bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación del impacto social, económico y ambiental de la explotación de una empresa minera en las aldeas de San Andrés, San Miguel y Azacualpa, La Unión, Copán, Honduras, marzo de 2015 a febrero de 2016
Authors: Orellana Peña José Salomón
Published: November 2016

En el marco de las líneas prioritarias de investigación definidas por la UNAH y patrocinado por la Dirección de Investigación Científica y Posgrados (DICYP), se realizó un estudio de campo durante el periodo comprendido de marzo de 2015 a febrero de 2016, en el que se describe e interpreta la percepción que se tiene sobre el desarrollo sostenible con respecto a la industria de la minería metálica, específicamente en sus tres dimensiones discutidas en la Cumbre de Río de 1992: económica, social y ambiental.Este trabajo plantea la revisión de las teorías que han promovido la industria de la minería y la necesidad de incorporar una cuarta dimensión del desarrollo orientada al fortalecimiento de la institucionalidad, la gobernanza y transparencia; lo que permitirá articular y armonizar las restantes dimensiones del desarrollo.La presente investigación contempló una serie de entrevistas con diferentes actores relacionados a la industria de la minería y el desarrollo, a nivel público, privado y sociedad civil. Algunas herramientas utilizadas en este estudio cuantitativo fueron cuestionarios, entrevistas, observaciones y apuntes del investigador.En términos generales, se estima que son más los costos sociales y ambientales que genera la industria de la minería que el beneficio económico. Los resultados demuestran también que la industria de la minería metálica no es compatible con el concepto universal del desarrollo, el cual sugiere satisfacer las necesidades del presente sin afectar las necesidades de las futuras generaciones, ya que la minería es un recurso no renovable.
A Way Forward Beyond Karl Popper’s and Donald T. Campbell’s Dead-End Evolutionary Epistemologies
Authors: Wettersten John
Published: November 2016

Theories of natural thought processes have traditionally served as foundations for philosophies of science. The source of all knowledge is passively received observations; these are combined to produce certain knowledge. After David Hume showed that this was not possible, deductivist alternatives, that is, theories that find a source of knowledge in ideas not derived from observations, from Immanuel Kant to William Whewell in the mid-19th century, were introduced. In response, traditional associationist and inductivist views were refurbished; a deductivist alternative was developed by the Würzburg School. Much later Karl Popper in philosophy and Donald T. Campbell in psychology integrated this view with evolutionary theory. Campbell wanted thereby to find a justificationist view, which would reduce philosophy of science to cognitive psychology; Popper rejected both justificationism and the reduction of philosophy of science to psychology. Campbell thought all rational processes were innate psychological processes; Popper thought psychological processes were used to develop various rational processes. Campbell could not show that all rational thought was reducible to innate psychological processes, nor how some justification of scientific theories was possible. Popper could not show how evolutionary theory contributed to our knowledge of psychological thought processes. Both failed to observe that cognitive processes are social; people have learned how to think by learning how to interact in social groups seeking understanding. When innate thought processes are studied as social characteristics, evolutionary theory can contribute to both cognitive psychology and the theory of rationality, as both Popper and Campbell wanted it to do.
Von Willebrand factor processing
Authors: Brehm Maria
Published: November 2016

Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric glycoprotein essential for primary haemostasis that is produced only in endothelial cells and megakaryocytes. Key to VWF’s function in recruitment of platelets to the site of vascular injury is its multimeric structure. The individual steps of VWF multimer biosynthesis rely on distinct posttranslational modifications at specific pH conditions, which are realized by spatial separation of the involved processes to different cell organelles. Production of multimers starts with translocation and modification of the VWF prepropolypeptide in the endoplasmic reticulum to produce dimers primed for glycosylation. In the Golgi apparatus they are further processed to multimers that carry more than 300 complex glycan structures functionalized by sialylation, sulfation and blood group determinants. Of special importance is the sequential formation of disulfide bonds with different functions in structural support of VWF multimers, which are packaged, stored and further processed after secretion. Here, all these processes are being reviewed in detail including background information on the occurring biochemical reactions.
Principles and Implementation of Reading Activities in Primary School English Class
Authors: Jinxiu Jing , Zhengping Zeng
Published: November 2016

Reading is an important skill in learning English. However, reading class is not emphasized in some primary schools in China, and there are various problems with the reading activities, which inadequately just focus on teaching of words, sentences separately from texts. This paper aims to bring out a whole system of principles in designing flexible English reading activities to help students form a good reading habit, apply reading skills, use language learned pragmatically and be familiar with the cultures covered in read materials. At last, some examples are offered to demonstrate how to implement these principles so as to enhance reading for Primary school students effectively.
Policy Deployment and Learning in Complex Business Domains: The Potentials of Role Playing
Authors: Barnabè Federico
Published: November 2016

This article focuses on the use of Role Playing games in management education, aiming at demonstrating that they have the potential to provide concrete experiences in which participants can acquire conceptual knowledge and operative skills, both at the individual and the collective level. More specifically, Role Playing games are powerful tools able to support participants’ learning at different degrees, since they provide a context and the conditions for concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation. To pursue this aim, a specific Role Playing game was used in an MBA setting focusing on the management of a typical supply chain. Additionally, a nominal group technique facilitated the emergence of group consensus, and the development of improvement policies. The research design and the results of several gaming sessions are discussed and analyzed according to the theoretical framework presented in the article. Overall, this study shows that Role Playing simulations can play a serious and relevant role in management education, providing free and safe environments in which participants can face decision-making issues, and problem-solving challenges.
The Influence of Tuition Fees on the Choice of University among Senior High School Graduates in Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Gyamfi Edward , Gyamfi Isaac , Qi Du K.
Published: November 2016

The study focused on the factors that influence senior high school (SHS) graduates’ choice of university selection in Ghana. The 7ps, including product, price, place, process, promotion, people and physical evidence were chosen as the service marketing mix elements. This work was guided by whether or not tuition fees have a significant influence on SHS graduates’ choice on the selection of university in Ghana.

In this study, the researchers used descriptive approach to analyze the work due to the fact that the study seeks to pinpoint the factors that influence students’ choice on the selection of university in Ghana. The population of the study was mainly final year students in the Kumasi Metropolis and the sample size was made up of three hundred and thirty-five (335) of such students. The study employed questionnaire and multi-stage sampling as a means of data collection instrument which was used to develop insights that supplemented the results of the statistical analysis. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 was used to analyze the data. The study concludes that the program (product) element of the marketing mix is the main factor that influences SHS graduates’ choice of university in Ghana with a percentage of 32.8 followed by process which accounted for 28.10%. The study recommends that universities in Ghana particularly private universities should put in place tailor-made programs that can contribute to the acquisition of high employable skills by students and also strengthen their Quality Assurance Departments.

 
Determinants of Relationship Continuity: A Mediational Study of Relationship Quality and Word of Mouth
Authors: Chaudhary Abdul Haseeb , Mukhtar Anum
Published: November 2016

Employees are claimed to be one the important strategic key asset of organization. In today's competitive world, departing of the skilled employees is immense dilemma for organizations especially at managerial level. Organizations not have only bear the cost of hiring and training of these mangers but also these managers act as intellectual capital as they possess knowledge and information of the key strategic areas. This study attempts to study the factors such as self-efficacy, work environment and workplace bullying behavior which governs the psychological patterns of employees in an organization. This paper studied behavioral factors of employees not only proves to be the reason for financial benefits of organization but also become a source of retaining skilled employees within organization which was referred to as relationship continuity in this paper. Structural Equation modeling technique is used to analyze the behavioral pattern of employees of Textile mills from Multan Region through Purposive sampling technique with resulting in 552 respondents. Thus, results from the study enfolded interesting insights identifying the factors which can be a source to improve and retain the skilled labor of the organization and utilizing them for creating the organizational image.
Loan Loss Provision and the Profitability of Commercial Banks: Evidence from Jordan
Authors: Alhadab Mohammad , Alsahawneh Saba
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of loan loss provision on the profitability of Jordanian commercial banks. While the impact of loan loss provision on the profitability of banks has been examined by prior research, this study is the first to examine this relationship using Jordanian data. By examining a Jordanian sample of 13 banks that listed on Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) over the period 2004-2014, this study provides the first evidence that loan loss provision has a negative impact on the profitability of Jordanian commercial banks. This evidence suggests that Jordan banks adjust their loan loss provision due to several motives and, this in turn, leads to negative consequences for their profitability. Return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) are employed as a proxy of the profitability in this study. 
Effects of Customer Value Co-Creation on Customer Loyalty in the Nigerian Service Industry
Authors: Maduka Ogechukwu Blessing
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study is to ascertain the effects of customer value co-creation on customer loyalty in the service industry and IBTC pension was used to represent the service industry in Nigeria. Time has passed when firms act autonomously in designing products, developing products, creating marketing messages and so on with little or no interface from or interaction with customers. Now customers seek to exercise their influence in every part of the business system. This has led to the impending question, “can involving customers in the creation of service make them loyal”? The components of the DART Model (Dialogue, Access, Risk Assessment and Transparency) were applied to the Nigerian setting to determine customer loyalty in the pensions industry. The study adopted survey design method conducted among individual customers and staff of IBTC pension. Structured questionnaire was used to generate data for the study. Multiple Regression was used to test the hypotheses generated for the study.
Chemical Composition and Functional Properties of Selected Seaweeds from the Kenya Coast
Authors: Muraguri Eric N. , Wakibia Joseph G. , Kinyuru John N.
Published: November 2016

The aim of the study was to determine the chemical and functional properties of five Kenyan seaweed species namely; (Hypnea musciformis, Eucheuma denticulatum, Laurencia intermedia, Sargassum oligocystum, Ulva fasciata) as a potential fat replacer in chicken sausage processing. The proximate composition was investigated using the standard AOAC methods, while the nitrogen-free extract (NFE) was determined by weight difference of the proximate components. The seaweeds were analyzed for mineral composition using atomic absorption spectrophotometry while the fatty acid profile was determined by gas chromatography. The water holding capacity and the emulsion capacity of the seaweed were determined using AACC procedures. The highest proximate component was NFE (65.06 %) while the least was crude fat (0.87 %). Among the nine minerals analyzed, calcium was the highest (1185.29 mg/100g) while lead was not detected. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) were the highest with a range of 53.03-71.05 % followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (4.83-17.71%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (2.75 - 10.13%). The highest emulsifying activity was obtained in Ulva fasciata (75.66 %) and Eucheuma denticulatum (75.69 %) while the lowest was obtained in Sargassum oligocystum (59.19 %). The highest water holding capacity was obtained in Sargassum oligocystum (13.75ml/g) while the lowest was recorded in Eucheuma denticulatum (8.42ml/g) and Ulva fasciata (9.16ml/g). The findings of this study demonstrated the potential of seaweeds in improving the chemical and functional characteristics of processed foods.
Livros iluminados digitais: autógrafo e reprodução em The William Blake Archive
Authors: Portela Manuel
Published: November 2016

Ao longo dos últimos 20 anos, The William Blake Archive desenvolveu umacomplexa representação da produção autógrafa de William Blake. Esta simulação digital do arquivo autoral alterou significativamente a experiência de leitura da impressão iluminada, designadamente através da restituição fac-similada da textualidade visual do original, e da recriação da singularidade autográfica das variações de cada cópia. A análise da remediação de formas e processos tipográficos e manuais, The William Blake Archive permite identificar um conjunto de estratégias, de modelações e modularizações da obra necessárias ao seu processamento digital. Através da análise da codificação de texto e imagem, por um lado, e da interface do arquivo, por outro, mostrarei as implicações materiais e críticas desta reconstrução digital dos livros iluminados.
Inocente experiência: pequeno diálogo com as canções de William Blake
Authors: Masseran Claudia Barbieri
Published: November 2016

O poeta, pintor, gravador e ilustrador inglês William Blake não foi compreendido pela maioria dos homens do seu tempo. Sua arte, até os dias atuais, apresenta múltiplas interpretações e interrogações, pois exige do seu público um olhar atento e disposto. Este artigo procura recuperar alguns pontos da biografia de Blake como sua formação, suas visões e seus métodos, com o objetivo de contextualizar a produção dos livros iluminados Canções da Inocência e da Experiência. Essa base permitirá que três de seus poemas sejam discutidos sob a luz de que vislumbres da experiência permeiam desde o início os versos da inocência: “Infant Joy” e os homônimos “Nurse’s song”.
William Blake, religião, misticismo e poesia
Authors: Willer Claudio
Published: November 2016

Este artigo objetiva analisar a dimensão mística da obra de William Blake em relação a outros autores da tradição ocidental. Aqui, compreende-se misticismo à luz dos poetas e dos gnósticos, a partir de uma visão interpretativa calcada em alguns dos livros iluminados do autor. A partir de autores como Frye e Scholem, utilizo os termos de Norman Cohn “misticismo revolucionário” e “anarquismo místico”, a fim de designar algumas rebeliões religiosas presentes na arte ocidental, rebeliões que encontrarão no poeta e pintor inglês uma inconfudivel marca de caracterização e aprofundamento estético.
Adaptando A Cor Púrpura : narrativa epistolar e voz-over
Authors: Pereira Helena Bonito Couto , Dimitrov Luciana Duenha
Published: November 2016

Transformar texto literário em mídia audiovisual pressupõe uma série de procedimentos, sendo imprescindíveis, dentre outros, a escolha de intérpretes para os personagens, de locação para os espaços ficcionais, além de um trabalho específico com a linguagem para a transposição e criação de diálogos. O objeto desse estudo, A cor púrpura (Alice Walker, 1982) apresenta dificuldade adicional por se tratar de uma narrativa epistolar. Não se discute a questão da fidelidade do filme (Steven Spielberg, 1985) em relação ao livro. Diferentemente desse processo, examinam-se confluências estética e ideológica entre ambos, levando-se em conta a natureza de cada um deles como obra ficcional autônoma.
Sobre o processo de transposição de textos verbais para textos sincréticos: o fluxo textual entre literatura, cinema e televisão
Authors: Guzzi Cristiane Passafaro
Published: November 2016

A possibilidade de um estudo pormenorizado sobre o processo criativo de minisséries televisivas, baseadas na transposição de obras literárias, instigou-nos a querer compreender, de forma mais rigorosa, as relações existentes entre Literatura e Cinema, Literatura e Televisão. Nesse sentido, este artigo apresenta algumas considerações fundamentais e gerais para o entendimento sobre o processo de transposição e aproximação de textos verbais para textos sincréticos, a partir do modo como o diretor brasileiro Luiz Fernando Carvalho estabelece um constante fluxo textual entre diferentes linguagens e diferentes suportes.
Milton e Blake em Paraíso Reconquistado
Authors: Steil Juliana
Published: November 2016

MILTON, John. Paraíso Reconquistado. Tradução de Guilherme Gontijo Flores (coordenador), Adriano Scandolara, Bianca Davanzo, Rodrigo Tadeu Gonçalves e Vinicius Ferreira Barth. Ilustrações de William Blake. São Paulo: Editora de Cultura, 2014.
Viability of Whole Tissue Microbiopsy (WTM) for the Study and Management of Oral Leukoplakia
Authors: Antonio Carrera Torres  , Ángel Martínez-Sahuquillo Márquez  , Isabel Gallardo Castillo  , María José Cobos Fuentes  , José Ramón Armas Padrón
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Leukoplakia is the most frequent potentially malignant disorder. Management and diagnosis requires clinical and histopathogical monitorization. Conventional biopsy generates patient morbidity and is considered a complex procedure for general dentists, which can delay initial diagnosis. To solve these problems, we have proposed a novel procedure denominated Whole Tissue Microbiopsy (WTM). The aim of this study is to evaluate the samples obtained with the WTM procedure and to test their viability; to check if they are applicable in all anatomic locations and compare the results with those obtained with conventional biopsy. Methods: We studied 41 clinically compatible lesions with oral leukoplakia. A tissue sample was taken using the WTM technique, after which, a conventional biopsy was performed on the same location. Both samples were studied and compared in terms of viability and concordance. Results: 100% of the samples obtained using the WTM procedure were viable. 95% of the samples were useful to detect dysplasia, and in 85% of cases the basal membrane was retained. Coincidence with conventional biopsy as to detect cancer-dysplasia was 78% and showed a 53.8% sensitivity regarding the detection of dysplasia-Cancer. Discussion and Conclusion: The samples obtained by the WTM are viable for study. Conservation of all epithelial layers in the sample and the basement membrane in particular is not influenced by the anatomical area or by the clinical appearance of the lesion. The results that did not coincide with the conventional biopsy were due to the difference in size and not the quality of it.
The Incidence of Breast Cancer in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Abbas Rezaianzadeh  , Soheil Hassanipour Azgomi  , Ali Mohammad Mokhtari  , Ahmad Maghsoudi  , Milad Nazarzadeh  , Seyedeh Leila Dehghan  , Salar Rahimi Kazerooni
Published: November 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer among women globally. Its incidence greatly varies around the world the globe. There are several estimates of breast cancer incidence from different geographical areas in Iran. In addition, no systematic reviews are available pertaining to the incidence rate of breast cancer in Iran. Therefore, the present systematic review aimed to address this epidemiological gap.
Method: This systematic review was carried out based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) in January 2016. In doing so, the researchers searched Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Sciencedirect, and Google scholar for international papers and four Iranian databases (Scientific Information Database, MagIran, Iran Medex, and Iran Doc) for Persian articles.
Result: A total of 427 titles were retrieved in the initial search of the databases. Further refinement and screening of the retrieved studies produced a total of 18 researches. Based on the random effect model, the Age-Standardized Rate (ASR) of breast cancer was 26.4, 95% CI (20.1 to 31.7). However, the results of Cochran's test showed the heterogeneity of the studies (Q=1788.2, df=17, I2=99%, p<0.001).
Conclusion: The incidence of breast cancer was lower in Iran compared to other parts of the world. However, establishing cancer registries covering a broader perspective of the population and carrying out further studies are needed to map out the exact incidence rate and trend of breast cancer in Iran.
Anticorpos anti-Brucella abortus em bovinos abatidos em Sinop, Mato Grosso
Authors: De Oliveira Celestino Anderson Luiz , Coradini Petry André , Gomes de Castro Bruno
Published: November 2016

Este estudo objetivou realizar um levantamento da ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Brucella abortus embovinos abatidos em frigorífico localizado em Sinop, Mato Grosso. No período de março a maio de 2012,foram coletadas 1.061 amostras de sangue de 1.026 vacas (96,7%) e 35 touros (3,3%) com idade superiora 24 meses em um matadouro frigorífico com inspeção estadual no município de Sinop, estado do MatoGrosso. Cento e vinte e seis animais (11,88%) resultaram soropositivos para brucelose através do testedo antígeno acidificado tamponado. Os bovinos abatidos foram provenientes de 21 rebanhos distintos,sendo que 20 (95,24%) foram soropositivos. Nenhum dos animais apresentou qualquer sinal ou lesãosugestiva de brucelose nos exames “ante e post-mortem”.
Implementing generalized deep-copy in MPI
Authors: Whittle Joss , Borgo Rita , Jones Mark W.
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we introduce a framework for implementing deep copy on top of MPI. The process is initiated by passing just the root object of the dynamic data structure. Our framework takes care of all pointer traversal, communication, copying and reconstruction on receiving nodes. The benefit of our approach is that MPI users can deep copy complex dynamic data structures without the need to write bespoke communication or serialize/deserialize methods for each object. These methods can present a challenging implementation problem that can quickly become unwieldy to maintain when working with complex structured data. This paper demonstrates our generic implementation, which encapsulates both approaches. We analyze the approach with a variety of structures (trees, graphs (including complete graphs) and rings) and demonstrate that it performs comparably to hand written implementations, using a vastly simplified programming interface. We make the source code available completely as a convenient header file.
EDITORIAL
Authors: De Santana Gordilho Heron José
Published: November 2016

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BARRIGA DE ALUGUEL NO EXTERIOR E A AQUISIÇÃO DA NACIONALIDADE BRASILEIRA
Authors: DEL’OLMO FLORISBAL DE SOUZA
Published: November 2016

O presente trabalho versa sobre a aquisição da nacionalidade brasileira nata dos filhos de cidadãos brasileiros gerados por “barriga de aluguel” no exterior. Primeiramente, busca-se contextualizar tal prática no âmbito nacional, em vista dos dispositivos da legislação brasileira em vigor. Observa-se que a falta de instrumento normativo específico sobre o tema tem levado muitos brasileiros a recorrer a esse tipo de serviço no exterior. A seguir, analisa-se a experiência de países que permitem esse comércio transnacional. Por fim, argumenta-se que há possibilidade, na esfera do Direito Internacional Privado, de aquisição da nacionalidade brasileira nata.
Late Cenozoic tephrostratigraphy offshore the southern Central American Volcanic Arc: 1. Tephra ages and provenance
Authors: Schindlbeck J. C. , Kutterolf S. , Freundt A. , Alvarado G. E. , Wang K.‐L. , Straub S. M. , Hemming S. R. , Frische M. , Woodhead J. D.
Published: November 2016

We studied the tephra inventory of 18 deep‐sea drill sites from six DSDP/ODP legs (Legs 84, 138, 170, 202, 205, and 206) and two IODP legs (Legs 334 and 344) offshore the southern Central American Volcanic Arc (CAVA). Eight drill sites are located on the incoming Cocos plate and 10 drill sites on the continental slope of the Caribbean plate. In total, we examined ∼840 ash‐bearing horizons and identified ∼650 of these as primary ash beds of which 430 originated from the CAVA. Correlations of ash beds were established between marine cores and with terrestrial tephra deposits, using major and trace element glass compositions with respect to relative stratigraphic order. As a prerequisite for marine‐terrestrial correlations, we present a new geochemical data set for significant Neogene and Quaternary Costa Rican tephras. Moreover, new Ar/Ar ages for marine tephras have been determined and marine ash beds are also dated using the pelagic sedimentation rates. The resulting correlations and provenance analyses build a tephrochronostratigraphic framework for Costa Rica and Nicaragua that covers the last <15 Myr. We define 39 correlations of marine ash beds to specific tephra formations in Costa Rica and Nicaragua; from the 4.15 Ma Lower Sandillal Ignimbrite to the 3.5 ka Rincón de la Vieja Tephra from Costa Rica, as well as another 32 widely distributed tephra layers for which their specific region of origin along Costa Rica and Nicaragua can be constrained.
Physical interpretation of isothermal remanent magnetization end‐members: New insights into the environmental history of Lake Hovsgul, Mongolia
Authors: Fabian Karl , Shcherbakov Valeriy P. , Kosareva Lina , Nourgaliev Danis
Published: November 2016

Acquisition curves of isothermal remanent magnetization for 1057 samples of core KDP‐01 from Lake Hovsgul (Mongolia) are decomposed into three end‐members using non‐negative matrix factorization. The obtained mixing coefficients also decompose hysteresis loops, back‐field, and strong‐field thermomagnetic curves into their related end‐member components. This proves that the end‐members represent different mineralogical fractions of the Lake Hovsgul sedimentary environment. The method used for unmixing offers a new possibility to apply rock magnetism in paleoecological and paleoclimatic studies. For Lake Hovsgul, it indicates that a low‐coercivity component with a covarying paramagnetic phase represents a coarse‐grained magnetite fraction from terrigenous influx probably via fluvial transport. A second component with coercivities close to 50 mT is identified as a magnetite fraction related to magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria. The third component has coercivities near 85 mT and is identified as greigite of biotic or abiotic origin common in suboxic/anoxic sediments. Significant positive correlations between variations of intensity of all three mineralogical components along the core are found. A rapid drop in all end‐member concentrations by more than one order of magnitude at about 20 m depth testifies to a major change of the environmental or geological conditions of Lake Hovsgul. It possibly is related to the onset of MIS 10 marking the termination of arid climate conditions. Short intervals of high productivity are characterized by an abundance of magnetite magnetosomes and may highlight glacial‐interglacial transition intervals. For the rest of the core, greigite magnetization substantially exceeds that of magnetite, indicating a predominantly anoxic environment.
A 15 year record of frontal glacier ablation rates estimated from seismic data
Authors: Köhler Andreas , Nuth Christopher , Kohler Jack , Berthier Etienne , Weidle Christian , Schweitzer Johannes
Published: November 2016

We present a unique time series of continuous glacier frontal ablation rates with weekly resolution over 15 years estimated from seismic calving observations at Kronebreen, Svalbard. Using linear statistical models, we calibrate the seismic record with 7 years of satellite‐derived frontal ablation measurements. The two basic input parameters required for our models are the cumulative duration of individual seismic calving events and the incompleteness of the seismic record to correct for the effect of seismic background noise. Frontal ablation follows the seasonal glacier speedup, peaking 1–2 months after the melt season maximum. Short‐lived peaks are associated with melt and rain events. Cumulative frontal ablation of Kronebreen between 2001 and 2015 is about 4.0 km3 (3.7 Gt), with the greatest annual loss (0.45 km3) between 2013 and 2014 at the onset of the recent accelerated retreat of the glacier. Our approach provides a potential method for monitoring tidewater glaciers worldwide that have sufficiently close seismic instrumentation.
Enhanced dry deposition of nitrogen pollution near coastlines: A case study covering the Chesapeake Bay estuary and Atlantic Ocean coastline
Authors: Loughner Christopher P. , Tzortziou Maria , Shroder Shulamit , Pickering Kenneth E.
Published: November 2016

Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen pollution is one of the major sources of nitrogen to many terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, worldwide. This modeling study suggests that coastlines frequently experience disproportionally high dry deposition of reactive nitrogen. High concentrations of air pollution from coastal cities often accumulate over adjacent estuaries and coastal waters due to low dry deposition rates over the water and a shallow marine boundary layer trapping marine emissions. As high concentrations of pollutants over the water are transported inland, enhanced dry deposition occurs onshore along the coastlines. Large spatial gradients in air pollutants and deposition totals are simulated along the coastline with decreasing concentrations/deposition as the distance from the water increases. As pollutants are transported onshore, air pollution mixing ratios near the surface decrease due to removal by dry deposition, vertical dilution due to deeper mixing layer heights, and decrease in friction velocity as a function of distance inland from the coastline. Ammonium nitrate formation near agricultural ammonia sources, sodium nitrate formation near coastal areas with atmospheric sea‐salt loadings, and particulate growth via water uptake also contribute to large nitrate dry deposition totals at the coastline. Gradients in dry N deposition are evident over a monthly time scale and are enhanced during sea and bay breeze events. Current existing N‐deposition monitoring networks do not capture the large spatial gradients of ammonium, nitrate, and nitric acid concentrations near coastlines predicted by the model due to the coarse spatial density distribution of monitoring sites.
SAMPEX observations of the South Atlantic anomaly secular drift during solar cycles 22–24
Authors: Jones A. D. , Kanekal S. G. , Baker D. N. , Klecker B. , Looper M. D. , Mazur J. E. , Schiller Q.
Published: November 2016

It is observed that charged particle intensities are very high near the South Atlantic anomaly (SAA) and are a potential hazard to spacecraft passing through the region. In this study, we examine the secular drift of the SAA location at ∼400–600 km altitude over nearly two solar cycles, using particle count rates to trace the geomagnetic field lines in the region near the SAA. We use data from the Low‐Energy Ion Composition Analyzer sensor on board the SAMPEX (Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer) spacecraft to measure both the longitudinal and latitudinal drifts of the SAA. We find that the longitudinal drift rate is 0.20 ± 0.04° west per year and that the latitudinal drift rate is 0.11 ± 0.01° south per year. These measurements are compared with the IGRF12 (International Geomagnetic Reference Field) model calculations based on an analysis of magnetic field minima in the region of the SAA. Our results, which are in good agreement with model results and prior measurements when declining spacecraft altitude is taken into account, have important space weather implications.
Sediment replenishment: Influence of the geometrical configuration on the morphological evolution of channel‐bed
Authors: Battisacco E. , Franca M. J. , Schleiss A. J.
Published: November 2016

Dams trap sediment in the upstream reservoir, which may lead to river bed armoring, streambank erosion and failure, channel incision and reduction of the morphological diversity in the downstream river reaches. The replenishment of sediment is a mitigation measure for this problem to be applied in river reaches downstream of dams. Previously performed field experiments always used one single volume of sediment replenishment. To explore different alternatives, the replenished volume was here divided in four deposits with the motivation to influence also the morphological evolution downstream. Six different geometrical configurations together with three submergence conditions of sediment replenishment were tested for the first time in a laboratory experiment and are herein discussed. The results of the sediment replenishment mitigation technique are described in terms of occupied surface of the flume bed and the temporal evolution of erosion and transport of the introduced sediments. It is shown that, under our experimental conditions, complete submersion of the replenishment volume results in complete erosion of the placed sediment, with a high persistence of the added material along the channel length. The geometrical configuration of the replenishment volume plays a key role for the evolution of bed‐forms downstream. Parallel configurations lead to a wider spread of material across the channel. Alternated configurations are suitable to produce sediment clustering and high persistence of placed material in the channel. Observed periodic mounds, considered as the initiating condition for alternate bars, follow a wavelength related to the length of the replenishment when the replenishment volumes are alternating.
Analysis of vadose zone inhomogeneity toward distinguishing recharge rates: Solving the nonlinear interface problem with Newton method
Authors: Steward David R.
Published: November 2016

Recharge from surface to groundwater is an important component of the hydrological cycle, yet its rate is difficult to quantify. Percolation through two‐dimensional circular inhomogeneities in the vadose zone is studied where one soil type is embedded within a uniform background, and nonlinear interface conditions in the quasilinear formulation are solved using Newton's method with the Analytic Element Method. This numerical laboratory identifies detectable variations in pathline and pressure head distributions that manifest due to a shift in recharge rate through in a heterogeneous media. Pathlines either diverge about or converge through coarser and finer grained materials with inverse patterns forming across lower and upper elevations; however, pathline geometry is not significantly altered by recharge. Analysis of pressure head in lower regions near groundwater identifies a new phenomenon: its distribution is not significantly impacted by an inhomogeneity soil type, nor by its placement nor by recharge rate. Another revelation is that pressure head for coarser grained inhomogeneities in upper regions is completely controlled by geometry and conductivity contrasts; a shift in recharge generates a difference
that becomes an additive constant with the same value throughout this region. In contrast, shifts in recharge for finer grained inhomogeneities reveal patterns with abrupt variations across their interfaces. Consequently, measurements aimed at detecting shifts in recharge in a heterogeneous vadose zone by deciphering the corresponding patterns of change in pressure head should focus on finer grained inclusions well above a groundwater table.
Physical Activity and Correlates of Physical Activity Participation Over Three Years in Adults With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Iversen Maura D. , Frits Michelle , von Heideken Johan , Cui Jing , Weinblatt Michael , Shadick Nancy A.
Published: November 2016

Objective

To characterize physical activity participation (moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity [MVPA], ≥150 minutes of moderate physical activity or 75 minutes of vigorous physical activity per week), to examine associations between disease activity and MVPA, and to identify MVPA correlates in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over 3 years.

Methods

This study included 573 RA patients (94% white, 83% female, mean age 61 years, mean RA duration 19.5 years) with ≥1 annual registry visit and who completed the physical activity questionnaire. Baseline and annual measures included demographics/medical history, self‐efficacy for disease management, quality of life, patient/physician global assessment, physical function, and self‐reported physical activity. A logistic repeated‐measures model using the generalized estimating equation examined the relationship between disease activity and MVPA.

Results

Average disease activity (from the 3‐variable Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the C‐reactive protein level) was mean ± SD 3.1 ± 1.4, 36% were physically inactive, and 29% met MVPA recommendations. There was a negative borderline association with disease activity (odds ratio [OR] 0.89 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.79–1.00]). Correlates of meeting MVPA recommendations, adjusting for disease activity, were being white (OR 2.95 [95% CI 1.29–6.75]), older age (ages >69 years OR 0.58 [95% CI 0.36–0.92]), poor mental health (OR 0.63 [95% CI 0.41–0.95]), poor physical function (OR 0.59 [95% CI 0.34–1.01]), overweight/obese (body mass index [BMI] >25–30 OR 0.69 [95% CI 0.50–0.95], BMI >30–39.9 OR 0.60 [95% CI 0.41–0.88], and BMI ≤40 OR 0.24 [95% CI 0.08–0.74]), and patient global assessment (≥10–20 OR 0.57 [95% CI 0.39–0.83]).

Conclusion

A small proportion of patients met MVPA recommendations despite well‐controlled disease. Disease activity was negatively associated with physical activity over time. Physical activity correlates were linked to lifestyle, mental health, and patient perceptions of disease, suggesting physical activity interventions that address patient perspectives may facilitate RA management.
Effect of Crystallization Temperature on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Enamel Substrate RT330
Authors: Tao Junhui , Hu Shubing , Yan Fei , Kong Junhua
Published: November 2016

The experimental crystallization simulates the manufacturing process of the heat sink in a heat exchanger used in nuclear power stations. The effect of the temperature of crystallization on the microstructures and mechanical properties of enamel substrate RT330 was investigated using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and others. The experiment demonstrates that second‐phase particles generated at the bottom of dimples enhance the RT330 mechanical properties. Due to the interaction between the precipitation and the solid solution, the density of precipitations (TiN and TiC) reaches the maximum when crystallization treatment is at 850 °C.
Incomplete Timothy syndrome secondary to a mosaic mutation of the CACNA1C gene diagnosed using next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Baurand Amandine , Falcon‐Eicher Sylvie , Laurent Gabriel , Villain Elisabeth , Bonnet Caroline , Thauvin‐Robinet Christel , Jacquot Caroline , Eicher Jean‐Christophe , Gourraud Jean‐Baptiste , Schmitt Sébastien , Bézieau Stéphane , Giraud Mathilde , Dumont Solenne , Kuentz Paul , Probst Vincent , Burguet Antoine , Kyndt Florence , Faivre Laurence
Published: November 2016

Autosomal dominant genetic diseases can occur de novo and in the form of somatic mosaicism, which can give rise to a less severe phenotype, and make diagnosis more difficult given the sensitivity limits of the methods used. We report the case of female child with a history of surgery for syndactyly of the hands and feet, who was admitted at 6 years of age to a pediatric intensive care unit following cardiac arrest. The electrocardiogram (ECG) showed a long QT interval that on occasions reached 500 ms. Despite the absence of facial dysmorphism and the presence of normal psychomotor development, a diagnosis of Timothy syndrome was made given the association of syndactyly and the ECG features. Sanger sequencing of the CACNA1C gene, followed by sequencing of the genes KCNQ1, KCNH2, KCNE1, KCNE2, were negative. The subsequent analysis of a panel of genes responsible for hereditary cardiac rhythm disorders using Haloplex technology revealed a recurrent mosaic p.Gly406Arg missense mutation of the CACNA1C gene in 18% of the cells. This mosaicism can explain the negative Sanger analysis and the less complete phenotype in this patient. Given the other cases in the literature, mosaic mutations in Timothy syndrome appear more common than previously thought. This case demonstrates the importance of using next‐generation sequencing to identify mosaic mutations when the clinical picture supports a specific mutation that is not identified using conventional testing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High incidence of BSCL2 intragenic recombinational mutation in Peruvian type 2 Berardinelli–Seip syndrome
Authors: Purizaca‐Rosillo Nelson , Mori Takayasu , Benites‐Cóndor Yamali , Hisama Fuki M. , Martin George M. , Oshima Junko
Published: November 2016

Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) is a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the absence of functional adipose tissue. We identified two pedigrees with CGL in the community of the Mestizo tribe in the northern region of Peru. Five cases, ranging from 15 months to 7 years of age, presented with generalized lipodystrophy, muscular prominence, mild intellectual disability, and a striking aged appearance. Sequencing of the BSCL2 gene, known to be mutated in type 2 CGL (CGL2; Berardinelli–Seip syndrome), revealed a homozygous deletion of exon 3 in all five patients examined, suggesting the presence of a founder mutation. This intragenic deletion appeared to be mediated by recombination between Alu sequences in introns 2 and 3. CGL2 in this population is likely underdiagnosed and undertreated because of its geographical, socio‐economic, and cultural isolation.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel EED mutation in patient with Weaver syndrome
Authors: Cooney Erin , Bi Weimin , Schlesinger Alan E. , Vinson Sherry , Potocki Lorraine
Published: November 2016

Weaver syndrome is a rare condition characterized by overgrowth, macrocephaly, accelerated osseous maturation, variable intellectual disability, and characteristic facial features. Pathogenic variants in EZH2, a histone methyltransferase, have previously been identified as a cause of Weaver syndrome. However, the underlying molecular cause in many patients remains unknown. We report a patient with a clinical diagnosis of Weaver syndrome whose exome was initially non‐diagnostic. Reports in the medical literature of EED associated overgrowth prompted re‐analysis of the patient's original exome data. The patient was found to have a likely pathogenic variant in EED. These findings support that Weaver syndrome is a disorder with locus heterogeneity and can be due to pathogenic variants in either EZH2 or EED. This case highlights the utility of exome sequencing as a clinical diagnostic tool for novel gene discovery as well as the importance of re‐examination of exome data as new information about gene‐disease associations becomes available. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solid Separation from a Mixed Suspension through Electric‐Field‐Enhanced Crystallization
Authors: Li Wei W. , Radacsi Norbert , Kramer Herman J. M. , van der Heijden Antoine E. D. M. , ter Horst Joop H.
Published: November 2016

When applied to a pure component suspension in an apolar solvent, a strong inhomogeneous electric field induces particle movement, and the particles are collected at the surface of one of the two electrodes. This new phenomenon was used to separately isolate two organic crystalline compounds, phenazine and caffeine, from their suspension in 1,4‐dioxane. First, crystals of both compounds were collected at different electrodes under the influence of an electric field. Subsequent cooling crystallization enabled the immobilization and growth of the particles on the electrodes, which were separately collected after the experiment with purities greater than 91 %. This method can be further developed into a technique for crystal separation and recovery in complex multicomponent suspensions of industrial processes.
Polymeric seal degradation in nuclear power plants: Effect of gamma radiation on sealing properties
Authors: Porter Christopher P. , Edge Ruth , Ogden Mark D.
Published: November 2016

An effort has been made to bridge the gap between academic knowledge of polymeric seal degradation and industrial practices. A series of physical and mechanical properties that can be related to the sealing behavior of three commercial samples of nitrile rubber have been studied for their degradation when exposed to gamma radiation. For all samples the glass transition temperature (Tg) and retention factor (RF) were found to increase with total dose whilst percentage change in mass (ΔM%) was found to decrease. The ultimate uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) did not appear to change with radiation dose but the kinetics of the absorption process were found to decrease, suggesting the formation of crosslinks. The crosslinks formed appear to be dependent on the original material composition and comparison against degradation of material properties supports the theory behind butadiene, BDN, content being linked to a propensity for crosslink clustering. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44618.
Synthesis of click‐coupled graphene sheets with hyperbranched polyurethane: Effective exfoliation and enhancement of nanocomposite properties
Authors: Mahapatra Sibdas Singha , Yadav Santosh Kumar , Cho Jae Whan
Published: November 2016

Graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized with hyperbranched polyurethane (HBPU) via click coupling between azide‐functionalized HBPU and alkynyl‐decorated GO. HBPU‐functionalized GO composites of various compositions were prepared. The azide‐containing HBPU was characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The HBPU‐functionalized GO composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and FT‐IR spectroscopy. The functionalized GO showed excellent dispersion in the HBPU matrix, giving composites with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. The material properties were effectively regulated by click‐coupled exfoliation of GO with HBPU, enabling the production of high‐performance materials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44631.