bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Super-kilonovae” from Massive Collapsars as Signatures of Black Hole Birth in the Pair-instability Mass Gap
Authors: Siegel Daniel M. , Agarwal Aman , Barnes Jennifer , Metzger Brian D. , Renzo Mathieu , Villar V. Ashley
Published: December 2022

The core collapse of rapidly rotating massive ∼ 10M
⊙ stars (“collapsars”), and the resulting formation of hyperaccreting black holes, comprise a leading model for the central engines of long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and promising sources of r-process nucleosynthesis. Here, we explore the signatures of collapsars from progenitors with helium cores ≳ 130M
⊙ above the pair-instability mass gap. While the rapid collapse to a black hole likely precludes prompt explosions in these systems, we demonstrate that disk outflows can generate a large quantity (up to ≳ 50M
⊙) of ejecta, comprised of ≳ 5–10M
⊙ in r-process elements and ∼ 0.1–1M
⊙ of 56Ni, expanding at velocities ∼0.1 c. Radioactive heating of the disk wind ejecta powers an optical/IR transient, with a characteristic luminosity ∼ 1042 erg s−1 and a spectral peak in the near-IR (due to the high optical/UV opacities of lanthanide elements), similar to kilonovae from neutron star mergers, but with longer durations ≳1 month. These “super-kilonovae” (superKNe) herald the birth of massive black holes ≳ 60M
⊙, which—as a result of disk wind mass loss—can populate the pair-instability mass gap “from above,” and could potentially create the binary components of GW190521. SuperKNe could be discovered via wide-field surveys, such as those planned with the Roman Space Telescope, or via late-time IR follow-up observations of extremely energetic GRBs. Multiband gravitational waves of ∼ 0.1–50 Hz from nonaxisymmetric instabilities in self-gravitating massive collapsar disks are potentially detectable by proposed observatories out to hundreds of Mpc; in contrast to the “chirp” from binary mergers, the collapsar gravitational-wave signal decreases in frequency as the disk radius grows (“sad trombone”).
Resolved Molecular Gas Observations of MaNGA Post-starbursts Reveal a Tumultuous Past
Authors: Otter Justin Atsushi , Rowlands Kate , Alatalo Katherine , Leung Ho-Hin , Wild Vivienne , Luo Yuanze , Petric Andreea O. , Sazonova Elizaveta , Stark David V. , Heckman Timothy , Davis Timothy A. , Ellison Sara , French K. Decker , Baker William , Bluck Asa F. L. , Lanz Lauranne , Lin Lihwai , Liu Charles , Cobá Carlos López , Masters Karen L. , Nair Preethi , Pan 潘 Hsi-an 璽安 , Riffel Rogemar A. , Scudder Jillian M. , Smercina Adam , van de Voort Freeke , Weaver John R.
Published: December 2022

Post-starburst (PSB) galaxies have recently and rapidly quenched their star formation; thus, they are an important way to understand how galaxies transition from star-forming late types to quiescent early types. The recent discovery of large cold gas reservoirs in PSB galaxies calls into question the theory that galaxies must lose their gas to become quiescent. Optical Integral Field Spectroscopy (IFS) surveys have revealed two classes of PSB galaxies: central PSB (cPSB) galaxies with central quenching regions and ring PSB (rPSB) galaxies with quenching in their outskirts. We analyze a sample of 13 nearby (z < 0.1) PSB galaxies with spatially resolved optical IFS data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory survey and matched resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of 12CO(1–0). Disturbed stellar kinematics in 7/13 of our PSB galaxies and centrally concentrated molecular gas is consistent with a recent merger for most of our sample. In galaxies without merger evidence, alternate processes may funnel gas inward and suppress star formation, which may include outflows, stellar bars, and minor mergers or interactions. The star formation efficiencies of the PSB regions in nearly half our galaxies are suppressed while the gas fractions are consistent with star-forming galaxies. Active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback may drive this stabilization, and we observe AGN-consistent emission in the centers of 5/13 galaxies. Finally, our cPSB and rPSB galaxies have similar properties except the ionized and molecular gas in cPSB galaxies is more disturbed. Overall, the molecular gas in our PSB galaxies tends to be compact and highly disturbed, resulting in concentrated gas reservoirs unable to form stars efficiently.
One-dimensional Numerical Study on Ignition of the Helium Envelope in Dynamical Accretion during the Double-degenerate Merger
Authors: Iwata Kazuya , Maeda Keiichi
Published: December 2022

In order for a double-detonation model to be viable for normal type Ia supernovae, the adverse impact of helium-burning ash on early time observables has to be avoided, which requires that the helium envelope mass should be at most 0.02 M
⊙. Most of the previous studies introduced detonation by artificial hot spots, and therefore the robustness of the spontaneous helium detonation remains uncertain. In the present work, we conduct a self-consistent hydrodynamic study on the spontaneous ignition of the helium envelope in the context of the double-degenerate channel, by applying an idealized one-dimensional model and a simplified seven-isotope reaction network. We explore a wide range of the progenitor conditions and demonstrate that the chance of direct initiation of detonation is limited. Especially, the spontaneous detonation requires the primary envelope mass of ≳0.03 M
⊙. Ignition as deflagration is instead far more likely, which is feasible for the lower envelope mass down to ∼0.01 M
⊙, which might lead to subsequent detonation once the deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) is realized. High-resolution multidimensional simulations are required to further investigate the DDT possibility, as well as accurately derive the threshold between the spontaneous detonation and deflagration ignition regimes. Another interesting finding is the effect of the composition: while mixing with the core material enhances detonation as previously suggested, it rather narrows the chance for deflagration due to the slower rate of the 12C(α,γ)16O reaction at the lower temperature ∼108K, with the caveat that we presently neglect the proton-catalyzed reaction sequence of 12C(p,γ)13O(α,p)16O.
Constraints on the Physics of the Prompt Emission from Distant and Energetic Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 220101A
Authors: Mei Alessio , Oganesyan Gor , Tsvetkova Anastasia , Ravasio Maria Edvige , Banerjee Biswajit , Brighenti Francesco , Ronchini Samuele , Branchesi Marica , Frederiks Dmitry
Published: December 2022

The emission region of γ-ray bursts (GRBs) is poorly constrained. The uncertainty on the size of the dissipation site spans over 4 orders of magnitude (1012–1017 cm) depending on the unknown energy composition of the GRB jets. The joint multiband analysis from soft X-rays to high energies (up to ∼1 GeV) of one of the most energetic and distant GRBs, GRB 220101A (z = 4.618), allows us to make an accurate distinction between prompt and early afterglow emissions. The enormous amount of energy released by GRB 220101A (E
iso ≈ 3 × 1054 erg) and the spectral cutoff at

E

cutoff

=

85

−
26

+
16

MeV observed in the prompt emission spectrum constrain the parameter space of the GRB dissipation site. We put stringent constraints on the prompt emission site, requiring 700 < Γ0 < 1160 and R

γ
∼ 4.5 × 1013 cm. Our findings further highlight the difficulty of finding a simple self-consistent picture in the electron–synchrotron scenario, favoring instead a proton–synchrotron model, which is also consistent with the observed spectral shape. Deeper measurements of the time variability of GRBs, together with accurate high-energy observations (MeV–GeV), would unveil the nature of the prompt emission.
Knowledge of Household Contacts of Diabetic Patients about the Disease
Authors: Albalawi Ahmad Raja Saeed Albalawi , Ahmed Elzaki M. E.
Published: December 2022

Background: Diabetes is a complex, chronic illness requiring continuous medical care with multifactorial risk-reduction strategies beyond glycemic control. Ongoing patients and their household care givers self-management education and support are critical to preventing acute complications and reducing the risk of long-term complications
Objectives: To assess the knowledge of household contacts about different aspects of diabetes and determine factors affecting it.
Subjects and methods: Cross sectional analytic design was conducted in Buraidah city, North central Saudi Arabia among a sample of household contacts of diabetic patients (Type 1 or 2) attending Buraidah diabetic center throughout the period of the study. A valid self-administered questionnaire including question about socio-demographic characteristics of the participants, patient’s diabetic characteristics and knowledge questions regarding diabetes was used for data collection.
Results: The study included 422 household contacts of diabetic patients. The age of 44% of the participants was ranging between 20 and 39 years. Females represent 55.2% of them. Almost two-thirds of the participants (64.4%) expressed adequate level of knowledge about diabetes whereas 12.6% had poor level of knowledge. Their main source of information about diabetes was physicians (56.9%), followed by books/social media (23.9%). Household contacts aged between 20 and 39 years, singles, postgraduate educated, working, being sons and parents of patients were more knowledgeable about diabetes compared to their counterparts. Participants whose patients had more duration of diabetes, family support, and no foot fungal infection were more knowledgeable about the disease. With increasing in the level of HbA1c% among diabetic patients, the knowledge of household contacts about the disease decreased, p<0.001.
Conclusion: Knowledge of household contacts of diabetic patients in Buraidh city, Saudi Arabia about diabetes was overall adequate with some identified deficient facts. The increase in the level of knowledge was accompanied with more glycemic control.
Are Adverse Childhood Experiences Associated with Depression in Early Adolescence? An Ecological Analysis Approach Using GEAS Baseline Data 2018 in Indonesia
Authors: Mustikaningtyas Mustikaningtyas , Pinandari Anggriyani Wahyu , Setiyawati Diana , Wilopo Siswanto Agus
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND: Child and adolescent violence and harassment have frequently happened in Indonesia in the past 5 years. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) at an early age involve traumatic events, which can cause long-term negative effects on mental health and well-being.

AIM: This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the correlation between ACEs and depressive symptoms among early adolescents in Indonesia.

METHODS: Using Indonesia’s Global Early Adolescent Study (GEAS), data analysis included 4684 early adolescents with 2207 boys and 2477 girls from three sites: Semarang, Lampung, and Bali. Depressive symptoms were collected using self-reported questionnaires. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to examine how ACEs, individual, family, and peer-level predictors predict depressive symptoms with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

RESULTS: Nearly 80% of adolescents have experienced at least one ACE; the prevalence of experiencing depressive symptoms in boys and girls was closely similar. Adolescents with ACEs were two times more likely to have depressive symptoms (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.70−2.38). Among the family-level predictors, only wealth was significantly associated with depressive symptoms. All variables in peer-level predictors including communication with peers, peer perception of having sex, and dating through unadjusted until adjusted models significantly predict depressive symptoms, (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.20−1.61), (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.14−2.91), and (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02−1.36), respectively. After adjusting with individual, family, and peer-level, only sex, wealth, and peer-level variables were associated with depressive symptoms.

CONCLUSION: ACEs strongly predict depression when the analysis was adjusted for social-ecological predictors. Recognition of the significant roles of family and peer-level predictors is important to improve adolescent health and well-being.
Structural Equation Modeling using Partial Least Squares for Occupational Safety and Health Factors and Work Environment Factors Toward Occupational Diseases on Labors in Industry X Cimahi City
Authors: Nurhayati Ati , Purnama Lubis Bambang , Pujiono Pujiono , Aripin Salma
Published: December 2022

Occupational diseases can be caused by work, work tools, materials, processes, or the work environment. Efforts to control risk factors during the production process in the manufacturing industry are important. These efforts are carried out by monitoring and measuring the work environment for environmental prevention and management. Technical control, administrative control, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) are some efforts to maintain their health condition and protect workers from health problems and adverse effects caused by work. This study wants to figure out the modeling of occupational safety and health factors, individuals, and the work environment that can cause occupational diseases in workers by using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The sample size in this study was 50 workers (respondents). The analysis used is Chi-Square and PLS-SEM. The results showed a significant relationship between the PPE use, years of service, air dust levels, illness history, and noise factor with the incidence of occupational diseases. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between occupational safety and health factors (PPE use and noise factor) with occupational diseases, between individual factors (years of service and illness history) with occupational diseases, and between work environment factors (air dust levels) and occupational diseases. In suggestion, a control over workplace environmental parameters that exceeded the threshold value is required, such as dust, noise, lighting, temperature, and humidity levels. Further research on other risk factors that can affect the incidence of occupational diseases is required, such as gas parameters, ventilation, and the application of occupational safety and health management systems.
Corporate power and the resolution of the Eurozone crisis
Authors: Georgiou Christakis
Published: December 2022

La littérature sur la crise de la zone euro néglige deux caractéristiques déterminantes de la crise, à savoir la tentative initiale de s'appuyer sur l'implication du secteur privé et la répression financière pour faire face aux crises de liquidité dans les États membres. Cet article affirme que ces lacunes découlent du fait que la littérature néglige le concept de pouvoir des entreprises. Il propose une analyse de la manière dont la crise a émergé et a finalement été résolue en 2010-2012, qui s'articule autour d'un compte rendu de la manière dont le pouvoir structurel des entreprises a déterminé l'issue de la crise.
Construire son Identité-logement après un parcours sans domicile : une recherche participative en pension de famille
Authors: Trevidy Frédérique , Benoist Yann , Cocot Jean-Paul , Cuvilliez Patrick , Le Guen Marcel , Niati Abdelaziz , Gervais Mélanie , Petitot Cécile , Gagnayre Rémi
Published: December 2022

Face au sans-abrisme en France, le développement des pensions de famille est encouragé. Ces logements pérennes et accompagnés accueillent des publics en grande exclusion. Mais, au-delà d’être un toit, le logement est un espace d’identité. À travers une recherche participative, l’article vise à éclairer l’Identité-logement de résidents, auparavant sans domicile. Le protocole est mené sur les pensions de famille, par un groupe de résidents, d’intervenants sociaux et de chercheurs. Les données sont recueillies à l’aide d’entretiens semi-dirigés, de focus group et d’observations participantes. D’après nos résultats, l’accès au logement n’engendre pas spontanément une rupture. L’Identité-logement se construit par des boucles récursives entre habitudes passées et présentes, produisant de nouvelles perceptions sur soi-même et son environnement. Le sentiment de sécurité ontologique est le socle de l’Identité-logement. Si la pérennité du logement semble essentielle à asseoir ce sentiment, c’est pourtant la confiance que le résident accorde à la durabilité du changement avec sa vie d’avant qui permet son renforcement et la stabilisation de son Identité-logement.
Identification of numerical solutions of a fractal-fractional divorce epidemic model of nonlinear systems via anti-divorce counseling
Authors: Al-Qurashi Maysaa , Sultana Sobia , Karim Shazia , Rashid Saima , Jarad Fahd , Alharthi Mohammed Shaaf
Published: December 2022

Divorce is the dissolution of two parties' marriage. Separation and divorce are the major obstacles to the viability of a stable family dynamic. In this research, we employ a basic incidence functional as the source of interpersonal disagreement to build an epidemiological framework of divorce outbreaks via the fractal-fractional technique in the Atangana-Baleanu perspective. The research utilized Lyapunov processes to determine whether the two steady states (divorce-free and endemic steady state point) are globally asymptotically robust. Local stability and eigenvalues methodologies were used to examine local stability. The next-generation matrix approach also provides the fundamental reproducing quantity $ \bar{\mathbb{R}_{0}} $. The existence and stability of the equilibrium point can be assessed using $ \bar{\mathbb{R}}_0 $, demonstrating that counseling services for the separated are beneficial to the individuals' well-being and, as a result, the population. The fractal-fractional Atangana-Baleanu operator is applied to the divorce epidemic model, and an innovative technique is used to illustrate its mathematical interpretation. We compare the fractal-fractional model to a framework accommodating different fractal-dimensions and fractional-orders and deduce that the fractal-fractional data fits the stabilized marriages significantly and cannot break again.
“From The Kallikaks to The Kallikaks: Hillbilly Elegy and the Legacy of Eugenics”
Authors: Robinson Richard Knox
Published: December 2022

Ron Howard’s popular adaptation of JD Vance’s Hillbilly Elegy treated the New York Times bestselling book as an answer to the politics of Appalachia, offering insight into understanding Trump’s popularity. Yet with Trump’s recent endorsement of Vance for a Senate run, this reading of Vance’s text requires an update. One that looks to the larger context of hillbilly-themed representations. American eugenics offers such a view. For over 100 years the American eugenics movement used the hillbilly stereotype to justify its surveillance, categorization, institutionalization, and sterilization of what they called “defectives” in promoting its image of “whiteness.” Popular media was an integral part of these efforts. The foundational narrative of the American eugenics movement, Goddard’s 1912 text The Kallikaks is also the name of a hillbilly-themed sitcom produced in 1977. Utilizing Lisa Cartwright’s Screening the Body, Tracing Medicine’s Visual Culture, this article argues that the narrative of the hillbilly stereotype in American eugenics has been an integral part of cinema and television history, extending back to the motion studies. A history that finds its extension in Howard’s adaptation of JD Vance’s book, Hillbilly Elegy.
Linking Performance Management Systems (PMS) With Organizational Development (OD)
Authors: Kumar Pankaj
Published: December 2022

The relationship between human resource practices and organizational performance has been extensively researched throughout the year. Performance management has been recognized as the most important tool and critical component of HR practices for an organization. In literature, the outcome is blurring the relationship between the performance management system and organizational development. On this basis, this study is going to establish a relationship between the performance management system (PMS) and organizational development (OD) in the manufacturing sector in India. The data have been evaluated descriptive statistics, factors analysis, and regression through SPSS 22.0. The findings demonstrate that using PMS, such as ‘organizational vision and mission', ‘employee participation', and ‘pay for performance' have a positive link with organizational development.
Factors Affecting Emotional Intelligence at Workplace Performance
Authors: Soomro Fayyaz Ahmad , Toru Naveed Ahmad , Alam Noor A. , Bakhsh Muhammad
Published: December 2022

Emotional intelligence is assuming plenteous position in the social and association life. The individuals who are profoundly equipped with emotional intelligence (EI) can perform better at the workplace. There are some environmental factors that affect EI at the workplace in public and private organizations. The paper presents a conceptual model that explains the environmental factors that influence EI directly or indirectly. EI mainly depends on personal emotions, so this study considers the individual context. Primary data from 250 personals having authoritative jobs is collected through properly designed questionnaire by using random sampling technique. The analyzed factors were job autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive role, purpose in life, and organizational commitment. The results show that factors like job autonomy and organizational commitment have significant and positive impact on emotional intelligence, and employees can enhance the level of performance.
Metallic Oxide Nanoparticle from Agricultural Waste: A Review on Composition and Application
Authors: Fayomi Ojo Sunday Isaac , Biodun Biola Mathew , Okeniyi O. Joshua
Published: December 2022

The rapid advancement in the extraction method of metallic oxide nanoparticles from agricultural waste has led to the significant use of agriculture waste in the nanotechnology industry because the use of chemical procedures in the production of metallic oxide nanoparticles produces hazardous toxic compounds that are dangerous to the ecosystem. In particular, this article examines the creation of silicon dioxide (silica) nanoparticles from agricultural waste. Environmental cleanup and wastewater purification are only two examples of the many areas where sand-sized silica particles (SNPs) have shown promising results. rural, agricultural, etc. The lack of toxicity of these particles has been demonstrated, making them an excellent tool for biomedical study. Additionally, because of the particles' ability to mobilize molecules onto their interior and external surfaces, they constitute good transporters for both biotic and non-biotic substances. In this regard, the current paper provides a thorough assessment of the sources of agricultural waste used in producing silica nanoparticles as well as the processes used to create it. The report also examines SNPs' most recent applications in a number of fields and discusses the technology's potential for the future.Keywords:Fuel additives;ethanol;brake power;Internal combustion engine;fuel
Experimental Research on the Effect of the Rotary Friction Welding Process on Carbon Steel AISI 1030
Authors: Trung Pham Quang , Nam Phan Bao Hoai
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the rotary friction welding (RFW) technological parameters when welding two parts with medium carbon steel AISI 1030. Rotary friction welding has several parameters that can influence the quality of the weld joint. In this study, the adjustable and observable parameters are selected, i.e. friction pressure and friction time. The samples welded are observed in microstructure and their Rockwell hardness is measured to consider the effect of the parameters. The results reveal that friction pressure and friction time are the main factors of this welding process. Besides, the microstructures and hardness change in the welding zone because of the difference in the welding temperature.
Pleiotropic effects of anti-thrombotic therapies: have direct oral anticoagulants any anti-inflammatory effect?
Authors: Gori Anna Maria , Camilleri Eleonora , Bertelli Alessia , Rogolino Angela , Cesari Francesca , Lotti Elena , Capobianco Tommaso , Iannotti Walther , Giusti Betti , Marcucci Rossella
Published: December 2022

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are currently recommended by European guidelines as the first line therapy for both stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and the prevention and the treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Recently, it has been speculated that DOACs have anti-inflammatory capabilities in reducing the abnormal release of pro-inflammatory factors in addition to inhibiting the activation of factor X or factor II of the coagulation cascade. However, this hypothesis is based on limited pathophysiological data with small sample size, often on in vitro studies. Real-world, in vivo, and large clinical data are scarce. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the possible anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects of DOACs treatment in a cohort of patients affected by AF or VTE, by analyzing an extensive panel of cytokines and molecules involved in the process of vascular and tissue remodeling. Our data evidenced that DOACs treatment is associated with variations in systemic inflammation markers and in metalloproteinases. Further studies with larger number of patients are required to confirm these data.
Efficacy of nitrous oxide-oxygen inhalation versus oral midazolam-promethazine as sedative agents in pediatric patients
Authors: Karishma  , Kohli Sonam , Rajeesh Mohammed P.K. , Balan Usha , Choudhury Basanta K. , DSouza Henston
Published: December 2022

Background

Managing difficult and uncooperative pediatric dental patients is a challenging task. Conscious sedation has been propagated as a pharmacological means for handling such situations.

Objective

To evaluate the effects of sedation using nitrous oxide-oxygen inhalation versus oral midazolam-promethazine in pediatric patients.

Patients and methods

A total of 100 pediatric patients were selected and divided into two equal categories: group 1 (midazolam-promethazine) and group 2 (N2O-O2). Ethical committee approval was obtained, and patients were assessed. Data collected were analyzed using an unpaired t test.

Results

Duration of sedation was found to be statistically significant, and a higher duration was found for group 1. No significant differences were noted in the behavior rating scale with either of the combinations and in pulse oximeter readings.

Conclusion

Midazolam/promethazine is better in inducing longer sedation than N2O/O2.
Ulrich bundles on cubic fourfolds
Authors: Faenzi Daniele , Kim Yeongrak
Published: December 2022

We show the existence of rank 6 Ulrich bundles on a smooth cubic fourfold. First, we construct a simple sheaf

\mathcal E

of rank 6 as an elementary modification of an ACM bundle of rank 6 on a smooth cubic fourfold. Such an

\mathcal E

appears as an extension of two Lehn–Lehn–Sorger–van Straten sheaves. Then we prove that a general deformation of

\mathcal E(1)

becomes Ulrich. In particular, this says that general cubic fourfolds have Ulrich complexity 6.
Fréquence et déterminants de l’édentement partiel des adultes dans les institutions médicodentaires de Kinshasa, en République Démocratique du Congo
Authors: Mayunga Guyguy Mbuebo , Thenene Tina Tsimba , Tokembe Daniel Foockas , Ntumba Ursule Kabasele , Bolenge Jacques Ileboso , Sekele Jean-Paul Isouradi , Mashinda Désiré Kulimba , Lutula Joseph Pene-Shenda
Published: December 2022

Contexte et objectifs. La perte de dents appelée édentement affecte la mastication, la parole, l’esthétique, le comportement social et la qualité de vie. L’objectif de la présente étude était d’évaluer la fréquence et les determinants de l’édentement partiel (EP) chez les adultes dans les institutions médico-dentaires de Kinshasa. Méthodes. C’était étude transversale analytique conduite entre octobre 2019 et juillet 2021 dans quelques institutions médico-dentaires de Kinshasa auprès des patients adultes congolais. Les variables d’intérêts étaient la fréquence et les causes de l’EP, les facteurs sociodémographiques et la présence du diabète et/ou de l’hypertension artérielle (HTA). Les déterminants de l’EP ont été recherchés par l’analyse de régression logistique multivariée. Résultats. Quatre cent vingt sept patients ont été inclus. Leur âge moyen était de 37,9 ±15,4 ans. La fréquence de l’EP était de 71%. Seul le statut diabète et/ou hypertension a été indépendamment associé à l’EP (ORa : 23,8 ; IC 95% : 3,2-174,8). Conclusion. La fréquence de l’EP était très élevée chez les adultes, influencée par la presence du diabète et/ou HTA.

English title: Frequency and determinants of partial edentulism in adults in medico-dental institutions in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context and objectives. Tooth loss called edentulism affects people chewing, speech, aesthetic, social behavior and quality of life. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of partial edentulism (PE) of adults in medico-dental centers in Kinshasa. Methods. This analytic cross-sectional was conducted between October 2019 and July 2021 in sole medico-dental centers of Kinshasa with Congolese adult patients. Variables of interest were prevalence and cause of PE, sociodemographic status, and the presence of diabetes and/or high blood pressure (HBP). PE determinants were sought by multiple logistic regression. The significant threshold was p<0,05. Results. Four hundred twenty-seven patients were involved. The mean age was 37,9±15,4 years. The prevalence of PE was 71%. Diabetes and/or HBP were the sole determinant independently associated with PE (ORa: 23.8; CI 95 %: 3.2- 174.8). Conclusion. The prevalence of PE was very high among adults, influenced by diabetes and/or HBP.

Keywords: Congolese adults, Determinants, Partial edentulous
Fixation and fixatives in histopathology: a review
Authors: Ajileye A.B. , Esan E.O.
Published: December 2022

If fixation is not adequate, the other processes that follow such as dehydration, clearing, infiltration, embedding, microtomy and staining, will also be inadequate. A poorly processed tissue will make it difficult for the Pathologist/Histoscientist to render a proper diagnosis. This article is aimed at elucidating more on fixatives and fixation process in histopathology. The information presented in this review was gathered primarily from an extensive literature search on PubMed, Scopus and Textbooks. Fixatives in histopathology can be grouped into simple and compound fixatives. Simple fixative is a solution or gas which contains only one active ingredient or that has a singlechemical solution. Examples include; Formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde, Mercuric Chloride, Potassium Dichromate, Picric Acid, Osmium Tetroxide, Acetic Acid, Ethanol, Acetone and Chromic Acid. When two or more simple fixatives are combined in a solution, the resulting solution is called a compound fixative. This can be further divided into Microanatomical and cytological fixatives. Examples of a micro-anatomical fixatives include; 10% formal-saline, Heidenhain’s Susa, Boiun’s fluid, Formol Sublimate. Cytological fixatives are grouped into cytoplasmic and nuclear fixatives. Fixation terminates any ongoing biochemical reactions, and also increases the mechanical strength or stability of the treated tissues. To accomplish this, tissue samples are usually immersed immediately in a fixative fluid. The fixatives employed prevent autolysis and putrefaction from taking place. Fixatives are integral substances used in histopathology to forestall the actions of autolysis and putrefaction in tissue samples.
Serological detection of Zika Virus infection among HIV infected pregnant women in Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Sani N.M. , Bello F.A. , Dalha S. , Dalha S. , Abbas M.A. , Mujahid N.S. , Ado A. , Adamu A.Y. , Nuraddeen M.
Published: December 2022

Zika virus infection is one of the emerging often neglected viral infections in Africa. A study to determine the seroprevalence of Zika Virus (ZIKV) infection among HIV Positive Pregnant Women in Dutse, Jigawa state, Nigeria was conducted. A total of 89 HIV positive pregnant women were randomly selected for the study. Samples were collected between February, 2020 and March, 2021 from Rashid Shekoni specialist Hospital and Dutse General Hospital respectively. A standard rapid immuno-chromatographic technique that is; rapid ELISA was used to screen all the sera for IgM antibodies to Zika virus in addition to haematological analysis using Automated Haematological Analyser (Sysmex, KX-21N). Result has shown that out of the 89 participants enrolled, 4 (4.5%) of them were infected with Zika virus. Seventy-five Percent (75%) of the study participants had PCV below 30% and Lymphocytes below 20%. It was also found that, 75% of the participants that have Zika virus infection were in their first trimester of pregnancy. It can be concluded that, there is a low sero-prevalence of ZIKV infection in the study population. However, the need for public health authorities to provide quick response for the prevention of transmission of Zika virus in the state cannot be overemphasized. Hospital delivery among HIV positive pregnant women co-infected with Zika virus should be encouraged in Jigawa State to prevent vertical transmission to their babies.
Histopathological patterns in kidney biopsies in Zimbabwe: a 12-year retrospective study
Authors: Dahwa R , Rutsito L , Makunike-Mutasa R , Odwee M , Madzudzo O , Kajawo S
Published: December 2022

Objectives:  Data on histological patterns in native kidney biopsies in Zimbabwe is sparse. We sought to describe these histological patterns over a 12 year period.

Study Design:  We retrospectively evaluated the histological patterns on kidney biopsies at the largest private pathology laboratory in Zimbabwe from 1 January 2008 to 31 January 2020.

Setting: Histopathological data on all percutaneous native kidney biopsy specimens received at the pathology lab was recovered from electronic records. Indications for the kidney biopsy were then reviewed and patient demographics collected.

Subjects:  All patients who had a histopathological report identified from the electronic records and who had had a kidney biopsy for nephrological indications were included.

Results:  Sixty four 64 reports in total were identified and 18 were excluded (17biopsies done to evaluate renal masses and 1 kidney transplant biopsy). Thus 46 percutaneous native kidney biopsies were evaluated in the final analysis. Ninety six percent of the patients biopsied were of African descent. Primary FSGS was the commonest primary glomerular disease (26%) and lupus nephritis the commonest secondary glomerular disease (24%). The commonest indication for kidney biopsy was nephrotic syndrome (61%).

Conclusions:  FSGS was the commonest primary GN in this study of adult patients and the commonest indication for kidney biopsy was nephrotic syndrome. This finding is useful for guiding clinicians on managing patients presenting with nephrotic syndrome in low resource settings as often patients lack access to kidney biopsy services and empiric use of steroids may be considered in appropriate individual cases.
Anthropometric determinants of blood pressure changes in a community sample of adults in Sokoto, northwest Nigeria
Authors: Bamaiyi AJ , Umar H , Madaki HO , Musa MH , Usman A
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the predictability of rise in Blood Pressure (BP) parameters, by the various components of excessive weight gain, in a population-based sample of adults in Sokoto, Nigeria.

Design:  A cross-sectional descriptive study carried out on a community sample of adults attending a free medical screening.

Setting:  An open-space free medical service carried out in a Sokoto community.

Subjects:   All consenting, non-pregnant adults that participated in the event were included.

Main Outcome Measures:  Stepwise multivariate regression analysis was applied to determine the variability strengths of body weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), Lean Body Mass (LBM) and Body Fat (BF), on Systolic BP (SP), Diastolic BP (DP), Pulse Pressure (PP), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and Pulse Rate (PR). Slope of the relationship between dependent and independent variables were also determined.

Results: BF was a more consistent influencer of BP rise beyond other anthropometric parameters. BF versus SP and MAP are respectively; β-coefficient =0.357, CI =0.264  1.162, p=.002 and β-coefficient = 0.455, CI =0.324  0.890, p=.000. The influence of BMI on DP was β-coefficient =0.457, CI =0.564  1.555, p=.000 and influence of body weight on PR was β-coefficient =0.270, CI = 0.037  0.471, p=.023.

Conclusion: To assess the risk of excess weight gain on BP elevation, the BF component of body weight or BMI be given more attention and should be part of the targets of lifestyle modifications aimed at controlling hypertension and forestalling its complications.
Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potentials of some Indigenous Plants in Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Nnaji J. C. , Amaku J. F. , Ngwu C. M. , Chukwuemeka-Okorie H. O. , Akpomie K. G. , Ugwu B. I. , Siyaka M. Z. , Odoemelam S. A.
Published: December 2022

Twenty four ethanol leaf and stem bark extracts of 17 indigenous plants were examined for their phytochemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Phytochemical compositions were analysed with GC-MS while antimicrobial activities on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated by the agar well diffusion method. The antioxidant activities were determined with Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolic content (TPC) and 2, 2,-dihenyl-1-picryhydazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. The antibacterial activity was more towards the gram positive S. aureus than the gram negative P. aeruginosa for all the plant extracts.  A wide range of phenolic concentrations among the aqueous plant extracts which varied from 28.04 to 500.26mg GAE per gram were observed.  Inhibition percentages of DPPH ranged from 19.13 to 95.77% showing effectiveness in radical scavenging. GC-MS characterization of the plant extracts showed a total of 18 components including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, terpenoids, steroids and glycosides. Irvingia gabonensis leaf (IGL) extract and Tamarind stem bark (TSB) exhibited excellent ferric reducing abilities of 2.11 and 1.56 respectively while Voucanga Africana leaf (VCA) extract indicated the lowest ferric reducing power of 0.50. Extracts of IGL and TSB exhibited the highest antioxidant capacities and therefore could be the main sources of natural antioxidant. An important relationship between total phenolic content was observed showing that the major contributor to the antioxidant properties were phenolic compounds.
Effect of Oil Spill on Physicochemical Properties of Soil Spilled Sites in Kokori, Ethiope East Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Ejairu K. O. , Okiotor M. E.
Published: December 2022

Oil pollution might affect soil physicochemical properties. Pore spaces might be clogged, which could reduce soil aeration, water infiltration and increase bulk density, subsequently affecting plant growth. This study investigated the effect of oil spill sites at Kokori, Delta State, Nigeria, analyzing physicochemical properties, total petroleum hydrocarbon, polyaromatic hydrocarbon, benzene, anions and selected heavy metal concentrations using standard methods. Data obtained revealed that the physicochemical properties of the assessed soils were insignificantly altered when compared with their respective DPR intervention values. PH values were in the range of 4.80-5.60 which is considered to be strongly acidic. The electrical conductivity ranged from 122µS/cm to 185µS/cm indicating that the soil is saline. Chloride ion values were between 32.50mg/kg to 82.10mg/kg. Nitrate ranged from 0.85mg/kg to 1.04mg/kg, while phosphate was between 0.34mg/kg and 0.96mg/kg. Total petroleum hydrocarbon varied from 7.12-45.66mg/kg for topsoil and 7.12-37.82mg/kg for bottom soil. It is lowest at 7.12mg/kg, mean at 18.1mg/kg. These values were within the DPR permissible limits. Benzene and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) had a constant value of 0.001mg/kg in all locations.  Iron, arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel and copper were the heavy metals detected. Their concentrations at spill sites were moderate and generally did not exceed their respective target limits. However, level of lead was as high as 11.6mg/kg in location 3. The soil should be monitored so that it does not exceed the threshold values of the studied parameters.
Determinants of Male Involvement in Family Planning Decision making in a Rural Community in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Oyefabi A , Dambo H , Nwankwo B , Waje C , Kure S , Akabe J
Published: December 2022

Background: Male involvement in family planning (FP) is most often associated with better health outcomes for the family. This study assessed male involvement in FP at Fadan Kamantan, a rural community in Zango Kataf Local Government Area of Kaduna State, North Western Nigeria.

Methods: This was a community-based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 166 married men selected using multi-staged sampling technique. A set of structured, interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to obtain information from the respondents. Data was analyzed with IBM SPSS version 23.0 and STATA/SE 12. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

Results: The mean age of respondents was 38 ±10.7 years. Current use of FP method by the respondents’ spouses was 80 (51%). One hundred and twenty-two (77.7%) of the men gave consent for their wives to attend the FP clinics, 60 (38.2%) ever followed wives to the FP clinics, 122 (77.7%) ever initiated FP discussion with their spouses, 14 (8.9%) initiated FP discussions all the time, husbands predominantly took FP decisions 89 (56.7%). Only 97 (58.4%) had good overall scores for male involvement in FP decision making. The odds for good male involvement in FP was 27 times higher for those who had tertiary education (AOR=27.00, 95%CI=2.95-247.44) compared to those with no formal education.

Conclusion: The study showed that male involvement in FP was determined by educational status. The Local Government Authority should engage in health education on FP services targeted at men with lower educational status in this community.
Determinants of rural poverty in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Jatto K.A , Adeoye A.S , Oke O.S , Ogunbela A.A , Ojo-Fakuade F.F , Ogunwale O.G , Falana A.R
Published: December 2022

An increasing number of rural communities are experiencing persistently high poverty rates. The study therefore examined the determinants of rural poverty in Kwara State. A three-staged random sampling technique was used to select one hundred and fifty (150) respondents while data was collected using structured questionnaires. The data generated from the survey were analyzed using Descriptive statistics, Foster Greer and Thorbecke approach and Logistic regression model. The result of the descriptive analysis shows that most of the rural households were headed by males (80%), majority (81.33%) were married, and had a mean age of 53.60 years with majority (86.67%) of them not having access to credit facilities. The average monthly income of the respondents in the study area stood at ₦37193.33 while the mean per capita household expenditure was ₦17008.25 per month. The poverty status at household level revealed that 56% of the rural households are poor while 44% are not poor. The determinants of household poverty revealed that household size (p<0.01) is a positive and significant predictor of the probability of being poor while access to credit (p<0.1) and per capita income (p<0.05) are negative and significant predictors of the probability of being poor. Gender, marital status, educational status, and age of household head are non-significant predictors of the probability of being poor. It was therefore recommended that quality credit accessibility and participation in skills acquisition programmes through diversification should be encouraged due to their capability of improving the household income of the poor.
Populizm historyczny i kryzys demokracji. Węgry i Polska na tle Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Authors: Stryjek Tomasz
Published: December 2022

The Politics of Memory, Historical Populism and the Crisis of Democracy. Hungary and Poland Against the Backdrop of Central and Eastern Europe Firstly, the author analyzes those resources of historical memory that distinguish Hungary and Poland from the other states of Central and Eastern Europe. On the one hand, these resources most strongly associate them with the West, and on the other, they allow them to oppose it to justify their alternative development path. Secondly, he analyzes the cases of populists of various types across the region since 1989, highlighting those who campaigned with interpretations of the past to delegitimize political opponents, mainly from the left. Finally, and thirdly, he presents policies of memory of the right-wing governments of Hungary and Poland. In his opinion only they meet the criteria for the definition of historical populism. This term is what he calls a consistent governmental policy aimed at liberal elites and globalization as embodied by the West. It is conducted by changing the sense given to the entire past following the ideology of ethnocentrism and neo-traditionalism. This ideology is addressed to people-nation (lat. populus) to whom it assigns the role of an heir of a unique history and national tradition.
Republika Włoska wobec przemian politycznych na Bałkanach Zachodnich na przełomie Xx i Xxi wieku (1991–2001). Interesy narodowe i polityka euroatlantycka
Authors: Paszkiewicz Jędrzej
Published: December 2022

The Italian Republic Toward Political Changes in the Western Balkans Region at the Turn of 20th and 21st Centuries (1991–2001). National Interests and Euro-Atlantic Policy

The article aims to show the main circumstances influencing the evolution of the Italian diplomatic attitude towards the post-Yugoslav and Albanian area from 1991 through 2001. Both the international and internal contexts are included (the change of international order after the collapse of communist regimes, relations with NATO and the European Union, and the weakening of the international position of Italy as the result of its internal political crisis in 1992–1994). Two mutually supportive elements can be distinguished within the Italian policy toward the Balkans. Traditionally, Italian diplomats were focused on bilateral and multilateral activities aiming at the protection of territorial security and economic interests, primarily in the Adriatic region. They criticized all international military intervention in the post-Yugoslav area. This attitude was partially changed in 1999, when Italy decided to take part in NATO’s air operation Allied Force against Yugoslavia, although many controversies regarding this action arose on the Italian political scene. The article is based on published diplomatic documents, scientific publications and the press.
Katalog filmów czarnogórskich i o Czarnogórze (1896–1998). Materiał do badań podstawowych
Authors: Szymala Jacek
Published: December 2022

The Catalog of Montenegrin Films and Films about Montenegro (1896–1998). Material for Basic Research

The catalog contains an alphabetical list of 932 Montenegrin films and films about Montenegro; the author based his work on the publications of Gojko Kastratović and his research. The summary can be used as material for basic research in various disciplines.