bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photosynthetic activity of spring barley crops in the zone of forest belts influence in the Volgograd region
Authors: Ruleva O V , Seminchenko E V , Rulev G A
Published: February 2021

Protective afforestation has a significant impact on the morphometric parameters of spring barley. It increases the number of grains per spikelet and the number of spikelets per spike. As the grain crops approach the field-protective forest belt, the length of the stem and the mass of 1000 grains increase. In fact, the yield increase at a distance from the protective belt is 3.0 c / ha. The influence of forest shelter belts is traced throughout the growing season on the development of Medicum 139 barley and is reflected in such indicators as leaf area, photosynthetic activity of crops, the amount of dry phytomass and net productivity of photosynthesis. The results of the study indicate the important role of forest belts. The area of application of the developments is the zone of soils of the Lower Volga region.
Morphological and agrobiological characteristics of the Bart grape variety
Authors: Magomadov A S , Maystrenko L A , Palaeva D O , Batukaev A A
Published: February 2021

The morphological description of the new Bart table-grade wine grape variety for use, the timing of the vegetation phases and agrobiological indicators of the variety for the years of observation 2014–2018 are given. The cultivar is recommended for cultivation in the 6th region in a non-covering culture.
Prospects of potato selection for the improvement of nutritional value of tubers
Authors: Simakov E A , Anisimov B V , Zhevora S V , Mitiushkin A V , Zhuravlev A A , Mitiushkin A V , Kordabovsky V Yu
Published: February 2021

Successful selection of potatoes in order to increase the nutritional value of potato tubers is limited by the duration of the selection of effective seed parents for hybridization and the need to use express methods for mass assessment of genotypes, according to the biochemical composition of tubers, especially in terms of content and ratio of starch components. The observed transgressive segregation by starchiness of potato tubers with accumulating crosses of highly starchy seed parents significantly increases the level of this trait of offspring, which weakly correlates with productivity. The high correlation between the protein content in tubers of seed parents and the average proteinity of the offspring confirms the presence of control of this trait by additively acting polygenes. This means that in the process of natural meiotic recombinogenesis in hybrid populations, the increase in the protein content of potato tubers of hybrids in the extreme variational classes is possible.
Affection of the studied potato varieties (Solanum Tuberosum) Streptomyces scabies and Fusarium oxysporum in irrigated conditions of the Orenburg region
Authors: Mushinskiy A A , Aminova E V , Saudabayeva A Zh , Fomin S D
Published: February 2021

A comprehensive phytopathological assessment of potato varieties of different ripeness groups was carried out in the Orenburg region in 2015-2018 in order to establish the prevalence of major pathogens using the Protect and Abiga Peak fungicides against a natural infectious background under irrigated conditions. The plot area is 140 m2 (length is 50 m, width is 2.8 m). The accounting area is 70 m2 (length is 50 m, width is 1.4 m). The arrangement of options in the repetition is systematic. In the research we studied 17 varieties, such as mid-early - Nevsky (standard), Spiridon (standard), Lyubava, Fresco, Red Scarlett, Sante, Impala, Sheri, Rosara, Agat, Itzil, Bracelet, mid - season - Kuzovok, Burren, Tarasov, Zakhar, Cavalier. In 2015 the most susceptible to Streptomyces scabies Waks. & Henr. were varieties: Lyubava – 13.8%, Agat – 5.6%, Red Scarlett – 5.2%, Tarasov – 5.1%, Fresco – 3.0% and Burren – 2.2%, including standard varieties: Nevsky – 12.8% and Spiridon – 5.1%. This year we also observed the greatest defeat of tubers with stolon rot (Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.): Agat – 4.9%, Fresco – 5.3%, Burren – 8.7%, Nevsky – 4.9%, Spiridon – 3.0%. Eight of the 17 studied varieties, such as Tarasov, Sante, Impala, Sheri, Zakhar, Itzil, Cavalier, Bracelet were resistant to Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht and Streptomyces scabies Waks. & Henr. When using fungicides (Abiga Peak, Protect) plant damage was practically not observed. Cavalier and Zakhar potato varieties, which combine high productivity (40 t/ha) and resistance to the studied pathogens, have been identified and recommended for use under irrigated conditions of the Orenburg region.
Influence of fat-containing feed components subjected to ultrasonic treatment in combination with zeolite on broilers’ body
Authors: Bykov A V , Kvan O V , Duskaev G K
Published: February 2021

Based on the study on morphological and biochemical parameters of blood, it can be stated that the introduction of cavitation-treated sunflower sludge into the diet of the experimental bird together with zeolite powder results in the basic blood parameters improvement. All biochemical and morphological parameters were within the physiological norm. The results obtained indicated that the cavitation treatment of sunflower sludge together with particles of zeolite being part of the feed mixture with an additional increase in the level of exchange energy led to an increase in the content of macro- and microelements against the background of a significant decrease in antagonist elements. The greatest changes were observed in the 2nd experimental group subjected to the diet with an exchange energy content of 14.9 MJ/kg DM (6% of processed sludge by cavitation with 4% zeolite).
Evaluation of soils of agrocenoses in the forest-steppe zone of the Omsk Irtysh region by the level of cultivation and fertility
Authors: Gindemit A M , Aksenova Yu V
Published: February 2021

We assessed soil fertility of agricultural lands based on the relative index and the complex agrochemical index (CAI), which was calculated from the data on the content of humus, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, and the reaction of the environment. The reaction of the soil medium was neutral, with the exception of calcareous soils and solonetzes. The structural condition in the arable layer (0–20 cm) of the soils was assessed as good. Fractions, the most valuable from the agronomic point of view (10.0–0.25 mm), prevailed in the aggregate composition. In the soils of the Kormilovka and Lyubinsky districts, their quantity was below the optimal level and amounted to 60.9–61.9%. The content of the blocky fraction (> 10 mm) exceeded the critical level by 5.0–6.0%. The deviation from the optimal parameters indicated a low degree of physical degradation in the soils. The structural aggregates were not resistant to the destructive effects of water. The calculation of the CAI showed that the soils of the Kormilovka and Lyubinsky districts had the highest fertility, the estimated score was 66–95. The soil fertility of the Azov district was estimated at 53 points. Soils under fallow and forage lands had high CAI (71–100 points). The degree of cultivation of arable land was medium and high.
Quorum Sensing Suppression of Chromobacterium Violaceum when exposed to combinations of dry plant extracts
Authors: Inchagova K S , Abdrahmanova R A , Duskaev G K , Khisamov R R
Published: February 2021

The study of density dependent chemical communication in bacteria called the quorum sensing is a promising area in science since most microorganisms that can cause infectious diseases use QS to realize their pathogenic potential. Currently, there is an extensive search for drugs that can inhibit QS dependent processes. Medicinal plants and their components are of particular interest. The main methodological approach aimed at studying the QS inhibitory activity of the studied compounds in this work was the use of a strain of Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 31532, which is able to respond to potential QS inhibitors by synthesis of violacein pigment. The object of the study is dry extracts of oak bark (Quercus cortex), birch leaves (Folia betulae) and St. John’s wort herb (Hyperici herba). The QS inhibitory activity of dry extracts of oak bark, birch leaves and St. John’s wort herb is shown. For the first time, it is justified to use compositions based on oak bark and birch leaves, as well as oak bark and St. John’s wort to suppress the quorum sensing in pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacterial microflora.
Modern state of the production organization of beef cattle breeding in the Russian Federation
Authors: Korobkov E V , Kozlov V G , Shalaev A V , Korolev A I
Published: February 2021

The paper presents the analysis of existing technologies, technological processes and technological equipment, as well as the state of the organization of production of beef breeding in Russia. The adoption of the program “Development of beef breeding in Russia” allowed significant expansion of the production of beef by raising specialized beef cattle not only for the southern and southeastern regions of our country, but also in the rest of Russia. Nowadays, the geography of beef breeding has expanded significantly: it is being actively implemented in six of the eight federal districts. Thus in 2018, 74 constituent entities of the Russian Federation were selected for priority support of livestock breeding. The authors note that the successful economic development of the industry is primarily determined by the engineering and technical level and the technical and economic base of agricultural production, as well as the power availability and the degree of mechanization of production processes in general. However, during the period of economic reforms in Russia, there was a sharp drop in the level of comprehensive mechanization of beef farms. Thus, today the provision of machinery and equipment in this industry does not exceed 65% of the standards. It is necessary to note that the problem with special-purpose machinery and equipment for industrial technologies of fattening beef is one of the reasons for the technical and technological backwardness of this industry. During the design, construction and operation of feeding enterprises, it is obligatory to carry out a technical and economic analysis of various options for industrial feeding of livestock, since modern realities require producers to solve many important issues, such as qualitative definition of territories for the production of beef cattle in the Russian Federation.
Analysis of the beats of separation sieve pans
Authors: Shatsky V P , Orobinsky V I , Axeonov I I , Kornev A S
Published: February 2021

To ensure high productivity of grain production reliable operation of grain cleaning equipment is required. The process of cleaning seed material is connected to significant vibration loads some of which have an impact on the separation process and the operational reliability of the machine components. To combat harmful vibrations a theoretical analysis of the beats occurring during the sieve separation of grain was made. The law of motion of the mass center of the sieve pan is derived as a function from time over a period of oscillating. The analytical solution of the obtained equation allows determining the horizontal and vertical displacements of the mass center at every moment of time. Based on this motion, accelerations and related inertial forces are determined. These forces take on sufficiently large values, which lead to beats of the indicated separation devices. To determine the forces leading to these beats, using the d’Alembert’s principle, equilibrium equations are compiled, the solution of which allows determining the total horizontal force and reaction force in the suspension. The equations of equilibrium include the forces of tension on bending of the suspension rods. It has been established that a rational choice of the geometric characteristics of these suspensions can significantly reduce the forces acting on the drive of the sieve pan and, as a result, on the horizontal and vertical runouts.
Design of energy-loaded systems using the Neo4j graph database
Authors: Zhidchenko T V , Seredina M N , Udintsova N M , Kopteva N A
Published: February 2021

The article presents a study of the tasks that determine the features of power-loaded networks, and tasks that are solved using graph models for power-loaded networks. The tasks that determine the features of power-loaded networks are communication check, isolation of network components and components, combinatorial tasks on graphs, calculation of flow distribution, graph simplification, optimal impact on the power grid, and determination of power proportions. This article presents the high-level architecture of Neo4j. Neo4j is an open-source graph database management system implemented in Java and is considered the most comprehensive and promising graph database management system. In comparison with modelling a graph database using a relational database management system, this approach allows applying additional optimization in the case of data with a more complex and loaded structure. The article proposes a model of an energy-loaded network, because it is a system of interaction of a large number of loads or consumers, active sources, communication lines. The declarative query language for graph databases Cypher was used for implementation. A graph database of an electrical network with a description of analytical data processing using a mathematical algorithm and software specifics of the work of queries in a multi-relational database environment has been built. When a query is executed for a user-specified network segment, a connectivity component is allocated; then for the selected elements of the network graph, correspondence is made with the elements of the network itself.
The study of the electromagnetic activator energy efficiency in the preparation of liquid organic waste for disposal
Authors: Limarenko N V , Krasnova E V , Pudean L A
Published: February 2021

The questions of increasing the energy efficiency of a device that intensifies the process of preparing liquid organic fertilizers for application by means of systemic exposure in the electromagnetic inductor of the activator were considered. The influence of such factors as the parameters of the working fluid, the level of magnetic induction and the duration of exposure to the specific energy intensity of the operation was investigated. A quadratic regression polynomial and the corresponding graphical interpretation in the form of response surfaces were obtained. The obtained results are the initial data for subsequent modeling and optimization of the design of the activator inductor in order to minimize its specific electrical costs, as well as to study the quality of the operational impact in appropriate conditions.
Mathematical models of sunlight for dynamic lighting systems of agricultural objects
Authors: Shabaev E A , Romanovets M M
Published: February 2021

A promising method for illuminating agricultural objects is dynamic lighting with a change in the luminous flux and correlated color temperature of artificial optical radiation sources adapted to the natural dynamics of sunlight. The purpose of this study is to develop mathematical models of changes in illumination on the control surface and correlated color temperature of natural solar radiation during the day. The experimental method established a linear relationship between the correlated color temperature of sunlight and the surface illumination in the direction of the Sun. The regularity of time changes in the height of the Sun above the horizon was determined. The functional dependence of illumination on the height of the Sun above the horizon was revealed. The equations can be used to control artificial light sources in the systems of dynamic illumination of agricultural objects in order to increase the productivity of animals.
Optimum planning of experimental research at the biogas plant
Authors: Lomazov V A , Lomazova V I , Miroshnichenko I V , Petrosov D A , Mironov A L
Published: February 2021

Biogas energy, being one of the important components of ecological agricultural production, on the one hand, allows you to conduct successful disposal of crop and livestock waste, receiving organic fertilizers, and on the other hand makes it possible to provide heating and electricity to greenhouses, farms and other industrial buildings and buildings. At the same time, bioenergy technologies require improvement and development, taking into account the specifics of the agro-industrial complex in which they are used. The problems of organizing scientific research at a biogas station are considered. Based on the analysis of the functioning of the biogas plant, a mathematical formulation of the problem of constructing a schedule for conducting experiments taking into account the costs of equipment retooling is formulated. To determine the coefficients of the objective function of the constructed optimization problem, it is proposed to use expert technologies and a fuzzy inference procedure based on a fuzzy production model of knowledge about the subject area. To construct a solution to the optimization problem, along with the classical methods of discrete linear optimization, it is proposed to use evolutionary genetic algorithms that are effective in solving problems of large dimension.
Biofuel productuin from sunflower husk
Authors: Anisimova O S , Kolomytsa V A
Published: February 2021

At the oil and fat production enterprises, a large amount of sunflower husk is production waste. It is a valuable raw material that allows enterprises to receive additional profit by implementing innovative biofuel production. The objectives of the study are to identify the areas of use of biofuel from sunflower husk and to determine the technological and economic advantages of biofuel production from sunflower husk. The economic efficiency of the production of pellets from sunflower husks is described. There is a growing demand for this type of fuel. Therefore, it is not difficult to find a sales market for this type of fuel. The biofuel production from sunflower husks will allow processing enterprises to receive additional profit, reduce the area for storing sunflower processing waste, improve the environmental situation on the territory of the enterprise and in the surrounding area. Recommendations for the implementation of waste processing technology at the fat and oil industry enterprises are provided.
Use of low-cost equipment for growing commercial sturgeon fish
Authors: Yurin D A , Osepchuk D V , Maksim E A , Kuzminova E V , Yurina N A
Published: February 2021

The paper describes alternative low-cost equipment (in-ground pools) for keeping juvenile sturgeon fish. The results of the study of the hydrochemical regime of the compared fish breeding tanks, growth rates, and fish breeding and biological indicators of the juvenile fish contained in them are described. The object of the research was the juvenile bester (yearlings). As a result of growing fish in the compared containers, it was revealed that when using traditional type and frame pools there was no significant difference between fish breeding indicators. Compared fish breeding tanks provide the necessary hydrochemical regime for the cultivation of physiologically valuable juveniles of sturgeon fish with high growth rates. However, when keeping a yearling of the bester in the developed in-ground pool, there was a certain tendency to increase the intensity of fish growth. The concrete in-ground pool, in comparison with the compared fish breeding tanks, is not only the most reliable, but also close to the natural habitat of the fish (ponds) due to its high noise isolation and low vibration from fish life support system elements. It can be designed in any shape and size, placed anywhere. From a sanitary and environmental point of view, concrete pools are the most preferred option.
Efficiency of cultivation of oil flax varieties in the conditions of the southern Trans-Urals
Authors: Karpov G G , Porsev I N , Karpova M V , Roznina N V , Lapina EN , Poverenova E M
Published: February 2021

Oilseed flax is a valuable multi - use oilseed crop. The Ural region is favorable for growing flax and has great prospects in the development of this direction. Producers of flax products need to know how profitable this crop is, and how the crop can behave when organisms or populations of the same species influence each other; what is the interaction of individuals or populations of different species, etc. To increase production and obtain high-quality flax products, it is necessary to increase the level of flax production culture through the use of science-based cultivation technologies. When creating a new variety, breeders take into account the needs of two categories of consumers - flax producers and flax processors. Some require flax varieties with high productivity (for seeds and fiber) and fiber quality, resistant to diseases and lodging, adapted to the conditions of the TRANS-Urals and Siberia. Others are varieties of flax that meet the numerous requirements of textile, construction, automotive, aviation, medical, and other industries, and are suitable for processing on modern flax processing equipment. In other words, the approach to creating a variety has now changed - it becomes targeted, for a specific order.
Modeling of export development of agricultural enterprises of the Kaluga region
Authors: Voytyuk V A , Marinchenko T E
Published: February 2021

In order to fulfill the set task of achieving GDP growth rates above the world level by 2021, an increase in investment of up to 25% of the country’s GDP is required by 2024. At the same time, domestic demand for products of the agricultural sector is growing insignificantly. Overproduction in some items puts pressure on prices, so the need to develop exports is felt more and more acutely. The development of exports of agricultural products in Russia in recent years is one of the priority areas. The activities of enterprises to increase exports are supported by the state support measures, therefore the amount of products to be supplied for export is constantly growing. The article provides the results of the analysis of the current state of export activity of agricultural enterprises in the Kaluga region. The factors that hinder the development of export potential and the measures necessary to reduce their negative impact are identified. The promising areas for the development of export potential, such as development of cluster-network associations, digitization of processes for the production and sales of goods for export, application and diversification of production, etc., are shown.
Digitalization of agro-landscapes of Altai arid territories
Authors: Kudryavtsev A , Tumbaeva N , Toropova E , Gaan K
Published: February 2021

The assimilation of digital technologies for the effective use of agricultural landscapes is becoming an integral part of the preservation and reproduction of the soil fertility. To form the attributes of geological information systems that allow assessing the agrarian landscapes of Altai arid territories, we suggest using climatic, geomorphological, hydrological and soil attributes as natural ones. We suggest creating anthropogenic attributes on the basis of the farming system elements, which is the final stage in the GIS attributes creation. We propose using not only the farming system, but also its elements, such as the organization of territories, crop rotations, seed production, technologies, chemical plant protection products, mineral nutrition, measures to protect soil from wind and water erosion, chemical reclamation, reconstruction and creation of shelter forest plantations. For landscapes assessment, we propose using data describing the qualitative and quantitative parameters of natural and anthropogenic factors, such as a scale of dynamism, indicators of agricultural soil properties, the degree of dynamism and levels of ecological state “Norm”, “Risk”, “Crisis” and “Disaster”. Such approach to the agricultural landscapes fertility assessment allows us to determine its current state, to establish the degradation processes taking place in each soil, and to highlight the levels of the ecological state. We believe that digitalization based on geographic information systems can reduce the costs of agricultural production and increase the soil productivity.
Development of resource-saving directions in animal breeding on the basis of ecological and economic approaches
Authors: Serdyukova L O , Kolotyrin K P , Slavnetskova L V , Kulikova M V
Published: February 2021

Presently situation in agriculture leads to significant environmental pollution, in particular, in cattle breeding. The storage of manure significantly worsens the sanitary and epidemiological situation. In this connection, the article proposes the use of biogas plants for cattle breeding as an environmentally safe direction for the manure utilization with high economic efficiency. Particular attention is paid to the criterion of investment efficiency after use of a biogas plant, taking into account prevented environmental damage from manure storage. An economic feasibility study of manure utilization schemes is carried out using both a biogas plant and without it, taking into account environmental and economic efficiency.
Introduction of digital technologies in beef breeding of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) on the use of smaxtec internal monitoring system for kalmyk bulls autumn fattening
Authors: Sleptsov I I , Martynov A A , Vasiliev Y S
Published: February 2021

The work includes research using the SmaXtec internal monitoring system for Kalmyk bulls fattening in the conditions of Yakutia. The indicators of the rumen pH-value, rumen temperature and animal physical activity were analyzed. The data of bulls health state weekly monitoring via bolus-sensors and natural and climatic factors in the fattening period are presented. We studied the Kalmyk bulls monitoring daily indicators (15–18 months) using the SmaXtec system. Digital technologies were used and remote information sourcing from farm livestock in real time mode was obtained for the first time in the region’s cattle breeding.
Method for Estimating Price of Second hand Ship with Multi Method
Authors: Azhar A
Published: February 2021

Demand fleet as a means of marine transport could be met by building new ships and buying second-hand vessels. The current constraints in building a new ship are the cost relatively expensive and take a long time, while the profit for the procurement of second hand ships time relative faster and cheaper price. This study aimed to identify the price of second hand vessels and to develop a cost estimation model second hand vessels. Collecting data with survey vessel prices do with field surveys and market surveys via the internet on websites selling used shipbroker. Data survey include the price, type of vessel, the main dimension, tonnage, machines, materials and speed. Multi-methods data processing and analysis consisting of market price approach, comparative vessel and physical pricing approach. Estimated price or appraisal vessel obtained from the average value of the three methods.
Study application of the domestic freight logistics system in Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho S , Larasati W A
Published: February 2021

With the geographic conditions of Indonesia, the availability and need for commodities in each province are different, the fluctuations and disparities in the prices of basic goods between regions are quite high, are driving factors for inter-island trade. inter-island trade has an important role in the economic sectors of society. The geographic condition of Indonesia with 62.89% sea area, means that the modes of transportation that can be selected in inter-island trade are sea transportation and air transportation. The choice of transportation mode is closely related to the 9R of logistics principles, namely: Right Way, Right Product, Right Quantity, Right Quality, Right Place, Right Time, Right Customer, Right Cost. The development of the digital era that has penetrated all aspects of human life has also influenced the patterns of world trade which have begun to change since the presence of e-commerce. This study will try to potray how the current inter-island trade logistics system in Indonesia is conduct and how electronic commerce (e-commerce) affect the logistics business. This research aim to provide the right input for business actors in choosing the mode of inter-island trade transportation.
Numerical Prediction Of Foils Configuration In A Design of Buoy Glider System For Supporting Tsunami Early Warning
Authors: Arifin  , Wibowo H N , Buddin H , Bambang W
Published: February 2021

Geographically, Indonesia is a disaster-prone country, with the potential to cause damage to public infrastructure not only cause enormous loss of life. Based on the tsunami risk map released by BNPB in 2018, it needs more attention so that mitigation can be implemented properly. It necessary to revitalize nationally developed by BPPT the buoy-based early warning system for tsunami disasters. Early generation tsunami buoy designs were successfully developed and operated in several waters in Indonesia. In order to improve the performance of the tsunami buoy, a new vehicle system known as the Wave Buoy Glider (WBG) is proposed. It is hoped that this WBG design can cover a wider monitoring area as well as more wave elevation measurement data related to tsunami events. In this research some of the buoy glider-design parameters such as sizes and configurations of foil are studied in order to obtain the optimal pulling force of the wave glider to the surface floater. A numerical calculation using the CFD technique is used to determine the hydrodynamic force. So that from this study, it can be seen that an increasing number used foils, the drag and lift forces also tend to increase. The larger the span foil, the greater the value of the drag and lift forces, especially at the larger AoA angle. The positive values of drag forces at any lift forces confirm that wave glider always move forward with every vertical movement of the floater.
Design of Ship Repair Yard Ranking Website Based on Customer Reviews
Authors: Arif M S , Pribadi S R W , Mahendra A
Published: February 2021

Many ship owners currently choose ship repair yards based on conventional ways; there is no specific platform that can provide information objectively ranking the ship repair yards that can be accessed in public. On the other hand, technological developments have shifted in community business activities from an offline way to the online method. The initial process of designing the application is by determining and weighing the criteria for assessing ship repair shipyards using the AHP method and then obtained nine criteria with weights for each standard. After getting the requirements and value, then we make a website-based application design. This application will display shipyard ranking according to the ratings and reviews provided by customers. The calculation of each shipyard’s rating and scale will be determined based on the per-criteria value, which is then accumulated based on the weight of each predetermined criterion. After testing the application in a questionnaire on several respondents from shipping companies, this application gets a value of 28.5 out of 30, or 94.9%, which means this application necessary to be applied in the ranking of ship repair yard.
Technical Review of Bollard Pull Calculation to Support Shuttle Tanker from Spread Mooring System FSO
Authors: Ariana I M , Prastyasari F I , Putera R R
Published: February 2021

An FSO was designed with Spread Mooring System to substitute the former FSO whose mooring system was designed with Turret Mooring System. Theoretically, the environmental loads affecting the shuttle tanker when the crude oil transfer process from FSO is undergone, it will have a bigger number and require a bigger bollard pull specification of the AHTS vessels to assist the shuttle tanker in place. It is due to the weathervane flexibility that is adjusted to the heading direction of either the FSO or shuttle tanker which found in Turret Mooring System is absent in Spread Mooring System. The calculation of environmental loads in this research is conducted using recommendation from DNV-GL and wind, wave, current, and inertia loads are taken into accounts. The biggest transversal environmental load is recorded by the magnitude of 262.96 MT towards positive vector. Whilst the biggest longitudinal environmental load is recorded by the magnitude of 105.44 MT towards negative vectors. By considering safety factor, age, efficiency, and towing configuration of the AHTS vessels, the recommended specification of the AHTS vessels configuration are the 200 MT AHTS vessel in stern of the shuttle tanker and 220 MT AHTS vessel in port side or starboard side of the shuttle tanker.
Maneuverability study and economic analysis for tugboat procurement in basin area
Authors: Ariana I Made , Dinariyana D. P. A. A. B. , Tyasayumranani Widiastuti , Pratiwi Emmy
Published: February 2021

The growth of the energy industry in Indonesia is increasing rapidly. This study concern about the crude and product oil distribution of one of the biggest oil companies in Indonesia. The distribution of crude and product oil requires large capacity particularly designed bunker transportation, which is an oil tanker. However, the enormous size of the tanker causes the tanker must be assisted by a tugboat to berth at the port of any type of waters. In this study, the simulations were conducted at the Marine Region (MR) III of Tanjung Priok Port, which has a basin-shaped berthing area, to determine the needs of tugboats force based on the size of the tankers. The simulations were carried out in MATLAB software by considering Tankers’ principal dimension, environmental data, Tugboat force (Bollard Pull; BP), and Tugboat’s heading angle. Then, those forces should be combined with each other into several scenarios and reviewed its economics based on the “buy”, “lease”, and “combination” scenario, calculated in the Capital Expenditure and Operational Expenditure factors.
The correlation of tsunami heights and coastal conditions in Palu Bay using the Contingency Coefficient Analysis
Authors: Hariyanto I H , Pratomo D G , Darminto M R
Published: February 2021

The accelerated development of Palu City and its vicinity areas surrounding Palu Bay has changed the land use especially in the coastal area. These changes may reduce the function of the beach as a natural bathing wave. The 2018 Palu Bay tsunami have varying heights. This height variation is probably because of the difference in both geographical and geological conditions in coastal areas which are located surrounding the bay. The research used the contingency coefficient as a method for determining the magnitude of the correlation between tsunami heights and several parameters, such as: land cover, slope, and lithology. The results show the land cover parameter has the most effect the height of the tsunami wave recorded. Based on the significance test using the Chi-Square, the slope of the coastal area is the most representative parameter with a 66% confidence level.
Energy harvesting capability of single-chamber oscillating water column wave energy device model on controlled wave height and period
Authors: Achmad Aulia , Husain F
Published: February 2021

The urgency of electricity demand and environmentally friendly power generator made ocean wave energy as one of many renewable energies that could be implemented in Indonesia because many of its coastlines have the power enough to generate electricity locally and regionally. This research is mainly discussing the model’s capability to generate electricity based on various wave height and period. This energy harvester model made in the laboratory with 1:16 scale, so the other variable component also following this scale. The turbine used in this experiment using Wells turbine with seven blades following the profile guidelines of NACA 0024. The result of this research shows that the power generated by the turbine correlates to wave height and wave period. The output generated by this energy harvester model could achieve 21.2 kilowatts in one hour on average or 339.4 kilowatts in one hour if upscaled to its real size.
Fixed Manpower Reduction Analysis to Reduce Indirect Cost of Ship Production
Authors: Wahidi S I , Pribadi S R W , Pribadi T W , Wardhana N L A , Arif M S
Published: February 2021

In the shipping industry, especially shipyards which are used for building and repairing ships, a lot of labor is required. Due to a lot of labor, of course, makes the salary component to be a fairly large cost component in the company. Nowadays, many shipyards have turned to outsourcing-based shipyards, to reduce indirect costs. However, other shipyards have not yet become outsourcing-based shipyards, so the number of workers is still relatively large. The high number of permanent workers in a company indicates the effectiveness and efficiency of the workforce in the company is still lacking, so that the company will experience losses because the workload received by each workforce does not match the salary received by the worker. The research was conducted using the Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) method, which the components required for this method are the effective working days in 1 year and the effective working time in 1 year. After the analysis was carried out, the percentage of reduction in labor remained at 55%, and the percentage reduction in indirect costs is 38%.
Risk Analysis Using the Risk-Based Inspection (RBI) Method for a Pressure Vessel at Offshore Platform
Authors: Cahyono N , Zaman M B , Siswantoro N , Priyanta D , Pitana T
Published: February 2021

Energy sources that can be utilized by humans are oil and natural gas. However, in exploration activities, there are problems regarding the risk level determination of equipment in offshore platforms. The equipment that has an important function for the processing of oil and gas is a pressure vessel. In the contents of the hydrocarbon flow produced by the production well, it consists of various mixtures (gas, crude oil, and water). Therefore, it is necessary to have a separation process between the three fluid phases by using a device, namely a separator (pressure vessel). If the process of separating the three-phase from the hydrocarbon flow fails, it will result in product failure and also threaten the workers and the surrounding environment. So, this study will use the risk-based inspection (RBI) method to determine the level of risk from a pressure vessel. The risk-based inspection (RBI) method was chosen because the oil and gas processing industry have a high level of risk so that safety for business management and environmental conditions is the main consideration. Another advantage of using the risk-based inspection (RBI) method is the reduced shutdown time and the number of equipment inspections.
Economic analysis on the LNG Distribution to power plants in Bali and Lombok by utilizing mini-LNG carriers
Authors: Pratiwi Emmy , Handani Dhimas Widhi , Antara Gede Bagus Dwi Suasti , Dinariyana A A B , Abdillah Hayy Nur
Published: February 2021

In recent years, small-scale LNG has contributed significantly in supplying the demand from industry users of natural gas as clean fuel. Small-scall LNG has the advantages of providing the greater operational flexibility and lower initial investment cost than conventional LNG or pipeline supply. Focusing on the case in Indonesia, many designed gas-fuel power plants are located in remote area or in the limited depth of water level especially in eastern part of Indonesia, such as Lombok and Bali. Therefore, small-scall LNG is purposed to overcome the natural gas demand in such conditions. Two scenarios were developed in this study in utilizing the conventional LNG carriers to deliver the natural gas from origin located in LNG terminal Benoa, Bali, to several power plants in Bali and Lombok. Both scenarios are new ship LNG building and the conversion of Landing Craft Tank (LCT) into non-conventional LNG carrier. Economic analysis on the LNG Distribution to power plants in Bali and Lombok utilizing mini LNG carriers is the main objective of this study. Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) including mini-LNG carrier, investment in jetty, storage facility, regasification unit and the system distribution to the power plant were considered. While the Operational Expenditure (OPEX) consist of operational and maintenance cost in receiving terminal and LCT. The result of this papers can be concluded that based on the economic perspective, utilizing the mini LNG carriers are feasible and requires relatively small cost to supply the LNG demand in Lombok and Bali.
Field investigation on the state of marine safety of traditional fishery
Authors: Nugroho S , Nugraha S A
Published: February 2021

Gaining an understanding of the characteristics that affect maritime safety is not easy. It is necessary to have sufficient information about what can support safety. Problems in traditional fishing are visible from the low level of safety and the availability of information that supports the fishers’ safety. Several accidents that occur due to negligence of work prove that the low quality of information is also the cause of failure to maintain safety. What commonly happens is that there are differences and discrepancies in recorded accident data with reality on the field, where this is rarely known even though accidents occur. It shows that there is no data integrity to support safety. When talking about safety, there must be a potential failure, which can be identified from the information obtained. However, in reality, the information used to support fishers’ safety is not available, so traditional fishing boats’ safety cannot run optimally due to data unavailability. When safety governance cannot be carried out using correct data, safety management becomes ineffective. By investigating the state of marine safety and examining the role of information on traditional fishers’ safety, it is hoped that it can produce a better mechanism for traditional fishers’ safety.
Regulatory framework of a computer-based stowage planning: safety and efficiency considerations
Authors: Nugroho S , Djatmiko E B , Murdjito  , Ardhi E W , Supomo H , Buana I G N S
Published: February 2021

Stowage planning is a tedious job. It involves technical and administrative tasks. Evolving data along the process and information completeness should be considered, when dealing with the updating of stowage plans. Recent IMO Regulations have brought forward a set of advanced stability criteria, far beyond the computation of metacentric height. The paper outlines the challenges on the implementation of proper stowage planning practices from the perspectives of safety and operational efficiency.
User Aspiration and Design of Functional Architecture in Seafarer’s Certification Management
Authors: Nugroho S , Putro A T
Published: February 2021

Maritime (kepelautan) is matters related to manning, education, certification, authority, rights and seafarer’s obligations. In marine transportation activities, there are several main instruments that must be in place, namely transportation facilities (ships), transportation facilities providers (shipping companies / government), ship operator service providers (seafarer), certified seafarers / producers of seafarers (training institutions) and infrastructure, such as ports, channels, warehouses, and so on. The relationship between seafarers and seafarer certification (education and training institutions / government) and shipping companies is a concern in this study, especially in relation to the impact of many falsification of seafarer certificates, despite the implementation of an online database certification system that is centralized in Directorate General of Sea Transportation (DJPL). There are 3 (three) major problems that are still popular at this time, for instance unoriginal of seafarer certificates, unpaid seafarers or late receiving wages for more than 1 (one) wage period, and seafarers have a difficult time to find jobs on board. One of the available instruments to solve this problem is the intelligent transport system (ITS) architecture which is liable to be adopted in mapping the aspirations of marine transportation stakeholders, blockchain technology, such as decentralizing (one of the pillars / characteristics of blockchain technology) seafarer certificate database. A cost benefit analysis will be used in this study to obtain how much does it cost to improve the system and to see the benefit of the product.
Study the variation of surface topography & corrosion resistance of Cr-GO nanocomposite coatings by addition of GO nanoparticles
Authors: Mahmoudi Delaram , Taghizadeh Tabrizi Arvin , Aghajani Hossein
Published: February 2021

The chromium-graphene oxide nanocomposite coating was synthesized successfully by the electroplating method in this investigation. The influence of the addition of GO on surface topography, microhardness and the corrosion behavior of chromium coatings was studied by polarization and electrochemical impedance microscopy methods. The maximum surface microhardness value was measured at a sample with 10 wt% of GO particle equals to 766 HV. The results of surface analysis (Atomic Force Microscopy and microhardness) reveals that the combination of two main factors of GO particle addition and coating thickness has more effect on the surface microhardness than the grain size of topographies. Corrosion results show the addition of the GO particles reduces the corrosion resistance of chromium coating but layer with 5 wt% of GO particles has better corrosion resistance than other composite coatings. Also, results show that corrosion resistance has a meaningful relationship with Sa/Sp ratio.
A positivity-preserving, energy stable and convergent numerical scheme for the Poisson-Nernst-Planck system
Authors: Liu Chun , Wang Cheng , Wise Steven , Yue Xingye , Zhou Shenggao
Published: February 2021

In this paper we propose and analyze a finite difference numerical scheme for the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equation (PNP) system. To understand the energy structure of the PNP model, we make use of the Energetic Variational Approach (EnVarA), so that the PNP system could be reformulated as a non-constant mobility

H

−
1

H^{-1}

gradient flow, with singular logarithmic energy potentials involved. To ensure the unique solvability and energy stability, the mobility function is explicitly treated, while both the logarithmic and the electric potential diffusion terms are treated implicitly, due to the convex nature of these two energy functional parts. The positivity-preserving property for both concentrations,

n
n

and

p
p

, is established at a theoretical level. This is based on the subtle fact that the singular nature of the logarithmic term around the value of

0
0

prevents the numerical solution reaching the singular value, so that the numerical scheme is always well-defined. In addition, an optimal rate convergence analysis is provided in this work, in which many highly non-standard estimates have to be involved, due to the nonlinear parabolic coefficients. The higher order asymptotic expansion (up to third order temporal accuracy and fourth order spatial accuracy), the rough error estimate (to establish the

ℓ
∞

\ell ^\infty

bound for

n
n

and

p
p

), and the refined error estimate have to be carried out to accomplish such a convergence result. In our knowledge, this work will be the first to combine the following three theoretical properties for a numerical scheme for the PNP system: (i) unique solvability and positivity, (ii) energy stability, and (iii) optimal rate convergence. A few numerical results are also presented in this article, which demonstrates the robustness of the proposed numerical scheme.
Roles for ELMOD2 and Rootletin in ciliogenesis
Authors: Turn Rachel E. , Linnert Joshua , Gigante Eduardo D. , Wolfrum Uwe , Caspary Tamara , Kahn Richard A.
Published: February 2021

The ARF GAP ELMOD2, Rootletin, and ARL2 all act in a common pathway to suppress spurious ciliation upstream of CP110 and to maintain centrosome cohesion.