bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultural Evolutionary Neuroscience
Authors: Uchiyama Ryutaro , Muthukrishna Michael
Published: December 2019

Cultural evolution and cultural neuroscience are complementary approaches to understanding the origins and function of cross-cultural differences in psychology. Cultural evolution, and Dual Inheritance Theory more generally, offers a theoretical framework for understanding cultural transmission and cultural change and how these can change gene frequencies. However, these theories have largely ignored the details of the minds engaging in these processes. Cultural evolutionary models tend to treat the brain as a black-box. Cultural neuroscience offers a rich toolkit for examining how cross-cultural psychological differences manifest at a neurological level. However, these tools have largely been used to document differences between populations. Cultural neuroscience tends to ignore why we should expect these differences or how to identify if they are meaningful. We review work in each field to carve a pathway for a productive synthesis. This cultural evolutionary neuroscience will benefit both fields and lead to a more complete understanding of human culture.
錯視と圏論
Authors: Takahashi Kohske
Published: December 2019

Tsuchiya and Saigo (2019) proposed the idea that the category theory is the powerful tool for scientific approach towards the mystery of consciousness. Perception, illusion, and consciousness are closely related, and so they also analyzed how to understand the phenomena in some types of visual illusion in terms of the category theory. In this commentary, I discuss about some perceptual phenomena and their theories, such as visual illusion, perceptual constancy, bistable figures, and ill-posed problem of perception, and the limitation of the current theory. Although the power of category theory in the cognitive science is still unclear, I also discuss the potential of category theory to understand illusion and perception from different viewpoint than the existing theories.
The Affective Benefits of Nature Exposure: What’s Nature Got to Do with It?
Authors: Meidenbauer Kimberly Lewis , Stenfors Cecilia , Bratman Gregory N. , Gross James , Schertz Kathryn E , Choe Kyoung Whan , Berman Marc
Published: December 2019

Nature interactions have been demonstrated to produce reliable affective benefits. While adults demonstrate strong preferences for natural environments over urban ones, it is not clear whether these affective benefits result from exposure to nature stimuli per se, or result from viewing a highly preferred stimulus. In one set of studies (Study 1 and 2), state affect before and after image viewing was examined as a function of both preference level (high, low, very high, or very low aesthetic value) and environment type (nature or urban). When aesthetic value was matched, no differences in affect change were found between environments. However, affect change was predicted by individual participants’ ratings for the images. The largest affective benefits occurred after viewing very high aesthetic nature images, but Study 2 lacked an equivalently preferred urban image set. In a second set of studies (Study 3 and 4), new sets of very highly preferred images in categories other than nature scenes (urban scenes and animals) were employed. As before, individual differences in preference for the images (but not image category) was predictive of changes in affect. In Study 5, the nature and urban images from Study 1were rated on beauty to assess whether the stimuli’s preference ratings were capturing anything other than simple aesthetics. Results showed that beauty/aesthetics and preference (‘liking’) were nearly identical. Lastly, a replication of Study 2 (Study 6) was conducted to test whether priming preference accounted for these benefits, but this was not the case. Together, these results suggest that nature improves affective state because it is such a highly preferred environment.
Using spectral blurring to assess effects of channel interaction on speech-in-noise perception with cochlear implants
Authors: Goehring Tobias , Arenberg Julie G. , Carlyon Robert P.
Published: December 2019

Cochlear implant (CI) listeners struggle to understand speech in background noise. Interactions between electrode channels due to current spread increase the masking of speech by noise and lead to difficulties with speech perception. Strategies that reduce channel interaction therefore have the potential to improve speech-in-noise perception by CI listeners, but previous results have been mixed. We investigated the effects of channel interaction on speech-in-noise perception and its association with spectro-temporal acuity in a listening study with 12 CI users. Instead of attempting to reduce channel interaction, we introduced spectral blurring to simulate some of the effects of channel interaction by adjusting the overlap between electrode channels at the input level of the analysis filters or at the output by using several simultaneously-stimulated electrodes per channel. We measured speech reception thresholds in noise as a function of the amount of blurring applied to either all 15 electrode channels or to 5 evenly spaced channels. Performance remained roughly constant as the amount of blurring applied to all channels increased up to some knee point, above which it deteriorated. This knee point differed across listeners in a way that correlated with performance on a non-speech spectro-temporal task, and is proposed here as an individual measure of channel interaction. Surprisingly, even extreme amounts of blurring applied to 5 channels did not affect performance. The effects on speech perception in noise were similar for blurring at the input and at the output of the CI. These results confirm the assumption that CI users make use of a limited number of effective channels, are highly resilient against spectral distortions and can tolerate substantial deviations from their everyday settings without harming their speech perception. These findings may explain the mixed results by strategies that optimized or deactivated a small number of electrodes evenly distributed along the array.
Causal Conditionals, Tendency Causal Claims and Statistical Relevance
Authors: Sikorski Michal , van Dongen Noah N'Djaye Nikolai , Sprenger Jan
Published: December 2019

Indicative conditionals and tendency causal claims are closely related to each other (e.g., Frosch and Byrne 2012), but despite these connections, they are usually studied separately. A unifiying framework could consist in their dependence on probabilistic factors such as statistical relevance, but theoretical research along these lines (e.g., Eells 1991; Douven 2008, 2016) needs to be strengthened by more empirical results. This paper closes that gap and presents empirical results on how judgments on tendency causal claims and indicative conditionals are driven by probabilistic factors, and how these factors (in particular statistical relevance) differ in their predictive power for both causal and conditional claims.
Physical inactivity: A behavioral disorder in the physical therapist’s scope of practice
Authors: Boisgontier Matthieu P , Iversen Maura
Published: December 2019

Physical activity is considered a strategy to improve health. This reasoning implies that physical inactivity is the reference behavior, which is not the case. In health, the gold standard is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.1 Physical inactivity involves a higher risk of cardiovascular disease2, hypertension3, diabetes2,4, cancer5, depression6, and obesity7. Moreover, 6 to 10% of all deaths from non-communicable diseases worldwide can be attributed to physical inactivity.8 Therefore, physically active individuals appear to be closer to the health gold standard than inactive individuals. Physical activity – not inactivity – should be the standard reference behavior. In this reversed framework, physical inactivity becomes a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's behavior, which is the definition of a behavioral disorder.9 Therefore, physical inactivity should be treated as such.
Security for Enhancing Peace and Stability in Changing Context of Nepal
Authors: Upreti Bishnu Raj
Published: December 2019

The world is facing new security challenges in 21st century that has forced global and national security actors to think differently. Unconventional security issues such as resource scarcity, climate change effects, livelihood insecurity, environmental insecurity, food and water insecurity, health insecurity, natural calamities and disasters, pandemic diseases, etc. are now integral part of security going beyond conventional security issue of protecting sovereignty and territory of the state. Further, Nepal has also specific geopolitical and geo-strategic issues and challenges emerged from the Sino-Indian dynamics. Global economic and strategic power is shifting from US to China and therefore China will be most influential in the world order in coming few decades. Similarly, India is also rapidly expanding its influence in global and regional sphere. Hence, small countries like Nepal will have both negative and potentially positive efforts (economically, politically, strategically) to deal in the changing global order (protecting national interests in a situation of aggressive approaches of old and emerging powers) in the context of China-India revelry. As Nepal is having rapid change in political and strategic sphere advancement of security sector is eminent. However, dealing with new security challenges requires enabling environment (favourable legal-regulatory provisions, supportive institutional arrangement, required resources, investing in capacity development especially in education and research, developing sound intelligence and integrating security policy with international relations, economic development and social services). Hence, it is essential to expand security discourse and engage citizen to develop ownership, strengthen the National Security Council, create enabling environment (developing relevant policy and strategies, promulgation of laws and development of rules and procedures, creating responsive institutional mechanisms, developing capabilities, making required resources available, parliamentary oversight and monitoring provisions, invest in security research and education) to address emerging new security challenges of the 21st century.
A Relationship between Natural Disaster and Poverty
Authors: Awasthi P.R.
Published: December 2019

This paper aims to discuss the impact of a disaster on the lives and livelihood and how it contributes to poverty. For this purpose, two major disasters in recent history were taken as reference. The common approach in defining and measuring poverty is the monetary approach; often disaster has seen only a matter of humanitarian importance. Nepal as a prone to different kinds of natural disasters has a significant impact on lives and livelihood as well. Despite this fact, poverty is narrowly defined. As there is a significant linkage between disaster risk and poverty, the poverty-related discussions must incorporate the impact and risk of disaster while formulating poverty reduction related policies.
Shifting Security Paradigm in Contemporary Era: Role of Law Enforcement Agencies
Authors: Pandit Sudip
Published: December 2019

In setting of today’s security challenges, striving for sound policing of military character through paramilitary, auxiliary and armed police forces has usurped. The law enforcement agencies are engaged to curb the security threats at realm of dynamic security challenges. The changing perspectives of security scenario along with modern security challenges like terrorism, out and in migration, armed activities and actions of non-state actors are very common to states. The security challenges due to the increase in terrorism, extremism, armed conflict, insurgency, civil war, cyber threats, and non-state actor’s activities, are some of the looming security concerns affecting effectiveness and efficacy of the law enforcement agencies. This research is conducted by applying descriptive research method and secondary sources to identify the perspectives of modern-day security situation and role of law enforcement agencies to combat these challenges. This paper highlights the contemporary security challenges contextualized at the global realm to offer possible future strategies in general for the security agencies within and outside the country.
City Centric Migration and Security Concern in Nepal
Authors: Khadka Rajendra
Published: December 2019

This article tends to focus on the trend of internal migration and its security concern in Nepal. There are different social and security concerns of migration which are not taken seriously. The repercussion might be in different fields and effects can be seen after short or long epoch. Migration and its linkage with the security are varied. It is the subject of interest for people who want to develop and make their birth land, village or cities prosperous. Current tendency of migration in Nepal indicates that the extensive outmigration of people to foreign countries is either for job or to study. Effects on migrants and communities they leave, rural to urban migration, differ according to the type of migrants, the volume of migration, and the nature of the places involved. The volume is increasing in recent days that people are migrating from rural to urban part of country even in district level. Migrants leaving rural areas are not generally replaced by other migrants. This loss of population in the rural areas and their potential contributions affects the dependency ratio, rates of unemployment and underemployment, levels of human capital, and potential for innovation. This article examines the pattern of migration and also it tries to explore the push and pull factors of migration. The security concerns of migrationऽ which involves different forms like human security, physical security, environmental security etc are analyzed in this article.
Epidemiology, clinical treatment patterns, and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma in Manitoba
Authors: Hanumanthappa Nikesh , Cho Byung Heon , McKay Andrew , Peretz David , Y Minuk Gerald , Lambert Pascal , Nashed Maged
Published: December 2019

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a very poor survival rate, especially for those who do not receive a potentially curative therapy. Methods: Treatment details were collected for 320 HCC patients diagnosed in Manitoba between January 2011 and December 2015. Patients had a mean age of 67.3 years, and 71.6% were men. Of these patients, 67 (20.9%) received curative treatment, 36 (11.3%) received non-curative treatment, and 217 (67.8%) received supportive care only; 71.3% of patients had liver cirrhosis. Alcoholic cirrhosis was the most common etiology of chronic liver disease (22.2%). Results: Those who received curative treatment had a significantly lower incidence of portal vein thrombosis and multinodular disease than those in other groups. Patients who received supportive care only had a higher incidence of ascites. We found no difference in the distribution of cirrhosis or portal hypertension among the treatment groups. The 2- and 5-year overall survival rates for the whole cohort were 27% and 14%, respectively. No significant change was found in 2-year survival for patients diagnosed in each year from 2011 to 2015 ( p = 0.250). Also, we found no significant change in proportion of treatment given to patients over the same period ( p = 0.432). Conclusion: The poor survival rate of HCC patients in Manitoba could potentially be improved by maximizing the use of local therapy and by implementing multidisciplinary–based case discussion. Efforts should also be directed toward early management of infective, alcoholic, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which will, we hope, lead to a reduction in the incidence of HCC.
CFD code-to-code benchmarking on simulation of fire and smoke propagation for nuclear applications
Authors: Chen Q. , Podila K. , Rao Y. F. , Sun L. , Pfeiffer P.
Published: December 2019

The nuclear industry has seen an increased use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technology as a high-fidelity tool for design-basis and beyond design-basis accident simulations. For fire hazards, detailed experimental investigation in a realistic environment is often impractical. Therefore, the use of an advanced 3D CFD modeling approach to predict smoke and fire propagation has risen, especially for nuclear power plant fire modeling applications. CFD simulations can include major contributing and mitigating mechanisms regarding the fire propagation and its consequences, in fine detail and under realistic geometry conditions. In addition, accurate simulations of unsteady 3D fire and smoke spread, in conjunction with evacuation analyses, can be used to establish effective emergency evacuation strategies. In the present study, the fire and smoke propagation in a main control room was modelled using Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equation based twoequation turbulence models and a Large Eddy Simulation model implemented in a commercial CFD code, Siemens STAR-CCM+. The predictions from STAR-CCM+ were compared with those obtained in a previous study using the NIST Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) code. Although higher temperature was predicted at the fire source by STAR-CCM+, the current study predicted trends similar to the FDS results with some minor differences at the operator location. A follow-up study is currently underway to investigate the factors affecting the differences, including further assessment of codes against available benchmark experiments.
CONTENTS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONCEPT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE
Authors:   Полтавський національний педагогічний університет  імені В.Г. Короленка, NAHORNA N.
Published: December 2019

The article analyzes the scientific sources on the interpretation of the terms "competence" and "competence" in the theory of education. The results of the analysis of different approaches of foreign and domestic researchers to interpret the concepts of "competence", "competence" and "professional competence" are substantiated. According to the normative documents, today there is a need to introduce a competent approach to the field of education, the newest methods and technologies of training, innovative approaches to training future specialists in terms of not just a set of knowledge, skills but also as a set of competences and abilities of a graduate to realize work tasks. Given the growing demand for young competent professionals in today's job market, most scholars emphasize the need to train them on the basis of a competency-based approach. Subject technological and technological competence develops in object-transformative design and technological activity. Actually for this reason, the basic core of modern labor training in the main school is the design and technological activity as a universal method of cognition and transformation of reality: from thought to its realization. In the course of this work creative thinking of students is formed, their ability to solve problems in various fields of activity. The key educational product of any student in the course of labor training is the developed design and technological competence – the conscious possession of methods and operations of design and technological activities for the effective solution of the problem (creation and production of the object of labor) in social and communicative interaction with others. Key words: competence, competence, knowledge, skills, skills.
ORIGINS AND CURRENT STATE OF UKRAINIAN PEDAGOGY OF SPIRITUALITY
Authors:   Маріупольський державний університет, TSYBULKO O.
Published: December 2019

Different historical times shape different conditions of social expectoration concerning the person who needs to be prepared for life by means of education and culture, education and upbringing. Accordingly, requirements for the purpose, content, orientation, methodology and method of activity of these means, the nature of their functioning in the general mechanism of socialization of personality are formed. Following the historical change of paradigms of pedagogical thought and action, it is easy to see that with the change of epochs in the evolutionary process of civilization growth, they are increasingly approaching man in the fullness of its physical and spiritual perfection. The indicated approximation is not straightforward, but as a gradual break, not by the model “bottom-up” but by spiral circles, each of which allegedly repeats the previous one, but at a higher level. This is how the general history of humanity moves, and with it – the history of pedagogical thought and action. The Ancient Age, for example, went down in the history of pedagogical thought as a pedagogy of human nature correspondence; medieval – as her (human) godly conformity. The Renaissance brought man back to his «natural dimensions»; Enlightenment gave humanity respect for the mind of knowing the world around. New times have left the history of pedagogy of the formation of a gentleman (citizen); the bourgeois era affirmed the pedagogy of pragmatism; the era of social revolutions – the pedagogy of class struggle, the logic of training the revolutionary. The era of scientific and technological progress formed a kind of pedagogy of technocratism. Our times require and shape the pedagogy of spirituality, which brings man to man closer, unites them with universal values, a global outlook on the future. Therefore, the modern existence of mankind, on the one hand, will set reasonable limits for globalization; on the other, it will provide an awareness of the «national» as an extension and deepening of the sphere of existence of the common. The modern existence of humanity is the existence of people in their spiritual unity, which only the pedagogy of spirituality can provide by educating each individual in the context of the unity of universal and national values, traditions and priorities. Key words: spirituality, education, spiritual values, education, pedagogy of spirituality.
Mini-invasive methods of treatment of diabetic foot pain
Authors: Dmytriiev Dmytro , Lysak Yevhenii , Glazov Yevhenii , Geranin Stanislav , Zaletska Olesia
Published: December 2019

Neuropathic pain occurs with diabetic polyneuropathy more often than with all polyneuropathies of another etiology. Because the cause of pain can rarely be cured, treatment is usually symptomatic. Neuropathic pain is usually poorly controlled by analgesics. Management of neuropathic pain is started with conservative pharmacotherapy before invasive pain management is applied. Although there are many drugs that can be used in patients with diabetic pain syndrome, pain syndrome can not be surely stoped with monotherapy. In addition, the patient may not tolerate the full therapeutic dose of the drug.

All this dictates the need for combination therapy. It is believed that regional anesthesia as an independent type of analgesia or a component of combined anesthesia is the method of choice for the elderly and senile patients. The main reasons for this choice, when comparing regional anesthesia with narcosis, are less stressful response of the organism, absence of depression of the central nervous system, stable reliable analgesia with complete blockade of nociceptive reflexes with the provision of adequate muscle relaxation, prevention of neurovegetative reactions, which ultimately helps to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications and mortality. Clinicians have accumulated considerable experience demonstrating the need for regional analgesia in the management of diabetic foot pain.
Ochrona praw dzieci w prawie polskim i międzynarodowym w kontekście ochrony ich zdrowia
Authors: Zdyb Marian
Published: December 2019

Nie ulega wątpliwości, że najbardziej kluczowym i fundamentalnym prawem człowieka jest prawo do ochrony życia i zdrowia człowieka. Szczególnie ważne znaczenie ma odniesienie tegoż prawa do życia i zdrowia do dzieci. Mając na uwadze dziecko, podkreślić należy, że jest nim istota ludzka od momentu poczęcia (a więc także w fazie prenatalnej) aż do uzyskania pełnoletniości ( co do zasady jest to wiek 18 lat). Prawa te mają charakter pierwotny, co oznacza, że państwo ich nie nadaje, ma jednak obowiązek stworzyć warunki do ich optymalnej realizacji. Szereg praw w tej materii potwierdzone zostało w Konstytucji RP, w której zwraca się uwagę na wyjątkowe obowiązki państwa i każdego ochrony prawa do życia i zdrowia  i zapewnienia optymalnych warunków w zakresie ich zabezpieczenia, w tym praw dziecka jako pacjenta. Problem ten w szerokim zakresie został uregulowany w szeregu aktach prawa międzynarodowego, gdzie na szczególne podkreślenie zasługuje Konwencja o ochronie praw dziecka. Podstawowe jednak zadanie ciąży w tym zakresie na ustawodawcy krajowym. Mimo, że aktualnie w Polsce problematyka ta regulowana była w bardzo wielu ustawach, dotyczących ochrony zdrowia (a przez to życia)  przyjąć należy, że mamy aktualnie do czynienia z sytuacją wysoce niezadawalającą. Stąd też od ustawodawcy wymagać należy wytężonej pracy w kierunku zmiany takiej sytuacji. Jest to niewątpliwie w interesie państwa i obywateli.
Okoliczności usprawiedliwiające stan silnego wzburzenia przy zabójstwie z afektu
Authors: Zaborska Katarzyna
Published: December 2019

Przedmiotem niniejszego opracowania jest analiza okoliczności usprawiedliwiających stan silnego wzburzenia – jednego ze znamion uregulowanego w art. 148 § 4 k.k. przestępstwa zabójstwa z afektu. Zwrócono uwagę przede wszystkim na potencjalne problemy interpretacyjne, jakich może dostarczać wykładnia omawianego pojęcia, a także na praktyczny aspekt omawianej instytucji, jak chociażby kolejność dokonywania przez organy wymiaru sprawiedliwości stosownych ustaleń. Zdaniem autorki, nie można stworzyć wyczerpującego katalogu okoliczności, które w każdym przypadku zostaną uznane za usprawiedliwiające afekt. Ocena ta każdorazowo powinna być dokonywana in concreto, na bazie danego układu sytuacyjnego.
Barbarzyńcy w "Vita Epifani" Ennodiusza z Pawii
Authors: Skibiński Tomasz
Published: December 2019

Artykuł przedstawia obraz i miejsce barbarzyńców w społeczeństwie późnoantycznym, w świetle dzieła Ennodiusza (Magnus Felix Ennodius) Vita Epifani. Analiza dzieła, a przede wszystkim misji dyplomatycznych pełnionych przez biskupa Epifaniusza, ukazuje świat drugiej połowy V w. współtworzony przez Rzymian i barbarzyńców, w którym ci ostatni mają swoje niezbywalne miejsce. Nie są w nim już gośćmi i przybyszami, ale współgospodarzami i współtwórcami nowej społeczności późnego antyku. Dzieło Ennodiusza jawi się jako wezwanie skierowane do kleru i arystokracji rzymskiej do współpracy z nowymi ludami obecnymi na dawnych terenach rzymskich i ich władcami. Dzieło rysuje też nowy obraz posługi biskupiej, skupionej na budowaniu nowej społeczności gromadzącej Rzymian i barbarzyńców. Ennodiusz biskup-dyplomata prowadzi działalność religijną, unikając przy tym kontrowersyjnych kwestii relacji z arianizmem, zwraca uwagę na działalność społeczną i polityczną wobec słabnącej władzy cywilnej.
Synody w Afryce Prokonsularnej III wieku jako przejaw kolegialności biskupów w świetle Kanonów synodalnych i Listów św. Cypriana z Kartaginy
Authors: Strękowski Stanisław
Published: December 2019

W połowie III wieku biskupem Kartaginy w Afryce prokonsularnej został wybrany Thascius Caecilius Cyprianus, człowiek zamożny i wykształcony. W czasie prześladowań zarządzonych przez cesarza Decjusza wiara wielu osób została poddana ciężkiej próbie. We wspólnocie chrześcijan powstały podziały na tle dyscyplinarnym i administracyjnym. Św. Cyprian odwołał się do starej tradycji pielęgnowanej nie tylko w Kościele Afryki prokonsularnej, lecz także w innych prowincjach Kościoła powszechnego, którym było zwoływanie synodów w celu wspólnego rozwiązywania powstałych problemów duszpasterskich. W czasach zasiadania na stolicy biskupiej w Kartaginie w sumie zostało zwołanych 7 synodów, których uczestnicy zajęli swoje stanowisko wobec schizm Felicissimusa i Nowacjana oraz w sprawie powrotu do wspólnoty kościelnej osób, które uległy nakazom edyktu Decjusza dokonując ofiar bałwochwalczych, ważności chrztu udzielanego przez heretyków oraz chrztu dzieci. Niniejsze opracowanie jest próbą ukazania ważnej roli synodów kształtowaniu kolegialności biskupów w Afryce prokonsularnej w połowie III wieku w kontekście troski o jedność Kościoła. Lecz z drugiej strony ukazuje prawdę, że nie wszystkie uchwały synodów w Kartaginie współtworzyły doktrynę Kościoła.
Partitioning of volatile components (Cl, F, CO2) in water-saturated fluid-magmatic systems of various composition
Authors: Chevychelov V. Yu.
Published: December 2019

The results of experimental studies of the behavior of volatile components (Cl, F, CO2 and H2O) in fluid-magmatic systems are presented. The maximum chlorine content in magmatic melts mainly depends on the composition of the melt and, to a lesser extent, on pressure (10300 MPa) and temperature (8001000C). The Cl content in the melt increases from 0.20.3 to 35 wt.% with increasing in the Ca content during the transition from polymerized granitoid to depolymerized basaltic melts. The pressure dependence of solubility has a maximum at a pressure of about 100200 MPa. A tendency of increasing in the Cl content and decreasing in the F content in the melt during the transition from acidic and alkaline to basaltic melts has been established. The maximum Cl content in the melt significantly increases from rhyolitic (up to 0.25 wt.%) to phonolitic (up to 0.85 wt.%) and dacitic (up to 1.2 wt.%) at temperatures of 10001200C and pressure of 200 MPa. The addition of CO2 to the system causes an increase in the Cl content in the melt by 2025 relative %, which is apparently associated with an increase in the Cl activity in the fluid. In this case, the H2O content in the melt decreases by ~ 0.51.0 wt.%. A strong effect of hydrolysis was shown in the interaction of an alumina-rich granitic melt with ~ 0.51N chloride fluid. This effect shows that at hypabyssal magmatic conditions (P = 100 MPa, T = 750C), the fluid is acidic (the pH after the experiment is ~ 11.5) and it is characterized by high dissolving power. It was established experimentally that as a result of the interaction of aqueous Na-K-Ca-chloride fluid of variable composition with granodioritic and granitic melts in the pressure range of ~ 100200 MPa and temperatures of 8201000C and with increasing in the total salt content, the Na and K replace Ca in the silicate melt, displacing the latter into the fluid, that is enriched in CaCl2 and is depleted in NaCl. Experimental results on the joint partitioning of Cl and F provide a quantitative basis for understanding the degassing processes in the course of the evolution of alkaline and basaltic magmas. They are important for assessing the extent of the removal of Cl and F into the earths atmosphere during volcanic activity and the effects of this removal on climate change.
Petrological-geochemical characteristics of lavas, sources and evolution of magmatic melts of the Kazbek neovolcanic center (Greater Caucasus)
Authors: Parfenov A. V. , Lebedev V. A. , Chernyshev I. V. , Vashakidze G. T. , Yakushev A. I. , Goltsman Yu. V. , Chugaev A. V. , Oleynikova T. I. , Kanunnikova E. M. , Gabarashvili Q. A.
Published: December 2019

The results of petrological-geochemical and isotope-geochemical studies of the Late Pleistocene-Holocene lavas of the Kazbek Neovolcanic Center, one of the largest centers of youngest magmatism in the Greater Caucasus, are presented.

It has been established that the volcanic rocks of the Kazbek center arise a continuous compositional series basaltic (trachy-)andesites(trachy-)andesitesdacites with a predominance of calc-alkaline intermediate and moderately-acid lavas. The obtained results indicate that the processes of fractional crystallization and mixing of melts had a leading role in the petrogenesis of the rocks. The crustal assimilation was of limited importance; its influence is noticeable only in the rocks of the earliest and late pulses of magmatic activity within the Kazbek center. The common crustal lithologies participated in the assimilation were presented by metamorphosed Jurassic sediments (mainly shales and sandstones), forming the foot of the Kazbek center, and Mesozoic mafic metamorphosed volcanites very rarely. The specific features of AFC processes during the development of the studied magmatic system (including the presence of noticeable amount of water in the melt, the leading role of Amp in the cumulus and the absence of Pl fractionation) led to the appearance of dacitic lavas with geochemical signs of adakites as an evolutional end-member.

The volcanic rocks of the Kazbek center are derived from trachybasalt magmas, the source of which was presented by the mantle reservoir of OIB-type. Recent and previously published results of studies of the Neogene-Quaternary magmatism manifested within the Greater Caucasus show that the main petrological and geochemical characteristics of this regional mantle reservoir remained constant from the end of the Miocene to the present time.
The responsiveness of Triticum aestivum L. variety for inoculation by cells of endophytic strains Bacillus subtilis.
Authors: Kuramshina Z. M. , Khairullin R. M. , Smirnova Yu. V.
Published: December 2019

In this study, we tested the effect of two strains of bacteria B. subtilis 26D and 11ВМ on three varieties of wheat Triticum aestivum L.: Omskaya 35, Kazakhstanskaya 10 (spring), Volzhskaya qualitative (winter).The peculiarity of the plants response to endophytic inoculation depended on the strain of the microorganism, the concentration of cells in the preparation, and the variety of wheat during the experiment in Petri dishes. Both strains showed a strong growth-stimulating effect when seed was inoculated with suspensions of bacteria with a concentration of 106 cells/ml. There was no effect when seed cells were inoculated with bacteria at a concentration of 109 cells / ml. Plants varieties Omskaya 35 were most responsive to inoculation with endophytes. The variety was well responsive to the inoculation of bacteria cells at different concentrations. The variety Volzhskaya quality had the least growth stimulation. Plants of this variety responded well when grown in soil, unlike experiments in Petri dishes. The variety Kazakhstanskaya 10 was less responsive when growing plants in Petri dishes. There was no difference between the size of the shoots of inoculated and non-inoculated plants of the variety Kazakh 10, only stimulation of root growth was observed. It was concluded that there is a pronounced responsiveness of wheat varieties to the effect of endophytic strains of bacteria B. subtilis 26D the basis of biofungicide (Fitosporin-M) and this must be considered when using biofungicide for wheat cultivation.
Forest resources of the Krasnoyarsk region in feeding cows
Authors: Tereshchenko V. A. , Ivanov E. A. , Ivanova O. V. , Permyakova G. V. , Semenovich A. V.
Published: December 2019

An important factor in increasing the productivity of dairy cattle is to ensure the full value of diets by improving the quality of feeds and enriching its with a complex of additives from alternative sources, in particular from the richest forest resources. Scientific-economically experience by studying the effect of feeding coniferous flour on milk productivity and metabolic parameters of cows and determining its optimal dosage was carried out in the conditions of LLC Plemzavod Tayozhny Sukhobuzimsky district of the Krasnoyarsk territory. Three groups of milking cows (control and two experimental) of the Black-Motley breed of the second calving, 5 heads in each group were formed for the experiment on the principle of analogues. The duration of the experiment was 100 days. According to the scheme of studies, the control group received the main diet, the 1st experimental group in addition to the main diet received coniferous flour at a dosage of 50 g/head/day, the 2nd experimental group coniferous flour at a dosage of 100 g/head/day. Research and data processing were carried out according to generally accepted methods. As a result of researches positive influence of coniferous flour on milk productivity and technological properties of cow milk was established. The analysis of the obtained data allowed to determine the most effective dosage of coniferous flour for the diet of cows 50 g/head/day, which contributed to an increase in milk yield for 100 days of lactation by 15.6%, the milk fat amount by 29.8%, the milk protein amount by 17.1%, milk of basic fat content by 29.4%, improvement technological properties of milk.
The first hundred years: what have we learnt?
Authors: Jelavić Željka , Petrović Anastazija
Published: December 2019

The paper addresses the issue of development of educational activities in the Ethno-
graphic Museum in Zagreb throughout its first 100 years of activity. During the first years of operation of the Museum educational activities were evident primarily in the work of the curator Mirko Kus-Nikolajev, despite the fact that there was no conceptualised approach to educational activities in the Museum at the time. Several decades later, in the second half of the 20th century a conceptualised approach was formulated by the first museum educators: Aleksandra Sanja Lazarević and Nada Majanović. Today, the educational programme is currently being developed in accordance with the contemporary trends in museum education, which focuses on different groups of museum users and highlights the social responsibility of the Museum.
The Library of the Ethnographic Museum in Zagreb
Authors: Kolbas Irena
Published: December 2019

The Library of the Ethnographic Museum is a special museum library. It is of a
semi-closed type, which is the case with most special and museum libraries. It is primarily intended for the museum staff: curators, conservators and preparators. It was founded
not long after the museum had been established and it grew simultaneously with the
museum collection. The paper provides an overview of its history, some of its more
important collections and the processing of the publications. Nevertheless, it also
presents some of the problems faced
Review on Hot Melt Extrusion Technology and it's Application
Authors: A. S. Mali , K. V. Gavali , R. G. Choudhari , V. P. Anekar , Y. N. Gavhane
Published: December 2019

The use of hot-melt extrusion (HME) within the pharmaceutical industry is steadily increasing, due to proven its ability to efficiently manufacture novel products. With the use of HME we can increase solubility and bioavailability of the API. HME has proven to be a robust method of producing numerous drug delivery systems like modified, controlled and targeted drug delivery systems. resulting improved bioavailability as well as taste masking of bitter active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Hot-melt extrusion techniques are pragmatic in the manufacture of a variety of dosage forms and formulations such as granules, pellets, tablets, suppositories, implants, stents, transdermal systems and ophthalmic inserts. In This paper we review about the types of Extruder, solid dispersion and Application of the HME to the pharmaceutical industries.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI TINGKAT KEMISKINAN DI KOTA LUBUKLINGGAU BERBASIS WEB MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK CODEIGNITER
Authors: Hidayat Asep Toyib
Published: December 2019

Kemiskinan menjadi permasalahan yang serius di masyarakat, dimana instansi pemerintahan harus dapat memperhatikan dan memberikan bantuan untuk dapat menyelaraskan taraf hidup keluarga miskin. Dinas Sosial merupakan instansi pemerintahan yang berperan untuk dapat membantu serta melakukan pelayanan terhadap keluarga miskin, Dinas Sosial perlu mengetahui  detail informasi dan data tentang rumah tangga miskin secara akurat. Dimana saat ini  data dan informasi merupakan salah satu bagian terpenting dalam menurunkan tingkat kemiskinan di kota Lubuklinggau, karena dengan adanya pengelolaan data dan informasi yang baik, maka tingkat kemiskinan di kota Lubuklinggau dapat diketahui secara akurat, adapun permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh Dinas Sosial Kota Lubuklinggau adalah belum  melakukan pendataan secara langsung data kemiskinan di setiap Kecamatan Lubuklinggau, informasi dan data kemiskinan hanya diperolah dari hasil laporan Badan Pusat Statistik. Dengan adanya permasalahan tersebut, peneliti mencoba untuk dapat membantu Dinsos Kota Lubuklinggau dengan membangun sebuah Sistem Informasi Tingkat Kemiskinan di Kota Lubuklinggau. Sistem informasi akan memberikan detail Persebaran Tingkat Kemiskinan yang ada di kota Lubuklinggau sehingga memberikan laporan tingkat kemiskinan yang akurat serta up-to-date. Sistem akan dibangun dengan interface dengan pemrograman PHP dengan memanfaatkan kerangka kerja Codeigniter, untuk dapat memaksimalkan sistem yang akan dibangun penulis menggunakan basis data MySql.
Enterprise Risk Management Applications at Bist-Istanbul Non-Financial Companies
Authors: Ozyuksel Suna , Bozoklar Rıza
Published: December 2019

Turkey has made great strides towards increasing international competitiveness and aims to adapt to the international risk management platforms to further its national economic policy. Risk management would serve to the corporates to run their business in optimum level, to reduce the chance of the hazards, to protect the resources and to improve the image. The purpose of this study is to investigate the inherent risks plaguing non-financial companies in Turkey and the risk management behavior and insurance approach undertaken in order to combat these important risks. The analysis consists of survey questions generated via appropriate risk management literature and reports from the Federation of European Risk Management Associations and Risk & Insurance Management Society. The sample consisted of 59 high level Risk Managers from publicly available non-financial firms on BIST, 20 of which were included under top 100 of ISO 500 by 2017.
Jesus of the Gospels, and Jesus of today
Authors: Budiselić Ervin
Published: December 2019

Starting from the contemporary dominant values of tolerance, dialogue, and political correctness, this article analyses Jesus’ speech and teachings in the synoptic gospels in the light of these values. First, the article analyses Jesus’ speech about love, and then the focus is on Jesus’ harsh language and teaching. After that the article analyses reactions of different people and groups on his language and teaching. Based on this analysis, in the final section the article compares Jesus of the gospels with the distorted portray of Jesus that is sometimes present in contemporary Christianity. The conclusion that is made is that contemporary Western culture has distorted the image of Jesus from the gospels and has created modern Jesus which in his speech and teachings reflects today’s dominant values. However, Jesus is the same yesterday, today and forever, and we should be very careful to follow not some “contemporary Jesus,” but Jesus of the gospels.
Balthasar Hubmaier and His Eighteen Articles
Authors: Časni Danijel
Published: December 2019

The paper talks about the renowned Anabaptist reformer, Balthasar Hubmaier, whose works were a significant contribution to the development of the early Anabaptist movement. In 2018 we mark the 490th anniversary of his death of being burned at the stake for his religious beliefs. In the paper, we see an outline of Hubmaier’s biography and an overview of his creative work. Special attention is given to his first work from June 1524, which contains 18 articles, and is called, “Achtzehn schluß rede so betreffende ein gantz Cristlich leben.” The articles show Hubmaier’s view on theology, ecclesiology, and pastorology at the beginning of his reformation work.
Vulnerability of Identity and Memory
Authors: Mladenovska-Tešija Julijana , Đukić Luka
Published: December 2019

This paper was created as a result of discussions with the students from the Evangelical Theological Seminary in Osijek, as part of the Introduction into Philosophy course. In the paper we used parts of Luka Đukić’s essay, “Memorial Centers: The Role of Memory,” which have, as part of dialogue regarding the role of memory, been inserted into the text by J. Mladenovska-Tešija. The purpose of the paper is to emphasize the relevance of Ricoeur’s reflections about memory for Evangelical Christians, especially considering Christ’s death on Calvary as an anti-narrative.
Accreditation of Osteopaths - New Procedure of Admission to Professional Medical Activities
Authors: Tregubova E. .
Published: December 2019

Starting from the 1st of January 2016 only those specialists who have certificate of accreditation may exercise medical activities in the Russian Federation. Specialist’s accreditation is a procedure which helps to define the readiness of the person who received higher or secondary medical or pharmaceutical education to particular medical or pharmaceutical activities. There are several types of accreditation: primary accreditation, primary specialized accreditation and secondary accreditation. In order to carry out this procedure, special centers of accreditation and the funds of assessment tools will be founded
Effectiveness of Osteopathy Combined with Rehabilitation for Treatment of Speech Disorders in Preschool Children
Authors: Bajda N. . , Mokhov D. .
Published: December 2019

The article presents the results of the examination and inpatient treatment of 45 children with speech disorders. During the study neurological and osteopathic statuses of these patients were characterized. The study showed the effectiveness of osteopathic methods combined with inpatient treatment and rehabilitation course.
Holistic Traditions in Modern Medicine. Analysis of Jean-PierreAmigues' Experience of Following Different Medical Traditions
Authors: Ivanova E. . , Shyriaeva E. .
Published: December 2019

The article presents the possibilities of integration of different medical traditions using the example of work of the leading osteopath Jean-Pierre Amigues. The article is based on the Workshop «Osteopathy in the XXI century», held in Israel in 2011.
Regulation of Safety and Quality of Osteopathic Healthcare
Authors: Yeremin G. . , Тregubova Е. . , Mokhova Е. .
Published: December 2019

The article presents an analysis of the regulating system, an experience of the expert evaluation and control of the quality and safety of the medical care in the Russian Federation and in its constituent units. The paper considers aims, targets, ways and criteria of the expert evaluation and control of the quality and safety of the medical care with regard to the osteopathic medical care. Authors also give recommendations concerning the organization of the internal control system of safety and quality of the medical care provided by the osteopaths.
Evaluation of Hemodynamic Cerebral Disordersin Patients Subjected to the Third Molar Extraction.Evaluation of the Effectiveness of OsteopathicRehabilitation after Tooth Extraction
Authors: Atyakshev А. . , Tekoutieva N. .
Published: December 2019

Extraction of the third molars from the upper jaw can cause somatic dysfunctions and changes in cerebral hemodynamics in patients. Rehabilitation measures aimed to correct somatic dysfunctions and restore cerebral hemodynamics are necessary for these patients.