bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of concealment and relationship quality on patient hospitalizations, care strain and depressive symptoms in heart failure dyads
Authors: Lyons Karen S , Sadowski Taylor , Lee Christopher S
Published: August 2019

Background:

Heart failure is one of the most common reasons for hospitalization among older adults and negatively influences person-reported outcomes of patients and their care partners. Moreover, the majority of heart failure research examines patients and care partners separately, ignoring the interdependent nature of the heart failure dyad.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to examine the interpersonal factors associated with depressive symptoms of heart failure patients and spouse care partners, patient hospitalizations over the last 12 months and care strain.

Methods:

A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used to examine 60 community-dwelling adults with heart failure and their spouse care partners. Multilevel modeling controlled for the interdependent nature of the dyadic data.

Results:

Patients had significantly worse depressive symptoms than their spouse care partners. More patient concealment (i.e. hiding concerns/worries) and worse relationship quality were significantly associated with greater depressive symptoms for patients, but not spouse care partners. Better relationship quality (reported by spouse care partners) was significantly associated with lower levels of care strain, whereas better relationship quality (reported by patients) was significantly associated with worse care strain. Patients who had one or more hospitalizations over the past 12 months were significantly more likely to report higher levels of concealment; relationship quality was not associated with patient hospitalizations.

Conclusion:

Findings highlight the interdependent nature of heart failure and the complexity of the interpersonal context. Greater focus on how the heart failure dyad navigates illness as a unit over time is needed to design and tailor innovative lines of clinical intervention to optimize dyadic and individual health.
Network access and spectrum allocation in next-generation multi-heterogeneous networks
Authors: Dong Xiaoqing , Cheng Lianglun , Zheng Gengzhong , Wang Tao
Published: August 2019

In a multi-heterogeneous network with dense deployment and convergence environment, how to efficiently and reasonably allocate idle spectrum resources of the primary network to meet the diversified business demands of secondary users is a difficult problem. In this article, with the goal of maximizing the total transmission rate and minimizing the total cost, a dual-objective optimization mathematical model for network selection and idle spectrum allocation is established in the context of comprehensive consideration of the diversity of spectrum resource attributes and the diversification of secondary users’ business needs. Based on this, two kinds of technical paths to solve the complex network selection and spectrum allocation problem are applied in this article. The first is the simplification method. By preprocessing of objective function, constraint simplification, and standardization, the complex spectrum allocation problem is transformed into a standard form of the 01 programming problem, and the solution is obtained by an improved Hungarian algorithm. Second, an intelligent optimization algorithm named improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II is proposed, which combines the interference constraints of the primary network and the service quality requirements of the secondary users into the objective value evaluation of non-dominated sorting, and corrects the chromosomes that do not meet the constraints. And then makes a decision selection on the optimal solution set to select a compromise solution. Finally, methods proposed in this article are compared with the multi-objective artificial bee colony algorithm through experiments. Experimental results show that the simplified method has higher efficiency, and the improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II can get higher transmission rate, especially the transmission rate–priority strategy.
Deep learning in the fog
Authors: Sobecki Andrzej , Szymański Julian , Gil David , Mora Higinio
Published: August 2019

In the era of a ubiquitous Internet of Things and fast artificial intelligence advance, especially thanks to deep learning networks and hardware acceleration, we face rapid growth of highly decentralized and intelligent solutions that offer functionality of data processing closer to the end user. Internet of Things usually produces a huge amount of data that to be effectively analyzed, especially with neural networks, demands high computing capabilities. Processing all the data in the cloud may not be sufficient in cases when we need privacy and low latency, and when we have limited Internet bandwidth, or it is simply too expensive. It poses a challenge for creating a new generation of fog computing that supports artificial intelligence and selects the architecture appropriate for an intelligent solution. In this article, we show from four perspectives, namely, hardware, software libraries, platforms, and current applications, the landscape of components used for developing intelligent Internet of Things solutions located near where the data are generated. This way, we pinpoint the odds and risks of artificial intelligence fog computing and help in the process of selecting suitable architecture and components that will satisfy all requirements defined by the complex Internet of Things systems.
United States and European Union Evolving Approaches in Southeast Asia: Moving Closer to Convergence or Divergence?
Authors: Pennisi di Floristella Angela
Published: August 2019

With the launch of Barack Obama’s strategic rebalance to Asia-Pacific, there has been a widening of the United States’ military, economic, and diplomatic presence in the Southeast Asian region. Likewise, it is clear that Southeast Asia is currently a region of relevant interest for both the United States and the European Union (EU). Surprisingly, however, up to the present, a systematic comparison of their approaches in the region has been largely lacking. To fill this void, this article compares US and EU interests, strategies, and main instruments of cooperation in Southeast Asia. Special attention is paid to the main developments that occurred in the United States, from Obama’s announcement of a strategic rebalance to Asia-Pacific to Donald Trump’s National Security Strategy, and in the EU, with the release there of the 2012 “Updated East Asia Policy Guidelines.” Examining whether the EU and the United States are moving towards a greater convergence of intent is of crucial importance for identifying opportunities for the further development of the transatlantic relationship in Southeast Asia. This article argues, though, that despite some apparent common traits in the US’s and the EU’s intentions, their strategies and instruments ultimately differ substantially – reflecting divergent paths. This creates crucial impediments to any further development of transatlantic cooperation in Southeast Asia.
Conceptual design framework as a model for wheelchair users’ sportswear comfort
Authors: Lee Hyojeong , Jin HeeJae
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study is to propose the necessary design framework to assess sportswear attributes in terms of comfort and enhanced performance for wheelchair users. The design framework, which is to integrate CCM (Clothing Comfort Model) into MCSN (Model for Clothing for Special Needs), determines the physical nature of personal characteristics to evaluate clothing comfort needs for wheelchair users. This newly suggested design model contains personal characteristics, degree of physical disability and physical dimension. Within the physical dimension category, there are activity and fit attributes which come from the comfort concept. In this new design framework, the activity including having wheelchair users’ own special activity and fit related to clothing comfort show the necessary comfort attributes. The new design model is applied with some previous study cases and further analyzed. This study provides clear strategies for identifying the comfort aspect when designing sportswear for wheelchair users and does so by offering a new conceptual model. These examinations would allow development of useful guidelines for both best comfort and appropriate design dimensions for sportswear for wheelchair users.
Evaluation of performance and perceived utility of mental healthcare indicators in routine health information systems in five low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Jordans Mark , Chisholm Dan , Semrau Maya , Gurung Dristy , Abdulmalik Jibril , Ahuja Shalini , Mugisha James , Mntambo Ntokozo , Kigozi Fred , Petersen Inge , Shidhaye Rahul , Upadhaya Nawaraj , Lund Crick , Thornicroft Graham , Gureje Oye
Published: August 2019

Background

In most low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), routine mental health information is unavailable or unreliable, making monitoring of mental healthcare coverage difficult. This study aims to evaluate a new set of mental health indicators introduced in primary healthcare settings in five LMIC.

Method

A survey was conducted among primary healthcare workers (n = 272) to assess the acceptability and feasibility of eight new indicators monitoring mental healthcare needs, utilisation, quality and payments. Also, primary health facility case records (n = 583) were reviewed by trained research assistants to assess the level of completion (yes/no) for each of the indicators and subsequently the level of correctness of completion (correct/incorrect – with incorrect defined as illogical, missing or illegible information) of the indicators used by health workers. Assessments were conducted within 1 month of the introduction of the indicators, as well as 6–9 months afterwards.

Results

Across both time points and across all indicators, 78% of the measurements of indicators were complete. Among the best performing indicators (diagnosis, severity and treatment), this was significantly higher. With regards to correctness, 87% of all completed indicators were correctly completed. There was a trend towards improvement over time. Health workers' perceptions on feasibility and utility, across sites and over time, indicated a positive attitude in 81% of all measurements.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates high levels of performance and perceived utility for a set of indicators that could ultimately be used to monitor coverage of mental healthcare in primary healthcare settings in LMIC. We recommend that these indicators are incorporated into existing health information systems and adopted within the World Health Organization Mental Health Gap Action Programme implementation strategy.

Declaration of interest

None.
Proposed Criteria for Systematic Evaluation of Qualitative Oncology Research
Authors: Hannum Susan M. , Dy Sydney M. , Smith Katherine C. , Kamal Arif H.
Published: August 2019

Oncology has made significant advances in standardizing how clinical research is conducted and reported. The advancement of such research that improves oncology practice requires an expansion of not only our research questions but also the research methods we deploy to address them. In particular, there is increasing recognition of the value of qualitative research methods to develop more comprehensive understandings of phenomena of interest and to describe and explain underlying motivations and potential causes of specific outcomes. However, qualitative researchers in oncology have lacked guidance to produce and evaluate methodologically rigorous qualitative publications. In this review, we highlight characteristics of high-quality, methodologically rigorous reports of qualitative research, provide criteria for readers and reviewers to appraise such publications critically, and proffer guidance for preparing publications for submission to Journal of Oncology Practice. Namely, the quality of qualitative research in oncology practice is best assessed according to key domains that include fitness of purpose, theoretical framework, methodological rigor, ethical concerns, analytic comprehensives, and the dissemination/application of findings. In particular, determinations of rigor in qualitative research in oncology practice should consider definitions of the appropriateness of qualitative methods for the research objectives against the setting of current literature, use of an appropriate theoretical framework, inclusion of a rigorous and innovative measurement plan, application of appropriate analytic techniques, and clear explanation and dissemination of the research findings.
Predicting Expected Absolute Chemotherapy Treatment Benefit in Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer Using EndoPredict, an Integrated 12-Gene Clinicomolecular Assay
Authors: Soliman Hatem , Flake Darl D. , Magliocco Anthony , Robson Mark , Schwartzberg Lee , Sharma Priyanka , Brown Krystal , Wehnelt Saskia , Kronenwett Ralf , Gutin Alexander , Lancaster Johnathan , Cuzick Jack , Gradishar William
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE

Previous studies have shown EndoPredict (EPclin), a test that integrates 12-gene expression data with nodal status and tumor size, to be predictive for risk of distant recurrence in women with estrogen receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative early-stage breast cancer. Here, we modeled expected absolute chemotherapy benefit on the basis of EPclin test results.

METHODS

The effect of chemotherapy was modeled using previously validated 10-year risk of distant recurrence as a function of EPclin score for patients treated without chemotherapy. Average relative chemotherapy benefit to reduce breast cancer distant recurrence was evaluated using a published meta-analysis from the Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Absolute chemotherapy benefit differences were estimated across a range of interaction strengths between relative chemotherapy benefit and EPclin score. The average absolute benefit was calculated for patients with high and low EPclin scores using the distribution of scores in 2,185 samples tested by Myriad Genetics.

RESULTS

The average expected absolute benefit of chemotherapy treatment for patients with a low EPclin score was 1.8% in the absence of interaction and 1.5% for maximal interaction. Conversely, the expected average absolute chemotherapy benefit for patients with a high EPclin score was 5.3% and 7.3% for no interaction and maximal interaction, respectively.

CONCLUSION

For women with estrogen receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative early-stage breast cancer, a high EPclin score identified which patients would benefit most from adjuvant chemotherapy in terms of absolute reduction of distant recurrence, regardless of the amount of interaction between EPclin and relative chemotherapy benefit. A high degree of prognostic discrimination for distant recurrence is more important for identifying patients likely to benefit most from chemotherapy than an interaction between EPclin and treatment-relative benefit.
Effects of Exercise Training and Statin Use in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus with Dyslipidemia
Authors: ZANETTI HUGO RIBEIRO , GONÇALVES ALEXANDRE , TEIXEIRA PARANHOS LOPES LEANDRO , MENDES EDMAR LACERDA , ROEVER LEONARDO , SILVA-VERGARA MÁRIO LEON , NEVES FERNANDO FREITAS , RESENDE ELMIRO SANTOS
Published: August 2019

Purpose

To evaluate the effects of the combination of exercise training (ET) and statins in people living with human immunodeficiency virus.

Methods

This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eighty-three people living with human immunodeficiency virus were assigned to either placebo (PL), statins (STA), PL + ET (PLET) or STA + ET (STAET) groups. Volunteers assigned to STA and STAET groups were administered 10 mg of rosuvastatin, whereas the PL and PLET groups were administered a placebo. The PLET and STAET groups performed ET three times a week. Before and after the 12-wk follow-up, the volunteers underwent to anthropometric assessment and blood collection to evaluate lipid profile, cardiovascular markers, inflammatory profile; a Doppler ultrasound examination, muscle strength (MS) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) tests were performed.

Results

There was a decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, interleukin (IL)-1β and right carotid intima-media thickness in the STA, PLET, and STAET groups compared with PL group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels and in left and right carotid intima-media thickness and an increase in HDL-c levels in the STAET groups compared with the STA (P ≤ 0.001) and PLET groups (P ≤ 0.001). There was an increase in IL-10 levels, peak-systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, wall shear rate in the PLET and STAET groups compared with the PL (P ≤ 0.001) and STA groups (P ≤ 0.001). The PLET and STAET groups reduced body fat mass, body fat percentage and increased lean body mass, MS and CF compared with PL (P ≤ 0.001) and STA (P ≤ 0.001) groups.

Conclusions

The combination of ET and statins is useful to enhance lipid and inflammatory profiles, reduce cardiovascular disease markers, and improve Doppler ultrasound findings, MS and CF in people living with HIV.
The use and performance of artificial intelligence applications in dental and maxillofacial radiology: A systematic review
Authors: Hung Kuofeng , Montalvao Carla , Tanaka Ray , Kawai Taisuke , Bornstein Michael M.
Published: August 2019

Objectives:

To investigate the current clinical applications and diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence (AI) in dental and maxillofacial radiology (DMFR).

Methods:

Studies using applications related to DMFR to develop or implement AI models were sought by searching five electronic databases and four selected core journals in the field of DMFR. The customized assessment criteria based on QUADAS-2 were adapted for quality analysis of the studies included.

Results:

The initial electronic search yielded 1862 titles, and 50 studies were eventually included. Most studies focused on AI applications for an automated localization of cephalometric landmarks, diagnosis of osteoporosis, classification/segmentation of maxillofacial cysts and/or tumors, and identification of periodontitis/periapical disease. The performance of AI models varies among different algorithms.

Conclusion:

The AI models proposed in the studies included exhibited wide clinical applications in DMFR. Nevertheless, it is still necessary to further verify the reliability and applicability of the AI models prior to transferring these models into clinical practice.
A cascade of care for people with epilepsy: learning from “HIV/AIDS 90-90-90”
Authors: Mateen Farrah
Published: August 2019

Epilepsy is now more prevalent in many countries than HIV/AIDS. Building upon the advances of global policymaking for HIV/AIDS and creating a framework for countries and organizations to monitor progress in epilepsy care will help direct and justify much-needed novel programming. Given the clarity of the HIV/AIDS care continuum model and the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets, I propose this same approach to the cascade of care could be used as a viable framework for people with epilepsy. In this model, the targets of success include (1) ensuring 90% of all people with epilepsy are aware of their diagnosis as a brain disorder, (2) starting 90% of people with epilepsy on quality controlled, appropriately chosen and well stocked antiepileptic drugs, and (3) achieving seizure freedom in 70% of those treated. At least 90% of all people with epilepsy must also be linked to and retained in appropriate care. Although the precise numbers may be debated, this cascade of care approach will assist in deconstructing the barriers to epilepsy care in populations better than the more familiar concept of the epilepsy treatment gap. These reflect concrete goals for health systems for epilepsy care that, if achieved, could lead to seizure freedom for the many people in lower income countries living with poorly controlled epilepsy.
UKMenCar4: A cross-sectional survey of asymptomatic meningococcal carriage amongst UK adolescents at a period of low invasive meningococcal disease incidence
Authors: Bratcher Holly B. , Rodrigues Charlene M. C. , Finn Adam , Wootton Mandy , Cameron J. Claire , Smith Andrew , Heath Paul , Ladhani Shamez , Snape Matthew D. , Pollard Andrew J. , Cunningham Richard , Borrow Raymond , Trotter Caroline , Gray Stephen J. , Maiden Martin C. J. , MacLennan Jenny M.
Published: August 2019

Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis, the meningococcus, is a prerequisite for invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), a potentially devastating infection that disproportionately afflicts infants and children. Humans are the sole known reservoir for the meningococcus, and it is carried asymptomatically in the nasopharynx of ~10% of the population. Rates of carriage are dependent on age of the host and social and behavioural factors. In the UK, meningococcal carriage has been studied through large, multi-centre carriage surveys of adolescents in 1999, 2000, and 2001, demonstrating carriage can be affected by immunisation with the capsular group C meningococcal conjugate vaccine, inducing population immunity against carriage. Fifteen years after these surveys were carried out, invasive meningococcal disease incidence had declined from a peak in 1999.  The UKMenCar4 study was conducted in 2014/15 to investigate rates of carriage amongst the adolescent population during a period of low disease incidence. The protocols and methodology used to perform UKMenCar4, a large carriage survey, are described here.
Make it a warm welcome
Authors: Mainstone-Cotton Sonia
Published: August 2019

Whether a child is starting nursery, pre-school or Reception, teachers will need to respect the enormity of the change and ensure they are sensitive to each child's needs and emotional state.
When less is more
Authors: McKeown Sal
Published: August 2019

An audit tool developed by Hertfordshire County Council has been designed to help settings evaluate their outdoor spaces. As a result many are moving to fewer, but more open-ended, resources.
Encouraging sustainable citizens of the future
Authors: Siraj-Blatchford John , Brock Lynnette
Published: August 2019

By following and respecting one little boy's scheme of transporting, practitioners were able to support his understanding of recycling and care of the environment, which ultimately drew in other children.
Setting a new childhood agenda
Authors: Waggett Nick
Published: August 2019

Dr Nick Waggett reports on an event at which author and former children's commissioner Sir Al Aynsley-Green spoke powerfully about the need to place children at the heart of policy.
Rollicking rhymes
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: August 2019

Explore Quentin Blake's sense of fun and inspire children to experiment with words. Challenge them to write their own rhymes and have fun creating new adventures for popular characters.
Mentoring leaders in small non-profit organisations ‐ the Carmichael Mentor Programme
Authors: Collins Adrienne
Published: August 2019

Leaders of small non-profit organisations are in a ‘lonely position’, caught between the board of directors and the staff. One form of support that can assist them in their role is being mentored by an individual outside their organisation. This paper presents a case study
of a mentoring programme run by Carmichael, an Irish non-profit support organisation, since 2012. It outlines the processes involved in the programme and the experiences of and learning from the mentees and mentors.
How Toxic is Milkweed when Harvested and Cooked according to Myaamia Tradition?
Authors: Everest Michael A. , Gonella Michael P. , Bowler Holly G. , Waschak Joshua R.
Published: August 2019

Asclepias syriaca L. (common milkweed) is known to contain sufficient amounts of cardiac glycosides, which are known to be toxic to humans. Nonetheless, it is traditionally used for food by Native Americans, including the Myaamia people of Indiana and Oklahoma. In order to test the hypothesis that traditional horticultural and culinary practices prevent the Myaamia from ingesting toxic levels of cardiac glycosides, we have determined the level of glycosides (digitoxin equivalent) in A. syriaca 1) in various parts of the plant, 2) at various heights for pre-reproductive plants, and 3) before and after cooking according to traditional Myaamia procedures. Plants were grown, harvested, dried, ground, and extracted twice with ethanol. The amount of digitoxin-equivalent glycoside in plant extract was determined spectrophotometrically using 2,2’,4,4’-tetranitrodiphenyl, a selective derivatizing agent. We find that all parts of the plant contain significant levels of cardiac glycosides at all stages of growth. Plants harvested as young shoots for food, the common practice of the Myaamia, contain slightly lower levels of cardiac glycosides when compared to the leaves and stems of older, taller plants. Moreover, the toxicity is significantly reduced by the traditional Myaamia cooking procedure—a repeated boiling with several changes of water. Therefore, it appears as though the risk of glycoside poisoning from traditional Myaamia use of milkweed for food is moderated by their harvesting practice and traditional cooking procedure.
La vida por las ideas. La retórica romántica del Kirchnerismo (Argentina, 2003-2015)
Authors: Dagatti Mariano
Published: August 2019

Las retóricas políticas ofrecen una experiencia multisensorial de la política.Los estudios del discurso político, por lo tanto, no pueden limitarse a una descripción lingüística. Este artículo tiene por objetivo presentar los resultados de una investigación sobre los discursos públicos del llamado “Kirchnerismo”, el partido de gobierno en la Argentina desde 2003 hasta 2015.Uno de los aspectos centrales de su identidad es la construcción de una retórica romántica, que envuelve sus diferentes perfomances discursivas: desde la oratoria, sus géneros, sus rituales, sus tópicos, hasta el despliegue de un mundo (audio)visual dominado por escenas y motivos iconográficos cuya filiación con la estética romántica puede demostrarse sin ambages. Los resultados indican que para la retórica romántica del Kirchnerismo la política es concebida como acto vital y autónomo, alimentado por ideas, convicciones, coraje y voluntad. Implica en cuanto a sus temas una exaltación de la patria o de la nación, una reivindicación de las causas del pueblo, entendido como colectivo y demandante soberano; la bendición de los liderazgos carismáticos, la celebración de ciertos valores trascendentales que exceden la mera gestión. Los rituales públicos preferidos del Kirchnerismo son los multitudinarios y envuelven, por lo general, una condición épica, con una fuerte carga adversativa. Imagina una democraciade alta intensidad. Las emociones son fundamentales. Con una perspectiva interdisciplinaria de trabajo, basada en la Retórica, la Semiótica y la Lingüística, esta comunicación pretende contribuir al debate sobre las retóricas políticas y de manera general sobre la relación entre análisis del discurso y lingüística.
A genealogia e a ética foucaultianas nos estudos discursivos
Authors: Menezes de Sousa Katia
Published: August 2019

Michel Foucault, em seus últimos trabalhos, dedica-se à investigação acerca da relação do sujeito com a verdade, sendo a sexualidade um domínio entre outros.O objetivo central deste artigo é mostrar como Foucault chega ao entendimento da ética como resultado da relação do sujeito consigo mesmo, em que ele se constitui como sujeito moral de suas próprias ações. Seguindo sua genealogia para estudar a ética, este texto é organizado em três partes para tratar, primeiro, dos deslocamentos teóricos efetuados por Foucault, depois para discutir a relação do discurso com a constituição de um sujeito ético e, por último, para pensar a constituição dos modos de ser do sujeito a partir das práticas de si. As considerações finais sugerem uma reflexão acerca da estética da existência nos jogos de verdade. As reflexões propostas visam contribuir tanto para a compreensão das formas históricas da obrigação e da possibilidade de dizer-a-verdade, quanto para pensar em formas de resistência que pudessem considerar as práticas de si e o dizer-a-verdade como procedimentos éticos imprescindíveis para ser governado, governar-se a si mesmo e aos outros.
Evaluating Effectiveness of an Acute Rehabilitation Program in Hospital-Associated Deconditioning
Authors: Suriyaarachchi Pushpa , Chu Laurence , Bishop Anna , Thew Tina , Matthews Kate , Cowan Rose , Gunawardene Piumali , Duque Gustavo
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose:

Acute hospitalization can result in significant decline in functional ability, known as hospital-associated deconditioning. Older adults are most vulnerable, with resultant functional difficulties and increased risk of institutionalization. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary acute rehabilitation program in hospital-associated deconditioning on routinely collected outcome data to examine its impact to determine whether a controlled trial is warranted.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective review of the hospital database for the national rehabilitation clinical registry for 2013 and 2014. We analyzed responses from patient feedback questionnaires over a 2-year period to assess patient experience of the rehabilitation program.

Results and Discussion:

The analysis included 289 patients referred to our acute rehabilitation program. Most patients were aged 81-90 years, representing 47% (n = 137) of all admissions. The main impairment group was deconditioning (54%). The median entry time to the acute rehabilitation program for this impairment group was 5 days from admission and length of stay in the rehabilitation program was 9 days. Many of these patients (57%) were directly discharged home, with only 21% needing transfer for inpatient rehabilitation. The average Functional Independence Measure score gain was 22 for the patients directly discharged home, with an average discharge Functional Independence Measure score of 94/126. Of the patient feedback responses received (response rate: 24%), 96% rated the program as very good or good. We observed improved functional outcomes among program participants, with the majority directly discharged home, reduced transfer to rehabilitation hospitals, and patient acceptance of this acute rehabilitation program.

Conclusion:

These promising results suggest that a more rigorous evaluation of this acute rehabilitation program in the management of hospital-associated deconditioning is warranted.
Two Pathways for the Activity-Dependent Growth and Differentiation of Synaptic Boutons inDrosophila
Authors: Vasin Alexander , Sabeva Nadezhda , Torres Carol , Phan Sébastien , Bushong Eric A. , Ellisman Mark H. , Bykhovskaia Maria
Published: August 2019

Synapse formation can be promoted by intense activity. At theDrosophilalarval neuromuscular junction (NMJ), new synaptic boutons can grow acutely in response to patterned stimulation. We combined confocal imaging with electron microscopy and tomography to investigate the initial stages of growth and differentiation of new presynaptic boutons at theDrosophilaNMJ. We found that the new boutons can form rapidly in intact larva in response to intense crawling activity, and we observed two different patterns of bouton formation and maturation. The first pathway involves the growth of filopodia followed by a formation of boutons that are initially devoid of synaptic vesicles (SVs) but filled with filamentous matrix. The second pathway involves rapid budding of synaptic boutons packed with SVs, and these more mature boutons are sometimes capable of exocytosis/endocytosis. We demonstrated that intense activity predominantly promotes the second pathway, i.e., budding of more mature boutons filled with SVs. We also showed that this pathway depends on synapsin (Syn), a neuronal protein which reversibly associates with SVs and mediates their clustering via a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent mechanism. Finally, we took advantage of the temperature-sensitive mutantseito demonstrate that seizure activity can promote very rapid budding of new boutons filled with SVs, and this process occurs at scale of minutes. Altogether, these results demonstrate that intense activity acutely and selectively promotes rapid budding of new relatively mature presynaptic boutons filled with SVs, and that this process is regulated via a PKA/Syn-dependent pathway.
Propaganda in the Context of “Parable – Paradigm”
Authors: Khazagerov Georgij
Published: August 2019

This article presents two strategies of manipulation: metaphoric and metonymic. Metaphoric type is a foundation of the totalitarian propaganda. The optimal environment for this type of propaganda is a new urban population, the former peasants. Its best information distribution channel is a newspaper. Its Achilles’ heel is the involvement of population masses in creating and developing of metaphors, which makes perception of metaphors less “automatic” and more thought-provoking. Metonymic type of propaganda is based on categorization of reality through the understanding of what is typical. Such propaganda does not create a holistic worldview and is suitable for an authoritarian rather than classical totalitarian government. Its optimal environment is people who have experience in virtual reality. The ideal information channel is TV. The recipient of this propaganda is not involved in its co-creation, which makes the system more resistant to self-analysis. Nevertheless, like in case of any hidden linguistic manipulation, the intensive use of metonymic type of propaganda reduces its manipulative potential.
Keeping Identity, Freedom, and Independence of Polish Exiles in Siberia in 19th Century (till 1914). Part I
Authors: Caban Wiesław
Published: August 2019

First Poles were sent to Siberia to an exile as early as the second half of the 18th century to be followed by the participants of the Napoleonic campaign of 1812. It is estimated that after the fall of the November Uprising (1831), about ten thousand young Poles were taken captive and deported to Siberia. Soon they were joined by those, especially from Lithuania and Belarus, who were engaged in a conspiracy. More than twenty thousand people were exiled to Siberia after the fall of the January Uprising (1863); whereas, the beginning of 1880s saw the deportation in large numbers of those who were members of socialist parties. The majority of deportees had the opinion that the time in exile should be devoted to self-education and self-organization. The necessity to cultivate patriotic sentiments and Catholic religion was unquestionable. They tried to create at least a semblance of homeland to some degree in exile. Among a certain group of deportees there was a strong conviction that it is not enough to cultivate or even strengthen Polish traditions to get ready for the economic development of Poland, once the independence is regained. It was not enough to conspire, it was necessary to take immediate steps such as escape or rebellion that would bring freedom. One of the best known cases of such thinking is the so called Omsk Conspiracy. In 1833, the deportees from the Omsk region, counting on the support of the local Siberian community, came up with a plan for an uprising. Another revolt against stardom was planned in 1866 in Transbaikal. Both of those attempts failed.
Ordinary Man / Common Man: Conceptual Subject’ Projections of Everyday Discourse
Authors: Kardashova Helena
Published: August 2019

This paper seeks to formalize the structures of everyday discourse. The search for factors ensuring the unity and autonomy of everyday discourse is based on the assumption that the integrity of the discourse as such is guaranteed by the instance of discursive subject. The article deals with the common notion of collective subject/common subject popular in lingua-cultural approach in the Russian discourse analysis. The article on the material of the Russian National Corpus analysed the statements containing an identifier “common / ordinary man”, specified the values in this model, and reconstructed the paradigm of conceptual meanings significant to the speaker as the subject of ordinary discourse. Two aspects of the concept are considered: one model focuses on semantic structures of a subject positioned as a member of a community; another model is related to the subject projecting one in opposition to the other. The author of this article argues that the constitutive force of each discursive practice lies in its provision of subject positions. While the everyday discourse makes available to take up both positions for subjects, the discourse analysis reveals the synergistic nature of everyday communication.
Three Types of Ethno-Specificity in Phraseology: Ethno-Linguistic, Ethno-Cultural, and Ethno-Cognitive Specificity
Authors: Gutovskaya Marina
Published: August 2019

The ethno-specific phraseology – the phraseology which manifests interlanguage differences – is contemplated in the paper considering the phraseology corpora of the Russian and English languages. The popular opinion that ethno-specificity in phraseology is predetermined solely by unique features of the national culture is questioned. The three types of phraseological ethno-specificity are differentiated: ethno-linguistic (ensured by distinctive features of the national language), ethno-cultural (connected with the originality of the national culture), and ethno-cognitive (ordained by the uniqueness of the national worldview). The characteristics of the phraseological units that belong to each of the three types of ethno-specificity are enumerated, and the circles of questions on the ethno-specific phraseology to be studied within traditional linguistics, cultural linguistics, and cognitive linguistics are outlined. The possibility of coexistence of several types of ethno-specificity in one phraseological unit is shown. It is noted that in order to comprehend ethno-specific phraseological units of the three types a different degree of immersion in the foreign linguistic-cultural-cognitive space is required.
The Primacy of Index in Naming Paradigms. Part I
Authors: West Donna E. E.
Published: August 2019

This analysis highlights semiotic naming differences between pronouns, nouns, and verbs. It capitalizes on the pivotal role of Peirce's Object in assigning names, and the special character of pronouns to hasten notice of Objects. It showcases Peirce's indexical sign as an individuating instrument, by arguing that nouns do not name the Object uniquely. The indexical sign alone forces attention on unique entities. Their capacity to invoke notice of shifting places via pronouns/verbs is paramount.The findings indicate a particular developmental course: a noticed “something,” classified object, individuated sequence of actions. The naming begins with the most pure Indexes (pronouns), then nouns (which draw upon similar features); afterwards, the verbs emerge to name dynamic event profiles. This illustrates the indispensability of index in the naming process. Advances in deictic individuation establish and reinforce joint attentional ventures: co-signers are compelled not merely to attend to the same Object, but to recognize distinctive participant roles in event structures.
Patrick Sériot, Elena Bulgakova, Andreja Eržen. Folk Linguistics and Pseudo-Scientists. Translated by Vilhelmina Vitkauskienė
Authors: Vitkauskienė Vilhelmina
Published: August 2019

Original article: La linguistique populaire et les pseudo-savants.
Polish Writers and their Influence on Women’s Public Activity: A Case Study of Józefa Kisielnicka and Eliza Orzeszkowa
Authors: Dajnowicz Małgorzata
Published: August 2019

Józefa Kisielnicka (1865–1941) created a new model of a woman in the society, a woman that is actively involved in the public life and concentrates on the charity work and educational needs of the people in their close environment. Her attitude towards women’s involvement in the public life was greatly appreciated by both men and women, especially among the gentry class. In her literary works (published, e.g., in Warsaw Courier and Daily Courier), she depicted women’s everyday life. The general image of her characters was very negative.

Eliza Orzeszkowa (1841–1910) can be described as a great activist in initiating and developing the idea of gender issues, both in her written works and everyday life duties. Her political views, social involvement, and literary achievements were widely recognized among women representing liberal political views. Her numerous works (for example, A Few Words about Women) related to the place of the women in the society and the issues of gender equality. Eliza Orzeszkowa considered the cultural and social conditions, which influenced the possibilities of women in their pursuit of equality.

The two women writers Józefa Kisielnicka and Eliza Orzeszkowa set a new pattern of initiating and shaping the public involvement of women in the northeastern province of Poland.
Oh, Sport! Are You Peace? (About Different Kinds of Sports Media Discourse)
Authors: Kazimianec Jelena
Published: August 2019

The ways of description and interpretation of such socially meaningful event as the World Football Championship 2014 are considered in this article. The author justifies the importance of choosing a sports topic and in particular football in the modern world, showing that first of all the sports discourse is a journalistic discourse. That is why the ways of the representation and description of sports events are the basic means for creating its concept. The author has chosen one day of the World Football Championship 2014 for theanalysis to show that not the sports events, but the acts of violence accompanying them are becoming the basic subject matter of the description. In relation to this, the author suggests to speak about a special type of sports discourse: a discourse of sports aggression. Its main features are: special lexical stock phrases, inaccuracy in the supply of information, lack of logic in the description of events, and expressiveness of the means used to describe the acts of violence. The author comes to the conclusion that it is difficult to make the precise cognitive diagram of the sport event reading due to the additional information, as the reader’s attention in such messages is focused only on the description of the details, which are connected with the facts of aggression that occurred in the sport action. The modern sports appear as the catalyst of aggressive actions instead of initiating the peace.
A Polish Bra Obsessed Women Community as a Discours Community
Authors: Senderska Joanna
Published: August 2019

The article addresses a female virtual community consisting of enthusiasts of bra fitting and connoisseurs of beautiful, especially well-chosen, lingerie, mainly bras. The members of this community sometimes are called in Polish “stanikomaniaczki” (which can be translated into bra maniacs, bra obsessed women) or lobbystki (which means lobbyists). The aim of this article is to consider whether the bra obsessed women community meets the criteria for a discourse community proposed by John Swales (among others in his book entitled Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings, published in 1990). According to J. Swales, a community is a discourse community if its members: 1. have common goals; 2. use the specific mechanisms and means of internal communication; 3. use these mechanisms and means to obtain information or opinions and to share their knowledge or achievements with other members of the community; 4. communicate with each other using specific types of genres; 5. use a specific vocabulary; 6. have different levels of competence in transmitting and receiving messages, which gives individual members the status of "experts" or "novices". The author is also considering whether all online communities (using similar genres) focused on the exchange of information on a specific topic related to their interests that resulted in creating discourse communities.
Narrative of Dyslexic Children: Methodological Issues
Authors: Balčiūnienė Ingrida , Kornev Aleksandr N. N.
Published: August 2019

The paper presents the methodology of narrative elicitation of dyslexic children. The experimentwas conducted in Saint Petersburg (Russia) testing 9–10 year old children. The experimental group consisted of 12 children with dyslexia, and a control group contained 12 peers without any developmental disorders. Each of the subjects performed two tasks: storytelling according to a picture sequence and retelling another picture sequence. The narrative elicitation procedure was controlled from the perspective of story complexity,task order and story mode. The descriptive statistical analysis evaluated the impact of particular types of narrative elicitation on a quality of narrative in the experimental and control groups. A statistically significant difference of the impact of task order, narrative mode, and story complexity on the narrative of dyslexic children encourages to study the methodology of narrative analysis even more comprehensively and be especially careful in selecting visual stimuli for populations with atypical language development.
Guidance Magazines for Woman: Crisis, Stagnation, or Development
Authors: Dąbrowska-Cendrowska Olga
Published: August 2019

Female press is a broad segment of the press market. Some publications touch many topics, such as monthly Claudia, while others are dedicated to one specific field of everyday life, e.g., My cooking (Moje gotowanie) or I have a baby (Mam dziecko). Regardless of the release profile of the magazine, the press offer is addressed to women and based on the transmission of different types of advice adjusted to the prospective target group. Due to this offer, female readers can cope with all their problems and find answers to all the questions. The commercialization of the media is leading to the deepening of segmentation of female magazines, the goal of which is to reach the widest possible audience and achieve satisfactory results of the copy sales. This article attempts to answer the question what conditions the guidance bi-weekly and the guidance monthly magazines for women issued by companies with foreign capital, such as: Bauer Media Poland, Edipresse Poland, Burda Media Poland. The conclusions are drawn on the basis of data on the average copy sales published by the Association Press Distribution Control for the surveyed magazines.
From Mythical Thinking to Political Thought
Authors: Lassan Eleonora
Published: August 2019

The article focuses on the Russian epos as well as Russian fairy tales: the images that are frequently there tend to be projected on the contemporary political discourse. The author assumes that the analysis of the folklore stories might allow defining the archetypes, which in a certain manner affect the contemporary political thought in Russia. The author demonstrates the way in which the national cultural archetypes relate to the common cultural ones (Greek myths), on the one hand, and, on the other hand, contain their specific national modification. Thus, the Hero Archetype in Russian epos appears to be nationally marked (its Russianness is particularly stressed) as well as the image of an enemy, filling in the Shadow Archetype. Russian ‘bogatyr’ is traditionally on a state service and remains faithful to his grand duke, notwithstanding the injustice of the latter. The characters of fairy tales wage “preventive wars” in which they become the winners. The contemporary Russian political discourse inherits, to a certain extent, the value as well as the worldview aspects of the Russian epos.