bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organization of the IT postgraduate education in continuous medical education
Authors: Gelman Viktor , Lan'ko Svetlana Vladimirovna , Serdyukov Yurii Pavlovich
Published: January 2019

The subject of this research is the organization of educational process in IT postgraduate training in terms of continuous medical education. Therewith, the cycles of improvements in the context of the system of continuous medical education become separate modules of the modular approach. This requires the organization of educational process in the indicated circumstances. Therefore, the goal of this research is the identification of problems and tasks occurring in organization of IT training for medical workers, their analysis and possible ways of solution. Expert assessment and generalized practical experience are used in determination of the key trends and issues emerging in organization of educational process. Moreover, the questionnaire survey of the trainees is conducted in the course of the specifically organized examinations. As a result, the author determines the requirements imposed upon the organization of educational process, as well as demonstrates the possible ways of solution of the arising questions. Suggesting the ways for their solution, the authors assume that it will allow increasing the efficiency of organization of educational process in postgraduate continuous training. Part of the recommendations can also be valuable for other academic departments.
Scientific methodological laboratory for personal growth: pedagogical assistance and support
Authors: Nevolina Viktoriya Vasil'evna
Published: January 2019

The subject of this research is the phenomenon of mystical viewed in context of the history of religion and culture of mankind. Reference to the mystical experience attains special meaning at the current stage of civilizational development – the search for exiting the spiritual crisis. The “mystical” is typified as the “internal religion” opposite to the “external religion” – the religious cult and religious organization. Mysticism, being the inner part of religion, is identified with the most sacred knowledge and human feelings aimed at cognizing the Absolute. Mysticism is a conceptual core of the religious experience and the overall goal of any religious practice. Based on the conducted research, the author concludes that the evolution of religions took a path from magical to mystical. The magical (primal) religions are deprived of mystical beginning. The phenomenon of mystical occurs only within the national and world religions that recognize a human as a carrier of the absolute beginning. The peculiarity of current situation consists in the return to pre-mystical religious representations. The author determines the two types of mystical teachings – the immanent and the transcendent immanent. The importance of mystical religious first and foremost lies in development of the gnoseological abilities of a human, and then in the revolutionary psychological transformations of mind and personality.
Nicholas Hans and the assessment of Soviet school policy of the Russian pedagogical émigré at the turn of 1920’s – 1930’s
Authors: Osovskiy Oleg Efimovich , Kirzhaeva Vera Petrovna
Published: January 2019

This article reviews the problem of perception and assessment of the process of school building in USSR by the Russian pedagogical émigré at the turn of 1920’s – 1930’s. Having set the goal of creating the Russian foreign school, pedagogues and leaders of the social-pedagogical movement took a close eye on what was happening to the school homeward, assessed it with critical objectivity, highlighting the positive changes and pointing at dangerous tendencies. These issues are the focus of attention in the articles of Sergius Hessen, N. F. Novozhilov, A. L. Bem and N. A. Hans in the émigré pedagogical periodicals. Using the principles of the traditional historical-pedagogical research, approaches of content analysis and case study, the author determine the methodology applied by Nicholas Hans for analyzing the Soviet educational policy and school system. The authors reveal the scholar’s position, according to which the characteristic to the entire history of national school antagonism between radical and autocratic traditions finds its continuation in the Soviet school,  that in turn, allows extrapolating the conclusions based on the development stages of prerevolutionary school towards new situation. N. A. Hans uses similar approach in preparation of works about the Soviet school policy, addressed to the English audience. For the first time the authors introduce into the scientific discourse a number of Russian and English language publications of N. A. Hans, a notable participant of the social-pedagogical process of Russian émigré community, but yet unfamiliar to Russian audience. Nicholas Hans was one of the few Russian émigré, who was able to integrate into the scientific educational space of the Great Britain and became a prominent pedagogue-comparativist.
HUBUNGAN KADAR KORTISOL DAN PROSTAGLANDIN MATERNAL DENGAN PERSALINAN PRETERM DAN ATERM
Authors: Jesica Fanny , Friadi Andi
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Observasional dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUD dr. Rasidin Padang, RSUD. Prof. Dr. MA Hanafiah SM Batusangkar, RSUP. M. Djamil, dan BPS. Nurhaida, Amd.Keb pada bulan September 2017 sampai Januari 2018. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 50 responden yang dipilih secara consecutive sampling yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok. Pemeriksaan kadar kortisol dan prostaglandin dilakukan di Laboratorium Biomedik Universitas Andalas Padang dengan metode ELISA. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kadar kortisol dengan persalinan preterm dan aterm (p= 0,02; p < 0,05). Terdapat hubungan kadar prostaglandin dengan persalinan preterm dan aterm (p = 0,023; p < 0,05). Terdapat hubungan kadar kortisol dengan prostaglandin pada aterm (p = 0,0001; p < 0,05). Tidak terdapat hubungan kortisol dan prostaglandin pada preterm (p = 0,52; p > 0,05). Kata Kunci: Kortisol, Prostaglandin, Persalinan Preterm
PENGARUH PAPARAN ASAP ROKOK TERHADAP KADAR ZINK DAN KORTISOL PADA TIKUS PUTIH HAMIL (RATTUS NORVEGICUS)
Authors: Armalini Rika , Friadi Andi
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Eksperimen dengan desain penelitian post test only control group design Penelitian dilakukan di lab farmasi unand, pada bulan Juni sampai dengan agustus 2018. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan simple random sampling (acak sederhana), Jumlah sampel sebanyak 28 ekor dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, kelompok 1 sebagai kontrol penelitian, kelompok 2 diberikan perlakuan 1 batang rokok, kelompok 3 diberikan perlakuan 2 batang rokok dan kelompok 4 diberikan perlakuan 3 batang rokok. Pemeriksaan kadar zink dan kadar kortisol dilakukan di Laboratorium Biomedik Universitas Andalas Padang dengan metode ELISA. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara paparan rokok dengan kadar zink (p= 0.32) maka, (p > 0,05). Dan tidak terdapat perbedaan paparan asap rokok dengan rerata kadar kortisol (p = 0,146) maka, ( p > 0,05). Kata Kunci: asap rokok, zink, kortisol
Efecto del sistema de deshidratación sobre el contenido de carotenoides extraídos de dos variedades del fruto de Carica papaya.
Authors: Tapia C. Iván , Muñoz Mauro , Fukalova F. Tamara
Published: January 2019

En Ecuador se ha incrementado la exportación de papaya debido a la demanda internacional por este producto, esto permite dar paso a un aprovechamiento integral de sus subproductos. La obtención de los carotenoides a partir de los frutos de papaya es de gran importancia, pues el mercado de los colorantes naturales ha crecido vertiginosamente. Se ha realizado esta investigación para evaluar el efecto de dos sistemas de deshidratación, como tratamiento previo para la extracción de carotenoides y se ha trabajado con dos variedades de papaya de mayor cultivo en este país. Se determinaron los carotenoides obtenidos por espectrofotometría a 450 nm. La mayor cantidad extraída de b-carotenos totales (5,87 ± 0,62 mg β-caroteno/100 g muestra seca) se obtuvo luego de aplicar el método de liofilización para la variedad Sunrise Solo, mientras que para la variedad Tainung los valores son menores (4,62 ± 0,28 mg β-caroteno/100 g muestra seca). El sistema de deshidratación por liofilización es el mejor método de tratamiento previo para la extracción de carotenoides en la variedad Sunrise Solo, mientras que el secado en bandeja es óptimo para la variedad Tainung.
Some evidence of the development of L2 reading-into-writing skills at three levels
Authors: Chan Sathena
Published: January 2019

While an integrated format has been widely incorporated into high-stakes writing assessment, there is relatively little research on students’ cognitive processing involved in integrated reading-into-writing tasks. Even research which reviews how the reading-into-writing construct is distinct from one level to the other is scarce. Using a writing process questionnaire, we examined and compared test takers’ cognitive processes on integrated reading-into-writing tasks at three levels. More specifically, the study aims to provide evidence of the predominant reading-into-writing processes appropriate at each level (i.e., the CEFR B1, B2, and C1 levels). The findings of the study reveal the core processes which are essential to the reading-into-writing construct at all three levels. There is also a clear progression of the reading-into-writing skills employed by the test takers across the three CEFR levels. A multiple regression analysis was used to examine the impact of the individual processes on predicting the writers’ level of reading-into-writing abilities. The findings provide empirical evidence concerning the cognitive validity of reading-into-writing tests and have important implications for task design and scoring at each level.
The impact of spelling errors on trained raters’ scoring decisions
Authors: Choi Ikkyu , Cho Yeonsuk
Published: January 2019

Second language (L2) writing assessments seldom allow a spellchecker and often have a time limit. Naturally, test takers often submit responses with spelling errors. However, little is known about whether and how spelling errors in test taker responses affect trained raters’ scoring decisions. In this study, we investigated the impact of spelling errors on trained raters’ holistic evaluation of response quality. We selected 148 responses to four L2 writing tasks, and created error-free versions of the responses by correcting spelling errors in the original responses. Both the original and corrected responses were randomly assigned to trained raters, who scored the responses according to the same holistic scoring rubrics. We compared the resulting scores of original and corrected responses to gauge the impact of spelling errors. We also examined whether the impact of spelling errors varied across different task types and spelling error characteristics. The results showed that the spelling error correction led to an average of more than a half score point increase. The score gains from the error correction varied across task types and the quantity of corrected errors. These findings have multiple implications, including suggestions for rater training and assessment development.
An investigation of implicit vs. explicit oral corrective feedback on Chinese pupils’ use of past tense
Authors: Xie Qin , Yeung Chingyee
Published: January 2019

This experimental study investigated the relative effectiveness of two broad categories of oral corrective feedback (i.e., implicit vs. explicit feedback) on primary pupils’ use of past tense. Data was collected from a primary school in Hong Kong involving 24 pupils in two experimental groups and one control group. A pre-test was given in the first week to ensure the three groups were equivalent at the beginning. Afterwards, students were asked to retell a story, during which students in one experimental group received implicit oral feedback on their use of past tense, while those in the other experimental group received explicit feedback. The control group did not receive immediate oral feedback. All three groups received an immediate post-test at the end of story retelling, and a delayed post-test two weeks later. Test scores were analysed to examine changes within each group and differences across groups. The study found both experimental groups outperformed the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups, except that the group receiving explicit feedback tended to outperform the implicit group, especially in repairing regular verbs. The findings suggest both types of oral corrective feedback could be given to ESL learners during form-related classroom instruction.
From a “Sesame Street” model TA to a university TA: Investigation of an international teaching assistant’s professional identity and second language socialization over time
Authors: Wu Yi-Ju Ariel
Published: January 2019

Prior research on the professional development of International Teaching Assistants (ITAs) focuses mostly on ITAs’ language skills (e.g., Rounds, 1987; Nelson, 1989) and pedagogical development (e.g., Bailey, 1984, with little investigation of ITAs’ identity formation. Nevertheless, as Beijaard, Meijer, & Verloop (2004) argue, teachers’ professional identity, namely the relationship between teachers’ self-image and the teacher role they have to play (Volkmann & Anderson, 1998), is the basis for teachers’ meaning-making. Consequently, exploring how ITAs understand and develop their professional identities is essential. This study, drawing on a second language socialization perspective (Duff, 2011; Kim & Duff, 2012; Duff & May, 2017), examines how a focal ITA’s professional identity develops over time in one quarter as she teaches a class and negotiates with students during class discussion sessions, and attends TA discussions with other TAs. Data were gathered from multiple sources, including audio recordings of the focal ITA’s (“Fay”) TA discussion sessions over one quarter and a bi-weekly interview with Fay to allow triangulation of data, which were analyzed using discourse analysis. The focal ITA’s professional identity transformed through three phases-from the “Sesame Street model” to the “parent-like model,” and finally to “students’ achievement-oriented model.” Across these three phases, Fay actively constructed her understanding of her professional identity through (re)examination and (re)negotiation of the differences among several different models of teaching, some encountered back home in Taiwan and some encountered here in the United States. I conclude that Fay’s language socialization process of learning to be an ITA is a complex one which involves multiple identities and hybrid practices.
Does Monetary Policy Induce Economic Growth? An Empirical Evaluation of the Nigerian Economy
Authors: Imoisi Anthony Ilegbinosa
Published: January 2019

Monetary and Fiscal policies are instruments which the government of any nation can employ to effectively achieve the desired growth of their respective economies. This study investigates the extent to which monetary policies can promote economic growth in Nigeria from 1980-2017. Secondary data were used from the Statistical Bulletin of the apex bank in Nigeria (CBN) and National Bureau of Statistics. Unit root test, Johansen co-integration and the vector error correction model (VECM) were employed in analyzing the data collected for this study. The result showed that approximately 62% of GDP is explained by variables in the model while 38% is accounted for and explained by other variables not included in the model but are captured by the error term. In addition, monetary policies did not have a significant impact on Nigeriaâ€™s economic growth in the short run, but significantly affected the countryâ€™s growth in the long run.
Pengaruh Bahan Organik dan Azotobacter terhadap pertumbuhan Jagung di Tailing terkontaminasi merkuri dari Pulau Buru
Authors: Hindersah Reginawanti , Kalay A. Marthin , Osok Rafael
Published: January 2019

Characteristics of mineral-mine tailings deposited in agricultural areas do not meet the requirements for food crop cultivation. The objective of the experiment was to obtain the information on the improvement of plant growth planted in mercury-contaminated tailings after adding organic matter and nitrogen fixing bacteria, Azotobacter. The greenhouse trial was set up in randomized factorial design which tested the Azotobacter inoculation consentrations and organic matter doses. There was no interaction effect between the two treatments on the growth of four-week old corn. Both organic matter and Azotobacter had a positive impact on vegetative growth of corn.
Kajian Debit Sungai di DAS Wae Ruhu, Kota Ambon
Authors: Souisa Matheus , Atihuta Paulus R. , Kelibulin Josephus R.
Published: January 2019

Ambon City is a region consisting of hilly areas and steep slopes with diverse river characteristics. Research has been carried out in the Wae Ruhu watershed in Ambon City which starts from upstream (water catchment) to downstream. This study aims to determine the magnitude of river discharge and sediment discharge in the Wae Ruhu watershed. This research was conducted in several stages including, secondary data collection, research location survey, preparation of research tools and materials as well as field data retrieval processes which included tracking coordinates at each station point and entire watershed, calculation of river flow velocity, river geometry measurements, and sampling sediment. The results showed that the average river discharge in the Wae watershed in the year 2018 was 1.24 m3 / s, and the average sediment discharge was 6.27 kg / s. From the results of this study and the field observations proposed for flood prevention and the rate of sediment movement are the construction of cliffs with sheet pile and gabions.
ESTIMASI INDEKS KERENTANAN SEISMIK MENGGUNAKAN METODE HVSR (Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio) DI DESA ERIE KECAMATAN NUSANIWE AMBON
Authors: Wakim Jen Cendy , Loupatty Grace , Kelibulin Josephus R.
Published: January 2019

Gempa bumi adalah suatu peristiwa bergetarnya bumi akibat pelepasan energy di dalam bumi yang di tandai dengan adanya patahan lapisan batuan pada kerak bumi. Energy yang di hasilkan di pancarkan ke segalah arah berupa gelombang gempa bumi sehingga efeknya dapat di rasakan sampai ke permukanaan bumi, serta seringkali menimbulkan kerugian dan kerusakan pada bangunan.

Penelitian ini dilakukan di desa Erie yang terletak di kecamatan nusaniwe kota ambon, penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui fase – fase gelombang dan indeks kerentanan seismik. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan seismograf TDL 303S pada 6 titik pengukuran. Hasil pengukuran mikrotremor di analisis menggunakan metode Horizontal to Vertical Spectar Ratio ( HVSR) untuk memperoleh nilai frekuensi dominan (f0) factor amplikasi (Ao), sehingga nilai kerentangan seismic (Kg) dapat di tentukan.

Dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa nilai frekuensi dominan (f0) 0.646 Hz sampai 9.531 Hz, nilai amplikasi (Ao) 0.977 sampai 1.559, dan nilai indeks kerentanan seismik diperoleh 0.233 (Kg)  samapai 2.113 (Kg), dan dari hasil pengolahaan data juga di peroleh nilai priode dominan dari setiap titik pengukuran, sehingga dari nilai priode dominan tersebut menunjukan bahawa pada titik pengukuran 1,5 dan 6 dapat di kategorikan sebagai sendimen yang lunak dan tersusun atas batuan Alluvial, yang terbentuk dari sendimen delta, toposoil, lumpur dengan kedalaman 30 m atau lebih dan pada titik pengukuran 2,3 dan 4 dapat di kategorikan tersusun atas batuan alluvial dengan kedalaman 5 m. terdiri dari sandy-gravel, sandy-hard clay,loam. Dengan demikian desa Erie tidak tergolong daerah yang rawan merusak bangunan.
Strategy choice for punch electro-erosion treatment in turbine blades of gas turbine engines
Authors: Полетаев Валерий , Poletaev Valeriy , Орлов Александр , Orlov Alexander
Published: January 2019

In the paper different versions of engineering procedures for manufacturing punches in turbine blades are considered. The engineering procedures of electro-erosion treatment based on consecutive and simultaneous punch broaching in a flowing part of turbine blades are compared, and the efficient fields of their used are defined.
Rising to Grand Challenges: A Need for a Comprehensive Rusafrica Рroject
Authors: Fituni Leonid
Published: January 2019

The author presents a vision of the mainstream vectors of global development against the backdrop of the “Grand Challenges” of the 21st century. He formulates optimal ways for Russia and Africa to interact in order to achieve the goals set by the UN Third International Conference on Financing for Development. The author proposes a RUSAFRICA project, which combines a dual goal of boosting economic, social and technological development of both Russia and Africa. The project envisages an integrated cooperative approach to mutually significant economic, technological and infrastructural requirements and capacities while prioritizing the human development aspect. Innovative approaches to mutual cooperation shale open ways to promoting Russian technologies and innovative products to new markets, generating growth of income from exports of high technology products and services with the aim to enhance Russia’s influence and competitive strengths, in accordance with the Scientific and Technological Development Strategy of the Russian Federation.
Renewable Energy in the East African Communitys and its Role in Sustainable Development
Authors: Kalinichenko Liudmila
Published: January 2019

The article analyses the role of renewable energy in the process of the development of the energy market of the East African Community (EAC) . The author underlines the necessity of finding solutions for such challenges as rising wood and charcoal prices, deforestation, lack of affordable and reliable electricity for a large number of consumers. The study reveals that nowadays the percentage of people with access to modern sources of energy is very low, varying from 7 % in Burundi to 36% in Kenya, although the EAC countries made significant progress in 2000s. Most people in rural areas rely on traditional biomass for cooking and heating, which leads to ecological and health problems. The author concludes that renewable energy development is considered by the Community as one of the prospective ways for providing energy to remote regions in view of abundant solar, wind and geothermal resources. Their strategy aims at the construction of micro and mini hydro stations, stand-alone solar PV systems and off-grids for rural population usage. The study shows that the investment in off-grid renewables has been steadily rising in recent times . Analyzing grid-connected power generation electricity, the author elicits that it is also based on renewable electricity, which accounts for 65% of the total amount. Kenya, with the highest installed capacity in this sector, is investing mainly in geothermal, solar and wind sources of energy, while the others are focusing on hydropower and solar. For the purpose of attracting private investment, the EAC partner states adopted different regulations, including Feed-in Tariff, zero-VAT and GET FIT Programme. The author assumes that renewable energy financing is one of the main challenges despite the support of different international financial institutions, such as the World Bank, UNIDO, AfDB and others. Nowadays energy efficiency measures are becoming important instruments for the EAC countries resulted in power savings. The other important trend is increasing cooperation among them due to their grid-connected power systems in the East African Power Pool. In this context, in November 2017, the EAC Partner States adopted Energy Security Policy Framework, in order to ensure the sustainable development of their energy sector.
Inter-Еthnic Violence in Nigeria; 1999–2007
Authors: Ifeanyichukwu Atuonwu Chiedozie
Published: January 2019

This study is designed to examine Inter Ethnic Violence in Nigeria; quotations were made from past and present authors. For the purpose of the research, it is sub-divided into five chapters. Chapter one is on the background of study, which includes statement of problem, objectives of the study, research questions, hypothesis, justification for the study, scope of the study, definition of terms, and theoretical framework. Chapter Two focuses on literature review, while chapter three is on methodology, initial scoping phase, cross referencing, and study areas. Chapter Four focuses Inter-ethnic Conflict in Nigeria, and chapter five focuses on summary, conclusion and recommendation.
Israel’s Deportation Policy of African Migrants: Internal and External Aspects
Authors: Khlebnikova Luiza
Published: January 2019

In 2016 Prime Minister of Israel Benyamin Netanyahu declared its comeback to Africa and Africa’s return to the Jewish state. The key reason for a new Israeli-African cooperation (especially between Israel and East African countries) seems to be an intent to regulate crisis with illegal immigrants from Africa in Israel. The author examines the drivers of the big inflow of African asylum seekers from Eritrea and Sudan trying to find ‘safe heaven’ in the Jewish State. Netanyahu prefers to treat these African asylum seekers as economic migrants. He often stresses that Israel is too small to accept everyone who is afflicted. In the Israeli society negative sentiments towards African asylum seekers are generally prevailing. However, there are some grassroots initiatives aimed at protecting Africans and their rights. Opposition parties, Zionist Union and Meretz, are not united and have not succeeded in challenging the government’s course. The main goal of this research is to evaluate the Israeli government’s approaches, including deportation of immigrants to ‘third countries’ like Rwanda and Uganda, aimed at resolving the crisis. The deportation of African asylum seekers provoked some new debates about rights of socially vulnerable groups in Israel and, moreover, its democratic character. The critique of the Netanyahu’s policies spread well beyond the borders of the State of Israel. The United Nations tried to resolve the crisis by offering a deal that would relocate Africans from Israel to different countries, but the head of the Jewish state, first agreed to sign it, but later changed his mind. Special attention is paid to the role of the American Jewish organizations in stopping the deportation of Africans from Israel. The American liberal progressive groups, for example J street, have been openly protesting against Netanyahu’s policies. The conclusion is drawn that the way out of the crisis lays in elaborating a long-term comprehensive migration strategy.
Ksenia Grundt-Dumet and her companions on the Slovenian scene in the early 1930s (according to the unpublished memoirs of the Russian ballerina)
Authors: Kosik Viktor
Published: January 2019

The text devoted to Russian masters of ballet who has performed on Slovenian stages, fi rst of all, Xenia Grundt-Dumet, her tour in 1931. Represented the artist’s repertoire, reviews for her performances.
KESEHATAN TENTANG HIV/AIDS
Authors: mauliyana aril
Published: January 2019

Status HIV-positif seseorang hanya dapat dibuktikan dengan tes darah sukarela yang dilakukan oleh VCT (Voluntary Counseling and Testing). Masyarakat hanya dapat mengetahui jika ODHA mengungkapkan status HIV positif kepada konselor dengan kerahasiaan. VCT merupakan komponen utama dalam program pencegahan HIV / AIDS, sekarang VCT belum menjadi strategi yang baik di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia pada khususnya. Faktor-faktor antusiasme sukarela telah menjadi faktor penentu dari kunjungan VCT yang rendah saat ini, dan keragaman hasil untuk mendiagnosis HIV-AIDS yang terinfeksi masih "tabu" dan aib kecaman oleh masyarakat juga merupakan salah satu faktor pendukung
PRATIWI LINTANG 165100079 UAS pemanfaatan delphi 7 untuk object oriented programming pada masyarakat
Authors: Sejati Pratiwi Lintang
Published: January 2019

pemanfaatan delphi 7 untuk object oriented programming pada masyarakat
Pengenalan Pemograman Delphi dan OOP
Authors: Refitasari Adenisa
Published: January 2019

Delphi suatu program berbasis bahasa Pascal yang berjalan dalam lingkungan Windows. Delphi telah memanfaatkan suatu teknik pemrograman yang disebut RAD yang telah membuat pemrograman menjadi lebih mudah. Delphi adalah suatu bahasa pemrograman yang telah memanfaatkan metode pemrograman Object Oriented Programming (OOP).Lingkungan kerja Borland Delphi dapat dilihat pada gambar di bawah ini.
kesehatan
Authors: cinta yosephina maria
Published: January 2019

HIV-AIDS adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus. HIV dapat ditularkan melalui seks, transfusi darah, berbagi jarum suntik dan penularan ibu-ke-bayi (perinatal). Faktor risiko heteroseksual adalah yang tertinggi, yaitu 82,8%, diikuti oleh homoseksual sebesar 7,4% dan perinatal sebesar 4,0%
The Evolution of the Discipline of Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah in Islamic History
Authors: Studies International Journal of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh
Published: January 2019

The discipline of Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah is a body of knowledge that is both impactful and esteemed. It has existed in some shape or form since the time of the Prophet s.a.w. and his companions until the modern era. It ought to be said that this body of knowledge did not materialize at once. In fact, it has gone through various stages of evolution until it reached its current form as a distinct body of knowledge and turned into an academic discipline. Scholars started looking at this body of knowledge academically towards the beginning of the fourth century A. H. and beyond. Among the pioneers in this field were: Imam of al- Ḥaramayn al-Juwaynī in his book, al-Burhān fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh, then Imam al-Ghazālī in his book, al-Mustaṣfā fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh, then Imam Al-‘Iz bin ‘Abd al-Salām in his book, Qawā’id al-Aḥkām fī Maṣāliḥ al-Anām, and al-Shāṭibī in al-Muwāfaqāt, who is considered the reference in this discipline. Then came Ibn ‘Ashūr and his book, Maqāṣid al-SharīÑah al-Islāmiyyah; he is considered as the leader of this discipline in the modern age. In the context of the evolution and revival of modern Islamic thought and its major Islamic disciplines, there is increasing interest in the study of the higher objectives of Sharī'ah (Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah) because it represents the fundamental values of Islam and its basic doctrines and legislative principles. It comprises the basic ingredients of permanency, uniformity, and harmony of the revival of Islamic thought in its myriad issues and dimensions. The interest in this field continues to rise to the extent that you can coin the term Maqaṣidic Revival in the various Islamic disciplines and thought.
The Boundaries of a Woman’s Obedience to Her Husband in Islamic Jurisprudence: A Case Study of Juristic Differences between the Spouses
Authors: Studies International Journal of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh
Published: January 2019

This study aims to highlight the boundaries of a woman’s obedience to her husband in Islamic jurisprudence and discuss the method that should be followed by the spouses between whom there are juristic differences on certain issues, so that the juristic differences may not lead to marital disputes. The research problem is that Allah Almighty has made it an obligation upon a woman to obey her husband. However, He has prohibited a man or a woman in general to blindly obey his fellow man if he disobeys the commands of Allah. Therefore, what is the Islamic juristic ruling pertaining to a woman who is asked by her husband to carry out an order she believes is not juristically allowed, even if it is allowed in the eyes of her husband? Does she, in this case, comply with the will and order of her husband or follow what she believes to be juristically right? Does this affect the type and nature of the case? This research uses the inductive approach in gathering different juristic statements and cases, and an analytical approach in investigating those statements and cases. It uses critical approach in selecting the statements that are preponderant. Finally, the research concludes with several findings: man has no right to oblige his wife to comply with an order which is not recognized by the Sharīah especially if complying with it will cause her harm; a woman must obey her husband in carrying out a command that is obligatory upon her by the Sharīah and upright customs.
The Impact of the Two Maxims of Istiḥālah and Istihlāk upon the Rulings on Food and Medicine: An Analytical Juristic Study
Authors: Studies International Journal of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh
Published: January 2019

This study focuses on the Islamic rulings regarding food and medicine from the perspective of two maxims, istiḥālah and istihlāk, with gelatine and alcohol as the case studies. The researchers applied the inductive method for examining fatāwā issued on new and latest food and medicine whose forbiddance is disputed and for investigating them from both perspectives of medicine and Islamic jurisprudence in order to make integration between them. Likewise, the researchers used the analytical approach in clarifying the reasons for variation between the scholars of Islamic jurisprudence regarding the types of prohibited substances in the latest food and medicine, while analysing and pondering upon them, and clarifying the regulations that confirm the objectives of the Sharī‘ah and maxims of Islamic jurisprudence. This study concludes with these findings: the maxims of istiḥālah and istihlāk are not achieved in the production of gelatine. As for alcohol, it is not the same as intoxicants, therefore their consumption is prohibited in both little amounts and large amounts. The researchers opine that the rulings they preferred may be overridden in cases of dire need based on the maxim of Islamic Jurisprudence: “dire need makes the prohibited permissible.”
Guidelines for the Application of Purchase (Bay') and Loan (Salaf) in the Bank Letter of Guarantee
Authors: Studies International Journal of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh
Published: January 2019

Currently, rapid development in the Islamic finance sector is aimed to fulfill people’s needs. Because of that, Islamic banks need to produce new products and services with combined contracts which do not confine to a single contract. So, this research is made to identify the reasons of prohibition of the combination of purchase contract (bay') and loan contract (salaf) mentioned in a ḥadtīh. One of these reasons is the combination of two contracts in a single transaction that has been abundantly discussed by the scholars in the past and present. A present example of the combined contracts produced by the newly created financial transactions is “Letter of Guarantee,” where the researchers have found that this contract has been formed by combining two contracts in a single transaction, i.e., bay' and salaf. It is, therefore, necessary to understand the mentioned ḥadīth profoundly before its application in the Islamic banks so that it does not contradict the holy Sharī'ah. The researchers use the data collection method for collecting materials related to the subject of the study. They also use the analytical method to analyze the aḥādīth related to the topic, and then investigate the legitimacy of the application of bay' and salaf in the “Letter of Guarantee,” and its juristic adaptation (takyīf fiqhī). An important finding of this research is that the application of bay' and salaf in the “Letter of Guarantee” is permitted, as long as the higher objectives of Sharīah are considered in it, and there is no involvement with the prohibited things.
The Author’s Rights: A Comparative Study Between Islamic Jurisprudence and World Trade Organization Agreements
Authors: Studies International Journal of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh
Published: January 2019

The issue of copyright may have existed since the beginning of time in some other form or name. A person who keeps track of this issue will find it deeply rooted in the history of Islamic civilization. Although Muslims long ago did not use the term copyright, they were aware of the crux of this issue. Our forefathers, may Allah have mercy on them, knew many concepts related to intellectual property and intellectual production from an early time. They have set many rules and regulations governing this type of property to ensure the preservation of intellectual production and protection of the guidance of the book of Allah, and the teachings of His Messenger (peace be upon him). Through this study, the researcher wanted to highlight these concepts, rules and regulations related to intellectual property, especially in the field of author rights, and compare them with the WTO Agreements in this regard.
The Rule of Sex Change: An Evaluative Study in Light of the Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah
Authors: Studies International Journal of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh
Published: January 2019

Sex reassignment or sex change is a new and strange phenomenon unknown to our predecessors. Modern medical advances have facilitated the process and technological advances in communication have helped spread this phenomenon among Muslims of today. Muslim scholars rose to the occasion and clarified the legitimate Islamic Fiqh position towards sex reassignment. However, some of those affiliated with Fiqh and Sharī’ah followed a course other than that of the majority credible and authoritative Muslim jurists in the Islamic world. Thus this paper aims to contribute to the correct legal position towards sex reassignment surgery by highlighting the proofs and arguments of the majority of the jurists (Fuqahā), which are based on the Holy Qur’an and Sunnah according to the understanding of the credible authoritative scholars of past and present, and also on the sound logical evidences and the Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah. This paper only deals with sex reassignment motivated by the inner-sense of belonging to the opposite sex and does not cover sex reassignment done based on other reasons be it valid or invalid.
The Issue of Woman’s Work: A Maqasidic Analysis on the Backgrounds and Socio-Economic Implications
Authors: Studies International Journal of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh
Published: January 2019

Discussing the issue of women's work from the Islamic point of view requires a holistic approach that examines the subject with all the different factors and influences of life. This is a methodical approach that Mujtahidūn call “Taḥqīq al-Manāṭ al-‘Āmm” for Islamic researches. It extends to a wider circle related to the nature of social life and the pattern of family relations. It is linked to political and economic systems and the perception of women and their function and location in society. This research contributes to this debatable issue, trying to dismantle the ideological backgrounds surrounding this issue and to examine the economic and political motives behind it. Then, it follows up the implications that are socially and economically derived by evoking the reality of global experiences, in order to come up with a more comprehensive and balanced vision in Taḥqīq al-Manāṭ in its Maqasidic context which controls its view and rulings.
Linking an Early Triassic delta to antecedent topography: source-to-sink study of the southwestern Barents Sea margin
Authors: Eide Christian , Klausen Tore , Katkov Denis , Suslova Anna , Helland-Hansen William
Published: January 2019

Present-day catchments adjacent to sedimentary basins may preserve geomorphic elements that have been active through long intervals of time. Relicts of ancient catchments in present-day landscapes may be investigated using mass-balance models and can give important information about upland landscape evolution and reservoir distribution in adjacent basins. However, such methods are in their infancy and often difficult to apply in deep-time settings due to later landscape modification. The Southern Barents Sea Margin of N Norway and NW Russia is ideal for investigating source-to-sink models, as it has been subject to minor tectonic activity since the Carboniferous, and large parts have eluded significant Quaternary glacial erosion. A zone close-to the present-day coast has likely acted as the boundary between basin and catchments since the Carboniferous. Around the Permian-Triassic transition, a large delta-system started to prograde from the same area as the present-day largest river in the area: the Tana River. The Tana River has long been interpreted to show features indicating that it was developed prior to present-day topography, and we perform a source-to-sink study of this ancient system in order to investigate potential linkages between present-day geomorphology and ancient deposits.We investigate sediment load of the ancient delta using well, core, 2D-, and 3D-seismic data, and digital elevation models to investigate the geomorphology of the onshore catchment and surrounding areas. Our results imply that the present-day Tana catchment was formed close to the Permian-Triassic transition, and that the Triassic delta-system has much better reservoir properties compared to the rest of Triassic basin infill. This implies that landscapes may indeed preserve catchment geometries for extended periods of time, and demonstrate that source-to-sink techniques can be instrumental in predicting extent and quality of subsurface reservoirs.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Penemuan Mengintegrasikan Laboratorium Virtual dan Hots untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Pembelajaran Siswa SMA Kelas XI
Authors: Asrizal Asrizal , Hendri Arnel , Hidayati  , Festiyed Festiyed
Published: January 2019

Science learning should gives a good scientific process experience and promotes high level thinking skills on students. However, the real conditions show that the both scientific process and integration of high order thinking can’t be been applied well. The solution to this problem is the discovery learning model by integrating virtual laboratory and high order thinking. The objective of the research was to investigate the effects of the application of the discovery learning model by integrating virtual laboratory and high order thinking to improve learning outcomes of students. The type of research is classroom action research with a cycle model. The discovery learning model was applied on grade XI MIA 1 students in SMAN 10 Padang. The instrument for collecting data consisted of written test for knowledge aspect and problem solving skill, observation sheet for attitudes aspect, and performanceassessment sheet for science process skills aspect. The data analysis technique that used were descriptive statistical analysis and correlated comparison test. From the results of data analysis it can be stated that the application of the discovery learning model by integrating virtual laboratory and high order thinking can improve the learning outcomes of students including knowledge, attitudes, science process skills aspect and problem solving skills. Thus, the application of the discovery learningmodel by integrating virtual laboratory and high order thinking has given a positive effect in improvinglearning outcomes of students.
AYO BELAJAR BAHASA USING
Authors: Rahmat Lutfi Irawan
Published: January 2019

LUTFI IRAWAN R., lahir pada 4 September 1988 di pengantigan, Kabupaten Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur. Mengenyam pendidikan formal di SD al khairah Banyuwangi, yang cukup kental dengan nilai-nilai keagamaan Islam, dan lulus tahun 2001. Selanjutnya meneruskan sekolah di SMP Negeri 1 Giri, tamat tahun 2004, dan di SMA 17 Agustus Banyuwangi, tamat tahun 2007. Selepas SMA melanjutkan di Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia di Universitas Muhhamdiyah Jember.Kuliah di Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia di Universitas Muhhamdiyah Jember ditekuninya sejak tahun 2007. Selepas meraih Sarjana Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, kemudian melanjutkan kembali kuliah s2 pendidikan bahasa indonesia di universitas sebelas maret pada tahun 2013 dan selesai pada tahun 2015. Aktivitas Lutfi lebih banyak dihabiskan untuk mengajar dan menjadi dosen tetap di Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi, sejak tahun 2015 hingga sekarang, tepatnya di Program Studi Pendidikan Olahraga
Women in Politics in Matrilineal Society: A Case Study of West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Selinaswati Selinaswati
Published: January 2019

Studies of women in politics have mostly been done within patriarchal socialstructures around the world. These studies show that women have many potentialopportunities to become involved in public life; as voters in elections, like politicalcandidates, and if successful as members of the administrative class or asMembers of Parliament (MPs). However, female politicians may be affected byseveral factors within the social, economic, political and cultural systems. Thisthesis examined whether the matrilineal social structure of the province of WestSumatra, Indonesia, influences women’s political participation in localparliaments. West Sumatra is dominated by the Minangkabau ethnic group,which has a matrilineal tradition that provides more opportunities for women interms of property ownership and non-household activities. It was assumed thatwomen who were involved in local politics would be affected by these culturalvalues.This research was a case study. Three categories of informants, femalepoliticians, community leaders, and voters, were interviewed to identify thestrategies and experiences of female politicians and the diversity of opinionregarding female politicians in this matrilineal society. Data was obtainedthrough fieldwork carried out from July to October 2012 in West Sumatra.During this period, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were carried out inlocations where female politicians had been elected to the local parliament.Additional information was obtained from 17 voting members of the publicthrough the use of a questionnaire. Secondary data were obtained fromgovernment documents and local parliaments, online resources, institutions, andorganizations.The study found that the matrilineal system in West Sumatra inspired femalepoliticians in their efforts to gain a seat in parliament. However, they alsoexperienced disadvantages in the matrilineal and Indonesian political system. Itwas found that the opinions of community leaders toward female politicianswere largely neutral and saw female politicians as compared to male ones. Thevoting public tends to have less knowledge about female politicians and viewedthem as not significantly better than male politicians. The study concludes thatthe matrilineal structure of West Sumatran society does not have much impacton women’s political participation and female politicians can benefit byimproving their capabilities in order to win a seat in parliament. Additionally,the Indonesian government might play a role in bridging the gap between lowand high-level political participation by women and develop ways to includeaspects of local culture such as the matrilineal system into its policies that relateto political autonomy at the regional level.
PARADOKS PEREMPUAN MINANG DI RANAH POLITIK
Authors: Selinaswati Selinaswati
Published: January 2019

This paper examines female politicians in West Sumatra. The place with unique matrilineal system existed since long time ago. Assuming that the matrilineal system gave opportunity toward women in this area to involve in public space legitimately, the number of female representation in local parliament must increase effectively. By using the qualitative method with case study research, in-depth interviews have been done toward 17 informants. The result showed that the dualism idea of matrilineal and patriarchy of Islamic teaching are the influence of these male and female informants. This condition affected women when they involve in public space including in the political arena. In this study, the paradox occurred in which women political participation cannot separate from the important roles of their male connection. That male family connection such as public figure, (even formal leader such as Datuk) has highly contributions for female politicians to have a seat in the local parliament.