bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bismuth Modified Carbon-Based Electrodes for the Determination of Selected Neonicotinoid Insecticides
Authors: Guzsvány Valéria , Papp Zsigmond , Zbiljić Jasmina , Vajdle Olga , Rodić Marko
Published: May 2011

Two types of bismuth modified electrodes, a bismuth-film modified glassy carbon (BiF-GCE) and a bismuth bulk modified carbon paste, were applied for the determination of selected nitroguanidine neonicotinoid insecticides. The method based on an ex situ prepared BiF-GCE operated in the differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) mode was applied to determine clothianidin in the concentration range from 2.5 to 23 μg cm−3 with a relative standard deviation (RSD) not exceeding 1.5%. The tricresyl phosphate-based carbon paste electrodes (TCP-CPEs), bulk modified with 5 and 20 w/w% of bismuth, showed a different analytical performance in the determination of imidacloprid, regarding the peak shape, potential window, and noise level. The TCP-CPE with 5% Bi was advantageous, and the developed DPV method based on it allowed the determination in the concentration range from 1.7 to 60 μg cm−3 with an RSD of 2.4%. To get a deeper insight into the morphology of the bismuth-based sensor surfaces, scanning electron microscopic measurements were performed of both the surface film and the bulk modified electrodes.
Information Theory Filters for Wavelet Packet Coefficient Selection with Application to Corrosion Type Identification from Acoustic Emission Signals
Authors: Van Dijck Gert , Van Hulle Marc M.
Published: May 2011

The damage caused by corrosion in chemical process installations can lead to unexpected plant shutdowns and the leakage of potentially toxic chemicals into the environment. When subjected to corrosion, structural changes in the material occur, leading to energy releases as acoustic waves. This acoustic activity can in turn be used for corrosion monitoring, and even for predicting the type of corrosion. Here we apply wavelet packet decomposition to extract features from acoustic emission signals. We then use the extracted wavelet packet coefficients for distinguishing between the most important types of corrosion processes in the chemical process industry: uniform corrosion, pitting and stress corrosion cracking. The local discriminant basis selection algorithm can be considered as a standard for the selection of the most discriminative wavelet coefficients. However, it does not take the statistical dependencies between wavelet coefficients into account. We show that, when these dependencies are ignored, a lower accuracy is obtained in predicting the corrosion type. We compare several mutual information filters to take these dependencies into account in order to arrive at a more accurate prediction.
1H NMR Spectroscopy-Based Metabolomic Assessment of Uremic Toxicity, with Toxicological Outcomes, in Male Rats Following an Acute, Mid-Life Insult from Ochratoxin A
Authors: Mantle Peter G. , Nicholls Andrew W. , Shockcor John P.
Published: May 2011

Overt response to a single 6.25 mg dose of ochratoxin A (OTA) by oral gavage to 15 months male rats was progressive loss of weight during the following four days. Lost weight was restored within one month and animals had a normal life-span without OTA-related terminal disease. Decline in plasma OTA concentration only commenced four days after dosing, while urinary excretion of OTA and ochratoxin alpha was ongoing. During a temporary period of acute polyuria, a linear relationship between urine output and creatinine concentration persisted. Elimination of other common urinary solutes relative to creatinine was generally maintained during the polyuria phase, except that phosphate excretion increased temporarily. 1H NMR metabolomic analysis of urine revealed a progressive cyclic shift in the group principal components data cluster from before dosing, throughout the acute insult phase, and returning almost completely to normality when tested six months later. Renal insult by OTA was detected by 1H NMR within a day of dosing, as the most sensitive early indicator. Notable biomarkers were trimethylamine N-oxide and an aromatic urinary profile dominated by phenylacetylglycine. Tolerance of such a large acute insult by OTA, assessed by rat natural lifetime outcomes, adds a new dimension to toxicology of this xenobiotic.
Droit pénal, changement social et économie psychique : difficultés du questionnement et plausibilité des rapprochements
Authors: Danti-Juan Michel
Published: May 2011

Résumé On ne saurait s’interroger sur les rapports existant entre le changement social, le droit pénal et l’économie psychique sans avoir préalablement souligné les difficultés d’un tel questionnement qui résultent à la fois des incertitudes caractérisant la nature exacte de la relation de causalité entre changement social et évolution du droit pénal et du grand nombre de paramètres supposés être pris en considération dans l’évaluation de l’influence que peut avoir l’évolution du droit pénal sur l’économie psychique. Sous ces réserves préalables, des rapprochements semblent pouvoir être établis néanmoins entre l’évolution de la répression et la valorisation de l’individu qui a pu éprouver un sentiment d’émancipation à la suite de certaines lois de dépénalisation ou ayant pour effet d’introduire certains mécanismes de consensualisation dans le droit procédural et des sanctions. On peut penser également que la protection de l’individu, aussi bien en sa qualité de victime à travers certaines incriminations qu’en qualité de délinquant à travers la personnalisation des peines, n’est pas dépourvue d’effet sur les états d’esprit. Enfin à bien des égards on peut penser que l’évolution du droit pénal aura sans doute eu un impact sur les mentalités à travers les efforts du législateur pour promouvoir des relations plus démocratiques aussi bien dans la famille avec l’égalité des filiations et l’égalité entre époux, concubins ou partenaires liés par un pacs que dans la cité avec la répression des comportements discriminatoires.
La famille contemporaine au prisme des procréations médicalement assistées
Authors: Mehl Dominique
Published: May 2011

Résumé La procréation médicalement assistée introduit de nouvelles configurations dans le paysage familial. Don de sperme, don d’ovocyte, mères porteuses, ces modes d’entrée en parenté impliquent le recours à une tierce personne. Donneurs de gamètes et gestatrices pour autrui concourent avec les parents légaux à la venue au monde de ces enfants nés grâce à la technique médicale. Les lois de bioéthique encadrent strictement ces pratiques, n’autorisant pas le tiers à figurer dans le dispositif parental. L’anonymat des dons de gamètes gomme le donneur, tandis que l’interdiction de la gestation pour autrui empêche l’émergence d’une autre figure maternelle. Or, le modèle sur lequel est calquée la procréation artificielle, celui de la famille dite naturelle, se fissure à l’heure où éclosent dans la société des familles monoparentales, recomposées, adoptives, homoparentales qui incarnent des scénarios à moins d’un parent ou plus de deux. L’évolution des mœurs ainsi que la médecine procréative invitent ainsi à s’interroger sur l’émergence de la famille pluriparentale.
Dépôt de plainte : de la mélancolisation à la quérulence comme figure de la plainte propre à la postmodernité
Authors: Reniers Dominique , Pinel Carole , Guillén Julio
Published: May 2011

Résumé On interroge ici la nécessité qu’impose la postmodernité de poser une clinique qui admette pour objet non pas la sémiologie mais la plainte du sujet. Une analyse des racines étymologiques du terme « plainte » donne à retenir deux formes matricielles de la plainte, selon que l’adresse y prévaut (plainte hystérique) ou selon qu’elle s’engage sur la voie d’un juridique donnant consistance à une plainte devenue revendication (plainte quérulente). L’analyse de ce second type de plainte révèle que c’est dans la continuité directe de la mélancolisation du sujet postmoderne qu’elle prend son authentique valeur. En écho direct au consommable et au « tout possible » promu au quotidien, le dépôt de plainte soulignerait qu’il en va d’un véritable discours « sans sujet », faisant de celui-ci l’enjeu d’une maîtrise dont il devient l’esclave.
Impact de la violence conjugale chez un enfant lors de sa prise en charge psychothérapique
Authors: Moreau Agnès
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’article, basé sur l’expérience d’une psychothérapeute spécialisée dans les prises en charge précoces parents-enfant, s’intéresse à la façon dont un traumatisme précoce peut être élaboré notamment au cours du jeu psychodramatique. Dans le cas de Paul, qui a été témoin de scènes de violence conjugale à un très jeune âge, le travail psychothérapeutique au long cours, qui passe largement par le jeu, a permis que les traumatismes qui faisaient effraction dans la psyché sous la forme de fragments non symbolisés deviennent représentables. Ce qui a induit un important processus de transformation du fonctionnement psychique de l’enfant.
Du groupe familial au groupe sectaire : une quête d'indifférenciation
Authors: Riand Raphaël
Published: May 2011

Résumé La clinique du lien sectaire sera envisagée dans sa dimension groupale tout en prenant en compte l’histoire familiale des adeptes. Il s’agit alors d’identifier les ressorts inconscients de l’adhésion sectaire sans nier la destructivité à l’œuvre dans ces groupes. Elle nous apparaît comme une tentative de sortir de l’emprise familiale en la remplaçant par un autre objet, tout en retrouvant ainsi un même lien indifférencié. Être adepte témoignerait d’une formidable envie du groupe dans sa dimension la plus indifférenciée.
Lorsque l'enfant ne paraît pas
Authors: Goussault Bénédicte , Jacob Bénédicte
Published: May 2011

Résumé Le projet d’enfant est un projet de couple qui souhaite un prolongement de lui-même et s’inscrit dans une forme de reconnaissance sociale… Cet article s’interroge sur l’expérience et les stratégies identitaires de couples stériles : les répercussions sur le couple et son devenir, les transformations qui s’ensuivent, les nouveaux équilibres, la reconstruction d’une identité de couple et d’une autre fécondité . Les trajectoires longues depuis la découverte de la stérilité jusqu’à son acceptation apparaissent comme des processus conduisant ces couples à de nouveaux équilibres, dans lesquels la quête personnelle rivalise avec et/ou s’appuie sur le couple.
Autopsie du corps sans organes
Authors: Duportail Guy-Félix
Published: May 2011

Résumé À partir de l’étude de la notion de corps sans organes dans L’anti-Œdipe et Mille Plateaux , G.-F. Duportail met au jour les thèses principales de ce qu’il appelle l’attitude schizoïde en philosophie. Il montre que cette identification du philosophe au schizophrène ouvre un champ d’exploration pour des jouissances autres, mais que l’antipsychanalisme qui l’accompagne n’est pas fondé. Le corps sans organes apparaît in fine comme un sinthome au sens de Lacan. En vérité, l’anti-structure prônée par L’anti-Œdipe et Mille Plateaux de G. Deleuze et F. Guattari décrit non pas une alternative au Nom-du-père, mais un devenir structure.
Perfection, harmonie et choix divin chez Leibniz : en quel sens le monde est-il le meilleur ?
Authors: Rateau Paul
Published: May 2011

Résumé Qu’est-ce qui fait, selon Leibniz, que notre monde peut être dit le meilleur possible ? Plusieurs interprétations, qu’il n’est pas toujours possible de concilier, ont été proposées. Il serait le meilleur, parce qu’en lui les créatures raisonnables obtiendraient le plus de félicité, parce qu’il réaliserait la plus grande quantité d’être et de réalité au total, ou encore parce qu’il serait celui qui associe les lois les plus simples avec les phénomènes les plus riches et les plus variés. L’objet de cet article est de montrer que le meilleur est à comprendre au sens de la méthode de Formis optimis, c’est-à-dire comme ce qui renvoie, dans un genre donné, à la forme la plus déterminée. Celle-ci est à la fois unique et la plus rationnelle. Ainsi, la perfection du monde ne vient pas de ce qu’il concentrerait la plus grande quantité d’essence et de bien (perfection quantitative), mais de ce qu’il constitue l’ordre le plus intelligible, où chaque chose, sans être forcément la plus parfaite en elle-même, contribue pourtant à l’harmonie universelle, cette unité d’une multiplicité qui remplit au mieux les fins divines (perfection qualitative ).
Leibniz et la perception du futur
Authors: Parmentier Marc
Published: May 2011

Résumé Dans le cadre de sa théorie des petites perceptions, Leibniz évoque des exemples de perceptions confuses du futur. Par ailleurs, sa théorie métaphysique de la substance individuelle incluant tous ses prédicats implique l’existence dans le sujet de « traces du futur », symétriques des traces du passé. L’objectif de l’article est d’étudier le rapport complexe entre anticipations de l’avenir et traces du futur, et, plus généralement, entre les déterminations psychologiques et métaphysiques des petites perceptions.
Les paradoxes de la singularité : infini et perception chez G.W. Leibniz
Authors: Rey Anne-Lise
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’article cherche à montrer comment l’usage du motif médiéval de la mesure du réel ou encore de la latitude des formes dans la Dynamique de Leibniz permet de comprendre les variations perceptives à l’œuvre dans la substance. La singularité d’une substance peut alors se lire à partir de sa quantité de perfection.
Airway Inflammation and IgE Production Induced by Dust Mite Allergen-Specific Memory/Effector Th2 Cell Line Can Be Effectively Attenuated by IL-35
Authors: Huang Chiung-Hui , Loo Evelyn Xiu-Ling , Kuo I-Chun , Soh Gim Hooi , Goh Denise Li-Meng , Lee Bee Wah , Chua Kaw Yan
Published: May 2011

CD4+ memory/effector T cells play a central role in orchestrating the rapid and robust immune responses upon re-encounter with specific Ags. However, the immunologic mechanism(s) underlying these responses are still not fully understood. To investigate this, we generated an allergen (major house dust mite allergen, Blo t 5)-specific murine Th2 cell line that secreted IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, but not IL-9 or TNF-α, upon activation by the cognate Ag. These cells also exhibited CD44highCD62L− and CD127+ (IL-7Rα+) phenotypes, which are characteristics of memory/effector T cells. Experiments involving adoptive transfer of this Th2 cell line in mice, followed by three intranasal challenges with Blo t 5, induced a dexamethasone-sensitive eosinophilic airway inflammation. This was accompanied by elevation of Th2 cytokines and CC- and CXC-motif chemokines, as well as recruitment of lymphocytes and polymorphic mononuclear cells into the lungs. Moreover, Blo t 5-specific IgE was detected 4 d after the last intranasal challenge, whereas elevation of Blo t 5-specific IgG1 was found at week two. Finally, pulmonary delivery of the pVAX–IL-35 DNA construct effectively downregulated Blo t 5-specific allergic airway inflammation, and i.m. injection of pVAX–IL-35 led to long-lasting suppression of circulating Blo t 5-specific and total IgE. This model provides a robust research tool to elucidate the immunopathogenic role of memory/effector Th2 cells in allergic airway inflammation. Our results suggested that IL-35 could be a potential therapeutic target for allergic asthma through its attenuating effects on allergen-specific CD4+ memory/effector Th2 cell-mediated airway inflammation.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Working Adults in Ethiopia
Authors: Tran A. , Gelaye B. , Girma B. , Lemma S. , Berhane Y. , Bekele T. , Khali A. , Williams M. A.
Published: May 2011

Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria among working East African adults.Design. This cross-sectional study of 1,935 individuals (1,171 men and 764 women) was conducted among working adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study was conducted in accordance with the STEPwise approach of the World Health Organization.Results. According to ATP III and IDF definitions, the overall prevalence of MetS was 12.5% and 17.9%, respectively. Using ATP III criteria, the prevalence of MetS was 10.0% in men and 16.2% in women. Application of the IDF criteria resulted in a MetS prevalence of 14.0% in men and 24.0% in women. The most common MetS components among women were reduced high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (23.2%) and abdominal obesity (19.6%); whilst reduced HDL-C concentrations (23.4%) and high blood pressure (21.8%) were most common among men.Conclusion. MetS and its individual components are prevalent among an apparently healthy working population in Ethiopia. These findings indicate the need for evidence-based health promotion and disease prevention programs; and more robust efforts directed towards the screening, diagnosis and management of MetS and its components among Ethiopian adults.
Human Papillomavirus Types 52 and 58 Are Prevalent in Uterine Cervical Squamous Lesions from Japanese Women
Authors: Takehara Kazuhiro , Toda Tamaki , Nishimura Toshinao , Sakane Junichi , Kawakami Yosuke , Mizunoe Tomoya , Nishiwaki Morie , Taniyama Kiyomi
Published: May 2011

Objective. To estimate the prevalence and genotypes of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) focusing HPV 16, 18, 52, and 58 in Japan. Methods. Liquid-base cytology specimens were collected from Japanese women (n=11022), aged 14–98. After classifying cytodiagnosis, specimens were analyzed for HPV DNA by the multiplex polymerase chain reaction method, where 1195 specimens were positive for cervical smear, except adenomatous lesions. Result. HPV genotypes were detected in 9.5% of NILM and 72.2% of ASC-US or more cervical lesions. In positive cervical smears, HPV genotypes were HPV 52 at 26.6%, HPV 16 at 25.2%, HPV 58 at 21.8%, and HPV 18 at 7.1%. Most patients infected with HPV 16 were between 20–29 years old, decreasing with age thereafter. As for HPV 52 and 58, although the detection rate was high in 30- to 39-year-olds, it also was significant in the 50s and 60s age groups. Conclusion. In Japan, as a cause of abnormal cervical cytology, HPV52 and 58 are detected frequently in addition to HPV 16. In older age groups, HPV 52 and 58 detection rates were higher than that observed for HPV 16. After widespread current HPV vaccination, we still must be aware of HPV 52 and 58 infections.
Acute Renal Replacement Therapy in Children with Diarrhea-Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: A Single Center 16 Years of Experience
Authors: Grisaru Silviu , Morgunov Melissa A. , Samuel Susan M. , Midgley Julian P. , Wade Andrew W. , Tee James B. , Hamiwka Lorraine A.
Published: May 2011

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is becoming more prevalent among hospitalized children, its etiologies are shifting, and new treatment modalities are evolving; however, diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+HUS) remains the most common primary disease causing AKI in young children. Little has been published about acute renal replacement therapy (ARRT) and its challenges in this population. We describe our single center's experience managing 134 pediatric patients with D+HUS out of whom 58 (43%) required ARRT over the past 16 years. In our cohort, all but one patient were started on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Most patients, 47 (81%), received acute PD on a pediatric inpatient ward. The most common recorded complications in our cohort were peritoneal fluid leaks 13 (22%), peritonitis 11 (20%), and catheter malfunction 5 (9%). Nine patients (16%) needed surgical revision of their PD catheters. There were no bleeding events related to PD despite a mean platelets count of 40.9 (±23.5) × 103/mm3and rare use of platelets infusions. Despite its methodological limitations, this paper adds to the limited body of evidence supporting the use of acute PD as the primary ARRT modality in children with D+HUS.
Peri-ampullary mixed acinar-endocrine carcinoma
Authors: Soubra Ayman , Faraj Walid , Saab Jad , Shamseddine Ali
Published: May 2011

Mixed acinar-endocrine carcinomas (MAEC) are rare tumors of the pancreas. We present the case of a patient with periampullary tumor that presented with painless jaundice and after investigation was found to have MAEC. He underwent pancreaticoduo-dunectomy with tumor free margins and negative lymph nodes. The patient presented with local recurrence and liver metastasis after 1 year and is on chemotherapy with stable lesions 30 months after the diagnosis.
Atmospheric new particle formation: real and apparent growth of neutral and charged particles
Authors: Leppä J. , Anttila T. , Kerminen V.-M. , Kulmala M. , Lehtinen K. E. J.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. In this study we have provided simple analytical formulae to estimate the growth rate of a nucleation mode due to self-coagulation and the apparent growth rate due to coagulation scavenging by larger particles. These formulae were used on a set of simulations covering a wide range of atmospheric conditions. The modal growth rates were determined from the simulation results by summing the contribution of each process, by calculating the increase rate in the count mean diameter of the mode and by following the peak concentration of the mode. The results of these three methods were compared with each other and the means used to estimate the growth rate due to self-coagulation and coagulation scavenging were found to give accurate values. We also investigated the role of charged particles and electric interactions in the growth of a nucleation mode. Charged particles were found to increase the growth rate due to both self-coagulation and coagulation scavenging by a factor of ~1.5 to 2. In case of increased condensation onto charged particles, the total condensational growth rate of a nucleation mode may increase significantly in the very early steps of the growth. The analytical formulae provided by this paper were designed to provide the growth rates due to different processes from aerosol dynamic simulations, but the same principles can be used to determine the growth rates from measurement data.
Measurements of aerosol charging states in Helsinki, Finland
Authors: Gagné S. , Leppä J. , Petäjä T. , McGrath M. J. , Vana M. , Kerminen V.-M. , Laakso L. , Kulmala M.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. The charging state of aerosol populations was measured with an Ion-DMPS in Helsinki, Finland between December 2008 and February 2010. Based on the charging states, we calculated the ion-induced nucleation fraction to be around 0.8 % ± 0.9 %. We review the role of ion-induced nucleation and propose different explanations for a low ion-induced nucleation participation in urban areas. We present a new method to retrieve the average charging state for an event, and a given size. We also use a new theoretical framework that allows for different concentrations of small cluster ions for different polarities (polarity asymmetry). We extrapolate the ion-induced fraction using polarity symmetry and asymmetry. Finally, a method to calculate the growth rates from the variation of the charging state as a function of the particle diameter using polarity symmetry and asymmetry is presented and used on a selection of new particle formation events.
TES ammonia retrieval strategy and global observations of the spatial and seasonal variability of ammonia
Authors: Shephard M. W. , Cady-Pereira K. E. , Luo M. , Henze D. K. , Pinder R. W. , Walker J. T. , Rinsland C. P. , Bash J. O. , Zhu L. , Payne V. H. , Clarisse L.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. Presently only limited sets of tropospheric ammonia (NH3) measurements in the Earth's atmosphere have been reported from satellite and surface station measurements, despite the well-documented negative impact of NH3 on the environment and human health. Presented here is a detailed description of the satellite retrieval strategy and analysis for the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) using simulations and measurements. These results show that: (i) the level of detectability for a representative boundary layer TES NH3 mixing ratio value is ~0.3 ppbv, which typically corresponds to a profile that contains a maximum level value of ~1 ppbv; (ii) TES NH3 retrievals provide at most one degree of freedom for signal (DOFS), with peak sensitivity between 700 and 900 mbar; (iii) TES NH3 retrievals show significant spatial and seasonal variability of NH3 globally; (iv) Initial comparisons of TES observations with GEOS-CHEM estimates show TES values being higher overall. Important differences and similarities between modeled and observed seasonal and spatial trends are noted, with discrepancies indicating areas where the timing and magnitude of modeled NH3 emissions from agricultural sources, and to lesser extent biomass burning sources, need further study.
Coexisting methane and oxygen excesses in nitrate-limited polar water (Fram Strait) during ongoing sea ice melting
Authors: Damm E. , Thoms S. , Kattner G. , Beszczynska-Möller A. , Nöthig E. M. , Stimac I.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. Summer sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean has undergone a reduction in the last decade exposing the sea surface to unforeseen environmental changes. Melting sea ice increases water stratification and induces nutrient limitation, which is also known to play a crucial role in methane formation in oxygenated surface water. We report on a hotspot of methane formation in the marginal ice zone in the western Fram Strait. Our study is based on measurements of oxygen, methane, DMSP, nitrate and phosphate concentrations as well as on phytoplankton composition and light transmission, conducted along the 79° N oceanographic transect. We show that between the eastern Fram Strait, where Atlantic water enters from the south and the western Fram Strait, where Polar water enters from the north, different nutrient limitation occurs and consequently different bloom conditions were established. Ongoing sea ice melting enhances the environmental differences and initiates regenerated production in the western Fram Strait. In a unique biogeochemical feedback process, methane production occurs despite an oxygen excess. We postulate that DMSP (dimethylsulfoniopropionate) released from sea ice may serve as a precursor for methane formation. Thus, feedback effects on cycling pathways of methane are likely, with DMSP catabolism in high latitudes possibly contributing to a warming effect on the earth's climate. This process could constitute an additional component in biogeochemical cycling in a seasonal ice-free Arctic Ocean. The metabolic activity (respiration) of unicellular organisms explains the presence of anaerobic conditions in the cellular environment. Therefore we present a theoretical model which explains the maintenance of anaerobic conditions for methane formation inside bacterial cells, despite enhanced oxygen concentrations in the environment.
Mechanisms of vegetation uprooting by flow in alluvial non-cohesive sediment
Authors: Edmaier K. , Burlando P. , Perona P.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. The establishment of riparian pioneer vegetation is of crucial importance within river restoration projects. After germination or vegetative reproduction on river bars juvenile plants are often exposed to mortality by uprooting caused by floods. At later stages of root development vegetation uprooting by flow is seen to occur as a consequence of a marked erosion gradually exposing the root system and accordingly reducing the mechanical anchoring. How time scales of flow-induced uprooting do depend on vegetation stages growing in alluvial non-cohesive sediment is currently an open question that we conceptually address in this work. After reviewing vegetation root issues in relation to morphodynamic processes, we then propose two modelling mechanisms (Type I and Type II), respectively concerning the uprooting time scales of early germinated and of mature vegetation. Type I is a purely flow-induced drag mechanism, which causes alone a nearly instantaneous uprooting when exceeding root resistance. Type II arises as a combination of substantial sediment erosion exposing the root system and resulting in a decreased anchoring resistance, eventually degenerating into a Type I mechanism. We support our conceptual models with some preliminary experimental data and discuss the importance of better understanding such mechanisms in order to formulate sounding mathematical models that are suitable to plan and to manage river restoration projects.
On the use of AMSU-based products for the description of soil water content at basin scale
Authors: Manfreda S. , Lacava T. , Onorati B. , Pergola N. , Di Leo M. , Margiotta M. R. , Tramutoli V.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. Characterizing the dynamics of soil moisture fields is a key issue in hydrology, offering a strategy to improve our understanding of complex climate-soil-vegetation interactions. Apart from in-situ measurements and hydrological models, soil moisture dynamics can be inferred by analyzing data acquired by sensors aboard satellite platforms. In this work, we investigated the use of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration – Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (NOAA-AMSU) radiometer for the remote characterization of soil water content. To this aim, a field measurement campaign, lasted about three months, was carried out using a portable time-domain reflectometer (TDR) to get soil water content measures over five different locations within an experimental basin of 32.5 km2, located in the South of Italy. In detail, soil moisture measurements have been carried out systematically at the times of satellite overpasses, over two square areas of 400 m2, a triangular area of 200 m2 and two transects of 60 and 170 m, respectively. Each monitored site is characterized by different land covers and soil textures, to account for spatial heterogeneity of land surface. Afterwards, a more extensive comparison (i.e. analyzing a 5-yr data time series) has been made using soil moisture simulated by a hydrological model. Achieved measured and modeled soil moisture data were compared with two AMSU-based indices: the Surface Wetness Index (SWI) and the Soil Wetness Variation Index (SWVI). Both indices have been filtered to account for soil depth by means of an exponential filter. This allowed to understand the ability of each satellite-based index to account for soil moisture dynamics and to understand its performances under different conditions. As a general remark, the comparison shows a higher ability of the filtered SWI to describe the state of the soil, while the SWVI can capture soil moisture variations with a precision that increases at the higher values of SWVI and it may represent a useful and reliable tool to frequently monitor the soil moisture state for flood forecasting purposes.
Comparison of MODIS-derived land surface temperatures with near-surface soil and air temperature measurements in continuous permafrost terrain
Authors: Hachem S. , Duguay C. R. , Allard M.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. In Arctic and sub-Arctic regions, meteorological stations are scattered and poorly distributed geographically; they are mostly located along coastal areas and are often unreachable by road. Given that high-latitude regions are the ones most significantly affected by recent climate warming, there is a need to supplement existing meteorological station networks with spatially continuous measurements such as those obtained by spaceborne platforms. In particular, land surface (skin) temperature (LST) retrieved from satellite sensors offer the opportunity to utilize remote sensing technology to obtain a consistent coverage of a key parameter for climate, permafrost, and hydrological research. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor aboard the Terra and Aqua satellite platforms offers the potential to provide spatial estimates of near-surface temperature values. In this study, LST values from MODIS were compared to ground-based near-surface air and soil temperature measurements obtained at herbaceous and shrub tundra sites located in the continuous permafrost zone of northern Québec, Canada, and the North Slope of Alaska, USA. LST values were found to be better correlated with near-surface air temperature (1–2 m above the ground) than with soil temperature (3–5 cm below the ground) measurements. A comparison between mean daily air temperature from ground-based station measurements and mean daily MODIS LST, calculated from daytime and nighttime temperature values of both Terra and Aqua acquisitions, for all sites and all seasons pooled together reveals a high correlation between the two sets of measurements (R>0.93 and mean difference of −1.86 °C). Mean differences ranged between −0.51 °C and −5.13 °C due to the influence of surface heterogeneity within the MODIS 1 km2 grid cells at some sites. Overall, it is concluded that MODIS offers a great potential for monitoring surface temperature changes in high-latitude tundra regions and provides a promising source of input data for integration into spatially-distributed permafrost models.
EFFECT OF CURE EFFICIENCY ON PROPERTIES OF GUM AND BLACK FILLED NATURAL RUBBER VULCANIZATES
Authors: Hamed Gary R. , Boonkerd Kanoktip
Published: May 2011

Effects of the sulfur cure efficiency on the reversion behavior and the normal and edge-cut tensile strength of gum and black filled natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates were studied. N, N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (DCBS) was used as an accelerator. A series of five vulcanizates with high to low cure efficiencies was prepared by increasing the sulfur (S) to DCBS ratios within the range of 0.26–6.66. All vulcanizates were formulated to have the same crosslink density. The degree of reversion (%) calculated from cure curves of gum and black filled NR at 20 min above the cure time (tc100) passed through maximum with decreasing cure efficiencies. For both gum and black filled NR, the highest degree of reversion (%) was observed at the S/DCBS ratio of 1.17. The normal tensile strengths of gum and black filled NR were directly proportional to the cure efficiency. For gum NR vulcanizates, the edge-cut tensile strength was markedly influenced by cure efficiency. Similar to the normal tensile strength, the gum NR vulcanizates cured with the lowest cure efficiency showed the lowest edge-cut tensile strength. Effect of the cure efficiency on the edge-cut tensile strength was less in the case of black filled NR vulcanizates. However, the black filled NR vulcanizates cured with the lowest cure efficiency also showed the lowest edge-cut tensile strength. The cut tip characteristics of the fracture specimens were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The gum specimens showed only the simple lateral cracking pattern, while all black filled specimens showed the longitudinal cracking pattern. Four different cracking patterns of the black filled specimens were identified. The distribution of cracking patterns depended strongly on the size of precut and the cure efficiency.
Nonorganic Visual Loss and Associated Psychopathology in Children
Authors: Muñoz-Hernández Ana M. , Santos-Bueso Enrique , Sáenz-Francés Federico , Méndez-Hernández Carmen D. , García-Feijoó Julián , Gegúndez-Fernández José A. , García-Sánchez Julián
Published: May 2011

Purpose

To report the frequency of nonorganic visual loss (NOVL) and associated psychopathology in children.

Methods

A total of 973 children were examined in our ophthalmology practice between 2006 and 2009. Basic ophthalmologic exploration (visual acuity, stereopsis, cycloplegic refraction, ocular motility, pupil dynamics, biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy) and specific tests for NOVL diagnosis were performed (confusion with lenses test, mirrors test, Roth test, Bravais test). We also investigated the psychosocial situation and associated psychiatric problems.

Results

Thirty children were diagnosed with NOVL. The mean age of the children was 8.93 years (±2.61); 70% were girls. September was the commonest month of presentation (26.7%) and unilateral (3.3%) or bilateral (80%) visual loss was the most frequent symptom (83.3% in total). In 20% of cases we detected psychosocial anomaly and 40% were seeking to wear glasses.

Conclusions

Malingering in children is very frequent. We can make the diagnosis with simple tests. It is not necessary to perform imaging and electrophysiologic testing, thus avoiding unnecessary examinations as well as absenteeism from work for parents and health care costs.
Stacking Fault Energy of Si Nanocrystals Embedded in SiO2
Authors: Wang Y. Q. , Liang W. S. , Ross G. G.
Published: May 2011

Si nanocrystals (Si nc) were produced by the implantation of Si+ into a SiO2 film on (100) Si, followed by high-temperature annealing. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observation has shown that a perfect dislocation (Burgers vector b=(1/2)〈110〉) can dissociate into two Shockley partials (Burgers vector b=(1/6)〈112〉) bounding a strip of stacking faults (SFs). The width of the SFs has been determined from the HRTEM image, and the stacking fault energy for Si nc has been calculated. The stacking fault energy for Si nc is compared with that for bulk Si, and the formation probability of defects in Si nc is also discussed. The results will shed a light on the dissociation of dislocations in nanoparticles.
Pierre Bourdieu e seu Esboço de auto-análise
Authors: Catani Afrânio
Published: May 2011

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Avaliação da educação superior: avanços e riscos
Authors: Sobrinho José Dias
Published: May 2011

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Mudanças nas universidades públicas no contexto da mundialização do capital
Authors: Júnior João Dos Reis Silva
Published: May 2011

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Utilização didática de objetos digitais de aprendizagem na educação on-line
Authors: Mercado Luís Paulo Leopoldo , Silva Alex Melo da , Gracindo Heloisa Barbosa Rocha
Published: May 2011

O trabalho aborda a da importância da utilização de Objetos Digitais de Aprendizagem a partir de exemplos dispostos no repositório do projeto Rede Internacional Virtual de Educação (RIVED). Analisa os aspectos pedagógicos da prática do professor em sala de aula referente a aprendizagem do aluno com a utilização de objetos digitais de aprendizagem. O tema aqui trabalhado visa construir e ampliar as condições didático-pedagógicas para a melhoria do trabalho nos cursos semi-presenciais e a distância, envolvendo formação de professores. Investiga contribuições de metodologias envolvendo planejamento e uso de objetos digitais de aprendizagem na docência online.
Terceirização na educação superior: o trabalho docente por meio de cooperativas de mão-de-obra
Authors: Calderón Adolfo Ignacio , Martins Francine , Lourenço Henrique Da Silva , Moraes Raquel De
Published: May 2011

Este artigo se debruça na compreensão de um novo fenômeno na área da gestão das instituições de educação superior particulares, a terceirização de professores por meio de cooperativas de mão-de-obra. Trata-se de uma temática polêmica na medida em que algumas Instituições de Educação Superior (IESs) vem terceirizando a mão-de-obra do professor universitário, sujeito responsável pela condução do processo ensino aprendizagem.
Educação e autarquias em Portugal. Lógicas de acção do poder autárquico em face ao poder central e dos micropoderes
Authors: Baixinho António Francisco
Published: May 2011

A tendência para a mudança no papel do Estado, ou seja, de um Estado educador para um Estado-regulador fundamenta-se no discurso da racionalização que é contraditório, visto ser conjuntamente o discurso da recentralização, originando dinâmicas próprias mas também tensões entre o local e o centro. A territorialização das políticas educativas marca uma ruptura ideológica e cultural com a tradição centralista e universalista e produz novas formas de articulação entre o nacional e o local. Ela associa-se a uma dupla vontade política do Estado, ao redistribuir o poder entre o centro e as periferias e lutar contra as desigualdades sociais. Assim, certos municípios desenvolvem (ou tentam desenvolver) sobre o seu território, numa lógica subsidiária, as políticas educativas que são as políticas sociais locais de tipo compensatório. Por sua vez, outros municípios por meio de uma lógica de liderança assumem uma aproximação liberal, sem a fazer necessariamente de bandeira dos princípios da competitividade, da concorrência ou da eficácia que a fundamentam, mas dos princípios mais consensuais como a diversificação, a abertura ou a modernização do sistema escolar.
O tempo e o espaço e a educação a distância
Authors: Toschi Mirza Seabra
Published: May 2011

O texto apresenta uma reflexão sobre os conceitos de tempo e espaço. Trabalha com a história do tempo, sua relação com o lugar e o espaço e analisa as dimensões física e imaginária do tempo no presencial e na virtualidade. Apresenta concepções teóricas dos conceitos de tempo e espaço de Giddens, Santos, Harvey, Soveral, Elias, Moraes, Tilburg e os relaciona com a educação a distância (EAD) que, teoricamente, operacionaliza, nos cursos on-line, esses conceitos. Inclui um estudo sobre particularidades da educação a distância, a tipologia de seus materiais, tendo sempre como referência os conceitos de tempo e espaço. Conclui, questionando se esse tipo de educação pode incluir estudantes de qualquer geração e sobre o caráter ainda desvalorizado dessa modalidade educativa.
Formação do tutor para a Educação a Distância: Fundamentos Epistemológicos
Authors: Bernal Edith González
Published: May 2011

Diante da emergência da Educação a Distância que está reconfigurando, neste século, uma paisagem diferente no contexto educacional latino- americano, surgiu o interesse de averiguar, neste artigo, as questões implicadas na formação do tutor dessa modalidade de ensino e qual seu estatuto epistemológico. Assim, neste texto, analisam-se os conceitos de tutor e tutoria assumidos pelo modelo colombiano de Educação a Distância e materializados pelo Instituto Colombiano para el Fomento de la Educación Superior (ICFES). Igualmente, estuda-se o desenvolvimento das teorias que tradicionalmente sustentam essa educação e a partir das quais se podem deduzir os modelos pedagógicos que são a base para a formação do tutor.
A interatividade na educação a distância: avanços e desafios
Authors: Prado Edna Cristina do , Rosa Ana Cristina Silva da
Published: May 2011

Procura-se discutir, neste artigo, a importância da interatividade no processo educativo proporcionado pela modalidade de Educação a Distância (EAD), sobretudo ressaltando aspectos relacionados às teorias da aprendizagem e os desafios que ainda se apresentam para a consolidação da EAD. A ampliação dos cursos, a crescente procura e os incentivos das diversas esferas sociais mostram-se como grandes avanços nessa modalidade. Entre esses desafios, destacam-se o preconceito existente em relação à EAD e a necessidade de elaboração de um projeto de curso pautado em uma nova concepção sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. A construção de um novo paradigma educacional que pode possibilitar a democratização de ensino exige um esforço, mais do que conceitual, para construir uma rede de aprendizagens sociais, de pesquisas e práticas que possam fortalecer o crescimento e a valorização da EAD.
Direitos humanos: um desafio aos educadores
Authors: Haddad Eneida Gonçalves de Macedo
Published: May 2011

Este artigo aborda o papel que o ensino oferecido nas escolas pode assumir na humanização das relações sociais, na resistência à barbarie. Todos – crianças, adultos e velhos – são produtos e produtores de experiências vividas e construídas, individual e coletivamente, que trazem as marcas da heterogeneidade social e cultural. O trabalho educacional, formando cidadãos numa nova ética e humanismo, contribuirá para construção de outras formas de sociabilidade, não alicerçadas na simples troca material e em estereótipos cristalizados. Os direitos humanos como concepção educativa e estratégia didático-organizativa devem fundamentar a pedagogia da vida e da afirmação da alteridade.
O Fundeb em funcionamento: diretrizes, critérios, conceitos
Authors: Martins Paulo Sena
Published: May 2011

No texto, analisam-se diretrizes que orientaram a implantação do Fundeb, os critérios adotados pela legislação para sua efetivação e os conceitos envolvidos no financiamento da educação básica pública, entre os quais são destacados ensino obrigatório, eqüidade, qualidade, universalização, harmonia e equilíbrio federativos, regime de colaboração, valor mínimo por aluno/ano e custo. Esses critérios e conceitos constituem elementos para a complementação da União ao Fundeb, instrumento por meio do qual esta exerce sua função supletiva e participa do esforço federativo cooperativo.
A “Escola Guaicuru: vivendo uma nova lição”: a relação entre gestão e financiamento para o Ensino Médio
Authors: Fernandes Maria Dilnéia Espíndola , Luís D'Avila Jorge
Published: May 2011

Este trabalho desvela a relação entre a gestão e o financiamento para o Ensino Médio em Mato Grosso do Sul no período de 1999 a 2002, quando foi implantada a proposta educacional “Escola Guaicuru: vivendo uma nova lição”. Para desvelar a relação entre a gestão e o financiamento para o Ensino Médio no estado, verificaram-se a legislação, os programas e os projetos educacionais em âmbito federal e estadual, bem como os documentos produzidos pelas Secretarias de Estado de Educação e de Gestão e Controle que nortearam a política educacional do estado no período. Constatou-se que a relação entre gestão e financiamento para Ensino Médio materializou uma política educacional que não conseguiu reverter historicamente os saldos de exclusão dessa etapa da educação básica no estado. Assim, embora tal proposta apresentasse como pressuposto uma pedagogia da contra-hegemonia, a prática materializada pela política educacional não conseguiu efetivar tal pressuposto.
O movimento da educação do campo, as tensões na luta por um direito social e os sinais da construção de políticas públicas
Authors: De Souza Maria Antônia
Published: May 2011

Este texto problematiza a Educação do Campo e tem o intuito de demonstrar os sinais da construção de políticas públicas que vem sendo possibilitada pela participação efetiva dos trabalhadores do campo. Se considerarmos como marco inicial a Conferência Nacional por uma Educação Básica do Campo, de 1998, constataremos que a Educação do Campo tem mais de uma década de existência. Integra a luta dos trabalhadores pelo cumprimento de um direito social – a educação – e pressupõe uma concepção de educação emancipatória, nos termos de Mészáros (2005), em contraposição a uma educação excludente e que ignora a ruralidade do território brasileiro; a Educação do Campo opõe-se à Educação Rural. É construída coletivamente pelos trabalhadores e, num crescente movimento nacional, vem adensando os projetos educacionais, as parcerias, o envolvimento de segmentos governamentais e a necessidade de modificações curriculares, especialmente na educação superior.
Os Amálgamas das transformações da educação popular
Authors: Costa Mônica Rodrigues
Published: May 2011

Neste artigo, busca-se refletir acerca da educação popular como processo vivo que se nutre das lutas político-sociais na região nordestina, não sendo possível, por essa razão, fazer valer como verdade um único conceito ou prática pedagógica a seu respeito. Procura-se evidenciar seu contínuo movimento de transformação pelas relações que estabelece com as vivências formativas e as novas requisições apontadas pelos movimentos sociais nordestinos e pelo cenário de transformações atual. As lacunas e problemas que apresenta têm direta conexão com esses aspectos e refletem as escolhas feitas pelos sujeitos que optam por esse caminho em suas práticas educativas