bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Damage to sugar beets by cercosporosis and gray rot, depending on the characteristics of fertilization
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Hospodarenko H. М. , Martyniuk A. T. , Kravets I. S.
Published: June 2021

The results of field and laboratory research on podzolized heavy loam chernozem of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine to study the effect of various fertilization systems on the infestation of sugar beet by cercosporosis and gray rot are presented. It has been found that changes in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrition have a different effect on the development of diseases. The semi-rotted cattle manure on straw bedding and mineral fertilizers in the form of aqueous ammonia, ammonium nitrate, granular superphosphate, mixed potassium salt, potassium chloride, ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer grade A and liquid complex fertilizers of grade 10–34–0 were used in the experiment. The rate of manure is 40 t/ha, the rate of mineral fertilizers – N120Р120К120. Fertilizers were applied in August during fall plowing, as well as in late autumn at the end of October, together with the soil subsurface loosening to a depth of 14–16 cm, and in spring – for presowing cultivation. The degree of the leaf apparatus damage by cercosporosis and the intensity of the disease development were determined. The resistance of root crops to gray rot was determined by a microbiological method. For this, cuttings from root crops were placed in Petri dishes with a provocative background of a pure culture of the fungus Botritis cinerea Pers. The conducted studies have established that, depending on the types, forms and timing of mineral fertilizers against the background of manure, the degree of the leaf apparatus infestation of beets with sugar cercosporosis varies from 24 to 48 % and increases both for insufficient and unbalanced phosphorus nutrition. At the same time, the improvement of nitrogen nutrition, especially with the late autumn application of aqueous ammonia, compared with its introduction for the August plowing, contributes to an increase in the degree of stability of the leaf apparatus of sugar beet to cercosporosis from 46.6 to 60.0 %. Improving the mineral nutrition of plants through the use of fertilizers helps to increase the resistance of root crops to decay. At the same time, depending on the fertilizer application system, the degree of stability compared to the control without fertilizers increases by 8.5–38.9 %. This was especially effectively promoted by the improvement of phosphorus nutrition of plants. A high correlation dependence was established between the damage of leaf apparatus of sugar beet by cercosporosis and the formation of a rotten mass of root crops (r = 0.85).
The economically and valuable feature of selection number of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the condition of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Makarchuk M. A.
Published: June 2021

Chickpeas are a valuable legume and drought-resistant crop. In conditions of climate change, it ensures the formation of a sufficiently high yield, which increases the interest of agricultural producers in growing crops. However, the presence of genetically determined plant protection (pubescence of plants and pod, which contain oxalic, malic and citric acids) from some pests makes it possible to grow environmentally friendly products, which consequently reduces the need to use plant protection chemicals. Field experiments were carried out on the experimental field of the Uman National University of Horticulture in the soil and climatic conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe. To determine the selection value of collection varieties samples of domestic selection were grown. It should be noted that plants react significantly to extreme conditions (temperature and amount of precipitation) of cultivation precisely in the period from gathering to flowering. It is during this period of time that excess moisture leads to shedding of flowers and, as a result, to a decrease in yield. The meteorological conditions for growing crops, which are expressed in the duration of both the growing season as a whole and its individual phases, have a significant effect on the length of the growing season. And so, according to our data, it was revealed that the difference in the duration of the growing season of the studied selection samples in comparison with the standard was small and ranged from 3 to 5 days. The main indicator of adaptability to mechanized harvesting is the attachment height of the lower pod. It depends on the height of the plant itself and the shape of the bush that the culture forms. On the basis of average, it was revealed that the studied selection samples belong to tall plants, while the indicator of the attachment height of the lower pod, the Triumph standard had a high attachment of pod, two samples – moderate, which indicates the possibility of mechanized harvesting, while samples 230 and 210 – low. As a result of comparison of the obtained data on the yield of selection samples, their significant reaction to the growing conditions was revealed. Analysis of the average data helps to specify that the highest yield in the conditions of both 2019 and 2020 was provided by selection samples 180 (morphotype desi), while the lowest yield, but also within the standard, was found in sample 160 (morphotype gulabi)
Allelopathy of vegetable residues on the sowing properties of soft winter wheat grain
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Liubych V. V. , Hospodarenko H. M.
Published: June 2021

Aim. To study the allelopathy of vegetable residues on sowing properties of soft wheat grain. Methods. Laboratory, mathematical and statistical, physical. Results. The highest germination energy was obtained in the variant with water, corn and wheat stalks – 100%, percentage germination was 95%. Under conditions of germination in rye, rape and oat stalks, percentage germination was 15–30 % points lower compared to the control. Germination of soft wheat grain in the stalks of other crops provided percentage germination of 15–50 %. Obviously, soybeans, sunflowers, mustard, peas, barley, flax, safflower, buckwheat and sorghum show high allelopathy during the germination of soft wheat grain. The highest seedling vigor was obtained during germination in water and in corn stalks – 50 %. This figure in wheat and rye stalks was 33 and 28 %, respectively, or 17–22 points lower than the control. During the germination of soft wheat grain in the stalks of other crops, the seedling vigor was the lowest – 8–22 %. The average germination rate varied inversely proportional to seedling vigor. On average, wheat grain in corn stalks germinated for 29 minutes which was at the control level. During germination in wheat and rye stalks, it grew for up to 43–58 minutes. During germination in the stalks of other crops, the average speed increased to 72–288 minutes. Different germination substrates changed the parameters of soft wheat stalks. This indicator was at the level of control over grain germination in rye and corn stalks – 9.2–9.3 cm with fluctuations from 8.1 to 10.3–10.4 cm, and the variation coefficient was small (V = 12.0–12.5 %). The stalk length was significantly shorter during germination in wheat stalks, but the variation coefficient was insignificant (V = 5.2 %). During germination in the stalks of other crops, the stalk length decreased from 7.3 to 0.6 cm. Coclusions. Germination of wheat grain in corn and wheat stalks did not affect the deterioration of germination. The lowest allelopathy was shown by grain germination in rye stalks. The highest allelopathy was shown by germination in soybean and sunflower stalks. Crops, according to the influence on the length of soft wheat stalk, are arranged in the following order: sunflower, buckwheat, sorghum, safflower, soybean, mustard, flax, oats, rape, barley, peas, wheat. Grain germination in corn and rye stalks did not affect the length of soft wheat stalks
Reconstruction and greening of general educational institutions
Authors: Strelchuk L. , Omelianova V.
Published: June 2021

The problem of landscaping of schools today is quite acute, as greenery around educational institutions serve a functional purpose: sanitary - hygienic, protective, architectural – artistic, fire, recreational, educational. They reduce dust and air content of chemicals, noise levels, improve the microclimate of areas and premises, enrich the air with oxygen, phytoncides and light ions, soften the radiation and thermal regime, and have antibacterial properties. But, unfortunately, on the territory of most secondary schools green plantations were formed mostly spontaneously, which have now lost their purpose and need reconstruction, renovation, optimization taking into account the environmental conditions of the area around the school. Therefore, the project of reconstruction and landscaping of the secondary school №46 was just in time. The research was conducted during 2020–2021, as a result of which the climatic features, the current state of green areas of the educational institution were established, and also woody, bushy and flowering plants that are currently in satisfactory condition were identified, such as: ash-leaved maple (American) (Acer negundo L.), common lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.), scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), common rosehip (Rosa canina L.), european forsythia (Forsythia europaea Vahl.), yucca plant (Yucca filamentosa L.) and yellow daylily (Hemerocallis flava L.), privet (Ligustrum vulgare L.). However, their condition today remains unsatisfactory, so they need reconstruction and restoration, as well as sanitary pruning and topiary. Taking into account all factors, as well as taking into account the available range of plants for landscaping new school areas, and for the reconstruction of existing ones, we have identified, selected and recommended the following species range of plants: Hydrangea arborescens (Hydrangea arborescens L.), Thunberg's barberry (Berberis thunbergii L.), Vinca minor (Vinca major L.), Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.). Using just such a species composition and following the above recommendations, you can completely restore the green areas of the school, as well as create new, more modern forms of landscaping of secondary schools
Breeding of early-maturing inbred maize lines within the collection gene pool of Ukraine
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Kotsiuba S.
Published: June 2021

The results of the study of inbred lines of corn on the basis of economically valuable features, such as: growing season, productivity, moisture yield. To distribute our maize material by precocity, a number of studies were conducted, namely: estimating the length of the growing season "shoots-full ripeness", which was determined in days, and a very important indicator-grain moisture at harvest as a percentage, it allowed to distribute two groups: early-maturing – (106–114) and middle-early – 114–123 days. Over the years of testing, the weather conditions varied considerably, which made it possible to evaluate the material under study in detail. In 2020, the growing season in the early-maturing group of lines was within 104.0 days, which is almost five days less in 2019. This trend was also observed for the group of middle-early lines. At the same time, the longer vegetation period was in 2019. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the rate of moisture yield of corn grain of the studied lines of different maturity groups. The conducted researches allowed to trace the dynamics of grain moisture yield of corn lines of different maturity groups, to determine the variability of grain moisture of hybrids in different periods of grain maturation. 2019 was more favorable for growing corn, the plants formed a large vegetative mass, but the grain had a high humidity during the harvest period. This is due to a significant amount of precipitation (46.0 mm) in September 2019. Lines that had high harvest humidity were characterized by a long growing season, such as Um 337 and VIR 44. The group of the most productive included lines Um 337, Um 331, F7 and line MAN 053, which were ahead. The following year, Mind 337 and Mind 331 as a whole confirmed their positions, while F7 and MAN 053 yielded significantly lower yields.
The level of manifestation and variation of biometric indicators of spring barley samples of collection of Uman national university of horticulture
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Novak Zh. M.
Published: June 2021

Different weather conditions provide unequal growth and development of plants, in addition, biotypes react differently to changes in external environmental factors. Scientists from Ukraine and other countries analyze varieties and samples of spring barley for the purpose of determine donors of useful traits in different soil and climatic conditions. For the purpose of combine a number of useful traits in one genotype, hybridization between geographically distant biotypes is used. Uman National University of Horticulture has a collection of spring barley samples by different geographic origin. The analyze of breeding material by biometric traits, which will allow us to determine the level of manifestation of each of them in different conditions of 2018–2020 and to determine the donors of useful traits for the further breeding process, was carried out. The weather conditions of the years of research were very different. 2018 was the most unfavorable year for early spring crops. The reason for this was the presence of snow cover until the end of March. After that were strong heat and lack of precipitation. 2019 and 2020 were more favorable for spring barley due to the long cool spring. In addition, in 2020, May and June characterized by increased rainfall. The average plant height of the studied biotypes ranged from 50 to 64 cm. Most samples had the lowest plant height 40–57 cm in 2018, and the highest – in 2020 – from 54 to 88 cm. The average spike length of the analyzed samples was 5.9–8.1 cm. There was not dependence between conditions of the research year and spike length. The number of spikelets per spike was naturally determined by the research conditions. The lowest indicators were observed in 2018 — from 7.0 to 12.0 units, while in 2019 — 16.6–23.9 units, and in 2020 — 20.2–27.7 units. The variation of plant height of the analyzed samples was medium and significant with coefficients from 13.7 to 32.6 %. There was a slight, medium and significant variation of the length of the ear (V = 2.9–23.6 %). The index of number of spikelets per spike most varied — the coefficients of variation were 32.6–55.5 %.
Enrichment of the triticale gene pool by intraspecific hybridization
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Diordieva I. P. , Ryabovol L. O. , Ryabovol Ya. S. , Golubenko O. V.
Published: June 2021

The aim of the research was to expand the genetic diversity of winter triticale samples by intraspecific hybridization and to obtain new valuable forms for their involvement in the selection process of creating high-yielding cultivars. The research was conducted during 2013–2020 at the sites of the Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology of Uman National University of Horticulture, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. As initial material for hybridization was used samples of hexaploid triticale of own breeding and varieties Rozivska 6, Ladne, Khlibodar Kharkivsky, Beta, Alkid, Souvenir, Raritet; octaploid triticale samples UA0602463 and UA0601654. Hybrid offspring were analyzed for morphological and economically valuable traits, including plant height, lodging resistance, ear length, grain weight from the main ear and 1000 grains, protein and gluten content in the grain and its quality indicators, yield, etc. In the studies used a systematic method of site placement. The rooms were arranged in blocks with a plant density of 400 thousand units/ha four times. In the course of researches hybridization of hexaploid forms of triticale of different ecological and geographical origin among themselves, and also hybridization of octaploid forms with hexaploid was carried out. In F2 populations, individual-family selection of low-stem forms with high ear grain was performed. In the absence of low-stem forms in the area of F2 hybrids, ear productivity was selected, and the population was transferred to a hybridization nursery for crossing plants with donors of low-stem genes. As a result of the conducted researches 23 highly productive forms of winter triticale were obtained, in particular, two dwarf samples (h = 58 cm), four – short-stemmed (h = 60–80 cm), one – early-ripening (vegetation period 285 days), nine – with high ear productivity. Sample 63 was selected, which significantly exceeded the group standard in terms of yield (7.01 t/ha), protein content (12.2 %) and gluten of the first quality group (25.4 %).
Pirandello: a theory and practice of «humorism»
Authors: Andreev M. L.
Published: June 2021

What defines the special character of Pirandello's works is the fact that he creates his own literary movement, which draws on the duality of theoretical and practical aspects. His own practice led Pirandello to the creation of a theory (‘humorism') that declares analytical dismantling of reality to be the ultimate goal of literature in order to depict the world as a series of illusions devoid of a unifying central idea. Guided by this postulate, Pirandello was close to deconstruction of the tools he used, namely the novel and the play. His reimagining of the novel was less radical: the revision of this form remained incomplete. His reforms of playwriting principles were more advanced, as Pirandello problematised and rejected traditional oppositions — primarily, the opposition of art to reality. In The Mountain Giants [I giganti della montagna], his final and unfinished play, Pirandello attempted to create a myth about art as a medium between the material and the ideal, but, confined to the rules of ‘humorism', he remained trapped by this contradiction.
Pound, E. (2019). Cathay. A critical edition. Ed. by T. Billings. New York: Fordham U. P.
Authors: Polovinkina O. I.
Published: June 2021

The new edition of E. Pound's poetic collection Cathay, first published in 1915, shows the idea of world literature to be as real as it is problematic. Thanks to T. Billings, the editor behind the publication, the book offers the most exhaustive description of the process whereby the translations were created: it involved not only Pound and Fenollosa, but also K. Mori and N. Ariga, who represent the Japanese tradition of reading classical Chinese poetry. The volume contains almost all of Pound's Chinese translations produced in the 1910s, his essay ‘Chinese Poetry,' as well as an impressive scholarly corpus: articles on the significance of these translations in the era of close relations between China and the West, extracts from Fenollosa's notebooks deciphered by Billings, and the original Chinese poems, each supplied with comments. The reconstruction of the process by which word-for-word translations were created puts Pound's translation effort into a new perspective.
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Patient with Graft Versus-Host Disease Following Allogenic Bone Marrow Transplantation: A Case Report during Mutant COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ben Salah Khaled Saleh , Ben Salah Khaled Saleh , A Elturki Abdulfattah , Swaisi Yuossef , Emaetig Fatma M. , A. Elfagieh Mohamed , K. Abdulmalik Firas , O. Howayw Yaser , Harrama Mohamed A. , Elshagmani Eltaher , ElMahjoubi Ebrahim H. , Agwae Matthew E. , Nikolopoulou Eleni , Zaggut Abdulhakim W
Published: June 2021

Aplastic anaemia is a severe haematological disorder characterized by an inadequate number of hematopoietic stem cells, resulting in pancytopenia, formed by a hypocellular bone marrow. Disorders of this nature are widely treated with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). A potential chronic complication following (HSCT) is the growth of secondary malignancies. Notably, patients suffering from chronic graft versus host disease (cGvHD) secondary to HSCT have been shown to be more susceptible to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we present a rare case of a 30-year-old Libyan woman treated with HSCT for aplastic anaemia, with subsequent complications of cGvHD and OSCC after few months of HSCT. These carcinomatous lesions were detected in the buccal gingiva and retromolar pad area at the age of 31. The present case report emphasizes the connection between oral cGvHD and OSCC, and the potential appearance of OSCC after HSCT at any time of patient life. Thus, closer follow-up is mandatory for all patients treated with HSCT who developed cGvHD, and efficient cGvHD prevention and therapeutic approaches are needed.
Review on the ecophysiology of important Andean fruits: Solanaceae
Authors: Fischer Gerhard , Balaguera-López Helber Enrique , Magnitskiy Stanislav
Published: June 2021

The high Andean areas present ecophysiological conditions suitable for the cultivation of many fruit species, especially of the Solanaceae family. The objective of this review is to present important ecophysiological information on four fruit trees grown in cold climates: Cape gooseberry, tree tomato, lulo, and sweet cucumber o pear melon. The cape gooseberry is a species well adapted to cold tropical climate, it is grown between 1,800 and 2,700m a.s.l., with temperatures of 13 to 16°C. It is highly adapted to high solar radiation and to the abrupt changes between the day and night temperatures. It requires a precipitation of 1,000 to 1,800mm year-1 uniformly distributed throughout the year, and is sensitive to water deficit but also to waterlogging and strong winds. The tree tomato, in Colombia, produces better from 1,800 to 2,600m a.s.l., with temperatures between 13 and 20°C, annual rainfall between 1,500 and 2,000mm, relative humidity around 80%, and solar brightness of 1,800 to 2,300 hours/year; it does not resist strong winds, water deficit or waterlogging. The lulo requires environments with high precipitation (1,000 to 2,800mm) and penumbra because it loses a lot of water through transpiration but waterlogging also affects it; it grows well in areas between 1,600 to 2,400m a.s.l. and 16 to 24°C, with photosynthesis rates up to of 34.03µmol CO2 m-2 s-1. The sweet cucumber is of growing interest in many exotic fruit markets, it grows at 900-2,800m a.s.l. with temperatures <25°C and responds well to air enrichment with CO2.
THE EFFECT MIND MAPPING TECHNIQUE AND VOCABULARY MASTERY ON STUDENT’S WRITING SKILL
Authors: Megawati Megawati , Yuliwati Yuliwati , Harimurti Eka Rista
Published: June 2021

The purposes of this research is to know the effect mind mapping technique and vocabulary mastery on students’writing skill. Also how the implementation mind mapping technique on students’writing skill. Students need vocabulary mastery to arrange the sentences for getting a good paragraph and mind mapping technique is one of the technique that use to treat students for getting writing well. This research use experiments method. There were 40 students chosen at random from fourth grade semester English Education at STKIP Kusuma Negara Jakarta.Collecting data use test writing skill. Research of instrument has tested and tried by the validity and reliability test used the SPSS (Statistic Program Social Science). Data analyzed by using kolmogorv Smirov, know data was normality.The text analysis is to test the data homogeneity  by using Levenu’s test, to see if the population was derived from homogeneous population. The result of this research concluded  that 1) Using Mind Mapping Technique has significant effect on student’s writing skill. Result  F for mind mapping (A) Fo=290.285 and sig.= 0.000<0.05, then the conclusion is that there is significant effect between mind mapping technique  (X1) on student’s writing skills. 2). Vocabulary mastery gave the significant effect to the student’s writing skill. Result research F for vocabulary mastery (B) Fo=91.401 and sig.= 0.000<0.05. It has shown that there is significant effect vocabulary mastery (X2) on student’s writing skills. 3) There is significant effect interaction between mind mapping and vocabulary mastery on student’s writing skill. Result of this research F from mind mapping (A) and vocabulary (B) Fo=5.274 and sig.=0.028<0.05. Using mind mapping technique in learning give effect in students’writing skill. Students who have rich vocabulary mastery can get good writing English.Keywords: Podcasts, Promote, Speaking, Online Learning
Wie lässt sich der Einfluss des Wählers auf die Regierungsbildung steigern?
Authors: Jesse Eckhard
Published: June 2021

Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland ist eine Koalitionsdemokratie. Mittlerweile legen sich die Parteien vor einer Wahl immer weniger fest, mit wem sie nach der Wahl eine Koalition einzugehen wünschen. Der Beitrag analysiert einen Aspekt, dem eine beträchtliche Relevanz zukommt: Wie lässt sich der Einfluss des Wählers auf die Regierungsbildung steigern? Beim Prämienwahlsystem wüsste der Wähler, welche Koalitionen in Frage kommen. Allerdings ist dessen Einführung unwahrscheinlich.
Gesellschaftlicher Zusammenhalt und Rechtspopulismus: Theorien und empirische Befunde
Authors: Lengfeld Holger , Pickel Gert , Fritsche Immo , Decker Oliver , Hoppe Annedore , Yendell Alexander
Published: June 2021

Der Beitrag erörtert den Zusammenhang von Rechtspopulismus und gesellschaftlichem Zusammenhalt. Es wird das Verhältnis von Rechtspopulismus und Rechtsradikalismus dargelegt und Befunde der soziologischen und sozialpsychologischen Forschung über Persönlichkeit, Identität, Wahlverhalten und religiöse Bedrohungsgefühle präsentiert.
Soziale Marktwirtschaft im Wandel der Zeit
Authors: Föste Wilga
Published: June 2021

Über 70 Jahre ist es her, dass die Soziale Marktwirtschaft in Deutschland eingeführt wurde. Sie wurde zum Inbegriff des Deutschen Wirtschaftswunders und zu einem Konsensmodell in der Gesellschaft. Ihre wirtschaftspolitische Anwendung begann nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg – seither unterliegt sie einem ständigen Wandel.
Mächtige Gefühle von A bis Z
Authors: Scholtyseck Joachim
Published: June 2021

Kritische Anmerkungen zu Ute Frevert, Mächtige Gefühle von A wie Angst bis Z wie Zuneigung - Deutsche Geschichte seit 1900.
Effects of progressive muscle relaxation therapy with home exercise on pain, fatigue, and stress in subjects with fibromyalgia syndrome: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yoo Seoung-A. , Kim Chang-Yong , Kim Hyeong-Dong , Kim Suhng-Wook
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia is accompanied by symptoms of fatigue, depression, sleep disorders, and physical and mental stress [1]. It is a difficult-to-treat disorder because its exact causes are unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy (PMRT) on pain, fatigue, and stress in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (age: 20–65 years) were randomly allocated to the PMRT group (n1= 18, 2 men and 16 women) or non-PMRT group (n2= 19, 2 men and 17 women). The PMRT group received PMRT twice a week for 8 weeks and the non-PMRT group received conventional physical therapies such as electro-stimulation and heat therapies during this period. The outcome was evaluated before and after 8 week sofintervention using the Visual Analogue Scale, Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue, Perceived Stress Scale, and measurement of the blood pressure and pulse rate. RESULTS: Pain and fatigue significantly decreased in the PMRT group compared with the non-PMRT group (both P< 0.001). In addition, perceived stress (P< 0.001), systolic blood pressure (P< 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P< 0.05), and pulse rate (P< 0.001) significantly decreased in the PMRT group compared with the non-PMRT group. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that progressive muscle relaxation therapy is a viable rehabilitative therapy for pain, fatigue, and stress symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome.
The effect of brace treatment on pulmonary functions in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: An 8-month follow-up study
Authors: Yurt Yasin , Yatar İlker , Malkoç Mehtap , Yakut Yavuz , Mıhçıoğlu Serpil , Koltak Cansu
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: The instant effect of a brace on pulmonary functions of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is known. However, the permanent effects of its regular use are still unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether a brace in patients with AIS had a permanent effect on respiratory functions. METHODS: Fifteen patients with a mean age of 13.2 ± 1.6 years, and a major Cobb angle of 25.8∘± 7.7∘ participated in this study. Lung volumes and respiratory muscle strength were measured with and without thoracolumbosacral brace, at the end of first month and follow-up period after the patients started using the brace for 23 hours daily. RESULTS: When the brace was on, the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), ratio of FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow, and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity values were found to be lower at both first month and follow-up. After the follow-up, the measurement results did not differ from the results of the first month. CONCLUSIONS: The brace had a momentary restrictive effect on patients with AIS. However, it did not cause a permanent change in pulmonary functions after the 8-month follow-up.
Effectiveness of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program in real-world patients with chronic back pain: A pilot cohort data analysis
Authors: You Dokyoung S. , Ziadni Maisa S. , Cooley Corinne E. , Talavera David C. , Mackey Sean C. , Poupore-King Heather
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND : Randomized clinical trials (RCT) suggest a multidisciplinary approach to pain rehabilitation is superior to other active treatments in improving pain intensity, function, disability, and pain interference for patients with chronic pain, with small effect size (ds= 0.20–0.36) but its effectiveness remains unknown in real-world practice. OBJECTIVE: The current study examined the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary program to a cognitive and behavioral therapy (pain-CBT) in real-world patients with chronic back pain. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients (M𝑎𝑔𝑒= 57.6, 82.1% Female) completed a multidisciplinary program that included pain psychology and physical therapy. Eighteen patients (M𝑎𝑔𝑒= 58.9, 77.8% Female) completed a CBT-alone program. Using a learning healthcare system, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, 0–10 Numerical Pain Rating Scale, and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® measures were administered before and after the programs. RESULTS: We found significant improvement in mobility and pain behavior only after a multidisciplinary program (p’s < 0.031; d= 0.69 and 0.55). We also found significant improvement in pain interference, fatigue, depression, anxiety, social role satisfaction, and pain catastrophizing after pain-CBT or multidisciplinary programs (p’s < 0.037; ds = 0.29–0.73). Pain ratings were not significantly changed by either program (p’s > 0.207). CONCLUSIONS: The effect of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program observed in RCT would be generalizable to real-world practice.
A Regional Review of Genetic Resource Access and Benefit Sharing – Key Issues and Research Gaps
Authors: Morrison Clare , Humphries Fran , Lawson Charles
Published: June 2021

Countries are increasingly using access and benefit sharing (ABS) as a legal mechanism to support the conservation and sustainable use of the world’s biological diversity. ABS regulates collection and/or use of genetic resources/traditional knowledge and sharing benefits from their use with the provider. The purpose of this review is to assess the trends, biases and gaps of ABS literature using a regional comparative approach about the key topics of concern between each region. It analyses four key topic groupings: (1) implementation of international, regional and national ABS policy and law; (2) intellectual property and ABS; (3) traditional knowledge; and (4) research, development and commercialisation. Findings included gaps in: (1) analysing effectiveness of national level implementation; (2) addressing apparent conflicts between support for intellectual property promoting exclusivity for traditional knowledge and challenges to intellectual property exclusivity for patents; (3) examining traditional knowledge of local communities (in contrast to Indigenous Peoples); and (4) lack of practical examples that quantify benefit sharing from research and commercialisation outcomes. We conclude that future research addressing the identified gaps and biases can promote more informed understanding among stakeholders about the ABS concept and whether it is capable of delivering concrete biological conservation, sustainable use and equity outcomes.
Blood microbiota composition in Iranian pre-diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients1
Authors: Ghaemi Farahnaz , Fateh Abolfazl , Sepahy Abbas Akhavan , Zangeneh Mehrangiz , Ghanei Mostafa , Siadat Seyed Davar
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes as the most prevalent metabolic disorder, is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies suggest that body microbiota may play a role in developing metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes. The objective of the present study was to investigate the blood microbiota composition in Iranian pre-diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients compared to healthy individuals. METHODS: Blood samples were taken after 12-h fasting from 90 participants, 30 healthy individuals, 30 type 2 diabetes patients and 30 pre-diabetic participants. The buffy coat layer separated by centrifugation at 800 and DNA was extracted using a column-based method. Composition and load of blood microbiota was evaluated by real-time PCR method using genus specific 16S rRNA primers. RESULTS: The load of Akkermansia, and Faecalibacterium was higher in normal volunteers compared to pre-diabetic and type 2 diabetes group (p< 0.05). The load of Bifidobacterium was higher in normal volunteers compared to type 2 diabetes patients (p= 0.02). In contrast, the load of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli was higher in pre-diabetics and type 2 diabetes patients compared to normal volunteers (p< 0.05). The load of Bacteroides fragilis was not statistically different between studied groups but it was higher in males compared to female group (p= 0.04). the load of other bacteria was not significantly different between male and female participants. CONCLUSION: There is difference between microbiota composition in white blood cells of pre-diabetic and type 2 diabetes patients compared to healthy people. Determination of blood microbiota pattern may have a role in diagnosis and preventive of type 2 diabetes in a certain population. For more clarification about correlation between blood microbiota and type 2 diabetes, larger studies with more participants in different ethnical populations is suggested.
Producing deflective online strategies: Lessons from New Zealand women’s management of social media engagement
Authors: Bickerton Sarah Hendrica , Löfgren Karl
Published: June 2021

Public engagement is a gendered experience, whether offline or online, something which is reflected in women’s experiences of social media. In this article, we seek to systematically explore the experiences from politically engaged women Twitter users in New Zealand in order to draw some lessons, through a thematic and interpretative analytical approach, at four different strategic levels on how to deflect intimidating and aggressive behaviour. We conclude that understanding strategically how structural social locations like gender effect the ability to contribute to political participation and engagement, if addressed, can produce more inclusive and productive online political and policy spaces. Further, this strategic approach involves connecting together different levels of response to online negativity such as platform tools, space-curation, and monitoring, having these made coherent with each other, as well as with this strategic understanding of how structural social location plays into access and use of online political and policy spaces.
Electronic petitioning as online collective action: Examining the e-petitioning behavior of an extremist group in we the people
Authors: Dumas Catherine L.
Published: June 2021

This study aims to reveal patterns of e-petition co-signing behavior that are indicative of the mobilization of online “communities” engaging in collective action to express policy preferences on We the People (WtP), the first web-enabled US government petitioning system initiated by Obama. This Internet-based tool allowed users to petition the Obama Administration and solicit support for policy suggestions. Using petition data from WtP, this case study examines a set of 125 petitions that were created by individuals that are associated with a white supremacist group called The White Genocide Project (The White Genocide Project has recently changed their name to Fight White Genocide). Using data mining techniques, namely market basket analysis and social network analysis, I found evidence of the mobilization of “communities” of an extremist group of white supremacists who systematically and strategically used the WtP platform to broadcast their message by creating and co-signing petitions every month for almost four years.
Potential Novel Genes for Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease in East-Asian Descent Identified by APOE-Stratified Genome-Wide Association Study
Authors: Kang Sarang , Gim Jungsoo , Lee Jiwoon , Gunasekaran Tamil Iniyan , Choi Kyu Yeong , Lee Jang Jae , Seo Eun Hyun , Ko Pan-Woo , Chung Ji Yeon , Choi Seong-Min , Lee Young Min , Jeong Jee Hyang , Park Kyung Won , Song Min Kyung , Lee Ho-Won , Kim Ki Woong , Choi Seong Hye , Lee Dong Young , Kim Sang Yun , Kim Hoowon , Kim Byeong C. , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Lee Kun Ho
Published: June 2021

The present study reports two novel genome-wide significant loci for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) identified from APOE ε4 non-carrier subjects of East Asian origin. A genome-wide association study of Alzheimer’s disease was performed in 2,291 Korean seniors in the discovery phase, from the Gwangju Alzheimer’ and Related Dementias (GARD) cohort study. The study was replicated in a Japanese cohort of 1,956 subjects that suggested two novel susceptible SNPs in two genes: LRIG1 and CACNA1A. This study demonstrates that the discovery of AD-associated variants is feasible in non-European ethnic groups using samples comprising fewer subjects from the more homogeneous genetic background.
The Combination of Metabolic Posterior Cingulate Cortical Abnormalities and Structural Asymmetries Improves the Differential Diagnosis Between Primary Progressive Aphasia and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Mitolo Micaela , Stanzani-Maserati Michelangelo , Manners David N. , Capellari Sabina , Testa Claudia , Talozzi Lia , Poda Roberto , Oppi Federico , Evangelisti Stefania , Gramegna Laura L. , Magarelli Silvia , Pantieri Roberta , Liguori Rocco , Lodi Raffaele , Tonon Caterina
Published: June 2021

Differential diagnosis between primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) could be difficult if based on clinical grounds alone. We evaluated the combination of proton MR spectroscopy of posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and quantitative structural imaging asymmetries to differentiate PPA from AD patients. A greater left-lateralized temporo-parietal atrophy (higher accuracy for the PCC, 81.4%) and metabolic neurodegenerative changes in PCC (accuracy 76.8%) was demonstrated in PPA versus AD. The combined multiparametric approach increased the accuracy to 94%in the differential diagnosis between these two neurodegenerative diseases.
Does Rural Living in Early Life Increase the Risk for Reduced Cognitive Functioning in Later Life?
Authors: Herd Pamela , Sicinski Kamil , Asthana Sanjay
Published: June 2021

Background: There is a robust consensus, most recently articulated in the 2020 Lancet Commission, that the roots of dementia can be traced to early life, and that the path to prevention may start there as well. Indeed, a growing body of research demonstrates that early life disadvantage may influence the risk for later life dementia and cognitive decline. A still understudied risk, however, is early life rural residence, a plausible pathway given related economic and educational disadvantages, as well as associations between later life rural living and lower levels of cognitive functioning. Objective: We aim to examine whether living in rural environments during early life has long term implications for cognitive health in later life. Methods: We employed the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, which tracked 1 in every 3 high school graduates from the class of 1957, from infancy to ∼age 72. The data include a rich array of prospectively collected early life data, unique among existing studies, as well as later life measures of cognitive functioning. Results: We found a robust relationship between early life rural residence, especially living on a farm, and long-term risk for reduced cognitive performance on recall and fluency tasks. Controls for adolescent cognitive functioning, APOE ɛ2 and APOE ɛ4, as well as childhood and adult factors, ranging from early life socioeconomic conditions to later life health and rural and farm residency, did not alter the findings. Conclusion: Rural living in early life is an independent risk for lower levels of cognitive functioning in later life.
Blockage of Fc Gamma Receptors Alleviates Neuronal and Microglial Toxicity Induced by Palmitic Acid
Authors: Phitthayaphong Phansa , Kumfu Sirinart , Chattipakorn Nipon , Chattipakorn Siriporn C.
Published: June 2021

Background: Palmitic acid (PA) promotes brain pathologies including Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related proteins, neuroinflammation, and microglial activation. The activation of neurons and microglia via their Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) results in producing inflammatory cytokines. Objective: To investigate the expression of FcγRs, FcγR signaling proteins, AD-related proteins, proinflammatory cytokines, and cell viability of neurons and microglia in association with PA exposure as well as the effects of FcγR blockade on these parameters in response to PA. Methods: 200 and 400μM PA-conjugated BSA were applied to SH-SY5Y and HMC3 cells for 24 h. For FcγR blockage experiment, both cells were exposed to FcγR blocker before receiving of 200 and 400μM of PA-conjugated BSA for 24 h. Results: PA significantly increased AD-related proteins, including Aβ and BACE1, as well as increasing TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 in SH-SY5Y and HMC3 cells. However, the p-Tau/Tau ratio was only increased in SH-SY5Y cells. These results were associated with an increase in FcγRs activation and a decrease in cell viability in both cell types. FcγRs blockage diminished the activation of FcγR in SH-SY5Y and HMC3 cells. Interestingly, blocking FcγRs before PA exposure reduced the increment of AD-related proteins, proinflammatory cytokines caused by PA. FcγRs blocking also inhibits cell death for 23%of SH-SY5Y cells and 64%of HMC3 cells, respectively. Conclusion: These findings suggest that PA is a risk factor for AD via the increased AD-related pathologies, inflammation, FcγRs activation, and brain cell death, while FcγR blockage can alleviate these effects.
Porphyromonas gingivalis (W83) Infection Induces Alzheimer’s Disease-Like Pathophysiology in Obese and Diabetic Mice
Authors: Bahar Bojlul , Kanagasingam Shalini , Tambuwala Murtaza M. , Aljabali Alaa A.A. , Dillon Stephanie A. , Doaei Saeid , Welbury Richard , Chukkapalli Sasanka S. , Singhrao Sim K.
Published: June 2021

Background: Periodontal disease(s) and metabolic illnesses negatively impact the quality of life and, eventually mental health. Objective: This study investigated the effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis (W83) oral infection on the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiology in a wild-type obese, diabetic (db/db) mouse model. Methods: The db/db mice were either orally infected with P. gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum or sham infected for 16 weeks. The presence of amyloid-β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) were assessed using a silver impregnation technique and subsequently by immunohistochemistry for tau and neuroinflammation. The mRNA abundance of a panel of 184 genes was performed using quantitative real-time PCR, and the differentially expressed genes were analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Results: While no Aβ plaques and NFTs were evident by silver impregnation, immunohistochemistry (glial cell markers) of the P. gingivalis-infected mice tissue sections exhibited neuroinflammation in the form of reactive microglia and astrocytes. Anti-tau immunopositivity, in addition to cells, was prominent in thickened axons of hippocampal CA neurons. The mRNA abundance of crucial genes in the insulin signaling pathway (INSR, IGF1, IRS, IDE, PIK3R, SGK1, GYS, GSK3B, AKT1) were upregulated, potentially exacerbating insulin resistance in the brain by P. gingivalis oral infection. Increased mRNA abundance of several kinases, membrane receptors, transcription factors, and pro-inflammatory mediators indicated hyperactivation of intracellular cascades with potential for tau phosphorylation and Aβ release in the same infection group. Conclusion: P. gingivalis W83 infection of db/db mice provides a disease co-morbidity model with the potential to reproduce AD pathophysiology with induced periodontal disease.
Decreased Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Are Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xu Ling-Zhi , Li Fang-Yu , Li Bing-Qiu , Cao Shu-Man , Li Yan , Xu Jin , Jia Jian-Ping
Published: June 2021

Background: Alterations in levels of peripheral insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been reported in several studies, and results are inconsistent. Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between peripheral and cerebrospinal fluid IGF-1 levels and AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A systematic search in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library was conducted and 18 studies were included. Results: Results of random-effects meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference between AD patients and healthy control (17 studies; standard mean difference [SMD], –0.01; 95%CI, –0.35 to 0.32) and between MCI patients and healthy control (6 studies; SMD, –0.20; 95%CI, –0.52 to 0.13) in peripheral IGF-1 levels. Meta-regression analyses identified age difference might explain the heterogeneity (p = 0.017). However, peripheral IGF-1 levels were significantly decreased in AD subjects (9 studies; SMD, –0.44; 95%CI, –0.81 to –0.07) and MCI subjects exhibited a decreasing trend (4 studies; SMD, –0.31; 95%CI, –0.72 to 0.11) in studies with sample size≥80. Cerebrospinal fluid IGF-1 levels also significantly decreased in AD subjects (3 studies; SMD, –2.40; 95%CI, –4.36 to –0.43). Conclusion: These findings suggest that decreased peripheral and cerebrospinal fluid IGF-1 levels might be a potential marker for the cognitive decline and progression of AD.