bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limits and spaces: Types of learning in the context of non-formal educational settings for refugees in the Greek islands
Authors: Gouvias Dionysios , Oikonomakou Marianthi , Kourtis-Kazoullis Vasilia
Published: February 2025

Background This study investigates the implementation of non-formal educational programs for refugees, which have been implemented in the last seven years in Greek islands in the North and South Aegean Sea. Its main aim is to examine the types of the learning that take place in these educational environments, according to a certain strand of Adult Education (AE) theories, which classifies learning according to whether it is focused on: a) the learner, b) knowledge, c) assessment, or d) the learning community. Methods The study’s methodology is based on the implementation of semi-structured individual interviews, and, through this effort, an attempt is made to develop a broader reflection in relation to the objectives of language education for adult refugees in Greece and to assess the validity of the above framework for the case of AE for refugees in Greece. The research is based on reflections by volunteer educators, who have extensive teaching experience in non-formal educational environments. Results The study showed that the composition of classes characterized by linguistic diversity favors the design of teaching interventions that give meaning to the learning needs of refugees (learner-centered learning) and the creation of a learning community (community-centered learning), and that these interventions utilize the principles of inclusion, differentiated teaching, as well as experiential and work-based learning. Conclusions The findings of the present study reveal that the field of language learning for adults—especially refugees—is increasingly connected not only to communication and survival needs, but also to identity construction, a process involving significant “border crossing” in geographical, legal, social, and psychological terms.
Syphilis in pregnancy: Prevalence, risk factors and maternal-fetal prognosis in Kisangani
Authors: Jérémie Likilo Osundja , Arsène Tshodi Bulanda , Alphonse Lufuluabu Mpemba , Aminate Nawal Mbohou Kouaming , Emmanuel Komanda Likeweke , Gédéon Katenga Bosunga
Published: February 2025

Background Syphilis is a cosmopolitan infection, with recent infections (primary or secondary syphilis <1 year) posing the highest risk of mother-to-child transmission. In such cases, early treatment is crucial in determining obstetric prognosis. Objective This study aims to present current data and improve the management of syphilis in pregnant women in the city of Kisangani. Methods This is an analytical case-control study covering the period from July 1, 2023, to December 1, 2023. The study was conducted at Makiso Kisangani General Referral Hospital, with a study population of 976 pregnant women. A non-exhaustive sampling method was used, selecting a sample of 145 pregnant women diagnosed with syphilis and 145 others diagnosed with out syphilis. Data were analyzed using R software version 4.3. Results The prevalence of syphilis during pregnancy was 16.9%. The most represented age group was 20 to 34 years (61.4%). The majority of pregnant women with syphilis were married (61.4%), in monogamous relationships (72.4%), and had unemployed partners (26.9%). The most common risk factors were having a partner who was a driver (OR: 3.31; p = 0.028), a trader (OR: 8.08; p <0.001), and having a history of STIs (p <0.001) or multiple sexual partners (p = 0.011). In 75% of cases, pregnancy resulted in the birth of a live fetus. Conclusion The prevalence of syphilis among pregnant women in the city of Kisangani is on the rise compared to previous years. Adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with syphilis could be reduced through early detection and standard treatment of syphilis for pregnant women and their husbands/sexual partners.
Machine learning applications in risk management: Trends and research agenda
Authors: Valencia-Arias Alejandro , Jimenez Garcia Jesus Alberto , Agudelo-Ceballos Erica , Oré León Aarón José Alberto , Martínez Rojas Ezequiel , Leyrer Henríquez Julio , Ramírez-Ramírez Diana Marleny
Published: February 2025

Abstract* Background Currently, risk management is positioned as a key issue in industries, which is why machine learning technologies have been integrated for impact assessment, prevention, and decision making in different sectors. However, there are still important research gaps, so the aim is to investigate research trends related to the use of machine learning in risk management. Methods A bibliometric analysis is proposed based on the PRISMA-2020 declaration in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Results The results show a growing interest in the use of machine learning for risk management in the scientific literature. China, South Korea and the United States lead the research. The thematic development reflects emerging topics such as urban trees and Covid-19. Key terms include random forest, SVM, and credit risk assessment, while others such as prediction, postpartum depression, big data, and security are considered emerging topics, reflecting the cross-cutting nature and applicability of the topic across different sectors of society. Deep learning and feature selection are also priorities for enhancing machine learning applications in risk management Conclusions Machine learning in risk management has grown exponentially, shifting focus from stacking to urban trees and Covid-19. Key contributors, journals, and nations shape this evolving research landscape.
The genome sequence of an ichneumonid wasp, Pimpla rufipes (Miller, 1759)
Authors: Sims Ian , Raper Chris , Broad Gavin R. ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2025

We present a genome assembly from a specimen of Pimpla rufipes (ichneumonid wasp; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Ichneumonidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 322.75 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.28%) is scaffolded into 14 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 37.32 kilobases in length.
Neurotropic effects of distilled water real exposed to Kyokushin Karate katas. Neurotropic Resonance: Biophotonic Information Transfer through Kyokushin Karate-Exposed Water
Authors: Babelyuk Valeriy , Popovych Igor , Smoleńska Olga , Michalska Anna , Muszkieta Radosław , Hagner-Derengowska Magdalena , Dobrovolsky Yuriy , Dubkova Galyna , Korolyshyn Tetyana , Zukow Walery
Published: February 2025

Background. Earlier, we showed that placebo intervention (distilled water with false message of Kyokushin Karate katas, KKK, exposure) produces measurable neurotropic effects. This report presents data on neurotropic effects of water actually exposed to KKK.
Material and methods. The study involved five male participants (aged 26-60 years, right-handed, without clinical diagnoses). In the morning, under baseline conditions, ECG recordings were taken to assess heart rate variability parameters, alongside quantitative EEG measurements at 16 loci. Then participants drank blind 30 ml of distilled water exposed to KKK by the first author. After 1.5 hours, repeated testing was performed. Control experiments were conducted with plain distilled water, well water, and filtered tap water. Baseline testing data before and after the main experiment were also used (n=70).
Results. Preliminary analysis revealed that effects of different control waters did not differ significantly, so they were combined into one group. In the absence of spontaneous rhythmic changes (Z±SD = 0.02±0.12), enhancing informational effects were found on power spectral density of δ-rhythm in F8 locus (0.81) and index of α-rhythm (0.78) as well as right-side shift in laterality of θ-rhythm (0.37) (average: 0.65±0.25). Against weak inhibitory spontaneous changes (average: -0.22±0.15), pronounced inhibitory informational effects on 11 variables were revealed (average: -0.53±0.09). Additionally, against pronounced enhancing spontaneous changes (average: 0.35±0.17), weak inhibitory effects of KKK-treated water (-0.29±0.50) reflect significant essential inhibitory effects (average: -0.63±0.40) on 7 variables.
Conclusion. The neurotropic effect of KKK-treated water is based on several cornerstones: ultra-weak biophoton emission from living systems, biophotons emission theory, hypothesis that photons released within the brain produce biophysical pictures during visual imagery (supported by demonstrations of increased photon emissions during white light imagination), discovery of water's fourth phase known as "EZ water" confirming "water memory" theory. When water treated with biophotons emitted during KKK enters another person, information about donor's brain activity affects recipient's brain activity and potentially the neuro-endocrine-immune network.
Duet Bednarczyków i ich Oficyna Poetów i Malarzy. Ukryte między okładkami
Authors: Gorzkowicz Justyna
Published: February 2025

W artykule omówiono działalność polskiego emigracyjnego wydawnictwa – Oficyny Poetów i Malarzy – założonego przez Krystynę i Czesława Bednarczyków. Autorka podkreśla ich niekonwencjonalne podejście do projektowania wydawniczego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem oprawy. W tym przypadku okładki są nie tylko przykładem mistrzostwa wizualnego, ale także kluczem do zrozumienia zarówno treści literackich, jak i zawiłości relacji międzyludzkich, budującym więzi między wydawcami a autorami. Oficyna była obecna na londyńskim rynku w okresie od 1949 do 2011 roku, tworząc unikalne dzieła, w których forma i treść splatały się w harmonijną całość. Jej wkład w świat wydawniczy oraz charakterystyczna estetyka to najważniejsze zagadnienia poruszane w artykule. W artykule opisano również współpracę Bednarczyków z cenionym artystą Feliksem Topolskim.
O bezcennych znaleziskach wydobytych z makulatury introligatorskiej (rzecz o szesnastowiecznych kartach do gry)
Authors: Krzak-Weiss Katarzyna
Published: February 2025

Artykuł jest poświęcony szesnastowiecznym kartom do gry odkrytym w oprawach starych druków znajdujących się w polskich księgozbiorach, m.in. w Archiwum Archidiecezjalnym w Gnieźnie. Karty te zostały wydobyte z makulatury introligatorskiej, którą wykorzystano do wykonania tekturek służących do usztywnienia okładzin, czyli tzw. kompaturek (lub kompatywek). Najstarsze tego typu znalezisko zostało odkryte przez Tomasza Ujazdowskiego już w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku. Odkrycie gnieźnieńskie jest zaś jak dotąd najmłodsze i nigdy wcześniej nie było opisywane.
Oprawy gotyckie w Ratuszu Staromiejskim w Toruniu
Authors: Czyżak Marta
Published: February 2025

Sprawozdanie z wystawy „Oprawy gotyckie XIII–XVI wieku ze zbiorów toruńskich”, Ratusz Staromiejski w Toruniu, 14 grudnia 2024–3 marca 2025 roku. Kuratorzy wystawy: A. Wagner, K. Nierzwicki. Kuratorka ze strony Muzeum Okręgowego w Toruniu: M. Nierzwicka. Aranżacja plastyczna: J. Nawrocki. Organizatorzy wystawy: Muzeum Okręgowe w Toruniu, Katedra Mediów Drukowanych w Instytucie Badań, Informacji i Komunikacji Wydziału Filozofii i Nauk Społecznych UMK, Biblioteka Uniwersytecka w Toruniu, Wojewódzka Biblioteka Publiczna – Książnica Kopernikańska w Toruniu, Archiwum Państwowe w Toruniu, Muzeum Diecezjalne w Toruniu.
PRL nie taki szary, jak go malują
Authors: Makuch Szymon
Published: February 2025

Rec. Wy-twórcy książek. Historia społeczności wydawniczej w czasach PRL-u, red. J. Mrowczyk, Karakter, ASP Katowice, Kraków–Katowice 2023.
Informacje o Autorach
Authors: Markuszewska Agnieszka
Published: February 2025

Informacje o Autorach.
Ephemeral State-Dependent Recommendation for Digital Content
Authors: Shi Lanfei , Liu Jin , Li Yongjun , Foutz Natasha Zhang
Published: February 2025

Practice- and Policy-oriented Abstract

Building upon recent advances in consumption theories, we propose an ephemeral state-dependent framework for digital content recommendations. The framework accentuates a critical, yet understudied, interplay between a firm’s recommendation strategy (assimilation or diversification) and a consumer’s ephemeral state (fixation or foraging). The framework adaptively recommends either assimilated or diversified content based on a consumer’s ephemeral state. Through a randomized field experiment, we provide compelling evidence that state-dependent schemes can enhance engagement and revenue. Although the congruent scheme (i.e., assimilation when fixation, diversification when foraging) generally outperforms the incongruent one, contributing a 7.3% ($19.73 million) annual revenue lift for the platform, our findings underscore the necessity for nuanced personalization. Specifically, consumers with broader, more fluid preferences benefit more from the incongruent scheme (i.e., assimilation when foraging, diversification when fixation), challenging the prevailing assumption that congruence is always optimal. Our research not only adds to the theoretical understanding of consumer behavior in digital content consumption, but also offers actionable insights for designing more effective recommender systems. By accounting for consumer heterogeneity and considering the broader implications of our proposed recommendation framework, including spillover effects, our findings have the potential to influence industry practices and future academic inquiry in this rapidly evolving field.
Solving the Real-Time Train Dispatching Problem by Column Generation
Authors: Schälicke Maik , Nachtigall Karl
Published: February 2025

Disruptions in the operational flow of rail traffic can lead to conflicts between train movements, making it impossible to adhere to the scheduled timetable. This is when dispatching comes into play: resolving existing conflicts and providing a revised timetable. In this process, train paths are adjusted in their spatial and temporal dimensions. This adjustment is known as the train dispatching problem (TDP), which involves selecting conflict-free train paths with minimal delay. Starting from a path-oriented formulation of the TDP, a binary linear decision model is introduced. For each possible train path, a binary decision variable indicates whether the path is utilized by a train. Each train path is constructed from a set of predefined path segments within a time–space network. Instead of modeling pairwise conflicts, stronger linear programming formulations are achieved by defining cliques over the complete train paths. The combinatorial nature of the path segments results in a large number of possible paths, necessitating the use of the column-generation method. Within the subproblem, the shadow prices of conflict cliques must be considered. When constructing a new train path, it must be determined whether it belongs to a clique. This issue is addressed using a mixed integer program. The methodology is tested on instances from a dispatching area in Germany. Numerical results show that the presented method achieves acceptable computation times and good solution quality, meeting the requirements for real-time dispatching.
Sonhos e fabulações das epistemologias do cosmos vivo: costurando modos metamórficos de agir no mundo
Authors: Oliveira Raquel Assunção , Böschemeier Ana Gretel Echazú
Published: February 2025

Partindo da ideia de metamorfose proposta por Emanuele Coccia, desenhamos um percurso que nos levará a pensar, a partir de temporalidades espiraladas, as ilustrações entomológicas da cientista Maria Sibylla Merian (1647 - 1717), bem como as narrativas de ficção especulativa hopepunk, que defende futuros esperançosos em contraposição às histórias de teor pessimista ou apocalíptico. Em uma estratégia de costura metodológica a partir de patchworks narrativos (GÜNEL; VARMA; WATANABE, 2020), mobilizamos os materiais apresentados em ressonância com dados etnográficos provenientes de entrevistas presenciais com G., jovem artesão e aprendiz de curandeiro da etnia shipibo na Amazônia peruana (Tamshiyacu, 2013). Os retalhos apresentados nos permitirão explorar vínculos e pontes experienciais entre epistemes diversas, navegando pela contação de histórias, a oniria e a fabulação enquanto modos metamórficos de pensar e agir no mundo.
Espaço Íntimo
Authors: Amaral Carolina Oliveira do , Krummenauer Isadora
Published: February 2025

Este artigo pretende aprofundar e apresentar o conceito de espaço íntimo, um espaço de alteridade, onde a utopia romântica estabelece uma relação distinta em determinadas cenas ou sequências fílmicas, nas quais o amor é uma atmosfera, um cenário e uma mise-en-scene que aglutinam formas de sentir na nossa sociedade. A partir da necessidade de pensar o que em comum as tramas de romance acabam por exercer, vamos observar o espaço que surge em cenas de vulnerabilidade e desejo. Nossa abordagem será centrada em dois aspectos: a conceituação da utopia romântica (Ilouz, 1997), espaço (Gaudin, 2015; Zan, 2022) e atmosfera (Gumbrecht, 2014; Gil, 2005), para então percebermos como o espaço íntimo se manifesta enquanto “ilhas de intimidade” - que podem nos ajudar a construir momentos sensíveis em narrativas de amor. Tais conceitos serão aplicados em análises de obras como Guerra Fria (2018), Felizes Juntos (1997), A pior pessoa do mundo (2021) e Carol (2015).
ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DA COVID-19 SUL DO BRASIL, 2020-2021
Authors: Mangold Ariane Larissa Silva , Assis Ivaneliza Simionato de , Ferreira Helder , Nihei Oscar Kenji , Rissato Denise , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre , Silva-Sobrinho Reinaldo Antonio , Steinmetz Lígia Angélica Radis , Arcoverde Marcos Augusto Moraes
Published: February 2025

A pandemia da COVID-19 afetou drasticamente a América Latina e seus efeitos têm sido visualizados no âmbito da saúde, economia, político e social, exigindo aproximações estratégicas com os territórios, no sentido de verificar o quanto eles foram impactados. Buscou-se analisar a distribuição espacial dos casos de COVID-19 dentro e fora da faixa de fronteira do Sul do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, baseado em dados disponibilizados pelas Secretarias de Saúde dos estados do Sul do país, entre os anos de 2020-2021. Foram calculadas as taxas de incidência e mortalidade, as quais foram analisadas estatisticamente para comparação das taxas e construção de modelos de regressão. Analisou-se a dependência espacial aplicando-se o índice de associação espacial global (Moran I) e Gi* para análise local. A análise espacial indicou autocorrelação espacial positiva com altas taxas concentradas inicialmente em área litorânea e posteriormente se deslocando para o interior e para a região de fronteira no ano de 2021. O estudo avança no conhecimento ao evidenciar o impacto da COVID-19 numa região com grande circulação e mobilidade de pessoas, o que fez com que a COVID-19 fosse um grande desafio para municípios e áreas fronteiriças.
GEOGRAFIA MÍTICA EM TORTO ARADO
Authors: Mello Campos Aline , Caldas Sanábio de Oliveira Rosália
Published: February 2025

Este artigo trouxe a Geografia Mítica de Dardel para dialogar com a fazenda Água Negra, local em que se desenrolou a trama do livro Torto Arado, de Itamar Vieira Junior. Ironicamente, quem habitava a fazenda não eram os seus donos, mas homens, mulheres e crianças que não só estavam nela, como eram a própria fazenda Água Negra, mesmo não tendo nenhum direito sobre ela. Em uma reportagem recente da região em que se desenrolou Torto Arado, vê-se que hoje se exerce muito mais uma Geografia Científica. Desse modo, para seus habitantes, a Terra não é mais um poder, apenas estão nela, não são mais parte dela.
Effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise with virtual reality motion capture gaming system and concurrent feedback on early shoulder muscle activation in healthy individuals
Authors: Park Bosco Seongyeol , Verdisco Jason , Kimball Matthew , Zuhair Aqsa , Edeer Ayse Ozcan
Published: February 2025

This study explores the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) exercises combined with a virtual reality (VR) motion capture system and concurrent feedback (CF) on early shoulder muscle activation in healthy individuals. Thirty healthy participants sequentially performed three PNF diagonal 2 shoulder exercises: PNF alone, PNF with VR (PNF+VR), and PNF with VR and CF (PNF+VR+CF), with the latter two exercises presented in randomized order. Using wireless surface electromyography and 3-dimensonal (3D) inertial measurement units, the activation of the upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), infraspinatus (INF), and serratus anterior (SA) muscles, as well as shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation range of motion, were recorded during three exercises. INF and LT muscles were activated earlier in abduction and flexion during PNF+VR and PNF+VR+CF exercises than in PNF alone (P< 0.05). These muscles were also activated during the early external rotation phase during PNF alone (P< 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in UT and SA muscle activation among PNF alone, PNF+VR, and PNF+VR+CF exercises (P> 0.05). Integrating VR gaming elements and CF into PNF shoulder exercises may promote early muscle activation, offering a promising approach for advanced rehabilitation strategies that can potentially improve patient outcomes. VR motion capture systems have the potential to transform traditional therapeutic approaches by increasing enjoyment and engagement, which can, in turn, enhance patient motivation and adherence.
The effect of Gyrokinesis exercise on fatigue and sleep quality in female office workers
Authors: Min Kyoung-Bin , Kang Myung-Sung , Seo Yong-Gon , Park Si-Hyeon , Shin Mal-Soon , Kim Myung-Ki , Cho Seung-Ik , Kim Sang-Hoon , Park Sang-Seo
Published: February 2025

Fatigue is a state of difficulty maintaining voluntary activity. Cortisol, which is essential for stress regulation, can cause tissue damage when elevated for long periods of time, which is a common problem for office workers in stressful environments. Sleep quality is important for health and cognitive function, while sleep deprivation increases the risk of physical and mental health disorders. Gyrokinesis combines circular, spiral, and wave movements influenced by yoga, tai chi, and ballet to provide a calming effect on the sympathetic nervous system. This study investigated the effects of Gyrokinesis exercise on lower extremity edema, muscle strength, fatigue, and sleep quality in sedentary office workers. Twenty-seven adult women aged 20–40 years were randomly assigned to a Gyrokinesis exercise group (n= 14) or a control group (n= 13). The exercise group participated in 60-min Gyrokinesis sessions twice a week for 8 weeks, while the control group used elastic compression stockings during their working hours. Results showed a significant decrease in fatigue and an improvement in sleep quality in the exercise group. Cortisol and serotonin levels showed a significant between-group interaction effect, with within-group changes observed only in the exercise group. Sleep quality indices improved significantly over time. In conclusion, Gyrokinesis exercise has the potential to improve physical and psychological well-being in sedentary office workers by positively influencing fatigue, sleep quality, and related hormone levels.
Clay ingestion adverse health experiences during pregnancy among African women in London
Authors: Madziva Cathrine , Njoroge Kezia Muthoni , Chinouya Martha Judith
Published: February 2025

Background/Aims

Scientific evidence points to the health risks associated with clay ingestion during pregnancy. However, little is known about African migrant women's self-reported adverse health experiences from the practice, as well as adapted mitigating measures. This study aimed to explore these experiences to diversify the knowledge base.

Methods

This qualitative study used an interpretative phenomenological approach. Data were gathered from a purposive sample of 30 participants through individual semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed thematically.

Results

Self-reported adverse health experiences were mainly constipation and iron deficiency anaemia. Remedies applied included increased fibre and water intake, a traditional herb-clay mixture and medical interventions in the form of constipation pumps and laxatives. Anaemia resulted in blood transfusion and iron infusion in some cases.

Conclusions

Despite the known risks or drawbacks, many women continued to ingest clay during pregnancy, as it was a traditional or cultural practice in their communities. This could cause effects severe enough to merit medical intervention.

Implications for practice

Community-led interventions in collaboration with public health authorities and practitioners that engage women regarding the potential health risks for mothers and their babies should be prioritised.
Does composite bone resection for soft-tissue sarcoma with cortical contact result in better local control and survival compared to sub-periosteal dissection?
Authors: Qu Hao , Wang Keyi , Shi Cangyi , Li Hengyuan , Li Xiumao , Lin Peng , Lin Nong , Ye Zhaoming
Published: February 2025

Aims

Osseous invasion exhibited in soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) is recognized as a prognostic risk factor. Achieving a wide margin is the default surgical approach for local control. However, for STSs where the tumour is in contact with the adjacent cortex but without clear evidence of osseous invasion, such as medullary invasion, the question of whether bone resection can provide better local control or survival than more conservative sub-periosteal excision remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess whether bone resection for thigh STS with cortical contact of the adjacent bone results in better local control and survival compared to sub-periosteal dissection, and to investigate the prognostic factors for clinical outcomes in STS.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 142 patients with thigh STS exhibiting cortical contact but without medullary invasion, from May 2000 to May 2020. Patients underwent either composite bone resection or sub-periosteal excision. Demographics, clinical outcomes, and functional outcomes were compared between the two groups. Additionally, Cox regression analysis was used to analyze risk factors for local recurrence.

Results

The five-year overall survival, local recurrence-free survival, and metastasis-free survival among patients with bone resection was 74.0%, 65.9%, and 74.1%, respectively, compared to 72.9%, 68.3%, and 72.0%, respectively, among patients with sub-periosteal excision. The cumulative incidence of recurrence was 33.1% for patients who underwent bone and 36.4% for those with sub-periosteal excision (p = 0.681). In multivariate analysis, STS with high Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre Le Cancer (FNCLCC) grade, invasion involving posterior intermuscular septum, medial intermuscular septum, and adductor brevis were found to be associated with poorer prognosis. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score in the bone resection group was 24.7, significantly lower than the 28.3 in the sub-periosteal group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Routine bone resection failed to improve local control or survival in STS patients with cortical bone contact, but resulted in significantly impaired postoperative function. A more conservative sub-periosteal excision approach may be preferable for these cases.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2025;6(2):215–226.
Research on three-dimensional path planning of unmanned aerial vehicle based on improved Whale Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Wang HaoCheng , Hao ZeXian , Zhang Yu
Published: February 2025

Addressing the insufficient optimization performance in drone 3D path planning and the issues of inadequate optimization precision and tendency to fall into local optima in the existing Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), this paper proposes a drone 3D path planning method based on an improved Whale Optimization Algorithm (CSRD-WOA). Firstly, to enhance the search efficiency and fitness accuracy of the Whale Algorithm, the Cuckoo Search and Random Differential Strategy were introduced and compared with the traditional Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm, Whale Algorithm, and Cuckoo Search Algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the CSRD-WOA algorithm improves global search capabilities and prevents premature convergence, significantly enhancing optimization precision and convergence speed. Secondly, applying the CSRD-WOA algorithm to drone 3D path planning issues, the simulation results show that the CSRD-WOA algorithm can effectively manage path planning in complex terrains, showcasing its application potential in drone path planning.
Seasonal dynamics and adaptation strategies of krummholz forming Rhododendron campanulatum to water availability at high-altitude Himalayan treeline environments
Authors: Singh Nandan , Tewari Ashish , Shah Shruti , Mittal Amit , Gangola Saurabh , Wani Zishan Ahmad
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the water relations mechanism of Rhododendron campanulatum (D. Don) in treeline areas of the Himalayan region, emphasizing its vital role in ecosystem dynamics. The species, commonly found as krummholz forms at treeline ecotones, exhibits notable population advancement 1.4 m/yr, which could lead to the densification of the ecotone in the future. Seasonal measurements of soil moisture at depths of 15cm, 30cm, and 45cm, as well as pre-dawn (ΨPD) and mid-day (ΨMD) water potentials, and leaf conductance in the forenoon (gwAM) and afternoon (gwPM), were conducted for both trees and seedlings. Significant variations were observed among sites, seasons, and years across various parameters, including soil moisture and water potential components. The study underscores the most negative water potentials (Ψ) during winters, with ΨPD reaching -0.88 MPa for trees and -1.43 MPa for seedlings. Seasonal changes in water potential (ΔΨ) ranged from 0.11 to 0.82 MPa for trees and 0.20 to 0.90 MPa for seedlings. Osmotic potential at full turgor (OPFull) declined from winter to summer, ranging from -0.74 to -1.76 MPa in trees and -0.45 to -1.60 MPa in seedlings. Relative water content (RWC%) of seedlings varied between 68.00% and 87.40%. Leaf conductance ranged from 19.50 to 329.68 m mol m-2 sec-1 in trees and 43.60 to 331.40 m mol m-2 sec-1 in seedlings. The study highlights the adaptation of R. campanulatum and other broad-leaved evergreen species to high-altitude climatic irregularities, emphasizing the crucial role of snowmelt and monsoon rains in mitigating water stress. Osmotic adjustment and high relative water content enable R. campanulatum to cope with environmental changes, maintaining water availability for photosynthesis.
Changes in energy homeostasis, gut peptides, and gut microbiota in Emiratis with obesity after bariatric surgery
Authors: Ali Ahmad Manal , Venema Koen , Ayoub Moubareck Carole , Wazz Gabi , Mahdy Tarek , Karavetian Mirey
Published: February 2025

Background

Obesity is a growing health concern worldwide, including United Arab Emirates. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment option, with to date unclear weight loss mechanisms. In this prospective study, we explored post-bariatric surgery changes in energy homeostasis, gut peptides, hormones, and gut microbiota.

Method

We recruited 19 Emirati adults who were planning to undergo sleeve gastrectomy (SG). We assessed the energy requirements using 24-hour diet recalls, indirect calorimetry for resting energy expenditure (REE), and a questionnaire for appetite.

Anthropometrics included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, fat mass, fat-free mass, and percentage of body fat. Gut peptides, including peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1/2 (GLP-1/2), ghrelin (GHR), cholecystokinin (CCK), insulin, and leptin, were quantified using ELISA. Gut microbiota composition at phylum and genus levels, including the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and alpha (α) and beta (β) diversity, was determined by sequencing amplicons of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA at baseline and three months post-surgery. Comparisons used paired sample T-test, Wilcoxon, and McNemar test. QIIME 2 was used to identify taxa and their relative abundance; subsequent analyses were done in R for (α) and (β) diversity (package qiime2R) and Wilcoxon signed-rank test in R for differences in microbiota at phylum and genus levels. We conducted Spearman correlation analyses between genera and energy homeostasis, appetite, anthropometrics, hormones, and gut peptides.

Results

At three months post-SG, energy intake, appetite, all anthropometric indices, insulin, leptin, and GLP-1 significantly decreased; PYY and GHR significantly increased, and REE was stable. β-diversity of the gut microbiota and its composition at phylum and genus levels significantly changed post-surgery, yet F/B remained constant. Energy intake, BMI, and appetite negatively correlated with several taxa that significantly increased post-SG.

Conclusion

Gut peptides, hormones, and microbiota change partly account for bariatric surgery’s weight-loss benefits. Understanding these alterations can inform personalized interventions targeting obesity.
Association between neutrophile-to-lymphocyte ratio and risk of deep vein thrombosis in patient receiving lower extremity orthopedic surgery: A meta-analysis
Authors: Chen I-Wen , Wang Wei-Ting , Hung Kuo-Chuan
Published: February 2025

Objective

This meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively synthesize evidence on the association between the preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgery.

Methods

Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for observational studies that examined the relationship between preoperative NLR and DVT risk in patients undergoing lower extremity procedures. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models.

Results

Ten studies involving 5,697 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled incidence of DVT across the studies was 13.8% (95% CI: 9.7%–19.2%). Elevated NLR was associated with a two-fold increase in the risk of DVT (odds ratio [OR] 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39–3.12, p = 0.0004, I2 = 85%). Patients who developed DVT had a higher NLR than those who did not (mean difference: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.37 to 1.48, p =  0.001, I2 =  86%). Among the patient characteristics, male sex (OR 1.51, 95% CI: 1.12–2.03), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.06–2.41), and hypertension (OR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.06–1.93) were significantly associated with increased DVT risk. Subgroup analysis based on the timing of DVT occurrence (preoperative vs. postoperative) revealed no significant difference in the association between NLR and DVT risk.

Conclusion

Elevated preoperative NLR was significantly associated with increased DVT risk in patients undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgery. NLR may serve as a useful biomarker for DVT risk stratification in this population. Prospective studies are needed to validate its predictive value and evaluate NLR-guided thromboprophylaxis strategies.

Trial registration

PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024577952.
Comparative efficacy and safety of dupilumab versus newly approved biologics and JAKi in pediatric atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Liao Qiwei , Pan Hanwen , Guo Yixin , Lan Yuxiang , Huang Zhuo , Wu Peiyi
Published: February 2025

Background

The newly approved biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) for pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) offer additional options for clinical treatment. However, the efficacy and safety differences compared to the first approved biologic, dupilumab, remain unclear. Therefore, a network meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate these differences and identify potentially superior agents.

Methods

This systematic review was PROSPERO-registered (CRD42024583658). Randomized controlled trials involving pediatric patients (<18 years old) published in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to October 27, 2024 were searched and screened. RevMan software was utilized for quality assessment, and  meta-analysis was performed using R version 4.4.1. Efficacy measures included the Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA), the Numeric Rating Scale for Itch (NRS), and the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI). The results of these measures were expressed as odds ratios (OR), while treatment rankings of different interventions were determined using the P-score.

Result

This study included 11 trials involving 7 agents and 2,352 pediatric patients. The results indicated that dupilumab (300 mg) showed better outcomes than placebo in IGA-0/1 (OR =  4.68, 95% CI: 2.53–8.63), NRS-4 (OR =  6.75, 95% CI: 3.85–11.86), and all EASI outcomes. Tralokinumab may be the most effective option for alleviating pruritus (P-score for NRS-4, 0.8447). Upadacitinib (30 mg) performed best in IGA-0/1 (P-score, 0.9414), EASI-90 (P-score, 0.9926), and EASI-75 (P-score, 0.9707). Dupilumab (300 mg) had a higher risk of nasopharyngitis compared to placebo (OR = 2.15, 95%CI: 1.04–4.43). Compared to both placebo and dupilumab (300 mg), adverse event rates were higher with upadacitinib (15 mg and 30 mg), and upper respiratory tract infection risk was elevated with baricitinib (2 mg and 4 mg) and tralokinumab (300 mg).

Conclusion

The efficacy of dupilumab for pediatric AD remains substantial, while other agents including upadacitinib, delgocitinib, and tralokinumab also present certain advantages. Future clinical trials may necessitate further evaluation of safety concerns.
Microevolution and phylogenomic study of Respiratory Syncytial Virus type A
Authors: Ahmad Ashfaq , Majaz Sidra , Saeed Aamir , Noreen Shumaila , Abbas Muhammad , Khan Bilal , Rahman Hamid Ur , Nouroz Faisal , Xie Yingqiu , Rashid Abdur , Rehman Atta Ur
Published: February 2025

Communal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes mild to severe illnesses, predominantly in older adults, or people with certain chronic medical conditions, and in children. Symptoms may include rhinorrhea, cough, fever, and dyspnea. In most cases, the infection is mild and resolves on its own, but in some cases, it can lead to more serious illness such as bronchiolitis or pneumonia. The RSV genome codes for ten proteins, NS1, NS2, N, P, M, SH, G, F, M2 and L. We aimed to identify the RSV geographical transmission pattern based on parsimony and investigate hotspot regions across the complete RSV genomes. We employed Viral Evolutionary Network Analysis System on full-length available RSV genomes and with HyPhy for elucidating type of selection pressure. These results indicated that RSV strains circulating in South and North America are not mixed to the European samples, however, genomes reported from Australia are the direct decedents of European samples. Samples reported from the United Kingdom exhibited significant diversity, spanning almost every cluster. This report provides a complete mutational analysis of all the individual RSV genes, and particularly the 31 hotspot substituting regions circulating across the globe in RSV type A samples. Further, protein G and L displayed higher level of codons experienced positive selection. This analysis of RSV type A highlights mutational frequencies across the whole genome, offering valuable insights for epidemiological control and drug development.
A ribosome-interacting jumbophage protein associates with the phage nucleus to facilitate efficient propagation
Authors: Wannasrichan Wichanan , Krobthong Sucheewin , Morgan Chase J. , Armbruster Emily G. , Gerovac Milan , Yingchutrakul Yodying , Wongtrakoongate Patompon , Vogel Jörg , Aonbangkhen Chanat , Nonejuie Poochit , Pogliano Joe , Chaikeeratisak Vorrapon
Published: February 2025

Bacteriophages must hijack the gene expression machinery of their bacterial host to efficiently replicate. Recently, we have shown that the early-expressed protein gp014 of Pseudomonas nucleus-forming phage phiKZ forms a stable complex with the host ribosomes and modulates the overall protein expression profile during phage infection. Here, we discover a nucleus-forming phage, designated Churi, that is closely related to phiKZ. Churi encodes gp335, a homolog of gp014-phiKZ, which is expressed during the early stages of infection, and its overexpression in bacterial cells interferes with bacterial growth, suggesting its role in phage-host interplay. We predict experimentally that gp335 also interacts with host ribosomal proteins, similar to its homolog gp014-phiKZ, thereby strengthening its involvement in protein translation during phage infection. We further show that GFP-tagged gp335 specifically localizes by clustering around the phage nucleus and remains associated with it throughout the infection cycle. The CRISPR-Cas13-mediated deletion of gp335 reveals that the mutant phage fails to replicate efficiently, resulting in an extended latent period. Altogether, our study demonstrates that gp335 is an early-expressed protein of the Chimallivirus Churi that localizes in proximity to the phage nucleus, likely serving a role in localized translation to ensure efficient phage propagation.
A Review of the Modified Multiplier of SES-CD (MM-SES-CD) and How to Use in Clinical Trials and Practice
Authors: Huan Peter W. , Mehta Akash , Wong Emily C.L. , Dulai Parambir S. , Marshall John K. , Reinisch Walter , Narula Neeraj
Published: February 2025

Endoscopic evaluation is valuable in the diagnosis, assessment, and management of Crohn’s Disease. The Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease (SES-CD) was created using a uniform, linear scoring scale of 0-3 for each of its four parameters at five anatomical locations and was designed to accurately indicate disease severity rather than predict disease progression. There is evidence to suggest all disease segments and parameters of the SES-CD do not have equal prognostic value for likelihood of achieving endoscopic remission (ER). The Modified Multiplier Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease (MM-SES-CD), developed by multivariable logistic regression modelling, weighs the individual parameters of the SES-CD including disease distribution based on their prognostic values for achieving ER. The objective of this qualitative review is to provide guidance to clinicians and clinical trialists for how to use and interpret the MM-SES-CD.
Analysis of the Use of Digital Media in Online Learning for Down Syndrome Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nurjanah Sarah Anisa , Ayuningtyas Fitria
Published: February 2025

In connection with the Ministry of Education and Culture of Circular Letter Number 4 of 2020 regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, which requires distance learning, has a significant impact on teachers and students pandemic; with Down syndrome who also have to carry out the learning process online without face-to-face meetings. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods to know how digital media is utilized by teachers and students with Down syndrome and how it impacts children with Down syndrome after using digital media continuously. This research indicates that digital media is used not only for academic learning but also non-academic such as extracurriculars, to train children's creativity and creation. As for the impact of digital media, the informants acknowledged that changes in their children's behavior and emotions were influenced by what they watched. Therefore, it is necessary to have strict supervision and attention from parents/caregivers regarding the use of digital media and their children's viewing.
Sehubungan dengan Surat Edaran Mendikbud Nomor 4 Tahun 2020 tentang situasi pandemi COVID-19 yang mengharuskan dilakukannya pembelajaran jarak jauh, hal ini berdampak besar bagi guru dan siswa dengan down syndrome yang juga harus melakukan proses pembelajaran secara daring tanpa bertatap muka secara langsung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana media digital dimanfaatkan oleh para guru dan siswa dengan down syndrome serta bagaimana dampaknya kepada anak-anak dengan down syndrome setelah menggunakan media digital secara terus menerus. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa media digital dimanfaatkan bukan hanya sebagai pembelajaran akademik saja melainkan juga non-akademik seperti ekstrakurikuler untuk melatih kreativitas dan kreasi anak. Adapun dampak media digital itu sendiri para informan mengakui adanya perubahan pada perilaku dan emosi anak mereka yang dipengaruhi oleh tontonan mereka. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya pengawasan dan perhatian yang ketat dari para orang tua terkait penggunaan media digital serta tontonan anak anak mereka.
Development of a digital twin for data-driven modeling of punch-bending processes using a graphical modeling notation
Authors: Peters Henning , Mazur Andreas , Pandey Ankit Kumar , Trächtler Ansgar , Hammer Barbara , Homberg Werner
Published: February 2025

In punch-bending, products such as brackets, electronic contacts or spring elements are produced from wire-shaped semi-finished products using separation processes and several successive forming processes. Within the multi-stage straightening and bending processes, cross-stage and quantity-dependent effects have a significant influence on the quality of the end product. In order to optimize the punch-bending process with regard to the resulting component deviations and waste rate, this article presents the concept of a digital twin for an innovative hybrid model of a multi-stage punch-bending process. To ensure efficient development and implementation of the digital twin, the graphical modeling notation DSL4DPiFS is used for additional support. It makes it possible to derive the required interfaces of the Asset Administration Shell of the hybrid data-driven model.
Change and Location: A New and Old Case against Functionality
Authors: Marion Florian
Published: February 2025

In this paper, I shall discuss the question whether a concrete object can be multi-located while it is moving or not. I shall say nothing on the vexed issue of multi-location in and for itself. Instead, my discussion will support a ‘might’-conditional claim: ‘if multi-location were possible, then change might imply multi-location’. To do this, after a very short clarification of the various meanings of ‘to be located’, I will first present and discuss Diodorus’ arguments against the reality of motion, since they focus on the question of what the location of the moving item is, and then scrutinize Hegel’s reply to Diodorus’ reasonings, insofar as his answer consists in claiming that an object in motion is in many locations at once. This paper aims to explore the various metaphysical possibilities concerning the logic of location underlying change.
Fundamental systems of solutions of some linear differential equations of higher order
Authors: Fecenko Jozef
Published: February 2025

The article deals with the issue of the existence of fundamental systems for solving some types of homogeneous linear differential equations with constant coefficients, which are created using higher derivatives of the so-called fundamental function. The first part of the article also partially expands on new information from the article [4]. Some interesting results are presented: Let f(x) = xn−

1 sin βx be the fundamental function of the solutions to the differential equation

(

D
2

+

β
2

)
n

y
=
0
,

$(D^2+\beta^2)^ny=0,$

then the sequence of derivatives

D

k
i

f
(
x
)

i
=
1

2
n

$\left\{D^{k_i}f(x)\right\}_{i=1}^{2n}$

forms a fundamental system of solutions to this differential equation if the number of distinct even-order derivatives of f is equal to the number of distinct odd-order derivatives. Another result is that the set of n arbitrary distinct derivatives of the function

f
(
x
)
=

x

n
−
1

e

λ
x

(
λ
≠
0
)

$f(x)=x^{n-1}{\text{e}}^{\lambda x} (\lambda \neq 0)$

forms the fundamental system of solutions to the differential equation (D − λ)
ny = 0. While the article does not provide a comprehensive solution to the issue, it offers the potential for generalizing the presented results.