bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural, hardness and tribological behavior of TiAlNO coatings prepared by sputtering
Authors: García González L. , Vásquez García S. R. , Zamora Peredo L. , López Velázquez A. , Domratcheva Lvova L. , Flores Ramírez N. , Garnica Romo M. G. , Hernández Quiroz T. , Hernández Torres J.
Published: April 2016

Aluminum titanium oxynitride (TiAlNO) coatings were deposited on 316 steel substrates by the sputtering technique, varying the nitrogen flow from 2.5, 5, 7.5 to 10 sccm, and maintaining constant at 12 sccm the flow argon gas. We used targets of titanium and alumina with 99.995% purity. The hardness and tribological analyses were determined by Vickers microhardness and tribology (tribometer pin-disc), respectively. The results show that the coating with a nitrogen flow of 10 sccm had the lowest volumetric wear (2.047738693 mm3) and the maximum value of hardness (11.2 GPa). Analysis of X-ray diffraction evidenced the presence of three crystalline phases: Ti2N, Al2O3 and TiO2. It can be observed that by increasing the nitrogen flow, the portion of semi-Ti2N phase increases, Al2O3 decreases and TiO2 remains almost constant, and also producing a change in crystallographic orientation with reference to the Ti2N phase. Crystal grain sizes were estimated by X-ray diffraction Fourier line profile analysis using Warren–Averbach method. This analysis showed a grain size between 5 and 15 nm. Raman spectroscopy results show the presence of the TiO2 phase which corroborated the X-ray diffraction results.
Selection of microorganisms producer of lipase for fat removal from biodiesel purification water
Authors: Rocha Dayane C. da , Gomes Benedito M. , D.Gomes Simone , Sene Luciane , Zenatti Dilcemara C.
Published: April 2016

The objective this study has been the selection of lipase productor microorganism, for removal of oils and grease, in the pre-treatment of biodiesel wastewater washing. For this, analyses of the physicist-chemistries characteristics had been made with the wastewater of the biodiesel washing, and then it had been isolated and chosen, by means of determinations of the lipase activity. Following, it was made a test of fat biodegradation, in the conditions: pH (5.95), temperature (35 ºC), rotation (180 rpm) and ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source (3 g L-1) and establishing as variable the two microorganism preselected and the time (24; 48; 72; 96 and 120 h). The biodiesel purification wastewater had presented high potential of environmental impact, presenting a concentration of O of 6.76 g L-1. From the six isolated microbiological cultures, two microorganisms (A and B) had been selected, with enzymatic index of 0.56 and 0.57, respectively. The treatment of the wastewater using the isolated microorganism (Klebsiella oxytoca) had 80% of the fatty removal in 48 h.
Inquiries into commissions of inquiry into police
Authors: Van der Spuy Elrena
Published: April 2016

Commissions of inquiry into police have a long and chequered history - both internationally and locally. In this special edition, our focus falls on the two most recent commissions of inquiry into police in South Africa - parochially known as the Marikana and Khayelitsha commissions. The deliberations of the two commissions have attracted much attention. Media coverage has at times opted for the sensational. However, a steady stream of more thoughtful commentaries, crafted by investigative journalists and policing experts, has also seen the light. The archival footprints of both commissions have been enormous. Thousands of pages of information on a wide range of administrative, operational and policy matters of relevance to police and policing have been produced. The online storage of expert testimonies, witness statements, and transcriptions of cross-examinations has further enhanced access to both primary and secondary material. Amid this abundance of data it would seem that those interested in the trials and tribulations of policing the post-colony can do no better than to capitalise on the opportunity for critical reflection and substantive analysis. In this special edition of the South African Crime Quarterly we take up the challenge for reflection.
BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MENYENANGKAN MELALUI APLIKASI MODEL MATH MAGIC
Authors: Asmaningtias Yeni Tri
Published: April 2016

Math magic school is an institution courses that focus on math. Where students learn in a simple, easy, fast and precise. Math Magic special focus for the basic grade students (elementary to junior high) so that the method used more widely to the game. Before playing a game, Brain Gym is usually done in advance to assist students in learning mathematics, after the Brain Gym method is carried out such a game is a game of dominoes and a calculator paper.

Keywords: Magic School Math, Brain Gym, Domino Card, Paper Calculator.
PENGEMBANGAN PEMBELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAAN SOSIAL PADA PENDIDIKAN DASAR
Authors: Rahmaniah Aniek
Published: April 2016

Social sciences at the school level is basically aimed to prepare students as citizens who master knowledge, skills, attitudes and values ​, that can be used as an ability to make decisions and participate in various community activities in order to become good citizens. To achieve these objectives, this paper discusses the development of teaching social studies in elementary education, which consists of: 1) recognize the concepts associated with society and the environment, 2) have the basic ability to think logically and critically, curiosity, inquiry, problem solving, and social skills in life, and 3) a commitment and awareness of social values ​​and humanity, 4) have the ability to communicate, cooperate and competation in a pluralistic society, locally, nationally and globally.
LANDASAN PENGEMBANGAN SUBSTANSI MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN DASAR DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Zuhriyah Indah Aminatuz
Published: April 2016

In order to widespread the best quality of education in elementary education from preliminary to elementary school, it is important to develop the management of education substantion. The aspects of management education substatntion are: 1) curriculum, 2) the student, 3) the teachers, 4) education facilities, 5) education financing, 6) public relation.
This paper discussing only 3 aspects, are: 1) development of curriculum which relates to the basic program of children learning for the 0-12 years old, 2) development of students which relates to effective learning process in order to develop children potential for the preliminary and elementary school year age equally, 3) development of teachers which relates to the teachers capabilities in preliminary and elementary years old. Those three aspects is strengthened by al-Qur`an perspective.
Keywords: Management substantion, elementary education
MENGENAL DUNIA KTSP (Optimalisasi Peran KTSP di Lembaga Pendidikan)
Authors: Baharuddin Baharuddin
Published: April 2016

Indonesia is a country that never consistent to deal with its educational system (i.e. curriculum). This phenomenon can be seen through the changing of curriculum during 1968, 1975, 1984, 2004, and 2006. The last curriculum development (i.e. in 2006) is called as KTSP (kurikulum tingkat satuan pelajaran). The purpose of KTSP is to design curriculum which based on educational autonomy. This curriculum development indicates that the curriculum will train Indonesian human resources to adapt the challenges of social changes.

Key Word: KTSP, Kurikulum, Pendidikan, Guru dan Siswa, Sekolah/Madrasah
PEMBELAJARAN KONTRUKTIFISTIK DENGAN PENDEKATAN CTL PADA TEORI BELAJAR BERMAIN DIENES
Authors: Rahman Hairur
Published: April 2016

In order to improve the students’ mastering at elementary schools, it is important to note that the teaching strategies should not be only focused on “how to teach”, however the teaching should be also focused on “how to stimulate” and “how to learn”.  In this context, the contextual teaching and learning approach (CTL) is considered as the new approach, particularly for math subject, which has been applied in Indonesia. For this purpose, this article offers the concept teaching model by Dienes theory using CTL approach.

Kata Kunci: CTL, Konstruktivisme, Teori Belajar Bermain Dienes.   
URGENSI LINGKUNGAN DALAM PROSES PENDIDIKAN ANAK
Authors: Yaqien Nurul
Published: April 2016

In the Islamic school process, environment-role is affecting to the education accomplishment, either in Islamic school or not. Education field out of Islamic school such as; home-schooling and society-schooling. If these could work each other propitiously, so the result would be filled the bill by government, people, and religion. Otherwise, if Islamic education is only focused on classroom-teaching and paying no regard to society education. Thus, very hard to attain intended outcome. Furthermore, if Islamic education does not care about family setting so will occur teaching learning process-failure especially Islamic religion subject. Therefore, in the carrying out of education in Islamic school, the importance of environment setting in education needs serious consideration to figure ideal human by government, people, and religion. In order that Islamic education is not gone over.    
 Keyword: Enviroment, Islamic-Education
TREND REFORMASI PENDIDIKAN DI AUSTRALIA
Authors: Esha Muhammad In’am
Published: April 2016

Change is an important term in this era. Change is a phenomenon that able to seen in various aspects such as politic, economic, social, and education. Political reform or education reform  that make a trend in the world, actually speak about change. This paper examines education reform in Australia. This study shows several aspect on that phenomenon. First, education reform in Australia influenced by spreading of neoliberalism trend in the world with a famous term: new public management paradigm. As member of OECD, Australia must develop and modernize its education as well as  in New Zealand, England, Japan, and USA.  Second,  education reform needed for competing in globalization era. Relation of education with increasing human resources is an important factor that encourage education reform. Third, education reform in Australia include two aspect: managerial aspect and content of education (curriculum).       
Keyword: Reform, Education, New Public Management.
Evaluasi Pembelajaran Sains Di MI Ma’arif Polorejo
Authors: Fu'adi Athok
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pembelajaran sains di MI Ma’arif Polorejo, adapun batasan dari rumusan masalah adalah penelitian ini mengambil subjek penelitian hanya kelas empat samapai enam, adapun rumusan masalahnya adalah: 1) Bagaimana konteks guru dalam pembelajaran sains 2) Bagaimana proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran sains, 3) Bagaimana hasil pembelajaran sains.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian adalah guru sains. Instrumen penelitian adalah peneliti sendiri. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi. Keabsahan data didapat dengan
melakukan triangulasi dan pengamatan terus-menerus. Analisis data dilakukan sejak dilakukan pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan model interaktif yang terdiri dari tiga tahapan, yaitu reduksi data, memasukkan data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
Latar belakang guru dan siswa serta lama bekarja guru pembelajaran sains mempengaruhi pembelajaran sains yang ada di MI Ma’arif Polorejo, dengan pendidikan S1 Pendidikan Islam, guru melakukan pengembangan diri dengan pelatihan, sharing antar guru dan KKG, sehingga pembelajaran sains dapat berjalan dengan baik. Implementasi pembelajaran sains berjalan sesuai dengan kurikulum KTSP, dengan menerapkan pengelolaan kelas yang bervariasi, multi metode, multi media dan PAKEM serta dengan model CTL. Hasil dari pembelajaran sains dengan PAKEM akan baik jika
menggunakan dan menambahkan metode drill, sehingga anak didik mampu menerima materi pembelajaran sains dengan baik.
Penggunaan Komputer Untuk Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Sakir Abdus
Published: April 2016

Today, many schools have computer. Nevertheless, school uses computer for extracurricular, practicum, and even just for “decoration”. The computer has not been used maximally in the learning of mathematics. Whereas, various research have shown that the result of computer using in the learning mathematic better than without computer.
Keywords: Computer, Using, Learning, Mathematics.
Total Physical Response (TPR) Untuk Meningkatkan Teknik Maharah Al-Kalam Pada Siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Chasanah Rodifatul
Published: April 2016

Teach Arabic to motivated Arabic learning students in tpr. While usually thought of as a powerful language learning approach for beginning students, TPR actually has great potential for learners at any level of ability. The basic idea behind Total Physical Response is that a language learner learns to hear something in the language and then physically respond to it. This method was designed to accelerate listening comprehension of a foreign language by having subjects give a physical response when they heard a
foreign utterance. This suggested that perhaps listening training should be continued for a long time without an attempt to speak before the student is asked to make any utterance in the foreign language.
Key note : Total Physical Response, Maharah Al-Kalam di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Antara Profesi, Kompetensi Dan Tugas Kependidikan Seorang Guru
Authors: Mu'ammaroh Nurul Lail Rosyidatul
Published: April 2016

Experts of education introduce various theory of learning, so that learning can run effective and effiient, and it is no needs many times. In fact, there is no any theory that shows strategy of learning completely. There are many factors that must be considered, both of internal and external factors. The most inflential of external factors is teacher. Whether
students able to receive material well or not is inflenced by teacher. At home, the responsibility of student in the hand of parents, but at school the responsibility of student taken by teacher. In the daily activity, society put high expectation to teacher, since they want their children experience positive -constructive changes.
Keywords: profession, competence, teacher.
Benchmark Framework for Mobile Robots Navigation Algorithms
Authors: Muñoz-Ceballos Nelson David , Valencia-Velásquez Jaime Alejandro
Published: April 2016

Despite the wide variety of studies and research on mobile robot systems, performance metrics are not often examined. This makes difficult to establish an objective comparison of achievements. In this paper, the navigation of an autonomous mobile robot is evaluated. Several metrics are described. These metrics, collectively, provide an indication of navigation quality, useful for comparing and analyzing navigation algorithms of mobile robots. This method is suggested as an educational tool, which allows the student to optimize the algorithms quality, relating to important aspects
of science, technology and engineering teaching, as energy consumption, optimization and design.
Administración de un clúster de procesamiento desde dispositivos móviles con Android
Authors: Amézquita-Mesa Diego Germán , Amézquita-Becerra Germán , Galindo-Parra Omaira Isabel
Published: April 2016

Este artículo describe el proceso de implementación de un sistema de administración y monitoreo para el clúster de procesamiento (grupo de servidores), propuesto por el grupo de investigación INFELCOM, perteneciente a la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Uptc. El sistema fue implementado usando servicios web y programación para móviles con Android. Dicho sistema permite a los usuarios monitorear el estado del clúster en tiempo real desde su dispositivo móvil, y realizar algunas actividades preventivas o correctivas, disminuyendo así el tiempo de respuesta para solucionar los inconvenientes presentados. Las actividades que puede realizar el usuario son configurables por el administrador del sistema, a través de la creación y configuración de comandos acordes con las necesidades. 
Editorial
Authors: Moreno-Telléz Carlos Mauricio
Published: April 2016

Nuevos Horizontes, Nuevas Estrategias
Efecto del tratamiento térmico en la morfología y conductividad térmica de cenizas volantes de la combustión de carbón
Authors: Peña-Rodríguez Gabriel , Ferrer-Pacheco Martha Yasmid , Dulce-Moreno Héctor Jaime
Published: April 2016

Se presenta el efecto del tratamiento térmico en la conductividad térmica efectiva (ke) a temperatura ambiente de polvos de cenizas volantes provenientes de la combustión de carbón de la Central Termoeléctrica de Termotasajero S.A. Dicho parámetro termofísico fue medido usando el sistema KD2Pro® Thermal Properties Analyzer, el cual funciona con el principio físico de flujo lineal transitorio de calor. El tratamiento térmico de las muestras se realizó usando una mufla eléctrica Ney® Vulcan D-130 para el rango de temperaturas de 1050, 1100, 1130, 1200, 1250 y 1300 °C. La porosidad y densidad aparente fue hallada usando la norma NTC 4321-3. La morfología superficial de las muestras fue analizada usando Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (MEB). Los resultados muestran que a medida que se incrementó la temperatura en el tratamiento térmico, las muestras cambiaron de color de gris oscuro a beige; disminuyó el porcentaje de porosidad, debido a su proceso de vitrificación, y se aumentó la densidad y, por ende, la conductividad térmica efectiva. Los valores reportados de ke son muy importantes en los cálculos del coeficiente de transmitancia térmica en los procesos de transferencia de calor donde se utilicen estas cenizas.
Editorial
Authors: Cáceres-Castellanos Gustavo
Published: April 2016

Editorial
Análisis del Plan de Acción del humedal Torca, con base en la evaluación ambiental estratégica
Authors: Díaz-Lozano Aura Yolanda , Hernández-Bravo Sandra Mariluz
Published: April 2016

Presenta los resultados del análisis realizado, con base en la Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica (EAE), al Plan de Acción del humedal de Torca (Bogotá), en el marco de su Plan de Manejo Ambiental, con el fin de contribuir a su conservación. Para lograrlo, se llevaron a cabo las siguientes fases de la EAE: Análisis de la Gestión Ambiental Distrital sobre el humedal Torca; Diagnóstico ambiental; Determinación del estado actual de la política distrital de humedales y del PAHT; Evaluación ambiental de opciones, y Prevención y seguimiento. El análisis se enmarca en el proyecto de investigación de la Maestría en Desarrollo Sustentable y Gestión Ambiental, de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas.
Software Defined Radio: Basic Principles and Applications
Authors: Machado-Fernández José Raúl
Published: April 2016

The author makes a review of the SDR (Software Defined Radio) technology, including hardware schemes and application fields. A low performance device is presented and several tests are executed with it using free software. With the acquired experience, SDR employment opportunities are identified for low-cost solutions that can solve significant problems. In addition, a list of the most important frameworks related to the technology developed in the last years is offered, recommending the use of three of them.
Towards a supervised rescoring system for unstructured data bases used to build specialized dictionaries
Authors: Rico-Sulayes Antonio
Published: April 2016

This article proposes the architecture for a system that uses previously learned weights to sort query results from unstructured data bases when building specialized dictionaries. A common resource in the construction of dictionaries, unstructured data bases have been especially useful in providing information about lexical items frequencies and examples in use. However, when building specialized dictionaries, whose selection of lexical items does not rely on frequency, the use of these data bases gets restricted to a simple provider of examples. Even in this task, the information unstructured data bases provide may not be very useful when looking for specialized uses of lexical items with various meanings and very long lists of results. In the face of this problem, long lists of hits can be rescored based on a supervised learning model that relies on previously helpful results. The allocation of a vast set of high quality training data for this rescoring system is reported here. Finally, the architecture of sucha system,an unprecedented tool in specialized lexicography, is proposed.
Modelo formal de pruebas funcionales de software para alcanzar el Nivel de Madurez Integrado 2
Authors: Escobar-Sánchez Milton Eduardo , Fuertes-Díaz Walter Marcelo
Published: April 2016

Las aplicaciones de software son cada vez más importantes para las organizaciones debido a que permiten llevar a cabo efiientemente sus tareas primordiales; por ello es mandatorio realizar las pruebas de calidad de software. Esta investigación se enfocó en diseñar un modelo formal para desarrollar pruebas funcionales de software que permitan alcanzar el nivel de calidad 2 del Modelo de Madurez de Pruebas Integrado (TMMI). El proceso se inició con un diagnóstico situacional, aplicando la norma ISO-9001-2000; luego, se evaluaron diversos modelos de prueba de calidad de software, como el ISO/IEC 9126, el TMM, el TMMI, el Proceso de Mejoramiento de Pruebas (TPI) y el Enfoque de Gestión de Pruebas (TMAP), realizando una comparación bajo algunos criterios como año de publicación, licenciamiento, niveles, factorías y riesgos. Con esta información se diseñó el modelo propuesto, que es independiente del proceso de desarrollo de software. Concretamente, se fundamentó en el ciclo de prueba, y se compone de cuatro fases: Especifiación, Planifiación, Ejecución y Evaluación, en el que se contrasta en forma real el comportamiento esperado del software. Como caso de estudio y validación se aplicó este modelo a una PYME; los resultados mostraron la efiiencia del modelo y revelaron que es preciso desarrollar una cultura de calidad organizacional en esta empresa.
Influencia del tamaño del cristal de cinc de láminas de acero galvanizadas en ambientes que contienen cloruros y sulfatos
Authors: Ramírez-Jerez Julieth Andrea , Valero-Alvarado Mario , Peña-Ballesteros Darío Yesid , Torres-Ramírez Jhon Edisson
Published: April 2016

El trabajo evaluó la influencia del tamaño del cristal de cinc en el comportamiento electroquímico de láminas de acero galvanizadas por inmersión en caliente. Los ensayos se realizaron en una celda electroquímica plana en soluciones con diferentes concentraciones de NaCl y NaSO4. La velocidad y el mecanismo de corrosión, así como las características resistivas y difusivas de las láminas se evaluaron mediante técnicas electroquímicas, como espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica (EIS), resistencia a la polarización (Rp) y curvas potenciodinámicas. La composición y distribución de los productos de corrosión (FeO y algunos compuestos de cinc) y el daño superficial causado por estos se determinaron por medio de DRX y SEM-EDS. Los resultados mostraron que la degradación de la capa de óxidos formada se ve afectada por la presencia de cloruros que penetran, llegan a la superficie del metal base y generan corrosión localizada.
Control de brazo electrónico usando señales electromiográficas
Authors: García-Pinzón Jorge Andrés , Mendoza Luis Enrique , Flórez Elkin Gregorio
Published: April 2016

Los trabajos enfocados en la extracción de patrones en señales electromiográficas (SEMG) han venido creciendo debido a sus múltiples aplicaciones. En este artículo se presenta una aplicación en la cual se implementa un sistema electrónico para el registro de las SEMG de la extremidad superior en un sujeto, con el fin de controlar de forma remota un brazo electrónico. Se realizó una etapa de preprocesamiento de las señales registradas, para eliminar información poco relevante, y reconocimiento de zonas de interés; enseguida se extraen los patrones y se clasifican. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron: análisis wavelet (AW), análisis de componentes principales (ACP), transformada de fourier (TF), transformada del coseno discreta (TDC), energía, máquinas de soporte vectorial (MSV o SVM) y redes neuronales (RNA). En este artículo se demuestra que la metodología planteada permite realizar un proceso de clasificación con un rendimiento superior al 95%. Se registraron más de 4000 señales.
Programación de Controladores Lógicos (PLC) mediante Ladder y Lenguaje de Control Estructurado (SCL) en MATLAB
Authors: Páez-Logreira Heyder David , Zamora-Musa Ronald , Bohórquez-Pérez José
Published: April 2016

Existen diferentes lenguajes de programación de Controladores Lógicos Programables (PLC), el más común de ellos es el lenguaje de programación gráfico para autómatas programables llamado LADDER. Sin embargo, el lenguaje LADDER no es amigable en programas que requieren de cálculos de ecuaciones matemáticas, por ejemplo, el cálculo del volumen de un tanque en un control de nivel. Lenguajes alternativos como el Lenguaje de Control Estructurado (SCL) son menos estudiados dada su complejidad y poca popularidad en la pequeña y mediana industria. En este artículo se compara los resultados del lenguaje de programación LADDER y el lenguaje SCL generado mediante la herramienta Simulink® PLC Coder de MATLAB® tomando como caso de estudio el cálculo de volumen de un tanque. Finalmente, este trabajo demuestra que la herramienta Simulink® PLC Coder presenta una alternativa de desarrollo más eficiente.
Caracterización mecánica de recubrimientos de aluminio por CVD-FBR sobre aceros inoxidables y resistencia a la oxidación en vapor de agua
Authors: Pérez-Muñoz Diego , Marulanda-Arévalo José Luddey , Meza-Meza Juan Manuel
Published: April 2016

Los recubrimientos de aluminio depositados sobre el acero inoxidable austenítico AISI 317 por Deposición Química de Vapor en Lecho Fluidizado (CVD-FBR) presentan a altas temperaturas una reducción de la velocidad de corrosión de más de 80 veces. Se realizó la caracterización mecánica de los recubrimientos por medio de microdureza, nanoindentación, para conocer cómo se vieron afectas las propiedades mecánicas (en especial la dureza y el módulo de Young) del recubrimiento y del sustrato luego de ser sometidos a la oxidación a alta temperatura. También se hicieron análisis por medio de Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido (MEB), para observar los cambios microestructurales, y de Microscopia de Fuerza Atómica (MFA), para observar cómo varía la topografía y el gradiente de rugosidad en función de la distancia recorrida por la punta del cantiléver durante los barridos.
Aplicaciones y retos del sensado remoto hiperespectral en la geología colombiana
Authors: Camacho-Velasco Ariolfo , Vargas-García Cesar Augusto , Rojas-Morales Fernando Antonio , Castillo-Castelblanco Sergio Fernando , Arguello-Fuentes Henry
Published: April 2016

El Sensado Remoto (SR) es una técnica que permite captar información de una escena sin entrar en contacto físico con ella, mediante el empleo de sensores ubicados, principalmente, en plataformas aéreas, los cuales captan información en diferentes rangos del espectro electromagnético, incluyendo el visible (VIS), el cercano al infrarrojo (NIR) y el de ondas cortas del infrarrojo (SWIR). Teniendo en cuenta que cada material presente en una escena tiene características espectrales diferentes, es posible, a través del análisis de las firmas espectrales, realizar su identificación o clasificación mediante algoritmos. Las Imágenes Hiperespectrales (HSI) captadas por sensores remotos en cientos de bandas espectrales son de importancia en áreas como la geología, la mineralogía, la agronomía y la ecología, entre otras; sin embargo, el gran volumen de literatura dispersa en diferentes líneas (SR, HSI y geología) dificulta su acceso y análisis. Este trabajo presenta un compendio de conceptos, principios básicos y fundamentos matemáticos del SR, e incluye investigaciones y tendencias de él, destacando su desarrollo y sus retos en Colombia, y un caso de uso de HSI en la geología colombiana, cuyas evaluaciones muestran la capacidad de detección del sensor hiperespectral Hyperion, ubicado en el satélite EO-1, para el mapeo geológico en un sitio de prueba al noroccidente del municipio de Girón, departamento de Santander. Los resultados de las evaluaciones son satisfactorios; espectralmente, el coeficiente de correlación fue alto y la relación espacial entre la firma espectral obtenida y la geología conocida del área fue aceptable y correspondió al análisis de Difracción de Rayos X (DRX) realizado a muestras tomadas del área de estudio. 
CSUKA ZOLTÁN-KUTATÁSOK AZ ÚJVIDÉKI BÖLCSÉSZETTUDOMÁNYI KARON
Authors: HORVÁTH FUTÓ HARGITA
Published: April 2016

A tanulmány felvázolja (a teljeség igénye nélkül) az újvidéki Bölcsészettudományi Kar tanárainak és munkatársainak Csuka Zoltán életművével kapcsolatos kutatá- sait, amelyek szépírói és fordítói munkásságára, műveinek recepciójára, műfordí- tásainak elemzésére vonatkoznak, születésének és halálának évfordulója vagy egy- egy elismerése kapcsán íródtak. Az anyag egy része saját gyűjtés, „de visu” leírás, láttamozás eredménye, másik része másodlagos forrásokból (bibliográfiákból) ered. A tanulmányt kiegészíti a Csuka-életművel kapcsolatos írások (nem teljes) bibliográfiai jegyzéke is.
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI FOTOKATALIS TiO2-Cu
Authors: Riyani Kapti , Setyaningtyas Tien , Dwiasi Dian Windy
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini diawali dengan pembuatan fotokatalis TiO2-Cu dengan  cara  impregnasi basah dan fotodeposisi, padaperbandingan mol  TiO2 : Cu2+ adalah 100:0  ;  99:1  ; 98:2  ;  97:3  dan 96:4.  Fotokatalis dikarakterisasi menggunakanSEM, UV-Vis DRS, FTIR dan XRD. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan telah berhasil dilakukan sintesis TiO2-Cu. Darikarakterisasi SEM terlihat bahwa penambahan logam  Cu akan merubah morfologi dari fotokatalis TiO2. Berdasarkan analisis UV-Vis DRS, penambahan dopan logam  Cu  menurunkan energi celah pita dari TiO2. Dari analisis XRD muncul nilai 2θ pada 29,607 dan 48,401 yang menunjukkan terbentuknya kristal monoclinic H2Ti3O7. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan terjadinya perubahan serapan spesifik dari TiO2 yang menandakan terjadi perubahan struktur dari TiO2.
CYBORGS, MUJERES Y DEBATES. EL CIBERFEMINISMO COMO TEORÍA CRÍTICA
Authors: García Manso Almudena
Published: April 2016

Este trabajo platea la base de un movimiento, el ciberfeminismo, que está anclado a su propia realidad: Internet, y que intenta sintetizar su significado feminista, basado principalmente en la imagen Cyborg, y el significado que dicho movimiento le da a la realidad, vista a través de Internet, con el fin de transformarla de manera plástica, irónica y política.
Transition Toward the Highly Advanced Technology for Automated Warehouse System
Authors: Tsujimoto Kazushi ,   Daifuku Co., Ltd.
Published: April 2016

In the 40 years since 1966, when we completed Japan's first automated warehouse, we have been developing new techniques and products targeting next-generation automated warehouses. Centering on the theme “highly advanced technology,” we have freely used state-of-the-art technology such as drives and software to enhance the applications of stacker cranes and peripheral equipment. Thanks to technological advances, automated warehouses expanded and evolved to provide “sorting and picking” in addition to “storage” advances are expected to bring unprecedented processing speed and high revolution enabling many different and novel distribution systems. Here we introduce the changes that have made the “Rack Master” stacker crane so advanced. The Rack Master is a core component of our automated warehouses.
The Impact of Guide Path Configurations on Performance of an Integrated Automated Guided Vehicle System Using Coloured Petri Net
Authors: Aized Tauseef ,   Hagiwara Lab, Department of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan, Takahashi Koji , Hagiwara Ichiro ,   Takahashi Lab, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
Published: April 2016

The objective of this study is to analyse an integrated Automated Guided Vehicle System (AGVS) which is embedded in a pull type multi-product, multi-stage and multi-line flexible manufacturing system (FMS). The analysis is carried out through the development of different guide path configurations. Three guide-path configurations are developed to add flexibility gradually in the AGVS and the impact of added flexibility is studied by examining the performance of the system. The study uses coloured Petri net methodology to model the system and the simulation results lead to decrease the number of automated guided vehicles and hence the overall cost of the system.
Research and Commercialization of SCARA Robot –The Case of Industry-University Joint Research and Development–
Authors: Makino Hiroshi ,   University of Yamanashi, Kato Akitaka , Yamazaki Yasunori ,   Makino Automation,   Nagano National College of Technology
Published: April 2016

This round-table talk was planned as part of the feature “Commercialization of Robot Research.” Taking the SCARA robot as a successful example of commercialization, we'd like to hear from its developers, Drs. Makino, Kato, and Yamazaki, about what was involved and their ideas on future commercialization of robot research.
High Performance Motion Control of Rotary Table for 5-Axis Machining Centers
Authors: Sato Ryuta ,   Institute of Symbiotic Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tsutsumi Masaomi
Published: April 2016

We discuss motion control techniques of rotary tables for 5-axis machining centers. Three translational axes and two rotary ones are controlled simultaneously in the machining of complex shapes such as impellers. A tilting rotary table powered by a worm gear is generally used as the rotary axes for 5-axis machining centers, and various causes of inaccuracy exist in the rotary axes. In this study, we clarified three causes of inaccuracy exists in the rotary axis: rotational fluctuation in the worm gear, backlash, and measurement delay of rotary encoder for feedback. Motor torque saturation of the rotary axis also causes a problem when rotational velocity is changed rapidly. Based upon investigated results, we propose compensators for improving synchronous accuracy. We avoid torque saturation in the rotary axis through acceleration-deceleration design. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed compensators, we applied them to an experimental set-up including a rotary axis. As the results of experiments, it is clarified that the proposed compensators improve the synchronous accuracy of translational and rotary axes.
Development of Tool Fabrication CAD/CAM for Conicoid End Mill
Authors: Morishige Koichi ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering and Intelligent Systems, The University of Electro-Communications, Ishizuka Shingo , Takeuchi Yoshimi ,   Systems Development Department No.1 of Digital Process Ltd.,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University
Published: April 2016

This study deals with new practical fabrication of end mills based on 3D-CAD/CAM. End mills with arbitrary shapes generally difficult to produce are useful in upgrading machining accuracy and efficiency. Our tool fabrication CAD/CAM potentially produces end mills with arbitrarily shaped cutting edge. In order to make them practical, we developed a way to design the cutting edge shape and NC data generation for a 5-axis controlled tool grinding machine. The resulting system enables produces practical, arbitrarily shaped end mills with shape precision comparable to their commercially available counterparts.
The Development of Object-Oriented SECS Communication Module Using Java, UML and Design Patterns
Authors: Li Yen-Hui ,   Department of Testing Engineering, Novatek Microelectronics Corp., Chan Meng-Chang , Lee An-Chen ,   Department of 300mm Lithography Process, Winbond Electronics Corp.,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, R.O.C., 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30049, Taiwan
Published: April 2016

This paper develops an SECS Communication Module, which conforms to SEMI standard, using the Object-oriented Analysis/Design (OOA/D) method. The two main features of SECS Communication Module are Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Design Patterns for developing flexible and reusable software architecture and JAVA program language for implementing SECS Communication Module. The developed SECS communication module can not only be integrated into cluster tool control but can also run stand-alone in a communication equipment.
Development of Micro Electrical Discharge Machine
Authors: Takezawa Hideki ,   Kogakuin University, Inume-cho 139, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 193-0802, Japan, Mohri Naotake , Asano Kouhei , Kodama Yasunori ,   The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Published: April 2016

Micro-EDM Machining Center with rapidly sharpened electrodes was developed in order to implement the precision micromachining. With the proposed machining system, the hybrid system of thin electrode forming and micro-EDM can be carried out on the same machine. It is the hybrid system that combined EDM with ECM. The developed machining system consists of two types of driving devices for gap distance control. One is stepping motor controlled stage and the other is piezo electric tube. The former one is for coarse adjustment and the latter is for fine adjustment. In this paper, we describe the characteristics of the developed machining system with some micromachining results.
Special Issue on Rapid Prototying
Authors: Narahara Hiroyuki ,   Department of Mechanical Information Science and Technology, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Morishige Koichi
Published: April 2016

Rapid prototying (RP) technology applies a simple principle, layered fabrication, and enables complex three-dimensional parts to be fabricated without using molds. This composite technology merges material development, basic hardware construction, and software control technology. Depending on how these elements are combined, RP is used in a wide range of applications, enabling mold-free fabrication and the manufacturing of the molds themselves. Studies on RP using metals were conducted to improve mold performance. This special issue focuses on (1) the development of new fabrication technologies, (2) material development for manufacturing high-performance parts, and (3) the application of RP to mold building. Research on layered fabrication now extends to artificial bone, such as biological prostheses, microparts, and high-performance metal parts and molds. Such studies provide numerous approaches to fabrication that cannot be found in conventional methods. We thank the authors for contributing their intriguing papers to this special issue on rapid prototyping.
Selective Laser Sintering and Subsequent Gas Nitrocarburizing of Low Carbon Steel Powder
Authors: Nakamoto Takayuki ,   Technology Research Institute of Osaka Prefecture, Shirakawa Nobuhiko , Miyata Yoshio , Sone Takumi , Inui Haruyuki ,   Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University
Published: April 2016

Optimum conditions for laser irradiation to achieve fully dense SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) specimens have been investigated for S15C steel, in order to check the industrial feasibility of the SLS process. The mechanical properties of SLS processed S15C steel as well as the surface hardenability have also been investigated. The volume fraction of pores in S15C steel decreases as the scan speed, scan spacing and layer thickness decrease and as the laser power increases, so that the density of SLS specimens increases as the energy density increases. The specimens sintered at an energy density of 800 J/mm3 exhibit very low porosity and, hence, very high density, comparable to those of the corresponding wrought material. Complete elimination of pores is indispensable for the ductility and strength of SLS specimens. Excellent wear resistance can be provided with the surface of S15C steel produced by the SLS process by gas nitrocarburizing because of the formation of Fe2-3N nitride with a very high value of microhardness on the surface.
Permeability Characteristics and Applications of Plastic Injection Molding Fabricated by Metal Laser Sintering Combined with High Speed Milling
Authors: Kojima Michio ,   Department of Mechanical Information Science and Technology, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Narahara Hiroyuki , Nakao Yoshiyuki , Fukumaru Hirofumi , Koresawa Hiroshi , Suzuki Hiroshi , Abe Satoshi ,   Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd., 1048, Kadoma, Kadoma-shi, Japan.
Published: April 2016

This paper describes the results of fundamental experiments conducted by injection mold with permeability fabricated by Metal Laser Sintering Combined with High Speed Milling. Metal Laser Sintering Combined with High Speed Milling is attracting attention as a new mold fabrication approach. This machining method combines the metallic powder layer fabrication method with high-speed cutting. Since this process does not have the problem of tool L/D in usual cutting, it provides outstanding shape machining performance of deep ribs etc. Moreover, with this processing method, sintered density can be controlled by changing the exposure conditions of the laser beam, and gas permeable structures can also be manufactured. This fabrication method does not require the mold to be divided. From these features, this method is expected to offer such advantages as quick delivery of molds and low manufacturing costs. However, little is known about the application of laser sintered metallic molds which have gas permeability structure to plastic injection molding, and the practical use of these molds is not easy. The aim of this research was therefore to investigate the gas permeable structures realized by laser sintered metallic mold in plastic injection molding The results confirmed that permeable injection molds are effective for influencing residue air in products.
LCD Microstereolithography of Photosensitive Resin with Functional Particles
Authors: Hayashi Terutake ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Takaya Yasuhiro , Lee Dongkeon ,   Advanced Manufacturing Research Institute (AMRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8564, Japan
Published: April 2016

A novel microstereolithography (µ-STL) process has been developed in order to fabricate microparts using photosensitive resin with functional particles containing microparticles or nanoparticles. The reduction in the surplus growth, which is caused by light scattered by the filler particles in the photosensitive resin, is accomplished by using grey-scale exposure with a liquid crystal display (LCD) mask. A fabrication process that uses photosensitive resins reinforced with ceramic nanoparticles is developed. Micro bevel gears with a diameter of 1.6 mm and a tooth width of 180 µ m are fabricated. Next, the fabrication process of the electrically conductive parts is examined using a photosensitive resin that contains microsized silver particle as electrically conductive fillers. Micro-resistance patterns are fabricated to evaluate the electrical conductivity of the micro part. Annealing is then conducted for the removal of the photosensitive resin at a temperature of 350±10°C for 1 h. At a filler content of 50 wt%, the electrical resistance is as small as 3×105 W Ω•cm. Using a four-level grey-scale mask, 100 microelectrodes are fabricated simultaneously.
Mechanism of Thermal Deviation Characteristic in Spindle System of Machine Tools
Authors: Yagyu Shinsuke ,   Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia  University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan, Shimizu Shinji , Imai Noboru ,   Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
Published: April 2016

Thermal deviation in machine tools often caused by spindle rotation, feed motion, or environment temperature change has been widely studied but most of these studies have concentrated on improving or compensating for thermal deviation. No study has covered generating mechanism of thermal deviation, however, and guidelines remain to be established for improving their design. We studied thermal deviation in the spindles of machine tools and propose a thermal deviation model in the spindle taking into consideration the generation mechanism, finding that: (1) The thermal time constant that differs between spindle speed-up and slow-down occurs due to a large difference in the heat capacity of each spindle component. (2) The thermal time constant that decreases with increasing spindle speed occurs due the effect of heat capacity or the heat transfer rate of spindle components.
Special Issue on Casting Technology Automation and Control
Authors: Terashima Kazuhiko , Moromugi Shunji
Published: April 2016

Kazuhiko Terashima, p. 227

Simple, low-cost casting technology is essential to transforming materials into products that are used for important components in the automobile, precision machining, and fabrication fields. The casting industry is currently becoming involved in global manufacturing competition as areas such as press, forging, spray-coating, and machining becoming increasingly active. Against this background, the casting society is striving to achieve high quality, lightening, high production, and low cost.

This special issue was planned in discussions with Dr. S. Moromugi and provides insight on high-technology furnace, molding, sand process, pouring, inspection of iron casting using green sand, together with innovative casting methods such as sand press casting, die casting, full molding, and IT technology for managing of cast products.

This special issue’s advanced papers were selected as representative of individual fields that should prove interesting, stimulating, and of great practical use to both general readers and specialists alike. We thank the authors for their kind attention to the many interesting papers contributed to this issue.

Shunji Moromugi, p. 228

Casting, one of the most basic and oldest manufacturing processes, dates back over five centuries. Casting technologies developed over a long period and involve a wide varieties of methods and techniques for improving product quality. Product efficiency has been dramatically improved thanks to advances in casting automation. Even so, many hands are still needed in some casting production because experienced, skilled, and knowledgeable crafts persons are the key to success in yet unautomated casting production processes. Many fields still await the development of automation in casting.

With progress in globalization, economy concerns with automation in basic metal processing are increasing rapidly, especially in newly industrialized nations.

This special issue presents many valuable papers and development reports by researchers and engineers active on the front lines of casting automation development. This special issue will serve as a useful reference providing much practical information and many new insights into automation technology for casting engineers worldwide.

We thank guest editor Professor Kazuhiko Terashima for his invaluable assistance throughout the editing process. This special issue would not have been possible without him. We also thank the authors and editors for their contributions to this issue.
Innovative Automation Technologies and IT Applications of the Metal Casting Process Necessary for the Foundries of the 21st Century
Authors: Terashima Kazuhiko ,   Production Systems Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan, Miyoshi Takanori , Noda Yoshiyuki
Published: April 2016

This general presentation introduces topics such as the current status of automation and IT (Information Technology) application of the metal casting process and new technologies such as vibration control and power-assist technologies. In the 21st Century, automation and support technologies motivating people to work better will become increasingly necessary. Vibration control and power assist will be the two key words representing core technologies indispensable to automated casting of the 21st Century developed in research we initiated.