bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approach Uses Intentional Deadheading of ESPs To Improve Run Life
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: November 2022

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 204521, “Intentionally Deadheading SAGD ESPs: An Unconventional Approach To Improve Run Life,” by J. Daine Studer, Jesus E. Chacin, SPE, and Roger Walters, SPE, ConocoPhillips, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

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Electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) used in steam-assisted gravity-drainage (SAGD) applications run at the highest motor temperatures possible. However, they cool very rapidly when shut down. High cooling rates promote motor oil volumetric contraction, eventually leading to wellbore fluid ingress and short-circuited motors. The complete paper discusses successful field tests designed to decrease ESP cooling rates by inducing controlled deadheads rather than shutting down ESPs. Various extended-deadhead field trials (of up to 70 or more days in duration) validated the approach while confirming that no deadhead-related ESP damage was induced.

Introduction

In conventional operations, when ESPs operate in deadhead mode (i.e., no flow into the production line), all useful lifting work turns into heat and the ESP can overheat rapidly. The tendency to overheat increases as the gas/oil ratio of the lifted fluid increases. This type of overheating failure usually manifests as burnt stage components and cable burns close to the pump. At the Surmont SAGD plant, however, anecdotal evidence when ESPs inadvertently ran for a few hours in deadhead mode showed that SAGD ESPs cooled during deadhead events. This was the genesis of the project presented in the paper, which is to intentionally deadhead, rather than shut down, SAGD ESPs to offset or partially offset naturally occurring rapid cooling.

Application Background

A typical Surmont ESP producer completion features wells that are surface-cased with 13⅜-in. casing to approximately 120 m, and 9⅝-in. to approximately 350–450 m true vertical depth. Horizontal sections range from 600 to 800 m in length and are terminated with 7-in. slotted liners or flow-control-device strings. ESPs produce through 3½-in. tubing and are set at an inclination angle of 75° to 82° in specially drilled tangent sections. A 21/16-in. guide string is used to protect and land as deep as possible an optical fiber string inside a protective coiled string (1¼ in.). This optical fiber is used to obtain distributed temperature measurements. A bubble tube is bundled inside the ESP power cable to provide single-point downhole pressure measurements at pump-setting depth (PSD) in the annular space.

Most ESPs used at Surmont feature power ranging from 60 to 180 hp to lift total gross production rates to the 1,000–6,500 B/D range. Water cuts average from 70 to 73%. The most-common failure modes experienced at Surmont caused by temperature cycling include worn mechanical shaft seals, metal bellows overextension, and thrust bearing wear (Fig. 1).
Technology Focus: Sand Management (October 2022)
Authors: Abbasy Imran
Published: November 2022

A step change is noticeable in the quality of papers from the previous 2 years. First, the papers have better technical content; second, they are pushing the boundaries of currently accepted technologies and mores. Perhaps this is because of a desire to produce from ever-more-difficult and -challenging wells. The current energy crisis and higher prices as a result have encouraged the application of new technology, which, in a low-energy-price environment, generally takes a back seat. This is a good thing for the technology junkies of this world.

A few technology areas are worth mentioning. Although ceramic sand screens have been around for a few years, this year there were more than the usual number of papers on this technology. For those interested in probing the operating limits and life span of these screens, paper OTC 31896 is worth reading.

Sand consolidation continues to be a subject of interest, perhaps because of its noninvasive nature. Besides, it is potentially low-cost and has been used widely with success. This year, there were 10 papers on the subject. An interesting paper worthy of mention is SPE 208808, which introduces a novel temperature-activated, “green” consolidation fluid.

In paper SPE 207193, the authors propose a fast and accurate machine-learning algorithm to predict the onset of sanding in sandstone formations. The algorithm uses 11 geological and reservoir parameters that directly affect sand production. The answer is binary (i.e., sand production will or will not occur). This could be a great tool for completion engineers.

Finally, there was extensive coverage of sand management in the topsides, an area often overlooked. This trend is encouraging. Paper OTC 31554 is thought-provoking. It discusses the first field installation of a patented device that modifies the flow profile to alleviate the impact of solids at critical points.

I hope you enjoy the papers.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

OTC 31872 Improving Erosion Wear Life of Completion Equipment in High-Flow-Rate Conditions by Numerical Design Optimization for Influx Equalization by Gocha G. Chochua, Schlumberger, et al.

SPE 208839 Completion Standardization Using Conformable Sand-Screen Technology in Multilayered Ultrafine Sand Reservoir by Ricardo Gomez Simancas, Cabinda Gulf Oil, et al.

SPE 208845 A Comprehensive Review of Sand-Retention Test Methods and Data Analysis With a Focus on Application by Tanner Linden, Constien and Associates, et al.
Detecting Misbehaving Nodes in Manet in Cluster Node Using FC Based on-Demand Routing Protocol
Authors: Vithiyanathan Rajesh Kannan , Arputham Charles
Published: November 2022

Many of developed researchers focused in the field of ad hoc temporary network because of this only network is effectively communication from source to destination in the time of un-avoidance or natural issues. Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) affects for many challenging issue such as multipath routing, wasted energy, wasted bandwidth, attacks, drop, loss etc. Multipath is one of un-avoided concept of MANET they lead to easy communication between two nodes using intermediate hops due to problem of obstacle in active path or network this types of topology is very flexible share information through different paths. Part of in this work implemented Cluster Head based On-Demand Routing Protocol called Cluster Head based Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Routing Protocol using Fuzzy Controller (FCH-AODV) they work path selection routing between source and destination via active intermediate nodes for mobile network specially developed to aware head node compare to existing Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Routing Protocol (AODV), implement and tested using NS2.
The Relationship Between Students' Metacognition and Graphic Organisers: A Scoping Review
Authors: Huang Yueyi , Tsapali Maria
Published: November 2022

Metacognition is a complex cognitive function that is considered to be one of the most important goals of education. One of the most effective ways to enhance metacognition suggested in the literature is using graphic organisers. However, it is unclear how graphic organisers can facilitate metacognition and what the relationship between them is. The present study is a scoping review that fills this gap and maps the current literature regarding metacognition, graphic organisers and their relationship. Online databases were used to identify papers, from which 25 of them were selected. The results of the review show that there are three types of graphic organisers-metacognition relationship: (1) graphic organisers are used in interventions to enhance metacognition, (2) a combination of graphic organisers and metacognition activities is used in interventions to enhance learning outcomes, and (3) graphic organisers are used to evaluate metacognition. The review also highlights the need for further studies in the field that use experimental design and include younger learners, and diverse subjects, learning domains and contexts. The present study concludes by offering instructional insights for designing metacognition interventions by utilising graphic organisers as aids.
Gallic acid promotes polarization of M2 macrophages through p38MAPK/STAT6 signaling pathway in vitro
Authors: Gu Xiaoli , Zhu yanan , Wang linyuan , Guan Ning , Li Chenguang
Published: November 2022

Background Interleukin-4 (IL-4)-stimulated M2 macrophage activation contributes to anti-inflammatory activity, tissue repair, and wound healing. Gallic acid (GA) the effect and underlying mechanism of gallic acid on the polarization of M2 macrophages remain to be elucidated.
Methods and Results We constructed an M2 macrophages polarization model induced by 20 ng/mL IL-4, which were incubated alone (M0) or with GA at 10 µM, 20 µM, 30µM, and 40 µM for 24 h or pretreated with the p38MAPK inhibitor SB202190. We showed that F4/80+CD206+ M2 macrophages proportion (flow cytometry), IL-10, Arg1, and TGF-β1 expression levels (real-time PCR and Western blotting), and STAT6 and p38MAPK phosphorylation levels (Western blotting) were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the GA group, as compared with the IL-4 group. After pretreatment with SB202190, M2-type macrophages proportion and their associated factors expression was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced, as compared with those in the GA group, but they were comparable (P > 0.05) with the IL-4 group.
Conclusions Results of the present study suggest that GA promotes M2 macrophages polarization in a concentration-dependent manner, through the p38MAPK/STAT6 signaling pathway, providing new clues for cell-targeted therapies in M2 macrophages-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Antithrombotic therapy in patients after TAVR: an up-date meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Qiong , Shen Li , Xu Danyan , Wang Yurong
Published: November 2022

Background: Antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy can reduce the risk of thrombosis in patients after TAVR, but there is no consensus on the risk of bleeding, and current antithrombotic regimens for patients after TAVR are based on empirical treatment with no expert consensus. We performed a meta-analysis to summarize the efficacy and safety of mono-antiplatelet, mono-anticoagulation, and dual-antiplatelet therapy in patients after TAVR alone and NOACs, VKA, and OAC plus SAPT for patients with TAVR combined with AF.
Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and then performed a systematic review of all randomized controlled trials and cohort studies.
Results: In patients with TAVR without an indication for oral anticoagulants, SAPT and DAPT did not differ significantly in all-cause mortality, stroke events in the opposite direction, while SAPT was associated with a lower bleeding rate (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.04-3.09, p = 0.04), and OAC and SAPT, although not different in each endpoint event, were not recommended due to their safety Use. In patients with an indication for oral anticoagulation, NOACs did not differ significantly in all-cause mortality, bleeding and embolic events compared with VKA. OAC + SAPT significantly increased the risk of bleeding compared with OAC alone (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.14-1.55, p = 0.0003).
Conclusions:SAPT treatment reduces the risk of bleeding and does not increase the risk of mortality or stroke in patients with TAVR without an indication for oral anticoagulants; NOACs is the preferred option for patients with TAVR combined with AF with an indication for oral anticoagulants and is not recommended to be added to antiplatelet drugs.
SPRAG: Building and Benchmarking a Short Programming Related Answer Grading Dataset
Authors: Bonthu Sridevi , S S Rama , Prasad M. H.M. Krishna
Published: November 2022

Automated Short Answer Grading (ASAG) is one of the most studied applications of NLP in the education domain. Most of the work in this area focuses on natural language responses. The main contribution of this work is the building and benchmarking of the Short Programming Related Answer Grading dataset. The corpus contains questions and answers taken from python programming subjects involving symbols, keywords, and no grammar. We propose data collection, preprocessing, and annotating methods that enable the creation of the corpus. This paper also provides an initial analysis of the corpus. A range of pre-trained sentence-transformer models are evaluated on the dataset for classification. We find that fine-tuning the pre-trained models results in the best performance for binary classification. The dataset is freely available to the public.
Characterization of dokha tobacco species and microbial communities using DNA barcoding
Authors: Leinberger-Jabari Andrea , Walwyn-Pollard Odaelys , Subramanian Mira , Garbarino Jeanne , Ali Raghib , Sherman Scott E.
Published: November 2022

Little is known about dokha tobacco, an emerging alternative tobacco product that is quickly gaining popularity in the Arabian Gulf, Middle East, and Europe. Dokha is a loose tobacco sold in small jars and is smoked in a small pipe called a “midwakh”. The aim of this study was to analyze the biological components of dokha samples using DNA barcoding, sequencing, and microbial assays.
Fifteen dokha samples were collected from retail locations in the UAE and US. DNA was extracted from samples and analyzed using both DNA barcoding and whole genome sequencing. DNA barcoding was achieved by PCR amplification using rbcL primer sets. BLAST and BOLD plant libraries were used for sample identification. Whole genome sequence analysis was completed using the OneCodex taxonomic classification tool.
DNA extraction yielded a range of 0.5 – 4ng/ul from 100mg tobacco samples. All samples were identified within the genus Nicotiana and had hits on various species. There were no hits on other plant species. Whole genome sequencing showed bacterial colonization on a number of the samples. Bacterial species included novel strains of Clostridium (C105KSO15, C105KSO14, and C105KSO14), Campylobacter, and Streptococcus.
Analysis of these samples revealed that dokha tobacco consists of pure Nicotiana tobacco leaf, and is not mixed with other substances. Further microbial communities exist in much the same pattern as other commercial tobacco products, which suggests this is a harmful tobacco product.
Designing Accountability Measures for Health Professionals: Results from a community-based micro-credential: Case Study on Indigenous Cultural Safety
Authors: Mashford-Pringle Angela , Tan Sharon , Stutz Sterling , Tjong Gabriel
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThere is a widespread commitment to implementing anti-Indigenous racism with health organizations by introducing cultural safety staff training. In partnership with a public health unit in Ontario, Canada, we developed an evaluation tool to assess the performance of staff who completed an online Indigenous cultural safety education course.MethodsWe co-created a professional development accountability checklist. Five areas of interest were identified: terminology, knowledge, awareness, skills, and behaviours. The checklist comprises of 37 indicators linked to our community collaborators’ intended goals as defined in our partnership agreement.ResultsThe Indigenous Cultural Safety Evaluation Checklist was shared with public health managers to use during regularly scheduled staff performance evaluations. The pilot of the checklist is in the preliminary stage and data is unavailable about effectiveness and use.ConclusionsAccountability tools are important to sustain the long-term effects of cultural safety education and prioritize the wellbeing of Indigenous communities. Our experience can provide guidance to health professionals in creating and measuring the efficacy of Indigenous cultural safety education to foster an anti-racist work culture as well as improved health outcomes among Indigenous communities.
Development of prognostic index based on necroptosis-related genes in patient with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hua Xiangfan , Sun Junjun , Liu Weifeng , Yang Yanhui
Published: November 2022

Development of prognostic index based on necroptosis-related genes in patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods By analyzing the expression levels of 159 NRGs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database,36 differentially expressed NRGs were screened.Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to evaluate the underlying molecular mechanisms of differentially expressed NRGs in HCC.[1]The STRING online tool was used to establish a PPI network to evaluate the interactions among NRG-coded proteins. Results were observed using the Cytoscape software.The prognostic value of NRGs was established using COX regression, and a prognostic risk model for scoring patients was subsequently developed. Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to determine the prognostic value of the model. Finally, the performance of the model was successfully validated with the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) sub-dataset.
Result Compared with normal tissues,34 highly upregulated and 2 downregulated NRGs in HCC tissues were screened.GO analysis results revealed that these 36 genes are indeed related to necroptosis the function. KEGG analysis revealed that these 36 genes were correlated with Necroptosis,NLRs,Shigellosis,MAPK,andTNF signaling pathways.COX regression showed that these 4 NRGs (HSP90AA1, PPIA, SQSTM1, USP21) were associated with prognosis and developed a model.According to the high and low risk score, the patients were divided into high-risk groups and low-risk groups.The risk model had a better clinical potency than the other clinical characteristics, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC =0.806).
Conclusion Based on the differential expression of NRGs, we established a novel risk model for predicting HCC prognosis.It also provides a new basis for the study of necroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.
BMAL1 involved in autophagy and injury of thoracic aortic endothelial cells of rats induced by intermittent heat stress through AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway
Authors: Yang Chunli , Deng Ziwei , Zeng Qihang , Chang Xiaoyu , Wu Xiaomin , Li Guanghua
Published: November 2022

Background
The physiological activities of the body have obvious biological rhythm. As the core of circadian rhythm, BMAL1 is the only clock gene whose deletion can lead to abnormal physiological function. However, it has not been reported whether heat exposure at different time can affect cardiovascular function changes by changing the circadian rhythm of clock genes. This study aimed to investigate whether autophagy is mediated by AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway under intermittent heat exposure, and the effect of BMAL1 expression on thoracic aortic autophagy and apoptosis.
Methods
Intermittent heat stress model was established in vitro and vivo, western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expressions of autophagy, apoptosis, AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway and BMAL1. And then Autophagy was inhibited and activated, western blot and immunofluorescence detected the changes of autophagy and apoptosis. Finally, BMAL1 was silenced, RT-qPCR detected the expression of autophagy and apoptosis.
Results
Our study suggested heat stress induced autophagy and apoptosis were in RTAECs. In addition, intermittent heat stress raised AMPK and ULK1 but reduced the phosphorylation of mTOR in RTAECs, and autophagy inhibition by compound C reversed the expression of phosphorylation AMPK, mTOR and ULK1, the expression of Beclin1 and LC3-II/LC3-I decreased compared to the group of intermittent heat stress in vitro. Furthermore, Rapamycin mediated autophagy promoted apoptotic effects, and autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) depressed the expression of apoptosis in vitro. After administration of Rapamycin, LC3-II/LC3-I, Beclin1 and Bax were further upregulated, whereas 3-MA alleviated the cells death. Finally, BMAL1 was elevated in vitro and vivo, and shBMAL1 reduced the expression of autophagy and apoptosis.
Conclusion
We revealed that intermittent heat stress induced apoptosis and autophagy. BMAL1 may involve in the occurrence of autophagy and apoptosis by AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway.
A Gene Pathway Enrichment Method Based on Improved TF-IDF Algorithm
Authors: Xu Shutan , Leng Yinhui , Feng Guofu , Zhang Chenjing , Chen Ming
Published: November 2022

Gene pathway enrichment analysis is a widely used method to analyze whether a gene set is statistically enriched on certain biological pathway network. Current gene pathway enrichment methods commonly consider local importance of genes in pathways without considering the interactions between genes. In this paper, we propose a gene pathway enrichment method (GIGSEA) based on improved TF-IDF algorithm. This method employs gene interaction data to calculate the influence of genes based on the local importance in a pathway as well as the global specificity. Computational experiment result shows that, compared with traditional gene set enrichment analysis method, our proposed method in this paper can find more specific enriched pathways related to phenotype with higher efficiency.
Reversing increased neuronal nitric oxide synthase in Alzheimer’s disease prevents aberrant glutamatergic calcium responses
Authors: Balez Rachelle , Stevens Claire H. , Lenk Kerstin , Maksour Simon , Sidhu Kuldip , Sutherland Greg , ooi lezanne
Published: November 2022

Background
Nitrosative stress is a feature of Alzheimer’s disease, however the underlying mechanisms driving nitrosative stress and the impact of nitric oxide on neuronal function in Alzheimer’s disease is still largely unknown.
Methods
We analysed neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) protein levels in post mortem tissue and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived neurons from Alzheimer’s patients and controls by immunohistochemistry and western blots. Furthermore, we assessed the impact of modulating nNOS function or nitric oxide levels on neuronal glutamatergic signalling using calcium imaging.
Results
We show that nNOS protein levels are increased in early and severely affected brain regions of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease post mortem tissue, but not late and mildly affected regions, or cognitively normal individuals. The increased nNOS phenotype was also present in iPSC-derived neurons from Alzheimer’s disease patients compared to controls, along with increased levels of nitrite, a stable marker of nitric oxide. We observed a divergent functional impact of nitric oxide that included strengthening the calcium response in control neurons, while dysregulating calcium signaling and altering the amplitude and kinetics of the calcium responses to glutamate in the Alzheimer’s disease neurons. Pharmacological modulation of nitric oxide levels or production prevented aberrant calcium signaling in Alzheimer’s disease neurons.
Conclusions
Together these data identify increases in nNOS protein in Alzheimer’s disease. Functional data suggest nitric oxide modulation of glutamatergic calcium signaling is neuroprotective under non-pathogenic conditions, with increased nNOS and nitric oxide contributing to pathogenic signaling changes during Alzheimer’s disease.
Preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI combined with microvascular invasion can effectively improve the predictive efficacy of early recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma : a Two- center Study
Authors: Zhang Jiyun , Lu Xinyu , Zhang Tao , Zhang Xueqin
Published: November 2022

Objectives
To compare the effective of preoperative factors based on gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pre-/postoperative factors in predicting early recurrence of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgical resection.
Methods
This is a retrospective two-center study, from July 2013 to November 2018 consecutive patients underwent surgery for HCC with preoperative gadoxetate disodium (EOB)-enhanced MR were enrolled, to training and testing sets. In the training sets, multivariate Cox regression analyses of preoperative and postoperative high risk predictors of early HCC recurrence (EHR) were performed. Preoperative and pre-/postoperative prediction models were constructed. In the training sets and testing sets, using the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves to evaluate the discrimination of the two prediction models, area under curves (AUC) were calculated. The diagnostic performance of each risk features and combine features were also calculated. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) were analysed by the Kaplan–Meier method with the log-rank test.
Results
Three MRI features were independently associated with EHR: (nonhypervascular hepatobiliary phase(HBP) hypointense nodule (NHHN) (Hazard Ratio(HR) = 3.700), non-smooth tumour margin (HR = 2.781), and hepatobiliary phase (HBP) peritumoural hypointensity (HR = 2.614). After adding postoperative histopathologic factors, presence of microvascular invasion (MVI) and one MRI features were independently associated with EHR: MVI (HR = 3.885), NHHN (HR = 4.320). In the training sets, AUCs for the two models were 0.821 (preoperative prediction models), 0.890 (pre-/postoperative prediction models). In the testing sets, AUCs for the two models were 0.748 (preoperative prediction models), 0.794 (pre-/postoperative prediction models). The diagnostic performance of each risk factor and combine factors were all lower than the two prediction models.
Conclusions
In this two-center study, the preoperative and pre-/postoperative prediction models demonstrate good performance for predicting EHR, the AUC of the two prediction model better than only the MVI risk factor. In the preoperative prediction model, NHHN, non-smooth tumour margin, and HBP peritumoural hypointensity can be used preoperatively to estimate the risk of early recurrence after resection of a single HCC. Such models might be useful to guide treatment strategies and enable a step forward for precise medicine.
Development of modern immunizing agent against porcine circovirus type 2 infection based on chimeric VP1-PCV2bCap recombinant protein
Authors: Vrablikova Alena , Fojtikova Martina , Fraiberk Martin , Kotoucek Jan , Kulich Pavel , Brezani Veronika , Gebauer Jan , Novobilsky Adam , Maskova Eliska , Zechmeisterova Kristina , Strakova Nicol , Masek Josef , Psikal Ivan , Hezova Renata
Published: November 2022

Porcine circovirus type 2 is the main causative agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, which affects the immune system of swine and causes widespread epidemics in livestock farms resulting in significant piglet mortality and economic losses every year. Although several commercial vaccines were developed, the efficiency and safety need to be improved. Therefore, we have engineered the chimeric complex containing PCV2bCap protein based on virus like particles (VLPs) and the mouse polyomavirus (MPyV) as VLPs represent modern and safe alternative of classical vaccine with high B cells stimulating activity. The ability of this complex to induce an immune response in both mouse and pig models in vivo were evaluated. Firstly, experimental mice were divided into 4 groups and immunized with sterile buffer and VP1-PCV2bCap with different adjuvants, the immune response was monitored for 10 weeks. Robust immune response was detected after the first immunization and gradually increased after the second and third dose, especially in mice immunized by recombinant protein with Emulsigen (10%) as an adjuvant. Subsequently, to confirm the vaccine efficacy in a target organism, 8-week-old piglets were immunized with VP1-PCV2bCap protein with Emulsigen (10%). The levels of anti-PCV2b specific IgG antibodies were significantly increased in piglets after the second immunization. Finally, strong neutralizing activity of these antibodies was confirmed in PK-15 cells infected with PCV2 Stoon 1010. VP1-PCV2bCap protein complex appears as a promising candidate vaccine for preventing disease associated with PCV2 infection in pigs.
Stereo PIV study of laminar-turbulent transition at 180o sharp bend inside a rectangular duct
Authors: Ali Nishab , Tariq Andallib
Published: November 2022

See manuscript PDF file for full abstract with equations.
Evolution of fully developed laminar flow (𝑅𝑒 = 800) around 180° sharp bend of a rectangular duct, and its subsequent transition into turbulent flow has been characterized by using the Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry (stereo-PIV, 2D3C) system. Results have been captured for numerous imaging planes to develop a fundamental understanding of flow progression inside the duct. A shear layer that separates the region of mainstream turning flow from the recirculation region (created near the divider wall) is observed at the recirculation boundary. Centrifugal instabilities in the mainstream turning flow arise by the sharp bend, and thus the secondary flows in the form of a counter-rotating pair of Dean vortices get induced. Two pairs of counter-rotating Dean vortices are being formed after 90° turning (at plane P7y−z), which merge into single pair after 180° turning (at plane P8x−y). It is observed that these set of Dean vortices plays a very significant role in the laminar-turbulent transition at the bend. The complete 180° turn results in a sharp 1825% increment in spatially averaged turbulent kinetic energy (k), and a 287% rise in spatially averaged wall normal root mean square (RMS) velocity fluctuations (vrms), at vertical planes in the direction of flow progression.
Complete chloroplast genomes of three cultivated Cucurbita species: insights into adaptive evolution, phylogenetic relationship, and cpSSR marker development
Authors: Wang Putao , Zhou Cong , Zhang Yu , Wu Caijun , Zeng Qun , Zeng Chenghong , Zhou Qinghong , Zhu Qianglong
Published: November 2022

Background: Cucurbita moschata, C. maxima, and C. argyrosperma are the most well-known horticultural crops of the Cucurbitafamily. These Cucurbita species are taxonomically and phylogenetically puzzling resulted from similar feature and interspecies hybridization.
Results: The complete chloroplast genome size of C. moschata, C. maxima, and C. argyrosperma were assembled and studied for the first time in this study, with genome sizes of 157,644, 157,204, and 157,809bp, respectively. The 130 annotated genes were identified in these genomes, comprising eight rRNA, 37 tRNA, and 85 protein-coding genes, were organized into conserved quadripartite circular topologies. A comparison within Cucurbitashowed that the highly variable region (trnL-ndhJ) was identified to serve a specific DNA barcode, and three genes (atpE, clpP, and ycf1) showed significant selective sites under positive selection. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the five cultivated crops of Cucurbita were clustered into one monophyletic group, suggesting that the completion of more chloroplast genomes would help clarify the phylogenetic relationship among Cucurbita. Additionally, ten polymorphic SSRs were identified, which can be used to explore the evolutionary relationships and identify Cucurbita.
Conclusion: These results will help identify the species, molecular breeding, adaptive evolution, and phylogenetic relationshipsof Cucurbita.
Intestinal endogenous metabolites affect neuroinflammation in 5 ×FAD mice by mediating "gut-brain" axis and the intervention with Chinese Medicine
Authors: Gu Xinru , Zhou Yanyan , Zhang Yan , Wang Linna , Gao Wenya , Luo Keke , Sun Bo , Li Tao , Wang Hongjie , Si Nan , Wei Xiaolu , Bian Baolin , Zhao Haiyu
Published: November 2022

Emerging evidence suggested the association between gut
dysbiosis and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression. However, it
remains unclear how the gut microbiome and neuroinflammation in the
brain mutually interact or how these interactions affect brain
functioning and cognition. Here we hypothesized that “gut-brain”
axis mediated by microbial derived metabolites was expected to
novel breakthroughs in the fields of AD research and
development.

Methods: Multiple technologies, such as
immunofluorescence, 16s rDNA sequencing, mass spectrometry-based
metabolomics (LC-QQQ-MS and GC-MS), were used to reveal potential
links between gut microbiota and the metabolism and cognition of
the host. Results: Microbial depletion induced by
antibiotic cocktail verified that “gut-brain” can transmit
information bidirectionally. SCFAs-producing bacteria and
amino-producing bacteria fluctuated greatly in 5 ×FAD mice,
especially the reduction sharply of the Bifidobacteriaceae
and the increase of the Lachnospiraceae family.
Concentrations of several Tryptophan-kynurenine intermediates,
lactic acid, CD4+ cell, and CD8+ cells were
higher in serum of 5 ×FAD mice, whilst TCA cycle intermediates and
Th1/Th2 were lower. In addition, the levels of iso-butyric acid
(IBA) in fances, serum, and brain of 5 ×FAD mice were increased
compared with WT-M mice, especially in serum. And IBA in the brain
was positively correlated with Aβ and proinflammatory
factors.

Conclusion Together, our finding highlighted
that the alternation in gut microbiota affected the effective
communication between the “gut-brain” axis in 5 ×FAD mice by
regulating the immune system, carbohydrate, and energy
metabolism.
Hydrological drought severity in different return periods in rivers of Ardabil Province, Iran
Authors: Ghabelnezam Elnaz , Mostafazadeh Raoof , Hazbavi Zeinab
Published: November 2022

Considering the critical role of hydrological drought in water exploitation and management, this study was conducted to analyze the drought severity in different return periods in rivers of Ardabil Province (area = 17,953 km2). To this end, the Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) was computed using DrinC software at 1, 3, and 6-month time scales for 25 hydrometric stations during 1981–2014. Then, the drought intensity was evaluated with CumFreq software in different return periods (2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100). Finally, the relationship between discharge, SDI, and return periods was analyzed using triple diagram models. The results revealed the mild and moderate drought intensity for whole study stations of Ardabil Province. The mean values of SDI in 1, 3, and 6-month time scales were 2.37, 1.96, and 1.89, respectively. At all study time scales, the drought intensity increases with increasing return period in rivers with low and high flows, to the extent that occurs in the 100-year return period in rivers with high flow.
Geospatial Database Design for implementing enhanced Local Governance with spatial analysis: A Case study of Manesar area – India
Authors: Dev Manuj , Krishna Vanama Venkata Sai , Kumar Deepak , Kainthola Ashutosh , Jha Manas Kumar
Published: November 2022

Multi-agency investments require local coordination, planning, and implementation. GIS allows us to analyze and comprehend real-world processes by constructing and applying manipulation, analytical criteria, and models for daily decision making. This requires a geospatial database with surveyed land, assets, hydro, etc. Survey of India (SOI) is publishing a topographical map of India with significant cities, areas of interest, and a geodetic benchmark. Different states in India have set up a complete geographic database with land parcels, asset mapping, and administrative borders usually based on the national land record modernization program survey. Many state and local governments also have geospatial databases. Existing geospatial database designs are based on individual requirements that have generated a large volume of duplicate, unformatted, unstructured data. These datasets lacked coordination or logical intercorrelation with other departments' datasets. It served a single department's needs. This causes redundant data, low quality, and a lack of data understanding. The problem's appropriate representation is key to solving it. The Study creates a Common Geo Database for the region to improve collaboration and working. After consulting civil, electrical, and planning engineers, a common database is created. GIS adoption has improved day-to-day decision-making.
Design of a novel instrument for cold excision of bladder tumors under local anesthesia
Authors: Wu Ronghua , Liu Xing , Feng huan , Yajun Song , Ya Xiao , Chen Wei , Yi Shanhong , Fu Weihua
Published: November 2022

Objective: To design a new cold dissection instrument for bladder tumors that can be used under local anesthesia without the need for general or intralesional anesthesia. The instrument will be used for cold dissection of bladder tumors based on the existing cystoscopy routine operation channel. The device will be combined with the cocktail protocol to accomplish cold resection of bladder tumors under local anesthesia
METHODS: 3-dmax mapping was used to design the instrument by combining the existing Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection technique in gastroenterology with the existing bladder injection needle and bipolar electrocoagulation equipment in the clinic. We also assessed the effect of "cocktail" anesthesia on the prevention of closed nerve reflex during tumor resection.
RESULTS: The prototype this device was successfully designed using 3dmax. We then assessed if the injection needle, electrocoagulator, and ligature ring commonly used in clinical practice can be used in combination based on the existing cystoscopic access，The existing instruments used in the department of gastroenterology can complete the functions we imagined, and the physical size can meet the requirements of the existing cystoscope endoscope channel. We also demonstrated that the cocktail protocol was successfully in preventing the occurrence of Obturator reflex of bladder lateral wall tumor.
CONCLUSION: The instrument was successfully developed and used for cold excision of bladder tumors in combination with the cocktail protocol. This instrument has wide clinical utility as its use can be extended to all scenarios requiring endoscopic resection, including gastroscopy.
Selective anatomical catheter ablation of left atrial ganglionated plexus for vasovagal syncope: left superior and right anterior ganglionated plexus ablation
Authors: Lin Jianwei , Liu Qiang , Jiang Ruhong , Chen Shiquan , Yu Lu , Jiang Chenyang
Published: November 2022

Background
Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is one of the most common causes of syncope. Traditional treatment has not achieved satisfactory results. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of selective anatomical catheter ablation of left atrial ganglionated plexus (GP) as a therapeutic strategy for the patients of symptomatic VVS.
Methods
A total of 70 patients with at least once recurrent syncopal episodes of VVS with positive head-up tilt test were enrolled. They were divided into GP ablation group and control group. Patients in GP ablation group were received anatomical catheter ablation of left superior ganglionated plexus (LSGP) and right anterior ganglionated plexus (RAGP). Patients in control group were guideline-direted conventional therapy. The primary endpoint was VVS recurrences. The secondary endpoint was recurrence of syncope and prodrome events.
Results
There were no statistical differences in clinical characteristics between the ablation group (n = 35) and control group (n = 35). Over a follow-up of 12 months, ablation group had significantly lower syncope recurrence compared with control group (5.7% vs. 25.7%, P = 0.02), and ablation group had significantly lower syncope and prodrome recurrence compared with control group (11.4% vs. 51.4%, P < 0.001). In GP ablation, 88.6% of the patients showed significant vagal response during LSGP ablation, and 88.6% of the patients showed significant increased heart rate during RAGP ablation.
Conclusions
For patients with recurrent VVS, selective anatomical catheter ablation of LSGP and RAGP is superior to conventional therapy in reducing syncope recurrence.
RNA splicing of a long cox2i691 and the evolution of cox2 introns in angiosperm mitochondria
Authors: Edera Alejandro A. , Williams Anna V. , Howell Katharine A. , Nevill Paul G. , Small Ian , Sanchez-Puerta M. Virginia
Published: November 2022

In angiosperms, the mitochondrial cox2 gene harbors up to two introns, commonly referred to as cox2i373 and cox2i691. Although each of these introns is ~1.5 kb in length, a cox2i691 of 4.2 kb has been reported in Acacia ligulata (Fabaceae). It is still unclear whether its unusual length is due to a trans-splicing arrangement, the loss of functionality of the interrupted cox2, or a rare elongation of a cis-spliced intron. Here, we tried to shed light on these hypotheses by thoroughly analyzing short-read RNA sequencing with a multi-step computational strategy. The results revealed that the Acacia cox2 is very likely functional and its long intron is spliced in cis in a very efficient manner despite its length. To better characterize how conserved cox2i691 is among angiosperms, we studied 222 fully-sequenced mitogenomes from 30 plant orders. Unlike cox2i373, our results point out that cox2i691 shows a distribution among plants that is shaped by frequent intron loss events driven by localized retroprocessing. In addition, cox2i691 undergoes episodic elongations that are taxonomically scattered and poorly related to genome-wide repeat content. Such elongations were found to occur within domain IV and seem to be due to the incorporation of exogenous DNA. Surprisingly, we found that cox2i691 is erroneously annotated as absent in 30 mitogenomes deposited in public databases.
DCNN Based Technique to Analyze the Data of Foggy and Snowy Season
Authors: Harne Sachin , Choubey Siddhartha , Choubey Abha
Published: November 2022

Image Quality Analysis (IQA) is most significant concepts that is gaining attention among the researchers. Most images are considerably influenced by ambient lights. HumanVisual System perceives theimages quality in day and night time that causes the deprivation of luminance and features. In this article, we put forward an adaptive fuzzy-based DCNN technique that estimates the loss and enhancement of the images during seasonal changes. The natural scenery images are collected and preprocessed using Gaussian filter method that removes the unwanted noises. The preprocessed image is then guided with a guided filter method that helps to segment the seasonal changes of an image. The statistical features are extracted from the Adaptive Fuzzy-based Gamma Correction method that specifically leverages the gamma parameters using fuzzy-based decisional approach. Further on, the Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) is running to classify the seasonal changes on images based on the computed image quality score. Investigational result have proven the accuracy of suggested technique in concerning of accuracy, precision and recall.
Elevation Determines the Productivity of Large Cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) Cultivars in Sikkim Himalaya
Authors: Lepcha Patrush , Gaira Kailash S. , Pandey Aseesh , Chettri Santosh Kumar , Lepcha Jarina , Lepcha Jhony , Joshi Rajesh
Published: November 2022

Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) is an economically important cash crop that provides a livelihood option for the rural communities in the Khangchendzonga Landscape (KL), including Sikkim and supports a large value-chain of diverse stakeholders across the globe. This study explores the influence of elevation on yield-related traits of the large cardamom cultivars grown at different elevations in Sikkim. We evaluated twelve morphometric traits, including eight yield-related traits (number of capsules per spike, capsule length, capsule width, fresh capsule weight, dry capsule weight, number of seeds per locule, fresh seed weight, and dry seed weight) in five large cardamom cultivars (Dzongu Golsey, Sawney, Seremna, Ramsey, and Varlangey) from Sikkim, cultivated at 41 different locations with elevation ranging between 975–2069 m asl. The statistical analysis indicated a significant variability (P < 0.05) in morphometric traits including yield-related traits (except capsule length and width) in five large cardamom cultivars. The cultivars cultivated at an elevation below 1500 m, such as Dzongu Golsey, Sawney, and Seremna, had higher values for yield-related traits than those growing at elevations above 1500 m, and the yield-related traits were negatively correlated with the elevation. Likewise, Varlangey and Ramsey, cultivated above 1500 m elevation, performed better than the same cultivars grown below 1500 m of elevation and depicted a positive correlation between elevation and yield-related traits. The study revealed that the elevation determines the performance of the larger cardamom progression, and suggests cultivating the cultivars in their suitable elevation range for better productivity.
Is bottom trawling the most destructive method of fishing? Evidence from New Zealand’s commercial fisheries.
Authors: Flanagan Pat , Genc Murat , Kahui Viktoria
Published: November 2022

In New Zealand, fisheries are managed by the Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) system which limits the total catch to a biologically sustainable quota and secures individuals a tradable portion. The incentives to quota holders are to use the most efficient fishing methods, of which bottom trawling is widely perceived as the most destructive. Regulations aim to reduce the effects of destructive fishing methods, however, no quantitative studies exist to examine how effective these are. We merge a comprehensive dataset of catch and effort between 2011 and 2021 with a manually assembled dataset on the exploitation status of 115 ITQ fish stocks in New Zealand to estimate the impact of fishing method on sustainability. Our results show that a 10 percentage point increase in the share of midwater trawling has, by far, the biggest impact, leading to a cumulative increase of 17.79% percent in the probability of overexploitation. Against all expectations, bottom trawling has no statistically significant effect, while bottom longlining increases the probability by 5.57%. These results are in line with recent legislative changes in New Zealand that aim to mitigate the impacts of bycatch from midwater trawling and studies like this can be useful in monitoring their effectiveness.
Nonlinear dynamics of boring process considering unstable region of CNTs-reinforced composite cutter
Authors: Zhang Jinfeng , Wang Zhong , Feng Chao , Jia Junlei , Tong Zhenfang , Ren Yongsheng , Zhong Peisi , Cao Xiaolong
Published: November 2022

The nonlinear dynamic analysis of rotating composite boring round bar containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in cutting system was investigated. Firstly, simplify the boring bar to the model of non-extendable rotary cantilever structure. Both the Halpin-Tsai model and micro-mechanical layering theory were used to predict the material properties of the boring round bar. Then the equations for the composite boring bar based on Euler Bernoulli shaft theory, including von Karman geometric nonlinearity are derived. The nonlinear dynamic model of cutting system including periodic regenerative chatter cutting force, periodic control force, viscoelastic and process damping is established by using Hamilton principle. The analytical solution of the steady-state response of the cutting system was subsequently obtained by the Galerkin approximation and the perturbation method of multiple time scales. Finally, the influences of carbon nanotube-related parameters, fiber volume fraction, fiber orientations, stacking sequences, damping coefficient and geometry properties of the cutter edge on the stability of the cutting system are evaluated. The obtained results show that the incorporation of CNTs has significant effect on the dynamic behavior of the cutting process. Increasing the process damping and changing the cutter edge and bar's cross section can improve stability of the cutting process. Furthermore, the unstable cutting region is sensitive to multi-valued properties generated by jumping.