bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of the translations of Clarice Lispector’s repeated fragments: a corpus-based investigation
Authors: De Souza Lima Thereza Cristina
Published: July 2024

Our research is mainly based on Corpus-based Translation Studies (Baker 1993, 1995, 1996, 2000, 2004; Blum-Kulka, 1986; Camargo 2005, 2007; and Scott 1998) and is related to one type of cross-cultural communication, the Brazilian literature translated into the English language. It is also based on the literary studies of (Gotlib 1993; Nunes, B. 1995; Ruggero 2000; Sá, O. 2000; Varin 2002; and Cherem 2003). The current study has two main objectives: the first one aims at investigating aspects of normalization in the translation of three books, written by Clarice Lispector – A Descoberta do Mundo (DM), translated by Giovanni Pontiero as Discovering the World (DW); Uma Aprendizagem ou O Livro dos Prazeres (ALP) translated by Richard A. Mazzara and Lorri A. Parris as An Apprenticeship or The Book of Delights (ALP); and Água Viva (AV), translated by Elizabeth Lowe and Earl Fitz as The Stream of Life (TSL). As one of the main characteristics of the author is repetition, we have selected two fragments, which have been repeated in the three books analysed and translated by the different translators mentioned. This has enabled us to reach our second objective, which is to observe and compare these translators, whose source texts are the similar fragments, in relation to their own stylistic patterns.
Optimalisasi Kinerja Kondensor Sistem Refrigerant Plant di Kapal MV. Dian Cordelia
Authors: Andika Rio , Nugraha Markus Asta Patma , Hasnur Juliandri , Susanto Rudy
Published: July 2024

Sistem pendingin yang menerima uap pendingin tekanan tinggi yang panas dari kompresor dan mengenyahkan panas pengembunan itu dengan cara mendinginkan uap pendingin tekanan tinggi yang panas ke titik embunnya dengan cara mengenyahkan panas sensibelnya. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif. Jenis metode kualitatif yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif yang berarti mendeskripsikan dan menggambarkan fenomena-fenomena yang ada, baik bersifat alamiah maupun rekayasa manusia, yang lebih memperhatikan mengenai karakteristik, kualitas, keterkaitan antar kegiatan, yang dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa kondensor dalam keadaan kotor akan mengganggu proses kondensasi gas freon menjadi cair. Freon yang dikondensasikan tidak dapat mencukupi kebutuhan pendinginan pada ruang pendingin, sehingga suhu ruang pendingin tidak dapat tercapai karena suatu kebocoran pada daerah tekanan rendah akan menyebabkan udara masuk kedalam sistem freon.
Movilidades, estética de frontera y arqueología prospectiva en la ciencia ficción cosmopolita de Miguel Llansó: "Crumbs" y "Jesus Shows You the Way to the Highway" como anarchivos
Authors: Sánchez-Navarro Jordi
Published: July 2024

Este artículo se adentra en la obra del cineasta español Miguel Llansó y la examina como un ejemplo de ciencia ficción transnacional y cosmopolita. Los largometrajes de Llansó, analizados desde una perspectiva que pone en primer término las movilidades presentes en su discurso, revelan que su fusión de afrofuturismo, cultura pop, surrealismo irónico y sátira política las convierte en propuestas de una particular estética de frontera y en dispositivos anarchivísticos que documentan la complejidad de la cultura popular contemporánea y del mundo que la produce y alberga. La perspectiva de los estudios de cine transnacional y una mirada inspirada en la arqueología de los medios nos brindan herramientas para analizar unas películas que, en su eclecticismo radical de temas, formas narrativas y expresivas y estilo visual, se revelan como la materialización cinematográfica de una propuesta de arqueología prospectiva que, desde la cultura popular y el marco genérico de la ciencia ficción, desafía convenciones históricas y propone una intervención constructiva y táctica en las relaciones entre pasado, presente y futuro.
Resonaciones: sounds vibrating sympathetically into time and space
Authors: Korintenberg Bettina
Published: July 2024

This article unfolds the research and exhibition project Resonaciones. An Embrace to Awake, that originates from an encounter with ancient whistling vessels from the Moche culture from the collection of the Ethnological Museum Stuttgart (Linden Museum). Different forms of knowledge and practices from sound art, new materialism, quantum physics and indigenous philosophies connect within the experiential and experimental setting of the exhibition space. Thus, the potential of curatorial and artistic practice is revealed in forging connections and relations and opening up reflections on philosophical, natural and historical concepts. By reactivating the ancestral technology of whistling vessels, Resonaciones explores the vibrational essence of matter and energy, manifested in sound as a medium of connection and agency. Perceiving reality through vibrations, the ontological boundaries between subject and object, between past, present and future, and spatial conceptualizations break down and reconfigure opening up other modes of remembering and relating to one another.
Overhead modernity: airplanes, skywriting, and heterotopia in the sky
Authors: Huhtamo Erkki
Published: July 2024

Screenology, or Media Archaeology of the Screen, has occupied me for over twenty years. I am more and more convinced that its investigations must be taken far back in time and also beyond the Western world. Media screens can be understood as dedicated artifacts that are distinct from the forms and contents that keep appearing on them. In brief, they are interfaces that connect the close and the remote, the present and the absent, the material and the discursive. To understand their genealogy from extended spatiotemporal perspectives, it is important to pay attention to “screen-like” things that may not even have been called “screens”, “écrans” or “Leinwands” by their creators and users. One example of such screen-like objects that commands attention are the “screens” produced in East-Asian cultures like Japan and China since times immemorial. They have specific histories, interconnections, forms, iconographies and uses. Although such objects do not seem to match the later Western idea of media screens (their decorations and the pictures they carry are permanent), they deserve attention from a screenological perspective not only as what they are, but also because they became integrated into the cultural, political and economic processes that brought different parts of the world together. We can talk about “traffic in screens”, which has become an extensive phenomenon. Oriental “screens” were transported to different parts of the world, including Europe and Latin America. They became submitted to cultural trends and were given signification by the receiving cultures. Obvious examples are the Western trends Chinoiserie and Japonisme, which saw these “screens” in very different ways compared with those who had conceived and produced them. Western “Orientalist” (E. Said) interpretations influenced how these objects were seen in the environments where they had been produced. In this paper, I will suggest that making sense of such cross-cultural exchanges will add important insights to our efforts to understand the formative developments of media screens from perspectives that go beyond Western views and ideological formations.
How and why eLife selects papers for peer review
Authors:   eLife Editorial Leadership,   eLife Senior Editors,   eLife Early Career Advisory Group
Published: July 2024

When deciding which submissions should be peer reviewed, eLife editors consider whether they will be able to find high-quality reviewers, and whether the reviews will be valuable to the scientific community.
Optical mapping of ground reaction force dynamics in freely behaving Drosophila melanogaster larvae
Authors: Booth Jonathan H , Meek Andrew T , Kronenberg Nils M , Pulver Stefan R , Gather Malte C
Published: July 2024

During locomotion, soft-bodied terrestrial animals solve complex control problems at substrate interfaces, but our understanding of how they achieve this without rigid components remains incomplete. Here, we develop new all-optical methods based on optical interference in a deformable substrate to measure ground reaction forces (GRFs) with micrometre and nanonewton precision in behaving Drosophila larvae. Combining this with a kinematic analysis of substrate-interfacing features, we shed new light onto the biomechanical control of larval locomotion. Crawling in larvae measuring ~1 mm in length involves an intricate pattern of cuticle sequestration and planting, producing GRFs of 1–7 µN. We show that larvae insert and expand denticulated, feet-like structures into substrates as they move, a process not previously observed in soft-bodied animals. These ‘protopodia’ form dynamic anchors to compensate counteracting forces. Our work provides a framework for future biomechanics research in soft-bodied animals and promises to inspire improved soft-robot design.
Fine-scale tracking reveals visual field use for predator detection and escape in collective foraging of pigeon flocks
Authors: Delacoux Mathilde , Kano Fumihiro
Published: July 2024

During collective vigilance, it is commonly assumed that individual animals compromise their feeding time to be vigilant against predators, benefiting the entire group. One notable issue with this assumption concerns the unclear nature of predator “detection”, particularly in terms of vision. It remains uncertain how a vigilant individual utilizes its high-acuity vision (such as the fovea) to detect a predator cue and subsequently guide individual and collective escape responses. Using fine-scale motion capture technologies, we tracked the head and body orientations of pigeons (hence reconstructed their visual fields and foveal projections) foraging in a flock during simulated predator attacks. Pigeons used their fovea to inspect predator cues. Earlier foveation on a predator cue was linked to preceding behaviors related to vigilance and feeding, such as head-up or down positions, head-scanning, and food-pecking. Moreover, earlier foveation predicted earlier evasion flights at both the individual and collective levels. However, we also found that relatively long delay between their foveation and escape responses in individuals obscured the relationship between these two responses. While our results largely support the existing assumptions about vigilance, they also underscore the importance of considering vision and addressing the disparity between detection and escape responses in future research.
Sex-peptide targets distinct higher order processing neurons in the brain to induce the female post-mating response
Authors: Nallasivan Mohanakarthik P , Singh Deepanshu ND , Saleh Mohammed Syahir RS , Soller Matthias
Published: July 2024

Sex-peptide (SP) transferred during mating induces female post-mating responses including refractoriness to re-mate and increased oviposition in
Drosophila
. Yet, where SP target neurons reside, remained uncertain. Here we show that expression of membrane-tethered SP (mSP) in the head or trunk either reduces receptivity or increases oviposition, respectively. Using fragments from large regulatory regions of
Sex Peptide Receptor
,
fruitless
and
doublesex
genes together with intersectional expression of mSP, we identified distinct interneurons in the brain and abdominal ganglion controlling receptivity and oviposition. These interneurons can induce post-mating responses through SP received by mating. Trans-synaptic mapping of neuronal connections reveals input from sensory processing neurons and two post-synaptic trajectories as output. Hence, SP target neurons operate as key integrators of sensory information for decision of behavioural outputs. Multi-modularity of SP targets further allows females to adjust SP-mediated male manipulation to physiological state and environmental conditions for maximizing reproductive success.
The phytoplasma SAP54 effector acts as a molecular matchmaker for leafhopper vectors by targeting plant MADS-box factor SVP
Authors: Orlovskis Zigmunds , Singh Archana , Kliot Adi , Huang Weijie , Hogenhout Saskia A
Published: July 2024

Obligate parasites often trigger significant changes in their hosts to facilitate transmission to new hosts. The molecular mechanisms behind these extended phenotypes - where genetic information of one organism is manifested as traits in another - remain largely unclear. This study explores the role of the virulence protein SAP54, produced by parasitic phytoplasmas, in attracting leafhopper vectors. SAP54 is responsible for the induction of leaf-like flowers in phytoplasma-infected plants. However, we previously demonstrated that the insects were attracted to leaves and the leaf-like flowers were not required. Here, we made the surprising discovery that leaf exposure to leafhopper males is required for the attraction phenotype, suggesting a leaf response that distinguishes leafhopper sex in the presence of SAP54. In contrast, this phytoplasma effector alongside leafhopper females discourages further female colonization. We demonstrate that SAP54 effectively suppresses biotic stress response pathways in leaves exposed to the males. Critically, the host plant MADS-box transcription factor short vegetative phase (SVP) emerges as a key element in the female leafhopper preference for plants exposed to males, with SAP54 promoting the degradation of SVP. This preference extends to female colonization of male-exposed svp null mutant plants over those not exposed to males. Our research underscores the dual role of the phytoplasma effector SAP54 in host development alteration and vector attraction - integral to the phytoplasma life cycle. Importantly, we clarify how SAP54, by targeting SVP, heightens leaf vulnerability to leafhopper males, thus facilitating female attraction and subsequent plant colonization by the insects. SAP54 essentially acts as a molecular ‘matchmaker’, helping male leafhoppers more easily locate mates by degrading SVP-containing complexes in leaves. This study not only provides insights into the long reach of single parasite genes in extended phenotypes, but also opens avenues for understanding how transcription factors that regulate plant developmental processes intersect with and influence plant-insect interactions.
Reliability of dynamic and isometric upper muscle strength testing in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Santos Wanderson , Marques Vitor , de Lira Claudio Andre B. , Martins Wagner , Vieira Amilton , Mani Diba , Battaglini Claudio , Vieira Carlos
Published: July 2024

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, and its treatment usually involves a combination of many medical procedures, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy. One of the detrimental effects on physical function is reduced upper limb muscle strength. This study aimed to evaluate upper body strength intra-day and inter-day (test-retest) reliability using the handgrip strength test (HGS) and the bilateral isometric bench press (BIBP) and the test-retest reliability of the one repetition maximum on the bench press (BP-1RM) in breast cancer survivors (BCS). Thirty-two (52.94 ± 8.99 yrs) BCS participated in this study. The muscle strength tests were performed in two different moments, three to seven days apart. Intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) were used to assess the reliability. Standard error of measurement (SEM), typical error of measurement (TEM), and minimally detectable change (MDC) analyses were performed. The Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess the agreement between test-retest. We found a reliability that can be described as “high” to “very high” (ICC ≥ 0.88; CV ≤ 10%) for intra-day and test-retest. SEM% and MDC% were lower than 5% and 11%, respectively, for all intra-day testing. SEM% and TEM% ranged from 3% to 11%, and MDC% ranged from 9% to 23% in the test-retest reliability. The agreement demonstrated a systematic bias ranging from 2.3% to 6.0% for all testing, and a lower systematic bias may be presented in the non-treated side assessed by HGS and BIBP. HGS, BIBP, and BP-1RM assessments are reliable for measuring upper-body muscle strength in BCS.
Comparison of selective laser melting and stereolithography etching templates for guided endodontics
Authors: Zhang Ting , Chen Du , Zhang Fei , Xie Sijing , Wu Guofeng , Hu Qingang , Yan Fuhua , Tang Xuna
Published: July 2024

Background

With the increasing application of guided endodontics to treat complex root canal treatment, the entire process of root canal treatment has become more precise, reducing damage to tooth structure and improving success rates. However, due to the limitations of the operating space, the use of guided endodontic templates in posterior root canal treatment is less common. This study aims to compare the accuracy and reliability of selective laser melting (SLM) and traditional stereolithography etching (SLA) guided endodontic templates for posterior root canals, providing better treatment strategies for posterior root canal treatment.

Methods

The teeth were randomly assigned to either SLM or SLA group. Preoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and a three-dimensional (3D) scanner were used to establish the 3D root canal system and the accurate occlusal models of the teeth. The virtual access to the canal access was designed using Mimics 19.0 and 3-Matic 11.0. The endodontic access was performed based on either SLM or SLA templates. The accuracy of endodontic preparation was measured in three-dimensions by calculating deviations from planned accesses. The template height and tooth substance loss rates in each group were measured.

Results

SLM-guided templates have a low average deviation at the entry point and apical portion of the bur of total posterior teeth (including premolars and molars) and individual molars (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant difference in angular deviations and height of template in total posterior teeth and individual molars (P < 0.05). The mean substance loss rate of the SLA group was slightly greater than that of the SLM group, but the difference was not statistically (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

SLM-guided endodontics provides a more predictable and precise location of root canal orifice for the treatment of posterior teeth.
Machine learning and bioinformatics analysis of diagnostic biomarkers associated with the occurrence and development of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Yong , Cai Yunxiang , Ji Longfei , Wang Binyu , Shi Danfei , Li Xinmin
Published: July 2024

Objective

Lung adenocarcinoma poses a major global health challenge and is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This study is a review of three molecular biomarkers screened by machine learning that are not only important in the occurrence and progression of lung adenocarcinoma but also have the potential to serve as biomarkers for clinical diagnosis, prognosis evaluation and treatment guidance.

Methods

Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using comprehensive GSE1987 and GSE18842 gene expression databases. A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of these DEGs was conducted to explore enriched functions and pathways, relative expression levels, and interaction networks. Random Forest and LASSO regression analysis techniques were used to identify the three most significant target genes. The TCGA database and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) experiments were used to verify the expression levels and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of these three target genes. Furthermore, immune invasiveness, pan-cancer, and mRNA-miRNA interaction network analyses were performed.

Results

Eighty-nine genes showed increased expression and 190 genes showed decreased expression. Notably, the upregulated DEGs were predominantly associated with organelle fission and nuclear division, whereas the downregulated DEGs were mainly associated with genitourinary system development and cell-substrate adhesion. The construction of the DEG protein-protein interaction network revealed 32 and 19 hub genes with the highest moderate values among the upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively. Using random forest and LASSO regression analyses, the hub genes were employed to identify three most significant target genes.TCGA database and qPCR experiments were used to verify the expression levels and ROC curves of these three target genes, and immunoinvasive analysis, pan-cancer analysis and mRNA-miRNA interaction network analysis were performed.

Conclusion

Three target genes identified by machine learning: BUB1B, CENPF, and PLK1 play key roles in LUAD development of lung adenocarcinoma.
Experimental Study on the Fire Smoke Characteristics of an Insulated Wire Jacket for Indoor Wiring Using a Smoke Density Chamber
Authors: Lee Seonhyo , Jeon Joonho
Published: July 2024

A wire jacket that prevents leakage of electric current flowing through wires is made of polymer composites. The flame spreads widely with a large amount of smoke passing through the wire jacket when a fire occurs. As smoke hinders safe evacuation, it is important to determine the smoke characteristics of the wire jacket for safe evacuation. Therefore, in this study, the specific optical density was measured for 1800 s in the presence and absence of ignition flame under a radiant heat flux of 25 kW/m2 according to the ISO 5659-2 combustion chamber method. From the experimental results, the extinction coefficient and visibility indicating the degree of transmission of light and VOF4 indicating the smoke density characteristics at the beginning of combustion were derived. The experiment was conducted with a wire jacket comprising PVC and a wire jacket comprising XLPE of low-toxicity flame-retardant cross-linked polyolefin. The maximum specific optical density was higher for PVC than for XLPE with and without the ignition flame. Except for the case of XLPE with an ignition flame, the extinction coefficient of the wire jacket was > 3.5 m-1, with a visibility of 0.2-2 m. PVC exhibited a higher maximum specific optical density in the absence of the ignition flame than in the presence of the ignition flame; however, VOF4 was higher in the presence of the ignition flame.
Conservation Agriculture is a Sustainable Approach for Future
Authors: Fayaz Shayista , Kanth Raihana Habib , Singh Parmeet , Baba Zahoor Ahmad
Published: July 2024

Conservation agriculture (CA) embodies a forward-looking and sustainable approach to cultivation. It is characterized by a farming system that prioritizes sustainability through practices such as minimizing soil disturbance, maintaining permanent soil cover, and implementing crop rotations. The overarching goal is to preserve soil health and enhance productivity. This method emphasizes the optimization of natural resources, the reduction of inputs, and the enhancement of nutrient utilization efficiency. The primary focus of this review article around conservation agriculture (CA), characterized by revolutionary practices involving minimal soil disturbance (no-till, NT) and the maintenance of continuous soil cover (mulch). Agriculture heavily relies on cultivation and tillage practices. The review first explores the advantages of conventional cultivation techniques before the introduction of conservation tillage (CT), a method that originated in response to the American dust bowl of the 1930s. Subsequently, the review delves into the benefits of CA, considered an improvement over CT. The incorporation of no-till (NT), mulching, and related innovations significantly enhances soil qualities and various biotic factors within the framework of CA. Nevertheless, the promotion of Conservation Agriculture (CA) technologies encounters several challenges. These include the absence of suitable seeders tailored for small-scale farmers, conflicts between the use of CA and livestock feeding for crop residues, the practice of burning crop residues, a scarcity of skilled manpower, and the challenge of overcoming traditional attitudes towards tillage. Drawbacks of conservation agriculture encompass factors such as limited adoption, insufficient knowledge and skills, reliance on herbicides, and initial investment costs, among others.
A Study on Evolution of Optical Fiber Communication from PDH to SDM Technology
Authors: Choudhury Panchali Datta , De Tanmay
Published: July 2024

In today’s world, long distance communication is a vital part of communication technology. In the field of communication, continuous research is going on for transmission of a greater number of bytes. In this article we discuss the different stages of long-distance communication via optical fiber and we go through the history of optical fiber communication and discuss the different stages of development in the optical fiber communication. This article briefly discusses the following stages of optical fiber communication: i) Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) ii) Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) iii) Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) iv) Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) v) Space Division Multiplexing (SDM).
Sequential Administration of Febuxostat, Amlodipine and Vitamin E Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Improve Spermatogenesis in Testicular Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Wistar Rats
Authors: Ajike Richard Adedamola , Afolabi Oladele Ayobami , Ajayi Ayodeji Folorunsho , Ogunleye Olajumoke Deborah , Saka Waidi Adeoye , Bamidele Olusola , Hezekiah Oluwaseun Samuel
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the effects of sequential administration of febuxostat, amlodipine, and vitamin E on oxidative stress and spermatogenesis following testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury (TIRI) in Wistar rats. Ninety male rats (120-150 g) were divided into 9 groups (n=10 each): sham operation (SO), torsion-detorsion (TD), and seven treatment groups receiving different combinations of the drugs. The treatment groups included torsion + febuxostat + detorsion (TFD), torsion + detorsion + amlodipine (TDA), torsion + detorsion + vitamin E (TDV), and combinations thereof (TFDA, TFDV, TDAV, TFDAV). TIRI was induced by 720° clockwise testicular torsion for 1 hour followed by detorsion. Febuxostat (5 mg/kg) was administered 30 minutes after torsion, amlodipine (2.5 mg/kg) immediately upon detorsion, and vitamin E (10 mg/kg) 30 minutes after detorsion.
Rats were sacrificed 56 days post-reperfusion. Testicular tissue was analyzed for antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), total protein, inflammatory markers (serum nitrite, IL-1β), and spermatogenesis indices (testicular biopsy score, Leydig cell count).
Results showed that TIRI significantly decreased antioxidant enzymes, significantly increased lipid peroxidation and inflammatory markers, and impaired spermatogenesis. In the TD group, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly decreased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly compared to the SO group (p<0.01). Serum nitrite and IL-1β levels in the TD group were also increased (p<0.001). Furthermore, the testicular biopsy score and Leydig cell count in the TD group were significantly decreased in this study (p<0.01).
Sequential administration of febuxostat, amlodipine and vitamin E, particularly when all three were used (TFDAV group), significantly attenuated these changes. In the TFDAV group, SOD and CAT activities were improved, while MDA decreased compared to the TD group (p<0.05). Serum nitrite and IL-1β levels in the TFDAV group were also decreased (p<0.001). In addition, the testicular biopsy score and Leydig cell count in the TFDAV group increased in comparison with the TD group (p<0.001).
The study concludes that this sequential multi-drug approach shows promise in mitigating the long-term detrimental effects of TIRI on testicular function and fertility. The combination of febuxostat (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor), amlodipine (a calcium channel blocker), and vitamin E (an antioxidant) appears to provide protection against oxidative stress and inflammation induced by TIRI, thereby preserving spermatogenesis.
Epidemiology of Canine Ehrlichiosis in Jabalpur Region of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Gupta Rohini , Gupta Devendra Kumar , Singh Brejesh , Agrawal Aditya , Sharma Pratibha , Pathak Salil Kumar , Punia Vikram , Shahi Apra , Kumar Suman , Shrman Kshemankar , Tiwari Amita , Gupta Bhavana
Published: July 2024

Numerous plant and animal species that are either directly or indirectly linked to tick-borne haemo-protozoan infections thrive in the tropical and subtropical climates of the Indian subcontinents. The climate in India is home to the brown dog tick or Rhipicephalus sanguineus, which is a carrier of the canine disease Ehrlichia. The main purpose of the study is to explore the prevalence and their risk factors associated with Canine Ehrlichiosis. For this 422 canines suspected for positive ehrlichiosis was examined through Giemsa stained thin blood smear and out of them 25 canine samples were found positive showed incidence rate of 5.92%. Prevalence of ehrlichiosis was more in summer season when compare in to winter and monsoon which might be due to high activity of tick vectors. Younger and male dogs showed higher prevalence in comparison to older and female canines. The clinical signs were tick infestation (96%), lymphadenopathy (80%), anorexia (76%), pyrexia (72%), anaemia (56%) and pale conjunctival mucous membrane (56%) along with epistaxis, lameness and ocular problem. This study identifies the present scenario and associated risk factors of the disease, which may help to reduce the infection of canine ehrlichiosis.
Perceptions and Awareness of Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana among Insured and Non-insured Farmers in Haryana, India: Enhancing Agricultural Risk Management
Authors: Sheoran Vandana , Punia Meenu , Nimbrayan Parveen Kumar
Published: July 2024

The research paper employed a sample of 600 households from Haryana, comprising 300 insured and 300 non-insured farmers, to ascertain their perceptions regarding crop insurance. Methodologically, the researcher applied tabular analysis alongside elementary statistical techniques such as measures of central tendency and percentages for data examination. The findings revealed a significant lack of awareness among non-insured farmers regarding crop insurance, with nearly half of them being uninformed. Conversely, among insured farmers, the primary motivation for obtaining crop insurance stemmed from either bank compulsion or the pursuit of financial security. Concerns regarding premium rates were evident, with a majority perceiving them to be excessive. Recommendations for the enhancement of customer satisfaction and the promotion of greater farmer participation included the proposition of tailored insurance offerings and the mitigation of concerns pertaining to premium rates
Genotype x Environment Interaction and Stability of Heading Time and Grain Yield of 12 Open Pollinated Sorghum Varieties across Different Agro-ecological Zones in Burkina Faso
Authors: Ouédraogo Nofou , Sawadogo Armel P W , Koala Moustapha , Kouraogo Issouf , Nébié Baloua , Gracen Vernon
Published: July 2024

Sorghum is the most important crop grown in Burkina Faso and is a staple food for millions of people in rural areas. However, sorghum grain production is mainly from local varieties which are low yielding. Introduced exotic varieties were high yielding but low adopted due to bad grain quality for local dishes. Therefore, it is important to popularize new varieties that meet farmer’s needs. We assessed the agronomic performance and stability of 12 sorghum varieties in different agro-ecological zones in Burkina Faso. Studies were conducted in one location (Kamboinse research station) during 2022 and in six locations (Farako-Bâ, Kamboinse, Fada, Sabou, Zoula and Andemtenga) during rainy season 2023. Twelve sorghum varieties including checks (Kapelga, ICSV 1049) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with genotypes as studied factors. Agromorphological parameters along with midge damage and number of Striga plants were collected in all the sites. Genotypes, environments and genotype × environment interactions were significant for heading time and grain yield. The varieties had different heading times and different grain yields within environments and across the six environments. The GGE biplot discriminated the study areas into a unique mega-environment for heading time and three mega-environments for yield potential. The majority of varieties yielded more than the average sorghum yield in sub-Sahara Africa, however low yielding varieties were found in environments affected by biotic and abiotic constraints. Some high yielding varieties (Sariaso 43 = 3960.94 kg/ha, 014-SB-EPDU-1004 = 3681.64kg/ha, Sariaso 42 = 3478,52 kg/ha and Sariaso 39 = 3427.73 Kg/ha) were clearly identified in constraintless mega-environments of Kamboinse and Farako-Ba. In conclusion, the GGE biplot analysis revealed that Sariaso 43 was the best genotype that combined suitable heading time and high grain yield across environments. The best performing genotypes for heading time were Sariaso 39 and PR3009B for grain yield. Identified high yielding varieties will be submitted for released and cultivation in suitable agro climatic areas.
An Overview of the Eurasian Economic Union as an Economic Integration Supranational Organization
Authors: Janet Oyedele Opeoluwa , Chiebuka Amaziroh Queendaline , Oluchi Odike Christabel , Dieunedort Tchomeni
Published: July 2024

The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), founded on May 29, 2014, represents a significant effort to enhance economic growth and prosperity among former Soviet states, notably Kazakhstan, Belarus, and Russia. Tracing its origin from the dissolution of the USSR and the subsequent establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in 1991, the EAEU emerged after overcoming initial challenges faced by the CIS, formalizing its structure in 2015. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the EAEU's historical evolution, institutional framework, and the dynamics of its economic integration. By examining the EAEU's impact on member economies, including achievements like the creation of a unified labour market and increased trade volumes, the study stresses its role in advancing regional economic cooperation. It also addresses persistent challenges such as disparities in energy resources and the union's limited supranational authority. Furthermore, this paper draws comparisons between the EAEU and the European Union (EU), offering perceptions into their differing organizational structures and levels of integration. Through this comparative lens, it elucidates how each union shapes regional dynamics and influences global economic relations.
Exploring Alkali Hydroxide Influence on Calcium Titanate Formation for Application in Biodiesel Catalysts
Authors: Puntharod Ratchadaporn , Onsomsuay Kittikarnkorn , Pookmanee Pusit , Kumchompoo Jaturon
Published: July 2024

Biodiesel has been recognized as the most widely utilized biofuel around the world due to its significant role in reducing the consumption of crude oil and lowering environmental pollution levels. By serving as a renewable alternative to fossil fuels, bioethanol helps decrease greenhouse gas emissions and contributes to a more sustainable energy future. Traditionally, alkali hydroxides like NaOH and KOH have been mainstays in biodiesel synthesis. However, their overuse can lead to unwanted byproducts and operational complexities. Since calcium titanate can occur at a strong base condition, it presents an alternative avenue worth exploring. In this study, we investigate the influence of alkali hydroxides, namely LiOH, NaOH, and KOH, on the formation of calcium titanate through hydrothermal methods, with varying heating times. We aim to understand how different hydroxides affect the synthesis process and the resultant properties of calcium titanate. We delve into the vibrational properties of Ca‒O‒Ti and Ti‒O bonds using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), confirming the presence of calcium titanate (JCPDS No.42-0423) through X-ray diffractometry (XRD). This thorough characterization provides insight into the structural integrity and composition of the synthesized materials. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the intriguing cube-like morphology of calcium titanate, offering visual evidence of its unique structure. The fatty acid methyl ester Iimpressively, our results show that calcium titanate synthesized in 7 M NaOH and KOH solutions, heated for 24 hours, emerges as a promising biodiesel catalyst. We observe fatty acid methyl ester provides the percentages of 63.67% and 90.02%, respectively, indicating the catalytic efficacy of these materials in biodiesel production. These findings not only contribute to the understanding of calcium titanate synthesis but also pave the way for a sustainable future in biodiesel production by introducing efficient and eco-friendly catalysts.
Changes in global ocean wave heights as projected using multimodel CMIP5 simulations
Authors: Wang Xiaolan L. , Feng Yang , Swail Val R.
Published: January 2014

Ocean surface waves can be major hazards in coastal and offshore activities. However, there exists very limited information on ocean wave behavior in response to climate change, because such information is not simulated in current global climate models. This study made statistical projections of changes in ocean wave heights using sea level pressure (SLP) information from 20 CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) global climate models for the 21st century. The results show significant wave height increases in the tropics (especially in the eastern tropical Pacific) and in Southern Hemisphere high latitudes (south of 45°S). Under the projected 2070–2099 climate condition of the rising high concentration pathway—the RCP8.5 scenario, the occurrence frequency of the present‐day one in 10 year extreme wave heights is likely to double or triple in several coastal regions around the world. These wave height increases are primarily driven by increased SLP gradients and hence increased surface wind energy.
Deep long‐period earthquakes west of the volcanic arc in Oregon: Evidence of serpentine dehydration in the fore‐arc mantle wedge
Authors: Vidale J. E. , Schmidt D. A. , Malone S. D. , Hotovec‐Ellis A. J. , Moran S. C. , Creager K. C. , Houston H.
Published: January 2014

Here we report on deep long‐period earthquakes (DLPs) newly observed in four places in western Oregon. The DLPs are noteworthy for their location within the subduction fore arc: 40–80 km west of the volcanic arc, well above the slab, and near the Moho. These “offset DLPs” occur near the top of the inferred stagnant mantle wedge, which is likely to be serpentinized and cold. The lack of fore‐arc DLPs elsewhere along the arc suggests that localized heating may be dehydrating the serpentinized mantle wedge at these latitudes and causing DLPs by dehydration embrittlement. Higher heat flow in this region could be introduced by anomalously hot mantle, associated with the western migration of volcanism across the High Lava Plains of eastern Oregon, entrained in the corner flow proximal to the mantle wedge. Alternatively, fluids rising from the subducting slab through the mantle wedge may be the source of offset DLPs. As far as we know, these are among the first DLPs to be observed in the fore arc of a subduction‐zone system.
Interaction of magnetic reconnection and Kelvin‐Helmholtz modes for large magnetic shear: 1. Kelvin‐Helmholtz trigger
Authors: Ma Xuanye , Otto Antonius , Delamere Peter A.
Published: January 2014

At the Earth's magnetopause, both magnetic reconnection and the Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) instability can operate simultaneously for southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions. The dynamic evolution of such a system can be expected to depend on the importance of KH wave evolution versus reconnection and therefore on the respective initial perturbations. In this study, a series of local three‐dimensional MHD and Hall MHD simulations are carried out to investigate the situation where the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability is initially the primary process. It is demonstrated that magnetic reconnection is driven and strongly modified by nonlinear KH waves. The highest reconnection rate is close to the Petschek rate, but the total open flux is limited by the size of the nonlinear KH wave. Most of the total open magnetic flux has no flux rope structure and originates from reconnection at thin current layers which connect adjacent vortices. In contrast, complex flux ropes generated by patchy reconnection within the KH vortices dominate the vicinity of the equatorial plane; however, the associated open flux with flux ropes is a minor contribution to the total open flux. Although the presence of Hall physics leads to a fast early increase of the reconnection rate, the maximum reconnection rate and the total amount of open magnetic flux at saturation are the same as in the MHD case.
Radial diffusion comparing a THEMIS statistical model with geosynchronous measurements as input
Authors: Li Zhao , Hudson Mary , Chen Yue
Published: January 2014

The outer boundary energetic electron flux is used as a driver in radial diffusion calculations, and its precise determination is critical to the solution. A new model was proposed recently based on Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) measurements to express the boundary flux as three fit functions of solar wind parameters in a response window that depend on energy and which solar wind parameter is used: speed, density, or both. The Dartmouth radial diffusion model has been run using Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) geosynchronous satellite measurements as the constraint for a one‐month interval in July to August 2004, and the calculated phase space density (PSD) is compared with GPS measurements, at magnetic equatorial plane crossings, as a test of the model. We also used the PSD generated from the Shin and Lee model as constraint and examined it by computing the error relative to the LANL geosynchronous spacecraft data‐driven run. The calculation shows that there is overestimation and underestimation at different times; however, the direct insertion of the statistical model can be used to drive the radial diffusion model generally, producing the phase space density dropout and increase during a storm. Having this model based on a solar wind parameterized data set, we can run the radial diffusion model for storms when particle measurements are not available as input. We chose the Whole Heliosphere Interval as an example and compared the result with MHD/test‐particle simulations, obtaining better agreement with GPS measurement using the diffusion model, which incorporates atmospheric losses and an initial equilibrium radial profile.
Orographic effects on snow deposition patterns in mountainous terrain
Authors: Mott R. , Scipión D. , Schneebeli M. , Dawes N. , Berne A. , Lehning M.
Published: January 2014

Orographic lifting of air masses and other topographically modified flows induce cloud and precipitation formation at larger scales and preferential deposition of precipitation at smaller scales. In this study, we examine orographic effects on small‐scale snowfall patterns in Alpine terrain. A polarimetric X‐band radar was deployed in the area of Davos (Switzerland) to determine the spatial variability of precipitation. In order to relate measured precipitation fields to flow dynamics, we model flow fields with the atmospheric prediction model “Advanced Regional Prediction System.” Additionally, we compare radar reflectivity fields with snow accumulation at the surface as modeled by Alpine3D. We investigate the small‐scale precipitation dynamics for one heavy snowfall event in March 2011 at a high resolution of 75 m. The analysis of the vertical and horizontal distribution of radar reflectivity at horizontal polarization and differential reflectivity shows polarimetric signatures of orographic snowfall enhancement near the summit region. Increasing radar reflectivity at horizontal polarization over the windward slopes toward the crest and downwind decreasing reflectivity over the leeward slopes is observed. The temporal variation of the location of maximum concentration of snow particles is partly attributed to the effect of preferential deposition of snowfall: For situations with strong horizontal winds, the concentration maximum is shifted from the ridge crest toward the leeward slopes. Qualitatively, we discuss the relative role of cloud microphysics such as the seeder‐feeder mechanism versus atmospheric particle transport in generating the observed snow deposition at the ground.
Local partitioning of the overturning circulation in the tropics and the connection to the Hadley and Walker circulations
Authors: Schwendike Juliane , Govekar Pallavi , Reeder Michael J. , Wardle Richard , Berry Gareth J. , Jakob Christian
Published: January 2014

Conceptually, it is useful to partition the three‐dimensional tropical circulation into meridional and zonal components, namely, the Hadley and Walker circulations. The averaging involved in their definitions can introduce ambiguities. These problems can be circumvented by first partitioning the total vertical mass flux into components associated with overturning in the meridional and zonal directions, respectively, called here the local Hadley and local Walker circulations. Defining the local Hadley and local Walker circulations this way ensures the pair of two‐dimensional overturning circulations can be added to give the original three‐dimensional circulation, even when the averages are taken over limited domains. The method is applied to the vertical motion from the ERA‐Interim reanalysis for the period 1979 to 2009. One important result is that the local Hadley circulation responds much more strongly to ENSO than the local Walker circulation, even though the local Walker circulation in the central Pacific weakens during El Niño years and strengthens and widens during La Niña years.
Measuring Greenhouse Gas Emissions From China's Reservoirs
Authors: Yang Le , Lu Fei , Wang Xiaoke
Published: January 2014

Hydroelectricity has typically been regarded as a green energy source, but reservoirs created for its generation emit greenhouse gases (GHGs) just as natural lakes and rivers do. The role of reservoirs in GHG emissions has been overlooked. Substantial amounts of methane (CH4) are emitted from reservoir surfaces every year, which account for about 20% of the total CH4 emission from inland waters. GHG emissions (transferred into carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents) from some tropical reservoirs even exceed CO2 emissions from thermal power plants if the same amount of electricity is generated.
Improving Forecasts for Water Management
Authors: Arumugam Sankar , Wood Andy , Rajagopalan Balaji , Schaake John
Published: January 2014

Recent advances in seasonal to interannual hydroclimate predictions provide an opportunity for developing a proactive approach toward water management. This motivated a recent AGU Chapman Conference (see program details at http://chapman.agu.org/watermanagement/). Approximately 85 participants from the United States, Oceania, Asia, Europe, and South America presented and discussed the current state of successes, challenges, and opportunities in seasonal to interannual hydroclimate forecasts and water management, and a number of key messages emerged.
Raymond G. Roble Receives 2013 William Bowie Medal: Citation
Authors: Brasseur Guy
Published: January 2014

The accomplishments of Dr. Raymond G. Roble in the area of upper atmospheric physics, chemistry, and dynamics have revolutionized the field and have produced significant impacts on other areas, including planetary atmospheres and atmospheric electricity. Ray embodies the imperative of unselfish cooperation in research.