bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between Blood Group and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers (Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma)
Authors: Celić Dijana , Lipozenčić Jasna , Kolarić Branko , Ferenčak Goran , Rajković Jolanda Kanižaj , Borlinić Tajana
Published: June 2019

Background: Development of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) has been associated with certain risk factors, but studies of the association between ABO blood group and NMSCs have been rare and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to assess the association of the previously known risk factors and blood group as a new potential risk factor in NMSCs. Methods: The study included 401 patients, 202 men, and 199 women, which included 367 diagnosed cases of basal cell carcinoma and 148 diagnosed cases of squamous cell carcinoma. The control group consisted of 438 subjects, 198 men, and 240 women. A standardized questionnaire adapted for this targeted study was used. The relation between the dependent variable (NMSCs) and independent variables was investigated by logistic regression. Results: Compared to the non AB blood group, the risk of developing NMSCs was significantly higher in the AB blood group (MOR = 2.28; 95% CI = 1.41–3.69). We established a logistic model that could best describe the probability of NMSCs development. Conclusion: Study results are expected to instigate basic research into the role of A and B antigens in normal skin epithelium, NMSCs etiopathogenesis, possible effect on metastatic potential and disease prognosis, potential tumor immunotherapy, and targeted detection and prevention in subjects at an increased risk of NMSCs development.
Concentration, Source, and Total Health Risks of Cadmium in Multiple Media in Densely Populated Areas, China
Authors: Cai Kui , Yu Yanqiu , Zhang Minjie , Kim Kangjoo
Published: June 2019

Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential and harmful element to humans. Cadmium contamination is a serious issue for human health, especially in densely populated agroecology areas. In this study, the investigation of an agroecology area was conducted to gain insight into the relationship between Cd in wheat and soil and then evaluate the Cd total risk for human health. The soil samples and their matching wheat samples, underground water samples, and atmospheric deposition (air) samples were collected from a wheat-growing area in an agroecology plain. The cadmium concentration in the four types of media, in order, was air > soil > wheat > water. The mean concentration of the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) showed that the total Cd in soil (Cd-T) and Cdair reached a mild and moderate pollution level. The results of the correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the majority of Cdwheat originated from Cd-2 (exchangeable), Cd-4 (humic acid-bound), and Cd-7 (residual). Furthermore, the results of the stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) showed that three fractions were primarily controlled by Cd-T: clay, cation exchange capacity (CeC), and total organic carbon (TOC). In addition, the total cancer risk (CR) of Cd in multiple media was, in the order wheat > water > soil > air. It is noteworthy that the Cd content in underground water and wheat by the ingestion pathway posed cancer risks to the local residents and provided a comprehensive insight into multiple media environment management. Furthermore, it provides a very significant basic study for detailed research into the mobility and transformation for factions.
Weight Status, Physical Fitness, and Health-Related Quality of Life among Chinese Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yi Xiangren , Fu You , Burns Ryan , Ding Meng
Published: June 2019

Purpose: The impact of physical fitness (PF) on adolescents’ health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important health issue in China. The purpose of this study was to identify whether body mass index (BMI), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and musculoskeletal fitness (MSF) influences HRQOL among Chinese adolescents. Method: The participants were 10,007 students (boys = 5276, 14.14 years ± 1.79; girls = 4829, 14.22 years ± 1.81) who were randomly selected from 30 secondary schools in Shandong, China. BMI, CRF, MSF, and HRQOL were measured and analyzed using ANCOVA and multiple regression. Results: BMI and physical fitness variables were partially associated with HRQOL in Chinese adolescents. ANCOVA showed a significant difference among BMI categories in terms of physical sense (PS), living convenience, and self-satisfaction (SS) for boys, but this difference was only seen with social activity opportunity (SAO) for girls. Multiple regression found that BMI was significantly associated with SAO. For boys, CRF was associated with the teacher and student relationship and SS, whereas MSF was only associated with PS. For girls, CRF was significantly linked with the parent and children relationship, learning capacity, and attitudes and self-perception (S-P), while MSF was associated with S-P. Conclusion: Enforcing physical activity and enhancing PF will be a crucial pathway in improving adolescents’ HRQOL in China.
Effect of Stress on the Work Ability of Aging American Workers: Mediating Effects of Health
Authors: Yang Tianan , Liu Taoming , Lei Run , Deng Jianwei , Xu Guoquan
Published: June 2019

We examined how stress affects the work ability of an aging workforce, how health mediates this relationship, and how the effects of stress on work ability differ in relation to social status. We analyzed data from the Health and Retirement Survey, namely, 2921 observations in 2010, 2289 observations in 2012, and 2276 observations in 2014. Ongoing chronic stress, social status, health status, and associations with individual work ability were assessed with ordinary least squares regression. Stress was significantly inversely associated with work ability. Health may function as a mediator between individual stress and work ability. The effects of stress and health on work ability decreased as social status increased. To cope with the challenges of aging workforces, future policy-makers should consider job resources and social status.
Norepinephrine Inhibits Synovial Adipose Stem Cell Chondrogenesis via α2a-Adrenoceptor-Mediated ERK1/2 Activation
Authors: El Bagdadi Karima , Zaucke Frank , Meurer Andrea , Straub Rainer H. , Jenei-Lanzl Zsuzsa
Published: June 2019

In recent years, first evidences emerged that sympathetic neurotransmitters influence osteoarthritis (OA) manifestation. Joint-resident stem cells might contribute to cartilage repair, however, their chondrogenic function is reduced. The neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) was detected in the synovial fluid of trauma and OA patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse how NE influences the chondrogenesis of synovial adipose tissue-derived stem cells (sASCs). sASCs were isolated from knee-OA patients synovia. After adrenoceptor (AR) expression analysis, proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation in presence of NE and/or α- and β-AR antagonist were investigated. Cell count, viability, chondrogenic and hypertophic gene expression, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and type II collagen content were determined. Key AR-dependent signaling (ERK1/2, PKA) was analyzed via western blot. sASC expressed α1A-, α1B-, α2A-, α2B-, α2C-, and β2-AR in monolayer and pellet culture. NE did not affect proliferation and viability, but 10−7 and 10−6 M NE significantly reduced sGAG and type II collagen content as well as ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These effects were fully reversed by yohimbine (α2-AR antagonist). Our study confirms the important role of NE in sASC chondrogenic function and provides new insights in OA pathophysiology. Future studies might help to develop novel therapeutic options targeting neuroendocrine pathways for OA treatment.
Green Fluorescent Terbium (III) Complex Doped Silica Nanoparticles for TSPO Targeting
Authors: Fanizza Elisabetta , Depalo Nicoletta , Fedorenko Svetlana , Iacobazzi Rosa Maria , Mukhametshina Alsu , Zairov Rustem , Salatino Anastasio , Vischio Fabio , Panniello Annamaria , Laquintana Valentino , Curri M. Lucia , Mustafina Asiya , Denora Nunzio , Striccoli Marinella
Published: June 2019

The low photostability of conventional organic dyes and the toxicity of cadmium-based luminescent quantum dots have prompted the development of novel probes for in vitro and in vivo labelling. Here, a new fluorescent lanthanide probe based on silica nanoparticles is fabricated and investigated for optically traceable in vitro translocator protein (TSPO) targeting. The targeting and detection of TSPO receptor, overexpressed in several pathological states, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancers, may provide valuable information for the early diagnosis and therapy of human disorders. Green fluorescent terbium(III)-calix[4]arene derivative complexes are encapsulated within silica nanoparticles and surface functionalized amine groups are conjugated with selective TSPO ligands based on a 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine acetamide structure containing derivatizable carboxylic groups. The photophysical properties of the terbium complex, promising for biological labelling, are demonstrated to be successfully conveyed to the realized nanoarchitectures. In addition, the high degree of biocompatibility, assessed by cell viability assay and the selectivity towards TSPO mitochondrial membrane receptors, proven by subcellular fractional studies, highlight targeting potential of this nanostructure for in vitro labelling of mitochondria.
Tumor-Associated Protein Profiles in Kaposi Sarcoma and Mimicking Vascular Tumors, and Their Pathological Implications
Authors: Lee Kyoung Bun , Lee Kyu Sang , Lee Hye Seung
Published: June 2019

We investigated protein profiles specific to vascular lesions mimicking Kaposi sarcoma (KS), based on stepwise morphogenesis progression of KS. We surveyed 26 tumor-associated proteins in 130 cases, comprising 39 benign vascular lesions (BG), 14 hemangioendotheliomas (HE), 37 KS, and 40 angiosarcomas (AS), by immunohistochemistry. The dominant proteins in KS were HHV8, lymphatic markers, Rb, phosphorylated Rb, VEGF, and galectin-3. Aberrant expression of p53, inactivation of cell cycle inhibitors, loss of beta-catenin, and increased VEGFR1 were more frequent in AS. HE had the lowest Ki-67 index, and the inactivation rates of cell cycle inhibitors in HE were between those of AS and BG/KS. Protein expression patterns in BG and KS were similar. Clustering analysis showed that the 130 cases were divided into three clusters: AS-rich, BG-rich, and KS-rich clusters. The AS-rich cluster was characterized by high caveolin-1 positivity, abnormal p53, high Ki-67 index, and inactivated p27. The KS-rich cluster shared the features of KS, and the BG-rich group had high positive expression rates of galectin-3 and low bcl2 expression. In conclusion, although the rate was different, AS and HE tended to have less cell cycle marker expression than KS, and features of BG and activated KS cell signaling were similar.
Antitumor and Anti-Invasive Effect of Apigenin on Human Breast Carcinoma through Suppression of IL-6 Expression
Authors: Lee Hwan Hee , Jung Joohee , Moon Aree , Kang Hyojeung , Cho Hyosun
Published: June 2019

Interleukin (IL)-6 plays a crucial role in the progression, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-231 is known for its aggressive metastasis. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process in cancer metastasis. The positive correlation between IL-6 and EMT in tumor microenvironment is reported. We found significantly upregulated IL-6 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. A blockade of IL-6 expression decreased levels of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAkt), and cell cycle-related molecules, including cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins in MDA-MB-231 cells. A short-hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated blockade of IL-6 expression inhibited migration and N-cadherin expression and induced E-cadherin expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. Growth rate was slower for the tumors derived from IL-6 shRNA-treated MDA-MB-231 cells than for those derived from control shRNA-treated MDA-MB-231 cells. The expression of pSTAT3, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK), PI3K, pAkt, snail, vimentin, and N-cadherin was significantly lower in tumors from IL-6 shRNA-treated MDA-MB cells. In addition, apigenin treatment significantly inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231-derived xenograft tumors along with the protein expressions of pSTAT3, pERK, IL-6, PI3K, pAkt, and N-cadherin. Our results demonstrate that the anti-invasive effect of apigenin in MDA-MB-231-derived xenograft tumors is mediated by the inhibition of IL-6-linked downstream signaling pathway.
Does the Epstein–Barr Virus Play a Role in the Pathogenesis of Graves’ Disease?
Authors: Pyzik Aleksandra , Grywalska Ewelina , Matyjaszek-Matuszek Beata , Ludian Jarosław , Kiszczak-Bochyńska Ewa , Smoleń Agata , Roliński Jacek , Pyzik Dawid
Published: June 2019

Graves’ disease (GD) it the most common chronic organ-specific thyroid disorder without a fully recognized etiology. The pathogenesis of the disease accounts for an interaction between genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. The most important environmental factors include viral and bacterial infections. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of the most common latent human viruses. Literature has suggested its role in the development of certain allergic and autoimmune diseases. EBV also exhibits oncogenic properties. The aim of the study was to analyze and compare the presence of EBV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with newly recognized GD and to find a correlation between EBV infection and the clinical picture of GD. The study included 39 untreated patients with newly diagnosed GD and a control group of 20 healthy volunteers who were gender and age matched. EBV DNA was detected with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) assay. The studies showed a significantly higher incidence of EBV copies in PBMCs among GD patients compared to the control group. Whereas, no significant correlations were found between the incidence of EBV copies and the evaluated clinical parameters. Our results suggest a probable role of EBV in GD development. EBV infection does not affect the clinical picture of Graves’ disease.
Extracellular RNAs as Biomarkers of Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Hosaka Takashi , Yamashita Takenari , Tamaoka Akira , Kwak Shin
Published: June 2019

Recent progress in the research for underlying mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has led to the development of potentially effective treatment, and hence increased the need for useful biomarkers that may enable early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. The deposition of abnormal proteins is a pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, including β-amyloid in AD, α-synuclein in PD, and the transactive response DNA/RNA binding protein of 43kDa (TDP-43) in ALS. Furthermore, progression of the disease process accompanies the spreading of abnormal proteins. Extracellular proteins and RNAs, including mRNA, micro RNA, and circular RNA, which are present as a composite of exosomes or other forms, play a role in cell–cell communication, and the role of extracellular molecules in the cell-to-cell spreading of pathological processes in neurodegenerative diseases is now in the spotlight. Therefore, extracellular proteins and RNAs are considered potential biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases, in particular ALS, in which RNA dysregulation has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis. Here, we review extracellular proteins and RNAs that have been scrutinized as potential biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases, and discuss the possibility of extracellular RNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring biomarkers of sporadic ALS.
Disturbed Cardiorespiratory Adaptation in Preeclampsia: Return to Normal Stress Regulation Shortly after Delivery?
Authors: Lackner Helmut K. , Papousek Ilona , Schmid-Zalaudek Karin , Cervar-Zivkovic Mila , Kolovetsiou-Kreiner Vassiliki , Nonn Olivia , Lucovnik Miha , Pfniß Isabella , Moertl Manfred G.
Published: June 2019

Women with pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia appear to be at increased risk of metabolic and vascular diseases in later life. Previous research has also indicated disturbed cardiorespiratory adaptation during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to follow up on the physiological stress response in preeclampsia several weeks postpartum. A standardized laboratory test was used to illustrate potential deviations in the physiological stress responding to mildly stressful events of the kind and intensity in which they regularly occur in further everyday life after pregnancy. Fifteen to seventeen weeks postpartum, 35 women previously affected by preeclampsia (19 mild, 16 severe preeclampsia), 38 women after uncomplicated pregnancies, and 51 age-matched healthy controls were exposed to a self-relevant stressor in a standardized stress-reactivity protocol. Reactivity of blood pressure, heart rate, stroke index, and systemic vascular resistance index as well as baroreceptor sensitivity were analyzed. In addition, the mutual adjustment of blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration, partitioned for influences of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system, were quantified by determining their phase synchronization. Findings indicated moderately elevated blood pressure levels in the nonpathological range, reduced stroke volume, and elevated systemic vascular resistance in women previously affected by preeclampsia. Despite these moderate abnormalities, at the time of testing, women with previous preeclampsia did not differ from the other groups in their physiological response patterns to acute stress. Furthermore, no differences between early, preterm, and term preeclampsia or mild and severe preeclampsia were observed at the time of testing. The findings suggest that the overall cardiovascular responses to moderate stressors return to normal in women who experience a pregnancy with preeclampsia a few weeks after delivery, while the operating point of the arterial baroreflex is readjusted to a higher pressure. Yet, their regulation mechanisms may remain different.
Marek’s Disease Virus Infection Induced Mitochondria Changes in Chickens
Authors: Chu Qin , Ding Yi , Cai Wentao , Liu Lei , Zhang Huanmin , Song Jiuzhou
Published: June 2019

Mitochondria are crucial cellular organelles in eukaryotes and participate in many cell processes including immune response, growth development, and tumorigenesis. Marek’s disease (MD), caused by an avian alpha-herpesvirus Marek’s disease virus (MDV), is characterized with lymphomas and immunosuppression. In this research, we hypothesize that mitochondria may play roles in response to MDV infection. To test it, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) abundance and gene expression in immune organs were examined in two well-defined and highly inbred lines of chickens, the MD-susceptible line 72 and the MD-resistant line 63. We found that mitochondrial DNA contents decreased significantly at the transformation phase in spleen of the MD-susceptible line 72 birds in contrast to the MD-resistant line 63. The mtDNA-genes and the nucleus-genes relevant to mtDNA maintenance and transcription, however, were significantly up-regulated. Interestingly, we found that POLG2 might play a potential role that led to the imbalance of mtDNA copy number and gene expression alteration. MDV infection induced imbalance of mitochondrial contents and gene expression, demonstrating the indispensability of mitochondria in virus-induced cell transformation and subsequent lymphoma formation, such as MD development in chicken. This is the first report on relationship between virus infection and mitochondria in chicken, which provides important insights into the understanding on pathogenesis and tumorigenesis due to viral infection.
Hadoop Performance Analysis Model with Deep Data Locality
Authors: Lee Sungchul , Jo Ju-Yeon , Kim Yoohwan
Published: June 2019

Background: Hadoop has become the base framework on the big data system via the simple concept that moving computation is cheaper than moving data. Hadoop increases a data locality in the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) to improve the performance of the system. The network traffic among nodes in the big data system is reduced by increasing a data-local on the machine. Traditional research increased the data-local on one of the MapReduce stages to increase the Hadoop performance. However, there is currently no mathematical performance model for the data locality on the Hadoop. Methods: This study made the Hadoop performance analysis model with data locality for analyzing the entire process of MapReduce. In this paper, the data locality concept on the map stage and shuffle stage was explained. Also, this research showed how to apply the Hadoop performance analysis model to increase the performance of the Hadoop system by making the deep data locality. Results: This research proved the deep data locality for increasing performance of Hadoop via three tests, such as, a simulation base test, a cloud test and a physical test. According to the test, the authors improved the Hadoop system by over 34% by using the deep data locality. Conclusions: The deep data locality improved the Hadoop performance by reducing the data movement in HDFS.
Incidence and Cost of Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Patients with Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Ortiz-Soriano Victor , Donaldson Katherine , Du Gaixin , Li Ye , Lambert Joshua , Rudy Mark , Cleland Dan , Thornton Alice , Fanucchi Laura , Huaman Moises , Neyra Javier
Published: June 2019

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of hospitalized patients with infective endocarditis (IE). Further, AKI in the setting of IE is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to examine the incidence, clinical parameters, and hospital costs associated with AKI in hospitalized patients with IE in an endemic area with an increasing prevalence of opioid use. This retrospective cohort study included 269 patients admitted to a major referral center in Kentucky with a primary diagnosis of IE from January 2013 to December 2015. Of these, 178 (66.2%) patients had AKI by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) serum creatinine criteria: 74 (41.6%) had AKI stage 1 and 104 (58.4%) had AKI stage ≥2. In multivariable analysis, higher comorbidity scores and the need for diuretics were independently associated with AKI, while the involvement of the tricuspid valve and the need for vasopressor/inotrope support were independently associated with severe AKI (stage ≥2). The median total direct cost of hospitalization was progressively higher according to each stage of AKI ($17,069 for no AKI; $37,111 for AKI stage 1; and $61,357 for AKI stage ≥2; p < 0.001). In conclusion, two-thirds of patients admitted to the hospital due to IE had incident AKI. The occurrence of AKI significantly increased healthcare costs. The higher level of comorbidity, the affection of the tricuspid valve, and the need for diuretics and/or vasoactive drugs were associated with severe AKI in this susceptible population.
The Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Recovery Following Resistance Exercise: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lakićević Nemanja
Published: June 2019

Background: The aim of this manuscript was to describe the effects of alcohol ingestion on recovery following resistance exercise. Methods: A literature search was performed using the following database: Web of Science, NLM Pubmed, and Scopus. Studies regarding alcohol consumption after resistance exercise evaluating recovery were considered for investigation. The main outcomes took into account biological, physical and cognitive measures. Multiple trained researchers independently screened eligible studies according to the eligibility criteria, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Results: A total of 12 studies were considered eligible and included in the quantitative synthesis: 10 included at least one measure of biological function, 10 included at least one measure of physical function and one included measures of cognitive function. Conclusions: Alcohol consumption following resistance exercise doesn’t seem to be a modulating factor for creatine kinase, heart rate, lactate, blood glucose, estradiol, sexual hormone binding globulin, leukocytes and cytokines, C-reactive protein and calcium. Force, power, muscular endurance, soreness and rate of perceived exertion are also unmodified following alcohol consumption during recovery. Cortisol levels seemed to be increased while testosterone, plasma amino acids, and rates of muscle protein synthesis decreased.
Fabrication of Tapered Micropillars with High Aspect-Ratio Based on Deep X-ray Lithography
Authors: Park Jae Man , Kim Jong Hyun , Han Jun Sae , Shin Da Seul , Park Sung Cheol , Son Seong Ho , Park Seong Jin
Published: June 2019

In this study, a fabrication method of tapered microstructures with high aspect ratio was proposed by deep X-ray lithography. Tapered microstructures with several hundred micrometers and high aspect ratio are demanded owing to the high applicability in the fields of various microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) such as optical components and microfluidic channels. However, as the pattern and gap size were downsized to smaller micro-scale with higher aspect ratio over 5, microstructures were easily deformed or clustered together due to capillary force during the drying process. Here, we describe a novel manufacturing process of tapered microstructures with high aspect ratio. To selectively block the deep X-ray irradiation, an X-ray mask was prepared via conventional ultraviolet (UV) lithography. A double X-ray exposure process with and without X-ray mask was applied to impose a two-step dose distribution on a photoresist. For the clear removal of the exposed region, the product was developed in the downward direction, which encourages a gravity-induced pulling force as well as a convective transport of the developer. After a drying process with the surface additive, tapered microstructures were successfully fabricated with a pattern size of 130 μm, gap size of 40 μm, and aspect ratio over 7.
Desktop Fabrication of Strong Poly (Lactic Acid) Parts: FFF Process Parameters Tuning
Authors: Kuznetsov Vladimir E. , Tavitov Azamat G. , Urzhumtsev Oleg D. , Korotkov Artem A. , Solodov Sergey V. , Solonin Alexey N.
Published: June 2019

The current study aims to evaluate the possibilities to increase part strength by optimizing the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) process parameters. Five different CAD models of parts with the same coupling dimensions but of different shape inherited from a recent study were converted into test samples with Ultimaker 2 3D printer. The main measure of success was the sample strength, defined as the load at which the first crack in the stressed area of the part appeared. Three different modifications to the FFF process with verified positive effect on interlayer bonding were applied. The first modification included raising the extrusion temperature and disabling printed part cooling. The second modification consisted of reduction in the layer thickness. The third modification combined the effects of the first and the second ones. For four out of five shapes tested the applied process modifications resulted in significant strengthening of the part. The shape that exhibited the best results was subject to further research by creating special printing mode. The mode included fine-tuning of three technological parameters on different stages of the part fabrication. As a result it was possible to increase the part strength by 108% only by tuning printing parameters of the best shape designed with increasing its weight by 8%.
Influence of Na2O Content and Ms (SiO2/Na2O) of Alkaline Activator on Workability and Setting of Alkali-Activated Slag Paste
Authors: Choi Sung , Lee Kwang-Myong
Published: June 2019

The performance of alkali-activated slag (AAS) paste using activators of strong alkali components is affected by the type, composition, and dosage of the alkaline activators. Promoting the reaction of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) by alkaline activators can produce high-strength AAS concrete, but the workability might be drastically reduced. This study is aimed to experimentally investigate the heat release, workability, and setting time of AAS pastes and the compressive strength of AAS mortars considering the Na2O content and the ratio of Na2O to SiO2 (Ms) of binary alkaline activators blended with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. The test results indicated that the AAS mortars exhibited a high strength of 25 MPa at 24 h, even at ambient temperature, even though the pastes with an Na2O content of ≥6% and an Ms of ≥1.0 exhibited an abrupt decrease in flowability and rapid setting.
The Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG and Diode Laser Applications on Dental Implant Surfaces Contaminated with Acinetobacter Baumannii and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Authors: Alagl Adel S. , Madi Marwa , Bedi Sumit , Al Onaizan Faisal , Al-Aql Zainab S.
Published: June 2019

Treatment of peri-implantitis through several implant surface decontamination techniques have been reported, however, some of them can negatively alter the implant surface or enhance more bacterial resistance. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate implant surface decontamination by means of Er,Cr:YSGG and diode lasers. Fifty micro-textured (MTX) dental implants were contaminated with Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 25) and with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 25). All implants were then divided into five groups for the decontamination procedure. In group I (GI), decontamination was done with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser (2780 nm), while in group II (GII) decontamination was performed using photodynamic therapy (a 650 nm diode laser). In Group III (GIII) decontamination was performed with photodynamic therapy (an 808 nm diode laser), and in group IV (GIV) decontamination was performed with 0.12% chlorhexidine. Group V (GV) was the control group with no decontamination. After decontamination, colony forming units (CFU) were counted and implants were prepared for SEM analysis. A significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed for GI compared to the other groups, and also for GIV compared to both GII and GIII. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser (GI) showed the best results in decontaminating the implant surface. Chlorhexidine (GIV), proved to be better in decontaminating the implant surface than photodynamic therapy GII and diode laser GIII. No significant difference was found between group GII and GIII. The SEM analysis showed no significant change in the implant surface topography. The results of this study suggest that the Er,Cr:YSGG laser can be considered as an effective technique for reducing bacteria contamination on implant surfaces.
Amphidinol 22, a New Cytotoxic and Antifungal Amphidinol from the Dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae
Authors: Martínez Kevin A. , Lauritano Chiara , Druka Dana , Romano Giovanna , Grohmann Teresa , Jaspars Marcel , Martín Jesús , Díaz Caridad , Cautain Bastien , de la Cruz Mercedes , Ianora Adrianna , Reyes Fernando
Published: June 2019

Due to the unique biodiversity and the physical-chemical properties of their environment, marine microorganisms have evolved defense and signaling compounds that often have no equivalent in terrestrial habitats. The aim of this study was to screen extracts of the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae for possible bioactivities (i.e., anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, antibacterial and antifungal properties) and identify bioactive compounds. Anticancer activity was evaluated on human lung adenocarcinoma (A549), human skin melanoma (A2058), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) and human pancreas carcinoma (MiaPaca-2) cell lines. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus MRSA and MSSA), Gram-negative bacteria (i.e., Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae), Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The results indicated moderate biological activities against all the cancer cells lines and microorganisms tested. Bioassay-guided fractionation assisted by HRMS analysis allowed the detection of one new and two known amphidinols that are potentially responsible for the antifungal and cytotoxic activities observed. Further isolation, purification and structural elucidation led to a new amphidinol, named amphidinol 22. The planar structure of the new compound was determined by analysis of its HRMS and 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Its biological activity was evaluated, and it displayed both anticancer and antifungal activities.
Interaction between Cardiac Functional Indices during Incremental Exercise Test Reveals the Peculiarities of Adaptation to Exercising
Authors: Velicka Deivydas , Kairiukstiene Zivile , Poderiene Kristina , Vainoras Alfonsas , Poderys Jonas
Published: June 2019

Background and objectives: Physical load causes structural changes in the heart that vary depending on the type of training and may affect the function of the heart. Aim of the study: To determine, using the applied co-integration method on algebraic data, the impact of sprinting and of endurance adaptation on the dynamic interactions of cardiovascular functional indices while participants were performing under an increasing workload, up to their inability to continue. Materials and Methods: Healthy athletes were chosen to take part in this study and were separated into two groups: Sprinters (n = 11) and endurance athletes (n = 13). The bicycle ergometric method of incremental increase in a provocative workload (graded stress) was used. The heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output were determined using the tetrapolar rheography method. Results: Individuals who are adapted to endurance while carrying physical loads, in contrast to well adapted sprinters, are characterized with a lower rate of changing the pace of interactions between stroke volume and cardiac output while performing at an increasing workload up to their inability to continue. Also, endurance athletes displayed a long and relatively stable phase as well as a greater decrease of interaction between indices at the end of the workload. At the beginning of the exercise, the interaction between the stroke volume and the cardiac output was reduced. However, as the physical load continued, this interaction became significantly stronger. The comparison of the stroke volume and the cardiac output’s dynamic interaction revealed that the endurance group had a greater working capacity. Conclusions: Typical dynamics of interactions during the testing with an increasing physical load can be differentiated into separate phases: The decrease of interaction at the onset of the load, the increase during the continuation of an increased workload, and the decrease at the last stages of the load.
Radiation-Induced Dual Oxidase Upregulation in Rat Heart Tissues: Protective Effect of Melatonin
Authors: Farhood Bagher , Aliasgharzadeh Akbar , Amini Peyman , Saffar Hana , Motevaseli Elahe , Rezapoor Saeed , Nouruzi Farzad , Shabeeb Dheyauldeen , Eleojo Musa Ahmed , Ashabi Ghorbangol , Mohseni Mehran , Moradi Habiballah , Najafi Masoud
Published: June 2019

Background: Radiation-induced heart injury can lead to increased risk of heart failure, attack, and ischemia. Some studies proposed IL-4 and IL-13 as two important cytokines that are involved in late effects of ionizing radiation. On the other hand, these cytokines may, through upregulation of Duox1 and Duox2, induce chronic oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. In this study, we evaluated the upregulation of Duox1 and Duox2 pathways in hearts following chest irradiation in rats and then detected possible attenuation of them by melatonin. Materials and Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (1) control; (2) melatonin treated (100 mg/kg); (3) radiation (15 Gy gamma rays); (4) melatonin treated before irradiation. All rats were sacrificed after 10 weeks and their heart tissues collected for real-time PCR (RT-PCR), ELISA detection of IL-4 and IL-13, as well as histopathological evaluation of macrophages and lymphocytes infiltration. Results: Results showed an upregulation of IL-4, IL4ra1, Duox1, and Duox2. The biggest changes were for IL4ra1 and Duox1. Treatment with melatonin before irradiation could attenuate the upregulation of all genes. Melatonin also caused a reduction in IL-4 as well as reverse infiltration of inflammatory cells. Conclusion: Duox1 and Duox2 may be involved in the late effects of radiation-induced heart injury. Also, via attenuation of these genes, melatonin can offer protection against the toxic effects of radiation on the heart.
NMR Spectroscopy for Metabolomics Research
Authors: Emwas Abdul-Hamid , Roy Raja , McKay Ryan T. , Tenori Leonardo , Saccenti Edoardo , Gowda G. A. Nagana , Raftery Daniel , Alahmari Fatimah , Jaremko Lukasz , Jaremko Mariusz , Wishart David S.
Published: June 2019

Over the past two decades, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has emerged as one of the three principal analytical techniques used in metabolomics (the other two being gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography coupled with single-stage mass spectrometry (LC-MS)). The relative ease of sample preparation, the ability to quantify metabolite levels, the high level of experimental reproducibility, and the inherently nondestructive nature of NMR spectroscopy have made it the preferred platform for long-term or large-scale clinical metabolomic studies. These advantages, however, are often outweighed by the fact that most other analytical techniques, including both LC-MS and GC-MS, are inherently more sensitive than NMR, with lower limits of detection typically being 10 to 100 times better. This review is intended to introduce readers to the field of NMR-based metabolomics and to highlight both the advantages and disadvantages of NMR spectroscopy for metabolomic studies. It will also explore some of the unique strengths of NMR-based metabolomics, particularly with regard to isotope selection/detection, mixture deconvolution via 2D spectroscopy, automation, and the ability to noninvasively analyze native tissue specimens. Finally, this review will highlight a number of emerging NMR techniques and technologies that are being used to strengthen its utility and overcome its inherent limitations in metabolomic applications.
Enigmatic Alluvial Sapphires from the Orosmayo Region, Jujuy Province, Northwest Argentina: Insights into Their Origin from in situ Oxygen Isotopes
Authors: Graham Ian T. , Harris Stephen J. , Martin Laure , Lay Angela , Zappettini Eduardo
Published: June 2019

This study sought to investigate in situ oxygen isotopes (δ18O) within alluvial colorless-white to blue sapphires from the Orosmayo region, Jujuy Province, NW Argentina, in order to provide additional constraints on their origin and most likely primary geological environment. Analyses were conducted using the in situ SIMS oxygen isotope technique on the same grains that were analyzed for their mineral inclusions and major and trace element geochemistry using EMPA and LA–ICP–MS methods in our previous study. Results show a significant range in δ18O across the suite, from +4.1‰ to +11.2‰. Additionally, akin to their trace element chemistry, there is significant variation in δ18O within individual grains, reaching a maximum of 1.6‰. Both the previous analyses and δ18O results from this study suggest that these sapphires crystallized within the lower crust regime, involving a complex interplay of mantle-derived lamprophyres and carbonatites with crustal felsic rocks and both mantle- and crustal-derived metasomatic fluids. This study reinforces the importance of the in situ analysis of gem corundums, due to potential significant variation in major and trace element chemistry and ratios and even oxygen isotope ratios within discrete zones in individual grains.
Effect of Potassium Sorbate and Ultrasonic Treatment on the Properties of Fish Scale Collagen/Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Film
Authors: Liang Xue , Feng Shiyi , Ahmed Saeed , Qin Wen , Liu Yaowen
Published: June 2019

Composite films containing different amounts of potassium sorbate (KS) were prepared by using fish scale collagen (Col) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), light transmittance, mechanical, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and the antibacterial properties of the composite films were analyzed. The results showed that the addition of Col significantly reduced the light transmittance of the composite film, but KS had no significant effect on the light transmission. The tensile strength decreased first and then increased with the addition of KS, while the WVTR increased first and then decreased. The composite film exhibited a certain degree of antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. aureus. In addition, we found that ultrasonic treatment reduced the WVTR, and also improved tensile strength and elongation at break of the composite films, but had no significant effect on other properties. The KS/Col/PVA films have the potential to be used as antimicrobial food packaging.
Toward Rational Design of Novel Anti-Cancer Drugs Based on Targeting, Solubility, and Bioavailability Exemplified by 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives Synthesized Under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Rashdan Huda R.M. , Farag Mohammad M. , El-Gendey Marwa S. , Mounier Marwa M.
Published: June 2019

The 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives (9a–i) were synthesized under solvent free conditions and their chemical composition was confirmed using different spectral tools (IR, Mass, and NMR spectrometry). All the synthesized compounds were screened for their anti-cancer potentiality over human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) and human lung carcinoma (A-549). Most of the tested compounds showed remarkable anti-breast cancer activity. However, compound 4 showed the most anti-lung cancer activity. Then, compounds with cytotoxic activity ≥ 80% over breast and lung cells were subjected to investigate their specificity on human normal skin cell line (BJ-1). Compounds 9b and 9g were chosen owing to their high breast anti-cancer efficacy and their safety, in order to study the possible anti-cancer mode of action. Otherwise, drug delivery provides a means to overcome the low solubility, un-targeted release, and limited bioavailability of the prepared 1,3,4-thiadiazole drug-like substances. Compounds 9b and 9g were chosen to be encapsulated in Na-alginate microspheres. The release profile and mechanism of both compounds were investigated, and the results revealed that the release profiles of both microspheres showed a sustained release, and the release mechanism was controlled by Fickian diffusion. Accordingly, these compounds are promising for their use in chemotherapy for cancer treatment, and their hydrophilicity was improved by polymer encapsulation to become more effective in their pharmaceutical application.
Scandium Decoration of Boron Doped Porous Graphene for High-Capacity Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Wang Jing , Chen Yuhong , Yuan Lihua , Zhang Meiling , Zhang Cairong
Published: June 2019

The hydrogen storage properties of the Scandium (Sc) atom modified Boron (B) doped porous graphene (PG) system were studied based on the density functional theory (DFT). For a single Sc atom, the most stable adsorption position on B-PG is the boron-carbon hexagon center after doping with the B atom. The corresponding adsorption energy of Sc atoms was −4.004 eV. Meanwhile, five H2 molecules could be adsorbed around a Sc atom with the average adsorption energy of −0.515 eV/H2. Analyzing the density of states (DOS) and the charge population of the system, the adsorption of H2 molecules in Sc-B/PG system is mainly attributed to an orbital interaction between H and Sc atoms. For the H2 adsorption, the Coulomb attraction between H2 molecules (negatively charged) and Sc atoms (positively charged) also played a critical role. The largest hydrogen storage capacity structure was two Sc atoms located at two sides of the boron-carbon hexagon center in the Sc-B/PG system. Notably, the theoretical hydrogen storage capacity was 9.13 wt.% with an average adsorption energy of −0.225 eV/H2. B doped PG prevents the Sc atom aggregating and improves the hydrogen storage effectively because it can increase the adsorption energy of the Sc atom and H2 molecule.
Characterization of Key Aroma Compounds and Construction of Flavor Base Module of Chinese Sweet Oranges
Authors: Shui Mengzhu , Feng Tao , Tong Yanzun , Zhuang Haining , Lo Chihkang , Sun Hongfeng , Chen Ling , Song Shiqing
Published: June 2019

Sweet orange flavor, with its refreshing, joyful and attractive aroma, is favored by the majority of consumers all over the world. However, the industry terminology between flavorists for flavor evaluation is a bit vague and not intuitive for customers. Therefore, the study focused on analysis of sweet orange aroma and establishment of base module of orange flavor. The approach to the research involves screening key aroma compounds, identifying the attributes aroma and building base module of sweet orange. The notes of sweet orange flavor were determined by GC-O olfaction and sensory evaluation. 25 key aroma compounds with OAV ≥ 1 were screened and divided into eight notes: citrus, fruity, fresh, green, peely, woody, fatty, floral. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to further verify the corresponding relationship between the volatile substances and notes. Terpenes, esters, aldehydes and alcohols compounds can provide these notes. Based on the notes, 8 base modules of sweet orange were built by selecting and matching aroma ingredients. Through this study, beginners could be trained according to the 8 notes of base modules and flavorists can engage in dialogue with different raw material sourcing teams or providers.
Correction: Del Barrio-Galán, R., et al. Evaluation of Yeast Derivative Products Developed as an Alternative to Lees: The Effect on the Polysaccharide, Phenolic and Volatile Content, and Colour and Astringency of Red Wines. Molecules 2019, 24, 1478
Authors: Del Barrio-Galán Rubén Del , Úbeda Cristina , Gil Mariona , Medel-Marabolí Marcela , Sieczkowski Nathalie , Peña-Neira Álvaro
Published: June 2019

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]
Synthesis and Properties of 6-Aryl-4-azidocinnolines and 6-Aryl-4-(1,2,3-1H-triazol-1-yl)cinnolines
Authors: Danilkina Natalia A. , Bukhtiiarova Nina S. , Govdi Anastasia I. , Vasileva Anna A. , Rumyantsev Andrey M. , Volkov Artemii A. , Sharaev Nikita I. , Povolotskiy Alexey V. , Boyarskaya Irina A. , Kornyakov Ilya V. , Tokareva Polina V. , Balova Irina A.
Published: June 2019

An efficient approach towards the synthesis of 6-aryl-4-azidocinnolines was developed with the aim of exploring the photophysical properties of 6-aryl-4-azidocinnolines and their click reaction products with alkynes, 6-aryl-4-(1,2,3-1H-triazol-1-yl)cinnolines. The synthetic route is based on the Richter-type cyclization of 2-ethynyl-4-aryltriazenes with the formation of 4-bromo-6-arylcinnolines and nucleophilic substitution of a bromine atom with an azide functional group. The developed synthetic approach is tolerant to variations of functional groups on the aryl moiety. The resulting azidocinnolines were found to be reactive in both CuAAC with terminal alkynes and SPAAC with diazacyclononyne, yielding 4-triazolylcinnolines. It was found that 4-azido-6-arylcinnolines possess weak fluorescent properties, while conversion of the azido function into a triazole ring led to complete fluorescence quenching. The lack of fluorescence in triazoles could be explained by the non-planar structure of triazolylcinnolines and a possible photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. Among the series of 4-triazolylcinnoline derivatives a compound bearing hydroxyalkyl substituent at triazole ring was found to be cytotoxic to HeLa cells.