bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Combined Effect of Silymarin, Quercetin, and Hesperidin on 3 nitro Propionic Acid-induced Rat Model of Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Bhimanwar Arti A , Nikam Aarti P , Dhamane S P , Barangule S P
Published: January 2024

This investigation proposes to encapsulate how the combined effects of silymarin, quercetin, and hesperidin impact the abilities of rats with Huntington’s disease (HD). Male Wistar rats were administered 3-NP through intraperitoneal injections. Various behavioral measures, including muscle grip strength, locomotor activity, and a string test, were assessed. After 22 days, assessments of lipid peroxidation, glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, succinate dehydrogenase (Complex II) activity, lactate dehydrogenase (Complex IV) activity, and the determination of interleukin-6 levels was performed. Administering 3-NP dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight for 21 days outcomes in a substantial rise in learning and memory impairments that closely resembled those seen in HD. Within specific treatment groups, it was observed that quercetin significantly enhanced muscle coordination and demonstrated a noteworthy upsurge in various behavioral measures. After silymarin, quercetin, and hesperidin were combined, there were significant improvements in key biochemical markers such as glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and SDH activity induced by 3-NP. These improvements led to a decrease in neuronal damage and apoptosis in brain. Each bioflavonoid successfully reinstated the stages of biochemical markers, for example, GSH, SOD, CAT, and SDH, while reducing the activity of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). However, after these bioflavonoids were combined, their collective impact was more potent Compared to what each achieved individually.
Effect of Coadministration of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Aegle marmelos Leaves and Tamarindus indica Seeds on Streptozocin-Nicotinamide Induced Type- 2 Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Prakash Jay , Shenoy Smita , Raghavendra Archana P , Nandakumar Krishnadas , Kishore Anoop
Published: January 2024

It is difficult for doctors to control hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients without having an effect that is too detrimental to the patient, despite the advancements that have been made in diabetes medications. Because of their adaptability and capacity to lower blood sugar with very few unintended side effects, herbal preparations are quickly gaining in popularity worldwide. In this study, hydroalcoholic extracts of Tamarindus indica seeds and Aegle marmelos leaves were tested to determine what kind of effect they had on a model of diabetes carried out on rats. For the purpose of this investigation, 54 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used as participants. Group I comprised of six people who did not have diabetes and were considered to be in good health. Intraperitoneal injections of streptozocin (55 mg/kg) and nicotinamide (NAD) (120 mg/kg) were used to induce diabetes in the remaining animals (n = 48). Following that, we divided them up into a total of eight distinct categories. Animals in groups IV and V were given AM at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg/day, animals in groups VI and VII were given TI at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg/day, animals in groups VIII and IX were given a combination of the two extracts (AM25+TI25 & AM50+TI50), while diabetic animals were used as controls in group II. A positive control consisting of metformin given at a dose of 200 mg/kg per day was utilized in group III. When compared to the diabetic control group, the fasting blood glucose levels and the area under the curve (AUC) of the oral glucose tolerance test were lower in all treatment groups. When compared to the metformin groups, the performance of the extract combination groups was considerably superior (p 0.01). Additionally, as compared to the diabetic control group, all of the treatment groups had significantly reduced levels of MDA and hepatic G-6-Pase activity (p 0.001). In terms of effectiveness, the combination group performed much better than the metformin group despite the fact that all pharmacological groups showed significant increases in body weight, relative liver weight, HDL level, and liver glycogen content in comparison to the diabetic controls. (p <05). When compared to the diabetic control group, all therapy groups showed an increase in G-6PD activity (p 0.001), catalase levels (p 0.001), and glutathione (GSH) levels (p 0.05). In STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rats, a combination of extracts (AM50+T150) demonstrated the best improvement after 30 days of therapy when compared to metformin and hydroalcoholic extracts (AM and TI) alone. This was the case even when both treatments were administered separately. There was no difference in the circumstances no matter which extracts were utilized.
Chemoprevention of DMH Induced Colon Carcinogenesis by Combination Administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Calcium and Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract
Authors: Mrudula Kumawat , Hemant Une
Published: January 2024

Colon cancer has become one of the most prevalent and deadliest type of cancer in the globe in recent years. In order to prevent colon cancer triggered by DMH (1,2-dimethyl hydrazine hydrochloride), this study was to investigate the potential chemopreventive effects of calcium citrate, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into 10 different groups and received subcutaneous injections of DMH (30 mg/kg) for 8 weeks of duration. Treatment groups were served for 4 weeks, 5-Flurouracil (20 mg/kg) was dosed with two intraperitoneal injections in a week and. L. acidophilus (1 × 109 cfu/kg p.o.), calcium citrate (2 mg/kg p.o.) and hydroalcoholic extract of M. oleifera leaves (100 and 200 mg/kg p.o.) were used for daily. All animals were killed after the completion of treatment, and colonic tissues were assessed for biochemical and histopathological parameters. DMH treatment-induced cellular and systemic oxidative stress results in depletion of cellular antioxidant enzyme levels with an alteration in hematological counts. The colonic tissues had a loose histoarchitecture with severe cellular infiltration, edema in the epithelium, and a moderate nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, goblet cells. Combination treatments of L. acidophilus (LA), Calcium citrate (CC), and hydroalcoholic extract of M. oleifera leaves (ME) showed positive improvements in antioxidant enzyme levels, hematology count, and colonic tissue histoarchitecture. From outcomes of the present work concluded that a combination treatment of L. acidophilus, calcium citrate and a hydroalcoholic extract of M. oleifera leaves showed chemo-preventive effects against colon cancer triggered by DMH.
To Evaluate the Epidemiology, Etiology, Risk Factors and Treatment Management in Chronic Kidney Disease in Children, Adult and Geriatric Patients in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Nellore
Authors: B Naveena , Darwin Ronald
Published: January 2024

Chronic renal failure is a life-threatening disease to society. The study was conducted from October 2021 to June 2023 the study was done in the Nephrology inpatient ward, Vijaya Super Speciality Hospital, Pogathota Nellore, Andhra Pradesh. The study design is a cross-sectional for epidemiology and prospective observational study-1 for etiology, II-risk factors, III-treatment management. The sample size are 381 subjects in that children are 51 subjects, adult 171 subjects and geriatric are 159 subjects. The male are 199 volunteers and the female are 182 volunteers with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The result of this study was the epidemiology factor more in adults (45%) when compared to children (13%) and geriatrics (42%). In the sex parameters are less affected to females (48%) and males (52%) are more affected with chronic kidney disease. The etiology causes in children are glomerulonephritis, adults diabetes mellitus (DM) and geriatrics pyelonephritis these are the main causes for chronic renal disease when compared to other etiological causes. Risk factors in children are congenital defects, adult are diabetes mellitus and geriatric are kidney disease these are the risk factors to the renal failure patients. In treatment management, hemodialysis is the most effective treatment to adults when compared to children’s and geriatric eng stage renal failure disease. The conclusion of this study initially may rectify causes and risk factors of the patients may not high prevalent in end-stage renal failure disease it not cause hemodialysis therapy and renal transplantation in children, adults and geriatric patients.
Isolation, Characterisation and In-vitro Antioxidant activities of Flavonoid Compounds from Methanolic fraction of Aspidopterys indica
Authors: C P Udaya , K Sunitha
Published: January 2024

Aspidopterys indica belongs to the family Malphigiaceae and is used to treat hypertension and skin diseases. In the current investigation, methanolic extract was fractionated using vacuum liquid chromatography, and the methanolic fraction was subjected to column chromatography for isolation and characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Mass, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectroscopy. The compounds isolated were assessed for their in-vitro DPPH antioxidant activity. Two compounds, AI-1 and AI-2, established after spectral analysis, were identified as catechin flavan-3-ol and isoorientin flavone C-glucoside. The results indicated that the compounds showed concentration-dependant DPPH scavenging action and IC50 of catechin 93.66 μg/mL, isoorientin 92.09 μg/mL. This study concludes that catechin and isoorientin with known antioxidant potential were isolated from the methanolic fraction of A. indica, which could effectively manage oxidative stress-related diseases.
Isolation, In-silico Studies, and Biological Evaluation of Higenamine from Annona squamosa L. against Breast Cancer
Authors: Shailaja Amol D , Pramodkumar Jaykumar S
Published: January 2024

The efficacy of Annona squamosa L. in cancer treatment has been documented, inspiring the authors to investigate the plant further for potential novel anticancer compounds. Therefore, the current study aimed to isolate and characterize Higenamine from leaves extract of A. squamosa L. and studied for the in-vitro cancer cell line and molecular docking. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) method development of A. squamosa L. leaves extract furnished Higenamine of which characterization was established by HPLC, infrared radiation (IR), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and its acute toxicity study and cytotoxic properties using MCF-7 cell lines by MTT assay were assessed. Molecular docking was done using Auto Dock Vina software to validate the anticancer activity. The extraction batches by ultrasonication and maceration methods showed good results using 80% methanol. Acute toxicity studies, after a single dose (2000 mg/kg) administration of methanolic extract don’t show clinical symptoms of toxicity and mortalities. From the extract, Higenamine was eluted and the dried fraction showed 66% of enrichment of Higenamine. The developed HPLC and TLC methods showed Higenamine (HGN) peak at 6.21 minutes band at Rf 0.61, respectively. The isolated compound was identified as Higenamine with FTIR spectroscopic analysis which revealed various characteristic band values with functional groups. HPLC-MS showed m/z at 272.1 (M+H+) corresponding to the molecular formula C16H17NO3. The IC50 value for Higenamine was 42.39 μg/mL were observed in MCF-7 breast cancer which was better than 5-Fluorouracil having 39.22 μg/mL. In-silico studies explored that higenamine showed good binding affinity to breast cancer PDBIDs and forms a stable complex. Furthermore, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of isolated compound was calculated using the Swiss ADME online tool in which higenamine was found to have a good pharmacokinetic profile as compared with 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin. Higenamine has been isolated and identified as a potential anticancer agent. Further research can explore its effectiveness through pharmaceutical formulation and in vitro cell line studies.
Pharmacological Study of the Anti-ulcer Efficacy of Saraca asoca Leaves Extract in Various Ulcer-inducing Models in Rats
Authors: Saxena Shivangi , Dubey Vishal , Tiwari Megha , Yadav Komal , Kumar Ashwani , Devi Shilpi
Published: January 2024

The ulcer is a common gastrointestinal disorder that is seen among many people. It is basically an inflamed break in the skin or the mucus membrane lining the alimentary tract. Ulceration occurs when there is a disturbance of the normal equilibrium caused by either enhanced aggression or diminished mucosal resistance. It may be due to the regular usage of drugs, irregular food habits, stress and so forth. In the present investigation anti-ulcer action of Saraca asoca leaf extract was determined in rats and results suggest that it possesses significant activity.
Preformulation: Development of Solubility, UV and FTIR estimation of Phytobioactive Antifungal Compounds Allicin
Authors: Yadav Praveen K , Swami Hemant
Published: January 2024

When developing new dosage forms, compatibility tests between excipients and active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) are essential for preformulation. An API’s chemical composition, stability, and bioavailability, as well as its safety and therapeutic efficacy, can all be affected by possible physical and chemical interactions with its excipients. Solid dosage forms are typically less stable than the constituents of their API. Even though testing for API-excipient compatibility is important, there isn’t a universally accepted method for assessing these kinds of interactions. The oily, yellow material that gives garlic its distinct smell is called allicin. It’s a thioester of sulfenic acid. Another name for it is alyl thiosulfinate. Its interaction with proteins containing thiols and antioxidant activity are what give it its biological activity. In the present work various preformulation parameters of allicin was estimated and reported.
Stability Indicating Reverse Phase Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Method Development and Validation for Amiloride and Hydrochlorothiazide Tablet in the Presence of Degradation Products and Application to Green Analytical Principles
Authors: Sabarwal Neetu , Jain Suman , Agarwal DD
Published: January 2024

Amiloride (AML) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) combination is used alone or with other medicines to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). The present article provides the development and validation of an reverse phase ultra performance liquid chromatography (RP-UPLC) approach for the quantification of AML, HCTZ, and related impurities in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The analytical column used for the separation of impurities is the Waters X bridge C18 3.5 μm (50 mm X 4.6 mm). Used 0.1% formic acid and ethanol as MP in an isocratic mode with 0.3 mL/min as flow rate and 3 μL as injection volume, at 254 nm as detection in UV and 12 minutes as total run time. The samples were prepared specifically to undergo forced degradation, which involved subjecting them to hydrolysis, oxidation, thermal, and photolytic conditions. The technique underwent validation by the principles set forth by the ICH Q2 guidelines. The validation confirmed that the method possesses specificity, linearity, ruggedness, robustness and accuracy. The methodology employed exhibited a linear relationship extending from 10 to 150% for all impurities. The recovery analysis was conducted throughout a range of concentrations, starting from 10 to 150% concentration. The average recovery value was determined to be within acceptable limits. The evidence of degradation and the findings of the verified study suggest that the nature of the subject under investigation is stable. Hence, this approach might be employed within the domains of pharmaceutical research and development and quality control departments. Green analytical chemistry tools are used to assess the method’s greenness and calculated using GAPI, AGREE and ecological-scale and found excellent green of >75%.
Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation of Gliclazide loaded Nanosuspension for Dissolution Rate Enhancement
Authors: . Padmnabh , Bhatt DC
Published: January 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a prolonged metabolic condition categorized through elevated blood glucose levels. To treat this condition, oral antihyperglycemic medications like gliclazide, a second-generation sulfonylurea insulin secretagogue, are commonly used. Gliclazide comes into the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class-II types, known for its lower solubility. To enhance its solubility, gliclazide was integrated into nanosuspensions. This study focused on formulating these gliclazide nanosuspensions using Kollicoat IR and Soluplus through the anti-solvent-precipitation method, through optimization achieved using the Box Behnken Design. Key parameters assessed included particle size (224 ± 1.23 nm) and entrapment efficiency (95.65 ± 0.12%). The drug release studies conducted on pH 7.4 indicated that over 95% of the drug was released within 30 minutes for the nanosuspension, whereas the pure drug solution released less than 70% in the same time frame, indicating immediate release with the nanosuspension. The morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-Ray diffractometers (XRD), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analyses confirmed the presence of the drug within the nanosuspension. In summary, the incorporation of gliclazide into nanosuspensions proved successful, resulting in enhanced release characteristics and ameliorated solubility.
Synthesizing Radiological Insights: Enhancing Lung Disease Classification through Multimodal Imaging
Authors: Kumari CS , Seethalakshmi K.
Published: January 2024

Precisely categorizing lung diseases is essential for effective medical treatments. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of advanced methods in lung disease classification, with a focus on integrating diverse imaging techniques like computerized tomography (CT), X-rays, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These imaging approaches collectively enhance the understanding of pulmonary conditions, aiding in early detection and differential diagnosis. The paper initially explains the fundamental principles of CT, MRI, and X-rays, highlighting their unique characteristics and roles in elucidating lung structures. It explores state-of-the-art methodologies, encompassing both traditional machine learning using engineered features and the expanding domain of deep learning utilizing neural networks to classify intricate diseases. A wide range of prevalent lung ailments, spanning from pneumonia and lung cancer to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are covered. Each domain delves into the considerations for adapting imaging modalities, involving data pre-processing, feature extraction, and algorithmic orchestration. Comparative evaluations of performance metrics offer insights into the effectiveness and limitations of each approach. Furthermore, the paper outlines the challenges associated with classifying lung diseases, including limited annotated data, complexities in model interpretation, and the seamless integration of algorithmic outcomes into clinical practices. As for future research avenues, the paper suggests innovative directions such as data augmentation, integrating multi-modal imaging information, and advancing transparent artificial intelligence (AI) frameworks to enhance their acceptance in clinical settings.
RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir in Pure and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Authors: Badkhal Amol , Verma Prachi , Umare Sandip , Patond Vishal , Sanghai Dhirendra , Chincholkar Priti
Published: January 2024

Daclatasvir and sofosbuvir in pure and medicinal dosage forms can be determined quickly and easily using a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) technique. An accurate, reproducible method was developed and validated. The mobile phase contained a mixture of 90% methanol:10% water (0.05% OPA). UV estimation was done with a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min and wavelength of 275 nm. The temperature was 30°C. Sofosbuvir stays in the body for 3.361 minutes and daclatasvir for 5.745 minutes. A quantitative study of commercial dosage forms went well with this method, which was made and tested. Sofosbuvir and daclatasvir each had a %RSD of 0.43 and 0.28, respectively. Recoveries were 97.85 and 98.52% for sofosbuvir and daclatasvir, respectively. Three methods were checked for precision, accuracy, linearity, selectivity, specificity, limit of detection (LoD), limit of quantitation (LoQ), robustness, and ruggedness according to rules of the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH).
In-silico Study of Epicathecin from Cinnamomum verum Against Insulin Receptor for Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Desu Brahma S R , Kumar Vikas , L Anitha , Kareemulla Shaik , Ahammed Shakkeela Y E , Dharmalingam Sudhahar , Mehta Hitesh H
Published: January 2024

Obesity has become more common in recent years. Fatalism can raise the chance of fatal metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Type 2 diabetes is one of the metabolic illnesses brought on by fat. Insulin receptor resistance, also known as non-insulin dependent type 2 diabetes, is a consequence of type 2 diabetes. Reduced insulin sensitivity and the inability of pancreatic beta cells to produce enough insulin to offset the development of resistance are the main causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin receptor problems that decrease INSR expression on the cell surface and follow receptor abnormalities are the common mechanisms behind insulin receptor resistance. The single-nucleotide found in INSR. Increasing the expression of 4IBM is one strategy to combat its effects on insulin receptor function and increased risk of INSR-mediated illnesses. Based on earlier studies, cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), a traditional plant, has been shown to have potential as a treatment for a number of illnesses, including diabetes mellitus. Using Autodock 4 and the Lamarckian genetic algorithm as a basis, this in-silico study intends to investigate the potential of active compounds found in cinnamon and their role as 4IBM protein inhibitors for therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The binding energy ranged from -7.95 to -6.15 kcal/mol, according to docking data, with the compound epicatechin having the lowest binding energy and an inhibitory constant of 7.80. Further investigation into the active ingredients in cinnamon and their potential use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus can be based on the findings of this study.
Development of Novel RP-HPLC Method for Estimating Tepotinib in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Kumbhar Smita T , Kokare Pratima S , Digge Pradip B
Published: January 2024

Objective: The study’s goal is to develop a highly appropriate, fast, precise, and validated reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) approach that indicates stability for the estimation of tepotinib in pharmaceutical dosage form and bulk, in accordance with ICH recommendations. Method: The components were separated by chromatography using a Phenomenex Kinetex XB-C18 (150×4.6 mm, 5μ) column. The absorbance was measured at 272 nm, and the flow rate was 1.0 mL̸min. The International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) states that checks were made for linearity, precision, accuracy, system appropriateness, specificity, and protocol robustness. Results: Tepotinib was shown to have a retention period of 3.4 minutes. The results showed that the linearity ranged from 5 to 25 μg/mL (r2 = 0.9993), and the percentage mean recoveries for tepotinib’s accuracy and precision fell within the range of (%RSD˂ 2). It was discovered that the Limit of Detection (LoD), and Limit of Quantitation (LoQ) were, respectively, 0.429 and 1.3 μg/mL.
Validated First-Order Derivative Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Determination of Rebamipide in Pharmaceutical Products
Authors: S R Karajgi , S Madabhavi , M Chetan , S S Potadar
Published: January 2024

A very simple, accurate, precise, and reproducible process has been established for the estimation of rebamipide in pharmaceuticals. The literature review suggested that no UV method for quantitative estimation of first-order derivative for the rebamipide, accordingly a method has been developed and reported. As per the need for design a novel approach to analyze the drug utilizing dimethyl formamide as a solvent was identified. Rebamipide has absorbance maxima for first order derivative 314 nm. Rebamipide drug follows Beer’s law in a range of concentration between 20 to 200 μg/mL. The recovery studies verified the proposed method’s accuracy and findings were validated in accordance with ICH recommendations. The findings were deemed to be reliable and satisfactory. As a result, the suggested method can be used to quantitatively estimate Rebamipide in ordinary analysis work
Development and Validation of UPLC-MS/MS Bioanalytical Method for Simultaneous Quantification of the Antiretroviral Drugs Dolutegravir, Lamivudine, and Tenofovir in Human Plasma
Authors: Vyshali Veerareddy , Gandla Kumaraswamy
Published: January 2024

The current proposed validated bio-analytical UPLC-MS/MS method for assessing components like dolutegravir, lamivudine, and tenofovir in human plasma using bictigravir as an internal standard with a mobile phase of formic acid (0.1%), 2 Mm ammonium formate in water and acetonitrile (30:70, v/v), and optimized flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, the separation was performed on an Agilent XDB C18 column (250 mm X 4.6, 5μ). The three components were analyzed by using LC-MS/MS in positive ion mode owing to the presence of primary groups. For the technique validation for the concentration range of 20 to 1000ng/mL for dolutegravir, lamivudine, and tenofovir in human plasma, bitigravir was employed as the internal control. The three-drug moieties average recoveries from spiking plasma samples were discovered to be reproducible. Based on the data displayed above, it was determined that the procedure was rapid and dependable, with a minimum total run duration of 3.0 minutes. The stability studies were assessed as a consequence of the current approach’s successful validation in accordance with the food and drug administration (FDA), european medicines agency (EMA), and international council for harmonisation (ICH) requirements.
Practice on Antibiotic Use: Analysis of Overall Practice Score in Indian Set-up
Authors: Ingale Mayur H , Shinde Vinod , Jharandikar Apurva , Tayade Motilal , Mahajan G D
Published: January 2024

Antibiotic resistance poses a significant global health threat, necessitating a detailed analysis of antibiotic use practices in diverse healthcare environments. This study, situated in the Indian context, scrutinizes the overall practice scores associated with antibiotic utilization. In part VI of our research series, we explore intricate patterns and factors influencing antibiotic prescription, dispensation, and adherence to guidelines within Indian healthcare setups. The findings reveal multifaceted challenges faced by healthcare practitioners, encompassing issues of overprescription, inadequate awareness among patients, and varying adherence to established protocols. By employing a comprehensive approach, this study sheds light on the nuanced intricacies of antibiotic use practices, allowing for a nuanced understanding of the Indian healthcare landscape. The insights garnered in this research can inform targeted interventions, policy formulation, and educational initiatives, aiming to enhance antibiotic stewardship in Indian healthcare settings. As the world grapples with antibiotic resistance, this analysis provides valuable perspectives essential for effective and sustainable strategies in mitigating this pressing global health concern.
An Inquiry into the Role of Muscle Atrophy in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Current Treatment Scenario
Authors: Phutane Prasanna , Mude Gaurav , Shastrakar Pranali
Published: January 2024

Around the world, 0.5 to 1% of adults suffer from rheumatoid arthritis. It is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory illness distinguished by inflammation of hands, knees, wrists, and feet, causing bone and cartilage degradation, joint deformity, and muscle atrophy and thus movement limitations. Inflammatory mediators like necrosis factor and interleukins along with other inflammatory cytokines, execute a vital role in the initiation and advancement of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as muscle atrophy. Existing literature discusses extensively the RA condition. However, the muscle atrophy related to this condition has received little attention, despite the substantial role of muscle atrophy in morbidity caused by RA. The review aims to highlight the relationship between muscle atrophy and RA, the mechanisms of muscle atrophy in RA and the association between oxidative stress and muscle atrophy in RA. This review will be useful for getting insights into the etiopathogenesis of muscle atrophy brought on by rheumatoid arthritis and available treatment alternatives for RA and muscle atrophy caused by RA. Discussion on the potential therapeutic targets and agents to treat skeletal muscle atrophy will help advance the knowledge to improve the condition of muscle atrophy associated with RA.
A Review of Botanical Aspects and Various Pharmacological Actions of Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) Essential Oil
Authors: Shastrakar Pranali , Kotkar Kunal , Gagarani Manish , Agrawal Surendra
Published: January 2024

In this review article, there is a brief about Bergamot essential oil, this article tells about the descriptive information about botanical aspects, significance and characteristics, anatomy, chemistry, its pharmacological activity, and toxicology of Bergamot essential oil. Citrus bergamia Risso, a combination of Citrus limon L and Citrus aurantium is the scientific name for the citrus fruit known as bergamot. It belongs to the family Rutaceae and the genus Citrus. BEO shows different type of pharmacological activity like anti-anxiety, wound healing, neuroprotective, anti-depressant, antiproliferative, antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive, anti-mycoplasmal, anti-fungal andAntiallodynic. BEO contains various volatile and non-volatile fractions.
Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Approved Therapies and Future Prospects
Authors: Kamle Sushrut , Sharma Saurabh , Phutane Prasanna
Published: January 2024

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a complex congenital myoneural disorder, noted for gradual muscle atrophy leading to increasing muscular weakness and significant disability. SMA manifests broad array of clinical severity and its clinical traits can be graded into four primary phenotypes -SMA type I, II, III and IV mainly based on the age of onset of symptoms and highest motor milestones attained. Over the past few years, numerous feasible interventions found on the commonly accepted precept of augmenting the translation of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein have been tried. Gene therapies focusing on SMN include splicing modulation of SMN2 gene (nusinersen) and replacing SMN1 gene (onasemnogene abeparvovec), whereas therapies focusing SMN-independent factors involve treatments improving muscular function, treatment of spinal deformities and neuroprotection. A noted milestone in history of SMA was the approval of Nusinersen in 2016. It was followed by approval in 2019 and in 2020 to onasemnogene abeparvovec and risdiplam respectively. These three approved therapies offered hope to the patients and their families globally. But some of the weaknesses are also associated with these therapies. Deficiency of phase 4 clinical trial data, high price tag, nonavailability of guidelines for the selection of therapies for specific phenotypes and lack of data form clinical trial targeted to compare safety and efficacy of currently approved therapies are some of the issues that licensed therapies for SMA are suffering. In the face such challenges, initiation of intervention at an early age along with the utilization of adjunct therapies seems to be a sound approach to treat SMA patients. The review discusses the classification, clinical description, genetics, diagnostics and treatment of SMA along with SMN independent therapeutic targets that can utilised for the development of new therapies.
An Overview on Nitrogen-containing Heterocyclic Compounds as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Dudhe Anshu R , Gunjal Sachinkumar D , AG Sampath , Rawat Sushama , Nandurkar YY
Published: January 2024

Cancer accounts for nearly 10 million losses each year. Among the most prevalent cancer types are breast, lung, colon, rectum, and prostate cancers. Astonishingly, around one-third of cancer-related deaths can be attributed to factors such as tobacco usage, a high body mass index (BMI), alcohol consumption, restricted ingestion of fruits and vegetables, and inadequate bodily bustle. In the field of pharmaceuticals, heteroatoms and heterocyclic compounds frequently assume crucial roles and serve as common structural components in numerous active natural products. Statistically, the majority of biologically active compounds is either heterocycles themselves or incorporate a heterocyclic element, with nitrogen-containing heterocycles being the most prevalent structural framework in these intricate molecules. These findings underscore the significant and ever-evolving role of heterocycles in contemporary drug blueprints and drug sighting practice. The chief hub of the review was to explore the documented anti-cancer properties of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, as reported in current scientific literature.
Role of the National Control Laboratories in Ensuring the Quality, Safety and Efficacy of Blood Products in India
Authors: Chand Tara , Kumar Manoj , Bhushan Brij , Kumar Anoop , Talwar Apoorva A , Singh Varun , LV Girija , Maheriya Tanya , Rani Shiksha , Singh Manvandra P , Chander Harish , Anvikar Anup , Kumari Meena
Published: January 2024

National control laboratories (NCLs) are responsible for testing of the batches of drugs prior to their release on the market. NCLs play an important role in strengthening a country’s regulatory systems. The National Institute of Biologicals is an NCL in India for the testing and coenzyme A (CoA) release of biologicals such as biotherapeutics, vaccines, and diagnostic medical devices. Every year, the National Institute of Biologicals tests and CoA releases thousands of batches of blood products following compendial specifications and schedule F, part XII-C (G) of Drugs and Cosmetics Rules 1945. This institute also participates in collaborative studies with the WHO for the establishment of international reference standards. In the last thirteen years (2010–2022), the blood products laboratory at this institute has evaluated 5159 batches of blood products, and 95 batches (1.84%) were declared as not of standard quality. As per CDSCO “the ‘not of standard’ quality products are categorized into three categories: A, B and C”. These 95 batches include all three categories (A, B and C) of “not of standard” quality blood products.
Kepercayaan kepada Kepala Sekolah dan Perilaku Silence : Mediasi Komitmen Organisasi (Studi Kasus Di Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Khaliqa)
Authors: Gondo Subandi
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Khaliqa dengan tujuan menguji peran komitmen organisasi dalam memediasi pengaruh kepercayaan terhadap kepala sekolah terhadap perilaku selince. Metode penentuan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sampel jenuh, dimana seluruh populasi menjadi sampel yang berjumlah 52 orang. Analisa data penelitian ini menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan analisis verifikatif, sebagai alat analisis digunakan Structural Equational Model yang diproses dengan Software SmartPLS2. Hasil analisis membuktikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang negatif dan signifikan antara kepercayaan kepada kepala sekolah terhadap silence behaviour, dan terdapat pengaruh yang negatif dan signifikan kepercayaan kepada kepala sekolah terhadap silence behaviour melalui komitmen organisasi.
Revitalisasi Ontologi Ekonomi Syariah
Authors: Shohwatul Islamiah
Published: January 2024

Landasan ekonomi syariah ditegakkan berdasarkan ajaran Islam tentang kehidupan, manusia, dan Allah SWT. Landasan ekonomi syariah lahir bersamaan dengan munculnya Islam dan merupakan bagian integral ajaran Islam itu sendiri. Oleh kerena itu, landasan dasar ekonomi syariah tidak terlepas dari filosofi Islam dengan tujuan untuk mencapai kebahagiaan dan kesejahteraan hakiki di dunia dan akhirat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah studi kepustakaan. Studi kepustakaan merupakan serangkaian kegiatan yang berkenaan dengan metode pengumpulan data pustaka, membaca, mencatat, serta mengolah bahan penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini merupakan kunci dari filsafat ekonomi Islam yang terletak pada hubungan manusia terhadap sang pencipta, alam semesta, dan makhluk Tuhan lainnya, serta berhubungan dengan tujuan hidup manusia di muka bumi ini. Nilai-nilai filosofis yang ada dalam ekonomi Islam merupakan suatu fondasi dari hadirnya prinsip-prinsip ekonomi Islam yang menjadi acuan dalam seluruh aktivitas ekonomi dalam Islam.
Pengaruh Desain Produk dan Promosi Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen Pada UMKM IntanCake’s
Authors: Afdillah Nur Aisyah Sinaga  , Muhammad  Irwan Padli Nasution  , Rahmat Daim Harahap
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh desain produk dan promosi terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen  pada UMKM IntanCake’s. Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 100 orang responden. Pengambilan data dilakukan dalam bentuk kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan software SmartPLS 3. for Windows. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel desain produk (X1) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen pada UMKM IntanCake’s, Dibuktikan nilai t-value sebesar 14.294 > 2.25 dengan nilai p-value sebesar 0.000 < 0.05. Dan memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara variabel promosi (X2) terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen dengan nilai t-value sebesar 4.300 > 2.25 dengan nilai p-value sebesar 0.000 < 0.05. Hasil Koefisien determinasi (R²) diperoleh nilai koefisien sebesar sebesar 85,5 % dan 14,5 % di deskripsikan oleh variabel lain yang tidak terdapat dalam penelitian ini. Keterbatasan penelitian ini yaitu ukuran sampel yang relatif kecil, serta faktor-faktor lainnya yang mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian konsumen.
Analisis Strategi Penyelesaian Pembiayaan Bermasalah pada Produk Murabahah dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam (Studi Kasus Pada Bank Aman Syari’ah di Sekampung)
Authors: Muhammad Ryan Fahlevi  , Thoyibatun Nisa
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi pembiayaan bermasalah pada produk Murabahah di Bank Aman Syariah Sekampung. Jenis penelitian ini penelitian lapangan (field research). Sifat penelitian ini deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan sumber data primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data dari hasil temuan digambarkan secara deskriptif dan dianalisis menggunakan cara berfikir induktif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah pada produk murabahah di Bank Aman Syariah Sekampung dilakukan dengan berbagai tahapan yang cukup panjang. Nasabah yang mengalami pembiayaan bermasalah pihak Bank Aman Syariah Sekampung, akan menemui dan menegur terlebih dahulu serta menanyakan langsung dan menyelesaikannya dengan cara kekeluargaan terlebih dahulu, melakukan penagihan secara intensif, serta pemberian surat peringatan 1 sampai dengan 3, melakukan penjadwalan kembali (resheduling) yaitu memperpanjang waktu jatuh tempo kepada nasabah, selanjutnya persyaratan kembali (reconditing) yaitu merubahah persyaratan pembiayaan tanpa sisa pokok pembayaran, serta penataan kembali (restructuring)  perubahan persyaratan pembiayaan, terakhir adalah penyitaan jaminan  jika nasabah tersebut tidak sanggup lagi membayar kewajibannya kepada pihak Bank.
IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM MERDEKA BELAJAR DI INDONESIA
Authors: Zakso Amrazi
Published: January 2024

Kurikulum merdeka merupakan suatu kurikulum yang baru diluncurkan oleh Kemdikbudristek setelah adanya suatu krisis pembelejaran yang disebabkan oleh adanya virus covid-19 yang dimulai pada tahun 2019. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan memberi gambaran mengenai implementasi kurikulum merdeka di sekolah penggerak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa implementasi kurikulum di sekolah penggerak telah dilaksanakan dengan optimal dan sedang berlangsung, walaupun dalam pelaksanaannya masih banyak kekurangan dan hambatan. Kunci keberhasilan dari adanya penerapan kurikulum di sekolah penggerak adalah dari kepala sekolah dan guru-gurunya harus memiliki kemauan untuk melakukan perubahan. Kepala sekolah selaku pemimpin harus dapat merubah mindset Sumber Daya Manusia yang ada di sekolah tersebut untuk mau melakukan perubahan sehingga kurikulum merdeka dapat diterapkan.
Pengolahan Limbah Cair Tahu Menggunakan Media Lekat Sarang Tawon
Authors: Cahyani Nanda Dwi , Situmorang Mairo , Azhura Tiara , Apriani Isna
Published: January 2024

The high amount of tofu production every day is directly proportional to the waste produced every day and this is one of the environmental problems, considering the large number of tofu industries in Pontianak City, in line with this. Plastic botoh waste is found in every corner of the city, so this is minimized by making wasp nest sticky media for the tofu liquid waste treatment process. Anaerobic-aerobic biofilter using plastic bottles as the attachment media and filters for activated carbon, zeolite, gravel, palm fiber and aquarium foam. This reactor has dimensions of 70 x 20 x 30 cm and consists of 3 parts, namely an anaerobic tank, an aerobic tank and a filter tank. Before processing, plastic bottles are seeded for 7 days by adding EM4 and brown sugar as nutrients so that microorganisms can grow and form biofilms on the plastic bottles. Then acclimatization was carried out for 3 days with a concentration of tofu liquid waste of 50%, 75% and 100% so that microorganisms could adapt to tofu liquid waste. The results of this study indicate that the efficiency of decreasing BOD and COD content is 75.6% and 72.6%, respectively, and there is an increase in the pH value, where before processing the initial pH is 3.71 and after processing it becomes 7.25.Keywords: Anaerobic-aerobic biofilter, tofu liquid waste, BOD, COD, pH and plastic bottles
Skrining dan Uji Efektivitas Reduksi Merkuri Oleh Isolat Bakteri Mangrove
Authors: Sulastri Aini , Jumiati Jumiati , Desmaiani Herda
Published: January 2024

A poor metal waste disposal system increases the concentration of heavy metals in the environment, causing pollution. Reducing the concentration of heavy metal pollution can be done one way by bioremediation using bacteria. Exploratory research on mangrove bacteria shows that bacterial isolates have been successfully isolated and have the ability to grow on media containing mercury. In this research, further tests will be carried out in the form of screening and testing the effectiveness of mercury metal reduction. This research aims to find isolates that have a high ability to grow in environments containing mercury, and the effectiveness of reducing mercury metal by these bacteria. This basic research will be the beginning of the development of effective microorganisms as bioremediation agents. This research consisted of two stages, namely screening the best bacterial isolates and testing the effectiveness of mercury metal reduction. The research results showed that isolates B27, S04 and S23 were the best isolates in being able to remove mercury concentrations of up to 99.99%. This research is ongoing research which has the output as a first step in obtaining Effective Microorganisms which can later become products and can be applied as a method to improve environmental quality.
Analisis Teknologi Bersih Dan Minimasi Limbah Pada Industri Kerupuk Basah Rumahan Kota Pontianak
Authors: Salsabila Siti Zahra Widi , Pratama Surya , Apriani Isna
Published: January 2024

Seiring permintaan kerupuk basah di Kalimantan Barat yang semakin meningkat maka limbah yang berasal dari industri Kerupuk basah juga akan semakin meningkat. Limbah tersebut berupa limbah cair seperti air bekas pencucian dan limbah padat seperti kepala ikan dan tulang ikan setelah dilakukan pemisahan dengan daging ikan yang digunakan. Strategi yang lebih proaktif berdasarkan prinsip pengurangan limbah dan efisiensi diperlukan untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Hal ini disebut sebagai minimalisasi limbah untuk produksi bersih. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan observasi langsung dan wawancara dengan pemilik industri kerupuk basah.Proses produksi kerupuk basah yang terdiri dari 7 tahap yaitu proses pembersihan ikan, proses fillet ikan, proses pemotongan ikan, proses pengadonan, proses perebusan, proses pengemasan, dan proses penyimpanan.. Proses produksi saus kacang yang terdiri dari 6 tahap yaitu proses pengupasan bahan (bawang putih), proses pencucian bahan, proses perebusan bahan (cabai kering), proses penggorengan bahan (kacang) , proses penggilingan, dan proses pemasakan Alternatif yang dapat ditawarkan antara lain Penambahan SOP, Good House Keeping (GHK), Perpanjangan Masa Pakai Air, Reuse dan Reduce Air Perebusan, Pemanfaatan kulit bawang putih, Pemanfaatan limbah minyak goring serta Merubah Limbah Padat Menjadi Kompos.
Perencanaan Sistem Plambing Air Hujan di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri (SMPN) 8 Kota Pontianak
Authors: Almutahar Syarifah Farah Oktavianda Armelia , Purnaini Rizki , Kadaria Ulli
Published: January 2024

Sekolah merupakan salah satu fasilitas pendidikan yang dibangun untuk kegiatan belajar mengajar yang dilakukan oleh murid dan guru agar dapat meningkatkan taraf hidup. Kegiatan belajar mengajar yang berjalan selama 8 jam sehari, tentunya membutuhkan air bersih untuk keperluan sanitasi Kota Pontianak memiliki curah hujan sebesar 3286 mm/tahun dengan tingginya curah hujan tersebut maka air hujan tersebut dapat dipakai untuk sumber air bersih. Tujuan dari perencanaan ini ialah untuk merencanakan sistem plambing dengan air hujan sebagai sumber air bersihnya. Metode perencanaan sistem plambing dengan menggunakan metode perkiraan kebutuhan air bersih berdasarkan Unit Beban Alat Plambing (UBAP). Hasil perencanaan yang didapatkan Ukuran dimensi pipa air bersih sebesar 3/4-2 inchi dan pipa yang akan digunakan ialah pipa PVC.
Kandungan Merkuri Pada Ikan Air Tawar Dan Resiko Bagi Kesehatan Masyarakat Di Kota Palangka Raya Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Elvince Rosana , Evnaweri Evnaweri
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini dilaksakan pada bulan Oktober 2023 di Pasar Besar Kota Palangka Raya, Kalimantan Tengah dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan merkuri dalam daging ikan patin, nila dan baung dan mengetahui resiko kesehatan akibat mengkonsumsi ikan yang terkontaminasi oleh merkuri. Sampel ikan masing-masing berjumlah 6 (enam) ekor yang dibeli dari penjual ikan dipasar yang berbeda. Analisis kandungan merkuri dalam daging ikan dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Penerapan Mutu Hasil Perikanan, Banjarbaru-Kalimantan Selatan dengan mengirimkan sampel ikan secara utuh dan seluruh proses persiapan hingga annalisis dilakukan oleh laboratorium tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, kandungan merkuri dalam ikan patin dan nila dibawah LOD yaitu kurang dari 0,0225 mg/kg, sedangkan kandungan merkuri dalam daging ikan baung (untuk lima sampel) rata-rata adalah 0,216 mg/kg. Dengan menggunakan nilai kandungan merkuri yang terdapat dalam daging ikan baung, maka jumlah asupan merkuri yang masuk ke dalam tubuh adalah sebesar 0,0021 mg/kg/hari. Berdasarkan jumlah asupan merkuri yang masuk dalam tubuh tersebut, Hazard Index (HI) dapat dihitung. HI > 1 yaitu 20,73, yang berarti bahwa konsumsi ikan baung yang mengandung merkuri tersebut dapat berdampak terhadap kesehatan.