bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between weight loss and outcomes in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Huilei , Li Xiaozhong , Yu Peng , Liu Menglu , Ma Jianyong , Wang Jingfeng , Zhu Wengen , Liu Xiao
Published: January 2023

Background

Obesity is an strong risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), and obesity can affect the prognosis of AF. However, the role of weight loss on outcomes after ablation remains unclear.

Objectives

This study aims to determine the relationship between weight loss and outcomes in patients with AF ablation, as well as the potential dose–response relationship.

Methods

The Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched to identify studies that reported a relationship between weight loss and ablation up to August 17, 2021. Relative risks (RRs) were pooled using random-effects models.

Results

One randomized, open-labeled clinical trial and seven cohort studies involving 1283 patients were included. The mean body mass index of all included studies was over 30 kg/m2. The clinical trial showed a non-significant benefit of weight loss intervention on AF recurrence (Odd risk [OR] = 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–1.47). Meta-analysis based on observational studies showed that the recurrence rate of AF after ablation was significantly reduced (RR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.22–0.81, I2 = 97%) in relatively obese patients with weight loss compared with the control group. Each 10% reduction in weight was associated with a decreased risk of AF recurrence after ablation (RR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.33–0.88) with high statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 76%). An inverse linear association (Pnon-linearity = 0.27) between AF relapse and increasing weight loss was found.

Conclusions

Our results first suggest an inverse dose–response association between weight loss and risk of recurrent AF after ablation, with moderate certainty.

Graphical Abstract
Clinical application of the anterior pelvic wall locking plate (APWLP) in acetabular fractures involving the quadrilateral surface
Authors: Wang ZhiDong , Wang ZhenHeng , Chen GuangDong , Gao MaoFeng , Zhu RuoFu , Yang HuiLin
Published: January 2023

Background

The management of acetabular quadrilateral surface fractures remains challenging for surgeons, and the treatment options for such fractures remain controversial. Quadrilateral surface surgery is a complex procedure involving combined approaches, and the quality of fracture reduction closely depends upon the surgical procedure, as well as the skill and experience of the surgeon. This study aimed to explore the clinical effects of applying an anterior pelvic wall locking plate (APWLP) through the lateral-rectus approach for treating acetabular fractures involving the quadrilateral surface.

Methods

This retrospective analysis was comprised of 35 patients with acetabular fractures involving the quadrilateral surface who were treated with an APWLP in our hospital between June 2016 and December 2020. The patients included 25 males and ten females, with an average age of 52.45 years. All the patients were exposed through the lateral-rectus approach, six patients were exposed with an additional iliac fossa approach, and the fractures were fixed by combining an APWLP with a reconstruction plate. The Matta imaging standard was used to assess the quality of the fracture reduction, and the final follow-up clinical outcome was classified as excellent (18 points), good (15–17), fair (13–14), or poor (< 13) according to the modified Merle d’Aubigné-Postel scoring standard.

Results

All patients successfully completed the operation, and there was no blood vessel or nerve injury during any of the operations. The average follow-up period was 26.11 months. The mean time of resuming full-weight-bearing activities was 12.88 weeks. Hip flexion and extension and internal and external rotation ranges of motion significantly increased over time. At the last follow-up, Matta’s imaging evaluation showed that 24 cases were anatomically reduced, seven cases were satisfactory, and four cases were unsatisfactory. The satisfaction rate was 88.6% (31/35). According to the modified Merle d’Aubigné-Postel scoring standard, the hip function was excellent, good, fair, and poor in 23, 6, 4, and 2 cases, respectively. The excellent and good rates represented 82.9% of the total cases (29/35).

Conclusion

The findings suggest that the APWLP for acetabulum quadrilateral surface fracture achieve good to excellent clinical and radiological outcomes, and an APWLP may be a new treatment option for these fractures involving the quadrilateral surface.
One in five patients require conversion to arthroplasty after non-vascularized bone grafts in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a systematic review
Authors: Li Jianxiong , Mo Liang , Bai Guowen , Wang Zhangzheng , Zhang Hua , Li Jie
Published: January 2023

Background

Non-vascularized bone grafting (NVBG) has demonstrated to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). There are a number of articles updating the use of NVBG to treat the ONFH, but the percentage of patients subsequently undergoing a total hip arthroplasty (THA) is controversial.

Methods

Several electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases, were searched to find studies using NVBG to treat ONFH. The pooled rate and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the conversion rate to THA after NVBG. In addition, we performed subgroup, sensitivity, and publication bias analysis.

Results

A total of 37 studies describing 2599 hips were included. The mean weighted follow-up time was 50.5 months and the mean age at surgery was 36.3 years. The conversion rate to THA after NVBG was 21% (95%CI: 17% to 25%), and subgroup analyzes indicated lightbulb, trapdoor and Phemister techniques incidences with THA of 15%, 19%, and 24%, respectively.

Conclusions

This study preliminarily obtained the general trend of the survival rate of NVBG patients, but these results should be interpreted cautiously. Pooled results from 2599 hips and of these nearly 80% with early stage of osteonecrosis, showed that approximately 21% of patients underwent a THA following NVBG. NVBG treatment for patient with ONFH appears to defer or at least delay the need for THA.
Effectiveness of lyophilized growth factors injection for subacromial impingement syndrome: a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study
Authors: El-Sherif Sherine Mahmoud , Abdel-Hamid Mowaffak Moustafa , Noureldin Jailan Mohamed Ashraf Mohamed , Fahmy Hossam Moustafa , Abdel-Naby Hoda Mohamed Aly
Published: January 2023

Background

Platelet-derived lyophilized growth factors (L-GFs) use a standardized number of allogenic pathogen-free platelets instead of autologous platelets used in PRP as a source of growth factors. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of L-GF injection versus placebo in subacromial impingement (SIS) treatment.

Methods

The current randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study included sixty patients (40 females and 20 males, aged between 24 and 75 years) diagnosed with SIS (both clinically and sonographically). Patients were randomly assigned to two equal groups. Under ultrasound guidance, group 1 received subacromial saline injection, and group 2 received L-GF injection. Clinical examination, pain visual analogue scale (VAS), shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) and shoulder ultrasound were performed before and at the 8th week after injection.

Results

Follow-up assessment showed statistically significant improvement in the L-GF group regarding active flexion, active and passive internal rotation and extension, SPADI-disability scale, VAS and thickness of the supraspinatus tendon by US. Regression analysis showed that group 1 was approximately 30 times more likely than the L-GF group to experience painful arc at follow-up. Both groups showed statistically significant improvement in SPADI-pain scale and SPADI-total, flexion and abduction (still the mean value of abduction was significantly higher in the L-GF group).

Conclusions

L-GF injection resulted in clinically significant reductions in pain and functional disability outcomes in patients with SIS. An objective significant reduction in the thickness of the supraspinatus tendon, measured by ultrasound, in the L-GF group hopefully encourages proper healing and functioning in SIS.

Trial registration: The identification number is NCT04330027, date of first registration (01/04/2020). Unique on 21/11/2019, Protocol ID: 0106178.
Epidemiology of more than 50,000 ankle fractures in the Swedish Fracture Register during a period of 10 years
Authors: Rydberg Emilia Möller , Wennergren David , Stigevall Caroline , Ekelund Jan , Möller Michael
Published: January 2023

Background

Despite being one of the most common types of fracture, there is a lack of epidemiological studies involving ankle fractures of all kinds. Since 2012, the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR) has prospectively collected data on surgically and non-surgically treated ankle fractures. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of ankle fractures between 2012 and 2022.

Methods

All ankle fractures registered in the SFR between 1 April 2012 and 31 March 2022 in patients aged 16 years or older were included. Information on age, sex, mechanism of injury, fracture classification according to AO/OTA and high- or low-energy trauma was retrieved from the SFR.

Results

During the study period, 56,439 patients sustained 57,443 ankle fractures. Women (61%) were more commonly affected than men (39%). The mean age at the time of injury was 55 years. Men were found to be younger at the time of injury compared with women. Women were found to sustain open fractures more frequently, whereas the men more frequently sustained high-energy trauma. The most common mechanism of injury for all ankle fractures and for each AO/OTA44 fracture group separately was a simple fall. A seasonal variation in ankle fractures was found, where the number of ankle fractures peaked during the between November and March.

Conclusions

This study presents the epidemiology of all AO/OTA types of ankle fractures. We have demonstrated that most ankle fractures are caused by a simple fall and occur during wintertime. Women are more commonly affected than men and are older at the time of injury. These findings indicate that age-related skeletal fragility, as well as an increasing risk of simple falls in the elderly, may be risk factors for ankle fractures. This study will contribute to the planning of primary prevention for ankle fractures.
Glutamate dehydrogenase hyperinsulinism: mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Zeng Qiao , Sang Yan-Mei
Published: January 2023

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a genetically heterogeneous disease, in which intractable, persistent hypoglycemia is induced by excessive insulin secretion and increased serum insulin concentration. To date,15 genes have been found to be associated with the pathogenesis of CHI. Glutamate dehydrogenase hyperinsulinism (GDH-HI) is the second most common type of CHI and is caused by mutations in the glutamate dehydrogenase 1 gene. The objective of this review is to summarize the genetic mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment progress of GDH-HI. Early diagnosis and treatment are extremely important to prevent long-term neurological complications in children with GDH-HI.
Trem2 H157Y increases soluble TREM2 production and reduces amyloid pathology
Authors: Qiao Wenhui , Chen Yixing , Zhong Jun , Madden Benjamin J. , Charlesworth Cristine M. , Martens Yuka A. , Liu Chia-Chen , Knight Joshua , Ikezu Tadafumi C. , Kurti Aishe , Zhu Yiyang , Meneses Axel , Rosenberg Cassandra L. , Kuchenbecker Lindsey A. , Vanmaele Lucy K. , Li Fuyao , Chen Kai , Shue Francis , Dacquel Maxwell V. , Fryer John , Pandey Akhilesh , Zhao Na , Bu Guojun
Published: January 2023

Background

The rare p.H157Y variant of TREM2 (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2) was found to increase Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. This mutation is located at the cleavage site of TREM2 extracellular domain. Ectopic expression of TREM2-H157Y in HEK293 cells resulted in increased TREM2 shedding. However, the physiological outcomes of the TREM2 H157Y mutation remain unknown in the absence and presence of AD related pathologies.

Methods

We generated a novel Trem2 H157Y knock-in mouse model through CRISPR/Cas9 technology and investigated the effects of Trem2 H157Y on TREM2 proteolytic processing, synaptic function, and AD-related amyloid pathologies by conducting biochemical assays, targeted mass spectrometry analysis of TREM2, hippocampal electrophysiology, immunofluorescent staining, in vivo micro-dialysis, and cortical bulk RNA sequencing.

Results

Consistent with previous in vitro findings, Trem2 H157Y increases TREM2 shedding with elevated soluble TREM2 levels in the brain and serum. Moreover, Trem2 H157Y enhances synaptic plasticity without affecting microglial density and morphology, or TREM2 signaling. In the presence of amyloid pathology, Trem2 H157Y accelerates amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance and reduces amyloid burden, dystrophic neurites, and gliosis in two independent founder lines. Targeted mass spectrometry analysis of TREM2 revealed higher ratios of soluble to full-length TREM2-H157Y compared to wild-type TREM2, indicating that the H157Y mutation promotes TREM2 shedding in the presence of Aβ. TREM2 signaling was further found reduced in Trem2 H157Y homozygous mice. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that Trem2 H157Y downregulates neuroinflammation-related genes and an immune module correlated with the amyloid pathology.

Conclusion

Taken together, our findings suggest beneficial effects of the Trem2 H157Y mutation in synaptic function and in mitigating amyloid pathology. Considering the genetic association of TREM2 p.H157Y with AD risk, we speculate TREM2 H157Y in humans might increase AD risk through an amyloid-independent pathway, such as its effects on tauopathy and neurodegeneration which merit further investigation.
CD146 expression profile in human skin and pre-vascularized dermo-epidermal skin substitutes in vivo
Authors: Nanni Monica , Rütsche Dominic , Bächler Curdin , Pontiggia Luca , Klar Agnes S. , Moehrlen Ueli , Biedermann Thomas
Published: January 2023

Background

CD146 is a cell adhesion molecule whose expression profile in human skin has not yet been elucidated. Here, we characterize CD146 expression pattern in human skin, in particular in blood endothelial cells (BECs) and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), which constitute human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs), as well as in perivascular cells.

Results

We demonstrated that CD146 is a specific marker of BECs, but not of LECs. Moreover, we found CD146 expression also in human pericytes surrounding blood capillaries in human skin. In addition, we demonstrated that CD146 expression is up-regulated by the TNFα-IL-1β/NF-kB axis in both BECs and pericytes. Finally, we engineered 3D collagen hydrogels composed of HDMECs, CD146+ pericytes, and fibroblasts which developed, in vitro and in vivo, a complete microvasculature network composed of blood and lymphatic capillaries with pericytes investing blood capillaries.

Conclusions

Overall, our results proved that CD146 is a specific marker of BECs and pericytes, but not LECs in human skin. Further, the combination of CD146+ pericytes with HDMECs in skin substitutes allowed to bioengineer a comprehensive 3D in vitro and in vivo model of the human dermal microvasculature.
Expression of hormone receptors is associated with specific immunological profiles of the breast cancer microenvironment
Authors: Hanamura Toru , Kitano Shigehisa , Kagamu Hiroshi , Yamashita Makiko , Terao Mayako , Okamura Takuho , Kumaki Nobue , Hozumi Katsuto , Iwamoto Takayuki , Honda Chikako , Kurozumi Sasagu , Niikura Naoki
Published: January 2023

Background

Elucidating the unique immunoregulatory mechanisms in breast cancer microenvironment may help develop new therapeutic strategies. Some studies have suggested that hormone receptors also have immune regulatory functions, but their mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we have comprehensively analyzed the relationship between the expressions of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PgR), and androgen receptors (AR), and the immunological profile in breast cancer.

Methods

Using publicly available gene expression profile datasets, METABRIC and SCAN-B, the associations between the expressions of hormone receptors and the immune cell compositions in breast cancer tissue, estimated by CIBERSORTx algorithm, were analyzed. We histologically evaluated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (hTIL), PD-L1 (hPD-L1) expression, and the infiltration of 11 types of immune cells by flow cytometry (FCM) for 45 breast cancer tissue samples. The relationships between them and the expressions of ER, PgR, and AR of tumor tissues, evaluated immunohistochemically, were analyzed.

Results

Expressions ofESR1,PGR, andARwere negatively correlated with overall immune composition. Expressions of ER and AR, but not that of PgR, were inversely associated with hTIL and hPD-L1 expression. FCM analysis showed that the expressions of ER and AR, but not that of PgR, were associated with decreased total leukocyte infiltration. Both CIBERSORTx and FCM analysis showed that ER expression was associated with reduced infiltration of macrophages and CD4+ T cells and that of AR with reduced macrophage infiltration.

Conclusion

Hormone receptor expression correlates with specific immunological profiles in the breast cancer microenvironment both at the gene and protein expression levels.
EffEctiveness of Prophylactic fOam dressings in the prevention of saCral pressure injuries in at-risk hospitalised patients: the EEPOC trial
Authors: Walker R. M. , Chaboyer W. , Cooke M. , Whitty J. A. , Thalib L. , Lockwood I. , Latimer S. , Campbell J. , Probert R. , Gillespie B. M.
Published: January 2023

Background

Prophylactic dressings are increasingly used to prevent pressure injuries in hospitalised patients. However, evidence regarding the effectiveness of these dressings is still emerging. This trial aims to determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a prophylactic silicone foam border dressing in preventing sacral pressure injuries in medical-surgical patients.

Methods

This is a multicentre, pragmatic, parallel group, randomised controlled trial. A sample size of 1320 was calculated to have >90% power to detect a 5% difference in the primary outcome at an alpha of 0.05. Adult patients admitted to participating medical-surgical wards are screened for eligibility: ≥18 years, admitted to hospital within the previous 36 h, expected length of stay of ≥24 h, and assessed high risk for hospital-acquired pressure injury. Consenting participants are randomly allocated to either prophylactic silicone foam dressing intervention or usual care without any dressing as the control group via a web-based randomisation service independent of the trial. Patients are enrolled across three Australian hospitals. The primary outcome is the cumulative incidence of patients who develop a sacral pressure injury. Secondary outcomes include the time to sacral pressure injury, incidence of severity (stage) of sacral pressure injury, cost-effectiveness of dressings, and process evaluation. Participant outcomes are assessed daily for up to 14 days by blinded independent outcome assessors using de-identified, digitally modified sacral photographs. Those who develop a sacral pressure injury are followed for an additional 14 days to estimate costs of pressure injury treatment. Analysis of clinical outcomes will be based on intention-to-treat, per-protocol, and sensitivity analyses.

Discussion

This trial aims to provide definitive evidence on the effect prophylactic dressings have on the development of hospital-acquired sacral pressure injuries in medical-surgical patients. A parallel economic evaluation of pressure injury prevention and treatment will enable evidence-informed decisions and policy. The inclusion of a process evaluation will help to explain the contextual factors that may have a bearing on trial results including the acceptability of the dressings to patients and staff. The trial commenced 5 March 2020 and has been significantly delayed due to COVID-19.

Trial registration

ANZCTR ACTRN12619000763145. Prospectively registered on 22 May 2019
Long-term secular trends in dermatomyositis and polymyositis mortality in the USA from 1981 to 2020 according to underlying and multiple cause of death mortality data
Authors: Qiao Pengyan , Guo Qianyu , Gao Jinfang , Ma Dan , Liu Sumiao , Gao Xiang , Lu Tsung-Hsueh , Zhang Liyun
Published: January 2023

Background

People
with dermatomyositis (DM) or polymyositis (PM) often die from cancer, pulmonary, cardiac complications, or infections. In such cases, DM or PM might not be designated as the underlying cause of death (UCD) for mortality tabulation. In this study, we investigated DM/PM mortality trends in the USA from 1981 to 2020 with respect to UCD and multiple causes of death (MCD) data.

Methods

We used the MCD data to identify all deaths with DM or PM mentioned anywhere on the death certificate and as the UCD in the USA from 1981–1982 to 2019–2020. We calculated age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) and annual percentage changes (APCs) based on joinpoint regression analysis.

Results

We identified 12,249 (3985 with DM and 7097 with PM) and 23,608 (8264 with DM and 15,344 with PM) people who died between 1981 and 2020 according to the UCD and MCD data, respectively. For DM, the APC was − 6.7% (from 1981–1982 to 1985–1986), − 0.1% (from 1985–1986 to 2003–2004), and − 1.9% (from 2003–2004 to 2019–2020) according UCD and was − 1.2% (from 1981–1982 to 2003–2004), − 2.5% (from 2003–2004 to 2015–2016), and 2.8% (from 2015–2016 to 2019–2020) according MCD. For PM, the APC was 1.9% (from 1981–1982 to 1989–1990), − 2.3% (from 1989–1990 to 2005–2006), and − 5.2% (from 2005–2006 to 2019–2020) according UCD and was 1.3% (from 1981–1982 to 1991–1992) and − 4.1% (from 1991–1992 to 2019–2020) according MCD.

Conclusion

We identified two times as many DM/PM deaths using the MCD as those identified using the UCD. Similar downward DM/PM mortality trends were noted according to UCD and MCD. However, the year of significant decline in PM mortality was about 10 years earlier according to MCD than those according to UCD.
Variations in cumulative workload and anaerobic power in adolescent elite male football players: associations with biological maturation
Authors: Nobari Hadi , Gorouhi Armin , Mallo Javier , Lozano Demetrio , Prieto-González Pablo , Mainer-Pardos Elena
Published: January 2023

Background

It is considered that the maturity condition of young football players is related to their physical performance during short high-intensity efforts dependent on anaerobic power ability. Hence, the aim was to determine possible relationships between maturity status and training intensity by measuring the footballer´s peak height velocity (PHV), maturity offset and anaerobic power.

Methods

Seventeen youth male players of different playing positions participated in the study and performed tests at three different stages of the season (early-, mid- and end-season) All the anthropometric parameters and biomarkers related to maturation were controlled during the season. The training intensity and load was monitored and the anaerobic power of the players was assessed by a running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST).

Results

The analysis of all the recorded data revealed a positive relationship between PHV and anaerobic power in the early- and end-season stages (p < 0.05). Maturity offset and anaerobic power (mean RAST) showed an absolute correlation in early- and end -season stages (r: − 0.39 to 0.91). The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that min RAST was the best predictor for both PHV and maturity offset. The analysis of the training intensity and workloads showed a positive effect on the performance in the fitness test (p < 0.05). Additionally, players experienced less fatigue at the end-season stage than at the early-season.

Conclusions

The results show that coaches might benefit from monitoring training loads and the maturity status of the players in order to enhance their physical performance during the season.
Epigenetic aging in patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease: results of the LipidCardio study
Authors: Banszerus Verena Laura , König Maximilian , Landmesser Ulf , Vetter Valentin Max , Demuth Ilja
Published: January 2023

Introduction

People age biologically at different rates. Epigenetic clock-derived DNA methylation age acceleration (DNAmAA) is among the most promising markers proposed to assess the interindividual differences in biological age. Further research is needed to evaluate the characteristics of the different epigenetic clock biomarkers available with respect to the health domains they reflect best.

Methods

In this study, we have analyzed 779 participants of the LipidCardio study (mean chronological age 69.9 ± 11.0 years, 30.6% women) who underwent diagnostic angiography at the Charité University Hospital in Berlin, Germany. DNA methylation age (DNAm age) was measured by methylation-sensitive single nucleotide primer extension (MS-SNuPE) and calculated with the 7-CpG clock. We compared the biological age as assessed as DNAmAA of participants with an angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD,n = 554) with participants with lumen reduction of 50% or less (n = 90) and patients with a normal angiogram (n = 135).

Results

Participants with a confirmed CAD had on average a 2.5-year higher DNAmAA than patients with a normal angiogram. This association did not persist after adjustment for sex in a logistic regression analysis. High-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, lipoprotein (a), estimated glomerular filtration rate, physical activity, BMI, alcohol consumption, and smoking were not associated with DNAmAA.

Conclusion

The association between higher DNAmAA and angiographically confirmed CAD seems to be mainly driven by sex.
Penile gangrene due to improper application of a condom catheter: a case report
Authors: Chaker Kays , Ouanes Yassine , Rinchi Makram , Cherni Nizar , Bibi Mokhtar , Dali Kheireddine Mrad , Nouira Yassine
Published: January 2023

Background

Fournier’s gangrene is a rare, fulminant, and usually localized necrotizing soft tissue polymicrobial infection of the perineum, with occasional extension up to the abdominal wall.

Case presentation

We describe an unusual case of penile gangrene in a 64-year-old Tunisian man suffering from urinary incontinence secondary to cerebrovascular accident. Gangrene developed due to continuous tourniquet effect on the penis caused by a condom catheter. Although source control was achieved with aggressive debridement, careful wound care, and wide-spectrum antibiotherapy, the patient died due to septic shock.

Conclusion

Use of condom catheters is not without complications. Careful placement, strict hygiene, and regular monitoring of the local condition are necessary.
Book review of Masters of the Steppe: The Impact of the Scythians and Later Nomad Societies of Eurasia edited by Svetlana V Pankova and St John Simpson
Authors: Bendrey Robin
Published: January 2023

Book details

Svetlana V Pankova and St John Simpson (eds.) Masters of the Steppe: the Impact of the Scythians and Later Nomad Societies of Eurasia. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2020. Paperback; 802 pages; 604 figures, 21 tables, ISBN: 978-1-78969-647-9
A review of collaborative research practices with Indigenous Peoples in engineering, energy, and infrastructure development in Canada
Authors: Dimayuga Pia , Sur Shakya , Choi Alex , Greenwood Heather L. , Galloway Tracey , Bilton Amy M.
Published: January 2023

Background

Indigenous Peoples in Canada have survived hundreds of years of colonization and systematic exploitation, including actions carried out in the pursuit of energy resources and infrastructure development in traditional Indigenous territories. Research has been a tool in this exploitation through its legacy of research ‘on’ rather than ‘with’ Indigenous Peoples. As societies grapple with reconciliation, including how to build partnerships for sustainable land and energy development, engineering and technical research must use respectful approaches that centre on Indigenous Peoples and Indigenous Knowledge Systems.

Main text

This preliminary review aims to be a step to address the lack of literature on respectful research with Indigenous Peoples within the context of engineering, energy, and infrastructure. To this end, we: (a) summarize three key frameworks that have been used in technical research projects for carrying out research respectfully, as defined by Indigenous and Indigenist ways of knowing and doing (Research is Ceremony, Two-Eyed Seeing, and doing research in a “Good Way”) and derive from them overarching principles; (b) identify a sample of 13 engineering, energy and infrastructure research projects that report using an Indigenous-centred approach. These relate to five technical areas, whose relevance to Indigenous communities was verified through community partners: water, energy, housing, telecommunications, and food systems; (c) assess the extent to which these 13 projects applied the principles of respectful research when working with Indigenous communities. Among the 13 projects identified, it is evident that some researchers in the fields of engineering, energy, and infrastructure are struggling and striving to engage respectfully with Indigenous communities. However, few include full details of their relationships and interactions with Indigenous communities in their published work.

Conclusions

These findings suggest a lack of details on respectful collaboration with Indigenous communities in technical literature. Gaps include a scarcity of evidence that Indigenous communities were involved in high-level decision-making or provided post-project feedback. Further work is needed to embed respectful research principles into the training, processes, and institutions of technical fields. This is essential to ensure ethical partnerships between technical researchers and Indigenous communities.
Pan-cancer patterns of cuproptosis markers reveal biologically and clinically relevant cancer subtypes
Authors: Bu Fanqin , Li Xiangji , Zhao Yu , Bai Liyi , Zhang Shutian , Min Li
Published: January 2023

Cuproptosis is a newly discovered type of cell death triggered by copper accumulation. Here we exhibited the genetic profiles of 10 cuproptosis-associated genes (CuAGs) across 21 cancer types. Only 8.0% (627/7839) of tumors possessed at least 1 mutation on CuAGs, while the copy number amplifications or deletions on the alleles of CuAGs were ubiquitous. Generally, the expression of CuAGs showed heterogeneity across cancer types and the expression of CuAGs showed different correlations with MSI, TMB, immune and stromal features in different cancer types. Therefore, CuAGs were ubiquitously and heterogeneously dysregulated in pan-cancer. With a Non-negative Matrix Factorization method, we divided patients of each cancer type into cuproptosis-based subtypes, which showed a close but heterogeneous correlation with different biological and clinical features. Accordingly, we summarized all cancer types into four categories. The cancers in which cuproptosis subtypes correlated with MSI and TMB were annotated as Genomic disturbed. Those correlated with stromal scores were categorized as Stromal remolded. The others only associated with immune infiltration were labeled as Immune inhibited. A minor fraction of cancers not correlated with any biological indicators were marked as Cuproptosis inert. Together, we provided a pan-cancer overview of cuproptosis markers which revealed biologically and clinically relevant cancer subtypes in different cancers.
Identification of cerebral spinal fluid protein biomarkers in Niemann-Pick disease, type C1
Authors: Campbell Kiersten , Cawley Niamh X. , Luke Rachel , Scott Katelin E. J. , Johnson Nicholas , Farhat Nicole Y. , Alexander Derek , Wassif Christopher A. , Li Wenping , Cologna Stephanie M. , Berry-Kravis Elizabeth , Do An Dang , Dale Ryan K. , Porter Forbes D.
Published: January 2023

Background

Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1) is an ultrarare, recessive, lethal, lysosomal disease characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia and cognitive impairment. Although the NPC1 phenotype is heterogeneous with variable age of onset, classical NPC1 is a pediatric disorder. Currently there are no therapies approved by the FDA and therapeutics trials for NPC1 are complicated by disease rarity, heterogeneity, and the relatively slow rate of neurological decline. Thus, identification of disease relevant biomarkers is necessary to provide tools that can support drug development efforts for this devastating neurological disease.

Methods

Proximal extension assays (O-link® Explore 1536) were used to compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from individuals with NPC1 enrolled in a natural history study and non-NPC1 comparison samples. Relative expression levels of 1467 proteins were determined, and candidate protein biomarkers were identified by evaluating fold-change and adjusted Kruskal–Wallis test p-values. Selected proteins were orthogonally confirmed using ELISA. To gain insight into disease progression and severity we evaluated the altered protein expression with respect to clinically relevant phenotypic aspects: NPC Neurological Severity Score (NPC1 NSS), Annual Severity Increment Score (ASIS) and age of neurological onset.

Results

This study identified multiple proteins with altered levels in CSF from individuals with NPC1 compared to non-NPC1 samples. These included proteins previously shown to be elevated in NPC1 (NEFL, MAPT, CHIT1, CALB1) and additional proteins confirmed by orthogonal assays (PARK7, CALB2/calretinin, CHI3L1/YKL-40, MIF, CCL18 and ENO2). Correlations with clinically relevant phenotypic parameters demonstrated moderate negative (p = 0.0210,r = -0.41) and possible moderate positive (p = 0.0631,r = 0.33) correlation of CSF CALB2 levels with age of neurological onset and ASIS, respectively. CSF CHI3L1 levels showed a moderate positive (p = 0.0183,r = 0.40) correlation with the concurrent NPC1 NSS. A strong negative correlation (p = 0.0016,r = -0.648) was observed between CSF CCL18 and age of neurological onset for childhood/adolescent cases. CSF CCL18 levels also showed a strong positive correlation (p = 0.0017,r = 0.61) with ASIS.

Conclusion

Our study identified and validated multiple proteins in CSF from individuals with NPC1 that are candidates for further investigation in a larger cohort. These analytes may prove to be useful as supportive data in therapeutic trials.

Trial registrations

NCT00344331, NCT00001721, NCT02931682.
Compost-derived thermophilic microorganisms producing glycoside hydrolase activities as new potential biocatalysts for sustainable processes
Authors: Finore Ilaria , Leone Luigi , Gioiello Alessia , Romano Ida , Cangemi Silvana , Mazzei Pierluigi , Piccolo Alessandro , Cattaneo Andrea , Nicolaus Barbara , Kambourova Margarita , Poli Annarita , Lama Licia
Published: January 2023

Background

The management of the organic waste recycling process determines the interest in the thermophiles microorganisms involved in composting. Although many microbial enzymes have been isolated and studied for their industrial and commercial uses, there is still a continuous search for microorganisms which could synthesize industrially feasible enzymes, especially when the microbial diversity of cow dung itself makes a potential source of biotechnological enzymes.

Results

The composting process studied at the Experimental Station of the University of Naples Federico II (Castel Volturno, Caserta, Italy) was characterized by fresh saw dust 40%, bovine manure 58%, and 2% mature compost as raw organic substrates, and its thermophilic phase exceeded a temperature of 55 °C for at least 5 days, thus achieving sanitation. Six microbial strains were isolated and designated as follow: CV1-1, CV1-2, CV2-1, CV2-2, CV2-3 and CV2-4. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, HRMAS–NMR spectroscopy, and biochemical investigations, they were ascribed to the genera Geobacillus and Bacillus. All the microbial isolates were qualitatively screened on plates for the presence of hydrolytic activities, and they were quantitatively screened in liquid for glycoside hydrolase enzymes in the extracellular, cell-bound, and cytosolic fractions. Based on these results, strains CV2-1 and CV2-3 were also quantitatively screened for the presence of cellulase and pectinase activities, and pH and temperature optimum plus thermostability of cellulase from CV2-1 were analyzed.

Conclusions

The isolation and the identification of these thermophilic microorganisms such as Geobacillus toebii, Geobacillus galactosidasius, Bacillus composti, Bacillus thermophilus and Aeribacillus composti have allowed the study of the biodiversity of compost, with emphasis on their primary metabolome through an innovative and underutilized technique, that is HRMAS–NMR, also highlighting it as a novel approach to bacterial cell analysis. Subsequently, this study has permitted the identification of enzymatic activities able to degrade cellulose and other polymeric substrates, such as the one investigated from strain CV2-1, which could be interesting from an industrial and a biotechnological point of view, furthermore, increasing the knowledge for potential applicability in different industrial fields as an efficient and environmentally friendly technique.

Graphical Abstract
Control of Meloidogyne javanica with Pleurotus djamor spent mushroom substrate
Authors: Lopes Ana Daniela , de Melo Santana Gomes Simone , Schwengber Raiane Pereira , Carpi Maria Claudia Guimarães , Dias-Arieira Claudia Regina
Published: January 2023

Background

The interest in the development of products that cause less damage to the environment associated with the loss of efficiency of chemical nematicides for the control management of nematodes is growing. Thus, the adoption of biological control or the use of biopesticides are excellent options for these products like those based on chemical compounds, such as commercial pesticides and anthelmintic (AH) drugs. Spent mushroom substrate (SMS), a product of the mushroom production industry, has great potential for biological control due to its high levels of mycelium, residual enzymes, high humidity and unique microbiota that may contain other nematode antagonists. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) from Pleurotus djamor cultivation in the control of Meloidogyne javanica in lettuce and assess its effects on plant resistance enzymes and soil biological activity.

Results

SMS reduced by 98.68% the nematode reproduction, and a plateau was reached at SMS concentrations above 15%. For the population density of nematode (nematode g-1 root), this reduction was 99,75%. Higher concentrations of SMS caused phytotoxicity in lettuce, with reduction of vegetative variables, chlorophyll content and nitrogen balance in the leaves; however, SMS increased the anthocyanin content. Guaiacol peroxidase activity was the highest in treatments containing 0% and 30% SMS and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity was the highest in the 60% SMS treatment, suggesting induction of resistance to M. javanica. The maximum soil basal respiration was estimated to be achieved with 25.75% SMS, whereas the maximum soil metabolic quotient was estimated to be achieved with 8.8% SMS. Soil biomass carbon increased with increasing SMS proportion.

Conclusions

Spent substrate from P. djamor cultivation incorporated in soil at proportions of 15, 30, 45 and 60% is efficient in controlling M. javanica in lettuce.

Graphical Abstract
Effects of sulfur supply on cadmium transfer and concentration in rice at different growth stages exposed to sulfur-deficient but highly cadmium-contaminated soil
Authors: Li Songyan , Wang Guoxi , Yang Xiaosong , Ke Xianlin , Huang Lijuan , Li Yifei , Qiu Yanhua , Tao Mingming , Hu Zhengyi
Published: January 2023

Background

Sulfur (S) has been widely used to alleviate cadmium (Cd) toxicity and control Cd accumulation in rice under waterlogging conditions. However, the results are contradictory, and the reasons remain unclear. This could be because most studies rarely simultaneously monitor the processes of S-induced soil Cd bioavailability and Cd accumulation in rice throughout its growth period. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of two sulfur levels (0, and 30 mg S kg−1) on Cd concentration and translocation in rice at three growth stages (booting, filling and maturity) under waterlogging conditions. Paddy soil deficient in S but contaminated with Cd (10.16 mg Cd kg−1) was used for the pot experiment.

Results

S application increased concentrations of Cd in grain at the filling stage partially because S induced the promotion of Cd transfer from roots to stems, leaves, and grains, and S induced the accumulation and fixation of Cd in iron plaques at the filling stage. However, the application of S significantly reduced Cd concentrations in brown rice at the maturity stage, which could be attributed to three aspects, as described below. First, S supply reduced the availability of Cd in soil and iron plaque on the root surface by reducing dissolved Cd in soil pore water and transferring Cd from iron plaque on the root surface to roots. Second, S supply inhibited the transfer of Cd in other tissues to brown rice based on Cd transfer factors from roots, stems, leaves, and husks to brown rice, which were obviously lower with S supply than without S supply at the maturity stage. Third, S induced the dilution of Cd in brown rice because the application of S significantly increased brown rice biomass by 215%.

Conclusions

A S-induced decline in Cd accumulation in brown rice was related to S-regulated Cd transfer among rice plants, S-induced promotion of rice growth and a decrease in Cd bioavailability in S-deficient but Cd-contaminated paddy soil under waterlogging conditions. This study provides valuable information for growing rice in low-S and Cd-contaminated paddy soil and reducing the risk of Cd in rice to humans.

Graphical abstract
Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment with biotechnology
Authors: Kim Minjeong , Lee Na Kyeong , Wang Chi-Pin James , Lim Jaesung , Byun Min Ji , Kim Tae-Hyung , Park Wooram , Park Dae-Hwan , Kim Se-Na , Park Chun Gwon
Published: January 2023

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a unique environment that is developed by the tumor and controlled by tumor-induced interactions with host cells during tumor progression. The TME includes immune cells, which can be classified into two types: tumor- antagonizing and tumor-promoting immune cells. Increasing the tumor treatment responses is associated with the tumor immune microenvironment. Targeting the TME has become a popular topic in research, which includes polarizing macrophage phenotype 2 into macrophage phenotype 1 using Toll-like receptor agonists with cytokines, anti-CD47, and anti-SIPRα. Moreover, inhibiting regulatory T cells through blockades and depletion restricts immunosuppressive cells in the TME. Reprogramming T cell infiltration and T cell exhaustion improves tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, such as CD8
+
or CD4
+
T cells. Targeting metabolic pathways, including glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolisms, can suppress tumor growth by restricting the absorption of nutrients and adenosine triphosphate energy into tumor cells. In conclusion, these TME reprogramming strategies exhibit more effective responses using combination treatments, biomaterials, and nanoparticles. This review highlights how biomaterials and immunotherapy can reprogram TME and improve the immune activity.
Clinical and biochemical features of hypokalemic paralysis: a study from rural Eastern India
Authors: Ganie Hilal Ahmad , Dar Waseem Raja , Bhattacharya Annada Prasad , Yaqoob Arjimand
Published: January 2023

Background

Hypokalemic paralysis is characterized by episodic attacks of flaccid muscle weakness of variable duration and severity associated with hypokalemia. Overall, there is a scarcity of data regarding hypokalemic paralysis from Indian subcontinent particularly from rural areas.

Methods

A total of 50 consecutive patients of hypokalemic paralysis who were admitted in our hospital were recruited in this study.

Results

Fifty patients of hypokalemic paralysis were admitted to our department over a period of 4 years. Forty-two (84%) patients presented with classic acute onset quadriparesis, while eight patients had atypical presentation. Five patients had paraparesis, two had hemiparesis and one patient presented with isolated neck muscle weakness without any limb weakness. Thirty-two patients had primary hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HoPP) and 18 had secondary hypokalemic paralysis. There was no significant difference in severity of weakness (p = 0.53), number of episodes of weakness (p = 0.66) and serum CPK levels (p = 0.36) between primary and secondary hypokalemic paralysis. Secondary cases required significantly prolonged time for recovery as well as higher potassium supplements as compared to the primary HoPP. The severity of weakness of proximal muscles measured in MRC grading showed a significant correlation with serum potassium levels (p = 0.010), but did not show any correlation with CPK Levels (p = 0.86).

Conclusion

Hypokalemic paralysis is an important cause of acute flaccid paralysis in the Emergency Room that often improves dramatically with potassium supplements. While secondary cases often require treatment of underlying etiology, primary hypokalemic paralysis often requires chronic treatment with acetazolamide and/or potassium-sparing diuretics.
Translating One Health knowledge across different institutional and political contexts in Europe
Authors: Humboldt-Dachroeden Sarah
Published: January 2023

Background

Implementing a One Health approach is complex. It demands engaging different sectors and actors in the promotion and protection of human, animal and environmental health. A key challenge for successfully implementing the One Health approach are knowledge translation processes among scientists and policy-makers.

Methods

An online survey reached 104 experts from 23 European countries, working at national agencies or institutes, universities, ministries, non-governmental organisations (World Health Organization, World Organisation for Animal Health), and European Union (EU) agencies. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to describe experts’ perceptions.

Results

This study indicated a lack of networks among scientists and between scientists and policy-makers. Relations of scientists and policy-makers were perceived as challenging due to different interests and priorities, leading to difficulties in reaching political attention for One Health topics. It also highlighted a favoured attention to some One Health topics (e.g. antimicrobial resistance) as opposed to others (e.g. environmental issues). Important international actors to push One Health policies forward were the Quadripartite organisations and EU agencies. National actors (government agencies, national research institutes, universities) were on average perceived to be more important than international actors due to their roles and influences. Factors influencing the knowledge translation process were the different languages spoken by scientists as well as politicians, and an equivocal understanding of the One Health approach.

Conclusion

The study shows the importance of leadership to establish interdisciplinary networks and to problematise One Health issues with clear scope and targets. This will help to link knowledge to needs and capabilities of policy-makers. Establishing strong relationships among national and international actors can encourage networks and raise awareness of the One Health approach to policy-makers. Lastly, promoting research communication skills of scientists can provide a valuable tool to reach policy-makers to enhance attention to One Health topics.