bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obesity, Lung Cancer, and The Paradox of its Association: A Narrative Review
Authors: Suryoadji Kemal Akbar , Theola Jason , Yudianto Valentino Ryu
Published: September 2021

Background: The obesity rate in Indonesia always increases every year. RISKESDAS (Indonesian National Health Research Data) 2007, 2013 and 2018 showed that obesity rate is always increasing in Indonesia. Lung cancer is the most common cancer in Indonesia which causes death.

Objective: This review aims to explain various diseases which are associated with obesity, risk factors of lung cancer and the association between them.

Methods: Literature search was conducted in pubmed and textbooks regarding obesity and lung cancer risk factors. The literature search on association between obesity and lung cancer was done in pubmed with the keyword "(Lung Cancer [Title]) AND (Obesity [Title])".

Results: Based on the research conducted, it was found that obesity was associated with various diseases including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, cancer risk, mood disorders, heart disease, hypertension, liver disease, and reproductive disorders. Furthermore, there are various risk factors for lung cancer, including gender, genetics, tobacco use, and exposure to toxic agents. The association between obesity and lung cancer is a paradoxical phenomenon that occurs, in which obese patients have a lower risk of developing lung cancer based on the meta-analysis research (RR: 0.79; 95% CI 0.73-0.85).

Conclusion: Obesity can increase the risk of various diseases, and lung cancer which is one of the most common cancers in Indonesia also has various risk factors. However, current clinical research studies have shown that obesity actually reduces the risk of lung cancer. Thus we advise researchers around the world to further enhance experimental research either in clinical or laboratory about the body mechanisms that can explain this phenomenon. Regardless of this paradox association, we also suggest that the public should keep on controlling body weight because of the risk of various diseases associated with obesity.
Transformational or Transactional: Leadership Style Preferences During Covid-19 Outbreak
Authors: Rathi Nelum , Soomro Kamran Ahmed , Rehman Fraz Ur
Published: September 2021

The role of leadership is crucial to measure and enhance employees' performance, and job satisfaction. Employee performance is directly proportional to the supervisor's behavior and their affiliations with the employees but the type of leadership style needs to be specifically evaluated aligning with the nature of employees. The purpose of applying leadership style is to extract realistic behavior of employees and their expected behavior concerning supervisors’ behavior. Meanwhile, COVID-19 has left an immense psychological impact on employees which directly affects their attitudes, behavior and makes them more apprehensive towards tasks that cause more job efforts and build additional trust. The concept of conducting this research is based upon the sampling approach restricted to the private sector. The sample size for the study consisted of 243 responses collected through a convenient sampling technique. To analyze the data regression was applied using the SEM-PLS method. The empirical findings underscored that transactional leadership style enhances employees’ motivation and it has more influence on employee performance as compared to transformational leadership because transactional leaders motivate followers to perform at higher levels, to exert greater effort, and to show more work commitment.
Influence of Personality Traits on Cyberloafing in the Service Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Abro Sanaullah , Phulpoto Nazar Hussain , Memon Saifullah , Brohi Manzoor Ali
Published: September 2021

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the Big Five Personality Model and Cyberloafing. Results have demonstrated that the elements of the five-factor personality model are positively related to cyberloafing, and some factors are inversely related to cyberloafing. The five major elements of the five-factor personality model are Agreeableness, Openness to Experience, Neuroticism, Consciousness and Extraversion. Two of the five factors, i.e., Agreeableness and Consciousness, are inversely related to cyberloafing whereas Extraversion, Openness to Experience, and Neuroticism are linked positively. Furthermore, results suggest that Agreeableness and consciousness do not have a significant impact on cyberloafing. An individual with these traits is found to be more of a workaholic, because of their belief in commitment and work. This study findings have some valid implications for organizational managers to gain insight into employees’ personalities and their cyberloafing behaviour.
New scale insect country records for Kenya (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) from old samples in insect collections
Authors:   Department of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, G. W. Watson , D. Ouvrard ,   Anses, Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Kasina Muo ,   Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Research Organisation, J. C. Achieng ,   National Museums of Kenya, M. M. Githae ,   School of Biological Sciences, College of Biological and Physical Sciences, J. Mulwa ,   Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Research Organisation, W. Kinuthia ,   National Museums of Kenya, Macharia Isaac ,   Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service(KEPHIS), Heya Hellen ,   Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service(KEPHIS), A. Polaszek ,   Department of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum
Published: September 2021

Scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) are some of the least understood insects, particularly in agriculture, even though they can cause high crop losses. Due to their small size and cryptic habits they are rarely noticed at the onset of an infestation. In Kenya, efforts have been initiated to understand these pests better. Scale insects from Kenya, found in samples between 13 and 107 years old, were studied in the insect collections of the Natural History Museum, London, U.K. and the Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Research Organisation, Nairobi, Kenya. The study identified 51 new country records of scale insects including one new continental record for Africa, Ferrisia dasylirii (Cockerell) (Pseudococcidae). Of the new records, 35 species (68.6%) are native to Africa and 16 (31.4%) have been introduced from elsewhere. Six of the 51 species (11.8%) are pests in Kenya today. Amongst the introduced species, at least one (Aonidiella comperei McKenzie) could cause plant quarantine issues in trade, and four (25.0%) are pests, more than four times the frequency of pests amongst the African species (5.7%). The remaining 45 species have been present in Kenya for at least 13 years and many have not been collected again since the original samples, suggesting that either they have not survived or they are rare because they are under good natural control. Most of the introduced species listed (75.0%) have not caused economic problems in Kenya to date, so it is thought unlikely that they will do so in the future. Key words: Scale insects, introduced species, native species
Abundance and Diversity of Frugivorous Fruit Flies in Kandara, Murang’a County, Kenya
Authors:   School of Agriculture and Enterprise Development, Kenyatta University, Muriuki Caroline ,   National Sericulture Research Centre, Industrial Crops Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Guantai Mary ,   Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service(KEPHIS), Samita Namikoye ,   School of Agriculture and Enterprise Development, Kenyatta University, Mulwa Joseph ,   National Agricultural Research Labs, Food Crops Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nyamai Matolo ,   National Agricultural Research Labs, Food Crops Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kasina Muo ,   National Sericulture Research Centre, Industrial Crops Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization
Published: September 2021

Fruits and vegetables are important source of livelihood to farmers and major horticulture sub sector with high contribution to agricultural GDP in Kenya. This study was conducted to determine diversity and abundance of frugivorous fruit flies in Kandara sub county, Murang’a County in 2018, at a place where first area of low pest population was created in Kenya for Bactrocera dorsalis. Three sets of pheromone traps (Methyl-Eugenol, Cuelure and Trimedlure) were set in six trap stations within farmers’ orchards in four agro-ecological zones (LH1 (Lower Highland Zone), UM1 (Upper Mid-land Zone), UM2, and UM3). The trap catch data was collected fortnightly and data analyzed. Six fruit flies species namely; Bactrocera dorsalis, Ceratitis cosyra, Ceratitis capitata, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, Dacus bivittatus and Perilampsis sp were identified. Bactrocera dorsalis population was significantly (P<.001) different across the four agro-ecologies with lowest densities at LH1 and highest at UM3. Likewise, C. capitata recorded significant (P=0.042) difference densities across the agro-ecological zones, but no significant (P=0.386) difference was recorded for C. cosyra across the agro-ecological zones. Further, there was significant (P=0.012) difference in the number of Perilampsis sp across the agro-ecologies with the highest number recorded in UM1. Both Z. cucurbitae (P=0.061) and D. bivittatus (P=0.056) had low abundance across the agro-ecologies. The peak infestation period differed across the various fruit fly species, whereby B. dorsalis peaked in May, C. capitata in February and C. cosyra in January. The study shows that abundance for the fruit flies is probably related to their preferred hostplant and the weather patterns. We recommend continuous monitoring and intensifying trapping activities during peak periods in order to control the pest and protect fruits from damage. Farmers should be trained on the use of pheromone traps to reduce over-reliance on pesticides. Key words: Agro-ecologies, Bactrocera dorsalis, Ceratitis sp, fruit fly density, Pheromone
Maize Head Smut: Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, and Management Options
Authors:   Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service (KEPHIS), Chemeltorit Philip , L. M. Suresh ,   International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
Published: September 2021

Maize (Zea mays) head smut caused by Sphacelotheca reiliana, a basidiomycete with worldwide distribution, can cause devastating crop losses that pose a food security threat. While Kenya has experienced high incidences of the disease in the recent years, the seed certification regulation has a zero tolerance on S. reiliana. The spores of S. reiliana remain viable in soil for many years and serve as the main inoculum source as they germinate when the conditions are favourable and infect the host in the early stages of growth after germination. After penetration, the fungus grows systemically as the plant matures eventually transforming part or all of the inflorescence (ears and tassels) tissues into smut galls. The symptoms develop because the inflorescences have increased levels of reactive oxygen species, auxin, and misregulation of floral regulatory transcription factors. The most practical control strategy for maize head smut encompasses the use of resistant/tolerant cultivars, fungicide treatment (of seed or drenching of rows immediately after seeding), and field hygiene/ sanitation. Crop rotation may help when host crops are not planted for between 2-3 years or even more. Resistance genes, including ZmWAK, found in the major quantitative trait locus qHSR1/qHS2.09 regulate resistance of maize to head smut. The objective of this review paper is to provide an understanding of the head smut disease pathogenesis, epidemiology, and effective management options. Key words: Sphacelotheca reiliana, basidiomycete, seed certification, smut galls, resistance gene
Preparedness and Mitigation Measures for Oil and Gas Pipeline Vandalization in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Emelu V. O. , Eludoyin O. S. , Oyegun C. U.
Published: September 2021

Owing to poor preparedness and mitigation measures for oil and gas pipeline vandalization in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria, there have been series of spills that have now reached life threatening levels. This study set out to investigate factors that affect preparedness and mitigation measures for crude oil pipeline vandalism in the study area. The thrust of the study was to unravel the spatial variation in the preparedness and mitigation measures for crude oil pipeline in the region. The study used the survey research method and primary data was sort using questionnaire. The target population were heads of household and workers of multinational companies working in the area. Analysis of variance was used for hypotheses testing at the 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that the companies’ preparedness options were, use of hazard, risk and vulnerability assessment (76%). Both the community (42%) and companies (76%) respondents averred that the preparedness measure adopted in the area were less effective for combating the menace of pipeline vandalism. The mitigation practices against pipeline vandalization adopted included awareness creation, promoting community participation, community policing, community-based pipeline surveillance, community by laws, right of way, punishment for offenders, and excommunication. Majority of the respondent whether community respondents (48%) or companies respondents (84%) suggested that, the adopted mitigation measures were not effective. The ANOVA model was significant at p<0.05 (F, 14 sig 0.000) meaning that there is statistical significant variation in the level of preparedness for oil and gas pipeline vandalization in the study area. Similarly, the ANOVA model that measured the spatial variation in mitigation measures showed that the model is significant at p<0.05(F, 16.83, sig 0.000), meaning there is statistical significant spatial variation in the level of disaster mitigation for oil and gas pipeline vandalization in the study area. The study recommends improvement in surveillance technology, creation of awareness of the dangers of pipeline vandalism to the locals, amongst others.
Financial Credit in Agricultural Development in Côte D'ivoire
Authors: Celestin N'GORAN Koffi
Published: September 2021

Agriculture has long been Côte d’Ivoire’s main source of export income and the first largest sector providing employment. For several decades, Ivorian agriculture remained unmodernized. The modernization of agriculture requires both public and private funding. Despite some efforts, financing of agriculture is not effective in Côte d'Ivoire due to the lack of real commitment from the private sector and commercial banks. The results showed that in the long-term agricultural credit and other variables have a positive and significant influence on agricultural added value. It is therefore recommended to increase agricultural credit and extend it to small producers.
Study of the life cycles of parasitoids, the manipulation of the behavior of spiders, the parasitoids of bees and intraspecific competition: Collections
Authors: Carlos Henrique Marchiori
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study is to describe the life cycles of parasitoids, manipulation of spider behavior, bee parasitoids and Intraspecific competition. The mini review consists of a bibliographic summary of parasitoids of the Order Hymenoptera Parasitical. The research was carried out in studies related to the theme with an emphasis on the quantitative and Conceptual aspects of the Superfamily, Family, Subfamilies, Genera, and Species (Taxonomic groups). A literature search was carried out containing articles published from 2005 to May 2021. The mini review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás, from July to August 2021, using the Electronic Scientific Library Online (Scielo) and internet.
“Iustitia Christi”
Authors: Martínez Bouzas Francisco
Published: September 2021

Se analiza en esta parte conclusiva del estudio sobre las dimensiones personalistas y existencialista de la justificación en la Sexta Sesión del Concilio de Trento, el estadio final de la misma en la que se aprueba el Decreto definitivo. El interés del análisis se centra en algunos aspectos concretos como el papel de la fe en el proceso justificante. Por ultimo, se extraen las conclusiones finales de todo el proceso del estudio de la elaboración del Decreto tridentino.
Ecclesiam suam (1964-2014)
Authors: Díez Barroso Santiago
Published: September 2021

Pablo VI, el papa clarividente, sencillo, profético, dialogante, ecuménico y espiritual, que supo acompañar magistralmente a la Iglesia en el nuevo Pentecostés del Vaticano II, dejó plasmado su talante en ‘Ecclesiam suam’, escrito programático, que había de marcar todo su pontificado, al propio Concilio y el quehacer de varias generaciones de cristianos, también la nuestra. Vivió la cruz siempre a la sombra de su luz. De ello hablamos aquí.
“A Meet and Happy Conversation”: Milton and Divorce in Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre
Authors: Parslow Tessa C.
Published: September 2021

Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre has long been recognized as a feminist revision of Paradise Lost as told from Eve's perspective. Written at a time of significant legal reform concerning marriage and divorce in nineteenth-century England, Jane Eyre offers a much more engaged rereading of Milton than scholars have observed. Centering on the novel's three proposal scenes, this article understands Brontë to draw upon Milton's The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce and extend its definition of marriage as “conversation” to include the experience of the wife.
“Domestick Adam” versus “Adventrous Eve”: Arguments about Gardening in Milton's Eden
Authors: Paice Rosamund
Published: September 2021

This article emphasizes the importance of Adam and Eve's dispute over gardening in accounting for their progression towards the Fall. Reading Adam and Eve's conversation in book 9 of Paradise Lost in the light of husbandry manuals and the companionship ideals embraced by Milton, it argues that both stray from their culturally and textually sanctioned roles. Eve's rejection of her husband's society in favor of her plants runs counter to the desired movement up “the scale of Nature” (PL 5.509), as outlined by the archangel Raphael. Adam, too, chooses wrongly on the morning of the Fall, seeking pleasure and ease in the bower during the hours assigned for garden labor. As faults, Adam and Eve's misalignments in nature and companionship are temporary and can be put right, but their accumulation makes them susceptible to Satan's temptation.
Impacto del COVID-19, en el sector turístico de alojamiento en la ciudad de El Coca – Orellana, Ecuador
Authors:   Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Sede Orellana, El Coca EC220001, Ecuador, Toledo Villacís Marco , Cruz Troya Bladimir
Published: September 2021

El Turismo es uno de los sectores más afectados social y económicamente por la pandemia del COVID-19. Ecuador es un país donde la actividad turística ocupa el segundo lugar en ingresos no petroleros en la economía, la provincia de Orellana por ser una zona petrolera y una de las zonas más ricas en biodiversidad del planeta especialmente por el Parque Nacional Yasuní, recibe cada año miles de turistas nacionales y extranjeros, sin embargo poco se ha investigado sobre la afectación en el sector de alojamiento, razón por la cual se realizó un trabajo investigativo a nivel local de carácter cuantitativo y cualitativo que permitió establecer la información deseada. Los resultados encontrados determinan que existen afectaciones graves a los establecimientos de alojamiento y por ende al resto de la cadena productiva que está directamente relacionada y vinculada al turismo. Como aporte investigativo luego de haber obtenido los resultados e indicadores de afectación se establecen estrategias para que las instituciones y organismos pertinentes puedan considerar y ejecutar pensando en la reactivación paulatina del turismo. En este contexto es importante que en el corto tiempo la parte privada genere alianzas estratégicas de trabajo conjunto apoyadas en políticas públicas efectivas por parte del gobierno.
Análisis teórico-numérico de pozos petroleros para obtención de coeficientes de pérdidas en boquillas
Authors:   Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba, EC060150, Ecuador, Márquez Sañay Fernando Ricardo , González Escobar David Mesías ,   Investigador Independiente, Riobamba, EC060150, Ecuador
Published: September 2021

: En la actualidad uno de los sectores transcendentales que aportan a la economía del Estado ecuatoriano es la industria petrolera, cuya premisa fundamental es la extracción de hidrocarburos desde subsuelo hasta superficie. Dentro de la gran variedad de métodos de extracción de petróleo se analiza el procedimiento denominado “bombeo hidráulico a chorro”. Este sistema está compuesto por varios elementos mecánicos, destacándose el elemento “boquilla” que es motivo de estudio en la presente investigación. La selección adecuada de este elemento determinará que el sistema de extracción sea óptimo en la utilización de recursos y rentabilidad económica. Para el estudio se utiliza fórmulas físicas-matemáticas relacionadas al funcionamiento de estos equipos y datos específicos medidos en cada pozo petrolero. Si bien es cierto, existen algunos valores numéricos de coeficientes de pérdidas en boquillas realizados en estudios anteriores, sin embargo, estos se utilizan de manera muy general para todos los casos sin considerar que existen algunos tipos y tamaños de acuerdo a cada fabricante. Se pretende caracterizar los valores numéricos de coeficientes de pérdidas en boquillas en relación a sus diferentes dimensiones realizando un análisis estadístico matemático y posterior validación con cálculo de errores.
Relationship between cortisol, Interleukin-6 and homocysteine in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Yeram Neelam , Dalvi Shubhangi , Mankeshwar Ranjit , Patil Vinayak , Kale Vinayak , Jagiasi Kamlesh , Abichandani Leela
Published: September 2021

Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by progressive cognitive decline due to neurodegeneration. Over activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, oxidative stress and inflammation potentially damage the neuronal system, affecting cognition.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the relationship between serum cortisol, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and homocysteine (Hcy) levels in AD.

Methods: Case-Control observational study consisting of 71 patients with AD and 70 healthy controls above 60 years of age. Serum samples were analysed for cortisol, IL-6 and Hcy levels using chemiluminescence immunoassay (Immulite 1000) technique. Cognitive functions were measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Score. AD subjects were categorised based on the modified Kuppuswamy socioeconomic status scale. Statistical evaluation was conducted using SPSS Statistics software. Group data were analysed using a two-tailed Student's t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Mann–Whitney U test and Pearson's correlation test.

Results: Serum cortisol, IL-6 and Hcy levels were significantly increased (p < 0.01) in AD (cortisol: 19.69 ± 8.96 ug/dl; IL-6: 10.27 ± 2.76 pg/ml; Hcy: 23.29 ± 3.81 μmol/l), as compared with the controls (cortisol: 13.37 ± 5.59 ug/dl; IL-6: 3.37 ± 0.79 pg/ml; Hcy: 8.25 ± 2.36 μmol/l). MMSE scores in AD were negatively correlated with cortisol, IL-6 and Hcy levels.

Conclusions: Serum cortisol, IL-6 and Hcy levels are independent biomarkers for AD progression. Hypercortisolaemia, hyperhomocysteinemia and inflammation play important roles in AD-related cognitive dysfunction and are interlinked.
Uncommon presentation of craniospinal tuberculosis
Authors: Abdulrabu Mohammed , Ebrahim Ebrahim , Alwarqi Akram Fadhl , Sotouhy Ahmed Hassan El , Anjum Shahzad
Published: September 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection with multisystem presentations. Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is considered the most lethal form among all types. In addition to possible fatality, CNS TB has serious neurological sequelae. These morbidity issues along with diagnostic challenges doubles the clinical burden. In recent years, there have been improvements in diagnostic sensitivity and specificity due to advances in technology. Herein, we report an atypical case of a patient with TB who presented to our department and discuss the flow of the diagnostic workup.
A epistemologia estruturalista das representações sociais: um ensaio teórico
Authors: Leite Giovana Fernandes
Published: September 2021

O presente ensaio teórico buscou compreender as principais contribuições da epistemologia estruturalista das representações sociais na atualidade. Para atingir tal compreensão, versou sobre a epistemologia, representações sociais e estruturalismo e a relação entre esses conceitos. Para tanto, foram utilizadas obras (livros e artigos) que contemplassem em definição ou discussão acerca das teorias epistemológicas do estruturalismo, sendo as principais obras para análise na discussão teórica, o livro clássico da Psicologia de Dorin (1981) e o clássico contemporâneo de Schultz e Schultz (2018) História da Psicologia Moderna. Foi possível identificar através da análise da leitura dos materiais obtidos, que as Representações Sociais enquanto abordagem estruturalista, agregou positivamente um novo olhar para o estruturalismo na Psicologia, e que uma epistemologia estruturalista bem fundamentada pode ser de grande valia para compreender com mais profundidade a estrutura dos pensamentos e fenômenos sociais.
Проблеми та перспективи зміцнення стійкості фінансової системи України
Authors:   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень, Шемаєва Л. Г. , Жаліло Я. А. ,   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень, Юрків Н. Я. ,   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень
Published: September 2021

Сучасний глобалізований світ характеризується посиленням турбулентності на фінансових ринках, що формує особливі виклики для забезпечення стійкості національних економік. Мегатренд фінансіалізації, яка характеризується нарощуванням частки фінансових транзакцій та домінуванням фінансового сектору економіки над реальним, відображає кардинальні зрушення у структурі сучасної світової економіки. Флуктуації фінансових ринків суттєво впливають на темпи глобального зростання, а глобальні фінансові потоки детермінують структурні зрушення в національних економіках. Наразі Україна зіткнулася із загостренням зовнішніх ризиків, пов’язаних із різким зростанням волатильності глобальної економіки, яке спостерігалося у першому півріччі 2020 року в умовах поширення пандемії COVID-19, що, на думку багатьох експертів, робить високоймовірним розростання повномасштабної глобальної економічної кризи. Реагування на виклики пандемії зумовило низку радикальних заходів національного рівня, які спричинюють шоковий вплив на національну економіку. Триває й гібридна агресія проти України, яка формує власні виклики щодо фінансової системи. Ці потужні ризики актуалізують розроблення комплексу заходів, орієнтованих на запобігання надмірній фінансовій дестабілізації національної економіки у разі глобальної кризи, послаблення потужності впливу зовнішніх чинників у спосіб зміцнення внутрішніх чинників економічної динаміки. Особливого значення набуває завдання визначення чинників стійкості фінансової системи та обґрунтування рекомендацій стосовно того, як протидіяти зростаючим ризикам. Метою аналітичної доповіді є дослідження проблем забезпечення стійкості фінансової системи України та, на цій основі, визначення напрямів її забезпечення з урахуванням глобальних викликів та внутрішніх дисбалансів.
Транскордонне співробітництво як інструмент місцевого та регіонального розвитку
Authors:   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень, Химинець В. В. , Головка А. А. ,   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень, Мірус О. І. ,   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень
Published: September 2021

Децентралізація та субсидіарність як засадничі принципи реформи місцевого самоврядування й територіальної організації влади створюють на локальному рівні, зокрема, умови для активізації транскордонного співробітництва (далі – ТКС) як одного з інструментів розвитку громад і регіонів України. В останнє десятиліття активно формується мережа горизонтальних економічних, культурних, освітніх та наукових взаємозв’язків між прикордонними регіонами України та країнами ЄС, яка забезпечує взаємодію органів влади та місцевого самоврядування, бізнесу, університетів, наукових установ, організацій громадянського суспільства. Серед сприятливих чинників розвитку такої взаємодії варто виділити географічну близькість (близькість до кордонів країн ЄС – Польщі, Словаччини, Угорщини, Румунії), цільову довгострокову політику ЄС щодо макрорегіонів (макрорегіональна стратегія ЄС для Дунайського регіону, та перспективи створення Карпатського макрорегіону); організаційні можливості (досвід проєктного менеджменту та реалізації ініціатив у сфері ТКС, потенціал агенцій регіонального розвитку; історичні та соціокультурні зв’язки, передусім західноукраїнських територій із європейськими країнами; науково експертний потенціал; зовнішньополітичний вектор України (прагнення до інтеграції в євроатлантичний цивілізаційний простір).
Реальний сектор економіки України в умовах системних викликів
Authors:   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень, Собкевич О. В. , Шевченко А. В. ,   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень, Русан В. М. ,   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень
Published: September 2021

У реальному секторі створюється понад третини валової доданої вартості економіки, тому від його функціонування залежить стійкий соціально-економічний розвиток України. У 2020 р. у реальному секторі української економіки набули розвитку кризові тенденції, спричинені впливом пандемії COVID-19. За підсумками 2020 р. падіння виробництва у промисловості становило 5,2 %, сільському господарстві – 11,5 %, обсяги вантажних перевезень скоротились на 10,6 % (без урахування трубопровідного транспорту), пасажирських – на 39,7 %. Темпи відновлення зростання залежатимуть від результативності державної політики у напрямі як протидії наявним ризикам, так і подолання ґрунтовних системних проблем. Структурна диспропорційність промисловості спричиняє її неспроможність адекватно реагувати на потреби ринку у нових умовах, забезпечувати попит на продукцію як споживчого, так і інвестиційного призначення, унеможливлює досягнення необхідних для відновлення економіки темпів економічного зростання.
Дистанційне електронне голосування як механізм реалізації виборчих прав громадян України, що перебувають за кордоном (у контексті застосування європейських стандартів електронного голосування)
Authors:   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень, Токар-Остапенко О.В.
Published: September 2021

В аналітичній доповіді акцентовано, що Україна має хороший потенціал для впровадження електронного врядування, у т.ч. дистанційного електронного голосування. Окреслено окремі проблемні моменти реалізації виборчих прав громадянами, що постійно або тимчасово перебувають за межами України. Розглянуто перспективи, ризики та застереження щодо пілотування інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій голосування у найближчій перспективі. Наголошено, що такий пілотний проект можливий з прийнятними ризиками для голосування громадян України, які перебувають за кордоном, позаяк відсоток голосів, поданих на закордонному виборчому окрузі, істотно не впливає на результати загальнонаціональних виборів. Надано відповідні рекомендації.
PEMANFANTAN CAIRAN INFUS SEBAGAI PENGGANTI REAGEN ALTERNATIF HAYEM DALAM PEMERIKSAAN HITUNG JUMLAH ERITROSIT
Authors: Nabil Ahmad Jazuly , Widya Ariska , Nunki Nastasya , Nugraha Gilang
Published: September 2021

Anemiasufferers in Indonesia are increasing. Anemia diagnosisconfirmed by examining red blood cell (RBC) which requires Hayem as reagent. Problemof running out reagents still widely found that distrupts health services.0.9% infusion fluid is physiological solution and readily available. Therefore, this study aims to ultilize 0.9% intravenous fluids as alternative to Hayem in RBC examination by analyzing differences in results of alternative reagents to Hayem reagent. This type of research is experimental, using normality test, t-test, and linear regression.Carried out in the hematology laboratory of Nahdlatul Ulama University Surabaya in February 2020.Use 25 samples from students and health faculty staff with average infusion fluid ie 4,54 x 106 /µL (SD 0,59 x 106 /µL) while Hayem reagent ie 4,63 x 106 /µL (SD 0,52 x 106 /µL)and there is no difference two results (P = 0.197). fluid normality test was obtained Sig.= 0,716, while Hayem reagent Sig.= 0,923. Paired sample t-test obtained Sig.= 0,197. Resultsof linear regression test showed correlation coefficient of 0.823 and coefficient determination of 67.8% (P = 0.000) with equation Y = 0.725X + 1.339. It was concluded that 0.9% infusion fluid could be used as alternative reagent for Hayem in RBC examination.
PENGARUH HEMOLISIS DALAM SERUM TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ENZIM ASPARTAT AMINOTRANSFERASE DENGAN METODE KINETIK-IFCC
Authors: Dila Wanti Hilda , Fadhilah Fitri , Taufiqurrohman Opik
Published: September 2021

Enzim aspartat aminotransferase (AST) merupakan enzim mitokondria yang berfungsi mengkatalisis pemindahan bolak-balik gugus amino dari asam aspartat ke asam ?-oksaloasetat membentuk asam glutamat dan oksaloasetat. AST terdapat di dalam eritrosit sehingga apabila terjadi hemolisis eritrosit pecah akan menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan aktivitas enzim AST yang keluar dari eritrosit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh hemolisis dalam serum terhadap pemeriksaan aktivitas enzim AST. Metode penelitian ini bersifat eksperimen dengan membandingkan serum normal dengan serum hemolisis. Sampel penelitian melibatkan 16 mahasiswai yang akan dilakukan pemeriksaan aktivitas enzim AST. Hasil penelitian didapatkan aktivitas enzim AST pada serum normal memeiliki rata-rata 24,63 IU/L sedangkan pada serum hemolisis didapatkan rata-rata 39,38 IU/L hasil data menunjukan bahwa terjadi peningkatan aktivitas enzim AST pada serum hemolisis yang dibandingkan dengan serum normal. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji T, dan didapatkan nilai Sig. 0,001 dimana p<0,05 ini membuktikan bahwa aktivitas enzim AST pada serum normal dan serum hemolisis dinyatakan berbeda signifikan.
PENGUJIAN AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT DAN METANOL KAYU RANTING SENGON (Falcataria moluccana) SAKIT
Authors: Listiani Popy , Hasanah Popy , Rumidatul Alfi , Fadhila Feldha , Maryana Yayan
Published: September 2021

Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, dan Candida albicans merupakan mikroorganisme yang paling sering menginfeksi di Indonesia. Penyakit infeksi dapat disembuhkan serta diminimalkan penularannya menggunakan antibiotik. Upaya pencarian senyawa antimikroba dari alam diharapkan mampu mengurangi pengaruh negatif antibiotik. Tanaman yang diduga memiliki kandungan antimikroba salah satunya pohon sengon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan ekstrak kayu ranting sengon (Falcataria moluccana) yang terinfeksi jamur U. tepperianum dengan pelarut etil asetat dan metanol sebagai antimikroba. Metode pengujian yang digunakan Kirby bauer dengan perlakuan 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, dan 11%. Hasil penelitian ekstrak etil asetat kayu ranting sengon sakit menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antimikroba terhadap S. dysenteriae pada semua konsentrasi dan K. pneumoniae pada konsentrasi 11%, tidak ada aktivitas antimikroba terhadap E. coli. Ekstrak metanol kayu ranting sengon sakit menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antimikroba terhadap K. pneumoniae pada konsentrasi 10%, 10.5%, 11%, dan C. albicans pada semua konsentrasi, namun tidak menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba terhadap E. coli, S. typhi, dan S. dysenteriae. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etil asetat kayu ranting sengon sakit dapat menghambat pertumbuhan S. dysenteriae dan K. pneumoniae. Ekstrak metanol kayu ranting sengon sakit dapat menghambat pertumbuhan K. pneumoniae dan C. albicans.
ANALISA EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT AKAR KAIK-KAIK (Uncaira cordata (Lour.) Merr.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Amelia Reza , Riky  , Nur Ngazizah Febri
Published: September 2021

Masyarakat Kalimantan memanfatkan tumbuhan obat untuk pengobatan suatu penyakit salah satunya adalah akar kaik-kaik (Uncaira cordata (Lour.) Merr.) Tumbuhan ini memiliki alkaloid, fenolik, steroid, terpenoid dan flavonoid yang berperan sebagai antibakteri menggunakan Metode difusi agar cara Kirby Bauer/ kertas cakram yang digunakan untuk menentukan aktivitas antibakteri ditandai zona hambat terhadap S. aureus yang merupakan bakteri Gram positif berbentuk bulat. U. cordata diekstraksi bertingkat menggunakan pelarut n-heksana dilanjutkan etil asetat. Ekstrak yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah ekstrak etil asetat dengan perlakuan 5 variasi konsentrasi (100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 300 mg/L, 400 mg/L, 500 mg/L). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dan dianalisis menggunakan uji One Way ANOVA, hasil rata rata zona hambat ekstrak etil asetat U. cordata dalam konsentrasi 100 mg/L yaitu 12,7 mm dalam kategori lemah, konsentrasi 200 mg/L yaitu 14,2 mm dalam kategori lemah, konsentrasi 300 mg/L yaitu 15,3 mm dalam kategori lemah, konsentrasi 400 mg/L yaitu 16,3 mm dalam kategori sedang dan konsentrasi 500 mg/L yaitu 17,7 mm dalam kategori sedang.
Nepal “Ask me anything” Session: Responses to audience questions
Authors: Kaye Tom , Groeneveld Caspar , Moss Caitlin , Haßler Björn ,   Open Development & Education
Published: September 2021

On Thursday, 30 April 2020, the EdTech Hub participated in an “Ask me anything” session for policy-makers and funders in Nepal. The session focused on designing high-quality, effective, distance education programmes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants included high-level officials from the Nepalese government (e.g., the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, the Curriculum Development Office and the Education Review Office), representatives from development partners (e.g., the World Bank, UNICEF and USAID) and other education organisations (e.g., OLE Nepal). 

The session was convened for two purposes. First, to consider international good practice and current trends in distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic, presented by the World Bank EduTech team and the EdTech Hub. Second, for the EdTech Hub team to gather questions from participants, to be able to target guidance specifically to the situation in Nepal. 

This document provides answers to a consolidated list of 10 questions received from stakeholders during the session. To consolidate any overlap, we have occasionally combined multiple questions into one. In other cases, where multiple important issues required a focused response, we split apart questions.
Keyword inventory (version 1)
Authors: Haßler Björn ,   Open Development & Education, Adam Taskeen , Brugha Meaghan , Damani Kalifa , Allier-Gagneur Zoe , Hennessy Sara , Hollow David , Jordan Katy , Martin Kevin , Murphy Mary , Walker Hannah
Published: September 2021

The document contains the keyword inventory used for automated searching. This file is now superseeded by DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3908363, see https://docs.edtechhub.org/lib/55A44ZRB.
Deploying an e-Learning Environment in Zanzibar: Feasibility Assessment
Authors: Groeneveld Caspar , Kibga Elia , Kaye Tom
Published: September 2021

The Zanzibar Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MoEVT) and the World Bank (the Bank) approached the EdTech Hub (the Hub) in April 2020 to explore the feasibility of implementing a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). The Hub was requested to focus primarily on the deployment of a VLE in lower secondary education, and this report consequently focuses primarily on this group. The report is structured in four sections:

An introduction to provide the background and guiding principles for the engagement with a short overview of the methodology applied. 

An analysis of the Zanzibar education system with a particular focus on elements relevant to deploying a VLE. This includes the status of ICT infrastructure, and a summary of the stakeholders who will play a role in using or implementing a VLE. 

A third section that discusses types of VLEs and content organisation, and their applicability to the Zanzibar ecosystem. 

A conclusion with recommendations for Zanzibar, including short- and long-term steps.

In this collaboration with Zanzibar’s MoEVT, the Hub team sought to understand the purpose of the proposed VLE. Based on discussions and user scenarios, we identified two main education challenges a VLE may help to resolve. In the short term, students cannot go to school during the COVID-19 crisis, but need access to educational content. There is content, but no flexible and versatile platform to disseminate content to all students. In the long term, a mechanism to provide students with access to quality, curriculum-aligned content in school, or remotely, is required.
“Your Eyes Open and so do Your Ears”: Centering Knowledge of Families with Refugee Backgrounds during a Follow-up Interview
Authors: Reyes Cynthia C. , Haines Shana J. , Ghising Hemant , Alamatori Ashraf , Haji Madina , Hurwitz Rachel
Published: September 2021

In an exploratory case study of partnerships between educators and refugee families recently resettled in the U.S, we conducted follow-up interviews with each of the ten participating families during year one. In this paper, we report on themes from these interviews highlighted in three family case studies. We used methodological approaches that enabled us to reenvision and interrogate the power structure inherent in research relationships between ‘researcher’ and ‘researched.” The purposes of the additional interview were to conduct a member check on the data we had gathered, understand what had changed since our initial interview with the family, and gather families’ feedback about our comportment and methods. The two-part question was, How might decolonizing methods from a postcolonial lens serve as guideposts for disrupting research methods with families with refugee backgrounds?, and How did partnering with transnational student researchers inform ways of representing the family narratives? The follow-up narratives suggest a complex understanding of building knowledge within the limitations of a conventional research paradigm.
Analisis Pengendalian Persediaan Barang Pupuk Dengan Metode Economic Order Quality Pada Perusahaan Maju Mapan
Authors: Dini Fitriani
Published: September 2021

The Maju Mapan Company is a company engaged in trading, whose main activity is selling fertilizer types. In carrying out sales activities, it is closely related to merchandise inventory which is an important component that must be available for the smooth running of the sales process. This study aims to determine the quantity of economical fertilizer merchandise inventory using the Economic Order Quantity method. From the results of calculations that have been done by comparing the current trading goods inventory management policy in the company with the EOQ method in the procurement of merchandise, it can be concluded that by using the EOQ method, the quantity of EOQ orders is higher than the order according to the company, but if the company uses the method EOQ, the company will save an inventory cost of Rp. 48,546,480
Pengaruh Diferensiasi Dan Inovasi Produk Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Chid Chid Fried Chicken Di Purwakarta
Authors: H.Abd.Salam
Published: September 2021

The research method used is a quantitative method with descriptive and inferential analysis. The population in this study is the people in Purwakarta who use and are involved in the process of purchasing food products Chic Chic Fried Chicken, a sample of 30 respondents who were determined by purposive sampling technique. Test the validity of the instrument using Confirmatory Factor Analysis while the reliability test used Alpha Cronbach. The analysis technique used is partial correlation, t test, multiple correlation, F test and multiple regression.The results of the study found that: (1) Differentiation has a positive effect on purchasing decisions as seen from the r value of 0.741 (significant at 5% level): (2) Product innovation has a positive effect on purchasing decisions as seen from the calculated r value of 0.603 (significant at level 5%): (3) Differentiation, product innovation, jointly on purchasing decisions as seen from the calculated r value of 0.750.
The Fragility of Statistical Findings in Achilles Tendon Injury Research: A Systematic Review
Authors: Parisien Robert L. , Danford Nicholas C. , Jarin Ian J. , Li Xinning , Trofa David P. , Vosseller J. Turner
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

Probability analysis with the reporting of P values is often used to determine the statistical significance of study findings in the Achilles literature. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of applying a fragility analysis to comparative trials evaluating Achilles tendon injuries.

Methods:

We identified all dichotomous outcome data for comparative studies of Achilles tendon injuries published in 11 orthopaedic journals from 2000 to 2020. The fragility index (FI) was determined by the number of event reversals required to change a P value from less than 0.05 to greater than 0.05, or vice-versa. The associated fragility quotient was determined by dividing the FI by the sample size.

Results:

Of the 51,357 studies screened, 1,487 met the search criteria, with 51 comparative studies and 177 total outcome events included for analysis. The overall FI was only 4 with an associated fragility quotient of 0.048. One-half of the studies failed to report lost to follow-up data, with an additional 21.6% reporting loss to follow-up of greater than or equal to 4.

Conclusion:

Our fragility analysis suggests that Achilles tendon injury outcomes are not as statistically stable as previously thought and should be interpreted with caution.
The Geographic Movement Patterns and Career and Personal Interests of Orthopaedic Surgery Residents in the United States
Authors: Sherman Nathan C. , Sorenson Jacob C. , Khwaja Ansab M. , DeSilva Gregory L.
Published: September 2021

Background:

Orthopaedic surgery continues to be a highly desired residency specialty for graduating medical students in the United States. The geographic preferences and trajectories of orthopaedic surgery applicants are not well understood.

Objective:

The primary objective of this study was to determine the geographic movement patterns of orthopaedic residents from university through residency. A secondary objective was to trend the career and personal interests of orthopaedic residents.

Methods:

One hundred eighty-seven orthopaedic surgery programs and 3672 residents were identified through the Electronic Residency Application Service website and Google searches and included for study. Program provided information, including the residents' medical school, undergraduate institution, career interests, and personal interests was then gathered. All data were recorded between the dates of March 25, 2020, and April 2, 2020.

Results:

A minority of orthopaedic residents (46.2%; n = 1,569/3,398) were training in the same geographic region of their medical school; however, analysis revealed a statistically significant strength of association for home region over a different US census bureau region (χ2 = 127.4, df = 8, Cramer's V = 0.2, P < 0.001). The average distance between orthopaedic residents' medical school and residency program was 666 miles. Male residents were more interested in arthroplasty, spine, and sports, whereas female residents were more interested in hand and pediatrics. The residents leading interests were in arthroplasty (24.4%), sports (21.7%), and trauma (21.3%).

Conclusion:

Orthopaedic surgery residents are more likely to train in a geographical region that is different from their medical school or undergraduate institution. The reported career interests of male and female orthopaedic residents showed significant differences, but personal interests seem to be similar between genders.