bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chaillot Paper On Balkans Future: A Case Of Ill-Informed Leading The Ill-Informed
Authors: Tulun Teoman Ertuğrul
Published: March 2022

EUISS has published on 3rd September 2018 Chaillot Paper No. 147 titled "Balkan futures- Three Scenarios for 2025". As it would be recalled the EU Commission adopted in February 2018 a strategy under the title of "A credible enlargement perspective for an enhanced EU engagement with the Western Balkans". We understand from its title that said Chaillot Paper No.147 (The Paper) was prepared to shed light on the possible security situation in the Balkans by 2025 which was defined as a target date for strengthening the EU. Accordingly, at the very beginning of the Paper, in Executive Summary section, it starts with the sentence "What will the Western Balkans look like in 2025?" In the Executive Summary section the authors state that "This Chaillot Paper presents three contrasting scenarios for the horizon of 2025 – best-case, medium-case, and worst-case. Each scenario takes account of the impact of underlying megatrends (trends that are unlikely to change by 2025) on the future trajectory of the region: the scenarios do not just spell out what 2025 could look like, they also explain how decisions with far-reaching consequences taken at critical junctures (called game-changers) will shape this future between today and then. First one is "The hour of Europe" which is shortly described as "a positive and optimistic vision of the future evolution of the Western Balkans." The third scenario is "The ghosts of the past". In the third doomy scenario, the authors say that "The redrawing of borders in the Balkans has not taken place without bloodshed". The paper unfortunately considers Turkey as one of the “disruptive external actors.” We have asserted for long that the name "Western Balkans" is a misnomer. We have also stressed that the EU's proposed strategy for the "Western Balkans" is a misdesign on the basis of this misnomer. Turkey is firstly a centuries old Balkan country, secondly an associate member of the EU since 1964 and lastly a NATO member since 1952. In this respect, considering Turkey as one of the “Disruptive external actors” of the Balkans is an extremely unfair characterization that the Turkish public opinion would unwaveringly reject even before the officials of Turkey.
JENIS, BENTUK, DAN CARA PENJENJANGAN KOPERASI
Authors: sandita riana putri
Published: March 2022

Jadi cooperation adalah bekerja bersama-sama atau usaha bersama-sama untuk kepentingan bersama. Jadi dapat diartikan koperasi merupakan kumpulan orang dan bukan kumpulan modal. Koperasi harus betul-betul mengabdi kepada kepentingan perikemanusiaan semata-mata dan bukan kepada kebendaan. Kerjasama dalam koperasi didasarkan pada rasa persamaan derajat, dan kesadaran para anggotanya. Koperasi merupakan wadah demokrasi ekonomi dan sosial. Koperasi adalah milik bersama para anggota, pengurus maupun pengelola. Usaha tersebut diatur sesuai dengan keinginan para anggota melalui musyawarah rapat anggota.
JENIS,BENTUK DAN PERJENJANGAN KOPERASI
Authors: khasanah uswatun
Published: March 2022

Koperasi merupakan bentuk perusahaan organisasi dimana tujuan utama nya bukan mencari keuntungan tetapi mencari kesejahteraan dari anggotanya.Koperasi sebagai perkumpulan untuk kesejahteraan bersama, melakukan usaha dan kegiatan di bidang pemenuhan kebutuhan bersama dari para anggotannya. Koperasi mempunyai peranan yang cukup besar dalam menyusun usaha bersama dari orang-orang yang mempunyai kemampuan ekonomi terbatas. Dalam rangka usaha untuk memajukan kedudukan rakyat yang memiliki kemampuan ekonomi terbatas tersebut, maka Pemerintah Indonesia memperhatikan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan perkumpulan-perkumpulan Koperasi. Pemerintah Indonesia sangat berkepentingan dengan Koperasi, karena Koperasi di dalam sistem perekonomian merupakan soko guru. Koperasi di Indonesia belum memiliki kemampuan untuk menjalankan peranannya secara efektif dan kuat. Hal ini disebabkan Koperasi masih menghadapai hambatan struktural dalam penguasaan faktor produksi khususnya permodalan.
Makalah Jenis, Bentuk dan Penjenjangan Koperasi
Authors: Aulya Winda
Published: March 2022

Koperasi merupakan salah satu bentuk badan hukum yang sudah lama dikenal di Indonesia. pelopor pengembangan perkoperasian di Indonesia adalah Bung Hatta dan sampai saat ini beliau dikenal sebagai bapak koperasi Indonesia. Menurut Kasmir (2018: 252) “Koperasi adalah badan usaha dengan kepemilikan dan pemakai jasa merupakan anggota dari koperasi itu sendiri serta pengawasannya pun dilakukan oleh mereka yang menggunakan jasa/pelayanan badan usaha itu (Richard Kohl dan Abrahamson)”. Sedangkan, menurut Undang-Undang Perkoperasian Bab 1 pasal 1 tahun 2012 koperasi adalah badan hokum yang didirikan oleh orang perseorangan atau badan hokum koperasi, dengan pemisahan kekayaan para anggotanya sebagai modal untuk menjalankan usaha yang memenuhi aspirasi dan kebutuhan bersama di bidang ekonomi, social, dan budaya sesuai dengan nilai dan prinsip koperasi.
JENIS,BENTUK DAN PENJENJANGAN KOPERASI
Authors: ramdhani ulfa
Published: March 2022

Koperasi adalah suatu bentuk kolaborasi pada perekonomian, kolaborasi ini terjadi lantaran adanya kecenderungan jenis kebutuhan hidup mereka. Mereka beserta sama mengusahakan kebutuhan sehari hari, kebutuahan yg berhubungan dengan lembaga juga tempat tinggal . Pada hakikatnya koperasi adlah organisasi ekonomi warga yg berwatak sosial, beranggotakan orang atau badan aturan yg menurut asas kekeluargaan. pada mana koperasi adalah yg sinkron menggunakan semangat jiwa gotong royong bangsa indonesia.
Studi Kasus: Aplikasi Manajemen Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa Pada Tn.B Dengan Masalah Persepsi Sensori: Halusinasi
Authors: Saleha Saleha
Published: March 2022

Gangguan jiwa adalah sindrom pola perilaku seseorang yang secara khas berkaitan dengan suatu gejala penderitaan (distress) atau hendaya (impairment) di dalam satu atau lebih fungsi yang penting dari manusia, yaitu fungsi psikologik, perilaku, biologik, dan gangguan itu tidak hanya terletak di dalam hubungan antara orang itu tetapi juga dengan masyarakat
KERJA SAMA DIBIDANG USAHA ANTAR KOPERASI
Authors: Annisa Nur
Published: April 2022

Kerjasama di bidang usaha antar koperasi yaitu salah satu bentuk kerjasama yang dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan bersama oleh antar sesama koperasi.
Hospitality gembala terhadap konflik dalam jemaat
Authors: mishelbamba@gmail.com
Published: March 2022

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pendeta melakukan tugas dan tanggungjawabnya dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada anggota jemaat. Gembala/pendeta bukan hanya memiliki tugas dan tanggngjawab untuk berkhotbah di atas mimbar tetapi gembala harus mampuh untuk mengarahkan dan membina anggota jemaat yang berkonflik didalam persekutuan agar dapat mengambil keputusan yang tepat. Gembala/pendeta harus mampuh untuk melihat situasi dan kondisi yang terjadi dalam jemaat, sekaligus memperhatikan kebutuhan anggota jemaat seperti mengadakan perkunjungan terhadap anggota jemaat yang berkonflik. Konflik seringkali dianggap sebagai suatu kejadian yang tidak baik dan didalamnya selalu ada perdebatan dengan persepsi masing-masing. Konflik yang terjadi dalam jemaat dapat membuat hubungan antara anggota jemaat menjadi renggang bahkan menjauhi persekutuan. Peran gembala sangat dibutuhkan agar menjaga hospitalitas antara anggota jemaat untuk mendamaikan yang berkonflik. Ini merupakan salah satu tugas dan tanggungjawab yang diberikan Tuhan kepada gembala untuk menciptakan persekutuan yang baik di tengah-tengah jemaat. Dengan demikian anggota jemaat merasa mendapatkan perhatian penuh dari gembala. Metode yang digunakan penulis adalah jenis kualitatif dengan pendekatan naturalistik dan interpretatif melalui pengumpulan data yaitu; kepustakaan dan pengamatan.
The role of ecological tourism in the socio-economic life of Uzbekistan
Authors: viaScience
Published: March 2022

The role of social significance in the development of ecotourism. In Western countries, ecotourism is a socio-economic sphere. Because, ecotourism is one of the promising sectors of economic benefit, which is developing at an accelerated pace. When the role of tourism is identified, as its main activities, it is understood to serve to create a material and intangible environment, to change the work of leisure and activities, to ensure health protection, to form the population of environmental culture and awareness
Jenis, Bentuk dan Cara Penjenjangan Koperasi
Authors: Akbar Muh.
Published: March 2022

Berdasarkan fungsinya, koperasi dibedakan menjadi; koperasi konsumsi, koperasi pemasaran, koperasi produksi, koperasi jasa. Berdasarkan tingkat dan luas daera kerja dibedakan menjadi; koperasi primer dan koperasi sekunder. Berdasarkan status keanggotaannya dibedakan menjadi; koperasi produsen dan koperasi konsumen. Terdapat 4 bentuk koperasi yaitu: primer, pusat, gabungan, induk. Ada dua cara atau sistem yang dapat digunakan dalam penjenjangan koperasi, yaitu sistem federasi dan sistem sentralisasi.
Hospitalitas Kristen Sebagai Upaya Mencegah kenakalan remaja
Authors: Samara Merty Bunna
Published: March 2022

Melalui tulisan ini kita dapat melihat kenakalan remaja yang terjadi di kalangan masyarakat dan tidak dapat kita pungkiri bahwa kenakalan remaja sering kita dapati dan terjadi dimana-mana, karena masa remaja adalah masa peralihan dari kanak-kanak ke dewasa. Seseorang remaja sudah tidak lagi dapat dikatakan sebagai kanak-kanak, namun juga belum cukup matang untuk dikatakan dewasa. Kenakalan remaja meliputi semua perilaku yang tidak baik yang dilakukan oleh remaja. Perilaku tersebut akan merugikan dirinya sendiri dan orang-orang yang ada disekitarnya. Dalam hal ini, salah satu faktor yang sangat berpengaruh bagi remaja untuk menentukan arah perjalanan hidupnya dimasa depan adalah bagaimana peran orang tua, pendidikan dan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu dalam menangani atau mengatasi masalah tersebut di perlukan kerja sama yang baik. Akan tetapi tidak bisa kita pungkiri bahkan tidak semua orang tua berusaha memahami atau mau mengerti perubahan pada anaknya. Banyak orang tua yang berusaha memahami atau mengerti akan keadaan anakanya dengan cara yang salah sehingga akan membuat remaja tersebut semakin bertindak semena-mena.
Development and evaluation of a digital health intervention to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus in a primary care: Study protocol for the PREDIABETXT randomised clinical trial
Authors: Mira-Martinez Sofia , Panades Aina Galmés , Veny Miquel Bennasar , Konieczna Jadwiga Anna , Campos Rocío Zamanillo , Juanes Rocío Gómez , Ripoll Maria Jesus Serrano , Jimenez Rafael , Angullo Escarlata , Cabello Ignacio Ricci
Published: March 2022

type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on: i) the use of a system comprising mobile health (mHealth) technology integrated with electronic health records to send tailored text messages (SMSs) promoting lifestyle changes in people at risk of T2DM, and, ii) the provision of online education to primary healthcare workers about prediabetes management. Design: The PREDIABETEXT project is a controlled, parallel, three-arm, cluster randomized trial and involve five phases. Methods: In phases 1-4 we will develop and pilot-test the different components of the intervention (In phase 1 we will develop the brief text messages targeted to patients; In phase 2 we will adapt our existing technology system to deliver the messages; In phase 3 we will develop an educational intervention targeted to Primary Care workers, and; In phase 4 we will pilot-test and optimise both interventions). In phase 5 we will conduct a phase II, six-month, three-arm, cluster randomised, clinical trial with 42 primary care workers and 420 patients at risk of T2DM (HbA1c from 6% to 6.4% or fasting plasma glucose 110-125mg/dl, or both). Patients will be allocated to a control (usual care) group, intervention A (patient messaging intervention), or intervention B (patient messaging intervention plus online education to their primary healthcare workers). The primary outcome will be HbA1c. Secondary outcomes will include additional clinical, physiological, behavioural and psychological outcomes. Discussion: Recent trials suggest that digital health interventions can effectively prevent T2DM and reduce important T2DM risk factors such as overweight or hypertension. In Spain this type of interventions is understudied.
What’s in a Badge? A Computational Reproducibility Investigation of the Open Data Badge Policy in one Issue of Psychological Science
Authors: Crüwell Sophia , Apthorp Deborah , Baker Bradley James , Colling Lincoln J , Elson Malte , Geiger Sandra Jeanette , Lobentanzer Sebastian , Monéger Jean , Patterson Alex , Schwarzkopf D. Samuel , Zaneva Mirela , Brown Nicholas John Laird
Published: April 2022

[Preprint; Manuscript accepted at Psychological Science] In April 2019, Psychological Science published its first issue in which all research articles received the Open Data badge. We used that issue to investigate the effectiveness of this badge, focusing on the adherence to its aim at Psychological Science: sharing both data and code to ensure reproducibility of results. Twelve researchers of varying experience levels attempted to reproduce the results of the empirical articles in the target issue (at least three researchers per article). We found that while all 14 articles provided at least some data and six provided analysis code, only one article was rated to be exactly reproducible, and three essentially reproducible with minor deviations. We suggest that researchers should be encouraged to adhere to the higher standard in force at Psychological Science. Moreover, a check of reproducibility during peer review may be preferable to the ‘disclosure method’ of awarding badges.
Efficacy of synchronous remote-based interventions on suicidal behaviours: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Comendador Laura , Jiménez-Villamizar María P. , Sanabria-Mazo Juan P. , Mateo-Canedo Corel , Cebrià Ana Isabel , Sanz Antoni , Palao Diejo
Published: March 2022

Background: Suicide is among the leading causes of preventable death worldwide. The impact of suicide affects personal, social, and economic level. Therefore, its prevention is a priority for public health systems. Previous studies seem to support the efficacy of providing active contact to persons who have made a suicide attempt. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the efficacy of distance suicide prevention strategies implemented through synchronous technology-based interventions.Methods: This protocol is designed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). The bibliographic searches will be conducted in the databases MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science until April 2022, with no restrictions on the publication period and limited to publications in English or Spanish. Two reviewers will independently conduct study screening, selection process, data extraction, risk of bias (RoB), and methodological quality assessment. Conclusions: Telematics suicide prevention has been an emergent field for years, although there is currently no evidence that synthesises the efficacy of synchronous remote-based interventions. This protocol outlines the methods of a planned research that will extend knowledge derived from the current available evidence. It will provide guidance to clinical practice and encourage further research.Systematic review registration: This protocol has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), under the identification number CRD42021275044.
Item memorability has no influence on value-based decisions
Authors: Li Xinyue , Bainbridge Wilma A. , Bakkour Akram
Published: March 2022

While making decisions, we often rely on past experiences to guide our choices. However, not all experiences are remembered equally well, and some elements of an experience are more memorable than others. Thus, the intrinsic memorability of past experiences may bias our decisions. Here, we hypothesized that individuals would tend to choose more memorable options than less memorable ones. We investigated the effect of item memorability on choice in two experiments. First, using food images, we found that the same items were consistently remembered, and others consistently forgotten, across participants. However, contrary to our hypothesis, we found that participants did not prefer or choose the more memorable over the less memorable items when choice options were matched for the individuals’ valuation of the items. Second, we replicated these findings in an alternate stimulus domain, using words that described the same food items. These findings suggest that stimulus memorability does not play a significant role in determining choice based on subjective value.
The Art of the Editorial
Authors: van Teijlingen Edwin , Hundley Vanora , Sathian Brijesh , Simkhada Padam , Robinson Jared , Banerjee Indrajit
Published: April 2022

Many traditional scientific journals carry an editorial at the start of each issue or perhaps in most issues.  The more recently established online journals seemed to have discontinued this tradition, for example there is no editorial in Sociological Research Online or many of the online journals in the BMC stable, such as BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth or BMC Public Health.

Over the past two decades we have published close to fifty editorials between us.  We would like to highlight some of their specific features to offer advice and encouragement to would-be editorial writers, and, more generally, promote the writing and publishing of editorials.  This paper includes an overview of the eight most recent editorials, all focusing on the hot topic of COVID-19, published in this scientific journal.
Dyson-Schwinger equations and the muon g-2
Authors: Raya Khépani , Bashir Adnan , Miramontes Ángel S. , Roig Pablo
Published: April 2022

We present a brief introduction to the Dyson-Schwinger equations (DSEs) approach to hadron and high-energy physics. In particular, how this formalism is applied to calculate the electromagnetic form factors $\gamma^* \gamma^* \to \textbf{P}^0$ and $\gamma^* \textbf{P}^\pm \to \textbf{P}^\pm$ (with $\textbf{P}^\pm$ and $\textbf{P}^0$ charged and neutral ground-state pseudoscalar mesons, respectively) is discussed. Subsequently, the corresponding contributions of those form factors to the muon anomalous magnetic moment ($g-2$) are estimated. We look forward to promoting the DSE approach to address theoretical aspects of the muon $g-2$, highlighting some calculations that could be carried out in the future.
Parton distribution effects in the direct photon production at hadron collisions
Authors: Rentería Estrada David Francisco , Hernández-Pinto Roger , Sborlini German
Published: April 2022

Parton distribution functions are crucial to understand the internal kinematics of hadrons. There are currently a large number of distribution functions on the market, and thanks to today's technology, performing computational analysis of the differential cross-sections has become more accessible. Despite technological advances, accurately accessing to the internal structure of hadrons remains a difficult task from a theoretical point of view. In this work, we analyze the impact on the differential cross-sections when updating the sets of parton distribution and fragmentation functions, for the production of one hadron plus a direct photon at the energy scale of RHIC and LHC experiments.
Enhancing Rural Women Empowerment in Sri Lanka
Authors: B. V. N. Wijewardhana  , M. M. M. Dias
Published: April 2022

Economic empowerment of rural women is a critical component and a shared goal in all societies. Moreover, it is fundamental to the sustainable socio-economic development of entire countries in the overall process of realizing gender equality. This paper explores how orthodox ideas on women's economic empowerment have changed with the availability of social and economic resources for women. Four indicators have been accompanied as supplement autonomy as capabilities, access to resources, securities, and decision making in shaping empowerment. The study adopted the descriptive design as quantitative and qualitative research methods by considering 200 married women 18-55 in Divisional Secretariats in Monaragala and Ampara districts reported where poverty rates are 25% and 28%, respectively. Data were gathered through focused group discussions, questionnaires, interviews, case studies, and observations. An equal number of employed and un-employed married women in each rural context were selected as the sample. Data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.The study identified several barriers that affect women’s economic empowerment at the national level based on the data analysis. These barriers are the lack of decision-making power in family matters, attending extended educational needs, unattainable promotions of jobs, a lack of a compassionate working environment, and an increased risk of un-infectious diseases. It was possible to determine that there is no effective and optimistic mechanism to deal with such complexities. Much of the narrative focuses on instrumental gains on what women can do for development rather than what development can do for women manifested through the study.

Keywords: Empower, Family Bonds, Married Women, Resources, Rurality
Aspectos farmacocinéticos y farmacodinámicos relacionados con el uso de antibióticos en adultos mayores
Authors: Brenes González Lincey , Montero Valverde Dany , Abarca Brenes Ignacio
Published: April 2022

Las personas adultas mayores representan un porcentaje creciente de la población mundial, y el uso de antimicrobianos en este grupo etario es bastante frecuente. Por esta razón, comprender los cambios implicados con el envejecimiento y el impacto que tienen sobre estos fármacos, permite realizar un uso adecuado de estos, llevando a la menor tasa de complicaciones posible y evitar el desarrollo de gérmenes multiresistentes. Conforme avanza la edad, ocurren cambios importantes en el tracto gastrointestinal y el sistema renal, que influyen de manera importante en la forma en que un fármaco es absorbido, metabolizado y excretado, así como el efecto deseado que va a ejercer en el organismo. El aumento de la prevalencia de enfermedades, así como los factores independientes de la edad como el estilo de vida, pueden influir aún más en los efectos farmacológicos. Además, dado a la polifarmacia frecuente en las personas de edad avanzada, el riesgo de interacciones farmacológicas es otro factor importante a tomar en cuenta previo a la prescripción de cualquier medicamento.
Principales patologías psíquicas que generó el estrés laboral durante la pandemia de COVID -19, en el personal de salud
Authors: Agüero Moreira Melissa , Pérez Fernández Tarsis , Troz Parra Ingrid Pamela
Published: April 2022

La pandemia de COVID-19 provocó un incremento del diagnóstico de las patologías psíquicas en el personal de salud en comparación con la población general, el incremento se debió a los problemas relacionados con el estrés laboral, consecuencia del COVID-19. Durante la pandemia del COVID 19, el personal de salud que laboraban en áreas críticas y servicio de emergencias, fueron los más afectados, debido a que tuvieron gran exigencia asistencial, largos turnos, uso de equipo de protección personal y alto nivel de responsabilidad. Cuanto mayor fue la exposición, mayor fue el agravamiento de los síntomas psicológicos. Dentro de personal de salud, el personal de enfermería fueron los más afectados. Los síntomas psíquicos mas percibidos por el personal de atención directa a los pacientes COVID-19 fueron, la de presión, el estrés y la ansiedad.
Understanding How Malaysian Women Appraise their Breast Cancer Symptoms: A Narrative Approach
Authors: Wan Mamat Wan Hasliza , Lund Susi , Jarrett Nikki , Mohd Taib Nur Aishah , Duke Sue
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTION: Awareness of breast cancer symptoms has made a positive impact on recognition and screening, however there is little research describing how women interpret their bodily changes. This study was conducted to explore how Malaysian women with breast cancer appraise their symptoms and how their interpretation of the symptoms had been shaped by the social norms, knowledge and previous experiences.  Materials and Methods: 14 women with breast cancer were recruited using purposeful sampling. The participants took part in in-depth, one-time, face-to-face, and audio-recorded interviews. All the interviews were subsequently transcribed verbatim and analysed using structure and content of a narrative approach. Results: Women interpreted their symptoms based on the physical presentation of the symptoms, previous experiences, and societal norms and beliefs. Some women immediately understood the potential meaning of their breast changes and sought medical opinion, while others waited from one week up to until one year to observe symptoms or normalised them in terms of previous and current experiences. The use of narrative enabled these women to recapitulate particular experiences that had special meaning in order to make sense of their action. Conclusions: The way women interpreted their symptoms reflected their understanding on the significant meaning of the symptoms. Acknowledging this symptom appraisal information may assist healthcare professionals in providing appropriate information that can challenge misconceptions, myths, and negative beliefs about breast cancer to improve breast cancer awareness and early detection among the community.
The Impact of Cognitive Intervention on the Cognition of Adults Over 50 with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in Asia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aziz Nor Afifah , Subramaniam Ponnusamy , Ghazali Shazli Ezzat , Mustafa Wani Amira
Published: April 2022

The cognitive intervention for the ageing population is growing rapidly. This review aimed to explore the impact of cognitive intervention on the cognitive abilities among adults over 50 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Asia. Articles on randomised controlled trials (RCT) studies published between 2010 and December 2020 in PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched. A total of 13 studies were included in this review for further analysis. The results showed that cognitive training can be effective in improving the cognitive function in adults with MCI in various aspects, including memory, attention, executive functioning, reducing subjective memory complaints, and improving daily living skills. The findings indicated that different modalities of cognitive intervention, namely single-domain, multi-domain, and multimodal modalities could be a promising intervention in improving the overall cognitive abilities of adults with MCI in Asia. The single-domain cognitive intervention was influenced by the far transfer effect that improved other untrained cognitive areas. Both multi-domain and multimodal cognitive interventions showed improvement in the global cognitive function and transfer effect on the non-cognitive areas such as daily activities and mood. Future review could explore the impact of intervention duration on cognitive abilities and the transfer effect for each modality to understand the ideal intervention package for adults over 50 with MCI in Asia.
Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) in Continuous Nursing Education (CNE): Contributions and Challenges: A Review
Authors: Aung Khin Thandar , Mohd Ali Noor Azizah , Musa@Mohd Zaid Muniyati , Shaharzan Nurul Jannah
Published: April 2022

becomes an important aspect of the health care system and the growth in quality of health care education process. Continuous nursing education (CNE) is a lifelong professional development to enhance the knowledge, skills and attitude of nurses for the development of nursing practice, education, administration and research. The development of massive open online course (MOOC) which is an e-learning platform, has changed the approach of continuous education. However, the pedagogy in MOOC CNE is still under-developed. Although numerous roles for MOOC have been proposed in both in and out campus for nursing programs, a clear rationale for their effectiveness is still nascent. This review attempts to explore MOOC and its contributions and challenges in CNE. Literature search was conducted on articles published between 2010–2020 in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase Ovid, Ovid Emcare and CINAHL Plus databases, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, ProQuest and the Google Scholar whereby only English-language and peer-reviewed journal articles were included. Eight articles were selected for review and three aspects were extracted: i) history of MOOC, ii) characteristics of MOOC in health care, and iii) its contributions and challenges to lifelong learning as well as CNE. The findings provided valuable insights about MOOC based CNE as an inspiring approach that holds a great potential to offer credible, cost-effective and readily accessible contents to the health care providers
The effect of cooking methods on the formation of volatile N-nitrosamine in sausages with different contents
Authors: Özbay Sena
Published: April 2022

The study's main aim is to assess the levels of volatile N-nitrosamine (VNA) in sausages based on different brands, ingredients, and cooking methods. The effects of sausage composition and cooking method on VNA formation, which caused this difference, were studied. For this, sausages from 17 different brands and 3 different ingredients (beef, chicken, and turkey) were bought from the market, cooked using 3 different techniques (frying, boiling, and microwave), and their VNA levels were determined by GC-MS (Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). The study found different levels of VNA in all sausages. NDMA, NDEA, NDPA, NPYR, and NPIP were found in more than 70% of the samples, according to the study's findings. In the samples, the most NDMA, NPYR, and NPIP formation were observed. Total VNA levels in the study ranged from 0.18 to 109.28 ppb.
IS SOCIAL MARKETING HAVING AN INFLUENCE ON PANDEMIC COVID'19? A REVIEW BASED STUDY
Authors: Ghosal Indrajit , Agarwal Khushbu
Published: April 2022

The application of commercial marketing principles and technologies to influence target audiences' voluntary behaviour to enhance their lives or the society in which they live is known as social marketing. Since its inception in the early 1970s, Social Marketing (SM) has made tremendous progress and has had a significant positive impact on social issues such as health, injury prevention, the environment, community involvement, and, more recently, financial well-being. Our research focused solely on India, and this paper examined how Social Marketing can have a large impact during the COVID – 19 epidemics, as well as the good and bad consequences of Social Marketing in COVID – 19 in India, using a variety of reviews. Methods: For this study, a systematic Literature review using the PRISMA approach was undertaken for the last one and a half years, from January 2020 to July 2021, on the current COVID condition. The Article has been collected from many good databases with good index like ABS, ABDC, Scopus, WOS and Science Direct. To this investigation, Researcher have searched digital marketing, restricted to the title, ‘Digital marketing’, ‘Effect of SM’ and COVID’19 lockdown. Results: Since the pandemic has been down for only 1.6 years and very little bit article have published based on current title, this study found 53 articles in the scientific literature, but only 23 were qualified as eligible according to the scientific criteria. Discussion: This review paper focused on the favourable impact of Social marketing in post the Covid'19 digital world.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor: An Emerging Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer. A Primer for the Radiologist
Authors: Sananmuang T. , Prakkamakul S. , Ngampaiboon N. , Huang S.H. , Alshafai L. , Yu E.
Published: April 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized treatment in many cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The number of drugs recently approved by the FDA and the European Medicine Agency is growing. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab, which are anti-programmed cell death
protein 1 monoclonal antibodies, were first adopted in 2016 as the second-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in patients with disease progression after platinum-based chemotherapy. Recently, pembrolizumab with or without platinum-based chemotherapy
was approved as the first-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Imaging studies play an essential role in assessing treatment response and monitoring efficacy and safety during and after treatments. Given the rapid increase in the use of immunotherapy
in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, neuroradiologists need to be familiar with the unique features indicative of treatment response in addition to a broad array of immune-related adverse events to avoid misinterpreting secondary drug-related adverse effects as tumor progression or metastasis.
Moreover, emerging imaging techniques, including molecular imaging and radiomics, in an effort to assess or gauge the likelihood of treatment response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, is an ongoing area of active research.Learning Objectives: To recognize the emerging role, basic mechanism,
and unique treatment response patterns of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of head and neck cancer, and to describe imaging findings of immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Assessing Kenyan Catholics’ Understanding of Human Sexuality on the Basis of Individuals Associated with Shalom Center in Mitunguu: A Theological-Pastoral Perspective
Authors: Goleń Jacek , Kobak Jan
Published: April 2022

The aim of the article is to discuss the understanding of human sexuality evinced by a group of Kenyan Catholics from the methodological perspective of pastoral theology, pointing out certain conclusions and pastoral suggestions. The article comprises the following parts: theological-normative, sociological, and theological-postulating. The first synthetically presents human sexuality from the point of view of the teaching of the Catholic Church, the second discusses methodology and results of the conducted empirical research, while the third presents conclusions and suggestions for pastoral care of families. The research results show that the majority of respondents shared Catholic convictions on sexuality. However, less than half of the respondents believed that love of a man and a woman serves to transmit life to children and that true love of a man and woman requires an indissoluble marriage. A quite high percentage of respondents did not agree that sexual intercourse aims to forge a psychological and spiritual bond between the partners. Women more rarely than men shared Catholic convictions on human sexuality and more rarely than men believed that a human being should not be used as if he/ she was an object. This may show women’s lack of access to education as well as a strong impact of local traditional cultural models on their understanding of the role of women. These results point to some missionary-pastoral challenges, especially as regards education of youth, spouses, and spouses-to-be, as well as that of clergy, catechists, and lay employees of family ministry.
Regulacja poczęć a cykl życia rodziny w świetle badań małżonków
Authors: Rzepka Kamila
Published: April 2022

Życie małżeńskie obejmuje kilka etapów, na których małżonkowie mają do zrealizowania konkretne zadania. Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje tematykę regulacji poczęć u respondentów na różnych etapach cyklu życia rodziny. W pierwszej części prezentuje podstawy teoretyczne podjętego zagadnienia, a także opisuje grupę badawczą i metodologię badań. Badania objęły grupę 345 osób zamieszkujących diecezję sandomierską. W drugiej części artykuł ukazuje wyniki badań dotyczących rozumienia regulacji poczęć, wiedzy na temat metod planowania rodziny oraz stosowanych tych metod przez małżonków. Pod uwagę wzięto to, w jaki sposób małżonkowie rozumieją regulację poczęć, a także, czy potrafią odróżnić ją od regulacji urodzeń. Wyniki potwierdziły założenie, że etap w cyklu życia rodziny oddziałuje na posiadaną przez nich wiedzę dotyczącą metod regulacji poczęć oraz rozróżniania metod naturalnego planowania rodziny od metod antykoncepcyjnych. Etapy te różnicowały także stosowanie konkretnego rodzaju regulacji poczęć przez małżonków. W części końcowej artykuł przedstawia wnioski z badań oraz wskazania dla duszpasterstwa rodzin w omawianym zakresie. Wykazano, że małżonkowie, którzy są na etapie małżeństwa bez dzieci (M) częściej rozumieją regulację poczęć jako stosowanie antykoncepcji oraz aborcję. Z większą łatwością rozróżniają również metody antykoncepcyjne od pozostałych. Mniejszą wiedzę oraz zainteresowanie regulacją poczęć deklarują małżonkowie będący w fazie „pustego gniazda” (P). W związku z powyższym wskazane zostały działania zmierzające do umacniania wiedzy małżonków na temat regulacji poczęć niezależnie od fazy w cyklu życia rodziny. W tym celu pomocne może okazać się wzajemne towarzyszenie par będących na różnych etapach oraz aktywizacja i wymiana doświadczeń. Potrzebne wydaje się uwzględnianie w duszpasterstwie rozwojowych zadań małżonków oraz ukierunkowanie troski pastoralnej na wspieranie małżonków w realizacji zamysłu Bożego dotyczącego odpowiedzialnego rodzicielstwa.
Postrzeganie dzietności rodziny na podstawie badań porównawczych z 2013 i 2021. Wskazania dla katolickiego duszpasterstwa rodzin
Authors: Gorbaniuk Julia , Szyszka Małgorzata , Goleń Jacek
Published: April 2022

Liczebność rodziny jest jednym z aspektów różnicujących jej postrzeganie. Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje problem postrzegania rodzin mało- i wielodzietnych przez różne grupy wiekowe w kontekście katolickiego duszpasterstwa rodzin. Podstawą analiz są badania własne z lat 2013 i 2021, przeprowadzone wśród 506 respondentów pogrupowanych w trzy kategorie wiekowe (młodszą, średnią i starszą). Dokonane analizy koncentrowały się na ukazaniu różnic i przemian w sposobie definiowania rodziny małej i dużej oraz postrzeganiu tych typów rodziny. Omówienie wyników badań jest poprzedzone wprowadzeniem w terminologię mało- i wielodzietności oraz zaprezentowaniem próby badawczej pod kątem zmiennych demograficznych. Analiza danych empirycznych wykazała zmianę w definiowaniu rodzin. Rodzina małodzietna, zdaniem badanych, to rodzina z dwójką dzieci, zaś wielodzietna – z czwórką dzieci. Natomiast przemiany w postrzeganiu rodzin ukazują bardziej zróżnicowany obraz rodziny wielodzietnej, a novum jest zwrócenie uwagi badanych na zdrowotne możliwości poczęcia dziecka, warunkujące liczebność rodziny. Artykuł zwieńczają wnioski i wskazania pastoralne dla duszpasterstwa rodzin wzmacniającego szacunek dla życia ludzkiego.
Naturalne planowanie rodziny wewnętrznym aspektem odpowiedzialnego rodzicielstwa
Authors: Pryba Andrzej
Published: April 2022

Artykuł traktuje o pryncypialnym aspekcie odpowiedzialnego rodzicielstwa, za który uznaje się podjęcie w dialogu małżeńskim i konsekwentną realizację w postawach rodzicielskich decyzji o wyborze naturalnego planowania rodziny jako metody regulacji poczęć. Analiza problemu badawczego została rozłożona na cztery etapy. Najpierw przedstawiono podstawy teologiczne, biblijne i antropologiczne odpowiedzialnego rodzicielstwa. Na drugim etapie ukazano wielorakie konteksty decyzji rodzicielskiej z perspektywy uwarunkowań dialogu małżeńskiego. W dalszej części przedłożono walory teologiczne, etyczne i psychologiczne metod naturalnego planowania rodziny. Finalnie podjęto próbę sprecyzowania istoty decyzji rodzicielskiej, która implikuje stosowanie przez małżonków naturalnych metod regulacji poczęć. Kluczem hermeneutycznym, spinającym całość analiz teologicznych pracy, stała się kategoria daru osobowego małżonków. W kontekście sformułowanych wniosków ukazano etyczny, antropologiczny, teologiczny, charyzmatyczny i kultyczno-liturgiczny wymiar decyzji rodzicielskiej określającej strategię planowania rodziny przez małżonków.
Ufasomes: Rising Technology For Delivery of Drugs
Authors: Luke P. Mereena , Joseph TomyMuringayil
Published: April 2022

In a vesicular drug delivery system, one or more concentric bilayers of amphiphilic molecules cover an aqueous compartment. They are an excellent distribution method for targeted medication administration because of their ability to localise drug activity to the area or organ of function. The vesicular drug delivery system maintains the drug activity at a constant rate. As a consequence, the body’s opioid frequency is maintained while unfavourable side effects are reduced. Unsaturated fatty acid vesicles are known as ufasomes. With a pH range of 7 to 9, they’re pH-controlled suspensions of closed lipid bilayers made up of fatty acids and their ionised species (soap). Fatty acid vesicles are often made using the lipid film hydration technique. Oleic acid is the most significant fatty acid utilised as a primary component in the production of ufasomes. This study discusses the advantages, disadvantages, possible development, and categorization of ufasomes.
Path analysis of the relationships between the performance and its constituents in corn lines
Authors:   Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya.Yuriev of NAAS, Ponurenko S. Н. , Kolomatska V. P. ,   Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya.Yuriev of NAAS, Chernobay L. M. ,   Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya.Yuriev of NAAS
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of studying the genotypic variability parameters and relationships between traits affecting the performance in corn lines. In a series of three-year trials in 2006–2020, genotypic levels of the performance and its constituents in mid-early and mid-ripening corn lines, which were bred in the Laboratory of Corn Breeding and Seed Production of the Plant Production Institute named after V. Ya. Yuriev and became a part of its working collection, were determined. It was found that the average group performance of mid-ripening lines was higher than that of mid-early ones with differences depending on kernel type. Path analysis of genotypic correlations between the performance and its constituents allowed for evaluation of direct and side effects. It was found that the coefficients of pair correlation between the performance and its constituents were positive and mostly low or moderate, ranging 0.327 for "kernel number per ear" trait to 0.656 for "ear diameter" trait. However, when the correlations between the studied traits were divided into direct and side effects, the direct path coefficients were only high for the impact of "kernel number per ear" and "1000-kernel weight" traits (0.835 and 0.812, respectively) on the performance. Such traits as the "ear diameter", "number of kernel rows" and "kernel number per row" had very low values of the direct path coefficients (0.041 – 0.098), but affected the performance indirectly through the “kernel number per ear” trait. The "number of kernel rows" (0.622) and "kernel number per row" (0.544) exerted the greatest indirect impact on the performance through the "kernel number per ear" trait. As to the “1000-kernel weight” trait, there were significant negative indirect effects of the "kernel number per ear" and "number of kernel rows" traits, with the path coefficients of -0.350 and -0.362, respectively. It was shown that "ear diameter"-, "number of kernel rows"-, and "kernel number per row"-oriented selections were indirect, as they are components of the "kernel number per ear" trait and are at another level in the performance module. The “kernel number per ear”- and “1000-kernel weight”-oriented direct selections for performance can be most effective, but regarding the latter, one should take into account the negative side effects of the "kernel number per ear" and "number of kernel rows" traits, which can be achieved by building up aggregated indexes. Keywords: corn, inbred line, performance, correlation analysis, path analysis.
Analysis of the use of the Python programming language for statistical calculations.
Authors: Logroño Naranjo Santiago Israel , Estrada Brito Néstor Augusto , Vásconez Núñez Vannesa Alexandra , Rosero Ordóñez Evelin Marisol
Published: April 2022

This article presents a review of the use of Python for data analysis. It discusses the main specialized libraries and the advantages of using Python for data analysis. Also, the main phases of data analysis are explained in general and in an example with the programming language. It is concluded that Python presents multiple advantages in its use and that in spite of being an open source software, it allows professional and sophisticated work in data management and statistical calculations.
Grassroot Engagement in Local Economic Development: A Case Study of eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality
Authors: Gelvas Mkhize Thembinkosi , Mutereko Sybert
Published: April 2022

This paper explores the best mechanisms that should be adopted and implemented to ensure successful implementation of Local Economic Development (LED) through a multi stakeholder engagement process. The municipalities should not only provide services and encouragement of socio-economic growth but they should also enhance the multi-stakeholder engagement in society to improve the livelihoods of communities. Local Economic Development (LED) as a global phenomenon seeks to create employment, reduce poverty and promote inclusive and equitable distribution of wealth for local communities. However, LED initiatives are characterised as a failure when they do nothing to alleviate the high rate of poverty, unemployment, and illiteracy. This study sought to explore the nature of multiple stakeholders engagement in the implementation of LED projects in eThekwini Municipality. Using a sequential mixed method research, the study mixed both quantitative and qualitative techniques. Findings revealed a high level of multi-engagement among those politically affiliated or the elite while people at the grass-root are not well engaged. Another reported problem was the top-down approach and pseudo-participation of other stakeholders, particularly, the "have nots" in the society. These findings should be useful to local government stakeholders as well as to policymakers by involving all sectors of the society in order to encourage the sustainable provision of services to communities and to stimulate socio-economic growth. This study revealed the need to enhance public participation and the need to move away from 'tokenist' approaches reported in the study. These findings also suggest the need for future scholarly investigation.
Crisis of Neoliberalism and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Reclaiming the Welfare State
Authors: Budzi Joseph
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic that has gripped the world stands unprecedented in living memory. The crisis presented by the COVID-19 pandemic is urgent, massive in impacts, and global in scale. First recorded in Wuhan, China, the virus caught the world unprepared; developed and developing nations are struggling to contain it. While many studies have failed to move beyond the biomedical foundation of the virus, this paper attempts to capture the underlying socio-economic factors of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of the neoliberal order and its resulting crisis, which saw the dismantling of the post-war welfare state. Against this background, this paper demonstrates how the COVID-19 pandemic exposed the inadequacies of self-regulating market-based solutions. As a way forward, the paper has made a strong case for a return to the welfare state as an alternative to the free market system that has characterised the age of neoliberalism.