bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relativistic, Viscous, Radiation Hydrodynamic Simulations of Geometrically Thin Disks. I. Thermal and Other Instabilities
Authors: Fragile P. Chris , Etheridge Sarina M. , Anninos Peter , Mishra Bhupendra , Kluźniak Włodek
Published: April 2018

We present results from two-dimensional, general relativistic, viscous, radiation hydrodynamic numerical simulations of Shakura–Sunyaev thin disks accreting onto stellar-mass Schwarzschild black holes. We consider cases on both the gas- and radiation-pressure-dominated branches of the thermal equilibrium curve, with mass accretion rates spanning the range from

to 10L
Edd/c
2. The simulations directly test the stability of this standard disk model on the different branches. We find clear evidence of thermal instability for all radiation-pressure-dominated disks, resulting universally in the vertical collapse of the disks, which in some cases then settle onto the stable, gas-pressure-dominated branch. Although these results are consistent with decades-old theoretical predictions, they appear to be in conflict with available observational data from black hole X-ray binaries. We also find evidence for a radiation-pressure-driven instability that breaks the unstable disks up into alternating rings of high and low surface density on a timescale comparable to the thermal collapse. Since radiation is included self-consistently in the simulations, we are able to calculate light curves and power density spectra (PDS). For the most part, we measure radiative efficiencies (ratio of luminosity to mass accretion rate) close to 6%, as expected for a nonrotating black hole. The PDS appear as broken power laws, with a break typically around 100 Hz. There is no evidence of significant excess power at any frequencies, i.e., no quasi-periodic oscillations are observed.
Règle, usage, mésusage
Authors: Simatos Christian
Published: April 2018

La règle du « dire ce qui vient », bien que se prêtant à contradictions, est fondamentale au regard de la cure pour être au cœur du transfert, et au regard de la psychanalyse pour en signifier la discipline.
Le traitement psychanalytique en clinique
Authors: Simmel Ernst , Longé Thierry
Published: April 2018

En créant dès 1927 la première clinique psychanalytique, Ernst Simmel, sous le regard approbateur de Sigmund Freud, proposait de la mettre au service de ceux porteurs de maladies psychiques invalidantes, de toxicomanies élargies à toutes les addictions, de maladies organiques dans lesquelles la composante psychique entrave le processus de guérison. Avec cette expérience pionnière, il ouvrait la voie à une médecine psychanalytique rarement reprise et dont on ne peut que constater aujourd’hui la mise en impasse.
Negotiations in the public sector: Applying negotiation theory to multiparty conflicts
Authors: Kaufman Sanda , Ozawa Connie , Shmueli Deborah
Published: April 2018

Les processus de collaboration dans le secteur public impliquent plusieurs parties, à des échelles allant du très local, à l’échelle de la ville et à la région. Alors que la facilitation / médiation de ces processus repose fortement sur la théorie de la négociation, une grande partie de la littérature est focalisée sur les interactions à deux parties (dyadiques). Nous proposons que les processus multipartites méritent une attention théorique/pratique particulière. A cette fin, nous analysons trois cas dans des endroits et à des échelles différentes: un conflit d’aménagement territorial dans une petite localité d’Israël; un conflit de transport / aménagement territorial dans une ville de l’etat d’Oregon ; et une initiative de planification régionale dans le nord-est de l’état d’Ohio. Nous concluons que certains éléments de la théorie des négociations s’appliquent dans des situations multipartites. Cependant, d’importantes différences qualitatives exigent une attention accrue de la part des chercheurs. Les cas éclairent sept domaines typiques du multipartisme qui méritent une étude plus approfondie: les « BATNA » interdépendantes, les processus se déroulant pendant des périodes prolongées dans des contextes politiques changeants, les multiples processus séquentiels et parallèles, les défis de la représentation, les alliances et les coalitions, les flux d’information et de communication, les types d’accords et les règles de décision.
La disparition de Schengen ?
Authors: Pascouau Yves
Published: April 2018

Objet récurrent de critiques, voire de procès en sorcellerie, la coopération de Schengen est entrée ces derniers mois dans une zone de fortes turbulences. À tel point que la « mort de Schengen » est devenue une hypothèse 1 . Elle résulterait du rétablissement durable des contrôles aux frontières intérieures de l’espace Schengen opéré par certains États membres.
La France s’enferme à double tour
Authors: Ferré Nathalie
Published: April 2018

Dès la mise en place de l’espace commun européen, la France, comme les autres pays membres, a cherché à compenser la disparition des frontières intérieures de l’Union. Sous prétexte de la « menace terroriste » et de la mal nommée « crise migratoire », une nouvelle étape a été franchie au point que la libre circulation dans l’espace commun Schengen relève plus du mythe que de la réalité.
Les Européens pauvres bannis de France
Authors: Fillonneau Manon
Published: April 2018

Au nom d’une politique du chiffre aujourd’hui assumée, les citoyen·ne·s les plus précaires de l’Union européenne, notamment les Roms, sont éloigné·e·s du territoire français sous des prétextes divers, souvent exagérés. Mais ces pratiques ne devaient pas être assez efficaces pour le législateur français qui a adjoint aux dispositifs d’éloignement une mesure de bannissement : l’interdiction de circuler sur le territoire français.
La Belgique découvre les centres fermés... et se révolte
Authors: Vertongen Youri Lou
Published: April 2018

Ce deuxième volet des luttes belges en faveur des immigré·e·s va de l’adoption de la loi de 1980 sur l’accès et le séjour des étrangers en Belgique, jusqu’à l’assassinat de Sémira Adamu, le 22 septembre 1998, qui déclenche une prise de conscience quant au traitement inhumain réservé aux sans-papiers avant leur expulsion. Cette période voit justement la naissance des centres fermés, la structuration en plateforme des organisations « institutionnelles », la naissance – en réaction – des mouvements radicaux et le début de la structuration « autonome » des collectifs de sans-papiers.
Les changements fondamentaux sur le marché des obligations callables émises par les firmes américaines au cours des 40 années 1974-2013
Authors: Goffin Marion
Published: April 2018

Trois grands changements sont intervenus au cours de ces décennies : la part des callables dans les émissions obligataires des sociétés américaines s’est considérablement réduite ; la qualité de ces émissions callables a diminué, passant d’une majorité d’« Investment grade » à une majorité de « Speculative grade » ; enfin l’objectif de ces émissions callables ne vise plus à tirer avantage d’une baisse générale des taux d’intérêt mais d’une baisse du spread de taux de la firme émettrice.
Les scores de gouvernance et la performance des entreprises : effet de causalité
Authors: Louizi Amir
Published: April 2018

La notion de gouvernance d’entreprise a fait l’objet d’un regain d’intérêt au cours des dernières décennies, en raison de la faillite spectaculaire de certaines grandes entreprises et des importantes pertes d’autres ayant réussi à survivre. Pour identifier les raisons ayant conduit les entreprises à ce constat alarmant, cette recherche a étudié le lien de causalité entre le score de gouvernance et la performance. Pour ce faire, à partir d’un échantillon de 112 entreprises françaises cotées sur la période 2009- 2013, une analyse factorielle non linéaire a été menée. Cette analyse a permis d’identifier un lien d’endogéneité entre le score de gouvernance et la performance en se basant sur les équations simultanées et de dégager deux axes de gouvernance. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que le score de gouvernance a un impact sur la performance de la firme. De même, le Q de Tobin a un effet négatif sur l’indépendance du conseil d’administration et la concentration du capital. De ce fait, les opportunités de croissance semblent avoir un impact significatif et positif sur le Q de Tobin.
Évaluation des méthodes de promotion de l’entrepreneuriat en Algérie
Authors: Laib Yassine , Benredjem Rédha
Published: April 2018

Le développement du pays dépend de son activité entrepreneuriale qui est liée à l’esprit entrepreneurial et au rôle de soutien et d’accompagnement des organismes. Malgré les efforts du gouvernement algérien pour améliorer le taux de création et l’environnement des affaires, les résultats ne sont pas à la hauteur des ambitions. L’esprit entrepreneurial existe malgré le manque de sensibilisation et l’insuffisance du rôle des structures de soutien. Ce constat est le résultat d’une étude quantitative qui a été menée dans la ville de Constantine en Algérie auprès de 145 entrepreneurs ayant été aidés par l’un des organismes de soutien et d’accompagnement à l’entrepreneuriat.
Company maturity models: Application to supplier development program in oil&gas sector
Authors: Retegi Albisua Jabier , Igartua López Juan Ignacio
Published: April 2018

Purpose: In order to achieve excellence, outsourced maintenance contractors in Oil&Gas sector play a key role due to the important impact of their task on security, availability and energy consumption. This paper presents the process followed in order to implement a Supplier Development Program in a refinery using Company Maturity Model (CoMM) and the results obtained in three cases validating the method to obtain a strategic improvement project medium term grid.Design/methodology/approach: The methodology followed consists of constructing a CoMM capturing the knowledge existing in the refinery and applying it with three supplier improvement teams. Findings and conclusions have arised through an observation of the three processes and extracting common conclusions.Findings: The resulting CoMM has been used for self-assessment by three suppliers and has demonstrated its potential to define a medium-term improvement project road map validated by the customer. Furthermore, during the design and application processes, the contribution of CoMMs to the SECI process of knowledge management has been observed.Practical implications: The use of CoMMs in a service contractor context can be applied in other sectors. It contributes to alignment of targets between the supplier and customer companies and to knowledge sharing inside both firms.Originality/value: Maturity models in many transversal fields (CMMI, EFQM, BPMM, PEMM, etc.) have been thoroughly studied in the literature. Less effort has been made analysing the case of using maturity models constructed and implemented by a company for its specific purposes. In this paper, the process followed by a company to establish a Supplier Development Process using CoMMs is described.
Transfer prices assignment with integrated production and marketing optimization models
Authors: Parra Enrique
Published: April 2018

Purpose: In decentralized organizations (today a great majority of the large multinational groups), much of the decision-making power is in its individual business units-BUs-. In these cases, the management control system (MCS) uses transfer prices to coordinate actions of the BUs and to evaluate their performance with the goal of guaranteeing the whole corporation optimum. The purpose of the investigation is to design transfer prices that suit this goal.Design/methodology/approach: Considering the results of the whole company supply chain optimization models (in the presence of seasonality of demand) the question is to design a mechanism that creates optimal incentives for the managers of each business unit to drive the corporation to the optimal performance. Mathematical programming models are used as a start point.Findings: Different transfer prices computation methods are introduced in this paper for decentralised organizations with two divisions (production and marketing). The methods take into account the results of the solution of the whole company supply chain optimization model, if exists, and can be adapted to the type of information available in the company. It is mainly focused on transport costs assignment.Practical implications: Using the methods proposed in this paper a decentralized corporation can implement more accurate transfer prices to drive the whole organization to the global optimum performance.Originality/value: The methods proposed are a new contribution to the literature on transfer prices with special emphasis on the practical and easy implementation in a modern corporation with several business units and with high seasonality of demand. Also, the methods proposed are very flexible and can be tuned depending on the type of information available in the company.
Promoting structured participation for competitiveness in services companies
Authors: García-Arca Jesús , Prado-Prado J. Carlos , Fernández-González Arturo J.
Published: April 2018

Purpose: To identify the main drivers that facilitate the successful deployment of a participation program aimed at improving competitiveness, as a prior step to analyze and discuss the implementation of these drivers in three services companies.Design/methodology/approach: The selection of the drivers was based on a “content analysis” of recent literature (2007-2017). To test the level of deployment of these drivers, the “case study” technique was choosen. The authors have selected two public transport companies and one bank, which have more than twenty years´ experience in the development of participation programs.Findings: From the case studies analysis, we conclude that participation can successfully improve a company’s competitiveness, provided that the drivers are developed with this specific aim. Thus, the analysis of these drivers allows to identify some gaps in aspects such as, the extension of participation throughout the company, the methodology adopted in the deployment of participation programs, the organizational structure for monitoring the program tasks, the reward/recognition systems and, especially, the implementation of KPIs for connecting participation and competitiveness.Research limitations/implications: This paper is based on a review of current literature, the analysis of three case studies, and our own personal experience. Our observations and comments may be qualified by future investigation with an increased sample of companies.Practical implications: This paper could be of interest to companies due to outlines the drivers that are critical to implementing participation programs focused on competitiveness. This could help companies that are thinking of implementing such programs, or those that are unhappy with their current programs, to re-design their plans in line with their business strategy.  Originality/value: The main contribution of this paper lies in its theoretical and applied approach, analyzing in a comparative and longitudinal way the deployment of the drivers in services companies. This analysis allows the identification of strengths and weaknesses in the implementation of these participation programs focused on competitiveness.This combined and comparative approach is considered especially novel in the academic and professional world. Likewise, the analysis of companies with a longstanding history in their participation programs is also relevant, particularly, in the services sector.
Economic and environmental packaging sustainability: A case study
Authors: González Boubeta Iván , Fernández Vázquez Mar , Domínguez Caamaño Pablo , Prado Prado José Carlos
Published: April 2018

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to analyze the suitability of the packaging strategy of an important Spanish agro-food company, regarding to economic and environmental sustainability.Design/methodology/approach: Three different types of packaging are analyzed to obtain a diagnostic of the initial situation. In this process, cost and carbon footprint are calculated in order to measure the economic and environmental impacts, respectively. Then, a new packaging allocation logic is proposed with the aim of improving both aspects.Findings: The results show that the carbon footprint is strongly and positively affected by the cost reduction, showing the viability of a win-win relationship between both aspects.Research limitations/implications: The strength of this win-win relationship may be conditioned by the input values considered in this case study. Conversion factors used to calculate carbon footprint vary a lot among researchers, showing the need of standardization in this topic.Practical implications: Since the existence of a positive relationship between economic and environmental sustainability has been demonstrated, organizations should find this kind of situations in themselves to satisfy their own stakeholders.Originality/value: This article shows the potential of unite waste elimination with eco-friendly activities with the aim of increasing the competitiveness of companies. This paper also contributes to the knowledge of economic and environmental sustainability and reinforces theoretical aspects, paving the way for further research on these topics.
An ANP-based network to measure the impact of Lean production on organisational performance
Authors: Ruano Pérez José Luis , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Raúl , Alfaro Saiz Juan-José , Verdecho María-José
Published: April 2018

Purpose: The main objective of this research is to design a decision-making network, based on the Analytic Network Process (ANP) technique (Saaty, 1996), which will include the main elements to take into account when stating the effect that the application of LP techniques has got on the performance of an organisation, measured this through a Performance Measurement System (PMS).Design/methodology/approach: The authors have carried out a scientific literature search to state what the main LP techniques are –and how to group them into different clusters- and have then applied the ANP, its first phase, in order to design the decisional network.Findings: There is a gap in the literature when trying to identify and quantify to what extent the implementation of LP techniques affects to organisational performance. The ANP is an appropriate technique to do so due to the need of gathering and quantifying experts’ opinions.Originality/value: The designed ANP-based network to measure the impact of LP over organisational performance is a novel approach. This paper justifies its usage and paves the way to implement the rest of the ANP phases in future research work.
Evolución tipológica de cubiertas ventiladas ‘a la catalana’ en la obra de Antonio Bonet
Authors: Ródenas García J. F.
Published: April 2018

En este trabajo analizamos la evolución de una serie de edificios diseñados por Antonio Bonet que comparten una tipología constructiva de origen vernáculo: la cubierta ventilada ‘a la catalana’. Trataremos de demostrar el método investigador de Bonet quien no concibe la forma en sus proyectos como una pura invención personal. El patrón puede mutar o transgredirse por diferentes motivos, ya sea para adaptarse al avance tecnológico de un sistema constructivo, ya sea por adaptaciones topográficas, climáticas o programáticas.

A partir de la información del archivo del arquitecto, elaboramos y presentamos nueva documentación gráfica, a través del redibujado de las obras, con el objetivo de ordenar un material de archivo de difícil acceso por diferentes motivos: dispersión, diferencia de escalas, diferentes soportes gráficos. Con este trabajo, cualquier interesado puede obtener los datos básicos de cada edificio.
Hacia la sostenibilidad portuaria mediante modelos probabilísticos: redes bayesianas
Authors: Molina B. , Gonzalez N. , Soler F.
Published: April 2018

En la explotación y gestión es necesario que el gestor de la infraestructura conozca las relaciones entre las variables en juego, lo cual es factible con el uso de redes bayesianas que permiten clasificar, predecir y diagnosticar las variables, pudiendo incluso estimar la probabilidad posterior de las no conocidas en base a las conocidas. En la metodología propuesta se ha generado una base de datos con variables portuarias, clasificadas en económicas, sociales, ambientales e institucionales, tal como se abordan los estudios de smart ports, en el Sistema Portuario Español, desarrollando una red mediante un grafo dirigido acíclico para conocer las relaciones en términos de padres e hijos. En términos probabilísticos, se observa que las variables más decisoras para la sostenibilidad portuaria son las institucionales.

Se concluye que las redes bayesianas permiten modelar la incertidumbre de forma probabilística incluso cuando el número de variables es elevado como en la planificación y explotación portuaria.
La Traza Oculta de la Plaza de Toros de la Real Maestranza de Caballería de Sevilla. Sobre la Geometría de su Planta
Authors: Carbajal J. A. , Carbajal R. , Carbajal N.
Published: April 2018

Quizás una de las características más llamativas de la Plaza de la Real Maestranza de Caballería de Sevilla sea la singularidad de su traza, la irregularidad de su ruedo. Una forma insólita a la que no se ha encontrado justificación convincente. No existen documentos que la expliquen en los archivos de la Corporación y tampoco puede dudarse de la solvencia y destreza de los maestros mayores, ingenieros militares y arquitectos que a lo largo de ciento veinte años la levantaron. Ahora, creemos haber encontrado una explicación a esa geometría irregular. Un razonamiento basado en la historia de su construcción, también en la observación tanto de la planimetría histórica conservada como de los nuevos levantamientos, y sobre todo en el conocimiento que nos han proporcionado del edificio las obras de reforma y conservación llevadas a cabo en ella durante estos últimos años.
‘Primitive’: A key concept in Chidester’s critique of imperial and Van der Leeuw’s phenomenological study of religion
Authors: Strijdom Johan M.
Published: April 2018

A critical examination of the history of theories and uses of concepts such as ‘primitive’ and ‘savage’ in the academic study of religion in imperial, colonial and postcolonial contexts is particularly urgent in our time with its demands to decolonise Western models of knowledge production. In Savage Systems (1996) and Empire of Religion (2014), David Chidester has contributed to this project by relating the invention and use of terms such as ‘religion’, ‘primitive’ and ‘savage’ by theorists of religion in European imperial metropoles to South African colonial and indigenous contexts. This article intends to take Chidester’s project further by relating Gerardus Van der Leeuw’s phenomenological analysis of ‘primitive mentality’ (particularly in De primitieve mensch en de religie, 1937) to Chidester’s analysis and postcolonial critique of imperial theories of religion. By taking animism and dreams in Chidester’s and Van der Leeuw’s works as example, it is argued that in spite of the latter’s decontextualised use of ethnological material, a fundamental shift occurred in the judgement of ‘primitive’ religion from Tylor’s evolutionary to Van der Leeuw’s phenomenological analysis, which is contrary to claims according to which modern theories are unanimously denigratory of indigenous religions.
The impact of food prices on the welfare of households in South Africa
Authors: Van Wyk Roscoe B. , Dlamini Cliff S.
Published: April 2018

Background and setting: The global food price surge of 2006 to 2008 has negatively impacted South African households. Rising food prices adversely affect food security in South Africa. The ever-increasing prices for food commodities and lack of access to finance make it very difficult to strengthen food security amongst households in South Africa. Aim: The aim of the study is to examine the impact of food prices on household welfare in South Africa. Additionally, the study attempts to analyse the short- and long-run relationship between food prices and household welfare in South Africa. This is done by determining how real household welfare responds and/or reacts whenever there is a shock in food prices and its fundamental determinants. Finally, the study attempts to distil recommendations toward a conceptual framework for the mitigation of the impact of high food prices on households in South Africa. Method: The Vector Error Correction Modelling (VECM) technique is utilised to estimate a regression model. Results: The results reveal that a 1% increase in food prices would reduce household welfare by 21.3%. The study, therefore, confirms a negative correlation between food prices and welfare. Conclusion: Short-run policy recommendations include: (1) subsidising staple food baskets for households in South Africa, (2) reducing prices of staple foods through the reduction of food tariffs and (3) reducing household expenditure on basic needs through subsidisation. These policy options could lessen the burden on households when there is a rise in the prices of staple food sources and therefore improve household welfare. Long-run policy recommendations include: (1) improving the unemployment rate in South Africa and (2) improving access to finance and credit for South African households. By addressing the rising unemployment rates and improving access to finance and credit in South Africa through job creation initiatives and improving micro-credit strategies, an environment can be created where households improve their disposable income.
Reconstructing volcanic plume evolution integrating satellite and ground-based data: application to the 23 November 2013 Etna eruption
Authors: Poret Matthieu , Corradini Stefano , Merucci Luca , Costa Antonio , Andronico Daniele , Montopoli Mario , Vulpiani Gianfranco , Freret-Lorgeril Valentin
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Recent explosive volcanic eruptions recorded worldwide (e.g. Hekla in 2000, Eyjafjallajökull in 2010, Cordón-Caulle in 2011) demonstrated the necessity for a better assessment of the eruption source parameters (ESPs; e.g. column height, mass eruption rate, eruption duration, and total grain-size distribution – TGSD) to reduce the uncertainties associated with the far-travelling airborne ash mass. Volcanological studies started to integrate observations to use more realistic numerical inputs, crucial for taking robust volcanic risk mitigation actions. On 23 November 2013, Etna (Italy) erupted, producing a 10 km height plume, from which two volcanic clouds were observed at different altitudes from satellites (SEVIRI, MODIS). One was retrieved as mainly composed of very fine ash (i.e. PM20), and the second one as made of ice/SO2 droplets (i.e. not measurable in terms of ash mass). An atypical north-easterly wind direction transported the tephra from Etna towards the Calabria and Apulia regions (southern Italy), permitting tephra sampling in proximal (i.e. ∼ 5–25 km from the source) and medial areas (i.e. the Calabria region, ∼ 160 km). A primary TGSD was derived from the field measurement analysis, but the paucity of data (especially related to the fine ash fraction) prevented it from being entirely representative of the initial magma fragmentation. To better constrain the TGSD assessment, we also estimated the distribution from the X-band weather radar data. We integrated the field and radar-derived TGSDs by inverting the relative weighting averages to best fit the tephra loading measurements. The resulting TGSD is used as input for the FALL3D tephra dispersal model to reconstruct the whole tephra loading. Furthermore, we empirically modified the integrated TGSD by enriching the PM20 classes until the numerical results were able to reproduce the airborne ash mass retrieved from satellite data. The resulting TGSD is inverted by best-fitting the field, ground-based, and satellite-based measurements. The results indicate a total erupted mass of 1.2  ×  109 kg, being similar to the field-derived value of 1.3  ×  109 kg, and an initial PM20 fraction between 3.6 and 9.0 wt %, constituting the tail of the TGSD.
A variational regularization of Abel transform for GPS radio occultation
Authors: Wee Tae-Kwon
Published: April 2018

Abstract. In the Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation
(RO) technique, the inverse Abel transform of measured bending angle (Abel
inversion, hereafter AI) is the standard means of deriving the refractivity. While concise
and straightforward to apply, the AI accumulates and
propagates the measurement error downward. The measurement error propagation
is detrimental to the refractivity in lower altitudes. In particular, it
builds up negative refractivity bias in the tropical lower troposphere. An
alternative to AI is the numerical inversion of the forward Abel transform,
which does not incur the integration of error-possessing measurement and
thus precludes the error propagation. The variational regularization (VR)
proposed in this study approximates the inversion of the forward Abel
transform by an optimization problem in which the regularized solution
describes the measurement as closely as possible within the measurement's
considered accuracy. The optimization problem is then solved iteratively by
means of the adjoint technique. VR is formulated with error covariance
matrices, which permit a rigorous incorporation of prior information on
measurement error characteristics and the solution's desired behavior into
the regularization. VR holds the control variable in the measurement space
to take advantage of the posterior height determination and to negate the
measurement error due to the mismodeling of the refractional radius. The
advantages of having the solution and the measurement in the same space are
elaborated using a purposely corrupted synthetic sounding with a known true
solution. The competency of VR relative to AI is validated with a large
number of actual RO soundings. The comparison to nearby radiosonde
observations shows that VR attains considerably smaller random and
systematic errors compared to AI. A noteworthy finding is that in the
heights and areas that the measurement bias is supposedly small, VR follows
AI very closely in the mean refractivity deserting the first guess. In the
lowest few kilometers that AI produces large negative refractivity bias, VR
reduces the refractivity bias substantially with the aid of the background,
which in this study is the operational forecasts of the European Centre for
Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). It is concluded based on the results
presented in this study that VR offers a definite advantage over AI in the
quality of refractivity.
Minimum temperature and precipitation determine fish richness pattern in China's nature reserves
Authors: Chen Wende , Chen Shengbin , Shen Mengwei , Mao Lingfeng , Peng Peihao , Wang Juan , Zhao Dan , Wang Yuelin
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Understanding the drivers of geographic variation in species richness is one of the fundamental goals in ecology and biogeography. Fish is the key element in freshwater ecosystem and the focus of fishery production and biological conservation. Chinese freshwater fish fauna is rich and largely endemic due to variable geography and climate. By compiling the published data on fish richness for 86 nature reserves, and taking environmental predictors into consideration, we aimed to test latitudinal and longitudinal gradients in fish richness and the relative roles of energy availability, physiological tolerance, climatic seasonality and habitat heterogeneity hypotheses in explaining geographic fish richness pattern. Fish richness in China's nature reserves decreases with latitude and showed a hump-shaped relationship with longitude. Latitudinal fish richness is mainly shaped by mean temperature of the coldest month. Mean elevation and associated changes in temperature lead to longitudinal fish richness gradient. Among the four hypotheses tested, physiological tolerance hypothesis performs best and accounts for 55.4 % of the spatial variance in fish richness. Minimum temperature and precipitation are the primary determinants of fish species richness. Habitat heterogeneity is not negligible since adding river density to physiological tolerance model can explain additional 2 % variance in fish richness. Our results can provide useful information for regional fish production and conservation.
Going beyond the flood insurance rate map: insights from flood hazard map co-production
Authors: Luke Adam , Sanders Brett F. , Goodrich Kristen A. , Feldman David L. , Boudreau Danielle , Eguiarte Ana , Serrano Kimberly , Reyes Abigail , Schubert Jochen E. , AghaKouchak Amir , Basolo Victoria , Matthew Richard A.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Flood hazard mapping in the United States (US) is deeply tied to the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Consequently, publicly available flood maps provide essential information for insurance purposes, but they do not necessarily provide relevant information for non-insurance aspects of flood risk management (FRM) such as public education and emergency planning. Recent calls for flood hazard maps that support a wider variety of FRM tasks highlight the need to deepen our understanding about the factors that make flood maps useful and understandable for local end users. In this study, social scientists and engineers explore opportunities for improving the utility and relevance of flood hazard maps through the co-production of maps responsive to end users' FRM needs. Specifically, two-dimensional flood modeling produced a set of baseline hazard maps for stakeholders of the Tijuana River valley, US, and Los Laureles Canyon in Tijuana, Mexico. Focus groups with natural resource managers, city planners, emergency managers, academia, non-profit, and community leaders refined the baseline hazard maps by triggering additional modeling scenarios and map revisions. Several important end user preferences emerged, such as (1) legends that frame flood intensity both qualitatively and quantitatively, and (2) flood scenario descriptions that report flood magnitude in terms of rainfall, streamflow, and its relation to an historic event. Regarding desired hazard map content, end users' requests revealed general consistency with mapping needs reported in European studies and guidelines published in Australia. However, requested map content that is not commonly produced included (1) standing water depths following the flood, (2) the erosive potential of flowing water, and (3) pluvial flood hazards, or flooding caused directly by rainfall. We conclude that the relevance and utility of commonly produced flood hazard maps can be most improved by illustrating pluvial flood hazards and by using concrete reference points to describe flooding scenarios rather than exceedance probabilities or frequencies.
Regionalização de vazões mínimas: breve revisão teórica [Regionalization of minimum flows: brief theoretical review]
Authors: Carla Fernandes Gasques Ana , Leite Neves Gabriela , Dorca dos Santos Jordana , Fábio Mauad Frederico , Michiko Passos Okawa Cristhiane
Published: April 2018

A ocorrência de fenômenos de déficit hídrico depende da variabilidade temporal da precipitação pluvial e, consequentemente, da vazão. Assim, o conhecimento dessa variabilidade se torna necessária para a previsão da quantidade hídrica disponível que pode estar abaixo do volume necessário para determinado uso, sendo fundamental para a gestão dos recursos hídricos. No entanto, os dados necessários para a estimativa de vazões nem sempre estão disponíveis. Diante da ausência desses dados e da dificuldade em prever a variabilidade, utiliza-se da técnica de regionalização, a qual visa transferir as informações hidrológicas de uma região com dados para outra com ausência de dados. Diante disso, o presente artigo teve por objetivo realizar uma revisão teórica acerca da regionalização de vazões mínimas. Para tal, a metodologia, classificada como exploratória, descritiva, bibliográfica e documental, consistiu em análise das produções bibliográficas científicas da área utilizando bases de pesquisa como o Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct além de teses e dissertações. A regionalização de vazões mínimas vem sendo aplicada em diversos estudos e é desenvolvida a partir da análise dos seguintes dados: análise de frequência, curva de duração e curva de depleção. As vazões mínimas indicam a disponibilidade hídrica de uma bacia hidrográfica, sendo assim, conhecê-las é importante para projetos de barragens e usinas hidrelétricas, avaliação de disponibilidade hídrica para irrigação, dentre outros projetos hidrológicos. Abstract The occurrence of water deficit phenomena depends on the temporal variability of the pluvial precipitation and, consequently, the flow. Thus, the knowledge of this variability becomes fundamental for management of water resources. However, the data required for flow estimation are not always available. Given the lack of data and the difficulty in predicting variability, the regionalization technique is used to transfer the hydrological information from one region with data to another with no data. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to carry out a theoretical review about the regionalization of minimum flows. For this, the methodology, classified as exploratory, descriptive, bibliographical and documentary, consisted of an analysis of the scientific bibliographic productions of the area using research bases such as Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct as well as theses and dissertations. The regionalization of minimum flows has been applied in several studies and is developed from the analysis of the following data: frequency analysis, duration curve and depletion curve. The minimum flows indicate the water availability of a river basin, so knowing them is important for dam projects and hydroelectric plants, water availability assessment for irrigation, among other hydrological projects.
Sensory Descriptive Profiling and Consumer Acceptance of Made-in-transit (MIT) Set Yoghurt
Authors: Nor-Khaizura M. A. R. , Flint S. H. , McCarthy O. J. , Tay S. W. , Grigor J.
Published: April 2018

Shelf-life loss during the distribution of food is a growing problem for the food industry as manufacturers centralize production into large manufacturing units and expand their markets. Adaptation of made-in-transit (MIT) concept that changes the transportation of food from merely relocating products to a productive system would permit production during distribution. This concept could maximize product shelf-life and providing the consumer with the freshest product. Alteration of some yoghurt processing parameters (e.g. milk base, heat treatment, starter culture concentration and fermentation temperature) was able make the yoghurt suitable for an MIT product. Therefore, this work is to determine the sensory characteristic of two manufacturing methods for MIT set yoghurt. Manufacturing method (1) consisted of a skim milk base fortified with milk protein concentrate (MPC) inoculated with a 0.2% (v/v) inoculum of S. thermophilus STM5 and L. acidophilus LA5 (STLA) in a ratio of 1:1. Manufacturing method (2) consisted of a skim milk base fortified with sodium caseinate (NaCN) inoculated with a 0.002% (v/v) inoculum of STLA. In both manufacturing methods, fermentation was at 25°C for 168 h. Sensory evaluation of the yoghurts manufactured by each method was compared with standard set yoghurt. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the two MIT set yoghurts on sensory evaluation (descriptive test) yet they were significantly different (p < 0.05) to the standard set yoghurt. MIT set yoghurts scored better than standard set yoghurt for overall acceptance.
Conectar los centros de FP con su entorno
Authors: Martín-Gutiérrez Ángela , Morales-Lozano Juan A.
Published: April 2018

Dentro de los retos sociales más acuciantes, se encuentra la formación de individuos con miras a un mundo sociolaboral complejo e inestable. Las organizaciones deben potenciar la colaboración como elemento de transformación social para su desarrollo y el de los individuos vinculados a ellas, y la formación profesional (FP) es una propuesta formativa que debe atender las necesidades y los intereses del entorno y del alumnado. Mediante un cuestionario se recaba información de 193 centros de FP reglada de Andalucía de una población de 383 estudiantes, para conocer las relaciones colaborativas mantenidas con el entorno desde la perspectiva de los equipos directivos. Los resultados muestran posibles modelos de centros en función de las características de sus colaboraciones: administrativos (A), iniciados (B), formalizados (C) y entramados (D). De ellos resalta el modelo de centros entramados como aquellos que han consolidado una cultura de colaboración que fortifica e impulsa la enseñanza de FP y el desarrollo profesional y personal del alumnado a través de la creación de redes con el entorno. Los resultados nos permiten proponer pautas para potenciar la colaboración entre los centros y sus comunidades y organizaciones de referencia formativa a nivel macro (Gobierno y Administración) y micro (equipos directivos e instituciones del entorno).
Balance de las necesidades formativas demandadas por mujeres que cursan o que han cursado ciclos de FP en familias profesionales masculinizadas: el caso de Galicia
Authors: Mariño Fernández Raquel , Rial Sánchez Antonio
Published: April 2018

El artículo que se presenta a continuación muestra un trabajo de investigación centrado en una problemática de género que continúa fraguándose entre los planes formativos: la oferta y el acceso de las mujeres a algunos sectores profesionales. Para llevarlo a cabo, se partió de un análisis de los procesos académicos y de inserción laboral femenina en las ramas industriales de formación profesional de Galicia y de una evaluación de la perspectiva que tenían sobre esta problemática los agentes implicados en el desarrollo de sus trayectorias académicas y profesionales. La metodología diseñada combinó cuestionarios, entrevistas estructuradas y grupos de discusión. Los resultados obtenidos nos permitieron conocer qué contenidos curriculares sobre temáticas de igualdad se contemplan y se abordan en sus programaciones, así como los conocimientos y las competencias que, en materia de igualdad, alcanzan en el transcurso de su formación académica. También nos ayudaron a comprender cómo se construyen sus procesos de inserción laboral y las dificultades y/o las discriminaciones con las que se suelen encontrar a lo largo de sus trayectorias profesionales. Como conclusiones generales, destacamos el poco interés socioformativo que suscitan estas problemáticas y las reticencias del empresariado a erradicar sus estereotipos, así como las escasas iniciativas que sobre igualdad se promueven en estos centros formativos y entornos laborales.
Three Types of Anthropocentrism
Authors: Mylius Ben ,   International Association for Environmental Philosophy
Published: April 2018

This paper develops a language for distinguishing more rigorously between various senses of the term ‘anthropocentrism.’ Specifically, it differentiates between:1. Perceptual anthropocentrism (which characterizes paradigms informed by sense-data from human sensory organs);2. Descriptive anthropocentrism (which characterizes paradigms that begin from, center upon, or are ordered around Homo sapiens / ‘the human’)3. Normative anthropocentrism (which characterizes paradigms that constrain inquiry in a way that somehow privileges Homo sapiens / ‘the human’ [passive normative anthropocentrism]; and which characterizes paradigms that make assumptions or assertions about the superiority of Homo sapiens, its capacities, the primacy of its values, its position in the universe, and/or make prescriptions based on these assertions and assumptions [active normative anthropocentrism]).
Um olhar para a formação inicial a partir do subprojeto PIBID educação física
Authors: Callai Ana Nathalia Almeida , Jesus Rhenan Ferraz de , Sawitzki Rosalvo Luis , Becker Eriques Piccolo
Published: April 2018

No presente trabalho trataremos das relações do Subprojeto “PIBID Educação Física” com a formação inicial e iniciação a docência dos acadêmicos bolsistas deste programa. A caracterização do estudo é de natureza qualitativa, um estudo descritivo, utilizando-se de questionários como coleta de dados. Entre os resultados, destacamos que o Subprojeto vem qualificando a formação de seus bolsistas no sentido de mostrar os desafios da carreira docente. Concluímos serem positivas as trocas de experiências entre a universidade e a escola, pois os saberes articulados em ambas podem auxiliar os acadêmicos a melhor compreender as práticas educativas e a atuação profissional.
A infância escolarizada: e o tempo de brincar?
Authors: Reis Laudeth Alves dos , Moreira Wagner Wey
Published: April 2018

Este estudo investigou como professores de Educação Infantil concebem o ser criança no momento da escolarização. Foram entrevistadas dez professoras de cinco centros municipais de Educação Infantil, conveniados com o PROINFÂNCIA que trabalham com crianças de cinco anos de idade. Utilizou-se para interpretação das respostas a Técnica de Elaboração e Análise de Unidades de Significado proposta por Moreira, Simões e Porto (2005).  Com os resultados conclui-se que as professoras veem a Educação Infantil centrada no preparo para o Ensino Fundamental, acarretando prejuízos ao tempo da infância por subtrair seus momentos de brincar.
Articuler éducation aux médias et citoyenneté : une analyse du Programme de formation de l’école québécoise préscolaire-primaire
Authors: Landry Normand , Roussel Chantal
Published: April 2018

Au Canada, le faible niveau de connaissance des contenus en éducation aux médias véhiculés par lescurriculascolaires proscrit leur évaluation critique. Cet article présente les façons selon lesquelles l’éducation aux médias est introduite dans le Programme de formation de l’école québécoise (PFEQ) des niveaux préscolaire et primaire. Plus spécifiquement, il témoigne des articulations entre éducation aux médias, enfance et citoyenneté. La méthode utilisée procède au repérage et à l’extraction d’énoncés associés aux technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) et aux médias, puis à leur classement en quatre catégories principales : discours, verbes témoignant des actions de chaque catégorie d’acteurs (école, élève, enseignant), objets d’apprentissage et suggestions d’utilisation des TIC. Une classification permet de faire émerger les verbes et les objets d’apprentissage référant à la notion de citoyenneté en utilisant la définition et les composantes associées. Ces derniers sont ensuite soumis à une analyse de discours. Notre analyse fait émerger les discours véhiculés par le PFEQ sur les médias et les TIC. Elle met en exergue les rôles, les tâches et les responsabilités des différents acteurs en lien avec l’acquisition de connaissances et le développement de compétences. En outre, elle présente les actions menées par ces acteurs afin d’opérationnaliser les intentions pédagogiques du programme. La conclusion montre un faible ancrage disciplinaire des énoncés traitant de l’éducation aux médias et à la citoyenneté, des contenus pertinents, mais limités thématiquement, ainsi qu’une représentation de l’élève en tant qu’individu capable de réflexion et de pensée critique.