bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association between systemic lupus erythematosus and bipolar disorder – a big data analysis
Authors: Tiosano S. , Nir Z. , Gendelman O. , Comaneshter D. , Amital H. , Cohen A.D. , Amital D.
Published: April 2017

Background:

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, autoimmune disease that has a wide variety of physical manifestations, including neuropsychiatric features. Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic, episodic illness, that may present as depression or as mania. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between SLE and BD using big data analysis methods.

Methods:

Patients with SLE were compared with age- and sex-matched controls regarding the prevalence of BD in a cross-sectional study. Chi-square and t-tests were used for univariate analysis and a logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis, adjusting for confounders. The study was performed utilizing the chronic disease registry of Clalit Health Services medical database.

Results:

The study included 5018 SLE patients and 25,090 matched controls. BD was found in a higher prevalence among SLE patients compared to controls (0.62% vs. 0.26%, respectively, P < 0.001). BD patients had a greater prevalence of smokers compared to non-BD patients (62.5% vs 23.5%, respectively, P < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, smoking and SLE were both found to be significantly associated with BD.

Conclusions:

SLE was found to be independently associated with BD. These findings may imply that an autoimmune process affecting the central nervous system among SLE patients facilitates the expression of concomitant BD.
Vitamin Pharmacogenomics: New Insight into Individual Differences in Diseases and Drug Responses
Authors: He Hai-Yan , Liu Mou-Ze , Zhang Yue-Li , Zhang Wei
Published: April 2017

Vitamins are vital to sustain normal physiological function, metabolism, and growth for all living organisms. Being an integral component of coenzyme, vitamins can affect the catalytic activities of many enzymes and the expression of drug transporters. Genetic variations in metabolism and/or transporter genes of drugs can influence the exposure of the human body to drugs and/or their active metabolites, thus contributing to the variations in drug responses and toxicities. Nonetheless, pharmacogenomics studies on nutrients have been rarely summarized. In this article, we reviewed recent progress on vitamin pharmacogenomics, for a better understanding on the influence of vitamin-related gene polymorphisms on inter-individual differences in diseases and drug efficacy and safety.
Leisure-time Physical Activity of Polish White-collar Workers: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Nawrocka Agnieszka , Mynarski Arkadiusz , Cholewa Jarosław , Garbaciak Wiesław
Published: April 2017

Objective/Background

The aim of this study was to assess the leisure-time physical activity of Polish white-collar workers in relation to various health recommendations.

Methods

The study used a cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 482 white-collar workers from Poland. Researchers recorded the leisure-time physical activity logs for 7 consecutive days of the week. Physical activity level was interpreted in relation to the World Health Organization and the American College of Sports Medicine recommendations.

Results

Among the workers, 42% of women and 53% of men declared moderate physical activity for at least 150 minutes per week, but only 23% of women and 18% men undertook activity in at least 5 days.

Conclusion

The results of the physical activity identified were significantly different from the American College of Sports Medicine and World Health Organization recommendations. The lower percentage of workers who met American College of Sports Medicine recommendations was caused by insufficient frequency of physical efforts.
Prenatal stress and depression associated neuronal development in neonates
Authors: Fatima Mahino , Srivastav Saurabh , Mondal Amal Chandra
Published: April 2017

Prenatal maternal depression has its direct effects on early brain development deficits with permanent changes in neuroendocrine functions and impaired behavior in offsprings. Prenatal stress (PS) transmits its affect on developing fetus and on pregnancy outcomes in adult offsprings. This results in impaired neurodevelopment, delayed cognitive and motor development with impaired behavior towards stressful conditions. There are sufficient evidences in animal models suggesting depression responsive hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis and its hormonal response via cortisol, responsible for its critical effects in both the mother and offspring. We review the evidences how maternal psychological distress has widespread effect on fetal/birth outcomes via major physiological alteration in HPA axis, autonomic nervous system, neurotransmitters and signaling pathways. Knowledge void in the area of epigenetic processes like DNA methylation, histone acetylation and regulation of microRNA during prenatally stressed fetal neurodevelopment has to be filled up with properly defined controls. This aims the need to reexamine available literatures and to explore more directional approaches for prevention of PS as well as future treatment for the well being of the mother and fetus during critical physiological changes.
Intraoperative iodinated contrast swallow with CT-scan delayed control for detection of early complications in laparoscopic gastric bypass: A case series of 260 cases
Authors: Consalvo Vincenzo , Salsano Vincenzo , Sarno Gerardo
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Background

Laparoscopic Roux en Y Gastric Bypass (LRYGB) is a technically challenging operation with potentially severe surgical complications. A large number of tests have been proposed in order to early identify them in the immediate post-operative period but none was completely satisfactory. Actually, there is no data concerning the use of an early diagnostic protocol based on an intraoperative contrast swallow and a CT- scan at 48 h.

Methods and analysis

From may 2012 to February 2017, 281 patients underwent LRYGB. A 40 cc of iodinated water-soluble contrast (Gastrografin® or Telebrix®) was administered through the orogastric tube 5 min after the blue methylene test while 48 h later, they underwent a CT-scan. The early detection of the contrast liquid in the alimentary or bilio-pancreatic limb, in proximity of it or free in the abdomen were considered signs of bowel obstruction or anastomotic leak.

Results

220 were test negative while 35 patients were positive and a second look was carried out successfully. Considering our data, sensitivity was 0,97 (CI 95% = 91,85–100%) while specificity stated at 0,98 (CI 95% = 96,48–99,95%). The positive predictive value was 0,89 (CI 95% = 80,22–99,27%) and the negative predictive value was 0,99 (CI 95% = 98,66–100%).

Conclusions

This study gives a contribute to the existing issue of fast track in bariatric surgery for the early diagnosis of complications and patients’ readmission or non-discharge. In conclusion, the use of intraoperative iodinated water soluble contrast swallow and abdominal CT-scan at 48 h was a safe and accurate test in order to detect and treat any potential early surgical complication in LRYGB.

Highlights
Effects of Aversive Classical Conditioning on Sexual Response in Women with Dyspareunia and Sexually Functional Controls
Authors: Both Stephanie , Brauer Marieke , Weijenborg Philomeen , Laan Ellen
Published: April 2017

Introduction

In dyspareunia—a somatically unexplained vulvovaginal pain associated with sexual intercourse—learned pain-related fear and inhibited sexual arousal are supposed to play a pivotal role. Based on research findings indicating that enhanced pain conditioning is involved in the etiology and maintenance of chronic pain, in the present study it was hypothesized that enhanced pain conditioning also might be involved in dyspareunia.

Aim

To test whether learned associations between pain and sex negatively affect sexual response; whether women with dyspareunia show stronger aversive learning; and whether psychological distress, pain-related anxiety, vigilance, catastrophizing, and sexual excitation and inhibition were associated with conditioning effects.

Methods

Women with dyspareunia (n = 36) and healthy controls (n = 35) completed a differential conditioning experiment, with one erotic picture (the CS+) paired with a painful unconditional stimulus and one erotic picture never paired with pain (the CS−).

Main Outcome Measures

Genital sexual response was measured by vaginal photoplethysmography, and ratings of affective value and sexual arousal in response to the CS+ and CS− were obtained. Psychological distress, pain cognitions, and sexual excitation and inhibition were assessed by validated questionnaires.

Results

The two groups showed stronger negative affect and weaker subjective sexual arousal to the CS+ during the extinction phase, but, contrary to expectations, women with dyspareunia showed weaker differential responding. Controls showed more prominent lower genital response to the CS+ during acquisition than women with dyspareunia. In addition, women with dyspareunia showed stronger expectancy for the unconditional stimulus in response to the safe CS−. Higher levels of pain-related fear, pain catastrophizing, and sexual inhibition were associated with weaker differential conditioning effects.

Conclusions

Pairing of sex with pain negatively affects sexual response. The results indicate that a learned association of sex with pain and possibly deficient safety learning play a role in dyspareunia.
Correlations of dietary energy and protein intakes with renal function impairment in chronic kidney disease patients with or without diabetes
Authors: Chen Mei‐En , Hwang Shang‐Jyh , Chen Hung‐Chun , Hung Chi‐Chih , Hung Hsin‐Chia , Liu Shao‐Chun , Wu Tsai‐Jiin , Huang Meng‐Chuan
Published: April 2017

Dietary energy and protein intake can affect progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD complicated with diabetes is often associated with a decline in renal function. We investigated the relative importance of dietary energy intake (DEI) and dietary protein intake (DPI) to renal function indicators in nondiabetic and diabetic CKD patients. A total of 539 Stage 3–5 CKD patients [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation] with or without diabetes were recruited from outpatient clinics of Nephrology and Nutrition in a medical center in Taiwan. Appropriateness of DEI and DPI was used to subcategorize CKD patients into four groups:(1) kidney diet (KD) A (KD‐A), the most appropriate diet, was characterized by low DPI and adequate DEI; (2) KD‐B, low DPI and inadequate DEI; (3) KD‐C, excess DPI and adequate DEI; and (4) KD‐D, the least appropriate diet, excess DPI and inadequate DEI. Inadequate DEI was defined as a ratio of actual intake/recommended intake less than 90% and adequate DEI as over 90%. Low DPI was defined as less than 110% of recommended intake and excessive when over 110%. Outcome measured was eGFR. In both groups of CKD patients, DEI was significantly lower (p < 0.001) and DPI higher (p = 0.002) than recommended levels. However, only in the nondiabetic CKD patients were KD‐C and KD‐D significantly correlated with reduced eGFR compared with KD‐A at increments of −5.63 mL/min/1.73 m2 (p = 0.029) and −7.72 mL/min/1.73 m2 (p = 0.015). In conclusion, inadequate energy and excessive protein intakes appear to correlate with poorer renal function in nondiabetic CKD patients. Patients with advanced CKD are in need of counseling by dietitians to improve adherence to diets.
Development of a simulation platform of all-electric aircraft on-board systems for energy management studies
Authors: Schettini F. , Denti E. , Di Rito G.
Published: April 2017

This paper deals with the development of a simulation platform for the dynamic analysis of systems characterised by different physical domains. The research has been carried out in the context of the EC-funded Clean Sky Joint Technology Initiative (Green Regional Aircraft/All-Electric Aircraft domain). In particular, the objective of the research is focused on the on-board systems of new All-Electric Aircraft, where a crucial design point is related to the electrical energy management. In the “all-electric” concept, where pneumatic and hydraulic power systems are eliminated to improve aviation costs and environmental impact, the dynamics of electrical power absorptions is to be characterised and managed to avoid excessive peaks with respect to generators capabilities. The paper describes the architecture of a Matlab/Simulink simulation platform developed in order to design and validate of the electrical energy management logics, which lead up to 32% reduction of the maximum power request for the case study considered. Thanks to an approach based on a mixing of co-simulation and S-function compiling, the platform integrates models coming from different environments (AMESim, Dymola/Modelica), and developed by various partners/specialists.
State-Mediated Globalization Processes and the Adoption of Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting in China
Authors: Marquis Christopher , Yin Juelin , Yang Dongning
Published: April 2017

Despite the prevalence of global diffusion, little is known about the processes by which international practices are adopted and adapted within organizations around the world. Through our qualitative research on the introduction of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting at two leading Chinese companies, we identify a unique set of political mechanisms that we labelstate-mediated globalization, whereby powerful nation-state actors influence the ways in which corporations adopt and adapt global norms and practices. We find that businesses’ needs for political legitimacy from a key stakeholder, in this case the government, leads them to deviate systematically from the global practice in bothformandcontent. These intentional practice adaptations are then legitimized by the government to createinternationalization toolsandlocalized standardsto aid adoption by other organizations. Our findings illustrate previously unidentified mechanisms by which powerful stakeholders such as the Chinese government may mediate, and thereby direct, the ways in which corporations adopt and adapt global CSR practices. Contributions to understanding the political processes of institutional translation in the context of globalization are discussed.
Management and Organization Review Special Issue ‘The Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in India’
Authors: Bhagavatula Suresh , Mudambi Ram , Murmann Johann Peter
Published: April 2017

This Management of Organization Review (MOR) special issue aims to explore the key features of the innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem in India. There is recent evidence that innovation and entrepreneurship dynamics in transforming economies differ from like processes in advanced market economies in significant ways (e.g., Maimone, Mudambi, Navarra, & Baglieri, 2016). Therefore, applying the dominant theoretical lens developed to study innovation and entrepreneurship in advanced market economies may be inappropriate. For instance, the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) surveys clearly demonstrate the composition of total entrepreneurial activity (TEA) for advanced and transforming economies is substantially different, with a significantly higher level of ‘need-based’ entrepreneurship in the latter. Hence the typical advanced economy transition from wage employment to a larger share for entrepreneurship may be reversed in transforming economies. Transforming economies also witness a significant role of the transnational diaspora in their entrepreneurial and innovation processes (Riddle, Hrivnak, & Nielsen, 2010). Further, at the level of corporate entrepreneurship, London and Hart (2004) argue that results of studies of subsidiary entrepreneurship undertaken in advanced market economies may not generalize to transforming market economies. In summary, a fundamental question is whether entrepreneurship and innovation in transforming economies are diverging from the norms of advanced economies as these countries get wealthier and develop entirely new trajectories (Hill & Mudambi, 2010).
Politically Unengaged, Distrusting, and Disaffected Individuals Drive the Link Between Compulsory Voting and Invalid Balloting
Authors: Singh Shane P.
Published: April 2017

Invalid ballots are relatively common in countries with compulsory voting, yet there is no cross-national evidence as towhois more likely to cast a blank or spoiled ballot where voting is forced. I argue that increased rates of blank and spoiled balloting where voting is obligatory result from the behavior of the politically unknowledgeable, uninterested, untrusting, and disaffected, who are incentivized to turn out to the polls where they can be sanctioned for abstention. To test this, I conduct an individual-level examination of the influence of compulsory voting on invalid balloting across countries. I find support for my expectations with analyses of survey data from several American democracies, many of which compel electoral participation.
Who Defects? Unpacking a Defection Cascade from Russia's Dominant Party 2008–12
Authors: HALE HENRY E. , COLTON TIMOTHY J.
Published: April 2017

Under what conditions do individuals withdraw support from dominant parties in nondemocratic regimes? Employing an original panel survey, we measure the same individuals’ support for Russia's dominant party first at the peak of its dominance in 2008 and again shortly after it suffered a cascading defection of regime supporters in 2011–12. This allows us uniquely to explore the microfoundations of theories of regime defection cascades, generally supporting the argument that they involve complex “informational” as well as “reputational” processes. Accordingly, we find that early and eager movers in such a cascade tend to come from less socially vulnerable segments of the population, to have greater need to rely on other people for interpreting events, to believe the regime has lower levels of popular support, and to come from more heterogeneous communities. We find little role for mass media (including social media) or democratizing zeal in driving Russia's regime defection cascade.
Efficacy of meaning-centered group psychotherapy for cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: van der Spek N. , Vos J. , van Uden-Kraan C. F. , Breitbart W. , Cuijpers P. , Holtmaat K. , Witte B. I. , Tollenaar R. A. E. M. , Verdonck-de Leeuw I. M.
Published: April 2017

Background

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of meaning-centered group psychotherapy for cancer survivors (MCGP-CS) to improve personal meaning, compared with supportive group psychotherapy (SGP) and care as usual (CAU).

Method

A total of 170 cancer survivors were randomly assigned to one of the three study arms: MCGP-CS (n = 57); SGP (n = 56); CAU (n = 57). The primary outcome measure was the Personal Meaning Profile (PMP; total score). Secondary outcome measures were subscales of the PMP, psychological well-being (Scales of Psychological Well-being; SPWB), post-traumatic growth (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory), Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC), optimism (Life Orientation Test-Revised), hopelessness (Beck's Hopelessness Scale), psychological distress (anxiety and depression, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS) and quality of life (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire; EORTC QLQ-C30). Outcome measures were assessed before randomization, post-intervention, and after 3 and 6 months of follow-up (FU).

Results

Linear mixed model analyses (intention-to-treat) showed significant differences between MCGP-CS, SGP and CAU on the total PMP score, and on (sub)scales of the PMP, SPWB, MAC and HADS. Post-hoc analyses showed significantly stronger treatment effects of MCGP-CS compared with CAU on personal meaning (d = 0.81), goal-orientedness (d = 1.07), positive relations (d = 0.59), purpose in life (d = 0.69); fighting spirit (d = 0.61) (post-intervention) and helpless/hopeless (d = −0.87) (3 months FU); and distress (d = −0.6) and depression (d = −0.38) (6 months FU). Significantly stronger effects of MCGP-CS compared with SGP were found on personal growth (d = 0.57) (3 months FU) and environmental mastery (d = 0.66) (6 months FU).

Conclusions

MCGP-CS is an effective intervention for cancer survivors to improve personal meaning, psychological well-being and mental adjustment to cancer in the short term, and to reduce psychological distress in the long run.
Modulation of error monitoring in obsessive–compulsive disorder by individually tailored symptom provocation
Authors: Roh D. , Chang J.-G. , Yoo S. W. , Shin J. , Kim C.-H.
Published: April 2017

Background

The enhanced error monitoring in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), typically measured with the error-related negativity (ERN), has been found to be temporally stable and independent of symptom expression. Here, we examined whether the error monitoring in patients with OCD could be experimentally modulated by individually tailored symptom provocation.

Method

Twenty patients with OCD and 20 healthy controls performed a flanker task in which OCD-relevant or neutral pictures were presented prior to a flanker stimulus. An individualized stimulus set consisting of the most provoking images in terms of OCD symptoms was selected for each patient with OCD. Response-locked event-related potentials were recorded and used to examine the error-related brain activity.

Results

Patients with OCD showed larger ERN amplitudes than did control subjects in both the OCD-symptom provocation and neutral conditions. Additionally, while patients with OCD exhibited a significant increase in the ERN under the OCD-symptom provocation condition when compared with the neutral condition, control subjects showed no variation in the ERN between the conditions.

Conclusions

Our results strengthen earlier findings of hyperactive error monitoring in OCD, as indexed by higher ERN amplitudes in patients with OCD than in controls. Importantly, we showed that the patients’ overactive error-signals were experimentally enhanced by individually tailored OCD-symptom triggers, thus suggesting convincing evidence between OCD-symptoms and ERN. Such findings imply that therapeutic interventions should target affective regulation in order to alleviate the perceived threatening value of OCD triggers.
Depression and physical health multimorbidity: primary data and country-wide meta-analysis of population data from 190 593 people across 43 low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Stubbs B. , Vancampfort D. , Veronese N. , Kahl K. G. , Mitchell A. J. , Lin P.-Y. , Tseng P.-T. , Mugisha J. , Solmi M. , Carvalho A. F. , Koyanagi A.
Published: April 2017

Background

Despite the known heightened risk and burden of various somatic diseases in people with depression, very little is known about physical health multimorbidity (i.e. two or more physical health co-morbidities) in individuals with depression. This study explored physical health multimorbidity in people with clinical depression, subsyndromal depression and brief depressive episode across 43 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Method

Cross-sectional, community-based data on 190 593 individuals from 43 LMICs recruited via the World Health Survey were analysed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to assess the association between depression and physical multimorbidity.

Results

Overall, two, three and four or more physical health conditions were present in 7.4, 2.4 and 0.9% of non-depressive individuals compared with 17.7, 9.1 and 4.9% among people with any depressive episode, respectively. Compared with those with no depression, subsyndromal depression, brief depressive episode and depressive episode were significantly associated with 2.62, 2.14 and 3.44 times higher odds for multimorbidity, respectively. A significant positive association between multimorbidity and any depression was observed across 42 of the 43 countries, with particularly high odds ratios (ORs) in China (OR 8.84), Laos (OR 5.08), Ethiopia (OR 4.99), the Philippines (OR 4.81) and Malaysia (OR 4.58). The pooled OR for multimorbidity and depression estimated by meta-analysis across 43 countries was 3.26 (95% confident interval 2.98–3.57).

Conclusions

Our large multinational study demonstrates that physical health multimorbidity is increased across the depression spectrum. Public health interventions are required to address this global health problem.
Using self-report surveys at the beginning of service to develop multi-outcome risk models for new soldiers in the U.S. Army
Authors: Rosellini A. J. , Stein M. B. , Benedek D. M. , Bliese P. D. , Chiu W. T. , Hwang I. , Monahan J. , Nock M. K. , Petukhova M. V. , Sampson N. A. , Street A. E. , Zaslavsky A. M. , Ursano R. J. , Kessler R.C.
Published: April 2017

Background

The U.S. Army uses universal preventives interventions for several negative outcomes (e.g. suicide, violence, sexual assault) with especially high risks in the early years of service. More intensive interventions exist, but would be cost-effective only if targeted at high-risk soldiers. We report results of efforts to develop models for such targeting from self-report surveys administered at the beginning of Army service.

Methods

21 832 new soldiers completed a self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) in 2011–2012 and consented to link administrative data to SAQ responses. Penalized regression models were developed for 12 administratively-recorded outcomes occurring by December 2013: suicide attempt, mental hospitalization, positive drug test, traumatic brain injury (TBI), other severe injury, several types of violence perpetration and victimization, demotion, and attrition.

Results

The best-performing models were for TBI (AUC = 0.80), major physical violence perpetration (AUC = 0.78), sexual assault perpetration (AUC = 0.78), and suicide attempt (AUC = 0.74). Although predicted risk scores were significantly correlated across outcomes, prediction was not improved by including risk scores for other outcomes in models. Of particular note: 40.5% of suicide attempts occurred among the 10% of new soldiers with highest predicted risk, 57.2% of male sexual assault perpetrations among the 15% with highest predicted risk, and 35.5% of female sexual assault victimizations among the 10% with highest predicted risk.

Conclusions

Data collected at the beginning of service in self-report surveys could be used to develop risk models that define small proportions of new soldiers accounting for high proportions of negative outcomes over the first few years of service.
Reward learning deficits in Parkinson's disease depend on depression
Authors: Timmer M. H. M. , Sescousse G. , van der Schaaf M. E. , Esselink R. A. J. , Cools R.
Published: April 2017

Background

Depression is one of the most common and debilitating non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). The neurocognitive mechanisms underlying depression in PD are unclear and treatment is often suboptimal.

Methods

We investigated the role of striatal dopamine in reversal learning from reward and punishment by combining a controlled medication withdrawal procedure with functional magnetic resonance imaging in 22 non-depressed PD patients and 19 PD patients with past or present depression.

Results

PD patients with a depression (history) exhibited impaired reward v. punishment reversal learning as well as reduced reward v. punishment-related BOLD signal in the striatum (putamen) compared with non-depressed PD patients. No effects of dopaminergic medication were observed.

Conclusions

The present findings demonstrate that impairments in reversal learning from reward v. punishment and associated striatal signalling depend on the presence of (a history of) depression in PD.
Behandlungsbereitschaft bei Menschen mit schizophrenen Störungen nachhaltig aufbauen
Authors: Vauth Roland , Stieglitz Rolf-Dieter
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung. Ausgehend von einer Darstellung von Häufigkeit und Folgen von Maladhärenz als wichtigster Rückfallfaktor und Rückfällen als progredient „Recovery“ vernichtendem neurotoxischem Prozess wird die Abkehr von klassischer einsichtsfördernder Edukation gefordert. Auf der Basis neuer Forschungsergebnisse wird ein Vier-Ebenen-Modell zur Verbesserung von Behandlungsbereitschaft vorgestellt: Ausgehend von (a) einer Motivationsdiagnostik (Bedingungs- und Problemanalyse von Adhärenz, Exploration behandlungsrelevanter Erwartungen) werden (b) Einstellungs- (individuelle Krankheits- und Behandlungserfahrungen sowie Folgeerwartungen) (c) Beziehungs- und (d) Verhaltensaspekte von Behandlungsbereitschaft als intentionales Verhalten fokussiert (Anreize und Befähigungsaspekte).
Forschendes Lernen im Pflegeunterricht
Authors: Reiber Karin
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung. Nicht nur mit Blick auf die Akademisierung der Pflegeausbildung ist das Forschende Lernen als konzeptionelle Klammer und methodischer Ansatz für die berufliche Kompetenzentwicklung von Bedeutung. Auch für die berufsfachschulische Ausbildung hat das Forschende Lernen hohe Potenziale, weil auch für diese Form der Pflegeausbildung neben dem Primat der Handlungsorientierung der Wissenschaftsbezug zu erfüllen ist. Der Hintergrund Forschenden Lernens, konzeptionelle Perspektive als Entwicklungsverlauf, Schritte und Prinzipien der Umsetzung des Forschenden Lernens in der Pflegeausbildung und schließlich Reichweite und Grenzen werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt.
The Impact of a Highly Publicized Celebrity Suicide on Suicide-Related Online Information Seeking
Authors: Arendt Florian , Scherr Sebastian
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Background: Research has already acknowledged the importance of the Internet in suicide prevention as search engines such as Google are increasingly used in seeking both helpful and harmful suicide-related information. Aims: We aimed to assess the impact of a highly publicized suicide by a Hollywood actor on suicide-related online information seeking. Method: We tested the impact of the highly publicized suicide of Robin Williams on volumes of suicide-related search queries. Results: Both harmful and helpful search terms increased immediately after the actor's suicide, with a substantial jump of harmful queries. Limitations: The study has limitations (e.g., possible validity threats of the query share measure, use of ambiguous search terms). Conclusion: Online suicide prevention efforts should try to increase online users' awareness of and motivation to seek help, for which Google's own helpline box could play an even more crucial role in the future.
Scientists, Legislators Take Off Their Gloves at Climate Hearing
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: April 2017

Although scientists bickered about the science, all agreed that cutting federal funding for climate monitoring and associated research is not a good idea.
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii treatment improves hepatic health and reduces adipose tissue inflammation in high-fat fed mice
Authors: Munukka Eveliina , Rintala Anniina , Toivonen Raine , Nylund Matts , Yang Baoru , Takanen Anna , Hänninen Arno , Vuopio Jaana , Huovinen Pentti , Jalkanen Sirpa , Pekkala Satu
Published: April 2017

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is considered as one of the most important bacterial indicators of a healthy gut. We studied the effects of oral F. prausnitzii treatment on high-fat fed mice. Compared to the high-fat control mice, F. prausnitzii-treated mice had lower hepatic fat content, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and increased fatty acid oxidation and adiponectin signaling in liver. Hepatic lipidomic analyses revealed decreases in several species of triacylglycerols, phospholipids and cholesteryl esters. Adiponectin expression was increased in the visceral adipose tissue, and the subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues were more insulin sensitive and less inflamed in F. prausnitzii-treated mice. Further, F. prausnitzii treatment increased muscle mass that may be linked to enhanced mitochondrial respiration, modified gut microbiota composition and improved intestinal integrity. Our findings show that F. prausnitzii treatment improves hepatic health, and decreases adipose tissue inflammation in mice and warrant the need for further studies to discover its therapeutic potential.
Niche partitioning of diverse sulfur-oxidizing bacteria at hydrothermal vents
Authors: Meier Dimitri V , Pjevac Petra , Bach Wolfgang , Hourdez Stephane , Girguis Peter R , Vidoudez Charles , Amann Rudolf , Meyerdierks Anke
Published: April 2017

At deep-sea hydrothermal vents, primary production is carried out by chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms, with the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds being a major driver for microbial carbon fixation. Dense and highly diverse assemblies of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) are observed, yet the principles of niche differentiation between the different SOB across geochemical gradients remain poorly understood. In this study niche differentiation of the key SOB was addressed by extensive sampling of active sulfidic vents at six different hydrothermal venting sites in the Manus Basin, off Papua New Guinea. We subjected 33 diffuse fluid and water column samples and 23 samples from surfaces of chimneys, rocks and fauna to a combined analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, metagenomes and real-time in situ measured geochemical parameters. We found Sulfurovum Epsilonproteobacteria mainly attached to surfaces exposed to diffuse venting, while the SUP05-clade dominated the bacterioplankton in highly diluted mixtures of vent fluids and seawater. We propose that the high diversity within Sulfurimonas- and Sulfurovum-related Epsilonproteobacteria observed in this study derives from the high variation of environmental parameters such as oxygen and sulfide concentrations across small spatial and temporal scales.
Glutaredoxin catalysis requires two distinct glutathione interaction sites
Authors: Begas Patricia , Liedgens Linda , Moseler Anna , Meyer Andreas J. , Deponte Marcel
Published: April 2017

Glutaredoxins are key players in cellular redox homoeostasis and exert a variety of essential functions ranging from glutathione-dependent catalysis to iron metabolism. The exact structure–function relationships and mechanistic differences among glutaredoxins that are active or inactive in standard enzyme assays have so far remained elusive despite numerous kinetic and structural studies. Here, we elucidate the enzymatic mechanism showing that glutaredoxins require two distinct glutathione interaction sites for efficient redox catalysis. The first site interacts with the glutathione moiety of glutathionylated disulfide substrates. The second site activates glutathione as the reducing agent. We propose that the requirement of two distinct glutathione interaction sites for the efficient reduction of glutathionylated disulfide substrates explains the deviating structure–function relationships, activities and substrate preferences of different glutaredoxin subfamilies as well as thioredoxins. Our model also provides crucial insights for the design or optimization of artificial glutaredoxins, transition-state inhibitors and glutaredoxin-coupled redox sensors.
Biomimetic catalytic transformation of toxic α-oxoaldehydes to high-value chiral α-hydroxythioesters using artificial glyoxalase I
Authors: Park Sang Yeon , Hwang In-Soo , Lee Hyun-Ju , Song Choong Eui
Published: April 2017

Glyoxalase I plays a critical role in the enzymatic defence against glycation by catalysing the isomerization of hemithioacetal, formed spontaneously from cytotoxic α-oxoaldehydes and glutathione, to (S)-α-hydroxyacylglutathione derivatives. Upon the hydrolysis of the thioesters catalysed by glyoxalase II, inert (S)-α-hydroxy acids, that is, lactic acid, are then produced. Herein, we demonstrate highly enantioselective glyoxalase I mimic catalytic isomerization ofin-situ-generated hemithioacetals, providing facile access to both enantiomers of α-hydroxy thioesters. Owing to the flexibility of thioesters, a family of optically pure α-hydroxyamides, which are highly important drug candidates in the pharmaceutical industry, were prepared without any coupling reagents. Similar to real enzymes, the enforced proximity of the catalyst and substrates by the chiral cagein situformed by the incorporation of potassium salt can enhance the reactivity and efficiently transfer the stereochemical information.
Genetic silencing of olivocerebellar synapses causes dystonia-like behaviour in mice
Authors: White Joshua J. , Sillitoe Roy V.
Published: April 2017

Theories of cerebellar function place the inferior olive to cerebellum connection at the centre of motor behaviour. One possible implication of this is that disruption of olivocerebellar signalling could play a major role in initiating motor disease. To test this, we devised a mouse genetics approach to silence glutamatergic signalling only at olivocerebellar synapses. The resulting mice had a severe neurological condition that mimicked the early-onset twisting, stiff limbs and tremor that is observed in dystonia, a debilitating movement disease. By blocking olivocerebellar excitatory neurotransmission, we eliminated Purkinje cell complex spikes and induced aberrant cerebellar nuclear activity. Pharmacologically inhibiting the erratic output of the cerebellar nuclei in the mutant mice improved movement. Furthermore, deep brain stimulation directed to the interposed cerebellar nuclei reduced dystonia-like postures in these mice. Collectively, our data uncover a neural mechanism by which olivocerebellar dysfunction promotes motor disease phenotypes and identify the cerebellar nuclei as a therapeutic target for surgical intervention.
Extinct type of human parvovirus B19 persists in tonsillar B cells
Authors: Pyöriä Lari , Toppinen Mari , Mäntylä Elina , Hedman Lea , Aaltonen Leena-Maija , Vihinen-Ranta Maija , Ilmarinen Taru , Söderlund-Venermo Maria , Hedman Klaus , Perdomo Maria F.
Published: April 2017

Parvovirus B19 (B19V) DNA persists lifelong in human tissues, but the cell type harbouring it remains unclear. We here explore B19V DNA distribution in B, T and monocyte cell lineages of recently excised tonsillar tissues from 77 individuals with an age range of 2–69 years. We show that B19V DNA is most frequent and abundant among B cells, and within them we find a B19V genotype that vanished from circulation >40 years ago. Since re-infection or re-activation are unlikely with this virus type, this finding supports the maintenance of pathogen-specific humoral immune responses as a consequence of B-cell long-term survival rather than continuous replenishment of the memory pool. Moreover, we demonstrate the mechanism of B19V internalization to be antibody dependent in two B-cell lines as well as in ex vivo isolated tonsillar B cells. This study provides direct evidence for a cell type accountable for B19V DNA tissue persistence.
Robust antibody and CD8+ T-cell responses induced by P. falciparum CSP adsorbed to cationic liposomal adjuvant CAF09 confer sterilizing immunity against experimental rodent malaria infection
Authors: Espinosa Diego A. , Christensen Dennis , Muñoz Christian , Singh Sanjay , Locke Emily , Andersen Peter , Zavala Fidel
Published: April 2017

Despite several decades of extensive research, the development of a highly efficacious malaria vaccine has yet to be accomplished. While the RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate shows the potential to prevent a substantial number of clinical malaria cases, significant improvements in protective efficacy are still needed. Multiple studies have shown that RTS,S induces protective antibody and CD4+ T-cell responses, but limited or negligible CD8+ T cells. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective capacity of full-length recombinant Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein administered with the novel cationic liposomal adjuvant system CAF09. Using newly developed transgenic rodent malaria parasites expressing the full-length Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein, we demonstrate that this liposome-based protein-in-adjuvant formulation is capable of inducing robust antibody and CD8+ T-cell responses that strongly inhibit parasite infection and development of liver stages, conferring durable sterilizing immunity. These findings underscore the potential of liposome-based adjuvants for inducing robust humoral and CD8+ T-cell responses and warrant further studies toward the development of novel subunit vaccine formulations with this adjuvant system.
A high-glucose diet affects Achilles tendon healing in rats
Authors: Korntner Stefanie , Kunkel Nadja , Lehner Christine , Gehwolf Renate , Wagner Andrea , Augat Peter , Stephan Daniel , Heu Verena , Bauer Hans-Christian , Traweger Andreas , Tempfer Herbert
Published: April 2017

Chronic and acute tendinopathies are difficult to treat and tendon healing is generally a very slow and incomplete process and our general understanding of tendon biology and regeneration lags behind that of muscle or bone. Although still largely unexplored, several studies suggest a positive effect of nutritional interventions on tendon health and repair. With this study, we aim to reveal effects of a high-glucose diet on tendon neoformation in a non-diabetic rat model of Achilles tenotomy. After surgery animals received either a high-glucose diet or a control diet for 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. Compared to the control group, tendon repair tissue thickness and stiffness were increased in the high-glucose group after 2 weeks and gait pattern was altered after 1 and 2 weeks. Cell proliferation was up to 3-fold higher and the expression of the chondrogenic marker genes Sox9, Col2a1, Acan and Comp was significantly increased 2 and 4 weeks post-surgery. Further, a moderate increase in cartilage-like areas within the repair tissue was evident after 4 weeks of a high-glucose diet regimen. In summary, we propose that a high-glucose diet significantly affects tendon healing after injury in non-diabetic rats, potentially driving chondrogenic degeneration.
Nanoplasmonic Upconverting Nanoparticles as Orientation Sensors for Single Particle Microscopy
Authors: Green Kory K. , Wirth Janina , Lim Shuang F.
Published: April 2017

We showed that the anisotropic disk shape of nanoplasmonic upconverting nanoparticles (NP-UCNPs) creates changes in fluorescence intensity during rotational motion. We determined the orientation by a three-fold change in fluorescence intensity. We further found that the luminescence intensity was strongly dependent on the particle orientation and on polarization of the excitation light. The luminescence intensity showed a three-fold difference between flat and on-edge orientations. The intensity also varied sinusoidally with the polarization of the incident light, with an Imax/Imin ratio of up to 2.02. Both the orientation dependence and Imax/Imin are dependent on the presence of a gold shell on the UCNP. Because the fluorescence depends on the NP’s orientation, the rotational motion of biomolecules coupled to the NP can be detected. Finally, we tracked the real-time rotational motion of a single NP-UCNP in solution between slide and coverslip with diffusivity up to 10−2 μm2s−1.
Tunable Bragg polaritons and nonlinear emission from a hybrid metal-unfolded ZnSe-based microcavity
Authors: Rahman SK. Shaid-Ur , Klein Thorsten , Gutowski Jürgen , Klembt Sebastian , Sebald Kathrin
Published: April 2017

Strong light-matter interaction in Bragg structures possesses several advantages over conventional microcavity system. These structures provide an opportunity to incorporate a large number of quantum wells without increasing the mode volume. Further, it is expected that the strong coupling could occur over the entire thickness of the Bragg structure, and the system offers an improved overlap between exciton wave function and light mode. However, advanced experiments in Bragg structures require a precise control and manipulation of quantum states of Bragg polaritons. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate novel methods for the modulation of Bragg polariton eigenstates. The modulation will be shown to even exceed 10 meV if the thickness of the top layer of the ZnSe-based Bragg structure is changed or if a thin silver layer is deposited on top of the structure. The Q value of the Bragg mode will be enhanced by a factor of 2.3 for a 30 nm silver layer. In addition, we report on the observation of nonlinear emission of the lower Bragg polariton mode in the hybrid structure being achieved when excitation dependent measurements are performed. Our results open the door to create a confined Bragg polariton system similar to conventional microcavities.
Urine metabolomics in neonates with late-onset sepsis in a case-control study
Authors: Sarafidis Kosmas , Chatziioannou Anastasia Chrysovalantou , Thomaidou Agathi , Gika Helen , Mikros Emmanouel , Benaki Dimitra , Diamanti Elisavet , Agakidis Charalampos , Raikos Nikolaos , Drossou Vasiliki , Theodoridis Georgios
Published: April 2017

Although late-onset sepsis (LOS) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, biomarkers evaluated in LOS lack high diagnostic accuracy. In this prospective, case-control, pilot study, we aimed to determine the metabolic profile of neonates with LOS. Urine samples were collected at the day of initial LOS evaluation, the 3rd and 10th day, thereafter, from 16 septic neonates (9 confirmed and 7 possible LOS cases) and 16 non-septic ones (controls) at respective time points. Urine metabolic profiles were assessed using non-targeted nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Multivariate statistical models with data from either analytical approach showed clear separation between the metabolic profiles of septic neonates (both possible and confirmed) and the controls. Metabolic changes appeared to be related to disease progression. Overall, neonates with confirmed or possible LOS exhibited comparable metabolic profiles indicating similar metabolic alternations upon the onset of clinical manifestations. This methodology therefore enabled the discrimination of neonates with LOS from non-septic individuals, providing potential for further research toward the discovery of LOS-related biomarkers.
Innate immunity modulation in the duodenal mucosa induced by REM sleep deprivation during infection with Trichinella spirallis
Authors: Ibarra-Coronado Elizabeth G. , Pérez-Torres Armando , Pantaleón-Martínez Ana M. , Velazquéz-Moctezuma Javier , Rodriguez-Mata Veronica , Morales-Montor Jorge
Published: April 2017

Sleep is considered to be an important predictor of the immunity, since the absence of sleep can affect the development of the immune response, and consequently increase the susceptibility to contract an infection. The aim of the present study was to investigate if sleep deprivation and stress induce dysregulation of the duodenal mucous membrane during the acute infection with Trichinella spiralis. Our results shows that, in the intestinal mucous membrane, stress and sleep deprivation, produces different effect in the cells, and this effect depends on the studied duodenal compartment, glands or villi. The sleep deprivation affect mast cells mainly, and the stress response is more heterogeneous. Interestingly, in the duodenal mucous membrane, none population of cells in the infected groups responded equally to both conditions. These findings suggest that the response of the intestinal mucous membrane during the infection caused for T. spiralis turns out to be affected in the sleep-deprived rats, therefore, the results of the present study sustain the theory that sleep is a fundamental process that is capable of modulating the immune response of mucous membranes, particularly the one generated against the parasite Trichinella spiralis.