bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Skin‐Like and Highly Stretchable Optical Fiber Sensor with the Hybrid Coding of Wavelength–Light Intensity
Authors: Li Tianliang , Su Yifei , Chen Fayin , Liao Xinqin , Wu Qin , Kang Yan , Tan Yuegang , Zhou Zude
Published: December 2021

Skin‐like electrical sensor has been widely employed for wearable human healthcare monitoring but is limited by electromagnetic interferences, poor waterproof performance, and point‐type measurement. Herein, a skin‐like and stretchable optical fiber (SSOF) sensor with excellent stretchability (up to 100%), flexibility, and excellent compliance with skin is reported. A hybrid coding based on the light intensity difference of two fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is created to achieve the resistance for light power fluctuations and the capability of distributed measurement. The SSOF sensor has outstanding durability (>10 000 cycles), waterproofness, and impact resistance. And it can stably work in heat (55 °C) or cold (≈0 °C) environment as well. Furthermore, the SSOF sensor‐based human–computer interaction system is created to achieve the distributed monitoring of physiological parameters and human full‐body movement leading to the enormous potential for virtual reality (VR) and rehabilitation therapy.
Characterization of bone homeostasis in individuals affected by cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome
Authors: Leoni Chiara , Viscogliosi Germana , Onesimo Roberta , Bisanti Cristian , Massese Miriam , Giorgio Valentina , Corbo Fabio , Tedesco Marta , Acampora Anna , Cipolla Clelia , Dell'Atti Claudia , Flex Elisabetta , Gervasoni Jacopo , Primiano Aniello , Rigante Donato , Tartaglia Marco , Zampino Giuseppe
Published: December 2021

Cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome (CFCS) is a rare disorder characterized by distinctive craniofacial appearance, cardiac, neurologic, cutaneous, and musculoskeletal abnormalities. It is due to heterozygous mutations in BRAF, MAP2K1, MAP2K2, and KRAS genes, belonging to the RAS/MAPK pathway. The role of RAS signaling in bone homeostasis is highly recognized, but data on bone mineral density (BMD) in CFCS are lacking. In the present study we evaluated bone parameters, serum and urinary bone metabolites in 14 individuals with a molecularly confirmed diagnosis of CFCS. Bone assessment was performed through dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA); height‐adjusted results were compared to age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Blood and urinary bone metabolites were also analyzed and compared to the reference range. Despite vitamin D supplementation and almost normal bone metabolism biomarkers, CFCS patients showed significantly decreased absolute values of DXA‐assessed subtotal and lumbar BMD (p ≤ 0.05), compared to controls. BMD z‐scores and t‐scores (respectively collected for children and adults) were below the reference range in CFCS, while normal in healthy controls. These findings confirmed a reduction in BMD in CFCS and highlighted the importance of monitoring bone health in these affected individuals.
Our Obligation to the Profession, and Ourselves
Authors: Creo Robert Angelo
Published: December 2021

For someone who pursues a career as a neutral in alternative dispute resolution processes, there is no single path to becoming proficient as a mediator or arbitrator.
Plasma p‐tau181 shows stronger network association to Alzheimer's disease dementia than neurofilament light and total tau
Authors: Frank Brandon , Ally Madeline , Brekke Bailee , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Sugarman Michael A. , Ashton Nicholas J. , Karikari Thomas K. , Tripodis Yorghos , Martin Brett , Palmisano Joseph N. , Steinberg Eric G. , Simkina Irene , Turk Katherine W. , Budson Andrew E. , O'Connor Maureen K. , Au Rhoda , Goldstein Lee E. , Jun Gyungah R. , Kowall Neil W. , Stein Thor D. , McKee Ann C. , Killiany Ronald , Qiu Wei Qiao , Stern Robert A. , Mez Jesse , Alosco Michael L.
Published: December 2021

Introduction

We examined the ability of plasma hyperphosphorylated tau (p‐tau)181 to detect cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) independently and in combination with plasma total tau (t‐tau) and neurofilament light (NfL).

Methods

Plasma samples were analyzed using the Simoa platform for 235 participants with normal cognition (NC), 181 with mild cognitive impairment due to AD (MCI), and 153 with AD dementia. Statistical approaches included multinomial regression and Gaussian graphical models (GGMs) to assess a network of plasma biomarkers, neuropsychological tests, and demographic variables.

Results

Plasma p‐tau181 discriminated AD dementia from NC, but not MCI, and correlated with dementia severity and worse neuropsychological test performance. Plasma NfL similarly discriminated diagnostic groups. Unlike plasma NfL or t‐tau, p‐tau181 had a direct association with cognitive diagnosis in a bootstrapped GGM.

Discussion

These results support plasma p‐tau181 for the detection of AD dementia and the use of blood‐based biomarkers for optimal disease detection.
Black and White individuals differ in dementia prevalence, risk factors, and symptomatic presentation
Authors: Lennon Jack C. , Aita Stephen L. , Bene Victor A. Del , Rhoads Tasha , Resch Zachary J. , Eloi Janelle M. , Walker Keenan A.
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Although dementia prevalence differs by race, it remains unclear whether cognition and neuropsychiatric symptom severity differ between Black and White individuals with dementia.

Methods

Using National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) data, we evaluated dementia prevalence in non‐Hispanic Black and White participants and compared their clinicodemographic characteristics. We examined race differences in cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and functional abilities in participants with dementia using multivariable linear and logistic regression models.

Results

We included 5,700 Black and 31,225 White participants across 39 Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers. Of these, 1,528 (27%) Black and 11,267 (36%) White participants had dementia diagnoses. Despite having lower dementia prevalence, risk factors were more prevalent among Black participants. Black participants with dementia showed greater cognitive deficits, neuropsychiatric symptoms/severity, and functional dependence.

Discussion

Despite lower dementia prevalence, Black participants with dementia had more dementia risk factors, as well as greater cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptom severity than White participants.
Thermoluminescence glow curve deconvolution and kinetic parameter determination of samarium‐doped lithium borosilicate glass
Authors: Abdelmonem Ahmed , Alazab Huda A. , Salama Elsayed
Published: December 2021

Thermoluminescence glow curves of gamma‐irradiated samarium‐doped lithium borosilicate glass were investigated. The number of overlapping peaks was determined using the repeated initial rise method. The glow curves were deconvoluted into four overlapping peaks. The trapping parameters such as activation energy E, frequency factor (s), and kinetic order (b) for each peak were determined. The obtained results indicated that the lithium borosilicate glass doped with samarium had four electron trap levels with the average activation energies of 0.82, 1.01, 1.21, and 1.31 eV. Thermal fading analysis of the individual peaks based on the deconvolution data was performed. The obtained results showed high thermal fading of the first peak, but high thermal stability of the second and third peaks compared with the other peaks. These results could be used to explain some observed properties such as high thermal fading and light sensitivity for this thermoluminescent material. Moreover, the obtained results may be helpful in minimizing fading corrections in dosimetric applications.
Chromatographic capture of cells to achieve single stage clarification in recombinant protein purification
Authors: Almeida Aaron , Chau David , Coolidge Thomas , El‐Sabbahy Hani , Hager Steven , Jose Kevin , Nakamura Masa , Voloshin Alexei
Published: December 2021

Recent advancements in cell culture engineering have allowed drug manufacturers to achieve higher productivity by driving higher product titers through cell line engineering and high‐cell densities. However, these advancements have shifted the burden to clarification and downstream processing where the difficulties now revolve around removing higher levels of process‐ and product‐related impurities. As a result, a lot of research efforts have turned to developing new approaches and technologies or process optimization to still deliver high quality biological products while controlling cost of goods. Here, we explored the impact of a novel single use technology employing chromatographic principle‐based clarification for a process‐intensified cell line technology. In this study, a 16% economic benefit ($/g) was observed using a single‐use chromatographic clarification compared to traditional single‐use clarification technology by improving the overall product cost through decreased operational complexity, higher loading capacity, increased product recovery, and higher impurity clearance. In the end, the described novel chromatographic approach significantly simplified and enhanced the cell culture fluid harvest unit operation by combining the reduction of insoluble and key soluble contaminants of the harvest fluid into a single stage.
Better effect of intrapleural perfusion with hyperthermic chemotherapy by video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery for malignant pleural effusion treatment compared to normothermic chemoperfusion of the pleural cavity
Authors: Cao Yejun , Zhang Qiying , Huang Zhiyuan , Chai Zhengjun , Liu Jie , Wang Jinyi , Sun Zhengliang , Zhao Tian , Wang Guangxue , Chen Guohan , Han Yang , Li Qinchuan , Hong Xuan
Published: December 2021

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of intrapleural perfusion with hyperthermic chemotherapy (IPHC) in treating malignant pleural effusion (MPE) compared to normothermic chemoperfusion of the pleural cavity (NCPC), and to investigate the better treatment to control MPE.

Methods

Malignant pleural effusion patients were enrolled in the study and treated with NCPC or IPHC under video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). The chest drainage duration, clinical characteristics, and recurrence time of pleural effusion of patients were collected for statistical analysis. The chi‐squared test and the Fisher's exact test were applied to compare the distribution differences in categorical variables. Progression‐free survival (PFS) was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method and was compared by the log‐rank test. The survival analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards method.

Results

A total of 37 MPE patients were enrolled in this study. Twenty‐seven patients received NCPC and 10 patients received IPHC under VATS. Significant differences were found in pathological types (p = 0.011), chest drainage duration (p = 0.005), and remission rate (p = 0.009) between two different treatment groups. The chest drainage duration of IPHC under VATS was shorter than the NCPC group (t = 2.969, p = 0.005). The remission rate of MPE in IPHC group was better than the NCPC one (OR = 0.031, 95% CI: 0.002–0.507, p = 0.015). The result of the Kaplan–Meier method showed that IPHC group could significantly prolong the PFS of patients with MPE compared to NCPC group (log‐rank p = 0.002). Univariate cox regression analysis showed that patients with MPE in the IPHC group presented significant longer PFS than the NCPC group (HR = 0.264, 95% CI: 0.098–0.713, p = 0.009). Multivariate cox regression analysis further verified this conclusion (HR = 0.268, 95% CI: 0.096–0.753, p = 0.012).

Conclusion

Compared to the NCPC, the IPHC under VATS presents a better control effect on MPE, shorter tube placement time, and longer complete remission time. For this reason, we recommend IPHC under VATS as the first‐line treatment for patients with MPE those who can tolerate minimally invasive surgery.
Relationships between present/future orientation and life satisfaction over two decades
Authors: Joshanloo Mohsen
Published: December 2021

This study sought to explore the relationships between present orientation (i.e., endorsing a live‐for‐today approach), future orientation (i.e., valuing planning for the future) and life satisfaction over two decades. A sample of American adults (N = 6,464) across three waves was used. The temporal within‐person associations between the variables were examined using the random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel model. Participants who reported higher present orientation also reported lower life satisfaction in the future. Although it is often assumed that future orientation leads to higher future well‐being, the present results demonstrated that higher life satisfaction prospectively predicted future orientation, and not the other way around. The longitudinal trajectories of the variables were also examined using latent growth curve modeling. The results indicated that life satisfaction remained stable, present orientation increased and future orientation decreased over the course of the study. Overall, life satisfaction exhibited greater temporal stability than time orientation.
MEK1 activation enhances the ex vivo proliferation of haematopoietic stem/progenitor cell
Authors: Sun Qihao , Zhou Yiran , Xiong Minghao , Chen Yuying , Tan Wen‐Song , Cai Haibo
Published: December 2021

Haematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) integrates intracellular signal network from growth factors (GFs) and utilizes its proliferation feature to generate high yields of transplantable cells upon ex vivo culture. However, the molecular basis for HSPC activation and proliferation is not completely understood. The goal of this study was to investigate proliferation regulator in the downstream of GFs and develop HSPC expansion strategy. Microarray and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis were performed to evaluate differentially expressed genes in cytokine‐induced CD34+ cells after ex vivo culture. We identified that MEK1 was a potential HSPC proliferation regulator, which represented indispensable roles and MEK1 silence attenuated the proliferation of HSPC. Notably, 500 nM MEK1 agonist, PAF C‐16, increased the numbers of phenotypic HSPC and induced cell cycling of HSPC. The PAF C‐16 expanded HSPC demonstrated comparative clonal formation ability and secondary expansion capacity compared to the vehicle control. Our results provide insights into regulating the balance between proliferation and commitment of HSPC by targeting the HSPC proliferation‐controlling network. This study demonstrates that MEK1 critically regulates HSPC proliferation and cell production in the ex vivo condition for transplantation.
Acute transverse myelitis revealing ankylosing spondylitis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Boussaid Soumaya , Rahmouni Safa , Rekik Sonia , Jammali Samia , Cheour Elhem , Sahli Hela , Elleuch Mohamed
Published: December 2021

When faced with a patient with acute myelopathy, thorough investigations should be undertaken to determine the cause. Ankylosing spondylitis should be kept in mind as a possible cause.
Development of α‐MnO2 Nanowire with Ni‐ and (Ni, Co)‐Cation Doping as an Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Evolution and Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst
Authors: Selvakumar Karuppiah , Duraisamy Velu , Venkateshwaran Selvaraj , Arumugam Natarajan , Almansour Abdulrahman I. , Wang Yucheng , Xiaoteng Liu Terence , Murugesan Senthil Kumar Sakkarapalayam
Published: December 2021

Manganese oxides (MnO2) with nanowire morphology materials are promising candidates for improving oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reaction (OER/ORR) performance. In this work, we developed transition metal cation doping strategy into the α‐MnO2 tunnel structure to tune the Mn oxidation states and control the uniform nanowire morphology, crystalline structure to investigate the effect of doping over bifunctional activity. The single Ni2+ cation doping in α‐MnO2 with various loading concentrations resulted in 8Ni−MnO2 exhibiting remarkable OER and ORR activity owing to their excessive concentration of Mn3+ and Mn4+ octahedral sites respectively. Further, Co2+ cation doping in 8Ni−MnO2 leads to an enhanced synergistic effect that significantly improves the fraction of Mn3+ quantity which is confirmed by average oxidation state. For electrochemical OER performance, 8Co−8Ni−MnO2 exhibits a potential of 1.77 V, Tafel slope value of 68 mV dec−1 and lower charge transfer resistance and it is active in ORR with more positive onset potential of 0.90 V, half‐wave potential of 0.80 V, better current density (4.7 mA cm−2) and a four‐electron pathway. Moreover, bifunctional activity (ΔE=EOER@10 mA cm−2 – ORR@E1/2) of 8Co−8Ni−MnO2 demonstrated 0.97 V, indicates an excellent activity in alkaline electrolyte solution.
Staubexplosionen verhindern
Authors: Schlüter Kai
Published: December 2021

ie TRGS 727 ist als Grundlage für die Vermeidung von Zündquellen aufgrund elektrostatischer Aufladungen in Deutschland übergreifend anerkannt und wird daher in der Praxis häufig als Grundlage für die betriebliche Vorgehensweise genutzt. In ausführlichen Beschreibungen, Arbeitsanweisungen und Rechenbeispielen werden die Entstehung elektrostatischer Aufladung in industriellen Prozessen beleuchtet, die Gefahren elektrostatischer Entladungen
Mehr Kraft, Ausdauer und Sicherheit
Authors: Rössing Sönke
Published: December 2021

In der Rehabilitationsmedizin kommen Exoskelette schon lange Zeit erfolgreich zum Einsatz. Als den Körper anliegende mechanische Strukturen stabilisieren und entlasten sie sowohl Gliedmaßen als auch den Rumpf. Inzwischen verbreiten sich diese Assistenzsysteme auch im industriellen Umfeld.
Kolonnenfüllkörper reinigen
Authors: Günther Sabine
Published: December 2021

Um die Oberfläche in Kolonnen petrochemischer Anlagen zu vergrößern, werden Füllkörper eingesetzt. Diese Edelstahlringe müssen von Zeit zu Zeit von Korrosion und Ablagerungen befreit werden. Bei der Entnahme der Füllkörper ist auf eine strikte Trennung der einzelnen Formen der Edelstrahlringe zu achten und diese auch bei der Wiederbefüllung korrekt einzuhalten. Für die Reinigung kommt eine Spezialwaschmaschine von Lobbe zum Einsatz.
O‐Ringe unter der Lupe
Authors: Krüger Michael
Published: December 2021

Die meistverbaute Dichtung, der O‐Ring, soll zuverlässig seine Dichtfunktion erfüllen. Hierfür steht dem Anwender eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Werkstoffe zur Verfügung, die auf die jeweiligen Anwendungsbedingungen abgestimmt sein müssen. Trotz scheinbar richtiger Werkstoffwahl, kann es nach einer kurzen Betriebszeit zu einer unerwarteten Leckage kommen.
Fast 1.450 t weniger CO2‐Ausstoß pro Jahr
Authors: Preuß Thomas
Published: December 2021

Mit drei neuen Turbokompressoren spart der Chemiekonzern OQ Chemicals in Oberhausen jährlich etwa zwei Millionen Kilowattstunden Strom ein – etwa 20% im Vergleich zum Energiebedarf der alten Druckluftversorgung. Zudem wurde der CO2‐Fußabdruck um rund 1450 t/a reduziert. Dazu tragen auch die drei Drehtrommeltrockner bei, die das Trockenmittel höchst effizient mit der im Verdichtungsprozess entstehenden Wärme regenerieren.CO2‐Fußabdruck um rund 1450 Tonnen pro Jahr reduziert. Dazu tragen auch die drei Drehtrommeltrockner bei, die das Trockenmittel höchst effizient mit der im Verdichtungsprozess entstehenden Wärme regenerieren.
Verschleiäfrei dicht dank Fliehkraft
Authors: Walz Sandra
Published: December 2021

Die Dichtheit von berührungslosen Labyrinthdichtungen basiert auf der Fliehkraft, welche die eingedrungenen Schmierstoffe, Flüssigkeiten und Stäube durch die Konstruktion wieder zurück ins System bzw. nach außen führt. Sie eignen sich besonders für den Einsatz in rotierenden Anlagen, die in einer rauen Umgebung arbeiten. Auch Anforderungen wie hohe Drehzahlen, Korrosionsbeständigkeit, Sperrluftintegration, ATEX‐Eignung oder Lagerstromschutz können mit dem Dichtungskonzept abgedeckt werden.
Pumpenüberwachung in Echtzeit
Authors: Bonafede Claudio
Published: December 2021

Der Schweizer Maschinenbauer Maag ergänzt sein Industriepumpenportfolio um die Dosierpumpenreihe DX 14, die auch für neue, noch anspruchsvollere Prozesse wie Aromenproduktion oder Destillation geeignet ist.
Trockene Druckluft mit hohen Volumenströmen
Authors: Rockmann Ina
Published: December 2021

Wo feinchemische oder pharmazeutische Produkte in hohen Auflagen hergestellt werden, ist der Schutz vor Verunreinigungen und Feuchte besonders wichtig. Das gilt über die gesamte Prozesskette hinweg – und somit auch für die Drucklufterzeugung. Der Druckluftspezialist Boge stattet seine Anlagen dafür mit warmregenerierten Adsorptionstrocknern aus.
Schall und Schaum
Authors: Sacher Jörg
Published: December 2021

Dampf ist in vielen Bereichen der Industrie ein unverzichtbares Arbeitsmittel. Im Bemühen um die möglichst effiziente Nutzung der wertvollen Ressource gewinnt die genaue Messung von Verbräuchen mehr und mehr an Bedeutung. Wie aber lassen sich die in den nur wenige Sekunden dauernden Aufschäumprozessen von expandierbarem Polystyrol eingesetzten Dampfmengen exakt erfassen? Bei dem Anbieter von Partikelschaumanlagen Erlenbach in Lautert kommt dazu ein Ultraschall‐Durchflussmesser zum Einsatz.
Partikelgrößen inline messen
Authors: Schäble Pia
Published: December 2021

Die Qualität vieler End‐ und Zwischenprodukte in Chemie, Pharma und Food wird bisher durch aufwändige Laboranalysen festgestellt. Die Produktqualität wird so lediglich nachträglich bewertet. Das bringt große zeitliche Verzögerungen bei der Freigabe von produzierten Chargen mit sich und kann zur Produktion von off‐spec‐Material führen, ohne dass es während der Fertigung bemerkt wird. Die Vorteile kontinuierlicher Produktionsverfahren kann man dadurch nicht vollständig ausnutzen.
Silica Nanowires Reinforced with Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene): Separator for High‐Performance Lithium Batteries
Authors: Du Qingchuan , Shi Shumin , Zhang Lida , Yan Zhongyuan , Zeng Xu , Wu Jingjing , Zhou Weixin , Huang Zhen‐Dong , Masese Titus , Ma Yanwen
Published: December 2021

Separators are key components that physically separate and chemically connect the anode and cathode to guarantee the safety and cycle stability of batteries. Herein, based on the building concept of a bird's nest, we have developed separators comprising SiO2 nanowires reinforced with poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP). In particular, the hybrid separators with 39% of PVDF‐HFP exhibit much enhanced tensile strength, Young's moduli, flexibility, and elongation as a result of a strong crosslink effect, compared to bare SiO2 nanowire separator, while yet maintaining excellent electrolyte wettability, high ionic conductivity, and wide electrochemical window. Moreover, the hybrid separators also demonstrate excellent thermal stability and dendrite suppression capability. Lithium metal batteries assembled using the hybrid separators with LiFePO4 as the cathode achieve excellent rate performance and cyclic stability. The discharge capacities attained at a current density equivalent to 0.2 C and 2 C rate are 157 and 126 mAh g−1, respectively. A capacity of 99 mAh g−1 is still maintained at 2 C rate after 500 cycles. This study illuminates SiO2 nanowires reinforced with PVDF‐HFP as promising separators for high‐energy, high‐power and safe lithium batteries.
Price forecasting for real estate using machine learning: A case study on Riyadh city
Authors: Louati Ali , Lahyani Rahma , Aldaej Abdulaziz , Aldumaykhi Abdullah , Otai Saad
Published: December 2021

Real estate is potentially contributing to the economic growth. It has a strong correlation between property owners and beneficiaries. The accurate forecast of future property prices is particularly important. Therefore, real estate prices are reflecting the economic level of counties, and their price ranges are of great interest to both buyers and sellers. Developing a land‐price forecast model could significantly assist in predicting future land prices and setting real estate regulations. In contrast, machine learning (ML) algorithms have demonstrated a great potential to perform predictions. Motivated by these assumptions, we develop in this article a set of ML algorithms to build models capable to increase the effectiveness of land price estimation. The ML algorithms adopted in this work include the decision tree, random forest (RF), and linear regression. We collected data from 5946 lands localized in the northern area of Riyadh, KSA. This data has been collected using GeoTech's DAAL website. The performance of the developed models has been assessed based on state‐of‐art performance metrics including mean absolute error, mean squared error, and median squared error. The experiments show that the RF based model outperforms the remaining models.
Detection of cytogenetic changes and chromosomal aneuploidy with fluorescent in situ hybridization in cytological specimens of oral cancers in Fanconi anemia—Proof of concept
Authors: Silva de Araujo Bruno Eduardo , Velleuer Eunike , Dietrich Ralf , Pomjanski Natalia , de Santana Almeida Araujo Isabela Karoline , Schlensog Martin , Wells Susanne Irmtraud , Dorsman Josephine Christine , Schramm Martin
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited DNA instability disorder with a remarkably elevated risk of neoplasia compared with the general population, mainly leukemia and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Two thirds of the SCCs arise in the oral cavity and are typically preceded by visible lesions. These lesions can be classified with brush biopsy‐based cytological methods regarding their risk of a malignant transformation. As a proof of concept, this study aims to investigate genetic changes and chromosomal aneuploidy using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on oral squamous cells derived from FA affected individuals.

Material and Methods

Five FA oral SCC (OSCC) tumor cell lines, one FA OSCC cervical lymph node metastasis as well as tumor‐negative and atypical smears from oral brush biopsies were analyzed with FISH probes covering 5p15.2, MYC, EGFR, TERC, 9q34.1, CCND1, 9p21 and centromeres of chromosomes 3, 6, 7, 9, 11, and 17.

Results

OSCC specimens showed gains of all analyzed chromosomal regions. Chromosomal aneuploidy was observed in five of the six OSCC specimens in two multicolor FISH assays with panels of four probes each. Five out of six OSCC specimens displayed a relative deletion of 9p21. Applied on atypical brush biopsy‐based smears, chromosomal aneuploidy was detected in malignant lesions but not in the smear derived from a severe parodontitis.

Conclusions

As proof of concept, FISH was able to detect genetic changes and chromosomal aneuploidy discriminating oral cancer from noncancerous lesions in individuals with FA. This supports its application on oral brush biopsy‐based cytology.
Energy‐efficient fog computing in Internet of Things based on Routing Protocol for Low‐Power and Lossy Network with Contiki
Authors: Kumar Arun , Sharma Sharad , Goyal Nitin , Gupta Sachin Kumar , Kumari Saru , Kumar Sachin
Published: December 2021

The traditional centralized cloud computing (CC) model faces a range of problems with the exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) applications, like high latency, reduced bandwidth, and network instability. Fog computing (FC) takes the cloud closer to IoT computers to overcome these problems. Rather than moving them to the cloud, the FC provides local IoT data processing and storage on IoT computers. This paper focuses on the Routing Protocol for Low‐Power and Lossy Network (RPL), a universally routing protocol for a static environment that is used for reducing energy consumption, delay, and packet loss with data aggregation at the border router using a fog simulation model in Contiki Cooja. The objective function (OF) choice has an impact on network topology, as each node selects a set of potential parents to send to the destination. However, no systematic analysis of the effects of OF behavior in the RPL environment has been undertaken. Here, three different OFs, Objective Function Zero (OF0), Advanced Objective Function Zero (AOF0), and Minimum Rank with Hysteresis Objective Function (MRHOF) for RPL in the static environment for different node numbers, have been compared. The findings demonstrate that altering all three OFs has a significant impact on RPL. The energy consumption is reduced in the case of the AOF0 in the fog node by 50.86%, which is less than the case of the OF0 and MRHOF function. Extensive simulations show that AOF0 outperforms the existing OFs.
Acne therapy with lasers and light including photodynamic therapy
Authors: Gold Michael H. , Utley Collette , Kleinrock Marci , Lee Caroline
Published: December 2021

Utilizing lasers and light sources for the treatment of acne vulgaris has gained in popularity over the past several years. Newer and safer devices have been introduced which have been shown to be beneficial for many suffering from acne vulgaris. This manuscript will review some of the most important lasers and light sources for acne vulgaris, from the beginning of our understanding of these to current day uses.
Stock collapse and its effect on species interactions: Cod and herring in the Norwegian‐Barents Seas system as an example
Authors: Durant Joël M. , Aarvold Leana , Langangen Øystein
Published: December 2021

Both the Norwegian Spring Spawning herring (Clupea harengus) and the Northeast Arctic (NEA) cod (Gadus morhua) are examples of strong stock reduction and decline of the associated fisheries due to overfishing followed by a recovery. Cod and herring are both part of the Barents Sea ecosystem, which has experienced major warming events in the early (1920–1940) and late 20th century. While the collapse or near collapse of these stocks seems to be linked to an instability created by overfishing and climate, the difference of population dynamics before and after is not fully understood. In particular, it is unclear how the changes in population dynamics before and after the collapses are associated with biotic interactions. The combination of the availability of unique long‐term time series for herring and cod makes it a well‐suited study system to investigate the effects of collapse. We examine how species interactions may differently affect the herring and cod population dynamic before and after a collapse. Particularly we explore, using a GAM modeling approach, how herring could affect cod and vice versa. We found that the effect of cod biomass on herring that was generally positive (i.e., covariation) but the effect became negative after the collapse (i.e., predation or competition). Likewise a change occurred for the cod, the juvenile herring biomass that had no effect before the collapse had a negative effect after. Our results indicate that the population collapses may alter the inter‐specific interactions and response to abiotic environmental changes. While the stocks are at similar abundance levels before and after the collapses, the system is potentially different in its functioning and may require different management action.
Impact of groundwater depth on hydraulic performance and growth of Haloxylon ammodendron in a desert region of central Asia
Authors: Xu Gui‐Qing , Mi Xiao‐Jun , Ma Jian , Ma Jie , Tang Li‐Song
Published: December 2021

Anthropogenic withdraw of groundwater and climatic drought limits the water availability for phreatophytic vegetation in arid regions. In this study, a small xeric, phreatophytic tree Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A. Mey.) was investigated to understand the influence of depth to groundwater (DGW) on hydraulic traits and on the trade‐off between drought tolerance and leaf area increment. A suite of traits including leaf water potential, pressure–volume (P–V) curves, Huber value, assimilation branch growth and osmotic regulation substance was measured across five sites with DGW ranges from 3.45 to 15.91 m. Our results indicate that H. ammodendron was subject to greater water stress with increasing DGW, as indicated by decreased predawn (Ψpd) and midday (Ψmd) branch water potential. We also found that growth rate declined as Huber value increased with increasing DGW in the early growing season (EGS). Solute sugar, as a major osmotic substance, drives decreases in osmotic potential at full turgor and thus constrains assimilation branch growth with increasing DGW in EGS. Therefore, osmotic adjustment accompanied with water potential regulation (Ψpd–Ψmd) and plasticity of Huber value allows this phreatophyte to absorb water from deeper soil layers and tolerate drought. However, these adaptive adjustments cannot fully compensate for nonoptimal water conditions as growth rate continued to decrease as DGW increased in EGS and even became negative in the late growing season (LGS) at almost all sites. Greater depth of groundwater had a significant effect on H. ammodendron and may have similar effects for other non‐riparian phreatophytic plants in arid regions.
Seasonal drought and its effects on frog population dynamics and amphibian disease in intermittent streams
Authors: Kupferberg Sarah J. , Moidu Hana , Adams Andrea J. , Catenazzi Alessandro , Grefsrud Marcia , Bobzien Steven , Leidy Robert , Carlson Stephanie M.
Published: December 2021

Chytridiomycosis, caused by the pathogenic fungusBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis(Bd), has contributed to amphibian declines globally, but drivers of outbreaks vary locally. Here, we explore the role of drought in population and host‐disease dynamics of the endangered stream‐breeding foothill yellow‐legged frog (Rana boylii). In central California (USA) where severity of seasonal drought is increasing, we observed the non‐native, Bd‐tolerant and lentic‐adapted North American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) extend into streams when flood disturbance was minimal. Analysis of skin swabs revealed that prevalence and load of Bd infection among bullfrogs was low. Yet, among the native frogs, prevalence and load intensified as the seasonal drought progressed and surface flow became intermittent. When temperatures decreased in autumn and frogs concentrated at a reduced number of water points, we found dozens of dead foothill yellow‐legged frogs (2018–2019). Necropsies suggested chytridiomycosis as the likely cause of death. Despite recent lethal outbreaks, foothill yellow‐legged frog population abundance appeared resilient based on comparison to prior decades when no die‐offs were observed. Wet–dry mapping of the stream channel and retrospective analysis of hydrologic records revealed that the native frogs spawn away from perennial pools, a behaviour that may allow them to avoid bullfrogs and predatory fish. In an ecological trade‐off, tadpoles face the risk of the stream drying before metamorphosis. Fluctuations in population size thus corresponded to extremes of inter‐annual variation in streamflow that limit recruitment rather than disease outbreaks. We conclude that hydrologic constraints, which climate change may exacerbate, appear to override the stressors of non‐indigenous species and chytridiomycosis.
Novel approach to monitor intravenous immunoglobulin pharmacokinetics in humans using polymorphic determinants in IgG1 constant domains
Authors: van Tilburg Sander J. , Jacobs Bart C. , Ooijevaar‐de Heer Pleuni , Fokkink Willem‐Jan R. , Huizinga Ruth , Vidarsson Gestur , Rispens Theo
Published: December 2021

Clinical efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment (IVIg) is related to its pharmacokinetic (PK) profile. Its usual evaluation, by measuring serum total IgG levels, is imprecise, because IVIg cannot be distinguished from endogenous IgG. We developed ELISAs to specifically monitor the PK of IVIg using the polymorphic determinants G1m(a), G1m(x), and G1m(f). The specificity of the IgG1 allotype assays was sufficient to determine IVIg concentrations as low as 0.1 mg/mL in sera from individuals not expressing the respective markers. IVIg was quantified in posttreatment serum from patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) by measuring IgG1 allotypes not expressed endogenously. After serotyping, 27/28 GBS patients were found eligible for IVIg monitoring using one or two genetic markers. In 17 cases, IVIg levels could be determined by both anti‐G1m(a) and anti‐G1m(x) measurement, showing significant correlation. Longitudinal monitoring of IVIg PK in seven GBS patients showed potential differences in clearance of total IgG versus IVIg‐derived IgG, highlighting that total IgG measurements may not accurately reflect IVIg PK. To summarize, anti‐IgG1 allotype assays can discriminate between endogenous IgG and therapeutic polyclonal IgG. These assays will be an important tool to better understand the variability in IVIg PK and treatment response of all patients treated with IVIg.
Exploring patient preference heterogeneity for pharmacological treatments for chronic pain: A latent class analysis
Authors: Walsh David A. , Boeri Marco , Abraham Lucy , Atkinson Jo , Bushmakin Andrew G. , Cappelleri Joseph C. , Hauber Brett , Klein Kathleen , Russo Leo , Viktrup Lars , Turk Dennis
Published: December 2021

Background

Several pharmaceutical treatments for chronic pain caused by osteoarthritis (OA) and chronic low back pain (CLBP) are available or currently under development, each associated with different adverse events (AEs) and efficacy profiles. It is therefore important to understand what trade‐offs patients are willing to make when choosing between treatments.

Methods

A discrete‐choice experiment (DCE) was conducted with 437 adults with chronic pain caused by OA and/or CLBP. Respondents were presented with a series of scenarios and asked to choose between pairs of hypothetical treatments, each defined by six attributes: level of symptom control; risks of heart attack, rapidly progressive osteoarthritis and dependency; frequency and mode of administration and cost. Attributes were based on known profiles of oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, opioids and injected nerve growth factor inhibitors, the last of which were under clinical development at the time of the study. Data were analysed using a latent class (LC) model to explore preference heterogeneity.

Results

Overall, respondents considered improving symptom control and reducing risk of physical dependency to be the most important attributes. The LC analysis identified four participant classes: an ‘efficacy‐focused’ class (33.7%), a ‘cost‐averse’ class (29.4%), a ‘physical‐dependence–averse’ class (19.6%) and a ‘needle‐averse’ class (17.3%). Subgroup membership was incompletely predicted by participant age and their responses to comprehension questions.

Conclusions

Preference heterogeneity across respondents indicates a need for a personalized approach to offering treatment options. Symptom improvement, cost, physical dependence and route of administration might be important to different patients.

Significance

Multiple treatment options that differ substantially in terms of efficacy and adverse events are available for the management of chronic pain. With a growing emphasis on a patient‐centred care model that incorporates patients’ priorities and values into treatment decisions, there is a need to understand how individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain balance the benefits and risks of treatment and how treatment priorities vary among individuals. This study was designed to identify patient preferences for different characteristics of treatments for the management of chronic pain and to investigate how preferences differ among respondents.
Study on abrasive particle impact modeling and cutting mechanism
Authors: Mu Mingfei , Feng Long , Zhang Qiang , Zang Wanshun , Wang Haixia
Published: December 2021

Abrasive water jet impact is widely applied in processing, oil fracturing, coal mining, rock crushing, and other engineering fields. The influence of abrasive particles on cutting performance is one of the main characteristics of this technology, which is different from pure fluid cutting. Therefore, as for improving the cutting performance of abrasive water jet, studying the cutting mechanism of abrasive water jet, and clarifying the mapping relationship between particle parameters and cutting, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to clarify the impact failure mechanism and material removal mechanism of abrasive particles in the process of high‐speed impact. In order to study the effect of abrasive particles on cutting performance, irregular abrasive particles are simplified to angular particles and circular particles in this paper. The impact shooting process of particles in abrasive jet cutting is numerically simulated by using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, and the target impact experiments are carried out. The fracture processes of ductile materials and brittle targets impacted by different shapes of particles are studied. The results are showed as follows. Firstly, the SPH numerical model has high accuracy and successfully reproduces the collision process of particles in the process of abrasive jet cutting, including the deformation mechanisms such as plowing, cracking and crushing of the target, and the error of the dent curve formed by the collision is less than 0.5 mm. Secondly, the impact mechanism of angular and circular particles is different for targets with different material properties. For ductile materials, the process of material accumulating to failure value is slow, mainly by the way of accumulation removal. And for brittle materials, it mainly produces plastic deformation and failure, without obvious material accumulation and extrusion area. Thirdly, different impact angles of particles have great influence on material removal.
Analyzing surface electromyography signals to predict fatigue in Longissimus thoracis and Iliocostalis Cervicis muscles: A statistical model
Authors: Salmanzadeh Hamed , Doroodi Maryam
Published: December 2021

Given that people in many jobs suffer from intense pressure being imposed on their muscles, work‐related disabilities such as musculoskeletal disorders have turned into a major concern in industrial countries. Considering the significant financial and physical burden these disorders can put on people and society as a whole, preventing these issues seems more reasonable than remedying them. In this respect, there is a need for further studies concerning the prediction of muscle fatigue and activity under different working conditions. Accordingly, the present study considers an important aspect of this issue by focusing on postures in which the workers do not have access to the work station in the frontal direction. More specifically, the main purpose of this study is to present a statistical model to predict muscle fatigue, for which electromyographic signals are collected from the muscles of individuals while working at a simulated workstation, according to which the activities of the Longissimus thoracis and Iliocostalis Cervicis muscles are evaluated. Afterward, the wavelet transform is employed via Rbio 3.1 function at seven levels to process the collected signals, followed by using the normal mean absolute value index for feature extraction. Finally, some statistical models are created by the generalized estimating equation method. According to the results, posture factors, assembly cycle time, and rest intervals between cycles, which are variables, revealed significant impacts (p < .05) on muscle fatigue. It should be mentioned that the most suitable levels of the mentioned variables are also determined based on the Taguchi design of the conducted experiments. The presented statistical models can be used for designing and comparing workstations with respect to pressure on muscles for more effectively assigning workstations to employees, planning, and scheduling work cycles, and designing industrial machinery.
Darcy–Forchheimer up/downflow of entropy optimized radiative nanofluids with second‐order slip, nonuniform source/sink, and shape effects
Authors: Samantaray Sudhanshu Shekhar , Shaw Sachin , Misra Ashok , Nayak Manoj Kumar , Prakash Jagdish
Published: December 2021

This article examines the influence of single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)/multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanoparticles shapes on the radiative up and down flow of nanofluids past a thin needle. This nanofluid flow is considered in the presence of Darcy‐Forchheimer effects, thermal radiation, Wu's slip, and non‐uniform heat source/sink. Brick, cylinder, platelet, and blade shapes of nanoparticles are considered. Numerical solutions are attained by a well‐known shooting technique. A comprehensive discussion regarding the effects of physical parameters on velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient, and local Nusselt number is carried out. Outcomes reveal that fluid velocities of SWCNT/MWCNT‐Water nanofluids behave in the opposite manner in up and down flows of nanofluids in the order of brick, cylinder, platelet and blade‐shaped nanoparticles. The porosity parameter regulates the heat transfer rate efficaciously. The surface viscous drag intensifies for the nanofluids involving the nanoparticles in the order of their shapes as brick, blade, cylinder, and platelet.
A multi‐objective approach to select hydrological models and constrain structural uncertainties for climate impact assessments
Authors: Saavedra Danny , Mendoza Pablo A. , Addor Nans , Llauca Harold , Vargas Ximena
Published: December 2021

The assessment of climate change impacts on water resources and flood risk is typically underpinned by hydrological models calibrated and selected based on observed streamflow records. Yet, changes in climate are rarely accounted for when selecting hydrological models, which compromises their ability to robustly represent future changes in catchment hydrology. In this paper, we test a simple framework for selecting an ensemble of calibrated hydrological model structures in catchments where contrasting climatic conditions have been observed. We start by considering 78 model structures produced with the FUSE modular modelling framework and rely on a Pareto scheme to select model structures maximizing model efficiency in both wet and dry periods. The application of this approach in three case study basins in Peru enables the identification of structures with good robustness, but also good performance according to hydrological signatures not used for model selection. We also highlight that some model structures that perform well according to traditional efficiency metrics have low performance in contrasting climates or suspicious internal states and fluxes. Importantly, the model selection approach followed here helps to reduce the spread in precipitation elasticities and temperature sensitivities, providing a clearer picture of future hydrological changes. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of using contrasting climatic conditions in a multi‐objective framework to produce robust and credible simulations, and to constrain structural uncertainties in hydrological projections.