bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deviation saddles for cables bridges: development and qualification ofstay cable technology
Authors: Erdogan Julien-Erdem , Zivanovic Ivica , Guesdon Matthieu
Published: March 2021

Deviation saddles for cables are regularly used in projects such as cable stayed bridges, suspended bridges or extradossed bridges. The choice of a deviation saddle may be imposed to improve the bridge aesthetics with a slender pylon and to simplify the construction with a solid pylon section. Saddles are a proper anchorage and must be designed such as to ensure a safe transfer of vertical forces and of differential forces of stay cables into the pylon structure.

For parallel strand cables, since grouted stay cable tends to disappear from commonly accepted design and technologies, due to corrosion protection and fatigue issues, the most widely used concept of saddle is made of a battery of individual tubes, placed inside a guide pipe poured of concrete.

The most recent saddle system developed consists in allowing the passage of the strands through the saddle without individual tubes. Strands go directly through concrete recesses within the Ultra High Performance Fiber Concrete (UHPFC) matrix. Recesses are made thanks to reusable rubber bars removed after poured concrete is hardened. Thanks to an optimized cross section of the recesses, individual holes maximize the friction between the concrete and specially sheathed strands with local application of a cohesive sheathing (Cohestrand®), which allow strands to transfer important asymmetrical loads to the saddle without sliding. Meanwhile, a continuous corrosion protection is ensured by the strand sheathing from one deck anchorage to the other.

This make the use of saddle a cost-effective and durable mean to deviate and anchor parallel strand cables, that suits Owners needing simple but robust design for stay cable or extradossed bridges. Such saddle bridge design is nowadays clearly described in the 7thedition of the PTI recommendations, that specifies the qualification process of saddle technologies, especially in regards to the accurate definition of a minimum friction coefficient.
Intensity-Based Feature Selection for Near Real-Time Damage Diagnosis of Building Structures
Authors: Sajedi Seyed Omid , Liang Xiao
Published: March 2021

Near real-time damage diagnosis of building structures after extreme events (e.g., earthquakes) is of great importance in structural health monitoring. Unlike conventional methods that are usually time-consuming and require human expertise, pattern recognition algorithms have the potential to interpret sensor recordings as soon as this information is available. This paper proposes a robust framework to build a damage prediction model for building structures. Support vector machines are used to predict the existence as well as the probable location of the damage. The model is designed to consider probabilistic approaches in determining hazard intensity given the existing attenuation models in performance-based earthquake engineering. Performance of the model regarding accurate and safe predictions is enhanced using Bayesian optimization. The proposed framework is evaluated on a reinforced concrete moment frame. Targeting a selected large earthquake scenario, 6,240 nonlinear time history analyses are performed using OpenSees. Simulation results are engineered to extract low-dimensional intensity-based features that can be used as damage indicators. For the given case study, the proposed model achieves a promising accuracy of 83.1% to identify damage location, demonstrating the great potential of model capabilities.
Seismic Strengthening of Existing RC Structure Through External 3D Exoskeleton
Authors: Badini Lorenzo , de Stefano Cosimo A. , Custodi Alberto
Published: March 2021

The seismic hazard in the southern regions of Europe is known as one of the most critical issues when considering the improvement of the existing buildings in terms of energy and structural behavior. The use of integrated plug-and-play systems can be a solution to the most common obstacles occurring during the different phases in the building practices: from the design to the realization. Within the framework of the European project Pro-GET-onE, a case of structural strengthening obtained by applying a steel exoskeleton connected to the reinforced concrete (RC) structures of an existing building has been presented. The modelling, the linear and non-linear analyses were conducted with finite element software. They have been implemented for the pilot case of Athens, and the results have been achieved in relation to different parameters such as PGA, shear exploitation and displacement in the plastic phase. This approach determines an increase in the global stiffness of the structural system with a consequent reduction in displacements. Depending on the actual plasticization of the RC frames, the resulting excursion in the plastic phase of the exoskeleton is proven to provide a dissipation of extra energy and a stiffness increase in the existing building.
Numerical investigation of built-up cold-formed steel beams connected by spot welding
Authors: Ungureanu Viorel , Lukačević Ivan , Both Ioan , Burca Mircea
Published: March 2021

Built-up cold-formed steel elements are efficient structural elements, very attractive due to material savings, but also for ease of construction. The connection between the built-up beam components can be easily obtained by screws, but the developments in the welding process also led to other solutions like spot welding. The WELLFORMED research project, conducted within the CEMSIG Research Center of the Politehnica University of Timisoara, proposes to study a new technological solution for built-up beams made of corrugated steel sheets for the web and thin-walled cold-formed steel profiles for the flanges, connected by spot welding. Within the research project, the experimental work included tensile-shear tests on the lap joint welded specimens, where different combinations of steel sheets with various thicknesses were tested and, tests on two full-scale beams in bending. The paper briefly summarizes the results of the experimental program and extends the research by numerical analyses to demonstrate the potential of this solution for standardization and industrial manufacturing. Based on the validation of the numerical model, the paper presents the influence of several parameters i.e.: (1) the initial imperfections, (2) the number and distance between spot welding on flanges, (3) the thickness of the flanges, (4) the thickness of the corrugated web and (5) the thickness of the shear panel. From the parametric study, it results that the bearing capacity of the corrugated web beams made of cold-formed steel components is highly affected by the stability of the components and less affected by the configuration and the number of spot welding.
Timber-concrete composite frame joint for high-rise buildings
Authors: Höltke Tim , Bleicher Achim
Published: March 2021

Timber is one of the few renewable materials that improves its structural properties when combined with concrete. The composite of timber and concrete increase stiffness and fire protection, unlike timber when used alone. In contrast to concrete structures, timber-concrete composite (TCC) structures reduce the carbon footprint and the specific weight of a building. At the Chair of Hybrid Structures - Structural Concrete of BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg a moment-resistant TCC joint was developed for multi-story frames, which can be used as a structural system for high-rise buildings. Facts like a modular construction, a fast assembly and a plug-in connection were aspects that shaped the development. A high rotational stiffness and load-bearing at the composite joint was also achieved using high strength beech laminated veneer lumber (LVL).

The TCC frame works on its own and in combination with other bracing systems. Initial investigations on the load-bearing behavior were carried out using numerical analysis followed by experiments on real-sized joints in further studies. First results will be presented in this paper. The developed TCC joint as part of structural systems offers a high variability and can thus contribute to tomorrow’s sustainable vertical growth of cities.
Towards efficiency in constructive timber engineering - design and optimization of timber trusses
Authors: Kromoser Benjamin , Braun Matthias
Published: March 2021

Currently, laminated timber is widely used. The gluing allows for higher part length and involves an advantageous behavior regarding deformations due to shrinkage and lead to better, more regular mechanical properties. The drawback is a low material utilization factor. Starting from a tree trunk, only 25-30 % are part of the final product. Thus, the high-quality product has to be used as efficient as possible.

At moment mostly, plate girders made of laminated timber are used as a result of the efficient industrialized manufacturing process. If in comparison a truss system is used, a similar load bearing capacity and stiffness can be achieved with much less material effort. The aim of the authors is to industrialize the design and manufacturing process of timber truss systems to be able to compete with the common plate girder systems. The complete process starting from the design, static optimization, work preparation to production process will be cumulated in a continuous digital approach. The paper describes the research approach and experiments about the digital production (by use of a robot arm) and load bearing behavior of different wood- wood connections as first development step. In addition, the design of 1:1 load tests at different timber trusses as well as comparable plate girders is presented.
Enhanced Seismic Systems for Mass-Timber Structures
Authors: Sarkisian Mark , Garai Rupa , Johnson Benton , Horiuchi Chris
Published: March 2021

Mass-timber provides numerous benefits in reducing structural material impact on the environment by limiting building embodied carbon. Mass timber from sustainably harvested farms is a renewable material and considered a sink from wood carbon sequestration, and the reduced weight of mass timber framed buildings results in less lateral system and foundation materials.

Timber’s limited ductility and traditional connections limit applications in high-seismic regions, but a series of novel connections can reliably provide ductility by using friction to dissipate energy, protecting timber elements as they remain essentially elastic. The bolted connections are designed to be easily replaceable after an earthquake and can re-center the building under any residual drift. In these systems, the seemingly incompatible concepts of resilient and sustainable design can be achieved concurrently, using a renewable material for the base material and connections which specifically target faster recovery times.

The Pin-Fuse® Joint and Link-Fuse™ Joint systems, used in moment resisting timber frames and cross- laminated timber shear walls systems, rely on slipping of pre-tensioned bolts across friction surfaces to simulate material yielding. This paper will review the theory behind the systems, application of the devices in timber structures, and compare enhanced seismic design to conventional design timber buildings.
Prediction of Bearing Lifetime Demands by Considering the Bridge Design and Location Parameters
Authors: Patel Minesh K. , Balomenos Georgios P.
Published: March 2021

Thelong-term performance and safety of bridges is of paramount importance. Researchers have placed significant focus on the degradation and deterioration of bridge materials such as steel and concrete, but significantly less is known about the long-term behavior of bridge bearings. Uncertainty in the bearing behavior over time leads to challenges about when the bearings should be inspected and potentially replaced. However, bearing demands vary greatly based on the design of the bridge (e.g. differences in bridge material, girder type, span, height, and location). This paper finds trends in lifetime bearing demands from seismic, thermal, and traffic loading when the bridge design and location parameters are considered. These results can be used to identify which of the parameters have the greatest influence on the lifetime bearing demands which can then be used, in turn, to evaluate bearing long-term performance.
Challenges towards Design Review due to Cultural and Human Factors
Authors: Brehm Eric , Hertle Robert , Soane Alastair
Published: March 2021

Design review has proven effective to avoid human errors in the design process. Since human error is the major cause for structural collapse [1], most countries have implemented procedures for design review in their building legislation. These systems represent the lived building culture in each state and thus work differently. Within the European harmonization process, challenges regarding the integration of different building cultures

have been discovered. These cultural challenges affect structural safety in a wide array of topics, e.g. technical

approval of building products.

In this paper, the effect of differences in the building culture and the way they affect structural safety will be investigated. Furthermore, the effect on the individual due to human factors will be examined and assessed. The goal is to provide a better understanding of the impact of cultural differences on the design review procedure and on the individual.
Design of Gridshells – Challenges and Advances in Design
Authors: Correa Cristobal , Schwitter Craig M.
Published: March 2021

The structural engineering techniques used in the design of gridshells have evolved considerably in recent years as the impact of digital design and fabrication has allowed for the creation of ever more complex geometries and analysis. This paper will examine this evolution using different case studies that chart the introduction of technology and look at how this has changed the ways that gridshells are conceived and integrated into architectural designs.

The paper will argue that this evolution can be linked with the tradition of engineer as builder, as the design, analysis, fabrication and construction of these elements becomes more and more enmeshed and offer opportunities for greater design involvement. This new way of looking at gridshell design needs to be properly understood and the engineer needs to have the correct level of design intelligence to be able to navigate these challenges and produce a successful project.
Load-carrying capacity of RC members in the viaducts of Railway where ASR occurred
Authors: Hirota Mototsugu , Chikami Keishi
Published: March 2021

In Japan, measures against ASR have been started since the late 1980s, but it is no exaggeration to say that all buildings built before that may be affected by ASR. Deterioration and damage due to ASR are remarkable in the section from around TsubameSanjo Station on the Joetsu Shinkansen operating in East Japan Railway Company to around Niigata Station, and there are situations where maintenance management is difficult. Currently, if there are major defects in regular inspections, we will carry out surface treatment etc., but we are starting to study how to prevent the ingress of water at the stage of minor defects in order to prevent the progression of ASR. When waterproofing the surface of a structure in which a crack or the like is generated by ASR, the effects of water blocking effect and reduction of the amount of water in concrete are not well known. In this report, RC slab members exposed and stored for about 15 years (about 40 years after completion) were used as RC beam specimens, and were dried to some extent on the assumption that moisture was blocked, and a loading test was performed. As a result of the loading test, the maximum strength of the RC beam specimen was larger than the calculated shear strength. From this result, it is considered that the damage level of the current ASR does not have the effect of reducing the shear resistance so much.
Vibration Serviceability of Long Span Cable Bridges using Long-term Monitoring Data
Authors: Hwang Eui-seung , Kim Sun-Kon , Kim Do-Young , Park Ki-Jung
Published: March 2021

Along with building slender and longer span structures, vibration serviceability becomes more important considerations in bridge design and maintenance. In this study, vibration serviceability and deflection limit for long span cable bridges are investigated using long-term monitoring data such as accelerations and displacements of bridges. Exampled bridges are Yi Sun-Sin Grand Bridge (suspension bridge, main span length=1,545m) and 2ndJindo Grand Bridge (cable stayed bridge, main span length=344m). Long-term data are analyzed and compared with various design codes, guidelines, and other research results. Probability of exceedance are calculated for each criterion. Regarding on deflection limits, Korean Bridge Design Code (Limit State Design) specifies L/400 and L/350 for cable stayed and suspension bridges, respectively. Saadeghvaziri suggested deflection limit based on natural frequency, acceleration limit of 0.5 m/s² and vehicle speed. Various human comfort criteria on vibration are also applied including ISO standards. The results of this study are expected to be useful reference for the design, the proper planning and deflection review of the long span cable bridges around the world. Further researches are required to find the optimum deflection or vibration criteria for long span bridge and their effects on bridge clearance and elevation.
Application of 3D Bridge Information Modeling in the Life-cycle of Bridges
Authors: Hatami Afshin , Mabrich Alex
Published: March 2021

Building information modeling (BIM) is a new technology in the bridge construction industry. 3D models can provide perfect numerical expression of drawings from design results. 3D information models for bridge structures improve design quality in terms of accurate drawings, constructability, and collaboration. However, there are lots of challenges to apply these techniques to actual bridge projects. For instance, bridge engineers are facing the challenge of making the vast information generated by their structural model useful for professionals further down the line in the lifecycle of the bridge. Contractors and inspectors require a 3D model which is created after the design process to add extra information related to activities and store that information in the same model. In this paper, technologies available to generate, manage, and enrich the bridge 3D model with intelligent information from construction to design and inspection are proposed.
Automated data acquisition to show the actual performance during the construction process
Authors: Walther Tino , Bargstädt Hans-Joachim
Published: March 2021

In times of workplace digitalization, Building Information Modeling (BIM) is indispensable to the construction industry due to the potential of consistent data tracking and usage. Based on a dynamic working environment as well as specific internal requirements of individual companies, object-oriented planning and processing with BIM-methods still needs adaptation efforts in order to be widely acceptable in the realization phase and on the construction site. Thus, the mapping of actual data on site is deemed the “Achilles’ heel” of successful project control.

This paper presents a concept for automated data acquisition in complex infrastructure construction sites – especially regarding the processes of road construction and earthworks – with emphasis on different innovative digital methods from which actual values regarding the construction progress can be derived and compared to a target model or digital twin. The objective is to avoid subjective misinterpretations, minimize project risks and turn the project into a more responsible enterprise altogether.
Structural design constructability verification using BIM
Authors: Kotze Dirk , Wium Jan A.
Published: March 2021

Poor coordination and collaboration between designers and contractors are common within the Architecture, Engineering and Consulting (AEC) industry. The lack of collaboration in projects of building structures often results in unpractical designs which could incur unnecessary costs and time on projects. This study considered the design and construction of suspended floor slabs as a topic to investigate how Building Information Modelling (BIM) can be used as a tool to implement a constructability verification process in structural design.

Several factors affect constructability of floor slabs. These factors, identified from a previous case study and from literature, were used to derive questions for interviews with contractors. The information gathered during the interviews was used to identify a range of possible verifications which can form part of a proposed constructability analysis process.

A second round of interviews was conducted with experienced consultants to validate a proposed process and to obtain their preferences in terms of the implementation of the process. The input from the consultants were used to develop guidelines for the implementation of a proposed constructability analysis process.
Challenge of conserving resources - Concepts for the Construction of medium span Bridges with a Service Life of 200 Years
Authors: Braml Thomas , Zimmert Florian
Published: March 2021

Reducing the consumption of resources is one of the greatest challenges we currently face in the construction industry. Not only because of the very strong increase in the world population from 7.72 billion inhabitants in 2020 to approx. 9.55 billion inhabitants in 2050, only limited resources are available to every inhabitant of the earth. It is the task of civil engineers to accept this challenge and to develop new constructions, building materials and construction methods that enable resource-poor construction. In building construction, concepts are moving in the direction of innovative designs and construction methods with the aim of saving material [1]. The requirements for bridges, however, are clearly different from those for building structures. For bridges it may therefore be necessary to build robustly. This somewhat contradicts the design approach of saving material. A possible approach to still save resources can be to extend the service life. If bridges are planned and built for 200 years or even 300 years instead of 100 years as is currently the case, 50% to 70% of the resources currently required for a bridge can be saved. New materials, construction methods and techniques are already available, which would make it possible to build a bridge with a service life of 200 years. It will not be possible for all components of a bridge to have a service life of more than 200 years. Bridge bearings, expansion joints, sealing membranes as a sealing layer under hot asphalt, etc. have a maximum service life of 20 to 30 years. Here, bridges must be designed in such a way that these components can be quickly replaced. Similar to a customer service with a car, wear parts should be replaceable in a plannable, quick and cost-effective way. It is also possible to use the robust construction method for medium span bridges, so that bearings can be dispensed with if necessary. In addition, there are the first pilot bridges for a concrete carriageway that can be directly driven on, so that sealing can be dispensed with.

The article shows an overview of the current available options for building a bridge with a service life of more than 200 years. In addition, a concept for such a bridge with a span of 25 to 60 m is presented. Especially bridges with such spans represent a large part of the total amount of bridges.
Sobre dificuldades de ingressantes no ensino médio na compreensão de números racionais
Authors: Carvalho Alexia Bezerra de , Guimarães Rita de Cássia da Costa , Vieira William , Pereira Emanoel Fabiano Menezes , Imafuku Roberto Seidi
Published: March 2021

Apresenta-se, neste artigo, uma análise da resolução de uma questão sobre números racionais, exposta por estudantes ingressantes no Ensino Médio. O objetivo foi identificar as principais dificuldades e erros apresentados pelos participantes sobre o conceito e operações de números racionais. Para isso, realizou-se uma análise de erros das resoluções apresentadas pelos participantes. A interação de aspectos algorítmicos, intuitivos e formais é o referencial teórico adotado nas análises. Verificou-se que os estudantes não possuem clareza sobre o conceito de número racional e apresentam, em decorrência, dificuldades no uso dos procedimentos algorítmicos necessários para a resolução da questão proposta.
Palavras-chave: Números racionais. Análise de erros. Dificuldades. Interpretação.
 
Difficulties of high school entrants in understanding rational numbers
Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the resolution of a question about rational numbers, posed by students entering high school. The goal was to identify the main difficulties and errors presented by the participants about the concept and operations of rational numbers. To do so, an error analysis of the resolutions presented by the participants was performed. The interaction of algorithmic, intuitive and formal aspects is the theoretical framework adopted in the analysis. It was found that students do not have clarity about the concept of rational numbers and present, as a result, difficulties in the use of algorithmic procedures necessary to solve the proposed question.
Keywords: Rational numbers. Error analysis. Difficulties. Interpretation.
THE EVER-CONTEMPORARY CHARACTER OF COLOURS AND INTERIOR DECORATION
Authors: Vyas Bhawna
Published: March 2021

Colours are, perhaps, as old as the universe is; might be older than that. But, for sure, colours are older than arts and are related to every aspect of human life. A colour gets its identity from the rays it generates. In other words, colours are composed of radiations. Thus, when it is about colours, it is more about science than it is about arts. And science cannot be regional or time-bound; it is always universally and timelessly applicable. This character of colours inspired me to write ‘The Ever-Contemporary Character of Colours and Interior Decoration’ and helped me in taking examples from different periods of history, thus making the research paper interesting.In interior decoration, undoubtedly, line and proportion are the most important elements but it falls to the lot of few to be able to dictate what they desire in these spheres. Most of the people are content to limit their interior decoration activities to colour only, as this can be cheaply applied to the walls and choice of small accessories etc. Moreover, changing the colour also changes the look and ambience of an interior instantly and intensely. It also helps in expressing one’s personality in their interior and these can be easily done with colour. Colour, therefore, plays the major part in decorative schemes.
COLOUR THEREPY-BOON TO MANKIND
Authors: Mathew Sajan Kurien
Published: March 2021

Colour Therapy is a complementary therapy for which there is evidence dating back thousands of years to the ancient cultures of Egypt, China and India. Colour is simply light of varying wavelengths, thus each colour has its own particular wavelength and energy. "Colour affects our life. Colour is physical..........we see it. Colour communicates............we recieve information from the language of colour. Colour is emotional..........it evokes our feeling."
Halk Elinde Yetiştirilen Hırik (Hamdani x Akkaraman Melezi) Koyunlarının Döl, Süt ve Yapağı Verimi Özellikleri
Authors: DEMİR Engin , AYGÜN Turgut
Published: March 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Hırik (Hamdani x Akkaraman melezi) koyunlarının temel verim özelliklerinden döl, süt ve yapağı verimi özellikleri incelenmiştir. Materyal ve Yöntem: Hayvan materyalini, Bitlis ili Tatvan ilçesine bağlı Yoncabaşı köyünde yetiştirilen 150 baş Hırik (Hamdani x Akkaraman melezi) koyunu ve bunlardan elde edilen kuzular oluşturmuştur. Doğan kuzular 24 saat içerisinde 100 g duyarlılıktaki dijital tartı aleti ile tartılarak doğum ağırlığı ve ananın doğum sonu ağırlığı alınmıştır. Laktasyon süt verimi ve süresi Trapez II Yöntemi ile hesaplanmıştır. Her koyuna ait kirli yapağı gömleği ve canlı ağırlığı 100 g’a duyarlı elektronik dijital baskül ile tartılarak koyunların kirli yapağı ağırlığı ve kırkım sonu canlı ağırlığı belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra, analize yetecek miktarda ve örnek alma tekniğine uygun bir şekilde sürüden şansa bağlı seçilen 45 baş koyunun sağ omuz ve son kaburga bölgesinden yapağı numuneleri alınmış ve yapağı randımanı belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Hırik koyunlarında belirlenen döl verim özelliklerinden; gebelik oranı % 96.67, kısırlık oranı % 3.33, yavru atma oranı % 2, kuzulama oranı % 94.67 ve ikizlik oranı % 11.97 olarak bulunmuştur. Koçaltı koyun başına doğan kuzu sayısı (KAKBDKS) 1.06, doğuran koyun başına kuzu sayısı (DKBDKS) 1.12 ve150. gündeki yaşama gücü % 100 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Kuzularda ortalama doğum ağırlığı 3.05±0.03 kg, koyunların doğumdaki ortalama canlı ağırlığı 56.93±0.62 kg ve gebelik etkenliğine ilişkin ortalama ise 6.34±0.02 kg olarak saptanmıştır. Hırik koyunlarında ortalama laktasyon süt verimi 174.50±0.58 l ve laktasyon süresi 221.77±1.57 gün olarak tespit edilmiştir. Kirli yapağı verimine ilişkin genel ortalama 2.51±0.04 kg olarak bulunmuştur. Kırkım sonu canlı ağırlığının genel ortalaması 64.97±0.27 kg olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapağı randımanına ilişkin genel ortalama % 71.44±1.08 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Hırik koyunlarında yapılacak ıslah çalışmaları ile döl verimi, laktasyon süt verimi, laktasyon süresi, kirli yapağı verimi ve yapağı randımanının çok daha ileri seviyelere çıkarılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Optimasi Sintesis Asam Lemak Etanolamida Berbasis Minyak Ketapang Menggunakan Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Indriani Lilik , Gunawan Erin Ryantin , Suhendra Dedy
Published: March 2021

Telah dilakukan optimasi sintesis asam lemak etanolamida berbasis minyak ketapang (Terminalia catappa L) menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Asam lemak etanolamida adalah surfaktan yang banyak dibutuhkan pada industri farmasi. Sintesis asam lemak etanolamida dilakukan dengan mereaksikan minyak ketapang dan etanolamina sebagai substrat menggunakan katalis Lipozyme TL.IM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati interaksi antar variabel yang dapat mempengaruhi kondisi optimum dan hasil reaksi. Beberapa variabel yang dimaksud yaitu waktu reaksi, suhu reaksi, molar rasio substrat dan jumlah enzim. Metode RSM yang digunakan terdapat dalam perangkat lunak Design Expert v.7. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model untuk mendapatkan kondisi yang optimal adalah model quadratic (p-value 0.0048/signifikan), lack of fit (p-value 0.3827 /non signifikan) dan nilai R-squared sebesar 0,7953. Kondisi optimum yang dihasilkan yaitu waktu reaksi 1,50 jam, suhu reaksi 38,10 ÃÂ°C, molar ratio minyak : etanolamina (1 : 20,52) gram/mol dan jumlah enzim 0.16 gram dengan prediksi dan aktual persen hasil asam lemak etanolamida secara berturut-turut sebesar 60,02 dan 64,00 %.
Assessment of physical fitness among non-athlete adolescents: Effect of familiarization sessions
Authors: COLEDAM DIOGO HENRIQUE CONSTANTINO , DE OLIVEIRA RODRIGO DIAS CARIA
Published: March 2021

Background: ‪The validity and reliability of fitness tests are described in the literature; however, the effects of familiarization sessions on motor performance have not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of four familiarization sessions on physical fitness performance among adolescents. Material and methods: ‪Twenty adolescents performed sprint, agility, flexibility, explosive strength, muscular endurance, and balance tests on four separate days with an interval of 72h. Results: ‪Considering the first and the fourth sessions, there were significant differences in mean values for push-up, curl-up, and Flamingo tests (p<0.05). Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) varied from 0.65 to 0.97, except for the Flamingo test (0.22). The magnitude based inference revealed a likely beneficial effect of familiarization on agility (87.8%), push-ups (91.2%), curl-ups (94.4%), and a very likely effect on the Flamingo test (97.0%). When comparing the second and the third sessions with the first one, values of ICC were similar or higher, while a likely beneficial effect of familiarization was found in the second session for the Flamingo test (78.8%), and in the third session for curl-ups (91.3%), push-ups (77.1%), and the Flamingo test (94.8%)
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Fisika Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 5 Samarinda
Authors: Rante Datu Herlin , Qadar Riskan , M. Junus
Published: March 2021

Project based Learning (PjBL) adalah model pembelajaran yang melibatkan siswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran baik dalam merancang ataupun membuat proyek yang berguna untuk memecahkan permasalahan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa setelah diterapkan model PjBL. Jenis  penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan motode One Grup-Pretest-posttest. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan sampel yang digunakan adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 6 SMA Negeri 5 Samarinda sebanyak 36 siswa.Teknik pengumpulan data hasil belajar siswa menggunakan teknis tes dengan soal berbentuk essay berjumlah 10 soal. Data hasil belajar siswa sebelum diterapkan model PjBL nilai rata-rata siswa sebesar 20,67 dan setelah diterapkan model PjBL mendapat nilai rata-rata 69,47, dengan demikian terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar yang dilihat dari perolehan nilai N-Gain sebesar 0,51 yang termasuk dalam kategori sedang.
Minat Belajar Peserta Didik SMP Pada Pembelajaran STEM dengan Media Robot Edukasi
Authors: Latip Abdul
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan minat belajar peserta didik SMP pada pembelajaran STEM dengan media robot edukasi (STEM-Robotik). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak 47 peserta didik SMP swasta di Kota Bandung yang mendapatkan pembelajaran STEM-Robotik selama satu semester. Instrumen yang digunakan merupakan kuisioner yang menggali 3 aspek minat belajar peserta didik dalam pembelajaran STEM-Robotik yaitu perhatian peserta didik, keterlibatan peserta didik, dan manfaat pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, 1) Sebanyak 61,8% peserta didik memberikan perhatian yang baik dalam pembelajaran STEM-Robotik. 2) Sebanyak 73,4% peserta didik menunjukkan keterlibatan yang baik dalam pembelajaran STEM-Robotik, dan 3) Sebanyak 71,64% peserta didik mendapatkan manfaat yang baik dalam pembelajaran STEM-Robotik. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa secara umum peserta didik menunjukkan minat belajar yang baik dalam pembelajaran STEM-Robotik.
Pengaruh Motivasi, Lingkungan Belajar, Dan Sikap Siswa Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 22 Samarinda
Authors: Ningsih Sri , Haryaka Usfandi , Watulingas J. R.
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ex post facto ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi, lingkungan belajar, dan sikap siswa terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 22 Samarinda tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Teknik pengambilan sample adalah simple random sampling. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 22 samarinda yang terdiri dari 9 kelas dengan jumlah 326 siswa, dengan sampel penelitian terdiri dari 5 kelas dengan jumlah 183 siswa.  Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis jalur (Path Analysi) dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil analisis inferensial dengan menggunakan analisis jalur untuk sub-struktur 1 dipeoleh persamaan  dengan probabilitas sebesar 0,000, maka sub-struktur 1 signifikan sehingga terdapat pengaruh lingkungan belajar siswa terhadap motivasi siswa dengan kontribusi sebesar 11,42%. Untuk analisis sub-struktur 2 diperoleh persamaan  dengan p = 0,000, maka sub-struktur 2 signifikan sehingga terdapat pengaruh motivasi dan lingkungan belajar siswa terhadap sikap siswa dengan kontribusi motivasi sebesar 11,02% dan lingkungan belajar sebesar 5,90%. Untuk analisis sub-struktur 3 diperoleh persamaan  dengan p = 0,000, maka substruktur 3 signifikan sehingga terdapat pengaruh motivasi, lingkungan belajar, dan sikap siswa terhadap hasil belajar matematika dengan kontribusi motivasi siswa sebesar 3,61%, lingkungan belajar sebesar 13,54%, dan sikap siswa sebear 2,16%. Dengan demikian terdapat pengaruh motivasi, lingkungan belajar, dan sikap siswa terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 22 Samarinda tahun ajaran 2018/2019.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe NHT Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Dan Hasil Belajar Matematika
Authors: Arpiah Arpiah
Published: March 2021

Pembelajaran kooperatif struktur tipe NHT menekankan pada struktur-struktur khusus yang dirancang untuk mempengaruhi pola interaksi siswa, dimana siswa ditempatkan dalam kelompok besar yang heterogen. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan minat dan hasil belajar siswa kelas XII IPA 1 pada materi Statistika, dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT di MAN Balikpapan tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif data observasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan minat dan hasil belajar siswa pada setiap siklusnya. Pada tahap Prasiklus nilai rata-rata siswa sebesar 69,05 dengan ketuntasan belajar yang dicapai oleh 10 siswa atau hanya 27%. Pada siklus I setelah diadakan tindakan minat belajar siswa mendapat score 44 atau 75% yang masuk dalam kategori baik, nilai rata-rata siswa meningkat menjadi 74,13 dan siswa yang sudah mencapai KKM ada 22 siswa dengan persentase 59%. Pada siklus II minat belajar siswa meningkat menjadi score 55 atau 85% yang masuk dalam kategori sangat baik, hasil belajar siswa juga meningkat dengan rata-rata 78.72 dan siswa yang sudah mencapai KKM ada 30 siswa dengan persentase 81%.
Single-stage support of friction surface wear intensity at edge processing
Authors: Siyanov Sergey
Published: March 2021

On the basis of the investigations carried out there are offered theoretical dependences for the determination of wear intensity with regard to cutting modes with edge tools. They allow defining optimum cutting modes to ensure the required intensity of friction surface wear at edge processing.
The effect of healthcare education on students’ moral competence in Poland. Entering the dog-eats-dog world with a beneficial delay?
Authors: Nowak Ewa , Barciszewska Anna-Maria , Lind Georg , Taradi Suncana Kukolja
Published: March 2021

In competitive education test scores and scientometric indicators are 'the alpha and omega'. This can be mis-educative for healthcare students’ moral competence. A pilot research study with n=114 Polish healthcare students was conducted to examine how their moral competence development was affected by learning environment with the focus on competition. Data were obtained with the standard Moral Competence Test. Results. The sample allowed the identification of a regress in moral competence during students’ pre-clinical curriculum, and then progress during their clinical curriculum. Also, a reverse gender gap effect concerning participants’ C-scores (C for moral competence) was observed, but no significant segmentation effect was noticed. Explanations. Scholarly literature usually suggests a decrease or stagnation of medical and healthcare students’ C-scores (particularly during their clinical curriculum) resulting from, e.g., competitive trends in higher education. Polish tertiary education only tries hard to increase its competitiveness and position in national and international rankings. This delay effect seems beneficial for the development of students’ moral competence against trends in moral competence education during medical education documented between 1983 and 2021, and additionally discussed in the following article.
The Impact of OJK Regulation No. 48/POJK.03/2020 on the Quality of Credit and Risk Management of Banking Credit
Authors: Wahyudi Christanto Arief , Arbay Evi Aryati
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic, which is spreading rapidly throughout the world, has seriously harmed many countries, including Indonesia. Many things have been detrimental due to COVID-19, one of which is the economic aspect. This pandemic made it difficult for many debtors to fulfil their credit obligations that led the government to issue a countercyclical policy to provide a stimulus to the national economy. This study aims to determine the impact of OJK Regulation No.48 of 2020 on credit quality and control of banking credit risk in Indonesia. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a literature approach using secondary data. This OJK regulation regulates economic stimulus through credit restructuring and regulates the implementation of credit risk management in banks. The existence of this regulation can maintain the stability of banking performance by keeping the Non-Performing Loan (NPL) number below 5% and providing a reference for banks in risk management with a model that is relevant to economic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
An Empirical Analysis of Key Antecedents of Workforce Diversity on Job Performance in Nigeria
Authors: Jekelle Helen Elena
Published: March 2021

The study examined the effect of workforce diversity on job performance. The employees’ diversity were conceptualised in terms of gender diversity, age diversity, and educational background diversity. The study was underpinned by the social identity theory as it examined such characteristics as gender, age and education. The social identity theory infers that employees have a tendency of classifying themselves based on groups in which they fit in. The study area was public sector in Abuja, Nigeria. The study adopted the quantitative research design whereby questionnaires were administered to the participants. A sample size of 208 participants were drawn from a population of 452 employees of the government agency in Abuja using Raosoft sampling size calculator. However, only 137 valid questionnaires were retrieved from the participants. Therefore, the data analysis was based on the valid retrieved questionnaires. Data analysis and hypotheses test was done using multiple regression analysis. The results showed a significant relationship between the dimensions of the explanatory variables (gender diversity, age diversity and educational background diversity) and the outcome variable (employee performance). The study also revealed that the combination of gender, age and education were the core elements that explained employee performance by 62.9 percent. In terms of individual contribution, the results indicate that educational background diversity contributed most to the variation of employee job performance while both age and gender also contributed significantly. The study therefore recommended that leadership of organisations need to focus more on diversity management in order to integrate the diverse characteristics of the workforce within the organisation.
Gender, sexual orientation and body dissatisfaction: a meta-analysis covering four decades of research
Authors: Malillos Monica Huerga , Theofanous Elena , Laws Keith R. , Jenkinson Paul
Published: March 2021

Background: Four decades of research has assessed how gender and/or sexual orientation contribute to levels of body dissatisfaction (BD). The findings have proven somewhat equivocal and little attention has been paid to potential moderators. Method: The current meta-analysis compared BD in gay and heterosexual men (38 overall effects), and lesbian and heterosexual women (25 overall effects). Additional pairwise comparisons explored differences between heterosexual men and heterosexual women, gay men and lesbians, gay men and heterosexual women, and heterosexual men and lesbian women. Results: Random effects model meta-analyses revealed greater levels of BD in gay men compared to heterosexual men (g = -0.36, 95% CI -0.43, -0.29). By contrast, BD was greater in heterosexual women than lesbians (g = 0.09 95% CI 0.03, 0.15). Year of publication and mean difference in age between gay and heterosexual samples moderated the relationship between BD and sexual orientation, but only for men. Pairwise comparisons indicated that BD is highest in heterosexual women and lowest in heterosexual men.Conclusions: Findings indicate that both gender and sexual orientation influence BD. We identified a number of limitations in the existing research base, and make recommendations for future research.
Robust Action Dynamics in Political Discourse
Authors: Vedres Balazs
Published: March 2021

How do politicians gain an upper hand in political discourse? Recent literature on framings in political discourse have re-directed attention from static models of issue ownership to more interactive models of strategic framing contests. This article proposes a robust action approach, and tests hypotheses about the dual repertoires of local action: First, we test for the presence of exploratory local action, when discourse positions are altered in response to positions by others, and second, we show evidence for the presence of role claim behavior, when a dominant discourse position is taken that silences others. Using the case of economic policy discourse in Hungary in 1997, we show how the “GDP growth” discourse position silenced opposition positions on the right, mostly built from stigmatizing frames. Discourse positions beyond the one built around growth did not silence alternative framings, but elicited discourse shifts. We coded 8632 utterances over 100 days of discourse into a two-mode network of speech acts and statements and used a two-mode blockmodeling approach to identify positions and frames. We used a pooled time series approach to test hypotheses of local action dynamics. We found evidence for both exploratory local action and role claim, while controlling for observed and unobserved heterogeneity at the actor level.
О пользе феноменологии в эмигрантологических исследова-ниях
Authors: Suchanek Lucjan
Published: March 2021

татья посвящена специфике эмигрантологических исследований и той роли, которую в них играет феноменология. Автор обращает внимание на то, что эмиграция и ее богатое наследие дают возможность проводить многогранные иссле-дования. Хорошие результаты, помимо антропологических (человеческая философия) и персоналистических исследований, могут быть достигнуты феноменологическими исследованиями, в том числе с точки зрения феноменологии близости. Это новое направление феноменологического исследования представлено работами польского философа Адама Хэрнаса Od zawsze jesteś przy mnie и российским представителем феноменологической психиатрии Елены Калитеевской Феноменология близости.
Los człowieka na płótnie wyhaftowany – ręcznik obrzędowy jako symbol kultury materialnej Białorusinów z Podlasia
Authors: Siegień-Matyjewicz Alicja Joanna
Published: March 2021

W niniejszym artykule ukazano istotę ręcznika obrzędowego, czyli jego zdobnictwo, rodzaje, zastosowanie, symbolikę, motywy tworzenia, a także miejsce, jakie zajmuje w życiu Białorusinów zamieszkujących region wschodniej Polski. Ręcznik towa-rzyszy Białorusinom od narodzin, przy zaręczynach, ślubie, na weselu, aż do śmierci. Na Podlasiu występują dwa rodzaje ręczników białoruskich: codzienny i obrzędowy. Pełnią one funkcje praktyczne, estetyczne, kultowe, symboliczne, oczyszczające, ochronne oraz magiczne. Treści zawarte w artykule uzyskano dzięki: analizie literatury bezpośrednio związanej z przedmiotem badań, analizie formalnej dokumentów i wytworów zastanych jednostki, obserwacji oraz wywiadom swobodnym. Poprzez zastosowanie tych technik badawczych odczytano symbolikę białoruskiego ręcznika obrzędowego oraz ustalono jego miejsce i sposób wykorzystania przez Białorusinów w określonych rytuałach i zwyczajach.