bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive Value of CHA2DS2-VASc Score for Ischemic Events in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Pei Chongzhe , Bai Yingnan , Dai Qiying , Deng Xin , Liu Yue , Li Zhi , You Jieyun , Peng Juan , Lin Li , Zou Yunzeng
Published: October 2018

We evaluated the association of preprocedure CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes mellitus, stroke, vascular disease, and sex) score with ischemic events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The Dryad Digital Repository enrolled 2533 patients between July 2009 and August 2011. We recorded 1-year ischemic events. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the association between CHA2DS2-VASc score and ischemic events. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the accuracy of CHA2DS2-VASc score in predicting long-term ischemic events. Long-term death (9.5 vs 2.8%), cardiac death (2.9 vs 1.4%), and nonfatal stroke (1.9 vs 0.7%) were significantly higher in the CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 group than the CHA2DS2-VASc score ≤1 group. The CHA2DS2-VASc score was a predictor for all-cause death (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 3.71 [1.89-7.30]). The risk factors for all-cause death in CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 patients included age, diagnosis, heart failure, older myocardial infarction, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, while the risk factor for CHA2DS2-VASc score ≤1 patients was age. In conclusion, the CHA2DS2-VASc score is associated with long-term all-cause death, cardiac death, and stroke in patients undergoing PCI, and it may have a potential use for risk stratification for patients who undergo PCI.
Descriptive Analysis and Meta Analysis of Studies Investigating the Effectiveness of Simultaneous Prompting Procedure
Authors: Tekin-Iftar Elif , Olcay-Gul Seray , Collins Belva C.
Published: October 2018

Researchers have investigated the simultaneous prompting (SP) procedure across three decades; however, no meta-analysis has been conducted. In the present systematic review, we conducted both a descriptive and meta-analysis of SP studies from a seminal publication of an SP study through 2017. Our search resulted in 20 studies published in English in internationally disseminated peer-reviewed journals that used single-case methodology and also met criteria for methodological rigor. To analyze effect sizes, we used percentage of non-overlapping points and Tau- U, with both revealing highly consistent results. We concluded that there is a substantial body of evidence to support the SP procedure to teach a variety of skills to individuals with disabilities when consistent parameters of the procedure are employed; however, future research is needed to specifically validate the procedure as effective in regard to specific types of disability (e.g., autism spectrum disorder) and specific types of tasks.
Emotional and Cognitive Modulation of Cybersickness: The Role of Pain Catastrophizing and Body Awareness
Authors: Mittelstädt Justin Maximilian , Wacker Jan , Stelling Dirk
Published: October 2018

Objective:

The goal was to investigate the influence of the tendency to catastrophize somatic symptoms and body awareness on motion-related sickness.

Background:

Influences of emotional and cognitive-evaluative processes on the genesis of motion sickness or cybersickness have rarely been investigated. Brain imaging studies showed activation during cybersickness, resembling the pattern found for pain processing. Two aspects often investigated in this context are pain catastrophizing and body awareness. The present two studies investigated the relationship of motion-related sickness to two tendencies involved in pain processing: pain catastrophizing and body awareness.

Method:

In the first study, 115 participants reported their motion sickness history, pain catastrophizing, and body awareness. In the second study, 40 participants were exposed to a virtual reality and reported their experience of cybersickness as well as their pain catastrophizing and body awareness.

Results:

Pain catastrophizing was positively correlated to motion sickness history and cybersickness. Body awareness did not show a linear effect on motion sickness history or cybersickness. However, the interaction effect of pain catastrophizing and body awareness was significant in both studies.

Conclusion:

Pain catastrophizing seems to have a detrimental effect on cybersickness symptoms. Body awareness moderated the relationship in the sense that the combination of high pain catastrophizing and low body awareness lead to the highest sickness levels.

Application:

Affective and cognitive modulation of cybersickness symptoms should be considered when exposing risk groups to motion-related adverse stimuli.
Selling the Premium in Freemium
Authors: Gu Xian , Kannan P.K. , Ma Liye
Published: October 2018

The success of a freemium model depends on the number of customers who purchase the premium version in the presence of the free version. The authors investigate the strategy of extending the premium product line to spur demand for the existing premium version. Extending the results of the standard product line model is insufficient in such cases because of the conceptual nuances in a freemium context. The authors conduct a randomized field experiment with an online content provider that offers book titles in a PDF version for free and sells the paperback version for a premium. The authors show that paperback titles accompanied by an additional premium version, either in e-book or hardcover format, have higher sales than those in the control condition. The positive impact on paperback sales is stronger for titles that are more popular or cheaper, and the effect of introducing the e-book version is higher when the e-book price is closer to the paperback price. By analyzing individual customer choices, the authors identify the existence of the compromise effect and the attraction effect in the extended product line setting, a significant contribution not only in the freemium context but also to the product line literature.
Fault detection, isolation and reconfiguration of a bipedal-legged robot
Authors: Singh Rajmeet , Bera Tarun Kumar
Published: October 2018

This paper deals with the fault detection, isolation (FDI) and reconfiguration of the locomotion of a bipedal-legged robot. Initially, the planar model of the legged robot in the vertical plane is developed using a bond graph (BG) approach. Then, the planar BG model of the legged robot is extended to the three-dimensional legged robot. Two individual motors are used to actuate the prismatic leg of the robot for locomotion. The BG simulation provides results for straight walking based on an oscillating cylinder mechanism and the turning motion of the legged robot are discussed. The prototype model of the legged robot is also developed and experimentation is done for straight and inclined plane applications. Finally, an FDI technique for the three-dimensional model of a legged robot is developed for the generation of fault indicators (i.e., analytical redundancy relations; ARRs) in the presence of system failure. The ARRs are derived from the BG model of the legged robot during the occurrences of the fault. The experimental results are validated with the simulation results for FDI and reconfiguration when the robot manoeuvres in a U-shaped path. The real-time fault diagnosis and reconfiguration for locomotion of the legged robot is possible with this FDI approach.
Strain sensing fabric integrated with carbon nanotube yarn for wearable applications
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Ningjuan , Gao Yang , Wang Shuang , Cheng Qiong , Xu Fujun
Published: October 2018

Textiles, as a desired platform for wearable smart technology, can be integrated with smart elements in the hierarchical levels of the fabric structure. In this study, a new way to make strain sensing fabric was developed by embedding a single strain sensing carbon nanotube (CNT)-based yarn into the woven structure. To overcome the abrasion during insertion, the yarn was coated with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to achieve higher mechanical performance. The gauge factor of the yarn was improved from 0.91 to 1.64. The sensing properties of CNT/PVA yarn integrated strain sensing fabric showed a gauge factor of over 1.1, a degree of linearity of more than 97% and good stability and repeatability during cyclic loading. Fabric with different integrated yarn lengths, patterns and output connections has also been investigated. The results showed that the yarn length and bend over section had a great influence on the strain sensing properties of the fabric. Furthermore, the fabric strain sensor exhibited a quick and precise response to the finger motion detection, demonstrating potential in wearable electronics.
Chaos control of permanent magnet synchronous motor using simple controllers
Authors: Iqbal Arif , Singh Girish Kumar
Published: October 2018

Owing to the superior properties and stable operation, the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is preferably used in wide industrial applications. But, the stability of motor is found to be dependent on its initial operating condition, showing the chaotic characteristic. Therefore, this paper addresses the chaos control of PMSM by developing four simple but effective controllers, which are mathematically designed by using the principle of Lyapunov’s method for asymptotic global stability. A comparative performance assessment has been carried out for the developed controllers in terms of settling time and peak over shoot. Furthermore, the concept of conventional proportional-integration type controller has been extended to develop two more controllers for chaos control of PMSM. Numerical simulation has been carried out in Matlab environment for performance evaluation of developed controllers. The obtained analytical results have been validated through experimental implementation in real time environment on Multisim/Ultiboard platform.
Integrated vehicle chassis control for active front steering and direct yaw moment control based on hierarchical structure
Authors: Zhang Jiaxu , Li Jing
Published: October 2018

This paper presents an integrated vehicle chassis control (IVCC) strategy to improve vehicle handling and stability by coordinating active front steering (AFS) and direct yaw moment control (DYC) in a hierarchical way. In high-level control, the corrective yaw moment is calculated by the fast terminal sliding mode control (FTSMC) method, which may improve the transient response of the system, and a non-linear disturbance observer (NDO) is used to estimate and compensate for the model uncertainty and external disturbance to suppress the chattering of FTSMC. In low-level control, the null-space-based control reallocation method and inverse tyre model are utilized to transform the corrective yaw moment to the desired longitudinal slips and the steer angle increment of front wheels by considering the constraints of actuators and friction ellipse of each wheel. Finally, the performance of the proposed control strategy is verified through simulations of various manoeuvres based on vehicle dynamic software CarSim.
Source rocks evaluation of the Paleogene Shahejie 3 Formation in the Dongpu Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
Authors: Jiang Zi-Ran , Zuo Yin-Hui , Yang Mei-Hua , Zhang Yun-Xian , Zhou Yong-Shui
Published: October 2018

Present simulation results based on two-dimensional basin cannot obtain accurate evaluations of petroleum resources because of not combining the thermal history in the Dongpu Depression. In this paper, Shahejie 3 Formation source rocks are evaluated using the geochemical data, and based on the thermal history, the thermal maturity evolution of typical wells and the top and bottom of the Shahejie 3 Formation source rocks are modeled using BasinMod software. Results show that source rocks are mainly distributed in the Haitongji-Liutun and Qianliyuan areas, and dominated by medium to high maturity source rocks. Organic matter types are primarily types II and III kerogen with a small amount of type I. The Shahejie 3 Formation source rocks in the Menggangji area experienced two stages of hydrocarbon generation: (1) during the Dongying Formation depositional period (33–17 Ma) and (2) from the Minghuazhen Formation depositional period to present (5.1–0 Ma). The source rocks are generally underdeveloped with low potential for hydrocarbon generation due to nonpoor and thin source rocks in this area. The two stages of hydrocarbon generation are not obvious for other areas. When the bottom of the source rocks reached overmature stage, the mid-lower Shahejie 3 Formation experienced the peak of hydrocarbon generation during the Dongying Formation depositional period. The thermal maturity evolution of the Shahejie 3 Formation source rocks revealed that the main hydrocarbon generation period was during the Dongying Formation depositional period. Therefore, petroleum exploration is suggested to be performed at the Shahejie 3 Formation source rocks in the Qianliyuan and Haitongji-Liutun areas to study the lithology and discover complex petroleum reservoirs in the Dongpu Depression.
Unruly Women and Carnivalesque Countercontrol: Offensive Humor in Mediated Social Protest
Authors: Graefer Anne , Kilby Allaina , Kalviknes Bore Inger-Lise
Published: October 2018

At the Women’s March in January 2018, many protest posters featured offensive jokes at the expense of Trump’s body and behavior. Such posters were shared widely online, much to the amusement of the movement’s supporters. Through a close analysis of posts on Instagram and Twitter, we explore the role of “vulgar” and “offensive” humor in mediated social protest. By highlighting its radical and conservative tendencies, we demonstrate how we can understand these practices of offensive humor as a contemporary expression of “the carnivalesque” that is complexly intertwined with social change.
Emotion regulation and satisfaction in long-term marital relationships: The role of emotional contagion
Authors: Mazzuca Silvia , Kafetsios Konstantinos , Livi Stefano , Presaghi Fabio
Published: October 2018

How couples regulate their emotions and how they converge emotionally with one another can critically affect relationship quality. We examined individual differences in two different classes of interaction-relevant processes—emotion regulation (ER) and emotional contagion (EC), the tendency to catch and converge with the emotions of others—in long-term marital relationships. Results from the actor–partner interdependence model analyses indicated that (a) actors’ and partners’ levels of cognitive reappraisal (but not suppression) and EC were independently associated with higher marital satisfaction and (b) both partners’ and actors’ levels of EC moderated associations between cognitive reappraisal (but not suppression) and marital satisfaction, such that this association significantly increased for lower levels of EC. EC at couple level had a direct effect on marital satisfaction and overrode individual-level effects of EC. These results indicate that both automatic (EC) and controlled (ER) processes have independent and conjoint effects on marital satisfaction in long-wed couples and, to an extent, coincide in attempts to synchronize couples’ emotional linkage. The results point to intrapersonal and interpersonal mechanisms in the regulation of emotion in longer term marital relationships.
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity moderates within-person associations of daily capitalization with positive affect and relationship quality
Authors: Gouin Jean-Philippe , Caldwell Warren C. , MacNeil Sasha L. , Roddick Charlotte M.
Published: October 2018

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) has been conceptualized as a biomarker of a neurophysiological system supporting social behaviors. Capitalization, the interpersonal process of sharing positive experiences with close others, has been associated with improved intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning. The present study examined whether RSA moderated the within-person associations of daily capitalization with positive affect and relationship quality. Participants ( N = 149) completed an electrocardiogram recording during a resting baseline and a worry induction period, as well as a 14-day daily diary assessment of capitalization, positive affect, and relationship quality. Results indicated that RSA reactivity moderated the within-person effects of daily capitalization on positive affect and relationship quality. On days when they did not capitalize, individuals with higher RSA reactivity experienced lower positive affect and poorer relationship quality than their counterparts with lower RSA reactivity. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between participants with lower and higher RSA reactivity on days when they capitalized. These results provide further evidence that RSA reactivity shapes sensitivity to social context, including one’s responses to the lack of usual capitalization interactions.
The Use of Input-Output Models in Local Impact Analysis
Authors: Bishop Paul , Brand Steven , McVittie Eric
Published: October 2018

This paper examines the potential use of input–output analysis for the assessment of the local impact of key sectors or industrial clusters. The recent development of models for Devon and Cornwall is discussed together with a case study of the impact of the Devonport naval base/dockyard complex in Plymouth. It is argued that there is a strong case for the further development of such models through partnerships of local organisations concerned with economic development.
Growth, Excess and Opportunities
Authors: Wooliscroft Ben , Ganglmair-Wooliscroft Alexandra
Published: October 2018

Exchange is seen through all living entities, but marketing systems and their complexity are one of the aspects that separate humans from other animals. Our marketing systems are complex and require trust in remote, and often never met or personally encountered, individuals. These marketing systems have significantly contributed to the development of humanity and our increasing length of life and standard of living. But, in the Western world we have gone beyond satisfying the needs of humans to an era of excess consumption that negatively impacts on not just our current environment and society, but our potential futures. At the same time vast numbers of people remain under provided for by marketing systems, living short lives with a low standard of living. Discussing the development of marketing systems and our current era of excess this paper provides a call to macromarketing researcher. It asks for research on big topics that will define the future of humanity, and potentially whether there will be one at all.
Effectiveness and weakness of local infiltration analgesia in total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review
Authors: Zhang Zihao , Shen Bin
Published: October 2018

Local infiltration analgesia has been widely used for pain relief in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. However, the effectiveness and major weakness of this technique have not been clarified; therefore, improvements in the technique have been limited. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing local infiltration analgesia with placebo infiltration in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Fourteen trials involving 1305 knees were eligible. The results showed that local infiltration analgesia significantly reduced early perioperative pain and total narcotic consumption. However, postoperative functional outcomes were not significantly different between local infiltration analgesia and placebo. The pain-relieving effect of local infiltration analgesia was found to be strong but short in duration. In the future, modified delivery methods and formulas with longer durations of action and analgesia may provide a better environment for patients and therefore improve their function outcomes.
Exploring the Self-Reported Long-Distance Travel Frequency of Millennials and Generation X in California
Authors: Berliner Rosaria M. , Aultman-Hall Lisa , Circella Giovanni
Published: October 2018

Long-distance travel research is limited because of the lack of robust data and the complexity of defining a long-distance trip. The patterns of infrequent long-distance trips are poorly understood especially compared with the better studied (and understood) local daily travel patterns. This study contributes to filling that gap by investigating the factors that affect the frequency of long-distance trips of Californian millennials (18–34 years old, in 2015) and members of the preceding Generation X (35–50 years old, in 2015). Data collected with an online survey administered in fall 2015 are used to study the mobility of these age groups. The survey collected information on several travel-related variables, including the number of long-distance trips (defined as trips longer than 100 miles, one way) made by various modes during the previous 12 months. The authors estimate six negative binomial regression models of long-distance travel separated by purpose ( business or leisure) and mode ( overall travel versus air). The study explores the relationship of long-distance trip formation with several sociodemographic, land use, and attitudinal variables. Consistent with expectations, individual income positively affects the number of long-distance trips made by each individual. Among the attitudinal variables, the individuals who are adventurers, have higher “variety seeking” attitudes and are more interested in adopting new technologies are found to make a larger number of long-distance trips. However, those who prefer to shop in brick-and-mortar stores rather than online are found to have lower levels of long-distance travel.
Factors Affecting Travel Demand by Bus: An Empirical Analysis at U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Area Level
Authors: Alam Bhuiyan Monwar , Nixon Hilary , Zhang Qiong
Published: October 2018

Understanding the nature of transit travel demand is at the heart of transportation policy making and the success of transit systems. Unfortunately, most existing studies focus narrowly on a single or a few transit systems or metropolitan areas to analyze the determinants of transit travel demand. It is, therefore, difficult to generalize their findings over a broader geographic scale. This paper examines and explores the determinants of transit travel demand by bus generalizable to the entire U.S. by investigating internal and external factors at the U.S. metropolitan statistical area (MSA) level for 2010. The authors collected and used data for all 358 MSAs nationwide. Internal factors are those that the transit managers and operators have some control over (e.g., transit supply, transit coverage), whereas external factors are those that they do not have control over (e.g., population density, vehicles per household). Several variables came directly from the U.S. Census Bureau and National Transit Database, whereas the authors constructed others using data from these two sources. The paper employs a log-log regression model to address the issues of non-normality, non-linearity, and heteroscedasticity. Findings suggest that internal factors tend to be significant predictors of travel demand by bus mode compared with external ones. As such, transit authorities have the ability to attract ridership by adjusting the influential internal factors under their control.
Germs on a Plane: The Transmission and Risks of Airplane-Borne Diseases
Authors: Sevilla Nereyda L.
Published: October 2018

This research explored the role of air travel in the spread of infectious diseases, specifically severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), H1N1, Ebola, and pneumonic plague. Air travel provides the means for such diseases to spread internationally at extraordinary rates because infected passengers jump from coast to coast and continent to continent within hours. Outbreaks of diseases that spread from person to person test the effectiveness of current public health responses. This research used a mixed methods approach, including use of the Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler, to model the spread of diseases, evaluate the impact of air travel on disease spread, and analyze the effectiveness of different public health strategies and travel policies. Modeling showed that the spread of Ebola and pneumonic plague is minimal and should not be a major air travel concern if an individual becomes infected. H1N1 and SARS have higher infection rates and air travel will facilitate the spread of disease nationally and internationally. To contain the spread of infectious diseases, aviation and public health authorities should establish tailored preventive measures at airports, capture contact information for ticketed passengers, expand the definition of “close contact,” and conduct widespread educational programs. The measures will put in place a foundation for containing the spread of infectious diseases via air travel and minimize the panic and economic consequences that may occur during an outbreak.
Effect of chicken feather and boron compounds as filler on mechanical and flame retardancy properties of polymer composite materials
Authors: Kuru D , Akpinar Borazan A , Guru M
Published: October 2018

Sustainable utilisation of solid waste has been influenced by the increasing population of the world. Benefits of using solid waste based on natural fibre in polymer material are biodegradability and cost effectiveness. In poultry farms, chicken poultry, one of the slaughterhouse wastes is confronted with 30 106 kg of waste per year in Turkey. The evaluation of this waste, which is quite rich in keratin, is extremely important both for the solution of the waste problem and for maintaining a clean environment, bringing this valuable material to the economy. These fibres are stable, durable and biodegradable because they have a crystalline structure. However, this valuable waste will have a positive effect when used together with boron minerals, which both increase the mechanical properties, flame retardancy and biodegradation of composite material. In this study, it is the aim to manufacture superior polyester-based composite materials reinforced with three kinds of boron minerals, such as boron oxide, borax pentahydrate, borax decahydrate and fibres recycled from waste chicken feathers. The effect of different filling ratios of filling materials on the mechanical and physical properties of composite materials was examined. Flame retardancy properties of the composites with best mechanical results were investigated. After pouring by means of the pre-casting process, the water absorption and swelling thickness of final products, as well as density, bending strength, flexural modulus, limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscope analysis, was performed. Mixing prescriptions and conditions with the best properties were determined.
Reuse of paint sludge in road pavements: Technological and environmental issues
Authors: Zanetti Maria Chiara , Ruffino Barbara , Vercelli Arianna , Dalmazzo Davide , Santagata Ezio
Published: October 2018

This paper presents some of the results obtained in a research project focused on the use of paint sludge (PS) as a modifying agent in the production of bituminous binders for paving applications. The scope of the project was to provide an innovative, sustainable and profitable solution to waste management problems which automotive industries have to face worldwide as a result of the production of PS. The authors applied for a patent which defines the industrial process for the production of PS modified binders (PSMBs). Measurements and analyses which were considered relevant for the assessment of technological feasibility included evaluation of: PS physical characteristics, PSMB high-temperature viscosity and PSMB storage stability. Environmental issues were addressed by considering PS chemical composition, gaseous emissions during PSMB production, and leaching behavior of bituminous mixtures containing PSMBs. Obtained results show that with a proper adaptation of the PSMB production process (i.e., PS drying at a higher temperature than 105°C) it is possible to comply with technological and environmental requirements such as those related to storage stability and to gaseous emissions during PSMB production and laying of bituminous mixtures. Leaching tests, aimed to evaluate runoff water quality, show no substantial difference in the release of substances in water between standard bituminous mixtures and bituminous mixtures prepared with PSMBs.
Exposure to heavy metals alters the surface topology of alveolar macrophages and induces respiratory dysfunction among Indian metal arc-welders
Authors: Moitra Subhabrata , Ghosh Jayashree , Firdous Jannatul , Bandyopadhyay Arghya , Mondal Monojit , Biswas Jayanta Kumar , Sahu Subhashis , Bhattacharyya Soumya , Moitra Saibal
Published: October 2018

Background:

Despite the available clinico-epidemiological evidence of heavy metal-associated respiratory health hazards among metal arc-welders, experimental confirmation of such an association is lacking.

Methods:

In this study, we recruited 15 metal arc-welders and 10 referent workers without direct exposure. We assessed respiratory health through a questionnaire and spirometry; estimated manganese, nickel and cadmium levels in blood, urine and induced sputum; performed differential counts of sputum leucocytes and measured plasma malondialdehyde (MDA). We used atomic force and scanning electron microscopy to assess the physical property of the alveolar macrophages (AMs) obtained from induced sputum and analysed cell surface deposition of heavy metals using energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EDX). Sputum cellular DNA damage was assessed by DNA-laddering assay.

Results:

There was a higher body burden of manganese and nickel in the metal arc-welders than the referents. Among major spirometric indices, only the forced mid-expiratory flow rates (FEF25–75) were reduced in the welders compared with the referents (63.4 ± 14.7 vs. 89.2 ± 26.7, p < 0.01); this reduction was associated with both heavy metal levels ( β: −41.8, 95% CI: −78.5% to −5.1%) and plasma MDA (−0.37; −0.68 to −0.06). In metal arc-welders, significant physical and morphological changes were observed in AMs through microscopic evaluation while EDX analyses demonstrated higher deposition of heavy metals on the AM cell surface than the referents. We also observed a higher degree of DNA damage in the sputum cells of the exposed workers than the referents.

Conclusion:

Heavy metal exposure-induced adverse respiratory effects among metal arc-welders are mediated through haematological and cytological interactions.
Influence of Schizophrenia-Associated Gene Egr3 on Sleep Behavior and Circadian Rhythms in Mice
Authors: Maple Amanda M. , Rowe Rachel K. , Lifshitz Jonathan , Fernandez Fabian , Gallitano Amelia L.
Published: October 2018

Up to 80% of people meeting DSM-IV definitions for schizophrenia will exhibit difficulties with sleep, along with a breakdown in circadian entrainment and rhythmicity. The changes to the sleep and circadian systems in this population are thought to be interdependent, as evidenced by the frequent use of the combined term “sleep and circadian rhythm disruption” or “SCRD” to describe their occurrence. To understand links between sleep and circadian problems in the schizophrenia population, we analyzed the duration and rhythmicity of sleep behavior in mice lacking function of the immediate early gene early growth response 3 ( Egr3). EGR3 has been associated with schizophrenia risk in humans, and Egr3-deficient (-/-) mice display various features of schizophrenia that are responsive to antipsychotic treatment. While Egr3-/- mice slept less than their wildtype (WT) littermates, they showed no evidence of circadian disorganization; in fact, circadian rhythms of activity were more robust in these mice compared with WT, as measured by time series analysis and the relative amplitude index of Van Someren’s suite of non-parametric circadian rhythm analyses. Differences in circadian robustness were maintained when the animals were transferred to several weeks of housing under constant darkness or constant light. Together, our results suggest that Egr3-/- mice retain control over the circadian timekeeping of sleep and wake, while showing impaired sleep. The findings are compatible with those from a surprising array of mouse models of schizophrenia and raise the possibility that SCRD may be 2 separate disorders in the schizophrenia population requiring different treatment strategies.
On Moral Panic: Some Directions for Further Development
Authors: Falkof Nicky
Published: October 2018

This article is concerned with the continued salience of the notion of moral panic, an idea that has been both enormously influential in sociological and media research and has come under fire for various flaws. It reviews some of the most common critiques of moral panic, discussing why these are valid and where they fall short, and adds new comments on some weaknesses in the theory. It goes on to argue that the term and the idea of moral panic continue to have value as critical tools, but require updating. Suggested further developments include broadening moral panic to allow for analyses that consider the global south; taking account of the narrative layering that characterises these episodes; considering the intersection of moral panics and digital media; centralising fear and anxiety in moral panic research; considering moral panics as an interdisciplinary framework rather than as a strict model; and invoking a psychoanalytic rhetoric to further explain how moral panics work and what they do.
Multi-fault diagnosis of rolling bearing using fuzzy entropy of empirical mode decomposition, principal component analysis, and SOM neural network
Authors: Zair Mohamed , Rahmoune Chemseddine , Benazzouz Djamel
Published: October 2018

The condition monitoring and multi-fault diagnosis of rolling bearing is a very important research content in the field of the rotating machinery health management. Most researches widely used empirical mode decomposition in tandem with principal component analysis which is applied for feature extraction. But this method may lead to imprecise classification. In this paper, we propose a new method of rolling bearing multi-fault diagnosis, by combining the fuzzy entropy of empirical mode decomposition, principal component analysis, and self-organizing map neural network. The empirical mode decomposition process allows the vibration signal to be decomposed into a series of intrinsic mode functions. For each intrinsic mode function, we obtained the fault feature information. The proposed approach combines the fuzzy function and sample entropy to obtain fuzzy entropy. By this combination, we can reflect the complexity and the irregularity in each intrinsic mode function component. The fuzzy entropy of empirical mode decomposition used to construct the vectors is defined as the input of the principal component analysis. This principal component analysis is used to reduce the dimension of the feature vectors. Finally, the reduced feature vectors are chosen as input of self-organizing map network for automatic fault diagnosis and fault classification. The obtained results show that the proposed approach makes it possible to correctly assess the degradation of rolling bearing and to obtain recognition of high-sensitivity defects for different types of bearing faults.
Phenomenological modeling of diesel spray with varying injection profile
Authors: Liu Long , Peng Yan , Ma Xiuzhen , Horibe Naoto , Ishiyama Takuji
Published: October 2018

Accurate and quick prediction of spray characteristics such as spray penetration is paramount for the understanding and quantitative analysis of the combustion process in diesel engines, in order to perform parametric study on advanced combustion process in diesel engines, zero-dimensional diesel spray model is often used for the prediction of the spray evolution. In this study, a previous zero-dimensional diesel spray model applied for the spray penetration prediction including the part after the end of injection with a constant injection rate was extended to the cases with varying injection rate. The effective injection velocity was introduced into the previous spray model, which is defined as the ratio of the momentum flux and fuel mass flow rate over the spray tip cross-sectional area. Combined with this definition, the analysis of effective injection rate and its response time was performed during and after the end of injection. After that, the fuel mass flow rate and momentum flux over the spray tip cross-sectional area were derived for varying injection rate even after the end of injection based on the momentum and fuel mass conservation along the spray axis, and further the spray penetration. Finally, the developed model was validated by comparing with the experimental data.
Separation mitigation using pressure feedback technique for hypersonic shock wave boundary layer interaction
Authors: Desai Siddesh , Kulkarni Vinayak , Gadgil Hrishikesh
Published: October 2018

Present studies are focused on the use of pressure feedback technique as a separation control technique for ramp induced flow separation at hypersonic speed. Numerical simulations portrayed that though pressure feedback technique can reduce the flow separation, further cooling of the feedback channel enhances its potential for separation control. Marginal cooling of channel walls to 175 K has reduced separation bubble size by 18.18% while strong cooling of those walls to 50 K reduced the separation by 30%. Such low enthalpy perfect gas simulations also showed the lower effectiveness of pressure feedback technique with increased ramp angle. Further, it has been noticed from the perfect and nonequilibrium gas flow simulations that the cooling of pressure feedback channel introduces differential separation size for the same wall-to-total temperature ratio cases. Integration of cooled pressure feedback channel with blunt leading edge configuration showed reduced separation size for any bluntness radius. Effectiveness of this integration is seen in lowering the values of inversion and equivalent radii. Thus, use of cooled pressure feedback technique in conjunction with leading edge bluntness is not only seen to have reduced the intensity of shock wave boundary layer interaction but also has enhanced the controllability of blunted leading edge without altering the entropy layer–boundary layer interaction.
Still Suspicious: The Suspicious-Coincidence Effect Revisited
Authors: Lewis Molly L. , Frank Michael C.
Published: October 2018

Imagine hearing someone call a particular dalmatian a “dax.” The meaning of the novel noun dax is ambiguous between the subordinate meaning (dalmatian) and the basic-level meaning (dog). Yet both children and adults successfully learn noun meanings at the intended level of abstraction from similar evidence. Xu and Tenenbaum (2007a) provided an explanation for this apparent puzzle: Learners assume that examples are sampled from the true underlying category (strong sampling), making cases in which there are more observed exemplars more consistent with a subordinate meaning than cases in which there are fewer exemplars (the suspicious-coincidence effect). Authors of more recent work (Spencer, Perone, Smith, & Samuelson, 2011) have questioned the relevance of this finding, however, arguing that the effect occurs only when the examples are presented to the learner simultaneously. Across a series of 12 experiments ( N = 600), we systematically manipulated several experimental parameters that varied across previous studies, and we successfully replicated the findings of both sets of authors. Taken together, our data suggest that the suspicious-coincidence effect in fact is robust to presentation timing of examples but is sensitive to another factor that varied in the Spencer et al. (2011) experiments, namely, trial order. Our work highlights the influence of pragmatics on behavior in experimental tasks.
Autogenic and allogenic factors affecting development of a floating Sphagnum-dominated peat mat in a karst pond basin
Authors: Tsyganov Andrey N , Kupriyanov Dmitry A , Babeshko Kirill V , Borisova Tamara V , Chernyshov Viktor A , Volkova Elena M , Chekova Daria A , Mazei Yuri A , Novenko Elena Yu
Published: October 2018

Lateral expansion of floating vegetation mats over the surface of aquatic ecosystems (terrestrialization) is one of the ways of peatland development. This process was commonly studied in kettle-hole lakes, whereas karst ponds have received less attention. We used a suite of palaeoecological analyses at Karstovoe mire (Mordovia, Russia) to reconstruct the formation of a floating Sphagnum-dominated peat mat over the karst pond. The results show that the floating peat mat had covered the central part of the pond by ca. AD 1600. Remains of Scirpus sp. and Calamagrostis sp. in the basal layers indicate that these plants might form a framework on which Sphagnum mosses and sedges were established. The terrestrialization could be triggered by the ‘Medieval Warm Period’ (AD 950–1250) as droughts reduce water levels and allow the pioneering plants to colonize exposed bottom sediments on the margins of lakes. Later, the development of the mire was mainly driven by autogenic factors that could be explained by the relatively stable hydrological regime in freely floating or poorly attached vegetation mats. In the mid 19th century, the surface wetness of the mire started to decline that can be related to both increased human activity associated with fires and to a greater thickness of the mat so that autogenic and allogenic effects were difficult to disentangle. In less than a century after that, the fen transformed to a pioneer raised mire. Our results show complex and context-dependent effect of autogenic and allogenic factors on the development of floating peat mats.
Eradicating information poverty: An agenda for research
Authors: Marcella Rita , Chowdhury Gobinda
Published: October 2018

Information poverty remains a critical issue for societies today. The literature of information poverty is reviewed tracking its origins in library and information science and the various approaches that have been taken to tackling information poverty, including international development programmes such as the Global Libraries Initiative, working response to the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, the importance of access to health information and so on. The paper sets out themes that emerged in a roundtable discussion of library and information science academics in 2017. Discussion centred on: definitions of information poverty which reflect the wide variety of ways in which it is possible to be information poor; literacy and information literacy; the ways in which information can reduce poverty and disadvantage; library and information science initiatives to tackle information poverty; and information poverty in the context of social justice. The group agreed that there was a major piece of work to be done in reframing the library and information science discipline in terms of information poverty. Four key dimensions of information poverty for collaborative future research are: (1) information as an agent to eradicate poverty; (2) the causal factors resulting in information poverty; (3) creation and production activities to combat information poverty; and (4) better understanding of areas of extreme disadvantage and aspects of information need. A list of the key causal factors in creating information poverty which came out of the discussion is presented. Further research initiatives are underway for setting up a partnership/consortium that would lay the foundations for a multidisciplinary network on information poverty, sharing expertise internationally.
The Promise—and Challenge—of Statistical Learning for Elucidating Atypical Language Development
Authors: Arciuli Joanne , Conway Christopher M.
Published: October 2018

Statistical learning plays an important role in the acquisition of spoken and written language. It has been proposed that impaired or atypical statistical learning may be linked with language difficulties in developmental disabilities. However, research on statistical learning in individuals with developmental disabilities such as autism spectrum disorder, dyslexia, and specific language impairment, and in individuals with cochlear implants, has produced divergent findings. It is unclear whether, and to what extent, statistical learning is impaired or atypical in each of these developmental disabilities. We suggest that these disparate findings point to several critical issues that must be addressed before we can evaluate the role of statistical learning in atypical child development. While the issues we outline are interrelated, we propose four key points relating to (a) the nature of statistical learning, (b) the myriad of ways in which statistical learning can be measured, (c) our lack of understanding regarding the developmental trajectory of statistical learning, and (d) the role of individual differences. We close by making suggestions that we believe will be helpful in moving the field forward and creating new synergies among researchers, clinicians, and educators to better support language learners.
Performance improvement of temperature compensation in near infrared analysis of orange sweetness by applying direct standardization
Authors: Ngowsuwan K , Thanapatay D , Kasemsumran S
Published: October 2018

Near infrared spectroscopy is a non-destructive technique used for measuring and analyzing chemical compositions in an organic sample. The calibration equation and spectrum are used for calculating the prediction result. In this case, the spectrum provides very important data; therefore, the accuracy of the near infrared prediction system depends on the sample preparation because the spectrum is sensitive to physical property conditions such as sample temperature. When the sample temperature has changed, the absorption peak will be shifted nonlinearly in both the absorption value and wavelengths around 840 nm and 940 nm (in the short regions). Consequently, if applying a calibration model developed from spectra of a constant sample temperature by using a linear multivariate data analysis to predict the samples with different temperature conditions, the average of difference between actual values and predicted values (bias) will occur. Therefore, the objective of this research was to develop a spectra temperature compensation method namely the temperature compensation coefficient method by applying direct standardization algorithm. By the use of temperature compensation coefficient, the temperature effect can be solved and the accurate prediction results can be obtained. Moreover, the performance of temperature compensation coefficient was investigated and compared with the fixed temperature and three compensation methods, such as generalized least squares weighting, external parameter orthogonalization, and global calibration. The results indicated that temperature compensation coefficient method and the global calibration gave the best result with high accuracy of the lowest bias at 95% confident level.