bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIOSCAN - Revealing Eukaryote Diversity, Dynamics, and Interactions
Authors: Hobern Donald , Hebert Paul
Published: June 2019

Between 2010 and 2015, the International Barcode of Life (iBOL) consortium successfully completed the BARCODE 500K project, a $125 million effort that delivered DNA barcode coverage for 500,000 species. BIOSCAN is a seven-year program (2019-2025) that builds on this foundation, expanding coverage of the barcode reference library to two million species and operationalising metabarcoding for eukaryote communities globally. BIOSCAN will scan species assemblages from at least 2,500 ecosystems and will codify species interactions for at least 2,500 sites.

DNA barcoding is a well-established approach for rapid, cost-effective species diagnosis, with many applications in support of taxonomy, biosecurity, conservation, and monitoring. Uptake has been particularly significant in hyperdiverse invertebrate groups where morphological approaches to species identification are often limiting (because of the scale of diversity and the small number of expert taxonomists) or inapplicable (for example in associating individuals from different life stages). The barcode reference library maintained as BOLD Systems by the Centre for Biodiversity Genomics in Guelph, Ontario is a significant biodiversity informatics infrastructure for bridging genomics and classical taxonomy, collections research, and field surveys. Effort across multiple years in Canada has delivered a library of reference sequences for the COI mitochondrial barcode that covers most of the known insect fauna for the country, enabling a comprehensive assessment of Canadian arthropod diversity (Hebert et al. 2016, Langor and Sheffield 2019).

The Global Malaise Trap Program is expanding lessons learned in Canada to support species inventories in new regions such as Kruger National Park in South Africa. As DNA barcode libraries approach completeness for any site, analysis can employ metabarcoding to lower costs significantly for monitoring programs that track changes in species composition. Data from this program, and from barcode-based exploration in other regions, will greatly expand the fraction of biodiversity that can be monitored and compared over time and space. GBIF has collected more than one billion species records, but around 60% of these are for birds, with another 25% for vascular plants. Metabarcoding offers the opportunity for a wider selection of taxa to be included in global data sets and in support of local conservation and planning.

The BIOSCAN program, launched by iBOL in 2019, seeks to operationalise DNA barcoding at the global scale for development of species inventories and preliminary exploration of undescribed diversity, for surveying community composition across the world's ecosystems, and codifying species interactions (the symbiome). BIOSCAN will exploit the latest advances in sequencing platforms to lower costs, increase precision, and accelerate processing of samples, to speed the uptake of DNA barcoding for protecting life on Earth.
Forewarned is forearmed: harmonized approaches for early detection of potentially invasive pests and pathogens in sentinel plantings
Authors: Morales-Rodríguez Carmen , Anslan Sten , Auger-Rozenberg Marie-Anne , Augustin Sylvie , Baranchikov Yuri , Bellahirech Amani , Burokienė Daiva , Čepukoit Dovilė , Çota Ejup , Davydenko Kateryna , Doğmuş Lehtijärvi H. Tuğba , Drenkhan Rein , Drenkhan Tiia , Eschen René , Franić Iva , Glavendekić Milka , de Groot Maarten , Kacprzyk Magdalena , Kenis Marc , Kirichenko Natalia , Matsiakh Iryna , Musolin Dmitry L. , Nowakowska Justyna A. , O’Hanlon Richard , Prospero Simone , Roques Alain , Santini Alberto , Talgø  Venche , Tedersoo Leho , Uimari Anne , Vannini Andrea , Witzell Johanna , Woodward Steve , Zambounis Antonios , Cleary Michelle
Published: June 2019

The number of invasive alien pest and pathogen species affecting ecosystem functioning, human health and economies has increased dramatically over the last decades. Discoveries of invasive pests and pathogens previously unknown to science or with unknown host associations yet damaging on novel hosts highlights the necessity of developing novel tools to predict their appearance in hitherto naïve environments. The use of sentinel plant systems is a promising tool to improve the detection of pests and pathogens before introduction and to provide valuable information for the development of preventative measures to minimize economic or environmental impacts. Though sentinel plantings have been established and studied during the last decade, there still remains a great need for guidance on which tools and protocols to put into practice in order to make assessments accurate and reliable. The sampling and diagnostic protocols chosen should enable as much information as possible about potential damaging agents and species identification. Consistency and comparison of results are based on the adoption of common procedures for sampling design and sample processing. In this paper, we suggest harmonized procedures that should be used in sentinel planting surveys for effective sampling and identification of potential pests and pathogens. We also review the benefits and limitations of various diagnostic methods for early detection in sentinel systems, and the feasibility of the results obtained supporting National Plant Protection Organizations in pest and commodity risk analysis.
Impatiens jenjittikuliae (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Thailand
Authors: Ruchisansakun Saroj , Suksathan Piyakaset
Published: June 2019

Impatiensjenjittikuliae Ruchis. & Suksathan, a new species from a limestone area in Thasongyang District, Tak Province, Northern Thailand, is described and illustrated. This endemic new species is distinguished from the most similar, I.lacei Hook.f. through having pilose lateral sepals vs glabrous, and by the absence of long hairs along the lamina margin. Its pollen and seed morphology, stem anatomy, and pollination ecology are also observed. Furthermore, its conservation status as Critically Endangered is also assessed.
Thismia domei and T. terengganuensis (Thismiaceae), two new species, and T. javanica, a new record from Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Siti Munirah Mat Yunoh , Zakaria Suzairi-Dome
Published: June 2019

Two new species of the mycoheterotrophic genus Thismia Griff. (Thismiaceae), Thismiadomei Siti-Munirah and T.terengganuensis Siti-Munirah from Peninsular Malaysia, are described and illustrated. Thismiadomei, characterized by its perianth lobes that are upright and curve inward, but are imperfectly connate, falls within sectionOdoardoa. Thismiaterengganuensis is characterized by its mitre with three appendages on its apex, so falls within sectionGeomitra. Both new species are unique and totally different from other described species, T.domei by the trichomes on its outer perianth tube surface and T.terengganuensis by its mitre with slender appendages. Thismiajavanica J.J.Sm, also from Terengganu, is a new record for Peninsular Malaysia.
A comprehensive insight into Lean management: Literature review and trends
Authors: Sinha Neena , Matharu Misha
Published: June 2019

Purpose: Lean Management has evolved into an inter-disciplinary subject with linkages to Operations Management, Organizational Behaviour, and Strategic Management. The objective of this paper is to review journal articles on lean published in major academic sources with a view to  provide taxonomy of the field of lean management facilitating identification of the pertinent themes that exists in literature, while presenting an overview of the main definitions, chronological evolution, diffusion among developed and emerging economiesDesign/methodology/approach: A review of literature has been conducted which includes 447 research articles in 51 Journals from Academic sources: Emerald Insight, T&F and Science Direct with main focus on lean management.Findings: An analysis of the surveyed literature brings to light an exponential increase in number of papers in the last 3 decades. The paper conducted study of lean in 3 phases i.e. Pre 2001, 2001-2010, Post 2010; enabling the study of maturity of lean. Observation regarding diffusion of lean globally reveals that lean has been adopted by both developed and emerging economies with noteworthy tilt towards its adoption in Asian countries in the recent past whereas initially it was confined to developed countries. New themes that have emerged such as Industry 4.0 and sustainability in the context of lean have been identified.Research limitations/implications: The aim of the paper is succinct representation of the current status and facilitating future research in the field.Originality/value: The present business environment with its rapid changes in market, rise in its economic, technical, and socio-psychological complexities has paved way for acceptance of lean as an operating strategy in a pervasive manner. The present study extends efforts of previous studies to analyse diffusion of lean globally, themes that have emerged and also includes more contemporary research with focus on its spread to emerging economies.
El mundo funerario prerromano en el sur de Portugal (siglos V/IV – II a. n. e.): (pocos) datos y (algunos) problemas
Authors: Gomes Francisco B.
Published: June 2019

Los datos sobre las prácticas funerarias en la II Edad del Hierro del sur de Portugal son escasos y muy fragmentarios. Sin embargo, las evidencias de las pocas necrópolis conocidas se han utilizado en la construcción de modelos lineares de difusión cultural que hoy por hoy no pueden seguir sosteniéndose. Un repaso actualizado por la documentación disponible permite comprender que, a pesar de ser menos diverso que el de la I Edad del Hierro, el registro funerario prerromano evidencia una trama compleja de relaciones transregionales en las que la continuidad de las relaciones con el ámbito meridional y mediterráneo sigue teniendo un peso determinante.
Technology as an Emerging Educational Tool for Tourism Information Sourcing: A Content Analysis 2006 to 2018
Authors: Chuchu Tinashe
Published: June 2019

Emerging technologies present an increasing assortment of approaches to support and enrich learning environments. The purpose of this study was there-fore to investigate the impact of technology as an educational tool for tourism in-formation. Based on content analysis a total of 22 studies on technology and tourism published over a 12 year period from 2006 and 2018 were examined, systematically presented and discussed. The presented study was qualitative in nature. It highlighted the extent to which travellers have embraced technology for tourism information searches and sources. Recurring trends based on review of literature were identified. Two main themes were observed, first, being technolo-gy in tourism education and second, being the use of user-generated content in tourism. In conclusion it can be established that learning about travel and tourism through social media was not only for travellers who depend on tourism information but also tourism companies who depend on traveller re-views and marketing promotions for their facilities.
In-Market vs. Cross-Border Merging: The Impact of Merger Policy
Authors: Zogheib Jean-Marc
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we study how merger policy affects the choice between domestic and cross-border merger. We build a model where a firm chooses between these two types of mergers. While a domestic merger will be refused if it is anticompetitive, a cross-border merger has an uncertain ex-post profitability. We first study this tradeoff in a scenario where, after a non-profitable cross-border merger, exiting the foreign market through another merger is not possible. In this case, a more lenient merger policy discourages cross-border mergers relative to domestic mergers. However, if it is possible to exit through a domestic merger, this tradeoff is altered, as a more lenient merger policy lowers barriers to exit, thereby increasing the profitability of a cross-border merger.JEL classification: L22, L40, D21, G34.
Electrochemical Frequency Modulation and Reactivation Investigation of Thioglycolurils in Strong Acid Medium
Authors: Berdimurodov Elyor , Akbarov Khamdam , Kholikov Abduvali
Published: June 2019

The Electrochemical frequency modulation and Reactivation investigation results have shown that the anticorrosion inhibitors of 3a,6a- bistolylthioglycoluril, 4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-bistolylimidazolidine-2-thione and 5,5-bistolyl-2-thione-4-imidazolidone maximally reduced H+impacts on metal surface so these inhibitors have decreased the degree of sensitization to intergranular stress corrosion cracking on N80 steel surface.
Examination of Microstructure of Cement Composite Material for Renovation of Horizontal Structures
Authors: Mészárosová Lenka , Cerny Vít , Drochytka Rostislav , Malorny Winfried
Published: June 2019

Development of new material is focused on modification of properties of materials with silicate binder so that these could be used for renovation of horizontal structures of high-temperature devices and at the same time contribute to reduction of heat transportation of constructions with higher surface temperature (in this case 200 and 500 °C). Main requirements for this material is low volume weight and low coefficient of thermal conductivity. This paper assesses influence of exposition to higher temperatures on microstructure.
Several Comments on Bearing Capacities of Selected Parts of Enclosure Walls from the Broumov Region
Authors: Kuklík Pavel , Gajjar Pratik , Scacco Jacopo , Valek Martin
Published: June 2019

The Broumov group of churches was designed for the governing Benedictine abbey of St. Wenceslaw in Broumov by the famous Dientzenhofer family of architects, which helped define the Bohemian baroque style in the early 18th century. The paper shows numerical estimation of the bearing capacity. For the analysis were chosen the parts of enclosure walls from the selected Broumov Churches. The study summarizes the visual investigation and structural investigation using ATENA 2D software, to assess and verify the safety of the church walls regarding to the damages which currently suffers.
Alkaline Aluminosilicate Binder-Based Adhesives with Increased Fire Resistance for Structural Timber Elements
Authors: Kryvenko Pavlo V. , Guzii Sergii G. , Bondarenko Olga P.
Published: June 2019

The paper presents data on the use of the alkaline aluminosilicate binder-based adhesive of the system Na2O•Al2O3•(4-6)SiO2•(17-20)H2O for gluing and fire protection of structural timber elements. The results of the study of thermoresistant phases in the reaction products of the alkaline aluminosilicates are reported and discussed. The results allowed to show that at SiO2/Al2O3 between 5 and 6 the zeolite-like phases of heulandite types, which, under action of temperatures, are able to form a porous aluminosilicate artificial stone with low thermal conductivity (λ=0.09 Wt/m•К, DSTU B V.2.7-105-2000 (GOST 7076-99)) are formed in the reaction products. The use of the developed aluminosilicate adhesives allow for to classify the structural timber elements as hardly burnable and hardly flammable materials (GOST 12.1.044-1989, EN 13823 + A1: 2014-12, ASTM E119-07). They have the following characteristics: water resistance D3 (EN 204:2001), resistance in splitting up 7.8 MPa (GOST 16483.5-1973), adhesion in normal pull-off test up to 2.6 MPa (GOST 32299-2013 (ISO 4624:2002)).
Modification of Masonry Mortar and Structure of Ceramic Bricks to Reduce Efflorescence
Authors: Yakovlev Grigory Ivanovich , Ginchitskaia Iuliia , Grakhov Valery , Pervushin Grigory Nikolaevich , Polyanskikh Irina Sergeevna , Drochytka Rostislav , Buryanov Аleksandr F. , Khaseev Damir , Saidova Zarina
Published: June 2019

At present, efflorescence formation on the surface of brickwork is a problem for many buildings under construction and those already built. Efflorescence not only spoil the external appearance of the facades, but in rare cases can even lead to peeling of the brick and reducing its durability. The conducted researches show that in most cases efflorescence on the facades of buildings under construction is formed by sodium sulfate and calcium carbonate. Sources of these salts are masonry cement mortars with plasticizing additives containing sodium salts. In this case, the porous structure of bricks contributes to its water saturation and the migration of soluble salts, leading to the formation of efflorescence on the masonry surface. This article suggests the criteria for selecting mortar composition that excludes the appearance of soluble salts, and introduces results of the research on the resistance of ceramic bricks modified with multilayer carbon nanotubes to salt corrosion.
Development of New Adhesives with Share of Secondary Raw Materials for Depositing of Non-Absorbent Facing Elements in Aggressive Environments
Authors: Melichar Jindřich , Hodul Jakub , Bergerová Kamila , Drochytka Rostislav
Published: June 2019

The main focus of this paper is research and development of new adhesive materials which will be possible to apply and withstand conditions of environments with exposure to aggressive chemical compounds. These new materials will also be required to withstand high temperatures up to 100°C. Main application of developed adhesives will be during laying of non-absorbent tiles mainly made from cast basalt. Several secondary raw materials were considered during the development of new adhesive mixtures as possible replacement of silicate filler components of new materials. The goal is to develop a new adhesive material with properties as close as possible to the highly durable non-absorbent elements used in stressed environments, mainly because the material will be also used for pointing between individual elements.
Carrier Flotation: State of the Art and its Potential for the Separation of Fine and Ultrafine Mineral Particles
Authors: Eckert Kerstin , Schach Edgar , Gerbeth Gunter , Rudolph Martin
Published: June 2019

Critical raw materials (CRMs) are of primary importance for energy storage systems as needed for electromobility. Many mineral deposits which contain CRMs are low-grade ores. To liberate the CRMs, a grinding of the mineral ores to very fine sizes below 20 µm particle size is necessary. However, the present class of industrial flotation plants fail to extract such fine and ultrafine particles. To improve the recovery in fine particle flotation, techniques have been developed which attempt to agglomerate the fine valuable particles into larger aggregates which subsequently can be separated by established technologies such as froth flotation. Carrier flotation is one of these techniques. The present work reviews the state of the art of this technique for the recovery of fines and ultrafines.
Corrosion of Carbon Free and Bonded Refractories for Application in Steel Ingot Casting: An Approach for Improving Steel Quality
Authors: Fruhstorfer Jens , Hubálková Jana , Leißner Thomas , Peuker Urs A. , Aneziris Christos G.
Published: June 2019

Impurities and resulting inclusions are an issue when processing higher amounts of scrap during steel making. To increase the recycling rate, the removal of impurities from the scrap in form of inclusions is of great interest. In previous studies was found that inclusions attach primarily on carbon containing refractories, especially if on their surface an interfacial layer (1–3 µm thickness) was formed in-situ. This study investigates the formation mechanism of this in-situ layer in detail by application of computer tomography (CT) measurements on two scales. The large scale CT scans visualized the general appearance whereas the small scale measurement regarded the in-situ formed layer and the attached inclusions in detail. Based on these measurements, previous results and a literature review it was concluded that the layer formed mainly due to carbothermally reduced impurities which moved to the decarburized surface of the refractory in gaseous form and enhanced sintering of the surface region to develop the layer.
Synthesis of High Performance Geopolymers by Wet Milling of Blast Furnace Slags
Authors: Peuker Urs A.
Published: June 2019

Since more than 100 years blast furnace slags are used as additive material or substitute material in cementitious systems like mortar and concrete. Due to their different syntheses the slag systems have binding properties which differ from conventional clinker. With the help of mechanical activation due to fine grinding the properties of blast furnace slags are shifted towards clinker systems. The application of stirred media mills allow for a production of a very fine reactive system.
Copper Availability from the Recycling of Electric Vehicles in Europe, North America and China: A Model Based Estimation until 2050
Authors: Soulier Marcel , Goldmann Daniel
Published: June 2019

The expected increase in electric mobility is accompanied by an additional demand for copper, which is needed for the electric drivetrain consisting of the electric motor and auxiliary components. Key of the presented work is a simulation model to assess the implications of this additional copper demand on stocks and scrap flows of copper in the EU28, North America and China until the year 2050. The calculation results indicate that in the mid 2030s the copper used for electric vehicles starts having a considerable influence on both stocks and scrap flows. With 3 million tonnes of additional copper scrap in 2050, scrap from electric vehicles accounts for ~17% of China's total copper scrap. In absolute terms, this scrap flow is five times higher than the corresponding flows in Europe and North America. Therefore, China seems to be particularly promising as a location for recyclers and (secondary) copper smelters to expand their businesses.
Recycling of Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries: Future Prospects and Research Needs
Authors: Elwert Tobias , Hua Qing Song , Schneider Kirstin
Published: June 2019

Since the first synthesis of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) as active cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIB) in 1996, it has gained a considerable market share and further growth is expected. Main applications are the fast-growing sectors electromobility and to a lesser extend stationary energy storage. Despite increasing return flows, so far, little emphasis has been put on the recycling of LFP batteries due to the low content of high-value metals. In this study, current developments in the LFP battery market are presented. Furthermore, recycling processes for LIBs are reviewed and their applicability for LFP batteries is assessed. Currently, China is the main market for LFP batteries and rapidly increasing return flows are observed. In Europe and the USA, other battery chemistries are predominant. For LFP battery recycling, individually adaptable processes based on mechanical treatment of the cells followed by hydrometallurgical processing of the active cathode material seem to be the most promising approach. However, at present, these processes are only available at pilot scale, the profitability and their environmental performance are questionable. Therefore, further research addressing these challenges is urgently needed.
Integrated Direct Carbonation Process for Lithium Recovery from Primary and Secondary Resources
Authors: Bertau Martin , Martin Gunther
Published: June 2019

In view of the increasing demand for lithium and the unequal distribution of lithium deposits worldwide, local deposits such as the zinnwaldite deposit at Zinnwald/Cínovec are increasingly coming into focus. It could be shown that especially the direct carbonation process with supercritical CO2 represents a promising approach for a technical implementation due to the low chemical consumption as well as the high selectivity for lithium. Moreover, besides primary ore (zinnwaldite), the method is also suitable for recovering lithium carbonate from black mass, the lithium-containing fraction from lithium ion battery recycling.
Natural history of Corythucha juglandis and Gargaphia tiliae (Hemiptera: Tingidae) in Ontario and Québec, Canada
Authors: Javahery M.
Published: June 2019

The natural history ofCorythucha juglandis(Fitch) andGargaphia tiliae(Walsh) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) was studied in Ontario and Québec, Canada. These univoltine species overwinter as adults in leaf litter in a state of reproductive diapause and become active in April or May. They are specific to their host plants. Adults, eggs, and nymphs of both species were collected from the underside of leaves of host plants. The reproductive systems of both male and female, as well as eggs, nymphs, and operculum of the eggs of the two species, are described and illustrated. Fecundity, incubation period, development of nymphs, feeding, mating, and oviposition were studied. Mating was end-to-end at an angle of 35–40°. The reproductive potential, oviposition pattern, and site selection in the two species were investigated. Parental care of eggs and brood ofG. tiliaeis also reported and illustrated. Ocelli, true spermathecae, true egg micropyles, and true egg burster are absent in the two species. Fertilisation takes place before chorion formation. Adults, nymphs, and new generation aggregate on the underside of leaves of their host or nearby deciduous plants. In October they fly a short distance to overwintering sites within leaf litter.
Effects of temperature on instar number and larval development in the endangered longhorn beetle Callipogon relictus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) raised on an artificial diet
Authors: Yi Dae-Am , Kuprin Alexander V. , Bae Yeon Jae
Published: June 2019

Callipogon relictusSemenov (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is currently listed in the Red Data Books (Category I) of Russia and South Korea and, in 2006, was designated by the South Korean government as the first invertebrate priority target species in a restoration project. However, the species is also classified as an invasive quarantine pest by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Due to the five-year to seven-year life cycle of the species, experimental information about instar numbers has been poorly documented. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to document the instar numbers of non-diapauseCallipogon relictuslarvae reared on an artificial diet. Under conditions of 30 °C, 60% relative humidity, and constant dark (0:24 hour light-dark photoperiod), developmental pathways of 8, 10, and 12 instars were observed. The effect of temperature (20, 25, and 30 °C) on the duration of larval development was also examined to identify the optimum temperature for producingCallipogon relictusfor conservational purposes. Larvae reared at 30 °C and 60% relative humidity, without a chill period, developed in seven to eight months, which is about one-tenth the duration ofC. relictusdevelopment under natural conditions and the most rapid development ofC. relictusobserved to date.
Performance of intumescent coatings in cone calorimeter and open pool fires
Authors: Singh Saket , Shivani Sumit , Siddapureddy Sudheer , Prabhu Siddini Venkatesh
Published: June 2019

Accidental fire is a major concern in terms of safety of infrastructures and human lives. With the technological advancement, several novel methods are developed for minimizing the damages caused by the fire. One of the methods is to paint the base metals/ material with fire retardant coatings which can increase the lead time so that economic destruction and loss of human lives can be avoided. In this work, the performance of the intumescent coating (passive type fire retardant coatings) is studied with the help of cone calorimeter and open pool diesel fire as sources of heat. The transient temperature distribution for bare Stainless Steel 310 plate suggests that the cone calorimeter experiments alone cannot suffice for mimicking real life conditions. Comparison of the behavior of the available paints in cone calorimeter and open pool fire confirms that the performance of intumescent coatings in cone calorimeter is very different from that in open pool fire. The safe initial thickness of the intumescent coating is a function of heat release rate of the source. The effective thermal conductivity of the intumescent coatings is evaluated using one dimensional conduction heat equation with constant boundary temperature condition.
The grade of preoperative subscapularis muscle atrophy as a prognostic factor for postoperative retears: A double-center retrospective series
Authors: Fandridis Emmanouil , Malahias Michael-Alexander , Plagou Athena , Orgiani Antonio , Flaviis Luca , Castagna Alessandro
Published: June 2019

The aim of the study was to investigate whether subscapularis muscle atrophy is a negative prognostic factor leading to increased risk of retears in patients treated with an arthroscopic subscapularis tendon repair. We hypothesized that fatty infiltration of the subscapularis muscle deteriorates the clinical and sonographic outcome of the arthroscopic repair and inhibits reparability of the ruptured tendons. A double- center, multinational, retrospective, blind (in the follow-up) clinical study regarding 32 patients who underwent an arthroscopic subscapularis repair was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups according to the preoparative fatty infiltration grade of subscapularis muscle (group A: grade<II, group B: grade II or higher). Reparability was not influenced by the grade of preoperative fatty infiltration of subscapularis muscle. The preoperative MRI scans showed significantly higher grades of fatty infiltration (group B) in the subscapularis muscle of patients with clinical evidence of retear after the arthroscopic repair. Low grades of preoperative subscapularis muscle atrophy are significantly correlated with low clinical and sonographic retear’s rate after subscapularis arthroscopic repair, while high grades were a clear negative prognostic factor for the clinical outcome of the aforementioned patients.
Towards Blockchain Empowered Trusted and Accountable Data Sharing and Collaboration in Mobile Healthcare Applications
Authors: Liang Xueping , Shetty Sachin , Tosh Deepak , Bowden Daniel , Njilla Laurent , Kamhoua Charles
Published: June 2019

Enabled by mobile and wearable technology, personal health data delivers immense and increasing value for healthcare, benefiting both care providers and medical research. The secure and convenient sharing of personal health data is crucial to the improvement of the interaction and collaboration of the healthcare industry. Faced with the potential privacy issues and vulnerabilities existing in current personal health data storage and sharing systems, as well as the blockchain integration concerns summarized in this paper, an innovative user-centric health data sharing solution by utilizing a decentralized but permissioned blockchain is proposed to protect privacy and enhance access management, with the help of channel formation scheme supported by the blockchain. By developing a web application for Personal Health Data Management (PHDM) systems, the individuals are capable of synchronizing sensor data from wearable devices with online account and controlling data access from any third parties. A mobile application is deployed to collect health data from personal wearable devices, manual input, and medical devices, and synchronize data to the cloud for data sharing with healthcare providers and health insurance companies. To preserve the integrity of health data, a proof of integrity and validation, is made available to each record, which is permanently retrievable from cloud database and is anchored to the blockchain network. Moreover, for scalable and performance considerations, a tree-based data processing and batching method is adopted to deal with large data sets of personal health data collected and uploaded by the mobile platform. To enable a trusted data access record, the Intel Software Extensions technology is utilized to ensure the accountability for data access and token based access control scheme is enhanced with the trusted hardware. Analysis shows that the proposed approach provides user privacy and accountability with acceptable overhead and scalability.
Spatial and temporal variability of snowfall over Greenland from CloudSat observations
Authors: Bennartz Ralf , Fell Frank , Pettersen Claire , Shupe Matthew D. , Schuettemeyer Dirk
Published: June 2019

Abstract. We use the CloudSat 2006–2016 data record to estimate snowfall over the
Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). We first evaluate CloudSat snowfall retrievals
with respect to remaining ground-clutter issues. Comparing CloudSat
observations to the GrIS topography (obtained from airborne altimetry
measurements during IceBridge) we find that at the edges of the GrIS
spurious high-snowfall retrievals caused by ground clutter occasionally
affect the operational snowfall product. After correcting for this effect,
the height of the lowest valid CloudSat observation is about 1200 m
above the local topography as defined by IceBridge. We then use ground-based millimeter wavelength cloud radar (MMCR) observations obtained from the Integrated Characterization of Energy, Clouds, Atmospheric state, and Precipitation at Summit, Greenland (ICECAPS) experiment to devise a simple,
empirical correction to account for precipitation processes occurring
between the height of the observed CloudSat reflectivities and the snowfall
near the surface. Using the height-corrected, clutter-cleared CloudSat
reflectivities we next evaluate various Z–S relationships in terms of
snowfall accumulation at Summit through comparison with weekly stake field
observations of snow accumulation available since 2007. Using a set of three
Z–S relationships that best agree with the observed accumulation at Summit,
we then calculate the annual cycle snowfall over the entire GrIS as well as
over different drainage areas and compare the derived mean values and annual
cycles of snowfall to ERA-Interim reanalysis. We find the annual mean
snowfall over the GrIS inferred from CloudSat to be 34±7.5 cm yr−1
liquid equivalent (where the uncertainty is determined by the range in
values between the three different Z–S relationships used). In comparison,
the ERA-Interim reanalysis product only yields 30 cm yr−1 liquid equivalent
snowfall, where the majority of the underestimation in the reanalysis
appears to occur in the summer months over the higher GrIS and appears to be
related to shallow precipitation events. Comparing all available estimates
of snowfall accumulation at Summit Station, we find the annually averaged
liquid equivalent snowfall from the stake field to be between 20 and 24 cm yr−1, depending on the assumed snowpack density and from CloudSat 23±4.5 cm yr−1. The annual cycle at Summit is generally similar between
all data sources, with the exception of ERA-Interim reanalysis, which shows
the aforementioned underestimation during summer months.
Insights from mercury stable isotopes on terrestrial – atmosphere exchange of Hg(0) in the Arctic tundra
Authors: Jiskra Martin , Sonke Jeroen E. , Agnan Yannick , Helmig Detlev , Obrist Daniel
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The tundra plays a pivotal role in the Arctic mercury (Hg) cycling by storing atmospheric Hg deposition and shuttling it to the Arctic Ocean. A recent study revealed that 70 % of the atmospheric Hg deposition to the tundra occurs by gaseous elemental mercury (GEM or Hg(0)) uptake by vegetation and soils. Processes controlling land – atmosphere exchange of Hg(0) in the Arctic tundra are therefore central, but remain understudied. Here, we combine Hg stable isotope analysis of Hg(0) in the atmosphere, interstitial snow and soil pore air, with Hg(0) flux measurements in a tundra ecosystem at Toolik field station in northern Alaska (USA). In dark winter months, planetary boundary layer (PBL) conditions and Hg(0) concentrations were generally stable throughout the day and small Hg(0) net deposition occurred. In spring, halogen-induced atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDE's) occurred, with fast re-emission of Hg(0) after AMDE's resulting in net emission fluxes of Hg(0). During the short snow-free growing season in summer, vegetation uptake of atmospheric Hg(0) enhanced atmospheric Hg(0) net deposition to the Arctic tundra. At night, when PBL conditions were stable, ecosystem uptake of atmospheric Hg(0) led to a depletion of atmospheric Hg(0). The night time decline of atmospheric Hg(0) was concomitant with a depletion of lighter Hg(0) isotopes in the atmospheric Hg pool. The enrichment factor, ε202Hg = −4.2 ‰ ± 1.0 ‰ was consistent with the preferential uptake of light Hg(0) isotopes by vegetation. Hg(0) flux measurements indicated a partial re-emission of Hg(0) during daytime, when solar radiation was strongest. Hg(0) concentrations in soil pore air were depleted relative to atmospheric Hg(0) concentrations, concomitant with an enrichment of lighter Hg(0) isotopes in the soil pore air (ε202Hgsoilair-atmosphere = −1.00 ‰ (±0.25 ‰) and E199Hgsoilair-atmosphere = 0.07 ‰ (±0.04 ‰)). These first Hg stable isotope measurements of Hg(0) in soil pore air are consistent with the fractionation previously observed during Hg(0) oxidation by natural humic acids suggesting abiotic oxidation as a cause for observed soil Hg(0) uptake.
Stage Review of Fences
Authors: Herren Graley
Published: June 2019

A review of Fences by August Wilson, staged by the Cincinnati Shakespeare Company at the Otto M. Budig Theater in Cincinnati, Ohio from January 25-February 16, 2019.
Bibliography for August Wilson Journal: Spring 2019
Authors: Addington Thom C.
Published: June 2019

Bibliography for August Wilson Journal: Spring 2019
Constanza Romero on August Wilson's Legacy: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Shannon Sandra G.
Published: June 2019

The following interview occurred on Tuesday, December 4, 2018 at 5:00 p.m. EST (2:00 p.m. PST).  Dr. Sandra Shannon, Professor Emerita, Howard University, conducted the interview from Washington, DC, on behalf of the Journal.  Constanza Romero, Director of the August Wilson Estate and August Wilson's widow, spoke from Seattle, Washington.
A Stage Review of Radio Golf: New African Grove Completes the Cycle
Authors: Bell Christopher
Published: June 2019

A stage review of August Wilson’s Radio Golf at the New African Grove Theatre Company in College Park, Georgia, July 2018.
Welcome to the Stage Review Section of the August Wilson Journal
Authors: Maley Patrick
Published: June 2019

An introduction from the editor of the stage review section.
Welcome to the Dramaturgy Section of the August Wilson Journal
Authors: Walker Melonnie
Published: June 2019

Introduction to Dramaturgy Section of the August Wilson Journal
Notes
Authors: Downing Michael J.
Published: June 2019

American Century Cycle This note relates to the Journal's terminology involving the cycle of ten plays that August Wilson wrote commonly known as the "Pittsburgh Cycle" or the "Century Cycle." At the 2018 August Wilson Society Colloquium held at the August Wilson Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Constanza Romero, August's widow and coordinator of the August Wilson Estate, said to the group that her preference, going forward, is that the phrase "August Wilson's American Century Cycle" be used to refer to those ten plays. Being Pittsburghers, David and I you both love the term, "Pittsburgh Cycle," but we also understand that it is not entirely accurate as Ma Rainey's Black Bottom is set in Chicago. Therefore, all references to Wilson's cycle in the August Wilson Journal will be standardized as the "August Wilson American Century Cycle," "August Wilson's American Century Cycle," or shortened to "American Century Cycle."
Dancing in the Dark: An Analysis of the Live Entertainment Industry and the Deceptive Market Practices of Ticketmaster and Live Nation
Authors: Holmstrom Erik
Published: June 2019

Live Nation and its subsidiary Ticketmaster control a wide range of areas within the live entertainment industry. Their current conduct in that industry regarding fees added to ticket prices is arguably in violation of Canada’s Competition Act. Canada’s Competition Bureau, the country’s economic watchdog, recently filed an application alleging that these fee add-ons constitute deceptive marketing practices. Ticketmaster’s defence in support of their fees is contradictory to their practices and is unreasonable and self-serving. Regardless of the outcome of the Competition Bureau’s application, federal legislation should be implemented to curb these marketing practices.
Notes on Race and Gender in the USA: Poverty and Intersectionality
Authors: Castanyer Prisca
Published: June 2019

This is the first of a series of multidisciplinary notes with one goal in common: to draw a much needed  “bigger picture” on some basic human rights in the USA. To achieve this, we will present data from different studies as well as from the USA census.

In this first note, we will examine overall poverty, unemployment, and wealth distribution in the USA while analyzing the unremitting socio-economic differences amongst the American population due to race and gender. Unfortunately, it is impossible for us to explain in depth all the reasons behind both racism and sexism due to the fact that these are rather ingrained complex issues with a long stance in America, despite multiple efforts to the contrary. We will, however, explore here the eugenics movement, which was quite influential during a good part of the 20th century, informing policies that would affect both women and people of color for decades. Unfortunately, the basic core beliefs of this movement are still present in the American ethos today and, under this new administration, basic human rights are constantly under attack, aggravating the already existing levels of poverty and equality amongst women and people of color.

Subsequent notes will focus on women’s rights.
The Use of Radio Advertorials in Spanish Radio Stations
Authors: Perelló-Oliver Salvador , Muela-Molina Clara
Published: June 2019

Radio advertorials (RA) are long advertisements broadcasted within the programming and executed by journalists to imitate editorial content. An analysis of their presence, use and characteristics confirms that journalists and radio owners are not rigorous in the application of the codes of conduct that regulate this advertising feature in Spain. This work focuses on these rules and propose a matrix of variables, such as time slot, product category, type of endorser, advertiser identification, format and copy text style, which identifies these inappropriate practices in the sample under study. The results show that RAs are more prevalent during time slots with higher audience ratings and in programmes hosted by well-known radio personalities. Also, most RAs are embedded within the editorial content of programmes and are formatted as interviews, and their copy style is informative.
Structural priming in production through ‘silence’: An investigation of verb phrase ellipsis and null complement anaphora
Authors: Xiang Ming , Grove Julian , Merchant Jason
Published: June 2019

There are two common competing conceptions of how ellipsis can be resolved: in the first, ellipsis is resolved by constructing unpronounced syntactic representations at the ellipsis site; in the second, ellipsis can be resolved by consulting the semantic/discourse information present in the antecedent, without the mediation of any syntax at all. In four syntactic priming experiments, we examine whether resolving English VP ellipsis and Null Complement Anaphora involves accessing the syntactic representations, or only the semantic representations, of the antecedent clause. Our findings suggest both VPE and Null Complement Anaphora can trigger structural priming effects, but the conditions under which they trigger priming are different. These results have implications for both theories of structural priming mechanism and theories of ellipsis resolution.
Stigma towards mental disorders in Qatar: A qualitative study
Authors: Stirling Bridget , Hickey Jason , Omar Hanin , Kehyayan Vahe
Published: June 2019

Background: Across the world, people with mental health disorders experience various levels of stigma. Service users can provide valuable insight into the nature and extent of this stigma. In Qatar, mental health stigma was not well studied previously. Methods: This study was part of mixed-methodology research. The research team conducted interviews in English or Arabic with outpatient mental health clinic attendees who participated in a quantitative survey in Qatar. For the qualitative part of the study, the interview guide was developed after the results were analyzed for the pilot phase of a national quantitative survey that engaged nurses, physicians, patients, and family members in discussions about mental health stigma. All interviews were recorded and transcribed for coding and thematic analysis. Arabic-language interviews were translated into English by a certified translation service. A framework was developed, which eventually included eight main themes and five sub-themes relating to perceptions of mental illness, stigma, and avoidance of stigma. Results: Seven people, all with previous mental health diagnoses, were included in the qualitative study. The participants described instances of stigma. Most of them did not disclose their mental health diagnoses to others. Stigma among the participants was often experienced by proxy. Stigma towards mental disorders in Qatar was believed to be caused by poor understanding of these diagnoses, media portrayals of persons with mental disorders, and perceptions arising from cultural/religious beliefs. Modifying lifestyles and concealing diagnosis helped the participants to avoid stigma within Qatar. Conclusions: All the participants believed that mental illness diagnoses carried social stigma. Most of them described efforts to avoid disclosing mental health diagnoses to others based on a fear of negative social consequences. These findings offer insight into the perceptions of service users in Qatar towards stigma and self-stigma.
Business environment pillar: Analysis of the institutional evolution in Brazil (2001-2017)
Authors: Costa Ligia Maura , Pagotto Leopoldo , Mustafa Andrea
Published: June 2019

This paper evaluates how a given jurisdiction reacts to corruption based on the institutional evaluation of the National Integrity System (NIS). The Brazilian institutional evolution of the NIS is examined in relation to one of the 13 pillars, to wit, the “business environment” pillar. From this perspective, the purpose is to confirm to what extent the business environment generates conditions to fight corruption from an institutional perspective, in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 16, in particular, 16.5 (corruption and bribery in all their forms) and 16.6 (development of accountable and transparent institutions). The research is limited, however, to the period from 2001 to 2017; despite the long lapse of time, it involves a transition phase, during which significant law amendments took place and, as a consequence, their initial effects were felt in the private business sector.