bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outstanding Graphene Quantum Dots from Carbon Source for Biomedical and Corrosion Inhibition Applications: A Review
Authors: Al Jahdaly Badreah Ali , Elsadek Mohamed Farouk , Ahmed Badreldin Mohamed , Farahat Mohamed Fawzy , Taher Mohamed M. , Khalil Ahmed M.
Published: February 2021

Graphene quantum dots (GQD) is an efficient nanomaterial composed of one or more layers of graphene with unique properties that combine both graphene and carbon dots (CDs). It can be synthesized using carbon-rich materials as precursors, such as graphite, macromolecules polysaccharides, and fullerene. This contribution emphasizes the utilization of GQD-based materials in the fields of sensing, bioimaging, energy storage, and corrosion inhibitors. Inspired by these numerous applications, various synthetic approaches have been developed to design and fabricate GQD, particularly bottom-up and top-down processes. In this context, the prime goal of this review is to emphasize possible eco-friendly and sustainable methodologies that have been successfully employed in the fabrication of GQDs. Furthermore, the fundamental and experimental aspects associated with GQDs such as possible mechanisms, the impact of size, surface alteration, and doping with other elements, together with their technological and industrial applications have been envisaged. Till now, understanding simple photo luminance (PL) operations in GQDs is very critical as well as there are various methods derived from the optical properties of manufactured GQDs can differ. Lack of determining exact size and morphology is highly required without loss of their optical features. Finally, GQDs are promising candidates in the after-mentioned application fields.
A Review of Energy Communities in Sub-Saharan Africa as a Transition Pathway to Energy Democracy
Authors: Ambole Amollo , Koranteng Kweku , Njoroge Peris , Luhangala Douglas Logedi
Published: February 2021

Energy communities have received considerable attention in the Global North, especially in Europe, due to their potential for achieving sustainable energy transitions. In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), energy communities have received less attention partly due to the nascent energy systems in many emerging SSA states. In this paper, we argue that these nascent energy systems offer an opportunity to co-create energy communities that can tackle the energy access challenges faced by most SSA countries. To understand how such energy communities are realised in the sub-region, we undertake a systematic review of research on energy communities in 46 SSA countries. Our findings show that only a few energy projects exhibit the conventional characteristics of energy communities; In most of these projects, local communities are inadequately resourced to institute and manage their own projects. We thus look to stakeholder engagement approaches to propose co-design as a strategy for strengthening energy communities in SSA. We further embed our co-design proposal in energy democracy thinking to argue that energy communities can be a pathway towards equity and energy justice in SSA. We conclude that energy communities can indeed contribute to improving energy access in Africa, but they need an enabling policy environment to foster their growth and sustainability.
A Logit Model for Bivariate Binary Responses
Authors: Purhadi Purhadi , Fathurahman M.
Published: February 2021

This article provides a bivariate binary logit model and statistical inference procedures for parameter estimation and hypothesis testing. The bivariate binary logit (BBL) model is an extension of the binary logit model that has two correlated binary responses. The BBL model responses were formed using a 2 × 2 contingency table, which follows a multinomial distribution. The maximum likelihood and Berndt–Hall–Hall–Hausman (BHHH) methods were used to obtain the BBL model. Hypothesis testing of the BBL model contains the simultaneous test and the partial test. The test statistics of the simultaneous test and the partial test were determined using the maximum likelihood ratio test method. The likelihood ratio statistics of the simultaneous test and the partial test were approximately asymptotically chi-square distributed with 3p degrees of freedom. The BBL model was applied to a real dataset, and the BBL model with the single covariate was better than the BBL model with multiple covariates.
Differential Subordination and Superordination Results Using Fractional Integral of Confluent Hypergeometric Function
Authors: Lupaş Alina Alb , Oros Georgia Irina
Published: February 2021

Both the theory of differential subordination and its dual, the theory of differential superordination, introduced by Professors Miller and Mocanu are based on reinterpreting certain inequalities for real-valued functions for the case of complex-valued functions. Studying subordination and superordination properties using different types of operators is a technique that is still widely used, some studies resulting in sandwich-type theorems as is the case in the present paper. The fractional integral of confluent hypergeometric function is introduced in the paper and certain subordination and superordination results are stated in theorems and corollaries, the study being completed by the statement of a sandwich-type theorem connecting the results obtained by using the two theories.
Sensitivity Analysis of the Optimal Inventory-Pooling Strategies According to Multivariate Demand Dependence
Authors: Derbel Mouna , Hachicha Wafik , Aljuaid Awad M.
Published: February 2021

Inventory-pooling (IP) is an effective tool to mitigate demand uncertainty and variability, to reduce operational costs, and consequently to increase the profit. The major assumptions of the previous works in literature on IP include the following: (1) Independents demand, which satisfy the typical normal independent and identically distributed (iid) random variables; (2) dependents (correlated) symmetric demands, which follows to a multivariate normal distribution. The effect of the dependent asymmetric demand is not yet studied. The aim of this paper is to consider this more realistic case. Indeed, the contribution of this paper is twofold. Firstly, it analyzes both the sensitivity of dependence structure and the levels of skewness of distributions on IP policies in terms of optimal total cost and demand satisfaction constraint. Secondly, both symmetric and asymmetric demand distributions are modeled using various beta distribution and the dependance between demands are modeled using various copulas. A newsvendor problem inspired by the literature, with two decentralized locations and two centralized locations, is considered the empirical study. For each dependance situation, three IP models are considered: inventory centralization, regular transshipments, and independent systems. The results suggest divergences in the decisions in about 9% of cases. Bad choice of marginal distributions given that the copula is appropriate can lead to divergences that vary between 2.2% and 4%, depending on whether the demand distributions are symmetric or asymmetric.
Assessing the Risk of Exotic Mosquito Incursion through an International Seaport, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
Authors: Webb Cameron E. , Porigneaux Philippe G. , Durrheim David N.
Published: February 2021

Exotic mosquitoes, especially container-inhabiting species such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, pose a risk to Australia as they bring with them potentially significant pest and public health concerns. Notwithstanding the threat to public health and wellbeing, significant economic costs associated with the burden of mosquito control would fall to local authorities. Detection of these mosquitoes at airports and seaports has highlighted pathways of introduction but surveillance programs outside these first ports of entry are not routinely conducted in the majority of Australian cities. To assist local authorities to better prepare response plans for exotic mosquito incursions, an investigation was undertaken to determine the extent of habitats suitable for container-inhabiting mosquitoes in over 300 residential properties adjacent to the Port of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW. More than 1500 water-holding containers were recorded, most commonly pot plant saucers, roof gutters, and water-holding plants (e.g., bromeliads). There were significantly more containers identified for properties classified as untidy but there was no evidence visible that property characteristics could be used to prioritise property surveys in a strategic eradication response. The results demonstrate that there is potential for local establishment of exotic mosquitoes and that considerable effort would be required to adequately survey these environments for the purpose of surveillance and eradication programs.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Worldwide: A Concise Systematic Review of Vaccine Acceptance Rates
Authors: Sallam Malik
Published: February 2021

Utility of vaccine campaigns to control coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is not merely dependent on vaccine efficacy and safety. Vaccine acceptance among the general public and healthcare workers appears to have a decisive role in the successful control of the pandemic. The aim of this review was to provide an up-to-date assessment of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance rates worldwide. A systematic search of the peer-reviewed English survey literature indexed in PubMed was done on 25 December 2020. Results from 31 peer-reviewed published studies met the inclusion criteria and formed the basis for the final COVID-19 vaccine acceptance estimates. Survey studies on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates were found from 33 different countries. Among adults representing the general public, the highest COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates were found in Ecuador (97.0%), Malaysia (94.3%), Indonesia (93.3%) and China (91.3%). However, the lowest COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates were found in Kuwait (23.6%), Jordan (28.4%), Italy (53.7), Russia (54.9%), Poland (56.3%), US (56.9%), and France (58.9%). Only eight surveys among healthcare workers (doctors and nurses) were found, with vaccine acceptance rates ranging from 27.7% in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to 78.1% in Israel. In the majority of survey studies among the general public stratified per country (29/47, 62%), the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination showed a level of ≥70%. Low rates of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance were reported in the Middle East, Russia, Africa and several European countries. This could represent a major problem in the global efforts to control the current COVID-19 pandemic. More studies are recommended to address the scope of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Such studies are particularly needed in the Middle East and North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Middle and South America. Addressing the scope of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in various countries is recommended as an initial step for building trust in COVID-19 vaccination efforts.
Strategies for Enhancement of Live-Attenuated Salmonella-Based Carrier Vaccine Immunogenicity
Authors: Galen James E. , Wahid Rezwanul , Buskirk Amanda D.
Published: February 2021

The use of live-attenuated bacterial vaccines as carriers for the mucosal delivery of foreign antigens to stimulate the mucosal immune system was first proposed over three decades ago. This novel strategy aimed to induce immunity against at least two distinct pathogens using a single bivalent carrier vaccine. It was first tested using a live-attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain in clinical trials in 1984, with excellent humoral immune responses against the carrier strain but only modest responses elicited against the foreign antigen. Since then, clinical trials with additional Salmonella-based carrier vaccines have been conducted. As with the original trial, only modest foreign antigen-specific immunity was achieved in most cases, despite the incorporation of incremental improvements in antigen expression technologies and carrier design over the years. In this review, we will attempt to deconstruct carrier vaccine immunogenicity in humans by examining the basis of bacterial immunity in the human gastrointestinal tract and how the gut detects and responds to pathogens versus benign commensal organisms. Carrier vaccine design will then be explored to determine the feasibility of retaining as many characteristics of a pathogen as possible to elicit robust carrier and foreign antigen-specific immunity, while avoiding over-stimulation of unacceptably reactogenic inflammatory responses.
Proteomic Analysis of ISGylation in Immortalized Porcine Alveolar Macrophage Cell Lines Induced by Type I Interferon
Authors: Zhu Chengbo , Li Jingrui , Tian Chaonan , Qin Mengmeng , Wang Zhenni , Shi Bingjun , Qu Guanggang , Wu Chunyan , Nan Yuchen
Published: February 2021

Interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15), a ubiquitin-like molecule, can be conjugated to protein substrates through a reversible process known as ISGylation. ISG15 and ISGylation are both strongly upregulated by type I interferons and play putative key roles in host innate immunity against viral infection. However, the function of ISGylation and identities of ISGylation substrates are largely unknown. Here, a novel monoclonal antibody (Mab) that specifically recognizes porcine ISG15 (pISG15) was employed to capture ISG15-conjugated proteins from IFNs-stimulated porcine cell lysates. Next, Mab-captured conjugates were analyzed using proteomics-based tools to identify potential ISGylation protein targets in order to elucidate the roles of ISG15 and ISGylation in porcine cells. Subsequently, 190 putative ISGylation sites were detected within 98 identified ISGylation candidates; several candidates contained more than one ISGylation-modifiable lysine residue, including pISG15 itself. Motif enrichment analysis of confirmed ISGylation sites demonstrated a moderate bias towards certain sites with specific upstream amino acid residues. Meanwhile, results of Gene Ontology (GO)-based annotation and functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses of porcine ISG15-conjugated substrate proteins indicated that these substrates were mainly associated with the host metabolism, especially nucleotide metabolic pathways that ultimately may participate in cellular antiviral defenses. Notably, several ISGs (MX1, IFIT1, OAS1, ISG15 and putative ISG15 E3 ligase Herc6) were also identified as putative ISGylation substrates within a regulatory loop involving ISGylation of ISGs themselves. Taken together, proteomics analysis of porcine ISGylation substrates revealed putative functional roles of ISG15 and novel host ISGylation targets that may ultimately be involved in cellular antiviral responses.
Inclusion of Hydraulic Controls in Rehabilitation Models of Drainage Networks to Control Floods
Authors: Bayas-Jiménez Leonardo , Martínez-Solano F. , Iglesias-Rey Pedro , Mora-Melia Daniel , Fuertes-Miquel Vicente
Published: February 2021

A problem for drainage systems managers is the increase in extreme rain events that are increasing in various parts of the world. Their occurrence produces hydraulic overload in the drainage system and consequently floods. Adapting the existing infrastructure to be able to receive extreme rains without generating consequences for cities’ inhabitants has become a necessity. This research shows a new way to improve drainage systems with minimal investment costs, using for this purpose a novel methodology that considers the inclusion of hydraulic control elements in the network, the installation of storm tanks and the replacement of pipes. The presented methodology uses the Storm Water Management Model for the hydraulic analysis of the network and a modified Genetic Algorithm to optimize the network. In this algorithm, called the Pseudo-Genetic Algorithm, the coding of the chromosomes is integral and has been used in previous studies of hydraulic optimization. This work evaluates the cost of the required infrastructure and the damage caused by floods to find the optimal solution. The main conclusion of this study is that the inclusion of hydraulic controls can reduce the cost of network rehabilitation and decrease flood levels.
The First Insight into the Patterns of Size and Shape Variation of a Microcerberid Isopod
Authors: Kim Jeongho , Kim Jaehyun , Lee Wonchoel , Karanovic Ivana
Published: February 2021

Cryptic species are a biological phenomenon only recently recognized due to progress in molecular studies. They pose a significant challenge to conventional taxonomic work since these species manifest low morphological differences, but considerable genetic disparity. New taxonomic methods are in development but have yet to be tested for many animal groups. Isopods belonging to the suborder Microcerberidea are one such group. The Asian microcerberid isopod, Coxicerberus fukudai (Ito, 1974), is a major component of marine interstitial fauna with suspected cryptic species inhabiting Japan and Korea. We chose six Korean populations with high molecular interpopulations divergence and applied 2D landmark-based geometric morphometrics to cephalic sensilla, pleonal points, and male pleopod II. This quantitative approach allowed us to study interpopulation size and shape variations, morphospace structure, and whether the morphological pattern mirrored the genetic species. We determined that a high degree of interpopulation size variation significantly influences shape changes. Once we removed the allometric effect, the size-corrected male pleopod II shape variations yielded a new species, C. jangsaensis sp. nov. At the same time, we were able to resolve the C. fukadai species complex.
FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF LIQUID PROPELLANT SETTLING IN THE TANKS OF A SPACE PROPULSION SYSTEM AFTER FLYING IN ZERO GRAVITY USING A SEPARATING TURN MANUEVER OF THE ORBITAL UNIT
Authors: TUPITSIN Nikolay N.
Published: February 2021

The paper presents results of preliminary design feasibility studies of using inertial settling of liquid propellant in tanks of space liquid rocket propulsion systems and separating from the propellant the ullage gases formed in zero gravity by means of centrifugal forces generated when the orbital unit performs the programmed turn maneuver proposed by the author.
It shows that performing propellant settling and ullage gas separation by means of the separating turn maneuver makes it possible to significantly reduce propellant consumption in propulsion systems for attitude control and ullage engines.
Key words: space liquid rocket propulsion system, main engine, separation of ullage gases from liquid propellant, separating turn maneuver of the orbital unit.
MEMAHAMI SAHAM SYARIAH: Kajian Atas aspek legal dalam pandangan Hukum Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Berutu Ali Geno
Published: February 2021

Kemajuan teknologi bukanlah sesuatu yang harus kita hindari, karena pada dasarnya teknologi tersebut hadir untuk memberikan kemudahan kepada manusia dan kita harus bisa menyesusaikan diri dengan kemajuan tersebut. Teknologi sekarang ini juga telah merambah keranah keuangan yang kita kenal dengan teknologi finansial (fintech) yang menjanjikan kemudahan dalam bertransaksi termasuk didalamnya transaksi dipasar modal dengan menggunakan online trading system. Banyak kalangan yang masih meragukan terkait kehalalan melakukan jual beli di pasar modal sehingga menunda niatnya untuk menginvestasikan dananya pada pasar modal khususnya saham Syariah. Padahal seperti kita ketahui bertransaski dipasar modal mempunyai legalitas fatwa dari DSN-MUI sebagi dasar hukum bagi setiap investor untuk berinvestasi pada produk-produk pasar modal yang tidak bertentangan dengan kriteria Syariah yang telah diseleksi oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). Dengan bertransaksi dipasar modal kita akan mendapatkan keuntungan berupa capital gain dan deviden selain itu kita juga telah ikut berperan aktif dalam mendukung pembangunan negeri ini dengan membeli saham-saham perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia.
Um preto e branco colorido:
Authors: De Alencar Pereira de Souza Junior Roberto
Published: February 2021

Não consta para "obras visuais". Todavia, se exigido posso adicionar posteriormente.
De quem é o Brasil que aparece na tela? Uma análise sobre narrativa, poder e representação social na teledramaturgia brasileira
Authors: Ruy Luana
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho buscou construir uma reflexão sobre as narrativas construídas na teledramaturgia sobre o Brasil e mais especificamente sobre questões que envolvem raça e racismo. A telenovela se configura como um dos principais produtos televisivos no Brasil, operando enquanto elemento simbólico e cultural, assim como potente ferramenta para a constituição de um imaginário social. Ao assumir o papel de narrar a realidade social brasileira, a telenovela pode ser compreendida como instrumento fundamental, tanto para visibilizar certos assuntos, quanto para silenciar outros. Diante disso, pretendeu-se, em um primeiro momento. refletir sobre esse papel a partir da noção de narrador desenvolvida por Benjamin (1994) e em seguida refletir sobre a concepção de Hall (2016) sobre Regimes de Representação. Pensar em narrativa é pensar na experiência daquele que narra, no caso das telenovelas, compreendeu-se que as posições de narradores estiveram circunscritas à alguns sujeitos, que historicamente, se imputaram da tarefa de narrar até mesmo a experiência de sujeito outros. Nessa perspectiva, narrar é ter o poder de falar ao grande público partindo de um determinado ponto de vista, desse modo: qual ponto de vista tem sido historicamente privilegiado? Em síntese, enquanto esses espaços não se abrirem a novas possibilidades narrativas teremos que encarar como narrativa da realidade social, ou de nação a experiência de sujeitos muito particulares e que experienciam o social de uma forma distinta, e além disso, encararmos que estes produtos sejam vendidos mundo afora com o intuito de narrar e representar o Brasil real.
Direito, gênero e ensino superior
Authors: Ronconi Fernandes Jéssica
Published: February 2021

A presente pesquisa analisou a presença feminina no universo do ensino jurídico por meio do estudo de duas faculdades tradicionais – uma pública e uma particular – no Estado de São Paulo. Tendo em vista que estudos contemporâneos sobre as carreiras jurídicas mostram que as mulheres estão conseguindo ingressar nessas profissões, embora elas estejam em cargos inferiores aos dos homens, investigamos se esse processo de feminização também ocorre no ensino jurídico. Para tanto, investigamos o recrutamento social, as aspirações profissionais e as áreas jurídicas preferenciais dos alunos e alunas do direito por meio da aplicação de questionários em turmas ingressantes de 2016 e do levantamento de TCCs entregues ao final de 2015. O exame dos docentes, por sua vez, foi realizado por meio da análise de seus Currículos Lattes e pela realização de algumas entrevistas centradas em suas trajetórias de vida e nas suas percepções sobre as mulheres no ensino jurídico.

Palavras-chave: Direito – Gênero – Academia – Feminização.
Cantata “In Memory of Antokolsky”: Almost Forgotten Work of Russian Music
Authors: Климовицкий А.И.
Published: February 2021

Статья посвящена совместному произведению А. К. Глазунова и А. К. Лядова, созданному по инициативе В. В. Стасова, - кантате «Памяти Антокольского» на текст С. Я. Маршака. Рассматриваются напряженные и порой почти конфликтные ситуации, сопровождавшие буквально каждую из стадий работы над сочинением. Впервые представлена еврейская песня, которую записал Глазунов, услышав ее в исполнении М. М. Антокольского, и которая была использована Лядовым в кантате. Внимание Лядова к еврейскому напеву, готовность ввести его в свое сочинение стали свидетельством культурной открытости и отзывчивости композитора. Его опыт - после М. И. Глинки, М. П. Мусоргского, Н. А. Римского-Корсакова - явился связующим звеном в обращении русских композиторов к еврейской песне на рубеже XIX и XX столетий.

The article is devoted to the joint work of A.K.Glazunov and A.K.Lyadov, created on the ini tiative of V.V.Stasov, the cantata In Memory of Antokolsky to the text by S.Ya. Marshak. Tense and sometimes almost conflict situations are examined that accompanied literally every stage of the work on the composition. For the first time, a Jewish song was presented, which Glazunov recorded when he heard it performed by M.M.Antokolsky, and which Lyadov used in the cantata. Lyadovs attention to the Jewish chorus, his readiness to introduce him into his composition became a testament to the composers cultural openness and responsiveness. His experience after M. I.Glinka, M.P.Mussorgsky, N.A.Rimsky-Korsakov was a connecting link for Russian composers in addressing Jewish song at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
The Expulsion of “The Women of Trachis.” On A. Shenshin’s Music to Unrealized Production of Moscow Art Theater
Authors: Наумов А.В.
Published: February 2021

Трагедия Софокла «Трахинянки» готовилась к постановке группой актеров под руководством О. Л. Книппер-Чеховой на протяжении сезона 1925/1926 года и была доведена до стадии перехода к сценическим репетициям, изготовлению декораций и костюмов. Однако в дальнейшем творческие планы театра изменились: несмотря на одобрение проделанной работы самим К. С. Станиславским, спектакль выпущен не был. Одним из редких документов, напоминающих о не воплощенном замысле, осталась музыка, специально написанная А. А. Шеншиным, но так никогда и не прозвучавшая. Пример этого оригинального сочинения дает возможность упомянуть о некоторых ярких чертах отечественной культуры 1920-х годов, получивших индивидуальное преломление в творческом опыте музыканта.

Sophocles tragedy The Women of Trachis have been preparing to stage during the theatrical season 19251926 by the group of actors under the leadership of O.Knipper-Chekhova. The performance was brought to the phase of stage repetitions with decorations and costumes. However it wasnt finished although Stanislavsky himself approved the work. One of the miraculously preserved materials resembling that non-incarnated intent was a musical score by A.Shenshin, made specially for it, but never sounded. The example of the original opus gives now the opportunity to mention some bright features of Russian culture of the 1920s and the individual transforming of them in the creative experience of the musician.
“Left-hander” by Nikolai Leskov and Rodion Shchedrin: Righteousness as a Constant of Russian Self-consciousness
Authors: Карпун Н.А.
Published: February 2021

Статья посвящена теме праведничества в творчестве Н. С. Лескова и Р. К. Щедрина - идее, раскрывающей глубинные параллели в мировосприятии двух художников. На протяжении всего творческого пути оба автора неоднократно обращались к образу праведника, без которого «несть граду стояния». В статье рассматриваются ключевые эстетические и стилистические особенности воплощения данного образа и сферы божественного в музыкальнотеатральных сочинениях Щедрина (операх «Не только любовь», «Мертвые души», «Очарованный странник», «Боярыня Морозова»). Опера «Левша» представляется кульминационным этапом в репрезентации подобного семантического ряда. Анализ драматургии произведения, музыкальных характеристик главного героя и персонажей «надземного» мира, прочная связь таковых с русской традицией (народной, церковной, музыкально-профессиональной) наводят на размышления о концепции праведничества как неотъемлемой части русского самосознания.

The article is devoted to a theme of righteousness in works by N.Leskov and R.Shchedrin. This idea disco vers deep parallels between mentalities of both authors. Aesthetic and stylistic features of the characteristic of the righteous figure and divine sphere are considered as a part of Shchedrins opera style (for example, in operas Not Love Alone, Dead Souls, The Enchated Wanderer, Boyarina Morozova). Opera Left-hander are represented a culmination in develop of the theme of righteousness in Shchedrins works. Dramaturgy analysis and analysis of music characteristic of the main protagonist and above-earth world (which strong connect with Russian traditionsfolk, religion, music-professional) are thought-provoking about righteousness concept as essential part of Russian self-consciousness.
Determination of Pitch Row for a Phonogram: Statistical Criterion of “Truth”
Authors: Харуто А.В.
Published: February 2021

Современные компьютерные методы анализа звука позволяют вычислить точную мелодическую линию и определить звуковысотную систему, применяемую исполнителем. Экспериментальное исследование звукоряда производится обычно в ситуации, когда его структура заранее неизвестна. Для выявления ступеней звукоряда осуществляется статистический анализ звуковысотного рисунка и определяются положения локальных максимумов статистического распределения времени использования разных высот. При анализе звукоряда возникает задача обоснованного выбора его параметров; в статье предлагается использовать для этого методы математической статистики с учетом разрешающих свойств слуха. Все необходимые вычисления реализованы в компьютерной программе SPAX, разработанной автором.

Contemporary computer techniques of sound analysis provide high precise melody analysis and estimation of sound pitch row. Usually, before experimental investigation, the structure of analyzed pitch system is unknown. In order to estimate pitch row stages, statistical analysis of melody line will be applied. Stage positions correlate with local maximums of statistical distribution of sounding durations on different pitches. For such analysis, some parameters of estimation algorithm must be chosen. This problem will be solved by applying of methods of mathematical statistics with accor ding to humans resolution of hearing. All needed transformations will be fulfilled in authors program SPAX.
Peer Review of the article by Alexander Kharuto “Determination of Pitch Row for a Phonogram: Statistical Criterion of 'Truth'
Authors: Хруст Н.Ю.
Published: February 2021

Рецензия на статью Александра Харуто «Определение звукоряда по фонограмме: статистический критерий “истинности”»

Peer Review of the article by Alexander Kharuto Determination of Pitch Row for a Phonogram: Statistical Criterion of Truth
Sonata for Violin and Piano by Vladimir Martynov
Authors: Катунян М.И.
Published: February 2021

Скрипичная соната Владимира Мартынова (1973) парадоксальна во многих отношениях. Сам композитор характеризует ее как парадокс: «Это додекафония плюс минимализм. Еще в музыкальном училище я был очарован гокетом Машо, его минимализмом. Я имею в виду, что там что-то происходит и в то же время ничего не происходит». Симптоматично, что к названным направлениям ХХ века прибавился гокет XIV века. Парадоксальна серийная техника: Мартынов трактует ее настолько индивидуально, что она то вызывает ассоциацию со средневековым контрапунктом на cantus firmus, то сближается с 12-тоновыми техниками Хауэра и Рославца. И при этом остается строжайшей додекафонией: «В ней ни одной свободной ноты». В работе с серийной техникой сформировались особенности композиторского облика Мартынова, сложилась его творческая позиция, отразился круг музыкальных приоритетов, познаний, интеллектуальных и гуманитарных интересов.

The Violin sonata of Vladimir Martynov (1973) is paradoxical in many ways. The composer himself characterizes it as a paradox: This is dodecaphony plus minimalism. When I was still in musical college, I was fascinated by the Machauts hoquet, its minimalism, I mean that something happens there and nothing happens at the same time. It is symptomatic that the 14th century hoquet was added to the named directions of the 20th century. The serial technique is paradoxical: Martynov interprets it so individually that it either associates with the medieval counterpoint to the Cantus firmus, or approaches the 12-tone techniques of Hauer and Roslavets. And at the same time it remains the strictest dodecaphony: There is not a single free note in it. On the serial technique, the features of Martynovs composer image were formed, his creative position developed, the circle of his musical priorities, knowledge, intellectual, and humanitarian interests was reflected.
“The End of History” Ideas in Vladimir Martynov’s “Singapore”
Authors: Абрамов И.А.
Published: February 2021

Владимир Мартынов известен не только благодаря своей композиторской деятельности, но и как философ и автор нескольких книг, в том числе нашумевшего бестселлера «Конец времени композиторов». Автор эссе анализирует, как идеи «конца истории», которые Мартынов во многом наследует от философов второй половины XX века, воплощаются композитором в музыкальной ткани его симфонии для хора и оркестра «Сингапур». Это сочинение выбрано не случайно: «Сингапур», обозначенный самим Мартыновым как «геополитическая утопия», вполне можно воспринимать как гимн современному миру, в котором подлинно исторический процесс уже завершился, а культуры Востока и Запада не сражаются за первенство, но становятся лишь общим фундаментом для построения «нового первобытного» общества.

Vladimir Martynov is well-known not only for his musical activities, but also as a philosopher and an author of several books, including the sensational The End of the Time of Composers. The author of the present essay explores how the ideas of the end of history, which Martynov inherits mostly from philosophers of the end of XX century, are realized in his symphony for choir and orchestra Singapore. The choice was not random: Singapore was marked by Martynov himself as a geopolitical utopia and it may certainly be perceived as a hymn to the contemporary world, where the truly historical process has been completed, and the cultures of East and West are no more fighting for primacy, but become a common basement for the building of the neotribal society
Vladimir Shсherbachev’s Fourth Symphony (“Izhorskaya”): The Past and the Present
Authors: Михеева М.В.
Published: February 2021

Статья посвящена одному из забытых в настоящее время симфонических произведений Владимира Владимировича Щербачёва (1887-1952) - Четвертой («Ижорской») симфонии. Задуманная композитором как грандиозный многочастный цикл, отражающий тенденцию 1930-х годов представлять в художественных произведениях новый советский облик страны, она не была завершена, а по свидетельству некоторых современников уничтожена автором. В статье рассказывается о поисках рукописи партитуры профессором Санкт-Петербургской консерватории Н. А. Мартыновым и ее обнаружении в семье потомков Щербачёва. Подробно рассматриваются история создания, первого (и единственного) исполнения симфонии, значение и место данного сочинения в творчестве Щербачёва, а также его связи с задачами социалистического реализма.

The article is devoted to the forgotten symphony of Vladimir Shсherbachev (18871952). Initially it was composed as a colossal cycle and was dedicated to the actual theme of 1930th showing the new Soviet person at the culture. The symphony was not finished and as some contemporaries testified was destroyed by the composer. One chapter is about the search of the manuscript by the professor of the Saint-Petersburg Сonservatory Nicolay Martynov and its finding at the descendants archive. There are history of creation, the unique premiere, the role and the position this piece at creative biography of the composer, its connection with the problems of socialistic realism are explore further
Rock in the Russian Cinematography of the 1980s
Authors: Цукер А.М.
Published: February 2021

В статье на материале анализа художественных и документальных фильмов периода перестройки (режиссеры С. Кулиш, Р. Нугманов, В. Огородников, Ю. Подниекс, С. Соловьёв, А. Учитель) выявляются социокультурные функции рок-музыки, ее роль как важнейшего элемента кинематографического языка в создании атмосферы картин, формировании характеров главных персонажей, основного конфликта. Автор раскрывает функцию рока в драматургии фильмов и в то же время показывает, как рок в союзе с кинематографом отражал дух времени, создавал социальный портрет поколения. Он влиял на их драматургическое решение не только своими собственно музыкальными качествами, своей звуковой атмосферой, но и всем социокультурным контекстом. Этот шлейф ассоциаций наполнял картины многослойным содержанием, активно «работал» в условиях новой концептуальной и аудиовизуальной среды.

On the basis of the analysis of the feature films and documentaries of the Perestroika period (films directed by S. Kulish, R. Nugmanov, V. Ogorodnikov, Yu. Podnieks, S. Soloviev, A. Uchitel) the sociocultural functions of the rock music are revealed. The article considers the rock music as the most important element of the cinematic language, which creates the atmosphere of the film, forms the personalities of the main characters, reveals the main conflict of works. The author reveals the role of rock in the dramaturgy of the films and at the same time shows how rock in the union with the cinematography reflected the spirit of the times, created a social portrait of the generation. Rock influenced their dramaturgy not only with its musical qualities, sound atmosphere, but also with the whole sociocultural context. This series of associations filled the movies with multi-layer content, actively worked in the new conceptual and audiovisual environment.
“Can a Leopard Change His Spots?”: The American Composers’ Fortunes in Nicolas Slonimsky’s Letters to Vladimir Dukelsky
Authors: Максимова А.С.
Published: February 2021

Исследовательским материалом статьи послужили письма Н. Слонимского к В. Дукельскому из Коллекции Вернона Дюка Библиотеки Конгресса США. Впервые публикуются фрагменты писем с 1937 по 1969 год, в которых Н. Слонимский высказывался о музыкальной жизни ХХ века. Кратко освещена история знакомства (1918) и общения Н. Слонимского и В. Дукельского. Тема избранной для статьи переписки - судьбы профессии композитора в США, включая взаимоотношения композитора и дирижера, проблему творческого успеха. В статье освещены некоторые подробности визита Слонимского в СССР.

The research material of the article comprise Nicolas Slonimskys letters to Vladimir Dukelsky from the Vernon Duke Collection of the Library of Congress (USA). Large fragments from the letters of 1937 to 1969 which contain Slonimskys thoughts on the 20th century music are being quoted for the first time. The author briefly observes the history of the two musicians acquaintance (1918) and contacts. The correspondence selected for the article embraces such topics as: the profession of composer in the USA, arrangements between composers and conductors, and a problem of public success. The article also contains some details on Slonimskys visit to the USSR.
The Music of Max Reger in Russia: About Paradoxes of Reception’s History
Authors: Раку М.Г.
Published: February 2021

Статья посвящена одному из кратких, но ярких эпизодов истории рецепции немецкой музыки в предреволюционной России - бурному увлечению столичной публики и музыкантов сочинениями Макса Регера, которое стало характерной приметой петербургской концертной жизни первого десятилетия ХХ века. Такие показатели успеха, как количество премьер и отзывов в прессе, на которые традиционно ориентируется рецептивная история, дополняются сведениями о приватных исполнениях сочинений композитора и другими косвенными свидетельствами о распространении его музыки, включая число изданий в библиотечных собраниях Москвы и Санкт-Петербурга. Сравнение последних показывает, что петербургский «культ» Регера музыкальная Москва не разделила. В этом можно усмотреть причину того, что договоренность Александра Зилоти с Регером о будущих московских гастролях после громадного успеха петербургских не была воплощена. Несмотря на исключительный интерес к творчеству Регера российской композиторской молодежи, более десятка талантливых представителей которой стали его учениками в Германии, стилистическое воздействие его музыки в России оказалось минимальным. Действительным результатом этого увлечения можно считать более свободное отношение к гармоническому языку, которое, однако, привело воспитанников русской композиторской школы к самостоятельным решениям. На примере российской рецепции музыки Регера можно говорить о разнообразных и порой не прямых и не очевидных по своему результату формах, в которых проявляет себя творческое влияние.

The article is dedicated to one of the brief but vivid episodes of the history of the reception of German music in pre-revolutionary Russia to the turbulent fascination of the capitals public and musicians with the compositions of Max Reger, which became a characteristic feature of the St. Petersburg concert life of the first decade of the 20th century. Indicators of this success, such as the number of premiers and press reviews traditionally oriented to the receptions story, are supplemented by information about private perfomances and other circumstantial evidence of the distribution of his music, including the number of sheet music in the main library collections of both capitals. The comparison of the latter shows that musical Moscow did not share the kult of Reger in Petersburg. In this we can see the reason that the agreement between A. Siloti and Reger on future tours in Moscow after the huge success of Petersburg was not realized. Despite the exeptional interest in the work of Reger russian composer youth, more than a dozen talented representatives of which became his students in Germany, the stylistic influence of his music in Russia was minimal. The real result of its influence can be considered a more free attitude to the harmonic language, which however led the pupils of the Russian composer school to independent results. On the example of the Russian reception of Regers music, we can thus talk about various and sometimes not direct and and not obvious in its result forms in which the creative influence manifest itself.
Что нового о полифонической технике Шостаковича могут сообщить рукописи его сочинений
Authors: Гервер Л.Л.
Published: February 2021

Статья посвящена полифонической «мастерской» Шостаковича. Материалом статьи послужили ученические тетради периода обучения в консерватории и рукописи Прелюдий и фуг ор. 87. Показаны связи между ученическими упражнениями Шостаковича и его зрелым полифоническим письмом; объяснены многочисленные авторские пометы в рукописном тексте фуг и некоторых прелюдий, в том числе вертикальные ряды цифр, указывающие на взаиморасположение и перестановки темы и удержанных противосложений; выявлено применение приемов подвижного контрапункта в качестве средств авторской правки.

The article is devoted to Shostakovich’s polyphonic “workshop”. The publication is based on his student notebooks from the conservatory period and manuscripts of Preludes and fugues op. 87. The article shows the connections between Shostakovich’s student exercises and his mature polyphonic writing. In this article numerous author’s notes in the handwritten text of fugues and some preludes are explained, including vertical rows of numbers indicating the interposition and permutations of the subject and countersubjects. It is also shown that the shifting counterpoint technique is revealed as means of author’s editing.
Nikolay Evreinov and Opera Theater: Strokes to His Artistic Biography
Authors: Свиридовская Н. Д.
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматривается трансформация взглядов Н. Евреинова относительно оперного театра: от нигилизма и пародирования в ранних представлениях - к созданию классических спектаклей в более поздние годы. Материалом исследования послужили язвительные шаржи режиссера периода сотрудничества с кабаре и театрами малых форм 1910-х годов, а также неоконченные проекты и осуществленные постановки опер Моцарта, Глинки и Римского-Корсакова 1920-х - начала 1930-х годов.

The article deals with the transformation of N. Evreinov’s views on the opera: from nihilism and parody in the early representations—to the creation of classical performances in later years. The research material were caricatures of the stage director of the period of his collaboration with cabaret and small theaters in the 1910s, as well as unfinished projects and completed productions of operas by Mozart, Glinka and Rimsky-Korsakov in the 1920s аnd early 1930s.
Copyright Issues in the Correspondence Between “P. Jurgenson" and German Music Publishing Houses (1905-1908)
Authors: Ферран Я. А.
Published: February 2021

Статья посвящена проблеме урегулирования вопросов авторского права в издательской деятельности между российской и немецкой сторонами в 1905-1908 годах. Проанализирована корреспонденция московской музыкально-издательской фирмы «П. Юргенсон» и ряда немецких (преимущественно лейпцигских) издательств. Приведены основные законодательные акты Германии и России, регламентирующие данную отрасль права; выявлены ключевые аспекты юридических отношений в издательской сфере. Основным материалом для исследования стали немецкоязычные источники из фондов Российского национального музея музыки и Лейпцигского государственного архива, впервые вводимые в научный оборот.

The article is devoted to the problem of copyright in publishing and the settlement of this question between the Russian and German sides in 1905-1908. The work includes an analysis of correspondence between the Moscow publishing house “P. Jurgenson” and many German (predominantly Leipzig) music publishing houses. It presents the main legislative acts of Germany and Russia regulating this branch of law; summarizes the key aspects of legal relations in the publishing field. The main material for the article was German-language sources and literature from the funds of German and Russian archives and libraries, first introduced into scientific use.

The article is devoted to the problem of copyright in publishing and the settlement of this question between the Russian and German sides in 1905–1908. The work includes an analysis of correspondence between the Moscow publishing house “P. Jurgenson” and many German (predominantly Leipzig) music publishing houses. It presents the main legislative acts of Germany and Russia regulating this branch of law; summarizes the key aspects of legal relations in the publishing field. The main material for the article was German-language sources and literature from the funds of German and Russian archives and libraries, first introduced into scientific use.