bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hard palate defect repair by using haired angularis oris axial pattern flaps in dogs
Authors: Nakahara Nima , Mitchell Katherine , Straw Rod , Kung Marvin
Published: May 2020

Objective

To describe the repair of large hard palate defects with a haired angularis oris axial pattern flap (HAOF) and to report the postoperative outcome.

Study design

Anatomical cadaver study and short case series.

Animals

One cadaver and three dogs with neoplasia of the caudal hard palate.

Methods

Large caudal and central hard palate defects were reconstructed by using the HAOF. The flap, composed of full‐thickness skin and buccal mucosa, was rotated at the base of the angularis oris artery. The haired surface of the skin flap was placed facing into the oral cavity.

Results

Reconstruction of defects extending as far rostral as the maxillary canine tooth were feasible on the cadaver. The flap in dog 1 healed without complication and was intact at day 649 after surgery. Two minor areas of dehiscence were noted in dog 2, without further evidence of complications at 1331 days after surgery. Dog 3 had upper respiratory obstructive noise due to swelling immediately after surgery. These signs resolved, but local recurrence of the tumor prompted euthanasia at day 86.

Conclusion

Anatomical studies provide evidence that the HAOF can be used to reconstruct caudal and central hard palate defects extending to the maxillary canine teeth. Its clinical use led to successful closure of such defects in three dogs.

Clinical significance

HAOF provides an alternative for reconstruction of large defects of the caudal and central hard palate.
Epidemiology and genetic diversity of zoonotic pathogens in urban rats (Rattus spp.) from a subtropical city, Guangzhou, southern China
Authors: Su Qianqian , Chen Yi , Wang Bo , Huang Chengmei , Han Shuyi , Yuan Guohui , Zhang Qingxun , He Hongxuan
Published: May 2020

Commensal rats (Rattus spp.), which are globally distributed, harbour many pathogens responsible for significant human diseases. Despite this, we have a poor understanding of the epidemiology and genetic diversity of some recently neglected zoonotic pathogens, such as Leptospira spp., Bartonella spp. and hepatitis E virus (HEV), which constitute a major public health threat. Thus, we surveyed the occurrences, co‐infection and genetic diversity of these pathogens in 129 urban rats from China. For Rattus tanezumi, the prevalences of Leptospira spp., Bartonella spp. and HEV infection were 6.67%, 0% and 46.67%, respectively. The prevalences of Leptospira spp., Bartonella spp. and HEV infection were 57.89%, 9.65% and 57.89% for Rattus norvegicus respectively. Leptospira spp. and HEV infections were more likely to occur in mature R. norvegicus. Phylogenetic analyses showed that pathogenic Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira borgpetersenii might exist. We also found that Bartonella spp. showed high similarity to Bartonella elizabethae, Bartonella rochalimae and Bartonella tribocorum, which are implicated in human disease. Dual and triple infections were both detected. Moreover, dual infections with Leptospira spp. and HEV represented the most frequent co‐infection, and there was a significantly positive association between them. High genetic diversity was observed in genes segments from Leptospira, Bartonella and HEV. Our results first discover the occurrence of multiple co‐infections and genetic diversity of Leptospira, Bartonella and HEV in commensal rats from China. Altogether, the present study provides an insight into evaluating the risk of rat‐borne zoonoses in urban China.
Training of a discrete motor skill in humans is accompanied by increased excitability of the fastest corticospinal connections at movement onset
Authors: Wiegel Patrick , Leukel Christian
Published: May 2020

Key points

The primary motor cortex (M1) is fundamentally important for the acquisition of skilled motor behaviours.

We tested the excitability changes of distinct M1 circuits at movement onset with TMS H‐reflex conditioning.

Human subjects trained a discrete spatiotemporal motor skill. Practice was associated with reduced kinematic variability and improved motor performance.

Performance improvements were paralleled by task‐specific excitability increases of the fastest corticospinal connections at infragranular layer 5b of M1. No task‐related changes in excitability were observed at supragranular layers.

Excitability changes in the fastest corticospinal connections were not directly related to changes in motor performance.

The primary motor cortex (M1) is fundamentally important for the acquisition of skilled motor behaviours. Recent advances in imaging and electrophysiological techniques have improved our understanding of M1 neural circuit modulation in rodents and non‐human primates during motor learning. However, little remains known about the learning‐related changes of distinct elements in the human brain. In this study, we tested excitability changes of different neural circuits (infragranular and supragranular layers) in the M1 of human subjects who underwent training in a discrete spatiotemporal motor skill. Excitability modulations were assessed by recording H‐reflex facilitation from transcranial magnetic stimulation at movement onset. Motor practice improved the consistency of movements and was accompanied by an excitability increase of the fastest corticospinal connections during the initial stages of motor practice. No such excitability changes were observed for training in a simple motor skill and circuits at supragranular layers of M1. Notably, changes in excitability were not associated with changes in motor performance. Our findings could reflect learning‐related increases in the recruitment and/or reorganisation of the fastest corticospinal connections.
Reflection in a High-Performance Sport Coach Education Program: A Foucauldian Analysis of Coach Developers
Authors: Downham Lauren , Cushion Christopher
Published: May 2020

Reflection is a contested but taken for granted concept, whose meaning shifts to accommodate the interpretation and interests of those using the term. Subsequently, there is limited understanding of the concept. The purpose of this article was to consider critically the discursive complexities of reflection and their articulation through coach developers’ practice. Data were collected from a National High-Performance coach education program. Coach developers responsible for one-to-one support (n = 8) and on-program support (n = 3) participated in the research. Semistructured interviews were conducted with coach developers, and participant observations were undertaken of a coach developer forum and program workshops (n = 9). Foucault’s concepts: power, discourse, and discipline were used to examine data with critical depth. Analysis explored “Discourse of Reflection,” “Discipline, Power, and Reflection,” and “Coach Developers: Confession, ‘Empowerment,’ and Reflection.” Humanistic ideas constructed a discourse of reflection that was mobilized through coach confession. Coach developer efforts to be “critical” and “learner centered” were embroiled with intrinsic and subtle relations of power as “empowering” intent exacerbated rather than ameliorated its exercise. This article makes visible a different destabilized and problematized version of reflection, thus introducing an awkwardness into the fabric of our experiences of reflection.
Stress and Burnout Experienced by Intercollegiate Swimming Head Coaches
Authors: Pearson Robert T. , Baghurst Timothy , Mwavita Mwarumba
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the present study was to investigate stress and burnout among intercollegiate head swimming coaches in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Participants were 223 coaches working at NCAA institutions who completed the Coaching Issues Survey, which measures potential stressors experienced by coaches using four subscales of Win-Loss, Time-Role, Program-Success, and Athlete-Concerns. Time-Role was the most significant stressor and Win-Loss the lowest. Females reported significantly higher stress levels than their male counterparts, t(197) = −2.87, p = .01, on all subscales. Overall, levels of stress were not significant by NCAA divisions I, II, and III F(2,201) = 1.25, p = .29, suggesting that coaches across all levels experience stress. Findings highlight the importance of monitoring work–life balance across all collegiate athletic divisions and the need to understand why females report higher levels of stress and how this can be improved. Future research should consider how burnout can be avoided through coaching education and training interventions that might aid coaches who perceive their work environment as stressful.
The tale of a tail: The secret behind IGF-1R’s oncogenic power
Authors: Crudden Caitrin , Girnita Leonard
Published: May 2020

The C-terminal tail of IGF-1R promotes cancer cell migration by mediating adhesion-dependent translocation to the Golgi (Rieger
et al
., in 26 May 2020 issue).
RocA Regulates Phosphatase Activity of Virulence Sensor CovS of Group A
Streptococcus
in Growth Phase- and pH-Dependent Manners
Authors: Chiang-Ni Chuan , Chiou He-Jing , Tseng Huei-Chuan , Hsu Chih-Yun , Chiu Cheng-Hsun
Published: May 2020

The emergence of invasive group A streptococcal infections has been reported worldwide. Clinical isolates that have spontaneous mutations or a truncated allele of the
rocA
gene (e.g.,
emm
3-type isolates) are considered to be more virulent than isolates with the intact
rocA
gene (e.g.,
emm
1-type isolates). RocA is a positive regulator of
covR
and has been shown to enhance the phosphorylation level of intracellular CovR regulator through the functional CovS protein. CovS is the membrane-embedded sensor and modulates the phosphorylation level of CovR by its kinase and phosphatase activities. The present study shows that the enhancement of CovR phosphorylation is mediated via the repression of CovS’s phosphatase activity by RocA. In addition, we found that RocA acts dominantly on modulating CovR phosphorylation under neutral pH conditions and in the exponential phase of growth. The phosphorylation level of CovR is crucial for group A
Streptococcus
species to regulate virulence factor expression and is highly related to bacterial invasiveness; therefore, growth phase- and pH-dependent RocA activity and the sequence polymorphisms of
rocA
gene would contribute significantly to bacterial phenotype variations and pathogenesis.
Modelling Free-Living and Particle-Associated Bacterial Assemblages across the Deep and Hypoxic Lower St. Lawrence Estuary
Authors: Cui Ting Ting , Dawson Travis J. , McLatchie Susan , Dunn Katherine , Bielawski Joseph , Walsh David A.
Published: May 2020

The Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence (EGSL) in eastern Canada is an appealing ecosystem for studying how microbial communities and metabolic processes are related to environmental change. Ocean and climate variability result in large spatiotemporal variations in environmental conditions and oceanographic processes. The EGSL is also exposed to a variety of additional human pressures that threaten its integrity and sustainable use, including shipping, aquiculture, coastal development, and oil exploration. To monitor and perhaps mitigate the impacts of these human activities on the EGSL, a comprehensive understanding of the biological communities is required. In this study, we provide the first comprehensive view of bacterial diversity in the EGSL and describe the distinct bacterial assemblages associated with different environmental habitats. This work therefore provides an important baseline ecological framework for bacterial communities in the EGSL useful for further studies on how these communities may respond to environmental change.
Transposon Insertion Site Sequencing of Providencia stuartii: Essential Genes, Fitness Factors for Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection, and the Impact of Polymicrobial Infection on Fitness Requirements
Authors: Johnson Alexandra O. , Forsyth Valerie , Smith Sara N. , Learman Brian S. , Brauer Aimee L. , White Ashley N. , Zhao Lili , Wu Weisheng , Mobley Harry L. T. , Armbruster Chelsie E.
Published: May 2020

Providencia stuartii
is a common cause of polymicrobial catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), particularly during long-term catheterization. However, little is known regarding the pathogenesis of this organism. Using transposon insertion site sequencing (Tn-Seq), we performed a global assessment of
P. stuartii
fitness factors for CAUTI while simultaneously determining how coinfection with another pathogen alters fitness requirements. This approach provides four important contributions to the field: (i) the first global estimation of
P. stuartii
genes essential for growth in laboratory medium, (ii) identification of novel fitness factors for
P. stuartii
colonization of the catheterized urinary tract, (iii) identification of core fitness factors for both single-species and polymicrobial CAUTI, and (iv) assessment of conservation of fitness factors between common uropathogens. Genomewide assessment of the fitness requirements for common uropathogens during single-species and polymicrobial CAUTI thus elucidates complex interactions that contribute to disease severity and will uncover conserved targets for therapeutic intervention.
Lyme borreliosis: diagnosis and management
Authors: Kullberg Bart Jan , Vrijmoeth Hedwig D , van de Schoor Freek , Hovius Joppe W
Published: May 2020

Lyme borreliosis is the most common vectorborne disease in the northern hemisphere. It usually begins with erythema migrans; early disseminated infection particularly causes multiple erythema migrans or neurologic disease, and late manifestations predominantly include arthritis in North America, and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (ACA) in Europe. Diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis is based on characteristic clinical signs and symptoms, complemented by serological confirmation of infection once an antibody response has been mounted. Manifestations usually respond to appropriate antibiotic regimens, but the disease can be followed by sequelae, such as immune arthritis or residual damage to affected tissues. A subset of individuals reports persistent symptoms, including fatigue, pain, arthralgia, and neurocognitive symptoms, which in some people are severe enough to fulfil the criteria for post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome. The reported prevalence of such persistent symptoms following antimicrobial treatment varies considerably, and its pathophysiology is unclear. Persistent active infection in humans has not been identified as a cause of this syndrome, and randomized treatment trials have invariably failed to show any benefit of prolonged antibiotic treatment. For prevention of Lyme borreliosis, post-exposure prophylaxis may be indicated in specific cases, and novel vaccine strategies are under development.
Efficacy of maternal B12 supplementation in vegetarian women for improving infant neurodevelopment: protocol for the MATCOBIND multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Nagpal Jitender , Mathur Manu Raj , Rawat Swapnil , Nagrath Deepti , Lee Charlotte , Singhal Atul , Heys Michelle , Cortina Borja Mario , Augustin Katrin , Gautam Jageshwor , Pant Rajendra , Swabey Laura , Lakhanpaul Monica
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Vitamin B12 deficiency is widely prevalent across many low- and middle-income countries, especially where the diet is low in animal sources. While many observational studies show associations between B12 deficiency in pregnancy and infant cognitive function (including memory, language and motor skills), evidence from clinical trials is sparse and inconclusive.

Methods and analysis

This double-blind, multicentre, randomised controlled trial will enrol 720 vegetarian pregnant women in their first trimester from antenatal clinics at two hospitals (one in India and one in Nepal). Eligible mothers who give written consent will be randomised to receive either 250 mcg methylcobalamin or 50 mcg (quasi control), from enrolment to 6 months post-partum, given as an oral daily capsule. All mothers and their infants will continue to receive standard clinical care. The primary trial outcome is the offspring’s neurodevelopment status at 9 months of age, assessed using the Development Assessment Scale of Indian Infants. Secondary outcomes include the infant’s biochemical B12 status at age 9 months and maternal biochemical B12 status in the first and third trimesters. Maternal biochemical B12 status will also be assessed in the first trimester. Modification of association by a priori identified factors will also be explored.

Ethical considerations and dissemination

The study protocol has been approved by ethical committees at each study site (India and Nepal) and at University College London, UK. The study results will be disseminated to healthcare professionals and academics globally via conferences, presentations and publications. Researchers at each study site will share results with participants during their follow-up visits.

Trial registration number

CTRI/2018/07/015048 (Clinical Trial Registry of India); NCT04083560 (ClinicalTrials.gov)
Social inequalities in low birthweight outcomes in Sri Lanka: evidence from the Demographic and Health Survey 2016
Authors: Abeywickrama Gayathri , S Padmadas Sabu , Hinde Andrew
Published: May 2020

Objective

To investigate social inequalities underlying low birthweight (LBW) outcomes in Sri Lanka.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

This study used the Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey 2016, the first such survey to cover the entire country since the Civil War ended in 2001.

Participants

Birthweight data extracted from the child health development records available for 7713 babies born between January 2011 and the date of interview in 2016.

Outcome measures

The main outcome variable was birth weight, classified as LBW (≤2500 g) and normal.

Methods

We applied random intercept three-level logistic regression to examine the association between LBW and maternal, socioeconomic and geographic variables. Concentration indices were estimated for different population subgroups.

Results

The population-level prevalence of LBW was 16.9% but was significantly higher in the estate sector (28.4%) compared with rural (16.6%) and urban (13.6%) areas. Negative concentration indices suggest a relatively higher concentration of LBW in poor households in rural areas and the estate sector. Results from fixed effects logistic regression models confirmed our hypothesis of significantly higher risk of LBW outcomes across poorer households and Indian Tamil communities (AOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.83, p<0.05). Results from random intercept models confirmed there was substantial unobserved variation in LBW outcomes at the mother level. The effect of maternal biological variables was larger than that of socioeconomic factors.

Conclusion

LBW rates are significantly higher among babies born in poorer households and Indian Tamil communities. The findings highlight the need for nutrition interventions targeting pregnant women of Indian Tamil ethnicity and those living in economically deprived households.
Enhanced PeriOperative Care and Health protection programme for the prevention of surgical site infections after elective abdominal surgery (EPOCH): study protocol of a randomised controlled, multicentre, superiority trial
Authors: de Jonge Stijn W , Wolfhagen Niels , Boldingh Quirine JJ , Bom Wouter J , Posthuma Linda M , Scheijmans Jochem CG , van der Leeuw Bart MF , van der Hoeven Joost AB , Hering Jens Peter , Sonneveld Dirk JA , van Geffen Otto E , Hendriks Eduard R , Kluyver Ewoud B , Demirkiran Ahmet , van Lonkhuijzen Luc RCW , Slotema Thomas , Draaisma Werner A , Koopman Seppe JSHA , van Rossem Charles C , Over Linda M , van Duijvendijk Peter , Dijkgraaf Marcel GW , Hollmann Markus W , Boermeester Marja A
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Surgical site infections (SSI) are a common postoperative complication. During the development of the new WHO guidelines on SSI prevention, also in the Netherlands was concluded that perioperative care could be optimised beyond the current standard practice. We selected a limited set of readily available, cheap and evidence-based interventions from these new guidelines that are not part of standard practice in the Netherlands and formulated an Enhanced PeriOperative Care and Health bundle (EPOCH). Here, we describe the protocol for an open-label, randomised controlled, parallel-group, superiority trial to test the effect of the EPOCH bundle added to (national) standard care in comparison to standard care alone on the incidence of SSI.

Methods and analysis

EPOCH consists of intraoperative high fractional inspired oxygen (0.80); goal-directed fluid therapy; active preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative warming; perioperative glucose control and treatment of severe hyperglycaemia (>10 mmoll-1) and standardised surgical site handling. Patients scheduled for elective abdominal surgery with an incision larger than 5 cm are eligible for inclusion. Participants are randomised daily, 1:1 according to variable block sizes, and stratified per participating centre to either EPOCH added to standard care or standard care only. The primary endpoint will be SSI incidence according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition within 30 days as part of routine clinical follow-up. Four additional questionnaires will be sent out over the course of 90 days to capture disability and costs. Other secondary endpoints include anastomotic leakage, incidence of incisional hernia, serious adverse events, hospital readmissions, length of stay and cost effectiveness. Analysis of the primary endpoint will be on an intention-to-treat basis.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval is granted by the Amsterdam UMC Medical Ethics Committee (reference 2015_121). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and summaries shared with stakeholders. This protocol is published before analysis of the results.

Trial registration number

Registered in the Dutch Trial Register: NL5572.
Can video consultations replace face-to-face interviews? Palliative medicine and the Covid-19 pandemic: rapid review
Authors: Sutherland Anna Elizabeth , Stickland Jane , Wee Bee
Published: May 2020

During the Covid-19 pandemic, a strategy to minimise face-to-face (FtF) visits and limit viral spread is essential. Video consultations offer clinical assessment despite restricted movement of people.

We undertook a rapid literature review to identify the highest currently available level of evidence to inform this major change in clinical practice. We present a narrative synthesis of the one international and one national guideline and two systematic reviews—all published within the last 18 months.

The global evidence appears to support video consultations as an effective, accessible, acceptable and cost-effective method of service delivery. Organisations must ensure software is simple, effective, reliable and safe, with the highest level of security for confidentiality.

Although video consultations cannot fully replace FtF, they can radically reduce the need for FtF and the risk of Covid-19 spread in our communities while maintaining high standards of care. For patient safety, it will be critical to follow the WHO guidance regarding: a standard operating procedure; clinical protocols for when video consultations can (and cannot) be used; policies to ensure equity of access in disadvantaged populations; adequate staff training; and administrative support to coordinate appointments.
How to renormalize integral equations with singular potentials in effective field theory
Authors: Epelbaum E. , Gasparyan A. M. , Gegelia J. , Meißner Ulf-G. , Ren X.-L.
Published: May 2020

We briefly review general concepts of renormalization in quantum field theory and discuss their application to solutions of integral equations with singular potentials in the few-nucleon sector of the low-energy effective field theory of QCD. We also describe a particular subtractive renormalization scheme and consider a specific application to a toy-model with a singular potential serving as its effective field theoretical leading-order approximation.
The first dual-phase xenon TPC equipped with silicon photomultipliers and characterisation with $$^{37}\hbox {Ar}$$
Authors: Baudis L. , Biondi Y. , Galloway M. , Girard F. , Hochrein S. , Reichard S. , Sanchez-Lucas P. , Thieme K. , Wulf J.
Published: May 2020

For the first time, a small dual-phase (liquid/gas) xenon time projection chamber was equipped with a top array of silicon photomultipliers for light and charge readout. Here we describe the instrument in detail, as well as the data processing and the event position reconstruction algorithms. We obtain a spatial resolution of $$\sim 1.5\,\text {mm}$$∼1.5mm in the horizontal plane. To characterise the detector performance, we show calibration data with internal $$^{83\text {m}}\hbox {Kr}$$83mKr and $$^{37}\hbox {Ar}$$37Ar sources, and we detail the production of the latter as well as its introduction into the system. We finally compare the observed light and charge yields down to electronic recoil energies of $$2.82\,\text {keV}$$2.82keV to predictions based on NEST v2.0.
Spin oscillations of neutrinos scattered off a rotating black hole
Authors: Dvornikov Maxim
Published: May 2020

Spin oscillations of neutrinos, gravitationally scattered off a black hole (BH), are studied. The cases of nonrotating and rotating BHs are analyzed. We derive the analytic expressions for the transition and survival probabilities of spin oscillations when neutrinos interact with these gravitational backgrounds. The obtained transition probabilities depend on the impact parameter, as well as the neutrino energy and the particle mass. We find that there is a possibility of spin oscillations of ultrarelativistic neutrinos scattering off a rotating BH. Then, considering the neutrino scattering off BH surrounded by background matter, we derive the effective Schrödinger equation for spin oscillations. The numerical solution of this equation is obtained in the case of a supermassive BH with a realistic accretion disk. Spin effects turn out to be negligible in the neutrino scattering in the Schwarzschild metric. In the Kerr metric, we find that the observed neutrino fluxes can be reduced almost 10% because of spin oscillations when ultrarelativistic neutrinos experience gravitational scattering. The neutrino interaction with an accretion disk results in the additional modification of the intensities of outgoing neutrino fluxes. We consider the applications of the obtained results for the neutrino astronomy.
From complex holomorphic systems to real systems
Authors: Margalli Carlos A. , Vergara J. David
Published: May 2020

Symmetries in modern physics are a fundamental subject of high relevance that allows appreciating more deeply the physical structure of a theory. In this paper, we analyze a gauge symmetry that appears in complex holomorphic systems. We show that a complex system can be reduced to different real systems, using different gauge conditions, and the gauge transformations connect several real systems in the complex space. We prove that the space of solutions of one system is related using a gauge transformation to another one. Gauge transformations are, in some cases, canonical transformations. However, in other cases, these are more general transformations that change the symplectic structure, but there is still a map between systems. We establish a construction to extend the analysis to the quantum case using path integrals through the Batalin–Fradkin–Vilkovisky theorem and within the canonical formalism, where we show explicitly that solutions of the Schrödinger equation are gauge-related.
Baryon production at LHC experiments: average pt of hyperons versus energy
Authors: Piskounova Olga I.
Published: May 2020

This paper examines the transverse momentum spectra of baryons in the multiparticle production at modern colliders in the frameworks of Quark–Gluon String Model (QGSM). It discusses: (i) the difference in [Formula: see text] hyperon spectra at proton–antiproton versus proton–proton reactions on previous colliders; (ii) the difference in hyperon spectra between the experiments on colliders of low energies and the results from modern machines; (iii) the growth of average transverse momenta of [Formula: see text] hyperon with the energies of proton–proton collisions up to [Formula: see text] TeV of LHC experiments. This analysis of baryon spectra led to the following conclusions. First, the fragmentation of antidiquark–diquark side of one-pomeron diagram makes the major contribution to baryon production spectra in the asymmetric [Formula: see text] reaction. Second, the average [Formula: see text]’s of hyperons in [Formula: see text] collisions steadily grow with energy in the range from [Formula: see text] GeV to 7 TeV. The additional conclusion is the following: since no dramatic changes have been seen in the characteristics of baryon production, the hadroproduction processes do not cause the “knee” in the cosmic ray proton spectra at the energies between Tevatron collider and LHC.
Construction of optical soliton solutions of the generalized nonlinear Radhakrishnan–Kundu–Lakshmanan dynamical equation with power law nonlinearity
Authors: Seadawy Aly R. , Alamri Sultan Z. , Al-Sharari Haya M.
Published: May 2020

The propagation of soliton through optical fibers has been studied by using nonlinear Schrödinger’s equation (NLSE). There are different types of NLSEs that study this physical phenomenon such as (GRKLE) generalized Radhakrishnan–Kundu–Lakshmanan equation. The generalized nonlinear RKL dynamical equation, which presents description of the dynamical of light pulses, has been studied. We used two formulas of the modified simple equation method to construct the optical soliton solutions of this model. The obtained solutions can be represented as bistable bright, dark, periodic solitary wave solutions.
Manipulation of seismic Rayleigh waves using a phase-gradient rubber metasurface
Authors: He Yanbin , Chen Tianning , Song Xinpei
Published: May 2020

In this paper, a new method is proposed to manipulate seismic Rayleigh waves using phase-gradient metasurfaces. This highly compact artificial structure enables the anomalous refraction of Rayleigh waves according to the generalized Snell’s law (GSL). The soil-embedded metasurface is composed of only one column of commercial rubber blocks, which can provide an accurate phase shift to the Rayleigh wave. To verify the flexibility of this method, several metasurfaces are designed. Numerical results demonstrate that the Rayleigh waves can be focused, split, or converted into evanescent waves by using specific phase gradient configurations. The investigation also suggests the strong potential of metasurface as a smart device for shielding of seismic surface waves.
Controlled quantum key agreement based on maximally three-qubit entangled states
Authors: Tang Jie , Shi Lei , Wei Jiahua
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we propose a two-party and a three-party controlled quantum key agreement (QKA) protocols with three-qubit GHZ states and Bell measurements. Compared with previous protocols, the significant change of our schemes is that a supervisor is introduced for controlling the agreement process to improve the controllability. Moreover, our protocols ensure each communication participant contribute equally to the agreement keys, and all participants can negotiate the shared keys without exchanging classical bits between them. The performance analysis shows that our protocols can be immune to outsider and participant attack.
From fundamental physics to tests with compact objects in metric-affine theories of gravity
Authors: Rubiera-Garcia Diego
Published: May 2020

This paper provides a short but comprehensible overview of some relevant aspects of metric-affine theories of gravity in relation to the physics and astrophysics of compact objects. We shall highlight the pertinence of this approach to supersede General Relativity on its strong-field regime, as well as its advantages and some of its difficulties. Moreover, we shall reflect on the present and future opportunities to test its predictions with relativistic and nonrelativistic stars, black holes, and other exotic horizonless compact objects.
Traversable wormholes with exponential shape function in modified gravity and general relativity: A comparative study
Authors: Samanta Gauranga C. , Godani Nisha , Bamba Kazuharu
Published: May 2020

We have proposed a novel shape function on which the metric that models traversable wormholes is dependent. Using this shape function, the energy conditions, equation-of-state and anisotropy parameter are analyzed in [Formula: see text] gravity, [Formula: see text] gravity and general relativity. Furthermore, the consequences obtained with respect to these theories are compared. In addition, the existence of wormhole geometries is investigated.
Decelerating to accelerating scenario for Bianchi type-II string Universe in f(R,T)-gravity theory
Authors: Garg Priyanka , Pradhan Anirudh , Zia Rashid , Zeyauddin Mohd.
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we have discussed string cosmological model within the framework of [Formula: see text] theory of gravity in homogeneous but anisotropic Bianchi Type-II space-time. We have considered cosmic string as a source of energy–momentum tensor. We get the solution of the corresponding field equations by assuming deceleration parameter [Formula: see text], which is time-dependent (here, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are arbitrary constants). This particular form of scale factor enables us to explain the two scenarios, (i) By using recent constraints ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) from supernovae type Ia union data (Cunha, Kinematic constraints to the transition redshift from supernovae type Ia union data, Phys. Rev. D 79 (2009) 047301), we find the values of arbitrary constants [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for which we have derived a cosmological model showing accelerating expansion universe ([Formula: see text]) only throughout the evolution and (ii) By using the recent constraints ([Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]) from SNIa data in combination with BAO and CMB observations (Giostri et al. From cosmic deceleration to acceleration: new constraints from SN Ia and BAO/CMB, J. Cosmol. Astrophys. 3 (2012) 27), we find the values of arbitrary constants for which we have derived a cosmological model with phase transition from early decelerating ([Formula: see text]) to the present accelerating ([Formula: see text]) universe. Also, for the model, we have evaluated and discussed the various physical and kinematic parameters. We have also shown the variation of these cosmological parameters graphically for specific values of the constants. The stability and physical viability are also discussed for the derived models using some recently developed diagnostic tools.
Directional massive gravity
Authors: Addazi Andrea
Published: May 2020

We propose a new model of Lorentz breaking massive gravity in which the mass of the graviton depends from the space-time directions. We explore its consistency: absence of ghosts, tachyons, gradient instabilities, VDVZ discontinuities. We demonstrate that the model is not plagued by any pathology in a large region of parameters space. Within this new theory, we find several interesting phenomena. First of all, gravitational waves propagate an-isotropically in space-time. Second, we find anisotropic corrections to the Newtonian potential, with new extra Yukawa-like phases. Such a scenario also carries intriguing consequences in context of large extra dimensions proposals, as a confinement mechanism of gravity in [Formula: see text] dimensions.
Viability of Bianchi type V universe in f(R,T) = f1(R) + f2(R)f3(T) gravity
Authors: Sharma Lokesh Kumar , Singh Benoy Kumar , Yadav Anil Kumar
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we examine the viability of Bianchi type V universe in [Formula: see text] theory of gravitation. To solve the field equations, we have considered the power law for scale factor and constructed a singular Lagrangian model which is based on the coupling between Ricci scalar [Formula: see text] and trace of energy–momentum tensor [Formula: see text]. We find the constraints on Hubble constant [Formula: see text] and free parameter [Formula: see text] with 46 observational Hubble dataset and obtain pretty satisfactory results. The physical features of the model and transitional behavior of equation of state (EOS) parameter are analyzed. We examine the nature of physical parameters and validity of energy conditions as well as stability condition. We also present the Om[Formula: see text] and statefinder diagnostic analysis for the derived model.
Flow Hydrodynamic Characteristics in the Dam-Break Induced Wave Tip Region
Authors: Wu Danhong , Shen Jia , Liu Haijiang
Published: May 2020

Traditional models assuming a vertically uniform structure of the horizontal flow velocity and neglecting the vertical velocity distribution cannot accurately describe the complex boundary layer flow features in the dam-break induced wave tip region. Based on the assumption that the horizontal velocity profile in the wave tip region follows a vertically parabolic distribution with shear extending to the water surface, new solutions for the hydrodynamic characteristics in the wave tip region were derived with respect to the simplified force balance or the steady momentum equation, respectively. The force balance-based models show the relation between water depth [Formula: see text] and distance from the tip [Formula: see text] in the wave tip region as [Formula: see text], whereas a complex and implicit [Formula: see text] relation is confirmed after applying the momentum equation. Comparing with other models, the present momentum equation-based model gives the best agreements with experiments, which can illustrate the general spatial distribution of the wave profile in the wave tip region. Model predicted characteristics of surface particles’ motion are consistent with the experimental observation of Baldock et al. ([ 2014 ] “Flow convergence at the tip and edges of a viscous swash front — experimental and analytical modeling,” Coast Eng. 88, 123–130). As for the vertical velocity distribution in the wave tip region (being downward direction), it increases monotonically from the bed to the water surface and its magnitude increases when approaching the wave tip. Taking into account the relative streamline distribution and total flow field feature in the wave tip region, the present model can reproduce the uniform flow convergence pattern at the wave tip front, as experimentally observed in Baldock et al. [ 2014 ].
A Comprehensive Review of the Worldwide Existing Tsunami Databases
Authors: Cheng Sixue , Zeng Jun , Liu Haijiang
Published: May 2020

Tsunami databases contain general information of historical tsunamis, which provides valuable and fundamental data to tsunami-related researches. Nevertheless, before adopting the information stored in various tsunami databases, users should be familiar with these databases’ individual features due to their inhomogeneity in data storage. To this end, a comprehensive review of the worldwide existing tsunami databases was conducted in this study. Two kinds of existing databases are recognized, i.e. the individual database and the organizational database. The individual tsunami databases are generally simple and descriptive with less information about tsunami and associated earthquake. Update of individual database is also out of date. Nevertheless, the organizational tsunami databases, with the retrieval function and timely update, are more sophisticated with significant research orientated information, upon which we can obtain the detailed characteristics of a specified tsunami event. In addition, a further comparison is made between two main organizational databases, i.e. the databases of NTL/WLD and NGDC/WDS. In which, the number of recorded tsunami wave heights per event and the number of definite tsunami events per decade both witness an apparent increase after 1900s, and the landslide-generated tsunamis are found to gradually increase after 1960s. The total tsunami events per decade fluctuate around one hundred since 1990s, whereas the definite tsunami events per decade experience a linear increase in this period. It turns out that though quite a part of the data in NTL/WLD is referred to NGDC/WDS, they do collect different tsunami events, and even for the same event, their recording datasets are still not consistent with each other. Figuring out the structural features of different databases and unveiling their connections and differences facilitate relevant research for disaster prevention and mitigation.
On commuting additive mappings on semiprime rings
Authors: Lapuangkham Siriporn , Leerawat Utsanee
Published: May 2020

The main purpose of this paper is to describe the structure of a pair of additive mappings that are commuting on a semiprime ring. Furthermore, we prove that the existence of different commuting epimorphisms on a prime ring forces the ring to be commutative. Finally, we characterize additive mappings, which act as homomorphisms or antihomomorphisms on a semiprime ring.
Starter sequences and M-fold starter sequences: How can you begin?
Authors: Omer Farej , Shalaby Nabil
Published: May 2020

Starter sequences are natural generalizations of well-known Skolem sequences. In this paper, we introduce different types of starter sequences and determine some of the conditions for their existence; we also extend the results to [Formula: see text]-fold starter sequences and excess starter sequences.
Social media in professional, technical, and scientific communication programs
Authors: Miller Jennifer Roth , Dieterle Brandy , deWinter Jennifer , Vie Stephanie
Published: May 2020

This article reports on the results of a research study supported by a CPTSC research grant that analyzed programmatic use of social media in professional, technical, and scientific communication programs (TPCs). This mixed-methods study included a survey of TPC program administrators (n = 29), an inventory of TPCs' social media account use (n = 70), and an inventory of TPCs' course offerings that included social media (n = 27). Results showed that programmatic use of social media requires strategic consideration, particularly in order to generate two-way communication, a goal of many of the TPCs studied. To that end, our article generates questions and guiding suggestions (drawn from our three-part study) to guide administrators who wish to include social media in their TPC.
Spatially Resolved Spectroscopic Properties of Low-Redshift Star-Forming Galaxies
Authors: Sánchez Sebastián F.
Published: May 2020

I review the spatially resolved spectroscopic properties of low-redshift star-forming galaxies (and their retired counterparts) using results from the most recent optical integral field spectroscopy galaxy surveys. First, I briefly summarize the global spectroscopic properties of these galaxies, discussing the main ionization processes and the global relations described by the star-formation rates, gas-phase oxygen abundances, and average properties of their stellar populations (age and metallicity) in comparison with the stellar mass. Second, I present the local distribution of the ionizing processes down to kiloparsec scales, and I show how the global scaling relations found using integrated parameters (like the star-formation main sequence, mass–metallicity relation, and Schmidt–Kennicutt law) have local/resolved counterparts, with the global ones being, for the most part, just integrated/average versions of the local ones. I discuss the local/resolved star-formation histories (SFHs) and chemical-enrichment histories and their implications on the inside-out growth of galaxies. Third, I present the radial distributions of the surface densities of the properties explored globally and how they depend on the integrated galaxy properties.

In conclusion, I find that the evolution of galaxies is mostly governed by local processes but clearly affected by global ones: ▪  Many global scaling relations present resolved counterparts (verified down to kiloparsec scales) that can explain them as well as the observed radial gradients in galaxies. ▪  These relations are consequences of the local SFHs, the narrow range of the depletion times, and a local metal enrichment. ▪  Deviations from these relations are due to dynamical and mixing processes, local exchange of gas (inflows, outflows, and fountains), depletion time differences, and/or differences in the resolved SFHs. ▪  Ionization happens at local scales that may be driven by different physical processes, and it cannot be clearly understood using purely integrated quantities. The dominant ionization in galaxies has a stellar origin.
Post-Translation Regulation of Influenza Virus Replication
Authors: Dawson Anthony R. , Wilson Gary M. , Coon Joshua J. , Mehle Andrew
Published: May 2020

Influenza virus exploits cellular factors to complete each step of viral replication. Yet, multiple host proteins actively block replication. Consequently, infection success depends on the relative speed and efficacy at which both the virus and host use their respective effectors. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) afford both the virus and the host means to readily adapt protein function without the need for new protein production. Here we use influenza virus to address concepts common to all viruses, reviewing how PTMs facilitate and thwart each step of the replication cycle. We also discuss advancements in proteomic methods that better characterize PTMs. Although some effectors and PTMs have clear pro- or antiviral functions, PTMs generally play regulatory roles to tune protein functions, levels, and localization. Synthesis of our current understanding reveals complex regulatory schemes where the effects of PTMs are time and context dependent as the virus and host battle to control infection.
Global Dynamics of Delayed Sigmoid Beverton–Holt Equation
Authors: Khyat Toufik , Kulenović M. R. S.
Published: May 2020

In this paper, certain dynamic scenarios for general competitive maps in the plane are presented and applied to some cases of second-order difference equation xn+1=fxn,xn−1, n=0,1,…, where f is decreasing in the variable xn and increasing in the variable xn−1. As a case study, we use the difference equation xn+1=xn−12/cxn−12+dxn+f, n=0,1,…, where the initial conditions x−1,x0≥0 and the parameters satisfy c,d,f>0. In this special case, we characterize completely the global dynamics of this equation by finding the basins of attraction of its equilibria and periodic solutions. We describe the global dynamics as a sequence of global transcritical or period-doubling bifurcations.
Global Robust Stabilization Control for Nonlinear Time-Delay Systems with Dead-Zone Input and Complex Dynamics
Authors: Xue Lingrong , Liu Zhen-Guo , Chen Junjun , Xu Fujing
Published: May 2020

This article investigates the robust stabilization problem for nonlinear time-delay systems with dead-zone input and complex dynamics. By flexibly using the inequality technique, the backstepping control method, and skillfully introducing a new Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, we obtain a stable controller without using unmeasurable signals in the dynamic subsystem. The control system is guaranteed to be stable finally. Two simulation examples are given to verify the control strategy.
Midgut Volvulus: A Rare but Fatal Cause of Abdominal Pain in Pregnancy—How Can We Diagnose and Prevent Mortality?
Authors: Chong Eelyn , Liu David S , Strugnell Neil , Rajagopal Vishnupriya , Mori Krinal K
Published: May 2020

Midgut volvulus in pregnancy is rare but life-threatening, resulting in high maternal and fetal mortality. This surgical emergency commonly masquerades as symptoms of pregnancy, which together with its low incidence often leads to delay in diagnosis and definitive treatment. Here, we review the last three decades of the literature, discuss the challenges in managing this rare condition, and raise awareness among clinicians to minimise loss of life.