bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRECISING METEOR VELOCITY AS A RANDOM VALUE BY THEORETICAL CALCULATION OF ITS PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, KOZAK Pavlo
Published: November 2024

When processing the results of simultaneous double-station video observations of meteors and subsequent cataloging of their kinematic parameters, the accuracy of the obtained results, that is, the error of each parameter, is important. The most important characteristic of a meteor is its velocity, because it affects the accuracy of determining the semi-major axis and the eccentricity of the heliocentric orbit of the meteoroid – on the one hand, and on the physics of the meteor motion in the atmosphere – on the other. Since after calculating the velocity vector direction, the velocity vector sizes can be searched “independently” (the results will be partially correlated) for each of the points, it is suggested to use these two values ​​to precize the velocity of the meteor, for example, finding its weighted average value. Earlier, we proposed to search all meteor kinematic parameters as random variables by Monte Carlo method, obtaining probability density distributions for each parameter. Since when calculating the meteor velocity in this way, we get two distributions for each of the observation points, it is suggested to find their section as a product of two input distributions with further normalization of its area by one. At first, a scheme for multiplying histograms was implemented, which was not very convenient because it gave a large scatter of the points of the resulting distribution. In this work, it is proposed to use the fact that both input velocity distributions are of normal type with high probability (probability 0.998 within three standard deviations) and to use the multiplication of analytical functions of the normal distribution, the result of which will also be a Gaussian function. Appropriate theoretical calculations were made, and this approach was tested on an individual meteor. It is shown that the scheme is mathematically and physically justified and gives effective results.
AEROSOL PARTICLES IN THE STRATOSPHERE: ORIGIN, COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, DANYLEVSKY Vassyl , MOZGOVA Alona ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2024

The Earth’s atmosphere is one of the key elements of the solar-terrestrial relations influencing on redistribution the solar shortwave radiation and creating effect known as an greenhouse effect. This paper makes relevant the aerosol study in the Earth’s stratosphere and highlights the main problems of quantitative determination of the climate effects of aerosols. The stratosphere is an important part of the Earth’s atmosphere that has a significant influence on the Earth’s climate as a planet. Stratospheric aerosol particles may also have an important role in climate formation despite their low concentration compared to the tropospheric aerosol. The problems associated with the climate change in the modern epoch encourage the search of possible mechanisms of engineering influence on the atmosphere environment, in particular by artificially increasing the aerosols content in the stratosphere. Therefore, the continuous monitoring of the aerosol layer properties, in particular in the stratosphere, is the relevant field of scientific researches. The article provides an overview of aerosol particles remote sensing in the stratosphere from both the Earth’s surface and near-Earth orbit, emphasizes the importance of determining the optical properties of the stratospheric aerosols, in particular the extinction coefficient and optical depth as well as determining the size distribution of aerosol particles and the complex refractive index. The paper provides an overview of works which present the values of these parameters obtained by various methods and from different places on the Earth’s surface. The considered observational data is mostly spatially averaged over a long time period. Despite the still insufficient accuracy of modern instruments for aerosol studying in the stratosphere, their results show that the aerosol particles content in the stratosphere varies significantly and mainly depends on volcanic activity. The article presents the analysis of the already known data on the optical parameters of the aerosol, in particular its optical depth that can be in the order of values 0.001–0.01 at the height range from the troposphere to about 30 km in the short-wavelength part of the optical spectrum even after volcanic eruptions. Only very powerful eruptions, for example, El Chichon or Pinatubo volcanoes, can increase this value to 0.1–0.3, but such eruptions are rare with intervals of many years. The paper notes the importance of increasing the accuracy of measurements and improving methods of inverse problem solving for estimating the climate effects of stratospheric aerosols. The generalized values of the optical depth for different spectrum parts and other aerosol parameters in the stratosphere, given in the article, determine the requirements for the design and parameters of instruments to improve the efficiency of these researches.
HIDDEN MANIFESTATIONS OF THE PASCHEN-BACK EFFECT IN D1 AND D2 LINES IN THE SPECTRUM OF A SUNSPOT WITHOUT FLARES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, YAKOVKIN Ivan , LOZITSKA Natalia ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, LOZITSKY Vsevolod ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2024

The results of measurements of the magnetic splittings of the D1, D2, and Ni I 5892.9 Å lines in the spectrum of the sunspot on July 24, 2023, in which there were no solar flares at the time of observation, are given. The observational material was obtained with the Echelle spectrograph of the horizontal solar telescope of the Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University. It turned out that in some locations of the sunspot, the measured spliting of the specified lines are practically the same, and in others they are significantly different. This indicates the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field, because with a uniform field, these splitting should differ everywhere by the same amount, depending on the Lande factors of these lines. If we assume that these factors correspond to LS coupling for all lines, then we have the following contradiction: the photospheric line NiI 5892.9 Å shows a magnetic field intermediate in magnitude between lines D1 and D2. Physically, this is unreal in the case of a uniform magnetic field; if the magnetic field weakens with height, then the nickel line should show a stronger field than both sodium lines. More realistic estimates of the magnetic field are obtained with empirical Lande factors for lines D1 and D2, corresponding to the Paschen-Back effect in these lines. However, even in this case, line D2 with a smaller Lande factor (gemp = 1.22) shows a stronger measured magnetic field in some places of the spot than line D1 with a larger Lande factor (gemp = 1.36). This is possible when the local magnetic fields in the studied spot were much stronger than according to direct measurements. Evaluation of such fields can be carried out on the basis of modeling by the “line ratio” method, which is planned to be done in the next study.
The influence of the combination of methanolic extract Scurrula atropurpurea (Blume) and Dendrophthoe pentandra on rat liver function and structure
Authors: Athiroh N. , Mubarakati N. J. , Purnomo Yu.
Published: November 2024

Background. Tea mistletoe (Scurrula atropurpurea (Blume)) and mango mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra) have been known as a potential medicine for several diseases.

Objective: to investigate the effect of the combination of methanolic extract Scurrula atropurpurea (Blume) and Dendrophthoe pentandra (MESA-DP) on rat liver function and structure using serological and histopathological analysis.

Material and methods. This study was experimental during 28 days using 20 rats divided into four groups (Group 1 as a control, while Groups 2, 3, and 4 were given MESA-DP at doses 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg of body weight, respectively). The liver histopathological structure was observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The liver function assessment included total bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA analysis (ANalysis Of VAriance) and performed via SPSS Statistics 17.0 (IBM, USA).

Results. The administration of MESA-DP did not show significant differences at all doses for the liver rat function in total bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, albumin, cholesterol and triglycerides (p>0.05), while globulin, total protein, HDL and LDL showed significant results (p<0.05). The liver histopathological structure showed the number of pyknotic, karyorrhectic and karyolytic cells in rats after MESA-DP administration compared to controls, which grew with increasing dose.

Conclusion. The liver function in rats after being exposed to MESA-DP was not affected in terms of total bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, albumin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. However, using MESA-DP increased the necrotic liver cells. It may be beneficial for the liver health of experimental animals taking into account the correct dosage.
Cystatin C: factors affecting diagnostic and prognostic value in acute kidney injury
Authors: Magomedaliev M. O. , Korabelnikov D. I.
Published: November 2024

The level of serum and urinary cystatin C (CysC) can be modulated by some factors (weight, gender, age, ethnicity, smoking), diseases (sepsis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, obesity, hypo- and hyperthyroidism) as well as administration of glucocorticosteroids, but all of them do not affect its prognostic and diagnostic value in acute kidney injury (AKI). The CysC concentration can predict adverse outcomes, such as in-hospital and out-hospital mortality, chronicity of renal dysfunction, the demand and duration of renal replacement therapy (RRT). The sCysC is an independent predictor of RRT completion in critically ill AKI patients.
Approaches to developing mechanisms for medical care centralization at the interterritorial level
Authors: Fedyaev D. V. , Nikitin F. S. , Kovaleva S. A. , Omelyanovskiy V. V.
Published: November 2024

Background. As new high-tech methods of treatment and diagnostics are introduced into the basic compulsory health insurance program, the focus on creating separate regional healthcare systems is becoming less effective. The creation of the necessary infrastructure requires disproportionately large investments, while the needs of the population in most regions do not provide adequate loading of newly created facilities. A promising solution to these problems is the centralization of delivering certain types of medical care (MC) on the basis of interregional medical centers.

Objective: development of approaches to identifying medical interventions that are appropriate to provide in specialized interregional centers.

Material and methods. The criteria for selection of medical interventions including MC profiles and diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) of diseases, which potentially require centralization were developed. On the basis of statistical analysis, data on specialized MC provided in inpatient settings by “Pediatric surgery” and “Traumatology and orthopedics” profiles were analyzed to identify regions with low and high levels of hospitalizations in order to determine the need for centralization or the creation of interregional centers.

Results. The analysis enabled to identify the territorial subjects of the Russian Federation (RF) where the issue of MC centralization would be relevant to increase its availability to the insured population in the territory of certain subject. Besides, the study identified regions, in which the number of hospitalizations significantly exceeded the average indicators in the RF. It is advisable to create interregional MC centers on the basis of such subjects.

Conclusion. The presented analysis of individual profiles and DRGs across the territorial subjects of the RF showed the objective differences in the extent of provided MC. The proposed methodology for determining DRGs and identifying subjects of the RF that have a surplus or deficit in the provision of MC can form the basis for approaches to identifying “MC centralization points”.
Biologically active supplements overview: regulation, market trends, application, and health impact
Authors: Stepanova A. M. , Plutnitskiy A. N. , Gameeva E. V.
Published: November 2024

The use of biologically active supplements (BAS) has gradually expanded over the past 20 years. The public health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic as well as concerns about vaccines in many parts of the world have led to a particularly increased interest in using BAS as an alternative for protection and treatment of this new disease to strengthen the immune system and minimize the risk of possible complications. Abroad, as well as in the Russian Federation, there is a sharp increase in BAS sales. In this regard, questions arise about their impact on human health in general. Numerous scientific studies have demonstrated both the beneficial properties of BAS and their negative and even toxic effects. Besides, considering the global interest in this problem, there is a need to clarify the legal status of BAS. The object of this review was to summarize the available foreign data on the regulation of using BAS and the corresponding market trends, including a comprehensive analysis of the legislative and regulatory aspects of BAS in the United States, China, and the European Union. The structure and volume of the BAS market were assessed in countries, which primarily produce and import them, and the user profile was analyzed additionally.
The role of steroidogenesis disorders in developing congenital clitoromegaly
Authors: Ivanov N. V. , Serebryakova I. P. , Radugina L. I. , Radugin F. M. , Yusupova Sh. K.
Published: November 2024

Clitoromegaly is characterized by enlarged clitoris exceeding normal size typical to healthy women that represents a pressing issue in gynecological endocrinology. It emerges as an idiopathic condition or is formed along with impaired synthesis of sex steroids, accompanied by androgen excess. However, idiopathic clitoromegaly is a rather common diagnosis, since the objective cause of this symptom often remains unidentified. Investigating an alternative pathway for the synthesis of androgens and 11-oxysetroids in women with clitoromegaly is of great interest to practicing endocrinologists and gynecologists due to new opportunities for diagnosing and preventing this condition. This literature review is aimed at assessing current insights into disorders of female androgen steroidogenesis and its role in clitoromegaly pathogenesis.
The choice of therapeutic tactics in a patient with diagnosed breast cancer and lung neoplasm
Authors: Germanovich N. Yu. , Pikunov M. Yu. , Shchegolkova T. A. , Mishchenko I. M.
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer (BC) has long held a leading position in oncology disease pattern among global female population. Statistics data show that BC metastasis to lung tissue accounts for 21–32 % of all distant metastasis cases. Pulmonary metastases usually occur within 5 years after initial BC diagnosis, more often affecting peripheral lung parts, which explains the difficulty for their differential diagnosis. In addition, they profoundly impact on disease course and patient survival rate, so that each case of combined pathology such as BC and lung solid neoplasm is of interest in terms of clinicopathologic features as well as the diagnostic approach, with subsequent choice of surgical treatment tactics. Obviously, a therapeutic strategy in such cases is based on knowing primary tumor morphological structure and verifying metastatic process. However, in case of small sized pulmonary focus, it is difficult to identify a modality of ongoing process. Currently, no therapeutic and diagnostic tactics in such cases have been developed in detail. Assessing the clinical case of a combined ВС and a single small-sized focal lung mass, we propose an effective diagnostics and treatment scheme.
Pregnancy-associated breast cancer: course, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Salov I. A. , Basova T. A. , Mikhailova Yu. V. , Frolova I. I.
Published: November 2024

Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (ВС) is a rare pathology in the practice of an obstetrician-gynecologist and oncologist, which diagnostics is coupled to certain difficulties. The joint efforts of specialists to solve this issue taking into account current diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities are aimed at achieving a positive outcome. A clinical case of invasive hormone-dependent ВС T4bN3aM0, IIIC associated with pregnancy presented here is to outline a typical scenario of the following disease course: tumor manifestation in the second trimester, mastitis-like form, late diagnostics. The latter may result from low oncological alertness towards pregnant women under the age of 40 years old due to the rarity of such pathology. The proper decision-making of drug therapy algorithm according to the verified tumor histological variant and immunohistochemical status along with surgical treatment allowed not only to achieve tumor regression, give birth to a healthy full-term baby, but also gave a chance for survival despite late-onset treatment. To avoid advanced disease progression, it is advisable to recommend ultrasound breast examination in the first trimester for pregnant women over 35 years of age.
External genital endometriosis post-surgery hemostasis parameters
Authors: Baigalmaa B. , Bitsadze V. O. , Solopova A. G. , Efanov A. E. , Voynovskiy A. Е.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Endometriosis is one of the common diseases with poorly elucidated underlying nature and pathogenetic mechanisms. Clinical trials suggest that women suffering from it have hemostasis disorders. However, the severity of relevant changes and their origin remain debated.

Aim: to study the dynamics of hemostasis system parameters in patients underwent surgical treatment of external genital endometriosis (EGE).

Materials and Methods. A total of 120 women were enrolled into the prospective interventional comparative controlled study: 40 patients with EGE scheduled for surgical treatment (main group), 40 patients with other benign gynecological diseases requiring surgical intervention (comparison group), and 40 apparently healthy women (control group). Нemostasis system status was assessed based on the results of 3 visits during 3 month-follow-up by assessing the following biomarkers: metalloproteinase ADAMTS-13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13), von Willebrand factor (vWF), D-dimer, protein C, antithrombin III (AT-III), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and Рarus-test values.

Results. Prior to surgery, among EGE women a subclinical but significant increase in procoagulant biomarkers was observed compared to other groups: vWF – 1.24 [1.17–1.35] U/ml, D-dimer – 173.5 [73.5–221.23] ng/ml. Evaluation of the remaining parameters showed no clinical significance of the observed changes. The endometriosis-related surgical intervention was accompanied by increase in specific procoagulant factors a week post-treatment apparently associated with surgical manipulations. However, 3 months later, hemostasis system status partially normalized as revealed by lower biomarkers examined, which in some cases were significantly decreased compared to those observed before surgery. At the same time, differences between the study groups remained statistically significant.

Conclusion. Patients with EGE were noted to have a subclinical risk of thrombogenesis. Upon this, surgical treatment and rehabilitation during recovery period allowed to improve overall state of the hemostasis system, thereby reducing a thrombogenesis risk.
Up-to-date research and clinical strategies in gynecology and perinatology
Authors: Makatsariya A. D. , Vorobev A. V.
Published: November 2024

The articles in the current issue consider the features of premenstrual syndrome influencing a risk of postpartum depression, organ-preserving methods for treating uterine fibroids as well as examine hemostasis parameters after surgical treatment of endometriosis and an effect related to folic acid on methionine metabolism. Special attention is paid to rare cases such as migraine in hereditary thrombophilia and pregnancy-related antiphospholipid syndrome as well as congenital clitoromegaly and hemodynamic activation of hemostasis in children with heart defects. Innovative approaches to the treatment of female infertility due to endocrine changes and the role of coenzyme Q10 in reproductive medicine are presented. Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for patients with oncological diseases in the context of pregnancy are also discussed. In addition, the section "From history" covers the cultural and mythological aspects related to Саesarean section.
… Y de la casa antigua fadré la casa nueva: Conceyu Bable y Lliteratura
Authors: Fidalgo Pravia Pilar
Published: November 2024

El 20 de xunetu de 1974, nel númberu 267 de la revista Asturias Semanal, cola dictadura franquista dando les bocalaes y nun contestu de crisis social, política, cultural y económica especialmente doliosa n’Asturies, el periodista Melchor Fernández Díaz facía una entrevista a «un grupo de profesores universitarios» que llevaba como titular «Hablemos en bable». Esi grupu de profesores formábenlu Lluis Xabel Álvarez Fernández, Xosé Lluís García Arias y Xuan Xosé Sánchez Vicente, qu’actuaben «como portavoces de un grupo más o menos amplio no organizado, no burocratizado que se ha planteado el objetivo de hacer algo, todo lo importante que se pueda, por la lengua asturiana». La entrevista terminaba cola entruga «¿Qué medios vais a utilizar?» a la que se-y da una rempuesta mui cenciella: «Fundamentalmente escribir, escribir y escribir». Esta entrevista ye l’antoxana del modernu procesu de reivindicación llingüística, lliteraria y cultural que dempués se denomaría Surdimientu. Nesi mesmu añu de 1974, nel nu. 285 de la citada revista, apaeció la primer seición escrita de «Conceyu Bable» roblada «por el grupo C.B.», que se llegalizaría como asociación cultural en 1976, definiéndose como una asociación cultural unitaria que trabayaba pola defensa de la llingua asturiana y d’un movimientu asturianista. Los conteníos que siguen darréu son un averamientu, necesariamente resumíu, a lo que CB significó pal desendolcu de la moderna lliteratura asturiana, una lliteratura que, nesos años 70 del pasáu sieglu, topábase, igual que la llingua y la cultura asturiana en tolos sos aspeutos, nuna situación muncho precaria, por nun dicir llaceriosa, con unos testos afitaos nun tratamientu diglósicu de la llingua y nunes temátiques costumistes pergastaes que fueren repitiéndose a lo llargo de los 40 años que duró la dictadura franquista, xenerando unos modelos lliterarios que, con dalgunes honroses esceiciones, namái se puen calificar como caducos. No que sigue, falaráse, principalmente, de los autores y la lliteratura que s’entamó a facer naquellos años y que foi la qu’abrió pasu al prestamosu panorama lliterariu que podemos disfrutar anguaño.
Predictors for recurrence of chronic osteomyelitis following long bones cavity defect replacement with synthetic materials
Authors: Afanasyev Alexander V. , Bozhkova Svetlana A. , Artyukh Vasily A.
Published: November 2024

Background. Recent scientific literature only has a few studies highlighting the factors affecting the development of recurrent infection after surgical treatment of chronic osteomyelitis.
Aim of the study: to determine significant risk factors of infection recurrence during one- and two-stage treatment of a cavity defect with synthetic materials in patients with chronic osteomyelitis and to create an assessment scale for prediction of the treatment outcome based on this data.
Material and Methods. The retrospective study comprised 131 patients with chronic osteomyelitis of the long bones. The patients were divided into two groups based on the treatment outcome: group 1 (n=90) - successful elimination of infection; group 2 (n=41) - recurrent osteomyelitis after one-stage or during two-stage treatment. Differences between the groups were assessed to identify factors that affect the risk of recurrence. Multivariate analysis was performed using the classification tree method ​​to develop a scale for the comprehensive risk assessment of osteomyelitis recurrence (CRAOR).
Results. The following factors affecting the treatment outcome were assessed: location (r=0.205, p=0.019); duration of osteomyelitis (r=0.23, p=0.007); history of debridement operations (r=0.264, p=0.002); bone defect volume (r=0.175, p=0.045); physiological class according to Cierny-Mader (r=0.188, p=0.004); anatomical type of osteomyelitis according to Cierny-Mader (r=0.15, p=0.086); nature of the pathogen (r=0.123, p=0.162). The degree of the osteomyelitis recurrence risk, threshold values ​​for quantitative factors and the total score the scale were established. In patients with a score 5, the risk of osteomyelitis recurrence increased by 8.1 times in one-stage treatment compared to patients with a score ≤5 (OR 8.143, CI 1.008-65.882). In two-stage treatment, patients with a score 5 had the risk of osteomyelitis recurrence increased by 4.1 times compared to patients with a score ≤5 (OR 4.059, CI 0.461-35.714). Based on the scale, an algorithm of treatment for these patients was developed.
Intestinal microbiota as a fundamental basis for homeostasis, general pathology and aging
Authors: Sozinov Alexei S. , Anikhovskaya Irina A. , Zhdanov Renad I. , Markelova Marina M. , Morozov Sergei G.
Published: November 2024

Intestinal microbiota is a kind of satellite organ that performs digestive and protective functions, a supplier of molecules vital for homeostasis processes, involved in metabolic processes and determining the activity level of adaptive systems, including immunity. Immunity works both for and against the host, which is predetermined by the very nature of adaptive immunity and its interaction with the innate link of the immune system. The key element of this interaction is endotoxin molecules, or lipopolysaccharides, the concentration of which in the general bloodstream determines the activity level of adaptive (mediated by innate) immunity, which operates in a stochastic mode. This provides both antitumor protection and self-destruction of the body based on autoimmune damage. Over the past 35 years, there has been a powerful breakthrough in the field of understanding the mechanisms of interaction between the intestinal microbiota and the host organism. Interesting data have been obtained and published that have not yet been fully systematized and understood. The methodology for studying the biological role of lipopolysaccharides in clinical settings developed by Russian scientists was based on the ability of agents for reducing their blood levels to increase the effectiveness of the treatment and preventive process. In particular, it made it possible to establish the involvement of the lipopolysaccharide factor in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. The phenomenon of systemic endotoxinemia discovered by Russian researchers is a process of controlling the activity of adaptive systems (including the immune system) with the participation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system by means of intestinal endotoxins. We see the following issues for wide discussion in the clinical community: (1) determining the directions for finding agents for normalizing systemic endotoxinemia indicators as the basis of preventive medicine, including pro- and prebiotics, entero- and hemosorbents, hepatoprotectors, immunopreparations, chaotropic effects (plasmapheresis, blood irradiation); (2) clinical and experimental models for studying diseases associated with intestinal microbiota; (3) creation of a research protocol to establish the age range of integral indicators of systemic endotoxinemia (the level of lipopolysaccharides and the activity of antiendotoxin immunity that resists endotoxin aggression); (4) ways to understand the mechanisms of development of endotoxin tolerance accompanying aging and its overcoming.
A critical update to earlier research findings about the historical roots of gonosen-no-kata – “Forms of post-attack initiative counter throws”
Authors: De Crée Carl
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the present paper is to provide a critical update to previously published findings about the historical background of gonosen-no-kata (“Forms of Post-Attack Initiative Counter Throws”), a non-officially accepted kata of Kodokan judo that achieved some popularity in select European countries. We applied historical methods and source criticism to newly acquired evidence in this way offering a careful critical analysis of this kata’s origin, history and background. Expanding our earlier finding, i.e. the kata’s first verifiable European appearance in London, 1926, from 1927 onward it was spread throughout Europe by a number of judo teachers of Japanese origin. However, the results of this paper now also lead us to firmly refute the caution we had expressed earlier that gonosen-no-kata might well not be of Japanese origin. Indeed, the kata shows up for the first time in November 1915 when it is on display as part of the program surrounding the 20th Waseda University Judo Tournament in Tokyo where it was shown by a pair of judoka, named Nagae and Endo. From then on, the kata was regularly publically demonstrated in Japan at judo contests during the Taisho era (1912-1926) whenever a team from Waseda University participated. Among its most significant early proponents in Japan were Waseda students Endo Moriya, Ninomiya Sotaro, and Yasuoka Toraki. Waseda University’s former chief-instructors Miyakawa Ikkan (1885-1944) and Takahashi Kazuyoshi (1885-1942), and dedicated student(s), such as Endo Moriya (1896-1950) remain the most likely candidates involved in the creation and development of gonosen-no-kata.
Predictive Analytics and Generative AI for Optimizing Cer-vical and Breast Cancer Outcomes: A Data-Centric Approach
Authors: Kundavaram RamMohan Reddy , Rahman Kawsher , Devarapu Krishna , Narsina Deekshith , Kamisetty Arjun , Gummadi Jaya Chandra Srikanth , Talla Rajasekhar Reddy , Onteddu Abhishake Reddy , Kothapalli Srinikhita
Published: November 2024

This research uses a data-centric approach to examine how predictive analytics and generative AI might improve cervical and breast cancer outcomes. The main goals are early identification, personalized therapy, patient monitoring, and health inequities. A thorough secondary data evaluation synthesizes information from numerous trials to assess these new clinical oncology methods. Significant results show that predictive analytics increases risk classification and therapy tailoring, while generative AI strengthens patient profiles for targeted treatments and dynamic monitoring. By detecting patterns in underprivileged communities, data-centric initiatives reduce health inequities. According to the research, data quality issues, and physician training require improvement. Policy implications include standardized data collecting, fostering health system interoperability, and subsidizing bias-reduction efforts. With these advancements, the healthcare system can increase precision medicine, cervical and breast cancer survival, and quality of life. This study shows that predictive analytics and generative AI are essential to improving cancer treatment.
A prospective randomized comparative study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical quick penetrating solution (QPS) of Heparin (1000 IU/ml) versus Heparin gel (200 IU/ml) in prevention of intravenous cannula related thrombophlebitis in post operative onco surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients
Authors: Chauhan Amit Pravin , Jain Mitanshi , Mehta Jigisha , Shah Arpit , Thomas Sara Mary
Published: November 2024

Intravenous cannulation usage is a vital component for the patient admitted at hospitals and is known to cause thrombophlebitis in upto 70% of patients so this study is needed to evaluate profile of topical quick penetrating solution of Heparin and compare it with Heparin gel in prevention of thrombophlebitis in post operative onco-surgery patients admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) in terms of safety and effectiveness.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical quick penetrating solution of Heparin and compare it with Heparin gel in prevention of thrombophlebitis in post operative onco-surgery patients admitted in intensive care unit (ICU).

A prospective, randomized, parallel group, comparative, single centre, clinical study. A total 100 patients undergoing intravenous cannulation that has been planned to remain in situ for at least 72 hours indoor period were enrolled. Patients were randomized in Group A (Heparin Topical solution) vs Group B (Heparin gel). Investigational product was applied on skin around dressing covering intravenous cannulation site approximately every 8 hours for the treatment period of 72 hours. Patients were evaluated for incidences of infusion phlebitis, first signs of phlebitis and treatment emergent application site reactions and were statistically analysed for statistical significance, p - value below 0.05 levels was considered to be significant.

Incidences of infusion phlebitis Grade 2 was found to be higher in “heparin gel group” than in “Topical Heparin Group” (17 vs 7 patients, p=0.0192). Incidences of first sign of phlebitis grade 1 was found to be higher in “heparin gel group” than in “Topical Heparin Group” (24 vs 10 patients, p=0.003123). Mean time to develop Grade I and Grade II phlebitis was comparable and no adverse effects were reported in either group.

Heparin QPS was more effective in the prevention of infusion-associated phlebitis with similar safety profile as heparin gel.
A comparative study of epidural nalbuphine versus tramadol as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for post operative analgesia in lower limb orthopaedic surgeries
Authors: Patel Aarjvi , Thomas Sara Mary , Shah Arpit , Chavda Dushyant Bharatbhai
Published: November 2024

Post operative pain management plays a vital role in ensuring optimal patient recovery and satisfaction, particularly in lower limb surgery where pain can significantly impede mobility and rehabilitation. Epidural anaesthesia provides targeted analgesia with lesser complications. tramadol and nalbuphine are two frequently used opioids for epidural analgesia to reduce postoperative pain. This study aims to compare the post-operative analgesic efficacy of epidural nalbuphine versus epidural tramadol as adjuvant with inj. bupivacaine 0.125% in lower limb orthopedics surgery.

This study aimed to compare the post-operative analgesic efficacy of epidural nalbuphine versus epidural tramadol as an adjuvant with inj. bupivacaine 0.125% in lower limb orthopaedic surgery. The primary objectives were the duration and quality of analgesia. Secondary objectives included an assessment of postoperative hemodynamic changes, sedation levels and associated side effects.

60 patients of ASA I and II aged between 18-60 years were randomized into two groups with 30 patients each. Group N received epidural 0.125% bupivacaine (9ml) with 10 mg nalbuphine (1ml) total 10 ml. Group T received epidural 0.125% bupivacaine (9ml) with 50mg tramadol (1 ml) total 10 ml. The drugs were administered when patient complained of pain (i.e. VAS >=4).

It was observed that both the groups were found to have similar demographics and hemodynamic parameters. Epidural nalbuphine had faster onset of analgesia (8.4 ±0.69 mins v/s 10.7 ±0.68 mins), longer duration of postoperative analgesia (11.2 ±0.84 hours v/s 9.2 ±1.42 hours) and better quality of analgesia as compared to tramadol as an epidural adjuvant.

Nalbuphine 10 mg when added as an adjuvant to 0.125% bupivacaine epidurally provided a faster onset, better quality and longer duration of postoperative pain relief as compared to Tramadol 50 mg.
A comparative study of 0.5% ropivacaine versus 0.5% ropivacaine with dexamethasone on postoperative pain in interscalene brachial plexus block for shoulder surgery
Authors: Rajan Upakara Selvin , Kumar Prasanna , Vijayakumar Lokeshwar , Ram Gokul
Published: November 2024

Post-operative pain after any shoulder surgery is very common. Pain management after shoulder surgeries pose a challenge to anesthesiologists.

The study aims to assess the effect of dexamethasone as an adjuvant to 0.5% ropivacaine in ultrasound guided single shot interscalene brachial plexus block in elective shoulder surgeries.

The prospective randomized comparative study was conducted at the Department of Anaesthesiology, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, from March 2018 to December 2019. The study involved 52 patients scheduled for elective shoulder surgeries, who were randomly assigned to two groups: one receiving 0.5% ropivacaine alone and the other receiving 0.5% ropivacaine with dexamethasone, administered via ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block. Patient's perception of pain was assessed using VAS score (0-10).

The mean duration of analgesia was significantly longer in the ropivacaine with dexamethasone group (909.5 ± 238.122 minutes) compared to the ropivacaine alone group (509.31 ± 102.771 minutes), with a mean difference of 400.192 minutes. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for pain were comparable between the groups in the early postoperative period but were significantly lower in the dexamethasone group at 8, 10, and 12 hours post-surgery, indicating better pain control. The dexamethasone group also required significantly fewer additional analgesics.

The study concluded that the addition of dexamethasone to ropivacaine for interscalene brachial plexus block prolongs the duration of analgesia and reduces post-operative pain, without significant complications. The use of dexamethasone as an adjuvant to local anesthetics for nerve blocks is recommended due to its safety profile, cost-effectiveness, and improved quality of pain relief.
Comparison of dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, ketamine nebulization as an adjuvant to lignocaine for awake fibreoptic intubation: A randomised control trial
Authors: Musti Smita S , Jith Arya S , Mynalli Adarsh B , Mothilal Revathy A
Published: November 2024

Awake fibreoptic intubation (AFOI) is a crucial technique in managing difficult airways, and local anaesthetic nebulization is the most commonly used method for anesthetizing the airway. This study focuses on comparing the efficacy of dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, and ketamine nebulization when used as adjuvants to lignocaine during AFOI.

This study aims to compare the effect of nebulised dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, and ketamine as an adjuvant to 4% lignocaine. The primary objective is to determine the cough score during the procedure and secondary objective is to look for sedation and any adverse effects.

84 participants who required awake fibreoptic intubation of any gender and between the ages of 18 and 65 were divided into 4 equal groups at random: Along with nebulised 4% lignocaine, group A received dexmedetomidine (1 mcg/kg), group B received fentanyl (2 mcg/kg), group C received ketamine (2 mg/kg), and group D received normal saline. Each group contained 21 people. Cough scores and Glottis visibility were observed and additionally Ramsay sedation score (RSS) and any other side effects were monitored.

No cough was observed in 76.2% of Groups A and B, 66.7% in Group C and 0% in group D which was statistically, a very high significant difference, amongst the participants in four groups P = 0.000 (p<0.05). The glottis was open in 100% in Group C, 90.5% in Group A, 85.7% in Group B, and 71.4% in Group D with significant statistical difference amongst the groups(p = 0.006) (p<0.05). Participants who were anxious, agitated and restless were 100% in group D, 38.1% in Group C, 14.3% in Group A, and 4.8% in Group B, with significant difference. p = 0.000 (p<0.05). No adverse effects were noted in any of the group participants.

Nebulised dexmedetomidine and fentanyl produced satisfactory airway preparation for awake fibreoptic intubation when compared to ketamine and plain lignocaine, although sedation was higher in the fentanyl group.
Anaesthetic management of a child with syringomyelia undergoing foramen magnum decompression: A case report
Authors: Kuppusamy Anand , Siddartha Teepak , Kumaran Dheepak
Published: November 2024

Syringomyelia is a neurological disorder where a cyst consisting of fluid is formed within the spinal cord which results in various neurological symptoms. Treatment could be either conservative in the absence of neurologic symptoms or definitive surgical treatment. The most important task for an anesthesiologist is to provide general anesthesia with the use of intraoperative neuromuscular monitoring (IONM) for better neurological outcomes during foramen magnum decompression. Here through the case report of a 16-year-old male child with syringomyelia posted for foramen magnum decompression, we tend to focus upon anesthetic management of syringomyelia and the use of IONM and its benefits over routine management.
Capnothorax- an extremely infrequent and difficult to diagnose life-threatening complication of laparoscopy: A report of two cases
Authors: Sripriya R , Kameshwar Yasha V
Published: November 2024

Capnothorax, a rare but life-threatening complication during laparoscopy, often presents diagnostic challenges due to its infrequency. The symptoms of capnothorax can overlap with those of endobronchial intubation and pneumothorax, necessitating it to be a diagnosis of exclusion. We present two cases where patients developed increased airway pressure, desaturation, and hypercapnia following capnoperitoneum. Video bronchoscopic examination ruled out endobronchial intubation. Clinical improvement was observed upon deflation of the abdomen and initiation of conservative management, despite continuing positive pressure ventilation thus differentiating it from pneumothorax and obviating the need for intercostal drain insertion.
Adjusting U-Net for the aortic abdominal aneurysm CT segmentation case
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Epifanov R.U. , Nikitin N.A. ,   Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Rabtsun A.A. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Kurdyukov L.N. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Karpenko A.A. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Mullyadzhanov R.I. ,   Novosibirsk State University,   Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we address the issue of developing of a convolutional neural network for the problem of aneurysm segmentation into three classes and of exploring ways for improving the quality of final segmentation masks. As a result of our study, macro dice score for classes of interest reaches 83.12% ± 4.27%. We explored different augmentation styles and showed the importance of applying intensity augmentation style to improve segmentation algorithm robustness in conditions of clinical data diversity. Augmentation with spatial and insensitive styles increase macro dice score up to 3%. The comparison of various inference mode indicate that combination of overlapping inference and segmentation window enlargement ameliorate macro dice up to 1.4%. Overall improvement of the quality of segmentation masks by macro dice score amounted up to 6% using combination of data-based augmentation style and advanced inference technique.
Brain tumor segmentation by deep learning transfer methods using MRI images
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Financial University under the Government the Russian Federation, Shchetinin E.Y.
Published: November 2024

Brain tumor segmentation is one of the most challenging tasks of medical image analysis. The diagnosis of patients with gliomas is based on the analysis of magnetic resonance images and manual segmentation of tumor boundaries. However, due to its time-consuming nature, there is a need for a fast and reliable automatic segmentation algorithm. In recent years, deep learning methods applied to brain tumor segmentation have shown promising results. In this paper, a deep neural network model based on U-Net neural network architecture is proposed for brain glioma segmentation. It is proposed to use deep convolutional neural network models pre-trained on the ImageNet dataset as U-Net encoders. Among such models, VGG16, VGG19, Mobilenetv2, Inception, Efficientnetb7, InceptionResnetV2, DenseNet201, DenseNet121 were used. The computational experimental analysis performed in the paper on a set of MRI brain images showed that the best encoder model for the above deep models was the DenseNet121 model with the following values of segmentation metrics Mean IoU of 91.34%, Mean Dice of 94.26%, Accuracy of 94.22%. The paper also comparatively analyses the results of the proposed segmentation method with several works of other authors. The comparative analysis of the segmentation results of the studied MRI images showed that the DenseNet121 model either surpassed or was comparable to the models proposed in the refereed papers in terms of segmentation accuracy metrics.
Comparison of neural networks for suppression of multiplicative noise in images
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Pavlov V.A. , Belov A.A. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Nguen V.T. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Jovanovski N. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Ovsyannikova A.S. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: November 2024

The paper compares several neural network (NN) architectures for suppression of multiplicative noise. The images may contain sharp boundaries and large homogeneous areas. Convolutional and fully connected networks are investigated. It is shown that different architectures require significantly different amount of training data to reach the same noise suppression quality. Examples of NN requiring lower amounts of training data are presented.
Noise filtering method in images in sparse-view covers
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Goshin Y.V. , Arkhipova D.V. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: November 2024

This article describes a method for image restoration using sparse representations. A sparse representation is a description of an image in the form of fragments of coefficients selected from a predefined dictionary. This paper presents a general approach to image restoration using sparse representation and pre-prepared experimental results for a simple implementation of this convention.