bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Secure Encryption of Biomedical Images Based on Arneodo Chaotic System with the Lowest Fractional-Order Value
Authors: Emin Berkay , Akgul Akif , Horasan Fahrettin , Gokyildirim Abdullah , Calgan Haris , Volos Christos
Published: May 2024

Fractional-order (FO) chaotic systems exhibit richer and more complex dynamic behaviors compared to integer-order ones. This inherent richness and complexity enhance the security of FO chaotic systems against various attacks in image cryptosystems. In the present study, a comprehensive examination of the dynamical characteristics of the fractional-order Arneodo (FOAR) system with cubic nonlinearity is conducted. This investigation involves the analysis of phase planes, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponential spectra, and spectral entropy. Numerical studies show that the Arneodo chaotic system exhibits chaotic behavior when the lowest fractional-order (FO) value is set to 0.55. In this context, the aim is to securely encrypt biomedical images based on the Arneodo chaotic system with the lowest FO value using the Nvidia Jetson Nano development board. However, though the lowest FO system offers enhanced security in biomedical image encryption due to its richer dynamic behaviors, it necessitates careful consideration of the trade-off between high memory requirements and increasing complexity in encryption algorithms. Within the scope of the study, a novel random number generator (RNG) is designed using the FOAR chaotic system. The randomness of the random numbers is proven by using internationally accepted NIST 800-22 and ENT test suites. A biomedical image encryption application is developed using pseudo-random numbers. The images obtained as a result of the application are evaluated with tests such as histogram, correlation, differential attack, and entropy analyses. As a result of the study, it has been shown that encryption and decryption of biomedical images can be successfully performed on a mobile Nvidia Jetson Nano development card in a secure and fast manner.
A High-Performance Non-Indexed Text Search System
Authors: Kieu-Do-Nguyen Binh , Dang Tuan-Kiet , The Binh Nguyen , Pham-Quoc Cuong , Phuc Nghi Huynh , Tran Ngoc-Thinh , Inoue Katsumi , Pham Cong-Kha , Hoang Trong-Thuc
Published: May 2024

Full-text search has a wide range of applications, including tracking systems, computer vision, and natural language processing. Standard methods usually implement a two-phase procedure: indexing and retrieving, with the retrieval performance entirely dependent on the index efficiency. In most cases, the more powerful the index algorithm, the more memory and processing time are required. The amount of time and memory required to index a collection of documents is proportional to its overall size. In this paper, we propose a full-text search hardware implementation without the indexing phase, thus removing the time and memory requirements for indexing. Additionally, we propose an efficient design to leverage the parallel architecture of High Bandwidth Memory (HBM). To our knowledge, few (if not zero) researchers have integrated their full-text search system with an effective data access control on HBM. The functionality of the proposed system is verified on the Xilinx Alveo U50 Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The experimental results show that our system achieved a throughput of 8 Gigabytes per second, about 6697× speed-up compared to other software-based approaches.
Motion Coordination of Multiple Autonomous Mobile Robots under Hard and Soft Constraints
Authors: Anogiatis Spyridon , Trakas Panagiotis S. , Bechlioulis Charalampos P.
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a distributed approach to the motion control problem for a platoon of unicycle robots moving through an unknown environment filled with static obstacles under multiple hard and soft operational constraints. Each robot has an onboard camera to determine its relative position in relation to its predecessor and proximity sensors to detect and avoid nearby obstascles. Moreover, no robot apart from the leader can independently localize itself within the given workspace. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel distributed control protocol for each robot of the fleet, utilizing the Adaptive Performance Control (APC) methodology. By utilizing the APC approach to address input constraints via the on-line modification of the error specifications, we ensure that each follower effectively tracks its predecessor without encountering collisions with obstacles, while simultaneously maintaining visual contact with its preceding robot, thus ensuring the inter-robot visual connectivity. Finally, extensive simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented control system along with a real-time experiment conducted on an actual robotic system to validate the feasibility of the proposed approach in real-world scenarios.
Automatic Modulation Recognition Method Based on Phase Transformation and Deep Residual Shrinkage Network
Authors: Chen Hao , Guo Wenpu , Kang Kai , Hu Guojie
Published: May 2024

Automatic Modulation Recognition (AMR) is currently a research hotspot, and research under low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) conditions still poses certain challenges. This paper proposes an AMR method based on phase transformation and deep residual shrinkage network to improve recognition accuracy. Firstly, the raw I/Q data from the benchmark dataset RML2016.10a are used as the input. Then, an end-to-end modulation recognition is performed using the model. Phase transformation is used to correct the raw I/Q data and reduce the interference of phase shift on modulation recognition. Convolutional neural network (CNN) and Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU) extract the spatial and temporal features of the modulation signal, respectively. The improved deep residual shrinkage network is added after CNN to eliminate unimportant features through soft thresholding. Finally, the proposed model is trained and tested. The experimental results show that the proposed model notably reduces the number of parameters compared to other models, effectively improving the recognition accuracy under low SNR conditions. The average recognition accuracy reaches 62.46%, and the highest recognition accuracy reaches 92.41%.
Using Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming to Solve the Multi-Stage Energy Management Problem in Microgrids
Authors: Tabares Alejandra , Cortés Pablo
Published: May 2024

In recent years, the adoption of renewable energy sources has significantly increased due to their numerous advantages, which include environmental sustainability and economic viability. However, the management of electric microgrids presents complex challenges, particularly in the orchestration of energy production and consumption under the uncertainty of fluctuating meteorological conditions. This study aims to enhance decision-making processes within energy management systems specifically designed for microgrids that are interconnected with primary grids, addressing the stochastic and dynamic nature of energy generation and consumption patterns among microgrid users. The research incorporates stochastic models for energy pricing in transactions with the main grid and probabilistic representations of energy generation and demand. This comprehensive methodology allows for an accurate depiction of the volatile dynamics prevalent in the energy markets, which are critical in influencing microgrid operational performance. The application of the Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming (SDDP) algorithm within a multi-stage adaptive framework for microgrids is evaluated for its effectiveness compared to deterministic approaches. The SDDP algorithm is utilized to develop robust strategies for managing the energy requirements of 1, 2, and 12 prosumers over a 24 h planning horizon. A comparative analysis against the precise solutions obtained from dynamic programming via Monte Carlo simulations indicates a strong congruence between the strategies proposed by the SDDP algorithm and the optimal solutions. The results provide significant insights into the optimization of energy management systems in microgrid settings, emphasizing improvements in operational performance and cost reduction.
Deep Neural Network-Based Smart Grid Stability Analysis: Enhancing Grid Resilience and Performance
Authors: Lahon Pranobjyoti , Kandali Aditya Bihar , Barman Utpal , Konwar Ruhit Jyoti , Saha Debdeep , Saikia Manob Jyoti
Published: May 2024

With the surge in population growth, the demand for electricity has escalated, necessitating efficient solutions to enhance the reliability and security of electrical systems. Smart grids, functioning as self-sufficient systems, offer a promising avenue by facilitating bi-directional communication between producers and consumers. Ensuring the stability and predictability of smart grid operations is paramount to evaluating their efficacy and usability. Machine learning emerges as a crucial tool for decision-making amidst fluctuating consumer demand and power supplies, thereby bolstering the stability and reliability of smart grids. This study explores the performance of various machine learning classifiers in predicting the stability of smart grid systems. Utilizing a smart grid dataset obtained from the University of California’s machine learning repository, classifiers such as logistic regression (LR), XGBoost, linear support vector machine (Linear SVM), and SVM with radial basis function (SVM-RBF) were evaluated. Evaluation metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, were employed to assess classifier performance. The results demonstrate high accuracy across all models, with the Deep Neural Network (DNN) model achieving the highest accuracy of 99.5%. Additionally, LR, linear SVM, and SVM-RBF exhibited comparable accuracy levels of 98.9%, highlighting their efficacy in smart grid stability prediction. These findings underscore the utility of machine learning techniques in enhancing the reliability and efficiency of smart grid systems.
The Influence of the Mining Operation Environment on the Energy Consumption and Technical Availability of Truck Haulage Operations in Surface Mines
Authors: Bodziony Przemysław , Patyk Michał
Published: May 2024

This paper presents an analysis of the impact of selected parameters of the operating environment on the energy consumption and reliability of haulage in surface mining. The analysis is based on a cyclic haulage system in a limestone open pit. The results of the calculations show that maintaining the operating environment in good technical condition has a positive effect on the haulage process and a direct or indirect effect on the operating costs, the analysis of which is also presented in the main body of the article. The analysis was carried out for a full year’s production, taking into account actual operating and maintenance downtime. The results of similar analyses can be used as a basis for deciding on the type of truck to be used for transport or for reconfiguring transport routes. In addition to the economic and operational aspects of energy consumption and reliability, the environmental aspect cannot be overlooked. The comparison of two variants of mining conditions shows that a modification of the haul road surface leads to a significant reduction in fuel consumption. Depending on the type of vehicle, fuel consumption can be reduced by almost 20%. The potential reduction in fuel consumption directly translates into lower exhaust emissions, which is an important element of an environmentally sustainable approach to mining transport, and greater reliability increases efficiency and reduces the carbon footprint of the vehicle.
Continuum Modeling of Slightly Wet Fluidization with Electrical Capacitance Tomograph Validation
Authors: Makkawi Yassir , Yu Xi , Ocone Raffaella , Generalis Sotos
Published: May 2024

Gas–solid fluidized bed reactors are widely used in the power generation industry. The critical effect of the presence of liquid phase, either as a result of heat, chemical reaction or physical interaction, on the hydrodynamics of the reactor is well recognized by academic researchers and industrial operators. However, theory and simulation frameworks to predict such a condition using the continuum modeling approach are not yet available. This study first shows the significant changes in the flow pattern and distinguishable flow regimes in a slightly wet fluidized bed recorded by an advanced imaging technique. The study then describes the development and implementation of new mathematical formulations for wet particle-particle interactions in a continuum model based on the classic kinetic theory of granular flow (KTGF). Quantitative validation, carried out by comparing the predicted and measured fluidization index (FI) expressed in terms of pressure drop, has shown a good match. The prediction also demonstrates increased bubble splitting, gas channeling, slugging fluidization, and energy dissipation induced by liquid bridges developing from wet particle interactions. These characteristics are similar to those commonly observed in the fluidization of cohesive powders. This model constitutes an important step in extending the continuum theories of dry flow to wet particle-particle interactions. This will allow accurate description and simulation of the fluidized bed in its widest application including power generation systems that involve wet particle fluidization.
Mixed Riccati–Lyapunov Balanced Truncation for Order Reduction of Electrical Circuit Systems
Authors: Dao Huy-Du , Nguyen Thanh-Tung , Vu Ngoc-Kien , Vu Hong-Son , Nguyen Hong-Quang
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes a novel algorithm, termed Mixed Riccati–Lyapunov Balanced Truncation (MRLBT), tailored for order reduction of Linear Time-Invariant Continuous-Time Descriptor Systems (LTI-CTD), commonly encountered in electrical and electronic circuit modeling. The MRLBT approach synergistically combines the advantages of balanced truncation (BT) and positive-real balanced truncation (PRBT) techniques while mitigating their limitations. Unlike BT, which preserves stability but not passivity, and PRBT, which retains passivity at the expense of larger reduction errors, MRLBT ensures the preservation of both stability and passivity inherent in the original system. Additionally, MRLBT achieves reduced computational complexity and minimized order reduction errors compared to PRBT. The proposed algorithm transforms the system into an equivalent Mixed Riccati–Lyapunov Balanced form, enabling the construction of a reduced-order model that retains the critical physical properties. Theoretical analysis and proofs are provided, establishing an upper bound on the global order reduction error. The efficacy of MRLBT is demonstrated through a numerical example involving an RLC ladder network, showcasing its superior performance over BT and PRBT in terms of reduced errors in the time and frequency domains.
Comparative Analysis of Spillover Effects in the Global Stock Market under Normal and Extreme Market Conditions
Authors: Liu Qiang , Xu Chen , Xie Jane
Published: May 2024

Using the volatility spillover index method based on the quantile vector autoregression (QVAR) model, this paper systematically examines structural changes and corresponding spillover effects within 20 major stock markets under both extreme and normal market conditions, using data spanning from January 2005 to January 2023. The results show that, compared to the traditional volatility spillover index method, which focuses mainly on average spillover effects, the QVAR model-based spillover index better captures spillover effects under extreme and various market conditions among global stock markets. The connections between stock markets are closer in extreme market conditions. The total spillover index of major global stock markets significantly increases in extreme conditions compared to normal conditions. In extreme market conditions, inflow indices show varying degrees of increase, with emerging economy stock markets displaying more significant increases. The outflow indices exhibit heterogeneity; emerging economies show consistent increases, while developed economies show mixed changes.
Development of a New Binary Matrix for the Comprehensive Analysis of Lipids and Pigments in Micro- and Macroalgae Using MALDI-ToF/ToF Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Bianco Mariachiara , Ventura Giovanni , Coniglio Davide , Monopoli Antonio , Losito Ilario , Cataldi Tommaso R. I. , Calvano Cosima D.
Published: May 2024

While edible algae might seem low in fat, the lipids they contain are crucial for good health and preventing chronic diseases. This study introduces a binary matrix to analyze all the polar lipids in both macroalgae (Wakame—Undaria pinnatifida, Dulse—Palmaria palmata, and Nori—Porphyra spp.) and microalgae (Spirulina—Arthrospira platensis, and Chlorella—Chlorella vulgaris) using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). The key lies in a new dual matrix made by combining equimolar amounts of 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) and 9-aminoacridine (9AA). This combination solves the limitations of single matrices: 9AA is suitable for sulfur-containing lipids and acidic phospholipids, while DAN excels as an electron-transfer secondary reaction matrix for intact chlorophylls and their derivatives. By employing the equimolar binary matrix, a wider range of algal lipids, including free fatty acids, phospholipids, glycolipids, pigments, and even rare arsenosugarphospholipids were successfully detected, overcoming drawbacks related to ion suppression from readily ionizable lipids. The resulting mass spectra exhibited a good signal-to-noise ratio at a lower laser fluence and minimized background noise. This improvement stems from the binary matrix’s ability to mitigate in-source decay effects, a phenomenon often encountered for certain matrices. Consequently, the data obtained are more reliable, facilitating a faster and more comprehensive exploration of algal lipidomes using high-throughput MALDI-MS/MS analysis.
The Prevalence, Characteristics, and Putative Mechanisms of Dual Antigen-Positive Membranous Nephropathy: The Underestimated Condition
Authors: Uchida Takahiro , Oda Takashi
Published: May 2024

Following the discovery of podocyte phospholipase A2 receptor and thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A, various potential target antigens for membranous nephropathy (MN) have been reported one after another. MN target antigens have now been identified in a significant proportion of patients, and a new classification framework classifies patients with MN based on the detected antigen and associated disease phenotype. A serology-based approach that does not require a histological diagnosis for patients suspected of having MN has also been proposed. However, there have been cases in which dual positivity for MN antigens and/or corresponding antibodies has been shown. Importantly, some of them showed a transition of the affected patient’s immune responses to MN antigens, suggesting that serological diagnosis changes depending on the timing of the analysis. In this review, we provide detailed information on these cases and present an overview of our recent understanding of their putative mechanisms involved in these cases. Greater awareness is required to adequately recognize and develop appropriate therapeutic strategies for this condition.
Differential Roles of Key Brain Regions: Ventral Tegmental Area, Locus Coeruleus, Dorsal Raphe, Nucleus Accumbens, Caudate Nucleus, and Prefrontal Cortex in Regulating Response to Methylphenidate: Insights from Neuronal and Behavioral Studies in Freely Behaving Rats
Authors: Dafny Nachum , Claussen Catherine , Frazier Emilee , Liu Yin
Published: May 2024

A total of 3102 neurons were recorded before and following acute and chronic methylphenidate (MPD) administration. Acute MPD exposure elicits mainly increases in neuronal and behavioral activity in dose–response characteristics. The response to chronic MPD exposure, as compared to acute 0.6, 2.5, or 10.0 mg/kg MPD administration, elicits electrophysiological and behavioral sensitization in some animals and electrophysiological and behavioral tolerance in others when the neuronal recording evaluations were performed based on the animals’ behavioral responses, or amount of locomotor activity, to chronic MPD exposure. The majority of neurons recorded from those expressing behavioral sensitization responded to chronic MPD with further increases in firing rate as compared to the initial MPD responses. The majority of neurons recorded from animals expressing behavioral tolerance responded to chronic MPD with decreases in their firing rate as compared to the initial MPD exposures. Each of the six brain areas studied—the ventral tegmental area, locus coeruleus, dorsal raphe, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, and caudate nucleus (VTA, LC, DR, NAc, PFC, and CN)—responds significantly (p < 0.001) differently to MPD, suggesting that each one of the above brain areas exhibits different roles in the response to MPD. Moreover, this study demonstrates that it is essential to evaluate neuronal activity responses to psychostimulants based on the animals’ behavioral responses to acute and chronic effects of the drug from several brain areas simultaneously to obtain accurate information on each area’s role in response to the drug.
Zebrafish Congenital Heart Disease Models: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Yang Dixuan , Jian Zhenjie , Tang Changfa , Chen Zhanglin , Zhou Zuoqiong , Zheng Lan , Peng Xiyang
Published: May 2024

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are common human birth defects. Genetic mutations potentially cause the exhibition of various pathological phenotypes associated with CHDs, occurring alone or as part of certain syndromes. Zebrafish, a model organism with a strong molecular conservation similar to humans, is commonly used in studies on cardiovascular diseases owing to its advantageous features, such as a similarity to human electrophysiology, transparent embryos and larvae for observation, and suitability for forward and reverse genetics technology, to create various economical and easily controlled zebrafish CHD models. In this review, we outline the pros and cons of zebrafish CHD models created by genetic mutations associated with single defects and syndromes and the underlying pathogenic mechanism of CHDs discovered in these models. The challenges of zebrafish CHD models generated through gene editing are also discussed, since the cardiac phenotypes resulting from a single-candidate pathological gene mutation in zebrafish might not mirror the corresponding human phenotypes. The comprehensive review of these zebrafish CHD models will facilitate the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of CHDs and offer new opportunities for their treatments and intervention strategies.
Melatonin-Regulated Chaperone Binding Protein Plays a Key Role in Cadmium Stress Tolerance in Rice, Revealed by the Functional Characterization of a Novel Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase 3 (SNAT3) in Rice
Authors: Lee Hyoung-Yool , Back Kyoungwhan
Published: May 2024

The study of the mechanisms by which melatonin protects against cadmium (Cd) toxicity in plants is still in its infancy, particularly at the molecular level. In this study, the gene encoding a novel serotonin N-acetyltransferase 3 (SNAT3) in rice, a pivotal enzyme in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway, was cloned. Rice (Oryza sativa) OsSNAT3 is the first identified plant ortholog of archaeon Thermoplasma volcanium SNAT. The purified recombinant OsSNAT3 catalyzed the conversion of serotonin and 5-methoxytryptamine to N-acetylserotonin and melatonin, respectively. The suppression of OsSNAT3 by RNAi led to a decline in endogenous melatonin levels followed by a reduction in Cd tolerance in transgenic RNAi rice lines. In addition, the expression levels of genes encoding the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones BiP3, BiP4, and BiP5 were much lower in RNAi lines than in the wild type. In transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsSNAT3 (SNAT3-OE), however, melatonin levels were higher than in wild-type plants. SNAT3-OE plants also tolerated Cd stress, as indicated by seedling growth, malondialdehyde, and chlorophyll levels. BiP4 expression was much higher in the SNAT3-OE lines than in the wild type. These results indicate that melatonin engineering could help crops withstand Cd stress, resulting in high yields in Cd-contaminated fields.
Robust Photocatalytic MICROSCAFS® with Interconnected Macropores for Sustainable Solar-Driven Water Purification
Authors: Vale Mário , Barrocas Beatriz T. , Serôdio Rita M. N. , Oliveira M. Conceição , Lopes José M. , Marques Ana C.
Published: May 2024

Advanced oxidation processes, including photocatalysis, have been proven effective at organic dye degradation. Tailored porous materials with regulated pore size, shape, and morphology offer a sustainable solution to the water pollution problem by acting as support materials to grafted photocatalytic nanoparticles (NPs). This research investigated the influence of pore and particle sizes of photocatalytic MICROSCAFS® on the degradation of methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solution (10 mg/L). Photocatalytic MICROSCAFS® are made of binder-less supported P25 TiO2 NPs within MICROSCAFS®, which are silica–titania microspheres with a controlled size and interconnected macroporosity, synthesized by an adapted sol–gel method that involves a polymerization-induced phase separation process. Photocatalytic experiments were performed both in batch and flow reactors, with this latter one targeting a proof of concept for continuous transformation processes and real-life conditions. Photocatalytic degradation of 87% in 2 h (batch) was achieved, using a calibrated solar light simulator (1 sun) and a photocatalyst/pollutant mass ratio of 23. This study introduces a novel flow kinetic model which provides the modeling and simulation of the photocatalytic MICROSCAFS® performance. A scavenger study was performed, enabling an in-depth mechanistic understanding. Finally, the transformation products resulting from the MO photocatalytic degradation were elucidated by high-resolution mass spectrometry experiments and subjected to an in silico toxicity assessment.
Sex-Based Mechanisms of Cardiac Development and Function: Applications for Induced-Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived-Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Luo Yinhan , Safabakhsh Sina , Palumbo Alessia , Fiset Céline , Shen Carol , Parker Jeremy , Foster Leonard J. , Laksman Zachary
Published: May 2024

Males and females exhibit intrinsic differences in the structure and function of the heart, while the prevalence and severity of cardiovascular disease vary in the two sexes. However, the mechanisms of this sex-based dimorphism are yet to be elucidated. Sex chromosomes and sex hormones are the main contributors to sex-based differences in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. In recent years, the advances in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac models and multi-omic approaches have enabled a more comprehensive understanding of the sex-specific differences in the human heart. Here, we provide an overview of the roles of these two factors throughout cardiac development and explore the sex hormone signaling pathways involved. We will also discuss how the employment of stem cell-based cardiac models and single-cell RNA sequencing help us further investigate sex differences in healthy and diseased hearts.
Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 Regulation in Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Paediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Opoka-Winiarska Violetta , Grywalska Ewelina , Morawska-Michalska Izabela , Korona-Głowniak Izabela , Kądziołka Olga , Gosik Krzysztof , Majchrzak Adam , Rahnama-Hezavah Mansur , Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej Paulina
Published: May 2024

The role of programmed death cell protein 1 (PD-1) has already been described in a range of various diseases, including COVID-19. This study provides new, innovative data, related to the expression of PD-1 and the risk of Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome, temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (PIMS-TS)—a rare, but potentially life-threatening complication of COVID-19. In this study, we evaluated the expression of PD-1 protein in patients with PIMS. Blood samples were taken from patients at the time of diagnosis (n = 33), after 6 weeks (n = 33), 3 months (n = 24), 6 months (n = 24) and 12 months (n = 8). The immunophenotypes were evaluated in flow cytometry. The control group consisted of 35 healthy children with negative SARS-CoV-2 antigen/PCR test, who were asymptomatic and had no history of allergic, autoimmune or oncological diseases. The associations between immunophenotypes, biochemical findings and clinical data were analysed. Significant increases in the expression of PD-1 for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, compared to the control group, were observed in the day of admission, with a gradual decrease during the first weeks from initiation of treatment. This study sheds new light on the pathogenesis of PIMS-TS, emphasizing the role of PD-1 protein. Future research is essential for early risk prediction in SARS-CoV-2 patients and for devising effective clinical prevention and management strategies.
Epigenetics in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Critical Overview
Authors: Villa Chiara , Combi Romina
Published: May 2024

Epigenetic modifications have been implicated in a number of complex diseases as well as being a hallmark of organismal aging. Several reports have indicated an involvement of these changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk and progression, most likely contributing to the dysregulation of AD-related gene expression measured by DNA methylation studies. Given that DNA methylation is tissue-specific and that AD is a brain disorder, the limitation of these studies is the ability to identify clinically useful biomarkers in a proxy tissue, reflective of the tissue of interest, that would be less invasive, more cost-effective, and easily obtainable. The age-related DNA methylation changes have also been used to develop different generations of epigenetic clocks devoted to measuring the aging in different tissues that sometimes suggests an age acceleration in AD patients. This review critically discusses epigenetic changes and aging measures as potential biomarkers for AD detection, prognosis, and progression. Given that epigenetic alterations are chemically reversible, treatments aiming at reversing these modifications will be also discussed as promising therapeutic strategies for AD.
Design of Ratio-Fluorescence Nanohybrid Based on Radix Hedysari Green-Synthesized CDs and GSH-AuNCs for Sensitive Detection of Cefodizime Sodium in Urine Sample
Authors: Guo Yan-Xin , Guo Xin-Ran , Chen Xin-Yue
Published: May 2024

A dual-emission ratio-fluorescent sensing nanohybrid based on Radix Hedysari green-synthesized carbon quantum dots (CDs) and glutathione-functionalized gold nanoclusters (GSH-AuNCs) had been developed for the determination of cefodizime sodium (CDZM). The designed fluorescence nanohybrid had two significant fluorescence emission peaks at 458 nm and 569 nm when excited at 360 nm, which was attributed to the CDs and GSH-AuNCs. With the addition of CDZM, the fluorescence at 458 nm was slightly weakened while the fluorescence at 569 nm was enhanced obviously. Based on the relationship between the I569/I458 fluorescence intensity ratio and the concentration of CDZM, the designed nanohybrid exhibited a good linearity range of 1.0–1000.0 μM and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.19 μM. The method was finally applied in the detection of CDZM in urine, showing the potential applications in complicated biological samples.
Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin and Tezepelumab in Airway Diseases: From Physiological Role to Target Therapy
Authors: Bagnasco Diego , De Ferrari Laura , Bondi Benedetta , Candeliere Maria Giulia , Mincarini Marcello , Riccio Anna Maria , Braido Fulvio
Published: May 2024

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), is a protein belonging to a class of epithelial cytokines commonly called alarmins, which also includes IL-25 and IL-33. Functionally, TSLP is a key player in the immune response to environmental insults, initiating a number of downstream inflammatory pathways. TSLP performs its role by binding to a high-affinity heteromeric complex composed of the thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (TSLPR) chain and IL-7Rα. In recent years, the important role of proinflammatory cytokines in the etiopathogenesis of various chronic diseases such as asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPDs), and chronic spontaneous urticaria has been studied. Although alarmins have been found to be mainly implicated in the mechanisms of type 2 inflammation, studies on monoclonal antibodies against TSLP demonstrate partial efficacy even in patients whose inflammation is not definable as T2 and the so-called low T2. Tezepelumab is a human anti-TSLP antibody that prevents TSLP-TSLPR interactions. Several clinical trials are evaluating the safety and efficacy of Tezepelumab in various inflammatory disorders. In this review, we will highlight major recent advances in understanding the functional role of TSLP, its involvement in Th2-related diseases, and its suitability as a target for biological therapies.
Eosinophilic Solid and Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma—A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Loghin Andrada , Popelea Maria , Todea-Moga Ciprian , Cocuz Iuliu , Borda Angela
Published: May 2024

Eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma (ESC-RCC) is a novel and uncommon type of renal cell carcinoma, which has been recently recognized and introduced as a distinct entity in the WHO 2022 kidney tumor classification. Previously known as “unclassified RCC”, followed by “tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-associated RCC”, ESC-RCC is now a distinct category of kidney tumor, with its own name, with specific clinical manifestations, and a unique morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular profile. Due to its recent introduction and the limited available data, the diagnosis of ESC-RCC is still a complex challenge, and it is probably frequently misdiagnosed. The secret of diagnosing this tumor lies in the pathologists’ knowledge, and keeping it up to date through research, thereby limiting the use of outdated nomenclature. The aim of our case-based review is to provide a better understanding of this pathology and to enrich the literature with a new case report, which has some particularities compared to the existing cases.
Imbalance in Unc80 RNA Editing Disrupts Dynamic Neuronal Activity and Olfactory Perception
Authors: Chen Hui-Wen , Ma Chung-Pei , Chin En , Chen Yi-Tung , Wang Teh-Cheng , Kuo Yu-Ping , Su Chia-Hao , Huang Po-Jung , Tan Bertrand Chin-Ming
Published: May 2024

A-to-I RNA editing, catalyzed by the ADAR protein family, significantly contributes to the diversity and adaptability of mammalian RNA signatures, aligning with developmental and physiological needs. Yet, the functions of many editing sites are still to be defined. The Unc80 gene stands out in this context due to its brain-specific expression and the evolutionary conservation of its codon-altering editing event. The precise biological functions of Unc80 and its editing, however, are still largely undefined. In this study, we first demonstrated that Unc80 editing occurs in an ADAR2-dependent manner and is exclusive to the brain. By employing the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate Unc80 knock-in mouse models that replicate the natural editing variations, our findings revealed that mice with the “gain-of-editing” variant (Unc80G/G) exhibit heightened basal neuronal activity in critical olfactory regions, compared to the “loss-of-editing” (Unc80S/S) counterparts. Moreover, an increase in glutamate levels was observed in the olfactory bulbs of Unc80G/G mice, indicating altered neurotransmitter dynamics. Behavioral analysis of odor detection revealed distinctive responses to novel odors—both Unc80 deficient (Unc80+/−) and Unc80S/S mice demonstrated prolonged exploration times and heightened dishabituation responses. Further elucidating the olfactory connection of Unc80 editing, transcriptomic analysis of the olfactory bulb identified significant alterations in gene expression that corroborate the behavioral and physiological findings. Collectively, our research advances the understanding of Unc80’s neurophysiological functions and the impact of its editing on the olfactory sensory system, shedding light on the intricate molecular underpinnings of olfactory perception and neuronal activity.
Nanoarchitectonics and Biological Properties of Nanocomposite Thermosensitive Chitosan Hydrogels Obtained with the Use of Uridine 5′-Monophosphate Disodium Salt
Authors: Pieklarz Katarzyna , Galita Grzegorz , Majsterek Ireneusz , Owczarz Piotr , Modrzejewska Zofia
Published: May 2024

Currently, an important group of biomaterials used in the research in the field of tissue engineering is thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels. Their main advantage is the possibility of introducing their precursors (sols) into the implantation site using a minimally invasive method—by injection. In this publication, the results of studies on the new chitosan structures in the form of thermosensitive hydrogels containing graphene oxide as a nanofiller are presented. These systems were prepared from chitosan lactate and chitosan chloride solutions with the use of a salt of pyrimidine nucleotide—uridine 5′-monophosphate disodium salt—as the cross-linking agent. In order to perform the characterization of the developed hydrogels, the sol–gel transition temperature of the colloidal systems was first determined based on rheological measurements. The hydrogels were also analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. Biological studies assessed the cytotoxicity (resazurin assay) and genotoxicity (alkaline version of the comet assay) of the nanocomposite chitosan hydrogels against normal human BJ fibroblasts. The conducted research allowed us to conclude that the developed hydrogels containing graphene oxide are an attractive material for potential use as scaffolds for the regeneration of damaged tissues.
Natural Variation in the Promoter of GmSPL9d Affects Branch Number in Soybean
Authors: Zhao Duo , Zheng Haowei , Li Jiajia , Wan Mingyue , Shu Kuo , Wang Wenhui , Hu Xiaoyu , Hu Yu , Qiu Lijuan , Wang Xiaobo
Published: May 2024

The branch number is a crucial factor that influences density tolerance and is closely associated with the yield of soybean. However, its molecular regulation mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study cloned a candidate gene GmSPL9d for regulating the soybean branch number based on the rice OsSPL14 homologous gene. Meanwhile, the genetic diversity of the GmSPL9d was analyzed using 3599 resequencing data and identified 55 SNP/InDel variations, which were categorized into seven haplotypes. Evolutionary analysis classified these haplotypes into two groups: GmSPL9d H-I and GmSPL9d H-II. Soybean varieties carrying the GmSPL9d H-II haplotype exhibited a significantly lower branch number compared with those carrying the GmSPL9d H-I haplotype. Association analysis between the variation sites and branch number phenotypes revealed a significant correlation between the promoter variations and the branch number. Promoter activity assays demonstrated that the GmSPL9d H-II promoter displayed significantly higher activity than the GmSPL9d H-I promoter. Transgenic experiments confirmed that the plants that carried the GmSPL9d H-II promoter exhibited a significantly lower branch number compared with those that carried the GmSPL9d H-I promoter. These findings indicate that the variation in the GmSPL9d promoter affected its transcription level, leading to differences in the soybean branch number. This study provides valuable molecular targets for improving the soybean plant structure.
Effect of the Proximity to the Quintero-Puchuncaví Industrial Zone on Compounds Isolated from Baccharis macraei Hook. & Arn: Their Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Martínez-Lobos Manuel , Tapia-Venegas Estela , Celis-Plá Paula , Villena Joan , Jara-Gutiérrez Carlos , Lobos-Pessini Alexandra , Rigano Daniela , Sirignano Carmina , Madrid-Villegas Alejandro
Published: May 2024

Baccharis macraei Hook. & Arn (Asteraceae), commonly known as Vautro, is found in the coastal areas of central-southern Chile, including the industrial zone of Quintero-Puchuncaví, known for the contamination of its soils with heavy metals, which together with other factors generate abiotic stress in plant species, against which they present defensive mechanisms. For this reason, the objective was to evaluate the effect of abiotic stress generated by the proximity of B. macraei to the industrial complex by assessing the physiological and metabolic states reported by the extracts and compounds isolated from the species, as well as the photosynthetic capacity, metal content and production, and antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity against tumorigenic cell lines of the phytoconstituents. To this end, B. macraei was collected at two different distances from the industrial complex, observing that the closer the species is, the greater the concentration of copper in the soil, generating a decrease in the rate of electron transport in situ, but an increase in antioxidant activity with low cytotoxicity. This activity could be due to the presence of flavonoids such as Hispidulin, Cirsimaritina, and Isokaempferida, as well as monoterpenes, oxygenated and non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes identified in this study.
Infrared Spectroscopy in Gynecological Oncology: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnostic Potentials and Challenges
Authors: Delrue Charlotte , De Bruyne Sander , Oyaert Matthijs , Delanghe Joris R. , Moresco Rafael Noal , Speeckaert Reinhart , Speeckaert Marijn M.
Published: May 2024

The early detection of gynecological cancers, which is critical for improving patient survival rates, is challenging because of the vague early symptoms and the diagnostic limitations of current approaches. This comprehensive review delves into the game-changing potential of infrared (IR) spectroscopy, a noninvasive technology used to transform the landscape of cancer diagnosis in gynecology. By collecting the distinctive vibrational frequencies of chemical bonds inside tissue samples, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provides a ‘molecular fingerprint’ that outperforms existing diagnostic approaches. We highlight significant advances in this field, particularly the identification of discrete biomarker bands in the mid- and near-IR spectra. Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids exhibited different absorption patterns. These spectral signatures not only serve to distinguish between malignant and benign diseases, but also provide additional information regarding the cellular changes associated with cancer. To underscore the practical consequences of these findings, we examined studies in which IR spectroscopy demonstrated exceptional diagnostic accuracy. This review supports the use of IR spectroscopy in normal clinical practice, emphasizing its capacity to detect and comprehend the intricate molecular underpinnings of gynecological cancers.
Pygo-F773W Mutation Reveals Novel Functions beyond Wnt Signaling in Drosophila
Authors: Li Youfeng , Jiang Zhigang , Xu Yue , Yan Jing , Wu Qiong , Huang Sirui , Wang Lingxiao , Xie Yulian , Wu Xiushan , Wang Yuequn , Li Yongqing , Fan Xiongwei , Li Fang , Yuan Wuzhou
Published: May 2024

Pygopus (Pygo) has been identified as a specific nuclear co-activator of the canonical Wingless (Wg)/Wnt signaling pathway in Drosophila melanogaster. Pygo proteins consist of two conserved domains: an N-terminal homologous domain (NHD) and a C-terminal plant homologous domain (PHD). The PHD’s ability to bind to di- and trimethylated lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4me2/3) appears to be independent of Wnt signaling. There is ongoing debate regarding the significance of Pygo’s histone-binding capacity. Drosophila Pygo orthologs have a tryptophan (W) > phenylalanine (F) substitution in their histone pocket-divider compared to vertebrates, leading to reduced histone affinity. In this research, we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 technology to introduce the Pygo-F773W point mutation in Drosophila, successfully establishing a viable homozygous Pygo mutant line for the first time. Adult mutant flies displayed noticeable abnormalities in reproduction, locomotion, heart function, and lifespan. RNA-seq and cluster analysis indicated that the mutation primarily affected pathways related to immunity, metabolism, and posttranslational modification in adult flies rather than the Wnt signaling pathway. Additionally, a reduction in H3K9 acetylation levels during the embryonic stage was observed in the mutant strains. These findings support the notion that Pygo plays a wider role in chromatin remodeling, with its involvement in Wnt signaling representing only a specific aspect of its chromatin-related functions.
Unique Self-Phosphorylating Polybenzimidazole of the 6F Family for HT-PEM Fuel Cell Application
Authors: Ponomarev Igor I. , Volkova Yulia A. , Skupov Kirill M. , Vtyurina Elizaveta S. , Ponomarev Ivan I. , Ilyin Mikhail M. , Nikiforov Roman Y. , Alentiev Alexander Y. , Zhigalina Olga M. , Khmelenin Dmitry N. , Strelkova Tatyana V. , Modestov Alexander D.
Published: May 2024

High-temperature polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) are a very important type of fuel cells since they operate at 150–200 °C, making it possible to use hydrogen contaminated with CO. However, the need to improve the stability and other properties of gas-diffusion electrodes still impedes their distribution. Self-supporting anodes based on carbon nanofibers (CNF) are prepared using the electrospinning method from a polyacrylonitrile solution containing zirconium salt, followed by pyrolysis. After the deposition of Pt nanoparticles on the CNF surface, the composite anodes are obtained. A new self-phosphorylating polybenzimidazole of the 6F family is applied to the Pt/CNF surface to improve the triple-phase boundary, gas transport, and proton conductivity of the anode. This polymer coating ensures a continuous interface between the anode and proton-conducting membrane. The polymer is investigated using CO2 adsorption, TGA, DTA, FTIR, GPC, and gas permeability measurements. The anodes are studied using SEM, HAADF STEM, and CV. The operation of the membrane–electrode assembly in the H2/air HT-PEMFC shows that the application of the new PBI of the 6F family with good gas permeability as a coating for the CNF anodes results in an enhancement of HT-PEMFC performance, reaching 500 mW/cm2 at 1.3 A/cm2 (at 180 °C), compared with the previously studied PBI-O-PhT-P polymer.
The Diagnostic and Prognostic Potentials of Non-Coding RNA in Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Andrade Rita , Ribeiro Ilda Patrícia , Carreira Isabel Marques , Tralhão José Guilherme
Published: May 2024

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare biliary tract tumor with high malignancy. CCA is the second most common primary hepatobiliary cancer after hepatocarcinoma. Despite its rarity, the incidence of CCA is steadily increasing globally. Most patients with CCA are asymptomatic in the early stages, resulting in a late-stage diagnosis and poor prognosis. Finding reliable biomarkers is essential to improve CCA’s early diagnosis and survival rate. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are non-protein coding RNAs produced by genomic transcription. This includes microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs. ncRNAs have multiple functions in regulating gene expression and are crucial for maintaining normal cell function and developing diseases. Many studies have shown that aberrantly expressed ncRNAs can regulate the occurrence and development of CCA. ncRNAs can be easily extracted and detected through tumor tissue and liquid biopsies, representing a potential tool for diagnosing and prognosis CCA. This review will provide a detailed update on the diagnostic and prognostic potentials of lncRNAs and cirRNAs as biomarkers in CCA.