bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of child morbidity in two contrasting medieval cemeteries from Denmark
Authors: Bennike P. , Lewis M.E. , Schutkowski H. , Valentin F.
Published: July 2005

This study compares associations between demographic profiles, long bone lengths, bone mineral content, and frequencies of stress indicators in the preadult populations of two medieval skeletal assemblages from Denmark. One is from a leprosarium, and thus probably represents a disadvantaged group (Næstved). The other comes from a normal, and in comparison rather privileged, medieval community (Æbelholt). Previous studies of the adult population indicated differences between the two skeletal collections with regard to mortality, dental size, and metabolic and specific infectious disease. The two samples were analyzed against the view known as the “osteological paradox” (Wood et al. [1992] Curr. Anthropol. 33:343–370), according to which skeletons displaying pathological modification are likely to represent the healthier individuals of a population, whereas those without lesions would have died without acquiring modifications as a result of a depressed immune response. Results reveal that older age groups among the preadults from Næstved are shorter and have less bone mineral content than their peers from Æbelholt. On average, the Næstved children have a higher prevalence of stress indicators, and in some cases display skeletal signs of leprosy. This is likely a result of the combination of compromised health and social disadvantage, thus supporting a more traditional interpretation. The study provides insights into the health of children from two different biocultural settings of medieval Danish society and illustrates the importance of comparing samples of single age groups. Am J Phys Anthropol 127:, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dominant form of vanishing white matter–like leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Labauge Pierre , Fogli Anne , Castelnovo Giovanni , Le Bayon Alice , Horzinski Laetitia , Nicoli François , Cozzone Patrick , Pagès Michel , Briere Caroline , Marty‐Double Christiane , Delhaume Olivier , Gelot Antoinette , Boespflug‐Tanguy Odile , Rodriguez Diana
Published: July 2005

Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter syndrome (childhood ataxia with central nervous system hypomyelination/vanishing white matter disease) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the occurrence of acute episodes of deterioration after minor head trauma or infection, and symmetrical demyelination on magnetic resonance with cavitation aspects. Mutations in each of the five subunits of eIF2B have been identified. We report in an affected man and his mother an adult‐onset form of childhood ataxia with central nervous system hypomyelination/vanishing white matter disease–like disorder with no mutations in the EIF2B genes and normal guanine nucleotide exchange factor eIF2B activity, suggesting a new dominant inheritance of this syndrome that may involve other genes. Ann Neurol 2005
Improving judgmental forecasts with judgmental bootstrapping and task feedback support
Authors: O'Connor Marcus , Remus William , Lim Kai
Published: July 2005

This study examines the utility of two widely advocated methods for supporting judgmental forecasts—providing task feedback and providing judgmental bootstrapping support. In a simulated laboratory based experiment that focused on producing composite sales forecasts from three individual components, we compared the effectiveness of these two methods in improving final judgmental forecasts. In the presence of cognitive feedback task, feedback led to better forecasts than providing judgmental bootstrap forecasts. Simply providing bootstrap forecasts was of no additional benefit over a control condition. This was true in terms of the Brunswik Lens model measures of achievement, knowledge, and consistency, and in terms of forecast accuracy. This occurred both in stable environments and when special events (unusual one‐time events requiring adjustments to the forecasts) arose. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die Schreibkreide: Ein Meer am Ende der Kreidezeit
Authors: Reich Mike , Frenzel Peter , Herrig Ekkehard
Published: July 2005

Die Schreibkreide ist ein biogenes Gestein der Schelfmeere, gebildet von mikroskopisch kleinen Organismen unter den besonderen Bedingungen einer Treibhauswelt. Durch mehr als 200 Jahre Forschung zur Paläontologie und Geologie der Schreibkreide‐Vorkommen im nördlichen und westlichen Europa wissen wir heute vieles über die Bildung der Schreibkreide und ihre hochdiverse Lebewelt. Das Gestein wurde im Wesentlichen durch herabsinkende, planktische Kalkflagellaten gebildet, die mit ihren Skeletten ein wasserhaltiges Sediment, einen Weichboden schufen. Viele Arten passten sich diesem Weichboden an, andere bevorzugten die wenigen, sekundären Hartgründe. Auffälligste Bewohner der Wassersäule dieser vergangenen Meereswelt waren sicherlich Belemniten und Ammoniten, zwei ausgestorbene Cephalopodengruppen, aber auch Knochenfische und Haie. Riesige Meeresreptilien, die Mosasaurier, waren die Top‐Prädatoren. Die Welt der Ober‐Kreide ging mit einem großen Aussterbe‐Ereignis an der Kreide/Tertiär‐Grenze unter.
Der Darm – ein gefährdetes Ökosystem: Warum “moderne” Nahrungsmittel auch schädlich sein können
Authors: Ledochowski Maximilian
Published: July 2005

Der menschliche Dickdarm ist mit vielen Bakterien versehen, die aufgrund ihrer großen Anzahl eine nicht zu vernachlässigende Stoffwechselaktivität aufweisen. So stellt der menschliche Stuhl ein eigenes Ökosystem dar, das vor allem von den nicht resorbierten Nahrungsbestandteilen, aber auch von der Resorptionsleistung des Darmes, der Abschilferung des Darmepithels und den Serumeiweißverlusten in den Darm beeinflusst wird. Damit keine Krankheiten entstehen, muss der menschliche Organismus mit diesem Ökosystem im funktionellen Gleichgewicht stehen. “Moderne” Nahrungsmittel, wie zum Beispiel Pro‐, Prä‐ und Symbiotika, die allgemein als “gesund” gelten, können die Darmflora ins Ungleichgewicht bringen und zu Beschwerden führen. Probiotische Mikroorganismen und Ballaststoffe haben demnach nicht immer nur günstige Eigenschaften und sollten von der Nahrungsmittelindustrie mit größerer Vorsicht eingesetzt werden.
Westerwälder Seenplatte: Die Exkursion
Authors: Roth Hermann J.
Published: July 2005

Als Kulturlandschaft von hoher ökologischer Bedeutung ist die Westerwälder Seenplatte einmalig für Rheinland‐Pfalz und das Rheinische Schiefergebirge. Als Brut‐ und Rastgebiet bestandsbedrohter Arten, Lebensraum von Reptilien und Amphibien sowie aufgrund seiner seltenen Verlandungs‐ und Teichbodengesellschaften steht ein Teil des innerhalb von 300 Jahren entstandenen Areals unter Naturschutz.
Fürsorglich und flexibel: Die Striemengrasmaus
Authors: Wiedon Annette
Published: July 2005

Die im südlichen Afrika weit verbreitete Striemengrasmaus (Rhabdomys pumilio) passt ihr Sozialverhalten an unterschiedliche ökologische Bedingungen an. Diese Flexibilität macht sie zu einem wichtigen Studienmodell, um Einflüsse verschiedener Umweltfaktoren auf Sozialsysteme von Säugetieren zu untersuchen. Das seltene Phänomen der väterlichen Fürsorge ist dabei Teil der sozialen Strategie der Männchen.
“FasziNatur” – Natur entdecken
Authors: Vogtmann Hartmut , Brickwedde Fritz , Schulte Kerstin
Published: July 2005

Naturschutzgerechte Landnutzungsformen sowie gemeinsame Initiativen mit Land‐, Forst‐ und Wasserwirtschaft sind mehr denn je gefragt. “FasziNatur”, die Gemeinschaftsausstellung der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU) und des Bundesamtes für Naturschutz (BfN) zeigt hierfür beispielhafte Ansätze. Der Titel verdeutlicht die Ausstellungsziele, denn “Faszination” und “Natur” sind zwei Begriffe, die untrennbar zusammengehören.
Friedrich Schaudinn
Authors: Penzlin Heinz
Published: July 2005

Die Syphilis, die wahrscheinlich mit den aus Amerika zurückkehrenden Seeleuten von Kolumbus nach Europa gebracht wurde, ist wegen ihrer Spätfolgen die gefährlichste aller Geschlechtskrankheiten. Sie trat um 1500 erstmals massiv auf und führte zum drastischen Rückgang des städtischen Badelebens. Als Heilmittel fanden das Holz des Guajakbaums und später Quecksilberpräparate Anwendung. Erst die Entdeckung des Erregers durch Fritz Schaudinn stellte die Syphilis‐Forschung auf eine solide Basis. Mit der Einführung des Salvarsans (einem organischen Arsenpräparat) durch Paul Ehrlich und Sahachiro Hata (1910) stand ein relativ wirksames Mittel zur Verfügung, das 1943 vom Penicillin abgelöst wurde.
Crystal Structure of the New Ternary Silicides Dy18Pt50+xSi16‐x (x = 0.28) and Y18Pt50+xSi16‐x (x = 0.56).
Authors: Tursina A. I. , Gribanov A. V. , Noel H. , Rogl P. , Seropegin Y. D.
Published: July 2005

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Crystal Structure of the New Compound FeHo6Sb2.
Authors: Zeng Lingmin , Cai Gemei , Xu Xiaojie
Published: July 2005

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Crystal Structure of the Primitive Orthorhombic ε′‐(Al,Si)4Cr Phase.
Authors: He Z. B. , Kuo K. H.
Published: July 2005

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Osmium Diboride, an Ultra‐Incompressible, Hard Material.
Authors: Cumberland Robert W. , Weinberger Michelle B. , Gilman John J. , Clark Simon M. , Tolbert Sarah H. , Kaner Richard B.
Published: July 2005

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X‐Ray Excited Luminescent Properties of Apatitic Compounds Ba5(PO4)3X (X: OH‐, Cl‐, Br‐); Structure and Hydroxyl Ion Conductivity of Barium Hydroxylapatite.
Authors: Duan Cheng‐Jun , Wu Xue‐Yan , Liu Wei , Chen Hao‐Hong , Yang Xin‐Xin , Zhao Jing‐Tai
Published: July 2005

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Bidimensional Sodium Ionic Conduction of Oxyborates Na2M2(BO3)2O (M: Al, Ga) and Na2‐2xCaxGa2(BO3)2O (x = 0.25, 0.50).
Authors: Corbel Gwenael , Mazza Daniele , Bohnke Odile , Leblanc Marc
Published: July 2005

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Visible‐Light‐Induced H2 Evolution from an Aqueous Solution Containing Sulfide and Sulfite over a ZnS—CuInS2—AgInS2 Solid‐Solution Photocatalyst.
Authors: Tsuji Issei , Kato Hideki , Kudo Akihiko
Published: July 2005

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Topotactic Oxidation of TiGaPO‐1, a Pyridine‐Templated Titanium Gallophosphate with a New Octahedral‐Tetrahedral 3‐D Framework Structure Containing TiIII/TiIV.
Authors: Chippindale Ann M. , Grimshaw Mark R. , Powell Anthony V. , Cowley Andrew R.
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Zr3N4 and Hf3N4 Powders from Metal Dialkylamides.
Authors: Li Jinwang , Dzivenko Dmytro , Zerr Andreas , Fasel Claudia , Zhou Yanping , Riedel Ralf
Published: July 2005

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Inorganic‐Solvent‐Thermal Route to Nanocrystalline Nickel Aluminide Intermetallics (Ni3Al).
Authors: Ma Jianhua , Du Yihong
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis, Structure and Properties of LnMn1/2Rh1/2O3 (Ln: Rare Earth).
Authors: Haque Md. Tahidul , Kamegashira Naoki
Published: July 2005

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Highly Enantioselective Friedel—Crafts Alkylations of Pyrroles and Indoles with α′‐Hydroxy Enones under Cu(II)‐Simple Bis(oxazoline) Catalysis.
Authors: Palomo Claudio , Oiarbide Mikel , Kardak Bharat G. , Garcia Jesus M. , Linden Anthony
Published: July 2005

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Highly Stereoselective Reactions of γ‐Sulfinyl Carbanions with Achiral Imines
Authors: Garcia Ruano Jose Luis , Aleman Jose , Parra Alejandro
Published: July 2005

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Kinetic Resolution and Chemoenzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Functionalized γ‐Hydroxy Amides.
Authors: Fransson Ann‐Britt L. , Boren Linnea , Pamies Oscar , Baeckvall Jan‐E.
Published: July 2005

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Ketyl—Allene Cyclizations Promoted by Samarium(II) Iodide.
Authors: Molander Gary A. , Cormier Elizabeth Pollina
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Heterocycles from Benzocycloheptenones.
Authors: Venkateswarlu Peesapati , Vasireddy Nageswara Rao
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of 1,2,3,9a‐Tetrahydro‐9H‐imidazo[1,2‐a]indole‐2‐thione and 1,5,6,10b‐Tetrahydroimidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline‐2(3H)‐thione Derivatives
Authors: Valaityte E. , Martynaitis V. , Sackus A.
Published: July 2005

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Michael Addition of Chiral Formaldehyde N,N‐Dialkylhydrazones to Activated Cyclic Alkenes.
Authors: Vazquez Juan , Cristea Elena , Diez Elena , Lassaletta Jose M. , Prieto Auxiliadora , Fernandez Rosario
Published: July 2005

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Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Additions to Aldehydes Using the Bifunctional Reagent 2‐(Chloromethyl)‐3‐(tributylstannyl)propene: Application to a Synthesis of the C16—C27 Segment of Bryostatin 1.
Authors: Keck Gary E. , Yu Tao , McLaws Mark D.
Published: July 2005

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ArS‐Mediated AdE Reaction of the Cobaltcarbonyl‐Complexed Conjugated Enynes
Authors: Tumanov Vasilii V. , Smit William A.
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of Functionalized Nitroarylmagnesium Halides via an Iodine—Magnesium Exchange.
Authors: Sapountzis Ioannis , Dube Henry , Lewis Robert , Gommermann Nina , Knochel Paul
Published: July 2005

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Co2(CO)8 as Novel and Water‐Tolerant Reagent for the Conversion of Azides to Amines in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. S. , Satheesh G. , Rao K. Raghavender
Published: July 2005

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A New Access to the Synthesis of Optically Pure β‐Aminosulfides
Authors: Arroyo Y. , Meana A. , Rodriguez J. F. , Santos M. , Sanz‐Tejedor M. A. , Garcia Ruano J. L.
Published: July 2005

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Vanadium‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Cyclopropanemethanols to Homoallylic Alcohols Involving C—C Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Maeda Yasunari , Nishimura Takahiro , Uemura Sakae
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of Aryl Sulfones via L‐Proline‐Promoted CuI‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Aryl Halides with Sulfinic Acid Salts.
Authors: Zhu Wei , Ma Dawei
Published: July 2005

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A Facile Method for the Synthesis of Thiocarbamates: Palladium‐Catalyzed Reaction of Disulfide, Amine, and Carbon Monoxide.
Authors: Nishiyama Yutaka , Kawamatsu Hiroaki , Sonoda Noboru
Published: July 2005

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Efficient Stille Cross‐Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by the Pd(OAc)2/Dabco Catalytic System.
Authors: Li Jin‐Heng , Liang Yun , Wang De‐Ping , Liu Wen‐Jie , Xie Ye‐Xiang , Yin Du‐Lin
Published: July 2005

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Parallel Synthesis of Strongly Fluorescent Polysubstituted 2,6‐Dicyanoanilines via Microwave‐Promoted Multicomponent Reaction.
Authors: Cui Sun‐Liang , Lin Xu‐Feng , Wang Yan‐Guang
Published: July 2005

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A Convenient Palladium Catalyzed Synthesis of Symmetric Biaryls, Biheterocycles and Biaryl Chiral Diamides.
Authors: Goswami Shyamaprosad , Adak Avijit Kumar , Mukherjee Reshmi , Jana Subrata , Dey Swapan , Gallagher John F.
Published: July 2005

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Preparation of para‐Terphenylylalkanethiols with Different Chain Lengths
Authors: Mueller Jan , Brunnbauer Markus , Schmidt Michael , Zimmermann Anja , Terfort Andreas
Published: July 2005

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An Easy Access to Unsymmetric Trisubstituted Methane Derivatives (TRSMs).
Authors: Das Sajal Kumar , Shagufta Shagufta , Panda Gautam
Published: July 2005

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Boronic Acids as Versatile Aryl Sources for the Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Diarylmethanols on Multigram Scale.
Authors: Rudolph Jens , Schmidt Frank , Bolm Carsten
Published: July 2005

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Controlling Chemoselectivity in Reactions of Unprotected Naphthalene‐1‐carboxylic Acid with Strong Bases.
Authors: Tilly David , Castanet Anne‐Sophie , Mortier Jacques
Published: July 2005

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Regiocontrolled Benzannulation of Diaryl(gem‐dichlorocyclopropyl)methanols for the Synthesis of Unsymmetrically Substituted α‐Arylnaphthalenes: Application to Total Synthesis of Natural Lignan Lactones.
Authors: Nishii Yoshinori , Yoshida Taichi , Asano Hirofumi , Wakasugi Kazunori , Morita Jun‐ichi , Aso Yoshifumi , Yoshida Eri , Motoyoshiya Jiro , Aoyama Hiromu , Tanabe Yoo
Published: July 2005

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Nucleophilic Epoxidation of α‐Sulfonyl‐α,β‐Unsaturated Esters with m‐CPBA
Authors: Garcia Ruano J. L. , Fajardo C. , Fraile A. , Martin M. R.
Published: July 2005

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Asymmetric Synthesis of Bicyclic β‐Lactones via the Intramolecular, Nucleophile‐Catalyzed Aldol Lactonization: Improved Efficiency and Expanded Scope.
Authors: Oh Seong Ho , Cortez Guillermo S. , Romo Daniel
Published: July 2005

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Tetrathiafulvalene: A Paradigmatic Electron Donor Molecule
Authors: Herranz M. Angeles , Sanchez Luis , Martin Nazario
Published: July 2005

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Cyclization at Very High Temperature. Thermal Transformations of N‐Alkyl and N,N‐Dialkyl Cinnamic Amides into Pyrrolidin‐2‐ones under FVT Conditions.
Authors: Lesniak Stanislaw , Pasternak Beata
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of 5‐Alkyl‐4‐polyfluoroacylpyrrole‐2,3(1H)‐diones.
Authors: Krasnykh O. P. , Karpenko N. S. , Filyakova V. I.
Published: July 2005

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Atom‐Economic, Solvent‐Free, High Yield Synthesis of 2‐(Pyrrol‐1‐yl)propyldiorganylphosphines.
Authors: Trofimov Boris A. , Gusarova Nina K. , Sukhov Boris G. , Malysheva Svetlana F. , Tarasova Olga A. , Belogorlova Natalya A. , Maximova Marina A. , Tunik Sergey P.
Published: July 2005

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Regioselective Cyclization of Unsymmetrical Dicyanoanilines to Novel 2,3‐Bifunctionalized Indole Regioisomers and Their Use in the Synthesis of 4,5‐Dihydro[1,3]oxazino[5,4‐b]indole‐6‐carbonitriles.
Authors: Maitraie D. , Reddy G. Venkat , Rao V. V. V. N. S. Rama , Ravikanth S. , Narsaiah B. , Rao P. Shanthan , Ravikumar K. , Sridhar B.
Published: July 2005

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Chemoselective Reaction of Benz[g]indole Dicarboxylate Towards Hydrazine Hydrate: Bisheterocycles: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New 1‐[2‐Hydroxyethyl] ‐3‐ethoxycarbonyl‐5‐oxadiazolyl/triazolyl/pyrrolylaminocarbonylmethoxy‐2 ‐methylbenz[g]indoles.
Authors: Bhovi Manjunath G. , Gadaginamath Guru S.
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of Fluoroalkyl‐Containing 1,2,3‐Triketone 2‐Hetarylhydrazones and Their Reactions with Hydrazines.
Authors: Shchegol'kov E. V. , Burgart Ya. V. , Khudina O. G. , Saloutin V. I. , Chupakhin O. N.
Published: July 2005

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Catalytic Asymmetric Intramolecular Aminopalladation: Improved Palladium(II) Catalysts.
Authors: Kirsch Stefan F. , Overman Larry E.
Published: July 2005

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Selenium‐Catalyzed Reductive Carbonylation of 2‐Nitrophenols to 2‐Benzoxazolones.
Authors: Wang Xiaofang , Ling Gang , Xue Yan , Lu Shiwei
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some 5‐[2‐(Morpholin‐4‐yl)acetamido] and/or 5‐[2‐(4‐Substituted piperazin‐1‐yl)acetamido]‐2‐(p‐substituted phenyl)benzoxazoles.
Authors: Temiz‐Arpaci Oezlem , Oezdemir Aliye , Yalcin Ismail , Yildiz Ilkay , Aki‐Sener Esin , Altanlar Nurten
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of Novel Derivatives of 2‐(Azolylimino)thiazoline.
Authors: Eltsov O. S. , Mokrushin V. S. , Tkachev A. V.
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of Some 1,2,4‐Triazoles as Potential Antifungal Agents.
Authors: Siddiqui Anees A. , Arora Amit , Siddiqui N. , Misra Amit
Published: July 2005

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Heterocyclic Synthesis Using Nitrile Imines. Part 4. Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 1‐Aryl‐1,2,4‐triazaspiroalk‐2‐enes.
Authors: Dalloul H. M.
Published: July 2005

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Highly Substituted Tetrahydropyrones from Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reactions of 2‐Alkenals with Stereochemical Induction from Chiral Dienes.
Authors: Ruijter Eelco , Schueltingkemper Heike , Wessjohann Ludger A.
Published: July 2005

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Base‐Induced Enantioselective Synthesis of Sulfinyl Dihydropyrans
Authors: de la Pradilla Roberto Fernandez , Tortosa Mariola
Published: July 2005

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Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Functionalized Flavones under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Seijas Julio A. , Vazquez‐Tato M. Pilar , Carballido‐Reboredo Raquel
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis and Reactivity of 2‐Polyfluoroalkylchromene‐4(4H)‐thiones.
Authors: Usachev B. I. , Shafeev M. A. , Sosnovskikh V. Ya.
Published: July 2005

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Petasis Reaction of Activated Quinoline and Isoquinoline with Various Boronic Acids.
Authors: Chang Yu Mi , Lee Seung Hwan , Nam Mi Hye , Cho Min Young , Park Young Sang , Yoon Cheol Min
Published: July 2005

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Solvent‐Free Neat Synthetic Route to Tetrahydroacridinones.
Authors: Kidwai M. , Rastogi S.
Published: July 2005

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Chloramine‐T Mediated Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazolyl‐1,8‐naphthyridines under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Mogilaiah K. , Reddy Ch Srinivas
Published: July 2005

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New Synthetic Approach to Substituted Isoindolo[2,1‐a]quinoline Carboxylic Acids via Intramolecular Diels—Alder Reaction of 4‐(Furyl‐2)‐4‐arylaminobutenes‐1 with Maleic Anhydride.
Authors: Zubkov Fedor I. , Boltukhina Ekaterina V. , Turchin Konstantin F. , Borisov Roman S. , Varlamov Alexey V.
Published: July 2005

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An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones by a Samarium Diiodide Catalyzed Biginelli Reaction under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Han Xiaoyan , Xu Fan , Luo Yiqin , Shen Qi
Published: July 2005

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Magnesium Chloride Hexahydrate Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2‐(1H)‐ones under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Zhang Guo‐Lin , Cai Xiao‐Hua
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis and Structures of Spiro‐σ‐Complexes Based on 2‐(2‐Benzylaminophenyl)5,6‐dimethylbenzimidazole.
Authors: Morozov P. G. , Kurbatov S. V. , Dolgushin F. M. , Antipin M. Yu. , Olekhnovich L. P.
Published: July 2005

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Novel Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 15‐Iminobenzothiazolo[2,3‐b]pyrimido[5,6‐e]pyrimido [2,3‐b]benzothiazol‐14(H)‐one and Its 3,10‐Disubstituted Derivatives.
Authors: Baheti K. G. , Jadhav J. S. , Suryavanshi A. T. , Kuberkar S. V.
Published: July 2005

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One‐Pot Synthesis of Novel Derivatives of Spiro‐[6H‐indolo[2,1‐b]quinazoline‐6,3′‐[1,2,4]oxadiazoline].
Authors: Azizian Javad , Madani Masoud , Souzangarzadeh Saeid
Published: July 2005

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Fluorine‐Containing Pyrido[1,2‐a]quinazolin‐6‐ones.
Authors: Nosova E. V. , Lipunova G. N. , Kodess M. I. , Vasil'eva P. V. , Charushin V. N.
Published: July 2005

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Regioselective One‐Pot Synthesis of 9‐Alkyl‐6‐chloropyrido[3,2‐e][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrazines. Reactivity of Aliphatic and Aromatic Hydrazides.
Authors: Unciti‐Broceta Asier , Pineda‐de‐las‐Infantas Maria J. , Diaz‐Mochon Juan J. , Romagnoli Romeo , Baraldi Pier G. , Gallo Miguel A. , Espinosa Antonio
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis and Structures of Pyridoanellated 1,2,3,4‐Tetrazine 1,3‐Dioxides.
Authors: Tartakovsky V. A. , Filatov I. E. , Churakov A. M. , Ioffe S. L. , Strelenko Yu. A. , Kuz'min V. S. , Rusinov G. L. , Pashkevich K. I.
Published: July 2005

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An Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 1,4‐Benzodiazepin‐3‐one as a Potential Molecular Scaffold.
Authors: Cabedo Nuria , Pannecoucke Xavier , Quirion Jean‐Charles
Published: July 2005

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Arbuzov Rearrangement in the 1,3,2‐Oxazaphosphinane Series.
Authors: Shipov A. E. , Genkina G. K. , Petrovskii P. V. , Mastryukova T. A.
Published: July 2005

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Silicon‐Induced Diastereoselectivity of the Catalyzed Phosphorylation of 1‐(Perfluoroalkyl)‐ω‐(trialkylsilyl)alkan‐1‐ols.
Authors: Molchanova G. N. , Shcherbina T. M. , Petrovskii P. V. , Kudryavtsev I. Yu. , Zakharov L. S.
Published: July 2005

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Reaction of O‐Phenylchloromethylthiophosphonyl Isothiocyanate with Dicyanomethane.
Authors: Bagautdinova R. Kh. , Khailova N. A. , Kamalov R. M. , Chmutova G. A. , Pudovik M. A. , Pudovik A. N.
Published: July 2005

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Lancifodilactone F: A Novel Nortriterpenoid Possessing a Unique Skeleton from Schisandra lancifolia and Its anti‐HIV Activity.
Authors: Xiao Wei‐Lie , Li Rong‐Tao , Li Sheng‐Hong , Li Xiao‐Li , Sun Han‐Dong , Zheng Yong‐Tang , Wang Rui‐Rui , Lu Yang , Wang Cheng , Zheng Qi‐Tai
Published: July 2005

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Sulfenic Acids from L‐Cysteine Involved in the Synthesis of Alliin Analogues
Authors: Aversa Maria Chiara , Baratucci Anna , Bonaccorsi Paola , Giannetto Placido
Published: July 2005

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Design and Synthesis of Novel Oxa‐Bridged Isoxazolidines and 1,3‐Aminoalcohols.
Authors: Kaliappan Krishna P. , Das Prasanta , Kumar Nirmal
Published: July 2005

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Mixed S/P Ligands from Carbohydrates: Synthesis and Utilization in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Khiar Noureddine , Suarez Belen , Stiller Michaela , Valdivia Victoria , Fernandez Inmaculada
Published: July 2005

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Utilization of 1,2‐Thioalkyl Shifts for Alkaloid Synthesis
Authors: Padwa Albert
Published: July 2005

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Solvolysis of Allylic Prostaglandin Mesylates: Moderate 1,3‐syn‐Stereoselectivity.
Authors: Lapitskaya M. A. , Demin P. M. , Zatonsky G. V. , Pivnitsky K. K.
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of Feigrisolide C.
Authors: Kim Woo Han , Jung Jae Hoon , Sung Lee Taek , Lim Sang Min , Lee Eun
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of Two Naturally Occurring 4‐Hydroxylated Butenolides with PTP1B Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Zhao Ya , Jiang Sheng , Guo Yue‐Wei , Yao Zhu‐Jun
Published: July 2005

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d0 Ferromagnetism
Authors: Coey J. M. D.
Published: July 2005

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Single‐Particle Nanomagnetism
Authors: Barbara Bernard
Published: July 2005

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Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation Studies on Actinide Ions and Models of Actinide Complexes
Authors: Desreux Jean F.
Published: July 2005

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The Nucleation, Growth, and Stability of Oxide‐Supported Metal Clusters
Authors: Wallace W. T. , Min B. K. , Goodman D. W.
Published: July 2005

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2004 Bader Award Lecture Metal‐ion‐catalyzed Acyl and Phosphoryl Transfer Reactions to Alcohols: La3+‐Promoted Alcoholysis of Activated Amides, Carboxylates Esters, and Neutral Organophosphorus Esters
Authors: Brown R. Stan , Neverov Alexei A. , Tsang Josephine S. W. , Gibson Graham T. T. , Montoya‐Pelaez Pedro J.
Published: July 2005

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Organohypervalent Iodine: Development, Applications, and Future Directions
Authors: Moriarty Robert M.
Published: July 2005

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Application of Diazocarbonyls in the Synthesis of Chemical Libraries
Authors: Clapham Bruce
Published: July 2005

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Fluorous Tagging Strategy for Solution‐Phase Synthesis of Small Molecules, Peptides and Oligosaccharides
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: July 2005

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Alkynyl Grignard Reagents
Authors: Yanagisawa A.
Published: July 2005

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Design, Chirality, and Flexibility in Nanoporous Molecule‐Based Materials
Authors: Bradshaw D. , Claridge J. B. , Cussen E. J. , Prior T. J. , Rosseinsky M. J.
Published: July 2005

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Microporous Porphyrin Solids
Authors: Suslick Kenneth S. , Bhyrappa P. , Chou J.‐H. , Kosal Margaret E. , Nakagaki Shirley , Smithenry Dennis W. , Wilson Scott R.
Published: July 2005

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Advances on the Chemistry of Furano‐Diterpenoids from Teucrium genus
Authors: Piozzi Franco , Bruno Maurizio , Rosselli Sergio , Maggio Antonella
Published: July 2005

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DNA Microarrays as Decoding Tools in Combinatorial Chemistry and Chemical Biology
Authors: Lovrinovic Marina , Niemeyer Christof M.
Published: July 2005

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Functionalization and Synthetic Application of Pyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones
Authors: Kim Sung‐Kyu , Kweon Deok‐Heon , Cho Su‐Dong , Kang Young‐Jin , Park Ki‐Hun , Lee Sang‐Gyeong , Yoon Yong‐Jin
Published: July 2005

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Pyrimido[4,5‐c]pyridazine‐5,7(6H,8H)‐diones: Marvelous Substrates for Study of Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen
Authors: Pozharskii Alexander F. , Gulevskaya Anna V.
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis and Heterocyclizations of 3‐Alkynyl‐6,8‐dimethylpyrimido[4,5‐c]pyridazine‐5,7(6H,8H)‐diones and Their Lumazine Analogues
Authors: Gulevskaya Anna V. , Dang Shee Van , Pozharskii Alexander F.
Published: July 2005

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Supramolecular Design of Photocurrent‐Generating Devices Using Fullerenes Aimed at Modeling Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Konishi Toshifumi , Ikeda Atsushi , Shinkai Seiji
Published: July 2005

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How to Thread a String Through the Eye of a Molecular Needle: Template Synthesis of Interlocked Molecules
Authors: Kogej Michael , Ghosh Pradyut , Schalley Christoph A.
Published: July 2005

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High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning: Applications to Solid‐Phase Synthetic Systems and Other Semisolids
Authors: Power William P.
Published: July 2005

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3D Structure Elucidation Using NMR Chemical Shifts
Authors: Sternberg Ulrich , Witter Raiker , Ulrich Anne S.
Published: July 2005

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Evaluation of breast cancer with a computer‐aided detection system by mammographic appearance and histopathology
Authors: Brem Rachel F. , Rapelyea Jocelyn A. , Zisman Gilat , Hoffmeister Jeffrey W. , DeSimio Martin P.
Published: July 2005

BACKGROUND

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a computer‐aided detection (CAD) system for the detection of breast cancer, based on mammographic appearance and histopathology.

METHODS

From 1000 consecutive screening mammograms from women with biopsy‐proven breast carcinoma, 273 mammograms were selected randomly for retrospective evaluation by CAD. The sensitivity of the CAD system for breast cancer was assessed from the proportion of masses and microcalcifications detected. The corresponding tumor histopathologies also were evaluated. Normal mammograms (n = 155 patients) were used to determine the false‐positive rate of the system.

RESULTS

Of the 273 breast carcinomas, 149 appeared mammographically as masses, and 88 appeared as microcalcifications, including 36 carcinomas that presented as mixed lesions. The CAD system marked 125 of 149 masses correctly (84%), marked 86 of 88 microcalcifications correctly (98%), and marked 32 of 36 of mixed lesions correctly (89%.). The system showed a high sensitivity for the detection of ductal carcinoma in situ (95%; 73 of 77 lesions), invasive lobular carcinoma (95%; 18 of 19 lesions), invasive ductal carcinoma (85%; 125 of 147 lesions), and invasive mammary carcinoma (90%; 27 of 30 lesions). The highest CAD system sensitivity was for all invasive carcinomas that presented as microcalcifications (100%). On normal mammograms, there was an average of 1.3 false‐positive CAD marks per image.

CONCLUSIONS

The CAD system correctly marked a large majority of biopsy‐proven breast cancers, with a greater sensitivity for lesions with microcalcifications and without significant impact of performance based on tumor histopathology. CAD was highly effective in detecting invasive lobular carcinoma (sensitivity, 95%) and ductal carcinoma in situ (sensitivity, 95%). CAD represents a useful tool for the detection of breast cancer. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
MammoSite excision volume as a predictor for residual disease
Authors: Kaufman Seth A. , DiPetrillo Thomas A. , Ruthazer Robin , Wazer David E.
Published: July 2005

BACKGROUND

The MammoSite catheter is a brachytherapy device used for accelerated partial breast irradiation. Currently, it is available as 2 spherically shaped balloons meant to fill 70‐cc and 120‐cc cavity volumes. This study was designed to define the relation of these excision volumes to the likelihood of microscopically detectable, residual disease based on tumor size, margin status, patient age, and histology.

METHODS

The study data base was comprised of 531 patients with Stage 0, I, and II breast carcinoma (using American Joint Committee on Cancer staging criteria) who received breast‐conserving therapy and underwent surgical reexcision. Patients in the data base were stratified based on the volume of their initial excision: ≤ 70 cc versus > 70 cc and ≤ 120 cc versus > 120 cc.

RESULTS

Surgical margin size was found to be a strong predictor of residual disease both for patients with smaller excision volumes (P = 0.0014) and patients with larger excision volumes (P = 0.0003); histology (extensive intraductal component [EIC] or pure ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS]) also was a strong predictor. Tumor size was significant only for the larger volume group (P = 0.029). On multivariate analysis, only histology and initial margin status were significant correlates with residual disease. The adjusted odds ratio for residual disease with pure DCIS was 0.79, and the adjusted odds ratio for invasive ductal or lobular carcinoma (IDC/ILC) without EIC was 0.44 relative to IDC/ILC with EIC (P = 0.008). The adjusted odds ratio for residual disease with a positive initial margin versus a negative initial margin was 2.65 (P ≤ 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

For excisions amenable to use of the MammoSite catheter, a margin ≥ 1.0 mm appeared to afford at most a 35% risk of microscopically detectable residual tumor. Evidence of EIC on excision of IDC/ILC connoted a significantly higher risk. Age did not appear to be predictive for residual disease. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Quality of prostate carcinoma care in a statewide public assistance program
Authors: Krupski Tracey L. , Bergman Jonathan , Kwan Lorna , Litwin Mark S.
Published: July 2005

BACKGROUND

The authors evaluated the feasibility of measuring quality of care in a statewide public assistance program for men with prostate carcinoma.

METHODS

The sample consisted of 84 men who were followed for ≥ 6 months after receiving primary treatment for early‐stage prostate carcinoma (55 received radical prostatectomy and 29 received radiotherapy) through a free public program for low‐income, uninsured men. Quality was assessed by chart review with 16 indicators previously developed and validated at the RAND Corporation, as well as by telephone and mail surveys that included the University of California at Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index short form.

RESULTS

Quality of care measurement was feasible for 13 (81%) indicators from electronic chart abstraction, administrative documents, and patient questionnaires. Communication between specialist and primary physician was better for men treated with radiotherapy than with surgery (84% vs. 45%, P = 0.004). Subjects treated in private institutions were more likely than those treated in public institutions to have ≥ 2 follow‐up visits with the treating physician or institution within 1 year of treatment (93% vs. 63%, P = 0.003) and to have documentation of communication with the primary care physician (90% vs. 40%, P << 0.0001). Disease‐specific, health‐related quality of life 6 months after treatment did not appear to differ between public and private facilities.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors found the application of quality of care indicators to be feasible in a statewide public assistance program, but with some differences between public and private providers. These quality of care indicators identified target areas for improvement. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Clonal divergence and genetic heterogeneity in clear cell renal cell carcinomas with sarcomatoid transformation
Authors: Jones Timothy D. , Eble John N. , Wang Mingsheng , MacLennan Gregory T. , Jain Shashi , Cheng Liang
Published: July 2005

BACKGROUND

Approximately 5% of clear cell renal cell carcinomas contain components with sarcomatoid differentiation. It has been suggested that the sarcomatoid elements arise from the clear cell tumors as a consequence of clonal expansions of neoplastic cells with progressively more genetic alterations. Analysis of the pattern of allelic loss and X‐chromosome inactivation in both the clear cell and sarcomatoid components of the same tumor allows assessment of the genetic relationship of these tumor elements.

METHODS

The authors of the current study examined the pattern of allelic loss in clear cell and sarcomatoid components of renal cell carcinomas from 22 patients who had tumors with both components. DNA samples were prepared from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded renal tissue sections using laser‐capture microdissection. Five microsatellite polymorphic markers for putative tumor suppressor genes on 5 different chromosomes were analyzed. These included D3S1300 (3p14), D7S522 (7q31), D8S261 (8p21), D9S171 (9p21), and TP53 (17p13). In addition, X‐chromosome inactivation analysis was performed in 14 tumors from female patients.

RESULTS

The clear cell components showed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the D3S1300, D7S522, D8S261, D9S171, and TP53 loci in 18% (4/22), 18% (4/22), 50% (10/20), 15% (3/20), and 20% (4/20) of informative cases, respectively. LOH in the sarcomatoid components was seen at the D3S1300, D7S522, D8S261, D9S171, and TP53 loci in 18% (4/22), 41% (9/22), 70% (14/20), 35% (7/20), and 20% (4/20) of informative cases, respectively. Six cases demonstrated an LOH pattern in the clear cell component that was not seen in the sarcomatoid component. Different patterns of allelic loss were seen in the clear cell and sarcomatoid components in 15 cases. Clonality analysis showed the same pattern of nonrandom X‐chromosome inactivation in both clear cell and sarcomatoid components in 13 of the 14 cases studied. One case showed a random pattern of X‐chromosome inactivation.

CONCLUSION

X‐chromosome inactivation analysis data suggest that both clear cell and sarcomatoid components of renal cell carcinomas are derived from the same progenitor cell. Different patterns of allelic loss in multiple chromosomal regions were observed in clear cell and sarcomatoid components from the same patient. This genetic heterogeneity indicates genetic divergence during the clonal evolution of renal cell carcinoma. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic significance of the lymphocyte‐to‐neutrophil ratio in percutaneous fine‐needle aspiration biopsy specimens of advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Nakahara Yasuharu , Mochiduki Yoshiro , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Nakahara Yukiko , Katsura Yoshitaka
Published: July 2005

BACKGROUND

The prognostic significance of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in surgically resected carcinomas was reported. To apply this to inoperable nonsmall cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) of Stage IIIB–IV, the authors estimated the occurrence of TILs using percutaneous fine‐needle aspiration biopsy specimens, and tested the validity of this method.

METHODS

The authors defined the L‐N index as [LS/(LS + NS) − LB/(LB + NB)], in which LS and NS denoted lymphocyte and neutrophil counts in the aspiration smear, and LB and NB denoted lymphocyte and neutrophil counts in the peripheral blood specimen. The cutoff value was set at twice the standard deviation of the L‐N index of 41 smears contaminated with abundant blood. Retrospectively, the authors compared the survival rate of the group with a high L‐N index (lymphocyte‐dominant group) (n = 12) with the survival rate of the group with a low L‐N index (lymphocyte‐nondominant group) (n = 60). Then, they performed a prospective study and compared the survival rates of these 2 groups (n=21 and n = 54). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the effect of the L‐N index as a continuous variable and other prognostic factors. The correlation (r) between the L‐N index‐based grouping (L‐N grouping) and the histologic grade of TILs was studied among resected lung tumor specimens (n = 164).

RESULTS

In the retrospective and prospective studies, the survival rate was significantly higher in the lymphocyte‐dominant group than in the lymphocyte‐nondominant group (P = 0.0019 and P = 0.0001). Using multivariate analysis, the L‐N index was an independent prognostic factor. A significant correlation was noted between L‐N grouping and histologic grade of TILs (r = 0.476).

CONCLUSIONS

The L‐N index of aspiration smears was found to be an independent prognostic factor for patients with advanced‐stage NSCLC. L‐N grouping was correlated with the histologic assessment of TILs. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Combined‐modality treatment for isolated recurrences of breast carcinoma
Authors: Hanrahan Emer O. , Broglio Kristine R. , Buzdar Aman U. , Theriault Richard L. , Valero Vicente , Cristofanilli Massimo , Yin Guosheng , Kau Shu‐Wan C. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Rivera Edgardo
Published: July 2005

BACKGROUND

In three prospective, single‐arm studies, the authors previously showed an improved outcome for anthracycline‐naïve patients with isolated sites of recurrent breast carcinoma (BC) who were treated with doxorubicin‐based chemotherapy after local therapy (surgery and/or radiotherapy). In the current report, the initial results are presented from a Phase II trial of docetaxel (100 mg/m2every 21 days for 6 cycles) given after local therapy for recurrent BC (Stage IV BC with no evidence of clinically measurable disease) in patients who received prior adjuvant anthracycline‐based chemotherapy, and the authors provide an update of the 3 previous studies. An analysis of prognostic factors for these patients also is presented.

METHODS

Eligibility criteria for all studies included histologic proof of recurrent BC that had been resected and/or irradiated with curative intent. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate survival analyses were performed to test for associations between patient characteristics and outcome (log‐rank test). Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the multivariable correlations between patient characteristics and outcome.

RESULTS

The median follow‐up for the docetaxel‐based trial (n= 26 patients) was 45 months. Early outcomes for this study are promising. The median disease‐free survival (DFS) was 44 months, and the 3‐year DFS and overall survival (OS) rates were 58% and 87%, respectively. In the 3 doxorubicin‐based studies, the median follow‐up was 121.5 months for all living patients, and the estimated 20‐year DFS and OS rates were both 26%. On multivariable analysis of patients from all 4 studies, the only significant prognostic factor for DFS and OS (P= 0.0006) was the number of involved axillary lymph nodes at initial diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS

A proportion of patients with isolated BC recurrences achieved prolonged DFS with combined‐modality treatment. Patients who receive anthracycline‐based chemotherapy at primary diagnosis may benefit from local treatment followed by docetaxel‐based chemotherapy for isolated recurrences. The only significant independent prognostic factor was the number of involved axillary lymph nodes at initial diagnosis. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Crystallization behavior of neat biodiesel and biodiesel treated with ozonized vegetable oil
Authors: Soriano Nestor U. , Migo Veronica P. , Sato Kiyotaka , Matsumura Masatoshi
Published: July 2005

The utilization of neat biodiesel is limited by its poor low‐temperature flow properties, which are mainly dictated by the lengths of the hydrocarbon chains and the presence of unsaturation. However, the pour point of neat biodiesel prepared from soybean oil, sunflower oil and rapeseed oil can be improved significantly by treatment with small amounts of ozonized vegetable oil. The presence of carbon‐carbon double bonds along the hydrocarbon chains is necessary to make ozonized vegetable oil an effective pour point depressant for fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Differential scanning calorimetry and polarized light microscopy revealed that ozonized vegetable oil affects both nucleation and crystal growth of FAME and biodiesel. Treatment of biodiesel with ozonized vegetable oil leads to the formation of considerably smaller, but more numerous crystals at subzero temperatures.
Physicochemical characteristics of ternary fat blends involving low‐erucic rapeseed oil
Authors: Braipson‐Danthine Sabine , Gibon Véronique , Deroanne Claude
Published: July 2005

Some fat systems made of low‐erucic (LERO) and hydrogenated low‐erucic rapeseed oil (HLERO) blended with a third component are studied for their physical properties, especially for solid fat content by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (pNMR) and melting profile by differential scanning calorimetry; a comparison is made with a commercial bakery shortening. The third component is made of hydrogenated palm oil (HPO), palm oil (PO), palm stearin (Pst), palm olein (Pol) or anhydrous milk fat (AMF). The goal is to increase the chain length diversity of the systems. Polymorphic stability is evaluated by powder X‐ray diffraction. HPO is the best beta‐prime‐stabilizing agent, followed by PO and its fractions, then by AMF. However, only a small part of the ternary diagram made with HPO, the best beta‐prime‐stabilizing agent, displays a melting profile similar to the commercial bakery shortening. In contrast, the diagrams made of PO and of its fractions show greater composition zones suitable for use as bakery shortenings. In this series, Pol seems to be the best candidate. A restricted AMF‐HLERO‐LERO beta‐prime composition zone has also a solid fat content profile (by pNMR) similar to the commercial bakery shortening.