bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence of acute kidney injury among COVID-19 patients in Egypt
Authors: El-Sayed Enass E. , Allayeh Abdou K. , Salem Amany A. , Omar Sheren M. , Zaghlol Salwa M. , Abd-Elmaguid Hala M. , Abdul-Ghaffar Mohammed M. , ElSharkawy Magdy M.
Published: June 2021

Background

Despite the fact that the fundamental characteristics of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) are respiratory manifestations, multi-organ failure including the kidney has been documented. There are no clear comparisons of COVID-19 cases with and without acute kidney injury (AKI) to show whether there are aspects of acute kidney injury progression path or outcome that are unique to this disease.

Methods

In this work, we analyzed the data of 734 COVID-19 cases admitted to the Ahmad Maher Teaching Hospital in Cairo, Egypt, between June 6 and July 25, 2020. Data on demographics, comorbidities, laboratory results, and outcomes were assessed. To assess the incidence rate of AKI in Egyptian COVID-19 patients, comparisons were carried out between home-isolated COVID-19 patients, hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and ICU COVID-19-patients with or without AKI.

Results

AKI was more common in hospitalized mild COVID-19 patients than in home-isolated and ICU COVID-19 patients (15.0% versus 10.8% and 14.2%, respectively). The overall occurrence rate of AKI was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients (n=91, 14%). Hemodialysis, on the other hand, was required in 76% of the extreme ICU COVID-19 patients who developed AKI (22/29). The absolute number of patients with AKI COVID-19 who required hemodialysis was 34 (37%). This accounted for 5.2% of all COVID-19 patients and 37% of those with AKI. The mortality rate in COVID-19 patients with or without AKI was 15.4% and 4.8%, respectively.

Conclusion

AKI in our COVID-19 patients is associated with a high mortality rate in ICU-COVID-19 patients. Our findings suggest that COVID-19 patients, particularly ICU COVID-19 patients, should be closely monitored for the development of AKI. Early identification of AKI, as well as prompt intervention, can improve COVID-19 patient outcomes.
Lost in mobile? Exploring the mobile internet digital divide among Chinese college students
Authors: Wang Lian , Liu Chun
Published: June 2021

Mobile has become the primary mode of Internet access for many people. Existing studies have generally indicated that mobile Internet represents an inferior substitute for traditional PC-based Internet. In particularly, mobile-only users are often found to be the most disadvantaged. This paper explores the usage characteristics of multimodal users by differentiating mobile-reliant users, who primarily rely on mobile phones to access the Internet, and non-mobile-reliant users, who primarily use PCs to access the Internet, and investigates the socioeconomic characteristics of mobile-reliant users, the association of the access preference and usage patterns, and whether a new type of digital divide has emerged. Based on data collected in a major public research university in southwest China, this study demonstrates that mobile-reliant users are not disadvantaged compared to non-mobile-reliant users in terms of usage, with the development of advanced mobile technology and the wealth of mobile-friendly content available therein. Practical implications for higher educators are also discussed.
Case report: fast reversal of malignant obesity hypoventilation syndrome after noninvasive ventilation and pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: Hao Shengyu , Pang Lingling , Xie Liang , Wu Xu , Liu Zilong , Yu Pengfei , Li Shanqun
Published: June 2021

Background

Malignant obesity hypoventilation syndrome (MOHS) is described as a subtype condition of OHS, characterized by extreme obesity, obese-related hypoventilation, and multiorgan dysfunction. Because of low awareness and inadequate treatment, MOHS leads to high morbidity and mortality.

Case presentation

A 53-year-old man was diagnosed with MOHS evidenced by extreme obesity and multiorgan abnormalities. After taken noninvasive ventilation (NIV) treatment, he was rescued. And at the end of the six-month pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program, improvement in terms of respiratory parameters, BMI, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), and pulmonary hypertension were observed in the patient. Two years later, the patient was still in good condition.

Conclusions

This case highlights the awareness and proper use of NIV to rescue MOHS patients. Furthermore, the benefits of PR were explored in this case, which has not been considered within the therapeutic options for MOHS patients.
Accuracy of registration techniques and vascular imaging modalities in fusion imaging for aortic endovascular interventions: a phantom study
Authors: Sieren M. M. , Schareck C. , Kaschwich M. , Horn M. , Matysiak F. , Stahlberg E. , Wegner F. , Oechtering T. H. , Barkhausen J. , Goltz J.
Published: June 2021

Background

This study aimed to assess the error of different registration techniques and imaging modalities for fusion imaging of the aorta in a standardized setting using a anthropomorphic body phantom.

Materials and methods

A phantom with the 3D printed vasculature of a patient suffering from an infrarenal aortic aneurysm was constructed. Pulsatile flow was generated via an external pump. CTA/MRA of the phantom was performed, and a virtual 3D vascular model was computed. Subsequently, fusion imaging was performed employing 3D-3D and 2D-3D registration techniques. Accuracy of the registration was evaluated from 7 right/left anterior oblique c-arm angulations using the agreement of centerlines and landmarks between the phantom vessels and the virtual 3D virtual vascular model. Differences between imaging modalities were assessed in a head-to-head comparison based on centerline deviation. Statistics included the comparison of means ± standard deviations, student’s t-test, Bland-Altman analysis, and intraclass correlation coefficient for intra- and inter-reader analysis.

Results

3D-3D registration was superior to 2D-3D registration, with the highest mean centerline deviation being 1.67 ± 0.24 mm compared to 4.47 ± 0.92 mm. The highest absolute deviation was 3.25 mm for 3D-3D and 6.25 mm for 2D-3D registration. Differences for all angulations between registration techniques reached statistical significance. A decrease in registration accuracy was observed for c-arm angulations beyond 30° right anterior oblique/left anterior oblique. All landmarks (100%) were correctly positioned using 3D-3D registration compared to 81% using 2D-3D registration. Differences in accuracy between CT and MRI were acceptably small. Intra- and inter-reader reliability was excellent.

Conclusion

In the realm of registration techniques, the 3D-3D method proved more accurate than did the 2D-3D method. Based on our data, the use of 2D-3D registration for interventions with high registration quality requirements (e.g., fenestrated aortic repair procedures) cannot be fully recommended. Regarding imaging modalities, CTA and MRA can be used equivalently.
Optic disc drusen mimicking Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH): rely on ultrasound
Authors: Bakola Eleni , Alonistiotis Dimitrios , Arvaniti Chryssa , Salakou Stavroula , Nana Niki , Foska Aikaterini , Kotsali-Peteinelli Vasiliki , Voumvourakis Konstantinos , Tsivgoulis Georgios
Published: June 2021

Optic nerve ultrasound is an established routine supplementary diagnostic tool for idiopathic intracranial pressure but it can also be helpful in avoiding misdiagnoses. We describe a case of an obese 15- year-old girl with persistent headaches, fundoscopic findings suggesting papilledema, normal brain imaging who underwent two lumbar punctures with unremarkable cerebrospinal fluid findings before ultrasound revealed optic disc drusen as the cause of the optic disc elevation.
Caffeine consumption, intoxication, and stress among female university students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: AlAteeq Deemah A. , Alotaibi Razan , Al Saqer Raneem , Alharbi Njoud , Alotaibi Maram , Musllet Reema , Alraqibah Rana
Published: June 2021

Background

University students use caffeine to cope with stress in spite of its adverse effects. The purpose of this study is to explore caffeine consumption among university students in Saudi Arabia, as well as its correlation with stress and caffeine intoxication. This cross-sectional study examined a convenience sample of 547 students at Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU). A self-administrated questionnaire was used to assess caffeine consumption in milligrams per day, stress was assessed by the perceived stress scale (PSS), and caffeine intoxication was assessed using the DSM-5 criteria.

Results

The mean total caffeine consumption was 424.69 ± 385.31 mg/day. High levels of caffeine consumption were found among students of non-health colleges and students who were undiagnosed with psychiatric disorders (p values <0.040 and 0.027, respectively). A significant positive correlation was found between caffeine consumption and perceived stress (p<0.045). Only 13.26% of all participants fulfilled the DSM-5 criteria for caffeine use disorder. The majority of participants showed moderate and high stress levels (69.9% and 18.7%).

Conclusion

This study revealed high caffeine consumption and perceived stress levels among female undergraduate students with a significant positive association between them. The results emphasize the importance of educational campaigns about caffeine consumption and intoxication. They also encourage the development of stress management programs. Longitudinal studies need to be designed for evidence-based intervention.
Patient and Provider Perspectives on Postsurgical Recovery of Cushing Syndrome
Authors: Acree Rachel , Miller Caitlin M , Abel Brent S , Neary Nicola M , Campbell Karen , Nieman Lynnette K
Published: June 2021

Context

Cushing syndrome (CS) is associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL) even after surgical cure.

Objective

To characterize patient and provider perspectives on recovery from CS, drivers of decreased HRQOL during recovery, and ways to improve HRQOL.

Design

Cross-sectional observational survey.

Participants

Patients (n = 341) had undergone surgery for CS and were members of the Cushing’s Support and Research Foundation. Physicians (n = 54) were Pituitary Society physician members and academicians who treated patients with CS.

Results

Compared with patients, physicians underestimated the time to complete recovery after surgery (12 months vs 18 months, P = 0.0104). Time to recovery did not differ by CS etiology, but patients with adrenal etiologies of CS reported a longer duration of cortisol replacement medication compared with patients with Cushing disease (12 months vs 6 months, P = 0.0025). Physicians overestimated the benefits of work (26.9% vs 65.3%, P < 0.0001), exercise (40.9% vs 77.6%, P = 0.0001), and activities (44.8% vs 75.5%, P = 0.0016) as useful coping mechanisms in the postsurgical period. Most patients considered family/friends (83.4%) and rest (74.7%) to be helpful. All physicians endorsed educating patients on recovery, but 32.4% (95% CI, 27.3-38.0) of patients denied receiving sufficient information. Some patients did not feel prepared for the postsurgical experience (32.9%; 95% CI, 27.6-38.6) and considered physicians not familiar enough with CS (16.1%; 95% CI, 12.2-20.8).

Conclusion

Poor communication between physicians and CS patients may contribute to dissatisfaction with the postsurgical experience. Increased information on recovery, including helpful coping mechanisms, and improved provider-physician communication may improve HRQOL during recovery.
Hypomorphic and hypermorphic mouse models of Fsip2 indicate its dosage-dependent roles in sperm tail and acrosome formation
Authors: Fang Xiang , Gamallat Yaser , Chen Zhiheng , Mai Hanran , Zhou Pei , Sun Chuanbo , Li Xiaoliang , Li Hong , Zheng Shuxin , Liao Caihua , Yang Miaomiao , Li Yan , Yang Zeyu , Ma Caiqi , Han Dingding , Zuo Liandong , Xu Wenming , Hu Hao , Sun Ling , Li Na
Published: June 2021

Loss-of-function mutations in multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF)-associated genes lead to decreased sperm motility and impaired male fertility. As an MMAF gene, the function of fibrous sheath-interacting protein 2 (FSIP2) remains largely unknown. In this work, we identified a homozygous truncating mutation of FSIP2 in an infertile patient. Accordingly, we constructed a knock-in (KI) mouse model with this mutation. In parallel, we established an Fsip2 overexpression (OE) mouse model. Remarkably, KI mice presented with the typical MMAF phenotype, whereas OE mice showed no gross anomaly except for sperm tails with increased length. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the testes uncovered altered expression of genes related to sperm flagellum, acrosomal vesicle and spermatid development. We confirmed the expression of Fsip2 at the acrosome and the physical interaction of this gene with Acrv1, an acrosomal marker. Proteomic analysis of the testes revealed changes in proteins sited at the fibrous sheath, mitochondrial sheath and acrosomal vesicle. We also pinpointed the crucial motifs of Fsip2 that are evolutionarily conserved in species with internal fertilization. Thus, this work reveals the dosage-dependent roles of Fsip2 in sperm tail and acrosome formation.
Spc1 regulates the signal peptidase-mediated processing of membrane proteins
Authors: Yim Chewon , Chung Yeonji , Kim Jeesoo , Nilsson IngMarie , Kim Jong-Seo , Kim Hyun
Published: June 2021

Signal peptidase (SPase) cleaves the signal sequences (SSs) of secretory precursors. It contains an evolutionarily conserved membrane protein subunit, Spc1, that is dispensable for the catalytic activity of SPase and whose role remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the function of yeast Spc1. First, we set up an in vivo SPase cleavage assay using variants of the secretory protein carboxypeptidase Y (CPY) with SSs modified in the N-terminal and hydrophobic core regions. When comparing the SS cleavage efficiencies of these variants in cells with or without Spc1, we found that signal-anchored sequences became more susceptible to cleavage by SPase without Spc1. Furthermore, SPase-mediated processing of model membrane proteins was enhanced in the absence of Spc1 and was reduced upon overexpression of Spc1. Spc1 co-immunoprecipitated with proteins carrying uncleaved signal-anchored or transmembrane (TM) segments. Taken together, these results suggest that Spc1 protects TM segments from SPase action, thereby sharpening SPase substrate selection and acting as a negative regulator of the SPase-mediated processing of membrane proteins.
Dental microwear texture gradients in guinea pigs reveal that material properties of the diet affect chewing behaviour
Authors: Winkler Daniela E. , Clauss Marcus , Rölle Maximilian , Schulz-Kornas Ellen , Codron Daryl , Kaiser Thomas M. , Tütken Thomas
Published: June 2021

Dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) is widely used for diet inferences in extant and extinct vertebrates. Often, a reference tooth position is analysed in extant specimens, while isolated teeth are lumped together in fossil datasets. It is therefore important to test whether dental microwear texture (DMT) is tooth position specific and, if so, what causes the differences in wear. Here, we present results from controlled feeding experiments with 72 guinea pigs, which received either fresh or dried natural plant diets of different phytolith content (lucerne, grass, bamboo) or pelleted diets with and without mineral abrasives (frequently encountered by herbivorous mammals in natural habitats). We tested for gradients in dental microwear texture along the upper cheek tooth row. Regardless of abrasive content, guinea pigs on pelleted diets displayed an increase in surface roughness along the tooth row, indicating that posterior tooth positions experience more wear compared with anterior teeth. Guinea pigs feedings on plants of low phytolith content and low abrasiveness (fresh and dry lucerne, fresh grass) showed almost no DMT differences between tooth positions, while individuals feeding on more abrasive plants (dry grass, fresh and dry bamboo) showed a gradient of decreasing surface roughness along the tooth row. We suggest that plant feeding involves continuous intake and comminution by grinding, resulting in posterior tooth positions mainly processing food already partly comminuted and moistened. Pelleted diets require crushing, which exerts higher loads, especially on posterior tooth positions, where bite forces are highest. These differences in chewing behaviour result in opposing wear gradients for plant versus pelleted diets.
Effects of experimental increase in insulin-like growth factor 1 on feather growth rate, moult intensity and feather quality in a passerine bird
Authors: Lendvai Ádám Z. , Tóth Zsófia , Mahr Katharina , Osváth Gergely , Vogel-Kindgen Sarah , Gander Bruno A.
Published: June 2021

Moulting is a crucial, yet often overlooked life-history stage in many animals, when they renew their integumental structures. This life-history stage is an energetically demanding somatic growth event that has particular importance in birds because feathers play a crucial role in flight, insulation and communication. Somatic growth processes are regulated by the evolutionarily conserved peptide hormone insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). However, the role of IGF-1 in feather growth remains unknown. In this study, we captured 41 juvenile free-living bearded reedlings (Panurus biarmicus) that had started their first complete moult and brought them into captivity. Then, we manipulated their circulating IGF-1 levels using poly-(lactic-co-glycolid acid) microparticles (microspheres) that provide a sustained release of IGF-1. The treatment increased IGF-1 levels but did not affect the feather growth rate. However, 2 weeks after the treatment, birds in the increased IGF-1 group were moulting more feathers simultaneously than the controls and were at a more advanced stage of moult. Birds with experimentally increased IGF-1 levels had better quality feathers (measured by a lower number of fault bars) than the controls. These results suggest that an increase in IGF-1 does not speed up feather growth, but may alter moult intensity by initiating the renewal of several feathers simultaneously. This may shorten the overall moulting time but may imply costs in terms of IGF-1-induced oxidative stress.
Participation in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of metformin in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): pregnant women’s perceptions and experiences of the decision-making process
Authors: Wallace Sinead , Houghton Catherine , Dunne Fidelma
Published: June 2021

Background: Research in pregnancy and childbirth is required to advance healthcare needs for this population. Fears around potential fetal risk and the history of drug scandals renders it an area of research that is somewhat neglected. Due to the growing medical complexities facing pregnant women, efforts have been made in recent times to recognise the ethical importance of including this population in clinical research. Although clinical trials are becoming more common in pregnancy, recruitment of this population remains difficult with a common assumption that pregnant women would be reluctant to participate in clinical trials. This study set out to explore pregnant women’s perspectives and experiences of the decision-making process to participate in a randomised controlled trial of metformin in gestational diabetes mellitus (the EMERGE clinical trial).

Methods: This study employed a qualitative descriptive design with thematic analysis. Data were collected by conducting individual semi-structured interviews (n=11) with participants (n=9) and decliners (n=2) of the EMERGE clinical trial. 

Results: The main findings reveal that a significant perception of personal benefit from participation was the biggest influence on women’s decisions to participate. Concerns about the impact of gestational diabetes on their pregnancies, the option of a favourable intervention treatment, a low perception of risk associated with the trial and the opportunity to help medical research appeared to have significantly influenced their decision. Receiving detailed information, personal interactions with the study team, a perception of voluntariness in participation and accessibility of the trial positively impacted on women’s decisions to participate. 

Conclusions: Personal contact during recruitment, presenting clear and thorough trial information, providing previous participant testimonials, and facilitating women to participate in clinical trials are all important strategies when trying to enhance recruitment in pregnancy trials. Further research on pregnant women declining participation in clinical trials is needed.
Single-cell multi-omics analysis reveals IFN-driven alterations in T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Trzupek Dominik , Lee Mercede , Hamey Fiona , Wicker Linda S. , Todd John A. , Ferreira Ricardo C.
Published: June 2021

Background: The characterisation of the peripheral immune system in the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) at the single-cell level has been limited by the reduced sensitivity of current whole-transcriptomic technologies. Here we employ a targeted single-cell multi-omics approach, combining protein and mRNA quantification, to generate a high-resolution map of the T lymphocyte and natural killer (NK) cell populations in blood from SLE patients.

Methods: We designed a custom panel to quantify the transcription of 534 genes in parallel with the expression of 51 surface protein targets using the BD Rhapsody AbSeq single-cell system. We applied this technology to profile 20,656 T and NK cells isolated from peripheral blood from an SLE patient with a type I interferon (IFN)-induced gene expression signature (IFNhi), and an age- and sex- matched IFNlow SLE patient and healthy donor.

Results: We confirmed the presence of a rare cytotoxic CD4+ T cell (CTL) subset, which was exclusively present in the IFNhi patient. Furthermore, we identified additional alterations consistent with increased immune activation in this patient, most notably a shift towards terminally differentiated CD57+ CD8+ T cell and CD16+ NKdim phenotypes, and the presence of a subset of recently-activated naïve CD4+ T cells.

Conclusions: Our results identify IFN-driven changes in the composition and phenotype of T and NK cells that are consistent with a systemic immune activation within the IFNhi patient, and underscore the added resolving power of this multi-omics approach to identify rare immune subsets. Consequently, we were able to find evidence for novel cellular peripheral biomarkers of SLE disease activity, including a subpopulation of CD57+ CD4+ CTLs.
Micronucleus formation in mussel’ (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Lamarck 1819) haemolymph, liver, and gill cells as a biomarker in the assessment of genotoxicity in İzmir Bay (Aegean Sea, Turkey)
Authors: Çakal Arslan Özlem , Boyacıoğlu Meltem , Nalbantlar Beyza , Gülsever Gizem , Karaaslan Muhammet Ali
Published: June 2021

The sea has involved a large variety of environmental contaminants and plays a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems. The Izmir Bay, which has been rapidly polluted since the 1960s, was one of the intensely polluted areas in the Mediterranean. Organic materials, hydrocarbons, metals, and pathogenic organisms that are accumulated in the region, caused high pollution and threaten health and aesthetics. Because of this, the aim of this paper was focus on to investigations of the genetic damages in mussels in Izmir Bay. Investigations of mutagenic/carcinogenic potential have an advantage in genotoxicity studies because biomarker for pollution exposure in mussel is the early detection of possible long-term effects such as cancer. Therefore, genotoxicity was the focus of the biomarker investigations in mussel during the investigations. Thus, micronucleus tests were afforded to determine genetic damage in the haemolymph, liver, and gills of Mytilus galloprovincialis living in Izmir Bay (Western Coast of Turkey). In the present study, results showed that the frequency of MN was found at a high level in station 4 and station 5 where wastes from dockyard existed contributed to the high level of pollution. The recommendation is to standardize procedures for assessment of the toxic impact of pollutants at the cellular level in aquatic species by using micronucleus assays for biomonitoring of environmental pollution.
The evaluation of seasonal fatty acid composition and food sources of Pileurobrachia pileus (Ctenophora) in terms of trophic marker fatty acids in the Southeastern Black Sea
Authors: Şen Özdemir Nurgül , Feyzioğlu Ali Muzaffer , Caf Fatma
Published: June 2021

Seasonal changes of the lipid and fatty acid composition of Pleurobrachia pileus investigated monthly from March 2012 to February 2013. Average total lipid content was determined as percentage (%) and per individual (mg ind-1). It was highest in February (1.48 %; 3.55 mg ind-1). However, it was proportionally the lowest in April (0.40 %), and per individual in August (0.33 mg ind-1). Major fatty acids of P. pileus were identified as 16:0, 14:0, 11:1 n-9c, 20:5 n-3, and 22:6 n-3. P. pileus had on average 27.27 % ∑SFA, 25.04 % ∑MUFA and 47.63 % ∑PUFA content. EPA and DHA were the major fatty acids from PUFA. Seasonal changes of DHA were more obvious than EPA (p<0.05). Herbivore calanoid zooplankton trophic markers; 20:1 n-9 and DHA/EPA and herbivory trophic markers; EPA and DHA content were high in P. pileus fatty acids. It showed that herbivory fatty acids were taken by feeding from herbivory zooplankton and phytoplankton. Diet was an important factor in seasonal fatty acid changes of P. pileus. In addition, we revealed that P. pileus has a rich lipid content and fatty acid composition and plays an important role in the Southeastern Black Sea ecosystem functionalities between herbivory and carnivory species.
Scoring Probability Forecasts by a User’s Bets Against a Market Consensus
Authors: Johnstone David , Jones Stewart , Jones Oliver , Tulig Steve
Published: June 2021

The purpose of our paper is to describe a probability scoring rule that reflects the economic performance of a hypothetical investor who acts upon the probability forecasts emanating from a given model or human expert by trading against a market-clearing consensus of competing models and forecasts. The probability forecasts being compared are aggregated by an equilibrium condition into a market consensus reflecting the wisdom of the crowd. A good forecaster (model or human expert) is measured as one who allows the user to bet profitably against the market consensus. By asking forecasts to beat the market, forecasters are discouraged from herding and motivated to obtain better information than rival forecasters. We illustrate and prove that each trader’s personal incentive to hedge or fudge disappears when the number of forecasts in the market is sufficiently large. Our score exhibits the forecaster’s ability to assist economically profitable action and reveals how the user’s profits depend strongly on the accuracy of the forecasts and the decision rule (boldness) with which they are acted upon.
Photostability of triazole antifungal drugs in the solid state
Authors: Ekiert Radosław J. , Krzek Jan
Published: June 2021

The publication is devoted to photostability assessment of four triazole antifungal drugs: fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole. The compounds were exposed in the solid state using the whole spectrum of UV-Vis radiation. The analyses were performed using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) technique with densitometric detection. The results indicates considerable degradation of structurally similar itraconazole and posaconazole which could be clinically significant. After 72 hours of itraconazole irradiation there remain less than 25%, and 60% in case of posaconazole. To a lesser extent photodegradation concern two other compounds with a separate chemical structure: fluconazole and voriconazole. After 72 hours of irradiation there left 75% and 82% of these substances, respectively. The strict dependence between compound photostability and its chemical structure was observed.
Interlinkages Between Total Nitrogen and DOC Levels at an Urban Site of Saharsa District of Bihar (India)
Authors: Roy Akanksha , Kulshrestha Umesh C.
Published: June 2021

Nitrogen is an element essential for building fundamental blocks of life. When present in excess amount in air, it causes adverse effects for the environment and human health.Different air pollutants when scavenged through rains are deposited on the surface. The chemical composition of rain water is an indicator of the levels of different air pollutants in the region. The present study reports the concentrations of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and the reactive nitrogen species (NO3- and NH4+) in rain water at an urban site located in the Saharsa district of Bihar. The sampling was carried out during July 2018 to October 2018.Total 18 samples were collected during this period. Results showed that the concentration of NO3- was considerably higher (2.91 mg/L)ranging from 0.26 to 11.84 mg/L than the NH4+(0.84 mg/L) ranging from 0.00 to 3.2 mg/L.The pH value in the samples ranged from 5.50 to 7.68 with a mean value of 6.52.The DOC in rain water has been estimated by using the Shimadzu TOC analyzer. Apart from DOC, total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) & inorganic carbon (IC) have also been also analyzed by Shimadzu TOC analyzer. The results showed that both anthropogenic and natural sources contributed to the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in rain water. The linkages between the sources and the transformations of gaseous NH3 with DOC have been established considering the fact that most of TN is represented by NH3.Airmass back trajectory analysis showed that the site has trans-boundary source influence from Bay of Bengal and Bangladesh. The study suggests that there is need of continuous monitoring of these parameters in air in order to notice any impact on human health, soil and vegetation.
An update on halitosis: seven common questions
Authors: Wadia Reena
Published: June 2021

The aim of this review is to summarize answers to common questions related to halitosis including its prevalence, the different types, aetiology, assessment, diagnosis and management in general practice.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Halitosis is common, and dental professionals are often responsible for its diagnosis and management.
Resin-retained bridges: ten tips for success and an update on all-ceramic designs
Authors: Barraclough Olivia , Dennis Thomas , Patel Jaymit
Published: June 2021

Resin-retained bridges RRBs are a conservative and minimally invasive means of tooth replacement. The complex nature of planning for RRBs can be overlooked and may subsequently lead to poor outcomes. With ceramic RRBs gaining popularity, discussion surrounding how their preparation differs from that of conventional RRBs is imperative. This article provides an update on ceramic RRBs and highlights some tips for the general practitioner to improve the aesthetics and longevity of their bridges.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Tips to improve the aesthetics and longevity of bridges carried out in general practice are provided.
Sustainable oral healthcare and the environment: challenges
Authors: Mulligan Steven , Smith Lucy , Martin Nicolas
Published: June 2021

Oral healthcare has an environmental impact that is specific to the profession and is currently unsustainable. This impact results in unwanted and difficult-to-manage waste, carbon emissions and other environmental impacts that contribute to climate change. Contributions to this pollution come from the supply chain that provides the required materials and sundries, patient and staff commuting/travelling, direct patient care, the use and end-of-life management of restorative materials and single-use plastics (SUPs) such as personal protective equipment (PPE). This article explores these various contributors to pollution arising from oral healthcare.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The provision of oral healthcare has an environmental impact that requires consideration and action in order to become sustainable.
Rhizosphere Streptomyces formulas as the biological control agent of phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and plant growth promoter of soybean
Authors: SARI MAYA , NAWANGSIH ABDJAD ASIH , Wahyudi Aris Tri
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Sari M, Nawangsih AA, Wahyudi AT. 2021. Rhizosphere Streptomyces formulas as the biological control agent of phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and plant growth promoter of soybean. Biodiversitas 22: 3015-3023. Rhizosphere Streptomyces are considered as promising sources of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and biocontrol agents against pathogenic fungi, particularly Fusarium oxysporum causing root rot, cotyledon rot, hypocotyl rot, and stunted growth in soybean. Formulation of rhizosphere Streptomyces with appropriate carrier materials is necessary to facilitate storage and application in plants. This study aimed to develop a formulation of rhizosphere Streptomyces, apply the formula to control F. oxysporum, and promote soybean plant growth. Five Streptomyces isolates, i.e., Streptomyces panaciradicis ARK 13, Streptomyces tritolerans ARK 17, Streptomyces recifensis ARK 63, Streptomyces tendae ARK 91, and Streptomyces manipurensis ARK 94 were used in this study. All of the isolates could grow in potato broth, rice bran extract, and molasses as alternative media. The highest biomass produced from the molasses growth medium. All five isolates had antifungal activity against F. oxysporum with the inhibition percentage ranging from 41% to 76%, and all of them were detected to have the iaaM gene. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) hormone produced by these isolates were ranging from 8.99-15.14 mg L-1, with the phosphate solubilization index of 2.13-2.47. Five rhizosphere Streptomyces formulas with the main carrier of peat could maintain the viability with the population density of 108 CFU g-1 for 8 weeks of storage at room temperature. Two formulas, F17 and F94, were the best formulas to control disease caused by F. oxysporum with disease suppression of 74% in sterile soil and 80-85% in non-sterile soil. Formula F17 and F94 significantly increased soybean growth in sterile and non-sterile soils. Therefore, these formulas could be recommended as biocontrol and plant growth promoters of soybean.
Potential of phosphate solubilizing fungi isolated from peat soils as inoculant biofertilizer
Authors: Elfiati Deni , DELVIAN Delvian , Hanum Hamidah , Susilowati Arida , Rachmat Henti Hendalastuti
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Elfiati D, Delvian, Hanum H, Susilowati A, Rachmat HH. 2021. Potential of phosphate solubilizing fungi isolated from peat soils as inoculant biofertilizer. Biodiversitas 22: 3042-3048. Phosphate-solubilizing fungi are the microbes that have the ability to dissolve insoluble phosphate and made it available for plants. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to obtain the phosphate-solubilizing fungi from peat soils. Peat soil samples were taken in a composite at a depth 0-20 cm from the peat ecosystem in Nagasaribu Village, Lintong Nihuta Sub-district, Humbang Hasundutan District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Soil samples were isolated to obtain phosphate-solubilizing fungi using the Pikovskaya selective medium. The obtained isolates were tested for their ability to dissolve phosphate qualitatively by calculating the dissolution index values and quantitatively by calculating the available phosphorus on Pikovskaya medium by using four phosphate sources, namely Ca3(PO4)2, AlPO4, FePO4, and phosphate rock. Total of 12 isolates of phosphate-solubilizing fungi was obtained during the present study. Based on the results of qualitative and quantitative testing, all 12 isolates have the ability to release phosphate from the four tasted phosphate sources. The qualitative test obtains dissolution index values that vary from 2.55 to 4.25, while quantitatively, the isolates were able to dissolve phosphate in the value range from 17.77 ppm to 69.86 ppm. The top five fungal isolates with highest phosphate-solubilizing potential were FG5, FG8, FG9, FG11, and FG12. Based on molecular identification, these five isolates were identified as Aspergillus niger.
Arboreal arthropod assemblages in chili pepper with different mulches and pest managements in freshwater swamps of South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Herlinda Siti , Tricahyati Titi , Irsan Chandra , Karenina Tili , HASBI Hasbi , SUPARMAN Suparman , Lakitan Benyamin , Anggraini Erise , Arsi Arsi
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Herlinda S, Tricahyati T, Irsan C, Karenina T, Hasbi, Suparman, Lakitan B, Anggraini E, Arsi. 2021. Arboreal arthropod assemblages in chili pepper with different mulches and pest managements in freshwater swamps of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3057-3066. In the center of freshwater swamps in South Sumatra, three different chili cultivation practices are generally found, namely differences in mulch and pest management that can affect arthropod assemblages. The effect of mulches and pest management on arboreal arthropod assemblages specific to chili production centers in the freshwater swamps of South Sumatra has never been investigated. This study aimed to observe arboreal arthropod assemblages in chili with different mulches and pest management. Arboreal arthropods were sampled using sweep nets in three locations with plots treated with leaf litter mulch and bioinsecticide, plastic mulch and synthetic insecticide, and weedy plot without mulch with synthetic insecticide. The species number of arboreal arthropods found was 28 species of Arachnids and 23 species of Insects, and consisting of 6 families of the Arachnids and 25 families of Insects. The abundance of arboreal arthropods was 65.60 individuals/5 nets per observation. In the chili field without mulch but with the insecticide, the species biodiversity and abundance of arboreal predatory arthropods were the highest. In contrast, in the chili field, that applied with synthetic insecticides and plastic mulch, the abundance of arboreal predatory arthropods was the lowest. The herbivorous insect populations in chili with plastic mulch and synthetic insecticides and the chili with the leaf litter mulch were higher than those in the chili without mulch. In the chili with the leaf litter mulch and bioinsecticide, the species number and abundance of the spiders were the highest compared to the other chili fields. The weedy chili field without mulch and chili with the leaf litter mulch has proved ideal habitats for the arboreal predatory arthropods.
Thermophilic bacteria isolated from Mount Merapi, Java, Indonesia as a potential lead bioremediation agent
Authors: Rakhmawati Anna , Wahyuni Endang Tri , Yuwono Triwibowo
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Rakhmawati A, Wahyuni ET, Yuwono T. 2021. Thermophilic bacteria isolated from Mount Merapi, Java, Indonesia as a potential lead bioremediation agent. Biodiversitas 22: 3101-3110. Contamination by lead (Pb) has become a serious health and environmental problem, that has to be urgently prevented. Bioremediation is one of the environmentally friendly methods for eliminating Pb from the contaminated environment. This study was aimed to investigate the potency of lead-tolerant thermophilic bacteria isolated from solfatara Mount Merapi, Indonesia. A total of 340 isolates of thermophilic bacteria were screened for lead tolerance at 55 °C. Five bacterial isolates were found to show tolerance to 100 mg/L Pb (II), and then were further evaluated and identified as Aeribacillus pallidus strains MRP112, MRP148, MRP272, MRP278, and MRP280 based on 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis. Among the five isolates, A. pallidus MRP 280 showed highest activity in removing Pb at pH 6, 55°C for 24 h. The analysis of scanning and transmission electron microscopy, biofilm formation, and siderophore production, demonstrated that lead tolerance of A. pallidus MRP 280 strain was also accompanied by morphological changes, bioaccumulation, biosorption, biofilm, and siderophore assembly. In conclusion A. pallidus MRP 280 was demonstrated as one of the most potential bacterial strains, can be recommended as an agent for high-temperature lead bioremediation.
Ecotourism development through biodiversity potential identification and community perception in the protected forest on Buano Island, Western Seram, Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Siahaya Martha Ekawati , Matius Paulus , Aipassa Marlon I , Rayadin Yaya , RUSLIM YOSEP , Aponno Hendrik S.E.S
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Siahaya ME, Matius P, Aipassa MI, Rayadin Y, Ruslim Y, Aponno HSES. 2021. Ecotourism development through biodiversity potential identification and community perception in the protected forest on Buano Island, Western Seram, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3179-3191. Forest as part of a large ecosystem has an important meaning and role in supporting living systems. Various great benefits can be obtained from the forests through its functions as a provider of water resources for humans and the environment, the ability of carbon sequestration, oxygen suppliers in the air, global climate regulators, and tourism service providers. The community has important role and participation in ecotourism that are different from other forms of tourism. Perception is a fundamental element that needs to be known before planning several activities that will involve the local community. This study aims to identify the potential of flora and fauna in the protected forest area for tourist attraction and analyze the Buano island community’s (Western Seram District, Maluku Province, Indonesia) perception of ecotourism development activities. The vegetation data were collected using the combination of the path method and the compartmentalized line method. The method used for collecting wildlife data in the field is the line transect method as well as direct and indirect observations. Meanwhile, data related to community perceptions were collected through questionnaires and interviews. The results show that the villages on Buano island have biodiversity and cultural potential that could be developed as ecotourism attractions. In addition, the community’s perception supported that they strongly agree on the development of ecotourism in the villages of Buano island.
Tree dimension and environmental correlates of heartwood content in Siamese rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis)
Authors: Meunpong Ponthep , Penboon Chatcharin , Kuasakun Nawaphong , Wachrinrat Chongrak
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Meunpong P, Penboon C, Kuasakun N, Wachrinrat C. 2021. Tree dimension and environmental correlates of heartwood content in Siamese rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis). Biodiversitas 22: 3297-3303. Siamese rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis) is considered amongst the prime timber varieties in high demand with the wood fetching high prices in the international timber market. Therefore, illegal logging and smuggling of Siamese rosewood from natural forests poses a severe problem in Thailand. Heartwood and its content is the most valuable part of Siamese rosewood, which in practice, cannot be measured directly in living trees. Hence, we investigated the relationship between the heartwood content of Siamese rosewood, and tree dimension and environmental characteristics across eleven plantations throughout Thailand construct a model for predicting the heartwood content using specific environmental variables. The results indicate that there were differences in the mean annual increment of all measurement parameters (d0, d30, dbh, and total height of a tree) across eleven plantations studied. However, we did not find any statistically significant differences between the increments in heartwood diameter. Furthermore, we found that suitable location for Siamese rosewood plantation could result in doubling of growth rate. We report that dbh was the most relevant variable and could be used as a predictor for heartwood content. In terms of environmental variables, soil properties at top layer that affect the heartwood content were particle density, organic matter, and silt particles. Using the resulted equation formulated in this study may be useful when planning areas for suitable plantations of Siamese rosewood in Thailand.
Indigenous multiresistant bacteria of Cupriavidus pauculus IrC4 isolated from Indonesia as a heavy metal bioremediation agent
Authors: Wahyu Irawati , WINOTO STEVANUS ERICK , KUSUMAWATI LUCIA , PINONTOAN REINHARD
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Irawati W, Winoto SE, Kusumawati L, Pinontoan R. 2021. Indigenous multiresistant bacteria of Cupriavidus pauculus IrC4 isolated from Indonesia as a heavy metal bioremediation agent. Biodiversitas 22: 3349-3355. Heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental problem because it endangers humans, animals, and plants. Bioremediation of heavy metals using bacteria is an effective method to remove heavy metals. Cupriavidus pauculus IrC4 is an indigenous multi-resistant bacteria isolated from Indonesia. This study aims to determine the growth of this strain in a medium containing cadmium, mercury, lead, copper, and its ability to accumulate heavy metal. Bacterial resistance was observed by cultivating bacteria on a Luria Bertani medium containing various concentrations of heavy metals. Heavy metal accumulation was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The study showed that this strain could grow in a solid medium containing 5 mM cadmium, 13 mM lead, and 4 mM mercury, also in 0.5 mM of the heavy metal mixture. A high concentration of heavy metals resulted in lag phase elongation and logarithmic growth phase inhibition. C. pauculus IrC4 could accumulate copper, lead, and cadmium and lead up to 371.42 mg, 254.4 mg, 5.8 mg heavy metals per gram of dry weight of cells, respectively. In conclusion, this strain is a promising bacterium for use as a heavy metal bioremediation agent.
Potential of invasive alien species Clidemia hirta as antibacterial against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Pratami Mentari Putri , Fendiyanto Miftahul Huda , Satrio Rizky Dwi , Widana I Dewa Ketut Kerta , Nikmah Isna Arofatun , Sari Nastiti Intan Permata , Awwanah Mo , Farah Nadya , Darmadi Didi
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Pratami MP, Fendiyanto MH, Satrio RD, Widana IDKK, Nikmah IA, Sari NIP, Awwanah M, Farah N, Darmadi D. 2021. Potential of invasive alien species Clidemia hirta as antibacterial against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. Biodiversitas 22: 3363-3369. Clidemia hirta D. Don is an invasive alien species (IAS) that is a threat to biodiversity in tropical country particularly Indonesia, and remains underutilized to date. Conversely, prevalence of typhus in Indonesia is generally higher every year. Thus, the aim of this study was to detect phytochemicals in ethanolic and aqueous extracts of C. hirta and their antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. The research methods included sample identification, generating the simplicia, determination of water content, extraction, phytochemical screening tests, and antibacterial activity tests. Identification was made based on morphological characteristics. The water content in the dried powder of simplicia was 12.26 ± 0.39%. Phytochemical results showed that 70% ethanol extract of C. hirta contained flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids compounds. In addition, aqueous extract of C. hirta showed positive results on flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids tests. Antibacterial activity results showed that ethanolic extracts of C. hirta inhibited S. typhi and S. aureus at all concentrations, while aqueous extract inhibited bacterial growth in only 12.5% ??and 25% concentrations. These findings indicate that C. hirta has antibacterial activity that inhibits S. typhi and S. aureus. This information can be used for adding preliminary data to metabolite interest researchers, i.e., biologists and biotechnologists in the future.