bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penggunaan Video Animasi dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Pada Siswa Kelas 1 Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Saputra Muhammad Rohan , Wardhana Kautsar Eka , Effendy Rahmad , Muthmainnah Rahmatul , Anastasya Trianisa Ayu
Published: January 2023

Along with the times, technology has also developed, many changes have occurred because of technology, such as in the fields of health, agriculture, education and many other fields. Therefore, in the world of education, we must continue to keep up with the times so that the field of education is not left behind by other fields. We know that education is very influential for the progress of a country. The teacher's responsibility is very large in it, all teachers should not be easily satisfied with what they have now, but must continue to learn to keep up with increasingly advanced technological developments. Today's learning media are very much like animated videos that can be applied at several levels of education. Using media in the form of animated videos in the learning process at the elementary school education level is an effective thing because at their age they are very happy when they see something different. Previously their learning process only used media in the form of textbooks or notebooks which might cause boredom to students but with the development of very advanced technology the learning process can use animated videos, but that does not mean to replace books as teaching materials but instead integrate teaching materials so that students do not feel bored. The purpose of education is essentially to humanize humans. If we want students not to feel bored and be able to continue to understand the learning material provided, a teacher must be good at implementing a learning system, starting from determining teaching materials to the methods used, a teacher must also be able to attract the attention of participants. educate them by giving something new because elementary school children will be easily interested if they see something different.
Carta editorial
Authors: Galindo Cruz Pablo , Calabrese Claudio César
Published: January 2023

Carta de los editores
Differences in the Chemical Composition of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Nectar Explain Flower Gender Preference by Its Pollinator, Apis mellifera
Authors: Fernandes Nayanny , Luz Lícia , Alves Filho Elenilson , de Aragão Fernando Antonio , Zocolo Guilherme , Freitas Breno
Published: January 2023

Melon is a pollinator-dependent crop that relies mainly on bees to set fruits. However, manselected varieties vary in their attractiveness to flower visitors, and some flower genders and melon types may be less visited than others, harming pollination. We investigated the nectar composition of male, female and hermaphrodite flowers of 270 individuals of five commercial melons Cucumis melo (Cantaloupe, Charentais, Galia, Piel de Sapo, and Yellow), and its role in flower visit by Apis mellifera foragers. We found that melon nectar is composed mainly of sugars and amino acids such as tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and flavonoids kaempferol3-O-neohesperidoside, luteolin hexoside, and kaempferol rhamnoside. But the amount of these chemical compounds varies among the flower genders. We also developed an accurate regression model to predict the number of bee visits to melon flowers based on the nectar composition. Our results indicate that nectar composition plays little role in bee discrimination among flowers of different melon types but is essential to the honeybee choice between flower gender. The amounts of phenylalanine (49.40%) and tryptophan (12.05%) in the nectar are related to bee preference for hermaphrodite flowers. More visits to hermaphrodite flowers contribute to setting and developing well-formed fruits, increasing productivity.
The pharmaceutical industry of the world: investment in R & D in the postcovid period
Authors: Nagy Szabolcs , Asmyatullin R. R.
Published: January 2023

In the article, the authors analyzed the activities of pharmaceutical companies in the world in the field of research and development (R & D) on the basis of international and Russian statistics. The financing of R & D in pharmaceuticals traditionally retains its decisive role in the development of both the industry as a whole and the global economy and the social sphere in the conditions of the outpacing growth of the age qualification of the world's population, which is the relevance of the article. The purpose of the article is to identify new trends in the development of investment and R&D in the pharmaceutical industry. The authors conducted quantitative and qualitative monitoring of the parameters of pharmaceutical companies' activities in the field of research and development in the last decade and identified a number of fundamentally new trends, such as the emergence of new pharmaceutical technologies, evaluation of healthcare technologies by society/the state, digitalization (including digital interaction with customers whose base is becoming more diversified), price growth on drugs and research risks, transformation of the industry's business strategies and more flexible project management due to the impact of COVID-19, including in the field of research, development and investment in the pharmaceutical industry.
ESTIMACIÓN DE LAS CONCENTRACIONES RELATIVAS DE CLOROFILA EN FOLIOLOS DE PAPA (Solanum tuberosum L.) UTILIZANDO TÉCNICAS DE REFLECTANCIA DE LA VEGETACIÓN.
Authors: Loayza Hildo , Calderón R. † Abelardo , Gutiérrez R. Raymundo O. , Céspedes F. Elisabet , Quiroz Roberto
Published: January 2023

La cantidad de energía solar absorbida por una hoja es en gran parte función de la concentración foliar de los pigmentos fotosintéticos. Por lo tanto, bajas concentraciones de clorofila pueden limitar el potencial fotosintético y por consiguiente la síntesis de compuestos primarios de una planta. En este trabajo se describe un método no destructivo para estimar las concentraciones de clorofila de foliolos de los cultivares de papa: SA–2563, Pumamaqui y Purranca, basada en la interacción entre la luz y la vegetación, que utiliza la primera derivada de sus respectivos espectros de reflectancia. Como referencia, se utilizaron las unidades SPAD adquiridas por un medidor de clorofila SPAD–502 que fue previamente validado. Correlaciones mayores al 90% entre las amplitudes de las señales obtenidas de derivar los espectros de reflectancia de foliolos en longitudes de onda alrededor de 720 nm y las concentraciones de clorofila medidas con un SPAD–502, evidencian el potencial del método basado en reflectancia de la vegetación como indicador seguro para estimar parámetros bioquímico–fisiológicos de las plantas.Palabras clave: clorofila, reflectancia, Solanum tuberosum L.
REGISTROS HERPETOLÓGICOS DEL PARQUE ECOLÓGICO DE LA MOLINA, LIMA, PERÚ.
Authors: Choy Pravatiner Manuel , Elías Piperis Roberto
Published: January 2023

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar y registrar las especies herpetológicas que habitan el Parque Ecológico de La Molina en Lima, Perú. Este parque es un área natural que forma parte del sistema de lomas de Villa María del Triunfo, no obstante ubicarse en el distrito de La Molina. Se registraron cinco especies de reptiles del Orden Squamata: dos serpientes, Bothrops pictus (Familia Viperidae) y Dipsas williamsi (Familia Colubridae); y tres saurios, Phyllodactylus lepidopygus (Familia Gekkonidae), Microlophus tigris y Microlophus sp. (Familia Tropiduridae). Todas las especies fueron previamente reportadas para el departamento de Lima, siendo M. tigris (n = 31/64) y P. lepidopygus (n = 29/64) las más abundantes. De las especies reportadas, dos han sido categorizadas por el Estado Peruano en situación Vulnerable (VU), B. pictus y P. lepidopygus, y una en Casi Amenazada (NT), M. tigris.
Natural Polymers as a Carrier for the Effective Delivery of Antineoplastic
Drugs
Authors: Patel Rajat , Kuwar Utkarsha , Dhote Nidhi , Alexander Amit , Nakhate Kartik , Jain Parag , Ajazuddin
Published: January 2023

Cancer is a broad term for a set of disorders marked by the development of physically and
functionally changed cells that proliferate uncontrollably, infect neighboring tissues, and result in malignant
tumours, 'neoplasm'. Cancer remains a difficult disease to treat because of the significant adverse
effects and poor pharmacokinetic profile of antineoplastic drugs, despite advancements in our
understanding of the features and behavior of tumor cells in recent decades. In this series, the role of
natural polymers is prominent as a component of a novel delivery system of anticancer drugs. These natural
polymeric drug delivery systems (NPDDS) have many advantages over synthetic polymers like controlled
delivery, biodegradability, inexpensive, low toxicity profile, and easily obtainable. These polymers
further modify for the targeting of tumour cells. This review discusses and critically analyses the different
natural polymers, such as chitosan, cellulose, starch, albumin, dextran, fucoidan, gelatin, etc., in terms of
natural ingredient-based polymeric nanocarriers specifically for cancer therapy. It also describes benefits,
drawbacks, and opinions and provides insights about the efficacy of NPDDS as well as its future perspectives
and tabulated recent patents and cases under clinical trials exploited for cancer treatment.
Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN): A Patent Review Since 2016-Present
Authors: Singh Shailendra , Karthikeyan Chandrabose , Moorthy Narayana Subbiah Hari Narayana
Published: January 2023

Fatty acid synthase (FASN), is a key metabolic enzyme involved in fatty acid biosynthesis
and is an essential target for multiple disease progressions like cancer, obesity, NAFLD, etc.
Aberrant expression of FASN is associated with deregulated energy metabolism of cells in these
diseases. This article provides a summary of the most recent developments in the discovery of
novel FASN inhibitors with potential therapeutic uses in cancer, obesity, and other metabolic disorders
such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from 2016 to the present. The recently published
patent applications and forthcoming clinical data of FASN inhibitors from both academia and the
pharma industries are also highlighted in this study. The implication of FASN in multiple diseases
has provided an impetus for developing novel inhibitors by both pharma companies and academia.
Critical analysis of the patent literature reveals the exploration of diverse molecular scaffolds to
identify potential FASN inhibitors that target the different catalytic domains of the enzyme. In
spite of these multifaceted efforts, only one molecule, TVB-2640, has reached phase II trials for
non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and many malignancies. However, the combined efforts of
pharma companies to produce several FASN inhibitors might facilitate the clinical translation
of this unique class of inhibitors. Nevertheless, concerted efforts towards developing multiple
FASN inhibitors by pharma companies might facilitate the clinical translation of this novel class
of inhibitors.
Research on the Traditional and Low-Carbon Consumption Modes
Authors: Wang Ziwen , Chi Yuanying , Peng Rui , Yang Yang
Published: January 2023

With the increasing severity of ecological and environmental problems, determining
how to develop a low-carbon economy has become the focus of scholarly research. As a necessary
component of a low-carbon economy, the low-carbon consumption mode plays an important role in
the sustainable development of all countries. In this paper, the existing research on the traditional
and low-carbon consumption modes is sorted out, the differences between the two consumption
modes are compared and analyzed, and relevant suggestions for the low-carbon transformation of
the consumption mode are put forward. To put forward the path from the traditional consumption
mode of residents to the low-carbon consumption mode. In order to minimize the harm to the ecological
environment, the low-carbon transformation of the consumption mode should be actively
carried out. The low-carbon transformation of the consumption mode of residents can be realized
from three perspectives, namely cultivating the low-carbon consumption awareness of residents,
establishing and perfecting the supervision system, and guiding the low-carbon production of enterprises.
Recent Patents on Red Jujube Harvester
Authors: Bao Yudong , Zhao Yafei , Zhang Jianlong
Published: January 2023

As the demand for jujubes grows, so does the acreage of jujubes. However, the main
method of jujube picking is traditional manual picking, which is the most time-consuming and labor-
intensive in the production chain. Through the analysis and discussion of the patents on the jujube
harvester, some valuable conclusions are drawn to predict the research and development of the
jujube harvester in the future. An overview of various representative patents of the current jujube
harvester is provided in this paper. A large number of patents of jujube harvesting devices have been
summarized, the characteristics of these patents have been analyzed and compared, and the further
development trend of jujube harvesting machines has been developed. The research on the multifunction,
intelligence and versatility of the jujube harvester is helpful to solve the problems of low
efficiency, low quality, and poor versatility of the jujube harvester.
role of financial literacy, perceived risk, and technological advances in millennial generation investment decisions in the capital market
Authors: Kusuma Putu Sri Arta Jaya , Mesacahyani Ni Kadek
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of financial literacy, risk perception and technological progress partially and simultaneously on the investment decisions of the millennial generation living in Denpasar city. The population in this study is the millennial generation from the city of Denpasar who have invested in the capital market. The sampling technique used non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling approach and the sample size was determined using the slovin formula so that 100 people were obtained as samples with the criteria set by the researcher. Empirical data was collected by distributing questionnaires online using the Google form. The data analysis technique in this study used the multiple linear regression analysis method with the help of the SPSS 26 software program. The results of this study indicate that financial literacy, risk perception, and technological advances have a significant positive effect on investment decisions in the capital market in the millennial generation in Denpasar city.
Тестовые структуры на базе SiC с тонкими слоями графена для определения аппаратной функции для Кельвин-зонд-микроскопии
Authors: Дунаевский М.С. , Гущина Е.В. , Малых Д.А. , Лебедев С.П. , Лебедев А.А.
Published: January 2023

Предложен метод определения аппаратной функции при измерениях поверхностного потенциала в режиме Кельвин-зонд-микроскопии. Метод основан на применении в качестве тестовой структуры поверхности политипов SiC, содержащих области однослойного и двухслойного графена. Измерение профилей потенциала вдоль различных направлений на такой поверхности позволяет определить аппаратную функцию для зондовых измерений потенциала. Используя аппаратную функцию, можно выполнять процедуру деконволюции и восстанавливать точный потенциал поверхности. Ключевые слова: сканирующая зондовая микроскопия, Кельвин-зонд-микроскопия, потенциал поверхности, тестовые структуры, графен, карбид кремния.
Ионно-плазменное осаждение многокомпонентных пленок с заданным законом распределения состава по толщине
Authors: Козырев А.Б. , Вольпяс В.А. , Тумаркин А.В. , Алтынников А.Г. , Комлев А.Е. , Платонов Р.А. , Трофимов П.М.
Published: January 2023

A method is proposed for ion-plasma deposition of thin multicomponent films with the ability to control the component composition in thickness (gradedfilm) with a change in the pressure of the working gas according to a given law. Using the BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BSTO)perovskite-type structure as an example, the calculated (Monte Carlo simulation) and experimental dependences of the component composition of films and their deposition rate on the pressure of the working gas were obtained. As an example, the possibility of deposition of BSTO films with a linear distribution of composition by their thickness.
Особенности пиролиза ацетилена в атмосфере инертных газов в реакторе циклического сжатия
Authors: Васильев С.А. , Ездин Б.С. , Яньшоле Л.В. , Пахаруков Ю.В. , Каляда В.В. , Шабиев Ф.К.
Published: January 2023

The pyrolysis of acetylene was studied experimentally in a cyclic compression reactor in an atmosphere of buffer inert gases (argon, neon, helium). A significant difference in the thermodynamic conditions for the complete pyrolysis of the precursor for various buffer gases was revealed. The reaction products of acetylene in neon and helium contained up to 20% of the part soluble in organic solvents. The study of the ethanol-soluble part of the product using time-of-flight mass spectrometry with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization made it possible to distinguish even and odd branches in the spectrum of substances by the number of carbon atoms. A mechanism is proposed for the formation of larger particles by merging smaller ones.
Синтез и структурные свойства тонких пленок YAG:Ce-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=-, полученных методом импульсного лазерного напыления
Authors: Девицкий О.В. , Кравцов A.A.
Published: January 2023

Thin YAG:Ce3+ films were synthesized by pulsed laser deposition. For the first time, the dependences of the thickness, phase composition, and photoluminescence of films on the substrate temperature during synthesis were studied. It is shown that, regardless of the synthesis temperature in the range of 100-400 °C, the resulting films had a polycrystalline structure. With an increase in the substrate temperature, an increase in the film growth rate was observed. Despite the polycrystalline structure of the films, after annealing at 900 °C, YAG:Ce3+ thin films exhibited pronounced photoluminescence, which opens up the possibility of their application as modifying coatings for photoconverters, as well as for X-ray detectors.
Деградационные процессы в мемристоре на основе селенида германия с самоформирующимся токопроводящим каналом
Authors: Алёшин А.Н. , Рубан О.А.
Published: January 2023

Изучено влияние температуры на деградационные процессы в мемристоре ионного типа Ag/SnSe/Ge2Se3/W с самоформирующимся токопроводящим каналом в интервале 22-65oC при частоте переключения 100 Hz на основе определения электропроводности мемристора в низкоомном и высокоомном режимах работы. Установлено, что при повышенных температурах деградационные процессы происходят быстрее и затрагивают как низкоомный, так и высокоомный режим работы мемристора. Определена энергия активации деградации, равная 1.16 eV. Ключевые слова: электропроводность, твердый электролит, деградация, токопроводящий канал.
Увеличение коэффициента усиления антенной решетки на основе резонаторов Фабри-Перо в области сканирования больших углов
Authors: Литинская Е.А. , Поленга С.В. , Саломатов Ю.П. , Чурсина О.А.
Published: January 2023

An approach for increasing the gain of an antenna array based on Fabry-Perot cavities with mechanoelectrical scanning in the 60-90° angle sector by using a radio-absorbing material on the shading subarray is described. Simulation and analysis of the directional characteristics of the antenna array based on Fabry-Perot cavities with the use of radio absorbing material have been performed, the characteristics have been compared with the antenna array without an absorber. Conclusions on the applicability of the proposed configuration of the antenna array based on Fabry-Perot cavities in mobile satellite terminals are made.
supports and challenges of political Islam during reformation Indonesia
Authors: Yumitro Gonda , Abdelsalam Elfatih Abdullahi , Shukri Syaza Farhana Mohamad
Published: January 2023

This article aims to elaborate and describe the supports and challenges towards the development of political Islam during reformation Indonesia. This qualitative research used literature reviews methods of data collection. After validating and removing irrelevant data, the collected data were analyzed using Nvivo 12 Plus as an analysis tool. The authors found that some supports of political Islam during reformation Indonesia are the emergence of Islamic groups supporting Islamic law, Islamic values in various fields, and the favorable Islamic pop culture. On the other hand, the challenges of political Islam are in the form of the anti-Islamization movements and the issues of Islamic terrorism. Moreover, the supports for the existence of actors bringing the ideas of political Islam developed significantly in the era of President Habibie, which was the earlier phase of changing from the Suharto authoritarian regime, for instance, by the emergence of various Islamic political movements. However, the development has steadily declined following the increasing challenges towards political Islam during reformation Indonesia, especially since the second era of Presidents Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) and President Joko Widodo (Jokowi) government, such as by the emergence of the anti-Islamization movement and the issue of Islamic terrorism. In the future, the field research through survey and interview is expected to validate the findings of this article.
A Safe Place to Learn: Peer Research Qualitative Investigation of gameChange Virtual Reality Therapy
Authors: Bond Jessica , Kenny Alexandra , Pinfold Vanessa , Couperthwaite Lisa ,   The gameChange Lived Experience Advisory Panel, Kabir Thomas , Larkin Michael , Beckley Ariane , Rosebrock Laina , Lambe Sinéad , Freeman Daniel , Waite Felicity , Robotham Dan
Published: January 2023

Background

Automated virtual reality (VR) therapy has the potential to substantially increase access to evidence-based psychological treatments. The results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial showed that gameChange VR cognitive therapy reduces the agoraphobic avoidance of people diagnosed with psychosis, especially for those with severe avoidance.

Objective

We set out to use a peer research approach to explore participants’ experiences with gameChange VR therapy. This in-depth experiential exploration of user experience may inform the implementation in clinical services and future VR therapy development.

Methods

Peer-led semistructured remote interviews were conducted with 20 people with a diagnosis of psychosis who had received gameChange as part of the clinical trial (ISRCTN17308399). Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis and template analyses. A multiperspectival approach was taken to explore subgroups. Credibility checks were conducted with the study Lived Experience Advisory Panel.

Results

Participants reported the substantial impact of anxious avoidance on their lives before the VR intervention, leaving some of them housebound and isolated. Those who were struggling the most with agoraphobic avoidance expressed the most appreciation for, and gains from, the gameChange therapy. The VR scenarios provided “a place to practise.” Immersion within the VR scenarios triggered anxiety, yet participants were able to observe this and respond in different ways than usual. The “security of knowing the VR scenarios are not real” created a safe place to learn about fears. The “balance of safety and anxiety” could be calibrated to the individual. The new learning made in VR was “taken into the real world” through practice and distilling key messages with support from the delivery staff member.

Conclusions

Automated VR can provide a therapeutic simulation that allows people diagnosed with psychosis to learn and embed new ways of responding to the situations that challenge them. An important process in anxiety reduction is enabling the presentation of stimuli that induce the original anxious fears yet allow for learning of safety. In gameChange, the interaction of anxiety and safety could be calibrated to provide a safe place to learn about fears and build confidence. This navigation of therapeutic learning can be successfully managed by patients themselves in an automated therapy, with staff support, that provides users with personalized control. The clinical improvements for people with severe anxious avoidance, the positive experience of VR, and the maintenance of a sense of control are likely to facilitate implementation.
Canadian Pediatric Intensive Care Adaptations for Critically Ill Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Survey Study
Authors: Parchomchuk Evan , Holt Tanya , Hansen Gregory
Published: January 2023

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic overwhelmed Canadian hospitals with adult admissions. A large number of adult patients required critical care therapies, placing significant strain on hospital resources. In order to decompress adult intensive care units, pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) introduced adapted models of traditional care to lessen these burdens.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate how PICUs across Canada adapted care for the high volumes of critically ill adults.

Methods

A survey containing 40 questions was sent to the medical directors of 14 Canadian PICUs where English was the primary clinical language. The survey was designed to gain perspective on the various adaptations that PICUs instituted during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

Of the 13 PICUs that returned survey responses (response rate: 13/14, 93%), 10 (77%) participated in at least one adaptation to support the influx of admitted adults with COVID-19. The key challenges included disorganization, loss of autonomy, and compromised patient care. The significant advantages of these adaptations included a sense of learning and comradery.

Conclusions

Our study highlighted an unpreparedness in critical care surge capacity. During the COVID-19 pandemic, adaptations rapidly emerged in Canada that involved PICUs with adult care. In the future, preplanned adaptations for optimizing robust critical care services should be developed based on what has been learned from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Status and influencing factors of nurses' burnout: A web survey during COVID-19 regular prevention and control in China (Preprint)
Authors: Mao Xiaofei , Hou Tianya , Tang Yun , Ni Chunyan , Zhang Jianguo , Deng Wenxi , Chen Liqing , Wang Xingxing , Li Ziqiang , Jia Yan , Dong Wei , Qian Xing
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Though the severe situation during COVID-19 regular prevention and control in China faced by nurses has changed, nurses still worked under huge stress. However, the work concerning the burnout of Chinese nurses in the stage of COVID-19 regular prevention and control is still missing.

OBJECTIVE

This is the first study in China to investigate the status and influencing factors of nurses' burnout during COVID-19 regular prevention and control.

METHODS

A web survey was conducted from 3 January to 7 January 2022 in Chinese nurses. Convenient sampling was applied to recruit 784 nurses in China. Demographic questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Insomnia Severity Index, The Impact of Event Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, General Self-efficacy Scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to assess demographic information, anxiety, depression, insomnia, PTSD symptoms, social support, resilience, self-efficacy and burnout, respectively.

RESULTS

310 (39.5%), 393 (50.1%) and 576 (73.5%) of the respondents were at a high risk of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. The overall risk of EE, DP and reduced PA were moderate, high, and high, respectively. Nurses who obtained intermediate and senior professional titles and worked more than 40 hours per week reported higher scores in EE. Those who worked in high-risk units reported lower scores in PA. Anxiety, PTSD, social support and self-efficacy were predictors of EE and DP. Social support and resilience could predict PA significantly.

CONCLUSIONS

Burnout of Chinese nurses in the stage of COVID-19 regular prevention and control was serious. Professional title, weekly hours of working, working department, anxiety, PTSD symptoms, social support, self-efficacy and resilience were significantly predictors of burnout.
Representation Learning and Spectral Clustering for the Development and External Validation of Dynamic Sepsis Phenotypes: Observational Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Boussina Aaron , Wardi Gabriel , Shashikumar Supreeth Prajwal , Malhotra Atul , Zheng Kai , Nemati Shamim
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Recent attempts at clinical phenotyping for sepsis have shown promise in identifying groups of patients with distinct treatment responses. Nonetheless, the replicability and actionability of these phenotypes remain an issue because the patient trajectory is a function of both the patient’s physiological state and the interventions they receive.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to develop a novel approach for deriving clinical phenotypes using unsupervised learning and transition modeling.

METHODS

Forty commonly used clinical variables from the electronic health record were used as inputs to a feed-forward neural network trained to predict the onset of sepsis. Using spectral clustering on the representations from this network, we derived and validated consistent phenotypes across a diverse cohort of patients with sepsis. We modeled phenotype dynamics as a Markov decision process with transitions as a function of the patient’s current state and the interventions they received.

RESULTS

Four consistent and distinct phenotypes were derived from over 11,500 adult patients who were admitted from the University of California, San Diego emergency department (ED) with sepsis between January 1, 2016, and January 31, 2020. Over 2000 adult patients admitted from the University of California, Irvine ED with sepsis between November 4, 2017, and August 4, 2022, were involved in the external validation. We demonstrate that sepsis phenotypes are not static and evolve in response to physiological factors and based on interventions. We show that roughly 45% of patients change phenotype membership within the first 6 hours of ED arrival. We observed consistent trends in patient dynamics as a function of interventions including early administration of antibiotics.

CONCLUSIONS

We derived and describe 4 sepsis phenotypes present within 6 hours of triage in the ED. We observe that the administration of a 30 mL/kg fluid bolus may be associated with worse outcomes in certain phenotypes, whereas prompt antimicrobial therapy is associated with improved outcomes.

CLINICALTRIAL
Duration of Protection From Pneumonia After Pneumococcal Vaccination in Hemodialysis Patients (DOPPIO): Protocol for a Prospective Multicenter Study (Preprint)
Authors: Mellinghoff Sibylle , von Gersdorff Gero , Bruns Caroline , Albus Kerstin , Dimitriou Vassiliki , Steinbach Angela , Schaller Mathias , Vehreschild Jörg Janne , Cornely Oliver A , Liss Blasius Janusch
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Pneumonia is a leading cause of death in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease treated with dialysis. Current vaccination schedules recommend pneumococcal vaccination. However, this schedule disregards findings of rapid titer decline in adult hemodialysis patients after 12 months.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective is to compare pneumonia rates between recently vaccinated patients and patients vaccinated more than 2 years ago. As an exploratory objective, antipneumococcal antibody titers in hemodialysis patients will be determined as a function. Factors influencing antibody kinetics will be identified.

METHODS

Within this prospective multicenter study, we aim to compare 2 strata of vaccinated patients: those recently vaccinated and those vaccinated more than 2 years ago. A total of 792 patients will be enrolled. Twelve partner sites (within the German Centre for Infection Research [DZIF]) with allocated dialysis practices participate in this study. All dialysis patients who are vaccinated against pneumococcal infection in accordance with Robert Koch Institute guidelines prior to enrollment will be eligible. Data on baseline demographics, vaccination history, and underlying disease will be assessed. Pneumococcal antibody titers will be determined at baseline and every 3 months for 2 years. DZIF clinical trial units coordinate titer assessment schedules and actively follow-up on study patients for 2-5 years after enrollment, including validation of end points of hospitalization, pneumonia, and death.

RESULTS

The study has enrolled 792 patients and the last follow-up has been completed. Currently, the statistical and laboratory analyses are ongoing.

CONCLUSIONS

Results will increase physician adherence to current recommendations. Establishing a framework for the efficient evaluation of guideline recommendations through a combination of routine and study data will inform the evidence base for future guidelines.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03350425; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03350425

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/45712
Stimulant Use Associated With Psychosocial Factors, HIV Risk, and Concurrent Hazardous Alcohol Use Among US Adults: Exploratory Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Frank , Jain Jennifer Payaal , Duthely Lunthita M , Ikeda Janet , Santos Glenn-Milo
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Stimulant use is a major public health problem that contributes to morbidity and mortality among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States. To reduce the harms associated with stimulant use, there is a need to identify the factors associated with stimulant use to inform interventions. Additionally, there is a need to use large crowdsourcing platforms like Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) to engage more individuals who use substances across the United States.

OBJECTIVE

We identified the correlates of stimulant use among people who use alcohol or stimulants in the United States recruited using MTurk.

METHODS

Participants who were aged ≥18 years in the United States and reported alcohol or stimulant (ie, cocaine, crack cocaine, and methamphetamine) use were deemed eligible and recruited via the web platform MTurk. Participants completed a baseline survey, which assessed sociodemographics, psychosocial (ie, depression, affect, self-esteem, and stress) factors, substance use, and sexual behaviors. Data were collected and analyzed with STATA (version 17; StataCorp). Stratifying by MSM status, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were built in STATA to examine the correlates of stimulant use. Multivariable models controlled for age, race, health insurance, and relationship status.

RESULTS

Of 272 participants, 201 (73.9%) identified as male, 134 (49.2%) were MSM, 52 (19.1%) were from racial and ethnic minoritized communities, and 158 (58%) were in a relationship. The mean age was 36.10 (SD 10.3) years. A total of 40 (14.7%) participants reported stimulant use in the past 6 months. Factors significantly associated with stimulant use were being MSM (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.61, 95% CI 1.97-10.81), a higher Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Concise score (aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.08-1.42), more intense cravings for alcohol in the past 24 hours (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.04), a higher depression score (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.12), a greater number of male partners in the last 6 months (aOR 1.32, 95% CI 1.08-1.61), a greater number of female partners in the last 6 months (aOR 1.42, 95% CI 1.04-1.92), and being diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (eg, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, and other) in the last 6 months (aOR 14.61, 95% CI 3.45-61.87). Additionally, there was a significant additive interaction between MSM status and negative affect, such that the impact of negative affect on stimulant use was significantly greater among MSM compared with non-MSM (relative excess risk due to interaction 0.085, 95% CI 0.037-0.13).

CONCLUSIONS

Interventions that address stimulant use should use evidence-based approaches that reduce negative affect, depression, and cravings for alcohol. Additionally, interventions should be customized for MSM populations.
Identifying Protected Health Information by Transformers-Based Deep Learning Approach in Chinese Medical Text (Preprint)
Authors: Xu Kun , Song Yang , Ma Jingdong
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

The widespread use of electronic health record systems improves service quality and health outcomes, yet the security of personal data must still be guaranteed. It is possible to protect patients’ rights by securing protected health information safe. In a time when high therapeutic utility and privacy protection are difficult to balance, it is necessary to find an efficient and accurate de-identification method for clinical data. To reduce the risk of privacy information leakage in clinical practice, rule-based, machine learning-based, and deep learning-based methods have been developed with satisfactory performance. However, there has been a lack of focus on applying these algorithms to real-world data, particularly in the Chinese clinical environment.

OBJECTIVE

The sharing and utilization of the electronic medical record data enables clinical decision-making and improves health outcomes, but it is vulnerable to the risk of privacy leakage. In the context of Chinese clinical texts, this paper aims to propose a BERT-based deep learning algorithm to identify privacy information and to verify the feasibility of our method for privacy protection in the Chinese clinical context.

METHODS

We collected and double-annotated 33,017 discharge summaries from 151 medical institutions on a municipal regional health information platform, developed a BERT-based BiLSTM-CRF model, and tested the performance of privacy identification on the dataset. To explore the performance of different substructures of the neural network, we created five additional baseline models and evaluated the impact of different models on performance.

RESULTS

Based on the annotated data, the BERT model pre-trained with the medical corpus showed a significant performance improvement to the BiLSTM-CRF model with a micro-recall of 0.978 and an F1 value of 0.974, which indicates that the model has promising performance in identifying private information in Chinese clinical texts.

CONCLUSIONS

The BERT-based BiLSTM-CRF model excels in identifying privacy information in Chinese clinical texts, and the application of this model is very effective in protecting patient privacy and facilitating data sharing.
A STUDY ON BACTERIOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF SUB-GINGIVAL PLAQUES IN PERIODONTITIS PATIENTS
Authors: USHARANI PURIMITLA
Published: January 2023

Objective: The current study's objectives were to isolate and characterize the periodontal pathogens from subgingival plaque obtained from patients with chronic periodontitis using conventional microbiological techniques.

Materials: In the Department of Microbiology at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital was where this study was carried out. Over the course of six months, from January to June 2019, samples were taken from subgingival pockets in patients with chronic periodontitis who visited the periodontology outpatient department at our institute of dental sciences. There were 21 cases in the research. For the purpose of preventing saliva contamination, tooth surfaces were dried using sterile gauze. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from the majority of diseased sites using a sterile periodontal Gracy curette, put in a test tube with fluid thioglycollate medium, and taken to the microbiology lab where they were processed right away using conventional microbiological procedures.

Results: E. coli grew in the majority of samples (9), followed by Pseudomonas species and Staphylococci in 7 samples. Only sample number 7 out of 21 showed no growth for Candida albicans; the others all exhibited development. Samples like Sample 1, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 produced isolates that were multidrug resistant.

Conclusion: Therefore, while developing a treatment plan for adult patients with periodontitis, the microbial diversity discovered in the current study should be taken into account. Variations in the quantities and species of cultivable bacteria have been found in investigations of periodontitis patients from different geographic regions, including developed and developing countries.
A REVIEW ON MONKEY POX DISEASE
Authors: KAMARIA PRIYANKA , GUHA SOURAV
Published: January 2023

After the disastrous COVID-19 pandemic, now, monkey pox has spreaded its legs all over the world. Disease originated in Africa but its outbreak occurred in 89 countries since January 2022. As per the World Health Organization report, in between January 1, 2022, and August 10, 2022, 27,814 confirmed cases and 11 deaths occurred across 89 countries. Monkey pox is a viral infection which may occur in humans as well as in animals. Rope squirrel (Funisciurus spp.), Gambian pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus), and Sooty mangabey monkey (Cercocebus atys) are suspected reservoir host for monkey pox. Its symptoms are similar to but milder than small pox. As orthopox viruses are morphologically identical to each other, Polymerase chain reaction is only test for detection of monkey pox-specific DNA signatures. There is no specific treatment for monkey pox infection but as monkey pox and small pox infections are hereditarily comparative so antiviral medications and antibodies created to safeguard against small pox are generally prescribed to prevent and treat monkey pox. One of the important measures for prevention from monkey pox is small pox vaccination to the individual and also to the healthy people in occupation who are at high risk of exposure except in immunocompromised individuals.
NATURAL PRODUCT-BASED AMYLOID PROTEIN INHIBITORS
Authors: S SWAGATH , SR SUSEEM
Published: January 2023

Neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s are associated by plague formation of protein aggregates called amyloid proteins. Many natural-based products such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, iso-flavones, and polyunsaturated fatty acids play major role in therapeutic ability to degrade, slow down, and recondition the amyloid protein (amyloid protein inhibitors). These compounds extracted from plants have shown consequential potential in in vitro studies as well as in vivo studies. For requisite for brain nutritive growth, omega 3 fatty acids are important, whereas ß-carotene plays indispensable role in cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in the brain. It is described that omega 3 fatty acids are extracted from the source (flaxseed) by oil press method and ß-carotene is synthesized by physiochemical process from carrot. The main objective of this particular research topic is to provide more effectiveness in detaining the growth of amyloid protein inhibitors in brain. It is observed that the product with omega 3 and ß-carotene slow down the protein aggregation more efficiently than omega 3 capsules alone and intra-cerebroventricular injected streptozotocin. This can be determined by in silico activity of acetylcholinesterase. The analyses show extensive reciprocity between inhibitors and amyloid proteins. The administration of omega 3 with ß-carotene depreciates the amyloid protein aggregates more efficiently. Hence, it is suggested that the product can be used as treatment for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s.
METAPHYSICAL LOVE IN TURKISH CULTURE
Authors: ÖZEN YENER
Published: January 2023

What is Love? Is it identifiable? or is it learned by living? It is not as easy as one might think to give a coherent answer to these questions. Scientists, thinkers and artists have defined love in different ways or have tried to explain it. Scientists say that the motive of love begins with birth. This is an important starting point in terms of revealing the source of love. From this point of view, it will contribute to our saying that love begins with the existence of the first human being. At first, people feel lonely and are alone with themselves. Later, as he gets to know the beings and objects outside himself, he enters into some relations with them. If there is no expression of love in these relationships, the person returns to his loneliness again, which creates a feeling of shame in him. This is also a source of guilt and restlessness. As a matter of fact, in the history of humanity, especially in our age, there are millions and billions of people whose needs are not met to love, be loved, adopted. If the conditions continue like this, man can become the preparer and implementer of the great slaughter, that is, the apocalypse. When the biological and trust needs of the person are not met, what can happen when the love and adoption needs are not met, drug addiction, aggression, murder, hippieism, conversion to primitive religions, robbery, war, conflict, etc., in advanced societies such phenomena and events. The reason for such undesirable facts and events is not only lovelessness. There are many economic, political, social and cultural reasons for this. However, one of the important reasons may be that the need to love, be loved and embraced is not met.
Dynamic Characteristics of a Squeeze Film Damper used as Rear Bearing in a Single Spool Aeronautic Gas Turbine
Authors: Lino Vinicius da Silva , Sacrini Damásio , Rodrigues Adilson Vitor , Creci Geraldo , Menezes João Carlos
Published: January 2023

Squeeze film dampers are widely used in aeronautic gas turbines because they effectively absorb vibrations and lessen the stresses on the structural components. In this study, we calculated the stiffness and damping dynamic coefficients of a squeeze film damper with open ends and a circumferential oil-feeding groove. This squeeze film damper was used as a rear bearing in an aeronautic gas turbine designed to generate 5-kN of thrust under ISA conditions. Three different radial clearances were investigated to determine the optimal bearing design configuration for the application because the radial clearance of a squeeze film damper is a crucial element in determining its dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients. To provide superior performance and avoid issues, a rotordynamic analysis using the calculated stiffness and damping dynamic coefficients can be conducted to predict the vibratory behavior of the entire rotating assembly.