bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"Carbon Spectacular" - Exploring the Path to Enhance the Precision of Fiscal and Tax Support for Innovative Technologies in Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction
Authors: Xu Siyi , Shou Jiachen , Yang Qiuqin , Wang Huaiwen , Sheng Shunan , Gao Weihua
Published: July 2024

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has always placed technological innovation at the core of its development. In today's world, under the background of advocating "green manufacturing," energy conservation and emission reduction are the inevitable path to sustainable green development. This article primarily utilizes the method of data analysis to analyze the issues existing in fiscal and tax preferential policies in promoting technological innovation from the perspectives of literature review and tax preferential policy combing. These issues include the current fiscal and tax preferential policies leading enterprises to pursue the quantity rather than the quality of innovation, high policy thresholds, difficulties in expense allocation, limitations in tax incentives from multiple perspectives, and insufficient support for innovative talents in fiscal and tax policies. Based on these issues, a series of operable suggestions are proposed. It is hoped that this study can contribute to the revision and improvement of fiscal and tax preferential policies for technological innovation in energy conservation and emission reduction, providing effective theoretical references and inspirations.
Strategies to Improve Morale and Retention in Transportation Management Centers
Authors: Goodall Noah
Published: July 2024

This study examines strategies to improve morale and retention for operators in transportation management centers (TMCs). The research methodology included a literature review, on-site observations of TMC operations, and interviews with operators and managers.  Several strategies to reduce turnover were identified, including (1) formalizing a process for operators to report software issues; (2) enhancing the prestige of performance awards; (3) improving compensation in terms of both hourly wages, timing of raises to occur during periods of high turnover at the one- or two-year employment mark; and (4) improving the TMC work environment by limiting the use of conference rooms overlooking the TMC floor. These findings contribute to the understanding of TMC operations and offer potential strategies for improving operator morale and retention, which may ultimately enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of traffic management operations.
“It's that feeling that you can't get away”: Motherhood, gender inequality, and the stress process during extreme events
Authors: Ntontis Evangelos , Monkhouse Jennifer , Stokes-Giuzani Natalie , Malovic Aida , Saavedra Patricio
Published: July 2024

The impacts of extreme events can intersect with pre-disaster systemic inequalities and deficiencies, exacerbating distress. This paper contributes to the existing literature by exploring the psychosocial processes through which stressors become traumatic during an extreme event. It does so by focusing on how mothers of children and/or adolescents in the UK experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. First, qualitative interviews (N=15) showed that participants experienced a cluster of stressors stemming from their workplaces, partners, children’s behaviours, and homeschooling which caused a sense of overload and captivity, reducing their quality of life. However, individual, interpersonal, and collective forms of coping were reported. Second, quantitative survey data (N=621) showed that the relationship between stressors and perceived stress was mediated by feelings of overload due to excessive identity-related tasks and caregiving responsibilities. Moreover, community identification was associated with reduced overload and perceived stress. Overall, during extreme events, people can experience distress due to being overloaded by and trapped in particular identities and identity-related tasks, unable to perform other aspects of their social selves. We argue that social psychological analyses can be useful in tracing the complex impacts of extreme events across a range of systems and levels of analysis.
Increased belief in one conspiracy theory leads to increased belief in others over time
Authors: Williams Matt N , Marques Mathew daCosta , Kerr John R , Hill Stephen Robert , Ling Mathew , Clarke Edward John Roy
Published: July 2024

The monological belief system model (Goertzel, 1994) suggests that—for at least a subset of people—developing a belief in one conspiracy theory will cause them to be more likely to believe in others. This model has been influential in the literature, but its core causal hypothesis has never been credibly tested. We therefore tested it in two longitudinal studies. Study 1 used a sample from New Zealand and Australia (N = 498), with 7 monthly waves. Study 2 (preregistered) used a sample from New Zealand, Australia and the United Kingdom (N = 978), with 13 monthly waves. We applied random intercept cross-lagged panel models, permitting a credible causal identification strategy, albeit we cannot rule out time-varying confounds. We find that increased belief in a conspiracy theory at one wave did (on average) lead to increased belief in other conspiracies at the next wave, although the estimated effects were small.
Warm glow and pro-environmental behavior: Supportive evidence from behavioral tasks
Authors: Zhou Linli , Brick Cameron , Sachisthal Maien S. M. , Aldoh Alaa , Sauter Disa
Published: July 2024

Climate change is a highly emotional issue. For example, many people experience negative emotions like climate anxiety and eco-depression. Recent work emphasizes that positive emotions also influence how individuals engage with sustainability and pro-environmental behavior. Behaving in an environmentally friendly way may elicit positive feelings (warm glow), which could drive a self-reinforcing positive feedback loop of great applied value. However, previous research has largely been limited to self-reported pro-environmental behavior, which can have low validity. Here, we investigated the relationship between warm glow and pro-environmental behavior using two consequential behavioral tasks. In Study 1 (n = 237), participants who made more pro-environmental decisions in the Carbon Emission Task experienced more warm glow. Pre-registered Studies 2 (n = 803) and 3 (n= 953) used the tedious Work for Environmental Protection Task for a more severe test. Results again showed more warm glow after more pro-environmental behavior. In addition, anticipated warm glow before the task predicted pro-environmental behavior, and behavioral effort mediated the relationship between anticipated and experienced warm glow. Together, these results provide a strong demonstration that acting pro-environmentally can elicit positive affect.
Soundscape Perception Indices (SPI): Developing context-dependent single value scores of multidimensional soundscape perceptual quality
Authors: Mitchell Andrew , Aletta Francesco , Oberman Tin , Kang Jian
Published: July 2024

The soundscape approach provides a basis for considering the holistic perception of sound environments, in context. While steady advancements have been made in methods for assessment and analysis, a gap exists for comparing soundscapes and quantifying improvements in the multi-dimensional perception of a soundscape. To this end, there is a need for the creation of single value indices to compare soundscape quality which incorporate context, aural diversity, and specific design goals for a given application. Just as a variety of decibel-based indices have been developed for various purposes (e.g. LAeq, LCeq, L90, Lden, etc.), the soundscape approach requires the ability to create novel indices for different uses, which share a common language and understanding. We therefore propose a unified framework for creating bespoke and reference single index measures of soundscape perception, allowing for new metrics to be defined in the future. This framework is based on a four-step test-target paradigm wherein a desired soundscape perception is defined as a target distribution within the soundscape circumplex model and a distance metric is used to test an assessed soundscape against this target. Applications and implications of this framework are discussed and a multi-objective optimisation method for empirically defining perception indices is proposed.
New Data Sources for Demographic Research
Authors: Breen Casey , Feehan Dennis
Published: July 2024

We are in the early stages of a new, uncertain era of demographic research, driven by the scientific possibilities that are opened up by new sources of data, such as the digital traces that arise from ubiquitous social computing, massive longitudinal datasets produced by the digitization of historical records, and information about previously inaccessible populations reached through innovations in classic modes of data collection. Such new data sources seemingly offer exciting opportunities to quantify demographic phenomena at a scale and resolution once unimaginable. In this commentary, we describe five promising new sources of demographic data and their potential appeal: detailed patterns of human mobility and migration, population-scale measurements of social connectedness, minute-by-minute records of cultural change, detailed timelines of partnership formation, and more. Yet, realizing the full potential of these data sources will demand innovative methodological developments and continued investment in high-quality, traditional surveys and censuses. Together, such advances will lead demographers to develop new theories and revisit and sharpen old ones.
Teachers’ Knowledge-Sharing Practices Among Their Colleagues in Community Schools in Nepal: A Phenomenological Case Study
Authors: Upadhyaya Giri Raj
Published: July 2024

This study explores teachers’ knowledge-sharing practices among their colleagues in two community schools in Nepal and the hindrances of a knowledge-sharing culture in school. Utilizing and employing the phenomenological case study design, the information was collected using purposive sampling from two permanent school teachers, one female and one male. In- depth interview and observation were used for collecting data, whereas thematic analysis was followed to analyze the information by transcribing, coding, comparing, and grouping the data. The findings show that the participants’ academic qualification and training increase collaborative knowledge sharing culture.  However, cultural biases, workload burdens, and lack of information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure and weak practices of developing, searching, and sharing knowledge among the colleagues in the school were identified as the pitfalls. The study suggests that an institutional and leadership proactive role is needed to control and enable the environment to develop a knowledge-sharing mechanism and collaborative community.
Parental Migration and Mental Health Status of the Left- behind
Authors: Adhikari Min Raj , Adhikari Ramesh
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the mental health status of children left behind. The study employed a cross-sectional quantitative design based on data collected from 560 children from both migrant and non-migrant households using multistage sampling techniques. The Goodman’s Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was applied to assess their mental health, which was analyzed through univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods. About 8 percent of the children exhibited poor psychological well-being, with a higher prevalence among those from the migrant households (11%) compared to the non-migrant households (5%). The logistic regression models indicated that the children of the migrant parents were 2.3 to 2.7 times more likely to have abnormal behavior compared to those of the non-migrant parents. Similarly, the Dalit caste/ethnic group children were 3.4 times more likely to exhibit abnormal behavior as opposed to the Janajati ethnic group children, while children cared for by someone other than their mother were 8 times more likely to have abnormal behavior.The children's abnormal mental health status was statistically linked to parental migration (p<0.01). Mental health variations were observed across various factors, with a majority of the affected children associated with caste/ethnicity, caregivers, and household support. This suggests that there is an urgent need for establishing psychosocial counseling services in schools, particularly targeting the left-behind children from the Dalit caste/ethnic group, those under the care of someone other than their mothers, and those provided with additional household support.
Determination Of Freshwater Consumption Fish Diseases Using Artificial Neural Network Methods
Authors: Apriyanto Bagas , Riyadi Ahmad , Kusuma Wardana Ari , Nasrun Mohd Nawi Mohd
Published: July 2024

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that uses neuron-based computational methods to identify and solve problems. In this study, we tried to use ANN to identify diseases of freshwater fish commonly consumed by the public, using one of the ANN methods, namely backpropagation. This research produces a website-based system that uses the backpropagation Neural Network method so that it can be used to help freshwater fish breeders or cultivators identify fish diseases that are kept more accurately than conventional methods. In addition, it is hoped that this system can anticipate more severe infections in fish belonging to cultivators. The results of system testing show that regarding the appearance of the system, 38.5% of respondents answered that the design was beautiful, related to the ease of use of the system, 46.2% of respondents answered that the approach was straightforward to use, regarding the performance of the system 53.8% of respondents answered that the system performance was excellent. Regarding the system's benefits, 76.9% of respondents answered that the system was beneficial
Productivity, seed quality and protein yield of pea samples developed by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”
Authors: Ashiev A. R. , Khabibullin K. N. , Skulova M. V. , Kravchenko N. S.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the current study was to determine the quantitative and qualitative indicators of seeds of pea samples. The study was carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region in the fields of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2021–2023. The objects of research were 12 pea samples developed by the ARC “Donskoy”. The zoned variety ‘Aksaisky Usatiy 5’ was used as a standard. Quality characteristics of peas, such as protein percentage in seeds and their ability to boil soft, are highly dependent on environmental conditions and often have a negative correlation with seed productivity. One of the goals in pea breeding is to change this inverse correlation between productivity and seed quality. The mean productivity of the varieties and lines in the Competitive Variety Testing through the years of study was 3.66 t/ha on average. The standard ‘Aksai Usatiy 5’ (3.46 t/ha) was reliably exceeded by such varieties and lines as ‘G-1181’ (4.17 t/ha), ‘Kazak’ (4.02 t/ha), ‘AKM’ (3.99 t/ha), ‘G-1313’ (3.80 t/ha). The samples with the highest protein percentage (second quality class, 22.0–25.0 %) were ‘Aksaysky Usatiy 5’ (23.7 %), ‘Skif’ (24.4 %), ‘Kazak’ (23.1 %), ‘AKM’ (23.6 %), ‘G-1141’ (24.3 %), ‘G-1172’ (25.0 %), ‘G-1181’ (22.3 %). The mean boiling time was 75 minutes. The minimum boiling time was 63 minutes for the varieties ‘Aksaisky Usatiy 5’, ‘Skif’, 65 minutes for the line ‘G-1234’ and 70 minutes for the line ‘G-1288’. The mean coefficient of the ability to boil soft over the years of study was 2.20, varying from 1.92 to 2.61. The mean protein yield over the years of study was 0.85 t/ha. The varieties ‘Kazak’ (0.94 t/ha), ‘AKM’ (0.93 t/ha) and breeding lines ‘G-1181’ (0.93 t/ha), ‘G-1313’ (0.90 t/ha) showed the best indicators. The maximum values of protein yield were identified at maximum productivity of 4.2–4.3 t/ha and 23.5–24.0% of protein in seeds.
Sustainability improvement of grain productivity of beet crop rotations in the foreststeppe of the Central Blackearth region
Authors: Dudkina T. A. , Sviridov V. I.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the current study was to identify the effect of various crop rotations and rates of application of mineral fertilizers on productivity of winter wheat and spring barley, the productivity of crop rotations and the economic efficiency of cultivating crops. The study was carried out in a stationary field trial of the FSBSI “Kursk FARC” on typical heavy loamy blackearth (chernozem) in 2015–2023. Agricultural crops were grown in three crop rotations: 1 – grainrow fallow (black fallow, winter wheat, sugar beets, maize for silage, barley); 2 – grain-row green manure fallow (green manure fallow, winter wheat, sugar beets, maize for silage, barley); 3 – crop rotation (horse-bean for grain, winter wheat, sugar beets, white lupine for grain, barley). During the trial there have been compared two contrasting levels of mineral fertilizer application N30Р30К30 and N52Р52К52 per hectare of crop rotation area. The non-marketable portion of the harvest of all crops was used as fertilizer. Agricultural technology was generally conventional for the area. There has been established that, under all weather conditions, the highest yield of winter wheat at a low background of fertilization (N30Р30К300 per hectare of crop rotation area) is produced in green manure fallow, and at a high background of fertilization (N52Р52К52 per hectare of crop rotation area) in black fallow. There was found that the most favorable conditions for cultivating barley were created when cultivating with white lupine for grain. Fertilization increase led to productivity increase of the grain crops, but, at the same time, to a production profitability decrease. There has been determined that productivity of crop rotations with fallow forecrops is 14 % higher compared to crop rotations with a legume forecrop (horse-bean for grain). According to calculations, on average over the years of study, the most profitable was the winter wheat cultivation in black fallow, and spring barley cultivation in white lupine for grain. At the same time, the indicator of production profitability level decreased with an increase in the rate of mineral fertilizing, which results in production costs’ increase.
Materials for the «Dictionary of oikonymy of Cherkasy area»
Authors: Gontsa Iryna
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the oikonymy of Cherkasy area in accordance with the defined motives of nomination and semantics of derivational bases, follows the formation of settlement names from the moment of their first fixation in documents to the present day. The lexical and semantic analysis of the basic names of the oikonimikonu of a studied territory within three lexical and semantic groups: appellative, onymic and onymic and appellative is carried out. Attention is focused on the connection of an oikonimna system of a studied area with its historical past, geographical location and dialectal diversity. It is resolved that among vidonimnykh derivatives, the names based on anthroponyms of various origins dominate, in particular, Christian names of various structures and ancient Slavic autochthonous vidapeliatyvni names, as well as later nicknames and surnames, and much less often - ancient Slavic vidkompozytni names. Such formations contain an indication of both a direct relation of a designated territory to a specific owner and an indirect belonging of a certain denotation to an entity (or group of entities). The vidantroponimnykh oikonymy of Cherkasy area are characterized by a presence of specific suffix topoformants that indicate that an object belongs to a certain person: -iv-, -sk-, -ivk(a), -yivk(a). The predominance of  vidantroponimnykh propriatives is explained by a fact that they were once owned by someone. The bases of the vidoikonimnykh varieties reflect the names of nearby settlements, and the vidhidronimnykh ones reflect the names of water bodies localized near the appropriate settlements. A significant group among the vidapeliatyvnykh names is made up of  oikonymy motivated by nomenclatural names of elevations, low, open, marshy places, geographical names of natural and artificial water basins, and flora. The structural and word-formation aspect allows to distinguish simple, complex, and compound nominations. The largest group of the oikonimikon of Cherkasy area is made up of monosyllabic names of settlements realized by lexical and semantic, morphological and morphological and syntactic methods, as well as by foundation  (usually by combining two lexemes). The significant quantitative dominance of single-word derivatives is due to a tendency to unify linguistic resources. The compound names include two-word (attributive) compounds, prepositional constructions and descriptive formations.
Focal onset Seizures as the First Manifestation of Anti-Ds-DNA Negative Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Ikechukwu Chukwuocha
Published: July 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a quintessential autoimmune disease once thought to be rare in Africans. It may affect any organ or tissue, synchronously or asynchronously. Neuropsychiatric manifestations of SLE (NPSLE) range from headaches, mood/behavioral disorders to seizures. There are documented reports of seizures accompanying the diagnosis of SLE, with varying prevalence according to specific regions. However, seizures rarely precede the diagnosis of SLE. We present a case report of a 19-year-old female with new-onset focal seizures preceding overt clinico-laboratory diagnosis of anti-dsDNA negative SLE. It may be important to recognize SLE as a potential cause of adult-onset seizures in female subjects to allow early recognition and improved care. Baseline ANA may be a viable screening tool as part of the work up for Adult onset seizure disorders especially in females, in the absence of offending drugs, known metabolic or structural disease.
Bilateral Coronary Artery Fistulas and Pulmonary Sequestration. An Unusual Combination of a Rare Disease: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Vanderheyden Marc
Published: July 2024

Coronary artery fistulas are a rare entity, especially when they origin from both the left and right coronary arteries. CAF may be asymptomatic but severe complications are possible. They are usually congenital but acquired forms have been described. The management of CAF remains undetermined and depends on various factors. Pulmonary sequestration is another rare congenital malformation. It is a non-functioning lung segment without continuity with the normal lung parenchyma. In this case report an 83-year-old male with newly diagnosed idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, history of ischemic cardiomyopathy and severe tricuspid regurgitation was admitted for syncope. Due to episodes of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia an invasive coronary angiography was ordered which showed 2 coronary artery fistulas. The two CAF, arising respectively from the right coronary artery and the left anterior descending artery, both supplied blood to vessels in a sequestrated segment of the lower lung lobe. This is the first report of two coronary artery fistulas, arising from both left and right coronary artery, providing blood supply to a pulmonary sequester. Although this entity is extremely rare, knowledge of it can prevent inappropriate management and fatal results.
Tingkat Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Konservasi Penyu di Pantai Mampie Kecamatan Wonomulyo Kabupaten Polewali Mandar
Authors: Indhasari Fitri , Abdullah Muhammad Arafat , Najmiah
Published: July 2024

Continuous maintenance, management and protection efforts are very important in turtle conservation to avoid extinction and damage. This research aims to calculate the level of community participation in turtle conservation activities using quantitative methods by distributing questionnaires. The population in this study was the entire Patoreang Mampie Hamlet community around the beach and the sample size was 40 respondents. The results of the research show that the level of community participation in the form of planning is included in the high category with a score of 2.71 because the community's environmental awareness is very high and the management of the turtle house has provided education related to maintaining and preserving the existence of turtles and the level of community participation in the form of management is included in the category high with a score of 2.75 as evidenced by community participation in turtle conservation activities, turtle festival activities, and the release of turtle hatchlings. Participation in the form of monitoring and evaluation is included in the high category with a score of 2.60, which means that the community often gives free time to monitor and oversee conservation activities around the turtle house area so that they run well and effectively.
Keywords: Participation, community, conservation, turtle
ENHANCING THE EXPERIENCE OF INFERTILITY TREATMENT THROUGH INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION IN ALTAI KRAI
Authors: Vostrikov Viacheslav V. ,   Altai State Medical University, Nikolaeva Maria G. , Molchanova Irina V. , Fadeeva Natalia I. ,   Altai State Medical University,   Altai Regional Clinical Perinatal Center "DAR",   Altai State Medical University
Published: July 2024

Objectives. This study aimed to clarify the role of intrauterine insemination (IUI) within the clinical practice of a regional infertility center. Methods. A retrospective, single-center, non-randomized study was conducted on 1934 women with infertility who sought evaluation and treatment at the regional infertility center between April 28, 2001, and December 31, 2021. This study involved a comparative analysis of patients undergoing IUI with either partner sperm or donor sperm. Various factors such as age, ovarian stimulation, number of mature follicles (IUI multiplicity), and duration of treatment were examined to assess their impact on the outcomes of infertility treatment. Results. The study revealed a decrease in the success rates of intrauterine inseminations using partner sperm in women aged 36 and older, with a success rate of 5.1% to 8.9% (p=0.027) compared to patients aged 30-35. Conversely, when using donor sperm for IUI, the pregnancy rate was higher in women under 30 years of age, at 16.9% versus 7.6% in women aged 36 and older (p=0.0001). Furthermore, the study found no significant advantage of using IUI in cases of infertility with unspecified causes. Conclusion. Intrauterine insemination (IUI) can be an effective treatment for infertility under specific circumstances, such as when the male partner is absent, experiences erectile dysfunction, or has secretory azoospermia. However, the study highlights that ovulation stimulation prior to IUI and performing multiple inseminations in a single cycle for women with regular ovulatory cycles do not necessarily improve treatment outcomes.
OUTPATIENT REHABILITATION FOR CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: Zaripova T. N. ,   Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Medical Rehabilitation and Balneology, FMBA of Russia, Serebrova M. A. , Titskaya E. V. , Antipova I. I. , Smirnova I. N. ,   Siberian State Medical University,   Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Medical Rehabilitation and Balneology, FMBA of Russia,   Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Medical Rehabilitation and Balneology, FMBA of Russia,   Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Medical Rehabilitation and Balneology, FMBA of Russia
Published: July 2024

Objectives. The study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of outpatient rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods. A total of 140 patients with moderate to severe COPD were included in the study. These patients were enrolled in outpatient rehabilitation following hospital treatment for exacerbations. Two groups were established: the main group comprised 68 patients who underwent a 12-month program of physical rehabilitation alongside standard drug therapy, while the comparison group consisted of 72 patients who received only basic drug therapy. The rehabilitation protocol involved physical training at a gym and home exercise therapy, chest vibration therapy using medical equipment, cycling exercise, and administration of an oxygen cocktail. A comprehensive evaluation of all patients was conducted before the initiation of outpatient rehabilitation and after the 12-month period. Results. Throughout the year-long physical rehabilitation program, patients in the main group exhibited a notable reduction in the severity of their clinical symptoms. As evidenced by the mMRC test results, there was a decrease in the intensity of breathlessness experienced by these patients. Additionally, there was a significant improvement in their respiratory function parameters. The percentage of patients with severely limited exercise tolerance decreased by 47%. Moreover, the number of patients reporting a minimal impact of the disease on their quality of life increased by 46.3%. Patients with lower BODE index values increased by 24.4%, indicating positive outcomes from the outpatient rehabilitation program. Importantly, the frequency of exacerbations decreased by an average of 5.1 times among the main group participants. Conversely, the comparison group did not show significant positive progress across all measured parameters, with 18% of individuals experiencing a worsening of their condition. Conclusion. Outpatient rehabilitation over a year led to controlled COPD in 83.8% of the main group, demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach in managing COPD patients.
Углерод-минеральные материалы из сапропеля как носители для катализаторов гидродехлорирования
Authors: Терехова Елена Николаевна , Бельская Ольга Борисовна
Published: July 2024

В работе представлены результаты исследования возможности применения углерод-минеральных материалов, полученных из доступного сырья сапропеля, в качестве носителей для палладиевых катализаторов реакции гидродехлорирования хлорбензола. Селективное образование целевого продукта бензола было достигнуто при достаточно низком содержании палладия (0.5 мас%) в мягких условиях жидкофазной реакции (2 МПа, 90°С) при конверсии хлорбензола 50–60% (время реакции 5 ч). Показано, что катализатор на носителе из сапропеля минерального типа после его активации в среде водяного пара, обладающий мезопористой структурой, продемонстрировал активность выше, чем катализаторы на основе органического сапропеля.
Гидрирование интерметаллического соединения TiFe в присутствии твердого раствора водорода TiFeH ~0.1
Authors: Фокин Валентин Назарович , Фурсиков Павел Владимирович , Фокина Эвелина Эрнестовна , Лотоцкий Михаил Владимирович , Тарасов Борис Петрович
Published: July 2024

Исследовано гидрирование сплава TiFe, приготовленного в условиях, близких к условиям крупномасштабного производства. Показано, что данный сплав в условиях эксперимента (дегазация при комнатной температуре, выдержка в водороде под давлением до 3.5 МПа и температуре до 350°C в течение 14 ч с последующим охлаждением до комнатной температуры под давлением водорода) водород не поглощает. В то же время смесь исходного сплава с добавкой предварительно синтезированного твердого раствора водорода в интерметаллиде TiFe (TiFeH~0.1), взятой в количестве от 20 до 30 мас%, эффективно гидрируется в близких условиях — количество водорода в продукте гидрирования смеси приближается к 95% от содержания водорода в дигидриде TiFeH2. Установлены оптимальные условия гидрирования сплава: температуры дегазации и гидрирования 20 и 280°C соответственно, давление водорода 3.0 МПа при общей продолжительности процесса 6 ч в присутствии 20 мас% TiFeH~0.1. Разработанную методику можно использовать для гидрирования водород-аккумулирующих сплавов на основе TiFe, производимых в крупных масштабах.
Контакты для термоэлементов с барьерными слоями на основе вольфрама
Authors: Корчагин Егор Павлович , Штерн Юрий Исаакович , Петухов Иван Николаевич , Громов Дмитрий Геннадьевич , Штерн Максим Юрьевич , Рогачев Максим Сергеевич , Рязанов Роман Михайлович
Published: July 2024

Предложен способ получения контактов на основе W–Ni и W–Co, выполняющих функции диффузионно-барьерных слоев в конструкции термоэлементов. Контакты сформированы электрохимическим осаждением пленок W–Ni и W–Co на образцах наноструктурированных термоэлектрических материалов на основе Bi2Te2.4Se0.6, Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3, GeTe и PbTe, используемых для изготовления термоэлементов. Получены пленки толщиной до 15 мкм с разбросом по толщине не более 5%. Содержание вольфрама в составе пленок W–Ni составило 33.5 мас%, в пленках W–Co — 29.7 мас%. Удельное сопротивление и удельное контактное сопротивление пленок составило 3.4∙10–7 Ом∙м и 3.8∙10–9 Ом∙м2 соответственно. Адгезионная прочность пленок составляет 10−13 МПа. Установлено, что контакты, сформированные на образцах термоэлектрических материалов электрохимическим осаждением пленок на основе W–Co, могут быть использованы в конструкции термоэлементов с рабочими температурами до 900 K.
Гидрирование фурфурола, 5-гидроксиметилфурфурола и левулиновой кислоты в присутствии Pd катализатора, нанесенного на мезопористый цирконосиликат
Authors: Ролдугина Екатерина Алексеевна , Бороноев Максим Павлович , Шакиров Искандер Ильгизович , Кардашева Юлия Сергеевна
Published: July 2024

Синтезирован катализатор на основе наночастиц Pd, нанесенных на мезопористый цирконосиликат. Катализатор испытан в гидрировании фурфурола, 5-гидроксиметилфурфурола и левулиновой кислоты при температурах 150–250°С и давлении водорода 5 МПа. Установлено, что температура процесса оказывает существенное влияние на распределение продуктов гидрирования фурфурола и 5-гидроксиметилфурфурола. Гидрирование левулиновой кислоты проходит селективно с образованием γ-валеролактона, конверсия значительно возрастает с ростом температуры.
The PRC Economy: New Horizons of its Development till 2025
Authors: Ostrovskii Andrei V.
Published: July 2024

The article analyses problems of China’s social and economic development in the period of the 14th Five Year Plan (2021–2025) by the materials, which were published in October, 2022 at the XX Congress of the CPC and in March, 2023 at the First Session of the National People’s Congress (NPC) of the 14-th Convocation. This article sums up the social and economic results of 2022, when economic growth rates were much less than in the period of economic reforms at the end of the XX century and in the beginning of the XXI century because the COVID-19 epidemic and evident decrease of the world economic development. Never the less a lot of economic indices of China proved to be higher than all over the world, and now China is one of the world economic leaders. The First Session of the NPC planned quite realistic goals of social and economic development of China for 2023. The author considers, if China fulfills its tasks by the end of the 14-th Five Year Plan, it will strengthen its economic potential and promote living standards of the Chinese population.
China’s Foreign Aid Transformation: Driver and Path Analysis
Authors: Dai Hui , Sereda Aleksei V.
Published: July 2024

This article examines the process of development of the state policy of the People's Republic of China in the sphere of international assistance to developing states. In its development, this policy has passed through three stages, which can be conditionally characterized as a gradual transition from political assistance through commercial support to assistance in the role of a "responsible state". At present, China's policy is undergoing a transformation: China's role has changed from "local partner" to "aid provider" and the establishment of a "new development aid system" has become the core of the development cooperation program. The paper investigates the reasons for these changes and also looks in more detail at the institutional aspects of the transformation underway, which include, among others, the establishment of the National Agency for International Development Cooperation in 2018. It is concluded that in the context of the ongoing changes, the practical aspects of public policy implementation are of particular importance: in particular, it is necessary to ensure a greater degree of transparency in management decision-making, as well as to establish a channel of direct communication with the final recipients of aid — foreign organizations and citizens. It is noted that the concept of "community of common destinies of mankind" makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of international aid in the context of multipolarity of the emerging world order, while the existing Western models of international aid providing do not take into account the objectively occurring global changes. Successful resolution of these issues will not only meet China's changed role in the international arena, but also contribute significantly to its domestic economic and social development.
China in Central Asia’s “Green” Energy Sector
Authors: Leksyutina Yana V.
Published: July 2024

Over the past few years, China has been increasingly active in promoting solar, wind, small hydropower and other clean technologies (from electric vehicles to smart grids) in Central Asia, where demand for a green transformation is high and the potential for clean energy is enormous. Beijing’s involvement in the development of the renewable energy industry in the region is intended to strengthen China’s international image as a responsible great power promoting the green transition, promote the implementation of Chinese rules, norms and standards in the field of clean energy, and expand the export opportunities of Chinese manufacturers of green equipment and technologies (including the so-called “three new products”— photovoltaic products, electric vehicles and lithium-ion batteries), open up new opportunities to meet China’s energy needs. The article focuses on cooperation between China and Central Asian countries in such areas as the development of solar and wind energy. The article demonstrates the interest convergence of the parties in the development of clean energy, determines the role, scale and forms of China’s participation in the promotion of solar and wind energy in the region.It is concluded that at the present stage, China’s role in financing solar and wind energy projects in the region is limited (especially in comparison with the scale of financing coming from multilateral development banks and national development and international cooperation agencies of Western countries), while the presence of Chinese companies as contractors and equipment suppliers in the construction of solar and wind power plants in Central Asia is very significant.
N.A. Berdyaev: strokes to the portrait of a social philosopher
Authors: Malinkin Alexander N.
Published: July 2024

The article examines the views of N. A. Berdyaev. The author relies on the publications of the historian of Russian sociology V.V. Sapov, problemicizing on nature of thinking and style of Berdyaev’s philosophizing, of how sociological is his methodology, as well as the assessment of his so-called “apophatic sociology”. The author shows that Berdyaev’s social philosophy is based on the doctrine of man (philosophical anthropology), the core of which is religious and philosophical concept of personality (personalism). Parallels are drawn with the views of V.l. Solovyov, S. N. Bulgakov, S. L. Frank, M. Scheler. The ideological and value meaning of Berdyaev’s “Christian sociology” is shown to be based on the ideal of “personalistic socialism”, which he considered “true communism”, and is crowned by eschatology, calling for an “active understanding of the apocalypse”. In conclusion, the author emphasizes the relevance of Berdyaev’s views for our time – the epoch of the dominance of digital techniques, social technologies, and a decline of human spiritual potential.
The market of academic texts in Russia (according to a qualitative survey)
Authors: Chepurenko Alexander Yu. , Chernysheva Marina V.
Published: July 2024

In Russia, there exists a market where academic texts are sold and bought, from student qualification papers to scientific articles and dissertations. Although its existence violates the formal norms and values of the scientific community, it functions sustainably. The authors analyze the established practices of writing academic texts on demand (with an emphasis on the study of the social behavior of actors) as part of a specific organizational field, a kind of market. The study is based on semi-structured interviews with six direct actors, so-called scriptors (or ghostwriters) and four experts representing NGOs in the field of science and higher education. Destructive entrepreneurship in the system of higher education and science is characterized as a complex system, the actors of which are not only informally “self-employed” scriptors, but also formal organizations that provide contact between customers and performers of academic work. The stability of quasi-scientific texts market in Russia is associated at the macro level with the high demand for higher education and scientific degrees as a status attribute, as well as with a significant supply from scientific and pedagogical workers, thus compensating for the limited opportunities for legal academic entrepreneurship by informal destructive entrepreneurship. At the meso level, the institutional conditions are the rigidity of Russian universities, which continue to be primarily educational institutions, where legal academic entrepreneurship of an innovative type is developing very modestly, and low salaries of staff members. At the micro level, it is an attempt to impose publication activity as the main criterion of academic success in conditions where a significant part of university staff perceive themselves as teachers, not researchers, and do not seek (or do not have the opportunity) to change this situation.
The potential for the development of research and pedagogical staff: a sociological perspective
Authors: Zborovsky Garold E.
Published: July 2024

The article examines the main quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the university social community of research and pedagogical stuff (RPS) from the point of view of both the trends that took place at the beginning of the XXI century and the current trends, as well as the ways of long-term development of this category of intellectual labor specialists. It is proved that further improvement of higher education in the country is impossible without the active participation in this process of the flagship of university progress – RPS. In order to identify the prospects of this community, the solution of the fundamental tasks of developing its potential is considered. The article proposes a Pyramid of factors of influence on the RPS, driven by four social actors – the presidential administration (level of megafactors), the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russian Federation (level of macrofactors), regional authorities and local governments (level of mesofactors), university administration (level of microfactors). All the considered solutions of the regulators of different levels, in the author’s opinion, have a strategic importance for the development of the RPS potential.
Vladimir bekhterev and Pitirim Sorokin – scientific alliance in the name of sociology
Authors: Lomonosova Marina V. , Bulanova Marina B.
Published: July 2024

Based on the analysis of historical sources, the authors present the history of cooperation between two outstanding scientists of the early 20th century – Vladimir M. Bekhterev and Pitirim A. Sorokin – who had the common goal of establishing sociology as a new science in Russia. Courage and conviction of V. M. Bekhterev helped him open Russia’s first department of sociology as part of the Psychoneurological Institute, where a young scientist, P. A. Sorokin, successfully took his first steps into science. Throughout this creative partnership, Vladimir M. Bekhterev not only made an institutional contribution but also shaped the direction of empirical research. He examined pressing social issues such as famine, war, epidemics and crime from a psychiatric and physiological perspective. Pitirim A. Sorokin, on the other hand, conducted comprehensive sociological analyses of these phenomena, which later became an integral part of his scientific legacy. Bekhterev and Sorokin shared a deep and trusting friendship, and their collaboration faced challenges during turbulent historical periods. However, they remained steadfast in their commitment to defend sociology as a science and an academic discipline. Their work also emphasized the impact of famine on human behavior and society. Bekhterev and Sorokin’s research remained dedicated to human values, understanding the human condition, and social justice, continuing to inspire future generations of scholars and serving as a guiding light through various historical epochs.
Aristotle’s definition of oligarchy and oligarchic regimes in Athens, 5th–4th centuries bc
Authors: Surikov Igor E.
Published: July 2024

Aristotle’s Politics contains a non-traditional and even unexpected definition of oligarchy that pictures it, unlike the conventional interpretation (which proceeded from the transparent etymology of the term itself), not as the ‘rule of the few’ but as the ‘rule of the wealthy’. Accordingly, one of the main signs of oligarchies for the philosopher is the property qualification. The article analyzes how the political practice of Athenian oligarchs correlated with these theoretical theses. It appears that the two stages of the oligarchic movement in Athens (late fifth century BC and late fourth century BC) substantially differ precisely in this regard. In the first case, the question of a qualification was not even raised, and an entirely different principle was applied: creation of a citizen body restricted in number (5000 in 411 BC, 3000 in 404 BC). As to the second case, they used the idea of qualification in its full sense (2000 drachmas in 322 BC, 1000 drachmas in 317 BC). So oligarchic regimes of the first period are closer to the traditional definition of oligarchy, whereas oligarchic regimes of the second period are closer to Aristotle’s definition (and were undoubtedly created under ideological influence of the Peripatetic school).
Nero’s new Troy: the reception of Virgil and Horace in the Ilias Latina
Authors: Fratantuono Lee
Published: July 2024

In recent years increased attention had been focused on the miniature epic known as the ‘Latin Iliad’. Close investigation of its relationship to Virgil’s epic ‘Aeneid’ and to the lyric poetry of Horace will illustrate that the author of the Ilias Latina composed a work reflective of the Neronian Age concern with the relationship between Rome and Troy, and with the problem of showing clemency to a defeated enemy. The second of these topics is of particular relevance in light of Seneca and his De Ira and De Clementia.
Automation of the Manufacturing Industry in China: Prospects and Risks
Authors: Lemutov V. A
Published: July 2024

The paper examines the current state, prospects, and risks of the automation of China’s manufacturing industry in the context of demographic changes and the country’s transition to a new development model based on intensive growth factors. The transition to a new growth model and demographic changes have led to a shift in the factors of China’s competitiveness. Nonetheless, China continues to be the “world’s factory”, which implies the accelerating pace of industrial automation. Over the past 10 years, China has been the largest consumer of industrial robots in the world and has actively increased its own production. The country has surpassed the United States and reached the level of developed countries in terms of robot intensity. Despite the rapid growth in the adoption of industrial robots, an assessment of the structural changes in employment and the pace of automation in manufacturing up to 2030, based on available data, suggests that robotization is unlikely to pose significant risks to employment yet. Moreover, the pace of automation may prove insufficient to address the shortage of workers in the manufacturing sector.