bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magmatic and tectonic extension at the Chile Ridge: Evidence for mantle controls on ridge segmentation
Authors: Howell Samuel M. , Ito Garrett , Behn Mark D. , Martinez Fernando , Olive Jean‐Arthur , Escartín Javier
Published: May 2016

We use data from an extensive multibeam bathymetry survey of the Chile Ridge to study tectonomagmatic processes at the ridge axis. Specifically, we investigate how abyssal hills evolve from axial faults, how variations in magmatic extension influence morphology and faulting along the spreading axis, and how these variations correlate with ridge segmentation. The bathymetry data are used to estimate the fraction of plate separation accommodated by normal faulting, and the remaining fraction of extension, M, is attributed primarily to magmatic accretion. Results show that M ranges from 0.85 to 0.96, systematically increasing from first‐order and second‐order ridge segment offsets toward segment centers as the depth of ridge axis shoals relative to the flanking highs of the axial valley. Fault spacing, however, does not correlate with ridge geometry, morphology, or M along the Chile Ridge, which suggests the observed increase in tectonic strain toward segment ends is achieved through increased slip on approximately equally spaced faults. Variations in M along the segments follow variations in petrologic indicators of mantle melt fraction, both showing a preferred length scale of 50 ± 20 km that persists even along much longer ridge segments. In comparison, mean M and axial relief fail to show significant correlations with distance offsetting the segments. These two findings suggest a form of magmatic segmentation that is partially decoupled from the geometry of the plate boundary. We hypothesize this magmatic segmentation arises from cells of buoyantly upwelling mantle that influence tectonic segmentation from the mantle, up.
Effect of cloud‐scale vertical velocity on the contribution of homogeneous nucleation to cirrus formation and radiative forcing
Authors: Shi X. , Liu X.
Published: May 2016

Ice nucleation is a critical process for the ice crystal formation in cirrus clouds. The relative contribution of homogeneous nucleation versus heterogeneous nucleation to cirrus formation differs between measurements and predictions from general circulation models. Here we perform large‐ensemble simulations of the ice nucleation process using a cloud parcel model driven by observed vertical motions and find that homogeneous nucleation occurs rather infrequently, in agreement with recent measurement findings. When the effect of observed vertical velocity fluctuations on ice nucleation is considered in the Community Atmosphere Model version 5, the relative contribution of homogeneous nucleation to cirrus cloud occurrences decreases to only a few percent. However, homogeneous nucleation still has strong impacts on the cloud radiative forcing. Hence, the importance of homogeneous nucleation for cirrus cloud formation should not be dismissed on the global scale.
Hierarchical Ni–Co Hydroxide Petals on Mechanically Robust Graphene Petal Foam for High‐Energy Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Xiong Guoping , He Pingge , Wang Dini , Zhang Qiangqiang , Chen Tengfei , Fisher Timothy S.
Published: May 2016

A hierarchical structure consisting of Ni–Co hydroxide nanopetals (NCHPs) grown on a thin free‐standing graphene petal foam (GPF) has been designed and fabricated by a two‐step process for pseudocapacitive electrode applications. The mechanical behavior of GPFs has been, for the first time to our knowledge, quantitatively measured from in situ scanning electron microscope characterization of the petal foams during in‐plane compression and bending processes. The Young's modulus of a typical GPF is 3.42 GPa, indicating its outstanding mechanical robustness as a nanotemplate. The GPF/NCHP electrodes exhibit volumetric capacitances as high as 765 F cm−3, equivalent to an areal capacitance of 15.3 F cm−2 and high rate capability. To assess practical functionality, two‐terminal asymmetric solid‐state supercapacitors with 3D GPF/NCHPs as positive electrodes are fabricated and shown to exhibit outstanding energy and power densities, with maximum average energy density of ≈10 mWh cm−3 and maximum power density of ≈3 W cm−3, high rate capability (a capacitance retention of ≈60% at 100 mA cm−2), and excellent long‐term cyclic stability (full capacitance retention over 15 000 cycles).
Exceptional Thermal Conductance across Hydrogen‐Bonded Graphene/Polymer Interfaces
Authors: Zhang Lin , Bai Zhitong , Liu Ling
Published: May 2016

Ineffective heat transfer between dissimilar materials of drastically different properties is a challenge for many areas including nanoelectronics and nanocomposites. Here, using atomistic simulations, it is demonstrated that the thermal conductance across the interfaces between graphene and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) can be improved by 273% by introducing hydrogen‐bond‐capable hydroxyl groups to the interfaces. Stronger than van der Waals interactions, the hydrogen bonds are found to improve the interfacial association, thereby enhancing the coupling of low‐frequency vibrational modes. Using the integrated autocorrelation of interfacial heat power, it is shown directly that the hydrogen bond donors, i.e., oxygen atoms in the hydroxyl groups, build the most effective thermal transport pathways at the graphene/PMMA interfaces. The enhanced interfacial thermal conductance is tunable in a wide range by varying the degree of functionalization, with an upper limit imposed by the saturation of hydrogen bonding. All these results suggest the design of “hydrogen‐bonded material interfaces” for drastically improving interfacial thermal transport toward a wide range of applications.
Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells: Progresses and Perspectives
Authors: Liu Tanghao , Chen Ke , Hu Qin , Zhu Rui , Gong Qihuang
Published: May 2016

During the past 6 years, perovskite solar cells have experienced a rapid development and shown great potential as the next‐generation photovoltaics. For the perovskite solar cells with regular structure (n‐i‐p structure), device efficiency has reached over 20% after the intense efforts of researchers from all over the world. Recently, perovskite solar cells with the inverted structure (p‐i‐n structure) have been becoming more and more attractive, owing to their easy‐fabrication, cost‐effectiveness, and suppressed hysteresis characteristics. Some recent progress in their device performance and stability has indicated their promising future. Here, recent developments and future perspectives about inverted perovskite solar cells are reviewed. Interface engineering, film morphology control, device stability, hysteresis phenomena and other research hotspots are discussed to present the roadmap for the development of inverted perovskite solar cells.
Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of N‐(Substituted)‐1‐methyl‐2,4‐dioxo‐1,2‐dihydroquinazoline‐3(4H)‐carboxamides
Authors: Deepakumari Hemavathi N. , Jayanna Bidarur K. , Prashanth Maralekere K. , Revanasiddappa Hosakere D. , Veeresh Bantal
Published: May 2016

A series of new N‐(substituted)‐1‐methyl‐2,4‐dioxo‐1,2‐dihydroquinazoline‐3(4H)‐carboxamides were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited potent anticonvulsant activities in the maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) test. The most promising compound 4c showed significant anticonvulsant activity with a protective index value of 3.58. The compounds 4a–c were also found to have encouraging anticonvulsant activity in the MES and PTZ screen when compared with the standard drugs, valproate and methaqualone. The same compounds were found to exhibit advanced anticonvulsant activity as well as lower neurotoxicity than the reference drugs.
A Series of COX‐2 Inhibitors Endowed with NO‐Releasing Properties: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Docking Analysis
Authors: Consalvi Sara , Poce Giovanna , Ragno Rino , Sabatino Manuela , La Motta Concettina , Sartini Stefania , Calderone Vincenzo , Martelli Alma , Ghelardini Carla , Di Cesare Mannelli Lorenzo , Biava Mariangela
Published: May 2016

Herein we report the synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking analysis of a class of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitors with nitric oxide (NO)‐releasing properties. In an earlier study, a number of selective COX‐2 inhibitors/NO donors were developed by conjugating a diarylpyrrole scaffold endowed with selective COX‐2 inhibitory properties with various nitrooxyalkyl side chains such as esters, α‐amino esters, amides, α‐amino amides, ethers, β‐amino ethers, inverse esters, and amides. These candidates were found to have high in vitro potencies (COX‐2 inhibition at 10 μm: ≥96 %), great efficacy in determining NO‐vasorelaxing responses, and good antinociceptive activity in an abdominal writhing test. Among the compounds synthesized in the present work, derivative 2 b [2‐(2‐(1‐(3‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐methyl‐5‐(4‐sulfamoylphenyl)‐1H‐pyrrol‐3‐yl)acetamido)ethyl nitrate] showed particularly outstanding activity, with efficacy similar to that of celecoxib even at very low concentrations.
Reactivity of [WCl6] with Ethers: A Joint Computational, Spectroscopic and Crystallographic Study
Authors: Bortoluzzi Marco , Marchetti Fabio , Pampaloni Guido , Zacchini Stefano
Published: May 2016

The reactions of [WCl6] with a series of ethers have been performed in chlorinated solvent and elucidated by means of analytical, spectroscopic and DFT methods. The addition of tetrahydropyran (thp) or 1,4‐dioxane to [WCl6] resulted in the reversible formation of the adducts WCl6···L [L = thp (1a), 1,4‐dioxane (1b)], detected in solution by NMR spectroscopy. The reaction of [WCl6] with thp in a molar ratio of 1:2 in chloroform at reflux afforded [WOCl4(thp)] (2a), which was isolated in 51 % yield. [WOCl4(OMe2)] (2b) and [WOCl3(OMe2)2] (3a) were isolated in yields of 53 and 18 %, respectively, from the reaction of [WCl6] with an excess of dimethyl ether. [WOCl3(OEt2)2] (3b) was the only identified metal compound produced from the reaction of [WCl6] and OEt2 (1:2 molar ratio). According to NMR studies, the oxide ligand in 2a,b and 3a,b was generated by double C–O bond cleavage involving one equivalent of organic reactant. The 1:1 reaction of [WCl6] with 1,2‐diethoxyethane led to [WCl5(κ1‐OCH2CH2OEt)] (4) and a minor amount of [WCl4(κ2‐EtOCH2CH2OEt)] (5). The aryl oxide compound [WCl5(OPh)] (6) was prepared in 62 % yield from the reaction of [WCl6] and anisole by selective Csp3–O bond activation. The prolonged heating of a mixture of [WCl6] and diphenyl ether in 1,2‐dichloroethane led to the isolation of the WV complex [WCl5(OPh2)] (7). The molecular structures of 2a and 3a were ascertained by X‐ray diffraction.
Unexpected Selectivity in Cyclotetrasiloxane Formation by the Hydrolytic Condensation Reaction of Trichloro(phenyl)silane
Authors: Yagihashi Fujio , Igarashi Masayasu , Nakajima Yumiko , Sato Kazuhiko , Yumoto Yoshiyuki , Matsui Chinami , Shimada Shigeru
Published: May 2016

The hydrolytic condensation reaction of PhSiCl3 in aqueous solution forming cyclotetrasiloxane [C6H5SiO(OH)]4 was studied in detail. The reaction, originally reported by J. F. Brown, was believed to provide only one cyclotetrasiloxane diastereomer, cis,cis,cis‐isomer 1. However, our detailed study clearly showed not only the formation of 1 (55.5 % yield) but also the formation of two other diastereomers, the cis,cis,trans isomer (11.9 % yield) and the cis,trans,cis isomer (4.3 % yield), without the formation of the last conceivable trans,trans,trans isomer (<0.1 % yield). A possible mechanism for the selective formation of the three diastereomers was proposed, in which it was assumed that the cyclotetrasiloxanes were formed by cyclization exclusively through the meso diastereomer of the linear tetrasiloxanes but not through the dl diastereomer. This selective cyclization was reasonably explained by considering the stable conformations of the linear tetrasiloxanes in a highly polar aqueous medium.
c‐Src, Insulin‐Like Growth Factor I Receptor, G‐Protein‐Coupled Receptor Kinases and Focal Adhesion Kinase are Enriched Into Prostate Cancer Cell Exosomes
Authors: DeRita Rachel M. , Zerlanko Brad , Singh Amrita , Lu Huimin , Iozzo Renato V. , Benovic Jeffrey L. , Languino Lucia R.
Published: May 2016

It is well known that Src tyrosine kinase, insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF‐IR), and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) play important roles in prostate cancer (PrCa) development and progression. Src, which signals through FAK in response to integrin activation, has been implicated in many aspects of tumor biology, such as cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, Src signaling is known to crosstalk with IGF‐IR, which also promotes angiogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that c‐Src, IGF‐IR, and FAK are packaged into exosomes (Exo), c‐Src in particular being highly enriched in Exo from the androgen receptor (AR)‐positive cell line C4‐2B and AR‐negative cell lines PC3 and DU145. Furthermore, we show that the active phosphorylated form of Src (SrcpY416) is co‐expressed in Exo with phosphorylated FAK (FAKpY861), a known target site of Src, which enhances proliferation and migration. We further demonstrate for the first time exosomal enrichment of G‐protein‐coupled receptor kinase (GRK) 5 and GRK6, both of which regulate Src and IGF‐IR signaling and have been implicated in cancer. Finally, SrcpY416 and c‐Src are both expressed in Exo isolated from the plasma of prostate tumor‐bearing TRAMP mice, and those same mice have higher levels of exosomal c‐Src than their wild‐type counterparts. In summary, we provide new evidence that active signaling molecules relevant to PrCa are enriched in Exo, and this suggests that the Src signaling network may provide useful biomarkers detectable by liquid biopsy, and may contribute to PrCa progression via Exo. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 66–73, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MRI quantification of human spine cartilage endplate geometry: Comparison with age, degeneration, level, and disc geometry
Authors: DeLucca John F. , Peloquin John M. , Smith Lachlan J. , Wright Alexander C. , Vresilovic Edward J. , Elliott Dawn M.
Published: May 2016

Geometry is an important indicator of disc mechanical function and degeneration. While the geometry and associated degenerative changes in the nucleus pulposus and the annulus fibrosus are well‐defined, the geometry of the cartilage endplate (CEP) and its relationship to disc degeneration are unknown. The objectives of this study were to quantify CEP geometry in three dimensions using an MRI FLASH imaging sequence and evaluate relationships between CEP geometry and age, degeneration, spinal level, and overall disc geometry. To do so, we assessed the MRI‐based measurements for accuracy and repeatability. Next, we measured CEP geometry across a larger sample set and correlated CEP geometric parameters to age, disc degeneration, level, and disc geometry. The MRI‐based measures resulted in thicknesses (0.3–1 mm) that are comparable to prior measurements of CEP thickness. CEP thickness was greatest at the anterior/posterior (A/P) margins and smallest in the center. The CEP A/P thickness, axial area, and lateral width decreased with age but were not related to disc degeneration. Age‐related, but not degeneration‐related, changes in geometry suggest that the CEP may not follow the progression of disc degeneration. Ultimately, if the CEP undergoes significant geometric changes with aging and if these can be related to low back pain, a clinically feasible translation of the FLASH MRI‐based measurement of CEP geometry presented in this study may prove a useful diagnostic tool. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1410–1417, 2016.
Thermal stratification in small arctic lakes of southwest Greenland affected by water transparency and epilimnetic temperatures
Authors: Saros Jasmine E. , Northington Robert M. , Osburn Christopher L. , Burpee Benjamin T. , John Anderson Nicholas
Published: May 2016

We assessed which factors control summer epilimnion thickness in arctic lakes of southwest Greenland. A suite of 22 lakes that thermally stratify was measured in the summer of 2013; a sub‐set of eight of the lakes was measured again in 2014, which was a warmer summer than 2013. Regression analysis of the 22 lakes indicated that the 1% attenuation depth for photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was the strongest single predictor (R2 = 0.75) of epilimnion thickness across lakes; the addition of epilimnion temperature to the PAR model explained additional variability (R2 = 0.79). The importance of including temperature in the model was apparent in the results of model validation as well as when comparing across years: while the 1% PAR was 0.4–2 m deeper in 2014 compared with 2013, water temperatures were 2–3°C higher, resulting in July epilimnion thicknesses that were equal to or shallower than in 2013. In these lakes with low color dissolved organic carbon (DOC), multiple factors control the 1% PAR, including absorbance at 440 nm (a440), 380 nm (a380), and 320 (a320), chlorophyll a (Chl a) and DOC concentration. In 2014, when 1% PAR was deeper than in 2013, a380, Chl a and DOC were lower in six of the eight lakes. Our results reveal that the thermal structure of these arctic lakes is under complex control by air temperatures and factors that affect PAR attenuation, particularly Chl a and DOC quality, suggesting that continued warming in the Arctic will have strong effects on lake stratification.
Diphenylphosphino Styrene‐Containing Homopolymers: Influence of Alkylation and Mobile Anions on Physical Properties
Authors: Jangu Chainika , Schultz Alison R. , Wall Candace E. , Esker Alan R. , Long Timothy E.
Published: May 2016

Conventional free radical polymerization and post‐alkylation of 4‐diphenylphosphino styrene (DPPS) generate a new class of high‐molecular‐weight phosphonium‐containing homopolymers with tunable thermal, viscoelastic, and wetting properties. Post‐alkylation and subsequent anion exchange provide an effective method for tuning Tg values and thermal stability as a function of alkyl chain length and counteranion selection (X−, BF4−, TfO−, and Tf2N−). Rheological characterization facilitates the generation of time–temperature–superposition (TTS) pseudomaster curves and subsequent analysis of frequency sweeps at various temperatures reveals two relaxation modes corresponding to long‐range segmental motion and the onset of viscous flow. Contact angle measurements reveal the influence of counteranion selection on wetting properties, revealing increased contact angles for homopolymers containing nucleophilic counteranions. These investigations provide fundamental insight into phosphonium‐containing polymers, aiming to guide future research and applications involving electro‐active polymeric devices.

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Optimal control approach to dengue reduction and prevention in Cali, Colombia
Authors: Sepulveda Lilian S. , Vasilieva Olga
Published: May 2016

The aim of this paper is to propose optimal strategies for dengue reduction and prevention in Cali, Colombia. For this purpose, we consider two variants of a simple dengue transmission model, epidemic and endemic, each of which is amended with two control variables. These variables express feasible control actions to be taken by an external decision‐maker. First control variable stands for the insecticide spraying and thus targets to suppress the vector population. The second one expresses the protective measures (such as use of repellents, mosquito nets, and insecticide‐treated clothes) that are destined to reduce the number of contacts (bites) between female mosquitoes (principal dengue transmitters) and human individuals. We use the Pontryagin's maximum principle in order to derive the optimal strategies for dengue control and then perform the cost‐effectiveness analysis of these strategies in order to choose the most sustainable one in terms of cost–benefit relationship. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐frequency electromagnetic scattering by a metal torus in a lossless medium with magnetic dipolar illumination
Authors: Vafeas Panayiotis
Published: May 2016

The present contribution is concerned with an analytical presentation of the low‐frequency electromagnetic fields, which are scattered off a highly conductive ring torus that is embedded within an otherwise lossless ambient and interacting with a time‐harmonic magnetic dipole of arbitrary orientation, located nearby in the three‐dimensional space. Therein, the particular 3‐D scattering boundary value problem is modeled with respect to the solid impenetrable torus‐shaped body, where the toroidal geometry fits perfectly. The incident, the scattered, and the total non‐axisymmetric magnetic and electric fields are expanded in terms of positive integral powers of the real‐valued wave number of the exterior medium at the low‐frequency regime, whereas the static Rayleigh approximation and the first three dynamic terms provide the most significant part of the solution, because all the additional terms are small contributors and, hence, they are neglected. Consequently, the typical Maxwell‐type physical problem is transformed into intertwined either Laplace's or Poisson's potential‐type boundary value problems with the proper conditions, attached to the metallic surface of the torus. The fields of interest assume representations via infinite series expansions in terms of standard toroidal eigenfunctions, obtaining in that way analytical closed‐form solutions in a compact fashion. Although this mathematical procedure leads to infinite linear systems for every single case, these can be readily and approximately solved at a certain level of desired accuracy through standard cut‐off techniques. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the global existence of weak solution for a multiphasic incompressible fluid model with Korteweg stress
Authors: Calgaro Caterina , Ezzoug Meriem , Zahrouni Ezzeddine
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we study a multiphasic incompressible fluid model, called the Kazhikhov–Smagulov model, with a particular viscous stress tensor, introduced by Bresch and co‐authors, and a specific diffusive interface term introduced for the first time by Korteweg in 1901. We prove that this model is globally well posed in a 3D bounded domain. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UWB bandpass filters with triple notched band characteristics implemented using wave cancellation technique
Authors: Gholipoor Mahsa , Amin Honarvar M. , Virdee Bal. S.
Published: May 2016

A novel planar bandpass filter structure is proposed with quasi‐elliptic response for ultra‐wideband (UWB) applications, that enables incorporation of triple notch bands within its passband response. The filter design is based on wave cancellation technique which is implemented by first splitting and then combining the signal. The split signals are processed through filtering structures that generate triple notch bands within the passband of the UWB filter response, as well as transmission zeros at the lower and upper cutoff frequencies to enhance the filter's selectivity. The UWB filter designed and fabricated has tri‐notch bands centered at 5.4, 5.8, and 8.2 GHz. The proposed filter is highly compact and miniature with dimensions of 20.7 × 9.8 mm2. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1875–1879, 2016
On‐chip tri‐band bandpass filters using square ring open‐stub loaded resonator on GaAs substrate
Authors: Wu Qinghua , Cui Hengrong , Sun Pengfei , Sun Hao , Sun Xiaowei
Published: May 2016

The design and fabrication of novel on‐chip tri‐band bandpass filters using square ring open‐stub loaded resonator are presented. The open stub‐loaded transmission line is introduced to produce tri‐band characteristic and improve band‐to‐band isolation. Theory analysis indicated four transmission zeros can be obtained and independent controlled three central frequencies give the structure more convenience and flexibility. To validate the proposed structure, a tri‐band bandpass filter centered at frequencies of 1.8 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 3.5 GHz on GaAs substrate is designed and fabricated. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1958–1961, 2016
Physical activity, self‐efficacy and self‐esteem in breast cancer survivors: a panel model
Authors: Awick Elizabeth A. , Phillips Siobhan M. , Lloyd Gillian R. , McAuley Edward
Published: May 2016

Purpose

Physical activity (PA) has been consistently associated with improved self‐esteem in breast cancer survivors. However, this relationship is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine whether changes in PA and self‐efficacy influenced changes in self‐esteem in breast cancer survivors across 6 months. Increases in PA were hypothesized to result in increases in self‐efficacy, which were hypothesized to influence increases in physical self‐worth (PSW) and global self‐esteem.

Methods

Breast cancer survivors (n = 370; Mage = 56.04) wore accelerometers to measure PA and completed measures of self‐efficacy (e.g., exercise and barriers self‐efficacy), PSW, and global self‐esteem at baseline and 6 months.

Results

The hypothesized model provided a good fit to the data (χ2 = 67.56, df = 26, p < 0.001; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.98; standardized root mean residual = 0.05). Women with higher activity at baseline reported significantly higher levels of barrier (β = 0.29) and exercise (β = 0.23) self‐efficacy. In turn, more efficacious women reported significantly higher PSW (β = 0.26, 0.16). Finally, higher PSW was significantly associated with greater global self‐esteem (β = 0.47). Relationships were similar among changes in model constructs over 6 months. After controlling for covariates, the hypothesized model provided an excellent fit to the data (χ2 = 59.93, df = 33, p = 0.003; comparative fit index = 0.99; standardized root mean residual = 0.03).

Conclusion

Our findings provide support for the role played by PA and self‐efficacy in positive self‐esteem, a key component of well‐being. Highlighting successful PA mastery experiences is likely to enhance self‐efficacy and improve self‐esteem in this population. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Induced hydrophobicity in micro‐ and nanostructured nickel thin films obtained by ultraviolet pulsed laser treatment
Authors: Framil Carpeño David , Dickinson Michelle , Seal Christopher , Hyland Margaret
Published: May 2016

Abstractauthoren Nickel thin films were deposited on Ti6Al4V and surface treated with nanosecond pulse ultraviolet laser in ambient conditions using a fluence of 3.68 J cm−2. A twofold to threefold increase in contact angle was observed for water, ethylene glycol, and diiodomethane following laser treatment, with recorded contact angles for water in excess of 130°. No additional treatment was used to hydrophobize the surface. Three different micro‐ and nanometric levels of roughness were generated on the thin film surface, which can be related to the rastering parameters of the laser and to the increase in apparent contact angle. Melt droplets were identified as a main contribution to the nanometric roughness level, indicating that melting and melt ejection play an important role in surface nanostructuring.

Micro‐ and nanopatterning obtained after UV laser treatment of nickel thin films, highlighting the different scales of the generated features.
Thermal conductivity of nanocrystalline diamond films grown by hot filament chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Mohr Markus , Brühne Kai , Fecht Hans‐Jörg
Published: May 2016

Nanocrystalline diamond films were grown by hot filament chemical vapor deposition. The thermal conductivity of the films was measured using the 3ω‐method. Nanocrystalline diamond films grown under the presented growth conditions are rather homogeneous in film properties within the entire film thickness and deposited area. The considerably smaller thermal conductivities, compared to single crystal diamond can be explained by an influence of the grain boundaries with varying grain sizes. We use a theoretical approach to describe the thermal conductivity of nanocrystalline materials to characterize the grain boundaries thermal boundary conductivity also with respect to the growth conditions.
Rewarding Self‐Initiated Expatriates: A Skills‐Based Approach
Authors: Kim Kowoon , Halliday Cynthia Saldanha , Zhao Yue , Wang Chen , Von Glinow Mary Ann
Published: May 2016

Expatriate compensation is considered one of the most difficult issues in expatriate policy, yet it is an important area of international HRM since it can attract and retain high‐skilled employees, increasing satisfaction and reducing turnover. Most of the literature on expatriate compensation has focused on traditional organizational expatriates (OEs). This article uses insights from the OE compensation literature to discuss the compensation of an overlooked group of expatriates known as self‐initiated expatriates (SIEs). We first define SIEs, discuss their motivations to pursue an expatriate experience, and categorize them into three different groups based on their skill level. Then we focus the discussion on rewarding high‐skilled SIEs, a valuable group of expatriates that are receiving increased attention by MNEs. We argue that to attract high‐skilled SIEs, HR managers should consider using more nonfinancial rewards in addition to financial rewards. This article has implications for both academic research and organizational practice. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical Characterization of Six Microalgae with Potential Utility for Food Application
Authors: Matos Ângelo Paggi , Feller Rafael , Moecke Elisa Helena Siegel , de Oliveira José Vladimir , Junior Agenor Furigo , Derner Roberto Bianchini , Sant'Anna Ernani Sebastião
Published: May 2016

Microalgae contain high levels of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, and have found a useful application in enhancing the nutritional value of foods. These organisms can also synthesize long‐chain fatty acids in the form of triacylglycerols, such as α‐linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), linolenic acid (LA), γ‐linolenic acid (GLA) and arachidonic acid (AA). The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and measure protein, carbohydrates, fibers, lipids as well as the fatty acids composition of six microalgae species with potential application in the food industry. Two freshwater species, Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis, and four marine species, Nannochloropsis oculata, Nannochloropsis gaditana, Porphyridium cruentum, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, were used in the experiments. Intracellular protein was the most prominent algal component (42.8–35.4 %), followed by carbohydrate + fiber (32.3–28.6 %), and lipids (15.6–5.3 %). N. gaditana is rich in saturated fatty acids, mainly palmitic acid (5.1 g/100 g), while the cells of S. platensis and C. vulgaris algae are abundant in GLA (1.9 g/100 g) and ALA (2.8 g/100 g) acids, respectively. P. cruentum differs from other algae, because it contains a large amount of AA (3.7 g/100 g). The marine microorganisms N. oculata and P. tricornutum are also a source of essential long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA‐ɷ3), mainly composed of EPA and DHA. Our results suggest that the freshwater species C. vulgaris and S. platensis are attractive nutritional supplements because of their low fiber and high protein/carbohydrate contents, while the marine species P. tricornutum and N. oculata can enrich foods with LC‐PUFA‐ω3, because of their favorable ω3/ω6 ratio.
Ambientes controlados: Reseña del libro Domesticity in the Making of Modern Science
Authors: Mercado Reyes Agustín
Published: May 2016

Ambientes controlados: Resena˜ del libro Domesticity in the Making of Modern Science
Comparative evaluation of healing response between colo-colic invagination anastomosis and single-layer running suture. Experimental study in dogs
Authors: Nogueira Miguel Augusto Arcoverde , Regadas Francisco Sérgio Pinheiro , Bezerra Carlos Renato Sales , Figueiredo Welligton Ribeiro , Filho Erbert Portela Martins
Published: May 2016

Objective Evaluate healing response of colo-colic anastomosis by invagination vs. single-layer suture.

Methods Sixty dogs were randomly distributed in two groups and anastomosed with single-layer suture (G-I, control) or by invagination and cardinal sutures (G-II, study). In the end, the animals were euthanized (10 from each group on POD7 and 20 on POD21) and the anastomosed segment was retrieved for histology and immunohistochemistry. Parameters included body weight, adhesions, edema, vasoproliferation, type I and III collagen, myeloperoxidase and nitric oxide. Findings were analyzed with Student's t test and the Mann–Whitney test.

Results No animal died prior to euthanasia. The groups were similar with regard to all parameters: median weight 10.86 kg (G-I) and 9.98 kg (G-II) on POD7 (p = 0.41) and 11.86 kg (G-I) and 11.55 kg (G-II) on POD21 (p = 0.71); abdominal adhesions (p = 0.7383 POD7; p = 0.5685 POD21), level of edema (p = 0.3006 POD7; p = 0.7990 POD21), vasoproliferation (p = 0.1191 POD7; p = 0.0758 POD21), type I collagen (p = 0.4591 POD7; p = 0.3357 POD21), type III collagen (p = 0.2166 POD7; p = 0.2712 POD21), nitric oxide (p = 0.3980 POD7; p = 0.4796 POD21) and myeloperoxidase (p = 0.580 POD7; p = 0.755 POD21).

Conclusion No significant difference in healing response was observed between the two anastomosis techniques (single-layer suture and invagination).
Angiotensinogen and HLA class II predict bevacizumab response in recurrent glioblastoma patients
Authors: Urup Thomas , Michaelsen Signe Regner , Olsen Lars Rønn , Toft Anders , Christensen Ib Jarle , Grunnet Kirsten , Winther Ole , Broholm Helle , Kosteljanetz Michael , Issazadeh-Navikas Shohreh , Poulsen Hans Skovgaard , Lassen Ulrik
Published: May 2016

Background

Bevacizumab combination therapy is among the most frequently used treatments in recurrent glioblastoma and patients who achieve response to bevacizumab have improved survival as well as quality of life. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to identify predictive biomarkers for bevacizumab response in recurrent glioblastoma patients.

Methods

The study included a total of 82 recurrent glioblastoma patients treated with bevacizumab combination therapy whom were both response and biomarker evaluable. Gene expression of tumor tissue was analyzed by using a customized NanoString platform covering 800 genes. Candidate gene predictors associated with response were analyzed by multivariate logistic and Cox regression analysis.

Results

Two genes were independently associated with response: Low expression of angiotensinogen (2‐fold decrease in AGT; OR = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.45–4.17; P = 0.0009) and high expression of a HLA class II gene (2‐fold increase in HLA‐DQA1; OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.01–1.47; P = 0.04). These two genes were included in a model that is able predict response to bevacizumab combination therapy in clinical practice. When stratified for a validated prognostic index, the predictive model for response was significantly associated with improved overall survival.

Conclusion

Two genes (low angiotensinogen and high HLA‐class II expression) were predictive for bevacizumab response and were included in a predictive model for response. This model can be used in clinical practice to identify patients who will benefit from bevacizumab combination therapy.
Females report higher postoperative pain scores than males after ankle surgery
Authors: Storesund Anette , Krukhaug Yngvar , Olsen Marit Vassbotten , Rygh Lars Jørgen , Nilsen Roy M. , Norekvål Tone M.
Published: May 2016

Graphical Abstract
New methodology combining neural network and extended great deluge algorithms for the ATR-42 wing aerodynamics analysis
Authors: Ben Mosbah A. , Botez R.M. , Dao T.-M.
Published: May 2016

The fast determination of aerodynamic parameters such as pressure distributions, lift, drag and moment coefficients from the known airflow conditions (angles of attack, Mach and Reynolds numbers) in real time is still not easily achievable by numerical analysis methods in aerodynamics and aeroelasticity. A flight parameters control system is proposed to solve this problem. This control system is based on new optimisation methodologies using Neural Networks (NNs) and Extended Great Deluge (EGD) algorithms. Validation of these new methodologies is realised by experimental tests using a wing model installed in a wind tunnel and three different transducer systems (a FlowKinetics transducer, an AEROLAB PTA transducer and multitube manometer tubes) to determine the pressure distribution. For lift, drag and moment coefficients, the results of our approach are compared to the XFoil aerodynamics software and the experimental results for different angles of attack and Mach numbers. The main purpose of this new proposed control system is to improve, in this paper, wing aerodynamic performance, and in future to apply it to improve aircraft aerodynamic performance.
Tobacco intervention research in low- and middle-income countries: lessons learned and future directions
Authors: Ward Kenneth D.
Published: May 2016

Treating tobacco dependence is paramount for global tobacco control efforts, but is often overshadowed by other policy priorities. As stated by Jha (2009), “cessation by current smokers is the only practical way to avoid a substantial proportion of tobacco deaths worldwide before 2050.” Its importance is codified in Article 14 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), and in the WHO's MPOWER package of effective country-level policies. Unfortunately, only 15% of the world's population have access to appropriate cessation support (WHO, 2015). Moreover, parties to the FCTC have implemented only 51% of the indicators within Article 14, on average, which is far lower than many other articles (WHO, 2014). Further, commenting on the use of “O” measures (Offer help to quit tobacco use) in the MPOWER acronym, WHO recently concluded, “while there has been improvement in implementing comprehensive tobacco cessation services, this is nonetheless a most under-implemented MPOWER measure in terms of the number of countries that have fully implemented it” (WHO, 2015). To the detriment of global tobacco control efforts, only one in eight countries provides comprehensive cost-covered services, only one in four provide some cost coverage for nicotine replacement therapy, and fewer than one third provide a toll-free quit line (WHO, 2015).
Henry Boynton Smith and Church History in Nineteenth-Century America
Authors: Aubert Annette G.
Published: May 2016

Henry Boynton Smith (1815–1877) was one of the few nineteenth-century American scholars committed to disseminating German methods of ecclesiastical historiography to a country known for its anti-historical tendencies. However, modern scholars have generally overlooked his significant contributions in this area. Hence exploring his scholarly reception and specifically his History of the Church of Christ, in Chronological Tables will fill a niche in the historiography of church history.

Philip Schaff (1819–1893), the renowned church historian and founder of the American Society of Church History, was one of the few contemporaries of Smith who understood that Smith's scholarship was on a par with that being produced in Germany. Schaff specifically praised Smith's chronological tables—evidence of Smith's German education among some of the best German historians of the period, including Leopold von Ranke and August Neander. This essay reviews Smith's History of the Church of Christ, in Chronological Tables in the context of the newly emerging scientific history and describes his contribution to nineteenth-century American scholarship. Smith is worthy of attention for establishing a central position for the history of doctrine and for promoting the field of church history and the use of chronological tables in nineteenth-century America.
American Christians and the Emptiness of Death
Authors: Thuesen Peter J.
Published: May 2016

My office is the antithesis of emptiness. I am not sure how many books I have managed to cram into a 9 by 12 room, but suffice it to say I have used every available space, even to the point of violating the university's fire code. A year ago, when the fire marshal came around for a routine inspection, he informed me that I could not stack books all the way to the ceiling on top of 6-foot bookshelves but had to leave at least 12 inches' clearance. He told me he would be back for a repeat inspection in a couple of months. This forced me to do some culling—an excruciating task. So over spring break, I reluctantly downsized. Though every book now stood properly upright on a shelf, there was not an inch left anywhere in which to fit even one more volume.
Ethnicisation, Marriage and Early Christian Identity: Critical Reflections on 1 Corinthians 7, 1 Peter 3 and Modern New Testament Scholarship
Authors: Horrell David G.
Published: May 2016

In the discipline of New Testament studies there are particular reasons for critical vigilance concerning the ways in which historical reconstructions can be shaped by a sense of both religious and ethnic or racial superiority. This risk applies specifically to the contrasting depictions of Judaism and Christianity, and it is notable that, despite the changing phases of scholarship, the tendency to replicate a dichotomy between an ethnically particular Judaism and a universal, open, trans-ethnic Christianity persists. As one facet of a critical consideration of this dichotomy, this essay considers two specific texts that contribute to the ethnicisation of early Christian identity: 1 Corinthians 7 and 1 Peter 3. In the former, Paul develops two principles that are significant in the ethnicisation process: endogamy as norm for the contraction of marriage (1 Cor 7.39) and the assumption that children with a Christian parent (even in a so-called ‘mixed marriage’) are part of the Christian community (1 Cor 7.14). The later household codes further develop this idea that the household is a place for the reproduction and generation of Christian identity. In 1 Pet 3.1–6, part of the letter's household code where mixed marriage is again an issue, two features of the text are of particular interest: its focus on a ‘way of life’ (ἀναστροφή) and the connections drawn between conduct and ancestry. In both of these respects, 1 Peter seems to be constructing a form of group-identity that shares features in common with Jewish notions of group-belonging in the period. The ‘ethnicising’ features of these texts raise questions about any categorical contrast between Jewish ethnicity and Christian inclusive trans-ethnicity. Why then is such a depiction of the Christian achievement – which in many ways parallels depictions of modern Western political liberalism – so enduring and appealing within the discipline? It is suggested that the answer must be sought in the religious and ethnic or racial location of that scholarly tradition.
Blobbed topological recursion: properties and applications
Authors: BOROT GAËTAN , SHADRIN SERGEY
Published: May 2016

We study the set of solutions (ωg,n)g⩾0,n⩾1of abstract loop equations. We prove that ωg,nis determined by its purely holomorphic part: this results in a decomposition that we call “blobbed topological recursion”. This is a generalisation of the theory of the topological recursion, in which the initial data (ω0,1, ω0,2) is enriched by non-zero symmetric holomorphic forms innvariables (φg,n)2g−2+n>0. In particular, we establish for any solution of abstract loop equations: (1) a graphical representation of ωg,nin terms of φg,n; (2) a graphical representation of ωg,nin terms of intersection numbers on the moduli space of curves; (3) variational formulas under infinitesimal transformation of φg,n; (4) a definition for the free energies ωg,0=Fgrespecting the variational formulas. We discuss in detail the application to the multi-trace matrix model and enumeration of stuffed maps.
Partial differential equations and stochastic methods in molecular dynamics
Authors: Lelièvre Tony , Stoltz Gabriel
Published: May 2016

The objective of molecular dynamics computations is to infer macroscopic properties of matter from atomistic models via averages with respect to probability measures dictated by the principles of statistical physics. Obtaining accurate results requires efficient sampling of atomistic configurations, which are typically generated using very long trajectories of stochastic differential equations in high dimensions, such as Langevin dynamics and its overdamped limit. Depending on the quantities of interest at the macroscopic level, one may also be interested in dynamical properties computed from averages over paths of these dynamics.

This review describes how techniques from the analysis of partial differential equations can be used to devise good algorithms and to quantify their efficiency and accuracy. In particular, a crucial role is played by the study of the long-time behaviour of the solution to the Fokker–Planck equation associated with the stochastic dynamics.
Public Access Bleeding Control: Enhancing Local Resilience
Authors: Levy Matthew J.
Published: May 2016

LevyMJ. Public Access Bleeding Control: enhancing local resilience. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(3):235–236.
Predicting upcoming information in native-language and non-native-language auditory word recognition
Authors: DIJKGRAAF ASTER , HARTSUIKER ROBERT J. , DUYCK WOUTER
Published: May 2016

Monolingual listeners continuously predict upcoming information. Here, we tested whether predictive language processing occurs to the same extent when bilinguals listen to their native language vs. a non-native language. Additionally, we tested whether bilinguals use prediction to the same extent as monolinguals. Dutch–English bilinguals and English monolinguals listened to constraining and neutral sentences in Dutch (bilinguals only) and in English, and viewed target and distractor pictures on a display while their eye movements were measured. There was a bias of fixations towards the target object in the constraining condition, relative to the neutral condition, before information from the target word could affect fixations. This prediction effect occurred to the same extent in native processing by bilinguals and monolinguals, but also in non-native processing. This indicates that unbalanced, proficient bilinguals can quickly use semantic information during listening to predict upcoming referents to the same extent in both of their languages.
More Education, Better Jobs? A Critical Review of CCTs and Brazil's Bolsa Família Programme for Long-Term Poverty Reduction
Authors: Jones Hayley
Published: May 2016

Conditional cash transfers have come to play a prominent role in the social policy landscape in Latin America and especially in Brazil in recent years. Evaluations of their impacts, however, have focused on limited short-term outcomes, particularly consumption and school enrolment and attendance rates. Long-term outcomes have received comparatively little attention. This article reviews the existing evidence on the long-term impacts of CCTs, focusing on the underlying assumptions in the CCT model for intergenerational poverty reduction. In doing so, it questions the notion that CCTs can indeed interrupt the intergenerational cycle of poverty through human capital investments that are thought to lead to expanded opportunities in the labour market. Moreover, it highlights the need for more research on the social processes that may influence young beneficiaries’ life trajectories and experiences in poverty.