bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caesarean section and its relationship to offspring general cognitive ability: a registry-based cohort study of half a million young male adults
Authors: Ahlqvist Viktor H , Ekström Lucas D , Jónsson-Bachmann Egill , Tynelius Per , Madley-Dowd Paul , Neovius Martin , Magnusson Cecilia , Berglind Daniel
Published: September 2021

Background

A relationship between caesarean section and offspring cognitive ability has been described, but data are limited, and a large-scale study is needed.

Objective

To determine the relationship between mode of delivery and general cognitive ability.

Methods

A cohort of 579 244 singleton males, born between 1973 and 1987 who conscripted before 2006, were identified using the Swedish population-based registries. Their mode of delivery was obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth registry. The outcome measure was a normalised general cognitive test battery (mean 100, SD 15) performed at military conscription at around age 18.

Findings

Males born by caesarean section performed poorer compared with those born vaginally (mean score 99.3 vs 100.1; adjusted mean difference −0.84; 95% CI −0.97 to −0.72; p<0.001). Both those born by elective (99.3 vs 100.2; −0.92; 95% CI −1.24 to −0.60; p<0.001) and non-elective caesarean section (99.2 vs 100.2; −1.03; 95% CI −1.34 to −0.72; p=0.001), performed poorer than those born vaginally. In sibling analyses, the association was attenuated to the null (100.9 vs 100.8; 0.07; 95% CI −0.31 to 0.45; p=0.712). Similarly, neither elective nor non-elective caesarean section were associated with general cognitive ability in sibling analyses.

Conclusion

Birth by caesarean section is weakly associated with a lower general cognitive ability in young adult males. However, the magnitude of this association is not clinically relevant and seems to be largely explained by familial factors shared between siblings.

Clinical implication

Clinicians and gravidas ought not to be concerned that the choice of mode of delivery will impact offspring cognitive ability.
Septic Arthritis in the End-Stage Renal Disease Population
Authors: Aitkens Lorry , Winn Matthew , Waller Jennifer L , Huber Lu , Baer Stephanie L , Mohammed Azeem , Kheda Mufaddal , Tran Sarah , Siddiqui Budder , Padala Sandeep , Colombo Rhonda E , Bollag Wendy B
Published: September 2021

Septic arthritis is important to consider in any patient who presents with joint pain because it is a medical emergency with an 11% fatality rate. Diagnosis and treatment may improve prognosis; however, many patients do not regain full joint function. In patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), immune dysfunction due to uremia and chronic vascular access leads to increased risk of infection. We examined the incidence, risk factors and sequelae of septic arthritis in a cohort of hemodialysis patients. The US Renal Data System was queried for diagnoses of septic arthritis and selected sequelae using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-9 and Current Procedural Terminology-4 codes in patients who initiated hemodialysis between 2005 and 2010. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine potential risk factors for septic arthritis and its sequelae. 7009 cases of septic arthritis were identified, an incidence of 514.8 per 100,000 persons per year. Of these patients, 2179 were diagnosed with a documented organism within 30 days prior to or 14 days after the septic arthritis diagnosis, with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections (57.4%) being the most common. Significant risk factors for septic arthritis included history of joint disease, immune compromise (diabetes, HIV, cirrhosis), bacteremia and urinary tract infection. One of the four sequelae examined (joint replacement, amputation, osteomyelitis, Clostridioides difficile infection) occurred in 25% of septic arthritis cases. The high incidence of septic arthritis and the potential for serious sequelae in patients with ESRD suggest that physicians treating individuals with ESRD and joint pain/inflammation should maintain a high clinical suspicion for septic arthritis.
Inadequate vitamin D status is associated with lower food plus supplemental intake of vitamin D in children of South Asian ethnicity living in the National Capital Region of Canada
Authors: Brooks Stephen P.J. , Ratnayake W.M. Nimal , Rondeau Isabelle , Swist Eleonora , Sarafin Kurtis , Weiler Hope A.
Published: September 2021

Vitamin D status, measured in a Vitamin D Standardization Program certified laboratory, was assessed among children of South Asian and European ethnicity living in the national capital region of Canada to explore factors that may account for inadequate status. Demographic information, dietary and supplemental vitamin D over 30 d prior to measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and anthropometry were measured (age 6.0–18.9 y; n = 58/group; February–March 2015). No group related differences in age, height and body mass index (BMI) Z-scores or in food vitamin D intakes were observed. Standardized serum 25OHD was lower in South Asian children (mean ± SD: 39.0 ± 16.8 nmol/L vs. European: 58.4 ± 15.8 nmol/L). A greater proportion of South Asian children had serum 25OHD <40 nmol/L (56.9 vs. 8.6%, P < 0.0001) and fewer took supplements (31 vs. 50%, P = 0.0389). In a multi-factorial model (r2 = 0.54), lower vitamin D status was associated with overweight/obese BMI and older age (14–18 y); no interaction with ethnicity was observed. Lower vitamin D status was associated with lower total vitamin D intake only in South Asian children. This study reinforces the importance of public health actions towards meeting vitamin D intake recommendations among those of high-risk deficiency.

Novelty: A higher proportion of South Asian vs. European children had inadequate vitamin D status. Lower vitamin D status was associated with a BMI in the overweight/obese range. Lower vitamin D status was associated with lower total vitamin D intake in South Asian but not European children.
Impact of diet type and xylanase supplementation on the ileal digestibility of nutrients, and growth performance in growing-finishing pigs
Authors: Chassé Élisabeth , Dickner-Ouellet Laurie , Guay Frédéric , Pomar Candido , Létourneau-Montminy Marie-Pierre
Published: September 2021

In the experiment, six pigs fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were fed six diets in a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Treatments were corn-soybean meal diet (CS), diet containing wheat by-products (WBP), and diet containing corn distillers dried grains with solubles and canola meal (DDCM) without or with xylanase (X) supplementation (CS-X, WBP-X, and DDCM-X). The WBP and DDCM diets had higher apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of lipids and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (P < 0.05) than CS diets. A xylanase × diet interaction was observed for the AID of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P < 0.05) showing larger impact of xylanase in WBP than in the other diets. Using similar dietary treatments except for CS-X, growth and body composition of the sixty males (83.0 kg) at the end of the 28-day growing phase showed that pig fed the CS diet had greater average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P = 0.004) and average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.014) for period 0–14 d but not from 15–28 d. Overall performance (0–28 d) showed higher ADFI (9.5%; P = 0.015) in CS but no difference was observed for ADG and gain to feed ratio (G:F). These results showed that diets containing a high proportion of by-products can give equivalent performance to a CS diet and that adding xylanase for this short period had limited effects.
Impact of yeast hydrolysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, noxious gas emission, blood profile, and meat quality of finishing pigs
Authors: Sampath Vetriselvi , Han Kyudong , Sureshkumar Shanmugam , Kim In Ho
Published: September 2021

A total of 90 finishing pigs (52 ± 1.46 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments as: TRT1 [CON (basal diet)], TRT2 [CON + 0.05% yeast hydrolysate (YH)], and TRT3 (CON + 0.1% YH) for an 8 wk trial. Each treatment had six replications and five (three gilts and two barrow) pigs per pen. In weeks 4 and 8, YH supplement linearly increased (P < 0.05) body weight. Moreover, average daily gain was also linearly increased (P < 0.05) with YH supplementation in week 4 and the overall trial period. At the end of the trial, apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and gross energy was linearly increased in pigs fed YH supplementation. In addition, fecal Lactobacillus counts, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) concentration, and the lean meat percentage were linearly increased by YH supplementation. Also, YH supplementation elicited a linear reduction on drip loss during days 3, 5, and 7. In summary, dietary yeast hydrolysate supplement positively enhanced the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, Lactobacillus count and reduced the drip loss traits of finishing pig. Thus, we infer that the application of 0.1% S. cerevisiae YH can enhance the growth efficiency of finishing pigs.
Phytochrome contributes to blue-light-mediated stem elongation and flower initiation in mature Arabidopsis thaliana plants
Authors: Kong Yun , Zheng Youbin
Published: September 2021

To examine whether phytochromes contribute to blue-light-mediated stem elongation, plant phenotypic responses were investigated in wild type Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0), and its quintuple phytochrome (phyA phyB phyC phyD phyE) mutant plants under the following light treatments: (1) R, a pure red light from 660-nm LED; (2) B, a pure blue light from 455-nm LED; (3) BR, a impure blue light from LED combination of 94% B and 6% R; and (4) BRF, another impure blue light from LED combination of BR and 6 μmol·m−2·s−1 of FR (735 nm). A photosynthetic photon flux density of ≈100 μmol·m−2·s−1 was provided for all the light treatments. The calculated phytochrome photoequilibrium was 0.89, 0.50, 0.69, and 0.60 for R, B, BR, and BRF, respectively, indicating a higher phytochrome activity under R and BR than B and BRF. After 18 days of light treatment, B or BRF increased main stem length in wild-type plants compared with R, but BR had an inhibition effect similar to R. Also, B and BRF relative to R or BR induced earlier flowering and reduced leaf size in wild type plants, showing typical shade-avoidance responses. In phytochrome-deficient mutant plants, the above shade-avoidance responses were inhibited under B or BRF. However, hypocotyl length, a growth trait characterizing the de-etiolation stage, was reduced under B, BR and BRF vs. R regardless of phytochrome absence. These findings suggest that for mature Arabidopsis plants, phytochrome plays a role in blue-light-mediated stem elongation and the associated shade-avoidance responses.
Multi-objective optimization of muffler for vehicle air-conditioning compressor pipeline
Authors: Li Ming , Hou Gaolin , Shu Lei , Wei Changhua , Jiang Yan
Published: September 2021

The noise reduction of air-conditioning systems has gradually become an urgent problem linked to the requirement of driving comfort, and the muffler is a commonly used noise reduction equipment for air-conditioning pipelines. In this study, the transmission loss of a prototype muffler is co-simulated at different speeds. To optimize the muffler, a new method that combines orthogonal and detailed optimization was proposed. In orthogonal optimization, a multi-objective orthogonal test was used to analyze the effect of four structural parameters (shoulder height, cavity length, cavity diameter, and intubation length) on the average transmission loss, transmission loss at 1120 Hz, and frequency bandwidth below 4 dB. The influence of different factors on the transmission loss was studied at different speeds, and it was found that the length of intubation had a significant impact on the transmission loss. In a detailed optimization, the method is characterized by rapidity in the design of the air-conditioning system of a vehicle, and the final optimization model is determined. The results showed that the optimized structure was better than the original structure. The maximum reduction in the average noise can reach 11.99 dB, and the maximum noise reduction at 1120 Hz can reach 8.58 dB.
Charged lepton flavor violation in light of the muon magnetic moment anomaly and colliders
Authors: Li Tong , Schmidt Michael A. , Yao Chang-Yuan , Yuan Man
Published: September 2021

Any observation of charged lepton flavor violation (CLFV) implies the existence of new physics beyond the SM in charged lepton sector. CLFV interactions may also contribute to the muon magnetic moment and explain the discrepancy between the SM prediction and the recent muon$$g-2$$g-2precision measurement at Fermilab. We consider the most general SM gauge invariant Lagrangian of$$\Delta L=0$$ΔL=0bileptons with CLFV couplings and investigate the interplay of low-energy precision experiments and colliders in light of the muon magnetic moment anomaly. We go beyond previous work by demonstrating the sensitivity of the LHC, the MACE experiment, a proposed muonium-antimuonium conversion experiment, and a muon collider. Currently-available LHC data is already able to probe unexplored parameter space via the CLFV process$$pp\rightarrow \gamma ^*/Z^*\rightarrow \ell _1^\pm \ell _1^\pm \ell _2^\mp \ell _2^\mp $$pp→γ∗/Z∗→ℓ1±ℓ1±ℓ2∓ℓ2∓.
Measurement of the tensor analyzing power T20 for the reaction γd → pnπ0
Authors: Gauzshtein V. V. , Darwish E. , Fix A. I. , Kuzin M. Ya. , Levchuk M. I. , Loginov A. Yu. , Nikolenko D. M. , Rachek I. A. , Sadykov R. Sh. , Shestakov Yu. V. , Toporkov D. K. , Yurchenko A. V. , Vasilishin B. I. , Zevakov S. A.
Published: September 2021

This paper presents new results for the [Formula: see text]-component of the tensor analyzing power of the reaction [Formula: see text] in the photon energy range of [Formula: see text]. The experimental statistics accumulated in 2013 at the VEPP-3 accelerator-storage complex is used. The reaction events are identified by the coincidence registration of the proton and two [Formula: see text]-quanta from the decay of the neutral pion. To determine the [Formula: see text]-component, the asymmetry of the yields with respect to the change of sign of the tensor polarization of the deuterium target is measured. The experimental results are compared with the theoretical calculations in which the MAID 2007 model is used as the elementary pion–nucleon photoproduction amplitude and contributions from the pion–nucleon and nucleon–nucleon rescattering are taken into account.
Reflective black holes
Authors: Beradze Revaz , Gogberashvili Merab , Pantskhava Lasha
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a brief analysis of repeated and overlapped gamma-ray bursts, fast radio bursts and gravitational waves is done. These signals may not be emitted by isolated cataclysmic events and we suggest interpreting some of them within the impenetrable black hole model, as the radiation reflected and amplified by the black hole horizons.
Properties of spin and orbital angular momenta of light
Authors: Arvind  , Chaturvedi S. , Mukunda N.
Published: September 2021

This paper analyses the algebraic and physical properties of the spin and orbital angular momenta of light in the quantum mechanical framework. The consequences of the fact that these are not angular momenta in the quantum mechanical sense are worked out in mathematical detail. It turns out that the spin part of the angular momentum has continuous eigenvalues. Particular attention is given to the paraxial limit, and to the definition of Laguerre–Gaussian modes for photons as well as classical light fields taking full account of the polarization degree of freedom.
Highly dispersive optical soliton perturbation with cubic–quintic–septic law via two methods
Authors: Ali Khalid K. , Rezazadeh Hadi , Raza Nauman , Inc Mustafa
Published: September 2021

The main consideration of this paper is to discuss cubic optical solitons in a polarization-preserving fiber modeled by nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). We extract the solutions in the forms of hyperbolic, trigonometric including a class of solitary wave solutions like dark, bright–dark, singular, singular periodic, multiple-optical soliton and mixed complex soliton solutions. A recently developed integration tool known as new extended direct algebraic method (NEDAM) is applied to analyze the governing model. Moreover, the studied equation is discussed with two types of nonlinearity. The constraint conditions are explicitly presented for the resulting solutions. The accomplished results show that the applied computational system is direct, productive, reliable and can be carried out in more complicated phenomena.
Analysis of the Teaching Quality of College Ideological and Political Education Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Li Xiao , Dong Ying , Jiang Yanxia , Ogunmola Gabriel A.
Published: September 2021

Education refers to ideologies, traditions, culture, and values that guide education to economics, politics, morals, religions, information, reality, comparative and historical aesthetic, and artistic school knowledge. The challenging characteristics in political education include lack in knowledge sharing, user’s interactive experience, and incentive mechanism has become an essential factor. In this paper, the Deep Learning-Based Innovative Ideological Behavior Education Model (DL-IIBEM) has been proposed to strengthen the mechanism to promote information exchange, enhance the user’s interactive experience, and make the platform perform efficiently. Knowledge Network Mechanism Analysis is integrated with DL-IIBEM to strengthen user feedback probability, the average probability of completing social media tasks on a popular network, and the predicted utility degree for individual users. The entire platform is dramatically improved. The simulation analysis is performed based on the performance ratio based on data set 1 (98.2%) and 2 (95.3%), skill development ratio (95.3%), accuracy ratio, the teaching methods in ideological and political education, and Students Achievements ratio (98.2%) prove the proposed framework’s reliability.
Artin–Schelter regular algebras of dimension five with three generators
Authors: Li Jun
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we investigate Artin–Schelter regular algebras of dimension 5 with three generators in degree 1 under the hypothesis that [Formula: see text], in which the degree types of the relations for the number of the generating relations less than five can be determined. We prove that the only possible degree type of three generating relations is (2, 2, 3) and the only possible degree type of four generating relations is (2, 2, 3, 4).
Strongly ϕ-n-irreducible ideals
Authors: Darani Ahmad Yousefian , Mahdou Najib , Moussaoui Sanae
Published: September 2021

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring, [Formula: see text] be an ideal of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] be a non-null positive integer and [Formula: see text] be a function where [Formula: see text] is the set of ideals of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we define a new generalization of strongly [Formula: see text]-irreducible ideals called strongly [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-irreducible ideal, that is, whenever [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] ideals of [Formula: see text], then there are [Formula: see text] of the [Formula: see text]’s whose intersection is in [Formula: see text]. We study the stability of this new concept with respect to various ring-theoretic constructions such as the trivial ring extension and the amalgamation of rings along an ideal.
THE RESPONSE OF WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY TO CLIMATE PATTERNS: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTANI DISTRICTS
Authors: REHMAN FAHEEM UR , SOHAG KAZI
Published: September 2021

The study examines the impact of climate variables on wheat production in 10 major wheat-producing districts of Pakistan. In doing so, we apply the Driscoll–Kraay approach to estimate the panel data from 1981 to 2019. Our empirical analysis reveals that climate variables, including temperature, rainfall and humidity, follow a common correlation across districts. We find that wheat productivity and temperature, as well as rainfall, follow an inverted U-shaped relation. The response of the wheat productivity is quadratic rather than linear towards average temperature and rainfall during the specific time of cultivation, including planting, flowering and harvesting. Besides, fertilizer use promotes and humidity impedes wheat productivity. Our findings are robust considering heterogeneity, serial correlation and spatial dependency.
Exergy Analysis of an Ejector Cooling System by Modified Gouy–Stodola Equation
Authors: Sachdeva Gulshan , Sharma Bharat
Published: September 2021

In this paper, exergy destruction analysis of a heat-assisted ejector cooling system has been carried out using a modified Gouy–Stodola equation. The modified Gouy–Stodola equation provides a more accurate and realistic irreversibility analysis of the system than the conventional Gouy–Stodola formulation. The coefficient of structural bond (CSB) analysis has also been executed to find the component whose operating variables affect the system’s total irreversibility at the most. Exergy analysis revealed that the maximum exergy loss happens in the ejector followed by the generator and condenser. The model predicted 40.84% of total irreversibility in the ejector at the designed conditions. However, total exergy destruction is found to be the most sensitive to the evaporator temperature. The CSB value of 12.97 is obtained in the evaporator using the modified exergy method. The generator appears to be the second sensitive component with the CSB value of 2.42, followed by the condenser with the CSB value of 1.628. The coefficient of performance of the system is found to be 0.18 at the designed conditions. The refrigerant R1234yf is considered in the system.
A Comprehensive Survey of Attacks without Physical Access Targeting Hardware Vulnerabilities in IoT/IIoT Devices, and Their Detection Mechanisms
Authors: Polychronou Nikolaos-Foivos , Thevenon Pierre-Henri , Puys Maxime , Beroulle Vincent
Published: September 2021

With the advances in the field of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial IoT (IIoT), these devices are increasingly used in daily life or industry. To reduce costs related to the time required to develop these devices, security features are usually not considered. This situation creates a major security concern. Many solutions have been proposed to protect IoT/IIoT against various attacks, most of which are based on attacks involving physical access. However, a new class of attacks has emerged targeting hardware vulnerabilities in the micro-architecture that do not require physical access. We present attacks based on micro-architectural hardware vulnerabilities and the side effects they produce in the system. In addition, we present security mechanisms that can be implemented to address some of these attacks. Most of the security mechanisms target a small set of attack vectors or a single specific attack vector. As many attack vectors exist, solutions must be found to protect against a wide variety of threats. This survey aims to inform designers about the side effects related to attacks and detection mechanisms that have been described in the literature. For this purpose, we present two tables listing and classifying the side effects and detection mechanisms based on the given criteria.
Improving LDPC Decoding Performance for 3D TLC NAND Flash by LLR Optimization Scheme for Hard and Soft Decision
Authors: Cui Lanlan , Wu Fei , Liu Xiaojian , Zhang Meng , Xiao Renzhi , Xie Changsheng
Published: September 2021

Low-density parity-check (LDPC)
codes have been widely adopted in NAND flash in recent years to enhance data reliability. There are two types of decoding, hard-decision and soft-decision decoding. However, for the two types, their error correction capability degrades due to inaccurate
log-likelihood ratio (LLR)
. To improve the LLR accuracy of LDPC decoding, this article proposes LLR optimization schemes, which can be utilized for both hard-decision and soft-decision decoding. First, we build a threshold voltage distribution model for 3D
floating gate (FG)
triple level cell (TLC)
NAND flash. Then, by exploiting the model, we introduce a scheme to quantize LLR during hard-decision and soft-decision decoding. And by amplifying a portion of small LLRs, which is essential in the layer min-sum decoder, more precise LLR can be obtained. For hard-decision decoding, the proposed new modes can significantly improve the decoder’s error correction capability compared with traditional solutions. Soft-decision decoding starts when hard-decision decoding fails. For this part, we study the influence of the reference voltage arrangement of LLR calculation and apply the quantization scheme. The simulation shows that the proposed approach can
reduce frame error rate (FER)
for several orders of magnitude.
Criminal Record Stigma and Surveillance in the Digital Age
Authors: Lageson Sarah Esther
Published: September 2021

This review analyzes criminal record stigma and surveillance through the concept of digital punishment: the collection and widespread dissemination of personally identifiable data by the American criminal legal system and subsequent private actors. The analysis is organized into three parts: a descriptive account of the technological, legal, and social factors that have created mass criminal record data; a theoretical framework for understanding digital criminal records through stigma and surveillance theories; and an argument that contemporary criminal records constitute digital punishment, with emphasis placed on how digital records are disordered, commodified, and biased. I close by raising policy-relevant questions about the widespread disclosure and uses of criminal legal system data for extralegal purposes.
Measuring Pharmacogene Variant Function at Scale Using Multiplexed Assays
Authors: Geck Renee C. , Boyle Gabriel , Amorosi Clara J. , Fowler Douglas M. , Dunham Maitreya J.
Published: September 2021

As costs of next-generation sequencing decrease, identification of genetic variants has far outpaced our ability to understand their functional consequences. This lack of understanding is a central challenge to a key promise of pharmacogenomics: using genetic information to guide drug selection and dosing. Recently developed multiplexed assays of variant effect enable experimental measurement of the function of thousands of variants simultaneously. Here, we describe multiplexed assays that have been performed on nearly 25,000 variants in eight key pharmacogenes ( ADRB2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, NUDT15, SLCO1B1, TMPT, VKORC1, and the LDLR promoter), discuss advances in experimental design, and explore key challenges that must be overcome to maximize the utility of multiplexed functional data.
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure
Authors: Shah Kevin S. , Fang James C.
Published: September 2021

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve blood glucose control by blocking renal glucose reabsorption with little subsequent risk of hypoglycemia. Consequently, there are decreases in plasma volume, body weight, and blood pressure. Additional putative benefits include improved cardiovascular energetics, decreased systemic inflammation, and less renal dysfunction. Multiple cardiovascular outcome trials in diabetic patients have demonstrated this drug class reduces the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Reductions in heart failure (HF) hospitalization suggested that SGLT2 inhibitors might prove useful for the primary treatment of HF. Two large subsequent trials studying SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) demonstrated a reduction in cardiovascular mortality, HF hospitalizations, and renal-specific adverse events. This medication class is now recognized as a new pillar of therapy for patients with HFrEF. The cardiovascular and HF community await the results of ongoing trials of SGLT2 inhibition in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction.
Synthetic Retinoids Beyond Cancer Therapy
Authors: Gudas Lorraine J.
Published: September 2021

While the uses of retinoids for cancer treatment continue to evolve, this review focuses on other therapeutic areas in which retinoids [retinol (vitamin A), all- trans retinoic acid (RA), and synthetic retinoic acid receptor (RAR)α-, β-, and γ-selective agonists] are being used and on promising new research that suggests additional uses for retinoids for the treatment of disorders of the kidneys, skeletal muscles, heart, pancreas, liver, nervous system, skin, and other organs. The most mature area, in terms of US Food and Drug Administration–approved, RAR-selective agonists, is for treatment of various skin diseases. Synthetic retinoid agonists have major advantages over endogenous RAR agonists such as RA. Because they act through a specific RAR, side effects may be minimized, and synthetic retinoids often have better pharmaceutical properties than does RA. Based on our increasing knowledge of the multiple roles of retinoids in development, epigenetic regulation, and tissue repair, other exciting therapeutic areas are emerging.
Acid-sensing ion channels modulate bladder nociception
Authors: Montalbetti Nicolas , Carattino Marcelo D.
Published: September 2021

Our study indicates that protons and their cognate acid-sensing ion channel receptors are part of a mechanism that operates at bladder afferent terminals to control their function and that the loss of this regulatory mechanism results in hyperactivation of nociceptive pathways and the development of pain in the setting of chemical-induced cystitis.
Study on the Durability of Concrete under an Underwater Coupling Environment
Authors: You Chunhua , He Gen
Published: September 2021

The durability of the concrete structure under the coupling effect of underwater corrosion particles has always been one of the hot issues at home and abroad. Aiming at the damage problem of the underground concrete structure in a marine and offshore chloride corrosion environment, based on the pile foundation engineering of the Coastal Industrial Park, the corrosion resistance test of pile foundation concrete is carried out. By preparing 7 kinds of pile foundation concrete samples with different mix proportions, the mechanical properties of concrete with different ages were analyzed under the coupling environment of groundwater. The chloride penetration resistance of concrete was analyzed by the RCM method, and the sulfate corrosion resistance was analyzed by the 17D accelerated simulation test. The test results show that with the decrease of the water-cement ratio and the increase of the cementitious material, the concrete damage is less and the durability is improved. It is suggested that the water-cement ratio of 0.34 and the cementitious material of 480 kg/m3 be selected for the preparation of the pile foundation concrete; when the content of fly ash is 15%, the antisulfuric acid corrosion ability of the concrete cementitious system can be enhanced and the concrete with 40% mineral powder has strong antichloride ion corrosion ability; the results show that the chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete samples with seven mix proportions is less than 6

∗

10–12 m2/s, which can meet the durability design requirements and reduce the damage of concrete. The sulfate corrosion resistance of concrete samples with high-efficiency additives is the best.
Protective Effects of Gymnema inodorum Leaf Extract on Plasmodium berghei-Induced Hypoglycemia, Dyslipidemia, Liver Damage, and Acute Kidney Injury in Experimental Mice
Authors: Boonyapranai Kongsak , Surinkaew Sirirat , Somsak Voravuth , Rattanatham Rujikorn
Published: September 2021

Malaria complications are the most frequent cause of mortality from parasite infection. This study is aimed at investigating the protective effect of Gymnema inodorum leaf extract (GIE) on hypoglycemia, dyslipidemia, liver damage, and acute kidney injury induced by Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. Groups of ICR mice were inoculated with

1
×

10

7

parasitized erythrocytes of P. berghei ANKA and administered orally by gavage with 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg of GIE for 4 consecutive days. Healthy and untreated controls were given distilled water, while the positive control was treated with 10 mg/kg of chloroquine. The results showed that malaria-associated hypoglycemia, dyslipidemia, liver damage, and acute kidney injury were found in the untreated mice as indicated by the significant alteration of biological markers. On the contrary, in 250 and 500 mg/kg of GIE-treated mice, the biological markers were normal compared to healthy controls. The highest protective effect was found at 500 mg/kg similar to the CQ-treated group. However, GIE at a dose of 100 mg/kg did not show protection during malaria infection. This study demonstrated that GIE presented potential therapeutic effects on PbANKA-induced hypoglycemia, dyslipidemia, liver damage, and acute kidney injury. The results obtained confirm the prospect of G. inodorum as an essential source of new antimalarial compounds and justify folkloric use as an alternative malarial treatment.
Research on Intelligent Recognition Algorithm of Pneumonia Based on Deep Convolution and Attention Neural Network
Authors: Jiang Qiongqin , Song Wenguang , Yu Gaoming , Zhao Ming , Li Bowen , Li Haoyuan , Yu Qian
Published: September 2021

Pneumonia is a common infection that inflames the air sacs in the lungs, causing symptoms such as difficulty breathing and fever. Although pneumonia is not difficult to treat, prompt diagnosis is crucial. Without proper treatment, pneumonia can be fatal, especially in children and the elderly. Chest x-rays are an affordable way to diagnose pneumonia. Investigating an algorithmic model that can reliably and intelligently classify pneumonia based on chest X-ray images could greatly reduce the burden on physicians. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the four convolutional neural networks VGG16, ResNet50, DenseNet201, and DWA algorithm models are analyzed and given by comparing and investigating each model. The VGG16, ResNet50, and DenseNet201 network models are compared with the DWA model. When training the depthwise separable convolution with attention neural network (DWA), the training accuracy reaches 97.5%. The validation accuracy was 79% due to the model’s tendency to overfit, and the test dataset had 1175 X-ray images with a test accuracy of 96.1%. The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the attention mechanism and the reliability of the deeply separable convolutional neural network algorithm. The successful application of the deep learning algorithm proposed in this paper on pneumonia recognition will provide an objective, accurate, and fast solution for medical practitioners and can provide a fast and accurate pneumonia diagnosis system for doctors.
Dependence and Risk Spillover among Hedging Assets: Evidence from Bitcoin, Gold, and USD
Authors: Yu Jiang , Shang Yue , Li Xiafei
Published: September 2021

Understanding the dependence and risk spillover among hedging assets is crucial for portfolio allocation and regulatory decision making. Using various copula and conditional Value-at-Risk (CoVaR) measures, this paper quantifies the dependence and risk spillover effects between three traditional and emerging hedging assets: Bitcoin, gold, and USD. Furthermore, we investigate these effects at various short- and long-term horizons using a variational model decomposition (VMD) method. The empirical results show that there is strong negative dependence between gold and USD, but Bitcoin and gold are weakly and positively connected. Secondly, risk spillovers exist only between Bitcoin and gold and between gold and USD. The risk spillover effect between Bitcoin and gold are not stable, that is, if Bitcoin or gold faces the downward or upward risk, both the downward and upward risk of another asset have the chance to increase. The negative risk spillover between gold and USD is stable, especially in long-term horizons. Finally, the risk spillover between Bitcoin and gold as well as between gold and USD are asymmetric at downward and upward market environment.
The Study of a Wealth Distribution Model with a Linear Collision Kernel
Authors: Zhou Xia , Xiang Kaili , Sun Rongmei
Published: September 2021

The wealth substitution rate, which describes the substitution relationship between agents’ investment in wealth, is introduced into the collision kernel of the Boltzmann equation to study wealth distribution. Using the continuous trading limit, the Fokker–Planck equation is derived and the steady-state solution is obtained. The results show that the inequality of wealth distribution decreases as the wealth substitution rate increases under certain assumptions. The wealth distribution has a bimodal shape if the wealth substitution rate does not equal one.
Automated Prediction of Good Dictionary EXamples (GDEX): A Comprehensive Experiment with Distant Supervision, Machine Learning, and Word Embedding‐Based Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Khan Muhammad Yaseen , Qayoom Abdul , Nizami Muhammad Suffian , Siddiqui Muhammad Shoaib , Wasi Shaukat , Raazi Syed Muhammad Khaliq-ur-Rahman
Published: September 2021

Dictionaries not only are the source of getting meanings of the word but also serve the purpose of comprehending the context in which the words are used. For such purpose, we see a small sentence as an example for the very word in comprehensive book‐dictionaries and more recently in online dictionaries. The lexicographers perform a very meticulous activity for the elicitation of Good Dictionary EXamples (GDEX)—a sentence that is best fit in a dictionary for the word’s definition. The rules for the elicitation of GDEX are very strenuous and require a lot of time for committing the manual process. In this regard, this paper focuses on two major tasks, i.e., the development of labelled corpora for top 3K English words through the usage of distant supervision approach and devising a state‐of‐the‐art artificial intelligence‐based automated procedure for discriminating Good Dictionary EXamples from the bad ones. The proposed methodology involves a suite of five machine learning (ML) and five word embedding‐based deep learning (DL) architectures. A thorough analysis of the results shows that GDEX elicitation can be done by both ML and DL models; however, DL‐based models show a trivial improvement of 3.5% over the conventional ML models. We find that the random forests with parts‐of‐speech information and word2vec‐based bidirectional LSTM are the most optimal ML and DL combinations for automated GDEX elicitation; on the test set, these models, respectively, secured a balanced accuracy of 73% and 77%.
Cooperative Target Search of UAV Swarm with Communication Distance Constraint
Authors: Wang Ning , Li Zhe , Liang Xiaolong , Li Ying , Zhao Feihu
Published: September 2021

This paper proposes a cooperative search algorithm to enable swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to capture moving targets. It is based on prior information and target probability constrained by inter-UAV distance for safety and communication. First, a rasterized environmental cognitive map is created to characterize the task area. Second, based on Bayesian theory, the posterior probability of a target’s existence is updated using UAV detection information. Third, the predicted probability distribution of the dynamic time-sensitive target is obtained by calculating the target transition probability. Fourth, a customized information interaction mechanism switches the interaction strategy and content according to the communication distance to produce cooperative decision-making in the UAV swarm. Finally, rolling-time domain optimization generates interactive information, so interactive behavior and autonomous decision-making among the swarm members are realized. Simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm can effectively complete a cooperative moving-target search when constrained by communication distance yet still cooperate effectively in unexpected situations such as a fire.
Effect of Yoga on Blood Pressure in Prehypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Khandekar Janhavi Sandeep , Vasavi Vanamala Lakshmi , Singh Vijay Pratap , Samuel Stephen Rajan , Sudhan S. G. , Khandelwal Bidita
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Prehypertension is a precursor for developing hypertension and is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Yoga therapy may have a role in lowering the blood pressures in prehypertension and hypertension. This systematic review aims to synthesize the available literature for the same. Methodology. Databases such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for randomised control trials only in the time duration of 2010–2021. The main outcome of interest was systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Articles were screened based on the inclusion criteria, and 8 articles were recruited for the review. Meta-analysis was done for suitable articles. RevMan 5.4 by Cochrane was used for meta-analysis and forest plot construction. Risk of bias was determined using the Downs and Black checklist by three independent authors. Results. The meta-analysis of the articles favoured yoga intervention over the control intervention. Yoga therapy had significantly reduced the systolic pressure (−0.62 standard mean difference, at IV fixed 95% CI: −0.83, −0.41) and diastolic pressure (−0.81 standard mean difference, at IV random 95% CI: −1.39, −0.22). Secondary outcome measures studied were heart rate, weight, BMI, waist circumference, and lipid profile. The main protocol of yoga therapy included postures, breathing exercises, and different meditation techniques. A significant reduction in secondary outcomes was observed, except for HDL values in lipid profile which showed a gradual increase in yoga group in comparison with alternative therapy. Conclusion. Yoga therapy has shown to be significant in the reduction of systolic and diastolic pressure in prehypertensive population. Supporting evidence lacks in providing a proper structured dosage of yoga asanas and breathing techniques. Considering the existing literature and evidence, Yoga therapy can be used and recommended in prehypertensive population and can be beneficial in reducing the chances of developing hypertension or cardiovascular diseases.
Application of Internet of Things Sensor in Intelligent Art‐Aided Design
Authors: Xie Yihuai , Wang Wei
Published: September 2021

As a new and popular technology, the IoT is deeply affecting the design method of art. It not only brings many benefits but also brings challenges to the field of information storage. The structure of intelligent art‐aided design system based on IoT sensor is designed, and the traditional C/S is applied in the application structure. The IoT information storage center needs to design a suitable data storage scheme according to its data characteristics. On the basis of fully mastering the principles and concepts of decorative art and the basic process of art‐aided design, according to the magnanimity and temporal and spatial correlation, the application of this data distribution method to art‐aided design can significantly improve the efficiency of art design. Experiments show that compared with similar random and Bubba algorithms, this strategy has better performance in system in terms of DM and LBST index. Finally, using the results of the control group and the experimental group, this paper verifies that the art‐aided design system of the Internet of things can improve users’ design enthusiasm; develop design potential and initiative; improve designers’ observation ability, thinking method, and expression ability; and significantly improve users’ design ability and design level.
Radiomics Feature Analysis of Cartilage and Subchondral Bone in Differentiating Knees Predisposed to Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction from Healthy Knees
Authors: Xie Yuxue , Dan Yibo , Tao Hongyue , Wang Chenglong , Zhang Chengxiu , Wang Yida , Yang Jiayu , Yang Guang , Chen Shuang
Published: September 2021

Objectives. To introduce a new implementation of radiomics analysis for cartilage and subchondral bone of the knee and to compare the performance of the proposed models to classic T2 relaxation time in distinguishing knees predisposed to posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and healthy controls. Methods. 114 patients following ACLR after at least 2 years and 43 healthy controls were reviewed and allocated to training (n = 110) and testing (n = 47) cohorts. Radiomics models are built for cartilage and subchondral bone regions of different compartments: lateral femur (LF), lateral tibia (LT), medial femur (MF), and medial tibia (MT) and combined models of four compartments on T2 mapping images. The model performance of discrimination between patients and controls was illustrated with the receiver operating characteristic curve and compared with a classic T2 value‐based model. Results. The T2 value model of cartilage yielded moderate predictive performance in discerning patients and controls, with an AUC of 0.731 (95% confidence interval, 0.556–0.875) in the testing cohort, while the radiomics signature of cartilage and subchondral bone of different compartments demonstrated excellent performance, with AUCs of 0.864–0.979. Furthermore, the combined model reported an even better performance, with AUCs of 0.977 (95% confidence interval, 0.919–1.000) for the cartilage and 0.934 (95% confidence interval, 0.865–0.994) for the subchondral bone in the testing cohort. Conclusion. The radiomics features of the cartilage and subchondral bone may be able to provide powerful tools with more sensitive detection than T2 values in differentiating knees at risk for PTOA after ACLR from healthy knees.
Qingre Yiqi Method along with Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs in Treating Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jiang Li , Wang Shidong , Zhao Jinxi , Huang Weijun , Li Jiayue , Xiao Yonghua , Zhang Hua , Fu Qiang , Chen Yu , Yang Tao , Shen Esther Aijia , Su Guanxun , Zhang Yaofu , Li Zhuang
Published: September 2021

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of the Qingre Yiqi method in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with meta-analysis. Method. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the Qingre Yiqi method in the treatment of T2DM in the PubMed, Medline, EMBase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Weipu Journal, China Knowledge Network (CNKI), and Wanfang database were conducted. Three reviewers independently conducted the screening, extracted the data, and assessed methodological quality. Data analysis was performed using Rev Man 5.3 software for statistical analysis. Results. A total of 15 RCTs, including 1440 patients, were included. The results showed that compared with oral hypoglycemic drugs alone, the add-on treatment of the Qingre Yiqi method could significantly improve Chinese medicine syndrome (OR (95%CI) = 3.66 [2.47,5.42],

P
<
0.00001

) and lower the level of HbA1c (MD (95%CI) = −0.68 [0.91, −0.45],

P
<
0.00001

), triglyceride (TG) (MD (95%CI) = −0.38 [−0.58,-0.17],

P
=
0.0004

), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (MD (95%CI) = −0.25 [−0.37, −0.13],

P
<
0.0001

), and total cholesterol(TC) (MD(95%CI) = −0.40[−0.67, −0.13],

P
=
0.003

). In terms of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and postprandial blood sugar (PBG), subgroup analysis showed that the baseline of FBG and the number of combined oral hypoglycemic drugs of PBG were the major sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion. Compared with the standard treatment, the Qingre Yiqi method along with oral hypoglycemic drugs showed the more beneficial effects for T2DM on improving TCM syndromes and reducing the blood glucose and partial lipid parameter.