bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composite Material Failure Model Updating Approach Leveraging Nondestructive Evaluation Data
Authors: Bahadori Mohammadreza , Tekerek Emine , Mathew Melvin , Krzysztof Mazur , Wisner Brian , Kontsos Antonios
Published: January 2021

A novel failure model updating methodology is presented in this paper for composite materials. The innovation in the approach presented is found in both the experimental and computational methods used. Specifically, a dominant bottleneck in data-driven failure model development relates to the types of data inputs that could be used for model calibration or updating. To address this issue, nondestructive evaluation data obtained while performing mechanical testing at the laboratory scale are used in this paper to form a damage metric based on a series of processing steps that leverage raw sensing inputs and provide progressive failure curves that are then used to calibrate the damage initiation point computed by full-field three-dimensional finite element simulations of fiber-reinforced composite material that take into account both intra- and interlayer damage. Such curves defined based on nondestructive evaluation data are found to effectively monitor the progressive failure process, and therefore, they could be used as a way to form modeling inputs at different length scales.
Are monarchs in trouble?
Authors: Pennisi Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

U.S. mulls protection for iconic butterfly, but some experts say fears overblown.
Fallen giant
Authors: Clery Daniel
Published: January 2021

Engineering failures and a harsh climate conspired in the sudden collapse of the Arecibo telescope. Now, researchers are planning a rebirth.
Targeting metabolism to influence aging
Authors: Pan Christopher , Locasale Jason W.
Published: January 2021

Inhibition of glutamine metabolism promotes death of senescent cells and improves healthy life span in mice
Stem cells on the ballot
Authors: Goldstein Lawrence S. B. , Klein Robert N.
Published: January 2021

California's ballot measures often reveal much about the broader U.S. policy environment. This is particularly true of the approval by the state's voters in November of Proposition 14, The California Stem Cell Research, Treatments, and Cures Initiative of 2020. Proposition 14 extends the 2004 ballot Proposition 71, which established the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) and authorized $3 billion in state-issued bonds for CIRM to fund stem cell and regenerative research and medicine (restricted to California). Proposition 14, which authorizes $5.5 billion over the next 10 years to continue CIRM's work, succeeded in part by informing voters of CIRM's successes and that its conflict-of-interest provisions are extremely strong. This state-level action is critical because, contrary to opponents' opinions, the overall policy environment for human stem cell research in the United States is in some ways worse now than when Proposition 71 passed.
PODC 2020 Review
Authors: Baig Ahad Mirza , Balliu Alkida , Davies Peter , Dory Michal
Published: January 2021

Rachid Guerraoui was the rst keynote speaker, and he got things o to a great start by discussing the broad relevance of the research done in our community relative to both industry and academia. He rst argued that, in some sense, the fact that distributed computing is so pervasive nowadays could end up sti ing progress in our community by inducing people to work on marginal problems, and becoming isolated. His rst suggestion was to try to understand and incorporate new ideas coming from applied elds into our research, and argued that this has been historically very successful. He illustrated this point via the distributed payment problem, which appears in the context of blockchains, in particular Bitcoin, but then turned out to be very theoretically interesting; furthermore, the theoretical understanding of the problem inspired new practical protocols. He then went further to discuss new directions in distributed computing, such as the COVID tracing problem, and new challenges in Byzantine-resilient distributed machine learning. Another source of innovation Rachid suggested was hardware innovations, which he illustrated with work studying the impact of RDMA-based primitives on fundamental problems in distributed computing. The talk concluded with a very lively discussion.
Review of the Hydra Conference on Concurrent and Distributed Computing Hydra 2020
Authors: Aksenov Vitaly , Fyodorov Alexey
Published: January 2021

Hydra is a premier Russian conference on Concurrent and Distributed Computing (https:// hydraconf.com). It is a one-of-a-kind conference, whose goal is to bring together people from academia and industry. At the same time, it is a forum for academics to present their groundbreaking recent research, while engineers present problems and solutions which appear in practice, and share tips-and-tricks. The conference mixes academia and software development. So far, this appears to have been to be very interesting for both sides of the concurrency and distributed systems community.
The Antisocial Network: Cross Talk Between Cell Death Programs in Host Defense
Authors: Snyder Annelise G. , Oberst Andrew
Published: January 2021

Nearly all animal cells contain proteins evolved to trigger the destruction of the cell in which they reside. The activation of these proteins occurs via sequential programs, and much effort has been expended in delineating the molecular mechanisms underlying the resulting processes of programmed cell death (PCD). These efforts have led to the definition of apoptosis as a form of nonimmunogenic PCD that is required for normal development and tissue homeostasis, and of pyroptosis and necroptosis as forms of PCD initiated by pathogen infection that are associated with inflammation and immune activation. While this paradigm has served the field well, numerous recent studies have highlighted cross talk between these programs, challenging the idea that apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis are linear pathways with defined immunological outputs. Here, we discuss the emerging idea of cell death as a signaling network, considering connections between cell death pathways both as we observe them now and in their evolutionary origins. We also discuss the engagement and subversion of cell death pathways by pathogens, as well as the key immunological outcomes of these processes.
Lactone-Based Liquid Electrolytes for Fluoride Shuttle Batteries
Authors: Kawasaki Mitsuo , Morigaki Ken-Ichi , Kano Gentaro , Nakamoto Hirofumi , Takekawa Reiji , Kawamura Junichi , Minato Taketoshi , Abe Takeshi , Ogumi Zempachi
Published: January 2021

Rechargeable secondary batteries operating through fluoride-ion shuttling between the positive and negative electrodes, referred to as fluoride shuttle batteries (FSBs), offer a potentially promising solution to overcoming the energy-density limitations of current lithium-ion battery systems. However, there are many technical issues that need to be resolved to achieve high-quality fluoride-carrying electrolytes and ensure reversible transformations between a metal and its fluoride counterpart at both electrodes. Here, we introduce novel lactone-based liquid electrolytes consisting either of CsF or KF, which are prepared by a solvent substitution method. Although the maximum fluoride-ion concentration achieved by the method is approximately 0.05 M, these systems behave as strong electrolytes where CsF(KF) is almost fully dissociated into Cs+(K+) and F− ions to give a maximum ionic conductivity of 0.8 mS.cm−1. Hence, the solvent supports electrochemically active fluoride ions that can drive reversible metal/metal-fluoride transformations at room temperature for a wide range of metal electrodes. However, irreversible reductive reactions of the solvent, also promoted by the fluoride ions, limit currently the negative potential window to approximately −1.5 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode.
Overexpression of MiR‐29b‐3p Inhibits Atrial Remodeling in Rats by Targeting PDGF‐B Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lv Xiangwei , Lu Pan , Hu Yisen , Xu Tongtong
Published: January 2021

Purpose. Studies have found that microRNAs (miRNAs) are closely associated with atrial fibrillation, but their specific mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this experiment is to explore the function of miR‐29b‐3p in regulating atrial remodeling by targeting PDGF‐B signaling pathway and thereby also explore the potential mechanisms. Methods. We randomly divided twenty‐four rats into four groups. Caudal intravenous injections of angiotensin‐II (Ang‐II) were administered to establish atrial fibrosis models. Expressions of miR‐29b‐3p and PDGF‐B were then tested via RT‐PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Binding sites were then analyzed via the bioinformatics online software TargetScan and verified by Luciferase Reporter. We used Masson staining to detect the degree of atrial fibrosis, while immunofluorescence and western blot were used to detect the expressions of Collagen‐I and a‐SMA. We used immunohistochemistry and western blot to detect the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43). Results. In comparison with the Ang‐II group, miR‐29b‐3p was seen to lower the degree of atrial fibrosis, decrease the expression of fibrosis markers such as Collagen‐I and a‐SMA, and increase the protein expression of Cx43. MiR‐29b‐3p can lower the expression of PDGF‐B, while the Luciferase Reporter showed that PDGF‐B is the verified target gene of miR‐29b‐3p. Conclusions. MiR‐29b‐3p was able to reduce atrial structural and electrical remodeling in the study’s rat fibrosis model. This biological function may be expressed through the targeted regulation of the PDGF‐B signaling pathway.
Preliminary Study on the Application of Ultrahigh Field Magnetic Resonance in Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Su Jiabin , Ni Wei , Yang Baofeng , Xiao Weiping , Gao Xinjie , Yang Heng , Li Yanjiang , Lei Yu , Jiang Hanqiang , Wang He , Gu Yuxiang , Mao Ying
Published: January 2021

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used for the evaluation of moyamoya disease (MMD). In this paper, we describe the features of time‐of‐flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF‐MRA) and susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) at 7 T in a series of MMD patients. In this prospective pilot study, 7 patients (median age: 45.6 years; range: 30‐52 years) with MMD and no contraindications for MRI underwent T2‐weighted, SWI, and TOF‐MRA sequences using a research 7 T head‐only scanner. We show that such sequences at ultrahigh field (UHF) represent new and valuable approaches to unravel and characterize MMD. While SWI reveals more remarkable imaging signs related to an improved magnitude and phase contrast imaging, the collateral network pathways in MMD could be excellently delineated using 7 T TOF‐MRA. In particular, using SWI and MRA fusion images in UHF MRI helps to improve the detection of bleeding points in hemorrhagic MMD. Our findings indicate that ultrahigh field MRI is very promising to access the severity of the disease and may facilitate revascularization surgery of MMD patients.
Discovering the Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Oncology Patients: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Alsharif Fatmah
Published: January 2021

Background. Patients with cancer pursue all possible opportunities of effective remedies. In Saudi Arabia, most patients have tried complementary medicine during their cancer treatment plan; however, some complementary medicines might pose a danger to health. In Arab countries, studies regarding the use of complementary medicines and the intentions behind using complementary medicines among cancer patients are inadequate and all but nonexistent. The aim of this review was to focus on demographic, prevalence, and reasons for complementary and alternative medicine use among patients with cancer. Methods. A rigorous literature search was conducted for articles published in the English language, using the search terms “complementary and alternative medicine,” “oncology,” “malignancy” AND “cancer patients” in five scientific databases, namely, Medical Literature On-Line (MEDLINE), PubMed, Web of Science, Psychology Information (PsycINFO), and Google Scholar, from 2010 to 2020. Results. Of the 13,160 studies returned from the search, only 12 were eligible and included in this review. The combined prevalence for using complementary and alternative medicines across all studies totaled 25%–80% of cancer patients for the treatment of their cancers. Natural products, including vitamins and minerals, herbal products, and relaxation, were the most common type of complementary and alternative medicines used. The reason for using complementary and alternative medicines was reported to be their helpfulness in recovering, healing, and improving health. Most of the studies mentioned that participants obtained their complementary and alternative medicines from multiple sources, including the media, family and friends, and physicians. Conclusion. The use of complementary and alternative medicines in cancer patients can be inferred as an attempt to investigate all possibilities, a manifestation of a coping style, or an illustration of unmet desires in the cancer management continuum. Anyhow, there should be adequate communication between healthcare providers and patients, which is crucial for establishing a trusting healthcare provider-patient relationship. Relevance to clinical practice. It is crucial that healthcare providers explore the use of complementary and alternative medicines with their cancer patients, as well as educating them about the possible usefulness of therapies based on the available evidence.
Validation of the German Version of the New Freezing of Gait Questionnaire for People with Parkinson‘s Disease
Authors: Seuthe Jana , Kuball Kristina , Hoffmann Ann-Kristin , Weisser Burkhard , Deuschl Günther , Schlenstedt Christian
Published: January 2021

Freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a highly disabling symptom which impacts quality of life. The New FOG Questionnaire (NFOG-Q) is the most commonly used tool worldwide to characterize FOG severity in PD. This study aims to provide a German translation of the NFOG-Q and to assess its validity in people with PD. The questionnaire was translated using forward-backward translation. Validity was tested in 57 PD patients with FOG via Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency and Spearman correlations with several clinical measures to quantify disease severity, mobility, fall risk, and cognitive state for convergent and divergent validity. The German version of the NFOG-Q shows good internal consistency (Cα = 0.84). Furthermore, the NFOG-Q score was significantly correlated with the MDS-UPDRS III, H&Y stage, Timed Up and Go test, and the subjective fear of falling (FES-I). The lack of correlation with cognition (MoCA) points towards good divergent validity. This study provides a German version of the NFOG-Q which proved to be valid for the assessment of FOG severity in individuals with PD.
Epigenetic and Posttranscriptional Modulation of SOS1 Can Promote Breast Cancer Metastasis through Obesity-Activated c-Met Signaling in African-American Women
Authors: Xing Fei , Zhao Dan , Wu Shih-Ying , Tyagi Abhishek , Wu Kerui , Sharma Sambad , Liu Yin , Deshpande Ravindra , Wang Yuezhu , Cleary Jacob , Miller Lance D. , Chittiboyina Amar G. , Yalamanchili Chinni , Mo Yin-Yuan , Watabe Kounosuke
Published: January 2021

Ethnicity is considered to be one of the major risk factors in certain subtypes of breast cancer. However, the mechanism of this racial disparity remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that SOS1, a key regulator of Ras pathway, is highly expressed in African-American (AA) patients with breast cancer compared with Caucasian-American patients. Because of the higher obesity rate in AA women, increased levels of SOS1 facilitated signal transduction of the c-Met pathway, which was highly activated in AA patients with breast cancer via hepatocyte growth factor secreted from adipocytes. Elevated expression of SOS1 also enhanced cancer stemness through upregulation of PTTG1 and promoted M2 polarization of macrophages by CCL2 in metastatic sites. SOS1 was epigenetically regulated by a super-enhancer identified by H3K27ac in AA patients. Knockout of the super-enhancer by CRISPR in AA cell lines significantly reduced SOS1 expression. Furthermore, SOS1 was posttranscriptionally regulated by miR-483 whose expression is reduced in AA patients through histone trimethylation (H3K27me3) on its promoter. The natural compound, taxifolin, suppressed signaling transduction of SOS1 by blocking the interaction between SOS1 and Grb2, suggesting a potential utility of this compound as a therapeutic agent for AA patients with breast cancer.

Significance:

These findings elucidate the signaling network of SOS1-mediated metastasis in African-American patients, from the epigenetic upregulation of SOS1 to the identification of taxifolin as a potential therapeutic strategy against SOS1-driven tumor progression.
A Critical Role for Fas-Mediated Off-Target Tumor Killing in T-cell Immunotherapy
Authors: Upadhyay Ranjan , Boiarsky Jonathan A. , Pantsulaia Gvantsa , Svensson-Arvelund Judit , Lin Matthew J. , Wroblewska Aleksandra , Bhalla Sherry , Scholler Nathalie , Bot Adrian , Rossi John M. , Sadek Norah , Parekh Samir , Lagana Alessandro , Baccarini Alessia , Merad Miriam , Brown Brian D. , Brody Joshua D.
Published: January 2021

T cell–based therapies have induced cancer remissions, though most tumors ultimately progress, reflecting inherent or acquired resistance including antigen escape. Better understanding of how T cells eliminate tumors will help decipher resistance mechanisms. We used a CRISPR/Cas9 screen and identified a necessary role for Fas–FasL in antigen-specific T-cell killing. We also found that Fas–FasL mediated off-target “bystander” killing of antigen-negative tumor cells. This localized bystander cytotoxicity enhanced clearance of antigen-heterogeneous tumors in vivo, a finding that has not been shown previously. Fas-mediated on-target and bystander killing was reproduced in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) and bispecific antibody T-cell models and was augmented by inhibiting regulators of Fas signaling. Tumoral FAS expression alone predicted survival of CAR-T–treated patients in a large clinical trial (NCT02348216). These data suggest strategies to prevent immune escape by targeting both the antigen expression of most tumor cells and the geography of antigen-loss variants.

Significance:

This study demonstrates the first report of in vivo Fas-dependent bystander killing of antigen-negative tumors by T cells, a phenomenon that may be contributing to the high response rates of antigen-directed immunotherapies despite tumoral heterogeneity. Small molecules that target the Fas pathway may potentiate this mechanism to prevent cancer relapse.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 521
Posterior Uveal Effusion after Cataract Surgery
Authors: Abaza Annegret , Dikmetas Özlem , Neuhann Irmingard , Gelisken Faik
Published: January 2021

We report a case of posterior uveal effusion (UE) with a long-term follow-up that has occurred following cataract surgery. A 64-year-old woman presented with diminished vision of the right eye (RE) 3 weeks after an uneventful phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. Complete ophthalmic examination including fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), echography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the RE was 20/50. Anterior segment and intraocular pressure were unremarkable. OCT revealed prominent folds of the choroid and retina, subretinal fluid and darkening of the choroid with reduced visibility of the choroidal vessels and the scleral border. The left eye (LE) was unremarkable. BCVA of the LE was: 20/20. After topical anti-inflammatory and systemic corticosteroid therapy for 5 months, no morphological change of the macula was seen. The patient was observed without any treatment. Forty-three months after the cataract surgery and 38 months after cessation of the corticosteroid therapy, OCT revealed a normal macular morphology and the BCVA improved to 20/25. Even though rare, UE at the posterior pole may occur after modern cataract surgery. OCT examination is a reliable tool in monitoring the macular morphology. Since morphological and functional improvement can be seen in long-term, observation may be considered for some cases of posterior UE with resistance to the therapy.
The Clinical Impact of Rockall and Glasgow-Blatchford Scores in Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Maia Susana , Falcão Daniela , Silva Joana , Pedroto Isabel
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Risk stratification in patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) is crucial for proper management. Rockall score (RS; pre-endoscopic and complete) and Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS) are some of the most used scoring systems. This study aims to analyze these scores’ ability to predict various clinical outcomes and possible cutoff points to identify low- and high-risk patients. Secondarily, this study intents to evaluate the appropriateness of patients’ transfers to our facility, which provides a specialized emergency endoscopy service. Methods: This study was retrospectively conducted at Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto and included patients admitted to the Emergency Department with acute manifestations of NVUGIB between January 2016 and December 2018. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and corresponding areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated. Transferred patients from other institutions and nontransferred (directly admitted to this institution) patients were also compared. Results: Of a total of 420 patients, 23 (5.9%) died, 34 (8.4%) rebled, 217 (51.7%) received blood transfusion, 153 (36.3%) received endoscopic therapy, 22 (5.7%) had surgery, and 171 (42.3%) required hospitalization in the Intermediate or Intensive Care Unit. Regarding mortality prediction, both complete RS (AUC 0.756, p < 0.001) and pre-endoscopic RS (AUC 0.711, p = 0.001) showed good performance. In the prediction of rebleeding, only complete RS (AUC 0.735, p < 0.001) had discriminative ability. GBS had good performance in the prediction of transfusion (AUC 0.785, p < 0.001). No score showed discriminative capability in the prediction of other outcomes. Transferred and nontransferred patients had similar pre-endoscopic RS (3.41 vs. 3.34, p = 0.692) and GBS (13.29 vs. 12.29, p = 0.056). Only patients with GBS ≥6 were transferred to our facility. There were no adverse outcomes recorded in any group when GBS was ≤3. Discussion/Conclusion: Complete RS and pre-endoscopic RS are effective at predicting mortality, but only complete RS showed good performance at predicting rebleeding. GBS is better at predicting transfusion requirement. Our study suggests that a transfer can possibly be reconsidered if GBS is ≤3, although current recommendations only propose outpatient care when GBS is 0 or 1. Patients’ transfers were appropriate, considering the high GBS scores and the outcomes of these patients.
C3a and Its Receptor C3aR Are Detectable in Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes and Are Differentially Regulated via TLR3 and LL37
Authors: Mommert Susanne , Doenni Lisa , Szudybill Phillip , Zoeller Christoph , Beyer Frerk Hinnerk , Werfel Thomas
Published: January 2021

To study the molecular interplay between TLRs and complement representing ancient danger-sensing mechanisms, we examined the regulation of the C3a/anaphylatoxin C3a receptor (C3aR) axis in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) by treatment with different TLR ligands. Protein staining followed by flow cytometry revealed highly constitutive intracellular expression levels of the C3aR in NHEKs. Stimulation with Poly I:C up-regulated C3aR mRNA and intra- and extracellular expression in NHEKs which showed functional relevance by up-regulating CXCL10 and down-regulating C3 expression in response to C3a. mRNA and protein levels of C3 and protease cathepsin L (CTSL) that can cleave C3 were up-regulated by the TLR3 ligand Poly I:C. Enhanced intracellular expression levels of the biologically active C3 fragment (C3a), in response to TLR3 stimulation were also detectable in NHEKs. Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37 potentiated Poly I:C-induced C3aR, C3, and CTSL up-regulation. In conclusion, we point to a role of TLR3 to promote up-regulation of C3aR, C3, and CTSL expression levels and generation of C3a. Our data provide evidence that local generation and activation of complement components as described for T cells or myeloid cells represent a scenario which may take place in a similar way in NHEKs.
The Detection of Vancomycin in Sweat: A Next-Generation Digital Surrogate Marker for Antibiotic Tissue Penetration: A Pilot Study
Authors: Brasier Noé , Widmer Andreas , Osthoff Michael , Mutke Markus , De Ieso Fiorangelo , Brasier-Lutz Pascale , Brown Kitty , Yao Linxing , Broeckling Corey D. , Prenni Jessica , Eckstein Jens
Published: January 2021

Background: Assuring adequate antibiotic tissue concentrations at the point of infection, especially in skin and soft tissue infections, is pivotal for an effective treatment and cure. Despite the global issue, a reliable AB monitoring test is missing. Inadequate antibiotic treatment leads to the development of antimicrobial resistances and toxic side effects. β-lactam antibiotics were already detected in sweat of patients treated with the respective antibiotics intravenously before. With the emergence of smartphone-based biosensors to analyse sweat on the spot of need, next-generation molecular digital biomarkers will be increasingly available for a non-invasive pharmacotherapy monitoring. Objective: Here, we investigated if the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin is detectable in sweat samples of in-patients treated with intravenous vancomycin. Methods: Eccrine sweat samples were collected using the Macroduct Sweat Collector®. Along every sweat sample, a blood sample was taken. Bio-fluid analysis was performed by Ultra-high Pressure Liquid Chromatograph-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Results: A total of 5 patients were included. Results demonstrate that vancomycin was detected in 5 out of 5 sweat samples. Specifically, vancomycin concentrations ranged from 0.011 to 0.118 mg/L in sweat and from 4.7 to 8.5 mg/L in blood. Conclusion: Our results serve as proof-of-concept that vancomycin is detectable in eccrine sweat and may serve as a surrogate marker for antibiotic tissue penetration. A targeted vancomycin treatment is crucial in patients with repetitive need for antibiotics and a variable antibiotic distribution such as in peripheral artery disease to optimize treatment effectiveness. If combined with on-skin smartphone-based biosensors and smartphone applications, the detection of antibiotic concentrations in sweat might enable a first digital, on-spot, lab-independent and non-invasive therapeutic drug monitoring in skin and soft tissue infections.
Estudo compositivo com blocos retangulares e trapezoidais no sistema modular volumétrico
Authors: Teribele Alessandra , Salvador Giovanna Paiani
Published: January 2021

A arquitetura modular volumétrica é um sistema pré-fabricado que para construir edificações, une no terreno os módulos (unidades tridimensionais) com dimensões limitadas devido as restrições de transporte. Sendo produzidos na indústria, os módulos são padronizados, e dificultam alcançar variabilidade compositiva necessária para atender características ambientais específicas. Os sistemas modulares volumétricos consideram, geralmente, combinação de um tipo formal de módulo unindo-os lado a lado. Estudar combinações com módulos de tipos diferentes entre si pode contribuir para ampliar a variabilidade compositiva. Considerando o transporte e a junção em pontos pré-determinados é necessário adequar esses módulos dentro de coordenação dimensional definindo os locais onde essas unidades serão fixadas entre si, de modo a garantir a estabilidade estrutural do conjunto e a padronização. O objetivo é propor alternativas combinatórias entre módulos de tipos diferentes (retangular e trapezoidal) a partir de locais de conexão previamente determinados por coordenação dimensional. Contribui com a indústria da construção ao demonstrar variabilidade compositiva ao mesmo tempo em que considera a padronização dos módulos previamente planejados.
Ateliê digital integrado: segundo ano da experiência de ensino de projeto arquitetônico mediado por computador
Authors: Maciel Sergio Dias , Amorim Arivaldo Leão de , Checcucci Érica de Souza , Santos Kyane Bomfim
Published: January 2021

Esse artigo apresenta e discute os resultados alcançados no ano 2017 por alunos do Curso de Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal da Bahia, nas disciplinas Ateliê I (com alunos ingressantes) e Ateliê II (com alunos de segundo ano), que foram ministradas simultaneamente, compondo a disciplina Ateliê Digital Integrado. Esta atividade é desdobramento do Ateliê Digital (ARQ 016), realizado em 2016, quando foi ofertada a primeira turma desta disciplina para alunos de primeiro ano do curso tendo sido obtidos resultados muito signifi cativos. A proposta pedagógica desenvolvida partiu do pressuposto que o ensino da projetação arquitetônica em ambiente digital pode ser vantajoso desde as séries iniciais, e nesse caso, a oferta das duas turmas de Ateliê Digital (2016 e 2017) adotou a ampla utilização do computador como principal recurso para as pesquisas, desenvolvimento das atividades e a apresentação dos projetos. A metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem ativa buscou estimular o desenvolvimento da criatividade e a independência nos estudantes. Como resultado, foi verificado que o uso do computador potencializou a projetação, fazendo com que houvesse um tempo maior dedicado à discussão sobre a solução do problema arquitetônico, favorecendo o ensino e a aprendizagem. Ao final do Ateliê Digital Integrado (2017), os alunos demonstraram amadurecimento e autonomia na projetação, com propostas bem fundamentadas e bem desenvolvidas. O nível de desenvolvimento dos exercícios projetuais e a representação técnica foi compatível com as exigências do Ateliê I (estudo preliminar) e do Ateliê II (anteprojeto), sem quaisquer prejuízos à exploração da forma ou da criatividade. Este artigo apresenta os resultados, bem como questões relacionadas à operacionalização da atividade, integrando turmas de anos diferentes; discute algumas dificuldades encontradas no processo e como foram superadas, dentre outros aspectos. Com a discussão sobre esta prática inovadora e bem-sucedida, espera-se contribuir para acelerar a adoção de ferramentas computacionais no ensino de projeto em cursos de graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo.
Influence of aerobic fitness on the correspondence between heart rate variability and ventilatory threshold
Authors: Soares-Caldeira Lúcio Flávio , Silva Carla Cristiane da , Chierotti Priscila , Dias Nicolle de Souza , Nakamura Fábio Yuzo
Published: January 2021

The aims of this study were to verify the correspondence between heart rate variability (HRV) and ventilatory thresholds during a progressive exercise test and the relationship with low and high aerobic fitness levels. Twenty male volunteers (29.5±6.2 years; 75.9±13.0 kg; 175.0±7.4 cm) were recruited. The subjects were allocated to two groups according to their VO2max <48.8 ml•kg−1•min−1 (low cardiorespiratory fitness group) (n=10) and >48.81 ml•kg−1•min−1 (high cardiorespiratory fitness group) (n=10). A progressive test was performed, consisting of 3-min stages beginning at 25 watts and increasing by 25 watts every 3-min. The HRV threshold (HRVT) and ventilatory threshold (VT) analyses were performed through visual inspection. The comparisons with RMSSD values in percentage of maximum workload resulted in a higher effect size (ES) than the SDNN values. The VO2 in the high cardiorespiratory fitness group at VT (+32%), HRVTRMSSD (+27%), and HRVTSDNN (+31%) was signifi cantly higher compared to the group with low cardiorespiratory fitness. Higher values were observed for relative load (W•kg-1) at VT and HRVTSDNN in the high cardiorespiratory fitness group in comparison with the low cardiorespiratory fitness group (P<0.05), but no difference for VT and HRVTRMSSD. Signifi cant correlations between at VT and HRVTSDNN (r=0.77) were found only in the low cardiorespiratory fitness group. Cardiorespiratory fitness should be regarded as a factor for HRVT evaluation. The HRVTSDNN was closer to the VT in the low cardiorespiratory fitness group than the HRVTRMSSD, however, the use of vagal modulation assessed using the HRV parameter was more sensitive to observe possible differences regarding cardiorespiratory fitness.
Replicações da tese do dilema racial brasileiro no âmbito das investigações socioculturais sobre futebol no Brasil
Authors: Souza Juliano de , Marchi Júnior Wanderley
Published: January 2021

Nesse texto reunimos uma série de análises e discussões que evidenciam a constituição de uma “família intelectual” preponderante no campo dos estudos socioculturais do futebol no Brasil, a saber, aquela que, a par da tese do dilema racial brasileiro, concebeu essa prática esportiva como espaço em que negros e mestiços foram inseridos de forma ambígua e a partir do jugo de avaliações morais heterônomas. Para cumprir esse objetivo, revisitaremos inicialmente alguns aspectos da tese sociológica do dilema racial brasileiro e, na sequência, demonstraremos as replicações desta tese no âmbito das investigações socioculturais sobre futebol no Brasil. Por fi m, esboçaremos algumas críticas a essa linhagem no que tange, sobretudo, ao tratamento periférico conferido à variável classe. Em termos de conclusão, ressaltamos que a leitura racialista das relações de desigualdade no contexto futebolístico brasileiro ao se estruturar como resposta à tese da democracia racial, acabou subestimando a dimensão de classe, sendo necessário então um maior investimento científi co no sentido de melhor correlacionar essas duas variáveis nas explicações sociológicas sobre o futebol.
Influência de estímulos motivacionais no desempenho em testes de salto vertical de atletas de futsal sub-17
Authors: Vasconcelos Alan Bruno Silva , Farinon Renata Luiza , Perasol Danton Matheus , Santos José Marcos Melo dos , Freitas Victor Hugo de
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência de estímulos motivacionais (encorajamento verbal – EV e estímulo motivacional competitivo - EMC) sobre o desempenho de atletas de futsal em testes de salto vertical. Para isso, foram incluídos neste estudo treze jogadores, do sexo masculino, de uma equipe de futsal Sub-17, com idade média de 16,91 ± 1,08 anos, altura de 1,73 ± 4,12 cm e peso de 71,25 ± 12,35 kg. Estes jogadores foram submetidos aos testes squat jump (SJ) e countermovement jump (CMJ), executados sem estímulos motivacionais (SM) em um primeiro momento, e executados com estímulos motivacionais (CM) em um segundo momento, respeitando um intervalo de 10 minutos entre os momentos. OS principais resultados encontrados foram que os jogadores apresentaram maior desempenho tanto no SJ (SM 32,11 ± 4,95; CM 35,35 ± 4,04; P<0,01) quanto no CMJ (SM 34,76 ± 5,25; CM 36,51 ± 4,48; P=0,04) quando foram realizados estímulos motivacionais. Sendo assim, pode-se concluir que os estímulos motivacionais, sendo eles EV e EMC, ocasionaram melhora no desempenho em testes de SJ e CMJ em jovens jogadores de futsal.
Apoptotic Ablation of Platelets Reduces Atherosclerosis in Mice With Diabetes
Authors: Lee Man K.S. , Kraakman Michael J. , Dragoljevic Dragana , Hanssen Nordin M.J. , Flynn Michelle C. , Al-Sharea Annas , Sreejit Gopalkrishna , Bertuzzo-Veiga Camilla , Cooney Olivia D. , Baig Fatima , Morriss Elizabeth , Cooper Mark E. , Josefsson Emma C. , Kile Benjamin T. , Nagareddy Prabhakara R. , Murphy Andrew J.
Published: January 2021

Objective:

People with diabetes are at a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular disease, in part, due to accelerated atherosclerosis. Diabetic subjects have increased number of platelets that are activated, more reactive, and respond suboptimally to antiplatelet therapies. We hypothesized that reducing platelet numbers by inducing their premature apoptotic death would decrease atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results:

This was achieved by targeting the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-x
L
(B-cell lymphoma-extra large; which is essential for platelet viability) via distinct genetic and pharmacological approaches. In the former, we transplanted bone marrow from mice carrying the Tyr15 to Cys loss of function allele of Bcl-x (known as
Bcl-x

Plt20

) or wild-type littermate controls into atherosclerotic-prone
Ldlr
+/−
mice made diabetic with streptozotocin and fed a Western diet. Reduced Bcl-x
L
function in hematopoietic cells significantly decreased platelet numbers, exclusive of other hematologic changes. This led to a significant reduction in atherosclerotic lesion formation in
Bcl-x

Plt20

bone marrow transplanted
Ldlr
+/−
mice. To assess the potential therapeutic relevance of reducing platelets in atherosclerosis, we next targeted Bcl-x
L
with a pharmacological strategy. This was achieved by low-dose administration of the BH3 (B-cell lymphoma-2 homology domain 3) mimetic, ABT-737 triweekly, in diabetic
Apoe
−/−
mice for the final 6 weeks of a 12-week study. ABT-737 normalized platelet numbers along with platelet and leukocyte activation to that of nondiabetic controls, significantly reducing atherosclerosis while promoting a more stable plaque phenotype.

Conclusions:

These studies suggest that selectively reducing circulating platelets, by targeting Bcl-x
L
to promote platelet apoptosis, can reduce atherosclerosis and lower cardiovascular disease risk in diabetes.

Graphic Abstract:

A graphic abstract is available for this article.
Low miR‐19b‐1‐5p Expression Is Related to Aspirin Resistance and Major Adverse Cardio‐ Cerebrovascular Events in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Singh Sandeep , de Ronde Maurice W. J. , Creemers Esther E. , Van der Made Ingeborg , Meijering Roelien , Chan Mark Y. , Hwee Tan Sock , Tang Chin Chee , Mark Richards A. , Troughton Richard W. , Yean Yip Fong Alan , Yan Bryan P. , Pinto‐Sietsma Sara‐Joan
Published: January 2021

Background

Because of a nonresponse to aspirin (aspirin resistance), patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are at increased risk of developing recurrent event. The in vitro platelet function tests have potential limitations, making them unsuitable for the detection of aspirin resistance. We investigated whether miR‐19b‐1‐5p could be utilized as a biomarker for aspirin resistance and future major adverse cardio‐cerebrovascular (MACCE) events in patients with ACS.

Methods and Results

In this cohort study, patients with ACS were enrolled from multiple tertiary hospitals in Christchurch, Hong Kong, Sarawak, and Singapore between 2011 and 2015. MiR‐19b‐1‐5p expression was measured from buffy coat of patients with ACS (n=945) by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Platelet function was determined by Multiplate aggregometry testing. MACCE was collected over a mean follow‐up time of 1.01±0.43 years. Low miR‐19b‐1‐5p expression was found to be related to aspirin resistance as could be observed from sustained platelet aggregation in the presence of aspirin (‐Log‐miR‐19b‐1‐5p, [unstandardized beta, 44.50; 95% CI, 2.20–86.80;
P
<0.05]), even after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and prior history of stroke. Lower miR‐19b‐1‐5p expression was independently associated with a higher risk of MACCE (‐Log‐miR‐19b‐1‐5p, [hazard ratio, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23–2.80;
P
<0.05]). Furthermore, a significant interaction was noted between the inverse miR‐19b‐1‐5p expression and family history of premature coronary artery disease (
P
=0.01) on the risk of MACCE.

Conclusions

Lower miR‐19b‐1‐5p expression was found to be associated with sustained platelet aggregation on aspirin, and a higher risk of MACCE in patients with ACS. Therefore, miR‐19b‐1‐5p could be a suitable marker for aspirin resistance and might predict recurrence of MACCE in patients with ACS.
Structural Thickening of Medial Layer in Coronary Artery With Spasm in Patients With Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Nakamura Takamitsu , Horikoshi Takeo , Kugiyama Kiyotaka
Published: January 2021

Background

The underlying pathophysiology of coronary artery spasm (CAS) remains unclear. We aim to determine whether coronary artery medial layer thickness is associated with CAS using optical coherence tomography.

Methods and Results

A total of 50 patients with previous myocardial infarction underwent optical coherence tomography of the left anterior descending artery: 20 with CAS and 30 without CAS. Intimal and medial layer areas were measured by planimetric analysis of optical coherence tomography images. The medial area/external elastic membrane (EEM) area was significantly greater in patients with than without CAS (0.13±0.01 versus 0.09±0.01, respectively,
P
<0.01), whereas the intimal area/EEM area was similar in the 2 groups. In patients without CAS, the relationship of intimal area/EEM area with medial area/EEM area and coronary diameter response to intracoronary injection of acetylcholine was characterized by an inverted U‐shaped curve (
y
=−1.85
x
2
+0.81
x
+0.01,
R
2
=0.43,
P
<0.001) and a U‐shaped curve (
y
=2993.2
x
2
−1359.6
x
+117.1,
R
2
=0.53,
P
<0.001), respectively. Thus, the medial layer became thin and the contractile response became weak in coronary arteries with greater intimal area in the non‐CAS patients. In contrast, in patients with CAS, the intimal area/EEM area had no significant relationship with the medial area/EEM area in either linear correlation analysis or quadratic regression analysis. Thus, even when the intimal layer thickened, the medial layer did not thin in patients with CAS.

Conclusions

The structural thickness of the coronary medial layer was increased in patients with CAS, which may provide mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of CAS.

Registration

URL:
https://www.upload.umin.ac.jp
; Unique identifier: UMIN000018432.
Open Science—A Question of Trust
Authors: Clark Jonathan
Published: January 2021

Collaboration and the sharing of knowledge is at the heart of Open Science (OS). However, we need to know that the knowledge we find and share is really what it purports to be; and we need to know that the authors we hope to collaborate with are really the people they claim to be. In this paper, the author argues that a prerequisite for OS is trust and that persistent identifiers help to build that trust. The persistent identifier systems must themselves be trustworthy and they must be able to connect the user or their machine to the information they need now and into the future. Infrastructure is rather like plumbing: It goes unnoticed and unappreciated until it fails. This paper puts infrastructure for persistent identifiers in the spotlight as a core component of OS.
Analysis and Evolution of European Case Law on Conscientious Objections in Healthcare: Grimmark v. Sweden and Steen v. Sweden
Authors: Salinas Mengual Jorge
Published: January 2021

Conscientious objection is a fundamental right recognized in various national and international texts and is generally linked to the religious beliefs of the people who invoke it. In this article, an analysis is made of the content of this fundamental right at the level of comparative and European human right law, as well as a study of how it has evolved over the years in the judgments issued by the European Court of Human Rights. An analysis of the decisions in Grimmark v. Sweden and Steen v. Sweden particularly, allow us to establish a change of trend in the European jurisprudence that shifts from more Europeanist positions to other more national ones, based on the notion of the margin of appreciation.
First record of the genus Aneuclis Förster (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from China
Authors: WEI YA-WEI , ZHOU YONG-BIN , SHENG MAO-LING
Published: January 2021

A new species of the genus Aneuclis Förster, 1869, A. flavopedes Sheng, Zhou & Wei, sp.nov. collected from the field of the Research Station of Liaohe-River Plain Forest Ecosystem, Zhangwu, Liaoning Province, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is inserted into the key provided by Khalaim (2004).
Types of Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited at the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule in Zürich
Authors: ROSA PAOLO , GREEFF MICHAEL
Published: January 2021

A catalogue of the chrysidid type specimens housed at the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule in Zürich with revision and discussion of their status is presented. Selected images of the primary types are given. The new replacement name Chrysis robertsi Rosa nom. nov. pro Chrysis viridicyanea Linsenmaier, 1959, nec Giebel, 1862 is given. Ellampus subauratus Mocsáry, 1890 spec. resurr. is restored from the previous synonymy with Philoctetes sareptanus (Mocsáry, 1889). The new synonymy Ellampus schulthessi subauratus Mocsáry, 1890 = E. conifer Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932 syn. nov. is proposed.
Taxonomic changes resulting from a review of the types of Australian Anoplognathini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) housed in Swedish natural history collections
Authors: SEIDEL MATTHIAS , REID CHRIS A.M.
Published: January 2021

The type material of Australian Anoplognathini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) housed in Swedish natural history collections is reviewed, concerning three genera: Anoplognathus Leach, 1815, Amblyterus MacLeay, 1819, and Repsimus MacLeay, 1819. The species were described by G.J. Billberg, J.W. Dalman, L. Gyllenhal, C.J. Schönherr, O. Swartz, and C.P. Thunberg. The contemporary type material of W.S. MacLeay in the Macleay Museum, Sydney, is also examined as it has been overlooked by previous researchers. In total, type specimens for 12 species described between 1817 and 1822 were found in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet in Stockholm the Evolutionsmuseet in Uppsala and the Macleay Museum. Five of these species are valid: Anoplognathus brunnipennis, (Gyllenhal, 1817); A. olivieri (Schönherr & Dalman, 1817); A. porosus (Dalman, 1817); Amblyterus cicatricosus (Gyllenhal, 1817); and Repsimus manicatus (Swartz, 1817). The other seven species are junior synonyms, as follows (senior synonym first): A. brunnipennis = Rutela chloropyga Thunberg, 1822 (new synonym); A. olivieri = Rutela lacunosa Thunberg, 1822 (new synonym); A. viridiaeneus (Donovan, 1805) = A. latreillei (Schönherr & Gyllenhal, 1817); A. viriditarsus Leach, 1815 = Rutela analis Dalman, 1817; and R. manicatus = Anoplognathus brownii W.J. MacLeay, 1819 = A. dytiscoides W. J. MacLeay, 1819 = Rutela ruficollis Thunberg, 1822 (new synonym). Authorship of A. latreillei and A. olivieri is corrected, as noted above. Anoplognathus brunnipennis has been misidentified for the last 60 years at least, leading to the synonymy noted above. Anoplognathus flavipennis Boisduval, 1835 (revised status), is reinstated as the oldest available name for the misidentified A. brunnipennis and the types of A. flavipennis in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, are illustrated. Lectotypes are designated for: Anoplognathus brownii, A. flavipennis, A. dytiscoides, Melolontha cicatricosa, Rutela analis, R. brunnipennis, R. lacunosa, R. latreillei, R. manicata, R. olivieri, R. porosa, R. ruficollis, and R. chloropyga. Photographs of all type specimens examined are presented for the first time.
Two new species of the genus Dasongius (Myriapoda, Pauropoda, Pauropodidae) from China
Authors: BU YUN
Published: January 2021

Two new species of the family Pauropodidae: Dasongius liupanensis sp. n. and D. spatulatus sp. n. are described from China. Both of them have non-furcate setae on the collum segment, long setae p and q on the antennae, 6+6 setae on tergite II, furcate setae on the coxa, cylindrical setae on the trochanter of leg 9, and two appendages on the anal plate; these features are distinct from other congeners. The new species can be distinguished by the shape of the tergum of the pygidium, shape of the anal plate, as well as the shape of setae a1, a2, st and b1 on the pygidium. In addition, all species of the genus Dasongius are compared in detail.