bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ara--CANINE: Character-Based Pre-Trained Language Model for Arabic Language Understanding
Authors: Alkesaiberi Abdulelah , Alkhathlan Ali , Abdelali Ahmed
Published: March 2024

Recent advancements in the field of natural language processing have markedly enhanced the capability of machines to comprehend human language. However, as language models progress, they require continuous architectural enhancements and different approaches to text processing. One significant challenge stems from the rich diversity of languages, each characterized by its distinctive grammar resulting in a decreased accuracy of language models for specific languages, especially for low-resource languages. This limitation is exacerbated by the reliance of existing NLP models on rigid tokenization methods, rendering them susceptible to issues with previously unseen or infrequent words. Additionally, models based on word and subword tokenization are vulnerable to minor typographical errors, whether they occur naturally or result from adversarial misspellings. To address these challenges, this paper presents the utilization of a recently proposed free-tokenization method, such as Cannine, to enhance the comprehension of natural language. Specifically, we employ this method to develop an Arabic-free tokenization language model. In this research, we will precisely evaluate our model’s performance across a range of eight tasks using Arabic Language Understanding Evaluation (ALUE) benchmark. Furthermore, we will conduct a comparative analysis, pitting our free-tokenization model against existing Arabic language models that rely on sub-word tokenization. By making our pre-training and fine-tuning models accessible to the Arabic NLP community, we aim to facilitate the replication of our experiments and contribute to the advancement of Arabic language processing capabilities. To further support reproducibility and open-source collaboration, the complete source code and model checkpoints will be made publicly available on our Huggingface1 . In conclusion, the results of our study will demonstrate that the free-tokenization approach exhibits comparable performance to established Arabic language models that utilize sub-word tokenization techniques. Notably, in certain tasks, our model surpasses the performance of some of these existing models. This evidence underscores the efficacy of free-tokenization in processing the Arabic language, particularly in specific linguistic contexts.
Exploring Semantic Question Generation Methodology and a Case Study for Algorithmic Question Pool
Authors: Alamoudi Sumayyah , Alnahdi Amany
Published: March 2024

Assessment of student performance is one of the most important tasks in the educational process. Thus, formulating questions and creating tests takes the instructor a lot of time and effort. However, the time spent for learning acquisition and on exam preparation could be utilized in better ways. With the technical development in representing and linking data, ontologies have been used in academic fields to represent the terms in a field by defining concepts and categories classifies the subject. Also, the emergence of such methods that represent the data and link it logically contributed to the creation of methods and tools for creating questions. These tools can be used in existing learning systems to provide effective solutions to assist the teacher in creating test questions. This research paper introduces a semantic methodology for automating question generation in the domain of Algorithms. The primary objective of this approach is to support instructors in effectively incorporating automatically generated questions into their instructional practice, thereby enhancing the teaching and learning experience.
On the Construction of Perfect Keyword Secure PEKS Scheme
Authors: Ray Indranil Ghosh
Published: March 2024

With the growing popularity of cloud computing, searchable encryption has become centre of attraction to enhance privacy and usability of the shared data. First searchable encryption scheme under the public key setting was proposed by Bonah et al. which is known as PEKS. In the PEKS scheme, one can easily link between cipher text and the trapdoor. In Information Sciences 2017 paper, Huang et al. proposed a public key SE scheme. In this scheme, encryption of a document or keyword requires the secret key of the data sender. The data sender generates ciphertexts, and upload them onto the cloud server. The data receiver generates trapdoors depending upon the public key of the sender and its own secret key. Thus, the PEKS scheme of Huang et al. circumvents the above attack by linking the ciphertext and the trapdoor to the key of the sender. However no work is available in the literature to stop attacks against linking user key and cipher text and server key and cipher text. In this paper we address these issues. We formalize the two new security notions, namely UKI-security and SKI-security. We have shown that our scheme is secure under these newly introduced security notions.
The Mathematics behind Cryptocurrencies "A Statistical Analysis of Cryptocurrencies"
Authors: Eshaghinasrabadi Masoud
Published: March 2024

This article provides a statistical approach to describe the fit of the most popular cryptocurrencies, building off a previous report, "A Statistical Analysis of Cryptocurrencies." We examined Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tether, Binance, Ripple, Cardano, Solana, and Doge coins. To model our cryptocurrencies, we utilized trading prices between 2017 and 2022 in light of historic events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we performed a correlation analysis to help understand the relationship between the popular cryptos. Here, we report that the candidate distributions we fit to model the currencies needed to be more independent to describe the return of all popular cryptos. This could be due to the need for Correlation between some of these popular cryptos. We found the generalized hyperbolic and the generalized t showed the best performance of the models tested, though these approaches remained limited in their overall fitness. Their performance also varied by cryptocurrency under investigation, with Tether demonstrating the worst fit across all candidate models. Using our fit models, we also predicted the average daily returns for January 1st, 2023, to February 1st, 2023, and generally found good predictive validity. These results are critical in understanding the movements of cryptos and help better understand the risk associated with trading these currencies.
Efficient Storage of Heterogeneous IoT data in a Blockchain using an Indexing Method in Metric Space
Authors: Khettabi K , Farou B , Kouahla Z , Seridi H
Published: March 2024

In this work, we proposed a IoT data indexing method to surpass some challenges encountered during the use of hashing in the storage of data in a blockchain. The indexing method was developed in metric space in which no dimensions are considered and only distance between objects is taken into account. The proposed method consisted on putting the index in the inner of a block. The index, called GHB-tree is based on space partitioning using hyperplane. The proposed approach was tested using two datasets of close size and different dimensions. The experimental results showed that the proposed method is efficient and competitive to other storing methods since the queries retrieve time is very reduced to be expressed by millisecond compared with that of other blockchains.
Enhancing Time Series Anomaly Detection: A Hybrid Model Fusion Approach
Authors: Addai Paul , Mohd Tauheed Khan
Published: March 2024

Exploring and Identifying Anomalies in time-series data is very crucial in today’s world revolve around data. These data are being used to make important decisions; hence, an efficient and reliable anomaly detection system should be involved in this process to ensure that the best decisions are being made. The paper explores other types of anomalies and proposes efficient detection methods which can be used. Anomalies are patterns that deviate from usual expected behavior. These can come from system failures or unexpected activity. This research paper explores the vulnerabilities of commonly used anomaly detection algorithms such as the Z-Score and static threshold approach. Each method used in this paper has its unique capabilities and limitations. These methods range from using statistical methods and machine learning approaches to detecting anomalies in a time-series dataset. Furthermore, this paper explores other open-source libraries that can be used to detect anomalies, such as Greykite and Prophet Python library. This paper serves as a good source for anyone new to anomaly detection and willing to explore.
Advancements and Hurdles in the Evolution of Automotive Wireless Interfaces: A Technical Exploration
Authors: Sabek Nuha , Loftus Joseph , Sneath Kati , Ames Spencer , Mohd Tauheed Khan
Published: March 2024

The integration of wireless interfaces into vehicles has posed some challenges for the automotive industry over the years. While manufacturers strive to impress consumers with cutting-edge features, these features also bring security risks that cannot be ignored. To prevent potentially fatal incidents, a thorough protocol must be established to address system vulnerabilities. As the modern century moves towards an era of autonomous vehicles, security must be a top priority to avoid compliance breaches and delays in feature development. The significance of vehicle interfaces in the modern automotive industry cannot be overstated. The present study aims to explore the prospective advantages and challenges associated with the integration of wireless interfaces in the automotive industry. This analysis will primarily focus on the latest technological advancements in vehicle technology and the critical need to secure against possible cyber-attacks. A wide range of topics will be covered in this paper, from the evolution of vehicle interfaces to the industry’s hurdles and strategies to minimize the risks associated with cyber threats. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of wireless interfaces in the automotive sector, including the benefits of implementing such technology, the challenges that it poses, and the measures needed to maintain the security and safety of vehicles, as well as the passengers.
Exploring Vulnerabilities and Attack Vectors Targeting Pacemaker Devices in Healthcare
Authors: Chardenet Brad , Jamssens Jaycen , Cummins Richard , Mohd Tauheed Khan
Published: March 2024

This technical paper investigates the vulnerabilities and potential threats posed by emerging technologies, specifically Bluetoothenabled patient pacemakers. With the advancements in healthcare technology, pacemakers now utilize Bluetooth connectivity for real-time monitoring and data transmission, offering patients and healthcare providers an important convenience. However, this technology also introduces significant security risks, leaving these life-sustaining devices susceptible to malicious attacks. Through an in-depth analysis of existing research, real-life incidents, and vulnerabilities identified by experts in the field, this paper will underscore the critical vulnerabilities present in pacemaker systems. Examples, including findings from researchers such as Billy Rios, Jonathon Butts, and Marie Moe, demonstrate the potential severity of these vulnerabilities. From remote control manipulation to unauthorized access to sensitive medical data, the threats posed by these vulnerabilities are substantial and potentially life-threatening. Moreover, this paper outlines advanced mitigation strategies essential for protecting patient pacemakers against these security risks. Recommendations include end-to-end encryption, whitelist device pairing, intrusion detection systems, and regular firmware updates, highlight the collaborative efforts required from patients, healthcare providers, and manufacturers to mitigate these risks effectively. This paper’s findings underscore the urgent need for robust cybersecurity measures in the design, implementation, and maintenance of pacemaker systems. Addressing these vulnerabilities is key for ensuring patient safety, maintaining privacy, and building trust in healthcare technology. The implications of this research extend beyond pacemaker security, emphasizing the broader importance of cybersecurity in medical devices and the importance of ongoing research and regulatory initiatives to protect patient health.
The Issues of Educational Equality in Indonesia
Authors: Hendriani Ani , Hermawan Ruswandi , Kusniasari Sofiani
Published: March 2024

Education as a pillar of nation-building is indisputable. Therefore, the realm of education holds a crucial position in the country’s development plan. The importance of providing equal access to all citizens becomes the government’s task in improving the education sector. This article aims to address the issue of educational equalization in Indonesia. Referring to educational equality, inclusive learning, and empowerment through education, the article explores concrete steps that can be taken to enhance access and quality of education nationwide, particularly in regions that may face disparities. The reference sources examined and analyzed by the author are obtained from various sources, including reference books and other studies published in both national and international journals. The study is limited to the importance of equality, what factors cause educational equality to still encounter obstacles, and what solutions can overcome these problems.
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Leaf Essential Oils of Ocimum Canum Sims Harvested at Various Times Daily
Authors: Usman L. A , Olayemi R. F.
Published: March 2024

Fresh Ocimum canum leaves were harvested five times at interval of three hours in a twelve hour-cycle daily (7:00, 10:00, 13:00, 16:00, and 19:00 hours). The leaves from each harvest were separately subjected to hydrodistillation for three hours in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The oils obtained were analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Cluster analysis was used (based on the data, select variables > 0.2% of 43 oil components from five harvest times) to classify the oils. Antioxidant potential of the oils were determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP)-Induced Lipid Peroxidation assays. The oils afforded yield in the range of 0.15-0.23% (w/w), with the highest and lowest yields observed at 7:00 and 13:00 hours respectively. A total of 23-40 compounds, representing 99.4-99.8% of the total oils were identified from their mass spectra with predominance of oxygenated monoterpenoids (50-65.7%), hydrogenated monoterpenoids accounted for 5.4-19.1%, whereas hydrogenated sesquiterpenoids constituted between 10.1-21.4% of the total oils. The most abundant compound was linalool (46.7-52.4%), other major compounds identified were terpinen-4-ol (8.5-9.5%), eugenol (1.9-10%) and trans-α-bergamotene (5.5-10.2%). Cluster analysis revealed a significant variability within the oil samples obtained from various harvest times. The oils presented a considerable antioxidant activity (IC50 of 5.45-10.87µg/ml compared with 4.05-6.11µg/ml for BHT standard) for DPPH assay; and (3.86- 5.36 µg/ml compared with 2.12-4.33 µg/ml for BHA standard) for SNP-Induced lipid peroxidation assay. The oil obtained from 10:00 hours harvest had the best antioxidant activity at IC50 for both assays. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the oils varied significantly with harvest times. The oils exhibited antioxidant property comparable to those of standards, hence could serve as cheaper and safer alternative to synthetic drugs to ameliorate oxidative stress after clinical trials.
The Influence of the Talking Stick Cooperative Learning Model in Science Subjects on the Activeness of Elementary School Students
Authors: Sasmithaningrum Talitha Destiny
Published: March 2024

There are several students who, when answering questions, especially in the subject of science given by the teacher, still feel embarrassed and fearful. Moreover, it is not only the fear of answering; some students also lack the willingness to express their opinions. Consequently, the teaching and learning activities predominantly employ lecture methods, which may not always align with the subject matter being taught. The objective of this research is to examine the influence of the cooperative learning model, specifically the Talking Stick, on the science learning activities of fifth-grade students. The research design is experimental with a pre-test and post-test group design. The researcher included the entire population of fifth-grade students, totaling 30 students, comprising 15 male and 15 female students, at SDN 1 Krembung. In this study, the researcher used a saturated sampling technique with a sample size of 30 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using a one-sample t-test. The results of the one-sample t-test indicated a ρ value of 0.00 for both pre-test and post-test results, signifying ρ < α, with α = 0.05. This indicates a difference in students' activity in solving science problems before and after utilizing the Talking Stick model. Based on the group averages, the pre-test average was 56.8, and the post-test group average was 71. Cooperative learning models are developed to achieve student performance, including academic achievement, tolerance, acceptance of diversity, and the enhancement of social skills. The primary goal of cooperative learning is to maximize student performance to improve academic achievement and understanding, both individually and as a group.
Development of iSpring 9-Based Learning Media Using Android to Increase Learning Independence in Basic Pattern Dimensions
Authors: Panerus Antika Cita , Irianti Agus Hery Supadmi , Prahastuti Endang
Published: March 2024

This research was developmental research that aimed to develop iSpring 9-based learning media using Android to increase student learning independence in basic fashion skills for Class X of SMK Negeri 2 Boyolangu, Tulungagung. The development method used the ADDIE model which includes: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. Validation was carried out by two expert validators: material experts and media experts. The data collection technique used a questionnaire. Validation results from material experts met the requirements of 85.00%, which means very valid, and the results from media experts met the requirements of 80.00%, which also means valid. A trial was conducted at the implementation stage. The results were that 34 students obtained an average score of 84.48% with very good qualifications, meaning this media is easy for students to learn. Therefore, it showed that the media is very suitable as a learning medium for pattern-making and helping students' teaching and learning process. A further developing learning media was suggested for the application to be developed and equipped with dimensions in basic fashion skills subjects following the school curriculum to sum the learning in one application.
Multi-Criteria Analysis of Selection Waste Management Development Strategy for Lubuk Binjai Landfill in Lubuk Linggau City
Authors: Ajrina Fadiah Izzah , Agustine Verlina , Fuady Shahnaz Nabila
Published: March 2024

Environmental sustainability is an urgent priority in dealing with waste management problems in Indonesian cities, one of which is Lubuk Linggau City. In the 2012-2032 Lubuk Linggau City RTRW, waste management standards have been set using the Controlled Landfill or Sanitary Landfill method, but in reality the Lubuk Binjai landfillstill adopts the Open Dumping method. This waste management not in accordance with environmentally sound waste management methods, so it is necessary to develop a waste management strategy for the Binjai Landfill. This research aims to identify priority strategies that can be applied in developing landfill waste management in Lubuk Linggau City using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Data collection was carried out by conducting interviews with key informants who were managers of the Lubuk Binjai waste disposal site. Determination of criteria and sub-criteria based on previous literature studies and determination of alternative strategies based on the Lubuk Linggau City RTRW for 2021-2032. From the results of the analysis, it shows that the prioritized strategy is the Strategy for Improving Waste Management Methods & Technology, with alternatives such as recycling processing, compost, and more sophisticated waste management technology such as controlled burning or anaerobic management. This is appropriate and crucial in overcoming problems at the Lubuk Binjai waste disposal site, that the Open Dumping method is still applied. It is hoped that the implementation of this strategy can bring positive and sustainable changes in waste management in Lubuk Linggau City.
Bayesian Intelligent Tutoring System for Vocational High Schools
Authors: Burhan Muhammad Ikhwan , Jaya Arsan Kumala , Adira Luthon
Published: March 2024

The absence of individualized tutorials during regular school hours has resulted in a suboptimal learning method at Vocational High Schools(SMK), limiting students' ability to reach their optimum competency. Several Computerized self-study systems have been created as potential solutions to these challenges. Regrettably, a notable drawback of the system lies in its failure to address students' diverse range of abilities adequately. This study presents a proposed model for an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) utilizing the Bayesian Network (BN) at Vocational High Schools. The model aims to assess students' proficiency levels and deliver skill-based instructional materials tailored to individual students' abilities. This type of research is called research and development (R&D), to develop and know the validity of a product. The system under development will undergo trials within the Computer and Network Engineering (TKJ) program at SMK Negeri 4 Gowa. These trials will employ a quasi-experimental approach, explicitly utilizing a one-group pretest-posttest design.The findings indicated that there were notable disparities in the learning outcomes of students following the implementation of the proposed ITS. To put it otherwise, the proposed ITS has improved students' proficiency in Vocational High Schools. The evaluation outcomes suggest that the BN model had a significant level of accuracy, reaching 84%.
Gamification: Strategy to Pull the Intention of DKI Jakarta Residents (Choice User) to Use Public Transportation
Authors: Siskawati Dian , Dirgahayani Puspita
Published: March 2024

The higher practice of private car use in DKI Jakarta amid the implementation of the TDM strategy that continues to be developed leads to increased traffic congestion, which in turn causes economic losses, deteriorated air quality, and an increase in acute respiratory tract infection cases. Innovation is needed in the pull strategy of DKI Jakarta residents to suppress this behavior, especially those who have (access to) private vehicles to switch to public transportation. This study tries to analyze the effect of gamification on the behavioral intentions of DKI Jakarta residents (choice users) to use public transit for their daily activities (school/college/work). Modifications to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) were carried out to investigate the influence of gamification through attitudes and behavioral control on behavioral intentions to use public transportation. The theory was tested using questionnaire data from 200 respondents with SEM-PLS analysis. The elements of points, levels, rewards, and games are used as indicators of gamification. This study shows that gamification positively and significantly affects attitudes and behavioral control. The study findings confirm the significant positive influence of attitudes on behavioral intentions to use public transportation. The results of this research can also be used as material for consideration in pull strategy (TDM) policy innovation in DKI Jakarta.
Transformative Technologies and Innovation in Climate Change Mitigation and Sustainable Environmental Stewardship. A Systematic Literature Review.
Authors: Wakasala Brian
Published: March 2024

This systematic literature review bears the objective of exploring the transformative potential of transformative technologies and innovations in climate change mitigation and environmental stewardship. The study provides an overview of the current research trends, practical implications, and implementation of transformative technology and innovation between 2018 and 2024. The methodology entailed a comprehensive search of scholarly databases resulting in the selection and analysis of the relevant studies. The findings reveal that transformative technology and innovations in mitigating climate change play a significant role in ensuring environmental stewardship and sustainability as they lower greenhouse gas emissions, reduce pollution levels, and ensure a strategic balance between profit, people, and environmental consideration in relation to natural resources exploitation. Additionally, it provides for a discussion on the benefits as well as challenges associated with the adoption of transformative technology and innovation to mitigate climate change such as cost implications. The review concludes with recommendations for future research and practical implications for the regulators and industry players.
An Algorithmic Approach in the Development of Student-Project Allocation Software
Authors: Mike Omogbhemhe Izah
Published: March 2024

The traditional way of allocating project/seminar to students in the higher institution needs to be reconsidered since project/seminar research writing is a sensitive aspect of student education in the higher institution. At the beginning of graduating session or semester, the students are required to write project/seminar on their field of study as part of requirement to complete the academic studies. Each student is allocated to a supervisor who will supervise the academic project/seminar to enhance correctness and academic acceptability of the project/seminar work. Normally in some institution, the allocation of students to the supervisor is done by the head of academic department/Unit or the project coordinator. This approach is characterized with two or more problems. Biasedness is one in the sense that the department head or the project coordinator may have interest in some students either due to academic performance of such a students or personal reasons and thereby allocate such student to him/herself. The time wastage in the allocations in order to avoid double allocation is another serious problem of the manual system. Hence, this paper presents an algorithmic approach to ameliorate the identified problems in project allocation. Using the algorithm, a system was implemented which allocated students to project supervisor, effortlessly and seamlessly.
CHALLENGES AND FACTORS AFFECTING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SME-s IN ALBANIA
Authors:   Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania, Tomorri Ilir , Keco Remzi ,   Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania
Published: March 2024

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are crucial for the economic development of a country, playing an important role in job creation, poverty alleviation and economic growth. SMEs play a major role in most economies, particularly in developing countries. SMEs account for the majority of businesses worldwide and are important contributors to job creation and global economic development. In Albania, SMEs represent more than 99% of the total number of enterprises and the percentage of employees in this sector is 82% (INSTAT, 2023). For this reason, identifying factors affecting the development of SMEs in Albania is very important, in order to take all the necessary steps to reduce barriers as well as create opportunities and facilities for supporting this sector. Small and medium-sized enterprises play an important role in the development of the national economy, influencing sustainable growth in the agriculture, services, trade, and production sectors. They are major contributors to value creation across all sectors. The development of SMEs, especially in transition countries faces several difficulties such as limited access to finance, increased competition, low research and development costs, high levels of exposure to risk, technological change, and capacity constraints related to knowledge and innovation. As an important factor for economic growth and employment, it is important to evaluate the performance of SMEs in the country as well as the constraints and challenges they face. The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the factors that affect the sustainable development of the SMEs sector. The findings of the study are relevant to government, policymakers and managers to address these challenges, to encourage and offer support to SMEs’ development through their strategies.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN AFRICA: A REVIEW OF GROWTH AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Olubusola Odeyemi  , Adedoyin Tolulope Oyewole  , Omotoya Bukola Adeoye  , Onyeka Chrisanctus Ofodile  , Wihelmina Afua Addy  , Chinwe Chinazo Okoye  , Yinka James Ololade
Published: March 2024

Entrepreneurship in Africa has emerged as a dynamic force, witnessing both remarkable growth and formidable challenges. This review delves into the multifaceted landscape of African entrepreneurship, providing insights into the key drivers of its expansion and the persistent obstacles it confronts. The growth of entrepreneurship in Africa is propelled by a confluence of factors. A burgeoning population, coupled with increasing urbanization and connectivity, has created a fertile ground for business innovation. Government initiatives and international partnerships have also played pivotal roles, fostering an environment conducive to entrepreneurial endeavors. Notably, a rising culture of innovation and a wave of tech-driven startups are contributing to the continent's economic diversification. However, this entrepreneurial surge coexists with a host of challenges that demand attention. Infrastructure deficiencies, including unreliable power supply and inadequate transportation networks, hamper the operational efficiency of businesses. Limited access to financing remains a pervasive issue, hindering the potential of aspiring entrepreneurs to transform their ideas into viable enterprises. Regulatory complexities, bureaucratic hurdles, and political instability further complicate the entrepreneurial landscape. Navigating the intricate socio-economic fabric of Africa, entrepreneurs face unique cultural and contextual challenges. Disparities in education and skill levels pose barriers to entry, requiring a concerted effort to bridge gaps and empower a diverse pool of aspiring business leaders. Recognizing the significance of inclusivity, the Review emphasizes the need for tailored support mechanisms to address the specific needs of women and marginalized communities in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. In conclusion, this Review presents a nuanced overview of entrepreneurship in Africa, acknowledging its growth drivers while addressing the complex challenges that entrepreneurs encounter. It underscores the imperative for comprehensive strategies that not only foster a conducive environment for business growth but also address the diverse and context-specific impediments to entrepreneurial success. By embracing the dual facets of growth and challenges, Africa can unlock its entrepreneurial potential and pave the way for sustainable economic development.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Growth, challenges, Review, Urbanization.
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR SAFETY AND RISK MITIGATION IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY: A REVIEW
Authors: Adedoyin Tolulope Oyewole  , Chinwe Chinazo Okoye  , Onyeka Chrisanctus Ofodile  , Olubusola Odeyemi  , Omotoya Bukola Adeoye  , Wihelmina Afua Addy  , Yinka James Ololade
Published: March 2024

The oil and gas industry is renowned for its inherent operational risks and complex safety challenges, necessitating robust Human Resource Management (HRM) strategies for effective safety measures and risk mitigation. This comprehensive review explores the evolving landscape of HRM practices within the oil and gas sector, focusing on their pivotal role in enhancing workplace safety and reducing operational risks. The review delves into the dynamic nature of the oil and gas industry, characterized by hazardous work environments, intricate technological processes, and a global workforce. Analyzing existing literature and case studies, the paper underscores the critical need for HRM strategies that prioritize safety culture, employee training, and proactive risk management. Key aspects include recruitment and selection processes tailored to identify candidates with a strong safety mindset, ongoing training programs to enhance competencies and awareness, and the establishment of a safety-centric organizational culture. Furthermore, the review examines the integration of technology and data analytics in HRM practices within the oil and gas sector. The utilization of advanced technologies for personnel training, real-time monitoring, and predictive analytics is discussed as a means to pre-emptively identify potential safety risks and proactively address them. Additionally, the paper highlights the importance of fostering communication and collaboration among employees, emphasizing the role of HRM in facilitating a transparent and open reporting culture. The findings of this review contribute to a deeper understanding of the multifaceted role played by HRM in promoting safety and mitigating risks within the oil and gas industry. As the industry continues to evolve, the adoption of innovative HRM strategies becomes imperative for organizations seeking to maintain a secure and resilient operational environment while safeguarding the well-being of their workforce.

Keywords:  HR, Management, Safety, Risk Mitigation, Oil and Gas, Industry, Review.
ENHANCING GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS OF U.S. SMES THROUGH SUSTAINABLE FINANCE: A REVIEW AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Authors: Adedoyin Tolulope Oyewole  , Omotayo Bukola Adeoye  , Wilhelmina Afua Addy  , Chinwe Chinazo Okoye  , Onyeka Chrisanctus Ofodile
Published: March 2024

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role in the economic fabric of the United States, contributing significantly to employment generation, innovation, and economic growth. Amidst increasing globalization and growing environmental concerns, the imperative for SMEs to enhance their global competitiveness while embracing sustainability has become paramount. Sustainable finance offers a promising avenue for achieving these dual objectives by integrating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria into financial decision-making processes. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature on enhancing the global competitiveness of U.S. SMEs through sustainable finance, while also suggesting future directions for research and practice. The review highlights the growing importance of sustainability considerations in finance and the evolving landscape of sustainable finance instruments available to SMEs. It underscores the potential benefits of integrating sustainability into SME financing, including improved risk management, enhanced access to capital, increased market competitiveness, and positive environmental and social impacts. Furthermore, the review examines the challenges and barriers faced by SMEs in adopting sustainable finance practices, such as lack of awareness, limited access to expertise, and perceived costs. In proposing future directions, the paper emphasizes the need for targeted research to address the specific needs and constraints of SMEs in sustainable finance adoption. This includes exploring innovative financial instruments tailored to SMEs, enhancing financial literacy and awareness among SMEs, fostering collaboration between financial institutions, policymakers, and SMEs, and leveraging technology for scalable and cost-effective solutions. Ultimately, the paper advocates for a holistic approach that recognizes the interplay between financial, environmental, and social factors in driving SME competitiveness. By embracing sustainable finance, U.S. SMEs can not only enhance their global competitiveness but also contribute to broader societal and environmental goals, thereby fostering a more resilient and inclusive economy.

Keywords: Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Sustainable Finance, Global Competitiveness, Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG), Financial Inclusion, Innovation, Economic Growth.
STRATEGIES AND OUTCOMES OF CORPORATE SOCIAL INVESTMENT IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY: A REVIEW
Authors: Stella Emeka-Okoli  , Tochukwu Chinwuba Nwankwo  , Christiana Adanma Otonnah  , Ekene Ezinwa Nwankwo
Published: March 2024

Corporate Social Investment (CSI) in the oil and gas industry has become increasingly important for companies seeking to demonstrate their commitment to social responsibility and sustainability. This review provides an overview of the strategies and outcomes associated with CSI in the oil and gas sector, highlighting key findings from a comprehensive review of existing literature. The review explores various strategies employed by oil and gas companies to engage in CSI initiatives, including community development projects, environmental conservation efforts, and partnerships with local stakeholders. It also examines the outcomes of these initiatives, focusing on their impact on communities, the environment, and the companies themselves. Key findings indicate that effective CSI strategies in the oil and gas industry involve a combination of financial investment, stakeholder engagement, and sustainable development practices. Companies that prioritize long-term partnerships with local communities and actively involve them in decision-making processes tend to achieve better outcomes in terms of social and environmental impact. Furthermore, the review highlights the importance of measuring and reporting on the outcomes of CSI initiatives to demonstrate accountability and transparency. Companies that are able to effectively communicate the social and environmental benefits of their CSI efforts are more likely to enhance their reputation and build trust with stakeholders. Overall, the review suggests that CSI can play a crucial role in enhancing the social license to operate for oil and gas companies, contributing to sustainable development and positive outcomes for communities and the environment.

Keywords:  Strategies, Outcomes, Corporate Social Investment, Oil and Gas, Industry.
INTEGRATING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS INTO OIL & GAS OPERATIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Authors: Stella Emeka-Okoli  , Tochukwu Chinwuba Nwankwo  , Christiana Adanma Otonnah  , Ekene Ezinwa Nwankwo
Published: March 2024

The integration of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into oil and gas operations represents a critical pathway towards achieving environmental sustainability, social responsibility, and economic viability within the industry. This comprehensive review examines the methodologies, challenges, and successes of incorporating the United Nations’ SDGs into the operational frameworks of oil and gas companies. It seeks to elucidate the strategic alignments and operational adjustments necessary for the industry to contribute effectively to the global sustainability agenda. The review begins by outlining the relevance of each of the 17 SDGs to the oil and gas sector, highlighting specific goals where the industry has a significant impact, such as affordable and clean energy (SDG 7), decent work and economic growth (SDG 8), industry, innovation, and infrastructure (SDG 9), and climate action (SDG 13). It further explores the dual role of the oil and gas sector in both contributing to and mitigating against environmental challenges, underscoring the importance of transitioning towards more sustainable practices. Subsequently, the paper presents various strategies and initiatives oil and gas companies have adopted to integrate SDGs into their operations. These include enhancing energy efficiency, investing in renewable energy sources, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving safety standards, and fostering community engagement and economic development. The review critically assesses the effectiveness of these strategies, drawing on case studies and empirical data to highlight progress and identify areas for improvement. Moreover, the review addresses the challenges faced by the industry in aligning with the SDGs, such as technological limitations, regulatory hurdles, financial constraints, and the need for cultural change within organizations. It emphasizes the role of innovation, collaboration, and governance in overcoming these challenges. Finally, the review offers recommendations for oil and gas companies seeking to advance their contribution to the SDGs. It argues for a holistic approach that integrates sustainability into core business strategies, promotes transparency and accountability, and leverages partnerships with governments, civil society, and other industries. By doing so, the oil and gas sector can play a pivotal role in driving global progress towards sustainable development.

Keywords:  Integrating, Sustainable, Development goals, Oli and Gas, Operations.
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF FOSTERING INCLUSIVITY AND EMPOWERMENT FOR PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED INDIVIDUALS THROUGH ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT IN UNDERSERVED AREAS IN THE U.S
Authors: Justice Chika Igbokwe
Published: March 2024

This concept paper delves into the philosophical underpinnings of fostering inclusivity and empowerment for physically challenged individuals in underserved areas of the United States. It outlines a framework centered on ethical leadership and community engagement as catalysts for meaningful change. At its core, this paper recognizes the inherent dignity and rights of every individual, regardless of physical ability, and seeks to address the systemic barriers that impede their full participation in society. By embracing principles of inclusivity and empowerment, we aim to create environments where all members feel valued, respected, and equipped to thrive. Through ethical leadership, characterized by integrity, empathy, and accountability, we propose to drive institutional and societal transformations. Leaders must not only champion the cause of inclusivity but also actively engage with diverse stakeholders to understand their unique needs and perspectives. This approach fosters a culture of collaboration and mutual respect, laying the groundwork for sustainable progress.  Community engagement plays a pivotal role in this endeavor, as local contexts shape the experiences and opportunities available to physically challenged individuals. By mobilizing communities to co-create solutions and leverage existing resources, we can ensure that interventions are tailored to specific needs and yield tangible outcomes. Empowering communities to take ownership of inclusion initiatives promotes sustainability and fosters a sense of collective responsibility. Moreover, this paper underscores the ethical imperative of prioritizing the voices and agency of physically challenged individuals themselves. Their lived experiences serve as invaluable insights, guiding the development and implementation of inclusive policies and practices. By centering their perspectives, we honor their autonomy and dignity, while also fostering a culture of empathy and solidarity. This concept paper advocates for a holistic approach to fostering inclusivity and empowerment for physically challenged individuals in underserved areas of the U.S. By embracing ethical leadership principles and engaging communities as active partners, we can dismantle barriers, cultivate belonging, and unlock the full potential of every individual, creating a more just and equitable society for all.

Keywords:  Physical, Involvement, Individuals, Inclusion, Challenge, Diversity.
NAVIGATING THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION JOURNEY: STRATEGIES FOR STARTUP GROWTH AND INNOVATION IN THE DIGITAL ERA
Authors: Olorunyomi Stephen Joel  , Adedoyin Tolulope Oyewole  , Olusegun Gbenga Odunaiya  , Oluwatobi Timothy Soyombo
Published: March 2024

In today's fast-paced digital landscape, startups face unprecedented challenges and opportunities in navigating the complex journey of digital transformation. This review explores key strategies essential for startup growth and innovation amidst the evolving digital era. Firstly, understanding the dynamics of digital transformation is crucial. Startups must recognize the profound impact of technological advancements on consumer behavior, market trends, and industry landscapes. By embracing digitalization as a strategic imperative rather than a mere operational enhancement, startups can leverage emerging technologies to drive innovation and gain competitive advantage. Secondly, agility and adaptability are paramount. Startups must cultivate a culture of flexibility and resilience to swiftly respond to changing market demands and technological disruptions. Embracing iterative approaches such as Agile and Lean methodologies enables startups to iterate quickly, experiment with new ideas, and pivot when necessary. Moreover, fostering a customer-centric mindset is indispensable. Startups must prioritize understanding customer needs, preferences, and pain points to deliver personalized experiences and create value-added solutions. Leveraging data analytics and customer feedback loops empowers startups to make data-driven decisions and continuously enhance their products or services. Additionally, collaboration and ecosystem engagement are instrumental in driving startup success in the digital era. Partnering with other startups, industry incumbents, academia, and governmental organizations fosters knowledge exchange, resource sharing, and access to new markets or funding opportunities. In conclusion, startups embarking on the digital transformation journey must adopt a holistic approach that encompasses technological innovation, organizational agility, customer-centricity, and collaborative ecosystems. By doing so, startups can navigate the complexities of the digital era, achieve sustainable growth, and unlock new avenues for innovation and market disruption.

Keywords:  Digital Transformation, Startup, Growth, Innovation, Digital Era, Review.