bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison between swinging and playing of white noise among colicky babies: A paired randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sezici Emel , Yigit Deniz
Published: June 2017

Aims and objective

This study aimed to compare the effects of swinging and playing of white noise on the crying and sleeping durations of colicky babies.

Background

Infantile colic (IC) is one of the most common reasons for doctor visits among babies younger than 3 months. One of five babies older than 3 months also experiences IC. IC, unlike gastrointestinal problems, is regarded as an individual differentiation and maturation of the central nervous system. Providing a warm bath, breastfeeding, swinging and playing of white noise are nonpharmacological methods. The efficiency of these methods has been proven by various studies independently of one another.

Design

The study is a prospective, multicentre, paired randomised controlled trial.

Methods

The study was conducted between April–December 2016. The study sample consisted of 40 1‐month‐old babies with gas pains who passed a hearing screening and their mothers. The total daily crying and sleeping durations of the babies were determined without any intervention on the first week. On the second week, 20 randomly selected babies (first group) were swung each time they cried, and on the third week, they were made to listen to white noise. The other 20 babies (second group) were made to listen to white noise on the second week and were swung on the third week. Swinging and playing of white noise were performed until the babies stopped crying. After every intervention, the total crying and sleeping durations of the babies were evaluated using a “Colicky Baby's Diary.”

Results

Playing of white noise significantly decreased the daily crying durations (p < .05) and increased the sleeping durations of the colicky babies (p < .05) compared to swinging in both groups.

Conclusion

Playing of white noise was found to be a more effective nonpharmacological method on crying and sleeping durations of colicky babies than swinging.

Relevance to clinical practice

Playing of white noise may be helpful for parents and healthcare personnel in reducing the gas pains of babies.
Identification and antifungal activity analysis of two biocontrol antagonists to Colletotrichum musae
Authors: Shu Canwei , Chen Qiguang , Pi Lei , Zhang Detao , Panhwar Qurban Ali , Zhou Erxun
Published: June 2017

Postharvest anthracnose of banana caused by Colletotrichum musae is one of the major diseases resulting in huge economic losses worldwide. To control this disease using biocontrol agents, two antagonistic strains SD7 and NB20 with significant inhibitory effects on mycelial growth and conidial germination of C. musae were identified and evaluated in this study. The inhibitory effects of cell‐free culture filtrates of SD7 and NB20 on conidial germination of C. musae were both 100%, and those on mycelial growth of C. musae were 97.7 ± 0.9% and 95.0 ± 0.6%, respectively. The antifungal activities of cell‐free culture filtrates of both strains were still stable after they were stored at 4°C for 6 months. The control efficacies of cell‐free culture filtrates of SD7 and NB20 on postharvest anthracnose of banana were 55.9 ± 4.1% and 33.2 ± 3.9%, respectively. The disease severity (mean scale value) in banana fruit fingers was significantly lower after the treatment with a cultural suspension of the bacterial strain SD7 (1.4 ± 0.49) or actinomycete strain NB20 (2.0 ± 0.63), compared to that in the control (4.8 ± 0.40). After subculturing for 10 generations, the antifungal efficiency of NB20 remained stable, whereas that of strain SD7 declined obviously. Lastly, based on the morphological, physio‐biochemical and molecular characteristics, the bacterial strain SD7 was identified as Burkholderia cepacia, while the actinomycete strain NB20 was identified as Streptomyces katrae. The results from this study will provide the basis for developing an effective and novel biofungicide to control banana anthracnose disease.
Writing and writer identity: the poor relation and the search for voice in ‘personal literacy’
Authors: Gardner Paul
Published: June 2017

The teaching of writing has been a relatively neglected aspect of research in literacy. Cultural and socio‐economic reasons for this are suggested. In addition, teachers often readily acknowledge themselves as readers, but rarely as writers. Without a solid grasp of compositional processes, teachers are perhaps prone to adopt schemes that promote mechanistic writing approaches, which are reinforced by top‐down discourses of literacy. This ‘schooling literacy’ is often at odds with children's lives and their narratives of social being. After discussing theories of writing, tensions between ‘schooling literacy’ and ‘personal literacy’ are debated. It is suggested that the disjuncture of the two exposes gaps that provide teachers with spaces in which to construct a writing curriculum embedded in children's language and funds of knowledge. The elevation of this ‘personal literacy’ is viewed as an imperative to enhance children's identities as writers, as well as their engagement with writing.
When will the Internet be connected? Digital worlds and belonging in the lives of globally mobile children
Authors: Hannaford Jeanette , Beavis Catherine
Published: June 2017

Increasing numbers of children are caught up in global flows of moving peoples. This movement may be voluntary or forced and is experienced within a range of settings. Coming from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds, and moving around the world due to their parents' employment, the children found in traditional International Schools are a case in point. This paper focuses on the experiences of two sisters in the first year of their family's global relocation. In the midst of change, the digital world Club Penguin™ offered these two globally mobile children a familiar and welcome site of continuity and belonging. This exploration of the role of digital worlds and digital literacies in these girls' experience contributes to an understanding of connections between global movement and digital literacy practices. Greater awareness of the significance of digital literacies in globally mobile children's lives provides fresh insights into how children participate in digital spaces and has implications for literacy educators supporting young people in contemporary times.
The patient buddy app can potentially prevent hepatic encephalopathy‐related readmissions
Authors: Ganapathy Dinesh , Acharya Chathur , Lachar Jatinder , Patidar Kavish , Sterling Richard K. , White Melanie B. , Ignudo Catherine , Bommidi Swamy , DeSoto John , Thacker Leroy R. , Matherly Scott , Shaw Jawaid , Siddiqui Mohammad S. , Puri Puneet , Sanyal Arun J. , Luketic Velimir , Lee Hannah , Stravitz Richard T. , Bajaj Jasmohan S.
Published: June 2017

Background & Aims

Readmissions are a major burden in cirrhosis. A proportion of readmissions in cirrhosis, especially because of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) could be avoided through patient and caregiver engagement. We aimed to define the feasibility of using the Patient Buddy App and its impact on 30‐day readmissions by engaging and educating cirrhotic inpatients and caregivers in a pilot study.

Methods

Cirrhotic inpatients with caregivers were enrolled and followed for 30 days post‐discharge. On separately assigned devices loaded with Patient Buddy, they were trained on entering medication adherence, daily sodium intake and weights, and weekly cognitive (EncephalApp_Stroop) and fall‐risk assessment and were educated regarding cirrhosis‐related symptoms. These were monitored daily through a Patient Buddy loaded iPad by the clinical team. The App sent automatic alerts between patient/caregivers and clinical team regarding adherence and critical values. At 30 days, total, and HE‐related admissions were analysed as well as the feasibility and feedback regarding educational values.

Results

Forty patients and 40 caregivers were enrolled. Seventeen patients were readmitted within 30‐days but none for HE. Eight potential HE‐related readmissions were prevented through App‐generated alerts that encouraged early outpatient interventions. Caregivers and patients were concordant in data entry but six did not complete data entries. Most respondents rated the App favourably for its educational value.

Conclusions

In this proof‐of‐concept trial, the use of Patient Buddy is feasible in recently discharged patients with cirrhosis and their caregivers. Eight HE‐related readmissions were potentially avoided after the use of the App.
Hoocąk and otherSiouan languages: A typological overview
Authors: Helmbrecht Johannes
Published: June 2017

This paper provides a typological overview of Hoocąk, a North American Indian language. Attention is focused on the encoding of grammatical relations, a domain where Hoocąk diverges from more familiar European languages in several respects. In particular, Hoocąk is a head‐marking language and belongs to the active/inactive type. This has important consequences for the way in which information is rendered morphosyntactically in the language. Information on related Siouan languages is also provided in order to show that Hoocąk shares a number of properties with several neighboring languages.
Not a barrier but a key: How bacteriophages exploit host's O‐antigen as an essential receptor to initiate infection
Authors: Broeker Nina K. , Barbirz Stefanie
Published: June 2017

Tailed bacteriophages specific for Gram‐negative bacteria encounter lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during the first infection steps. Yet, it is not well understood how biochemistry of these initial interactions relates to subsequent events that orchestrate phage adsorption and tail rearrangements to initiate cell entry. For many phages, long O‐antigen chains found on the LPS of smooth bacterial strains serve as essential receptor recognized by their tailspike proteins (TSP). Many TSP are depolymerases and O‐antigen cleavage was described as necessary step for subsequent orientation towards a secondary receptor. However, O‐antigen specific host attachment must not always come along with O‐antigen degradation. In this issue of Molecular Microbiology Prokhorov et al. report that coliphage G7C carries a TSP that deacetylates O‐antigen but does not degrade it, whereas rough strains or strains lacking O‐antigen acetylation remain unaffected. Bacteriophage G7C specifically functionalizes its tail by attaching the deacetylase TSP directly to a second TSP that is nonfunctional on the host's O‐antigen. This challenges the view that bacteriophages use their TSP only to clear their way to a secondary receptor. Rather, O‐antigen specific phages may employ enzymatically active TSP as a tool for irreversible LPS membrane binding to initiate subsequent infection steps.
Telephone nursing in Sweden: A narrative literature review
Authors: Kaminsky Elenor , Röing Marta , Björkman Annica , Holmström Inger K.
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Telephone nursing services are expanding globally. Swedish Healthcare Direct is the largest healthcare provider in Sweden. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of telephone nursing, as reflected by research on Swedish national telephone nursing, and discusses the findings in relation to international literature. A descriptive, mixed‐studies literature review was conducted. Twenty‐four articles from January 2003 to April 2015 were identified from PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL, and included. The issues explored in this study are how telephone nursing is perceived by callers, telephone nurses, and managers, and what characterizes such calls. Callers value reassurance, support, respect and satisfaction and involvement in decisions can increase their adherence. The telephone nurses' perspective focused on problems and ethical dilemmas, communication, the decision support tool, and working tasks. The managers' perspective focused on nursing work goals and malpractice claims. Concerning call characteristics, authentic calls, incident reports, and threats to patient safety were considered. Telephone nursing seems safe, but gender can play a role in calls. Future research on caller access, equity, and efficiency, healthcare cost‐effectiveness, distribution, and patient safety is needed.
Photooxidation of phytochemicals in food and control: a review
Authors: Lu Baiyi , Zhao Yajing
Published: June 2017

Phytochemicals are widely present in food and have been confirmed to be bioactive, thereby contributing to human health. However, some phytochemicals are sensitive to light owing to their structures and may suffer from photodegradation, especially when sensitizers exist, resulting in sensory quality change, nutrient loss in food, and even the formation of toxic compounds. The photooxidation of phytochemicals occurs through three different mechanisms: (1) by directly absorbing luminous energy, (2) with triplet‐excited state sensitizers through electron transfer or proton transfer (type I photooxidation), and (3) with singlet oxygen produced by O2 (type II photooxidation). On the basis of these mechanisms, adequate antioxidants can be added to quench the triple‐excited state sensitizers or singlet oxygen to protect against the photooxidation of phytochemicals in food. Here, we summarize and discuss the possible pathways and products of the photooxidation of phytochemicals that have been reported and the relationships between structures and photooxidation. We also propose some control measures, with special attention paid to the potential abilities of phytochemicals in the prevention of food photooxidation.
Cell‐specific diversity in the expression and organization of cytoplasmic plaque proteins of apical junctions
Authors: Vasileva Ekaterina , Sluysmans Sophie , Bochaton‐Piallat Marie‐Luce , Citi Sandra
Published: June 2017

Tight and adherens junctions play critical roles in the barrier, adhesion, and signaling functions of epithelial and endothelial cells. How the molecular organization of these junctions is tuned to the widely diverse physiological requirements of each tissue type is not well understood. Here, we address this question by examining the expression, localization, and interactions of major cytoplasmic plaque proteins of tight and adherens junctions in different cultured epithelial and endothelial cell lines. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analyses show that the expression profiles of cingulin, paracingulin, ZO‐1, ZO‐2, ZO‐3, PLEKHA7, afadin, PDZD11, p120‐catenin, and α‐catenin, as well as the transmembrane junctional proteins occludin, E‐cadherin, and VE‐cadherin, are significantly diverse when comparing kidney cells (MDCK, mCCD), keratinocytes (HaCaT), lung carcinoma (A427, A549), and endothelium‐derived cells (bEnd.3, meEC, H5V). Proximity ligation and co‐immunoprecipitation assays show that PLEKHA7 and PDZD11 are significantly more associated with the tight junction proteins cingulin and ZO‐1 in aortic endothelium–derived (meEC) cells but not kidney collecting duct epithelial (mCCD) cells. These results provide evidence that the cytoplasmic plaques of tight and adherens junctions are diverse in their composition and molecular architecture and establish a conceptual framework by which we can rationally address the mechanisms of tissue‐dependent junction physiology and signaling by cytoplasmic junctional proteins.
‘Acquired’ concrescence causing surgical complications – a report of two cases
Authors: Dargue A.
Published: June 2017

Concrescence is a rare odontogenic anomaly. It is defined as the roots of teeth being united by cementum only. Two types of concrescence have been suggested: ‘true’ concrescence, which forms during tooth development, and ‘acquired’ concrescence, which is due to hypercementosis associated with chronic inflammation. This article presents two unsuspected cases of acquired concrescence, the first involving the roots of the upper second and third molars and the second case involving the roots of the lower second and third molars. The current literature is reviewed along with a discussion of the aetiology, typical presentation, diagnostic techniques and possible complications of this condition.
Ultra‐low radiation dose during electrophysiology procedures using optimized new generation fluoroscopy technology
Authors: Crowhurst James , Haqqani Haris , Wright Daniel , Whitby Mark , Lee Adam , Betts John , Denman Russell
Published: June 2017

Background

Electrophysiology procedures require fluoroscopic guidance, with the associated potentially adverse effects of ionizing radiation. Newer fluoroscopy systems have more features that enable dose‐reduction strategies. This study aimed to investigate any reduction in radiation dose between an older fluoroscopy system (Philips Integris H5000, Philips Healthcare, Einhoven, Netherlands) and one of the latest systems (Siemens Artis Q, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany), optimized with dose‐reduction strategies.

Methods

Radiation dose measures were collected over a 2‐year period in a single electrophysiology laboratory. Procedures were separated into seven groups: devices, biventricular devices, electrophysiology studies, standard radiofrequency ablation, complex atrial ablation, ablation for ventricular arrhythmias, and pulmonary vein isolation. In the first year, an older fluoroscopy system was used, and in the second year, a new system, with dose reduction strategies. Comparisons were also made to the literature with regard to radiation dose levels.

Results

Patient characteristics, fluoroscopy times, number of digital acquisitions, procedural times, and procedural success were largely similar between the old and new system across procedure groups. Overall dose area product (DAP) was reduced by 91% (5.0 [2.0–17.0] to 0.45 [0.16–2.61] Gycm2 [P > 0.001]) with the new system and was lower across all groups. DAP readings with the new system are some of the lowest published in the literature in all groups.

Conclusion

An optimized contemporary digital fluoroscopy system, with low radiation dose configuration and continued good procedural practice, can result in ultra‐low radiation levels for all electrophysiology procedures, without compromising procedural time or procedural success.
Can Reconciliation Be Compelled? Transnational Advocacy and the Indigenous–Canada Relationship
Authors: Nagy Rosemary
Published: June 2017

Through an examination of transnational advocacy and the Indigenous–Canada relationship, this article advances a compliance model of reconciliation to suggest that reconciliation might be compelled through pressure upon states to comply with their human rights obligations. Drawing upon constructivism, conflict resolution theory, and social psychology, the article proposes that compliance and reconciliation converge as a result of behavioral adjustment and the internalization of values through enforced performance. The article uses four examples for illustration: (1) challenges at the UN Human Rights Committee against gender discrimination in the Indian Act, (2) Canada's belated endorsement in 2010 of the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, (3) insider–outsider pressure that Canada comply with its human rights obligations with respect to its missing and murdered indigenous women and girls, and (4) the Hul'qumi'num Treaty Group's land claim petition before the Inter‐American Commission for Human Rights. The article concludes that transnational advocacy in the Indigenous–Canada context has had slight to moderate effect in making reconciliation happen.
Editor's Introduction: Peace Activism in School
Authors: Graham Gael
Published: June 2017

In his recent book, Peace in World History, historian Peter N. Stearns concludes his sweeping history of peacemaking efforts by conceding the fragility of peace, but he adds that “we are better off having peace in our active political vocabulary” than not. The three articles compiled for this forum all examine U.S. peace activism during and following the Vietnam War, and they demonstrate vividly the challenges peace advocates faced in that era, the different ways they identified assaults on peace, and the broad “activist scripts” that they brought to their struggles. Read together, they suggest both avenues and obstacles for those promoting peace and change in the Vietnam era as well as today.
From Play to Peril: A Historical Examination of Media Coverage of Accidental Shootings Involving Children*
Authors: Carlson Jennifer , Cobb Jessica
Published: June 2017

Objectives

To examine how firearms‐related incidents are defined as social problems versus personal tragedies. This is achieved by examining a case of gun violence where the actors immediately involved are apparently blameless: child‐involved accidental firearms deaths and injuries. Specifically, we examine changing narratives of these incidents from the mid‐19th century to the present.

Methods

A database of 314 New York Times articles on child‐involved accidental shootings from the mid‐1800s to the present day was compiled and analyzed using Atlas.ti.

Results

Our content analysis shows that despite declining prevalence and coverage over time, these incidents were increasingly framed as social problems through narratives of criminalization and responsibilization. These discursive frameworks differ in how they allocate blame and advance appropriate social responses to child‐involved shootings. First, “criminalization” involves a police response to both the child shooter and, especially after the 1911 promulgation of New York's Sullivan Act requiring a license for concealable firearms, to adult custodians. Second, “responsibilization” allocates responsibility for the proper management of guns to adults at home (since the 1970s) as well as to society at large (since the 1980s) within a discourse that frames child‐involved accidental shootings as indicative of broader social disorder.

Conclusions

Narratives of child‐involved shootings reflect a broader social transformation of accidents into public problems that occurred in the 20th century. As such, the results provide insight into both the contemporary gun debate and the moral valuation of children.
The Socialization of Conflict and Its Limits: Gender and Gun Politics in America*
Authors: Goss Kristin A.
Published: June 2017

Objective

This study considers efforts by gun rights and gun regulation groups to socialize the conflict over firearms policy by engaging a coveted issue public—women. I assess whether gun rights groups have succeeded in weakening women's support for gun control laws and increasing women's firearms ownership. I also examine whether gun regulation groups have succeeded in mobilizing their female sympathizers for political action.

Methods

Drawing on two survey archives spanning several decades, I use descriptive statistics and logistic regression to analyze the relationship between women and guns over time.

Results

Gun rights groups have had little success in persuading women to become “pro‐gun” in attitudes or behaviors. Gun regulation groups have mobilized their female sympathizers but not enough to offset the political engagement of pro‐gun men.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that civic identities, organizational capacities, and countervailing pressures constrain efforts to socialize conflict through persuasion and mobilization.
Planting in Fertile Soil: The National Rifle Association and State Firearms Legislation*
Authors: Reich Gary , Barth Jay
Published: June 2017

Objective

Are increases in citizen demand for guns a boon to advocates of firearms deregulation? We examine this question via state firearms legislation approved between 2009 and 2013, a period marked both by state activism regarding firearms and large surges in the demand for guns in response to Barack Obama's two presidential elections.

Methods

We conduct a multivariate analysis of an original data set of state firearms laws approved between 2009 and 2013. We measure directional shifts in the tenor of firearms legislation across 49 states, controlling for both demographic and political variables.

Result

During this period, deregulation of firearms was associated with more ideologically conservative state legislatures as well as the interaction between Obama‐induced surges in gun sales and increased National Rifle Association state campaign spending.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that increased citizen demand for firearms provides a legislative climate that is advantageous for groups advocating the deregulation of firearms.
The Role of Interest Groups and Group Interests on Gun Legislation in the U.S. House*
Authors: Richards Robert
Published: June 2017

Objective

I examine the differential effects on legislative behavior of organized and unorganized subgroups related to gun policy.

Methods

Using various data sources on campaign contributions, voter characteristics, and legislative behaviors, I estimate logit models of the decision to co‐sponsor or vote for gun bills in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Results

Both interest group contributions and the percentage of hunters in a district are independently predictive of legislative behavior, above and beyond district ideology and party affiliation. These findings are robust and substantively meaningful.

Conclusions

Those involved in the politics surrounding gun policy should take into account the difference between the influence of organized interests like the National Rifle Association (NRA) and the unorganized interests of voter subgroups.
Phylogeny and historical biogeography of silky lacewings (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae)
Authors: BAKKES DEON K. , MANSELL MERVYN W. , SOLE CATHERINE L.
Published: June 2017

Psychopsidae (silky winged lacewings) are a small family of Neuroptera characterized by broad hirsute wings that impart a physical resemblance to moths. The fossil record includes many psychopsid‐like taxa from the Late Triassic to Early Oligocene from all major continents. Extant species have a disjunct, tripartite distribution comprising Afrotropical, Southeast Asian and Australian regions that is significant to historical biogeography. Two subfamilies are currently recognized: Zygophlebiinae in the Afrotropics, and Psychopsinae in Australia and Southeast Asia. This study explores phylogeny and historical biogeography of Psychopsidae, using data from biogeography, comparative morphology and molecular sequences (16S, 18S, CAD, COI). Our results show that: (i) the morphological phylogeny is incongruent with molecular data; (ii) Afrotropical Silveira Navás represent a separate lineage that warrants placement in its own subfamily; (iii) the family originated in Pangea; and (iv) the present genus level distribution resulted from two vicariance events associated with Gondwanan fragmentation.
Parasites, ghosts and mutualists: a relational geography of microbes for global health
Authors: Lorimer Jamie
Published: June 2017

Scientific research on the microbiome offers an ecological model of the human, comprised of myriad forms of microbial life. The composition and dynamics of this human microbiome are increasingly implicated in discussions of health. Attention has focused on missing microbes and their links to a range of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Pathological dysbiosis is understood to result from both the excessive presence and the absence of microbes. Microbial declines have been indexed to modern hygiene and healthcare practices and there is a growing interest in the therapeutic use of beneficial microbes. This reappraisal of the salutary potential of microbes challenges the negative associations prevalent in health geography and the field of global health. This paper develops relational and multispecies approaches to health geography to examine situations of microbial excess, absence and controlled reintroduction. The analysis focuses on human relations with hookworms. Hookworms are animal members of the microbiome. They co‐evolved with humans, live in us and are understood to manage the human microbiome to enable immunological tolerance. Both the excessive presence and the absence of hookworms can be pathological. They are currently the subjects of concurrent, but spatially discrete, programmes to deworm and reworm a variegated world. Focusing on this seeming spatial paradox, the analysis examines three types of human–hookworm relation: the parasite, the ghost and the mutualist. The conclusion reflects on the implications of this analysis for the human and nonhuman subjects of global health and the microbiopolitics of prevalent forms of antibiotic and probiotic healthcare.
Assessing the impact of perioperative blood transfusions on the survival of adults undergoing cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for appendiceal carcinomatosis
Authors: Owusu‐Agyemang P. , Zavala A. M. , Williams U. U. , Van Meter A. , Soliz J. , Kapoor R. , Shah A. , Hernandez M. , Gottumukkala V. , Cata J. P.
Published: June 2017

Background and Objectives

Perioperative red blood cell transfusions (PBT) may be associated with worse survival. In this study of adults undergoing cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS‐HIPEC), we investigated whether there was an association between PBT and survival.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective study of adults who had undergone CRS‐HIPEC for appendiceal carcinomatosis was conducted. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with survival.

Results

Of the 270 patients analysed, 170 (63%) received PBT. A PBT was not significantly associated with recurrence‐free survival (RFS) (HR = 1·03; 95% CI: 0·7–1·51; P = 0·879) or overall survival (OS) (HR = 0·65; 95% CI: 0·38–1·11; P = 0·116). Higher number of PBT units (≥5) was not associated with worse RFS (P = 0·077) or OS (P = 0·079). Independent predictors of poor survival included as follows: estimated blood loss and high tumour grade for RFS (both P < 0·001), and male gender (P = 0·029) and high tumour grade (P < 0·001) for OS. Higher preoperative haemoglobin was independently associated with better RFS (P = 0·011) and OS (P = 0·006).

Conclusions

In this retrospective study of adults who had undergone CRS‐HIPEC for appendiceal carcinomatosis, PBT was not significantly associated with survival.
Basilio di Cesarea e la sua attenzione alla relazione (σχέσις) nella contesa trinitaria con Eunomio
Authors: Vigorelli Ilaria
Published: June 2017

L’articolo discute la discussione tra Basilio ed Eunomio soffermandosi ad analizzare la risposta del vescovo di Cesarea alle due vie prese dagli argomenti subordinazionisti dell’anomeo. Il centro dell’attenzione argomentativa sarà posta sulle ricorrenze di σχέσις nell’Adversus eunomium di Basilio, per mostrare come l’attenzione alla relazione presente nei nomi divini rivelati non sia soltanto questione che tocca una teoria della nominazione, ma apre la via ad una estensione della metafisica in chiave relazionale, grazie alla quale si potrà formulare pienamente il dogma trinitario.
La certeza simple de ser y su relevancia hoy según Edith Stein
Authors: Meis Anneliese
Published: June 2017

El estudio pretende dilucidar el significado de la “certeza de ser” en Edith Stein, fenómeno originario al cual el pensar filosófico-teológico se acerca con actitud crítica desde siempre, pero cuya intelección Stein despliega con rigor filosófico, al
abrirla al misterio del espíritu finito, anticipado por el Espíritu infinito, expuesto al no-ser por falta de cobijo. En efecto, la certeza de ser trasciende la razón humana en su índole clara y distinta, aunque se gesta al interior de ella, a la vez que supera al sentimiento, sin tener su anclaje definitivo en él, por ser una novedad que emerge entre ambos.
Hacer teología desde la investigación acción participativa Experiencia con un grupo de mujeres que vive con VIH
Authors: Meza Rueda José Luis , Suárez Medina Gabriel Alfonso , Martínez, S. J. Víctor
Published: June 2017

Un amplio sector de la teología considera que su finalidad es la interpretación de la historia desde el horizonte de lo revelado. De igual manera, las ciencias sociales se preguntan por la posibilidad de una perspectiva crítica capaz de dar reconocimiento y participación a los sujetos implicados en los problemas y fenómenos sociales de su interés.
En esta perspectiva se inscribe la investigación acción participativa porque trata de promover la concienciación de los sujetos y el empoderamiento de las comunidades para el cambio. La coincidencia con el propósito de nuestra teología, en su deseo de procurar formas sociales más justas y humanas, en el camino hacia una escatología que busque la liberación plena del ser humano, nos ha llevado a explorar si la investigación acción participativa podría ser un método válido para hacer teología.
El quehacer teológico y el método de investigación acción participativa Una reflexión metodológica
Authors: Vélez Caro Olga Consuelo
Published: June 2017

El artículo pretende examinar las articulaciones entre los métodos en teología y
el método de las ciencias sociales investigación acción participativa (IAP) teniendo en cuenta la importancia que este último tiene para la elaboración de las teologías contextuales. Se examinan brevemente los métodos en teología y se presenta el método de investigación acción participativa. Con tal contextualización se pueden advertir las posibilidades y límites que esta articulación metodológica ofrece y se invita a continuar este caminar teológico que toma en serio la autonomía de la
realidad y pretende descubrir en ella la revelación de
Dios que la ilumina y, efectivamente, la transforma.
Sara contra Esdras Lectura crítica en el canon bíblico del segundo Templo
Authors: Van Treek Mike
Published: June 2017

El autor realiza una lectura de la Biblia adoptando una perspectiva narratológica. Se acerca al ciclo de Abraham y Sara (Gn 11,26–25,18) para leerlo en contraste con otros textos del canon bíblico de la época del segundo Templo. El autor afirma que la complejidad de los personajes, sus caracterizaciones moralmente ambiguas y la intrazabilidad de la semilla de Abraham ponen en cuestión ideas estrechas sobre la identidad cultural y narrativa de Israel
Method for Fluid Flow Simulation of a Gerotor Pump Using OpenFOAM
Authors: Castilla Robert , Gamez-Montero Pedro J. , Raush Gustavo , Codina Esteve
Published: June 2017

A new approach based on the open source tool OpenFOAM is presented for the numerical simulation of a mini gerotor pump working at low pressure. The work is principally focused on the estimation of leakage flow in the clearance disk between pump case and gears. Two main contributions are presented for the performance of the numerical simulation. On one hand, a contact point viscosity model is used for the simulation of solid–solid contact between gears in order to avoid the teeth tip leakage. On the other hand, a new boundary condition has been implemented for the gear mesh points motion in order to keep the mesh quality while moving gears with relative velocity. Arbitrary coupled mesh interface (ACMI) has been used both in the interface between clearance disk in inlet/outlet ports and between clearance disk and interteeth fluid domain. Although the main goal of the work is the development of the numerical method rather than the study of the physical analysis of the pump, results have been compared with experimental measurement and a good agreement in volumetric efficiency and pressure fluctuations has been found. Finally, the leakage flow in the clearance disk has been analyzed.
Finite Difference Computational Method for Trajectory Controllability of a Delayed Damped System Governed by Fractional Differential Equation
Authors: Muthukumar P. , Ganesh Priya B.
Published: June 2017

In this paper, the trajectory controllability (T-controllability) of a nonlinear fractional-order damped system with time delay is studied. Existence and uniqueness of solution are obtained by using the Banach fixed point theorem and Green's function. Necessary and sufficient conditions of trajectory controllable for the nonlinear system are formulated and proved under a predefined trajectory. Modified fractional finite difference method is applied to the system for numerical approximation of its solution. The applicability of this technique is demonstrated by numerical simulation of two scientific models such as neuromechanical interaction in human snoring and fractional delayed damped Mathieu equation.
Heat Transfer During High Temperature Gas Flow Through Metal Foam Heat Exchangers
Authors: Hafeez Pakeeza , Chandra Sanjeev , Mostaghimi Javad
Published: June 2017

An experimental study of heat transfer in metal foam heat exchangers fabricated from 10 and 40 pores per inch (PPI) was conducted. Heat exchangers were made by either brazing Inconel sheets to foam or plasma spraying Inconel skins on the foam. A burner test rig was built to produce high temperature combustion gases at either 550 °C or 750 °C that were passed over the exposed surface of heat exchangers that were cooled by passing air through them at rates of up to 200 SLPM. Both pressure drop and temperature rise of the air were measured. Friction factors and volumetric heat transfer coefficients were calculated for air velocities varying from 0.1 to 5 m/s and dimensionless correlations to predict these derived. The heat exchangers with 40 PPI foam were measured to have higher heat transfer rates and larger pressure drop than those with 10 PPI foam. Thermal sprayed heat exchangers were found to perform better than those that were brazed since they had lower thermal contact resistance between the external shell and foam struts. An analytical model was developed assuming local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE) and predictions from model were found to be in good agreement with experimental results.
Dynamic Effect of a Flexible Riser in a Fully Connected Semisubmersible Drilling Rig Using the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation
Authors: Ham Seung-Ho , Roh Myung-Il , Hong Jeong-Woo
Published: June 2017

The motion of a semisubmersible drilling rig must be checked in advance to satisfy the safety criteria of the rig. However, the complexity of the rig's connections makes it difficult to analyze the rig motion during the drilling operation because it is connected to the seabed by the blow-out preventer (BOP). The rig's connections consist of several pieces of risers, a telescopic joint, and a riser tensioner system. Also, from a macroscopic perspective, the risers should be regarded as flexible threads. Therefore, this study developed a rig motion analysis program considering the deformable effects of flexible risers and the full connectivity of the drilling rig. Flexible multibody dynamics (FMBD) based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) is adapted for the mathematical modeling of the risers and joints. Acting as an external disturbance, a hydrodynamic force and current force are exerted on the drilling rig and the risers, respectively. The drilling rig is fully modeled including the riser tensioner system, telescopic joint, flexible risers, and upper and lower flex joints. The motion analysis with and without connections was fulfilled to verify the effect of connectivity. Moreover, we observed that the movement of the drilling rig increases as the current speed increases. Finally, the simulation is successfully applied to check the motions and tensions of the drilling rig in moderate and storm conditions.
Miniaturized magnet-less RF electron trap. I. Modeling and analysis
Authors: Markosyan Aram H. , Green Scott R. , Deng Shiyang , Gianchandani Yogesh B. , Kushner Mark J.
Published: June 2017

Ionization of trace gases by electron impact followed by ion extraction is an important pumping approach in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) systems, which operate at nTorr pressure levels. However, pumping efficiency can only be achieved if the lifetime of electrons is sufficiently long to allow ionizing collisions with neutral species. In miniaturized systems, the electron lifetime is limited due to wall collisions. A traditional approach for an extended electron lifetime via trapping uses crossed electric and magnetic fields. These magnetic fields are undesirable in certain miniaturized systems such as atomic clocks. In this paper, the authors report a method and miniaturized structure for electron trapping in UHV conditions, which does not rely on magnetic fields. Electrons from an electron-beam source are transferred through a grid electrode into a central region of the device where they are trapped in lengthened trajectories using applied radio frequency (RF) electric fields. This paper describes analytical and numerical modeling to identify critical operating constraints between the trap geometry and driving RF voltage and frequency. An analytical relation is derived between RF voltage and frequency that should result in electron trapping for a given trap geometry. A plasma transport model is used to numerically investigate the trapping efficiency of the method with a two-dimensional geometry representative of experimental prototypes. A parametric study of RF voltage and frequency, electron beam current and initial energy, and background gas pressure demonstrates the efficacy of this approach in a miniaturized trap (≈1 cm3 trap volume). The authors find an increase of 3–4 orders of magnitude in electron density in the trap (2 × 107 cm−3) compared to the density of the electron beam (1 × 103 cm−3) with a proper choice of the applied voltage amplitude and RF frequency (typically 150 V and 150 MHz). These results indicate that miniature magnet-less electron traps can be effective.
Miniaturized magnet-less RF electron trap. II. Experimental verification
Authors: Deng Shiyang , Green Scott R. , Markosyan Aram H. , Kushner Mark J. , Gianchandani Yogesh B.
Published: June 2017

Atomic microsystems have the potential of providing extremely accurate measurements of timing and acceleration. However, atomic microsystems require active maintenance of ultrahigh vacuum in order to have reasonable operating lifetimes and are particularly sensitive to magnetic fields that are used to trap electrons in traditional sputter ion pumps. This paper presents an approach to trapping electrons without the use of magnetic fields, using radio frequency (RF) fields established between two perforated electrodes. The challenges associated with this magnet-less approach, as well as the miniaturization of the structure, are addressed. These include, for example, the transfer of large voltage (100–200 V) RF power to capacitive loads presented by the structure. The electron trapping module (ETM) described here uses eight electrode elements to confine and measure electrons injected by an electron beam, within an active trap volume of 0.7 cm3. The operating RF frequency is 143.6 MHz, which is the measured series resonant frequency between the two RF electrodes. It was found experimentally that the steady state electrode potentials on electrodes near the trap became more negative after applying a range of RF power levels (up to 0.15 W through the ETM), indicating electron densities of ≈3 × 105 cm−3 near the walls of the trap. The observed results align well with predicted electron densities from analytical and numerical models. The peak electron density within the trap is estimated as ∼1000 times the electron density in the electron beam as it exits the electron gun. This successful demonstration of the RF electron trapping concept addresses critical challenges in the development of miniaturized magnet-less ion pumps.
Growth of coherent BGaN films using BBr3 gas as a boron source in plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Cramer Richard C. , Bonef Bastien , English John , Dreyer Cyrus E. , Van de Walle Chris G. , Speck James S.
Published: June 2017

Incorporating boron into gallium nitride to make BxGa1-xN solid solutions would create an avenue for extreme alloys due to the fact that wurtzite phase BN has a larger band gap and smaller lattice parameters compared to GaN. In this paper, the authors report the growth of high crystal quality, random alloy BxGa1-xN thin films with x up to 3.04% grown on (0001) Ga-face GaN on sapphire substrates using plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy and BBr3 gas as a B source. High resolution x-ray diffraction was used to measure both the c plane spacing and the strain state of the films. It was determined that the films were fully coherent to the GaN substrate. Elastic stress-strain relations and Vegard's law were used to calculate the composition. Atom probe tomography was used to confirm that the BxGa1-xN films were random alloys. In addition to demonstrating a growth technique for high crystal quality BxGa1-xN thin films, this paper demonstrated the use of BBr3 as a novel B source in plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy.
Effect of ultrathin Fe dusting layer on electrical transport properties of few-layer MoS2 field-effect transistors
Authors: Wang Ying , Qi Long , Wu Yihong
Published: June 2017

Transition-metal-doped MoS2 has been predicted to be a potential candidate for a two dimensional dilute magnetic semiconductor, while the effect of transition metal dopants on the electrical properties of MoS2-based devices has received relatively less attention so far. Here, the authors report on a systematic electrical transport study of Fe-dusted few-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) field-effect transistors via repeated in situ Fe deposition (total nominal thickness ≤ 2 nm) and electrical measurements in ultrahigh vacuum. It is found that an ultrathin Fe adsorption layer (≪0.5 nm) n-dopes MoS2 without noticeably affecting the electrical characteristics of the device. In contrast, a thicker Fe layer (0.5–2 nm) results in the loss of the carrier tunability and a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic with the differential conductance approximately linear to drain voltage. The authors show through result analysis and qualitative modeling that Fermi level pinning in MoS2 directly underneath Fe nanoclusters plays an important role in causing these degradations. The pinning effect can be partially removed by in situ oxidizing the Fe nanoclusters for a short duration of 16 min. The mechanism of Fermi level pinning is discussed.
Influence of surface roughness on secondary electron emission from graphite
Authors: Burton Thomas S. , Back Tyson C. , Fairchild Steven B. , Thompson Gregory B.
Published: June 2017

In this study, the authors address how surface roughness alters secondary electron emission. By using specific grades of metallographic polishing pads, controlled levels of roughness and surface features were imparted. As expected, the smoothest surface (root mean square roughness 0.110 ± 0.022 μm) produced the highest secondary electron yield; however, a moderate rough surface (0.990 ± 0.019 μm) produced a slightly lower yield as compared to a rougher surface (7.10 ± 1.23 μm) at lower primary electron energies. This inversion, that a macroscopic rougher surface yields a higher emission, has been explained by differences between large and small scale variations in the surface roughness and the frequency that these features appeared on the surface. The surface roughness was quantified using optical profilometry and a fast Fourier transform of the surface topology.