bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Acid Jetting of Smart Liner Completions - Learnings and the Way Ahead
Authors: Mogensen K.
Published: October 2023

Smart Liners rely on the limited-entry principle where a number of small holes act to distribute acid along the un-cemented reservoir section. Over the past two years, this technique has become a key method for matrix-acid stimulation of ADNOC's carbonate reservoirs. The objective of this paper is to summarize the learnings from more than 100 deployments and tie together the key elements of the hole spacing design, the stimulation job execution, and the performance monitoring.

A software algorithm generates the hole spacing design to honor a predefined acid flow distribution along the drain length. Quantification of the stimulation efficiency is addressed in several ways. First, the baseline well performance is established with production tests covering several months and in some cases accompanied by a pre-stimulation production logging test (PLT). The stimulation job is then analyzed to derive the transient injectivity improvement versus acid volume pumped. After the stimulation, the stabilized performance is analyzed in terms of production testing and occasionally a pressure buildup survey and a PLT.

Results have so far been very encouraging. Smart Liners have been deployed predominantly in oil producers and water injectors but a few implementations have targeted tight gas reservoirs. A typical steady-state productivity gain is 100-150% above the baseline unstimulated well and the technique consistently outperforms conventional matrix-acid stimulation techniques. The post-stimulation PLT's show that the entire wellbore contributes to flow, even in extended-reach wells. The majority of the efficiency improvement seems to occur with an acid coverage of 0.5 bbl/ft but some wells benefit from higher acid dosages. A wormhole model developed specifically for this completion-stimulation method can reproduce the observations and helps guide designs of future stimulation jobs by suggesting modifications to the hole spacing, which will improve the performance improvement using less acid volume.
Quick Technique to Identify Individual Stage Contribution in Multi Stage Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Alhaqbani M. , Almurayshid R. , Aleid F.
Published: October 2023

Currently there are many techniques being used by the oil and gas industry to identify individual stage production contribution. These include PTA (pressure transient analysis), PLT (production logging tools) and chemical tracers as examples. Although these conventional techniques could be accurate, they still have limitations and uncertainties due to the required interpretation process. Furthermore, they are costly since equipment require rental and continuous operational time.

Engineers or analyst would consume days of interpreting these techniques. In addition, might require to assume some input parameters that would lead into uncertainty in the calculated results or in some cases non-presentative model. The present paper topic provides quick and simple technique to estimate individual stage contribution as accurate as conventional tools, without need for using expensive or sophisticated technology.
Centralized Predictive Analytics and Diagnostics Platform
Authors: Hanif Fawaz , Al Ameri Ahmed S. , Al Zaabi Ahmed Abdulla
Published: October 2023

ADNOC Onshore operates 11 oil and gas fields spans around 12,000 km2 concession areas across BAB, NEB, Bu Hasa and South East production assets and two export terminals in Jebel Dhanna and Fujairah. ADNOC Onshore also operates vast pipeline network through which oil is transported from the oil fields to export terminals.

Rotating equipment used in the oil and gas business are the heart of production and processing plants. Rotating equipment are used to mobilize oil and gas throughout the process units to achieve desired production targets. Therefore, maintaining the equipment's reliability with high availability is imperative. The rotating equipment needs to be maintained and operated in a manner that continuous oil/gas production is achieved.

Any unwanted disruption with the equipment may result in issues like production and revenue loss, process safety concerns, environmental concerns, machine health and availability issues. Therefore, continuous condition monitoring and preventive maintenance of equipment is a key driver for minimizing abrupt equipment downtimes.

Due to ongoing strategical initiatives of production sustainability and enhancement, the mandate on production critical rotating equipment availability is also growing. It became imperative to predict machine failures in advance to take proactive mitigative actions. ADNOC Onshore collaborated with parent company ADNOC Upstream to deploy machine learning based CPAD solution coupled with thermodynamics first principles, for major rotating equipment condition monitoring across ADNOC Onshore assets while capitalizing on IT-OT existing infrastructure.
Increasing the Reliability of Injection Wells with the Application of Ventury Injector Concept Study Case LSA-175 Limau Oilfield Indonesia
Authors: Riyadi A. , Ardiansyah A. , Akbar Z.
Published: October 2023

Injection wells have an important role in the upstream oil and gas industry not only as injection of produced water but also as a secondary option in creating opportunities to increase oil and gas production. For old fields, the reliability of injection wells is very important in maintaining production stability and can even create opportunities to increase production by grossing up existing wells and adding new wells. The objective of this paper is to show an alternative corrective treatment for injection wells that is more efficient and low cost using the concept of the ventury effect. LSA-175 is an injection well that has a decrease in rate of 800-1000 bbl/day due to plugging and occurs frequently enough to require repeated treatment but is always hampered due to poor access road conditions and high cost.

To overcome plugging in injection wells, we made an Autosuction Chemical Pump (ASCP)" tool, which is a modified pipe through the ventury concept. This tool is designed to have a length of 50 cm consisting of throat, nozzle and diffuser which are configured to form a series to produce a vacuum effect. ASCP is made using stainless steel (SS) 316 material so that it is resistant to chemical acids, has a thickness that can withstand pressure >1500 psig, installation is simple and movable. ASCP was installed in the flowline by adding by pass flow to the LSA-175 injection well, then corrective treatment was carried out by injecting 15% HCl through the ASCP which resulted in a vacuum effect when fluid flow entered the ASCP. When the fluid enters the ASCP it produces delta pressure which causes a vacuum effect then the water produced with 15% HCl enters the well with a mixture of 8 - 10% as well plugging treatment media. After 20 bbl of 15% HCl treatment, LSA-175 show in increase in rate of 700 bbl/day and the wellhead pressure decreased by 30 Psig. The delta pressure that occurs is 200 psig to produce a vacuum effect.

Corrective treatment using ASCP is suitable for remote fields, if there is bad road access, the installation is simple and does not require heavy equipment. Chemical acid can be carried in a double cabin car using a 1000 liter IBC tank.
Asset Inspection Efficiency Maximization: Utilizing Alternative Methods
Authors: Pietranek L. M.
Published: October 2023

Technology is available to transform the way in which offshore assets are inspected and maintained. Breaking away from traditional methods and introducing new solutions which are far better suited to the energy industry as it transitions from a reliance on fossil fuels to more sustainable renewable sources.

Removing the requirement for vessel-based inspection and maintenance programs, and instead adopting asset deployed techniques will greatly reduce the environmental impact of routine asset inspections and increase operational efficiency.
Solving Integrated Logistics Challenges Through a Digital Platform for Humanitarian Efforts
Authors: Mohandas Anoop , Panchangam Shashank , Wolfl Chris
Published: October 2023

Over the previous few decades, logistics & marine operations have increased operational focus on frictionless movement, efficiency, prioritizing low inventory, labor shortage, regulatory compliance, and delivery at minimum cost as an approach to address tight budgets and the ever-changing business landscape. But the lack of data standards and the inability to integrate and connect with data from shipping lines, ports, terminal operators, truckers, railroads, warehouses, and cargo owners increases costs and delays the movement of the shipment. Effective operations need the transportation network to be robust and optimized by leveraging the latest technological solutions to ensure visibility to shipments through real-time updates, the ability to forecast demands, seamless collaboration, mitigate risk through proactive measures, remain compliant with regulations to drive the industry towards a future of optimal efficiency, sustainable and customer-centric.
ULL-UAD - Al Nouf Field Synergy – Study Report on Long-Term Jetty
Authors: Selvam Rajendran , Sunkari Guruprasad , AlJaberi Abdul Rahman Ahmed , Al Qubaisi Khaled Ahmed , Almheiri Ahmed Saeed
Published: October 2023

ADNOC Offshore is an upstream operator responsible for the development, production, and delivery of oil and gas resources from various fields in the Arabian Gulf, including Umm Al Dalkh (UAD) and Umm Lulu (UL) field for ADNOC, UAE. Umm Al Dalkh (UAD) field is located about 25 km northwest offshore of Abu Dhabi and Umm Lulu (UL) field is located about 40 km Northwest offshore of Abu Dhabi. Similarly, ADNOC Onshore is operating from various onshore fields. ADNOC Onshore NEB (Northeast Bab) field is located at Al Nouf southeast of Abu Dhabi Island.

ADNOC Offshore's strategic objective is to identify the potential synergies with Onshore for Long Term Development Plans (LTDP) of Umm Al Dalkh (UAD) & Umm Lulu (UL) facilities in terms of operation, facility integration, to achieve the resulting cost saving/economic benefits. As part of ADNOC business collaboration for creating opportunities of integrations and synergies between its Onshore and Offshore units, many initiatives are being studied. One of those initiatives was to utilize current ADNOC Onshore NEB-Al Nouf Field area as a base for ADNOC Offshore Umm Lulu & Umm Al Dalkh (UL/UD) field employees to allow them to work, reside and attend to their field from Al Nouf area (NEB).
Utilisation of Inflatable Buoyancy for Efficient and Safer Subsea Cable Laying over Traditional Methods
Authors: Brading Graham , Bangera Rakesh
Published: October 2023

The subsea and offshore industries pose significant challenges due to the unpredictable environments in which they operate. The traditional methods of cable laying often involve large equipment and specialized vessels, which lead to high project costs and timeconsuming processes. Inflatable buoyancy devices, which provide improved efficiency, safety, and sustainability for subsea cable installation, have, nevertheless, emerged as a game-changing alternative.

Buoyancy bags, which are inflatable airbags designed to lift and support cables, have revolutionized the cable laying process. By utilizing these buoyancy bags, the installation of subsea cables becomes easier, faster, and more cost-effective. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive analysis that highlights the advantages of utilizing inflatable buoyancy systems over traditional methods of cable laying.

Through rigorous calculations and examination of project information, we will delve into the numerous benefits offered by inflatable buoyancy systems. These systems mitigate risks associated with cable deployment, reducing the potential for cable damage during critical stages such as passing through tensioning systems or unwrapping from carousels. Additionally, changing weather conditions that could otherwise impact the cable deployment process are effectively managed with the use of buoyancy bags, minimizing the risk of potential damage.
Bringing Intelligence into Marine Logistics for the Oil Industry
Authors: Yahia A. , Al Qahtani M. , Alsalim A.
Published: October 2023

Numerous industries, including logistics, have drastically changed positively by adapting and welcoming the digital revolution. This urgency for adaptation stems from the increasing demand for efficiency and expenses reduction. However, the maritime logistics industry does not seem to be as welcoming to implement digital change as much as other logistics sectors and that is due to a number of differences that create hurdles in the maritime operations (Raza et al., 2023).

Maritime logistics in the oil industry refers to the delivery of equipment and material to offshore rigs. The nature of this operation introduces challenges some of which are low visibility and inefficient process completion due to many actors in the chain of operation (Raza et al., 2022). The offshore trips are heavily reliant on the network of actors who could be residing in different environment such as pier, vessel, or field. As a result of the missing unified communication within the responsible parties, the trips are cost inefficient and take a longer turnaround time (Lind et al., 2018).

Incorporating innovative technology to the maritime industry has the potential to streamline its operations (Kache and Seuring, 2017) just as it had this effect on numerous sectors including other logistical industries. In this case, maritime digitization involves enhancing the maritime operations by introducing digital technologies which creates a unified environment that benefits from visibility in a more sustainable operation.
Technology for Continuous Cyber Monitoring of Offshore Assets
Authors: Irani Z. S. , George R. , Dayal R.
Published: October 2023

Offshore assets, such as vessels and oil rigs, are critical components of various industries, including oil and gas, shipping, and renewable energy. As these assets become increasingly connected and reliant on digital systems, the risk of cyber threats and attacks also escalates. To ensure the security and resilience of offshore assets, continuous cyber monitoring is essential. This paper presents an online platform that enables real-time tracking of cyber resilience and policy adherence for vessels operating in offshore environments. The platform utilizes advanced technologies to assess and mitigate cyber risks, allowing operators to proactively monitor and improve the security posture of their assets.
Gap Analysis for EHV Submarine Cable Design
Authors: Singh Kamaljit , Paul Raju , Kamal Faris
Published: October 2023

Extra High Voltage (EHV) networks at offshore fields require long submarine cables which pose serious design and implementation challenges ranging from Cable Construction, Power Core Sizing, Capacitance Impact, Installation Methods, Overhead Line Interface, Factory Limitations, Transportation Logistics as well as Online Monitoring aspects. This paper highlights gaps identified during recent offshore projects and strategies adopted to mitigate all concerns. A methodical approach covering all the aspects of design and installation are discussed to avoid the gaps during the execution stage.

Submarine Cable design commences with load demand and route length estimation. This is a multi-disciplinary activity which needs to be managed by the package engineer using estimation templates, load study and coordination with offshore/pipeline/structural/civil teams. Ampacity calculation is a critical activity, especially with cable routes involving varied installation methods such as onshore trenching, shore approach burial, offshore trenching, seabed laying, J tube dry/wet and overhead sections. Charging current introduces a major constraint on the power flow which requires detailed study and mitigation. One needs to be aware of the logistics involved with long lengths along with transportation constraints and offshore field splicing activities. Close coordination with the supplier and installation team is emphasized.

Techniques to achieve enhanced cable ampacity are discussed in the paper along with critical studies to review important aspects such as switching duties, overload, over voltages, as well as thermal monitoring. This paper addresses all the aspects that need to be considered to ensure that design, logistics & installation issues are avoided. System requirements with the long EHV submarine cables are also covered for the benefit of package engineers, site teams and project management.
Gender-Specific Hotspot Detection of Literate and Workers in Uttar Pradesh, India using a Rough Graph-based Approach
Authors: Tabarej Mohd Shamsh , Minz Sonajharia
Published: October 2023

Spatial polygon data represents the area or region of specific events, such as disease cases, crime, medical facilities, earthquakes, and fires. In spatial data analysis, locating the hotspot is essential. However, it is challenging to identify a spatially significant hotspot. This paper proposes a novel method for finding statistically significant hotspots based on the rough graph. First, the Global Moan index is used to determine the presence of spatial dependence in the data set. Then, the HSDRG algorithm is implemented to find the hotspot of the polygon vector data. Two spatial neighbour search techniques, BFS and DFS, are employed to find the spatial neighbour. The algorithm is evaluated using socio-economic data from Uttar Pradesh, India. Four variables were chosen to find the hotspot: female literacy, male literacy, female workers, and male workers. A percentage value is calculated for each variable to find the hotspot. The analysis reveals that the generated hotspots are denser, the PAI value is high, and the running time is less than the other methods found in the literature. The running time of the HSDRH algorithm using DFS as the search technique is 69.48%, 72.91%, and 73.08% less compared to the methods Moran’s I, Getis Ord Gi, and Getis Ord Gi*, respectively. Therefore, the HDSRG algorithm using a rough graph is considered the optimal method for hotspot detection. This type of analysis is vital to know whether the area has good literacy concerning males and females and to know the area has hotspot workers.
Water Quality Evaluation Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Gavali Kajal Rajendra , Gundale A. S.
Published: October 2023

One of the most significant and serious issues currently affecting mankind is the degradation of natural water resources, such as rivers and lakes. Polluted water has longterm repercussions on all facets of existence. In order to maximise your water quality, it is crucial to manage your water resources. The impacts of water contents can be efficiently managed if data are analysed and water quality can be forecasted.This study’s objective is to develop a model for predicting quality of water is based on measurements of water quality using machine learning. With some data obtained through machine learning, models made of algorithms can be created. The collected data will be preprocessed, divided into training and testing portions, and exposed to machine learning classification techniques for a better assessment of parametric findings. Some of the classification type techniques used in this work are Decision Tree, LinearSVC, Random Forest, GradientBoosting, SGD, and KNeighbour. Each model’s performance indicators are computed and are different from one another. Hyper tuning is a method for raising perfor- mance metrics for models of machine learning.
How synchronized human networks escape local minima
Authors: Fridman Moti , Shniderman Elad , Avraham Yahav , Shahal Shir , Duadi Hamootal , Davidson Nir
Published: October 2023

Finding the global minimum in complex networks while avoiding local minima is challenging in many types of networks. We study the dynamics of complex human networks and observed that humans have different methods to avoid local minima than other networks. Humans can change the coupling strength between them or change their tempo. This leads to different dynamics than other networks and makes human networks more robust and better resilient against perturbations. We observed high-order vortex states, oscillation death, and amplitude death, due to the unique dynamics of the network. This research may have implications in politics, economics, pandemic control, decision-making, and predicting the dynamics of networks with artificial intelligence.
Impact of Orthodontic-Induced Facial Morphology Changes on Aesthetic Evaluation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Chao , Du Siyuan , Wang Zhengliang , Guo Shikai , Cui Mengjuan , Zhai Qianglan , Zhang Manfei , Fang Bing
Published: October 2023

Background
The profound influence of orthodontic interventions on facial aesthetics has been a topic of increasing interest. This study delves into the intricate interplay between orthodontic treatments, quantified facial feature alterations, and aesthetic perceptions.
Methods
A comprehensive cohort of clinical images capturing pre- and post-orthodontic treatment stages was meticulously curated, encompassing a sample size of N = 73. Employing advanced phenotypic grouping techniques, facial landmarks were meticulously identified, providing a nuanced understanding of facial changes. The subsequent aesthetic assessments, executed by a panel of experts, underwent rigorous statistical analyses to unveil the correlations between orthodontic modalities, facial feature transformations, and aesthetic appraisals.
Results
Notably robust consensus emerged among expert evaluators regarding facial aesthetic judgments, showcasing the highest consistency in lateral views. Intriguingly, orthodontic interventions yielded a substantial elevation in overall aesthetic ratings, with lateral and comprehensive evaluations particularly underscored. Among the subjects subjected to premolar extraction, a significantly more pronounced enhancement in aesthetic outcomes was evident. Distinct facial landmarks, such as pg.sm.hori and pg.n.ls, exhibited substantive alterations that demonstrated significant associations with heightened aesthetic evaluations. Moreover, a comprehensive multifactor analysis underscored the sustained significance of pg.sm.hori, positioning it as a pivotal factor influencing aesthetic outcomes within orthodontic practices.
Conclusions
This exhaustive study provides a comprehensive exploration of the intricate relationship between orthodontic interventions and facial aesthetics, capitalizing on the amalgamation of clinical images and expert judgments. The findings not only underscore the substantial impact of orthodontic treatments, particularly from lateral perspectives, but also emphasize the pivotal role of specific facial landmarks like pg.sm.hori and pg.n.ls in achieving augmented aesthetic results. These insights not only enrich the clinical decision-making process but also pave the way for further research endeavors aimed at unraveling the complex tapestry of facial aesthetics within the realm of orthodontics.
Stapler Strategies for Upcycling Mixed Plastics
Authors: Chen Chang-Le , Zou Chen , Chen Jiawei , Si Guifu
Published: October 2023

Mechanical recycling is one of the simplest and most economical strategies to address ever-increasing plastic pollution, but it cannot be applied to immiscible mixed plastics and suffers from property deterioration after each cycle. By combining the amphiphilic block copolymer strategy and reactive compatibilization strategy, we designed a series of stapler strategies for compatibilizing/upcycling mixed plastics. First, various functionalized graft copolymers were accessed via different synthetic routes. Subsequently, the addition of a very small amount of stapler molecules induced a synergistic effect with the graft copolymers that improved the compatibility and mechanical properties of mixed plastics. These strategies were highly effective for various binary/ternary plastic systems, can be directly applied to post-consumer waste plastics, and, most importantly, permitted the recycling of plastic blends 20 times with minimal degradation in their mechanical properties.
Projecting Future Heat Stress Disparities to 2100 in the Contiguous United States
Authors: Song Kaihui , Hsu Angel , Peng Wei , Yu Ying , Noah Kittner
Published: October 2023

Global warming increases heat-related health risks. Historical evidence suggests disproportionate heat impacts among different regional and socioeconomic groups in the US. However, little is known about the scale of potential disparities and which populations stand to be most vulnerable under different future climate scenarios. Here, we assess county-level heat exposure, measured by Heat Index (HI) from present-day to 2100, in the contiguous US using Integrated Assessment Model results for five future warming and socioeconomic development pathways. Our results reveal stark spatial and sociodemographic disparities in present and future heat stress, mainly for people of color and those aged 65+. The large proportion of high-risk populations residing in the Southern US makes this region particularly vulnerable to HI increases, and future warming will further enlarge disparities among disadvantaged sociodemographic groups. Our findings underscore the need for considering sociodemographic factors when developing climate adaptation plans and prioritizing policy responses for vulnerable communities.
Viral Load Calculation as an Infection Stage Indicator to effective COVID-19 Management
Authors: Cabral Paula Gebe Abreu , Silva Renato Martins da , Arruda Raul Ferraz , Cabral Sheila Passos de Figueiredo , de Assis Arícia Leone Evangelista Monteiro , Junior Antônio Brazil Viana , de Souza Sávio Bastos
Published: October 2023

Background: The treatment of patients afflicted by Covid-19 encountered significant challenges due to the short cycle of SARS-CoV-2 infection, lasting 15-20 days, allowing little time for decisive interventions in severe cases. Initial management relies on tests and symptoms, introducing uncertainty due to logarithmic viral multiplication. The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed millions of lives, despite vaccines and antiviral therapies.
Methods:The study proposes the sequential performance of two quantitative RT-PCR tests in SARS-CoV-2 patients to position them on the infection curve. Two cohorts of clinical studies were analyzed (NCT04668235 and NCT05033145) to improve treatment in moderate and mild COVID-19 cases. Viral load was quantified every 48 hours, providing insights into viral behavior.
Results and Conclusion:The results demonstrate a reliable relationship between improvement, stabilization, or deterioration after two tests every 48 hours. RT-PCR can elucidate the disease's course, provided the same equipment and kit are used. DDPCR confirms RT-PCR data, overcoming limitations in logarithmic analysis. Calculating viral load at two distinct time points enables the assessment of the patient's clinical stage relative to the infection, aiding effective disease management, whether it is progressing or regressing. This strategy has the potential to become a standard in other short-cycle viral diseases.
Effects of Taheri Consciousness Fields on Cell Cycle Progression and ATP Production in Raji and HEK-293 Cell Lines under Microgravity and Earth's Gravity Conditions
Authors: Semsarha Farid , Taheri Mohammad Ali , Hajebrahimi Zahra , Torabi Sara
Published: October 2023

T-Consciousness Fields (TCFs) as non-physical fields have been introduced by Mohammad Ali Taheri. Previous studies have examined the application of TCFs on various cell lines and ATP production, revealing that these fields can increase the viability and ATP concentration of cells. It is well-established that reduced gravity can have detrimental impacts on human health during space missions. In this study, two separate experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of TCFs under different gravity conditions using clinostat device to simulate microgravity (MG) condition. In the first experiment, Faradarmani Consciousness Field (FCF), as one of TCFs, was applied to Raji lymphoma cells, and cell cycle progression was evaluated under both MG environment and earth’s gravity (1G). In these experiments, the samples without TCFs treatment served as control. Flow cytometry assay revealed that MG stress considerably induced the Sub-G1 phase by up to 42% and reduced the percentage of G1 and S phases by approximately 57% and 30%, respectively, compared to 1G condition. However, the behavior of FCF-treated samples remained almost unchanged. In the second experiment, the effects of TCFs on cell cycle progression and ATP production of HEK-293 cell line were evaluated under both 1G and MG conditions. The results demonstrated that MG increased the Sub-G1 phase by around 50% percent while under TCFs the percentage of this phase was almost similar to that of control in 1G condition. Furthermore, the S phase in TCFs-treated cells was 18.5% higher compared to their clinorotated counterparts. Under earth’s gravity, TCFs induced a 29% increase in the G2 phase compared to the control. Additionally, MG significantly reduced ATP production by an average of 90%, but under TCFs the concentration of ATP was about two times higher than those samples without TCFs. In conclusion, aside from confirming the distinct effects of TCFs, the data of reduced sub-G1 phase suggest that TCFs treatment results in much better cell survival in reduced gravity by inhibiting apoptosis. According to Taheri, these observed changes in cellular behavior are attributed to information transmission through TCFs, which can compensate for the absence of gravity.
Striato-pallidal oscillatory connectivity correlates with symptom severity in dystonia patients
Authors: Lofredi Roxanne , Krause Patricia , Feldmann Lucia K. , Scheller Ute , Neumann Wolf-Julian , Krauss Joachim K. , Saryyeva Assel , Schneider Gerd-Helge , Faust Katharina , Sander-Thömmes Tilmann , Kühn Andrea A.
Published: October 2023

Dystonia is a hyperkinetic movement disorder that has been associated with an imbalance towards the direct pathway between striatum and internal pallidum. To date, the neuronal underpinnings of this abnormal basal ganglia pathway activity and its link to dystonic symptoms remain unknown. Here, we report invasive recordings from ten dystonia patients via specific deep brain stimulation electrodes that allow for unique parallel recordings of several basal ganglia structures. This entails the striatum, the external and the internal pallidum, thus covering nuclei of the direct and indirect pathway. We show that all recorded basal ganglia nuclei display activity in the low frequency band (3–12 Hz). In addition to a correlation between dystonic symptom severity and low-frequency activity in the internal pallidum (R = .88, P = .001), we demonstrate that dystonic symptoms correlate specifically with low-frequency coupling between striatum and internal pallidum (R = .75, P = 0.009). These findings point towards a pathophysiological role of the direct striato-pallidal pathway in dystonia that is conveyed via coupling in the enhanced low-frequency band. Our study provides novel mechanistic insight into the pathophysiology of dystonia by revealing a link between symptom severity and frequency-specific coupling of distinct basal ganglia pathways.
Detection of Safety Helmet and Mask Wearing Using Improved YOLOv5
Authors: Li Shuangyuan , Lv Yanchang , Liu Xiangyang , Li Mengfan
Published: October 2023

With the advancement of society, ensuring the safety of personnel involved in municipal construction projects, particularly in the context of pandemic control measures, has become a matter of utmost importance. Municipal engineering projects, distinct from other types of engineering endeavors, often unfold within urban environments, are characterized by extended durations, encompass a range of outdoor activities, and are susceptible to the influence of factors such as concurrent operations, traffic, climate, and environmental conditions. Consequently, the approach to safety management in municipal engineering necessitates unique considerations. This paper introduces a method that combines deep learning and target detection technology to propose a lightweight artificial intelligence (AI) detection method capable of simultaneously identifying mask-wearing and safety helmet-wearing individuals. The method primarily incorporates the ShuffleNetv2 feature extraction mechanism within the framework of the YOLOv5s network to reduce computational overhead. Additionally, it employs the ECA attention mechanism and optimized loss functions to generate feature maps with more comprehensive information, thereby enhancing the precision of target detection. Experimental results indicate that this algorithm improves the mean Average Precision (mAP) value by 4.3%. Furthermore, it reduces parameter and computational loads by 54.8% and 53.8%, respectively, effectively striking a balance between lightweight operation and precision. This study serves as a valuable reference for research pertaining to lightweight target detection in the realm of municipal construction safety measures.
Laboratory Biosafety: a Visual Analysis in the Web of Science Database From 2000 to 2022
Authors: Qi Sunyun , Chen Siyuan , Gao Yanchao , Witte Dries , Molenberghs Geert , Zhang Qifeng , Gu Hua
Published: October 2023

Background: To conduct a visual analysis of institutional publications, individual publications and publication keywords in the field of laboratory biosafety using the Web of Science database from 2000 to 2022.
Methods: The Web of Science database was searched and downloaded for the literature database from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2022. VOSviewer 1.6.18 was used to study the relation between paper authors, and CiteSpace 6.1.R3 was used to visualize the collaboration between the paper institutions, the paper keywords and the timeline.
Results: The main research institutions included the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA), the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China), and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (USA). The collaboration between the research institutions was limited and dispersed. According to the publication keywords, research hotspots and frontiers emphasize the prevention and management of major emerging infectious diseases, the identification and detection of unknown risk factors, and the advancement and application of biotechnology.
Conclusions: Evidently, the centralization of research teams and individuals in the field of laboratory biosafety is not conducive to the growth of disciplinary diversity. In general, laboratory infrastructure, financial investment and policy support are the basic conditions for research, and European and American countries have a clear first-mover advantage. Differences in intellectual property policies and the confidentiality of related research are one of the important factors hindering international cooperation. Focusing on maintaining human life and health and improving people's quality of life is what research should focus on.In the future, it should explore international consultation and cooperation and exchange mechanisms for intellectual property protection, and accelerate the promotion of laboratory infrastructure and policy and financial support.
Macromolecular Proton Fraction and Diffusion Mapping Brain Microstructure in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: pilot MR trial
Authors: Abramova Victoria , Petrovskiy Evgeniy , Savelov Andrey , Mazhirina Kseniya , Korostyshevskaya Aleksandra
Published: October 2023

In this study, we utilized advanced quantitative MRI techniques, specifically Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging, and Мacromolecular Proton Fraction Mapping, to investigate microstructural differences and alterations in the specific regions in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Previous studies have illustrated that the cingulate and prefrontal gyrus, along with the amygdala, are involved in emotional processing and the development of abnormal emotional responses in depression. Our findings revealed no significant interaction between Мacromolecular proton fraction Mapping with depressive disorder. However, patients with major depressive disorder exhibited a statistically significant increase in mean, axial and radial diffusivity (F = 6.3, p = 0.01, F = 5.0, p = 0.03, F = 7.08, p = 0.01, respectively) in the bilateral amygdala compared to healthy controls, as well as in mean and radial diffusivity in the anterior cingulate cortex (F = 5.61, p = 0.02, F = 7.08, p = 0.01, respectively). These results suggest that altered molecular diffusion characteristics in the amygdala and the anterior cingulate cortex may be specifically associated with major depressive disorder. The identification of novel markers for brain microstructural changes could have implications for early prediction of depressive disorder. Our study demonstrates the utility of new quantitative MRI techniques in assessing structural alterations on the molecular level in the brain and enhances our understanding of the pathophysiology of depression.
Microscopic polyangiitis associated with myelodysplastic syndrome mimicking infectious pneumonia, with complications including complete atrioventricular block and fatal intra-alveolar hemorrhage.
Authors: Sudria Axel , Hyvernat Herve
Published: October 2023

The association between ANCA-associated vasculitis and hematologic malignancy has been previously described and remains a rare phenomenon, albeit potentially underdiagnosed. We report the case of an 81-year-old patient with myelodysplastic syndrome who was managed for an infectious-appearing pneumonia, which subsequently complicated into complete heart block and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome with a fatal outcome. The final diagnosis is severe hemorrhagic alveolitis associated with ANCA-associated vasculitis meeting the criteria for microscopic polyangiitis. This article provides an opportunity to discuss the association between ANCA-associated vasculitis and hematologic malignancies and the adverse prognosis associated with it.
Prediction of Tamoxifen Benefit in Premenopausal Breast Cancer Patients Evaluated by Three Methods for Determination of Hormone Receptor Status
Authors: Engström Terese , Ekholm Maria , Fernö Mårten , Lundgren Christine , Nordenskjöld Bo , Stål Olle , Bendahl Pär-Ola , Tutzauer Julia , Rydén Lisa
Published: October 2023

Background
Tamoxifen remains an important adjuvant treatment in premenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Thus, determination of hormone receptors is important. Here, we compare cytosol-based methods, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and gene expression (GEX) analysis for determining hormone receptor status in premenopausal breast cancer patients from a randomized tamoxifen trial, to determine if any method is superior at identifying patients that benefit from tamoxifen.
Methods
Premenopausal patients (n = 564) were randomized to two years of tamoxifen or no systemic treatment. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status by protein expression measured by cytosol-based methods and IHC, and mRNA by GEX analysis were compared in 313 patients with available data from all methods. Kaplan Meier estimates and Cox regression were used to evaluate the treatment-predictive value for recurrence-free interval (RFi) and overall survival (OS). Median follow-up for event-free patients was 26 (RFi) and 33 (OS) years.
Results
The mRNA data of ESR1 and PGR distributed bimodally, patterns confirmed in an independent cohort. Kappa-values between all methods were 0.76 and 0.79 for ER and PR respectively. Tamoxifen improved RFi in patients with ER-positive (ER+) or PR-positive (PR+) tumors (Hazard Ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI)), cytosol-ER + 0.53 (0.36–0.79); IHC-ER + 0.55 (0.38–0.79); GEX-ER + 0.54 (0.37–0.77); cytosol-PR + 0.49 (0.34–0.72); IHC-PR + 0.58 (0.40–0.85); GEX-PR + 0.55 (0.38–0.80)). Results were similar for OS.
Conclusion
Cytosol-based methods, IHC, and GEX analysis can all identify patients that benefit from two years of tamoxifen with equal performance, indicating that GEX data might be used to guide adjuvant tamoxifen therapy.
The trial is registered on ISRCTN: ISRCTN12474687
Vergleich der kardialen Magnetresonanztomographie-Cine-Bilder mit Standard Atemstopps gegenüber freier Atmung und Echtzeit-CMR mit Compressed Sensing bei freier Atmung
Authors:   , Bremekamp Sina
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund: Die kardiale Magnetresonanztomographie (CMR) gilt als Referenzstandard für die Beurteilung der linksventrikulären Funktion und des Volumens des linken Ventrikels (LV). Neuartige Echtzeittechniken versprechen eine schnelle Bildgebung bei freier Atmung mit ähnlicher Qualität. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Genauigkeit der standardmäßigen Steady-State-Free-Precession (SSFP)-Cine-Bildgebung bei angehaltenem Atem mit der gleichen Sequenz unter Verwendung von drei Signalmittelungen, während freier Atmung sowie mit einer Compressed-Sensing (Cs)- Echtzeittechnik während der freien Atmung zur Beurteilung von LV-Volumen und Masse zu vergleichen. Methoden: 24 Probanden wurden mit einer Standard-SSFP-Technik bei angehaltenem Atem (BH), mit derselben Technik bei freier Atmung unter Verwendung von drei durchschnittlichen Herzzyklen (SA-FB) sowie mit einem CS-Echtzeitprotokoll bei freier Atmung (CS-FB) untersucht. Verglichen wurden die Erfassungsdauer, die Genauigkeit sowie die Inter- und Intraobserver-Variabilität von LV-Funktion, Volumen und Masse. Ergebnisse: Die Echtzeit-Bildgebung war erheblich schneller als die freie Atmung mit drei Signalmittelwerten (p<0.001). Die Korrelation zwischen dem Referenzstandard (BH) und den beiden anderen Techniken war ausgezeichnet mit einem r2 für SA-FB vs. BH zwischen 0.74 - 0.89 und einem r2 für CS-FB vs. BH zwischen 0.81 und 0.94. SA-FB ergab mittlere Fehler zwischen 5.9% und 15% für verschiedene LV-Parameter, während CS-FB zu mittleren Fehlern von 6.5%bis 13% führte. Die Inter- und Intraobserver-Variabilität war bei der Echtzeit-Bildgebung ausgezeichnet und bei der SSFP-Bildgebung (SA-FB und BH) gut. Schlussfolgerung: Sowohl ein Standardprotokoll mit 3 Signalmittelungen, während der freien Atmung als auch die Compressed Sensing liefern genaue und reproduzierbare Messungen des LV, während die Echtzeit-Bildgebung wesentlich schneller ist.
Tensor network study of the Shastry-Sutherland model with weak interlayer coupling
Authors: Vlaar Patrick , Corboz Philippe
Published: October 2023

The layered material SrCu_22(BO_33)_22 has long been studied because of its fascinating physics in a magnetic field and under pressure. Many of its properties are remarkably well described by the Shastry-Sutherland model (SSM) - a two-dimensional frustrated spin system. However, the extent of the intermediate plaquette phase discovered in SrCu_22(BO_33)_22 under pressure is significantly smaller than predicted in theory, which is likely due to the weak interlayer coupling that is present in the material but neglected in the model. Using state-of-the-art tensor network methods we study the SSM with a weak interlayer coupling and show that the intermediate plaquette phase is destabilized already at a smaller value around J''/J\sim0.04-0.05J″/J∼0.04−0.05 than previously predicted from series expansion. Based on our phase diagram we estimate the effective interlayer coupling in SrCu_22(BO_33)_22 to be around J''/J\sim 0.027J″/J∼0.027 at ambient pressure.
Sustainability-oriented innovations and value creation in SMEs: An illustration in the Colombian context
Authors: Felipe Reyes-Rodríguez Juan , E. Contreras-Pacheco Orlando , Patricia Chacon Arias Olga
Published: October 2023

Unlocking the potential of small and medium-sized enterprises hinges on grasping the underlying principles driving the development of sustainability-oriented innovations. It empowers this community of firms to contribute to sustainability and, at the same time, generate value. In this sense, drawing on the sustainable value creation model, the purpose of this study is to propose a framework for sustainability-oriented innovations in small and medium-sized enterprises by analyzing various strategic approaches. The study employs a theoretical approach aligning conceptual foundations with sustainability-oriented innovations. The study utilizes the sustainable value creation model and identifies four strategies suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises: (i) pollution prevention, (ii) product stewardship, (iii) clean technology, and (iv) sustainable vision focused on the base-of-the-pyramid. Further, portfolios of sustainability-oriented innovations, framed in each of the four strategies and in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises found in the literature are discussed. To illustrate each strategy, the analysis of four small and medium-sized enterprises operating in Colombia is conducted. The findings demonstrate how these strategies, combined with the implementation of portfolios of sustainability-oriented innovations, generate value in small and medium-sized enterprises, while promoting sustainability in the case of the context of an emerging economy. Moreover, the study suggests that small and medium-sized enterprises can effectively adopt a strategic orientation toward designing and implementing portfolios of sustainability-oriented innovations. Ultimately, the study highlights the potential of small and medium-sized enterprises in developing economies to contribute strategically to sustainable development, given their unique characteristics.
Equipment quality control during patient radiation protection optimisation in radionuclide diagnostics
Authors: Petryakova A. V. , Chipiga L. A. , Vodovatov A. V. , Smolyarchuk M. Ya.
Published: October 2023

The development of nuclear medicine and, in particular, radionuclide diagnostics in the Russian Federation and the introduction of new technologies causes the necessity of the development and actualizing of the methods of the radionuclide diagnostics optimisation. Patient radiation protection optimisation through the equipment quality control and calibration is necessary to minimize the patient exposure levels and to obtain accurate and reproducible results of the uptake activity evaluation and high-quality image. However, in the national practice, conducting the equipment quality control and calibration is difficult due the lack of the requirements and methodology for quality control. The aim of the current study is the determination of the list of the necessary equipment quality control and calibration procedures in the radionuclide diagnostics department which will be harmonized between national and foreign standards and guidelines. The analysis of the national and the foreign documents standardized and recommended the gamma-camera and single photon emission computed tomography quality control and calibration procedures was performed in the study. The analysis demonstrated the national standards do not involve the frequency of the quality control for the most parameters. However, the methodology in the national standards is completely described, meets with foreign methodology and can be interchangeable, and can be used for quality control. Based on the analysis the list of the gamma camera and single photon emission computed tomography quality control and calibration procedures with recommended frequency, which is necessary for patient radiation protection optimisation and achievement of the accurate diagnostic results, are presented in the study.