bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Über ZnSb-reiche ZnSb-CdSb-Mischkristalle vom n-und p-Typ
Authors: Schmidt D. , Schneider G.
Published: September 2020

Es wurden zonengeschmolzene Mischkristalle besonders der Zusammensetzung Zn0.75Cd0.25Sb hergestellt und der Einfluß der Dotierung mit den als Donatoren wirkenden Elementen In und Te untersucht. Für In-dotierte Proben wurde die Temperaturabhängigkeit der elektrischen Transport-größen (elektrische Leitfähigkeit, Hall-Effekt, Thermokraft und transversaler Nernst-Ettingshausen-Effekt) im Temperaturbereich von etwa 80 bis 300 °K gemessen. Bei Zimmertemperatur n-leitende Proben zeigen bei tiefen Temperaturen p-Ueitung. Die verschiedenen Vorstellungen über dieses eigenartige Verhalten werden diskutiert.
Experimental Results on the Dynamic Polarisation in a Solid by Variation of Temperature
Authors: Haupt J.
Published: September 2020

A description of the apparatus for a new dynamic polarization effect by variation of temperature, and the experimental results obtained, are presented. As described earlier a temperature jump produces a very large enhancement of the dipolar signal (about 10.000) in solid y-picolene due to the dipolar couplings between the protons of the CH3-group and the modes of the CH3-rotator with the crystal phonons. A simple phenomenological model for the interpretation of the experimental data is introduced. Within the experimental errors agreement between model and data is obtained.

From the shape of the measured polarization curves a dipolar polarization time Tp and the dipolar relaxation time Td is determined. From the maxima of the polarization at different temperature jumps a curve dependent only on the temperature is constructed, which together with Tp and Td characterizes completely the dynamic polarization behaviour.

A comparison of the Zeeman- and dipolar relaxation with earlier measurements on similar molecules containing CH3-groups shows that the CH3-rotation in solid y-picolene is almost unhindered and that the "relaxation efficiency" is very low. These last conditions are important for a large enhancement of the dipolar polarization.
Isotopic Partition Function Ratios Involving H2, H2O, H2S, H2Se, and NH3
Authors: Bron J. , Chang Chen Fee , Wolfsberg M.
Published: September 2020

Ideal gas phase isotopic partition function ratios involving both deuterium and tritium substitution for hydrogen and also heavy atom substitution in H2, H2O, H2S, H2Se, and NH3 have been calculated at a number of temperatures. The results have been least squares fitted to a five term series in powers of (300/T). Various correction factors to the harmonic approximation were considered in the calculation of the partition function ratios. It is demonstrated that the tabulated ratios can be used to calculate equilibrium constants for isotopic exchange reactions.
Berechnung von Eigensdiaften zweiatomiger Moleküle Ein- und Zweizentrenintegrale mit Slater-Funktionen / Calculation of Properties of Diatomic Molecules. One and Two Center Integrals Using Slater Type Orbitals
Authors: Hell Otto , Knof Hans
Published: September 2020

The methods for evaluation of two center integrals by use of Slater functions originate from the time of desk calculators, although they were later adapted to computers. This paper gives an analytical treatment of these integrals, in preparation for a modern computer program. The sixfold two electron two center integrals require only one numerical integration in case of the exchange integrals, and in case of the Coulomb and hybrid integrals two numerical integrations are required. The one center integrals and all the one electron integrals are solved fully analytically. This makes the analysis and program logic more lucid.

All the special conditions arising during evaluation of the integrals are described in detail so that this paper should suffice as a basis for writing computer programs to evaluate such integrals.
Proton Hyperfme Splitting Constants of Azulene Cation in Accordance with some Modifications of the McLachlan Method
Authors: Nowakowski J.
Published: September 2020

The accuracy of a theoretical prediction of the proton hyperfine splitting constants of the azulene cation has been analyzed with the use of the McConnell relationship. Spin densities have been calculated with various modifications of the McLachlan method. The results have been compared with experimental data and with predictions of other authors.
Energie- und Polarisationsübertragung zwischen Thallium D-Niveaus durch Stöße mit Edelgasatomen / Energy and polarisation transfer between Thallium D-levels induced by collisions with inert gas atoms
Authors: Gelbhaar B.
Published: September 2020

The cross sections for energy transfer from the 62D3/2 to the 62D5/2 Tl-level indcuced by collisions with inert gas atoms have been determined. The results in units of 10-16 cm2 are: Tl-He 35,1; Tl-Ne 3,7; Tl-Ar 2,3; Tl-Kr 7,5; Tl-Xe 10,8. In two modified experiments the transfer of orientation to the 62D5/2 level could be detected by exciting the 62D3/2 level with circulary polarized light.
ESR- und optische Untersuchungen am Triplett-Zustand von NaNO2-Kristallen / ESR and Optical Investigations on the Triplet State of NaNO2 Crystals
Authors: Dietrich W. , Drissler F. , Schmid D. , Wolf H. C.
Published: September 2020

The metastable triplet state Ti of N02 in NaNO2 single crystals was investigated at temperatures between 1,4 and 4,2°K by ESR-, by phosphorescence- and by level crossing-experiments From these measurements we find the zerofield splitting parameters:

D/hc = (0,444 ± 0,005) cm-1,

E/hc = -(0,045 ± 0,005) cm-1,

g = 2,002 ± 0,003,

where the z-axis is taken parallel to the line connecting the two O-atoms.

The optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) and the phophorescence spectra in magnetic fields up to 50 kOe give evidence for optical spin polarisation.

The kinetic constants for the population, the radiative decay and the total decay of each zerofield component of T1 could be estimated as follows: the zerofield level tx is preferentially populated; the decay is radiative for ty and nonradiative for tx and tz.
A New Continuous-Wave CO Chemical Laser from the Oxidation of Acetylene
Authors: Sadie F.G. , Büger P.A. , Malan O.G.
Published: September 2020

Continuous-wave stimulated emission resulting from the oxidation of acetylene has been observed. Thirteen vibrational transitions of the first overtone band of CO have been resolved. The mechanism for laser action is proposed.
Erzeugende Koordinaten und die Random-Phase Approximation / Generator Coordinates and Random-Phase-Approximation
Authors: Hadermann Jörg
Published: September 2020

The method of generator coordinates is applied to a two level model with pairing and monopole force. The harmonic approximation is investigated. By proper inclusion of the symmetries of the Hamiltonian an improvement over the usual Random-Phase approximation results.
The Non-Stationary Metal Vapour Arc
Authors: Ecker G.
Published: September 2020

The motion is depicted as a sequence of steps of a finite residence time.

The spot motion affects essentially only the energy characteristics Te which in comparison to the stationary characteristics Tes are shifted to smaller values. Hereby the critical currents I0, I1 are raised in comparison to the corresponding stationary limits I0s, I1s.

Particularly attractive are the phenomena found in connection with the dependence of the spot velocity ʋ on the spot current I. If the spot velocity increases with the spot current stronger than ʋ ∞ I1/2 then the E-diagram reveals the existence of an upper limit lu for the spot current. This result can be used to explain qualitatively the experimentally observed phenomena of "spot multiplicity" and “spot extinction”.

Quantitative conclusions are obstructed by the lack of knowledge about the velocity dependence on the spot current, ʋ(I). Experimental and theoretical studies to provide a better understanding of the physical background and the analytical laws describing the motion of the cathode spots are urgently needed.
Waldmann-Snider Collision Integrals for Mixtures of Polyatomic Gases Exact and Approximate Relations
Authors: Köhler W. E. , 't Hooft G. W.
Published: September 2020

Collision brackets of the linearized Waldmann-Snider collision superoperator are studied for mixtures of polyatomic gases. Properties following f r om symmetries of molecular interaction and collisional conservation laws are discussed. For a complete system of expansion tensors bracket symbol expressions for effective cross sections are given which generalize the Chapman-Cowling Ω-integrals. Exact relations between effective cross sections are derived. Approximate relations which hold for molecules with small nonsphericity and elastic scattering are also given
Shock Wave in Condensed Matter Generated by Impulsive Load
Authors: Anisimov S. I. , Kravchenko V. A.
Published: September 2020

A shock wave in condensed matter generated by impulsive load ("shock loading") is considered. A self-similar solution of the problem is presented. The media are described by the equation-of-state of the Mie-Grüneisen type. Values of the self-similarity exponent and the profiles of gas-dynamical variables have been calculated. The problem of generation of shock waves by ultra-short laser pulses is discussed.
Fast Reactions Involving Radical-Cations During their Geminate Recombination as Studied by the OD ESR Method
Authors: Saik V. O. , Anisimov O. A. , Lozovoy V. V. , Molin Yu. N.
Published: September 2020

The new method of optically detected ESR (OD ESR) of radical-ion pairs has been used to study fast radical-cation reactions in non-polar liquid solutions. Dimeric radical-cations have been observed to occur within the time of geminate recombination with radical-ions; their generation rate has been determined. The spectral line broadening with increasing acceptor concentration has been associated with ion-molecular charge transfer; the rate of this process has also been determined.
Das ESR-Linienprofil antiferromagnetischer Verbindungen und die Abweichungen von der Lorentz-Form
Authors: Dräger K.
Published: September 2020

The ESR-absorption of antiferromagnetic compounds is usually described by a Lorentzian profile given by (1 + z2 )-1 with z = (H - H0)/ΔH. To obtain further improvements an additional term of 4th order is introduced. This modified profile given by (1 + z2 + αz4)-1 with α > 0 changes the properties of several ESR parameters. First of all there is a finite second moment which is given by α-1/4 · ΔH. For small values of α the integrated intensity will be reduced by a1 / 2 while the differentiated line-width ΔHpp increases linearly with x.

The application of this modified Lorentzian profile to the ESR spectra of antiferromagnetic Cr2O3 and MnF2 results in an improved fit. In both cases, the parameter α took on values between (20-100) · 10-4. For Cr2O3 there is an increase of α for rising temperature in the range from 320 K to 520 K. The second moment of Cr2O3 at T = 330 K was found to be 2100 G. For MnF2 a value of 1225 G was derived which is in rough accordance with results of Van Vleck's theory of line broadening.
The Nuclear Magnetic Shielding of the 19F-Nuclei in KZnF3
Authors: Grosescu R. , Haeberlen U.
Published: September 2020

Using solid state multiple pulse techniques the magnetic shielding tensors σ of the 19F nuclei in a single crystal of KZnF3 have been measured. The F--site symmetry in KZnF3, D4h , allows axial anisotropy of σ and determines fully the principal shielding directions. Using CaF2 as the reference compound, the average shielding is + 85 ppm and the shielding anisotropy is + 18.4 ppm. These results are discussed in terms of shielding contributions from (a) the closed shell electrons of the F--ion whose shielding is considered, (b) the closed shell electrons of the neighbouring metal and fluorine ions and (c) weak admixture of covalency to the predominantly ionic Zn++-F- bonding.
Pyroelectricity of Molecular Crystals: Benzene Derivatives
Authors: Asaji Tetsuo , Weiss Alarich
Published: September 2020

The pyroelectric coefficient at constant stress was measured for meta-nitroaniline, meta-amino-phenol, and 2,3-dichlorophenol in the temperature range 90 Ù T/ K ⪅ % melting point. A change in sign of the pyroelectric coefficient was observed in meta-nitroaniline and 2,3-dichlorophenol. At room temperature p3
s is 9 m Cm−2 K−1 for meta-nitroaniline, 42 m Cm−2 K−1 for meta-aminophenol, and 0.3 m Cm−2 K−1 for 2,3-dichlorophenol (at 263 K for the latter one). By a classical harmonic oscillator model the contribution to the pyroelectric coefficient due to molecular dipole librational motions was estimated to be fairly small for meta-nitroaniline. The temperature dependence of the coefficient of meta-nitroaniline is discussed on the basis of Boguslawski's theory. The importance of internal polar optical modes for the temperature dependence of the pyroelectric coefficient of molecular crystals is shown.
Photolumineszenz und sensibilisierte IR-Emission der dreiwertigen Seltenen Erden in Ca3La2Te2O12
Authors: Autenrieth H.-D. , Kottmann B. , Kemmler-Sack S.
Published: September 2020

By activation of the new host lattice Ca3La2Te2O12 with trivalent rare earth ions an emission in the visible (Ln3+=Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) or near infrared region (Nd, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) is observed. Energy transfer from Nd3+ to Yb3+ , from Er3+, Yb3+ to Ho3+ and from Yb3+ to Tm3+ has been found to occur. The excitation, emission and diffuse reflectance spectra are analyzed.
Crystal Structure of [N,N'-di(n-propyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium]2+ (7,7,8,8-Tetracyano-p-quinodimethanide)4
2-
Authors: Ashwell G. J. , Wallwork S. C.
Published: September 2020

The 4:1 complex salt formed between 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane (TCNQ) and the N,N'-di(n-propyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium dication (DPrBP) is monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 13.334(1), b = 25.954(3), c = 7.877(1) Å, β = 93.66(1)°. The structure was solved by the Patterson method and refined to R = 0.070 for 3277 unique reflections. The TCNQ moieties stack plane-to-plane, in stoichiometric groups of four, with a favourable exocyclic bond to quinonoid ring overlap of adjacent molecules and short interplanar spacings of 3.20 and 3.23 A between TCNQ (A)-TCNQ (A') and TCNQ (A)-TCNQ (B) respectively. TCNQ (A) makes the closet contact to the dication and the charge is partially localised on this molecule.
Hamiltonian Approach to Magnetic Fields with Toroidal Surfaces
Authors: Salat A.
Published: September 2020

The equivalence of magnetic field line equations to a one-dimensional time-dependent Hamiltonian system is used to construct magnetic fields with arbitrary toroidal magnetic surfaces I = const. For this purpose Hamiltonians H which together with their invariants satisfy periodicity constraints have to be known. The choice of H fixes the rotational transform η(I). Arbitrary axisymmetric fields, and nonaxisymmetric fields with constant η(I) are considered in detail.

Configurations with coinciding magnetic and current density surfaces are obtained. The approach used is not well suited, however, to satisfying the additional MHD equilibrium condition of constant pressure on magnetic surfaces.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Change of the 4-Nitrobenzylthio-System into 4,4′-Diformylazoxybenzene in Alkaline Dioxane-Water Media
Authors: Riad Y. , Asaad Adel N. , Gohar G.-A. S. , Abdallah A. A.
Published: September 2020

Sodium hydroxide reacts with α -(4-nitrobenzylthio)-acetic acid in aqueous-dioxane media to give 4,4'-diformylazoxybenzene as the main product besides 4,4'-dicarboxyazoxybenzene and a nitrone acid. This reaction was kinetically studied in presence of excess of alkali in different dioxane-water media at different temperatures. It started by a fast reversible a-proton abstraction step followed by two consecutive irreversible first-order steps forming two intermediates (α -hydroxy, 4-nitrosobenzylthio)-acetic acid and 4-nitrosobenzaldehyde. The latter underwent a Cannizzaro's reaction, the products of which changed in the reaction medium into 4,4'-diformylazoxybenzene and 4,4'-dicarboxyazoxybenzene. The rate constants and the thermodynamic parameters of the two consecutive steps were calculated and discussed. A mechanism was put forward for the formation of the nitrone acid.

Other six 4-nitrobenzyl, aryl sulphides were qualitatively studied and they gave mainly 4,4'-diformylazoxybenzene beside 4,4'-dicarboxyazoxybenzene or its corresponding azo acid.
Association Constant of Acetic Acid in 1.02 m NaCl Aqueous Medium at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures
Authors: Becker P. , Bilal B. A.
Published: September 2020

The association constant of acetic acid in 1.02 m (NaCl) aqueous solution has been determined potentiometrically at temperatures up to 260 °C and pressures up to 1005 bar. A high-temperature high-pressure concentration cell having two hydrogen electrodes has been used for the measurement. The apparent association constant Q′HAC increases with increasing temperature but decreases with increasing pressure:

(Q′HAC)25 ° C, 108 bar = 2.86 · 104, (Q′HAC)25 ° C , 500bar = 2.7 · 104,

(Q′HAC)200 °C, 500 bar = 4.65 · 104, (Q′HAC)26O °C, 1005 bar = 6.57 · 104 m−1.
Enumeration of Benzenoid and Coronoid Hydrocarbons
Authors: Balaban A.T. , Brunvoll J. , Cioslowski J. , Cyvin B. N. , Cyvin S. J. , Gutman I. , Wenchen He , Wenjie He , Knop J.V. , Kovačević M. , Müller W. R. , Szymanski K. , Tošić R. , Trinajstić N.
Published: September 2020

This is a report on the present status of computer-aided enumeration and classification of benzenoids and coronoids (polyhexes). The existing data from previous works are displayed in comprehensive tables. Numerous data from papers in press are included, as well as original contributions.
Duration Selectivity in Right Parietal Cortex Reflects the Subjective Experience of Time
Authors: Hayashi Masamichi J. , Ivry Richard B.
Published: September 2020

The perception of duration in the subsecond range has been hypothesized to be mediated by the population response of duration-sensitive units, each tuned to a preferred duration. One line of support for this hypothesis comes from neuroimaging studies showing that cortical regions, such as in parietal cortex exhibit duration tuning. It remains unclear whether this representation is based on the physical duration of the sensory input or the subjective duration, a question that is important given that our perception of the passage of time is often not veridical, but rather, biased by various contextual factors. Here we used fMRI to examine the neural correlates of subjective time perception in human participants. To manipulate perceived duration while holding physical duration constant, we used an adaptation method, in which, before judging the duration of a test stimulus, the participants were exposed to a train of adapting stimuli of a fixed duration. Behaviorally, this procedure produced a pronounced negative aftereffect: A short adaptor biased participants to judge stimuli as longer and a long adaptor-biased participants to judge stimuli as shorter. Duration tuning modulation, manifest as an attenuated BOLD response to stimuli similar in duration to the adaptor, was only observed in the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG) of the parietal lobe and middle occipital gyrus, bilaterally. Across individuals, the magnitude of the behavioral aftereffect was positively correlated with the magnitude of duration tuning modulation in SMG. These results indicate that duration-tuned neural populations in right SMG reflect the subjective experience of time.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe subjective sense of time is a fundamental dimension of sensory experience. To investigate the neural basis of subjective time, we conducted an fMRI study, using an adaptation procedure that allowed us to manipulate perceived duration while holding physical duration constant. Regions within the occipital cortex and right parietal lobe showed duration tuning that was modulated when the test stimuli were similar in duration to the adaptor. Moreover, the magnitude of the distortion in perceived duration was correlated with the degree of duration tuning modulation in the parietal region. These results provide strong physiological evidence that the population coding of time in the right parietal cortex reflects our subjective experience of time.
DrosophilaVoltage-Gated Sodium Channels Are Only Expressed in Active Neurons and Are Localized to Distal Axonal Initial Segment-like Domains
Authors: Ravenscroft Thomas A. , Janssens Jasper , Lee Pei-Tseng , Tepe Burak , Marcogliese Paul C. , Makhzami Samira , Holmes Todd C. , Aerts Stein , Bellen Hugo J.
Published: September 2020

In multipolar vertebrate neurons, action potentials (APs) initiate close to the soma, at the axonal initial segment. Invertebrate neurons are typically unipolar with dendrites integrating directly into the axon. Where APs are initiated in the axons of invertebrate neurons is unclear. Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels are a functional hallmark of the axonal initial segment in vertebrates. We used an intronicMinos-Mediated Integration Cassette to determine the endogenous gene expression and subcellular localization of the sole NaVchannel in both male and femaleDrosophila,para. Despite being the only NaVchannel in the fly, we show that only 23 ± 1% of neurons in the embryonic and larval CNS expresspara, while in the adult CNSparais broadly expressed. We generated a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the whole third instar larval brain to identifyparaexpressing neurons and show that it positively correlates with markers of differentiated, actively firing neurons. Therefore, only 23 ± 1% of larval neurons may be capable of firing NaV-dependent APs. We then show that Para is enriched in an axonal segment, distal to the site of dendritic integration into the axon, which we named the distal axonal segment (DAS). The DAS is present in multiple neuron classes in both the third instar larval and adult CNS. Whole cell patch clamp electrophysiological recordings of adult CNS fly neurons are consistent with the interpretation that Nav-dependent APs originate in the DAS. Identification of the distal NaVlocalization in fly neurons will enable more accurate interpretation of electrophysiological recordings in invertebrates.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe site of action potential (AP) initiation in invertebrates is unknown. We tagged the sole voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channel in the fly,para, and identified that Para is enriched at a distal axonal segment. The distal axonal segment is located distal to where dendrites impinge on axons and is the likely site of AP initiation. Understanding where APs are initiated improves our ability to model neuronal activity and our interpretation of electrophysiological data. Additionally,parais only expressed in 23 ± 1% of third instar larval neurons but is broadly expressed in adults. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the third instar larval brain shows thatparaexpression correlates with the expression of active, differentiated neuronal markers. Therefore, only 23 ± 1% of third instar larval neurons may be able to actively fire NaV-dependent APs.
Minimally Invasive Isolated Tricuspid Valve Redo Surgery Has Better Clinical Outcome: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Wei Shixiong , Zhang Lin , Cui Huimin , Ren Tong , Li Lianggang , Jiang Shengli
Published: September 2020

Background: Reoperation for isolated tricuspid valve (TV) surgery is considered a high-risk procedure. The optimal surgical approach is controversial. We analyzed our experience with isolated TV redo surgery performed either through thoracoscopic approach (thoracoscopic group), right thoracotomy (thoracotomy group), or median sternotomy (sternotomy group).
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all patients with previous cardiac surgery who underwent redo-TV procedure through thoracoscopic approach (n = 33), right lateral thoracotomy approach (n = 14), or sternotomy (n = 72).
Results: All patients successfully underwent elective surgery, with no intraoperative conversion or death occurring. 69% and 31% of patients received valve replacement and valvuloplasty, respectively. After operation, one patient in the sternotomy group received reoperation for bleeding, while another patient received valve replacement surgery 2 weeks after operation due to heart failure caused by valvuloplasty failure. No obvious complications occurred in the minimally invasive groups. The overall success rate of valve repair during 1-year follow-up was 99.2%.
Conclusion: Minimally invasive, isolated TV surgery as reoperation can be safe and may improve clinical outcome.
Prevention, Classification and Management Review of Deep Sternal Wound Infection
Authors: Alebrahim Khaled , Al-Ebrahim Ebrahim
Published: September 2020

Sternal wound complications are significant problems in cardiac surgery and cause challenges to surgeons as they are associated with high mortality, morbidity, and a tremendous load on the hospital budget. Risk factors and preventive measures against sternal wound infection need to be in focus. Classification of different types of sternotomy complications post cardiac surgery is important for specific categorization and management. Reviewing the literature, a variety of classifications was introduced to help understand the pathophysiology of these wounds and how best to manage them. Initial classifications were based on the postoperative period of the infectious process and risk factors. Recently, the anatomical description of sternal wound, including the depth and location, was shown to be more practical. There is a lack of evidence-based surgical consensus for the appropriate management strategy, including type of closure, choice of sternal coverage post sternectomy, whether primary, delayed and when to use reconstructive flaps.
ДІАГНОСТИКА ТА ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ОСНОВНИХ РУХОВИХ ПОРУШЕНЬ ПАТЕРНУ ХОДЬБИ У ОСІБ ПІСЛЯ ПЕРЕНЕСЕНОГО МОЗКОВОГО ІНСУЛЬТУ
Authors: Дмитрук Михайло , Рокошевська Віра
Published: September 2020

Мета. Встановити основні порушення ходьби у осіб після перенесеного мозкового інсульту. Методи. Визначали та аналізували відхилення патерну ходьби шляхом обстеження 60 осіб після перенесеного мозкового інсульту. Обстеження кінематики ходьби було виконано за допомогою методу Ranco Observershional Gait Anylazis. Результати. Встановлено основні причини порушень патернуходьби у трьох ключових моментах, що включать в себе вісім фаз ходьби. Найчастіші порушення патерну ходьби, які виникають у осіб після перенесеного мозкового інсульту є наступними: інверсія стопи присутня в 93,3% пацієнтів основної групи та в 90% групи порівняння; у 96,6% основної та у 93,3% порівняльної груп зустрічалося надмірне плантарне згинання стопи; надмірне розгинання колінного суглобу виявлено у 86,6% основної та у 83,3% порівняльної груп; приведення стегна під час ходьби спостерігалося у 66,6% пацієнтів основної та у 70% порівняльної груп, а обмежене згинання в кульшовому суглобі зустрічалося у 53,3% та 60% пацієнтів основної та порівняльної груп; в 63,3% основної та в 56,6% порівняльної груп виявлено іпсилатеральне опадання тазу, а контрлатеральнийнахил тулоба вбік спостерігався у 50% основної та в 46,6% порівняльної груп. Висновок. Обстеження патерну ходьби та вміння правильно його ідентифікувати є одним з ключових моментів формування об’єктивно правильного реабілітаційного втручання.Ключові слова: інсульт, патерн ходьби.
NAUJAS BIHEVIORIZMO GŪSIS KARO STUDIJOSE
Authors: Vitkus Gediminas
Published: September 2020

2010 metų pradžioje leidykla CQ Press pagaliau išleido Meredit R. Sarkees ir Franko W. Waymano knygą Resort to War: a Data Guide to Inter-state Extra-state, Intra-state, and Non-state Wars 1816–2007, kuri daugelio besidominčiųjų jau senokai buvo laukiama pasirodant. Šioje publikacijoje atsispindi naujausi, ko gero, ilgiausiai tarptautinių santykių studijose vykdomo tyrimo projekto – Karo koreliatai (angl. Correlates of War, toliau – COW) rezultatai. Tai jau trečioji šio projekto pagrindu parengta knyga. Pirmosios dvi knygos atitinkamai pasirodė 19721 ir 19822 metais. O štai dabar, po gana ilgokos pauzės, 2010 metais pagaliau sulaukėme trečiosios. Tai rodo vykdomo projekto svarbumą ir gyvybingumą. Todėl norėtųsi į šią publikaciją atkreipti ypatingą dėmesį ir specialiai ją aptarti.
DISERTACIJA APIE GEBĖJIMŲ FORMAVIMO SISTEMŲ SKIRTUMUS RYTŲ IR VIDURIO EUROPOS ŠALYSE
Authors: Informacija Redakcijos
Published: September 2020

...
PARTIZANŲ DIKTATŪRA
Authors: Gailius Bernardas
Published: September 2020

Nors žinomas politikos filosofas Carlas Schmittas partizanų karui paskyrė atskirą veikalą, jis nesusiejo savo „Partizano teorijos“ su suvereniteto koncepcija. Pasak C. Schmitto, suvereniteto esmę sudaro sprendimas dėl išimties. Jei partizanų karas suvokiamas kaip konkretus išimtinės padėties atvejis, jį galima interpretuoti kaip tiesioginį tautos suvereniteto įgyvendinimą (šios išvados C. Schmittas nepadarė). Panašus istorinis precedentas buvo pagal senovės Romos teisę skelbiama išimtinė padėtis (iustitium), kurios metu piliečiai įgydavo teisę tiesiogiai įgyvendinti valstybės valdžią. Tačiau istorinė šiuolaikinių partizanų karų analizė rodo, kad jiems būdingas ne tik ginti esamą valstybės santvarką, bet ir siekti ją pakeisti ar patobulinti. Todėl iškyla pačių partizanų statuso ir jų laikinos tvarkos apibūdinimo klausimas. Į jį atsako suverenios diktatūros koncepcija, taip pat sukurta C. Schmitto. Jos esmė – diktatorius veikia taip, tarsi jam priklausytų suvereni valstybės valdžia (taigi, ir galia keisti valstybės santvarką), tačiau kartu jis yra saistomas numanomos tautos valios. Kaip tokia diktatūra pasireiškia partizanų karo metu, atskleidžia 1944–1953 m. partizanų karo Lietuvoje analizė.
ILGALAIKIO KULTŪRINIO PASIPRIEŠINIMO PROBLEMOS: MEKSIKOS ZAPATISTŲ ATVEJIS
Authors: Kalpokas Ignas
Published: September 2020

Nors nuo pat 1994-ųjų zapatizmo judėjimui publikacijose tiek ispanų, tiek anglų kalba skirta daug dėmesio, reali raida parodė, kad daugeliu atvejų tyrinėtojų prognozės buvo pernelyg optimistinės. Nepaisant pradinio populiarumo bei inovatymumo, po 2006-ųjų pastebimas akivaizdus aktyvumo sumažėjimas ir paramos judėjimui nykimas, kartu – galimybės pasiekti realių pokyčių mažėjimas. Šiame straipsnyje norima, analizuojant zapatistų silpnėjimo priežastis, išsiaiškinti iššūkius, ilguoju laikotarpiu kylančius ne karinėmis priemonėmis radikalių politinių pokyčių siekiantiems judėjimams. Daugiausia dėmesio skiriama pasaulėžiūros nestruktūruotumui, negebėjimui pakankamai greitai sukurti „sėkmės istorijos“ savo bendruomenėse bei virtualios komunikacijos ir mobilizacijos problemoms. Kadangi iki šiol Lietuvoje apie zapatizmą rašyta nedaug, kartu pateikiama būtiniausia informacija apie judėjimo veiklą ir kontekstą.
POLITINĖ VAIZDUOTĖS REIKŠMĖ
Authors: Merkinaitė Simona
Published: September 2020

Galima skirti du požiūrius į vaizduotės ir politikos santykį. Pirmas remiasi prielaida, jog vaizduotė politiką pakeičia fantazijomis, iliuzijomis, todėl siekia atskirti politinę tikrovę nuo vaizduotės. Antras požiūris apskritai neigia tikrovės ir įsivaizdavimo skirtį. Šį požiūrį galima paaiškinti tuo, kad kinta pats tikrovės statusas, o riba tarp to, kas realu, ir to, kas įsivaizduota, nyksta. Abu požiūriai turi rimtų trūkumų. Pirmasis nemato daugelio politiką veikiančių dalykų, kaip antai tikėjimas, prietarai, mitologija, pagaliau nepakankamai atsižvelgia į tai, kad politika sudaryta iš daugelio objektyviai neapčiuopiamų, ne empirinių dalykų. Antrasis, palenkdamas politinę tikrovę įsivaizdavimo veiksmui, neleidžia skirti fantazijų nuo realias politines pasekmes turinčių vaizduotės esinių ir galiausiai politiką paverčia spektakliu ar žaidimu. Straipsnio tikslas – konceptualizuoti politikos ir vaizduotės santykį. Skiriamos trys vaizduotės savybės, kurios taikomos politiniam pasauliui siekiant atskleisti vaizduotės prasmę politikos supratimui.
KODĖL BALTIJOS ŠALYS NEDEVALVAVO VALIUTOS: POLITINIS POŽIŪRIS
Authors: Kuokštis Vytautas
Published: September 2020

Straipsnyje siekiama atsakyti, kodėl Baltijos šalys per 2008 m. jose prasidėjusią ekonomikos krizę pasirinko „vidinės devalvacijos“, o ne „išorinės“ (valiutos) devalvacijos kelią. Pradžioje apibūdinama Baltijos šalių situacija ir dvi alternatyvos, kurias buvo galima pasirinkti. Teigiama, kad ekonominiai ir struktūriniai veiksniai negali iki galo paaiškinti Baltijos valstybių sprendimo. Toliau, remiantis teorine literatūra, formuluojamos kelios pagrindinės politinės aiškinimo perspektyvos, orientuotos į išorės veiksnius, visuomenę (plačiosios visuomenės ir gamintojų grupių interesai), taip pat institucinė perspektyva. Kokybinė atvejo analizė atskleidžia, kad Baltijos šalių sprendimas nebuvo nulemtas išorės veiksnių, bet atspindėjo stiprų vidaus konsensusą dėl fiksuoto valiutos kurso išlaikymo svarbos. Savo ruožtu šis konsensusas rėmėsi tiek plačiu visuomenės, tiek gamintojų grupių palaikymu. Vis dėlto į visuomenę orientuota perspektyva taip pat negali iki galo paaiškinti keliamo klausimo – tam reikalinga institucinė perspektyva, atsižvelgianti į istorinį fiksuoto valiutos kurso sistemų sukūrimo ir įtvirtinimo kontekstą. Bėgant laikui, sustiprėjo šią instituciją palaikančios jėgos tiek idėjinėje plotmėje (su valstybingumu susijusios idėjos ir įsitikinimai apie priežastinius ryšius), tiek materialinėje plotmėje (įsiskolinimas užsienio valiuta). Paskutinės krizės metu taip pat išryškėjo tendencijos, kurios stiprino institucinę pusiausvyrą, palaikančią fiksuoto valiutos kurso režimą.
POLITIKŲ IR BIUROKRATŲ SĄVEIKA: KAS DOMINUOJA?
Authors: Dumbliauskas Vytautas
Published: September 2020

Straipsnyje bandoma atsakyti į klausimą, kodėl šiuolaikiniai tyrinėtojai laikosi priešingų normatyvinių požiūrių į tai, kas ką turi kontroliuoti – politikai biurokratus ar biurokratai politikus. Atsakymas grindžiamas politikų ir biurokratų tarpusavio kova dėl viešosios politikos kontrolės. Šioje kovoje dominuoja tai vieni, tai kiti, nes dominavimas yra kintantis, priklauso nuo įvairių veiksnių. Tyrinėtojai, įžvelgiantys valstybės tarnybos dominavimą, pabrėžia būtinybę politiškai kontroliuoti biurokratiją, o įžvelgiantieji politikų dominavimą, biurokratijoje mato jėgą, galinčią neleisti politikams piktnaudžiauti galia.
the Irradiation of Two Cases of Gliosarcoma: Place and Modalities of Radiotherapy
Authors: Dr. Rajae En Nouichi  , Dr. Ghita Chbihi Hassani  , Dr. F. Allouche  , Dr. Mohamed Ait Erraisse  , Dr. Z. Alami  , Dr. Fz. Farhane  , Pr. T. Bouhafa  , Pr. K. Hassouni
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Gliosarcoma is a rare histopathologic variant of glioblastoma traditionally associated with a poor prognosis.We present two cases of Gliosarcoma treated in our department.

Discussion: Gliosarcoma (GSM) is a variant of glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor that occurs in adults. GSM is characterized by its biphasic components: the gliomatous and sarcomatous components and categorized into primary and secondary GSM. Intrinsic to the brain parenchyma, GSM is usually managed by gross total resection, and radiotherapy with/without chemotherapy.

Conclusion: Despite the notable advances and improvement in overall survival (OS), a consensus on the optimal treatment for GSM patients is unclear.
Transverses Abdominis Plane Block Versus Trocar Site Infiltration in Gynecologic Laparoscopy An Observational Study
Authors: Insha Qureshi  , Kaiser Ahmad  , Omar Masood
Published: September 2020

Background and Aims: Laparoscopic surgery is nowadays gold standard procedure undertaken for various surgical procedures and people prefer laparoscopic approach but the effective analgesic regimen for such patients has not been devised and anaesthesiologists prefer multimodal regimes. Despite the minimally invasive nature of this procedure, patients experience a considerable amount of pain in the first 24 h postoperatively. In our study, we are comparing the  degrees of pain relief with TAP block vs Trocar site infiltration using VAS, the duration of postoperative analgesia achieve by   TAP block and compare it with Trocar site infiltration and  total consumption of rescue analgesia consumed in first 24 hours postoperatively in patients undergoing gynaecologic  Laparoscopic surgeries. Methods: After obtaining approval from the hospital Ethical committee and written informed consent from patients, this observational study was undertaken at the Government Lalla Ded Hospital which is one of the associated hospitals of Government Medical College, Srinagar during routine hours on 100 patients posted for elective Gynecological Laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia.  A total sample size of 100 patients (n= 50) for each group was calculated using PASSE (power and sample estimation) for study design and analysis. Assuming 30% improvement in pain score with error of 0.05 (i.e. 5% of DOF   (degree of freedom). Results: Visual analogue scale at different time intervals were statistically significantly lower at all times in Group A than Group B p-value (p<0.05). The time to first request for analgesia was higher in group A as compared to group B   with statistical difference among the study groups  p-value (p<0.05).

Conclusion: As a promising novel post-operative pain treatment procedure, TAP block is cost effective and one of the safest, easiest and the most effective supplemental techniques as part of analgesic regimen. It improves pain scores in gynecologic laparoscopy.
A Review for Artificial Intelligence Proving to Fight Against COVID-19 Pandemic and Prefatory Health Policy
Authors: Kim Hyunjo , Gyoonhee Han  , Jae-Hoon Song
Published: September 2020

The aim of the present study is to discuss the various aspects of modern technology used to fight against COVID-19 outbreak crisis at different scales, including medical image processing, disease tracking, prediction outcomes, computational biology and medicines. A progressive search of the database related to modern technology towards COVID-19 pandemic is made. Further, a brief review is done on the extracted information by assessing the various aspects of modern technologies for tackling COVID-19 pandemic. We provide a window of thoughts on review of the technology advances used to decrease and smother the substantial impact of the outburst. However, there are still constrained applications and contributions of technology in this fight although different studies relating to modern technology towards COVID-19 pandemic have come up yet. The modern technology on-going progress has contributed in improving people’s lives. Hence, there is a solid conviction that validated research plans including artificial intelligence will be of significant advantage in helping people to fight this infection. 

 

Key words: COVID-19 pandemic, artificial intelligence (AI), molecular modeling, drug repurposing, vaccines, health infrastructure systems (HIS)
Las relaciones de los diplomáticos de la rama española de la Casa de Austria sobre la política de Gábor Bethlen, príncipe de Transilvania (1613-1629)
Authors: Martí Tibor
Published: September 2020

Gábor Bethlen, príncipe calvinista de Transilvania (1613-1629), se convirtió en un destacado político que logró un considerable éxito militar en la primera década de la Guerra de los Treinta Años contra Fernando ii. Dirigió campañas en tres ocasiones en la parte norte del Reino de Hungría, la primera de las cuales fue cerrada por la Paz de Nicolsburg a fines de 1621. Como pariente de Gustavo Adolfo de Suecia, se convirtió en uno de los aliados más importantes de Europa Central de las fuerzas protestantes en Europa. Debido a su diplomacia y diplomáticos impredecibles, en las cortes de la Casa de Austria lo miraban como un enemigo astuto y peligroso, con miedo, pero los diplomáticos del Rey Católico trataron de mantener una aparente buena relación diplomática, principalmente para pacificar al príncipe. Los contemporáneos de Bethlen le acusaron de alianza con los otomanos; al mismo tiempo, el Principado de Transilvania, dependiente de los sultanes otomanos como vasallo, tuvo una edad de oro tanto cultural, como económicamente durante este período. Este estudio tiene la intención de presentar las informaciones sobre Bethlen obtenidas por los embajadores españoles de la Corte Imperial de Viena, en el contexto de la actividad de la diplomacia española en Europa Central y los acontecimientos y las relaciones internacionales de la Guerra de los Treinta Años.
Midwife Diplomacy. The Recruitment of a Midwife for Empress Margarita María Teresa de Austria (1666-1673)
Authors: Aichinger Wolfram , Standhartinger Christian
Published: September 2020

During her stay in Vienna, from 1666-1673, empress Margarita María Teresa de Austria, who was of Spanish origins, gave birth four times and died when she was pregnant with a fifth child. The question of what midwife would best serve her was repeatedly discussed at the highest diplomatic level. The reputation of these midwives depended not only on their performance in the delivery room. Royal midwifery was linked to culture and language, to the intrigues of rivalling parties at court or frictions between the different branches of the Casa de Austria. Midwifery thus offers the opportunity to study from a new perspective the mechanisms of dynastic alliances and the symbolic value attributed to the body of female aristocrats.
Assessment of the usability of Tam Bo bentonite (Di Linh - Lam Dong) for peloid
Authors: Man Tran Thi , Lan Tran Thi , Duong Nguyen Anh , Anh Phan Luu
Published: September 2020

The study was carried out to assess the suitability of Tam Bo bentonite for application in peloid. By using the XRD analysis method, the results showed that the mineral component of Tam Bo bentonite was mainly smectite (montmorillonite) (55–73%), illite (10-14%), quartz (10–16%), and minor minerals such as siderite, feldspar, goethite, chlorite and kaolinite. Chemical composition of the samples analyzed by the XRF method composed of a high amount of SiO2 (51.38–55.16%) and Fe2O3 (5.31–7.97%), low content of Al2O3 (14.58–20.87%), and the other oxides with low content. The analysis result using the ICP-OES method indicated that bentonites in Tam Bo consisted of trace elements such as As, Ba, Cr, Cd, Co, Cu, La, La, Pb, Sb, Sc, V, Zn, and their content is similar to the values in peloid for the commercial use. Tam Bo bentonite has a pH value of 8.17, a very high CEC index (71 mg/100g), a plasticity index of 28%, expandability of 70%. All of the samples did not contain pathogenic bacteria. The study result confirms that Tam Bo bentonite responses to the criteria for making the peloid and similar to the peloids of Vale das Furnas (in Portugal), Calda (in Italy), Archena (in Spain).
Gas-geochemical studies of gas fields and increased metal concentrations in the East Siberian Sea
Authors: B. Shakirov R. , Sorochinskaja A. V. , Syrbu N. S. , Tsunogai Urumu , Yen Tran Hoang
Published: September 2020

Paper presents the results of complex gas-geochemical studies of bottom sediments of the East Siberian Sea along the meridional profile from Cape Billings to the Mendeleev Ridge. Abnormal concentrations of methane (up to 2.4% vol.) and hydrogen (up to 600 ppm) are controlled by neotectonic faults and are typical for the areas of gas hydrate formation. The carbon isotope composition indicates the predominance of the thermogenic component. When studying the chemical composition of sediments, the data helped to identify the permeability zones of neotectonic faults that have favorable conditions for the concentration of a number of elements: Mn, Cu, Ag. Such zones are characterized by the gas anomalies in sediments (methane, hydrogen, etc.). The accumulation of anomalous metal contents is facilitated by specific geological conditions that occur in zones of gas anomalies within tectonically active structures, where fine-grained sediments enriched with organic matter are present. The gas-geochemical fields formed in this pattern can be applied as indicators in forecasting of hydrocarbon accumulations, for mapping permeable fault zones, and for the environmental impact assessing of hydrocarbon anomalies. This approach could be especially effective in the basins with low seismic activity such as seas of East Siberian shelf and some of the marginal seas of Pacific Ocean, for instance, South China Sea (Bien Dong).
The incidence of frailty and its relationship with long-term survival in patients with heart failure and implanted cardiac resynchronization therapy devices
Authors: Soldatova A. M. , Kuznetsov V. A. , Bogdanova D. S. , Benzineb F. T.
Published: September 2020

Aim. To assess long-term survival depending on the presence and severity of frailty in patients with heart failure (HF) and implanted cardiac resynchronization therapy devices.

Material and methods. We examined 77 patients (men — 74%, women — 26%, mean age 58,7±10,7 years) with NYHA class II-IV HF. The follow-up period was 42,4±27,1 months. On the basis of 31 parameters (medical history, diagnostic tests, questionnaire survey of physical activity limitations), a frailty index was calculated. Depending on the index value, the patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n=41) — <0,375 (no frailty), group 2 (n=36) — ≥0,375 (patients with frailty).

Results. Long-term survival of patients in group 1 was 87,8%, in group 2 — 52,8% (Log rank p<0,001). According to the univariate analysis, the presence of frailty was significantly associated with long-term mortality (odds ratio (OR) 6,108; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2,207-16,907; p<0,001). When sex, age, left ventricular ejection fraction, left bundle branch block, QRS duration, left ventricular volume were included in the multivariate analysis, the presence of frailty remained a significant predictor of long-term mortality (OR 5,763; 95% CI 1,837-18,083; p=0,003).

Conclusion. Frailty has an independent effect on the long-term all-cause death risk in patients with HF and implanted cardiac resynchronization therapy devices.
Features and hospital outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with calcification of target coronary arteries
Authors: Akchurin R. S. , Shiryaev A. A. , Vasiliev V. P. , Galyautdinov D. M. , Vlasova E. E. , Fedotenkov I. S. , Kurbanov S. K. , Mayorov G. B.
Published: September 2020

Aim. To compare strategy and early results of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with and without calcification of target coronary arteries (TCA).

Material and methods. The prospective study analyzed the data of patients (n=462) who underwent elective isolated CABG in 2017-2018 using cardiopulmonary bypass and microsurgery. Two groups were distinguished: group 1 — patients with TCA calcification (n=108), group 2 — patients without TCA calcification (n=354). In cases where the distal coronary artery lesion did not allow standard bypass grafting, additional complex anastomoses were provided. A comparison of intraoperative parameters and early results of CABG was carried out.

Results. In groups 1 and 2, the revascularization index did not differ significantly and was 4,5 and 4,3, respectively. The frequency of complex surgical interventions in group 1 was higher: for example, ‘Y’ grafts were used in groups 1 and 2, respectively, in 32% (35/108) and 12% (44/354), p<0,05; sequential anastomoses in 14% (15/108) and 7% (26/354), p<0,05; prolonged patch-angioplasty — in 21% (23/108) and 5% (16/354), p<0,05; anastomoses with arteries <1,5 mm in diameter — in 33% (36/108) and 4% (14/354), p<0,05; coronary endarterectomy in 17% (18/108) and 5% (16/354), p<0,05, respectively. The duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was longer in group 1. At the same time, the hospital clinical results did not differ significantly: mortality was not registered; the frequency of perioperative myocardial infarction was 1,8% (group 1) and 1,1% (group 2); the need for inotropes, frequency of arrhythmia, length of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital were similar; there were no cases of in-hospital angina recurrence.

Conclusion. CABG in patients with calcification of TCA is associated with surgical challenges and need for complex adjunct techniques. Nevertheless, complete surgical revascularization is real in these cases, and the hospital results are comparable to those in patients without calcification.