bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Impact of Storm Drains at Road Embankments on Diffuse Particulate Phosphorus Emissions in Agricultural Catchments
Authors: Hepp Gerold , Zessner Matthias
Published: October 2019

This study presents a simple mapping key suitable for quick and systematic assessments of the types of agricultural and civil engineering structures present in a certain agricultural catchment as well as the impact they may have on the spatial distribution of critical source areas. An application of this mapping key to three small sub-catchments of a case study catchment with an area of several hundred square kilometres (one-stage cluster sampling) in Austria clearly reveals that road embankments with subsurface drainage can exert a major influence on emissions and transport pathways of sediment-bound pollutants like particulate phosphorus (PP). Due to this, the semi-empirical, spatially distributed PhosFate model is extended to separately model PP emissions into surface waters via storm drains along road embankments. Furthermore, the overall share of road embankments with subsurface drainage on all road embankments in the case study catchment is inferred with the help of a Bayesian hierarchical model. The combination of the results of these two models shows that the share of storm drains at road embankments on total PP emissions ranges from about one fifth to one third in the investigated area.
Hydrochemistry and Its Controlling Factors of Rivers in the Source Region of the Nujiang River on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Fuqiang , Zhao Yang , Chen Xi , Zhao Heng
Published: October 2019

The chemical composition of river water collected from the main stream of the Naqu and its tributaries was analyzed to reveal its hydrochemical characteristics and to evaluate the water quality for irrigation purposes. Based on 39 samples, the results revealed mildly alkaline pH values and total dissolved solids (TDS) values ranging from 115 to 676 mg/L, averaging 271 mg/L. Major ion concentrations based on mean values (mg/L) were in the order of Ca 2 + > Na + > Mg 2 + > K + for cations and HCO 3 − > SO 4 2 − > Cl − > CO 3 2 − for anions. Most hydrochemical types were of the Ca–HCO3 (~74.36%) type. Cluster analysis (CA) suggested that the hydrochemical characteristics upstream of the main stream of the Naqu were obviously different from those from the middle and downstream of the main stream and its tributaries. The analysis shows that the Sangqu, Basuoqu, Mumuqu, Zongqingqu, Mugequ basin tributary, and the Gongqu basin tributary were mainly affected by carbonate weathering. Carbonate and silicate weathering commonly controlled the hydrochemistry upstream and downstream of the main Naqu, Chengqu, and Mugequ streams. The middle of the main stream of the Naqu was mainly affected by silicate weathering, and anhydrite/gypsum dissolution mainly affected the hydrochemistry of the main Gongqu stream. The quality of water samples was suitable for irrigation purposes, except for one sample from the main stream of the Mugequ.
The Effect of Reducing Electric Car Purchase Incentives in the European Union
Authors: Gómez Vilchez Jonatan J. , Thiel Christian
Published: October 2019

The importance of electric car purchase incentives is starting to be questioned. The objective of this paper is to explore the potential effect of reducing or removing electric car purchase public subsidies in the European Union. To this end, the system dynamics Powertrain Technology Transition Market Agent Model is used. The size and timing of purchase incentives for this technology in European countries are investigated under eight scenarios and sensitivity analysis performed. The simulations suggest that, in the short-run, the electric car market share is higher when the subsidies remain in place. In the medium-run, a purchase subsidy scheme granting €3000 for plug-in hybrid electric cars and €4000 for battery electric cars over the period 2020–2024 yields the fastest electric car market uptake of all the scenarios considered. We conclude that, though the current evolution of the battery price is favorable, electric car purchase subsidies remain an effective policy measure to support electro-mobility in the next years.
Étude expérimentale de la précipitation des carbonates de calcium en présence de l'ion magnésium
Authors: Cailleau Patrick , Dragone Daniel , Girou André , Humbert Louis , Jacquin Christian , Roques Henri
Published: October 2019

The precipitation of calcium carbonate is studied as a function of the change of partial pressure of CO₂. The experimental results of the kinetics of CaCO₃ precipitation are reported. The influence of the magnesium ion in a solution initially containing 360 mg l⁻¹ of Ca²⁺ and containing increasing amounts of MgCl₂ • 6H₂O (from 0 to 1 080 mg l⁻¹ Mg²⁺) is reported on :

— the nucleation time,

— the initial growth rate,

— the allotropie variety and the shape of the crystals.

The magnesium ion moves the equilibrium system to the right and the aragonite form is precipitated. As for the crystals of calcite which remain, dosages by atomic absorption and X-rays show a calcite containing more and more magnesium as the concentration of Mg²⁺ in the solution increases.
Quelques réflexions sur la cristallinité et la stabilité des carbonates dans le milieu naturel
Authors: Kübler Bernard
Published: October 2019

Le broyage, indispensable pour des analyses diffractométriques par rayons X, altère la cristallinité originelle des calcites naturelles, mesurée par la largeur à mi-hauteur ou largeur B de Scherrer. Même avec une fonction de Laplace, qui restitue plus fidèlement que des fonctions de Cauchy ou de Gauss la distribution de l'énergie autour du maximum de la raie (10.4) de la calcite, et même avec une correction empirique liant largeur, hauteur de la raie mode et durée de broyage, il n'est pas possible de retrouver la cristallinité originelle. Celle-ci ne peut être mesurée que sur des échantillons naturels à grain fin : des micrites.

De micrites d'eau douce pénécontemporaines à des micrites métamorphiques, la cristallinité de la calcite varie très peu (0,22 à 0,19° 2 θ CuKα) indiquant par là que les cristaux atteignent d'emblée leur cristallinité maximale dès leur précipitation. Il n'est donc pas possible d'utiliser les micrites pour une zonéographie de la diagenèse ou du métamorphisme.

La dissolution des carbonates dans le milieu naturel, ne passe pas par des formes transitoires désordonnées et ne peut pas non plus dépendre de la cristallinité. A l'air libre et dans les sols, configuration des écoulements et configuration de la roche règlent les processus de dissolution. Pour les calcaires dolomitiques, la dissolution relative de la calcite et de la dolomite dépend en plus du pH. Les processus de dissolution de ces deux carbonates sont des phénomènes de tout ou rien, emportant par tranche les cristallites et leurs pores.
Constantes optiques de la clausthalite PbSe dans le visible
Authors: Vierne Raymond , Brunel René
Published: October 2019

Cervelle (1976) obtient pour la clausthalite des courbes de constantes optiques n et χ qui présentent des anomalies de dispersion alors que les courbes de réflectance dans l'air et dans l'huile sont monotones. Il est établi mathématiquement qu'à partir de telles courbes de réflectance on ne peut obtenir des anomalies de dispersion pour les indices n et χ.
Études expérimentales d'altération en système ouvert de matériaux géologiques naturels. Approche expérimentale des mécanismes d'altération. Comportement géochimique des éléments majeurs et en traces
Authors: Decarreau Alain
Published: October 2019

Deux verres volcaniques et un pyroxène sont altérés dans un appareil de type soxhlet. En mesurant les cinétiques d'évacuation en solution de certains cations (Si, Na, K, Ca, Mg), on montre qu'un régime stationnaire de dissolution chimique s'établit instantanément, pour une évacuation congruente ou non congruente des cations. Ces résultats ne sont pas compatibles avec l'hypothèse d'une cinétique gouvernée par des mécanismes de diffusion à travers une pellicule d'altération. Les mesures de cinétiques jointes aux analyses chimiques des lessivats d'altération permettent d'établir que l'ordre d'évacuation des cations majeurs reste le même dans les trois expériences. On remonte ensuite, par le calcul, à la composition chimique des phases néoformées autour des grains altérés, qui apparaît variable d'une expérience à l'autre. Ces phases néoformées jouent un rôle de piège géochimique différentiel pour les éléments en traces de la première série de transition (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn), en particulier pour Ni et Mn qui suivent respectivement Mg et Ca. Les comportements des éléments majeurs et en traces observés expérimentalement sont très voisins de ceux que l'on rencontre dans les phénomènes d'altération naturelle.
PENERAPAN SISTEM AKUNTANSI PENERIMAAN KAS DARI PENJUALAN TUNAI (STUDI KASUS PADA CV RESTU IBU BANJARMASIN)
Authors: Fitriyani Yuli
Published: October 2019

Kas memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam kegiatan operasional disegala bidang usaha baik itu usaha kecil, menengah maupun besar. Hampirsetiap hari kas selalu digunakan dalam berbagai transaksi penjualan maupunpengeluaran biaya. Oleh karena itu, didalam transaksi penjualan perlu adanyaprosedur dan pencatatan yang baik guna mengetahui berapa besarpenerimaan kas yang diperoleh dari hasil penjualan barang tersebut.Kerangka pemikiran penelitian ini meliputi: sistem akuntansi, sistempengendalian intern terhadap sistem penerimaan kas. Sistem pengendalianintern mempunyai tujuan menjaga kekayaan organisasi, untuk itu harus adapemisahan fungsi-fungsi agar tidak terjadi penyelewengan terhadap kasperusahaan.Harus ada sistem otorisasi dan prosedur pencatatan agarpemakaiannya dapat dipertanggungjawabkan oleh pihak yang berwenang.Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa di dalam penanganan transaksisistem akuntansi penerimaan kas dari penjualan tunai sebaiknya dilakukanpemisahan fungsi antara fungsi penjualan, fungsi kasir dengan fungsiakuntansi dengan menambah karyawan agar perusahaan tersebut dapatbejalan dengan baik begitu juga dalam rangka melindungi atau menjaga uangkas yang dimiliki CV Restu Ibu Banjarmasin, maka sebaiknya uang kas yangditerima segera disetorkan ke bank secara periodik.Kata kunci: kas, sistem akuntansi, sistem penerimaan kas, sistem pengendalian intern
El reto de la gestión de calidad en las IES públicas del Ecuador Caso: Universidad de Cuenca
Authors: Alcívar Arízaga Cristina Paola , Erazo Álvarez Juan Carlos , Narváez Zurita Cecilia Ivonne
Published: October 2019

Recibido: 10 de agosto de 2019Aprobado: 30 de agosto de 2019En la actualidad, aproximadamente el 35% de alumnos de tercer nivel de la provincia del Azuay, se encuentran estudiando en la Universidad de Cuenca,  porcentaje que está en crecimiento, este constante incremento de estudiantes requiere que los procesos referentes a la gestión económica y actividades de índole administrativo, como ejes fundamentales para el apoyo al desarrollo de la academia, se tengan que adaptar a las necesidades de los usuarios de manera paulatina, por esta razón  la presente investigación se enfocó en proponer un modelo de gestión de calidad para la satisfacción de los usuarios de la de la Universidad de Cuenca, utilizando como metodología la investigación no experimental ya que se muestra un diagnóstico de la institución, mediante el uso de una técnica de recolección de datos conocida como modelos serqual, el cual consistió en la elaboración de cuestionarios de expectativas vs percepciones de los usuarios.
El coaching y la productividad laboral en la Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito de la Pequeña Empresa Biblián Ltda
Authors: Urgilés Urgilés Segundo Leonidas , Erazo Álvarez Juan Carlos , Narváez Zurita Cecilia Ivonne
Published: October 2019

Recibido: 12 de agosto de 2019Aprobado: 29 de agosto de 2019Hoy en día el término Coaching se escucha en publicidades de cursos, libros, revistas, artículos académicos, cuyo objetivo que es reforzar las habilidades del ser humano de forma medible, mediante el cumplimiento de las metas de la empresa. La unidad de análisis de la presente investigación es la Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito de la Pequeña Empresa Biblián Ltda, que pertenece al sector de la economía popular y solidaria, misma que ha tenido un importante desarrollo, debido a su crecimiento vertiginoso por lo que el manejo del talento humano se vuelve indispensable, en vista de ello se trata de evitar la disminución de la productividad en las diferentes áreas de cajas, balcón de servicios, crédito y jefaturas, por lo que se plantea realizar un modelo de coaching para mejorar la productividad. La investigación fue de tipo no experimental, en la que se admitió una investigación de corte transversal. Los resultados más importantes podemos mencionar la baja de la productividad laboral del personal que labora en la cooperativa.
Procedimientos tributarios para el manejo y control del impuesto al valor agregado (IVA) en la industria farmacéutica
Authors: Cabrera Ramón Gabriela Estefanía , Narváez Zurita Cecilia Ivonne , Erazo Álvarez Juan Carlos
Published: October 2019

Recibido: 1 de septiembre de 2019Aprobado: 30 de septiembre de 2019El presente artículo tiene como objetivo explorar las necesidades específicas de estandarización en la gestión tributaria para diseñar y diagramar lineamientos que procuren la gestión tributaria en esta empresa. El tipo de investigación fue descriptiva dado que se expusieron características propias de los procedimientos tributarios para el tratamiento del IVA en una empresa pública. Como unidad de analisis se consideró a la Empresa FARMASOL EP., y como universo de estudio a cuatro actores clave de la empresa: Gerente, Subgerente Administrativo Financiero, Contador y Tesorero. se concluye que los tributos juegan un papel vital para las economías de las personas, las organizaciones y los países. De estos, el pago y administración tributaria del IVA puede impactar positiva o negativamente a la liquidez y utilidades de las empresas. Esto dependiendo de si la gestión tributaria se realiza mediante lineamientos o procedimientos tributarios acordes a la ley.
La contabilidad de gestión estratégica como herramienta multidisciplinar de planificación y control en la exportadora bananera Novamerc S.A.
Authors: Lindao Bravo Denisse Soraya , Narváez Zurita Cecilia Ivonne , Erazo Álvarez Juan Carlos
Published: October 2019

Recibido: 1 de septiembre de 2019Aprobado: 30 de septiembre de 2019La situación económica actual del sector bananero exige buscar estrategias para obtener rentabilidad. Antiguamente, el margen de utilidad era determinado mediante el precio del producto menos costos y gastos; actualmente, se toma el margen de utilidad deseado con relación al precio del bien, es decir que depende de la gestión del administrador controlar los costos y gastos.  La contabilidad de gestión estratégica va más allá de la contabilidad tradicional, raciona y proporciona información importante para la toma de decisiones. En este contexto, el presente artículo tiene por objetivo diseñar un sistema de contabilidad de gestión estratégica para la optimización de costos y gastos en la exportadora bananera Novamerc S.A. El sistema incluye herramientas de planificación y control, con miras a una gestión eficaz y eficiente de los recursos, como son el presupuesto, el modelo costeo objetivo, punto de equilibrio, entre otros.
Estrategias de Planeación Tributaria en el Sector Automotriz del Ecuador
Authors: Marín Tapia Edwyn Williams , Narváez Zurita Cecilia Ivonne , Erazo Álvarez Juan Carlos , Machuca Contreras Maribel del Carmen
Published: October 2019

Recibido: 1 de septiembre de 2019Aprobado: 30 de septiembre de 2019 La presente investigación tiene como Unidad de análisis a la empresa F1 Autos Cía. Ltda., perteneciente al sector automotriz, dedicado a la intermediación de vehículos usados. El estudio se efectuó con la finalidad de formular estrategias tributarias basadas en hechos prácticos y reales que se desprenden de las operaciones empresariales; mediante una investigación multimetódica; no experimental; con enfoque de corte transversal y descriptivo; así mismo, mediante el uso la entrevista, encuesta y la revisión documental, se recabó información fiscal,  se analizó los estados financieros y declaraciones tributarias; con esto se obtuvo los hallazgos que fueron contrastados con la normativa tributaria y leyes especiales, a fin de poder determinar el cumplimiento del contribuyente, con énfasis en las deducciones, exenciones, ingresos y gastos, concluyendo que el contribuyente puede planificar sus obligaciones tributarias, beneficiándose de manera legal, disminuyendo la carga impositiva, controlando los riesgos fiscales, sociales, laborales y penales.
La gestión contable de las empresas comerciales en el marco de las NIIF para PY-MES
Authors: Quizhpi Barbecho Rosario del Cisne , Narváez Zurita Cecilia Ivonne , Erazo Álvarez Juan Carlos
Published: October 2019

Recibido: 1 de septiembre de 2019Aprobado: 30 de septiembre de 2019La gestión contable en el Ecuador exige a más del dominio del marco teórico contable (NIIF) la identificación y evaluación de transacciones que necesitan de un tratamiento contable y tributario diferencial, para ello, se requiere de una conexión formal de la información contable preparada bajo criterios NIIF, con la normativa tributaria vigente. En este contexto, el presente artículo tiene por objetivo diseñar un modelo de gestión contable para el Comercial Sánchez, empresa comercial minorista de alimentos de primera necesidad y de servicios complementarios, localizada en la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador. El modelo se basa en cinco pilares fundamentales para lograr una gestión eficaz que soporte la toma de decisiones estratégicas y el logro de los objetivos empresariales. Los pilares del modelo son: el gobierno corporativo, el control de gestión, el proceso contable, el sistema de información y el marco legal aplicable.
Tratamiento del impuesto diferido a partir de la valuación de activos biológicos bajo NIIF en la industria camaronera del Ecuador
Authors: Ruiz Armijos Adrián José , Narváez Zurita Cecilia Ivonne , Erazo Álvarez Juan Carlos
Published: October 2019

Recibido: 1 de septiembre de 2019Aprobado: 30 de septiembre de 2019Actualmente la presentación de la información en los estados financieros del sector camaronero, no tiene definida una estructura concreta que permita estandarizar los procedimientos para la correcta aplicación de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera – NIIF.  En este contexto, el presente artículo tiene por objetivo valuar los activos biológicos bajo NIIF y establecer el tratamiento del impuesto diferido de la Cooperativa de Producción Agropecuaria del Sur para lograr una medición exacta de la producción de camarón.El artículo caracteriza el proceso de producción actual y las limitaciones de reconocimiento y valorización de la producción, enfatizando finalmente en la medición del activo biológico a valor razonable.
TEACHING LEADERSHIP PRACTICES OF EDUCATORS IN RELATION TO STUDENTS LEADERSHIP SKILLS
Authors: Chunan Gobindaran Aru , Mohd Nor Mohammad Yusof
Published: October 2019

Leadership in education is often associated with the role of the school. The increase in student leadership involves the students’ opportunity to practice a variety of leadership skills in their learning environment. Leadership is behavior that involves the interaction of two parties which is in the context of the discussion here involved the students and teachers. This is based on the perspective that a leader is a person who can communicate well, engage in critical thinking, lead the group in problem-solving and planning, and organize the aims and objectives of the group. The focus of this study involved leadership in the context of school education among teachers and students. The main purpose of this study was to identify the elements of leadership practices applied in teaching in schools, identify the level of student leadership and determine the relationship between the element of leadership in teaching and the level of student leadership. The main interest in the current study was on the concept of leadership in classrooms where teachers implemented leadership as a part of the pedagogy. This study is a quantitative research using questionnaires in obtaining the data. This study is a correlation study in which two variables are used to investigate the relationship involved. The analysis showed that the level of elements of leadership practices applied the teaching in schools from the perspective of teachers exists in the four main elements, namely commitment, professional career, empowerment (physical) and pedagogical management efficiency. Test-T for four hypotheses shows a significant relationship between teachers’ leadership elements to the elements of leadership in the school. This is because the null hypothesis is rejected on the basis of the value of p <0.001. This study has implications for the practice of teachers in the school and in the classroom. Analysis and discussions have identified some common characteristics of teachers who contributed to their success in communicating with the students so that leadership can be applied.
THE IMPACT OF PERCEIVED VALUE, DESTINATION SERVICE QUALITY, AND TOURIST SATISFACTION ON DESTINATION LOYALTY AMONG INTERNATIONAL TOURISTS VISITING MALAYSIA
Authors: Mohamad Mahadzirah , Ab Ghani Nur Izzati , Muhamad Nasir Muhamad Nasyat
Published: October 2019

The competitive situation and challenges within the tourism industry worldwide entailed a better understanding of destination loyalty’s determinants in achieving Malaysia’s aspiration to retain its international reputation as one of the most desirable tourist destinations in Asia. Literature proved that factors such as perceived value, service quality and tourist satisfaction could influence in improving destination loyalty. In view of this, there is a need to examine the influence of several constructs namely perceived value, service quality and tourist satisfaction that can contribute to the loyalty of international tourists towards Malaysia as it was suggested in the literature review. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were to examine the influence of perceived value and service quality on tourist satisfaction, which in turn would influence destination loyalty. In this study, tourist satisfaction was treated as the mediating variable. The proposed model was tested using structural equation modeling on a sample of 337 foreign tourists selected using a random sampling method. The study was conducted from August 2014 to October 2014. The proposed model achieved acceptable goodness-of-fit. The requirements for reliability and validity were also met. The results of the empirical study indicated that perceived value influenced tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty. In addition, the findings revealed that service quality had a significant effect on satisfaction. However, service quality had no significant effect on destination loyalty. Moreover, the findings indicated that tourist satisfaction had a full mediating effect on the relationship between service quality and destination loyalty. The study contributed to a better understanding of behavioral factors that would represent a sustainable source for increasing customer retention at the level of individual providers as well as a destination as a whole. Individual providers should focus on delivering quality services related to accommodation, information and facilities, health and hygiene, and shopping that were associated with the visitor’s travel experience. Aspects of perceived value identified in the study could be used as a strategic tool in managing tourism offerings which could enhance the destination’s competitive edge.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FILM PRODUCTS TO INDUCE TOURISM
Authors: Abd Rahman Noridawati , Dawam Zairul Anwar , Chan Jennifer Kim Lian
Published: October 2019

Film products to induce tourism is a new phenomenon for tourists to visit a destination that inspired by films and television. For example; film The Beach (Thailand), Tomb Raider (Cambodia), Entrapment (Malaysia), Lord of The Rings trilogy (New Zealand), Harry Potter trilogy (UK) and others. Many of this destination has turned into a popular tourist attraction. However, film products to induce tourism can also be unpredictable. The success of any film or television is not guaranteed, and the effects on inducing visits can be complex. Thus, this paper will analyze six of the characteristics of film products namely on location, off location, storyline, celebrity, film genres and film festivals. By understanding these characteristics of film products, this paper can help to increase a better understanding of the context of film products to induce tourism. Indeed, this paper also opens an opportunity for future researchers to study film products as a new strategy to induce the tourism industry where it can increase the number of tourists visiting.
Diagnóstico sobre las prácticas de sostenibilidad en las MiPyMEs de Nuevo León
Authors: Vázquez Maguirre Mario , García de la Torre Consuelo
Published: October 2019

Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un diagnóstico de las prácticas de sostenibilidad de la micro, pequeña y mediana empresa (MiPyME) en el estado mexicano de Nuevo León, utilizando la metodología del modelo pentadimensional de sostenibilidad. Este modelo, construido a partir del contexto que rodea a la MiPyME en México, se compone de las dimensiones de gestión global, competitividad, relaciones, impactos, y transparencia y comunicación. Los resultados, derivados de un cuestionario aplicado a 221 empresas, indican que algunas de estas tienen ya claro qué medidas tomar para incluir estrategias de sostenibilidad en la mayoría de las áreas del negocio, sin llegar aún a una gestión integral global. De igual forma, hay empresas que manifiestan tomar medidas incipientes y actitudes positivas en materia de sostenibilidad, pero carecen de conocimiento y del interés suficiente para concretar un modelo de gestión sostenible en el largo plazo.
La visibilidad del producto a través de un empaque con un elemento de diseño transparente vs. la imagen del producto
Authors: Morton Flor
Published: October 2019

En los últimos años, el marketing sensorial ha generado gran interés y las empresas comienzan a incorporar elementos de este tipo en la mezcla1 de mercadotecnia. Es sabido que el empaque desempeña un rol muy importante en las percepciones sobre el producto y en la decisión de compra del consumidor.Existen investigaciones sobre la incorporación de un elemento de diseño transparente en el empaque para la visualización del producto, sin embargo, no se han estudiado las diferencias en la atención, interés, evaluaciones del producto (por ej., calidad y sabor percibido), e intenciones de compra de un producto presentado en un empaque con un elemento de diseño transparente contra el mismo producto presentado en un empaque con imágenes del producto. El presente estudio combina herramientas tradicionales de investigación y el electroencefalograma (EEG) como herramienta de neuromarketing para evaluar los dos tipos de diseño.
Transformación digital de los negocios de network marketing, multinivel y ventas directas. El impacto de nuevas herramientas y plataformas digitales
Authors: Cacho-Elizondo Silvia , Lázaro Álvarez José Domingo
Published: October 2019

Este artículo explora el impacto de la introducción de nuevas herramientas digitales como redes sociales, mensajería instantánea, plataformas de videos, webinars, dashboards o asistentes inteligentes en la industria del network marketing, multinivel y ventas directas, estudiando los efectos de su implementación en la configuración y ejecución de estrategias de capacitación, planes integrales de comunicación, planeación y medición en tiempo real, comercio digital y móvil y posicionamiento mercadológico aspiracional, que constituyen las principales actividades para el éxito de su modelo de negocio.Se propone un marco conceptual desde el cual se analizarán la viabilidad, el alcance y las repercusiones de la utilización de estas tecnologías, valorando su potencial para fortalecer y armonizar las relaciones multilaterales entre corporativos y distribuidores.Esta investigación desea estimular la reflexión sobre la profunda transformación tecnológica que está experimentando esta industria, evaluando sus implicaciones y justificando la conveniencia de un plan estratégico de migración digital.
La falacia de la hipótesis de Joseph Schumpeter
Authors: Landa Lizarralde Luis Felipe
Published: October 2019

La existencia de una relación positiva entre los gastos en investigación, innovación y desarrollo (I&D) y el grado de concentración del mercado y entre los gastos en I&D y el tamaño de la empresa se encuentran en el epicentro de la tradición del pensamiento de Joseph Schumpeter (1942). A pesar de que el autor fue impreciso respecto a si los monopolios per se o simplemente a si las empresas de mayor tamaño son más propicias que las pequeñas que operan en mercados competitivos a realizar mayores inversiones en I&D, las dos proposiciones, de manera separada, se conocen como las hipótesis de Schumpeter. El economista argumentaba que los monopolios son el semillero natural para la I&D y que si se desea inducir a las empresas a innovar, es necesario aceptar la existencia de mercados imperfectos como un daño colateral. No obstante que Schumpeter no presentó evidencia empírica para respaldar sus argumentos, el interés generó una enorme cantidad de literatura sobre el tema. Al día de hoy, 75 años después de la presentación de su tesis original, los resultados apuntan en ambas direcciones.

Esta nota presenta evidencia adicional sobre la validez empírica de la existencia de una relación positiva entre los gastos en I&D y el tamaño de la empresa en una muestra de ocho países de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo (OCDE), además de China/Taipei y Rumania. Para esto, se calcula un coeficiente de corr elación de Spearman y una regresión lineal entre el tamaño de la empresa y el gasto en I&D utilizando las estadísticas 42 The Anáhuac Journal: Business and Economics, Vol. 18, núm. 2, 2018 de tecnología, patentes e investigación de la OCDE, los cuales, a nuestro entender, no han sido utilizadas para este propósito específico. Los resultados obtenidos indican lo opuesto a la tesis de Schumpeter.

Entre mayor es el tamaño de la empresa, menor es el gasto en I&D. Esto podría explicarse por la presencia de un número cada vez mayor de nuevas empresas en el ramo de la tecnología (start-ups), cuya actividad es intensiva en I&D.
Three Models of Derivatives’ Regulation. Some Thoughts on the Entanglement between Economic Theory and the Evolution of Law
Authors: Golecki Mariusz J.
Published: October 2019

The paper aims at analysing whether the evolution of options, futures and other derivatives is an effect of a wider impact of the evolution of financial market and economic theories upon legal system. This constitutes, however, a part of a wider topic, namely the legal approach to risk, uncertainty and speculation. Thus it is crucial to examine whether recent regulation of financial markets and exempting such transactions as options, futures or swaps, performed by set-off from the existing anti-speculative regulation (or abolishing of the majority of anti-speculative rules) may have a wider impact on the notion of risk in law and theory of regulation.
Para além do economicismo: a acumulação de capital na perspectiva de Rosa Luxemburgo
Authors: Mariutti Eduardo Barros
Published: October 2019

O objetivo básico deste artigo é destacar, de forma sintética, os elementos do pensamento de Rosa Luxemburgo que podem servir de base para a superação das análises excessivamente formais e economicistas sobre o capitalismo. O primeiro passo neste sentido envolve destacar um aspecto geralmente negligenciado em seu pensamento: a dupla dimensão da expansão do capital. A faceta mais usual, fartamente explorada, diz respeito às incursões geográficas do capital. No entanto, a segunda dimensão é muito mais disruptiva: o capital, por conta de sua própria dinâmica, é forçado a colonizar e a ajustar à sua lógica todas as dimensões da vida social. A vitalidade do pensamento de Rosa Luxemburgo fundamenta-se, em grande parte, no fato de ter notado essa dimensão do problema.
Ditadura, transição e democracia na Constituição de 1988
Authors: Silva Michel Goulart da
Published: October 2019

This essay discusses the process of transition from dictatorship to a new regime and how social and political disputes materialized in the persistence of authoritarian elements in the new Constitution. It is tried to discuss different aspects that show the limits of the political regime constituted after the end of the dictatorship and how they are related the current institutional instability experienced in Brazil.
Recebido: 17/04/2019Aceito: 06/06/2019
Aron e Clausewitz: uma leitura epistemológica
Authors: De Freitas Cecílio Matheus
Published: October 2019

The works of prussian general Carl von Clausewitz and of french sociologist Raymond Aron hold great importance in the greater circle of international relations theory. Clausewitzian considerations on war and aronian contributions on realist thought are themes that revel in importance. However, the relationship between them is complex. The objective of this paper is to analyse this relationship. It is held as hypothesis the idea that the first aronian interpretations on Clausewitz were, partly, vulgarized.
A influência de Gramsci em Arrighi para o entendimento da hegemonia internacional
Authors: Todescato Dorival Bruno Leal
Published: October 2019

The present article aims to expose the influence of Antônio Gramsci on Giovanni Arrighi 's thinking about the concept of international hegemony. The motivation in studying Arrighi resides in the theoretical peculiarity of the author, who is not necessarily a Marxist, but part of the historical premise when analyzing capitalism at the international level. Therefore our work was divided into three parts: a) we tried to show what Gramsci understood by hegemony, that is, his conception of hegemony still on national bases; b) illustrate how Gramsci worked on ideas that help to understand hegemony in international relations; c) to show how Arrighi adopted the concept of hegemony worked by Gramsci in his own interpretation of international relations in historical capitalism.
Recebido: 29/01/2019Aceito: 13/05/2019
Homenagem à Bertha K. Becker do Professor Roberto Bartholo da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Bartholo Roberto
Published: October 2019

Uma curta história de ensinamento da mística judaica de raiz hassídica, atribuída aocírculo do rabi Yaakov Yitzahk de Pijzha
As Salas de Cinema no Subúrbio Carioca do Século XX
Authors: Sousa Raquel Gomes de
Published: October 2019

Este artigo entende as salas de exibição, ou seja, os cinemas como formas espaciais capazes de criar e recriar os espaços, gerando, em conjunto com outras formas e processos, diferentes arranjos espaciais. Diante disso objetiva-se analisar os cinemas e sua dinâmica espacial no subúrbio carioca durante o século XX segundo três períodos principais 1905 -- 1934, 1935 -- 1984 e 1985 -- 1994.
Análise de uma Cidade Policêntrica: o Caso de Resende-RJ, no Médio Vale do Paraíba
Authors: Bastos Monique Deise Guimarães
Published: October 2019

A reestruturação produtiva, vinculada ao período pós-fordista dos anos 1970, redefiniu a organização espaço-temporal do trabalho e fez repercutir em algumas cidades os rebatimentos espaciais de sua dinâmica. Esse é o caso de Resende, localizada no Médio Vale do Paraíba/RJ, que teve boa parte de sua organização interna alterada em consequência da entrada e fixação na cidade de diversas indústrias, algumas delas multinacionais, que redefiniram sua dinâmica econômica. Assim, sob a perspectiva do processo espacial de descentralização e emergência do primeiro subcentro de comércio e serviços da cidade, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar um dos efeitos urbanos desse novo papel econômico-produtivo de Resende. Além disso, o artigo se propõe a oferecer possibilidades de diagnóstico e ferramentas metodológicas que ajudem na análise da produção de uma cidade policêntrica.
Complexo Petroquímico do Rio de Janeiro e Crise Político-Econômica no Brasil: o Município de Itaboraí pós-2014 / The Petrochemical Complex of Rio de Janeiro and Political-Economic Crisis in Brazil: Itaboraí Municipality after 2014
Authors: Guerra Wander De Souza Dias
Published: October 2019

O Complexo Petroquímico do Rio de Janeiro foi o bastião do modelo novo-desenvolvimentista brasileiro. O município escolhido para localização do megaempreendimento foi Itaboraí, localizado na Região Metropolitana do estado do Rio de Janeiro. A escolha da RMRJ e do município evidenciou o processo de guerra dos lugares tanto entre regiões quanto entre municípios e é recheada de polêmicas. Apesar de ter vencido a guerra dos lugares e vivenciado ligeiras melhorias, Itaboraí, após em 2014, com a crise político-econômica brasileira começa a vivenciar a perversidade da guerra dos lugares e os limites do modelo novo-desenvolvimentista. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar brevemente os efeitos da crise político-econômica brasileira no município de Itaboraí, a partir da desaceleração do Comperj e à luz da guerra dos lugares. A partir de uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa, elaborado por meio de entrevistas e visitas técnicas, pôde-se constatar a condição do município no contexto de crise econômica.
Migrações e Direitos Humanos no Mercosul: Breve Análise / Migrations and Human Rights in the Mercosur: A Brief Analysis
Authors: Barreto Michelle Camille , Simões Mauro Cardoso , Serafim Milena Pavan
Published: October 2019

As migrações são movimentos de pessoas que possuem diversas causas. Busca-se, nesse entendimento, determinar a proteção dos direitos humanos como fator fundamental na proposição de ações dentro do Mercosul. A revisão da literatura combinada com a análise documental dos acordos do bloco servirá como método para entender essas relações entre migrações e garantia de direitos. Entende-se como clara a vontade de ampliar fronteiras econômicas no bloco, mas não tão expressivas as garantias dos direitos fundamentais via Estados-Nação. Desta forma, acredita-se essencial a preocupação com o tema para maior proposição de políticas que resolvam conflitos de interesses e que garantam direitos.
Por que Migrar? Uma Análise sobre as Motivações que Conduzem às Migrações Internas / Why Migrate? An Analysis of the Drivers of Internal Migration
Authors: Oliveira Túlio Fernando Mendanha de , Guellati Yacine
Published: October 2019

Neste artigo, analisam-se, de forma sucinta, as motivações essenciais da migração/imigração interna no contexto nacional, observando os movimentos migratórios como intrinsecamente ligados à constituição sociocultural brasileira. A presente análise apoia-se em uma pesquisa bibliográfica com diversos autores/as da temática, além de entrevistas realizadas com migrantes nordestinos na região de Inhumas, estado de Goiás. Como resultado geral aponta-se a existência de três diferentes momentos: a importância dos deslocamentos migratórios enquanto “devir histórico”; as categorias econômicas vistas como motivadoras dessas mudanças de localidades; e as justificativas afetivas dos migrantes, estas últimas ligadas ao parentesco ou à família e que têm uma importância primordial enquanto motivações para o(s) deslocamento(s).
The Association of COPD Exacerbations with New Onset Type 2 Diabetes among Medicare Patients
Authors: Marino Joseph S. , Ruban Cynthiya , Blanchette Christopher M.
Published: October 2019

Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is highly prevalent in the elderly population and typically reduces overall quality of life. Exacerbations of COPD are commonly treated with corticosteroids, a class of drug known to cause insulin resistance. The objective of this study was to assess the rate of exacerbations requiring emergency room visits, hospitalizations or any medical encounter (a combination of emergency room and hospitalizations) between COPD patients who did and did not develop type 2 diabetes.

Research Design and Methods: A case-control study of COPD patients from the 2011-2012 Medicare 5% sample Limited Data Set (LDS) was conducted. Beneficiaries with at least 1 year of continuous enrollment and evidence of > 2 COPD-related claims (>1 primary diagnosis) were included in the study. Cases were defined as a beneficiary with a new claim for type 2 diabetes, whereas controls lacked evidence of type 2 diabetes (beneficiaries with evidence of non-incident type 2 diabetes were excluded).

Results: Of 27 456 COPD beneficiaries, 1274 developed incident type 2 diabetes (4.6%). After matching, 2536 beneficiaries were assigned as cases (n = 1268) and controls (n = 1268). Cases in the emergency room (1.97 claims per person) (p = <0.001) and hospitalizations (2.02 claims per person) (p = <0.001) had a higher rate of exacerbations.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that patients that were hospitalized and visited the emergency room for COPD exacerbations had a greater likelihood of type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes may be associated with exposure to corticosteroids as a result of the treatment for exacerbations. Future work should investigate the risk for type 2 diabetes in COPD patients treated with corticosteroids.
The Real-World Utilization Pattern of Increased Utilization of Advanced Topical Adjunctive Hemostats in a Vertically Integrated Healthcare System
Authors: Stern Lee , Lee Yi-Chien , Tao Biwen , Lamerato Lois , Gangoli Gaurav , Kocharian Richard , Danker III Walter
Published: October 2019

Hemostasis products, such as SURGICEL®, have been increasingly used across a wide variety of surgical procedures to mitigate bleeding-related risks and complications. This retrospective observational study described the utilization pattern of the SURGICEL® family of oxidized regenerated cellulose products (SURGICEL® ORIGINAL, SURGICEL® FIBRILLAR™, SURGICEL SNoW®) in a large, vertically integrated healthcare system, by utilizing electronic medical records (EMR) extracted from August 2013 through June 2015 at Henry Ford Health System (HFHS). Descriptive measurements were compared between SURGICEL® ORIGINAL and advanced SURGICEL® products (SURGICEL® FIBRILLAR™ and SURGICEL SNoW®) for pooled common surgical procedures. Among 1471 patients, 450 received SURGICEL® ORIGINAL, and 1021 received advanced SURGICEL® products. A significantly greater proportion of patients given advanced SURGICEL® products had comorbidities (91.0% vs 85.6%, p=.0024), prior bleeding conditions (49.9% vs 30.9%, p<.0001), and prior use of anticoagulants (27.7% vs 5.3%, p<.0001). Advanced SURGICEL® products were more likely to be used in coronary artery bypass grafting (13.7% vs 1.6%, p<.0001). Among a sub-set of 1420 patients with complete package size information (988 Advanced and 432 ORIGINAL), significantly fewer mean normalized units of Advanced SURGICEL® were used per patient case (3.9 vs 5.5, p<.0001). Despite Advanced SURGICEL® products being utilized in higher risk bleeding situations compared to cases where SURGICEL® ORIGINAL was utilized, fewer overall normalized units of Advanced SURGICEL® were required per patient case. Further research is needed to investigate the implications of topical hemostat use in continuous oozing bleeding situations on outcomes, hospital costs, and resources.
The Burden of Cost in Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome: Predictions for the Next Decade
Authors: Jones Christopher A. , Chapman David G. , Weimersheimer Peter , Fernandez Luca , Mesa Oscar Alejandro , Peters Christian , Vanaudenaerde Bart M. , Norotsky Mitchell C. , Vos Robin
Published: October 2019

In health economics, costs can be divided into both direct and indirect categories. Direct costs tend to consist of medical costs, which are those directly attributed to health care interventions (e.g., hospitalizations, pharmaceuticals, devices), and non-medical direct costs such as monitoring and professional caregiving. Indirect costs tend to comprise those related to lost productivity due to illness (or treatment), burden on systems outside of the healthcare domain, and other costs that can sometimes outweigh the entire sum of direct healthcare costs.

The most common life-threatening complication of lung and hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). BOS is currently diagnosed as a 20% decline in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) from the best (baseline) post-transplantation value, and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality amongst lung and stem cell transplant patients. BOS affects half of all lung transplant patients within the first 5 years post-transplant, rising to the majority of patients (~80%) within the first decade following transplant.

We estimated both direct and indirect costs for the first 10 years following BOS diagnosis, a viewpoint that highlights a tremendous imbalance between healthcare and non-healthcare costs. The lost workforce resulting from BOS-related infirmity will cost society more than $3.7 Billion over the next decade, a figure that is more than double the estimated 10-year cost of treating BOS ($1.4B), including diagnostics, immunosuppressives, and additional complications. As such, BOS is estimated to present a burden of cost that must be evaluated in a new light to include the wider societal perspective.
A Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Brentuximab Vedotin in Relapsed or Refractory Systemic Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Hux Margaret , Zou Denise , Ma Esprit , Sajosi Peter , Engstrom Andreas , Ross Selby , Benson Eugene , Briggs Andrew , Bonthapally Vijayveer
Published: October 2019

Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of brentuximab vedotin in patients with R/R sALCL from a UK NHS perspective.

Methods: A partitioned survival model used clinical outcomes for brentuximab vedotin from the pivotal phase-2 single-arm trial of brentuximab vedotin in 58 patients with R/R sALCL (SG035-0004; NCT00866047), over a lifetime (30-year) time horizon. Comparison with conventional chemotherapy was based on data from the Canadian British Columbia Cancer Agency registry from 40 patients starting salvage chemotherapy after front-line treatment between 1980 and 2012. Survival was extrapolated using parametric distributions, with brentuximab vedotin risk after the trial period assumed equal to conventional chemotherapy. Other modelling assumptions were based on a systematic literature review and clinical expert opinion.

Results: Based on statistical extrapolation, brentuximab vedotin was associated with 3.1 years longer duration in the progression-free survival health state and an overall survival improvement of 5.4 years, prior to discounting. In addition, brentuximab vedotin was associated with 2.5 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained at a total incremental cost of £88 556, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of approximately £35 400. Sensitivity analyses of alternative model assumptions provided ICERs ranging from approximately £28 100 to £61 900. Comparing only first-line salvage patients reduced the ICER to £26 800 per QALY gained. Conversely, considering only patients with Eastern Corporative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 increased the ICER to approximately £38 200. At a willingness-to-pay threshold of £50 000, the estimated probability that brentuximab vedotin is cost-effective compared with conventional chemotherapy was 86.5%.

Conclusion: Compared to conventional chemotherapy, and considering the full survival period, brentuximab vedotin may provide a valuable treatment choice for patients with R/R sALCL, a population with limited therapeutic options.