bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Morita—Baylis—Hillman Alkylation of Unsaturated Thioesters
Authors: Krafft Marie E. , Seibert Kimberly A. , Haxell Thomas F. N.
Published: February 2011

in the presence of Bu3P in catalytic or stoichiometric amounts
ChemInform Abstract: Amine‐Catalyzed (3 + n) Annulations of 2‐(Acetoxymethyl)buta‐2,3‐dienoates with 1,n‐Bisnucleophiles (n = 3—5).
Authors: Li Chaolong , Zhang Qiongmei , Tong Xiaofeng
Published: February 2011

A number of heterocyclic compounds is synthesized in good yields by DABCO‐catalyzed [3 + n] cyclization reactions (n = 3‐5).
ChemInform Abstract: Biginelli and Hantzsch‐Type Reactions Leading to Highly Functionalized Dihydropyrimidinone, Thiocoumarin, and Pyridopyrimidinone Frameworks via Ring Annulation with β‐Oxodithioesters.
Authors: Nandi Ganesh Chandra , Samai Subhasis , Singh Maya Shankar
Published: February 2011

H2SO4‐SiO2‐mediated treatment of the dithioesters (I) with aldehydes and urea provides a convenient approach to dihydropyrimidinones of type (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A Useful, Reliable and Safer Protocol for Hydrogenation and the Hydrogenolysis of O‐Benzyl Groups: The in situ Preparation of an Active Pd0/C Catalyst with Well‐Defined Properties.
Authors: Felpin Francois‐Xavier , Fouquet Eric
Published: February 2011

A convenient protocol for Pd‐catalyzed hydrogenation of olefins as well as reductive debenzylation is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: m‐Iodosylbenzoic Acid as a Convenient Recyclable Hypervalent Iodine Oxidant for the Synthesis of α‐Iodo Ketones by Oxidative Iodination of Ketones.
Authors: Yusubov Mehman S. , Yusubova Rosa Y. , Funk Tatyana V. , Chi Ki‐Whan , Kirschning Andreas , Zhdankin Viktor V.
Published: February 2011

The hypervalent iodine oxidant, consisting of m‐iodosylbenzoic acid and iodine, iodinates various enolizable ketones and β‐dicarbonyl compounds under mild conditions providing the corresponding α‐iodo‐substituted carbonyl compounds in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel Boride‐Mediated Cleavage of 1,3‐Dithiolanes: A Convenient Approach to Reductive Desulfurization.
Authors: Khurana Jitender M. , Magoo Devanshi
Published: February 2011

Nickel boride is an efficient, easily prepared, cheap and convenient reagent for the reductive desulfurization of 1,3‐dithiolanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Use of Allylic Alcohols in the Allylation of Sulfonylimidates
Authors: Matsubara Ryosuke , Masuda Koichiro , Nakano Jyunya , Kobayashi Shu
Published: February 2011

without any activator or base
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Synthesis of Ureas from Amines and Ethylene Carbonate.
Authors: Saliu Francesco , Rindone Bruno
Published: February 2011

The reaction of ethylene carbonate (II) with aliphatic primary and secondary amines is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Opening Reaction of Methylenecyclopropanes Derived from Methylenecyclopropyl Aldehydes Through Cope Rearrangement.
Authors: Tang Xiang‐Ying , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: February 2011

Tandem Wittig reaction/Cope rearrangement of methylenecyclopropyl aldehydes with cinnamyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (I) at room temperature delivered cyclopentenes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: An SN2′ Displacement Approach to Allenyl Acetates.
Authors: Asikainen Martta , Lewis William , Blake Alexander J. , Woodward Simon
Published: February 2011

The cuprates are generated under optimized conditions to give allenes in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Pd‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Fluorinated Imines: Facile Access to Chiral Fluorinated Amines.
Authors: Chen Mu‐Wang , Duan Ying , Chen Qing‐An , Wang Duo‐Sheng , Yu Chang‐Bin , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: February 2011

The reaction is applied to aromatic and aliphatic imines and affords the products with enantioselectivities up to 94%.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbamic Acid 2‐Trimethylsilylethyl Ester as a New Ammonia Equivalent for Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Halides.
Authors: Mullick Dibakar , Anjanappa Prakash , Selvakumar Kumaravel , Ruckmani Kandasamy , Sivakumar Manickam
Published: February 2011

Aryl bromides and chlorides can be readily aminated with ester (II) under conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Nitration of Phenols Using Bismuth Subnitrate/Charcoal in the Presence of Trichloroisocyanuric Acid under Aprotic Conditions.
Authors: Pourali Ali Reza , Fatemi Fatemeh
Published: February 2011

The convenient method uses a grinded mixture of bismuth subnitrate, prepared in the first step, with charcoal under conditions C).
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Monoacylaminals from the Reaction of Amides and Aminals as Precursors in Carbinolamide Synthesis.
Authors: Sansone Matthew F. , Koyanagi Takaoki , Przybyla David E. , Nagorski Richard W.
Published: February 2011

Melting aminals (I) together with carboxylic amides results in a direct synthesis of acylated aminals of type (III) (50 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Benzylamines Catalyzed by a Cyclometalated Ruthenium Complex.
Authors: Taketoshi Ayako , Koizumi Take‐aki , Kanbara Takaki
Published: February 2011

The method allows a mild and efficient access to aromatic nitriles as intermediates for biologically active substances.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(II)‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Sulfides.
Authors: Das Rima , Chakraborty Debashis
Published: February 2011

A simple and chemoselective method for the oxidation of sulfides and disulfides to disulfoxides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Pyridine‐Bridged Bis‐benzimidazolylidene Pincer Nickel(II) Complex: Synthesis and Practical Catalytic Application Towards Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling with Less‐Activated Electrophiles.
Authors: Tu Tao , Mao Han , Herbert Christian , Xu Mizhi , Doetz Karl Heinz
Published: February 2011

The title catalyst is found to be very efficient in promoting cross coupling of less reactive aryl halides and ‐sulfonates with phenylboronic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Alkylaminophenols via Petasis Boronic Mannich Reaction in One Pot Without Catalysts.
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Limin , Sui Yuanyuan , Yu Jianjun
Published: February 2011

Compared to traditional methods the title reaction yields alkylaminophenols, e.g. (IV), in shorter reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Epoxidation of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones with trans‐3,5‐Dihydroperoxy‐3,5‐dimethyl‐1,2‐dioxolane as an Efficient Oxidant.
Authors: Azarifar Davood , Khosravi Kaveh
Published: February 2011

The dioxolane DHD, easily prepared from acetylacetone and hydrogen peroxide, can be efficiently used as reagent for the diastereoselective epoxidation of trans‐chalcones.
ChemInform Abstract: Ytterbium Triflate Catalyzed Synthesis of Chlorinated Lactones.
Authors: Genovese Salvatore , Epifano Francesco , Pelucchini Caroline , Procopio Antonio , Curini Massimo
Published: February 2011

Chloramine T shows superior properties to sodium hypochlorite concerning yields and reaction time.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Synthesis of 2‐ and 3‐Substituted Benzo[b]furans.
Authors: Pei Tao , Chen Cheng‐yi , DiMichele Lisa , Davies Ian W.
Published: February 2011

Depending on the conditions, C2‐substituted benzofuran (IV) or C3‐substituted isomer (V) is formed via the same intermediate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Oxidative Radical Substitution Process. Synthesis of Pyrrole Fused Systems.
Authors: Florez‐Lopez Edwin , Gomez‐Perez Liliana B. , Miranda Luis D.
Published: February 2011

An unprecedented xanthate‐based process is developed and the utility is demonstrated by the synthesis of the pharmaceutically active compounds tolmetin (IV) and ketorolac (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Functionalization of Indoles: Copper‐Catalyzed Malonyl Carbenoid Insertions.
Authors: Johansen Michael B. , Kerr Michael A.
Published: February 2011

The reaction proceeds with high regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent Iodine(III) Mediated Decarboxylative Halogenation of Indolecarboxylic Acids for the Synthesis of Haloindole Derivatives.
Authors: Hamamoto Hiromi , Umemoto Hideaki , Umemoto Misako , Ohta Chiaki , Dohshita Masashi , Miki Yasuyoshi
Published: February 2011

Decarboxylative halogenation of indolecarboxylic acids is achieved in a Hunsdiecker‐type reaction using a phenyliodine diacetate/lithium halide system.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferric(III) Nitrate: An Efficient Catalyst for the Regioselective Friedel—Crafts Reactions of Indoles and tert‐Enamides in Water.
Authors: Jiang Ran , Wu Xiao‐Jin , Zhu Xu , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: February 2011

Friedel—Crafts reactions catalyzed by ferric nitrate in water at room temperature between various indoles and tertiary enamides are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum‐Catalyzed, One‐Pot Tandem Synthesis of Indoles and Isoquinolines via Sequential Rearrangement of Amides and Aminocyclization.
Authors: Okamoto Noriko , Takeda Kei , Yanada Reiko
Published: February 2011

The method provides a new and concise method to prepare indoles and isoquinolines as well as macrocyclic bis(indoles).
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Carboamination of Alkenes for the Synthesis of Hexahydro‐1H‐benz[f]indoles.
Authors: Miao Lei , Haque Imranul , Manzoni Maria R. , Tham Weng Siong , Chemler Sherry R.
Published: February 2011

Substrates (VIII) with ortho substituents yield regioisomers conditional on shifting to the meta position [cf.(X)].
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Conversions of Olefins to Cyclic Carbonates and Secondary Allylic and Homoallylic Amines to Cyclic Carbamates.
Authors: Davies Stephen G. , Fletcher Ai M. , Kurosawa Wataru , Lee James A. , Poce Giovanna , Roberts Paul M. , Thomson James E. , Williamson David M.
Published: February 2011

The formation of cyclic carbonates and carbamates proceeds with high stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Multicomponent Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles Using Fe3+‐K10 Catalyst under Solvent‐Free Microwave Conditions.
Authors: Raghuvanshi D. S. , Singh Krishna Nand
Published: February 2011

An eco‐friendly synthesis is reported without by‐product formation and easy work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Aminobenzoxazoles Using Tetramethyl Orthocarbonate or 1,1‐Dichlorodiphenoxymethane.
Authors: Cioffi Christopher L. , Lansing John J. , Yueksel Hamza
Published: February 2011

These two methods allow versatile and facile access to a wide range of 2‐aminobenzoxazoles and related compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: An Effective Synthesis of a (Pyridin‐3‐yl)isoxazole via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Using ZnCl2: Synthesis of a (2‐Aminopyridin‐3‐yl)isoxazole Derivative and Its Antifungal Activity.
Authors: Tanaka Keigo , et al. et al.
Published: February 2011

Optimized conditions render possible the preparation of title products (III) in moderate yield.
ChemInform Abstract: ′Click′ Assembly of Selective Inhibitors for MAO‐A.
Authors: Jia Zhao , Zhu Qing
Published: February 2011

A 108 compounds library of 1,4‐disubstituted triazoles is efficiently constructed using click chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Electrochemistry of Ferrocenyl‐Substituted 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles.
Authors: Tauchman Jiri , Trnka Jakub , Cisarova Ivana , Stepnicka Petr
Published: February 2011

The solid‐state structures of (III), (V), and (VI) are determined by X‐ray diffraction and the redox behavior of oxadiazoles (III) and (VI) is studied by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and by voltammetry at a rotating disc electrode.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica‐Supported Ferric Chloride (FeCl3—SiO2): An Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Preparation of Arylaminotetrazoles.
Authors: Habibi Davood , Nasrollahzadeh Mahmoud
Published: February 2011

A novel and highly efficient method for the synthesis of the compounds (II) and (III) is developed by using a reusable and benign catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐4‐pyranones by Reaction of Chiral 3‐Alkoxycyclobutanone and Aldehydes.
Authors: Negishi Shoko , Ishibashi Hiroyuki , Matsuo Jun‐ichi
Published: February 2011

The cyclobutanone (I) bearing L‐ethyl lactate as chiral auxiliary is found to be highly suitable for the preparation of the pyran derivatives with good to excellent e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of New Polycyclic Compounds Derived from Benzofurans and Furochromones. An Approach to Novel 1,2,3‐Thia‐, and Selenadiazolofurochromones of Anticipated Antitumor Activities.
Authors: Atta Sanaa M. Sh. , Farrag Dalia S. , Sweed Ayman M. K. , Abdel‐Rahman A. H.
Published: February 2011

Simple and efficient approaches for the synthesis of new sulfur‐, selenium‐, iron‐, and nitrogen‐containing benzofuran and furochromone derivatives starting from visnaginone (VIIIa), khellinone (VIIIb) or enaminoketones (I) are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocycle‐Bridged and Conformationally Constrained Retinoids: Synthesis of 4‐(7,8,9,10‐Tetrahydro‐7,7,10,10‐tetramethyl‐4H‐benzo[6,7]chromeno [4,3‐d]thiazole‐2‐yl)benzoic Acid.
Authors: Lamei Navid , Foroumadi Alireza , Emami Saeed , Amini Mohsen , Shafiee Abbas
Published: February 2011

A synthetic strategy for the preparation of title compound (VII) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Formation of Piperidine‐ and Pyrrolidine‐Substituted Pyridinium Salts via Addition of 5‐Alkylaminopenta‐2,4‐dienals to N‐Acyliminium Ions: Application to the Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Nicotine and Analogues.
Authors: Peixoto Sabrina , Nguyen Tuan Minh , Crich David , Delpech Bernard , Marazano Christian
Published: February 2011

Pyridine‐containing alkaloids as nicotine and anabasine analogues can be prepared with good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitropyridines. Part 8. Synthesis of Substituted 5‐Nitronicotinamides.
Authors: Sagitullina G. P. , Garkushenko A. K. , Glizdinskaya L. V. , Poendaev N. V. , Eremeeva D. E. , Sagitullin R. S.
Published: February 2011

Hitherto unknown nitriles of 5‐nitronicotinic acid are synthesized by cyclocondensation reactions of nitrocarbonyl compounds and their derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective Synthesis of Substituted Tetrahydroquinolines by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Substituted 2‐Amidophenylmalonates with 1,4‐Diacetoxybut‐2‐ene.
Authors: Yoshida Masahiro , Maeyama Yohei , Shishido Kozo
Published: February 2011

The regioselectivity depends on the substituent at the amino group.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Trifluoromethyl Quinoline (III) by the Reaction of Fluorinated Imine with Alkyne Catalyzed by Indium(III) Triflate.
Authors: Xie Haibo , Zhu Jiangtao , Chen Zixian , Li Shan , Wu Yongming
Published: February 2011

Deuterium labeling studies support the Diels—Alder reaction mechanism proposed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed, Microwave‐Enhanced Three‐Component Synthesis of Isoquinolines with Aqueous Ammonia.
Authors: Dell'Acqua Monica , Abbiati Giorgio , Rossi Elisabetta
Published: February 2011

An unprecedented multicomponent synthesis of isoquinolines (III) and related 1,6‐naphthyridine (V) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Bernthsen Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activities and Cytotoxicity of Acridine Derivatives.
Authors: Patel Mehul M. , Mali Mimansha D. , Patel Saurabh K.
Published: February 2011

Acridinylmethylchromenones (III) are obtained in the condensation reaction of diphenylamine (II) with acid (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Enantioselective Broensted Acid Catalyzed N‐Acyliminium Cyclization Cascades of Tryptamines and Ketoacids.
Authors: Holloway Chloe A. , Muratore Michael E. , Storer R. Ian , Dixon Darren J.
Published: February 2011

The method renders possible the preparation of various complex N‐heterocyclic skeletons en route to natural product synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Molecular‐Modeling Study of Aminothienopyridine Analogues of Tacrine for Alzheimer′s Disease.
Authors: Badran Mohga M. , Hakeem Maha Abdel , Abuel‐Maaty Suzan M. , El‐Malah Afaf , Salam Rania M. Abdel
Published: February 2011

Starting compounds (I) are obtained by classical Gewald reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Gallium(III) Iodide‐Catalyzed Biginelli‐Type Reaction under Solvent‐Free Conditions: Efficient Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Li Dapeng , Mao Haifeng , An Litao , Huang Zhihao , Zou Jianping
Published: February 2011

Gallium triiodide catalyzed Biginelly‐type reactions are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Novel Series of Pyrimido‐ and Triazino[4,5‐b]quinolines
Authors: Said Said A. , Moustafa Ahmed H.
Published: February 2011

starting from 2‐aminohexahydroquinoline‐3‐carboxamide (III)
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation, and Docking Studies of Novel 4‐Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives as DNA‐Gyrase Inhibitors.
Authors: Boyapati Shireesha , Kulandaivelu Umasankar , Sangu Srinivas , Vanga Malla Reddy
Published: February 2011

Antimicrobial evaluation (two Gram‐negative, two Gram‐positive, and two fungal strains) of the title compounds shows that (IVb) and (VIIIb) have a potency against Gram‐negative bacteria that is comparable to that of the standard ciprofloxacin.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones Incorporating Sulfonamide‐4‐thiazolidinone.
Authors: Patel Navin B. , Patel Jaymin C. , Patel Virendra N.
Published: February 2011

Both Schiff bases (VII) and thiazolidinone derivatives (IX) are screened for their antimicrobial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 4(3H)‐Quinazolinones Catalyzed by Ceric Ammonium Nitrate.
Authors: Wang M. , Song Z. G. , Zhang T. T.
Published: February 2011

via a multi‐component reaction under solvent‐free conditions
ChemInform Abstract: Difluorotetrahydropyridothiazinone: A Selective β‐Galactosidase Inhibitor.
Authors: Csuk Rene , Prell Erik
Published: February 2011

Title compound (VII) is tested against several glycosidases.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Expansion Reactions of Ethyl Cyclopropylideneacetate and Benzosilacyclobutenes: Formal σ Bond Cross Metathesis.
Authors: Saito Shinichi , Yoshizawa Takahiro , Ishigami Shinya , Yamasaki Ryu
Published: February 2011

The title reaction affords E/Z‐mixtures of benzosilacycloheptanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Condensation Reactions of Planar Chiral Tricarbonyl‐chromium‐complexed Benzylic Alcohols and Acetates with Reactive Arenes.
Authors: Rosca Sorin I. , Stan Raluca , Ott Cristina , Parlea Elena
Published: February 2011

Condensation reactions of planar chiral tricarbonyl chromium complexes containing one or two reactive benzylic sites with various aryl compounds under mild reaction conditions using BF3·OEt2 as catalyst are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Kansuinone, a Novel Euphane‐Type Triterpene from Euphorbia kansui.
Authors: Guo Jie , He Hong‐Ping , Fang Xin , Di Ying‐Tong , Li Shun‐Lin , Zhang Zhen , Leng Ying , Hua Hui‐Ming , Hao Xiao‐Jiang
Published: February 2011

Preliminary investigations reveal inhibitory activity against human and mouse 11β‐HSD1.
ChemInform Abstract: Lupane‐Type Triterpenoids from the Steamed Leaves of Acanthopanax koreanum and Their Inhibitory Effects on the LPS‐Stimulated Pro‐Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Bone Marrow‐Derived Dendritic Cells.
Authors: Kim Jeong Ah , Yang Seo Young , Koo Jung‐Eun , Koh Young‐Sang , Kim Young Ho
Published: February 2011

New acid (I) and ester (II) are isolated along with eight known lupane‐type triterpenoids from steamed leaves of Acanthopanax koreanum.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of β‐Enamino Ketones from endo Glucal via Hypervalent Iodine.
Authors: Lin Zi‐Ping , Wu Hsu‐Hsuan , Kimura Masayuki , Kaneko Kimiyoshi , Takayama Hiroyuki , Wong Fung Fuh , Wu Jin Bin , Lin Hui‐Chang
Published: February 2011

The intermediate ketones [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Phenolic Compound from Dendrobium longicornu.
Authors: Hu Jiangmiao , Fan Weiwei , Zhou Lu , Zhao Youxing , Zhou Jun
Published: February 2011

From the stems of the title compound longicornuol B (I) is isolated.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents of Parkia javanica, Alocasia indica and Premna latifolia.
Authors: Dinda B. , Mohanta B. C. , Ghosh P. , Sato N. , Harigaya Y.
Published: February 2011

The new compound (I), named parkinol, is isolated from Parkia javanica. All the other isolated compounds are known.
ChemInform Abstract: Phytochemical Investigation of Citrus reshni (Tan.) Flavido.
Authors: Yadav Lalita , Rani Geeta , Kalidhar S. B.
Published: February 2011

The new compound (I) is isolated besides four known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Potent Neuroprotective Role of Novel Melatonin Derivatives for Management of Central Neuropathy Induced by Acrylamide in Rats.
Authors: Ahmed Hanaa H. , Elmegeed Gamal A. , El‐Sayed El‐Sayed M. , Abd‐Elhalim Mervat M. , Shousha Wafaa Gh. , Shafic Reham W.
Published: February 2011

Novel metatonin derivatives (III), (VI), (X) and (XIV) are synthesized, which exhibit promising protective activity against acrylamide‐induced neurotoxicity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Some 4‐Oxo‐quinolin‐2‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives as Antiinflammatory and Analgesic Agents.
Authors: Mazzoni Orazio , Esposito Giovanni , Diurno Maria Vittoria , Brancaccio Diego , Carotenuto Alfonso , Grieco Paolo , Novellino Ettore , Filippelli Walter
Published: February 2011

Synthesis and pharmacological activity of a series of N‐aroyl derivatives (I) of kynurenic acid methyl esters, structurally related to NSAID indomethacin are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal and Chemical Methods for Producing Zinc Silicate (Willemite): A Review
Authors: Takesue Masafumi , Hayashi Hiromichi , Smith, Richard L. Jr.
Published: February 2011

Review: 207 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Production and Detection of H Atoms and Vibrationally Excited H2 Molecules in CVD Processes
Authors: Umemoto Hironobu
Published: February 2011

Review: 184 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress on ZnO‐Based Metal‐Semiconductor Field‐Effect Transistors and Their Application in Transparent Integrated Circuits
Authors: Frenzel Heiko , Lajn Alexander , von Wenckstern Holger , Lorenz Michael , Schein Friedrich , Zhang Zhipeng , Grundmann Marius
Published: February 2011

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Challenges in Applied Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Herbst Konrad , Mogensen Gurli , Huber Florian , Ostberg Martin , Skjoth‐Rasmussen Martin Skov
Published: February 2011

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Atomic Aspects of Surface Chemical Reactions
Authors: Asakura Kiyotaka
Published: February 2011

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Chemical View of the Giant Au102(SR)44 (SR = P‐Mercaptobenzoic Acid) Cluster: Metalloid Aluminum and Gallium Clusters as Path Making Examples of this Novel Type Open our Eyes for Structure and Bonding of Metalloid Aun(SR)m (n < m) Clusters
Authors: Schnoeckel Hansgeorg , Schnepf Andreas , Whetten Robert L. , Schenk Christian , Henke Patrick
Published: February 2011

Review: ≈60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organo‐Transition Metal Cluster Complexes
Authors: Humphrey Mark G. , Cifuentes Marie P.
Published: February 2011

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkali/Coinage Metals: Organolithium, Organocuprate Chemistry
Authors: Engels Volker , Wheatley Andrew E. H.
Published: February 2011

Review: 140 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Scandium, Yttrium and the Lanthanides
Authors: Brennan John G. , Sella Andrea
Published: February 2011

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Stabilization of Organometallic Complexes Using m‐Terphenyl Ligands
Authors: Kays Deborah L.
Published: February 2011

Review: 130 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis(phosphorus‐Stabilized)methanide and Methandiide Derivatives of Group 1‐5 and F‐Element Metals
Authors: Liddle Stephen T. , Mills David P. , Wooles Ashley J.
Published: February 2011

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Transition Metal N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Willans Charlotte E.
Published: February 2011

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Marine Toxins with Spiroimine Rings: Total Synthesis of Pinnatoxin A.
Authors: Beaumont Stephane , Ilardi Elizabeth A. , Tappin Nicholas D. C. , Zakarian Armen
Published: February 2011

Review: ca. 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Third Hydrogenase: More Natural Organometallics
Authors: Wright Joseph A. , Turrell Peter J. , Pickett Christopher J.
Published: February 2011

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphasilaallenes <Si:C:P‐ and Phosphagermaallenes <Ge:C:P‐
Authors: Escudie Jean , Nemes Gabriela
Published: February 2011

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrogen‐ and Oxygen‐Bridged Bidentate Phosphaalkene Ligands
Authors: du Mont Wolf‐Walther , Birzoi Roxana , Bugnariu Delia , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Goers Christine , Gimeno Rafael Guerrero , Gust Thorsten , Lungu Daniela , Riecke Antje , Bartsch Rainer , et al. et al.
Published: February 2011

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Catalytic Binuclear Elimination Reaction: Confirmation from in situ FTIR Studies of Homogeneous Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation
Authors: Li Chuanzhao , Chen Li , Widjaja Effendi , Garland Marc
Published: February 2011

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Aminopyrimidines. Part 1.
Authors: Dwivedi Parmesh Kumar , Tripathi Kishu , Mishra Mamta
Published: February 2011

Review: 62 refs.
Reactive Adsorption of NO2 at Ambient Conditions on Iron‐Containing Polymer‐Based Porous Carbons
Authors: Bashkova Svetlana , Bandosz Teresa J.
Published: February 2011

Adsorption of NO2 and retention of NO (the product of NO2 reduction by carbon) on iron‐containing materials prepared from polystyrenesulfonic acid‐co‐maleic acid iron salt were studied. The surface of the materials was characterized using nitrogen adsorption, XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), and FTIR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed the positive effects of the pore volume and well‐dispersed iron species (Fe2O3, FeSO4, and FeS) on the performance of carbons as NO2 adsorbents at room temperature. The retention of NO2 on the carbon surface takes place either through its reduction to NO by carbon and/or by Fe2O3, FeSO4, and FeS, or through its reaction with Fe2O3 and/or Fe(OH)3, leading to the formation of Fe(NO3)3. The retention of NO is enhanced on carbons containing iron in the form of α‐FeOOH, α‐Fe2O3, or γ‐FeOOH. The best performance was found on the carbon with α‐Fe2O3. Dispersion and the particle size of iron compounds on the carbon surface affect both the adsorption/reduction process of NO2 and the retention process of NO.
Use of two sulfonthalein dyes in the extraction‐free spectrophotometric assay of tramadol in dosage forms and in spiked human urine based on ion‐pair reaction
Authors: Vinay Kanakapura B. , Revannasiddappa Hosakere D. , Rajendraprasad Nagaraju , Ramesh Pavagada J. , Xavier Cijo M. , Basavaiah Kanakapura
Published: February 2011

Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic used in the prevention and treatment of moderate to severe pain. Two sensitive, selective, and rapid spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of tramadol in its dosage forms and in spiked human urine. The methods are based on formation of yellow ion‐pairs between tramadol and two sulfonthalein dyes; bromocresol purple (BCP) and bromocresol green (BCG) in dichloromethane medium followed by absorbance measurement at 400 and 410 nm, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, tramadol could be assayed in the concentration ranges, 1–15 and 1–16 µg ml−1with correlation coefficient greater than 0.999 in both cases. The molar absorptivity values are calculated to be 1.84 × 104and 1.97 × 104l mol−1cm−1for BCP and BCG methods, respectively; and the corresponding Sandell sensitivity values are 0.0143 and 0.0134 µg cm−2. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) have also been reported. The stoichiometry of the reaction was found to be 1:1 in both cases and the conditional stability constant (Kf) values of the ion pairs have been calculated. The within‐day and between‐day RSD were 0.9–1.96% and 1.56–3.21%, respectively. The methods were successfully applied to the determination of tramadol in tablets and injections and also in spiked human urine with good recoveries. The procedures are simple, accurate, and suitable for quality control application. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A PCR amplification method without DNA extraction
Authors: Li Hongwei , Xu Haiyue , Zhao Chunjiang , Sulaiman Yiming , Wu Changxin
Published: February 2011

To develop a simple and inexpensive method for direct PCR amplification of animal DNA from tissues, we optimized different components and their concentration in lysis buffer systems. Finally, we acquired the optimized buffer system composed of 10 mmol tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris)‐Cl (pH 8.0), 2 mmol ethylene diamine tetraacetic (EDTA) (pH 8.0), 0.2 mol NaCl and 200 μg/mL Proteinase K. Interestingly, the optimized buffer is also very effective when working with common human sample types, including blood, buccal cells and hair. The direct PCR method requires fewer reagents (Tris‐Cl, EDTA, Protease K and NaCl) and less incubation time (only 35 min). The cost of treating every sample is less than $0.02, and all steps can be completed on a thermal cycler in a 96‐well format. So, the proposed method will significantly improve high‐throughput PCR‐based molecular assays in animal systems and in common human sample types.
Negative dielectrophoresis‐based particle separation by size in a serpentine microchannel
Authors: Church Christopher , Zhu Junjie , Xuan Xiangchun
Published: February 2011

Dielectrophoresis has been widely used to focus, trap, concentrate, and sort particles in microfluidic devices. This work demonstrates a continuous separation of particles by size in a serpentine microchannel using negative dielectrophoresis. Depending on the magnitude of the turn‐induced dielectrophoretic force, particles travelling electrokinetically through a serpentine channel either migrate toward the centerline or bounce between the two sidewalls. These distinctive focusing and bouncing phenomena are utilized to implement a dielectrophoretic separation of 1 and 3 μm polystyrene particles under a DC‐biased AC electric field of 880 V/cm on average. The particle separation process in the entire microchannel is simulated by a numerical model.
The “Red Rock Fault”, Cheshire: A critical review
Authors: Challinor J.
Published: February 2011

The credentials of the so‐called Red Rock Fault, along the eastern border of the Cheshire Plain, and at the boundary between the Trias or Permo‐Trias on the west, and the Carboniferous rocks on the east, are examined from the published records. The conclusion reached is that the boundary probably represents an unconformity, not a fault. It may be taken to be a test case as to the authenticity of other well known and long established ‘faults’ in the structure of Britain.
New British records of Carboniferous lycopod cones
Authors: Thomas B. A.
Published: February 2011

Five species of Carboniferous lycopod cones have been identified from new British localities. Their geographical distributions have been widened and most have had their stratigraphical ranges extended. Comparisons are also made with the ranges of those dispersed spores which appear to be identical to the spores found in the cones.
Meander development and floodplain sedimentation: A case study from mid‐Wales
Authors: Lewin J.
Published: February 2011

Spatial and temporal patterns of meander development and sedimentation are assessed for a meander loop on the River Rheidol. Several scales and rates of change are distinguished for which different observational approaches are helpful. The meander loop itself developed over approximately 100 years while primary high‐flow bedforms grew and migrated within the loop modifying its form. These were themselves variously dissected and embellished at intermediate discharges, but their residues are preserved as a major component of floodplain sedimentation. The characteristic and irregular pattern of point bar micro‐relief common to rivers in mid‐Wales suggests some adjustment of ideas on meander activity is required.
Syntectonic growth of garnets: Discussion of a new model proposed by M. J. de Wit
Authors: Schoneveld C.
Published: February 2011

Textural and compositional zoning observed in paracrystalline rotated garnets, as well as the euhedral shape of some of these crystals, show that each of them has originated from a single nucleus and acted as a rigid body during subsequent growth and rotation. The alternative multiple nucleus model of de Wit (1976) is thus considered inapplicable as a general model. It is argued that even for the specific cases described by de Wit the classic single nucleus model could be applied.
Geological history and significance of a laminated and slumped unit in the Carboniferous Limestone of the Monsal Dale region, Derbyshire
Authors: Adams A. E. , Cossey P. J.
Published: February 2011

A laminated and slumped limestone bed from the Carboniferous Limestone of Derbyshire, known as the Rosewood Marble, is described in detail. The laminations comprise alternations of micrite and dolomite, the dolomite laminae originally being fine grainstones. The bed was deposited on a slope and slipping and sliding gave rise to tensional features such as pull‐apart structures and compressional features such as slump folds. Evidence suggests that the palaeoslope was inclined towards the south‐southeast and caused by synsedimentary movements of the Longstone Edge monocline and/or the Priestcliffe syncline. Diagenetic features described include cementation, dolomitization, calcite pseudomorphs after replacement anhydrite and silicification.
The sequence of the earlier lower old red sandstone (siluro‐devonian), north of milford haven, southwest dyfed (wales)
Authors: Allen J. R. L. , Williams B. P. J.
Published: February 2011

The Red Marls are renamed the Milford Haven Group (thickness approximately 2 · 4 km) and divided between the Red Cliff, Albion Sands, Lindsway Bay, Sandy Haven and Gelliswick Bay Formations, in ascending order. The lowest three, totalling approximately 230 m in thickness, are largely restricted to the Marloes area, where they succeed the marine Silurian rocks sharply and with a distinct facies change, indicative of a possibly substantial stratigraphical break. Northwards the Red Cliff and Albion Sands Formations are overlapped, the Lindsway Bay Formation in the Winsle area resting disconformably on marine Silurian rocks older than the youngest of the marine Silurian beds exposed at Marloes. The Sandy Haven and Gelliswick Bay Formations are more widely distributed and closely resemble the Red Marls of the Pembroke Peninsula and the main outcrop north of the Benton Fault. They are Gedinnian in age on the basis of ostracoderms, but the Gelliswick Bay Formation may range into the Siegenian. The thick Cosheston Group, which grades up from the Gelliswick Bay formation, probably represents the remainder of the Siegenian and may possibly be partly Emsian in age. The character of the Milford Haven Group lends no credence to the idea that allochthonous blocks are assembled in southwest Dyfed as the result of Variscan movements.
The caradocian rocks of the north and west berwyn hills, north wales
Authors: Brenchley P. J.
Published: February 2011

The Caradoc of the Berwyn Hills is a thick sequence of marine mudstones and siltstones with interstratified sub‐aerial tuff formations. Near the top of the succession there is a sharp facies change to graptolitic shales. The sequence has been re‐mapped and two new formations (the Pen‐plaenau Siltstone Formation and Cwm Rhiwarth Siltstone Formation) and one new member are proposed. Assemblage zones can be traced round the outcrop in the lower part of the sequence (Soudleyan) but higher in the succession (Longvillian) there are differences between the faunal assemblages of the north and west. The northern faunas are referred to Dalmanella community which is believed to have occupied a shallower environment than the Nicolella community to the west. In spite of the presumed environmental control of the faunas, the sequence can be fairly precisely correlated with the classic sections in Shropshire and Bala.

The Caradoc sedimentary sequence represents a mainly shallow sub‐tidal environment with periodic episodes of local emergence. The area deepened during the Longvillian, particularly in the west. There followed a period of non‐deposition with probably some erosion at the base of the Nod Glas which itself represents a period of reduced sediment.

There is a well‐known stratigraphic break at the base of the Ashgill which rests on rocks of Onnian age and on different horizons of the Longvillian.
Floral biostratigraphy of the upper silesian pennant measures of south wales
Authors: Cleal C. J.
Published: February 2011

New information on the distribution of Upper Carboniferous fossil plants in South Wales has led the author to revise the positions of the chronostratigraphical boundaries in the Pennant Measures. The base of the Westphalian D is now placed in the upper Rhondda Beds. The middle Westphalian D floral change has been found to occur in two steps, one in the lower and one in the upper Hughes Beds. The Westphalian‐Stephanian boundary is provisionally placed near the top of the Grovesend Beds.
The glaciation of the outer hebrides
Authors: Flinn Derek
Published: February 2011

For the last 100 years there has been general acceptance for J. Geikie's hypothesis that during the last glacial maximum the Outer Hebrides was over‐run by the Scottish ice‐cap. An examination of the roches moutonnees on the east side of the islands from Stornoway to S. Uist shows that the ice flowed towards and not away from Scotland. During the last glacial maximum the Outer Hebrides were glaciated by their own ice‐cap. There is evidence that the Scottish ice‐cap overran the area during an earlier glaciation.
Expression and detrimental role of hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase in spinal cord contusion injury
Authors: Redensek Adriana , Rathore Khizr I. , Berard Jennifer L. , López‐Vales Rubèn , SWAYNE Leigh Anne , Bennett Steffany A.L. , Mohri Ikuko , Taniike Masako , Urade Yoshihiro , David Samuel
Published: February 2011

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is a potent inflammatory mediator, which is implicated in both the initiation and resolution of inflammation in peripheral non‐neural tissues. Its role in the central nervous system has not been fully elucidated. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with an acute inflammatory response, which contributes to secondary tissue damage that worsens functional loss. We show here, with the use of hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (HPGDS) deficient mice and a HPGDS selective inhibitor (HQL‐79), that PGD2 plays a detrimental role after SCI. We also show that HPGDS is expressed in macrophages in the injured mouse spinal cord and contributes to the increase in PGD2 in the contused spinal cord. HPGDS−/− mice also show reduced secondary tissue damage and reduced expression of the proinflammatory chemokine CXCL10 as well as an increase in IL‐6 and TGFβ‐1 expression in the injured spinal cord. This was accompanied by a reduction in the expression of the microglia/macrophage activation marker Mac‐2 and an increase in the antioxidant metallothionein III. Importantly, HPGDS deficient mice exhibit significantly better locomotor recovery after spinal cord contusion injury than wild‐type (Wt) mice. In addition, systemically administered HPGDS inhibitor (HQL‐79) also enhanced locomotor recovery after SCI in Wt mice. These data suggest that PGD2 generated via HPGDS has detrimental effects after SCI and that blocking the activity of this enzyme can be beneficial. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The ultrastructure of perisynaptic glia in the nucleus tractus solitarii of the adult rat: Comparison between single synapses and multisynaptic arrangements
Authors: Chounlamountry Keodavanh , Kessler Jean‐Pierre
Published: February 2011

Astrocytes are now considered as essential partners of neurons. In particular, they play important roles in glutamatergic transmission, including transmitter inactivation by uptake. Here, we investigated the organization of astroglia in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarii (NTS), a sensory nucleus located in the caudal medulla. Special attention was given to perisynaptic astroglial processes. Investigations were performed at the light and electron microscope levels, using immunodetection of glial glutamate transporters, stereological methods, and serial reconstruction. In the NTS, the main glutamate transporter expressed by astrocytes was GLT1. The volume fraction of astrocyte processes and the density of astrocyte membranes reached 15% and 2.8 μm2 μm−3, respectively. In spite of the relative abundance of astrocyte processes, we found that NTS glutamatergic synapses were not entirely surrounded by glia. Measurements were performed on 43 reconstructed asymmetric junctions which were either single synapses (n = 22) or synapses involved in multisynaptic arrangements (n = 21). Single synapses had 58% of their perimeter contacted by astrocyte processes on average. In multisynaptic arrangement, glial coverage was restricted to the outer part of synaptic diameters and amounted to 50% of this outer part on average. Incomplete glial coverage of NTS synapses may allow glutamate to diffuse out of the synaptic cleft and to activate extrasynaptic receptors as well as receptors from neighboring synapses. Especially, in multisynaptic arrangements, the lack of intervening glia may favor functional coupling between individual contacts. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acetylacetonat‐Derivate von zwei‐ und dreiwertigem Titan
Authors: Salzmann J.‐J.
Published: February 2011

The structure of the dimeric bis(acetylacetonate)‐chlorotitanium has been more fully characterized.

Acetylacetonate‐dichlorotitanium and bis(acetylacetonate)‐titanium have been prepared for the first time and their structure has been investigated by means of i.r., u. v., and visible spectra, and magnetic susceptibility measurements.
Selektive acidolytische spaltung von aralkyloxycarbonyl‐aminoschutzgruppen
Authors: Sieber P. , Iselin B.
Published: February 2011

The acidolytic cleavage of a series of new N‐aralkyloxycarbonyl protecting groups has been found to proceed as a first‐order reaction, the rate of cleavage being dependent on the stability of the corresponding aralkyl carbonium ions. Some of the groups are cleaved at much the same rate as the N‐trityl residue and up to 60000 times faster than the t‐butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) group. The rate is also strongly influenced by the acidity of the reaction media. The relative rates at which aralkyloxycarbonyl and Boc groups are split off can be largely controlled by appropriate selection of the reaction conditions.

The implications of these findings for peptide syntheses are discussed and the use of the 2‐(p‐diphenyl)‐isopropyloxycarbonyl residue as an especially suitable N‐protecting group is proposed.
Peptidsynthesen unter verwendung der 2‐(p‐diphenyl)‐isopropyl‐oxycarbonyl (dpoc)‐aminoschutzgruppe
Authors: Sieber P. , Iselin B.
Published: February 2011

The 2‐(p‐diphenyl)‐isopropyloxycarbonyl (Dpoc) residue has been chosen for the selective protection of α‐amino groups in the synthesis of peptides containing additional acid‐labile protecting residues. It is easily introduced into amino‐acids by reacting either the mixed carbonate I or the azide III with esters or salts of amino‐acids. It is split by dilute acetic acid and other weakly acidic reagents at rates which permit a selective cleavage in the presence of other acid‐labile protecting groups, especially those derived from t‐butanol

A number of peptide syntheses have been carried out with the new group either in the conventional manner or by the solid‐phase method. No effects due to steric hindrance, as observed previously with the N‐trityl residue, are encountered. The application of the Nα‐Dpoc group to solid‐phase peptide synthesis permits the use of a new combination of protecting groups in which the side chains of trifunctional amino‐acids are blocked by acid‐labile residues that can be easily split in the final step of the synthesis.
Die synthese von bis‐(p‐methoxyphenyl)‐ und bis‐(p‐nitrophenyl)‐keten und deren verhalten gegenüber sauerstoff und nucleophilen reagenzien
Authors: Droescher H. , Jenny E. F.
Published: February 2011

The synthesis of bis‐(p‐methoxyphenyl)‐ketene (IX) and of bis‐(p‐nitrophenyl)‐ketene (VI) from the corresponding aril‐monohydrazones is described. Whereas IX could be isolated in pure crystalline form, VI had to be prepared as a solution. Addition of methanol to diphenylketene (III) proceeds 1.6 times faster than to dianisylketene (IX). Bis‐(p‐nitrophenyl)‐ketene (VI) is considerably more reactive towards water than either III or IX; a quantitative determination of its relative reactivity was not possible. Dianisylketene reacts approximately 15 times faster with molecular oxygen and yields 4 times more of the corresponding diarylketone and carbon dioxide than do the ketenes III and VI. It is shown with 18O2 that molecular oxygen is indeed involved in the oxidation of dianisylketene to dimethoxybenzophenone and carbon dioxide.
Konstitution der Dihydropalustraminsäure und Bemerkungen zur Struktur des Palustrins
Authors: Mitteilung Vorläufige , Mayer C. , Trueb W. , Wilson J. , Eugster C.H.
Published: February 2011

Durch Hofmann'schen Abbau, Hydrierung und Hydrolyse wurde aus dem Alkaloid Dihydropalustrin die Dihydropalustraminsäure. C10H19NO3. rein hergestellt. Sie hat die Konstitution einer [6‐(α‐Hydroxypropyl)‐piperidyl‐(2)]‐essigsäure.

Auf Grund dieser Ergebnisse wird eine modifizierte Konstitutionsformel für das Ausgangsalkaloid Palustrin (toxisches Hauptalkaloid von Equisttum palustre L.) vorgeschlagen.
Recherches dans la série des cyclitols XXXVII Etude par spectrométrie de masse
Authors: Buchs A. , Charollais E. , Posternak TH.
Published: February 2011

Low resolution mass spectra of cyclohexane‐triols, ‐tetrols, ‐pentols and ‐hexols and of some of their deuterium labelled derivatives have been measured. The results indicate that for some geometrical isomers quantitative differences between ion intensities are significant, allowing to deduce the stereochemistry of the molecule from its mass spectrum. In all these compounds the electron impact induced elimination of water occurs mainly by interaction between OH groups. There is a correlation between the relative abundance of (M – H2O)+ and (M −2 H2O)+ ions and the number of axial hydroxyls in the more stable conformation of the molecule. Difficulties encountered in deducing fragmentation patterns, and determination of number and position of deuterium atoms in the molecule of ms‐inositol are discussed.
Glaskapillaren für die Gas‐chromatographie. Verbesserte Erzeugung und Prüfung stabiler Trennflüssigkeitsfilme
Authors: Grob K.
Published: February 2011

The role of wall coated capillaries in gas chromatography is discussed with emphasis on glass capillaries. Since theoretical knowledge concerning the spreading of liquids on the glass surface is still very insufficient, empirical rules for producing coherent liquid films are proposed. Improvements for the carbonization procedure are reported. Since carbonized glass is suited for a restricted range of moderately polar liquids only, three new modifications of the glass surface opening a broader choice of wettability characteristics are described: (1) Bonding of various organic substituents to the silica frame work. (2) Polymerization and cross linking of butadiene on the glass surface, eventually with engrafted polar groups. (3) Polymerization of trifluorchlorethylene on the glass surface.