bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiplex Analysis of Biomarkers in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Anderson Shaya , Fuerstenberg Richard , Brumbaugh Kathy , Kalyuzhny Alex , Sommer Stacy
Published: June 2021

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, the incidence of which has been rapidly increasing over the last few decades. Traditionally, thyroid tumors are classified into two major groups based on morphologic and clinical features: undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinomaand differentiated carcinoma (papillary, follicular and medullary). Early identification and diagnosis is essential for effective treatment.

Cytokines, chemokines and growth factors play a critical role in the growth and differentiation of many target cells. These bio‐active molecules regulate the development and growth of both normal and neoplastic thyroid tissues. In addition, many cytokines and chemokines have been shown to generate antitumor responses. In patients with thyroid cancer, these molecules are often dysregulated, making them potentially useful as diagnostic biomarkers.

In this study, thyroid carcinoma tissues were collected from patients diagnosed with papillary, follicular or medullary carcinoma. Paraffin‐embedded tissue sections were analyzed by IHC and adjacent frozen tissues were homogenized and assayed for biomarkers as large multiplexes using R&D Systems™ Luminex® Screening Assays (Catalog# LxSAH). Initial testing was done using a multiplex of 27 relevant biomarkers. Results were verified by western blotting. The multiplex data was used to establish a biomarker profile for each of the three cancer types.

In a follow up study, sera from five thyroid cancer patients and five apparently normal healthy individuals were evaluated using the same multiplexes. The serum results were compared to the tissue profiles with the intent of aiding in identification of the cancer type.
Thioesterase Superfamily Member 2 (Them2) Channels Fatty Acids to Glycerol‐3‐Phosphate Acyltransferase‐1 (GPAT1): Role in Hepatic Insulin Resistance
Authors: Minami Akihiro , Cooper Daniel , Coleman Rosalind , Cohen David
Published: June 2021

Them2 is a mitochondria‐associated acyl‐CoA thioesterase, which promotes fatty acid oxidation within hepatocytes apparently by generating free fatty acids that are re‐esterified to CoA by long chain acyl‐CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) for uptake by carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1. ACSL1‐generated fatty acyl‐CoAs may also become substrates for GPAT1, which initiates the synthesis of glycerolipids. Diacylglycerols and phosphatidic acid suppress insulin signaling by activating PKCε or inactivating mTORC2, respectively, and GPAT1 overexpression in liver promotes hepatic insulin resistance. Because livers of Them2‐/‐ mice exhibit increased sensitivity to insulin, we examined whether Them2 promotes GPAT1‐mediated suppression of insulin signaling. Using recombinant adenovirus, GPAT1 or GFP was overexpressed in mouse livers. GPAT1 but not GFP overexpression promoted hepatic synthesis of glycerolipids in both Them2+/+ and Them2‐/‐ mice. As evidenced by increased ratios of membrane/cytosolic PKCε, GPAT1 overexpression activated PKCε in livers of Them2+/+ mice, an effect that was attenuated in the absence of Them2 expression. Consistent with the contribution of Them2 to GPAT1‐induced hepatic insulin resistance, when primary mouse hepatocytes were infected with GPAT1 adenovirus, insulin‐mediated Akt phosphorylation was increased at S473 and T308 in the absence of Them2 expression. These findings implicate Them2 in channeling fatty acids to GPAT1 and in the pathogenesis of hepatic insulin resistance.

Support: NIH DK48873, DK56626 and DK56598; Sumitomo Life Welfare and Culture Foundation
Anthropometric Parameters As Preditor of Obesity Among Pregnant Women in Portharcourt Nigeria
Authors: Vidona Willy , Ihentuge Churchill , Ijeoma Phillis , Akpuaka Frank
Published: June 2021

There have been controversies on defined anthropometric parameters for assessment of obesity in pregnant women, because certain cut‐off values relating to it are influenced by age, sex, ethnicity and trimesters of pregnancy. This study is aimed at investigating the use of anthropometric parameters to measure obesity and determine its prevalence in the different trimesters of pregnancy. It is a prospective study of 460 pregnant women in the sample proportion of 110, 110, 240 in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd trimesters respectively chosen randomly from antenatal clinic of PHC centre. Measurements of height, weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HP) were obtained. Basal metabolic index (BMI) was calculated from values of height and weight. Waist to height ratio (WHtR) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were also calculated from waist and hip values. The result showed a BMI prevalence of 3.6%, 7.3% and 0.8%; WC prevalence of 15.5%, 15.5% and 3%; WHR prevalence of 43.6%, 35.5% and 14.2%; WHtR prevalence of 56.4%, 51.8% and 40% all in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters respectively. A negative linear correlation was shown between the other indices and BMI as an independent variable in first trimester with value(r=‐0.015) against a (r=0.085 and 0.165) in WC and WHtR respectively. There was an association among the other anthropometric indices against BMI with no significant difference (p<0.05). The study provides a low prevalence of BMI and WC and also a high prevalence of WHR and WHtR in relation to WHO values as well as establishing 1st trimester as a good indicator of obesity in pregnant women and WHtR as a better predictor of obesity in the population studied. The results of this study are recommended as a guide for clinical judgement in management of obesity.
Unbiased Glycomics in Cardio‐pulmonary Disease
Authors: Ishihara Mayumi , Zhang Hanrui , Kumagai Tadahiro , Stalnaker Stephanie , Bridger Robert , Wells Lance , Tiemeyer Michael , Reilly Muredach , Azadi Parastoo
Published: June 2021

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most common causes of death in developed countries and their prevalence rate is rapidly growing. Understanding of changes in proteins, sphingolipids and their post‐translational modifications (PTMs) associated with disease progression are essential for elucidating the mechanisms by which these changes influence risk for CVD.

Toward this end, MS analyses were performed in (a) platelets (resting, activated and sheddome preparations) of healthy humans, (b) in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells and iPS‐derived endothelial cells and (c) in a pilot case‐control study of early onset MI cases vs. chronic coronary atherosclerosis cases vs. older disease free controls drawn from our large PennCath cohort angiographically defined patients with heart disease.

For platelet study, collected resting platelets were activated in vitro. The activated‐platelet supernatant was analyzed as sheddome. Our MS analysis indicated that N‐glycans from resting and activated platelets are a mixture of high‐mannose type and complex type structures. Comparatively, those from sheddome were primarily sialylated complex type structures. The main O‐glycans in resting platelets and sheddome were O‐glucose type structures. For glycosphingolipids, expression levels of lactosylceramide and ganglioside GM3, were decreased and increased, respectively, following platelet activation. Moreover, a main glycoprotein and its PTMs in sheddome were identified by lectin blotting and proteomic/glycoproteomic analyses. Overall, our findings provided the basis for the further studies understanding the mechanism of the occurrence of CVD.
Identifying Transcriptional Changes in a Conditional Knockout Mouse
Authors: Burgan Richard , Dries Daniel , Yu Gang
Published: June 2021

gamma‐secretase is a multi‐subunit, proteolytic complex that is directly involved in the pathogenicity of Alzheimer's disease. Recently, a mouse was developed in which gamma‐secretase was conditionally knocked out of oligodendrocytes, or the myelinating cells of the brain. Knockout of gamma‐secretase produced a striking non‐cognitive neurological phenotype, reminiscent of schizophrenia. Here, we compare the transcriptomes of cKO mice and control mice by means of RNA‐seq analysis to identify candidate genes that may explain the complex neurological phenotype exhibited by our conditional knockout mice.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Grant 1R01NS079796
Macrophage activation properties of probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi
Authors: Kim Wooki
Published: June 2021

Kimchi, including long‐term ripened mukeunji, was studied for pleiotropic bio‐functionalities in various health promoting effects. During fermentation of mukeunji, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) comprises the majority of bacterial population. In this study, the probiotic abilities of LAB isolated from commercially availablemukeunji were sought. For this purpose, acid‐ and bile‐tolerance of the LAB isolates were tested followed by the assessment of their immunoboosting effects on murine macrophage RAW264.7 cell‐line. In order to investigate the role of dead LAB during digestion on the immune systems, heat‐killed LAB were also tested for their contribution to the cytokine production. Selected LAB were further characterized by comparison of whole‐cell protein patterns and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene, and identified as Lactobacillus (Lb) paracasei, Lb. brevis, Lb. plantarum, Lb. sakei, Weissella cibaria, Pediococcus damnosus, and P. parvulus. These data provide the basic mechanistic explanation of immune‐boosting of mukeunji, which is highly consumed in Korea, though detailed epidemiological and feeding studies are needed.
Combination of Anti‐Inflammatory Nutrients shows Synergistic Potential at Modulating Pro‐Inflammatory Cytokines in an In Vitro Setting
Authors: Connaughton RM , Kirwan AM , McMorrow AM , McGillicuddy FC , Lithander FE , Roche HM
Published: June 2021

LC n‐3 PUFAs, vitamin C and EGCG display anti‐inflammatory properties. Studies looking at these nutrients individually have shown mixed results. A combination of anti‐inflammatory nutrients may be more beneficial at modulating inflammation. We hypothesize that the synergistic potential of a combination of anti‐inflammatory nutrients would be greater than the effect of single nutrients and polyphenols.

J774.2 macrophages were pre‐treated with EPA, DHA, vitamins C and E, EGCG and lycopene (50µM) individually or in different combinations (final concentration 50µM) for 24hrs. J774.2 macrophages were LPS‐stimulated (10ng/ml) for 3‐24hrs to assess cytokine secretion. ATP (5mM) was added to assess IL‐1β. Several signalling pathways were determined by immunoblot analysis.

All 6 compounds combined attenuated LPS‐induced IL‐6 and ATP‐induced IL‐1β secretion. The pathways being modulated by the nutrients varied. LC n‐3 PUFAs reduced LPS‐induced TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β. The anti‐oxidant/polyphenols modulated IL‐6 and IL‐1β as effectively as LC n‐3 PUFA, but did not alter TNF‐α. The mechanistic basis of the IL‐1β response was different. Pro‐IL‐1β priming was significantly reduced by LC n‐3 PUFA, whereas the anti‐oxidant/polyphenols did not reduce pro‐IL‐1β, indicating they modulate activation of IL‐1β.

The anti‐inflammatory potential of LC n‐3 PUFA versus anti‐oxidant/polyphenol combinations is very different. Additionally, LC n‐3 PUFA reduced priming of pro‐IL‐1β, whereas the anti‐oxidant/polyphenol combination did not.

Funding: National Children's Research Centre, Ireland & SFI 11/PI/1117
The Effect of Dietary Glycemic Properties on Markers of Inflammation, Insulin Resistance and Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Bihuniak Jessica , Stojkovic Violeta , Simpson Christine , Sullivan Rebecca , Cusano Anna Maria , Insogna Karl
Published: June 2021

Whether high glycemic index/glycemic load (GI/GL) diets increase low‐grade inflammation leading to changes in body composition and risk for chronic illness remains uncertain. We recently completed a study comparing the effects of a 45 g whey protein supplement (PRO) and an isocaloric maltodextrin supplement (CHO) on BMD and body composition in older adults. The study afforded an opportunity to evaluate the impact of a calibrated increase in GI/GL on markers of inflammation, insulin resistance and body composition. Eighty four postmenopausal women who consumed a minimum of 20 g of either supplement (PRO, n=38; CHO, n=46) daily for 18 months were studied. GI/GL was estimated from 3‐day food records. At the end of 18 months the GL in the CHO group increased by 34%, 88.4±5.2 → 118.5±4.9 (P<0.0001) and did not change in the PRO group, 86.5±4.1 → 81.9±3.6. Despite this, there were no differences in serum CRP, IL‐6, or HOMA at 18 months between the two groups, nor when individuals in the highest GL quartile (N=21) were compared to the lowest quartile (N=20). At 18 months, truncal lean mass (P=0.007) and total lean mass (P=0.04) were significantly higher in the PRO group compared to the CHO group. In contrast, the highest GL quartile had significantly higher BMI (P=0.03) and total fat mass (P=0.005) with a significant decline in the lean/fat ratio (P=0.0008). Our data suggest that as dietary GL increases within the moderate range, there is no detectable change in markers of inflammation or insulin resistance, despite which there is a negative effect on lean body mass.
Analysis of Correlational Validity Between OGTT Results and a Carbohydrate Intolerance Questionnaire
Authors: Levers K , Galvan E , Coletta A , Dalton R , Jung Y , O'Connor A , Goodenough C , Simbo S , Koozehchian M , Sanchez B , Rasmussen C , Greenwood M , Earnest C , Kreider R
Published: June 2021

Diagnosing insulin resistance via an OGTT can be costly and impractical. However, this information can be useful in recommending proper diet for individuals interested in losing weight. This study examined the association between responses to a 36 question carbohydrate intolerance questionnaire (CIQ) and responses to an OGTT in 108 women (31.6±13 yr, 34.7±7% body fat, 25.3±4 kg/m2). Participants submitted to DEXA body composition, health marker determination, and underwent a serial sampled (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes) 75 g OGTT. We examined the relationship between CIQ questions and the 2hr OGTT sampling (G120) and glucose AUC (GAUC). Results revealed significant correlations (p<0.05) between G120 (112±25 mg/dl) and perceptions of being >25 lbs overweight (r=0.25), waist:hip ratio (r=0.28), and BIA body fat (r=0.22). Results also revealed significant correlations (p<0.05) with GAUC (264±46 mg/hr/dL) to being overweight throughout life (r=‐0.19), being overweight since youth (r=‐0.27), gaining weight after age 30 (r=0.20), eating 3 meals/d (r=‐0.19), and waist:hip ratio (r=0.33). These findings indicate that OGTT G120 and GAUC results correlate with simple CI questions and basic body comp/health measures that may help practitioners make more informed recommendations about appropriate diet interventions.
Effects of 28 Days of Two Creatine Nitrate Based Dietary Supplements on Body Composition and Exercise Performance in Recreationally Active Males
Authors: Galvan E , Walker D , Simbo S , O'Connor A , Goodenough C , Dalton R , Levers K , Barringer N , Cho M , Koozehchian M , Ayadi F , Jung Y , Rasmussen C , Greenwood M , Murano P , Earnest C , Kreider R
Published: June 2021

We examined 28d of randomly assigned of (1) Placebo (PL), (2) Creatine (CR, 3 g), (3) Creatine Nitrate (CrN; 1 g CR; 0.5 N) and (4) CrN2X (2 g CR; 1.0 g N) on exercise performance and body composition. Participants (N=48; 21 ±3 y) presented for fasting (12h) testing after abstaining from exercise and alcohol for 48h. Performance (reps at 70% of bench press 1 RM [BP] and repeated sprints on cycle ergometer) was measured at 0 & 4 wks. Body composition (DXA) was measured at 0, 1, & 4 wks. We used GLM to examine mean change (95% CI) from baseline. While all three treatment groups significantly increased BP repetition at 4 wks, total BP lifting volume was greater at 4 wks for CrN2X (294.6 lbs; 95% CI, 196, 393) vs CrN (164.2 lbs; 95% CI, 25, 304) and PL (187.1 lbs;95% CI, 37, 336, both p=0.02). No treatment effects were observed for cycle ergometry testing (peak or mean power, fatigue slope, and total work). While no difference in fat mass were observed for any treatment group, CrN2X did augment lean mass (1.2 lbs; 95% CI, 0.3, 2.1) and fat‐free mass (1.1 lbs; 95% CI, 0.2, 2). Our results indicate that CrN2X can increase muscular endurance, and lean and fat‐free mass.
Impact of Arginine Supplementation on Hormonal Levels in Trained Endurance Athletes during Recovery Period
Authors: Koozehchian M , Moosakhani A , Soori R , Zuo L , Shariatzadeh M , Moosakhani F , Kreider R
Published: June 2021

Purpose

To study the effect of arginine (AR) supplementation during a seven‐day training period on selected hormones in endurance swimmers.

Methods

20 male swimmers (age=30±5yr) were assigned into either AR (n=10) or placebo (PL) (n=10) groups. Pre‐ and post‐training continuous 1500‐meter swimming tests were performed. Fasting blood samples were obtained at rest, 0, 5, 30, and 60‐min during recovery.

Results

Insulin levels were lower in the AR compared to the PL group at 0‐min [A: 11.86±2.8; P: 18.66±8.3 ng/ml, P=0.033]; however, it increased at 5‐min recovery point [A: 24.9±7.01; P: 8.97±5.4 ng/ml, P=0.000]. The testosterone levels were higher in the AR compared to the PL group at 30‐min [A: 6.03±1.7; P: 3.91±0.7 ng/ml, P=0.003] and 60‐min recovery points [A: 5.57±1.9; P: 3.61±0.97 ng/ml, P=0.013]. The cortisol levels were lower in the AR compared to the PL group at 5‐min [A: 156±9.3; P: 198.4±41.8 ng/ml, P=0.005] and 30‐min recovery points [A: 147.11±34; P: 188.25±45 ng/ml, P=0.027]. Despite some trends in growth hormone levels, no significant increases were observed between groups (P>0.05).

Conclusion

AR supplementation elevates selected hormonal levels, which may improve recovery in athletes.
Assessing Shape Asymmetry in Human Femora and Humeri
Authors: Tyas Caitlin , Sylvester Adam
Published: June 2021

Most humans demonstrate a right side bias in upper limb skeletal dimensions, and a similar but smaller dominance in the left lower limb. Although several studies have documented patterns of asymmetry in long bone linear dimensions, relatively little research has been conducted looking at shape asymmetry among the limb bones. The goal of this study was an initial assessment of three‐dimensional shape asymmetries in human humeri and femora. A secondary goal was to determine if areas of shape asymmetry are associated with muscle attachment sites.

Computed tomography scans of 17 human femora and humeri pairs were segmented from image stacks to produce three‐dimensional surface models. Left bones were reflected and were surface aligned with paired right bones. Shape variation was quantified as the root mean square (RMS) value of distances between vertices representing the right bone model and the closest point on the surface of the reflected left bone model. Shape differences between models were visualized using colorized distance maps, and common areas of shape variation were compared for association with muscle attachment sites.

When RMS values between paired bones were scaled for size (maximum bone length) the difference between the humerus and femur approaches statistical significance (p = 0.06), suggesting a greater average difference between humeri pairs compared to pairs of femora. If bones within pairs were scaled to the same length, the difference becomes less dramatic (p > 0.10) suggesting that the greater asymmetry in the humerus is largely a function of bone length, a result which corroborates findings by other researchers. Distance maps suggest that shape variation is concentrated around the proximal and distal ends of both bones largely in areas of muscle attachments.
Characterization of Vanilla Taste Preference
Authors: Nelson Heather , Lange Katelynn , Hunter Stephanie , O'Bert Amelia , Wilson Ted
Published: June 2021

Consumer taste preference for vanilla determines the value of manufactured products. This study created a method for measuring vanilla taste preference. In double blind fashion, subjects (19.3±2.6 years) tasted artificial vanilla (A) and pure vanilla ethanol extracts (B) and (C) in sugar water (1.5% vanilla; 3.5% sugar), 2% milk (1.5% vanilla), and icing (0.42% vanilla) on a graham cracker. On a preference scale (1‐low to 10‐high) A, B, and C in icing ranked 6.65±2.06, 6.59±1.93, and 6.48±2.15 (p= 0.7260); A, B, and C in milk ranked 5.56±2.11, 5.28±2.18, and 4.67±2.00 (A>C, p=0.0010; B>C, p=0.0382); A, B and C in sugar water ranked 6.20±2.04, 4.12±1.79, and 4.55±2.27 (A>C, p= <0.0001; A>B, p= <0.0001). Vanilla flavor word choices for A, B and C were bitter, caramelized, floral, fruity, hay‐like, honey, rummy, sweet, and woody (1‐weak to 5‐strong). Top icing flavors for A were caramelized (3.08±1.28), honey (3.05±0.97), and sweet (4.00±0.98); for B were caramelized (3.03±0.99), honey (3.05±1.09), and sweet (3.89±1.06); and for C were caramelized (3.07±1.27), honey (3.10±1.11), and sweet (3.88±0.95). Top milk flavors for A were caramelized (2.67±1.11), honey (2.55±1.28), and sweet (3.00±1.13); for B, caramelized (2.83±1.18), honey (2.67±1.02), and sweet (2.86±1.06); for C, caramelized (2.65±0.92), sweet (2.95±1.23), and woody (2.74±1.19). Top sugar water flavors for A were caramelized (3.02±1.07), honey (2.95±0.97), and sweet (3.50±1.11); for B, caramelized (2.79±0.99), sweet (3.12±1.17), and woody (3.29±0.97); and for C, caramelized (3.17±0.93), honey (2.70±1.11), and sweet (3.13±1.12). Taste preferences were not significantly influenced by gender, age, or socioeconomic status.
Effects of an Exercise and Diet‐Induced Weight Loss Program on Resistin and Visfatin in Sedentary Obese Women
Authors: Khanna D , Galvan E , Baetge C , Levers K , Simbo S , Byrd M , Jung P , Koozehchian M , Rasmussen C , Greenwood M , Kreider R
Published: June 2021

Resistin and visfatin are secreted by adipose tissue and potential regulators of inflammation and insulin sensitivity. This study examined the effects of exercise and diet‐induced weight loss on resistin, visfatin and other adiposity and inflammatory markers. 26 sedentary obese women were randomly assigned into a control (C) or an exercise (E) group that involved circuit resistance‐exercise (4 d/wk) with walking (10,000 steps/d, 3 d/wk) while consuming 1,200 kcal/day for 1‐wk and 1,500 kcal/d diet for 11 wks consisting of 45:30 % PRO:CHO. Baseline and post‐training DEXA body composition and fasting blood samples were obtained and analyzed by MANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis. Data are presented as mean±SD changes from baseline. Participants in the E group lost more weight (E: ‐13.0±8.9; C: ‐1.4±3.1 lbs, p=0.001) and fat (E: ‐5.1±4.5; C:‐0.4±1.5 kg, p=0.001). Significant differences were seen between groups in leptin (E: ‐19.8±21.9; C: 4.5±16 ng/ml, p=0.003) while visfatin (E: ‐0.09±15.4; C: 89.3±177 ng/ml, p=0.095), IL‐6 (E: ‐38.9±46; C:264.4±597 %, p=0.093), TNF‐α (E: 1.57±28; C: 96.9±186 %, p=0.093), and insulin (E: ‐8.5±14.9; C:0.12±7.7 uIU/ml, p=0.070) tended to differ between groups and no differences were seen in resistin (E: 5.7±126; C: ‐62.3±162 ng/ml, p=0.25) or glucose (E: ‐3.8±19.8; C:‐2.8±6.9 %, p=0.87). Significant correlations were seen between changes in resistin and TNF‐α (r = ‐0.49) while changes in visfatin correlated with changes in leptin (r=0.51) and IL6 (r=0.91). These findings indicate that exercise has beneficial effects on weight loss and body composition and this may adiposity and inflammatory markers.
Grape Powder Reverses Deleterious Effects of GLP‐1 Receptor Antagonism on Oral Glucose Tolerance in Mice
Authors: Haufe Thomas , Gilley Andrew , Goodrich Katheryn , Ryan Caroline , Smithson Andrew , Neilson Andrew
Published: June 2021

The mechanism by which grapes and grape flavan‐3‐ols improve glycemic control is poorly understood. Studies have shown that dietary flavan‐3‐ols may act in the gut to increase secretion of incretins such as glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1). Our objectives were to determine the impact of grapes on GLP‐1 signaling and acute glycemic control, and compare the effects of grape administration to the gut vs. peripheral tissues. The impact of a GLP‐1 receptor antagonist (vs. vehicle) on oral glucose tolerance was studied in mice administered either grape powder (a substitute for fresh grapes) or control. Additionally, the effect of delivering grape (or control) orally vs. to the intraperitoneal (i.p.) cavity was examined. In control mice, GLP‐1 receptor antagonism significantly increased oral glucose area under the curve (AUC) vs. vehicle. While grape powder did not lower AUC in vehicle‐treated mice compared to vehicle‐treated control, it did inhibit the deleterious effects of GLP‐1 receptor antagonism compared to GLP‐1 receptor antagonism in control mice. This suggests that grapes may not affect normal glucose metabolism, but may prevent the negative effects of a blunted incretin response in prediabetes and diabetes. However, the mechanism remains unknown. Administration of grape powder to peripheral tissues (via i.p. injection) resulted in significantly elevated oral glucose AUC compared to oral administration of grape powder. This suggests that increased bioavailability of grape constituents to peripheral tissues (i.e. skeletal muscle) may not results in improved anti‐diabetic activities. This research was funded by The California Table Grape Commission.
L‐ Cysteine Supplementation Increases Adiponectin Synthesis and Secretion by Upregulating Disulfide Bond A‐like Protein in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes Exposed to High Glucose
Authors: Achari Arunkumar , Jain Sushil
Published: June 2021

Adiponectin is an insulin sensitizer and has antidiabetic properties, and its plasma levels are decreased in obesity and type 2 diabetes (D). Disulfide‐bond A oxidoreductase‐like protein (DsbA‐L) plays an important role in the multimerization and secretion of adiponectin. D patients have lower blood levels of L‐cysteine (LC), a precursor of GSH and hydrogen sulfide. This study investigates the hypothesis that L‐cysteine treatments increase DsbA‐L expression levels and thereby can increase adiponectin synthesis and secretion in high glucose‐treated 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. 3T3‐L1 adipocytes were preincubated (2 hours) with and without L‐cysteine (0‐500 µM) and then exposed to HG (25 mM) for 20 hours. DsbA‐L expression was determined by western blotting and total adiponectin assay by ELISA kit. Results (n=3) show that HG‐alone treatment caused reduced expression of DsbA‐L (28%) in cells and secretion of adiponectin (19.5%) in the medium; and pretreatment with LC increased the level of DsbA‐L expression (18%) and adiponectin secretion (11.5%) in high glucose treated adipocytes. This study suggests that L‐cysteine supplementation upregulate the DsbA‐L and adiponectin synthesis and secretion and thereby can help promote the insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. Supported by grant from the NIH/NCCAM (1 R01AT007442).
Effect of Phenethyl Isothiocyanate on p21Waf1/Cip1 Regulation of Cell Cycle Arrest in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Brebberman Ryan , Stan Silvia
Published: June 2021

Pancreatic cancer continues to be a disease with a dismal prognosis primarily due to diagnosis occurring later in the progression of the disease. Once at an advanced stage, treatment of the tumor through conventional therapies often proves ineffective prompting the need for preventive strategies for this cancer. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a natural compound found in cruciferous vegetables such as watercress. In this study we show that PEITC inhibited proliferation of MIAPaca2 and PL45 pancreatic cancer cells, and induced mitotic arrest within 8 and 16 h of treatment as evidenced by a dose‐dependent increase in expression of phospho‐histone H3 (Ser10), a marker of cells undergoing mitosis. Treatment with PEITC led to phosphorylation of p53 tumor suppressor protein, and modulated the p53‐inducible gene product p21Waf1/Cip1. PEITC induced a dose‐dependent upregulation in p21Waf1/Cip1 tumor suppressor protein in MIAPaca2 and PL45 pancreatic cancer cells within 4 and 8 h of treatment. In conclusion, the growth inhibitory effect of PEITC was associated with activation of p53, upregulation of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p21Waf1/Cip1, and induction of mitotic arrest in pancreatic cancer cells, and warrants further investigation of PEITC as a chemopreventive agent for pancreatic cancer. This study was supported in part by PUCCR ACS IRG#58‐006‐53 (awarded to SDS).
Waist Circumference Percentile Values of a Sample of Mexican Children Compared to Mexican American and Spanish References
Authors: Arellano Maria del Rocio , Ferrer Rocio , Caamaño Maria del Carmen
Published: June 2021

Waist circumference (WC) predicts adiposity and risk of metabolic syndrome in children as well as in adults. Studies demonstrate that age, sex, gender and ethnic background have to be considered to establish reference values (Zimmet,2007; Fernández,2004; Serra,2002)

Objective

To obtain percentile values from waist circumference measurements of 2023 Mexican children aged 4 to 11 years and compare them with those of Mexican‐american and Spanish references

Methodology

previous informed consent and standardization of anthropometric technique, WC was measured in a sample of 2023 children from 4 to 11 years of age in their school environment in Queretaro, Mexico. Measurements were performed with a Rosscraft Tape to the 0.1cm in the middle point between iliac and costal bones. The average of three measurements was calculated. After a WC frequency analysis by age and sex, 10 to 90th Percentile values were calculated and compared to two different reference population values (NHANES III Mexican American children 2‐18 years old and Enkid reference from Spanish population aged 2 to 25 years), using a kappa test and SPSS,V18.

Results

Mexican children WC 10,25,50,75 and 90th percentile values, were obtained by age and sex. WC 90th percentile has been suggested as a cut off value to predict metabolic risk in children. For 10 year old Mexican girls it was above the 80cms cut off point of adult Mexican women. A moderate association (Kappa 0.477 p<0.001) and a weak association (kappa .387 p<0.001) was found with Mexican American and Spanish references respectively.

Conclusion

WC percentile values correlate better between Mexican and Mexican American children than with the Spanish reference

Research grant FOMIX‐CONACYT‐QRO2011C02‐175220
Gender Differences in Associations between Foods Away‐From‐Home Consumption and BMI among Chinese Adults
Authors: Du Wenwen , Wang Huijun , Zhang Bing
Published: June 2021

Objectives

To explore the different associations between foods away‐from‐home (FAFH) consumption by locations and BMI among Chinese males and females.

Methods

A cross‐sectional sample of 7738 non‐pregnant individuals aged 18 to 60 y from China Health and Nutrition Survey was analyzed in the present study. Participants who reported having diagnosed chronic diseases history were excluded. FAFH was defined as foods prepared away from home, including foods from restaurant, school/work unit, and other locations. Percent energy from each FAFH sources and from total FAFH was calculated, respectively. BMI was calculated as weight (kg) divided by squared height (m2). Quantile regression models for BMI were separately performed by genders, exploring varied impacts of FAFH consumption by locations across the quantiles of BMI through controlling covariates.

Results

The quantile regression estimates for total FAFH consumption were statistically significant across the entire BMI quantiles for males and for females at lower quantiles.

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The results showed higher BMI for more FAFH consumption at restaurant in males and in females at the bottom and upper quantiles. More school/work unit foods consumption was positively related to higher BMI in males, while school/work unit foods illustrated a negative relationship with BMI in females, especially at the top quantiles. FAFH consumption at other locations was only found positively associated with BMI in females (at 75th and 90th quantiles), not in males.

Conclusion

Further public health efforts are needed to improve diet quality when eating out according to gender disparities in associations between FAFH consumption and BMI among Chinese adults.
The Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency, Anxiety, and Depression
Authors: Alatram Abdulrahman
Published: June 2021

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that plays several important physiologic roles. While most vitamin deficiencies are rare in the developed world, vitamin D is the only one that remains prevalent.Newer research on vitamin D has identified possible mechanisms through which it could affect mood.

Therefore a correlation of vitamin D deficiency with anxiety and depression among students of the Faculty of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were conducted. The Faculty of Dentistry, Majmaah University is located in Zulfi , a city in Riyadh Province in central Saudi Arabia.

Blood samples were collected from 43 male students to check the serum levels of vitamin D. An anxiety scale consisting of 47 statements was used to determine the anxiety. The Beck Depression Inventory was used to record the depression.

Analysis of the data indicated that Vitamin D deficiency was very prevalent among the given sample and showed a positive correlation with anxiety. However no positive correlation was seen with depression. Extensive studies should be conducted in different regions of Saudi Arabia to consider if vitamin D can be used for prevention and treatment of anxiety in this region.
Processed Food and the Impact of Sodium
Authors: Brito Adriana , Spinelli Monica
Published: June 2021

For the benefit of the people, sodium intake should be restricted. It is important that clients Units Food and Nutrition (UAN) know what comen.La intent of this research was to teach the impact of sodium in industrialized products offered by uans, using as reference the suggestion of World Health Organization (WHO ) daily consumption of less than 5g of sodium chloride. For this they were used documents stock control each UAN, information of industrialized products used in thirty days you were collected. The amount of sodium was filtered result of the multiplication of information on food labels for the amount used in preparing lunches. Based on this and on the number of meals served, the average amount of sodium was filtered. It was found that the average sodium content in the foods used in high és more prepared than 700mg estimates for a lunch given the suggestion of WHO and distribution of total energy value (TEV) daily, which estimates lunch is about 35% of VET. The result of the unit “1” was equal to 1.583,69mg; the unidade “2” was equal to 970,68mg; unit “3” was equal to 1.075,05mg and unity “4” was equal to 1.769,21mg. Sauces, condiments and processed meats destacáranse units as some constituents of the high value of sodium in processed products. Sobresalióse also use softener meat, gelatin and potato fry. Following the successful model applied by other countries, reducing the sodium content of processed products, success is achieved from the consciousness of business managers food and the Brazilian government.
German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) Extract and Its Major Polyphenols Inhibit Intestinal α‐glycosidases in vitro
Authors: Villa‐Rodriguez Jose , Kerimi Asimina , Abranko Laszlo , Williamson Gary
Published: June 2021

Excessive post‐prandial glucose concentration is associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Polyphenols represent a biologically active class of molecules which have been tested as supporting or alternative therapies for a number of chronic diseases. In this work we assessed the acarbose‐like activity of German chamomile extract (GCE) and related polyphenols on intestinal α‐glycosidases as a therapeutic approach for decreasing postprandial hyperglycemia.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of GCE was performed by HPLC‐ESI‐MS and HPLC‐DAD respectively, where four major polyphenols were identified namely cis‐ and trans‐ferulic acid hexoside, apigenin‐7‐O‐glucoside (A7G) and apigenin. Identification of ferulic acid hexosides was performed by accurate mass Q/TOFMS and their isomeric structures were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR for the first time. The in vitro inhibition studies revealed that GCE and polyphenols inhibit salivary human α‐amylase (HSA) and maltase in a dose‐dependent manner; however their inhibitory effect was greater on HSA. Apigenin was the most potent inhibitor of HSA with IC50 of 28 µM (p蠄0.05). When polyphenols were tested in combination at concentrations quantified in the extract, an additive effect was observed where A7G had the highest contribution (p蠄0.05). For maltase, A7G exhibited the highest inhibition (33%), nonetheless neither the GCE nor the polyphenols achieved 50% inhibition.

The anti‐diabetic effect of German chamomile has been reported in the literature but the underlying mechanism is yet elusive. Our results suggest that this bioactivity could partially be mediated by the inhibition of intestinal glycosidases by the major polyphenols present.
The Characteristics of Young Children According to Dietary Supplement Use in Infancy: Data from the KNHANES IV and V (2009‐2012)
Authors: Kwon Kyungmin , Shim Jae Eun , Paik Hee Young
Published: June 2021

The interest of dietary supplement intake in early childhood is increasing. However, few studies have been conducted in Korea to examine the influence on health and growth. This study was conducted to assess the sociodemographic characteristics, health and growth outcomes, and dietary intakes of young children according to dietary supplement use in infancy. Data from 1,262 subjects aged 1‐3 years with 24hr diet recall data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV and V (2009‐2012) were analyzed. We compared the differences of sociodemographic characteristics, health and growth outcomes including diagnosed disease, perceived health state, current health problem, weight‐for‐age, height‐for‐age, and weight‐for‐height, and dietary intakes between supplement users and non‐users. The prevalence of supplement use was 34.4%. The supplement use was significantly higher in older children and children of mothers with lower education level or supplement use. No significant differences between groups were observed in dietary intakes and most of health and growth outcomes, however, children without diagnosed disease or with weight‐for‐age less than 10 percentile used supplement more than the counterparts. Therefore, the early supplement use may be related to age, diagnosed disease, weight‐for‐age, and mother's education level and supplement use. Further studies are needed to assess the influence of dietary supplement on the long term growth and health in Korean children.

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (grant no. 2013R1A1A2057600)
Changes in Heart of Wistar Induced Morphology by Associate Fructose Consumption and Curcuma longa
Authors: Ferron Artur , Francisqueti Fabiane , Betti Isabella , Minatel Igor , Nascimento André , Santos Klinsmann , Corrêa Camila
Published: June 2021

Objective

To evaluate the effect of fructose consumption, Curcuma longa(Cu) and the association between them on cardiac morphology.

Methods

44 male Wistar rats were assigned to receive water + standard diet (group C, n = 12) or standard diet with water + 30% fructose (F group, n = 32) for 15 weeks. After this period, the animals were again divided into standard diet + water (group C, n = 10); Standard diet + F (F group, n = 12); standard diet + F + Cu solution at a concentration of 80 mg / kg by gavage (F + Cu group, n = 9) and standard diet + Cu (exF + Cu group, n = 11) for 9 weeks. After euthanasia, were heavy hearts, left and right ventricles. Comparisons by mony T Student

Results

The F group had higher heart weight, left ventricular (LV) and right ventricle (RV) compared to C group (F = 1.13 ± 0.06 x C = 1.00 ± 0.09mg), (F = 0.83 ± 0.06 x C = 0.74 ± 0.06mg), (F = 0.20 ± 0.01 x C = 0.18 ± 0.02 mg). There was no statistical difference in results between the F vs F + cu groups. However, the F + Cu group were higher in heart (17%) and LV (11%) compared with C animals, but RV showed no difference. However, the hearts, LV and RV animal F + Cu group were 16%, 17% and 23% heavier compared to exFcu group. The animals of F has the heart (18%), LV (17%) and RV (23%) higher compared to the group exFcu

Conclusion

fructose consumption, as well as its association with Curcuma longa imply cardiac remodeling, represented by the greater weight heart, LV and RV, but this effect can be reversed in the removal of fructose and administration of Curcuma longa to treat.
Does Habitual Fruit Consumption Modulate Microvascular Endothelial Function in Healthy Human Participants?
Authors: Tsiountsioura Melina , Sayegh Marietta , Ray Sumantra
Published: June 2021

Background

Previous studies have reported inverse association between fruit consumption and cardiovascular risk.

Aim

We investigated whether increasing habitual fruit consumption improves capillary blood flow and endothelial function in healthy participants.

Methods

Data were collected from 66 individuals (45.7±9.27y; 23M; 43F). Fruit portion consumption ranging from 0‐8 was measured using 'FACET' validated questionnaires. Microvascular function was measured using controlled Laser Doppler Iontophoresis (Moor LDI), with acetylcholine (Ach) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), delivered to dermal forearm vessels, at 100 µA x 60s.

Results

Results are presented on a log scale in Table 1. No statistically significant differences were observed with increasing fruit portions when compared to a null reference point.

Table 1

Model 1*
Model 2**

Ref coeff (95% CI)
Ref coeff (95% CI)

Fruit portions
1
0.22 (‐0.024 ‐ 0.46)
0.22 (‐0.04 ‐ 0.49)

2
0.20 (‐0.04 ‐ 0.44)
0.21 (‐0.04 ‐ 0.46)

3
0.06 (‐0.17 ‐ 0.30)
0.08 (‐0.17 ‐ 0.32)

4‐8
0.04 (‐0.19 ‐ 0.28)
0.04 (‐0.22 ‐ 0.29)

P trend
0.515
0.450

*Adjusted for BMI, Age, Gender, Income

**Adjusted for BMI, Age, Gender, Income and Fruit Juice Consumption

Conclusion

These findings suggest that self‐reported habitual fruit consumption (with and without fruit juice) in line with general recommendations does not significantly modulate an otherwise sensitive vascular biomarker such as LDI. This strengthens the case for controlled fruit intervention studies.
Chrysobalanus icaco L. Anthocyanins Reduced Cell Proliferation and Inflammation in HT‐29 Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Venancio Vinicius , Cipriano Paula , Kim Hyemee , Mercadante Adriana , Bianchi Maria de Lourdes , Antunes Lusania , Talcott Stephen , Talcott Susanne
Published: June 2021

Chrysobalanus icaco L. (CI) is an anthocyanin‐rich fruit found in tropical areas around the globe that has not yet been widely investigated. The objective of this study was to assess the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐proliferative activities of polyphenols extracted from CI in HT‐29 colon cancer cells (1.0 to 20.0 mg/L GAE). The anthocyanins profile of the extract was determined by HPLC‐MS and identified predominantly acylated glucosides of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin and malvidin. Cell proliferation was suppressed at 20.0 mg/L. This was accompanied by an increase in intracellular ROS production as well as decreased gene expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and NF‐κB at 20.0 mg/L. These results suggest C. icaco anthocyanins posses chemopreventive activities by reducing the cell proliferation and inflammation in human colon cancer cells and these preliminary findings should be followed up with in vivo and mechanistic studies. Financial support: CNPq.
Cognitive Health in Association to Serum Vitamin Levels within Older Puerto Ricans Cognitive Health in Relation to Serum Vitamin Levels within Older Puerto Ricans
Authors: Wurth Renee , Kioumourtzoglou Marianthi , Scott Tammy , Tucker Katherine
Published: June 2021

Cognitive health is of critical importance in the aging population, where cognitive decline impacts activities of daily living and overall health status. Nutrition can help to prevent cognitive decline, especially those vitamins with established roles in cognition, such as Vitamin C and vitamin B12. We examined, longitudinally for two time waves, the relationship between serum vitamin concentrations and cognitive health in 1258 Puerto Rican men and women, aged 45‐75 years, who participated in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.The model, with cognitive exams scores for:mini mental status exam (MMSE), list learning, attention (stroop) and visuospatial, as the outcome variables, was adjusted for age, sex, tobacco use, physical activity, education and BMI. Serum vitamin B12 (ng/L) was grouped into three clinically based categories due to non‐normal distribution, and vitamin C (μmol/L) was treated as continuous. Insufficient vitamin B12 was associated with lower performance on the word list learning test, though this remained insignificant (P>0.10). Vitamin C was significantly associated with the stroop and MMSE (P<0.05), and approached significance with the visuospatial test (P<0.10), but not list learning test (P>0.10). These results suggest that higher serum concentrations for vitamins B12 and C, may be related to improvements in certain domains of cognitive function.
Nutritional factors in the genesis of severe acne
Authors: Tsoy N.О. , Batpenova G.R. , Tsoy O.G.
Published: June 2021

The study involved 180 respondents aged 15 to 25 years. 90 of them were acne patients and 90 were control group. Calculation of total energy content of daily food ration and actual nutrition was carried out according to methods recommended by the WHO and adjusted for residents of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The first task was to establish statistically significant frequency and extent of imbalance of calories consumed with food, as well as to find out dietary constituents of young people with acne compared with their healthy peers. Correlation analysis was used in case if any nutritional factor showed authentic group differences in frequency and/or extent of imbalance. Correlation analysis enables to establish relationship between this nutrition factor and clinical severity of acne. Revealed authentic strong (rs>0.7) or medium noticeable (0.7 蠅rs>0.5) correlation relationships justified performance of dispersion analysis, which allowed to prove authentic influence of the food factor on genesis of severe acne, as well as to determine extent of the impact (η2). The research proved statistically significant impact of excessive intake of calories; η2 in males (η2m) is 0.43, in females (η2f) ‐ 0.42, carbohydrates (η2m=0.23; η2f=0.35), animal fats (η2m=0.43; η2f=0.50). Deficit of vitamin A and carotene in the daily food ration has significant pathogenic effect on development of severe forms of acne (value of η2 in young men is 0.44 and 0.42 respectively, in girls‐0.46 and 0.31). Lack of vitamin D2 in food ration of young males also significantly potentiates inflammatory process (η2m=0.3). Pathogenic significance of folate deficiency in the diet of acne patients was detected only in males; while the impact is small (η2m=0.19). Deficiency of zinc in the diet induces severe forms of acne (η2m=0.44; η2f=0,34).