bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The amino acid transporter SLC7A5 drives progression of PI3K-mutant intestinal cancer models and enhances response to MAPK-targeted therapy
Authors: Sansom Owen , Zeiger Lucas , Ford Catriona , Millett Laura , Meniel Valerie , Najumudeen Arafath , Pennel Kathryn , Fisher Natalie , Gilroy Kathryn , Sphyris Nathalie , Uribe Alejandro Huerta , Sumpton David , Hatthakarnkul Phimmada , McLaughlin Sophie , Jones Phil , Vanhaesebroeck Bart , Ridgway Rachel , Nixon Colin , Pearson Helen , Phesse Toby , Barry Simon , Edwards Joanne , Dunne Philip , Campbell Andrew
Published: September 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex disease with key oncogenic pathways, including Wnt, MAPK, and PI3K, co-operating to drive tumour initiation and progression. Loss-of-function mutations in the Wnt-pathway inhibitor APC are the most prominent genetic alterations and are commonly seen as the tumour-initiating event. Here, we have used genetically engineered mouse models to introduce pathway-activating mutations of PI3K (Pik3ca, Pten) and MAPK (Kras) signalling to the mouse gut. Comprehensive characterization of these models reveals pathway-dependent cooperation, leading to marked allele dose-dependent acceleration of tumour formation, underpinned by MYC-driven transcriptional reprogramming and alterations in downstream signalling pathways. We find the amino acid transporter SLC7A5 to be highly upregulated upon activation of PI3K signalling. In human CRCs, SLC7A5expression correlates with the newly defined PDS1 pathway-derived subtype and highly proliferative tumours. Genetic depletion of Slc7a5 in the newly developed PI3K-hyperactive models drastically extends survival by delaying tumour formation, even in aggressive Kras/Pik3caco-mutant mice. Finally, Slc7a5 gene deletion sensitizes these models to targeted MAPK inhibition. Taken together, SLC7A5 drives progression of PI3K-mutant CRCs and is an attractive (co-)target for mutation-specific inhibitors.
Activation of L-histidine biosynthesis as a new antibiotic strategy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: de Carvalho Luiz Pedro , Hunt Debbie , Pisco Joao , Rodgers Angela , de Chiara Cesira , Zaveri Anisha , Pacholarz Kamila , Evangelopoulos Dimitrios , Garza-Garcia Acely , Ehrt Sabine , Schnappinger Dirk , Barran Perdita , Gutierrez Maximiliano
Published: September 2024

The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance is an important challenge that warrants new approaches to antibiotic development. Currently, all antibiotics inhibit biological processes. To explore whether activation of a biochemical pathway can elicit bactericidal effects we engineered variants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATP-phosphoribosyltransferase (ATP-PRT) that are resistant to allosteric inhibition by L-histidine, leading to supraphysiological activation of ATP-PRT and L-histidine overproduction. Upregulation of L-histidine biosynthesis significantly reduces the growth of M. tuberculosis in culture and causes a loss of fitness owing to nutrient and energy depletion. Moreover, the expression of allosteric variants in M. tuberculosis significantly reduced infections in human macrophages and in a mouse model of infection. Thus, metabolic activation is a new bactericidal mechanism that could be applied to antibiotic discovery more generally.
Targeted deep brain stimulation of the motor thalamus improves speech and swallowing motor functions after cerebral lesions
Authors: Pirondini Elvira , Grigsby Erinn , Tang Lilly , Damiani Arianna , Ho Jonathan , Montanaro Isabella , Nouduri Sirisha , Trant Sara , Constantine Theodora , Adams Gregory , Franzese Kevin , Mahon Bradford , Fiez Julie , Crammond Donald , Stipancic Kaila , Gonzalez-Martinez Jorge
Published: September 2024

Speech and swallowing are complex motor acts that depend upon the integrity of input neural signals from motor cortical areas to control muscles of the head and neck. Lesions damaging these neural pathways result in weakness of key muscles causing dysarthria and dysphagia, leading to profound social isolation and risk of aspiration and suffocation. Here we show that Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the motor thalamus improved speech and swallowing functions in two participants with dysarthria and dysphagia. First, we proved that DBS increased excitation of the face motor cortex, augmenting motor evoked potentials, and range and speed of motion of orofacial articulators in n = 10 volunteers with intact neural pathways. Then, we demonstrated that this potentiation led to immediate improvement in swallowing functions in a patient with moderate dysphagia and profound dysarthria as a consequence of a traumatic brain lesion. In this subject and in another with mild dysarthria, we showed that DBS immediately ameliorated impairments of respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and articulatory control thus resulting in a clinically significant improvement in speech intelligibility. Our data provide first-in-human evidence that DBS can be used to treat dysphagia and dysarthria in people with cerebral lesions.
Accuracy of Symptom Checker for the Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infections using Machine Learning and Bayesian Network Algorithms
Authors: Soe Nyi Nyi , Towns Janet M , Latt Phyu Mon , Woodberry Owen , Nicholson Ann , Chung Mark , Lee David , Ong Jason J , Chow Eric P.F. , Zhang Lei , Fairley Christopher K.
Published: September 2024

Background
A significant proportion of individuals with symptoms of sexually transmitted infection (STI) delay or avoid seeking healthcare, and digital diagnostic tools may prompt them to seek healthcare earlier. Unfortunately, none of the currently available tools fully mimic clinical assessment or cover a wide range of STIs.
Methods
We prospectively invited attendees presenting with STI-related symptoms at Melbourne Sexual Health Centre to answer gender-specific questionnaires covering the symptoms of 12 common STIs using a computer-assisted self-interviewing system between 2015 and 2018. Then, we developed an online symptom checker (iSpySTI.org) using Bayesian networks. In this study, various machine learning algorithms were trained and evaluated to predict these STI and anogenital conditions. We used the Z-test to compare their average area under the ROC curve (AUC) scores with the Bayesian networks for diagnostic accuracy.
Results
The study population included 6,162 men (median age 30, IQR: 26-38; approximately 40% had sex with men in the past 12 months) and 4,358 women (median age 27, IQR: 24-31). Non-gonococcal urethritis (23.6%, 1447/6121), genital warts (11.7%, 718/6121) and balanitis (8.9%, 546/6121) were most common conditions in men. Candidiasis (16.6%, 722/4538) and bacterial vaginosis (16.2%, 707/4538) were the most common conditions in women. During evaluation with unseen datasets, machine learning models performed well for most male conditions, with the AUC ranging from 0.81 to 0.95, except for urinary tract infections (UTI) (AUC 0.72). Similarly, the models achieved AUCs ranging from 0.75 to 0.95 for female conditions, except for cervicitis (AUC 0.58). Urethral discharge and other urinary symptoms were important features for predicting gonorrhoea, urethritis and UTIs. Similarly, while participants selecting pictures skin images that were similar to their own lesions and the location of the anogenital skin lesions were also strong predictors. The vaginal discharge (odour, colour) and itchiness were important predictors for bacterial vaginosis and candidiasis. The performance of the machine learning models was significantly better than Bayesian models for male balanitis, molluscum contagiosum and genital warts (P<0.05) but was similar for the other conditions.
Conclusions
Both machine learning and Bayesian models could predict correct diagnoses with reasonable accuracy using prospectively collected data for 12 STIs and other common anogenital conditions. Further work should expand the number of anogenital conditions and seek ways to improve the accuracy, potentially using patient collected images to supplement questionnaire data.
Community center interior design for disaster victims
Authors: Idelbi Yamen
Published: September 2024

Objective:
To develop an evidence-based framework aimed at enhancing interior design spaces in community centers, with the goal of proactively improving visitors' psychological and physical health, rather than addressing issues after they arise.
Background:
Design elements such as colors, shapes, and materials significantly influence user perception and behavior. The relationship between behavior and perception is mediated by brainwaves, which remain relatively consistent across individuals, regardless of differences in language and dialect.
Methods:
Surveys were conducted with interior design experts in Syria to determine the design styles for community centers that align with societal culture. These findings were then correlated with an analysis of drawings created by children affected by disasters in Syria. The results were subsequently compared with evidence-based studies that explore the connection between cognition and behavioral change with brainwaves and design elements.
Results:
Disagreements often arise regarding whether to prioritize health or community culture in design methods. This study bridges the gap by linking design elements with brainwaves and user needs in the interior space.
Conclusion:
Drawings can be adapted to meet the requirements of community members and linked to brainwaves. This approach, therefore, supports the concept of integrating science and the arts to enhance the health of individuals affected by disasters.
A case report of Hereditary Renal Hypouricemia
Authors: Qin Yanghua
Published: September 2024

Hereditary renal hypouricemia is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease, most of which are asymptomatic, while a small number of them can cause EIAKI or urinary stones. Clinicians and laboratory technicians should be familiar with the diagnosis pathway of hypouricemia. Genotyping is a powerful tool for diagnosing hereditary renal hypouricemia.
A new evisceration technique: the caging method
Authors: Ciftci Suleyman
Published: September 2024

Background
To present a new evisceration technique that provides enhanced implant motility in all excursions.
Methods
This retrospective single-center consecutive case series, conducted between May 2013 and June 2020, included fifteen patients. The technique involves constructing a scleral cage for the orbital implant and ensuring socket resilience against exposure, with modifications based on surgical experience. The key steps include conjunctival peritomy, radial incisions from the recti insertions to the limbus and division of the cornea, scleral flap creation, and cornea preservation with conjunctival coverage. Sphere size is determined by scleral shell capacity. Postoperative follow-up includes assessment of implant motility and convergence/divergence reflexes, with comparison to fellow eyes.
Results
Among the fifteen patients, 53.33% were male, and 46.67% were female, with a median age of 42 years (range: 16–74). All patients were followed for at least 12 months, with a median follow-up duration of 14 months (range: 12–35 months). Both hydroxyapatite and acrylic spheres were used, with the preference shifting toward acrylic spheres. Implant motility, including six cardinal gaze excursions, showed no statistically significant difference compared to fellow eyes, with maintained incyclotorsion/excyclotorsion and convergence/divergence reflexes observed in all patients.
Conclusions
A sphere can be placed close to the patient's anatomical position, achieving implant motility in all excursions without any incomitance, similar to that of the fellow eyes of patients.
Identification and comparative genomics of OVATE Family Members from Gramineae uncovers sequence and structural diversity, evolutionary trends, and insights into functional features
Authors: Dangwal Meenakshi , Chahar Nishu , Das Sandip
Published: September 2024

Ovate Family Proteins (OFPs) are plant-specific, transcriptional repressors characterized by the presence of an OVATE domain. The OFP gene family has been analysed only from a handful of species, and functionally characterized from even fewer plants. Members of Gramineae have been subject of several investigations, and now has complete genome sequence for several species. Such analyses revealed diversity in genome size, ploidy and chromosome number. However, there exists a gap in cataloguing the complete compendium of OFP family across Gramineae. In the present study, we therefore identified and catalogued homologs of OFPs across ten Gramineae members to analyse gene and protein structure and properties, evolutionary relationship, expression pattern, and predict interacting partners. A positive correlation was found between genome-size and OFP family size, with Triticumgenome harbouring the maximum number; most of the Gramineae OFPs are intronless. Comparative analysis revealed variation in gene sizes, protein physico-chemical properties and structures including motifs. Phylogenetic reconstruction reflected homolog-based clustering. Expression analysis in Oryza revealed spatio-temporal variation with maximum expression in reproductive tissues. Prediction of interactome showed homeobox domain containing proteins as major interacting partners. The study thus form foundation for future functional analysis of role of OFPs in regulating economically important traits.
Understanding the obstacles to successful strategic management implementation in Ecuadorian SMEs
Authors: Garcia-Vidal Gelmar , Sanchez-Rodriguez Alexander , Perez-Campdesuner Reyner , Martinez-Vivar Rodobaldo , Guzman-Vilar Laritza
Published: September 2024

Despite full recognition of strategic management in the success of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), little attention has been paid to the factors that contribute to the failure of its implementation in the Ecuadorian context. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the obstacles that hinder the successful implementation of strategic management in SMEs in Ecuador. A quantitative study approach was employed. The initial sample comprised 105 entrepreneurs, who were administered a checklist to evaluate the status of strategic planning implementation within their organizations. Based on their responses, nine entrepreneurs were selected for in-depth analysis, categorized as follows: three entrepreneurs with a high level of strategic management implementation, three with a moderate level of implementation, and three with minimal or no strategic management practices. This identified the primary obstacles to effective strategic management implementation. Finally, a comprehensive survey was applied to all participants to quantify these barriers, which allowed the construction of the final model used for the subsequent analysis. Through structural equation modeling, the study demonstrated that these obstacles negatively and significantly correlated with the level of strategic management implementation, revealing that businesses with minimal or no implementation experienced significantly different sales performance compared to those with higher levels of strategic management practices.
Ocorrência de mutações no KRAS, NRAS e BRAF em pacientes com câncer colorretal
Authors: Sartori Ana Julia Peccin , Zanella Victória , Lorencette Nádia Aparecida , Marmitt Luana Patrícia , Xavier Paula Brustolin , Debiasi Marcelina Mezzomo
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Investigar o perfil das mutações nos genes KRAS, NRAS e BRAF entre pacientes com câncer colorretal no meio-oeste do estado de Santa Catarina. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal que incluiu todos os prontuários de pacientes diagnosticados com câncer colorretal estágio IV de um laboratório de patologia entre 2016 e 2021. A presença ou ausência de mutação nos genes KRAS, NRAS e BRAF foram analisadas conforme características do paciente e estratificadas pelo sexo. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 244 pacientes onde foi detectada mutação em 58,2%. Destes, 52,3% apresentaram mutação KRAS, 8,1% em gene NRAS, e 17,1% em BRAF. No sexo masculino, mutações KRAS foram observadas em 48,5%, seguido das mutações NRAS e BRAF, ambas com 8,2%. No sexo feminino, 58,3% foram mutações KRAS, 30,0% no gene BRAF e 7,9% NRAS. O risco de mutações KRAS foi maior entre mulheres entre 51-60 anos (RP=1,30; IC95%:1,07-1,58), o risco de mutações NRAS foi menor em homens quando na lateralidade esquerda (RP=0,94; IC95%:0,90-0,98). Mutações BRAF mostraram menor risco entre mulheres de idade mais avançada (p<0,001). Conclusão: Conclui-se maior prevalência de mutações no gene KRAS em ambos os sexos. As mutações diferiram entre o sexo e idade do paciente, e a lateralidade do tumor. Ademais, o gene BRAF apresenta maior presença de mutação em mulheres com tumores à direita e em homens, as mutações no gene NRAS à esquerda são menos prevalentes.
Consumo de drogas por adolescentes escolares e fatores associados
Authors: Da Silva Felicialle Pereira , De Almeida Cindy Targino , Oliveira Milena Laís de Souza , Ferreira e Pereira Emanuela Batista , Pinto Isla Daniela da Silva , Da Silva Darine Marie Rodrigues , Neto Waldemar Brandão
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: analisar a associação entre variáveis familiares, sexuais e de violência e o consumo de drogas no último mês por adolescentes. Método: trata-se de estudo transversal, realizado com 147 estudantes matriculados em uma escola de referência em ensino médio da rede estadual de ensino do estado de Pernambuco. Participaram estudantes incluídos na faixa etária entre 15 e 19 anos. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados um questionário sociodemográfico e a parte I do instrumento Drug Use Screening Inventory, que trata do consumo de drogas no último mês. A análise dos dados foi feita e apresentada de forma uni e bivariada. Resultados: os resultados revelaram a associação entre sofrer violência, ter familiares que usam drogas, ter relações sexuais e usar ou não preservativos nas relações sexuais e o consumo de drogas no último mês por adolescentes. Conclusão: o consumo de drogas no último mês por adolescentes escolares é influenciado pela vivência de violência, pelo consumo de drogas por familiares, pelas relações sexuais e por fazer essas com ou sem ou uso de preservativos.
Expression of Heat Shock Protein 90 in Testicular Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tzelepis Konstantinos , Giannakodimos Ilias , Politis Vasileios , Stamatiou Konstantinos , Provatas Ioannis , Mitakidi Evangelia , Tzortzis Vasileios , Sotiriou Sotirios
Published: September 2024

Background:

The HSP90 marker is believed to play a constructive role in facilitating
neoplastic transformation mainly via interaction with multiple pro-survival proteins. Welldesigned
studies are needed to elucidate the role of HSP90 as a diagnostic marker and
therapeutic target in testicular tumors.

Objective:

The current study aimed to investigate the expression of HSP90 in various types of
testicular cancer and highlight its expression in embryonal testicular cancer.

objective:

The current study aims to investigate the expression of HSP90 in various types of testicular cancer and to highlight its expression in embryonal testicular cancer.

Material and Methods:

Immunohistochemical staining for HSP90 in 84 male patients, with nonmetastatic
testicular cancer, who underwent orchiectomy from 2000 to 2023, was retrospectively
performed at the Laboratory Department of General Hospital of Nikaia in Greece.

Results:

A total of 84 males, with a mean age of 36.2 years, who have undergone high-cord
radical orchiectomy, were included in this study. Out of the included males, 28.57% had
embryonal carcinoma, 23.81% had seminoma, 19.05% had yolk sac tumor, 11.9% had mature
teratoma, 9.52% had immature teratoma, and 7.14% had choriocarcinoma. HSP90b was positive
in all embryonal carcinoma, seminoma, and choriocarcinoma cases, while it was positive in 75%
of the yolk sac tumor, 75% of mature teratoma, and 75% of immature teratoma specimens.
HSP90 was found negative in all choriocarcinoma, mature teratoma, and immature teratoma
specimens, while it was positive in 25% of yolk sac tumor, 8.33% of embryonal carcinoma, and
10% of seminoma cases. Concerning the expression of HSP90b, a statistically significant
relationship was found between excised tumor specimens and normal parenchyma specimens,
especially in sac cases (p <0.001). Regarding HSP90a expression, a statistically significant
relationship (OR=21.5, p =0.021) was found between excised tumor specimens and normal
parenchyma specimens, especially in embryonal carcinoma cases (p <0.001).

Conclusion:

HSP90b is highly expressed in the majority of the types of testicular tumors, both in
tumor and normal parenchyma specimens, while HSP90a staining is negative in resected
specimens. Further well-designed studies are needed to elucidate the role of HSP90 as a
diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in testicular tumors.
Phytochemistry and Antidiabetic Evaluation in-vitro and in-vivo of Ethyl Acetate Fractions from Sungkai Leaves (Peronema canescens Jack)
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Scince and Technolgy, Universitas Jambi, Indonesia, Aini Qurrota , Latief Madyawati ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Scince and Technolgy, Universitas Jambi, Indonesia, Tarigan Indra Lasmana ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Scince and Technolgy, Universitas Jambi, Indonesia, MASRURI Masruri ,   Department of chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran 65145 Malang, INDONESIA
Published: September 2024

The paper reports the in vivo and in vitro antidiabetic activity of bioactive compounds composed of ethyl acetate fractions from Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack). The fractions are obtained from vacuum liquid chromatography (F1, F2 and F3). Phytochemicals screening, UV-Vis and FTIR spectrometry analysis is applied to detect secondary metabolite composed of the fractions. In addition, in vitro antidiabetic capability is measured inhibiting a-amylase activity, and in vivo evaluation is conducted using diabetic rat's model induced by alloxan. It was found that fraction collected as a white precipitate. The phytochemical analysis indicated positive for flavonoid. UV-Vis and FTIR spectra support the data. Moreover, capability of the fractions to inhibit a-glucosidase activity in the range 5-100 ppm does not show the activity. Conversely, the in vivo evaluation from fraction 2 at concentration 600 mg/Kg of body weight has antidiabetic in 50.16%. This result comparable to that of glibenclamide as a control. This finding lead to further evaluation for structural elucidation.
The Impact of Viruddhahara on Lifestyle Disorders: An Ayurvedic Perspective
Authors: Singh Dr. Anchal , Patki Dr. Priya Manoj , Kala Dr. Kavya
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Ayurveda, an ancient medical system, highlights the significance of Ahara (diet) in maintaining health and preventing disease. A core aspect of Ayurvedic theory is the concept of Viruddhahara, which refers to incompatible food combinations that are believed to disrupt the equilibrium of the body's Doshas, potentially leading to various health complications. This review examines the concept of Viruddhahara and its implications for contemporary lifestyle-related disorders such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. In the current fast-paced environment, improper eating habits and the proliferation of fast food have led to widespread consumption of Viruddhahara, contributing to metabolic disturbances and chronic conditions. Ayurveda categorizes Viruddhahara into several types, including incompatibilities based on properties, timing, and combinations. For instance, the pairing of fish with milk or the consumption of heated honey serves as examples of how such food combinations can negatively impact health. The review emphasizes the importance of adhering to dietary guidelines to prevent disturbances in Dosha and the degradation of body tissues, which are essential for preserving health. With the rising incidence of lifestyle-related disorders, it is crucial to understand the scientific underpinnings of Viruddhahara and its role in disease etiology. This research aims to enhance awareness about the adverse effects of incompatible diets and to advocate for the incorporation of Ayurvedic principles into contemporary dietary practices. By conducting a thorough review of classical Ayurvedic texts alongside modern research, this study seeks to establish a framework for integrating Ayurvedic dietary principles into modern lifestyles, offering a comprehensive approach to the prevention and management of lifestyle-related diseases.
Electrical Substation Design for Safety, Reliability and Sustainability
Authors: Tripathi Ashok Ram , Sahoo Binaya Kumar
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Electrical substations’ design is critical for safe, efficient and reliable electricity distribution. Safety and operational flexibility demand for optimized layout design. The fundamental ideas and elements of creating an efficient electrical substation structure that guarantees reliability and maximum performance. Selecting the optimum substation site in industrial operations necessitates a delicate balance of safety, efficiency, and environmental sensitivity. The main ideas and considerations that support the optimization of electrical substation design have been painstakingly addressed in this paper. Adequate space and smooth grid connectivity improve distribution efficiency and allow for future growth. Regulation adherence and effective security measures ensure ethical and secure siting. Adequate assessment of electromagnetic and radio interference is essential. Substation placement optimization connects industrial competence with environmental responsibility in this sophisticated decision-making process, establishing a healthy balance for reliability and sustainability. Beginning with the careful selection of a site that strikes a delicate balance between closeness to power sources and environmental sensitivity, each decision has far-reaching consequences for the grid's integrity. The thorough layout of equipment provides not only performance but also ease of maintenance, thus increasing the operational flexibility and reliability of the substation.
Revisión sistemática de la efectividad de la meditación en el bienestar psicológico en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud
Authors: Aiquipa-Meza Edgar , Pérez-Oré Luis Alberto
Published: September 2024

La meditación es una herramienta eficaz para promover el bienestar psicológico y manejar el estrés y los trastornos psicológicos asociados con situaciones académicas, clínicas y asistenciales altamente demandantes en contextos académicos sanitarios. Este artículo evalúa el impacto de intervenciones basadas en la meditación, en el bienestar psicológico de estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. Se buscaron ensayos clínicos controlados en la Biblioteca virtual de Salud (BVS), Biblioteca Cochrane, Trip Database, Sage Pub, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, Medline (vía PubMed), Europe PMC, ScienceDirect, APA PsycInfo y ERIC. Se identificaron 651 estudios. Se incluyeron 13 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad. Se encontró que la práctica de meditación no clínica, predominantemente mediante intervenciones basadas en la atención plena (mindfulness), realizadas en contextos académicos tiene un efecto positivo en el bienestar psicológico y en la competencia socioemocional del estudiantado. Los beneficios a largo plazo dependen de que los estudiantes practiquen la meditación regularmente. Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones para la educación sanitaria. Sugieren integrar la meditación como un enfoque preventivo para mejorar el bienestar psicológico del estudiantado.
Tela do saber: ciências, cinema e educação
Authors: Gouveia ristiane Talita Gromann de , Gouveia Neto Sérgio Candido de , Celestino Angela da Silva
Published: September 2024

O cinema, a educação, a sala de aula são temas que permeiam os capítulos desse livro. É o resultado das discussões que aconteceram em um curso de extensão, intitulado “Discutindo Ciências por meio de filmes”, que teve como objetivo discutir algumas concepções sobre ciências por meio de filmes. O curso foi vinculado ao Programa de Extensão “Diálogos, experiências e pesquisas com professores que ensinam matemática, física, química, biologia e ciências no contexto da formação continuada”, desenvolvido pelos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências da Natureza (PGECN) e Educação Matemática (PPGEM) da Universidade Federal de Rondônia, tendo apoio do Programa de Desenvolvimento da Pós-Graduação (PDPG) - parcerias estratégicas nos estados (Edital 18/20) da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e da Fundação de Amparo ao Desenvolvimento das Ações Científicas e Tecnológicas e à Pesquisa de Rondônia (FAPERO). O livro foi pensado não só como um produto do curso de extensão, ele foi pensado para ser usado como uma fonte de consulta para o professor da Educação Básica (Ensino Fundamental e Médio). A ideia é mostrar as potencialidades dos filmes para discutir vários aspectos da ciência: sua história, seus métodos, seus perigos, sua relação com a filosofia, sociologia e as próprias disciplinas escolares. Dessa forma, como fonte de consulta para os professores, há textos que trazem alguns planos de ensino, de acordo com Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). convidamos o leitor a folhear o livro e desfrutar da magia dos filmes e da ciência que se desenrolam nas telas e abrem portas para uma profunda compreensão dos mistérios que cercam o nosso mundo.
Discussing the measurements accuracy in judicial geodetic expertise
Authors: Drobiz M.V. , Parkhomenko D.V. , Saenko I.V.
Published: September 2024

The authors analyze the features of using the requirements for accuracy at performing forensic geodetic inspections. An analogy is drawn with the use of methods regulated in the legislation for cadastral work. The features of the Rosreestr requirements for applying them in the expertise are studied. At the same time, the provisions of the normative document regarding accuracy and the possibilities of its application are considered. It is concluded that scientific achievements in precision terms requirements for the mentioned process can outstrip the law. In addition, changing the interpretation of existing standards can make significant shifts in the current reality. It is also important that practice (experiment), as the main criterion for judgments, can provide additional conclusions which should be updated in the scientific and legal literature
Quality of educational services and students’ resilience: A university governance study
Authors: Sahrah Alimatus , Guritno Purnaning Dhyah , Rengganis Rani P. , Dewi Ros Patriani , Saufi Roselina Ahmad
Published: September 2024

Due to the shift in the learning format, students must enhance their resilience during the pandemic. The purpose is to examine how the subjective well-being of students influences the connection between the quality of educational services and students’ resilience. The research was carried out at two institutions: Universiti Malaysia Kelantan in Malaysia and Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta in Indonesia. The research subjects are 517 students (212 Malaysians and 305 Indonesians) aged 20–30 years old who actively participated in learning during the pandemic. Data collection was conducted by an online survey measuring resilience, subjective well-being, and service quality. Data were analyzed using path analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) with the SmartPLS software. The findings indicate that the quality of service has a direct and positive impact on students’ resilience and students’ subjective well-being. Moreover, students’ subjective well-being has a direct and positive impact on their resilience. Lastly, the findings showed that subjective well-being acts as a mediator between service quality and students’ resilience. The research highlights the significance of subjective well-being in enhancing the impact of higher education service quality on students’ resilience.
Self-rating on Self-directed Learning: A Cross- Sectional Survey on a Cohort of Medical Undergraduates from Nepal.
Authors: Atreya Alok , Nepal Samata , Acharya Jenash
Published: September 2024

Introduction: As medicine is an ever-changing field, it necessitates medical students to develop independent  learning skills for continuous learning process. Self-directed learning (SDL) is a learning strategy where students take the initiative to learn on their own. It is basically an independent study where the students use available resources and learn independently of the subject. Methods: This self-administered questionnaire study assessed five domains of SDL consisting of 60 items. The responses were made on a five-point Likert scale: from 5 = always to 1 = never. The level of self-directed learning was categorized as high, moderate and low if the scoring range was between 221-300, 141-220 or 60-140 respectively. Any student scoring in the range between 221 and 300 was considered an effective self- directed learner. Results: The present study found three out of four the students (74.7%, n=56) were active self-directed learners. However, one out of four students were half-way in becoming self-directed learners. Conclusion: SDL skill is crucial not only for the students but also for the clinicians in a complex learning process for continuous advancement of knowledge in medical profession. The findings of the present study showed that majority of the students were effective self-directed learners. The effectiveness of SDL process can be accomplished if the students are encouraged and motivated during Problem Based Learning (PBL) sessions. Identifying the factors that spark interest amongst the students to learn on their own can be achieved by active feedback sessions.
â€œSolidarity Trialâ€: A Feeling of Trust Towards COVID-19 Treatments
Authors: Karki Naresh
Published: September 2024

Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) drugs are not being developed at the pace in which the disease is spreading throughout the world. WHO and its partners have announced the worldwide clinical trial on 18th March 2020, known as â€œSolidarity Trialâ€ for greater co-ordination of developments of drugs. â€œSolidarity Trialis an international clinical trial to help find an effective treatment for COVID-19â€. The trial is randomized, open-label and adaptive. This trial will analyze four treatment options against standard of care, after recruiting patients from various countries, and then will approach to their relative effectiveness against the disease. The aim of this trial is to rapidly explore if any of the administered drugs will slow progression of disease or improve survival.
The rationale of conducting â€œSolidarity Trialâ€ is to reduce time taken by the trials. Randomized clinical trials generally take years to conduct, while, â€œSolidarity Trialâ€ will reduce the duration by 80%. By enrolling patients from around the world, this trial might be able to provide result more rapidly than multiple small trials. Moreover, those small multiple trials will not be able to gather solid evidence required to determine the relative effectiveness of given unproven drugs.
Jugaad Culture Amidst COVID-19: A Time to Step Up for Innovation in Low-Income Countries.
Authors: Baral Suman
Published: September 2024

More than four months have already elapsed after the world first encountered Coronavirus claimed to originate from Wuhan, China. Scientifically, termed sudden acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2), that causes Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), this deadly pathogen has already claimed about 2.83 lakhs casualties with four million infected and 1.5 million recovered as of 11 May 2020. Different preventive measures like hand washing, social distancing, nation-wide lock down from March 23 have been practised inNepal which has definitely dwindled the number of positive cases. they have helped flatten the curve and procure time for preparation for forthcoming disaster. Total documented positive cases have been 120 till date (11 May 2020) with zero mortality in Nepal. However, the scenario might be out of control in coming days where claims of inadequate testing due to lack of diagnostic kits have been a major issue. Whatever be the outcome in upcoming days, for an economically poor country like Nepal, preparation seems satisfactory despite challenges to outsourcing the necessary kits like Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and diagnostic Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) machines etc.
Coping with COVID-19
Authors: Nepal Bhagavat
Published: September 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) virus made its first appearance in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It has since spread like a wild fire across the globe with over five million corona virus disease (COVID-19) confirmed cases and almost three hundred fifty thousand deaths at the time of writing this article. This could however be only the tip of the iceberg considering the contagious nature of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the rate at which it is spreading across the globe. China did well to contain the virus with strict lockdown measures, sealing the affected areas, active case finding, tracing, tracking and treating the COVID-19 cases at an astonishing speed. In the absence of specific treatment available as yet, treatment consists of mainly symptomatic management with some experimental medications. Antivirals, specifically Remdesivir has been a strong candidate for the treatment of COVID-19. However, it has yet to receive universal acceptance for the treatment of COVID-19. Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine seem to be effective in limiting the replication of SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro. COVID-19 is highly pandemic in countries where malaria is least prevalent and least pandemic in countries where malaria is highly prevalent. These findings suggest the hypothesis that anti-malarial drugs have efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19.
Assesment of spatial dynamics of COVID-19 in the territory of the Russian Federation in 2020–2023
Authors: Yuminova N. V. , Kontarov N. A. , Kontarov E. I.
Published: September 2024

SARS-CoV-2 virus, first isolated in China in 2019, launched an epidemic and paralysed global health care in just a few mounth. In this article we present the results of a mathmatical analysis of data on morbidity for COVID-19 in Russia in 2020–2023. The structural characteristics of morbidity from this disease for the population of Moscow, St. Petersburg and Sevastopol are given based on the calculation of the Ryabtsev coefficient. The territorial concentration of morbidity in Russia was assessed dynamicaly by calculating the Herfindahl-Hirshman index.
The φ-mixed affine surface areas
Authors: Zhao Chang-Jian
Published: September 2024

In the paper, our main aim is to introduce a new ?-mixed affine surface area
??,p(K, L) of convex bodies, which obeys classical basic properties. The new
affine geometric quantity in special case yields the classical Lp-affine
surface area ?p(K), Lp-mixed affine surface area ?p(K, L) and the newly
established Lpq-mixed affine surface area ?p,q(K, L), respectively. As an
application, we establish a ?-Minkowski inequality for the ?-mixed affine
surface area, which follows the classical Minkowski inequality for mixed
affine surface area ??1(K, L), Lp-Minkowski inequality for Lp-affine surface
area and Lpq-Minkowski inequality for Lpq-mixed affine surface area,
respectively.
Linear relations generated by integral equations with Nevanlinna operator measures
Authors: Bruk Vladislav
Published: September 2024

We consider a family of minimal relations L0(?) generated by an integral
equation with a Nevanlinna operator measure and give a description the
families L0(?), L* 0(??), where ? ? C. We prove that the families L0(?), L*
0(??) are holomorphic and give a description of families relations T(?) such
that L0(?) ? T(?) ? L* 0(??) and T?1(?) are bounded everywhere defined
operators. The results obtained are applied to the proof of the existence of
a characteristic operator for the integral equation.
Approximation by Szász-integral type operators
Authors: Kajla Arun , Berwal Sahil , Sehrawat Priya
Published: September 2024

We consider a summation-integral type operators and establish a
quantitative Voronovskaja type theorem and weighted approximation for these
operators. Finally, we calculate the rate of convergence for absolutely
continuous functions whose derivative is equivalent to a function with
bounded variation.
Some bounds on the Aα-energy of graphs
Authors: Zhou Lianlian , Li Dan , Chen Yuanyuan , Meng Jixiang
Published: September 2024

Let G be a graph with order n and size m. For any real number ? ? [0, 1],
Nikiforov defined the matrix A?(G) = ?D(G) + (1 ? ?)A(G), where A(G) is the
adjacency matrix and D(G) is the diagonal matrix of the vertex degrees. Let
?i (i = 1, 2,..., n) denote the eigenvalues of A?(G) and EA? (G) = Pni
=1 |?i ? 2?m/n| denote the A?-energy of G. In this paper, we get some lower
bounds of EA? (G) in terms of the order, the size and the first Zagreb index
of G for ? ? [1/2, 1), and characterize the extremal graphs when attaining
the bounds if G is regular. In addition, we give some lower and upper bounds
of EA? (G) under the condition that ?1 + ?n ? 4?m/n.
Some new criteria for identifying H-matrices
Authors: Li Yan , Chen Xiaoyong , Wang Yaqiang
Published: September 2024

Given a matrix, whether it is a nonsingular H-matrix or not is very important
in many applications. In this paper, some new simple criteria, as well as a
necessary condition of nonsingular H-matrices, are proposed. Moreover, they
only depend on the elements of a given matrix. Finally, some numerical
examples are given to illustrate the validity of our results.
Serbia’s positioning in the central European context: Between the “two/three” concepts of Central Europe
Authors: Djukanovic Dragan , Dasic Marko
Published: September 2024

The authors discuss the unique characteristics of Central Europe,
particularly in the last century, and highlight the fundamental differences
in the influence vectors within this region of Europe. In this regard, we
can distinguish the regions of the Visegrad Group (V4) and the Alpine
sub-region (Germany, Austria, Croatia, and Slovenia). The differences
between the countries in the V4 arrangement are more pronounced,
particularly regarding their positions on the 2022 Russian invasion of
Ukraine and their varying dynamics of democratic processes. Throughout its
modern history, Serbia has predominantly had strained relations with its
Central European neighbours. Regarding this, the authors specifically
highlight many phases, particularly in the early 19th century. As a result,
Serbia?s current foreign policy is examined in the context of its relations
with the states of an otherwise intricate Central Europe. In this regard,
the broader context of Serbia?s objectively slow European integration is
highlighted, as well as its intense relations with China and Russia. The
authors conclude that Serbia will continue to face challenges in its
immediate Central European environment.
Comparison between effects of reverse curve of Spee nickel titanium archwire and stainless steel archwires with and without torque on the lower incisors in deep overbite treatment: a randomized control study
Authors: Shakhtour Farah , Al-Nimri Kazem
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To compare the effect between three different reverse curve of Spee (RCOS) archwires: 0.016 × 0.022-inch Nickel-Titanium and 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless steel (SS) with and without crown labial torque (CLT) on lower incisors during deep overbite treatment.

Materials and Methods

Eighty subjects with deep overbite were randomly divided into three groups: the first group (mean age: 20.5 years) received SS RCOS with CLT, the second group (mean age: 19.4 years) was treated with 0.019 × 0.025-inch SS RCOS with zero CLT, the third group (mean age: 18.2 years) was treated with rocking-chair nickel-titanium (NiTi) 0.016 × 0.022-inch with RCOS. Two lateral cephalometric images were taken for each patient, one after alignment and the second after deep bite correction. These images were superimposed using the corpus axis to study the lower incisor horizontal and vertical changes.

Results

The lower incisor angular change was significantly smaller in Group II (−0.3°) compared to Group I (4.8°) and Group III (6.0°, P ≤ .001). Lower incisor anterior movement was reduced in Group II compared to Group I (P = .014) and Group III (P = .008). Group III showed significantly more downward movement of the lower Incisors (P ≤ .001). The three groups showed comparable amounts of true intrusion (1 mm, P = .536).

Conclusions

0.016 × 0.022-inch NiTi and 0.019 × 0.025-inch SS with crown labial torque RCOS archwires resulted in similar proclination and forward movement of the lower incisors. Removal of anterior crown labial torque from the 0.019 × 0.025-inch SS RCOS archwire prevents lower incisor proclination and forward movement.
The Role of Diversity Inclusion in the Work Place, the Case of Shaggar City, Galan Sub-City
Authors: M* Tolera
Published: September 2024

The main purpose of this study is to describe the Role of Diversity and Inclusion in the work place in Galan town. The study was conducted by using a purposive sampling technique via exploratory research design. Different categories of respondents were participated in this study. This study has employed a qualitative data. The purposive samples of 25 respondents who have ever experienced were interviewed and the total number of 20 participants with five groups of four members for each focus group discussion was participated in the study. To achieve the above objectives, the study collected primary data from different informants by employing qualitative data collection techniques through key informant interview, focus group discussions and observation. The secondary sources of data were obtained from different documents analysis. The main findings of this study revealed that there are impacts, limitations, challenges and gaps in creating awareness in implementation of effective Diversity and Inclusion in the study area. The other finding of this study also examines and capacitates the ability and role of Diversity and Inclusion was not successfully executed in the study area. Furthermore, the study indicated the role of Diversity and Inclusion in the study areas. Finally the study comes up by giving some conclusions on how the Diversity and Inclusion was examined. The study also recommended national recognition for the Diversity and Inclusion.
Adolescent Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: M* Nashnoush , T Ahmad
Published: September 2024

Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors (TARTs) are intratesticular masses linked to congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and the oversecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone. We present a case of a 17-year-old male patient with CAH who exhibited unique findings on ultrasonography. This case illustrates the changes in ultrasound imaging features over the years. The patient had bilaterally observed TARTs and later developed diffuse microlithiasis on follow-up images. The TARTs displayed minimal disruption to the underlying testicular structures, preserving the testicular contour, and showed hypervascularity. This report adds to the limited literature on TARTs in CAH patients and underscores the significance of identifying these unique presentations to aid in diagnosis and management, thereby avoiding unnecessary biopsies and interventions..