bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subjective economic inequality evokes interpersonal objectification
Authors: Cheng Lei , Wang Xijing , Jetten Jolanda , Klebl Christoph , Li Zifei , Wang Fang
Published: March 2024

Interpersonal objectification, treating people as tools and neglecting their essential humanness, is a pervasive and enduring phenomenon. Across five studies (N = 1183), we examined whether subjective economic inequality increases objectification through a calculative mindset. Study 1 revealed that the perceptions of economic inequality at the national level and in daily life were positively associated with objectification. Studies 2 and 3 demonstrated a causal relationship between subjective economic inequality and objectification in a fictitious organization and society, respectively. Moreover, the effect was mediated by a calculative mindset (Studies 3–4). In addition, lowering a calculative mindset weakened the effect of subjective inequality on objectification (Study 4). Finally, increased objectification due to subjective inequality further decreased prosociality and enhanced exploitative intentions (Study 5). Taken together, our findings suggest that subjective economic inequality increases objectification, which further causes adverse interpersonal interactions.
Early post‐operative lactate increase following kidney transplant is associated with delayed graft function: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Deniau Benjamin , Sen Juliane , Chaussard Maïté , Boutin Louis , Coutrot Maxime , Guillemet Lucie , Plaud Benoit , Depret François , Dudoignon Emmanuel
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Delayed graft function (DGF) is a frequent complication following kidney transplant. This study aimed to assess the association between early post‐operative lactate variation and DGF.

Methods

This was a single center, retrospective cohort study between February 2021 and December 2022 in Saint–Louis Hospital (APHP, France). Venous lactate levels were measured immediately (H0) and 4 h (H4) after kidney transplant. The primary outcome was the occurrence of DGF (need for renal replacement therapy between transplantation and day 7). Secondary outcome was the occurrence of complications (i.e., death, vascular thrombosis, hemorrhagic shock, urological complications (hematoma, urinoma), local or systemic infection) between transplant and day 7.

Results

Two hundred 12 patients were included, and 38 (17.9%) developed DGF. Venous lactate variation between H0 and H4 was higher in patients who developed DGF (−30 (IQR −83, −6)% vs. −15 (IQR −62, −11)%, p = .037), but the variation of level was more often positive (corresponding to an increased lactate production over time between H0 and H4) in patients who developed DGF ((28(85%) vs. 94(62%), p = .011). In multivariate logistic regression, positive venous lactate level variation between H0 and H4 was strongly associated with a reduced risk of developing DGF (OR .30 [.09–.79], p = .024). We did not find any association between post‐operative hyperlactatemia and occurrence of complications between transplant and day 7.

Discussion

DGF is a frequent complication following kidney transplantation. Its early prediction could help physicians optimize treatment and protect the kidney. Early venous lactate variation after kidney transplant could help to predict the occurrence of DGF.
Specialisation in frog‐biting midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae): A landscape perspective
Authors: Geisler Eduardo de Farias , de Campos Leonardo Leite Ferraz , Carvalho‐Rocha Vítor , Ferreira Anthony Santana , Dayrell Jussara Santos , Pereira Rafaela Caroline dos Santos , Dantas Silionamã Pereira , Melinski Ramiro Dario , Lima Albertina Pimentel , de Pinho Luiz Carlos , Magnusson William Ernest
Published: March 2024

Generally, competition excludes pairs of phylogenetically close species across the landscape. However, habitat, food and behaviour differentiation facilitate co‐occurrence of syntopic species. The taxa of frog‐biting midges Corethrella are assumed to be specialists on calling male frogs, but little is known about how habitat gradients and frog‐species composition influence their distribution and permit their coexistence in continuous landscapes.

Our aims were to understand how environmental gradients in habitat, sound frequencies and frog‐species composition influence Corethrella spp. distributions and if habitat and sound frequencies segregate their occurrence across a landscape. We also investigated if habitat selection reduces co‐occurrence of species that share similar acoustic niches. The study was conducted in 20 permanent plots in Central Amazonia using different sound attractants as baits to capture Corethrella species.

Habitat gradients, sound frequencies and frog‐species composition all influenced distributions of Corethrella spp. However, these factors do little to avoid Corethrella co‐occurrence, and habitat selection did not reduce co‐occurrence of species attracted to the same sound frequencies. These results suggest that competition is unlikely to affect the distribution of adults and that other aspects, such as competition in the larval phase, may be more important to permit their coexistence.

The two most abundant species showed strong negative correlations in abundances, potentially indicating competition among these species, but larval habitat specialisation is likely to be the most important cause of this pattern.
Tissue fibrosis associated depletion of lipid‐filled cells
Authors: Jussila Anna , Zhang Brian , Kirti Sakin , Atit Radhika
Published: March 2024

Fibrosis is primarily described as the deposition of excessive extracellular matrix, but in many tissues it also involves a loss of lipid or lipid‐filled cells. Lipid‐filled cells are critical to tissue function and integrity in many tissues including the skin and lungs. Thus, loss or depletion of lipid‐filled cells during fibrogenesis, has implications for tissue function. In some contexts, lipid‐filled cells can impact ECM composition and stability, highlighting their importance in fibrotic transformation. Recent papers in fibrosis address this newly recognized fibrotic lipodystrophy phenomenon. Even in disparate tissues, common mechanisms are emerging to explain fibrotic lipodystrophy. These findings have implications for fibrosis in tissues composed of fibroblast and lipid‐filled cell populations such as skin, lung, and liver. In this review, we will discuss the roles of lipid‐containing cells, their reduction/loss during fibrotic transformation, and the mechanisms of that loss in the skin and lungs.
Persistence of fish populations to longer, more intense, and more frequent mass mortality events
Authors: Langangen Øystein , Durant Joël M.
Published: March 2024

Over the last decades, mass mortality events have become increasingly common across taxa with sometimes devastating effects on population biomass. In the aquatic environment, fish are sensitive to mass mortality events, particularly at the early life stages that are crucial for population dynamics. However, it has recently been shown for fish, that a single mass mortality event in early life typically does not lead to population collapse. Moreover, the frequency and intensity of extreme events that can cause mass mortality, such as marine heatwaves, are increasing. Here, we show that increasing frequency and intensity of mass mortality events may lead to population collapse. Since the drivers of mass mortality events are diverse, and often linked to climate change, it is challenging to predict the frequency and severity of future mass mortality events. As an alternative, we quantify the probability of population collapse depending on the frequency and intensity as well as the duration of mass mortality events. Based on 39 fish species, we show that the probability of collapse typically increases with increasing frequency, intensity, and duration of the mortality events. In addition, we show that the collapse depends on key traits such as natural mortality, recruitment variation, and density dependence. The presented framework provides quantitative estimates of the sensitivity of fish species to these increasingly common extreme events, which paves the way for potential mitigation actions to alleviate adverse impacts on harvested fish populations across the globe.
Evolutionary history and environmental variability structure contemporary tropical vertebrate communities
Authors: Hsieh Chia , Gorczynski Daniel , Bitariho Robert , Espinosa Santiago , Johnson Steig , Lima Marcela Guimarães Moreira , Rovero Francesco , Salvador Julia , Santos Fernanda , Sheil Douglas , Beaudrot Lydia
Published: March 2024

Aim

Tropical regions harbour over half of the world's mammals and birds, but how their communities have assembled over evolutionary timescales remains unclear. To compare eco‐evolutionary assembly processes between tropical mammals and birds, we tested how hypotheses concerning niche conservatism, environmental stability, environmental heterogeneity and time‐for‐speciation relate to tropical vertebrate community phylogenetic and functional structure.

Location

Tropical rainforests worldwide.

Time period

Present.

Major taxa studied

Ground‐dwelling and ground‐visiting mammals and birds.

Methods

We used in situ observations of species identified from systematic camera trap sampling as realized communities from 15 protected tropical rainforests in four tropical regions worldwide. We quantified standardized phylogenetic and functional structure for each community and estimated the multi‐trait phylogenetic signal (PS) in ecological strategies for the four regional species pools of mammals and birds. Using linear regression models, we test three non‐mutually exclusive hypotheses by comparing the relative importance of colonization time, palaeo‐environmental changes in temperature and land cover since 3.3 Mya, contemporary seasonality in temperature and productivity and environmental heterogeneity for predicting community phylogenetic and functional structure.

Results

Phylogenetic and functional structure showed non‐significant yet varying tendencies towards clustering or dispersion in all communities. Mammals had stronger multi‐trait PS in ecological strategies than birds (mean PS: mammal = 0.62, bird = 0.43). Distinct dominant processes were identified for mammal and bird communities. For mammals, colonization time and elevation range significantly predicted phylogenetic clustering and functional dispersion tendencies respectively. For birds, elevation range and contemporary temperature seasonality significantly predicted phylogenetic and functional clustering tendencies, respectively, while habitat diversity significantly predicted functional dispersion tendencies.

Main conclusions

Our results reveal different eco‐evolutionary assembly processes structuring contemporary tropical mammal and bird communities over evolutionary timescales that have shaped tropical diversity. Our study identified marked differences among taxonomic groups in the relative importance of historical colonization and sensitivity to environmental change.
Root‐zone enrichment of soil organic carbon and nitrogen under grazing and other land uses in a humid‐temperate region
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan
Published: March 2024

Grazing lands can be considered a conservation land use providing value to farmers and society. An underappreciated value of these lands may be in C and N storage and cycling. However, soil organic C (SOC) and total soil N (TSN) storage under humid‐temperate zone pastures have not been well characterized. A survey of 31 farms in Virginia USA characterized SOC and TSN depth distributions under a diversity of grassland management scenarios, as well as in comparison with long‐term no‐till cropland and woodland uses on the same farms. Root‐zone enrichment calculations separated management‐controlled SOC and TSN stocks from a baseline condition characterized at 30‐cm depth. Total stock of SOC at 0–30‐cm depth varied from 46 to 88 Mg C ha−1 (5%–95% range from 304 soil profiles) across all land uses. Root‐zone enrichment of SOC was maximized under mature pastures (≥20 years old) at 38.3 ± 1.6 Mg C ha−1, which was not different from that under woodland (39.8 ± 1.2 Mg C ha−1), but was greater than under no‐till cropland (28.3 ± 1.3 Mg C ha−1) and conventional‐till cropland (15.1 ± 5.1 Mg C ha−1). Root‐zone enrichment of TSN was optimized at stocking rate of ~1 Mg live weight ha−1, but was not affected by stocking method, N fertilization history, or low levels of hay feeding. These results suggest that grazed pastures in Virginia are storing significant amounts of SOC and TSN, with at least half due to management‐induced compared with pedogenic‐controlled accumulation.
Assessment of weight gain in adult patients living with HIV receiving first‐line dolutegravir‐based or efavirenz‐based ART regimens in routine care clinics in Tshwane district, South Africa: An observational study
Authors: Sawry Shobna , Ayalew Kassahun , Maimela Gloria , Briggs‐Hagen Melissa , van Wyk‐Heath Marelize , Mthethwa Simangele , Shai Sannie , Mngomezulu Nkululeko N. , Tlhowe Lawrence , Achere‐Darko Josephine , Bedford Jason , Martin Catherine E. , Fairlie Lee , Imrie John
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Although dolutegravir (DTG) is deemed stable, safe, cost‐effective, and clinically beneficial, it also carries the risk of side effects, including observed weight gain among patients on DTG‐based antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. We compared weight changes among adults (≥18 years) initiating tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine, and dolutegravir (TLD) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine, and efavirenz (TEE) regimens and those switching from TEE to TLD (TEE‐to‐TLD switchers) in three large primary care facilities in South Africa

Methods

We conducted a retrospective longitudinal record review using patient medical records, extracting relevant demographic and clinical data from October 2018 to June 2021 from randomly selected adults who initiated TLD or TEE (initiators) and adult TEE‐to‐TLD switchers. We assessed weight, body mass index (BMI), and percentage weight changes for both groups and fitted linear regression and generalized linear models to determine factors associated with weight and BMI change and percentage weight change ≥10%, respectively, among treatment initiators. We fitted linear mixed‐effect models among TEE‐to‐TLD switchers to consider repeated measures.

Results

Of 860 initiators, 450 (52.3%) initiated on TEE and 410 (47.7%) on TLD, with median follow‐up of 1.4 years and 1.0 year, respectively. At initiation, 43.3% on TEE and 40.8% on TLD were overweight or obese. TLD initiators had an adjusted higher mean weight gain of 1.6 kg (p < 0.001) and mean BMI gain of 0.51 kg/m2 (p < 0.001) than TEE initiators. Independent risk factors for higher mean weight and BMI included age ≥50 years, male, on ART for >12 months, initial BMI of <18.5 kg/m2, and CD4 counts <200 cells/μL.

Of 298 TEE‐to‐TLD switchers, 36.6% were overweight or obese at TEE initiation. Comparing before and after TLD switch, TEE‐to‐TLD switchers had an adjusted mean weight of 1.2 kg less while on TLD (p = 0.026). Being overweight and CD4 counts >350 cells/μL were independent risk factors for lower weight gain after TLD switch.

Conclusions

We report more weight gain among TLD than among TEE initiators, although to a lesser extent than previously reported. TEE‐to‐TLD switchers experienced less weight gain after TLD switch; return to health before receiving TLD may be a contributory factor. The current findings are reassuring for those switching to a DTG‐based regimen
A comprehensive study of dielectric, modulus, impedance, and conductivity of SrCeO3 synthesized by the combustion method
Authors: Verma Harish , Tripathi Arpita , Upadhyay Shail
Published: March 2024

In this work, perovskite oxide SrCeO3 was synthesized using the solution combustion method (SCM). Synthesized samples have been characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, ultra violet (UV)–visible spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The XRD and Rietveld refinement has confirmed the orthorhombic structure with space group Pnma. The average grain size of this ceramic sample is 1.2 µm. The dielectric constant, dissipation factor, modulus, impedance, and alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) conductivities were analyzed in the temperature range RT to 600°C and frequency range 20 Hz–2 MHz. Further, it was observed that the role of grain boundaries in dielectric and electrical properties is significant, at low temperatures. The origin of the dielectric relaxation and conduction process is the same. The activation energy for DC conduction (Edc) was found to be .79 eV. Electrical conduction/relaxation is assigned to the diffusion of doubly ionized oxygen (Vo··). The value of DC conductivity (1.2 × 10−3 Ω−1 cm−1 at 600°C) and activation energy of .79 eV is very close to the values reported for doped CeO2‐based oxide ion conductors for SOFCs. This study has demonstrated that SrCeO3 can be an alternative candidate for the oxide ion conductor electrolyte application and the potential to be used as a thermally stable capacitor application for microwave dielectric applications.
The efficacy of nursing interventions in preventing surgical site infections in patients undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease
Authors: He Ping , Hai Yue
Published: March 2024

Surgical site infections (SSIs) pose significant risks to patients undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD), impacting recovery and increasing healthcare burdens. This study assesses the efficacy of targeted nursing interventions in reducing SSIs and enhancing wound healing in this vulnerable patient group. A prospective cohort study was conducted from January 2022 to August 2023 at a single institution, involving 120 paediatric patients divided into control (standard postoperative care) and observation (specialized nursing interventions) groups. Nursing interventions included preoperative disinfection, strategic use of antibiotics, rigorous aseptic techniques and comprehensive postoperative care. Inclusion criteria encompassed a broad spectrum of CHD patients, while exclusion criteria aimed to minimize confounders. The Institutional Ethics Committee approved the study protocols. Baseline characteristics were comparable across groups, ensuring homogeneity. The observation group exhibited significantly lower SSI rates (1.7%) compared to the control group (11.6%), with a notable increase in optimal wound healing (Grade A) outcomes (73.3% vs. 30%). The differences in healing efficacy and infection rates between the two groups were statistically significant, emphasizing the effectiveness of the targeted nursing interventions in enhancing postoperative recovery for paediatric patients undergoing CHD surgery. The study demonstrates that targeted nursing interventions can significantly reduce SSI rates and improve wound healing in paediatric CHD surgery patients. These results underscore the importance of specialized nursing care in postoperative management. Future research, including larger‐scale clinical trials, is necessary to validate these findings and develop comprehensive nursing care guidelines for this population.
The correlation between domestic violence awareness and attitudes toward child marriage: The case of Turkey
Authors: Gülbetekin Eda , Yildirim Sait
Published: March 2024

Problem

The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between domestic violence awareness and attitudes toward child marriages among individuals living in Iğdır city.

Method

The correlational survey model was used in the study. The sample consisted of 814 adult individuals who lived in Iğdır city, did not have any health problem, and volunteered to participate in the study between September 2022 and January 2023. Personal Information Form, Domestic Violence Awareness Scale, and Attitude Toward Child(Girls) Marriages Scale were used to collect data. Data were obtained through online environment and face‐to‐face interview.

Findings

It was found that 59.5% of the sample group were female and 27% were aged between 18 and 24 years. 61.9% of the participants were married and 88.1% were married when they were over the age of 18. In addition, 51.9% were university graduates while 50.9% of them stated that they had witnessed domestic violence. The results of the study revealed that while the variables of gender, age, marital status, education level, and place of residence affected the attitudes toward child marriages, the variables of gender, age, age at marriage, education level, place of residence and witnessing domestic violence affected domestic violence awareness. Furthermore, when examining the scales used, it was concluded that the attitude toward child marriages affected the awareness of domestic violence.

Conclusion

Since domestic violence and child marriages are very common, it is recommended to conduct further studies on these issues and to identify support systems that will increase the awareness of the society on these issues.
Exosomal circSTRBP from cancer cells facilitates gastric cancer progression via regulating miR‐1294/miR‐593‐3p/E2F2 axis
Authors: Wang Yin , Zou Rong , Li Deke , Gao Xiankui , Lu Xingjun
Published: March 2024

CircRNAs represent a new class of non‐coding RNAs which show aberrant expression in diverse cancers, such as gastric cancer (GC). circSTRBP, for instance, is suggested to be overexpressed in GC cells and tissues. However, the biological role of circSTRBP in the progression of GC and the potential mechanisms have not been investigated. circSTRBP levels within GC cells and tissues were measured by RT‐qPCR. The stability of circSTRBP was assessed by actinomycin D and Ribonuclease R treatment. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion and in vitro angiogenic abilities after circSTRBP knockdown were analysed through CCK‐8 assay, transwell culture system and the tube formation assay. The interaction of circSTRBP with the predicted target microRNA (miRNA) was examined by RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. Xenograft tumour model was established to evaluate the role of exosomal circSTRBP in the tumour formation of GC cells. circSTRBP was upregulated in GC cells and tissues, and there was an increased level of circSTRBP in GC‐derived exosomes. circSTRBP in the exosomes enhanced GC cell growth and migration in vitro, which modulates E2F Transcription Factor 2 (E2F2) expression through targeting miR‐1294 and miR‐593‐3p. Additionally, exosomal circSTRBP promoted the tumour growth of GC cells in the xenograft model. Exosomal circSTRBP is implicated in the progression of GC by modulating the activity of miR‐1294/miR‐593‐3p/E2F2 axis.
MAOB expression correlates with a favourable prognosis in prostate cancer, and its genetic variants are associated with the metastasis of the disease
Authors: Huang Hsiang‐Ching , Hsieh Yi‐Hsien , Hsiao Chi‐Hao , Lin Chia‐Yen , Wang Shian‐Shiang , Ho Kuo‐Hao , Chang Lun‐Ching , Huang Huei‐Mei , Yang Shun‐Fa , Chien Ming‐Hsien
Published: March 2024

Monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), a neurotransmitter‐degrading enzyme, was reported to reveal conflicting roles in various cancers. However, the functional role of MAOB and impacts of its genetic variants on prostate cancer (PCa) is unknown. Herein, we genotyped four loci of MAOB single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs1799836 (A/G), rs3027452 (G/A), rs6651806 (A/C) and rs6324 (G/A) in 702 PCa Taiwanese patients. We discovered that PCa patients carrying the MAOB rs6324 A‐allele exhibited an increased risk of having a high initial prostate‐specific antigen (iPSA) level (>10 ng/mL). Additionally, patients with the rs3027452 A‐allele had a higher risk of developing distal metastasis, particularly in the subpopulation with high iPSA levels. In a subpopulation without postoperative biochemical recurrence, patients carrying the rs1799836 G‐allele had a higher risk of developing lymph node metastasis and recurrence compared to those carrying the A‐allele. Furthermore, genotype screening in PCa cell lines revealed that cells carrying the rs1799836 G‐allele expressed lower MAOB levels than those carrying the A‐allele. Functionally, overexpression and knockdown of MAOB in PCa cells respectively suppressed and enhanced cell motility and proliferation. In clinical observations, correlations of lower MAOB expression levels with higher Gleason scores, advanced clinical T stages, tumour metastasis, and poorer prognosis in PCa patients were noted. Our findings suggest that MAOB may act as a suppressor of PCa progression, and the rs3027452 and rs1799836 genetic variants of MAOB are linked to PCa metastasis within the Taiwanese population.
Depression and anxiety among nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Longitudinal results over 2 years from the multicentre VOICE–EgePan study
Authors: Grasmann Lenja , Morawa Eva , Adler Werner , Schug Caterina , Borho Andrea , Geiser Franziska , Beschoner Petra , Jerg‐Bretzke Lucia , Albus Christian , Weidner Kerstin , Mogwitz Sabine , Baranowski Andreas M. , Erim Yesim
Published: March 2024

Aims

To examine symptoms of depression and generalised anxiety among nurses over 2 years during the pandemic and compare them to the general population.

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic has led to a significant increase in mental stress among the population worldwide. Nursing staff have been identified as being under remarkable strain.

Design

A multicentre prospective longitudinal study.

Methods

Symptoms of depression and generalised anxiety in 507 nurses were examined at four different time points (T1: April–July 2020, T2: November 2020–January 2021, T3: May–July 2021, T4: February–May 2022). Results were compared with values of the German general population, presence of gender‐specific differences was analysed and frequencies of clinically relevant levels of depression and anxiety were determined.

Results

Throughout the study (T1–T4), a significant increase in depressive and anxiety symptoms was observed. At all four measurement time points, nurses showed significantly higher prevalence for depression and anxiety compared to the German general population. No significant gender differences were found. Frequencies for probable depression and generalised anxiety disorder among nurses were: 21.6% and 18.5% (T1), 31.4% and 29.2% (T2), 29.5% and 26.2% (T3), 33.7% and 26.4% (T4).

Conclusion

During the pandemic, symptoms of depression and generalised anxiety among nurses increased significantly and remained elevated. Their symptom levels were permanently higher than in the general population. These findings strongly suggest that the circumstances of the pandemic severely affected nurses´ mental health.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The COVID‐19 pandemic caused a great mental strain on caregivers. This study was able to demonstrate the significant increase in depression and anxiety among nurses during the pandemic. It highlights the urgent need for prevention, screening and support systems in hospitals.

Implications for the Profession

Supportive programmes and preventive services should be developed, not least to prevent the growing shortage of nurses in the health care systems.

Reporting Method

The study adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines. The STROBE checklist for cohort study was used as the reporting method.

Patient Contribution

Five hundred and seven nurses completed the questionnaire and provided data for analysis.

Trial and Protocol Registration

The study was registered with the German Clinical Trials Register (https://drks.de/search/en) under the following ID: DRKS00021268.
The effectiveness of brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions for cancer patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Sitao , Song Huali , Liu Qian , Zhao Mingzhu , Bai Xuechun , Ding Yiwen , Chen Li , Yin Huiru
Published: March 2024

Aim

To determine the effectiveness of brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions in alleviating psychological distress in cancer patients.

Background

Cancer patients suffer tremendous psycho‐spiritual pain, which affects their quality of life. Brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions have demonstrated positive effects on the mental health of cancer patients; however, the efficacy of these interventions has been inconsistent.

Design

A systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

This review was conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 checklist provided by the EQUATOR network. The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus databases were systematically searched from inception to 27 November 2022 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in English.

Results

Twenty studies involving 1744 cancer participants were included. The meta‐analysis showed statistically significant effects of brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions on hope, anxiety and depression at post‐intervention. A separate analysis revealed that brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions had a sustainable effect on hope, spiritual well‐being, anxiety and depression at 1 month after the intervention. However, no statistically significant effect on quality of life was found in our study either immediately after the intervention or at 1 month.

Conclusions

Brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions can significantly reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms and improve hope and spiritual well‐being in cancer patients.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

This study further supports that brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions should be incorporated into the routine care of cancer patients to address their psychosocial distress.

Patient or Public Contribution

All authors of this article contributed to the study conception and design. All authors of the included studies provided original data for this paper.
Effect of different framework materials on stresses induced in distal extension removable partial dentures: A strain gauge analysis
Authors: Fahmy Maha Mahmoud , Al‐Afandy Mahmoud Hassan , Mohamed Hebatallah Tarek , Abdelfattah Mohamed Ahmed Mostafa
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Evaluation of the strain transmitted to the abutments and residual ridge by polyetherketoneketone material compared to the cobalt‐chromium one in distal extension removable partial dentures (RPDs) to fulfill the objective of preservation of the supporting structures.

Materials and Methods

A virtual model simulating a Kennedy class I partially edentulous mandibular arch was designed. Two models, one for each group, were printed. Five RPDs were made in each group. In group CR, the framework was milled from a cobalt‐chromium alloy. While in group PK, it was milled from a polyetherketoneketone blank. Strain gauge rosettes were bonded distal to the last abutment and posteriorly in the distal end of the residual ridge. Unilateral vertical and oblique loadings were applied. Mann‐Whitney U test was used for inter‐group comparisons while the Friedman test was used for intra‐group comparisons and corrected by Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank Sum. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results

During unilateral vertical load application, a statistically significant difference was found between both groups distal to the abutment in the loaded and unloaded sides as well as the residual ridge on the unloaded side. During oblique load application, a statistically significant difference was found between both groups in all slots.

Conclusion

Polyetherketoneketone material induces less stress on the abutments and more stress on the residual ridges compared to the cobalt‐chromium ones. Therefore, it may be recommended for weak abutments supporting RPDs.
Health‐literacy, self‐efficacy and health‐outcomes of patients undergoing haemodialysis: Mediating role of self‐management
Authors: Hsu Shu‐Hua , Lin Yu‐Li , Koo Malcolm , Creedy Debra K. , Tsao Ying
Published: March 2024

Background

Health literacy, self‐efficacy and self‐management are known to influence health‐related well‐being. However, the precise influence of self‐management, health literacy and self‐efficacy on health outcomes in Asian countries is under‐researched.

Objectives

To examine the impact of health literacy and self‐efficacy (independent variables) and self‐management (mediator) on patients' health outcomes (dependent variable).

Design

An observational, cross‐sectional design was conducted between 1 March 2022 and 31 August 2022.

Participants

Outpatients receiving haemodialysis (n = 200) at a Taiwanese medical centre were assessed.

Measurements

The survey included demographic questions and standardised scales: the 3‐item Brief Health Literacy Screen, the 8‐item Perceived Kidney/Dialysis Self‐Management Scale as a measure of self‐efficacy, and the 20‐item Haemodialyses Self‐Management Instrument. Health outcomes were responses on the 12‐item Short‐Form Health Survey version 2 and clinical blood results from the past 3 months.

Results

Participants aged over 60 exhibited common comorbidities, with 34% showing low health literacy. Biochemical markers (e.g., haemoglobin and albumin) significantly correlated with physical and mental health scores. Mediating coefficients revealed that self‐management significantly influenced associations between health outcomes, health literacy (β = 0.31; p < 0.01), and self‐efficacy (β = 0.19; p < 0.01).

Implications for Practice

Self‐management can modify the overall influence of health literacy and self‐efficacy on patients' quality of physical and emotional health. When managing a chronic condition, ‘knowing’ how to self‐manage does not always result in ‘doing so’ by the patient. Continuous monitoring and promoting self‐management behaviours and support by nurses are crucial to enhance health outcomes.
Significance of Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi as kernel rot of sweet chestnut in Turkey
Authors: Çakar Deniz
Published: March 2024

Chestnut nut rots caused by fungi, especially by Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi, showed a significant increase not only in Turkey but also in the other chestnut‐producing countries. In this study, the prevalence of chestnut kernel rot was determined by using 800 fruits collected from eight significant chestnut‐growing provinces of Turkey located in the Black Sea, Marmara, and Aegean Regions. Six types of kernel rot symptoms were determined from the necrotic nuts, brown rot being the most common accounting for 62% of the necrotic nuts. Along with G. smithogilvyi, seven additional fungal species Colletotrichum fioriniae, C. godetiae, Cryphonectria parasitica, Diplodina agrifoliae, Fusarium concentricum, Fusarium tricinctum, and Trichothecium roseum were found to be associated with kernel rot. In addition, some other ubiquitous fungi such as Penicillium spp. were detected. All the pathogenic fungi were identified through a combination of morphological traits and phylogenetic analysis involving partial internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, as well as tef1 and tub2 loci sequences. The most frequently isolated fungus was G. smithogilvyi, and it was found at 98, 31, 10, and 1 of the necrotic kernels out of 291 showing brown rot, brown to black rot, cream colour decay, and white rot symptoms, respectively. It was not found from the kernels showing green rot and greenly‐blue rot symptoms. G. smithogilvyi was prevalent in six of eight chestnut‐growing locations in Turkey. Based on the findings, G. smithogilvyi was shown to be the main fungal agent of brown kernel rot of chestnuts, and some of the other fungi obtained from the kernels were shown to contribute kernel rots of chestnuts.
The enigma of genetic adaptation in a panmictic pine
Authors: Duffy Karl J.
Published: March 2024

This article is a Commentary on Bruxaux et al. (2024), 243: 1231–1246.
Transcriptomic changes associated with oral immunotherapy for food allergy
Authors: Ashley Sarah E. , Bosco Anthony , Tang Mimi L. K.
Published: March 2024

This review summarizes recent advances in characterizing the transcriptional pathways associated with outcomes following Oral Immunotherapy. Recent technological advances including single‐cell sequencing are transforming the ways in which the transcriptional landscape is understood. The application of these technologies is still in its infancy in food allergy but here we summarize current understanding of gene expression changes following oral immunotherapy for food allergy and specific signatures underpinning the different clinical outcomes of desensitization and remission (sustained unresponsiveness). T helper 2A cells have been identified as a cell type which correlates with disease activity and is modified by treatment. Molecular features at study entry may differentiate individuals who achieve more positive outcomes during OIT. Recent findings point to T cell anergy and Type 1 interferon pathways as potential mechanisms supporting redirection of the allergen‐specific immune response away from allergy towards remission. Despite these developments in our understanding of immune mechanisms following OIT, there are still significant gaps. Additional studies examining immune signatures associated with long term and well‐defined clinical outcomes are required to gain a more complete understanding of the pathways leading to remission of allergy, in order to optimize treatments and gain improved outcomes for patients.
COBRAPed cohort: Do sensitization patterns differentiate children with severe asthma from those with a milder disease?
Authors: Lejeune Stéphanie , Bouazza Naïm , Nicaise Pascale Roland , Jolaine Valérie , Roditis Léa , Marguet Christophe , Amat Flore , Berger Patrick , Fayon Michael , Dubus Jean‐Christophe , Valois Sophie , Reix Philippe , Pellan Mathieu , Brouard Jacques , Chiron Raphael , Giovannini‐Chami Lisa , de Blic Jacques , Deschildre Antoine , Lezmi Guillaume ,   the COBRAPed Study Group
Published: March 2024

Background

It is unclear whether sensitization patterns differentiate children with severe recurrent wheeze (SRW)/severe asthma (SA) from those with non‐severe recurrent wheeze (NSRW)/non‐severe asthma (NSA). Our objective was to determine whether sensitization patterns can discriminate between children from the French COBRAPed cohort with NSRW/NSA and those with SRW/SA.

Methods

IgE to 112 components (c‐sIgE) (ImmunoCAP® ISAC) were analyzed in 125 preschools (3–6 years) and 170 school‐age children (7–12 years). Supervised analyses and clustering methods were applied to identify patterns of sensitization among children with positive c‐sIgE.

Results

We observed c‐sIgE sensitization in 51% of preschool and 75% of school‐age children. Sensitization to house dust mite (HDM) components was more frequent among NSRW than SRW (53% vs. 24%, p < .01). Sensitization to non‐specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) components was more frequent among SA than NSA (16% vs. 4%, p < .01) and associated with an FEV1/FVC < −1.64 z‐score. Among sensitized children, seven clusters with varying patterns were identified. The two broader clusters identified in each age group were characterized by “few sensitizations, mainly to HDM.” One cluster (n = 4) with “multiple sensitizations, mainly to grass pollen, HDM, PR‐10, and nsLTP” was associated with SA in school‐age children.

Conclusions

Although children with wheeze/asthma display frequent occurrences and high levels of sensitization, sensitization patterns did not provide strong signals to discriminate children with severe disease from those with milder disease. These results suggest that the severity of wheeze/asthma may depend on both IgE‐ and non‐IgE‐mediated mechanisms.
The impact of party competition on LGBTI+ rights: Evidence from Spanish autonomous regions (1990–2022)
Authors: Cantó Joel , Arregui Javier
Published: March 2024

Political competition accelerates the enactment of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans*, and intersexual rights (LGBTI+) due to the dynamic, rational behavior of mainstream parties across the political aisle to adapt to the sociopolitical environment. We argue that LGBTI+ social movements capitalize on median voter shifts combined with the rising pressure of ideologically close challenger parties to enact legislation. To examine this argument, we employ quantitative event history analysis with a unique dataset with measures for social movement, institutional, political, and sociocultural dimensions across 33 years in Spanish subnational arenas. We find that rising leftist and liberal contenders challenging dominant center‐left and center‐right parties, respectively, widen the opportunity political structure of LGBTI+ organizations. Ultimately, rising political fragmentation in a multiparty, multidimensional party system turns both left and right mainstream parties into allies of LGBTI+ organizations, which propose new legislation, due to political platforms seeking to preserve and enhance their electoral base.

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Burnett, Craig M., and Aaron S. King. 2015. “The Personal Politics of Same‐Sex Marriage.” Politics & Policy 43(4): 586–610. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12126.

Lewis, Gregory B., Marc A. Rogers, and Kenneth Sherrill. 2011. “Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Voters in the 2000 US Presidential Election.” Politics & Policy 39(5): 655–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00315.x.

Skipworth, Sue Ann, Andrew Garner, and Bryan J. Dettrey. 2010. “Limitations of the Contact Hypothesis: Heterogeneity in the Contact Effect on Attitudes toward Gay Rights.” Politics & Policy 38(5): 887–906. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00262.x.
Implementation of nutritional care in hospitals: A qualitative study of barriers and facilitators using implementation theory
Authors: Nielsen Lærke Prietzel , Thomsen Krista Horsholt , Alleslev Camilla , Mikkelsen Sabina , Holst Mette
Published: March 2024

Background

Disease‐related malnutrition is prevalent among hospitalised patients, but not all patients achieve the needed nutritional care. At a Danish University Hospital, focus has been on implementing nutritional practices based on clinical guidelines, but there is continuously variation between the wards regarding the quality of nutritional care.

Aim

The aim of this study was to identify the potential barriers and facilitators for implementation of the clinical guidelines for nutritional practices and to recommend suggestions for development of nutritional practices, using a theoretical implementation strategy.

Method

The design was a qualitative interview study of employees at a Danish University Hospital, using a semi‐structured interview guide. The participants were nurses, nurse's assistant, nurse nutrition expert, head nurse and dieticians. We recruited 11 employees, representing eight different wards.

Findings

The analysis identified six themes: (1) clear allocation of responsibilities and committed management enhances nutrition practices, (2) leadership support is essential, (3) physical settings and tools affect possibilities for action, (4) selection of equivalent staff is core, (5) teaching promotes the knowledge and skills and (6) a dietitian in the ward facilitates implementation of nutritional care. Barriers and facilitators among the themes were identified and has led to suggestions to strengthen nutritional care, based on implementation theory.

Conclusion

Various factors were identified as having impact on the implementation of nutrition practices and different suggestions have emerged to accommodate those factors, as well as to apply an implementation strategy to facilitate change in practice.
The prosecutor gender gap in Texas death penalty cases
Authors: Niven David , Rock Mallory
Published: March 2024

Objective

We examine the degree to which sentencing patterns in Texas capital cases vary by the gender of the prosecutor. In so doing, we explore the possibility that a factor unrelated to the crime influences whether the death penalty is sought and whether it is imposed.

Methods

Across more than 14,000 capital cases prosecuted in Texas between 1978 and 2018, we use bivariate data and logistic regression to explore the relationship between prosecutor gender and the sentences sought and imposed in capital cases. We control for various details of the crime, victim and defendant demographics, and political variables.

Results

Bivariate data reveal that women district attorneys pursued fewer death sentences and ultimately produced fewer death sentences than men. A logistic regression estimates capital case defendants were over 30 percent more likely to be sentenced to death if they faced a male district attorney than a female district attorney.

Conclusion

The difference in death penalty imposition based on prosecutor gender is consistent with a theory of masculine focal concerns which suggests differences in the sentencing decision‐making processes of women and men. The results contribute to a growing collection of evidence showing that death penalty cases are affected by factors other than the severity of the crime and the culpability of the defendant, suggesting that case outcomes are subject to “arbitrary” influences that the courts have otherwise deemed suspect and potentially unacceptable.
Homomorphic encryption domain asymmetric fingerprinting scheme for 3D models of oblique photography
Authors: Liu Shuaikang , Zhang Liming , Tan Tao , Wang Lei , Wang Pengbin , Zhang Ziyi , Zhang Mingwang
Published: March 2024

Existing copyright protection schemes for 3D models of oblique photography predominantly utilize digital watermarking technology, most of which suffer from shortcomings such as the potential false accusation of legitimate users and the inability to effectively trace unauthorized distributors. In response to these challenges, this article proposes a homomorphic encryption domain asymmetric fingerprinting scheme for 3D models of oblique photography. Initially, the fingerprints to be embedded are collaboratively generated by the transacting parties, with the publisher remaining unaware of the user's actual fingerprint. This approach ensures the effective implementation of the asymmetric nature of the fingerprinting scheme. Subsequently, potential geometric and non‐geometric attacks are considered prior to fingerprint embedding. Robustness is enhanced for the proposed solution through relative coordinate transformations and normalization procedures. Ultimately, the embedding and extraction of fingerprints are achieved through the application of an effective bit parity check method, in conjunction with the vertex‐paradigm projection length mapping mechanism and the Paillier homomorphic encryption system, minimizing embedding distortion while ensuring data security. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed solution exhibits satisfying robustness against common manipulations, such as cropping, simplification, and geometric attacks. Additionally, the scheme effectively safeguards legitimate users from false accusations and accurately traces maliciously authorized users.
A Principles-Focused Evaluation of a Coach Education Program
Authors: Campbell Sara , Hall Jori N. , McCullick Bryan
Published: March 2024

There is little evidence that coach developers have put research on coach education programs (CEPs) to use. Thus, the purpose of this study was to conduct a principles-focused evaluation of a CEP. Principles-focused evaluation posits an evaluation should be judged by whether it produces information that is useful to program stakeholders. The evaluation took place over 17 months and included three phases. In Phase 1, the evaluator assessed and built readiness for the evaluation. In Phase 2, the evaluator worked with five practitioners from the CEP to develop a list of principles guiding the program. In Phase 3, the evaluator and CEP practitioners collaboratively designed and implemented an evaluation of the principles. The evaluation findings revealed how the practitioners applied the principles, along with which principles were meaningful to them. These findings were used to make changes to the original list of principles and to teach others in the program about the principles. Moreover, the practitioners underwent changes in thinking and behavior as a result of participating in the evaluation. This study demonstrates the potential of program evaluation, evaluation theories, collaborative inquiry, and renewed focus on how, or if, findings are used by practitioners.