bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linguistic Diversities in Nepal: A Glimpse of Past and Present
Authors: Adhikari Rishiram
Published: October 2024

Nepal is known m as a multilingual nation; however, language policies and statistics of languages spoken in Nepal showed the challenges to maintain linguistic diversities in Nepal. In this context, aim of this study is to outline the language policies of Nepal. Constitutional provisions and arguments of the participants were analyzed with geographical and historical contexts. The study also presents the current population census and highlights the statistics of languages on the basis of mother tongue, second language and ancestor language. Government reports, law and rules related language policies, published between 1950 to 2013 were analyzed with the opinions and perceptions of the participants. Throughout history, the language politics in Nepal has undergone significant shifts and changes due to various political transformations. Current statistics of languages show that it is difficult to preserve minority languages because he numbers of speakers is very low. Except that lack of sufficient resource mobilization on the preservation of minority languages, confusing government policies, socio economic and cultural shift of the respected language community creates problems to sustain minorities language in Nepal. Finding of this study can be apply to formulate the policies and programs related to the preservation and promotion of endangered language because the study analyzes the present linguistic polices and statistics of the language spoken in Nepal.
Factors Affecting Impulsive Product and Service Buying Behavior: A Study of College Students in the Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Manandhar Raju Bhai , Chalise Mahananda , Poudel Bhusal Namita , Adhikari Ranjana , Manandhar Eirika
Published: October 2024

Impulsive buying is the tendency of a customer to buy goods and services without planning.  The study's objective is to determine the factors affecting the impulsive buying behavior of the students in Kathmandu Valley.  The study was based on the cross-sectional research design which followed the quantitative design. The study targeted college-level students studying at Bachelor's and Master's level in Kathmandu Valley.  200 students were selected from different colleges through a simple random sampling technique. A well-structured closed-ended survey questionnaire was developed and disseminated in a well-organized manner to respondents to collect the primary data from the field and analyzed systematically in 2023. The study analyzed the data using statistical tools like frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation, and correlation to derive the findings. The study finds that social influence is considered the first important cause influencing impulsive buying behavior. Similarly, it is followed by emotional triggers, lack of control, and financial resources influencing respectively. The study also shows that there was a strong relationship between social influence and impulse buying behavior. Business organizations should strategically leverage social factors in marketing campaigns to tap into this influential aspect of consumer behavior. Future researchers need to survey another variable with a large sample size by applying different methods.
General Self-efficacy and Other Predictors of Grade Point Average (GPA) in College Students of Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Poudel Dev Bandhu , Acharya Samjhana
Published: October 2024

General self-efficacy refers to individuals' belief in their ability to manage their functioning and influence life events. It can be influenced by various factors such as personal achievements, observed experiences, encouragement, and emotional states. We aimed this study to examine the relationship between general self-efficacy and other demographic factors in predicting Grade Point Average (GPA) among college students. The power analysis indicated minimum of 385 data points for unknown population, however we followed the rules of thumb that more data equals better results. This cross-sectional survey involved 527 college students from the Kathmandu Valley, representing various age groups, genders, ethnicities, religious affiliations, marital statuses, residential locations, education levels, faculties, and years of study. We targeted only two colleges to collect the data; however, the online portal of data collection allowed students to provide the data from other institutions as well. Students were selected through opportunity sampling, and data were collected using the General Self-Efficacy Scale between September 8 and November 2, 2022. Our findings indicate no significant relationship between general self-efficacy and GPA. Ethnicity (Janajati), religion (Buddhists), education level (high school), faculty (management), and institution type (private) were identified as significant predictors of GPA, while gender, age, marital status, and residential location did not predict GPA. The study provides valuable insights into how demographic factors, rather than self-efficacy, influence academic performance, offering useful information for educational strategies aimed at improving student outcomes.
Impacts of Smoking on Health and Social Status: A Case of Makawanpur District, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Ram Prasad , Upadhyaya Shankar Prasad , Adhikari Bhashkar Chandra , Koirala Muna , Hatuwal Muna , Lamichhane Sita
Published: October 2024

The goal of the study was to analyze the psycho-social impacts of smoking on health and social status. The study was conducted in the Hetauda Sub-Metropolitan City of Makawanpur district, Nepal. Out of 19 wards, 5 were selected by simple random sampling technique for the study and the data were taken with 200 respondents from 5 wards. A structured survey questionnaire was administered to collect the data. The data were collected from February 2024 to March 2024.  There was a significant association between the gender of respondents and the frequency of smoking (p=0.011), between the gender of the respondents and causes of smoking (p=0.003), and between the gender of the respondents and encouraging friend circle for smoking (p=0.000). Smoking habit is not only bad for health, but it causes social disparities, loss of prestige, and various psychological problems also. So, awareness to the illiterate and counselling for the literate people is sought necessary. The study helps health organizations to form the plan and policy against smoking and it also helps the government to form a policy for unemployed people and create new job opportunities for youths.
Nepal’s Geostrategic Location: Realist Imperatives on Foreign Policy
Authors: Paudel Santosh Kumar
Published: October 2024

Realist imperatives in foreign policy emphasize the pursuit of national interests, power balance, and pragmatic decision-making in an anarchic international system. This study aims to analyze Nepal's foreign policy through a realist perspective, focusing on its historical evolution, challenges, and opportunities. An exploratory research design is employed, using secondary data from peer-reviewed journals, historical records, academic books, policy reports, and governmental publications. The publication period of the sources ranges between 1963 and 2023. The study finds that Nepal’s foreign policy decisions are significantly influenced by its geopolitical position and the need to balance relationships with neighboring powers India and China. The implication of this study is that realist theory provides a valuable framework for understanding how small states like Nepal navigate complex international dynamics to safeguard their national interests.
Stolen Childhood and Desolate Future: On Child Marriage in the Makawanpur's Chepang Community
Authors: Budhathoki Drona
Published: October 2024

Child marriage remains a critical issue not only in Nepal but globally, predominantly affecting South Asia, Africa, and Latin America. In Nepal, the Terai region, rural areas, particularly among economically disadvantaged and Dalit communities, faces alarmingly high rates of child marriage. Main objective of this study is to investigate the causes and consequences of child marriage in the Chepang Community. This phenomenon is driven by poverty, social pressure to maintain ties, and the misconception that it offers protection. ADD Primary data has directly been taken from the Chepang community through interview, and Previous studies, book, articles, bulletin, journal are used as a secondary data. This paper employs qualitative research methods, including semi-structured interviews with twenty households and case studies involving two Chepang women, to explore the causes and consequences of child marriage in the study area. Its consequences are profound, directly impacting girls' health and education. Many girls drop out before completing primary education due to domestic responsibilities like cooking and household chores. Early pregnancies, despite physical immaturity, contribute to high maternal and child mortality rates. The statement effectively highlights the multifaceted issue of child marriage in the Chepang community, touching on key factors such as socio-cultural norms, purity, economic pressures, and educational limitations. It also emphasizes the negative impacts of early marriage on health, education, and economic independence, reinforcing cycles of poverty and gender inequality. The proposed solutions education, legal enforcement, awareness, and promoting gender equality are crucial for addressing this issue. However, a deeper exploration of specific interventions tailored to the Chepang community's context could further strengthen the argument.
Emotional Intelligence as a Strategic Driver of Competitive Advantage and Service Quality in the Banking Industry
Authors: Chaudhary Manoj Kumar , Neupane Krishna , Dhungana Madan , Giri Bishnu
Published: October 2024

This research aims to determine whether emotional intelligence (EI), particularly in government-owned commercial banks, is a valid measure of service quality in the banking sector. The study aims to ascertain how emotional intelligence (EI) raises the caliber of services, with a particular emphasis on the departments of operations, credit, and customer service. Using a quantitative methodology, data were collected through purposive sampling from 284 employees in particular bank branches in Kathmandu. The findings show that emotional intelligence (EI) and service quality are highly correlated. Workers with higher EI are more adept at managing their emotions, positively relating to clients, and offering superior customer service. Self-awareness, social awareness, and relationship management are crucial in enhancing service quality, with relationship management exerting the most significant influence. The study's limited scope focusing only on government-owned banks in a particular area may restrict its applicability opening up new avenues for future studies on emotional intelligence in private banking and other sectors of the economy.
Revenue Trend Analysis of Bharatpur Metropolitan City (BMC), Nepal
Authors: Jagannath Aryal  , Bed Prasad Dhakal
Published: October 2024

The present study aims to explore a comprehensive analysis of the revenue trends with special focus on the case of Bharatpur Metropolitan City. The study adopts a quantitative research design, employing document analysis, and an observation checklist. This study presents findings over the last 13 years 2067 to 2079, focusing on three key headings: Tax related to Land and Property, Service fee and Tariff and Dividend tax. Tax related to Land and Property encompasses taxes such as property tax, Malpot tax, business tax, house rent tax and homeland registration tax it exhibited the most substantial growth. Service fee and tariff represent the total sum of service fees and tariff, including fees for Building permits, event registration, and fines, relationship certification, education fees, electricity fees and parking fees. This variable showed initial growth but also experienced fluctuations. Dividend tax includes vehicle tax, entertainment tax, and advertising tax, showing modest yet steady growth, despite having the smallest contribution, it displayed consistent growth. The study underscores the diverse contributions of these revenue sources, emphasizing the need for strategic planning to stabilize and enhance the financial health of BMC by optimizing each revenue stream’s potential.
Fish Distribution Pattern and Management in the Tinau River, Palpa
Authors: Narayan Baral  , Hira Bahadur Rana  , Dolma Reshmi
Published: October 2024

For study direct observation, survey, questionnaire, interviews and discussion method are used to meet the objectives. The main objectives of the study were fish distribution pattern and fish management. The field work was performed between September 2016 to june 2017 of different five stations in Tinau river. Local fishermen were also used for the collection of fishes from sampling sites. Cast net, hook, Bhureli jal and Nets (Jhal) other locally available devices were used for the collection of fish sample. Altogether 5 orders, 9 families, 14 genera and 25 species were found in the study area. Among them 19 fish species from Station I, 16 fish Species from Station II and station III, 10 fish species from Station IV and 7 species from Station V were collected with the help of local fisherman. Fish species such as Channa punctatus, Puntius conchonius and Glyptothorax pectinopterus were found to be clumped in distribution while the rest of the fishes were uniformly distributed. Cyprinids were found to be the most common and dominant among all the species. The human impacts like construction of dam, bridges, riverbed extraction, bank erosion, illegal fishing and use of poisonous chemicals effects on the fish distribution and management directly of the Tinau river. For the management practices like implementation of strict rules and regulations, made ladder for fish passing, construction of fish barrier, plantation, control water pollution and awareness programmes should be done with the help of local people and other institutions. This study helps the local people to pay more attention towards the knowledge about indigenous or locally found fishes and proper management of the Tinau river.
Factors Influencing Inflation: Insights from the Nepalese Economy
Authors: Santosh Khanal  , Shantosh Paudel
Published: October 2024

Inflation is a persistent issue in developing nations such as Nepal, resulting in serious economic and social consequences. This article examines the macroeconomic determinants of inflation in Nepal, considering the variables as government expenditure, exchange rate remittances, real GDP, and the consumer price index of India. Using the time series data from 1975 to 2023. It employs the Engel-Granger two-step cointegration test to examine the short- and long-term causal connections between Nepal's consumer price index (inflation) and all of these variables. The augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test confirms that the variables are stationary at first difference, suggesting they possess an integrated order of I. The Engel-Granger test established that there is co-integration among the variables. Additionally, the error correction term (ECT) was found to be statistically significant, with a negative coefficient. The causal association between the selected dependent and explanatory variables in Nepal is both significant and persistent. The empirical findings suggest that India's inflation highly affects inflation in Nepal. Furthermore, the enduring effects of broad money supply and government expenditure are also substantial factors. The results indicate an inverse relationship between inflation and real GDP in Nepal, whereas remittances have no significant impact on consumer prices in the nation. So, it is vital to control inflation to be able to deal with poverty and economic growth. Policies are needed to keep the inflation target range around the optimum inflation rate to accelerate the pace of economic growth and ensure that the adverse effect inflation has on economic growth is minimized.
Determinants of Youth Unemployment in Nepal
Authors: Sharda Prasad Bhattarai
Published: October 2024

Both developed and developing countries are facing youth unemployed problems. The main objective of the study is to identify the determinants of youth unemployment in Nepal, using secondary data. For empirical analysis, the study uses multivariate Logit regression model to identify the determinants of youth unemployment. The logistic model shows that the sample variables like time spend in farm, ever-married, communication, completed school year, training have positive relationship with probability of being youth unemployed whereas urban, house ownership, male, household size, Koshi Pradesh, Bagmati Pradesh, Gandaki Pradesh, Lumbini Pradesh, Karnali Pradesh and Sudurpaschim Pradesh have negative relationship with proability of being youth unemployed. The sample variables like as time spend in farm, completed school year, Koshi Pradesh, Bagmati Pradesh, Gandaki Pradesh, Lumbini Pradesh, Karnali Pradesh and Sudurpaschim Pradesh are significant at 1 percent level and other explanatory variable like urban, ever-married, house ownership, communication, male, training, household size are not significant but they are important determinants of youth unemployment. This study suggests that more investment on education, improve agriculture sector, emphasis on regional balance and consider the determinant factors.
धर्मपाल राजकुमार लोककथामा अभिप्राय
Authors: एकनारायण Eknarayan पौड्याल Paudyal
Published: October 2024

यस अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखमा नेपाली लोककथा 'धर्मपाल राजकुमार' मा प्रयुक्त अभिप्रायहरूको अध्ययन गरिएको छ । अध्ययनका क्रममा प्रयुक्त अभिप्रायका प्रकारको निरूपण गरिएको छ । एउटै कथाका पाठभेद धेरै हुन सक्ने भएकाले बोधविक्रम अधिकारीद्वारा सङ्कलन गरी नेपाली दन्त्यकथामा प्रकाशित कथालाई विश्लेष्य पाठका रूपमा लिइएको छ र यो प्राथमिक सामग्रीका रूपमा रहेको छ भने अभिप्रायका बारेमा लेखिएका पुस्तकहरू द्वितीयक सामग्रीका रूपमा रहेका छन् । गुणात्मक प्रकृतिको यस अध्ययनमा व्याख्यात्मक तथा विश्लेषणात्मक विधि अवलम्बन गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत कथामा केकस्ता अभिप्राय प्रयुक्त छन् र तिनले कथालाई सुन्दर बनाउन केकस्तो भूमिका खेलेका छन् भन्ने मुख्य समस्याको समाधानमा केन्द्रित यस अध्ययनमा सपना, राक्षस, पुनर्जन्म, असाधारण कार्य र लोकविश्वाससँग सम्बन्धित गरी पाँच प्रकारका अभिप्राय प्रयोग भएका र तिनका प्रयोगले कथा रोचक र प्रभावकारी बनेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
एक चिहान उपन्यासमा सारवस्तु
Authors: नारायणप्रसाद Narayanprasad पन्थ Panth
Published: October 2024

प्रस्तुत लेखमा हृदयचन्द्रसिंह प्रधानद्वारा लिखित एक चिहान उपन्यासमा सन्निहित सारवस्तुको निरूपण गरिएको छ । यस लेखको प्रमुख अनुसन्धेय क्षेत्र सारवस्तुको सैद्धान्तिक अवधारणालाई आधार मानी एक चिहान उपन्यासमा निहित सारवस्तुको निरूपण गर्नु हो । यसको उद्देश्य विश्लेष्य उपन्यासमा अभिव्यक्त सारवस्तुको स्वरूपलाई पाठ विश्लेषण विधिका आधारमा विश्लेषण तथा मूल्याङ्कन गर्नु हो । यस क्रममा एक चिहान उपन्यासलाई प्राथमिक स्रोतसामग्रीका रूपमा लिइएको छ भने सारवस्तुको सिद्धान्त निर्माणका लागि उपयोग गरिएका सामग्री द्वितीयक स्रोतका रूपमा रहेका छन् र आवश्यक सामग्रीको सङ्कलन पुस्तकालयीय कार्यबाट गरिएको छ । यस लेखमा उपन्यासको सारवस्तुमा प्रगतिशील विचारको सञ्चार कसरी भएको छ भन्ने मुख्य समस्यामूलक प्रश्नमा केन्द्रित रही यसको सैद्धान्तिक पर्याधारका सापेक्षमा सारवस्तुको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस लेखमा उपन्यासकारको लेखन सामाजिक जीवनका पृष्ठभूमिमा विषयलाई केन्द्रित गरी प्रगतिशील विचारको सञ्चार गराउनमा सफल रहेको पाइन्छ । यिनका लेखनको खास प्राप्ति सामाजिक सुधारको सन्देश दिनु भएकाले यस लेखमा एक चिहान उपन्यासमा श्रमजीवी किसान वर्गलाई सङ्घर्ष गर्न प्रेरित गरी नेवार, पर्वते र मधेसीका बिचमा आपसी जातीय सद्भाव कायम गरी राष्ट्रिय एकता कायम गर्नुपर्ने धारणा व्यक्त गर्दै आफू अनुकूलको कर्म गरी अन्याय र अत्याचारका विरुद्ध लड्नुपर्ने विचारलाई मुख्य सारवस्तुका रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । यस लेखबाट प्राप्त निष्कर्ष प्राज्ञिक दृष्टिले उपयोगी र औचित्यपूर्ण रहेको छ ।
कुञ्जिनी खण्डकाव्यमा स्वच्छन्दतावाद
Authors: प्रेमप्रसाद Premprasad तिवारी Tiwari
Published: October 2024

प्रस्तुत लेखमा लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटाद्वारा लिखित कुञ्जिनी खण्डकाव्यलाई स्वच्छन्दतावादी अवधारणाका आधारमा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस लेखमा कुञ्जिनी खण्डकाव्यलाई आधारभूत वा प्राथमिक स्रोत सामग्रीका रूपमा लिइएको छ भने स्वच्छन्दतावाद तथा कुञ्जिनी खण्डकाव्यका बारेमा गरिएका अध्ययन विश्लेषणलाई द्वितीयक स्रोत सामग्री मानिएको छ । यस लेखमा प्रयोग गरिएका दुवै स्रोतका सामग्रीको सङ्कलन पुस्तकालयीय कार्यबाट गरिएको छ । यस लेखमा आत्मिक प्रेमको प्रस्तुति, प्रकृतिचित्रण, ग्रामीण एवम् राष्ट्रिय सांस्कृतिक पक्षको चित्रण, लोकलयको प्रयोग, द्रुततर आशुलेखन, लोकप्रसिद्ध गाथाको प्रयोग, स्वच्छन्दतावादी प्रगतिवादी चेत, भाषाशैली तथा अलङ्कार प्रयोग जस्ता स्वच्छन्दतावादी अवधारणाका आधारमा कृतिको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस लेखमा देवकोटाले लोकप्रसिद्ध गाथा प्रयोग गरी आत्मिक प्रेमप्रतिको आफ्नो दृष्टिकोण अभिव्यक्त गरेको कुरा आएको छ । यस लेखमा गोरे र कुञ्जिनीका बिचको प्रेमलाई मुख्य विषयवस्तु बनाएर रचना गरिएको कुञ्जिनी खण्डकाव्यमा प्रेममा मिलन, बाधा व्यवधान, बिछोड र मृत्युपछि स्वर्गमा भएको मिलनसम्मको विषय आएको भन्ने कुरा देखाइएको छ । यस लेखमा आत्मिक प्रेम, प्रकृतिप्रेम, ग्रामीण सभ्यताप्रतिको रुचि एवम् नेपाली राष्ट्रिय संस्कृतिका विविध पक्षको चित्रण गरिएका कारण यो कृति स्वच्छन्दतावादको उत्कृष्ट नमुना बनेको छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
دور سلوكيات صوت الموظف في فاعلية أداء فرق العمل المدارة ذاتياً بحث ميداني في المديرية العامة لتربية الانبار
Authors: عذراء محسن عبد  , حكيم خليل إبراهيم  , ياسر لطيف خلف
Published: October 2024

هدف البحث على بناء واختبار انموذج يفسر دور سلوكيات صوت الموظف كمتغير تفسيري والمتمثل بأبعاده (سلوك صوت الموظف التعزيزي، سلوك صوت الموظف المانع) في فاعلية أداء فرق العمل المدارة ذاتيا كمتغير مستجيب وتمثل بالأبعاد (أداء الفريق، جودة حياة العمل، تقليل سلوك الانسحاب) ولدراسة مشكلة البحث قدم البحث عرضا نظريا لما كتبه وتناوله الباحثين حول مفهومي (سلوكيات صوت الموظف وفرق العمل المدارة ذاتيا) بعد تنظيم منهجي لفرضيات منطقية تجسدت بأنموذج افتراضي، اذ تم اختباره بعدد من الأساليب الإحصائية اعتمدت لتحليل البيانات التي جُمعت في ضوء استجابة عينة من مديري ورؤساء اقسام وشعب مديرية تربية محافظة الانبار البالغ عددها (46) فردا صُممت لأغراض البحث، اذ تم الاستعانة ببرنامج التحليل الاحصائي ( (SPSS كما تم اعتماد المنهج الوصفي التحليلي كمنهج للبحث واظهرت النتائج صحة اغلب فرضيات البحث، والتي كان من ابرزها وجود علاقة ارتباط ذات دلالة معنوية بين سلوكيات صوت الموظف وأداء فرق العمل المدارة ذاتيا كما يعد سلوك الموظف من السلوكيات الايجابية التي ينتهجها بعض الموظفين في المنظمات العامة اما التوصيات فكان ابرزها ضرورة اهتمام المنظمات العامة بسلوك صوت الموظف وتوفير بيئة مشجعة لإبداء الرأي واعطائهم الحرية الكاملة للتعبير عن مقترحاتهم وحل مشاكلهم
تأثير رضا اتصالات التسويق الداخلي في تعزيز دوران العمل(دراسة لاراء عينة من العاملين في بعض متاحف بغداد)
Authors: هاله هادي صالح  , مثنى معان ابراهيم
Published: October 2024

تهدف الدراسة الى معرفة طبيعة العلاقة بين رضا اتصالات التسويق الداخلي المتمثلة بأبعادها السبعة(مناخ الاتصالات والعلاقة مع الرؤساء والتكامل التنظيمي وجودة الوسائط والمنظور التنظيمي والتغذية العكسية الشخصية والعلاقة مع المرؤوسين) وتأثيره بدوران العمل إذ شخصت مشكلة الدراسة في الاجابة عن التساؤل الرئيسي: هل لرضا اتصالات التسويق الداخلي تأثير في دوران العمل؟ وتتضح اهمية الدراسة في أبراز دور رضا اتصالات التسويق الداخلي لدوران العمل وما ينتج عنه من ردود فعل ايجابية  تظهر بسلوك العاملين واعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي الاستطلاعي والتحليلي واستخدمت الاستبانة كأداة رئيسة في جمع المعلومات و البيانات التى تتكون من (57) فقرة وجمعت البيانات عبر عينة مكونة من (171) عاملاً في المتحف الوطني والمتحف البغدادي ومتحف التاريخ الطبيعي داخل مدينة بغداد واعتمدت الدراسة برنامج(SPSS  V29)وبرنامج(AMOS V29) وتم استخدام عدد من المقاييس  والاساليب الاحصائية وكانت أهمها(الانحراف المعياري و(Z-TEST)  ومعامل الارتباط بيرسون وتحليل الانحدار الخطي البسيط)وتوصلت الدراسة الى مجموعة استنتاجات اهمها أن الراتب الوظيفي لا يتناسب مع مؤهلات ومتطلبات الحياة للعاملين في المتحف، لذا فقرار اختيار العمل في المتحف لم يكن قرارا موفقاً والعاملون تراودهم باستمرار فكرة مغادرة العمل في المتحف.
Hubungan Dukungan Sosial Teman Sebaya Dengan Motivasi Belajar Pada Siswa SMA
Authors: Isrofi Warsita , Ghozali Rusyid Affandi
Published: October 2024

Motivasi belajar merupakan salah satu komponen paling penting untuk menunjang kesuksesan belajar dari siswa sekaligus dapat memiliki pencapaian yang memuaskan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan sosial dengan motivasi belajar pada siswa SMA X Sidoarjo. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif.  Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMA X Sidoarjo dengan jumlah sebanyak 852 Siswa. Selanjutnya bedasarkan tabel Isaac Michael dengan taraf kesalahan 5% didapatkan jumlah sampel sebanyak 260 siswa menengah pertama melalui teknik stratified random sampling. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan skala psikologi dukungan sosial teman sebaya dan motivasi belajar. Skala berjenis likert dengan 4 alternatif jawaban yaitu sangat tidak setuju, tidak setuju, setuju, dan sangat setuju. Analisa data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisa pearson product moment correlation. Hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara dukungan sosial teman sebaya dan motivasi belajar (r = 0,141, p-value = 0,023). Penelitian ini mengimplikasikan pentingnya terciptanya lingkungan sosial yang baik bagi siswa, sehingga dukungan sosial antar siswa dapat terbentuk.
Kata kunci: dukungan sosial teman sebaya, motivasi belajar, siswa SMA
Hermenéutica y psicoanálisis intersubjetivo: posibilidades de una clínica interdisciplinaria
Authors: Velasco Casas Irma Jazmín
Published: October 2024

Resumen. Velasco Casas, Irma Jazmín. Hermenéutica y psicoanálisis intersubjetivo: posibilidades de una clínica interdisciplinaria. En este trabajo examino la intersección entre hermenéutica y psicoanálisis para valorar la propuesta epistemológica de la teoría intersubjetiva de Donna M. Orange. En un primer momento, esbozo las principales concepciones acerca de la hermenéutica, que servirán como hilo conductor para abordar el fenómeno de la interpretación y sus condiciones de posibilidad. Posteriormente, destaco las contribuciones clave de las hermenéuticas de Hans–Georg Gadamer y Paul Ricoeur, las cuales serán esenciales para el desarrollo de la epistemología de Orange. En la sección final expongo la teoría intersubjetiva y presento conclusiones acerca de la construcción de una clínica psicoanalítica interdisciplinaria.
Narrativas sobre el estilo y la historia en Michel Foucault. Pensar una singularidad
Authors: Arellano Esteban
Published: October 2024

Resumen. Arellano, Esteban. Narrativas sobre el estilo y la historia en Michel Foucault. Pensar una singularidad. Michel Foucault establece una forma y un estilo de trabajo que le permiten crear artefactos de pensamiento específicos. El pensamiento del francés abre posibilidades de abordajes singulares sobre determinados problemas surgidos en los intersticios de la historia, el archivo, la heterogeneidad de espacios, los elementos discursivos y el poder. En el presente trabajo planteo la posibilidad de un recorrido narrativo que dé cuenta de algunas implicaciones y consecuencias de la creación de objetos de investigación en la escritura de Foucault, señalando tanto un camino de creación dentro de su forma estilística de proposición de método como sus alcances.
The Effect of Heat Flux on the Steam Oxidation Kinetics and Scale Morphology of Low Alloy Materials
Authors: Fry A. T. , Brown L. J. , Banks J. P.
Published: October 2024

The drive for increased efficiency and carbon reduction in next-generation boilers is pushing conventional materials to their limits in terms of strength and oxidation resistance. While traditional isothermal testing of simple coupons provides some insight into material performance, it fails to accurately represent the heat transfer conditions present in operational boilers. This paper introduces a novel test method designed to evaluate the degradation of candidate materials under more realistic heat flux conditions. The method, applied to tubular specimens using both laboratory air and steam as cooling media, demonstrates a significant impact of thermal gradients on material performance. Initial comparisons between tubular heat flux specimens and flat isothermal specimens of 15Mo3 revealed increased oxidation kinetics and altered oxide morphology under heat flux conditions. The paper details the design of this heat flux test, presents results from initial work on 15Mo3 under air and steam conditions, and includes findings from further studies on oxides formed on 2-1/4Cr material under both heat flux and isothermal conditions. This research represents a crucial step toward more accurate prediction of material behavior in next-generation boiler designs.
The Role of Boron in the Long-Term Stability of a CrMoCoB (FB2) Steel for a Rotor Component
Authors: Gianfrancesco A. Di , Cipolla L. , Paura M. , Vipraio S. Tiberi , Venditti D. , Neri S. , Calderini M.
Published: October 2024

Research conducted under European COST programs has demonstrated the beneficial role of boron in enhancing the microstructural stability and creep performance of new martensitic steels. The FB2 steel (a 10%Cr steel containing Co and B, without W) emerged as the most promising candidate and was successfully scaled up to a full industrial rotor component by Società delle Fucine. Extensive creep testing, now reaching 50,000 hours, indicates an improvement of 15-20 MPa over Grade 92 at 600°C for 100,000 hours. STEM and X-ray analysis of long-term aged specimens confirmed that boron significantly enhances precipitate stability compared to Grade 91 and 92 steels, validating its role as a creep-strengthening element and stabilizer of carbides and martensitic structure.
Alloy Design of Ni-Base Superalloys Aiming for Over 750°C Class A-USC Steam Power Plant
Authors: Sato Jun , Kamoshida Hironori , Imano Shinya , Omori Toshihiro , Ishida Kiyohito
Published: October 2024

A new Ni-base superalloy has been developed for Advanced Ultra Super Critical (A-USC) power plants operating above 750°C, targeting reduced CO2 emissions through improved efficiency. While existing research focuses on 700°C-class materials, this study presents a novel alloy design for higher-temperature applications. Using the CALPHAD method, a prototype alloy (Ni-23Co-18Cr-8W-4Al-0.1C) was developed by eliminating Ti, Nb, and Ta to improve hot-workability while maintaining strength. The resulting alloy demonstrates twice the creep strength of Nimonic 263, with an estimated 105 h steam turbine creep resistance temperature of 780°C, marking a significant advancement in A-USC material capabilities.
The Manufacture of Large, Complex Fossil Components Using Powder Metallurgy and HIP Technologies—A Feasibility Study
Authors: Gandy D. , Shingledecker J. , Lherbier L.
Published: October 2024

The manufacture of large, complex components for ultra-supercritical and oxy-combustion applications will be extremely costly for industry over the next few decades as many of these components will be manufactured from expensive, high strength, nickel-based alloys casting and forgings. The current feasibility study investigates the use of an alternative manufacturing method, powder metallurgy and hot isostatic processing (PM/HIP), to produce high quality, and potentially less expensive components for power generation applications. Benefits of the process include manufacture of components to near-net shapes, precise chemistry control, a homogeneous microstructure, increased material utilization, good weldability, and improved inspectability.
Development Status of Ni-Fe Base Superalloy for 700 °C Class A-USC Steam Turbine Rotor Application
Authors: Imano Shinya , Sato Jun , Kamoshida Hironori , Saito Eiji , Kajikawa Koji , Ohsaki Satoru , Takahashi Tatsuya
Published: October 2024

A modified version of Alloy 706, designated FENIX-700, was developed using the CALPHAD method to improve high-temperature stability above 700°C. The new alloy features reduced Nb and increased Al content, relying on γ' (Ni3Al) strengthening while eliminating γ'' (Ni3Nb), δ, and η phases. This modification improved both creep temperature capability (from 650°C to 700°C) and segregation properties. Successful manufacturing trials included a 760 mm² forging shaft using triple melt processing and a 1050 mm ESR ingot, demonstrating industrial viability. The study also explores compatible Ni-base welding materials for joining FENIX-700 to 12% Cr ferritic steel in 700°C class steam turbine applications.
Creep-Fatigue in Steam Turbine Materials
Authors: Holdsworth S. R.
Published: October 2024

The creep-fatigue properties of steam turbine materials such as the 1%CrMoV steel traditionally adopted for steam inlet temperatures up to ~565°C, the newer advanced 9-11%Cr steels for applications up to ~600°C, and the nickel based Alloy 617 for potential use to >700°C are reviewed, in particular with reference to their cyclic/hold test crack initiation endurances. The results of cyclic/hold creep-fatigue tests are commonly employed to establish the damage summation diagrams used to form the basis of a number of creep-fatigue assessment procedures, and it is demonstrated that care should be exercised in the way such diagrams are interpreted to compare the creep-fatigue resistances of different alloy types. The form of such damage diagrams is dependent, not only on the analytical procedures used to define the respective fatigue and creep damage fractions, but also on both the deformation and damage interaction mechanisms displayed by the material.
Nondestructive Evaluation Methods of Microstructure in Power Plant Steel Grades
Authors: Meir S. , Liu S. , Mishra B. , Olson D.L. , Lasseigne A.N. , Coleman K. , Hellner R.
Published: October 2024

Critical sections of steam plants and heat-recovery steam generators require materials with enhanced properties such as 9Cr-1Mo steel. Ensuring compliance with specifications for heat treatment, chemical composition, contamination limits, and joint design is crucial to prevent premature failures. This study describes the development of a user-friendly, multi-property nondestructive sensor arrangement to qualify heat-treated 9Cr-1Mo steel. Experimental results demonstrate that correlations between thermal heat treatment and electronic, magnetic, and elastic measurements can determine if T91 steel achieves the necessary microstructure and properties for service. Additionally, rejected parts can be assessed for microstructural issues causing unacceptable properties. The techniques utilize a common electronic setup with different sensors, requiring calibration for specific NDE systems and sensor setups, high-speed data acquisition, and frequency analysis (FFT). Further development on crept and welded samples is recommended to enhance NDE practices for in-service T91 steel conditions.
Creep-Rupture Property Assessment for 9-12% Cr Ferritic Heat-Resistant Steels
Authors: Peng Z. F. , Dang Y. Y. , Peng F. F.
Published: October 2024

A new methodology challenges the conventional use of a constant C-value in the Larson-Miller Parameter (LMP) for 9-12% Cr ferritic steels, proposing instead a multi-C region analysis to address creep strength breakdown issues. Using NIMS data and other publications, the study demonstrates that C-values vary both between steel types and across stress regions. The new approach enables prediction of long-term (105 hours) creep rupture properties using only short-term (5×103 hours) test data, while d[g(σ)]/d[P(tr,T)] versus P(tr,T) analysis provides insight into property stability. This methodology offers a more cost-effective and accurate approach to acquiring and assessing long-term creep rupture data for these heat-resistant steels.
P(T)91 Steel-A Review of Current Code and Fabrication Practices
Authors: Goswami Pradip
Published: October 2024

Advanced chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steels 9CrMoV [P(T)91] have seen extensive global adoption across power, petrochemical, and other industrial sectors over the past decade, driven by the demand for materials with superior high-temperature properties to improve efficiency. Experience with P(T)91 base metals and weldments has revealed that these steels require substantially more attention than the commonly used P(T)22 grade and similar materials. This presentation examines Grade 91's various design code requirements across power, petroleum, and nuclear industries, focusing on fabrication and welding considerations. The discussion covers critical material properties and heat treatment parameters, including the significance of maintaining proper preheat and interpass temperatures, while highlighting the risks associated with interrupted heating cycles and improper postweld heat treatment. The paper also addresses factors influencing the use, development, and procurement of Modified Grade 91 welding consumables for heavy wall applications, and explores the subtle technical differences between North American and European approaches to production and utilization, ultimately emphasizing the considerable care required during joining processes to ensure acceptable long-term properties.
Performance of Al-Rich Oxidation Resistant Coatings for Fe-Base Alloys
Authors: Pint B. A.
Published: October 2024

Diffusion aluminide coatings have been evaluated as a strategy for improving the oxidation resistance of austenitic and ferritic-martensitic (FM) steels, particularly in the presence of steam or water vapor. The objective was to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of these coatings and quantify their performance and lifetime. Long-term diffusion and oxidation experiments were conducted to study the behavior of various model diffusion coatings and produce a better data set for lifetime predictions. The key findings are that (1) thin coatings (<50μm) with relatively low Al contents appear to be more effective because they avoid high thermal expansion intermetallic phases and have less strain energy to nucleate a crack; and (2) the low Al reservoir in a thin coating and the loss of Al due to interdiffusion are not problematic because the low service temperatures of FM steels (<600°C) and, for austenitic steels at higher temperatures, the phase boundary between the ferritic coating-austenitic substrate inhibits Al interdiffusion. Unresolved issues center on the effect of the coating on the mechanical properties of the substrate including the reaction of N in the alloy with Al.
Nano-Structured Erosion Resistant Coatings for Gas and Steam Turbines
Authors: Swaminathan V.P. , Wei Ronghua , Gandy David W.
Published: October 2024

Solid particle erosion (SPE) and liquid droplet erosion (LDE) cause severe damage to turbine components and lead to premature failures, business loss and rapier costs to power plant owners and operators. Under a program funded by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), nano­coatings are under development for application in steam and gas turbines to mitigate the adverse effects of PE and LPE on rotating blades and stationary vanes. Based on a thorough study of the available information, most promising coatings such as nano-structured titanium silicon carbo-nitride (TiSiCN), titanium nitride (TiN) and multilayered nano coatings were selected. TurboMet International (TurboMet) teamed with Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) with state-of-the-art nano-technology coating facilities with plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering (PEMS) method to apply these coatings on various substrates. Ti-6V-4Al, 12Cr, 17-4PH, and Custom 450 stainless steel substrates were selected based on the current alloys used in gas turbine compressors and steam turbine blades and vanes. Coatings with up to 30 micron thickness have been deposited on small test coupons. These are extremely hard coatings with good adhesion strength and optimum toughness. Tests conducted on coated coupons by solid particle erosion (SPE) and liquid droplet erosion (LDE) testing indicate that these coatings have excellent erosion resistance. The erosion resistance under both SPE and LDE test conditions showed the nano-structured coatings have high erosion resistance compared to other commercially produced erosion resistance coatings. Tension and high-cycle fatigue test results revealed that the hard nano-coatings do not have any adverse effects on these properties but may provide positive contribution.
Weldability of Inconel Alloy 740
Authors: Siefert J. A. , Tanzosh J. M. , Ramirez J. E.
Published: October 2024

Inconel alloy 740 is a precipitation-hardenable nickel-chromium-cobalt alloy with niobium, derived from Nimonic 263, and is considered a prime candidate for the demanding conditions of advanced ultrasupercritical boilers. It offers an exceptional combination of stress rupture strength and corrosion resistance under steam conditions of 760°C (1400°F) and 34.5 MPa (5000 psi), surpassing other candidate alloys. Initially, Inconel alloy 740 was prone to liquation cracking in sections thicker than 12.7 mm (0.50 in), but this issue has been resolved through modifications in the chemical composition of both the base and weld metals. Current concerns focus on the weld strength reduction factor for direct-age weldments. This has led to further development in welding Inconel alloy 740 using Haynes 282, which has higher creep strength and may mitigate the weld strength reduction factor. This study details successful efforts to eliminate liquation cracking and compares the properties of Inconel alloy 740 and Haynes 282 filler materials using the gas tungsten arc welding process.
A Practical Tutorial on ATE-Based Electrical Fault Isolation of Digital SoCs Using Photon Emission and Laser Voltage Imaging/Probing (2024 Update)
Authors: Endrinal Lesly
Published: October 2024

Presentation slides for the ISTFA 2024 Tutorial session “A Practical Tutorial on ATE-Based Electrical Fault Isolation of Digital SoCs Using Photon Emission and Laser Voltage Imaging/Probing (2024 Update).”
Osmanlı Şiirinde Rakibe Dair Şeytan ve Dîv Tasavvuru
Authors: Coşkun Hatice
Published: October 2024

Osmanlı şiirinin ana tipleri olan âşık, sevgili ve rakip arasındaki ilişki bu şiire konu olan düşünce, duygu, durum, olay ve hayallerin tasvir üslubunu şekillendirmiştir. Bu üçlünün iki ana unsuru olan sevgili ve rakibin tasavvuru, aynı zamanda şair olan âşığın duygu ve düşünce zaviyesinden şiire bürünmüş ve estetik geleneğin renkleriyle tasvirlerdeki yerini almıştır. Bu makalede âşık ve sevgili arasında engel olan rakibi anlatan şeytan ve dîv mazmunları incelenmiştir. İncelenen beyitlerde şeytan ve dîv benzetmelerinin kapsamında şeytan kavram alanında yer alan iblis, Azâzîl ve Ehrimen gibi benzetmelere de yer verilmiş ve bunlarla peygamber hikâyeleri arasında kurulan ilgi ve anlam ağlarına odaklanılmıştır. Osmanlı şiir estetiği ve düşüncesinin dayandığı temel kaynaklardan olan Kur’an-ı Kerim peygamber hikâyeleri anlamına gelen kısas-ı enbiyasıyla rakip tasvirlerine zengin bir ilham kaynağı olmuştur. Bu çalışmada rakibe dair şeytan ve dîv benzetmelerindeki derin anlamları anlamak amacıyla iktibas edilen veya telmihte bulunulan hadis ve ayetler, tasavvuf geleneğinin yorumları ve mitolojik bağlar değerlendirilecektir.
Bilge Karasu’nun Göçmüş Kediler Bahçesi Adlı Öykü Kitabını Dil Sapmaları Işığında Okumak
Authors: Güvenen Ebru
Published: October 2024

İnsanların duygularını, düşüncelerini, ait olduğu toplumdaki çağdaşlarına ve gelecek kuşaklara aktarmasını sağlayan dil, bununla kişisel ve toplumsal olma özelliğini bir arada bulundurmaktadır. Dilin en küçük öğesi olan sesten anlamlı mesaj bütünlüğü ifade eden cümleye kadar her unsuru; sosyal, siyasal ve kültürel yaşantısı hakkında bilgi veren kolektif bir belleğe işaret eder. Bu özellik; edebî metinlerde yeniliğin ve özgünlüğün temel alındığı üsluba dâhil olur. Dili değiştirme, bozma, dile yeni sözcükler ve sözcüklere yeni anlamlar katma, kullanım alanı daralmış ve/veya unutulmuş sözcükleri kullanma vb. şeklinde tanımlanabilecek dil sapmalarının; şair ve yazarların üslubuna ayırt edici bir özellik imkânı sağlamaktır. Türk Edebiyatında dil sapmasını en çok kullanan şairlerin İkinci Yeniciler olduğu, bununla birlikte aynı dönemde ortaya çıkan 1950 Kuşağı Öykücülerinin de sapmayı yoğun olarak kullandığı dikkati çeker. Bu bağlamda 1950 Kuşağı Öykücüleri arasında yer alan Bilge Karasu (1930-1995), öykülerinde dil sapmasına sıklıkla yer vererek kendine has bir üslup yakalamaya çalışmıştır. Nitekim Karasu’nun 1979’da yayımladığı ve masalsı ögelerin yer aldığı Göçmüş Kediler Bahçesi (GKB) adlı öykü kitabında hem kurgulama tekniği hem de kullandığı dil sapmalarıyla özgün bir anlatım tekniği gösterdiğinden söz edilebilir. Bu çalışmada söz konusu öykü kitabında yer alan sapmalar; sözcüksel, ses bilgisel (fonolojik), şekil bilgisel (morfolojik), yazımsal, anlamsal ve diyalektik sapmalar başlıkları çerçevesinde incelenmiştir.
Evrensel Hukuk İlkeleri Bağlamında Franz Kafka’nın Dava’sı
Authors: Şahin Can
Published: October 2024

Modern karşılaştırmalı edebiyat biliminin çalışma alanlarından birisi de edebiyatın diğer bilimlerle etkileşimi, alışverişi ve ortaklığıdır. Bu çalışmada edebiyat hukuk ilişkisine örnek olarak Alman edebiyatçısı Franz Kafka’nın Dava (Der prozess) adlı romanı, hukuk perspektifinden incelenmiştir. Franz Kafka, “bilinen gerçeklikten uzaklaşma” anlamına gelen “Kafkaesk” tarzı ile Dünya edebiyatında yazma stili yazarın kendi adıyla anılarak edebî bir kavrama dönüşen tek yazardır. Hukukçu kimliği olan Kafka, hukuk birikimini edebî eserlerine konu edinmiştir. Kafka’nın, üzerinde en çok durduğu konular; yargı sisteminin aksayan yönleri, kanunların uygulanması esnasında yaşanan hukuksuzluklar, hakkını arayan insanların çırpınışlarıdır. Dava romanında, ulaşılamayan ve sorgulanamayan bir otorite tarafından hukuka aykırı bir eylemi olmaksızın müphem bir suçlamayla karşı karşıya kalan, tutuklanan ve özgürlüğü elinden alınan Josef K.’nın hukuk adına alt üst edilen hayatı ve hukuksuzluk karşısındaki hukuk mücadelesi anlatılır. Dava romanında suçun niyetle ilişkilendirildiği, suçtan çok suçluya odaklanan, suçu belirtilmeyen sanığın suçsuzluğunun ispatını talep eden yani sanığın suçu kovaladığı absürt bir hukuk sistemi yürürlüktedir. Dava romanında hukuk, görünmezlik ağıyla çevrilmiştir: Suç, iddianame, duruşma, hâkim, savcı, avukat görünmez. Bu yönüyle Dava romanı, hukukun rafa kaldırıldığı, keyfi, otoriter, totaliter rejimlere dair bir öngörü ve eleştiri olarak okunabilir. Bu çalışmada, Kafka’nın Dava’sında yer alan hukuksuzluklar evrensel hukuk ilkeleri bağlamında tespit edilip hukuksuzluğa dönük eleştiriler ortaya konulmuştur.
Çocuk Edebiyatında Muhteva Sorunsalı: Enkaz Altındakiler Romanı Örneği
Authors: Yiğitoğlu Mustafa
Published: October 2024

İnsan yaşamının önemli dönemlerinden biri olan çocukluk, tarihî süreç içerisinde başta psikoloji ve pedagoji olmak üzere birçok disiplin tarafından yoğun bir ilgiyle ele alınmıştır. Kişiliğin şekillenmeye başladığı bu süreç, bireyin sonraki yaşamını da doğrudan etkilemektedir. Bu kritik dönemde hem aileler hem de ilgili kurumlar, çocukların belirli alanlardaki gelişimine yönelik çaba sarf etmekte ve onlara destek olmaktadır. Çocuğun ve çocukluğun öneminin anlaşılmasıyla, çocuk edebiyatının gelişimi de son yüzyılda ivme kazanmıştır. Ülkemizde Tanzimat Dönemi’nden itibaren gelişmeye başlayan çocuk edebiyatı, Cumhuriyet Dönemi’yle birlikte daha da yaygınlaşmış ve 2000’li yıllardan itibaren artan bir ilgi görmüştür. Bu doğrultuda ebeveynler ve uzmanlar, çocuğun okuyacağı eserlere daha fazla özen göstermeye başlamıştır. Kitapların, hitap ettiği yaş grubuna uygun olması, bu sürecin önemli bir parçası olarak görülmektedir. Okunacak eserlerin seçiminde çocuğun bedensel, zihinsel, duygusal ve sosyal gelişimi göz önünde bulundurulmaktadır. Özellikle ergenlik döneminde, söz konusu gelişim unsurlarının önemi artmaktadır. Dolayısıyla eserlerin sahip olduğu muhtevaya ayrıca dikkat edilmelidir. Bu çalışmada, çocuk edebiyatında muhteva konusu ele alınmış ve son yıllarda ortaokul öğrencileri tarafından yoğun bir ilgiyle okunan Beyza Alkoç’un Enkaz Altındakiler romanı bu bağlamda incelenmiştir. Romanın taşıdığı olumlu ve olumsuz iletiler, ilgili yaş grubunun gelişimi açısından değerlendirilmiştir.