bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface Stress and Atmospheric Boundary Layer Response to Mesoscale SST Structure in Coupled Simulations of the Northern California Current System
Authors: Samelson R. M. , O’Neill L. W. , Chelton D. B. , Skyllingstad E. D. , Barbour P. L. , Durski S. M.
Published: October 2019

The influence of mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) variations on wind stress and boundary layer winds is examined from coupled ocean–atmosphere numerical simulations and satellite observations of the northern California Current System. Model coupling coefficients relating the divergence and curl of wind stress and wind to downwind and crosswind SST gradients are generally smaller than observed values and vary by a factor of 2 depending on planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme, with values larger for smoothed fields on the 0.25° observational grid than for unsmoothed fields on the 12-km model grid. Divergence coefficients are larger than curl coefficients on the 0.25° grid but not on the model grid, consistent with stronger scale dependence for the divergence response than for curl in a spatial cross-spectral analysis. Coupling coefficients for 10-m equivalent neutral stability winds are 30%–50% larger than those for 10-m wind, implying a correlated effect of surface-layer stability variations. Crosswind surface air temperature and SST gradients are more strongly coupled than downwind gradients, while the opposite is true for downwind and crosswind heat flux and SST gradients. Midlevel boundary layer wind coupling coefficients show a reversed response relative to the surface that is predicted by an analytical model; a predicted second reversal with height is not seen in the simulations. The relative values of coupling coefficients are consistent with previous results for the same PBL schemes in the Agulhas Return Current region, but their magnitudes are smaller, likely because of the effect of mean wind on perturbation heat fluxes.
“Fake News” Is Not Simply False Information: A Concept Explication and Taxonomy of Online Content
Authors: Molina Maria D. , Sundar S. Shyam , Le Thai , Lee Dongwon
Published: October 2019

As the scourge of “fake news” continues to plague our information environment, attention has turned toward devising automated solutions for detecting problematic online content. But, in order to build reliable algorithms for flagging “fake news,” we will need to go beyond broad definitions of the concept and identify distinguishing features that are specific enough for machine learning. With this objective in mind, we conducted an explication of “fake news” that, as a concept, has ballooned to include more than simply false information, with partisans weaponizing it to cast aspersions on the veracity of claims made by those who are politically opposed to them. We identify seven different types of online content under the label of “fake news” (false news, polarized content, satire, misreporting, commentary, persuasive information, and citizen journalism) and contrast them with “real news” by introducing a taxonomy of operational indicators in four domains—message, source, structure, and network—that together can help disambiguate the nature of online news content.
Autologous Fat Injection Pharyngoplasty in Adults with Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
Authors: Contrera Kevin J. , Tierney William S. , Bryson Paul C.
Published: October 2019

Objectives:

Understand the utility and technique of injection pharyngoplasty with autologous fat for the treatment of mild to moderate velopharyngeal insufficiency in adults without a history of cleft palate.

Methods:

Consecutive case series of 11 patients (mean [SD] 41 ± 21 years of age) who underwent injection pharyngoplasty with autologous fat from 2012 to 2018 at a tertiary care center. Patients were followed for a mean of 8.6 ± 8 months with pre versus postoperative evaluations of improvement in rhinophonia, dysphagia, and velopharyngeal closure by nasopharyngoscopy (scored: 0, none; 1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, near-complete; 4, complete).

Results:

Patient selection and surgical techniques are described. Mean improvements were 2.3 ± 0.86 for rhinophonia, 2.0 ± 0.89 for dysphagia, and 3.0 ± 0.95 for velopharyngeal closure by nasopharyngoscopy. Five (45%) patients underwent subsequent intervention, including four repeat fat injections and three sphincter pharyngoplasties. There were two transient complications–donor site hematoma and subjective nasal obstruction.

Conclusions:

Although objective assessments are lacking to date, this is among the first reports to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of injection pharyngoplasty with autologous fat for velopharyngeal insufficiency in a population of adults without a history of cleft. We found, on average, moderate improvement in rhinophonia and dysphagia, and near-complete improvement in velopharyngeal closure by nasopharyngoscopy; however, a portion of patients required subsequent intervention.
The Zoroastrian Provenance of Some Islamic Eschatological Doctrines
Authors: Akbar Ali
Published: October 2019

Zoroastrianism, as the major Iranian religion before the fall of the Sasanian Empire in the seventh century, exercised a deep influence on other religious traditions of the region around it. In particular, it has exercised a strong influence on the development of eschatological ideas in the Arabic and Islamic literature. This article explores some of the main features of the transmission of ideas from Zoroastrian sources to Islamic literature, focusing on doctrines regarding the judgment of souls after death. It argues that the Islamic literature that emerged in the first centuries of Islamic history borrowed several eschatological themes covered in Zoroastrian sources, and incorporated them into an Islamic theological system.
Meditating for the Planet: Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Sustainable Consumption Behaviors
Authors: Geiger Sonja M. , Fischer Daniel , Schrader Ulf , Grossman Paul
Published: October 2019

Recent research suggests that mindfulness may foster sustainable consumption behavior through the reduction of the so-called attitude–behavior gap, or by weakening material values while increasing subjective well-being. The current controlled longitudinal study tested these propositions by employing a sustainability-adapted mindfulness-based intervention (sMBI) to two different samples ( n = 60 university students; n = 71 employees). Although the intervention successfully enhanced mindful experiences in both samples, we found no evidence for neither direct effects on sustainable consumption behavior or related attitudes, nor for the reduction of the attitude–behavior gap. However, the intervention led to greater well-being in the student sample and suggested a decline of materialistic value orientations in both samples. The results blunt previous claims about potential causal effects of mindfulness practice on sustainable consumption behavior. Nevertheless, they indicate that the sMBI affects behavior-distal variables, such as material values and well-being, which in turn could influence consumption behavior in the long run.
It’s time to think boldly about Canada–Japan security cooperation
Authors: Welch David A
Published: October 2019

Policy-makers, scholars, and commentators regularly remark upon the unrealized potential of Canada–Japan cooperation, but neither country has taken decisive steps to address it. This reticence is especially noticeable in the security realm. As friendly, like-minded countries with common values, a common vision of international order, and strongly shared security interests in an increasingly tumultuous world, Canada and Japan would be expected to strengthen security ties in meaningful ways. Recent (relatively minor) steps in this direction are welcome. But the time is ripe for the two countries to cement their security partnership through a series of bolder measures ultimately leading to formal alliance.
The international model citizen and the Syrian war: Canadian identity from a civilian power perspective
Authors: Dück Elena
Published: October 2019

Canadian foreign policy analysis has traditionally drawn heavily on the middle power concept. This paper proposes to look at Canadian foreign policy from a new angle: Using the concept of ontological security, it shows how “civilian power” elements such as multilateralism, institution building, and the rule of law, are connected to Canada’s identity and foreign policy development. The article systematically compares public statements and speeches by government officials regarding the Syrian war. The comparison is conducted against the backdrop of the governments’ foreign policy actions. On a theoretical level, the paper contributes to the discussion on Canadian identity and ontological security. Furthermore, it offers a comparison of the Syria policies of the Harper and the Trudeau governments, adding to the literature on differences and continuities between Conservative and Liberal Canadian foreign policy, as well as on empirical analyses of Canadian foreign policy and the Syrian war.
Anticipated socio-political developments and related personal responses as structural determinants of mental health problems: A population-based study
Authors: Yang Xue , She Rui , Lau Mason MC , Lau Joseph TF
Published: October 2019

Background:

Socio-political circumstances, including security, poverty, national wealth, income inequality, social integration and political conflicts, determine population health. Anticipated socio-political developments refer to the perceived improvement/deterioration in these circumstances in the future year.

Aims:

This study tested relationships between this anticipation and population mental health (probable depression/depressive symptoms and life satisfaction) and the mediation roles of negative personal responses toward socio-political situations (frustration, emotional disturbance, self-efficacy in political involvement, perceived sense of security, and satisfaction about societal ability in fulfilling individuals’ needs) in explaining these relationships.

Method:

The telephone survey randomly interviewed 420 (59.5% female) adults in Hong Kong. Questionnaire included scales assessing the aforementioned variables.

Results:

Most participants (71.7%) had pessimistic anticipations over socio-political developments; 11.3% of the participants were classified as having probable depression. Anticipated deterioration in socio-political developments was significantly associated with depressive symptoms and life satisfaction; emotional disturbance, sense of security and need satisfaction were partial mediators of these relationships. Need satisfaction and sense of security showed the strongest mediation effects both for mediations that involved depressive symptoms and life satisfaction.

Conclusion:

Both politicians’ awareness and mental health promotion are required to alleviate the negative impact of negative socio-political perception on mental health.
“A cry in the vast dark”: Ian Holding’s What Happened to Us and the confession of shame
Authors: Marais Mike
Published: October 2019

Like much white Zimbabwean writing in the aftermath of the land invasions of 2000, Ian Holding’s What Happened to Us concerns itself with the issue of white identity, but does so through its invocation of Zimbabwe’s failed policy of racial reconciliation. In this article, I examine this novel’s meditation on reconciliation and the possibility of attaining a postcolonial condition that breaks with colonial modes of identity predicated on negating forms of racial difference. I trace, in particular, Holding’s use of the confessional mode of writing in his engagement with the idea of reconciliation. Whereas this mode ordinarily focuses on individual guilt, I show that, in Holding’s novel, it expresses the collective shame of whites for their separatism, which is presented as a failure of imagination. Throughout, my focus is Holding’s recalibration of the confessional mode of writing to accommodate a community perspective, and the implications of this reconceptualization for confession’s telos, which is the forgiveness of the individual confessant and, with it, his or her reintegration into community. I argue that the confession of shame, if it is to end with such reintegration or reconciliation, effectively requires the confessant to imagine his or her own death.
Controversy in the Determination of Death: The Definition and Moment of Death
Authors: White Frederick J.
Published: October 2019

This essay reviews recent controversy in the determination of death, with particular attention to the definition and moment of death. Definitions of death have evolved from the intuitive to the pathophysiologic and the medicolegal. Many United States jurisdictions have codified the definition of death relying on guidance from the Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA). Flaws in the structure of the UDDA have led to misunderstanding of the physiologic nature of death and methods for the determination of death, resulting in a bifurcated concept of death as either circulatory/respiratory or neurologic. The practice of organ donation after circulatory determination of death (DCDD) raises a number of ethical questions, most prominently revolving around the moment of death and manifested as an expedited time to determination of death, a departure from the unitary concept of death, a violation of the dead donor rule, and a challenge to the standard of irreversibility. Attempts to redefine the determination of death from an irreversibility standard to a permanence standard have significant impact on the social contract upon which deceased donor organ transplantation rests, and must entail broad societal examination. The determination of death is best reached by a clear, strict, and uniform irreversibility standard. In deceased donor organ transplantation, the interests of the donor as a person are paramount, and no interest of organ recipients or of the greater society can justify negation of the rights and bodily integrity of the person who is a donor, nor conversion of the altruism of giving into the calculus of taking.
Persistence and cyclical dynamics of US and UK house prices: Evidence from over 150 years of data
Authors: Canarella Giorgio , Gil-Alana Luis , Gupta Rangan , Miller Stephen M
Published: October 2019

This paper provides a new and unique look at the dynamics and persistence of historical house prices in the USA and the UK using fractional integration techniques not previously applied to housing markets. Unlike previous research, we consider two components of persistence of house prices: the component associated with the long-run trend and the component associated with the cycle. We find evidence of cyclical and long-run persistence in the UK housing markets. In contrast, we fail to find evidence of cyclical persistence for the USA. For the sub-samples, which account for a structural break in each series, an important difference is the asynchronous pattern of the breaks, an indication of heterogeneity in the house price dynamics of the two countries and a sign that national rather than global events have played an important role. Although the house price movements of the last decade are dramatic, the greatest structural changes in the overall nominal and real price dynamics of the UK and the USA appear to have taken place much earlier, in the late 1970s and early 1980s in the UK and in the mid-1950s and early 1970s in the USA. An important result, common to the whole and sub-samples, is that long-run persistence plays a greater role than cyclical persistence in explaining the dynamics of house prices in both countries. These findings have substantial implications for policy decisions.
Where to Go From Here? Toward a Model of 2-Year College Students’ Postsecondary Pathway Selection
Authors: Wickersham Kelly R.
Published: October 2019

Objective: Empirical work explaining student mobility, particularly postsecondary pathways among 2-year college students, remains limited. This study examines the underlying process that drives 2-year college students into one or more pathways as they navigate higher education. Method: Drawing upon survey, transcript, and interview data from one transfer-focused and two comprehensive community colleges in a Midwestern state, this study uses a grounded theory approach to develop a conceptual model to understand college students’ decision-making process when choosing among competing postsecondary pathways. Results: The resulting College Pathway (Re)Selection Model Among Beginning 2-Year College Students contained two categories—lifetime decision-making and short-term decision-making—that defined the purposes of students’ decisions as they navigate postsecondary education. Within the categories, 2-year college students described the role of payoff, fit, transferability, place, flexibility, and mobility in their decision-making process. Contributions: This study offers a new model that explains what shapes 2-year college students’ decisions and challenges notions of postsecondary pathways, student progress, success, and completion in the context of 2-year college students’ fluid lives and goals.
Therapeutic Outcomes of Changing Lives and Changing Outcomes for Male and Female Justice Involved Persons with Mental Illness
Authors: Gaspar Monika , Brown Lexie , Ramler Taylor , Scanlon Faith , Gigax Gregory , Ridley Kim , Morgan Robert D.
Published: October 2019

Changing Lives and Changing Outcomes (CLCO) was developed to address the unique treatment needs of individuals with co-occurring mental illness and criminogenic risk. Previous evaluations of CLCO demonstrated effectiveness for male participants, but did not examine treatment effectiveness across participant sex. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine differences in treatment outcomes among male and female probationers receiving CLCO. Participants were assessed pre- and posttreatment. Results indicated positive treatment effects across both psychiatric and criminogenic domains, including psychiatric symptomology and global mental health functioning, medication adherence, attitudes toward mental illness recovery, and antisocial cognitions. Female participants demonstrated enhanced treatment responsiveness relative to males across several domains. This study underscores the effectiveness of the program in addressing both mental health and criminogenic needs in correctional populations, while highlighting the differential impact of the program across participant sex. Implications, future directions, and limitations of the present study are discussed.
Understanding the factors influencing doctors’ intentions to report patient safety concerns: a qualitative study
Authors: Rich Antonia , Viney Rowena , Griffin Ann
Published: October 2019

Objectives

To investigate doctors’ intentions to raise a patient safety concern by applying the socio-psychological model ‘Theory of Planned Behaviour’.

Design

Qualitative semi-structured focus groups and interviews.

Setting

Training venues across England (North West, South East and South West).

Participants

Sampling was purposeful to include doctors from differing backgrounds and grades.

Main outcome measures

Perceptions of raising a patient safety concern.

Results

While raising a concern was considered an appropriate professional behaviour, there were multiple barriers to raising a concern, which could be explained by the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Negative attitudes operated due to a fear of the consequences, such as becoming professionally isolated. Disapproval for raising a concern was encountered at an interpersonal and organisational level. Organisational constraints of workload and culture significantly undermined the raising of a concern. Responses about concerns were often side-lined or not taken seriously, leading to demotivation to report. This was reinforced by high-profile cases in the media and the negative treatment of whistle-blowers. While regulator guidance acted as an enabler to justify raising a concern, doctors felt disempowered to raise a concern about people in positions of greater power, and ceased to report concerns due to a perceived lack of action about concerns raised previously.

Conclusions

Intentions to raise a concern were complex and highly contextual. The Theory of Planned Behaviour is a useful model to aid understanding of the factors which influence the decision to raise a concern. Results point to implications for policymakers, including the need to publicise positive stories of whistle-blowers and providing greater support to doctors.
Teacher Prescreening for Hearing Loss in the Developing World
Authors: Shinn Justin R. , Jayawardena Asitha D. L. , Patro Ankita , Zuniga M. Geraldine , Netterville James L.
Published: October 2019

The goal of this prospective cohort study was to characterize the ability of teachers to identify schoolchildren at risk of hearing loss in order to maximize hearing screening efficiency in low-resource settings. At 4 semirural schools in Malindi, Kenya, preselected schoolchildren perceived as hearing impaired were compared to children thought to have normal hearing using portable audiometry. Eight of 127 children (54% male) failed hearing screening, all of who were identified by schoolteachers as having a high risk of hearing loss. Thus, for every 5 children prescreened by schoolteachers, an average of 1 child would be identified as having hearing loss. Overall, teacher prescreening had a 100% hearing loss identification rate and a 20% referral rate. In conclusion, in resource-limited settings, where universal hearing screening is challenging, teachers can effectively identify children with hearing loss for early intervention.
Measurement of Nasal Nitric Oxide in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Its Relationship to Patient-Reported Outcome: A Longitudinal Pilot Study
Authors: Alexandersson Cecilia , Tuomi Lisa , Olin Anna-Carin
Published: October 2019

Objective:

To assess whether nasal nitric oxide (nNO) levels differ between healthy and sick sinuses in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). A secondary aim was to assess whether nNO levels change after treatment of CRS and whether there is an association with radiological findings or symptoms.

Method:

Three groups of 12 participants each were examined: patients with CRS without polyposis (CRS group), patients with symptoms of CRS but radiologically normal sinuses (symptoms-only), and healthy controls. Measurements of nNO were carried out using aspiration method and humming maneuver. All participants completed the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). A second nNO measurement was done after treatment in the CRS group (n = 9) and the healthy control group (n = 12).

Results:

Nasal NO did not differ between any of the groups with any of the measurement techniques. There was a trend toward lower nNO values in the CRS group compared with the symptoms-only group and healthy controls, but it did not reach statistical significance. The SNOT-22 demonstrated inferior values for the CRS and symptoms-only groups compared with the healthy controls. At follow-up, no statistically significant change was found for the nNO measurements in either group.

Conclusion:

Irrespective of occluded or open ostiomeatal complexes, no statistically significant differences in nNO were found in CRS compared with healthy controls using aspiration and humming methods. Treatment of CRS improved sinus patency without accompanying a significant change in nNO. This study can therefore not conclude that nNO can be used as a diagnostic tool for CRS without polyposis.
Otitis Media With Effusion Caused by a Parapharyngeal Tumor Showing Normal Nasopharyngeal Findings
Authors: Tsunoda Atsunobu , Suzuki Mayumi , Kishimoto Seiji , Anzai Takashi , Matsumoto Fumihiko , Ikeda Katsuhisa , Terasaki Omi
Published: October 2019

The objective of this study is to evaluate otitis media with effusion (OME) among patients with parapharyngeal tumor. We have experienced 82 parapharyngeal tumor cases and encountered 14 patients complaining of hearing loss due to OME as the initial symptom. These patients showed normal nasopharyngeal findings and the presence of tumor had been detected long time after the beginning of their hearing symptoms (4 months to 13 years: median 2.5 years). Six patients had undergone ventilation tube insertion on the affected ear, which may lead to delay in diagnosis. Pathological examination was performed in 76 of 82 patients. Among these 76 patients, 13 showed OME. Seven patients had malignant lesions, whereas 6 had benign lesions. Therefore, malignant lesions are prone to occur with OME and its relative risk was 2.26 (95% confidence intervals, 1.16-4.42). This difference was statistically significant ( P = .044, Fisher test). Otitis media with effusion is a very common disease and is well-known as a primary symptom of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Therefore, nasopharyngeal observation is necessary for patients with intractable middle ear effusion. However, present 14 patients with OME showed normal nasopharyngeal findings and finally found after an imaging study. From our data, OME is an important but go-by symptom of parapharyngeal tumors. Imaging studies are potently useful for such patients with intractable OME.
Olfactory Bulb Volume and Olfactory Sulcus Depth in Patients With OSA: An MRI Evaluation
Authors: Doğan Adil , Bayar Muluk Nuray , Şahin Hamza
Published: October 2019

Objectives:

We evaluated olfactory functions in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods:

The cranial magnetic resonance images of 58 adult patients (36 males and 22 females) aged 27 to 79 years were retrieved from the hospital picture archiving and communication system (PACS) system. There were 29 patients with OSA (17 males and 12 females), diagnosed according to the polysomnography results. A control group consisted of 29 healthy patients without OSA. Olfactory bulb (OB) volume and olfactory sulcus (OS) depth measurements were performed. Nasal septal deviation (SD) was also evaluated and recorded as no SD, deviation to the right, and deviation to the left in all groups.

Results:

Olfactory bulb volumes of the OSA group were significantly lower than those of the control group ( P < .05), whereas OS depth values were not different ( P > .05). There was a positive correlation between the right and left OB volumes and right and left OS depth values ( P < .05). In older patients with OSA and in female patients with OSA, OB volumes decreased bilaterally ( P < .05). Olfactory sulcus depth of the right side was lower in the female patients with OSA compared to the male patients with OSA ( P < .05). There were no significant correlations between apnea–hypopnea index and OB volumes and OS depth values in the OSA group ( P > .05)

Conclusion:

In patients with OSA, OB volumes decreased bilaterally. It may be related to intermittent nocturnal hypoxia/reoxygenation episodes, which may be a trigger for upper airway inflammation; and proinflammatory mediators maybe harmful on olfactory neuroepithelium and olfactory impairment may occur.
Life after childhood bullying: Body image development and disordered eating in adulthood
Authors: Gattario Kristina Holmqvist , Lindwall Magnus , Frisén Ann
Published: October 2019

Studies have demonstrated that being bullied in childhood may have long-term associations with lower psychological well-being in adulthood. However, although bullying incidents frequently target the victim’s body and appearance, research has overlooked studying victims’ long-term body image development and risk of engaging in disordered eating later in life. This 14-year longitudinal research project examined childhood bullying in relation to body image development and disordered eating in emerging adulthood. Growth curve analyses of participants’ body image at ages 10–21 years ( N = 960) revealed that more victimized children experienced more body dissatisfaction at baseline and maintained their negative body image throughout adolescence and into adulthood. Mediation analyses showed that childhood bullying (age 10 years) predicted more negative body image in adolescence (age 18 years), which in turn predicted more disordered eating in adulthood (age 24 years). The indirect effect was stronger for girls than for boys. The findings suggest that bullied children are likely to face both more body image problems and disordered eating as they evolve through adolescence and into adulthood, indicating the need for early and effective interventions. Incorporating components known to promote a more positive body image could be a valuable feature of future interventions. Thus, as children and adolescents are taught to cope with bullying situations, they could also be helped to deal with the appearance culture that permeates many of these situations.
Novel Thought: Towards a Literary Study of Organization
Authors: Beyes Timon , Costas Jana , Ortmann Günther
Published: October 2019

Novels espouse an epistemological freedom that is beyond even experimental forms of scholarly research and writing. Precisely this freedom makes novels so conducive to thought. Their enduring presence in organization studies demonstrates literary fiction’s power of conveying how things are, might be, or can be thought of; of inventing new ways of seeing; of enabling different vocabularies as well as staging and transmitting specific affects. In this paper, we trace the mutual ‘contamination’ between the novel and organization studies as well as discuss different modes of engaging prose fiction, drawing on Rancière’s ethical, representative and aesthetic regimes of art. With a special nod to Kafka’s novels and stories and also McCarthy’s Satin Island, we outline the contours of a literary study of organization and introduce the special themed section on ‘The Novel and Organization Studies’.
“I’m Scared because Divorce Sucks”: Parental Divorce and the Marital Paradigms of Emerging Adults
Authors: Willoughby Brian J. , James Spencer , Marsee Ian , Memmott Madison , Dennison Renée Peltz
Published: October 2019

Previous studies have suggested that parental divorce influences the relational beliefs and orientation toward marriage of adolescents and emerging adults. Most of this previous work has been limited to links between parental divorce and global attitudes toward marriage or attitudes toward divorce. Using a mixed-method design, the current study explored links between parental divorce and various aspects of emerging adults’ marital paradigms using cross-sectional, longitudinal, and qualitative data among a sample of unmarried emerging adults. Quantitative results suggested that parental divorce was linked to a variety of negative marital beliefs including less overall marital importance, less marital permanence, and less marital centrality. There was no evidence of longitudinal changes in these associations over time. Qualitative results among emerging adults with divorced parents revealed several key themes in how emerging adults viewed the impact of parental divorce, suggesting implications for perceived interpersonal competence and the internalization of negative marital beliefs stemming from parental role modeling.
Do Internal Dialogues in Young Adults Depend on Mother-Father Incongruence in Parental Attitudes Assessed Retrospectively?
Authors: Puchalska-Wasyl Małgorzata M. , Jankowski Tomasz
Published: October 2019

Mother-father incongruence in parental attitudes can cause conflict in the child. This may result in an experience of uncertainty that stimulates a person to engage in internal dialogues (IDs). Thus, we hypothesized that the greater the incongruence between the mother’s and the father’s parental attitudes, as assessed retrospectively by the child, the greater is the intensity of IDs in an adult offspring’s life. Participants were 92 women and 84 men aged between 20 years and 32 years. We used two methods: the Questionnaire of Retrospective Assessment of Parental Attitudes and the Internal Dialogical Activity Scale. We conducted a response survey analysis. Our hypothesis has been fully supported with regard to non-adaptive confronting IDs and general internal dialogical activity: the less the mother protects, and the more the father is overprotective, the greater is the intensity of these IDs. Our findings are discussed in light of the broader literature on parental attitudes and IDs.
The selection of β-blocker after successful reperfusion in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Jang Ho-Jun , Suh Jon , Kwon Sung Woo , Park Sang-Don , Oh Pyung Chun , Moon Jeonggeun , Lee Kyounghoon , Kang Woong Chol , Jung In Hyun , An Hyonggin , Kim Tae-Hoon
Published: October 2019

Background:

The selection of β-blocker for survivors after primary intervention due to acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction seems crucial to improve the outcomes. However, rare comparison data existed for these patients. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of selective β-blockers to that of carvedilol in patients treated with primary intervention.

Methods and results:

Among the 1,485 patients in the “INTERSTELLAR” registry between 2007 and 2015, 238 patients with selective β-blockers (bisoprolol, nebivolol, atenolol, bevantolol, and betaxolol) and 988 with carvedilol were included and their clinical outcomes were compared for a 2-year observation period. In the clinical baseline characteristics, the unfavorable trends in the carvedilol group were high Killip presentation, lower ejection fractions, smaller diameters, and longer lengths of deployed stents. Although mortality (2.5% vs. 1.7%; p = 0.414) and the rate of stroke (0.8% vs. 0.6%; p = 0.693) were not different between groups, the rate of recurrent myocardial infarction (4.6% vs. 1.2%; p = 0.001) and of target vessel revascularization (4.2% vs. 0.9%; p < 0.001) were lower in the carvedilol group. After eliminating the difference by propensity matching, the similar outcome result was shown (all-cause death, 0.6% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.678; stroke, 0.6% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.479; myocardial infarction, 5.0% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.003; target vessel revascularization, 4.5% vs. 0.7%, p < 0.006) for 595 matched populations. The use of carvedilol was also determined to be an independent predictor for recurrent myocardial infarctions (hazard ratio = 0.305; p = 0.005; 95% confidence interval = 0.13-0.69).

Conclusion:

Use of a carvedilol in ST-segment myocardial infarction survivor is associated with lower recurrent myocardial infarction events. Thus, it might be the better choice of β-blocker for secondary prevention in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
The effects of preoperative balance training on balance and functional outcome after total knee replacement: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Blasco José-María , Acosta-Ballester Yolanda , Martínez-Garrido Ignacio , García-Molina Pablo , Igual-Camacho Celedonia , Roig-Casasús Sergio
Published: October 2019

Objective:

To assess the effects of preoperative balance training on the early postoperative balance and functional outcomes after total knee replacement surgery and to test whether an outpatient intervention may be as effective as a domiciliary intervention.

Design:

This is a three-arm randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

University hospital.

Subjects:

Eighty-six individuals were recruited. Seventy-seven were analysed, aged 72.1 (SD 7.6) years, of which 68% were women.

Outcome measures:

Overall state of balance, as measured with the Berg Balance Scale, and patient-perceived functionality, as measured with the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Function in Activities in Daily Living (KOOS-ADL) questionnaire, were the primary outcomes. Secondary assessments targeted knee function, balance and mobility, quality of life, and self-reported outcomes. The primary end-point was six weeks after surgery.

Intervention:

The hospital group implemented a four-week preoperative outpatient balance-oriented intervention. The home group implemented similar training, but this was domiciliary. The control group was instructed to keep performing their normal activities.

Results:

Home and hospital groups presented a moderate effect against the control group ( dhospital-control = 0.54; dhome-control = 0.63), both being similarly effective in improving the overall state of balance at six weeks after surgery ( P = 0.013). KOOS-ADL scores showed no between-group differences and a small effect size ( d < 0.5; P = 0.937). Secondary assessments suggested non-significant between-group differences.

Conclusion:

Preoperative balance training, conducted either as domiciliary or as an outpatient, is an effective approach to enhance early postoperative balance outcome but not the perceived functionality of individuals undergoing total knee replacement.
Human movement and ergonomics: An industry-oriented dataset for collaborative robotics
Authors: Maurice Pauline , Malaisé Adrien , Amiot Clélie , Paris Nicolas , Richard Guy-Junior , Rochel Olivier , Ivaldi Serena
Published: October 2019

Improving work conditions in industry is a major challenge that can be addressed with new emerging technologies such as collaborative robots. Machine learning techniques can improve the performance of those robots, by endowing them with a degree of awareness of the human state and ergonomics condition. The availability of appropriate datasets to learn models and test prediction and control algorithms, however, remains an issue. This article presents a dataset of human motions in industry-like activities, fully labeled according to the ergonomics assessment worksheet EAWS, widely used in industries such as car manufacturing. Thirteen participants performed several series of activities, such as screwing and manipulating loads under different conditions, resulting in more than 5 hours of data. The dataset contains the participants’ whole-body kinematics recorded both with wearable inertial sensors and marker-based optical motion capture, finger pressure force, video recordings, and annotations by three independent annotators of the performed action and the adopted posture following the EAWS postural grid. Sensor data are available in different formats to facilitate their reuse. The dataset is intended for use by researchers developing algorithms for classifying, predicting, or evaluating human motion in industrial settings, as well as researchers developing collaborative robotics solutions that aim at improving the workers’ ergonomics. The annotation of the whole dataset following an ergonomics standard makes it valuable for ergonomics-related applications, but we expect its use to be broader in the robotics, machine learning, and human movement communities.
How to Improve the YLS/CMI? Exploring a Particularly Predictive Combination of Items
Authors: Villanueva Lidón , Basto-Pereira Miguel , Cuervo Keren
Published: October 2019

Recidivism risk assessment is central to addressing criminogenic needs among youth offenders. To accomplish this, the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) is worldwide used, but it is long and has limited predictive validity for minority populations. This study presents a particularly predictive combination of seven items that overcomes these limitations. A sample of 430 Spanish youth offenders participated in this study. The YLS/CMI long version was filled out and reconvictions were collected over a 2-year period. Results show that this combination of seven items reduced more than 80% of the inventory and improved the predictive validity, globally and for minorities. The items that were included were related to psychopathic traits and the lack of protective role models. Therefore, this specific combination of YLS/CMI items has considerable higher predictive validity across gender and culture, and may be useful to practitioners in this field.
Influence of Test Environment, Age, Sex, and Sport on Baseline Computerized Neurocognitive Test Performance
Authors: French Jonathan , Huber Patrick , McShane Joseph , Holland Cyndi L. , Elbin Robert J. , Kontos Anthony P.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Baseline computerized testing is a common component of concussion assessments, and the testing environment has been suggested to influence test performance and validity.

Purpose:

To compare concussion baseline computerized neurocognitive test performance and validity among adolescent athletes based on testing environment (group, individual), age group (10-12, 13-15, 16-18 years), sex (male, female), and sport type (collision/combat, contact, noncontact).

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Through a concussion community outreach program, participants completed baseline computerized neurocognitive testing using Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). A total of 2845 athletes aged 10 to 18 years completed the baseline assessment. A total of 2241 (79%) athletes completed baseline testing in a group environment, and 604 (21%) completed testing in an individual environment. A random subsample of 500 athletes from each group was selected for statistical comparison.

Results:

No significant differences were supported in baseline computerized neurocognitive test performance between the group and individual administration environments. Test validity was statistically similar across testing environment, age group, and sex. However, patients of older age (16-18 years), female sex, and collision/combat and contact sports performed better on ImPACT. There were differences in total symptom severity scores ( t = 2.19, df = 998, P = .03), with participants in the group testing environment reporting lower total symptom severity scores than those in the individual testing environment. The rates of invalid tests were low across all age groups, averaging from 4.0% in the 10- to 12-year age group to 4.8% in the 13- to 15-year age group.

Conclusion:

The findings indicated that concussion baseline neurocognitive test performance is similar when administered in group and individual testing environments. However, differences based on age group, sex, and sport type should be considered when interpreting baseline computerized neurocognitive test scores. The finding of higher symptom scores in older adolescents in the individual testing environment suggests that they may be less forthcoming about symptoms in a group setting.
Not All Perfectionism Cognitions Are Multidimensional: Evidence for the Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory–10
Authors: Hill Andrew P. , Donachie Tracy
Published: October 2019

The measurement of perfectionistic cognitions has recently caused disagreement among researchers. Flett, Hewitt, Blankstein, and Gray proposed that perfectionistic cognitions are unidimensional. However, after re-examining the factor structure of the instrument used to measure perfectionistic automatic thoughts (Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory [PCI]), Stoeber, Kobori, and Tanno argued that perfectionistic cognitions are multidimensional. Researchers are now faced with a dilemma: Should they adopt a multidimensional approach derived from the analysis of the underpinning structure of the instrument or should theory take precedence and the instrument be revised? In considering these two alternatives, in this instance, we advocate the latter strategy. In accord, in the current study, we assess the factor structure of the PCI with the intention of creating a unidimensional version of the instrument. In doing so, we provide evidence to support the use of a new shorter version of the PCI. Unlike the original PCI, the Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory–10 (PCI-10) has a unidimensional structure that replicates across independent samples. The PCI-10 and the original PCI are also highly correlated. Based on this evidence, we propose that the PCI-10 provides a short, psychometrically sound, instrument to measure perfectionistic cognitions in the unidimensional manner it was intended.
Can Land Use Regulation Be Smarter? Planners’ Role in the Informal Housing Challenge
Authors: Heikkila Eric J. , Harten Julia G.
Published: October 2019

Persistent urbanization is challenging planners to reimagine the absorptive capacities of cities. While more and more city dwellers respond to the challenge with informal solutions, policy and planning responses have fallen short of providing compelling answers. We propose redirecting attention to the use of land. This paper develops a model that centers on the role of land use regulation in conditioning and sustaining housing informality. Taking variations in income, location, and regulation into account, our framework uncovers the effective, household-level regulatory burden. Using this model to audit existing land use regimes gives planners the tools to plan effectively for targeted adjustments.
Theorizing the Addressive Audience in Children’s Digital Video Production
Authors: Pandya Jessica Zacher , Low David E.
Published: October 2019

In this article, we examine how children ages 8 to 10 characterized the audiences of digital videos they made in school. Children’s perceptions of their viewers reflected, and in many cases complicated, current theorizing about the vast potential audiences of digital texts. Our analysis of videos and interview data surfaces several findings pertaining to how children characterized their audiences. Children discussed their desire to inform viewers, their deliberate choices about language use vis-à-vis their viewers, ways they predicted and steered audience emotions, and the affective dimensions of sharing one’s video with different audiences. These findings suggest that educators and researchers ought to foreground issues of addressivity when theorizing the question of audience for children’s digital products. They also raise questions concerning authentic audience in an age of increasing concern about children’s safety and security in online worlds.
Selection for Timing of Eclosion Results in Co-evolution of Temperature Responsiveness in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Abhilash Lakshman , Ghosh Arijit , Sheeba Vasu
Published: October 2019

Circadian rhythms in adult eclosion of Drosophila are postulated to be regulated by a pair of coupled oscillators: one is the master clock that is light sensitive and temperature compensated and the other that is a slave oscillator whose period is temperature sensitive and whose phase is reflected in the overt behavior. Within this framework, we reasoned that in populations of Drosophila melanogaster that have been artificially selected for highly divergent phases of eclosion rhythm, there may be changes in this network of the master-slave oscillator system, via changes in the temperature-sensitive oscillator and/or the coupling of the light- and temperature-sensitive oscillators. We used light/dark cycles in conjunction with different constant ambient temperatures and 2 different amplitudes of temperature cycles in an overall cool or warm temperature and analyzed phases, gate width, and normalized amplitude of the rhythms in each of these conditions. We found that the populations selected for eclosion in the morning ( early flies) do not vary their phases with change in temperature regimes, whereas the populations selected for eclosion in the evening ( late flies) show phase lability of up to ~5 h. Our results imply a genetic correlation between timing of behavior and temperature sensitivity of the circadian clock.
The E3 Ligases Spsb1 and Spsb4 Regulate RevErbα Degradation and Circadian Period
Authors: Mekbib Tsedey , Suen Ting-Chung , Rollins-Hairston Aisha , DeBruyne Jason P.
Published: October 2019

The time-dependent degradation of core circadian clock proteins is essential for the proper functioning of circadian timekeeping mechanisms that drive daily rhythms in gene expression and, ultimately, an organism’s physiology. The ubiquitin proteasome system plays a critical role in regulating the stability of most proteins, including the core clock components. Our laboratory developed a cell-based functional screen to identify ubiquitin ligases that degrade any protein of interest and have started screening for those ligases that degrade circadian clock proteins. This screen identified Spsb4 as a putative novel E3 ligase for RevErbα. In this article, we further investigate the role of Spsb4 and its paralogs in RevErbα stability and circadian rhythmicity. Our results indicate that the paralogs Spsb1 and Spsb4, but not Spsb2 and Spsb3, can interact with and facilitate RevErbα ubiquitination and degradation and regulate circadian clock periodicity.