bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Length of urban residence and obesity among within-country rural-to-urban Andean migrants
Authors: Antiporta Daniel A , Smeeth Liam , Gilman Robert H , Miranda J Jaime
Published: September 2015

Objective

To evaluate the association between length of residence in an urban area and obesity among Peruvian rural-to-urban migrants.

Design

Cross-sectional database analysis of the migrant group from the PERU MIGRANT Study (2007). Exposure was length of urban residence, analysed as both a continuous (10-year units) and a categorical variable. Four skinfold site measurements (biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac) were used to calculate body fat percentage and obesity (body fat percentage >25% males, >33% females). We used Poisson generalized linear models to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios and 95 % confidence intervals. Multicollinearity between age and length of urban residence was assessed using conditional numbers and correlation tests.

Setting

A peri-urban shantytown in the south of Lima, Peru.

Subjects

Rural-to-urban migrants (n 526) living in Lima.

Results

Multivariable analyses showed that for each 10-year unit increase in residence in an urban area, rural-to-urban migrants had, on average, a 12 % (95 % CI 6, 18 %) higher prevalence of obesity. This association was also present when length of urban residence was analysed in categories. Sensitivity analyses, conducted with non-migrant groups, showed no evidence of an association between 10-year age units and obesity in rural (P=0·159) or urban populations (P=0·078). High correlation and a large conditional number between age and length of urban residence were found, suggesting a strong collinearity between both variables.

Conclusions

Longer lengths of urban residence are related to increased obesity in rural-to-urban migrant populations; therefore, interventions to prevent obesity in urban areas may benefit from targeting migrant groups.
Comprehensive Comparison of Various Techniques for the Analysis of Elemental Distributions in Thin Films: Additional Techniques
Authors: Abou-Ras Daniel , Caballero Raquel , Streeck Cornelia , Beckhoff Burkhard , In Jung-Hwan , Jeong Sungho
Published: September 2015

In a recent publication by Abou-Ras et al., various techniques for the analysis of elemental distribution in thin films were compared, using the example of a 2-µm thick Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film applied as an absorber material in a solar cell. The authors of this work found that similar relative Ga distributions perpendicular to the substrate across the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film were determined by 18 different techniques, applied on samples from the same identical deposition run. Their spatial and depth resolutions, their measuring speeds, their availabilities, as well as their detection limits were discussed. The present work adds two further techniques to this comparison: laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and grazing-incidence X-ray fluorescence analysis.
HOW NOT TO ACCUSE SOMEONE OF PREJUDICE
Authors: Westacott Emrys
Published: September 2015

In discussions of racism, sexism, and other forms of prejudice, two kinds of fallacious reasoning sometimes appear: the ‘appeal to subjective response’ and the ‘accusation of privilege’. The first fallacy treats someone's subjective response to a comment as sufficient evidence of prejudice or insensitivity. This fails to acknowledge that the reasonableness of the response is always an open question. The second fallacy involves dismissing what people accused of prejudice say in their defence on the grounds that the privileged always speak that way. This insultingly treats what is said as an effect of causes rather than the result of rational reflection. Both forms of specious reasoning risk bringing the worthy cause of combatting prejudice into disrepute.
PAINISM DEFENDED
Authors: Ryder Richard D.
Published: September 2015

In a previous essay (in THINK 21), Richard Ryder argued against Utilitarianism's aggregation of pains across individuals. He continues this argument and rebuts several criticisms of his moral theory of painism. Painism not only rejects the aggregation of pains across individuals, it also questions the trade-off of pains against pleasures.
Heterogeneity and law: toward a cognitive legal theory
Authors: AMBROSINO ANGELA
Published: September 2015

Since the 1990s, Sunstein, Jolls, and Thaler have questioned the perfect rationality assumption in law and economics (L&E) and introduced a behavioral approach. But Gregory Mitchell has criticized behavioral law and economics (BL&E). He argues that much of the scholarship within the field describes psychological research as if it provides general laws of thought and behavior rather than insights conditional on the setting, on the characteristics of subjects, and on the specificity of the task in hand. Human heterogeneity is not adequately included in models developed under behavioral assumptions of this kind. This paper argues that Mitchell's work contributes to develop a cognitive approach to Law closer to the cognitive theory of institutions and to the Original Institutional Economics (OIE). Mitchell's contextualist approach seeks to identify the specific conditions under which irrational behavior occurs and to understand when and how it can be remedied.
Does Employee Recognition Affect Positive Psychological Functioning and Well-Being?
Authors: Merino Mª Dolores , Privado Jesús
Published: September 2015

Employee recognition is one of the typical characteristics of healthy organizations. The majority of research on recognition has studied the consequences of this variable on workers. But few investigations have focused on understanding what mechanisms mediate between recognition and its consequences. This work aims to understand whether the relationship between employee recognition and well-being, psychological resources mediate. To answer this question a sample of 1831 workers was used. The variables measured were: employee recognition, subjective well-being and positive psychological functioning (PPF), which consists of 11 psychological resources. In the analysis of data, structural equation models were applied. The results confirmed our hypothesis and showed that PPF mediate the relationship between recognition and well-being. The effect of recognition over PPF is two times greater (.39) with peer-recognition than with supervisor-recognition (.20), and, the effect of PPF over well-being is .59. This study highlights the importance of promoting employee recognition policies in organizations for the impact it has, not only on well-being, but also on the positive psychological functioning of the workers.
RNA regulatory networks diversified through curvature of the PUF protein scaffold
Authors: Wilinski Daniel , Qiu Chen , Lapointe Christopher P. , Nevil Markus , Campbell Zachary T. , Tanaka Hall Traci M. , Wickens Marvin
Published: September 2015

Proteins bind and control mRNAs, directing their localization, translation and stability. Members of the PUF family of RNA-binding proteins control multiple mRNAs in a single cell, and play key roles in development, stem cell maintenance and memory formation. Here we identified the mRNA targets of a S. cerevisiae PUF protein, Puf5p, by ultraviolet-crosslinking-affinity purification and high-throughput sequencing (HITS-CLIP). The binding sites recognized by Puf5p are diverse, with variable spacer lengths between two specific sequences. Each length of site correlates with a distinct biological function. Crystal structures of Puf5p–RNA complexes reveal that the protein scaffold presents an exceptionally flat and extended interaction surface relative to other PUF proteins. In complexes with RNAs of different lengths, the protein is unchanged. A single PUF protein repeat is sufficient to induce broadening of specificity. Changes in protein architecture, such as alterations in curvature, may lead to evolution of mRNA regulatory networks.
The proteome of mouse vestibular hair bundles over development
Authors: Krey Jocelyn F. , Sherman Nicholas E. , Jeffery Erin D , Choi Dongseok , Barr-Gillespie Peter G.
Published: September 2015

Development of the vertebrate hair bundle is a precisely orchestrated event that culminates in production of a tightly ordered arrangement of actin-rich stereocilia and a single axonemal kinocilium. To understand how the protein composition of the bundle changes during development, we isolated bundles from young (postnatal days P4-P6) and mature (P21-P25) mouse utricles using the twist-off method, then characterized their constituent proteins using liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with data-dependent acquisition. Using MaxQuant and label-free quantitation, we measured relative abundances of proteins in both bundles and in the whole utricle; comparison of protein abundance between the two fractions allows calculation of enrichment in bundles. These data, which are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002167, will be useful for examining the proteins present in mammalian vestibular bundles and how their concentrations change over development.
High e+/e− Ratio Dense Pair Creation with 1021W.cm−2 Laser Irradiating Solid Targets
Authors: Liang E. , Clarke T. , Henderson A. , Fu W. , Lo W. , Taylor D. , Chaguine P. , Zhou S. , Hua Y. , Cen X. , Wang X. , Kao J. , Hasson H. , Dyer G. , Serratto K. , Riley N. , Donovan M. , Ditmire T.
Published: September 2015

We report results of new pair creation experiments using ~100 Joule pulses of the Texas Petawatt Laser to irradiate solid gold and platinum targets, with intensities up to ~1.9 × 1021 W.cm−2 and pulse durations as short as ~130 fs. Positron to electron (e+/e−) ratios >15% were observed for many thick disk and rod targets, with the highest e+/e− ratio reaching ~50% for a Pt rod. The inferred pair yield was ~ few ×1010 with emerging pair density reaching ~1015/cm3 so that the pair skin depth becomes < pair jet transverse size. These results represent major milestones towards the goal of creating a significant quantity of dense pair-dominated plasmas with e+/e− approaching 100% and pair skin depth ≪ pair plasma size, which will have wide-ranging applications to astrophysics and fundamental physics.
A spheroid toxicity assay using magnetic 3D bioprinting and real-time mobile device-based imaging
Authors: Tseng Hubert , Gage Jacob A. , Shen Tsaiwei , Haisler William L. , Neeley Shane K. , Shiao Sue , Chen Jianbo , Desai Pujan K. , Liao Angela , Hebel Chris , Raphael Robert M. , Becker Jeanne L. , Souza Glauco R.
Published: September 2015

An ongoing challenge in biomedical research is the search for simple, yet robust assays using 3D cell cultures for toxicity screening. This study addresses that challenge with a novel spheroid assay, wherein spheroids, formed by magnetic 3D bioprinting, contract immediately as cells rearrange and compact the spheroid in relation to viability and cytoskeletal organization. Thus, spheroid size can be used as a simple metric for toxicity. The goal of this study was to validate spheroid contraction as a cytotoxic endpoint using 3T3 fibroblasts in response to 5 toxic compounds (all-trans retinoic acid, dexamethasone, doxorubicin, 5′-fluorouracil, forskolin), sodium dodecyl sulfate (+control) and penicillin-G (−control). Real-time imaging was performed with a mobile device to increase throughput and efficiency. All compounds but penicillin-G significantly slowed contraction in a dose-dependent manner (Z’ = 0.88). Cells in 3D were more resistant to toxicity than cells in 2D, whose toxicity was measured by the MTT assay. Fluorescent staining and gene expression profiling of spheroids confirmed these findings. The results of this study validate spheroid contraction within this assay as an easy, biologically relevant endpoint for high-throughput compound screening in representative 3D environments.
Experimental evaluation of the zoonotic infection potency of simian retrovirus type 4 using humanized mouse model
Authors: Sato Kei , Kobayashi Tomoko , Misawa Naoko , Yoshikawa Rokusuke , Takeuchi Junko S. , Miura Tomoyuki , Okamoto Munehiro , Yasunaga Jun-ichirou , Matsuoka Masao , Ito Mamoru , Miyazawa Takayuki , Koyanagi Yoshio
Published: September 2015

During 2001-2002 and 2008-2011, two epidemic outbreaks of infectious hemorrhagic disease have been found in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in Kyoto University Primate Research Institute, Japan. Following investigations revealed that the causative agent was simian retrovirus type 4 (SRV-4). SRV-4 was isolated by using human cell lines, which indicates that human cells are potently susceptible to SRV-4 infection. These raise a possibility of zoonotic infection of pathogenic SRV-4 from Japanese macaques into humans. To explore the possibility of zoonotic infection of SRV-4 to humans, here we use a human hematopoietic stem cell-transplanted humanized mouse model. Eight out of the twelve SRV-4-inoculated humanized mice were infected with SRV-4. Importantly, 3 out of the 8 infected mice exhibited anemia and hemophagocytosis and an infected mouse died. To address the possibility that SRV-4 adapts humanized mouse and acquires higher pathogenicity, the virus was isolated from an infected mice exhibited severe anemia was further inoculated into another 6 humanized mice. However, no infected mice exhibited any illness. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the zoonotic SRV-4 infection from Japanese macaques to humans is technically possible under experimental condition. However, such zoonotic infection may not occur in the real society.
Genetic variants of the autophagy pathway as prognostic indicators for prostate cancer
Authors: Huang Chao-Yuan , Huang Shu-Pin , Lin Victor C. , Yu Chia-Cheng , Chang Ta-Yuan , Lu Te-Ling , Chiang Hung-Chih , Bao Bo-Ying
Published: September 2015

Autophagy is a complex process of autodigestion in conditions of cellular stress and it might play an important role in the pathophysiology during carcinogenesis. We hypothesize that genetic variants of the autophagy pathway may influence clinical outcomes in prostate cancer patients. We genotyped 40 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 7 core autophagy pathway genes in 458 localized prostate cancer patients. Multivariate Cox regression was performed to evaluate the independent association of each SNP with disease progression. Positive findings were then replicated in an independent cohort of 504 advanced prostate cancer patients. After adjusting for known clinicopathologic factors, the association between ATG16L1 rs78835907 and recurrence in localized disease [hazard ratio (HR) 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54–0.90, P = 0.006] was replicated in more advanced disease (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64–0.95, P = 0.014). Additional integrated in silico analysis suggests that rs78835907 tends to affect ATG16L1 expression, which in turn is correlated with tumor aggressiveness and patient prognosis. In conclusion, genetic variants of the autophagy pathway contribute to the variable outcomes in prostate cancer and discovery of these novel biomarkers might help stratify patients according to their risk of disease progression.
GPR120: A bi-potential mediator to modulate the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMMSCs
Authors: Gao Bo , Huang Qiang , Jie Qiang , Lu Wei-Guang , Wang Long , Li Xiao-Jie , Sun Zhen , Hu Ya-Qian , Chen Li , Liu Bao-Hua , Liu Jian , Yang Liu , Luo Zhuo-Jing
Published: September 2015

Free fatty acids display diverse effects as signalling molecules through GPCRs in addition to their involvement in cellular metabolism. GPR120, a G protein-coupled receptor for long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, has been reported to mediate adipogenesis in lipid metabolism. However, whether GPR120 also mediates osteogenesis and regulates BMMSCs remain unclear. In this study, we showed that GPR120 targeted the bi-potential differentiation of BMMSCs in a ligand dose-dependent manner. High concentrations of TUG-891 (a highly selective agonist of GPR120) promoted osteogenesis via the Ras-ERK1/2 cascade, while low concentrations elevated P38 and increased adipogenesis. The fine molecular regulation of GPR120 was implemented by up-regulating different integrin subunits (α1, α2 and β1; α5 and β3). The administration of high doses of TUG-891 rescued oestrogen-deficient bone loss in vivo, further supporting an essential role of GPR120 in bone metabolism. Our findings, for the first time, showed that GPR120-mediated cellular signalling determines the bi-potential differentiation of BMMSCs in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the induction of different integrin subunits was involved in the cytoplasmic regulation of a seesaw-like balance between ERK and p38 phosphorylation. These findings provide new hope for developing novel remedies to treat osteoporosis by adjusting the GPR120-mediated differentiation balance of BMMSCs.
Two-dimensional topological insulators with tunable band gaps: Single-layer HgTe and HgSe
Authors: Li Jin , He Chaoyu , Meng Lijun , Xiao Huaping , Tang Chao , Wei Xiaolin , Kim Jinwoong , Kioussis Nicholas , Malcolm Stocks G. , Zhong Jianxin
Published: September 2015

Two-dimensional (2D) topological insulators (TIs) with large band gaps are of great importance for the future applications of quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect. Employing ab initio electronic calculations we propose a novel type of 2D topological insulators, the monolayer (ML) low-buckled (LB) mercury telluride (HgTe) and mercury selenide (HgSe), with tunable band gap. We demonstrate that LB HgTe (HgSe) monolayers undergo a trivial insulator to topological insulator transition under in-plane tensile strain of 2.6% (3.1%) due to the combination of the strain and the spin orbital coupling (SOC) effects. Furthermore, the band gaps can be tuned up to large values (0.2 eV for HgTe and 0.05 eV for HgSe) by tensile strain, which far exceed those of current experimentally realized 2D quantum spin Hall insulators. Our results suggest a new type of material suitable for practical applications of 2D TI at room-temperature.
DNA polygonal cavities with tunable shapes and sizes
Authors: Sun Sha , Wang Mingyang , Zhang Feifei , Zhu Jin
Published: September 2015

A new and simple angle control strategy to construct shape- and size-tunable DNA polygonal cavities was developed.
A hierarchical rippled and crumpled PLA microstructure generated through double emulsion: the interesting roles of Pickering nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Runrun , Pan Jianming , Dai Xiaohui , Qiu Dong , Zhu Hengjia , Ma Yue , Shi Weidong , Yan Yongsheng
Published: September 2015

The delicate roles of Pickering nanoparticles for the in situ creation of hierarchical rippled and crumpled textures upon biomedical polymers were uncovered and demonstrated.
A series of homonuclear lanthanide coordination polymers based on a fluorescent conjugated ligand: syntheses, luminescence and sensor for pollutant chromate anion
Authors: Feng Xun , Li Rongfang , Wang Liya , Ng Seik Weng , Qin Guozhan , Ma Lufang
Published: September 2015

Series of homonuclear lanthanide coordination polymers incorporating conjugated ligand have been fabricated successfully and characterized systematically.
Functionalising metal–organic frameworks with metal complexes: the role of structural dynamics
Authors: Platero-Prats Ana E. , Bermejo Gómez Antonio , Chapman Karena W. , Martín-Matute Belén , Zou Xiaodong
Published: September 2015

The impact of dynamics in the functionalisation of metal–organic framework UiO-67 with an Ir-complex has been studied. Highly functionalised Ir-UiO-67 can be only trapped as kinetic products, which lose metals and exchange species to gain stability.
The effect of substrate and external strain on electronic structures of stanene film
Authors: Wang Dongchao , Chen Li , Wang Xiaoli , Cui Guangliang , Zhang Pinhua
Published: September 2015

We systematically studied the effect of h-BN and AlN substrates on the electronic properties of stanene with different strains utilizing first-principles calculations.
Sol–gel transition accelerated by the co-assembly of two components in supramolecular hydrogels
Authors: Matsumoto Keigo , Shundo Atsuomi , Ohno Masashi , Saruhashi Kowichiro , Miyachi Nobuhide , Tsuruzoe Nobutomo , Tanaka Keiji
Published: September 2015

N-Palmitoyl-Gly-His (PalGH) and glycerol monopalmitate (GMP) in water co-assembled into fibrils with twisted ribbon structures and formed a homogeneous network, resulting in gel formation. The mixture exhibits sol–gel transition while a gel made from only PalGH does not.
Disulfuric acid dissociated by two water molecules: ab initio and density functional theory calculations
Authors: Kim Seong Kyu , Myoung Lee Han , Kim Kwang S.
Published: September 2015

Superacid H2S2O7, attributed to its S–O–S torsional flexibility for many sulfone groups, is deprotonated by two water molecules, which sets a new record for the fewest number of water molecules to induce dissociation of acids.
Reusable manganese compounds containing pyrazole-based ligands for olefin epoxidation reactions
Authors: Manrique Ester , Poater Albert , Fontrodona Xavier , Solà Miquel , Rodríguez Montserrat , Romero Isabel
Published: September 2015

New robust and effective Mn-pyrazolyl catalysts for olefin epoxidation in [bmim]PF6 : CH3CN, with good activity even after several reuses, are described. The cis → trans isomerization in the epoxidation of cis-β-methylstyrene is confirmed through computational calculations.
Enhanced tunability afforded by aqueous biphasic systems formed by fluorinated ionic liquids and carbohydrates
Authors: Ferreira Ana M. , Esteves Pedro D. O. , Boal-Palheiros Isabel , Pereiro Ana B. , Rebelo Luís Paulo N. , Freire Mara G.
Published: September 2015

Aqueous biphasic systems formed by fluorinated ionic liquids and carbohydrates are more amenable to be tunned.
Deformation of double emulsions under conditions of flow cytometry hydrodynamic focusing
Authors: Ma Shaohua , Huck Wilhelm T. S. , Balabani Stavroula
Published: September 2015

A droplet-based microfluidics model to study deformation of double emulsions under conditions of flow cytometry hydrodynamic focusing.
Two reversible transformable mercury(ii) coordination polymers as efficient adsorbents for removal of dibenzothiophene
Authors: Hou Yong , Masoomi Mohammad Yaser , Bagheri Minoo , Morsali Ali , Joo Sang Woo
Published: September 2015

Three new compounds of Hg(ii) have been synthesized, [Hg(quinoxaline)2(NO2)2] (1), [Hg3(μ-quinoxaline)2(μ-SCN)6]n (2) and [Hg(μ-quinoxaline)(μ-CN)2]n (3) through the reaction between a quinoxaline ligand and mercury(ii) salts.
Mechanoluminescence and thermoluminescence characterization of Tb3+doped CaAl2O4: a theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Satapathy K. K. , Mishra G. C. , Kher R. S. , Dhoble S. J.
Published: September 2015

Mechanoluminescence and thermoluminescence of Tb in CaAl2O4prepared by a solution combustion method has been reported.
The defect nature of photoluminescence from a porous silicon nanowire array
Authors: Yu Qianqian , He Haiping , Gan Lu , Ye Zhizhen
Published: September 2015

The orange luminescence in porous Si nanowires prepared by metal-assisted etching is of defect nature and can be assigned to donor–acceptor pair (DAP)-like recombination.
The effect of hard block content on the orientation and mechanical properties of olefin block copolymer films as obtainedviamelt stretching
Authors: Zhao Yongsheng , Zhu Yanling , Sui Guopeng , Chen Feng , Zhang Qin , Fu Qiang
Published: September 2015

In this study, the orientation, structure and mechanical performance of a series of uniaxially oriented films based on olefin block copolymers (OBC) have been investigated in terms of the differences in hard block content and draw ratio (DR).
A simple and reversible fluorescent probe based on NBD for rapid detection of hypochlorite and its application for bioimaging
Authors: Shen Youming , Zhang Xiangyang , Huang Xi , Wen Siyu , Liu Mingdi , Deng Yan , Zhang Youyu , Zhang Chunxiang , Jin Junling , Li Haitao , Yao Shouzhuo
Published: September 2015

A simple and reversible fluorescent probe bearing 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole and a selenomorpholine fragment was designed and synthesized.
A general and green approach to synthesize monodisperse ceria hollow spheres with enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Deng Weijun , Chen Donghui , Hu Jing , Chen Liang
Published: September 2015

We report a general and green approach to synthesize monodisperse ceria hollow spheres with tunable shell structure.
Catalytic behaviour of TiO2–ZrO2 binary oxide synthesized by sol–gel process for glucose conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Atanda Luqman , Silahua Adib , Mukundan Swathi , Shrotri Abhijit , Torres-Torres Gilberto , Beltramini Jorge
Published: September 2015

A combination of TiO2–ZrO2 and Amberlyst 70 remarkably catalyzes glucose conversion to HMF in a biphasic media.
Influence of electronic vs. steric factors on the solid-state photochromic performances of new polyoxometalate/spirooxazine and spiropyran hybrid materials
Authors: Menet Clotilde , Serier-Brault Hélène , Oms Olivier , Dolbecq Anne , Marrot Jérôme , Saad Ali , Mialane Pierre , Jobic Stéphane , Deniard Philippe , Dessapt Rémi
Published: September 2015

New supramolecular spirooxazine and spiropyran/polyoxotungstate materials have been designed. Their solid-state photochromic performances are strongly exalted compared to their isostructural Mo counterparts due to a more favorable electronic effect.
Polyaniline and iron based catalysts as air cathodes for enhanced oxygen reduction in microbial fuel cells
Authors: Tang Xinhua , Li Haoran , Du Zhuwei , Ng How Yong
Published: September 2015

Iron–nitrogen–carbon catalysts exhibited very high catalytic activity towards ORR and significantly enhanced power production in MFCs.
Ladder-type tetra-p-phenylene-based copolymers for efficient polymer solar cells with open-circuit voltages approaching 1.1 V
Authors: Wang Meng , Qin Hao , Wang Lixin , Wei Jiajun , Cai Dongdong , Yin Zhigang , Ma Yunlong , Chen Shan-Ci , Tang Changquan , Zheng Qingdong
Published: September 2015

Side-chain engineering on the polymer backbone of ladder-type tetra-p-phenylene-based copolymers leads to polymer solar cells with high open circuit voltages.
Impact of lithium excess on the structural and electrochemical properties of the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4high-voltage cathode material
Authors: Deng Yu-Feng , Zhao Shi-Xi , Zhai Peng-Yuan , Cao Guozhong , Nan Ce-Wen
Published: September 2015

Li1+xNi0.5−xMn1.5O4, madeviaa novel one-step co-precipitation route, undergoes a disordered-to-ordered phase change. Transition metal ions in tetrahedral sites could influence the performance more than the cationic ordering in octahedral sites does.
Photonic transport in a graphene van der Waals homojunction
Authors: Shen Lian , Lin Xiao , Zhang Runren , Liu Xu , Lin Shisheng , Chen Hongsheng
Published: September 2015

A flexible graphene van der Waals homojunction for near-field optical imaging is achieved in ultraviolet spectrum.
Liquid-phase deposition of ferroelectrically switchable nanoparticle-based BaTiO3 films of macroscopically controlled thickness
Authors: Erdem D. , Shi Y. , Heiligtag F. J. , Kandemir A. C. , Tervoort E. , Rupp J. L. M. , Niederberger M.
Published: September 2015

Films of controlled thicknesses and with ferroelectric properties were fabricated from BaTiO3 nanoparticle dispersions by liquid-phase deposition.
Comparaison des mensurations d’arcades selon le caractère
obstructif des amygdales palatines
Authors: Diouf Joseph Samba , Touré Bécaye , Sonko Ousmane , Badiane Alpha , Diop-Bâ Khady , Ngom Papa Ibrahima , Diagne Falou
Published: September 2015

Introduction : Le rôle des amygdales palatines obstructives dans la genèse des anomalies des relations des arcades dentaires est largement évoqué dans la littérature orthodontique mais reste controversé. Les données fournies sur la probable relation entre l’hypertrophie des amygdales et l’existence de ces anomalies sont subjectives. L’objectif de cette étude est de rechercher une association entre les amygdales palatines obstructives et des anomalies des relations d’arcades. Matériels et méthodes : Il s’agit d’une étude transversale réalisée chez des enfants âgés entre 6 et 12 ans. Les sujets sont divisés en deux groupes (A et B) selon le caractère obstructif des amygdales palatines. Sur chaque enfant, des mensurations intra- et inter-arcades ont été réalisées. Un test t et un chi2 ont respectivement été réalisés pour comparer les variables quantitatives et qualitatives selon le caractère obstructif des amygdales. Lorsque le nombre de cas était faible, le chi2 a été remplacé par le test exact de Fisher. La signification est fixée à p = 0,05. Résultats : La profondeur d’arcade est significativement plus marquée dans le groupe B. Le groupe A présente les plus grands diamètres transversaux d’arcades. Le groupe B a significativement tendance aux rapports molaires de classe II, à l’infraclusion antérieure et à une occlusion croisée postérieure avec une latéro-déviation mandibulaire. Conclusion : Une évaluation précoce des enfants présentant une hypertrophie des amygdales permettrait de prévenir les effets sur les arcades dentaires. Ainsi, seront évités les traitements tardifs et plus agressifs qui ne sont pas toujours aussi efficients que lorsqu’ils sont effectués pendant l’enfance.
Innovations dans le diagnostic et le traitement d’un cas de défaut primaire d’éruption lié à une mutation du gène PTHR1
Authors: Raberin Monique , Diesmusch Caroline , Cordier Marie-Pierre , Farges Jean-Christophe
Published: September 2015

Le défaut primaire d’éruption est une anomalie peu fréquente qui se traduit par un blocage d’éruption des dents postérieures en relation avec la mutation d’un gène déterminant pour l’éruption dentaire. Il peut être aujourd’hui dépisté précocement à l’aide de méthodes d’imagerie 3D innovantes et confirmé par des examens génétiques et histologiques qui permettent de valider le diagnostic et de préciser le pronostic défavorable. La surveillance de la croissance alvéolaire des autres secteurs sera privilégiée afin d’éviter l’installation d’une asymétrie structurale et fonctionnelle. Une analyse des possibilités diagnostiques et thérapeutiques à l’aide d’ancrages osseux est réalisée à travers le suivi à long terme d’une patiente présentant un défaut primaire d’éruption lié à une mutation du gène PTHR1.
Brackets et frottement en orthodonti : étude expérimentale
Authors: Ben Rejeb Jdir Saloua , Tobji Samir , Turki Wiem , Dallel Ines , Khedher Nedra , Ben Amor Adel
Published: September 2015

De nombreux auteurs se sont intéressés au perfectionnement des brackets dans un souci d’améliorer la qualité, la stabilité, la rapidité et l’efficacité du traitement orthodontique. Dans le but de diminuer la friction entre le bracket et l’arc, de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques, basées sur de nouveaux moyens technologiques, ont été créées. Parmi ces nouvelles techniques, les brackets auto-ligaturants sont en plein essor. Ils peuvent être classés en plusieurs groupes en fonction de leur mode d’action et de leurs constituants. À travers une étude expérimentale, nous avons comparé les forces de frottement générées lors du glissement des arcs orthodontiques de divers alliages dans des brackets conventionnels et auto-ligaturants. Les résultats mettent en évidence une influence favorable de ces derniers, par rapport aux systèmes classiques associés à des ligatures élastomériques ou métalliques, sur le niveau des forces de frottement et en particulier en cas d’utilisation des arcs à mémoire de forme en Ni-Ti.
Photo enhancement of spontaneous polarization in ferroelectric liquid crystal doped with azo-molecules
Authors: Boussoualem Y. , Ismaili M. , Daoudi A.
Published: September 2015

The trans-cis photo-isomerization effect on properties of a ferroelectric liquid crystal doped with photo-active azobenzene molecules is investigated by optical and spontaneous polarization measurements. The results show that the photo-isomerization of azobenzene molecules produces changes on structural as well as ferroelectric properties of the SmC* phase. An increase in the spontaneous polarization under UV light is observed, in contrast with the commonly photo-induced effect reported in ferroelectric liquid crystals doped with photosensitive molecules where the spontaneous polarization reduces under UV light. According to our results, the photo isomerization is accompanied by a significant change in the transverse dipole moment of azo-molecules, which contributes to increase PS.
On the inhomogeneous fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Hayashi Nakao , Naumkin Pavel I.
Published: September 2015

We consider the Cauchy problem for the inhomogeneous fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equations. We find the large time asymptotics of solutions to the Cauchy problem. We use the factorization technique similar to that developed for the Schrödinger equation.
Kilohertz generation of high contrast polarization states for visible femtosecond pulses via phase-locked acousto-optic pulse shapers
Authors: Seiler Hélène , Walsh Brenna , Palato Samuel , Thai Alexandre , Crozatier Vincent , Forget Nicolas , Kambhampati Patanjali
Published: September 2015

We present a detailed analysis of a setup capable of arbitrary amplitude, phase, and polarization shaping of broadband visible femtosecond pulses at 1 kHz via a pair of actively phase stabilized acousto-optic programmable dispersive filters arranged in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer geometry. The setup features phase stability values around λ/225 at 580 nm as well as degrees of polarization of at least 0.9 for any polarization state. Both numbers are important metrics to evaluate a setup's potential for applications based on polarization-shaped femtosecond pulses, such as fully coherent multi-dimensional electronic spectroscopy.
Vapor phase tri-methyl-indium seeding system suitable for high temperature spectroscopy and thermometry
Authors: Whiddon R. , Zhou B. , Borggren J. , Aldén M. , Li Z. S.
Published: September 2015

Tri-methyl-indium (TMI) is used as an indium transport molecule to introduce indium atoms to reactive hot gas flows/combustion environments for spectroscopic diagnostics. A seeding system was constructed to allow the addition of an inert TMI laden carrier gas into an air/fuel mixture burning consequently on a burner. The amount of the seeded TMI in the carrier gas can be readily varied by controlling the vapor pressure through the temperature of the container. The seeding process was calibrated using the fluorescent emission intensity from the indium 62S1/2 → 52P1/2 and 62S1/2 → 52P3/2 transitions as a function of the calculated TMI seeding concentration over a range of 2–45 ppm. The response was found to be linear over the range 3–22.5 ppm; at concentrations above 25 ppm there is a loss of linearity attributable to self-absorption or loss of saturation of TMI vapor pressure in the carrier gas flow. When TMI was introduced into a post-combustion environment via an inert carrier gas, molecular transition from InH and InOH radicals were observed in the flame emission spectrum. Combined laser-induced fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy were applied to detect indium atoms in the TMI seeded flame and the measured atomic indium concentration was found to be at the ppm level. This method of seeding organometallic vapor like TMI to a reactive gas flow demonstrates the feasibility for quantitative spectroscopic investigations that may be applicable in various fields, e.g., chemical vapor deposition applications or temperature measurement in flames with two-line atomic fluorescence.
Does the shock wave in a highly ionized non-isothermal plasma really exist?
Authors: Rukhadze A. A. , Sadykova S. P. , Samkharadze T. G.
Published: September 2015

Here, we study the structure of a highly ionizing shock wave in a gas of high atmospheric pressure. We take into account the gas ionization when the gas temperature reaches few orders above ionization potential. It is shown that after gasdynamic temperature-raising shock and formation of a highly-ionized nonisothermal collisionless plasma Te≫Ti, only the solitary ion-sound wave (soliton) can propagate in this plasma. In such a wave, the charge separation occurs: electrons and ions form the double electric layer with the electric field. The shock wave form, its amplitude, and front width are derived.
A global solution to the Schrödinger equation: From Henstock to Feynman
Authors: Nathanson Ekaterina S. , Jørgensen Palle E. T.
Published: September 2015

One of the key elements of Feynman’s formulation of non-relativistic quantum mechanics is a so-called Feynman path integral. It plays an important role in the theory, but it appears as a postulate based on intuition, rather than a well-defined object. All previous attempts to supply Feynman’s theory with rigorous mathematics underpinning, based on the physical requirements, have not been satisfactory. The difficulty comes from the need to define a measure on the infinite dimensional space of paths and to create an integral that would possess all of the properties requested by Feynman. In the present paper, we consider a new approach to defining the Feynman path integral, based on the theory developed by Muldowney [A Modern Theory of Random Variable: With Applications in Stochastic Calcolus, Financial Mathematics, and Feynman Integration (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New Jersey, 2012)]. Muldowney uses the Henstock integration technique and deals with non-absolute integrability of the Fresnel integrals, in order to obtain a representation of the Feynman path integral as a functional. This approach offers a mathematically rigorous definition supporting Feynman’s intuitive derivations. But in his work, Muldowney gives only local in space-time solutions. A physical solution to the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation must be global, and it must be given in the form of a unitary one-parameter group in L2(ℝn). The purpose of this paper is to show that a system of one-dimensional local Muldowney’s solutions may be extended to yield a global solution. Moreover, the global extension can be represented by a unitary one-parameter group acting in L2(ℝn).
Structure and properties of water film adsorbed on mica surfaces
Authors: Zhao Gutian , Tan Qiyan , Xiang Li , Cai Di , Zeng Hongbo , Yi Hong , Ni Zhonghua , Chen Yunfei
Published: September 2015

The structure profiles and physical properties of the adsorbed water film on a mica surface under conditions with different degrees of relative humidity are investigated by a surface force apparatus. The first layer of the adsorbed water film shows ice-like properties, including a lattice constant similar with ice crystal, a high bearing capacity that can support normal pressure as high as 4 MPa, a creep behavior under the action of even a small normal load, and a character of hydrogen bond. Adjacent to the first layer of the adsorbed water film, the water molecules in the outer layer are liquid-like that can flow freely under the action of external loads. Experimental results demonstrate that the adsorbed water layer makes the mica surface change from hydrophilic to weak hydrophobic. The weak hydrophobic surface may induce the latter adsorbed water molecules to form water islands on a mica sheet.
A remarkable suppression on space charge in isotatic polypropylene by inducing the β-crystal formation
Authors: Wu Yun-Hui , Zha Jun-Wei , Li Wei-Kang , Wang Si-Jiao , Dang Zhi-Min
Published: September 2015

This letter reports a significant suppression on space charge in isotatic polypropylene (iPP) by inducing the growth of β-crystal doped with the nucleating agent N,N′-dicyclohexylterephthalamide (DCTH). The α- and β-crystals in iPP were analyzed, and their effect on space charge and distribution of trap level was studied. Results indicated that the doping of DCTH (0.1 wt. %) had great effect on the formation of the microcrystallite clusters of β-crystal, which makes the fraction of β microcrystallite (βc) markedly an increase from 0% to 83.2% in iPP. Compared to the dispersed microcrystallites of α-crystal, the growth of β-crystal effectively suppressed the space charge accumulation. It would attribute that the deep traps greatly weakened the mobility of charge carrier in iPP material.
Identification of the formation phases of filamentary damage induced by nanosecond laser pulses in bulk fused silica
Authors: Shen Chao , Chambonneau Maxime , Cheng Xiang'ai , Xu Zhongjie , Jiang Tian
Published: September 2015

Employing a pump-probe polarization-based two-frame shadowgraphy setup, the formation of filamentary damage induced in bulk fused silica by a nanosecond pulse at 1064 nm is investigated with a picosecond probe. Three different phases are exhibited in the damage experiments. The first phase is the formation of a micrometric plasma channel along the laser direction during the beginning of the pulse likely caused by multi-photon ionization. This channel exhibits growth during ∼400 ps, and the newly grown plasma is discrete. Then, during the end of the pulse, this channel evolves into a tadpole-like morphology showing an elliptical head upstream the laser flux followed by a thin tail. This observed asymmetry is attributed to shielding effects caused by both the plasma and hot modified silica. Once the damage shows its almost final morphology, a last phase consists in the launch of a pressure wave enlarging it after the laser pulse. The physical mechanisms that might be involved in the formation of plasma channels are discussed. The experimental data are first confronted to the moving breakdown model which overestimates the filamentary damage length. Finally, taking into account the temporal shape of the laser pulses, the coupling between Kerr-induced self-focusing and stimulated Brillouin scattering is discussed to interpret the observations.
Nitrogen termination of single crystal (100) diamond surface by radio frequency N2 plasma process: An in-situ x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and secondary electron emission studies
Authors: Chandran Maneesh , Shasha Michal , Michaelson Shaul , Hoffman Alon
Published: September 2015

In this letter, we report the electronic and chemical properties of nitrogen terminated (N-terminated) single crystal (100) diamond surface, which is a promising candidate for shallow NV− centers. N-termination is realized by an indirect RF nitrogen plasma process without inducing a large density of surface defects. Thermal stability and electronic property of N-terminated diamond surface are systematically investigated under well-controlled conditions by in-situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary electron emission. An increase in the low energy cut-off of the secondary electron energy distribution curve (EDC), with respect to a bare diamond surface, indicates a positive electron affinity of the N-terminated diamond. Exposure to atomic hydrogen results in reorganization of N-terminated diamond to H-terminated diamond, which exhibited a negative electron affinity surface. The change in intensity and spectral features of the secondary electron EDC of the N-terminated diamond is discussed.
Nationalism in the USSR: a historical and comparative perspective
Authors: Shcherbak Andrey
Published: September 2015

The late 1980s and early 1990s were characterized by the sudden rise of nationalist movements in almost all Soviet ethnic regions. It is argued that the rise ofpoliticalnationalism since the late 1980s can be explained by the development ofculturalnationalism in the previous decades, as an unintended outcome of Communist nationalities policy. All ethnic regions are examined throughout the entire history of the USSR (49 regions, 1917–1991), using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. This paper aims to make at least three contributions to the field. First, it is a methodological contribution for studying nationalism: a “quantification of history” approach. Having constructed variables from historical data, I use conventional statistical methods such as SEM. Second, this paper contributes to the theoretical debate about the role of cultural autonomy in multiethnic states. Finally, the paper statistically proves that the break between early Soviet and Stalinist nationalities policy explains the entire Soviet nationalities policy.
Body composition of female road and track endurance cyclists: Normative values and typical changes
Authors: Haakonssen Eric C. , Barras Martin , Burke Louise M. , Jenkins David G. , Martin David T.
Published: September 2015

The aims of this study were to describe normative values and seasonal variation of body composition in female cyclists comparing female road and track endurance cyclists, and to validate the use of anthropometry to monitor lean mass changes. Anthropometric profiles (seven site skinfolds) were measured over 16 years from 126 female cyclists. Lean mass index (LMI) was calculated as body weight × skinfolds−x. The exponent (x) was calculated as the slope of the natural logarithm of body weight and skinfolds. Percentage changes in LMI were compared to lean mass changes measured using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a subset of 25 road cyclists. Compared to sub‐elite and elite cyclists, world class cyclists were (mean [95% CI]) 1.18 kg [0.46, 1.90] and 0.60 kg [0.05, 1.15] lighter and had skinfolds that were 7.4 mm [3.8, 11.0] and 4.6 mm [1.8, 7.4] lower, respectively. Body weight (0.41 kg [0.04, 0.77]) and skinfolds (4.0 mm [2.1, 6.0]) were higher in the off‐season compared to the early‐season. World class female road cyclists had lower body weight (6.04 kg [2.73, 9.35]) and skinfolds (11.5 mm [1.1, 21.9]) than track endurance cyclists. LMI (mean exponent 0.15 [0.13, 0.18]) explained 87% of the variance in DXA lean mass. In conclusion, higher performing female cyclists were lighter and leaner than their less successful peers, road cyclists were lighter and leaner than track endurance cyclists, and weight and skinfolds were lowest early in the season. LMI appears to be a reasonably valid tool for monitoring lean mass changes.
ER–mitochondrial junctions can be bypassed by dominant mutations in the endosomal protein Vps13
Authors: Lang Alexander B. , Peter Arun T. John , Walter Peter , Kornmann Benoît
Published: September 2015

The endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) complex tethers the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria. It is thought to facilitate interorganelle lipid exchange and influence mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial DNA maintenance. Despite this important role, ERMES is not found in metazoans. Here, we identified single amino acid substitutions in Vps13 (vacuolar protein sorting 13), a large universally conserved eukaryotic protein, which suppress all measured phenotypic consequences of ERMES deficiency. Combined loss of VPS13 and ERMES is lethal, indicating that Vps13 and ERMES function in redundant pathways. Vps13 dynamically localizes to vacuole–mitochondria and to vacuole–nucleus contact sites depending on growth conditions, suggesting that ERMES function can be bypassed by the activity of other contact sites, and that contact sites establish a growth condition–regulated organelle network.