bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Beberapa Sifat Fisik Tanah Sebagai Indikator Kerusakan Tanah Pada Lahan Kering
Authors: Nurhartanto Nurhartanto , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain , Wicaksono Abror Aji
Published: February 2022

Sifat fisik tanah adalah sifat-sifat tanah yang berhubungan dengan kesuburan tanah dan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman, sehingga sifat fisik tanah dapat dijadikan sebagai indikator terjadinya degradasi tanah pada lahan kering. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sifat fisik tanah sebagai indikator degradasi tanah pada lahan kering. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei tanah dengan metode fisiografi terpilih pada beberapa penggunaan lahan kering di Pulau Nunukan. Sampel tanah tidak terganggu diambil untuk menganalisis bulk density, porositas dan permeabilitas, sedangkan sampel tanah terganggu diambil untuk menganalisis tekstur tanah. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif, yaitu dengan membandingkan kriteria ambang batas kritis degradasi tanah untuk produksi biomassa menurut Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 150 Tahun 2000. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa degradasi tanah terjadi pada penggunaan lahan kering di Pulau Nunukan. Dari tiga belas lokasi yang diteliti, kerusakan tekstur tanah ditemukan di empat lokasi karena memiliki persentase liat kurang dari 18%. Tanah yang mengalami kerusakan bulk density memiliki nilai lebih dari 1,4 g.cm-3 di sembilan lokasi. Tanah yang mengalami kerusakan porositas memiliki porositas kurang dari 30% di 4 lokasi. Tanah yang mengalami kerusakan permeabilitas memiliki nilai kurang dari 0,7 cm.jam-1 atau lebih dari 8 cm.jam-1 di tiga lokasi. Ada dua lokasi yang tanahnya tidak terdegradasi, lima lokasi rusak satu sampai dua sifat fisik tanah dan satu lokasi rusak empat sifat fisik tanah.
Pengaruh Pemberian Bokashi Kotoran Burung Walet Terhadap pH, N, P, K Tersedia dan Pertumbuhan Serta Hasil Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)
Authors: Rahmawati Fitriana , Patmawati Patmawati , Palupi Nurul Puspita
Published: February 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dosis terbaik bokashi kotoran walet terhadap pH, N, P, K tersedia dan pertumbuhan serta hasil tanaman pakcoy. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama tiga bulan terhitung sejak Oktober hingga Desember 2020. Lokasi penelitian terletak di Jalan KS Tubun Samarinda Ulu, Kalimantan Timur. Menggunakan polybag ukuran isi tanah 10 kg polybag-1 di tempatkan dalam rumah plastik. Menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P0 (tanpa pemberian bokashi kotoran burung walet), P1 (50 gram bokashi kotoran walet polybag -1), P2 (100 gram bokashi kotoran burung walet polybag -1), P3 (150 gram bokashi kotoran burung walet polybag -1), P4 (200 gram bokashi kotoran burung walet polybag -1), P5 (250 gram bokashi kotoran burung walet polybag -1). Data tanah yang diamati adalah pH, N, P, K tersedia. Pengamatan tanaman dilakukan pada umur 14 dan 28 hari setelah tanam (HST) untuk tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun, berat segar diamati pada umur 28 HST (saat panen). Data tanaman yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan sidik ragam dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian bokashi kotoran burung walet dengan dosis 250 gram polybag -1 (Perlakuan P5) adalah dosis terbaik untuk meningkatkan pH, N, P, K tersedia, perlakuan P3 dapat meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun masing-masing pada 14 dan 28 hari setelah tanam dengan tinggi rata-rata 57 cm dan 26,20 cm, jumlah daun 6,75 dan 8 helai, berpengaruh nyata terhadap rata-rata berat segar tanaman yaitu 32,26 gram polybag -1 (berat tanah 10 kg polybag -1).
Ethnic Domination in Deeply Divided Places
Authors: Panzano Guido
Published: February 2022

This volume examines the concept of ethnic domination and its manifestations in Israel (within the Green Line) and Estonia. Ethnic domination is a method of managing ethnic differences in multiethnic contexts through asymmetrical power relations, in accordance with an ethnonationalist ideology, whereby a group is subordinated to another holding the power, albeit not intent to directly eliminate the subaltern. The volume compares the predicament of Israeli Palestinian citizens and Estonian Russian-speakers in different dimensions (state-citizenship, government-parliament, parties). Also, the analysis explains the divergent trajectories of the cases: the tightening of the condition of Israeli Palestinian citizens and the democratization of ethnic politics in Estonia.
The Effect of World Gold Price, World Oil Price, USD/IDR Exchange Rate, and Inflation on the Joint Stock Price Index (JCI) On the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)
Authors: Hidayat Rahmat , Sudjono Sudjono
Published: February 2022

This study's purpose is to analyze the impact of world oil prices, world gold prices, inflation, and USD/IDR exchange rates on the Composite Stock Price Index (IHSG) on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Secondary data was obtained from the London Financial Market Association (LBMA), Bank Indonesia, and investing.com. The variables used in this study are world oil prices, world gold prices, USD/IDR exchange rates, and inflation as independent variables—also, the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) as the dependent variable. This study was conducted using secondary data per month in 2015-2019, non-participant observation with a saturated sampling method of 60 months. The analysis used in this research is Least Square and Autoregressive Moving Average (LS&ARMA) regression analysis. Simultaneous research results show that world oil prices, gold prices, USD/IDR exchange rates, and inflation significantly affect the Composite Stock Price Index (JCI). The study results partially show that world gold prices and inflation have an important adverse effect on the JCI, while world oil prices significantly positively impact the JCI. It is different from the USD/IDR exchange rate, which does not influence the JCI. The practical conclusion of this research is to afford information to investors that world gold prices, world oil prices, and inflation should be considered in making investment decisions in the capital market.
LKPD Interaktif dalam Pembelajaran Berbasis Projek dalam Bentuk Hybrid Learning
Authors: Halilah Haura Fauziyyah , Tari Febrina Aspyan , Rusdiana Dadi
Published: February 2022

Latar Belakang: Pembelajaran fisika pada hakikatnya mengusulkan tiga hal, yaitu sikap, produk, dan proses. Sikap mengacu pada pemikiran tentang tindakan dan tindakan orang sehingga pada akhirnya mereka dapat melakukan kegiatan ilmiah. Produk adalah kumpulan pengetahuan, fakta, konsep, prinsip, hukum, dan teori tentang fenomena alam. Proses adalah langkah-langkah yang harus dilakukan untuk memperoleh pengetahuan atau mencari penjelasan atas fenomena alam.
Tujuan: Mengembangkan LKPD interaktif yang dapat mendukung pembelajaran bebasis projek dalam kelas Hybrid Learning.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode R&D 4D yang dimodifikasi hanya dalam 3D (Define, Design, Develop). Setelah mendapatkan respon akademik dari ahli dan direvisi, LKPD diimplementasikan pada pembelajaran dengan 21 orang peserta didik.
Hasil: Ketuntasan peserta didik dalam melakukan projek (81% peserta didik mendapatkan nilai di atas kriteria ketuntasan minimal) serta kepuasan peserta didik dalam menggunakan LKPD interaktif yang dianggap dapat meningkatkan motivasi peserta didik.
Kesimpulan: Produk LKPD interaktif yang dikembangkan untuk melakukan pembelajaran berbasis projek dengan metode Hybrid learning.
الرثاء في شعر الخنساء بين الجاهلية والإسلام
Authors: رحماني أ.م.د. عبدالرزاق حسن
Published: February 2022

الخنساء إحدى الشاعرات العرب التي أدركت الجاهلية والإسلام ويشتمل مضامين أشعارها الفخروالرثاء ويغلب الرثاء على الفخر لما حدث لها في حياتها من موت أخويها فيدور أكثر أشعارها حول رثاء أخويها في الجاهلية والإسلام؛ فلذا تريد هذه المقالة أن تدرس الرثاء في نظرة الجاهليين والإسلاميين من خلال أشعار الخنساء والوصول إلى الاختلاف ما بين أفكارها في هذين العصرين وتأثير الإسلام عليها وعلى أفكارها.
ANALISIS STRATEGI BAURAN PEMASARAN 7P DALAM MENYIKAPI ERA NEW NORMAL DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19 PADA BALE BRANTI TEA ART & CULTURE di KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR (Studi Kasus Pada Bale Branti Tea Art & Culture di Kabupaten Karanganyar)
Authors: Sikyatma Maria Mutya Pradipta , Handoko Trio , Sulistiyono M. Nurhadi
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi bauran pemasaran 7P, kendala dan solusi dalam menyikapi era new normal di tengah pandemi Covid-19 pada Bale Branti Tea Art & Culture di Kabupaten Karanganyar.

Desain penelitian ini mengacu pada studi kasus. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan analisis pembahasan secara deskriptif dengan cara kualitatif yaitu dengan cara mengumpulkan, mengolah, dan menganalisis data dan kemudian menyajikannya dengan bentuk yang baik dan menjelaskan dengan keadaan yang sebenarnya.

Pandemi Covid-19 yang ditetapkan sebagai bencana nasional dan ditetapkan sebagai Kejadian Luar Biasa di Kabupaten Karanganyar sejak tanggal 16 Maret 2020 yang tercantum di Keputusan Bupati Karanganyar no 537 tahun 2020 tentang Penetapan Status Siaga Darurat Percepatan Penanganan Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) Kabupaten Karanganyar. Hampir semua segi kehidupan terdampak pandemi Covid-19 ini, salah satunya yaitu dunia pariwisata. Bale Branti Tea Art & Culture juga cukup terdampak bahkan sempat tutup beberapa waktu mengingat adanya edaran dari Pemerintah setempat dan juga untuk mengantisipasi adanya klaster baru. Untuk itu, Bale Branti Tea Art & Culture perlu melakukan beberapa strategi untuk kembali membuat konsumen merasa aman ketika berwisata kuliner di tengah pandemi Covid-19.

Dengan adanya dampak pandemi Covid-19 yang cukup berpengaruh, Bale Branti Tea Art & Culture melakukan beberapa perubahan kebijakan terkait strategi bauran pemasaran 7P. Dalam menerapkan perubahan tentunya Bale Branti Tea Art & Culture mengalami berbagai kendala. Tetapi untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut, Bale Branti Tea Art & Culture selalu berusaha mencari solusi yang sesuai dengan situasi dan kondisi sekarang ini.

Kata Kunci: Bauran Pemasaran 7P, Pandemi Covid-19
Effects of Additional Radial Shockwave Therapy to Median Nerve Gliding Exercises on Hand Grip Strength in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Patients
Authors: Cornelia Arina Pradipta  , Rudy Handoyo  , Hari Peni Julianti  , Hindun Zuhdiana  , Noviolita Dwi Kusumawati
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common entrapment neuropathiesfound in the upper extremities. Patients with moderate and severe CTS usually experience disturbancesin motor strength. A non-invasive therapeutic method that has recently emerged in the treatment of CTSis Radial Shock Wave Therapy (RSWT). RSWT is a therapy using shock waves and can be added to otherforms of exercise. The addition of RSWT in CTS is expected to increase the grip strength. Research thatdirectly assesses the effect of adding RSWT and median nerve gliding exercises on hand grip strength inCTS patients has not been conducted.Methods: This study was a pre-test/post-test control group design. There were 22 moderate grade CTSsubjects divided into 2 groups, the control group was received median nerve gliding exercise (n=11) andthe treatment group was received additional RSWT on median nerve gliding exercise (n=11). Assessmentof grip strength by Jamar hand dynamometer was performed before and after 4 weeks of treatment. Themean differences before and after treatment, as well as between groups was compared statistically usingan unpaired t-test.Results: There was no significant difference in the handgrip strength of the control group (p = 0.094),and a significant difference in the treatment group (p = 0.009) before and after the intervention. However,there were no significant differences in grip strength between the two groups (p=0.065).Conclusion: There was no significant effect of adding RSWT on improving handgrip strength in CTSpatients who received a median nerve gliding exercise.Keywords: carpal tunnel syndrome, entrapment neuropathies, grip strength, nerve gliding exercise,radial shockwave therapy
Cognitive Psychology of Islamic Perspective
Authors: Chaer Moh. Toriqul , Wahidah Evita Yuliatul , Salim Agus , Rozi Achmad
Published: February 2022

Cognitive psychology is a psychological process that involves human knowledge. Islam has a unique view of humans from the cognitive realm, which contains God's instructions about the creation of humans. The study of human nature expressed or implied and offers problem-solving for the problems of human life. This research is a qualitative study. Data was collected through the literature review of Cognitive Psychology from an Islamic perspective. The research was conduct by collecting document studies from different research results, observations and interviews. Cognitive psychology in Islam does not only focus on the brain because the thought process also includes feelings, passions, and conscience. The study of cognitive psychology from an Islamic perspective presents the method of Islamization of knowledge and an effort to explore aspects of cognitive psychology in Islam. The Islamic perspective of cognitive psychology provides an alternative to the criticism of modern psychology, which breaks away from religious values.
Epistemology and Strategy of Multicultural Islamic Education
Authors: Zarkasyi Ahmad
Published: February 2022

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji epistemologi dan strategi pendidikan Islam multikultural. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi kasus kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman, meliputi reduksi data, penyajian, dan verifikasi. Kami memeriksa keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tujuan dilaksanakannya upaya pendidikan agama berwawasan multikultural adalah untuk menciptakan pemahaman beragama yang humanis, inklusif, dan penuh toleransi serta saling menghormati antar pemeluk agama lain. Dengan demikian, dari upaya tersebut, kerukunan dan kedamaian akan terwujud dalam kehidupan masyarakat dengan cita-cita dan tujuan esensial dari ajaran universal agama.
Analisis Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Siswa Kelas Iv Sekolah Dasar Dalam Pemecahan Soal-Soal Geometri
Authors: Azahara Dara
Published: February 2022

Tujuan Penelitian: sebagai pemahaman konsep perlu ditanamkan sejak dini kepada siswa agar mereka mengerti tentang defenisi

Metodologi: Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa uraian penjelasan atau deskripsi dari data hasil observasi siswa dan hasil wawancara dengan siswa. Teknik sampling dalam penelitian ini yaitu Purposive Sampling. Subjek dalam penilitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV  yang berjumlah 26 siswa, terdiri dari 11 laki-laki dan 15 perempuan. Sedangkan objek penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui kemampuan pemahaman konsep siswa kelas IV A dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal geometri pada Kompetensi Dasar. Teknik analisis data ini menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman.

Temuan Utama: Siswa yang memiliki kemampuan pemahamn konsep rendah cenderung malas mempelajari matematika, kurang antusias dalam pembelajaran sehingga mereka menganggap bahwa pembelajaran matematika (geometri) adalah pelajaran yang sulit karena ada rumus dan hitung-hitungannya. Siswa B4 mewakili kategori kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika sedang dapat menguasai lima indikator kemampuan pemahaman konsep, namun dengan sedikit kekurangan dan kesalahan dalam mengaplikasikannya. Siswa C1 dan C7 mewakili kategori kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika rendah dapat menguasai tiga indikator kemampuan pemahaman konsep.
Analisis Penerapan Full Day School dalam Membentuk Karakter Religius Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Rezki Wella
Published: February 2022

Tujuan Penelitian: Usia sekolah dasar merupakan pondasi peserta didik dalam mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir melalui kemampuan metakognisi yang baik. Metakognisi merupakan kesadaran seseorang dalam berpikir mengenai pemikiran itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan dari full day school. Dalam penelitian ini berdasarkan pengelompokkannya adalah menggunakan sumber primer. Data primer dalam penelitian ini berupa data hasil observasi dan data hasil wawancara

Metodologi: Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Peneliti memilih sampel sumber data yang bersifat Snowball Sampling. Peneliti menggunakan analisis data model Miles and Huberman sebagai acuan untuk menganalisis semua data yang diperoleh oleh peneliti. Dengan adanya penerapan full day school yang diterapkan di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 47/ Kota Jambi sekolah dapat memantau kegiatan keagamaan siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian fenomenologi

Temuan Utama: Full day school merupakan metode bagus untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dan membentuk karakter siswa. Dengan waktu delapan jam perhari di sekolah, siswa akan mendapatkan kesempatan untuk mengembangkan bakat dan kemampuannya dibidang pendidikan dengan bantuan guru dan tenaga pendidik lainnya.
Revitalisasi Perpustakaan Sekolah Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Baca Siswa
Authors: Siti Munawarah
Published: February 2022

Tujuan Penelitian: Berdasarkan hasil observasi di SDN 122/IX Petaling,  dilihat dari segi ruangan perpustakaan yang besar dan didukung dengan sarana dan prasarana yang cukup memadai, perpustakaan sudah terlihat bagus, namun disini dari siswa yang berjumlah kurang lebih 1.200 terlihat sedikit yang berkunjung keperpustakaan, dikarenakan pada saat observasi tersebut ruangan perpustakaan terlihat berantakan, berantakan disini artinya buku-buku yang tidak terpakai lagi masih bertumpuk disudut-sudut ruangan perpustakaan maupun ditempat siswa membaca, sehingga tataan ruangan dan kebersihan perpustakaan menjadi tidak teratur dan berpengaruh kepada minat baca siswa, kemudian peneliti melihat staf perpustakaan bersama rekan-rekan melakukan revitalisasi perpustakaan agar minat baca siswa kembali meningkat ke perpustakaan, disinilah perlu dilakukan penelitian dan menggali informasi lebih mendalam tentang revitalisasi perpustakaan untukmeningkatkan minat baca siswa agar dapat dicontoh bagi sekolah lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana revitalisasi perpustkaan sekolah dalam meningkatkan minat baca siswa.

Metodologi: Data penelitian ini diperoleh dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan instrumen observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Setelah data didapatkan maka akan di analisis menggunakan teknik analisis Miles and Huberman.

Temuan Utama: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa revitalisasi perpustakaan sekolah untuk meningkatkan minat baca siswa sudah meningkat dengan baik. Hal ini dibuktikan berdasarkan hasil observasi bahwa dengan adanya revitalisasi, perpustakaan sudah terlihat bagus, sarana dan prasarana sudah cukup memadai, kondisi dan kenyamanan ruangan sudah ditingkatkan. Didukung dengan hasil wawancara yang mana dengan adanya revitalisasi perpustakaan, pihak sekolah membuat kegiatan berkunjung secara rutin ke perpustakaan dengan bimbingan guru, setiap satu hari satu kelas yang telah ditentukan untuk berkunjung ke perpustakaan. Dengan kegiatan yang bernilai positif seperti itu maka siswa akan terbiasa untuk berkunjung ke perpustakaan dan minat baca siswa akan lebih meningkat.
Regional features of demographic behavior of the population of the Russian Far East
Authors: Sidorkina Zinaida
Published: February 2022

In this article, attention is drawn to the problems of demographic development in the Far East. The relevance of the study of the current state of demographic potential is beyond doubt. The low level and quality of life reduce the attractiveness of resettlement for migrants to the federal district for permanent residence. Different socio-economic and natural-geographical conditions create the need to supplement demographic programs, taking into account the peculiarities and conditions of life of the population in the Far East. The possibility of using the concept of "demo-graphic behavior"for the analysis of the current situation is considered. This concept includes: natural reproduction, migration, and social mobility of the population. It is proposed to use demographic behavior as the main trend in the formation of mass behavior, which affects the entire population, regardless of the qualitative composition. It is shown that demographic behavior makes it possible to distinguish common features of population interaction in a separate territory. As a positive example of a policy that forms mass behavior, the results of attracting the population to the region, which were used during the construction of BAM, when the relocation of entire labor collectives was practiced for construction, are given. The results of the author's research on the existing differentiation of demographic indicators are presented. In the conducted typology in reproductive and migration behavior, there are no previously noted natural differences. In the context of differentiation of demographic indicators, depending on the natural resource potential and the level of socio-economic development, possible approaches to solving the accumulated demographic problems are proposed. The directions of stabilization of the demographic potential of the Far East are specified, taking into account the peculiarities of the current structure of the population and the possibilities of overcoming negative trends.
Stock assessment of Azov-Black Sea anadromous pontic shad in terms of data lacking (2004-2020
Authors: Kozobrod Inna , Pyatinsky M. , Rybakov Igor
Published: February 2022

The population biomass, fishing mortality dynamics and reference points of the rational exploitation of the Black-Azov sea shad during the period 2004-2020 were evaluated using the JABBA surplus production model in “catch-only” version. IUU estimation and preliminary parametrization by CMSY model was performed to improve assessment accuracy. According to the model output, during the 2004-2020 period shad stock biomass was in interval 1315-1341 t, fishing mortality in range 0,03-0,38. During the implementation and review of model results there was 3 period of shad stock status identified: 2004-2009 – the period of moderate shad stock recovery (from 1315 tons to 3347 tons), 2010-2013 – the period of stable stock status (at the level of 3300-3400 tons), 2014-2020 – the period of moderate reduction of the fishing stock biomass (from 3353 tons to 1791 tons). The moderate reduction of the fishing stock biomass in period 2014-2020 is due to a moderate increase in the level of fishing mortality. Currently, since 2018, there was a moderate trend of increasing fishing mortality above the level of target exploitation, leads to moderate reduction in the stock biomass (in 2020 fells below the target exploitation first time). According to the authors, one of the main reason of human activity, that leads to shad stock biomass reduction is a IUU fisheries. Authors note that there are actions required to annihilate the illegal, unregistered and unreported fisheries of the Black-Azov sea shad.
NEW OPPORTUNITIES PATHOGENETIC THERAPY OF PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Martynuk T. V. , Nakonechnikov S. N. , Chazova I. E.
Published: February 2022

The review summarizes new data on medical treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Pulmonary arterial remodeling is known to be the main pathophysiological characteristic, involving cell proliferation, hypertrophy and migration, as well as apoptotic abnormalities and changes in extracellular matrix production and degradation. This makes promising the evaluation of drugs with not only vasodilatory, but also antiproliferative and anti-remodelling properties. There are two approaches to improvement of PAH therapy: 1) novel agents with higher efficacy or more convenience for use, acting on the above mentioned targets, and 2) agents aimed at new pathophysiological targets, discovered by the most recent research in PAH area. They have shown potential efficacy in experimental models as well as in early phase clinical trials and seem promising for further improvement of pathophysiologically oriented treatment of PAH.
Polarization-based Speckle Nulling Using a Spatial Light Modulator to Generate a Wide-field Dark Hole
Authors: Murakami Naoshi , Yoneta Kenta , Kawai Kenya , Kawahara Hajime , Kotani Takayuki , Tamura Motohide , Baba Naoshi
Published: February 2022

Direct detection of exoplanets requires a high-contrast instrument called a coronagraph to reject bright light from the central star. However, a coronagraph cannot perfectly reject the starlight if the incoming stellar wave front is distorted by aberrations due to the Earth’s atmospheric turbulence and/or the telescope instrumental optics. Wave-front aberrations cause residual stellar speckles that prevent detection of faint planetary light. In this paper, we report a laboratory demonstration of a speckle-nulling wave-front control using a spatial light modulator (SLM) to suppress the residual speckles of a common-path visible nulling coronagraph. Because of its large format, the SLM potentially has the ability to generate a dark hole over a large region or at a large angular distance from a star of up to hundreds of λ/D. We carry out a laboratory demonstration for three cases of dark hole generation: (1) in an inner region (3–8 λ/D in horizontal and 5–15 λ/D in vertical directions), (2) in an outer region (70–75 λ/D in horizontal and 65–75 λ/D in vertical directions), and (3) in a large region (5–75 λ/D in both directions). As a result, the residual speckles are rejected to contrast levels on the order of 10−8 in cases 1 and 2. In cases 2 and 3, we can generate dark holes at a large distance (up to >100 λ/D) and with a large size (70 λ/D square), both of which are out of the Nyquist limit of currently available deformable mirrors.
Bizarre egg structure uncovers a new family of Plecoptera (Insecta) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber
Authors: Chen Zhi-Teng
Published: February 2022

A new fossil stonefly,Perspicuusoperla latagen.etsp. nov., is described and illustrated based on a well-preserved female adult and its eggs in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. The new taxon exhibits a combination of diagnostic morphologies, such as two crossveins between anterior radius (RA) and posterior radius (RP), broad subgenital plate exceeding abdomen tip, and entirely membranous eggs that cannot be incorporated into any known stonefly families. Perspicuusoperlidae, fam. nov. is established based onPerspicuusoperlagen. nov. and its systematic position is preliminarily discussed based on morphological comparison with other stoneflies. Palaeobiological implications are inferred from the egg morphology. This study represents the earliest known and best-preserved fossil record of extinct stonefly eggs.
Goodyera medogensis (Orchidaceae), a new species from Tibet, China
Authors: Tong Yi-Hua , Sun Mei , Wang Bing-Mou , Tian Huai-Zhen
Published: February 2022

A new species of Goodyera (Orchidaceae) from Tibet, China, G. medogensis, is described and illustrated here. Molecular phylogenetic results based on one nuclear (ITS) and two plastid markers (matK and trnL-F) support the recognition of G. medogensis as a new species in Goodyera subsection Reticulum. Morphologically, the novelty is most similar to G. biflora, G. vittata and especially to G. hemsleyana, but differs by the thick grid lines of the reticulations with a diffused margin on the adaxial surface of the leaf blades, the inflorescence with more flowers, the obliquely obovate-rhombic petals, the yellow or yellowish labellum without a lamella on the blade, and the shorter trichomes on the floral bracts, sepals and ovary. Finally, a key to the species of Goodyera subsect. Reticulum in China is also provided.
Importance of the Oriental mole cricket (Gryllotalpa orientalis) to gatherers’ livelihoods in Guiyang city, China
Authors: Dai C. , Ding Y.
Published: February 2022

Edible insects contribute to the livelihoods of impoverished people worldwide and have become a key method to combat rural poverty. This study reports the role of harvesting the Oriental mole cricket (Gryllotalpa orientalis) in gatherers’ livelihoods in Guiyang city, China. We recorded 44 people involved in gathering the Oriental mole cricket, 34 of whom were successfully interviewed in an urban open market. All the gatherers were from the rural ethnic Miao community. Opportunities for sustaining their livelihoods were limited, and 82.4% (n=28) claimed that the Oriental mole cricket made the most important contribution to their family income. The study participants collected these insects almost every weekday, using a hoe to dig them out of the soil, and sold them at the market on weekends. They could earn an estimated gross income ranging from US dollars 1,118 to 9,176 per annum, representing a stable and considerable revenue source. However, the crickets were bought only by keepers of the Chinese hwamei (Garrulax canorus) bird, which has recently been categorised as a Class II key national protected species in China. The ban on keeping this species might cause a serious social problem. If alternative income sources are absent, strict enforcement could affect the livelihoods of the live-food gatherers. We call on bird conservation agencies to pay more attention to impoverished people in the process of decision-making. Our study identifies a rarely mentioned policy factor inhibiting the use of insects to combat rural poverty.
Centration and Stability of Small-Aperture Intraocular Lens in Aberrated Eyes
Authors: Yang Lily Wei Yun , Ong Hon Shing , Chiam Nathalie , Mehta Jodhbir S.
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE:

To investigate the visual outcomes and postoperative stability of IC-8 intraocular lens (AcuFocus, Inc) implantation following femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery.

METHODS:

In this prospective study, the IC-8 IOL was implanted in the non-dominant eye of 12 patients. Centration and uncorrected and corrected distance, intermediate, and near visual acuities (UDVA, UIVA, UNVA, CDVA, CIVA, CNVA) were evaluated up to postoperative month 3 (POM3). Means ± standard deviations are reported in logMAR units.

RESULTS:

There were no significant differences in absolute, vertical, and horizontal centration postoperatively versus intraoperatively. From intraoperative to POM3, mean displacement was 0.17 ± 0.09 and 0.14 ± 0.07 mm (
P
= .52) relative to the capsulorhexis and 0.28 ± 0.22 and 0.25 ± 0.14 mm relative to the limbus (
P
= .62), respectively. Centration remained within the 1.36-mm IC-8 aperture. Excluding patients with ocular comorbidities, from preoperatively to POM3, UDVA improved significantly from 0.52 ± 0.39 to 0.20 ± 0.11 logMAR (
P
= .024), with an efficacy index of 0.80 ± 0.31. The safety index was 1.30 ± 0.40, with no adverse events experienced. At POM3, CDVA, UIVA, and UNVA of 0.04 ± 0.05, 0.27 ± 0.11, and 0.22 ± 0.10 logMAR were achieved, respectively. Binocularly, all achieved UDVA of 20/25 or better and UIVA and UNVA of N6 and better.

CONCLUSIONS:

The IC-8 IOL can attain good centration and positional stability up to POM3. It enables both extended depth of focus and tolerance to aberration, making it capable of achieving spectacle independence after surgery.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2022;38(2):98–105.]
Predicted Refraction Variability Due to Reliability of Nine Optical Biometers for Intraocular Lens Power Calculation
Authors: Rocha-de-Lossada Carlos , Rodríguez-Vallejo Manuel , Rachwani-Anil Rahul , Burguera Noemí , Fernández Joaquín
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE:

To assess the influence of reliability (repeatability and reproducibility) of eye parameter measurements on the prediction refraction by using the outcomes of nine optical biometers reported in the literature.

METHODS:

A search was conducted in PubMed focused on the outcomes from original studies regarding reliability. The mean population of within-subject standard deviation (Sw) was estimated from the mean samples reported in the included studies. Repeatability coefficients (
R
) for the mean population were computed as 2.77 × Sw. The influence of reliability on the prediction refraction for eye biometric parameters, such as mean corneal power in diopters (D) (Km), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and axial length (AXL), were evaluated using a thick lens formula. The lens thickness (LT), central corneal thickness (CCT), and white-to-white (WTW) distance were also evaluated.

RESULTS:

The repeatability of optical biometers ranged from 0.19 to 0.42 D for Km, from 0.04 to 0.13 mm for ACD, from 0.03 to 0.22 mm for AXL, from 0.06 to 0.13 mm for LT, from 5.5 to 17.7 µm for CCT, and from 0.18 to 0.48 mm for WTW distance. Total prediction refraction due to repeatability ranged from 0.21 to 0.61 D, with Km the variable that caused the major part of total prediction refraction variability, followed by AXL and ACD. Reproducibility for the evaluated variables was generally inside the repeatability ranges.

CONCLUSIONS:

New optical biometers are equally reliable as earlier technologies. Special attention should be focused on Km and AXL, which explain the major part of prediction refraction variability.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2022;38(2):120–127.]
Comparison of Central and Peripheral Contrast Sensitivity Between Healthy and Refractive Surgery Patients Using the Spaeth/Richman Contrast Sensitivity (SPARCS) Test
Authors: Tsiogka Anastasia , Karmiris Efthymios , Samoli Evangelia , Spaeth George L.
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE:

To assess contrast sensitivity of central and peripheral vision with a newly developed, internet-based Spaeth/Richman Contrast Sensitivity (SPARCS) test in patients who underwent myopic photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or femtosecond laser–assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FSLASIK) refractive surgery in comparison with controls.

METHODS:

In a retrospective study, a total of 186 eyes from 93 patients were analyzed: 62 eyes from 31 patients for each of the three groups under comparison. Patients who underwent a refractive surgery procedure and controls were evaluated using the SPARCS test. SPARCS scores were obtained for central and four peripheral areas (right upper, right lower, left upper, and left lower quadrants). Total, central, and peripheral SPARCS scores in patients with refractive surgery were compared with controls, adjusting for possible confounders. Multivariate and mixed linear regression models were used.

RESULTS:

Patients who had PRK had a lower score in all categories compared with the control group: by 5.9 points (95% CI: −9 to −2.8) in the total score, by 1.6 points (95% CI: −3 to −0.3) in the central score, and by 5.5 points (95% CI: −9.4 to −1.6) in the peripheral score. Patients who had FS-LASIK had non-statistically significant lower scores than the control group.

CONCLUSIONS:

PRK causes a decrease in central and peripheral contrast sensitivity.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2022;38(2):128–133.]
Biologic Agents and Other Emerging Therapies for Childhood SLE
Authors: Soybilgic Arzu
Published: February 2022

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease characterized by remissions and flares. Twenty percent of SLE presents in childhood where the course of SLE is often more severe with significant morbidity and mortality. Several biologic agents have been developed recently for the treatment of lupus, and although some have proven to be safe and efficacious, many have failed to demonstrate significant benefit in clinical trials. There continues to be a desperate need for safe, effective medications that target specific pathway abnormalities seen in SLE. This is an area of intense research that is changing clinical practice in the treatment of childhood SLE. In this article, we discuss the use of B-cell inhibitors, including belimumab and rituximab, as well as the anti-complement drug eculizumab. Promising treatments on the horizon include the jak-stat inhibitors as well as anifrolumab, which targets interferon.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2022;51(2):e63–e71.]
Considerations for the Primary Care Provider Caring for Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Receiving Biologic Therapy
Authors: Zic Carolyn
Published: February 2022

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatologic condition in children. JIA is a chronic autoimmune disease with no known cure affecting more than 1 in 1,000 children. With the development of targeted biologic therapies for JIA in the late 1990s, the outlook for children with JIA dramatically improved. Since that time, many children have received biologic therapies, allowing for better disease control and even disease remission. Given the frequency of JIA and increasing use of biologic medications, primary care providers require a basic understanding about these medications and their side effects as well as how the primary care provider can best support the patients who are receiving biologic therapy.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2022;51(2):e54–e56.]
Trilhas de leitura para a obra de Ciro Marcondes Filho: proposta de um roteiro didático de aproximação
Authors: Martino Luis Mauro Sa , Marques Angela Cristina Salgueiro
Published: February 2022

Em mais de 40 anos como professor e pesquisador, Ciro Marcondes Filho publicou dezenas de livros sobre comunicação, de trabalhos introdutórios a proposições teóricas avançadas. Este artigo nasce de uma preocupação originária das salas de aula: diante de uma obra desse porte, quais portas de entrada se apresentam? O texto propõe, a partir de uma leitura didática, um roteiro inicial pautado em quatro eixos desenvolvidos em suas obras: (1) estudos sobre mídia, poder e ideologia; (2) estudos de jornalismo (3) a nova teoria da comunicação e (4) livros didáticos e de divulgação. Em vez de uma abordagem estritamente cronológica, entende-se que um aporte temático pode contribuir para um primeiro contato com as ideias de Marcondes Filho indicando trilhas de leitura de uma obra multifacetada, em diálogo com vários saberes.
Genetic Processes Facilitating Pathogen Emergence
Authors: Grunwald Niklaus , Brown Corrie , Ip Hon S. , Chang Jeff H.
Published: February 2022

The goal of biosecurity is to minimize the risk of introduction and transmission of infectious diseases to people, animals, and plants. This is achieved by accurately identifying pathogens and instituting appropriate methods to prevent their introduction, reemergence, and/or spread. However, disease is dynamic, and biosecurity needs to continually change to keep pace as pathogens evolve. As described in this chapter, a basic understanding of evolution is central in considering how genetic changes and their associated phenotypes can alter the disease presentation of pathogens. In addition, evolution leaves a trail of genetic information that can be leveraged to inform biosecurity because the spatiotemporal patterns of these past changes provide clues as to how the pathogen might be spreading. This chapter aims to provide insights into how various genetic alterations occur, the background on how these are informative for biosecurity, and illustrations of applications to real-world examples. Evolution underlies the abilities of pathogens to adapt, emerge, and to cause epidemics.
Training, Tests, and Tech
Authors: Harmon Carrie Lapaire , Akey Bruce L. , Ochoa-Corona Francisco Manuel , Ramachandran Akhilesh , Sharma Poonam
Published: February 2022

Diagnosis of disease is a process of hypothesis, investigation, and synthesis. Regardless of whether a human, animal, or plant is afflicted, the process of diagnosis is strikingly similar. Positioned on the biosecurity continuum between surveillance and response, early and accurate diagnosis is critical to effective mitigation and management of disease. Infectious diseases have the potential to spread among animal or plant populations, jump species barriers, and result in epidemics and global pandemics. Additionally, zoonotic infectious agents can also significantly impact human health on a mass scale. It is critical that infectious diseases be identified and detected in a timely fashion to prevent spread. This chapter will delve into the resources and supporting activities for that process, demonstrated via case studies from animal and plant systems, illuminating similarities and differences in the diagnostic process tools that can be mobilized and enhanced for biosecurity.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Bank Consumers in the UAE
Authors: Al Numairy Hussain Ali , Al Essa Shaikha Rashid , Alshamsi Aliya Saleh , Ahli Hamda Ibrahim , Al Zarooni Shamma Ahmed , Webb Heather
Published: February 2022

Pandemics generally affect businesses due to their nature. Business owners have little to no knowledge of when crises such as pandemics will occur or how severe they will be. Each pandemic is different in nature as its spreadability is different; therefore, the outcome of no two pandemics can be the same. This chapter discusses the historical impact previous pandemics had on businesses. Then it presents information about the COVID-19 pandemic and how the United Arab Emirates (UAE) government and businesses dealt with this particular pandemic. More specifically, the authors focus on Dubai's banking sector response.
Plight of Employees, Migrant Workers, and the Middle Class in India During COVID-19
Authors: Joshi Vivek , Ahluwalia Supreet
Published: February 2022

The chapter discusses condition of employees, migrant workers, and middle classes in India during COVID-19. How each of them faced the pandemic and how their conditions deteriorated drastically are explored. The chapter highlights how labour laws changed, how training and development programs were shelved, and how millions of employees ended up losing jobs during the pandemic. Impact of job loss and its trickledown effects changed the way the Indian middle class was living and forced them to take up a war of their own. It changed the socio-economic scenario and forced several micro, small, and medium enterprises to close shop. SMEs rose to the challenge and either changed the line of business or adopted innovative business practices so as to survive and sustain. Changed scoio-economic environment further became more complex and volatile as few large corporations, pharmaceutical companies, healthcare providers, and hospitals in India started considering the pandemic an opportunity to make super normal profits. The Indian middle class rose to the challenge and proved their never say die attitude!
Eureka!
Authors: Royce Christine Anne
Published: February 2022

The pandemic brought both problems and possibilities for elementary science instruction. Throughout this chapter, key practices and attributes of sense-making in the elementary science classroom are discussed. Best practices for online or blended instruction are examined to find similarities and overlaps between this approach to instruction and what is already identified as important in science. By reviewing both, the educator can then take the positive aspects learned during emergency remote teaching and keep them as possibilities within blended or online instruction in the future. Recommendations are provided as well as an example science lesson with adaptations.
Exploring a New Framework to Support Online Learning
Authors: Pratt David
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic forced many teachers to connect with their students remotely in 2020. This sent educators who were unprepared for the shift to teaching online scrambling for resources to address this new challenge. In addition to finding resources, teachers were faced with developing new strategies to reach learners outside of the classroom walls. This chapter describes a research-based practical framework for how teachers can use the internet more effectively to support remote learning with elementary age students.
Online Learning for the Early Childhood and Elementary Education Student
Authors: Mahoney Jamie , Hall McManus Carol
Published: February 2022

Early childhood students require hands-on and interactive learning activities. Technology is one of the best practices to provide engaging and interactive learning activities for students in early childhood to learn and practice in a repetitive manner to ensure mastery before moving to another level. Online learning has become a vital method of learning for students. Therefore, the use of technology needs to be interactive rather than passive and lecture based. Tools such as Google, web-based applications, and other digitally-interactive available technologies assist early childhood students to participate in the learning lessons.
Virtual Reality Environments as a Support in Elementary School
Authors: Cardona-Reyes Héctor , Guzman-Mendoza José Eder , García-Coronado Olivia Paola
Published: February 2022

Virtual reality is an emerging technology that can support the teaching and learning process by allowing the user to acquire knowledge in an immersive and interactive way. Virtual environments can help students to build their learning through experiences abstracted from reality by representing different concepts and interacting with well-defined elements within virtual scenarios. This work proposes the production and use of virtual reality environments as a support for the acquisition of skills within the teaching-learning process of children in basic education, including children with special educational needs. A proposed model is presented under the instructional design that considers technological platforms, multidisciplinary teams for the production of virtual reality environments according to the needs of users, and thus offers both teachers, parents, and students solutions that can promote the acquisition of learning skills through the execution of various tasks designed to encourage the user to the acquisition of learning skills in an immersive, safe, and fun way.
Supporting Early Childhood Interns in Working With Children Remotely Through a Cycle of Inquiry
Authors: Dagnon Paula , Jin Meilan , Demsky Sarah
Published: February 2022

In this chapter, the authors explore how a digitally literate early childhood education intern successfully incorporated an inquiry cycle for a series of science lessons during her remote practicum experience and how she capitalized on technology to engage and collaborate with children and their family. In describing the remote experience, the authors discuss how communication and documentation through digital tools such as e-books, applications, websites, and authoring tools supported learning and modeling for the family. The authors conclude with teacher takeaways for supporting interns and families in remote inquiry experiences with young children.
Supportive Curriculum Framework for Remote Learning in Tanzania Early Childhood Education
Authors: Mtenzi Fredrick Japhet , Saimon Musa
Published: February 2022

The present study aimed at proposing an emergence-responsive curriculum framework for remote learning in Tanzania early childhood education (ECE). The qualitative research design was adopted using rapid literature review and document analysis as the main approaches for data collection. The rapid literature review involved only 22 articles while document analysis involved the Tanzania curriculum for ECE. Data were analyzed thematically. From the data analysis, it has been found that the implementation of remote learning in ECE worldwide came with both opportunities and challenges. Also, it was revealed that the current ECE curriculum could hardly accommodate remote learning. Furthermore, various lessons emerge from the implementation of remote learning in ECE globally. Above all, the proposed curriculum framework includes various aspects that influence effective curriculum implementation. Therefore, the study calls for the adoption of the proposed crisis-responsive curriculum framework in Tanzania ECE and other parts of the world for realizing effective remote learning sustainably.