bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL TERMOKIMIA DENGAN PENDEKATAN INKUIRI TERPADU PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN LOGIKA SISWA
Authors: Wibowo Teguh
Published: January 2019

AbstrakBeredarnya bahan ajar kimia yang kurang mampu memberikan makna dalamproses pembelajaran, mengakibatkan siswa semakin jenuh dan bosan mempelajarimateri yang ada di dalam bahan ajar. Sementara itu pembelajaran sekarangmenitikberatkan pada kegiatan siswa, sedangkan guru diposisikan sebagaifasilitator. Pembelajaran ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keikutsertaan danmenimbulkan rasa keingintahuan dalam belajar, memperbaiki pengertian dan polapikir, serta membantu siswa untuk mengembangkan logika. Penelitian inimerupakan penelitian pengembangan yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan modulkimia yang baik pada materi termokimia. Hasil penelitian pengembangan modul inimenunjukkan bahwa (1) Terdapat perbedaan logika siswa pada kelas eksperimendan kelas kontrol, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan rata-rata nilai evaluasi termokimiakelas eksperimen sebesar 73,08 dan kelas kontrol sebesar 64,56 dan dengansignifikansi 0,000 (< 0,05). (2) Modul kimia berpendekatan Inkuiri yangdikembangkan efektif untuk membantu penerapan nilai pendidikan karakter. Halini ditunjukkan dengan adanya peningkatan sikap siswa di setiap pertemuannyapada kelas eksperimen.Kata kunci: Modul termokimia, inkuiri terpadu, karakter, logikaAbstractCirculation of chemistry teaching materials that are less able to provide meaning inthe learning process, resulting in more saturated and bored students learn thematerial that is in teaching materials. While the current study focused on theactivities of students, while the teacher is positioned as a facilitator. Learning isexpected to increase participation and generate curiosity in learning, improveunderstanding and mindset, as well as helping students to develop logic. This researchis a development that aims to produce a good chemistry module on thermochemicalmaterial .. The results show that the development of this module (1) There aredifferences in the logic students in the experimental class and control class, as shownby the average value of the evaluation of thermochemical class experiment at 73.08and 64.56 for the control class and the significance of 0.000 (<0.05). (2) ModuleInquiry berpendekatan chemistry developed to help implement effective charactereducation values. This is indicated by an increase in students' attitudes at everymeeting in the experimental class.Keywords: Thermochemical modules, integrated inquiry, character, logic
Microbiological diagnosis of infections caused by Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Rokosz-Chudziak Natalia , Rastawicki Waldemar , Śmietańska Karolina
Published: January 2019

Listeria monocytogenes are Gram-positive, relatively anaerobic bacteria, widely distributed in the natural environment (soil, water, sewage, plants and vegetables, food products), causing a disease called listeriosis in humans. Listeriosis is manifested most often in the form of bacteremia, meningitis and encephalitis, perinatal infections as well as gastroenteritis. Currently, it is perceived as a contemporary threat to human life and health. This review discusses the microbiology diagnosis of infections caused by Listeria monocytogenes in humans.
Thermal properties of local Sardinian masonry and insulation materials: experimental assessment on full-scale models
Authors: Pilla Lorenza Di , Giuseppe Desogus , Galatioto Alessandra , Ricciu Roberto
Published: January 2019

The demand on reducing energy consumption of buildings, recently became tighter and tighter, as well as the need of shortening the building materials’ supply chain. It is generating a growing attention to natural and local construction materials and opening new and interesting research scenarios. The use of novel materials makes necessary reaching a deeper and appropriate understanding of their thermal performances by means of an accurate thermal characterization. The present research has been addressed at testing and verifying the thermal performance of Sardinian local masonry materials (hollow clay blocks and adobe bricks) and three different natural insulations: cork, sheep-wool and reeds. By the use of a dedicated hot box apparatus, working on full-scale wall models, the thermal resistance of eight different samples has been measured and then compared with the theoretical values calculated according to current standards. The results show that the measured values are by far higher than the calculated ones and that the use of local natural materials, if not accompanied by a rigorous standardization of production and installation procedures, can lead to overestimate their thermal performances.
Development of Stirling Pump mechanism for Irrigation in remote rural farms
Authors: Mohammed Wazed Saeed , Hughes Ben , O’Connor Dominic , Calautit John Kaiser
Published: January 2019

Inadequate supply of safe water, the requirement of food exports, Low GDP creates a scenario where 26% of the population in the Sub-Saharan Africa suffer from food insecurity. Cultivation of food locally is necessary to drive the cost of food down. This can be done using the abundant groundwater source in the region, however, the energy cost of harvesting the water supply is very high and hence not presently utilised. While solar PV technology is readily available, PV solutions are much too expensive for small scale rural farmers. This research aims at developing a solar thermal powered Stirling pump that can be produced locally, using local resources to reduce irrigation costs and provide income, food and energy security in the region, by promoting independent farming through small-scale farms. In order to develop the Stirling pump, a Low Temperature Differential (LTD) Stirling engine has been modelled in 3D, simulated and investigated with the help of Computational Fluid Dynamics with ANSYS 16.1 software. The Analysis is aimed at obtaining a true representation of the pressure, temperature and compression ratio that dictate the functioning of a Gamma type Stirling engine. This model developed can then be modified and improved upon to further boost the performance of the Stirling Engine to be integrated with a water pumping system to extract ground water for irrigation purposes.
Regularly calibrating an energy monitoring system ensures accuracy
Authors: Swart Arthur J , Hertzog Pierre E
Published: January 2019

Energy monitoring systems are being reported on more and more as consumers wish to determine the amount of energy produced and used by various renewable energy systems. Added to this is improving the overall systems’ efficiency and identifying any potential concerns. The purpose of the paper is to show the importance of correctly calibrating such energy monitoring systems on a regular basis, in order to validate any future measurements as being reliable. In this study, three 10 W PV modules are used with their own respective LED loads to extract the maximum possible amount of electrical energy during the day. No storage systems are used due to their limited life-cycle and variability. An Arduino microcontroller is used as the data logging interface between the PV systems and a PC running Lab VIEW software, which acts as the visual interface and recording system. Calibration is done in Lab VIEW to account for system losses. Results indicate that three identical PV systems can be calibrated to produce the same results, with variability of less than 1%. Higher variabilities point to inconsistencies in the PV modules, even if they originate from the same manufacturer. A key recommendation is to perform an annual calibration of the monitoring system, which primarily accounts for PV module degradation.
Perspective on pricing district heating pricing in Sustainable energy systems
Authors: Ödlund Louise , Svensson Viktor , Widengren Anna
Published: January 2019

District heating systems play an important role for increased system efficiency and reduced climate impact. However, the heat market is changing in many ways. Some example of that is that current climate change reduces the heat demand for the buildings, more energy efficient houses are being built, and the competition from other heating actors escalates. Increased knowledge and cooperation with customers is therefore crucial for the district heating industry. Today, several real estate companies are considering replacing installed district heating and instead investing in their own heat pump solutions, which means that the energy utilities are facing reduced demand of heat. In this perspective, it is important to open up for increased cooperation between different energy sources. No energy source alone can fulfil a regions total demand of heat. Increase cooperation between different sectors, and a systems perspective with regard to the region's total energy demand, is therefore crucial to alter the use of energy towards more sustainability. Attractive price models that encourage energy efficiency and lead to reduce system cost must be developed embracing broth users and suppliers for the whole energy system.

The aim of this study is to show what measure for energy supplier and energy users that leads to both reduced climate impact as well as reduced system cost for the whole energy system. The study analyses price models for district heating and future heat demand in a region. A system perspective is applied using a back-casting angel with a desirable sustainable vision.
The solutions to reduce emissions from marine engines
Authors: Nguyen Thach
Published: January 2019

NOx IMO Regulation 13 of Annex VI to MARPOL 73/78 has been become effective as from January 1st, 2000 in the world. This has been promoting quickly development of technologies for reduced NOx emissions from marine engines. This paper represents new technologies are available and will be prepared further in order to reduce NOx emissions, and other solutions for exploitation of marine engines, and also some researched results of this field thanks to domestic technology.
Increment thrust of fish robot by using Compressed Unimorth Piezoelectric Composite Actuator
Authors: Nguyen Quang Sang
Published: January 2019

In this work, we have presented a fish robot actuated by four compressed light-weight piezo-composite actuators. Swimming speed, thrust, and drag of the fish robot were experimentally examined to verify effect of the applied compressive force on force actuation, consequently on swimming speed of fish robot. The swimming speed of the fish robot was measured for four different tail fin areas. The drag of the fish robot was estimated by experiment and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. For drag measurement, we have presented an apparatus to measure relatively small drag by using a high speed camera. The measured drag agreed well with the calculated one by the CFD. We have also suggested a thrust measurement apparatus, where we can ignore effect of vibratory motion of the system. The thrust of the fish robot was increased about 11% due to the applied compressive force on the piezoceramic actuators. However, the drag of the fish robot was also increased due to increment of the cross section area.
Design of a navigation system for RC model aircraft based on the integration of GPS and INS
Authors: Phan Bao Chau , Ngo Khanh Hieu , Nguyen Vinh Hao
Published: January 2019

Navigation is a field of study that focuses on the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another. Among the means of transport in road, waterway and airway, the maritime industry and the aviation are two industries which require the high accuracy navigation systems. Nowadays, with the development of technology, especially the support of satellite, the determination of the position is not too difficult. This paper presents the integration of GPS and INS to build a navigation system for RC aircraft. First, the mechanization INS is built to process data from the equipment. Then, the Kalman Filter is used to estimate the unknown parameters which are referred to as system state vector. Last, the algorithm is applied to analyze the data collected from the flight test with aircraft model.
Optimizing repair interval of vehicles at a given level of reliability parameters
Authors: Vo Trong Cang
Published: January 2019

The maintenance system should be built taking into account the specific exploiting conditions, that is, to take into account not only the running distance between repairs, but the volume of the planned maintenance was made (both preventive and corrective) and their intervals. The paper presents principles and algorithms to optimize the meantime between repairs for the components of vehicles at a given level of reliability parameters. This algorithm can be applied to the worn parts of vehicles through the attrition survey in the specific exploiting conditions and calculating the reliability indices respectively.
Numerical approach to dimple fracture under very short pulse loading
Authors: Tran Huu Nhan
Published: January 2019

Dimple fracture of aluminum alloy 7075-T651 subjected to various stress intensity pulses with durations of 20, 40 and 80 μs is investigated by discrete dislocation dynamics and the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman constitutive model (GTN-model). A dominant void ahead of macro crack tip is modeled by a micro crack. The evolution of principal stress component along the inner ligament is computed by the sum of the crack tip stress field and the interaction stress field of dislocations emitted from both the micro crack and macro crack. The yielding flow of GTN-model is used to estimate void volume fraction, which is used for a fracture initiation criterion. The numerical results of the dimple fracture are obtained in a reasonable agreement with the experimental ones.
A Study on a mechanical continuously variable injection timing system for improvement of agricultural small diesel DI engine
Authors: Huynh Thanh Cong
Published: January 2019

This paper presents the development of a MCVIT (mechanical continuous variable injection timing) system for evaluating effects of injection timing – one of the efficiently experimental methods for improving diesel engine performance and emission characteristics to match modern emission regulations and bio-fuels. A MCVIT system has been designed and built with the ability to adjust freely and directly the injection timing for a wide range from 0 to 40°CA BTDC (before top dead center) while keeping the same injection pressure rate. Some experiments have been done to verify its significant specifications such as friction torque – speed curve, accuracy and stability. The results show that the maximum friction torque of this system is around 2.6N.m over range of engine speed and its maximum deviation is ±1.0°CA over a large range of testing injection timing. Preliminary study on VIKYNO RV215-2 agricultural small diesel DI engine has also proved that the engine performance and emission characteristics are directly influenced by injection timing. Thus the developed MCVIT system is an efficient and low cost tool for R&D activities in small diesel engines.
A Study on the Effects of Duration of Injection on Emissions and Combustion Characteristics in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine
Authors: Nguyen Em Van Tong , Nguyen Khai Le Duy
Published: January 2019

This paper present a study of the effects of duration of injection on emissions and combustion characteristics in a direct injection diesel engine using CFD code KIVA-3V. In this study, duration of injection was also changed from 6o to 12o CA while the injection timing is constant to evaluate the effect on DI Diesel engine performance, indicated specific fuel consumption and particulates and oxides of nitrogen emission. The obtained results indicate that the capacity of the engine reaches its maximum value and NOx and soot emissions is decreased when the duration of injection is in the range of 6o to 9o CA.
Small Solar Vehicles Served in The Entertainment Parks in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Huu Huong , Nguyen Khai Le Duy , Nguyen Trong Tri
Published: January 2019

This paper presents research results of one-seat three-wheel vehicles using a solar power served in entertainment parks in Vietnam. The model operates from DC power source using battery charged from 55Wp solar panel with solar charge controller. The vehicle equipped with dry battery 12V-12Ah capacity, 250W power, lightweight chassis structure has been fabricated and tested with good results. This simple model can be applied and perfected for mass production in the future of our country.
Kepuasan, Motivasi, Keterlibatan Kerja Terhadap Komitmen Organisasi Pada Karyawan Kampus Bangau Unika Musi Charitas
Authors: Sulistyawati Maria Fransiska Sri , Sri Dewi , Andayani Sri
Published: January 2019

The research carried out tried to examine and analyze the Effect of Job Satisfaction, Motivation, Work Involvement On Organizational Commitment In Bangau Campus Employees at Unika Musi Charitas Palembang. Research respondents were employees as educators, namely lecturers without additional assignments and lecturers with additional (structural) assignments and employees as educational support staff at the Faculty of Science and Technology, Faculty of Business and Accounting at Catholic University Musi Charitas in Palembang. The results of the Discussion of Job Satisfaction, Motivation, Work Involvement Analysis Influence Against Organizational Commitment In Bangau Campus Employees At Catholic University Musi Charitas Palembang. Analysis techniques using quantitative and qualitative analysis. The Research Method is a case study. Sampling Technique is a convinience.. The results of the study are expected to be useful for improving job satisfaction, motivation, work involvement, which has an impact organizational commitment In Bangau Campus Employee. As input for various policies needed for the progress and continuity of organizational life. For further research, this research is used as information material for research to be carried out in the future by combining other variables outside the variables that have been studied.
Evolving Cryptographic Approach for Enhancing Security of Resource Constrained Mobile Device Outsourced Data in Cloud Computing
Authors: Kaviya K , Shanthini K. K. , Sujithra M.
Published: January 2019

Mobile cloud computing in the increasing popularity among users of mobile device enables to store their data in cloud. Security is the major concern when the sensitive information is stored and transferred across the internet. It is essential to make sure that the data is secured and protected. In this paper, we discussed the problem of privacy of data with reducing the resources usage. Moreover, mobile cloud computing has limitations in resources such as power energy, processor, Memory and storage. Cryptography ensures the confidentiality, authentication, availability, and integrity of the data. This is done through cryptographic algorithms such as Data Encryption Standard (DES), Blowfish and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The experimental results evaluated and compared the performance of the encryption algorithms. The performance metrics used are encryption and decryption time, CPU and Memory utilization. Evaluation results showed a significant improvement in reducing the resources, amongst all the techniques, choosing a suitable encryption algorithm based on different parameters that are best fit to the future user requirements is considered.
Modelling the Number of Cases of Dengue Hemorragic Fever with Mixed Geographically Negative Binomial Regression in West Java Province
Authors: R Zulfanita Dien , Saefuddin Asep , Djuraidah Anik
Published: January 2019

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus of the genus Flavivirus, which is transmitted by the bite of the Aedes Aegypti. Different regional demographics cause the number of DHF cases to differ in each region following by environmental conditions in the area. The model applied is GWNBR (Geographically Weigthed Negative Binomial Regression) due to count data outcome affected by geographical effect. In some instances not all in the GWNBR model have spatial effects, sometimes the estimate parameter are constant, so the GWNBR model can be developed using a mixed model to become MGWNBR. Determination of global and local parameters using the confidence interval. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the number of dengue cases in West Java Province in 2015 using the MGWNBR approach. Based on the comparison of AIC values, the MGWNBR model has a smaller AIC value compared to the negative binomial regression model. The variables that significant globally are population density (X1) and health worker (X2)The variables that significant locally are number of health facilities (X3) PHBS (X4) and healthy homes (X5)
Day lighting in Healing Spaces
Authors: Mary J Serene
Published: January 2019

The intent of this research is to explore how architecture can enlighten healing or provide spaces where healing can take place. The healing environments, make wellness centres less stressful and promote faster healing for patients and improve well-being for their families, as well as creating a pleasant, comfortable and safe work environment. Light impacts human health and performance by enabling performance of visual tasks, controlling the body’s circadian system, affecting mood and perception, and by enabling critical chemical reactions in the body. Natural light should be incorporated into lighting design in healthcare settings, not only because it is beneficial to patients and staff, but also because it is light delivered to people at no cost and in a form that most people prefer. Study involves comparing healthcare settings in warm and humid climatic zones and how day lighting plays an important role in healing. Appropriate day lighting thus impacts outcomes in healthcare settings by reducing depression among patients, decreasing length of stay in hospitals, improving sleep and circadian rhythm, lessening agitation among patients, easing pain, and improving adjustment to night-shift work among staff. The appropriate positioning and optimisation of windows/ openings in the workplace and access to daylight have been linked with increased satisfaction with the surrounding environment.
Transformation of Built form Characteristics in Agraharams
Authors: Mary J Serene
Published: January 2019

The culture and architecture are two interlinked concepts that help man to evoke uniqueness as an individual and a social being. A person’s or a community’s identity in a particular setting can be expressed through architecture. It is promising to create spaces with differences in spatial organization, street pattern, landscaping features, etc., according to the lifestyles, beliefs, rituals and customs of the inhabitants which finally becomes the identity of that particular place. But what happens to the identity of a place when all the inhabitants are migrants who left their homeland for better education or job opportunities and settled in a location where all social -cultural aspects are poles apart from theirs? This paper explores how the Architecture evokes the identity of the migrant communities in Kalpathy, Palakkad district, Kerala, without affecting the indigenous style of the location and the character of the total setting. This synthesis and metamorphosis of various religions and traditional practices has also been phenomenal in shaping our cities. Over the ages, many of these communities have been successful in maintaining uniformity in their social and Architectural fabric. This paper is intended towards highlighting the above mentioned aspects and how a unique culture gave rise to a new form of settlements known as Agraharams. Today, Agraharams are an epitome of how migrations driven by religious reasons, can shape the society as well as the built fabric of any city.
Influence of Education towards Achieving Sustainable Economic Growth and Development in Nigeria : Considerations, Challenges and the Way Forward
Authors: Hussaini Usman Mallam
Published: January 2019

Education is one of the essential leading factors influencing the sustainable economic growth and development programs in first class countries, this is because they give it the needed priority and required attention. No country is said to be ready for economic growth, progress, development and sustainability without focusing on substantial investment in human capital. Economy of Nigeria will surely become more productive if the proportion of educated citizens increases and most importantly if government is ready to offer them proper attention. Essentially, government should be aware that education sector needs to be standardized and education at all levels must be accessible and affordable by all individual citizens regardless of their socio-economic status. Considerably, government should be aware that economic growth and development will be achieved through education (technical and vocational skills) based on standardized and acceptable social, economic and environmental dimensions. All the stakeholders in Nigeria must actively play their roles towards achieving this purpose. Although, there is need for government’s practical determination, accountability, transparency, equitability and integrity as well as discipline towards proper monitoring of resources and the budget allocated for the education sector.
Land Equation Value of Secondary Plant Polyculture System in High Land and Low Land Farmers
Authors: Sabang Yusmiati , Agus Nurariaty , Bulkis Sitti , Arsyad Muhammad
Published: January 2019

Cropping pattern systems can affect the level of productivity of land, land use by applying the right cropping system is not only able to increase production but can improve the efficiency of use of space and time. The polyculture (intercropping) system of secondary crops is a potential model to be developed. The needs of secondary crops such as corn and soybeans in Indonesia have increased from year to year, but their production has not been able to meet market demand. This is due to reduced agricultural land for cultivation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency of land use of polyculture systems of secondary crops carried out by highland and lowland farmers. This research was carried out on farmland which carried out the cropping pattern of the polyculture system of secondary crops which was 60 days old. Quantitative descriptive research method through surveys using questionnaires. The results showed that the highest value of land equality (NKL) occurred in corn-peanuts. The soil was 5.7 and the lowest was polyculture systems of green beans (1.5). This study suggests that farmers in both regions, a highland and lowland farmers, are given socialization and training on maximum land use so that they can increase knowledge and increase farmer household income.
Exam Phobia in Government High School Students, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Podila Sankara Pitchaiah , Thottempudi Anjani
Published: January 2019

Phobias are common in human life. Some of the most common phobias are exam phobia in students, acrophobia (fear of heights), achluophobia (fear of darkness), hemophobia (fear of blood), fear of journey etc. The present study was carried out to know the extent of the exam phobia among 8th to 10th studying students in rural and urban schools. The response was taken from 3399 students (8th:1175, 9th:1095, 10th:1129). The study found that the phobia was more in 10th class students compared to 8th and 9th classes. Homeopathy, Exposure based therapy, Cognitive therapy and Relaxation techniques are some of the useful treatment methods. The authors suggested to follow the given exam preparation tips to reduce exam phobia.
Heat Transfer Analysis of 70 kW Gray Cast Iron Alloy Engine Head
Authors: Win Su Yin , Oo Lwin Lwin
Published: January 2019

Engine head is one of the most complicated parts of internal combustion engine. It is directly exposed to high combustion pressure and temperature. In this paper, engine head heat transfer rate for 70.4 kW diesel engine. The design engine head is made of gray cast iron alloy. The original engine head is made of aluminums alloy. The cast iron engine head can get over heat temperature because the thermal conductivity of cast iron is not as good as aluminium. So that it is necessary of increasing the cooling efficiency. In the engine heat transfer calculation, the heat fluxes from the engine head are calculated with vary engine speeds and water velocity and heat transfer analysis is required for the engine metal changing process.
简论提高高校英语教师教学能力的策略
Authors: 丁 翠萍
Published: January 2019

随着经济全球化的发展,社会对高校学生的英语水平提出了更高要求,因此,培养高校英语教师教学能力有其必要性。一方面培养教师的教学能力对提高教学质量有着重要影响,另一方面培养教师的教学能力对师资队伍建设具有极其重要的意义。影响高校英语教师教学能力的因素有多方面,其中有内在因素也有外在因素。基于此,本文就提高高校英语教师各方面的教学能力提出了一些建议。
SAF file: It's really three dimensional file
Authors: Mehdi Prof. Dr. Jamal Aziz
Published: January 2019

The biological objectives of root canal treatment have not changed over the recentdecades, but the methods to attain these goals have been greatly modified. Theintroduction of NiTi rotary files represents a major leap in the development ofendodontic instruments, with a wide variety of sophisticated instruments presentlyavailable (1, 2).Whatever their modification or improvement, all of these instruments have onething in common: they consist of a metal core with some type of rotating blade thatmachines the canal with a circular motion using flutes to carry the dentin chips anddebris coronally. Consequently, all rotary NiTi files will machine the root canal to acylindrical bore with a circular cross-section if the clinician applies them in a strictboring manner
The effect ofWi-Fi signals on the measurement accuracy of electronic apex locator during root canal therapy
Authors: Hussein Dr. Hashim M. , Saeed. Dr. Nooruldeen A. , Kudhair Dr. Mantadher S.
Published: January 2019

Background: The using of devices that emitted electromagnetic radiation has beenlimited in many healthcare centers to prevent interference with medical devices.The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of Wi-Fi Router(Tenda FH456) on working length determination using electronic apex locator(NSK-iPex II) in the presence of network connection with tablet (GT-N800) ornot.Materials and methods: Twenty-five intact teeth with a single root were sectioned atthe cementoenamel junction. Visually, roots were examined understereomicroscope (X20) and the working length was determined using a size 15K-file. The effect of Tenda Wi-Fi router on accuracy of electronic working lengthmeasurement of electronic apex locator (iPex II) was determined in this study inclosed room under 5 conditions (without router and tablet, with router in differentdistances 1 meter and 3 meters from electronic apex locator, with router andconnected with tablet in different distances 1 meter and 3 meters from electronicapex locator). The electronic working length was measured 3 times per canalunder each condition. The data were compared using analysis of variance.Results: The mean of working length measured under microscope was (13.30), andthe mean of working length by electronic apex locator was (13.14) while the meanvalues of working length in different conditions was fixed (13.12). Analysis ofvariance test (ANOVA) showed non-significant difference among working lengthmeasurements in different conditions (P-value ≥ 0.05).Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, stability and reliability ofiPex II apex locator in measurement of electronic working length where notinfluenced when placed in (1M, 3M) from Wi-Fi router and active Tablet(connected to network by Wi-Fi and streaming online videos). During root canaltherapy, active Tablet can be used in the dental operatory without the fear ofcausing electromagnetic interference in electronic working length determination.
Comparison of apically extruded debris of different nickel titanium instruments
Authors: Bakr Dr. Diyar Kh.
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and objective: During root canal instrumentation irrigants, necroticpulp tissue, microorganism and dentin debris may be extruded beyond the apexinto the periradicular tissue. These extrusions may cause flare-up. The purpose ofthis study was to compare the amount of apically extruded debris with three rotaryNickel titanium instruments.Methods: Sixty single rooted, single canalled premolars were selected. The rootswere divided randomly into three groups; (n = 10) according to the type ofinstrumentation system used, group 1“ProTaper Next” system, group 2 “OneShape” system and group 3 “Mani Silk” system. The Debris extruded during theinstrumentation was collected and dried in preweighed vials and the amount ofextruded debris was assessed with an electronic balance.Result: results showed that the Mani silk system extruded significantly less debristhan the ProTaper Next and One shape systems (P < .05), and there is nosignificant difference in apically extruded debris between ProTaper Next groupand One Shape group but the One Shape produced more debris than ProTaperNext.Conclusion: the Mani silk file instrument was behaved well during instrumentationand extruded less debris than the other groups.
Comparative evaluation of compressive strength of esthetic restorative materials
Authors: Saleem Dr. Sazan Sherdil
Published: January 2019

The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare the compressive strength ofconventional glass ionomer cement with resin modified glass ionomer, compomer andmicrohybrid composite. A total of 40 specimens of esthetic restorative materials werefabricated using customized cylindrical teflon mould measuring 6mm height and 4mmdiameter and were grouped with ten specimens in each group, Group I: Conventionalglass ionomer cement (Fuji II). Group II: Resin modified glass ionomer (Fuji II LC).Group III: Compomer (Dyract AP) and Group IV: Microhybrid composite resin(Tetric Ceram).They were covered with Mylar strip and were cured using LED lightcuring unit. Compressive strength was evaluated using Universal testing machine. Theresult showed that there were a significant difference among the groups in whichTetric Ceram showed highest compressive strength and Fuji II showed the leastcompressive strength
Prevalence of dental anxiety in relation to sociodemographic factors using two psychometric scales in Baghdad
Authors: Saeed Dr. Nooruldeen A. , Hussein Dr. Hashim M. , Mahmood Dr. Athraa A.
Published: January 2019

Background: In spite of advances in dentistry, anxiety about dental treatment and thefear of pain remains public health problem and is a significant impediment todental treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of dentalanxiety in patients who referred to Al-Mustansiriyah dental clinics and Al-ShiekhOmar specialized dental center in Baghdad and their relation to their gender, age,educational level.Materials and methods: The study was done on (800) patients, aged (20-59) years inBaghdad. The survey form was prepared and translated from English to Arabiclanguages by certified translator and were filled by patients themselves withoutany help from dentists. Patients with mental retarded, those who not havingcompleted the survey form and those below 20 years and above 59 years wereexcluded. The survey was divided into 3 parts (socio-demographic information,Modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS) and Dental fear survey (DFS).Results: The present study showed that females had higher anxiety (13.57, 47.38)than males (8.98, 37.75) for Modified dental anxiety scale and Dental fear surveyrespectively. The anxiety decreased with advance of age (12.31, 11.41, 10.89,10.45 for Modified dental anxiety scale and 43.10, 41.22, 38.69, 37.93 for Dentalfear survey) in groups (1,2,3,4) respectively. The anxiety decreased with advanceof teaching, so the uneducated patients had higher mean of anxiety (14.45, 48.59)while the postgraduate patients had lower anxiety (9.10, 36.30) for Modifieddental anxiety scale and Dental fear survey respectively than others. There washigh significant difference between males and females at P-value (≤ 0.01) for bothModified dental anxiety scale and Dental fear survey scales.Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test showed high significant difference among agegroups and among education level groups at P-value (≤ 0.01) for both Modifieddental anxiety scale and Dental fear survey scales. The higher percentage ofanxiety scales was appeared in minimal anxiety score in males (56%, 48%) inModified dental anxiety scale and Dental fear survey respectively, while lessorpercentage was appeared in very high anxiety score in males (5.1%, 5.5%) inModified dental anxiety scale and Dental fear survey respectively. Pearson'scorrelation coefficient (R) showed that there was a positive relationship betweengender and anxiety scales, with statistically high significant at P-value (≤ 0.01).While, there was inverse relationship between age and anxiety scales, and between education and anxiety scales with statistically high significant at P-value (≤ 0.01)for both relations.Conclusion: The females had higher rate of anxiety than males. The anxietydecreased with advance of age and education level of patients. There was a strong(positive) relationship between gender and anxiety. While, there was inverse(negative) relationship between anxiety with age and education.
The effects of mode of delivery on Mutans Streptococci colonization and dental caries in a sample of Iraqi children aged 3-5 years from Baghdad city
Authors: Shaker Dr. Nebal Thabit
Published: January 2019

Aim: To investigate whether mode of delivery is associated with mutans streptococci(MS) colonization and dental caries in pre school children.Methods: This study includes 64 pairs of mothers and their children aged 3- 5 yearsold (34 born vaginally and 30 born by Caesarean section).Data included a dentalexamination, a questionnaire survey of mode of delivery, maternal gestationalage, as well as children's birth –weight, and laboratory assessment (by collectingnon stimulated saliva for each woman and child and homogenizing them thenMutans Streptococci (MS) were counted ,isolated, purified and diagnosedaccording to morphological characteristic .Results: Dental caries, salivary and plaque streptococcus mutans counts weresignificantly higher in children delivered by caesarean section mode than thosedelivered normally (P<0.05).There was a positive linear correlation between themean value of DMFS, salivary and plaque streptococcus mutans count of childrenand their mothers, and this association statistically significant (P<0.05). Gender,gestational age and birth weight had no significant correlations with the dmfs ofchildren (P>0.05).Conclusion: The mode of delivery is significantly correlated with MS colonizationand caries outcomes in pre-school children.
Management of Traumatized Permanent Maxillary Immature Incisor with Oblique Subgingival Crownroot Fracture
Authors: Khalaf Dr. Muna S. , Khalaf Dr. Bayan S. , Abass Dr. Shorouq M.
Published: January 2019

Background: Trauma to the anterior teeth is a common injury in young children. Themaxillary incisors being the most affected. Although root fractures are rare, theydo occur and were previously and often considered hopeless and were extracted.The time between the injury and the initiation of treatment, level of the fractureline, and stage of root development are some criteria to be considered whenchoosing a treatment approach for a complicated tooth fracture. This case reportdescribes the management of a traumatized immature maxillary central incisorwith Elise class IV fracture with vertical oblique subgingival fracture of the root.Materials and method: Apexification was carried out using biodentine followed byremoval of the fractured segment. A fiber post was cemented in the root canalwith resin cement. The coronal portion of the tooth was restored using anteriorlight cured composite material. The tooth was examined and evaluated after 1week and after 2 months by clinical examination and radiographical evaluation ofroot development.Results: The follow up evaluation revealed clinical and radiographical success.Radiographic view showed continued development in the apex of the root andshowed normal periodontal ligament space and dense lamina dura.Conclusion: Extraction should not be the first choice of treatment for extensivelydamaged young permanent teeth in the anterior region; instead, alternativetreatment modalities must be considered. The traumatized immature tooth wassaved and restored.
Selected salivary antioxidants and gingival health condition among a group of obese females aged 20-22 years in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Yaseen Dr. Huda A. , Hussein Dr. Baydaa Hussein
Published: January 2019

Background: Obesity and periodontal disease are diseases of multifactorial etiologyclosely related to dietary habits and sociodemographic background of theindividuals. The aim of this study was the assessment of selected salivaryantioxidants and gingival health condition among a group of obese females aged20-22 years in comparison with normal weight females.Materials and methods: The study group included 40 obese females, with an agerange 20-22 years old. The control group included 40 normal weight females ofthe same age. Body weight was assessed by using the Body Mass Index (BMI).Collection of unstimulated salivary samples was carried out under standardizedconditions. Plaque and gingival indices were used for recording the oral hygieneand gingivitis. Salivary flow rate was measured then salivary samples wereanalyzed to determine the concentration of salivary antioxidants (total protein anduric acid).Results: The data analysis of the present study found that the level of salivary totalprotein was lower among the obese females compared to the normal weightfemales with statistically highly significant difference (p<0.01), while salivaryuric acid was statistically highly significantly higher among the obese than thenormal weight females (p<0.01). Salivary analysis demonstrated that the salivaryflow rate was statistically highly significantly higher among the obese females(p<0.01).The mean values of plaque index and gingival index were lower among obesefemales compared to the normal weight females with statistically highlysignificant difference for plaque index (p<0.01).Conclusions: The result of this research revealed that salivary antioxidant (uric acid)and salivary flow rate were higher among obese females than normal weightfemales which may play a role in protection oral tissue from oral diseases inaddition to the oral cleanliness effect.
Oral health status in relation to nutritional status among kindergarten children aged (4-5) years old in Karbala city / Iraq
Authors: Hassan Dr. Dhuha M. , Hussien Dr. Baydaa Hussien
Published: January 2019

Back ground: Dental caries and periodontal disease were the most common andwidely spread diseases affecting children. The nutrition may be one of the factorsaffecting the severity of the oral diseases. The Aims of this study was theassessment of the following oral diseases (dental caries, gingivitis) in addition toassessment of oral hygiene among 4-5 years old children in Karbala city –Iraq.Furthermore, nutritional status was assessed in relation to oral diseases.Materials and methods: A sample of 658 children (350 males, 308 females) agedfour and five years old was selected randomly from the fourteenth kindergartensin Karbala city. Diagnosis and recording of dental caries was followed the criteriaof WHO 1987. Dental plaque was assessed using plaque index of Silness and Loe,1964. Gingival health condition was assessed using gingival index of Loe andSilness, 1963. The assessment of nutritional status was performed usinganthropometric measurement (height and weight) according to Body mass indexindicator with -2SD cutoff point.Results: Caries prevalence was found to be (83%) of the total sample the mean rankvalue of dmfs was higher among boys in comparison to girls with statistically nosignificant difference (P>0.05). The value of dmfs increased with age withstatistically highly significant difference (p<0.01).The mean rank values of dentalplaque and gingival indices for total boys were found to be higher than total girlswith statistically highly significant differences (P<0.01). Recording of this studydemonstrated that 100% of children had dental plaque and gingival inflammation.Positive highly significant correlations were recorded between dental caries withdental plaque and gingival indices. The prevalence of malnutrition described byBody mass index indicator was (3.2%). According to nutritional status indicatorBody mass index-for-age, it was found that the wasted children had higher valueof dmfs than well nourished children with statistically no significant differences(P>0.05). The plaque and gingival indices were higher among well nourishedchildren than among wasted children with statistically highly significantdifferences (P<0.01).The correlation coefficient between body mass index withdental caries, plaque index and gingival index were very weak and statistically notsignificant (p>0.05).Conclusions: High prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis was recorded indicatingthe need of public and preventive programs among kindergarten children.
Oral Health Status in Relation to Nutritional Status among 9 years old school Children in Dewanyiah City/Iraq
Authors: Al-Awadi Dr. Zahraa Ali , Hussien Dr. Baydaa Hussien
Published: January 2019

Background: Although they are not life threatening, dental caries and periodontaldisease are the most predominant and widely spread oral diseases throughout theworld. The aims of the study included the investigation of the prevalence andseverity of dental caries, gingivitis and dental plaque in relation to gender,furthermore, nutritional status was assessed in relation to oral health condition(dental caries).Materials and Methods: This oral health survey was conducted among primaryschool children aged 9 years old in Dewanyiah city in Iraq. The total samplecomposed of 600 child (320 males and 280 females) selected randomly fromdifferent school in Dewanyiah city. Diagnosis of dental caries was according tothe criteria described by WHO (1987). Plaque index of Silness and Loe (1964)was used for plaque assessment, gingival index of Loe and Silness (1963) wasfollowed for recording gingival health condition. Nutritional status was assessedaccording to body mass index (BMI) indicator using anthropometric measurement(height and weight).Results: Results showed that the prevalence of dental caries was 85% for 9 year-oldschool children. Regarding primary and permanent dentition, dental caries washigher among females compared to males with statistically significant difference(P<0.05) for primary dentition, on the other hand, males showed higher values offilled surfaces compared to females with statistically significant difference(P<0.05) for primary dentition and highly significant difference (P<0.01) forpermanent dentition. Finding of this study revealed that 100% of the children hadgingival inflammation. Furthermore, the values of plaque and gingival indiceswere higher among males compared to females with statistically highly significantdifferences (P<0.01). In current study, the prevalence of malnutrition described bythe BMI indicator was 5.3%. For total samples no significant difference wasrecorded in dmfs /DMFS values among wasting and well nourished children(P>0.05).Conclusion: A high prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis were recorded.Improvement in the prevention educational programs is needed among schoolchildren.