bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adoption and dis-adoption of farm mechanization in Bangladesh: Case of rice-wheat thresher
Authors: Rahman Md. Sadique , Sujan Md. Hayder Sujan , Ul-Alam Md. Sherf- , Kabir Muhammad Humayun
Published: June 2022

Agricultural mechanization has the potential to greatly increase cropping intensity and production. The identification of factors that influence adoption and dis-adoption will assist policymakers in filling knowledge gaps, allowing for more successful policy implementation in Bangladesh. As a result, this study was carried out to ascertain the factors influencing the adoption and dis-adoption of rice-wheat threshers in Bangladesh. The International Food Policy Research Institute's (IFPRI) Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS) data were used in the analysis. A total of 5605 households were selected to fulfill the objectives, and a bivariate probit model was employed. According to the findings, 52.41% households adopted the thresher, with 13.75% abandoning it later. When compared to non-adopters, farmers with larger farm sizes and regular extension contacts were 31% and 33% more likely to adopt. Dis-adoption analysis, on the other hand, revealed that the chance of dis-adoption was 9.3% lower for households that maintained contact with extension officers as compared to their counterparts. Demand-driven extension services have the ability to promote adoption while lowering dis-adoption. Farmer-based groups and technology-based extension initiatives can help to keep adoption going.
The Effects of Breeder Age and Hatching Period on Fattening Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Geese
Authors: EROGLU Mehmet , ERISIR Zeki
Published: June 2022

This study was carried out to determine the effects of breeding age and hatching period on fattening performance and slaughter characteristics in geese. For this purpose, were fattened 270 geese obtained  from three different ages of geese breeder (one, two, three years old), and 54 of them were slaughtered at the age of 16 weeks to evaluate their carcass characteristics The values of 81.06, 94.15, and 93.37 g for hatching weights, 5275.27, 5590.25, and 5604.90 g for body weights at the 16th week, 24.57, 25.53, and 25.75 kg for total feed consumption and 3592.00, 3814.98, and 3850.6 g for warm carcass weight were determined in the evaluation of carcass characteristics of geese from obtained one, two and three years old breeder geese, respectively. The results of the present study suggested that breeder age had statistically significant effects on hatching weight (P<0.001), body weight (P<0.05), total feed consumption (P<0.01), warm and cold carcass weights (P<0.01). The hatching weights of 92.81 and 86.24 g, total feed consumption values of 24.91 and 25.66 kg, feed conversion ratios of 4.57 and 4.80 were calculated in the first and second periods.   The difference in the hatching period was detected to have statistically significant effects on hatching weights (P<0.001), feed consumption (P<0.05), feed conversion ratio (P<0.01), and abdominal fat weights (P<0.001). In addition, it was suggested that seasonal variations could create differences in themselves depending on the stages of the growth and development process.
Weed control with diclosulam in soybean
Authors: Golubev Artem Sergeevich
Published: June 2022

The experiments were conducted in 2017-2018 on soybean (Glycine max L.) in three climatic regions of Russia (Altai Region, Krasnodar Region and Astrakhan Region) to evaluate efficacy of herbicide diclosulam (WG, 750 g/kg). Treatments included diclosulam: 1) applied preemergence (PRE) - 18.75 and 37.5 g i.a. ha-1; 2) applied postemergence (POST) at 1-3 leaves of soybeans (BBCH 11-13) - 11.25 and 22.5 g i.a. ha-1. Monocotyledonous weeds (Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. and Panicum miliaceum ssp. ruderale (Kitagawa) Tzvelev) had low sensitivity to diclosulam. Diclosulam efficacy at minimum application rate against Fallоpia convolvulus (L.) A. Love and Solanum nigrum L. was 100%. Adjuvant ethoxylated isodecyl alcohol (EIAb) was added to diclosulam to increase treatment efficiency against Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Persicaria maculosa S.F. Gray.  EIAb with diclosulam was the most effective at minimum application rate. Application of diclosulam did not cause phytotoxicity on 3 soybean cultivars Altom, Bara and Vilana. The maximum increase of soybean yield after herbicide treatment was observed in Krasnodar Region in 2018 at cultivar Bara (+ 9.2 centners per hectare).
Putative role of N-Arachidonoyl glycine (NAGly) Acute hyperphagia in BALB/c mice
Authors: Ernesto Ramírez-Orozco Ricardo , Alejandra Pedroza-García Karina , David Masuoka , Alberto Camacho-Morales , Anahí Álvarez-Miramontes Silvia , Alejandro Martínez-Miranda Christian
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Obesity is a pandemic problem associated to development of chronic degenerative diseases. N-arachidonylglycine (NAGly) is speculated to participate in pain regulation, immunity and insulin secretion; some N-acyl amino acids induce hyperphagia; in light of this, NAGly metabolic functions related to energy homeostasis has not been clarified yet. We aim to elucidate the effect of NAGly administration on weight gain, food intake, diet preferences and inflammatory profile changes in a murine model. Methods: 8-week-old BALB/c mice (n=78) were allocated into 4 groups for either sex: control, vector, NAGly-LD (1nM) and NAGly-HD (10nM). NAGly was subcutaneous administered 5 consecutive days for 3 weeks. Mice were exposed to standard diet (SD), high-fat diet (HFD) and high-sugar diet (HSD) simultaneously; weight gain, food intake and diet preferences were evaluated for 21-days. Finally, cytokines were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: final weight gain was found higher in those following NAGly [LD: 21.6±1.1 g and HD: 21.4±2.1 g, (p=0.001)]. NAGly groups consumed more food in the first days; NAGly groups consumed more HFD [5.06±1.60; (p=0.001)] and HSD [1.10±0.69; (p=0.001)]. Conclusion: Our data propose that subcutaneous NAGly promotes acute hyperphagia events. We propose that NAGly might play a role related to the hunger-satiety circuit.
Can biochar and chitin as organic soil amendments be alternatives to manures for rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) growth?
Authors: Barouchas Pantelis E. , Tsakalidi Aglaia Liopa
Published: June 2022

Organic amendments are sustainable, and relatively cheap materials derived from plants and animals that are supplemented into the soil for the restoration of the soil’s physical and chemical properties, and provide the plants' nutrients before seeding, increasing its productivity. The addition of organic amendments to agricultural soil is recommended to improve soil functions and plant growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different organic soil amendments (biochar chitin, horse, sheep manure) on the growth of rocket plants (Eruca sativa Mill.) and answer if biochar and chitin can be alternatives to manures. This study was conducted in pots, under various combinations of organic amendments, using a typic xerofluvent agricultural soil, in the spring of 2016. To experiment, four organic amendments (biochar, chitin from shrimp shells, horse and sheep manure) were employed to amend the soil, in a completely randomized design, analyzing the impact of 4% and 8% biochar, 2% and 3% chitin, as well as 2% and 5% horse or sheep manure on the growth of rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.). According to the findings, the best growth rate of the rocket was found in the sheep manure amendment at 2% rate, followed by the 5% rate, in the horse manure amendments at 2% and 5% rates, in the biochar amendment at 4% rate, and in chitin at 3% and 2% rates consecutively. Positive effects of organic amendments on plant growth were more evident under the amendments related to sheep manure at a 2% rate.
Additive intercropping with peanut relay-planted between different patterns of rice rows increases yield of red rice in aerobic irrigation system
Authors: Wangiyana Wayan , Dulur Ni Wayan Dwiani , Farida Nihla , Kusnarta I Gusti Made
Published: June 2022

Rice yields under conventional techniques are very low without high doses of commercial fertilizer application, while intercropping with legumes can increase yields. This research aimed to examine the effect of relay-planting peanut between rice rows of different patterns on yield of red rice in aerobic irrigation systems, by conducting a field experiment designed according to Split Plot design with two treatment factors, i.e. intercropping as main plots (T0= without; T1= intercropping with peanuts), and rice row patterns as sub-plots (P1= normal or single-row; P2= double-row; P3= triple-row). In T1, one row of peanut was relay-planted (additive series) between single, double, or triple rows of red rice plants three weeks after seeding red rice on raised-beds. Results indicated that additive intercropping with peanut significantly increased clump size, dry straw weight, filled panicle number, panicle length, total biomass, filled grain number, grain yield per clump, and harvest index, and reduced percentage of unfilled grains of red rice , while patterns of rice rows only affected dry straw weight, percentage of panicle number, and weight of 100 grains. However, there were significant interactions between the treatment factors on dry straw weight and percentage of panicle number, which under single-row, they were low in monocropping but high and no differences between row patterns in intercropping system. Similarly, grain yield was lower in single or double row than triple row pattern under monocropping but significantly higher and no differences between row patterns under intercropping, indicating the highest benefits of intercropping under single row pattern.
Water requirement of gerberas and their behavior under a water-saving strategy, in northern Bahia
Authors: Silva Damiana de Oliveira , Marinho Lgia Borges , Souza Joselita Cardoso de , Felisberto Thomaz da Silva , Oliveira Gertrudes Macrio de , Leal Larissa de S Gomes
Published: June 2022

Gerbera crop evapotranspiration was defined, as well as its relationship with meteorological elements and the influence of different irrigation rates on its biometric characteristics, under a shaded mesh environment in Juazeiro-BA. The experiment was performed in randomized 4x2 blocks, with irrigation rates (60; 80; 100; and 120% of water consumption per plant) and gerbera hybrids (‘Essandre’ and DTCS), in five replicates. Gerbera water consumption was determined using total mass variation (vase+substrate+plant) on consecutive days. Total water volume required was 68.19 and 66.9 L plant-1, in DTCS and ‘Essandre’, respectively, in a 240-day cycle after acclimatization, with no significant difference between them. Mean values of the relationship between plant water consumption and reference crop evapotranspiration outside the shaded environment were 0.042 and 0.025L plant-1 mm-1day-1 during the vegetative phase and 0.055 and 0.029 mmL plant-1 mm-1day-1 during the reproductive phase of ‘Essandre’ and DTCS, respectively. The equation (Y=0.1176 *+ 0.0159*x ETo+ 0.0008** x DAA) estimated the water volume required by gerberas.  Water stress negatively affected leaf area, number of gerbera leaves, and gerbera leaf temperature, with quadratic behavior.
Effects of different stabilization conditions and extraction methods (Soxhlet and ultrasonic-assisted) on quality of rice bran oil
Authors: Hussain Norhayati , Ishak Izzreen , Agus Baizura Aya Putri , Samah Nor Fatin Atikah
Published: June 2022

High rice production produces a high amount of waste, especially rice bran (~10%), suitable as cooking oil. This study was performed to investigate the rice bran dried at different temperatures and times for stabilization treatment and the oil extracted using Soxhlet and Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). The rice bran produced the highest oil yield (31.9%) and β-carotene (7.82%) than control after stabilized at 50 ºC for 1 h. Unstabilized rice bran (control) and stabilized rice bran (50 ºC for 1 h) were used to compare the changes in viscosity, oxidative stability and fatty acids composition of the extracted oil using Soxhlet and UAE. The rice bran oil's viscosity obtained by stabilization and different extraction methods were decreased compared to the non-stabilized treatment. Meanwhile, stabilized rice bran oil extracted by the Soxhlet method produced higher oxidative stability than the control for both extraction methods due to the low amount of unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, the Soxhlet extraction method had more stable rice bran oil than the UAE process, and selected parameters (50 ºC for 1 h) for stabilization treatment are the most suitable for reducing rice bran oil oxidation.
Effect of nutrient solution concentration on phenology, stevioside content, total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids in leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni
Authors: Sánchez Karla Rubí Jiménez , Luna Adán Mercado , Pérez Ana Angélica Feregrino , Trejo Juan Fernando García , Servín Jorge Luis Chávez , Maldonado Reynaldo Hernández , Puente Karla Nicol Hernández , Cardenas Carlos Alberto Murillo
Published: June 2022

Among the most interesting areas of food technology research today is the search for natural alternatives to common sweeteners. One of these is Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, which contains antioxidants and stevioside whose concentration can be affected by factors such as plant nutrition during its production. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of mineral  nutrition levels (N, P, K Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu) in Steiner nutrient solution (SNS) on phenology and to quantify chlorophyll concentration (CC), stevioside content (SC), total phenolic compounds (TPC) and total flavonoids (TF) in the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Five concentrations of SNS were evaluated: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The experimental design was randomized with three replications. The experimental unit consisted of six plants per treatment (6 x 3 = 18 plants). The highest plant height (18.58 cm) was obtained with the 25% and 100% SNS concentrations; while the highest fresh weight and dry weight (21.70 ± 0.70 and 4.17 ± 0.12 g/ plant) were obtained with a 50% solution. The highest CC (41.31 ± 0.93 SPAD Units) and SC (8.88 ± 0.54 mg of stevioside / g dry matter (DM) were observed with 0% SNS. The highest contents of TF (16.42 ± 1.12 µg RE / g DM) and TPC (8.57 ± 1.12 µg GAE / g DM) were obtained with a 50% SNS solution. Finally, the compounds of interest were analyzed with respect to the total biomass obtained. The 75% SNS solution resulted in the highest amount of stevioside (17.03 mg / plant) and the second highest value for TPC (27.19 µg GAE / plant) and TF (64.57 µg RE / plant) content.
Effect of orange pulp fermented in solid substrate with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in diets, on productive behavior of confined lambs
Authors: Guerra Nadia Alejandra Sánchez , Muñoz Miguel Ángel Domínguez , Albarrán Miguel Ruíz , Zavala Rigoberto López , Rodríguez Fidel Infante , Quilantán Luis Manuel Pérez , Chavira Jaime Salinas
Published: June 2022

The effect on growth performance of diets containing orange pulp fermented in solid substrate with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) was evaluated in feedlot lambs. Fifteen non-castrated male lambs (Pelibuey x Dorper) with an initial weight of 22 ± 4 kg were distributed in individual pens in a completely randomized design. The feeding trial lasted 60 days. Treatments were: treatment 1 (T1), 50% commercial feed plus 50% wet basis (WB) of orange pulp fermented with yeast; treatment 2 (T2), 50% commercial feed plus 50% (WB) fresh orange pulp without yeast; and treatment 3 (T3) 100% commercial feed as a total mixed ration. The variables of the study were: average daily weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, area of Longissimus dorsi and back fat thickness, the latter two measured at the end of the test using ultrasound. Daily weight gain was significantly lower (P<0.05) in lambs of T2 compared with those of T1 and T3 which had similar (P>0.05) weight gain; average daily gain (ADG) for T1, T2 and T3 was 0.270±0.027, 0.200±0.035 and 0.273±0.038 kg/d, respectively. Feed conversion ratio (feed consumed/weight gain) of lambs in T2 presented worth value (P <0.05) than those of T1 and T3. There was no difference in Longissimus dorsi area or back-fat thickness (P>0.05). In conclusion, substituting orange pulp fermented in solid state with S. cerevisiae for 50% of a commercial diet resulted in similar productive behavior of confined sheep, whereas substitution with non-fermented orange pulp may reduce growth performance of lambs.
Dromedary camel health care practices reported by caretakers working at a permanent market
Authors: B Padalino , Abdelali Ziani , D Monaco , F Freccero , L Menchetti , Padalino Barbara
Published: June 2022

Traditional health care practices and ethnoveterinary medicine are still common in camels. This study aimed at describing camel health issues reported by caretakers including their management and treatment practices. Associations between the health issues and caretakers’ background, management practices, and facilities were also investigated. Camel caretakers (n=49) at a permanent market in Qatar were interviewed and data related to the camel pens (e.g. presence of shelters, water, and feeding points) collected. During the interview, questions sought to elicit the following information; i) caretaker’s background (age, level of education, experience, and how they identify when a camel is sick), ii) caretaker’s management practices (feeding, watering, and health care practices), iii) caretaker’s description of the last health problem (camel details, recalled diagnosis/clinical signs, possible cause, treatment, and outcome). The majority of the caretakers were middle-aged (31-50 years old) and they used to identify a sick camel mainly observing its behavioural modifications (p < 0.001). Treatment for endo- and ectoparasites were usually administered by caretakers, health checks routinely performed by veterinarians, while vaccinations were not conducted in most of the pens (p < 0.001). A total of 38 health problems were described and the high environmental temperature was the most reported possible cause (43.2%; p < 0.001). Among the recalled health problems, sunstrokes were the most common (11/38; p = 0.046), followed by fever (9/38). Sunstroke was more likely to affect males (OR: 5.04; CI95%: 1.87-23.38; p = 0.039), while fever younger animals (OR: 0.68, CI95%: 0.47-1.00; p = 0.050). Sunstrokes were more likely managed by non-veterinarians (OR: 4.75; CI95%: 1.05-21.34; p = 0.042). The majority of the cases were early identified and had a full recovery, but 11/38 camels died. Interestingly, drugs were the most common treatment (73.7%, p < 0.001), but often bought and administered directly by caretakers. Duty of care, infectious disease prevention, early and appropriate treatments could be recommended to guarantee the principle of good health and consequently animal welfare. Education on how to identify a sick camel and how to manage it should be also promoted.
Capsaicin, Dihydrocapsaicin Content and Antioxidants Properties of Habanero Pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) Oleoresin During Storage
Authors: Cordova Mariel Guadalupe Valencia- , Jacobo Ángela Suárez- , Cansino Nelly del Socorro Cruz- , Moreno Esther Ramírez- , Rojas Quinatzin Yadira Zafra- , Ortega José Alberto-Ariza- , García Ernesto Alanís-
Published: June 2022

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the capsaicin (CAP) and dihydrocapsaicin (DHC), total phenolic content (TPC) as well as antioxidants properties of Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) oleoresin (HPO) during storage. Identification and quantification of CAP and DHC were performed by HPLC, while TPC and antioxidant activity by ABTS and DPPH were by spectrophotometry. Retention time of CAP and DHC was 19.23 and 20.47 min, respectively. During storage, CAP and  TPC remained stable until day 35 (14.35 to 15.72 mg CAP/g HPO and 29.13 to 28.31 mg GAE/mL HOP, respectively), while DHC had similar values (11.45 - 9.61 mg CAP/g HPO) (p>0.05) through storage time. On the other hand,  antioxidant activity by ABTS and DPPH decreased from day 15 (6.08 µmol TE/mL)  and 35 (10.18 µmol TE/mL), respectively. The results showed that CAP, DCH and TP were stable for more than a month of storage.
Inhibitory effect of Sargassum latifolium extract on hypoxia pathway in colon cancer cells
Authors: Eldeen Amira M. Gamal- , Raafat Bassem M. , Daly Sherien M. ‎El- , Fahmy Cinderella A. , Almehmadi Mazen M , Althobaiti Fayez
Published: June 2022

Sargassum latifolium, ‎(Turner) C. Agarth, 1820, ‎is an edible brown alga that was collected from red seashores in Egypt. Colon cancer is a lethal disease world-wide. Hypoxia is a key player in progressive colon tumor growth and stemness. This work was planned to extract water-soluble polysaccharide from S. latifolium, to separate its fractions (SL1, SL2, SL3, and SL4) and hence to investigate their anti-hypoxia characteristics in colon cancer HCT-116 cells. Algal fractions cytotoxicity was assayed by MTT; DNA staining was used to analyze apoptosis and necrosis; total hypoxia status was assessed by pimonidazole, HIF-1α and HIF-1β were estimated by ELISA, and hsa-miRNA-21-5p and hsa-miRNA-210-3p were analyzed by qPCR. The results indicated that SL1 and SL4 are cytotoxic agents against HCT-116 cells through enhancing apoptosis. SL1and SL4 were potent inhibitor of total cell hypoxia (p < 0.001). Both fractions significantly suppressed the expression of miR-21 (p < 0.01) and miR-210 (p < 0.001), and the concentration of HIF-1α protein (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively), while only SL1 inhibited HIF-1β protein concentration (p < 0.05). Taken together S. latifolium polysaccharide extract fractions SL1 and SL4 exhibited anti-hypoxic property in HCT-116 cells through mechanistic role in the expression of hypoxia regulators miRNA-21 and miRNA-210, and accordingly in HIF-1α and HIF-1β biosynthesis‎.
Toxicological Effects of Compounds from the Leaves of Schinus terebinthifolius Against Two Tetranychid Mites (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Habashy Mariam G. , Atta Doaa A. Abou El , Ba Fatma M. Abdel , Gedara Sahar R.
Published: June 2022

The use of synthetic acaricides is becoming increasingly hazardous to non-target organisms. Plant-derived natural products are alternative candidates with general low toxicity to human and environment.  Two extracts and nine phenolic compounds (1-9) from the leaves of the Brazilian pepper tree (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) were investigated for their acaricidal effects against two tetranychid mites, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (carmine spider mite) and Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite). After 7-days of treatment, the ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated remarkable mortality against T. cinnabarinus (86.67%) while, the n-hexane fraction showed the highest mortality against T. urticae (96.67%) at 200 μg/mL. Among the tested compounds, afzelin (2) and protocatechuic acid (7) exhibited remarkable activity. Regarding T. cinnabarinus, afzelin showed the highest mortality (86.67%), toxic activity (LC50 22.32 μg/mL and toxicity index, Ti 0.972), and the fastest lethality by time. Whereas, protocatechuic acid achieved the highest mortality (96.67%), the lowest LC50 (0.232 μg/mL, Ti 73.71), and fastest lethality by time against T. urticae. This study reported a promising in vitro acaricidal activity of the phytoconstituents of the Brazilian pepper tree and suggested its isolated compounds, such as afzelin and chatechuic acid, as alternative leads for the development of echo-friendly acaricides.
Genetic diversity analysis of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) accessions using RAPD Markers
Authors: Nagabhushanam Beema , Mir Mohammad Imran , Nagaraju M. , Sujatha E. , Devi B. Rama , Kumar B. Kiran
Published: June 2022

It is important to analyse the degree of genetic variation existing within the genome to extend   the genetic base of linseed/flaxseed accessions in order to preserve, evaluate and use genetic resources accurately and successfully. The main aim of the current investigation was to evaluate the scope and spread of genomic variation across different linseed accessions by employing molecular markers (RAPD). The genomic DNA of 12 linseed accessions was amplified with 16 decamer RAPD primers that generated 81 total bands, among which 75 bands were polymorphic and 6 bands were monomorphic. Polymorphic band numbers varied from least 2 (OPS-11) to highest 10 (OPS-07). The magnitude of polymorphism ranged from 75% to 100% among all accessions with a mean of 93.15 % across all the accessions. The value of Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) varied from 0.133% to 0.708% with a mean of 0.45% for each primer. The maximum PIC value (0.708) was found with the primer OPS-07 and (0.702) with OPM-13. The primer OPS-03 showed the minimum PIC value (0.133). Two main different clusters -I and -II were seen in the cluster analysis depending on RAPD data. Cluster-II comprises one accession (IC 564585) that was the highly varied accession, whereas Cluster-I comprises of some sub clusters with all the remaining accessions. The Jaccard's similarity coefficient varied from 8.2 to 96.3%. The accessions BHU-A and BHU-B had the highest genetic similarity (96.3%), followed by BHU-B and IC 564605 (96.2%). More divergent accessions were discovered to be IC 564585, IC 564616, IC 564631, IC 564622, and IC 564630. The current investigation provides innovative knowledge to breeders on the germplasm of linseed that would be employed in subsequent research to improve linseed genotypes.
Quality formation of germination brown rice under microwave drying: from GABA content to color value
Authors: Peng Sun , Caihua Xu , Wudong Chen , Jifu Bi , Changsheng Han , Tong Tong , Chenghai Liu , Feng Xu `
Published: June 2022

In order to improve the final quality of germination brown rice (GBR), the changes of GBR in Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and color are investigated under microwave drying conditions. Results indicate that Microwave drying process may improve GABA in GBR due to microwave volumetric heating inducing the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity; and the dried GBR with golden appearance under the microwave intensity of 2.75 W/g and the apparent velocity of 2.50 m/s considering the drying efficiency and quality of dried GBR. In this study, microwave drying conditions not only improve the drying efficiency of GBR, but also improve the appearance and color of GBR after drying, reduce GABA degradation and control the generation of burst rate.
An Investigation of Algerian Dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.); Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory Properties and Phenolic Compositons H
Authors: Bendiab Hadjer Chenini , Djebli Noureddine , Kara Yakub , Uçar Meltem , Kolayli Sevgi
Published: June 2022

Date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is not only known for its nutritional properties but also its therapeutic virtues. The objective was to investigate the phenolic compounds and evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of pulp, seed, and whole fruit of Algerian dates. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethanolic pulp (EP), seed (ES), and whole fruit (EF) extracts were measured using colorimetric methods. Phenolic acids and flavonoid profiles were determined by RP-HPLC-UV. The examination of the antioxidant potential was established by Free radical scavenging DPPH and FRAP assays. Anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous pulp (AP), seed (AS), and whole fruit (AF) of dates at 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg BW of each extract were carried out according to the experimental model of carrageenan-induced acute paw edema in mice, using diclofenac (50 mg/kg) as a reference product. Measurement of the percentage of inhibition of paw edema in mice as well as the histological study of the paw tissue, allowed us to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts investigated. Ethanolic pulp, seed, and whole fruit of date extracts contained total phenolic and flavonoids compounds at different concentrations as well as a diverse phenolic profile. The strongest antioxidant capacity was determined in ethanolic date seed extract. Concerning anti-inflammatory activity, the administration of aqueous pulp (100 and 200 mg/kg), seed (100mg/kg), and fruit (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) of date extract induced a higher anti-inflammatory response from the fourth hour after carrageenan injection compared to the standard group treated with diclofenac. It is concluded that pulp, seed, and whole fruit of Algerian date possess antioxidant activity with phenolic and flavonoid contents and anti-inflammatory activity and dates with pulp and seed parts could be used as a natural bioactive substance for supporting anti-inflammatory therapies.
Apricot Production Forecast of the Leading Countries in The Period of 2018-2025.
Authors: Uzundumlu Ahmet Semih , Karabacak Tuba , Ali Abdifatah
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study is to estimate apricot production quantities in 2018-2025 periods by using 1961-2017 data of the leading countries in apricot production in the world. 57-year data were obtained from FAOSTAT and analyzed with the help of the SAS 9.4 statistics program. In order to determine these predictions, ARIMA models have been used. In cases where the data is not stationary, the one-year delay was made and the most suitable ARIMA model was chosen according to AIC, BIC, SSE, MSE, MPE criteria. According to the 8-year average estimation based on 26 years of data, the share of countries in apricot production is formed by Turkey with 19%, Uzbekistan with 14%, Algeria with 7%, Iran with 6%, and Italy with 6%. Turkey ranked second after Spain in fresh apricot exports and first in the dried apricots although dried apricot export prices are less than Germany price currently, the government focusing on higher-quality types in fresh and dried apricots, France, and the Netherlands supplied dried apricots from Turkey.
Antioxidant and Anti-cancer effects of crude extracts from (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves on melanoma cells (SK-Mel and A375)
Authors: Selma Ferhi , Chahinez Taib , Salim Gasmi , Sakina Zerizer , Guy D’hallewin
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to estimated total phenol, the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of crude extract derived from grape leaves (Vitis vinifera. L.). Total phenol of grape leaves (Vitis vinifera. L.) was extracted using aqueous and methanol solvent and dosed with Folin-Ciocalteu using spectrophotometry. The antioxidant activity was estimated by spectrophotometry in the existence of the DPPH radical, when the antiproliferative activity was evaluated by using MTT test on two melanoma cells (A375 and SK-MEL) as compared to the effect of Cisplatinum. Results showed that extracts of grape leaves (Vitis vinifera. L.)  were rich in total phenols. Indeed, the extracts exhibited an antioxidant activity, when 1.98 mg/mL of methanol and aqueous crude extracts could inhibit 90.20 % and 77.78 % of DPPH* radical respectively. The proliferation of Melanoma cells A375 and SK-MEL is decreased with increasing concentration of water and methanolic extracts (1.136, 2.27, and 4.54 mg/mL) included in the culture throughout 72 h. Results offered that extract from grape leaves (Vitis vinifera. L.) characterize with biological effect compounds such as phenols, with promise antioxidant activity, revealing an antiproliferative effect impact on A375 and SK-MEL malignant tumor cells compete with the synthetic molecule Cisplatinium.
Novel Formaldehyde-Free Embalming Fluid Formulation for Long-term Preservation of Cadavers for Anatomy Teaching
Authors: Menon Preetha , Aldarwich Adnan , Hamdan Layaly , Hammoud Maha , Al Aiyan Ahmad
Published: June 2022

The dissection of mammalian cadavers enables veterinary students to appreciate the three-dimensional relationships of these specimens. Chemically fixed cadavers are generally used for dissections owing to the impracticality of using fresh specimens in most teaching facilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel embalming fluid formulation comprising 25% ethanol, 20% polyethylene glycol 400, 0.1% chloroxylenol, and 10% sodium nitrate made up to 100% with tap water to fix a series of domestic mammals for anatomical dissection. The embalmed cadavers (two cats, two dogs, two goats, and two sheep) were periodically evaluated over a 6-month period. At 1, 10, and 20 weeks of the dissection program, the cadavers were colorimetrically measured and the texture profiles, including hardness, adhesiveness, and deformation, were examined. In addition, tissue samples of the skeletal muscle, liver, lung, and intestine were collected and microbiologically analyzed at various time intervals. The embalmed cadavers closely resembled their fresh counterparts. There was a negligible difference in the objective and subjective parameters, with a gradual increase in the hardness and adhesiveness of the muscle samples with time. No microbiological growth was detected in the tissue samples obtained from the embalmed specimens, except in the colon tissue from one cat and lung tissue from one sheep. These findings demonstrated the successful preservation of cadavers in the novel embalming formulation for a period of 6 months. The subjective evaluations during dissection were harmonious with the objective assessments of the embalmed cadaver.
Nutritional characterization and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of guava-Aloe vera puree and its histopathological effect in gastric lesion-induced rats
Authors: Gollaz-Machuca Verónica Aida , García-Magaña María De Lourdes , Becerra-Verdín Eduardo Mendeleev , González-Acuña Irma Julieta , González-Aguilar Gustavo Adolfo , Yahia Elhadi , González Efigenia Montalvo
Published: June 2022

The prevalence of gastritis requires the consumption of functional foods to counteract this disease. The objective of this work was to characterize guava-Aloe vera purees, evaluate their in vitro anti-inflammatory effect and demonstrate the gastroprotective effect in a murine model induced to the gastric lesion. The nutritional composition, physicochemical parameters, and bioactive compounds were determined in fresh guava-Aloe vera puree (FP) as well as in guava-Aloe vera puree stored at 4 ºC for six months (RP). The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of polyphenolic extracts from purees and the effect of FP intake on gastric lesion-induced rats were also evaluated. FP was rich in dietary fibre (10%), vitamin C (238.81 mg/100 g), phenolic compounds (1969.70 mg/100 g), and minerals such as Cu, Fe, and K; while RP decreased in 80%, 64%, and 69% of vitamin C, minerals, and phenolic compounds, respectively. The polyphenolic extracts from the purees showed high in vitro anti-inflammatory activity (~60-80%). The purees did not cause significant changes (p>0.05) in the plasma biochemical parameters. The activity of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase decreased in the gastric lesion-induced rats after treatment with the puree. The intake of FP by gastric lesion-induced rats accelerated the cell regeneration of the gastric tissue, showing a fast recovery. Guava-Aloe vera puree is a healthy alternative and serves as a gastroprotective.

Keywords: Aloe vera; Guava; Nutrition; Anti-inflammatory; Gastric lesion; Histopathology
Soil applied potassium enhanced the oil contents in hybrid mustard crop under water deficit condition
Authors: Ismail Muhammad , Hussain Nazim
Published: June 2022

Mustard is an important oil seed crop and plays vital role in boosting the country economy especially in Pakistan. Unfortunately, under the sudden fluctuation in the climatic conditions, water stress is one of the most drastic factors restricting its production. To mitigate the water scarcity impact, soil applied potash has emerged as a sustainable approach in improving the crop oil production. For this purpose, two years filed trials were conducted at the Agronomic field research-area, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan during two consecutive growing seasons 2017-18 and 2018-19. The Randomized Complete Block Design was used with two factorial arrangements having three replications. Different factors were Fa; irrigation water stress i.e. (no stress (control)), stress at vegetative stage (Sveg), stress at vegetative & reproductive stages (Sveg+rep)) and Fb; potash application i.e. (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) at the time of sowing. Mustard hybrid (45S42) was used as a test specie. Observations shown that water stress at Sveg resulted in grain yield reduction (47%) as compared to control. In the case of potash fertilizer treatments particularly at 60 kg ha-1 was significantly alleviated the detrimental effect (15% in yield-related components) of water stress both in Sveg and Sveg+rep conditions as per control. Nevertheless, potash application at 60 kg ha-1 depicted increase of oil-contents (35%) as per with other treatments under the applied irrigation water stress at Sveg and Sveg+rep conditions during the both years of trials. Based on the results of economic analysis, potash application at 60 kg ha-1 is an easy, efficient, commercially feasible and cost-effective agronomic approach for compensating the adverse effects of water stress in mustard crop.

Key words: Hybrid mustard; Irrigation water stress; Oil contents; Potash
Sugarcane yield loss due to water and nitrogen deficiencies evaluated by carbon isotopic discrimination method
Authors: Kölln Oriel Tiago , Gava Glauber José de Castro , Cantarella Heitor , Silva Sérgio Ricardo , Ocheuze Trivelin Paulo Cesar
Published: June 2022

Water and nitrogen (N) availability are determining factors for crop development and production. Assessments of sugarcane yield loss based on these factors may become more accurate by using the stable carbon (C) isotope technique. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of N and water on sugarcane yield, isolating the yield losses (YL) caused by N or by water limitations, and correlating them with the fractionation of C isotopes (Δ13C). The research was carried out in field conditions in the municipality of Jaú, Brazil. A statistical design in randomized block was used, considering the 2 ´ 2 ´ 2 factorial arrangement, composed of two cycles [first (2008/09) and second (2009/10)], two N rates (without and with N) and two water supplies (rainfed and irrigated). These variables were evaluated: biometric features (plant height, stalk diameter and tillering), yield elements [stalk yield (STY), sucrose yield (SUY), and stalk dry matter (SDM)], technological quality parameters [fiber content, sucrose juice content (SJC), and total sucrose recovery (TSR)], stalk N concentration (SNC) and accumulation (SNA), and Δ13C. The effect of irrigation associated with N fertilization on STY, SUY, and SDM, resulted in average increases of 53.7, 9.0, and 18.6 Mg ha-1, respectively. The average YL for STY in two crop seasons were 40.5%, 35.2%, and 48.2% due to limitations of N or water or N+water, respectively. The SNC was not affected by the water supply, but it was increased by N fertilization. The highest value of Δ13C was obtained for the treatment without N fertilization in rainfed conditions, and the least Δ13C was found for the one with N supply and irrigation. The Δ13C measurement was effective in identifying N and water deficiencies, presenting potential to be used as an indicator of N and water limitations for sugarcane yield.

 

Keywords: Loss index of stalk biomass; Saccharum ssp.; Water deficit; Water‒N interaction; Water supply
Screening rice blast-resistant cultivars via synchrotron fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy
Authors: Phansak Piyaporn , Siriwong Supatcharee , Sangpueak Rungthip , Kanawapee Nantawan , Thumanu Kanjana , Buensanteai Natthiya
Published: June 2022

In Asia, one of the most important cereal crops is rice. Presently, a fungal pathogen called rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea) is the most devastating diseases affecting this valuable human staple. One of the ways growers can control rice blast is by chemical fungicides; however, the down side to using chemicals is the increase of production cost, environmental contamination, and loss of chemical efficacy over time. The use of resistant rice cultivars provide fungal suppression and have a positive impact on the environment. The objective of this study was to screened rice blast-resistant cultivars via SR-FTIR microspectroscopy and compare it to the traditional method. At 14 days after pathogens inoculation (DAPI) of 80 cultivars and two reference cultivars, the leaves of inoculated plants showed elliptical or spindle-shaped lesions with pointed ends, gray or white centers, and dark-green to reddish-brown margins, with an occasional yellow halo. The results of disease severity were classified as susceptible (17 cultivars), moderately susceptible (28 cultivars), and resistant group (35 cultivars) of all 80 varieties of rice. Rice cultivar no. 34 had the lowest level of disease severity, which was 6.66 ± 11.54%. Furthermore, we evaluated the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) in rice at 24 DAPI compared with uninoculated plants. The results of the resistant group showed an increase of SA level at 24 DAPI as well as reference resistant cultivars. Rice cultivar no. 34 had SA level of 15.19 68 μg g-1 fresh weight and all other reference-resistant cultivars had a SA level at 14.70 μg g-1 fresh weight, respectively. Additionally, screening rice blast-resistant cultivars via SR-FTIR microspectroscopy revealed altered variation in biochemical components of the plants after infection. A comparison of the susceptible, moderately susceptible, and resistant cultivars revealed differences in the biochemical components of rice tissues, which may be correlated with plant defense responses to disease. These outcomes could help breeding programs in terms of the selection of resistant-rice cultivars.

Keywords: biochemical change; rice; rice blast disease; salicylic acid; SR-FTIR
GRADUAL FLOWERING AND FRUITING TECHNOLOGY (“BUJANGSETA”) THROUGH FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT IN SIAM (Citrus nobilis L.) CV. PONTIANAK
Authors: A. Sugiyatno , Devy Nirmala F , . Hardiyanto , . Harwanto , Dwiastuti Mutia E
Published: June 2022

Fruit bearing of citrus species such Tangerine or Siam cv. Pontianak caused fruit yield and quality variation. Research was carried out in Banaran Experimental Garden under Indonesia Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute, Batu, East Java Indonesia, from November 2019 to September 2020.  The objective of this study was to evaluate Bujangseta (BS) technology on the growth, physiology, flowering, and yields of Siam cv. Pontianak. 158 trees of 7-year-old 'Pontianak' Siam (Citrus nobilis L.) cultivar were divided into two blocks in which each block has been subjected to Bujangseta technology, and control, respectively. T Test was used to evaluate two treatments. The results showed that BS technology induced the leaf area, leaf pigments, fruit set, and total fruits/plant, whereas starch and sugar content of leaves decreased. Fruit harvesting on the BS and control (C) treatments during the period of January to August 2020 had been done 4 and 2 times, respectively. The total fruit weight/tree treated with BS significantly increased by 112% compared to C. The BS’s fruits quality such as size, juice volume and total soluble solid were significantly better than control.  Improvement of fertilizer application is recommended to improve the ‘Bujangseta’ technology in order to increase the gradual flowering and fruiting in Siam group throughout the year.

 

Keywords: Bujangseta, Citrus nobilis L, fertilizer, Siam cv. Pontianak, Tangerine
Asymmetrical relationship between COVID-19 global fear index and agricultural commodity prices
Authors: Ayyildiz Merve
Published: June 2022

sectors such as energy, services and industry. In addition, they play an active role in the international agricultural markets. Therefore, price structure in the grain and oilseed market is important for agriculture and many other sectors. This study was designed to reveal how the fear of COVID-19 has globally affected grain prices. The study covered the one-year period from March 11, 2020, when COVID-19 was first recognized as a pandemic, to March 11, 2021. The Global Fear Index (GFI) and the price sub-indices created by the Grain Oil Council were used to determine the impact of the fear caused by COVID-19 on grain prices. Assuming an asymmetrical relationship between variables, the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag model was used to determine this relationship. According to the model results, it was found that in the long term, agricultural commodity prices gave an increase (decrease) response to the positive (negative) effects in the GFI, and that the effect of an increase in the GFI on agricultural commodity prices was greater than the effect of a decrease. Accordingly, it is thought that the analysis and predictions which take into account the asymmetrical effect would give more realistic results and thus contribute considerably to the market regulations. It will also help policymakers make more rational decisions in their search for solutions to the problems in the cereal market.
Identification of adaptable rice genotypes under diverse production environments using a multivariate statistical model
Authors: Kesh Hari , Kumar Vats Akshay , Khan Mujahid , Yadav Satender
Published: June 2022

Basmati rice is sold at a higher price in both local and international markets due to its superior grain qualities. Identification of high performing and adaptable genotypes under multi-environmental conditions is very crucial to sustain rice production. In the present research, sixteen Basmati rice genotypes were evaluated under three diverse production environments i.e. transplanted (TPR), direct seeded (DSR), and system of rice intensification (SRI) during two consecutive kharif seasons. The experiment was laid down in randomized block design with three replications. The primary objective of this research was to identify stable genotypes adaptable to different production environments with a high mean using the GGE biplot model. Genotypes explained a higher proportion (44.25 to 60.71 %) of the total sum of squares while environment attributed only (7.71 to 23.26%). Genotype by environment interaction contributed 31.58% to 36.77% of the total variation for studied traits. Under DSR, Haryana Basmati-1 for hulling%, milling%, and head rice recovery% while Improved Pusa Basmati 1 for amylose content were identified as specifically adapted genotypes. Likewise, under SRI, HKR 98-476 for hulling% and milling%, Pusa Basmati-1 for head rice recovery%, and Improved Pusa Basmati -1 for amylose content were found suitable genotypes. These genotypes can be recommended for commercial cultivation for specific production environments.