bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manajemen Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Santri
Authors: Nurmela Siti , Rifa'i A. Bachrun , Herman Herman
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan manajemen pondok pesantren salafiyah dalam perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengawasan dan pengarahan dalam meningkatkan kualitas santri, baik kualitas tafaqquh fii ad-din Santri, kualitas akhlak Santri, dan kualitas life skill Santri. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Proses perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan, dan pengawasan di Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Al-Muawanah berjalan dengan baik meski masih terdapat kekurangan. Dalam peningkatan kualitas santri aspek yang paling diutamakan adalah peningkatan akhlak, yang merupakan hal terpenting yang harus ditanamkan pada santri di zaman degradasi moral. Peningkatan kualitas tafaqquh fi ad-din dan life skill juga tidak kalah diperhatikan. Pada akhirnya, pondok pesantren salafiyah tidak lagi kaku dalam managerial, dan tidak lagi dianggap tertinggal dengan kemajuan zaman. Bahkan pondok pesantren salafiyah memiliki nilai lebih dalam meningkatkan kualitas akhlak, moral, dan karakter santri, yang saat ini sangat dibutuhkan dalam menghadapi tantangan zaman.

This study aims to describe the management of the salafiyah islamic boarding school in describing the planning, organization, supervision and direction in improving the quality of santri, both the quality of Tafaqquh fii ad-din Santri, Santri moral quality, and Santri skill life quality. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The process of planning, organizing, directing, and supervising at the Salafiyah Al-Muawanah Islamic Boarding School went well even though there were still shortcomings. In improving the quality of santri the most preferred aspect is the improvement of morals, which is the most important thing that must be instilled in santri in the era of moral degradation. Improvement of the quality of tafaqquh fi ad-din and life skills is also noteworthy. In the end, salafiyah Islamic boarding schools are no longer rigid in managerial, and are no longer considered left behind by the progress of the times. Even salafiyah Islamic boarding schools have more value in improving the quality of character, morals, and character of santri, which is currently very much needed in facing the challenges of the times.
Pola Pengawasan Kepala Seksi Penyelenggaraan Haji dan Umrah dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Pegawai
Authors: Ramadhini Syalsabila , RS Syamsudin , Setiawan Asep Iwan
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh kepala seksi Penyelenggaraan Haji dan Umrah Kementerian Agama Kota Sukabumi terhadap pegawai dalam pelaksanaan program kerja dan bagaimana tindakan yang dilakukan oleh kepala seksi dalam meningkatkan kinerja pegawainya. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Adapun analisis data dilakukan melalui penafsiran logika yang dihubungkan dengan konteks Manajemen Dakwah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, standar pengawasan yang ditetapkan di Seksi Penyelenggaraan Haji dan Umrah; Kedua, tindakan evaluasi yang dilakukan oleh Kepala Seksi Penyelenggaraan Haji dan Umrah dalam meningkatkan kinerja pegawai; Ketiga, tindakan perbaikan (corrective) yang dilakukan oleh Kepala Seksi Penyelenggaraan Haji dan Umrah dalam meningkatkan kinerja pegawai. Secara umum penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pola pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh Kepala Seksi Penyelenggaraan Haji dan Umrah ini sudah tepat, dengan adanya proses evaluasi dan tindakan perbaikan sehingga program kerja yang telah ditetapkan dapat berjalan dengan efektif dan lancar.

  

This research aims to find out how the supervision process conducted by the head section of Hajj and Umrah Implementation of the Ministry of Religious Affairs Sukabumi to employees in the implementation of work programs and how the actions performed by the head section in improving employee performance. This research method using descriptive method Data collection techniques in this study is through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The data analysis is done through the interpretation of logic that is connected with the context of Da'wah Management. The results showed that: First, the supervisory standards set out in the Hajj and Umrah Section Implementation Section; Second, evaluation actions undertaken by Section Head of Hajj and Umrah Implementation in improving the performance of employees; Third, corrective action conducted by the Head of Section of Hajj and Umrah Implementation in improving the performance of employees. In general, this research can be concluded that the supervision pattern conducted by the Head of Section of Hajj and Umrah Implementation is correct, with the evaluation process and corrective action so that the work program that has been set can run effectively and smoothly.
Strategi Pondok Pesantren dalam Pengembangan Dakwah
Authors: Gozali Muhammad , Amin Dang Eif Saiful , Herman Herman
Published: September 2020

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, pengevaluasian yang dilakukan majlis ta’lim as-sanusiyyah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa majlis ta’lim as-sanusiyyah dalam menerapkan  pola manajemen sudah cukup berhasil melalui Perencanaan yang diterapkan. Dalam merealisasikan perncanaan program kegiatan majlis ta’lim melakukan beberapa tahapan; dimulai dari perumusan tujuan, manajemen administrasi keuangan, sumber dana, sumber daya manusia, kerjasama dengan lembaga lain, sarana prasarana pengidentifikasian program, kebijakan pengambilan keputusan, dan penentuan program mulai dari program mingguan, bulanan, dan tahunan. Pengorganisasian; yang dilakukan oleh majlis ta’lim as-sanusiyyah meliputi pembagian kerja pengurus adapun pembagian kerja di majlis ta’lim as-sanusiyyah untuk pembina, pengawas, sekretaris, dan bendahara masa jabatannya tidak ditentukan oleh waktu atau kondisional berdasarkan kesepakatan bersama. Pelaksanaan aktivitas keagamaan; majlis ta’lim as-sanusiyyah mempunyai beberapa tahapan yaitu pemberian motivasi, bimbingan, pelatihan, penyelenggaraan komunikasi, dan menjalin hubungan. Pengevaluasian; yang dilaksanakan oleh Majlis ta’lim as-sanusiyyah terbagi menjadi dua yaitu pengawasan langsung dan pengawasan tidak langsung.

 

The purpose of this study was to find out how to plan, organize, implement, evaluate the majlis as-sanusiyyah majlis. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The data collection techniques used are observation, interview, documentation. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the majlis ta'lim as-sanusiyyah in implementing the management pattern was quite successful through the applied planning. In realizing the planning program, the majlis ta'lim activities carried out several stages; starting from the formulation of objectives, financial administration management, funding sources, human resources, cooperation with other institutions, infrastructure facilities for identifying programs, decision-making policies, and determination of programs starting from weekly, monthly and annual programs. Organizing; what is carried out by the as-sanusiyyah majlis ta'lim includes the division of work of the board of directors as well as the division of labor in the as-sanusiyyah study council for supervisors, supervisors, secretaries, and treasurers whose term is not determined by time or conditionally based on mutual agreement. Implementation of religious activities; majlis ta'lim as-sanusiyyah has several stages, namely giving motivation, guidance, training, organizing communication, and establishing relationships. Evaluation; implemented by the Majlis ta'lim as-sanusiyyah is divided into two, namely direct supervision and indirect supervision.
Model Kaderisasi Anggota Partai Politik Islam dalam Membentuk Pemimpin Islami
Authors: AlFaruqy Muhammad Saiful Haq , Sarbini Ahmad , Setiawan Asep Iwan
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengentahui tugas pokok Bidang Kaderisasi DPW PKS Jawa Barat, untuk mengetahui proses tahapan dan sistem model kaderisasi PKS yang marhalah (berjenjang), untuk mengetahui dan mendapatkan data dalam memebentuk kader pemimpin Islami Bidang Kaderisasi DPW PKS Jawa Barat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah deskrptif kualitatif dengan tekinik pengeumpulan data berupa wawancara terstrurktur, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi.. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa model kaderisi dalam menciptakan pemimpin Islami melalui tahapan-tahapan pembinaan kader yang marhalah (berjenjang). Yaitu, Pertama, ta’lim proses pembelajaran yang mana bertujuan para kader diberikan kurikulum kaderisiasi partai. Kedua, Tandzhim yang mana setelah pembelajaran diharapkan para kader dapat mengasah dan mengimplementasikan hasil kurikulum kaderisasi. Ketiga, taqwin para kader harus dapat menginternalisasi ajaran Islam dalam partai maupun kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara.

This research was conducted to identify the main tasks of the West Java PKS DPW Cadre Field Division, to find out the stages and stages of the PKS cadre model model that is marhalah (tiered), to find out and obtain data in forming the Islamic leaders cadre of the West Java PKW DPW Cadre. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive with data collection techniques in the form of structured interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The results of this study indicate that the cadre model in creating Islamic leaders through the stages of training cadres who are marhalah (tiered). That is, First, ta'lim the learning process in which the cadres aim to be given a party cadre curriculum. Second, Tandzhim which after learning is expected that the cadres can hone and implement the results of the regeneration curriculum. Third, taqwin of cadres must be able to internalize the teachings of Islam in the party and the life of the nation and state.
Strategi Pengembangan Pondok Pesantren Al-Mu’awanah dalam Meningkatkan Kreativitas Santri
Authors: Nurholisoh Nurholisoh
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of cottage management in increasing the creativity of santri, to find out the motivations and programs available at the boarding of Al-Mu'awanah Islamic boarding school in increasing the creativity of santri. The method used in this study is descriptive method, because the purpose of this study is to describe and provide an explanation of the development strategy in Al-Mu'awanah in increasing students' creativity. The steps taken in the research are determining the location of research, research methods, data types, data sources, data collection techniques, and finally analyzing. The results of this study indicate that the manager of Al-Mu'awanah boarding school is able to increase the creativity of his santri. Motivation given by giving rewards, punishing the violating santri, provide facilities and holding various activities programs to increase the creativity of santri boarded by Al-Mu’awanah Islamic boarding school.
Penerapan Manajemen DKM Darussalam dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Keagamaan Masyarakat Perumahan Pesona Rancaekek Indah
Authors: Diarsyah Aditya Bagus , Setiawan Asep Iwan , Sanusi Irfan
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran program kerja yang di terapkan Dewan Kemakmuran Masjid Darussalam dalam upaya meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat tentang Agama Islam, pengorganisasian dalam mewujudkan program kerja, pelaksanaan program kerja dalam meningkatkan pemahaman keagamaan, pengawasan terhadap program kerja. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, jenis data yang di gunakan adalah kulitatif, sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan juga sekunder adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, DKM Darussalam memiliki program kerja, ini merupakan tahapan pertama untuk mewujudkan tujuan yang terdapat dalam visi dan misi. Kedua, manajemen yang diterapkan sudah cukup baik dari segi perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan dan pengawasannya. Ketiga, disetiap pelaksanaanya selalu melakukan bimbingan, mengarahkan, dan memotivasi kepada masyarakat agar upaya yang dilakukan pengurus berjalan sesuai harapan yang diinginkan. Keempat, melakukan evaluasi setiap kali ada kegiatan dengan cara terjun langsung pada kegiatan yang sedang dilakukan.

This study aims to describe the work program implemented by the Darussalam Darussalam Prosperity Council in an effort to improve public understanding of Islam, organizing in realizing work programs, implementing work programs in improving religious understanding, monitoring work programs. This research method uses descriptive method, the type of data used is negative, the data sources used are primary and also secondary data while the data collection techniques used in the study are observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study show that: First, DKM Darussalam has a work program, this is the first stage to realize the goals contained in the vision and mission. Second, the management applied is good enough in terms of planning, organizing, implementing and monitoring. Third, every implementer always guides, directs, and motivates the community so that the efforts taken by the management go according to the desired expectations. Fourth, conduct an evaluation every time there is an activity by going directly to the activities being carried out.
Peran Pengawasan Ketua DKM dalam Meningkatkan Kemakmuran Masjid Kubah Emas
Authors: Ferdiansyah Andhyka , Sanusi Irfan , Herman Herman
Published: September 2020

ABSTRAK

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui standar pengawasan yang diterapkan oleh ketua DKM Masjid Dian Al- Mahri, untuk mengetahui evaluasi yang dilaksanakan oleh ketua DKM dalam memakmurkan masjid, Agar mengetahui perbaikan (corrective) yang dilaksanakan oleh ketua DKM Masjid Dian Al- Mahri. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Adapun metode yang digunakan penulis yaitu observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi, dari data yang telah diperoleh kemudian disusun dan dianalisis untuk mengungkapkan data tersebut. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di Masjid Kubah Emas mengenai peran pengawasan Ketua DKM dalam meningkatkan kemakmuran masjid dapat disimpulkan bahwa: Pertama, standar yang digunakan oleh Ketua DKM yaitu masjid yang selalu makmur dan menjadikan masjid sebagai syiar agama Islam. Kedua, evaluasi yang dilakukan oleh Ketua DKM adalah mengadakan rapat dengan pengurus dan semua staff yang ada di Masjid Kubah Emas. Ketiga, perbaikan yang dilakukan oleh Ketua DKM yaitu memberikan motivasi, saran dan keputusan dari hasil rapat yang sudah di diskusikan oleh pengurus dan stafnya tentang perbaikan tehadap penyimpangan sebelumnya.

Kata Kunci: Pengawasan; Kemakmuran; Masjid.

ABSTRAK

The purpose of this research is to find out the supervision standards applied by the Head of DKM Mosque Dian Al-Mahri, to find out the evaluation carried out by the head of DKM in prospering the mosque, In order to know the improvements carried out by the head of DKM Mosque Dian Al-Mahri. The method used in this research is descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The method used by the writer is observation, interview and documentation study, from the data that has been obtained then compiled and analyzed to reveal the data. Based on the results of research conducted at the Golden Dome Mosque regarding the supervisory role of the DKM Chair in increasing the prosperity of the mosque, it can be concluded that: First, the standard used by the Chair of the DKM is the mosque which is always prosperous and makes the mosque the symbol of Islam. Secondly, the evaluation conducted by the Chair of DKM is to hold a meeting with the management and all staff in the Golden Dome Mosque. Third, the improvements made by the Chair of the DKM are to provide motivation, suggestions and decisions from the results of the meeting that have been discussed by the management and staff regarding improvements to previous deviations.

Keywords: Control; Prosperity; Mosque.
DUGAAN MUSIM PEMIJAHAN IKAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis) DI PERAIRAN SAMUDRA HINDIA SELATAN JAWA DAN NUSA TENGGARA
Authors: Restiangsih Yoke Hany , Panggabean Anthony Sisco , Nurdin Erfind
Published: September 2020

Sumberdaya ikan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) merupakan ikan ekonomis penting dan utama di Indonesia. Tingginya tingkat pemanfaatan ikan cakalang di Samudra Hindia menjadi hal yang sangat rawan dan perlu kehati-hatian dalam pengelolaannya. Tersedianya data dan informasi tentang musim pemijahan merupakan bagian dari pengetahuan yang diperlukan untuk mengetahui status sumberdaya bagi upaya pengelolaannya. Penelitian ikan cakalang dilakukan berdasarkan pengambilan contoh biologi dibeberapa tempat pendaratan ikan (Palabuhan Ratu, Prigi dan Labuhan Lombok). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Nopember 2016. Pendugaan musim pemijahan menggunakan pendekatan indeks kematangan gonad (IKG) bulanan. Distribusi ukuran ikan yang tertangkap dengan menggunakan pancing tonda berkisar antara 24 – 66 cm. Ukuran rata-rata pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) pada panjang 41,6 cm, ukuran pertama kali matang gonad (Lm) 42,5 cm. Berdasarkan fluktuasi IKG musim pemijahan ikan diduga berlangsung pada bulan April dan Nopember.Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) are most important and economically fish in Indonesia. The highest exploitation skipjack in the Indian Ocean is very vulnerable are requires caution in its management. The availability of data and information about the spawning season is a part of the knowledge needed to determine the status of resources for management efforts. This research was carried out based on biological sampling at several fish landing sites (Palabuhanratu, Prigi, and Labuhan Lombok). This research was conducted from January until to November 2016. Estimating of the spawning season was used a monthly Gonado Somatic Index (GSI) approach. The range of size distribution from of fish caught using troll line were 24 until 66 cm. The average size of first caught (L50%) at a length was 41.6 cm, the size of the length of first maturity (Lm) was 42,5 cm. Based on the GSI fluctuation, spawning season was done in April and November.
The Current Status of Safety Education Implementation for students with Special Needs in the Secondary School and Special Education Teachers’ Awareness
Authors: Hwang Soon Young , Lee Yeon Hee ,   The Korean Society of Special Education, Kim Mi Young
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current status of safety education implementation for students with disabilities in the secondary school and special teachers’ awareness of safety education. 121 special teachers in middle and high schools in Busan and South Gyeongsang Province were surveyed to ask the current status of special classes’ safety education implementation and the awareness of special teachers. The collected data were analyzed through frequency analysis and chi-square analysis. The results of the study showed that the establishment plan of safety education was well adhered to in the implementation of safety education for students with disabilities in the secondary schools, but teachers were having difficulties due to lack of safety education materials. In the special education teachers’ awareness on the safety education implementation, they said safety education is necessary and preventive education is important based on the case. In addition, the main cause of the accident was a lack of awareness or carelessness, and safety education according to the characteristics of each type of disability was needed. It was suggested that various support is needed to keep the safety education of students with special classes with disabilities.
FACTORES ASOCIADOS A MORTALIDAD EN PACIENTES HOSPITALIZADOS CON COVID-19: COHORTE PROSPECTIVA EN EL HOSPITAL NACIONAL EDGARDO REBAGLIATI MARTINS. LIMA, PERÚ
Authors: VENCES MIGUEL ANGEL , Pareja Ramos Juan José , Otero Paula , Veramendi-Espinoza Liz E. , Vega-Villafana Melissa , Mogollón-Lavi Julissa , Morales Eduardo , Olivera-Vera Josseline , Meza Carol , Salas Lucia , Triveño Andy , Marin Renzo , Carpio-Rodriguez Ricardo , Zafra Tanaka Jessica Hanae
Published: September 2020

Objetivos. Determinar los factores asociados a mortalidad de los pacientes adultos hospitalizados con COVID-19 en un hospital de referencia de la seguridad social.
Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo. Se incluyó a pacientes mayores de 18 años hospitalizados con el diagnostico de infección por SARS-CoV-2 y se excluyó a quienes ingresaron asintomáticos respiratorios, con prueba rápida serológica positiva al ingreso y sin imágenes compatibles. Los datos se recolectaron a partir de la historia clínica.
Resultados. Se incluyó un total de 813 adultos, 544 (66.9%) tuvieron COVID-19 confirmado. La media de la edad fue de 61.2 años (DE: 15.0) y 575 (70.5%) fueron de sexo masculino. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron hipertensión arterial (34.1%) y obesidad (25.9%). Los síntomas más frecuentes al ingreso fueron disnea (82.2%) y tos (53.9%). Un total de 114 (14.0%) pacientes recibieron ventilación mecánica, 38 (4.7%) ingresaron a UCI y 377 (46.4%) fallecieron. El requerimiento de soporte ventilatorio, el mayor compromiso pulmonar, las comorbilidades y los marcadores inflamatorios se asociaron a la mortalidad. Se halló que por cada 10 años que aumenta la edad, el riesgo de morir se incrementa en 32% (RR: 1.32 IC95%: 1.25 a 1.38). Aquellos que requirieron ingreso a UCI y ventilación mecánica tuvieron 1.39 (IC95%: 1.13 a 1.69) y 1.97 (IC95%: 1.69 a 2.29) veces el riesgo de morir, respectivamente.
Conclusión. La mortalidad encontrada en nuestro estudio fue alta y estuvo asociada a la edad,  marcadores inflamatorios y compromiso respiratorio.
Challenges of Human‐Aware AI Systems
Authors: Kambhampati Subbarao
Published: September 2020

From its inception, artificial intelligence (AI) has had a rather ambivalent relationship to humans — swinging between their augmentation and their replacement. Now, as AI technologies enter our everyday lives at an ever‐increasing pace, there is a greater need for AI systems to work synergistically with humans. To do this effectively, AI systems must pay more attention to aspects of intelligence that help humans work with each other — including social intelligence. I will discuss the research challenges in designing such human‐aware AI systems, including modeling the mental states of humans‐in‐the‐loop and recognizing their desires and intentions, providing proactive support, exhibiting explicable behavior, giving cogent explanations on demand, and engendering trust. I will survey the progress made so far on these challenges, and highlight some promising directions. I will also touch on the additional ethical quandaries that such systems pose. I will end by arguing that the quest for human‐aware AI systems broadens the scope of AI enterprise; necessitates and facilitates true interdisciplinary collaborations; and can go a long way toward increasing public acceptance of AI technologies.
Contiguous Cake Cutting: Hardness Results and Approximation Algorithms
Authors: Goldberg Paul , Hollender Alexandros , Suksompong Warut
Published: September 2020

We study the fair allocation of a cake, which serves as a metaphor for a divisible resource, under the requirement that each agent should receive a contiguous piece of the cake. While it is known that no finite envy-free algorithm exists in this setting, we exhibit efficient algorithms that produce allocations with low envy among the agents. We then establish NP-hardness results for various decision problems on the existence of envy-free allocations, such as when we fix the ordering of the agents or constrain the positions of certain cuts. In addition, we consider a discretized setting where indivisible items lie on a line and show a number of hardness results extending and strengthening those from prior work. Finally, we investigate connections between approximate and exact envy-freeness, as well as between continuous and discrete cake cutting.
Nuclear radiation shielding competences of barium-reinforced borosilicate glasses
Authors: Tekin Huseyin Ozan , Issa Shamselden Abdelrasoul Mohamad , Mahmoud Karem Abdel-Azeem , El-Agawany Fouad Ismail , Rammah Yasser Saad , Susoy Gulfem , Al-Buriahi Mohammed Sultan , Abuzaid Mohamed Mahmoud , Akkurt Iskender
Published: September 2020

The gamma photon and neutron shielding effectiveness of borosilicate glasses with alumina in the chemical structure 40SiO2.10B2O3.xBaO.(45 − x)CaO.5Al2O3.yZnO.zMgO glasses (20 ≤ x ≤ 40 mol% and y = z = 6 wt%) was evaluated. The investigated glasses were coded as BCBSA-20B (barium oxide (BaO) = 20 mol%) to BCBSA-40B (barium oxide = 40 mol%). The results showed that the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) increased when barium oxide increased in the samples, and the samples were arranged in order as BCBSA-20B < BCBSA-25B < BCBSA-30B < BCBSA-35B < BCBSA-40B. In terms of MAC values, the BCBSA-40B sample has the lowest values of half-value layer and mean free path but has the highest values of effective atomic number (Z eff). Moreover, the neutron shielding competences of glasses have been determined by way of calculating the removal cross-section for the fast neutrons, Σ R (cm−1), which was the highest for the BCBSA-40B glass (Σ R = 0.0994 cm−1) among the studied samples. In addition, mass stopping power (Ψ) and the projected range (Φ) for proton and alpha particles were also calculated. It was found that the BCBSA-40B sample has the lowest Ψ and Φ among the studied glasses. It can be concluded that the replacement of the calcium oxide (CaO) content with the barium oxide contents enhances the shielding capacity against the charged particles, electromagnetic radiation and the fast neutrons. The finding of recent investigations can be useful for advanced nuclear engineering and protection studies.
Retrospective: The Agency MBS Market on October 15, 2014
Authors: Harkrader James Collin , Puglia Michael
Published: September 2020

Five years have passed since the Joint Staff Report (JSR) on the US Treasury Market on October 15, 2014 was published. In addition to analyzing the events in Treasury markets on that day, the JSR also outlined next steps for the official sector to take in its study of the evolving structure of the US Treasury market. Importantly, it advised "further study of the evolution of the US Treasury market and its implications for market structure and liquidity." In this spirit, and to complement other work published on the topic, in this note we take a look back at events in the agency MBS market on October 15, 2014 in order to build a more complete picture of what transpired in fixed income markets on that day.
Mission, vision, and principles of the protocols.io company v1
Authors: Teytelman Lenny
Published: September 2020

This is an internal document outlining our company culture and expectations for everyone who joins the team.
Huntington’s disease
Authors: Klyushnikov Sergey A.
Published: September 2020

Huntingtons disease is one of the most common hereditary neurodegenerative diseases, which remains practically incurable, inevitably leading to the disability of patients and premature death. A fairly wide prevalence in the world, the special severity of the course, the almost complete penetrance of the mutant gene, the peculiarity of clinical and genetic correlations in Huntingtons disease have attracted researchers specializing in neuroscience for many years. The study of the molecular neurobiology of Huntingtons disease over the past decades has largely contributed to significant progress in molecular biology, genetics, and many other biomedical disciplines. At the same time, Huntingtons disease has become a model disease in resolving issues of genetic counseling and prognostic testing in modern medical genetics. The review provides brief facts on the history of the study of the disease, including mapping and identification of the mutant gene. The issues of etiology and pathogenesis, molecular genetics of the disease, epidemiology, diagnostics, and differential diagnostics are discussed in detail. The spectrum of clinical manifestations of Huntingtons disease, its various forms, and course features are presented. From a modern perspective, the problem of developing valid biomarkers of both the manifest and the asymptomatic stages of the disease, as well as the course of the pathological process, are highlighted. The main issues of primary and secondary prevention of Huntingtons disease, bioethical principles of conducting genetic counseling for families burdened by this disease are outlined. The approaches to the symptomatic treatment of Huntingtons disease are described, a review of the main promising experimental therapeutic methods that can potentially slow down or stop the progression of the disease, as well as prevent its manifestation in asymptomatic carriers of the mutant gene, are presented. An important contribution of patient organizations to addressing issues affecting the interests of burdened families, scientific and clinical research on the disease was noted. Literature was searched and analyzed using the databases of Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed (MedLine), eLibrary.
Merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy: pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Monakhova Anastasiya V. , Vlodavets Dmitry V. , Zavadenko Nikolay N. , Belousova Elena D. , Kazakov Dmitry O. , Baranich Tatiana I. , Sukhorukov Vladimir S. , Kupriyanova Anna G.
Published: September 2020

Merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy is the most common form of congenital muscular dystrophies (СMD), characterized by genetic heterogeneity and a severe course in most cases. CMD pathogenesis is associated with a partial or complete absence of laminin 2 chains in the basal membrane of muscle fiber caused by a mutation in theLAMA2gene. The clinical manifestations of LAMA2-associated muscular dystrophy vary from severe СMD (СMD 1A) with an early onset to a relatively mild course with a late onset and phenotype of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. CMD type 1A is characterized by a delay in motor development from the first months of the life (while the vast majority of children do not master the ability to walk independently), facial muscles weakness, ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, spine rigidity, early occurrence of contractures in the shoulder, elbow, hip and knee joints, restrictive respiratory disorders, nutritional problems, such as disorders of swallowing and chewing, gastroesophageal reflux, low body weight; some children suffer from mental retardation and epilepsy.
Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair: three clinical cases
Authors: Zhurkova Natalia V. , Kazakova Klavdiya A. , Varichkina Mariya V. , Kulebina Elena A. , Surkov Andrey N. , Kondakova Olga B. , Uvakina Evgeniya V. , Pushkov Aleksandr A. , Savostyanov Kirill V.
Published: September 2020

Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair is a rare inherited disease caused by heterozygous mutation in theSHOC2gene. The disease was first described in 1991. The main clinical manifestations of the disease are phenotype features similar to those observed in Noonan syndrome: orbital hypertelorism, eyelid ptosis, low-set, and posteriorly rotated auricles, as well as skin and hair lesions, development delay, loose anagen hair, cardiovascular disorders, and mental retardation. It has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. We have described three clinical cases of this disease for the first time in Russia. All children in this group had a Noonan-like phenotype, macrocephaly, wide, short neck, hair and skin lesions, congenital heart disease, development delay of different severity, and hypotonia. One child had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, nonobstructive form, aneurysmal dilatation of interatrial septum, minor dilation of the pulmonary artery and atria, apical aneurysm other cases showed a congenital defect of the urinary system. These patients have thin, sparse, slowly growing hair, dark skin. One girl was diagnosed with multiple capillary haemangiomas on her head and trunk. Pathogenic nucleotide variant c.4AG, p.S2G in heterozygous state of the SHOC2 gene was revealed in all our patients. The same was described previously in patients with this syndrome. Differential diagnosis at suspicion on Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair should be carried out with Noonan syndrome, Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC), Costello syndrome.
Disfajinin eşlik ettiği epilepsi: Olgu sunumu
Authors: SELEK Ayberk , ARSLAN Melike , BALAM Necati
Published: September 2020

Disfaji, yutma güçlüğü olup organik ve psikiyatrik pek çok durumla ilişkili bir semptomdur; besin alımını etkileyerek hem büyümeyi hem de gelişmeyi etkiler. Epilepsili hastalarda psikiyatrik bozuklukların görülme sıklığının arttığı, bazı hastaların epilepsi tanısından önce psikiyatrik bozukluklarla hastaneye getirildikleri/başvurdukları iyi bilinmektedir. Bu nöropsikiyatrik bozukluklarda, en önemli semptomlardan biri disfaji olup özellikle frontal lob epilepsilerinde hastalığın ilk bulgusu olabilmektedir. Bu makalede disfaji ve kilo kaybı ile getirilip izlemde epilepsi tanısı alan 11 yaşında bir erkek hasta sunulmuş ve literatür eşliğinde tartışılmıştır.
Issues of Supplemental Support in Pediatric Ophthalmology
Authors: Gndoyan I. A.
Published: September 2020

The ophthalmologist often raises the issues about using of various vitamins, trace elements and other nutrients for the prevention and treatment of the different ocular diseases at their practice. The significance of this problem is caused by the importance of the vision for the socialization of modern person, as well as the high intensity of the visual analyzer using both in the process of performing professional occupation and in the usual indoor/outdoor activities. The issues of the supplemental support in pediatric ophthalmology are especially important, as today formation of the visual organ in children develops under increased visual stress. For the total population, including children, of the industrialized countries the most typical form of vitamin deficiency is subnormal vitamin supply, which occurs among almost healthy children of different ages. The supplemental support issues should be considered in relation to certain types of ocular pathology in children. The most common problem today among children is myopia with projected high increase of this refraction anomaly magnitude in the future. The oxidative stress is the main pathogenesis factor of many degenerative diseases development, including myopia. It is considered as the oxidative stress is realized due to both endogenous processes and various external factors impact, including ultraviolet radiation. Not only vitamins with antioxidant properties (A, C, E), but the trace elements (zinc and copper), bioflavonoids (anthocyanoides) and xanthophilic pigments (lutein, zeaxanthin) are necessary to stabilize myopia and to prevent the development of degenerative diseases in adulthood. These substances are involved in the most important physiological and biosynthetic processes in the sclera, retina and other eye structures and render an influence on its microvessels and hemodynamics in general. All these substances are not synthesized in the human body, and in order to maintain metabolism and homeostasis the sufficient alimentary intake should be provided beginning with early age. The complex drugs, which include multipotential and synergistic active substances, are of particular interest.
Sirtuins and Their Role in the Aging Eye (Review)
Authors: Moshetova L. K. , Abramova O. I. , Turkina K. I. , Nurbekov M. K. , Dmitrenko O. P. , Saburina I. N. , Kochergin S. A.
Published: September 2020

Visual impairment in elderly people is a serious problem that significantly affects the quality of life of millions people around the world. The magnitude of this problem is becoming increasingly apparent as the population ages and the number of older people increases. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the third leading cause of blindness worldwide and the main cause of vision loss in people over 60 years. It is expected that AMD will affect about 288 million people by 2040. AMD is a multifactorial disease with a progressive course. The arised dystrophic changes in the retina cannot be reversed by any of the known treatment methods. A lot of research and effort has already been invested in identifying various biomarkers for predicting the incidence rate, identifying people at risk, finding out the pathogenetic mechanisms of this disease, and finding effective methods of treatment and prevention.

Aging is the basis of pathological changes that occur during AMD. Aging biomarkers are measurable vital signs that qualitatively and quantitatively change with the age of the body. DNA methylation is a molecular mechanism that is a potential biomarker of aging. Sirtuins indirectly participate in this process, regulating the activity of the DNMT1 enzyme. The article discusses current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the action of sirtuins (Sirtuins / SIRT), with an emphasis on SIRT1. Analysis of the pathophysiological action of sirtuins can affect the prevention and treatment of pathological eye changes associated with AMD. The article provides literature sources containing the results of studies of the effect of SIRT1 as a marker of aging in body tissues. SIRT1 is an attractive candidate for developing therapeutic strategies preventing early eye aging, in particular, age-associated diseases such as AMD The impact on the genetic mechanisms of this disease is a promising direction in treatment.
Optical Reflex Treatment of Myopia and Asthenic Form of Accommodation Asthenopia Form the Standpoint of the Methods Used, Effectiveness and Staging
Authors: Ovechkin I. G. , Gadzhiev I. S. , Kozhukhov A. A. , Belikova E. I.
Published: September 2020

Optical-reflex treatment of patients with myopia and computer visual syndrome with a concomitant asthenic form of accommodation asthenopia seems relevant and not fully developed. The basic provisions that determine the tactics of treatment are monocular exposure in order to increase the absolute accommodation rate and staging (outpatient room, home conditions) of training. Measures aimed at improving the effectiveness of optical reflex treatment at home include the development of alternative instrumentation with reasonable (in accordance with the clinical and physiological characteristics of the functioning of the ciliary muscle of the eye) optical, amplitude and temporal parameters of the training process.
Perimetric Calculator
Authors: Fabrikantov O. L. , Sukhorukova A. V. , Shutova S. V.
Published: September 2020

The paper considers the problems of the early glaucoma diagnosis before the development of the marked glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Special attention is paid to the methods of computer perimetry, which are important in diagnosing the presence or progression of glaucoma.

Purpose. To create the computer program “perimetric calculator” that performs mutual recalculation of perimeter data of HFA and HEP without additional perimetric studies, as well as calculation of diagnostic information content of perimeter parameters with different “cut-off points” of HFA and HEP parameters.

Patients and methods. 56 patients (85 eyes), including 16 men and 40 women aged 55 to 84 years (mean age 64.9 ± 6.4 years). All patients were divided into 2 groups: group I — 23 healthy subjects (40 eyes) without any signs of glaucoma; group II — 33 patients (45 eyes) diagnosed with the initial stage of primary open-angle glaucoma.

Results and discussion. The study revealed the comparability of the standard automated perimetry (HFA) results and Heidelberg edge perimetry (HEP), determined the most informative diagnostic criterion (MD/HEP). According to the obtained results, a computer program was created, it included two modules: the first — diagnostic information content of perimeter parameters with different “cut-off points”, the second-mutual recalculation of HFA and HEP parameters.

Conclusions. This computer program allows calculating the main indices of diagnostic information content of the perimeter parameters (sensitivity and specificity) at different “cut-off points”, gives the results of calculating the values of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for at least 150 threshold values, allows performing mutual recalculation of the parameters of the standard automated perimeter (HFA) and Heidelberg perimeter (HEP).
New Opportunities for Complex Therapy in Patients with Dry Eye Syndrome of Various Etiologies
Authors: Brzheskiy V. V. , Golubev S. Yu. , Lebedev O. I. , Milyudin E. S. , Apostolova A. S. , Surov A. V. , Efimova E. L. , Varlashina E. V. , Gorbachevskaya I. N. , Kirichenko V. O.
Published: September 2020

The purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness of the Delfanto® in the complex therapy of patients with dry eye syndrome of various etiologies and severity of the clinical course.

Patients and methods. 114 patients (228 eyes) with dry eye syndrome of various etiologies were examined: 72 patients with chronic meibomian blepharitis and dysfunction of the meibomian glands (xerosis due to increased evaporation of the tear film), 33 women with perimenopause (a mixed form of xerosis with a predominant decrease in the production of components of the tear film) and 9 persons with Syegren syndrome (xerosis due to a pronounced decrease in tear production). All patients received individually selected tear replacement therapy over the past weeks and the drug was not replaced throughout the study. At the same time, patients with mild and moderate clinical course of SSG for 30 days received Delfanto® at a dosage of 60 mg, and with severe course — 120 mg per day.

Results. All patients on the background of complex therapy showed a significant decrease in the severity of subjective manifestations of the dry eye syndrome, an increase in the of the tear film stability and indicators of tear production. At the same time, the dynamics of changes in these parameters of the course of the xerotic process increased as the therapy continued, reaching a maximum by the 30th day. The maximum effect of Delfanto® in the complex therapy of patients with dry eye syndrome was observed in patients with chronic meibomian blepharitis. Moreover, patients with a mild clinical course of cornealconjunctival xerosis were the most susceptible to the therapy.

Conclusion. The effectiveness of the complex therapy for patients with dry eye syndrome can be significantly increased by prescribing Delfanto® in a daily dose of 60 mg for mild and moderate xerosis and 120 mg — for severe disease. Delfante® can be recommended for widespread clinical use in complex treatment of patients with various clinical and pathogenetic forms of dry eye syndrome.
The Prevalence of Malignant Tumors of the Eye and Adnexa (C69)
Authors: Merabishvili V. M. , Merabishvili E. N.
Published: September 2020

Malignant tumors of the eye and its adnexa (C69) relates to rare tumors. Until 2011, this group of tumors was not included to the official cancer report in Russia.

Purpose: to investigate the incidence of malignant tumors of eye and its adnexa (C69) in the population of St. Petersburg, to consider the dynamics of a complex of analytical indicators. Standard methods of statistical analysis, state reporting materials and data from the St. Petersburg Population Cancer Register were used. Malignant tumors of the eye and its adnexa (С69) were started to be officially registered only from 2011 onwards, however not in full as only Form 7 that allows to calculate morbidity was filled in. Other information could be obtained from the databases of the Population Cancer Registers (PRR), organized in the country in the late 90’s. Each year, more than 1,000 thousand (e.g.1977–2017 year) cases of malignant tumors of eye and its adnexa (С69) are detected in the whole country. In 2011, 925 cases were diagnosed. In Russia, the crude rate of malignant tumors of the eye and its adnexa (С69) has increased from 2011 to 2017 years from 0.65/100,000 in 2011 to 0.73/100,000 in 2017, respectively, +12.3 % (both sexes), standardized, eliminating the difference in the age composition of the population, remained almost unchanged –0.54 0/0000 and 0.53 0/0000. The standardized incidence rate in men of malignant tumors of eye and its adnexa (С69) in 2017 was 0.58 0/0000, women –0.49 0/0000. The state reporting for malignant tumors of eye and its adnexa (С69) does not provide for the distribution of these patients by age, stage and other parameters. State mortality statistics do not provide for the review of the C-69 heading ICD-10. All of this led us to conduct in-depth analysis of the dynamics of morbidity and mortality of eye cancer on the basis of the PRR database of SaintPetersburg. An insignificant increase in the incidence rate of the Russian population of the eye cancer, completely associated with the aging of the population, has been established. Positive increase in the observed and relative survival of patients has been also revealed.
THERMAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF GLAZED AND UNGLAZED RECEIVER OF SCHEFFLER DISH
Authors: MALWAD Dnyaneshwar , TUNGİKAR Vinod
Published: September 2020

The impact of reradiation and convection losses from the receiver is substantial on the performance of solar parabolic dish concentrator. In this paper, an experimental and theoretical study to compare the performance of the glazed and unglazed receiver of Scheffler dish for direct steam generation is presented. Tempered glass cover is provided on aperture to reduce the reradiation and convection losses from the receiver. Improvement in the efficiency of the Scheffler dish is found due to suppressed heat losses from the receiver front surface. Overall heat loss coefficient, useful energy transfer rate to water, steam flow rate, and efficiency of the system with and without glass cover on the receiver are evaluated and compared. The average solar beam intensity during experimentation was 569 W/m2 and 600 W/m2 with the glazed and unglazed receiver respectively. The average temperature at the receiver with glazing is recorded as 425oC, even at low solar beam intensity in comparison with the unglazed receiver. Overall heat loss coefficient at the front surface of the receiver is reduced to 6.04 W/m2K. It has been observed that the Scheffler dish with a glazed receiver achieves thermal performance above 50.00% within the solar beam intensity range of 600-650 W/m2. The enhancement of 8.74% in the average thermal efficiency, with glass cover on the receiver is achieved.