bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Broadband Polarization-Independent Terahertz Multifunctional Liquid Crystal Coding Metasurface Based on Topological Optimization
Authors: Chen Yu , Cao Wu-Hao , Li Jia-Qi , Zhang Ming-Zhe , Du Xin-Yi , Gao Ding-Shan , Li Pei-Li
Published: January 2025

In this paper, a broadband polarization-independent terahertz multifunctional coding metasurface based on topological optimization using liquid crystal (LC) is proposed. The metasurface can achieve reconfigurability for beam steering and vortex beam generation within the 0.68-0.72 THz frequency range. Firstly, the metasurface unit is topologically optimized using the Non-dominant sequencing genetic algorithms (NSGA-II) multi-objective optimization algorithm. By applying the LC's electrically tunable refractive index properties, the metasurface unit enables polarization-independent 2-bit coding within the 0.68-0.72 THz frequency range. Then, based on the designed metasurface unit, the array arrangement of the metasurface is reverse-designed to achieve beam steering and vortex beam generation. The results show that, for beam steering, not only can polarization-independent steering of both single- and multi-beam be achieved within the 35° elevation angle range, but also independent control of the target angle of each beam in the multi-beam steering. For vortex beam generation, the metasurfaces can achieve the generation of single- and multi-vortex beams with topological charges l=±1, ±2 within the 35° elevation angle range, and the generation angles of each vortex beam in the multi-vortex beam can be independently controlled. This provides flexibility and diversity in the generation of vortex beams. Therefore, the proposed terahertz LC metasurface can realize flexible control of reconfigurable functions and has certain application prospects in terahertz communication, phased array radar, and vortex radar.
Propagation of uncertainty with arbitrarily distributions by kernel density estimation method
Authors: Jinuntuya P , Jinuntuya N
Published: January 2025

Propagation of uncertainty is a basic task in metrological analysis. All standard metrology texts describe how to combine the uncertainties of the gaussian distributed variables. However, in real situations we may need to combine the uncertainties of random variables with different distributions. In this work we represent a method to combine the uncertainties of two or more random variables with different distribution functions. By applying the method of kernel density estimation, a probability density function can be approximated as a linear combination of the gaussian kernels. We find that the combined probability density can also be represented as a linear combination of the gaussian kernels with shifted mean. Limiting process is applied to obtain the desired distribution and corresponding uncertainty. As an example, we apply the method to combine common distributions, those are the gaussian, uniform, and triangular distributions. Monte Carlo simulation is then used to verify the validity of our method.
Confronting the Earth’s detectability with the Microlensing technique using the Gaia DR3 catalogue
Authors: Chulikorn Thansuda , Awiphan Supachai , Suphapolthaworn Suphakorn , Sriling Pongsakorn
Published: January 2025

Gravitational microlensing is one of the astronomical methods for detecting low-mass objects, including Earth-like exoplanets. On the other hand, suppose extraterrestrials use these techniques in search of us. We can compute and simulate the probability of Earth’s detection from other exoplanets by considering the locations where Earth influences the microlensing phenomenon for other civilizations, known as the “Earth Microlensing Zone” (EMZ). Analyzing the EMZ is important for reducing the scope of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) missions. To do this, we selected stars with a magnitude G < 17 from the Gaia DR3 catalog, calculated the probability of microlensing by the Earth, generated Earth discovery rate maps using HEALPIX with level 6, and compared our results with a previous study. We discovered that the Earth detection rate in our work was lower than in previous research due to the decreasing number of stars with G magnitude. However, similar to the previous study, observers were placed around the Milky Way’s plane, where the area with the highest value of the total Earth-detected rate appears. This location does not overlap with the “Earth Transit Zone” (ETZ). As a result, we need to increase the G-band magnitude within the suitable range.
Effects of Eddy Current and Permeability of Vacuum Chamber on Magnetic Field in Booster Synchrotron of Siam Photon Source II
Authors: Sunwong P , Prawanta S , Jummunt S , Numanoy P , Leetha T , Phimsen T , Pruekthaisong P
Published: January 2025

Siam Photon Source II (SPS-II), the second synchrotron light source in Thailand, has been designed and it is planned to open for users in 2034. Vacuum chamber for the SPS-II booster synchrotron will be made of thin-wall 316LN stainless steel tube to minimize the Eddy current while maintaining a good vacuum and mechanical performance. Magnetic permeability of the vacuum chamber needs to be kept small to reduce any effects on the magnetic field. In this work, Opera-3D is used for modelling of magnets and vacuum chamber for the booster synchrotron and for calculation of magnetic field. Effects of Eddy current due to ramping magnetic field, magnetic permeability and thickness of the vacuum chamber are studied. It was found that the maximum allowable relative permeability of the vacuum chamber is 1.02 with the chamber thickness of 0.75 mm, in order to keep the higher-order multipole field components below 1x10-4 in the combined dipole magnet. Eddy current, together with the magnetic property of the vacuum chamber, alters the sextupole component in the combined dipole magnet up to 10%. This will be compensated by the individual sextupole magnets in the booster synchrotron.
Study and development of beam loss monitor for the SPS storage ring
Authors: Jummunt S , Aim-O P , Promdee W , Pulumpong T , Suradet N , Sudmuang P
Published: January 2025

The Siam Photon Source (SPS) machine serves as a dedicated synchrotron radiation source operating at 1.2 GeV, operational for synchrotron radiation users since 2003. One of the essential components in ensuring its consistent and reliable operation is the implementation of a beam loss diagnostics system. This tool plays a crucial role in observing and precisely identifying the locations of losses during commissioning, machine studies, and routine operation. The beam loss monitors (BLMs) employing PIN-photodiode and scintillator-PMT, are specifically designed for installation in the SPS storage ring to continuously monitor real-time beam losses. The radiation from beam loss in the storage ring during the machine operation is determined through FLUKA simulation. This paper aims to provide a detailed insight into the BLM system and to present the results of beam loss monitoring.
Evaluating Quantum State Verification for d-Level Graph States
Authors: Oupatam Matachan , Dangniam Ninnat
Published: January 2025

The objective of Quantum State Verification (QSV) is to evaluate whether an unknown quantum state is sufficiently similar to a predetermined target state at a certain confidence level. The required number of identical and independent copies, N, of an unknown state for such a task is inversely proportional to the spectral gap of a verification operator. Stabilizer states form a foundational class of quantum states, extensively utilized in quantum computing. Defined through a group of stabilizer operators constructed from Pauli matrices in qubit systems, their structural properties not only simplify the mathematical representation and simulation of quantum states but also make them particularly suitable for verification protocols that rely on local measurements. Restricting the verification operator to be those that can be achieved by local measurements, previous researches had determined an upper bound for the spectral gap to be 2/3 in the cases of qubit stabilizer states. In this research, we show a similar upper bound of d/(d+1) in the cases of graph states of d-level systems by a technique from [1] but adapted to d-level graph states. In particular, we show that d-level graph states are maximally entangled across any bipartition of the graph, which allows us to reduce the problem to the case of a bipartite maximally entangled d-level systems for which the maximal spectral gap is known.
Spectroscopic Characterization and Vapor Pressure Analysis of Homemade Rubidium Vapor Cells
Authors: Kaewko A , Chattrapiban N , Thaicharoen N
Published: January 2025

Vapor glass cells play a crucial role in spectroscopic research and metrology applications. As the demand for portable quantum devices grows, characterizing vapor glass cells based on their form factor becomes essential. Therefore, exploring cost-effective homemade alternatives is increasingly important in this regard. To address this, we have successfully produced a cost-effective homemade vapor cells containing rubidium atoms in our laboratory. In this work, we characterized the atomic absorption properties of the homemade vapor cells to extract the vapor pressure of atoms inside the cell and compare it to commercially available reference cells. The experimental procedure involves directing a laser beam with a wavelength of 780 nm through the vapor cell and measuring the absorption signals using a photodiode. Additionally, we calculate rubidium absorption cross section to extract the absorption data and compare it to the experimental obtained result to determine the vapor pressure within the cell. This study demonstrates that our homemade cell exhibits a comparable absorption profile and vapor pressure to that of a commercial cell. This suggests that our homemade cell is suitable for spectroscopic measurements and presents a cost-effective solution for future applications in portable quantum devices.
Development of a Fluorescence Lifetime Spectroscopy System with Multicolor-Excitation
Authors: Preegarn Jakgree , Sapermsap Natakorn , Sangtawesin Sorawis
Published: January 2025

Fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy is an essential tool in various diagnostic applications, owing to its excellent sensitivity, concentration independence, and non-invasive capabilities. This method requires precise timing electronics capable of resolving time delays at the picosecond scale. However, commercially available systems suffer from issues such as bulkiness, high cost, and suboptimal performance. In this work, we introduce a cost-effective and compact system for measuring the fluorescence spectrum and fluorescence lifetime from samples in a cuvette, featuring a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI). We report a timing resolution of 55 ps, with a full detection range of 500 ns, suitable for a vast majority of fluorophores. Specifically, the timing module is configured in reverse mode to reduce the effect from low photon count rate. When integrated with an additional supercontinuum excitation, the combined system enables a versatile excitation wavelength tuning within the range of 400–700 nm, with a minimal full width half maximum (FWHM) of the instrument response function (IRF) at 520 ps. To validate the system performance, we measure the concentration-dependence absorption and emission spectra, along with the fluorescence lifetime, of commercially available Cy5 and Fluorescein reference dyes, from which the results are consistent with previously reported data. Our systems should be of interest for various researchers interested in measuring multi-modal fluorescence properties.
Design of the comb-drive structure to reduce asymmetry lateral plasma etching on the cavity SOI substrate for MEMS fabrication
Authors: Lakrathok Anantachai , Supadech Jakrapong , Leepattarapongpan Chana , Paosangthong Watcharapong , Atthi Nithi , Jeamsaksiri Wutthinan , Kobdaj Chinorat
Published: January 2025

A conventional microelectromechanical system (MEMS) fabricated using deep-reactive ion etching (DRIE) on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer and wet etching with hydrofluoric acid (HF) encounters challenges related to isotropic etching, such as microstructure stiction, etched byproduct contamination, and over-etching of the side protective oxide layer. Even with the utilization of cavity SOI (C-SOI) wafers, certain movable structures can still experience damage due to asymmetry in lateral plasma etching caused by the uneven distribution of plasma ions and etchant radicals. This investigation examines three different comb designs to reduce the asymmetry lateral etching caused by DRIE. Factors such as the presence of a pedestal under comb branches and the area of the proof-mass are taken into consideration. At 100 µm of depth, the comb size, line width, and space are 15.0, 7.3 and 5.0 µm, respectively. The overlapping length of combs is 15 µm of the total comb bar length. The proof-mass has an area variation of 300 x 900 µm2, 600 x 900 µm2, and 1200 x 900 µm2, respectively. The Deep Si etching process employs time multiplex etching (Bosch process), which involves the deposition of C4F8 fluorocarbon film and etching with SF6, controlled by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) power to generate a high-density charge. The direct current voltages during the deposition and etching stages are 0 volts and 170 volts for Si bulk, and 0 volts and 3 volts for C-SOI. Our results indicate that the comb designs do not effectively mitigate the asymmetry in lateral etching on the comb structures in this configuration. However, we have observed that the location on the wafer determines the asymmetry lateral etching.
Frequency-based characterization of contactless conductivity detection with coplanar electrodes
Authors: Lianghiranthaworn T , Hongsith N , Unai S
Published: January 2025

This research aims to investigate the capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) method and evaluate its sensitivity to variations in the power source frequency. A particular emphasis is placed on the impact of frequency on the capacitance of the coplanar electrode design with a gap separation distance ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 mm. The capacitance sensor comprises a coplanar arrangement of electrodes fabricated with a printed circuit board (PCB) covered by a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) insulating layer. The experimental methodology involves measuring the capacitance from the sensor while assessing four distinct samples: air, deionized (DI) water, 0.01 M NaCl solution, and 0.1 M NaCl solution. These measurements are conducted across a frequency range from 20 Hz to 1 MHz, utilizing the Keysight E4980A LCR meter. The experimental results reveal an exponential decrease in capacitance within the low-frequency range (20 Hz – 10 kHz). Conversely, the capacitance exhibits a stabilizing tendency at high frequencies (100 kHz – 1 MHz). This phenomenon can be attributed to the presence of equivalent series inductance (ESL) within the sensor, leading to an increase in sensor impedance and, consequently, a decrease in capacitance. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that for optimal capacitance measurement using the C4D method, the sensor should be operated at high frequencies within the range of 100 kHz to 1 MHz to mitigate the effects of ESL and obtain stable capacitance readings.
Effect of opening auxiliary slots in the primary of permanent magnet synchronous linear motors on magnetic resistance
Authors: Wei Huanan , Wang Xudong
Published: January 2025

The goal of this topic is to resolve the permanent magnet synchronous linear motor’s high reluctance issue. ANSYS Maxwell finite element simulation software is used to construct an 11-pole, 12-slot permanent-magnet synchronous linear motor model based on the reluctance generation concept. The viability of adopting symmetrical auxiliary slots in the main internal tooth holes is investigated. The effect of the symmetric extra slot on the magnetoresistance of the main internal gear opening is examined using the binary parameterization technique. Lastly, a comparison and analysis are made between the motor’s performance prior to and following the asymmetrical supplemental slot opening. The results show that a reasonable opening of the symmetrical auxiliary slot in the main internal gear can effectively reduce the magnetic reluctance and ensure that the other performance of the motor is basically unchanged.
A two-stage scheduling method for virtual power plants considering ultra-short-term forecasting errors
Authors: Sun Wenduo , Li Yuyao , Zhang Kaiming , Zheng Xiang , Ye Congqi
Published: January 2025

The intermittency and randomness of distributed energy resources (DER) present challenges to power system stability. Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) address this by coordinating internal resources, reducing imbalance risks, and improving energy and economic efficiency. This paper introduces a two-stage VPPs scheduling model using a sequence-to-sequence(seq2seq) model with an Attention mechanism for rolling error correction of renewable energy output. Aggregating flexible resources such as electric vehicles (EV) and hydrogen storage systems (HSS), the model applies Model Predictive Control (MPC) for intra-day rolling optimization. Case studies show the proposed method reduces total costs by 7.59% compared to methods without error correction, 1.08% relative to those without EV, and 0.98% against those without HSS, enhancing VPPs scheduling’s economic efficiency and flexibility.
Optimized scheduling strategy of air conditioning load based on NMF hypergraph clustering algorithm
Authors: Sun Xu , Liu Xiangjun , Deng Hanjun , Yang Shuai , Yu Minqi , Meng Junxia
Published: January 2025

The residential air conditioning load has the characteristics of dispersed distribution and state diversity, so it is of great significance to study the cluster air conditioning load resource management and the optimization of single load usage mode. This paper uses non-negative matrix decomposition and hypergraph networks to improve clustering accuracy and adaptive clustering adjustment, and decentralized control and grouping wheel stops are realized according to tunable potential. Simulation analysis verifies the clustering model’s accuracy and the control strategy’s effectiveness.
Fault diagnosis method for power electronic switching devices based on the AdaESGMD-SPGL fusion
Authors: Zhang Ning , Zhang Yongming
Published: January 2025

The fault signals of power electronic devices are often accompanied by significant electromagnetic noise, making it difficult for single-feature extraction algorithms to capture periodic impact signals, while single-feature enhancement algorithms are easily disturbed by noise. To address this issue, this paper proposes an AdaESGMD-SPGL fusion method for fault diagnosis of power electronic switching devices based on the integration of feature extraction and enhancement concepts. The method first employs an improved Symplectic Geometry Mode Decomposition (SGMD) to perform an initial decomposition of the switching fault signal, then selects the mode with the highest energy as the feature signal, and finally applies Sparse Periodic Group Lasso (SPGL) to learn the periodic patterns of the feature signal’s characteristic frequency and perform envelope spectrum analysis. Experimental simulation results indicate that the improved SGMD significantly enhances the robustness of the SPGL algorithm against noise.
Combustion and coordination based on multi-intelligence technology control system
Authors: Ma Wenqi
Published: January 2025

In the process of carbon roasting, the temperature control of the roasting chamber is extremely important, and the uniformity and accuracy of the temperature will affect the qualification rate and product quality of the roasted products, and also indirectly affect the production capacity in the production process. In this paper, multi-intelligence technology is introduced into the heating system of carbon roasting. A combustion intelligence unit is formed by a controller, thermocouple (temperature sensor), burner, combustion chamber, etc. The coordinating intelligence is designed on the upper layer of multiple combustion intelligences to manage the coordinating combustion intelligences, and a multi-intelligence combustion system is formed in a chamber. Secondly, a linear-quadratic model was applied to the coordinating intelligences to design a coordination strategy to coordinate the temperature difference between the intelligences. Finally, the coordination strategy is simulated using MATLAB, and the results show that the intelligences can be adjusted to the same level in a short time.
Modeling and simulation of a real-time control system for a planar redundant parallel robot
Authors: Yang Jiangzhao , Wang Dan , Huang Qihao
Published: January 2025

We designed a real-time control system for a planar redundant parallel robot. Firstly, the hardware system was constructed, encompassing the structural design of a planar 2-DOF redundant parallel robot, the selection of servo motors, and the configuration of connecting rods. Subsequently, modeling of the parallel robot was carried out, which included the development of both forward and inverse kinematics models. Based on this foundation, a real-time control system was designed utilizing MATLAB’s Simulink and the gtrbox toolbox. Models for real-time control of both forward and inverse kinematics were established. The method and process for setting the origin position were elaborated in detail. Finally, through this integrated hardware and software platform, real-time co-simulation control of the parallel robot is achieved, providing a flexible experimental platform for research on kinematics and dynamics, including trajectory planning and velocity planning of parallel robots.
Inverter power supply control strategy research based on improved virtual synchronous generator
Authors: Zheng Weiqiang , Zheng Weiliang , Wang Hongjian , Wang Wei , Wang Chengbo , Xu Qi , Zhou Zhixin
Published: January 2025

In the article, the power oscillation problem of the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is studied. To facilitate a solution for this problem, an optimized virtual synchronous generator (OVSG) control method in view of forward atonement is designed. Tunable variables for atonement segment changing realize the purpose of suppressing the steps of the operating system and inhibiting active power oscillation of VSG. Virtual simulation and experiment test the availability of the designed method.
Substation fire monitoring considering multi-information fusion algorithm
Authors: Meng Qingfeng , Wang Yuanhang , Fu Kejiang , Lv Yang , Yi Donghai
Published: January 2025

In order to eliminate the fire safety hazards of manual inspection in substations, reduce the workload of personnel fire maintenance, and promote the construction of a modern equipment management system, an intelligent automatic inspection, and fire extinguishing robot with data interconnection has been designed and developed. Detailed regulations have been made on the robot’s working process and information-sharing mechanism. In the process of developing intelligent fire detection algorithms, multi-sensor information fusion technology was utilized to improve detection accuracy, and D-S evidence theory was introduced for fusion reasoning, achieving the goal of significantly improving the accuracy of intelligent fire detection. Experimental data shows that the D-S fusion algorithm can quickly converge the judgment time and improve the probability of accurate judgment when determining a fire situation. The entire system can achieve unmanned inspection tasks for substation fire protection.
A fault localization method for power communication fiber optic cable lines based on brillouin frequency shift features
Authors: Zeng Yanting , Zeng Yongan , Hu Ling , Xiahou Weiming , Zhang Zhihong
Published: January 2025

Due to the diversity of fault states of power communication optical cable lines, a fault location method for power communication optical cable lines based on Brillouin frequency shift characteristics is proposed. With the help of wavelet transform unique multi-scale analysis ability, with the characteristics of electric communication optical cable line Brillouin scattering signal mediation, by calculating the central frequency difference of two groups of Brillouin spectral data, we determine the specific frequency shift. Using the Lorentz curve to fit the frequency shift data, we determine the corresponding frequency shift peak line position. In the test results, the design method can realize the effective mediation of the fault signal. The accuracy of the positioning results for different types of faults is up to 0.1m. The error is always within 0.5m.
Fault detection of a diesel engine through vibration source separation and deep learning
Authors: Yuan Yudao , Liu Pengpeng
Published: January 2025

Failures in a diesel engine will cause massive damage to the machine, so it is essential to monitor and detect unexpected faults in the diesel engine. Because the diesel engine vibration signal is a nonlinear superposition of multiple vibration sources, traditional vibration identification can no longer meet the growing requirements for monitoring accuracy. For this reason, a new method is proposed in this study based on the EMD - nonlinear ICA to separate the noise and other interference signal sources from the engine vibration signal and obtain the fault-related vibration sources; then, a deep learning model is built to identify the fault types. This test assessed the proposed method for diesel engine fault detection. The results signify that the signal separation method can select the fault vibration source from the engine vibration signal and correctly identify the engine faults.
SOC estimation method for power lithium batteries in energy storage system
Authors: Li Zewen , Fan Yuanliang , Wu Han , Li Haotian , Li Lingfei , Lin Jianli , Chen Weiming , Huang Xinghua
Published: January 2025

The state of charge (SOC) of the battery is an index set to measure the leftover capacity of the battery. Its scientific estimation plays a vital role in ensuring the secure operation and efficient control of the battery. To enhance the certainty of battery SOC estimation, this study proposes a SOC estimation approach that blends the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and the crisscross optimization algorithm (CSO) based on a second-order RC network equal battery model. Building upon hybrid pulse power characteristic (HPPC) testing and parameter estimation using the least squares method, the battery SOC is estimated using the urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) test data and the UKF algorithm. Different from the extended Kalman filter (EKF), the UKF algorithm avoids the loss of multi-system nonlinearity during the linearization process through the Gaussian transformation based on sigma points. The CSO algorithm is utilized to calculate the noise in the battery model estimation by considering the battery charge-discharge voltage, current, and estimation results. By excluding the estimation error from the original estimation statistics, more accurate estimation statistics are obtained. Experimental analysis is conducted by comparing the proposed CSO-UKF algorithm with the UKF algorithm and the PSO-UKF algorithm, using battery charge-discharge data collected under the UDDS operating condition with a battery charge-discharge test instrument. The experimental statistics endorse the effectiveness and trustworthiness of the proposed algorithm.
Investigating the impact of water uptake and sheath moisture on electric field distribution in internal air gaps of high voltage composite insulators
Authors: Chen Hao , Zhao Hongfeng
Published: January 2025

Composite insulators are widely utilized in power systems as critical insulation devices. However, internal air gaps within these insulators are susceptible to partial discharge defects due to factors such as water uptake and sheath moisture, which can lead to flashover incidents. The majority of current research on composite insulators mainly focuses on air-filled gaps, with limited studies exploring the effects of water and moist air infiltration, generally employing experimental methods to measure electric field intensity. Nonetheless, these experiments are often constrained by limited conditions and fail to accurately measure the internal moisture distribution within the gaps, thus hindering a deeper understanding of electric field patterns within these gaps. Computational methods, on the other hand, have demonstrated advantages in simulating electric field distributions in realistic environments. Finite element analysis (FEA), a powerful computational tool, can be effectively applied to the calculation of air gaps in composite insulators. To gain a deeper understanding of the performance of high voltage ends of composite insulators in complex environmental conditions, particularly the infiltration of moisture between the core rod and the sheath, and the changes caused by sheath moisture due to rainfall, this study employs advanced finite element analysis software, COMSOL. By constructing an accurate FXBW4-110/100 AC composite insulator three-dimensional air gap model, the study can closely simulate the impact of varying water vapor conditions on electric field distribution. The model is based on actual physical phenomena and structural parameters such as the core rod, sheath, and their interfaces. By setting different humidity levels and simulating the rainfall process, the study observes how the electric field at the air gap is influenced by the diffusion of water molecules during the water uptake phase. Subsequently, as the sheath becomes moist, the study further explores how moisture interacts with the air and is absorbed by the insulation materials, thereby affecting electric field intensity. Notably, since there are interactions between water uptake and sheath moisture, the study not only analyzes the impact of individual factors but also considers the combined effect when both water uptake and sheath moisture are present. The results of this combined effect reveal the dynamic changes in electric field intensity over time, providing crucial insights into the durability and reliability of insulators.
Research on photovoltaic maximum power point tracking control based on improved whale optimization algorithm
Authors: Shen Yang , Gao Changwei , Li Runsheng
Published: January 2025

Under uneven illumination conditions, the power characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) arrays exhibit complex multi-peak features, significantly increasing the difficulty of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). The traditional MPPT method makes it difficult to accurately and timely track the Global Maximum Power Point (GMPP) when facing multi-peak characteristics. Given this, we have conducted in-depth research on PV Global Maximum Power Tracking control strategies suitable for non-uniform illumination conditions and proposed a Maximum Power Tracking control method based on an Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm. Based on preserving the original characteristics of the whale optimization algorithm, using cubic chaotic mapping to initialize the population, the initial solutions are evenly distributed. To optimize the hunting and encirclement processes of whale populations, nonlinear attenuation coefficients, and adaptive weights are introduced separately. The research results show that the improved whale algorithm can locate the maximum power peak point more rapidly and accurately, confirming its high applicability and superiority in complex lighting environments.
Research on LSTM-based winding state prediction method
Authors: Wang Yiyang , Guo Haifeng , Li Jianan , Liu Xinen , Li Xiang , Du Zhongbo , Shen Yang
Published: January 2025

Mechanical and electrical equipment is widely used in various links of the manufacturing industry and is also the key to the implementation of modern industrial technology. Winding is the core component of transformers, electromagnetic valves, motors, robots, and other mechanical and electrical equipment. The safe and reliable operation of winding is the premise for the healthy operation of industrial equipment. Therefore, taking the core component of many industrial equipment, the winding, as the research object, and aiming to improve the safety and reliability of the equipment, this study focuses on the state prediction method of winding with the help of sensitive feature information. With the rapid development of industrial big data technology, data-driven technology, especially time series prediction technology, has developed rapidly. Considering the characteristics of winding degradation data, a winding state prediction method based on the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) approach is proposed. By using experimental data of winding, a health index reflecting their health status is constructed, and the LSTM is utilized for training the health index, thereby achieving time series-based state prediction of winding. This provides reliable support for the health status assessment of industrial mechanical and electrical equipment and enhances the reliability of the equipment.
Distributed photovoltaic maximum power point prediction based on GA-BP neural network
Authors: Shen Yulan , Yu Xiang , Zhang Chen , Xu Pengfei , Ma Yichao , Li Yaze
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces a novel approach to predicting the maximum power point in the Hadoop Electrical Energy mechanism, addressing the inaccuracies inherent in traditional methods. We propose a model leveraging a conventional approach - Back Propagation Neural Network (GA-BPNN) to forecast the largest load dot. The simulation results from our numerical examples indicate that the GA-BPNN-based MPPT control algorithm for the Electrical Energy mechanism efficiently tracks the largest load dot with high precision and stability, outperforming comparative methods in terms of both stability and accuracy.
Evaluation of physicochemical property changes in 3D-printed biodegradable medical devices under simulated oral physiological conditions
Authors: Lee Eungtae , Seong Yeonguk , Jeong Jihee , Ji Yongbin , Eom Joonho , Park Changwon , Kim Jinhyun , Park Sangbae , Chung Jong Hoon
Published: January 2025

Biodegradable medical devices undergo degradation following implantation, potentially leading to clinical failure. Consequently, it is necessary to assess the change in their properties post-implantation. However, a standardized method for the precise evaluation of the changes in their physicochemical properties is currently lacking. In this study, we aimed to establish precisely simulated oral physiological conditions (SOPCs) and investigate the physicochemical property changes to predict the performance alterations of biodegradable dental barrier membranes (BDBMs) following human implantation. We investigated changes in physicochemical properties of BDBM after exposure to SOPC for 24 weeks. When BDBM was exposed to SOPC for 24 weeks, there was a significant decrease in mass (−1.37%), molecular weight (−19.54%) and tensile load (−72.84%). Among the physicochemical properties, molecular weight decreased similarly after 24 weeks of implantation in rats (−15.78%) and after 24 weeks of exposure to SOPC (−19.54%). Changes in the physicochemical properties of BDBM in simulated in vitro oral conditions and in the in vivo environment were similar. Overall, the evaluation of physicochemical property changes after exposing BDBM to the proposed SOPC demonstrates novelty in its ability to accurately predict performance changes post-implantation. This approach may provide significant insights not only for the development of BDBM but also for various types of biodegradable medical devices.
What Is Advice?
Authors: Jonas Monique
Published: January 2025

Advice is a ubiquitous social practice, and one that raises complex ethical challenges in our personal and professional lives. Despite this, few contemporary philosophers have paid it serious attention. One must dig deep into the archives, and think laterally about contemporary scholarship, to find a body of ethical reflections on advising. This chapter provides a critical overview of philosophical treatments of advice from antiquity to the modern day. It explores how thinkers have approached six key questions: What is advice? Why take advice? Why give advice? How should one advise? What are the qualities of a good advisor? and What should the advice relationship be like? It identifies foundations for a theory of the ethics of advising and several questions that such a theory should resolve.
Responsibility
Authors: Jonas Monique
Published: January 2025

We often take received advice into consideration when we judge an agent for an act they did, but there is no established position about how we should factor it in. This chapter sets out, explicates, and defends an account of advice’s implications for moral responsibility. The core claims are that, provided that the norms of advice are adhered to, advisees remain accountable for advised acts, but that received advice can be relevant to how they are judged and responded to. Advisors are accountable for the advice they give and can be judged accordingly. Norm violations can render an advisor (partially) accountable for an advised act. The adverse consequences of the prevailing ambiguity about responsibility for advised acts are explored, and it is argued that apportioning responsibility as defended here supports the defining purpose of advice as help with practical reasoning.
Professional Advice
Authors: Jonas Monique
Published: January 2025

Professional advisors face particular challenges in gaining the trust of advisees, due to the possible absence of personal ties between advisor and advisee and the constraints that professional obligations can place upon advising. This chapter examines how advisors should balance professional responsibleness and responsiveness to advisees in three contexts: advice to a person in public office, law, and medical advice. In different ways in each of these contexts, professional responsibilities constrain how responsive to an advisee’s goals, preferences, and values an advisor can be. The chapter concludes with a discussion of conflicts of interest within the financial advice industry. Empirical evidence about how declarations of conflicts of interest affect advisee decision-making is presented, and it is argued that the only way to prevent conflicts of interest from compromising professional advice is to remove them.
Uncollected Writings
Authors: Wollheim Richard
Published: January 2025

This is the first of three planned volumes of Richard Wollheim’s work for Oxford University Press. The others are volumes on political philosophy, edited by Jonathan Wolff; and on philosophical psychology, edited by Garry Hagberg. The present volume serves two purposes. First, it contains articles published before 1994 that did not appear in any collection under his name, plus ones published since 1994, and therefore after any collection appeared of his work. Second, at the time of his death he was assembling a small book, which comprised two revised essays, the original versions of which appeared in 1994 (‘On Formalism and Its Kinds’) and 2001 (‘On Formalism and Pictorial Organisation’), plus substantial new material. The whole is reproduced here (we’ve followed Wollheim in referring to them as ‘Lectures’). Together with works of the first kind, along with his works of 1974, 1980, 1986, and 1994, we are thus provided with a complete collection of Wollheim’s works in the philosophy of art.
Pictorial Form and Pictorial Organization
Authors: Wollheim Richard
Published: January 2025

Since at least Kant, the allure of Formalism as an explanation of the peculiar value of the plastic arts is undeniable, all the more so in the past 150 years, with the rise of Abstraction. Wölfflin’s name will readily come to mind in the studies of Western figurative art. But especially important to Wollheim, for his explicit identification of form as the chief value in figurative art, was Roger Fry. Lectures I and III are critical of the philosophical idea of Formalism in painting. By contrast Lecture II is a positive exploration of the more general, looser idea of Pictorial ‘Organization’—introduced in the second half of Lecture I—by means of sustained attention to certain paintings by Nicolas Poussin, Jacob van Ruisdael, and Claude Monet. What emerges is that to realize the value of pictorial organization, we must take into account the artist’s intention; when we do, we find a certain interpenetration of ‘good organization’ with other values and desires, from sensual and tactile (Monet) to a vaguer and more rarefied interest in the human place in nature (Poussin).
Aesthetics, Anthropology and Style: Some Programmatic Remarks (1978)
Authors: Wollheim Richard
Published: January 2025

The production, perception, assessment of works of art involve distinctive yet fundamentally related evaluative contexts. The nature of these activities depends on the complexities of historical conditions, hence the mutual contribution of aesthetics and anthropology. This interdisciplinary relation veers one way or the other depending on methodological requirements. A transparently evident case is the case of the ‘transcultural object’, that is, a work of art from an ‘anthropological culture’. Two further points deepen the inquiry. First, given that ‘art [ ... ] is an essentially historical phenomenon’, we are at once addressing the past art of our own culture; and second, there is no genuine understanding of art without the imposition of style. Yet ‘style-description’, the criteria used by art historians to situate artworks within specific periods and territories, produces only a ‘taxonomic view’—a creation of critics or historians for their own purposes, which is hopeless: an artist need not be affected in any way by style in that sense. What is wanted is a ‘generative’ notion of style: a psychologically real, grammar-like method implicit in the working of an artist.
The Image in Form
Authors: Wollheim Richard
Published: January 2025

In 1972, Richard Wollheim edited a volume of writings by Adrian Stokes (1902–1972), with whom he had a lifelong intellectual engagement. The importance to Wollheim of Stokes’s critical method was such that he dedicated his seminal Art and its Objects (1968) to the British art critic. This volume and its introduction are useful reminders of the artistic and intellectual sensitivity of the often difficult but nonetheless inspiring studies of this art critic. Wollheim refers to no fewer than 11 books authored by Stokes; they are bounded together, according to Wollheim, by a commitment to articulate, in Stokes’s inimitably personal style, what it is about art that makes it figure so profoundly in our lives. Stone’s discovery of Freud’s psychoanalysis, and then the contributions of Melanie Klein (see the previous article on Stokes in this volume), had the character of making explicit what was perhaps only implicit in the views of one who took as his starting point his ‘love of stone’. The connection of psychoanalysis to the question of the value art is a constant in Wollheim’s work, and Stokes was a seminal influence.
Walter Pater
Authors: Wollheim Richard
Published: January 2025

Walter Pater (1839–1894) is popularly known, along with his famous supporter Oscar Wilde (1854–1900), as a card-carrying Aesthete, as one for whom Beauty is paramount, for whom the main thing in life is to ‘burn always with this hard, gem-like flame, to maintain this ecstasy’. Wollheim assembles an extensive case for a quite different diagnosis. Pater’s verdict on critical theory and philosophy—in particular the systems of metaphysics from Plato to Hegel—is that it is in general too speculative to win belief. What it shows, in one who does go in for it, is rather the person’s subjective temperament. This goes as well for the philosophical thesis of Aestheticism. Wollheim argues further that ‘beauty’ in Pater’s case means ‘expression’—which, for a person who did not live to see the art of the twentieth century, was a plausible line to take.
Sociological Explanations of the Arts (1956)
Authors: Wollheim Richard
Published: January 2025

Sociological explanations of the arts seem to encounter difficulties if we take seriously the notion of explanation; they run afoul of basic Humeanism or statistical models of causation. This being from 1956—when Wollheim was in his early 30s and had so far made a name for himself primarily as political philosopher—one could well be surprised at the idea that is hinted at here, one that importantly emerges in the conclusion of his Painting as an Art of 1986: that the value of art should be conceived in terms of human psychology (Freudian psychology, it will transpire in the years to follow). Notice also Wollheim’s notion of ‘seeing-in’ in the second paragraph of section 2 (though it may not have been expressive of any serious commitment at this stage). Wollheim’s prodigious reading is well displayed, not least in the copious footnotes.
On Expression and Expressionism (1964)
Authors: Wollheim Richard
Published: January 2025

An article that begins by considering a largely forgotten book by Marion Milner (1900–1998), On Not Being Able to Paint (1957). It is most instructive to see Wollheim at work on what would prove to be for him one of the most vital, difficult, and enduring issues. He discusses Ernst Gombrich (1909–2001)—critically—and (very briefly and you might say dismissively) Susanne Langer (1895–1985). At the end of detailed argumentation in which the weaknesses of Gombrich’s view is laid bare, as well as those of some views which are commonly, not to say naïvely held, he stresses, with a nod to Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951), ‘the extreme intimacy of the connection between an emotional state and the natural process of expressing it [e.g. crying being expressive of sadness]: an intimacy we might characterise by saying that there is no gap.’ This is the basis of the view he would elaborate more substantially in later writings.
Neurosis and the Artist (1975)
Authors: Wollheim Richard
Published: January 2025

Is art the result of neurosis? Wollheim’s ‘Neurosis and the Artist’ is a criticism of this thesis. He was an expert on Sigmund Freud (1856–1939). The notion that Freud associated creativity with neurosis emerges from a range of misinterpretations of his seminal ‘Creative Writers and Day Dreaming’. For Freud, neurosis is a condition that does not spare any of us. The difference is in degrees of intensity. Neurosis tends away from reality, art moves towards it. Further Wollheim challenges the widely promoted idea of art as a therapeutic way out of neurosis. The problem is that art-therapy lacks a serious account of art, thus rendering insubstantial the theory that art and neurosis are intimately related; it ‘lacks any clear or principled conception of the means that it advocates. What art is goes by default.’ Nor can art be ‘learned’ mechanically. Wollheim considers the remarks of Yvor Winter (1900–1968) on Macbeth’s final speech, in which Winter argues that its unsuccessful poetry mirrors the protagonist’s madness. Again, the parallel is facile, assuming that the ‘correspondences between mental state and aesthetic form can be mechanically stated’.