bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WHICH HUMAN FACES CAN AN AI GENERATE? LACK OF DIVERSITY IN THIS PERSON
DOES NOT EXIST
Authors: Sequeira Lucas Nunes , Moreschi Bruno , Santos Vinicius Ariel Arruda dos
Published: September 2021

In this abstract we show the results of an interdisciplinary research
in which we audit fake human faces generated by the website This Person Does Not Exist
(TPDNE), and discuss how this system can help perpetuate normativities supported by a
dependency on a limited database. Our analysis is centered on the “default generic face”
that we created by overlapping random samples of fake human faces generated by TPDNE's
algorithms – a version of Generative Adversarial Network, the StyleGAN2. To carry these
experiments, we built a database with 4100 fake human faces taken from TPDNE via web
scraping; we analysed them through a Python language script; and discussed behaviours
identified in results. Our analyses are based on the use of images, called “cluster-images”,
created from this overlapping of N arbitrary fake human faces by the TPDNE's algorithm. Our
experiments showed that, independently of the group of fake human faces sampled, the same
generic white face always appeared as a result. These results intrigue particularly because
the lack of diversity of TPDNE's generated faces is not a mere problem to be fixed in this
system in this digital infrastructure, but a dynamic of reinforcing standards that
historically regulate bodies, territories and practices.
Enlightening the Effects of Premature Birth on Dental and Orofacial Development: A Review
Authors: Bag Anisha , Gayen Khooshbu , Sikdar Rajib
Published: September 2021

Preterm births are which occur prior to 37 weeks gestation and in developed Western nations it comprise approximately 6 per cent of all live births. Along with having many serious medical problems, it has been hypothesized that the development of oral tissues may get affected in the neonatal period. In preterm children, a high prevalence (around 40-70%) of generalized enamel hypoplasia had been found in previous studies in the primary dentition and it is plausible to be associated with low bone mineral stores. Other than enamel hypoplasia, crown dilacerations, and palatal distortions are other defects that are frequently observed in preterm children which are usually associated with traumatic laryngoscopy and prolonged endotracheal intubation. The incidence of ECC (International Caries Detection and Assessment System: ICDAS ≥ 2) was also found to be high in low birth weight children. The etiology behind this is multifactorial but maternal factors, maternal factors might play the role of contributing factors. The current review would analyse the dental anomalies in preterm children in depth which might have significant implications in monitoring possible anomalies and in treatment intervention can be done at an early stage.

Key words: Premature birth, Very low birth weight, Dental defects, Enamel hypoplasia.
Evaluation of Quality Assurance of Activity against Accreditation Norms of the Imaging Services in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: B Padmini Kumari , Kumar G Vijay , Babu K. Ravi
Published: September 2021

Purpose of Study: To study the radiological and imaging services in terms of Quality Assurance in relation to accreditation norms.
Methods: We performed cross sectional evaluation of the data obtained from the participants in the study Semi structured both open and closed ended questionnaire were administered among the participants who were agreed to participate in the study. The questionnaire was formulated to evaluate different parameters of Quality Assurance Programme (QAP). The parameters were divided into structure, process and outcome measures and were derived from literature [National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Health care Providers during accreditation of healthcare institutions].
Results: The radiology and imaging services of Vydehi Medical College Hospital was established in the year 2002, and was approved by AERB (Atomic Energy Regulatory Board) in the year 2007. The department was renewed by AERB in the year 2012. Checklist was formulated which includes several parameters in terms of structure, process and outcome measures.
Conclusion: Quality assurance programme is to provide good patient timely care and the policies adopted by the department of radiology and imaging service in terms of quality are on par with standard guidelines in our study. Safe and sustainable quality care is the need of the hour and it can be practically achieved by regular monitoring of the quality assurance programme.

Key words: Quality assurance; Imaging services; Utilisation; Guidelines; Healthcare
Epidemiological and Histopathological Profile of Gastric Adenocarcinoma at Brazzaville University Hospital
Authors: Mambouene Fidele , Boumba Anicet , Mouamba Fabien
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Gastric adenocarcinoma is the most common gastric malignancy (over 90% of gastric cancers) and remains a global public health problem.
The aim of the study was to determine the epidemiological and histopathological aspects of gastric adenocarcinoma in Brazzaville.
Material and Methods: The epidemiological and histopathological profile is determined through a descriptive study, collecting retrospective data spread over a period of 11 years (January 2008- December 2018), based on consultation of the departmental histology registers. pathological anatomy and cytology. For each case, age, sex, location, pTNM stage, location and histological type were collected.
Results: 93 histologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinomas were collected during the 11-year period. The mean age of the patients was 54.5 years. The sex ratio was 2 in favor of men. The antral and fundal localization were more frequent (74.2% and 20.4% respectively). Of the 2 operative parts collected, one was T2N1 and the other T1N0. Tubular adenocarcinoma was the most common histologic type (51.6%), followed by independent cell adenocarcinoma (34.4%), papillary adenocarcinoma (11.8%), and mucinous adenocarcinoma (2, 2%).
Conclusion: gastric tubular adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type in Brazzaville.

Key words: epidemiology, gastric adenocarcinoma, histological type.
A Cross Sectional Study to Assess Agility Skills of Kumite Karate Players Aged 15-20 Years in Mumbai Suburban Area
Authors: Chindarkar Rigved , Sharma Suramya , Kumar Ajay
Published: September 2021

Background: Karate is one of the most popular martial arts, and it describes the fact that it involves the use of kicks, punches, and blocking techniques. Kumite is the term used for sparring with an opponent. Agility is defined as combination of speed of the movements with quick changes in the directions along with good body control. Agility tests are best used for diagnostic purpose to determine which karate athlete is the most agile, and which one requires more additional practice to perform better. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate agility in kumite karate players using Illinois Agility Test and T-drill test.
Objective: To evaluate speed of movement, zigzag crossing of kumite karate players, speed, lateral movement and coordination using Illinois agility test and T-drill test respectively.
Materials and Methods: 100 kumite karate players (60 males; 40 females) were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria and consent was taken. Subjective details and demographic data were obtained prior to the agility testing. Illinois agility test and T-drill test were performed. The data was obtained and statistically analysed.
Result: Data was collected and then mean and standard deviation was analysed for demographic data such as age (17.43±1.74 years), height (1.65±5.46 cm), weight (53.91±6.04 kg), BMI (19.80±1.36 kg/m²), IAT score (17.58±1.44 seconds) and T-drill test score (10.50±0.92 seconds). Correlation values of BMI and IAT is 0.866 & that of BMI and T-drill is 0.904.
Conclusion: Agility was better in male players than females because male players have more strength, power, more muscle mass and less body fat.

Key words: Agility, Karate, Kumite, Illinois agility test, T-drill test.
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Risk of Stroke among Patients with Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at a Selected Hospital, Bangalore
Authors: Dorothy W Leena , C Pavithra , A K Umadevi
Published: September 2021

Objective: Stroke is a major public health problem, both in developed and developing countries. Stroke is becoming an important cause of early death and disability in India due to increasing prevalence of the major key modifiable risk factors like type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Hence there is an urgent need for recognition of stroke risk factors and its warning signs. With this intention the present study aimed to assess the risk of stroke among patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: A non-experimental, descriptive survey method was adopted. Samples were selected by using quota sampling technique and 60 hypertensive and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected for the study. Data were collected by an interview technique using a modified stroke risk assessment tool by the National Stroke Association, USA.
Results: Out of 60 samples 48.3% of them were in high-risk category, 28.3% were in caution and 23.3% in low-risk category. There was a significant association found in relation to socio demographic variables such as education qualification, type of family, type of diet, weight and complications of hypertension (P<0.05).
Discussion: The findings of the study suggested that there is an increased risk of stroke in hypertension and type 2 diabetes patients which can be aggravated by other risk factors and co-morbid conditions. Hence modifying these risk factors by changing lifestyle can help in prevention of stroke.

Keywords: Stroke, risk assessment, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, comorbid conditions.
The Unsurpassed Silversmithing Techniques of Adam van Vianen: His Silver Ewer Unravelled
Authors: van Bennekom Joosje , Van Bork Ellen , Pappot Arie
Published: September 2021

The magnificent gilded silver ewer Adam van Vianen made in 1614 to commemorate his brother Paulus van Vianen who had died the previous year in Prague, is the pinnacle of the kwabstijl, and of Dutch silversmithing in general. The execution of the raising and embossing is exceptional and had never seen before. Von Sandrart specifically stated in his book that Adam made the whole object out of one piece of silver. It is quite possible that Adam van Vianen applied himself to a quest that many sculptors undertook in the Renaissance: making an object under the most challenging circumstances in their area of expertise. A ewer traditionally consists of a body, foot, handle and a lid with a hinge, which are soldered or screwed together. Adam van Vianen, however, integrated all these separate parts into one dynamic, swirling form, and the absence of clearly separated parts seems to confirm that the ewer is made out of a single piece. To determine once and for all whether the ewer is made out of one piece of silver sheet, an expert team researched the ewer with the aid of X-radiography and formulated a theory as to the way the ewer’s handle was constructed. The research also covered the alloy in Adam van Vianen’s ewer and other objects by his hand in the Rijksmuseum’s collection, and outlined the background of available knowledge on silversmithing in the Netherlands in the seventeenth century, and the products available at that time. Finally, reconstructions of silver refining were carried out using two contemporary sources: Bergbuchlein und Probierbuchlein by Calbus of Freiberg (and unknown authors), Leipzig 1524, and Lazarus Ercker’s Beschreibung: Allerfürnemisten Mineralischen Ertzt, und Bergwercks arten … Prague 1574. The complete alloy research in the Rijksmuseum laboratories showed that the alloy was very different from alloys used by other Dutch silversmiths in the same period. A surprising outcome that could very well be connected to the demands Adam van Vianen made on his material.
Hepaticogastrostomía guiada por ecoendoscopía en pacientes con estenosis biliares malignas proximales. Serie de casos
Authors: Miconi Diego , Manzotti Leandro N , López Fagalde Rafael , Ramacciotti Gonzalo , Amieva Leandro , Barbero Arturo , Dolan Martín , Ruiz Nicolás , Sayanes Victoria , Naiderman Diego , Jury Gastón
Published: September 2021

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is the method of choice for draining both benign and malignant biliary obstruction. Given the failure or impossibility of this procedure, the options for draining the biliary tree are limited to percutaneous drainage, surgical biliary diversion, or endoscopic ultrasound-guided bile duct drainage. Echo-endoscopic biliary drainage is an effective alternative to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography failure and in recent years, it has been taking an increasingly important place because it is less invasive and has a lower rate of complications. Our aim is to report a series of cases of patients with proximal malignant biliary strictures, treated by means of an endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver-gastrostomy, as palliative treatment.
Toxicity Profile of Chemotherapeutic Agents among Cancer Patients Receiving Care in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Care Facility.
Authors:   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria, Biambo A.A. , Aliyu U.M. ,   Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria, Adibe M.O. ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, Samaila A. ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria, Usman N. ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria, Abubakar K.K. ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria, Ukwe C.V. ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
Published: September 2021

Background: Chemotherapeutic agents are among the mainstay of managing cancer patients. However, they are associated with various degrees of toxicity. Objectives: To evaluate the toxicity profile of chemotherapeutic agents among cancer patients receiving care in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria. Method: Retrospective cross-sectional design and systematic random sampling were used in selecting the records of patients that met the eligibility criteria for the study. Five-year records (2014–2018) of Full Blood Count (FBC), Serum Electrolyte Urea and Creatinine (SrEUCr) and Liver Function Test (LFT) were evaluated for changes from baseline to the end of chemotherapy. The data were compared with standards and analysed using descriptive, t-test and correlation analyses at p<0.05. Results: The mean age of the 260 patients evaluated was 47.1±16.3 years. T-test analysis showed that the percentage changes in the patients’ parameters under FBC and SrEUCr tests were normal while the ones under LFT were abnormal. Patients on platinum-based combinations especially Cisplatin+Fluorouracil+Paclitaxel (87.5±87.4%) and Carboplatin+Paclitaxel (68.4±114.5%) had the highest percentage increase in their overall LFT results while those on Doxorubicin+Cyclophosphamide+Vincristine (4.8±18.7%) and Doxorubicin+ Cyclophosphamide+ Paclitaxel (12.3±27.9%) had the least. The number of chemotherapy cycles was weakly correlated with Hepatotoxicity (r=0.165, p=0.046). Conclusion: The patients had essentially normal FBC and SrEUCr results, however, LFT was abnormal due to the elevation of liver enzymes. Platinum-based combinations especially Cisplatin + Fluorouracil + Paclitaxel and Carboplatin + Paclitaxel had the highest elevation in liver enzymes while Doxorubicin+Cyclophosphamide+Vincristine and Doxorubicin+Cyclophosphamide+Paclitaxel had the least. These findings should be considered by clinicians in managing cancer patients to minimise their medication-related toxicities.
Neuropharmacological Activity of Various Fractions Obtained from Solanum aethiopicum (Linn.) Fruit in Mice.
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria., Abubakar A.R. , Sani I.H. ,   Unit of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano, Nigeria., Malami S. ,   Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria., Yaro A.H. ,   Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
Published: September 2021

Background: Solanum aethiopicum (L.), family Solanaceae, is known as garden eggs. The fruit is used in the treatment of insomnia, diabetes and constipation. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate anxiolytic-like activity of fractions obtained from crude methanol extract of Solanum aethiopicum fruit. Method: Acute toxicity testing was conducted according to the OECD guidelines 420 via oral and intraperitoneal routes (ip). n-Hexane (HF), chloroform (CHF), ethyl-acetate (EAF), n-butanol (BF) and residual aqueous fraction (RAF) at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg ip were experimented using the open field, elevated plus maze, staircase, light dark box and hole-board tests. Results: Results: In open field test, there was statistically significant increase in frequency of central square entry by EAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg and RAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg all at p<0.05 compared to distilled water (D/W) group. Elevated plus maze test showed statistically significant increases in open arm entry and duration by CHF 25mg/kg, RAF 25mg/kg and 50mg/kg again at p<0.05. Also, in the staircase test, statistically significant decrease in frequency of rearing with no effect on step climbing was observed by RAF 25mg/kg (p< 0.05) compared to D/W. Light and dark box test produced increased light box entry and duration by EAF 25mg/kg, RAF 25mg/kg and 50mg/ kg at p<0.05. Furthermore, the hole -board test showed statistically significant increases in number of head dips by EAF 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg as well as RAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100 mg/kg at p<0.05. Conclusion: The fractions obtained from Solanum aethiopicum fruits possesses anxiolytic-like activity.
Joe as the Wise Fool in Great Expectations: Dickens's Criticism of the Mid-Victorian Literature of Success and Upward Social Mobility
Authors: Hasegawa Masayo
Published: September 2021

Criticism of Great Expectations often portrays Joe, a gentle blacksmith, as important to the novel's definition of a true gentleman. While this is understandable, Joe plays a more important role in the novel's discussion of the contemporary literature of success to propagate the ideal of the self-made man. This role is as a wise fool and truth-teller, through whom Dickens highlights a contradiction in the literature's messages about the social mobility of working-class people. This contradiction arises as a result of the self-interested desire of the middle classes to bolster their advantageous position in the hierarchical Victorian society, and Dickens censures this self-interestedness. However, Dickens is also aligned with contemporary success stories in their denial of social climbing of the working classes because he believed that working-class social ambitions had the potential to disturb Victorian class society and his own gentlemanly identity. While he advocates a static stratified society, at the same time he wishes to ameliorate the status quo of Victorian class society and address the way it disadvantages the working classes. The means for social betterment proposed in Great Expectations involve the moral betterment of gentlemanly middle-class people.
Assessment of physical activity level and nutritional status of soldiers serving in the Airborne Battalion
Authors: Maculewicz Ewelina , Szarska Ewa , Lewicka Aneta , Lorenz Katarzyna , Łakomy Roman , Tomczak Andrzej , Bertrandt Jerzy
Published: September 2021

Soldiers are a specific social group that is exposed to high, both physical and mental, burden which is associated with their training and service. Rational nutrition and proper level of physical activity play a crucial role in maintaining their good health. Therefore, knowledge about soldiers’ nutrition and physical activity is essential to maintain their combat ability. The aim of this work was to assess the nutritional status and physical activity of soldiers serving in the 16th Airborne Battalion in Krakow. A total of 69 soldiers underwent this examination. Analysis of physical activity was assessed by the IPAQ – International Physical Activity Questionnaire, while frequency of food intake was assessed by the FFQ – Frequency of Food Intake Questionnaire. As a result of the examination it was found that 85% of soldiers revealed a high level of physical activity. The additional results obtained in the survey were: the consumption of fruits and vegetables was too low, the consumption of low‑quality processed meats, dairy products and sugar was excessive. The conclusions of this study show that the examined soldiers were highly physically active. In addition to that, it is concluded that education about rational nutrition and nutritional prevention of civilization metabolic diseases should be introduced among soldiers.
Yirminci Yıldönümünde 11 Eylül: Kopenhag Okulu Çerçevesinde ABD İç ve Dış Politikasının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: EMİR Mehmet
Published: September 2021

11 Eylül 2001 tarihi gerek ABD gerekse de dünyanın geri kalanı için çok önemli bir milat olmuştur. Milenyum çağında gerçekleştirilen ilk büyük terör saldırıları, sonuçları itibarıyla uluslararası ilişkilerde daha önce benzeri görülmemiş bir konseptin “önleyici savaş”ın benimsenmesine neden olmuştur. ABD tarafından terör eylemleri, savaş ile ilişkilendirilmiş ve bazı devletler ile de bağlantısı kurularak meşru bir müdahalenin (önleyici savaş) gerekçesi oluşturulmuştur. 11 Eylül saldırıları ile ilgili çalışmaların neredeyse tamamı ABD’nin bu saldırılara karşı icra ettiği operasyonlara odaklanmaktadır. Ancak gözden kaçırılan asıl nokta ise Amerikan hükümetinin öncelikle mevcut iç ve dış politikalarını siyaset gündeminden güvenlikleştirme çalışmalarına çevirmesi ve bunu meşrulaştırarak harekete geçmesidir. Daha geniş bir perspektiften bakıldığında ABD’nin uyguladığı güvenlikleştirme konseptini Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi ve NATO gibi uluslararası örgütlere de dayatmak suretiyle bu politikasını küresel düzeye yayma çabaları da gözlemlenmiştir. Kopenhag Okulu çerçevesinde yapılan çalışmaya göre, ABD’nin mevcut iç ve dış politikasını güvenlikleştirdiği ve bunun üzerine eyleme geçtiğini göstermektedir. Bunun yanı sıra 11 Eylül 2001’in ardından gerçekleştirilen güvenlikleştirme çalışmalarının, icra edilen operasyonlara göreceli olarak meşru bir ruh kattığını göstermiştir. 11 Eylül 2001 tarihi ve sonrasındaki gelişmeler, etkileri itibarıyla bugün dahi uluslararası ilişkilerde güncelliğini koruyan önemli olgular olmaya devam etmektedir.
CUIDADO HUMANIZADO NO PARTO CESARIANA NA ÓTICA DA ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Souza Rocha de Ascenção Carvalho Cintia de , Paula Enimar de , Ribeiro Wanderson Alves
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Este artigo visa relatar a importância e benefícios do cuidado humanizado no parto cesariana na ótica da enfermagem. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi realizada por via eletrônica, através de consulta de artigos científicos, veiculados na base de dados Lilacs e BDENF.  Resultados e discussões: Sabendo que o cuidado humanizado envolve respeitar a individualidade do Ser Humano e construir um espaço concreto nas instituições de saúde, que legitime o humano das pessoas envolvidas, como por exemplo, ambientes e profissionais de saúde menos formais e mais descontraídos a ponto da parturiente sentir-se a vontade para deixar ser cuidada e abrir-se emocionalmente, sem julgamentos ou constrangimentos. Quando envolvemos a saúde íntima e reprodutiva da mulher, essa questão de atendimento humanizado vai além, pois, durante o processo de gestação e parto, o corpo feminino passa por transformações que, muita das vezes, faz a mulher sentir vergonha do próprio corpo. Conclusão: Considerando que o parto cesáreo não deixa de ser doloroso, invasivo e tão delicado quanto o parto vaginal, é preciso que a assistência de enfermagem tenha empatia e zele por um cuidado trans e pós operatório humanizado.
Alteration Mapping in Exploration: Application of Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) Spectroscopy
Authors: THOMPSON ANNE J. B. , HAUFF PHOEBE L. , ROBITAILLE AUDREY J.
Published: September 2021

Alteration mineral assemblages are important to the understanding of and exploration for hydrothermal ore deposits. Conventional mapping tools may not identify fine-grained minerals or define important compositional variations. Field portable short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectrometers solve some of these problems and provide a valuable tool for evaluating the distribution of alteration assemblages. Spectrometers such as the PIMA-II allow rapid identification of minerals and mineral-specific variations at a field base. Mineral assemblages, integrated with other exploration data, are then used to target drill holes and guide regional exploration programs. Data collection must be systematically organized and carried out by a trained operator. Analysis of data sets requires the use of spectral reference libraries from different geological environments and may be aided in some cases by computer data processing packages. Integration of results with field observations, petrography, and X-ray diffraction analysis is necessary for complete evaluation. The PIMA (portable infrared mineral analyzer) has been used successfully in the high-sulfidation epithermal, low-sulfidation epithermal, volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) and intrusion-related environments. Case studies from these systems demonstrate the ability to rapidly acquire and process SWIR data and produce drill logs and maps. The resulting information is critical for targeting.
Membentuk spiritual individu menurut hadis untuk pencegahan dadah
Authors: Sudi Suriani , Wazir Rosni , Mohd Salleh Norsaleha , Usman Abur Hamdi , Awang Abdul Hadi , Rosman Syamim Zakwan
Published: September 2021

Buku Maklumat Dadah 2017 mencatatkan seramai 18,440 orang penagih baru dikesan dan 7,482 penagih berulang. Angka ini membuktikan terdapat keperluan untuk satu kajian dan sumbangan bagi pemerkasaan langkah pencegahan dadah di negara ini. Pencegahan merupakan kaedah terbaik dan efektif dalam mengurangkan kos menangani penyalahgunaan dadah. Program pencegahan yang lemah akan menyebabkan peningkatan kadar penagihan dan seterusnya wujud pelbagai permasalahan sosial dan peningkatan kos dalam rawatan pemulihan. Kajian menunjukkan kerohanian diri yang lemah merupakan punca utama penagihan dan yang memberi kesan paling kuat. Untuk itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan hadis-hadis berkaitan pembentukan spiritual individu sebagai kaedah untuk mencegah diri dari terjebak ke kancah dadah. Kajian menggunakan kaedah analisis secara tematik iaitu dengan mengenal pasti hadis-hadis yang berkaitan. Kajian mendapati elemen spiritual berkaitan mempunyai tujuan hidup, bersyukur, berdikari dan pegangan agama yang utuh memberi peranan dalam mencegah seseorang dari terlibat di dalam dadah.
Inovasi digital dalam pengajaran & pembelajaran program Tahfiz di Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN)
Authors: Mohamad Shokri Siti Salma , Salihan Syafawati , Abd Hamid Muhammad Hafizan
Published: September 2021

Galakan universiti melaksanakan pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) melalui metode blended learning (BL), flipped teaching dan problem-based learning (PBL) memacu program tahfiz di Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) untuk menerapkannya di dalam pengendalian kelas-kelas subjek. Kajian ini dibuat bagi melihat perlaksanaan BL secara umum di UNITEN serta menilai tahap aplikasi inovasi digital dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran khusus bagi Program Tahfiz di UNITEN. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kualitatif yang menggunakan metode pemerhatian dan analisa dokumen berkaitan perlaksanaan teknologi digital dalam subjek-subjek terpilih di bawah Program Huffaz Profesional. Terdapat empat (4) tahap aplikasi BL yang dilaksanakan di UNITEN iaitu Technology-Aided Learning, Enhanced Learning, Flipped Teaching and Learning dan Adaptive Learning. Hasil analisa mendapati bahawa terdapat empat (4) bentuk inovasi digital yang diaplikasikan dalam program Tahfiz UNITEN. Empat (4) perkara tersebut adalah memuatnaik bahan kursus di Moodle, penggunaan audio-visual dari sumber yang pelbagai seperti PowToon, Panopto dan YouTube, penilaian berterusan yang dibuat menggunakan platform Moodle dan aktiviti-aktiviti atas talian menggunakan medium yang pelbagai seperti Kahoot, Padlet, Coggle, Mentimeter dan Plickers. Usaha ini dapat membentuk PdP pengajian tahfiz menjadi lebih efektif, menarik dan sesuai dengan perkembangan dan kehendak pembelajaran semasa, serta menyumbang kepada pembentukan generasi yang berkualiti.
Persepsi guru dan murid di MITS Selangor terhadap penggunaan teknologi maklumat (ICT) dalam pengajaran tahfiz
Authors: Yahaya Mardhiah , Zakaria Rohana , Shaiful Mohd , Zaid Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Artikel ini bertujuan membincangkan senario penggunaan ICT dalam pengajaran tahfiz al-Quran. Umum mengetahui bahawa pendidikan tahfiz di Malaysia bukan lagi pendidikan yang asing dan ia mula diterima sejak 10 tahun sebelum ini. Pengajaran tahfiz perlu kepada perubahan bertepatan dengan pendidikan abad ke-21 iaitu dengan memperkasa penggunaan ICT. Justeru objektif kajian ini adalah menilai tahap kesedian guru dan pelajar MITS di Selangor terhadap penggunaan ICT dalam proses pengajaran hafazan al-Quran. Oleh itu, kajian deskriptif ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif sebagai data utama. Data diperolehi melalui instrumen soal selidik yang diedarkan kepada 279 orang pelajar dan 59 guru di MITS sebagai pemilihan subjek dalam kajian ini. Kemudian data dianalisis menggunakan perisian Statistical Product and Service Solutions 22.0 (SPSS 22.0). Hasil kajian menunjukkan kesedian guru terhadap penggunaan ICT dalam pengajaran tahfiz pada tahap min keseluruhan 3.81 dan s.p 0.775 berada pada tahap interpretasi sederhana tinggi. Manakala bagi murid min keseluruhan adalah 3.33 dan s.p 0.736 berada pada tahap interpretasi sederhana tinggi. Walau bagaimanapun, persepsi majoriti guru setuju dan sangat setuju terhadap kepentingan penggunaan ICT dalam pengajaran tahfiz namun tahap penggunaannya masih di peringkat sederhana. Sedangkan dalam masa yang sama permintaan murid-murid terhadap penggunaan ICT dalam pengajaran dalam interpretasi sederhana tinggi. Pengajaran tahfiz berasaskan ICT harus diperkasakan sebagai satu alat pengajaran yang sangat efektif melalui pembentukkan persekitaran pembelajaran yang menyokong keperluan, minat dan situasi peribadi mereka. Selain itu, turut menyokong kepada keinginan murid yang mengikut peredaran zaman. Ini selari dengan tuntutan Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM) iaitu melahirkan huffaz yang bukan sahaja menghafaz dengan lancar malah memiliki perkembangan potensi jasmani dan rohani secara menyeluruh.
Kerangka pembentukan modul pengajaran bahasa al-Quran untuk masyarakat awam
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammad Loqman , Baharum Azlan Shaiful
Published: September 2021

Pembelajaran bahasa Arab menerusi al-Quran telah mula mendapat tempat dalam kalangan masyarakat. Hal ini disebabkan oleh pengaruh media Islamik hari ini yang giat menyiarkan rancangan berbentuk pengajaran al-Quran, seperti tadabbur, tafsir serta siri bacaan al-Quran. Masyarakat awam memerlukan satu modul yang komprehensif dan selari dengan keperluan pembelajaran tersebut. Ini kerana masyarakat tidak terlepas daripada pendedahan terhadap bahasa Arab yang menjadi bahasa utama al-Quran dan Hadis. Tambahan pula, kesemua amal ibadah umat Islam tidak terlepas daripada penggunaan bahasa Arab, malah menjadi syarat sesuatu ibadah itu diterima oleh Allah SWT khususnya ibadah solat. Oleh itu pengkaji menggunakan kaedah rekabantuk ADDIE dan beberapa kaedah rekabantuk seperti modul Syeikh Abū Ḥassan al-Nadwī, modul Knowles dalam pembelajaran dewasa dan kaedah Pusar dalam menyediakan modul ini. Oleh itu, kajian ini akan membina kerangka sebuah modul pembelajaran bahasa Arab al-Quran dengan teknik yang menarik. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan baru, iaitu menerusi warna asas atau primer. Pembentukan modul ini juga mengandungi pendedahan asas kepada orang awam tentang hukum tatabahasa Arab yang terdapat di dalam al-Quran secara mudah. Pengkaji mencadangkan agar kajian terperinci bagi memudahkan orang awam memahami al-Quran menerusi bahasa Arab dapat digiatkan lagi usaha dan impaknya.
Implikasi Kejatuhan Harga Buah Kelapa Sawit Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pendapatan Penduduk Setempat
Authors: Che Rose Rosniza Aznie , Elias Shahira Azura
Published: September 2021

The implications of the falling price in oil palm are indeed plaguing the locals who are in direct contact with it. This study focuses on settlers in Felda Palong 6, Gemas, Negeri Sembilan. The main objective of the study is to identify the impact of falling oil palm fruit prices on the income of Felda settlers, assess the impact of income on the local economy, and recommend appropriate measures for locals in addressing the issue of falling oil palm prices. Quantitative methods were used based on questionnaires to 234 respondents among the settlers. The results show that there is a decrease in terms of monthly income of settlers after the fall in the price of oil palm fruit. Not only that, it has also prevented settlers from achieving their lives in a more comfortable direction as their purchasing power and spending have become more limited than before. However, based on the results of the study, there is also a positive impact in the issue, which has encouraged settlers to be more frugal in spending and saving for pleasure in the future. Therefore, it is hoped that there will be improvements in the management of oil palm plantations to strengthen the quality of life of local settlers.
A comparative study on the effect of processing (soaking, germination and boiling) on nutritional, antinutritional and functional properties of Citrullus Lanatus (watermelon) seed flour
Authors: Matthew Olajumoke Josephine , Saidu Abubakar Ndaman , Jigam Ali Audu , Ocheme Ocheme Boniface
Published: September 2021

Background: Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seed is one of the underutilized crops in Africa. It is a valuable food resource but its usage is limited due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors and its poor storage properties. In this study, the comparative effect of processing methods on nutritional, anti-nutritional and functional properties of watermelon seed flour was determined. Methods; Watermelon seeds were subjected to different processing methods (soaking, germination and boiling), dried and milled into flours. Proximate composition, antinutritional factors (tannins, phytates, oxalate, saponins, trypsin inhibitor, and glycogenic glycoside) and functional properties (water and oil absorption capacity, bulk density, foaming capacity) of the flour were determined using standard methods and analytical procedures. Results: There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the proximate contents between different processing methods. The value of protein content of the seed flours ranges from 13.25±1.70–18.77±0.63 %. All the anti-nutritional factors were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the processed seed flour when compared to the unprocessed seeds flour. Soaking significantly (p<0.05) increased the concentrations of histidine, threonine, valine, lysine, leucine, isoleucine and phenylalanine when compared with the unprocessed sample. However, no significant difference (p>0.05) was seen in arginine, methionine, proline and aspartic acid of all the seed flours. The processed seed flour also exhibited desirable functional properties when compared with the unprocessed seed flour. Conclusion: Soaking, germination and boiling can be used for the reduction of antinutrient contents while improving the nutrient density and bioavailability of water-melon seed flour. Thus the processed seed flour hence may be useful for confectionery products, aerated foods and high nutrient density weaning foods
Assessment of Caregivers’ Knowledge about Medications and Medical Conditions by Time of Discharge in the Paediatric Department at University Teaching Hospital of Zambia
Authors:   The University of Zambia, Bowa Paul
Published: September 2021

Background: Discharge is a period of transition from hospital to home that transfer responsibilities from the inpatient health care providers to patients and primary Caregivers. The study assessed Caregivers’ Knowledge about medications and medical conditions by the time their paediatric patients are discharged. Methods: A Cross-Sectional Study was carried out at University Teaching Hospital, paediatric department in Lusaka city of Zambia. 369 Caregivers were assessed on level of knowledge about medical conditions and medications of their discharged paediatric patients using data collected by a Pre-Tested Interview administered questionnaire. A knowledge index was developed representing the number of correct answers. Chi-square test analysis was used to indicate the significance of the results. Results: Most Caregivers were married (78.8%),Parents (82.2%), Unemployed(57.7%) with Primary level of Education (45.5%).The study found that 35.5% were very knowledgeable,27.6% had average knowledge and 36.9 % were not knowledgeable about Medical conditions. 16.5% were very knowledgeable,35.5% were average knowledgeable and 48.5 were not knowledgeable about Medications. The overall knowledge about Medical condition and Medications was poor with only 11.9% very knowledgeable,35.5% average knowledgeable and 52.6% not knowledgeable. Study of Pearson Chi-square reviewed that there is a statistically significant association between Age(P=0.000), Gender(P=0.023), Duration of Hospital stay(0.000),of Education (0.000), Occupation (0.000) and Relationship of Caregiver (0.002) to Level of knowledge. Discussion: Generally, Caregivers were not knowledgeable about the medical conditions and medications of their paediatric patients. However, the study findings indicated that Caregivers were more knowledgeable about medical conditions than medications. Female parent Caregivers are more likely to be knowledgeable than male Caregivers. Similarly, those who stay longer in Hospital, with a high level of Education, and Health workers are likely to be knowledgeable.
Accuracy and Completeness of Medication Histories in Patients in Medical Admission Ward at the University Teaching Hospital
Authors:   The University of Zambia, Mutinta Melody , Muungo Lungwani T. ,   The University of Zambia, Yassa Pierre ,   Cavendish University
Published: September 2021

Background: Quality documentation of medication histories at the time of hospitaladmission with regard to accuracy and completeness is not documented at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH), in Zambia. The aim of our study was to assess the accuracy and completeness of medication histories obtained in patients upon hospital admission. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study at the medical admission ward, University Teaching Hospital, over a period of 3months. Our study enrolled 322 patients admitted to this ward who were above 18 years of age and were able to communicate verbally, if not, were accompanied by a caregiver. Clinical records of these patients were screened to review allmedications the patient was taking and patients/caregivers were interviewed to obtain acomplete medication history. All information obtained from patients through interviews was compared with medications recorded in the patient’s clinical records at the time of admission to the hospital. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) version 22 was used for all statistical calculations. Results: Of 287 clinical records, 175 (61%) incidents of inaccurate medication histories at the time of admission were identified and that medication histories in clinical records of patients were incomplete or poorly documented. Conclusion: Our study shows that 61% of medication histories in patients at the time of admission to hospitals are inaccurate. Quality documentation of medication histories in clinical records at the time of hospital admission is poor.
Apuntes para entender la violencia sexual contra los hombres en el marco del conflicto armado colombiano
Authors: López Gómez Paulín Daniela
Published: September 2021

En medio de la guerra, uno de los tipos de violencia más recurrentes es la sexual, por medio de la cual, se convierte el cuerpo en un campo de batalla, en un transmisor de la crueldad y en campo de dolor extremo. Sin embargo, hasta hoy, es muy poco lo que se sabe sobre esta violencia en contra de los hombres, en parte, por la falta de denuncia y por la creencia de que las únicas protagonistas en estos casos son las mujeres. Con base en lo anterior, este documento presenta un acercamiento a la violencia sexual contra los hombres en el marco del conflicto armado colombiano, trabajo que se llevó a cabo mediante la consulta de prensa, entrevistas con funcionarios públicos, trabajo de campo, análisis de fuentes secundarias, sentencias de paramilitares acogidos a Justicia y Paz y los informes de las denuncias y reportes de Derechos Humanos.

 

Remarks for Understanding Sexual Violence against Men within the Context of the Colombian Armed Conflict

Abstract: In the midst of war, one of the most recurrent types of violence is sexual, by means of which, the body becomes a battlefield, a transmitter of cruelty and a field of extreme pain. However, until now, very little is known about this violence against men, in part because of the lack of denunciation and the belief that sexual violence only happens against women. Based on the foregoing, this article presents an approach to sexual violence against men in the context of the Colombian armed conflict. This work was carried out through press consultation, interviews with public officials, field work, analysis of secondary sources, sentences of paramilitaries under Justice and Peace and consultation of complaints and reports on human rights reports.

Keywords: sexual violence, torture, feminization, homosexualization, hegemonic masculinity, excess,body.
Reivindicaciones interseccionales. El caso de la Red Nacional de Mujeres Afrodescendientes Kambirí
Authors: Angulo Ramírez Diana Carolina
Published: September 2021

La organización Red Nacional de Mujeres Afrocolombianas Kambirí ha emprendido procesos de acción colectiva desde la interseccionalidad y sus demandas particulares. Avanzan en su proceso de empoderamiento, a pesar de las discriminaciones interseccionales e intolerancia, incluso dentro del feminismo, frente a los procesos organizativos de mujeres y lideresas defensoras de derechos humanos. La interseccionalidad permite analizar y entender las situaciones de discriminación y las opresiones a nivel estructural que viven en la sociedad a través de sus instituciones. Se concluye que el activismo desde el feminismo y el reconocimiento de los derechos humanos como discurso y herramienta jurídica vinculante son los instrumentos fundamentales para visibilizar las múltiples discriminaciones y atacar las situaciones de injusticia que surgen en torno a las mujeres afrodescendientes. Abstract: The National Network of Afro-Colombian Women Kambirí organization has undertaken processes of collective action based on intersectionality and its particular demands, advancing in its process of empowerment despite intersectional discrimination and intolerance, even within feminism, facing organizational processes of women and human rights defender leaders, intersectionality allows to analyze and understand the situations of discrimination and oppression at the structural level that live in society through their institutions, It’s concluded that activism from Feminism and the recognition of Human Rights as a discourse and linking legal tool are the fundamental instruments to make visible the multiple discriminations and attack the situations of injustice that are exercised against afrodescendant women. Keywords: Intersectionality, sorority, feminism, empowerment, black feminism.
Los Principios Ruggie y la debida diligencia en el derecho fundamental de Consulta Previa
Authors: Rodriguez Piedad Andrea , Gómez Daniela Alejandra , Caicedo Daniela
Published: September 2021

En este artículo se aborda la relación entre empresa y Estado, que se encuentra ligada por la aplicación de los Principios Rectores de las Naciones Unidas sobre las empresas y los derechos humanos «John Ruggie». Aunque estos principios no son fuente formal del derecho internacional, ya que son soft law, en su esencia, recopilan las bases para mitigar, prevenir y reparar las afectaciones a derechos humanos que causen las empresas en el desarrollo de actividades económicas a comunidades que se encuentren en un territorio específico. Debido a esto, cada vez más se ve su aplicación en políticas públicas por parte de los Estados y en planes de ejecución empresarial mediante la aplicación de la debida diligencia. Este concepto cobra mayor relevancia por ser una herramienta más de defensa de la Consulta Previa, y a su vez ser el puente de conexión entre la aplicación de los Principios Rectores y los efectos que conlleva generar una afectación a los derechos humanos.

Abstract: This article approach the relationship between business and the State is linked by the application of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Human Rights and Business «John Ruggie». Although these principles are not a formal source of international law since they are soft law, in essence, they gather the bases to mitigate, prevent and repair the human rights violations caused by companies in the development of economic activities to communities that are in a specific territory. Also, it is increasingly seen its application in public policies by the States and in business execution plans through the application of due diligence. This concept is more relevant because it is one more tool to defend the Prior Consultation; and at the same time, be the connecting bridge between the application of the Guiding Principles and the effects entailed in generating an impact on human rights.