bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of the addition of dispersed fine polymineral calcined clays on the properties of Portland cement paste
Authors: Rakhimov Ravil Z. , Rakhimova Nailia R. , Gaifullin Albert R.
Published: November 2016

The addition of certain types of polymineral clays containing 40–62% or 0% without kaolinite, calcined at 400–800°C and ground to 250–800 m2/kg, was found to increase the strength, density and water resistance of hardened Portland cement paste relative to the addition of metakaolin and silica fume. Increased research in this field could provide a scientific and technological basis for the standardised manufacture of effective pozzolans based on polymineral clays in different countries and regions. Effective pozzolanic additives based on calcined polymineral clays with high pozzolanic activity can be produced by calcination at lower temperatures (400–600°C) and with a lower fineness than metakaolin.
Constitutive model for municipal solid waste considering the effect of biodegradation
Authors: Feng S.-J. , Cao B.-Y. , Bai Z.-B. , Yin Z.-Y.
Published: November 2016

With large-scale construction of landfills, the study of the properties of municipal solid waste (MSW) has become an important subject. The objective of this study is to propose a new constitutive model for MSW considering the effect of biodegradation. The indicators representing the degree of biodegradation are first discussed, and the impact of biodegradation on the mechanical properties of MSW is then formulated in volumetric strain by introducing a biodegradation-induced void change parameter, which provides a fundamental understanding of the change in waste properties with long-term biodegradation. On the basis of this, a constitutive model is developed following the framework of critical state soil mechanics, and the proposed model is validated by comparing simulations and experimental data of triaxial tests and of a long-term settlement experiment. Finally, the effects of MSW composition and biodegradation are analysed by parametric studies.
Sphingosine Kinase 2 Deficiency Attenuates Kidney Fibrosis via IFN-γ
Authors: Bajwa Amandeep , Huang Liping , Kurmaeva Elvira , Ye Hong , Dondeti Krishna R. , Chroscicki Piotr , Foley Leah S. , Balogun Z. Ayoade , Alexander Kyle J. , Park Hojung , Lynch Kevin R. , Rosin Diane L. , Okusa Mark D.
Published: November 2016

Maladaptive repair after AKI may lead to progressive fibrosis and decline in kidney function. Sphingosine 1-phosphate has an important role in kidney injury and pleiotropic effects in fibrosis. We investigated the involvement of sphingosine kinase 1 and 2 (SphK1 and SphK2), which phosphorylate sphingosine to produce sphingosine 1-phosphate, in kidney fibrosis induced by folic acid (FA) or unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Analysis of Masson trichrome staining and fibrotic marker protein and mRNA expression 14 days after AKI revealed that wild-type (WT) and Sphk1−/−
mice exhibited more kidney fibrosis than Sphk2−/−
mice. Furthermore, kidneys of FA-treated WT and Sphk1−/−
mice had greater immune cell infiltration and expression of fibrotic and inflammatory markers than kidneys of FA-treated Sphk2−/−
mice. In contrast, kidneys of Sphk2−/−
mice exhibited greater expression of Ifng and IFN-γ–responsive genes (Cxcl9 and Cxcl10) than kidneys of WT or Sphk1−/−
mice did at this time point. Splenic T cells from untreated Sphk2−/−
mice were hyperproliferative and produced more IFN-γ than did those of WT or Sphk1−/−
mice. IFN-γ blocking antibody administered to Sphk2−/−
mice or deletion of Ifng (Sphk2−/−Ifng−/−
mice) blocked the protective effect of SphK2 deficiency in fibrosis. Moreover, adoptive transfer of Sphk2−/−
(but not Sphk2−/−Ifng−/−
) CD4 T cells into WT mice blocked FA-induced fibrosis. Finally, a selective SphK2 inhibitor blocked FA-induced kidney fibrosis in WT mice. These studies demonstrate that SphK2 inhibition may serve as a novel therapeutic approach for attenuating kidney fibrosis.
Apresentação e introdução
Authors: Editorial Comitê
Published: November 2016

Apresentamos ao leitor um volume particularmente “especial” para o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras Vernáculas, por meio do qual celebramos a valiosa contribuição científica de docentes titulares do programa ao mundo das Letras.
NO ROMANCE URBANO DE JOSÉ DE ALENCAR, OS “PERFIS DE MULHERES” E A TENSÃO ENTRE OS IMPULSOS DE REALISMO E ROMANTISMO
Authors: Bastos Alcmeno
Published: November 2016

O artigo oferece um estudo do romance urbano de José de Alencar, a partir da análise da tensão entre os impulsos entre realismo e romantismo.
POVO E CULTURA POPULAR: MEMÓRIAS DE UM SARGENTO DE MILÍCIAS
Authors: Cunha Cilaine Alves
Published: November 2016

Memórias de um sargento de milícias forja uma continuidade temporal ligando 1808 a 1852 para desqualificar práticas sociais, religiosas e artísticas do tempo dos reis. A crítica aos preceitos do romantismo oficial desemboca na compreensão de que a cultura brasileira se consolida pela multiplicidade, fruto da mistura entre várias etnias.
ÁLVARES DE AZEVEDO – ARIEL E CALIBAN: UMA TENTATIVA DO DUALISMO À UNICIDADE
Authors: Guimarães Ana Rosa Gonçalves de Paula
Published: November 2016

O presente trabalho apresenta uma leitura referente as diversas conceituações fundamentadas na grandiosidade do que foi o Movimento Romântico do século XVIII, ao enfatizar o contexto historicossocial, as características e atitudes pertinentes ao fazer poético e ao conceito de indivíduo desse momento, bem como suas mazelas e questionamentos acerca da existência e da arte. Logo após, foi realizado uma investigação do Romantismo brasileiro, enfocando, em especial, a obra de Álvares de Azevedo, Lira dos Vinte Anos, pertencente à terceira geração romântica, que priorizou o mal do século, o ultrarromantismo, o pesar, a dor e a melancolia. A partir dos binômios Ariel e Caliban, Azevedo, por meio da atmosfera dos paradoxos românticos, conduziu-se rumo a uma tentativa de se estabelecer a unidade perdida, o tornar-se uno do ser romântico. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica utilizando o método dedutivo, que possibilitou uma melhor compreensão do tema.
A SOMBRA DE EROS: A POÉTICA DE NUNO JÚDICE ENTRE O AMOR E O IRREAL
Authors: Passos Rodolfo Pereira
Published: November 2016

A ausência e as sombras do amor são umas das principais linhas de força da poesia de Nuno Júdice. O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as relações intertextuais existentes na obra poética do autor no tocante a uma vertente literária romântica. Dentro deste prisma, abordaremos a revisitação do escritor aos poetas do romantismo alemão, como Hölderlin, e do romantismo português, como Camilo Castelo Branco. A questão da intertextualidade é marcante na obra judiciana e esta retomada não pode ser vista de forma gratuita, pois corrobora com uma atitude de juízo crítico de toda uma tradição cultural, desconstruindo não apenas modelos de criação literária, mas, sobretudo, de pensamento. O jogo amoroso e a mulher amada são trespassados por uma mnemônica perda de fundamento, a qual designamos como Antiphysis, uma experiência estética oposta à mímesis e ao suporte da realidade. Será nosso intuito ainda apresentar e
questionar algumas teorizações sobre o Romantismo e sua correspondência com o mundo atual e suas consequentes correlações com a obra do autor português.
ANÁLISE ENTONACIONAL DA LEITURA DE TELEJORNAIS CHILENOS E ESPANHÓIS COM BASE NA TEORIA DA LÍNGUA EM ATO
Authors: De Pinho José Ricardo Dordron
Published: November 2016

Este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar uma descrição entonacional do fonoestilo leitura de notícias de telejornais em língua espanhola por apresentadores homens e mulheres das variedades chilena e espanhola. Para tanto, aplicamos aos dados uma análise das funções informativas, segundo a Teoria da Língua em Ato. De acordo com a mesma, em nosso corpus, poderíamos encontrar 6 de suas unidades de informação; no entanto, apenas 4 foram efetivamente observadas: tópico, comentário, apêndice de tópico e apêndice de comentário. As duas últimas são bastante raras. Ainda que o comentário seja um elemento obrigatório e o tópico não, para a Teoria da Língua em Ato, a frequência de ocorrência dessa segunda função informativa é bastante alta em nossos enunciados, o que indica um alto grau de topicalização que caracterizaria o fonoestilo em questão. Para o tópico, foram identificados os mesmos 3 perfis melódicos descritos para o italiano, com foco à direita. Para o comentário, encontramos movimentos de F0 que caracterizam um comentário ligado não final, um comentário ligado não final mas final de sequência e um comentário em final de leitura. Os correlatos morfossintáticos do tópico tendem a ser substantivos e os do comentário, verbos. 
PROSÓDIA E SINTAXE: UM ESTUDO PERCEPTIVO SOBRE ESTRUTURAS DE TÓPICO E SUJEITO NO PORTUGUÊS BRASILEIRO
Authors: Fonseca Aline Alves , Brandão Ana Carolina Monteiro , Da Silva Andressa Christine Oliveira
Published: November 2016

No presente estudo, investigamos se as características prosódicas de um Sintagma Nominal (SN), na posição de tópico de argumento interno ou de sujeito não topicalizado em uma oração, são suficientes e informativas para ouvintes distinguirem essas duas categorias sintáticas. Para tanto, aplicamos uma tarefa de completar frases, com itens experimentais gravados com as propriedades prosódicas de sintagmas entoacionais (IP) para tópicos, nos termos de Nespor e Vogel (2007) e Pierrehumbert (1980), e com as características prosódicas de sintagmas fonológicos (PhP) para sujeitos. Os participantes, após ouvirem o item experimental, com estrutura prosódica de tópico ou de sujeito, deveriam completar a frase, utilizando a estrutura ouvida, de maneira que todo o conjunto fizesse sentido. Analisamos o tempo de resposta gasto pelos participantes entre o fim da audição do item experimental e o início da completação da frase e ainda o tipo de elemento sintático que iniciava a completação. Mais precisamente, dividimos a completação em 4 categorias: a) nomes ou pronomes, b) verbos em 1ª pessoa, c) verbos de ligação e d) verbos em 3ª pessoa. Os resultados de tempo de resposta apontam para uma identificação, pelos ouvintes, das características prosódicas das condições de Tópico e de Sujeito no Português Brasileiro (PB).
COMO A CATEGORIA DE ATITUDE CONDICIONA A METODOLOGIA PARA O ESTUDO DAS ILOCUÇÕES
Authors: Raso Tommaso , Rocha Bruno
Published: November 2016

Esse trabalho propõe avanços na metodologia para o estudo empírico de ilocuções desenvolvida pelo LABLITA (FIRENZUOLI, 2003; MONEGLIA, 2011) apresentando dados de um estudo piloto desenvolvido a partir da nova versão da metodologia. A ilocução é entendida como a ação que o falante realiza sobre o interlocutor através de um enunciado. O enunciado é a mínima unidade pragmaticamente autônoma (CRESTI, 2000), ou seja, um ato de fala (AUSTIN, 1962). A ilocução diferencia-se da atitude, categoria que corresponde à maneira com a qual a ilocução é realizada (MELLO; RASO, 2011). As duas categorias se manifestam através da prosódia, mas de maneiras diferentes. A metodologia LABLITA visa descrever a forma prosódica de uma ilocução (configuração de parâmetros prosódicos que um enunciado deve apresentar para veicular essa ilocução). Todavia, não considera de maneira adequada a relação prosódica entre o nível ilocucionário e o nível atitudinal da fala, comprometendo o alcance de seus objetivos. Esse trabalho propõe alterações na metodologia para poder discriminar marcas prosódicas ilocucionárias e atitudinais em um enunciado, alcançando assim a descrição adequada da forma prosódica ilocucionária. Essa nova versão consiste em (i) buscar enunciados que veiculem uma ilocução com a maior variação atitudinal possível e (ii) identificar as propriedades comuns a todas as realizações. A forma prosódica de uma ilocução não é vista como um conjunto de valores fixos de parâmetros prosódicos, mas como um espectro de variações possíveis em função da variação atitudinal. Aplicamos essa versão da metodologia para analisar a ilocução de Ordem com atitudes de Cortesia e Irritação comparadas a uma atitude que chamamos de Referência (atitude que os ouvintes podem julgar menos marcada). Os dados são extraídos do
corpus C-ORAL-BRASIL (RASO; MELLO, 2012). Por fim, através de um trabalho experimental, chegamos a um primeiro esboço de descrição da forma prosódica da Ordem.
The Role of Vocabulary Breadth and Depth in Reading Comprehension: A Quantitative Study of Finnish EFL Learners
Authors: Harkio Noora , Pietilä Päivi
Published: November 2016

This article reports the results of a study on the relationship between second language vocabulary breadth, vocabulary depth, and reading comprehension. A special aim was to discover the role of vocabulary depth in the prediction and explanation of L2 learners’ reading comprehension. Two proficiency levels, intermediate and advanced, were compared. Vocabulary breadth was measured with the Vocabulary Size Test (Nation & Beglar, 2007), vocabulary depth with the Vocabulary Knowledge Scale (Wesche & Paribakht, 1996), and reading comprehension with a test compiled of sections from two former matriculation examination tasks. The three constructs showed strong positive correlations in both groups of subjects. However, based on the results, vocabulary breadth and depth seem to be stronger predictors of reading comprehension skills in lower levels of proficiency than on the advanced level.
The Impact of Listening Strategies on Improving Learners’ Listening Skill in Iran
Authors: Zanjani Behnam Arabi , Izadpanah Siros
Published: November 2016

Viable listening comprehension skills are essential as the world gets to be more and more worldwide. Multi media and the web get to be discussions for English communication. EFL learners struggle to grasp oral English writings in their listening comprehension categories. In this study, a group of 103 Iranian EFL learners participated in this study and answered a general proficiency test of Nelson and 81 students responded to the listening section of TOEFL. Students were classified into effective and ineffective listeners by application of O'Malley et al's subjective criteria (1989) and the scores of students in TOEFL. To elicit the listening strategies of each group, listening strategy questionnaire was developed. A Case II t-test analysis of the questionnaires (P < .05) showed a meaningful difference between effective and ineffective listeners. The subjects were divided on the basis of their pre-listening scores into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the instruction of listening strategies and control group received the placebo treatment. The treatment included introduction, modeling and practicing the listening strategies. A posttest of listening section of TOFEL was administered to both groups. The results imply that listening strategies can be taught.
A Review of Shahriar's Persian Divan Words
Authors: Shoaei Mojtaba
Published: November 2016

The main objective of this study is to review the vocabulary reservoir of Shahriar's Divan linguistically. He has spent a lot of time on creating literary style. His works still maintain its artistic effects. His literary speech still interests every reader to be curious about the history of the evolution of literary form of Persian language. As this is the first study that has been done in the field of the vocabulary reservoir of Shahriar's Persian Divan, Persian Philology categories have been fully presented, the verbal and semantic characteristics of Persian vocabulary reservoir are reflected. Throughout the divan, synonyms have a distinctive feature. Other categories of words such as antonyms, kinds of figures of speech, allusions, simile, metaphor, bilingualism are of important subjects. Selection of the appropriate rhymes is evident in Divan. Shahriar's Divan has also been reviewed linguistically by studying its meaningful examples of poetry. In this study, the volumes published in 2006 have been used. Selecting proper rhymes is evident in Divan. Using antonyms creates various positions and occasions in stylistics.
Psychoanalytical Analysis of Gerald’s Three Coverts to Perpetrate Violence in D.H. Lawrence’s Women in Love
Authors: Gharib Mohammad Hosein , Gholi Ahmad
Published: November 2016

D. H. Lawrence is well known for creating psychologically deep characters. Since contemporaneous with Sigmund Freud, he has been familiar with his groundbreaking theories about unconscious mind. Moreover, he utilizes them for creating his characters in his novels. For instance in his Women in Love, Freud’s impact on him is striking. Freud holds that human beings are primitive by nature and their primitive attitudes can emerge anytime. In this regard, this paper aims to draw on Freud’s idea of unconsciousness to analyze Gerald, one of main characters in the novel in question. To do so, it will primarily focus on his violence. According to Freud, human beings aspire for the violence in their unconsciousness; nonetheless, they cannot answer their psychological need easily because of social norms. However, from the view point of Freud, there are some coverts through which people can meet/justify their urge for violence. Thus, the present study endeavors to bring into light these coverts by focusing on the life of Gerald in D.H. Lawrence’s Women in Love.
Exploring EFL Learners' Preferences, Perceived Needs, and Perceptions about Language Learning Strategies
Authors: Mortazavi Maryam Alsadat , Barjesteh Hamed
Published: November 2016

This study was to investigate the impact of language experience and academic level on the perceived needs of Iranian undergraduate EFL learners. Two groups of Iranian TEFL female students (freshmen and senior) were compared regarding their preferences, perceived needs and perceptions of different activity types about language learning. To collect data, Sihong's (2007) needs analysis questionnaire for English language needs was utilized. Thirty two freshman and twenty nine senior MA students with the age range of 25-35 were considered as the subject of this study. They were asked to fill out the questionnaire through email and they were given the confidence that the collected data would remain anonymous. Results revealed that there was a significant difference between freshman and senior EFL learners in their preferences, needs and opinions about various types of activities, and various aspects of language education. The findings also revealed that freshmen students required more practice in grammar and pronunciation than vocabulary for them. The most difficult components of language were pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar respectively; however, the senior students reported that vocabulary and grammar were the most difficult component of language skill and pronunciation was the least one.
The Influence of Phonological and Grammatical Awareness on EFL Students' Reading Performance
Authors: Jafari Aliye Mohammad , Rad Neda Fatehi
Published: November 2016

The purpose of the present research was to assess the influence of phonological and grammatical awareness on reading performance of EFL students at Azad Islamic University of Kerman. Based on such a purpose, a series of linguistic tasks were applied in order to find the relationship between phonological and grammatical awareness and reading performance. 50 EFL students participated in the present study through a qualitative and quantitative survey. Phonological awareness was measured by four tasks while grammatical awareness was measured by two tasks. A semi-structured interview was conducted among EFL students and their in order to obtain their feedback regarding the tests and the role of phonological and grammatical awareness in their reading performance. In addition, in order to measure reading performance, a two stage reading task (reading vocabulary and reading short sentences) was used. The results of the present study revealed that phonological and grammatical awareness had a significant role in reading performance of EFL students of the participants.
Language and Power: The Use of Persuasive Techniques in Iran and U.S. President Speeches
Authors: Rezaei Sohrab , Nourali Niloofar
Published: November 2016

The present article is about language and power, focuses on the speechmaking skills, and using persuasive techniques such as Simile and metaphor, Mixed metaphor or simile, Extended metaphor, Allusion, Lists of three, Repetition, Parallelism, Puzzled or redundant questions, Alliteration and Wordplay. For the sake of better analysis certain elements of this ability, a comparison between Iran President Mr. Rouhani and U. S. President Mr. Obama is made. Two speeches of two presidents are selected. The first two are in the same topic and the second two are in different topics. Each president is a strong personality in his own right, both leaders have manifested this ability and managed to persuade the masses about the correctness of their political steps; however their using of persuasive techniques differ dramatically, as it is attempted to support by analysis in this article. The results show that, usually they use the same techniques but Dr. Rouhani use more persuasive techniques than President Obama does. Dr. Rouhani uses Alliteration and President Obama uses Metaphor more than other techniques in their speeches.  It can be said that using persuasive techniques is culture based.
Analysis of Language Needs of English Literature Majors: A Non-native Context Study
Authors: Poorbehzadi Ali Asghar , Songhori Mehdi Haseli
Published: November 2016

The present research was conducted to investigate the language needs of English literature students in Iran. In this study two groups of participants filled in the related questionnaires which dealt with the investigation of their language needs. The first group (N=224) was junior and senior students of English literature from Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Razi University of Kermanshah, and Azad University of Kerman. The second group (N=52) was former English literature students who were teachers and/or translators in Kerman and Kermanshah at the time. The second group was chosen to verify if the expectations of the current students as regards their future needs were realistic. The results of the analysis of the data revealed that the current English literature students used English for academic purposes mostly. The most important future function of English language for current English literature students was for teaching purposes. Results revealed that the future expectations of the current English literature students were in accord with reality.
Acute and Subacute Ischemic Stroke—A Review of Temperature, Blood Pressure and Glycemic Management
Authors: Hextrum Shannon ,   Department of Neurology, Loyola University Chicago, US, Bar Barak ,   Department of Neurology, Loyola University Chicago, US
Published: November 2016

The treatment of ischemic stroke is often divided between acute interventions (endovascular therapy, intravenous tissue plasminogen activator [IV tPA]) and long-term secondary prevention (modifying risk factors, antithrombotic therapy, etc.). There is great variability between practitioners in the medical management of stroke during hospitalization, in part because of confusing and contradictory results in the literature. Temperature management and therapeutic hypothermia is discussed in this review. In regards to blood pressure targets, while permissive hypertension is often recognized as a beneficial strategy in acute stroke, blood pressure reduction is essential for secondary stroke prevention. We review the literature regarding optimal timing of different blood pressure goals. Finally, the limited literature regarding glycemic control in ischemic stroke patients is discussed.
Understanding Multiple System Atrophy—Could Genetics Lead the Way?
Authors: Sklerov Miriam ,   Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, US, Waters Cheryl ,   Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, US
Published: November 2016

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive, adult-onset, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, autonomic failure, and corticospinal tract dysfunction. It is considered a rare disease, similar in frequency to the more well-known neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or Lou Gehrig’s disease. Though MSA has not traditionally been considered a genetic disease, new evidence is emerging supporting some genetic predisposition in many patients. In this short review, we will discuss advances in the knowledge of genetics in MSA and how this has furthered our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. There is still much unknown about this disease, but some of the recent advances made in MSA genetics may give important clues to understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of this disease.
Wellness for People Living with Multiple Sclerosis Begins on Day One—With Comprehensive, Coordinated Care that is Our Shared Responsibility
Authors: Kalb Rosalind ,   National MS Society, US
Published: November 2016

Living well with multiple sclerosis (MS) requires the integration of neurologic and primary care, psychosocial support and wellness strategies from diagnosis onward. Promotion of healthy lifestyle behaviors and management of co-morbidities may help to improve quality of life, slow disease progression, reduce hospitalizations and prolong life. The National MS Society’s new Wellness Discussion Guide is available to facilitate conversations with patients as well as shared decision-making around wellness strategies.
The Biopsychosocial Model of the Assessment, Prevention, and Treatment of Chronic Pain
Authors: Bevers Kelley ,   The University of Texas at Arlington, Texas, US, Watts Lynette ,   The University of Texas at Arlington, Texas, US, Kishino Nancy D ,   West Coast Spine Restoration Center, Riverside, California, US, Gatchel Robert J ,   The University of Texas at Arlington, Texas, US
Published: November 2016

The biopsychosocial model has been demonstrated to be the most heuristic approach to chronic pain assessment, prevention, and treatment. Currently, this model also provides the best foundation for tailoring the most comprehensive pain management program for each specific patient. Chronic pain patients have an increased risk for developing deficits in physical functioning, emotional reactivity, and cognition. Interdisciplinary treatment, based on the biopsychosocial model, is vital to address these multifaceted issues facing chronic pain sufferers. These interdisciplinary pain management strategies have progressed with advancements in science and technology in an attempt to provide the best possible outcomes for pain patients. However, while research has made enormous advances, there are still some clinical research gaps to be addressed. This article will begin with a historical overview of pain management in order to demonstrate the evolution in theory from ancient practices to the modern biopsychosocial model. Additionally, functional restoration and other early interdisciplinary intervention programs will be highlighted for their importance and effectiveness in chronic pain management, assessment, and prevention.
Rarity of Heart Failure in a Traditional African Population. A Rural Community Based Study
Authors: Okeahialam Basil Nwaneri , Agbo Hadiza Abigail , Ogbonna Chikaike , Chuhwak Evelyn , Isiguzoro Ikechukwu
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is common globally and increases with age. Among Caucasians it affects mainly the elderly, but the middle-aged in Africa. Statistics are usually hospital based, missing those in the population unable to present in hospital for various reasons. Population statistics of HF for sub-Saharan Africa are hardly available. This was to assess the population prevalence of HF in a rural sub-Sahara African community and get a truer picture of HF morbidity.

METHODS: Secondary analysis of data from a population study of cardiovascular disease risk factors in rural Nigeria; on self-reported HF as part of general history, physical examination and related laboratory investigations

 RESULTS: Of the 840 subjects, 231 were men; 8 (0.95%) of whom were in HF (2M, 6F); and aged between 50 to 90 years. All the men were above 65 years while 2 of the women were less than 65 years. Four were hypertensive, 3 had hypertension and diabetes; while 1 the oldest had neither. They all denied tobacco and alcohol use. Most of the affected women were multiparous.

CONCLUSION: HF is infrequent in rural Nigeria with a prevalence of 0.95%. Hypertension was a prominent risk factor, with co-morbid diabetes. The absence of tobacco /alcohol history, anaemia and low rate of kidney disease confirms that a constellation of risk factors is required for HF among hypertensives. The earlier presentation and greater involvement of women (in the background of multiparity) supports the notion that repeated pregnancy and child-birth place higher disease burden of hearts of women.
Autocorrelation Patterns in the Left-Ventricular Pressure Course of Isolated Working Hearts at Sinus Rhythm
Authors: Langer Stefan F. J.
Published: November 2016

Background

Observations of short term uniformity or microrhythmical undulation in ventricular pressure courses at sinus rhythm are lacking but necessary to describe cardiac status. The present investigation aims for (a) detecting repetitive similarity patterns in ventricular pressure at isolated sinus rhythm, (b) tagging hemodynamic parameters which contribute most to dissimilarity, and

(c) for a stochastical characterisation of the random component in mutual similarity.

Methods

Left-ventricular pressure curves from isolated working small animal hearts, at sinus rhythm and electrical stimulation, are analysed by autocorrelation.

Results

Ventricular pressure courses consistently reach their peak coefficient of autocorrelation either at one-beat lag (monorhythm) or at two-beat lag (duorhythm). Replacing sinus rhythm with strictly even electrical right-atrial stimulation provokes more duorhythms to occur (Langer paradox). Duorhythms become scarcer at hypothermia and high cardiac output. Repetition of very similarly shaped beats accords with an exponential law. Variability of twelve hemodynamic parameters, regarding microrhythm, is given as a Table.

Conclusions

(a) Incidence of alternating patterns (duorhythms) suggests the presence of effective heterometric autoregulation (Frank-Starling law). Consequently, a pacing test may assess contractile reserve in certain conditions. Higher multi-beat patterns occur by chance at isolated sinus rhythm. (b) Interbeat variability of relevant hemodynamic parameters complies with the initial conclusion. Statistical pooling of data from consecutive beats seems permissible; pooling alterant beats separately will do better. (c) Random fluctuation is a constituent part of medium-term ventricular pressure course. Mutually very similar beats occur stochastically by a Poisson process with fade-out. Deviations accord with the presence of mono- or duorhythms.
Epidemiology of Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes in South Asians and Comparison with Other Ethnicities
Authors: Gupta Ritesh , Misra Anoop
Published: November 2016

South Asians have been shown to have increased abdominal adiposity, visceral fat, low muscle mass and subclinical inflammation, all of which make them prone to diabetes and its macrovascular complications. Diabetes is the most important risk factor for coronary artery disease in South Asia and South Asians with diabetes have a higher prevalence of CAD than Caucasians. Similar trend has been seen with stroke and cerebrovascular disease.. Importantly peripheral vascular disease and diabetic foot occur less frequently in South Asians compared to Caucasians. In addition, erectile dysfunction is emerging as an important complication of diabetes in South Asians and its association with cardiovascular disease is being recognised increasingly.
Prevalence of the Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Left Coronary Artery from the Right Coronary Sinus and Posterior Course: detection by Transthoracic Echocardiography in an Unselected Ambulatory Population
Authors: Casolo Giancarlo , Del Meglio Jacopo , Magnacca Massimo , Tessa Carlo , Salvadori Luca , Canale Maria Laura , Ferrali Elisa
Published: November 2016

Background:   Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE)  may detect  the origin and/or  abnormal course of  coronary epicardial  vessels.  We describe a novel TTE  pattern specific for  the anomalous origin of a left coronary vessel from the right coronary sinus and a posterior course and its prevalence in an unselected population of ambulatory patients.

 

Methods:  We prospectively studied 3692 consecutive patients who performed  a routine TTE.  In these subjects we looked for an abnormal finding that we found associated with the anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery. Computed Tomography of the Coronary Arteries (CTCA)  was performed in each suspected case.

 

Results:  We found a TTE aspect suggestive for a coronary anomaly and a retroaortic course in 16 subjects out of the 3298 studied (0,48%).  CTCA invariably confirmed the presence of the  anomaly. In 15 out of the 16 patients the left coronary vessel originating from the right coronary sinus (RCS) was the left circumflex artery (LCX).  In  the remaining  patient  the anomalous vessel was the left main coronary artery .

 

Conclusions: We found a  TTE sign specific for a particular kind of  coronary anomaly.  By using TTE it is possible to detect the retroaortic course of an anomalous left coronary vessel originating from the RCS. This  pattern was found to be rare  but pathognomonic for this specific kind of congenital anomaly.  The ability to detect this specific kind of coronary anomaly by TEE may be relevant to the patient in some cases  thus representing useful clinical  information.
Karşıyaka Prevalance and Awareness of Hypertension Study (KARHIP)
Authors: Pekel Nihat , Özpelit Mehmet Emre , Özpelit Ebru , Yakan Serkan , Topaloğlu Caner , Tülüce Kamil , Çetin Nurullah , Altın Cihan , Çelebiler Aydan , Saygı Serkan , Tengiz İstemihan , Ercan Ertuğrul
Published: November 2016

Background: The study was planned to assess potential differences in hypertension prevalance and hypertension related demographic properties in a urban area with relatively higher income and cultural population compared to national average. Methods: Field work was done by educated personel at Karşıyaka Municipality Building by one by one interviewing poll, blood pressure measurement, rhythm and body composition analysis in February 2014. Hypertension was defined as  average  systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or  average diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg. Results: Out of total 1417 (627 males and 790 females) people enrolled, 780 people hypertensive(prevalence 55%). Hypertension prevalence in middle age group( age 35-65) was 46%, in geriatric age group(age>65) %79. 216 out of 780 hypertensive  (27.7%) people were not aware of their disease. Ratio of people under antihypertensive treatment was 69.4% and ratio of people under control was 34.7%, whereas control rate was 50.1% in 541 patients who were aware of their diseases.Conclusions: Hypertension prevalances in our study were similar to PatenT2 trial prevalances, which were  46 % for middle age group and 78% for geriatric age group. Compared to PatenT 2 data, rate of hypertension awareness (54.7% vs 72.3%) and rate of being under treatment (47.5% vs 69.4%) were higher. Rate of controlled hypertension was a little big higher (28.7 % vs 34.7% )in our group, whereas  control rates  in aware and treated groups were similar (53.9 % and 50.1 %) in both study. Keywords: Hypertension, Prevalance, Awareness, Treatment

 
Accuracy of Clinical Symptoms, Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Parameters for Diagnosis of Significant Proximal Right Coronary Artery Lesion in Acute Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Shetaya Ahmed Hassouna , Elkhashab Khaled , Razek Gomaa Abdel
Published: November 2016

 

Aim: Tissue Doppler (TDI) systolic annular velocity (S') and myocardial performance index may be useful  predictors of proximal right coronary artery (RCA) stenosis as a culprit lesion in Inferior wall myocardial infaection in association with clinical symptoms and ECG changes. 

Methods: In a prospective study, patients with first episode of acute IWMI underwent early conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiographic  assessment (within 24 h) of symptom onset and RV indices ; Tricuspid annular systolic plane excursion(TAPSE), myocardial performance index (MPI) and tissue Doppler velocities from RV free wall were measured. Patients  underwent coronary angiogram within one month, our Patients  divided into two groups(A,B) according to angiographic findings based on the presence or absence of a significant proximal RCA stenosis.

 Results:  There were 35 patients with first episode of IWMI, group A includes (n 14 patient) and group B includes  (n 21patient), There was significant difference between groups in TAPSE (1.28cm  vs 1.98 p < 0.001) ,MPI-TDI (0.69±0.12  vs 0.38±0.05 p < 0.001), and in  S'velocity from RV free wall ( 0.09m/s±0.02  vs  0.12m/s ±0.02  p < 0.001). It was found that S'<10cm/s is apredictor of proximal RCA lesion with sensitivity of 92.86% and specificity of 85.71%ppv 81.25, npv 94.74 , MPI-TDI>0.55 with a sensitivity of  92.86 % and specificity of 100% ,100% PPV and 95.45% NPv, and TAPSE<16mm (sensitivity93%, specificity100%).

 Conclusion; RV indices (S' velocity, MPI-TDI and TAPSE ) are useful in predicting proximal RCA as infarct related artery in IWMI.
Prevalence, Risk Factors and Pharmacological Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation in Older Hospitalized Patients in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Tu Ngoc , Huyen Vu Thanh , Nguyen Thanh Xuan , Pham Thang , Hilmer Sarah Nicole , Cumming Robert Graham
Published: November 2016

Background. The evidence about prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in Vietnam is very limited. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of AF, its associated factors and pharmacological treatment in older patients in Vietnam.The secondary aim is to investigate the impact of frailty on the pharmacological treatment of AF.

Methods. We used data from a study of the prevalence of frailty in older hospitalised patients at the National Geriatric Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. Consecutive patients aged ≥60 years were recruited from 4/2015 to 10/2015.

Results. A total of 461 patients was recruited (56.8% female, mean age 76.2±8.9). The prevalence of AF was 3.9% (18 patients). Amongst patients with AF, the most common medical conditions were hypertension (72.2%), followed by stroke (55.6%), heart failure (50.0%), type2 diabetes (44.4%). Living alone (OR=10.2, 95%CI 1.5–70.1), having a habit of using vitamins at home (OR=3.8, 95%CI 1.1–13.4), having heart failure (OR=31.3, 95%CI 9.6–101.8), and having type 2 diabetes (OR=3.5, 95%CI 1.2–10.7) were associated with the presence of AF on admission. All patients with AF had a high risk of stroke (CHA2DS2-VASc score≥2) and 72.2% of them had a high risk of bleeding with anticoagulant medications (HAS-BLED score≥3). Only 22.2% were anticoagulated on admission and 22.2% upon discharge, with no difference between frail and non-frail patients.
Conclusions. The prevalence of AF among older hospitalised patients in Vietnam is similar to that reported in other countries. Anticoagulation for stroke prevention was underused, without any significant difference between frail and non-frail patients.
Keynote Speech: 90th Anniversary Symposium Indiana University School of Social Work
Authors: Cuomo Andrew
Published: November 2016

In celebration of 90 years of social work education at Indiana University,
the School of Social Work sponsored an Anniversary Symposium on April 12, 2002.
Andrew Cuomo, former U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and
current candidate for New York State Governor, delivered the keynote address. In his
address,Mr. Cuomo recognized the history and growth of Indiana University School
of Social Work from its origin in 1911 to its current status as a state-wide, multi-campus
enterprise. He discussed the formation of Project Help (Housing Enterprise
for the Less Privileged) and shared some of his experiences as Secretary of HUD. He
also explored several contemporary social, political, and philosophical issues,
including the potential long-term effects of the tragic events of September 11, 2001.
Introduced by Ms. Jane Schlegel, M.S.W., Chair of the Indiana University School of
Social Work Campaign Committee, Mr. Cuomo interspersed his prepared remarks
with spontaneous reflections.His comments are presented here in unedited fashion.
Reflexões sobre a filosofia da história de Immanuel Kant
Authors: Sousa Ágabo Borges
Published: November 2016

Talvez não sejam muito conhecidos os textos de Kant: "Ideias para uma História Universal do Ponto de Vista Cosmopolita" e "Provável Início da História Humana", quando ele discute alguns aspectos para uma filosofia da história. Estes textos, especialmente, o "Provável Início da História Humana" abrem-nos possibilidade de uma discussão em torno dos conceitos de história provável e história criada. Considerando que "um relato do início do desenvolvimento da liberdade desde sua predisposição original na natureza humana é, portanto, algo inteiramente diferente do que um relato histórico da evolução dessa liberdade, um relato que só pode ser baseado em informações históricas" , podemos dizer com Kant, que não há como fazer uma Historiografia documental do início da história humana. Para ele, isso seria, fundamentalmente, um exercício que se consente à imaginação. Este começo não precisa ser fabricado, "mas pode ser derivado da experiência se se assume que essa experiência não era melhor ou pior em sua origem do que é presentemente." Podemos, portanto, tomar um fio condutor conectado à experiência da razão e seguir um roteiro. Kant escolhe utilizar "um documento sagrado" e desenvolve sua reflexão a partir de Gênesis, um texto bíblico. Gostaria de refletir até onde este caminhar de Kant nos ajudaria a pensar filosoficamente a parte mais antiga da história humana e como textos mitológicos nos servem de documentos filosóficos e históricos para uma reflexão do ser humano em sua gênesis.

Palavras-chave: Kant, Filosofia da História, Bíblia, História Provável, Gênesis.
A Psicanálise como Espiritualidade Não-Religiosa: Uma Aproximação
Authors: Lizardo de Assis Cleber
Published: November 2016

Propõe-se que seja a Psicanálise, além de um procedimento, método e teoria, uma forma de Espiritualidade Não-Religiosa. Faz-se análise de autores psicanalistas que tratam da Psicanálise dentro da tradição judaica, da dissensão entre doxa e episteme em Freud e aponta-se uma aproximação interpretativa das lacunas subjetivas no discurso freudiano (seu dizer-desdizer sobre a religião), sobre os quais operamos uma análise.
NO ESTADO LAICO A DIVINIZAÇÃO DO HUMANO: UMA ABORDAGEM DO PENSAMENTO ÉTICO DE LUC FERRY
Authors: Ferreira Douglas Willian , Noé Sidnei Vilmar
Published: November 2016

RESUMO:

Esse artigo dispõe sobre a concepção ética de Luc Ferry e seu consequente desdobramento na divinização do homem. Para tal, apresenta-se os pressupostos da moral cristã e a secularização dos elementos éticos do cristianismo mostrando, sobretudo, a centralidade do outro no despertar da consciência moral e do agir ético.

Palavras-Chave: Ética; laicidade; liberdade; divinização do humano; Luc Ferry.
No Estado Laico e Divinização do Humano: uma abordagem do pensamento ético de Luc Ferry
Authors: Noé Sidnei Vilar , Ferreira Douglas Willian
Published: November 2016

Resumo: este artigo dispõe sobre a concepção ética de Luc Ferry e seu consequente desdobramento na divinização do homem. Para tal, apresenta-se os pressupostos da moral cristã e a secularização dos elementos éticos do cristianismo mostrando, sobretudo, a centralidade do outro no despertar da consciência moral e do agir ético.

Palavras-chave: Ética. Laicidade. Liberdade. Divinização do humano. Luc Ferry.
Degraus do Itinerário Cristológico da Comunidade à Luz do Protagonismo do Ex-Cego (JO 9,7B-38)
Authors: Ferreia Joel Antônio , Pires Dionivaldo Rosa
Published: November 2016

Resumo: Jesus narrado pelo Quarto Evangelho é apresentado, desde o início, com um acúmulo de variados títulos cristológicos; os mesmos são usados por vários personagens em crescente, até um ponto culminante. A partir desse horizonte e entre tantos personagens, o cego se torna figura tipológica, ‘fala’ em nome da comunidade e para o leitor de todos os tempos. O seu crescimento é processual: ele escala ‘degraus’ da fé cristológica. Nosso intento aqui é evidenciar cada degrau desse caminho pedagógico até chegar ao máximo da fé professada em Jo 9,7b-38: “eu creio, Senhor!”

Palavras-chave: Cristologia. Crescimento. Caminho. Fé Professada.
Оценка состояния и перспектив развития современного рынка розничной торговли в России
Authors: Колосов Андрей Олегович
Published: November 2016

В статье рассматриваются основные особенности современного российского рынка розничной торговли, дано их описание и причины их актуальности на сегодняшний день. На основе анализа статистических данных аналитических агентств даны и описаны прогнозы развития рынка в ближайшие годы, а также приведены графики по важным для розничной торговли показателям, таким как: объем товарооборота розницы, доля каналов торговли в общем обороте, доля современных и традиционных форматов розничной торговли, а также доля продаж СТМ.
Направления развития деятельности распределительных центров в розничной торговле России
Authors: Брежнева Олеся Александровна
Published: November 2016

На основе исследования деятельности российских торговых сетей, входящих в Топ-5, сделан вывод о состоянии и тенденциях развития деятельности распределительных центров в России. Автором определены основные варианты создания распределительных центров, проанализированы сферы эффективного применения услуг распределительных центров, а также перечислены перспективы открытия распределительных центров в регионах. Результаты представленного исследования могут быть использованы на практике представителями региональных и локальных торговых сетей.
Интернет-реклама как эффективное средство продвижения товаров и услуг в условиях кризиса
Authors: Тихонова Анастасия Павловна , Федосеева Алиса Игоревна
Published: November 2016

Данная статья посвящена анализу роли интернет-рекламы в рекламной кампании, проводимой крупнейшими предприятиями. В связи с непростой экономической ситуацией, сложившейся на мировом рынке, компании по всему миру вынуждены искать способы продвижения своих товаров и услуг в условиях дефицитного бюджета. Поэтому преимущество получают эффективные, но недорогостоящие методы, одним из которых является интернет-маркетинг.
Современные подходы к организации контроля поступления и движения основных средств в торговых организациях
Authors: Дедова Ольга Васильевна , Ермакова Людмила Владимировна
Published: November 2016

В статье определены значение и задачи контрольных процедур при поступлении и перемещении по структурным подразделениям основных средств экономического субъекта. Рассмотрены основные этапы осуществления внутрихозяйственного контроля и аудита основных средств в торговой организации.
Retroposition as a source of antisense long non-coding RNAs with possible regulatory functions
Authors: Bryzghalov Oleksii , Szcześniak Michał Wojciech , Makałowska Izabela
Published: November 2016

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of intensively studied yet enigmatic molecules that make up a substantial portion of the human transcriptome. In this work, we link the origins and functions of some lncRNAs to retroposition, a process resulting in the creation of intronless copies (retrocopies) of the so-called parental genes. We found 35 human retrocopies transcribed in antisense and giving rise to 58 lncRNA transcripts. These lncRNAs share sequence similarity with the corresponding parental genes but in the sense/antisense orientation, meaning they have the potential to interact with each other and to form RNA:RNA duplexes. We took a closer look at these duplexes and found that 10 of the lncRNAs might regulate parental gene expression and processing at the pre-mRNA and mRNA levels. Further analysis of the co-expression and expression correlation provided support for the existence of functional coupling between lncRNAs and their mate parental gene transcripts.