bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studying the Chiral Magnetic Effect in Pb-Pb and Xe-Xe collisions using the AVFD model
Authors: Qiu Shi
Published: December 2022

Quantum Chromodynamics permits the formation of charge conjugation parity violating domains inside the medium produced in heavy-ion collisions, resulting in an imbalanced quark chirality. With the presence of a strong magnetic field (as strong as 1015 T) produced by the spectator protons in offcentral heavy-ion collisions, this would lead to an electric-charge separation along the direction of the magnetic field, known as the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME). Experimental searches commonly utilise strategies involving charge-dependent correlators to measure the charge separation. These correlators are, however, dominated by a large background proportional to the elliptic flow v2. This article presents a systematic study of the correlators used experimentally to probe the CME by using the Anomalous Viscous Fluid Dynamics (AVFD) model in Pb-Pb and Xe-Xe collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV and √sNN = 5.44 TeV, respectively. The results from AVFD suggest that Xe-Xe collisions are consistent with a background-only scenario and a significant non-zero value of axial current density (imbalanced quark chirality) is required to describe the measurements in Pb-Pb collisions.
Determination of αs value from tau decays with a renormalon-motivated approach
Authors: Ayala César , Cvetič Gorazd , Teca Diego
Published: December 2022

We apply Borel-Laplace sum rules to the data of the semihadronic tau decay rate. For the higher order terms of the Adler function in the leadingtwist (D = 0) contribution we use a renormalon-motivated model, where the correct leading anomalous dimensions are taken into account in the IR u = 3 (and u = 2) renormalon contributions. In the evaluation of D = 0 contribution of the sum rules we apply two methods: (a) fixed order perturbation theory (FO) and (b) Borel resummation of the singular part with the Principal Value prescription (PV). We use as data the ALEPH data for the (V+A)-channel, and a combined set of data for the V-channel. In the D = 6 OPE term of the Adler function we account for the leading nonzero (and noninteger) anomalous dimension. In the OPE for the Adler function we include terms with dimension up to D = 10 for the (V+A)-channel, and up to D = 14 for the V-channel. In such cases, the extracted values of the coupling αs and of the condensates show a reasonably good convergence under the increase of OPE terms. In order to suppress the quark-hadron duality violations, our sum rules are doubly-pinched in the Minkowskian point. We obtain the averaged extracted values of the coupling αs(m2τ) = 0.3169+0.0070-0.0096, corresponding to αs(M2Z) = 0.1183+0.0009-0.0012.
Strange-Meson Spectroscopy – from COMPASS to AMBER
Authors: Wallner S.
Published: December 2022

COMPASS is a multi-purpose fixed-target experiment at CERN’s M2 beam line aimed at studying the structure and spectrum of hadrons. It has collected the so far world’s largest data set on diffractive production of the K−π−π+ final state, which in principle gives access to all strange mesons. Based on this data set, we performed an elaborate partial-wave analysis. It reveals signals in the mass region of well-known states, such as the K*2(1430). In addition, we found indications for a resonance-like signal in the mass region of the K(1630). This state would be a supernumerary state and hence could be a candidate for an exotic strange meson. The partial-wave analysis is limited in some areas by the limited kinematic coverage of the final-state particle identification of the COMPASS setup. To overcome this limitation, we propose a new high-precision strange-meson spectroscopy measurement at the AMBER experiment, which will be located at CERN’s M2 beam line.
Glueballs from bound state equations
Authors: Huber Markus Q. , Fischer Christian S. , Sanchis-Alepuz Hèlios
Published: December 2022

Glueballs are bound states in the spectrum of quantum chromodynamics which consist only of gluons. They belong to the group of exotic hadrons which are widely studied experimentally and theoretically. We summarize how to calculate glueballs in a functional framework and discuss results for pure Yang-Mills theory. Our setup is totally self-contained with the scale being the only external input. We enumerate a range of tests that provide evidence of the stability of the results. This illustrates the potential of functional equations as a continuum first-principles method complementary to lattice calculations.
QCD static force in gradient flow
Authors: Wang Xiang-Peng
Published: December 2022

We review our recent study on the QCD static force using gradient flow at next-to-leading order in the strong coupling. The QCD static force has the advantage of being free of the O(ΛQCD) renormalon appearing in the static potential but suffers from poor convergence in the lattice QCD computations. It is expected that the gradient flow formalism can improve the convergence. Based on our next-to-leading-order calculations, we explore the properties of the static force for arbitrary flow time t, as well as in the limit t → 0, which may be useful for lattice QCD simulations.
Charm quark fugacity in hot QCD
Authors: Mykhaylova Valeriya
Published: December 2022

We study the fugacity of charm quarks in hot QCD from the quasiparticle perspective. The system is described in terms of dynamical quarks and gluons dressed by the effective temperature-dependent masses which link the thermodynamics of the model to the lattice QCD data for Nf = 2 + 1. We insert the charm quarks „by hand” and investigate how their scatterings with the quasiparticles affect the charm quark fugacity in a viscous medium expanding in all spatial dimensions and in the perfect fluid propagating longitudinally. We find that the charm quark fugacity strongly depends on the evolution of the deconfined matter at early stages while behaving universally close to the QCD crossover.
Equation of state from complex Langevin simulations
Authors: Attanasio Felipe , Jäger Benjamin , Ziegler Felix P.G.
Published: December 2022

We use complex Langevin simulations to study the QCD phase diagram with two light quark flavours. In this study, we use Wilson fermions with an intermediate pion mass of ∼ 480MeV. By studying thermodynamic quantities, in particular at lower temperatures, we are able to describe the equation of state.
New Results for Reggeons using FRG
Authors: Contreras Carlos , Bartels Jochen , Cancino Luis , Vacca Gian Paolo
Published: December 2022

In this paper we extend our recent non perturbative functional renormalization group analysis of Reggeon Field Theory to the interactions of Pomeron and Odderon fields. We establish the existence of a fixed point and its universal properties. This analysis, allows to connect the nonperturbative infrared region (large transverse distances) with the UV region of small transverse distances where the high energy limit of perturbative QCD applies. We discuss the implications of result for the existence of an Odderon in high energy scattering.
Search for the critical point of strongly interacting matter (Intermittency analysis by NA61/SHINE at CERN SPS)
Authors: Adhikary Haradhan
Published: December 2022

The existence and location of the QCD critical point is an object of both experimental and theoretical studies. The comprehensive data collected by NA61/SHINE during a two-dimensional scan in beam momentum (13A-150AGeV/c) and system size (p+p,p+Pb , Be+Be, Ar+Sc, Xe+La, Pb+Pb) allows for a systematic search for the critical point – a search for a non-monotonic dependence of various correlation and fluctuation observables on collision energy and size of colliding nuclei. In particular, fluctuations of particle number in transverse momentum space are studied. They are quantified by measuring the scaled factorial moments of multiplicity distribution.
Hybrid stars with large strange quark cores
Authors: Ferreira Márcio , Câmara Pereira Renan , Providência Constança
Published: December 2022

The possible existence of hybrid stars is studied using several multiquark interaction channels. The hadronic phase consists of an equation of state (EoS) with presently accepted nuclear matter properties and the quark model is constrained by the vacuum properties of several light mesons. The dependence of several NS properties on the different quark interactions is analyzed. We show that the present constraints from neutron star observations allow for the existence of hybrid stars with large strangeness content and large quark cores.
Finite-temperature equation of state with hyperons
Authors: Kochankovski Hristijan , Ramos Angels , Tolos Laura
Published: December 2022

We present the novel finite-temperature FSU2H* equation-of-state model that covers a wide range of temperatures and lepton fractions for the conditions in proto-neutron stars, neutron star mergers and supernovae. The temperature effects on the thermodynamical observables and the composition of the neutron star core are stronger when the hyperonic degrees of freedom are considered. We pay a special attention to the temperature and density dependence of the thermal index in the presence of hyperons and conclude that the true thermal effects cannot be reproduced with the use of a constant Г law
Coherent pion photoproduction on spin-zero nuclei
Authors: Tsaran Viacheslav
Published: December 2022

We study the possibility of building a universal model describing pion scattering and photoproduction on spin-zero nuclei within the same framework. We show our prediction for photoproduction cross section based on parameters taken from our fit to pion-12C scattering data and demonstrate the importance of the second-order effects arising from the multiple scattering theory.
Exploring the Phase Diagram of V-QCD with Neutron Star Merger Simulations
Authors: Demircik Tuna , Ecker Christian , Järvinen Matti , Rezzolla Luciano , Tootle Samuel , Topolski Konrad
Published: December 2022

Determining the phase structure of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and its Equation of State (EOS) at densities and temperatures realized inside neutron stars and their mergers is a long-standing open problem. The holographic V-QCD framework provides a model for the EOS of dense and hot QCD, which describes the deconfinement phase transition between a dense baryonic and a quark matter phase. We use this model in fully general relativistic hydrodynamic (GRHD) simulations to study the formation of quark matter and the emitted gravitational wave signal of binary systems that are similar to the first ever observed neutron star merger event GW170817.
Physics of warped dimensions: discrete and continuous spectra
Authors: Megías Eugenio , Quirós Mariano
Published: December 2022

Using two different warped five-dimensional (5D) models with two branes along the extra dimension, we study the Green’s functions and the spectral properties of some of the fields propagating in the bulk. While the first model has a discrete spectrum of Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes, the second one has a continuous spectrum above a mass gap. We also study the positivity of the spectral functions, as well as the coupling of the graviton and the radion with SM matter fields.
Unitarized one-loop graviton-graviton scattering
Authors: Delgado Rafael L. , Dobado Antonio , Espriu Domènec
Published: December 2022

In this work we interpret the Einstein-Hilbert (EH) Lagrangian of gravitation as the first term of a low-energy effective theory similar to those considered in the chiral Lagrangian approach to low-energy hadron physics or the electroweak chiral Lagragians describing the symmetry breaking sector of the Standard Model (SM). Starting from the one-loop computation of the elastic gravitongraviton scattering amplitude by Dunbar and Norridge, we unitarize the IR regularized partial waves by using the Inverse Amplitude Method (IAM). This method enlarges the regime of applicability of the perturbative results to higher energies of the order of the Plank scale MP and allows for the possibility of poles in the second Riemann which have the natural interpretation of dynamical resonances. In this work we look for these possible resonances for the ++++ and −−−− helicity channels and the J = 0, 2 and 4 partial waves.
Surgical versus Interventional Treatment of Concomitant Aortic Valve Stenosis and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Elderia Ahmed , Gerfer Stephen , Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Adam Matti , Baldus Stephan , Rahmanian Parwis , Kuhn Elmar , Wahlers Thorsten
Published: December 2022

Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is frequently diagnosed in patients with aortic valve stenosis. Treatment options include surgical and interventional approaches. We therefore analyzed short-term outcomes of patients undergoing either coronary artery bypass grafting with simultaneous aortic valve replacement (CABG + AVR) or staged percutaneous coronary intervention and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (PCI + TAVI).

Methods From all patients treated since 2017, we retrospectively identified 237 patients undergoing TAVI within 6 months after PCI and 241 patients undergoing combined CABG + AVR surgery. Propensity score matching was performed, resulting in 101 matched pairs.

Results Patients in the CABG + AVR group were younger compared with patients in the PCI + TAVI group (71.9 ± 4.9 vs 81.4 ± 3.6 years; p < 0.001). The overall mortality at 30 days before matching was higher after CABG + AVR than after PCI + TAVI (7.8 vs 2.1%; p = 0.012). The paired cohort was balanced for both groups regarding demographic variables and the risk profile (age: 77.2 ± 3.7 vs78.5 ± 2.7 years; p = 0.141) and EuroSCORE II (6.2 vs 7.6%; p = 0.297). At 30 days, mortality was 4.9% in the CABG + AVR group and 1.0% in the PCI + TAVI group (p = 0.099). Rethoracotomy was necessary in 7.9% in the CABG + AVR, while conversion to open heart surgery was necessary in 2% in the PCI + TAVI group. The need for new pacemaker was lower after CABG + AVR than after PCI + TAVI (4.1 vs 6.9%; p = 0.010). No paravalvular leak (PVL) was noted in the CABG + AVR group, while the incidence of moderate-to-severe PVL after PCI + TAVI was 4.9% (p = 0.027).

Conclusion A staged interventional approach comprises a short-term survival advantage compared with combined surgery for management of CAD and aortic stenosis. However, PCI + TAVI show a significantly higher risk of atrioventricular block and PVL. Further long-term trials are warranted.
Markers of Hereditary Thrombophilia with Unclear Significance
Authors: Sachs Ulrich J. , Kirsch-Altena Anette , Müller Jens
Published: December 2022

Thrombophilia leads to an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Widely accepted risk factors for thrombophilia comprise deficiencies of protein C, protein S, and antithrombin, as well as the factor V “Leiden” mutation, the prothrombin G20210A mutation, dysfibrinogenemia, and, albeit less conclusive, increased levels of factor VIII. Besides these established markers of thrombophilia, risk factors of unclear significance have been described in the literature. These inherited risk factors include deficiencies or loss-of-activity of the activity of ADAMTS13, heparin cofactor II, plasminogen, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), thrombomodulin, protein Z (PZ), as well as PZ-dependent protease inhibitor. On the other hand, thrombophilia has been linked to the gain-of-activity, or elevated levels, of α2-antiplasmin, angiotensin-converting enzyme, coagulation factors IX (FIX) and XI (FXI), fibrinogen, homocysteine, lipoprotein(a), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI). With respect to the molecular interactions that may influence the thrombotic risk, more complex mechanisms have been described for endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and factor XIII (FXIII) Val34Leu. With focus on the risk for venous thrombosis, the present review aims to give an overview on the current knowledge on the significance of the aforementioned markers for thrombophilia screening. According to the current knowledge, there appears to be weak evidence for a potential impact of EPCR, FIX, FXI, FXIII Val34Leu, fibrinogen, homocysteine, PAI-1, PZ, TAFI, and TFPI on the thrombotic risk.
VAAFT PROCEDURE (Video-assisted Anal Fistula Treatment) versus Open Method in the Treatment of High Fistula in Ano
Authors: Kadhim Asaad Mohammed , Altaraikhim Madhi Hashim Otaiwi
Published: December 2022

Background A common acquired anorectal condition is anal fistula. The treatment approaches that have been employed have been linked to erratic outcomes and sometimes life-threatening consequences. Video-assisted anal fistula treatment (VAAFT), a minimally invasive method, was introduced for adult patients in 2011.

Objective To know the efficacy of the VAAFT procedure in treating high anal fistulas and to compare it to open methods in the Basrah province.

Methods The present study was performed on 200 patients with high fistulas in ano in Basrah province. We divided the patients into 2 groups: Group A: treated by the VAAFT technique and Group B: treated by open fistulotomy

Results The patients treated with VAFFT revealed no occurrence of the following postoperative complication: Infection, incontinence, recurrence, anal stenosis, and bleeding. There was lower incidence of pain, short time for wound healing, rapid return to work, and more patient satisfaction compared with open fistulotomy

Conclusion An innovative method for managing ano fistula is VAAFT. Compared with traditional methods, it has a lot of benefits. It is day case surgeryno open wound.no damage to anal sphincter and no risk of incontinence, it is more affordable.it allow for clear identification of internal office, whole tract and its associated branches and cavity. The instrument can be used for multiple patients after good sterilization and disinfection.
Surgical Outcome of Modified Karydakis Flap and Modified Limberg Flab in the Management of Sacroccygeal Pilonidal Disease: A Comparative Study
Authors: Baz Yasser , Orban Yasser Ali , Ezzat Mohamed Mahmoud
Published: December 2022

Introduction Sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (SPD) is a chronic suppurative condition of the sacrococcygeal region causing chronic sinus tract or cyst. It is an acquired complex disease more common in young adult males, causing considerable morbidity and long periods of interruption in work or education. From simple conservative techniques to complex flap reconstruction, many debatable treatment options are offered; however clear dynamics toward the widespread use of minimally invasive methods and off-midline flap reconstruction are suggested in all guidelines, which recommend the Karydakis and Limberg flap modification. The plethora of literature compares procedures for identification of a single best treatment approach, which has proven to be difficult. The surgical outcome of both techniques is compared in the present study.

Objective To compare the surgical outcomes of the modified Karydakis flap (MKF) versus the modified Limberg flap (MLF) in SPD.

Materials and Methods The present study was conducted at the general surgery department on SPD patients who were ≥18 years old. A total of 67 participants were included after obtaining the informed consent, with group A comprising 33 patients undergoing the MLF procedure and group B comprising 34 patients undergoing the MKF procedure.

Results The mean patient age was 28.85 (range, 18–44) years old. For the MKF and MLF methods, the average operating duration was 32.5 (range, 25–40) and 54.5 (range, 45–65) minutes, respectively. The MKF approach was found to significantly improve pain score, mean sitting painless time, return to normal activity, wound healing time, and patient satisfaction.

Conclusion Comparative outcomes were seen between both MKF and MLF; however, our findings show that MKF is a more favourable method than MLF with superior outcomes.
Management of Palatal Defects after Free-Flap Reconstruction and Radiotherapy
Authors: McIlwain Wesley , Inman Jared , Namin Arya , Kazi Aasif , Shumrick Christopher , Ducic Yadranko
Published: December 2022

Palatal fistulas have significant effects on quality of life. Traditional prosthetic rehabilitation and surgical reconstruction of palate defects in radiation-naïve tissues are well described. However, palatal fistulas developing after initial tumor extirpation, free-flap reconstruction, and adjuvant radiation or chemoradiation are associated with challenging secondary tissue effects. In this review, we will discuss the management of palatal fistulas after surgical reconstruction and radiotherapy.
Elective Colorectal Surgery Service Provision during SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Cunha Pedro Oscar R.
Published: December 2022

The SARS-Cov-2 pandemic and its immediate public health impact has caused severe disruption of regular medical care provision. The morbimortality of other diseases continues to affect people regardless of the viral infection. Indeed, it would be reasonable to assume that they have been aggravated by the period of most restrictive public health measures that were adopted against the virus. Recovery and maintenance of healthcare provision is required despite the ongoing threat. Therefore, it is critical to resume services in a structured and safe way, otherwise greater harm could come to our patients and to ourselves. The present article proposes to be a broad guide to the recovery and maintenance of elective outpatient, surgical and lower endoscopic services, aiding the colorectal surgeon in identifying risks, assessing their multiple dimensions, and implementing risk management strategies in a pragmatic and efficacious way.
Development of a bending-stress-controllable micro-clamp and applications in nanowear study of polyimide terephthalate
Authors: Wang Xiyu , Tang Chuan , Liu Lin , Wang Yang , Qian Linmao , Chen Lei
Published: December 2022

Inner stress that exists in most natural and artificial materials, such as rocks, coatings, glasses, and plastic products, has a significant impact on their tribological properties at any length scale. Here, we designed a bending-stress controllable micro-clamp that can be applied in a high-vacuum atomic force microscope with limited chamber space for the investigation of stress-dependent nanowear behavior. By accurately quantifying the bending degree of the sample in different directions, the mutual transformation and adjustment of tensile or compressive stress could be realized. The stability of the micro-clamp structure was further verified by simulating the bending deformation state of the sample through Ansys calculations. The maximum applied scratch area on the bended sample surface where the variation of bending-induced stress below 5% was defined by the Ansys simulations. The consistency of polyimide terephthalate (PET) wear inside this defined region under both bending-free and bending states verified the stability and reliability of micro-clamp. Finally, the designed micro-clamp was applied to study the effect of bending deformation on friction and wear of PET in the atomic force microscope tests, where the tensile stress generated with bending deformation was found to facilitate the nanowear of PET material sliding against a diamond probe.
Spin Seebeck effect in W-type and Z-type hexagonal ferrite thin films
Authors: Soroka M. , Pashchenko M. , Prokleška J. , Buršík J. , Knížek K.
Published: December 2022

The spin Seebeck effect was studied in thin films of hexagonal ferrites of W-type SrCo2−xZnxFe16O27 with x = 0, 1, and 2 and Z-type with the composition Sr3Co2Fe24O41. The present data were compared with the previously obtained data on Y-type Ba2Zn2−xCoxFe12O22 with x = 0 and 2. Our work showed that the SSE signal can also be generated in materials with complicated crystal and magnetic structures. Hexaferrites with the magnetic easy plane were selected except for uniaxial W-type with x = 2, for which the highest saturated SSE 0.144 μV/K was observed; however, magnetic field above 1 T must be applied to achieve saturation. For low field application, hexaferrites with easy magnetization in ab-plane are more suitable, namely, Y-type with x = 2 or W-type with x = 1. SSE is suppressed in Co-substituted hexaferrites due to the random distribution of Co among various sites. Therefore, the Co cations interfere with the long-range magnetic ordering and diminish the spin-wave propagation. Additional suppression of SSE might be invoked by the higher magnetic anisotropy of the Co-substituted hexaferrites, which opens a gap in the magnon spectrum and, thus, reduces the contribution of lower energy magnons with longer diffusion length.
Study of the internal temperature of rigid polyurethane bodies using temperature sensors
Authors: Zhao HongKai , Gao JiaQi
Published: December 2022

This paper investigates the effect of filling polystyrene foam beads (EPS) on the foaming temperature regulation of rigid polyurethane (RPUF) composites and describes the temperature change process of the first 400 s of the foaming reaction for two systems with high foaming temperature and low foaming RPUF. Different contents of expandable EPS were used to regulate the foaming temperature of RPUF to reduce the internal structural defects of the composite foam material caused by excessive internal foaming temperature which is effectively optimized for its use and low cost. RPUF with HCFC-141B as the physical blowing agent and expandable EPS as the filler were studied. MATLAB software was used to simulate the foaming process of pure RPUF for both systems and to predict the foaming temperature. The comparison with experimental data was made, and it was concluded that the foaming temperature of pure RPUF was too high. In addition, the temperature of the EPS-doped PUF porous composites in the core region and the temperature variation of the upper and lower surfaces during the foaming process were measured using a probe temperature sensor. The internal temperature is represented by a three-dimensional temperature trapezoid. The maximum temperature of the foaming process decreases more rapidly with increasing EPS content. In addition, the high RPUF heat loss and the smaller EPS growth energy lead to an increase in the mass fraction.
ESPNN: A novel electronic stopping power neural-network code built on the IAEA stopping power database. I. Atomic targets
Authors: Bivort Haiek F. , Mendez A. M. P. , Montanari C. C. , Mitnik D. M.
Published: December 2022

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) stopping power database is a highly valued public resource compiling most of the experimental measurements published over nearly a century. The database—accessible to the global scientific community—is continuously updated and has been extensively employed in theoretical and experimental research for more than 30 years. This work aims to employ machine learning algorithms on the 2021 IAEA database to predict accurate electronic stopping power cross sections for any ion and target combination in a wide range of incident energies. Unsupervised machine learning methods are applied to clean the database in an automated manner. These techniques purge the data by removing suspicious outliers and old isolated values. A large portion of the remaining data is used to train a deep neural network, while the rest is set aside, constituting the test set. The present work considers collisional systems only with atomic targets. The first version of the ESPNN (electronic stopping power neural-network code), openly available to users, is shown to yield predicted values in excellent agreement with the experimental results of the test set.
Nonlinear effects in single-particle photothermal imaging
Authors: West Claire A. , Lee Stephen A. , Shooter Jesse , Searles Emily K. , Goldwyn Harrison J. , Willets Katherine A. , Link Stephan , Masiello David J.
Published: December 2022

Although photothermal imaging was originally designed to detect individual molecules that do not emit or small nanoparticles that do not scatter, the technique is now being applied to image and spectroscopically characterize larger and more sophisticated nanoparticle structures that scatter light strongly. Extending photothermal measurements into this regime, however, requires revisiting fundamental assumptions made in the interpretation of the signal. Herein, we present a theoretical analysis of the wavelength-resolved photothermal image and its extension to the large particle scattering regime, where we find the photothermal signal to inherit a nonlinear dependence upon pump intensity, together with a contraction of the full-width-at-half-maximum of its point spread function. We further analyze theoretically the extent to which photothermal spectra can be interpreted as an absorption spectrum measure, with deviations between the two becoming more prominent with increasing pump intensities. Companion experiments on individual 10, 20, and 100 nm radius gold nanoparticles evidence the predicted nonlinear pump power dependence and image contraction, verifying the theory and demonstrating new aspects of photothermal imaging relevant to a broader class of targets.
Effect of downward seepage on turbulence and morphology in mobile boundary sinuous channel
Authors: Taye Jyotismita , Sharma Anurag , Kumar Bimlesh
Published: December 2022

The porous boundary of alluvial channels allows water to interact with the surrounding groundwater. With reduction in groundwater level, transfer of water from the main channel to the groundwater is significant and referred to as downward seepage. The action of downward seepage causes morphological alteration along the sinuous alluvial channel. Laboratory experiments were conducted for no-seepage and seepage conditions to study the effect of downward seepage on turbulence and bed morphology in rectangular and trapezoidal sinuous channels. The deformation along the streambed and bank of the sinuous channels showed remarkable alterations with seepage. Downward seepage caused excess sediment transport in the sinuous channels showing high erosion along banks and streambed. With increased flow rate and downward seepage, prominent depositionalzones near inner region and erosion zones near outer region of the bend were observed in sinuous channel with rectangular cross section. Sinuous channel with trapezoidal cross section showed less morphological change as the side slope was almost equal to the angle of repose of the sand. However, with the application of downward seepage, the streambed of the channel has lowered in elevation, indicating sediment transport. Mean streamwise velocity at the center of the bend showed an average percentage increase in 26% in the rectangular channel and about 20% in the trapezoidal channel with downward seepage. The Reynolds shear stress estimated with downward seepage has increased near the channel bed, indicating high momentum flux. Higher bed shear stress was indicated near the channel bed with downward seepage, which results in downstream sediment transport.
Molecular Berry curvatures and the adiabatic response tensors
Authors: Resta Raffaele
Published: December 2022

Adiabatic transport in a many-electron system is expressed in terms of the appropriate Berry curvature, owing to the Niu–Thouless theory [J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 17, 2453 (1984)]; the main equation is very compact and very general. I address here three paradigmatic adiabatic response tensors—the atomic polar tensor, the atomic axial tensor, and the rotational g factor—and I show that, for all of them, the known formulas do not need an independent proof. They are just case studies of the general expression, for different choices of the curvature’s two arguments.
Habitat element associations in the bird fauna of an Australian farmland landscape
Authors: Murphy Michael J. , Scarff Fiona R.
Published: December 2022

Context The decline of birds in farmland is of global concern. Aims The aim of this paper was to provide a local-scale case study of the bird fauna of temperate inland eastern Australia’s sheep–wheat belt. Methods Relationships between species occurrence and various habitat elements in the landscape were examined in a 342 km2 area of agricultural countryside near Wagga Wagga in southern inland New South Wales, Australia. The pre-agricultural bird fauna of this area was also investigated by collating records from previous studies of nearby larger woodland remnants. Key results The study identified a bird fauna of 115 species compared to 160 species known from nearby woodland remnants. Significant relationships were found with the presence of farm dams, extent of local woodland cover and roadside woodland at the levels of individual species, guilds and total fauna. A small ephemeral wetland also contributed substantially to waterbird diversity. Conclusion Twenty commonly recorded species typical of the farmland matrix and 15 species considered at particular risk of local extinction were identified. At the guild level, frugivore/granivores, small insectivores and hollow-users were found to be associated with remaining woodland elements in the agricultural landscape. Implications Ecologically sustainable management of agricultural areas is essential to avoid further local extinctions. Hollow-using species are expected to be particularly affected by the anticipated widespread loss of trees in the landscape over the next century.
Earthworms and soil mesofauna as early bioindicators for landfill restoration
Authors: Ashwood Frank , Barreto Carlos , Butt Kevin R. , Lampert Martin , Doick Kieron , Vanguelova Elena I.
Published: December 2022

Context Landfill activities physically disrupt soil habitats. When restoring landfill to ‘soft’ end uses such as woodland, the appropriate stockpiling and reapplication of native topsoil to provide suitable soil habitats may enhance soil fauna recolonisation and reduce restoration timeframes. Aims We studied the influence of reclamation practices on earthworm and mesofauna communities, and evaluated the role of earthworms and soil mesofauna as bioindicators of early landfill restoration success. Methods We investigated soil physico–chemical parameters, and earthworm and soil mesofauna communities at two restored landfill sites and the surrounding land uses. We also applied the QBS-collembola (QBS-c) and QBS-earthworm (QBS-e) index techniques in a reclaimed landfill setting. Results Natural colonisation of reclaimed landfill by earthworms occurred rapidly where original site topsoil was stockpiled, reapplied, and revegetated. QBS-e and QBS-c indices indicated that the most disturbed sites generally had the lowest soil biological quality. Mesofauna richness and abundance were generally higher in the low-disturbance sites. Conclusions and implications We demonstrate the value of recording a range of soil invertebrates during land reclamation, since different soil bioindicator groups respond differently to soil disturbance. QBS-c and QBS-e index techniques alongside traditional soil macro- and mesofauna assessments reinforced our observed soil fauna responses to reclamation practices. Thus, we encourage multitaxon soil monitoring during land reclamation. Where landfill restoration was carried out to a poor standard, results suggest that soil mesofauna are better indicators of soil status than earthworms. For future restoration schemes, best-practice methods are recommended to improve poor-quality reclaimed soil materials to facilitate rapid soil fauna recolonisation and soil structural development.
Relationships between building features and wildfire damage in California, USA and Pedrógão Grande, Portugal
Authors: Dossi Simona , Messerschmidt Birgitte , Ribeiro Luís Mário , Almeida Miguel , Rein Guillermo
Published: December 2022

Background Buildings in communities near wildlands, in the wildland–urban interface (WUI), can experience wildfire damage. Aims To quantitatively assess the relationship between building features and damage, a building wildfire resistance index is developed and validated with the 2013–2017 CAL FIRE (DINS) database from California, USA, and the 2017 Pedrógão Grande Fire Complex post-fire investigation from Portugal. Methods Three statistical dependence tests are compared to evaluate the relationship between selected building features and damage. The Wildfire Resistance Index (WRI), range: [–1, 1], is proposed and validated as a rating for building wildfire susceptibility. Key results The most correlated features to wildfire damage are the presence of vent screens and deck materials in California, and exterior walls material and deck materials in Portugal. For Portugal, as WRI increases by 50%, linear regression estimates a 48% decrease in proportion of highly damaged buildings, and a 42% increase in proportion of low damage buildings (R2 of 0.93 and 0.90, respectively). A total of 65% of California buildings with WRI = 1 were destroyed, compared to average 85% for WRI ≥−0.33. Conclusions The WRI quantifies the wildfire damage experienced by buildings in two diverse WUI regions. Implications The WRI could be used as an estimator of wildfire damage but it needs further development.
Modelling polysemy and categorial ambiguity in a constructional family
Authors: Azimdokht Zoleikha , Rafiei Adel , Audring Jenny
Published: December 2022

In this paper we analyse a family of compound constructions in Persian that show two interesting properties: (1) they split into two semantic patterns, human agent noun and instrument noun, and (2) they display categorial ambiguity between noun and adjective. The compounds in question, which are formed with the verbal stem -yāb‘find’, are collected from diachronic and synchronic corpora and analysed in the framework of Construction Morphology (Booij 2010). We argue that the instrumental pattern is an innovation under the influence of loan-translated English instrument nouns. This pattern dovetailed with a much older morphological construction for human agent nouns. This raises questions about the relation between the two constructions in the contemporary speaker’s lexicon. For the dual functionality of the words as nouns and adjectives, we argue that it can be understood as a second order schema (Booij & Masini 2015) or sister construction (Jackendoff & Audring 2019,2020), whereby no precedence is ascribed to either of the two patterns.
3D TiO2 nanotube arrays with anatase-rutile phase junction and oxygen vacancies for promoted photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Meng Ming , Li Chunyang , Li Jitao , Wu Juan , Feng Yamin , Sun Lingling , Yuan Honglei , Liu Kuili
Published: December 2022

Constructing TiO2 phase junction with visible light response, effective separation and transfer of photogenerated charges is desperately needed for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Herein, 3D-TiO2 nanotubes arrays-based phase junction consisted of anatase core and rutile shell as well as oxygen vacancies are successfully fabricated via a new one-step annealing method in Ar atmosphere. The synergistic effect of phase junction and oxygen vacancies not only boosts the separation of photogenerated charges, but also enhances the utilization efficiency of the incident, reflected and/or refracted visible light captured by the 3D configuration. Moreover, the oxygen vacancies can act as electron donors, which could effectively improve the electrical conductivity, and hence further accelerate the separation and transfer of photogenerated charges. Benefiting from these advantages, the optimized 3D-TiO2 NTAs-based phase junction display a maximal photocurrent density of 1.5 mA cm−2 at 0.22 V vs. Ag/AgCl with Faradic efficiency of 100%, which is approximately 1.9 folds higher than that of pure anatase 3D-TiO2 NTAs. The technique and strategy could also be extended to other application of TiO2 NTAs such as solar cells and photocatalysis.
Mechanical properties characterization of 2D materials via pressure bulge testing
Authors: Cao Guoxin , An Fei
Published: December 2022

Pressure bulge testing is one of the standard techniques for characterizing the mechanical properties of thin films, whereas it is far less often used to characterize the mechanical properties of 2D materials. In the present work, the effectiveness of bulge testing on determining the mechanical properties of 2D materials is systematically investigated using numerical analysis. After assuming 2D materials as continuum thin films, we start by simulating the relationship between the pressure difference across the suspended film and the film deflection, and then fit the results with analytical models to extract the elastic modulus of the film. It should be noted that the clamped, pre-stretched film widely assumed in the existing analytical model is not appropriate for atomically thin materials; instead, freestanding 2D materials are actually slack in bulge testing due to the delamination of their adhesive boundary condition. Therefore, the initially unstressed flat films, pre-stretched films and slack films are investigated in the present work, and the Poisson’s ratio effect is considered to investigate the effectiveness of bulge testing for most 2D materials. It is found that bulge testing can be an effective approach to characterize the mechanical properties of 2D materials.
Polar magnetism and chemical bond in α-RuCl3
Authors: Lovesey S W
Published: December 2022

The micaceous black allotrope of ruthenium trichloride is the subject of many recent experimental and theoretical studies. Even so, its structural and magnetic properties remain undecided; monoclinic, trigonal and rhombohedral space groups for the crystal structure have been proposed on the basis of various types of experiments. The magnetic structure is often discussed in the context of the Kitaev state, but inevitably they are inconclusive discussions in the absence of structural and magnetic space groups. Johnsonet alinfer a candidate for the magnetic structure (Cc2/m) from results gathered in an extensive set of experiments on an untwined sample ofα-RuCl3(Johnsonet al2015Phys. Rev.B92235119). The proposed zigzag antiferromagnetic ground state of Ru ions does not respond to bulk magnetic probes, with optical rotation and all forms of dichroism prohibited by symmetry. Experimental techniques exploited by Johnsonet alincluded x-ray and magnetic neutron diffraction. Properties of the candidate magnetic structure not previously explored include polar magnetism that supports Ru Dirac multipoles, e.g. a ruthenium anapole that is also known as a toroidal dipole. In a general case, Dirac dipoles are capable of generating interactions between magnetic ions, as in an electrical Dzyaloshinskii–Moryia interaction (Kaplan and Mahanti 2011Phys. Rev.B83174432; Zhaoet al2021Nat. Mater.20341). Notably, the existence of Dirac quadrupoles in the pseudo-gap phases of cuprate superconductors YBCO and Hg1201 account for observed magnetic Bragg diffraction patterns. Dirac multipoles contribute to the diffraction of both x-rays and neutrons, and a stringent test of the magnetic structure Cc2/m awaits future experiments. From symmetry-informed calculations we show that, the magnetic candidate permits Bragg spots that arise solely from Dirac multipoles. Stringent tests of Cc2/m can also be accomplished by performing resonant x-ray diffraction with signal enhancement from the chlorineK-edge. X-ray absorption spectra published forα-RuCl3possess a significant low-energy feature (Plumbet al2014Phys. Rev.B90041112(R)). Many experimental studies of other Cl-metal compounds concluded that identical features hallmark the chemical bond. Using a monoclinic Cc2/m structure, we predict the contribution to Bragg diffraction at the ClK-edge absorption. Specifically, the variation of intensity of Bragg spots with rotation of the sample about the reflection vector. The two principal topics of our studies, polar magnetism and the chemical bond in the black allotrope of ruthenium trichloride, are brought together in a minimal model of magnetic Ru ions in Cc2/m.
Electrical and thermal transport through

α−T3

NIS junction
Authors: Islam Mijanur , Kapri Priyadarshini
Published: December 2022

We investigate the electrical and thermal transport properties of the

α
−

T
3

based normal metal–insulator–superconductor (NIS) junction using Blonder–Tinkham–Klapwijk theory. We show that the tunneling conductance of the NIS junction is an oscillatory function of the effective barrier potential (χ) of the insulating region up to a thin barrier limit. The periodicity and the amplitudes of the oscillations largely depend on the values of α and the gate voltage of the superconducting region, namely, U
0. Further, the periodicity of the oscillation changes from π to

π

/

2

as we increase U
0. To assess the thermoelectric performance of such a junction, we have computed the Seebeck coefficient, the thermoelectric figure of merit, maximum power output, efficiency at the maximum output power of the system, and the thermoelectric cooling of the NIS junction as a self-cooling device. Our results on the thermoelectric cooling indicate practical realizability and usefulness for using our system as efficient cooling detectors, sensors, etc and hence could be crucial to the experimental success of the thermoelectric applications of such junction devices. Furthermore, for an

α
−

T
3

lattice, whose limiting cases denote a graphene or a dice lattice, it is interesting to ascertain which one is more suitable as a thermoelectric device and the answer seems to depend on the U
0. We observe that for an

α
−

T
3

lattice corresponding to

U
0

=
0

, graphene (α = 0) is more feasible for constructing a thermoelectric device, whereas for

U
0

≫

E

F

, the dice lattice (α = 1) has a larger utility.
Filtering effects on involute gear form measurement
Authors: Reavie Tom , Frazer R C , Shaw Brian
Published: December 2022

Traditional gear measurement results are used to classify a gear tolerance grade in accordance with ISO 1328-1:2013 but as more stringent requirements are placed on gear performance it is important to also characterise performance related features properly on the gear flank surface. However, the measurement uncertainty of the measurement machines is not improving at the same rate as the tolerance requirements, and it is not uncommon to have less than 10 μm tolerances to be measured with a 1–3 μm measurement uncertainty capability. This breaks the ‘rule of thumb’ that the uncertainty should be smaller than one tenth of the value you are trying to measure. It is therefore important to review the measurement and evaluation process to identify if there are any areas for improvement within our current methods. Additionally, the measurements are being used to refine gear tooth contact analysis performance models and the development of optical and high speed tactile scanning measurement methods is allowing the full 3D gear flank surface measurement a feasible option on the shop floor. Greater understanding of the involute flank beyond the standard evaluation limits is thus required. These additional requirements have prompted this review of the effect that the Gaussian filters specified in ISO 1328-1:2013 have and that their characteristics are fully understood by those who must perform and interpret the measurement results. This paper examines the effect that these filters have on measurements where micro geometry corrections, such as tip relief, or tooth tip and end face chamfers are present. Methods of minimising these effects are reviewed with specific reference to strategies defined in ISO 16610-28:2016. Recommendations are offered to minimise the effects when evaluating the gear tolerance class and quantifying gear flank micro geometry.