bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lost in translation: UN responses to sexual violence against men and boys in situations of armed conflict
Authors: Sivakumaran Sandesh
Published: March 2010

This article considers the UN responses to sexual violence against men and boys in armed conflict – in particular, steps taken towards understanding this problem, measures of prevention and protection, and consequences for accused perpetrators. In so doing, the article assesses the state of knowledge and work in the field of male sexual violence and notes that although there have been many positive developments, the issue is not always moving in the right direction.
Forecasting low‐latitude radio scintillation with 3‐D ionospheric plume models: 1. Plume model
Authors: Retterer J. M.
Published: March 2010

A three‐dimensional model has been developed for the plasma plumes caused by interchange instabilities in the low‐latitude ionosphere to describe the structure and extent of the radio scintillation generated by turbulence in and around the plumes (down to the scale sizes resolvable by the computer model). With the inclusion of the processes that determine the transport of plasma parallel to the geomagnetic field lines as well as transverse to them, the model can predict the extent in latitude of the plumes and their scintillation. To better reflect the day‐to‐day variability of the occurrence of the plumes, the model is closely coupled to a time‐dependent model of the ambient ionosphere to describe the changing conditions under which the plasma instabilities that cause the turbulence must act. Diagnostics presented here will illustrate the density structures found in the models of the plumes, including maps of airglow emissions which show the effect of the density depletions within the plumes. A companion paper presents a phase‐screen calculation of the amplitude scintillation caused by the plumes.
Adaptive sequentially space‐filling metamodeling applied in optimal water quantity allocation at basin scale
Authors: Mousavi S. Jamshid , Shourian M.
Published: March 2010

Global optimization models in many problems suffer from high computational costs due to the need for performing high‐fidelity simulation models for objective function evaluations. Metamodeling is a useful approach to dealing with this problem in which a fast surrogate model replaces the detailed simulation model. However, training of the surrogate model needs enough input‐output data which in case of absence of observed data, each of them must be obtained by running the simulation model and may still cause computational difficulties. In this paper a new metamodeling approach called adaptive sequentially space filling (ASSF) is presented by which the regions in the search space that need more training data are sequentially identified and the process of design of experiments is performed adaptively. Performance of the ASSF approach is tested against a benchmark function optimization problem and optimum basin‐scale water allocation problems, in which the MODSIM river basin decision support system is approximated. Results show the ASSF model with fewer actual function evaluations is able to find comparable solutions to other metamodeling techniques using random sampling and evolution control strategies.
BMPix and PEAK tools: New methods for automated laminae recognition and counting—Application to glacial varves from Antarctic marine sediment
Authors: Weber M. E. , Reichelt L. , Kuhn G. , Pfeiffer M. , Korff B. , Thurow J. , Ricken W.
Published: March 2010

We present tools for rapid and quantitative detection of sediment lamination. The BMPix tool extracts color and gray scale curves from images at pixel resolution. The PEAK tool uses the gray scale curve and performs, for the first time, fully automated counting of laminae based on three methods. The maximum count algorithm counts every bright peak of a couplet of two laminae (annual resolution) in a smoothed curve. The zero‐crossing algorithm counts every positive and negative halfway passage of the curve through a wide moving average, separating the record into bright and dark intervals (seasonal resolution). The same is true for the frequency truncation method, which uses Fourier transformation to decompose the curve into its frequency components before counting positive and negative passages. The algorithms are available at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.729700. We applied the new methods successfully to tree rings, to well‐dated and already manually counted marine varves from Saanich Inlet, and to marine laminae from the Antarctic continental margin. In combination with AMS14C dating, we found convincing evidence that laminations in Weddell Sea sites represent varves, deposited continuously over several millennia during the last glacial maximum. The new tools offer several advantages over previous methods. The counting procedures are based on a moving average generated from gray scale curves instead of manual counting. Hence, results are highly objective and rely on reproducible mathematical criteria. Also, the PEAK tool measures the thickness of each year or season. Since all information required is displayed graphically, interactive optimization of the counting algorithms can be achieved quickly and conveniently.
Identification of low‐frequency earthquakes in non‐volcanic tremor using the subspace detector method
Authors: Maceira M. , Rowe C. A. , Beroza G. , Anderson D.
Published: March 2010

Shelly et al. identified 188 low frequency earthquakes (LFEs) in a one‐hour episode of tremor recorded at Japanese Hi‐Net borehole stations. Later they proposed that non‐volcanic tremor may consist entirely of a sequence of LFEs. We search for additional LFEs using the subspace detector technique. This method uses a matrix of template waveforms and, via singular value decomposition, builds a set of basis vectors that, in some linear combination, can reproduce the templates or similar events that fall within the subspace. We explore the utility of the method to search for additional LFEs within the subspace spanned by our basis vectors. The results compare well with previous LFE detections. We also compare our results with an independent measure of signal polarization and find that the polarization takes on a distinct character during times of known LFEs. This suggests that signal polarization may also have potential for tremor detection, characterization, and monitoring.
Role of tropical Pacific SSTs in global medieval hydroclimate: A modeling study
Authors: Burgman Robert , Seager Richard , Clement Amy , Herweijer Celine
Published: March 2010

The role of tropical Pacific SSTs in driving global medieval hydroclimate is assessed. Using fossil coral records from Palmyra Atoll, tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) boundary conditions are derived for the period 1320–1462 A.D. These boundary conditions consist of La Niña‐like mean state conditions in the tropical Pacific with inter‐annual and decadal variability about that altered state. The reconstructed SSTs in the tropical Pacific are used to force a 16 member ensemble of atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations, coupled to a one layer ocean model outside of the tropical Pacific. The AGCM simulations of medieval climate are compared with modern climate simulations for the period 1856–2005 A.D. and are shown to reproduce many aspects of medieval hydroclimate found in paleo‐proxy records for much of the Western Hemisphere, northern Eurasia, and the northern tropics. These results suggest that many features of global medieval hydroclimate changes can be explained by changes in tropical Pacific SSTs, though the potential role for other oceans is also discussed.
Diffusion by one wave and by many waves
Authors: Albert J. M.
Published: March 2010

Radiation belt electrons and chorus waves are an outstanding instance of the important role cyclotron resonant wave‐particle interactions play in the magnetosphere. Chorus waves are particularly complex, often occurring with large amplitude, narrowband but drifting frequency and fine structure. Nevertheless, modeling their effect on radiation belt electrons with bounce‐averaged broadband quasi‐linear theory seems to yield reasonable results. It is known that coherent interactions with monochromatic waves can cause particle diffusion, as well as radically different phase bunching and phase trapping behavior. Here the two formulations of diffusion, while conceptually different, are shown to give identical diffusion coefficients, in the narrowband limit of quasi‐linear theory. It is further shown that suitably averaging the monochromatic diffusion coefficients over frequency and wave normal angle parameters reproduces the full broadband quasi‐linear results. This may account for the rather surprising success of quasi‐linear theory in modeling radiation belt electrons undergoing diffusion by chorus waves.
The Effect of Surgical Weight Reduction on Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Severe Obesity
Authors: Hsuan Chin‐Feng , Huang Chih‐Kun , Lin Jou‐Wei , Lin Lung‐Chun , Lee Thung‐Lip , Tai Chi‐Ming , Yin Wei‐Hsian , Tseng Wei‐Kung , Hsu Kwan‐Lih , Wu Chau‐Chung
Published: March 2010

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of surgical weight reduction on cardiac structure and function and to seek the determinants of these changes. Sixty‐six severely obese adults (BMI ≥35 kg/m2) who received bariatric surgery underwent echocardiographic examination before and 3 months after surgery. At 3 months after surgery, BMI and systolic blood pressure (BP) decreased (43.3 ± 6.3 to 34.1 ± 5.6 kg/m2, P < 0.001, and 146 ± 12 to 130 ± 14 mm Hg, P < 0.001, respectively). In left ventricular (LV) geometry, the relative wall thickness (RWT) and LV mass index decreased significantly (0.43 ± 0.05 to 0.35 ± 0.05, P < 0.001, and 50 ± 11 to 39 ± 11 g/m2.7, P < 0.001, respectively) without changes in chamber size. Multivariate analyses showed change in systolic BP to be an independent predictor for the changes in RWT and LV mass index. In myocardial performance, peak systolic mitral annular velocity and all diastolic indexes showed significant improvements. We concluded that LV hypertrophy and function improved rapidly after bariatric surgery in severely obese adults. BP reduction was the major determinant for the regression of LV hypertrophy in the early stage of surgical weight reduction.
Obesity Reduction Black Intervention Trial (ORBIT): 18‐Month Results
Authors: Fitzgibbon Marian L. , Stolley Melinda R. , Schiffer Linda , Sharp Lisa K. , Singh Vicky , Dyer Alan
Published: March 2010

Obesity is a chronic condition that is prevalent in black women. The Obesity Reduction Black Intervention Trial (ORBIT) was a randomized controlled weight loss and weight‐loss maintenance (WLM) trial. Participants (N = 213) were randomized to the intervention or control groups in August 2005 and September 2006. Follow‐up data were collected 6 and 18 months after randomization. The main outcome was change in weight and BMI from baseline to 18 months. The mean weight at baseline was 104.9 kg, and the mean weight loss in the intervention group at 6 months was 3.0 kg and a gain of 0.2 kg in the control group (mean difference between groups in weight change at 6 months, adjusting for baseline weight and cohort, −3.27 kg; 95% confidence interval (CI), −4.50 to −2.05 kg; P < 0.001). Both groups gained weight between 6 and 18 months (mean 1.0 kg in the intervention group and 0.1 kg in the control group). However, intervention participants lost significantly more weight than control participants during the 18‐month intervention (adjusted mean difference between groups at 18 months, −2.83 kg; 95% CI, −4.71 to −0.95; P = 0.003). At 18 months, intervention participants were more likely than control participants to have lost at least 5% of baseline weight (24% vs. 12%, P < 0.04). Our results indicate that the ORBIT program did promote weight loss and weight‐loss maintenance. However, the results also clearly illustrate there is more to learn about what will contribute to meaningful weight loss and maintenance in this population.
Improvements in Coronary Heart Disease Risk Indicators by Alternate‐Day Fasting Involve Adipose Tissue Modulations
Authors: Bhutani Surabhi , Klempel Monica C. , Berger Reed A. , Varady Krista A.
Published: March 2010

The ability of alternate‐day fasting (ADF) to modulate adipocyte parameters in a way that is protective against coronary heart disease (CHD) has yet to be tested. Accordingly, we examined the effects of ADF on adipokine profile, body composition, and CHD risk indicators in obese adults. Sixteen obese subjects (12 women/4 men) participated in a 10‐week trial with three consecutive dietary intervention phases: (i) 2‐week baseline control phase, (ii) 4‐week ADF controlled feeding phase, and (iii) 4‐week ADF self‐selected feeding phase. After 8 weeks of treatment, body weight and waist circumference were reduced (P < 0.05) by 5.7 ± 0.9 kg, and 4.0 ± 0.9 cm, respectively. Fat mass decreased (P < 0.05) by 5.4 ± 0.8 kg, whereas fat‐free mass did not change. Plasma adiponectin was augmented (P < 0.05) by 30% from baseline. Leptin and resistin concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) by 21 and 23%, respectively, post treatment. Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and triacylglycerol concentrations were 25% and 32% lower (P < 0.05), respectively, after 8 weeks of ADF. High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), C‐reactive protein, and homocysteine concentrations did not change. Decreases in LDL‐C were related to increased adiponectin (r = −0.61, P = 0.01) and reduced waist circumference (r = 0.39, P = 0.04). Lower triacylglycerol concentrations were associated with augmented adiponectin (r = −0.39, P = 0.04) and reduced leptin concentrations (r = 0.45, P = 0.03) post‐treatment. These findings suggest that adipose tissue parameters may play an important role in mediating the cardioprotective effects of ADF in obese humans.
Rosuvastatin stimulates clonogenic potential and anti‐inflammatory properties of endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Fadini Gian Paolo , Albiero Mattia , Boscaro Elisa , Menegazzo Lisa , Cabrelle Anna , Piliego Teodoro , Federici Massimo , Agostini Carlo , Avogaro Angelo
Published: March 2010

EPCs (endothelial progenitor cells) exert vasculoprotective effects and can be used for regenerative therapies. However, several isolation protocols have been described, with inconsistent results. Statins are among the most effective compounds that stimulate EPC numbers in vivo and ex vivo. We aim to describe the effects of rosuvastatin on different subtypes of putative EPCs. EPCs were cultured from mononuclear cells of blood donors and isolated according to three protocols: CFU‐EC (colony forming units‐endothelial cells), early (or ‘monocytic’) EPCs and late outgrown EPCs. Rosuvastatin (0.1–100 nM) was added at the beginning of culture (T0) or after the initial adhesion step (T1). Polarization of monocytic EPCs was assessed as expression of proinflammatory M1 markers (CD68 and CCR2) or anti‐inflammatory M2 markers (CX3CR1, CD163, CD206). We found that 1 nM rosuvastatin increased the number of CFU‐EC and late EPCs by about 3‐fold, while lower concentrations had no significant effects. Rosuvastatin (0.1 nM) increased AcLDL+Lectin+ early EPCs by about 60%, while higher concentrations exerted inhibitory effects on early EPCs. Addition of rosuvastatin at T0 was more effective in stimulating CFU‐EC and early EPCs, while addition at T1 was more effective in stimulating late EPCs. Rosuvastatin had no effects on proliferation rate of CFU‐EC, early EPCs and late EPCs. We also found that 0.1 nM rosuvastatin reduced the M1/M2 ratio in early EPCs, which retain monocytic features. In conclusion, we show that rosuvastatin had significant stimulatory effects on EPCs irrespective of the culture protocol. Rosuvastatin also induced anti‐inflammatory polarization of monocytic EPCs.
Diapers to Car Keys: The State of Spirituality, Religion and Work Research
Authors: Fornaciari Charles J. , Dean Kathy Lund
Published: March 2010

The a priori “newness” of research in the spirituality, religion and work (SRW) field has been generally accepted, even though the domain of SRW credibly overlaps with well-established inquiry traditions, such as education, psychology, and theology. Because of this multi-disciplinary nature of SRW, we asked: How truly new is research work in this domain? Following the philosophy of science literature, this paper explores five hypotheses related to the research methodologies in all peer-reviewed empirical work published within the SRW domain during the initial years of its popular emergence, 1996–2000. Chi-square and text analysis (N=26) revealed mixed results with respect to hypothesized norms, and that many dynamic and varied empirical approaches are already in use within more established fields. Findings also suggest that work in the SRW domain may be further along than generally thought in the literature. Detailed discussion and implications for SRW research methodologies conclude the paper.
Using a Different Standard: The Impact of Applicant's Expression of Spiritual Values on Rater Interest in Additional Information
Authors: Giacalone Robert A. , Gilmore David C.
Published: March 2010

To test the impact of applicant spiritual-materialistic values on the types of information raters a rater would inquire about in subsequent decisions, a network sample of raters were provided with a packet of information about a job applicant, the company to which he was applying, and
the number of qualified applicants in the region. Values of the job applicant were manipulated by showing the rater one of four spiritual-materialistic cover letters in which the applicant expressed a materialistic orientation, a spiritual orientation, a combined materialist-spiritual orientation
or a no-information control. Number of qualified applicants was manipulated as part of a brief set of bullet points that provided raters mock information about the company and position. Results show that depending on market conditions, the expression of spiritual values, either by itself or
in combination with materialistic values, create a need for additional information about the applicant. The results are discussed in relationship to values and ethics issues in future research.
Managerial Discernment: An Examination in the Case of Employee Appraisal
Authors: Falque Laurent , Duriau Vincent J.
Published: March 2010

We present a preliminary investigation of the concept of managerial discernment. Discernment provides managers with a structured process invoking both the rationality and the spirituality of the decision-maker in order to improve decision quality. First we introduce the core concepts,
using Ignatian discernment as a basis. Second, we illustrate managerial discernment using an actual case of employee appraisal, combined with a simulation based on the information obtained from the case. Finally, we discuss the implications, both in the context of appraisal and more generally
organizational settings.
Vicars vs. Managers: Do Vicars Differ From Managers In Terms of Leadership Behaviour?
Authors: Andersen Jon Aarum
Published: March 2010

The purpose of this study is to find out whether there are behavioural differences between two groups of formal leaders—managers and vicars. The behaviour dimensions investigated are leadership style (task, relationship, and change orientation), decision-making style
(the functions of sensing, intuition, thinking, and feeling), and motivation profile (achievement, affiliation, and power motivation). It is hypothesised that vicars and managers show considerable differences in leadership behaviour. An investigation based on data from managers and
vicars in Sweden reveals significant differences in behaviour between these groups. Six out of seven tests yield significant differences in leadership behaviour. Possible explanations for the differences are explored. The leadership variables applied appear to be equally relevant for describing
the behaviour of managers and vicars.
The Importance of The Present in Being A Human Being: Lessons from Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Borkovec Tom D.
Published: March 2010

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), one of the most common mental disorders (prevalence rate of 1–3% current and 4–7% over the lifetime) is defined in the psychiatric diagnostic system as chronically excessive, uncontrollable worrying about many things in life, leading to
significant distress and impairment in functioning. GAD is one of the most frequent additional diagnoses among anxiety and mood disorders. Indeed, the disorder is considered by many clinical scientists to be the basic anxiety disorder, out of which emerge the other adult emotional disorders.
Furthermore, worry is pervasive throughout the mood and anxiety disorders, and it is ubiquitous among human beings in general. The importance of GAD is further reflected in the documented facts that people suffering from the problem have very high rates of medical health care utilization,
high rates of absenteeism from work, significant impairments in social role functioning, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Workplace Religious Expression, Religiosity and Job Satisfaction: Clarifying a Relationship
Authors: King James E. , Williamson Ian O.
Published: March 2010

Previous research theorized and tested a relationship between religiosity and job satisfaction with mixed results. In light of increased attention on religiosity and work, the assertions and results of the previous research are examined. Drawing on the growing understanding of religiosity
and a deeper use of job satisfaction theory, potential explanations for the previously mixed findings are offered and alternative hypotheses are formulated and tested. Religiosity was found to influence what employees want from a job environment and their job satisfaction, but only when organizational
context was controlled. By introducing and exploring the concepts of workplace acceptance of religious expression by organizations (OWARE) and individuals (IWARE), it was found that the interaction between an organization's stance and an employee's desire pertaining to the acceptance of workplace
religious expression had the most significant influence on job satisfaction.
Creating in the Name of God Who Creates: A Whole-life Model of Spirituality within Work
Authors: Diddams Margaret , Whittington J. Lee , Davigo Teresa
Published: March 2010

While the field of research in spirituality and religion in the workplace is relatively new, the ideas about the interplay between spirit, religion and work in the West has been present since Græco-Roman times with differential meaning evolving over time. The purpose of this paper
is to review the historically different spiritual meanings associated with work and question modern assumptions by suggesting a spiritual view of work based on a pre-industrial Lutheran view of vocation that includes an authentic sense of self in service to others within a whole life model
of work. Finally, the authors caution against imbuing work alone as a source of spirituality.
Values and Virtues in Organizations: An Introduction
Authors: Manz Charles , Cameron Kim , Manz Karen , Marx Robert
Published: March 2010

This special issue focuses on virtues in organizations, even though the concept of virtues is more at home in philosophy, religion, and social services than in the for-profit world of business. Much attention has been paid to values in organizations, of course, but the definition and
roles played by virtues in organizations differs substantially from values. We briefly discuss the concept of values in organizations and differentiate it from the concept of virtues with which it is sometimes confused. This will serve as a backdrop to the contributions made by the articles
in this special issue.
Organizational Healing: Lived Virtuousness Amidst Organizational Crisis
Authors: Powley Edward H. , Cameron Kim S.
Published: March 2010

This paper examines how organizations heal after major trauma. We introduce the concept of organizational healing, which is different from resilience, adaptation, and hardiness. It refers to the actual work of repairing and mending the collective social fabric of an organization after
some threat or shock to its system. Using a qualitative research method, we uncover four themes of organizational healing that reflect an organizations capacity for virtuousness: reinforcing the priority of the individual, fostering high quality connections, strengthening a family culture,
and initiating ceremonies and rituals. These themes are supported from narrative accounts of a shooting incident in a mid-western university. Our paper suggests that organizational healing is mediated through virtues such as compassion, care, mutual support, courage, and faith.
Peter F. Drucker on Mission-Driven Leadership and Management in the Social Sector
Authors: Maciariell Joseph A.
Published: March 2010

There may be no more powerful avenue for the expression and implementation of positive contributions to society originating from virtues in organizations than in the social sector. In the following rare interview with Peter Drucker on the subject, he shares his wisdom and insight on
the social sector and non-profit organizations.
A Human Ecological Model of Spirit at Work
Authors: KINJERSKI VAL , SKRYPNEK BERNA J.
Published: March 2010

An empirically grounded, human ecological model of spirit at work specifying antecedent conditions and outcomes of spirit at work is presented. Spirit at work is a distinct state characterized by profound feelings of wellbeing, a belief that one is engaged in meaningful work, a connection
to others and common purpose, a connection to something larger than self, and it has a transcendent nature. Four distinct paths to spirit at work are identified: always there, coming together, transformative event, and contextually sensitive. These paths are affected by individual factors
(personality characteristics and personal actions) and contextual factors (organizational characteristics and transformative life events) that contribute to the experience of spirit at work. This model posits that personality, personal actions, and organizational characteristics are interconnected
and operate to foster or impede an individual's spirit at work. Spirit at work appears to counteract disenchantment and disengagement at work and results in positive outcomes for employees, consumers, and organizations.
Determinants of Transparency for Singaporean Listed Companies
Authors: AU ALAN , THOMPSON PAUL , YEUNG MATTHEW C. H.
Published: March 2010

The extent to which companies disclose information about their activities, corporate transparency, is universally regarded as a vital prerequisite for the efficient functioning, vibrancy, and fairness of stock markets. If companies are completely open and frank, so the accepted wisdom
goes, then investors stand to be able to make well informed investment decisions. Countries around the world rely upon a mixture of securities regulation and market driven measures to achieve the desired level of transparency. Many countries use awards schemes to promote high standards of
disclosure. Recently, Singapore witnessed the introduction of an index to help boost what many feel to be low levels of transparency amongst local listed companies. The Corporate Transparency Index (CTI) was introduced by Singapore financial daily, The Business Times. The CTI measures
a company's degree of openness by focusing on the release of the interim results of listed companies. Unlike other measures of transparency it looks not only at the content of the results release but also how that content is communicated to the markets. This paper seeks to identify the key
determinants of a company's transparency score. The provisional findings suggest company size and profitability correlate positively with corporate transparency.
A “Spiritual Turn” in Organizational Studies: Meaning Making or Meaningless?
Authors: Drive Michaela
Published: March 2010

The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on organizational spirituality in an effort to distil the importance of spirituality research and make the case for the “spiritual turn” in organization studies. The paper examines current arguments for and against spirituality in organizations. It suggests that despite dilemmas and controversies in the literature, spirituality research makes a significant contribution. Particularly, the benefit of taking the “spiritual turn” as a response to a crisis of meaning in organizations may be to better define the spaces of programmatic versus existential meaning making and to gain more insights into where organizational meaning making and existential, individual meaning can exist in their respective spaces. It is suggested that spirituality research may need to build on a variety of perspectives from critical management theories to discourse studies to protect existential meaning making as a lived and socially constructed experience. The paper develops some approaches for how this may be accomplished and discusses future directions of the “spiritual turn” in organizational studies.
A Comment on Koerber and Neck's (2006) “Religion in the Workplace: Implications for Financial Fraud and Organizational Decision Making”
Authors: Albrecht Chad
Published: March 2010

Koerber and Neck (2006) have argued that the adoption of religion in the workplace can create an environment that leads to a greater possibility of financial fraud. This logic flows from the proposition that a culture embedded in religion allows the fraud triangle to develop by creating
a greater opportunity for fraud to occur. Koerber and Neck have raised some interesting points. However, in the following commentary, I challenge their proposition that religion in the workplace will increase an organizations overall susceptibility to fraud. I base this proposition on two
key elements of the fraud triangle: pressure and rationalization. In the following commentary, I propose that, by examining the entire fraud triangle—not just one element of the fraud triangle—organizations embedded in religion may have an overall minimized risk of financial fraud.
Executives' Fractured Spirit and Dissociation at Work
Authors: Roberts Charlotte
Published: March 2010

This paper offers an initial two-dimensional exploration and conceptualization of dissociation at work, utilizing a psychological explanation of dissociation and an organizational science description of spirituality. Based on literature reviews and observational field interviews, the
definition of workplace dissociation emerging is the subjective experience of being a) disconnected from the flow of one's conscious awareness of self, others, and the environment, b) separated from one's skills and behaviors by which one creates value through work, c) fragmented in one's
essential identity and not fully present or available, and/or d) unaware of the consequences of this experience on self and significant others. Understanding the impact on individuals and the search for causal factors and interventions are critical next steps.
Organisational Loss of Faith: Treating Affective Commitment as A Spiritual Matter
Authors: Blenkinsopp John
Published: March 2010

This article contributes to the growing acknowledgement and scholarly exploration of the emotional and spiritual dimensions of work and career. Presenting a theoretical framework which links emotion and career through narrative, the article examines loss of affective organisational commitment using the metaphor of loss of faith, through analysis of a case study based upon an autoethnographic account. The case study illustrates the use of narrative as a coping strategy, and confirms the appropriateness of the loss of faith metaphor.
A Catholic Work Ethic?
Authors: Höpfl Harro
Published: March 2010

The article examines recent teaching by popes and councils of the Catholic Church about work and labour. It produces evidence to suggest that this teaching involves a substantial revaluation of the place of work in the moral economy. An ethic of work as such was not part of the Catholic
tradition of reflection and practice, because of the higher valuation placed on contemplation rather than action, the religious state of poverty, chastity and obedience rather than the lay state, the single rather than the married state. Before Luther Vocation was not a concept extended
to every state of life. All the same there was always a high Catholic valuation placed on doing one's duty and on industriousness in good works. A kind of inner-worldly asceticism was also demanded of the Catholic laity. The article concludes by examining some of the resources provided
by the Catholic tradition itself for the spirituality of work propounded by recent Catholic teaching.
The Little “c” Catholic Organization: Ecumentalism and The Moral Order of Work
Authors: Bøje David , Tobey David H.
Published: March 2010

Catholic, “Big C,” is the institution formed in the 1st century AD from an amalgamation of Christian sects. “Little c”, catholic, is the church founders' pluralistic philosophy of inclusiveness-universal acceptance. We propose the struggle between “Big C” and “Little c” is emblematic of how an organization and organization theory confront ethical dilemmas. “Big C” organizations and organization theorists adjudicate hot, emotive issues through the cool, obfuscating language of high priests seeking resolution through participative decision-making. Alternatively, “little c” organizations and organization theory emphasize collective analysis that seeks mutual understanding through perspective sharing and praxis. In this paper we explore the dialectics of catholicsim (Big C and Little c) and critical postmodern theory (Big CT and little ct) through a dialogue between a neophyte practitioner and an erudite critical theorist seeking solutions for the ethical dilemma of international sweatshops. We conclude by recommending a pragmatic critical theory that moves beyond the participative workplace to create the ecumenical organization as the moral order of work.
Artisans, Athletes, Entrepreneurs, and other Skilled Exemplars of the Way [1]
Authors: Stewart Alex , Lee Felissa K. , Konz Gregory N. P.
Published: March 2010

We introduce management and spirituality scholars to the “knack” passages from the c. 4th century B.C.E. text, theZhuangzi[Inline graphic]. The knack passages are parables about low status figures, such as wheelwrights, furniture makers and cooks, whose actions offer insights into the spirituality of ordinary work and, we argue, of entrepreneurship. Such non-corporate settings are lesser-studied domains for spirituality. Ancient Chinese writings have been noticed by spirituality and management writers but we call for deeper scholarly textual attention. We seek also to model more attention to the renaissance in scholarship on classical China. More ambitiously, we hope to show that these passages are not only germane but worthy of careful consideration. Our efforts reflect the influence of Slingerland's (2003) study of “effortless action” as a central soteriological goal in ancient China.
The Calderón problem with partial data in two dimensions
Authors: Imanuvilov Oleg , Uhlmann Gunther , Yamamoto Masahiro
Published: March 2010

We prove for a two-dimensional bounded domain that the Cauchy data for the Schrödinger equation measured on an arbitrary open subset of the boundary uniquely determines the potential. This implies, for the conductivity equation, that if we measure the current fluxes at the boundary on an arbitrary open subset of the boundary produced by voltage potentials supported in the same subset, we can uniquely determine the conductivity. We use Carleman estimates with degenerate weight functions to construct appropriate complex geometrical optics solutions to prove the results.
Proof of Aldous’ spectral gap conjecture
Authors: Caputo Pietro , Liggett Thomas , Richthammer Thomas
Published: March 2010

Aldous’ spectral gap conjecture asserts that on any graph the random walk process and the random transposition (or interchange) process have the same spectral gap. We prove the conjecture using a recursive strategy. The approach is a natural extension of the method already used to prove the validity of the conjecture on trees. The novelty is an idea based on electric network reduction, which reduces the problem to the proof of an explicit inequality for a random transposition operator involving both positive and negative rates. The proof of the latter inequality uses suitable coset decompositions of the associated matrices with rows and columns indexed by permutations.
Quivers with potentials and their representations II: Applications to cluster algebras
Authors: Derksen Harm , Weyman Jerzy , Zelevinsky Andrei
Published: March 2010

We continue the study of quivers with potentials and their representations initiated in the first paper of the series. Here we develop some applications of this theory to cluster algebras. As shown in the “Cluster algebras IV” paper, the cluster algebra structure is to a large extent controlled by a family of integer vectors called

g

\mathbf {g}

-vectors, and a family of integer polynomials called

F
F

-polynomials. In the case of skew-symmetric exchange matrices we find an interpretation of these

g

\mathbf {g}

-vectors and

F
F

-polynomials in terms of (decorated) representations of quivers with potentials. Using this interpretation, we prove most of the conjectures about

g

\mathbf {g}

-vectors and

F
F

-polynomials made in loc. cit.
Hsp110 Chaperones Control Client Fate Determination in the Hsp70–Hsp90 Chaperone System
Authors: Mandal Atin K. , Gibney Patrick A. , Nillegoda Nadinath B. , Theodoraki Maria A. , Caplan Avrom J. , Morano Kevin A.
Published: March 2010

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) plays a central role in protein homeostasis and quality control in conjunction with other chaperone machines, including Hsp90. The Hsp110 chaperone Sse1 promotes Hsp90 activity in yeast, and functions as a nucleotide exchange factor (NEF) for cytosolic Hsp70, but the precise roles Sse1 plays in client maturation through the Hsp70–Hsp90 chaperone system are not fully understood. We find that upon pharmacological inhibition of Hsp90, a model protein kinase, Ste11ΔN, is rapidly degraded, whereas heterologously expressed glucocorticoid receptor (GR) remains stable. Hsp70 binding and nucleotide exchange by Sse1 was required for GR maturation and signaling through endogenous Ste11, as well as to promote Ste11ΔN degradation. Overexpression of another functional NEF partially compensated for loss of Sse1, whereas the paralog Sse2 fully restored GR maturation and Ste11ΔN degradation. Sse1 was required for ubiquitinylation of Ste11ΔN upon Hsp90 inhibition, providing a mechanistic explanation for its role in substrate degradation. Sse1/2 copurified with Hsp70 and other proteins comprising the “early-stage” Hsp90 complex, and was absent from “late-stage” Hsp90 complexes characterized by the presence of Sba1/p23. These findings support a model in which Hsp110 chaperones contribute significantly to the decision made by Hsp70 to fold or degrade a client protein.
Yip1A Structures the Mammalian Endoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Dykstra Kaitlyn M. , Pokusa Jacqueline E. , Suhan Joseph , Lee Tina H.
Published: March 2010

The structure of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) undergoes highly regulated changes in specialized cell types. One frequently observed type of change is its reorganization into stacked and concentrically whorled membranes, but the underlying mechanisms and functional relevance for cargo export are unknown. Here, we identify Yip1A, a conserved membrane protein that cycles between the ER and early Golgi, as a key mediator of ER organization. Yip1A depletion led to restructuring of the network into multiple, micrometer-sized concentric whorls. Membrane stacking and whorl formation coincided with a marked slowing of coat protein (COP)II-mediated protein export. Furthermore, whorl formation driven by exogenous expression of an ER protein with no role in COPII function also delayed cargo export. Thus, the slowing of protein export induced by Yip1A depletion may be attributed to a proximal role for Yip1A in regulating ER network dispersal. The ER network dispersal function of Yip1A was blocked by alteration of a single conserved amino acid (E95K) in its N-terminal cytoplasmic domain. These results reveal a conserved Yip1A-mediated mechanism for ER membrane organization that may serve to regulate cargo exit from the organelle.
Production Economics and Farm Management: a Century of Contributions
Authors: Chavas Jean‐Paul , Chambers Robert G. , Pope Rulon D.
Published: March 2010

This article is a reflection on the path taken by production economics and farm management over the last century, and the progress made in understanding the economics of the farm. The accumulated knowledge has helped refine our assessment of the efficiency of farm management decisions and the evolving role of agriculture in modern society.
Food and Consumer Economics
Authors: Unnevehr Laurian , Eales James , Jensen Helen , Lusk Jayson , McCluskey Jill , Kinsey Jean
Published: March 2010

Agricultural economists first carried out demand studies in order to understand determinants of farm prices and incomes. The shift to a focus on consumer welfare began with studies of the role of food and food assistance in standards of living. Now the profession is more concerned with how information and quality attributes influence consumer behavior. Agricultural economists’ empirical work in this field has informed the development of household production theory, hedonic price theory, definitions of poverty thresholds, complete demand systems, and survey and experimental techniques to elicit preferences.
Agribusiness Economics and Management
Authors: King Robert P. , Boehlje Michael , Cook Michael L. , Sonka Steven T.
Published: March 2010

Agribusiness scholarship emphasizes an integrated view of the food system that extends from research and input supply through production, processing, and distribution to retail outlets and the consumer. This article traces development of agribusiness scholarship over the past century by describing nine significant areas of contribution by our profession: (1) economics of cooperative marketing and management, (2) design and development of credit market institutions, (3) organizational design, (4) market structure and performance analysis, (5) supply chain management and design, (6) optimization of operational efficiency, (7) development of data and analysis for financial management, (8) strategic management, and (9) agribusiness education.
Econometric Developments in Agricultural and Resource Economics: The First 100 Years
Authors: Bessler David A. , Dorfman Jeffrey H. , Holt Matthew T. , LaFrance Jeffrey T.
Published: March 2010

This article reviews the major contributions of agricultural and resource economists in the area of econometrics over the past 100 years. Early on, a number of agricultural economists were in on the ground floor in terms of developing new econometric methods. Over time as the economics profession became more empirically oriented, agricultural and resource economists increasingly assumed the role of “early adopters” of new econometric methods. Even so, agricultural and resource economists continue to make useful modifications to econometric techniques in order to adapt the methods to the unique nature of the problems and applications that we study.
Dynamics of animal movement in an ecological context: dragonfly wing damage reduces flight performance and predation success
Authors: Combes S. A. , Crall J. D. , Mukherjee S.
Published: March 2010

Much of our understanding of the control and dynamics of animal movement derives from controlled laboratory experiments. While many aspects of animal movement can be probed only in these settings, a more complete understanding of animal locomotion may be gained by linking experiments on relatively simple motions in the laboratory to studies of more complex behaviours in natural settings. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we examined the effects of wing damage on dragonfly flight performance in both a laboratory drop–escape response and the more natural context of aerial predation. The laboratory experiment shows that hindwing area loss reduces vertical acceleration and average flight velocity, and the predation experiment demonstrates that this type of wing damage results in a significant decline in capture success. Taken together, these results suggest that wing damage may take a serious toll on wild dragonflies, potentially reducing both reproductive success and survival.
Higher reproductive skew among birds than mammals in cooperatively breeding species
Authors: Raihani Nichola J. , Clutton-Brock Tim H.
Published: March 2010

While competition for limited breeding positions is a common feature of group life, species vary widely in the extent to which reproduction is shared among females (‘reproductive skew’). In recent years, there has been considerable debate over the mechanisms that generate variation in reproductive skew, with most evidence suggesting that subordinates breed when dominants are unable to prevent them from doing so. Here, we suggest that viviparity reduces the ability of dominant females to control subordinate reproduction and that, as a result, dominant female birds are more able than their mammal counterparts to prevent subordinates from breeding. Empirical data support this assertion. This perspective may increase our understanding of how cooperative groups form and are stabilized in nature.
Reproductive control via eviction (but not the threat of eviction) in banded mongooses
Authors: Cant Michael A. , Hodge Sarah J. , Bell Matthew B. V. , Gilchrist Jason S. , Nichols Hazel J.
Published: March 2010

Considerable research has focused on understanding variation in reproductive skew in cooperative animal societies, but the pace of theoretical development has far outstripped empirical testing of the models. One major class of model suggests that dominant individuals can use the threat of eviction to deter subordinate reproduction (the ‘restraint’ model), but this idea remains untested. Here, we use long-term behavioural and genetic data to test the assumptions of the restraint model in banded mongooses (Mungos mungo), a species in which subordinates breed regularly and evictions are common. We found that dominant females suffer reproductive costs when subordinates breed, and respond to these costs by evicting breeding subordinates from the groupen masse, in agreement with the assumptions of the model. We found no evidence, however, that subordinate females exercise reproductive restraint to avoid being evicted in the first place. This means that the pattern of reproduction is not the result of a reproductive ‘transaction’ to avert the threat of eviction. We present a simple game theoretical analysis that suggests that eviction threats may often be ineffective to induce pre-emptive restraint among multiple subordinates and predicts that threats of eviction (or departure) will be much more effective in dyadic relationships and linear hierarchies. Transactional models may be more applicable to these systems. Greater focus on testing the assumptions rather than predictions of skew models can lead to a better understanding of how animals control each other's reproduction, and the extent to which behaviour is shaped by overt acts versus hidden threats.