bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Ellis Class 2 fracture in 13–17 years old children
Authors: Lakshmi S. B. Sree , Lakshmanan Lakshimi
Published: May 2024

The objective of the study is to evaluate the association of Ellis Class 2 fracture in children aged between 13 and 17 years. This is a descriptive study that was carried out in a university context, using data from patients with Ellis Class 2 fractures between 13 and 17 years from June 2019 to February 2021, which were obtained by analyzing patient records. The records were transferred to the SPSS software for statistical analysis. The association of Ellis Class 2 fracture is common in relation to 11 which is about 29.41% and more common among the age group of 14 years and had a more male prediction. The knowledge of Ellis Class 2 fracture and its association with several parameters are essential in dentistry for various clinical performances. This can be accomplished by increasing awareness through Continuing Dental Education (CDE) programs, demonstrations, and seminars on the clinical regime of Ellis Class 2 fracture.
Prevalence of pulp stones in IOPA radiographs
Authors: Ravichandran Sudarsan , Vadivel Jayanth Kumar
Published: May 2024

The presence of calcifications or hard deposits within the pulp chamber of the teeth is referred to as pulp stones. There is a geographic and ethnic variation in the occurrence of these calcifications in the population. The article assessed the occurrence of pulp stones. As a secondary objective, the gender or age difference was also assessed. This study was carried out retrospectively by analyzing the archived dental radiographs. A total of 100 radiographs were taken for the analysis based on random sampling. The selected samples were scanned for the occurrence of pulp stones. From a total of 100 subjects, 15% had more than one pulp stone. This study revealed the prevalence of dental stones in the sample population was low. However, of the teeth examined, the mandibular arch had a higher incidence when compared to the maxillary arch. No significant correlation was found among gender or age. Further studies on a larger scale are required to find possible associations that would help determine clinical outcomes.
Clinical practice guidelines for radiographic assessment in management of oral cancer
Authors: Abhinaya L. M. , Muthukrishnan Arvind
Published: May 2024

In recent years, oral cancer has become a huge solicitude in oncology with its accelerating incidence and has accounted for nearly 50% of cancers seen in India. Screening of patients and lack of awareness among people about the early signs and symptoms are the major factors for a late diagnosis. Although examination of the lesion clinically and diagnosis has a paramount role in early detection, different imaging techniques are required to accurately gauge the extent to local regions. Imaging plays a pivotal role in deciding the apt treatment strategy, assessing the resectability of the tumor, and gauging exact margins for resection. Thus, this study aims to describe a new clinical guideline using various available imaging systems and their importance in oral cancer management.
Anticancer, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of the Methanolic Extract from Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) J. F Pruski Leaves
Authors: Mardina Vivi , Ilyas Syafruddin , Halimatussakdiah Halimatussakdiah , Harmawan Tisna , Tanjung Masitta , Yusof Faridah
Published: May 2024

This study aims to investigate the potential of bioactive secondary metabolites contained in Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) J.F Pruski leaves as novel plant-derived anticancer agent. Qualitative bioactive compound contents in the methanolic extract of S. trilobata leaves were screened using phytochemical method. Antioxidant evaluation was carried out using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay; antibacterial – using well diffusion method on Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi; and cytotoxicity – using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on MCF-7 cell line and Vero Cell. It was found that the methanolic extract exhibited antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 124.34 μg/mL. The inhibition zone values against E. coli and S. thypi (at extract concentration of 100 mg/mL) were 34.33 and 36 mm, respectively. In vitro MTT assay showed that our extract successfully reached 96% mortality with LC50 = 189.287 μg/mL, where the selective index of 2.5 suggest its selectivity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. In conclusion, the data of biological activities suggest the potential development of methanolic extract from S. trilobata leaves as a phytomedicine for breast cancer treatment.
New robustaflavone from Garcinia latissima Miq. leave and Its antibacterial activity
Authors: Ambarwati Neneng Siti Silfi , Elya Berna , Malik Amarila , Omar Hanita , Hanafi Muhammad , Ahmad Islamudin
Published: May 2024

Isolation and determination of antibacterial compounds from plants are essential to obtain a new antibacterial as a substitute for conventional resistant antibiotics. This study aims to isolate and identify a new robustaflavone as antibacterial activity from Garcinia latissima Miq. leave. In this study, the isolation process was carried out using column chromatography followed by preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) based on the TLC profile. The fraction D was tested for anti-bacterial Bacillus subtilis using the TLC bioautography method. The isolates obtained were then identified using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer, heteronuclear single quantum coherence, and heteronuclear multiple bond coherence. The Activity assay of the isolate was performed using the microdilution method. A pure compound obtained the result of the separation process with eluent n-hexane: Ethyl acetate (3:2) with Rf 0.6. This spot follows the spot in the contact bioautographic result of fraction D, the spot with Rf 0.6 gives an inhibition zone. After identifying and purifying the isolate were known as Robustaflavone, this compound has activity against B. subtilis with a (minimum inhibitory concentration) value of 2500 ppm. Robustaflavone successfully isolated and identified from G. latissima leave and its antibacterial activity.
Prevalence of Class V caries in maxillary and mandibular canines of 3–5-year-old children
Authors: Suresh Charanya , Gurunathan Deepa , Padmapriya S.
Published: May 2024

Caries in primary teeth are a major health concern in socially disadvantaged populations and may alter the eruption pattern and function of their successor. The aim of the study is to find the prevalence of Class V caries in maxillary and mandibular canines in 3–5-year-old children. A single-centered retrospective study was conducted in a private dental institution, Chennai. The data were collected from the Dental Hospital Management System of Saveetha Dental College (DIAS). A test for significance was done with the help of the Chi-square test. The most prevalent caries in canines of children between the age group of 3 and 5 years were cervical caries or Class V caries. 5, 35,951 patient details that were available in DIAS, and 2,35,841 were details of pedodontic patients, 200 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were analyzed. It was observed that the prevalence of caries on the right maxillary and mandibular canines (80.00%) was higher than the left counterpart (20.00%) of the same arch. Maxillary canines (70.00%) had more prevalence of caries as compared to mandibular canines (30.00%). Caries prevalence on the right maxillary and right mandibular primary canine was higher than their left counterparts. Maxillary primary canines had more prevalence of caries as compared to mandibular primary canines.
Molecular docking investigation of calotropone as a potential natural therapeutic agent against pancreatic cancer
Authors: Purnama Agnia , Rizki Diva Rayyan , Qanita Intan , Iqhrammullah Muhammad , Ahmad Khairunnas , Mardina Vivi , Puspita Kana , Hasballah Kartini
Published: May 2024

A natural bioactive compound named calotropone has been reported as a drug candidate for several cancers, including pancreatic cancers. Herein, we used molecular docking approach to test the possible mechanisms of action of calotropone in inhibiting the growth of pancreatic cell cancer with gemcitabine as the positive control. By employing AutoDock Vina, we studied the molecular interaction between calotropone and pancreatic cancer-associated proteins, namely Glucosaminyl (N-Acetyl) Transferase 3, Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase 1, Tyrosine-protein kinase Met (c-Met), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, Budding Uninhibited by Benzimidazole 1, A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 10, Sex-determining region Y and Nuclear Factor kappa Beta (Nf-Kβ). Higher affinity energies of calotropone toward the aforementioned proteins (ranging from [FIGURE DASH]7.3 to [FIGURE DASH]9.3 kcal/mol) indicate that calotropone may work in the same manner as anticancer drug gemcitabine. Highest docking score was found at the interaction of calotropone and Nf-Kβ ([FIGURE DASH]9.3 kcal/mol).
Knowledge, awareness, and attitude of dentists toward use of denture adhesives in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Deshmukh Madhura , Rajaraman Vaishnavi , Duraisamy Revathi , Maiti Subhabrata
Published: May 2024

Dentists, especially the clinicians, struggle to achieve comfort, stability, and retention in removable dentures, which eliminates need of denture adhesives, and often prescribe denture adherents as an adjunct aid in denture aftercare. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, awareness, and attitude of dentists in Tamil Nadu toward use of denture adhesives in clinical practice. This survey was conducted among 150 dentists in Tamil Nadu, of which 128 dentists responded. The survey had 22 close-ended questions circulated through online forms. The data were collected, tabulated, and interpreted. Respondents were 24.2% general practitioners, 14.8% undergraduate students, 25.8% postgraduate students - prosthodontics, 30.5% other than prosthodontics, and 4.7% were prosthodontists. Awareness of usage of denture adhesives, 99.2% of the population responded positively and 1.6% respondents had no awareness. Majority of clinicians were not familiar with the toxic effects and thus a difference in recommendation was seen. The results of this survey conclude that knowledge and attitude of dentists in state of Tamil Nadu pertaining to use of denture adhesives as a retentive adjunct in denture fabrication is good overall, but depth of knowledge about its indication in clinical practice, toxicity, and complications needs some improvement.
Morphometric analysis of Bonwill's triangle and its dental applications in dry human mandible bones
Authors: Ganesh M. K. Arun , Mohanraj Karthik Ganesh
Published: May 2024

Bonwill's triangle is an imaginary equilateral triangle formed when the centers of two condyles and each condyle with the medial mandibular incisal midpoint are joined. The dimensions of the tooth, with other bones of cranium, and the entire anatomical structure of body are in persistent association with the distance of the borders of the triangle. It can be used to study articulation of the mandible, complete dentures, and dental occlusion and can be related when treating mandibular fractures. The aim is to analyze the variations in the length of Bonwill's triangle in dry human mandibles and its dental implications. Forty dry human mandibles were taken to carry out this study. Distances between the center of the right condylar process to the inner medial mandibular incisal midpoint (A), the distance between the center of the left condylar process to the inner medial mandibular incisal midpoint (B), and the distance between the centers of right and left condylar process of mandible (C) were measured with the aid of digital vernier caliper. The statistics was evaluated and observed using the statistical analysis software SPSS (Version 20.0) and the mean and standard deviation was calculated. The mean length between right condyle center and medial mandibular incisal midpoint is 97.76 mm, between left condyle center and medial mandibular incisal midpoint is 98.55 mm, and between the right and left condyle centers is 97.39 mm. The values are almost equal to 4 inches. The mandibular measurements serve as an important factor for many clinical conditions especially related to dentistry. The results of this study can be of great significance when treating mandibular fractures and defects.
Knowledge, attitude, and awareness toward orthodontic treatment among patients
Authors: Sri T. Sarva , Balakrishnan Nivethigaa , Sreenivasagan Swapna , Nivethigaa B.
Published: May 2024

The current study's objective is to learn more about how patients, depending on their gender, perceive, feel, and know about orthodontic therapy. There was a cross-sectional survey among 100 patients to evaluate their knowledge and attitude toward orthodontic treatment. The questionnaire was prepared and circulated among patients using online google forms. The online responses were collected and tabulation of the data was done in excel sheets. Data was analysed using statistical software. Chi square test to compare the association of gender and patients knowledge regarding orthodontic treatment. In the current study 53% of the study population had visited an orthodontist. 79.6% of the patients are conscious that their teeth can be aligned properly by an orthodontist. 73.5% think that teeth should be properly positioned for a better facial appearance. According to the findings in the present study, it is evident that there is awareness and understanding regarding the orthodontic treatment among patients.
Awareness and practice pertaining to the use of digital imaging for orthodontic purposes among undergraduate dental students
Authors: Rieshy V. , Balakrishnan Nivethigaa , Arvind T. R. Prasanna
Published: May 2024

The current study aimed at evaluation of the awareness of undergraduate dental students regarding the use of digital imaging that are used for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment. An online survey using google forms was conducted among the undergraduate dental students as a part of this study setting. The sample size of participants was 109. The survey was composed of a set of 14 questions including demographics. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutionalized ethical committee. SPSS software was used for data analysis and descriptive statistics. Among the entire population, 46.2% participants said that they would be using digital dental imaging during their practices and in their career and the remaining 53.8% participants said that they would not be using digital imaging due to various reasons. This study found out that undergraduate dental students have an average level of awareness regarding the use of digital dental imaging that are used for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment.
Knowledge and awareness about fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva among dental students
Authors: Akshayaa L. , Kavitha S. , Priya V. Vishnu , Gayathri R.
Published: May 2024

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disorder which is autosomal dominant distinguished by congenital malformations of large toes and flare ups, etc. It is a disorder of connective tissue, with heterotopic ossifications seen with skeletal muscles, tendons, and cartilages and also called as Stone man disease, myositis ossificans, and Munchmeyer disease. The main objective of the study is to assess and create the awareness about FOP among dental students. An online-based survey was conducted among 103 dental students, undergraduates and postgraduates. About 20 questionnaires were prepared and circulated among the students through the “Google forms” across Chennai. A survey questionnaire asked about the knowledge of fibrodysplasia, its causes, treatment, and diagnosis was enquired. Thus, the data obtained were analyzed statistically using the SPSS software. In our study, about 64% were undergraduates and 35% of them were postgraduates. About 66% of the participants were aware of fibrodysplasia and 32% of them were not aware. Most of the undergraduate students were more aware of fibrodysplasia (40%) when compared to postgraduates (29%). However, this is statistically not significant. Fibrodysplasia ossificans reported to have a high incidence in 1 in 2 million people worldwide. Hence, an early diagnosis of this disorder can prevent further complications. Although the survey has provided significant knowledge about fibrodysplasia, awareness still has to be created among dental students.
Analytical methods for honeybee venom characterization
Authors: El Mehdi Iouraouine , Falcão Soraia I. , Boujraf Saïd , Mustapha Harandou , Campos Maria G. , Vilas-Boas Miguel
Published: May 2024

The discovery of new drugs has benefited significantly from the development of research in venomics, increasing our understanding of the envenomation processes. It has been previously reported that honeybee venom (HBV) exhibits several pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimutagenic, radioprotective, and anticancer activity and may inclusively act as a complementary treatment for SARS-CoV-2. It composition consists mainly on melittin, phospholipase A2, and apamin but other constituents such as hyaluronidase, mast cell degranulating peptide and secapin are also relevant for its bioactivity. However, and because HBV is not officially recognized as a drug, until now, the international community did not establish quality standards for it. To uncover its exact composition, and boost the discovery of HBV-derived drugs, a significant number of techniques were developed. In this review, a relevant overview of the so far published analytical methods for HBV characterization is organized with the aim to accelerate its future standardization. The literature search was performed within PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct by selecting specific documents and exploring HBV evaluation.
Knowledge and awareness of chronic bronchitis and its oral manifestation among dental students and practitioners
Authors: Vaishnavi Allour , Priya V. Vishnu , Kavitha S. , Gayathri R. , Selvaraj J.
Published: May 2024

Chronic bronchitis (CB) is an inflammatory disease and is characterized by bronchial tube irritation. The bronchial tube irritation can result in the accumulation of mucus. CB is a part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, causing blockage of airflow and thereby problems in breathing. Cigarette smoking is of utmost importance in causing CB. Besides pollution of air and the working environment can also play a key role. The study aimed to assess and create the awareness about CB among dental students and practitioners. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among dental students utilizing an online review entry called “Google forms.” A total of 100 people were assessed using a structured questionnaire comprising 15 questions. The analysis of the result was done using the SPSS software of version 23. It has been shown that 78% of them are aware of CB. 75% of them responded that passive smokers were mostly affected by CB. Within the study limits, it was found that males who participated had increased awareness when compared to the females. The survey results showed that most of the participants were aware about CB but not its clinical features, oral manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment.
Effect of herbal and nonherbal dentifrice on gingival health – A clinical study
Authors: Devi B. Vaishnavi , Rajasekar Arvina
Published: May 2024

The main causative factor for periodontal diseases is dental plaque. The most effective way to remove plaque is tooth brushing using dentifrice. Recently, due to the side effects of commercially available chemical dentifrices, herbal toothpaste is gaining popularity. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of herbal and nonherbal toothpaste on gingival health. The current study involved 100 outpatients reported to Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. Each patient received oral prophylaxis and for 3 days, they were told not to use any other oral hygiene products. The subjects were assigned randomly into the test group (Colgate Herbal) and control group (Colgate). Thirty days later, the plaque and gingival indices were recorded and compared with the baseline using an unpaired t-test (SPSS software, version 23). The mean plaque index at baseline was 1.4 ± 0.6 (herbal) and 1.3 ± 0.7 (nonherbal), and after 30 days, the scores were 1.0 ± 0.5 and 0.9 ± 0.3, respectively. The mean gingival index score for herbal and nonherbal dentifrice at baseline was 1.19 ± 0.5 and 0.9 ± 0.2, and at 30th day, it was 1.1 ± 0.4 and 1.0 ± 0.4, respectively. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Herbal dentifrices are just as effective as nonherbal dentifrices at reducing plaque and improving gingival health.
Workflow for the full-mouth rehabilitation of a patient with different prosthetic materials in opposing arches
Authors: Rajaraman Vaishnavi , Nesappan Thiyaneswaran , Maiti Subhabrata , Rohinikumar Subhashree
Published: May 2024

Fixed rehabilitation is an exhaustive approach for most dental practitioners to treat partial or complete edentulism. In recent years, we are witnessing a digital transformation in prosthodontics and smile makeovers. This requires an in-depth understanding of concepts and the skills to achieve desired clinical results. Many situations of the oral cavity often need fixed rehabilitation treatment. This extensive treatment primarily solves two goals: maintains crown integrity and also achieves optimal esthetics. To restore lost parts of the stomatognathic system, a multidisciplinary approach is of utmost importance. The treatment options may range from removable implant-supported dentures to fixed implant-supported prostheses. The choice of treatment relies on the limitations of anatomic structures and existing. Partial or complete edentulousness can inadvertently reduce the quality of life of the patient and may hinder physiology. This report narrates a combination of two types of dental prosthetic material to obtain a desirable outcome in fixed rehabilitation of a patient. Furthermore, it highlights the management of complete treatment in a limited period and patient appointments.
Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles derived from Mentha X piperita + Ocimum tenuiflorum
Authors: Harsha L. , Jain Ravindra Kumar , Prasad Arya S.
Published: May 2024

The objective of the study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles using Mentha
X
Piperita (Mint) + Ocimum
tenuiflorum (tulsi) and to confirm its size and shape. 0.5 mg of tulsi and 0.5 mg mint were diluted in distilled water (100 ml). The dissolved formulation was heated for 15 min at 70°C and filtered. The filtrate was homogeneously combined with 0.9 mg of silver nitrate to prepare nanoparticles of silver (AgNPs). The characterization of the obtained nanoparticle was done using transmission electron microscopy. Using agar disc diffusion assay, the antibacterial property was evaluated against common oral microbes at different concentrations. Silver nanoparticles showed excellent antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus
mutans at 100 μL concentration. At 25 and 50 μL, all microbes showed similar extent of antimicrobial activity when quantified. Tulsi and mint prove to be effective in synthesizing silver nanoparticles that have good antimicrobial activity against oral microbes.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of digital dentures among dentists
Authors: Sri Harini , Maiti Subhabrata , Sasanka Keerthi
Published: May 2024

The objective of this survey was to evaluate the knowledge, awareness, and practice of digital dentures among dentists. This is a cross-sectional survey conducted from January to February, 2022. Fifteen close-ended questions were framed and circulated among 150 dental practitioners and interns using an online survey form. The responses were collected and statistically analyzed. The results summarize that 95.3% were aware of digital dentures and 4.7% were not. About 60.1% do not use digital workflow, 27% do not have essential equipment, 9.5% were not confident in practicing digital dentures, and 3.4% found that it was inaccurate, showed poor retention, and a well-skilled technician was required. Most dental practitioners are aware of digital dentures. Among all practitioners with postgraduation were more aware of digital dentures than the interns and undergraduate practitioners. Most dentists do not practice digital dentures due to the high initial setup cost and maintenance. The majority of practitioners agree that digital dentures will be the ultimate tool in future dentistry.
Knowledge, attitude, and awareness on the protocols and trends in orthodontic retention among dental students
Authors: Nivedha V. M. , Balakrishnan Nivethigaa , Sreenivasagan Swapna
Published: May 2024

This survey aimed at evaluating the knowledge and awareness regarding the various retention protocols used in orthodontic practice. A survey has been conducted among the dental students by circulating 15 close-ended questions online to analyze the data collected on the protocols and trends in orthodontic retention. The male and female distribution among the study population was evaluated, and the retention protocols used were computed; statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Ninety-four percent accepted that Hawley retainers are predominantly used compared to fixed retainers. Eighty-seven percent agreed that they aim at a more stable dentition by the completion of orthodontic treatment. The Chi-square test on the knowledge of respondents on the permanent retention to be followed after orthodontic treatment to close generalized spacing is statistically not significant, P = 0.056. Within the considered limitations, it is clear that there is awareness among the dentists regarding the use of a retention appliance to ensure stability at the finish of orthodontic treatment. But the protocol for the same remains variable. Further studies can be performed to identify the effectiveness of each of the different retention protocols and their indications in various cases.
Probiotic curd as antibacterial agent against pathogens causing oral deformities – in vitro microbiological study
Authors: Balaganesh Sarika , Kumar Pradeep , Girija A. S. Smiline , Rathinavelu Pradeep Kumar
Published: May 2024

Major oral deformities fall under dental caries and periodontal diseases hence active prevention of these two diseases can contribute to good oral health and preserves oral hygiene. Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus, Candida, and anaerobic organisms are the organisms responsible for causing oral cavity-related deformities. Probiotics which is the useful and nonpathogenic bacteria are added to food products which tend to be advantageous to human health. A wide range of studies indicates that these probiotics are useful against oral tissues. Hence, the primary goal of the study aims to determine the antibacterial potential of probiotic curd against pathogens causing various oral diseases and deformities. A laboratory-oriented in vitro microbiological study design was framed to detect the antimicrobial potential of the probiotic curd. Subgingival calculus specimens were collected and anaerobic organisms were isolated in thioglycollate broth. Lawn cultures were subjected to the surface of brain heart infusion agar and 100 μl of probiotic curd, normal curd, and filtrate were taken in a micropipette and inoculated over the specific wells. The culture plates were incubated anaerobically at 37°C for 24 h. The culture plates were monitored for the zone of inhibition to assess the antibacterial activity against the test pathogens. The results showed that there was no antibacterial activity against the anaerobic bacteria cultivated from subgingival calculus. However, further validation must be done on the same with purified components from the probiotic curd. Probiotic curd is normally considered a vital immune-boosting nutritional supplement. However, the antibacterial activity must be evaluated with care with the purified filtrates of the curd to substantiate its exact role against dental pathogens.
Evaluation of respiratory function among homemakers exposed to indoor air pollution
Authors: Raja Darshika , Sridevi G.
Published: May 2024

Indoor air contamination is a condition that can increase cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in the present-day population. Utilizing cooking exhaust in working environments, pollutants such as Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), incense sticks, cooking in fuel and kindling oven in the kitchen, and tobacco smoke are the significant reasons for indoor air contamination. The point of this study is to make mindfulness among homemakers presented to indoor air contamination. A spellbinding cross-sectional review including 100 homemaker female subjects in the age of 40–50 know about indoor air contamination. An overview was directed among 100 home creators in regard to indoor air contamination to make mindfulness. The strategy for testing done is basic arbitrary inspecting. The aftereffects of the current review showed that respondents were greatly presented to the indoor air contamination and created side effects connected with it and generally respondents in the age gathering of 40–50 years had encountered more exhaustion, dry bothersome skin, copying and aggravation of the eyes and stodgy nose, and affiliation was measurably huge. This finding revealed the indoor air toxins that can be considered to assume a part underway to infections like asthma, and so forth.
Phosphorescent wax - The novel approach of innovation
Authors: Devi N Sanjana , Veeraiyan Deepak Nallaswamy , Sivaswamy Vinay , Maiti Subhabrata , Ganapathy Dhanraj M. , Rajaraman Vaishnavi
Published: May 2024

The present invention relates to dental compositions that include a phosphorescent material, more particularly, adding phosphorescent material to waxes that used in dentistry. The aim of the study is to develop a wax that has innate phosphorescent properties. Three groups of samples were taken in which the phosphorescent material was added. Three groups were later compared for their phosphorescent property in the material. All the samples in the initial molten state were poured into a mold made of silicone impression material and allowed to set. The material was placed in a dark room, and visual examination was done to compare the materials. From the samples obtained, paraffin wax showed more phosphorescent property than beeswax. The least phosphorescent property was seen in marginal wax. It can be concluded from this study that paraffin wax showed the most phosphorescent property.
In silico estrogen receptor alpha antagonist studies and toxicity prediction of Melia azedarach leaves bioactive ethyl acetate fraction
Authors: Ervina Martha , Pratama Mohammad Rizki Fadhil , Poerwono Hadi , Ekowati Juni , Widyowati Retno , Matsunami Katsuyoshi , Sukardiman
Published: May 2024

The estrogen hormone dependent accounts for a major cause in the incidence of women breast cancer. Thus, their receptor, especially the estrogen receptor α (ER-α), is becoming a target in endocrine treatment. These ligand-inducible nuclear functions are regulated by an array of phytochemical and synthetic compounds, such as 17 β-estradiol and tamoxifen (4-hydroxytamoxifen [4OHT]). The Chinaberry (Melia azedarach) leaves are known naturally for relieving internal and external diseases. Previous studies revealed the potency of Melia's ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fractions as anticancer; furthermore, this study aimed to resolve possible ER-α antagonist's mechanism and safety from M. azedarach leaves ethyl acetate fraction contents. Melia's phytochemical content was analyzed with electrospray ionization liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, while its ER-α antagonist's potency was investigated by in silico. The computational docking was used to 3ERT (a human ER-α-4OHT binding domain complex) with Autodock Vina and related programs. The results presented Energy binding (ΔG) of Melia's quercetin 3-O-(2'',6''-digalloyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside was similar to 4OHT, and lower than its agonist 17 β-estradiol. Furthermore, the toxicity prediction of these compounds were revealed safer than 4OHT. The Melia's leaves ethyl acetate fraction, therefore, is a potential pharmacological material for further studies.
A cross-sectional hospital-based study on how patients perceive the dental care provided by male or female dentists
Authors: Prenetha R. , Prabakar Jayashri
Published: May 2024

Awareness and knowledge of patient choice were important for developing the standard of dental health. It is important to maintain the patient–dentist relationship, which must be done with sincerity. For patients, the quality of social care is crucial. Therefore, the study's goal is to determine whether patients perceive dental treatment provided by male or female dentists differently. A descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study (Saveetha University) was conducted using a structured questionnaire which consisted of questions which assessed the patient opinion about dental care provided by male or female dental practitioners. To evaluate statistical significance, we shall utilize (P = 0.05). The Chi-square test was performed to evaluate patient perception toward gender preference in providing dental care. Male and female participants appear to have the same degree of knowledge when compared, according to a statistically significant connection (P = 0.05) that was discovered. The study demonstrated that patients' perceptions of the expertise levels of male and female dentists were the same.
Comparison of the marginal accuracy of metal copings fabricated by 3D-printed resin and milled polymethyl methacrylate – An in vitro study
Authors: Arora Ojasvini , Ahmed Nabeel , Maiti Subhabrata
Published: May 2024

Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems have gained popularity over the traditional laboratory procedures in dentistry. In the conventional metal casting technique by burnout of a pattern, instead of using a wax pattern (which has several disadvantages), milled polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and 3D-printed resin patterns can also be used. The objective of the study was to assess and compare the marginal accuracy of single-crown cobalt–chromium (Co-Cr) metal copings fabricated using milled PMMA and 3D-printed resin patterns. Digital designing was done for metal coping on a prepared typodont mandibular molar using 3Shape Dental Design software. Standard Tessellation Language document of CAD design was used to fabricate 3D-printed resin patterns (Sprintray 3D printer) and milled PMMA patterns (CAD/CAM milling machine CoriTEC). A total of ten Co-Cr copings were casted, of which five belonged to Group A: 3D-printed resin and the other five to Group B: milled PMMA. The copings were assessed for marginal fit at eight different points using a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was done using an independent t-test. The t-test revealed a significant difference between the mean marginal gap values of the two groups, with the marginal gap values for the 3D-printed resin group (82.21 ± 15.26 μm) being lesser than that of the milled PMMA group (106.75 ± 12.76 μm). The marginal accuracy of copings fabricated using 3D-printed resin patterns was superior to that of copings fabricated from milled PMMA patterns.
Stature estimation using head circumference
Authors: Prenetha R. , Babu K. Yuvaraj
Published: May 2024

Stature is an essential measurement in anthropometry that resolves individual representation of the body. Forensic determination is the resolution of origin, sex, and natural height. Many previous study has been done on estimation of height using various measurements of teeth and skull. The aim of this study was to estimate stature from head circumference and to derive a linear regression formula between them. The study was conducted in Saveetha Dental College among 70 1st year students (35 males and 35 females). Stature was measured using a stadiometer and head circumference was measured using measuring tape. All the measurements were tabulated and linear regression equation was done using the SPSS software (version 23). For males, Y = 1.85x + 71.12, r = 0.487; for females, Y = 2.07x + 46.24, r = 0.433. By the study, we know that in both genders, head circumference has moderate correlation in estimating stature. From the present research, we conclude that head circumference is a moderately reliable parameter for stature estimation in both genders.
Potential roles of Garcinia family as antimetabolic syndrome
Authors: Kuswandi Asep , Tarawaan Vita Murniati , Goenawan Hanna , Muchtaridi Muchtaridi , Lesmana Ronny
Published: May 2024

The incidence rate is directly proportional to the incidence of obesity or overweight and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Garcinia is a plant that has been proven empirically, preclinically, and clinically to have activities for the avoidance and treatment of metabolic syndrome and on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology caused by the disease. The aim of this study is to create a discussion and summarize information regarding the activity or usefulness of the Garcinia plant. This review article was based on the published journals obtained from Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed databases using the keywords Garcinia obesity, Garcinia overweight, and Garcinia metabolic syndrome. Garcinia had many activities related to metabolic syndrome because it was able to reduce body fat mass, blood sugar level, body weight, total cholesterol, and triglyceride level. These activities were mediated by numerous apparatuses of feat together with a reserve of fatty acid synthase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and several other enzymes and pathways associated with the metabolic syndrome. Garcinia plant was able to be used as a candidate for a new herbal that had a good effect in treating metabolic syndrome in future.
Knowledge, awareness, and perception on root canal treatment among South Indian population – A survey
Authors: Pratheebha C. , Gayathri R. , Veeraraghava Vishnu Priya , Kavitha S.
Published: May 2024

The pulp is removed, and the interior of the tooth is cleaned and sealed during root canal treatment. Root canals are dreaded by many people because they are considered to be painful. The following are indicators of pulpal damage, color changes, swelling, thermal sensitivity, and pain in the gums. The pulp gets inflamed or diseased when it becomes infected, then RCT or extraction is needed to eliminate the inflamed or infected tissue and heal that particular region. The questionnaire was circulated to the sample population through a Google Docs link. Pie charts with a frequency table were created when the survey data were acquired. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the connection using the SPSS software. Eighty-four percent of people are aware of RCT and what it is intended for and 80% of the participants themselves have undergone endodontic treatment. Most of the South Indian population were aware of root canal treatment and have undergone an RCT procedure.
The effect of rice husk nanosilica hydroxyl compound on dentin biomineralization
Authors: Aprillia Iffi , Suprastiwi Endang , Megantoro Aryo , Trisna Luh Putu , Utami Budi , Yana Sarmayana
Published: May 2024

Rice husk nanosilica contains hydroxyl for dentin remineralization. The aim of this study was to analyze and correlate the ability of rice husk nanosilica to induce hydroxyapatite dentin. The detachment of hydroxyl from rice husk nanosilica was analyzed using the sol–gel and pyrolysis methods with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Subsequently, exposing of the demineralized dentin to rice husk nanosilica was performed for a comparison. The formation of hydroxyapatite on dentin was analyzed using X-ray diffraction. The amount of hydroxyl released from the two methods was then correlated with the hydroxyapatite that formed at the dentin. The extraction of hydroxyl on rice husk nanosilica with two methods was the same. Analysis of the amount of hydroxyapatite dentin with both the methods corresponds to each other. The correlation test obtains the value of R = 0.656. Rice husk nanosilica has a similar capability to release hydroxyl compound and form hydroxyapatite dentin using two methods. The creation of hydroxyapatite dentin is not only caused by the exposure of rice husk nanosilica but also owing to other factors that might reinforce the process of hydroxyapatite formation.
Knowledge, attitude, and awareness of biocompatibility of orthodontic materials among dental students
Authors: Chockalingam Shabbarish , Balakrishnan Nivethigaa
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study is to find the knowledge, attitude and awareness of biocompatibility of orthodontic materials among dental students. A survey of 13 questions was created using Google Forms. The questions on the survey cover a wide range of topics including the awareness of cytotoxicity of orthodontic materials, their corrosive potential, ways of preventing corrosion and release of subsequent substances, and various means by which these physiological actions occur. This survey was circulated among dental undergraduate students and the responses recorded were then transferred to SPSS software. Here we conducted descriptive analysis to produce a pie chart and Chi square test to determine the association and statistical significance. The results were noted and examined in the form of bar graphs. The p value for this study was found to be 0.01, which makes this study statistically significant. The awareness about the biocompatibility of orthodontic materials among dental students was found to be low. Continuing dental education programs can be conducted to constantly improve the knowledge regarding the judicious and ecofriendly use of all newly available dental materials.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of lead aprons among dental practitioners and specialists
Authors: Anushya P. , Jayaraman Maha Lakshmi
Published: May 2024

In dentistry, radiographs are often used to diagnose and assess problems relating to oral conditions as well as for better treatment planning. Even though the radiation risk offered by X-rays is minimal, the absorption of this lower level radiation in the individual for a long time challenges a health concern. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of lead aprons among dental practitioners and specialists in Tamil Nadu. A cross-sectional survey was performed around 100 dentists in Tamil Nadu, India, by framing standard questionnaires and collecting responses by online survey forms such as “Google Forms.” The statistical study was undertaken with SPSS version 22 and the Chi-square test was selected to determine the correlation. This study showed that lead aprons were regularly used by 63% of participants during radiation exposure. Thirty percent of participants were aware of radiation protection protocol but neglected to use lead aprons routinely (P = 0.113). About 91% of participants gave more preference for thyroid gland to protect it from dental radiation rather than other head-and-neck organs and 82% of them were using thyroid collars for patients during exposure (P = 0.671). Our survey shows that the usage of lead aprons is practiced strictly by dental practitioners under <5 years of clinical experience. However, dental practitioners and specialists were aware of radiation protective aprons but often neglected to use them in practice.
Prevalence of class I caries in the second mandibular primary molar in 3–6-year-old children
Authors: Varshini Amirtha , Gurunathan Deepa , Padmapriya S.
Published: May 2024

Dental caries is the disease of the oral cavity with serious oral health concern. It affects 50% of the schoolchildren worldwide. The consequences affect quality of life and may lead to socioeconomic crisis. The study was undertaken with the aim to understand the prevalence of class I caries in the second mandibular primary molar in 3–6-year-old children. The data were collected from the institutional patient records between September 2020 and February 2021. Of 6828 children, 100 children with class I caries in the mandibular second molar were included in the study. Data analysis was performed to find the association. On analyzing the correlation between age and prevalence of class I caries, all the age groups (i.e., 3–6 years) have almost equal prevalence of class I caries in both left and right second mandibular primary molars. On analyzing the correlation between gender and prevalence of class I caries, male children constitute about 56% of overall prevalence. About 43% of female children constitute class I caries. From the present study, it shows that there is high prevalence of class I caries in the second mandibular primary molar in children of 3–6 years of age. Knowledge on caries pattern on individual teeth and risk factors will help control and reduce dental caries.
Phytochemical screening, antimalarial activities, and genetic relationship of 16 indigenous Thai Asteraceae medicinal plants
Authors: Liana Desy , Rungsihirunrat Kanchana
Published: May 2024

Emergence of artemisinin resistance leads the people to discover the new candidate for antimalarial drug. Combinatorial phylogeny and ethnobotanical approach may be useful to minimize the expenditure and time in laboratory testing. Seven hundred and thirty-three ethnomedicinal plants were listed from literature search. Obtained 340 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of plant list which met criteria were retrieved from GenBank NCBI and analyzed by MUSCLE and maximum likelihood phylogenetic test to generate the phylogenetic tree. Interactive phylogenetic tree was generated by Interactive Tree of Life (ITOL, https://itol.embl.de) and showed strong clustered pattern on Asteraceae. Afterward, 16 species of Asteraceae were selected to investigate the antimalarial activity, phytochemical, and genetic diversity. The presence of phytochemical was determined by standard method. DNA fluorescence-based assay was performed to determine the antimalarial activity against 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum. IC50μg/mL was used to categorize antimalarial activity. On the other hand, ITS universal primer was used to amplify and sequence the obtained extracted DNA of tested plant by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide method. Phylogenetic analyses were performed by MAFFT and RAxML with automatic bootstrapping. ITOL and Adobe Illustrator were used to generate interactive phylogenetic tree. All species tested showed the presence of phenolics and flavonoids, whereas alkaloids and terpenoids were shown vary among tested extracts. Among 16 species tested, 1 species exhibited good-moderate (Sphaeranthus indicus, IC506.59 μg/mL), 4 weak (Artemisia chinensis, Artemisia vulgaris, Tridax procumbens, and Blumea balsamifera), and 3 very weak (Eupatorium capillifolium, Wedelia trilobata, and Vernonia cinerea). Generated phylogenetic tree by ITS data was able to separate the tested species into their tribal classification. In addition, new medicinal properties of A. chinensis were discovered. Combining phylogeny approach with ethnobotanical data is useful to narrow down the selection of antimalarial plants candidate.
Knowledge, attitude, and awareness regarding the use of composites for orthodontic purposes among dental students
Authors: Dhanasekaran Lekha , Balakrishnan Nivethigaa , Arvind T. R. Prasanna
Published: May 2024

The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the use of composites for orthodontic purposes among dental students. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and awareness. Google Forms was used for the distribution of questions. This is a questionnaire survey based on knowledge, attitude, and awareness regarding the use of composites for orthodontic purposes among dental students; 86% of them had awareness regarding the use of composites for orthodontic purposes, wherein the remaining 14% were not aware. Considering the limitations of the study groups, we can conclude that the knowledge, attitude, and awareness regarding the use of composites for orthodontic purposes among dental students were good. However, there is still a lack of knowledge in few perspectives which can be overcome with continuous dental education programs and lectures