bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sosialisasi Buku Saku Simpus di Puskesmas Setabelan Surakarta dan Heatlh Center di Timor Leste
Authors: Ani Noor Frieda , Gita Anggi Putri Aria , Pratiwi Ajeng Maharani , Prastyoningsih Aris , Safitri Wahyuningsih , Pinto Sufina , Rahayu Retnaning Tyas
Published: January 2025

ABSTRAK Sistem Informasi Manajemen Puskesmas (SIMPUS) adalah alat penting untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pengelolaan kesehatan di Puskesmas. Namun, masih terdapat keterbatasan pemahaman dan partisipasi tenaga kesehatan dan masyarakat dalam penerapannya. Meningkatkan pemahaman dan partisipasi tenaga kesehatan serta masyarakat terhadap SIMPUS melalui sosialisasi buku saku. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Setabelan, Surakarta, Indonesia, dan Health Center di Timor Leste. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pemberian informasi, distribusi buku saku, serta pelatihan penggunaan SIMPUS. Evaluasi dilakukan melalui survei dan analisis partisipasi masyarakat. Sosialisasi dan pelatihan yang dilakukan meningkatkan pemahaman dan partisipasi tenaga kesehatan dan masyarakat terhadap SIMPUS. Kegiatan ini berhasil membuka jalan bagi penggunaan SIMPUS yang lebih efektif dan luas dalam pengelolaan kesehatan masyarakat. Kata Kunci: SIMPUS, Buku Saku, Partisipasi Masyarakat, Pengelolaan Kesehatan ABSTRACT The Primary Health Care Management Information System (SIMPUS) is a crucial tool for enhancing the effectiveness of health management in primary healthcare centers (Puskesmas). However, there are still limitations in the understanding and participation of healthcare workers and the community in its implementation. To improve the understanding and participation of healthcare workers and the community in SIMPUS through the dissemination of pocket books. This activity was conducted at Puskesmas Setabelan, Surakarta, Indonesia, and Health Centers in Timor Leste. The methods used included information dissemination, distribution of pocket books, and training on the use of SIMPUS. Evaluation was carried out through surveys and analysis of community participation. The dissemination and training activities led to an increase in the understanding and participation of healthcare workers and the community in SIMPUS. This initiative successfully paved the way for more effective and widespread use of SIMPUS in public health management. Keywords: SIMPUS, Pocket Books, Community Participation, Health Management.
Implementation of Digital Technology to Improve Balance at Elderly Posyandu
Authors: Nazhira Fidyatul , Anggraeni Risa Kusuma , Faradillah Kiki Rezki , Rabia Rabia , Ghani Gibran , Puspadini Dinda , Nainggolan Marcel Geordan , Rifanty Ananda Putri , Wibisono Heri
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT This community service initiative was designed to enhance balance among the elderly by leveraging digital technology at Posyandu Lansia RW 06, Rangkapan Jaya Baru, Depok City. The underlying issue was that Indonesia's increasing life expectancy was not accompanied by healthier lifestyle habits, leading to a higher risk of falls. Poor balance among the elderly elevated the likelihood of falls, which could adversely affect their independence and quality of life. The research methodology involved conducting Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) to identify primary concerns, educating participants on the importance of balance, and providing balance exercise training through digital instructional videos. Evaluations were performed using pre-test and post-test assessments. The results indicated a significant improvement in the participants' knowledge. In conclusion, despite challenges like limited access to technology, the program successfully achieved its objectives and showed potential for further development and implementation in other locations. This initiative provided tangible benefits to the elderly, boosting their confidence in daily activities, reducing the risk of falls, and thereby enhancing their overall quality of life. Keywords: Elderly, Balance, Exercise, Technology
Teaching with Large Language Models in the History of Philosophy
Authors: Michael Otteson
Published: January 2025

This paper examines and catalogues my experiences assigning students to use large language models (LLMs) to engage with material from the history of philosophy.  Following suggestions to make recursive assignments from Julia Staffel, the LLM centered assignment asked students to elicit two responses from generative AI with the same prompt and then evaluate which response was superior.  Student performance on the assignments generally mirrored what they had done on traditional essay assignments in my classes, suggesting that the LLM assignment was appropriate for college level classes.
The ChatGPT Exam
Authors: Black Ashley
Published: January 2025

As university instructors grapple with the many challenges that generative AI poses for education, we must face the reality that AI-literacy will increasingly be an essential skill for students entering the workforce. This article examines the author’s experience in having students critique and revise ChatGPT-generated essays as a form of assessment. Used in place of traditional exams, this assignment is designed to assess learning, promote engagement with course materials, and educate students about the limitations and responsible use of AI. The results so far have been promising, with students demonstrating critical thinking, mastery of course content, and improved AI-literacy. Most significantly, the ChatGPT Exam shows significant potential for building confidence among first generation and minoritized students. (This abstract was written with assistance from ChatGPT).
The SIMCA Study Protocol: Factors influencing the implementation of the Midwifery Continuity of Carer (MCoC) model of care in NHS maternity care in England: A mixed methods cross case analysis involving clinicians, women and policy makers
Authors: Milton Rebecca , Channon Susan , Sanders Julia , Kenyon Sara , Middlemiss Aimee , Strange Heather , Davies Kate , Choudary-Salter Lena , Barry Susan , Prendeville Tina , Jones Aled
Published: January 2025

Background During pregnancy, labour and early motherhood, most women in the UK receive care from different midwives. NHS policy change in England sought to introduce a model of care whereby each woman is cared for by the same midwife throughout antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal periods, supported by a small team of midwives to cover off-duty periods. This model is called the Midwifery Continuity of Carer (MCoC). This study proposes to evaluate the implementation and delivery of MCoC across England, aiming to better understand the factors that result in different rates of progress with MCoC implementation. Aim To identify the local, regional and national factors which contribute to variable progress with implementation of MCoC in the NHS in England? Methods A sequential mixed-methods study, informed by implementation science frameworks will be delivered over three work packages. Following a literature review of the challenges and successes of previous attempts to implement MCoC (work package 1), six case studies in NHS Trusts will be undertaken to better understand different rates of progress with MCoC implementation and people's experiences of MCoC implementation through: interview and questionnaire (maternity services staff); interviews (service-users); observation of relevant implementation meetings and organisational documentation collection (work package 2). Interviews will be undertaken with national and regional stakeholders relevant to MCoC implementation (work package 2). Data analysis will be conducted both inductively and deductively, informed by implementation science constructs (work package 3). Dissemination Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conferences and events. Results will be of interest to the public, clinical and policy stakeholders in the UK and will be disseminated accordingly.
Distributed Target Recognition with Correlated Features
Authors:   Valdosta, GA, United States of America, Kelsey P. William
Published: January 2025

This short paper describes the distributed recognition of targets. The sensor data fusion of features arising from multiple
sensors is considered for the purpose of target recognition/classification. This is performed in a scenario wherein the
underlying distributions are not Gaussian (i.e., the distributions do not obey Normality). Furthermore, there is ‘correlation’
between the separate sensor features. The separate (sensor) features are not statistically independent. The data fusion
procedure pursued here does not find itself in the object identification sensor data fusion paradigm. It is an intermediate step
between the two levels of data fusion for target recognition. In a departure from the (class) conditional assumptions typically
made, another factorization of the joint conditional distribution is evaluated. This factorization requires the conditioning
on previous feature vectors. A novel adaptive procedure is suggested to address that alternate factorization. A non-standard
nonparametric classification procedure is detailed in providing the classification results. The classification/recognition results
are for multiple classes. Results are compared against the centralized method and the statistically independent method
Dolichenus Kültü: Yozgat Müzesi Örnekleri
Authors: Has Ahmet Cuneydi
Published: January 2025

İnsanoğlunun geçmişinde yadsınamaz bir rolü olan kuşların sanatsal anlamda çıkış noktalarının Suriye ve Anadolu olduğu görüşü ağır basmaktadır. Anadolu’da bu tipler içerisinde sıklıkla karşılaşılan kartal figürü, göksel kudreti temsil etmekte ve zaferle ilişkilendirilmektedir. Bu araştırmada ise en önemli atribüsü kartal olan baş tanrı Jüpiter’in (Zeus) sayısız kültleri arasında yer alan ve farklı tiplerle betimlenen Dolichenus kültünün tanımı, doğuşu, yayılımı ve tasvirlerine değinilmiştir. Anadolu’dan doğan ve Roma İmparatorluğu’nun geniş bir kesiminde hayat bulan ve çok farklı şekillerde betimlenen Doliche Kült tanrısı Jüpiter’i, boğa ya da keçi figürleri üzerinde değil bunları pençeleri altına alan kartal ile temsil edildiğini görüyoruz. Bahsettiğimiz tipte örneklerini gördüğümüz Yozgat Müzesi’nde bulunan iki eserle de konu daha geniş bir yelpazede aktarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca akıllarda kalan: “Dolichenus kültünü yaşayan toplumların neden böyle bir inanışa ihtiyaç duyduğu” sorusu da cevaplanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Peer Learning Effects on Students Outcomes: A Second Order Meta Analyses
Authors: Kaya Metin , Aydın A. Taylan , Altunbaşak İlker
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of peer learning (PL) on student outcomes. To this end, 11 first-order meta-analysis (FOM) studies were reviewed. FOMs were accessed from the Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, Eric, Academic Search Ultimate, PsycNet, and Google Academic databases. The searches cover the years between 2000 and 2024. FOM (Factoring-Out Misconceptions) research encompasses both K-12 and higher education levels. While k=5 studies reported Cohen’s d effect size indexes (d), k=11 studies reported Hedge’s g effect size indexes (g).İn this analyses totals sixteen effect size (k=16) values obtained from FOM studies have been statistically analyzed. The research method used was second-order meta-analysis. Statistical analyses were conducted under the random model. Publication bias of effect sizes was examined. The study concluded that the impact of PL on student outcomes is weak (ES= .40 [CI= .33-0.47], p < .01). It was found that the effect sizes between PL and student outcomes have low levels of publication bias. It has been observed that PL has a higher impact on academic achievement compared to affective, professional skills, and social skills. It was also found that the effect sizes vary according to the languages of primary studies and the publication bias status of FOM studies. The group of FOMs exhibiting publication bias has a high-level effect size (while other groups have produced low-level effect sizes.
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN PELATIHAN PADA DIVISI CUSTOMER SERVICE & KEY ACCOUNT PT XYZ JAKARTA
Authors: Satibi Muhammad , Sembiring Indra Refipal , Matoati Rindang
Published: January 2025

The decline in customer satisfaction scores in the Customer Service Key Account (CS KA) Division of PT XYZ Jakarta indicates the need to improve knowledge, skills, and work behavior through a training program. This training is intended to address the gap between the competencies possessed by employees and the competency requirements for the positions within the division. The purpose of this research is to identify the components of competence, analyze the gap between job competency requirements and personal work competence, and prioritize as well as recommend appropriate training needs for employees of the CS KA Division. The sampling method used is saturated sampling, with a total sample of 19 people. The research methodology applies training need assessment tools (TNA-T) with a KKJ-KKP gap analysis. Data processing is carried out using Microsoft Excel. After analyzing the data, the results show that all positions in the CS KA division, except for the CS Manager, require training. Four competency indicators are identified as top priorities, and eight other competency indicators are secondary priorities that need training. The recommended training methods to address these gaps include lecture/e-lecture, case studies, role-playing, and self-directed learning.
PERSEPSI TENTANG UU CIPTA KERJA SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA KARYAWAN
Authors: Erika Fransiska , Rifa’i Muhamad , Agustim Warter , Suci Sayekti Rr. Nugraheni Suci Sayekti
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of employee perception on the job creation law regarding the certainty of employee rights, job opening, employee comfort and security, and to help employees affected by layoffs to work motivation both partially and simultaneously. The method used was the quantitative method, the data used was secondary data and primary data obtained from the distribution of questionnaires to be filled out by 92 respondents, data analysis was using multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing using t-test and f-test. The results of the study showed that the certainty of employee rights, job opening, employee comfort, and helping employees affected by layoffs had a significant effect on work motivation in the network in Taman Rekerasi Sengkaling, both partially and simultaneously.
Emotional Resilience, Social Support, and Coping Strategies among Persons Deprived of Liberty Experiencing Grief in a District Jail in Surigao del Sur: A Multiple Case Study
Authors: Almanon Celeste Faith R. , Dalan Kris Hanley M.
Published: January 2025

This study investigates emotional resilience, social support, and coping mechanisms among male Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL) experiencing grief in a district jail in Surigao del Sur, Philippines. In-depth interviews were conducted with three male detainees using a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2021), involving complete coding to capture relevant data, followed by identifying significant statements, emerging concepts, subcategories, categories, and themes. Thematic tables were used to organize findings, and both within-case and cross-case analyses were performed. Three key themes emerged: individual adaptive responses, impact of interpersonal connections, and grief management techniques. Common grief symptoms—somatic, emotional, and behavioral—were heightened by incarceration. Despite these challenges, participants showed emotional resilience, shaped by personality traits and past experiences, demonstrating adaptability, emotional regulation, and acceptance. Social support, primarily from family and jail staff, provided informational, instrumental, and emotional aid, but barriers like stigma and limited awareness hindered access to resources. Coping mechanisms included problem-focused and emotion-focused strategies such as humor, religion, and purposeful activities, emphasizing the need for personalized support. A psychological intervention program grounded in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is proposed to address grief among PDLs. The study recommends longitudinal research and program evaluations to improve support for grieving detainees.
Duhamel Spur in an Adult Male with High Anorectal Malformation and Hirschsprung's Disease
Authors: Klazura Greg , Eberhardt Joshua
Published: January 2025

Background: Although a Duhamel Spur is a well documented phenomena. Literature on its frequency and management is limited. Furthermore, the existence of concomitant Hirschsprung’s Disease (HD) and anorectal malformations (ARM) is exceedingly rare.

Case Summary: A 29 year old male with a history of ARM, HD, and urinary stoma, presented with fatigue and body aches. CT revealed a blind-ending large pouch in the left lower quadrant. According to records from Pakistan, in the OR, the appendix, cecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon were missing as an infant. A small segment of gut ended blindly behind the bladder over the middle of the sacrum. Histology of the terminal portion of the colon revealed the absence of ganglion cells, suggesting HD. When the patient returned to the OR at one year old he likely received both a Posterior Sagittal Anorectoplasty for his ARM and a Duhamel procedure for his HD. During the operation his urethra was injured, repaired and a foley catheter was left in place for an unknown amount of time. At the age of 12 the patient was unable to evacuate his bladder and he was given a suprapubic vesicostomy.

Management: We performed a preoperative colonoscopy. Upon entering the anus there was a smaller lumen and a larger lumen. In the OR the patient was placed in a lithotomy position for cystoscopy and stent placement. Next, we performed a midline laparotomy. The mass was under such tension it virtually sprang forth from the abdomen when the fascia was opened. We then fired a stapler multiple times across the neck of the mass where it arose off of the rectum with the sigmoidoscope in place.

Outcome: Patient was able to tolerate a diet on POD 5. Urology planned for outpatient internalization of nephrostomy tubes. The patient was discharged in stable condition.
Enhancing Operating Room Surgical Efficiency through Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Espaillat Alejandro
Published: January 2025

Operating rooms are critical in delivering healthcare services, yet they often face efficiency and resource management challenges. In recent years, integrating artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has shown great potential in optimizing operating room operations. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of AI's latest advancements and applications in enhancing operating room efficiency in forecasting the duration of surgical cases, maximizing the allocation of resources in the post-anesthesia care unit, and identifying instances of surgical case cancellations. Various AI-enabled solutions such as predictive analytics, robotic surgery, and intelligent scheduling systems are discussed, as well as augmented reality, highlighting their impact on improving patient outcomes, reducing costs, and saving valuable time for healthcare professionals. Furthermore, challenges and future directions in AI-driven operating room management are also explored to provide insights for further research and implementation.
The Effect of Throttle Signal Output Voltage Variation and Load on Current Consumption
Authors: Dwi Rangga Wardana Sahwala , Amalia Zakiyah
Published: January 2025

Many electric motorcycle users complain about the difficulty in controlling acceleration with precision, especially if they have never ridden a motorized vehicle before. This control difficulty is a result of the characteristics of BLDC motors, which have high torque instantly. While this characteristic is generally considered an advantage, in this discussion it is a disadvantage that can reduce rider comfort when operating an electric motorcycle. When the rider twists the throttle for the first time, the electric motor immediately spins at maximum power. The issues mentioned serve as the background for the  this research entitled "The Effect of Throttle Signal Output Voltage Variations and Load on Current Consumption and BLDC Motor Speed in Electric Motorcycles."The method used in this research is an experimental method by varying the load at 60 kg, 70 kg, and 80 kg and three levels of throttle output voltage changes.The results of this study show that changes in load and throttle output voltage affect current consumption and BLDC motor speed. The highest current consumption is achieved when the vehicle is loaded with 80 kg and using mode 1 at 3.5309 A. The lowest current consumption is achieved when the vehicle is loaded with 60 kg and using mode 3 at 1.4403 A. The highest rotational speed is obtained in mode 1 with a 60 kg load at 219.341 rpm. The lowest rotational speed is obtained in mode 3 with an 80 kg load at 141.37 rpm.
Blockchain-Based E-Voting System: A Decentralized Approach on the Ethereum Private Network
Authors: Syaifudin Yan Watequlis , Prada Aprilia Silvia , Apriliyanto Salies , Rizqiyatul Himmah Dinda , Siradjuddin Indrazno , Sinal Mohammad , Aulia Rahmadani Alfiandi
Published: January 2025

The e-voting system, which is based on blockchain technology, greatly improves the security, transparency, and integrity of electronic voting. This is achieved by using a decentralized ledger system that distributes the recording of votes, allows for public verification, and maintains voter anonymity through cryptographic methods. This resilient method guarantees that once a vote is submitted, it is securely recorded and cannot be changed without the agreement of network members, thereby protecting the integrity of elections. Built on the private Go Ethereum (Geth) network, this study implements an e-voting system that features validator nodes for transaction verification, user-friendly mobile applications for voter interaction, and comprehensive smart contract capabilities that define the voting process rules. The mobile application guides users from launching the app and authenticating their identity to selecting candidates and securely recording their votes, ensuring seamless connectivity to the blockchain and incorporating essential verification steps. Furthermore, the implementation process includes meticulous setup of Ethereum nodes, smart contract development, and thorough testing for functionality, performance, and security. The evaluation focuses on aspects like maintaining data transparency, user authentication, and resilience against unauthorized access, demonstrating high user satisfaction with the app's performance. Ultimately, this blockchain-based system addresses modern electoral challenges, ensuring a secure, transparent, and reliable voting experience that fosters trust among all stakeholders involved.
Performance Ratio of Photovoltaic Energy Sources in the Application of E-bike Charging Station
Authors: Munir Abdullah Faiq , Hidayat Mohammad Noor , Imammuddin Azam Muzakhim , Nugroho Aji , Heryanto/Eryk Irwan , Saputra Masramdhani
Published: January 2025

Solar energy converted by the use of photovoltaic modules, requires testing the performance of the conversion results, to determine the efficiency and performance ratio, when unloaded and loaded. The implementation of this photovoltaic energy source, the researcher aims to use the load of the e-bike at the e-bike charging station with a peak power capacity of 200 Wp PV and a battery storage capacity of 200 Ah 12 V. The test results obtained that PV provides 69% of the load power needs with a peak power of 98.67W at 12.25 WIB, while the battery supplies 31%,   with a total PV energy of 0.68 kWh, and the Performance Ratio (PR) of solar panels was obtained at 85.7%. The load of the e-bike itself absorbs 437.6 Wh of energy from SoC charging (62%-100%) with a charging duration of 3.42 hours, where the charging of the e-bike in planning requires 576 Wh of energy for 4.5 hours from the SoC (50%-100%).
Vocational knowing and becoming in VET and VTE: How bringing them together can provide new insights for vocational pedagogies
Authors: Korp Helena , Grundberg Lina , Lindholm Maj-Lis Lindholm , Påsse Marie , Wyszynska Johansson Martina
Published: January 2025

This article addresses how vocational knowing and becoming are cultivated in vocational education and training (VET) as part of upper secondary and adult education, as well as in vocational teacher education (VTE). It is based on a study within a Swedish government initiative aimed at promoting the development of school-relevant research and educational practice in partnership between the academia and the school sector and draws on interviews with VET and VTE teachers. Our findings show that VET and VTE teachers share similar ideas of what a good teacher is and does, and how these qualities are cultivated through participation in various communities of practice. VET and VTE teachers also share ideas of what their students need to become skilled professionals. These ideas include critical judgement, the integration of theory and practice, ethical reflection, and the propensity to handle diversity and relate to the Other. We identify and discuss these as aspects of VET and VTE teachers’ vocational phronesis. Implications for VTE include the need for supporting students’ educational journeys, developing teachings strategies for vocational phronesis and reflecting on the purpose of education.
HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND HIGHER EDUCATION ORGANIZATIONS
Authors:   The Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhonov Vitaly V.
Published: January 2025

Unique documents revealing the contribution of the USSR Academy of
Sciences to the victory in the Great Patriotic War are presented: Transcript
of the extended meeting of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of
Sciences, June 23, 1941; Appeal of the Presidium of the USSR Academy
of Sciences “To the scientists of all countries”; Appeal to the scientists of
the whole world, October 12, 1941; Letter of Corresponding Member of the
USSR Academy of Sciences S. B. Veselovsky to corresponding member of
the USSR Academy of Sciences A. I. Yakovlev; Report of A. Mukhamedov
to S. M. Feinland on the evacuation of the Leningrad institutions of the
USSR Academy of Sciences; Minutes of the meeting of the Commission
on the History of the Great Patriotic War of September 30, 1942; Letter
to the President of the USSR Academy of Sciences V. L. Komarov from
soldiers from the sponsored hospital; Letter of S. P. Kapitsa to I. V. Kapitsa.
P. Kapitsa to I. V. Stalin; Opening speech of V. L. Komarov at the opening
session of the General Assembly of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR,
September 25—30, 1943.
Key Milestones in the Development of Russian Science
Authors:   Russian Research Institute of Economics, Politics and Law in Science and Technology (RIEPL), Moscow, Russia, Ilina Irina E. , Vasilyeva Irina N. ,   Russian Research Institute of Economics, Politics and Law in Science and Technology (RIEPL), Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Russian science has historically functioned in conditions of the need to adapt and respond to the challenges of national development and restructuring the system of organizing scientific research and development, which manifested itself both in the era of the Russian Empire and the USSR, and in modern conditions of Western sanctions pressure. Despite the constraints, the years 2022—2023 are characterized by significant achievements in mathematics, biology, physics, and genetics, which is due, among other things, to the rich scientific heritage accumulated at various stages of the formation of Russian science. Methods. As part of the preparation of the article, the authors conducted a historical analysis of regulatory legal documentation, scientific and methodological literature, and statistical reports. Results and discussion. Modern institutions and approaches to the organization of the science management system have historically developed since the time of the Russian Empire. In particular, the prototype of the Russian Academy of Sciences was the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Empire, created for the centralized management of the development of fundamental science. The structure of the organization and management of science in the USSR began to be sectoral in nature and largely coincided with the departmental (sectoral) structure of the national economy. During the same period, program-oriented methods of solving scientific, technical and economic problems have been introduced. After the collapse of the USSR, the scientific industry faced a number of structural problems, including
a reduction in the number of young scientific personnel, a decrease in the prestige of a scientific career, a decrease in the social security of scientific and pedagogical workers, and the rupture of most scientific
cooperation ties. Conclusion. When forming an effective management system in the field of science, technology and innovation, Russia used the experience of building a science organization system in the USSR, including a state-programmatic approach to planning scientific activities, the implementation of comprehensive scientific and technical programs of a full cycle, the structuring of elements of scientific infrastructure.
Dietary fiber source and stage of gestation impact water balance, fecal physicochemical properties, serum electrolytes, and markers of gut motility in sows
Authors: Crome Thomas A. , Vahlenkamp Kyle D. , Self Rachel M. , Giesemann Mark A. , Petry Amy L.
Published: January 2025

The study aimed to evaluate the impact of carbohydrase supplementation, soluble fiber from sugar beet pulp (SBP; 20%), and insoluble fiber from corn dried distillers grains (DDGS; 20%) on water balance, serum electrolytes, gut motility, and fecal physicochemical properties in gestating sows. Thirty-six sows, with an initial body weight of 186 ± 4.6 kg, balanced by parity, were assigned randomly to a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments from day 28 to 109 of gestation. The factors were fiber type (insoluble (IF; 355 g/d) or soluble (SF; 98 g/d)) and enzyme supplementation (Rovabio Advance P10). The feeding level was 2.1 kg per day. Two 8-day metabolism periods occurred during mid- (days 50-59) and late-gestation (days 99-108). Fecal samples for physicochemical property analysis and serum samples were taken on day 1 of each period. Water balance was measured from days 4-7, with a water allowance set at 80 mL/kg of body weight per day. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model, with parity as a random effect and fiber, enzyme, period, and their interactions as fixed effects. Daily water allowance was used as a covariate when necessary. Urine output increased by 22.3% in sows fed IF compared to SF, and by 30.5% from mid- to late-gestation (Fiber, Period P<0.05). Fecal moisture was 21.8% higher in sows fed SF and increased by 12.3% from mid- to late-gestation (Fiber, Period P<0.05). The SF treatment increased fecal water holding capacity (P<0.001) and fecal water binding capacity by 76.6% (P=0.044). Regardless of diet, fecal water binding capacity increased in late gestation (Period P=0.035). Urine output increased by 30.5% in late gestation (Period P=0.028) and fecal moisture output increased by 12.3% (Period P=0.015). Serum sodium and chloride concentrations were increased in late gestation (P<0.05). Plasma cholecystokinin tended to be 28% greater in sows fed SF (P=0.070), and motilin levels decreased among all groups from mid- to late-gestation (Fiber×Enzyme×Period P=0.006). Circulating 5-Hydroxytryptamine decreased in late gestating sows fed carbohydrases (Period×Enzyme P=0.002), as well as sows fed SF (Fiber P=0.004). These findings suggest a redistribution of water in the gastrointestinal tract of late gestational sows fed SF, altering fecal hydration and gut motility.
Efficient photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A on 2D-3D spherically hierarchical structure Zn5In2S8
Authors: Zhang Zongwen , Zhang Yi , Han Huili , Ikreedeegh Riyadh Ramadhan , Shah Syed Shoaib Ahmad , Tayyab Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Bisphenol A (BPA) poses a significant environmental threat due to its widespread use as an industrial chemical and its classification as an environmental endocrine disruptor. The urgent need for effective BPA removal has driven research toward innovative solutions. In this study, we present the synthesis and application of a novel 2D-3D spherically hierarchical Zn5In2S8 (ZIS) photocatalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of BPA under visible light for the first time. Compared to the conventional g-C3N4 photocatalyst, ZIS exhibits enhanced optical and electrical properties, leading to remarkable photocatalytic performance, with an apparent reaction rate constant of 2.36 h⁻1, 6.56 times greater than that of g-C3N4. This efficacy allows for the degradation of 99.9% of BPA in just 2 h. The photocatalytic mechanism of ZIS was elucidated through various material characterizations and photoelectrochemical assessments, demonstrating improved light absorption and efficient charge separation as key factors facilitating BPA degradation. Notably, ZIS maintains high photocatalytic activity and stability over multiple cycles, indicating its potential as a sustainable photocatalyst. These findings not only contribute to the development of efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation but also underscore the significant role of Zn5In2S8 in photocatalysis and solar energy conversion.
Novel biomarkers: the RUNX family as prognostic predictors in colorectal cancer
Authors: Liu Yingting , Chen Junjun , Li An , Wu Yue , Ge Junwei , Yuan Maoling , Xu Bin , Zheng Xiao , Chen Lujun , Jiang Jingting
Published: January 2025

While biomarkers have been shown to enhance the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) compared to conventional treatments, there is a pressing need to discover novel biomarkers that can assist in assessing the prognostic impact of immunotherapy and in formulating individualized treatment plans. The RUNX family, consisting of RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3, has been recognized as crucial regulators in developmental processes, with dysregulation of these genes also being implicated in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. In our present study, we demonstrated a crucial regulatory role of RUNX in CD8+T and CD103+CD8+T cell-mediated anti-tumor response within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of human CRC. Specifically, RUNXs were significantly differentially expressed between tumor and normal tissues in CRC. Patients with a greater proportion of infiltrating CD8+RUNX1+, CD103+CD8+RUNX1+, CD8+RUNX2+, CD103+CD8+RUNX2+, CD8+RUNX3+, or CD103+CD8+RUNX3+ T cells demonstrated improved outcomes compared to those with lower proportions. Additionally, the proportions of infiltrating CD8+RUNX1+T and CD8+RUNX3+T cells may serve as valuable prognostic predictors for CRC patients, independent of other clinicopathological factors. Moreover, further bioinformatic analysis conducted utilizing the TISIDB and TIMER platforms demonstrated significant associations between the members of the RUNX family and immune-infiltrating cells, specifically diverse subpopulations of CD8+TILs. Our study of human colorectal cancer tissue microarray (TMA) also revealed positive and statistically significant correlations between the expressions of RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3 in both CD8+T cells and CD103+CD8+T cells. Our study comprehensively revealed the varied expressions and prognostic importance of the RUNX family in human colorectal cancer tissues. It underscored their potential as vital biomarkers for prognostic evaluation in colorectal cancer patients and as promising targets for immunotherapy in treating this disease.
Plasma exchange alone versus combination with intravenous immunoglobulin/methylprednisolone pulse therapy in severe systemic rheumatic diseases: a retrospective study
Authors: Guo Jing , Li Shuiwen , Xu Hao , Wang Xinxin , Luo Weiyuan , Sun Jie , Li Jianhua , Chen Zhu , Lu Guiyang , Huang Xiaolong , Chen Shiju , Ning Yaogui
Published: January 2025

Background

For severe systemic rheumatic diseases (SRDs), therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) may be applied as a rescue therapy; it usually combined with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or intravenous methylprednisolone pulse (IVMP) in severe SRDs. However, the necessity of this combination treatment strategy in SRDs remains uncertain.

Objective

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of TPE alone versus TPE combined with IVIG/IVMP in treating severe SRDs.

Methods

Patients with severe SRDs treated with TPE who were admitted to the department of intensive care unit (ICU) from January 2011 to December 2019 were included. These patients were divided into two groups: the TPE-alone group (TPE group) and the TPE plus IVIG/IVMP group (TPE + IVIG/IVMP group). The patients’ clinical characteristics, the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, the 28-day mortality rate, and the length of ICU stay were evaluated in the two groups.

Results

Ninety-one patients were enrolled in this study: 51 patients in the TPE group and 40 patients in the TPE + IVIG/IVMP group. In the TPE group, the median age was 51.39 ± 15.34 years, and 64.71% were women. In the TPE + IVIG/IVMP group, the median age of the patients was 42.93 ± 16.56 years, and 75% were women. The infection rate in the TPE + IVIG/IVMP group was significantly higher than that in the TPE group (P < 0.05). Both the 28-day mortality and the length of ICU stay did not differ statistically between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

This study showed no benefit of combing IVIG/IVMP with TPE in improving the outcome of patients with severe SRDs, suggesting that IVIG/IVMP may not be necessary when used conjunction with TPE for the treatment of severe SRDs.
A bibliometric study on the impact of gut microbiota on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients: analysis of the top 100 cited articles
Authors: Zhao Ziqi , Xu Kun , Hu Boqian , Jiang Yizhuo , Xu Xisheng , Liu Yuliang
Published: January 2025

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed oncological treatment by modulating immune responses against tumors. However, their efficacy is subject to inter-patient variability and is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The human gut microbiota, a complex microbial ecosystem, is increasingly implicated in modulating responses to ICIs. This bibliometric analysis examines the 100 most-cited articles to elucidate trends and advancements in research concerning the gut microbiota’s impact on ICI efficacy.

Methods

A systematic literature retrieval was conducted within the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), focusing on the 100 most-cited articles. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were utilized for bibliometric analysis, examining collaborative patterns and keyword co-occurrences. The relationship between citing and cited entities was analyzed, and burst ranking identified research hotspots based on citation frequency.

Results

The 100 most-cited publications encompassed a range of disciplines, with a predominance of oncological research. The United States and China were leading in publication volume, with France and Canada also contributing significantly. French institutions, particularly INSERM and Université Paris Cite, were prolific. Routy, Bertrand and Zitvogel, Laurence were prominent among high-impact authors. Dominant keywords included “gut microbiota,” “immunotherapy,” “efficacy,” and “cancer.” The article by Routy et al. (2018) was the most frequently cited.

Conclusions

This study highlights the significant role of the gut microbiota in ICI development and efficacy, emphasizing the necessity for international and interdisciplinary collaboration. The research is progressively focusing on managing immunotherapy side effects and optimizing treatment strategies. Challenges, including individual variability in gut microbiota composition, persist. Further research is imperative to exploit the potential of the gut microbiota in cancer therapy, advocating for personalized approaches and a more profound comprehension of the underlying mechanisms.
Lactobacillus acidophilus alleviate Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium-induced murine inflammatory/oxidative responses via the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and cecal microbiota
Authors: Li Haihua , Ma Xinyi , Shang Zhiyuan , Liu Xuejiao , Qiao Jiayun
Published: January 2025

Background

Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection can cause inflammation and oxidative stress in the body, leading to gastroenteritis, fever and other diseases in humans and animals. More and more studies have emphasized the broad prospects of probiotics in improving inflammation and oxidative stress, but the ability and mechanism of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) to alleviate the inflammatory/oxidative reaction caused by pathogens are still unclear.

Methods and results

In this study, we treated the mice with LA for 14 days, infected them with S. Typhimurium for 24 h, and sacrificed the mice to collect samples. We found that the early intervention of LA alleviated the pathological injury and reversed the down-regulation of the duodenal and hepatic tight junction protein mRNA levels caused by S. Typhimurium infection. Compared with S. Typhimurium group, LA early intervention increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes, but decreased the levels of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Additionally, LA early intervention significantly increased Nrf2 mRNA expression in the liver and decreased Keap1 mRNA expression in the duodenum compared to the S. Typhimurium group. Furthermore, early LA treatment reduced the abundance of Bacteroides acidificiens, increased the abundance of Akkermansia, and alleviated the decrease in SCFAs levels in the cecum of S. Typhimurium-infected mice. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a certain correlation between cecal flora and serum indicators and short chain fatty acids.

Conclusion

Taken together, the results indicate that LA early intervention may alleviates S. Typhimurium-induced inflammation and oxidative responses in mice by activating the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and regulating the gut microbial community.

Significance and impact of the study

Exploring the ability of LA to resist animal oxidative stress and microflora regulation caused by pathogenic microbes, so as to provide more options for developing healthy disease-resistant feed additives.
Clinical significance of HER2 in urothelial carcinoma and analysis of its correlation with glycolytic metabolic characteristics
Authors: Guo Andong , Wu Chenrui , Cao Jishuang , Zhu Kejia , Ding Sentai
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aimed to explore the clinical relevance of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) in urothelial carcinoma (UC) and its association with glycolytic metabolic markers, insulin resistance, and beta-cell function, shedding light on potential therapies targeting both HER2 pathways and cancer metabolism.

Methods

In this retrospective analysis, 237 UC patients from the Departments of Urology and Pathology at Shandong Provincial Hospital were examined. From 1 January 2023, to 1 October 2024, patients underwent HER2 testing using immunohistochemistry (IHC). We investigated the relationships between HER2 expression and metabolic indicators such as the Homeostatic Model Assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), beta-cell function (HOMA-β), the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. HER2 status was determined using a standardized scoring system from the 2021 Clinical Pathological Expert Consensus on HER2 Testing in UC, China. Statistical analysis followed CDC guidelines, using multivariate logistic regression to assess the independent impacts of HER2 on metabolic traits.

Results

Of the 237 evaluated UC samples, 87.76% exhibited positive HER2 expression. A significant correlation was found between positive HER2 status, advanced tumor stages, and increased LDH levels, suggesting a link between HER2 expression and heightened glycolytic activity. No significant relationships were observed between HER2 status and TyG levels, HOMA-IR, or HOMA-B. Subgroup analyses confirmed the consistency of the relationship between HER2 expression and LDH levels across different demographics and lifestyle factors.

Conclusion

Our findings confirm the significant role of HER2 as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in UC. The association of HER2 positivity with advanced tumor stages and high LDH levels underscores its complex involvement in disease progression. This study highlights the need to explore HER2’s biological mechanisms further and pursue combined therapeutic strategies.
Frequency of orthostatic hypotension in the Pooled Resource Open-Access ALS Clinical Trials database
Authors: Quarracino C. , Capani F. , Otero-Losada M. , Rodríguez G. E. , Pérez-Lloret S.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To explore the frequency of orthostatic hypotension (OH) in a large sample of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients (ALS).

Methods

From the PRO-ACT database, data of 1,240 ALS patients were analyzed, focusing on blood pressure and heart rate before and after standing. OH was defined as a drop in systolic/diastolic blood pressure > 20/10 mm Hg within 3 min of standing. Neurogenic OH was diagnosed when the heart rate increase was below 15 bpm in patients not taking medications that could affect this response.

Results

At baseline, 138 (11.1%) patients showed OH, 76.1% of whom had neurogenic OH. At follow-up, 163 patients (13.1%) had OH, 71.2% with neurogenic OH. Only 22.5% of the patients with OH at baseline had OH at follow-up.

Conclusion

In a large sample of ALS patients, OH occurred in 11–13%, pointing to a subgroup that might require special care to avoid related complications.
Exosomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma: functions, challenges, and potential applications
Authors: Zhao Bo , Li Zuntai , Li Ronghua
Published: January 2025

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for approximately 90% of all oral cancers, significantly impacting the survival and quality of life of patients. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles released by cells, play a crucial role in intercellular communication in cancer. Nevertheless, their function and mechanism in OSCC remain elusive. Search Pubmed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library using keywords OSCC, exome, diagnosis, and treatment to review the research progress of exome in OSCC. Based on these results, this review starting from the biosynthesis, structure, and contents of exosomes, elaborates on the research progress of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of OSCC. It explores the potential of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of OSCC, and briefly describes the challenges researchers currently face.