bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Going under-employed’: Industrial and regional effects, specialization and part-time work across recession-hit Southern European Union regions
Authors: Gialis Stelios , Gourzis Kostas , Underthun Anders
Published: June 2017

The paper explores the regional dimensions of under-employment by analysing the uneven dispersion of part-time jobs in Greece. It understands under-employment as an integral dimension of contemporary flexible labour trends, triggered by devaluation and expanding amid crisis, although in diverse geographical and sectoral terms. It follows a methodology that comparatively analyses statistical data, relevant secondary sources and previous case studies, before moving to a theoretical contextualization of the findings. Based on this framework, NUTS-II level total employment and part-time work data are analysed through location quotients, and a new embellishment of shift-share analysis is implemented for 2005–2008 and 2009–2012 across nine sectors. The findings reveal four distinct, although porous, patterns of under-employment that are distinguished according to different regional productive specializations and the impact of structural or regional effects. The reasons why some regional economies, such as the tourist ones, were more resistant to employment losses, and at the same time the most keen on expanding part-time work, are scrutinized. Concluding, three deeper causal mechanisms, namely productive-technological, organizational and institutional, that determine the under-employment patterns revealed, are discussed and contrasted to relevant literature findings.
Gender-Affirming Pharmacological Interventions for Youth With Gender Dysphoria: When Treatment Guidelines Are Not Enough
Authors: Nahata Leena , Chelvakumar Gayathri , Leibowitz Scott
Published: June 2017

Youth with gender dysphoria, also known as transgender youth, are increasingly presenting to multidisciplinary clinics within academic pediatric centers across the United States. Gender-affirming pharmacological interventions for adolescents with gender dysphoria may be used to promote positive psychological well-being and mental health outcomes. Interventions range from completely reversible to partially irreversible, based on the age and sexual maturity of the adolescent. For each intervention, dilemmas and controversies exist regarding age at treatment initiation, treatment duration, safety, and cost. Pharmacists’ awareness of these considerations and interventions is important when providing evidence-based gender-affirming care to this underserved population.
Effects of Carisoprodol, Phenylbutazone and Antazoline
Authors: Lien Linda L. , Lien Eric J.
Published: June 2017

Carisoprodol at 100 mg/Kg dosage level was found to increase the pentobarbital induced sleeping time in mice significantly, while phenylbutazone at 14 mg/Kg did not cause a significant change.

The sex difference of the pentobarbital sleeping time was found to be dose dependent. The female mice were found to be more sensitive to the dose increase than the male.

Carisoprodol at 50 mg/Kg level did not reduce the motor activity significantly. Antazoline phosphate at 14 mg/Kg reduced the motor activity by 34 percent. When these two drugs were given together the motility was reduced by more than 50 percent (P<0.005).
The Psychotomimetic Side Effects of Pentazocine
Authors: Coursey Chris E.
Published: June 2017

A literature review of psychotomimetic side effects associated with the use of pentazocine is presented. Clinical experience with pentazocine indicates a 1–2 percent occurrence of disturbing psychotomimetic side effects. Side effects noted include hallucinations, delusions, depression, distorted body images and depersonalization. These adverse effects occur more frequently with parenteral administration and appear to be dose-related. The most severe acute types of psychotic reactions tend to develop within two hours following a single administration. Usually the psychotic phenomenon is of a transitory nature, lasting from one to twenty-four hours. Acute symptoms such as hallucinations and distorted body images generally subside within hours, while depressive states may persist for one or more days. Treatment of the psychotomimetic effects may require only reassurance and discontinuation of pentazocine therapy. Benzodiazepines may be helpful in alleviating anxiety and reducing the effects of pentazocine.
Evaluation of a Bayesian Method for Predicting Vancomycin Dosing
Authors: Burton Michael E. , Gentle Donald L. , Vasko Michael R.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of a vancomycin dosing program in predicting dosages necessary to achieve desired serum vancomycin concentrations in a relatively large patient population. With the completion of initial performance evaluation, revised pharmacokinetic parameter estimates derived in the initial evaluation are used to reevaluate program performance. The program uses population estimates of vancomycin's volume of distribution (Vd) and clearance (Cl) to initially predict dosing, then individualizes those estimates by a Bayesian algorithm (iterations) which uses dosing and the resulting serum vancomycin concentration data. Use of the Bayesian forecaster with one iteration significantly increases the calculated Cl value as compared with population estimates; two and three iterations significantly increase both Vd and Cl when compared with population estimates. Absolute values of the predicted minus observed peak serum vancomycin concentrations (accuracy) are 17.7 ± 14.0, 6.1 ± 3.6, and 3.4 ± 2.1 mg/L for dosing using population estimates, Bayesian with one iteration, and Bayesian with two iterations, respectively. Similarly, accuracy of predictions for trough concentrations is 13.8 ± 12.4, 3.5 ± 3.2, and 3.2 ± 2.6 mg/L for each method, respectively. Bias of dosing predictions in achieving desired peak and trough serum vancomycin concentrations is also significantly reduced by using the Bayesian algorithm. Use of the mean Vd and Cl values from three iterations as the starting parameters in a new group of 12 patients significantly improves program performance when compared with use of initial population parameters. Time of sampling for peak serum concentrations has no effect on program performance. In patients with impaired renal function, use of population estimates resulted in less accurate dosing prediction, but this less accurate performance was not observed with use of the Bayesian forecaster. These data demonstrate the accuracy and lack of bias in individualized dosing predictions using the Bayesian dosing method and the ability of revised pharmacokinetic parameter estimates to improve performance.
Therapeutic Monitoring of Cyclosporine following Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation: Problems with Sampling from Silicone Central Venous Lines
Authors: Leson Cheryl L. , Bryson Scott M. , Giesbrecht Esther E. , Saunders E. Fred
Published: June 2017

Blood concentrations are commonly used to guide dosing requirements of cyclosporine, due to large variations in pharmacokinetics both between and within individuals. Bone marrow transplant patients at The Hospital for Sick Children are prescribed intravenous cyclosporine as part of the posttransplant immunosuppression protocol. Sampling for blood concentration measurement is generally done via a single-lumen central venous line (CVL). Cyclosporine concentrations sampled by this route were compared with concentrations in peripheral capillary samples taken concurrently. Results from the CVL blood were substantially higher despite appropriate flushing of the CVL between the end of the infusion and the time of sample collection. This discrepancy disappeared once the patient was converted to oral cyclosporine. We conclude that the sampling error is due to drug adsorbed to the silicone CVL catheters during intravenous administration and displaced during blood sample collection.
Effect of Auxiliary Prescription Labels on the Elderly Ambulatory Patient's Drug Knowledge
Authors: Gryfe-Becker Brenda M. , Segal Harold J. , Einarson Thomas R.
Published: June 2017

The elderly take more drugs per capita than younger age groups. As a result, they may require more drug information. Auxiliary prescription labels are a common, yet little studied method of providing drug information. We studied 4 groups of 20 patients aged 65 or older, who obtain prescriptions at community pharmacies. They received either auxiliary label(s), counseling, both counseling and auxiliary labels, or no supplementary information at all. Counseling provided the same information verbally as was provided on the labels. Patients were interviewed 3–15 days later. Sixty-six percent were able to read auxiliary labels without difficulty. Significantly more patients who received auxiliary labels, with counseling (65 percent) or without counseling (63 percent), were able to recall supplementary information correctly and completely compared with patients who did not receive supplementary information (25 percent). However, a significant improvement in understanding or ability to apply this information was not found. Counseling alone did not significantly improve either outcome. It was concluded that the use of auxiliary labels is a useful, although not ideal, method of providing drug information for elderly patients in a busy community pharmacy setting.
Drug Bulletins: Effectiveness in Modifying Prescribing and Methods of Improving Impact
Authors: Plumridge Richard J. , Berbatis Con G.
Published: June 2017

Little research has been conducted into the impact of drug bulletins in modifying prescribing and containing costs. The authors review published reports of bulletin effectiveness in institutional and community settings, pointing out the apparent enhanced usefulness of drug bulletins combined with other informational strategies and products. They offer guidelines for boosting bulletin effectiveness through content and design of decisions.
Effects of Cocaine on the Human Fetus: A Review of Clinical Studies
Authors: Doering Paul L. , Davidson Cheryl L. , Lafauce Luann , Williams Charles A.
Published: June 2017

The abuse of cocaine in this country has reached epidemic proportions and has generated great concern for the effects of the drug on the fetus when used during pregnancy. Although educational campaigns cite adverse fetal effects as a deterrent to using the drug, there are limited data on which to base a true risk assessment. This paper reviews the published studies of pregnancy outcome in cocaine-abusing mothers, with special focus on structural malformations and other neonatal risks.
Pharmacoeconomic Research and Clinical Trials: Concepts and Issues
Authors: Bootman J. Lyle , Larson Lon N. , McGhan William F. , Townsend Raymond J. , McGhan William F. , Bootman J. Lyle , Townsend Raymond J.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the emerging discipline of pharmacoeconomics. Specific methodologies and terms are defined. Pharmacoeconomic research is described, related to, and contrasted with clinical drug trials. Additionally, we present a brief overview of the general steps taken designing a pharmacoeconomic study. Finally, several issues centering around pharmacoeconomic analysis are presented for discussion and debate. The need for high-quality pharmacoeconomic research is stressed along with the need for appropriate education of individuals trained in the health sciences.
A Retrospective Study of Compliance with Recommended Hematologic Monitoring of Carbamazepine
Authors: Sobotka Jenelle L. , Alexander Bruce , Cook Brian L.
Published: June 2017

Early case reports of fatal hematologic effects associated with carbamazepine (CBZ) resulted in manufacturer recommendations for extensive laboratory monitoring. Several alternative monitoring protocols have been published, indicating disagreement with those recommendations. The manufacturer has removed specific monitoring guidelines allowing physicians to monitor CBZ during treatment based on their clinical judgment. This study was designed to determine the frequency of CBZ hematologic monitoring in one academic setting. Data on complete blood counts (CBCs) were retrospectively obtained and were compared with 1975–88 Physicians' Desk Reference recommendations for weekly CBCs during the first three months of treatment. Eighty-three patients were identified: 32 psychiatry, 37 neurology, and 14 from other clinics. Only one patient met guidelines for monitoring during the entire first three months of treatment. Comparisons between clinics demonstrated no statistically significant differences in monitoring rates. Prospective studies in academic and private practice settings are needed to provide more information on actual monitoring practices. Due to the removal of specific manufacturer recommendations, a standard approach is needed to establish consistent and adequate monitoring and to provide legal support to prescribers.
Oxygen Homeostasis: Theory, Measurement, and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Naylor-Shepherd Michele F. , Fuhs David W. , Angaran David M.
Published: June 2017

The ultimate goal of therapeutic intervention in a critically ill patient is to maintain oxygen homeostasis where delivery of oxygen to the cells is greater than, or at least equal to, the oxygen demand of the cells. Oxygen demand varies from organ to organ. Total body oxygen demand is the sum of all oxygen required by all tissues and organs for aerobic cellular function. Oxygen consumption (V̇O2) is the quantity of oxygen actually used by the cells. V̇O2 may be calculated if the values of cardiac output (CO), hemoglobin concentration, and arterial and venous oxygen saturations (SaO2 and SV̄O2, respectively) are known. Under normal circumstances, the quantities of oxygen demanded and oxygen consumed are equal, but in situations of inadequate oxygen delivery, oxygen demand may not be satisfied and the quantity of oxygen actually consumed will be governed by the quantity delivered. This then may result in an oxygen deficit and, ultimately, cellular death. This article discusses the principles of oxygen homeostasis, techniques for measuring V̇O2, CO, and SV̄O2, and the relevance of these principles and techniques to clinical practice.
Thrombocytopenia Possibly Caused by Structurally Related Third-Generation Cephalosporins
Authors: Hull Robert Lee , Brandon Donald
Published: June 2017

Thrombocytopenia is defined as a decrease in the platelet count to <100 × 109/L and it is the most commonly reported drug-induced blood dyscrasia. Heparin is the most commonly reported cause of drug-induced thrombocytopenia with a reported incidence between one and ten percent. Thrombocytopenia induced by cephalosporins has been reported but is relatively rare. This report does not completely document that two third-generation cephalosporins caused platelet counts to fall <100 × 109/L in the patient described but there was no other explanation available. Platelet counts began to fall with the institution of third-generation cephalosporins and began to rise when these agents were stopped. In order to document that thrombocytopenia was induced by the third-generation cephalosporins a rechallenge would have been necessary; this was not considered to be safe in this patient. A review of the literature is presented describing similar cases of cephalosporin-induced thrombocytopenia.
The Duty to Counsel: Reviewing a Decade of Litigation
Authors: Brushwood David B.
Published: June 2017

Twenty-three legal cases from the 1980s were studied. The allegation in each of these cases was that the defendant pharmacist should have done something more than correctly process a prescription to prevent harm to the patient from drug use. Four theoretical models of pharmacist legal responsibility are considered: (1) the policy-analysis model, (2) the professional-standards model, (3) the consumer-expectation model, and (4) the power model. It is concluded that the power model, based on superior knowledge and reasonable foreseeability of harm, best defines the pharmacist's legal responsibility, consistent with established legal precedents.
The Effect of Phenylpropanolamine on 24-Hour Blood Pressure in Normotensive Subjects Administered Indomethacin
Authors: McKenney James M. , Wight Jackson T. , Katz Gail M. , Goodman Robert P.
Published: June 2017

We evaluated the effect of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride (PPA) in 14 young, healthy, normotensive women who concurrently received indomethacin. Subjects received sustained-release (SR) indomethacin 75 mg bid and were randomly assigned to receive double-blind SR PPA 75 mg/d or placebo for four days. After a six-day washout period, subjects were crossed over to the opposite four-day double-blind treatment. Following an additional six-day washout period, subjects received indomethacin placebo and PPA placebo during a final, single-blind four-day period. Twenty-four-hour blood pressure (BP) monitoring every 30 minutes and a 24-hour urine collection for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were performed on the fourth day of each treatment period. Compliance with the medication regimen was confirmed by drug concentrations, pill counts, and urinary PGE2 concentrations. Compared with the indomethacin and placebo treatment periods, the combination of indomethacin and PPA had no significant effect on mean systolic or diastolic BP during the 24-hour study period or during any four-hour interval. We conclude that the combination of SR PPA 75 mg/d and SR indomethacin 150 mg/d for four days has no adverse effect on BP in normotensive women.
Galton's Problem as Multiple Network Autocorrelation Effects
Authors: Dow Malcolm M.
Published: June 2017

Empirical evidence that cultural traits are often nonrandomly distributed because of the individual or combined effects of common history, diffusion, borrowing, and/or other types of cultural transmission processes has been accumulating for decades. Because many cultural traits have recently been shown to be influenced by more than one transmission process, it has become a methodological priority in comparative research to develop statistical methods that can simultaneously incorporate multiple transmission processes. This article proposes a multiple network autocorrelation effects model and associated two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation procedures. The network autocorrelation effects model offers an alternative interpretation of how cultural trait transmission processes operate than does the network autocorrelation disturbances model. Conceptual differences between the two classes of models suggest that the network effects specification will be more generally applicable in comparative studies. An empirical example demonstrates the substantive value of the multiple network autocorrelation effects model and the widely available 2SLS estimation procedures.
Homotopy continuation for characteristic roots of delay differential equations using the Lambert W function
Authors: Surya Samukham , Vyasarayani C. P. , Kalmár-Nagy Tamás
Published: June 2017

In this work, we develop a homotopy continuation method to find the characteristic roots of delay differential equations with multiple delays. We introduce a homotopy parameter μ into the characteristic equation in such a way that for μ = 0 this equation contains only one exponential term (corresponding to the largest delay) and for μ = 1 the original characteristic equation is recovered. For μ = 0, all the characteristic roots can be expressed in terms of the Lambert W function. Pseudo-arclength continuation is then used to trace the roots as a function of μ. We demonstrate the method on several test cases. Cases where it may fail are also discussed.
Private Toll Roads: Changing the Highway Paradigm
Authors: Poole Robert W.
Published: June 2017

Privatization approaches hold great promise for improving the performance of the U.S. highway system. But dramatic results akin to those being achieved overseas via private toll road concessions will depend critically on supportive public policy. Other countries have adopted the private concession model as a matter of national policy, applying it not merely to a few speculative new roads but to major modernization of existing highways and expressways. To realize the potential that the private sector has to offer, we need new highway policies that would create a level financial playing field between the public and private sectors, share start-up risks and costs between the public and private sectors, and remove restrictions (such as the ban on interstate tolls). The transportation community must also educate policy makers and opinion leaders on the case for tolls as both a financing vehicle and a highway management tool.
Management of Empty Pesticide Containers—A Study of Practices in Santa Cruz, Bolivia
Authors: Huici Omar , Skovgaard Marlene , Condarco Guido , Jørs Erik , Jensen Olaf Chresten
Published: June 2017

Aims:

The mismanagement of empty containers of pesticides, posing a risk to the environment and the health of people, has motivated the promotion of international policies and guidelines to mitigate such problems. Despite these guidelines, attention to this problem is inadequate in Bolivia. The objective was to study the knowledge and practical management of the containers and to implement a responsible management plan for empty pesticide containers.

Methods:

This study implemented the project from 2014 to 2016 in 2 municipalities of the Department of Santa Cruz. Integral and participatory processes of information, education, and training were used. A questionnaire study among pesticide users was used to investigate knowledge and management of the empty pesticide containers.

Results:

The authorities and the population responded to the program by taking a critical and active approach to the problem, improving their responsible practices, and 5500 kg of empty containers were collected. The cross-sectional study showed that 93% of the empty containers were disposed of in vulnerable places; 62% of the population did not know what triple washing is; 60% felt discomfort, headache, and/or dizziness while using pesticides; and 31% of the empty containers had pesticide residue inside them.

Conclusions:

The study illustrates a complex situation, mainly caused by lack of knowledge and clear guidelines. We recommend documentation of the social, economic, and productive characteristics of the region before any municipal program action is undertaken. The key element to sustainable change is an informed and coordinated participation of all actors.
Lubrication and frictional analysis of cam–roller follower mechanisms
Authors: Alakhramsing Shivam S , de Rooij Matthijn , Schipper Dirk Jan , van Drogen Mark
Published: June 2017

In this work, a full numerical solution to the cam–roller follower-lubricated contact is provided. The general framework of this model is based on a model describing the kinematics, a finite length line contact isothermal-EHL model for the cam–roller contact and a semi-analytical lubrication model for the roller–pin bearing. These models are interlinked via an improved roller–pin friction model. For the numerical study, a cam–roller follower pair, as part of the fuel injection system in Diesel engines, was analyzed. The results, including the evolution of power losses, minimum film thickness and maximum pressures, are compared with analytical solutions corresponding to infinite line contact models. The main findings of this work are that for accurate prediction of crucial performance indicators such as minimum film thickness, maximum pressure and power losses a finite length line contact analysis is necessary due to non-typical EHL characteristics of the pressure and film thickness distributions. Furthermore, due to the high contact forces associated with cam–roller pairs as part of fuel injection units, rolling friction is the dominant power loss contributor as roller slippage appears to be negligible. Finally, the influence of the different roller axial surface profiles on minimum film thickness, maximum pressure and power loss is shown to be significant. In fact, due to larger contact area, the maximum pressure can be reduced and the minimum film thickness can be increased significantly, however, at the cost of higher power losses.
“Absent data, absent women”: Gender and higher education leadership
Authors: Aiston Sarah Jane , Yang Zi
Published: June 2017

The study of the position, status and experience of women academics has in recent decades attracted a great deal of scholarly attention. The literature is characterized by what might be referred to as the ‘absent women’ discourse, namely the underrepresentation of women in the highest positions in the sector, and is dominated by research conducted in the West. It is key, however, to look beyond the Western academy and not make assumptions about the status, position and experience of women academics in other contexts, or to assume that priority is given to gender equity universally. A key aspect from a policy perspective and in relation to supporting the advancement of women as academics is data: the absence of adequate, publically accessible data results in higher education sectors not being open to scrutiny. The purpose of this article is two-fold: first, the issue of absent data in the East Asian context – using Hong Kong as an example – is discussed. Second, the article presents large-scale empirical data generated by the authors to show that women academics are woefully underrepresented in all levels of leadership in the Hong Kong Academy.
Cost and Complications of Percutaneous Fixation of Hand Fractures in a Procedure Room Versus the Operating Room
Authors: Garon Mark T. , Massey Patrick , Chen Andreas , Carroll Trevor , Nelson Bradley G. , Hollister Anne M.
Published: June 2017

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of metacarpal and phalanx fractures performed in the operating room (OR) versus the procedure room of the emergency department with primary outcomes being infection rate, radiographic union, and monetary cost. Methods: From January 2006 to December 2010, all closed reduction and percutaneous pinnings of metacarpal and phalanx fractures (CPT codes: 26608; 26727) by a single board-certified hand surgeon (A.M.H.) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were placed into 2 groups: Group 1 was patients treated in the OR, and group 2 was patients in an emergency department procedure room. Infection, malunion, and nonunion rates were compared using a chi-square test. Charges were compared using a t-test, and cost of supplies and labor was evaluated. Results: A total of 189 patients met final inclusion criteria for this study: 130 in group 1 and 59 in group 2. There was no statistically significant difference in infection rates ( P = .13), nonunion ( P = .40), malunion rates ( P = .89), and hardware failure with revision ( P = .94) between the 2 groups. The procedure room patients had an average hospital charge of $1358.55 compared with $3691.85 for OR-treated patients (P = .001). The total cost of supplies and nonphysician labor was $432.31 per OR case and $179.59 per procedure room case. Conclusions: Metacarpal and phalanx fractures of the hand amendable to closed reduction and percutaneous pinning can be treated in the procedure room with no increase in risk of infection, malunion, or nonunion rates. In addition, these surgeries can be performed in a procedure room with lower cost and less charges to patients than in the operating room.
Do innovative activities matter to Indian drug and pharmaceutical firms? An application to export performance
Authors: Tyagi Shilpi , Nauriyal DK
Published: June 2017

This paper analyzes the R&D and exports profile of Indian drug and pharmaceutical industry during the period 2000–2014. The present paper examines how R&D expenditure and patent impact export performance of the Indian drug and pharmaceutical firms. The study period from 2000 to 2014 has been characterized by a rapid growth in industry’s innovative activity, as part of the strategic shift, induced by the Patents (Amendment) Act, 2005. Using the real financial data for the top 91 publicly listed Indian domestic pharmaceutical companies, the study provides new evidence on firm-level export performance of the Indian drugs and pharmaceutical industry. Generalized Method of Movements estimator developed by Blundell and Bond is applied. The empirical findings of the study reveal that increased R&D intensity, higher patent count and firm’s size are important determinants of firm-level export performance.
From a Friend: You’ve Got to Watch This!
Authors: Ware Jennifer
Published: June 2017

Social sharing of news content through Twitter, Facebook, email, and other platforms is increasingly important to local television (TV) news stations. This article presents the results of a longitudinal content analysis of the prevalence and design of the automated social sharing tools presented next to timely, local news content on TV news websites between 2010 and 2015. While 93% of news websites now contain automated social sharing icons, approximately 36% of the social shares from these tools contain incorrect information or lead back to different content altogether. While social sharing options have increased since 2010, automated messages shared with the links, and link accuracy rates, remain relatively unchanged. As readers’ social sharing of news stories becomes more important to the TV news industry’s penetration into social media platforms, it is increasingly crucial to study these automated social tools and how they can serve as unintentional gatekeepers by sharing the wrong information.
The effects on anxiety and quality of life of breast cancer patients following completion of the first cycle of chemotherapy
Authors: Charalambous Andreas , Kaite Charis P , Charalambous Melanie , Tistsi Theologia , Kouta Christiana
Published: June 2017

Objectives:

Breast cancer patients as part of their treatment need to undergo various forms of chemotherapy. This is considered as a burdensome experience for many patients often leading to significant levels of anxiety. The aim of the study was to explore the anxiety levels and any correlations to the quality of life of women with breast cancer that were undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study utilizing an explanatory sequential design. Data were collected from 355 women with breast cancer with the Self Anxiety Scale, the EORTC QLQ-C30, the EORTC QLQ-BR23 and sociodemographic questionnaires. Further insight to patients’ experiences was given through 12 in-depth interviews.

Results:

Anxiety scores ranged between 24 and 75 (45.7 ± 10.11), with 44% reporting serious or/and intense anxiety. The results revealed statistically significant differences on patients’ anxiety levels depending on their source of support. Overall, patients’ global health-related quality of life was found to be low to average 55.91 ± 17.94. The results showed low emotional functioning (49.30 ± 29.12), low role functions (56.34 ± 27.50) and low sexual functioning (24.93 ± 20.75). Patients also reported experiencing problems with fatigue (49.04 ± 29.12), insomnia (44.32 ± 32.97), hair loss (48.25 ± 38.32) and arm symptoms (36.53 ± 23.71). Patients being solely supported by the family experienced higher anxiety levels (p < 0.001) and lower quality of life (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between anxiety and quality of life (r = −0.623, p < 0.001). Statistically significant differences were also found in relation to demographics, anxiety and quality of life. The interviews provided further evidence on the impact of anxiety on patients’ lives.

Conclusion:

The time following the completion of the first cycle of chemotherapy is associated with anxiety and lower quality of life levels in breast cancer patients. Healthcare providers should consider the supportive healthcare needs from the beginning of chemotherapy in patients to optimize their conventional and supportive healthcare outcomes.
How do people get engaged in civic participation? A case study of citizen activism in rebuilding Enning Road, Guangzhou
Authors: Huang Dongya
Published: June 2017

This paper discusses how citizens become engaged in networks for civic engagement and what affects the initiation, continuity, and impact of an actual action. My case study of the citizens’ engagement in rebuilding Enning Road in Guangzhou found that virtual communities expanded people’s actual connections; Internet mobilization, owing to its broad connectedness, helped stimulate the initiation of public participation but the shared channel of this type of media lacked the power to start an actual action or maintain the momentum. The existing studies suggested that whether the public attention and discussion based on virtual communities could be transformed into sustainable and influential public participation in action depended upon whether the ‘issue’ had its own sustainability and also upon whether the mobilizing ‘agent’ was a rights-protecting group that shared similar interests. The case study reported in this paper, however, found that the off-line ‘liaison and mobilization mechanisms,’ as well as their closely related characteristics, were also significant factors. Connection and mobilization via interpersonal networks pushed virtual discussions into real actions and helped keep the actions going on, while the open space of the city expanded the actual social and policy influences for such actual civic engagement. The distinction of different liaisons from the mobilization mechanisms illustrated in this paper facilitates the explanation of the civic engagement in contemporary China from the ‘diachronic’ and ‘differentiated participation’ angles. The paper concludes that either interpersonal networking organizations being supplementary to the organization of social groups or the public space opened up by the city being supplementary to the closed nature of the structure of the political system itself is still quite limited in the civic engagement in China.
Exploring the Relationship Between Sports Fandom and the Black Criminal Stereotype
Authors: Anderson Lauren C. , Raney Arthur A.
Published: June 2017

In news media, one stereotype that has continually been perpetuated is the overrepresentation of Blacks as criminals, leading to what many refer to as “the Black criminal stereotype.” Although research suggests that distorted portrayals of criminals in news affect social reality judgments regarding race and crime and provoke stereotypical responses in viewers, limited evidence exists that connects these effects to sport media. However, recent instances involving issues related to race and crime in sport have prompted us to consider the prevalence of a Black criminal stereotype among sport fans. With increased media attention given to off-field transgressions—particularly, violent ones perpetuated by high-profile Black athletes—we are left wondering how such attention may influence fans’ attitudes and beliefs. We explored these issues in an experimental study ( n = 234). Our findings not only revealed evidence of a Black criminal stereotype among sports fans but also that sports fans differ from nonfans in basic attitudes and beliefs about crime and violence in sport. More specifically, the more a participant claimed to be a fan of sports and (more so) combative sports, the more she or he viewed an athlete charged with domestic abuse in a favorable light.
Mexican American College Students’ Perceived Experiences of Discrimination, Ethnic Identity, and Adjustment
Authors: Jones Samantha K. , Killoren Sarah E. , Alfaro Edna C. , Gonzales-Backen Melinda A.
Published: June 2017

Given the salience of sibling relationships for Mexican American individuals, we examined the role of sibling support in the associations between discrimination, ethnic identity (EI), and the adjustment of Mexican American college students ( N = 171, 80.7% female, Mage = 21.6 years). Findings revealed that under conditions of high sibling support, discrimination was positively associated with EI resolution, which, in turn, was positively associated with self-esteem. Under conditions of low sibling support, discrimination was negatively associated with EI affirmation, which, in turn, was positively associated with self-esteem. Under conditions of low sibling support, there was a negative association between discrimination and EI affirmation, which, in turn, was negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the processes by which discrimination is associated with adjustment and the protective role of sibling support for Mexican American college students experiencing discrimination.
Romantic Relationship Dissolution in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Norona Jerika C. , Welsh Deborah P.
Published: June 2017

Relationship dissolution is a common occurrence in emerging adulthood but has received relatively less empirical attention than relationship formation and maintenance. This special issue includes six empirical studies that examine factors that contribute to romantic relationship dissolution during this developmental stage, its consequences, and factors related to postbreakup adjustment. Samples are drawn from the Canada, Israel, and the United States to provide a diverse perspective of romantic dissolution during this developmental period. Authors of each paper discuss how their findings shed light on the developmental significance of relationship dissolution as an important transition to examine during emerging adulthood. We conclude the special issue with an integration of the frameworks of and findings from the contributions.
The influence of bicipital groove morphology on the stability of the long head of the biceps tendon
Authors: Yoo Jae Chul , Iyyampillai Geethan , Park Dongjun , Koh Kyoung-Hwan
Published: June 2017

Purpose:

We aimed to evaluate the influence of the bony morphology of the bicipital groove on the stability of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT).

Methods:

Among the patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder at our outpatient clinic in 2012, those aged >40 years were included. After excluding cases with complete tear or unclear positioning of the biceps tendon, 464 shoulders were analyzed according to the position of the LHBT with respect to the bicipital groove. Shoulders with subluxation or dislocation of the LHBT were labeled as having unstable LHBT, while those with the LHBT located in the bicipital groove were labeled as having stable LHBT. The bony morphology of the bicipital groove was measured in terms of opening angle, medial wall angle, and depth. A shallow bicipital groove was defined as having an opening angle >94°, concurrent with earlier studies. We compared shoulders with stable and unstable LHBT regarding bicipital bony morphology. We also compared shoulders with normal and shallow grooves regarding tendon stability.

Results:

Shoulders with stable and unstable LHBT differed significantly regarding bony morphology. Shoulders with unstable LHBT showed a shallower mean depth (by 0.3 mm; p = 0.008), a smaller mean medial angle (by 2.2°; p = 0.014), and a larger mean opening angle (by 3.7°; p = 0.016). Bony morphology characterized by a shallow groove was significantly associated with increased prevalence of instability defined as LHBT subluxation or dislocation ( p = 0.011).

Conclusion:

A shallow bicipital groove, identified by the larger opening angle, smaller medial angle, and shallower depth, may represent a predisposing factor for biceps tendon instability.
Relationship between Options Trading Volume and Company Value: Evidence from India
Authors: Aggarwal Navdeep , Gupta Mohit
Published: June 2017

Most of the empirical literature on the informational role of options markets and the stock price response is based on a simple dichotomy of companies with listed options versus companies without listed options with an implicit assumption that the benefits of options trading are homogenous across companies with listed options. However, when options trading volume is low, options listing may hardly have any impact on the underlying stock price and the company value in turn. This study was therefore taken up to investigate relationship between options trading volume and the valuation of underlying company. Using regression analysis between Tobin’s q, which captures company value and options trading volume, along with other control variables that could impinge upon company valuation, we find conclusive evidence that company valuation is significantly related to options trading volume. Therefore, investors and traders must remember that options listing must be supported by sufficient liquidity to offer any insights to future price trends.
Corporate Social Performance in Strategic Governance and Stakeholder Dimensions: Evidence of Indian Multinational Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Kwatra Pratigya , Singh Rahul , Patel G.N.
Published: June 2017

Assessment of corporate social performance has become one of the widely researched areas due to its practical implications. The article assesses the social performance of Indian multinational manufacturing companies on the twin dimensions of strategic governance and responsibility towards primary stakeholders. Using the data collected from corporate social responsibility (CSR) managers through a measurement tool, Indian multinational manufacturing companies have been found to be performing just about average. Strategic governance received the highest weightage, as generated with the help of expert opinion, followed by customers, investors, employees, communities and then suppliers. The results also revealed that strategic governance explained significant variation in stakeholders’ responsibility. The findings give out important implications for CSR managers and overall management of the companies.
Adoption and Assessment of Hospital Information Systems: A Study of Hospitals in Jalandhar
Authors: Batra Roopali , Pall Amanpartap Singh
Published: June 2017

There is a progressive integration of technology by different sectors of our economy so as to enhance the productivity and efficiency of the business operations. However, in the Indian health care sector, it is discouraging to observe that not much is being spent on the hospital information systems (HIS). Technology integration has the potential to not only accelerate the speed but also enhance the quality and efficiency of hospital operations. The present research aims to determine the degree of adoption of HIS in hospitals of Jalandhar city and also explores the barriers in HIS implementation. An attempt has been made to study the impact of different hospital-related variables on the adoption of HIS. To attain the purpose, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 31 hospitals of Jalandhar city and the data collected were analysed using percentages, cross-tabulation and chi-square test. Results revealed that a scanty percentage of hospitals in Jalandhar adopt HIS and that too primarily for clinical and administrative functions. However, an increased adoption of HIS was observed, with an increase in the size of the hospital in terms of its investment, number of employees and sales revenue. Greater infrastructure and financial requirements, rigorous staff training needs and reluctance of top management and medical specialists to implement the system emerged as the prominent barriers to HIS implementation. Nevertheless, a vast majority of hospitals adopting HIS were satisfied from its performance. The current research has strong implications and great value for hospital authorities. It not only determines the degree to which HIS is adopted in hospitals but also reviews the satisfaction derived from it. Its real value lies in identifying the specific problems or barriers that lead to the lower rate of HIS adoption.
Teaching Professional Skills and Values in India: Challenges and Roadmap for Future
Authors: Chakraborty Anirban
Published: June 2017

Educating law students in fundamental professional skills and values has become an integral part of the modern legal education curriculum. ‘Clinical legal education’ (CLE) is the instructional method used for teaching professional skills and values. CLE aims to impart training of professional skills and values by engaging the students with legal aid activities and using that experience for the teaching–learning process. In the United States, credited for developing CLE, law faculties involve students to represent cases of indigent clients under their supervision and use that experience to teach legal skills and professional values. But with the global expansion of CLE, along with the US model (client representation clinic), many innovative alternative models have evolved, primarily due to local diversities. Therefore, in jurisdictions where ‘client representation clinic’ is not suitable due to local restrictions and resource constraints, new models such as ‘Street Law Clinic’, ‘Externship Clinic’ or ‘Law Reform Clinic’ have successfully evolved to be CLE model. Although regulatory bodies of Indian legal education have made CLE a mandatory part of the curriculum for over two decades, its implementation has been negligible and ineffective. Lack of proper training of faculties, absence of guidelines on CLE practice and procedure, financial constraints and legal restriction on faculties and their students to represent in courts are some of the reasons highlighted for the same. This article argues that legal education is inadequate and increases the gap with the legal profession, if professional skills and values are not imparted in a proper manner. In order to overcome the current inadequacy, effective integration of CLE is the call of the day. The article explores two alternative clinical teaching models namely ‘Street Law Clinic’ and ‘Law Reform Clinic’ and provides means to overcome the existing bottlenecks in implementation of CLE. It narrates the experiences of functioning of these clinics at West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences (WBNUJS) and apprises how these models can be replicated for effective clinical teaching, suiting Indian conditions.
Does block size matter? The impact of urban design on economic vitality for Chinese cities
Authors: Long Ying , Huang CC
Published: June 2017

The influence of urban design on economic vitality has been analyzed by a number of researchers and is also a key focus of many planning/design theories. However, most quantitative studies are based on just one city or a small set of cities, rather than a large number of cities that are representative of an entire country. With the increasing availability of new data, we aim to alleviate this gap by examining the impact of urban design upon economic vitality for the 286 largest cities in China by looking at a grid of geographical units that are 1 km by 1 km. We use these units and a set of new data (emerging big data and new data that reflecting urban developments and human mobility) to look at the impact of urban form indicators, such as intersection density (urban design), level of mixed use, and access to amenities and transportation, on economic vitality represented by activities using social media data. Our results show that these urban design indicators have a significant and positive relationship with levels of economic vitality for cities at every administrative level. The results contribute to a holistic understanding of how to improve economic vitality in cities across China at a detailed level, particularly at a time when China’s economic growth will depend largely on growth of the service sector in urban areas. We think these results can help decision makers, developers, and planners/designers to improve economic vitality in cities across China.