bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Body size, richness, and abundance of Staphylinidae unaffected by landscape composition and cropping system in a push–pull maize system in Kenya
Authors: Devine Nina Garcia , Luttermoser Tim , Poveda Katja
Published: August 2022

The change from predominantly natural to agricultural landscapes has been shown to reduce pollination and biological control services and also affect the functional traits of the insects that provide such services. Research shows that increasing agricultural area at the landscape scale can have variable effects on functional traits such as body size in predators. Moreover, local factors such as farm management strategies have also been shown to affect functional traits in insects. Studies of local or landscape effects on functional traits are often contradictory in temperate regions, and absent from tropical regions. In Kenya, local pest management technologies, e.g. push–pull systems have been shown to increase biological control, but data is lacking on how local management could affect body size of natural enemies. We investigated how the proportion of natural areas in the landscape and local management (push–pull) affected the body size of rove beetles (Staphylinidae) in Kenyan maize fields. Elytral and pronotal measurements were used to quantify body size, and a mixed-effects model was used to test the effect of landscape complexity and local management on the body size, richness, and abundance of rove beetles. We found no effect of landscape composition or local management on body size, richness, or abundance of rove beetles. We hypothesize that the lack of landscape effects could be caused by less plasticity in functional traits in tropical versus temperate zones. Our results demonstrate that changes in land use and local management do not always lead to changes in the diversity and functional traits of predator communities.
Is modafinil an effective adjunct to standard care in the treatment of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders?
Authors: Oyesanya Mayowa , Al-Juffali Noura
Published: August 2022

Antipsychotics are the cornerstone of schizophrenia management but they are not adequate in treating the negative and cognitive symptoms of the illness. The Cochrane review discussed in this commentary examines the safety and effectiveness of the wakefulness-promoting agent, modafinil, as an adjunct to standard care in the mitigation of negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Add-on modafinil, compared to add-on placebo and standard treatment, did not result in a clear benefit. Due to the heterogenous body of evidence, the quality of which ranged from very low to moderate, the review's conclusions are equivocal.
Το "Κίνημα του Ναυτικού" (1972-1973)
Authors: Στράτος Κωνσταντίνος
Published: August 2022

Αντικείμενο της διδακτορικής διατριβής αποτελεί το «Κίνημα του Ναυτικού» τον Μάιο του 1973, όπως έμεινε να ονομάζεται η συνωμοσία μιας ομάδας ανώτερων και κατώτερων εν ενεργεία αξιωματικών του ελληνικού Πολεμικού Ναυτικού με στόχο την ανατροπή της Δικτατορίας των Συνταγματαρχών. Κεντρικό ερώτημα της διατριβής είναι το πως η συνωμοσία κατέληξε να αναδειχθεί σε επίσημο σύμβολο της Τρίτης Δημοκρατίας για τον αντιδικτατορικό αγώνα και την αποκατάσταση του δημοκρατικού καθεστώτος. Προκειμένου να το απαντήσει, η διατριβή κινείται σε δύο ερευνητικούς άξονες. Ο πρώτος επιχειρεί να διαβάσει εκ νέου το «Κίνημα» φιλοδοξώντας να κατανοήσει τη φυσιογνωμία και τα χαρακτηριστικά του εντός της εποχής που συνέβη. Ο δεύτερος άξονας επιχειρεί, με βάση ακριβώς την προηγούμενη εικόνα, να κατανοήσει τη διαδρομή του «Κινήματος» στη συλλογική μνήμη μετά τη κατάρρευση της δικτατορίας, να εντοπίσει τη λογική των μεταγενέστερων αφηγήσεων για αυτό, να αναδείξει τον τρόπο που η μνήμη του προσαρμόστηκε στις πολιτικές και κοινωνικές ανάγκες της συγκυρίας. Βασική υπόθεση εργασίας είναι ότι το «Κίνημα του Ναυτικού», το οποίο αποτέλεσε έκφραση του πολιτικού ρόλου του μεταπολεμικού Ελληνικού Ναυτικού, στο πλαίσιο της Μεταπολίτευσης έχασε σταδιακά την πολιτική του διάσταση, ενσωματώθηκε στη συλλογική μνήμη και αποτέλεσε εν τέλει συστατικό στοιχείο του αφηγήματος για τη γέννηση και τον χαρακτήρα της Τρίτης Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας. Η έρευνα εντάσσεται ταυτόχρονα στην πολιτική και τη πολιτισμική ιστορία, χρησιμοποιώντας από τη δεύτερη μεθοδολογικά εργαλεία των σπουδών μνήμης. Η διατριβή προσεγγίζει το «Κίνημα» χρησιμοποιώντας μια πληθώρα πηγών: αρχειακά τεκμήρια (αρχειακές συλλογές αξιωματικών της συνωμοσίας, Κ. Καραμανλή, Ε. Αβέρωφ, κ.α.), μαρτυρίες, Τύπος και οπτικοακουστικές αποτυπώσεις. Βασικά συμπεράσματα της διατριβής είναι τα εξής: Η συνωμοσία υπήρξε πράγματι έκφραση του πολιτικού ρόλου του μεταπολεμικού Ναυτικού που το ήθελε εγγυητή της διατήρησης της Ελλάδας εντός της Δύσης και ο οποίος πήγαζε από την αποστολή που έπρεπε να εκπληρώσει στο πλαίσιο του ΝΑΤΟ: την προστασία των θαλάσσιων οδών επικοινωνίας που οδηγούσαν από τη Μεσόγειο στην Ελλάδα, τόσο σε περίοδο ειρήνης όσο και πολέμου. Βασικό κίνητρο των συνωμοτών ήταν ο φόβος ότι ο αντιαμερικανισμός που καλλιεργούσε το καθεστώς στην ελληνική κοινωνία θα ενίσχυε την Αριστερά, θέτοντας έτσι σε κίνδυνο τη σχέση της Ελλάδας με τη Δύση. Η ανάδειξη της συνωμοσίας σε σύμβολο της Τρίτης Δημοκρατίας έχει τις ρίζες της στη Μεταπολίτευση του 1974-1975, όταν ο συντηρητικός χώρος, για τον οποίο η συνωμοσία αποτελούσε σημαντικό γεγονός κατά της δικτατορίας, συγκρότησε μια συναινετική πολιτικά εικόνα της, η οποία καθιέρωσε τον χαρακτηρισμό της ως «Κίνημα του Ναυτικού». Αυτή αποτέλεσε και τη βάση των μετέπειτα ανανοηματοδοτήσεων του «Κινήματος». Επέτρεψε την ενσωμάτωση της συνωμοσίας στη μεταπολιτευτική συλλογική μνήμη και λίγες δεκαετίες αργότερα, στο νέο πολιτικό και ιδεολογικό πλαίσιο της μεταψυχροπολεμικής εποχής, να αναδειχθεί από το ελληνικό κράτος σε επίσημο σύμβολο της Τρίτης Δημοκρατίας στη νέα εποχή.
Αποτροπαϊκός και προστατευτικός χαρακτήρας φυλακτών στις συλλογές του Λαογραφικού και Εθνολογικού Μουσείου Μακεδονίας – Θράκης
Authors: Σουλούκος Σωτήριος
Published: August 2022

Στόχο της διατριβής αποτελεί η διερεύνηση της έννοιας του φυλακτού στην περίοδο από τον 18ο έως και τον 20ό αιώνα, καθώς εκτός από τα γνωστά φυλακτά (χαϊμαλιά και σταυροί) υπήρχαν παράλληλα πολλά κοσμήματα και αντικείμενα, τα οποία, πέρα από την επιτέλεση της πρωταρχικής τους χρήσης, είχαν και αποτροπαϊκό χαρακτήρα. Υπάρχουν πολλά ευγονικά, αποτροπαϊκά και προστατευτικά στοιχεία (λόγω του υλικού, του σχήματος, της διακόσμησης κ.ά.) σε κοσμήματα και εξαρτήματα της ανδρικής και της γυναικείας ενδυμασίας, που τοποθετούνταν σε ζωτικά όργανα του σώματος, από το κεφάλι (εγκέφαλος) μέχρι την κοιλιακή χώρα (γυναικείο και ανδρικό αναπαραγωγικό σύστημα).Εκτός από την τεκμηρίωση και την περιγραφή αδημοσίευτου υλικού από το Λαογραφικό και Εθνολογικό Μουσείο Μακεδονίας – Θράκης, κρίθηκε αναγκαία και η εξέταση της «βιογραφίας» τους, προκειμένου να ξεπεραστεί το απλό, περιγραφικό επίπεδο και να αναδειχθεί η αξία των συμφραζομένων (context) στην καταγραφή και στη μελέτη του υλικού πολιτισμού. Μάλιστα, προτείνεται η μελέτη του συγκερασμού της επίσημης και της ανεπίσημης θρησκείας στα αντικείμενα αυτά. Μέσω της συγκεκριμένης μελέτης διαπιστώνεται ότι η συνύπαρξη στοιχείων από τις τρεις αβραμικές θρησκείες (εξάλφα και ημισέληνος ή εξάλφα και στρατιωτικοί άγιοι) δεν είναι σπανία, αν και πιο συνηθισμένη είναι σαφώς η χρήση στοιχείων και συμβόλων που είναι επιφορτισμένα με ερμηνείες από την επίσημη και την ανεπίσημη θρησκεία.Τα φυλακτά αποτελούν ενσώματα και σωματοποιημένα πνευματικά αντικείμενα με σκοπό να προστατεύσουν τη σωματική - υλική διάσταση ενός πνευματικού και υλικού όντος. Ένα υλικό αντικείμενο, φυλακτό ή κόσμημα, επιφορτίζεται με πνευματικές δυνάμεις προκειμένου να προστατεύσει έναν οργανισμό υλικό και πνευματικό. Τα όρια του ανθρώπινου σώματος και του σώματος του φυλακτού καταργούνται και πλέον ξεκινά μια «ενσώματη φυλακτότητα».
Greek Women’s Habits through the Eyes of Early Travellers to Chios
Authors: Mitsi Efterpi
Published: August 2022

Focusing on the images and interpretation of clothing in relation to geographical and cultural space, this article explores the verbal and visual representation of the women of Chios in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century travel writing. The juxtaposition of text and image epitomises the women’s ambiguous depiction in relation to the growing interest in cultural differences as they are manifested through customs of dress. In Nicolas de Nicolay’s Navigations, the beauty of the women, who are compared to goddesses and nymphs, parallels the island’s wealth, fertility and glorious past. At the same time, the idealisation evident through the allusions to antiquity is counterbalanced by the women’s sexuality and extravagance, revealed through their dress, gesture and customs. In the context of the Ottoman Empire, which was seen by Nicolay and other early travellers as a realm of sexual depravation, the proliferation and reproduction of the images of Chian women suggest the ways in which gender, in particular, the dressed female body, is used to construct regional, national, and confessional identities.
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Małgorzata Borowska, Maria Kalinowska, Jarosław Ławski and Katarzyna Tomaszuk, eds., Filhellenizm w Polsce: Rekonesans
Authors: Ioannidou Alexandra
Published: August 2022

Review of Małgorzata Borowska, Maria Kalinowska, Jarosław Ławski and Katarzyna Tomaszuk, eds., Filhellenizm w Polsce: Rekonesans. Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warsazwskiego, 2007. 348 pp.
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Goals and Directions of Updating the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education
Authors: Vinogradova Natalya
Published: August 2022

The article discusses the problem of implementing the priority goals of the updated version of the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education: providing a unified educational space, developing in primary school children systemic knowledge about Russia's place in the world, preserving and developing cultural diversity and the linguistic heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation, solving the most important task of personal student development. The conditions under which the successful education of younger schoolchildren is ensured are characterized: the use of an individually differentiated approach, the integration of educational and extracurricular activities.
Pedagogical Rhetoric in Teaching Teacher and Student
Authors: Pervova G.
Published: August 2022

The article describes the experience of teaching pedagogical rhetoric as part of the subject of the culture of native Russian speech. The problem of the professional competence of the teacher of preschool and primary education in the field of speech activity is raised. The author briefly characterizes the history of the development of pedagogical rhetoric. A significant difference is emphasized in the quality of the language training of a teacher, educator and children, as well as ways to overcome this gap in the process of joint speech work. The styles and genres of speech inherent in the teacher as a carrier of the speech profession are characterized, methods and algorithms for their development are proposed. Additional sources of knowledge about listening and speaking as oral forms of speech of a teacher and a child, as well as speech samples from works of children's literature are named.
Features of Work According to the Updated Standard in the First Grade: Subject "Russian Language"
Authors: Kuznetsova Marina
Published: August 2022

The article discusses the features of the updated Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education (FSES PGE) 2021, which affect the teaching of the Russian language in general and in the first grade in particular. Changes in subject content and subject results are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the arguments in favor of the active use of sound analysis of words and the independent construction of word models. Directions of work on the content line "Development of speech" are revealed. The importance of complex work on meta-subject and subject results in Russian language lessons is substantiated. The notion of “functional literacy” introduced for the first time in the text of the updated standard is noted, which is interpreted as the ability to solve educational problems and life problem situations on the basis of the formed subject, meta-subject and universal methods of activity.
Nowa Administracja na rubieży cesarstwa – reformy wojskowe w chińskiej prowincji Yunnan w latach 1901–1911
Authors: Nowikiewicz Mateusz
Published: August 2022

Celem artykułu jest nakreślenie zagadnienia reform wojskowych w chińskiej prowincji Yunnan w ostatniej dekadzie panowania dynastii Qing (1901–1911). Analizie poddano zarówno proces formowania 19 Dywizji Nowej Armii, jak i poczynania kolejnych gubernatorów generalnych Yunnanu oraz Guizhou w obszarze obronności prowincji.
The effect of temperature change on metabolism: separating biological and chemical reactions
Authors: Rychert Krzysztof
Published: August 2022

Life-detection experiments carried out in extraterrestrial locations provided inconclusive results whether processes observed were biological or chemical. In this study, the typical effect of temperature on metabolic rates is described and a life-detection method that is easy to perform is proposed. The method comprises observing changes in microbial metabolic rates after temperature shift. The method was demonstrated by experiments on aquatic microorganisms in the Gulf of Gdansk (Baltic Sea). First experiment, in which temperature was shifted within the temperature range encountered at the sampling site, demonstrated a typical Q10 coefficient (2.84). The experiment in which temperature was shifted beyond the environmental temperature range provided an unexpectedly low Q10 coefficient (1.44), which indicated that excessive temperature exerted an inhibitory effect on metabolism. This response is not expected for chemical reactions, but it is typical for biological processes. In summary, a pair of properly-tailored experiments permitted separating biological and chemical reactions.
Botulinum toxin - introduction, indications and safety of usage
Authors: Kuchnicka Julia , Remjasz Klaudia , Siedlecki Wojciech , Aleksandrowicz Jakub , Fabiś Mateusz
Published: August 2022

Introduction and purpose:  

This review aims to introduct botulinum toxin as a potentially efficent and safe therapeutic option in many diseases. 

Material and method: 

This review was mainly based on articles collected in Pubmed in years 2012-2021. The research was done by looking through keywords as follows “botulinum toxin”, “botox”, “bruxism”, “first bite syndrome”. 

Results: 

The selected studies have demonstrated that botulinum toxin usage is effective, safe and should be considered as therapeutic option in many diseases. 

Conclusions: 

Botulinum toxin efficiency is proven in therapy of many different types of disorders. Further studies are required to reveal its full potiential, which will most likely lead to its increasing usage in treatment.
The role of magnesium deficiency in the pathogenesis of hypertension and the influence of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure – literature review
Authors: Białas Filip , Machaj Dominik , Baciur Patrycja , Skowrońska Katarzyna , Chmura Anna
Published: August 2022

Magnesium is a macronutrient that is very important for the proper functioning of the human body. Deficiency of this element is crucial in the development of many disorders in the proper functioning of many organ systems. The optimal level of magnesium has a significant influence on the functioning of the cardiovascular system, among others. Although the factors showing the mechanism of lowering blood pressure by magnesium ions are not fully understood, the influence of the correct concentration of magnesium in the human body on cardiovascular protection is beyond doubt. Magnesium supplementation produces positive effects in the functioning of blood vessels and in maintaining blood pressure within the normal range. In our article, we focused on the role of magnesium in maintaining normal blood pressure at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels, as well as on the impact of magnesium supplementation on reducing blood pressure.
Trigeminal Neuralgia - where are we today?
Authors: Perszke Michał , Egierska Dominika , Martynowicz Patrycja
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is one of the most crippling facial pain syndromes, which has a significant impact on quality of life. This chronic disorder presents as brief shock-like paroxysmal severe, stabbing pain with rapid onset in the distribution of trigeminal nerve (CNV). The aim of this article was to review the recent literature about the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment methods and the important advances in all these fields.Etiology and pathomechanism: The best known and tested theory on the genesis of the trigeminal neuralgia seems to be a nerve compression at the nerve root entry-zone. However there are other theories like the trigeminal convergence-projection theory, the bioresonance hypothesis or the ignition theory that are trying to explain the etiology of TN. Treatment: Available treatment methods consist mainly of medications and surgical procedures. Surgical treatment may be divided into 2 categories: destructive and non-destructive. Among these interventions we can distinguish percutaneous rhizotomy stereotactic radiosurgery and microvascular decompression. All of them are very efficacious, however MVD is approved as the gold standard in the treatment of TN. Botulinum neurotoxin  type A injections are not the first line for treatment, but it may be an attractive alternative for classic pharmaceutical or surgical therapy, as it’s safe and effective. Acupuncture is also proposed in recent studies as a valuable treatment option, even though there is little well-designed research.Conclusion: Much remains to be learned about the diagnosis, pathomechanism and methods of treatment of neuropathic pain and the efficacy of each of them. Further evidence-based studies are needed, as the amount of reliable materials is still not sufficient and lots of them have yet to be examined.
Comparison between Dual-X-ray Absorptiometry and Bioelectrical Impedance Analyses in dietary practice
Authors: Zborowski Marek , Mikulec Anna
Published: August 2022

Body composition assessment is an essential part of assessing overall health, training progress, nutritional status, and monitoring the level of body fat and lean tissue content. This article is a review made to compare body composition analysis methods with the help of BIA and DXA as a dieticians’ working tool. The practical advantages of the bioimpedance method enable the wide application of this method in dietary practice. BIA can be a safe and helpful method for monitoring patient progression in terms of changes in body composition. Although DXA is currently the gold standard for measuring body composition in clinical trials, the use of this method is associated with numerous limitations resulting from the high cost of the technique, limited availability of this type of equipment and time consumption.
An Approximate Dynamic Programming Approach to Repeated Games with Vector Losses
Authors: Kamble Vijay , Loiseau Patrick , Walrand Jean
Published: August 2022

A seminal study showed repeated games with vector payoffs, which has had wide-ranging applications to decision making under uncertainty. Although this study characterized the achievable guarantees in such games under the long-run average payoff criterion, the characterization and computation of these guarantees under the discounted payoff criterion have remained a significant gap in the literature. In “An Approximate Dynamic Programming Approach to Repeated Games with Vector Losses,” V. Kamble, P. Loiseau, and J. Walrand develop a set-valued dynamic programming approach along with an approximation framework to fully address this problem. This theory results in new algorithms that beat the state of the art for applications such as exact regret minimization in the well-known problem of prediction under expert advice.
La musaraña tropical mexicana: una pequeña excavadora en los bosques de niebla
Authors: Vilchis-Conde José Manuel , Guevara Lázaro
Published: August 2022

Las musarañas son un grupo poco conocido. Su apariencia ocasiona que comúnmente sean relacionadas con los ratones, sin embargo, en realidad están más emparentadas con los erizos y los topos, con quienes comparten el gusto por saborear diversos invertebrados.
No es maligno y no bebe tu saliva, es el gato colocolo que tiene sed por la sequía
Authors: Muñoz-Belmont Sheyla Nallely , Muñoz-Peña Patricio Antonio
Published: August 2022

En la mitología chilena, cuentan que el colocolo es un ratón con plumas; un animal maligno, que nace de un huevo de serpiente incubado por un gallo viejo, que se esconde en los rincones de tu casa, y cuando cae la noche, mientras duermes, sale a beber tu saliva, enfermándote hasta morir.
El curioso caso de la agresividad en hembras del desierto peninsular
Authors: Aguilera-Miller Eduardo Felipe
Published: August 2022

Al leer la palabra agresión, en un instante nos llegan imágenes de la consumación de los conflictos humanos que inundan las redes sociales. Lo anterior nos causa sentimientos de tristeza o aversión hacia lo considerado un comportamiento negativo, que generalmente asociamos con un origen perverso o malvado.
Structural and functional characteristics of stress resistance in sports amid coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Kozhan Altynay , Saudabayeva Gulmira , Aitzhanova Roza , Zhiyenbayeva Saira , Zhumakaeva Bereke , Ibragimkyzy Shynar
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of coping strategies among female track-and-field students of the first-third study years with different aggressiveness levels on the back of the coronavirus disease 2019-provoked self-isolation. The total sample of respondents comprised 360 female students majoring in Physical Education and Sports. All of them were enrolled in an online survey using the Anxiety, Frustration, Aggressiveness, and Rigidity methodology and Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced inventory. The study revealed that first-year students with high levels of aggressiveness focused on emotions and their expression under stress more often than first-years with moderate aggressiveness levels. Similarly, an increased concentration on negative emotions display was inherent to respondents of the second study year. The transition from the first to the third study year was marked with consolidation and strengthening of negative coping strategies used by female track-and-field athletes. This represents one of the central reasons for the deterioration of their psycho-emotional state during the quarantine. The most widely applied stress response tactics of female students of all 3 study years were associated with positive thinking, active coping, and planning (P≤ 0.05 with other coping strategies). Resort to psychoactive substances was noted less frequently (P≤ 0.01 with other strategies). As for the emotional component, increased attention to emotions’ expression and seeking of instrumental and emotional support were also chosen relatively often. The problematic issue needs further investigation in order to analyze whether stressful conditions persist or have decreased.
Effect of chronic alcohol intake on the expression of muscle atrophy-related proteins in growing rats
Authors: No Sung-Hwan , Moon Hwang-Woon , Kim Jun-Su
Published: August 2022

In this study, the effect of chronic alcohol intake for 4 weeks on the muscular atrophy factors of rat skeletal muscle was studied using 6-week-old growing Sprague-Dawley rats. Experimental animals were classified into a control group and an alcohol intake group. The alcohol intake group consumed alcohol orally at a concentration of 3-g/kg body weight every day for 4 weeks. The control group consumed tap water in the same way. After 4 weeks alcohol ingestion, glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum levels were measured. Western blot was performed to detect the expressions of muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1), protein kinase B (Akt), phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), forkhead box O (FoxO), phosphorylated FoxO (p-FoxO), p38, and phosphorylated p38 (p-p38). Results of this experiment showed that chronic alcohol intake enhanced triglyceride concentration. Chronic alcohol intake increased MuRF1 expression to promote muscle proteolysis and decreased p-Akt/Akt ratio and p-FoxO/FoxO ratio to inhibit skeletal muscle growth. Therefore, alcohol consumption has been shown to cause muscle atrophy.
Toppled Pediatric Radial Neck Fracture Treated by Open Reduction with Good Functional Outcome: A Rare Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Sivanandan Hari Muthukannan , Chhajed Sheel Sunil , Manoharan A E , Kumar Midun V
Published: August 2022

Introduction: 180 °rotated and displaced fracture neck of radius with displacement is rare case in pediatric age as the cartilaginous head absorbs the force and transmits it to the weaker physis or metaphysis of the neck. These fractures characteristically produce an angular deformity of the head with the neck. Case Report: This case report describes a rare case of 180° rotated and displaced fracture neck of radius with displacement. A 12-year-old female presented to OPD with history of self-fall over right elbow while playing and started complaining of pain over right elbow for about 2 h. She underwent open reduction internal fixation with k wire fixation procedures. She made an uneventful recovery and reported full range of motion after a follow-up of 3 months. Conclusion: The best treatment options in pediatric age suffering from a displaced (Judet classification type 4b) radial neck fracture with displacement in childhood is open reduction and fixation of fracture to avoid further joint stiffness and growth related deformity.
Return to Football after a Cervical Disk Arthroplasty: A Case Report
Authors: Satalich James , Carter Sean , Fisichella Anthony , Widmeyer Jonathan , Kalluri Prakasam , Vap Alexander
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Symptomatic cervical spine disk hernations in high-level athletes are traditionally treated with anterior cervical disk fusion (ACDF) after failed conservative management. Unfortunately, an ACDF comes with decreased mobility and only a return to sport 73.5% of the time. In high-level athletes, mobility and range of motion can be critical to their long-term success. This case report will discuss the successful treatment of a C6–C7 disk herniation with a cervical disk replacement (CDR). Case Report:This is a 23-year-old football player whom had a left paracentral C6–C7 disk herniation causing foraminal stenosis. He had significant triceps muscle wasting and weakness and he was not able to participate in football secondary to his symptoms. After failing 6 weeks of conservative, he underwent a CDR. At 8 weeks postoperatively, he was cleared for football and return to sport without complications. Conclusion: The CDR provides high-level athletes the ability to return to contact sports safely. In this unique case, we present a division one football player with a symptomatic cervical herniated disk that was treated with a CDR and return to sport without any limitations or complications. The CDR was able to treat symptoms, improve strength and motion, and ultimately allow the player to return to football. More studies need to be performed, but ultimately CDR in athletes can get them back on the field, improve their cervical range of motion, and decrease their risk of adjacent segment disease in the long run when compared to the cervical fusion.
Functional Outcome after Repair of a Post-Total Knee Replacement Quadriceps Rupture in a Morbidly Obese Patient: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Rajani Amyn M , Shah Urvil A , Mittal Anmol RS , Punamiya Meenakshi
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Quadriceps rupture after a total knee arthroplasty is a rare complication. In addition, morbid obesity confounds the early diagnosis of any loss of function of the extensor mechanism. Poor tendon quality, fraying, and retraction of the tendon pose a distinctive challenge while repair, predisposing it to failure. The literature is devoid of reports highlighting this complication in a morbidly obese patient and its subsequent successful management. Case Report: Through this case, we report a morbidly obese 71-year-old who underwent an uneventful left sided total knee arthroplasty and suffered from an atraumatic quadriceps rupture on post-operative day 17. The diagnosis was confirmed on ultrasound followed by magnetic resonance imaging. An innovative technique of repair incorporating two, 5 mm suture anchors for fixing the ruptured quadriceps into the patella, and subsequent fortification of the repair was undertaken, followed by a guarded physiotherapy regimen. At 10 weeks post-repair, the patient started walking without any assistive device and achieved excellent clinical and functional outcome without any complications. Conclusion: Post-total knee arthroplasty quadriceps rupture is a rare but dangerous complication, even more so in a morbidly obese patient due to the inherent weakness of the muscles and tendons. Timely diagnosis and adequate repair using the innovative technique described in this study, along with a guarded physiotherapy regimen that can help in dealing with such complications successfully, as shown in this case.
Case Report of a Distal Phalanx Interosseous Epidermoid Inclusion Cyst Presenting as an Enchondroma
Authors: Hewitt Claudette , Man Kathy , Prashanth Nagaraj , Kubba Faris , Shaerf Daniel
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Lesions in the distal phalanx can be attributed to a broad range of pathologies. Benign lesions such as enchondromas are common; however, there are a range of conditions that can mimic tumors on both clinical presentation and imaging. Case Report: Here, we report a case of a 42-year-old man who presented with pain and swelling in the distal phalanx of his right ring finger following trauma. Plain radiographs showed a fracture through a probable enchondroma in the distal phalanx, and this report was corroborated by an MRI. However intraoperatively, the lesion was found to be a caseous lesion encased in a capsule and histological examination revealed the lesion to be an intraosseous epidermoid inclusion cyst. Conclusion: In this report, we discuss how enchondromas can be differentiated from intraosseous epidermoid inclusion cysts on clinical and imaging appearances. Intraosseous epidermoid inclusion cysts are more common in young males, with the previous trauma at the site of the lesion. Radiographically intraosseous epidermoid cysts can be differentiated by enchondromas by the absence of calcification within the lesion, and the location of the lesion in the subungal part of the distal phalanx. Ultimately, however, the definitive diagnosis of both lesions is histological and therefore it is important to maintain a broad differential when approaching the diagnosis of distal phalanx lesions.
Hindfoot Endoscopy for the Treatment of Localized Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
Authors: Levaj Ivan , Dimnjakovic Damjan , Bojanic Ivan
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare and benign proliferative lesion affecting synovial lining of joints, bursae, and tendon sheaths. Depending on the extent of synovial involvement, two forms are distinguished, diffuse, and localized. Intra-articular localized form of PVNS (LPVNS) presents as a nodular, well circumscribed, pedunculated, or sessile soft-tissue mass. Case Presentation: We report a case of an unusual localization of LPVNS in posterior ankle recess in a 42-year-old male with concomitant anterior ankle impingement syndrome. To address both the posterior and the anterior ankle disorders the patient was treated with combined two-portal endoscopic hindfoot approach and anterior ankle arthroscopy within the same operative session. The hindfoot endoscopy encompassed complete removal of the localized mass, partial synovectomy of the area at the base of the lesion, removal of os trigonum, and a loose body impinged in the interval between tibia and fibula. The anterior ankle arthroscopy included removal of the osteophytes from the anterior distal tibia and dorsal talus. Patient continued his normal daily and sporting activities without any restrictions and no recurrence of LPVNS 2 years after the surgery. Conclusion: PVNS is an important clinical entity that should always be thought of as a differential diagnosis when treating patients with ankle disorders. Hindfoot endoscopy, when performed by an experienced ankle surgeon, is a safe and effective procedure for LPVNS of the posterior ankle recess, when deemed amenable to complete resection.
Management of a Rare Case of Cavernous Medullary Intraosseous Hemangioma in Proximal Tibia of a 38-year-old Female
Authors: Rajani Amyn M , Shah Urvil A , Mittal Anmol R S , Punamiya Meenakshi
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Intraosseous hemangiomas (IH) are one of the rarest bone tumors that an orthopedic surgeon comes across, more so in the long bones. It most often affects adult females, severely blunting their activities of daily living, coupled with potential debilitating complications such as pathological fracture. Case Presentation: We present a case of a 38-year-old female who presented with long standing pain and swelling in the left knee. Radiology, in the form of plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging, narrowed the diagnosis down to a benign form of osteoblastoma or hemangioma. With this in mind, the patient underwent radical excision of the lytic lesion, along with a margin of the surrounding normal bone. The defect was filled with impaction bone grafting and supplemented by a hydroxyapatite block and a poly ethyl ether ketone plate. The patient had excellent clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes at 6 months follow-up. Conclusion: With the inherent rarity of IH, especially when it affects the long bones, it has barely been reported in orthopedic literature. Subsequently, management protocols for such lesions are ill-defined, which can be deleterious to the patient as well as the surgeon. Through this case report, we show how to approach a patient presenting with associated complaints, and show a detailed outline of an efficacious management regime that gave excellent outcomes in our patient.
Rational design of a ZnO nanowire laser on a surface plasmon polariton
Authors: Yu Yongli , Liu Boyu , Duan Zhiyong , Ma Liuhong , Zhong Yinghui , Li Mengke
Published: August 2022

Plasmonic lasers, which use the strong confinement of surface plasmon polaritons, are key parts to realize ultracompact coherent light sources at deep subwavelength scales. We propose a plasmonic laser composed of a silicon substrate, ZnO nanowire, dielectric layer, metal layer, and electrode. In this structure, the superimposed coupling of the surface plasmon mode at the metal interface with the high refractive index gain nanowire mode makes the electric field in the spacer layer significantly enhanced. The ZnO nanowire is used as gain material to provide gain compensation. The optical and electrical properties are simulated with the geometric parameters and dielectric layer material. The results show that the structure has strong confinement of the optical field and can realize a deep subwavelength constraint at a lower threshold level. It provides theoretical support for realizing ultracompact coherent light sources.
Highly efficient and tunable terahertz polarization converter based on double subwavelength metallic gratings infiltrated with liquid crystal
Authors: Yang Jun , Zhang Guozhen , Xu Lu , Li Ying , Deng Guangsheng , Yin Zhiping , Lu Hongbo
Published: August 2022

In this work, a tunable cross-polarized transmission structure at the terahertz frequency was demonstrated, and the polarization state during modulation was investigated. The proposed structure can significantly enhance the polarization conversion performance of nematic liquid crystals by leveraging the formation of a Fabry–Perot-like resonant cavity that consists of two metal gratings. As a result, the incident waves are continuously reflected in the liquid crystal layer to complete the accumulation of polarization angle changes. From the experimental results acquired, it was concluded that the insertion loss of the cross-polarization transmission was less than 3 dB and the extinction ratio was larger than 28 dB in the frequency range of 388–426 GHz. Our work provides useful insights for improving the efficiency of cross-polarization conversion by enhancing the resonance process in a Fabry–Perot-like resonant cavity and, thus, significantly extending the equivalent optical path.
Remote sensing using a spatially and temporally controlled asymmetric perfect vortex basis generated with a 2D HOBBIT
Authors: Dai Kunjian , Miller J. Keith , Free Justin , Lemon Martyn , Dalgleish Fraser , Johnson Eric G.
Published: August 2022

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) is a potential tool for remote sensing applications since amplitude/phase distributions can be decomposed into an OAM basis for analysis. We demonstrate the generation of a spatially asymmetric perfect vortex (APV) basis based on a pulsed 2D HOBBIT (Higher Order Bessel Beams Integrated in Time) system using two acousto-optic deflectors and optical coordinate transformation optics. Results are demonstrated for numerous radii and OAM charges as high as 20, with switching speeds greater than 400 kHz. The spatial APV basis is used to design different types of pulse trains for amplitude object pattern recognition and phase object wavefront sensing. Experimental results of sensing are provided for an amplitude object and a phase object to demonstrate the feasibility of the spatial APV on remote sensing tasks.
Polarization eigenstates analysis of helically structured thin films
Authors: Gallant Gabriel J. , Bisson Jean-François
Published: August 2022

The optical properties of thin films are generally determined by direct photometric quantities. We show that additional insight into the properties of anisotropic thin films can be obtained by computing the polarization eigenstates and eigenvalues of their Jones matrices. We consider helically structured thin films, which display intriguing optical response, such as the circular Bragg resonance. Using numerical simulations and actual measurements, we show that the eigenvectors are mutually orthogonal in most regions of the wavevector space, except near the circular Bragg and the oblique resonances. Special wavevector values, called exceptional points, are found where the Jones matrix becomes defective and its eigenvectors coalesce. Exceptional points are also found in pairs of wavevector values differing only by a sample rotation by π around the direction normal to the sample; this property is shown to arise from Saxton - de Hoop’s reciprocity principle, which applies to lossy materials and contains time reversal symmetry, which only applies to lossless materials, as a special case.
Full Poincaré polarimetry enabled through physical inference
Authors: Lin Jianyu , Chang Jintao , Antonello Jacopo , Dai Ben , Wang Jingyu , Cui Jiahe , Qi Ji , Wu Min , Elson Daniel S. , Xi Peng , Forbes Andrew , Booth Martin J.
Published: August 2022

While polarization sensing is vital in many areas of research, with
applications spanning from microscopy to aerospace, traditional
approaches are limited by method-related error amplification,
accumulation, and pre-processing steps, constraining the performance
of single-shot polarimetry. Here, we propose a measurement paradigm
that circumvents these limitations, based on the use of a universal
full Poincaré generator to map all polarization analyzer states into a
single vectorially structured light field. All vector components are
analyzed in a single shot, extracting the vectorial state through
inference from a physical model of the resulting image, providing a
single-step sensing procedure. To demonstrate the feasibility of our
approach, we use a common graded index (GRIN) optic as our mapping
device and show mean errors of

<

1

%

for each vector component.
Our work paves the way for next-generation polarimetry, impacting a
wide variety of applications that rely on vector measurement.
Monolithic Kerr and electro-optic hybrid microcombs
Authors: Gong Zheng , Shen Mohan , Lu Juanjuan , Surya Joshua B. , Tang Hong X.
Published: August 2022

Microresonator-based soliton generation promises chip-scale integration of optical frequency combs for applications spanning from time keeping to frequency synthesis. Access to the soliton repetition rate is a prerequisite for those applications. While miniaturized cavities harness Kerr nonlinearity and enable terahertz soliton repetition rates, such high rates are not amenable to direct electronic detection. Here, we demonstrate hybrid Kerr and electro-optic microcombs using a lithium niobate thin film that exhibits both Kerr and Pockels nonlinearities. By interleaving the high-repetition-rate Kerr soliton comb with the low-repetition-rate electro-optic comb on the same waveguide, wide Kerr soliton mode spacing is divided within a single chip, allowing for direct electronic detection and feedback control of the soliton repetition rate. Our work establishes an integrated approach to electronically access terahertz solitons, paving the way for building chip-scale referenced comb sources.
Microcavity platform for widely tunable optical double resonance
Authors: Flågan Sigurd , Maletinsky Patrick , Warburton Richard J. , Riedel Daniel
Published: August 2022

Tunable open-access Fabry–Perot microcavities are versatile and widely applied in different areas of photonics research. The open geometry of such cavities enables the flexible integration of thin dielectric membranes. Efficient coupling of solid-state emitters in various material systems has been demonstrated based on the combination of high quality factors and small mode volumes with a large-range in situ tunability of the optical resonance frequency. Here, we demonstrate that by incorporating a diamond micromembrane with a small thickness gradient, both the absolute frequency and the frequency difference between two resonator modes can be controlled precisely. Our platform allows both the mirror separation and, by lateral displacement, the diamond thickness to be tuned. These two independent tuning parameters enable the double-resonance enhancement of nonlinear optical processes with the capability of tuning the pump laser over a wide frequency range. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate a 

>

T
H
z

continuous tuning range of doubly resonant Raman scattering in diamond, a range limited only by the reflective stopband of the mirrors. Based on the experimentally determined quality factors exceeding 300,000, our theoretical analysis suggests that, with realistic improvements, a

∼

m
W

threshold for establishing Raman lasing is within reach. Our findings pave the way to the creation of a universal, low-power frequency shifter. The concept can be applied to enhance other nonlinear processes such as second harmonic generation or optical parametric oscillation across different material platforms.
A mixed methods study of community-based health insurance enrollment trends and underlying challenges in two districts of northeast Ethiopia: A proxy for its sustainability
Authors: Hussien Mohammed , Azage Muluken , Bayou Negalign Berhanu
Published: August 2022

Background

The term "community-based health insurance" refers to a broad range of nonprofit, prepaid health financing models designed to meet the health financing needs of disadvantaged populations, particularly those in the rural and informal sectors. Due to their voluntary nature, such initiatives suffer from persistently low coverage in low- and middle-income countries. In Ethiopia, the schemes’ membership growth has not been well investigated so far. This study sought to examine the scheme’s enrollment trend over a five-year period, and to explore the various challenges that underpin membership growth from the perspectives of various key stakeholders.

Methods

The study employed a mixed methods case study in two purposively selected districts of northeast Ethiopia: Tehulederie and Kallu. By reviewing the databases of health insurance schemes, quantitative data were collected retrospectively from 2017 to 2021 to examine enrollment trends. Trends for each performance indicator were analyzed descriptively for the period under study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with nine community members and 19 key informants. Study participants were purposely selected using the maximum variation technique. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and translated into English. Thematic analysis was employed with both deductive and inductive coding approaches.

Results

Over the course of the study period, enrollment in the scheme at both districts exhibited non-linear trends with both positive and negative growth rates being identified. Overall, the scheme in Tehulederie has a relatively higher population coverage and better membership retention, which could be due to the strong foundation laid by a rigorous public awareness campaign and technical support during the pilot phase. The challenges contributing to the observed level of performance have been summarized under four main themes that include quality of health care, claims reimbursement for insurance holders, governance practices, and community awareness and acceptability.

Conclusions

The scheme experienced negative growth ratios in both districts, indicating that it is not functionally viable. It will fail to meet its mission unless relevant stakeholders at all levels of government demonstrate political will and commitment to its implementation, as well as advocate for the community. Interventions should target on the highlighted challenges in order to boost membership growth and ensure the scheme’s viability.
In silico functional and pathway analysis of risk genes and SNPs for type 2 diabetes in Asian population
Authors: Islam Md. Numan , Rabby Md. Golam , Hossen Md. Munnaf , Kamal Md. Mostafa , Zahid Md. Ashrafuzzaman , Syduzzaman Md. , Hasan Md. Mahmudul
Published: August 2022

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has earned widespread recognition as a primary cause of death, disability, and increasing healthcare costs. There is compelling evidence that hereditary factors contribute to the development of T2D. Clinical trials in T2D have mostly focused on genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in protein-coding areas. Recently, it was revealed that SNPs located in noncoding areas also play a significant impact on disease vulnerability. It is required for cell type-specific gene expression. However, the precise mechanism by which T2D risk genes and SNPs work remains unknown. We integrated risk genes and SNPs from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and performed comprehensive bioinformatics analyses to further investigate the functional significance of these genes and SNPs. We identified four intriguing transcription factors (TFs) associated with T2D. The analysis revealed that the SNPs are engaged in chromatin interaction regulation and/or may have an effect on TF binding affinity. The Gene Ontology (GO) study revealed high enrichment in a number of well-characterized signaling pathways and regulatory processes, including the STAT3 and JAK signaling pathways, which are both involved in T2D metabolism. Additionally, a detailed KEGG pathway analysis identified two major T2D genes and their prospective therapeutic targets. Our findings underscored the potential functional significance of T2D risk genes and SNPs, which may provide unique insights into the disease’s pathophysiology.