bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Dabigatran Treatment on Rotation Thromboelastometry
Authors: Sokol Juraj , Nehaj Frantisek , Ivankova Jela , Mokan Michal , Zolkova Jana , Lisa Lenka , Linekova Ludmila , Mokan Marian , Stasko Jan
Published: February 2021

A rapid and reliable assessment of the dabigatran effect is desirable in dabigatran treated patients with uncontrolled bleeding or before acute surgery. The aim of this study was to study the anticoagulant effects of dabigatran in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) as assessed by the whole blood assays ROTEM, and how data from these methods correlate to plasma dabigatran concentrations measured by Hemoclot. ROTEM was performed with ROTEM Gamma (Pentapharm GmbH, Munich, Germany). The assays used in our study were Ex-tem and In-tem assay. Plasma dabigatran concentrations were determined by hemoclot thrombin inhibitor assay (Hyphen BioMed, France) at trough and post-dose in 27 patients on dabigatran 150 mg BID. Median plasma dabigatran concentrations at trough were 74 ng/mL (11.2–250) and post-dose (2 h after ingestion) 120 ng/mL (31–282). The ROTEM clotting time (CT) and maximum clot firmnes (MCF) correlated strongly with dabigatran concentrations when activated with the reagents Ex-tem (p < 0.0001) and In-tem (p < 0.0001). In summary, in our study, we have found that the ROTEM variable CT and MCF, when activated with triggers Ex-tem and In-tem, has a strong and highly significant correlation with the plasma dabigatran concentration in a real-life population of AF-patients and could thereby be an alternative to estimate dabigatran concentration in emergency situations. However, additional studies are needed to further validate these findings.
On multi-fault detection of rolling bearing through probabilistic principal component analysis denoising and Higuchi fractal dimension transformation
Authors: Yang Xiaomin , Xiang Yongbing , Jiang Bingzhen
Published: February 2021

Bearing multi-fault detection from stochastic vibration signal is still a thorny task to dispose of because of the complex interplay between different fault components under severe noise interference. In such case, conventional techniques such as filter processing and envelope demodulation may cause undesired results. To overcome the limitation, this article explores a filtering-free technique combined probabilistic principal component analysis denoising with the Higuchi fractal dimension transformation to diagnose the bearing multi-faults. Fractal theory is used to optimize the model parameters and stabilize the random vibrational signal for fast Fourier transform spectrum analysis. Noise interference in the Higuchi transformation is capped using a probabilistic principal component analysis model whose parameters are optimized through embedding dimension Cao algorithm and correlation dimension Grassberger and Procaccia algorithm. The fault diagnostic scheme mainly falls into three steps. First, the original vibration signal is truncated into a series of sub-signal segments by moving window whose length is determined as twice the value of maximum time delay that is provided by examining the steady Higuchi fractal dimension value of a raw signal in a process of plotting the fractal dimension over a range of time delay. Then, the Higuchi approach is used to estimate the average fractal dimension for each segment to create a quasi-stationary Higuchi fractal dimension sequence on which, finally, the fault features are straightforwardly extracted by the fast Fourier transform algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using simulated and experimental compound bearing fault vibration signals. Some fault components may be clouded if applied Higuchi fractal dimension alone because of the noise interference, but using the probabilistic principal component analysis–Higuchi fractal dimension method leads to clear diagnostic results. It indicates that the proposed approach can be incorporated into bearing multi-fault extraction from raw vibration signals.
A novel framework of model predictive control for controlling a class of nonlinear system in the presence of uncertainty
Authors: Zamani Mohammad Reza , Rahmani Zahra , Rezaie Behrooz
Published: February 2021

This article addresses a novel framework of a model predictive control algorithm with providing robustness property for a class of nonlinear system. This structure uses both past knowledge and weighted predicted information of the process which lead to solving two optimization problems. The first one is related to the model predictive control optimization problem so as to obtain the optimal control input, and the second one is linked with another simple optimization problem to achieve the optimal weighting coefficients. Because the parameter uncertainties exist in real processes because of the limited amount of data or variation of parameters over time and so on, the robust monotonic convergent of the proposed model predictive control against model uncertainty is investigated. To validate the effectiveness of this structure, a nonlinear system and coupled tank system as an experimental simulation are implemented. Moreover, the comparison between this novel structure of model predictive control and the typical model predictive control algorithm is made. It is shown that by adjusting the weighting factors and control horizons properly in the proposed strategy, more satisfactory performance of the output signal in the proposed model predictive control rather than the typical model predictive control algorithm is obtained.
Maintaining Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation at Home in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Pinto Duarte , Spencer Lissa , Pereira Soraia , Machado Paulo , Sousa Paulino , Padilha Miguel
Published: February 2021

To systematize strategies that may support patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease to maintain the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation over time. This systematic literature review was conducted, and the evidence was electronically searched in the Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO databases. This review included randomized controlled clinical trials, published until September 2019, that addressed components of an unsupervised home-based pulmonary rehabilitation program, maintenance strategies following outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programs, as well as data on outcomes for quality of life, exercise performance, and dyspnea. A final sample of 5 articles was obtained from a total of 1693 studies. Data for final synthesis were grouped into 2 categories: components of unsupervised home-based pulmonary rehabilitation programs and maintenance strategies. An unsupervised home-based pulmonary rehabilitation program should consist of an educational component, an endurance training component, and a strength training component. When patients are transferred to the home environment, it is important to include more functional exercises specifically adapted to the patient’s condition, goals, and needs.
What Is Wisdom? A Unified 6P Framework
Authors: Sternberg Robert J. , Karami Sareh
Published: February 2021

In this article, we propose a “6P” unified framework for understanding wisdom and accounts of wisdom: purpose, press, problems, persons, processes, products. We discuss wisdom in terms of these 6Ps, which expand and elaborate upon 4Ps originally suggested for models of creativity. We open the article with a discussion of the importance of wisdom. Then, we consider some past accounts of wisdom. We begin by considering explicit models of wisdom and then implicit models (folk theories) of wisdom, first Western and then non-Western. Next, we elaborate upon the 6P framework. We then consider how existing models differ from one another in terms of the 6P framework. Then, we discuss how the 6P framework elucidates the development of wisdom. Finally, we draw conclusions, in particular, that a complete model of wisdom ultimately would need to specify all of the 6Ps, but it is not clear that any current models do so.
Pro-inflammatory adiponectin in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis
Authors: Nyirenda Mukanthu H , Fadda Giulia , Healy Luke M , Mexhitaj Ina , Poliquin-Lasnier Laurence , Hanwell Heather , Saveriano Alexander W , Rozenberg Ayal , Li Rui , Moore Craig S , Belabani Chahrazed , Johnson Trina , O’Mahony Julia , Arnold Douglas L , Yeh E Ann , Marrie Ruth Ann , Dunn Shannon , Banwell Brenda , Bar-Or; Amit
Published: February 2021

Background:

Being obese is associated with both increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) and greater MS disease activity.

Objectives:

The objective of this study is to investigate levels and potential pathophysiologic contribution of serum adipose-hormones (adipokines) in pediatric-onset MS.

Methods:

Following a Luminex adipokine screen, adiponectin (APN) and its isoforms were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 169 children with incident acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS), prospectively ascertained as having either MS or other forms of inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) demyelination. The effect of recombinant APN and APN-containing sera was assessed on functional responses of normal human peripheral blood myeloid and T cells and on human CNS-derived microglia.

Results:

Compared to other cohorts, children with MS harbored higher serum APN levels, principally driven by higher levels of the low-molecular-weight isoform. Recombinant APN and pediatric MS serum-induced APN-dependent pro-inflammatory activation of CD14+ monocytes and of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (both directly and indirectly through myeloid cells). APN induced human microglia activation while inhibiting their expression of molecules associated with quiescence.

Conclusions:

Elevated APN levels in children with MS may contribute to enhanced pro-inflammatory states of innate and adaptive peripheral immune responses and breach CNS-resident microglia quiescence, providing a plausible and potentially targetable mechanism by which APN contributes to MS disease activity.
The effects of lecturers’ non-native accent strength in English on intelligibility and attitudinal evaluations by native and non-native English students
Authors: Hendriks Berna , van Meurs Frank , Usmany Nina
Published: February 2021

The rapid spread of English medium instruction (EMI) across the globe has led to a growing number of non-native lecturers teaching in English to student populations that are increasingly international. The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent lecturers with slight or moderate Dutch accents or native British English accents are evaluated differently in terms of intelligibility, comprehensibility and attitudinal impressions by non-native and native English-speaking listeners. In an experiment, 189 Dutch listeners, 175 international non-native listeners and 158 native English listeners evaluated fragments recorded by moderately accented Dutch, slightly accented Dutch and native English speakers. Findings showed that the moderately non-native accented lecturers were evaluated more negatively than lecturers with slight or native accents by both Dutch and international non-native listeners, but not by native English listeners. This suggests that non-native listeners evaluate the accents of non-native lecturers according to native speaker pronunciation norms.
Formation of an emergent protestor identity: Applying the EMSICA to the Gezi Park protests
Authors: Uysal Mete Sefa , Akfırat Serap Arslan
Published: February 2021

Recent research on collective action indicates the importance of dynamic and culturally diverse perspectives. One of these models, the encapsulated model of social identity in collective action (EMSICA), claims that perceived injustice and group efficacy shape the emergence of novel forms of identity during protests. An emergent social identity is a strong predictor of collective action participation, as recent studies have demonstrated. In this study we aim to test the tenets of the EMSICA in a non-WEIRD context, the Gezi Park protests in Turkey. We conducted a retrospective survey study with 345 activists who participated in the Gezi Park protests. Findings showed that increased perception of injustice of the government’s totalitarian policies, the decision to demolish Gezi Park, police brutality, as well as group efficacy beliefs predicted the Gezi Park protestor identity. Moreover, the emergent Gezi Park protestor identity directly predicted participation in the protests. Our findings highlight that the EMSICA has important predictive power in a non-WEIRD context, the Gezi Park protests, and showed that perceived injustices and group efficacy became facilitators of the emergence of an overarching protestor identity. We believe that the core drivers of collective action should be understood and tested as context-sensitive, and we should extend our understanding about core motivations from global categories to contextual outcomes of intergroup encounters. In conclusion, we hope this study pave the way for understanding dynamics of collective action participation in repressive contexts, demonstrating how injustices such as totalitarian policies and police brutality along with group efficacy become facilitators of the emergence of an overarching protestor identity.
#IamMetiria: A qualitative case study of agonistic welfare policy debates on Twitter
Authors: Salter Leon A.
Published: February 2021

#IAmMetiria began on Twitter in July 2017, after a speech by New Zealand Green Party co-leader, Metiria Turei, challenging political consensus on welfare policy. Turei confessed she lied to authorities in the 1990s, prompting a flood of supportive posts. Soon after, right-wing oppositional tweets were posted ( n = 288) contesting the arguments of Turei and her supporters, and left-wing responses to those arguments ( n = 214). Drawing on Mouffe’s dissensual model, this article undertakes a close, qualitative analysis of those 502 tweets, in order to move towards a method for empirically distinguishing between antagonistic and agonistic tweets, identifying the latter as putting forward arguments which can be identified by the researcher and potentially engaged with by ideologically opposed adversaries. The results show a majority of the tweets were agonistic, with implications for the future study of social media policy debates and for the online practices of scholars.
Voice Without Choice? Investigating Adolescent Girls’ Agency in Marital Decision-making in Niger
Authors: Saul Grace , Diarra Aïssa , Melnikas Andrea J. , Amin Sajeda
Published: February 2021

This article uses qualitative data from Niger to examine adolescent girls’ perceptions of their own agency in marriage decisions and contextual factors influencing these perceptions. We find that girls make marital decisions within a context that stresses parental consent and community approval, places a high value on obedience, and is constrained by limited opportunities, gendered distribution of labor, and dominant social norms promoting an early and narrow ‘window of opportunity’ for marriage. Findings demonstrate that interventions aiming to delay marriage in Niger must work to influence both community norms supporting child marriage and girls’ own motivations in martial decision-making.
A new divide? Assessing the transnational-nationalist dimension among political parties and the public across the EU
Authors: Jackson Daniel , Jolly Seth
Published: February 2021

European politics is increasingly being contested along two dimensions: the economic left-right dimension and a relatively new dimension focused on European integration and immigration. We test this framework at the party and individual-levels in the European Union. First, we use the Chapel Hill Expert Survey to demonstrate that there is no simple relationship between these dimensions at the party level in many European Union countries, and in fact the two dimensions are increasingly orthogonal. We then use the 2019 European Elections Study to show that the transnational-nationalist dimension significantly improves vote choice models relative to models that ignore this dimension. Even more striking, the transnational-nationalist dimension is not just significant, but actually improves vote choice models as much or more than the economic left-right dimension.
Predictive information and maintenance optimization based on decision theory: a case study considering a welded joint in an offshore wind turbine support structure
Authors: Farhan Muhammad , Schneider Ronald , Thöns Sebastian
Published: February 2021

Predictive information and maintenance optimization for deteriorating structures is concerned with scheduling (a) the collection of information by inspection and monitoring and (b) maintenance actions such as repair, replacement, and retrofitting based on updated predictions of the future condition of the structural system. In this article, we consider the problem of jointly identifying—at the beginning of the service life—the optimal inspection time and repair strategy for a generic welded joint in a generic offshore wind turbine structure subject to fatigue. The optimization is performed based on different types of decision analyses including value of information analyses to quantify the expected service life cost encompassing inspection, repair, and fatigue damage for all relevant combinations of inspection time, repair method, and repair time. Based on the analysis of the expected service life cost, the optimal inspection time, repair method, and repair time are identified. Possible repair methods for a welded joint in an offshore environment include welding and grinding, for which detailed models are formulated and utilized to update the joint’s fatigue performance. The decision analyses reveal that an inspection should be scheduled approximately at mid-service life of the welded joint. A repair should be performed in the same year after an indication and measurement of a fatigue crack given an optimal inspection scheduling. This article concludes with a discussion on the results obtained from the decision and value of information analyses.
Transcription as a Key Phase of Data Analysis in Qualitative Research: Experience from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Oluwafemi Adeagbo , Xulu S. , Dlamini N. , Luthuli M. , Mhlongo T. , Herbst C. , Shahmanesh M. , Seeley J.
Published: February 2021

Transforming spoken words into written text in qualitative research is a vital step in familiarizing and immersing oneself in the data. We share a three-step approach of how data transcription facilitated an interpretative act of analysis in a study using qualitative data collection methods on the barriers and facilitators of HIV testing and treatment in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
In Silico Identification of Contradictory Role of ADAMTS5 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Zhipeng , Xu Jiuhua , Wu Xiaofang , Lin Sihao , Li Lulu , Ye Weipeng , Huang Zhengjie
Published: February 2021

Background:

ADAMTS5 has different roles in multiple types of cancers and participates in various molecular mechanisms. However, the prognostic value of ADAMTS5 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still remains unclear. We carried the study to evaluate the prognostic value and identified underlying molecular mechanisms in HCC.

Methods:

Firstly, the association of ADAMTS5 expression and clinicopathological parameters was evaluated by in GSE14520. Next, ADAMTS5 expression in HCC was performed using GSE14520, GSE36376, GSE76427 and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) profile. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis, Univariate and Multivariate Cox regression analysis, subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of ADAMTS5 in HCC. Finally, GO enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed to revealed underlying molecular mechanisms.

Result:

The expression of ADAMTS5 was positively correlated with the development of HCC. Next, high ADAMTS5 expression was significantly associated with poorer survival (all P < 0.05) and the impact of ADAMTS5 on all overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), relapse-free survival (RFS), disease specific survival (DSS) and progression free interval (PFI) was specific for HCC among other 29 cancer types. Subgroup analysis showed that ADAMTS5 overexpression was significantly associated with poorer OS in patients with HCC. Finally, ADAMTS5 might participate in the status conversion from metabolic-dominant to extracellular matrix-dominant, and the activation of ECM-related biological process might contribute to high higher mortality risk for patients with HCC.

Conclusion:

ADAMTS5 may play an important role in the progression of HCC, and may be considered as a novel and effective biomarker for predicting prognosis for patients with HCC.
XPD Polymorphisms and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhou Qiang , Fu Yu , Wen Lijia , Deng Yu , Chen Junhong , Liu Kai
Published: February 2021

Background:

Cancer is associated with genetic variants of DNA repair genes that alter DNA repair capacity. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the relations between the rs13181 and rs1799793 XPD gene polymorphisms and risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and gastric cancer.

Methods:

Relevant publications were systematically sought from Web of Science, Pubmed, and China Academic Journals Full-text Database. The selection of eligible studies was performed by 2 independent authors. A total of 32 case-control studies were included. Meta-analyses were undertaken in all study participants and each ethnic group.

Results:

The risk of HCC was significantly increased with the XPD rs13181 G allele (P = 0.028, pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-1.80) in all study participants. A subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed that the association was significant in Chinese (P = 0.009, pooled OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.11-2.02), but not in Caucasians (P = 0.619, pooled OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.64-2.13). Meta-analysis of the XPD rs1799793 polymorphism and HCC showed an association between its variant T allele and increased HCC risk in all study participants (P = 0.017, pooled OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.04-1.46, all Chinese). Our results showed no associations between the XPD rs13181 G allele and rs1799793 T allele and gastric cancer risk (rs13181: P = 0.298, pooled OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.92-1.31; rs1799793: P = 0.068, pooled OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 0.98-1.74).

Conclusions:

This meta-analysis demonstrated that the XPD rs13181 G allele and rs1799793 T allele have significant associations with HCC and may be risk factors for HCC in the Chinese population. Current evidence indicated that they are not related to gastric cancer risk.
Epilepsy and Neurodegeneration: A Bidirectional Relationship
Authors: Szaflarski Jerzy P.
Published: February 2021

[Box: see text]
Mindfulness in a Moroccan University: Exploring Students’ Transformational Journey Through an Academic Course in Mindfulness
Authors: Kumar Smita
Published: February 2021

This study examines how students experienced and made meaning of a novel academic course in mindfulness, offered to foster holistic learning through self-knowledge. For this interpretive phenomenological analysis, data were collected through critical reflective journals and semistructured interviews. The findings suggest that the course allowed students to develop deeper self-awareness, greater well-being, compassion, and wisdom and to experience profound transformation. The study suggests that gaining metacognitive awareness into causes of suffering led students to engage in change. Also, as students engaged in mindfulness practices, they drew connections with their religious and spiritual practices, deepening our understanding of cultural–spiritual perspectives on transformative learning. This course and study examined the idea that if we build mindfulness and contemplative pedagogy into the core curriculum of higher education, we can provide opportunities for transformative and lifelong learning.
Combination of Serum Neurofilament Light Chain Levels and MRI Markers to Predict Cognitive Function in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Peng Yuan , Li Qianfeng , Qin Lei , He Yating , Luo Xun , Lan Yue , Chen Xin , Wang Xin , Wang Qing Mei
Published: February 2021

Background:

It is important to predict poststroke cognitive outcome to guide individualized treatment and prevention strategy. We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the combination of a serum biomarker for axonal damage (neurofilament light chain [NfL]) and neuroimaging markers (volume of infarction and white matter hyperintensities [WMH]) for neuronal abnormality in poststroke cognitive outcome.

Methods:

A total of 1028 patients were screened; among them, 144 patients with acute ischemic stroke (stroke group) and 30 patients without stroke (control group) were enrolled. Serum NfL levels of samples obtained from both groups were measured through single molecule array assay. Neuroimaging markers of neuroaxonal injury, including infarct volume and WMH in the stroke group were quantified on magnetic resonance images using an in-house MATLAB code (MATLAB 2017; MathWorks). The primary outcome was the functional independence measure (FIM) cognitive subscores on discharge. We assessed the association of serum NfL levels and neuroimaging markers with cognitive outcome. The prognosis value of the combination of serum NfL levels and imaging markers for predicting FIM cognitive subscores on discharge was calculated using the area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic.

Results:

Serum NfL levels of the stroke group were 9-fold higher than those of the control group (1449.7 vs 157.2 pg/mL, n = 144/30, P < .001). There was a correlation of serum NfL levels with infarct volume ( r = 0.530, P < .001) and functional outcome, including FIM cognitive subscores ( r = −0.387, P < .001) and FIM motor subscores on admission ( r = −0.306, P < .001), but not with WMH volume after adjusting for infarct volume ( r = −0.196, P = .245). Serum NfL levels on admission independently predicted poststroke FIM cognitive subscores on discharge (AUC = 0.672, P < .001). The predictive value for poststroke cognitive outcome was improved by combining serum NfL levels with infarct and WMH volume (AUC = 0.760, P < .001).

Conclusion:

The combination of serum NfL levels with volume of infarct and WMH shows an improved predictive value for cognitive function during acute rehabilitation phase after stroke, providing a promising panel of biomarkers for prognosis and guidance of treatment.
Modeling the seam strength of denim garments by using fuzzy expert system
Authors: Sarkar Joy , Al Faruque Md Abdullah , Mondal Moni Sankar
Published: February 2021

The main purpose of this study is to predict and develop a model for forecasting the Seam Strength (SS) of denim garments with respect to the thread linear density (tex) and Stitches Per Inch (SPI) by using a Fuzzy Logic Expert System (FLES). The seam strength is an important factor for the serviceability of any garments. As seams bound the fabric pieces together in a garment, the seams must have sufficient strength to execute this property even in the unexpected severe conditions where the garments are subjected to loads or any additional internal or external forces. Sewing thread linear density and number of stitches in a unit length of the seam are the two of the most important factors that affect the seam strength of any garments. But the relationship among these two specific variables and the seam strength is complex and non-linear. As a result, a fuzzy logic based model has been developed to demonstrate the relationship among these parameters and the developed model has been validated by the experimental trial. The coefficient of determination ( R2) was found to be 0.98. The mean relative error also lies withing acceptable limit. The results have suggested a very good performance of the model in the case of the prediction of the seam strength of the denim garments.
Does the Talkable programme improve caregiver knowledge and confidence in assisting their child’s language learning? A pilot study
Authors: Nitsche Karen , Leitão Suze , Parsons Richard
Published: February 2021

This paper reports a preliminary evaluation of the [Talkable] 10-week language learning programme. This training programme aims to help caregivers provide a rich language learning environment in a child’s first 3 years of life through the provision of evidence-based information and practical strategies to promote language development delivered primarily via mobile application. Participants in the study completed pre- and post-programme surveys on a range of questions relating to their knowledge and confidence in assisting their child’s language learning. Results indicated significant improvements in participant’s self-reported levels of knowledge about early language development and ways to assist their child’s language learning, while level of concern about their child’s language development remained fairly constant. These findings provide preliminary support for the use of [Talkable] in primary prevention, and direction for future development of the programme. Findings also add to the currently limited evidence-base for providing early language primary prevention programmes via mobile application.
Scoping review of the rolling resistance testing methods and factors that impact manual wheelchairs
Authors: Ott Joseph , Pearlman Jonathan
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Rolling resistance (RR) is a drag force acting on manual wheelchairs that is associated with increased propulsion force and is linked to secondary disabling conditions of the upper limbs. A scoping review was conducted to understand how RR of manual wheelchairs has been measured and to identify limitations of those test methods and the factors tested.

Methods

A total of 42 papers were identified and reviewed, and test methods were categorized based on the measurement style of RR, testing level, and if multiple parameters could be tested. Additionally, 34 articles were reviewed for what factors were tested.

Results

Seven different testing methods categories were identified: drag test, treadmill, motor draw, deceleration, physiological expenditure, ergometer/dynamometer, and robotic test rig. Relevant articles were categorized into testing factor categories: camber, toe, tire type, tire pressure, caster type, mass, mass distribution, and type of surface.

Conclusions

The variety of testing methods suggests the need for a standardized method that can be used for wheelchair wheel design and selection to reduce RR. It is important to use adjustments, such as a forward rear axle position to mitigate RR as well as using high-pressure pneumatic tires that are properly inflated.
Digital leadership: State governance in the era of digital technology
Authors: Peng Bo
Published: February 2021

The rise of digital technology, as represented by artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, cloud computing, big data, edge computing and 5G, is not only leading a new round of economic and industrial transformation, but also reshaping society and fundamentally transforming state governance. In retrospect, almost every recent catastrophe in China has been followed by substantial advances in the Chinese internet. While the COVID-19 pandemic poses a daunting challenge for the country, it has provided an opportunity for digital technology to be deployed in the fight against it. After COVID-19, it will be important to establish a model of governance that is compatible with digital technology, so a government with digital leadership will be a standard component of a digital society. Digital leadership and state capacity are theoretically based on the same foundation. Both are organic bodies supported by digital insights, digital decision-making, digital implementation and digital guidance, with digital thinking as the basis. All aspects collaborate throughout the process of state governance to assist its modernisation. Digital competence, platforms, government and talent should be improved as part of digital leadership.
Fear Reduces Perceived Sweetness: Changes in the Perception of Taste Due to Emotional State
Authors: Zushi Naoya , Ogawa Midori , Ayabe-Kanamura Saho
Published: February 2021

The taste of food and beverages can depend on changes in our taste perception. Also, this change may be due to emotional state. This study manipulated the emotional state of participants by having them watch different types of movies: comedy, horror, and documentary. High state anxiety was triggered among the participants who watched a horror movie, and high juice consumption was confirmed among them. The perception of sweetness of the mixed juice was found to be reduced in the horror movie group compared with the other two groups. Also, we also confirmed the negative correlation between perception of sweetness and state anxiety. Furthermore, the relationship between liking the juice and perception of sweetness was found to differ according to emotional state. This study confirms that our emotional state affects our perception of taste, including that feeling fear and anxiety can reduce the perception of sweetness.
SSI Youth and Family Case Management: A Taxonomy of Critical Factors, Competencies, and Translation to Practice
Authors: Golden Thomas P. , Karhan Andrew J. , Karhan Adene P. , Prenovitz Sarah J.
Published: February 2021

Youth who receive Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits experience disparate educational, employment, and economic outcomes when compared to youth with disabilities who do not receive these entitlements. Promoting the Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE) was a 6-year national research demonstration project that designed, implemented, and evaluated interventions that led to more successful postschool outcomes for youth SSI recipients ages 14 to 16. Although prior research demonstrations have been conducted testing the combination of case management with other services and supports with SSI populations, research on the taxonomy of those case management strategies considered most effective in supporting positive postschool outcomes is very limited. This article presents a comprehensive taxonomy of case management that provides a common frame of reference for future research on effective case management strategies and translation to practice by discussing implications for policy, practice, and further research when supporting successful postschool outcomes of youth SSI recipients.
Hypoalbuminemia and Elevated CRP are Risk Factors for Deep Infections and Urinary Tract Infections After Lumbar Spine Surgery in a Large Retrospective Patient Population
Authors: Yoshida Brandon , Nguyen Ailene , Formanek Blake , Alam Milad , Wang Jeffrey C. , Buser Zorica
Published: February 2021

Study Design:

Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Objectives:

To determine if pre-operative albumin and CRP can predict post-operative infections after lumbar surgery.

Methods:

Patients who underwent an anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), or lumbar discectomy were identified using a patient record database (PearlDiver) and were included in this retrospective study. Patients were stratified by Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores and pre-operative albumin and CRP status. Post-operative complications included deep infections and urinary tract infections within 3 months of the surgery and revisions within 1 year of the surgery.

Results:

74,280 patients were included in this study. 21,903 had pre-operative albumin or CRP lab values. 7,191 (33%), 12,183 (56%), and 2,529 (12%) patients underwent an ALIF, PLIF, and a lumbar discectomy, respectively. 16,191 did not have any complication (74%). The most common complication was UTI (16%). Among all patients, hypoalbuminemia was a significant risk factor for deep infection and UTI after ALIF, deep infection, UTI, and surgical revision after PLIF, and deep infection after lumbar discectomy. Elevated CRP was a significant risk factor for deep infection after ALIF, UTI after PLIF, and deep infection after lumbar discectomy in patients with a CCI ≤ 3.

Conclusions:

Pre-operative hypoalbuminemia and elevated CRP were significant risk factors for deep infection, UTI, and/or revision, after ALIF, PLIT, and/or lumbar discectomy. Future studies with a larger population of patients with low albumin and high CRP values are needed to further elaborate on the current findings.
Using Interprofessional Simulation to Enhance Student Knowledge and Promote Collaborative Practice in Disaster Management
Authors: Fifolt Matthew , Brown Michelle , Kidd Elena , Nabavi Meena , Lee Heather , McCormick Lisa C.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Experiential learning activities, such as simulations, strengthen student learning by allowing students to apply didactic knowledge to real-world settings. Moreover, simulation-based interprofessional education supports teamwork and skill development as outlined in accreditation standards for many health and health-related academic programs. The purpose of this article is to describe the role of interprofessional simulation in enhancing student knowledge and promoting collaborative practice for disaster management. Method. Multiple data sources were used to assess a simulated EF-5 tornado disaster event including an observational protocol, a disaster simulation survey, and a survey from the Office of Interprofessional Simulation for Innovative Clinical Practice. Results. Students reported increased satisfaction and knowledge with applying skills associated with interprofessional practice, including communication, teamwork, and collaboration. Additionally, students identified skills that could be broadly applied to a range of work settings on graduation such as seeking role clarity, utilizing job action sheets, and responding to a complex situation. Notably, students reported increased levels of knowledge gain of the incident command structure after applying knowledge from didactic sessions to the simulation. Conclusion. Simulation is an innovative strategy for integrating theory and practice to best prepare graduates for the dynamic world in which they live and work. Experiential learning opportunities appeal to the assumptions of adult learning, promote the skills that employers value, and bridge the competencies of multiple academic disciplines that frequently operate in silos. Institutional leaders should view experiential learning as a critical component of student learning and an investment in workforce development.
The inflammatory profile of cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and saliva from patients with severe neuropathic pain and healthy controls-a pilot study
Authors: Jönsson Mika , Gerdle Björn , Ghafouri Bijar , Bäckryd Emmanuel
Published: February 2021

Background

Neuropathic pain (NeuP) is a complex, debilitating condition of the somatosensory system, where dysregulation between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are believed to play a pivotal role. As of date, there is no ubiquitously accepted diagnostic test for NeuP and current therapeutic interventions are lacking in efficacy. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of three biofluids - saliva, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), to discriminate an inflammatory profile at a central, systemic, and peripheral level in NeuP patients compared to healthy controls.

Methods

The concentrations of 71 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in saliva, plasma, and CSF samples from 13 patients with peripheral NeuP and 13 healthy controls were analyzed using a multiplex-immunoassay based on an electrochemiluminescent detection method. The NeuP patients were recruited from a clinical trial of intrathecal bolus injection of ziconotide (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01373983). Multivariate data analysis (principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least square regression) was used to identify proteins significant for group discrimination and protein correlation to pain intensity. Proteins with variable influence of projection (VIP) value higher than 1 (combined with the jack-knifed confidence intervals in the coefficients plot not including zero) were considered significant.

Results

We found 17 cytokines/chemokines that were significantly up- or down-regulated in NeuP patients compared to healthy controls. Of these 17 proteins, 8 were from saliva, 7 from plasma, and 2 from CSF samples. The correlation analysis showed that the most important proteins that correlated to pain intensity were found in plasma (VIP > 1).

Conclusions

Investigation of the inflammatory profile of NeuP showed that most of the significant proteins for group separation were found in the less invasive biofluids of saliva and plasma. Within the NeuP patient group it was also seen that proteins in plasma had the highest correlation to pain intensity. These preliminary results indicate a potential for further biomarker research in the more easily accessible biofluids of saliva and plasma for chronic peripheral neuropathic pain where a combination of YKL-40 and MIP-1α in saliva might be of special interest for future studies that also include other non-neuropathic pain states.
Analysis and review of trichomes in plants
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Shen Chao , Meng Pinghong , Tan Guofei , Lv Litang
Published: February 2021

Background

Trichomes play a key role in the development of plants and exist in a wide variety of species.

Results

In this paper, it was reviewed that the structure and morphology characteristics of trichomes, alongside the biological functions and classical regulatory mechanisms of trichome development in plants. The environment factors, hormones, transcription factor, non-coding RNA, etc., play important roles in regulating the initialization, branching, growth, and development of trichomes. In addition, it was further investigated the atypical regulation mechanism in a non-model plant, found that regulating the growth and development of tea (Camellia sinensis) trichome is mainly affected by hormones and the novel regulation factors.

Conclusions

This review further displayed the complex and differential regulatory networks in trichome initiation and development, provided a reference for basic and applied research on trichomes in plants.
Clinical and endoscopic features of aorto-duodenal fistula resulting in its definitive diagnosis: an observational study
Authors: Ichita Chikamasa , Sasaki Akiko , Sumida Chihiro , Kimura Karen , Nishino Takashi , Tasaki Junichi , Masuda Sakue , Koizumi Kazuya , Kawachi Jun , Kako Makoto
Published: February 2021

Background

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is the most important presentation of an aorto-duodenal fistula (ADF). Early diagnosis is difficult, and the disease is associated with high mortality. The present study aimed to examine the clinical and the endoscopic characteristics of ADF in eight patients who presented to our hospital. We also sought to clarify the diagnostic approach towards the disease.

Methods

The present study examined the clinical and the endoscopic/computed tomography (CT) characteristics of ADF in eight patients who were definitively diagnosed with this condition in a 12-year period at our hospital.

Results

The patients comprised of five men and three women, with a mean age of 69.8 years. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding was the chief complaint for all the patients. Out of these, two patients presented with shock. The patients’ mean haemoglobin at presentation was 7.09 g/dL, and the mean number of blood transfusions was 7.5. All patients had undergone intervention to manage an aortic pathology in the past. As the first investigation, an upper GI endoscopy in 5 and a CT scan in 3 patients were performed. In cases where CT scan was performed first, no definitive diagnosis was obtained, and the diagnosis was confirmed by performing an upper GI endoscopy. In cases where endoscopy was performed first, definitive diagnosis was made in only one case, and the other cases were confirmed by the CT scan. In some cases, tip attachments, converting to long endoscopes, and marking clips were found useful.

Conclusions

In patients who have undergone intervention to manage an aortic pathology and have episodes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, ADF cannot be definitively diagnosed with only one investigation. In addition, when performing upper GI endoscopy in cases where an ADF is suspected, tip attachment, converting to a long endoscope, and using marking clips can be helpful.
The use of eculizumab in Capnocytophaga canimorsus associated thrombotic microangiopathy: a case report
Authors: Bjørkto Magnus Holter , Barratt-Due Andreas , Nordøy Ingvild , Dörje Christina , Galteland Eivind , Lind Andreas , Hilli Abdulkarim , Aukrust Pål , Mjøen Geir
Published: February 2021

Background

The use of complement inhibition is well established for complement mediated thrombotic microangiopathy, but its role in secondary forms of thrombotic microangiopathy is debated. We here present a case of thrombotic microangiopathy triggered by Capnocytophaga canimorsus, illustrating the diagnostic difficulties in discriminating between different thrombotic microangiopathies, and the dilemmas regarding how to treat this disease entity.

Case presentation

A previously healthy 56-year-old woman presented with fever and confusion. She was diagnosed with sepsis from Capnocytophaga canimorsus and thrombotic microangiopathy. Marked activation of both T-cells, endothelium and complement were documented. She was successfully treated with antimicrobial therapy, the complement inhibitor eculizumab and splenectomy. After several weeks, a heterozygote variant in complement factor B was localized, potentially implying the diagnosis of a complement mediated TMA over an isolated infection related TMA.

Conclusions

We discuss the possible interactions between complement activation and other findings in severe infection and argue that complement inhibition proved beneficial to this patient’s rapid recovery.
A case series of children and young people admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Germany with COVID-19
Authors: Remppis Jonathan , Ganzenmueller Tina , Kohns Vasconcelos Malte , Heinzel Oliver , Handgretinger Rupert , Renk Hanna
Published: February 2021

Background

While our knowledge about COVID-19 in adults has rapidly increased, data on the course of disease and outcome in children with different comorbidities is still limited.

Methods

Prospective, observational study at a tertiary care children’s hospital in southern Germany. Clinical and virology data from all paediatric patients admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection at our hospital were prospectively assessed.

Results

Between March and November 2020, 14 patients were admitted with COVID-19. One patient was admitted a second time with COVID-19 6 months after initial disease. Among seven patients with severe underlying comorbidities, three developed multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), two were admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit. One patient needed invasive ventilation. Another patient died shortly after discharge of COVID-19-related complications.

Conclusions

While COVID-19 generally causes mild disease in children, severe respiratory illness and MIS-C occur, in some cases with fatal outcome. Children with underlying diseases might be at special risk for severe disease.