bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIOSIMILARS IN RHEUMATOLOGY
Authors: Nasonov E. L.
Published: September 2019

One of the most striking achievements in the pharmacotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other human immunoinflammatory diseases (IIDs) late in the 20th century is associated with the design of a fundamentally new group of medications that received the name biological agents (BAs). However, the introduction of innovative BAs into clinical practice not only could enhance the efficiency of therapy and improve prognosis in patients with the most severe forms of IIDs, but has also led to a dramatic increase in the cost of treatment. Progress in the design of biosimilars is related to many factors, including expiry of the term of patents for many brand-name BAs, such as infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, and rituximab. Over the last 5 years, a large number of biosimilars have been designed and their design is being continued. The European Medicines Agency, the World Health Organization, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have developed a regulatory framework and general requirements for the manufacture and characteristics of biosimilars. Federal Law No. 429-FZ «On Amendments to the Federal Law "On Circulation of Medicines"» dated December 22, 2014 defines a biosimilar drug as a biological medicine product that is similar to the parameters of quality, efficiency, and safety with the reference biologic drug in the same formulation, and the same route of administration. The review presents an update on the requirements for biosimilars used to treat IIDs, their interchangeability and promises in further clinical application. Particular emphasis is laid on the chimeric monoclonal antibodies to tumor necrosis factor-α infliximab biosimilar Flammegis (Egis Pharmaceuticals, Hungary), that has been registered in Russia for the treatment of RA, ankylosing spondylitis and other IIDs, as well as the chimeric monoclonal antibodies to B-lymphocytes rituximab biosimilar Acellbia in a phase III clinical trial that is in the closing stage. Preliminary provisions and recommendations of the All-Russian public organization «Association of Rheumatologists of Russia» concerning the place of biosimilars in rheumatology are formulated.
THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF OSTEOPOROSIS AND OSTEOARTHRITIS (ESCEO) ALGORITHM FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS IS APPLICABLE TO RUSSIAN CLINICAL PRACTICE: A CONSENSUS STATEMENT OF LEADING RUSSIAN AND ESCEO OSTEOARTHRITIS EXPERTS
Authors: Denisov L. N. , Tsvetkova E. S. , Golubev G. Sh. , Bugrova O. V. , Dydykina I. S. , Dubikov A. I. , Menshikova L. V. , Peshekhonova L. K. , Rebrov A. P. , Torgashin A. N. , Trofimov E. A. , Yakupova S. P. , Zonova E. V. , Brewer O. , Cooper C. , Reginster J. , Knyazeva L. A.
Published: September 2019

The European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO) treatment algorithm for the management of knee osteoarthritis (OA), published in December 2014, provides practical guidance for the prioritization of interventions. This current paper represents an assessment and endorsement of the algorithm by Russian experts in OA for use in Russian clinical practice, with the aim of providing easy-to-follow advice on how to establish a treatment flow in patients with knee OA, in support of the clinicians’ individualized assessment of the patient. Medications recommended by the ESCEO algorithm are available in Russia. In step 1, background maintenance therapy with symptomatic slow-acting drugs for osteoarthritis (SYSADOA) is advised, for which high-quality evidence is provided only for the formulations of patented crystalline glucosamine sulphate (pCGS) (Rottapharm/Meda) and prescription chondroitin sulfate. Paracetamol may be added for rescue analgesia only, due to limited efficacy and increasing safety signals. Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may provide additional symptomatic treatment with the same degree of efficacy as oral NSAIDs but without the systemic safety concerns. To be effective, topical NSAIDs must have high bioavailability, and among NSAIDs molecules like etofenamate have high absorption and bioavailability alongside evidence for accumulation in synovial tissues. Oral NSAIDs maintain a central role in step 2 advanced management of persistent symptoms. However, oral NSAIDs are highly heterogeneous in terms of gastrointestinal and cardiovascular safety profile, and patient stratification with careful treatment selection is advocated to maximize the risk: benefit ratio. Intra-articular hyaluronic acid as a next step provides sustained clinical benefit with effects lasting up to 6 months after a short-course of weekly injections. As a last step before surgery, the slow titration of sustained-release tramadol, a weak opioid, affords sustained analgesia with improved tolerability.
AN OPEN-LABEL MULTICENTER OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF THE EFFICACY, TOLERABILITY, AND SAFETY OF THE NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG AMTOLMETIN GUACIL IN PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS AND DYSPEPSIA
Authors: Tsvetkova E. S. , Denisov L. N. , Otteva A. N. , Dubikov A. L. , Yakupova S. P. , Ivanova O. N. , Korshunov N. I. , Vaisberg A. R. , Abyshev R. A. , Tartynov A. V. , Nasonov E. L.
Published: September 2019

Objective: to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of amtolmetin guacil (AMG; Niselat®, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, India) versus previous therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and signs of dyspepsia.

Subjects and methods. The open-label observational study included 220 patients aged 30–65 years who suffered from knee OA and intense pain during NSAID intake and had symptoms of dyspepsia in the absence of contraindications to the use of AMG. Among the comorbidities that generally occurred in 68% of the patients, there was a preponderance of hypertension (42%), lower extremity varicose veins (6.4%), and diabetes mellitus (6%). Treatment efficacy was evaluated using three domains of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), by also taking into account pain intensity and general health assessment on the visual analogue scale. A Severity of Dyspepsia Assessment (SODA) scale was used to rate dyspepsia.

Results and discussion. AMG had a marked analgesic effect confirmed by 40% or more pain reduction that occurred in 72.5% of the patients. The high analgesic effect of AMG was confirmed by a statistically significant (p <0.001) reduction in the WOMAC index (pain and stiffness) and by an increase in functional activity. There was a significant decrease in painless and painful signs of dyspepsia, as well as positive changes in the measures “overall assessment of dyspepsia severity” (p < 0.001) and “satisfaction with treatment”. Overall assessment of AMG tolerability was only positive: excellent (33%), good (56%), and satisfactory (11%). There were no serious adverse events (AE). AE were graded as moderate and mild in 8 and 82% of cases, respectively. AE were recorded in 7.7% of the patients.

 

Conclusion. The findings suggest that AMG offers good prospects for knee OA treatment.
Anti- inflammatory effect of Prunus tomentosa Thunb total flavones in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Xi Chen , Yuanyuan Liu , Dongshuang Zhao , Ziwei Fan , Shuang Cao , Jianguang Chen , Chengyi Zhang
Published: September 2019

In this research, we investigated possible anti-inflammatory roles of Prunus tomentosa Thunb Total Flavones (PTTTF) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. PTTTF (4μg/ml and 40μg/ml) was applied to RAW264.7 cells induced with 1μg/ml LPS to test the impact of these flavones on neutrophil phagocytosis in vitro. Levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and two pro-inflammatory interleukin cytokines (i.e. IL-6 and IL-1β) in the supernatant fraction were tested via Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Expression of cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2 was detected via RT-PCR. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) content was determined with a spectrophotometric assay (Micromethod). The results revealed that PTTTF at doses higher than 4μg/ml reduces the content of IL-6, IL-1β and PGE2 (P < 0.05), and elevates the activity of SOD in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells significantly (P < 0.05). PTTTF at 40μg/ml showed no significant effect on the expression of COX-1(P>0.05) but resulted in a significant inhibition of COX-2 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells (P<0.05). In summary, PTTTF had a substantial potential anti-inflammatory effect through the alteration of the synthesis of some cytokines and other mediators of the process of inflammation. Novelty statement - Prunus tomentosa Thunb Total Flavones (PTTTF) have known roles in the treatment of diabetes, but here we show that they are also potential anti-inflammatory agents. Our results show that PTTTF exhibited anti-inflammatory effects through altering the synthesis of some cytokines and other mediators of the inflammatory process.
Antimalarial Activity of Andrographis Paniculata Ness‘s N-hexane Extract and Its Major Compounds
Authors: Prakoso Nurcahyo Iman , Zakiyah Zahrah Nur , Liyanita Arida , Rubiyanto Dwiarso , Fitriastuti Dhina , Ramadani Arba Pramundita , Kamari Azlan , Mow Sim Kooi
Published: September 2019

Andrographis paniculata Ness is one of the plants that is under explored and could contain potentially active substances to serve as an antimalarial. Structure investigation of major compounds that have responsibility for the antimalarial activity of Andrographis paniculata Ness’s n-hexane extract is very important so that it is known whether the antimalarial activity is synergistic or from the major compounds. Menthol and dioctyladipate as major component from n-hexane extract of Andrographis paniculata Ness have been succesfully isolated using simple and inexpensive methods. The solvent system used are n-hexane : ethyl acetate (10:1) and n-hexane: chloroform (10:3) consecutively either for column or preparative thin layer chromatography. FT-IR, 1H-NMR and GC-MS were used to determine the structure of compounds. The activity of n-hexane extract, menthol and dioctyladipate related to the inhibition of heme polymerization have been done comprehensively. The inhibition of heme polymerization activity of isolate compounds and n-hexane extract are classified to a good level (dioctyl adipate IC50 = 1.15 ± 0.41 mg/mL, menthol IC50 = 0.31 ± 0,01 mg/mL, and n-hexane extract IC50 = 0.07 ± 0.03 mg/mL) and potentially as antimalarial. From the IC50, the antimalarial activity of Andrographis paniculata Ness’s n-hexane extract is working synergistically, not by the major compounds.
Pregnancy outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) women
Authors: Kalok Aida , Abdul Cader Rizna , Indirayani Ima , Abdul Karim Abdul Kadir , Shah Shamsul Azhar , Mohamed Ismail Nor Azlin , Omar Mohd Hashim , Shafiee Mohamad Nasir
Published: September 2019

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory condition with multi-organ involvement predominantly affecting young women. There are very limited studies in pregnancy in Asian SLE patients and therefore we embarked on this study to identify pregnancy outcomes of Malaysian women with SLE.

Materials and methods

We performed a retrospective study of pregnancy outcomes in SLE patients in our institution from January 2007 to December 2014. A total of 71 pregnancies from 44 women were analysed.

Results

The mean age of our cohort was 30.5 ± 3.9 years. The rate of active disease at conception, antiphospholipid syndrome and lupus nephritis were 22.5%, 32.4% and 57.7% respectively. SLE flare occurred in 33 out of 71 pregnancies whereas 19 pregnancies were complicated with preeclampsia. The livebirth rate for our cohort was 78.9%, whilst preterm delivery was 42.9%. On univariate analysis, active disease and flare in pregnancy were both strongly associated with foetal loss and preterm delivery. Lupus nephritis (p = 0.011), SLE flare (p = 0.008) and antiphospholipid syndrome (p = 0.032) significantly increased the risk of preeclampsia. Aspirin and hydroxychloroquine were protective against foetal loss [odds ratio (OR) 0.12] and preeclampsia (OR 0.25), respectively. On multivariate analysis, active disease was a predictor of SLE flare (p = 0.002) and foetal loss (p = 0.018) and SLE flare was the main predictor of preterm delivery (p = 0.006).

Conclusions

Pregnancies in women with SLE should be planned and aspirin and HCQ use were beneficial in reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Hammam-i-Bukhari (Turkish bath): A promising regimenal mode of Unani treatment
Authors: Peerla Noushad , Ahmed N Zaheer
Published: September 2019

Hammam-i-Bukhari (Turkish bath) is one of the important regimens used for the prevention and cure of several bodily ailments in Unani system of medicine. This regimen is usually practiced in the Arab world. The classical Turkish bath is built in the form of cavernous structure with beautiful classy mosaics and fountains. This regimenal therapy advocates physical, psychological and cosmetic health by integral cleansing which has different corporal effects appearing in biological along with molecular level. This therapy reduces the viscosity of the khilt (humour), eliminates the khilt-i-radi (morbid matters) and also diverts the morbid matters to the surface of the body from deep seated organs. Unani physicians, sometimes advise to patients for massage and several other regimens with different medicated substances before hammam to enhance the physiological activity from where hammam eliminates by its unique actions which helps in establishing a state of humoural equilibrium thus promoting health. Due to its efficacy and necessity; this therapeutic module is gaining popularity and assuming greater prominence among patients who are referred by physicians. The present review will dwell at length various modalities of hammam with its beneficial effects so that wholesome wellness could be attained by practical indulgence.
Spiral spin structures and skyrmions
in multiferroics
Authors: Kurumaji Takashi
Published: September 2019

In this article, we focus on (1) type-II multiferroics driven by spiral spin orderings and (2) magnetoelectric couplings in multiferroic skyrmion-hosting materials. We present both phenomenological understanding and microscopic mechanisms for spiral spin state, which is one of the essential starting points for type-II multiferroics and magnetic skyrmions. Two distinct mechanisms of spiral spin states (frustration and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya [DM] interaction) are discussed in the context of the lattice symmetry. We also discuss the spin-induced ferroelectricity on the basis of the symmetry and microscopic atomic configurations. We compare two well-known microscopic models: the generalized inverse DM mechanism and the metal-ligand d-p hybridization mechanism. As a test for these models, we summarize the multiferroic properties of a family of triangular-lattice antiferromagnets. We also give a brief review of the magnetic skyrmions. Three types of known skyrmion-hosting materials with multiferroicity are discussed from the view point of crystal structure, magnetism, and origins of the magnetoelectric couplings. For exploration of new skyrmion-hosting materials, we also discuss the theoretical models for stabilizing skyrmions by magnetic frustration in centrosymmetric system. Several basic ideas for material design are given, which are successfully demonstrated by the recent experimental evidences for the skyrmion formation in centrosymmetric frustrated magnets.
Crystal and molecular structures of boldenone and four boldenone steroid esters
Authors: Turza Alexandru , Miclăuș Maria O. , Pop Aurel , Borodi Gheorghe
Published: September 2019

Androsta-1,4-dien-17β-ol-3-one, also known as boldenone, is an anabolic-androgenic steroid derived from testosterone. The crystal structures of boldenone base, boldenone acetate, boldenone propionate, boldenone cypionate and a boldenone acetate polymorph obtained by high throughput screening were investigated. Hirshfeld surfaces and fingerprint plots breakdown revealed that the molecular packing in the crystals are driven by dominant H⋯H intermolecular contacts, followed by O⋯H/H⋯O contacts and to a lesser degree C⋯H/H⋯C contacts. The steroid skeleton rings, for all the reported compounds, adopt the following conformation: planar in A, chair in B and C, whereas C(13) envelope conformations are found for the five-membered D rings. The total lattice energies were calculated as a sum of four terms (Coulombic, polarization, dispersion, repulsion).
Analytical Localization Lengths in an One-Dimensional Disordered Electron System
Authors: Rauh Alexander
Published: September 2019

Analytical approximations of the Lyapunov exponent are derived for a random displacement model with equal potential barriers and random positions of the scatterers. Two asymptotic regions are considered corresponding to high and low reflectivity of the single scattering potential. The analytical results are in terms of a distribution function W for certain phases of the transfer matrices. A functional equation for W is derived and numerically solved. This serves to validate the analytical asymptotic formulas which turn out to be accurate in the high and low reflectivity regions with dimensionless wave number K < 2 and K > 6, respectively. The high wave number asymptotics allows for an analytical examination of the sufficient conditions for Anderson localization
Selection of Single Harmonic Emission Peak for Producing Isolated Attosecond Pulse via Chirped-UV Combined Field
Authors: Liu Hang , Feng Li-Qiang
Published: September 2019

A potential method to produce isolated attosecond pulses (IAPs) by using low-intensity chirped-UV combined field has been investigated. The results can be separated into three parts. First, by properly introducing the mid-chirp or down-chirp of the low-intensity laser field, the harmonic cutoff can be extended and achieve the referenced value, which is produced from the high-intensity referenced field. Moreover, the spectral continuum is contributed by a single harmonic emission peak, which is beneficial to produce IAPs. However, the harmonic yield is very low due to the lower driven laser intensity. Second, by properly adding a UV pulse, the harmonic yield can be enhanced and achieve the referenced value due to the UV resonance ionisation. The intensity of the combined field is lower than that of the referenced field, which reduces the experimental requirements for producing high-intensity spectral continuum. Third, with the introduction of the positive or negative inhomogeneous effect of the mid-chirped combined field or down-chirped combined field, respectively, the similar harmonic cutoff and harmonic yield can also be obtained but with a much lower driven laser intensity. Finally, by superposing the harmonics on the spectral continuum, the IAPs with the durations of sub-38 as can be obtained.
Lagging Behind – The Emerging Influence of Jet Lag Symptoms on Road Safety
Authors: Chai Shang Yuin , Flaherty Gerard Thomas
Published: September 2019

Road traffic accidents are the leading cause of death in international travelers. With the growth of international travel, the number of visitors who rent a vehicle upon arrival at their destination by air or by sea is expected to increase. Jet lag is a well-recognized maladaptation to international travel across multiple time zones. Little is known about the possible influence of jet lag symptoms on the risk of road traffic collisions. Lack of awareness or failure to recognize the debilitating effects of jet lag and driving immediately after a long-haul flight put the driver at risk of a fatal road traffic accident. This article summarizes the available evidence and suggests reasonable approaches which may serve to minimize the risk of jet lag-induced driver fatigue leading to road injuries and deaths. The future research agenda should focus on routinely recording whether jet lag was a co-factor in road traffic accidents, analyzing the effectiveness of public awareness campaigns to highlight this neglected issue, and investigating the impact of jet lag on pedestrian road safety.
Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on clinical signs of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Atarbashi-Moghadam Fazele , Rashidi Maybodi Fahimeh , Dehghan Ali , Haerian Ardakani Alireza
Published: September 2019

Background. Several studies have shown the association between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and some similarities in the pathogenesis of these two diseases but clinical trials which have evaluated the effect of periodontal therapy on clinical signs of active RA are scarce, particularly in Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on the improvement of clinical signs of patients with RA. Methods. Fifty-six patients with active RA and generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis were selected and divided into case (periodontal treatment) and control (without periodontal treatment) groups. Periodontal parameters and RA disease activity scores (DAS28 index) were compared at 6- and 12-week intervals. Results. In the case group, a significant reduction in all the periodontal indices was observed 6 weeks after treatment. At the 12-week evaluation, periodontal indices showed a significant reduction in comparison with baseline and a little increase in comparison with 6-week interval. Six weeks after treatment, DAS28 decreased significantly in the case group (P<0.05). DAS28 also decreased at 12-week interval but its reduction was not significant in comparison with 6-week interval. DAS28 in the case group at 12-week interval was significantly less than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion. Since periodontal care as a part of treatment protocol in RA patients can be effective in improving clinical signs, the recall intervals are better to be 3 months or shorter.
Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on serum albumin levels in patients with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Shirmohammadi Adileh , Faramarzi Masoumeh , Salari Ashkan , Sadighi Shamami Mehrnoosh , Babaloo Amir Reza , Mousavi Zohreh
Published: September 2019

Background. Albumin is a protein whose serum levels decrease in inflammatory conditions such as periodontal diseases. This study was undertaken to evaluate changes in serum albumin levels in patients with and without periodontal diseases prior and subsequent to non-surgical periodontal treatment and its relationship with clinical parameters of periodontal disease.Methods. Twenty patients diagnosed as having chronic periodontitis and 20 periodontally healthy subjects, referring to Tabriz Faculty of Dentistry, were selected. Serum albumin levels and clinical variables of periodontal disease (probing pocket depth, gingival index, bleeding index, clinical attachment level and plaque index) were determined before treatment and three months subsequent to non-surgical periodontal treatment. Data were subjected to descriptive statistical analyses (mean ± SD). Serum levels of albumin and clinical parameters were compared between the two groups with independent-samples t-test. Paired-samples t-test was applied to compare the variables before and after treatment in the case group. Statistical significance was defined at P<0.05.Results. The mean serum albumin level of chronic periodontitis patients (3.62±0.11 mg/dL) exhibited a significantly lower value compared to subjects who were periodontally healthy (4.17±0.29 mg/dL), with the serum albumin levels increasing significantly three months postoperatively (3.78±0.33 mg/dL), approaching the level in subjects who were periodontally healthy (P<0.05).Conclusion. Decreases and increases in serum albumin levels under the effect of periodontal disease and its treatment indi-cated an inverse relationship between the albumin levels of serum and chronic periodontitis.
Clinical evaluation of the effect of acentric double pedicle graft with and without the use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on root coverage outcomes in class I and II Miller root recessions: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Abolfazli Nader , Faramarzi Masoumeh , Salehsaber Fariba , Shahmorad Aysan , Kokabi Hadi , Amini Sohrab
Published: September 2019

Background. Acentric double pedicle graft is an alternative to double pedicle graft, which can improve clinical outcomes by removing tension in sutures. This study examined the effect of using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on the success rate of acentric double pedicle graft in treating patients with Miller Class I and II recessions. Methods. A total of 16 Miller Class I and II lesions were studied in 8 patients. The samples were divided into two groups in terms of PRF use: with PRF and without PRF. Indices, including recession depth, width of keratinized gingiva and pocket depth, were measured with a standard Michigan O probe with Williams marking. Six months later, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Wilcoxon nonparametric test were applied with SPSS17 to analyze data. Results. The recession depth, width of keratinized gingiva, and increased root coverage exhibited a significant difference between the two groups after surgery, but no significant difference was found in pocket depths. Conclusion. Applying PRF with acentric double pedicle graft reduced the recession depth, increased the width of keratinized gingiva and enhanced the extent of root coverage when compared with the situation where PRF was not used. Therefore, this study supports the use of PRF with acentric double pedicle graft in root coverage treatments.
Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on the level of salivary antioxidants in patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis
Authors: Sayar Ferena , Shariatmadar Ahmadi Roya , Montazeri Mostafa
Published: September 2019

Background. In the course of periodontal diseases, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) produce oxidative agents and free radicals, thus triggering oxidant-antioxidant disequilibrium in the saliva. Due to the reduction of antioxidant protective effect, oxidative stress is induced, destroying periodontal tissues. This study aimed to investigate the consequences of the non-surgical phase of periodontal therapy on the level ofsalivary antioxidantsin patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis. Methods. Un-stimulated salivary samples were collected from 43 patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis for 5 minutes. Clinical parameters, including clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BoP) and pocket depth (PD), were recorded in each tooth and subsequently, scaling and root planing (SRP) was carried out. After four weeks, salivary samples were collected once again, and the above-mentioned clinical parameters were recorded. Following centrifugation and freezing at a temperature of -80°C, salivary samples were examined simultaneously in a single day, and the level of their antioxidants was measured with ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) method using a spectrophotometer. Results. The concentration of salivary antioxidants significantly increased four weeks following the non-surgical periodontal therapy (P<0.0001). Moreover, the clinical parameters of CAL, BoP and PD showed a significant decrease in 4 weeks as well (P<0.0001). Conclusion. The level of salivary antioxidants in patients with generalized moderate to severe chronic periodontitis significantly increased after etiotropic periodontal therapy, indicating the possible beneficial influence of periodontal therapy on the level of salivary antioxidants in patients suffering from periodontitis.
Effect of IL-36γ expression on chronic periodontitis with an increase in NF-KB signaling pathway
Authors: Babaloo Amir Reza , Shirmohammadi Adileh , Ghasemi Shima , Sandoghchian Siamak , Parvan Sahel , Fathi Nazanin
Published: September 2019

Background. An inappropriate inflammatory response is the cause of many common diseases, especially periodontitis. Considering that no studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of IL-36γ on chronic periodontitis, this study aimed to investigate the inflammatory mechanism of IL-36γ by stimulating macrophage cells using NF-KB pathway. Methods. This experimental study was performed on 50 healthy individuals and 50 subjects with chronic periodontitis. In this study, macrophage cells were extracted first, and then RNA was isolated from all the samples using TRIzol method. Subsequently, the rate of IL-36γ gene expression was analyzed and compared using real-time PCR technique. Additionally, immunofluorescence (IF) technique was used to investigate the rate of inflammation. The rate of NF-Kb expression was also measured via western blot technique. Finally, statistical analysis of the samples was carried out using appropriate statistical methods with SPSS 17. Results. The results showed that the rate of IL-36γ expression in subjects with periodontitis was higher compared to healthy subjects (P<0.05). Moreover, the results showed that following treatment of cells with TLR4, the rate of IL36γ expression increased significantly, especially during the 12-hour period after treatment. Conclusion. This indicates that after stimulating the TLR pathways, the rate of IL-36γ expression will probably increase.
Introduction of Tau Oligomers into Cortical Neurons Alters Action Potential Dynamics and Disrupts Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity
Authors: Hill Emily , Karikari Thomas K. , Moffat Kevin G. , Richardson Magnus J. E. , Wall Mark J.
Published: September 2019

Tau is a highly soluble microtubule-associated protein that acts within neurons to modify microtubule stability. However, abnormally phosphorylated tau dissociates from microtubules to form oligomers and fibrils which associate in the somatodendritic compartment. Although tau can form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), it is the soluble oligomers that appear to be the toxic species. There is, however, relatively little quantitative information on the concentration-dependent and time-dependent actions of soluble tau oligomers (oTau) on the electrophysiological and synaptic properties of neurons. Here, whole-cell patch clamp recording was used to introduce known concentrations of oligomeric full-length tau-441 into mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal and neocortical Layer V thick-tufted pyramidal cells. oTau increased input resistance, reduced action potential amplitude and slowed action potential rise and decay kinetics. oTau injected into presynaptic neurons induced the run-down of unitary EPSPs which was associated with increased short-term depression. In contrast, introduction of oTau into postsynaptic neurons had no effect on basal synaptic transmission, but markedly impaired the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP). Consistent with its effects on synaptic transmission and plasticity, oTau puncta could be observed in the soma, axon and in the distal dendrites of injected neurons.
Overt Attention toward Appetitive Cues Enhances Their Subjective Value, Independent of Orbitofrontal Cortex Activity
Authors: McGinty Vincent B.
Published: September 2019

Neural representations of value underlie many behaviors that are crucial for survival. Previously, we found that value representations in primate orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) are modulated by attention, specifically, by overt shifts of gaze toward or away from reward-associated visual cues (McGinty et al., 2016). Here, we investigate the influence of overt attention on behavior by asking how gaze shifts correlate with reward anticipatory responses and whether activity in OFC mediates this correlation. Macaque monkeys viewed pavlovian conditioned appetitive cues on a visual display, while the fraction of time they spent looking toward or away from the cues was measured using an eye tracker. Also measured during cue presentation were the reward anticipation, indicated by conditioned licking responses (CRs), and single-neuron activity in OFC. In general, gaze allocation predicted subsequent licking responses: the longer the monkeys spent looking at a cue at a given time point in a trial, the more likely they were to produce an anticipatory CR later in that trial, as if the subjective value of the cue were increased. To address neural mechanisms, mediation analysis measured the extent to which the gaze–CR correlation could be statistically explained by the concurrently recorded firing of OFC neurons. The resulting mediation effects were indistinguishable from chance. Therefore, while overt attention may increase the subjective value of reward-associated cues (as revealed by anticipatory behaviors), the underlying mechanism remains unknown, as does the functional significance of gaze-driven modulation of OFC value signals.
On the Assumptions That We Make About the World Around Us: A Conceptual Framework for Feature Transformation Effects
Authors: De Houwer Jan , Richetin Juliette , Hughes Sean , Perugini Marco
Published: September 2019

Various phenomena such as halo effects, spontaneous trait inferences, and evaluative conditioning have in common that assumptions about object features (e.g., whether a person is intelligent or likeable) are influenced by other object features (e.g., whether that person is attractive or co-occurs with other liked persons). Surprisingly, these phenomena have rarely been related to each other, most likely because different phenomena are described using different terms. To overcome this barrier, we put forward a conceptual framework that can be used to describe a wide range of these phenomena. After introducing the four core concepts of the framework, we illustrate how it can be applied to various phenomena. Doing so helps to reveal similarities and differences between those phenomena, thus improving communication and promoting interactions between different areas of research. Finally, we illustrate the generative power of the framework by discussing some of the new research questions that it highlights.
Gastrostomia em pediatria: aspecto clínico epidemiológico
Authors: Silva Cassilene Oliveira da , Cunha Regina Ribeiro , Ramos Edson Marcos Leal Soares , Parente Andressa Tavares , Lourenço-Costa Vanessa Vieira , Fernandes Paullo Oberlindo Costa
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: descrever o perfil clínico epidemiológico de crianças submetidas à cirurgia de gastrostomia. Métodos: estudo transversal, documental, retrospectivo desenvolvido em um hospital de referência em saúde da criança. Os dados foram coletados em prontuários e no livro de cirurgias. Resultados: entre 39 prontuários analisados a maioria é do sexo feminino, nascidos de parto vaginal, idade gestacional a termo, sem informação sobre o índice de APGAR, com alguma comorbidade, idade entre 0-3anos. A principal indicação para gastrostomia foi o distúrbio de deglutição de origem muscular ou neurológica com predomínio da técnica cirúrgica, uso de cateter de foley em látex como dispositivo para nutrição enteral, a primeira troca do dispositivo ocorreu entre 21 a 30 dias realizada pelo enfermeiro. Conclusão: constatou-se a prevalência de meninas, com idade entre zero a três anos com alguma comorbidade. Os distúrbios de deglutição constituíram a indicação de gastrostomia confeccionada por meio de técnica cirúrgica.
Simulação in situ: ganho da autoconfiança de profissionais de enfermagem na parada cardiopulmonar
Authors: Almeida Mariana Nunes , Duarte Tayse Tâmara da Paixão , Magro Marcia Cristina da Silva
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: comparar a simulação in situ em relação à aula didática tradicional, no ganho da autoconfiança de profissionais da equipe de enfermagem, em situação de parada cardiopulmonar. Métodos: estudo quasi-experimental, não equivalente, desenvolvido em unidade de terapia intensiva e pronto socorro de hospital geral. A intervenção foi a simulação in situ. Para coleta de dados, adotou-se questionário de caracterização profissional, a autoconfiança avaliada pela escala Self-Confidence Scale. Considerou-se significativo resultados com p≤0,050. Resultados: participaram 37 profissionais de enfermagem. O grupo experimental pré-simulação se mostrou menos autoconfiante (3,4±0,6) quando comparado ao grupo controle (3,9±0,7). Entretanto, 30 dias após a intervenção, o grupo experimental mostrou a manutenção de ganho significativo da confiança (p=0,040). Conclusão: a autoconfiança dos profissionais de enfermagem, direcionada à assistência ao paciente em parada cardiopulmonar, melhorou significativamente com emprego da simulação in situ, quando comparada à aula didática tradicional, dialogada.
AÇÃO COMUNICATIVA E FILOSOFIA DA LIBERTAÇÃO COMO UTOPIA: uma análise comparativa de Jurgen Habermas e Enrique Dussel
Authors: Sobottka Emil Albert
Published: September 2019

A Teoria da Ação Comunicativa e a Filosofia da Libertação são analisadas comparativamente com base em elementos da teoria de Karl Mannheim sobre ideologia e utopia. Os elementos . contrapostos são os seguintes: a avaliação da realidade atual, a nova realidade utópica projetada, a conceitualização das condições teóricas e das condições práticas, bem como a definição dos portadores ·da mudança social .. Uma teoria elaborada da ação social e da sociedade, mas de capacidade explicativa restrita à sua situação de origem, em Habermas, contrasta- se em Dussel com a aguçada elaboração de categorias para a análise dos mecanismos econômicos de dominação locais e internacionais, associada à ausência de uma teoria que permita operacionalizar alternativas de mudança social efetiva. Daí deriva-se a pergunta pela possibilidade de uma síntese (complementaridade) destas perspectivas.
OS PECADOS E A AXIOLOGIA
Authors: Mendes Jorge Jaime de Souza
Published: September 2019

O Autor confronta as noções de pecado com os anseios da nova Axiologia. Ressalta os pecados sociais e os da essência estrutural, concluindo serem os pecados um afastamento entre o como-é, e o como-poderia ou deveria ser. A medida do pecado é a Afirmação, síntese dos valores contidos em Deus.
A OUTRA FACE DO CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO DA AMÉRICA LATINA: A questão dos meninos e meninas em situação de rua
Authors: Reis Carlos Nelson dos
Published: September 2019

O presente texto tem por objetivo esboçar um cenário da contradição: riqueza e pobreza na América Latina. Não pretende trazer nenhuma novidade e nem mesmo esgotar um tema, já tão discutido por analistas e estudiosos de diferentes posições tanto ideológicas como teóricas. A ideia é reforçar o indicativo do recrudescimento dos problemas sócio-econômicos da região, em razão das recentes iniciativas dos governos dos principais países de ajustarem suas estruturas produtivas no sentido de acompanharem os movimentos das estruturas dos países desenvolvidos. Para tanto, o texto é desenvolvido em dois itens: o primeiro trata da questão do crescimento econômico, o que tem sido um conteúdo privilegiado nos discursos dos governantes, e o segundo mostra o custo social deste crescimento, principalmente no referente aos desagregados sociais. Por fim, faz uma referência especial à questão dos meninos e meninas em situação de rua na América Latina.
A RUA: um lugar de formação
Authors: Ghiggi Dionizia Portella
Published: September 2019

Um número significativo de crianças e adolescentes vive hoje nas ruas das cidades. Para esses sujeitos, as instâncias primordiais de formação como a família e a escola, foram substituídos por outras que se situam no âmbito da rua. Demonstrar como ocorre essa formação a partir do referencial foucaultiano constitui-se no principal propósito deste texto.
UMA NOVA FORMA DE GERENCIAMENTO: a avaliação
Authors: Faguer Jean-Pierre , Balazs Gabrielle
Published: September 2019

A partir de entrevistas realizadas numa empresa de informática em momentos diferentes, dos anos oitenta aos anos noventa, junto a vários agentes que trabalhavam nesse local, este artigo expõe como, atrás das relações de trabalho aparentemente descontraídas, a busca pela "transparência" obriga cada um dos assalariados a trabalhar sob o olhar dos outros, e as avaliações constantes dos desempenhos são indicadores de tensões que suscita a intensificação da concorrência. Também é exigido do pessoal subalterno uma parte cada vez maior de atividade e de "comunicação". Enfim, verifica-se que as relações de trabalho são inseparavelmente relações de dominação, onde cada posto, ao mesmo tempo que implica o domínio de uma competência técnica especifica, demanda as qualidades ordinariamente exigidas do pessoal de serviço.
O CONCEITO DE JUSTIÇA ANTONIANO E A SUA DIMENSÃO ÉTICA
Authors: Souza José Antônio de C. R. de
Published: September 2019

Santo Antônio de Lisboa (ou de Pádua), na qualidade de pregador, deixou um legado de sermões, nos quais encontra-se toda uma visão de vida cristã. A obra não pode ser qualificada como pertencente a um filósofo, tal como se deu este nome a outros seus contemporâneos, mas possui denso conteúdo teórico, como, por exemplo, no que se refere à dimensão ética do conceito de justiça.
NOMINALISMO E PROGRESSO SCIENTIFICO NELL'ULTIMO MEDIOEVO: Giovanni Buridano
Authors: Ghisalberti Alessandro
Published: September 2019

Os pensadores do século XN, até poucos anos, eram considerados como críticos destruidores, que minaram as bases do saber elaborado durante o século XIIl. Nos últimos anos, mostrou-se que esta ideia é falsa. O "nominalismo" de homens como Ockham, Gregório de Rimini, João Buridano e outros, representa um momento importante na história da ciência, graças principalmente à aplicação de sua refinada lógica na releitura da física e da cosmologia. Com a revisão global da linguagem filosófica, eles criaram novas linguagens, e nisto encontra- se sua contribuição para a história da ciência. Foi assim que Buridano inovou em questões de tisica, como na noção do espaço e do movimento.
O LIVRO DO AMOR DE MARSILIO FICINO
Authors: Lucchesi Marco
Published: September 2019

Um dos autores mais importantes do Renascimento é o italiano Marsílio Ficino. Deixando de lado os estudos filosóficos baseados em Aristóteles e Lucrécio, voltou-se com afã a Platão. Em seu Comentário ao Banquete de Platão, ele retoma o filósofo grego e, deixando-se influenciar também pela Ética aristotélica, por Cícero, Agostinho e os poetas italianos, entre outros, produz uma obra ainda capaz de despertar admiração e surpresa no leitor contemporâneo.
CONCEITO OBJETIVO, DENOMINAÇÃO EXTRINSECA E ENTIA RATIONIS EM FRANCISCO SUÁREZ (1548 - 1617)
Authors: Rios André Rangel
Published: September 2019

Suárez, talvez o principal expoente da Escolástica do século XVI, em suas Disputationes metaphysicae, trabalha, entre outros temas, o do conceito objetivo. Atendo-se principalmente à disputação 2, secção n• 1, procura-se mostrar a fecundidade de tal noção, desenvolvendo, para tanto, os temas: o conceito formal enquanto ato mental e enquanto imago, a doutrina da denominação extrínseca: a denominação extrínseca e os entia rationis, a denominação extrínseca e os possíveis.
DIALÉTICA E ANALOGIA NA PAIDÉIA PLATÔNICA
Authors: Sardi Sérgio A.
Published: September 2019

A analogia, enquanto procedimento metodológico da dialética platônica, estabelece uma relação entre paidéia e dialética ascendente. O presente estudo limita-se ao diálogo Ménon e visa, ainda, articular a relação entre este diálogo e o conjunto de obra de Platão no que concerne à relação entre analogia e dialética.
A Bauhaus és a városépítés – néhány kritikai megjegyzés
Authors: v xJános
Published: September 2019

A hozzászólás arra szeretné felhívni a figyelmet, hogy a Bauhaus elmélete és gyakorlata – minden, az építészeti felfogás és a design terén korszakalkotó érdeme mellett – a városépítésben korántsem olyan meggyőző, mint az előbb említett két területen. A Bauhaus városépítési elveivel, a városi funkciók túlzott különválasztásával, a városi beépítés szerkezetének feladásával, élhető és eleven várost létrehozni nem lehet. Az absztrakt és életidegen célok, melyek követése részben messze a 21. századba is benyúlt, kis híján megölték azt a minőséget, amelyet – a kifejezés minden félreérthetőségének tudatában – az „európai város” fogalommal jelölünk. A Bauhaus elvein alapuló – elsősorban német – lakótelepek beépítési formáinak, az építészeti kialakításnak sivársága többek között a „fény, levegő, nap” jelszavainak sematikus értelmezésére, valamint az akkor modernnek tartott gyors és a városban uralkodó gépkocsiforgalomhoz való alkalmazkodásra vezethető vissza, amire Ludwig Hilberseimer, a Bauhaus egyik tanára, szolgál elrettentő példával. Az 1920-as évekből a Bauhausnak olyan, a funkcionális és építészeti modernséget a helyi identitással ötvöző alternatívái ismertek, mint pl. Fritz Schumacher hamburgi városnegyedei. A Bauhaus városépítésével ellentétben már Camillo Sitte az „olmützi rendszerrel” lefektette egy olyan beépítési rendszer alapjait, amely alkalmas zárt, otthonos terek alkotására éppúgy, mint az építési telkek gazdaságos kihasználására. A hozzászólás röviden kitér lehetséges további kutatási területekre, mint pl. a „tradicionalista” és a „modern” építészet különválására és Harry Graf Kessler kapcsolati rendszerére.
Perception of disaster preparedness and participation in training are associated with disaster preparedness among health workers
Authors: Susila I Made Dwie Pradnya , Januraga Pande Putu , Utami Ni Wayan Arya
Published: September 2019

Background and purpose: Disaster preparedness is crucial for health workers in order to provide relief to communities affected by disasters quickly and precisely. However currently there are only few health workers who are prepared to face disasters. This study aims to determine the association between knowledge, perception, participation in training and experience in disaster management with disaster preparedness in health workers.Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted among health workers at Petang and Abiansemal public health centres (PHCs). Of the six PHCs, four were randomly selected consisting of one PHC in Petang Sub-district and three PHCs in Abiansemal Sub-district. All health workers (271 people) in the four PHCs were selected as respondents. Individual face-to-face interviews were conducted by the first author during April 2018 in the workplaces of each respondent using a pre-tested questionnaire. Data collected consisted of socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, perceptions, participation in training, experiences in disaster management and disaster preparedness. Questions consisted of three components namely knowledge (12 items), perception (32 items) and disaster preparedness (25 items). Bivariate analysis was conducted with chi square test and multivariate analysis with binary logistic regression to determine the association between knowledge, perception, participation in training and experience in disaster management with disaster preparedness.Results: The results showed that 70.9% of respondents had attended disaster training, 40.6% had good knowledge, 24.7% had participated in disaster management and 49.1% had a high level of disaster preparedness. The variables significantly associated with disaster preparedness were perceptions (AOR=6.40; 95%CI: 3.71-10.99) and participation in disaster training (AOR=2.68; 95%CI: 1.44-4.97).Conclusion: Perception and participation in training are significantly associated with disaster preparedness. Continuous training is needed to increase disaster preparedness among health workers.