bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diffusive Modes of Two-Band Fermions Under Number-Conserving Dissipative Dynamics
Authors: Lyublinskaya A. A. , Burmistrov I. S.
Published: April 2024

Driven-dissipative protocols are proposed to control and create nontrivial quantum many-body correlated states. Protocols conserving the number of particles stand apart. As well-known, in quantum systems with the unitary dynamics the particle number conservation and random scattering yield diffusive behavior of two-particle excitations (diffusons and cooperons). Existence of diffusive modes in the particle-number-conserving dissipative dynamics is not well studied yet. We explicitly demonstrate the existence of diffusons in a paradigmatic model of a two-band system, with dissipative dynamics aiming to empty one fermion band and to populate the other one. The studied model is generalization of the model introduced in F. Tonielli, J.C.Budich, A. Altland, and S. Diehl, Phys. Rev. Lett.124, 240404 (2020). We find how the diffusion coefficient depends on details of a model and the rate of dissipation. We discuss how the existence of diffusive modes complicates engineering of macroscopic many-body correlated states.
Nonequilibrium Phenomena in Planar Mesoscopic Josephson SNS Structures Based on Superconducting Nb
Authors: Lakunov I. S. , Egorov S. V. , Mukhanova E. D. , Batov I. E. , Golikova T. E. , Ryazanov V. V.
Published: April 2024

Nonequilibrium phenomena in planar Josephson SNS nanostructures, where the superconductor (S) is Nb and the normal metal (N) is Cu or Au, have been studied experimentally. Using additional N electrodes attached to the S banks of the Josephson SNS junction, transport measurements have been performed at low temperatures with the injection of quasiparticles with the use of local and nonlocal connection schemes. The charge-imbalance relaxation length in niobium at temperatures much lower than the superconducting transition temperature has been determined experimentally for the first time.
Specific Features of Bragg Resonances in a Magnonic Crystal with Two Periods
Authors: Morozova M. A. , Matveev O. V. , Ptashenko A. S. , Sadovnikov A. V. , Nikitov S. A.
Published: April 2024

Specific features of Bragg resonances in a magnonic crystal with a metallic grating on the surface with two periods have been revealed. A theoretical model describing the spectral characteristics of magnetostatic waves has been constructed by matching the permeabilities of the metal layer and the ferromagnetic film at the interface between them and using the coupled-wave analysis. The distribution of the magnetization amplitude at each Bragg resonance frequency has been calculated by the finite-element method. It has been shown that three Bragg resonances in the first Brillouin zone for the grating with a smaller period and one resonance in the first Brillouin zone for the grating with a larger period are formed in this structure. Resonance frequencies are determined by the ratio of the large and small periods.
Excitation of Josephson Currents by Aerogel Vibrations in Superfluid 3He
Authors: Surovtsev E. V.
Published: April 2024

The problem of mechanical vibrations of an aerogel attached to an elastic wire in superfluid3He is solved for the case, where the aerogel is also in a superfluid state. The hydrodynamic boundary conditions at the aerogel surface formulated in this work allow one to explain the anomalously rapid increase in the frequency of mechanical vibrations of the system on cooling. The found relation between the phase jump at the aerogel boundary and the superfluid current flowing across the boundary suggests the Josephson character of such current.
High-Frequency Shift and Extension of the Terahertz Radiation Spectrum up to 10 THz During Optical Rectification of High-Power Few-Cycle Near-Infrared Femtosecond Pump Radiation in a BNA Crystal
Authors: Rumyantsev B. V. , Zhidovtsev N. A. , Pushkin A. V. , Lobushkin E. A. , Shulyndin P. A. , Suleymanova D. Z. , Savel'ev-trofimov A. B. , Potemkin F. V.
Published: April 2024

The generation of terahertz radiation in a BNA crystal pumped by 1.24-µm femtosecond laser radiation from a Cr:forsterite laser system with a pulse duration of 100 and 35 fs and a pump density of 10 mJ/cm2 has been realized. The achieved generation efficiency is 0.1%. It is found that a decrease in the pump pulse duration from 100 to 35 fs leads to the generation of high-frequency components in the ranges of 2.5–6.5 THz and 9‒10.5 THz in the generated radiation spectrum. Simulation of the terahertz radiation generation based on the solution of Maxwell’s equations by the finite-difference time-domain method has made it possible to adequately describe the measured spectra. The generation of broadband high-frequency terahertz radiation in the BNA crystal pumped by the Cr:forsterite laser system allows one to consider this schematic as an alternative to sources based on the BNA crystal pumped by a Ti:sapphire laser system.
Radiative Losses of Deuterons, Tritons, and Alpha Particles on Tungsten Ions in the Plasma of the ITER and EU-DEMO Tokamaks
Authors: Mavrin A. A. , Demura A. V. , Leont'ev D. S. , Lisitsa V. S.
Published: April 2024

Integral radiative losses of deuterons, tritons, and alpha particles on impurity tungsten ions have been calculated for the first time within the statistical theory of the atom for the designed operational regimes of the ITER and EU-DEMO tokamak reactors. It was previously shown within the statistical theory of the atom that specific radiative losses of this new ion channel are comparable with specific electron radiative losses, which also include losses due to bremsstrahlung, radiative and dielectron recombination. Integral radiative losses have been calculated within the numerical model of fusion power isolines, which was previously proposed to study the operational space and design regimes of tokamak reactors. Spatial distributions of the tungsten density with various degrees of peaking in the center of a plasma column have been considered to study the influence of the accumulation of the impurity on integral radiative losses. It has been found that the studied new channel adds about 20 and 30% to the total integral radiative losses on tungsten in the ITER and E-U‑DEMO tokamak reactors, respectively. Consequently, this channel of radiative losses should be taken into account to examine in more detail the working scenarios of these devices.
Simulation of the Wave Turbulence of a Liquid Surface Using the Dynamic Conformal Transformation Method
Authors: Kochurin E. A.
Published: April 2024

The dynamic conformal transformation method has been generalized for the first time to numerically simulate the capillary wave turbulence of a liquid surface in the plane symmetric anisotropic geometry. The model is strongly nonlinear and involves effects of surface tension, as well as energy dissipation and pumping. Simulation results have shown that the system of nonlinear capillary waves can pass to the quasistationary chaotic motion regime (wave turbulence). The calculated exponents of spectra do not coincide with those for the classical Zakharov–Filonenko spectrum for isotropic capillary turbulence but are in good agreement with the estimate obtained under the assumption of the dominant effect of five-wave resonant interactions.
Magnon Topological Transition in Skyrmion Crystal
Authors: Timofeev V. E. , Baramygina Yu. V. , Aristov D. N.
Published: April 2024

We study the magnon spectrum in skyrmion crystal formed in thin ferromagnetic films with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in presence of magnetic field. Focusing on two low-lying observable magnon modes and employing stereographic projection method, we develop a theory demonstrating a topological transition in the spectrum. Upon the increase in magnetic field, the gap between two magnon bands closes, with the ensuing change in the topological character of both bands. This phenomenon of gap closing, if confirmed in magnetic resonance experiments, may deserve further investigation by thermal Hall conductivity experiments.
On the Character of Superconductivity and Topological Properties of SnAs
Authors: Dmitrieva K. A. , Bezotosnyy P. I. , Pudalov V. M.
Published: April 2024

The paper describes results of the band structure measurements of SnAs single crystals by the ARPES technique. We performed detailed analysis of isoenergetic surfaces in the vicinity and below the Fermi energy. The ARPES experimental data are consistent with theoretically predicted shape of the SnAs Fermi surface. The determined type of the Fermi surface provides the basis for estimating the Ginzburg–Landau parameter, from which it follows that SnAs is a type-I superconductor. In addition, our results of ARPES measurements confirm the presence of band splitting in the energy spectrum at theΓ¯point at electron binding energies in the range of 0.6–1.2 eV associated with spin–orbit interaction.
Local Quench within the Keldysh Technique
Authors: Radovskaya A. A. , Semenov A. G.
Published: April 2024

The problem of quantum scalar field evolution after an instantaneous local perturbation (quench) is considered. A new approach to descriptions of a quench from an arbitrary initial state is developed in the framework of the Keldysh technique. This approach does not require the procedure of the analytical continuation, which can be ambiguous in some cases. The evolution of the energy density after local quench is calculated for a simple case, and its dependence on the interaction region width and the initial conditions is analyzed.
On-Demand Reconstruction of the Waveform of a Mössbauer Gamma-Ray Photon by Means of Delayed Acoustically Induced Transparency
Authors: Khayrulin I. R. , Radionychev E. V.
Published: April 2024

A method has been proposed to reconstruct at arbitrary time the spectral–temporal characteristics of a14.4-keV single-photon wave packet that is emitted by a 57Co source and is resonantly absorbed in themedium of 57Fe nuclei. The method is based on the frequency separation of the field emitted by the sourceand resonance nuclear polarization induced by this field by means of delayed acoustically induced transparencyof the absorber, which appears after the activation of oscillations of the absorber at the correspondingfrequency and amplitude. The proposed method has been compared to the known quantum-optical memorymethods and methods of nuclear polarization control in the gamma range. Experimental conditions havebeen proposed to implement the method. It has been shown that this method allows the implementation ofthe time-resolved Mössbauer spectroscopy of various media.
Study of Characteristics of the Supraglacial Runoff of the Austre Grønfjordbreen, Spitsbergen
Authors: Chernov R. A.
Published: April 2024

Surface runoff on the glacier is represented by two aquifers: a hydro-network of streams and a porous layer of melting crust in which meltwater moves. The first one transfers water from the snowmelt zone, and the second one drains the ablation area. Data on the state of the melting crust at various levels of the glacier and the speed of water movement in it had been obtained. The water store in the melting crust were estimated, the effect of daily ablation on the runoff in the pores and micro-streams was shown. With a limited water supply in the melting crust, the increase in runoff takes place due to the formation of micro-streams having no channels. As the distance from the snow line increases and the ablation becomes more intensive, the portion of streams becomes greater. Observations on the glacier made at different levels showed a qualitative agreement with our estimates. As for the hydro-network, water discharges in watercourses of various sizes and the rate of water transit in them were estimated. It is shown that the meandering of the channels results in regulation of the rate of water transit. For small streams with water flow rate smaller than 200 l/s, this speed turned out to be 0.98 ± 0.25 m/s, for larger streams it was equal to 1.20 ± 0.11 m/s. Calculations of snow and ice melt based on the air temperature above the glacier made possible to estimate the channel runoff in both, the hydro-network, and the weathering crust. During the period of active snowmelt, when the snow line moves lower, the main contribution to the surface runoff is made by the hydro-network of watercourses. As the snow line rises and the area of open ice increases, the share of runoff in the weathering crust increases. By the end of the summer period, runoff in the weathering crust becomes predominant.
Long-Term Dynamics of the Huge Anmangynda Aufeis in the North-East of Russia (1962–2021)
Authors: Zemlianskova A. A. , Alekseev V. R. , Shikhov A. N. , Ostashov A. A. , Nesterova N. V. , Makarieva O. M.
Published: April 2024

The huge Anmangynda aufeis is located in the valley of the river of the same name in the Magadan region in North-East of Russia. This is the only in the world aufeis site with a 30-years period of ground-based observations (1962–1991). The materials of these observations were supplemented with data obtained from the analysis of Landsat and Sentinel satellite images for the period 2000–2021, as well as the results of field investigations carried out in 2020–2021. The long-term variability of the maximum area, volume and average thickness of ice, the dynamics of formation and destruction of the aufeis ice in the cold and warm periods of the year were analyzed. It was found that the maximum values of the area and volume of ice on the dates before the start of ablation decreased by 25 and 33%, respectively. In 2000–2021, the average values of the aufeis characteristics are estimated as 4.7 km2 and 7.1 million m3, while in 1962–1991 – 5.5 km2 and 8.5 million m3. The analysis of the intra-annual dynamics revealed that the Anmangynda aufeis being earlier the perennial formation has transformed to the seasonal one. Further researches of the Anmangynda aufeis will make possible to assess the influence of various factors, including climatic ones, on the processes of an aufeis formation and to forecast their changes in the future for the cryolitic zone of the North-East of our country.
Intra-Annual Variability of the Surface Ablation of the Aldegondabreen Glacier (Spitsbergen)
Authors: Prokhorova U. V. , Terekhov A. V. , Demidov V. E. , Ivanov B. V. , Verkulich S. R.
Published: April 2024

The intra-annual variability of the surface ice ablation on the 5.5 km2 Aldegondabreen glacier (Spitsbergen Island, Barentsburg area) is presented. The ice ablation was measured during five seasons (2018–2022) at the two stakes, installed in the lower part of the glacier and at the index site, where the amount of ablation numerically coincides with the glacier-averaged value with the r = 0.99 agreement. The temporal resolution of the ice ablation data is uneven and varies from 3 to 45 days. To carry out the correlation analysis, meteorological data from the automated weather station located near the glacier terminus are used. The ice ablation rates, obtained after normalization for the number of days between stake readings, have a tight correlation with both the air temperature and the downwelling shortwave radiation flux for most of the seasons, in 2018–2021 (r = 0.71–0.99). Surface air temperature and short-wave radiation are closely related; the above estimates indicate the leading role of short-wave radiation in the summer ablation of the glacier in the period 2018–2021. The year 2022 became anomalous, as the correlation with the shortwave radiation significantly decreased (r = 0.21–0.34). The European heat wave of 2022, which also affected the Svalbard archipelago, interrupted the ordinary intra-annual variability of the air temperature, causing the unprecedented ice melt on Aldegondabreen in September. The predicted increase in frequency and intensity of the future heat waves will result in an increased role of turbulent fluxes in the surface energy balance of the low-elevated Svalbard glaciers. The article demonstrates how the empirically identified dependencies can change from season to season in a non-stationary climate.
Using ERA5–Land Reanalysis and Data from Weather Stations in the Mountainous Regions of Russia to Assess Changes in the Glacial Systems of Eastern Siberia and the Far East
Authors: Titkova T. B. , Ananicheva M. D.
Published: April 2024

This work involving the study of changes in the glacier equilibrium line altitude (ELA) is a continuance of the glaciological parameters of mountain systems investigation. The article explores the possibility of using new generation climate archives (in this case, ERA5–Land) together with weather station data on temperature and precipitation, in order to assess the climate dependence of the glacial system ELA in hard-to-reach and insufficiently studied mountain regions of the Russia Asian part. The ERA5–Land reanalysis reproduces temperature (values, dynamics, and trends) quite well in mountain systems. The use of total precipitation is possible only for assessing their dynamics and trends. The relative error for temperature trend is below 20% in both positive and negative sides, and precipitation is less than 30% in the negative one. Positive temperature trends of different intensity are observed in all mountains of the Russia Asian part with a maximum in the mountain systems of the Arctic zone. Minimal temperature trends are distinctive for coastal mountain regions of temperate latitudes. Summer temperature trends are maximum in inland areas and minimum in coastal mountain areas. The increase in precipitation in such areas occurs mainly at the expense of the cold period. It was revealed there was an increase of the glacial systems ELA from 50 to 800 m in the mountain regions of the Asian North Russia within 1966–2021. The value of the ELA rise coincides with areas of high temperature trends and may not correspond to precipitation negative trends.
Small Glaciers of the Putorana Plateau under Climate Change
Authors: Kovalenko N. V. , Popovnin V. V. , Gubanov A. S. , Polyhov A. A. , Uspenskaya Ye. I.
Published: April 2024

Received November 14, 2022; revised May 24, 2023; accepted June 27, 2023The characteristic feature of the Putorana Plateau is that the glaciological objects here are mostly represented by small glaciers and perennial snow patches. Their regime and morphology have so much common features that separation of these two categories of nival glacial formations from one another is extremely difficult problem. The distinctions between results of earlier studies carried out in the 1970s (the USSR Glacier Inventory estimated local resources at 22 glaciers with a total area of  2.5 km2) and at the beginning of the current century (in 2005, V.A. Sarana identified 61 glaciers with a total area of 7 km2) are too large to make any reliable conclusions about the current trends of the Putoran glaciation. In such conditions, the materials of rare field monitoring work performed on individual nival-glacial bodies become very valuable. Three expedition seasons of 2002–2004 included thorough geodetic and mass-balance measurements on 3 reference objects on the northern ledge of Lama Mts. – Prives (No. 30) Glacier, Marlborough (No. 31) Glacier and Strudoms snow patch. Similar field monitoring was repeated in summer’2019. The change in their configuration according to digital photography data, including the results of the analysis of satellite images, make possible to reveal that interannual fluctuations in the area of each glacier occur due to different vector displacements of its different sections along their entire perimeters. In 2019, the somewhat unexpected good budget state of all 3 monitored objects was detected. It manifested itself in growth of their areas and increased fraction of firn basin as well as in larger water equivalent of the firn residue as this followed from results of snow surveys. This fact contradicts the previous conclusion about the steady trend of deglaciation on the Putorana Plateau. The favourable condition for small glaciers occurred here in 2019 was mainly caused by reduced ablation owing to the weakened insolation that resulted from tremendous forest fires in Siberia, remarkable by their abnormal intensity in this year.
To the theory of the Pliocene – Pleistocene and Holocene climate
Authors: Kislov A. V.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, an attempt to explain the main features of the planetary climate dynamics over the past ~5 Myr is made. In particular, a general cooling from the Pliocene to the Pleistocene, predominant climate variations with periodicities of 100, 41, 2319 thousand years and the continuous nature of the spectrum are discussed. As a result, it was shown that the decrease in temperature is due to a monotonous decrease of the CO2 concentration during the Cenozoic era. This led to glaciations and restructuring the predominant climate rhythmicity of from 41ka to 100 ka years cycles with an increase in the amplitude of fluctuations. 41 ka, 23 ka and 19 ka year cycles are associated with variations in the position of the planet in its orbit and the elongation of its orbit. 100 ka rhythms exists due to the stochastic resonance of internal variability and eccentricity variations. The continuous spectrum of oscillations reflects the transfer of energy along the spectrum from the energy-carrying range due to the direct cascade, which has a Kolmogorov character. At the same time, energy transfer to the low-frequency region (inverse cascade) is also possible and associated with the effect of the Brownian process. Climate change on a century scales is associated with the inflow of energy from two sides, from long-term and short-term processes. In the first case, it is transfer from the energy-carrying Milankovitch cycles, and in the second case, it is pumping from high frequencies. Therefore, these variations, in a certain sense, are the most difficult for causal analysis. The DansgaardOeschger and Heinrich oscillations, which are included in the range of centenary variations, stand apart, having a specific oceanic-glacial nature.
Chronology of Khvalynian Stage of the Caspian Sea according to radiocarbon dating
Authors: Makshaev R. R. , Tkach N. T.
Published: April 2024

The paper analyzes 234 radiocarbon dates of the Khvalynian deposits obtained by researchers over more than 50 years of studying the Caspian region. Most of the dates were obtained from shell material, including endemic species of mollusks of the genus Didacna that lived in the early and late Khvalynian basins of the Caspian Sea. The radiocarbon coverage of the Khvalynian stage is in the range of 468.3 cal. ka BP. The most ancient dates were obtained from the Khvalynian deposits of the Caspian Sea. The largest number of dates falls within the interval of 1712.5 cal. ka BP. The development of the early Khvalynian transgression began 4035 cal. ka BP. During 2518 cal. ka BP the coastline of the early Khvalynian basin reached levels above 05 m asl, and the level of 2022 m asl developed in the range of 1713.5 cal. ka BP. After 12.5 cal. ka BP the sea level was falling probably leading to the development of Enotaevkian regression. The Upper Khvalynian deposits dated between 118.5 cal. ka BP probably correspond to the development of the late Khvalynian transgression. The age interval for the development of the maximum phase (4548 m asl) of the Early Khvalynian transgression has not been determined according to the currently available data.
Global cooling events of the Late Holocene preserved in the coastal sediments in the southern Far East of Russia
Authors: Razjigaeva N. G. , Ganzey L. A. , Grebennikova T. A. , Mokhova L. M. , Chakov V. V. , Kopoteva T. A. , Klimin M. A. , Simonova G. V.
Published: April 2024

Multy-proxy studies of the lagoon terrace in the head of the Amur Bay made it possible to identify sharp short-term cooling events during ~4450, 28702510, 17401200, and 680380 yr BP, and compared them with cold events in other regions around the world. The reconstructions are based on results of diatom, botanical, and palynological analyzes. The Becon age model is based on radiocarbon dating and tephrostratigraphy. Tephra B-Tm from the caldera-forming Baitoushan volcano eruption was found in the section of the peat mire. The section selected to serve as a natural archive has its own specifics. In contrast to the mountainous areas and river basins, where the climate became dry 33203050 years ago due to a sharp decrease in the intensity of the summer monsoon, coastal lacustrine-swamp sequences had been developing in constantly waterlogged conditions. This made it possible to identify short-term dry events that well correlate with the global climatic rhythm caused by decrease in solar radiation. The decrease in moisture was closely related to the influence of the ocean: the intensity of tropical cyclogenesis, which is controlled by the activity of El Nio. The shallowing of the lagoon during the decline of low-amplitude transgression, intensified by the weakening of the summer monsoon, led to a change in terrigenous sedimentation to organogenic at about 3460 years ago. The cooling during 28702510 years ago had the most complex structure with sharp changes in moisture. Change in the course of swamp-forming processes around 1740 years ago associated with the activation of floods, which caused periodic flooding of the peat mire in the vast wetland near the Razdolnaya River mouth, led to the disappearance of the trees and the development of a grass swamp. In general, regional conditions were dry until the Medieval Warm Period. The landscapes responded to cooling by decreasing the role of broad-leaved trees in the forest vegetation of the low mountains, and increase of plants prefering less water-saturated habitats in the coastal plant communities. Of the cold events, the exception is the Little Ice Age, which was wet and characterized by frequent floods. The meridional transfer of moist air masses from the ocean to the continent became more active during that time.
Age of glacial and fluviogla- cial deposits of the Chibitsky glaciocomplex and its dammed lake (Gorny Altai)
Authors: Zolnikov I. D. , Deev E. V. , Kurbanov R. N. , Panin A. V. , Novikov I. S. , Vasiliev A. V.
Published: April 2024

The areal stratotype of the Chibit glaciation is characterized in the stratigraphic scheme of the Quaternary deposits of the Altai-Sayan mountainous region, corresponding to the last glacial maximum, i.e. the fourth stage of the Upper Neopleistocene of the Russian stratigraphic chart. The reference geological sections of the diamictons of the Chibit horizon are described. A Paleogeographic map showing the area of the Chibitsky and Maasheysky glaciers during the LGM is presented. The map was compiled on the basis of remote sensing materials, field geomorphological observations and field geological data. The boundaries of the glacialdammed Baratal Lake are shown based on flooding level of 1700 m. This level corresponds to the upper terraces on the northeastern edge of the Kurai depression. The boulder-gravel deposites formed as a result of the Baratal lake breakthrough were identified in the old valley of the Chuya River. They compose the 57 m high terrace, that is cut into the Chibit moraine. It has been established that the Chibit moraine is embedded into the Saldzhar superflood sequence. Therefore, the Saldzhar and Baratal outbursts are of different ages and scales.
RECONSTRUCTION OF SEDIMENT RUNOFF FORMATION FEATURES IN THE LAKE KHORLAKEL (NORTH CAUCASUS) CATCHMENT FOR THE LAST 8 THOUSAND YEARS (ACCORDING TO GEOMORPHOLOGICAL AND LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC DATA)2
Authors: Shvarev S. V. , Alexandrin M. Yu. , Ivanov M. M. , Golosov V. N.
Published: April 2024

The change in sediment yield is an important indicator of the natural environment dynamics, depending on the combination of landscape, tectonic and climatic conditions. Assessment of sediment yield often based on the results of studying the bottom sediments of mountain lakes with relatively compact catchments. However, for correct reconstructions, in addition to analyzing lake sediments, it is necessary to study the causes and mechanizm of sediment redistribution in their catchments, to identify sediment delivery pathways to the reservoir and their possible changes over different time windows. The drainless Lake Khorlakel, located at the altitude of 2045.0 m above sea level on the northern macroslope of the Greater Caucasus. It is a suitable testing ground for complex research: on the one hand, the relict reservoir is an ideal sedimentation trap, and on the other, it is located with in an area of intensive exogenous processes and tectonic activity. The two boreholes were drilled in 2017 in the deepest (≈8 m) part of the lake and 17 samples collected taken from the cores for radiocarbon dating, which made it possible to build an age model for the range from 8000 to 500 yr. BP. Complex geological and geomorphological studies were carried out in 2021 to interpret the obtained data. It was found that sedimentation in the lake is associated with runoff and sediment redistribution in the Elbashi creek catchment. A number of episodes of proluvial activation with the formation of an outflow cone, followed by lake accumulation, have been traced for the last 8 kyr. The connection between lake and catchment ceased only in the last 1 kyr. BP. Two main stages of lake sedimentation with a boundary of 3 kyr. BP and 10 episodes, that are characterized by different proportions of mineral and organic components in bottom sediments were established. Some of the lithostratigraphic boundaries correlate with strong earthquakes that occurred in the Elbrus region, and some – with climatic events.
DEBRIS FLOW RELIEF OF THE MALAYA PAIPUDYNA BASIN (THE POLAR URAL MOUNTAINS)1
Authors: Rudinskaya A. I. , Belyaev Yu. R.
Published: April 2024

We studied the debris flow relief of the Malaya Paipudyna basin, the Polar Ural Mountains. Based on the analysis of remote sensing data and field surveys, we established that 14 debris flow basins are located on the territory. We found traces of five slushflow occurrence in the streams in the spring of 2021. Typical landforms for different morphodynamic zones of debris flow basins were identified. The initiation zones of debris flows are mainly represented by catchment funnels on the slopes of the Bolshoi and Maliy PaIpudynskii ranges. The transit zones V-shaped bottom incisions alternate with box- and trough-shaped transverse profile. Within the debris flow fans, two generations of accumulative debris flow relief are clearly distinguished. Young accumulation zones are represented by pebble-boulder ridges up to 0.5 m high, localized directly in the near-channel areas of debris flow fans. Usually, they are either devoid of soil and vegetation cover, or are overgrown only by herbs. Ancient debris flow fans are triangular in shaped with convex transverse profile, consisting of a system of ridges and hollows, and overgrown with shrubs. The area of young accumulation zones for each debris flow basin is no more than 0.03 km2, the area of ancient accumulation zones is 0.4 km2. Debris flow fans are superimposed on the bottom of the trough valley of Malaya Paipudyna, which is mainly the surface of glacial accumulation. Probably, the formation of these fans began after the degradation of the last extensive glaciation of the territory. We calculated the morphometric features of the debris flow basins.
CLADOCERA COMMUNITIES OF LAKE ARCTO-PIMBERTO (NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT) IN THE MIDDLE AND LATE HOLOCENE1
Authors: Nigmatullin N. M. , Frolova L. A.
Published: April 2024

The analysis of the subfossil Cladocera community in the bottom sediments from Lake Arcto-Pimberto located in the Pechora River delta (Nenets Autonomous District) was carried out. A 95-cm-long continuous core of bottom sediments was collected in the deepest part of the lake and covers approximately 6400 years of sediment accumulation during Middle and Late Holocene. 17 cladoceran taxa were identified in the studied core. Species with Holarctic and Palearctic distributions prevailed in the lake. Most of the identified subfossil remains belong to pelagic species living in the open part of the lake. Found fragments of chitinized remains of Rhynchotalona falcata and Alonopsis elongata indicate the presence of sandy soils in the water body. The samples were dominated by Bosmina (Eubosmina) longispina and Chydorus cf. sphaericus, which are evenly distributed along the continuous sediment core. We have studied the history of the development and evolution of the lake based on changing of the taxonomic composition of microcrustaceans in the bottom sediment core. The structure of the subfossil Cladocera community stayed relatively constant. The ratio of pelagic and littoral-phytophilic taxa changed slightly. Depending on the changes in the species composition of the cladoceran assemblage, the sediment core was divided into 4 ecological zones. In the early history of sedimentation in the lake, there is a small peak in the abundance of crustaceans, followed by decrease and further gradual increase towards the upper horizons of the column. Between from 5700 cal. years BP to 2100 cal. years BP there is an increase in abundance of pelagic organisms, with a decrease in abundance of littoral taxa. This marks the presence of a well-developed pelagic part of the reservoir at that time. In the upper zones, we observe the taxonomic diversity of littoral organisms and an increase in abundance of their remains. The Shannon-Weaver species diversity Index showed a simple organization of the community of subfossil Cladocera. The Pantle and Buck saprobity Index characterized the lake as oligosaprobic, this status is maintained throughout its evolution of the lake.
Geomorphological Processes in the Central Kamchatka Depression (the Kamchatka Peninsula, Ne Pacific) During the Last 30 Ka
Authors: Zelenin E. A. , Gurinov A. L. , Zakharov A. L. , Ponomareva V. V. , Garipova S. T.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents a reconstruction of geomorphological processes in the Central Kamchatka Depression (CKD) since 30 ka, including the global LGM time. Major geomorphological processes of this period included the evolution of volcanic edifices accompanied by steady tectonic submergence. Glaciers that originated from volcanic edifices were greatly affected by both climatic forcing and the eruptive history of their host volcanoes.
The most prominent geomorphological feature of the studied time was a giant paleolake filled the CKD. The reassessed extent and timing of glaciation and volcanism provided the possible lake fill and discharge model due to the evolution of a piedmont glacier originating from the Old Shiveluch Volcano edifice. The lake discharge likely was gradual and started some 19 ka during the cold settings of LGM, and therefore did not have a climatic origin. The most possible trigger of the discharge is the change in ice supply from the highly active Shiveluch Volcano due to large sector collapses. During the Holocene, the ongoing tectonic submergence of the CKD have been preventing the complete drainage of this paleolake. Even now, an enormously wide floodplain of the Kamchatka River hosts a lacustrine system with a total area of water surface comparable to the largest lakes of the peninsula.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ФІНТЕХ- КОМПАНІЙ В УКРАЇНІ У ВОЄННИЙ ТА ПОВОЄННИЙ ПЕРІОД
Authors: ЖОСАН Ганна , СМОЛІНКІНА Олена
Published: April 2024

Стаття присвячена дослідженню особливостей функціонування фінтех-компаній в Україні під час воєнного та повоєнного періоду. Здійснено аналіз впливу військового конфлікту на діяльність фінтех-сектору та ідентифікацію викликів і можливостей, що виникають в цих умовах. Досліджено зміст фінансових інновацій та їхню роль у стимулюванні економічного розвитку в період нестабільності. Робота також вивчає зарубіжний та український досвід у сфері фінтеху та вказує на стратегії, які можуть сприяти ефективному функціонуванню фінтех-компаній у воєнний та повоєнний час. Результати дослідження можуть бути корисними для розробників політики, управлінців фінансових установ та всіх зацікавлених у розвитку фінансового сектору в умовах нестабільності. Дослідження звертає увагу на важливість адаптації фінтех-компаній до змінюючихся умов та розвиток резервів для збереження стабільності та конкурентоспроможності в умовах конфлікту. Додатково розглядаються можливості співпраці між фінтех-компаніями та державними органами для забезпечення ефективного регулювання та створення сприятливого середовища для розвитку сектору. Висновки цієї статті спрямовані на поглиблене розуміння взаємозв'язку між фінтех-інноваціями та умовами конфлікту, а також на виявлення можливостей для підвищення стійкості та ефективності фінтех-сектору в Україні в умовах нестабільності.
ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ВИРОБНИЦТВА ХЛІБОБУЛОЧНИХ ВИРОБІВ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ ДЛЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ РЕСТОРАННОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА
Authors: БАНДУРА Валентина , ТЕПЛЮК Каріна
Published: April 2024

Вживання жирної смаженої їжі та солодощів, постійні стреси під час військового стану, погіршення екологічного середовища є чинниками, які можуть призвести до захворювання на цукровий діабет. Але багатьом людям вкрай важко зовсім відмовитись від солодощів. Тому останнім часом великим попитом користуються цукрозамінники та підсолоджувачі як натуральні так і штучні. Дані дослідження  пропонують розроблення технологій використання замінника цукру, а саме екстракту стевії, у виготовленні хлібобулочних виробів для власного виробництва у закладах ресторанного господарства. В статті розроблена рецептура хлібобулочних виробів з пониженим вмістом цукрів.
Методическое содержание теоретикопознавательных текстов в учебниках русского языка для 5, 6, 7 и 8 классов начальной школы «Орбита»
Authors: Миликић Наталија
Published: April 2024

В данной работе мы в первую очередь занимались
акцентированием внимания на актуальности текста как единицы
представления учебного процесса, затем указали на важность типологии
учебных текстов, предложив схему их классификации, а после этого
обратили внимание на особое место и значение теоретико-познавательных
текстов. Цель нашей работы как раз и выражается в стремлении
посредством проведенной экспертизы четырех учебников русского языка
для начальной школы из комплекта учебников «Орбита» как можно
реалистичнее взглянуть на методическое содержание теоретикопознавательных текстов в них, определить степень реализации
упомянутых текстовых структур в анализируемых учебниках, а также
предложить ряд конструктивных решений и различные стратегии, которые
способствовали бы лучшему и более качественному замыслу, концепции и
реализации методического содержания теоретико-познавательных текстов
за счет построения и оформления всех последующих учебников русского
(иностранного) языка для начальной школы. В рамках статьи также
изложены результаты проведенного количественного исследования, что
подтверждает высокую степень реализации теоретико-познавательных
текстов в упомянутых учебниках русского языка, ставших предметом
нашей экспертизы, и в связи с этим мы подчеркиваем, что анализируемые
структуры учебников вполне полноценны с точки зрения разнообразия и
степени присутствия в них теоретико-познавательных текстов.
Migración venezolana: una prioridad para la salud pública, desde un enfoque de género y derechos humanos
Authors: Chavez Martínez Janeth Lorena , Basante Castro Yudy , Chaves Pianda Danessa Milady , Gaviria Martínez Paola Andrea , Rosero Delgado María José , Gómez Rosero Álvaro Hugo , Rosero Arcos Víctor Hugo , Moreno Montenegro Norma Viviana , Córdoba Moran María Alejandra , Luna Arroyo Yaneth Biviana
Published: April 2024

En diversos países de América latina, incluyendo Colombia, se viene presentando el fenómeno social del desplazamiento, el cual genera dinámicas migratorias y causa un problema complejo en cada uno de los lugares a los que los migrantes llegan. Por lo general, en especial la población venezolana, vive situaciones muy difíciles debido a las circunstancias que no le permiten vivir en condiciones dignas en medio de la situación que atraviesa, debido en gran parte a circunstancias políticas, económicas, sociales y culturales que han causado su afectación a nivel físico y psicológico, dejando secuelas profundas en su proyecto personal. De lo anterior surge el libro como resultado de la investigación, titulada ‘Conocimientos y prácticas en salud sexual y reproductiva en migrantes venezolanas con intención de permanencia en el municipio de Pasto’, a partir del cual se analizó una de las problemáticas que mayor impacto ha generado en las migrantes venezolanos, planteándose la necesidad de indagar la difícil situación que atraviesan estas personas en lo que respecta a su salud sexual y reproductiva y su incidencia en su calidad de vida. Cabe señalar que el perfil epidemiológico de la población migrante venezolana residente en Colombia permite evidenciar graves problemas de salud pública asociados a la salud sexual y reproductiva, puesto que en esta población se ha presentado un comportamiento negativo en indicadores de impacto, registrándose una alta razón de muerte materna y morbilidad materna extrema, así como una alta incidencia de sífilis gestacional, alta proporción de parto pretérmino y un alto porcentaje de bajo peso al nacer. La mayoría de los anteriores eventos sucedieron en mujeres sin aseguramiento al sistema de salud (Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, 2022a), reflejando necesidades insatisfechas en salud sexual y reproductiva (SSR) y la necesidad de desarrollar investigaciones que aborden la experiencia migratoria, teniendo en cuenta el factor psicosocial y la atención en salud, con énfasis en la SSR, siendo primordial, analizar los conocimientos y prácticas de esta población en este componente, permitiendo visibilizar sus experiencias y necesidades y, de esta manera, incidir en los diferentes sectores y actores sobre la importancia de adoptar medidas adecuadas para hacer frente a la crisis migratoria en las mujeres, con un enfoque de derechos humanos y de género, que incluya una política pública específica y diferencial en SSR, dando respuesta a las necesidades, vulnerabilidades y riesgos que enfrentan.
ANALISIS DETERMINASI TINGKAT KEMISKINAN DI PROVINSI ACEH
Authors: Kusuma Bayu Wijaya , Widawati Anik Sri
Published: April 2024

Provinsi Aceh menjadi salah satu provinsi yang menempati urutan keenam provinsi dengan tingkat kemiskinan tertinggi di Indonesia. Peningkatan jumlah penduduk miskin di Provinsi Aceh menyebabkan Aceh menjadi provinsi termiskin di Pulau Sumatera. Tingginya tingkat kemiskinan ini yang menyebabkan permasalahan kemiskinan menjadi salah satu prioritas dalam setiap pembangunan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh dari jumlah penduduk, Rata-rata Lama Sekolah (RLS), dan pengeluaran per kapita, dan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Provinsi Aceh. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis data kuantitatif dengan data sekunder. Objek penelitian ini adalah seluruh kabupaten/kota Provinsi Aceh yang terdiri dari 23 kabupaten/kota. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel yaitu data cross section selama 5 tahun yaitu tahun 2018 sampai 2022. Metode analisis data menggunakan metode analisis regresi data panel dengan alat analisis Eviews 10. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa variabel jumlah penduduk, RLS, dan pengeluaran per kapita secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Provinsi Aceh. Secara parsial, jumlah penduduk berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Provinsi Aceh, RLS berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Provinsi Aceh, dan peneluaran per kapita berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Provinsi Aceh.
Gerechtigkeit und die Ökologie des Ökonomischen
Authors: Günter Andrea
Published: April 2024

Frauen sind besonders vom Klimawandel betroffen: Die durch die Veränderungen ausgelösten Krisen drängen sie in überkommene Geschlechterverhältnisse. Darum muss Klimapolitik nicht nur eine Neukonzeption des Ökonomischen vorantreiben, sondern auch mit einer Patriarchatskritik einhergehen, die bis in die Konzepte von Gerechtigkeit hineinwirkt. Wenn nachhaltige ökonomische Konzepte entwickelt werden sollen, müssen sie die Kategorie Geschlecht berücksichtigen und Klimaverhältnisse gendersensibel analysieren. Für eine neue Sichtweise werden Ariel Sallehs Konzept des Ökofeminismus und Hannah Arendts Vita activa herangezogen. Die Güter- und Tugendethik wird klimaethisch aktualisiert und eine Feministische Geldtheorie erörtert.
Creating Cultural and Lifestyle Awareness About Dementia and Co-morbidities
Authors: Brownell Malcolm , Sehar Ujala , Mukherjee Upasana , Reddy P. Hemachandra
Published: April 2024

Dementia is a major health concern in society, particularly in the aging population. It is alarmingly increasing in ethnic minorities such as Native Americans, African Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, and to some extent Asians. With increasing comorbidities of dementia such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, dementia rates are expected to increase in the next decade and beyond. Understanding and treating dementia, as well as determining how to prevent it, has become a healthcare priority across the globe for all races and genders. Awareness about dementia and its consequences such as healthcare costs, and caregiver burden are immediate needs to be addressed. Therefore, it is high time for all of us to create awareness about dementia in society, particularly among Hispanics/Latinos, Native Americans, and African Americans. In the current article, we discuss the status of dementia, cultural, and racial impacts on dementia diagnosis and care, particularly in Hispanic populations, and possible steps to increase dementia awareness. We also discussed factors that need to be paid attention to, including, cultural & language barriers, low socioeconomic status, limited knowledge/education, religious/spiritual beliefs and not accepting modern medicine/healthcare facilities. Our article also covers both mental & physical health issues of caregivers who are living with patients with dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias. Most importantly, we discussed possible measures to create awareness about dementia, including empowering community advocacy, promoting healthy lifestyle choices, education on the impact of nutrition, encouraging community participation, and continued collaboration and evaluation of the success of dementia awareness.
The rebirth of epitope-based patent claims
Authors: Storz Ulrich
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Patent protection of therapeutic antibodies and T cell receptors is an important tool to enable the path to the market. In view of the substantial spendings for R&D and regulatory approval, sponsors expect exclusivity for their drug for a given period of time. Different categories exist to protect therapeutic antibodies and T cell receptors. One of these categories are epitope-based patent claims, with regard to which in the different jurisdictions, different patentability standards exist, which, furthermore, are constantly changed by courts and lawmakers. OBJECTIVE: This article tries to explain the patentability issues related to epitope-based patent claims. METHODS: For this purpose, an overview is given on the respective legal provisions and court decisions. RESULTS: The study reveals that the respective patentability standards are constantly changed by courts and lawmakers. CONCLUSIONS: Companies developing therapeutic antibodies or T cell receptors need to consider these developments in their strategic planning.