bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moving Open Repositories out of the Blind Spot of Initiatives to Correct the Scholarly Record
Authors: Bordignon Frédérique
Published: January 2025

Open repositories were created to enhance access and visibility of scholarly publications, driven by open science ideals emphasising transparency and accessibility. However, they lack mechanisms to update the status of corrected or retracted publications, posing a threat to the integrity of the scholarly record. To explore the scope of the problem, a manually verified corpus was examined: we extracted all the entries in the Crossref × Retraction Watch database for which the publication date of the corrected or retracted document ranged from 2013 to 2023. This corresponded to 24,430 entries with a DOI, which we use to query Unpaywall and identify their possible indexing in HAL, an open repository (second largest institutional repository worldwide). In most cases (91%), HAL does not mention corrections. While the study needs broader scope, it highlights the necessity of improving the role of open repositories in correction processes with better curation practices. We discuss how harvesting operations and the interoperability of platforms can maintain the integrity of the entire scholarly record. Not only will the open repositories avoid damaging its reliability through ambiguous reporting, but on the contrary, they will also strengthen it.
Ultralow Turn‐On Voltage Organic Upconversion Devices for High‐Resolution Imaging Based on Near‐Infrared Homotandem Photodetector
Authors: Han Xingwei , Han Chao , He Meiyu , Han Jiayue , Yu He , Gou Jun , Wang Jun
Published: January 2025

In recent years, infrared visualization technology has attracted significant attention, and organic upconversion devices (OUDs) have become a reliable infrared imaging strategy due to the superiority of low cost, simple structure, and large‐area imaging. Nonetheless, the power consumption of OUDs is mostly high, so effectively reducing the turn‐on voltage (Von) has emerged as a crucial aspect in optimizing OUD performance, alongside the urgent need to enhance imaging resolution. This work presents an efficient OUD integrating a homotandem photodetector and an organic light‐emitting diode to reduce the Von of the OUD since the homotandem detection unit can generate nearly twice the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) compared to the single detection unit. The device reaches a noteworthy Von of 0.64 V, which is the lowest Von reported for OUDs, accompanied by a high upconversion efficiency of 10.64% and a wide luminance linear dynamic range (L‐LDR) of 82.94 dB. In addition, high‐quality bioimaging with wide operating voltages is demonstrated, achieving imaging resolution up to 5799 pixels per inch (ppi). This work demonstrates an effective technical approach to reduce the power consumption of OUDs and facilitate future bioimaging applications.
Manufacturing and Biological Potential of Saliva‐Loaded Core‐Sheath Pressure‐Spun Polymeric Fibers
Authors: Thukral Vansh , Qosim Nanang , Kurniawan Andre , Gültekinoğlu Merve , Herath H.M. Thushari U. , Williams Gareth R. , Edirisinghe Mohan
Published: January 2025

The rich array of antimicrobial components in saliva offers alternative treatments for drug‐resistant bacteria. One therapeutic challenge associated with the effective delivery of salivary components is the quick degradation of salivary proteins outside the oral environment. In this study, polyethylene oxide (sheath) and polycaprolactone (core) based fibers are successfully synthesized using the pressurized gyration technique. Six different pressure‐spun fibers are produced. These fibers are created by varying the quantity of artificial saliva in the sheath layer. This unique and effective methodology of embedding saliva within the sheath of the fiber exhibits enhanced bacterial inhibition against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with 80% and 78% inhibition efficiency, respectively. This study showcases a novel technique for promoting wound healing, utilizing core‐sheath fibers, which have tremendous potential because of their superior antimicrobial properties, while also aiding in the process of epithelialization. In vitro, cytotoxicity test results showed that there is no cytotoxic effect on the fibroblast cell line. As a result, it is evaluated that the produced fiber meshes can be ideal wound dressing material, considering their lack of toxic effects and high antibacterial activity levels.
Solvent‐Free, Degradable Resins for 3D Inkjet Printing Based on Silyl Ether and Amino Acid Phosphoramide Photomonomers
Authors: Haudum Stephan , Kainz Michael , Stubauer Gerald , Wanko Sascha , Guillén Elena , Brüggemann Oliver , Müller Stefanie Monika , Dehne Tilo , Schulz Daria Patrycja , Engels Andreas , Rinner Uwe , Griesser Thomas , Teasdale Ian
Published: January 2025

Inkjet 3D printing is a fast, reliable and noncontact method, capable of producing small and large structures and enabling multi‐material printing. These characteristics make inkjet an excellent printing technique for additive manufacturing of biomaterials, such as scaffolds for tissue engineering. However, the technology is restricted by the limited number of suitable photopolymers which hitherto are limited to acrylate‐based chemistries, which are not only toxic but nondegradable, thus of limited use in many biomaterials‐based applications. Herein, a unique and innovative approach is described looking beyond traditional carbon‐based chemistry to design and synthesize novel photomonomers based on amino acid phosphoramides (APA) with silyl ethers utilizing thiol‐yne click chemistry. The novel inks are specifically designed for use in solventless 3D inkjet printing of biomaterials and are shown to be biocompatible and having fast and tunable degradation rates. This makes these innovative inks a promising material for biomedical 3D printing applications, such as tissue regeneration.
Polysiloxane‐Modified PMMA‐Shell Phase Change Microcapsules for Thermal Management Fabrics
Authors: Chen Yang , Lu Xinbo , Liu Ziqiang , Xiao Weiqiang , Song Lina , Lang Linquan , Li Hongqing , Zhan Xiaoli , Gao Feng , Zhang Qinghua
Published: January 2025

Critical issues such as leakage, degradation, and thermal response hysteresis have become the focus in the application of phase change materials (PCMs) in area such as thermal management of fabrics. The encapsulation of PCMs prepared as microcapsules using polysiloxanes, etc. as a component unit of crosslinking agents represents a highly promising avenue of research. In this work, organosilicon crosslinkers are prepared and employed for the crosslinking of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) for microencapsulation of paraffin wax in microcapsule phase change materials (mPCMs). The results showed that increasing the degree of crosslinking helps to improve the performance of mPCMs by smoothing the shell surface, but excessive crosslinking leads to flocculation, which reduces its performance. The mPCMs produced with 10% wt crosslinking agent gave the highest performance with encapsulation efficiency, melting enthalpy and crystallization enthalpy of 81.3%, 285.0 J g−1 and 253.1 J g−1, respectively. The obtained mPCMs are also combined with epoxy resin and fabrics to form composite materials. Notably, the polysiloxane‐modified mPCMs permit epoxy resins to achieve a maximum temperature reduction of 25 °C. By adjusting the mass ratio of organosilicon crosslinkers, the obtained mPCMs enable textiles to reach a maximum temperature reduction of 17 °C while maintaining satisfactory air permeability.
Recent Advances in Direct Synthesis of Functional Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity Based on (Super)Acid Catalysis
Authors: Sun Xi , Zheng Jifu , Li Shenghai , Zhang Suobo
Published: January 2025

Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) are an emerging class of amorphous organic porous materials with solution processability, which are widely used in a multitude of fields such as gas separation, ion conduction, nanofiltration, etc. PIMs have adjustable pore structure and functional pore wall, so it can achieve selective sieving for specific substances. In order to meet the functional requirements of PIMs, two principal methods are used to synthesize functional PIMs, namely, post‐modification of PIMs precursors and functionalization of monomers. A number of post‐modification routes have been reported, however, the direct synthesis of functional PIMs with diverse groups still remains a challenge. The synthesis of PIMs through the acid‐catalyzed polyhydroxyalkylation has been demonstrated to be an effective solution, exhibiting the advantages of wider substrates range, milder reaction conditions, and higher molecular weight. Recently, a series of functional substrates for direct synthesis of PIMs have been proposed. This article presents a review and summary of recent advances in synthesizing PIMs via acid‐catalyzed polyhydroxyalkylation, and the synthesis route and structure‐activity relationship are emphasized, which provides a versatile platform for the direct synthesis of functional PIMs.
Hybrid Nanofibrous Membrane with Durable Electret for Anti‐Wetting Air Filtration
Authors: Yang Ming , Yao Ni , Surmenev Roman A. , Zhang Xinxin , Yu Jianyong , Zhang Shichao , Ding Bin
Published: January 2025

Electrospun fibrous materials with fine fibers and small pores are fundamental for particulate matter (PM) filtration, addressing its harmful environmental and health impacts. However, the existing electrospun fibers are still limited to their sub‐micron diameters and unstable surface electrostatic effect, leading to deteriorated filtration performance after prolonged storage or wetting. Herein, the study creates nanofibrous membranes with long‐time stable electrostatics by electret‐enhanced electrospinning. The phase separation and polarization of the charged jet are manipulated to achieve rapid stretch and strong electret. The obtained membrane exhibits nanosized structures with fiber diameters of ≈220 nm, pore size <1 µm, as well as robust surface potential of 0.4 kV. By virtue of the synergistic effects of sieving and adsorption, the nanofibrous membrane showed a remarkable PM0.3 filtration efficiency of 96.6% and pressure drop of 140 Pa, even reaching the N90 standard after five wetting cycles. The design of such durable membranes will offer a new sight in the functional filtration materials.
Modeling absorbed alpha particle dose from diffusing alpha‐emitters radiation therapy in changing tissue volumes
Authors: Zhang Irene P. , Heger Guy , Cohen Gil'ad N. , Arazi Lior , Damato Antonio L.
Published: January 2025

Background

Diffusing alpha‐emitters Radiation Therapy (“Alpha DaRT”) is a promising new radiation therapy modality for treating bulky tumors. 224Ra‐carrying sources are inserted intratumorally, producing a therapeutic alpha‐dose region with a total size of a few millimeter via the diffusive motion of 224Ra's alpha‐emitting daughters. Clinical studies of Alpha DaRT have reported 100% positive response (30%–100% shrinkage within several weeks), with post‐insertion swelling in close to half of the cases. While dosimetry recommendations informed by the effects of edema are standard in some radiation therapy modalities, the effect of edema and tumor shrinkage on the absorbed dose delivered by Alpha DaRT is still unknown.

Purpose

The aim of this work is to develop a simple model for Alpha‐DaRT dose deposition in a time‐dependent tissue volume in order to study the effect of geometrical changes in source location due to edema and tumor shrinkage on the delivered alpha particle dose.

Methods

We perform FEM‐based dose deposition modeling for a single Alpha‐DaRT source inside shrinking and swelling tissues. Gradual volume change models were used for shrinkage and swelling, and an additional immediate volume gain model was also used for “worst case” swelling. Volume change rates were estimated from source location data from serial scans acquired at time of insertion and removal for seven patients treated using Alpha DaRT. We calculate absorbed dose profiles under both the high‐ and low‐diffusion regimes described by the Diffusion‐Leakage model.

Results

Changes in tissue volume can lead to over‐ or underestimation of the calculated absorbed dose. In the low‐diffusion regime, gradual tissue shrinkage can result in an increase of 100% and gradual swelling can result in a 35% decrease in absorbed dose compared to a calculation in static tissue. Although immediate post‐insertion swelling can reduce the absorbed dose by close to 65% for very closely spaced sources, in all cases analyzed the final absorbed dose continues to exceed the 10 Gy target. These effects are less severe in the high‐diffusion regime.

Conclusions

These results indicate that tissue swelling and shrinkage can have a non‐negligible effect on the tumor absorbed dose. Further study of tissue dynamics during Alpha‐DaRT treatment will be necessary for improvements in dosimetry practice.
Wave‐CAIPI Multiparameter MR Imaging in Neurology
Authors: Liu Congcong , Ye Yongquan , Guo Yifan , Zhou Yihang , Zhu Yanjie , Liu Xin , Xu Jian , Zheng Hairong , Liang Dong , Wang Haifeng
Published: January 2025

In clinical practice, particularly in neurology assessments, imaging multiparametric MR images with a single‐sequence scan is often limited by either insufficient imaging contrast or the constraints of accelerated imaging techniques. A novel single scan 3D imaging method, incorporating Wave‐CAIPI and MULTIPLEX technologies and named WAMP, has been developed for rapid and comprehensive parametric imaging in clinical diagnostic applications. Featuring a hybrid design that includes wave encoding, the CAIPIRINHA sampling pattern, dual time of repetition (TR), dual flip angle (FA), multiecho, and optional flow modulation, the WAMP method captures information on RF B1t fields, proton density (PD), T1, susceptibility, and blood flow. This method facilitates the synthesis of multiple qualitative contrast‐weighted images and relaxometric parametric maps. A single WAMP scan generates multiple contrast‐weighted images and relaxometric parametric maps, including PD‐weighted (PDW), T1‐weighted (T1W), T2*‐weighted (T2W), adjusted T1‐weighted (aT1W), susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI), B1t map, T1 map, T2/R2* map, PD map, and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Both phantom and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that the proposed method can achieve high image quality and quantification accuracy even at high acceleration factors of 4 and 9. The experiments have confirmed that the rapid single scan method can be effectively applied in clinical neurology, serving as a valuable diagnostic tool for conditions such as pediatric tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)‐related epilepsy, adult Parkinson's disease, and suspected stroke patient. The WAMP method holds substantial potential for advancing multiparametric MR imaging in clinical neurology, promising significant improvements in both diagnostic speed and accuracy.
How to educate patients and caregivers on end‐of‐life nutrition care and support
Authors: Schwartz Denise Baird , Wolfe Citty Sandra , Barrocas Albert , O'Sullivan‐Maillet Julie
Published: January 2025

Background

There are numerous articles, book chapters, and published guidelines on the topic of clinical ethics in the use of artificially administered nutrition and hydration, which often incorporates end‐of‐life (EOL) nutrition care and support. Components of clinical ethics involve the importance of ethical principles, patient‐centered care, and shared decision‐making. However, there is sparse information on how to educate patients and caregivers on this subject.

Methods

Initially, PubMed and the Cochrane Library were used to find articles on the subject. Articles were reviewed and new concepts were identified to include.

Results

There is a practice gap with not applying clinical ethics in practice. The application of clinical ethics, which includes the teach‐back method of education, soft skills and behavioral skills training, and potential sacred moments, is not well addressed in the literature. Demonstration of the process of incorporating clinical ethics into practice is beneficial in helping educate clinicians so they can then effectively educate the patient and caregiver on EOL nutrition care and support. Reasons for not applying clinical ethics in actual clinical practice may be because of clinicians not receiving training, the lack of opportunity to observe the technique applied in actual clinical practice, or possibly concern for the presumed additional time required in clinical practice to apply clinical ethics.

Conclusion

Educating patients and caregivers on EOL nutrition care and support presupposes engaging, educating, and empowering clinicians about clinical ethics by demonstrating the process and encouraging educators to incorporate the information in an interdisciplinary/interprofessional curriculum.
Validity and Reliability of Patient Activation Measure (PAM13‐I) Italian Version Among Patient Undergoing Elective Surgery
Authors: Provenzano Maria , Cillara Nicola , Podda Mauro , Gonzalez Cesar Ivan Aviles , Cicalò Enrico , Fransvea Pietro , Poillucci Gaetano , Deserra Antonello , Ricciardelli Luigi , Jiménez‐Herrera Maria ,   and the DeDiLaCo study collaborative group
Published: January 2025

The patient activation measure (PAM), a recognized measure of how active patients are in their care, is one of the most extensively used, widely translated, and tested instruments worldwide in measuring patient activation. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties and construct validity of the Italian version of the 13‐item Patient Activation Measure (PAM13‐I) among patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A multicenter study was conducted across 111 surgical units in Italy. This study involved the preoperative administration of the PAM questionnaire to 4532 patients. The psychometric properties of the PAM were evaluated using Rasch analysis. The PAM13‐I demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.95) and reliability indices. While fit statistics were acceptable, ceiling effects were observed. No significant differential item functioning was found. However, issues with targeting and local response dependency were identified. The Italian PAM‐13 showed promising psychometric properties among surgical patients, indicating its potential utility in assessing patient activation. However, concerns regarding ceiling effects and targeting suggest the need for further refinement and validation in surgical populations.
An Exploratory Model of How Ethical Indicators Predict Health Professional Burnout
Authors: Kjos Andrea L. , Gnacinski Stacy L. , Wahl Carly A.
Published: January 2025

The objectives of this study were to characterize burnout in five different health professions (i.e., pharmacists, nurses, occupational therapists, psychologists, and mental health counselors) as well as to determine if moral distress, ethical stress, and/or ethical climate were predictive of burnout and job satisfaction. Cross‐sectional survey data were collected in the USA using validated measures from a sample of 291 in early 2022 (COVID‐19 Omicron wave). The average age of participants was 51 years (s.d. = 12.59) and most identified as female (78%), White/Caucasian (82%), married/in a domestic partnership (72%), without dependents (57%), and had > 20 years of experience (53%). Results demonstrated that two of the three dimensions of burnout (i.e., emotional exhaustion and depersonalization) reached clinically significant levels among nurses, occupational therapists, and pharmacists, but not among psychologists or mental health counselors. In testing an exploratory structural equation model, moral distress, ethics stress, and ethical climate contributed significantly to the burnout and job satisfaction of all professionals (CFI = 0.905; SRMR = 0.056; Gamma hat scaled = 0.931). These findings support a theoretical framework for explaining associations between ethical indicators and burnout and job satisfaction. Future research should explore if professions with less burnout experience differences in the organizational environment, autonomy, and independence of clinical work, and/or professional identity. Exploration into professional socialization, such as strategies learned as part of training and development, may be warranted to identify factors that buffer or mitigate burnout risk.
Medial orbitofrontal cortex structure, function, and cognition associates with weight loss for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Wen , Bi Yan , Duan Yanjie , Sun Xitai , Chen Jiu , Zhang Xin , Zhang Zhou , Zhu Zhengyang , Zhang Bing
Published: January 2025

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate underlying mechanisms of long‐term effective weight loss after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and effects on the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and cognition.

Methods

A total of 18 individuals with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) underwent LSG. Clinical data, cognitive scores, and brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were evaluated before LSG and 12 months after LSG. We employed voxel‐based morphometry analysis and seed‐based resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) analysis to assess LSG‐induced structural and functional changes in mOFC. Partial correlation analysis and univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used to explore associations among biochemical indexes, neuroimaging, cognition, and weight loss.

Results

No significant improvement in general cognition was found after LSG. Decreases in gray matter volume of the bilateral mOFC and increases in RSFC of the right mOFC were observed 12 months after LSG. Weight loss was associated with RSFC, general cognitive scores, and triglyceride changes. Multivariate linear regression model revealed gray matter volume of the left mOFC and working memory scores at baseline explained 55.2% of the variation in weight loss.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that mOFC imaging and cognitive scores could serve as biomarkers for predicting persistent weight loss after LSG, which provides a solid foundation for a potential target for neuromodulation research.
Correlation between interfacial bonding behavior and surface treatments in bonded carbon fiber composite joints
Authors: Wang Tingting , Gong Bowen , Hu Weiyuan , Wang Huan , Ouyang Wenting , Peng Hua‐Xin
Published: January 2025

Surface treatments play a crucial role in enhancing the bonding strength of composites. The effect of surface treatment has received much attention in the literature but reported effect of combined treatments are less prevalent. Therefore, this work explored the correlation between plasma, sanding, porous release film treatments, its combination and bonding behavior in bonded carbon fiber composite joints. The bonding performance of composites was predominantly affected by three mechanisms: chemical cross‐linking, chemical adsorption and mechanical interlocking. The bonding strength was enhanced after plasma treatment through the increased polar functional groups and surface wettability, resulting in a 7% (28.6 MPa) improvement compared to untreated samples. Sanding and porous release film treated surfaces exhibited increased roughness and mechanical interlocking, with strength up to 29.5 and 38.7 MPa enhancement in shear strength. Furthermore, plasma and sanding treatments removed surface contaminants and enhanced the bonding strength. Plasma treatment on surfaces treated with porous release film led to a slight decrease in bonding strength (35.9 MPa), as the deep valleys were changed into shallow ones by plasma. Spearman correlation analysis was used to establish the relationship between characterization parameters and shear strength. The results revealed a robust correlation between surface roughness and strength, highlighting its potential for predicting bonding performance.

Highlights

Comprehensive investigations on the correlation between surface treating techniques and bonding behaviors.

The shear strength increased as the integrity of adhesive film decreased.

Roughness has the most robust correlation with shear strength.
Impact of Antibiotic Shortages on Antibiotic Utilisation in the Community
Authors: Lambert Maarten , Taxis Katja , Pont Lisa
Published: January 2025

Background

Drug shortages are an increasing and worldwide problem. Oral antibiotics are one of the most used medicines worldwide and have recently been affected by drug shortages. Despite this, little is known about the impact of antibiotic shortages on prescribing practices.

Aim

To explore the impact of oral antibiotic shortages on national antibiotic utilisation.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study of oral antibiotic shortages and antibiotic utilisation was conducted using Australian reimbursement and regulatory data from January 2022 to December 2023. All nationally reimbursed oral antibiotics were included in the study. The number and duration of reported antibiotic shortages per product were determined for each active ingredient. The clinical impact was assessed using national utilisation in Defined Daily Doses per 100 000 inhabitants. Changes in trends were analysed using Joinpoint regression.

Results

Shortages were reported for eighteen of the twenty‐one (86%) oral antibiotics reimbursed in Australia. For ten active ingredients, shortages did not coincide with changes in utilisation data. No clear relation between the number and duration of shortages and impact on utilisation was observed. Changes in utilisation coinciding with shortages were observed for eight active ingredients. For cefaclor (−20% decrease in utilisation) and roxithromycin (−26% decrease), the impact of shortages is most clearly reflected by decreases in utilisation. For the other six, minor changes in utilisation were observed coinciding with shortages.

Conclusions

Antibiotic shortages were common in Australia during 2022 and 2023. The impact of shortages differs per antibiotic, for some antibiotics there are shortages coinciding with declines in utilisation. For others, shortages occur without apparent changes in utilisation.
Polarization modification of trans‐1,4‐butadiene‐co‐isoprene rubber through homogeneous chlorination and the chlorination mechanism
Authors: Song Xinping , Wang Li , Shao Huafeng , Zhao Jiruo , He Aihua
Published: January 2025

Polarization modification can improve performance and increase applications for a material, so polarization of nonpolar rubber materials has always been an important research and development direction for rubber modification. In this work, the preparation and chlorination mechanism of a chlorinated trans‐1,4‐butadiene‐co‐isoprene rubber (CTBIR) was investigated. The chlorination reaction, micro‐structure analysis, and homogeneous chlorination mechanism have been discussed in detail. The chlorination process of TBIR is a free radical reaction and the chlorinated product structure is very complex with a diversified structure caused by the presence of two diolefin monomers, butadiene and isoprene, in TBIR. The free radical chlorination of TBIR includes chlorine substitution and double‐bond addition reactions, resulting in basic chlorinated structures including allyl chlorine, 1,2‐chloro, methyl‐chloride, and small amounts of vinylidene chloride, and ring structures. The structures of double‐bonded and allyl chlorine vary with the modification of the chlorine content, and can be controlled by chlorination reaction conditions, such as reaction time.

Highlights

Homogeneous chlorination of high trans‐1,4‐butadiene‐co‐isoprene rubber (TBIR).

Detailed structure characterization and analysis of the CTBIR.

Mechanism of the homogeneous chlorination of TBIR.
Registration of Tx3499–Tx3503 sorghum germplasm resistant to acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase‐inhibiting herbicides
Authors: Crozier Daniel , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar , Hodnett George L. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Beechinor Kayla A. , Rooney William L.
Published: January 2025

The sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. bicolor] germplasm lines Tx3499–Tx3503 (Reg. no. GP‐948–Reg. no. GP‐952, PI 706257–PI 706261) were developed by the Texas A&M AgriLife Research sorghum breeding program in 2024. These lines are resistant to acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)‐inhibiting herbicides used for post‐emergence control of common grass weeds. Genetic resistance to aryloxyphenoxypropionate and phenylpyrazoline class herbicides was introgressed into Tx3499–Tx3503 from a donor line that contained a single partially dominant gene. These lines represent diverse pedigrees and an array of combinations of grain color, plant color, maintenance of sterility or restoration of fertility to A1 male‐sterile cytoplasm, as well as other agronomic traits. They provide the sorghum industry with sources of resistance to ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides in elite backgrounds for use as seed and pollinator parent germplasm.
Using Pharmacoepidemiology to Examine the Interplay of Sulfonylureas and Infection Risk in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wu Yu‐ying , Lin I‐Fan , Chen Kuan‐Hua , Wang Hsi‐Hao , Huang Chun‐Kai
Published: January 2025

Sulfonylureas (SU) are commonly prescribed as oral hypoglycemic agents for the management of diabetes mellitus (DM). We postulated that SU possess antimicrobial properties due to their structural resemblance to the antimicrobial agent sulfamethoxazole. Using data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we enrolled patients diagnosed with DM between 2000 and 2013 and followed them for a three‐year period. Patients who consistently used SU were categorized into the SU cohort, while those who had never used SU formed the non‐sulfonylurea (non‐SU) cohort. The primary study endpoints were diagnoses of pneumonia and urinary tract infections (UTIs). Within the database, we identified a total of 15,458,554 patients with DM, with 754,601 (4.88%) in the SU cohort and 2,244,436 (14.52%) in the non‐SU cohort. After individual matching based on age, gender, index day, and propensity score of comorbidities, we included 663,056 patients in each cohort. The cumulative incidence of pneumonia and UTI was 29,239 (4.41%) and 60,733 (9.16%) in the SU cohort, respectively, and 24,599 (3.71%) and 56,554 (8.53%) in the non‐SU cohort, respectively. Our findings indicated that the use of SU increased the risk of pneumonia (1.26–1.60 times) and UTI (1.13–1.22 times), while also potentially offsetting the protective effects of metformin. This pharmacoepidemiological study represents a concerted effort to assess latent drug properties that may have a significant impact on the clinical management of patients with DM.
A Universal Visual Detection Method for Camellia oleifera Fruit Picking Robot
Authors: Wang Jinpeng , Yuan Fei , Zhou Jialiang , He Meng , Zhen Qianguang , Fang Chenzhe , Chen Sunan , Zhou Hongping
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the application of robots in the field of fruit picking has steadily increased. Mechanized methods for harvesting oil tea fruits include comb picking, vibratory picking, and gripping picking, among others. Traditional reliance on a single‐picking method is limited by variability in fruit size, shading, and environmental conditions. To develop a universal vision system suitable for picking robots capable of multiple picking methods and achieve intelligent harvesting of oil tea fruits. This paper proposes an enhanced You Only Look Once v7 (YOLOv7)‐based oil tea fruits recognition method specifically designed for subsequent clamp or comb picking. The network's feature extraction capability is enhanced by incorporating an attention mechanism, an optimized small target detection layer, and an improved training loss function, thereby improving its detection of occluded and small target fruits. An innovative Automatic Assignment (AA) method clusters and subclusters the detected oil tea fruits, providing crucial fruit distribution data to optimize the robot's picking strategy. Additionally, for vibration harvesting, this paper introduces a vibration point detection method utilizing the Pyramid Scene Parsing Network (PSPNet) semantic segmentation network combined with connectivity domain analysis to identify vibration points on the trunks and branches of oil tea trees. Experimental results demonstrate that the generalized visual detection method proposed in this study surpasses existing models in identifying oil tea fruit trees, with the enhanced YOLOv7 model achieving mean average precision, recall, and accuracy of 91.7%, 94.0%, and 94.9%, respectively. The AA method achieves clustering and subclustering of oil tea fruits with a processing delay of under 5 ms. For vibration harvesting, PSPNet achieves branch segmentation precision, recall, and intersection ratio of 97.3%, 96.5%, and 94.5%, respectively. The proposed branch vibration point detection method attains a detection accuracy of 93%, effectively pinpointing vibration points on the trunks and branches of oil tea trees. Overall, the proposed visual method can be implemented in robots using various picking techniques to enable automated harvesting.
Toward Universal Embodied Planning in Scalable Heterogeneous Field Robots Collaboration and Control
Authors: Wan Hanwen , Zhang Yuhan , Wang Junjie , Wu Donghao , Li Mengkang , Chen Xilun , Deng Yixuan , Huang Yuxuan , Sun Zhenglong , Zhang Lin , Ji Xiaoqiang
Published: January 2025

Multi‐robot systems offer substantial enhancements in efficiency, scalability, robustness, and flexibility for executing complex tasks through collaborative efforts. However, existing methodologies are constrained by their lack of generalizability, the need for extensive modeling, and most importantly, limitations in their applicability in complex scenarios. This paper presents a novel approach to multi‐robot task planning and coordination, introducing a comprehensive pipeline encompassing data generation, supervised fine‐tuning, and rigorous error analysis using the Multi‐Robot collaboration Error Diagnostic (MRED) metrics. Bridging the gap between natural language commands and physical groundings in robot collaboration tasks, we present MultiPlan: the first data set specifically designed for LLM fine‐tuning. The MultiPlan data set encompasses 100 distinct indoor and outdoor scenarios, ranging from office to garden. Experiments underscore the efficacy of the proposed methodology, including comparative analyses against state‐of‐the‐art LLMs and generalization studies on previously unseen tasks. Results reveal that the fine‐tuned model achieves a 24.8% relative improvement over the GPT‐4 model in addressing complex multi‐robot planning scenarios. We also conducted field evaluations in both office and urban settings to demonstrate the deployment performance of the proposed method. These results demonstrate the model's superior capabilities in task decomposition, error management, and adaptation to novel contexts.
QSAR Modeling of Pyridone Derivatives as α‐amylase Inhibitors Using Chemical Descriptors and Machine Learning
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Kun , Tong Jian‐Bo , Chang Ze‐Lei , Yan Jing , Xing Xiao‐Yu , Yang Yu‐Lu , Xue Zhan
Published: January 2025

Diabetes is a prevalent chronic metabolic disorder that affects the lives and health of millions of individuals annually. α‐amylase, a key digestive enzyme, plays a critical role in carbohydrate digestion. Inhibition of α‐amylase activity can effectively slow the digestion of carbohydrates, thereby aiding in the maintenance of stable blood glucose levels. Consequently, the identification and development of potent α‐amylase inhibitors have become a significant research focus in diabetes management. This study employed a modeling approach based on chemical descriptors and machine learning techniques to systematically explore the relationship between the chemical structures of 32 pyridone derivatives and their α‐amylase inhibitory activity. A robust and predictive quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) model was developed through optimization with the Sparrow algorithm, Monte carlo domain applicability evaluation, and Y‐randomization testing. Utilizing this model in conjunction with data from the ZINC15 database, 23 potential compounds exhibiting favorable activity were designed. Further evaluation through SwissADME performance predictions identified three compounds with high inhibitory potential. Molecular docking studies provided insights into the potential binding modes and mechanisms of action of these compounds. The results of this study offer valuable theoretical support for the development of pyridone derivatives as potential therapeutic agents for diabetes and provide novel insights for the discovery of α‐amylase inhibitors.
Advancing SilverSil Sol–Gel Chemistry Toward Practical Application
Authors: Li Petri Giovanna , Ciriminna Rosaria , Pagliaro Mario
Published: January 2025

Consisting of organically‐modified silica entrapping silver nanoparticles originally derived from methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) only, the SilverSil sol–gel coating shows significant antimicrobial activity (in vitro). Now, we report the outcomes of investigation aimed at developing SilverSil coatings to functionalize textiles. We investigate the use of 3‐(aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) to stabilize the SilverSil nanosol precursor and increase the Ag nanoparticle encapsulation efficiency. We further study the effect of selected parameters of the sol–gel polycondensation process in sight of practical application of SilverSil as a low‐cost antibacterial coating of broad scope and limited antimicrobial resistance.
Enhancing Zn Deposition Reversibility on MXene Current Collectors by Forming ZnF2‐Containing Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase for Anode‐Free Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Chen Chaofan , Guo Rui , Ganapathy Swapna , Terpstra Baukje , Wang Hao , Lei Zhibin , Ooms Frans , Boshuizen Bart , Wagemaker Marnix , Bannenberg Lars J. , Wang Xuehang
Published: January 2025

Anode‐free aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) offer significant potential for energy storage due to their low cost and environmental benefits. Ti3C2Tx MXene provides several advantages over traditional metallic current collectors like Cu and Ti, including better Zn plating affinity, lightweight, and flexibility. However, self‐freestanding MXene current collectors in AZMBs remain underexplored, likely due to challenges with Zn deposition reversibility. This study investigates the combination of a Ti3C2Tx self‐freestanding film with advanced electrolyte engineering, specifically examining the effects of Li‐salt and propylene carbonate (PC) as additives on Zn plating reversibility. While using Li+ ions as an additive alone facilitates uniform Zn deposition on bulk metals through the electrostatic shielding effect, the addition of Li‐salt negatively impacts Zn plating uniformity on Ti3C2Tx. Meanwhile, using PC additive alone forms an organic SEI layer on Ti3C2Tx and causes Zn agglomeration. The use of both additives together results in a ZnF2‐containing hybrid SEI layer with improved interfacial kinetics, promoting more uniform Zn deposition. This approach achieves an average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 96.8% over 150 cycles (a maximum CE of 97.8%). The study highlights the strategic difference in electrolyte design, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches to optimize Zn deposition on MXenes, contrasting with traditional metallic current collectors.
Activating Reversible V4+/V5+ Redox Couple in NASICON‐Type Phosphate Cathodes by High Entropy Substitution for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Siya , Bai Jin , Wang Peiyao , Mao Yunjie , Xiao Ke , Liu Yuanyuan , Qiu Shiyu , Zhu Xuebin , Zhao Bangchuan , Sun Yuping
Published: January 2025

Vanadium‐based Na superionic conductor (NASICON) type materials (NaxVM(PO4)3, M = transition metals) have attracted extensive attention when used as sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) cathodes due to their stable structures and large Na+ diffusion channels. However, the materials have poor electrical conductivity and mediocre energy density, which hinder their practical applications. Activating the V4+/V5+ redox couple (V4+/V5+≈4.1 V vs Na+/Na) is an effective way to elevate the energy density of SIBs, whereas the irreversible phase transition of V4+/V5+ and severe structural distortion will inevitably result in fast capacity fading and unsatisfactory rate capability. Herein, a high entropy regulation strategy is proposed to optimize the detailed crystal structure and improve the reversibility of crystalline phase transformation and electrical conductivity of the material. With the activated reversible V4+/V5+ redox couple, stable structure, and fast electrochemical kinetics, the high entropy material Na3.2V1.5Fe0.1Al0.1Cr0.1Mn0.1Cu0.1(PO4)3 (NVMP‐HE) exhibits an outstanding electrochemical performance with highly reversible specific capacity of 120.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and excellent cycling stability (92.4% retention after 1000 cycles at 20 C). Besides, the in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurement reveals that a smooth three‐phase transition reaction is involved in this high‐entropy cathode and the existence of mesophase facilitates a fast phase transition.
Exploring ChatGPT's Potential in Java API Method Recommendation: An Empirical Study
Authors: Wang Ye , Xue Weihao , Huang Qiao , Jiang Bo , Zhang Hua
Published: January 2025

As software development grows increasingly complex, application programming interface (API) plays a significant role in enhancing development efficiency and code quality. However, the explosive growth in the number of APIs makes it impossible for developers to become familiar with all of them. In actual development scenarios, developers may spend a significant amount of time searching for suitable APIs, which could severely impact the development process. Recently, the OpenAI's large language model (LLM) based application—ChatGPT has shown exceptional performance across various software development tasks, responding swiftly to instructions and generating high‐quality textual responses, suggesting its potential in API recommendation tasks. Thus, this paper presents an empirical study to investigate the performance of ChatGPT in query‐based API recommendation tasks. Specifically, we utilized the existing benchmark APIBENCH‐Q and the newly constructed dataset as evaluation datasets, selecting the state‐of‐the‐art models BIKER and MULAREC for comparison with ChatGPT. Our research findings demonstrate that ChatGPT outperforms existing approaches in terms of success rate, mean reciprocal rank (MRR), and mean average precision (MAP). Through a manual examination of samples in which ChatGPT exceeds baseline performance and those where it provides incorrect answers, we further substantiate ChatGPT's advantages over the baselines and identify several issues contributing to its suboptimal performance. To address these issues and enhance ChatGPT's recommendation capabilities, we employed two strategies: (1) utilizing a more advanced LLM (GPT‐4) and (2) exploring a new approach—MACAR, which is based on the Chain of Thought methodology. The results indicate that both strategies are effective.
Improving Spatial Transcriptomics with Membrane‐Based Boundary Definition and Enhanced Single‐Cell Resolution
Authors: Song Li , Wang Liqun , He Zitian , Cui Xiao , Peng Cheng , Xu Jie , Yong Zhouying , Liu Yanmei , Fei Ji‐Feng
Published: January 2025

Accurately defining cell boundaries for spatial transcriptomics is technically challenging. The current major approaches are nuclear staining or mathematical inference, which either exclude the cytoplasm or determine a hypothetical boundary. Here, a new method is introduced for defining cell boundaries: labeling cell membranes using genetically coded fluorescent proteins, which allows precise indexing of sequencing spots and transcripts within cells on sections. Use of this membrane‐based method greatly increases the number of genes captured in cells compared to the number captured using nucleus‐based methods; the numbers of genes are increased by 67% and 119% in mouse and axolotl livers, respectively. The obtained expression profiles are more consistent with single‐cell RNA‐seq data, demonstrating more rational clustering and apparent cell type‐specific markers. Furthermore, improved single‐cell resolution is achieved to better identify rare cell types and elaborate spatial domains in the axolotl brain and intestine. In addition to regular cells, accurate recognition of multinucleated cells and cells lacking nuclei in the mouse liver is achieved, demonstrating its ability to analyze complex tissues and organs, which is not achievable using previous methods. This study provides a powerful tool for improving spatial transcriptomics that has broad potential for its applications in the biological and medical sciences.
Reinforced Piled Embankment with Subsoil in Plane Strain and Three-Dimensional Conditions
Authors: Zhuang Yan
Published: January 2025

In Chap. 4, the authors considered predictions of reinforcement tension in a piled embankment based on British standard BS 8006 published in 2010 and the 2012 amended version, and compared the results with finite-element model predictions.
Semi-visible jets + X: illuminating dark showers with radiation
Authors: Liu Bingxuan , Pedro Kevin
Published: January 2025

Abstract

We investigate the potential to search for semi-visible jets (SVJs) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) using initial-state radiation (ISR). Both photon ISR and jet ISR channels are considered, using a benchmark signal model with the decay of a leptophobic Z

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mediator forming two SVJs. We compare and extend several techniques to decompose the missing transverse momentum into per-jet contributions, in order to reconstruct the mediator mass and to define a new observable measuring the fraction of invisible dark hadrons. The presence of ISR facilitates the identification of the SVJs, and the resulting boost improves the resolution of the observables, especially for models with high invisible fractions. We combine the two observables to propose a complete search strategy and discuss an extension of the strategy to probe the whole model parameter space.