bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON THE CONTENT OF INTERACTION OF THE TERRITORIAL BODIES OF ROSRESTR AND THE FEDERAL TAX SERVICE FOR THE PURPOSES OF IMPROVING THE TAX AND BUDGETARY POLICY OF THE STATE
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Zharnikov Valeriy B. , Stegnienko Elena S. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the urgent problem of improving the information interaction between Rosreestr and the Federal Tax Service of the country, the optimization of the solution of which will allow not only to collect all planned taxes and tax payments in full and on time, but also to take into account within the framework of tax policy a fundamental aspect – the need for a consistent transition of regions to a "green" economy and sustainable development. Plans for such a transition have been developed and their subsequent adjustment is reflected in the Presidential Development Program of the country for the period until 2024, and in certain areas – until 2035. The complexity of their implemen-tation is mainly determined by economic reasons, reluctance, and in some cases, the premature im-plementation of environmentally expensive projects. The article proposed and analyzed options for taxation of real estate, allowing in the future to significantly increase, with a simultaneous differentia-tion of the tax burden, tax revenues to the budgets of different levels. Particular attention is paid to the theoretical and methodological foundations of the interaction of scientific technological knowledge and the practice determined by it, which are available in modern land management, cadastre and land monitoring represented by Rosreestr, with the main economic regulators of the NBP, represented by its partner, the Federal Tax Service, which has not only practical but also theoretical significance, empha-sized, in particular, by the rich content and multipurpose practice of world land management. The re-sults of this study were conclusions regarding a certain generality of the results of the activities of Rosreestr and the Federal Tax Service on modeling real geospace; increasing the possibilities of mod-ern knowledge in the field of land management and cadastre in solving problems of improving the in-formation support of property taxation.
SMART INFORMATION MODELS AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL OF REGIONAL SPATIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Karpik Alexander P. , Musikhin Igor A. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Vetoshkin Dmitry N. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: June 2021

The need for balanced and sustainable development of the Russian economy requires carrying out a research on the interrelationship of spatial changes in remote regions and their socio-economic growth strategies. The relationship between the spatial development of the territory and the strategic planning of the economy is shown in current regional strategies aimed at socio-economic growth of innovative management blocks based on smart information models of spatial development. The results of theoretical and experimental studies devoted to the development of a methodology for building a smart information model of the territory as well as its testing on one of the residential complexes in Novosibirsk are presented. The main technological solutions applied in the built model that proved it possible to make a breakthrough in the sustainable spatial alignment and economic development of remote regions are given.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF DYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF THE COORDINATE DESCRIPTION ON THE ACCURACY OF DETERMINING THE AREA OF ZONES WITH SPECIAL USE CONDITIONS OF LINEAR OBJECTS TERRITORIES
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Norkin Vladimir I.
Published: June 2021

The relevance of the study lies in the substantiation of taking into account the dynamic parameters of the coordinate description of zones with special conditions for the use of territories (ZSCUT), the elongation of which for linear objects leads to a significant decrease in the accuracy of determining their areas. As a result, the aim of the work is to study the influence of the dynamic parameters of the coordinate description of the ZSCUT on the accuracy of determining the area of such zones. The study applies the methods of computational experiment, analysis and generalization, and analyses the characteristics of these zones for linear real estate objects and the geometric parameters of such ob-jects, presented on digital plans and maps. A ZSCUT model is proposed, which includes two subsys-tems of statistical and dynamic parameters and criteria for assessing the dynamic parameters of the coordinate description of zones. The functional relationship between the dynamic parameters and the accuracy of determining the area is revealed. The conclusion is substantiated that, taking into account the dynamic parameters of the coordinate description, it is possible to increase the accuracy of deter-mining the area of ZSCUT, which allows the modern direction of cadastral activities modernization when entering information about the zones boundaries into the unified state register of real estate.
ANALYSIS OF CREATING BENCHMARK IMAGES METHODS TO TEST THE ACCURACY OF PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SOFTWARE
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Komissarov Alexander V. , Dedkova Valeriya V. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: June 2021

Digital photogrammetry is based on the use of specialized photogrammetric software (or digital photogrammetric systems) to solve problems related to the aerospace imagery processing. A wide range of programs and high price motivate consumers to choose the right software that responds to requirements of processing accuracy, amount of work, time of execution, etc. The main goal of this study is to analyze the existing methods of benchmark images creating to test photogrammetric pro-grams. The article carries out the analysis of existing techniques of creating benchmark images, classi-fication, selection of benchmark images types suitable for testing of photogrammetric software, and substantiates the necessity for checking of aerial survey results quality in specialized software.
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE DIRECT TRANSITION FROM GEOINFORMATION TO GEOSCIENCE
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Antonov Evgenii S. , Lisitsky Dmitry V. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Yankelevich Svetlana S. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: June 2021

The article discusses new approaches to the creation and use of geoscience and the associated geo-cognitive space. It uses the formal-logical tools for the set-theoretic representation of the studied pro-cess of transition from geoinformation to geoscience. It introduces and defines new concepts for a generalized set-theoretic representation of the process of converting geoinformation about the territory and objects located on it into geoscience, focused on solving specific spatial problems using the geoin-formation model of the area or the map. The article presents an enlarged technological scheme for cre-ating a geo-cognitive map. It also presents one of the possible solutions to the problem of forming geo-spatial knowledge and creating a geocognitive map on this basis by a direct transition from geoinfor-mation to knowledge.
CREATION OF GIS-RESOURCES FOR PHYSIOGRAPHIC ZONING OF THE TRANSBOUNDARY RUSSIAN-MONGOLIAN TERRITORY
Authors:   Baikal Institute of Nature Management SB RAS, Beshentsev Andrew N. , Ayurzhanaev Alexander A. ,   Baikal Institute of Nature Management SB RAS, Sodnomov Bator V. ,   Baikal Institute of Nature Management SB RAS
Published: June 2021

The article is aimed at the development of methodological foundations for the creation of geoin-formation resources of transboundary territories based on cartographic materials and remote sensing data, as well as physical and geographical zoning of the transboundary Russian-Mongolian territory. The methodological basis of the study is cartographic and statistical research methods, geoinformation technology, as well as processing and analysis of remote sensing data. As a result, the study deter-mines the features of geoinformation resources, presents their characteristics, develops a classification and substantiates their integrating value in making interstate territorial decisions. The article gives the physical and geographical characteristics of the territory, determines the scale of mapping, establishes the basic units of geoinformation mapping and modeling, creates the coverage of the basin division, and proposes a scheme for creating basic geoinformation resources for the physical and geographical zoning of the territory. Based on the analysis of the digital elevation model, the territory was zoned according to the morphometric parameters of the relief. As a result of processing and analysis of Landsat images at different times, the territory was zoned in terms of the amount of photosynthetically active biomass (NDVI). As a result of zoning, 6 physical-geographical regions and 33 physical-geographical areas were identified.
APPLICATION OF PROJECT-ORIENTED TRAINING IN THE FIELD OF BIM TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Malinovsky Maxim A. , Ershov Anatoly V. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: June 2021

In the article the possibility of project-oriented approach application in education is considered. The relevance of the subject is specified by general trends in the field of today’s vocational education. The authors suggest the integration of a unified interdisciplinary project in the education programme of the specialization: 21.03.02 "Land Management and Cadastre". Implementation of this project-oriented application will result in the development of information 3D-model of the Novosibirsk city’s central part with the emphasis on the objects of cultural and historical heritage. The goals, objectives of the project have been stated and the steps for its realization have been develored. The further possibilities of application of the project practical results are considered.
METHODS OF GEOSPATIAL MONITORING OF PERMAFROST HEAVE MOUNDS
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Repin Alexander S.
Published: June 2021

The article presents historical aspects of the research of permafrost landforms. Technogenic and natural factors affecting the development and degradation of the heaving hills, as well as the impact of the heaving hills on the infrastructure of the oil and gas industry in the Far North during its operation, are considered. The article presents the existing methods for determining the value of the external and underground components of the hummocks of permafrost heaving. The analysis of the existing meth-ods and means of performing measurements in determining the external and underground components of the hummocks of permafrost heaving is carried out. Based on the results of the research and analy-sis of materials, a method for geospatial monitoring of heave mounds based on a method for determin-ing the magnitude and direction of deformation of the external and underground components of heave mounds are offered.
TECHNIQUE OF AUTOMATIC MOBILE LASER SCANNING DATA FILTERING
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Altyntsev Maxim A. , Karkokli Hamid Majid Saber ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: June 2021

The result of laser scanning is an array of laser points. The generation of a single point cloud in a given coordinate system is carried out during the registration process at the stage of preliminary field data processing. At this stage it is also often necessary to filter the data. Laser points with an erroneous position are eliminated during the data filleting. The number of erroneous laser points is determined by the of the laser scanner characteristics, surveyed area peculiarities and weather conditions. The devel-opment of methods and algorithms for filtering laser scanning data is carried out based on the analysis of the laser point spatial position and a certain set of additional characteristics, such as intensity value, echo signal, color value. The technique of mobile laser scanning data filtering for the territory of the road passing among the forest and close to individual industrial facilities and building. The main goal of the proposed filtration technique is to obtain data for automatic generation of an accurate digital terrain model. The filtration technique was developed for data acquired under the least favorable con-ditions – in wet weather. Accuracy estimation of generating digital terrain model based on filtered data was carried out.
GEOSPATIAL SUPPORT AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR THE PROGRAM OF ANALYTICAL QUALITY CONTROL OF GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION AT THE FIELD
Authors:   National University of Science and Teсhnology MISiS, Goncharenko Sergey N.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this work is formation of a quality control program for geological exploration at the field and geological control of mineral resources evaluation. The study is based on modeling and interpretation of the content of the useful component and the lithology of the field. The contents were assessed by the ordinary kriging method. The substantiation of the upper and lower limits of the con-tent of the useful component is carried out on the basis of laboratory research data using the methods of statistical analysis. Grade estimates were verified by statistical comparison of drilling data with vis-ual grade grades based on modeling data. Relevant factors were taken into account that determine the degree of consistency of geological structures and the category of reserves of the field. The lithologi-cal features that determine the promising zones of mineralization have been established. Implemented data quality check procedures to monitor contamination, reliability and accuracy of analyzes. The pro-cedure for determining the factors that negatively affect the consistency of grades and the parameters of geological characteristics has been implemented. The development and verification of the block model of the field was carried out and the comparison of the volume of the useful component of the block model with the volumes of the formed frames was carried out. As a result of the research car-ried out, the classification of reserves was carried out, taking into account the initial set of available data on the geological structures of the field, analytical sampling data and the content of the useful component.
ON CARTOGRAPHIC SUPPORT OF HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVITIES
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Kasyanova Elena L. , Cherkas Maksim V. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the possibility of mapping information on legal protection and ways that can be used in displaying information on human rights activities (when developing strategies to combat violations and abuses in the field of human rights; to display objects of interest to human rights de-fenders and people who seek help from human rights organizations; types of crime by region, etc.). The purpose of this work is to create symbols for legal protection maps and to create such maps. After analyzing the existing sites of legal protection, it is concluded that it is necessary to create thematic maps that convey legal protection information and best represent it using WEB technologies. They will make this information mobile and easily editable by non-cartographers. A classification of maps by content is proposed, which defines the place of maps with information on legal protection. As a result, a map is obtained, based on the developed symbols, showing the organizations of human rights activities.
Sistemática filogenética em livro didático de biologia aprovado pelo PNLD
Authors: Ribeiro Eliziane , Silva Avila de Matos Eloiza Aparecida , Bertoni Danislei
Published: June 2021

Os livros didáticos são importantes objetos pedagógicos para o ensino-aprendizagem e a forte vinculação entre currí­culo e livro didático tem justificado que polí­ticas como o Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) deem especial atenção a eles. Por isso, o objetivo geral deste trabalho consiste em analisar livros didáticos de uma coleção de livros de biologia aprovados pelo PNLD/2015 e escolhidos por cinco escolas públicas de União da Vitória, Paraná, para verificar se os mesmos utilizam o conhecimento da Sistemática Filogenética para o estudo e organização da diversidade biológica. Foram encontradas 84 unidades de análises dentro das seis abordagens propostas. Desse total somente duas abordagens foram predominantes e duas não foram encontradas. Além disso, observou-se o caráter fragmentado dos conteúdos de biologia. Isso demonstra que os livros didáticos devem ser objeto de constantes pesquisas para sua atualização.
CoeViz 2: Protein Graphs Derived From Amino Acid Covariance
Authors: Corcoran Daniel , Maltbie Nicholas , Sudalairaj Shivchander , Baker Frazier N. , Hirschfeld Joseph , Porollo Aleksey
Published: June 2021

Proteins by and large carry out their molecular functions in a folded state when residues, distant in sequence, assemble together in 3D space to bind a ligand, catalyze a reaction, form a channel, or exert another concerted macromolecular interaction. It has been long recognized that covariance of amino acids between distant positions within a protein sequence allows for the inference of long range contacts to facilitate 3D structure modeling. In this work, we investigated whether covariance analysis may reveal residues involved in the same molecular function. Building upon our previous work, CoeViz, we have conducted a large scale covariance analysis among 7,595 non-redundant proteins with resolved 3D structures to assess 1) whether the residues with the same function coevolve, 2) which covariance metric captures such couplings better, and 3) how different molecular functions compare in this context. We found that the chi-squared metric is the most informative for the identification of coevolving functional sites, followed by the Pearson correlation-based, whereas mutual information is the least informative. Of the seven categories of the most common natural ligands, including coenzyme A, dinucleotide, DNA/RNA, heme, metal, nucleoside, and sugar, the trace metal binding residues display the most prominent coupling, followed by the sugar binding sites. We also developed a web-based tool, CoeViz 2, that enables the interactive visualization of covarying residues as cliques from a larger protein graph. CoeViz 2 is publicly available at https://research.cchmc.org/CoevLab/.
RETRACTED: Amorphous Selenium Nanoparticles Improve Vascular Function in Rats With Chronic Isocarbophos Poisoning via Inhibiting the Apoptosis of Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Zhu Moli , Gao Zhitao , Fu Yutian , Qiu Yue , Huang Keke , Zhu Chaonan , Wu Yinan , Zhu Tiantian , Wang Qianqian , Yang Lin , Yin Yaling , Li Peng
Published: June 2021

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the preventive effect and possible mechanism of amorphous selenium nanoparticles (A-SeQDs) on isocarbophos induced vascular dysfunction.

Methods

A-SeQDs was made by auto redox decomposition of selenosulfate precursor. Male rats were given isocarbophos (0.5 mg/kg/2 days) by intragastric administration for 16 weeks to induce vascular dysfunction. During the course, A-SeQDs (50 mg/kg/day) was added to the water from week 5. Then, the rats were killed to observe and test the influence of A-SeQDs on the vascular dysfunction induced by isocarbophos. Finally, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with 10% DMEM of isocarbophos (100 μM) for 5 days to detect the related indexes. Before the use of isocarbophos treatment, different drugs were given.

Results

A-SeQDs could reduce total carbon dioxide, MDA, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, IL-1, and IL-6 while increasing oxygen saturation, NO content, and SOD activity in rats. A-SeQDs also resulted in relatively normal vascular morphology, and the expression of sodium hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1) and caspase-3 decreased in rats. Furthermore, in HUVECs treated with isocarbophos, A-SeQDs maintained mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited the cleaved caspase-3 expression, and released cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol.

Conclusion

A-SeQDs can inhibit the apoptosis of HUVECs through the mitochondrial pathway, and effectively treat the impairment of vascular endothelial function caused by isocarbophos, which is NHE1-dependent.
DTL-DephosSite: Deep Transfer Learning Based Approach to Predict Dephosphorylation Sites
Authors: Chaudhari Meenal , Thapa Niraj , Ismail Hamid , Chopade Sandhya , Caragea Doina , Köhn Maja , Newman Robert H. , KC Dukka B.
Published: June 2021

Phosphorylation, which is mediated by protein kinases and opposed by protein phosphatases, is an important post-translational modification that regulates many cellular processes, including cellular metabolism, cell migration, and cell division. Due to its essential role in cellular physiology, a great deal of attention has been devoted to identifying sites of phosphorylation on cellular proteins and understanding how modification of these sites affects their cellular functions. This has led to the development of several computational methods designed to predict sites of phosphorylation based on a protein’s primary amino acid sequence. In contrast, much less attention has been paid to dephosphorylation and its role in regulating the phosphorylation status of proteins inside cells. Indeed, to date, dephosphorylation site prediction tools have been restricted to a few tyrosine phosphatases. To fill this knowledge gap, we have employed a transfer learning strategy to develop a deep learning-based model to predict sites that are likely to be dephosphorylated. Based on independent test results, our model, which we termed DTL-DephosSite, achieved efficiency scores for phosphoserine/phosphothreonine residues of 84%, 84% and 0.68 with respect to sensitivity (SN), specificity (SP) and Matthew’s correlation coefficient (MCC). Similarly, DTL-DephosSite exhibited efficiency scores of 75%, 88% and 0.64 for phosphotyrosine residues with respect to SN, SP, and MCC.
F-Actin Dynamics in the Regulation of Endosomal Recycling and Immune Synapse Assembly
Authors: Capitani Nagaja , Baldari Cosima T.
Published: June 2021

Membrane proteins endocytosed at the cell surface as vesicular cargoes are sorted at early endosomes for delivery to lysosomes for degradation or alternatively recycled to different cellular destinations. Cargo recycling is orchestrated by multimolecular complexes that include the retromer, retriever, and the WASH complex, which promote the polymerization of new actin filaments at early endosomes. These endosomal actin pools play a key role at different steps of the recycling process, from cargo segregation to specific endosomal subdomains to the generation and mobility of tubulo-vesicular transport carriers. Local F-actin pools also participate in the complex redistribution of endomembranes and organelles that leads to the acquisition of cell polarity. Here, we will present an overview of the contribution of endosomal F-actin to T-cell polarization during assembly of the immune synapse, a specialized membrane domain that T cells form at the contact with cognate antigen-presenting cells.
Fatty Acids Metabolism: The Bridge Between Ferroptosis and Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Yuan Zhu-hui , Liu Tong , Wang Hao , Xue Li-xiang , Wang Jun-jie
Published: June 2021

Exposure of tumor cells to ionizing radiation (IR) alters the microenvironment, particularly the fatty acid (FA) profile and activity. Moreover, abnormal FA metabolism, either catabolism or anabolism, is essential for synthesizing biological membranes and delivering molecular signals to induce ferroptotic cell death. The current review focuses on the bistable regulation characteristics of FA metabolism and explains how FA catabolism and anabolism pathway crosstalk harmonize different ionizing radiation-regulated ferroptosis responses, resulting in pivotal cell fate decisions. In summary, targeting key molecules involved in lipid metabolism and ferroptosis may amplify the tumor response to IR.
Identification of an Metabolic Related Risk Signature Predicts Prognosis in Cervical Cancer and Correlates With Immune Infiltration
Authors: Shang Chunliang , Huang Jiaming , Guo Hongyan
Published: June 2021

The tumor metabolic reprogramming contributes to the progression and prognosis of cervical cancer (CC). However, the potential remodeling mechanisms of tumor metabolism in the immune microenvironment of CC remain largely unknown. In this study, we first performed microarray analysis to identify differential metabolic gene expression. A novel 5-metabolic-related genes (MRGs) signature comprising P4HA1, P4HA2, ABL2, GLTP, and CYP4F12 was established to better predict prognosis of CC using LASSO-Cox regression analysis. This signature could reveal the metabolic features and monitor the immune status of tumor microenvironment (TME). Among them, P4HA2 was significantly upregulated in CC tissues and negatively correlated with CD8+T cells. Knockdown of P4HA2 inhibited lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation and cancer cells invasion. Moreover, P4HA2 knockdown significantly suppressed PD-L1 expression. This study provides a new and feasible method for evaluating the prognosis of CC and explores the potential value to navigate metabolic pathways to enhance anti-tumor immunity and immunotherapy.
RAVE and Rabconnectin-3 Complexes as Signal Dependent Regulators of Organelle Acidification
Authors: Jaskolka Michael C. , Winkley Samuel R. , Kane Patricia M.
Published: June 2021

The yeast RAVE (Regulator of H+-ATPase of Vacuolar and Endosomal membranes) complex and Rabconnectin-3 complexes of higher eukaryotes regulate acidification of organelles such as lysosomes and endosomes by catalyzing V-ATPase assembly. V-ATPases are highly conserved proton pumps consisting of a peripheral V1 subcomplex that contains the sites of ATP hydrolysis, attached to an integral membrane Vo subcomplex that forms the transmembrane proton pore. Reversible disassembly of the V-ATPase is a conserved regulatory mechanism that occurs in response to multiple signals, serving to tune ATPase activity and compartment acidification to changing extracellular conditions. Signals such as glucose deprivation can induce release of V1 from Vo, which inhibits both ATPase activity and proton transport. Reassembly of V1 with Vo restores ATP-driven proton transport, but requires assistance of the RAVE or Rabconnectin-3 complexes. Glucose deprivation triggers V-ATPase disassembly in yeast and is accompanied by binding of RAVE to V1 subcomplexes. Upon glucose readdition, RAVE catalyzes both recruitment of V1 to the vacuolar membrane and its reassembly with Vo. The RAVE complex can be recruited to the vacuolar membrane by glucose in the absence of V1 subunits, indicating that the interaction between RAVE and the Vo membrane domain is glucose-sensitive. Yeast RAVE complexes also distinguish between organelle-specific isoforms of the Vo a-subunit and thus regulate distinct V-ATPase subpopulations. Rabconnectin-3 complexes in higher eukaryotes appear to be functionally equivalent to yeast RAVE. Originally isolated as a two-subunit complex from rat brain, the Rabconnectin-3 complex has regions of homology with yeast RAVE and was shown to interact with V-ATPase subunits and promote endosomal acidification. Current understanding of the structure and function of RAVE and Rabconnectin-3 complexes, their interactions with the V-ATPase, their role in signal-dependent modulation of organelle acidification, and their impact on downstream pathways will be discussed.
Cell Cycle Re-entry in the Nervous System: From Polyploidy to Neurodegeneration
Authors: Nandakumar Shyama , Rozich Emily , Buttitta Laura
Published: June 2021

Terminally differentiated cells of the nervous system have long been considered to be in a stable non-cycling state and are often considered to be permanently in G0. Exit from the cell cycle during development is often coincident with the differentiation of neurons, and is critical for neuronal function. But what happens in long lived postmitotic tissues that accumulate cell damage or suffer cell loss during aging? In other contexts, cells that are normally non-dividing or postmitotic can or re-enter the cell cycle and begin replicating their DNA to facilitate cellular growth in response to cell loss. This leads to a state called polyploidy, where cells contain multiple copies of the genome. A growing body of literature from several vertebrate and invertebrate model organisms has shown that polyploidy in the nervous system may be more common than previously appreciated and occurs under normal physiological conditions. Moreover, it has been found that neuronal polyploidization can play a protective role when cells are challenged with DNA damage or oxidative stress. By contrast, work over the last two and a half decades has discovered a link between cell-cycle reentry in neurons and several neurodegenerative conditions. In this context, neuronal cell cycle re-entry is widely considered to be aberrant and deleterious to neuronal health. In this review, we highlight historical and emerging reports of polyploidy in the nervous systems of various vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. We discuss the potential functions of polyploidization in the nervous system, particularly in the context of long-lived cells and age-associated polyploidization. Finally, we attempt to reconcile the seemingly disparate associations of neuronal polyploidy with both neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.
Exploring Nanoscale Lubrication Mechanisms of Multilayer MoS2 During Sliding: The Effect of Humidity
Authors: Claerbout Victor E. P. , Nicolini Paolo , Polcar Tomas
Published: June 2021

Solid lubricants have received substantial attention due to their excellent frictional properties. Among others, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is one of the most studied lubricants. Humidity results in a deterioration of the frictional properties of MoS2. The actual mechanism at the nanoscale is still under debate, although there are indications that chemical reactions are not likely to occur in defect-free structures. In this study, we performed nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to study the frictional properties of multilayer MoS2 during sliding in the presence of water. Moreover, we also investigated the effect of sliding speed and normal load. We confirmed earlier results that a thin layer of water organizes as a solidified, ice-like network of hydrogen bonds as a result of being confined in a two-dimensional fashion between MoS2. Moreover, we found that there exists an energy-driven, rotational dependence of the water network atop/beneath MoS2. This orientational anisotropy is directly related to the dissipative character of MoS2 during sliding. Finally, three distinct frictional regimes were identified, two for a thin layer of water and one for bulk water. In the case of a thin layer and low coverage, water represents a solid-like contaminant, causing high energy dissipation. For a thin layer and high coverage, water starts to act as a solid-like lubricant, reducing dissipation during sliding. Finally, a regime where water acts as a liquid lubricant, characterized by a clear velocity dependence was found.
Guaianolide Sesquiterpenes With Significant Antiproliferative Activities From the Leaves of Artemisia argyi
Authors: Ming Wenzhuo , Zhang Yi , Sun Yiwei , Bi Guangming , Su Jing , Shao Zhutao , Meng Dali
Published: June 2021

Four new guaiane-type sesquiterpenes, argyin H–K (1–4), and two known analogues (5 and 6) were isolated from the leaves of Artemisia argyi Lévl et Vant. The new compounds were characterized by the basic analysis of the spectroscopic data obtained (1H NMR, 13C NMR, HMBC, and NOESY experiments), and their absolute configurations were determined by empirical approaches, combined with the exciton chirality method and electronic circular dichroism calculations. To further understand the antitumor effects of A. argyi, the antiproliferative activities of these compounds against A549, MCF-7, and HepG2 cell lines were tested in vitro using CCK-8 assays. The results showed that these compounds had significant antiproliferative effects on MCF-7, with IC50 values of 15.13–18.63 μM, which were superior to that of oxaliplatin (i.e., IC50 22.20 μM).
Inflammatory Signatures of Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Leptospira Infection in Susceptible C3H-HeJ Mice
Authors: Shetty Advait , Kundu Suman , Gomes-Solecki Maria
Published: June 2021

The exact global impact of leptospirosis is unknown due to inadequate surveillance systems in place in most low-income countries. In this study, we analyzed the differences in mouse inflammatory signatures involved in pathogenic versus non-pathogenic Leptospira recognition at 24h and 72h post infection. Injection of C3H-HeJ mice with non-pathogenic L. biflexa increased circulation of a few chemokines (5/21, 24%) without secretion of cytokines in blood that resulted in engagement of resident macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils and NK cells without engagement of T cells. In contrast, pathogenic L. interrogans induced circulation of a much higher panel of chemokines (18/21, 86%) and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (11/19, 58%) in blood with a resulting signaling cascade leading to engagement of macrophages, dendritic cells, monocytes, NK cells and T cells without engagement of neutrophils. Although neutrophils do not appear to be engaged, a considerable number of chemokines that recruit other granulocytes such as eosinophils and basophils were also increased at 72h post infection with L. interrogans. Overall, the data suggest that prevention of dissemination of L. biflexa is associated with an early engagement of the innate immune response characterized by upregulation of a few chemokines that results in an efficacious phagocytic response without an overwhelming increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, when macrophages fail to clear a pathogenic serovar such as L. interrogans, the adaptive response (T cells) is engaged to help out, but the resulting chemo-cytokine storm mediates a robust but non-resolving inflammatory response to pathogenic Leptospira that results in dissemination, kidney colonization, pathology and disease.
Polymorphism of Antifolate Drug Resistance in Plasmodium vivax From Local Residents and Migrant Workers Returned From the China-Myanmar Border
Authors: Zeng Weilin , Wang Siqi , Feng Shi , Zhong Daibin , Hu Yue , Bai Yao , Ruan Yonghua , Si Yu , Zhao Hui , Yang Qi , Li Xinxin , Chen Xi , Zhang Yanmei , Li Cuiying , Xiang Zheng , Wu Yanrui , Chen Fang , Su Pincan , Rosenthal Benjamin M. , Yang Zhaoqing
Published: June 2021

Drug-resistant Plasmodium vivax malaria impedes efforts to control, eliminate, and ultimately eradicate malaria in Southeast Asia. P. vivax resistance to antifolate drugs derives from point mutations in specific parasite genes, including the dihydropteroate synthase (pvdhps), dihydrofolate reductase (pvdhfr), and GTP cyclohydrolase I (pvgch1) genes. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and spread of drug resistance markers in P. vivax populating the China-Myanmar border. Blood samples were collected from symptomatic patients with acute P. vivax infection. Samples with single-clone P. vivax infections were sequenced for pvdhps and pvdhfr genes and genotyped for 6 flanking microsatellite markers. Copy number variation in the pvgch1 gene was also examined. Polymorphisms were observed in six different codons of the pvdhps gene (382, 383, 512, 549, 553, and 571) and six different codons of the pvdhfr gene (13, 57, 58, 61, 99, 117) in two study sites. The quadruple mutant haplotypes 57I/L/58R/61M/117T of pvdhfr gene were the most common (comprising 76% of cases in Myitsone and 43.7% of case in Laiza). The double mutant haplotype 383G/553G of pvdhps gene was also prevalent at each site (40.8% and 31%). Microsatellites flanking the pvdhfr gene differentiated clinical samples from wild type and quadruple mutant genotypes (FST= 0.259-0.3036), as would be expected for a locus undergoing positive selection. The lack of copy number variation of pvgch1 suggests that SP-resistant P. vivax may harbor alternative mechanisms to secure sufficient folate.
Real-World Outcomes of Revascularization Strategies in Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Three-Vessel Coronary Disease Stratified by Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Fan Qin , Liu Jun , Xu Yan , Ni Ruiqing , Xi Rui , Wang Fang , Hu Jian , Sun Hongyue , Yang Zhenkun , Zhou Mi , Zhang Ruiyan , Zhao Qiang , Tao Rong
Published: June 2021

Aims: Limited information exists regarding optimal revascularization options for patients with triple-vessel coronary artery disease (TVD), heart failure (HF), and different degrees of mitral regurgitation (MR). Thus, we aimed to compare the effect of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery in the indicated patients.

Methods and Results: In the real-world prospective study, 1190 patients with multi-vessel disease and decreased left ventricular systolic function but without severe MR, who underwent PCI or CABG, were enrolled and followed-up for 4.7 ± 1.8 years. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death and HF hospitalization. Secondary endpoints were the individual components of the primary outcome. Risk of the primary endpoint was higher in the PCI than in the CABG group (HR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.14–1.67, and P < 0.01), particularly in patients with moderate MR (HR = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.35–2.55, and P < 0.01). In patients with no-mild MR, the risk of the primary endpoint did not differ significantly between PCI and CABG (P = 0.09). Treatment with PCI was associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular death and HF hospitalization in the moderate MR cohort, while PCI was comparable to CABG in the no-mild MR cohort.

Conclusions: In this real-world study, for patients with HF and TVD, CABG was related to lower adverse outcome rates compared to PCI. Assessment of MR can aid in selecting optimal revascularization therapies and in risk stratification.
Quantitative Assessment of Left and Right Atrial Strains Using Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Based Tissue Tracking
Authors: Qu Yang-Yang , Buckert Dominik , Ma Gen-Shan , Rasche Volker
Published: June 2021

Background: Left and right atrium (LA and RA) exert an essential and dynamic role in ventricular filling and hence affect heart performance. Strain quantification has been reported as a novel parameter to assess function. However, the assessment of bi-atrial strains with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) based techniques is still limited and gender- and age-specific normal values in a healthy population are missing.

Methods: One hundred and fifty healthy volunteers (49.8 ± 17.3 years, 75 males) undergoing 1.5 Tesla CMR examination were retrospectively and consecutively recruited. LA and RA free wall (RAFW) radial and longitudinal strains (RS and LS) associated with atrial reservoir, conduit and booster pump functions were evaluated with CMR based tissue tracking (CMR-TT) technique.

Results: The reservoir, conduit and pump LS resulted as 30.7 ± 10.2%, 19.5 ± 8.2%, 10.9 ± 3.7% for LA, and 52.2 ± 17.6%, 33.3 ± 14.2%, 19.1 ± 8.5% for RAFW, respectively. The amplitude of RA strains was significantly larger than that of LA strains, except for conduit RS. With the increase of age, the decrement of majority of reservoir and conduit strains were observed, while pump strains remained unaffected. Females presented with significantly larger RAFW strains compared with males, especially in the elderly. In addition to the positive correlation between atrial strains and emptying fraction, the negative correlation between atrial strains and volume index was also confirmed. Intra-observer reproducibility of LA strains was superior to RAFW strains (coefficient of variation: 10.12–17.04% vs. 10.80–27.36%, respectively), and the measurement of reservoir and conduit strains was more reproducible in comparison with pump strain.

Conclusion: CMR-TT is a feasible and reproducible technique to quantify LA and RA strains and determine atrial phasic functions. The existence of age- and gender-related difference of strains suggests the necessity to establish specific normal values for individual populations.
3D Linked Subduction, Dynamic Rupture, Tsunami, and Inundation Modeling: Dynamic Effects of Supershear and Tsunami Earthquakes, Hypocenter Location, and Shallow Fault Slip
Authors: Aniko Wirp Sara , Gabriel Alice-Agnes , Schmeller Maximilian , H. Madden Elizabeth , van Zelst Iris , Krenz Lukas , van Dinther Ylona , Rannabauer Leonhard
Published: June 2021

Physics-based dynamic rupture models capture the variability of earthquake slip in space and time and can account for the structural complexity inherent to subduction zones. Here we link tsunami generation, propagation, and coastal inundation with 3D earthquake dynamic rupture (DR) models initialized using a 2D seismo-thermo-mechanical geodynamic (SC) model simulating both subduction dynamics and seismic cycles. We analyze a total of 15 subduction-initialized 3D dynamic rupture-tsunami scenarios in which the tsunami source arises from the time-dependent co-seismic seafloor displacements with flat bathymetry and inundation on a linearly sloping beach. We first vary the location of the hypocenter to generate 12 distinct unilateral and bilateral propagating earthquake scenarios. Large-scale fault topography leads to localized up- or downdip propagating supershear rupture depending on hypocentral depth. Albeit dynamic earthquakes differ (rupture speed, peak slip-rate, fault slip, bimaterial effects), the effects of hypocentral depth (25–40 km) on tsunami dynamics are negligible. Lateral hypocenter variations lead to small effects such as delayed wave arrival of up to 100 s and differences in tsunami amplitude of up to 0.4 m at the coast. We next analyse inundation on a coastline with complex topo-bathymetry which increases tsunami wave amplitudes up to ≈1.5 m compared to a linearly sloping beach. Motivated by structural heterogeneity in subduction zones, we analyse a scenario with increased Poisson's ratio of ν = 0.3 which results in close to double the amount of shallow fault slip, ≈1.5 m higher vertical seafloor displacement, and a difference of up to ≈1.5 m in coastal tsunami amplitudes. Lastly, we model a dynamic rupture “tsunami earthquake” with low rupture velocity and low peak slip rates but twice as high tsunami potential energy. We triple fracture energy which again doubles the amount of shallow fault slip, but also causes a 2 m higher vertical seafloor uplift and the highest coastal tsunami amplitude (≈7.5 m) and inundation area compared to all other scenarios. Our mechanically consistent analysis for a generic megathrust setting can provide building blocks toward using physics-based dynamic rupture modeling in Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis.
Cleaner Energy Storage: Cradle-to-Gate Life Cycle Assessment of Aluminum-Ion Batteries With an Aqueous Electrolyte
Authors: Melzack N , Wills RGA , Cruden A
Published: June 2021

In the context of growing demand on energy storage, exploring the holistic sustainability of technologies is key to future-proofing our development. In this article, a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of aqueous electrolyte aluminum-ion (Al-ion) batteries has been performed. Due to their reported characteristics of high power (circa 300 W kg−1 active material) and low energy density (circa 15 Wh kg−1 active material), these results were compared with those of supercapacitors (per kW). Initial findings suggest these aluminum-ion cells have fewer environmental impacts than commercial supercapacitors, hence offering a more environmentally sensitive energy storage technology solution. Al-ion batteries are in their early development, and this result shows a strong argument for continuing research into this technology alongside other emerging energy storage systems.
Attitudes Towards the Polar Regions as a Reflection of the Sense of Responsibility for the Environment. Theoretical Background for Further Study
Authors: Mamzer Hanna , Skedsmo Pål Wilter , Węsławski Jan Marcin
Published: June 2021

The last two hundred years in the recent history of the Earth have been a period dominated by rapidly increasing human activity. Today, the discussion on the effects of anthropopressure takes the form of critical reflection on the negative impact of humanity on the natural environment. Although sparsely populated, the effects of this impact are particularly visible in the polar regions. The consequences of anthropopressure take the form of melting ice caps and glaciers, warming and thawing of permafrost, changes in sea ice structure, erosion of sea coasts, changes in the scale of Arctic fauna and flora, and a warmer climate. Research conducted in the US shows that its citizens have knowledge about polar regions, but that the level of this knowledge is low. The scope of general knowledge, the level of education, and social and demographic features (age, gender, income) may influence the formation of social opinions reflected in legislative and political solutions concerning the polar regions. Social science research has already shown that changing people’s attitudes is much more effective if the process starts in adolescence, at the beginning of institutional education. In such a situation, diagnosing the attitudes of young citizens toward polar areas is important for their further development, especially if these attitudes are to be treated as a reflection of wider attitudes toward the natural environment. In this article we set forth to review how attitudes related to the polar regions, may be used as an example of general mechanisms of changing attitudes towards the environment in general. We provide analysis that can be used as background for designing empirical research and further – for designing educational and social plans promoting environmental responsibility.
Local Drivers of Change in Southern Ocean Ecosystems: Human Activities and Policy Implications
Authors: Grant Susie M. , Waller Cath L. , Morley Simon A. , Barnes David K. A. , Brasier Madeleine J. , Double Mike C. , Griffiths Huw J. , Hughes Kevin A. , Jackson Jennifer A. , Waluda Claire M. , Constable Andrew J.
Published: June 2021

Local drivers are human activities or processes that occur in specific locations, and cause physical or ecological change at the local or regional scale. Here, we consider marine and land-derived pollution, non-indigenous species, tourism and other human visits, exploitation of marine resources, recovery of marine mammals, and coastal change as a result of ice loss, in terms of their historic and current extent, and their interactions with the Southern Ocean environment. We summarise projected increases or decreases in the influence of local drivers, and projected changes to their geographic range, concluding that the influence of non-indigenous species, fishing, and the recovery of marine mammals are predicted to increase in the future across the Southern Ocean. Local drivers can be managed regionally, and we identify existing governance frameworks as part of the Antarctic Treaty System and other instruments which may be employed to mitigate or limit their impacts on Southern Ocean ecosystems.