bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimized extraction process and compositional analysis of bioflocculant produced by Klebsiella M1
Authors: Diao Huan , Li Lvmu , Lu Chen , Ding Xiaoling , Guo Wenjie , Ding Xiaoling
Published: March 2023

The extraction process was optimized and compositional analysis was carried out for bioflocculant produced by Klebsiella M1. Single factor and response surface tests were adopted to optimize extraction of the bioflocculant. Physical and chemical tests were performed to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the chemical components of the bioflocculant. The molecular structure was analyzed by ultraviolet spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel chromatography, and scanning electron microscopy. The optimum extraction conditions for the flocculant produced from Klebsiella M1 bacteria were as follows: anhydrous ethanol as the extractant, a material to liquid ratio of 1.54:1, pH of 9.06, and an extraction time of 12 h. The flocculant yield was up to 3.91 g/L. The bioflocculant was composed mainly of polysaccharides (65.9%) and proteins (19.7%). The polysaccharide molecular weight was 4.78 × 106 D, and it was comprised of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, L-fucose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-glucose, and D-galactose at the ratio 0.29:0.36:1:0.31:0.47:0.57:1.01. The polysaccharide contained hydroxyl and oxygen-containing functional groups (δ = 3.5 to 4.5 ppm) and aromatic groups (δ = 7 ppm). Thus, the bioflocculant produced by M1 bacteria was a polysaccharide type and anhydrous ethanol was a suitable extractant.
Comparative studies on the explosion severity of different wood dusts from fiberboard production
Authors: Guo Lu , Xiao Qiuping , Zhu Nanfeng , Wang Yao , Xu Changyan
Published: March 2023

Wood dust samples with different particle sizes were used to investigate the explosion characteristics of wood dust. The dust samples came from Populus alba L., Pinus massoniana Lamb., and Cinnamonum camphora (L.) Pres., species that are commonly utilized in medium density fiberboard production in China. The thermogravimetric characteristics, element composition, and morphology of dust samples were analyzed to help explain the explosion phenomena in a 20 L sphere. The analysis showed that both the maximum explosion pressure and explosion index of wood dust presented a decreasing trend with increasing particle size, and the maximum explosion pressure values were in the range of 7 to 9 bar, regardless of species. For both explosion pressure and explosion index values, the wood dust with similar particle sizes were different, which are ranked as Populus alba > Cinnamonum camphora > Pinus massoniana. In addition, for the explosion pressure of wood dust with similar particle size, the dust concentration had threshold values. Additionally, the particle size and dust concentration had a synergistic effect on the explosion pressure and explosion index. Wood dust with a smaller particle size is more likely to explode at the threshold of concentration.
Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals using soluble grade cellulose from acid hydrolysis of huizache (Acacia farnesiana L. Willd.)
Authors: Casillas Rogelio Ramírez , López-López Maria del Carmen , Becerra-Aguilar Bruno , Dávalos-Olivares Florentina , Satyanarayana Kestur Gundappa
Published: March 2023

High purity cellulose nanocrystals (NCCs) were obtained through the generation of various nanoparticle suspensions from different hydrolysis conditions of soluble grade cellulose (α-cellulose) prepared from huizache wood (Acacia farnesiana L. Willd.). These NCCs exhibited different surface morphologies and properties. Hydrolysis was carried out using both sulfuric and hydrochloric acids, while the methodology was based on 23 factorial designs of experiments. The obtained nanocrystals were characterized for particle size distribution, morphology, size of the NCCs, residual surface charge of the nanoparticles, and chemical composition using various experimental techniques. The two acid hydrolysis procedures produced NCCs suspensions that exhibited a unimodal or bimodal pattern of the Gaussian type, but differed in their properties. Average NCCs particle size obtained by hydrolysis with different concentrations (60 to 65%), at different temperatures (45 to 55 oC) and treatment times (45 to 65 mins) with H2SO4 acid and HCl acid were approximately 100 to 260 nm and between 75 nm to 512 nm, respectively, indicating influence of concentration and treatment time with both acids. Also, residual load analysis of sulphate groups in the NCCs suspensions in producing NCCs by H2SO4 hydrolysis revealed a minimum load of 39 mmol/kg and a maximum of 505 mmol/kg of NCCs.
Crystal and thermal response of cellulose isolation from bamboo by Two different chemical treatments
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Fei Benhua , Polle Andrea , Euring Dejuan , Tian Genlin , Yue Xianghua , Chang Yanting , Jiang Zehui , Hu Tao
Published: March 2023

Cellulose is a biodegradable, renewable material, and its chemical, crystalline, and thermal properties place limits on how it can be used in industrial applications. In this study cellulosic preparations made from bamboo were fractionated using a one-step process (EtOH-HNO3) or a two-step process (NaClO2 delignification and KOH treatment). Partial degradation of cellulose was observed in alkaline conditions. Although the crystal configuration was maintained, it was observed that the cellulose structure after delignification and alkaline post-treatment exhibited unique exothermic pyrolysis properties. By comparison, the acidic EtOH-HNO3 process efficiently removed hemicellulose and lignin from bamboo, achieving the highest purity of cellulose (96.8%) with the highest degree of polymerization (DP) value (815).
Delignification of L. leucocephala and C. equisetifolia through kraft pulping and mitigation of vessel picking
Authors: Maan Poonam , Kadam Ashish , Dutt Dharm
Published: March 2023

Leucaena leucocephala and Casuarina equisetifolia are two fast-growing deciduous tropical hardwoods that were characterized for their morphological and chemical characteristics to assess their suitability for pulp production. The effects of kraft pulping sulfidity, cooking time, and cooking temperature on screened pulp yield and Kappa number were studied. Handsheets made from these pulps showed a vessel picking problem during printing that was reduced by treating the pulp with 0.1% cellulase and beating the pulp at high consistency.
Investigation of biomass char gasification kinetic parameters using a novel miniaturized educational system
Authors: Gartner Jacqueline K. , Garcia-Perez Manuel , Van Wie Bernard J.
Published: March 2023

A novel miniaturized, transparent reactor system for use as either a research or educational tool was developed for investigating biomass char gasification with oxygen to determine the kinetic parameters. Parametric temperature and pressure data taken can be used to distinguish the validity of assumptions inherent in the Avrami, the random pore (RPM), the unreacted core shrinking (UCSM), and a UCSM hybrid models (HM). The results demonstrate the UCSM for spherical and cylindrical geometries, and an HM variation with a best-fit exponent, that yields residual sums of squares 2 to 4 orders of magnitude lower than other models. An Arrhenius evaluation yielded an activation energy of 84.8 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factor of 1.34 103 s-1. An O2 reaction order of 0.85 indicates O2 adsorption on the char surface is the primary rate-controlling step. Data are consistent with a rapidly decreasing surface area as the reaction nears completion, suggesting available corresponding active sites for rapid chemisorption decrease as the reaction progresses. More importantly, the design of the system is safe to take into the classroom while simultaneously allowing students to view real-time reactions and produce repeatable data; this pushes the bounds on classroom interventions and learning.
Evaluation of the durability of lignin-reinforced composites based on wheat straw/recycled polypropylene blends
Authors: Yu Min , Wang Jing , Tian Pujian , Sun Lixin , Sun Kai , Ge Zhenghao , Huang Runzhou
Published: March 2023

The influence of a lignin additive at different loading levels on the surface properties, mechanical, and thermal performance of recycled polypropylene composites reinforced with wheat straw, before and after accelerated weathering, was studied. Eight groups of samples were exposed to an ultraviolet (UV) accelerated weathering tester for a total of 1200 h. The weathered surface morphology, chemical change, and color change were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and chroma meter analyses, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanical properties and oxidation induction time (OIT) were tested. It was shown that the use of lignin had a positive effect in improving mechanical properties and in reducing OIT values of filled composites due to the enhanced fiber/matrix interface bonding and its functions of anti-oxidation. Less fibers were falling off and shallower cracks occurred on the weathered surface of the lignin reinforced composites. The carbonyl index of wheat straw fibers reinforced recycled polypropylene composites (WSF/RPP) with 5 wt% lignin content showed a notable decrease of 4.9% when compared with the growth rate of the control groups. When the stabilizer was introduced to the blends, the mechanical properties and antioxidant capacity of the composites were improved during weathering.
Why, after all, are chitosan films hydrophobic?
Authors: Hubbe Martin A.
Published: March 2023

Chitosan has a molecular structure very similar to that of cellulose, except that one of the –OH groups on each repeating unit (at the C2 position) is replaced by an amine group. Since chitosan has abundant water-loving groups and is soluble in weakly acidic aqueous solution, one might expect films prepared from casting of chitosan solutions to be hydrophilic. Experiments have shown wide variability, often indicating a hydrophobic character of the chitosan films. A 2008 article by Cunha et al. presented evidence suggesting that the apparent hydrophobicity was attributable to impurities. However, not all the evidence was consistent. In particular, extraction of chitosan film with methanol failed to increase the polar component of surface free energy. It is proposed in this editorial that the explanation can be found in a differing water-affinity of chitosan polymer segments, depending on their orientation. This explanation, if valid, is consistent with differences in the hydrophilic or hydrophilic character of different crystalline faces of cellulose.
An evaluation of strength performance of the edge connections between cross-laminated timber panels reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced plastic
Authors: Song Yo-Jin , Lee In-Hwan , Hong Soon-Il
Published: March 2023

The strength performance of edge connections between the cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels, as currently applied to CLT construction, was compared to that of connections reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) by means of a tensile-type shearing test. In this study, the reinforced half-lapped connection is intended to prevent CLT from coming apart due to failure of self-tapping screws (STS) by bonding GFRP sheets to connections between CLT panels. The end-distance and edge-distance of this reinforced half-lapped connection were designed to equal 5D (where D is the fastener diameter) and 4D, respectively, which is shorter than the 6D recommended by European Technical Approval (ETA). Nevertheless, the yield strength was increased by 7%, and the stiffness by 92%, compared to the non-reinforced half-lapped connection. In addition, the internal spline connections using GFRP-reinforced plywood were 57 and 36% higher than the connection made up of LVB or plywood, respectively, and the energy dissipation percentages were 400 and 76%, respectively. These results indicate that the reinforcement effect of the connection by the GFRP was very significant. On the other hand, the half-lapped connection of the larch CLT improved the strength performance as the end-distance increased, and the end-distance had a greater effect on the strength performance than the edge-distance.
Verslo procesų valdymo gebėjimų įtaka suvokiamiems organizacijų veiklos rezultatams, medijuojant robotiniam procesų automatizavimui
Authors:   , Stravinskienė Inga
Published: March 2023

Mediating effect of robotic process automation on the impact of business process management capabilities on perceived organisation perfomance
Neighborhood Opportunity and Mortality Among Children and Adults in Their Households
Authors: Slopen Natalie , Cosgrove Candace , Acevedo-Garcia Dolores , Hatzenbuehler Mark L. , Shonkoff Jack P. , Noelke Clemens
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Research has linked neighborhood opportunity to health outcomes in children and adults; however, few studies have examined neighborhood opportunity and mortality risk among children and their caregivers. The objective of this study was to assess associations of neighborhood opportunity and mortality risk in children and their caregivers over 11 years.

METHODS

Participants included 1 025 000 children drawn from the Mortality Disparities in American Communities study, a cohort developed by linking the 2008 American Community Survey to the National Death Index and followed for 11 years. Neighborhood opportunity was measured using the Child Opportunity Index, a measure designed to capture compounding inequities in access to opportunities for health.

RESULTS

Using hazard models, we observed inverse associations between Child Opportunity Index quintile and deaths among child and caregivers. Children in very low opportunity neighborhoods at baseline had 1.30 times the risk of dying over follow-up relative to those in very high opportunity neighborhoods (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–1.45), and this excess risk attenuated after adjustment for household characteristics (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.98–1.34). Similarly, children in very low opportunity neighborhoods had 1.57 times the risk of experiencing the death of a caregiver relative to those in very high opportunity neighborhoods (95% CI, 1.50–1.64), which remained after adjustment (hazard ratio, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.23–1.38).

CONCLUSIONS

Our analyses advance understanding of the adverse consequences of inequitable neighborhood contexts for child well-being and underscore the potential importance of place-based policies for reducing disparities in child and caregiver mortality.
Prospects of using sFlt-1, PlGF as biomarkers of superimposed preeclampsia
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Popel O.K. , Govsieiev D.O. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2023

Chronic hypertension during pregnancy has recently shown a significant increase, which is most likely due to the growth in the number of first pregnancies in women of late reproductive age, with chronic hypertension, obesity and other extragenital diseases, as well as an increase in the number of pregnancies as a result of in vitro fertilization. Preeclampsia complicates chronic hypertension in 20-40% of cases, more often associated with early onset (before 34 weeks) and leads to an increase in complications in the mother, fetus and newborn. Currently, there are no reliable biomarkers that make it possible to predict the development of superimposed preeclampsia, but their search is underway. In the general obstetric population, the use of PlGF and sFlt-1 tests has shown to be promising for predicting preeclampsia in women with singleton pregnancies. PlGF and sFlt-1 based tests have begun to appear in clinical guidelines in addition to regular clinical and laboratory testing. But data on the effectiveness of these tests for predicting preeclampsia in groups of pregnant women with chronic diseases, including those with chronic hypertension, is still being collected. Purpose - to evaluate the prospects of using angiogenic factors as biomarkers of superimposed preeclampsia; search for publications in electronic databases (Medline, Embase) from the earliest to January 2023. Conclusions. Changes in angiogenesis markers may indicate the start preeclampsia in pregnant women with chronic hypertension. The values of angiogenesis markers in pregnant women with preeclampsia on the background of chronic hypertension may differ from those in pregnant women with preeclampsia, but without concomitant diseases. In addition, abnormalities in values of angiogenic markers in pregnant women with chronic hypertension compared to normotensive pregnant women may occur without the addition of preeclampsia. The reason may be the effect of chronic hypertension on the development and functioning of the placenta or an altered response of the endothelium to angiogenesis factors. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Optimization of the Regression Ensemble Size
Authors: Zelenkov Yuri
Published: March 2023

Ensemble learning algorithms such as bagging often generate unnecessarily large models, which consume extra computational resources and may degrade the generalization ability. Pruning can potentially reduce ensemble size as well as improve performance; however, researchers have previously focused more on pruning classifiers rather than regressors. This is because, in general, ensemble pruning is based on two metrics: diversity and accuracy. Many diversity metrics are known for problems dealing with a finite set of classes defined by discrete labels. Therefore, most of the work on ensemble pruning is focused on such problems: classification, clustering, and feature selection. For the regression problem, it is much more difficult to introduce a diversity metric. In fact, the only such metric known to date is a correlation matrix based on regressor predictions. This study seeks to address this gap. First, we introduce the mathematical condition that allows checking whether the regression ensemble includes redundant estimators, i.e., estimators, whose removal improves the ensemble performance. Developing this approach, we propose a new ambiguity-based pruning (AP) algorithm that bases on error-ambiguity decomposition formulated for a regression problem. To check the quality of AP, we compare it with the two methods that directly minimize the error by sequentially including and excluding regressors, as well as with the state-of-art Ordered Aggregation algorithm. Experimental studies confirm that the proposed approach allows reducing the size of the regression ensemble with simultaneous improvement in its performance and surpasses all compared methods.
Discovery of Economic Collusion by Metrics of Quantum Entanglement
Authors: Semenenko Evgeny , Belolipetskaya Anna , Yuriev Rodion , Alodjants Alexander , Bessmertny Igor , Surov Ilya
Published: March 2023

An effective economy requires prompt prevention of misconduct of legal entities. With the ever-increasing transaction rate, an important part of this work is finding market collusions based on statistics of electronic traces. We report a solution to this problem based on a quantum-theoretical approach to behavioral modeling. In particular, cognitive states of economic subjects are represented by complex-valued vectors in space formed by the basis of decision alternatives, while decision probabilities are defined by projections of these states to the corresponding directions. Coordination of multilateral behavior then corresponds to entanglement of the joint cognitive state, measured by standard metrics of quantum theory. A high score of these metrics indicates the likelihood of collusion between the considered subjects. The resulting method for collusion discovery was tested with open data on the participation of legal entities in public procurement between 2015 and 2020 available at the federal portal https://zakupki.gov.ru. Quantum models are built for about 80 thousand unique pairs and 10 million unique triples of agents in the obtained dataset. The reliability of collusion discovery was defined by comparison with open data of Federal antimonopoly service available at https://br.fas.gov.ru. The achieved performance allows the discovery of about one-half of known pairwise collusions with a reliability of more than 50%, which is comparable with detection based on classical correlation and mutual information. For three-sided behavior, in contrast, the quantum model is practically the only available option since classical measures are typically limited to the bilateral case. Half of such collusions are detected with a reliability of 40%. The obtained results indicate the efficiency of the quantum-probabilistic approach to modeling economic behavior. The developed metrics can be used as informative features in analytic systems and algorithms of machine learning for this field.
Macrolide antibiotics activate the integrated stress response and promote tumor proliferation
Authors: Yu Xin , Tian Ai-Ling , Wang Ping , Li Juanjuan , Wu Juan , Li Bei , Liu Zhou , Liu Siqing , Gao Zhijie , Sun Si , Sun Shengrong , Tu Yi , Wu Qi
Published: March 2023

Macrolide antibiotics are widely used antibacterial agents that are associated with autophagy inhibition. This study aimed to investigate the association between macrolide antibiotics and malignant tumors, as well as the effect on autophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and integrated stress response (ISR). The meta-analysis indicated a modestly higher risk of cancer in macrolide antibiotic ever-users compared to non-users. Further experiments showed that macrolides block autophagic flux by inhibiting lysosomal acidification. Additionally, azithromycin, a representative macrolide antibiotic, induced the accumulation of ROS, and stimulated the ISR and the activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) and TFE3 in a ROS-dependent manner. Finally, animal experiments confirmed that azithromycin promoted tumor progression in vivo, which could be receded by N-acetylcysteine, an inhibitor of ROS and ISR. Overall, this study reveals the potential role of macrolide antibiotics in malignant progression and highlights the need for further investigation into their effects.
Gender Differences in Wage Negotiations: An Ultimatum Game Experiment
Authors: DİLEK Serkan , YILDIRIM Rumeysa
Published: March 2023

The gender gap in wages that is accepted as a major economic and social issue, can arise from the behaviours of individuals. The fact that the labor force participation rate of women in Turkey is quite low compared to other OECD countries is also an important problem. Women really may accept lower wages in negotiations. However, perceptions that women may accept lower offers may affect offers made by employers. This attitude of employers may cause a gender gap in wages and a low female labor force participation rate. We explore the behavioural gender differences during bargaining by using the ultimatum game. Altruism, risk aversion, generosity, and self-confidence have a significant impact on preferences and so the results of wage bargaining. The ultimatum game is an effective tool for understanding altruism, risk aversion, and generosity. We found two important results in this study. First; when the proposer knows the gender of the other party, his/her offers to women are lower than those to men. Latter; When the gender of the other party is known, female proposers bid higher than men. These results provide evidence that gender income inequality in the labor market may be due to the attitudes of employers (especially men employers). These results can actually explain why the female labor force participation rate is low in Turkey, but more detailed studies are needed on this subject. This study contributes to the literature as one of the few studies examining the wage bargaining of employers with male and female workers in Turkey.
Modern Realizmin Kurucu Dışı Olarak Kautilya’nın Mandala Teorisi
Authors: GÖKCAN Özkan
Published: March 2023

Ana akım olarak adlandırılan uluslararası ilişkiler teorilerinin küresel düzeydeki tüm olay ve sorunları açıklama gücüne sahip olduğu iddialarına yönelik eleştiriler, disiplin literatürünün son 40 yıllık birikimi içerisinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu eleştirilerin odaklandığı temel nokta, uluslararası ilişkiler disiplinindeki teorik yapıyı Batı merkezci, dar görüşlü ve hegemonik olmaktan çıkarıp evrensel, diyalog odaklı ve çoğulcu hale getirmenin gerekliliği olmuştur. Bu odak noktasından hareketle özellikle son 20 yılda Batılı olmayan toplum ve devletlerin tarih ve deneyimlerden yararlanılarak geliştirilmeye çalışılan teoriler (Batı-dışı teoriler) disiplinde önemli bir çalışma alanı haline gelmiştir. Ancak Batı-dışı teori geliştirme girişimleri, özellikle Çin örneğinde görüldüğü üzere Batı merkezciliği aşmak yerine Batı’ya alternatif yeni merkezler yaratma eğilimi sergilemiştir. Bu durum, disiplindeki teorik birikimin çoğulcu ve diyalog odaklı bir yapıya doğru evrilmek yerine dağınık, birbirine paralel ve birbirinden kopuk yeni merkezler etrafında gelişmesine neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada uluslararası ilişkileri teorilerini Batı veya herhangi bir başka hegemonik merkezden uzaklaştırarak gerçek manada evrensel kılmanın ancak Batı ile Batı-dışı veya dünyanın geri kalanı arasında bilginin tarihsel hareketliliğini dikkate alarak gerçekleşebileceği savunulmaktadır. Bu anlamda çalışmanın temel iddiası, Hint kökenli düşünür ve devlet adamı Kautilya’nın mandala teorisi ile modern realizm arasındaki ilişkinin söz konusu bilgi hareketliliğini ortaya koyma adına önemli bir örnek teşkil ettiğidir. Çalışmada temel kaynak olarak Kautilya’nın Arthaşastra adlı eserinden yararlanılmıştır. Aynı zamanda Kautilya’nın eserleri ve düşünceleri, realist teori, Batı-merkezcilik, Batı-dışı teori, Küresel Uluslararası İlişkiler fikri üzerine literatür taraması yapılarak çalışmanın iddiası temellendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada mandala teorisi örneği üzerinden yapılmaya çalışıldığı gibi bilginin tarihsel hareketliliği bağlamında Batılı olmayan düşünce ve deneyimlerin Batı-merkezli teoriler üzerindeki kurucu-dış rolünü ortaya koymak, disiplindeki teorik birikimi daha çoğulcu ve evrensel kılmanın temel yoludur. Bu kapsamdan hareketle birinci bölümde, çalışmaya kavramsal bir temel oluşturan “kurucu dış” kavramı ele alınmaktadır. İkinci bölümde, öncelikle Kautilya ve eseri Arthaşastra tanıtılmakta ardından Kautilya’nın mandala teorisinde modern realist teorinin kökleri ortaya konmaya çalışılmaktadır. Kautilya’nın günümüz uluslararası ilişkilerindeki yerine dair eleştirel bir değerlendirmenin ve çözüm önerilerinin yer aldığı sonuç bölümü ile çalışma sonlandırılmaktadır.
CUIDADORES DE PACIENTES COM CÂNCER NO FINAL DA VIDA: SOFRIMENTO PSÍQUICO E REDUÇÃO DE BEM-ESTAR
Authors: Ribeiro Luis Eduardo Oliveira , Garcia João Batista Santos , Machado Gabriel Santana , Bacelar Maurilene
Published: March 2023

Introdução: Cuidadores de pacientes em fim de vida estão expostos a grande sobrecarga emocional e sofrimento. Esse estudo objetiva investigar sinais de sofrimento psíquico (depressão, ansiedade e angústia) e presença de bem-estar em cuidadores de pacientes no fim da vida hospitalizados em enfermaria de cuidados paliativos oncológicos. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo descritivo transversal, o qual contou com uma amostra não probabilística de 90 cuidadores principais de indivíduos hospitalizados no setor de cuidados paliativos de um hospital referência em câncer. Os sujeitos foram avaliados quanto à presença de bem-estar por meio do Questionário de Avaliação do Bem-Estar (GCQ); a presença de angústia (distress) através do Termômetro de Distress; e ansiedade e depressão pela Escala de Depressão e Ansiedade. Foram feitas correlações estatísticas entre as variáveis. Resultados: Cuidadores do gênero feminino e que residiam com o paciente apresentaram menores índices de bem-estar. Sintomas ansiosos estiveram presentes em 76%, com maiores escores em cuidadores com menor escolaridade, que residiam com o paciente e que cuidavam de outras pessoas. Sintomas depressivos apresentaram-se em 55%, com maior índice em cuidadores que residiam com o paciente. Mulheres e cuidadores que realizavam rodízio apresentaram maior escore de angústia. Bem-estar foi inversamente proporcional a depressão, angústia e ansiedade. Conclusão: A partir desta análise demonstrou-se maiores índices de depressão, ansiedade e angústia entre cuidadores, assim como menor bem-estar. A melhora no bem-estar pode aliviar sintomas ansiosos, depressivos e angústia. Estratégias para a melhoria da comunicação e acolhimento no ambiente hospitalar podem promover bem-estar e redução dos sintomas de adoecimento psíquico de cuidadores de pacientes no final da vida.
ENTRE O DIGITAL E AS DIGITAIS: POR UM ENSINO RESPONSÁVEL
Authors: Coppi Luiz , Carvalho Gabriela de Araújo
Published: March 2023

Este artigo propõe uma discussão acerca daquilo que diz respeito ao exercício docente e que o distingue da simples transmissão de conteúdos. Nesse sentido, partimos do prognóstico realizado pelo CEO da OpenAI — empresa por trás da criação do ChatGPT, uma ferramenta digital de geração de respostas fluidas, coesas e coerentes — segundo o qual essa tecnologia, em alguns anos, substituiria os professores em salas de aula. Buscamos aqui refutá-lo caracterizando a relação do educador com seu objeto de saber naquilo que ela pode ter de singular. Valendo-nos das noções de "amor", de Jan Masschelein e Maarten Simons, e de "caráter", conforme trabalhada por Jorge Larrosa, argumentamos no sentido de que a ação docente, ao menos uma que possa, de fato, reivindicar-se como tal, não se limita à apresentação de respostas; em realidade, ela tem a ver com uma forma de responder ao mundo — em outras palavras, há uma espécie de responsabilidade por um mundo. Ao final, para ilustrar o que desenvolvemos de maneira mais teórica na primeira parte do texto, recorremos a uma lembrança compartilhada em entrevista pelo escritor Mia Couto a propósito de um professor da escola primária: a partir dos gestos desse docente, tomados aqui como uma lição, como uma narrativa exemplar, esboçamos contornos do que pode ser o exercício docente responsável e, portanto, não substituível por um instrumento meramente fornecedor de respostas.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF NANOFLUID USE ON POWER AND EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT IN HEAT PIPE SOLAR COLLECTORS AND MODELING USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Ünvar Sinan , Çolak Andaç Batur , Menlik Tayfun
Published: March 2023

Solar energy systems have significant advantages over traditional energy production methods, but improvements are needed to improve performance and efficiency. In this study, the effect of the use of nanofluids on power and efficiency values in a heat pipe solar collector was analyzed using experimental and artificial intelligence approaches. A heat pipe solar collector was fabricated and the effects of prepared water-based Al2O3 and TiO2 nanofluids on power and efficiency values were experimentally investigated. Using the obtained experimental data, an artificial neural network model has been developed to predict power and efficiency values. The values obtained from the network model were compared with the experimental data and the prediction performance of the network model was extensively examined using various performance parameters. The coefficient of performance value for the neural network model was calculated as 0.99332 and the mean squared error value was calculated as 2.77E-03. The study findings revealed that the use of nanofluids in the heat pipe solar collector improves the power and efficiency values. It has also been seen as a result of the study that the developed artificial neural network model can predict power and efficiency values with deviation rates lower than 0.48%.
Durch Schimmelpilzexposition induzierte Atemwegssymptome
Authors:   Kompetenz-Zentrum Allergologie/Immunologie, Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Kespohl Sabine , Raulf Monika ,   Kompetenz-Zentrum Allergologie/Immunologie, Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA)
Published: March 2023

Schimmelpilze gehören zur natürlichen Umwelt, können aber unter bestimmten Umständen auch an Arbeitsplätzen ein Gesundheitsrisiko für exponierte Personen darstellen. Zur Objektivierung einer potenziell durch Schimmelpilze induzierten allergischen Erkrankung sollten einige Aspekte beachtet werden.
Obstruktive Atemwegserkrankungen im Beruf
Authors:   Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, LMU Klinikum, München, Frei-Stuber Ludwig , Drexler Hans ,   Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Heutelbeck Astrid ,   Institut für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Nowak Dennis ,   Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, LMU Klinikum, München
Published: March 2023

Durch das Aufheben des Unterlassungszwangs ab dem 01.01.2021 unter anderem bei den obstruktiven Atemwegserkrankungen kommt nun bei wesentlich mehr Patientinnen und Patienten mit entsprechenden Krankheitsbildern eine Berufskrankheit infrage. Dieser Artikel führt gefährdende Tätigkeiten für obstruktive Atemwegserkrankungen auf und weist auf typische Herausforderungen hin, die bei der Abklärung auftreten können. Ergänzend werden einige Lösungsvorschläge unterbreitet, inwiefern das Prozedere zukünftig verbessert werden könnte. Das Frühmeldeverfahren Atemwege der DGUV wurde in drei Pilotregionen gestartet.
Künstliche Intelligenz (Folge 6):Exoskelette für das SHK-Handwerk – Die Exo-Matrix als Entscheidungshilfe
Authors:   exoIQ GmbH, Hamburg, Argubi- Wollesen Andreas
Published: March 2023

Exoskelette sind auch für Handwerksbetriebe eine geeignete Möglichkeit, die körperlichen Belastungen von Beschäftigten zu reduzieren. Um aus dem immer größeren Angebot an Exoskeletten die richtige Auswahl für ihre Bedürfnisse zu treffen, sind die zumeist mittelständischen Handwerksbetriebe hier auf Hilfestellungen angewiesen. Die in diesem Beitrag vorgestellte „Exo-Matrix“ dient als erste Entscheidungsgrundlage.
Unfallversicherungsschutz im Zusammenhang mit Corona-Schnelltests
Authors: Holtstraeter Reinhard
Published: March 2023

Allgemeine Gesundheitsmaßnahmen, wie zum Beispiel Behandlungen oder Grippeschutzimpfungen, gehören grundsätzlich zum unversicherten, persönlichen Lebensbereich. Sie stehen nicht schon deshalb unter Unfallversicherungsschutz, weil sie vom Unternehmen empfohlen und finanziert werden. Dies kann anders zu beurteilen sein, falls ein wesentliches betriebliches Interesse an der Durchführung besteht und die konkrete Maßnahme dem Unternehmen wesentlich dient. Unfallversicherungsschutz auf innerbetrieblichen Wegen zur Durchführung einer Gesundheitsmaßnahme kann unabhängig davon bereits aus organisatorischen Gründen bestehen.
Berufskrankheiten in der Grünen Branche (Folge 1): Gesunde Haut tut nicht weh – 20 Jahre Hautarztverfahren der Sozialversicherung für Landwirtschaft, Forsten und Gartenbau (SVLFG)
Authors:   Sozialversicherung für Landwirtschaft, Forsten und Gartenbau, Bereich Prävention, Kassel, Breuer Markus
Published: March 2023

Im Rahmen des § 3 Hautarztverfahrens (BKV) betreuen SVLFG-Präventionsfachleute Versicherte mit krankhaften Hautveränderungen, bei denen das Risiko besteht, dass sich daraus eine berufsbedingte Hauterkrankung im Sinne der BKV entwickelt. Evaluierungen zeigen, dass mehr als 90 % der Betroffenen mit der Unterstützung, den Produkten und der Beratung durch die SVLFG sehr zufrieden oder zufrieden sind. Im Folgenden werden das Verfahren und die Vorgehensweise der SVLFG erklärt und die Vorteile für die Versicherten sowie für die Solidargemeinschaft beschrieben.
Инверторный источник тока для механизированной сварки в среде защитного газа
Authors: Кошелев Петр Александрович
Published: March 2023

Решена задача разработки, исследования, математического моделирования элементов источника тока для механизированной сварки в среде защитного газа. Предложен, описан и представлен на математической модели источник тока, позволяющий возбуждать и стабилизировать горение дуги при любых сварочных токах без осциллятора как самостоятельного или встроенного блока. Показано, что высоковольтный импульсный источник может формироваться в структуре инверторного источника питания для дуговой сварки в среде защитного газа. Результаты подтверждены экспериментально на опытных образцах. Исследования, расчёты и моделирование проведено с применением пакетов Simulink системы MATLAB R2021b и пакета MAPLE R2021.
Определение дискретной передаточной функции приведенной непрерывной части цифровой следящей системы
Authors: Ермоленко Артем Игоревич , Коршунов Анатолий Иванович
Published: March 2023

Предложен способ вычисления коэффициентов дискретной передаточной функции, не требующий трудоемкого получения описывающих их аналитических выражений. Способ основан на совпадении значений переходной характеристики дискретной приведенной непрерывной части и дискретных значений переходной характеристики непрерывной части (НЧ). Последние можно вычислить любым известным способом. Разработан алгоритм вычислений, позволяющий по заданным постоянным времени НЧ и периоду дискретизации рассчитать значения дискретной передаточной функции при единичном коэффициенте преобразования. Приведен пример составления Matlab-программы вычислений. Применение программы дало результат, совпавший с расчетом по формулам, полученным классическим методом.
Ток обмотки статора и внешнее магнитное поле асинхронного электродвигателя
Authors: Ямансарин Ильдар Ильдусович , Саликов Михаил Петрович , Падеев Александр Сергеевич , Сурков Дмитрий Вячеславович
Published: March 2023

Изложены результаты исследования полей рассеяния лобовых частей обмотки статора. Проведены опыты холостого хода и испытание асинхронного электродвигателя под нагрузкой. Результаты исследования показали, что ток статора и внешнее магнитное поле имеют одинаковый гармонический состав. Соответствующие гармоники тока статора и внешнего магнитного поля имеют одинаковый характер зависимостей при изменении напряжения питания и нагрузки асинхронного электродвигателя. Способы диагностики технического состояния по гармоническому составу тока статора могут быть применимы для диагностики по внешнему магнитному полю рассеяния лобовых частей обмотки статора.
Validation of Doi’s weighted average glucose as a measure of post-load glucose excursion for clinical use
Authors: Badran Saif , Doi Suhail , Hammouda Atalla , Musa Omran , Habib Abdella
Published: March 2023

In this study, we examined the performance of a novel index of glucose excursion (Doi’s weighted average glucose; dwAG) in relation to the conventional measure of area under the oral glucose tolerance test (A-GTT) and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S) and pancreatic beta cell function (HOMA-B). A cross-sectional comparison of the new index was conducted using 66 oral glucose tolerance tests (GTTs) performed at different follow-up times among 27 participants who had undergone surgical subcutaneous fat removal (SSFR). Comparisons across categories were made using box plots and the Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA on ranks. Passing-Bablok regression was used to compare the dwAG against the conventional A-GTT. The Passing-Bablok regression model suggested a cutoff for normal values for A-GTT of 15.14 mmol/L·2h-1 compared to the dwAG’s suggested threshold of 6.8 mmol/L. For every 1 mmol/L·2h-1 increase in A-GTT, the dwAG value increased by 0.473 mmol/L. The glucose area under the curve correlated well with the four defined dwAG categories, with at least one of the categories having a different A-GTT curve (KW Chi2 = 52.8 [df = 3], P < 0.001). The HOMA-S tertiles were also associated with significantly different level of glucose excursion measured through both the dwAG value (KW Chi2 = 11.4 [df = 2], P = 0.003) and A-GTT measure (KW Chi2 = 13.1 [df = 2], P = 0.001). It is concluded that the dwAG value and categories serve as a simple and accurate tool that can be used for interpreting glucose homeostasis across clinical settings.
A Systematic Career Advising Model and Strategies for Medical Students
Authors: Lee Young-Hee
Published: March 2023

One of the important roles of medical schools is to support medical students in deciding upon their future career path or choosing their specialty. The purpose of this study is to suggest a career advising model and strategies for medical students through a systematic approach. This study consists of three parts. The first part introduces some main career theories: super’s career development theory, career decision-making theory, social cognitive career theory, and ecosystem theory. The second part proposes a systematic career advising model using the results acquired from previous studies and theories. This model considers a medical school as a social system that consists of two domains (internal and external). This social system is considered as a complex where various factors interact with each other: students’ individual characteristics, institutional policies and culture, curriculum and learning experience, students’ perceived specialty characteristics, and aspects of the external environment such as healthcare systems. The third part suggests some career advising strategies based on a systematic approach that medical schools can apply. These research results can be used for designing career advising courses for medical students, integrating various career advising programs and resources of medical schools, and evaluating the outcomes of career advising programs at an institutional level.
Assessing Life Surveys of Medical Students and Need-Based Student Services
Authors: Kim Seon-Kyoung , Bae Jae-Hoon , Lee Jae-Ho
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of a study on the psychological state, lifestyle, self-management ability, and academic adaptation of medical students, and to present examples of improvement of a student support center based on the results. A medical school in Daegu has been surveying the living conditions of students every year for 6 years since 2016. More than 60% of medical students experienced depression and more than 70% experienced stress, but these rates have significantly improved over the past 5 years. There were many cases of drinking or smoking to relieve stress, but the frequency of drinking recently decreased substantially. Some students had difficulties in emotional regulation (11.5%) and time management (16.6%), and challenges in planning and self-management increased significantly during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The satisfaction and adaptability of medical students are high, but the number of students who are not satisfied with but negative response rate is 2%-3% in every year. However, satisfaction has significantly increased in tandem with curriculum changes and COVID-19. Based on these data, the counseling system was reorganized to support psychological stability, the medical humanities curriculum was improved, and changes in actual quality of life were induced by developing and operating non-curricular programs. Furthermore, standardized questionnaires will be developed and data from many medical schools will be shared, which is expected to support medical students more effectively.
Exploring the Psychosocial Characteristics and Systematic Support of Academically Maladjusted Students
Authors: Park Young-Soon , Chun Kyunghee , Lee Tae Hee
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to explore the psychosocial characteristics of academically maladjusted students and the College's current status regarding academic maladjustment based on 4-year medical student cohort data collected from 2018 to 2021 and through interviews with 10 medical education experts using the integrated research method. This study included 223 students who consented to inclusion in the student cohort and participated in the emotional behavior test and college adaptability test of whom 65 students experienced academic maladjustment. Academically maladjusted students had significantly higher scores for social stress, anxiety, sense of inadequacy, attention, hyperactivity, and school maladjustment, and significantly lower scores for relationships with parents, interpersonal relationships, self-esteem, self-confidence, and self-strength. Academic and social integrity, emotional stability, university satisfaction, and university service satisfaction were all significantly lower in the academically maladjusted students than in the non-maladjusted group. The expert interviews indicated that academic maladjustment was mainly recognized as a personal problem, with causes such as lack of motivation and learning methods, vulnerability to stress, lack of social relationships and alienation, lack of support from the family, and insufficient resilience. Systematic support other than counseling for academically maladjusted students is required, and an early diagnosis and preventive intervention are important.
Differences in Clinical Professors’ Work-Life Balance by Position in Medical Schools
Authors: Kim Yu Ra , Lee Hwan Ho , Yune So Jung
Published: March 2023

We investigated the work-life balance of clinical professors in charge of patient care, research, and education at medical schools and the demand for work-life balance support according to position (professor, associate professor, or assistant professor). In total, 163 clinical professors completed the consent form and participated in the study. They filled out an online survey consisting of questions about essential characteristics, a work-life balance test, stress, burnout, work-life satisfaction, and work-life balance support needs. We analyzed the results by analysis of variance and cross-tabulation using IBM SPSS ver. 23.0. Differences were found in work-life balance, stress, burnout, and satisfaction with life and work by position. The requirements for support for work-life balance also varied by professional status. Professors had a higher balance between life and work than associate professors or assistant professors. The specific requirements for work-life balance support were also slightly different for each position. Overall, there was a high demand for work process simplification and efficiency for work support, flexible working hours and sabbatical years for family and leisure, and career management consulting and training support for growth. Assistant professors and associate professors had a lower level of work-life balance than professors, as well as higher levels of stress and burnout. Professors' job satisfaction was also higher than that of the other groups. Based on the results of this study, we hope that a healthy work environment can be established through work-life balance support suitable for clinical professors’ positions.
Phosphorus Extraction - Olsen Method v1
Authors: not provided maggie.bowman
Published: March 2023

The method is based on the extraction of phosphate from the soil by 0.5 N sodium bicarbonate solution adjusted to pH 8.5.
Sequential Microbial Biomass and Nitrogen Extraction v1
Authors: not provided maggie.bowman
Published: March 2023

The method is modified from the Hofmockel lab at PNNL, modified from Suding Lab protocol, modified from S. E. Hobbie, 5 May 1998.