L᾽idée impériale dans les pays Roumains et le «crypto-empire chrétien» sous la domination ottomane. État et importance du problème
Authors: NASTASE D. 
Published: November 2014

&nbsp; <p>&Delta;. &Nu;&alpha;&sigma;&tau;ά&sigma;&epsilon;</p><p>&nbsp;Ἡ &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&rho;&iota;&kappa;ὴ ἰ&delta;έ&alpha; &sigma;&tau;ὶ&sigmaf; &rho;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;&alpha;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ὲ&sigmaf; &chi;ῶ&rho;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &laquo;ἡ &Chi;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&tau;&iota;&alpha;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ὴ &kappa;&rho;&upsilon;&pi;&tau;&omicron;-&alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&rho;ί&alpha;&raquo; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;ὰ &tau;ὴ&nu; &Tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&rho;&kappa;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;&alpha;&tau;ί&alpha;</p><p>&Tau;ὸ &pi;&rho;ῶ&tau;&omicron; &mu;έ&rho;&omicron;&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; ἐ&rho;&gamma;&alpha;&sigma;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; &pi;&alpha;&rho;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigma;&iota;ά&zeta;&epsilon;&iota; &tau;ὸ ἱ&sigma;&tau;&omicron;&rho;&iota;&kappa;ὸ &tau;&omicron;ῦ &pi;&rho;&omicron;&beta;&lambda;ή&mu;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &beta;&upsilon;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;ῆ&sigmaf; &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&rho;&iota;&kappa;ῆ&sigmaf; &kappa;&lambda;&eta;&rho;&omicron;&nu;&omicron;&mu;&iota;ᾶ&sigmaf; &sigma;&tau;ὶ&sigmaf; &rho;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;&alpha;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ὲ&sigmaf; ἡ&gamma;&epsilon;&mu;&omicron;&nu;ί&epsilon;&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &Beta;&lambda;&alpha;&chi;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &Mu;&omicron;&lambda;&delta;&alpha;&beta;ί&alpha;&sigmaf;. &Tau;&omicron;&nu;ί&zeta;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&iota; ἰ&delta;&iota;&alpha;&iota;&tau;έ&rho;&omega;&sigmaf; ἡ &sigma;&upsilon;&mu;&beta;&omicron;&lambda;ὴ &tau;&omicron;ῦ Nicolae Iorga, ὁ ὁ&pi;&omicron;ῖ&omicron;&sigmaf; ἔ&theta;&epsilon;&sigma;&epsilon; &sigma;ὲ ἐ&pi;&iota;&sigma;&tau;&eta;&mu;&omicron;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ὲ&sigmaf; &beta;ά&sigma;&epsilon;&iota;&sigmaf; &alpha;ὐ&tau;ὸ &tau;ὸ &pi;&rho;ό&beta;&lambda;&eta;&mu;&alpha; &sigma;&tau;ὰ &pi;&lambda;&alpha;ί&sigma;&iota;&alpha; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &beta;&upsilon;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;ῆ&sigmaf; ἐ&pi;&iota;&beta;ί&omega;&sigma;&eta;&sigmaf;, &pi;&omicron;ὺ ὁ ἴ&delta;&iota;&omicron;&sigmaf; ὀ&nu;ό&mu;&alpha;&sigma;&epsilon; Byzance apr&egrave;s Byzance.</p><p>Ἡ &gamma;&nu;ώ&mu;&eta; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &sigma;&upsilon;&gamma;&gamma;&rho;&alpha;&phi;έ&alpha;, &tau;ὴ&nu; ὁ&pi;&omicron;ί&alpha; ἔ&chi;&epsilon;&iota; ἤ&delta;&eta; ἀ&nu;&alpha;&pi;&tau;ύ&xi;&epsilon;&iota; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &sigma;ὲ &pi;&rho;&omicron;&eta;&gamma;&omicron;ύ&mu;&epsilon;&nu;&epsilon;&sigmaf; ἐ&rho;&gamma;&alpha;&sigma;ί&epsilon;&sigmaf;, &epsilon;ἶ&nu;&alpha;&iota; ὅ&tau;&iota; &tau;ὰ ἱ&sigma;&tau;&omicron;&rho;&iota;&kappa;ά &tau;&epsilon;&kappa;&mu;ή&rho;&iota;&alpha; &pi;&omicron;ὺ &sigma;&upsilon;&sigma;&chi;&epsilon;&tau;ί&sigma;&tau;&eta;&kappa;&alpha;&nu; &mu;ὲ &alpha;ὐ&tau;ὴ &tau;ὴ&nu; &kappa;&lambda;&eta;&rho;&omicron;&nu;&omicron;&mu;&iota;ὰ ἀ&nu;&tau;&alpha;&pi;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;ί&nu;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &sigma;&tau;ὴ&nu; &pi;&rho;&alpha;&gamma;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ό&tau;&eta;&tau;&alpha; &sigma;ὲ &mu;ί&alpha; &delta;&iota;&alpha;&rho;&kappa;ὴ &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&rho;&iota;&kappa;ὴ &delta;&iota;&epsilon;&kappa;&delta;ί&kappa;&eta;&sigma;&eta; &tau;ῶ&nu; &eta;&gamma;&epsilon;&mu;ό&nu;&omega;&nu; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &Beta;&lambda;&alpha;&chi;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &Mu;&omicron;&lambda;&delta;&alpha;&beta;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; (&tau;ῶ&nu; &Rho;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;ά&nu;&omega;&nu; &pi;&rho;ῶ&tau;&alpha; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ὕ&sigma;&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&alpha; &tau;ῶ&nu; &Phi;&alpha;&nu;&alpha;&rho;&iota;&omega;&tau;ῶ&nu;). Ἡ &delta;&iota;&epsilon;&kappa;&delta;ί&kappa;&eta;&sigma;&eta; &alpha;ὐ&tau;ὴ ἀ&nu;ά&gamma;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &chi;&rho;&omicron;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ῶ&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;&lambda;ὺ &pi;&rho;ὶ&nu; ἀ&pi;ὸ &tau;ὴ&nu; ἅ&lambda;&omega;&sigma;&eta; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &Kappa;&omega;&nu;&sigma;&tau;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;&omicron;&upsilon;&pi;ό&lambda;&epsilon;&omega;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&epsilon;&chi;ί&zeta;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &sigma;&tau;ὴ&nu; ἐ&pi;&omicron;&chi;ὴ &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &Tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&rho;&kappa;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;&alpha;&tau;ί&alpha;&sigmaf;. &Tau;ό&tau;&epsilon; ἀ&nu;&alpha;&gamma;&kappa;ά&zeta;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &nu;ὰ &pi;ά&rho;&epsilon;&iota; &mu;ί&alpha; &kappa;&rho;&upsilon;&phi;ὴ &mu;&omicron;&rho;&phi;ή, &pi;&omicron;&lambda;ὺ &chi;&alpha;&rho;&alpha;&kappa;&tau;&eta;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ή, &pi;&omicron;ὺ ἀ&nu;&tau;&iota;&sigma;&tau;&omicron;&iota;&chi;&epsilon;ῖ &sigma;&tau;ὴ &delta;&eta;&mu;&iota;&omicron;&upsilon;&rho;&gamma;ί&alpha; &mu;&iota;ᾶ&sigmaf; &laquo;&Chi;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&tau;&iota;&alpha;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ῆ&sigmaf; &kappa;&rho;&upsilon;&pi;&tau;&omicron;-&alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&rho;ί&alpha;&sigmaf;&raquo;, ὑ&pi;ό&gamma;&epsilon;&iota;&alpha; &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;έ&chi;&iota;&sigma;&eta; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ἐ&pi;&iota;&beta;ί&omega;&sigma;&eta; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &beta;&upsilon;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;ῆ&sigmaf;. &Alpha;ὐ&tau;ὴ ἡ sui generis &pi;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&tau;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;-ἰ&delta;&epsilon;&omicron;&lambda;&omicron;&gamma;&iota;&kappa;ὴ &delta;&omicron;&mu;ὴ &sigma;&tau;&eta;&rho;ί&chi;&tau;&eta;&kappa;&epsilon; &sigma;&tau;ὴ &sigma;&tau;&epsilon;&nu;ὴ &sigma;&upsilon;&mu;&mu;&alpha;&chi;ί&alpha; ἀ&nu;ά&mu;&epsilon;&sigma;&alpha; &sigma;&tau;&omicron;ὺ&sigmaf; ἡ&gamma;&epsilon;&tau;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;ύ&sigmaf; &kappa;ύ&kappa;&lambda;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;ῡ ὑ&pi;ό&delta;&omicron;&upsilon;&lambda;&omicron;&upsilon; Ἑ&lambda;&lambda;&eta;&nu;&iota;&sigma;&mu;&omicron;ῦ -&pi;&rho;ὸ &pi;&alpha;&nu;&tau;ὸ&sigmaf; &tau;ὸ &omicron;ἰ&kappa;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;&epsilon;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ὸ &Pi;&alpha;&tau;&rho;&iota;&alpha;&rho;&chi;&epsilon;ῖ&omicron;, &tau;ὰ &mu;&omicron;&nu;&alpha;&sigma;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὰ &kappa;έ&nu;&tau;&rho;&alpha; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ἀ&rho;&gamma;ό&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&alpha; &tau;ὸ &Phi;&alpha;&nu;ά&rho;&iota;- &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &sigma;&tau;&omicron;ὺ&sigmaf; &beta;&omicron;&epsilon;&beta;ό&delta;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &Mu;&omicron;&lambda;&delta;&omicron;&Beta;&lambda;&alpha;&chi;ί&alpha;&sigmaf;, &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &delta;&iota;ή&rho;&kappa;&epsilon;&sigma;&epsilon; ὥ&sigmaf; &tau;ὸ 1821.</p>&Sigma;&tau;ὸ &delta;&epsilon;ύ&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&omicron; &mu;έ&rho;&omicron;&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; ἐ&rho;&gamma;&alpha;&sigma;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;&nu;ί&zeta;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&iota; ἀ&phi;' ἑ&nu;ὸ&sigmaf; ἡ &sigma;&eta;&mu;&alpha;&sigma;ί&alpha; &alpha;ὐ&tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&rho;&iota;&kappa;ή&sigmaf; ἰ&delta;έ&alpha;&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;ὺ &phi;έ&rho;&nu;&epsilon;&iota; &sigma;&tau;ὸ &phi;ῶ&sigmaf; ὁ &sigma;&upsilon;&gamma;&gamma;&rho;&alpha;&phi;έ&alpha;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ἡ ὁ&pi;&omicron;ί&alpha; ἀ&lambda;&lambda;ά&zeta;&epsilon;&iota; &pi;&omicron;&lambda;&lambda;ὲ&sigmaf; ἀ&pi;ὸ &tau;ὶ&sigmaf; &gamma;&nu;ῶ&mu;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &mu;&alpha;&sigmaf; &gamma;&iota;ὰ &tau;ή&nu; ἱ&sigma;&tau;&omicron;&rho;ί&alpha;, &tau;ό&sigma;&omicron; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &rho;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;&alpha;&nu;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;ῦ &lambda;&alpha;&omicron;ῦ, ὅ&sigma;&omicron; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Epsilon;&lambda;&lambda;&eta;&nu;&iota;&sigma;&mu;&omicron;ῦ &sigma;&tau;ὴ&nu; ὑ&sigma;&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&omicron;- &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &mu;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&beta;&upsilon;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;ὴ &pi;&epsilon;&rho;ί&omicron;&delta;&omicron;. Ἀ&phi;' ἑ&tau;έ&rho;&omicron;&upsilon;, &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&rho;&iota;&kappa;ὰ &laquo;&sigma;&upsilon;&mu;&pi;&tau;ώ&mu;&alpha;&tau;&alpha;&raquo; &tau;&omicron;ῦ ἰ&delta;ί&omicron;&upsilon; &tau;ύ&pi;&omicron;&upsilon; &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&alpha;&nu;&tau;ῶ&nu;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &sigma;ὲ &delta;&iota;ά&phi;&omicron;&rho;&epsilon;&sigmaf; ἄ&lambda;&lambda;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &epsilon;ὐ&rho;&omega;&pi;&alpha;ϊ&kappa;ὲ&sigmaf; &chi;ῶ&rho;&epsilon;&sigmaf;, ἀ&pi;ὸ &tau;ὴ&nu; &Beta;&epsilon;&nu;&epsilon;&tau;ί&alpha; ὥ&sigmaf; &tau;ὴ&nu; &Rho;&omega;&sigma;ί&alpha; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Kappa;&iota;έ&beta;&omicron;&upsilon;, &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ἀ&pi;ὸ &tau;ὴ&nu; Ἱ&sigma;&pi;&alpha;&nu;ί&alpha; ὥ&sigmaf; &tau;ὴ&nu; Ἀ&gamma;&gamma;&lambda;ί&alpha;. &Sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&epsilon;&pi;ῶ&sigmaf; &tau;ὰ ἀ&pi;&omicron;&tau;&epsilon;&lambda;έ&sigma;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&alpha; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &mu;&epsilon;&lambda;έ&tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &alpha;ὐ&tau;ῆ&sigmaf; ἀ&nu;&omicron;ί&gamma;&omicron;&upsilon;&nu; &pi;&rho;&omicron;&omicron;&pi;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὲ&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;ὺ &theta;ὰ ἔ&pi;&rho;&epsilon;&pi;&epsilon; &nu;ὰ ἐ&xi;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&sigma;&theta;&omicron;ῦ&nu; &sigma;&tau;ὸ ἐ&pi;ί&pi;&epsilon;&delta;&omicron; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &epsilon;ὐ&rho;&omega;&pi;&alpha;ϊ&kappa;ῆ&sigmaf; ἱ&sigma;&tau;&omicron;&rho;ί&alpha;&sigmaf;, &mu;έ&sigma;&alpha; &sigma;&tau;ὰ &pi;&lambda;&alpha;ί&sigma;&iota;&alpha; ἑ&nu;ὸ&sigmaf; &epsilon;ὐ&rho;έ&omicron;&sigmaf; &pi;&rho;&omicron;&gamma;&rho;ά&mu;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf; ἐ&rho;&epsilon;&upsilon;&nu;ῶ&nu;.