bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulating the climate response to atmospheric oxygen variability in the Phanerozoic: a focus on the Holocene, Cretaceous and Permian
Authors: Wade David C. , Abraham Nathan Luke , Farnsworth Alexander , Valdes Paul J. , Bragg Fran , Archibald Alexander T.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The amount of dioxygen (O2) in the atmosphere may have varied from as little as 5 % to as much as 35 % during the Phanerozoic eon (54 Ma–present).
These changes in the amount of O2 are large enough to have led to changes in atmospheric mass, which may alter the radiative budget of the atmosphere, leading to this mechanism being invoked to explain discrepancies between climate model simulations and proxy reconstructions of past climates.
Here, we present the first fully 3-D numerical model simulations to investigate the climate impacts of changes in O2 under different climate states using the coupled atmosphere–ocean Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 3 (HadGEM3-AO) and Hadley Centre Coupled Model version 3 (HadCM3-BL) models. We show that simulations with an increase in O2 content result in increased global-mean surface air temperature under conditions of a pre-industrial Holocene climate state, in agreement with idealised 1-D and 2-D modelling studies.
We demonstrate the mechanism behind the warming is complex and involves a trade-off between a number of factors. Increasing atmospheric O2 leads to a reduction in incident shortwave radiation at the Earth's surface due to Rayleigh scattering, a cooling effect.
However, there is a competing warming effect due to an increase in the pressure broadening of greenhouse gas absorption lines and dynamical feedbacks, which alter the meridional heat transport of the ocean, warming polar regions and cooling tropical regions. Case studies from past climates are investigated using HadCM3-BL and show that, in the warmest climate states in the Maastrichtian (72.1–66.0 Ma), increasing oxygen may lead to a temperature decrease, as the equilibrium climate sensitivity is lower.
For the Asselian (298.9–295.0 Ma), increasing oxygen content leads to a warmer global-mean surface temperature and reduced carbon storage on land, suggesting that high oxygen content may have been a contributing factor in preventing a “Snowball Earth” during this period of the early Permian.
These climate model simulations reconcile the surface temperature response to oxygen content changes across the hierarchy of model complexity and highlight the broad range of Earth system feedbacks that need to be accounted for when considering the climate response to changes in atmospheric oxygen content.
Neoglacial trends in diatom dynamics from a small alpine lake in the Qinling Mountains of central China
Authors: Cheng Bo , Adams Jennifer , Chen Jianhui , Zhou Aifeng , Zhang Qing , Mackay Anson
Published: August 2019

Abstract. During the latter stages of the Holocene, and prior to anthropogenic global warming, the Earth underwent a period of cooling called the neoglacial. The neoglacial was associated with declining summer insolation and changes to Earth surface albedo. Although impacts varied globally, in China the neoglacial was generally associated with cooler, more arid climate, which led to renewed permafrost formation, and shifts in vegetation composition. Few studies in central China, however, have explored the impact of neoglacial cooling on freshwater diversity, especially in remote alpine regions. Here we take a palaeolimnological approach to characterise multidecadal variability in diatom community composition, beta-diversity, and flux-inferred productivity over the past 3,500 years in the Qinling Mountains, biodiversity hotspot. We investigate the impact of long-term cooling on primary producers in an alpine lake, which are fundamental to overall aquatic ecosystem function. We show that trends in beta-diversity and shifts in ecological guilds likely reflect changing lake-catchment resource availability, linked to both long-term attenuation of the Asian summer monsoon, and abrupt cool events, linked to a strengthened Siberian High. Important diatom community and productivity responses to the Medieval Climatic Optimum and the Little Ice Age are all apparent in our record, although impact from previous centennial-scale, cool-events are less evident.
Mapping the yields of lignocellulosic bioenergy crops from observations at the global scale
Authors: Li Wei , Ciais Philippe , Stehfest Elke , van Vuuren Detlef , Popp Alexander , Arneth Almut , Di Fulvio Fulvio , Doelman Jonathan , Humpenöder Florian , Harper Anna , Park Taejin , Makowski David , Havlik Petr , Obersteiner Michael , Wang Jingmeng , Krause Andreas , Liu Wenfeng
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Most scenarios from Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) that project greenhouse gas emissions include the use of bioenergy as a means to reduce CO2 emissions or even to achieving negative emissions (together with CCS). The potential amount of CO2 that can be removed from the atmosphere depends, among others, on the yields of bioenergy crops, the land available to grow these crops and the efficiency with which CO2 produced by combustion is captured. While bioenergy crop yields can be simulated by models, estimates of the spatial distribution of bioenergy yields under current technology based on a large number of observations are currently lacking. In this study, a random forest algorithm is used to upscale a bioenergy yield dataset of 3,963 observations covering Miscanthus, switchgrass, eucalypt, poplar and willow using climatic and soil conditions as explanatory variables. The results are global yield maps of five important lignocellulosic bioenergy crops under current technology, climate and atmospheric CO2 conditions at a 0.5° × 0.5° spatial resolution. We also provide a combined “best bioenergy crop” yield map by selecting the one of the five crop types with the highest yield in each of the grid cell, eucalypt and Miscanthus in most cases. The global median yield of the best crop is 16.3 t DM ha-1 yr-1. High yields mainly occur in the Amazon region and Southeast Asia. We further compare our empirically derived maps with yield maps used in three IAMs and find that the median yields in our maps are > 50 % higher than those in the IAM maps. Our estimates of gridded bioenergy crop yields can be used to provide bioenergy yields for IAMs, to evaluate land surface models, or to identify the most suitable lands for future bioenergy crop plantations. The 0.5° × 0.5° global maps for yields of different bioenergy crops and the best crop and for the best crop composition generated from this study can be download from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3274254 (Li, 2019).
P-model v1.0: An optimality-based light use efficiency model for simulating ecosystem gross primary production
Authors: Stocker Benjamin D. , Wang Han , Smith Nicholas G. , Harrison Sandy P. , Keenan Trevor F. , Sandoval David , Davis Tyler , Prentice I. Colin
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Terrestrial photosynthesis is the basis for vegetation growth and drives the land carbon cycle. Accurately simulating gross primary production (GPP, ecosystem-level apparent photosynthesis) is key for satellite monitoring and Earth System Model predictions under climate change. While robust models exist for describing leaf-level photosynthesis, predictions diverge due to uncertain photosynthetic traits and parameters which vary on multiple spatial and temporal scales. Here, we describe and evaluate a gross primary production (GPP, photosynthesis per unit ground area) model, the P-model, that combines the Farquhar-von Caemmerer-Berry model for C3 photosynthesis with an optimality principle for the carbon assimilation-transpiration trade-off, and predicts a multi-day average light use efficiency (LUE) for any climate and C3 vegetation type. The model is forced here with satellite data for the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation and site-specific meteorological data and is evaluated against GPP estimates from a globally distributed network of ecosystem flux measurements. Although the P-model requires relatively few inputs and prescribed parameters, the R2 for predicted versus observed GPP based on the full model setup is 0.75 (8-day mean, 131 sites) – better than some state-of-the-art satellite data-driven light use efficiency models. The R2 is reduced to 0.69 when not accounting for the reduction in quantum yield at low temperatures and effects of low soil moisture on LUE. The R2 for the P-model-predicted LUE is 0.37 (means by site) and 0.53 (means by vegetation type). The P-model provides a simple but powerful method for predicting – rather than prescribing – light use efficiency and simulating terrestrial photosythesis across a wide range of conditions. The model is available as an R package (rpmodel).
Impact of downscaled rainfall biases on projected runoff changes
Authors: Charles Stephen P. , Chiew Francis H. S. , Potter Nicholas J. , Zheng Hongxing , Fu Guobin , Zhang Lu
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Realistic projections of changes to daily rainfall frequency and magnitude, at catchment scales, are required to assess the potential impacts of climate change on regional water supply. We show that quantile-quantile matched (QQM) bias-corrected daily rainfall from dynamically downscaled WRF simulations of current climate produce biased hydrological simulations, in a case study for the State of Victoria, Australia (237 629 km2). While the QQM bias correction can remove bias in daily rainfall distributions at each 10 km2 grid point across Victoria, the GR4J rainfall-runoff model underestimates runoff when driven with QQM bias-corrected daily rainfall. We compare simulated runoff differences using bias-corrected and empirically scaled rainfall for several key water supply catchments across Victoria and discuss the implications for confidence in the magnitude of projected changes for mid-century. Our results highlight the imperative for methods that can correct for temporal and spatial biases in dynamically downscaled daily rainfall if they are to be suitable for hydrological projection.
Spirituality: The Power of Entrepreneurship
Authors: Raco Jozef , Ohoitimur Johanis , Sobon Kosmas
Published: August 2019

Spirituality is considered to be an essential nature of human being that strengthens their purpose and mental power to do something for the betterment of many people. Spirituality is considered as a part of theology or other divine disciplines. Spirituality is becoming an important topic in Management and Economics, particularly in entrepreneurship. It is an animating force and vital principle that motivates entrepreneurs to run a business which is not merely for making profit but, enabling them to better serve people. A real spiritual entrepreneur is not just looking for their own benefit, but for the betterment of others. Any business which is beneficial and helpful to others will grow better and enjoy economic benefits. Spirituality is in line with the core principle of entrepreneurs, which is doing business to meet customers’ need. One characteristic of spirituality is seeking to transcend the ego or their own self-centered interests. That is why spirituality is very important for entrepreneurs. It can be considered as a capital that has a number of core elements such as being driven by deep values, having a clear sense of purpose, and involving applied ethics in service.
Business Process Reengineering and the Performance of Insurance Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Eze Benneth Uchenna , Adelekan Saidi Adedeji , Nwaba Emmanuel Kanayo
Published: August 2019

This study investigated the effect of business process reengineering on the performance of insurance firms in Nigeria, by employing two components of business process reengineering. Survey research design was adopted, through the administration of structured questionnaires on some selected staff of insurance companies at their head offices in Lagos, Nigeria. The research instrument was validated through content validity index (CVI), while the reliability of the research instrument was tested through test-retest method. The findings revealed that, the two components of business process reengineering adopted for this study have individual positive significant effect on insurance firms’ performance and adoption of new process. The F-statistics revealed that the two components of business process reengineering adopted for this study have positive significant combined effect on insurance firms’ performance in Nigeria. The adjusted coefficient of determination implied that, change in insurance firms’ performance is explained by the combined business process reengineering components. It is therefore concluded that, business process reengineering components are important drivers of insurance firms’ performance. It is recommended that, insurance firms should introduce new technology that will aid insurance penetration, especially information communication technology (ICT). The deployment of ICT tends to make it easier for existing and new customers to pick-up insurance policies through their smart phones or personal computers. Furthermore, insurance firms should equally come up with reengineered processes. The process of serving their customers should be enhanced.
The Impact of Perception Related Social Media Marketing Applications on Consumers’ Brand Loyalty and Purchase Intention
Authors: Ceyhan Ayben
Published: August 2019

Social media offers a social interaction environment where consumers have the opportunity to communicate with brands, exchange ideas with other users, produce content and influence the masses. Brands also create various social media marketing applications by turning these opportunities in their favor. In this study, it was aimed to measure the effect of consumer perception on marketing applications of brands on Instagram pages and their impact on brand loyalty as well as purchase intention. In this context, the research model developed was tested on Beykent University students. Data obtained by the survey method were analyzed using SPSS and Amos package programs. According to research findings, the functional value, hedonic value and self-brand image congruency perceptions towards the Instagram page of the brand in question positively affected the purchase intention, whereas the social value and co-creation perceptions did not have a significant effect on purchase intention. The functional value, social value and self-brand image congruency perceptions towards the Instagram page of the brand in question positively affected brand loyalty, whereas the hedonic value and co-creation value perceptions were found to be unrelated to brand loyalty. Furthermore, it was observed that brand loyalty mediates the whole effect of the functional value and co-creation perceptions towards the Instagram page of the brand in question on purchase intention.
Information Level Representation of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) Managers about Securities
Authors: Sayım Ferhat
Published: August 2019

This research was carried out with private company owners and shareholders-managers in Yalova. These managers were asked about the general approach for the most commonly used securities in the financial system. They were asked to express the level of knowledge they felt. The interviews were conducted face to face with the managers. The level of knowledge expressed by the managers was evaluated on a triple scale. It was examined with various cross tables. Percentages were taken. According to the findings, most owners and shareholders - managers accept that they do not have enough knowledge about the securities used in the financial markets. The lowest level of knowledge is expressed for the derivative products. The highest level of knowledge is expressed for the stock types. As a first step, this study is important in terms of raising awareness on this issue. This research and its results can be used for the development of training and programs for businessman. Also, they can be used in the chambers of commerce and universities.
Respostas neuromusculares ao treinamento resistido de alta intensidade (HIRT)
Authors: Azevedo Antenor Barbosa Calandrini , Meninea Deivison Soares , Magno Arthur Pinto , Coswig Victor Silveira
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: Descrever respostas neuromusculares ao treinamento resistido de alta intensidade (HIRT). Materiais e Métodos: 12 voluntários executaram testes de salto horizontal (SH), salto vertical (SV), arremesso de Medicine-Ball (MedBall), força de pressão manual (FPM) antes, após e após 24h e 48h do protocolo HIRT. Resultados: Força e potência de membros superiores demonstraram diferença significante apenas entre os períodos PRÉ e PÓS, tanto para SV (p=0,01) quanto para SH (p=0,02). Entretanto, arremesso de MedBall e FPM não demonstraram mudanças significantes entre os momentos. Conclusão: O treinamento resistido de alta intensidade (HIRT) afeta de modo agudo a potência de membros inferiores, mas não de superiores. Porém, o período de 24h parece ser suficiente para recuperação.
Fiscal Discipline and the Successful Completion of Municipal Projects: The Case of City of Tshwane
Authors: Shai Taola Simon , Worku Zeleke , Muchie Mammo
Published: August 2019

Kaiser, Crother, Kelly, Luiselli, O’Shea, Ota, Passos, Schleip and Wuster (2013) have shown the relationship between fiscal discipline and the successful completion of municipal projects in Sub-Saharan African countries. The study aims to assess and evaluate the degree of fiscal discipline exercised by employees of the City of Tshwane on municipal finance. Financial practitioners working in the City of Tshwane are required to comply with regulations and guidelines stipulated in the South African Municipal Finance Management Act (Act number 56 of 2003). Data was collected from a stratified random sample of 146 employees of the City of Tshwane who were responsible for providing financial services to customers. Data was collected by using a structured, pre-tested and validated questionnaire of study. Statistical methods such as frequency tables, cross-tab analyses and ordered probit regression were used for performing data analyses. Efficiency in financial management was assessed by assessing the degree of adherence of employees to the Municipal Finance Management Act (MFMA) based on a composite index defined by Kaiser, Crother, Kelly, Luiselli, O’Shea, Ota, Passos, Schleip & Wuster (2013). The study showed that 89% of the 146 employees who were selected for the study demonstrated adequate adherence to the Act, whereas 11% of employees failed to do so by the same standards. The study found that the degree of adherence of employees to the MFMA was significantly influenced by 3 factors. These 3 factors were degree of skills in financial accounting and auditing, duration of service, and degree of job satisfaction, in a decreasing order of strength. The results indicated a robust association between fiscal discipline and the successful completion of municipal projects.
Reverse Measurement as a Tool for Management Method Evaluation
Authors: Furjan Martina Tomičić
Published: August 2019

Strategic planning is a procedure that is supposed to define organizational development through the identification of strategic goals. Models can help in understanding the business technology and in creation of formal specifications of the functionality, structure and behavior of real system appearances. By giving the entities in the model numerical values, possible improvements can be simulated, measured and evaluated according to the measurements, and then use for managing the organization. The issue on this approach is that the results that are gotten from the model measurements can be compared to the real values that the model results represent only after they are already accomplished. In this paper the use of reverse measurement is being introduced as a tool for evaluating management methods, in order to ensure the usability of a method prior to its application for managing the organization.
New set of microsatellite markers for the walnut hybrid progeny Mj209xRa and assessment of its transferability into Juglans genus
Authors: Contreras Angela , Licea-Moreno Ricardo Julian , Campos Victor , Quintana Julia , Merino Irene , Gomez Luis
Published: August 2019

Aim of the study: The research was aimed to design microsatellite markers for genotyping and differentiation of trees from the walnut hybrid progeny Mj209×Ra. As a secondary objective, the transferability and classificatory capacity of some of these loci were assessed for Juglans genus.Area of study: The most widely spread walnut hybrid progeny used in Europe for wood production was used. Pure species from Juglans genus as Arizona black walnut (J. major (Torrey) Heller) and European or common walnut (J. regia L.), as well as a different hybrid Mj209xRa lots, were also included.Materials and methods: Genomic DNA from a hybrid tree was used for the construction of libraries enriched with dinucleotides repeats (CA/GA). From approximately 700 fragments containing SSR regions, 18 loci were finally selected for the genetic characterization. Eight of these genomic microsatellite markers were used to assess their transferability into Juglans genus. Main results: Despite the high degree of kinship of the hybrid progeny, it was possible to differentiate random trees with a low probability of error. Markers also allowed to differentiate unambiguously between Arizona black walnut and European walnut. They were even able to discriminate two hybrid Mj209×Ra lots with a high degree of certainty.Research highlights: This new set of microsatellites might be considered a complement for the markers published up to date to perform studies into Juglandaceae family.Keywords: Juglandaceae; wood production; genotyping; genotype identification; simple sequence repeats; SSR.
Premium Private Labels Products: Drivers of Consumers’ Intention to Buy
Authors: Martinelli Elisa , De Canio Francesca
Published: August 2019

In the last years, there has been a proliferation of Private Labels (PLs) and a strategic change in the way retailers conceive and manage this kind of tool. From an instrument devoted to underline the price convenience orientation of retailers, today PLs are articulated in different tiers (economy, standard and premium) and have become a tool to give a good quality option to customers, improving their loyalty and differentiating from competitors. In this context, the paper focuses on a specific PLs tier, Premium Private Labels (PPLs), given the high growth rates, current and perspective, they present. Specifically, the study aims at investigating the drivers of PPLs consumer buying intention. Results derived by the Structural Equation Model employed on a dataset of 211 questionnaires collected by administering a survey on a sample of actual buyers of PPL products show that perceived product quality, label consciousness and the PPL familiarity exert a positive impact on attitude towards PPL products. Conversely, retail customers do not choose a PPL product to conform to others. Moreover, although the increasing extension of the PPL assortment with Geographical Indications, no significant effect was found between the PPLs products branded with a PDO/PGI (Protected Designation of Origin/Protected Geographical Indication) label and attitude towards PPLs. Finally, findings show that the higher the level of consumer familiarity to the PPL, the higher the intention to buy PPL products. These results offer relevant implications from a marketing and strategical viewpoint, providing valuable insights for practitioners and scholars.
Elements of perfect order rate research in logistics chains
Authors: Jacyna-Gołda Ilona , Kłodawski Michał , Lewczuk Konrad , Łajszczak Marcin , Chojnacki Tomasz , Siedlecka-Wójcikowska Teresa
Published: August 2019

Perfect order rate (POR) is one of the superior measures of the logistics processes quality. POR is at the top of the hierarchy of key performance indicators (KPI) in supply chain and is considered as difficult to define and measure. Perfect order rate is composed of sub-measures touching technical, economic, quality and safety aspects of logistics processes. POR directly defines what the organization considers to be the perfect implementation of its tasks (and thus sets goals for the organization) and, secondly, measures the degree of achievement of these goals. The paper defines the concept of perfect order rate by including new elements to classic definition, so far rarely considered in the literature: possibility of order implementation according to standard procedures in organization and safety aspects. The concept of logistics chain and the impact of its functioning on the POR value have been defined. The picking and replenishment processes were discussed in detail as the basic elements affecting the quality of logistics processes and the value of POR. Next, the issues of logistic processes safety in warehouse facilities were discussed. The large intensity of warehouse operations along with their mechanization and automation very often leads to many hazards in warehouses and logistics chain. These hazard are usually related with warehouse workers safety. However, they can also lead to various delays or downtime in the material flows, as well as damage or reducing the quality of materials. So it was assumed that safety aspects can influencing the value of POR in the logistics chain. Due to conducted research and compiled reports indicate that many accidents in the warehouse are associated with the forklifts use as equipment for material handling. Therefore, in paper main attention was paid to hazards related with forklifts, warehouse safety speed, etc.
A study framework for assessing the performance of the urban freight transport based on PLS approach
Authors: Moufad Imane , Jawab Fouad
Published: August 2019

The urban freight transport (UFT) is an important component of the urban logistics. It represents a driving force for the economic dynamics and attractiveness of a city. It can be treated as all movements of goods necessary for the economic activities, the institutions and the residents of urban life. Through, it faces with problems relating to the congestion, unsafety, atmospheric and noise pollution that constrain its performance and hinder its development. This performance is a complex subject on which a great deal of research has emerged in the last decade. Accordingly, this paper aims to develop a model for assessing the performance of the UFT. The objective is to identify the determinants of the performance of the urban freight transport and measure the impact of each factor. Therefore the first part of this article concerns the elaboration of the model and the formulation of the hypotheses. First, an overview of the factors that could influence the performance of the UFT was identified based on a literature review. The result of this step allowed to model, by mobilizing the GRAI grid (Graph of results and interrelated activities), the UFT system in order to release the decisional links between these factors. Then, the grid will be decomposed into hypotheses explaining the relations between the factors and the performance of the UFT. The formulation of each hypothesis will be based on all the theoretical works that have treated it.
The second part includes the empirical study to test the model using the partial least squares (PLS) analysis. Therefore, we conducted a survey among managers and users of the UFT in the city of Fez. A hypothetico-deductive approach has been used with a sequential methodological complementarity between qualitative analysis for exploratory purposes and the support of quantitative analysis for confirmation. The results of the test, confirm a significant influence of the identified factors on the UFT performance. The practical scope of this paper is to provide a decision-making framework for urban management department explaining the impact of these factors on the UFT performance.
POLITICS, POWER AND AUTHORITY IN CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY: THE NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE FROM 2015 TO DATE
Authors: Adagbabiri Moses M.
Published: August 2019

Politics, power, and authority are concepts in political science that have to elude precise description or apt definition because of the divergent views of the layman, scholar and the political analysts on the issue of politics, what power connotes and how authority is consti-tutionally recognized as legitimate or rightful by individuals or group. The obvious thing among these terms is the striking and often shared relationship that exist between and among them. While politics exist to pursue power, power is sought to exercise authority and pursue an interest which can either be narrowly or broadly defined in a constitutional democracy. Thus, the thrust of this paper is to assess the nitty-gritty of politics, power, and authority in Nigeria from 2015 to date with reference to constitutional and leadership roles of political actors, elected representatives and power relations among the three organs of government in a constitutional democracy. Finally, the paper recommends among others that there is a need for enlightenment program on executive – legislature relations, a col-laboration between the executive and the legislature, effective observation of the principle of separation of powers and effective oversight functions and independence of the legisla-ture and its leadership.
BANGLADESH NATIONAL ADOLESCENT HEALTH STRATEGY, A STEP TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS BY 2030: A POLICY ANALYSIS AND LEGAL BASIS
Authors: Sultana Tahmina , Tareque Mohammad
Published: August 2019

This paper aims to critically assess the adolescent focused policies and plans of Bangladesh of the last two decades. Another aim of this article is to check how the latest National Adolescent Health Strategy (NAHS) is compatible with the global strategy and to suggest some ways to achieve Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 using policy analysis trian-gle framework. Authors reviewed all relevant policy documents introduced by the Govern-ment of Bangladesh during 1998-2017. This framework allows the analysis of the contex-tual factors that influenced the policy, the process and the entities involved in the decision making. Findings suggest Bangladesh strategy is comprehensive and aligned with global strategies but only regarding the key strategies. Thus identifying key activities including implementation and monitoring plan with a specific timeline is the urgently required. A tentative Plan of Action has been proposed and it is expected that the policy community will be benefitted to take their future actions to implement the strategy successfully.
LEGAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF LEASING IN POLAND
Authors: Białek Ryszard , Bogacki Sylwester
Published: August 2019

The leasing contract is based on the construction of a payable use of things by the user, without ownership. Throughout the duration of the contract, the thing remains the proper-ty of the financing party (in a civil-law sense) securing owner’s interests, while the user, when paying lease installments and not purchasing the used item, uses it for its business purposes. The leasing contract is a contract named, whose essentialia negotti are regulated in the Civil Code. A leasing contract is a special type of contract for the use of things, a contract located directly in the Civil Code under the provisions on lease and tenancy. The regulation of the leasing agreement is based on the provisions of a dispositive nature.
MODERN INTERPRETATION OF "COMPETENCE" CONCEPT AS THE HIGHER CORPUS OF THE UKRAINE STATE SERVICE
Authors: Novogrebelskaya Irina
Published: August 2019

The article highlights the results of the current study of the modern interpretation of the concept of "competence" in relation to the higher civil service corps.
It is established that in Ukraine the notion of "competence" is defined as the combination of knowledge, skills, and practical skills, personality qualities or the ability of a person to use special knowledge, skills and abilities and personal qualities within the limits of powers determined. At the same time, there is a mismatch between the competences of the mas-ter's level of higher education and the requirements for persons who are applying for the post of senior civil service, as well as these requirements and key indicators of the evalua-tion of the results of the service activity.
International standards indicate that the modern interpretation of the concept of "compe-tence" is based on the activity approach: as demonstrated the ability to apply in practice that knowledge and skills, which affect the quality and in a manner that will lead to quality improvement. That is, the competence of employees, in particular, the senior civil service, should be demonstrated during their activities on the positions and contribute to the im-provement of the quality of public administration.
It is proved that further research should relate to the activity approach in applying the concept of "competence" and scientifically grounded proposals as to the definition of the components of competence of senior civil service officials and the criteria for evaluating their activities.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW OF COMPUTER-GENERATED WORKS DERIVING FROM ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Ismanjanov Akbar
Published: August 2019

With the proliferation of artificial intelligence, the significant domain forming the copy-rightable works autonomously created by the computer, without significant expenditure of human effort and skill. The reality of today is that information content is predominantly coming from the computer, where the idea-expression dichotomy of originality is rather referring to the computer than a human author. However, the copyright is revolving around the human-centered authorship its showing resistance to non-human creativity. In the context of authorship, the artificial category of a corporation owning property in the interest of their shareholders allowing application concerning the artificial intelligence author. Moreover, computer programs exercising independent choice in the unpredictability of the outcome of the operation can objectively approximate artificial intelligence to the qualification of authorship.
Le savon et la propreté dans la littérature du XIXe siècle
Authors: Giraud Barbara
Published: August 2019

À travers l’étude du savon en tant qu’objet, nous souhaitons dans cet article aborder les tensions hygiéniques, sociales et littéraires qui caractérisent la toilette du corps au XIXe siècle. Nous proposons une contextualisation médicale et littéraire de cet objet résolument ancré dans le quotidien afin de le réintégrer dans un rite – celui de la toilette – et dans un discours qui lui confère une vie inséparable de celle de son possesseur. Grâce à une perspective de culture matérielle, il est possible de mettre en lumière un réseau de significations dissimulé sous ce détail que semble être cet objet dans la littérature. Le savon apparaît avant tout comme le vecteur de la vertu encore trop lié au quotidien des individus issus des basses classes. Cependant, paradoxalement peut-être compte tenu de la relation directe qu’il entretient avec le corps, il semblerait que le savon soit le grand absent des romans réalistes et naturalistes.
The effect of external lateral stabilization on the control of mediolateral stability in walking and running
Authors: Mahaki Mohammadreza , Bruijn Sjoerd M , H. van Dieën Jaap
Published: August 2019

It is still unclear how humans control mediolateral (ML) stability in walking and even more so for running. Here, foot placement strategy as a main mechanism to control ML stability was compared between walking and running. Moreover, to verify the role of foot placement as a means to control ML stability in both modes of locomotion, this study investigated the effect of external lateral stabilization on foot placement control. Ten young adults participated in this study. Kinematic data of the trunk (T6) and feet were recorded during walking and running on a treadmill in normal and stabilized conditions. Correlation between ML trunk CoM state and subsequent ML foot placement, step width, and step width variability were assessed. Paired t-tests (either SPM1d or normal) were used to compare aforementioned parameters between normal walking and running. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs (either SPM1d or normal) were used to test for effects of walking vs. running and of normal vs. stabilized condition. We found a stronger correlation between ML trunk CoM state and ML foot placement and significantly higher step width and step width variability in walking than in running. The correlation between ML trunk CoM state and ML foot placement, step width, and step width variability were significantly decreased by external lateral stabilization in walking and running, and this reduction was stronger in walking than in running. We conclude that ML foot placement is coordinated to ML trunk CoM state to stabilize both walking and running and this coordination is stronger in walking than in running.
Genomic analysis of prevalent Staphylococcus epidermidis multidrug-resistant strains isolated during eight years in a single children hospital in México City.
Authors: Cabrera-Contreras Roberto , Santamaría Rosa I , Bustos Patricia , Martínez-Flores Irma , Meléndez Enrique , Morelos Rubén , Barbosa-Amezcua Martín , González-Covarrubias Vanessa , Silva-Herzog Eugenia , Soberón Xavier , González Víctor
Published: August 2019

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a human commensal and pathogen worldwide distributed. In this work, we surveyed for multi-resistant S. epidermidis strains in eight years at a children health-care unit in México City. Multidrug-resistant S. epidermidis were present in all years of the study. Resistance to methicillin, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides were included. To understand the genetic basis of antibiotic resistance and its association with virulence and gene exchange, we sequenced the genomes of 17 S. epidermidis isolates. Whole-genome nucleotide identities between all the pairs of S. epidermidis strains were about 97% to 99%. We inferred a clonal structure and eight Multilocus Sequence Types (MLST´s) in the S. epidermidis sequenced collection. The profile of virulence includes genes involved in biofilm formation and phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs). However, half of the S. epidermidis analyzed lacked the icaoperon for biofilm formation. Likely, they are commensal S. epidermidis strains but multi-antibiotic resistant. Uneven distribution of insertion sequences, phages, and CRISPR-Cas immunity phage systems suggest frequent horizontal gene transfer. Rates of recombination between S. epidermidis strains were more prevalent than the mutation rate and affected the whole genome. Therefore, the multidrug-resistance, independently of the pathogenic traits, might explain the persistence of specific highly adapted S. epidermidis clonal lineages in nosocomial settings.
Key Issues of Research Ethics and Integrity in Global Challenges Research
Authors: Cristóbal Cristóbal , Anderson Matilda , Reid Corinne
Published: August 2019

Global challenges research brings with it the challenge of integrating diverse cultural and disciplinary perspectives in the service of addressing persistent and complex problems. In fragile and resource poor contexts this also brings with it a swathe of operational, legal and logistic challenges which can generate ethical conflicts. A scoping review is needed to identify key issues of research ethics and integrity, as well as strategies that have been brought to bear in an effort to resolve them. This protocol followed Prisma guidelines for Scoping Reviews (Prisma-ScR) and provides details of the review scope and parameters.
Skrivelek
Authors: Bendiksen Solveig Åsgard
Published: August 2019

Artikkelen presenterer designet av utstillingen Are You Experienced? (2012), og er en delstudie i et forskningsprosjekt som studerer tidlig litterasitet fra kunstnerens (A), forskerens (r) og utdannerens (t) perspektiver (=Art i A/r/t-ografi, heretter artografi). Ni barn fra en barnehage deltok i skrivelek i ni verkstedmiljøer som tilbød forskjelligartede skriveflater og håndverktøy. For å synliggjøre skrivelek som en kunstdidaktisk variant av begrepet lekeskriving, ble empiri fra skrivelekens prosesser og produkter organisert i tre utstillingskomponenter som samlet dannet en estetisk formasjon i et offentlig rom. Parallelt med designprosessen presenteres det hermeneutiske spillet mellom utstillingsrommet, publikum og utstillingens innhold. Artikkelen peker på hvordan utstillingsdesignet kan bidra til en kunstfagdidaktikk der det i større grad kan tas utgangspunkt i barns egne kulturuttrykk.
Eksperimentelle utforskinger av materialer og materialitet i transmaterielle landskaper
Authors: Waterhouse Ann-Hege Lorvik , Søyland Lovise , Carlsen Kari
Published: August 2019

Artikkelen bygger på et forskningsprosjekt forankret i en formingsfaglig undervisningskontekst i barnehagelærerutdanninga. Gjennom en A/r/tografisk tilnærming undersøkes det hva som skjer når det åpnes for eksperimentelle, rhizomatiske og uforutsette prosesser som transformerer fysiske og digitale materialer og fenomener i skapende handlinger. Rammeplan for barnehagen fra 2017 forutsetter en fornyet digital praksis i barnehagen og i barnehagelærerutdanninga. Gjennom koblinger av materialer og digitale transformasjoner oppstår nye materielle uttrykk, og nye handlingsmuligheter i skapende prosesser produseres. I artikkelen vises det videre til hvordan skapende prosesser i et kollektivt læringsmiljø kan akkumulere mer kunnskap gjennom delt kunnskap ut fra en rhizomatisk forståelse av kunnskapsprosesser.
Taxonomic reassessment of the genus Dichotomius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) through integrative taxonomy
Authors: Pardo-Diaz Carolina , Lopera Toro Alejandro , Peña Tovar Sergio Andrés , Sarmiento-Garcés Rodrigo , Sanchez Herrera Melissa , Salazar Camilo
Published: August 2019

Dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae are widely recognised as important providers of multiple ecosystem services and are currently experiencing revisions that have improved our understanding of higher-level relationships in the subfamily. However, the study of phylogenetic relationships at the level of genus or species is still lagging behind. In this study we investigated the New World beetle genus Dichotomius, one of the richest within the New World Scarabaeinae, using the most comprehensive molecular and morphological dataset for the genus to date (in terms of number of species and individuals). Besides evaluating phylogenetic relationships, we also assessed species delimitation through a novel Bayesian approach (iBPP) that enables morphological and molecular data to be combined. Our findings support the monophyly of the genus Dichotomius but not that of the subgenera Selenocopris and Dichotomius sensu stricto (s.s). Also, our results do not support the recent synonymy of Selenocopris with Luederwaldtinia. Some species-groups within the genus were recovered, and seem associated with elevational distribution. Our species delimitation analyses were largely congruent irrespective of the set of parameters applied, but the most robust results were obtained when molecular and morphological data were combined. Although our current sampling and analyses were not powerful enough to make definite interpretations on the validity of all species evaluated, we can confidently recognise D. nisus, D. belus and D. mamillatus as valid and well differentiated species. Overall, our study provides new insights into the phylogenetic relationships and classification of dung beetles and has broad implications for their systematics and evolutionary analyses.
Sex differences in the response to angiotensin II receptor blockade in a rat model of eccentric cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Walsh-Wilkinson Élisabeth , Drolet Marie-Claude , Le Houillier Charlie , Roy Ève-Marie , Arsenault Marie , Couet Jacques
Published: August 2019

Background. Men and women differ in their susceptibility to cardiovascular disease, though the underlying mechanism has remained elusive. Heart disease symptoms, evolution and response to treatment are often sex-specific. This has been studied in animal models of hypertension or myocardial infarction in the past but has received less attention in the context of heart valve regurgitation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the development of cardiac hypertrophy (CH) in response to left ventricle (LV) volume overload (VO) caused by chronic aortic valve regurgitation (AR) in male and female rats treated or not with angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), valsartan. We studied eight groups of Wistar rats: male or female, AR or sham-operated (sham) and treated or not with valsartan (30 mg/kg/day) for 9 weeks starting one week before AR surgical induction.

Results. As expected, VO from AR resulted for both male and female rats in significant LV dilation (39% vs. 40% end-diastolic LV diameter increase, respectively; p < 0.0001) and CH (53% vs. 64% heart weight increase, respectively; p < 0.0001) compared to sham. Sex differences were observed in LV wall thickening in response to VO. In untreated AR males, relative LV wall thickness (a ratio of wall thickness to end-diastolic diameter) was reduced compared to sham, whereas this ratio in females remained unchanged. ARB treatment did not prevent LV dilation in both male and female animals but reversed LV wall thickening in females. Systolic and diastolic functions in AR animals were altered similarly for both sexes. ARB treatment did not improve systolic function but helped normalizing diastolic parameters such as left atrial mass and E wave slope in female AR rats. Increased LV gene expression of Anp and Bnp was normalized by ARB treatment in AR females but not in males. Other hypertrophy gene markers (Fos, Trpc6, Klf15, Myh6 and Myh7) were not modulated by ARB treatment. The same was true for genes related to LV extracellular matrix remodeling (Col1a1, Col3a1, Fn1, Mmp2, Timp1 and Lox). In summary, ARB treatment of rats with severe AR blocked the female-specific hypertrophic response characterized by LV chamber wall thickening. LV dilation, on the other hand, was not significantly decreased by ARB treatment. This also indicates that activation of the angiotensin II receptor is probably more involved in the early steps of LV remodeling caused by AR in females than in males.
Justus Raphelengius (1573–1628) and Turkish Folk Tales
Authors: Palabiyik Nil
Published: August 2019

Justus Raphelengius, a Leiden printer and orientalist scholar, translated into Latin a sixteenth-century manuscript compilation of Turkish folk tales associated with the famous Anatolian comic figure Nasreddin Hoca. This article considers the role of Raphelengius’s translation within the framework of the manuscript circulation and print production of Nasreddin Hoca tales in Europe from the first dated manuscript to twentieth-century printed editions Raphelengius’s editorial choices for his intended publication, the style of his Latin translation, and his excision of bawdy or sacrilegious passages from the original text come under scrutiny.