bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Maldives; A Single Center Clinical Experience
Authors: Khadka Mohan
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), once considered disease of west is also increasingly diagnosed in Asia in recent years. As there are already studies about IBD in Southeast Asia like India, Srilanka, it would be more informative to study the disease in Maldives as being closer to India and Srilanka. This is probably the first study about the disease from Maldives conducted in a single tertiary hospital center. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence, clinical characteristics and treatment of IBD in Maldives.

Methodology: A preliminary hospital-based retrospective observational study was performed in ADK multispecialty hospital, a referral tertiary center located in the capital city of Maldives. Patients visiting gastroenterology OPD, who were diagnosed as IBD either Crohn's disease (CD) or Ulcerative colitis (UC) on basis of internationally established standard practice, were recruited in the study after informed oral consents for the duration of three years from January, 2017 to December, 2020. We collected clinical data including gender, age at diagnosis, symptomatology, severity, smoking habits, family history, disease phenotype, and behavior at diagnosis from each involved patients as per clinical proforma prepared for UC and Crohn's disease in separate forms.

Result: Total 41 patients of IBD with 15 CD and 26 UC were recruited during study period. The prevalence of IBD in the country was estimated to be at least 20 per 100000 persons. Ileocolonic phenotype in CD and Extended colitis in UC were more common. Clinically, majority IBD patients presented with moderate to severe form. Biologic agents were frequently used in IBD.

Conclusion: The prevalence of IBD in Maldives is also more or less similar to other Asian countries where as some aspects of clinical characteristics are similar to Western countries. There needs to be nationwide epidemiological study or multi center hospital based prospective or at least cross sectional study for detail and optimal information about various aspects of IBD.
Study on the adsorption of heavy metal ions Pb2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+from the aqueous solution of the copolymer prepared by gamma induced radiationpolymerization
Authors:   Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, Pham Bao Ngoc , Nguyen Giang ,   Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, Le Van Toan ,   Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, Le Xuan Cuong ,   Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, Nguyen Minh Hiep ,   Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, Vu Ngoc Bich Dao ,   Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, Tran Thi Tam ,   Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, Le Van Thuc ,   Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, Le Thi Thuy Linh ,   Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, Le Thi Bich Thy ,   Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, Han Huynh Dien ,   Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, Nguyen Trong Hoanh Phong ,   Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute
Published: June 2021

Copolymer hydrogel (PVA-g-AA) having varied PVA (Polyvinyl alcohol) and AA (Acrylic acid) content is prepared by gamma induced radiation polymerization. The parameters affecting the gel fraction yield have been studied. The gel fraction and the swelling property are found to be 92.39 and 905% respectively at an absorbed dose of 20 kGy. Structural and property characteristics were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The surface morphology of PVA and copolymer has been studied with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The factors affecting the metal uptake such as pH, time, and initial feed metal concentration were investigated. It is found that at pH 5 and after 240 minutes the maximum adsorption amount are 178, 161, 117, and 110 mg/g for Pb2+, Zn2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ respectively.
Determination of the mixing extent of sugar from C4 plants in juice using the isotopic signature of carbon (δ13C) in sugar
Authors:   Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Ha Lan Anh , Pham Duc Khue ,   Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Mai Dinh Kien ,   Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Nguyen Thi Tuoi ,   vInstitute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Vu Hoai ,   Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Vo Thi Anh ,   Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to apply a method for estimating the mixing extent of C4 sugar in juice (apple) based on the fingerprinting of carbon stable isotope (δ13C). The values of δ13C in sugar separated from fresh apples, pure apple juices as well as sugar produced from C4 plants (plants conduct C4 cycle photo-synthesis, in this case, it was sugar canes) were analysed on an isotope ratio mass spectrometer equipped with an elemental analyzer (EA IRMS). The results showed that the δ13C in sugar separated from fresh apples was in the range of -27.00 to -24.00‰ with an average of -25.47‰ (n=6) vs. VPDB standard (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite). Meanwhile, the δ13C in sugar cane products ranged from -13.00 to -11.00‰, with an average of -12,47‰ vs. VPDB. Based on the isotope signature of carbon (δ13C) and the two end-members mixing model, the extent of mixing C4 sugar in apple juice available on the market could be estimated precisely. It was found one out of 9 apple juice samples available in the Hanoi markets to have a high content of C4 sugar mixed in the product, it was up to 96% instead of 5% as proclaimed on the label. The developed method seems to be of high accuracy so it was advisable to wider its application in the evaluation of the quality of juices available at the markets in Vietnam to ensure the right of the consumers.
Right to access science and technology information in scientific research and innovation activities in Vietnam
Authors:   Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Le Tung Son , Thach Thi Hoang Yen ,   University of Social Sciences and Humanities, VNU Hanoi, Tran Van Hong ,   Cultural Center of District 6, Ho Chi Minh city
Published: June 2021

Science and technology information has been an important driving force in the information society and knowledge economy. Access to scientific and technological information for scientific research becomes an essential need and a factor affecting the quality of scientific research and innovation, thereby posing a problem to establish a legal framework for recognising and enforcing the right to access scientific and technological information. Based on identifying and evaluating the current legal status on the right to access to science and technology information, this study proposes solutions to improve the legal framework to ensure the enforcement of the right to access science and technology information in Vietnam.
Aspectos comportamentais da reprodução de diferentes espécies de Brevipalpus (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), em laboratório
Authors: Mineiro Jeferson Luiz de Carvalho , Sato Mário Eidi
Published: June 2021

O gênero Brevipalpus é um dos mais importantes da família Tenuipalpidae, com aproximadamente 300 espécies conhecidas, mas apenas algumas são importantes pragas na agricultura. Apesar da importância econômica de Tenuipalpidae, essa família tem sido bem menos estudada do que a Tetranychidae. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar os aspectos comportamentais reprodutivos de duas espécies de Brevipalpus, em laboratório. As criações de Brevipalpus papayensis Baker e Brevipalpus yothersi Baker foram conduzidas em folhas de Coffea arabica L. Foram estabelecidas colônias para diferentes espécies de Brevipalpus e cada uma foi iniciada com uma única fêmea coletada em diferentes locais. Machos de B. papayensis e de B. yothersi podem proteger uma deutoninfa por um breve período, para se acasalar com ela posteriormente.
Promover la literacidad en el primer año de vida
universitaria (LAE-UPN)
Authors: Serrano Castañeda José Antonio , Chavira Álvarez Lorena del Socorro , Ramos Morales Juan Mario
Published: June 2021

Este trabajo analiza la experiencia de una propuesta de prácticas de acompañamiento, fundamentada en una perspectiva sociocultural de literacidad académica, que impacta en la trayectoria formativa de estudiantes de primer año de educación superior. La experiencia se articula en la perspectiva biográfico-narrativa y la pedagogía del tacto. Los autores documentan el devenir consciente de dos alumnos en el proceso de formación alrededor de la escritura académica, ligada a campos de conocimiento concretos. Metodológicamente, se expone cómo, desde una perspectiva cualitativa, se organizan las estrategias de intervención y documentación del proceso de la experiencia en la construcción de trayectorias de formación que hacen de los estudiantes agentes activos y empoderados alrededor del lenguaje (oralidad, lectura y escritura) en el nivel universitario. El texto finaliza con reflexiones sobre el papel de las condiciones institucionales de acompañamiento para que los alumnos se conviertan en autores de su palabra.
Discurso y textos académicos. Definiciones para un centro de escritura normalista
Authors: Godínez López Eva Margarita
Published: June 2021

Este artículo revisa conceptos relacionados con la escritura de textos académicos desde una mirada funcionalista e interaccionista del discurso y el lenguaje, con el propósito de reflexionar sobre el objeto de los centros de escritura y establecer un marco teórico que fundamente la práctica de un centro dirigido a una comunidad normalista. La literacidad y la alfabetización académica se inscriben aquí en el contexto de la formación inicial de profesores. Se abordan los aspectos sociales y epistemológicos de las prácticas de escritura comunes en la educación superior, así como los lingüísticos que caracterizan los textos que median dichas prácticas y que pueden representar retos para los estudiantes. Se concluye que la razón práctica del centro de escritura ha de sustentarse en un posicionamiento teórico-pedagógico claro, basado en el conocimiento de las características del discurso y el lenguaje que se emplea en un proceso de inculturación que tiene un carácter social, cognoscitivo y lingüístico.
Improvement of the system of social work through activation ombudsman
Authors: Surovtseva Iryna
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the partnership of social workers and ombudsmen as an influential tool for the citizens' rights protection. The common aspects of professional activity of social workers and ombudsmen in the citizens' rights protection of Ukraine and European countries are analyzed. Analyzed the annual reports of the National Ombudsman, clarified the dynamics of the receipt of citizens' reports about violations of their rights. There is a growing number of human rights violations in the field of social protection. The ombudsman has the right to make recommendations to the central executive bodies, which are ripe after the monitoring visits. Through the activities of social workers and the ombudsman, the state assumes the main functions of ensuring human rights in the social sphere.

Foreign experience on the significant role of «natural allies» (social workers and ombudsmen) in drafting a formal protocol of strategic and tactical cooperation to optimize the residents' interests based on a friendly advisory approach have been highlighted.

Most often, social workers and ombudsmen are forced to act as intermediaries between people and the state or other bodies to uphold justice and provide protection in cases where measures taken by the state in the interests of society as a whole threaten the rights and freedoms of individuals or groups. There is a need to intensify cooperation between the ombudsman's offices, social protection departments and social service providers (for example, through the joint Commissions on the quality of social services establishment, joint investigations into unsatisfactory social or medical care complaints). It seems relevant to expand the positions of specialized ombudsmen (for social protection (security), military ombudsman) as independent officials in communities (municipalities) for Ukraine.
Readyness of future social workers to work in an inclusive youth environment
Authors: Ostryanko Tetiana
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the issue of future social workers' training to work in an inclusive youth environment.  The gradual establishment of inclusive values in Ukrainian society requires changes in the behaviour and perception of people with special needs.

There is a need to train professionals who can translate change and develop an inclusive environment, including youth. The author identifies organizational and managerial components in the structure of training as one of the main in the work with youth in the conditions of inclusion. In the updated formulation of readiness criteria, some functions and roles perform a social worker in a youth inclusive environment. It is determined that the main content of the managerial criterion is that during the work the social worker could influence the change in the motivation of young people's behaviour, thinking, perception. The structural components of the organizational criterion are staging goals, planning, control, evaluation. Research levels of organizational and managerial readiness for future social workers used: Methodology of L.Umanskaya, O. Lutoshkin "Methodology for detecting the level of the organism. The study of the readiness level for activities in the inclusive youth environment showed that the level of development of communicative and organizational capabilities predominate the average levels determined.  This is evidenced that  an insufficient level of knowledge  is in future social workers to establish contact interaction in the youth environment, also at the level between sectoral cooperation.
Clostridium Difficile Infection and Biliary Obstruction
Authors: Stoian Marilena
Published: June 2021

We present a case of a 38-year -old man was admitted to the hospital with biliary obstruction and Clostridium Difficile infection. He presented with moderate increases in the aminotransferase and bilirubin levels suggesting the diagnosis of an autoimmune hepatobiliary disease; intestinal protein loss needs to evaluate an associated inflammatory bowel disease. The clinical diagnosis of autoimmune hepatobiliary disease associated with inflammatory bowel disease is based on the patients symptoms and the presence of a protein-losing enteropathy which are more suggestive of Crohn disease, while moderate increases in the aminotransferase levels in proportion to the increase in the bilirubin level suggesting the diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis. The pathological and positive diagnosis needs an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and a biopsy of gastric and duodenum mucosae who showed severe inflammation findings that are diagnostic of Crohn disease.
Penetrating Abdominal Trauma in Children: A Tertiary Hospital Experience in a Developing Country
Authors: Emeka Chukwubuike
Published: June 2021

Objective: Penetrating abdominal trauma in children is a life threatening emergency. The objective of this study was to evaluate our experience in the management of penetrating abdominal trauma in children in a tertiary hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of children that were managed for penetrating abdominal injury at the pediatric surgery unit of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. Medical records of the patients over a 10-year period were evaluated. Results: During the study period, there were 21 cases of penetrating abdominal injuries with an age range of 9 to15 years (median: 11 years) and male to female ratio of 4.25:1. Fourteen (66.7%) patients presented after 48 hours from the time of the incident. Gunshot injury was the most common mechanism of injury. Five (23.8%) patients were in a clinical state of shock on presentation to the hospital and 10 (47.6%) patients had evisceration of intra-abdominal organ. Small intestine was the most damaged intra-abdominal organ while head injury was the most associated extra-abdominal injury. Surgical site infection was a common post-operative complication and 2 (9.5%) patients expired. Conclusion: Penetrating abdominal trauma in children is uncommon. Late presentation is common in low income countries and the small intestine is the most damaged intra-abdominal organ.
Do Face Masks Increase the Rate of Staphylococcus Aureus Infection as Secondary Infection during Covid-19?
Authors: Bozorgnia Mahdi
Published: June 2021

Nowadays due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to save our lives, we have to use masks in a wider range. Since masks are now considered a protective device to prevent some bacterial or viral diseases, especially COVID-19, and the advice is that we should use them to save our lives and the lives of others. It is true that masks have many benefits, but maybe they are also harmful. It seems that is possible in long- term masking, itself cause side effects or even other diseases. Therefore, since masks are now more widely used, its advantages and even disadvantages are important to us. We think, maybe there are harms that may cause other bacterial diseases as secondary bacterial infection that may be confused with COVID-19 because they may have similar symptoms or may increase the severity of it. In this article, we review Staphylococcus Aureus that may be exacerbate or cause infectious diseases and increase the risk of infection. We may be able to prevent them with some recommendations.
A new species of Ischnus from Mexico (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae: Cryptini)
Authors: Kasparyan D.R. , López-Ortega M.
Published: June 2021

A new species, Ischnus coxalis sp. nov., is described from Mexico and compared with the closely related I. laevifrons Townes, 1962. Sexual dimorphism of the new species is discussed.
The Hydropolitics of the Indus Waters Treaty: A Critical Perspective
Authors: Mehsud Muhammad Imran , Adnan Malik , Jan Azam
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses the hydro politics of the Indus Waters Treaty from a critical perspective. Many analysts and commentators from both India and Pakistan expressed displeasure with the treaty on the grounds of allotting more waters to the contending party. The Indian side is displeased with 'restricted' rights on western rights, whereas the Pakistani side laments the Indian rights on the western rivers as detrimental to its water security. Neutral experts consider the Indus Waters Treaty as an instance of successful water dispute resolution. However, the treaty's failure to account for future implications of the climate change for water supply and surging population for water demand as well as the absence of the other co-riparians of China and Afghanistan from the treaty and its failure to hardwire enough safeguards to ensure Kashmiri's needs are met from the waters add to the stresses and strains in the Indus Waters Treaty.
Legislative lacunas in holding persons responsible for driving vehicles under the influence of alcohol
Authors: Yushkevych Olena
Published: June 2021

A general review of the legal framework for holding persons administratively responsible for driving vehicles under the influence of alcohol has been carried out. Lacunas in the current legislation on holding persons responsible for driving vehicles under the influence of alcohol have been identified. Thus, there is nowadays virtually no practice of drawing up re-ports on administrative offenses for transferring control of a vehicle to a person who is in a state of alcohol intoxication. The legislative alternative presupposing the police inspecting a vehicle on the scene using specialist equipment or medical staff examining the driver of that vehicle leads, in certain cases, to the closure of the administrative offense proceedings in the actual absence of the administrative offense case to answer. The relevant judicial practice has been analyzed. The distinctive features of the use by the police of specialist equipment, by means of which the drivers of vehicles are detected to have signs of alcohol intoxication, have been highlighted. Opposing views have been given on the issue of classifying certain equipment, currently used by the police officers, as specialist. Proposals regarding amendments to the respective regulations have been formulated. In particular, this is the establishment of the lower and upper limits of administrative penalties; taking disciplinary action against respective persons for failure to appear in court for hearing an administrative offense case, as well as conducting internal reviews in case the court recognizes the fact of unlawful drawing up of the report on an administrative offense; the expansion of the list of documents that must be carried by the driver of a motor vehicle, etc.
To the issue of the concept of general principles of imposition of sentence
Authors: Marysyuk Kostyantyn
Published: June 2021

An attempt is made to investigate scientific approaches to the concept of general principles of sentencing. Although the general principles of sentencing are directly provided for in the Criminal Code of Ukraine in the article with the appropriate title, there are still some differences as to which provisions of this article apply to them. There are several points of view on this. According to the first - the general principles of sentencing are contained only in Part 1 of Art. 65 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which provides for five separate general principles: 1) sentencing within the limits established by the sanctions of the article (sanctions of part of the article) of the Special Part of the Criminal Code, which provides for liability for a criminal offense, except as provided in part two 53 of the Criminal Code; 2) sentencing in accordance with the provisions of the General Part of the Criminal Code; 3) imposition of punishment taking into account the severity of the criminal offense; 4) sentencing, taking into account the identity of the perpetrator; 5) sentencing, taking into account mitigating and aggravating circumstances. According to the second point of view, the general principles of sentencing are contained only in Part 1 of Art. 65 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which provides for three general principles, ie the imposition of punishment taking into account the severity of the criminal offense, the perpetrator and mitigating and aggravating circumstances, is considered one general principle. It is concluded that the general principles of sentencing should be understood as a holistic system of general rules, which together must be guided by the court in each case of choosing the type and measure of punishment for a person guilty of a criminal offense.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHA EMPING TIKE PADA INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Alfebry Kerin , Juswadi Juri , Mahmud Yudhi
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) Mengetahui kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, dan ancaman yang dihadapi dalam usaha emping tike di Desa Jumbleng Kecamatan Losarang Kabupaten Indramayu, 2) Menetapkan strategi pengembangan Usaha emping tike berdasarkan analisis SWOT.Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Jumbleng Kecamatan Losarang Kabupaten Indramayu. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan cara Simple Random Sampling adalah metode dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 12 pengusaha. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dengan survei, desain penelitian survei deskriftif. Jenis data yang digunakan yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari wawancara melalui kuesioner.Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu Kekuatan home industry emping tike di Desa Jumbleng. Dipilih 3 strategi yang tepat untuk pengembangan yaitu : Strategi I : Memanfaatkan teknologi dan informasi untuk meningkatkan peminat dan memperluas areal promosi usaha emping tike. ( Strategi Integrasi ke depan, integrasi kebelakang, penetrasi pasar).Usaha emping tike di Desa Jumbleng Kecamatan Losarang Kabupaten Indramayu berada pada kuadran II dengan jumlah skror IFE 3,040 dan total skor EFE 2,764 yang artinya tumbuh pertahankan atau pelihara. Memanfaatkan teknologi dan informasi untuk meningkatkan peminat dan memperluas areal promosi usaha emping tike. Dengan jumlah skor TAS 6,435.
NILAI TAMBAH PENGOLAHAN KACANG KEDELAI MENJADI TAHU
Authors: Pitaloka Putri Diah , Supriyadi Supriyadi , Sumarna Pandu
Published: June 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui besar nilai tambah dan rasio nilai tambah dari pengolahan kacang kedelai menjadi tahu di Kelurahan Bojongsari Kecamatan Indramayu Kabupaten Indramayu Tahun 2018. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai tambah yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan kacang kedelai menjadi tahu di Kelurahan Bojongsari Kecamatan Indramayu Kabupaten Indramayu Tahun 2018 adalah jika dihitung pada responden pertama untuk ukuran 6 cm x 6 cm berdasarkan output 160 Kg per satu kali produksi yaitu Rp. 6.837,00 dengan rasio nilai tambah yang didapat jika dihitung berdasarkan output 160 Kg yaitu 42,73% kurang dari 50%. Ukuran 8 cm x 8 cm berdasarkan output 90 Kg per satu kali produksi yaitu Rp. 7.778,00 dengan rasio nilai tambah yang didapat jika dihitung berdasarkan output 90 Kg yaitu 43,21% kurang dari 50%. Ukuran 9 cm x 9 cm berdasarkan output 62,5 Kg per satu kali produksi yaitu Rp. 7.462,00 dengan rasio nilai tambah yang didapat jika dihitung berdasarkan output 62,5 Kg yaitu 39,80 % kurang dari 50%. Hasil penelitian dari responden pertama untuk tiga ukuran tergolong rendah. Responden kedua untuk ukuran 3 cm x 3 cm berdasarkan output 80 Kg per satu kali produksi yaitu Rp. 28.197,00 dengan rasio nilai tambah yang didapat jika dihitung berdasarkan output 80 Kg yaitu 73,43 % lebih dari 50%. Ukuran 6 cm x 6 cm berdasarkan output 80 Kg per satu kali produksi yaitu Rp. 28.197,00 dengan rasio nilai tambah yang didapat jika dihitung berdasarkan output 80 Kg yaitu 73,43 % lebih dari 50%. Hasil penelitian dari responden kedua untuk kedua ukuran sama tergolong tinggi.
EFISIENSI USAHATANI TUMPANG SARI JAGUNG (Zea mays, L.) DAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea, L.) DI LAHAN TANAMAN JATI (Tectona grandis, L. F.) MILIK PERUM PERHUTANI PADA KELOMPOK TANI MAJU TANI
Authors: Nurmelyana Dede , Santoso Teguh Iman , Mulyati Neneng Sri
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya biaya produksi, keuntungan, nilai R/C dan Rentabilitas usahatani Tumpangsari Jagung dan Kacang Tanah pada Lahan Perum Perhutani. Desain yang digunakan adalah desain penelitian survei deskriptif, dan metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei dengan jumlah responden seluruhnya adalah 11 orang diambil dari populasi Kelompok Tani Maju Tani yang berusahatani Jagung dan Kacang Tanah secara Tumpangsari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dengan luas rata-rata 0,5 Ha, diperlukan biaya usahatani sebesar Rp. 3.942.162,88 untuk jagung dan Rp. 3.881.032,60 Untuk Kacang Tanah. Besarnya rata-rata keuntungan usahatani jagung dan kacang tanah per luas lahan garapan adalah sebesar Rp. 3.181.746,21 untuk jagung dan Rp. 3.989.421,95 untuk kacang tanah. Nilai R/C untuk Jagung adalah sebesar 1,80 dan 1,95 untuk kacang tanah. Rentabilitas Usahatani Jagung adalah 80% dan 95 % untuk kacang tanah.
HUBUNGAN KINERJA KELOMPOK TANI DENGAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI PADI SAWAH (Oryza sativa, L.) DI KECAMATAN TUKDANA, KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU
Authors: Fahmariza Mohammad , Hikmana Entus , Tohidin Tohidin
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja kelembagaan kelompok tani di Kecamatan Tukdana Kabupaten Indramayu dan mengetahui tingkat hubungan kinerja kelembagaan kelompok tani terhadap pendapatan usahatani padi sawah (Oryza sativa, L.) di Kecamatan Tukdana Kabupaten Indramayu. Objek penelitian ini adalah kelompok tani di Kecamatan Tukdana Kabupaten Indramayu sebanyak 10 kelompok tani. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode Survei Explanatori. Terdapat 50 populasi (kelompok tani) penentuan sampel dilakukan secara sengaja (Purposive) mengakibatkan penelitian ini memiliki 40 responden terdiri dari 10 kelompok tani masing-masing ketua, sekertaris, bendahara dan anggota kelompok tani tersebut untuk mengetahui kinerja dan pendapatannya. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan  observasi dan wawancara. Analisi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk menguji hubungan keeratan antara variabel kinerja kelompok tani dengan pendapatan usahatani, menggunakan analisis korelasi Product moment dengan menggunakan alat bantu aplikasi SPSS 20. Kinerja kelompok di Kecamatan Tukdana Kabupaten Indramayu sudah cukup baik, sebagian besar kinerja kelompok tani adalah tergolong klasifikasi cukup dengan skor 246 – 455, yaitu 8 kelompok tani sudah tergolong klasifikasi cukup dan 2 kelompok tani tergolong klasifikasi kurang ( 245). Hasil dari analisis diperoleh angka koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,678 artinya tingkat kekuatan hubungan (korelasi) antara variabel kinerja kelompok tani dengan pendapatan adalah kuat (0,600 – 0,799). Dengan nilai sebesar 0,678 dapat menggambarkan sejauhmana keeratan hubungan antara variabel kinerja kelompok tani dengan pendapatan usahatani padi sawah dengan nilai 67,8%. Jadi hubungan antara kinerja kelompok tani dengan pendapatan padi sawah di Kecamatan Tukdana Kabupaten Indramayu dapat dinyatakan positif maka hubunganya searah.
Anthropometry of the knee of the Turkish population and the comparison to implant sizes in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Mutlu Serhat , Mutlu Harun , Bal Emre
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most common orthopaedic surgical procedures in the advanced stages of knee arthritis. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to define the sex differences in the Turkish population’s morphological measurements of the distal femoral and proximal tibial surfaces that form the knee joint and to compare their compatibility with conventional prosthetic implants commonly used in TKA for advanced-stage knee arthritis. METHODS: Anthropometric data for a total of 240 knees from 240 patients were measured using 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT). All morphological data were compared with the dimensions of four conventional knee prostheses commonly used in Turkey. RESULTS: A comparison of the four tibial components revealed that the majority of female proximal tibias matched with smaller-sized tibial components, whereas those of males matched the larger sizes. Comparing the morphological data with similar values for the four femoral components currently used in Turkey, we found that all the prostheses had similar values. CONCLUSION: The four conventional prosthetic brands included in this study matched the distal femoral dimensions of both sexes. On the other hand, we need smaller size tibial components for our female population.
Influence of Arg399Gln, Arg280His and Arg194Trp XRCC1 gene polymorphisms of Base Excision Repair pathway on the level of 8-oxo-guanine and risk of head and neck cancer in the Polish population
Authors: Kabzinski Jacek , Maczynska Monika , Kaczmarczyk Dariusz , Majsterek Ireneusz
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Reduced efficiency of DNA repair systems has long been a suspected factor in increasing the risk of cancer. OBJECTIVE: In this work we investigate influence of three selected polymorphisms of DNA repair gene XRCC1 and level of oxidative damage (measured as level of 8-oxo-guanine) on modulation of the risk of HNSCC. METHODS: In group of 359 patients with HNSCC (diagnosed with OSCC) the occurrence of polymorphic variants in Arg399Gln, Arg280His and Arg194Trp of XRCC1 were studied with TaqMan technique. In addition we determined level of 8-oxo-guanine with ELISA. RESULTS: Arg399Gln polymorphism and Arg194Trp polymorphism of XRCC1 gene increases the risk of HNSCC. The coexistence of Arg399Gln and Arg194Trp simultaneously enhances this effect. At the same time, their coexistence with His280His raises the risk to a level higher than in the absence of such coexistence, although the His280His itself is not associated with an increased risk of HNSCC. Patients have higher levels of 8-oxo-guanine than control group, and His280His is polymorphism with highest mean value of 8-oxoG level among studied. CONCLUSION: Patients with HNSCC not only have an increased level of 8-oxoguanine and the Arg399Gln and Arg/Trp of XRCC1 modulate risk of cancer, but there is also a relationship between these two phenomena, and it can be explained using intragenic combinations revealing that a high level of 8-oxoG could be a potential mechanism behind the modulation of HNSCC risk by the polymorphisms studied.
Screening of cervical cancer-related hub genes based on comprehensive bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Tu Simei , Zhang Hao , Yang Xiaocheng , Wen Wen , Song Kangjing , Yu Xinyi , Qu Xinjian
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Since the molecular mechanisms of cervical cancer (CC) have not been completely discovered, it is of great significance to identify the hub genes and pathways of this disease to reveal the molecular mechanisms of cervical cancer. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to identify the biological functions and prognostic value of hub genes in cervical cancer. METHODS: The gene expression data of CC patients were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The core genes were screened out by differential gene expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). R software, the STRING online tool and Cytoscape software were used to screen out the hub genes. The GEPIA public database was used to further verify the expression levels of the hub genes in normal tissues and tumour tissues and determine the disease-free survival (DFS) rates of the hub genes. The protein expression of the survival-related hub genes was identified with the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. RESULTS: A total of 64 core genes were screened, and 10 genes, including RFC5, POLE3, RAD51, RMI1, PALB2, HDAC1, MCM4, ESR1, FOS and E2F1, were identified as hub genes. Compared with that in normal tissues, RFC5, POLE3, RAD51,RMI1, PALB2, MCM4 and E2F1 were all significantly upregulated in cervical cancer, ESR1 was significantly downregulated in cervical cancer, and RFC5 expression in CC patients was significantly related to OS. In the DFS analysis, no significant difference was observed in the expression level of RFC5 in cervical cancer patients. Finally, RFC5 protein levels verified by the HPA database were consistently upregulated with mRNA levels in CC samples. CONCLUSIONS: RFC5 may play important roles in the occurrence and prognosis of CC. It could be further explored and validated as a potential predictor and therapeutic target for CC.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in pediatric patients: An Iranian referral hospital-based study
Authors: Mamishi Setareh , Esslami Golnaz Ghazizadeh , Mohammadi Mohsen , Abdolsalehi Mohammad Reza , Sadeghi Reihaneh Hosseinpour , Mahmoudi Shima , Pourakbari Babak
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: As the extent of the pandemic and its seroprevalence pattern has been less clarified in pediatrics to date, we aimed to conduct this study to investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 in Iranian children, with a focus on evaluating the antibody prevalence and its relation with the laboratory tests. METHODS: All children with highly suspected COVID-19 were included. Anti-nucleoprotein SARS-CoV-2 were measured using SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin M (IgM) and SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA kits. Hypothesis testing was carried out through SPSS to unravel any association between the measurement tools and important clinical and laboratory characteristics. RESULTS: In this study, 254 patients were evaluated and 117 cases (46%) were male. The nucleic acid detection results for patient 55 were negative, but the IgM and IgG results were positive. Totally, 190 patients were tested for IgM in which only 14 (7.3%) had positive tests. Positive IgG was detected in 51 (20%) out of 254 patients; among them, 30 patients had negative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR (59%). Lower level of platelets in IgG positive group in comparison with the IgG negative group was observed (P value: 0.015). Moreover, higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was observed in the in IgG positive group (P value: 0.02). In patients with positive IgM, relative hypocalcemia (median of 8.25; IQR: 8.02–8.62) was found which appeared to be significant (P value: 0.02). CONCLUSION: This is the first largest study describing the SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among children in Iran and provides important insight about the COVID-19 infection in children.
Revisiting the K-nn algorithm for obstetric image segmentation
Authors: Salgado P. , Azevedo Perdicoúlis T.-P.
Published: June 2021

Medical image techniques are used to examine and determine the well-being of the foetus during pregnancy. Digital image processing (DIP) is essential to extract valuable information embedded in most biomedical signals. Afterwords, intelligent segmentation methods, based on classifier algorithms, must be applied to identify structures and relevant features from previous data. The success of both is essential for helping doctors to identify adverse health conditions from the medical images. To obtain easy and reliable DIP methods for foetus images in real-time, at different gestational ages, aware pre-processing needs to be applied to the images. Thence, some data features are extracted that are meant to be used as input to the segmentation algorithms presented in this work. Due to the high dimension of the problems in question, assemblage of the data is also desired. The segmentation of the images is done by revisiting the K-nn algorithm that is a conventional nonparametric classifier. Besides its simplicity, its power to accomplish high classification results in medical applications has been demonstrated. In this work two versions of this algorithm are presented (i) an enhancement of the standard version by aggregating the data apriori and (ii) an iterative version of the same method where the training set (TS) is not static. The procedure is demonstrated in two experiments, where two images of different technologies were selected: a magnetic resonance image and an ultrasound image, respectively. The results were assessed by comparison with the K-means clustering algorithm, a well-known and robust method for this type of task. Both described versions showed results close to 100% matching with the ones obtained by the validation method, although the iterative version displays much higher reliability in the classification.
Sustained Hippocampal Neural Plasticity Questions the Reproducibility of an Amyloid-β-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Model
Authors: Paulo Sara L. , Ribeiro-Rodrigues Leonor , Rodrigues Rui S. , Mateus Joana M. , Fonseca-Gomes João , Soares Rita , Diógenes Maria J. , Solá Susana , Sebastião Ana M. , Ribeiro Filipa F. , Xapelli Sara
Published: June 2021

Background: The use of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) models obtained by intracerebral infusion of amyloid-β (Aβ) has been increasingly reported in recent years. Nonetheless, these models may present important challenges. Objective: We have focused on canonical mechanisms of hippocampal-related neural plasticity to characterize a rat model obtained by an intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of soluble amyloid-β42 (Aβ42). Methods: Animal behavior was evaluated in the elevated plus maze, Y-Maze spontaneous or forced alternation, Morris water maze, and open field, starting 2 weeks post-Aβ42 infusion. Hippocampal neurogenesis was assessed 3 weeks after Aβ42 injection. Aβ deposition, tropomyosin receptor kinase B levels, and neuroinflammation were appraised at 3 and 14 days post-Aβ42 administration. Results: We found that immature neuronal dendritic morphology was abnormally enhanced, but proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the dentate gyrus was conserved one month after Aβ42 injection. Surprisingly, animal behavior did not reveal changes in cognitive performance nor in locomotor and anxious-related activity. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor related-signaling was also unchanged at 3 and 14 days post-Aβ icv injection. Likewise, astrocytic and microglial markers of neuroinflammation in the hippocampus were unaltered in these time points. Conclusion: Taken together, our data emphasize a high variability and lack of behavioral reproducibility associated with these Aβ injection-based models, as well as the need for its further optimization, aiming at addressing the gap between preclinical AD models and the human disorder.
The Use of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinases in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy-Related Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Xia Mingxu , Su Ya , Fu Jiayu , Xu Jiajie , Wang Qiong , Gao Feng , Shen Yong , Dong Qiang , Cheng Xin
Published: June 2021

Background: Neuroimaging has played a primary role in predicting intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) recurrence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA); however, the utilities of biomarkers in CAA-related ICH and cognitive impairment remain unexplored. Objective: To investigate the correlations of serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-3, and MMP-9 with CAA-related MRI markers, ICH recurrence, and cognitive status. Methods: 68 cases with first probable CAA-ICH and 69 controls were recruited. Clinical and imaging data were obtained at baseline and serum MMPs in the acute phase were measured by Luminex multiplex assays. Cognitive status was assessed with the Chinese version of Mini-Mental State Examination within 10–14 days after ICH onset. Results: Serum MMP-2 level was significantly lower in CAA-ICH patients than controls while MMP-9 was significantly higher. In CAA-ICH patients, MMP-3 level was significantly associated with lobar cerebral microbleeds count after adjusting age, sex, and hypertension (adjusted coefficient 0.368, 95%CI 0.099–0.637, p = 0.008). During a median follow-up of 2.4 years, higher level of MMP-2 predicted lower CAA-ICH recurrence after adjusting age (adjusted HR 0.326, 95%CI 0.122–0.871, p = 0.025), ICH volume (adjusted HR 0.259, 95%CI 0.094–0.715, p = 0.009), total MRI burden of SVD score (adjusted HR 0.350, 95%CI 0.131–0.936, p = 0.037) respectively. Besides, higher level of MMP-2 was significantly associated with decreased risk of cognitive impairment independent of age and ICH volume (adjusted OR 0.054, 95%CI 0.005–0.570, p = 0.015). Conclusion: Serum MMP-2 in acute phase might be a promising biomarker to predict CAA-ICH recurrence and to evaluate the risk of cognitive impairment.
Hierarchically adaptive image block matching under complicated illumination conditions
Authors: Yang Zhihui , Zhang Lijuan , Wu Yajie , Yang Zhiling
Published: June 2021

Image block matching is one of active research fields in image processing, which has been widely used in security monitoring and motion estimation. Due to great disparities in images of the same scene under various illumination, block matching has been a challenging task. To this end, we propose a hierarchical block matching method which is adaptive to the computational complexity and suited to complicated illumination environments. The approach is divided into two parts. First, in order to reduce searching time, the whole algorithm is established in the framework of pyramid structures. Second, the correlation coefficient and structural functions are adopted to evaluate the similarity between two images so as to get better matching results. Simulation results show that, compared with the classical three-step, four-step searching algorithms and OHBM algorithm, this algorithm can reduce the time complexity efficiently. Moreover, since the algorithm makes use of the structure details of images, it is robust to complicated scenes.
Restoration method of ancient mural image defect information based on neighborhood filtering
Authors: Li Hao
Published: June 2021

The local data of ancient murals is seriously damaged, and image noise exists in the process of restoration, which affects the quality of restoration of ancient murals. Therefore, this paper studies the restoration method of ancient mural image defect information based on neighborhood filtering. On the premise of obtaining the causes of ancient mural defects, this method enhances image data based on spatial domain enhancement method, extracts pixel similar information based on neighborhood filtering, searches in the whole image, and removes image noise used to repair local areas; By extracting the line drawing features of mural, the defect part of ancient mural image can be repaired. The experimental results show that the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the repaired image is the highest and the quality of the image is better under the application of the repair method.
Edge color difference detection of color image based on artificial intelligence technology
Authors: Li Hao
Published: June 2021

In order to solve the problems of the traditional methods in detecting color image edge chromatic aberration, such as the poor accuracy of detection and the poor detection effect, a color image edge chromatic aberration detection method based on artificial intelligence technology is proposed. The approximate principal component analysis method is used to segment the color image and smooth the image denoising; The linear gray-scale transformation is applied to the color image to enlarge the smaller gray-scale space to the larger gray-scale space according to the linear relationship and obtain the edge information of the color image; The artificial intelligence technology is used to locate the edge sub-pixel of the image to complete the edge color difference detection of the color image. The experimental results show that the detection accuracy of the proposed method is about 98%, and the detection effect is good, which is feasible.
Near-optimal energy-aware approach through INSTANT-OFF and NEVER-OFF clustering by fuzzy logic for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Hussain Abid , Munawar Saima , Naveed Nasir
Published: June 2021

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of various low-cost devices with limited battery power for surveillance of certain vicinity. The main concern was to prolong the network lifetime to save energy. The heterogeneous nodes are deployed in the given setting divided into two INSTANT-OFF and NEVER-OFF states. Then each one is further subdivided by a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS). The INSTANT-OFF (Good, Better, and Best) has three states active, idle, sleep, and always worked as Cluster Members (CMs) to sense the physical environment. The NEVER-OFF (Good, Better, and Best) has active and idle states. The first two most optimum NEVER-OFF selected as Cluster Head (CH) and Data Collector (DC), and the remaining belonged to CMs. The cluster boundary was defined by parameter Distance from Base Station (DisBS) to meet the unequal clustering approach. The energy consumes during sensing, processing, and transmission phases by its appropriate nodes. The CMs worked reactively and saved energy by idle and sleep states, while the CH and DC worked in a proactive mode and saved energy in an idle state. The sensing job was done by CMs that consumed a minor amount of energy and transmitted packets of 200 bits length to DC. The DC received packets of 200 bits length from CMs and aggregated them into 6400 bits length packets, then delivered them to CH. The reactive and proactive mechanisms saved the energy as 85.1033% in 2000 rounds; increased lifetime up to 774 rounds, re-clustering setup took place after 1912 rounds, and enhanced the throughput as 100% and latency time 0.001123 by experiment evaluation. The result shows that most energy consumption job were communicated with BS performed by CH hop by hop through other CH. The unequal clustering approach maintained the consumption of energy levels throughout WSNs processing.