bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tax evasion and debt dynamics with endogenous growth
Authors: Levaggi Rosella , Menoncin Francesco
Published: February 2025

In this note, we study the relationship between tax evasion and economic growth in a model where public expenditure allows to improve private capital productivity, and it is financed by both taxes and public debt. Here, we define debt to be sustainable if the debt/GDP ratio resulting from agents optimization converges toward a finite equilibrium that is endogenous to the model. We show that: (i) the level of public expenditure which maximizes growth does not depend on audit parameters, (ii) evasion reduces the range of parameters for which the debt/GDP ratio is sustainable, and (iii) the debt/GDP ratio is sustainable if the total factor productivity is sufficiently high.
Beyond Investment Protection and ISDS: Towards an Investment Law Research Agenda Focusing on Investment Facilitation and Liberalization Commitments
Authors: Paine Joshua
Published: February 2025

This research note contributes to moving the scholarly field of international investment law beyond its dominant focus in recent decades on issues of post-admission investment protection and investor–State dispute settlement (ISDS). Specifically, it maps a future research agenda focusing on issues of investment facilitation and investment liberalization. This research note analyses several common and important themes that arise in relation to treaty-based investment facilitation and investment liberalization commitments. These include the value-added of international legally binding obligations, the impact of international commitments on States' applied policies, and a notable shift away from investor–State arbitration towards State–State dispute settlement only and mechanisms for ongoing cooperation between the treaty parties. These themes raise challenging questions, which often call for future empirical research employing methods other than traditional legal analysis. Nevertheless, this research note suggests that the scholarly field of international investment law has much to gain from shifting some of its focus away from well-versed issues of investment protection and ISDS towards under-researched questions concerning investment facilitation and investment liberalization commitments.
Erziehungskompetenz
Authors: Fuhrer Urs
Published: February 2025

Wie kann gute Erziehung heute aussehen? Was brauchen Kinder wirklich? Die wichtigste Botschaft dieses Buches ist: Bedingungslose Liebe schenken, Grenzen setzen und Selbstvertrauen fördern – das sind die Eckpfeiler einer entwicklungsförderlichen Erziehung. Müttern und Vätern wird erläutert, was es bedeutet, in Familien, speziell auch in Scheidungs-, Stief- und Patchworkfamilien zu leben, und was dabei in der Erziehung wichtig ist. Ebenso wird deutlich, dass Kinder andere Kinder brauchen und dass die Erfahrungen mit der Schule, die neuen Medien (Fernseher, Video, Computer, Handy) sowie Werbung und Konsum das Kinderleben stark beeinflussen. Dabei kann Erziehung auch schief gehen, wenn Kinder verwöhnt, misshandelt, mit Gewalt gezüchtigt oder gar vernachlässigt werden. Deswegen sollten Eltern wissen, wie sie an sich selbst Erziehungsfehler erkennen und was sie dagegen tun können. Urs Fuhrer ist seit 1994 Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie am Institut für Psychologie I der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg und Mitglied zahlreicher nationaler und internationaler wissenschaftlicher Gesellschaften. Er hat 2005 beim Verlag Hans Huber das 'Lehrbuch Erziehungspsychologie' publiziert. Seine aktuellen Forschungsschwerpunkte bewegen sich im Schnittfeld von Entwicklungs-, Erziehungs- und Familienpsychologie.
French Validation of the Teacher Emotion Scale (TES-FR)
Authors: Audrin Catherine , Hascoët Marine , Burel Nicolas , Gay Philippe
Published: February 2025

Abstract: The aim of this study is to propose a French validation of the Teacher Emotion Scale (TES-FR), a self-reported measure of teacher’s emotions (anxiety, anger, and joy). We collected data on two independent samples of teachers (pre- and in service). In Study 1 ( N = 668), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a three-factor solution representing the three emotions of the TES-FR. In addition, correlation and network analyses revealed that the TES-FR scores were related to teachers’ perceived competence, the importance is they allow to teach, and their interest in the profession. In Study 2 ( N = 249), we performed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), which was followed by a structural equation model (SEM) testing how teachers’ perceptions regarding (1) students’ engagement, (2) instruction clarity, and (3) classroom management predicted their emotions. This article supports the three-factor structure proposed in the original version of the TES ( Frenzel et al., 2016 ) and further highlights a good internal consistency and external validity of the TES-FR in preservice and in-service teachers.
The Effect of Psychological Needs Satisfaction on Protective Gaming Beliefs and Behaviors
Authors: He Mu , Shan Rushui , Lu Jiahui , Tong Kwok Kit
Published: February 2025

Abstract: While substantial studies focus on risk and negative factors for problematic video gaming, the present study paid attention to protective and positive factors that lead to healthy gaming practice. Based on the self-determination theory (SDT), the present study investigated whether psychological needs satisfaction may facilitate players’ adherence to protective gaming beliefs and behaviors. With a survey among 737 video game players, Study 1 observed a positive association between psychological needs satisfaction and protective gaming beliefs and behaviors. Study 2 used the positive writing technique to promote players’ psychological needs satisfaction, and the players with enhanced autonomy and competence need satisfaction showed a higher adherence to protective gaming beliefs and behaviors. The findings imply that players’ autonomous motivation and self-perceived competence can play a role in healthy gaming practice. SDT-based healthy gaming strategies may help to develop practical and sustainable programs for containing problematic gaming and promoting players’ health and well-being.
Exploring the Significance of Chlorophyll Fluorescence‐Based Photosynthetic Capacity in Gross Primary Productivity Simulations Across Diverse Ecosystems in China
Authors: Amir Muhammad , Chen Bin , Chen Jinghua , Wang Shaoqiang , Zhu Kai , Chen Shiliang , Xia Ye
Published: February 2025

Accurate estimation of gross primary productivity (GPP) plays a critical role in developing effective climate change policies. In addition to climatic factors, CO2 levels, and leaf area index (LAI), GPP is also primarily regulated by the maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax) in ecosystem models. However, significant uncertainties in Vcmax measurements, along with its limited availability over larger geographical areas, hinder our ability to address scientific questions in context of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Recently, solar‐induced fluorescence (SIF) signals have been used as non‐invasive way to monitor plant physiological processes. In this study, we utilized eddy covariance‐based GPP and the Soil‐Canopy Observation of Photosynthesis and Energy (SCOPE) model to infer Vcmax. We aimed to establish relationships between site‐scale Vcmax and far‐red solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence yield (SIFyield) to estimate photosynthetic capacity across diverse ecosystems in China from 2008 to 2010. Our findings revealed a robust relationship between SIFyield and site‐level Vcmax retrievals, with a coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 0.36 to 0.74 (p < 0.05) at biweekly (once every two weeks) intervals across all studied sites. Incorporating SIFyield‐derived Vcmax into the SCOPE model resulted in a 9% improvement in GPP simulation accuracy compare to using a constant Vcmax. Additionally, integration SIFyield‐derived Vcmax into the BEPS (Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator) model demonstrated strong agreement between flux‐based and simulated GPP values, further validating the accuracy of the estimated Vcmax in capturing ecosystem photosynthetic capacity. This study highlights the importance of utilizing SIFyield to precisely quantify GPP estimates in the context of imminent climate change challenges.
New Impacts on Mars: Systematic Identification and Association With InSight Seismic Events
Authors: Bickel V. T. , Daubar I. J. , Zenhäusern G. , Doran G. , Charalambous C. , Fernando B. , Sokolowska A. , Wagstaff K. L. , Pike T. , Stähler S. C. , Clinton J. , Giardini D.
Published: February 2025

The InSight lander represents a unique opportunity to correlate seismic data with impact events identified in orbital images, enabling the characterization of the physical properties of the martian crust and mantle. Here, we present the first comprehensive catalog of impacts that occurred during the InSight mission within a 50° radius around the lander. We use a machine learning‐enabled approach to identify 123 date‐constrained impacts with diameters between ∼1 and 22.5 m. We estimate an impact rate of 2.7 × 10−6/km2/year for >3.9 m effective diameter, which is ∼1.6–∼2.5 times higher than previously derived for Mars. We identify 49 seismic events with one or several potential impact match(es) including a 21.5 m crater located near Cerberus Fossae. Our catalog will enable a more accurate characterization of the propagation of seismic body waves at intermediate distances to InSight (5–50°), with major implications for estimates of other seismic event distances.
Machine Learning Reveals the Contrasting Roles of Rainfall and Canopy Structure Metrics on the Formation of Canopy Drip and Splash Throughfall
Authors: Nanko Kazuki , Levia Delphis F. , Iida Shin'ichi , Shinohara Yoshinori , Sakai Naoki
Published: February 2025

Throughfall is a significant majority of the total precipitation reaching the ground in forested areas. This study revealed biotic and abiotic factors influencing the throughfall generation process, with the throughfall partitioning into free throughfall, splash throughfall, and canopy drip created at foliar surface drip points (FSDPs) and occasional woody surface drip points (O‐WSDPs), utilizing machine learning. Using a large‐scale rainfall simulator, throughfall drops were simultaneously measured at 19 locations under a mix of deciduous and coniferous tree species in both foliated and unfoliated states. Random forest modeling showed that biotic factors, such as foliage amount, primarily affected the development and volume fraction of canopy drip in foliated trees. In contrast, for unfoliated trees, canopy drip volume fraction was mainly influenced by abiotic factors, including drop size and kinetic energy of open rainfall. The formation and volume fraction of splash throughfall were primarily influenced by abiotic factors for both foliated and unfoliated trees. From the comparison between the foliated and unfoliated states, the generation process of canopy drip was separately clarified between FSDPs and O‐WSDPs. More and larger canopy drip was generated by more foliage with a more wetted canopy with less fluctuation at the FSDPs, whereas a less wetted canopy and/or higher drop impact energy generated more and larger canopy drip at O‐WSDPs. This study underscores the importance of canopy structure and meteorological conditions in determining throughfall partitioning. The findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of rainwater redistribution in forest ecosystems.
Atlas of multilineage stem cell differentiation reveals TMEM88 as a developmental regulator of blood pressure
Authors: Shen Sophie , Werner Tessa , Lukowski Samuel W. , Andersen Stacey , Sun Yuliangzi , Shim Woo Jun , Mizikovsky Dalia , Kobayashi Sakurako , Outhwaite Jennifer , Chiu Han Sheng , Chen Xiaoli , Chapman Gavin , Martin Ella M. M. A. , Xia Di , Pham Duy , Su Zezhuo , Kim Daniel , Yang Pengyi , Tan Men Chee , Sinniah Enakshi , Zhao Qiongyi , Negi Sumedha , Redd Meredith A. , Powell Joseph E. , Dunwoodie Sally L. , Tam Patrick P. L. , Bodén Mikael , Ho Joshua W. K. , Nguyen Quan , Palpant Nathan J.
Published: February 2025

Pluripotent stem cells provide a scalable approach to analyse molecular regulation of cell differentiation across developmental lineages. Here, we engineer barcoded induced pluripotent stem cells to generate an atlas of multilineage differentiation from pluripotency, encompassing an eight-day time course with modulation of WNT, BMP, and VEGF signalling pathways. Annotation of in vitro cell types with reference to in vivo development reveals diverse mesendoderm lineage cell types including lateral plate and paraxial mesoderm, neural crest, and primitive gut. Interrogation of temporal and signalling-specific gene expression in this atlas, evaluated against cell type-specific gene expression in human complex trait data highlights the WNT-inhibitor gene TMEM88 as a regulator of mesendodermal lineages influencing cardiovascular and anthropometric traits. Genetic TMEM88 loss of function models show impaired differentiation of endodermal and mesodermal derivatives in vitro and dysregulated arterial blood pressure in vivo. Together, this study provides an atlas of multilineage stem cell differentiation and analysis pipelines to dissect genetic determinants of mammalian developmental physiology.
A connection between proto-neutron-star Tayler–Spruit dynamos and low-field magnetars
Authors: Igoshev Andrei , Barrère Paul , Raynaud Raphaël , Guilet Jérome , Wood Toby , Hollerbach Rainer
Published: February 2025

Low-field magnetars have dipolar magnetic fields of 1012–1013 G, 10–100 times weaker than the values of magnetic-field strength B ≈ 1014–1015 G used to define classical magnetars, yet they produce similar X-ray bursts and outbursts. Using direct numerical simulations of magnetothermal evolution starting from a dynamo-generated magnetic field, we show that the low-field magnetars can be produced as a result of a Tayler–Spruit dynamo inside a proto-neutron star. We find that these simulations naturally explain key characteristics of low-field magnetars: weak (≲1013 G) dipolar magnetic fields, strong small-scale fields and magnetically induced crustal failures producing X-ray bursts. These findings suggest that the formation channel of low-B magnetars is distinct from that for classical magnetars, reflecting potential differences in proto-neutron-star dynamos.
Increased crevassing across accelerating Greenland Ice Sheet margins
Authors: Chudley Thomas R. , Howat Ian M. , King Michalea D. , MacKie Emma J.
Published: February 2025

Surface crevassing on the Greenland Ice Sheet is a large source of uncertainty in processes controlling mass loss due to a lack of comprehensive observations of their location and evolution through time. Here we use high-resolution digital elevation models to map the three-dimensional volume of crevasse fields across the Greenland Ice Sheet in 2016 and 2021. We show that, between the two years, large and significant increases in crevasse volume occurred at marine-terminating sectors with accelerating flow (up to +25.3 ± 10.1% in the southeast sector), while the change in total ice-sheet-wide crevasse volume was within measurement error (+4.3 ± 5.9%). The sectoral increases were offset by a reduction in crevasse volume in the central west sector (−14.2 ± 3.2%), particularly at Sermeq Kujalleq (Jakobshavn Isbræ), which exhibited slowdown and thickening over the study period. Changes in crevasse volume correlate strongly with antecedent discharge changes, indicating that the acceleration of ice flow in Greenland forces significant increases in crevassing on a timescale of less than five years. This response provides a mechanism for mass-loss-promoting feedbacks on sub-decadal timescales, including increased calving, faster flow and accelerated water transfer to the bed.
Climatological Atlas of Temperature and Salinity for the Northeast Asian Seas
Authors: Kim Yong Sun , Seok Soo-Hyun , Lee Jae-Ho , Kim Sung-Dae
Published: February 2025

This study describes a monthly Atlas for the Northeast Asian Seas 2023 (ANAS23) with a 1/10° horizontal resolution and 73 vertical levels. For ANAS23, over 1.6 million hydrographic profiles were analyzed, utilizing a simple kriging interpolation technique, which considers data density and their covariance at each grid point, along with a profile stabilizing method to minimize damage to water-mass structures. Comparison of ANAS23 with previously published atlases, repeated sectional observations, and satellite-based geostrophic current fields reveals that the ANAS23 provides reliable descriptions of the spatial distribution of water masses, currents, thermohaline fronts, and mesoscale eddies while avoiding spike-shape noises, vertical instabilities, and artificial waters, particularly over large-topographic features. The ANAS23 could be utilized as a baseline to assess the dynamic state of climatological mean fields and their changes under evolving climates. The fact that uncertainty among atlases is still apparent, particularly in a region of scarce observations, calls for a collaborative international effort to collect qualified hydrographic observations for a better-performing regional atlas, thus improving predictive skills for future climate.
Halodule uninervis extract facilitates the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles with anticancer activity
Authors: Wehbe Nadine , Mesmar Joelle Edward , El Kurdi Riham , Al-Sawalmih Ali , Badran Adnan , Patra Digambara , Baydoun Elias
Published: February 2025

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been utilized in a plethora of applications due to their unique optical properties, high stability, and great biocompatibility. The use of plant extracts in the biosynthesis of AuNPs has emerged as an eco-friendly, inexpensive, and nontoxic approach. In the present study, the ethanolic extract of Halodule uninervis (HUE) was used for the first time in the green synthesis of AuNPs. The biogenic AuNPs were characterized using several spectroscopic and microscopic techniques and their anticancer potential was investigated. They displayed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 550 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis proved the synthesis of small and spherical AuNPs with a zeta potential of − 27.66 mV. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern established the crystalline nature of AuNPs. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) data confirmed the role of HUE in the capping and stabilization of the manufactured AuNPs. The produced AuNPs exhibited anticancer activity against several human cancer cell lines, highlighting their potential efficacy as anticancer therapeutic agents. Further analysis revealed that this observed cytotoxicity is mediated via the induction of apoptosis. Overall, our data validate the effective use of H. uninervis extract in the biosynthesis of AuNPs with significant biological properties.
Prediction of the axial compression capacity of ECC-CES columns using adaptive sampling and machine learning techniques
Authors: Megahed Khaled
Published: February 2025

An innovative form of concrete-encased steel (CES) composite columns incorporating engineered cementitious composites (ECC) confinement (ECC-CES) has recently been introduced, displaying superior performance in failure behavior, ductility, and toughness compared to traditional CES columns. This study presents an innovative approach to predicting the axial capacity of ECC-CES columns using adaptive sampling and machine learning (ML) techniques. This study initially introduces a finite element (FE) modeling for ECC-CES columns, integrating material and geometric nonlinearities to accurately capture the inelastic behavior of ECC and steel through appropriate constitutive material laws. The FE model was validated against experimental data and demonstrated strong predictive accuracy. An adaptive sampling process is employed for efficient exploration of the design space to generate a database of 840 FE models. Subsequently, seven ML models are utilized to predict the axial compression capacity based on the FE database. These models were comprehensively evaluated, displaying a superior prediction performance compared to design standards such as EC4 and AISC360. From evolution metrics, the Gaussian process regression, CatBoost (CATB), and LightGBM (LGBM) models emerged as the most accurate and reliable model, with nearly more than 97% of FE samples within the 10% error range. Despite the robust performance of the ML models, their black-box nature limits practical applicability in design contexts. To address this, the study proposes a symbolic regression-derived design that offers interpretable, explicit design equations with competitive performance metrics.
Ultrabroadband near-infrared emission profiling in multicore optical fibers doped with Er3+ and Yb3+/Tm3+/Ho3+ ions
Authors: Markiewicz Jakub , Kochanowicz Marcin , Ragiń Tomasz , Miluski Piotr , Pisarski Wojciech A. , Pisarska Joanna , Kuwik Marta , Dorosz Dominik , Leich Martin , Jäger Matthias
Published: February 2025

This paper presents novel multicore fibers with broadband emission in the 1.4–2.1 μm range. Based on our previous work with barium gallo-germanate glasses and fibers, the 4 and 11-core fiber structures, each containing core glasses doped with Er3+ and Yb3+/Tm3+/Ho3+, were developed. Our efforts have resulted in flat emission in 3 dB and 10 dB bands, achievable under excitation at 796 nm, 808 nm, 940 nm, and 980 nm. The measured emission spectra of these fibers are described as a superposition of emission bands from each individual core, corresponding to the transitions of Er3+, Tm3+, and Ho3+ ions. Our method demonstrates the potential of emission profiling in multicore optical fibers as a new way to construct eye-safe broadband fiber sources.
Research on cutting mechanism and process optimization method of gear skiving
Authors: Wang Peng , Ni Yuanchao , Wu Xiaoqiang , Ji Jiaxue , Li Geng , Wu Jiahao
Published: February 2025

The cutting force and cutting temperature have a significant impact on the service life and durability of gear skiving cutters. Due to unreasonable design, the existing process parameters lead to dramatically nonuniform cutting force and cutting temperature, which aggravates the rapid wear of gear skiving cutters. To address this issue, this paper first establishes a finite element model of skiving the internal circular arc tooth in pin wheel housing, and the simulation model is simplified to improve computation efficiency. Next, the impact of single process parameter on cutting force and cutting temperature is analyzed by controlling variable. Then, an orthogonal experiment is designed and the method of range analysis is employed to evaluate the significance of each process parameter. Furthermore, a prediction model of cutting force and cutting temperature is established using a neural network optimized by genetic algorithm. This prediction model allows for the construction of a multi-objective optimization model for the process parameters. By solving this model, the optimal combination of process parameters within the given ranges can be obtained to achieve reasonable and balanced cutting force and cutting temperature.
Experimental data suggest between population reversal in the condition dependence of two sexually selected traits
Authors: Hegyi Gergely , Laczi Miklós , Szabó Gyula , Kötél Dóra , Sarkadi Fanni , Török János
Published: February 2025

When viewing mate choice as a process of adaptive evolution, the condition-dependence of sexual ornaments represents a central pillar. Experimental tests of condition-dependence are few and refer to one population per species. The first brood size manipulation experiment aimed to test ornament condition-dependence had been reported from a Swedish population of collared flycatchers. Here we report a similar experiment conducted in a Hungarian population, examining the change of white plumage patch sizes of male parents by the next year and the patch sizes of male offspring in adulthood. The results consistently indicate that experimentally modified reproductive effort affects male wing, but not forehead patch size. To the contrary, previous results from the Swedish population indicated significant effects on forehead, but not wing patch sizes. Both patches are sexually selected in both populations, so the diverging results offer the first experimental suggestion of a trait by population crossover in the information content of two sexual ornaments. We conclude that explaining why some ornaments are condition-dependent is still far ahead, and further, preferably experimental population comparisons would be helpful.
Synergistic enhancement of the Ag/ZIF-67 cage@MXene 3D heterogeneous structure for ultrahigh SERS sensitivity and stability
Authors: Shao Yunpeng , Deng Wenlong , Niu Yue , Zhang Zicheng , Song Jiwei , Yao Yuan , Mei Linyu
Published: February 2025

A carbon fibre cloth loaded Ag/ZIF-67 cage@MXene three-dimensional detection platform was developed, and a ZIF 67@MXene heterojunction was constructed by chemically combining the ZIF-67 cage with MXene via a Co–O–Ti bond to achieve triple detection enhancement of the SERS substrate.
Chlorine-mediated methane activation: an efficient photocatalytic pathway to valuable chemicals
Authors: da Silva Marcos A. R. , Cunha Carla S. , Silva Luana L. B. , Farias Isadora G. , Teixeira Ivo F.
Published: February 2025

This Highlight presents an emerging strategy for methane photocatalytic oxidation using chlorine species, emphasizing their advantages and outlining future challenges.
Synthesis of α-arylacetophenone derivatives by Grignard reactions and transformations of arynes via C–C bond cleavage
Authors: Hoshi Yukitaka , Tabata Shinya , Yoshida Suguru
Published: February 2025

Divergent synthesis of α-arylacetophenones by 1,2-addition and following transformations via aryne intermediates is disclosed. Diverse α-arylacetophenones were prepared from aryl halides, ketones, and various arynophiles.
An integrated design for high-energy, durable zinc–iodine batteries with ultra-high recycling efficiency
Authors: Zhang Leiqian , Ding Han , Gao Haiqi , Gong Jiaming , Guo Hele , Zhang Shuoqing , Yu Yi , He Guanjie , Deng Tao , Parkin Ivan P. , Hofkens Johan , Fan Xiulin , Lai Feili , Liu Tianxi
Published: February 2025

This work presents a zinc–iodine battery featuring a liquid–liquid biphasic electrolyte and an integrated cell structure, which facilitates an iodine loading of 69.8 mg cm−2, a self-discharge rate of 3.4% per month, and ∼100% recycling efficiency.
The influence of higher order geometric terms on the asymmetry and dynamics of membranes
Authors: Sischka Jan Magnus Magnus , Nitschke Ingo , Voigt Axel
Published: February 2025

We consider membranes as fluid deformable surface and allow for higher order geometric terms in the bending energy. The evolution equations are derived and numerically solved using surface finite elements....
The influence of fruit juice extracts on glucose intestinal transporters and antioxidant genes in a Caco-2 and HT29-MTX co-culture cell system
Authors: Köpsel Magdalena , Kostka Tina , Rodriguez-Werner Miriam , Esatbeyoglu Tuba
Published: February 2025

Investigation of the polyphenols, their influence on the permeability of the intestinal barrier, their antioxidant properties and their efficacy with regard to glucose transport across the intestinal membrane of 11 fruit juice extracts.
Innovative approaches to enhancing kombucha through flavour additives: a phytochemical and antioxidant analysis
Authors: Jakubczyk Karolina , Melkis Klaudia , Maciejewska-Markiewicz Dominika , Muzykiewicz-Szymańska Anna , Nowak Anna , Skonieczna-Żydecka Karolina
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical profile (flavonoids, phenolic acids, caffeine, vitamin C, and acetic acid), in vitro antioxidant potential, total polyphenol and flavonoid content, as well as the pH of eight green tea-based kombuchas.
Bifunctional PtAg-enabled oscillation electrorefining of PET waste-derived ethylene glycol and water for rapid glycolic acid and H2 coproduction
Authors: Hu Xin , Liao Luliang , Yang Li-Ming , Xia Bao Yu , You Bo
Published: February 2025

An innovative pair-electrosynthesis system based on PtAg/NF bifunctional electrocatalyst-driven oscillation electrolysis is reported for rapid and selective coproduction of glycolic acid (GA) and H2 from PET waste-derived EG and water.
Photocatalytic hydro-fluorosulfonylation of alkenes with N-fluorosulfonyl aldimines
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Wang Sheng-Cai , Chen Qi-Long , Zhang Zi-Yan , Xiong Yan-Shi , Lu Gui , Weng Jiang
Published: February 2025

We report a photocatalytic hydro-fluorosulfonylation of alkenes enabled by using N-fluorosulfonyl aldimines (NFSAs) as readily available fluorosulfonylation reagents.
High intermediate precision rhenium isotopic measurements in geological samples
Authors: Liu Jinhua , Zhou Lian , Wang Xiang , Li Jianwei , Algeo Thomas J. , Deng Xiaodong
Published: February 2025

An efficient protocol for rhenium isotope measurement in low-abundance geological samples.
No significant crystal orientation effect during sulfur isotope analysis of marcasite using SIMS
Authors: Li Rucao , Yan Jinyu , Yu Jianwei , Wang Xiao-Lei , Yang Tao , Qian Shengping , Wang Chengming , Xian Haiyang
Published: February 2025

No significant crystal orientation effect during SIMS sulfur isotope analysis of marcasite.
Precision single cell analysis to characterize host dependent antimicrobial response heterogeneity in physiological medium
Authors: Abe Ryuichiro , Lee Jyong-Huei , Chin Siew Mei , Ram-Mohan Nikhil , Tjandra Kristel C. , Bobenchik April M. , Mach Kathleen E. , Liao Joseph C. , Wong Pak Kin , Yang Samuel
Published: February 2025

We highlight the interindividual heterogeneity in pathogen killing kinetics by physiological concentrations of antibiotics in urine and develop a microfluidic device capable of tracking single-cell trajectories while allowing for reagent exchange.
Origin and enhancement of magnetoresistance in antiferromagnetic tunnel junctions: spin channel selection rules
Authors: Liu Xiao , Yu Guorong , He Keqian , Xiao Yuxiang , Zhu Sicong , Shen Lei
Published: February 2025

Schematic diagram of a model for spin polarization of an antiferromagnetic tunnel junction caused by an inclined interface.
Hierarchical mesoporous Mn2O3/NiO/Co3O4 nanocubes derived from Prussian blue analogues for high performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Song , Li Bingge , Sun Ziwei , Liu Xiaojie
Published: February 2025

Novel hierarchical Mn2O3/NiO/Co3O4 nanocubes composed of nanoparticles were obtained by calcinating a PBA precursor. The effects of heating temperature and phase composition on the electrochemical performance were systematically investigated.
High-performance hydrogen generation via activated Al–Bi2Se3 composite materials
Authors: Li Huashuan , Liao Lumin , Zhou Tianhao , Ren Kaixiang , Han Shichang , Zhu Tianyu
Published: February 2025

Al-based composites have emerged as promising hydrogen generation materials due to their high yield and low cost.
Novel Janus nanomachine based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles anisotropically modified with PAMAM dendrimers for enzyme controlled drug delivery
Authors: Mayol Beatriz , García Díez Esther , Hoppe Alexander , Espejo Lucía , Muñoz Miranda , González-Jiménez Marta , Villalonga Anabel , Moreno Teresa , Sánchez Alfredo , Vilela Diana , Martinez-Quiles Narcisa , Villalonga Reynaldo , Martínez-Ruiz Paloma
Published: February 2025

A masking/toposelective modification approach was employed to prepare a new organic-inorganic Janus nanomaterial by attaching ethylenediamine core polyamidoamine G-4.5 dendrimers to a defined face of mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The anisotropic...
Microstructure modulation improving the stability performance of a Bi anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Yi-wen , Yang Cheng-Lu , Guo Jun , Chen Bu-Ming , Huang Hui , Xu Rui-dong
Published: February 2025

Metallic Bi is a classic metal-type anode material characterized by its high volume-specific capacity (3785 mA h cm−3) and theoretical specific capacity (386 mA h g−1).
Twist angle dependent high degree of anisotropic emission and phonon scattering in WS2/NbOCl2 heterostructures
Authors: Xu Mingyi , Yang Xinhui , Guo Xiao , Jiang Jie , Chen Shula , Zhu Mengjian , Dai Jiayu , Guo Fangyu , Yuan Xiaoming
Published: February 2025

van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures provide a superior platform to combine different low-dimensional materials together to tune their physical properties for different types of applications.
Facile fabrication of a novel chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose/bentonite/CuO nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial applications
Authors: Khandelwal Manisha , Soni Kanchan , Misra Kamakhya Prakash , Bagaria Ashima , Rathore Devendra Singh , Pemawat Gangotri , Singh Ravindra , Khangarot Rama Kanwar
Published: February 2025

The green synthesized hybrid nanocomposite CS/CMC/BN/CuO NC exhibited remarkable photocatalytic efficiency and outstanding antibacterial properties. Hence, this hybrid nanocomposite holds significant potential for wastewater treatment applications.
Single-molecule detection of oligonucleotides using the fluorescent nucleobase analogue ABN
Authors: Samaan George N. , Jimenez Salinas Andres , Bailie Alexandra E. , Grim Julian , Cizmic Julian M. , Jones Anita C. , Lee Youngkwang , Purse Byron W.
Published: February 2025

We investigate the fluorescent pyrimidine analogue ABN in duplex DNA oligonucleotides, showing that ABN is unique among fluorescent nucleobase analogues in enabling single-molecule fluorescence studies of oligonucleotides using standard equipment.
Mechanistic study of PFAS adsorption using a QPPTA linked viologen-modified covalent organic framework
Authors: Zarei Amin , Khazdooz Leila , Zadehnazari Amin , Amirjalayer Saeed , Addicoat Matthew A. , Khosropour Ahmadreza , Abbaspourrad Alireza
Published: February 2025

VZ-COF was synthesized from a new aromatic tetraamine linker and Zincke salt. VZ-COF features hydrogen-bond acceptor sites, positively charged functional groups and hydrophobic regions that enhance its ability to adsorb PFAS.
Promoting electrochemical CO2 reduction by pyridinium in the secondary coordination sphere of copper-sites anchored on a covalent organic framework
Authors: Liu Chang , Wang Linqin , Zhou Xiaoxue , Zhao Ziqi , Ning Hongxia , Zhang Peili , Li Fei , Sun Licheng , Li Fusheng
Published: February 2025

A bipyridine-containing covalent organic framework was prepared by the Zincke reaction, and modified with copper ions for highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction.
Dual-functional guanosine-based hydrogel: high-efficiency protection in radiation-induced oral mucositis
Authors: Ding Zihan , Hu Xiaopei , Liang Wenhui , Zheng Shuhao , Luo Xiaobo , Zhao Hang
Published: February 2025

This dual-functional supramolecular hydrogel represents a promising clinical strategy for preventing radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM).
Multilevel carbon composite construction of NASICON-type NaVPO4F/C/CNT cathode material for enhanced-performance sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Tang Kang , Tian Hualing , Zhang Yanhui , Cai Yanjun , Du Hong , Zhu Mofan , Yao Xiang , Su Zhi
Published: February 2025

NVPF/C/CNT composites with a multilevel carbon structure were synthesized using the sol-gel method. This structure restricted particle growth, increased surface area, and reduced degradation.
Advancements and hurdles in contact engineering for miniaturized sub-micrometer oxide semiconductor devices
Authors: Jeong Joo Hee , Oh Jeong Eun , Kim Dongseon , Ha Daewon , Jeong Jae Kyeong
Published: February 2025

For DRAM node downscaling, planar oxide-channel transistors must transition to VCT. This review explores strategies to reduce contact resistance, including conductive region formation, n+ layer insertion, metal selection, and surface engineering.
Expression of concern: The behavior of Ni nanotubes under the influence of environments with different acidities
Authors: Kutuzau Maksim D. , Kaniukov Egor Yu. , Shumskaya Elena E. , Bundyukova Victoria D. , Kalkabay Gulnar R. , Zdorovets Maxim V. , Borgekov Daryn B. , Kozlovskiy Artem L.
Published: February 2025

Expression of Concern for ‘The behavior of Ni nanotubes under the influence of environments with different acidities’ by Maksim D. Kutuzau et al., CrystEngComm, 2018, 20, 3258–3266, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CE00362A.
Surface brightness-colour relations of dwarf stars from detached eclipsing binaries
Authors: Graczyk D. , Pietrzyński G. , Galan C. , Miller N. , Gieren W. , Zgirski B. , Hajdu G. , Kałuszyński M. , Chini R. , Gallenne A. , Górski M. , Karczmarek P. , Kervella P. , Kicia M. , Maxted P. F. L. , Nardetto N. , Narloch W. , Pilecki B. , Pych W. , Rojas García G. , Smolec R. , Suchomska K. , Taormina M. , Wielgórski P.
Published: February 2025

Aims. Surface brightness-colour relations (SBCRs) are useful tools for predicting the angular diameters of stars. They offer the possibility to calculate precise spectrophotometric distances based on the eclipsing binary method or the Baade–Wesselink method. Double-lined detached eclipsing binary stars (SB2 DEBs), with precisely known trigonometric parallaxes, allow us to calibrate SBCRs with a high level of precision. To improve such calibrations, it is important to supplement the sample of suitable eclipsing binaries with precisely determined physical parameters.

Methods. We selected ten SB2 DEBs within 0.8 kpc of the Sun, which feature components of spectral types ranging from B9 to K3. We analysed their TESS and Kepler K2 space-based photometry simultaneously with the radial velocities derived from HARPS spectra using the Wilson–Devinney code. The disentangled spectra of DEBs were used to derive atmospheric parameters of their components by applying the GSSP code. The direct effective temperatures were also calculated using spectral energy distribution analysis. The O–C diagrams of the minima times were investigated to detect long-term period changes or apsidal motions.

Results. Most of the systems are composed of significantly unequal components, with mass ratios as low as ~0.5. We derived precise masses, radii, and surface temperatures for them, along with their metallicities. The average precision of mass and radii determinations is 0.3% and 1.4%, respectively, for the surface temperature. The spectroscopic and photometric temperatures of the components are usually consistent to within 100 K, but in some systems, the difference is much larger. The components of HD 149946 show the highest difference (up to 400 K), while the atmospheric models favour different surface metallicities. We also provide an updated calibration of the equivalent width of the interstellar sodium D1 line and the reddening E(B–V).
Position of X-ray low surface brightness clusters in the cosmic filament network
Authors: Zarattini S. , Andreon S. , Puddu E.
Published: February 2025

Aims. The aim of this work is to study the position of gas-rich and gas-poor galaxy clusters within the large-scale structure and, in particular, their distance to filaments.

Methods. Our sample is built from 29 of the 34 clusters in the X-ray unbiased cluster sample (XUCS), a velocity-dispersion-selected sample for which various properties, including masses, gas fractions, and X-ray surface brightness, are available in the literature. We computed the projected distance between each cluster and the spine of the nearest filament with the same redshift, and we investigated the link between this distance and the previously mentioned properties of the clusters, in particular their gas content.

Results. The average distance between clusters and filaments is larger for low X-ray surface brightness clusters than for those of high surface brightness, with intermediate brightness clusters being an intermediate case. The minimum distance follows a similar trend, with rare cases of low surface brightness clusters found at distances smaller than 2 Mpc from the spine of filaments. However, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistical test is not able to exclude the null hypothesis that the two distributions come from the same parent one. We speculate that the position of galaxy clusters within the cosmic web could have a direct impact on their gas mass fraction and hence on their X-ray surface brightness since the presence of a filament can hinder the outward flow of gas induced by the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) and reduce the time required for this gas to fall inward after the AGN is shut. However, a larger sample of clusters is needed in order to derive a statistically robust conclusion.
X-ray polarization from accretion disk winds
Authors: Nitindala Anagha P. , Veledina Alexandra , Poutanen Juri
Published: February 2025

X-ray polarimetry is a fine tool for probing the accretion geometry and physical processes operating in the proximity of compact objects, such as black holes and neutron stars. Recent discoveries made by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer question our understanding of the accretion picture. The observed high levels of X-ray polarization in X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei are challenging to achieve within the conventional scenarios. We investigate the possibility that a fraction (or even all) of the observed polarized signal arises from scattering in the equatorial accretion disk winds, the slow and extended outflows, which are often detected in these systems via spectroscopic means. We find that wind scattering can reproduce the levels of polarization that are observed in these sources.
Discovery of ionized circumstellar gas emission around the long-period Cepheid ℓ Carinae with ALMA
Authors: Hocdé V. , Kamiński T. , Lewis M. , Nardetto N. , Kervella P. , Pietrzyński G.
Published: February 2025

Cepheid circumstellar emissions have previously been detected using both infrared (IR) excess and IR interferometric observations at a few stellar radii. These studies have shown that these circumstellar emission can be produced by ionized gas, however, there is no direct observational evidence to confirm this hypothesis. In this letter, we explore the continuum emission and a spectrum of the bright and long-period Cepheid ℓ Car (P = 35.56 day) at millimeter-wavelengths to detect possible effects of ionized gas emission. We used ALMA observations of ℓ Car in two spectral setups in Band 6 (near 212 and 253 GHz, respectively) and compared the measured flux density to what would be expected for the stellar continuum. We also derived the spectral index and probed the presence of radio recombination lines (RRLs). We report statistically significant emission of about 3.5 mJy in the two spectral ranges, which is about 2.5 times the stellar continuum emission. For the first time, we have also been able to derive the spectral index of the flux density, (Sν ∝ να), α = +1.26 ± 0.44 (∼3σ error), which is characteristic of partially optically thick, ionized gas emission. Additionally, we discovered an emission line from a RRL of hydrogen H29α centered on the stellar rest velocity, smaller in spatial extent than about 0″​.2 (≲100 AU), with a symmetric profile with a width at half power of 55.3 ± 7.5 km s−1 (1σ error). These findings confirm the presence of ionized gas emission near ℓ Car. The millimeter emission detected from ℓ Car can be attributed to ionized gas emission from the Cepheid’s chromosphere. Further radio interferometric observations are necessary to confirm the occurrence of these ionized gas envelopes around Cepheids of different pulsation periods.
Extreme thermal load generation method for high-temperature structures in atmospheric environment
Authors: WANG Binwen , ZHANG Yi , QIN Qiang , CHEN Hong , WU Jingtao
Published: February 2025

For addressing the severe aerodynamic thermal load simulation challenge of hypersonic aircraft in ground tests, an extreme thermal load generation method based graphite for high-temperature structures in atmospheric environment is proposed. Firstly, a thermal stress relief design method of graphite heating elements has been developed to ensure the integrity of graphite heating elements during high-power heating. Secondly, a method of creating closed transparent environment for graphite heating elements has been developed, with double-layer gas film cooling, which avoids severe oxidation of graphite heating elements in contact with oxygen at high temperatures and achieves the application of large heat flux loads in the atmospheric environment. Finally, a modular graphite ultra-high temperature heating device was developed based on the above method, and heating capacity tests were conducted on C/SiC test pieces in atmospheric environment. The research shows that the modular graphite ultra-high temperature heating device has the ultra-high temperature heating ability in atmospheric environments, with maximum radiation heat flux of 1.38 MW/m2, hot surface temperature of around 1 800 ℃, and the temperature rise rate can reach 40.3 ℃/s, providing technical conditions for the thermal test of hypersonic aircraft structure.
Study on construction and identification of dynamic model of precooler in aviation bleed air system
Authors: SHI Zhouzheng , DONG Minghao , LIU Qi , LUO Ziyan , WANG Hongbo , QIN Xiansheng , WANG Zhanxi
Published: February 2025

The bleed air from the aircraft engine, serving as the hot-end gas, is pre-cooled through the bleed air system, and subsequently used for cabin temperature regulation and wing anti-freezing. To implement digital intelligent control and enhance the aircraft bleed air system's performance, the identification of dynamic parameters in the system's precooler model is studied. The finite element method was used to establish the partial differential equation of the heat exchange mechanism, and the heat exchange mechanism of the precooler was analyzed. By establishing the partial differential equations of the heat side, cold side, and partition of the precooler, the influencing factors of the heat exchange performance were analyzed. Finally, by identifying the time constants of the precooler under 36 working conditions, a 36-point orthogonal experiment was constructed to fit the time constant of the precooler, which was then compared with the actual measured results. This verified the fitting accuracy and realism of the dynamic model, which can be used for simulation experiments and controller design.
Integrated sliding mode control of robot manipulator based on fuzzy adaptive RBF
Authors: FENG Jiaqing , ZHANG Lei , TIAN Dongyu
Published: February 2025

To solve the uncertainty of the parameters of the manipulator dynamics model, the control accuracy and convergence rate of the system affected by the joint friction and external interference, a compound control strategy based on the manipulator dynamics model is proposed. Firstly, a modified power-of-two convergence law is used and combined with an integral sliding mode to design a sliding mode control term to shorten the convergence of the tracking error. Secondly, the approximations of the uncertain variables of the dynamical model are accomplished by using the three sets of RBF neural networks and introducing an adaptive mechanism for online self-tuning of weights, the approximation errors of the RBF neural networks are compensated by using the sliding-mode control term designed in the previous section. Finally, the fuzzy controllers are utilized to calculate the coupled joint friction and outside disturbances. The simulation works show that comparing with the chunked RBF neural network to approximate the sliding mode control logy, the proposed hybrid control theory reduces the mechanical arm joint angular rate response time by 39.4%, the largest solid-state error was cut by 76.8%, and the medium-sized solid-state error was cut by 62.7%, improved control preciseness and the responsiveness of the spatial trajectory tracking of the manipulator arm's joints.