bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individual Performance Style of the Pianist in the Context of E. Erikson's "Identity" Theory
Authors: Lin Ma
Published: May 2023

The individual performance style of the pianist is considered from the standpoint of both conscious and unconscious advocacy of an adequate "my own personnality" in the network of perfect standards and aesthetic performance values of other pianists. It is proposed to interpret the specified phenomenon as a pianist's way of constructing in his imagination artistic images of musical works and their unique/original sound realization, taking into account the innate psychophysiological properties and acquired artistic and aesthetic values of the artist. It was found that the pianist's individual performance style enables the realization of his creative " my own personnality - concept" with a reflection of the influence of the most clear identification of its constructs both on the expressive and technical means of interpreting a musical work, and on artistry. The expediency of considering the identity of the pianist's individual performance style from the standpoint of identifying and differentiating the characteristic features of the pianist is substantiated. It is proven that the individual performance style of a pianist should be determined by: the presence of a system of his original/exceptional features, which enables the manifestation of both innate and acquired properties of the pianist in the process of interpreting musical works while preserving their authenticity; the conscious and unconscious defense of an adequate "self" in the context of the performance styles of other pianists; the immutability of reproduction of the fundamental features of the individual performance style of the pianist under any conditions and external influences aimed at their "identification" ("inflation", "dissolution in general") and "regressive restoration" ("capitulation" of the conscious attitude to the defense of individualization); the presence of a high level of fullness, differentiation and multi-vector nature of its features; the uniqueness of his features and their ability to complement each other with features of the performance styles of other pianists. The conditions for the manifestation of a complete system of features of the pianist’s individual performance style are defined in order to recognize its uniqueness. As a conclusion, the author describes the specifics of the application of methods of imitation and patterning, which help to reproduce features capable of ensuring the recognition of the created individual performance style of the pianist without "blurring" its leading differences among the performance styles of other artists involved in concert and stage activities.
Vocalist's Concert-Stage Artistry as an Art Course Phenomenon
Authors: Na Sui
Published: May 2023

The author of the article analyzed the invariant interpretation of the essence of the concept "artistry" given by representatives of various science branches (psychology, pedagogy, art history, etc.). Having considered the functional orientation of the vocalist's concert and stage artistry, it becomes possible to recognize it as a phenomenon of art course phenomenon. It has been proven that the concert and stage artistry of a vocalist should be studied precisely from the standpoint of art history, and not only from the standpoint of psychology, pedagogy, and other fields of science. According to the existing paradigm, it is the researchers of art course studies who have the tools to determine the essence of this phenomenon, since they have a deep understanding of the characteristic features of the individual physiology of the vocalist's vocal apparatus. The physiology of the vocal apparatus affects the timbral and aesthetic coloring of the sound; builds the individual reflection in the process of transforming the singer into an imaginary artistic image of a musical work; creates "manners" of sound creation taking into account the logic of building melodic and rhythmic lines in flexible intonation and phrasal development; clarifies the specifics of the effect of emotogenic conditions on the work of the vocal apparatus, etc. The article describes the essence of the concept of "concert and stage artistry of a vocalist" from the point of view of art history. It has been found that the specified art phenomenon reflects the specificity of the internal transformation into an artistic image of a musical work and a universal system of communicative and regulatory stage movements aimed at convincingly strengthening the process of conveying the necessary information to listeners/spectators during a public performance. The mechanisms of manifestation of the vocalist's individual type of concert and stage artistry (irrational and expressive) are revealed from the standpoint of the psychological theory of empathy. The specifics of the definition of the "communicative core" of irrational and expressive types of the vocalist's concert and stage artistry are described, taking into account the individual features of his performance style.
Performance Stability of a Pianist and the Specificity of its Formation in the Preparation Process to Concert and Stage Activities
Authors: I Yan
Published: May 2023

The performance stability of a pianist is characterized as not innate, but an acquired integraldynamic property, the manifestation of which ensures the preservation of optimal emotional and creative well-being in the conditions of concert and stage activity, aimed at a clear representation of the artistic images of musical works and their expressive implementation by means of error-free reproduction of performance skills. The role of the pianist's performance stability in the mental creation of a model of a musical piece, the basis of which is artistic images built by the transformation of perceived musical material into sound constructs with their imaginary emotional and timbral coloring, and in the mental creation of a program of technical and tactical actions, thanks to which the defined images are realized, is clarified. It was established that the performance stability of a pianist can be formed both purposefully (arbitrarily) and spontaneously (involuntarily) in the process of preparation for concert and stage activities. The specifics of the formation of the performance stability of a pianist in the process of preparation for concert and stage activities are considered. It has been proven that the voluntary (purposeful) form of formation of the performance stability of the pianist is more effective than the involuntary (spontaneous) form. Emphasis is placed on the expediency of using an arbitrary (targeted) form of formation of the given phenomenon, as it enables the pianist to create in his imagination artistic images of a musical piece and a program of technical and tactical actions with conscious introduction of the necessary corrections to their structural and functional components during preparation for a concert and stage interpretation. It was found that the involuntarily (spontaneously) formed performance stability of a pianist is much more difficult to be consciously corrected with the aim of its positivization. The stages of the arbitrary form of formation of the pianist's performance stability are described in accordance with the functional orientation of the essential features of the phenomenon in the process of his preparation for concert and stage activities.
Performing Accents of Stage Speech Expression in the Ukrainian Opera (from the Work Experience of Ivan Patorzhynsky)
Authors: Palamarenko Anatoly
Published: May 2023

The author considered the relationship between words, music and stage action in Ukrainian classical opera. The stage language of the artist is characterized as the most powerful means of influencing the listener, thanks to which the ideological content and inner world of the character (singer-actor) is conveyed to the audience. The process of the singer-actor's work on creating a complete vocal and stage image with the use of spoken dialogues is analyzed. The peculiarities of the implementation of musical and theatrical works by means of stage broadcasting in an opera on national themes, taking into account the mentality of the Ukrainian people (peculiarities of life, culture, customs, rites of various social strata of the population, etc.) have been revealed. The specific methods of emotional and meaningful accents of the expressiveness of stage speech in Ukrainian opera are determined, using the example of Ivan Patorzhynskyi's performance. An organic combination of character-comedic features and pathos was revealed in Ivan Patorzhynskyi's creation of a complex and multifaceted image of Karas in S. Gulak-Artemovsky's opera "Zaporozhets za Danube" (Zaporozhian Beyond the Danube). The personal intonation and emotional techniques of the outstanding artist in the embodiment of the bright and unique image of Vyborny Makogonenko in M. Lysenko's opera "Natalka Poltavka" were clarified. The resolute, heroic intonations of Ivan Patorzhynskyi in the image of Taras as a brave, wise commander and his deep drama and tragic experiences as a father in the scene of the murder of his traitorous son in M. Lysenko's opera "Taras Bulba" are outlined. The professional approach and thorough search work of the master in creating socio-psychological portraits of the characters embodied by the actor in the specified operas are proven. Further scientific research is predicted to identify new synthesized means of expression in the combination of music, speech and stage action in today's realities.
The Role of Theatrical Costume in the Creation of Artistic Image in Opera Performance
Authors: Shutko Serhiy
Published: May 2023

The influence of the peculiarities of the theatrical costume on the creation of artistic image of opera performance and its character is considered. The essence of the artistic image in musical art in the context of communication "composer - performer-interpreter - listener" is clarified. The differences between the artistic image of a musical and theatrical performance, its creation in the context of the commonwealth of conductor, director, scenographer, costume designer, choreographer and perception by the audience through performers are established. The artistic image of the performance as a visual embodiment of the supertask, its formation by metaphor, hyperbole, comparison or allegory is revealed. The need to adhere to a single style in the conceptual vision and artistic solution of the play by the director, scenographer, and costume designer is outlined. The artistic image of the character is described as a synthesis of the unity of internal and external manifestations of the personal characteristics of the hero, subordinated to the idea of the work. The functional purpose of the theatrical costume as an important element in the creation of the artistic image of the character and the play is analyzed. The dependence of the artistic expressiveness of the costume on the stylistic unity of all its components is emphasized. The peculiarities of the use of symbols and metaphors in theatrical costumes to reveal a certain subtext of the play's drama are revealed. The features of creating a costume for a musical and theatrical performance according to comfortable singing conditions are characterized. The concept of scenographic design and stylization of the theater costume according to the director's interpretation of the opera performance is defined. It has been found that the artistic reconstruction of the ancient opera is characterized by a decorative solution and stylization of costumes in the context of hedonistic court aesthetics of the Baroque era, while the traditional representation of classical opera is characterized by a historically reliable scenographic solution and stylization of costumes in the context of realistic aesthetics, appropriate to the time and place of action, which occur in the work. It is proved that modern interpretations of ancient, classical and modern operas are characterized by conventional symbolic nature of scenographic solutions and stylization of costumes in the context of postmodern aesthetics. Prospects for further scientific exploration of selected issues related to the specifics of creating an artistic image of an opera performance in non-traditional locations are predicted.
Gioacchino Rossini's Opera "Silk Ladder": from the Author to the Director
Authors: Simonova Natalia
Published: May 2023

Art is considered as one of the forms of social thinking, which depends on social, political and cultural processes of human existence. The author analyzed the dialogue of modern artistic traditions of the world, to which the Ukrainian theatrical space was also invited. It has been proven that at the turn of the 21st century, such a dialogue turns into a "polylogue". The "polylogue" is characterized from the standpoint of the "immersion" of art in general and music, in particular, into the global digitalization of the world with an increase in information flows and the emergence of "clip thinking" in the modern viewer. The following criteria for evaluating the results of artistic creativity are proposed, such as: advertising and performance component; space-time component; material component in the equivalent of decoration, art technologies, the price of a seat — content for viewing. It was determined by the search for the work for its own directorial embodiment, which became decisive in the appeal to the musical work of Gioacchino Rossini. His one-act farce "Silken Ladder" was selected. The work of the composer is studied. The prerequisites for the creation of the opera, some features of the author's style of the artist during the period of its writing are revealed, which determined the universality of this example for interpretations in today's conditions. The kinship of the figurative sphere of the one-act comic opera with the main characters of the Italian street comedy dell'arte has been rethought. The integrity of the ideological and artistic content of the opera is highlighted and its musical and structural component, which corresponds to the features of Rossini's comedy-opera genre, is emphasized. An analysis of the most interesting directorial incarnations of Gioacchino Rossini's opera "Silkin Ladder" was carried out. Typologies of her directorial interpretations are classified. The original concept of staging Gioacchino Rossini's opera "The Silkin Ladder" is proposed, which is reflected in the synthesis of updated scenography principles and the figurative component of commedia dell'arte.
Reconception of the Buffon Style in Gioacchino Rossini’s Opera "Barber of Seville" in the Director's Design of the Project
Authors: Forsyuk Tamara
Published: May 2023

The prospects of turning to the opera-comedy genre in times of great socio-political cataclysms are considered. The relevance of reseach is outlined and the source base is analyzed. The main components of the play's design through the prism of the director's vision of the author of the creative art project are defined. The differences between the decorative and effective scenographic solution of the performance were revealed. The danger of the directors' excessive fascination with the latest art technologies is outlined, and their influence on classical opera is clarified. The director's concept and director's approaches in creating an artistic project of a creative graduate student based on J. Rossini's opera "The Barber of Seville" were revealed. The basic components of the director's idea of the play are substantiated: its scenographic solution, mise-en-scène drawing, director's characterization of actors and supertasks. The defined elements are reinterpreted through the personality of the director-producer, which contributes to the motivation of the theater's creative and production teams, so that the play takes a worthy place in its repertoire. It was found that, in contrast to the decorative design of the performance, scenography is always dynamic, full of action, and the scenographer together with the director create the ideological and semantic layer of the spectacle. It is proven that the visualization of a modern opera production is carried out at the expense of the "here and now" presented cultural subject and the content of material and virtual reality, which is constantly changing. The dynamics of changing opera scenes in the process of transforming them into a "screen" is described, which does not reflect the events of the opera's plot, but represents fragments of modern reality that have nothing to do with the classical art project. Prospects for further scientific exploration of the chosen problem and reinterpretation of classical opera masterpieces, such as "The Barber of Seville" by G. Rossini due to the enrichment and renewal of directorial approaches in the construction of a complete and original performance, are predicted.
DESCRIPTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF VERBAL ATTENTION IN OLDER PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH LOGOPATHOLOGY
Authors: Bielova Olena
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study is to identify the current state of formation of verbal attention of older preschool children with logopathology, which affects their speech readiness for learning in general secondary education institutions. Research task: theoretical analysis of scientific sources on the problem of study; specify research methods and parameters revealing the level of verbal attention; carrying out a comparative analysis of the results of the study of older preschool children with logopathology and normotypical psychophysical development. Research methods are methods with tasks aimed at studying the semiotic and psychological components of speech readiness, in the criteria of which the parameters for evaluating the properties of verbal attention (selectivity, stability, distribution, concentration, switching, volume) are outlined. The results of the experimental study give a clear idea that there are significant differences between the groups of children with speech pathology and those with normotypical psychophysical development regarding the formation of verbal attention of the psychological component of speech readiness: children with speech pathology have insufficiently developed properties of verbal attention, which prevents them from listening carefully to tasks (concentration), focused on it for a long time (persistence), performed other exercises in parallel (distribution), worked on several verbal tasks during the lesson (volume), switched to other actions (switching), focused on a specific task (selectivity). The inability to concentrate attention on educational activities leads to the impaired perception of speech information, its memorization, representation, reflection and verbal reproduction. Research materials indicate the unformed readiness of this category of children to integrate into the conditions of general secondary education institutions.

Keywords: verbal attention; selective attention; stability of attention; distribution of attention; the concentration of attention; switching of attention; amount of attention; children of older preschool age; speech disorder.
ESSAY AS A FORM OF CREATIVE ASSIGNMENT IN THE DISCIPLINES OF THE FINE ARTS CYCLE FOR STUDENTS OF ARTISTIC SPECIALTIES
Authors: Menderetska Nataliia
Published: May 2023

The purpose of the article is an attempt to comprehensively analyze the results of performing such a form of creative task as an essay by students of higher education in artistic specialties. The article deals with the effectiveness of using essays as a creative task in the disciplines of the fine arts cycle for students of artistic specialties. The advantages of this form of creative assignment over the traditional essay in the context of distance learning are determined, the positive impact of this form of assignment on the activation of theoretical research and practical artistic and creative activity of higher education students is noted. The author emphasizes the pedagogical and educational function of the task and the possibility of developing an individual's emotional and value attitude to topical issues of history and the present in the process of its implementation. The purpose of the article is an attempt to comprehensively analyze the results of performing such a form of creative task as an essay by students of higher education in artistic specialties. An attempt is made to consider the impact of the essay on stimulating students' creative activity in both theoretical and practical professional activities, influencing the formation of aesthetic, emotional and worldview thoughts. The article explores the issues of essays as an alternative form of work, motivation for scientific activity – preparing reports and writing scientific articles. The interest in the topic of the essay prompted reflection on the questions that arose during the processing of the material and the formation of answers through the receipt of impressions, in this case, theoretical material.

Keywords: essay; form; task; stimulation of creativity; creative activity; imaginative thinking; aesthetic development; fine arts; artistic activity.
SCIENTIFIC AND PEDAGOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MANAGING PRESCHOOL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Kharkova Yevdokiia , Shapovalova Olha
Published: May 2023

The article clarifies the concept of “management” in the field of preschool education. It is noted that preschool education management includes administration of various types of preschool education institutions of different forms of ownership, internal management in the PEI. Also, preschool education management is considered as a purposeful activity of all its hierarchical links, which ensures formation, preservation, stabilization of the functioning and development of preschool education in its various forms. The principles, levels and functions of educational process management in preschool education institutions are defined. The principle of management is defined as the main fundamental ideas, representations about management activity, rules that arise directly from the laws and regularities of management, that is, the principles of management reflect the objective reality that exists outside and independently of human consciousness.In the practice of managing the innovative pedagogical process, the heads of preschool education institutions note difficulties in mastering mechanisms and methodological techniques, there is insufficient competence in management, mechanical performance of certain actions, lack of creativity in solving certain situations, taking managerial actions. The effectiveness of managing the interaction of the subjects of the educational process provides support for general pedagogical and general scientific principles. Three groups of methods (administrative, socio-psychological and economic) used by heads of education institutions in the organization of pedagogical activities are discussed.In the course of the study, the levels of management culture among students and heads of preschool education institutions were determined (high, medium, low). In the organization of the educational process, active methods and forms of learning are preferred during the teaching of educational disciplines related to managerial activities. The expediency of using managerial situations in the preparation of preschool education organizers for professional activities has been proved.

Keywords: management; preschool education; pedagogical activity; management actions; organization of the educational process; competence; management functions; management levels; innovative pedagogical processes.
MOVING GAMES AS A MEANS OF FORMING PHYSICAL QUALITIES IN PRESCHOOLERS
Authors: Zaliznyak Alla
Published: May 2023

The subject of consideration in the article is agile game as a means of forming physical qualities in preschool children. Attention is drawn to the fact that it is in the period of preschool childhood that the foundations of health and longevity are laid in children, many motor skills are formed and physical qualities are developed. Development of physical qualities is an important task of physical education of preschool children. It is emphasized that the basis of the comprehensive development of preschoolers is physical education, which provides for the achievement of the best development of such physical qualities in preschoolers as: speed, dexterity, flexibility, endurance, strength. The meaning of the concepts: “game”, “preschool age” is outlined. The main purpose of the agile game is revealed, which consists in the formation of the physical activity of a preschool child and the development of motor qualities. It has been proven that the agile game is not only a means of physical education, but also a method of learning. It is emphasized that agile games, correctly selected by the teacher, will have a positive effect on the cardiovascular, respiratory, and central nervous systems, stimulate the appetite and promote sound sleep. The types of agile games (by complexity; by degree of physical exertion; by group composition) and their influence on the formation of physical qualities in preschool children were analyzed. It is indicated that it is in the process of agile play in preschool children that motor experience is enriched and motor skills and physical qualities are formed.

Kewords: movinggame; preschoolers; physical qualities; physical education; childrenʼs movements; signs of the game; game types; physical development; comprehensive personality development; physical activity.
FEATURES OF STUDYING LYRICS IN LITERATURE LESSONS
Authors: Parkheta Lubov
Published: May 2023

Methodical approaches to the study of lyrics in literature lessons are disclosed in the article, in particular, its role in the formation of literary competence in students of general secondary education institutions. It is noted that lyrics are the most mobile of all genres of literature and have the greatest potential in shaping the emotional sphere of students and great educational opportunities. Various methodical algorithms for the study of lyric poetry are analyzed, in particular, the fact that lyrics are divided into civil, or political, philosophical, intimate, or personal, landscape, according to the subject matter and leading motives.According to the structure and method of organizing the material, lyrics are divided into reflexively expressive, narrative, and descriptive. In addition, there are also mixed structures of lyric works, that is, those that have features of all types. Studentsʼ perception and understanding of lyric works is determined by many factors: features of lyric poetry; the originality of the poetʼs artistic manner; the character of the ideological content of the works; general development of children, their life experience.The generic features of lyrical works determine the specificity of their study, which is associated with a number of related problems. One of them is the analysis of the image of the lyrical hero. The second problem of studying poetry is its poetic form (the peculiarity of the poetic language, its feet and size, strophic structure, etc.). Reading a work in class is a very important stage of its analysis, and for some types of lyrics it is also the main one. Pupils receive the first emotional impressions, on which the perception of poetry in general depends to a large extent. An important problem in the study of lyrics is its poetic form (the peculiarity of the poetic language, its feet and size, strophic structure, etc.). Lyrical works are somewhat difficult to perceive not only by teenagers, but often by high school students as well, therefore it is very important to create conditions for students to experience as fully as possible the feelings expressed in the studied poetry, to be imbued with thoughts. For this purpose, various methodological techniques are used. Studentsʼ interest in lyrical works must be constantly developed.

Keywords: lyrics; lyrical works; literature lesson; lyrical hero; author; rhythm; content and form of the poem; expressive reading.
FORMATION OF A CONSCIOUS ATTITUDE TO THE LEARNING OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASIS
Authors: Turyanytsia Vasyl
Published: May 2023

The author focuses on the importance of learning foreign languages on their practical importance in the life of a specialist and a person in general.On the basis of the analysis of domestic laws in the field of education and other normative legal acts, it distinguishes the qualitative policy of the state in terms of theoretical and methodological guidelines of society. The scientist proves the expediency of legal innovation in the educational process of learning foreign languages. This is due to irreversible globalization processes and transformations in the world.The researcher convincingly proves that foreign languages are not just academic disciplines, but subjects of necessity, the knowledge of which is applied in practice in various spheres of human life. This is an emphasis on the formation of one of the human competencies, fixed at the legislative level, and the entry into the world of new realities of a new planetary understanding of the essence of the philosophy of education of the 21st century.The theoretical and methodological foundations and aspects, innovativeness of their content, direction of implementation, fixed at the legislative level of Ukraine regarding the formation of a conscious attitude of the society to the study and mastering of foreign languages at all levels of domestic education are analyzed.The strategic tasks of national education at the current stage before state bodies and local self-government bodies in the field of education are highlighted. Directions for further research are outlined, taking into account European and international experience.

Keywords: theoretical and methodological principles; society; foreign languages; legislative framework; state policy; the essence of the philosophy of education; New Ukrainian school; meaningful motivation; self-realization; competence; legal innovation introduction.
DEVELOPING PRE INTERMEDIATE STUDENTS’ COMMUNICATIVE AND SOCIOCULTURAL COMPETENCES BY MEANS OF ROLE PLAY: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Komar Oleh , Lőrincz Marianna
Published: May 2023

The article presents a study of the peculiarities of the development of communicative and sociocultural competences of pre intermediate students by means of role play. The aim of the article is to develop and implement into educational process original and productive tasks within the concept of role play as an interactive method of teaching in order to promote the development of students’ communicative and sociocultural competences.The following research questions were formulated in order to develop relevant methodology and expect trustworthy findings: Can role play enhance the productive skills of students (in particular speaking)? How does the use of role play influence the development of students’ communicative and sociocultural competences?The research methodology is based on the use of relevant data collection tools, namely introductory questionnaire with the subsequent experimental intervention, teacher survey and post intervention questionnaire.The results of the intervention indicate that the use of role play in the English classroom develops both communicative and sociocultural competences of language learners, primarily because they become more motivated to participate in productive activities, develop self-confidence and creativity. Participation in role-playing activities allows pre intermediate language learners to become more fluent in English, increases their vocabulary volume, expands their conceptual spheres and variety of speech patterns that can be used in appropriate communication situations. However, educational process should not be overloaded with role playing activities as it can become boring and predictable for students if used regularly.The study proves that role play is of great pedagogical importance in the English classroom for improving learners’ communication skills and developing their communicative and sociocultural competences.

Keywords: role play; communication skills; communicative competence; sociocultural competence; case study; pre intermediate students; motivation; simulation.
WAYS TO FORM THE BASIS OF MEDIA LITERACY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS DURING COMPUTER SCIENCE CLASS
Authors: Mukoviz Oleksii , Melnychuk Vita
Published: May 2023

The article justifies theoretically the ways of forming the basics of media literacy in primary school students at the computer science lessons. It has been determined that the following ways contribute to the formation of media literacy: the conducting of a system of computer science lessons using specific forms, methods and techniques of work, filled with the purposeful motivated media-active performance of the students; the analysis and integration of media products (the development of critical thinking);  the involvement in media creativity. Each of the named ways is self-sufficient, but when implemented in a system, they become multi-vector under the influence of external and internal factors. It is important that by developing certain skills in different situations, an individual acquires media literacy, which helps form their own identity and independence. One of the defining ways of forming the basics of media literacy at the computer science lessons is the use of various pedagogical forms, methods, and work techniques that contribute to the purposeful motivated media-active performance of the students. Another effective way is the analysis and the integration of media resources. In this regard, primary school computer science lessons should develop the skills for safe interaction with television, the Internet, and other media, in order neither to abuse nor to harm their own development and psychological health. Computer science lessons should contribute to the increase of the students' resilience to information manipulation and propaganda, as well as to prevent abuse and the destructive influence of the media on children's psyche. Based on the above, it has been established that the formation of the basics of media literacy in primary school students is promoted by: the conducting of a system of computer science lessons with the use of specific forms, methods, and techniques of work, filled with the purposeful motivated media-active performance of the students; the analysis and integration of media products (the development of critical thinking); the involvement in media creativity.

Keywords: information; media; media illiteracy; media education; primary school students; computer science lessons; computer; methods; techniques; forms; ways.
DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF CHILDREN OF OLDER PRESCHOOL AGE WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS
Authors: Shuliak Svitlana
Published: May 2023

The interest in communicative problems on the part of representatives of various scientific fields is largely explained by the fact that communication can be considered a necessary and general condition of human life and one of the fundamental foundations of society’s existence.The purpose of the article is to study the communicative competence of older preschool children with special educational needs.When communicating with children with special educational needs, the educator must take into account their communicative capabilities, that is, what form of communication the child is capable of, and then gradually complicate the content and means of communication. A competent approach to the formation of communicative competence of older preschool children with special educational needs involves the task of developing dialogue skills. An important task is the formation of children’s interest in the world of people, a conscious attitude towards themselves as individuals. Ways of communication, or communicative skills, are considered as actions by which the child expresses his attitude towards peers in the process of playing and at the same time influences them. Communicative competence of older preschoolers with special educational needs is the ability to establish and maintain relationships with others, as well as to combine knowledge, abilities and skills for quality communication. The development of communicative competence of children with special educational needs should be aimed at meeting the needs of a specific child, and, accordingly, create an educational environment.Further research will concern the study of social and emotional development of older preschool children with special educational needs.

Keywords: communicative competence; older preschool age; special educational needs; competence approach; speech development; educational environment; coherent speech; communication.
Research using the Quality Outcomes Database: accomplishments and future steps toward higher-quality real-world evidence
Authors: Asher Anthony L. , Haid Regis W. , Stroink Ann R. , Michalopoulos Giorgos D. , Alexander A. Yohan , Zeitouni Daniel , Chan Andrew K. , Virk Michael S. , Glassman Steven D. , Foley Kevin T. , Slotkin Jonathan R. , Potts Eric A. , Shaffrey Mark E. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Park Paul , Upadhyaya Cheerag , Coric Domagoj , Tumialán Luis M. , Chou Dean , Fu Kai-Ming G. , Knightly John J. , Orrico Katie O. , Wang Michael Y. , Bisson Erica F. , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Bydon Mohamad
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE

The Quality Outcomes Database (QOD) was established in 2012 by the NeuroPoint Alliance, a nonprofit organization supported by the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Currently, the QOD has launched six different modules to cover a broad spectrum of neurosurgical practice—namely lumbar spine surgery, cervical spine surgery, brain tumor, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), functional neurosurgery for Parkinson’s disease, and cerebrovascular surgery. This investigation aims to summarize research efforts and evidence yielded through QOD research endeavors.

METHODS

The authors identified all publications from January 1, 2012, to February 18, 2023, that were produced by using data collected prospectively in a QOD module without a prespecified research purpose in the context of quality surveillance and improvement. Citations were compiled and presented along with comprehensive documentation of the main study objective and take-home message.

RESULTS

A total of 94 studies have been produced through QOD efforts during the past decade. QOD-derived literature has been predominantly dedicated to spinal surgical outcomes, with 59 and 22 studies focusing on lumbar and cervical spine surgery, respectively, and 6 studies focusing on both. More specifically, the QOD Study Group—a research collaborative between 16 high-enrolling sites—has yielded 24 studies on lumbar grade 1 spondylolisthesis and 13 studies on cervical spondylotic myelopathy, using two focused data sets with high data accuracy and long-term follow-up. The more recent neuro-oncological QOD efforts, i.e., the Tumor QOD and the SRS Quality Registry, have contributed 5 studies, providing insights into the real-world neuro-oncological practice and the role of patient-reported outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

Prospective quality registries are an important resource for observational research, yielding clinical evidence to guide decision-making across neurosurgical subspecialties. Future directions of the QOD efforts include the development of research efforts within the neuro-oncological registries and the American Spine Registry—which has now replaced the inactive spinal modules of the QOD—and the focused research on high-grade lumbar spondylolisthesis and cervical radiculopathy.
A taxonomy for deep cerebral cavernous malformations: subtypes of thalamic lesions
Authors: Catapano Joshua S. , Rumalla Kavelin , Srinivasan Visish M. , Benner Dimitri , Winkler Ethan A. , Lawrence Peter M. , Larson Keil Kristen , Lawton Michael T.
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE

Anatomical taxonomy is a practical tool to successfully guide clinical decision-making for patients with brain arteriovenous malformations and brainstem cavernous malformations (CMs). Deep cerebral CMs are complex, difficult to access, and highly variable in size, shape, and position. The authors propose a novel taxonomic system for deep CMs in the thalamus based on clinical presentation (syndromes) and anatomical location (identified on MRI).

METHODS

The taxonomic system was developed and applied to an extensive 2-surgeon experience from 2001 through 2019. Deep CMs involving the thalamus were identified. These CMs were subtyped on the basis of the predominant surface presentation identified on preoperative MRI. Six subtypes among 75 thalamic CMs were defined: anterior (7/75, 9%), medial (22/75, 29%), lateral (10/75, 13%), choroidal (9/75, 12%), pulvinar (19/75, 25%), and geniculate (8/75, 11%). Neurological outcomes were assessed using modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores. A postoperative score ≤ 2 was defined as a favorable outcome and > 2 as a poor outcome. Clinical and surgical characteristics and neurological outcomes were compared among subtypes.

RESULTS

Seventy-five patients underwent resection of thalamic CMs and had clinical and radiological data available. Their mean age was 40.9 (SD 15.2) years. Each thalamic CM subtype was associated with a recognizable constellation of neurological symptoms. The common symptoms were severe or worsening headaches (30/75, 40%), hemiparesis (27/75, 36%), hemianesthesia (21/75, 28%), blurred vision (14/75, 19%), and hydrocephalus (9/75, 12%). The thalamic CM subtype determined the selection of surgical approach. A single approach was associated with each subtype for most patients. The main exception to this paradigm was that in the surgeons’ early experience, pulvinar CMs were resected through a superior parietal lobule–transatrial approach (4/19, 21%), which later evolved to the paramedian supracerebellar-infratentorial approach (12/19, 63%). Relative outcomes implied by mRS scores were unchanged or improved in most patients (61/66, 92%) postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS

This study confirms the authors’ hypothesis that this taxonomy for thalamic CMs can meaningfully guide the selection of surgical approach and resection strategy. The proposed taxonomy can increase diagnostic acumen at the patient bedside, help identify optimal surgical approaches, enhance the clarity of clinical communications and publications, and improve patient outcomes.
Medical student specialty decision-making and perceptions of neurosurgery. Part 1: Role of gender
Authors: Pugazenthi Sangami , Johnson Gabrielle W. , Lee Hedwig , Strahle Jennifer M.
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE

Although women account for 50% of medical school graduates, less than 30% of neurosurgery residency applicants and less than 10% of neurosurgeons are female. In order to diversify the field of neurosurgery and recruit more women, it is necessary to understand why there is a disproportionately low entry rate into neurosurgery by female medical students. Factors contributing to specialty decision-making and perceptions of neurosurgery among medical students and residents, specifically differences by gender, have not been studied. The authors aimed to investigate these differences using quantitative and qualitative methods.

METHODS

A Qualtrics survey was administered at the authors’ institution to all medical students and resident physicians to assess factors influencing medical specialty decision-making and perceptions of neurosurgery. Likert scale responses converted to numerical values on a 5-point scale were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U-test. The chi-square test was performed on binary responses. Semistructured interviews were conducted in a subset of survey respondents and were analyzed by using the grounded theory method.

RESULTS

Of the 272 survey respondents, 48.2% were medical students and 61.0% were female. When making specialty decisions, female medical students considered maternity/paternity leave more (p = 0.028) than their male counterparts. Female medical students were more hesitant toward neurosurgery due to maternity/paternity needs (p = 0.031) and the technical skill required (p = 0.020) than male medical students. Across both genders, the majority of medical students were hesitant toward neurosurgery due to opportunities for work/life integration (93%), length of training (88%), malignancy of the field (76%), and perceived happiness of the people in the field (76%). Female residents indicated they were more likely than male residents to consider the perceived happiness of the people in the field (p = 0.003), shadowing experiences (p = 0.019), and elective rotations (p = 0.004) when making specialty decisions. Two major themes emerged from the semistructured interviews: 1) maternity needs were more of a concern for women and 2) length of training was a concern for many individuals.

CONCLUSIONS

Compared with their male counterparts, female students and residents consider different factors and experiences when choosing a medical specialty and have different perceptions of neurosurgery. Exposure to and education within neurosurgery, specifically maternity needs, may help address hesitancy in pursuing a neurosurgical career among female medical students. However, cultural and structural factors may need to be addressed within neurosurgery in order to ultimately increase representation of women.
Medical student specialty decision-making and perceptions of neurosurgery. Part 2: Role of race/ethnicity
Authors: Pugazenthi Sangami , Johnson Gabrielle W. , Lee Hedwig , Strahle Jennifer M.
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE

Although individuals underrepresented in medicine (URM) make up 33% of the United States population, only 12.6% of medical school graduates identify as URM; the same percentage of URM students comprises neurosurgery residency applicants. More information is needed to understand how URM students are making specialty decisions and their perceptions of neurosurgery. The authors aimed to evaluate the differences between URM and non-URM medical students and residents in terms of the factors that contribute to specialty decision-making and perceptions of neurosurgery.

METHODS

A survey was administered to all medical students and resident physicians at a single Midwestern institution to assess factors influencing medical student specialty decision-making and perceptions of neurosurgery. Likert scale responses converted to numerical values on a 5-point scale (strongly agree was the high score of 5) were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U-test. The chi-square test was performed on the binary responses to examine associations between categorical variables. Semistructured interviews were conducted and analyzed using the grounded theory method.

RESULTS

Of 272 respondents, 49.2% were medical students, 51.8% were residents, and 11.0% identified as URM. URM medical students considered research opportunities more than non-URM medical students in specialty decision-making (p = 0.023). When specialty decision-making factors were assessed, URM residents less strongly considered the technical skill required (p = 0.023), their perceived fit in the field (p < 0.001), and seeing people like them in the field (p = 0.010) than their non-URM counterparts when making specialty decisions. Within both medical student and resident respondent cohorts, the authors found no significant differences between URM and non-URM respondents in terms of their specialty decision-making being affected by medical school experiences such as shadowing, elective rotations, family exposure, or having a mentor in the field. URM residents were more concerned about the opportunity to work on health equity issues in neurosurgery than non-URM residents (p = 0.005). The predominant theme that emerged from interviews was the need for more intentional efforts to recruit and retain URM individuals in medicine and specifically neurosurgery.

CONCLUSIONS

URM students may make specialty decisions differently than non-URM students. URM students were more hesitant toward neurosurgery due to their perceived lack of opportunity for health equity work in neurosurgery. These findings further inform optimization of both new and existing initiatives to improve URM student recruitment and retention in neurosurgery.