bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inside Happiness Groups: Everyday Happiness, Self-Awareness, and Resistance
Authors: Shoshana Avihu
Published: March 2020

This article offers a phenomenological examination of happiness through ethnographies in self-help groups for happiness ( happiness groups). The ethnographies reveal three major happiness scenarios— increasing self-awareness, eliminating self-awareness, and the art of not being yourself—with the increasing self-awareness scenario revealed as the most prevalent of the three. The findings describe the toolkit accompanying each of the happiness scenarios (main discourses, self-concepts, definitions, characteristics of happiness, and practices for attaining happiness). The common features of the three happiness scenarios—a unique engagement in self-awareness and types of happiness—are discussed. Similarly discussed is the degree of correspondence between the participants’ resistance and recent findings regarding the dark side of happiness and the conditions by which the pursuit of happiness may lead to other, possibly undesirable results.
The seminar goes to work: Towards a theory of collaborative literacy
Authors: Smith Ann Kowal , Jaussen Capria , Nestor Karen R.
Published: March 2020

The research and practice are clear: the humanities develop empathy, sensibility, and other individual skills critical to successful employment. But, they also support the development of collective skills that empower productive teams and workplaces. This article explores the collective impact of narrative literature through the lens of an innovative workplace-based learning program. The program uses facilitated conversations about literature to invite colleagues at all levels to practice questioning assumptions, listening to different voices, and connecting to new ideas and to each other. Examining data from over 800 participants, the authors provide scholarly and practice-based evidence that literature discussions support otherwise elusive workplace dynamics. The results establish the link between shared human experience and workplace quality, as colleagues learn to be and work together. In addition, the concept of collaborative literacy that emerges from this study promises a new approach to learning in multiple non-traditional settings and in the academy itself.
Cyclic voltammetry behavior modeling of fabricated nanostructured Ni(OH)2 electrode using artificial neural network for supercapacitor application
Authors: Lokhande PE , Chavan US
Published: March 2020

In this article, we demonstrate the fabrication of binder-free nanostructured Ni(OH)2 electrode for supercapacitor by the chemical bath deposition method in addition to modeling of cyclic voltammetry using artificial neural network. The prepared material acted as binder-free electrode that facilitated increase in the capacitance value. The electrochemical study demonstrated the maximum specific capacitance of 958 F·g−1. Further, cyclic behavior of the prepared material was investigated by modeling via artificial neural network, which is based on the multilayer perception concept. It is observed that results obtained from artificial neural network analysis is analogous to the experimental value with an error rate of 0.14%.
Advancing Stem Cell Therapy for Repair of Damaged Lung Microvasculature in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Garbuzova-Davis Svitlana , Shell Robert , Mustafa Hilmi , Hailu Surafuale , Willing Alison E. , Sanberg Paul R. , Borlongan Cesario V.
Published: March 2020

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease of motor neuron degeneration in the brain and spinal cord. Progressive paralysis of the diaphragm and other respiratory muscles leading to respiratory dysfunction and failure is the most common cause of death in ALS patients. Respiratory impairment has also been shown in animal models of ALS. Vascular pathology is another recently recognized hallmark of ALS pathogenesis. Central nervous system (CNS) capillary damage is a shared disease element in ALS rodent models and ALS patients. Microvascular impairment outside of the CNS, such as in the lungs, may occur in ALS, triggering lung damage and affecting breathing function. Stem cell therapy is a promising treatment for ALS. However, this therapeutic strategy has primarily targeted rescue of degenerated motor neurons. We showed functional benefits from intravenous delivery of human bone marrow (hBM) stem cells on restoration of capillary integrity in the CNS of an superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mouse model of ALS. Due to the widespread distribution of transplanted cells via this route, administered cells may enter the lungs and effectively restore microvasculature in this respiratory organ. Here, we provided preliminary evidence of the potential role of microvasculature dysfunction in prompting lung damage and treatment approaches for repair of respiratory function in ALS. Our initial studies showed proof-of-principle that microvascular damage in ALS mice results in lung petechiae at the late stage of disease and that systemic transplantation of mainly hBM-derived endothelial progenitor cells shows potential to promote lung restoration via re-established vascular integrity. Our new understanding of previously underexplored lung competence in this disease may facilitate therapy targeting restoration of respiratory function in ALS.
Descriptive Overview of Primary Cleft Palate Surgeries in the Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Min Jung Gi , Khosla Rohit K. , Curtin Catherine
Published: March 2020

Objective:

To increase access to high-quality and multiregional databases in global epidemiology of cleft surgeries through partnership with an NGO.

Design:

The study retrospectively analyzes 34 801 primary palate surgeries in 70+ countries from the 2016 electronic health records of an non-governmental organization (NGO). The study also utilizes the Kids’ Inpatient Database to compare the epidemiology of primary cleft palate surgeries in the United States.

Participants:

Patient records of those undergoing primary cleft palate surgeries only.

Main Outcome Measures:

Region, age, sex, type of cleft, laterality of cleft.

Results:

Key findings show that average age of those receiving primary cleft palate surgery in the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) was 1.95 years. The distribution of males and females receiving surgery corresponds to the US national data. More hard cleft palates were on the left side (66.18%) than the right side (33.82%), independent of gender and region.

Conclusions:

Databases from an established NGO can be used to enhance our understanding of the disease characteristics in these regions. By increasing the information available regarding cleft surgeries in the LMIC, we hope to increase awareness of the similarities and differences in surgeries across various regions, as part of an effort to inform the goals set by Global Surgery 2030 initiative by the Lancet Commission.
Out-of-plane dynamic crushing behavior of joint-based hierarchical honeycombs
Authors: Tao Yong , Li Weiguo , Cheng Tianbao , Wang Zhonggang , Chen Liming , Pei Yongmao , Fang Daining
Published: March 2020

Hierarchical structures have been viewed as promising candidates to offer superior performance compared to regular structures. In this study, six hierarchical honeycombs are constructed by replacing each joint of regular hexagonal and square honeycombs in three different ways. Numerical simulations are performed to study the out-of-plane dynamic crushing behavior and energy absorption performance of these hierarchical honeycombs. The results show that the three ways of introducing structural hierarchy can enhance the plateau stress, crash load efficiency, and specific energy absorption of regular honeycombs. Moreover, hierarchical honeycomb constructed by replacing each joint of regular hexagonal honeycomb with a smaller circle has the highest energy absorption capacity. In addition, the optimal configurations for different hierarchical honeycombs are presented, and the region of optimal structural parameter for these hierarchical honeycombs is determined, which are useful for the selection and design of hierarchical honeycomb configuration with desirable energy absorption performance.
Life when renting for older Māori
Authors: Cram Fiona , Munro Morehu
Published: March 2020

The proportion of older Māori (55+ years) living in rental accommodation is set to rise as home ownership has become less attainable. To anticipate what the future of rental accommodation may hold for older Māori, 42 older Māori (18 men, 24 women) renters in the Hawke’s Bay region of Aotearoa New Zealand were asked about their experiences. Participants had moved to their current home to be closer to whānau (extended family, family group) or out of necessity, and their whānau had often helped them make the decision to move. Many participants who found paying their rent manageable or hard also struggled with other living costs. Most enjoyed a good relationship with their landlord or agent and wanted to stay living where they were. The findings suggest that older Māori renters will require more easing of their living costs, including pathways out of renting and into home ownership.
Paroxysm: The Problem of the Fist
Authors: Holmes Rachel
Published: March 2020

This article is about movement, documenting a researcher’s reading, seeing, and feeling with the flaring movements of a young child’s clenched fists as he punches the air in an early years’ classroom. Drawing on postqualitative inquiry and feminist new materialisms, the article aims to engage with a series of images to think otherwise about the fists, aiming to nudge the researcher’s gaze to attend to the unfolding affective forces of movement’s encounters and compositions that touch the structure of subjectivity. The first part of the article addresses the importance of returning to early years’ events to slow them down and open up spaces for not knowing so quickly what seems to unfold in/to the classroom. As an ongoing provocation of thought, I am interested in resisting the accelerated temporality of education by re-turning these images over and over, hovering over the surfaces of histories and politics to interrupt associative chains of thinking–feeling. The article then moves into the problems posed by the fists, stirring the sediments and deposits that are rapidly set in motion as the fists flare. Recognizing the affects of congealed language that genders and racializes my sense-making apparatus, the article mixes in stock notions of the child, reducing him to a body in pugilistic rebellion. The article finally turns to consider movement as another way of becoming oriented within one’s environment. The moving fist-assemblage becomes a potent thread that gathers and disperses meaning and bodies, politics and history, form and movement, and being natural and ideological, material and semiotic.
Activation of CREB Protein With Tabersonine Attenuates STAT3 During Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice
Authors: Shi Sen , Song Li , Liu Yong , He Yanzheng
Published: March 2020

Objective:

Atherosclerosis is a pathological condition of fat deposition in the arteries, which causes cardiovascular disorders. Management of atherosclerosis remains a challenge and conventional drugs used for its management have several limitations. This study evaluated the protective effect of tabersonine against atherosclerosis and assessed its molecular mechanism of action.

Methods:

Atherosclerosis was induced by feeding apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mice a high-fat diet. Mice were treated with 20 or 40 mg/kg of tabersonine intraperitoneally for the 12-week duration of the study. Atherosclerosis markers and nitric oxide were measured in the sera of ApoE-deficient mice. Mediators of inflammation and markers of oxidative stress were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Western blotting, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry analyses were conducted to determine the protein expression in aortic tissue.

Results:

The tabersonine-treatment groups had an improved lipid profile and enhanced liver function, compared to the ApoE treatment group. Tabersonine treatment resulted in reduced levels of nitric oxide, cytokines, and oxidative stress, compared to the ApoE group. The altered expression levels of protein inhibitor activated STAT-3 (PIAS3), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3), and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IkBα) in ApoE-deficient mice were ameliorated by tabersonine treatment. Moreover, cAMP-response-element-binding (CREB) expression was elevated in aortic tissue of tabersonine treatment groups, compared to the ApoE group.

Conclusion:

These results suggested that tabersonine ameliorates the expression of STAT-3 by activating CREB protein in atherosclerotic ApoE-deficient mice.
Synthesis and cytotoxic effects on HeLa cervical cancer cells of (E)-2-aroyl-4-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-5-oxopyrrolidine
Authors: Wang Hongmei , Zhu XiuLian , Deng Shouheng , Chen Qinhua , Zeng Xiaohua
Published: March 2020

Seven ( E)-2-aroyl-4-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-5-oxopyrrolidines were synthesized via a tandem Ugi 4CC/SN cyclization sequence starting from a Baylis-Hillman-derived acid, primary amines, arylglyoxals, and isocyanides in one pot. In addition, the cytotoxicity of these compounds on the cervical cancer cell line HeLa was studied by MTT assay. The results showed that most of the compounds could inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells significantly.
The First Report on Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. Extracts
Authors: Stojanović Gordana S. , Ickovski Jovana D. , Đorđević Aleksandra S. , Petrović Goran M. , Stepić Katarina D. , Palić Ivan R. , Stamenković Jelena G.
Published: March 2020

Volatiles of diethyl ether extract (DE), ethyl acetate extract (EE), and hexane extract (HE) of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In both DE and EE, the main compound was scoparone (24.0% and 86.1%, respectively) while in the HE, alkanes were dominant with nonacosane as the most represented (19.4%). Antimicrobial activity was tested against 4 bacterial strains and 1 fungal strain using disc-diffusion method. Tested samples were inactive against Gram-negative bacteria and they exhibited activity against Gram-positive bacteria and yeast Candida albicans. This is the first report on the chemical composition of volatile components and antimicrobial activity of DE, EE, and HE of A. scoparia Waldst. et Kit.
Nasal cavities and the nasal septum: Anatomical variants and assessment of features with computed tomography
Authors: Cellina Michaela , Gibelli Daniele , Cappella Annalisa , Martinenghi Carlo , Belloni Elena , Oliva Giancarlo
Published: March 2020

The nasal cavities are complex anatomical structures with high inter-individual variability that relates to different functions. Different anatomic variants may manifest at this site, mainly belonging to the nasal septum and turbinates. Precise knowledge of the anatomy and variants is fundamental for both radiologists and ENT surgeons. This article provides an overview of the main anatomic variants and their frequency, according to the existing literature, as well as ongoing research on nasal cavity segmentation in order to obtain personal 3D models and to predict post-surgical results.
Into the fray: Adaptive approaches to studying novel teamwork forms
Authors: Kerrissey Michaela J. , Satterstrom Patricia , Edmondson Amy C.
Published: March 2020

Novel forms of teamwork—created by rapid change and growing diversity among collaborators—are increasingly common, and they present substantial methodological challenges for research. We highlight two aspects of new team forms that challenge conventional methods. Factors pertaining to change (e.g., in membership) create entitativity challenges such as whom to count as team members, while factors pertaining to difference (e.g., in expertise) create concordance challenges such as how to interpret disagreement in groups. We review research methods that are well-suited to each of these specific challenges. We identify the particular challenges of studying teams that exhibit high difference and change simultaneously and call for adaptive methods that enable insight into how they work. Clarity about the dimensions of deviation from ideal team forms, along with shared terminology, will help researchers make and discuss tough methodological choices and assist reviewers in evaluating them.
Augmented criminality: How people process in situ augmented reality crime information in relation to space/place
Authors: Liao Tony , Yang Hocheol , Lee Songyi , Xu Kun , Bennett Spencer McLain
Published: March 2020

Communication about crime and the places it occurs has been an important area of study for criminology, sociology, public policy, and media scholars. Where incidents used to be communicated through word of mouth, physical evidence, and news outlets, recent advances in crime tracking, mapping, and mobile media have dramatically changed how individuals are informed about crime. Many organizations have adopted mobile text alerts, and recent advances in augmented reality (AR) technologies have made it possible to overlay visuals about crime on top of users’ physical surroundings. How people make sense of this visual, individualized, and location-specific crime information, however, is largely unknown and complicated by the fact that mobile technologies are challenging to study in situ, as people move through and experience urban place. Within the AR literature, while existing research has started to look at the ways that AR can affect people’s experience of place, the precise ways that people perceive and integrate AR displays into their understanding of place are still largely unexplored. This empirical study reports findings from a project utilizing AR as an urban probe, where we took participants ( N = 57) around to places in a large metropolitan area in the United States and showed them visual AR crime information overlaid on the physical place where they were moving through. After seeing these urban probes, participants were asked what they noticed, remembered, and thought occurred in that place when shown AR crime information. The analysis draws on Lefebvre’s (1991) spatial triad to explain how people read places through the lens of AR, and also how they extrapolate, speculate, and make associations from AR information. Based on these findings, this study discusses the implications for mobile media scholars and their understanding of visual place-based communication, as well as for designers and policymakers considering the use of AR to communicate crime information.
“You See the Very Sharp Edge of the Problems of Prejudice in Town”: Youth Service Providers’ Perceptions of a Regional Community Facebook Group
Authors: Clifford Sarah , Smith James A. , Christie Benjamin
Published: March 2020

The prolific growth of social media in recent years has provided new forums which allow engagement in local town discussions; particularly via community Facebook groups. This study seeks to understand the role of community Facebook groups in a regional town in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia; particularly how they are used to portray youth, and their relevance to a grassroots youth justice reinvestment process. This research arose due to direct concern from a community working group. Seventeen semi-structured interviews, with 18 participants, were conducted with service providers in Katherine, NT. The data was then inductively thematically analyzed, resulting in six themes: staying informed in a regional context; vilifying youth and combating this; racism; impact on youth; tensions in positioning youth: right versus left; and adopting a strengths-based approach to youth. Community Facebook groups were noted as an important factor for staying informed in a remote context. As a key medium within the town, Facebook groups should be considered a source of community discussion and an appropriate avenue to influence community opinion. The racialization of community discussions about “problem youth” indicates a segregation issue in the town, which has been noted for many years. Community education and the promotion of the youth justice work currently being implemented in the town were considered key in changing mindsets and ultimately behaviors. Importantly, research and community development programs alike should consider the community Facebook group as a medium for positive social action.
Social Media Expression as a Collective Strategy: How Perceptions of Discrimination and Group Status Shape US Latinos’ Online Discussions of Immigration
Authors: Velasquez Alcides , Montgomery Gretchen
Published: March 2020

The visibility and association affordances of social media facilitate their potential use for collective action, especially for marginalized and disempowered groups. Guided by social identity theory (SIT), this study examines how perceived discrimination and perceptions of personal and objective constraints on Latinos’ social status increase Latinos’ social media expression. The results indicate that increased perceived discrimination is associated with increased social media expression, especially for those who strongly endorse the use of collective strategies to improve the in-group’s status. Furthermore, status boundaries that are perceived to be impermeable due to objective and subjective barriers are also associated with increased social media expression, regardless of the participants’ reported need for collective action. The results are discussed regarding the relevant literature and theoretical implications are offered.
Use of the Fluoride Varnish Billing Code in a Tertiary Care Center Setting
Authors: Kim Peter , Daly Jeanette M. , Berkowitz Sharon , Levy Barcey T.
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Dental caries is the most common chronic disease in children from birth through 5 years of age. Application of fluoride varnish (FV) is recommended for children younger than 6 years every 3 to 6 months by the United States Preventive Services Task Force. The purposes of this study were to (1) assess use and reimbursement of Current Dental Terminology (CDT) D1206 and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) 99188 codes, which are the billing codes for FV application; (2) determine when and by whom each FV code was used; and (3) summarize the associated clinical notes. Methods: Using the electronic medical record data warehouse from a single tertiary teaching hospital and its affiliated primary care clinics, the dates of service, departments, provider names, and patient identifiers associated with codes CDT D1206 and CPT 99188 were collected. The content of clinical notes was reviewed and summarized. The study period was from May 1, 2009 through May 17, 2019. Results: During the 10-year time period, CDT D1206 was used 5 times and CPT 99188 was used 35 times. FV was applied exclusively during well-child visits. Only pediatricians, and no family physicians, applied FV in this setting. Discussion: A single pediatrician championing for FV application increased both the completion of procedure and the appropriate billing in 2019. Conclusion: FV application has been likely underutilized in this Midwestern tertiary teaching hospital and its affiliated clinics. For both family medicine and pediatric offices, an advocate for caries prevention is likely needed for successful implementation of FV application at well-child visits.
RUNX1-mutated families show phenotype heterogeneity and a somatic mutation profile unique to germline predisposed AML
Authors: Brown Anna L. , Arts Peer , Carmichael Catherine L. , Babic Milena , Dobbins Julia , Chong Chan-Eng , Schreiber Andreas W. , Feng Jinghua , Phillips Kerry , Wang Paul P. S. , Ha Thuong , Homan Claire C. , King-Smith Sarah L. , Rawlings Lesley , Vakulin Cassandra , Dubowsky Andrew , Burdett Jessica , Moore Sarah , McKavanagh Grace , Henry Denae , Wells Amanda , Mercorella Belinda , Nicola Mario , Suttle Jeffrey , Wilkins Ella , Li Xiao-Chun , Michaud Joelle , Brautigan Peter , Cannon Ping , Altree Meryl , Jaensch Louise , Fine Miriam , Butcher Carolyn , D’Andrea Richard J. , Lewis Ian D. , Hiwase Devendra K. , Papaemmanuil Elli , Horwitz Marshall S. , Natsoulis Georges , Rienhoff Hugh Y. , Patton Nigel , Mapp Sally , Susman Rachel , Morgan Susan , Cooney Julian , Currie Mark , Popat Uday , Bochtler Tilmann , Izraeli Shai , Bradstock Kenneth , Godley Lucy A. , Krämer Alwin , Fröhling Stefan , Wei Andrew H. , Forsyth Cecily , Mar Fan Helen , Poplawski Nicola K. , Hahn Christopher N. , Scott Hamish S.
Published: March 2020

First reported in 1999, germline runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) mutations are a well-established cause of familial platelet disorder with predisposition to myeloid malignancy (FPD-MM). We present the clinical phenotypes and genetic mutations detected in 10 novel RUNX1-mutated FPD-MM families. Genomic analyses on these families detected 2 partial gene deletions, 3 novel mutations, and 5 recurrent mutations as the germline RUNX1 alterations leading to FPD-MM. Combining genomic data from the families reported herein with aggregated published data sets resulted in 130 germline RUNX1 families, which allowed us to investigate whether specific germline mutation characteristics (type, location) could explain the large phenotypic heterogeneity between patients with familial platelet disorder and different HMs. Comparing the somatic mutational signatures between the available familial (n = 35) and published sporadic (n = 137) RUNX1-mutated AML patients showed enrichment for somatic mutations affecting the second RUNX1 allele and GATA2. Conversely, we observed a decreased number of somatic mutations affecting NRAS, SRSF2, and DNMT3A and the collective genes associated with CHIP and epigenetic regulation. This is the largest aggregation and analysis of germline RUNX1 mutations performed to date, providing a unique opportunity to examine the factors underlying phenotypic differences and disease progression from FPD to MM.
Transaldolase in Bacillus methanolicus: biochemical characterization and biological role in ribulose monophosphate cycle
Authors: Pfeifenschneider Johannes , Markert Benno , Stolzenberger Jessica , Brautaset Trygve , Wendisch Volker F.
Published: March 2020

Background

The Gram-positive facultative methylotrophic bacterium Bacillus methanolicus uses the sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) variant of the ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) cycle for growth on the C1 carbon source methanol. Previous genome sequencing of the physiologically different B. methanolicus wild-type strains MGA3 and PB1 has unraveled all putative RuMP cycle genes and later, several of the RuMP cycle enzymes of MGA3 have been biochemically characterized. In this study, the focus was on the characterization of the transaldolase (Ta) and its possible role in the RuMP cycle in B. methanolicus.

Results

The Ta genes of B. methanolicus MGA3 and PB1 were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli, and the gene products were purified and characterized. The PB1 Ta protein was found to be active as a homodimer with a molecular weight of 54 kDa and displayed KM of 0.74 mM and Vmax of 16.3 U/mg using Fructose-6 phosphate as the substrate. In contrast, the MGA3 Ta gene, which encodes a truncated Ta protein lacking 80 amino acids at the N-terminus, showed no Ta activity. Seven different mutant genes expressing various full-length MGA3 Ta proteins were constructed and all gene products displayed Ta activities. Moreover, MGA3 cells displayed Ta activities similar as PB1 cells in crude extracts.

Conclusions

While it is well established that B. methanolicus can use the SBPase variant of the RuMP cycle this study indicates that B. methanolicus possesses Ta activity and may also operate the Ta variant of the RuMP.
“What will my child think of me if he hears I gave him HIV?”: a sequential, explanatory, mixed-methods approach on the predictors and experience of caregivers on disclosure of HIV status to infected children in Gombe, Northeast Nigeria
Authors: Wariri Oghenebrume , Ajani Ayomikun , Raymond Mercy Poksireni , Iliya Asabe , Lukman Olatoke , Okpo Emmanuel , Isaac Elon
Published: March 2020

Background

With increasing access to effective Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART), the proportion of children who survive into later childhood with HIV has increased. Consequently, caregivers are constantly being confronted with the dilemma of ‘if’, ‘when’, and ‘how’ to tell their children living with HIV their status. We aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of disclosure and explore the barriers caregivers face in disclosing HIV status to children living with HIV in Gombe, northeast Nigeria.

Methods

We conducted a sequential, explanatory, mixed-methods study at the specialist Paediatric HIV clinic of the Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, northeast Nigeria. The quantitative component was a cross sectional, questionnaire-based study that consecutively recruited 120 eligible primary caregivers of children (6–17 years) living with HIV. The qualitative component adopted an in-depth one-on-one interview approach with 17 primary caregivers. Primary caregivers were purposively selected to include views of those who had made disclosure and those who have not done so to gain an enhanced understanding of the quantitative findings. We examined the predictors of HIV status disclosure to infected children using binary logistic regression. The qualitative data was analysed using a combined deductive and inductive thematic analysis approach.

Results

The mean age of the index child living with HIV was 12.2 ± 3.2 years. The prevalence of disclosure to children living with HIV was 35.8%. Children living with HIV were 10 times more likely to have been told their status if their caregivers believed that disclosure had benefits [AOR = 9.9 (95% CI = 3.2–15.1)], while HIV-negative compared to HIV-positive caregivers were twice more likely to make disclosures [AOR = 1.8 (95%CI = 0.7–4.9)]. Girls were 1.45 times more likely than boys to have been disclosed their HIV positive status even after adjusting for other variables [AOR = 1.45 (95% CI = 0.6–3.5)].

Caregivers expressed deep-seated feeling of guilt and self-blame, HIV-related stigma, cultural sensitivity around HIV, and fears that the child might not cope as barriers to non-disclosure. These feeling were more prominent among HIV-positive caregivers.

Conclusion

The process of disclosure is a complex one and caregivers of HIV positive children should be supported emotionally and psychologically to facilitate disclosure of HIV status to their children. This study further emphasises the need to address HIV-related stigma in resource constrained settings.
The effects and costs of laparoscopic versus abdominal myomectomy in patients with uterine fibroids: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Ruixin , Su Zhiying , Yang Lingling , Xin Luping , Yuan Xiaodong , Wang Yanlong
Published: March 2020

Background

Abdominal myomectomy (AM) and laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) are commonly see surgery for the uterine fibroids, several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have compared the role of AM and LM, the results remained inconsistent. Therefore, we attempted this meta-analysis to analyze the role of LM versus AM in patients with uterine fibroids.

Methods

We searched PubMed et al. databases from inception date to July 31, 2019 for RCTs that compared LM versus AM in patients with uterine fibroids. Two authors independently screened the studies and extracted data from the published articles. Summary odd ratios(OR) or mean differences(MD) with 95% confidence intervals(CI) were calculated for each outcome by means of fixed- or random-effects model.

Results

Twelve RCTs with a total of 1783 patients were identified, with 887 patients for and 897 patients for AM. Compared with AM, LM could significantly decrease the blood loss (OR = − 29.78, 95% CI -57.62– − 0.95), shorten the duration of postoperative ileus (OR = − 10.91, 95% CI -18.72– − 3.11), reduce the length of hospital stay (OR = − 1.57, 95% CI -2.05– − 1.08), but LM was associated with longer duration of operation (OR = 16.10, 95% CI 6.52–25.67) and higher medical cost (OR = 17.61, 95% CI 7.34–27.88).

Conclusions

LM seems to be a better choice for patients with uterine fibroids, more related studies are needed to identify the role of LM and AM for the treatment of uterine fibroids.
Vitamin D deficiency in non-autoimmune hypothyroidism: a case-control study
Authors: Ahi Salma , Dehdar Mohammad Reza , Hatami Naser
Published: March 2020

Background

Although in many studies, the relationship between autoimmune hypothyroidism (Hashimoto) and Vitamin D deficiency was shown, no research has been performed on the role of vitamin D in non-autoimmune hypothyroidism.

Methods

This was a case-control study in Endocrinology clinic of Jahrom (south of Iran). The patients with Hashimoto (n = 633) and non-Hashimoto hypothyroidism (n = 305), along with a control group (n = 200) were evaluated. 25(OH) D level, T3 and T4 levels were studied and Anti TPO and Anti TG tests were performed. The results of vitamin D level were analyzed and interpreted using SPSS in terms of the cause of hypothyroidism (immune and non-immune).

Results

The results of the study showed a significantly lower level of vitamin D in both immune and non-immune Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) in comparison to healthy controls (P < 0.05). We observed a significant inverse correlation between the vitamin D and TGAb level (p = 0.001, r = − 0.261) and a direct correlation of vitamin D with TSH level (p = 0.008, r = 0.108) in Hashimoto thyroiditis patients.

Conclusion

Finally, the results indicated that non-autoimmune hypothyroidism, as well as HT, is associated with vitamin D deficiency. The role of vitamin D deficiency in Hashimoto thyroiditis was thought to be in the association of higher autoantibody (TGAb) level; while, there should be further studies determining vitamin D deficiency’s role in non-immune hypothyroidism.
Rumex acetosa modulates platelet function and inhibits thrombus formation in rats
Authors: Jeong Dahye , Irfan Muhammad , Lee Dong-Ha , Hong Seung-Bok , Oh Jae-Wook , Rhee Man Hee
Published: March 2020

Background

The Rumex acetosa has been used in medicinal treatment, food technology and phytotherapeutics in Eastern Asia and many other countries. However, its effect on cardiovascular system and antiplatelet activity remained to be known. In this study, we examined the antiplatelet activity of R. acetosa in detailed manner to understand underlying mechanism.

Methods

To study this, whole blood was obtained from male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and aggregation of washed platelets measured using light transmission aggregometry. Intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured using Fura-2/AM while ATP release evaluated by luminometer. Activation of integrin αIIbβ3 analyzed by flow cytometry and clot retraction. Furthermore, we studied the signaling pathways mediated by R. acetosa extract by western blot analysis.

Results

R. acetosa extract markedly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation and ATP release in a dose-dependent manner. It also suppressed [Ca2+]i mobilization, integrin αIIbβ3 activation and clot retraction. The extract significantly attenuated phosphorylation of the MAPK pathway (i.e., ERK1/2, JNK), MKK4, PI3K/Akt, and Src family kinase.

Conclusion

Taken together, this data suggests that R. acetosa extract exhibits anti-platelet activity via modulating MAPK, PI3K/Akt pathways, and integrin αIIbβ3-mediated inside-out and outside-in signaling, and it may protect against the development of platelet-related cardiovascular diseases.
Results of a patient-oriented second opinion program in Germany shows a high discrepancy between initial therapy recommendation and second opinion
Authors: Weyerstraß Jan , Prediger Barbara , Neugebauer Edmund , Pieper Dawid
Published: March 2020

Background

As of 2015, second opinions are legally implemented in Germany. However, empirical results from German second opinion programs are lacking. The aim of this study was to examine several aspects within a population of a German second opinion program.

Methods

Study population consisted of patients who sought a second opinion in the period from August 2011 to December 2016. Multivariate logistic regression and ANOVA were used to examine differences in patient characteristics, differentiated by agreement of initial therapy recommendation and second opinion. Follow-up points for patient satisfaction and HRQoL were defined at 1, 3 and 6 months after obtaining the second opinion.

Results

Total number of patients who sought a second opinion was 1414. Most common indications concerned the knee (37.3%), spine (27.3%), hip (11.5%) and shoulder (10.1%). The independent specialists did not confirm the initial therapy recommendations in two out of three cases. The type of indication influenced the agreement between initial therapy recommendation and the second opinion significantly (p = 0.035). The second opinion and the offered service was highly valued by the patients (89%).

Conclusions

The second opinion offers patients the possibility to confirm a medical indication independently and support patients in their decision making process. Reasons for the large discrepancy between initial therapy recommendation and second opinion should be addressed in future research.
Mechanical quantitative sensory testing in cavalier King Charles spaniels with and without syringomyelia
Authors: Hechler Ashley C. , Hostnik Eric T. , Cook Laurie B. , Cole Lynette K. , Moore Sarah A.
Published: March 2020

Background

Syringomyelia (SM) is a debilitating condition in the cavalier King Charles spaniel (CKCS) that results in neuropathic pain and diminished quality of life. Von Frey aesthesiometry (VFA) is a method of mechanical quantitative sensory testing that provides an objective sensory threshold (ST) value and can be used to quantify neuropathic pain (NP) and monitor response to therapy. The utility of VFA has been previously established in client-owned dogs with acute spinal cord injury but the technique has not been evaluated in dogs with SM. The goal of this study was to evaluate ST, as determined by VFA, in dogs with and without SM, to assess the utility of VFA in quantifying NP in SM-affected dogs. We hypothesized the SM-affected CKCS would have lower ST values, consistent with hyperesthesia, when compared to control CKCS. Additionally, we hypothesized that ST values in SM-affected dogs would be inversely correlated with syrinx size on MRI and with owner-derived clinical sign scores.

Results

ST values for the thoracic and pelvic limbs differed significantly between the SM-affected and control CKCS (p = 0.027; p = 0.0396 respectively). Median ST value (range) for the thoracic limbs was 184.1 g (120.9–552) for control dogs, and 139.9 g (52.6–250.9) for SM-affected dogs. The median ST value (range) for the pelvic limbs was 164.9 g (100.8–260.3) in control dogs and 129.8 g (57.95–168.4) in SM-affected dogs. The ST values in SM-affected dogs did not correlate with syrinx height on MRI (r = 0.314; p = 0.137). Owner-reported clinical sign scores showed an inverse correlation with pelvic limb ST values, where dogs with lower ST values (hyperesthesia) were reported by their owners to display more frequent and severe clinical signs (r = − 0.657; p = 0.022).

Conclusion

ST values were lower in SM-affected CKCS compared to control dogs, suggesting the presence of neuropathic pain. Dogs with lower ST pelvic limb values were perceived by their owners to have more severe clinical signs classically associated with SM. Our results suggest that VFA might offer quantitative assessment of neuropathic pain in SM-affected dogs and could be useful for monitoring response to therapy in future clinical studies.
Molecular surveillance of anti-malarial drug resistance in Democratic Republic of Congo: high variability of chloroquinoresistance and lack of amodiaquinoresistance
Authors: Yobi Doudou M. , Kayiba Nadine K. , Mvumbi Dieudonné M. , Boreux Raphael , Kabututu Pius Z. , Situakibanza Hippolyte N. T. , Likwela Joris L. , De Mol Patrick , Okitolonda Emile W. , Speybroeck Niko , Mvumbi Georges L. , Hayette Marie-Pierre
Published: March 2020

Background

The loss of chloroquine (CQ) effectiveness has led to its withdrawal from national policies as a first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in several endemic countries, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The K76T mutation on the pfcrt gene has been identified as a marker of CQ resistance and the SVMNT haplotype in codons 72–76 on the same gene has been associated with resistance to amodiaquine (AQ). In the DRC, the prevalence of K76T has decreased from 100% in 2000 to 63.9% in 2014. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of K76T mutations in circulating strains of Plasmodium falciparum, 16 years after CQ withdrawal in the DRC and to investigate the presence of the SVMNT haplotype.

Methods

In 2017, ten geographical sites across the DRC were selected. Dried blood samples were collected from patients attending health centres. Malaria was first detected by a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) available on site (SD Bioline Malaria Ag Pf or CareStart Malaria Pf) or thick blood smear and then confirmed by a P. falciparum species-specific real-time PCR assay. A pfcrt gene segment containing a fragment that encodes amino acids at positions 72–76 was amplified by conventional PCR before sequencing.

Results

A total of 1070 patients were enrolled. Of the 806 PCR-confirmed P. falciparum positive samples, 764 were successfully sequenced. The K76T mutation was detected in 218 samples (28.5%; 95% CI 25.4%–31.9%), mainly (96%) with the CVIET haplotype. Prevalence of CQ resistance marker was unequally distributed across the country, ranging from 1.5% in Fungurume to 89.5% in Katana. The SVMNT haplotype, related to AQ resistance, was not detected.

Conclusion

Overall, the frequency of the P. falciparum CQ resistance marker has decreased significantly and no resistance marker to AQ was detected in the DRC in 2017. However, the between regions variability of CQ resistance remains high in the country. Further studies are needed for continuous monitoring of the CQ resistance level for its prospective re-use in malaria management. The absence of the AQ resistance marker is in line with the use of this drug in the current DRC malaria treatment policy.
Determinants of excessive weight loss in breastfed full-term newborns at a baby-friendly hospital: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Miyoshi Yasuhiro , Suenaga Hideyo , Aoki Mikihiro , Tanaka Shigeki
Published: March 2020

Background

Excessive weight loss in newborns is associated with neonatal complications such as jaundice and dehydration, which cause renal failure, thrombosis, hypovolemic shock, and seizures. The identification of the risk factors for excessive weight loss will help to discover preventive measures. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with excessive weight loss, defined as weight loss of ≥10%, in breastfed full-term newborns in Japan.

Methods

The present retrospective study, which was performed in a tertiary perinatal center accredited as a Baby-Friendly Hospital, included neonates who were born alive with a gestational age of ≥37 weeks. Cases of multiple births, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), referral to another facility, or exclusive formula feeding were excluded. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between maternal or neonatal characteristics and excessive weight loss.

Results

We studied 399 newborns, of whom 164 (41%) had excessive weight loss. According to the adjusted multiple regression analysis, the factors associated with excessive weight loss were an older maternal age, primiparity, and antepartum Caesarean section, with adjusted odds ratios (95% Confidence Intervals [CIs]) of 1.07 (1.02, 1.11), 2.72 (1.69, 4.38), and 2.00 (1.09, 3.65), respectively.

Conclusions

Close monitoring of infants born to older mothers, primiparous mothers, or infants delivered by antepartum Cesarean section is recommended, and earlier supplementation with artificial milk may be considered.
Effect of contact with podiatry in a team approach context on diabetic foot ulcer and lower extremity amputation: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Blanchette Virginie , Brousseau‐Foley Magali , Cloutier Lyne
Published: March 2020

Multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach has been shown to reduce diabetic foot ulcerations (DFUs) and lower extremity amputations (LEAs), but there is heterogeneity between team members and interventions. Podiatrists have been suggested as “gatekeepers” for the prevention and management of DFUs. The purpose of our study is to review the effect of podiatric interventions in MDTs on DFUs and LEAs. We conducted a systematic review of available literature. Data's heterogeneity about DFU outcomes made it impossible for us to include it in a meta‐analysis, but we identified 12 studies fulfilling inclusion criteria that allowed for them to be included for LEA outcomes. With the exception of one study, all reported favourable outcomes for MDTs that include podiatry. We found statistical significance in favour of an MDT approach including podiatrists for our primary outcome (total LEAs (RR: 0.69, 95% CI 0.54–0.89, I2 = 64%, P = 0.002)) and major LEAs (RR: 0.45, 95% CI 0.23–0.90, I2 = 67%, P < 0.02). Our systematic review, with a standard search strategy, is the first to specifically address the relevant role of podiatrists and their interventions in an MDT approach for DFU management. Our observations support the literature that MDTs including podiatrists have a positive effect on patient outcomes but there is insufficient evidence that MDTs with podiatry management can reduce the risk of LEAs. Our study highlights the necessity for intervention descriptions and role definition in team approach in daily practice and in published literature.