bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flower fertilization optimization algorithm with application to adaptive controllers
Authors: Albedran Hazim , Alsamia Shaymaa , Koch Edina
Published: February 2025

This article presents the Flower Fertilization Optimization Algorithm (FFO), a novel bio-inspired optimization technique inspired by the natural fertilization process of flowering plants. The FFO emulates the behavior of pollen grains navigating through the search space to fertilize ovules, effectively balancing exploration and exploitation mechanisms. The developed FFO is theoretically introduced through the article and rigorously evaluated on a diverse set of 32 benchmark optimization problems, encompassing unimodal, multimodal, and fixed-dimension functions. The algorithm consistently outperformed 14 state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms, demonstrating superior accuracy, convergence speed, and robustness across all test cases. Also, exploitation, exploration, and parameter sensitivity analyses were performed to have a comprehensive understanding of the new algorithm. Additionally, FFO was applied to optimize the parameters of a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller for magnetic train positioning—a complex and nonlinear control challenge. The FFO efficiently fine-tuned the PID gains, enhancing system stability, precise positioning, and improved response times. The successful implementation underscores the algorithm’s versatility and effectiveness in handling real-world engineering problems. The positive outcomes from extensive benchmarking and practical application show the FFO’s potential as a powerful optimization tool. In applying multi-objective PID controller parameter optimization, FFO demonstrated superior performance with a sum of mean errors of 190.563, outperforming particle swarm optimization (250.075) and dynamic differential annealed optimization (219.629). These results indicate FFO’s ability to achieve precise and reliable PID tuning for control systems. Furthermore, FFO achieved competitive results on large-scale optimization problems, demonstrating its scalability and robustness.
Feasibility and comparison of 3D modified rosette ultra-short echo time (PETALUTE) with conventional weighted acquisition in 31P-MRSI
Authors: Bozymski Brian , Shen Xin , Özen Ali , Chiew Mark , Thomas M. Albert , Clarke William T. , Sawiak Stephen , Dydak Ulrike , Emir Uzay
Published: February 2025

Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (31P-MRSI) provides valuable non-invasivein vivoinformation on tissue metabolism but is burdened by poor sensitivity and prolonged scan duration. Ultra-short echo time (UTE) acquisitions minimize signal loss when probing signals with relatively short spin-spin relaxation time (T2), while also preventing first-order dephasing. Here, a three-dimensional (3D) UTE sequence with a rosette k-space trajectory (PETALUTE) is applied to 31P-MRSI at 3T. Conventional weighted MRSI employs highly regular Cartesian k-space sampling, susceptible to substantial artifacts when accelerated via undersampling. In contrast, this novel sequence’s “petal-like” pattern offers incoherent sampling more suitable for compressed sensing (CS). These results showcase the competitive performance of PETALUTE against conventional weighted 31P-MRSI with simulation, phantom, and in vivo leg muscle comparisons.
Advancing extrapolative predictions of material properties through learning to learn using extrapolative episodic training
Authors: Noda Kohei , Wakiuchi Araki , Hayashi Yoshihiro , Yoshida Ryo
Published: February 2025

Recent advancements in machine learning have demonstrated its potential to significantly accelerate the discovery of new materials. Central to this progress is the development of rapidly computable property predictors, which allow identifying novel materials with the desired properties from vast material spaces. However, the limited availability of data resources poses a significant challenge in data-driven material research, particularly hindering the exploration of innovative materials beyond the boundaries of existing data. Although machine-learning predictors are inherently interpolative, establishing a general methodology to create an extrapolative predictor remains a fundamental challenge. In this study, we leveraged the attention-based architecture of neural networks and a meta-learning algorithm to enhance extrapolative generalization capabilities. Meta-learners trained repeatedly on arbitrarily generated extrapolative tasks show outstanding generalization for unexplored material spaces. Through the tasks of predicting the physical properties of polymeric materials and hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites, we highlight the potential of such extrapolatively trained models, particularly their ability to rapidly adapt to unseen material domains in transfer-learning scenarios.
Oxidation-responsive, settable bone substitute composites for regenerating critically-sized bone defects
Authors: Dos Santos Reinaldo L. , Ahmed Ardeena , Hunn Brooke E. , Addison Adolphus E. , Marques Dylan W. , Bruce Karina A. , Martin John R.
Published: February 2025

Traditionally used bone substitutes do not yield desired bone regeneration outcomes in critically-sized bone defects. Oxidation sensitive bone substitutes are an alternative that produce improved regeneration in large-scale bone defects.
An immunomodulatory encapsulation system to deliver human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neuron progenitors for Parkinson's disease treatment
Authors: Atkinson Emily A. , Gregory Holly N. , Carter Lara N. , Evans Rachael E. , Roberton Victoria H. , Dickman Rachael , Phillips James B.
Published: February 2025

A multi-component immunomodulatory encapsulation system has potential to improve the survival of therapeutic hiPSC-derived dopaminergic neuron progenitors, for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
Bio-degradable, fully bio-based, thermally cross-linked superabsorbent polymers from citric acid and glycerol
Authors: Chen Jingying , Chan Deelan Yen , Yang TaoTao , Parisi Daniele , Reuvers Bart , Veldhuis Theo , Picchioni Francesco , Wu Jing , Raffa Patrizio , Koning Cor
Published: February 2025

Fully bio-based and biodegradable superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were prepared by a polycondensation reaction of citric acid, monosodium citrate, and glycerol without a catalyst. The SAPs perform well compared to commercial non-degradable ones.
Regulating the bubble-water/catalyst interface microenvironment for accelerated electrosynthesis of H2O2via optimizing oxygen functional groups on carbon black
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Zheng Xuan , Su Hui , Ling Yun , Guo Rong , Zhang Maosheng , Wang Qingxiang , Niu Li
Published: February 2025

Optimizing oxygen functional groups on carbon black improves the bubble-water/catalyst interface microenvironment, facilitating selective electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide with enhanced activity, stability, and sustainability.
Study of clopidogrel and clonidine interactions for cardiovascular formulation: Progress from DFT modeling
Authors: Ocampo Cardenas Breyner , Román Gabriel , Noseda Grau Emila , Simonetti Sandra
Published: February 2025

Clopidogrel and clonidine drugs are frequently used to treat cardiovascular illnesses which are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Since these medications are frequently taken in combination, it is crucial...
Recycling Silicon Photovoltaic Cells into Silicon Anodes for Li-ion Batteries Using 3D Printing
Authors: Mottaghi Maryam , Kulkarni Apoorv , Pearce Joshua
Published: February 2025

With the increasing adoption of solar energy, the disposal of end-of-life photovoltaic modules has become a growing environmental concern. As crystalline silicon has significant potential as an anode material for...
Formation of Prenucleation Clusters and Transformation to ZnSe Quantum Dots and Magic-Size Clusters
Authors: Wang Wenting , Shen Qiu , Yang Yusha , Sapelkin Andrei , Wang Shasha , Luan Chaoran , Yu Kui
Published: February 2025

Prenucleation clusters (PNCs) play an important role in the synthesis of colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and magic-size clusters (MSCs) of binary II-VI metal chalcogenide (ME). Here, we explore the...
Asymmetric [4 + 3] cycloaddition of hydroxyphenyl indolinones to synthesize novel spirooxindoles
Authors: Huang Shuhui , Xu Yongquan , Li Mohan , Liao Lihuan , Ren Weiwu
Published: February 2025

The first asymmetric [4 + 3] cycloaddition of hydroxyphenyl indolinones has been reported to afford spirooxindole oxadiazepines in high yields with excellent stereoselectivities, which is a new class of seven-membered spirooxindole compounds.
Visible-light induced three component radical cascade 1,2-dialkylation of alkenes to access alcohols
Authors: Wang Yu-Zhao , Tang Di-Di , Zhang Han-Yue , Ma Xiao-Yue , Xing De-Hua , Liu Chenjiang , Xia Yu , Li Yan
Published: February 2025

Visible-light mediated 1,2- dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes provided a powerful tool for the synthesis of structurally complicated and diverse molecules from simple precursors in one step. In this paper, a photo-catalyzed...
Visible light-mediated pyridyl silylation of olefins through hydrogen atom transfer
Authors: Wang Shan , Yuan Ting-Ting , Liang Jun-Ting , Liang Xiao-Xia , Deng Xuan , Xu Zichen , Hu Ya-Jian , He Yu-Tao
Published: February 2025

A visible light-mediated synthesis protocol for the three-component pyridyl silylation of olefins to access β-pyridyl silicons has been developed involving a methoxy radical-mediated relay reaction.
Chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed intermolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition for the synthesis of chiral azomethine imines: mechanism and stereochemical model
Authors: Chen Weichi , Qu Zhongqing , Qu Shuanglin , Duan Abing
Published: February 2025

Leveraging the chemical knowledge acquired from the literature and reported mechanisms, a synthetic route and stereochemical model for chiral azomethine imines have been developed via intermolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition catalyzed by CPAs.
Development of non-fluorinated hybrid ester solvents for wide-temperature operation of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Yang Soung Jin , Kang Seungyeop , Koo Joo-Hyun , Lee Gil-Ju , Lim Seung-Gyu , Kim Joo-Seong , Jin Kyoungsuk , Kim Hyun Woo , Yoon Hana , Yoo Dong-Joo
Published: February 2025

Hybrid solvent shows an increased electron-withdrawing effect on the oxygen in the carbonyl group (CO), resulting in low solvation energies and superior electrochemical performance across a wide temperature range.
Fixed‐Time Fault‐Tolerant Dynamic Formation Control for Heterogeneous Multi‐Agent Systems With Communication Link Faults for Collaborative Wildfire Monitoring
Authors: Mawanza Joewell T.
Published: February 2025

This paper addresses the problem of heterogeneous multi‐agent systems (HMAS), comprising multiple uncrewed ground vehicles (UGVs) and multiple uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), collaboratively monitoring the wildfire in the presence of actuator faults and communication link faults during the fire monitoring mission. It presents a fixed‐time fault‐tolerant dynamic formation control scheme designed for HMAS, with the objective of monitoring either the circular or elliptical propagation of a wildfire. The paper adopts a fixed‐time extended state observer (FxESO) to estimate the multi‐source disturbances arising from external disturbances and actuator faults, ensuring fixed‐time convergence of the estimation errors of the FxESO. By utilizing the Lyapunov candidate theorem, the collaborative tracking errors will converge to zero in fixed time, regardless of the initial position, ensuring that all agents in HMAS monitor the dynamic wildfire perimeter. Comparative simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
A GGIW PMBM Smoother for Multiple Extended Object Tracking
Authors: Wang Wenhui , Xu Ye , Zhang Kejie , Sun YouPeng , Li Peng
Published: February 2025

Poisson multi‐Bernoulli mixture (PMBM) filtering is an effective method for multi‐extended target tracking. However, it has a low utilization of information from multiple time scans, leading to potential errors such as jumps and discontinuities in the target trajectories. To address this, propose a gamma Gaussian inverse Wishart PMBM filter that uses multiple time scans for smoothing. The results of continuous tracking are smoothed and corrected at regular intervals, resulting in more accurate tracking performance. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm effectively reduces generalized optimal sub‐pattern assignment errors compared to the original PMBM filter.
Contribution of young massive stellar clusters to the Galactic diffuse γ-ray emission
Authors: Menchiari S. , Morlino G. , Amato E. , Bucciantini N. , Peron G. , Sacco G.
Published: February 2025

Young massive stellar clusters (YMSCs) have emerged as potential γ-ray sources after the recent association of a dozen YMSCs with extended γ-ray emission. The large size of the detected halos, comparable to that of the wind-blown bubble expected around YMSCs, makes the γ-ray detection of individual YMSCs rather challenging. As a result, the emission from most of the Galactic YMSCs could be unresolved, thus contributing to the diffuse γ-ray radiation observed along the Galactic Plane. In this study, we estimate the possible contribution to the Galactic diffuse γ-ray emission from a synthetic population of YMSCs, and we compare it with observations obtained with different experiments, from 1 GeV to hundreds of teraelectronvolt in three regions of the Galactic Plane. As the population of galactic YMSCs is only known locally, we evaluated the contribution of γ-ray emission relying on the simulation of synthetic populations of YMSCs based on the observed properties of local clusters. We computed the γ-ray emission from each cluster assuming that the radiation is purely hadronic in nature and produced by cosmic rays that are accelerated at the cluster's collective wind termination shock. We find that the γ-ray emission from unresolved YMSCs can significantly contribute to the observed Galactic diffuse flux, especially in the inner part of the Galaxy, and that an important role is played by kinetic power injected by the Wolf-Rayet stellar winds. The predicted γ-ray flux should be considered as a lower limit, given that our calculation does not include the contribution of supernovae exploding in YMSCs.
Cold dayside winds shape large leading streams in evaporating exoplanet atmospheres
Authors: Nail F. , MacLeod M. , Oklopčić A. , Gully-Santiago M. , Morley C.V. , Zhang Z.
Published: February 2025

Recent observations of planetary atmospheres in HAT-P-32 b and HAT-P-67 b reveal extensive outflows reaching up to hundreds of planetary radii. The helium 1083 nm light curves for these planets, captured across their full orbits, show notable asymmetries: both planets display more pronounced pre-transit than post-transit absorptions, with HAT-P-67 b being the more extreme case. Using 3D hydrodynamic simulations, we identified the key factors influencing the formation of a dense leading outflow stream and characterized its morphology. Our models suggest that such a geometry of escaped material is caused by a relatively cold outflow with a high mass-loss rate, launched preferentially from the planet's dayside. From the simulations we calculated synthetic spectra that show large absorption depths and irregular line profiles due to complex gas kinematics. We find that the measurements of the equivalent width and the velocity shift relative to the planet's rest frame, observed over a significant portion of the planet's orbital phase, can provide important constraints on the outflow properties and its interaction with the stellar wind.
Polydisperse formation of planetesimals. The dust size distribution in clumps
Authors: Matthijsse Jip , Aly Hossam , Paardekooper Sijme-Jan
Published: February 2025

To form kilometre-sized planetesimals, the streaming instability is an efficient method for overcoming the barriers to planet formation in protoplanetary discs. The streaming instability has been extensively modelled by hydrodynamic simulations of gas and a single dust size. However, recent studies considering a more realistic case of a particle size distribution have shown that this will significantly decrease the growth rate of the instability. We follow up on these studies by evaluating the polydisperse streaming instability in the non-linear regime to see if clumping can occur in the same manner as the monodisperse streaming instability and determine the size distribution in the densest dust structures. We employ 2D hydrodynamic simulations in an unstratified shearing box with multiple dust species representing an underlying continuous dust size spectrum using FARGO3D. We use the Gauss-Legendre quadrature in dust size space to calculate the drag force on the gas due to a continuous dust size distribution. These simulations are compared to previous analytical results of the polydisperse streaming instability in the linear phase. We then look at the saturated non-linear phase of the instability at the highest density regions and investigate the dust size distribution in the densest dust structures. When sampling the size distribution, the error in the growth rate converges significantly faster with the number of dust sizes using the Gauss-Legendre quadrature method than the usual uniform sampling method. In the non-linear regime, the maximum dust density reached in the polydisperse case is reduced compared to the monodisperse case. Larger dust particles are most abundant in the densest dust structure because they are less coupled to the gas and can therefore clump together more than the smaller dust grains. Contrary to expectations based solely on dust-gas coupling, our results reveal a distinct peak in the size distribution that arises from the size-dependent spatial segregation of the highest-density regions, where particles with the largest Stokes numbers are located just outside the densest areas of the combined dust species. The 2D unstratified polydisperse streaming instability is less efficient than its monodisperse counterpart at generating dense clumps that may collapse into planetesimals, and in the densest regions, the distinct dust size distribution could be related to the size distribution that ends up in the planetesimal and can mimic the size distribution of dust growth.
Konfliktlösung mit dem Inneren Team: Wer spricht da gerade?
Authors: Brazda Sylvia
Published: February 2025

Ein OP- und Anästhesie-Team ist geprägt durch unterschiedliche Hierarchien, Berufsgruppen und Charaktere – das macht es anfällig für Störungen. Sich mit den Stimmen des eigenen Inneren Teams auseinanderzusetzen kann dabei helfen, wieder klarer zu sehen und zwischenmenschliche Spannungen und Konflikte gezielt aufzulösen.
Managerin des Jahres 2024: Dr. Susanne Ozegowski: Energische Digitalisiererin
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: February 2025

Seit April 2022 leitet Dr. Susanne Ozegowski die Abteilung „Digitalisierung und Innovation“ im BMG. Freundlich im Ton, entschlossen in der Sache, hat sie die Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens maßgeblich vorangetrieben. Wenn die ePA 2025 in der Fläche kommt, ist das auch ihr Verdienst.
Krankenhaus Barometer 2024: 80 Prozent der Krankenhäuser machen Verluste
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: February 2025

So dramatisch waren die Zahlen des Krankenhaus Barometers noch nie: Für 2024 erwarten 80 Prozent der Häuser ein negatives Jahresergebnis. Und zwei Drittel gehen davon aus, dass sich ihre Lage 2025 weiter verschlechtert. DKG-Vorstandschef Dr. Gerald Gaß beklagt einen „historischen Niedergang“.
Endometrium-Karzinom
Authors: Giagounidis Aristoteles
Published: February 2025

Was ist neu?

Erhebliche prognostische Verbesserungen für Früh- und Spätstadien der Endometrium-Karzinome zeichnen sich durch neue diagnostische und therapeutische Entwicklungen ab. So hat die Molekularpathologie sowohl die Klassifikation als auch die adjuvante und palliative Therapie dieser Tumoren revolutioniert. Neuerdings werden 4 Hauptgruppen unterschieden: POLE-mutierte Tumoren machen etwa 7% aller Karzinome aus und werden als „ultramutiert“ klassifiziert. Sie weisen eine exzellente Prognose auf. Mismatch-Repair-defiziente Tumoren (MMRd) sind mit etwa 25% häufig und gelten als „hypermutiert“. Sie sind ausgesprochen empfindlich gegen Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitoren. Die größte Gruppe, Tumoren ohne spezifische molekulare Signatur (No specific molecular Profile, NSMP), sind prognostisch etwa den MMRd-Tumoren vergleichbar. Schließlich werden TP53-mutierte Endometrium-Karzinome unterschieden, die eine ungünstige Prognose aufweisen.

Diese molekularpathologischen Grundlagen wurden kürzlich in die neue FIGO-Klassifikation von 2023 integriert. Dadurch verändert sich die adjuvante Therapie-Indikation erheblich: Während ohne Molekularpathologie früher 60% der POLE-mutierten Tumoren adjuvant radio/(chemo)therapiert wurden, bleiben sie heutzutage aufgrund ihrer exzellenten Prognose therapiefrei. FIGO 2023 erkennt u.a. auch neue günstige Subgruppen wie das synchrone Endometrium- und Ovarial-Karzinom an.

Niedrigrisiko-Patientinnen benötigen keine adjuvante Therapie. Intermediärstadien (z.B. Stadium IIB) profitieren von adjuvanter Radiotherapie. Molekulare Marker entscheiden über den zusätzlichen Therapiebedarf: POLE-mutierte Tumoren werden therapiefrei belassen, G3-endometrioide Tumoren ohne TP53-Mutation erhalten meist nur eine adjuvante Strahlentherapie, während TP53-mutierte Tumoren intensiv radiochemotherapiert werden. Hochrisiko-Patientinnen (ab Stadium IIC) erhalten üblicherweise eine Kombination aus Radiochemotherapie, gefolgt von Chemotherapie, oder eine alleinige Chemotherapie.

In der Therapie der fortgeschrittenen und metastasierten Stadien haben sowohl die Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitoren als auch der PARP-Inhibitor Olaparib einen festen Stellenwert. Bei Patientinnen ohne Mismatch-Repair-Defizienz ist in der Erstlinien-Therapie der Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitor Durvalumab plus Chemotherapie, gefolgt von Durvalumab und Olaparib, neu zugelassen. Bei Mismatch-Repair-defizienten Tumoren ist die vorgenannte Therapie ohne Olaparib – ebenso wie Dostarlimab und Carboplatin/Paclitaxel – als Erstlinien-Behandlung zugelassen. Aufgrund des mannigfachen immunologischen Nebenwirkungspotenzials und möglicher Interaktionen ist auch für den allgemeinmedizinisch und internistisch tätigen Hausarzt die Auseinandersetzung mit den neuen Therapieoptionen von Vorteil.
Zweites Update: Wenig Neues beim Bundes-Klinik-Atlas
Authors: Pabst Inga
Published: February 2025

Mit Hochdruck arbeiten das Bundesgesundheitsministerium und das Institut für Qualitätssicherung und Transparenz im Gesundheitswesen daran, den Bundes-Klinik-Atlas weiter aufzubauen. Ein zweites geplantes Update gab es noch 2024, allerdings mit weit weniger Angaben als zuvor vom BMG angekündigt.
Kommentar: Bundestagswahl 2025
Authors: Ekkernkamp Axel
Published: February 2025

Wenn sich die Politik an Wünschen und Bedürfnissen der Menschen orientieren würde, müsste die Gesundheitsversorgung im Wahlkampf ganz weit oben stehen. Denn dort besteht der größte Handlungsbedarf. Die Wahlprogramme der relevanten Parteien spiegeln das allerdings nicht wider, da sich damit nun mal keine Wahlen gewinnen lassen.
Hauptstadtkongress: Impulse für ein stabiles Gesundheitssystem
Authors: Einhäupl Karl Max
Published: February 2025

Der Hauptstadtkongress 2025 fokussiert sich auf Lösungen für die Finanzierung von GKV und Pflege, die Zukunft der Krankenhäuser und den Zugang zu Innovationen. Erfahrungen aus Europa, insbesondere Dänemark, liefern wertvolle Impulse für ein zukunftsfähiges Gesundheitssystem.
A study of anomalous stochastic processes via generalizing fractional calculus
Authors: Jiang Jiahao , Miao Bing
Published: February 2025

Due to the very importance of fractional calculus in studying anomalous stochastic processes, we systematically investigate the existing formulation of fractional calculus and generalize it to broader applied contexts. Specifically, based on the improved Riemann–Liouville fractional calculus operators and the modified Maruyama’s notation for fractional Brownian motion, we develop the fractional Ito^’s calculus and derive a generalized Fokker–Planck equation corresponding to the Maruyama’s process, along with which, the stochastic realizations of trajectories, both underdamped and overdamped, have been studied in terms of the stochastic dynamics equations newly formulated. This paves a way to study the path integrals and the stochastic thermodynamics of anomalous stochastic processes. We also explicitly derive several fundamental results in fractional calculus, including the relation between fractional and normal differentiation, the Laplace transform for fractional derivatives, the analytic solution of one type of generalized diffusion equations, and the fractional integration formulas. Our results advance the existing fractional calculus and provide practical references for studying anomalous diffusion, mechanics of memory materials in engineering, and stochastic analysis in fractional orders.
The triangular structure beyond pairwise interactions affects the robustness of the world trade networks
Authors: Wang Wan , Ren Zhuoming , Lin Yu , Weng Tongfeng , Du Wenli
Published: February 2025

Unlike hollow triangles formed through pairwise interactions, a filled triangle or two-simplex comprises three nodes that form a group and represent the most fundamental higher-order interaction. To analyze the effects of higher-order triangles on the robustness of world trade networks, we integrate multilateral regional trade agreements and import–export world trade data to construct two-simplex higher-order trade networks. The topological characteristics indicate a significant growth in the scale and complexity of trade networks over time, with a notable decline in 2020. Then, we introduce node attack strategies designed to simulate scenarios where the key countries or regions withdraw from the trade network. It is revealed that network robustness has improved along with size and complexity, although it diminished in 2020. To further explore the factors influencing the changes in network robustness, we generate higher-order synthetic trade networks based on the random simplicial complex (RSC) model and the scale-free simplicial complex (SFSC) model. The synthetic trade networks demonstrate that increasing the average degree enhances robustness, while merely increasing the number of nodes or filled triangles can weaken it. Additionally, scale-free higher-order networks exhibit lower robustness due to vulnerability of the hub nodes, in contrast to the higher resilience of random simplicial complexes. These insights emphasize the importance of fostering multilateral interactions and strengthening ties for network robustness.
Prediction of toroidal dipole resonance in dielectric metasurface by deep learning
Authors: Yu Yangyang , You Shaojun , Zhang Ying , Wang Lulu , Duan Hong , He Haoxuan , Wang Yiyuan , Luo Shengyun , Xu Jing , Huang Jing , Zhou Chaobiao
Published: February 2025

Toroidal dipole (TD) resonance is a promising method for enhancing light–matter interactions, offering significant potential in photonic device design. While numerical simulations are commonly used to study TD resonances, they are computationally expensive and time consuming. In this study, we propose deep learning strategies to predict TD resonances induced by Brillouin zone folding. A fully connected neural network is developed to predict transmission mapping, transmission spectra, multipole scattering, and TD components. Comparison with numerical simulations shows that the neural network predicts TD resonance efficiently and accurately. Experimental validation through fabricated samples further confirms the strong TD response. Our work presents an effective tool for quickly and precisely exploring nanophotonic properties and offers a promising approach for predicting high-quality factor TD resonators.
Weak individual preferences stabilize culture
Authors: Acerbi Alberto , de Courson Benoît
Published: February 2025

Outcomes in the cultural arena are due to many factors but are there general rules that can suggest what makes some cultural traits successful and others not? Research in cultural evolution theory distinguishes factors related to social influence (such as copying from the majority, or from certain individuals) from factors related to individual, nonsocially influenced, propensities such as evolved cognitive predispositions, or physical, biological, and environmental constraints. Here, we show, using analytical and individual-based models, that individual preferences, even when weak, determine the equilibrium point of cultural dynamics when acting together with nondirectional social influence in three out of four cases we study. The results have implications regarding the importance of keeping into account individual-level, nonsocial, factors, when studying cultural evolution, as well as regarding the interpretation of cross-cultural regularities, that must be expected, but can be product of weak directional forces, intensified by social influence.
Telling stories matters
Authors: Allen Annie R. , Kim Jeong-Hee , Cho Jeasik
Published: February 2025

Narrative inquiry has emerged as a distinct and valuable research methodology within the human and
social sciences. This chapter introduces the concept and significance of narrative inquiry as a means to gain profound
insights into the diverse aspects of society, culture, and human actions. It begins by providing an overview of its
central tenets and elements as a research approach, delving into the ethical considerations and reflexive aspects
necessary to ensure the responsible and careful exploration of human experiences. The limitations of narrative inquiry
are also discussed, including the “Rashomon effect” and the challenges of conducting “backyard research.” The chapter
then examines the pedagogical implications of narrative inquiry, highlighting its potential to enrich educational
practices and enhance student engagement. Looking toward the future, “Posthuman Narrative Inquiry” is proposed as a
potential direction for the field. This chapter concludes by elucidating how stories shape realities and inspire a
deeper understanding of the human condition, inviting researchers and students alike to appreciate the power of
narratives and their transformative influence on the world.
Narrative inquiry in Applied Linguistics Research
Authors: Okada Hanako
Published: February 2025

Everyone loves a good story, including an increasing number of scholars in Applied Linguistics. A
well-told story holds our attention, conveys messages that might otherwise be lost in conventional research reports’
dense, dry prose, and connects readers to experiences in their own lives. Novice and experienced scholars alike who
are deeply interested in people’s lives may find that some Applied Linguistics literature misses what they are most
drawn to. Its distanced and impersonal stance somehow does not feel right when we wish to learn about people’s lives.
The fact that stories are so (deceptively) easy to tell and compelling to read and listen to thus holds great appeal,
particularly for novice scholars who are interested in doing research on people’s lives and experiences with
languages, such as learning and teaching second and foreign languages. However, they may not fully comprehend the
perils, as well as the pleasures, of conducting and writing up narrative inquiry. In this chapter, I begin with a
brief background and history of narrative inquiry in applied linguistics. I follow by addressing the pleasures and
perils, as well as the ethical concerns involved in conducting and writing narrative inquiry, with the goal of making
a case for the value of carefully done narrative inquiry in Applied Linguistics research.
Extracting gravitational wave signals from LISA data in the presence of artifacts
Authors: Castelli Eleonora , Baghi Quentin , Baker John , Slutsky jacob , Bobin Jérôme , Karnesis Nikolaos , Petiteau Antoine , Sauter Orion , Wass Peter J , Weber William J.
Published: February 2025

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission is being developed by ESA with NASA participation. As it has recently passed the Mission Adoption milestone, models of the instruments and noise performance are becoming more detailed, and likewise prototype data analyses must as well. Assumptions such as Gaussianity, stationarity, and data continuity are unrealistic, and must be replaced with physically motivated data simulations, and data analysis methods adapted to accommodate such likely imperfections. To this end, the LISA Data Challenges have produced datasets featuring time-varying and unequal constellation armlength, and measurement artifacts including data interruptions and instrumental transients. In this work, we assess the impact of these data artifacts on the inference of Galactic Binary and Massive Black Hole properties. Our analysis shows that the treatment of noise transients and gaps is necessary for effective parameter estimation, as they substantially corrupt the analysis if unmitigated. We find that straightforward mitigation techniques can significantly if imperfectly suppress artifacts. For the Galactic Binaries, mitigation of glitches was essentially total, while mitigations of the data gaps increased parameter uncertainty by approximately 10%. For the Massive Black Hole binaries the particularly pernicious glitches resulted in a 30% uncertainty increase after mitigations, while the data gaps can increase parameter uncertainty by up to several times. Critically, this underlines the importance of early detection of transient gravitational waves to ensure they are protected from planned data interruptions.
Direct sampling for recovering a clamped cavity from the biharmonic far-field data
Authors: Harris Isaac , Lee Heejin , Li Peijun
Published: February 2025

This paper concerns the inverse shape problem of recovering an unknown clamped cavity embedded in a thin infinite plate. The model problem is assumed to be governed by the two-dimensional biharmonic wave equation in the frequency domain. Based on the far-field data, a resolution analysis is conducted for cavity recovery via the direct sampling method. The Funk–Hecke integral identity is employed to analyze the performance of two imaging functions. Our analysis demonstrates that the same imaging functions commonly used for acoustic inverse shape problems are applicable to the biharmonic wave context. This work presents the first extension of direct sampling methods to biharmonic waves using far-field data. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of these imaging functions in recovering a clamped cavity.
Effect of varying laser energy density at LaScO3/SrTiO3 interface
Authors: Nehra Simran , Shrivastava Shikha , Gangwar Sunil , Manral Pooja , Yadav C S , Malik V. K. , Dogra Anjana
Published: February 2025

The genesis of conductivity at the interface between two insulating perovskite oxides is the subject of rigorous investigation within the scientific community. The emergence of conductivity observed at the interface between insulating LaScO3 (LSO) and SrTiO3 (STO) is attributed to the phenomenon known as polar catastrophe. In this study, we fabricated LSO films on TiO2-terminated STO substrates using the pulsed laser deposition technique. The investigation revealed a correlation between the film resistance and the variation in laser energy density during the deposition process, emphasizing the influence of energy density modulation on the electronic properties of the films. Also, the effect of cation non-stoichiometry in LSO films on mobility is examined and compared with the previously documented LAO/STO and LVO/STO interfaces.
Magnetodielectric Properties in Two Dimensional Magnetic Insulators
Authors: Dey Koushik , Khatun Hasina , Ghosh Anudeepa , Das Soumik , Das Bikash , Datta Subhadeep
Published: February 2025

Magnetodielectric (MD) materials are important for their ability to spin-charge conversion, magnetic field control of electric polarization and vice versa. Among these, two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials are of particular interest due to the presence of magnetic anisotropy (MA) originating from the interaction between the magnetic moments and the crystal field. Also, these materials indicate a high degree of stability in the long-range spin order and may be described using suitable spin Hamiltonians of the Heisenberg, XY, or Ising type. Recent reports have suggested effective interactions between magnetization and electric polarization in 2D magnets. However, MD coupling studies on layered magnetic materials are still few. This review covers the fundamentals of magnetodielectric coupling by explaining related key terms. It includes the necessary conditions for having this coupling and sheds light on the possible physical mechanisms behind this coupling starting from phenomenological descriptions. Apart from that, this review classifies 2D magnetic materials into several categories for reaching out each and every class of materials. Additionally, this review summarizes recent advancements of some pioneer 2D magnetodielectric materials. Last but not the least, the current review provides possible research directions for enhancing magnetodielectric coupling in those and mentions the possibilities for future developments.
Photoemission spectroscopy and {\it ab-initio} simulation of CrFeVGa and CoFeVSb : A Comparative Study
Authors: Nag Jadupati , Vijay Kritika , Bandyopadhyay Barnabha , Banik Soma , Alam Aftab , Suresh K G
Published: February 2025

We present a comprehensive photoemission study of two Vanadium-based quaternary Heusler alloys, CrFeVGa and CoFeVSb, which are highly promising candidates for spintronics and topological quantum applications. CrFeVGa exhibits large anomalous Hall conductivity due to the large Berry curvature originating from its non-trivial topological bands. In contrast, CoFeVSb displays a spin-valve-like behavior alongside excellent thermoelectric properties, such as ultra-low thermal conductivity and high power factor at room temperature. By utilizing synchrotron X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and resonant photoemission spectroscopy, we have investigated the core levels and valence band of both the alloys. Our analysis shows that the V 3\textit{d} states are primarily responsible for the electronic states at the Fermi level which result in the high spin polarization, consistent with our theoretical predictions. The presence of the Fermi edge in the valence band spectra in both the systems confirms the predicted metallic or half/semi-metallic features. The observed spectra match qualitatively with our simulated partial density of states. A close inspection of the temperature dependent valence band spectra indicates that some of the intriguing bulk properties reported earlier on these two systems are intimately connected with their unique band structure topology. This in turn facilitate a deeper insight into the origin of such interesting properties of these alloys. Such direct measurements of electronic structure provide a guiding platform towards a better understanding of the anomalous properties of any material in general.
Diamond nanoneedles for biosensing
Authors: Quarshie Mariam M. , Golubewa Lena , Giraulo Caterina , Morello Silvana , Cirillo Claudia , Sarno Maria , Xu Bo , Balasubramanian Priyadharshini , Mindarava Yuliya , Tutkus Marijonas , Obraztsov Alexander , Jelezko Fedor , Kuzhir Polina , Malykhin Sergei
Published: February 2025

Nanoparticles and nanomaterials are revolutionizing medicine by offering diverse tools for diagnosis and therapy, including devices, contrast agents, drug delivery systems, adjuvants, therapeutics, and theragnostic agents. Realizing full applied potential requires a deep understanding of the interactions of nano dimensional objects with biological cells. In this study, we investigate interaction of single-crystal diamond nanoneedles (SCDNNs) containing silicon vacancy (SiV-) colour centres with biological substances. Four batches of the diamond needles with sizes ranging between 200 nm to 1300 nm and their water suspensions were used in these studies. The human lung fibroblast cells were used for the proof-of-concept demonstration. Employing micro-photoluminescence (PL) mapping, confocal microscopy, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) viability tests, we evaluated the cellular response to the SCDNNs. Intriguingly, our investigation with PL spectroscopy revealed that the cells and SCDNNs can coexist together with approved efficient registration of SiV- centres presence. Notably, LDH release remained minimal in cells exposed to optimally sized SCDNNs, suggesting a small number of lysed cells, and indicating non-cytotoxicity in concentrations of 2 µg/ml to 32 µg/ml. The evidence obtained highlights the potential of SCDNNs for extra- or/and intracellular drug delivery when the surface of the needle is modified. In addition, fluorescent defects in the SCDNNs can be used for bioimaging as well as optical and quantum sensing.
Power absorption and temperature rise in deep learning based head models for local radiofrequency exposures
Authors: Kodera Sachiko , Yoshida Reina , Rashed Essam A , Diao Yinliang , Takizawa Hiroyuki , Hirata Akimasa
Published: February 2025

Objective: Computational uncertainty and variability of power absorption and temperature rise in humans for radiofrequency (RF) exposure is a critical factor in ensuring human protection. This aspect has been emphasized as a priority. However, accurately modeling head tissue composition and assigning tissue dielectric and thermal properties remains a challenging task. This study investigated the impact of segmentation-based versus segmentation-free models for assessing localized RF exposure. Approach: Two computational head models were compared: one employing traditional tissue segmentation and the other leveraging deep learning to estimate tissue dielectric and thermal properties directly from magnetic resonance images. The finite-difference time-domain method and the bioheat transfer equation was solved to assess temperature rise for local exposure. Inter-subject variability and dosimetric uncertainties were analyzed across multiple frequencies.Main Results: The comparison between the two methods for head modeling demonstrated strong consistency, with differences in peak temperature rise of 7.6±6.4%. The segmentation-free model showed reduced inter-subject variability, particularly at higher frequencies where superficial heating dominates. The maximum relative standard deviation in the inter-subject variability of heating factor was 15.0% at 3 GHz and decreased with increasing frequencies.Significance: This study highlights the advantages of segmentation-free deep-learning models for RF dosimetry, particularly in reducing inter-subject variability and improving computational efficiency. While the differences between the two models are relatively small compared to overall dosimetric uncertainty, segmentation-free models offer a promising approach for refining individual-specific exposure assessments. These findings contribute to improving the accuracy and consistency of human protection guidelines against RF electromagnetic field exposure.
Alleviating the trade-off between coincidence time resolution and sensitivity using scalable TOF-DOI detectors
Authors: Onishi Yuya , Ota Ryosuke
Published: February 2025

Objective. Coincidence time resolution (CTR) in time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) has significantly improved with advancements in scintillators, photodetectors, and readout electronics. Achieving a CTR of 100 ps remains challenging due to the need for sufficiently thick scintillators—typically 20 mm—to ensure adequate sensitivity because the photon transit time spread within these thick scintillators impedes achieving 100 ps CTR. Therefore thinner scintillators are preferable for CTR better than 100 ps. To address the trade-off between TOF capability and sensitivity, we propose a readout scheme of PET detectors. Approach. The proposed scheme utilizes two orthogonally stacked one-dimensional PET detectors, enabling the thickness of the scintillators to be reduced to approximately 13 mm without compromising sensitivity. This is achieved by stacking the detectors along the depth-of-interaction (DOI) axis of a PET scanner. We refer to this design as the cross-stacked detector, or xDetector. Furthermore, the xDetector inherently provides DOI information using the same readout scheme. Main results. Experimental evaluations demonstrated that the xDetector achieved the best CTR of 175 ps full width at half maximum (FWHM) and an energy resolution of 11% FWHM at 511 keV with 3 × 3 × 12.8 mm3 lutetium oxyorthosilicate crystals, each coupled one-to-one with silicon photomultipliers. The CTRs are between the xDetector and reference detector with a single timing resolution of 111.2 ± 0.8 ps FWHM. In terms of xy-spatial resolution, the xDetector exhibited an asymmetric resolution due to its readout scheme: one resolution was defined by the 3.2 mm readout pitch, while the other was calculated using the center-of-gravity method. Significance. The xDetector effectively resolves the trade-off between TOF capability and sensitivity while offering scalability and DOI capability. By integrating state-of-the-art scintillators, photodetectors, and readout electronics with the xDetector scheme, achieving a CTR of 100 ps FWHM alongside high DOI resolution becomes a practical possibility.
Heralding Higher-Dimensional Bell and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger States Using Multiport Splitters
Authors: Bhatti Daniel , Barz Stefanie
Published: February 2025

One of the most important resources for quantum optical experiments and applications are on-demand highly-entangled multiphoton quantum states. A promising way of generating them is heralding entanglement generation at a high rate from letting independent photons interfere. However, such schemes often work for a specific internal degree of freedom of the interfering photons only. Going to higher numbers of entangled photons, the success probabilities decrease while the number of necessary resources, e.g., auxiliary photons and optical elements, increases. To make probabilistic schemes feasible also for larger quantum states, it is therefore important to find resource-efficient generation schemes with high success probabilities. In this work, we introduce easily implementable schemes to herald qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, higher-dimensional Bell states and higher-dimensional three-party GHZ states. Our schemes solely rely on multiphoton interference, i.e., they can be adjusted to work for arbitrary degrees of freedom. Furthermore, they demonstrate high success probabilities and need comparably few auxiliary photons.
Transparent PT-symmetric nonlinear networks
Authors: Akramov Mashrab , Yusupov Jambul , Ehrhardt Matthias , Susanto Hadi , Matrasulov Davron
Published: February 2025

We study reflectionless wave propagation in networks modeled by the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation on metric graphs, with transparent boundary conditions applied at the vertices. Using a "potential approach" previously developed for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we derive transparent boundary conditions specific to the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation on metric graphs. These conditions prevent backscattering at the vertices, which is essential for reducing losses in signal, heat, and charge transfer in applications including optical fibers, optoelectronic networks, and low-dimensional materials.