bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crisis Readiness: Revisiting the Distance Framework During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Caldeira Clara , Souza Cleidson R. B. de , Machado Letícia , Perin Marcelo , Bjørn Pernille
Published: May 2023

Embora os pesquisadores do CSCW tenham estudado a colaboração à distância por mais de duas décadas, a escala e o contexto do trabalho distribuído geograficamente durante a pandemia não têm precedentes. Trabalhar em casa como configuração padrão durante a pandemia do COVID-19 oferece uma oportunidade única para a pesquisa do CSCW explorar e desenvolver novos entendimentos sobre o que envolve otrabalho colaborativo distribuído durante uma crise global. Neste artigo, revisitamos o framework de distância, originalmente desenvolvido por Olson e Olson em 2000, por meio de dados empíricos coletados durante os momentos críticos em que a pandemia do COVID-19 foi declarado e o mundo fechou: ou seja, março de 2020. Usamos os dados para interrogar o framework da distância e ampliar uma nova dimensão - Crisis Readiness. Nossa contribuição para a pesquisa CSCW é uma revisita ao framework de distância, que demonstra que, para o trabalho distribuído geograficamente ser bem-sucedido durante uma crise global, os atores em cooperação precisam alcançar um senso de entendimento comum, envolver-se em diferentes tipos de acoplamento de trabalho, estar pronto para a colaboração e o uso de tecnologias de colaboração – e, por último, trabalhe em uma organização que demonstre prontidão para crises.
Repressão à Criminalidade com o uso de Computação Cognitiva: Classificação de Urgência, Severidade e Relevância de Denúncias
Authors: Costa Alexandre Filgueiras , da Motta Claudia Lage Rebello
Published: May 2023

O Disque Denúncia (DD) é um serviço telefônico de recebimento de denúncias anônimas sobre práticas criminosas, desenvolvemos uma plataforma colaborativa para complementar o atendimento do DD à população do Rio de Janeiro oferecendo um novo canal de coleta de denúncias, a DORA, uma assistente virtual (AV) especialista em coletar denúncias. O foco desta pesquisa é a classificação das denúncias captadas, em três dimensões: Urgência, Severidade e Relevância, que têm como objetivo validar e aprimorar a difusão da denúncia para o órgão responsável com a acurácia e celeridade necessária.
Die ärztliche Schweigepflicht als verfassungsrechtliche Schutzpflicht im Spannungsverhältnis zum Schutz der Allgemeinheit vor Patienten mit Fremdschädigungspotenzial in sensiblen Berufen
Authors: Klein Theresia
Published: May 2023

This thesis takes the crash of a Germanwings plane in 2015, which was caused by the mentally ill co-pilot, as an opportunity to question whether medical confidentiality and its limits need to be redefined with regard to members of so-called sensitive professions. In doing so, the examination focuses on the interplay of constitutional, medical, and criminal law, as well as practical requirements. On this basis, the author develops the proposal to introduce a general obligation of the physician to transmit certificates of incapacity for work of members of sensitive professions to the employer via the health insurance carrier in order to strengthen the protection of the general public against third-party damages.
Krisendeutungen
Authors: Scheufele Bertram , Jost Arietta , Spachmann Klaus
Published: May 2023

Is there a crisis of public service broadcasting? This book views public service broadcasting rather prosaically as a research object. After systematising different approaches to public service broadcasting in communication science, the authors define their concept of a crisis interpretation and study empirically which typical crisis interpretations are prevalent in the current media debate on public service broadcasting. Finally, the authors discuss the mindsets and the calls for action in relation to these crisis interpretations as well as their shortcomings. This book is intended to contribute to an unbiased analysis of public service broadcasting.
Assessment of Urban Biodiversity: A Case Study of Beijing City, China
Authors: Xiao Nengwen , Sun Xiaoxuan , Liu Gaohui , Li Hui
Published: May 2023

Habitat loss is the most important factor affecting biodiversity. Beijing is an international metropolis with rich biodiversity. With the development of urbanization, biodiversity has been affected to a certain extent in Beijing City. We investigated plant communities in three green land types, parks, residential areas, and roads along an urbanization gradient in the Beijing urban area (inner 6th ring road). Species composition, similarity index, and diversity of plants in urban areas were calculated. The results showed 536 species, belonging to 103 families, and 319 genera in the Beijing urban area. Among them, there were 361 native species and 175 imported species. Eighty species were imported from abroad and 95 species from inland, namely 14.9% and 17.7% of the total species, respectively. The species richness and diversity of trees and shrubs first increased and then decreased along the urbanization gradients, with the decreasing trend from the inner 2nd ring road and the increasing trend from the 3rd–4th ring road. No significant difference was found along the urbanization gradient for herbaceous plants. There were no significant differences in species evenness along the urbanization gradient.
Toward an Instrumented Strength Microprobe – Origins of the Oliver-Pharr Method and Continued Advancements in Nanoindentation: Part 1
Authors: C. Sousa Bryer , Hay Jennifer , L. Cote Danielle
Published: May 2023

Sub-micron instrumented indentation testing and standardized nanoindentation testing systems have become commonplace within the materials engineering community. Though commonly utilized for mechanical characterization, general appreciation and understanding of the governing theory, formulations and best practices underpinning modern nanoindentation systems appears to remain relatively elusive to the general materials science and engineering community as well as nanoindentation practitioners using such systems for mechanical assessment. Accordingly, the present chapter details how nanoindentation methods emerged and how the Oliver-Pharr method of nanoindentation testing and analysis was constructed and refined to yield theoretically consistent and readily implementable attributes for probing small-scale mechanical properties via microscopy free indentation testing.
Root and Tuber Crops: An Underexploited Source of Pectin and Future Prospects
Authors: R. Okereke Nneka , K. Nkere Chukwuemeka
Published: May 2023

Starchy root and tuber crops are important global sources of carbohydrates with potentials to lift millions of people out of poverty across developing countries. The billion dollar pectin market which relies heavily on pectin isolated from fruits provides ample opportunities for non-conventional sources from the root and tuber food group. Pectins are abundant in higher plants and poses varying properties that can be used across industries including the food, the health and pharmaceutical sector, and in packaging regimes. We review current research into the isolation, modification, characterization and application of pectin sourced from root and tubers and explore the implications for an under-explored market in Africa. Despite the limited research conducted on root and tuber pectin, Citric acid used in the solvent method has shown to be a promising method of extraction, producing high pectin yields with industrial and pharmaceutical properties.
Labor Induction
Authors: W. Arage Mulugeta
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Induction of labor is the process of artificially stimulating uterine contraction after the fetus has reached viability and before the spontaneous onset of labor for accomplishing vaginal delivery. It is a common obstetric procedure that is primarily indicated in the presence of complications that put continuing of pregnancy at risk. Its global rate is around 20% with great variation across regions. The most common indications are: postterm pregnancy, hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, pre-labor rupture of membrane, intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine fetal death, abruption placenta, fetal congenital anomalies, and other medical disorders. Despite its huge significance in preventing neonatal and maternal mortality and morbidity, induction of labor by itself has its own risks and complications compared to spontaneous labor, including a potential of failure to progress, leading to cesarean birth and its complications. When deciding undertaking induction of labor and after fulfilling the requirements for induction, the next step will be deciding which methods will be used to achieve it. Induction could be done medically, surgically, or both depending on the indication and other conditions.
Neurotoxin Decontamination
Authors: Ye Dongmei , Rempe Susan
Published: May 2023

Nerve agents are a group of organophosphorus (OP) compounds that are potent neurotoxins used as chemical warfare agents and insecticides. Current medical countermeasures, including atropine and oxime-based reactivators, target the down-stream pathways inhibited by OP agents and cannot effectively eliminate OP agents. In contrast, organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) is a bacterial enzyme that can detoxify a wide range of OP agents. The advantage of OPH over oxime-based treatment is rapid hydrolysis of these agents in the circulatory system. Kinetic properties of OPH from various bacteria have been studied by others. Substrate binding affinity ranges between 200 μM and 2.5 mM, well above lethal levels. To improve OPH mutant screening capability, we optimized a cell-free protein synthesis system to express active OPH variants rapidly and conduct kinetic measurements. We also tested the hypothesis that active site mutations using only natural amino acids restrict the development of OPH variants with binding affinities close to nerve agent lethal levels (a few μM). Our work resulted in a suite of OPH variants that incorporated selected unnatural amino acids into OPH, with mutations targeted for the first time to both active and allosteric binding sites. Kinetic studies of those mutants show significantly improved OPH substrate binding affinity.
A Study on Numerical Solution of Fractional Order microRNA in Lung Cancer
Authors: Baba Abdullahi Mohammed , Sule Amiru
Published: May 2023

The foremost cause of death resulting from cancer is lung cancer. From the statistics, 2.09 million new cases and 1.7 million deaths from lung cancer were estimated. In this chapter, the analytical solution of the concerned model was studied with help of the Laplace-Adomian Decomposition Method. To obtain the model’s numerical scheme of fractional differential equations, the Caputo fractional derivative operator of order α∈01 is used. To find an approximate solution to a system of nonlinear fractional differential equations, the Laplace-Adomian Decomposition Method is used. Numerical simulations are presented to show the method’s reliability and simplicity.
Pulmonary Issues in Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Kant Pandey Vijay , Anil Prabhudesai Aaditya , Gupta Subhash
Published: May 2023

Pulmonary complications are important cause for high incidence of mortality in chronic liver disease patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Up to 50–70% of patients report shortness of breath, reflecting the high prevalence of respiratory failure, defined as an arterial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) of less than 60 mm Hg. The causes of respiratory failure are multifactorial in chronic liver disease. Although much attention is given to the pathologies of pulmonary microcirculation (i.e., portopulmonary hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome), these specific conditions are found in <20% of cirrhotic patients. The impact of liver disease on respiratory function extends far beyond these two specific conditions and include micro-aspirations associated with hepatic encephalopathy, fluid overload, hepatic hydrothorax, and basal atelectasis and restriction due to large ascites. The impact of altered bile-acid composition induces a shift in the gut microbiome and this may shed a new light on the molecular basis for the ‘gut–liver–lung axis’ as the driver for multiple organ failure. This chapter focuses on current evidence surrounding the prevalence, management, and complications from various etiologies of respiratory insufficiency in end-stage liver disease patients.
Machine Perfusion Strategies in Liver and Renal Transplantation
Authors: Vasileiadou Stella , Antoniadis Nikolaos , Kofinas Athanasios , Karakasi Konstantina-Eleni , Katsanos Georgios , Tsoulfas Georgios
Published: May 2023

Transplantation is the only treatment for patients with end-stage renal and hepatic disease but unfortunately, it is limited worldwide due to the organ shortage. The need to expand the donor pool with the use of donors after cardiac death (DCD) and extended criteria donors (ECD) has led to major improvements in organ preservation. From cold static storage and preservation solutions to different types of machine perfusion, the possibility of successfully transplanting a marginal organ becomes reality. In this chapter, we examine the machine perfusion methods and the advantages of new technology in minimizing ischemic injury and improving the transplant outcome. Τhe establishment of protocols with the use of biomarkers in order to assess the transplant suitability of the graft will eventually provide the ideal opportunity to intervene and improve the quality of the organ.
IoT Device Identification Using Device Fingerprint and Deep Learning
Authors: Baral Prashant , Yang Ning , Weng Ning
Published: May 2023

The foundation of security in IoT devices lies in their identity. However, traditional identification parameters, such as MAC address, IP address, and IMEI, are vulnerable to sniffing and spoofing attacks. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel approach using device fingerprinting and deep learning for device identification. Device fingerprinting is generated by analyzing inter-arrival time (IAT), round trip time (RTT), or IAT/RTT outliers of packets used for communication in networks. We trained deep learning models, namely convolutional neural network (CNN) and CNN + LSTM (long short-term memory), using device fingerprints generated from TCP, UDP, ICMP packet types, ICMP packet type, and their outliers. Our results show that the CNN model performs better than the CNN + LSTM model. Specifically, the CNN model achieves an accuracy of 0.97 using the IAT device fingerprint of ICMP packet type, and 0.9648 using the IAT outlier device fingerprint of ICMP packet type on a publicly available dataset from the crawdad repository.
Stem Cell Therapy and Its Products Such as Exosomes: Modern Regenerative Medicine Approach
Authors: Dehghani Leila , Hossein Kheirkhah Amir , Jalili Arsalan , Saadati Partan Arman , Nikukar Habib , Sadeghian-Nodoushan Fatemeh
Published: May 2023

Regenerative Medicine is a developing and multidisciplinary field of science that uses tissue engineering, biology, and cell or cell-free therapy to regenerate cells, tissues, and organs to restore their impaired or lost function. Regenerative medicine uses a new element linked to stem cells, which call exosomes, introduces it to the healthcare market. Exosomes are present in almost all body fluids, such as synovial fluid and blood. Exosomes and microvesicles are very efficient mediators of cell-to-cell communication by transferring their specific cargo to recipient cells. Furthermore, the modification of extracellular vesicles is possible that can become an excellent choice for drug delivery systems and vaccines. Isolation of exosomes for their use as therapeutic, research, or diagnostic agents for a specific type of disease is of particular importance. Five techniques have been used to isolate exosomes from different sources, including ultracentrifugation-based, size-based, immunoassay, exosome sedimentation, and microfluidic techniques. The use of exosomes in medicine has many applications, including in Bone and cartilage, dental, immune system, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, nervous, heart systems, skin and wound, microbial and infectious, and also in cancers. This chapter focuses on stem cells, especially exosomes, as novel approaches in disease treatment and regenerative medicine.
Non-invasive Electrical Source Imaging for Localizing Epileptiform Discharges in Children with Focal Epilepsy Based on Developing Country’s Limitations
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Irandoost Soheil , Badv Reza Shervin , Oghabian Mohammad Ali , Yarali Bahram , Azizi Malamiri Reza , Hashemi Hasan , Raminfard Samira , Ebrahimi Tayyebeh , Mohammadi Mahmoud , Ashrafi Mahmoud Reza
Published: May 2023

Background: Preliminary studies have shown that electrical source imaging (ESI) has numerous advantages for the pre-surgical evaluation of epileptic patients. However, the role of ESI for children with non-lesional drug resistance in focal epilepsy has been poorly characterized. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate this issue according to interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and constraints in developing countries. Methods: The present study used long-term video electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring (LTM) data that were recorded using the standard 19 scalp electrodes (10 - 20 system) and 3 tesla T1 image data. Accordingly, first, IEDs were clustered and then assessed by an epileptologist. Afterward, some operations were conducted that included EEG inverse problem solving with three known methods, namely brain electrical source analysis (BESA) with the individual head model, cortical classical LORETA analysis recursively analysis (CLARA) with the individual head model, and BESA with the age template head model. Seven children were processed in this project. Results: In most cases (n = 5, 71%), the seizure onset zone (SOZ) was the same in the LTM report and the present proposed methodology. Moreover, this study succeeded in localizing the region of the predicted SOZ. Conclusions: According to limitations in a developing country, for the configuration of multi-modal studies (e.g., 3T magnetic resonance imaging, LTM, and ESI) with a specific and valuable protocol, this investigation defined a pilot study with a 7 data sample for the first step. These findings, based on the small sample size, suggest that ESI based on combining ensemble methods improves information for children with focal drug-resistant epilepsy. It is hoped that future studies with large sample sizes show the role of ESI in developing countries more than before.
Multicultural Education as an Alternative to Countering Radicalism in the Era of Globalization: Thoughts of Prof Muhammad Tholchah Hasan
Authors: Rahma Fina , Sabiq Fairuz
Published: May 2023

This research discusses multicultural education as an alternative to counter radicalism in the era of globalization based on the ideas of Prof. Mohammad Tolchah Hasan. This study aims to explore Prof. Mohammad Tolchah Hasan's ideas and identify multicultural education concepts that can be a solution to counter radicalism in the era of globalization. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method by analyzing Prof. Hasan Mohammad Tolchah Hasan's writings and related literature. The results show that Prof. Mohammad Tolchah Hasan emphasizes the importance of multicultural education as a solution to counter radicalism in the era of globalization. Prof. Mohammad Tolchah Hasan emphasized multicultural education concepts, including understanding differences, respecting diversity, and strengthening national identity. In addition, multicultural education can enhance critical thinking skills, tolerance, and empathy. However, implementing multicultural education in Indonesia still needs to overcome various obstacles, such as a lack of support from the government and society and problems in the curriculum and teaching. Therefore, joint efforts from the government, educational institutions, and society are needed to strengthen the implementation of multicultural education as an alternative to counter radicalism in the era of globalization.
'Tone' and assessing writing: applying Bernstein and Halliday to the problem of implicit value assumptions in test constructs
Authors:   The University of Adelaide, Motteram Johanna
Published: May 2023

The value assumptions of language test constructs are inherently difficult to identify. While language test scoring descriptors refer to concepts such as tone and appropriateness, the role of socially determined value assumptions in written language assessment has not been adequately modelled or discussed. This paper presents a framework to link the results of analysis of written test scripts with the value assumptions of the pedagogic discourse of the test.
Kunnan, A. J. (Ed.) Talking about language assessment: The LAQ interviews
Authors:   University of Melbourne, Gruba Paul
Published: May 2023

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Application of Prototype Method In System Design Integrated Database to Support Training Food and Nutrition Field at SEAMEO RECFON
Authors: Dodi Suswandi  , Ivan Hanfi  , Muhammad Yusro
Published: May 2023

This study discusses the application of the prototype method in the design of an integrated database system to support training in the field of food and nutrition. The case study used in this research is SEAMEO RECFON Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Center for Food and Nutrition (SEAMEO RECFON), which is an inter-ministerial organization of education in Southeast Asia in the field of food and nutrition. The research carried out is adjusted to the business processes  running  at SEAMEO RECFON,  as  well as according to ongoing events with current conditions. Researchers used a descriptive method in this study. The selected development method is the prototype method. The application of the prototype method makes it easier to design research that aims to describe and explain objects based on existing conditions. In the prototype research method, there is a prototyping section which makes it easier for researchers to make the necessary designs. This study aims to produce an integrated database system design. Based on the research results, this system has been successfully designed as expected so that the prototype that has been made can be used as a basis for continuing work on the system to be made. The results of this design can be used as a blueprint or documentation for the organization with the hope that later it can be used as literature to develop a database system to support training in the field of food and nutrition and all future program activities.
The Level of Anxiety of Pregnant Women and Postpartum Mothers During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Kejapan Sub-District
Authors: Aprilya Tunggo Dewi  , Ety Diana Sulistyawati
Published: May 2023

COVID-19 has an impact on people's welfare, it can be a psychological problem for pregnant women and postpartum mothers, one of which is anxiety. The purpose of this study was to determine the picture of the anxiety level of pregnant women and postpartum mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research design is descriptive research. The samples were 28 pregnant women and 23 postpartum mothers in Kejapanan sub-district using cluster sampling technique. The instrument used is the perinatal anxiety screening scale (PASS). The results obtained were pregnant women and postpartum mothers in Kecmatan Kejapanan, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority experienced anxiety on a mild-moderate scale.
The History of Development of the Northern Urals in Cartography and Toponymy of the Shchugor River
Authors:   «Yugid va» National Park (Russia, Vuktyl), Belyaev Andrey G. , Shubnitsina Elena I. ,   «Yugid va» National Park (Russia, Vuktyl)
Published: May 2023

The nomadic peoples of the Ural North have left very few material traces of their stay. However, a wealth of information has been preserved in cartographic sources, including toponymy. The article shows the dynamics of the development and exploring of the Pripechorye region by different peoples, using the example of the Shchugor River, the Pechora tributary. A brief overview of hybrid toponyms is given: Nenets-Mansi, Komi-Mansi, containing valuable information about the history of the development of this area. The general characteristics of the area — geographical, historical, ethnographic — are presented. Studies of the historical and cultural heritage of the region are largely based on cartographic sources. The history of research and development of the Pripechorye region, reflected in the maps, is considered on the example of the Shchugor River: the appearance of the river and its tributaries on the main European and Russian maps, the transformation of their names. Special attention is paid to the «trans-stone» path through the Urals along Shchugor. The material is illustrated with 12 drawings, including 9 maps.
Composing Retrospective Climatic Maps of the Regional Level Based on Monitoring Data from the 19th Century on the Example of Crimea as Part of the Russian Empire
Authors:   Institute of History and Archeology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Avilova Anna S.
Published: May 2023

The article’s main topic is the ways of compiling retrospective (historically oriented) climate maps based on the monitoring data of meteorological stations of the 19th - early 20th centuries. To solve the problem, the author provides a review of sources that contain data on the climate of the Russian Empire in the 19th century. First of all, these are monitoring tables with various indicators: local temperature, precipitation and other information. The complexity of working with these sources and their poor demand in modern historiography are indicated. In view of the importance of climate in studying the development of a territory, its factor must be taken into account when studying various processes; hence, the need arises for the composition of original retrospective climate maps based on the data available from the sources. As a reference material, data on the climate of the Taurida province are used, on the basis of which maps of the average temperatures of January and July in the territory of Crimea were compiled. Due to the uneven distribution of monitoring stations on the peninsula, the author describes the course of his actions in calculating the temperature gradient and establishing temperature values at additional points. This makes it possible to compose isotherm maps. In these calculations, an important role belongs to the relief, which is especially important for the specifics of the Crimean region. The author also points out other factors in the formation of air temperature, including the role of water masses as a solar heat accumulator. Further actions are outlined for the construction of precipitation maps and the use of a set of climatic maps in historical and geographical research.
Chusovoy Urban District in the Territorial System of the Perm Krai: Historical and Geographical Analysis
Authors:   Perm State University, Luchnikov Andrei S. , Rudakova Irina S. ,   Secondary Educational School № 3 (Russia, Perm)
Published: May 2023

Chusovoy urban district of the Perm Krai is one of the central municipalities in the east of the region, within the so-called Gornozavodsky Prikamye. At present, the city and the territories adjacent to it are included in the official list of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation as a single-industry settlement with a difficult socio-economic situation. One of the reasons for this situation was the reduction in the activity of the city-forming functions, associated with the lack of a diversified urban economy and the creation of a negative image of the city. Based on the historical-genetic approach and the identification of the main factors (driving reasons), the article characterizes five stages of the socio-economic development of the Chusovoy lands and the city of Chusovoy as a part of the territorial system of the Perm Krai. The most important events and decisions that have become a turning point in the history of the development of the territories between the Chusovaya and Us’va rivers are indicated. It is determined that consideration of the functions characteristic of the city in the past will help to substantiate the promising directions of its development in the future. When considering the current stage of development of the district, special attention is paid to the implementation of the concept of a new industrial policy, which implies the modernization of traditional functions for the urban economy, the emergence of new types of activities (as part of stimulating small and medium businesses) and post-industrialization, i.e. active use of the historical and industrial heritage of Chusovoy for the development of the tourist and recreational sphere and other modern service activities.
Peran Guru PAI dalam Meningkatkan Kedisiplinan Siswa Melaksanakan Salat Berjamaah di SMKN 1 Hiliran Gumanti
Authors: Zakia Yulita , Murniyetti Murniyetti
Published: May 2023

This research is motivated by the current reality in which there are many negligence among teenagers in carrying out prayer services. Therefore, schools must have the habit of praying in congregation, so that the younger generation instills good habits from an early age. This study focused on the role of Islamic Religious Education teachers in increasing the discipline of students in carrying out congregational midday prayers at SMKN 1 Hiliran Gumanti with the following problem formulation: 1) The role of Islamic Religious Education teachers in increasing the discipline of students carrying out congregational prayers at SMKN 1 Hiliran Gumanti 2) Factors supporting and inhibiting factors of Islamic religious education teachers in increasing the discipline of students in carrying out congregational prayers. To achieve this goal using qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. This research was conducted at SMKN 1 Hiliran Gumanti. Data collection techniques used are observation, documentation and interviews. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The role of the Islamic Religious Education teacher is to provide good examples and examples to students, through habit, giving advice and also giving punishment to students who are not disciplined in carrying out midday prayers in congregation (2) Supporting factors for teachers Islamic Religious Education in disciplining congregational midday prayers, namely the existence of good cooperation between Islamic religious education teachers and other teachers, and the existence of school policies. And the inhibiting factors for Islamic Religious Education teachers in disciplining congregational midday prayers are inadequate ablution facilities, inadequate prayer rooms, frequent water problems and lack of awareness of students to carry out congregational midday prayers.
Hai kiểu ứng xử của người Hàn di cư trong tiểu thuyết Pachinko của Min Jin Lee
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Tuyết
Published: May 2023

Pachinko là cuốn tiểu thuyết lịch sử về một bộ phận thiểu số người Hàn di cư trên đất Nhật từ đầu thế kỷ XX. Cộng đồng thiểu số ấy đã bị lịch sử lãng quên, nhưng bằng sự kiên trì, nỗ lực xây dựng bản sắc, họ đã viết lên lịch sử của chính mình. Trước sức mạnh bá quyền của đế quốc Nhật, người Hàn di cư liên tục đấu tranh để sinh tồn. Hai kiểu ứng xử phổ biến nhất là thỏa hiệp và kháng cự, tùy vào hoàn cảnh cụ thể mà họ đưa ra những lựu chọn tốt nhất. Những lựa chọn ấy không chỉ thể hiện bản sắc của mỗi cá nhân mà còn là nét đẹp nhân sinh cao cả mà thế hệ trước muốn trao truyền lại cho thế hệ sau. Min Jin Lee, với cảm quan của một người Hàn di cư, đã viết về những hoàn cảnh khắc nghiệt và những vẻ đẹp tâm hồn ấy, hòa trong âm hưởng sử thi và sự giản dị đời thường.
Áp dụng lý thuyết nhóm quy chiếu của Peter L. Berger trong việc giải thích hiện tượng cải đạo
Authors: Nguyễn Duy Hải
Published: May 2023

Tôn giáo là một thực thể khách quan của của lịch sử loài người, là một nhu cầu về văn hóa tinh thần của cá nhân, cộng đồng xã hội, vừa có tính lịch sử vừa có tính xã hội đa dạng và phức tạp. Trong đó hiện tượng cải đạo được xem là một trong những chỉ báo nói lên tính đa dạng và phức tạp của tôn giáo, cho nên nó cần được nghiên cứu. Bằng phương pháp tổng quan tài liệu và áp dụng lý thuyết nhóm quy chiếu của Peter L. Berger, nghiên cứu này cho thấy tín đồ rời bỏ tôn giáo trước đây để gia nhập vào tôn giáo mới chính là hệ quả gắn bó về mặt tri nhận.
Bütçe Hakkı ve Demokrasi: OECD Ülkelerinden Ampirik Bulgular
Authors: Yürükoğlu Buse , Kırcı Çevik Nüket
Published: May 2023

Bütçe hakkı, kamu mali kararları olan gider ve gelirlerin belirlenmesinde halkın söz sahibi olması anlamına gelmektedir. Bu bağlamda bütçe hakkının varlığı ve etkin işlemesi bir ülkedeki millet iradesinin kesin bir şekilde ifadesi olmaktadır. Demokrasi ise mali kararlarda dahil olmak üzere egemenliğin halka ait olduğu bir yönetim biçimidir. Tarihi süreçte bütçe hakkı geliştikçe demokrasiler de gelişme göstermiştir. Bütçe hakkı uzun yıllardır halk adına, halkın seçtiği temsilciler tarafından kullanılmaktadır. Ancak temsili demokrasinin krizde olduğu dönemlerde bütçe hakkının kullanımı zedelenmektedir. Bu çalışma ilgili literatür ışığında demokrasi ve bütçe hakkının birbiriyle ilişkili ve birbirini tamamlayan süreçleri ifade ettiğini savunmaktadır. Demokratik değerlerin artması bütçe hakkının tesisini ve kullanımını kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bütçe hakkının kullanılamadığı bir ortamda demokrasi açığı olduğu düşüncesinden yola çıkılarak bütçe hakkının nasıl geliştirilebileceği sorusuna demokrasi boyutunda cevap aranmaktadır. Demokrasinin öngördüğü temel ilkelerle bağlantılı olan ve bütçe hakkını güçlendiren şeffaflık, katılım ve hesap verebilirliğin hayata geçirilmesinin hem demokratik yapıyı güçlendirdiği hem bütçe hakkının kullanımını kolaylaştırdığına dair kanıtlar sağlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, demokratik değerlerin bütçe hakkı üzerindeki etkisi ampirik bir analiz aracılığıyla incelenmiştir. OECD üyesi 19 ülkenin açık bütçe endeksi, demokrasi endeksi, politik istikrar endeksi, kişi başına gelir değişkenlerine ilişkin 2012-2021 dönemine ait verileri panel regresyon analizi aracılığıyla çözümlenmiştir. Ekonometrik analizler sonucunda bütçe şeffaflığı ile demokrasi arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Araştırma konusu ve ana hipotezi ifade eden bütçe şeffaflığı ve demokrasi ilişkisinin desteklendiği görülmüştür. Daha demokratik ülkelerin daha fazla bütçe şeffaflığı sağladığı ve neticede bütçe hakkının kullanımını kolaylaştırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Benzer şekilde çalışmada ele alınan diğer bağımsız değişkenler ile bütçe şeffaflığı arasında da pozitif ve anlamlı ilişki tespit edilmiş ve bu faktörlerin de bütçe şeffaflığı sürecine katkı sağladığına dair kanıtlar elde edilmiştir.
Menemukan Nilai dan Makna Teologi Dalam folklor Bai Pada Kehidupan Persekutuan Suku Kaureh di Papua
Authors: Ruhulessin Cleopatriza
Published: May 2023

Manusia selalu terikat dengan konteks (social, budaya, suku, sejarah, politik) dan konteks itu sifatnya kompleks dan   ruang perjumpaan antara manusia dan Tuhan. Konteks tersebut, dimasukkan sebagai unsur penting dalam berteologi, yang bersifat klasik. Teologi juga perlu mempertimbangkan nilai – nilai multicultural yang menjadi jiwa bagi kehidupan masyarakat setempat. Nilai-nilai multicultural menyebabkan seseorang dapat memahami dirinya sendiri dalam hubungannya dengan orang Dengan demikian, teologi lokal, disadari bahwa teologi tidak bisa dilepas dari interaksi social-budaya yang berfungsi untuk menjawab dan menanggapi tantangan lokal-kontekstual.

Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengusulkan folklor sebagai teologi lokal bagi suatu masyarakat. Folklor diyakini dapat menjaga dan merawat kehidupan manusia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan penelitian empiris terhadap penghayatan folklor Bai  pada masyarakat Sentani. Hasilnya adalah ketika folklor dihargai dan dijadikan bahan baku teologi lokal maka hal itu akan menghasilkan transformasi moral yang menguatkan persekutuan antar manusia. Itu artinya teologi tidak hanya membangun relasi kepada Tuhan saja namun juga relasi dengan sesama.
Critics’ Influence on Moviegoing Decisions
Authors: Carr Bryan
Published: May 2023

Past research examining the content of media programming has shown women in the media tend to conform to certain beauty and body standards, with the dominant standard being one of “thinness.” Because this thin ideal is so well-documented, there has been an interest in examining the effects of those portrayals on media consumers. Previous research has demonstrated the media can play an important role in causing body dissatisfaction among women. This research builds upon prior studies by conducting an experiment exploring the interaction among image familiarity (the image was of a female celebrity or unknown model), body size (the female was thin or overweight), and race (the female was White or Black) and how those three items could affect participant body satisfaction. Unlike most prior research, the sample was diverse, allowing analysis examining any differences related to participant gender or race. Results suggest there were, indeed, different psychological effects based upon the size, familiarity, and race of the female image viewed, and the effects differed by race. Unlike previous research, there were no differences between genders. Implications from these results are discussed.
A Comparison of Advertising and Public Relations Students on Ethics: Attitudes and Predicted Behavior
Authors: Fullerton Jami A. , McKinnon Lori , Kendrick Alice
Published: May 2023

A comparison of attitudes between advertising students and those studying public relations revealed many similarities and some notable differences in their views about professional ethics. Both groups agreed that it was very important to work for an ethical employer, though they both also echoed public sentiment that not all advertising or public relations organizations practice high ethics. Public relations students believed more strongly in the ethicality of their profession. When faced with descriptions of six ethical workplace dilemmas, both advertising and PR students exhibited basic balance or symmetry in their reactions, rejecting five questionable behaviors as unethical and predicting they would be unlikely to partake in such activity. A scenario involving the use of environmental claims for an environmentally embattled client was embraced more by public relations students than by those studying advertising. Implications for educators and communications curricula are discussed.
Body Modification: The Case of Tattoo Copyright
Authors: Rudyk R. Brandon , Davie William R.
Published: May 2023

This paper explores the now-dismissed case of Louisiana artist, Stephen Allen v. Electronic Arts, Inc., & Ricky Williams. This case, filed on December 31st 2012, went before the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Louisiana. No ruling was reached but the application of contradictory precedents indicates the need for clarification. Additionally, fairness requires that the 1976 Copyright Act be revised in order to allow for art that falls within a “gray” area of the artistic world. This paper argues that the 1989 Supreme Court landmark case of Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid demonstrates in its application of the balancing test for determining the relationship between “employee” and “work made for hire” status that athletes should be forewarned of the potential for litigation when it comes to their body artwork.
Anonymous Sources: More or less and why and where?
Authors: Purvis Hoyt
Published: May 2023

Anonymous sources have been important factors in some of the major news stories of our time. But does this reliance on unnamed sources to too far? The use and possible abuse of anonymous sources is a matter of continuing controversy in the media and can have a direct bearing on the credibility of the media. Questions related to the use of such sources are examined in a study of the use of anonymous sources in 14 daily editions of three daily newspapers, focusing on the quantity of articles using anonymous sources, their subject matter, location, and rationale for using unnamed sources. This is done within the context of the ongoing controversy about the reliance on such sources in major news organizations. Results of this study are reported and analyzed and provide some clear indications about the extent and nature of the use of anonymous sources, and point to a possible over-dependence and problematic trend.
The 2013 Steubenville Rape Case: An Examination of Framing in Newspapers and User-generated Content
Authors: Moody-Ramirez Mia , Lewis Tonya , Murray Ben
Published: May 2023

Using the lens of medium theory, this content analysis explored the framing of the Steubenville rape case in newspapers and blogs before, during and immediately following the trial. Our findings indicate newspapers focused on social media’s role in documenting the rape and the trial of the two assailants. Blog posts, on the other hand, focused on rape victims’ rights and social media’s role in bringing the case to justice. Of the 78 newspaper articles and blog posts coded, medium type did not make a significant difference in the framing of perpetrators and the actual act of rape. However, there was a significant difference in how the media types framed the case in general. This is a noteworthy finding, as it appears that newspapers were colorblind in their coverage and not as prone to use race frames as indicated in previous studies. Conversely, blog posts offered a platform for discussing issues that were omitted in mainstream media such as women’s rights, rape myths and the need for rape awareness/prevention programs for parents and youth.
Hazy habits: What kinds of news do young people want?
Authors: Armstrong Cory L. , McAdams Melinda J. , Cain Jason
Published: May 2023

Based in the climate of a digital culture, this study examines what kinds of news young adults seek, enjoy and share. Employing an online survey, respondents answered whether they enjoyed or avoided news stories from a list of 12 general categories of news. Sharing habits based on preference for these categories were examined as well. Findings indicated a clear separation between preferences for hard or soft news and that respondents were more likely to share news stories related to topics they enjoyed. Results also indicated that young adults enjoyed a variety of news and that satirical sources had little influence on enjoyment or avoidance.
New, Bold and Tenuous: Ethiopian Journalism Education
Authors: Wotkyns III R.S. Kip
Published: May 2023

In Ethiopia, Aksum University professors, staff and administrators are building a brand-new journalism department, one that teaches core literacy skills, but also stresses responsible journalism, based on independence, accuracy, and verification. They are grappling with a rapidly changing landscape, desperately trying to keep up. They face political, environmental and technology challenges, plus a freshly imposed state of emergency, because of widespread civil unrest. This paper is baseline research measuring the student experience of the new Journalism and Communications Department at Aksum University, in Axum Ethiopia. The first year of the roll out of the Department was the 2015-16 academic year. I had the privilege to be the first, foreign, visiting professor. I taught an Introduction to Journalism and Communication course in December 2015. This work is based on those experiences and uses a well-tested survey template, customized to the task. The survey sample included all of the 1 st year students. The result is an uncommon glimpse, into the nascent phase of journalism instruction at Aksum University, Axum Ethiopia.
The Divide Between Journalists and the Audience: Perceptions of Journalism Credibility at a Statewide Level
Authors: McCaffrey Raymond , Foster Bobbie J. , Welter Christie , Parry Janine
Published: May 2023

This two-part study examined the perception of journalism ethical standards by both the public and media professionals on a statewide level. In part one of the study, a statewide poll found that only 14% of Arkansas residents rated the honesty and ethical standards of journalists as high or very high. The results are about 9 percentage points below the findings of a national Gallup poll in 2015 in which the public ranked the ethical standards of journalists. In contrast, part two of the study revealed that 75% of Arkansas media professionals surveyed rated the honesty and ethical standards of journalists as high or very high. Still, 85% of the media professionals also said they thought ethical violations were damaging their profession. Journalists were split about the most common ethical complaint from readers and viewers – 45% said bias, 45% said inaccuracy, and 10% said fairness. Asked what medium they thought was the source of the most ethical violations, 20% blamed broadcast (TV); 25% blamed the Internet; 40% blamed social media; 5% blamed social media and broadcast; 5% blamed social media and the Internet; and 5% blamed social media, broadcast, and the Internet. The responses of these journalists were consistent with the theory of paradigm repair, which posits that journalists engage in discursive strategies to defend their profession in the face of ethical scandals, such as ignoring these ethics offenses or shifting the blame to other sources, such as new technology
Nate Silver vs. the Pundits: Examining the Roles of Political Punditry, Big Data and Cognitive Dissonance in a 2012 U.S. Presidential Election Dispute
Authors: Ketterer Stan , McGuire John , Hoffman Shane
Published: May 2023

This study examines the role of political punditry at a time when Big Data is playing a greater role in campaign journalism. It focuses on the dispute between data journalist Nate Silver and the pundits over his predictions during the 2012 U.S. presidential election. A qualitative content analysis is used to assess the online commentary in the weeks before the election. Silver’s supporters touted his statistical approach while critics questioned Silver's methods and cited their own gut feelings about the campaign’s outcome. When the election results vindicated Silver, most pundits resolved their cognitive dissonance by declining to give him any credit. The research suggests pundits not only favored their own party in their predictions but also tried to keep uncertainty about the elections results alive and bolster the value of their work. This research not only suggests a new method for covering America’s political process, but adds to our understanding of politi
“This Act of Brutal Savageism”: Coverage of Native Americans at the 1862 Battle of Pea Ridge, Arkansas
Authors: Mueller James E.
Published: May 2023

The clash between Confederates and Yankees at Pea Ridge, Arkansas, in 1862 is famous as the battle that saved Missouri for the Union, preventing a Southern army from a planned invasion to drive through the state and capture St. Louis. But a less well-known fact is that Pea Ridge was the only major battle of the Civil War in which Native American troops participated in significant numbers. About 1,000 Indians from the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek and Cherokee tribes fought for the South at Pea Ridge, and some might have scalped dead and wounded Union troops. This article examines stories about the battle from a sample of both Northern and Southern newspapers with the intent to shed light on the coverage of Native Americans during the Civil War. The article concludes that the type and quantity of coverage of Indians at Pea Ridge depended upon whether the journalists were Southern or Northern. The article thus adds further support to the notion that the Civil War press served as an arm of the government, and the stories of war correspondents of both sides have to be evaluated with the knowledge that facts were often secondary to supporting the war effort