorption, depend on the thickness of the film and how these parameters influence the positions of bands. We compare the results with those for the incoherent case and the case where a single pass of light through the film without reflection loss is assumed.
Optimizing Dual Fluorescent Analysis to Investigate the Toxicity of AgNPs in E. coli
Authors: Hong Wei , Chen Shaopeng
Published: August 2017

The ever‐increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) carries potential ecotoxicological risks. For full risk assessment, E. coli cells harboring a plasmid with a constitutively expressed GFP gene under control of lac promoter (lac::GFP) are extensively utilized. Flow cytometry is an advanced technology usually applied to toxicological research for rapid, efficient, multi‐parameter analysis of single cells. However, it is difficult to accurately and sensitively detect the toxicity of nanoparticles with flow cytometry due to the interference of aggregated nanoparticles. In this protocol, dual‐fluorescence detection with a propidium iodide (PI)–lac::GFP assay is used to determine the toxicity of AgNPs and successfully discriminate the dead or fragilized bacteria from living bacteria and aggregated nanoparticles. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Novel Borneol‐Based Polyester
Authors: Roth Steffen , Funk Irina , Hofer Michael , Sieber Volker
Published: August 2017

Terpenes are a class of natural compounds that have recently moved into the focus as a bio‐based resource for chemical production, owing to their abundance, their mostly cyclic structures, and the presence of olefin or single hydroxy groups. To apply this raw material in new industrial fields, a second hydroxy group is inserted into borneol by cytochrome P450cam (CYP101) enzymes in a whole‐cell catalytic biotransformation with Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Next, a semi‐continuous batch system was developed to produce 5‐exo‐hydroxyborneol with a final concentration of 0.54 g L−1. The bifunctional terpene was then used for the synthesis of a bio‐based polyester by a solvent‐free polycondensation reaction. The resulting polymer showed a glass transition temperature of around 70 °C and a molecular weight in the range of 2000–4000 g mol−1 (Mw). These results show that whole‐cell catalytic biotransformation of terpenes could lead to bio‐based, higher‐functionalized monomers, which might be basic raw materials for different fields of application, such as biopolymers.
Graphene‐Supported Pyrene‐Modified Cobalt Corrole with Axial Triphenylphosphine for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution in pH 0–14 Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Li Xialiang , Lei Haitao , Guo Xiaojun , Zhao Xueli , Ding Shuping , Gao Xueqing , Zhang Wei , Cao Rui
Published: August 2017

A cobalt complex of 5,15‐bis(pentafluorophenyl)‐10‐(4)‐(1‐pyrenyl)phenyl corrole that contains a triphenylphosphine axial ligand (1‐PPh3) was synthesized and examined as an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). If supported on graphene (G), the resulting 1‐PPh3/G material can catalyze the HER in aqueous solutions over a wide pH range of 0–14 with a high efficiency and durability. The significantly enhanced activity of 1‐PPh3/G, compared with that of its analogues 1‐py/G (the Co‐bound axial ligand is pyridine instead of triphenylphosphine) and 2‐py/G (Co complex of 5,10,15‐tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole), highlights the effects of the pyrenyl substituent and the triphenylphosphine axial ligand on the HER activity. On one hand, the pyrenyl moiety can increase the π–π interactions between 1 and graphene and thus lead to a fast electron transfer from the electrode to 1. On the other hand, the triphenylphosphine axial ligand can increase the electron density (basicity) of Co and thus make the metal center more reactive to protons at the trans position through a so‐called “push effect”. This study concerns a significant example that shows the trans effect of the axial ligand on the HER, which has been investigated rarely. The combination of various ligand‐design strategies in one molecule has been realized in 1‐PPh3 to achieve a high catalytic HER performance. These factors are valuable to be used in other molecular catalyst systems.
Regulation of gene expression is associated with tolerance of the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis to CO2‐acidified sea water
Authors: Bailey Allison , De Wit Pierre , Thor Peter , Browman Howard I. , Bjelland Reidun , Shema Steven , Fields David M. , Runge Jeffrey A. , Thompson Cameron , Hop Haakon
Published: August 2017

Ocean acidification is the increase in seawater pCO2 due to the uptake of atmospheric anthropogenic CO2, with the largest changes predicted to occur in the Arctic seas. For some marine organisms, this change in pCO2, and associated decrease in pH, represents a climate change‐related stressor. In this study, we investigated the gene expression patterns of nauplii of the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis cultured at low pH levels. We have previously shown that organismal‐level performance (development, growth, respiration) of C. glacialis nauplii is unaffected by low pH. Here, we investigated the molecular‐level response to lowered pH in order to elucidate the physiological processes involved in this tolerance. Nauplii from wild‐caught C. glacialis were cultured at four pH levels (8.05, 7.9, 7.7, 7.5). At stage N6, mRNA was extracted and sequenced using RNA‐seq. The physiological functionality of the proteins identified was categorized using Gene Ontology and KEGG pathways. We found that the expression of 151 contigs varied significantly with pH on a continuous scale (93% downregulated with decreasing pH). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that, of the processes downregulated, many were components of the universal cellular stress response, including DNA repair, redox regulation, protein folding, and proteolysis. Sodium:proton antiporters were among the processes significantly upregulated, indicating that these ion pumps were involved in maintaining cellular pH homeostasis. C. glacialis significantly alters its gene expression at low pH, although they maintain normal larval development. Understanding what confers tolerance to some species will support our ability to predict the effects of future ocean acidification on marine organisms.
Using streamflow observations to estimate the impact of hydrological regimes and anthropogenic water use on European stream macroinvertebrate occurrences
Authors: Domisch Sami , Portmann Felix T. , Kuemmerlen Mathias , O'Hara Robert B. , Johnson Richard K. , Davy‐Bowker John , Bækken Torleif , Zamora‐Muñoz Carmen , Sáinz‐Bariáin Marta , Bonada Núria , Haase Peter , Döll Petra , Jähnig Sonja C.
Published: August 2017

Understanding the drivers of stream macroinvertebrate distribution patterns—the most diverse animal group in freshwater ecosystems—is a major goal in freshwater biogeography. Climate and topography have been shown to explain species' distributions at continental scales, but the contribution of natural and anthropogenically altered streamflow is often omitted in large‐scale analyses due to the lack of appropriate data. We test how macroinvertebrate occurrences can be linked to streamflow observations and evaluate the relative importance of streamflow regimes and water use for macroinvertebrate occurrences from 19 orders across Europe. We first paired species sampling locations with hydrological gauging stations considering 5 combinations of the geographic distance and difference in flow accumulation (upstream contributing area). We then used Generalized Linear Models to assess the influence of the streamflow regime, simulated water use, and climate and topography on the occurrence of macroinvertebrates. The pairing method that assigned species records to the closest gauging station in terms of both distance and flow accumulation performed best. Most of the species studied occurred preferentially in river habitats with low mean annual streamflow and streamflow variability, high winter streamflow, and low levels of water withdrawals for irrigation or manufacturing. We conclude that flow accumulation is a useful proxy to evaluate the proximity of species records to gauging stations, omitting species records that do not belong to a given stream reach. The strong contribution of streamflow and water use indicators on macroinvertebrate occurrences underline their importance for yielding robust occurrence estimates.
The effect of lizards on spiders and wasps: variation with island size and marine subsidy
Authors: Piovia‐Scott Jonah , Yang Louie H. , Wright Amber N. , Spiller David A. , Schoener Thomas W.
Published: August 2017

Introduced predators can have dramatic effects on island ecosystems, the magnitude of which are likely to vary with island characteristics. We investigated the influence of two important properties of islands—size and amount of resource subsidy—on the effects of an introduced predatory lizard (Anolis sagrei) on three groups of arthropod prey. Lizards were experimentally introduced to 16 islands that spanned gradients in vegetated area and seaweed deposition (a marine resource subsidy); 16 similar islands served as lizard‐free controls. The abundance of web spiders, salticid spiders, and wasps was estimated prior to lizard introduction and again four months after lizard introduction. Lizard introduction reduced the average abundance of all three groups of arthropods. The effect of lizards on salticid spiders—which was very large (94% reduction in salticid abundance)—decreased with island size. In contrast, the effect of lizards on wasps—which was also very large (88% reduction in wasp abundance)—tended to increase with island size, but with only marginal significance. There was no evidence for variation in the effect of lizards on web spiders with island size. This variation between prey taxa may be related to the relative importance of environmental stress (such as wind and wave exposure, which tend to be more pronounced on smaller islands) in determining abundance. Salticids seem to tolerate the stressful environmental conditions that characterize smaller islands, allowing for larger lizard effects; wasps seem to be limited by these conditions (either directly or indirectly via reduced prey availability), minimizing lizard effects on smaller islands. There was a marginally significant tendency for the effect of lizards on salticid spiders to be weaker on islands with more seaweed deposition, suggesting that subsidies may play a role in reducing predator effects on islands. Our results highlight the importance of ecological context in determining the top‐down effects of introduced predators and underscore the need to extend existing theories relating island area and community characteristics toward an explicit consideration of species interactions.
Herpes simplex virus 1 interferes with autophagy of murine dendritic cells and impairs their ability to stimulate CD8+ T lymphocytes
Authors: Budida Ramachandramouli , Stankov Metodi V. , Döhner Katinka , Buch Anna , Panayotova‐Dimitrova Diana , Tappe Kim A. , Pohlmann Anja , Sodeik Beate , Behrens Georg M. N.
Published: August 2017

The MHC class I presentation is responsible for the presentation of viral proteins to CD8+ T lymphocytes and mainly depends on the classical antigen processing pathway. Recently, a second pathway involving autophagy has been implicated in this process. Here, we show an increase in the capacity of murine dendritic cells (DCs) to present viral antigens on MHC class I after infection with a mutant herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV‐1‐Δ34.5), lacking infected cell protein 34.5 (ICP34.5), when compared to its parental HSV‐1 strain. The ICP34.5 protein counteracts host cell translational arrest and suppresses macroautophagy, and the lack of this protein resulted in a low viral protein abundance, which was processed and presented in an efficient way. Our study demonstrates an important role of autophagy in processing endogenous viral proteins in HSV‐1‐infected DCs.
An Azacrown[N,S,O]–Styryl Modified Boron–Phenylpyrrin: Coordination‐Mode‐Transition‐Induced Colorimetric and OFF–ON–OFF Fluorescence Chemosensor for Quantifying Cu2+
Authors: Chen Yuting , Pan Houhe , Wang Kang , Qi Dongdong , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: August 2017

A new p‐azacrown[N,S,O]–styryl modified boron–phenylpyrrin compound, synchronously possessing a diethylamino receptor (C‐BPP‐A), has been designed and synthesized. Systematic optical studies show that C‐BPP‐A displays a distinct two‐step fluorescence response to an increasing quantity of Cu2+, commensurate with the sequential transition from free ligand (L) to 1:1 (ML) and 2:1 (M2L) complexes: added Cu2+ ions (0–1 equiv.) are first coordinated with the p‐azacrown[N,S,O] moiety of C‐BPP‐A, forming the 1:1 Cu2+–C‐BPP‐A complex and leading to significant enhancement of the fluorescence at 621 nm. Subsequently, the N atom of the diethylamino group from the Cu2+–C‐BPP‐A complex coordinates with the additional Cu2+ (1–2 equiv.), forming an M2L type of complex, which induces the fluorescence quenching of the 1:1 Cu2+–C‐BPP‐A complex at 621 nm. Meanwhile, successively increasing the added Cu2+, from 0 to 1 equiv. and from 1 to 2 equiv., also induces a gradual/fast increase, respectively, in the two‐absorption‐band ratio I530/I603, accompanied by an obvious change in the solution color from blue to violet to purple. These results show C‐BPP‐A to be the first highly sensitive colorimetric, OFF–ON–OFF fluorescence, and absorption‐ratiometric sensor for quantitative Cu2+ detection.
Triethylsiloxymethyl‐N,N‐dimethylamine, Et3SiOCH2NMe2: A Dimethylaminomethylation (Mannich) Reagent for O–H, S–H, P–H and Aromatic C–H Systems
Authors: Gonzalez Paulina E. , Sharma Hemant K. , Chakrabarty Sanchita , Metta‐Magaña Alejandro , Pannell Keith H.
Published: August 2017

Triethylsiloxymethylamine, Et3SiOCH2NMe2, readily synthesized in high yield by the hydrosilylation reaction between Et3SiH and DMF, is an excellent (N,N‐dimethylamino)methyl transfer agent to a representative range of aliphatic alcohols, thiols, and Ph2PH (E–H) materials. The reactions are almost instantaneous at room temperature in inert solvents and require no activating agents to produce E–CH2NMe2 products in high yields and illustrate the title compound as an excellent addition to the family of organic reagents. For aromatic alcohols, electrophilic substitution of the aromatic ring occurs in high yield. Crystal structures of new materials such as the cholestero–CH2NMe2 derivative, 2–4‐[bis(N,N‐dimethylamino)methyl]‐1‐naphthol, and the phosphine oxide derived from Ph2PCH2NMe2 are reported.
Short certificate‐based proxy signature scheme from pairings
Authors: Verma Girraj Kumar , Singh B. B.
Published: August 2017

Recently, the delegation of signing capacity has become a common practice to develop applications like distributed computing, grid computing, mobile agents, mobile communication, etc. The method of proxy signing, introduced by Mambo et al, is the tool of such delegation. In 2003, Gentry introduced the paradigm of certificate‐based encryption to remove the key escrow problem in identity‐based public key cryptography (PKC) and to combine the merits of PKC and identity‐based PKC. This article presents an efficient and short provably secure certificate‐based proxy signature scheme from pairing over elliptic curves. The aim is to devise a method of delegation with less space and low‐bandwidth requirement. Through efficiency comparison with existing efficient proxy signature schemes, we show that our scheme is the most appealing for low‐bandwidth communication channels applied for wireless communication, online transactions, e‐bookings, mobile agents, etc.
FarmaREL: An Italian pharmacovigilance project to monitor and evaluate adverse drug reactions in haematologic patients
Authors: Fracchiolla Nicola S. , Artuso Silvia , Cortelezzi Agostino , Pelizzari Anna M. , Tozzi Paola , Bonfichi Maurizio , Bocchio Federica , Gargantini Livio , De Rosa Elisa , Vighi Giuseppe D. , Prestini Lucia , Sammassimo Simona , Frungillo Niccolò , Pasquini Maria C. , Ragazzi Alessandra , Boghi Daniele , Pastore Alessia , Lanzi Eraldo , Gritti Giuseppe , Quaresmini Giulia , Voltolini Simone , Gaiardoni Roberta , Corti Consuelo , Vilardo Maria C. , La Targia Maria L. , Berini Giacomo , Magagnoli Massimo , Bacci Claudia , Consonni Dario , Rivolta Alma L. , Muti Giuliana
Published: August 2017

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reduce patients' quality of life, increase mortality and morbidity, and have a negative economic impact on healthcare systems. Nevertheless, the importance of ADR reporting is often underestimated. The project “FarmaREL” has been developed to monitor and evaluate ADRs in haematological patients and to increase pharmacovigilance culture among haematology specialists. In 13 haematology units, based in Lombardy, Italy, a dedicated specialist with the task of encouraging ADRs reporting and sensitizing healthcare professionals to pharmacovigilance has been assigned. The ADRs occurring in haematological patients were collected electronically and then analysed with multiple logistic regression. Between January 2009 and December 2011, 887 reports were collected. The number of ADRs was higher in older adults (528; 59%), in male (490; 55%), and in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma patients (343; 39%). Most reactions were severe (45% required or prolonged hospitalization), but in most cases, they were fully resolved at the time of reporting. According to Schumock and Thornton criteria, a percentage of ADRs as high as 7% was found to be preventable versus 2% according to reporter opinion. Patients' haematological diagnosis, not age or gender, resulted to be the variable that most influenced ADR, in particular severity and outcome. The employment of personnel specifically dedicated to pharmacovigilance is a successful strategy to improve the number and quality of ADR reports. “FarmaREL”, the first programme of active pharmacovigilance in oncohaematologic patients, significantly contributed to reach the WHO “Gold Standard” for pharmacovigilance in Lombardy, Italy.
Effect of follicular diameter at the time of ovulation triggering on pregnancy outcomes during intrauterine insemination
Authors: Maher Mohammad A. , Abdelaziz Ahmed , Shehata Yasser A.
Published: August 2017

Objective

To compare pregnancy outcomes when triggering ovulation at different follicle sizes during intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles.

Methods

A prospective observational study was undertaken at two collaborative fertility centers in Saudi Arabia between January 2014 and May 2016. Women of any age were enrolled if they met inclusion criteria: primary, secondary, or unexplained infertility (≥1 year); day‐2 follicle‐stimulating hormone less than 12 IU/mL; normal prolactin, thyroid function, and uterine cavity; at least one patent tube; and a male partner with normal semen count and motility. IUI cycles were subdivided by size of dominant follicle (17 to <18 mm, 18 to <19 mm, 19 to <20 mm, and ≥20 mm), and pregnancy outcomes compared.

Results

Data from 516 IUI cycles were analyzed. Frequencies of clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, and live birth for a follicle size of 19–20 mm were 30.2% (39/129), 24.0% (31/129), and 24.0% (31/129), respectively; these rates were significantly higher than those in other groups (all P<0.05). Only endometrial thickness was found to also contribute to outcome: probability of pregnancy increased as thickness rose (odds ratio 1.148, 95% confidence interval 1.065–1.237; P<0.001).

Conclusion

The optimal follicular diameter associated with increased pregnancy rates in gonadotropin‐stimulated IUI cycles was between 19 and 20 mm.
Dual‐wavelength reflectance spectroscopy of the superior vena cava: A method for placing central venous catheters at the cavoatrial junction
Authors: Stringer Bradley J. , Shumway Spencer B. , Holbrook Matthew D. , Copeland Cameron G. , Gosch Alexander A. , Kück Kai
Published: August 2017

There are a limited number of methods to guide and confirm the placement of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) at the cavoatrial junction. The aim of this study was to design, test and validate a dual‐wavelength, diode laser‐based, single optical fiber instrument that would accurately confirm PICC tip location at the cavoatrial junction of an animal heart, in vivo. This was accomplished by inserting the optical fiber into a PICC and ratiometrically comparing simultaneous visible and near‐infrared reflection intensities of venous and atrial tissues found near the cavoatrial junction. The system was successful in placing the PICC line tip within 5 mm of the cavoatrial junction.
Curcumin primed exosomes reverses LPS‐induced pro‐inflammatory gene expression in buffalo granulosa cells
Authors: Vashisht Monika , Rani Payal , Sunita  , Onteru Suneel Kumar , Singh Dheer
Published: August 2017

Curcumin possesses anti‐inflammatory properties and provides a promising treatment for inflammation. The aim of the study is to establish that buffalo granulosa cells when primed with curcumin (20 μM), release improved cellular contents through exosome that can mitigate granulosa cell dysfunction. Recently, we have shown that buffalo granulosa cells exposed to LPS (1 μg/mL) in serum free culture, transiently increased the pro‐inflammatory cytokine genes (IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐6) expression followed by the inhibition of CYP19A1 gene expression and estradiol production. Therefore, LPS‐treated granulosa cells were used as a model of inflammation and curcumin primed exosomes were utilized to check their potential for reducing granulosa cell dysfunction. Expression level of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and CYP19A1 were detected by real time PCR while estradiol levels were measured by ELISA. Exosomes derived from curcumin‐treated cells alleviated LPS mediated inflammation. In conclusion, our study potentiates the use of curcumin primed exosomes in mitigating granulosa cell dysfunction. Results show the therapeutic conservatories of curcumin via primed exosomes.
VEGFB‐VEGFR1 ameliorates Ang II‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through Ca2+‐mediated PKG I pathway
Authors: Shen Zhijie , Zhang Zhihui , Wang Xiaoyan , Yang Kan
Published: August 2017

In response to assorted stimuli, the heart will develop into cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, but sustained cardiomyocyte hypertrophy will finally lead to heart failure. This research is aimed to examine the effect of VEGFB on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by using the cardiomyocyte‐derived cell line H9C2 of cultured rates. It turns out that VEGFB can positively prevent the Ang II‐induced rising in the size of cardiomyocyte as well as reduce Ang II‐induced mRNA and protein levels of β‐MHC (β‐myosin heavy chain), BNP (brain natriuretic peptide), and ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). Moreover, VEGFB can regulate the decline of the Ang II‐induced rising in Ca2+. After VEGFR1 knockdown, these effects of VEGFB were partially reversed. Moreover, VEGFB attenuated the suppression of PKG I, p‐VASP, and RGS2 caused by Ang II; whereas VEGFR1 knockdown partially abolished the indicated effect of VEGFB. In a word, the effect of VEGFB on relevant downstream targets and the pathways of PKG I by VEGFR1 may explain its efficacy on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Thus, it can be suggested that it is feasible to apply VEGFB‐VEGFR1 for reducing the symptoms of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
The ubiquitin ligase TRIM56 inhibits ovarian cancer progression by targeting vimentin
Authors: Zhao Lei , Zhang Ping , Su Xiao‐jie , Zhang Bing
Published: August 2017

Tumor metastasis is responsible for 90% of all cancer‐related deaths. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important prerequisite for tumor metastasis. One of the important mediators of EMT and cancer progression in ovarian cancer is the vimentin protein. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the molecular mechanism that regulates vimentin expression in ovarian cancer cells. Vimentin was robustly induced in the ovarian cancer cell line SKOV‐3 compared to normal ovarian epithelial cell line Moody and the induction was not due to transcriptional upregulation. Treatment with the proteasomal inhibitor MG‐132 revealed that vimentin is actively degraded by the proteasome in Moody cells and stabilized in the SKOV‐3 cell line. Mass spectrometric analysis of vimentin immunoprecipitate of MG‐132 treated Moody cells revealed candidate ubiquitin ligases associated with vimentin. RNAi mediated silencing of the candidate ubiquitin in Moody cells and concurrent overexpression of the candidate ubiquitin ligases in SKOV‐3 confirmed that TRIM56 is the ubiquitin ligase that is degrading vimentin in Moody cells. RNAi mediated silencing of TRIM56 in Moody cells and ectopic overexpression of TRIM56 in SKOV‐3 cells, respectively, significantly up‐ and down‐regulated in vitro migration and invasion in these cells. Analysis of TRIM56 transcript level and vimentin protein expression in 25 patients with ovarian carcinoma confirmed an inverse correlation between TRIM56 and vimentin expression. Cumulatively, our data reveals for the first time a novel post‐translational regulatory mechanism of regulating vimentin expression, EMT, and metastatic progression in ovarian cancer cells.
Biostimulants from food processing by‐products: agronomic, quality and metabolic impacts on organic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Abou Chehade Lara , Al Chami Ziad , De Pascali Sandra Angelica , Cavoski Ivana , Fanizzi Francesco Paolo
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND

Biostimulants have recently gained increased attention due to their multiple benefits for sustainable agriculture. In this study, three food processing by‐products – fennel processing residues (FPR), lemon processing residues (LPR) and brewer's spent grain (BSG) – were investigated as potential sources of biostimulants. Their aqueous extracts as individual and associated applications were assessed for their effects on agronomic, quality and metabolic performance of organic tomato in comparison to extract of humic substances (HS) and untreated control (CTRL).

RESULTS

Only FPR extracts stimulated shoot growth and tomato dry matter content, whereas all candidates improved tomato yield. FPR and BSG increased fruit mineral content and BSG‐FPR‐LPR in combination enhanced titratable acidity. FPR‐treated fruits had also 20% more vitamin C than CTRL, and higher phenol content was obtained in those of BSG‐LPR. Fruit metabolomic profile showed the tendency of all extracts, except BSG‐LPR, to increase tomato citric acid and to decrease β‐glucose and methanol concentrations. The analysis revealed accordingly the indispensable role of FPR in combined applications for inducing an HS‐like response in fruits.

CONCLUSION

The results were indicative of the biostimulant activity of these extracts and demonstrated them, particularly FPR, as promising candidates for enhancing plant productivity and fruit quality. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Increased risk of cholesteatoma among patients with allergic rhinitis: A nationwide investigation
Authors: Kuo Chin‐Lung , Shiao An‐Suey , Wen Hsyien‐Chia , Chang Wei‐Pin
Published: August 2017

Objectives

No large population‐based studies have reported on the risk of cholesteatoma developing after allergic rhinitis (AR). This study used a nationwide population‐based claims database to investigate the hypothesis that AR may increase the risk of cholesteatoma.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Data from Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database were analyzed to compile the following: 1) 15,953 patients newly diagnosed with AR between 1997 and 2000, and 2) a comparison cohort of 63,812 matched non‐AR enrollees (with a ratio of 1 to 4). Each patient was followed for 10 years to identify cases in which cholesteatoma subsequently developed. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to determine the cholesteatoma‐free survival rate, and the log‐rank test was used to compare survival curves. Cox proportional hazard regressions were performed to compute adjusted hazard ratios (HRs).

Results

Among the 79,765 patients enrolled in this study, 45 (159,364 person‐years) from the AR cohort and 88 (638,130 person‐years) from the comparison cohort were diagnosed with cholesteatoma during the follow‐up period (incidence rates 0.28 and 0.14 of 1,000 person‐years, respectively). Patients with AR were more likely to develop cholesteatoma compared to those without AR (adjusted HR 1.57, 95% confidence interval = 1.05–2.34, P < 0.05). Patients with AR presented a significantly lower 10‐year cholesteatoma‐free survival rate than did those in the comparison group (log‐rank, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

This is the first study to demonstrate a link between AR and the development of cholesteatoma. We suggest that clinicians keep this association in mind and carefully investigate the possibility of development of cholesteatoma among patients with AR.

Level of Evidence

3b. Laryngoscope, 128:547–553, 2018
Primary parotid lymphoma presenting as a recurrent cystic mass: A case report
Authors: Rosenblatt Steven D. , Wolter Nikolaus E. , Siegele Bradford , Brodsky Jacob R.
Published: August 2017

A 15‐year‐old boy was diagnosed with a cystic parotid mass, which was initially thought to be a first branchial cleft cyst. The mass was treated with antibiotics and fully resolved on examination and imaging. The mass returned, and a superficial parotidectomy was performed to remove the suspected branchial cleft cyst. Final pathology demonstrated a B‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Bilateral bone marrow biopsies and peripheral blood counts were negative for any malignancy. This case demonstrates a rare presentation of primary parotid B‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma that began as a fluctuating cystic parotid mass consistent in appearance with a first branchial cleft cyst. Laryngoscope, 128:998–1001, 2018
Sleep apnea and risk of vertigo: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Tsai Ming‐Shao , Lee Li‐Ang , Tsai Yao‐Te , Yang Yao‐Hsu , Liu Chia‐Yen , Lin Meng‐Hung , Hsu Cheng‐Ming , Chen Chin‐Kuo , Li Hsueh‐Yu
Published: August 2017

Objective

To investigate the risk of vertigo in patients with sleep apnea.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

This study used data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, a population‐based database. A total of 5,025 patients who were newly diagnosed with sleep apnea between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2012, were identified from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000, a nationally representative database of 1 million randomly selected patients. Moreover, 20,100 patients without sleep apnea were matched at a 1:4 ratio by age, sex, socioeconomic status, and urbanization level. Patients were followed up until death or the end of the study period (December 31, 2013). The primary outcome was the occurrence of vertigo.

Results

Patients with sleep apnea had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of vertigo than those without sleep apnea (P < 0.001). The adjusted Cox proportional hazard model showed that sleep apnea was significantly associated with a higher incidence of vertigo (hazard ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48–1.97; P < 0.001). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to adjust for confounders, including head trauma, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stroke, and obesity. Sleep apnea was demonstrated to be an independent risk factor for vertigo.

Conclusion

This is the first nationwide population‐based cohort study to investigate the association between sleep apnea and vertigo. The findings strongly support that sleep apnea is an independent risk factor for vertigo. Based on the study results, physicians should be aware of potential vertigo occurrence following sleep apnea.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 128:763–768, 2017
Quality of life outcomes of transoral robotic surgery with or without adjuvant therapy for oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Sethia Rishabh , Yumusakhuylu Ali C. , Ozbay Isa , Diavolitsis Virginia , Brown Nicole V. , Zhao Songzhu , Wei Lai , Old Matthew , Agrawal Amit , Teknos Theodoros N. , Ozer Enver
Published: August 2017

Objectives/Hypothesis

To compare quality of life (QOL) of patients who underwent transoral robotic surgery (TORS) alone, with adjuvant radiation therapy (RT), or adjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) in the treatment of oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCCA).

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Methods

Medical records were reviewed for 111 patients treated for OPSCCA from 2008 to 2015. Patients were administered the Head and Neck Cancer Inventory (HNCI) to evaluate QOL preoperatively, and at 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postsurgery. QOL data were compared between 13 patients treated with TORS alone, 31 with adjuvant RT, and 67 with adjuvant CRT by a linear mixed effects model.

Results

Mean follow‐up was 35 months. The HNCI response rates at 3 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months were 80%, 60%, 55%, and 46%, respectively. TORS alone reported significantly higher eating scores than adjuvant RT or CRT at 3 and 6 months, and higher speech scores compared to adjuvant CRT at 3 months and adjuvant RT at 6 months. TORS alone and adjuvant RT reported less social disruption compared to adjuvant CRT at 3 months. Adjuvant CRT had consistently lower overall QOL scores until 6 months. No TORS‐alone patient required percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, and no study patient required tracheostomy during treatment.

Conclusions

TORS alone maintained higher QOL than adjuvant RT or CRT in eating, social function, speech, and overall QOL postsurgery. QOL and functional metrics were better for 6 months in TORS‐alone patients, and at 12 months, the differences were not significant.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 128:403–411, 2018
Repairing the vibratory vocal fold
Authors: Long Jennifer L.
Published: August 2017

Objective

A vibratory vocal fold replacement would introduce a new treatment paradigm for structural vocal fold diseases such as scarring and lamina propria loss. This work implants a tissue‐engineered replacement for vocal fold lamina propria and epithelium in rabbits and compares histology and function to injured controls and orthotopic transplants. Hypotheses were that the cell‐based implant would engraft and control the wound response, reducing fibrosis and restoring vibration.

Study Design

Translational research.

Methods

Rabbit adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC) were embedded within a three‐dimensional fibrin gel, forming the cell‐based outer vocal fold replacement (COVR). Sixteen rabbits underwent unilateral resection of vocal fold epithelium and lamina propria, as well as reconstruction with one of three treatments: fibrin glue alone with healing by secondary intention, replantation of autologous resected vocal fold cover, or COVR implantation. After 4 weeks, larynges were examined histologically and with phonation.

Results

Fifteen rabbits survived. All tissues incorporated well after implantation. After 1 month, both graft types improved histology and vibration relative to injured controls. Extracellular matrix (ECM) of the replanted mucosa was disrupted, and ECM of the COVR implants remained immature. Immune reaction was evident when male cells were implanted into female rabbits. Best histologic and short‐term vibratory outcomes were achieved with COVR implants containing male cells implanted into male rabbits.

Conclusion

Vocal fold cover replacement with a stem cell‐based tissue‐engineered construct is feasible and beneficial in acute rabbit implantation. Wound‐modifying behavior of the COVR implant is judged to be an important factor in preventing fibrosis.

Level of Evidence

NA. Laryngoscope, 128:153–159, 2018
Modified surgical approach to hypoglossal nerve stimulator implantation in the pediatric population
Authors: Bowe Sarah N. , Diercks Gillian R. , Hartnick Christopher J.
Published: August 2017

Upper airway stimulation with the hypoglossal nerve stimulator is a promising treatment modality for severe obstructive sleep apnea in carefully selected patients with Down syndrome. The pediatric population presents a greater variety in body habitus, including thorax size. A modified surgical approach, utilizing a medially placed, single chest incision, instead of two separate chest incisions, provides an alternative that is particularly useful for pediatric patients with small stature. As this technology is evaluated for Food and Drug Administration clearance in the pediatric population, it is important to consider modifications in surgical technique, partnering prior surgical experience with the technical support of company representatives. Laryngoscope, 128:1490–1492, 2018
Grazing Intensity Affects Communities of Culturable Root‐Associated Fungi in a Semiarid Grassland of Northwest China
Authors: Chen Tao , Zhang Yawen , Christensen Michael , Li Chenhui , Hou Fujiang , Nan Zhibiao
Published: August 2017

Intensive grazing by large herbivores is known to result in the degeneration of grassland worldwide. However, little is known about how grazing affects the fungi living in roots, especially those with septate hyphae. We investigated grazing intensity effects on culturable root‐associated fungi (c‐RAF) of three dominant plant species; Artemisia capillaris, Lespedeza davurica, and Stipa bungeana, in a semiarid grassland of northwest China. Plant roots were sampled from four grazing intensities at four sampling dates. The total colonization rate of c‐RAF was not affected by grazing intensity, but the diversity of c‐RAF displayed a hump‐shaped trend with grazing intensities. Few c‐RAF were present in all plant species, with most of them being confined to only one or two plant species. The 16 most commonly isolated species were selected to investigate their effects on plant growth and health. Three Fusarium species were most pathogenic c‐RAF. Three dark‐sterile species did not affect growth parameters, regardless of host plants. With A. capillaris, the occurrence of Fusarium spp. was highest in the control plots, while with S. bungeana, the occurrence tended to increase as the grazing intensity increased. Two dark‐sterile species, including Darksidea alpha, in L. davurica roots increased with grazing intensities; in contrast, D. alpha decreased for S. bungeana with grazing intensities. Our results strongly suggest that in grasslands, grazing intensity can lead to changes in the colonization of specific root fungal taxa, and these fungal changes would potentially feed back to plant performance depending on the abundance of host plants. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scraping by: Income and Program Participation After the Loss of Extended Unemployment Benefits
Authors: Rothstein Jesse , Valletta Robert G.
Published: August 2017

Many Unemployment Insurance (UI) recipients do not find new jobs before exhausting their benefits, even when benefits are extended during recessions. Using Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) panel data covering the 2001 and 2007 to 2009 recessions and their aftermaths, we identify individuals whose jobless spells outlasted their UI benefits (exhaustees) and examine household income, program participation, and health‐related outcomes during the six months following UI exhaustion. For the average exhaustee, the loss of UI benefits is only slightly offset by increased participation in other safety net programs (e.g., food stamps), and family poverty rates rise substantially. Self‐reported disability also rises following UI exhaustion. These patterns do not vary dramatically across household demographic groups, broad income level prior to job loss, or the two business cycles. The results highlight the unique, important role of UI in the U.S. social safety net.
National trends in use and costs of oral anticancer drugs in France: An 8‐year population‐based study
Authors: Bosco‐Lévy Pauline , de Boissieu Paul , Gouverneur Amandine , Noize Pernelle , Molimard Mathieu , Fourrier‐Réglat Annie , Bezin Julien
Published: August 2017

Purpose

During the last decade, many oral anticancer drugs (OAcDs) have been marketed, providing interesting but potentially costly pharmaceutical alternatives to intravenous treatments. This study aims to provide updated information on their use and costs.

Methods

A cross‐sectional yearly repeated study was conducted from 2006 to 2014 using the representative sample of the French national health care insurance system claims database (EGB). OAcD use was described for each year, among prevalent (ie, patients with at least 1 OAcD reimbursement) and incident users (ie, patients with no OAcD reimbursement within the prior year) and according to their pharmacological classes (Hormone Therapy [HT], Cytotoxic Therapy [CT], Targeted Therapy [TT], and others). Demographic characteristics were described for both users; comorbidities and direct medical costs were described for incident users only.

Results

The yearly prevalence and incidence of OAcD use, mainly represented by HT, remained stable from 2006 to 2014 (1.2%; 0.4%). Compared with users of other OAcD classes, the proportion of TT users substantially increased over the 8‐year study period (+9.3%), and TT incident users had more severe comorbidities at treatment initiation. The health expenditures were the most important in TT users with median monthly medical direct costs varying from 2995€ to 4968€ per patient between 2006 and 2014.

Conclusion

With the development of new OAcDs, the TTs use reaches a wider population of patients but is responsible for increasing health expenditures.
Personality Traits Predict Smartphone Usage
Authors: Stachl Clemens , Hilbert Sven , Au Jiew–Quay , Buschek Daniel , De Luca Alexander , Bischl Bernd , Hussmann Heinrich , Bühner Markus
Published: August 2017

The present study investigates to what degree individual differences can predict frequency and duration of actual behaviour, manifested in mobile application (app) usage on smartphones. In particular, this work focuses on the identification of stable associations between personality on the factor and facet level, fluid intelligence, demography and app usage in 16 distinct categories. A total of 137 subjects (87 women and 50 men), with an average age of 24 ( SD = 4.72), participated in a 90–min psychometric lab session as well as in a subsequent 60–day data logging study in the field. Our data suggest that personality traits predict mobile application usage in several specific categories such as communication, photography, gaming, transportation and entertainment. Extraversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness are better predictors of mobile application usage than basic demographic variables in several distinct categories. Furthermore, predictive performance is slightly higher for single factor—in comparison with facet–level personality scores. Fluid intelligence and demographics additionally show stable associations with categorical app usage. In sum, this study demonstrates how individual differences can be effectively related to actual behaviour and how this can assist in understanding the behavioural underpinnings of personality. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology