bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase and antigenic variation govern competition dynamics through positioning in bacterial colonies
Authors: Zöllner Robert , Oldewurtel Enno R. , Kouzel Nadzeya , Maier Berenike
Published: September 2017

Cellular positioning towards the surface of bacterial colonies and biofilms can enhance dispersal, provide a selective advantage due to increased nutrient and space availability, or shield interior cells from external stresses. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that govern bacterial positioning. Using the type IV pilus (T4P) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, we tested the hypothesis that the processes of phase and antigenic variation govern positioning and thus enhance bacterial fitness in expanding gonococcal colonies. By independently tuning growth rate and T4P-mediated interaction forces, we show that the loss of T4P and the subsequent segregation to the front confers a strong selective advantage. Sequencing of the major pilin gene of the spatially segregated sub-populations and an investigation of the spatio-temporal population dynamics was carried out. Our findings indicate that pilin phase and antigenic variation generate a standing variation of pilin sequences within the inoculation zone, while variants associated with a non-piliated phenotype segregate to the front of the growing colony. We conclude that tuning of attractive forces by phase and antigenic variation is a powerful mechanism for governing the dynamics of bacterial colonies.
Host genetic background influences diverse neurological responses to viral infection in mice
Authors: Brinkmeyer-Langford Candice L. , Rech Raquel , Amstalden Katia , Kochan Kelli J. , Hillhouse Andrew E. , Young Colin , Welsh C. Jane , Threadgill David W.
Published: September 2017

Infection by Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is a model for neurological outcomes caused by virus infection because it leads to diverse neurological conditions in mice, depending on the strain infected. To extend knowledge on the heterogeneous neurological outcomes caused by TMEV and identify new models of human neurological diseases associated with antecedent infections, we analyzed the phenotypic consequences of TMEV infection in the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population. We evaluated 5 different CC strains for outcomes of long-term infection (3 months) and acute vs. early chronic infection (7 vs. 28 days post-infection), using neurological and behavioral phenotyping tests and histology. We correlated phenotypic observations with haplotypes of genomic regions previously linked to TMEV susceptibility to test the hypothesis that genomic diversity within CC mice results in variable disease phenotypes in response to TMEV. None of the 5 strains analyzed had a response identical to that of any other CC strain or inbred strain for which prior data are available, indicating that strains of the CC can produce novel models of neurological disease. Thus, CC strains can be a powerful resource for studying how viral infection can cause different neurological outcomes depending on host genetic background.
Smartphone based optical spectrometer for diffusive reflectance spectroscopic measurement of hemoglobin
Authors: Edwards Perry , Zhang Chenji , Zhang Baigang , Hong Xiangqian , Nagarajan Vivek K. , Yu Bing , Liu Zhiwen
Published: September 2017

We report a miniature, visible to near infrared G-Fresnel spectrometer that contains a complete spectrograph system, including the detection hardware and connects with a smartphone through a microUSB port for operational control. The smartphone spectrometer is able to achieve a resolution of ~5 nm in a wavelength range from 400 nm to 1000 nm. We further developed a diffuse reflectance spectroscopy system using the smartphone spectrometer and demonstrated the capability of hemoglobin measurement. Proof of concept studies of tissue phantoms yielded a mean error of 9.2% on hemoglobin concentration measurement, comparable to that obtained with a commercial benchtop spectrometer. The smartphone G-Fresnel spectrometer and the diffuse reflectance spectroscopy system can potentially enable new point-of-care opportunities, such as cancer screening.
Switchable Hydrophobicity and Hydrophilicity
Authors: Kohno Yuki , Ohno Hiroyuki
Published: September 2017

Advances in the design, synthesis, and application of ionic liquid (IL)-based functional materials that show a reversible change in hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity in response to external stimuli, specifically temperature, are summarised in this chapter. Precisely-designed ILs with suitable hydrophobicity can afford the possibility to show a dynamic phase change after mixing with water. Apart from the static phase behaviour of IL/water mixtures, in which either a homogeneous or phase-separated state is kept intact regardless of the temperature, two types of dynamic phase changes exist, namely upper critical solution temperature (UCST)-type and lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type phase changes. The ILs showing these phase behaviours are considered to have moderate solubility in water. Similar to general inorganic salts, the solubility of many ILs in water increases with heating, and the resulting mixtures show complete miscibility at a certain temperature. This behaviour is classified as a UCST-type phase change. Conversely, the LCST-type phase change, where homogeneous mixtures split into two phases upon heating, has recently been found in several IL/water mixed systems. Furthermore, LCST-type thermal responsiveness can also be realised in IL-based polyelectrolytes upon controlling the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity balance of the starting IL monomers. Given the unique set of properties originating from ILs, one can conceive a wide variety of applications of the thus-prepared smart IL materials from both scientific and industrial perspectives.
Redox-active Immobilized Ionic Liquids and Polymer Ionic Liquids
Authors: Pham-Truong Thuan-Nguyen , Ghilane Jalal , Randriamahazaka Hyacinthe
Published: September 2017

This chapter provides an overview of a novel family of ionic liquids, redox-active ionic liquids and redox polymer ionic liquids. The flexible design of this new family of ionic liquids allows for the tuning of various properties. Then, these compounds can act as multifunctional materials for diverse applications. In this chapter, different approaches and procedures for immobilizing redox-active ionic liquids, from thin layers to polymers, are mentioned and reviewed. Importantly, polymer ionic liquids have largely contributed to recent advances in polymer sciences and are becoming key materials in different fields, such as energy storage (batteries, supercapacitors), energy conversion (actuators), and information processing (sensors).
Ionic Liquids as Tools in the Production of Smart Polymeric Hydrogels
Authors: Silva S. S. , Reis R. L.
Published: September 2017

In this chapter, we review the recent advances in the use of ILs in the process of forming polymeric gels (ionogels) and hydrogels. The tunability and versatility of ILs aligned with the features of natural (e.g. chitin or cellulose) and/or synthetic polymers have opened up new ways to process them not only as hydrogels, but also as matrices in different shapes and sizes. In particular, polymeric hydrogels processed in ILs can be useful for a broad range of applications from the removal of anionic dyes to biomaterials. We also highlight the physico-chemical properties and characteristics of the natural and synthetic polymers most used in the preparation of polymeric ionogels and hydrogels in ILs.
Ionic Liquid-based Polymers and Crystals for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Lee Chuan-Pei , Ho Kuo-Chuan
Published: September 2017

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been extensively investigated as a potential renewable power source because they do not rely on expensive or energy-intensive processing methods. Within a DSSC, the electrolyte is very important as it provides the ionic conductivity for charge transport between the photoanode and the cathode, as well as sets the potential barrier necessary for energy conversion. Considering the durability of DSSCs in practical applications, ionic liquids (ILs) have become the most promising electrolyte materials due to their advantages of negligible vapor pressure, high thermal stability, wide electrochemical window, and high ionic conductivity. Recently, great progress has been made in the development of solid-state ILs to avoid the fluidity and potential leakage of IL-based electrolytes during long-term operation under solar light illumination. This chapter reviews some of the key research on the topic of solid-state ILs using polymeric ILs or IL crystals for DSSCs, and some of the relevant literature has also been briefly introduced.
Correction: A novel nanozyme assay utilising the catalytic activity of silver nanoparticles and SERRS
Authors: Sloan-Dennison Sian , Laing Stacey , Shand Neil C. , Graham Duncan , Faulds Karen
Published: September 2017

Correction for ‘A novel nanozyme assay utilising the catalytic activity of silver nanoparticles and SERRS’ by Sian Sloan-Dennison et al., Analyst, 2017, 142, 2484–2490.
A supercharged fluorescent protein based FRET sensing platform for detection of heparin contamination
Authors: Ding Yubin , Zhou Min , Wei Hui
Published: September 2017

A FRET system was successfully constructed using supercharged green fluorescent protein as the energy donor and dye labelled heparin as the energy acceptor. The FRET sensing platform can be used to detect OSCS contaminant in heparin.
Thermo-rheological responsive microcapsules for time-dependent controlled release of human mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Mak W. C. , Magne B. , Cheung K. Y. , Atanasova D. , Griffith M.
Published: September 2017

Injectable thermo-rheological responsive capsules for controlled release of hMSCs.
A quantum dot-labelled aptamer/graphene oxide system for the construction of a half-adder and half-subtractor with high resettability
Authors: Hu Xianyun , Liu Yuqian , Qu Xiaojun , Sun Qingjiang
Published: September 2017

Highly resettable and reconfigurable arithmetic operations were implemented using a molecular logic system with dual-coloured quantum dots as the stable fluorophores.
Glaser–Hay hetero-coupling in a bimetallic regime: a Ni(ii)/Ag(i) assisted base, ligand and additive free route to selective unsymmetrical 1,3-diynes
Authors: Mohanty Anuradha , Roy Sujit
Published: September 2017

A Ni(OAc)2/Ag(OTf) catalysed coupling of aryl alkynes and propargylic alcohol/ether/ester gave the corresponding unsymmetrical 1,3-diynes in good to excellent yields.
Rhodium-catalyzed odorless synthesis of diaryl sulfides from borylarenes and S-aryl thiosulfonates
Authors: Kanemoto Kazuya , Sugimura Yasuyuki , Shimizu Shigeomi , Yoshida Suguru , Hosoya Takamitsu
Published: September 2017

Various diaryl sulfides, including heteroaryl- and nitrogen-containing sulfides, have been efficiently prepared by rhodium-catalyzed odorless deborylative arylthiolation of organoborons with S-aryl thiosulfonates.
Stepwise engineering of pore environments and enhancement of CO2/R22 adsorption capacity through dynamic spacer installation and functionality modification
Authors: Chen Cheng-Xia , Qiu Qian-Feng , Cao Chen-Chen , Pan Mei , Wang Hai-Ping , Jiang Ji-Jun , Wei Zhang-Wen , Zhu Kelong , Li Guangqin , Su Cheng-Yong
Published: September 2017

Stepwise dynamic spacer installation and post-synthetic covalent modifications are combined to fine tune the gas adsorption properties MOFs.
AuNPs/COFs as a new type of SERS substrate for sensitive recognition of polyaromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: He Juan , Xu Fujian , Chen Zhuo , Hou Xiandeng , Liu Qin , Long Zhou
Published: September 2017

A new SERS substrate was prepared via 1 min self-assembly of Au NPs to COFs for the sensitive recognition of PAHs.
Real time detection of ESKAPE pathogens by a nitroreductase-triggered fluorescence turn-on probe
Authors: Xu Shengnan , Wang Qinghua , Zhang Qingyang , Zhang Leilei , Zuo Limin , Jiang Jian-Dong , Hu Hai-Yu
Published: September 2017

Novel NTR triggered fluorescence turn-on probe for diagnosing ESKAPE pathogens.
Polydopamine thin film-assisted patterned chemical bath deposition of ZnO nanorods on arbitrary substrates
Authors: Wang Xuehui , Hu Weihua
Published: September 2017

Patterned nanostructures tethered on various substrates are of essential importance for both fundamental research and practical application but often require tedious and expensive fabrication procedures.
Branched Ag nanoplates: synthesis dictated by suppressing surface diffusion and catalytic activity for nitrophenol reduction
Authors: Tan Taixing , Zhang Shun , Wang Cheng
Published: September 2017

Highly branched Ag nanoplates were achieved at extremely low Ag atoms surface diffusion rate, fulfilledviathe Cu under potential deposition.
One-dimensional polymeric polybromotellurates(iv): structural and theoretical insights into halogen⋯halogen contacts
Authors: Usoltsev Andrey N. , Adonin Sergey A. , Novikov Alexander S. , Samsonenko Denis G. , Sokolov Maxim N. , Fedin Vladimir P.
Published: September 2017

Reactions of TeO2and Br2in concentrated HBr in the presence of various organic cations resulted in the formation of one-dimensional supramolecular polymers with the structure cation2{[TeBr6](Br2)}.
Exploring the working mechanism of graphene patterning by magnetic-assisted UV ozonation
Authors: Yue Huan , Tao Haihua , Wu Yixuan , Su Shubin , Li Hao , Ni Zhenhua , Chen Xianfeng
Published: September 2017

The working mechanism of graphene patterning by magnetic-assisted UV ozonation is explored.
Laser cooling of the OH− molecular anion in a theoretical investigation
Authors: Wan Ming-jie , Huang Duo-hui , Yu You , Zhang Yun-guang
Published: September 2017

The schemes for laser cooling of the OH− anion are proposed using an ab initio method.
Nonexponential kinetics of ion pair dissociation in electrofreezing water
Authors: Alaghemandi Mohammad , Koller Volkmar , Green Jason R.
Published: September 2017

The dissociation kinetics of an ion pair can be nonexponential because of structural and energetic changes in an electrofreezing environment.
Understanding the structure and reactivity of NiCu nanoparticles: an atomistic model
Authors: Quaino P. , Belletti G. , Shermukhamedov S. A. , Glukhov D. V. , Santos E. , Schmickler W. , Nazmutdinov R.
Published: September 2017

Fine details of the surface structure of NiCu nanoparticles of different sizes and compositions are investigated by atomistic simulations. Their reactivity in electrochemical hydrogen oxidation is dicussed in terms of the density of electronic states.
Crystallographic features of poly(vinylidene fluoride) film upon an attractive substrate of KBr
Authors: Huang Rui , Wang Gang , Guo Shuo , Wang Ke , Fu Qiang
Published: September 2017

Among all the polymorphs of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), the polar γ-form possesses the highest melting point and electrical breakdown strength as well as the strongest solvent and irradiation resistance, which are beneficial for the durability of PVDF products.
Mechanism of hydrogen adsorption on gold nanoparticles and charge transfer probed by anisotropic surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Watkins William L. , Borensztein Yves
Published: September 2017

The adsorption of dihydrogen on gold nanoparticles is observed by a shift in the surface plasmon resonance of gold, during argon/hydrogen cycles. This is induced by the dissociation of the H2molecules and negative charge transfer from Au to Au–H bondings.
Controlling cation segregation in perovskite-based electrodes for high electro-catalytic activity and durability
Authors: Li Yifeng , Zhang Wenqiang , Zheng Yun , Chen Jing , Yu Bo , Chen Yan , Liu Meilin
Published: September 2017

This review focuses on the origin of cation segregation in perovskite-based materials, and discusses its influence on SOC device performance.
Influence of Re–M interactions in Re–M/C bimetallic catalysts prepared by a microwave-assisted thermolytic method on aqueous-phase hydrogenation of succinic acid
Authors: Di Xin , Li Chuang , Lafaye Gwendoline , Especel Catherine , Epron Florence , Liang Changhai
Published: September 2017

Re–M/C catalysts were simply synthesized and a kinetic study was performed to provide insight into the effect of Re–M interactions.
The effect of auxiliary ligand on the mechanism and reactivity: DFT study on H2 activation by Lewis acid–transition metal complex (tris(phosphino)borane)Fe(L)
Authors: Zhang Jianyu , Lin Jiasheng , Li Yinwu , Shao Youxiang , Huang Xiao , Zhao Cunyuan , Ke Zhuofeng
Published: September 2017

The crucial role of the auxiliary ligand in hydrogen activation is revealed by DFT studies for the LA–TM ferraboratrane complex.
A comprehensive mechanistic study on the visible-light photocatalytic reductive dehalogenation of haloaromatics mediated by Ru(bpy)3Cl2
Authors: Marin Mireia , Miranda Miguel A. , Marin M. Luisa
Published: September 2017

Fast kinetic data from time-resolved emission spectroscopy shine light on the mechanism involved in the Ru(bpy)32+-photocatalytic reduction of halonitrobenzenes.
Mitigating the effects of high fat diet on the brain and behavior with berry supplementation
Authors: Carey Amanda N. , Galli Rachel L.
Published: September 2017

Berries are rich in bioactive compounds like anthocyanins and show promise for mitigating the effects of high fat diet on the brain and behavior.
New catalyst with multiple active sites for selective hydrogenolysis of cellulose to ethylene glycol
Authors: Hamdy Mohamed S. , Eissa Murad A. , Keshk Sherif M. A. S.
Published: September 2017

Three different active sites were incorporated in 3-D silica matrix. One pot procedure was applied without using solvents or surfactants. The prepared material exhibited superior catalytic activity in the hydrogenolysis of cellulose to ethylene glycol.
Bio-based amines through sustainable heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Pelckmans M. , Renders T. , Van de Vyver S. , Sels B. F.
Published: September 2017

Heterogeneous catalysis offers a sustainable toolbox for the synthesis of a wide variety of biomass-derived amines.
Phloretic acid as an alternative to the phenolation of aliphatic hydroxyls for the elaboration of polybenzoxazine
Authors: Trejo-Machin Acerina , Verge Pierre , Puchot Laura , Quintana Robert
Published: September 2017

Phloretic acid: a sustainable building block to promote the solvent-free elaboration of benzoxazine and its polymerization into fully bio-based thermosets.
Protection of carbon steel corrosion in 3.5% NaCl medium by aryldiazonium grafted graphene coatings
Authors: Ghiamati Yazdi Ebrahim , Ghahfarokhi Zahra Shams , Bagherzadeh Mojtaba
Published: September 2017

Modification of CS/G by 1,8 ND containing two phenyl rings and two azo groups led to higher protection efficiency.
A facile one-pot synthesis of cobalt-doped magnetite/graphene nanocomposite as peroxidase mimetics in dopamine detection
Authors: Hosseini Morteza , Aghazadeh Mustafa , Reza Ganjali Mohammad
Published: September 2017

Cobalt-doped magnetite/graphene nanocomposites (Co-MGNCs) were prepared by a facile one-pot electrochemical method.
Revealing the biodistribution and clearance of Ag2Se near-infrared quantum dots in mice
Authors: Ge Xiao-Lei , Zhang Zhi-Ling , Xie Zhi-Xiong , Cui Ran , Pang Dai-Wen
Published: September 2017

Ultra-small Ag2Se QDs can be cleared from the mice body mostly by renal excretion without significant long-term organ accumulation.
A facile methodology for regulating the size of hexagonal NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ upconversion nanocrystals
Authors: Li Dongdong , Lai Wen-Yong , Shao Qiyue , Huang Wei
Published: September 2017

The novelty of the work: size adjustment of hexagonal NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ upconversion nanocrystals by varying only the ratio of oleic acid to rare-earth acetates.
A new macrocyclic ligand as a turn-on fluorescent chemosensor for the recognition of Pb2+ions
Authors: Azadbakht Reza , Hakimi Mohammad , Khanabadi Javad , Amiri Rudbari Hadi
Published: September 2017

The chemosensor L has a detection limit of 9.63 nM for Pb2+in an acetonitrile/H2O (9 : 1, v/v) mixture.
3D polymer objects with electronic components interconnected via conformally printed electrodes
Authors: Jo Yejin , Kim Ju Young , Jung Sungmook , Ahn Bok Yeop , Lewis Jennifer A. , Choi Youngmin , Jeong Sunho
Published: September 2017

We report the fabrication of 3D polymer objects that contain electrical components interconnected by conductive silver/carbon nanotube inks printed conformally onto their surfaces and through vertical vias.
Comment on “Glycine-functionalized copper(ii) hydroxide nanoparticles with high intrinsic superoxide dismutase activity” by K. Korschelt, R. Ragg, C. S. Metzger, M. Kluenker, M. Oster, B. Barton, M. Panthöfer, D. Strand, U. Kolb, M. Mondeshki, S. Strand, J. Brieger, M. N. Tahir and W. Tremel, Nanoscale, 2017, 9, 3952
Authors: Lenoir Dieter , Schramm Karl-Werner
Published: September 2017

Detoxification of cigarette smoke employing copper compounds has the potential for the formation of dioxins.
Double-mesoporous core–shell nanosystems based on platinum nanoparticles functionalized with lanthanide complexes for in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and photothermal therapy
Authors: Zhao Lei , Ge Xiaoqian , Yan Guihua , Wang Xiao , Hu Pengfei , Shi Liyi , Wolfbeis Otto S. , Zhang Hongjie , Sun Lining
Published: September 2017

A double-mesoporous core–shell nanosystem based on Pt NPs was firstly developed using a facile strategy and displayed excellent PTT and MRI in vivo.
Phthalocyanine-based coordination polymer nanoparticles for enhanced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Huang Ziyuan , Huang Liangfeng , Huang Yanjuan , He Yuanfeng , Sun Xiaoqi , Fu Xiang , Xu Xiaoyu , Wei Gaofei , Chen Dawei , Zhao Chunshun
Published: September 2017

The constructed nanoparticles solved the aggregation, low solubility and poor selectivity of zinc phthalocyanine along with high singlet oxygen yield.
Quantum capacitance as a reagentless molecular sensing element
Authors: Bueno Paulo R. , Bedatty Fernandes Flávio C. , Davis Jason J.
Published: September 2017

The application of nanoscale capacitance as a transduction of molecular recognition relevant to molecular diagnostics is demonstrated, wherein the energy-related signal relates directly to the electron occupation of quantized states.
Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of pyrrolidine derivatives bearing heteroatom-substituted quaternary stereocenters
Authors: Wang Zhi-Peng , Wu Qi , Jiang Jia , Li Zi-Rui , Peng Xiao-Jiao , Shao Pan-Lin , He Yun
Published: September 2017

An enantioselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition of heteroatom-substituted alkenes with α-substituted isocyanoacetates has been developed. Excellent reactivity and enantioselectivity were obtained.
Asymmetric synthesis of 3-aminodihydrocoumarins via the chiral guanidine catalyzed cascade reaction of azlactones
Authors: Ruan Sai , Lin Xiaobin , Xie Lihua , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming , Liu Xiaohua
Published: September 2017

A new asymmetric preparative method of 3-aminodihydrocoumarins via reactions of azlactones and 2-nitrovinylphenols using chiral bifunctional guanidine catalysts.
The effect of hydrophobic alkyl chain length on the mechanical properties of latex particle hydrogels
Authors: Gao Yang , Duan Lijie , Guan Shuang , Gao Guanghui , Cheng Ya , Ren Xiuyan , Wang Yuanrui
Published: September 2017

The hydrogels with optimal alkyl segments reinforced by LPs exhibited the maximum fracture stress of 1.2 MPa and elongation of 2336%.
Photo-isomerization and light-modulated aggregation behavior of azobenzene-based ionic liquids in aqueous solutions
Authors: Li Zhiyong , Wang Huiyong , Chu Mengen , Guan Pengxin , Zhao Yang , Zhao Yuling , Wang Jianji
Published: September 2017

ILs with an azobenzene-group at the end of the alkyl chain could form micelles; UV/vis irradiation only changed the size of the aggregates.
An acidic pH independent piperazine–TPE AIEgen as a unique bioprobe for lysosome tracing
Authors: Cai Yuanjing , Gui Chen , Samedov Kerim , Su Huifang , Gu Xinggui , Li Shiwu , Luo Wenwen , Sung Herman H. Y. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Williams Ian D. , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: September 2017

PIP–TPE’s fluorescence turns on blue due to the large viscosity of lysosomes which restricts intramolecular motions but it red-shifts in the bulk.
Polymeric ionic liquid–ionic plastic crystal all-solid-state electrolytes for wide operating temperature range lithium metal batteries
Authors: Li Xiaowei , Zhang Zhengxi , Li Sijian , Yang Kaihua , Yang Li
Published: September 2017

Solid polymer electrolytes show flexible mechanical characters, excellent electrochemical properties, and impressive battery performance over a wide temperature range.
Half-metallic TiF3: a potential anode material for Li-ion spin batteries
Authors: Wang Junru , Li Feng , Yang Bo , Liu Xiaobiao , Zhao Mingwen
Published: September 2017

Half-metallic TiF3 can be used as a potential anode material for Li-ion spin batteries.
Earth-abundant elements doping for robust and stable solar-driven water splitting by FeOOH
Authors: Yan Junqing , Li Ping , Ji Yujin , Bian Hui , Li Youyong , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: September 2017

A β-FeOOH nanorod with a low doping content of Ni or Co was synthesized and used for the first time as a photocatalyst for water oxidation with considerable efficiency and stability.
Multi-targeting peptides for gene carriers with high transfection efficiency
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li Qian , Hao Xuefang , Ren Xiangkui , Guo Jintang , Feng Yakai , Shi Changcan
Published: September 2017

Non-viral gene carriers for gene therapy have been developed for many years.
Asymmetric Organocatalytic Cascade Synthesis of Tetrahydro­furanyl Spirooxindoles
Authors: Kanger Tõnis , Trubitsõn Dmitri , Žari Sergei , Kaabel Sandra , Kudrjashova Marina , Kriis Kadri , Järving Ivar , Pehk Tõnis
Published: September 2017

An enantio- and regioselective organocatalytic cascade starting from isatin has been disclosed to construct tetrahydrofuranyl spirooxindoles in high yields and stereoselectivities. Also, a triple cascade leading to the pentacyclic compound with two quaternary and a tertiary stereocenter is described. The reactions were catalyzed by cinchonine-based thiourea.
Heart Team: Joint Position of the Swiss Society of Cardiology and the Swiss Society of Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Pedrazzini Giovanni , Ferrari Enrico , Zellweger Michael , Genoni Michele
Published: September 2017

The Swiss Society of Cardiology (SSC) and the Swiss Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery (SSCTVS) have formulated their mutual intent of a close, patient-oriented, and expertise-based collaboration in the Heart Team Paper. The interdisciplinary dialogue between the SSC and SSCTVS reflects an attitude in decision making, which guarantees the best possible therapy for the individual patient. At the same time, it is a cornerstone of optimized process quality, placing individual interests into the background.

Evaluation of the correct indication for a treatment is indeed very challenging and almost impossible to verify retrospectively. Quality in this very important health policy process can therefore only be assured by the use of mutually recognized indications, agreed upon by all involved physicians and medical specialties, whereby the capacity of those involved in the process is not important but rather their competence.

These two medical societies recognize their responsibility and have incorporated international guidelines as well as specified regulations for Switzerland. Former competitors now form an integrative consulting team able to deliver a comprehensive evaluation for patients. Naturally, implementation rests with the individual caregiver. The Heart Team Paperof the SGK and SGHC, has defined guide boards within which the involved specialists maintain sufficient room to maneuver, and patients have certainty of receiving the best possible therapy they require.
Kontakt zum Inneren
Authors: Dörflinger Rupert
Published: September 2017

Herausforderung Empathie Ist die psychiatrische Pflege ein Ort für Empathie? Dieser – auf den ersten Blick – ungewöhnlichen Frage geht
unser Autor nach und reflektiert die Situation, die wir in der Psychiatrie vorfinden: Den pflegerischen Alltag, in dem Empathie gefordert
wird, ihren Ort in der Behandlung und die spezifische Herausforderung, die hier stattfindet.
Fehlende Information – moralisch vertretbar?
Authors: Boller Janina
Published: September 2017

Protokoll systemische Fallbesprechung Im zweiten Teil unserer Serie stellen wir Ihnen den Fall einer schwangeren, schizophrenen
Patientin vor, der das Pflegeteam emotional sehr berührt hat und der deutlich macht, wie wichtig eine gute Kommunikation zwischen
Pflegenden, Ärzten und Patienten ist. Auch hier möchten wir Sie wieder einladen, sich selbst in die verschiedenen Rollen hineinzuversetzen.
Fallen Ihnen weitere Lösungswege ein? Dann schreiben Sie uns an psych.pflegeheute@thieme.de.
Wenn der Akku leer ist
Authors: Schüllermann-Epmann Thomas , Stumpf Mareike , Schaller Sandy
Published: September 2017

Stress im Pflegeberuf Fühlen Sie sich nach Dienstschluss häufig ausgepowert? Dann geht es Ihnen wie vielen Ihrer Kollegen, die unter
den oft stressigen Arbeitsbedingungen in der Pflege leiden. Die Gefahr, dadurch auf Dauer psychisch oder physisch beeinträchtigt zu werden,
ist groß. Wir stellen Ihnen die Faktoren vor, die zu Stress am Arbeitsplatz führen können und geben Tipps, wie Sie Ihre Akkus wieder
aufladen.
Auf den Spuren der Empathie
Authors: Dörflinger Rupert
Published: September 2017

Stationen einer Diskussion Woher stammt der Begriff Empathie, wie wurde empathisches Verhalten im Lauf der Zeit erklärt und wie ist
die aktuelle Diskussionslage? Unser Autor hat sich auf die Spuren des Phänomens Empathie begeben und gibt Einblicke in Fragestellungen der
Philosophie, Psychologie und Neurobiologie. Den Anfang macht die Einfühlung in Gegenstände und Formen.
Komposite im werkstoffkundlichen Vergleich – Hinweise für den Praktiker
Authors: Neubauer Johannes , Rzanny Angelika , Göbel Roland , Fachet Mario , Küpper Harald
Published: September 2017

Ziel der Arbeit war es, werkstoffkundliche Eigenschaften aktueller nanotechnologisch optimierter Komposite vergleichend zu untersuchen. Dabei wurden in vitro Biegefestigkeit und Elastizitätsmodul, Härte, Verfärbungsneigung, Abrasionsfestigkeit, Wasseraufnahme, Polymerisationsschrumpfung, Durchhärtetiefe und Röntgenopazität bestimmt. Es zeigte sich ein qualitativ hohes Niveau aller Komposite. Jedoch ergaben sich teilweise große Unterschiede zwischen einzelnen Produkten. Daraus schlussfolgernd ist eine gewissenhafte Materialauswahl zu treffen, um langlebige und ästhetisch ansprechende Restaurationen zu garantieren.
Reproducibility (Reliability and Agreement) of Post-exercise Hypotension
Authors: Fecchio Rafael , Chehuen Marcel , Brito Leandro , Peçanha Tiago , Queiroz Andréia , de Moraes Forjaz Claudia
Published: September 2017

This study determined the reproducibility of post-exercise hypotension (PEH) calculated by the following methods: PEH_I=post-exercise BP − pre-exercise BP; PEH_II=post-exercise BP − post-control BP; and PEH_III=[(post-exercise BP − pre-exercise BP)−(post-control BP − pre-control BP)]. Twenty-five participants underwent four sessions divided in two blocks (test and retest). Each block consisted of one exercise and one control session. BP pressure was measured before and after the interventions. The presence of systematic error (paired t-tests), reliability [intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC)], and agreement [typical error (TE) and minimal detectable difference (MDD)] were evaluated. PEHs calculated by the three methods were similar between test and retest. For systolic PEH, ICC was>0.74, TE ranged from 2.6 to 4.6 mmHg and MDD from 7.2 to 12.8 mmHg for the three methods. For diastolic PEH, ICC was<0.48, TE ranged from 3.5 to 5.6 mmHg and MDD from 9.8 to 15.4 mmHg for the three methods. Thus, systolic PEH calculated by the three methods has good/excellent reliability, while diastolic PEH has fair/poor reliability. Regarding agreement, TE and MDD varied among the methods, which implies that the specific parameters given for each method should be used to estimate sample sizes for studies and the minimal individual difference considered real when comparing PEHs.
Impairment of GH/IGF-1 Axis in the Liver of Patients with HCV-Related Chronic Hepatitis
Authors: Carotti Simone , Guarino Michele , Valentini Francesco , Porzio Silvio , Vespasiani-Gentilucci Umberto , Perrone Giuseppe , Zingariello Maria , Gallo Paolo , Cicala Michele , Picardi Antonio , Morini Sergio
Published: September 2017

Resistance to the action of growth hormone (GH) frequently complicates liver cirrhosis, while, physiologically, the activation of GH receptor (GHR) determines phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-5 and the consequent induction of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) expression. The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 negatively regulates this intracellular cascade. We aimed to evaluate the hepatic expression of the GH/IGF-1 axis components in the liver of patients with HCV-related chronic hepatitis at different fibrosis stages. The expression of GH/IGF-1 axis components, such as GHR, IGF-1, STAT5-p, and SOCS-3, was assessed by immunohistochemistry at the lobular level in 61 patients with HCV-related hepatitis. At the hepatocyte level, IGF-1 and nuclear STAT5-p positivity scores showed negative correlations with fibrosis stage, while SOCS-3 score a positive one (p<0.05 for all). Furthermore, the reduction of hepatocyte score of IGF-1 expression was associated with the serological parameters of liver damage (p<0.05) and with the increase of the score of IGF-1 expression by hepatic stellate cells (p<0.05). IGF-1 expression by hepatocytes was reduced with fibrosis progression, probably due to the impairment of GHR intracellular cascade by the SOCS-3 activation already in pre-cirrhotic stages. The inverse correlation between IGF-1 expressed by hepatocytes and by hepatic stellate cells suggests that IGF-1 may exert specific functions in different hepatic cells.
Triclinic–monoclinic–orthorhombic (T–M–O) structural transitions in phase diagram of FeVO4-CrVO4 solid solutions
Authors: Bera Ganesh , Reddy V. R. , Rambabu P. , Mal P. , Das Pradip , Mohapatra N. , Padmaja G. , Turpu G. R.
Published: September 2017

Phase diagram of FeVO4-CrVO4 solid solutions pertinent with structural and magnetic phases is presented with unambiguous experimental evidences. Solid solutions Fe1–xCrxVO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) were synthesized through the standard solid state route and studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectra of X-rays, Raman spectroscopy, d.c. magnetization, and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic studies. FeVO4 and CrVO4 were found to be in triclinic (P-1 space group) and orthorhombic structures (Cmcm space group), respectively. Cr incorporation into the FeVO4 lattice leads to the emergence of a new monoclinic phase dissimilar to the both end members of the solid solutions. In Fe1–xCrxVO4 up to x = 0.10, no discernible changes in the triclinic structure were found. A new structural monoclinic phase (C2/m space group) emerges within the triclinic phase at x = 0.125, and with the increase in Cr content, it gets stabilized with clear single phase signatures in the range of x = 0.175–0.25 as evidenced by the Rietveld analysis of the structures. Beyond x = 0.33, orthorhombic phase similar to CrVO4 (Cmcm space group) emerges and coexists with a monoclinic structure up to x = 0.85, which finally tends to stabilize in the range of x = 0.90–1.00. The Raman spectroscopic studies also confirm the structural transition. FeVO4 Raman spectra show the modes related to three nonequivalent V ions in the triclinic structure, where up to 42 Raman modes are observed in the present study. With the stabilization of structures having higher symmetry, the number of Raman modes decreases and the modes related to symmetry inequivalent sites collate into singular modes from the doublet structure. A systematic crossover from two magnetic transitions in FeVO4, at 21.5 K and 15.4 K to single magnetic transition in CrVO4, at 71 K (antiferromagnetic transition), is observed in magnetization studies. The intermediate solid solution with x = 0.15 shows two magnetic transitions, whereas in the compound with x = 0.33 one of the magnetic transitions disappears. 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic studies show a finger print evidence for disappearance of non-equivalent sites of Fe as the structure changes from Triclinic–Monoclinic–Orthorhombic phases with the increasing Cr content in Fe1–xCrxVO4. Comprehensive studies related to the structural changes in Fe1–xCrxVO4 solid solutions lead us to detailed phase diagrams which shall be characteristic for room temperature structural and temperature dependent magnetic transitions in these solid solutions, respectively.
Sensitized photoluminescence of erbium silicate synthesized on porous silicon framework
Authors: Shen Hao , Xu Lingbo , Li Dongsheng , Yang Deren
Published: September 2017

Er silicate/porous silicon (PS) composites with effective sensitized erbium emission at 1.53 μm have been synthesized on the PS framework. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction reveal that the PS is coated by Er silicate in composites. Indirect excitation of Er3+ ion luminescence via energy transfer from PS is confirmed. The temperature dependence of Er-related photoluminescence intensity and lifetime is investigated, which concludes a phonon-mediated energy transfer process. The combination of the PS framework and Er silicate provides a possible strategy for practical silicon-based light sources.
Instability of a binary liquid film flowing down a slippery heated plate
Authors: Ellaban E. , Pascal J. P. , D’Alessio S. J. D.
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we study the stability of a binary liquid film flowing down a heated slippery inclined surface. It is assumed that the heating induces concentration differences in the liquid mixture (Soret effect), which together with the differences in temperature affects the surface tension. A mathematical model is constructed by coupling the Navier-Stokes equations governing the flow with equations for the concentration and temperature. A Navier slip condition is applied at the liquid-solid interface. We carry out a linear stability analysis in order to obtain the critical conditions for the onset of instability. We use a Chebyshev spectral collocation method to obtain numerical solutions to the resulting Orr-Sommerfeld-type equations. We also obtain an asymptotic solution that yields an expression for the state of neutral stability of long perturbations as a function of the parameters controlling the problem. A weighted residual approximation is employed to derive a reduced model that is used to analyse the nonlinear effects. Good agreement between the linear stability analysis and nonlinear simulations provided by the weighted residual model is found.
A rate-dependent hybrid phase field model for dynamic crack propagation
Authors: Doan Duc Hong , Bui Tinh Quoc , Van Do Thom , Duc Nguyen Dinh
Published: September 2017

Several models of variational phase field for fracture have been introduced and analyzed to different degrees of applications, and the rate-independent phase field approach has been shown to be a versatile one, but it is not able to accurately capture crack velocity and dissipated energy in dynamic crack propagation. In this paper, we introduce a novel rate-dependent regularized phase field approach to study dynamic fracture behaviors of polymethylmethacrylate materials, in which the rate coefficient is estimated through energy balance, i.e., dynamics release energy, cohesive energy and dissipated energy. The mode-I dynamics crack problem is considered, and its accuracy is validated with respect to experimental data [F. Zhou, Ph.D. dissertation (The University of Tokyo, Japan, 1996)] and other numerical methods, taking the same configuration, material property, crack location, and other relevant assumptions. The results shed light on the requirement and need for taking the rate-dependent coefficient in dynamic fracture analysis.
The effect of permeability on the flow past permeable disks at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Cummins Cathal , Viola Ignazio Maria , Mastropaolo Enrico , Nakayama Naomi
Published: September 2017

The viscous flow over a thick permeable circular disk in the Reynolds number (Re) range of 10 to 130 and in the Darcy number (Da) range of 10−9 to 1 is examined. Direct numerical simulations are performed on a 2D grid with axisymmetric boundary conditions. Three flow regimes are observed: I, II, and III. In regime I (effectively impervious; Da<10−6), the wake is characterized by the presence of a toroidal vortex whose length is approximately equal to that of an impervious disk. In regime II (transition; 10−6<Da<10−3), the increase in Da causes the vortex to shorten and move downstream and eventually vanishes at a critical Darcy number Dac. Regime III (Da>10−3) is the highly permeable regime, in which there is no recirculation. In I, good agreement with existing experimental data for impervious disks is found. In III, an analytical expression for the drag force on the disk is derived, showing good agreement with the numerical results. A global upper limit of Dac=Damax above which the disk is unable to maintain a recirculating wake for any Re is identified. Finally, in regime II, it is demonstrated that increasing the permeability can lead to large variations in the length of the recirculating wake but with minimal effect on the drag coefficient even when Da>Damax. This has important implications in our understanding of the locomotive strategies adopted by organisms that use porous bodies for movement.
Novel criteria for the development of monotonic and oscillatory instabilities in a two-layer film
Authors: Nepomnyashchy A. A. , Simanovskii I. B.
Published: September 2017

The development of the Marangoni instability in a two-layer film in the presence of a transverse temperature gradient and a heat source/sink at the liquid-liquid interface is investigated. The problem is solved by means of a linear stability theory and nonlinear simulations. Novel criteria for the development of monotonic and oscillatory instabilities have been formulated. It has been found that the nonlinear development of a monotonic instability leads to a rupture of the bottom layer or the top layer. Numerous types of nonlinear film evolution have been observed in the case of an oscillatory instability, among them alternating roll patterns of different scales and orientations, temporally non-periodic motions, and the rupture of either layer.
A large-strain, fast-response, and easy-to-manufacture electrothermal actuator based on laser-reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Zhang Tian-Yu , Wang Qian , Deng Ning-Qin , Zhao Hai-Ming , Wang Dan-Yang , Yang Zhen , Liu Ying , Yang Yi , Ren Tian-Ling
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we have developed a high-performance graphene electrothermal actuator (ETA). The fabrication method is easy, fast, environmentally friendly, and suitable for preparing both large-size and miniature graphene ETAs. When applied with the driving voltage of 65 V, the graphene ETA achieves a large bending angle of 270° with a fast response of 8 s and the recovery process costs 19 s. The large bending deformation is reversible and can be precisely controlled by the driving voltage. A simple robotic hand prepared by using a single graphene ETA can hold the object, which is more than ten times the weight of itself. By virtue of its large-strain, fast response, and easy-to-manufacture, we believe that the graphene ETA has tremendous potential in extensive applications involving biomimetic robotics, artificial muscles, switches, and microsensors in both macroscopic and microscopic fields.
The expanding applications and untapped potential of differential dynamic microscopy
Authors: Cockbill Louisa
Published: September 2017

Two scientists review differential dynamic microscopy research, comparing with other optical techniques and looking at recent groundbreaking applications.
Leader metaphors in Ekegusii language
Authors: Onchoke Aunga Solomon , Wen Xu
Published: September 2017

This is a cognitive linguistic study of a cultural-specific metaphor of a leader in Ekegusii, an African Bantu language in Kenya. A descriptive research design was used whereby the natives were asked to identify and explain the Ekegusii leader metaphorical terms and phrases, describe the social cultural values and to account for the cognitive mapping processes involved. The data collected were analyzed using the Cognitive Metaphor Theory (CMT) ofLakoff and Johnson (1980). The results show that a leader in Ekegusii is conceptualized as a plant, animal, object or the behavior the leader exhibits (also act as X domains). It was also found out that context, values, attitude of the speaker and cultural knowledge play a major role in interpreting and understanding Ekegusii leader metaphors. The study concludes by suggesting further research of metaphors in African and other languages to enable comparisons.
Compiling a cognition-based thematic monolingual lexicon
Authors: Abdelzaher Esra’ Moustafa
Published: September 2017

This study falls within the scope of cognitive lexicography which uses cognitive linguistic theories in lexicographic practice. The main objective of the study is to create a cognition-based monolingual thematic lexicon. The lexicon tests the validity of using cognitive linguistics, which uses language to reveal the human perception of a concept, in defining controversial multidisciplinary concepts. To that end, violence is selected as a case study and FrameNet is recruited as a cognitive linguistic resource. Cambridge Smart Thesaurus and WordNet are used as secondary resources to FrameNet. English TenTen corpus is employed to authenticate the findings before placing them in the lexicon. A twelve-frame lexicon is the result of the study. The constructed lexicon linguistically includes more than 250 violence-expressing word senses, defined and placed within their violence-associated frames. Some frames are cited from FrameNet without modification, while others are conceptually and linguistically modified. More important, some violence-specific frames are newly-reported. Evidently, studying how physical violence is linguistically expressed displays how the concept is structured in the human cognition. Thus, an empirical cognition-based definition of violence is suggested. This meets the challenge of the multiple sociological, psychological, political and criminological definitions. Moreover, a comprehensive definition of violence is recommended to include both its associated frames and expressing words.
Organisational change, ideologies and mega discourses
Authors: Huang Vincent Guangsheng
Published: September 2017

Mega discourses, as discourses recognised and espoused at the broader societal level, enact the taken-for-granted premises governing an organisational sector. The dominant power can designate the value, norm and moral duty of an organisational sector through manipulating such mega discourses. Conceptualised within critical discourse studies and Chinese discourse studies, this article assesses the official discourse of China’s third sector circulating in the policy documents, political speeches, and news media, illustrating how China’s authoritarian state utilises discursive strategies to articulate a new order of discourse of the third sector. It argues that such an alternative discursive ordering is significantly different from its western counterpart. The authoritarian state has strategically appropriated historical and cultural resources to legitimise such a “de-SMOisation” process, intending to insulate nongovernmental organisations from social movements. This study concludes with a discussion on the significance and implications of this third sector discourse.