bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Anti-EGFR IgA That Displays Improved Pharmacokinetics and Myeloid Effector Cell Engagement In Vivo
Authors: Lohse Stefan , Meyer Saskia , Meulenbroek Laura A.P.M. , Jansen J.H. Marco , Nederend Maaike , Kretschmer Anna , Klausz Katja , Möginger Uwe , Derer Stefanie , Rösner Thies , Kellner Christian , Schewe Denis , Sondermann Peter , Tiwari Sanjay , Kolarich Daniel , Peipp Matthias , Leusen Jeanette H.W. , Valerius Thomas
Published: December 2015

Antibodies of IgA isotype effectively engage myeloid effector cells for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we describe preclinical studies with an Fc engineered IgA2m(1) antibody containing the variable regions of the EGFR antibody cetuximab. Compared with wild-type IgA2m(1), the engineered molecule lacked two N-glycosylation sites (N166 and N337), two free cysteines (C311 and C472), and contained a stabilized heavy and light chain linkage (P221R mutation). This novel molecule displayed improved production rates and biochemical properties compared with wild-type IgA. In vitro, Fab- and Fc-mediated effector functions, such as inhibition of ligand binding, receptor modulation, and engagement of myeloid effector cells for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, were similar between wild-type and engineered IgA2. The engineered antibody displayed lower levels of terminal galactosylation leading to reduced asialoglycoprotein-receptor binding and to improved pharmacokinetic properties. In a long-term in vivo model against EGFR-positive cancer cells, improved serum half-life translated into higher efficacy of the engineered molecule, which required myeloid cells expressing human FcαRI for its full efficacy. However, Fab-mediated effector functions contributed to the in vivo efficacy because the novel IgA antibody demonstrated therapeutic activity also in non-FcαRI transgenic mice. Together, these results demonstrate that engineering of an IgA antibody can significantly improve its pharmacokinetics and its therapeutic efficacy to inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Cancer Res; 76(2); 403–17. ©2015 AACR.
Infection and the Perils of B-cell Activation
Authors: Greaves Mel , Müschen Markus
Published: December 2015

Summary: Recent studies have linked aberrant B-cell activation in the context of aberrant immune responses to infectious pathogens to malignant transformation and development of leukemia and lymphoma. A new study in this issue demonstrates that common infections can be drivers of clonal evolution of premalignant B-cell precursors toward childhood leukemia. Cancer Discov; 5(12); 1244–6. ©2015 AACR.

See related article by Martín-Lorenzo et al., p. 1328.
Intravitreal Aflibercept for Treatment-Resistant Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: 12-Month Safety and Efficacy Outcomes
Authors: Chang Andrew A. , Broadhead Geoffrey K. , Hong Thomas , Joachim Nichole , Syed Adil , Schlub Timothy E. , Toth Levente , Peto Tunde , Zhu Meidong
Published: December 2015

Purpose: To prospectively assess the safety and efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept for treatment-resistant neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods: This prospective, non-randomized clinical trial included 49 patients with treatment-resistant nAMD who received 2 mg intravitreal aflibercept as 3 monthly loading doses, followed by injections every 2 months over 12 months. Inclusion criteria included active nAMD on fluorescein angiography at baseline and persistent intra- or subretinal fluid on optical coherence tomography (OCT) for ≥6 months prior to baseline with a minimum of 4 injections of bevacizumab and/or ranibizumab. Patients were assessed monthly for best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT) measured with OCT and occurrence of adverse events. Retinal pigment epithelium atrophy (RPEA) was assessed at baseline and at 12 months. Results: Mean BCVA improved by 4.7 letters (95% CI: 2.1-7.3, p < 0.001) and CRT decreased by 97.2 µm (95% CI: 54.4-140.1, p < 0.001) at 12 months compared to baseline. Median RPEA area increased by 0.48 mm2 (range = -0.1 to 19.9, p < 0.001). There was 1 arterial thromboembolic event and 2 cases of submacular haemorrhage. Conclusion: In this cohort of treatment-resistant nAMD patients, intravitreal aflibercept was effective in improving vision and reducing exudation. Early visual and anatomic outcomes may predict longer-term response to treatment, but further assessment is required.
Transient Horizontal Gaze Palsy in a One-Month-Old Boy after a Fall
Authors: Bourne Sarah K. , Duhaime Ann-Christine
Published: December 2015

A 1-month-old boy was evaluated after a fall from a height of 3 feet and found to have right parietal skull fracture as well as right and left frontal traumatic hemorrhage. Ten days after the injury, he represented with a persistent left gaze preference. Further workup including MRI and EEG determined that this finding was most likely due to a small, focal, left-frontal eye field lesion. We review the horizontal gaze pathway and demonstrate that this is present at this very young age, and that a very focal and relatively minor injury can cause gaze disturbance.
Novel Endoscopic Findings as Visualized by Magnifying Endoscopy with Narrow-Band Imaging: White Opaque Substance Is Present in Colorectal Hyperplastic Polyps
Authors: Hisabe Takashi , Yao Kenshi , Imamura Kentaro , Ishihara Hiroshi , Yamasaki Kazutomo , Yasaka Tatsuhisa , Matsui Toshiyuki , Iwashita Akinori
Published: December 2015

Background: Magnifying endoscopy (ME) with narrow-band imaging (NBI) can visualize a white opaque substance (WOS) in gastric epithelial neoplasms, gastric intestinal metaplasias, and colorectal epithelial neoplasms. Histological examination showed the WOS to be lipid droplets accumulated in the epithelium. The white appearance of colorectal hyperplastic polyps suggests that they may contain WOS, but this has not been investigated as yet. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine whether WOS is present in colorectal hyperplastic polyps. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated endoscopic images of 26 consecutive lesions investigated by ME with NBI and subsequently endoscopically resected and confirmed to be hyperplastic polyps. Results: WOS was present in 21 of the 26 colorectal hyperplastic polyps (80.8%) based on the findings of ME with NBI. Adipophilin was present in 24 of the 26 colorectal hyperplastic polyps (92.3%). Conclusions: This study is the first to demonstrate that WOS (i.e. lipid droplets) accumulates in the epithelium of colorectal hyperplastic polyps.
The Prevalence and Management of Pauci-Immune Glomerulonephritis and Vasculitis in Western Countries
Authors: Lionaki Sophia , Boletis John N.
Published: December 2015

Background: Pauci-immune glomerulonephritis is the most common cause of aggressive glomerulonephritis and occurs as a renal-limited disease or as a component of systemic necrotizing small-vessel vasculitis. It is characterized by paucity of staining for immunoglobulins, by immunofluorescence along with fibrinoid necrosis and crescent formation by light microscopy, while the vast majority of patients have anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in their circulation, which also participate in the pathogenesis of the disease. Summary: Pauci-immune glomerulonephritis often manifests with rapidly deteriorating kidney function, which may be accompanied by distinctive clinical features of systemic necrotizing small-vessel vasculitis of one the following clinical phenotypes: microscopic polyangiitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis or eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. These are associated with a wide spectrum of vasculitic manifestations in different organ systems at clinical presentation and during the course of the disease. ANCA specificity is associated with distinct clinical syndromes and different prognostic profiles among patients. The key element of the management of patients with pauci-immune glomerulonephritis, with or without systemic vasculitis, is the clinical acumen, which results in timely diagnosis. Speed in diagnosis is crucial for the quick institution of immunosuppressive therapy aimed at removing circulating autoantibodies and quelling the inflammatory process. Key Messages: The introduction of ANCA testing in routine clinical practice has increased the ability of disease suspicion and recognition, resulting in earlier establishment of diagnosis by seeking a tissue confirmation of pauci-immune vasculitis. ANCA specificity is associated with distinct clinical syndromes and different prognostic profiles among patients. The management of patients with ANCA glomerulonephritis and/or vasculitis includes two major elements: prompt diagnosis and institution of immunosuppressive therapy to avoid irreversible kidney damage or death, and consideration of the predictors, which are associated with relapsing disease for planning of therapy in the long term. Facts from East and West: Treatment options for ANCA-associated vasculitis are shared between the East and West, with corticosteroid combined with cyclophosphamide being the standard regimen for inductive therapy and switching to azathioprine after remission. The major cause of death in treated patients is infection related to immunosuppressive therapy within the first year after diagnosis, and this rate might be higher in China than in Western countries. Western studies demonstrated the efficacy and safety of rituximab for induction of remission in cases with relatively mild disease and maintenance therapy, but this agent is rarely used in China.
Impact of Adhesiolysis on Outcome of Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Stommel Martijn W.J. , Strik Chema , ten Broek Richard P.G. , de Wilt Johannes H.W. , van Goor Harry
Published: December 2015

Background/Aims: Adhesiolysis is a frequent part of colorectal surgery, potentially impeding the operation and causing inadvertent bowel injury. Such difficulties might compromise convalescence and oncological quality of resection. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to assess the impact of adhesiolysis on clinical outcomes and histopathological results in colorectal surgery. Methods: Colorectal procedures were selected from a prospective cohort study of adhesiolysis-related problems. We compared the incidence of bowel injury, morbidity, costs, and the histopathology between patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery with or without adhesiolysis. Results: Two hundred and forty nine colorectal surgeries were analysed. Adhesiolysis was required in 59.0%. The mean adhesiolysis time was 28 min. In the adhesiolysis group, enterotomies occurred in 6.1% and seromuscular injuries in 27.2% compared to 0 and 6.9% respectively in the non-adhesiolysis group (p = 0.012 and p < 0.001). In patients requiring adhesiolysis, 29.9% had major surgery-related complications (MSRC) compared to 15.7% without adhesiolysis (p = 0.007). There were no statistically significant differences regarding inpatient costs and resection margin or number of harvested lymph nodes. Conclusions: Adhesiolysis during colorectal surgery is related to an increased incidence of iatrogenic bowel injuries and MSRC. Despite the technical challenges associated with adhesiolysis, good histopathological results were obtained in oncological resections.
APOL1
Genotype, Kidney and Cardiovascular Disease, and Death in Older Adults
Authors: Mukamal Kenneth J. , Tremaglio Joseph , Friedman David J. , Ix Joachim H. , Kuller Lewis H. , Tracy Russell P. , Pollak Martin R.
Published: December 2015

Objective—

We sought to evaluate the cardiovascular impact of coding variants in the apolipoprotein L1 gene
APOL1
that protect against trypanosome infection but have been associated with kidney disease among African Americans.

Approach and Results—

As part of the Cardiovascular Health Study, a population-based cohort of Americans aged ≥65 years, we genotyped
APOL1
polymorphisms rs73885319 and rs71785153 and examined kidney function, subclinical atherosclerosis, and incident cardiovascular disease and death over 13 years of follow-up among 91 African Americans with 2 risk alleles, 707 other African Americans, and 4964 white participants. The high-risk genotype with 2 risk alleles was associated with 2-fold higher levels of albuminuria and lower ankle–brachial indices but similar carotid intima–media thickness among African Americans. Median survival among high-risk African Americans was 9.9 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.7–11.9), compared with 13.6 years (95% CI, 12.5–14.3) among other African Americans and 13.3 years (95% CI, 13.0–13.6) among whites (
P
=0.03). The high-risk genotype was also associated with increased risk for incident myocardial infarction (adjusted hazard ratio 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1–3.0) and mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.3; 95% CI 1.0–1.7). Albuminuria and risk for myocardial infarction and mortality were nearly identical between African Americans with 0 to 1 risk alleles and whites.

Conclusions—

APOL1
genotype is associated with albuminuria, subclinical atherosclerosis, incident myocardial infarction, and mortality in older African Americans. African Americans without 2 risk alleles do not differ significantly in risk of myocardial infarction or mortality from whites.
APOL1
trypanolytic variants may account for a substantial proportion of the excess risk of chronic disease in African Americans.
Valve Endothelial Cell–Derived Tgfβ1 Signaling Promotes Nuclear Localization of Sox9 in Interstitial Cells Associated With Attenuated Calcification
Authors: Huk Danielle J. , Austin Blair F. , Horne Tori E. , Hinton Robert B. , Ray William C. , Heistad Donald D. , Lincoln Joy
Published: December 2015

Objective—

Aortic valve disease, including calcification, affects >2% of the human population and is caused by complex interactions between multiple risk factors, including genetic mutations, the environment, and biomechanics. At present, there are no effective treatments other than surgery, and this is because of the limited understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the condition. Previous work has shown that valve interstitial cells within the aortic valve cusps differentiate toward an osteoblast-like cell and deposit bone-like matrix that leads to leaflet stiffening and calcific aortic valve stenosis. However, the mechanisms that promote pathological phenotypes in valve interstitial cells are unknown.

Approach and Results—

Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo tools with mouse, porcine, and human tissue, we show that in valve interstitial cells, reduced Sox9 expression and nuclear localization precedes the onset of calcification. In vitro, Sox9 nuclear export and calcific nodule formation is prevented by valve endothelial cells. However, in vivo, loss of
Tgfβ1
in the endothelium leads to reduced Sox9 expression and calcific aortic valve disease.

Conclusions—

Together, these findings suggest that reduced nuclear localization of Sox9 in valve interstitial cells is an early indicator of calcification, and therefore, pharmacological targeting to prevent nuclear export could serve as a novel therapeutic tool in the prevention of calcification and stenosis.
Effects of Long-Term Type I Interferon on the Arterial Wall and Smooth Muscle Progenitor Cells Differentiation
Authors: Diao Yanpeng , Mohandas Rajesh , Lee Pui , Liu Zhiyu , Sautina Larysa , Mu Wei , Li Shiyu , Wen Xuerong , Croker Byron , Segal Mark S.
Published: December 2015

Objective—

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosis are at risk for premature atherosclerosis and half of the patients with systemic lupus erythematosis have elevated type I interferon (IFN-I) levels. We hypothesized that IFN-I would induce premature atherosclerosis by increasing the number of smooth muscle progenitor cells (SMPC) in the bloodstream and promoting atherosclerotic lesions within the vasculature.

Approach and Results—

SMPC isolated from wild-type and IFN receptor knockout animals were cultured in medium±IFN-I. In vivo, we used electroporation to generate stable IFN-I expression for as long as 4 months. The number of SMPC was determined in mice that expressed IFN-I and in control mice and sections from the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta were analyzed 3 months after electroporation of an IFN-I expression plasmid or a control plasmid. Adding IFN-I to the media increased the number of cultured wild-type SMPC and increased mRNA for SM22, but had no effect on SMPC isolated from IFN receptor knockout mice. Our in vivo results demonstrated a positive relationship between the preatherosclerotic-like lesions and endothelial damage. Although, there were no significant differences in smooth muscle cell density or thickness of the medial layer between groups, the IFN-I–expressing mice had a significant increase in preatherosclerotic-like lesions and immature smooth muscle cells, cells that expressed CD34 and smooth muscle α-actin; but lacked smooth muscle myosin heavy chain.

Conclusions—

IFN-I seems to enhance SMPC number in vitro. In vivo IFN-I expression may maintain SMPC in an immature state. These immature smooth muscle cells could give rise to macrophages and eventually foam cells.
Quadricuspid Aortic Valve
Authors: Tsang Michael Y.C. , Abudiab Muaz M. , Ammash Naser M. , Naqvi Tasneem Z. , Edwards William D. , Nkomo Vuyisile T. , Pellikka Patricia A.
Published: December 2015

Background—

Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a rare congenital cardiac defect. This study sought to determine QAV frequency in a large echocardiography database, to characterize associated cardiovascular abnormalities, and to describe long-term outcomes.

Methods and Results—

Fifty patients (mean±SD age, 43.5±21.8 years at the time of the index diagnosis; female sex, 52%) received a diagnosis of QAV between January 1, 1975, and March 14, 2014 (frequency, 0.006%). The QAV was type A in 32% and type B in 32% (Hurwitz and Roberts classification). Aortic dilatation was present in 29% of the patients, and 26% had moderate or severe aortic valve regurgitation at the index diagnosis. Stenosis affected only 8% of the valves and was mild. Other findings, including abnormalities of other cardiac valves, septal defects, persistent left superior vena cava, and patent ductus arteriosus, were present in 32% of patients. During a mean±SD follow-up of 4.8±5.6 years, 8 patients underwent aortic valve surgery, with severe aortic valve regurgitation being the surgical indication in 7 patients. One patient with mild to moderate aortic valve regurgitation underwent aortic valve repair for obstruction of the left coronary ostium by the accessory cusp of QAV. No infective endocarditis or aortic dissection was found. Overall survival was 91.5% and 87.7% at 5 and 10 years.

Conclusions—

Aortic dilatation and other structural cardiac abnormalities were relatively common among patients with QAV. Aortic valve regurgitation was the predominant hemodynamic abnormality and the indication for aortic valve surgery in most patients who received surgery. Long-term survival was excellent.
Effects of population density on female and male burrow characteristics in the fiddler crab, Uca bengali Crane, 1975
Authors: Tina Fahmida Wazed , Jaroensutasinee Mullica , Jaroensutasinee Krisanadej
Published: December 2015

We examined the effects of population density on body size and burrow characteristics ofUca bengaliCrane, 1975. We predicted that (1) males in high-density areas (HD) should be larger in size and build higher quality burrows than males in low-density areas (LD), and (2) HD females should be larger in size, but build lower quality burrows than LD females, as HD females can find higher numbers of good quality male burrows around them for breeding and egg incubation. Our results showed that males and females in HD were larger in size than those in LD. Since HD males were larger in size, they built higher quality burrows than males in LD. On the other hand, even though LD females were smaller in size than HD ones, they built higher quality burrows than HD females. Our results thus indicate that density effects both body size and burrow characteristics.
First record of the deep-sea stomatopod Bathysquilla microps (Manning, 1961) (Stomatopoda, Bathysquillidae) from the eastern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: González José A. , Biscoito Manuel
Published: December 2015

In the present account Bathysquilla microps (Manning, 1961) is recorded for the first time from the West African coast off Morocco and the Western Sahara. In the Atlantic Ocean, this species was only known from the tropical western basin; therefore this is the first time it is recorded from the eastern Atlantic.
The effects of the parasite Probopyrus pandalicola (Packard, 1879) (Isopoda, Bopyridae) on the behavior, transparent camouflage, and predators of Palaemonetes pugio Holthuis, 1949 (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)
Authors: Brinton Brigette A. , Curran Mary Carla
Published: December 2015

The bopyrid isopod Probopyrus pandalicola (Packard, 1879) is a large, noticeable, hematophagous ectoparasite of palaemonid shrimps, including the daggerblade grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio Holthuis, 1949. Bopyrids affect grass shrimp physiology and may also affect predator-prey dynamics. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the isopod affected the behavior and/or camouflage of grass shrimp, thereby altering the predation preferences of the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus (Linnaeus, 1766). To determine whether the isopod affected predator preference through behavioral and/or camouflage alterations, paired combinations of unparasitized, parasitized, and marked shrimp were presented to mummichogs. One branchiostegite of some of the unparasitized shrimp was marked with black paint to mimic the bopyrid parasite. Mummichog predation preference and shrimp behavior immediately prior to predation events were recorded. All shrimp behavior was classified as motionless, walking, swimming, or backward thrusting. Immediately prior to predation, parasitized shrimp swam more () and backward thrusted less () than unparasitized shrimp. Mummichogs exhibited a preference for the more active shrimp (80.7% of shrimp; ), and also for the less camouflaged (parasitized or marked) shrimp (81.5% of shrimp; ) if there was no difference in shrimp behavior. Parasitized shrimp were preferentially consumed (51/85 shrimp) when paired with unparasitized shrimp (), but not with marked shrimp (). A 30-min activity budget was created for each type of shrimp both in the presence and absence of predators; neither the parasite nor marking affected their behavior over 30 min (). The major finding of this study was that P. pandalicola affected the predation preferences of F. heteroclitus by altering the behavior and/or camouflage of the grass shrimp. Parasitization alters predator-prey dynamics by decreasing the camouflage and the frequency of backward-thrusting behavior by the host when it is threatened by predation, which thereby decreases the ability of shrimp to escape from predators.
Reproductive strategies conferring species dominance in marine mysid (Peracarida, Mysida) species in coastal waters off Vancouver Island, BC
Authors: Burnham R. E.
Published: December 2015

Cold-water mysid species are key components of north Pacific coastal ecosystems and yet much of their life history remains unknown. In Clayoquot Sound, on the west coast of Vancouver Island, a dozen or so species have been identified, with four occurring consistently in samples: Holmesimysis sculpta (W. Tattersall, 1933), Neomysis rayii (Murdoch, 1885), Telacanthomysis columbiae (W. Tattersall, 1933) (Fukuoka & Murano, 2001) and Columbiaemysis ignota Holmquist 1982. In this article growth and reproduction of these species over a 24-month period (May 2010-April 2012) is described, showing recovery from annual removal by the eastern Pacific grey whale (Eschrichtius robustus (Lilljeborg, 1861)) over winter, when pressure from this main predator has been relieved. Holmesimysis sculpta dominates the species flock by employing different life history strategies. It is less seasonal than sister species, overcoming a presumed resource limitation scenario and exhibits year-round reproduction, thereby demonstrating more rapid population rebound following predation and, therefore, retain dominance.
Levelling and Rule Restructuring in Old English Adjectives
Authors: Ringe Don
Published: December 2015

The distribution of short low vowels in West Saxon Old English adjectives cannot be explained entirely by levelling of surface forms and does not reflect lengthening in open syllables. A combination of levelling and rule restructuring is needed to account for the observed pattern.
Sounds Modulate the Perceived Duration of Visual Stimuli via Crossmodal Integration
Authors: Asaoka Riku , Gyoba Jiro
Published: December 2015

Previous studies have shown that the perceived duration of visual stimuli can be strongly distorted by auditory stimuli presented simultaneously. In this study, we examine whether sounds presented separately from target visual stimuli alter the perceived duration of the target’s presentation. The participants’ task was to classify the duration of the target visual stimuli as perceived by them into four categories. Our results demonstrate that a sound presented before and after a visual target increases or decreases the perceived visual duration depending on the inter-stimulus interval between the sounds and the visual stimulus. In addition, three tones presented before and after a visual target did not increase or decrease the perceived visual duration. This indicates that auditory perceptual grouping prevents intermodal perceptual grouping, and eliminates crossmodal effects. These findings suggest that the auditory–visual integration, rather than a high arousal state caused by the presentation of the preceding sound, can induce distortions of perceived visual duration, and that inter- and intramodal perceptual grouping plays an important role in crossmodal time perception. These findings are discussed with reference to the Scalar Expectancy Theory.
Ethnography as pedagogy in library orientations
Authors: Pashia Angela , Critten Jessica
Published: December 2015

Driven by a need to make their library orientations more meaningful, a group of academic librarians used ethnography as a pedagogy to create a series of exercises based on participant observation and reflection. This article describes the value of ethnographic methodology in information literacy (IL) curriculum design, focusing specifically on a case study in which students completed a mapping and observation exercise in a freshman seminar course as their library tour. This assignment was more successful than a previous, more traditional approach to the freshman seminar in which the librarian pointed out elements of the space and then guided students through a subscription database. The new ethnographic approach gave students the opportunity to be critically reflective about how they interacted with their surroundings and also extrapolate what function certain areas of the library space might serve from their experiences.
Picking up the cool tools:
Authors: Rothera Hazel
Published: December 2015

This small-scale practical action research project set out to investigate how undergraduate Primary Teacher Education students in a UK university find and evaluate information, and whether short online tutorials hosted in the university’s Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) could support their information literacy development. Surveys and focus groups were used to explore students' information-seeking behaviours. Students then collaborated with the researcher in selecting, designing and creating a series of short video tutorials demonstrating key information literacy-related Library tools. The project found that many students navigate both physical and online information environments with their focus on immediate short-term goals, without exploring; that key IL messages only communicated once are quickly forgotten; and that without frequent reminders of Library tools students devise their own workarounds to their IL problems, with varying degrees of success. The article therefore argues, from the project findings and the existing higher education literature on strategic student behaviour online, that while students value short visual IL tutorials, librarians’ time and effort in producing these risks being wasted if it is simply assumed that students will find and use them unprompted. These findings have implications for professional practice in terms of how such resources are positioned and promoted. This is believed to be one of the first studies within the librarianship literature exploring the effect of students’ strategic navigation of online environments on their awareness of information literacy tools and resources, and suggesting tactics to address the resulting issues. It is also unusual in having collaborated with students in designing and producing information literacy resources.
Synopsis of Abutilon (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

Authors: TAKEUCHI CÁTIA , ESTEVES GERLENI LOPES
Published: December 2015

Abutilon is represented in the state of São Paulo by 18 species mainly distributed in the Atlantic Forest, especially in dense rainforest. This work includes an identification key, illustrations, and comments on morphology, habitat, geographical distribution and conservation status. A new species (Abutilon costicalyx), three new synonyms, and three new records for São Paulo are presented.
On the two Galicias: from Lesser Poland to the outskirts of Europe, from the Atlantic to the Vistula river
Authors: Golemo Karolina
Published: December 2015

On the two Galicias: from Lesser Poland to the outskirts of Europe, from the Atlantic to the Vistula riverThe article is aiming to compare the two European Galicias: the Spanish one, being one of the autonomous communities of Spain and the historical-cultural  region located in the East-Central part of  Europe. Is there, apart from the coincidence of names which may serve as a good starting point for the play of words and anecdotes on ‘national characters’, something more which links these two distant geographic territories? From the socio-cultural perspective it is worth to have a look at the sphere of social ideas and myths which accompany discussions on the two Galicias. Is there in the complicated and quite elusive (in the sense of uncountable, changing and subjective) matter of local traditions, daily life patterns and customs, any link between the two European Galicias?In this short article, I will try to refer to certain stereotypes, cultural myths and anecdotes came to being in the sphere of social concepts. They were created, on one hand, by the media (in particular in the context of the unification of the richer Europe with its poorer part), on the other – by individual human experiences, in whose lives dual Galician adventures entwined. O dwóch Galicjach: z Małopolski na krańce Europy, znad Atlantyku nad WisłęCelem tekstu jest próba zestawienia ze sobą dwóch Galicji Europy: hiszpańskiej, funkcjonującej jako jedna ze wspólnot autonomicznych Królestwa Hiszpanii, oraz środkowoeuropejskiej, będącej historyczno-kulturowym regionem, niegdyś częścią imperium Habsburgów. Czy poza zbieżnością nazw, która może być dobrym punktem wyjścia do zabaw słownych i anegdot na temat „charakterów narodowych”, istnieje jeszcze coś, co łączy te dwa geograficznie odległe terytoria? Z perspektywy socjologiczno-kulturoznawczej warto się przyjrzeć sferze społecznych wyobrażeń i mitów towarzyszących dyskusjom o dwóch Galicjach. Czy w skomplikowanej i dość nieuchwytnej (w sensie niepoliczalnej, zmiennej, subiektywnej) materii lokalnych tradycji, modelów życia codziennego, obyczajów istnieje jakaś więź między dwoma Galicjami Europy? W tym krótkim tekście postaram się odwołać do pewnych stereotypów, mitów kulturowych i anegdot, które zaistniały w sferze społecznych wyobrażeń. Stworzyły je, z jednej strony, media (zwłaszcza w kontekście jednoczenia się bogatszej Europy z jej biedniejszą częścią), z drugiej zaś przeżycia jednostek, w których losy wplotły się doświadczenia „podwójnie galicyjskie”.
Wybrane koncepcje regionu w socjologii polskiej
Authors: Poniedziałek Jacek
Published: December 2015

Selected concepts of the region in Polish sociologyThe aim of this article is to present the most important concepts of region in Polish sociology. It is also description of inspirations derived from XIX centuries ethnography and as well as sociology which focused its attention on regions before World War II. Early concepts developed by historiography and ethnology, that underlined such differentiators of region as social awareness and distinct folk culture, were used in sociology which developed in the interwar period in Poland. After World War II the most of sociological studies of regions based on definitions of a phenomenon which described it as a private homeland of regional community that is integrated by regional identity. Such community lives at a territory which is a type of physical container for identity and culture. A region is physical space in which a regional community meets its needs, it is a concept of region used by an inclusive and Marxist version of modernization theory. The first concepts mentioned above emphasized regional awareness superstructured on regional patterns of satisfying needs, while the latter objectively existing structure of a regional economy and society.  Recently an institutional perspective has been developed. Such theoretical perspective makes us see a region in terms of relational qualities of regional space, institutions, society and created in public discourse symbols and myths. Wybrane koncepcje regionu w socjologii polskiej Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie najważniejszych koncepcji regionu w polskiej socjologii. To również opis inspiracji pochodzących z XIX-wiecznej etnografii oraz socjologii, zainteresowała się regionem jeszcze przed II wojną światową. Wczesne koncepcje rozwinięte przez historię i etnologię, podkreślające takie wyróżniki regionu jak społeczna świadomość oraz specyficzna ludowa kultura, używane były przez rozwijającą się w okresie międzywojennym socjologię. Po drugiej wojnie światowej większość socjologicznych studiów nad regionem wykorzystywała koncepcję regionu, w której definiowano go jako prywatną ojczyznę regionalnej społeczności, która integrowana jest przez regionalną tożsamość. Taka zbiorowość zamieszkuje terytorium traktowane jako fizyczny pojemnik tożsamości i kultury. Region to przestrzeń fizyczna, na której regionalna zbiorowość zaspokaja swoje potrzeby, to koncepcja regionu wykorzystywana przez integralną i marksistowską wersję teorii modernizacji. Pierwsze ze wspomnianych ujęć podkreślało ważność regionalnej świadomości nadbudowanej nad regionalnymi wzorami zaspokajania potrzeb, drugie obiektywnie istniejące struktury regionalnej gospodarki i zbiorowości. Ostatnio rozwija się perspektywa instytucjonalna, która każe widzieć region w kategoriach relacyjnych związków przestrzeni, instytucji, zbiorowości regionalnej oraz wytwarzanych w publicznym dyskursie symboli i mitów.
Polski nacjonalizm w szerokiej perspektywie
Authors: Karczewski Krzysztof
Published: December 2015

On Polish nationalism in wide perspectiveIn this book review of “Dylematy polskiego nacjonalizmu” by B. Grott the author argues that B. Grott based on an interdisciplinary comparative shows not only the shape of selected Polish nationalist political doctrines in the two factions: the Catholic faction that is characterized by traditionalism, and the modernizing faction, that is characterized by facing the challenges of modernity, but also shows the compounds between them and their values and practice of life of the nation and its historical success. Polski nacjonalizm w szerokiej perspektywieW niniejszej recenzji książki B. Grotta pt. Dylematy polskiego nacjonalizmu… autor przekonuje, iż B. Grott w oparciu o metodę interdyscyplinarną i porównawczą przedstawia nie tylko kształt wybranych polskich nacjonalistycznych doktryn politycznych w dwóch odłamach: w katolickim odłamie, o charakterze na wskroś tradycjonalistycznym i w modernizacyjnym odłamie, zwróconym frontem do wyzwań nowoczesności, ale także ukazuje związki pomiędzy nimi i lansowanymi tam wartościami a praktyką życia narodu i jego powodzenia dziejowego.
Polityczna aktywność Polaków na Litwie
Authors: Wakar Marcin
Published: December 2015

Political activity of Poles in LithuaniaA review of the latest book by Adam Bobryk has the aim to present the most valuable points of the publication. The reviewer focuses his attention on the most important aspects described in the seven chapters of the book. He also observes that this is the first monograph describing political activities of the Polish community in the Republic of Lithuania. According to the author of the review the book by Adam Bobryk, despite a few insignificant errors, is an important position to read, and for any researcher of Polish-Lithuanian relations it is even mandatory. Polityczna aktywność Polaków na LitwieTekst jest recenzją najnowszej książki Adama Bobryka, w której autor stara się pokrótce przedstawić najważniejsze informacje zawarte w omawianej publikacji. Przytoczone zostały tu główne wątki opisane w siedmiu rozdziałach książki A. Bobryka. Recenzent zauważa też, że jest to pierwsza monografia opisująca działalność polityczną społeczności polskiej w Republice Litewskiej. Zdaniem autora recenzji książka Adama Bobryka, mimo kilku nieistotnych błędów, jest pozycją ważną, a dla badacza relacji polsko-litewskich wręcz obowiązkową.
Longitudinal associations between employees’ beliefs about the quality of the change management process, affective commitment to change and psychological empowerment
Authors: Morin Alexandre JS , Meyer John P , Bélanger Émilie , Boudrias Jean-Sébastien , Gagné Marylène , Parker Philip D
Published: December 2015

Organizational changes are costly ventures that too often fail to deliver the expected outcomes. Psychological empowerment and affective commitment to change are proposed as especially important in turbulent contexts characterized by multiple and ongoing changes requiring employees’ continuing contributions. In such a context, employees’ beliefs that the changes are necessary, legitimate and will be supported, are presumed to increase psychological empowerment and affective commitment to change. In a three-wave longitudinal panel study of 819 employees, we examined autoregressive and cross-lagged relations among latent constructs reflecting change-related beliefs (necessity, legitimacy, support) and psychological reactions (psychological empowerment, affective commitment to change). Our findings suggest that psychological empowerment and affective commitment to change represent largely orthogonal reactions, that psychological empowerment is influenced more by beliefs regarding support, whereas affective commitment to change is shaped more by beliefs concerning necessity and legitimacy.
Resistance Strain Gauges for the Measurement of Steady Strains at High Temperatures
Authors: Bertodo R.
Published: December 2015

The paper reviews the principal aspects of an investigation carried out between 1958 and 1962 in order to develop a wire resistance strain gauge for the measurement of steady stresses in stationary and rotating turbojet components operating at temperatures up to 600°C in oxidizing atmospheres.

The characteristics of a number of alloys are reviewed and the behaviour of long unbonded wires drawn from nickel-chromium, iron-chromium-aluminium and platinum-tungsten alloys are discussed in detail. The effect of such factors as annealing, ordering and oxidation of the alloy's lattice on the resistance-temperature characteristics of the wire are considered. On the basis of such findings three alloys are selected for test in the form of flat grid strain gauges. The results obtained from a large number of such gauges over periods of time in excess of 200 hours are presented.

It is concluded that only wires having low temperature coefficients of resistance and oxidation rates, as well as a high degree of stability, are suitable for the manufacture of strain gauges for the measurement of steady strains. Provided they were suitably heat-treated, some alloys of the nickel-chromium-aluminium, iron-chromium-aluminium and platinum-tungsten systems appeared suitable and the results obtained under typical laboratory and field conditions are presented. In general it appeared possible to prepare strain gauges having a temperature coefficient of resistance corresponding to an apparent strain of less than 30 μin/in degC (900 lb/in2 in steel) and a time-induced drift of less than 3 μin/in h (90 lb/in2 in steel). The accuracy of the measurements is therefore largely dependent upon the accuracy to which temperature compensation may be effected.

A number of temperature compensating circuits are examined as well as the effect of such factors as current heating, stray magnetic fields and joints on the final accuracy. The shear strength and insulation resistance are given for a number of adhesives and cements chosen because of their compatibility with the strain gauge filaments.
Investigation into Variations of Performance of a Natural-Draught Cooling Tower
Authors: Crawshaw C. J.
Published: December 2015

This paper is an abridgement of a report† concerned with the results of two allied investigations carried out on a natural-draught cooling tower for the purpose of studying the causes of variations in the results obtained when testing cooling towers. Such tests are usually infrequent and the results obtained do not reflect the possible variations which can occur owing to changes in atmospheric conditions. The first purpose of the investigations was to obtain accurate air temperatures at different levels in a vertical plane covering positions from 4 ft above ground level to a height corresponding to the top of the tower, to check the validity of the specified requirement that the wet- and dry-bulb temperatures should be taken at 4 ft above ground level.

The second purpose was to endeavour to measure the temperature of the outlet air above the packing inside the tower by means of special long resistance elements, from which a reliable heat balance could be obtained, thus affording more precise data with which to analyse the tower performance. With these ends in view, a considerable number of tests were carried out, using recording apparatus, and the results obtained are considered to have a relative accuracy of a high order.

This paper gives the results obtained, and a theoretical assessment of information derived from these results, including the effects of inversions, of changes in barometric pressure, and of variations in wind velocity. This investigation has also afforded an opportunity to make a critical appraisement of the Chilton coefficient C.
An Investigation of Grain Vortex Motion with Relation to the Performance within Vertical Grain Augers
Authors: Roberts A. W.
Published: December 2015

The performance of grain augers, which are installed at high angles of elevation, is greatly affected by the high rotational or vortex motion imparted to the grain by the rotating screw. In a general study of auger performance characteristics recently carried out, it was shown that the losses in output resulting from the grain vortex motion are quite considerable. The present work has been aimed at studying the characteristics of grain vortex motion in order to permit a closer examination of the effect of this motion on auger performance.

In the first part of the investigation, a simplified theoretical analysis is presented which is based on the assumption that the grain behaves as a ‘semi-fluid’. With the aid of experimental data, it is shown that this assumption is approximately correct for the majority of vortices in which the relative motion between the grain layers is sufficient to cause agitation and prevent compaction. For a forced vortex in which there is no relative motion between the grain layers, the grain mass behaves more as a ‘solid’ than a ‘semi-fluid’.

In the second part of the investigation an analysis is made of the actual vortex motion in grain augers. It is shown that the vortex velocity distribution is a function of auger speed. A general expression is developed for the ‘critical’ speed of an auger at which reverse flow or slipping back of grain in the central region of the screw ceases. On the basis of the ‘critical’ speed analysis, an examination is made of the effect on performance of the size of the core diameter in relation to the outside diameter of the screw.
Maximum Steam Flow through Pipes to the Atmosphere
Authors: James Russell
Published: December 2015

The various factors involved in determining the maximum flow of steam from a pressure vessel through straight pipes to the atmosphere are empirically correlated.

The main test series was conducted using four sizes of commercial pipe, 1·07, 0·84, 0·44 and 0·23 inches in diameter, and four sizes of stainless steel tube, 0·278, 0·17, 0·125 and 0·067 inches in diameter. The range of length/diameter ratios was 2·27 to 3000.

Two additional tests were conducted on 4-in pipe, using length/diameter ratios of 9 and 3000.

Flow rates were obtained by determining the relationships between flow and the critical† discharge pressures existing near the pipe outlet faces.

Results agree well with Lapple's theory for steel pipe of 1-in diameter and greater; for steel pipe less than 1-in diameter, flow rates are less than theory predicts.

For smooth tubes, flow rates are greater than Lapple's theory gives.

The effect on flow due to the position in a pipeline of a 90° square elbow, was also studied.
The Impact of Transfers Between Prisons on Inmate Misconduct
Authors: Kigerl Alex , Hamilton Zachary
Published: December 2015

The purpose of this study is to propose and test a new theory of prisoner misconduct. Research has focused on influences of misconduct that originate from the community (importation) or that originate from the prison environment itself (deprivation). We formulate a new theory of misconduct, transfer theory. Transfer theory posits that influences of misconduct can also originate from a prior institution, following a transfer between prisons. The study is based on a sample of 5,926 state inmates transferred between prisons between 2008 and 2012. Support was found for transfer theory, predicting higher levels of misconduct for inmates transferred from larger institutions with lower custody levels.
The Effects of Prison Visits From Community Volunteers on Offender Recidivism
Authors: Duwe Grant , Johnson Byron R.
Published: December 2015

Research has shown that prison visitation is associated with reduced recidivism. This study analyzes whether visits from community volunteers (CVs)—specifically clergy and mentors—had an impact on recidivism by examining 836 offenders released from Minnesota prisons. The results show that CV visits significantly reduced all three measures of reoffending but had no impact on technical violation revocations. The salutary effect on recidivism grew as the proportion of CV visits to all visits increased. The findings suggest CV visits should be conceptualized as a programming resource to be used with higher risk offenders who lack social support.
Toward an Integrated and Differential Approach to the Relationships Between Loneliness, Different Types of Facebook Use, and Adolescents’ Depressed Mood
Authors: Frison Eline , Eggermont Steven
Published: December 2015

Although a variety of studies have examined the predictors or outcomes of adolescents’ social networking site use, these studies did not incorporate (1) an integrated, longitudinal approach to examine these relationships longitudinally in a single comprehensive model or (2) a differential approach to distinguish between different types of social networking site use. Therefore, this two-wave panel study ( N = 1,612) developed an integrated and differential model to provide a deeper understanding of the relationships among loneliness, specific types of Facebook use, and adolescents’ depressed mood. Using structural equation modeling, the results point to the presence of a poor-get-richer effect regarding active public Facebook use but reveal a poor-get-poorer effect regarding passive Facebook use. The discussion focuses on the explanation and understanding of these findings.