bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Actual and Time-Optimized Flight Trajectories in the Context of the In-Service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) Programme
Authors: Boucher Olivier , Bellouin Nicolas , Clark Hannah , Gryspeerdt Edward , Karadayi Julien
Published: August 2023

Airlines optimize flight trajectories in order to minimize their operational costs, of which fuel consumption is a large contributor. It is known that flight trajectories are not fuel-optimal because of airspace congestion and restrictions, safety regulations, bad weather and other operational constraints. However, the extent to which trajectories are not fuel-optimal (and therefore CO2-optimal) is not well known. In this study, we present two methods for optimizing the flight cruising time by taking best advantage of the wind pattern at a given flight level and for constant airspeed. We test these methods against actual flight trajectories recorded under the In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) programme. One method is more robust than the other (computationally faster) method, but when successful, the two methods agree very well with each other, with optima generally within the order of 0.1%. The IAGOS actual cruising trajectories are on average 1% longer than the computed optimal for the transatlantic route, which leaves little room for improvement given that by construction the actual trajectory cannot be better than our optimum. The average degree of non-optimality is larger for some other routes and can be up to 10%. On some routes, there are also outlier flights that are not well optimized; however, the reason for this is not known.
Recent Advances and Perspectives in Single-Ion COF-Based Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Zhao Hong , Bo Xiangkun , Wang Xiucai , Ren Yaqi , Wei Zhaohuan , Daoud Walid A.
Published: August 2023

The rapid growth of renewable energy sources and the expanding market for electric vehicles (EVs) have escalated the demand for safe lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with excellent performance. But the limitations of safety issues and energy density for LIBs continue to be obstacles to their future use. Recently, single-ion covalent-organic-framework-based (COF-based) solid electrolytes have emerged as a promising avenue to address the limitations of traditional liquid electrolytes and enhance the performance of LIBs. COFs have a porous structure and abundant electron-donating groups, enabling the construction of an available ionic conductive network. So, COFs are the subject of extensive and in-depth investigation, especially in terms of the impacts their adjustable porous structure and tunable chemistry on the research of ionic transport thermodynamics and transport kinetics. In this perspective, we present a comprehensive and significant overview of the recent development progress of single-ion COF-based solid electrolytes, highlighting their rare performance and potential applications in solid lithium batteries. This review illustrates the merits of single-ion conducting solid electrolytes and single-ion COF conductor-based solid electrolytes. Furthermore, the properties of anionic, cationic, and hybrid single-ion COF-based conducting electrolytes are discussed, and their electrochemical performance is also compared when applied in Li-ion batteries. Finally, to solve challenges in COF-based Li-ion batteries, strategies are provided to obtain a high lifespan, rate performance, and stable and safe batteries. This work is promising to offer valuable insights for researchers and the energy storage industry.
Diurnal Variation of L-Arginine and the Cardiovascular Risk Markers Asymmetric and Symmetric Dimethylarginine and Homoarginine in Rotating Night Shift Workers and Controls
Authors: Hannemann Juliane , Skene Debra J. , Middleton Benita , Schwedhelm Edzard , Laing Anika , Böger Rainer
Published: August 2023

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) interfere with nitric oxide (NO) formation from L-arginine via different mechanisms. ADMA is a biomarker of cardiovascular disease and mortality, whilst SDMA is a biomarker of mortality after ischemic stroke. Homoarginine, another L-arginine-derived amino acid, is associated with stroke and congestive heart failure. Acute ischemic events like myocardial infarction show a time-of-day variation in the timing of their onset, as do NO-mediated vascular function and blood pressure. We studied whether the plasma concentrations of L-arginine-related amino acid metabolites show diurnal variation in a clinical study comparing 12 non-night shift workers with 60 rotating night shift workers. The plasma concentrations of L-arginine-related biomarkers, melatonin, and cortisol were measured every 3 h during a 24-h period. In addition, 24-h blood pressure recordings were performed. In non-night shift workers, L-arginine and homoarginine plasma concentrations showed diurnal variation with a 12-h period, which were both attenuated in night shift workers. ADMA and SDMA showed a 24-h rhythmicity with no significant differences in phase between night shift and non-night shift workers. The plasma profiles of melatonin and cortisol were not significantly different between both groups, suggesting that the rotating night shift work does not have a major influence on central suprachiasmatic nuclei clock timing. In addition, systolic and diastolic blood pressure patterns were similar between both groups. Our data show diurnal variation of dimethylarginines with the timing of their acrophases corresponding to the published timing of the peak incidence of cardiac ischemic events.
Life History and Sociality Predict Variation in Eye Size across Birds
Authors: Beauchamp Guy
Published: August 2023

Over evolutionary times, the eye has acquired several adaptations to improve feeding efficiency and reduce predation pressure. Eye size, in particular, represents a target for selection, as it affects light capture and image resolution. Previous research on variation in eye size across species has focused on ecological factors related to light availability and foraging needs. Larger eyes are also thought to allow species to detect distant predators more easily, but this conjecture has not been examined across species. I predicted that risk-averse species or those exposed to high predation risk benefit from relatively larger eyes to enhance predator detection. To test the prediction, I performed a comparative analysis involving 660 species of birds while controlling for phylogeny, body size and other known ecological correlates of eye size. The results show that species at the slow end of the life history continuum, which emphasize survival over reproduction and are expected to be risk-averse, have evolved relatively larger eyes. In addition, solitary species, which cannot rely on others in their groups to decrease predation risk, are also characterized by relatively larger eyes. The results indicate that predation risk, through its association with life history and sociality, is an important ecological factor in the evolution of eye size across species.
Research on Optimization of Project Design Management Process Based on BIM
Authors: Jiao Yuanhang , Cao Ping
Published: August 2023

With the rapid advancement of the informatization process of China’s construction industry, the requirements for the integration of engineering design and construction are getting higher and higher. The quality of engineering design and the level of design management directly affect the quality of construction. The emergence of the EPC (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction) model overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional contracting model, but it is still not ideal in terms of work integration and information transmission. BIM (building information modeling) is a collaborative process of creating, managing and exchanging information throughout the construction project. BIM has revolutionized the construction, engineering and construction (AEC) industry. This paper examines the problems related to current project design management in China and their causes. On the basis of summarizing the existing research on design management, it introduces a form of BIM integrating design BIM and construction BIM, so as to better depict the leading role of design in the construction process. By analyzing the changes in organizational management and communication methods brought about by BIM, this paper optimizes and innovates upon the traditional project design process in view of the problems in project practice. It advances BIM design work, increases detailed BIM design work and enables the downstream participants to intervene in the design stage, so as to develop a more smooth and efficient design workflow, which provides operable work detail guidance for BIM-based design management in the future.
National Trends in Rotavirus Enteritis among Infants in South Korea, 2010–2021: A Nationwide Cohort
Authors: Lee Hyun Jee , Choi Yujin , Park Jaeyu , Choi Yong-Sung , Yon Dong Keon , Kim Do Hyun
Published: August 2023

Rotavirus causes a gastrointestinal tract infection that primarily affects young children. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals infected with the virus were subjected to quarantine measures, with strong emphases on personal hygiene and social distancing. The present study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of rotaviruses and compare the prevalence of rotavirus infection before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This nationwide representative study was conducted using data acquired from the National Health Insurance Service between 2010 and 2021. We analyzed the data of patients younger than 12 months old who were diagnosed with rotavirus enteritis between January 2010 and December 2021. During the study period, a total of 34,487 infants younger than 12 months were diagnosed with rotavirus enteritis in South Korea. During the two-year COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021), the rate of decline was significant (5843 cases in 2010 and 1125 in 2019), and by 2021, the total number of patients was almost negligible, as there are only 18 cases in 2021. A significant increase in the ratio of low birth weight (LBW) infants of inpatient department was observed from 2010 to 2021 (4.86% in 2010; 7.77% in 2019; and 23.08% in 2021), indicating that LBW infants are more vulnerable than infants born with normal weight. Average medical expenses related to rotavirus infections also declined significantly from 3,789,443,998 per year (pre-pandemic) to 808,353,795 per year (pandemic). Overall, personal hygiene and social distancing may play important roles in reducing rotavirus infections. However, further studies are needed to determine whether this decreasing trend persists after quarantine and whether the social life of individuals resumes.
Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Properties of Ipomoea batatas Flour and Extracts Obtained by Green Extraction
Authors: Boukhers Imane , Morel Sylvie , Kongolo Joelle , Domingo Romain , Servent Adrien , Ollier Lea , Kodja Hippolyte , Petit Thomas , Poucheret Patrick
Published: August 2023

Sweet potato (SP), Ipomoea batatas Lam, belongs to the Convolvulaceae family. It produces edible storage roots. Currently, orange varieties contribute to improving food systems and managing vitamin A deficiency. Processing of this food crop into flour allows better conservation. However, nutrition health data regarding SP flour obtained by green extraction remains scarce. In this study, we therefore explored its phytochemistry and its associated bioactivity potential for human health. We analyzed the nutritional composition of orange flesh sweet potato (OFSP) flour and assessed the antioxidant (free radical scavenging) and immunomodulatory (on inflammatory murine macrophages) properties of the extract. More specifically, we measured the impact of OFSP flour extract on mediators such as Nitric Oxide (NO) and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-alpha), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), and Prostaglandin-E2 (PGE-2). Our results indicated significant fiber, mineral, beta-carotene, and polyphenols content in the extracts, and antioxidant and immunomodulatory bioactivities were also demonstrated with a concentration-dependent inhibition of cytokine production. Taken together, our results suggest that Ipomoea batatas flour could, in addition to being a good source of energy and beta-carotene provitamin A, constitute a food of interest for the prophylaxis of metabolic diseases associated with an underlying low-grade inflammatory state.
Autonomous Flight in Hover and Near-Hover for Thrust-Controlled Unmanned Airships
Authors: Riboldi Carlo E. D. , Rolando Alberto
Published: August 2023

The ability of airships to fly in hover is a major plus of this category of flying vehicles. However, especially for the case of autonomous flight, this feature can be exploited only recurring to a carefully designed layout of the thrusters on board. Furthermore, the thrusters need to be suitably governed by a dedicated control algorithm. This paper explores a scheme for the control in hover of a thrust-controlled airship without thrust vector control, also assessing its effectiveness in near-hover positioning problems. The control scheme proposed herein extends the capability of a stability augmentation and guidance controller for forward flight, previously introduced by the authors for a conceptually similar airship. A control action based on a system of thrust forces required for hover, and additional thrust components for stabilizing and steering the airship in slow (near-hover) navigation, is thoroughly described. The ensuing control suite is applied and tested in the present paper on the high-fidelity virtual model of a five-thruster airship, showing reasonable stability levels and navigation accuracy of the controlled system.
Highly Efficient Biosynthesis of γ-Bisabolene with a New Sesquiterpene Synthase AcTPS5 by Dual Cytoplasmic-Peroxisomal Engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Liu Jiajia , Yao Ge , Wan Xiukun , Wang Fuli , Han Penggang , Bao Shaoheng , Wang Kang , Song Tianyu , Jiang Hui
Published: August 2023

γ-bisabolene is a monocyclic sesquiterpene with various biological activities; it has also been approved as a food additive. Additionally, the hydrogenated form of bisabolene is considered as a potential alternative to D2 diesel. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has the ability to produce a large amount of acetyl-CoA in both cytosol and peroxisomes, which serves as a precursor in terpene biosynthesis. In this study, AcTPS5 was identified as a new γ-bisabolene synthase. By expressing AcTPS5 and the mevalonate pathway in peroxisomes, γ-bisabolene titer was achieved at 125.0 mg/L. Deleting the peroxisome autophagy gene atg36 further improved γ-bisabolene production to 216.9 mg/L. The implementation of dual cytoplasmic–peroxisomal engineering further boosted γ-bisabolene production to 296.4 mg/L. Finally, through increasing the acetyl-CoA supply and down-regulating the expression of ERG9, γ-bisabolene production was achieved at 584.14 mg/L in shake-flask fermentation and 2.69 g/L in fed-batch fermentation, which is the highest reported production of γ-bisabolene to date. The strategy presented in this study provides an efficient approach for terpene production in S. cerevisiae.
Trick of the Trade: Unveiling the Importance of Feedstock Chemistry in Trichoderma-Organic Amendments-Based Bio-Stimulants
Authors: Iacomino Giuseppina , Bonanomi Giuliano , Motti Riccardo , Idbella Mohamed
Published: August 2023

We investigated the effect of Trichoderma harzianum in combination with biochar or other organic feedstocks, i.e., fish meal, Medicago, and maize straw, on the growth of Lens culinaris, Zea mays, Oryza sativa, and Glycine max. Biochar and other organic feedstocks were characterized by 13C-CPMAS NMR spectroscopy. Fish and Medicago had low C/N and high N content, while biochar, maize, and AC (Activated Carbon) had high C/N. pH ranged from 9.38 for biochar to 5.67 for AC. 13C-CPMAS NMR showed large chemical changes in organic mixtures leading to aromatic C-type enrichment in the presence of biochar or AC. Biochar and organic feedstocks inoculated with T. harzianum showed different effects, ranging from inhibition to crop stimulation. Overall, out of 88 cases, T. harzianum inoculum had a positive effect on root length in 46 cases (52.2%). The effect of fungal inoculum was particularly positive when combined with AC or biochar and when non-pyrogenic amendments were present. In contrast, a negative effect was observed when T. harzianum was inoculated with N-rich non-stabilized organic amendments. Further research is needed to identify the specific mechanisms underlying the inhibitory and bio-stimulatory effects of Trichoderma mixtures with organic amendment for the right combinations of raw materials that maximize crop productivity.
Patterns of IgA Autoantibody Generation, Inflammatory Responses and Extracellular Matrix Metabolism in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Niemelä Onni , Bloigu Aini , Bloigu Risto , Nivukoski Ulla , Kultti Johanna , Pohjasniemi Heidi
Published: August 2023

Recent data have emphasized the role of inflammation and intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). In order to further explore such associations, we compared IgA titers against antigens targeted to ethanol metabolites and tissue transglutaminase with pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators of inflammation, markers of liver status, transferrin protein desialylation and extracellular matrix metabolism in alcohol-dependent patients with or without liver disease and in healthy controls. Serum IgAs against protein adducts with acetaldehyde (HbAch-IgA), the first metabolite of ethanol, and tissue transglutaminase (tTG-IgA), desialylated transferrin (CDT), pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, markers of liver status (GT, ALP) and extracellular matrix metabolism (PIIINP, PINP, hyaluronic acid, ICTP and CTx) were measured in alcohol-dependent patients with (n = 83) or without (n = 105) liver disease and 88 healthy controls representing either moderate drinkers or abstainers. In ALD patients, both tTG-IgA and HbAch-IgA titers were significantly higher than those in the alcoholics without liver disease (p < 0.0005 for tTG-IgA, p = 0.006 for Hb-Ach-IgA) or in healthy controls (p < 0.0005 for both comparisons). The HbAch-IgA levels in the alcoholics without liver disease also exceeded those found in healthy controls (p = 0.0008). In ROC analyses, anti-tTG-antibodies showed an excellent discriminative value in differentiating between ALD patients and healthy controls (AUC = 0.95, p < 0.0005). Significant correlations emerged between tTG-IgAs and HbAch-IgAs (rs = 0.462, p < 0.0005), CDT (rs = 0.413, p < 0.0001), GT (rs = 0.487, p < 0.0001), alkaline phosphatase (rs = 0.466, p < 0.0001), serum markers of fibrogenesis: PIIINP (rs = 0.634, p < 0.0001), hyaluronic acid (rs = 0.575, p < 0.0001), ICTP (rs = 0.482, p < 0.0001), pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (rs = 0.581, p < 0.0001), IL-8 (rs = 0.535, p < 0.0001) and TNF-α (rs = 0.591, p < 0.0001), whereas significant inverse correlations were observed with serum TGF-β (rs = −0.366, p < 0.0001) and CTx, a marker of collagen degradation (rs = −0.495, p < 0.0001). The data indicate that the induction of IgA immune responses toward ethanol metabolites and tissue transglutaminaseis a characteristic feature of patients with AUD and coincides with the activation of inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling and the generation of aberrantly glycosylated proteins. These processes appear to work in concert in the sequence of events leading from heavy drinking to ALD.
Utilization of Additive Manufacturing for the Rapid Prototyping of C-Band Radiofrequency Loads
Authors: Mathesen Garrett , Wehner Charlotte , Merrick Julian , Shirley Bradley , Agustsson Ronald , Berry Robert , Diego Amirari , Nanni Emilio
Published: August 2023

Additive manufacturing is a versatile technique that shows promise in providing quick and dynamic manufacturing for complex engineering problems. Research has been ongoing into the use of additive manufacturing for potential applications in radiofrequency (RF) component technologies. Here, we present a method for developing an effective prototype load produced from 316L stainless steel on a direct metal laser sintering machine. The model was tested using simulation software to verify the validity of the design. The load structure was manufactured by an online digital manufacturing company, showing the viability of using easily accessible tools to manufacture RF structures. The produced load was able to produce an S11 value of −22.8 dB at a C-band frequency of 5.712 GHz while under a vacuum. In a high-power test, the load was able to terminate a peak power of 8.1 MW. The discussion includes future applications of the present method and how it will help to improve the implementation of future accelerator concepts.
Comparative Analysis of Heart Regeneration: Searching for the Key to Heal the Heart—Part II: Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiac Regeneration
Authors: Castillo-Casas Juan Manuel , Caño-Carrillo Sheila , Sánchez-Fernández Cristina , Franco Diego , Lozano-Velasco Estefanía
Published: August 2023

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, among which ischemic heart disease is the most representative. Myocardial infarction results from occlusion of a coronary artery, which leads to an insufficient blood supply to the myocardium. As it is well known, the massive loss of cardiomyocytes cannot be solved due the limited regenerative ability of the adult mammalian hearts. In contrast, some lower vertebrate species can regenerate the heart after an injury; their study has disclosed some of the involved cell types, molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways during the regenerative process. In this ‘two parts’ review, we discuss the current state-of-the-art of the main response to achieve heart regeneration, where several processes are involved and essential for cardiac regeneration.
Mode II Fatigue Delamination Growth and Healing of Bis-Maleimide Modified CFRPs by Using the Melt Electro-Writing Process Technique
Authors: Kotrotsos Athanasios , Kostopoulos Vassilis
Published: August 2023

In the current study, the interlaminar fracture toughness behavior of high-performance carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) modified with Bis-maleimide (BMI) resin was investigated under Mode II quasi-static and fatigue remote loading conditions. Specifically, CFRPs were locally integrated with BMI resin, either nano-modified with graphene nano-platelets (GNPs) or unmodified, using the melt electro-writing process (MEP) technique. Following the modification, two types of CFRPs were manufactured: (a) CFRPs with pure BMI resin and (b) CFRPs with GNP-modified resin. Quasi-static tests demonstrated that the interlaminar fracture toughness properties of both modified CFRPs were significantly improved compared to the unmodified/reference CFRPs. Conversely, fatigue tests were conducted under displacement control, with crack length measurement performed using a traveling microscope. Delamination length and load quantities were measured at specific cycle intervals. The results indicated that both modified CFRPs exhibited enhanced resistance to delamination under Mode II fatigue loading, with earlier crack arrest, compared against the reference CFRPs. Additionally, the CFRPs displayed low healing efficiency (H.E.) after the healing cycle was activated. Overall, this approach shows promise in improving the delamination resistance of CFRPs under Mode II.
Multimodal Approach for Enhancing Biometric Authentication
Authors: Ammour Nassim , Bazi Yakoub , Alajlan Naif
Published: August 2023

Unimodal biometric systems rely on a single source or unique individual biological trait for measurement and examination. Fingerprint-based biometric systems are the most common, but they are vulnerable to presentation attacks or spoofing when a fake fingerprint is presented to the sensor. To address this issue, we propose an enhanced biometric system based on a multimodal approach using two types of biological traits. We propose to combine fingerprint and Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals to mitigate spoofing attacks. Specifically, we design a multimodal deep learning architecture that accepts fingerprints and ECG as inputs and fuses the feature vectors using stacking and channel-wise approaches. The feature extraction backbone of the architecture is based on data-efficient transformers. The experimental results demonstrate the promising capabilities of the proposed approach in enhancing the robustness of the system to presentation attacks.
New Input Factors for Machine Learning Approaches to Predict the Weld Quality of Ultrasonically Welded Thermoplastic Composite Materials
Authors: Görick Dominik , Schuster Alfons , Larsen Lars , Welsch Jonas , Karrasch Tobias , Kupke Michael
Published: August 2023

Thermoplastic composites (TCs) enjoy high popularity in the field of engineering. Due to this popularity, there is a growing need to assemble this material with the help of fast and efficient joining processes. One joining process, which has seen increased use, is the process of ultrasonic welding. To make reliable statements about the quality of the joined material, some kind of quality assurance has to be made. In terms of ultrasonic spot welding, there are already some documented approaches for observing or predicting the joining quality, but some of these most promising parameters for quality assurance are difficult to measure in the process of continuous ultrasonic welding. This is why new parameters are investigated for their potential to improve the prediction of ultrasonic-welded TCs’ quality. Thermography and sound emission data have been found to have a correlation with the produced weld quality and are fed into different machine learning algorithms. Despite the relatively small dataset, trained algorithms reach binary classification rates of over 90%, indicating that the newly discovered parameters show the potential to improve the quality assurance of ultrasonic-welded TCs in the future. This improvement may enable the establishment of the ultrasonic welding of TCs in manufacturing.
Agroforestry Biomass Recovery Supply Chain Management: A More Efficient Information Flow Model Based on a Web Platform
Authors: Bastos Tiago , Teixeira Leonor C. , Matias João C. O. , Nunes Leonel J. R.
Published: August 2023

Background: With the increasing societal focus on sustainability and the critical need for innovative energy solutions, this research emphasizes the undervalued biomass originating from waste products of agroforestry activities. The traditional practice of disposing of these waste products through open-air burning has led to environmental challenges and a tragic loss of their inherent energy potential. Methods: This study adopts a multifaceted approach, integrating literature reviews, expert interviews from both the academic and professional sectors, and surveys. The central focus is on understanding supply chain inefficiencies and communication gaps that contribute to waste and addressing them through the Lean philosophy, renowned for its waste reduction benefits. Results: Our research culminated in the development of a unique information management model based on a web application. Additionally, the study provides a theoretical groundwork for an application that backs the proposed model. Conclusions: The presented strategy and web-based model offer promising avenues for managing waste products from agroforestry activities more sustainably and efficiently. This approach not only addresses the environmental issues arising from waste disposal but also taps into the significant energy potential these waste products hold.
Dynamic Spheroidization Mechanism and Its Orientation Dependence of Ti-6Al-2Mo-2V-1Fe Alloy during Subtransus Hot Deformation
Authors: Ge Jinyang , Zhan Xiaodong , Li Chao , Zhang Xiaoyong , Zhou Kechao
Published: August 2023

The dynamic spheroidization mechanism and its orientation dependence in Ti-6Al-2Mo-2V-1Fe alloys during subtransus hot deformation were studied in this work. For this purpose, hot compression tests were carried out at temperatures of 780–880 °C, with strain rates of 0.001–0.1 s−1. Based on SEM, EBSD and TEM characterization, the results showed that the aspect ratio of the α phase decreased with increasing deformation temperatures and decreasing strain rates. At 880 °C/0.001 s−1, the aspect ratio of the α phase was the smallest at 2.05. The proportion of HAGBs decreased with increasing temperatures and strain rates, which was different from the trend of the spheroidization; this indicated that the formation of HAGBs was not necessary for the spheroidization process. Furthermore, the formation of the α/α interface was related to the evolution of dislocations and twin boundaries at high (880 °C) and low temperatures (780 °C), respectively. Moreover, the dependence of lamellar spheroidization on the crystallographic orientation tilt from the compression direction (θ) was clarified: when θ was between 45° and 60°, both the prism  slip and basal  slip systems were activated together, which was more favorable for spheroidization. This study could provide guidance for titanium alloy process designs and microstructure regulation.
Wettability, Adsorption and Adhesion in Polymer (PMMA)—Commercially Available Mouthrinse System
Authors: Pogorzelski Stanislaw , Janowicz Paulina , Dorywalski Krzysztof , Boniewicz-Szmyt Katarzyna , Rochowski Pawel
Published: August 2023

The study concerns the evaluation of the physicochemical and thermo-adsorptive surface properties of six commercially available mouthrinses, particularly surface tension, surface activity, partitioning coefficient, critical micellar concentration, Gibbs excesses at interfaces, surface entropy, and enthalpy. The aim was to quantify their effect on the adhesion and wettability of a model poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer. The adsorptive and thermal surface characteristics were derived from surface tension (γLV) vs. concentration and temperature dependences. Polymer surface wettability was characterized by the contact angle hysteresis (CAH) formalism, using the measurable advancing ΘA and receding ΘR dynamic contact angles and γLV as the input data. Further, wettability parameters: Young static angle (Θ), film pressure (Π), surface free energy (γSV) with its dispersive and polar components, work of adhesion (WA), and adhesional tension (γLV cosΘA) were considered as interfacial interaction indicators. The mouthrinse effect demonstrated the parameter’s evolution in reference to the PMMA/pure water case: Θ, ΘA and ΘR↓, CAH↑, Π↓, WA↓, γSV↓, and γLVcosΘA↑. Furthermore, the variations of the surface excess ratio pointed to the formation of multilayered structures of surfactants composing the mouthrinse mixtures considered. The contact angle data allowed for the penetration coefficient and the Marangoni temperature gradient-driven liquid flow speed to be estimated.
Structure of Strongly Adsorbed Polymer Systems: A Computer Simulation Study
Authors: Olczyk Patrycja , Sikorski Andrzej
Published: August 2023

The structure of very thin polymer films formed by strongly adsorbed macromolecules was studied by computer simulation. A coarse-grained model of strictly two-dimensional polymer systems was built, and its properties determined by an efficient Monte Carlo simulation algorithm. Properties of the model system were determined by means of Monte Carlo simulations with a sampling algorithm that combines Verdier–Stockmayer, pivot and reputation moves. The effects of temperature, chain length and polymer concentration on the macromolecular structure were investigated. It was shown that at low temperatures, the chain size increases with the concentration, that is, inversely with high temperatures. This behavior should be explained by the influence of inter-chain interactions.
Effect of Polydopamine and Curcumin on Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Blends
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Sionkowska Alina
Published: August 2023

In this study, we prepared composites made from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), curcumin (Cur), and polydopamine (PD). The film-forming properties of the composites were researched for potential wound-healing applications. The structures of the polymer blends and composites were studied by FTIR spectroscopy and microscopic observations (AFM and SEM). The mechanical properties were measured using a Zwick Roell testing machine. It was observed that the formation of a polymeric film based on the blend of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate led to the generation of pores. The presence of curcumin in the composite resulted in the alteration of the blend properties. After solvent evaporation, the polymeric blend of PVA, SA, and curcumin formed a stable polymeric film, but the film showed poor mechanical properties. The addition of polydopamine led to an improvement in the mechanical strength of the film and an increase in its surface roughness. A polymeric film of sodium alginate presented the highest surface roughness value among all the studied specimens (66.6 nm), whereas polyvinyl alcohol showed the lowest value (1.60 nm). The roughness of the composites made of PVA/SA/Cur and PVA/SA/Cur/PD showed a value of about 25 nm. Sodium alginate showed the highest values of Young’s modulus (4.10 GPa), stress (32.73 N), and tensile strength (98.48 MPa). The addition of PD to PVA/SA/Cur led to an improvement in the mechanical properties. Improved mechanical properties and appropriate surface roughness may suggest that prepared blends can be used for the preparation of wound-healing materials.
Performance of Eco-Friendly Cement Mortars Incorporating Ceramic Molds Shells and Paraffin Wax
Authors: Cunha Sandra , Silva Raphael , Aguiar José , Castro Fernando
Published: August 2023

The lost wax foundry industry has been rapidly expanding in recent years, generating a large amount of waste due to the fact that most of the durable goods include castings and the need for dimensional precision castings for specific purposes, such as the automotive and aeronautics sectors. The waste produced by this industry is currently being deposited in landfills because practical applications are not known and cannot be reused in a new production process, and recycling is also a challenge because of the economics of the process. Thus, the main objective of this study consists in the incorporation of the produced wastes by the lost wax casting foundry industry (ceramic molds shells and paraffin wax) as substitutes for natural aggregate in exterior coatings mortars, evaluating their behavior under normal operating conditions and against freeze–thaw actions. The obtained results revealed porosity, flexural strength, and compressive strength adequate under normal operating conditions. The freeze–thaw performance of the mortars with waste incorporation was similar to the mortars developed with natural aggregates. Thus, the potential of the ceramic mold shells and paraffinic waxes utilization in cementitious mortars for the construction sector was demonstrated.
Hyposmia in COVID-19: Temporal Recovery of Smell: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Verro Barbara , Vivoli Giulia , Saraniti Carmelo
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Hypo/anosmia is a characteristic symptom of COVID-19 infection. The aim of this study is to investigate the time of smell recovery and to identify a possible order of perception recovery of different odors in COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on not hospitalized COVID-19 patients, selected according to eligible criteria. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee. A questionnaire formulated by our team was submitted to patients in order to know the duration of the hypo/anosmia and hypo/ageusia and the order of odor recovery: vanillin (mixed olfactory/gustatory substances), phenyl ethyl alcohol (rosewater) (pure olfactory substances), eucalyptol (mixed olfactory/trigeminal substances), and eugenol (mixed olfactory/trigeminal/gustatory substances). Results: 181 patients were included. Hypo/ageusia and hypo/anosmia lasted on average 10.25 (±8.26) and 12.8 (±8.80) days, respectively. The most frequent odor recovery sequence was: (1) phenyl ethyl alcohol; (2) eucalyptol; (3) vanillin; and (4) eugenol. In COVID-19 patients, hypo/anosmia occurs more often in women and at a young age. Conclusions: This preliminary investigation highlighted novel data: there is a chronological order in perception recovery of different olfactory substances and, therefore, in the restoration of the various sensitive nerve pathways involved in the sense of smell.
The Interconnection between Carotid Intima–Media Thickness and Obesity: Anthropometric, Clinical and Biochemical Correlations
Authors: Bažadona Danira , Matovinović Martina , Krbot Skorić Magdalena , Grbavac Hrvoje , Belančić Andrej , Malojčić Branko
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) and obesity are considered independent determinants of cardio- and cerebrovascular events. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of obesity on CIMT and to define which traditional cardiovascular risk factors correlate the most with CIMT values in patients with obesity. Materials and Methods: Anthropometric measurements were collected for the whole study group, as well as body composition and blood pressure data, and biochemical blood analyses were also performed. Results: Although our study group was significantly older according to vascular compared with chronological age, the mean CIMT values were lower when compared with the reference values. We found a statistically significant correlation of CIMT with chronological and vascular age, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference, body muscle mass and skeletal muscle mass index. Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk assessment and SCORE (Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation) showed significant positive correlations, but there was only a weak correlation of ASCVD with CIMT. Conclusions: To deduce, since no diagnostic tool currently includes body weight as an individual risk factor, further trials are highly needed to determine if SCORE, SCORE2, ASCVD risk assessment or CIMT would be the most accurate and relevant diagnostic tool for prediction of risk for future CV events in patients with obesity.
Establishing a Gold Standard for Quantitative Menstrual Cycle Monitoring
Authors: Bouchard Thomas , Yong Paul , Doyle-Baker Patricia
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: The Quantum Menstrual Health Monitoring Study will measure four key reproductive hormones in the urine (follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH; estrone-3-glucuronide, E13G; luteinizing hormone, LH; and pregnanediol glucuronide, PDG) to characterize patterns that predict and confirm ovulation, referenced to serum hormones and the gold standard of the ultrasound day of ovulation in participants with regular cycles. These normal cycles will provide a reference for comparison to irregular cycles in subjects with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and athletes. Materials and Methods: Participants will track their menstrual cycles for 3 months and be provided with an at-home urine hormone monitor (Mira monitor) to predict ovulation. The day of ovulation will be confirmed with serial ultrasounds completed in a community clinic. Urine results will be compared to serum hormone values. Other markers of menstrual health, such as bleeding patterns and temperature changes, will be determined using a customized app. Three groups will be recruited. Group 1 will include those with consistent regular cycle lengths (between 24–38 days), and will be compared to two groups with irregular cycle lengths (with increased cycle length variability and longer cycles). Group 2 will include those with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) with irregular cycles and Group 3 will include individuals participating in high levels of exercise with irregular cycles. Hypothesis: The Mira monitor quantitative urine hormone pattern will accurately correlate with serum hormonal levels and will predict (with LH) and confirm (with PDG) the ultrasound day of ovulation in those with regular cycles as well as those with irregular cycles. Rationale: Once the ultrasound validation is complete, tools like the Mira monitor with a customized app may become a new standard for at-home and remote clinical monitoring of the menstrual cycle without having to use labor-intensive follicular-tracking ultrasound or follow serum hormone changes. Conclusions: Precision monitoring of the menstrual cycle is expected to impact individuals who want to increase their menstrual health literacy and guide decisions about fertility.
Fatty Acid Composition of a Maternal Diet and Erythrocyte Phospholipid Status in Latvian Pregnant Women
Authors: Nikolajeva Ksenija , Aizbalte Olga , Piskurjova Anna , Rezgale Roberta , Cauce Vinita , Začs Dzintars , Meija Laila
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Dietary fats are essential for maternal and fetal health. Fatty acids (FAs) in erythrocytes characterize the FA profile, which is influenced by diet and other factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the main FAs in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids and their influencing factors—dietary fat and supplement intake and lifestyle factors—in Latvian pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 236 pregnant and postpartum women. The data were collected from medical documentation, a food frequency questionnaire, and a questionnaire on demographic, lifestyle, health status, and nutritional habits in outpatient clinics and maternity departments. FAs in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids were determined using gas chromatography. Results: Correlations were found between dietary SFAs and erythrocyte SFAs (r = −0.140, p = 0.032) and PUFAs (r = 0.167, p = 0.01) and between dietary PUFAs and erythrocyte MUFAs (r = −0.143, p = 0.028). Dietary SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs positively correlated with the studied n-3 and n-6 FAs in erythrocytes. Vitamin D correlated positively with MUFA and negatively with total PUFA and AA in erythrocytes. There was a negative correlation between dietary vitamin A and linoleic acid in erythrocytes. Physical activity negatively correlated with erythrocyte MUFAs and positively with erythrocyte PUFAs. Alcohol consumption positively correlated with erythrocyte SFAs and negatively with erythrocyte PUFAs. Conclusions: There are indications that some dietary FAs may be correlated with erythrocyte FAs. Possible influencing factors for this association are alcohol, physical activity, vitamin D, and vitamin A.
Abdominal Actinomycotic Abscess after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy for Morbid Obesity: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Ho-Goon , Lee Ho-Kyun , Park Eunkyu
Published: August 2023

Actinomycosis is a rare, chronic, suppurative, and granulomatous bacterial disease. The Actinomyces species exist as normal flora in the oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract, and the female genital tract. They are incapable of penetrating the normal mucous membranes and become pathogenic only when this barrier has been destroyed by trauma, surgery, immunosuppression, or after viscus perforation. We report the first case of an actinomycotic abscess after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. A 29-year-old man underwent a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with no intra-operative complications. On postoperative day 3, the patient had a fever with elevated inflammatory markers. Abdominal computerized tomography (CT) with oral water-soluble contrast media showed no extra-luminal leakage and no fluid collection adjacent to the resected stomach, other than the fluid collection in the right subhepatic space. Percutaneous drainage was attempted, but the procedure failed due to the patient’s thick abdominal wall. After two weeks of weight loss of about 12 kg, percutaneous drainage was successfully performed, and A. odontolyticus was identified through pus culture. After effective abscess drainage and high-dose antibiotics, the patient’s symptoms improved and the abscess pocket disappeared. We reported Actinomyces infection after gastric sleeve surgery. In the case of abscess formation after gastric sleeve surgery caused by actinomycete infection, antibiotic treatment and percutaneous drainage are effective together.
MicroRNA-323-5p Involved in Dexmedetomidine Preconditioning Impart Neuroprotection
Authors: Seong Hyunyoung , Jeong Daun , Kim Eung Hwi , Yoon Kyung Seob , Na Donghyun , Yoon Seung Zhoo , Cho Jang Eun
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Cerebral ischemia is one of the major preoperative complications. Dexmedetomidine is a well-known sedative–hypnotic agent that has potential organ-protective effects. We examine the miRNAs associated with preconditioning effects of dexmedetomidine in cerebral ischemia. Materials and Methods: Transient infarcts were induced in mice via reperfusion after temporary occlusion of one side of the middle cerebral artery. A subset of these mice was exposed to dexmedetomidine prior to cerebral infarction and miRNA profiling of the whole brain was performed. We administered dexmedetomidine and miRNA-323-5p mimic/inhibitor to oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation astrocytes. Additionally, we administered miR-323-5p mimic and inhibitor to mice via intracerebroventricular injection 2 h prior to induction of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Results: The infarct volume was significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine-preconditioned mice. Analysis of brain samples revealed an increased expression of five miRNAs and decreased expression of three miRNAs in the dexmedetomidine-pretreated group. The viability of cells significantly increased and expression of miR-323-5p was attenuated in the dexmedetomidine-treated oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation groups. Transfection with anti-miR-323-5p contributed to increased astrocyte viability. When miRNA-323-5p was injected intraventricularly, infarct volume was significantly reduced when preconditioned with the miR-323-5p inhibitor compared with mimic and negative control. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine has a protective effect against transient neuronal ischemia–reperfusion injury and eight specific miRNAs were profiled. Also, miRNA-323-5p downregulation has a cell protective effect under ischemic conditions both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings suggest the potential of the miR-323-5p inhibitor as a therapeutic agent against cerebral infarction.