bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sleep, Sex Steroid Hormones, Sexual Activities, and Aging in Asian Men
Authors: Goh Victor H.‐H. , Tong Terry Y.‐Y.
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT: This was a cross‐sectional study to examine the different associations of age and sleep duration with sex steroid hormones and sexual activities in 531 Asian Chinese men aged between 29 and 72 years old. Sleep duration and sexual activities were evaluated through a self‐administered questionnaire, and total testosterone (T), sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG), estradiol (E2), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were measured by established immunoassay methods in a single blood sample collected between 8:00 and 11:00 am. Bioavailable T (BioT) was calculated using the Vermeulen formula. Age was a major determinant of sleep, sex steroid hormones, and sexual activities in men. BioT, DHEAS, coital frequency, masturbation, and sleep duration declined with age. On the other hand, SHBG and E2 increased with age. Sleep duration, independently of age, aerobic exercise, and body fat, was positively associated with T and BioT, but not with DHEAS, E2, or any of the sexual activities studied. Men who masturbated had higher levels of both T and BioT. DHEAS was significantly associated with coital frequency and desire for sex. The present study showed that besides age, sleep duration was associated with androgen concentrations in men, and thus the evaluation of sleep hygiene may be beneficial in the management of men with low androgen concentrations. DHEAS may be independently associated with some sexual functions in men.
Bactericidal/Permeability‐Increasing Protein Is Associated With the Acrosome Region of Rodent Epididymal Spermatozoa
Authors: Yano Rieko , Matsuyama Takuya , Kaneko Takane , Kurio Hitoshi , Murayama Emi , Toshimori Kiyotaka , Iida Hiroshi
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT: To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in sperm maturation during epididymal transit, we intended to isolate secretory molecules that are region‐specifically expressed along the epididymis and secreted into the lumen of epididymal ducts. By using differential display screening and DNA sequence analyses, we isolated a rat bactericidal/permeability‐increasing protein (BPI) possessing a signal sequence at its N‐terminal, which was expressed in the caput region of epididymis, but not in the caudal region. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis and in situ hybridization showed that rat BPI messenger RNA (mRNA) was highly expressed in caput epididymal epithelium and that its expression level was developmentally up‐regulated. Confocal laser scanning microscopy with the anti‐BPI antibody revealed that in both rats and mice, BPI protein was detected on granulelike structures in the lumen of both caput and cauda epididymal ducts, as well as at the sperm surface covering the acrosome region in spermatozoa freshly isolated from epididymis. Acrosome reaction induced by calcium ionophore A23187 in vitro brought about the disappearance of BPI on mouse spermatozoa. These data suggested that BPI, which is synthesized in caput epididymis and secreted into the lumen, is associated with not only the granulelike structures, but also the sperm surface covering the acrosome region, and that BPI bound to the acrosome region is extinguished by acrosome reaction. Possibly BPI bound to the sperm surface covering the acrosome region in rodent spermatozoa is involved in sperm maturation or fertilization.
Interpreting true arithmetic in the -enumeration degrees
Authors: Kent Thomas F.
Published: March 2010

We show that there is a first order sentence φ(x: a, b, l) such that for every computable partial order and -degree u > 0e, there are -enumeration degrees a ≤ u, b, and l such that . Allowing to be a suitably defined standard model of arithmetic gives a parameterized interpretation of true arithmetic in the -enumeration degrees. Finally we show that there is a first order sentence that correctly identifies a subset of the standard models, which gives a parameterless interpretation of true arithmetic in the -enumeration degrees.
Towards applied theories based on computability logic
Authors: Japaridze Giorgi
Published: March 2010

Computability logic (CL) is a recently launched program for redeveloping logic as a formal theory of computability, as opposed to the formal theory of truth that logic has more traditionally been. Formulas in it represent computational problems, “truth” means existence of an algorithmic solution, and proofs encode such solutions. Within the line of research devoted to finding axiomatizations for ever more expressive fragments of CL, the present paper introduces a new deductive system CL12 and proves its soundness and completeness with respect to the semantics of CL. Conservatively extending classical predicate calculus and offering considerable additional expressive and deductive power, CL12 presents a reasonable, computationally meaningful, constructive alternative to classical logic as a basis for applied theories. To obtain a model example of such theories, this paper rebuilds the traditional, classical-logicbased Peano arithmetic into a computability-logic-based counterpart. Among the purposes of the present contribution is to provide a starting point for what, as the author wishes to hope, might become a new line of research with a potential of interesting findings—an exploration of the presumably quite unusual metatheory of CL-based arithmetic and other CL-based applied systems.
On changing cofinality of partially ordered sets
Authors: Gitik Moti
Published: March 2010

It is shown that under GCH every poset preserves its cofinality in any cofinality preserving extension. On the other hand, starting with ω measurable cardinals, a model with a partial ordered set which can change its cofinality in a cofinality preserving extension is constructed.
A theoretical study of the mechanism of the addition reaction between carbene and azacyclopropane
Authors: Tan Xiaojun , Li Ping , Wang Weihua , Zheng Gengxiu , Wang Qiufen
Published: March 2010

The mechanism of the addition reaction between carbene and azacyclopropane was investigated using the second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2). By using the 6-311+G* basis set, geometry optimization, vibrational analysis and the energy properties of the involved stationary points on the potential energy surface were calculated. From the surface energy profile, it can be predicted that there are two reaction mechanisms. The first one (1) is carbene attack at the N atom of azacyclopropane to form an intermediate, 1a (IM1a), which is a barrierfree exothermic reaction. Then, IM1a can isomerize to IM1b via a transition state 1a (TS1a), in which the potential barrier is 30.0 kJ/mol. Subsequently, IM1b isomerizes to a product (Pro1) via TS1b with a potential barrier of 39.3 kJ/mol. The other one (2) is carbene attack at the C atom of azacyclopropane, firstly to form IM2 via TS2a, the potential barrier is 35.4 kJ/mol. Then IM2 isomerizes to a product (Pro2) via TS2b with a potential barrier of 35.1 kJ/mol. Correspondingly, the reaction energy for the reaction (1) and (2) is -478.3 and -509.9 kJ/mol, respectively. Additionally, the orbital interactions are also discussed for the leading intermediate.
Ongoing Walking Recovery 2 Years After Locomotor Training in a Child With Severe Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Fox Emily J. , Tester Nicole J. , Phadke Chetan P. , Nair Preeti M. , Senesac Claudia R. , Howland Dena R. , Behrman Andrea L.
Published: March 2010

Background and Purpose

The authors previously reported on walking recovery in a nonambulatory child with chronic, severe, incomplete cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) after 76 sessions of locomotor training (LT). Although clinical measures did not predict his recovery, reciprocal patterned leg movements developed, affording recovery of independent walking with a reverse rolling walker. The long-term functional limitations and secondary complications often associated with pediatric-onset SCI necessitate continued follow-up of children with SCI. Therefore, the purpose of this case report is to describe this child's walking function and musculoskeletal growth and development during the 2 years since his participation in an LT program and subsequent walking recovery.

Case Description

Following LT, the child attended elementary school as a full-time ambulator. He was evaluated 1 month (baseline), 1 year, and 2 years after LT. Examination of walking function included measures of walking independence, gait speed and spatiotemporal parameters, gait kinematics, and daily step activity. Growth and development were assessed by tracking his height, weight, incidence of musculoskeletal complications, and gross motor task performance.

Outcomes

Over the 2 years, the child continued to ambulate independently with a reverse rolling walker, increasing his fastest gait speed. Spatiotemporal and kinematic features of his walking improved, and daily step activity increased. Height and weight remained on their preinjury trajectory and within age-appropriate norms. The child experienced only minor musculoskeletal complications. Additionally, he gained the ability to use reciprocal patterned leg movements during locomotor tasks such as assisted stair climbing and independent tricycle pedaling.

Conclusions

Two years after recovery of walking, this child with incomplete SCI had maintained and improved his walking function and experienced age-appropriate growth and development.
Public perceptions of endometriosis: perspectives from both genders
Authors: SHAH DIVYA K. , MORAVEK MOLLY B. , VAHRATIAN ANJEL , DALTON VANESSA K. , LEBOVIC DAN I.
Published: March 2010

Objective. Many women with endometriosis experience significant delay between the onset of symptoms and definitive diagnosis. Much is published on physician awareness of endometriosis and on the experiences of women with the condition. There is a paucity of data, however, surrounding perceptions of endometriosis in the general population. This study aims to assess knowledge of endometriosis among individuals of both genders. Design. Survey study. Setting. Family waiting room of a large university hospital. Population. A total of 543 men and women. Methods. Surveys were distributed to men and women over the age of 18 in the family waiting room of a large university hospital. Main outcome measures. A series of questions regarding the etiology, symptoms, and treatments for endometriosis were combined into a composite knowledge score. Results. Knowledge of endometriosis was positively correlated with female gender, education level, regular health care, and exposure to individuals with the disease. Women diagnosed with endometriosis were more likely to have discussed symptoms of the condition with their physicians than women without the diagnosis. Conclusions. Individuals of both genders have limited knowledge of the signs and symptoms of endometriosis, which may contribute to the delay in diagnosis of the condition.
Prenatal tobacco prevention and cessation interventions for women in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: ONCKEN CHERYL A. , DIETZ PATRICIA M. , TONG VAN T. , BELIZÁN JOSÉ M. , TOLOSA JORGE E. , BERGHELLA VINCENZO , GOLDENBERG ROBERT L. , LANDO HARRY A. , SAMET JONATHAN M. , BLOCH MICHELE H.
Published: March 2010

Although the prevalence of tobacco use is decreasing in many high‐income countries, it is increasing in many low‐ and middle‐income countries. The health and economic burden of increasing tobacco use and dependence is predictable and will have devastating effects in countries with limited resources, particularly for vulnerable populations such as pregnant women. We sought to review effective tobacco prevention and intervention strategies for decreasing tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure before and during pregnancy in high‐, middle‐, and low‐income countries. We reviewed several types of interventions, including population‐level efforts (increasing tobacco prices, implementing tobacco control policies), community interventions, clinical interventions, and pharmacological treatments.

A second purpose of this report is to present findings of an international expert working group that was convened to review the evidence and to establish research priorities in the following areas: (a) preventing the uptake and reducing tobacco use among girls and women of reproductive age; and (b) reducing tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure among pregnant women. The working group considered the evidence on existing interventions in terms of burden of disease, intervention impact, intervention costs, feasibility of integration into existing services, uniqueness of the contribution, and overall feasibility. Finally, we present the working group's recommendations for intervention research priorities.
End-Grafted Polymer Chains onto Inorganic Nano-Objects
Authors: Achilleos Demetra S. , Vamvakaki Maria
Published: March 2010

Organic/inorganic nanohybrid materials have attracted particular scientific and technological interest because they combine the properties of the organic and the inorganic component. Inorganic nanoparticles exhibit interesting electrical, optical, magnetic and/or catalytic properties, which are related with their nano-scale dimensions. However, their high surface-to-volume ratio often induces agglomeration and leads to the loss of their attractive properties. Surface modification of the inorganic nano-objects with physically or chemically end-tethered polymer chains has been employed to overcome this problem. Covalent tethered polymer chains are realized by three different approaches: the “grafting to”, the “grafting from” and the “grafting through” method. This article reviews the synthesis of end-grafted polymer chains onto inorganic nanoparticles using “controlled/living” polymerization techniques, which allow control over the polymer characteristics and the grafting density of the end-tethered polymer chains.
Perioperative Medication Management (POMM) Pilot: Integrating a Community-Based Medication History (MedsCheck) into Medication Reconciliation for Elective Orthopedic Surgery Inpatients
Authors: Leung Valerie , Mach Kieu , Charlesworth Emily , Hicks Sandy , Kizemchuk Kristine , Stumpo Carmine
Published: March 2010

Background:

Medication safety along the continuum of care is dependent on the quality of medication information at each point of transfer. The purpose of our study was to assess the impact of integrating a community-based medication history (MedsCheck) into perioperative medication reconciliation for elective orthopedic surgery patients by assessing postoperative unintentional medication discrepancies. Secondary objectives were to evaluate community pharmacist participation and patient satisfaction.

Methods:

Patients scheduled for elective hip or knee surgery between April and September 2008 were identified as the study population. Patients and community pharmacies were contacted to coordinate the MedsCheck prior to the pre-admission clinic visit. At the visit, the Meds Check document was used to prepare a best possible medication history, which was documented in the patient chart. Medications were reconciled postoperatively. Participants were surveyed for feedback on the process.

Results:

Eighty-two patients were included in the study. A MedsCheck was completed for 73.8% (31/42) of eligible patients who were contacted prior to their pre-admission clinic visit. The average number of medications per patient was 8.4. The percentage of patients with at least 1 unintentional medication discrepancy decreased from 68.4% (13/19) to 47.6% (39/82) post-intervention. Total unintentional medication discrepancies decreased from 25.6% to 10.6%.

Discussion:

Integrating MedsCheck into the perioperative medication reconciliation process resulted in positive outcomes. The main challenge was coordination of the MedsCheck service prior to the patient's pre-admission clinic visit.

Conclusion:

Integrating MedsCheck into routine perioperative care for orthopedic patients is a feasible way to facilitate pharmacist medication reconciliation and increase patient satisfaction.
Chronique de jurisprudence
Authors: Abdelgawad Walid , Jourdain-Fortier Clotilde , Moine-Dupuis Isabelle
Published: March 2010

Énième et ultime ( ?) décision dans l’affaire CE-Hormones : l’Organe d’appel de l’ORD refuse de mettre un terme aux sanctions commerciales pratiquées par les États-Unis et le Canada à l’encontre des Communautés européennes, lesquelles continuent de refuser l’accès à leur marché à la viande de bœuf traitée aux hormones, au nom de la protection de la santé publique. Pourtant, le rapport rendu précédemment par le groupe spécial, qui aboutissait à une conclusion identique, est infirmé sur de nombreux points par l’Organe d’appel (notamment sur la question de l’évaluation scientifique et du principe de précaution), révélant une meilleure prise en compte des objectifs non marchands par l’Accord SPS. L’Organe d’appel toujours, après le groupe spécial saisi de l’affaire des pièces automobiles, condamne la Chine pour avoir accordé, par son système douanier, un traitement préférentiel aux pièces nationales par rapport aux pièces importées, à savoir l’assimilation des kits de pièces automobiles aux véhicules complets, d’où une taxation plus élevée que pour les pièces chinoises. Il s’agit de la première condamnation de la Chine par l’ORD. Une deuxième condamnation s’est ensuivie peu après l’adhésion de la Chine à l’OMC, impliquant de sa part une remise en cause, encore incomplète, de sa situation d’ « empire » de la contrefaçon. La Chine se voit ainsi reprocher de ne pas accorder le bénéfice des droits d’auteur aux œuvres dont elle n’autorise pas la diffusion ; elle est également condamnée pour une partie de sa législation qui ne garantit pas la mise hors circuits commerciaux des marchandises contrefaites.
In Praise of Sharing as a Strategy for Sustainable Housing
Authors: McIntosh Jacqueline , Gray John , Maher Sasha
Published: March 2010

A central theoretical principle of sustainability is the interdependence of economic, socio-cultural, environmental, and equity issues. The core idea is that sustainability is achieved only by balancing these elements. In practice, however, this balance is rarely evidenced in the design and production of housing, despite the mass of research into sustainable housing. This paper discusses some of the political, economic and socio-cultural issues at work in sustainable housing typologies. It illustrates how the notion of sustainability has come to be represented by ecologically-focused models, while other approaches to sustainable housing design, such as shared housing models, are barely mentioned in the literature. The paper argues that modernist imperatives, such as demands for speed and status undermine sustainable housing design and obscure its meaning. The authors suggest that in the planning and design of sustainable housing attention should be given to the sharing of resources and space as an added method of conservation, and conclude that current imbalances in research agendas and socio-cultural practices create a blind spot in the sustainable housing debate.
Green Water Technologies and Resource Management for Water System Heat-Transfer Applications in the Built Environment
Authors: Frayne Colin
Published: March 2010

In recent years it has become self-evident to many of us that we need to protect and restore our changing environment. By “environment” we are generally referring to our surroundings—our biophysical environment, which in earlier times meant the four classical elements, earth, fire, water, and wind, and later came to include the quintessence or the aether—air or space. Today we tend to refer more to the nitrogen, carbon, and hydrologic cycles. Also, today we consider our environment to additionally mean the exchange of mass energy or other properties that affect our life cycle and that of other organisms. But in our everyday world there is another environment—the built environment—which encompasses the design, construction, management, and use of buildings, neighborhoods, cities, parks, and systems that provide our individual and global surroundings, and the setting for all sustainable human activity. As all built environments depend upon energy, water, and other natural resources from the earth's biophysical environment for their very existence, it might be hoped that our biophysical and built environments (see Figure 1) can coexist in some form of commensal symbiosis, whereby we humans and our built environment benefit while the biophysical environment is unaffected. However, unless significant global positive change comes soon, it is looking increasingly like a parasitic relationship, where humans collectively benefit at the expense of the natural world.
Toxicity of the Extracts of Cyanobacteria Blooms from Tietê River Reservoirs, SP, to the Daphnids Ceriodaphnia dubia e Ceriodaphnia silvestrii (Cladocera, Crustacea)
Authors: Takenaka R. A. , Dellamano-Oliveira M. J. , Rocha Odete
Published: March 2010

In eutrophic environments, cyanobacterial blooms frequently represent risks to human health and natural biota, due to their production of toxins that are released in the water by cell lysis. The acute and chronic toxicity of crude extracts from cyanobacterial blooms occurring in Barra Bonita and Promissão reservoirs Middle Tietê River, SP, were evaluated by performing ecotoxicological tests using two daphnids species, Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard, 1894 (exotic species) and Ceriodaphnia silvestrii Daday, 1902 (native species). Cyanobacterial bloom samples were collected in March 2006, and lyophilized in order to prepare crude extracts and to analyze the microcystin content (ELISA essay). Microcystis aeruginosa Kützing and Pseudanabaena mucicola (Huber-Pestalozzi & Naumann) Bourrelly were abundant in the blooms from Barra Bonita Reservoir, whereas M. aeruginosa was dominant in the material from Promissão Reservoir. High concentrations of total microcystins were detected in crude bloom material extracts from reservoirs (801.12 and 1,420.70 μg L–1 for Barra Bonita Reservoir and 238.78 and 932.32 μg L–1 for Promissão Reservoir). The crude bloom extracts caused acute toxicity to daphnids and C. dubia was usually more sensitive than C. silvestrii. Higher concentrations of crude extracts (80 and 160 mg L–1 for Barra Bonita Reservoir and 100 mg L–1 for Promissão Reservoir) affected adversely the survival and the reproduction of daphnids, while lower concentrations appeared to stimulate reproduction. The results evidenced the risks to the natural biota and possibly to the human health, pointing to the urgent necessity to prevent eutrophication.
Pesticide Leaching and Run-off Hazard in the Ribeira de Iguape River Basin in São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Marques Maria Nogueira , Badiru A. I. , Beltrame O. , Pires M. A. F.
Published: March 2010

The aim of this study is to provide technical information concerning water resource protection to enhance environmentally sound public policy and planning for compatible regional development. We investigated the potential threat linked to agricultural development, which is the major economic activity directly associated with surface and underground water contamination. A preliminary analysis was carried out on the potential contamination of surface and underground water by the most commonly used chemical ingredients in the Ribeira de Iguape agricultural basin. In-depth evaluations of several active ingredients related to the use of pesticides were appraised by the United States Environmental Protection Agency – USEPA screening criteria combined with the Groundwater Ubiquity Score (GUS) and a method proposed by Gos (1992). Almost all the pesticides evaluated contained some environmental mobility, with the exception of terbufos and carbaryl.
Safeguarding Research Using Federal Health Insurance Data
Authors: Schpero William L. , Meyers David J. , Gordon Sarah H.
Published: May 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the importance of researcher access to federal health care data following a CMS decision to limit the use of physical data and proposes solutions to maintain access and security.
The ICL1 and MLS1 Genes, Integral to the Glyoxylate Cycle, are Essential and Specific for Caloric Restriction‐Mediated Extension of Lifespan in Budding Yeast
Authors: Kwon Young‐Yon , Lee Han‐Jun , Lee Myung‐Jin , Lee Young‐Sam , Lee Cheol‐Koo
Published: May 2024

The regulation of complex energy metabolism is intricately linked to cellular energy demands. Caloric restriction (CR) plays a pivotal role in modulating the expression of genes associated with key metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the glyoxylate cycle. In this study, the chronological lifespan (CLS) of 35 viable single‐gene deletion mutants under both non‐restricted and CR conditions, focusing on genes related to these metabolic pathways is evaluated. CR is found to increase CLS predominantly in mutants associated with the glycolysis and TCA cycle. However, this beneficial effect of CR is not observed in mutants of the glyoxylate cycle, particularly those lacking genes for critical enzymes like isocitrate lyase 1 (icl1Δ) and malate synthase 1 (mls1Δ). This analysis revealed an increase in isocitrate lyase activity, a key enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle, under CR, unlike the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase, which remains unchanged and is specific to the TCA cycle. Interestingly, rapamycin, a compound known for extending lifespan, does not increase the activity of the glyoxylate cycle enzyme. This suggests that CR affects lifespan through a distinct metabolic mechanism.
Dual Dynamic Crosslinked Hydrogel Patch Embodied with Anti‐Bacterial and Macrophage Regulatory Properties for Synergistic Prevention of Peritendinous Adhesion
Authors: Yao Xuan , Hu Wenhui , Li Yuheng , Li Jianmei , Kang Fei , Zhang Jing , Dong Shiwu
Published: May 2024

The occurrence of peritendinous adhesion, which hampers the quality and function of the healed tendon, is strongly linked to oxidative stress, inflammatory, and infection that occur after surgery. Tendon damage and repair provide a considerable obstacle for regenerative medicine owing to the absence of patches that possess comprehensive functionality, including self‐healing capacity, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐bacterial properties, as well as tissue repair guidance. A dual dynamic crosslinked network is created by coordination bonds between catechol groups in protocatechuic aldehyde (PA) and Fe3+, as well as a dynamic Schiff base reaction between amino groups in hyaluronic acid‐adipic acid dihydrazide (HA‐ADH) and aldehyde groups in PA. The HA‐ADH@PA/Fe hydrogel exhibits self‐healing ability, tissue adhesion, anti‐bacterial activity, regulation of macrophage polarization via the NF‐κB signaling, oxidative stress elimination, and anti‐inflammation. In addition, a dual‐layer Janus patch is created, taking inspiration from the anatomy and disease progression of tendon adhesion. The inner layer of the patch, which is in direct contact with the operated tendon, is a multifunctional HA‐ADH@PA/Fe hydrogel, encircled further by a poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) electrospinning membrane outer layer facing the surrounding tissue. The PCL@HA‐ADH@PA/Fe hydrogel patch reduced tendon adhesion and supported tissue regeneration by stimulating macrophages polarization into an anti‐inflammatory phenotype and resolving both local and systemic inflammation. This research showcased the PCL@HA‐ADH@PA/Fe hydrogel patch as an alternative therapeutic method for preventing the development of adhesions around tendons.
Materials and Designs for Extremely Efficient Encapsulation of Soft, Biodegradable Electronics
Authors: Ko Gwan‐Jin , Kang Heeseok , Han Won Bae , Dutta Ankan , Shin Jeong‐Woong , Jang Tae‐Min , Han Sungkeun , Lim Jun Hyeon , Eom Chan‐Hwi , Choi So Jeong , Ryu Yelynn , Yeo Woon‐Hong , Cheng Huanyu , Hwang Suk‐Won
Published: May 2024

Effective encapsulation is essential for reliable operation of bio‐integrated electronics, particularly those containing dissolvable elements, under humid environments for desired periods of time; however, conventional inorganic or organic encapsulants often suffer from tissue‐incompatible mechanical rigidity and insufficient water‐barrier performance. Here, a mechanically resilient and efficient encapsulation strategy is proposed that can exceed a functional lifetime of state‐of‐the‐art soft encapsulations by several tens of magnitudes. The exceptional protection arises from the high aspect ratio of dissolvable yet impermeable inorganic fillers embedded within biodegradable polymers, which significantly extend the diffusion length of biofluids or water components. Theoretical modeling and experimental analysis elucidate the effects of types, shapes, and concentrations of the fillers on encapsulation performance, as well as mechanical/physical properties. The operation of electronic components under aqueous solutions for prolonged periods demonstrates the practical feasibility of the encapsulation approach for versatile types of soft, biodegradable electronics.
Proton Self‐Limiting Effect of Solid Acids Boosts Electrochemical Performance of Zinc‐ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Mengting , Liu Wenbao , Ren Danyang , An Yunlin , Shu Chang , Zhang Shengguang , Liang Wenjun , Sun Jianchao , Kang Feiyu , Jiang Fuyi
Published: May 2024

At present, aqueous rechargeable Zn–MnO2 batteries have attracted widespread attention as green potential application for renewable energy storage devices. MnO2 cathode has great potential for application, but its proton reaction results in side reactions of cathode, electrolyte consumption, and dramatic pH value changes, suffering from capacity degradation. To address the issues caused by proton deficit, a proton–limited domain strategy is proposed by integrating solid acids (Sulfonic acid type polystyrene–divinylbenzene, SATP) with proton exchange reactions into MnO2. SATP can act as a new proton source increasing the amount of H+ and reducing the generation of zinc hydroxide sulfate, by–product of proton at the cathode interface, via proton exchange reactions of ‐HSO3– group. As a result, Zn–MnO2/SATP battery delivered with excellent rate performance (218.4 mAh g–1 at 2 A g–1) and high cycling stability (the retained capacity of 115.8 mAh g–1 after 500 cycles at a current density of 1 A g–1. This work provides an innovative strategy for high performance aqueous Zn–MnO2 batteries.
Advanced Immunomodulatory Biomaterials for Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Park Ji‐Eun , Kim Dong‐Hwee
Published: May 2024

The multifaceted biological defense system modulating complex immune responses against pathogens and foreign materials plays a critical role in tissue homeostasis and disease progression. Recently developed biomaterials that can specifically regulate immune responses, nanoparticles, graphene, and functional hydrogels have contributed to the advancement of tissue engineering as well as disease treatment. The interaction between innate and adaptive immunity, collectively determining immune responses, can be regulated by mechanobiological recognition and adaptation of immune cells to the extracellular microenvironment. Therefore, applying immunomodulation to tissue regeneration and cancer therapy involves manipulating the properties of biomaterials by tailoring their composition in the context of the immune system. This review provides a comprehensive overview of how the physicochemical attributes of biomaterials determine immune responses, focusing on the physical properties that influence innate and adaptive immunity. This review also underscores the critical aspect of biomaterial‐based immune engineering for the development of novel therapeutics and emphasizes the importance of understanding the biomaterials‐mediated immunological mechanisms and their role in modulating the immune system.
Bioprinting‐Assisted Tissue Assembly for Structural and Functional Modulation of Engineered Heart Tissue Mimicking Left Ventricular Myocardial Fiber Orientation
Authors: Hwang Dong Gyu , Choi Hwanyong , Yong Uijung , Kim Donghwan , Kang Wonok , Park Sung‐Min , Jang Jinah
Published: May 2024

Left ventricular twist is influenced by the unique oriented structure of myocardial fibers. Replicating this intricate structural‐functional relationship in an in vitro heart model remains challenging, mainly due to the difficulties in achieving a complex structure with synchrony between layers. This study introduces a novel approach through the utilization of bioprinting‐assisted tissue assembly (BATA)—a synergistic integration of bioprinting and tissue assembly strategies. By flexibly manufacturing tissue modules and assembly platforms, BATA can create structures that traditional methods find difficult to achieve. This approach integrates engineered heart tissue (EHT) modules, each with intrinsic functional and structural characteristics, into a layered, multi‐oriented tissue in a controlled manner. EHTs assembled in different orientations exhibit various contractile forces and electrical signal patterns. The BATA is capable of constructing complex myocardial fiber orientations within a chamber‐like structure (MoCha). MoCha replicates the native cardiac architecture by exhibiting three layers and three alignment directions, and it reproduces the left ventricular twist by exhibiting synchronized contraction between layers and mimicking the native cardiac architecture. The potential of BATA extends to engineering tissues capable of constructing and functioning as complete organs on a large scale. This advancement holds the promise of realizing future organ‐on‐demand technology.
Molecular‐Engineered Wool for Sustainable All‐Weather Radiative Cooling Textiles
Authors: Ao Shuyu , Li Benhui , Hu Xiaorui , Su Xuzhong , Sun Fengxin
Published: May 2024

Personal thermal regulation through passive radiative cooling is an effective strategy to achieve sustainable development. Although recent advances have introduced various cooling textile designs, the extensive use of materials unsuitable for common textiles, alongside coating or compositing technologies, not only compromises the wearability and safety of these textiles but also impacts green sustainability. Herein, it is shown that wool is a promising natural material for transferring mid‐infrared human body radiation, but the high absorption in the solar spectrum prohibits wool from achieving satisfactory daytime radiative cooling. Thus the natural wool impregnates zinc ions into the protein chains to form a zinc‐ion woolen (wool‐Zn) fabric. The wool‐Zn fabric can provide humans with a cooling sensation both indoors and daytime outdoors, showing a temperature reduction of 2 °C on human skin indoors and a reduction of 7 °C on artificial skin under direct sunlight, respectively, when covered by wool‐Zn fabrics compared to when covered with cotton. Moreover, the wool‐Zn fabric shows desirable antibacterial properties and durability against washing and abrasion, while maintaining desirable wearability. As a result, the wool‐Zn fabric shows great potential for commercial application in personal thermoregulation and provides an effective avenue toward sustainable energy and environment.
Machine Learning‐Enhanced Prediction of Inorganic Semiconductor Bandgaps for Advancing Optoelectronic Technologies
Authors: Zeb Muhammad Husnain , Rehman Abdul , Siddiqah Mariyam , Bao Qiaoliang , Shabbir Babar , Kabir M. Z.
Published: May 2024

A pivotal challenge in advancing inorganics optoelectronic technologies, is the precise characterization of materials' electronic attributes, with the bandgap being a critical property. Conventional approaches, heavily reliant on time‐intensive and financially demanding experimental and computational methods, such as density functional theory (DFT) calculations, face limitations due to inherent estimation errors. Machine learning methodologies are developed for the prediction of bandgaps of inorganic semiconductors but most of them are employed for datasets created by DFT calculations, hence limiting their performance. Addressing this, the study leverages machine learning methodologies, harnessing both compositional and structural features, to predict the band gaps of inorganic semiconductors with enhanced accuracy. This advancement is reinforced by the employment of an experimental bandgap dataset, which, when integrated with structural descriptors obtained from the Materials Project, significantly improves prediction capabilities. This is evidenced by the model's exceptional performance across two distinct benchmark datasets. Furthermore, the model's adeptness in predicting formation energies underscores its versatility and applicability to a broad spectrum of electronic properties. These findings suggest that the predictive accuracy of this model can be further augmented through the inclusion of additional experimental bandgap measurements and the refinement of structural descriptors. This approach offers a promising and efficient alternative to traditional methodologies, potentially accelerating the development of optoelectronic technologies.
Three Birds with One Stone: Multifunctional Separators Based on SnSe Nanosheets Enable High‐Performance Li‐, Na‐ and K‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Canhuang , Yang Dawei , Yu Jing , Wang Jian , Zhang Chaoqi , Yang Tianxiang , Huang Chen , Nan Bingfei , Li Junshan , Arbiol Jordi , Zhou Yingtang , Zhang Qiaobao , Cabot Andreu
Published: May 2024

Alkali metal‐sulfur batteries (MSBs) are one of the most promising next‐generation energy storage technologies due to their high energy density and potential for low cost. They are nonetheless constrained by the sluggish conversion of metal polysulfides (MPS) during the charge/discharge process. Herein, a multifunctional separator able to trap the MPS and catalyze their conversion in the three main MSB chemistries, Li‐, Na‐, and K‐MSBs, is demonstrated. More in detail, SnSe nanosheets are introduced as additive into the cathode side of the glass microfiber (GF) separator of the MSB. Taking lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) as an example, it is demonstrated that the GF‐SnSe separator (GF@SnSe) shows strong chemical affinity to lithium polysulfides (LiPS) and superior catalytic activity, inhibiting the transport of LiPSs to the anode and accelerating their conversion. Combining experimental and calculation results, the SnSe additive is shown to decrease the Li2S decomposition energy barrier. Overall, GF@SnSe separators provide significantly improved LSB rate performance and cycling stability with a 0.049% capacity decay per cycle. Besides, the GF@SnSe separator promotes the electrochemical performance of sodium‐sulfur and potassium‐sulfur batteries. Overall, this work presents a significant advancement in the development of multifunctional separators in LSBs as well as the emerging Na‐S and K‐S systems.
Touch to Learn: A Review of Haptic Technology's Impact on Skill Development and Enhancing Learning Abilities for Children
Authors: Hatira Amal , Sarac Mine
Published: May 2024

Early childhood education is critical in shaping children's intellectual and motor skills as it provides a solid foundation for cognitive, social, and emotional development, which highly depends on spatial thinking. Haptic feedback can be effectively used for educational and training purposes, particularly in fields such as physics, math, and arts, offering a more interactive learning media and supporting kinesthetic learners by its nature. Herein, different ways of implementing haptic feedback on different educational scenarios from the perspective of technological development and their impact on children's learned skills and outcomes (e.g., their motivation, their analytical or spatial thinking abilities, or fine motor skills) will be examined. This article provides an overview of how haptic feedback has been implemented in different learning scenarios for children. Particularly, it is indicated that haptics can potentially improve early childhood learning outcomes and spatial reasoning skills as it can increase children's interest, participation, performance in educational activities, and analytical ability. The major drawbacks of the current studies, such as variance in participants’ learning challenges and small sample numbers are also highlighted.
Developmental milestones in captive Galago moholi
Authors: McGovern‐Lind Brenna R. , Proffitt Kathryn A. , King Scot E. E. , Rader Hannah M. , Violi Dominic A. , Llera Martin Catherine J. , Searight Katherine , Kehrer Matthew , Yeropoli Brandon A. , Young Jesse W. , Vinyard Christopher J. , DeLeon Valerie B. , Smith Timothy D.
Published: May 2024

Systems of the body develop in a modular manner. For example, neural development in primates is generally rapid, whereas dental development varies much more. In the present study, we examined development of the skull, teeth, and postcrania in a highly specialized leaping primate, Galago moholi. Eighteen specimens ranging from birth to adult were studied. Bones, teeth, and the cranial cavity (i.e., endocast) were reconstructed with Amira software based on microCT cross‐referenced to histology. Amira was also used to compute endocast volume (as a proxy for brain size). Reconstructions of the wrist and ankle show that ossification is complete at 1 month postnatally, consistent with the onset of leaping locomotion in this species. Endocranial volume is less than 50% of adult volume at birth, ~80% by 1 month, and has reached adult volume by 2 months postnatal age. Full deciduous dentition eruption occurs by 2 weeks, and the young are known to begin capturing and consuming arthropods on their own by 4 weeks, contemporaneous with the timing of bone and ankle ossification that accompanies successful hunting. The modular pattern of development of body systems in Galago moholi provides an interesting view of a “race” to adult morphology for some joints that are critical for specialized leaping and clinging, rapid crown mineralization to begin a transitional diet, but perhaps more prolonged reliance on nursing to support brain growth.
Altered fornix integrity is associated with sleep apnea‐related hypoxemia in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Marchi Nicola Andrea , Daneault Véronique , André Claire , Martineau‐Dussault Marie‐Ève , Baril Andrée‐Ann , Thompson Cynthia , Montplaisir Jacques Yves , Gilbert Danielle , Lorrain Dominique , Boré Arnaud , Descoteaux Maxime , Carrier Julie , Gosselin Nadia
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION

The limbic system is critical for memory function and degenerates early in the Alzheimer's disease continuum. Whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with alterations in the limbic white matter tracts remains understudied.

METHODS

Polysomnography, neurocognitive assessment, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in 126 individuals aged 55–86 years, including 70 cognitively unimpaired participants and 56 participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). OSA measures of interest were the apnea‐hypopnea index and composite variables of sleep fragmentation and hypoxemia. Microstructural properties of the cingulum, fornix, and uncinate fasciculus were estimated using free water‐corrected diffusion tensor imaging.

RESULTS

Higher levels of OSA‐related hypoxemia were associated with higher left fornix diffusivities only in participants with MCI. Microstructure of the other white matter tracts was not associated with OSA measures. Higher left fornix diffusivities correlated with poorer episodic verbal memory.

DISCUSSION

OSA may contribute to fornix damage and memory dysfunction in MCI.

Highlights

Sleep apnea‐related hypoxemia was associated with altered fornix integrity in MCI.

Altered fornix integrity correlated with poorer memory function.

Sleep apnea may contribute to fornix damage and memory dysfunction in MCI.
Hydrogen Sensing with Palladium‐Based Materials: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Toksha Bhagwan , Gupta Prashant , Rahaman Mostafizur
Published: May 2024

Palladium morphologies are prominently used in Hydrogen gas sensing applications owing to their unique characteristics and properties. In this review article, Palladium nanoparticles, thin films, and alloys were designated as the scope of Palladium morphologies. The aim of this review article is to explore Hydrogen sensing using Palladium, focusing on the recent advancements in the field.. The principles underlying Hydrogen sensing mechanisms with Palladium are discussed initially, highlighting the unique properties of Palladium that make it a promising material for this purpose. Special attention is given to the surface interactions and structural modifications that influence the sensitivity and selectivity of Palladium‐based sensors The study also addresses key challenges and recent innovations in the field which contribute to the enhancement of Palladium‐based Hydrogen sensing capabilities. The current state of research is critically examined to identify gaps in knowledge and future research directions are highlighted. The prospects and challenges associated with the use of Palladium for Hydrogen sensing, emphasizing its pivotal role in advancing sensor technologies for Hydrogen detection are also discussed.
Naphthoquinones and anthraquinones: Exploring their impact on acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity
Authors: Duran Hatice Esra , Beydemir Şükrü
Published: May 2024

The identification of novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors holds significant relevance in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the prevailing form of dementia. The exploration of alternative inhibitors to the conventional acetylcholinesterase inhibitors is steadily gaining prominence. Quinones, categorized as plant metabolites, represent a specific class of compounds. In this study, the inhibitory effects of various naphthoquinone derivatives, along with anthraquinone and its derivatives, on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme were investigated for this purpose. An in vitro investigation was conducted to examine the effects of these compounds in order to clarify the possible mechanism of inhibition in the interaction between the enzyme and chemicals. In addition, an in silico investigation was carried out to understand the conceivable inhibitor binding process to the enzyme's active site. The acquired outcomes corroborated the in vitro results. The AChE enzyme was found to be effectively inhibited by both naphthoquinones and anthraquinones, with inhibition constant (KI) values ranging from 0.014 to 0.123 μM (micormolar). The AChE enzyme was inhibited differently by this quinone and its derivatives. Although derivatives of naphthoquinone and anthraquinone exhibited a competitive inhibitory effect, derivatives of anthraquinone exhibited a noncompetitive inhibition effect. Furthermore, because it had the lowest KI value of any of these substances, 1,5‐dihydroxyanthraquinone (1c) was shown to be the most potent inhibitor. The findings will add to the body of knowledge on the creation of fresh, potent, and successful treatment approaches.