bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of Municipal Officials Toward Street Tree Programs in Pennsylvania, U.S.
Authors: Stevenson Tyler , Gerhold Henry , Elmendorf William
Published: January 2022

Survey responses from 528 officials in 356 municipalities defined the developmental status of municipal street tree programs and the attitudes of three types of officials: elected chief officials, public works administrators, and municipal solicitors. In sustained programs, which had an ordinance, tree commission, inventory, and management plan, officials had more positive attitudes about trees than in developing programs, which had at least one of these elements, or in communities without a tree program. However, even in the latter, approximately half of the officials believed that benefits of street trees outweigh costs and any disadvantages, and 62% favored starting a tree program. No tree programs exist in 46% of the cities, 82% of the boroughs, and 97% of the townships, so there are many opportunities and also important barriers. Incomplete understanding of the benefits of trees and tree care practices leads to low public support, insufficient funding, and inadequate personnel and equipment. Most officials favor spending some money on trees but regard tree programs as less important than other civic responsibilities. Officials may be persuaded to start or improve tree programs by explaining benefits more fully and how public safety can be improved by proper pruning, inventories that locate dangerous trees, and management plans that arrange to remove them. Furthermore, funding may be alleviated by using volunteers, grants, and available technical advice.
A 70-Year History of Arborescent Vegetation of Inwood Park, Manhattan, New York, U.S.
Authors: Stalter Richard , Kincaid Dwight
Published: January 2022

The arborescent vegetation located at three sites within Inwood Park, Manhattan, New York, U.S. was sampled by the quadrat method in October 2004 and May 2005 and compared with the trees present in the same quadrats on a map of trees at Inwood Park prepared by the federal Works Program Administration in 1935. Tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) was the dominant tree at the Moist Valley and South Slope sites in 1935 and 2005, whereas oak (Quercus) was the dominant genus at Dry Ridge in 1935 and 2005. Dogwood (Cornus florida) was the dominant subcanopy tree in 1935; it was unimportant in 2005, a victim of dogwood anthracnose. In terms of ecologic dominance, there has been no change in the first ranked genera at these sites in the past 70 years. Mean tree diameter (diameter at breast height) has increased from 32.3 cm (12.9 in) to 41.8 cm (16.7 in). The three sites have experienced a parallel pattern of increase in tree size from 1935 to 2005. Nonnative trees were not important in Inwood Park in 2005.
The Influence of Systemic Inducing Resistance Chemicals for the Control of Oak Powdery Mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides) Applied as a Therapeutic Treatment
Authors: Percival Glynn , Haynes Ian
Published: January 2022

A 2 year field trial was conducted using established English oak (Quercus robur L.) to assess the efficacy of four commercially available systemic-inducing resistance (SIR) compounds (salicylic acid, potassium phosphite, harpin protein, betaine) applied as a single therapeutic spray treatment against the foliar pathogen oak powdery mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides). In addition, a comparative evaluation of a conventional spray program (3 week spray intervals) used within the United Kingdom for powdery mildew control was conducted using the fungicide penconazole. The SIR-inducing compound containing betaine and a single spray treatment of penconazole had no significant influence on disease severity and specific activity of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in both the 2005 and 2006 trials. Salicylic acid and potassium phosphite had no significant long-term effect on disease severity, although a short-term reduction in disease severity was recorded that was associated with enhanced leaf peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity. A single therapeutic application of the SIR-inducing agent harpin protein significantly reduced disease severity of powdery mildew in the 2005 trial. No significant effects, however, were recorded in the 2006 trial. Only repeat spray applications of penconazole significantly reduced disease severity of oak powdery mildew in the 2005 and 2006 trials. The fungicide penconazole appears also to posses marginal SIR properties.
Establishment and Maintenance of Living Structures Made of Willow ( Salix) Stems
Authors: Kuzovkina Yulia
Published: January 2022

Two experimental gardens were installed in Storrs, Connecticut, U.S., to evaluate the potential and limitations of constructing living structures of willow stems as play elements for children. Detailed designs and illustrated descriptions of six structures were developed, which can be accessed on the Internet (www.plantscience.uconn.edu/kuzovkinacv.html). Two clones of Salix miyabeana, previously selected for biomass production, exhibited the required characteristics for growth and stem pliability, low pest susceptibility, and satisfactory performance. The plantings were visually appealing and site maintenance was relatively low. A broader implementation of this innovative practice may appeal to horticulturists, arboriculturists, landscape architects and designers, environmental educators, and school teachers.
EMPREENDEDORISMO NA ESCOLA: UMA POSSIBILIDADE PARA PROJETAR E REALIZAR SONHOS
Authors: Da Silva Andrielli Jorge , Lübeck Marcos
Published: January 2022

O empreendedorismo na escola é muito pertinente, pois pode articular situações reais e promover o protagonismo, bem como ativar um processo de ensino-aprendizagem por meio da interpretação e enfrentamento de acontecimentos que podem ocorrer dentro ou fora do ambiente escolar. Da mesma forma, pode possibilitar a idealização e a efetivação de determinadas aspirações, tanto individuais quanto coletivas. Portanto, neste artigo, apresentamos um projeto de empreendedorismo realizado em 2018 e 2019 na Escola Municipal Najla Barakat, em Foz do Iguaçu/PR, o qual envolveu vinte e dois estudantes do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental, e que teve como propósito inicial contextualizar conceitos matemáticos com vistas à realidade vivenciada pelos envolvidos. Na ocasião, apresentamos atividades e desenvolvemos práticas educativas destacando a importância do consumo sustentável e, nesse sentido, compartilhamos conhecimentos sobre diferentes tipos de empreendimentos, além de laborar para a concretização de um sonho coletivo daquela turma, que visava realizar um passeio de formatura a um parque aquático. Teoricamente, o projeto embasou-se em referenciais que versam sobre o empreendedorismo escolar, tais como Dolabela (2003; 2006; 2008) e Dornelas (2014) e, metodologicamente, seguiu princípios do trabalho colaborativo, conforme define Ferreira (2006). Assim, com esse projeto, concluímos que contextualizar o ensino de conceitos matemáticos com a realidade vivenciada pelos estudantes torna a aprendizagem efetiva, e que proceder de modo empreendedor, cooperativo e colaborativo produz muitos resultados positivos, tais como valores, o respeito mútuo, o desenvolvimento da autonomia, da criatividade e de várias habilidades matemáticas.
ANÁLISE DE UM CURSO ONLINE SOBRE TUBERCULOSE NA PERSPECTIVA DE ESTUDANTES E PROFISSIONAIS DE ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Ávila Thaís Tânia , Martins Fábio Junior , Moura Fernanda Carminati de , Almeida Maria de Lourdes de , Halax Orfão Nathalia , Topanotti Maria Luzia
Published: January 2022

O estudo teve o objetivo de analisar a opinião de estudantes formandos e profissionais de enfermagem sobre um curso de capacitação em tuberculose no ambiente da Plataforma Moodle. Estudo exploratório e abordagem qualitativa realizado a partir de um curso online em tuberculose com 12 participantes, em outubro de 2020. Utilizou-se a técnica de Grupo Focal online, baseado em questões norteadoras voltadas ao curso, e a Análise de Conteúdo de Minayo. Os relatos analisaram o curso em diversos aspectos, classificando-o de forma positiva, os participantes destacaram que a maioria das pessoas buscam atualização profissional valorizando métodos de ensino que utilizam inovações tecnológicas, as quais quando aliadas a teoria e prática no formato educativo permitem sanar dúvidas como por exemplo quanto a tuberculose. As estratégias de controle da tuberculose ainda carecem de uma dimensão integral de assistência, e para tal, ações educativas são fundamentais, sendo que a modalidade a distância possibilita o acesso a novos conhecimentos de maneira mais democrática.
Inventando a Hayden White. Imaginación y narrativas, Norma Durán
Authors: Arias Díaz Matteo
Published: January 2022

Una constante a lo largo de la vida del historiador Hayden White fue que recibió numerosas críticas por parte de sus detractores. Inmediatamente después de la publicación de su polémica Metahistoria en 1973, muchos tomaron la pluma para cuestionar al autor norteamericano. En respuesta, White dedicó gran parte de su producción escrita a continuas reflexiones y, sobre todo, respuestas, más que nada en forma de ensayo, para reformular su postura o contraargumentar
Interacciones y saberes docentes de una educadora. Percepciones desde un contexto rural en pandemia
Authors: Martínez Barradas Rosa Lilian
Published: January 2022

Se analizan las interacciones que una docente del nivel preescolar sostiene con el grupo atendido durante el ciclo escolar 2020-2021, para identificar los saberes docentes que determinan su actuar. Es un estudio de caso fundamentado en la didáctica profesional. Se retoman los intercambios verbales y escritos como principal unidad de análisis para atender las especificidades que el contexto rural demanda a la docente durante la pandemia. La investigación permite visualizar interacciones en las que se privilegian las evidencias de trabajo, con una participación del niño preescolar en ocasiones velada por la intervención del adulto, quien le acompaña durante las interacciones educativas. Este estudio también revela la influencia del contexto en las condiciones educativas observadas, como la segregación provocada por la falta de recursos económicos y tecnológicos, y por una conectividad deficiente, lo que se evidencia como un reto para la creación de estrategias de enseñanza que inviten al alumno a implicarse genuinamente en sus procesos de aprendizaje.
The Impact of Product Tagging on Trust and Purchase Intention: A cross-cultural perspective in visual e-commerce
Authors: Broeder Peter , Schouten Michelle
Published: January 2022

The present study aims to examine the opportunity of in-app shopping, more specifically, analyzing the influence of product tags and cultural background on consumers’ trust and purchase intention. For this purpose, a comparison was made between European and South American female consumers from two cultures: the Netherlands and Paraguay. A total of 225 subjects, 143 from the Dutch background and 82 from the Paraguayan background, participated in an experimental survey where they judged an Instagram product page (product tag: present vs. absent). The analysis of the results revealed that the Paraguayans had higher purchase intentions than the Dutch. Additionally, the presence of a text appeal in the visual product presentation had a direct positive effect on consumers’ purchase intentions and perceived trust in the shopping environment, for both the Dutch and Paraguayan cultural groups. In virtual web shops, perceiving trust is a decisive point for purchase intentions. This study contributes to the fast-growing investigations on social media effectiveness and visual marketing as an informative and persuasive tool. The findings pinpoint the synergic value of visual and textual cues of product presentation online in the atmospheric trust of in-app shopping.
DETECTION OF SOME VIRULENCE GENES AND GENETIC VARIATIONS OF ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII
Authors: MOHAMMAD Ghada , HUSSEİN Noor
Published: January 2022

The study involved the molecular investigation of virulence genes of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from different sources using specific primers. Six genes were used for important virulence factors in this bacteria (omp A, plc N, csg A, las B, iut A, fyu A), partially investigated using PCR, results showed the presence of these genes as 100% and 52.6% and 63.1% and 21% and 21% respectively, while the gene fyu A was not found in any A. baumanni isolate. The study also involved genetic variation in the DNA of these isolates using a universal primer (ERIC2). The results showed that 12 genotypes among 20 isolates of A.baumannii bacteria were revealed.
EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF BLACK CUMIN (Nigella sativa L.) AND CINNAMON (Cinnamomum zeylanicum L.) ESSENTIAL OILS ON PERFORMANCE AND EGG QUALITY OF LAYING HENS
Authors: YALÇIN Samet , DENLİ Muzaffer
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) (BCEO) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum L.) essential oils (CEO) on yield performance, egg quality and eggshell bacterial contamination of laying hens. A total of 315 Atak-S, 28-weeks-old of age were randomly assigned to three groups with 5 replicates of 21 hens each and fed diets supplemented with 0.5 ml/kg feed black cumin and cinnamon essential oil respectively for 11 weeks. During the experiment performance parameters, egg external and internal quality characteristics and eggshell bacterial microbial contamination were measured weekly. At the end of the experiment, CEO supplementation improved feed conversion rate and increased egg shell thickness (P
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ESTER DERIVATIVES OF 4-(DIETHYLAMINO)SALICYLALDEHYDE AS CHOLINESTERASE, AND TYROSINASE INHIBITORS
Authors: ÇAKMAK Reşit , ÇINAR Ercan , BAŞARAN Eyüp , BOĞA Mehmet
Published: January 2022

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), one of the diseases that still has no a specific therapy, has become a major public health issue owing to the increasing population of the elderly, particularly in rich countries. Inhibitory of cholinesterase enzymes (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), which hydrolyze acetylcholine (ACh) and butyrylcholine (BCh) neurotransmitters, have recently become a choice for therapy of this disease. Therefore, there is currently a great demand for novel enzyme inhibitors with desirable properties for applying in the treatment of AD. A series of ester derivatives of 4-(diethylamino)salicylaldehyde 1-5 were successfully prepared in present work, and structurally illuminated with FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The inhibition properties of the title molecules on AChE, BChE, and tyrosinase enzymes were extensively investigated, respectively. Compound 1 indicated potent inhibitory properties against BChE with 87.28±0.87% inhibition better than galantamine (73.83±0.25 %inhibition) employed as standard. Compound 3 showed potent inhibitory effect against tyrosinase with 87.73±0.22 % inhibition, which are better than kojic acid utilized as standard. The obtained results clearly revealed that some of these enzyme inhibitors have the potential to be utilized as potent enzyme inhibitors in the future.
TIME SERIES OUTLIER ANALYSIS FOR MODEL, DATA AND HUMAN-INDUCED RISKS IN COVID-19 SYMPTOMS DETECTION
Authors: KAYA Ahmet , GÜMÜŞ Rojan , AYDIN Ömer
Published: January 2022

Information systems are important references aiming to support the decisions of decision-makers. Information reliability depends on the accuracy and efficacy of data and models. Therefore, some risks may emerge in information systems concerning models, data and humans. It is important to identify and extract outliers in decision support systems developed for the health information systems such as the detection system of Covid-19 symptoms. In this study, the risks that are important in decision making in Covid-19 symptom detection were determined by the statistical time series (ARMA) approach. Potential solutions are proposed in this way. Moreover, outliers are detected by software developed by using the Box-Jenkins model and reliability and accuracy of data is increased by using estimated data instead of outliers. In the implementation of this study, time-series-based data obtained from laboratory examinations of Covid-19 test devices can be used. With the method revealed here, outliers originating from healthcare workers or test apparatus can be detected and more accurate results can be obtained by replacing these outliers with estimated values.
Islam and Modernity in Crosshairs of History
Authors: Shabbir Ghulam , Khan Saleem Nawaz
Published: January 2022

Static view of religion is a cause of concern in all religious communities because it not only gnaws at their dynamism, more often it tends to swing history back to the old life patterns which have lost their validity and moral force. On the other hand history moves forward and seeks its direction intuitively. So, traditional view of religion collides with the forces of history in futile effort to cease the torrential stream of time. Resultantly, time or history crush them or throw them in the yokes of slavery of others who entertain ever fresh and dynamic view of history and religion. Same went with Islam. With an advent of modernity after European renaissance when Europe collided horns with Islam, once all the Muslim world submerged in European colonialism.it forced Muslim intelligentsia on serious soul search and brought forth three schools of thought the traditionalist who strictly cling to tradition even if it had relevance to the emerging realities of history or not; the revivalists who seek assuage in pristine Islam and turn the tide of history back while modernists sensing new realities harness materieux of history for moral cause and go hand in hand with history. Modernity is also a departure from mythos to the rationale   so the most crucial question of todays’ scholarship is whether Islam and modernity are compatible or poles apart in context of history.
OClO as observed by TROPOMI: a comparison with meteorological parameters and polar stratospheric cloud observations
Authors: Puķīte Jānis , Borger Christian , Dörner Steffen , Gu Myojeong , Wagner Thomas
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Chlorine dioxide (OClO) is a by-product of the ozone-depleting halogen
chemistry in the stratosphere. Although it is rapidly photolysed at low solar zenith angles (SZAs), it plays an important role as an indicator of the chlorine activation in polar regions during polar winter and spring at twilight conditions because of the nearly linear dependence of its formation on chlorine oxide (ClO). Here, we compare slant column densities (SCDs) of chlorine dioxide (OClO) retrieved by means of differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) from spectra measured by the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) with meteorological data for both Antarctic and Arctic regions for the first three winters in each of the hemispheres (November 2017–October 2020). TROPOMI, a UV–Vis–NIR–SWIR instrument on board of the Sentinel-5P
satellite, monitors the Earth's atmosphere in a near-polar orbit at an
unprecedented spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio and provides daily global coverage at the Equator and thus even more frequent observations at polar regions. The observed OClO SCDs are generally well correlated with the meteorological conditions in the polar winter stratosphere; for example, the chlorine activation signal appears as a sharp gradient in the time series of the OClO SCDs once the temperature drops to values well below the nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) existence temperature (TNAT). Also a relation of enhanced OClO values at lee sides of mountains can be observed at the beginning of the winters, indicating a possible effect of lee waves on chlorine activation. The dataset is also compared with CALIPSO Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) observations. In general, OClO SCDs coincide well with CALIOP measurements for which PSCs are detected. Very high OClO levels are observed for the northern hemispheric winter 2019/20, with an extraordinarily long period with a stable polar vortex being even close to the values found for southern hemispheric winters. An extraordinary winter in the Southern Hemisphere was also observed in 2019, with a minor sudden stratospheric warming at the beginning of September. In this winter, similar OClO values were measured in comparison to the previous (usual) winter till that event but with a OClO deactivation that was 1–2 weeks earlier.
Millennial variability of terrigenous transport to the central-southern Peruvian margin during the last deglaciation (18–13 kyr BP)
Authors: Yseki Marco , Turcq Bruno , Caquineau Sandrine , Salvatteci Renato , Solis José , Skilbeck C. Gregory , Gutiérrez Dimitri
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Reconstructing precipitation and wind from the geological record could help to understand the potential changes in precipitation and wind dynamics in response to climate change in Peru. The last deglaciation offers natural experimental conditions to test precipitation and wind dynamics response to high latitude forcing. While considerable research has been done to reconstruct precipitation variability during the last deglaciation in the Atlantic sector of South America, the Pacific sector of South America has received little attention. This work aims to fill this gap by reconstructing types of terrigenous transport to the central-southern Peruvian margin (12° S and 14º S) during the last deglaciation (18–13 kyr BP). For this purpose, we used grain-size distribution in sediments of marine core M77/2-005-3 (Callao, 12º S) and G14 (Pisco, 14º S). We analyzed end-members (EM) to identify grain-size components and reconstruct potential sources and transport processes of terrigenous material across time. We identified four end-members for both Callao and Pisco sediments. In Callao, we propose that changes in EM4 (101 μm) and EM2 (58 μm) contribution mainly reflect hydrodynamic energy and diffuse sources, respectively, while EM3 (77 um) and EM1 (11 μm) variations reflect changes in aeolian and fluvial inputs, respectively. In Pisco, changes in the contribution of EM1 (10 μm) reflect changes in river inputs while EM2 (52 μm), EM3 (75 μm) and EM4 (94 μm) reflect an aeolian origin linked to surface winds. At millennial-scale, our record shows an increase of the fluvial inputs during the last part of Heinrich Stadial 1 (~ 16–14.7 kyr BP) at both locations. This increase was linked to higher precipitation in Andes related to a reduction of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and meltwater discharge in North Atlantic. In contrast, during Bølling-Allerød (~ 14.7–13 kyr BP), there was an aeolian input increase, associated with stronger winds and lower precipitation that indicate an expansion of the South Pacific Subtropical High. These conditions would correspond to a northern displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone-South Subtropical High system associated with a stronger Walker circulation. Our results suggest that variations in river discharge and changes in surface wind intensity in the western margin of South America during the last deglaciation were sensitive to Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation variations and Walker circulation on millennial timescales. In the context of global warming, large-scale precipitation and fluvial discharge increases in the Andes related to Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation decline and southward displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone should be considered.
Bionic design and analysis of a multi-posture wheelchair
Authors: Meng Qiaoling , Jiang Mingpeng , Jiao Zongqi , Yu Hongliu
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Posture transformation is an essential function for multi-posture wheelchairs. To improve the natural motion in posture transformation that is a popular problem in the design of multi-posture wheelchairs because the current wheelchair's posture transformation mechanism cannot remain consistent between the rotation center of the wheelchair and the rotation center of the human body joints. This paper proposes a sitting–standing–lying three-posture bionic transformation mechanism for a smart wheelchair. A human–wheelchair coupling model is described and analyzed according to the biomechanical characteristics of the posture transformation of human beings and their functional requirements. The
configuration of the transformation mechanism is chosen by comparing the
trails of the wheelchair rotation centers and the corresponding human joint
rotation centers. The kinematics of the optimized configuration are discussed in detail to obtain the most bionic motion performance using the
multivariable nonlinear constraint optimization algorithm. Finally, the
mechanism is designed, and its posture transformation performance is
simulated and verified using Adams (Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems) software.
The Empirical Adaptive Wavelet Decomposition (EAWD): An adaptive decomposition for the variability analysis of observation time series in atmospheric science
Authors: Delage Olivier , Portafaix Thierry , Bencherif Hassan , Bourdier Alain , Lagracie Emma
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Most observational data sequences in geophysics can be interpreted as resulting from the interaction of several physical processes at several time and space scales. As a consequence, measurements time series have often characteristics of non-linearity and non-stationarity and thereby exhibit strong fluctuations at different time-scales. The variability analysis of a time series consists in decomposing it into several mode of variability, each mode representing the fluctuations of the original time series at a specific time-scale. Such a decomposition enables to obtain a time-frequency representation of the original time series and turns out to be very useful to estimate the dimensionality of the underlying dynamics. Decomposition techniques very well suited to non-linear and non-stationary time series have recently been developed in the literature. Among the most widely used of these technics are the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the empirical wavelet transformation (EWT). The purpose of this paper is to present a new adaptive filtering method that combines the advantages of the EMD and EWT technics, while remaining close to the dynamics of the original signal made of atmospheric observations, which means reconstructing as close as possible to the original time series, while preserving its variability at different time scales.
Role of wind, mesoscale dynamics and coastal circulation in the interannual variability of South Vietnam Upwelling, South China Sea. Answers from a high resolution ocean model
Authors: To Duy Thai , Herrmann Marine , Estournel Claude , Marsaleix Patrick , Duhaut Thomas , Bui Hong Long , Trinh Bich Ngoc
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The South Vietnam Upwelling (SVU) develops in the South China Sea off the Vietnamese coast under the influence of southwest monsoon winds. A very high resolution configuration (1 km at the coast) of the SYMPHONIE model was developed over the western coastal region of the South China Sea. A simulation was performed over the period 2009–2018 to study the functioning, variability and influence of oceanic circulation and hydrology in the coastal region, in particular of the SVU. The realism of the simulation in terms of representation of ocean dynamics and water masses, from daily to interannual and coastal to regional scales, is assessed here in detail by comparison with available satellite data and 4 sets of in-situ observations. The interannual variability of the SVU is examined for its 4 main development areas: the southern (SCU) and northern (NCU) coasts, the offshore area (OFU), and the Sunda Shelf area off the Mekong Delta (MKU). For the SCU and OFU, our results confirm the driving role of the summer mean wind and the summer circulation over the offshore area in the interannual variability of the upwelling intensity. They moreover reveal the impact of the spatial and temporal organization of mesoscale ocean structures and high frequency atmospheric forcing. For the NCU, the upwelling interannual variability does not seem to be related to regional scale forcing and dynamics, but is mainly determined by coastal mesoscale structures and circulation: similar summer wind conditions can be associated with very contrasting NCU intensities, and vice versa, depending on the circulation in the NCU area. Finally, our study reveals that upwelling also develops off the Mekong Delta, with an interannual variability mostly determined by the summer wind and the wind-driven circulation over the SVU region.
Interaction between Atlantic cyclones and Eurasian atmospheric blocking drives wintertime warm extremes in the high Arctic
Authors: Murto Sonja , Caballero Rodrigo , Svensson Gunilla , Papritz Lukas
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Atmospheric blocking can influence Arctic weather by diverting the mean
westerly flow and steering cyclones polewards, bringing warm, moist air to
high latitudes. Recent studies have shown that diabatic heating processes in
the ascending warm conveyor belt branch of extratropical cyclones are relevant
to blocking dynamics. This leads to the question of the extent to which
diabatic heating associated with mid-latitude cyclones may influence
high-latitude blocking and drive Arctic warm events. In this study we
investigate the dynamics behind 50 extreme warm events of wintertime high-Arctic temperature anomalies during 1979–2016. Classifying the warm events
based on blocking occurrence within three selected sectors, we find that 30 of
these events are associated with a block over the Urals, featuring negative
upper-level potential vorticity (PV) anomalies over central Siberia north of
the Ural Mountains. Lagrangian back-trajectory calculations show that almost
60 % of the air parcels making up these negative PV anomalies experience
lifting and diabatic heating (median 11 K) in the 6 d prior to the
block. Further, almost 70 % of the heated trajectories undergo maximum
heating in a compact region of the mid-latitude North Atlantic, temporally
taking place between 6 and 1 d before arriving in the blocking
region. We also find anomalously high cyclone activity (on average five
cyclones within this 5 d heating window) within a sector northwest of the
main heating domain. In addition, 10 of the 50 warm events are associated with
blocking over Scandinavia. Around 60 % of the 6 d back trajectories
started from these blocks experience diabatic heating, of which 60 % undergo
maximum heating over the North Atlantic but generally closer to the time of
arrival in the block and further upstream relative to heated trajectories
associated with Ural blocking. This study suggests that, in addition to the
ability of blocks to guide cyclones northwards, Atlantic cyclones play a
significant role in the dynamics of high-latitude blocking by providing low-PV
air via moist-diabatic processes. This emphasizes the importance of the mutual
interactions between mid-latitude cyclones and Eurasian blocking for
wintertime Arctic warm extremes.
Economical Comparison of Different Production Models in Edible Vine Leaf Production
Authors: Kiracı Mehmet Ali , Şenol Mehmet Ali , Akdemir Uğur
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the production model providing the maximum economic benefit to the producers by comparing the harvesting models comprising different amounts of grape load and different number of harvested leaves of Yapıncak variety. This variety is one of the important grape varieties whose leaves are evaluated as edible/pickled. 12 different production models, 10 models targeting grape and leaf harvesting together, and 2 models harvesting only leaves and only grapes were established in the trial vineyard consisting of vines of the same age. Production and variable costs, gross production values (GPV), gross and net profits and proportional profitability were calculated for the unit area of production models. The study was conducted in 2018 and 2019 years. In 2018, the production model in which all the grapes were not harvested and the leaves were harvested 5 times had the highest values with a net profit of 1.166,5 TRY and proportional profitability of 1.57. In 2019, the model, in which grapes were harvested at a rate of 50% and the leaves were harvested 7 times, became the economically recommended variety for producers with a net profit of 4.664,3 TRY and proportional profitability of 2.69. It has been determined that although the quality of the grapes decreases as the number of grapes which are not harvested in the grapevines increases, the quality of the leaves has not decreased due to the number of harvests.
Customers’ Perception towards CRM Practices in reference to Organized Retail in India
Authors: Agarwal Sulabh , Srivastava Shekhar
Published: January 2022

Retailing being one of the fastest growing sectors is facing tremendous competition from domestic as well as foreign players. Customer retention is an area of serious concern for online as well as offline retailers in the Indian economy, driving players in the Indian business scenario to bring radical change in their CRM practices which affects their customers perception. Retailers are highly concerned in identifying the key drivers of service execution that model customer shopping satisfaction and enhance loyalty. Customer satisfaction & loyalty is an outcome of sound customer relationship management practices. Thus, to ensure the prolong survival in the highly aggressive retail business environment customer centric approach is hour’s need. This paper critically analyses Customer’s perception towards CRM practices with reference to organized retail in India. Major parameters such as reliability, product attributes, customer service, convenience and ambience are identified to evaluate the customer perception towards CRM practices. The relevance of each parameter is analyzed with special reference to both the formats of organized retailing i.e., online & offline. For in-depth analysis of each parameter in both the formats of retail, they are further divided into sub-parameters. A survey is conducted for collecting data about customers perception towards these parameters. A statistical tool two-way ANOVA is used to analyze the variation in customer perception between online and offline retail. Based on analysis and major findings of research a conceptual model is also being proposed to get a pictorial view of how these parameters are affecting customers perception towards online & offline retail.
AI-Enabled Underwriting Brings New Challenges for Life Insurance: Policy and Regulatory Considerations
Authors: Filabi Azish , Duffy Sophia
Published: January 2022

Insurers are increasingly using novel data sources and automated systems for risk classification and underwriting. Automation has improved operational efficiencies in the accuracy and speed of underwriting, but it also raises new considerations relating to unfair discrimination. In this paper, we review the current regulatory structures relating to unfair discrimination and suggest they are insufficient to police the myriad new big data sources available. Moreover, AI-enabled systems increase the risk of unfair discrimination if a facially neutral factor is utilized by an automated system as a proxy for a prohibited characteristic. Furthermore, many insurers rely on unregulated third-party algorithm developers, and therefore do not own and may not have access to the logic embedded in the system, which raises unique ethical implications, particularly with respect to accountability among AI actors.

To address these issues, we propose a framework that consists of three parts: (a) the establishment of national standards to serve as guardrails for acceptable design and behavior of AI-enabled systems; (b) a certification system that attests that an AI-enabled system was developed in accordance with those standards; and (c) periodic audits of
the systems’ output to ensure it operated consistent with those standards. The framework rests on the existing state-based regulatory infrastructure and envisions a self-regulatory organization who can work with the NAIC to develop standards and oversee certification and audit processes. Regulatory enforcement remains with the states. Part I describes the use of technology in life insurance underwriting. Part II discusses the unfair discrimination that can occur due to factors that reflect societal biases, and the unfair discrimination that could occur in artificially intelligent systems if facially neutral factors are substituted by the system for prohibited factors. The current industry standards and regulatory scheme for unfair discrimination in underwriting is also discussed in Part II. Part III describes the ethical concerns regarding accountability when third-party data inputs and underwriting systems are utilized. In Part IV, we propose a governance approach and framework to address these concerns.
Drohende Persönlichkeitsverletzung nicht glaubhaft gemacht
Authors: Fountoulakis Christiana
Published: January 2022

In der von Medialex bereits besprochenen superprovisorischen Verfügung des Einzelrichters am Kantonsgericht Zug vom Mai 2020 wurde der Journalistin Michèle Binswanger die Publikation eines Buchs, Artikels oder einer andersartigen Veröffentlichung verboten, soweit darin bestimmte Handlungen der Gesuchstellerin Jolanda Spiess-Hegglin anlässlich der Zuger Landammannfeier vom Dezember 2014 thematisiert würden. Nach der Bestätigung dieses Verbots durch den Einzelrichter stösst nun das Zuger Obergericht auf Beschwerde der Journalistin hin den Entscheid um. Es kommt zum Schluss, eine drohende Persönlichkeitsverletzung sei nicht glaubhaft gemacht worden. Das Urteil ist ein Lehrstück dafür, dass das im Rahmen vorsorglicher Massnahmen herabgesetzte Beweismass des Glaubhaftmachens nicht bedeutet, dass pauschale Behauptungen als Beweis- bzw. Glaubhaftmachungsmittel ausreichen. Vielmehr sind die unter Beweis gestellten Tatsachen so substantiiert vorzutragen, dass die Gegenpartei die Möglichkeit hat, diese – wiederum substantiiert – durch Glaubhaftmachen eines anderen Sachverhalts zu entkräften.
De la percepción del tiempo a la predicción del futuro, el progreso como fin
Authors: Pressuti Caterina
Published: January 2022

Sólo gracias a nuestra percepción intrínseca del tiempo hemos desarrollado la capacidad de extender nuestro pensamiento hacia el mañana. Este artículo es un breve viaje que parte de la filosofía Kantiana del tiempo con una breve parada en la neurobiología de la percepción del tiempo de Hermann Helmholtz y llega, por último, a la predicción del futuro aplicada a los tiempos modernos. Haber desarrollado a lo largo del tiempo la capacidad de anticipar los pensamientos y las acciones no es sólo un mecanismo evolutivo para ayudar al hombre como individuo, sino que, hoy en día, es cada vez más importante extenderlo en beneficio de todo el planeta. La anticipación de estrategias útiles se convierte en la base de los planes organizativos de las grandes empresas y corporaciones, que utilizan una peculiar táctica de predicción conocida como "Scenario Planning" para comprometerse en grandes objetivos que van desde la recuperación medioambiental y energética hasta la ayuda sanitaria y social en países en desarrollo como África. Sin embargo, los grandes planes sociales y medioambientales implican no sólo a las grandes empresas, sino sobre todo a las ciudades individuales, desarrollando lo que se conoce como "Smart Cities". La idea global de futuro y progreso, en conclusión, entra en sinergia con una antigua corriente filosófica y literaria del siglo XIX, el Positivismo. La fe del hombre en las fuerzas del progreso tecnológico y científico de entonces no parecerá tan lejana de la de hoy, que pone en manos de la tecnología, la ciencia y el hombre la esperanza de un mundo cada vez más sostenible e inteligente.
Varios presentes, varios futuros: consideraciones para la educación en lo incierto
Authors: Gómez Marcela
Published: January 2022

Luego de brindar una descripción breve de la dinámica social actual, la cual condiciona el ejercicio educativo y formativo, y después de proponer una lectura tripartita de los elementos involucrados en la definición de un comportamiento armónico de la comunidad a partir del modelo de Swift en Los viajes de Gulliver, se sugieren algunas características necesarias en la educación para que permita la creación de una mentalidad sólida ante la incertidumbre.
AUTOMATIC PARENTAL GUIDE SCENE CLASSIFICATION MENGGUNAKAN METODE DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK DAN LSTM
Authors: Gunawan Riko , Kristian Yosi
Published: January 2022

Menonton film merupakan salah satu hobi yang paling digemari oleh berbagai kalangan. Seiring dengan semakin bertambahnya film yang beredar di pasaran, semakin banyak pula konten tidak pantas pada film-film tersebutu. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan sebuah metode untuk mengklasifikasikan film agar konten yang ditonton sesuai dengan usia penonton. Konten film yang kurang cocok untuk pengguna di bawah umur yang akan diklasifikasikan pada penelitian ini antara lain: kekerasan, pronografi, kata-kata kasar, minuman keras, penggunaan obat-obatan terlarang, merokok, adegan mengerikan (horror) dan intens. Metode klasifikasi yang digunakan berupa modifikasi dari convolutional neural network dan LSTM. Gabungan kedua metode ini dapat mengakomodasi data training dalam jumlah yang kecil, serta dapat melakukan multi klasifikasi berdasarkan video, audio, dan subtitle film. Penggunaan multi klasifikasi ini dikarenakan sebuah film selalu memiliki lebih dari satu klasifikasi. Dalam proses training dan testing pada penelitian ini digunakan sebanyak 1000 data untuk klasifikasi video, 600 data klasifikasi audio, dan 400 data klasifikasi subtitle yang didapatkan dari internet. Dari hasil percobaan dihasilkan tingkat akurasi yang diukur dengan menggunakan F1-Score sebesar 0.922 untuk klasifikasi video, 0.741 untuk klasifikasi audio, dan 0.844 untuk klasifikasi subtitle dengan rata-rata akurasi sebesar 0.835. Pada penelitian berikutnya akan dicoba dengan menggunakan metode Deep Convolutional Neural Network yang lain serta dengan memperbanyak jumlah dan variasi dari data testing.
Pemanfaatan 3D U-Net untuk Segmentasi 3 Dimensi Gelembung Penyebab Kanker Paru-paru (Nodule) pada Lapisan Citra CT Scan
Authors: Pribadi Agung , Adisusilo Anang Kukuh
Published: January 2022

Kanker paru-paru adalah salah satu tipe kanker yang mematikan di seluruh dunia. Proses pendeteksian manual memakan banyak waktu dan energi untuk dituangkan. Kerja keras sekalipun tidaklah cukup, maka telat dalam pendeteksian telah menjadi faktor utama dalam tingkat kesembuhan. Menggunakan[ CT Scan adalah salah satu alat skrining yang potensial, tetapi program skrining otomatis dibutuhkan untuk menghemat waktu. Pendeteksian, menyegmentasi dan penggolongan nodule adalah tiga poin utama untuk membuat ini menjadi nyata. Oleh karena itu, dalam mengambil bagian untuk membuat program itu, tugas akhir ini akan melakukan fokus menyegmentasi nodule. Pada awal program, pertama dibutuhkan hasil CT Scan dan segmentasi nodulenya. Selain itu, juga dibutuhkan titik koordinat centroid dari nodule dari hasil scan tersebut. Setelah mengetahui titik centroid dari nodule, maka proses preprocessing akan menjadi mudah. Program akan mengambil daerah sekitar nodule dan nodule sebagai titik tengahnya, hasil dari proses ini adalah sebuah kubus yang memiliki ukuran yang sama untuk semua hasil preprocess yang sebelumnya sudah ditentukan. Setelah mendapatkan kubus daerah sekitar nodule, proses normalisasi akan dilakukan sehingga data siap untuk ditraning oleh neural network. 2 Model dibuat dengan arsitektur yang berbeda, seperti menggunakan U-Net biasa dan U-Net++. Hasil dari program akan menghasilkan skor Jaccard index dengan tingkat keakuratan tertinggi sebesar 79.8%. Didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa penggunaan U-Net biasa dan U-Net++ tidak memiliki perbedaan akurasi yang signifikan, meskipun memiliki komponen layer dan aktivasi yang sama.
EFEITO CARDIOPROTETOR DO COMPLEXO DE INCLUSÃO CARVACROL/β-CICLODEXTRINA NA LESÃO DE REPERFUSÃO CARDÍACA
Authors: Santos Francielle Feitosa Dias , Santos Sandra Lauton , Camargo Enilton Aparecido , Menezes Paula dos Passos , Araújo Adriano Antunes de Souza
Published: January 2022

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial cardioprotetor do complexo de inclusão carvacrol/ β-ciclodextrina (CAR/β-CD) na prevenção dos danos provocados por lesões de reperfusão na função cardíaca. Para tal, ratos Wistar (250- 300 g) foram divididos em 3 grupos e pré-tratados durante 7 dias com CAR/ β-CD, CAR, solução salina (25 mg/ Kg/dia, via oral) e então submetidos à isquemia e reperfusão cardíaca ex vivo. A aferição da pressão ventricular sistólica e diastólica foi realizada em sistema Langendorff. Calculou-se a região do infarto e o índice de severidade de arritmias. Avaliou-se as atividades enzimáticas da superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) e glutationa peroxidase (GPx). Na análise estatística foram aplicados ANOVA de uma via, seguido do teste de Tukey. Animais pré-tratados com 25 mg/Kg de CAR/β-CD obtiveram melhor desempenho contrátil após a isquemia no percentual da pressão desenvolvida no ventrículo esquerdo quando comparado aos pré-tratados com CAR 25 mg/Kg (69,6±1.8 vs 34,1±4.7%). Redução da região do infarto no grupo CAR/β-CD 25 quando comparado a CAR 25 e salina, indicando o efeito cardioprotetor do CAR/β-CD (11,1±4,2; 27,8±4,5; 43,4±11,6%). Em coração, a SOD e CAT mostraram-se reduzidas no grupo CAR/β-CD 25. A GPx em coração apresentou-se elevada no grupo CAR/β-CD 25 comparada a CAR 25. Estes resultados indicam que o complexo de inclusão CAR/β-CD 25 mg/Kg promoveu cardioproteção na lesão de reperfusão cardíaca em ratos por redução de danos oxidativos aos lipídeos, preservação do tecido cardíaco por uma provável diminuição das espécies reativas de oxigênio.
PRONTIDÃO PARA A MUDANÇA DE COMPORTAMENTO DE DEPENDENTES QUÍMICOS DE ÁLCOOL EM TRATAMENTO EM CAPS AD
Authors: Santos Roberto Mendes dos , Lima Murilo Duarte da Costa
Published: January 2022

A prontidão para mudança, expressa como a vontade de se inserir em um processo pessoal de adotar um novo comportamento, pode ser associada à adesão ao tratamento de alcoolistas. Objetivo: conhecer as características clínicas relacionadas à prontidão de alcoolistas para permanecer em tratamento. Método: Trata-se de estudo analítico, longitudinal, de acompanhamento de pacientes, com amostragem não probabilística do tipo intencional, realizada com 41 indivíduos dependentes químicos de álcool em tratamento em dois Centros de Atenção Psicossocial para álcool e outras Drogas (CAPSad) da região metropolitana de João Pessoa/ PB. O estudo verificou a existência de dependência química de álcool dos sujeitos na chegada para o tratamento, por meio do instrumento The Alcohol Use Identification Test (AUDIT), e identificou o estágio de prontidão para a mudança de comportamento em três diferentes momentos, através da escala University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA). Resultado: o público foi formado, em sua maioria, de indivíduos do sexo masculino, com idade média de 44 anos, baixa escolaridade, de classificação econômica Brasil C1 e C2, desempregados, e com cerca de 24 anos de consumo alcoólico. Em relação ao estágio motivacional, a maioria dos pacientes (53,66%) encontrava-se em estado de pré-contemplação, no qual os indivíduos não enxergam a mudança como algo necessário, e apenas 7 sujeitos chegaram ao final dos três meses de pesquisa em tratamento regular. Conclusão: os dados obtidos demonstram a importância da identificação de fatores de modificação dos aspectos motivacionais na construção de projetos terapêuticos mais consentâneos às necessidades terapêuticas individuais.