bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Cascading Post-Earthquake Fire-Risk Scenario in Urban Centres
Authors: Mascheri Glenda , Chieffo Nicola , Tondini Nicola , Pinto Cláudia , Lourenço Paulo B.
Published: October 2024

The frequency of urban fires has grown in recent years everywhere, especially in historic districts, including in Portugal, due to the existence of sensitive igniting materials, the proximity of buildings, the complex urban layout, and the presence of many people. The current study proposes a technique, applied in the Baixa Pombalina (downtown) area in Lisbon, to undertake an appropriate evaluation of the post-earthquake fire cascading effect, which may cause major damage. The earthquake vulnerability and damage scenario were carried out using the Risk-UE method. An empirical fire ignition model was then applied to determine the quantity and location of fire ignitions for different return periods. Furthermore, the simple fire spread Hamada’s model was applied to both the equally spaced grid buildings, as in the original Hamada procedure, and the current study area layout for different time thresholds. Finally, the risk assessment for both models was carried out, allowing for the estimation of earthquake and fire losses, respectively. The results demonstrated that the models are comparable, showing that the Hamada model might be a useful tool for large-scale evaluations aimed at disaster-risk reduction and management since it gives useful information for managing and reducing natural and anthropogenic hazards.
Biochar-Supported Phytoremediation of Dredged Sediments Contaminated by HCH Isomers and Trace Elements Using Paulownia tomentosa
Authors: Mamirova Aigerim , Pidlisnyuk Valentina , Hrabak Pavel , Shapoval Pavlo , Nurzhanova Asil
Published: October 2024

The remediation of dredged sediments (DS) as a major waste generation field has become an urgent environmental issue. In response to the limited strategies to restore DS, the current study aimed to investigate the suitability of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud as a tool for decontamination of DS, both independently and in combination with a sewage sludge-based biochar. The experimental design included unamended and biochar-supplemented DS with the application rates of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0%, in which vegetation of P. tomentosa was monitored. The results confirmed that the incorporation of biochar enriched DS with the essential plant nutrients (P, Ca, and S), stimulated biomass yield and improved the plant’s photosynthetic performance by up to 3.36 and 80.0 times, respectively; the observed effects were correlated with the application rates. In addition, biochar enhanced the phytostabilisation of organic contaminants and shifted the primary accumulation of potentially toxic elements from the aboveground biomass to the roots. In spite of the inspiring results, further research has to concentrate on the investigation of the mechanisms of improvement the plant’s development depending on biochar’s properties and application rate and studying the biochar’s mitigation effects in the explored DS research system.
Influencing Factors and Formation Mechanism of Carbon Emission Rights Prices in Shanghai, China
Authors: Qu Guoli , Guo Chengwei , Cui Jindong
Published: October 2024

With the intensification of global climate change issues and increasingly stringent carbon emission controls, carbon emissions trading has become a crucial market-based mechanism for reducing carbon emissions. A deeper understanding of the factors influencing carbon emission rights prices and their formation mechanisms can enhance market transparency and effectiveness and promote the healthy development of the carbon trading market. This paper identifies the main factors affecting carbon emission rights prices and explores their formation mechanisms from both the internal and external perspectives of enterprises. Using a vector autoregression (VAR) model, it quantifies the impacts of energy prices, the climate, and technology levels on carbon trading prices in Shanghai, China. The results show that, in the short term, enterprise technology levels and energy prices significantly impact carbon emission rights prices, while the climate becomes more critical in the medium to long term. These findings propose specific policy recommendations for improving the carbon emissions trading market, with a focus on these three factors.
Integrated Design Methods for Sustainable Public Seating in Urban Communities—A Shanghai Case Study
Authors: Zhang Zhang , Sun Qiqi
Published: October 2024

In the context of sustainable regeneration of urban communities, the sustainable construction of community urban furniture has gradually been emphasized. This study focuses on the existing problems of experience, culture, environmental protection, function, and other aspects of community urban furniture; starts from the user’s perspective to screen the user’s sustainable design needs for community public seating; and combines the scientific method to quantify and transform them into design factors to form a reasonable community sustainable public seating design program. Taking the public seating in Gumei Community Park in Shanghai as an example, the study adopts the qualitative research method to obtain demand indicators of users. It utilizes the integrated design framework of “AHP-QFD-FBS” to quantify the user needs and maps them into the product structure to identify the ten factors affecting the sustainability of public seating. A community co-creation workshop was conducted to complete a sustainability assessment with the help of life cycle assessment and scales. From the perspective of residents’ needs, it emphasizes the scientific process of demand transformation and ultimately produces sustainable design factors and serialized products for public seating. This approach introduces new ideas for the sustainable renewal of urban furniture and enhances the quality of urban residents’ leisure time.
Strategies for Enhancing Sharing Economy Practices Across Diverse Industries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rathnayake Ishara , Ochoa J. Jorge , Gu Ning , Rameezdeen Raufdeen , Statsenko Larissa , Sandhu Sukhbir
Published: October 2024

The sharing economy (SE) is a nascent phenomenon representing a socio-economic process to optimise underutilised resources through digital platforms. This process facilitates the shared consumption of resources to maximise resource utilisation while supporting the circularity of resources. However, the successful operation of SE practices is hindered by the lack of identification of effective strategies for enhancing the SE implications, which are essential to comprehending SE practices and developing more sophisticated applications. Therefore, this research aims to provide the first insights into the strategies that enhance SE practices across diverse industries and identify knowledge gaps and future research directions. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted by selecting articles published in the 2014–2023 period in Scopus and Web of Science databases. Selected articles were subjected to descriptive and NVivo 14-supported thematic analyses. The descriptive analysis showed that, despite considering articles published in the last 10 years, all relevant articles were published in the last 5 years. Developed and developing countries showed almost equal contributions, while China was recognised as the country with the highest number of publications. Accommodation and transportation sectors were reported as the sectors with the highest number of publications. A cross-analysis was conducted to recognise the varying utilisation of different strategies across diverse industries and sectors. Ten different categories were identified through the thematic analysis that enhance SE practices: economic; environmental; geographic; governance; health, safety, and security; marketing; people; product/services; research, training, education; and technology-related strategies. Each category was discussed along with its relevant strategies, resulting in identifying a total of 84 strategies. These strategies were then presented alongside the responsible parties tasked with their implementation. The study contributes to the SE literature by providing an SLR for contemporary strategies utilised to enhance SE practices, specifically focusing on elucidating the most appropriate categorisation of these strategies. Moreover, this comprehensive SLR provides the first insights into the effective strategies that enhance SE practices across diverse industries.
From Plate to Planet: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Strategies to Reduce Plate Food Waste at Food Services
Authors: Guimarães Nathalia Sernizon , Reis Marcela Gomes , Júnior Fernando Eustáquio de Matos , Fontes Luciano de Alvarenga , Raposo António , Saraiva Ariana , Zandonadi Renata Puppin , Alturki Hmidan A. , Albaridi Najla A. , de Carvalho Izabela M. Montezano
Published: October 2024

Annually, over 931 million tons of plate food waste is generated in food services, affecting various aspects of sustainability. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate the most effective strategies or actions to reduce plate food waste. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following a PROSPERO-registered protocol [#CRD42024501971], searching multiple databases and gray literature until August 2024. Studies evaluating strategies and actions against waste in various food services [restaurants, institutional services in hospitals, childcare centers, schools, universities, or businesses] were included, with no language, location, or date restrictions. The risk of bias was assessed using JBI tools. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed in R (version 4.2.1), with subgroup analyses based on intervention type, food service type, meal type, management, and distribution systems. Of the 6070 studies, 18 were included in the narrative synthesis and 6 in the meta-analysis. The most effective strategies or actions targeted clients (vs. employees), meals on plates (vs. trays), school canteens (vs. other services), self-managed establishments (vs. outsourced), and à la carte services (vs. self-service). In this sense, strategies focusing on clients, plate-served meals, school canteens, self-management, and à la carte services are more effective in reducing food waste. Further actions are needed in other areas like customers, trays, different kitchen types, outsourced services, and self-service menus.
Exploring the Relationship Between Video Game Engagement and Creative Thinking in Academic Environments: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alwhaibi Reem M. , Alotaibi Manar S. , Almutairi Sara F. , Alkhudhayr Juri E. , Alanazi Reema F. , Al Jamil Haya F. , Aygun Yalin
Published: October 2024

This study explores the relationship between video game engagement and creative thinking among university students in an academic setting. Utilizing a descriptive cross-sectional qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 university students aged 17–25 years, from various academic disciplines. The sample, predominantly female (57.5%) and aged 22 years (27.5%), provided diverse perspectives on the impact of video games on their academic and creative capabilities. The thematic analysis of the interviews revealed significant insights into how video games may enhance creative problem-solving skills and overall creative thinking in an educational context. The study found that a high percentage of participants (47.5%) had a grade point average (GPA) of 4.0, suggesting a potential link between academic performance and video gaming habits. The results highlight the need for further research into specific game genres and their distinct influences on creativity among different demographics. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on the cognitive benefits of video games and their potential to foster creative skills in higher education environments.
A Systematic Literature Review of the Integration of Total Quality Management and Industry 4.0: Enhancing Sustainability Performance Through Dynamic Capabilities
Authors: Aichouni Ahmed Baha Eddine , Silva Cristóvão , Ferreira Luís Miguel D. F.
Published: October 2024

It is imperative to integrate advanced technologies and management practices to achieve operational excellence and sustainability in the contemporary manufacturing landscape, which is characterized by intense competitive pressures and stringent sustainability regulations. This systematic review of several databases from 1997 to 2024 was conducted in line with PRISMA guidelines to investigate how Industry 4.0 and Total Quality Management (TQM) integration can enhance sustainability performance in manufacturing organizations. Grounded within the dynamic capabilities framework, this research identifies the key drivers and barriers to adopting Industry 4.0 and examines their impact on the implementation of TQM. The findings reveal that technologies significantly enhance TQM by improving operational efficiency, reducing waste, and boosting product quality. However, barriers such as resource constraints, resistance to change, and data privacy concerns hinder this integration. This research suggests that dynamic capabilities—sensing, learning, coordinating, and integrating—are critical for successfully merging Industry 4.0 and TQM. This research enhances the academic dialogue on integrating Industry 4.0 and TQM by offering foundational insights into their theoretical and practical implications to achieve sustainability goals.
An Environmental Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Management Strategies in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Comparative Life Cycle Analysis
Authors: Almansour Mohammed , Akrami Mohammad
Published: October 2024

The environmental implications of various municipal solid waste (MSW) management systems in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, were analysed considering the Riyadh Green Initiative through a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). This study evaluates five distinct scenarios: unsanitary landfilling (Sc0), incineration (Sc1), and a combination of technologies such as anaerobic digestion (AD) and a material recovery facility (MRF) in scenarios Sc2–Sc4. These scenarios were assessed using GaBi 9.2.1 software, employing the impact methodology outlined by CML (2001) to evaluate eight impact categories, including Global Warming and Acidification Potentials, among others. The findings indicate that scenarios incorporating the treatment of 100% of recyclable and organic waste through AD exhibited substantial environmental benefits. Additionally, Sc2 demonstrated the lowest environmental burdens across all impact categories. In contrast, Sc0 ranked the worst in all categories due to the absence of gas and leachate treatment. The results were shown to be reliable when compared qualitatively to previous studies. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess this study’s system boundaries and the impact of the MRF rate. Overall, this research provides valuable insights for optimising MSW management practices in Riyadh, aiming to reduce their environmental impacts and align with the goals of the Riyadh Green Initiative.
Promoting Sustainable Mobility: A Walkability Analysis for School Zone Safety
Authors: Swami Mansha , Pathak Chandrika , Swami Sankalp , Jeihani Mansoureh
Published: October 2024

Promoting sustainable mobility and planning walkable school zones is a pressing priority, as it involves the movement of Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs), such as children aged 5–19, along with adult companions, parents, and school staff or faculty. If these children have a safe walking experience today, they will grow up to become ambassadors of sustainable mobility. In this study, several school zone areas were considered in the capital city of India, Delhi. To conduct a comprehensive walkability analysis, three distinct methods were employed: a stakeholder survey, an evaluation of existing walkable corridors, and a microscopic simulation using the Social Force Model (SFM). The limited focus on school zone safety issues in developing nations presents a case for studying the specific concerns of the school zone pedestrians, aiming to assess the magnitude of the problem, provide design centric solutions, and pick an efficient solution for implementation. The results highlight the parameters influencing pedestrian safety in school zones and their effect on pedestrian attributes. This research work can be replicated for school zone safety assessments across the world. This study will benefit the policymakers, urban planners, local government agencies, and traffic management professionals by assisting them in evaluating the walkability of school zones and promoting sustainable mobility choices.
Analysis of Perceptions and Requirements for Creative Experiential Activity Curriculum for the Revision of Special Education in South Korea
Authors: Kim Joungmin , Park Esther
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the perspectives of key stakeholders—teachers, principals, and parents of students with disabilities—regarding the 2022 Revised Curriculum, which integrates sustainability and climate change education into the Creative Experiential Activity (CEA) curriculum in special education. It focuses on their perceptions and needs for improving CEA to reflect hands-on learning and sustainable development goals (SDGs), particularly in areas like ICT integration and social inclusion. Through a focus group interview (FGI) and the KJ method of analysis, key themes were derived and organized into six levels to structure the transcripts. The teacher group identified 69 perceptions and 73 needs, with main themes related to ‘extracurricular operation status’, ‘evaluation of extracurricular activities’, and ‘experience activities’. Their needs highlighted ‘suggestions for the revised curriculum’ and ‘expectations for new activities’. The school expert group recognized 37 issues and expressed 74 needs, focusing on incorporating ICT and SDGs, particularly SDG 4 (Quality Education) and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) into the revised curriculum. The parent group, with 58 recognitions and 56 needs, expressed perceptions of extracurricular activities in terms of ‘related knowledge’, ‘negative emotions’, ‘school status’, and ‘positive attitude toward their child’s participation’. Their primary needs included ‘request for student guidance’, ‘expectation for successful social integration of children (SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being)’, and ‘opportunities for participation in education’. Furthermore, this study addresses gaps previously unexamined in the field of special education by analyzing the distinctive needs of special education settings and proposing concrete solutions to address these unmet needs. The findings underscore the necessity of tailoring educational content to the diverse needs of students with disabilities, promoting inclusive practices that align with SDGs and reflect the evolving educational landscape in special education.
Assessing the Potential Impacts of Contaminants on the Water Quality of Lake Victoria: Two Case Studies in Uganda
Authors: Nalumenya Brian , Rubinato Matteo , Catterson Jade , Kennedy Michael , Bakamwesiga Hilary , Wabwire Disan
Published: October 2024

Nutrients are essential for the growth of aquatic life; however, in excess, they can result in a decline in water quality, posing serious risks to both human and aquatic organisms. Human activities, such as urbanisation, industry, and farming, can increase the amount of nutrients and other elements that reach receiving waterbodies like Lake Victoria in Uganda, which can be problematic at elevated levels. There is therefore a strong need to evaluate recent changes in pollutant concentrations and their potential negative effects. To contribute to this gap and to explore the pollutant changes in Lake Victoria, a series of water chemistry data (phosphate, nitrate, potassium, ammonium, sodium, sulphate, silica and chlorine) was collected between 2016 and 2023 in Uganda’s Napoleon Gulf (NG) and Murchison Bay (MB), primarily by the Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE). These locations were chosen based on their vicinity to expanding urban centres and agriculture, and they are also areas where fishing frequently occurs. The datasets were collected at different water depths (0.5–24 m). Data were analysed with the use of IBM’s Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 28.0) software and confirmed the excessive concentrations of pollutants within MB compared to NG. The analysis identified the different nutrient types that exceeded internationally recognised thresholds relating to acceptable water quality during the data collection period. Seasonal variations were observed, during the dry season; nutrient levels, however, in NG showed higher nutrient concentrations during the wet season. The study’s capacity to inform local authorities and policymakers about such potential major sources of pollution is of crucial importance for beginning to address the potential impacts on human health and aquatic life.
Indigenous and Local Knowledge: Instruments Towards Achieving SDG2: A Review in an African Context
Authors: Kom Zongho , Nethengwe Nthaduleni Samuel
Published: October 2024

This study seeks to review African indigenous and local knowledge in farming systems that are used as instruments for the achievement of sustainable development. Hence the idea of sustainability, indigenous and local knowledge paying reference to Zero Hunger. Limited studies have indicated the importance of indigenous knowledge systems as a fundamental driver for the achievement of SDG2 by 2030. This study envisioned the idea of sustainable development in the context of indigenous and local knowledge as a potential for achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 2. Hence, it emphasizes the necessity of a radical investigation of Indigenous knowledge practices for a more effective local farming system in the African setting that is inclusive and driven by the Indigenous community to harness the untapped riches of indigenous knowledge. Local and Indigenous knowledge are regarded as knowledge systems possessed by cultural groups and, based on their experience and adaptability to local culture and environment, it is important for development, particularly in food security. The study concludes by urging further potential investigation into whether indigenous and traditional knowledge systems as tools can be used to accomplish Sustainable Development Goals in practice.
Non-Periodic Quantized Model Predictive Control Method for Underwater Dynamic Docking
Authors: Ni Tian , Sima Can , Qi Liang , Xu Minghao , Wang Junlin , Tang Runkang , Zhang Lindan
Published: October 2024

This study proposed an event-triggered quantized model predictive control (ETQMPC) method for the dynamic docking of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) and human-occupied vehicles (HOVs). The proposed strategy employed a non-periodic control approach that initiated the non-linear model predictive control (NMPC) optimization and state sampling based on tracking errors and deviations from the predicted optimal state, thereby enhancing computing performance and system efficiency without compromising the control quality. To further conserve communication resources and improve information transfer efficiency, a quantitative feedback mechanism was employed for sampling and state quantification. The simulation experiments were performed to verify the effectiveness of the method, demonstrating excellent docking trajectory tracking performance, robustness against bounded current interference, and significant reductions in computational and communication burdens. The experimental results demonstrated that the method outperformed in the docking trajectory tracking control performance significantly improved the computational and communication performance, and comprehensively improved the system efficiency.
Chen-like Inequalities for Submanifolds in Kähler Manifolds Admitting Semi-Symmetric Non-Metric Connections
Authors: Mihai Ion , Olteanu Andreea
Published: October 2024

The geometry of submanifolds in Kähler manifolds is an important research topic. In the present paper, we study submanifolds in complex space forms admitting a semi-symmetric non-metric connection. We prove the Chen–Ricci inequality, Chen basic inequality, and a generalized Euler inequality for such submanifolds. These inequalities provide estimations of the mean curvature (the main extrinsic invariants) in terms of intrinsic invariants: Ricci curvature, the Chen invariant, and scalar curvature. In the proofs, we use the sectional curvature of a semi-symmetric, non-metric connection recently defined by A. Mihai and the first author, as well as its properties.
The Connections Between Attribute-Induced and Object-Induced Decision Rules in Incomplete Formal Contexts
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Zhi Huilai , Li Yinan , Zhu Daxin , Xiahou Jianbing
Published: October 2024

For a given incomplete context, object-induced approximate concepts have been defined, and this type of approximate concept can induce a type of decision rule. Based on the duality principle, another set of approximate concepts can be defined from the perspective of attributes, i.e., attribute-induced approximate concepts. Although object induced approximate concepts and attribute induced approximate concepts are symmetrical by duality principle, their induced decision rules exhibit different properties and the connections between attribute induced decision rules and object induced decision rules in incomplete formal contexts are not clear. To this end, a type of attribute-induced approximate concept and a method of extracting attribute-induced decision rules are presented. More importantly, it is revealed that given a type of decision rules, there must be corresponding decision rules of the other type, and both of them can provide some useful information, but they are not equivalent to each other. In other words, each type of decision rule can provide some unique and irreplaceable information.
Optimal Flexibility Dispatching of Multi-Pumped Hydro Storage Stations Considering the Uncertainty of Renewable Energy
Authors: Chen Xinyi , Wu Pan , He Hongyu , Song Bingbing , Qin Kangping , Teng Xiaobi , Yang Fan , Li Dongdong
Published: October 2024

With the continuous increase in the penetration rate of renewable energy, the randomness and flexibility demand in the power system continues to increase. The main grid side of the power system vigorously develops pumped hydro storage (PHS) resources. However, the current PHS station scheduling method of a fixed time period and fixed power has lost a certain flexibility supply. In this paper, an optimal dispatching model of multi-pumped hydro storage stations is proposed to supply flexibility for different regions of the state grid in east China. Firstly, the credible predictable power (CPP) of renewable energy is calculated and the definition of flexibility demand of a power system is given. The calculation model for flexibility demand is established. Secondly, considering the regional allocation constraint in the state grid in east China, a non-centralized model of multi-PHS within the dispatch scope is established. In the model, the constraints of storage capacity of different hydropower conversion coefficients of each PHS station is considered. The flexibility supply model of PHS stations to each region of the state grid in east China is established to realize reasonable flexibility allocation. Then, by combining the PHS station models and the flexibility demand calculation model, the optimal dispatching model for the flexibility supply of multi-PHS stations is established. Finally, based on the network dispatching example, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed strategy are verified by a case study.
Circular–Sustainable–Reliable Waste Management System Design: A Possibilistic Multi-Objective Mixed-Integer Linear Programming Model
Authors: Tirkolaee Erfan Babaee
Published: October 2024

Waste management involves the systematic collection, transportation, processing, and treatment of waste materials generated by human activities. It entails a variety of strategies and technologies to diminish environmental impacts, protect public health, and conserve resources. Consequently, providing an effective and comprehensive optimization approach plays a critical role in minimizing waste generation, maximizing recycling and reuse, and safely disposing of waste. This work develops a novel Possibilistic Multi-Objective Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (PMOMILP) model in order to formulate the problem and design a circular–sustainable–reliable waste management network, under uncertainty. The possibility of recycling and recovery are considered across incineration and disposal processes to address the main circular-economy principles. The objectives are to address sustainable development throughout minimizing the total cost, minimizing the environmental impact, and maximizing the reliability of the Waste Management System (WMS). The Lp-metric technique is then implemented into the model to tackle the multi-objectiveness. Several benchmarks are adapted from the literature in order to validate the efficacy of the proposed methodology, and are treated by CPLEX solver/GAMS software in less than 174.70 s, on average. Moreover, a set of sensitivity analyses is performed to appraise different scenarios and explore utilitarian managerial implications and decision aids. It is demonstrated that the configured WMS network is highly sensitive to the specific time period wherein the WMS does not fail.
Correction: Spours, K. From Learning Ecologies to a Social Ecosystem Model for Learning and Skills. Systems 2024, 12, 324
Authors: Spours Ken
Published: October 2024

In the published article [...]
X-RMTV: An Integrated Approach for Requirement Modeling, Traceability Management, and Verification in MBSE
Authors: Gu Pengfei , Zhang Yuteng , Chen Zhen , Zhao Chun , Xie Kunyu , Wu Zhuoyi , Zhang Lin
Published: October 2024

Formal requirements modeling and traceability management are essential for effectively implementing Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). However, few studies have explored the integration of requirement modeling, traceability management, and verification within MBSE-based systems engineering methodologies. Moreover, the predominant modeling language for MBSE, SysML, lacks sufficient capabilities for requirement description and traceability management and for depicting physical attributes and executable capabilities, making it challenging to verify functional and non-functional requirements collaboratively. This paper proposes an integrated approach for requirement modeling, traceability management, and verification, building on the previously proposed integrated modeling and the simulation language called X language. Our contributions primarily include defining the ReqXL specification for MBSE-oriented requirement modeling based on X language, proposing an algorithm for automatically generating requirement traces, and an integrated framework for requirements modeling, traceability management, and verification was developed by combining the X language with ReqXL. These functionalities were customized on the self-developed integrated modeling and simulation platform, XLab, which is specifically tailored for the X language. Furthermore, we showcase the efficacy and promise of our approach through a case study involving the design of an aircraft electrical system.
Design Thinking in Innovation Processes: A Market Segmentation Tool in Social Networks Research
Authors: Hartman Richard , Kvasnička Roman , Čejka Martin , Pilař Ladislav
Published: October 2024

This paper outlines the purposeful adaptation and utilization of the design thinking process in an innovation case involving market segmentation in social network research. Based on a case study, this paper combines the design thinking process with systems approach methods to foster innovation in social network analyses. The paper details the entire process, from the initial stages to the development of a viable solution defined in the final assignment for programmers. The case study emphasizes the effective use of systems thinking tools and demonstrates the value of combining these two approaches to meet the needs of the innovation process. The paper aims to narrate the entire process and highlight critical points in a real-world case study. The focus was on the challenge of creating a market segmentation tool for researchers and marketers in the realm of social network analysis.
The Role of Machine Learning in Enhancing Particulate Matter Estimation: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Alkhodaidi Amjad , Attiah Afraa , Mhawish Alaa , Hakeem Abeer
Published: October 2024

As urbanization and industrial activities accelerate globally, air quality has become a pressing concern, particularly due to the harmful effects of particulate matter (PM), notably PM2.5 and PM10. This review paper presents a comprehensive systematic assessment of machine learning (ML) techniques for estimating PM concentrations, drawing on studies published from 2018 to 2024. Traditional statistical methods often fail to account for the complex dynamics of air pollution, leading to inaccurate predictions, especially during peak pollution events. In contrast, ML approaches have emerged as powerful tools that leverage large datasets to capture nonlinear, intricate relationships among various environmental, meteorological, and anthropogenic factors. This review synthesizes findings from 32 studies, demonstrating that ML techniques, particularly ensemble learning models, significantly enhance estimation accuracy. However, challenges remain, including data quality, the need for diverse and balanced datasets, issues related to feature selection, and spatial discontinuity. This paper identifies critical research gaps and proposes future directions to improve model robustness and applicability. By advancing the understanding of ML applications in air quality monitoring, this review seeks to contribute to developing effective strategies for mitigating air pollution and protecting public health.
Novel Genetic Optimization Techniques for Accurate Social Media Data Summarization and Classification Using Deep Learning Models
Authors: Ghanem Fahd A. , Padma M. C. , Abdulwahab Hudhaifa M. , Alkhatib Ramez
Published: October 2024

In the era of big data, effectively processing and understanding the vast quantities of brief texts on social media platforms like Twitter (X) is a significant challenge. This paper introduces a novel approach to automatic text summarization aimed at improving accuracy while minimizing redundancy. The proposed method involves a two-step process: first, feature extraction using term frequency–inverse document frequency (TF–IDF), and second, summary extraction through genetic optimized fully connected convolutional neural networks (GO-FC-CNNs). The approach was evaluated on datasets from the Kaggle collection, focusing on topics like FIFA, farmer demonstrations, and COVID-19, demonstrating its versatility across different domains. Preprocessing steps such as tokenization, stemming, stop word s removal, and keyword identification were employed to handle unprocessed data. The integration of genetic optimization into the neural network significantly improved performance compared to traditional methods. Evaluation using the ROUGE criteria showed that the proposed method achieved higher accuracy (98.00%), precision (98.30%), recall (98.72%), and F1-score (98.61%) than existing approaches. These findings suggest that this method can help create a reliable and effective system for large-scale social media data processing, enhancing data dissemination and decision-making.
Effect of Electrode Positioning on Electrokinetic Remediation of Contaminated Soft Clay with Surface Electrolyte
Authors: Sun Zhaohua , Xu Shuwen , Zhang Jianming , Eugene Beukes Demarscho , Li Sheng
Published: October 2024

Soft clay contamination is an increasingly global issue with significant implications for land development and human health. Electrokinetic remediation (EKR) has demonstrated significant potential for cleaning contaminated soils. It is crucial to develop efficient processes that minimize environmental impact and reduce costs. A series of citric acid (CA)-enhanced EKR tests were conducted using a novel experimental setup, with the electrolyte positioned above the soil surface, to examine the impact of four different electrode arrangements on the effectiveness of EKR. The position of the electrode end had a significant impact on the migration of ions in the anolyte and catholyte, which in turn affected the volume reduction in the anolyte, the magnitude of the current, and the migration of heavy metals. The electrode arrangement mode c (electrodes suspended in the electrolytes) can enhance the migration of the anolyte and reduce the drainage of the soil, making it an effective measure for improving the removal rate of heavy metals. After the heavy metal remediation is complete, the bearing capacity of the soil should be increased. Changing the electrode arrangement to mode d (anode suspended in the anolyte, a very small part of the cathode inserted into the soil) is an effective measure for reducing the soil water content and improving soil strength.
Microplastic Transport and Accumulation in Rural Waterbodies: Insights from a Small Catchment in East China
Authors: Lotz Tom , Chen Wenjun , Su Shoubao
Published: October 2024

Microplastic (MP) pollution in agricultural ecosystems is an emerging environmental concern, with limited knowledge of its transport and accumulation in rural waterbodies. This study investigates the distribution and sources of MP in drainage ditches influenced by pond connectivity, land use, and soil properties within a small catchment in Nanjing, East China. Sediment was collected from ditches in 18 sites across forest, agricultural, horticultural, and urban areas. Using laser-directed infrared spectroscopy (LDIR), 922 MP particles were identified. Six materials were dominant: fluororubber (FR), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane (PU), acrylonitrile (ACR), chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), and polyethylene (PE). MP concentrations varied by land use and pond connectivity, with ditches above ponds exhibiting higher counts (1700 particles/kg) than those below (1050 particles/kg), indicating that ponds act as MP sinks. The analysis revealed site-specific MP sources, with FR linked to road runoff and PET associated with agricultural practices. Correlations between MP shape and soil properties showed that more compact and filled shapes were more commonly associated with coarser soils. PE particle size was negatively correlated with organic matter. This study highlights the need for targeted strategies to reduce MP pollution in rural landscapes, such as reducing plastic use, ditch maintenance, and improved road runoff management.
The Physiological Response of Salix matsudana for Water Pollution by 2,4-Dinitrophenol
Authors: Xie Huicheng , Fu Yikang , Fu Degang , Lin Dengfeng , Zhou Huimin , Fu Guilong , Li Hui , Liu Jinxin , Zheng Xiuguo , Li Kun
Published: October 2024

In this study, the effects of different concentrations of 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) stress on physiological parameters, as well as the uptake and removal of 2,4-DNP in Salix matsudana, were investigated using hydroponic simulation experiments to explore the potential of the use of Salix matsudana in the phytoremediation of wastewater polluted by 2,4-DNP. The results showed that PN (net photosynthetic rate), Tr (transpiration rate), Gs (stomatal conductance), Ls (stomatal limitation value), Fv/Fm (maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry), and qp (photochemical quenching coefficient) of Salix matsudana seedlings showed an overall decreasing trend, while Ci (intercellular CO2 concentration) showed an increasing trend with the increase in 2,4-DNP concentration. The net photosynthetic rate and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration showed an opposite trend in the leaves with the increase in 2,4-DNP stress concentration, and the inhibition of net photosynthesis by 2,4-DNP on Salix matsudana seedlings was mainly based on non-stomatal factors. In the 15 d incubation experiment, the values of SOD (superoxide dismutase), POD (peroxidase), and CAT (catalase) indexes were higher at low concentrations of 2,4-DNP stress, and all three enzymes reached their maximum values at 10 mg L−1 of 2,4-DNP and then decreased. Salix matsudana seedlings could tolerate 2,4-DNP stress well, which did not exceed 20 mg L−1. The toxicity of 2,4-DNP solution was significantly reduced after purification by Salix matsudana seedlings. The removal rate of 2,4-DNP was higher than 80% in each treatment group by Salix matsudana purified after 15 days. When the concentration of 2,4-DNP reached 20 mg L−1, the contents of MDA (malonicdialdehyde) were 55.62 mmol g−1, and the values of REC (relative conductivity) and LD (leaf damage) were 63.51% and 59.93%, respectively. The structure and function of the cell membrane in leaves were seriously damaged. With the increase in 2,4-DNP concentration, the removal of 2,4-DNP by Salix matsudana seedlings showed a decreasing trend. When the 2,4-DNP concentration was 5 mg L−1, the highest removal rate of 2,4-DNP by Salix matsudana seedlings was 95.98%, while when the 2,4-DNP concentration was 20 mg L−1, the highest removal rate was 86.76%. It is noted that the suitable, recommended concentration for the phytoremediation of 2,4-DNP contamination by Salix matsudana seedlings is between 8.81 and 13.78 mg L−1.
Response to Treatment with Botulinum Neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) in Children and Adolescents with Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction and Idiopathic Overactive Bladder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Panunzio Andrea , Orlando Rossella , Mazzucato Giovanni , Costantino Sonia , Marafioti Patuzzo Giulia , Cerrato Clara , De Mitri Rita , Pagliarulo Vincenzo , Tafuri Alessandro , Porcaro Antonio Benito , Antonelli Alessandro , Bertolo Riccardo Giuseppe , Giacomello Luca , Cerruto Maria Angela
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) is a treatment option for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunctions (NLUTD) and idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB) in adults. Recently, its use has gained popularity in paediatric urology. Transitional urology deals with adolescents affected by congenital urological issues, who mature into adulthood. The aim of this systematic review was to update the current knowledge on the use of BoNT-A in children and adolescents. Methods: A comprehensive search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was performed from articles published up to September 2024. Both prospective and retrospective single-cohort or comparative studies evaluating outcomes of interest were included. These consisted of the amelioration of urinary incontinence (UI), continence rates, improvement of urodynamic parameters (maximum detrusor pressure during voiding, maximum bladder capacity, and bladder compliance), and type and prevalence of adverse/side effects. Qualitative and quantitative data syntheses were provided. Moderators and meta-regression analyses were carried out as well. Results: Forty-one full-text manuscripts were selected of which 26 focused on children with NLUTD, 13 on idiopathic OAB, and two on both conditions. Overall, 1521 patients were included of whom 715 were male, 646 female, and 160 of unknown sex. Mean age varied between 5.6 and 15.6 years. No studies specifically focused on transitional urology, despite patients up to at least 17 years of age being included. Several differences existed in design, type, dose, way of administration, outcomes measured and follow-up time; however, all studies independently showed an improvement of UI and urodynamic parameters with no major side/adverse events. Pooled analysis showed a mean rate of improvement in UI scores/episodes of 75.87% within a period of 3–6 months following BoNT-A treatment. Meta-regression analyses demonstrated a significant correlation between dryness rate and both patients’ age (negative) and bladder compliance (positive). Conclusions: Several uncontrolled or comparative studies provided significative evidence of the clinical benefit and safety of BoNT-A administration in children in terms of UI relief and improvement of urodynamic parameters, with neurogenic aetiologies being the most investigated conditions. A reduced bladder compliance was identified as one of the potential predictors of poor response to BoNT-A. Moreover, the earlier the treatment was started the higher the success rate that was reached in terms of dryness/urinary continence achievement.
Host Preferences and Impact of Climate on Blood Feeding in Anopheles funestus Group from South Africa
Authors: Mwamba Tshiama Miriam , Dahan-Moss Yael , Munhenga Givemore , Maposa Innocent , Koekemoer Lizette Leonie
Published: October 2024

Anopheles vaneedeni and Anopheles parensis (members of the An. funestus group) are generally not considered malaria vectors. However, both species were recently identified as potential vectors in South Africa. A critical factor needed to determine their role in malaria transmission is their preference for human blood. The human blood index of An. vaneedeni and An. parensis and their potential role in the ongoing residual malaria transmission in South Africa is unknown. This study aimed to identify host blood meals from the wild-caught An. funestus group in a longitudinal study, and to establish the relationship between temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation on host feeding preferences. Anopheles leesoni, An. parensis, An. vaneedeni, and Anopheles rivulorum were collected, and females mainly fed on cattle. Climatic parameters did not influence the host feeding preferences of these four members of the An. funestus group, but impacted the proportion of females that took a blood meal. Significant changes in feeding proportions were driven by relative humidity, temperature, and precipitation. The role of these species in the ongoing residual malaria transmission in South Africa needs further investigation, as no human blood meals were identified. It is recommended that vector surveillance teams incorporate climatic monitoring and host blood meal identification into their routine activities. This information could provide the malaria vector control programmes with scientific evidence to evaluate the importance of the An. funestus group in residual malaria transmission.
Universal Properties of the Evolution of the Universe in Modified Loop Quantum Cosmology
Authors: Saeed Jamal , Pan Rui , Brown Christian , Cleaver Gerald , Wang Anzhong
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we systematically study the evolution of the Universe within the framework of a modified loop quantum cosmological model (mLQC-I) using various inflationary potentials, including chaotic, Starobinsky, generalized Starobinsky, polynomials of the first and second kinds, generalized T-models and natural inflation. In all these models, the big bang singularity is replaced by a quantum bounce, and the evolution of the Universe, both before and after the bounce, is universal and weakly dependent on the inflationary potentials, as long as the evolution is dominated by the kinetic energy of the inflaton at the bounce. In particular, the pre-bounce evolution can be universally divided into three different phases: pre-bouncing, pre-transition, and pre-de Sitter. The pre-bouncing phase occurs immediately before the quantum bounce, during which the evolution of the Universe is dominated by the kinetic energy of the inflaton. Thus, the equation of state of the inflaton is about one, w(ϕ)≃1. Soon, the inflation potential takes over, so w(ϕ) rapidly falls from one to negative one. This pre-transition phase is very short and quickly turns into the pre-de Sitter phase, whereby the effective cosmological constant of Planck size takes over and dominates the rest of the contracting phase. Throughout the entire pre-bounce regime, the evolution of both the expansion factor and the inflaton can be approximated by universal analytical solutions, independent of the specific inflation potentials.