bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Partial Characterization of Potential Melanoma Suppressor Genes Using a Novel Subtractive Melanocyte Library
Authors: Tron Victor A. , Trotter Martin J. , Ho Vincent C.
Published: July 2017

Background:

There is increasing evidence that a tumour suppressor plays a role in the pathogenesis of cutaneous melanoma.

Objective:

Our objective was to isolate a melanoma-tumour suppressor gene.

Methods:

We constructed a novel subtractive library enriched for cDNAs expressed preferentially in normal melanocytes. Candidate genes were isolated using differential hybridization and were characterized further by Northern blot analysis.

Results:

Initially, 238 plaques were isolated, of which 57 contained insert cDNA. Ten of the cDNA clones demonstrated expression in normal melanocytes and were not present in at least one of four melanoma cell lines. Three of the clones showed no expression in melanocytes, but did hybridize with at least one of the melanoma lines. The remaining 44 clones were not expressed in either melanocyte or melanoma lines. Partial DNA sequence analysis of four selected clones revealed a cDNA representing the Ret Fused Gene (RFG) and two others highly homologous to tyrosinase-related protein (TRP1). Ret Fused Gene, a gene originally isolated from thyroid gland tumours, has been mapped to chromosome 10, whereas the TRP1 has been mapped to chromosome 9p. Both these genetic loci are known to be altered in melanoma.

Conclusion:

The method used is a powerful tool for the identification of genes important in the pathogenesis of skin diseases and is applicable to the study of a wide range of neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions.
Poststreptococcal Vasculitis with Cutaneous and Central Nervous System Involvement
Authors: Grunwald Marcelo H. , Amichai Boaz , Flusser Daniel , Halevy Sima
Published: July 2017

Background:

Poststreptococcal vasculitis involving the central nervous system (CNS) is rarely seen.

Objective:

An unusual case of vasculitis of the CNS induced by a streptococcal infection is reported.

Methods:

A MEDLINE search was done, and an additional case is reported.

Results:

Behavioural changes with neurologic symptoms and brain lesions, presented on computerized tomography (CT) study were diagnostic of CNS involvement by vasculitis, induced by poststreptococcal infection.

Conclusion:

Poststreptococcal vasculitis involving the CNS is a rare event, but this possibility should be considered when a patient with cutaneous vasculitis develops behavioural changes or neurologic symptoms.
Exophiala Jeanselmei Infection in a Patient with Two Primary Malignancies
Authors: Chen Diana M.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Dematiaceous fungi are emerging as an important pathogen, particularly in individuals on immunosuppressive medications. These fungi produce brown to black pigment and are responsible for a wide spectrum of diseases, including superficial infections of the skin and eye and, uncommonly, deep infections involving the central nervous system and internal organs.

Objective:

We present a male patient with localized, cutaneous Exophiala jeanselmei infection.

Methods:

We review the literature and present a brief discussion of phaeohyphomycotic infections, their clinical features, and their treatment modalities.

Results:

Workup of our patient revealed an underlying hepatic lymphoma and pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusions:

Phaeohyphomycotic infections, although uncommon, are increasingly recognized as important pathogens in patients who are immunologically compromised as a result of long-term steroid or other immunosuppressive therapy. Infections by these organisms in healthy-appearing individuals should prompt one to consider an immunodeficiency state and appropriate workup should be performed.
Modified Rhombic Flap for Closure of Circular or Irregular Defects
Authors: McGeorge Bruce C.L.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Rhombic flaps include the Limberg and the Quaba/Sommerlad flaps. The latter was described as successful placement of “a square peg in a round hole” but reported a 22% incidence of dog-ear formation complicating the postoperative course of surgery.

Objective:

To demonstrate the clinical use and compare and contrast the rationale of a modified rhombic flap for closure of wounds of circular or irregular shape that aims to minimize dog-ear formation.

Methods:

This closure is essentially a 60° transposition flap applied to a round or irregularly shaped defect. The flap is made slightly smaller than the defect. A modification of the Quaba/Sommerlad flap was made whereby a standing-cone was removed from the hinge-point of the base of the flap during the procedure and a greater flap size was used. A series of 104 cases was assessed by photographic and clinical record perioperatively and at 6 months of postoperative follow-up.

Results:

No dog-ear formation was found in any of the cases. Other complications were minimal. This flap has been found to be simple to design, and also practical with a wide variety of wound shapes and anatomic sites successfully closed.

Conclusion:

This modification successfully eliminates the most common complication of the Quaba/Sommerlad flap. The modified rhombic flap is a very versatile, safe method, of wound repair and is particularly well suited to Mohs' excision surgery.
Current Topics in Nail Surgery
Authors: Alam Murad , Scher Richard K.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Nail surgery can be performed in an office-based dermatology practice with a limited amount of specialized equipment and training. Several excellent reviews have been published in recent years that detail the techniques of nail surgery for both the novice and the experienced practitioner.

Objective:

In this article recent developments in nail surgery are discussed. Topics that are treated include the general principles of nail surgery, including epidemiologic issues, studies of nail anatomy, instrumentation, and anesthesia. The reconstruction of injuries and congenital defects involving the nail is explained, and the role of the hand surgeon clarified. Appropriate removal of tumours and cysts is considered, with special attention to the management of malignant lesions. The controversy regarding more or less conservative management of melanonychia striata is addressed, and the need for early diagnosis of subungual melanoma is emphasized. Other topics are surgical management of ingrown nails and onychomycosis. Newer areas of nail surgery, such as laser surgery of the nail, psycho-dermatology of the nail, and the role of primary care physicians in simple nail surgery are also examined.
Time-Dependent Analysis for International Hotel Demand in Seoul
Authors: Kim Youngtae , Uysal Muzaffer
Published: July 2017

The primary objective of this study is to develop an empirical model that accounts for factors affecting the demand for international tourist hotels, and that enables demand estimation and projection in the context of the Seoul metropolitan area. International hotel demand for a metropolitan area such as Seoul is hypothesized as a function of the price of hotel rooms, the number of events such as international conventions, seminars and exhibitions; and total trade volume of the destination country. The dependent variable is the number of bed nights occupied by foreign guests in a given period. The study discusses a procedure for correctly estimating a time-series regression model. Consideration is given to the possibility that errors in the model are generated by a time-dependent process more than by a first-order autoregressive process. The findings of the study revealed that own price, the number of events and the trade volume directly affected demand. Some factors were proven to affect the demand indirectly through adjustment of price in the short run. Further the study revealed that demand is a function of the entire market mechanism, which is the inter-relationship of demand and price among different market segments.
Induced Abortions and Births: Trends in Seven Counties, Norway, 1972–1983
Authors: Skjeldestad Finn Egil
Published: July 2017

This paper discusses the changes in the frequencies of induced abortions and births according to changes in the abortion legislation in Norway during the 1970s. The study material consists of women aged 15–44 years having undergone induced abortion or giving birth in seven Norwegian counties during the period 1972–83. Since the liberalization of the abortion legislation in 1976 and later when the law on abortion on women's request came into force in January 1979, the number of induced abortions per 1000 women 15–44 years of age has decreased by 20%, until December 31, 1983. For no age group has the number of induced abortions per 1000 women increased since the liberalization of the abortion legislation. While the number of terminations of pregnancy per 1000 women below the age of 25 has remained unchanged since 1975, the number of abortions per 1000 women aged 25–29 has decreased by nearly 18% and for women aged 30–44, by 34%. The number of terminated pregnancies per 1000 women of fertile age has shown a decrease corresponding to the reduction in births per 1000 women. Thus the liberalization of the abortion law cannot account for the decreased number of births after 1975.
Otolaryngology exposure in a longitudinal integrated clerkship setting
Authors: Scott Grace Margaret , Best Corliss Ann Elizabeth , Micomonaco Damian Christopher
Published: July 2017

Background

Although 20–40% of primary care complaints are Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (OtoHNS) related, little emphasis is placed on OtoHNS instruction at the undergraduate medical education level. An OtoHNS clerkship rotation is not required at most Canadian medical schools. Furthermore, at institutions offering an OtoHNS rotation, less than 20% of students are able to complete a placement. Given that a large percentage of medical students in Canada will pursue primary care as a career, there remains a gap in providing OtoHNS clinical training. During the longitudinal integrated clerkship at the Northern Ontario School of Medicine (NOSM), students are assigned to one of 14 sites, and not all have access to an otolaryngologist. This study looks to quantify the level of exposure students are receiving in OtoHNS at NOSM and to assess their comfort level with diagnosing and treating common otolaryngologic conditions.

Methods

A structured 13-item survey was administered to second, third and fourth year medical students at NOSM.

Results

A majority (67.9%) of medical students surveyed had not observed an otolaryngologist. Furthermore, most students (90.6%) reported receiving very little OtoHNS classroom based and clinical instruction during medical school.

Conclusions

A discrepancy exists between the quantity and breadth of OtoHNS training received in undergraduate medical education and the volume of OtoHNS encounters in primary care practice. Although geographic dissemination of students in the distributed learning model may be a challenge, strategies such as standardized objectives and supplemental electronic resources may serve to solidify clinical knowledge.
Evaluation of the quality of services provided by the Polish football clubs
Authors: Dzięgiel Andżelika , Luciński Łukasz
Published: July 2017

Fans are the essence of the sports event and their absence in the stands can negatively affect on the value of events, which are evaluated from the perspective of permanent fans, sponsors and media. The main objective of the study was the assessment of the quality of selected services offered by Polish football clubs. The quality of sports services should be defined as the ability to meet the needs of a particular physical activity. By means of on-line survey method was conducted research, receiving responses from nearly three hundred football fans. The results showed that the fan of football is the man between 21 and 30 years of age with secondary education and gross income below 1600 PLN. The quality of examined the activities carry out by the Polish clubs is judged on passable level. The process of improvement should be start with the team website and the assortment of football souvenirs. Sports organizations in order to attract more permanent fans should realize their marketing efforts by regular research of needs and expectations of fans.
Aspects of fitness sports pairs dance in dance competition sports style standard performance assessment tests strength – 20M gear swing
Authors: Pilewska Wiesława , Matczak Paweł
Published: July 2017

Aim of the studyIn this paper, an attempt to level the characteristics of endurance capacity C-S couples sporty style dance class standard in relation to aspects of dance sport activities.MaterialsThe research group sports were couples dancing, Training in Torun Club & Dance the Dance Dance. The group consisted of 22 people forming 11 pairs. The age of respondents ranged from 16-22 years. The group presented the age-group tournaments over 15 years. In the group of two pairs presented a class "C" six class "B", two pairs of class "A", one pair of class "S".Research MethodsUsed to measure the strength of a 20-meters gear swing. The test was to overcome the 20 meters sections at a given time. Signals determining the pace were on record obtained from the National Center for the Study of Physical Constitution (ncbkf.pl).Inability to keep pace or late in the signal indicating the start of the next cycle, was a sign to complete the test. Results and conclusions             In the group of dancers C-S class, style standard p≥0,01 reported a statistically significant correlation between the results of those obtained sample of 20 meters gear swing and their level of sport.In all groups (dancers) were recorded directly proportional nature of the correlation between the outcome and the level of sports endurance capacity (specific results of 20-meters gear swing).For example, the best pairs can be inferred that the profile should show the dominance of a partner in the level of strength and their partners should represent 60-70% of the partner. Both smaller and larger difference tend to be weaker performance was characterized by a pair of sports and a lower level of sports.
The quality of sport- recreation services
Authors: Widawska-Stanisz Agnieszka
Published: July 2017

There is a description of sport- recreation services and their quality presented in this article. The most important factors determining the high quality of providing services and the meaning of quality standards in the process of providing sport- recreation services are shown. There are some research results conducted among residents of Silesia province on the offers of sport – recreation companies and the qualities of their services.
The professionalization of marketing management in sports club in the local market
Authors: Kowalski Sławomir
Published: July 2017

The main problem of sports clubs is the insufficient knowledge in the use of existing resources. Local sport clubs operate in a continuous shortage of financial, human and material. Issues related to the acquisition of sponsors, training management teams, sports facilities managers require their professional approach.While in higher grades professional leagues is dictated by the rules of licensing, in the lower leagues or sports less popular, lack of professionalism causes the collapse of the club or its stagnation.This article aims to give examples and model the use of knowledge in the management of sports clubs, local scope. The subject in this article is the football club RKS Rakow Częstochowa SA, which implements specific marketing programs for managing. The scope of the observational studies include image management, stakeholder relations, professional approach to raising sponsorship, promotion and organization of sporting events.In addition, the article provides information management and promotion outside the club in terms of financial shortcomings of using modern communications solutions.The article should be helpful in solving the problems of decision-making clubs at the lower classes leagues and clubs marketing management disciplines niche for local coverage.
Proposal on the production process to finance companies sport from studying his followers
Authors: Cárdenas-Polanía Wilson Andreas
Published: July 2017

The follower of sport should be the focus of the operation of sport companies. For that we must understand their needs so we can develop the business model that gives direction to the sport company to achieve financial sustainability. The proposal is based on social psychology and sociology at the theoretical part and in two methodological research: A transversal cross-correlation descriptive and the other is based on statistical analysis of textual data. Taking some of its conclusions, the proposal aimed to channel the needs of the follower of sports to an exchange called cultural consumption. For this, the necessary elements that the company must develop to maximize emotions, motivations and identities during games, tournaments and sporting events. It does this using the amplification of symbolic values, develop statistics and promote the practice of sport. With this tour, arise actors that the process for its success must accompany: Athletes, media and advertisers. With these inputs we can make an intersection between the follower and the consumer of the sponsor.
Students sports clubs in Poland in the light of existing legislation and legal regulation of general court jurisdiction
Authors: Rejman Aneta
Published: July 2017

This article is devoted to the issues related to creation and activities of school’s  clubs in Poland in the light of existing legislation and legal regulation of an administrative and general court jurisdiction. It examines the legislation and legal regulation in  relating to the operation of school sports clubs, especially under the current  sport law  from 2010.                Experience shows that a number of important decisions concerning the sphere of student sports clubs are often made in against the applicable law, or are the subject of an irrelevant administrative decisions . It is all about matters related to the proper editing of the Statute of the club, the entry in the register or the conduct of sport events - which means that after the exhaustion of the instance may be appealed to the ordinary courts.                This article is a kind of an attempt to summarize the existing law, ie. the relevant law as well as constantly updated  court decisions - designed to indicate the accuracy of proceedings in matters relating to the establishment and the activities of student’s clubs.
The logic of value creation in the sport organization
Authors: Wiśniewski Adam Krystian
Published: July 2017

Creating value by sports organizations is dependent on the performance of their functions and determinants of business. Success depends on the proper application of the model and methods for creating and capturing value. Their importance to the organization stems from the awareness of customers’ needs and their position in the value model. The paper discuss theoretical and practical methods and tools used in the concept of value creation by sports organizations. In the introductory part, the author presents the views, sources, types and motives of use the value priority in organizations. Then he focuses on the analysis of used in practice theories of value creation by sports organizations.
Legal aspects of athletes' image rights usage in the light of marketing activities
Authors: Westfal Krzysztof M.
Published: July 2017

Usually the law is at least one step behind the market demands. Economic potential of athletes’ image rights has been recognized by marketing specialists many years ago. Selling image rights brings huge amounts of money to professional athletes each year. In market practice and in the realities of professional sport, commercial character of the image rights has become a fact.                Also noticeable tendencies in development of Polish law interpretation seems to acknowledge that fact. Latest attempts of redefining nature of the image rights as economical or mixed economical-personal one deserves for approval.                The importance of the issue of professional athletes’ image has found its reflection in legislation. Art. 14 par. 1-3 of the Sports Act of 25th June 2010 sets lex specialis to art. 23 and 24 paragraphs 1-3 of the Polish Civil Code as well as to art. 81 par. 1 and 2 of the Copyright and Related Rights Act of 4th February 1994 which sets general legal frameworks for image rights in Poland. Abovementioned provisions of the Sport Act grants the Polish sports unions and the Polish Olympic Committee with the exclusive right to use, in order to their business goals, image of the athletes wearing, respectively, the Polish national team outfit or the Olympic team outfit.                Specific legal provisions functioning in relation to the professional athletes’ image were also the subject of the case law of the Supreme Court. Of key importance for the interpretation of art. 14 paragraphs 1-3 of the Sports Act has a Supreme Court judgment of 16th December 2009, I CSK 160/09, which was issued on the basis of art. 33 paragraph 1 and 2 of the repealed Qualified Sport Act.                For issues of athletes image usage not without significance is the fact that professional athletes usually have the status of a commonly known persons. In the light of art. 81 par. 2 of Sports Act disseminating the image of an athlete who is commonly known person as well, does not require the consent of such a person, provided that the image has been made in connection with the performance of public functions, in particular social or professional ones.                Regarding to the issue of entities authorized to disseminating athletes image there is considerable diversity. Depending on the factual situation, except of an athlete itself, such entitled entity might become the Polish Olympic Committee, the Polish sport union, sport club or organization for collective management of rights of athletes.                Having regard to the multidimensional issue of the athletes' image, and bearing in mind how common practice concluding of the marketing contracts concerning image rights has become, it should be postulated that observable changes concerning issue in question, shall be made towards meeting the needs espoused by the market.
Methods of coping with stress in young players in team sports games
Authors: Kalinowski Paweł , Pietranis Dariusz , Bugaj Olga , Lachowska Katarzyna
Published: July 2017

Contemporary trends in qualified sport to achieve athletic championship are aimed at constant clarification of the areas of information and the search for new methodological solutions and training. With the ever-rising level of sports, one of the fundamental tasks of theoreticians and practitioners of the sport is the correct diagnosis of sports predispositions of players. Nowadays, sporting success is not determined only by an excellent physical preparation. Players should have corresponding psychological predispositions. One of the psychological aspects relevant to athletes are effective ways of coping with stress.                The study attempts to determine the level of  how to deal with stress in the representatives of team sports compared with the general population. A survey on ways of coping with stress of  31 players in the younger junior age category appearing  in the top division was carried out using a CISS questionnaire created by Norman and Parker (1990), adapted by Polish authors (Strelau et al. 2005). The results showed that young athletes were characterized by a lower level of styles and strategies focused on emotions compared with those of the general population and a higher level of ways of focusing on the task compared with the general population. The observed differences were statistically significant.
Dosing Accuracy of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Schwartz Janice B. , Merrill Steve , de Leon Noelle , Thompson Ashley , Fang Margaret C.
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE

Direct‐acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly used to prevent or treat thromboembolism. We conducted a study to compare how well initial DOAC prescribing for adult inpatients adhered to dosing recommendations approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

DESIGN

Retrospective analysis.

SETTING

Single academic medical center, July 1, 2014 to June 30, 2015.

PATIENTS

508 adult inpatients.

MEASUREMENTS

DOAC prescriptions were evaluated to determine whether they met FDA‐recommended dosing and administration according to patient age, weight, sex, race, kidney function, diagnoses, and concomitant medications.

RESULTS

DOACs were prescribed in 635 admissions (247 apixaban, 97 dabigatran, 291 rivaroxaban). The indication was atrial fibrillation/flutter in 465 admissions (8% with bioprostheses or valve repair), chronic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in 67, acute DVT in 32, chronic pulmonary embolism in 23, acute pulmonary embolism in 19, DVT prevention after hip or knee surgery in 19, and non‐FDA‐approved indications in 10. Sixteen percent of orders for venous thromboembolic disease were for patients with active malignancy. Dosages not concordant with recommendations were prescribed for apixaban in 18% of admissions, for rivaroxaban in 14%, and for dabigatran in 7% (P = 0.04). Lower than recommended dosing was more common than higher than recommended dosing (P < 0.05). Half the deviations were continuations of outpatient dosing. Atrial fibrillation/flutter and post‐hip or ‐knee surgery dosing deviations were more common than venous thromboembolic disease deviations (P < 0.001) but were not related to prescriber specialty.

CONCLUSIONS

DOAC prescribing recommendation deviations that can affect clinical efficacy were identified. Education and point‐of‐care decision support tools for improving dosing are needed, as are outcome data for patients who receive DOACs at lower than recommended dosing or for off‐label indications.
Research Roundup
Authors: Cowan Helen
Published: July 2017

Helen Cowan presents a selection of recently published articles of interest to nurses working in cardiovascular nursing. The aim of this roundup is to provide a brief overview of the research papers selected. A full reference is provided for those who wish to take a look at the research in further detail
Diversity of endophytic actinobacteria isolated from medicinal plants and their potency as pancreatic lipase inhibitor
Authors: FITRI LENNI
Published: July 2017

Fitri L, Meryandini A, Iswantini D, Lestari Y. 2017. Diversity of endophytic actinobacteria isolated from medicinal plants and their potency as pancreatic lipase inhibitor. Biodiversitas 18: 857-863. Endophytic actinobacteria from medicinal plants have high diversity and potency to produce secondary metabolites with various biological functions, including the activity of lipase inhibitor. As it has been widely known that inhibiting fat absorption through the activity of pancreatic lipase inhibitor is one of the most common treatments for weight loss. This study aimed to assess diversity and capability of endophytic actinobacteria in producing pancreatic lipase inhibitor from medicinal plants that were traditionally used as antiobesity. Medicinal plants used in this research were rhizome of Alpinia galanga, Kaempferiae galanga, K. rotunda, Zingiber cassumunar, and leaves of Murraya paniculata. The endophytic actinobacteria were isolated, purified, and assayed for lipase inhibitory activity. The selected isolates were molecularly identified based on 16S rRNA gene and compared for their close relationship with reference strains available in the GenBank. A total of 35 endophytic actinobacteria has been isolated from the five medicinal plants examined. The isolates showed to have various morphological diversity based on their colony and microscopic observations, and also to have various lipase inhibitory activity. The inhibition activity ranged from 6.1 to 96.5%. There were five selected endophytic actinobacteria which have lipase inhibitory activity higher than 90%. At the same concentration of sample (1300 ppm), the crude extract of AEBg12 showed slightly higher activity (95.3%) compared with orlistat (93.6%), used as a positive control. The partial sequences of 16S rRNA analyses showed that AEBg4 (1421 bp) had the highest similarity with Streptomyces sp. S170 (93%), followed by its close relationship with S. lannensis strain SR3-58 (93%), and S. lannensis JCM 16578T (92%). Both AEBg10 (1051 bp) and AEBg12 (1010 bp) had the highest similarity with Streptomyces sp. S170 by 99% and 98%, respectively. The AEKp9 (1367 bp) had a close relationship with Streptomyces sp. DLDG2 (93%) and S. bellus NBRC 12844T (93%). While for AELk3 (1033 bp), the similarity with Streptomyces sp. NRLL B-24869 was 98%. These research data can be considered as new information, regarding the capability of endophytic actinobacteria from medicinal plants, which have potency as antiobesity, through their pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity.
Short Communication: DNA barcoding reveals vulnerable and not evaluated species of sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea and Stichopodidae) from Kepulauan Seribu reefs, Indonesia
Authors: MADDUPPA HAWIS , TAURUSMAN AM AZBAS , SUBHAN BEGINER , ANGGRAINI NURLITA P , FADILLAH RISKI , TARMAN KUSTIARIYAH
Published: July 2017

Madduppa H, Taurusman AA, Subhan B, Anggraini NP, Fadillah R, Tarman K. 2017. DNA barcoding reveals vulnerable and not evaluated species of sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea and Stichopodidae) from Kepulauan Seribu reefs, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 893-898. DNA Barcoding is a tool in the molecular taxonomy which allows a rapid and precise identification. This tool is needed to mitigate difficulties in identifying species of sea cucumbers in Indonesia. This study was conducted to reveal species diversity in sea cucumbers (Holothuridae and Stichopodidae), commonly harvested in the Kepulauan Seribu reefs, northern Jakarta, Indonesia, by using mitochondrial DNA. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using the Kimura-2 parameter with 1000 of bootstrap values. The genetic distance within and between species was investigated. Conservation and trade status of the species were determined using IUCN and CITES, respectively. DNA barcoding using mitochondrial Cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) revealed 7 species from 96 samples, of which 4 species belonged to the Stichopodidae (Stichopus herrmanni, Stichopus ocellatus, Stichopus horrens, Stichopus monotuberculatus), and 3 species to the Holothuridae (Bohadschia bivittata, Actinopyga lecanora and Holothuria leucospilota). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the two families were separated with a high bootstrap value. The neighbor-joining tree supported the result of identification of the sea cucumber species. The ingroup haplotypes were clustered into four main clades. Stichopus herrmanni and S. ocellatus were identified as closely related, which matches their morphological characteristics. Bohadschia bivittata is the most distinct species from other species due to the formation of a separate clade in the phylogenetic tree. Stichopus. horrens and S. monotuberculatus were also identified as very closely related, which might explain the frequent morphological misidentification of both types. The conservation status determined one of the investigated species was categorized as vulnerable, one as least concern, one as not evaluated, and four species in data deficient. The population trend of S.s herrmanni was recorded to be decreasing, whereas it remained unknown for the other 6 species. Surprisingly, all identified species in this study were not evaluated yet by CITES. This study suggests that a proper field monitoring and the establishment of a valid list of commercial and scientific names for the sea cucumbers harvested in Kepulauan Seribu is necessary. This would be valuable for keeping trade records and managing and conserving the targeted sea cucumber species in the region.
Economic valuation of whale shark tourism in Cenderawasih Bay National Park, Papua, Indonesia
Authors: ANNA ZUZY , SAPUTRA DICKY SURYA
Published: July 2017

Anna Z, Saputra DS. 2017. Economic valuation of whale shark tourism in Cenderawasih Bay National Park, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1026-1034. The whale sharks aggregation in the waters of Cenderawasih Bay has an impact on improving the marine tourism industry in the region. On the other hands, Whale Shark is one of the species listed in the Red List of Threatened Species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the vulnerable status, means that a whale shark populations have been reduced by 20% to 50% within 10 years or three generations. The decline numbers of whale sharks caused by human activities that damage the fish and the habitat, such as fishing and tourism activities. This is due to the lack of public awareness about the function and value of these resources and its habitat. The whale shark has inherent value as marine resources, and has an environmental services value, in relation to tourism activities. This paper measures the economic value and environmental services of the whale shark and its habitat. The method of Travel Cost is used to calculate the value of expenditures incurred by both foreign and local tourists. The study also measured the value obtained by tourist operators, the value of fishing activities, and the value of the habitat, through the people's Willingness to Pay (WTP), using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). From the result of the overall economic valuation can be determined the estimated value of whale shark tourism, as well as Cenderawasih Bay National Park area, amounted to IDR 35.5 trillion. The policy implication of this research is the need for appreciation of the whale sharks value, as well as its habitat, by managing and developing conservation areas, and community capacity building on the understanding of the importance of whale sharks and its conservation.
The current status of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) and its uses in the Gaza Strip, Palestine
Authors: RABOU ABDEL FATTAH N. ABD , RADWAN EQBAL S.
Published: July 2017

Abd Rabou AN, Radwan ES. 2017. The current status of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) and its uses in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Biodiversitas 18: 1047-1061. The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is considered one of the most important fruit crops in Palestine. It has a major socio-economic importance due to its commercial, nutritional, environmental, social, health and religious values. Because of its importance as a resistant and strategic crop facing serious local threats like pest infestation, underdeveloped marketing and mismanagement, the current study comes to investigate the status of the date palm tree and its uses in the Gaza Strip. Field surveys and institutional visits were applied to fulfill the purpose of the study. The current study revealed a total number of 250,000 trees of date palm existing in the Gaza Strip, with 40% of the dates is concentrated in the Middle Governorate. At least, 19 cultivars have been recorded locally with the ‘Hayani’, ‘Barhee’ and ’Bentaisha’ being the most common. The average date production in the last few years was 12,000 - 15,000 ton per year. More than 40 industries and uses associated with the date palm tree have been observed in the Gaza Strip, with the handicraft production and food industries are the main creative uses by the Palestinian community. Finally, the study recommends the improvement of the processes of date palm cultivation, production, protection, and marketing. The cooperation of different parties is very essential to ensure good sustainable development and uses of the date palm in the Gaza Strip, Palestine.
Genetic variation of the mangrove species Avicennia marina in heavy metal polluted estuaries of Cilegon Industrial Area, Indonesia
Authors: MANURUNG JEPRIANTO , SIREGAR ISKANDAR Z. , KUSMANA CECEP , DWIYANTI FIFI GUS
Published: July 2017

Manurung J, Siregar IZ, Kusmana C, Dwiyanti FG. 2017. Genetic variation of the mangrove species Avicennia marina in heavy metal polluted estuaries of Cilegon Industrial Area, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1109-1115. Mangrove forests are often facing various anthropogenic disturbances, particularly in the industrial area. However, information on the status of industrial heavy metal pollution and its impact on the genetic variation of mangrove species, such as Avicennia marina, particularly in Indonesian industrial area has not been assessed. In this study, the classification of heavy metals in two estuaries of Cilegon Industrial Area (Pelabuhan Warna Sari and Krakatau) and one estuary outside Cilegon Industrial Area (Pulau Sangiang) were determined by Sediment Quality Guidelines- States Environment Protection Agency (SQGs-USEPA). Furthermore, the genetic diversity of 72 individuals of A. marina in the three estuaries were examined using four microsatellite loci (M3, M64, M81 and M98). The results showed that Krakatau area was the heavily polluted estuary based on SQGs-USEPA and have a lower genetic variation (He= 0.54) than Pelabuhan Warna Sari (moderately polluted, He= 0.56) and Pulau Sangiang (non-polluted, He= 0.60) suggesting a notable of deficiencies of genetic variation of A. marina in heavy polluted estuary compared to moderately and non-polluted estuary. Considering the low level of genetic variation in heavily polluted area, transplantation among estuaries and introduction of propagules from non-polluted estuary or other regions are needed as one of the conservation efforts.
Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of rhizome from three ginger varieties against acne isolated bacteria
Authors: INDRAWATI IDA , MIRANTI MIA , MAYFI ISY'AINI RIFQA
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Indrawati I, Miranti M, Mayfi IR. 2017. Antibacterial activity of rhizome extracts of three ginger varieties against acne-isolated bacteria. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 92-96. Antibacterial activity of rhizome extracts of three ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) varieties against bacteria isolated from acne was done. Three ginger varieties, namely emprit, gajah and red ginger, were tested to obtain the best concentration of ethanolic extracts among them in inhibiting the growth of the acne-isolated bacteria. This research used experimental approach by Completely Randomized Factorial Design with two factors of treatment, A x B. The first factor (A) were bacteria strain isolated from acne that consists of 3 levels. The second factor (B) was a varied concentration of rhizome ethanolic extract of three ginger varieties which consist of 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5 and 20% for emprit and gajah, while for the concentration used for red were 2, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5%. Moreover, a synthetic antibiotic clindamycin 30 mg mL-1 was used as a comparison. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA with 95% of confidence and then followed by Tukey test when the significance was detected. The results showed that the acne-isolated bacteria were identified as Propionibacterium sp 1 and 2 and Staphylococcus. The rhizome ethanolic extract of red ginger had the highest antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria. This finding was supported by the fact that the red ginger variety had a small value of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Additionally, the measurement of clear zone revealed that the interaction between ethanolic extract of red ginger with a concentration of 12.5% ​​producing a clear zone of 13.5, 25.0 and 17.5 mm against Propionibacterium sp.1, Staphylococcus sp and Propionibacterium sp.2, respectively.
Short Communication: Peanut introduced germplasm response against Ralstonia bacterial wilt disease
Authors: NUGRAHAENI NOVITA , RAHAYU MUJI
Published: July 2017

Nugrahaeni N, Rahayu M. 2017. Short Communication: Peanut introduced germplasm response against Ralstonia bacterial wilt disease. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 138-140. Peanut germplasm introduction is a means to increase genetic variability within the germplasm collection. However, its utilization is frequently hampered by its susceptibility to bacterial wilt disease, the main disease in peanut cultivation in Indonesia. The aim of the present study was to assess peanut introduced germplasm response against Ralstonia bacterial wilt disease. One hundred and fifty peanuts introduced germplasm were planted on the bacterial wilt endemic area in Pati, Central Java, Indonesia. Pre-planted isolation revealed that the bacterial population in the soil was considered high, i.e. 2.6x106 cfu.g-1. The trial was laid out in RCBD, replicated two times. Each accession was planted in two rows of 4-m length with 40 cm x 10 cm plant spacing. The crop received a basal dose of Phonska at 300 kg.ha-1 and SP36 at 100 kg. ha-1. Observations were made on bacterial wilt disease incidence and agronomic traits. Research result showed that the introduced germplasm was highly variable in their responses to the wilt disease with wilt incidence ranging from 0% to 100%. Twenty-three accessions, out of 150, were resistant to the disease. Those resistant accessions showed good agronomic characters and gave dry pod yield in the range of 1.56-4.5 t.ha-1. This results indicated that introduced germplasm could be used in increasing variability of bacterial wilt resistant gene source as well as in increasing yield potential in developing new peanut improved cultivars.
Effect of manure, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria, and chemical fertilizer application on the growth and yield of soybean
Authors: KUNTYASTUTI HENNY , SUTRISNO SUTRISNO
Published: July 2017

Kuntyastuti H, Sutrisno. 2017. Effect of manure, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria, and chemical fertilizer application on the growth and yield of soybean. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 126-132. This study aimed to determine the dosages of organic, chemical and biological fertilizers for optimum growth and yield of soybean grown in acidic dryland. Treatments applied were twelve combinations of inorganic fertilizer, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), and manure. These treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, each was three replicates. The growth variables of plant height and chlorophyll index were observed in every two weeks interval, started at two weeks after planting. Root length and number of nodules were observed at 45 days after planting when the maximum vegetative growth occurred. Stem and root dry weight, number of filled and empty pods, pod dry weight, grain weight, and number of seeds per plant were observed at harvest. Optimum soybean growth and yield were achieved when soybean plants were treated with a combination of 1500 kg ha-1 of manure + PSB +150 kg ha-1 of NPK chemical fertilizer.
Utilization of several herbal plant extracts on Nile tilapia in preventing Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas sp. bacterial infection
Authors: HARDI ESTI HANDAYANI , KUSUMA IRAWAN WIJAYA , SUWINARTI WIWIN , SAPTIANI GINA , SUMOHARJO SUMOHARJO , LUSIASTUTI ANGELA MARIANA
Published: July 2017

Hardi EH, Kusuma IW, Suwinarti W, Saptiani G, Sumoharjo, Lusiastuti AM. 2017. Utilization of several herbal plant extracts on Nile Tilapia in preventing Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas sp. bacterial infection. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 220-228. This study described the effect of the ethanol extracts of temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata), terong asam (Solanum ferox), and lempuyang (Zingiber zerumbet) in increasing the nonspecific immunity of tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) as well as in inhibiting Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas sp. infections. The ethanol extracts concentrations used in this study were: 600 and 900 ppm for B. pandurata, 400 and 900 ppm for S. ferox, and 200 and 2000 ppm for Z. zerumbet. 0.1 mL of each extract was administered via intraperitoneal injection into the tilapia fish with a weight of about 15 g. Challenge test on day 6 was done via intramuscular injection of 0.1 mL A. hydrophila and Pseudomonas bacterial suspension (density 1010 CFU/mL-1) into the fish. Thereafter, the fishes were kept for another 14 days to monitor the effectivity of the extract treatments in inhibiting pathogenic bacterial infection, by measuring several parameters such as hematocrit (He), hemoglobin (Hb), total erythrocyte (TE) on day 0 and day 14. Total leukocyte and phagocytic index were observed on day 0, 6, and 14. In addition, observations on the changes in swimming pattern, anatomic pathology, as well as fish mortality rate and relative percent survival (RPS) after challenge test were conducted as well. The results indicated that, overall, the three extracts were able to increase the total leukocyte, phagocytic index and maintain the blood parameters (He, Hb and TE) in a normal state. The protection rate against A. hydrophila observed in the fish treated with 200 and 2000 ppm Z. zerumbet extracts were 100%. Meanwhile, that of the fish supplemented with 600 and 900 ppm B. pandurata were 63% and 68%, respectively. In response to Pseudomonas sp. infection, the RPS of the fish receiving 900 ppm S. ferox was significantly higher than that treated with 400 ppm S. ferox. In conclusion, all concentrations B. pandurata, S. ferox, and Z. zerumbet extracts evaluated in this study was effective in preventing A. hydrophila and Pseudomonas sp. Infections, and had a positive impact on the nonspecific immune response which in turn enhance its capability in inhibiting pathogenic bacterial infection.
Dental caries bacterial isolates sensitivity toward water-, ethanolicextract and essential oils of several shallot cultivars (Allium cepa)
Authors: INDRAWATI IDA , ANGGRAINI AULIA PONNY , IRAWAN BUDI
Published: July 2017

Indrawati I, Anggraini AP, Irawan B. 2017. Dental caries bacterial isolates sensitivity toward water-, ethanolic- extract and essential oils of several shallot cultivars (Allium cepa). Nusantara Bioscience 9: 229-235. Sensitivity test of dental caries bacterial isolates has been carried out toward water-, ethanolic- extract and essential oil of Batu, Maja, Sumenep shallot cultivars. The experimental method was conducted using sensitivity test through Kirby-Bauer method with randomized complete design factorial 5 x 16 for each shallot cultivars with two replications. Factor one (i) was dental caries bacteria isolates (Lactobacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp.1, Staphylococcus sp.2, Staphylococcus sp.3 and Streptococcus sp.). The other factor (ii) was an antibacterial agent (water-extract, ethanolic- extract and essential oil of Batu, Maja, Sumenep shallot cultivars and antibiotic Vancomycine 30 Î¼g). Concentration for each shallot cultivars extract that used was 80%, 40%, 20%, 10% and 0%. The result of sensitivity test to those antibacterial agents showed that 80% water extract of Maja cultivar had the best inhibition zone of Staphylococcus sp.1 growth with the average of inhibition zone 37 mm. The interaction factor between essential oil from Batu and Maja as well as Sumenep shallot cultivar revealed a better inhibition zone than Vancomycine 30 Î¼g with all bacterial isolates tested.