bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The cost of intersectionality: Motherhood, mental health, and the state of the country
Authors: Garland McKinney Jasmine L. , Meinersmann LaReine M.
Published: July 2022

The Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic and society's overdue racial awakening (Worland, 2020) have created distinct needs for mothers, especially mothers of Color (MOC) in the United States (US) (Breman et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2021). Prior to the double pandemic (see Addo, 2020), expectations that mothers devote themselves entirely to their children may support increases in mental health symptomology within this population (Rahman et al., 2013). Based on systemic inequities that reside at the foundation of many institutions (e.g., healthcare, law, education) within the US, MOC experience increased worry, anxiety, stress, and fear during the double pandemic (Liu et al., 2021). In addition, MOC engage in mothering practices (e.g., racial socialization) that are unique to raising children who identify as Black, Indigenous, and Persons of Color (BIPOC) (Hughes & Chen et al., 1997). Based on these facts, the authors investigate the sociocultural forces that impact MOC's mental health during the context of the double pandemic through a review of existent literature on this topic. The authors’ analysis and incorporation of intersectionality theory and Black feminist thought uncovers the ways in which these forces may influence the experiences of MOC. Finally, the authors utilize an intersectional‐based policy analysis framework (Hankivsky et al., 2014) to provide recommendations for social policy, education and training, and directions for future research. These recommendations acknowledge the influence of power and privilege in the US while building upon the protective factors that support MOC.
Use of the Theoretical Domains Framework to explore factors influencing paediatric fever management practices and antipyretic use in New Zealand emergency departments
Authors: Tan Eunicia , Haskell Libby , Beck Sierra , MacLean Alastair , Rogan Alice , Than Martin , Venning Bridget , White Christopher , Yates Kim , McKinlay Christopher JD , Dalziel Stuart R
Published: July 2022

Aim

To explore factors influencing fever management practices and antipyretic use among New Zealand Emergency Department (ED) doctors and nurses using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).

Methods

Cross‐sectional survey of doctors and nurses across 11 New Zealand EDs. The questionnaire examined eight of 12 TDF domains, based on a generic questionnaire validated to assess TDF‐based determinants of health‐care professional behaviour. Relevant domains were identified by the frequency of beliefs; the presence of conflicting beliefs within a domain; and the likely strength of impact of a belief on paediatric fever management in the ED.

Results

About 602 participants (243 doctors, 353 nurses and 6 unknown) completed the survey (response rate 47.5%). Over half (351/591, 59.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 55.5–63.5%) knew the content of clinical practice guidelines regarding antipyretic use in febrile children (TDF Domain Knowledge), or had been trained to ensure antipyretics are given to febrile children only if they appear distressed (347/592, 58.6%, 95% CI 54.5–62.6%) (Skills). Over 40% (246/590, 95% CI 37.7–45.8%) aim to reduce the fever before discharge (Goals). Most (444/591, 75.1%, 95% CI 71.4–78.6%) participants felt capable of explaining appropriate antipyretic use to parents/care givers (Beliefs about Capabilities). Only a minority (155/584, 26.5%, 95% CI 23.0–30.3%) thought that they can ensure antipyretics are given to febrile children only if they appear distressed when the ED is busy (Environmental Context and Resources).

Conclusions

Using the TDF, we identified factors influencing fever management practices and antipyretic use in the ED. These factors can guide the design of targeted, theory‐informed knowledge translation strategies.
Clinical profile and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C): Hospital‐based prospective observational study from a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Karunakar Pediredla , Ramamoorthy Jaikumar G , Anantharaj Avinash , Parameswaran Narayanan , Biswal Niranjan , Dhodapkar Rahul , Bhaskar Maanasa , Basu Debdatta , Das Sindhusuta , Gunalan Anitha
Published: July 2022

Aim

To study the clinical profile and outcomes in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C).

Methods

Children aged 1 month to 15 years presenting with MIS‐C (May 2020 to November 2021) were enrolled. Clinical, laboratory, echocardiography parameters and outcomes were analysed.

Results

Eighty‐one children (median age 60 months (24–100)) were enrolled. Median duration of fever was 5 days (3–7). Twenty‐nine (35.8%) had shock (severe MIS‐C) including 23 (28.3%) requiring inotropes (median duration = 25 h (7.5–33)). Ten required mechanical ventilation, 12 had acute kidney injury and 1 child died. Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction was seen in 38 (46.9%), 16 (19.7%) had coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) and 13 (20%) had macrophage activation syndrome. Sixty‐one (75.3%) were SARS CoV‐2 positive (10 by RT‐PCR and 51 by serology). Sixty‐eight (83.9%) received immunomodulators. Younger age was significantly associated with CAA (P value = 0.05). Older age, LV dysfunction, SARS CoV‐2 positivity, low platelet count and elevated serum ferritin were significantly associated with severe MIS‐C (univariate analysis). Younger age was an independent predictor of CAA (P = 0.05); older age (P = 0.043) and low platelet count (P = 0.032) were independent predictors of severe MIS‐C (multivariate logistic regression analysis).

Conclusion

Our patients had diverse clinical manifestations with a good outcome. Younger age was significantly associated with CAA. Older age, LV dysfunction, low platelet count and elevated serum ferritin were significantly associated with severe MIS‐C. Younger age is an independent predictor of CAA. Older age and low platelet count are independent predictors of severe MIS‐C.
Clinical evaluation of muscle functions in neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Gurler Gokce , Altunbuker Hira , Cankaya Ozge , Esen‐Aydinli Fatma , Incebay Onal , Sel Sinem A. , Lay Incilay , Kerem‐Gunel Mintaze , Anlar Banu
Published: July 2022

Aim

Muscle weakness, fatigue and speech problems can occur in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). The pathogenesis of these symptoms is unclear, likely multifactorial. We examined motor function in limb and speech muscles in NF1 patients.

Methods

We evaluated NF1 and control groups aged 4–18 years for muscle strength, tone and mobility using standard manual testing, joint motion and Beighton score measurements. Speech and language functions were assessed by speech articulation and resonance. As a marker of muscle tissue turnover, we determined collagen degradation products in urine before and after submaximal exercise.

Results

NF1 patients had reduced strength in proximal limb muscles compared to control subjects. Speech articulation problems and hypernasality were more common in NF1 (47% and 38%, respectively). Collagen products excreted in urine correlated with gluteal and biceps muscle strength.

Conclusion

Muscle dysfunction can be detected in some children with NF1 and may explain certain clinical features including fatigue, speech and articulation problems. If confirmed by further research, these findings may be relevant to the management of this condition.
Correlates of excessive daytime sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea: Results from the nationwide SESAR cohort including 34,684 patients
Authors: Ulander Martin , Hedner Jan , Stillberg Göran , Sunnergren Ola , Grote Ludger
Published: July 2022

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a hallmark symptom in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). It is commonly eliminated by obstructive sleep apnea therapy and constitutes a major treatment indication. This study aimed to identify determinants of excessive daytime sleepiness by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores in the large, representative national obstructive sleep apnea patient cohort of the Swedish Sleep Apnea Registry (SESAR, www.sesar.se). Data from 34,684 patients with obstructive sleep apnea recruited at 23 sites (33% females, mean age 55.7 ± 13.7 years, BMI 30.2 ± 6.3 kg/m2, AHI 29.1 ± 22.3, and ODI 24.9 ± 21.4 events/h) had a mean ESS score in the mild to moderate excessive daytime sleepiness range (9.7 ± 4.9). The proportion of patients with excessive daytime sleepiness was 41.4% in men and 44.6% in women. Independent predictors of excessive daytime sleepiness included gender, age, and hypoxic markers (high ODI and low mean saturation). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify significant predictors for the ESS score and for excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS ≥10) amongst anthropometric factors, sleep apnea frequency (apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI)), markers of intermittent hypoxia (oxygen desaturation index (ODI), mean saturation (mSaO2)), as well as prevalent comorbidities. Depression was associated with higher ESS scores and hypertension/atrial fibrillation with lower scores. The oxygen desaturation index provided a stronger predictor of excessive daytime sleepiness than the apnea‐hypopnea index. The severity of obstructive sleep apnea, captured as the apnea‐hypopnea index, was only weakly associated with daytime sleepiness in this representative obstructive sleep apnea patient cohort. Age had different effects in men and women.The impact of obstructive sleep apnea in a wider patient related perspective needs to be determined after the inclusion of factors other than the apnea‐hypopnea index.
Scaffolding Language for Learning in Mathematics for English Learners Receiving Intensive Intervention
Authors: Sacco Donna M. , Spies Tracy , Pfannenstiel Kathleen
Published: July 2022

Eliciting student thinking during mathematics instruction allows teachers to choose tasks with high cognitive demand while also engaging students to use productive struggle to solve mathematical problems, thus increasing their conceptual understanding. Often, students who require intensive intervention in mathematics, in particular, students who are English learners, are not able to participate in discourse opportunities within core instruction in mathematics because they lack the confidence or the necessary skills. This includes students with mathematics difficulties as well as students with identified mathematics disabilities. Discourse provides multiple opportunities to practice using and listening to content‐specific language, which is critical to developing academic language and accessing higher‐level mathematics. This article summarizes the research supporting discourse in mathematics interventions as well as appropriate scaffolds to support discourse within intensive intervention for English learners, ultimately improving student understanding and performance.
A low‐latitude species pump: Peripheral isolation, parapatric speciation and mating‐system evolution converge in a marine radiation
Authors: Almeida Susana C. , Neiva João , Sousa Filipe , Martins Neusa , Cox Cymon J. , Melo‐Ferreira José , Guiry Michael D. , Serrão Ester A. , Pearson Gareth A.
Published: July 2022

Geologically recent radiations can shed light on speciation processes, but incomplete lineage sorting and introgressive gene flow render accurate evolutionary reconstruction and interpretation challenging. Independently evolving metapopulations of low dispersal taxa may provide an additional level of phylogeographic information, given sufficiently broad sampling and genome‐wide sequencing. Evolution in the marine brown algal genus Fucus in the south‐eastern North Atlantic was shaped by Quaternary climate‐driven range shifts. Over this timescale, divergence and speciation occurred against a background of expansion‐contraction cycles from multiple refugia, together with mating‐system shifts from outcrossing (dioecy) to selfing hermaphroditism. We tested the hypothesis that peripheral isolation of range edge (dioecious) F. vesiculosus led to parapatric speciation and radiation of hermaphrodite lineages. Species tree methods using 876 single‐copy nuclear genes and extensive geographic coverage produced conflicting topologies with respect to geographic clades of F. vesiculosus. All methods, however, revealed a new and early diverging hermaphrodite species, Fucus macroguiryi sp. nov. Both the multispecies coalescent and polymorphism‐aware models (in contrast to concatenation) support sequential paraphyly in F. vesiculosus resulting from distinct evolutionary processes. Our results support (1) peripheral isolation of the southern F. vesiculosus clade prior to parapatric speciation and radiation of hermaphrodite lineages‐a “low‐latitude species pump”. (2) Directional introgressive gene flow into F. vesiculosus around the present‐day secondary contact zone (sympatric‐allopatric boundary) between dioecious/hermaphrodite lineages as hermaphrodites expanded northwards, supported by concordance analysis and statistical tests of introgression. (3) Species boundaries in the extensive sympatric range are probably maintained by reproductive system (selfing in hermaphrodites) and reinforcement.
Multiple insecticide resistance and first evidence of V410L kdr mutation in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) from Burkina Faso
Authors: Toé Hyacinthe K. , Zongo Soumanaba , Guelbeogo Moussa W. , Kamgang Basile , Viana Mafalda , Tapsoba Madou , Sanou Antoine , Traoré Alphonse , McCall Philip J. , Sagnon N'Falé
Published: July 2022

The response to recent dengue outbreaks in Burkina Faso was insecticide‐based, despite poor knowledge of the vector population's susceptibility to the insecticides used. Here, we report on the susceptibility to the main insecticide classes and identify important underlying mechanisms in Aedes aegypti populations in Ouagadougou and Banfora, in 2019 and 2020. Wild Ae. aegypti were tested as adults in WHO bioassays and then screened in real time melting curve qPCR analyses to genotype the F1534C, V1016I, and V410L Aedes kdr mutations. Ae. aegypti showed moderate resistance to 0.1% bendiocarb (80–95% survival post‐exposure), 0.8% Malathion (60–100%), 0.21% pirimiphos‐methyl (75% – 97%), and high resistance to 0.03% deltamethrin (20–70%). PBO pre‐exposure partially restored pyrethroid susceptibility. Genotyping detected high frequency of 1534C allele (0.92) and moderate 1016I (0.1–0.32). The V410L mutation was detected in Burkina Faso for the first time (frequency 0.1–0.36). Mosquitoes surviving 4 h exposure to 0.03% deltamethrin had significantly higher frequencies of the F1534C mutation than dead mosquitoes (0.70 vs. 0.96, p < 0.0001) and mosquitoes surviving 2 ‐ 4 h exposure had a significantly reduced life span. Ae. aegypti from Burkina Faso are resistant to multiple insecticide classes with multiple mechanisms involved, demonstrating the essential role of insecticide resistance monitoring within national dengue control programmes.
Molecular epidemiology and clinical‐laboratory aspects of chromoblastomycosis in Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Guevara Armando , Nery Andréia Ferreira , de Souza Carvalho Melhem Márcia , Bonfietti Lucas , Rodrigues Anderson Messias , Hagen Ferry , de Carvalho Jamile Ambrósio , de Camargo Zoilo Pires , de Souza Lima Bruna Jacomel F. , Vicente Vânia Aparecida , Hahn Rosane Christine
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Chromoblastomycosis is a disease caused by melanized fungi, primarily belonging to the genera Fonsecaea and Cladophialophora, mainly affecting individuals who are occupationally exposed to soil and plant products. This research aimed to determine the clinical, epidemiological and laboratory characteristics of chromoblastomycosis in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Materials and Methods

Patients diagnosed with chromoblastomycosis treated at the Júlio Müller University Hospital, Cuiabá, Brazil, from January 2015 to December 2020, whose isolates were preserved in the Research Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Mato Grosso. Isolates were identified by partly sequencing the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and β‐tubulin (BT2) loci. AFLP fingerprinting was used to explore the genetic diversity. Susceptibility to itraconazole, voriconazole, 5‐fluorocytosine, terbinafine and amphotericin B was determined by the broth microdilution technique.

Results

Ten patients were included, nine were male (mean age = 64.1 years). Mean disease duration was 8.6 years. Lesions were mainly observed in the lower limbs. Predominant clinical forms were verrucous and scarring. Systemic arterial hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus were the predominant comorbidities. Leprosy was the main concomitant infectious disease. Fonsecaea pedrosoi was the unique aetiological agent identified with moderate genetic diversity (H = 0.3934–0.4527; PIC = 0.3160–0.3502). Antifungal agents with the highest activity were terbinafine, voriconazole and itraconazole.

Conclusion

Chromoblastomycosis is affecting the poor population in rural and urban areas, mainly related to agricultural activities, with F. pedrosoi being the dominant aetiologic agent. All isolates had low MICs for itraconazole, voriconazole and terbinafine, confirming their importance as therapeutic alternatives for chromoblastomycosis.
Autoimmunity to acetylcholine receptor channels
Authors: Yoshikawa Hiroaki
Published: July 2022

Anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChRAb) targets nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). AChRAb induces degradation of AChRs, which causes a decrease in the efficacy of neuromuscular transmission. The clinical condition induced by this process is myasthenia gravis (MG). Transmission failure at the NMJ is detectable by a repetitive nerve stimulation test. AChRAb may be complicated with thymic abnormalities (thymoma and/or lymphoreticular hyperplasia [LFH]). Moreover, autoimmune thyroid disease may accompany MG. Thymoma and LFH have etiological roles in AChRAb production, and the removal of thymoma and LFH improve MG symptoms. MG therapies, such as acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (AChEI), aim to increase the efficacy of NMJ transmission; however, the effect of AChEI is limited. The primary therapy aims to decrease AChRAb and is combined with thymectomy. There are two methods to remove AChRAb from the patients' blood: (1) reduce the production of immunoglobulins by administration of corticosteroid and/or immunosuppressants and (2) remove immunoglobulin by blood purification. In some patients, long‐lasting immunosuppression is necessary, which causes adverse events. Combinatory use of other immunosuppressants reduces the adverse events of corticosteroids. In addition, intravenous immunoglobulin is available to modify the proportion of immunoglobulin in patients' blood. Recently, humanized monoclonal antibodies against specific molecules have been introduced for immunoglobulin modification; however, they are not AChRAb specific. Thus, it is necessary to consider the safety and cost‐effectiveness of therapies.
Relationship between multidimensional stressors and quality of life in people with stroke
Authors: Choi Eun Jeong , Kim Hye Young
Published: July 2022

This study explored the impact of intrapersonal (stroke severity, physical dysfunction, and fear of stroke recurrence), interpersonal (loneliness), and extrapersonal (economic status) stressors on the quality of life of people with stroke. A correlational cross‐sectional research design was employed. This study was based on Betty Neuman's systems theory. One hundred thirty‐nine people with stroke were recruited from 10 hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected from January to February 2020 using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t‐test, one‐way analysis of variance, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, Spearman's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Stroke severity had the strongest association with quality of life among people with stroke, followed by loneliness and fear of stroke recurrence. These variables accounted for approximately 77% of the variance in the quality of life. Stroke severity, loneliness, and fear of stroke recurrence should be systematically monitored to enhance the quality of life in people with stroke. Additionally, a detailed intervention that considers all these stressors must be developed, and its effectiveness must be verified through further research.
“Complexity, safety and challenges: Emergency responders' experience of people affected by methamphetamines”
Authors: Jones Rikki , Jackson Debra , Woods Cindy , Usher Kim
Published: July 2022

Providing care to methamphetamine‐related callout events in the prehospital environment is often complex and resource‐intensive, requiring staff to manage agitation and violence‐related side effects of methamphetamines. In Australia, emergency responders are increasingly required to attend events related to methamphetamines, even though reports suggest methamphetamine use across Australia has declined. The aim of the study was to explore Australian police and paramedic experiences attending methamphetamine‐related events. A qualitative descriptive phenomenology design was employed using semi‐structured interviews with employed police (10) and paramedics (8) from Australia. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Participants described the complexities associated with providing prehospital care to people affected by methamphetamines. Participants described associated domestic/family violence, increased levels of violence, challenges with communication, and responder emotional and psychological distress and physical injury. Violence associated with methamphetamine use is a critical factor in prehospital care. Workplace violence and family/domestic violence are important issues that require further research to ensure families and staff are well supported and have the services they need to continue responding to people affected by methamphetamine use.
The effect of institutional support and relational capital on knowledge mobilization in public administration research
Authors: Zhang Wenguang , Xiao Yanbo , Zhang Jingyu , Lu Ji
Published: July 2022

Knowledge mobilization (KMb) takes a programmatic approach to empower and motivate scholars to connect research with policy‐making through disseminating research to knowledge users, acquiring information from practitioners, and responding to the acquired information. The present study aims to investigate the influence of institutional‐level factors on researchers' KMb activities. One hundred fifty‐five researchers in the field of public administration across China participated in an online survey study. The participants reported their KMb activities, perceived institutional support, and relational capital. The results demonstrate that both the strength of institutional support and relational capital are positively associated with researchers' KMb activities. Moreover, the effect of institutional support tends to be stronger when an institution has more relational capital. The study highlights that research institutions should take programmatic approaches to empower their researchers to be actively involved in the knowledge co‐production process and make a systematic effort at the institutional level to build a well‐developed collaborative network.
Circadian pain patterns in human pain conditions – A systematic review
Authors: Knezevic Nebojsa Nick , Nader Anthony , Pirvulescu Iulia , Pynadath Aby , Rahavard Behnoosh B. , Candido Kenneth D.
Published: July 2022

Background

Chronobiology is the science of how physiological processes in the body follow a pattern of time. Pain has been shown to follow a circadian rhythm, with different types of pain having variable expression along this rhythm.

Objective

This article reviews the nature of diurnal variations in pain along with a discussion of the mechanisms of circadian rhythm of pain.

Evidence Review

We conducted a literature search on the PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases, through April 2022. Publications were screened for English language, full‐text availability, and human subjects. Randomized controlled trials and observational trials were included. Data were extracted from studies on patients with acute or chronic pain phenotypes, which provide pain severity data and corresponding diurnal time points.

Findings

The literature search led to the inclusion of 39 studies. A circadian pattern of pain was found to be present in nociceptive, neuropathic, central, and mixed pain states. Postoperative pain, fibromyalgia, trigeminal neuralgia, and migraines were associated with higher pain scores in the morning. Temporomandibular joint pain, neuropathic pain, labor pain, biliary colic, and cluster headaches increased throughout the day to reach a peak in the evening or night. Arthritis and cancer pain were not associated with any circadian rhythmicity. Furthermore, the circadian rhythm of pain was not found to be altered in patients on analgesics.

Conclusion

The results of this review suggest that an understanding of diurnal variation may help improve therapeutic strategies in pain management, for instance through analgesic titration.
High urinary CXCL10/Cr with onset of Burkitt lymphoma in a pediatric kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Suresh Shwetha , Dix David , Wang Li , Blydt‐Hansen Tom D.
Published: July 2022

Background

Urinary CXCL10/Cr is a promising diagnostic tool for early detection of TCMR in pediatric transplant recipients, and most studies focus on its utility in the context of localized allograft inflammation thus far. Other sources of inflammation that may be detected by CXCL10 are less clear.

Methods

We present a case review of a patient with BL, who was enrolled in a prospective trial of urinary CXCL10 monitoring. To evaluate the potential confounding, we tested for association of CXCL10/Cr and EBV viral load in a prospective cohort of pediatric transplant recipients with serial testing for urinary CXCL10/Cr.

Results

This report describes a 15‐year‐old boy, 3.5 years post‐transplant with chronic EBV viremia, stable kidney function and no history of rejection. Urinary CXCL10/Cr level increased acutely to 79.43 ng/mmol, 0.8 months prior to onset of BL, identified by a surge in EBV viral load. In a national cohort of 97 pediatric kidney transplant recipients, there was no association between urinary CXCL10/Cr with EBV viral loads when comparing periods of pre‐viremia (5.8 ± 9.2 ng/mmol) to active viremia (4.0 ± 5.3 ng/mmol) and periods of active viremia (7.1 ± 8.9 ng/mmol) to post‐viremia (4.4 ± 9.8 ng/mmol).

Conclusions

Acute rise in urinary CXCL10/Cr was associated with onset of graft‐associated BL. We were not able to confirm a general association of EBV viral load and urinary CXCL10. As non‐invasive monitoring is implemented using biomarkers like CXCL10 in the clinic, attention will be needed to identify other uncommon, potential sources of CXCL10 elevation.
Sleep‐related breathing disorders and cardiometabolic risk factors in pediatric kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Kuznetsova Anna , Meyers Kevin E. , Dhanantwari Preeta , Laney Nina , Frank Rachel , Sethna Christine B.
Published: July 2022

Background

SRBDs have been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is a significant cause of mortality in kidney transplant recipients. Few studies have investigated the association between SRBDs and cardiometabolic risk factors in pediatric kidney transplant recipients.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study of pediatric kidney transplant recipients using baseline cardiometabolic data from a previous clinical trial (NCT01007994). Parents/guardians of pediatric kidney transplant recipients filled out 22‐item PSQ. A score greater than 33% was defined as a diagnosis of a SRBD. Fisher's exact test, Mann–Whitney U test, and regressions were used to determine associations.

Results

Among the 58 transplant recipients enrolled, 14.80% (n = 8) of participants identified as Black and 40.7% (n = 22) were male. The median age was 13 (IQR 8.25, 17) years and median number of years post‐transplant for participants was 2 (IQR 1, 4). The prevalence of SRBDs was 26% (n = 14). The presence of a SRBD was associated with abnormalities in multiple cardiometabolic risk factors including total cholesterol level (β = 23.63; 95% CI 3.58–43.67), LDL level (β = 24.94; 95% CI 6.37–43.50), triglyceride level (β = 54.62; 95% CI 8.74–100.50), and LVH (OR = 5.12; 95% CI 1.12–23.45) when adjusted for age, sex, and race.

Conclusions

Similar to associations reported in the general pediatric and general CKD populations, SRBD is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk in pediatric kidney transplant recipients.
Outcomes of living unrelated donor kidney transplants in children: An Organ Procurement and Transplant Network database analysis
Authors: Butani Lavjay , Tancredi Daniel
Published: July 2022

Background

There are conflicting data on long‐term outcomes of pediatric LURD renal Txs compared to Txs of kidneys from other donor sources.

Methods

An analysis of the OPTN database was conducted in children (<18 years) who had received their 1st kidney‐only Tx between January 1, 2000, and September 30, 2021. The primary outcome measure was time to graft failure or death. Cox event history regression model for time to primary outcome, categorized by donor source and adjusting for confounders was performed.

Results

Of the 12 089 subjects, 327 (2.7%) received kidneys from LURDs, 4349 (36%) from LRDs and 7413 (61%) from DD. One year graft failure rate was 3.56%. On regression analyses, compared to LRD kidney recipients, LURD recipients had comparable graft survival (graft failure AHR 1.15, 95th percentile confidence interval 0.87–1.51; p .31) and DD recipients had lower graft survival (graft failure hazard ratio 1.26, 95th percentile confidence interval 1.10–1.43; p < .001). When using living unrelated kidney recipients as the reference group, DD kidney recipients had comparable graft survival, with a wide confidence interval (hazard ratio for graft failure 1.09; 0.83–1.43, p .53).

Conclusions

Pediatric LURD kidney recipients have comparable graft survival to LRD kidney recipients; DD kidney recipients had the poorest survival. Our study, the largest to date, should encourage centers to embrace non‐commercial living‐unrelated transplantation as a viable option for children, preferable to DD kidneys.
Central European 2018 hot drought shifts scots pine forest to its tipping point
Authors: Haberstroh S. , Werner C. , Grün M. , Kreuzwieser J. , Seifert T. , Schindler D. , Christen A.
Published: July 2022

The occurrence of hot drought, i.e. low water availability and simultaneous high air temperature, represents a severe threat to ecosystems. Here, we investigated how the 2018 hot drought in Central Europe caused a tipping point in tree and ecosystem functioning in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest in southwest Germany.

Measurements of stress indicators, such as needle water potential, carbon assimilation and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, of dominant P. sylvestris trees were deployed to evaluate tree functioning during hot drought. Ecosystem impact and recovery were assessed as ecosystem carbon exchange, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from satellite data and tree mortality data.

During summer 2018, needle water potentials of trees dropped to minimum values of −7.5 ± 0.2 MPa, which implied severe hydraulic impairment of P. sylvestris. Likewise, carbon assimilation and VOC emissions strongly declined after mid‐July. Decreasing NDVI values from August 2018 onwards were detected, along with severe defoliation in P. sylvestris, impairing ecosystem carbon flux recovery in 2019, shifting the forest into a year‐round carbon source. A total of 47% of all monitored trees (n = 368) died by September 2020. NDVI recovered to pre‐2018 levels in 2019, likely caused by emerging broadleaved understorey species.

The 2018 hot drought had severe negative impacts on P. sylvestris. The co‐occurrence of unfavourable site‐specific conditions with recurrent severe droughts resulted in accelerated mortality. Thus, the 2018 hot drought pushed the P. sylvestris stand towards its tipping point, with a subsequent vegetation shift to a broadleaf‐dominated forest.
Comparative reproductive ecology of two sisterAsarumspecies (Aristolochiaceae) in relation to the evolution of elongated floral appendage
Authors: Takahashi D. , Sakaguchi S. , Teramine T. , Setoguchi H.
Published: July 2022

GenusAsarum(Aristolochiaceae) shows diverse floral morphology and is hypothesized to have diversified as a result of pollinator‐mediated selection. Yet most aspects of their reproductive ecology, including pollinators, remain unclear. This study focuses onA. costatumandA. minamitanianumin Japan, a sister species pair having remarkable differences in calyx lobe length (10–20 mm and 70–180 mm, respectively). The objectives of this study are to elucidate multiple aspects of reproductive ecology of these two species and obtain evolutionary insights into floral organ elongation.

We adopted combined approaches, including field observations, molecular analyses and cultivation experiments, such as pollinator observation for 3 years, fine‐scale spatial genetic analysis of 769 individuals, paternity analysis based on 566 seeds over 4 years, and control pollination experiments.

BothAsarumspecies had strong spatial genetic structures, indicating limited seed dispersal. Pollinator observation revealed that flies and ground‐dwelling insects visited flowers of both species, but that the pollinator fauna differed between the species. The visitation rate of flies was extremely low but was more than twice as high in the species with an elongated floral appendage. Paternity analysis revealedA. minamitanianumwas predominantly outcrossing, whileA. costatumshowed a wide range of selfing rates among fruits.

These twoAsarumspecies are likely adapted to fly pollination in the shady forest understorey, where available pollinator fauna is limited. In addition, although its function remains unclear, the elongated calyx lobe ofA. minamitanianumcould have evolved for effective pollen dispersal by attracting fly visitors.
The past, present, and future of retail analytics: Insights from a survey of academic research and interviews with practitioners
Authors: Rooderkerk Robert P. , DeHoratius Nicole , Musalem Andrés
Published: July 2022

We document the evolution of academic research through a bibliometric analysis of 123 retail analytics articles published in top operations management journals from 2000 to 2020. We isolate nine decision areas via manual coding that we verify using automated text analysis (topic modeling). We track variation across decision areas and method‐usage evolution per analytics type, featuring the degree to which big data (e.g., clickstream, social media, product reviews) and analytics suited for these new data sources (e.g., machine learning) are used. Our analysis reveals a rapidly growing field that is evolving in terms of content (decisions, retail sector), data, and methodology. To determine the state of practice, we interviewed global practitioners on the current use of retail analytics. These interviews shed light on the barriers and enablers of adopting advanced analytics in retail. They also highlight what sets companies on the frontier (e.g., Amazon, Alibaba, Walmart) apart from the rest. Combining the insights from our survey of academic research and interviews with practitioners, we provide directions for future academic research that take advantage of the availability of big data.
Let them stay or let them go? Online retailer pricing strategy for managing stockouts
Authors: Zhang Xingyue (Luna) , Dearden James A. , Yao Yuliang
Published: July 2022

A challenge for online retail firms is managing stockouts of products when substitutes are available. We develop a game‐theoretic model to analyze the competition between multiple‐product online firms and characterize the scenarios when they can use prices as stockout recovery mechanisms. Depending on the consumer costs of searching for unfamiliar substitute products on their sites and the consumer mismatch costs of shopping at backup compared to favorite firms, in our primary analysis, we demonstrate that the equilibrium of a pricing game can be one of three possible types: Following stockouts the firms retain their customers, the firms release their customers, or all consumers turn to one of the firms. We also examine a firm's combined use of prices and product recommender systems to manage stockouts. Results in the primary section of the analysis and a first extension combine to demonstrate a firm's strategic marketing complementarity of its prices and quality of its product recommender system. That is, when a firm uses a better product recommender system to retain consumers following stockouts, we show that it also raises prices. In our primary section, we also show that by implementing a better product recommender system, surprisingly a firm's sales may fall. However, implementing higher quality recommender systems may not be jointly optimal for the firms. In the first extension's game, depending on the cost of better product recommender systems, the firms, when choosing recommender systems, may engage in a prisoner's dilemma, where the price increase associated cannot fully compensate the implementation cost. In a second extension, we show that positively (negatively) correlated stockouts of a product between the competitors reduces (raises) each firm's profit and prices because the positive (negative) correlation reduces (raises) each consumer's expected utility of shopping experience.
Discovery of resistance to Pratylenchus neglectus among P. thornei‐resistant Iranian landrace wheats and the introgression of both resistances into advanced breeding lines
Authors: Sheedy Jason G. , Lin Jing , Thompson John P.
Published: July 2022

Root‐lesion nematodes (RLNs) Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus are globally important pathogens of cereal and pulse crops. These RLNs can occur together in farming systems and must be managed concurrently to minimize substantial yield losses in intolerant crop cultivars. Australian wheat cultivars with resistance to P. neglectus, have either the Rlnn1 resistance gene, which provides a high level of resistance but is linked with yellow flour colour that reduces cultivar marketability for bread production, or QRlnn.lrc‐2B, which provides moderate resistance. We evaluated a collection of 91 P. thornei‐resistant Iranian landrace wheats (ILWs) for their resistance to P. neglectus in four glasshouse experiments to (a) identify genotypes with resistance to both RLNs, (b) determine if any genotypes carried Rlnn1 and/or QRlnn.lrc‐2B and (c) develop ILW‐derived advanced breeding lines (ABLs) with resistance to both RLNs. A factor analytic linear mixed model (FA‐1) that explained 70% of the genetic variation, where the genetic correlations between the experiments ranged from 0.54 to 0.77, was used for the combined analysis of all experiments. Seven P. neglectus‐resistant genotypes were identified, with five that had potentially novel resistance. Subsequently, six breeding lines that were resistant to both RLNs were developed by crossing six ILWs with Australian cultivars and selecting for resistance in each generation. Both the ILWs and ABLs will be valuable genetic resources for wheat breeders to develop cultivars with dual resistance, enabling better management of mixed RLN populations with novel P. neglectus resistance that potentially is not linked with yellow flour colour.
Deep personal relationships, value, merit, and change
Authors: Hooker Brad
Published: July 2022

A paper of Roger Crisp’s four years ago contained arguments that seemed to imply that having deep personal relationships does not constitute an element of well‐being. The lesson to draw from that paper of Crisp’s, according to a recent journal article of mine, is that one’s having a deep personal relationship does constitute an element of one’s well‐being on condition that one’s affection for the other person is merited. Crisp’s paper earlier in this issue of Ratio responds to my arguments. Here I reply to new questions that Crisp poses or provokes.
Stability of the inverse scattering problem for the self‐adjoint matrix Schrödinger operator on the half line
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Chuan , Bondarenko Natalia Pavlovna
Published: July 2022

In this work, we study the inverse scattering problem for the self‐adjoint matrix Schrödinger operator on the half line. We estimate the difference of two potentials and the difference of the two unitary matrices in the boundary conditions when the two sets of scattering data are close enough (or coincide) on a finite interval, which implies the stability of the inverse scattering problem.
Market shaping: Understanding the role of non‐government actors in social care quasi‐market stewardship
Authors: Green Celia , Carey Gemma , Malbon Eleanor
Published: July 2022

As market‐based responses to social care have grown in popularity across the world, the need for good stewardship of social care quasi‐markets is increasingly becoming a concern for governments. The market stewardship literature has focused almost exclusively on the role of government and central agencies. However, non‐government actors also play an important role in shaping quasi‐markets. We examine the market stewardship activities being conducted by non‐government actors in the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), a large social care quasi‐market. Results show a wide range of non‐government actors are conducting both direct and indirect stewardship activities that are actively shaping the NDIS market. These include activities focused on both the participant side of the market such as advocacy and information provision and on the provider side such as connecting consumers with services, assisting providers with regulatory and administrative requirements and marketing for providers. We argue that for effective stewardship of the NDIS these activities need to be acknowledged and supported by central government. For this to occur we suggest development of a framework for distributed stewardship using principles of joined up government working. Such a framework could help inform stewardship actions across different personalisation quasi‐markets.
Testing for differences in chain equating
Authors: Battauz Michela
Published: July 2022

The comparability of the scores obtained in different forms of a test is certainly an essential requirement. This paper proposes a statistical test for the detection of noncomparable scores based on item response theory (IRT) methods. When the IRT model is fit separately for different forms of a test, the item parameter estimates are expressed on different measurement scales. The first step to obtain comparable scores is to convert the item parameters to a common metric using two constants, called equating coefficients. The equating coefficients can be estimated for two forms with common items, or derived through a chain of forms. The proposal of this paper is a statistical test to verify whether the scale conversions provided by the equating coefficients are as expected when the assumptions of the model are satisfied, hence leading to comparable scores. The method is illustrated through simulation studies and a real‐data example.
Moving xenotransplantation from bench to bedside: Managing infectious risk
Authors: Nellore Anoma , Walker Jeremey , Kahn Mauricio J. , Fishman Jay A.
Published: July 2022

Xenotransplantation of organs from swine in immunosuppressed human recipients poses many of the same challenges of allotransplantation relative to the risk for infection, malignancy, or graft rejection in proportion to the degree of immunosuppression and epidemiologic exposures. The unique features of xenotransplantation from pigs relative to infectious risk center on the potential for unusual organisms derived from swine causing productive infection, “xenosis” or “xenozoonosis,” in the host. Based on experience in allotransplantation, the greatest hazard is due to viruses, due to the relative lack of information regarding the behavior of these potential pathogens in humans, the absence of validated serologic and molecular assays for swine‐derived pathogens, and uncertainty regarding the efficacy of therapeutic agents for these organisms. Other known, potential pathogens (i.e., bacteria, fungi, parasites) tend to be comparable to those of humans. Concerns remain for unknown organisms in swine that may replicate in immunosuppressed humans. Clinical trials of genetically modified organs sourced from swine in immunosuppressed humans with organ failure are under development. Such trials require informed consent regarding potential infectious risks to the recipient, determination of breeding characteristics of swine, assessments of potential risks to the public and healthcare providers, consideration of ethical issues posed by this novel therapy, and defined strategies to monitor and address infectious episodes that may be encountered by healthcare teams. Clinical trials in xenotransplantation will allow improved definition of potential infectious risks.
Preparing small‐dose red cell concentrates (RCCs) for neonatal and pediatric transfusions: Impact of RCC volume, storage, and irradiation
Authors: Olafson Carly , William Nishaka , Howell Anita , Beaudin Lynnette , Gill Balkar , Clarke Gwen , Stephens Stephanie , Lopes‐Carvalho Dora , Lane Debra , Schubert Peter , McTaggart Ken , Acker Jason P.
Published: July 2022

Background

Preparing small‐dose red cell concentrates (RCCs) is a common practice for pediatric and neonatal transfusions. However, there is a lack of quality monitoring data to indicate that both the preparation and storage of small‐dose RCCs does not alter in vitro red cell quality. The present study seeks to provide data to support this practice.

Materials and methods

To evaluate quality of stored small aliquots, six ABO/Rh matched leukoreduced citrate phosphate‐dextrose/saline‐adenine‐glucose‐mannitol (LR CPD/SAGM) RCCs were pooled and split into 30 ml aliquots, 80 ml aliquots, and a standard 290 ml unit, with testing performed for up to 43 days post‐collection. To evaluate the impact of irradiation on small‐dose RCC preparation, a total of 48 independent LR CPD/SAGM RCCs were used (non‐irradiated: n = 24; irradiated: n = 24). Aliquoting with/without irradiation was performed within 7 days of collection and baseline testing was performed within 24 h of aliquot production.

Results

Limited variability in hemolysis, mean cell volume, and extracellular potassium concentrations were seen between the different aliquot sizes throughout the 43‐day storage period. Aliquot production did not accentuate damage based on any of these tested parameters in both the non‐irradiated and irradiated subsets. A significant increase was seen in the potassium concentrations in the irradiated parent and aliquot samples relative to their non‐irradiated counterparts.

Conclusions

Non‐irradiated small‐aliquot dose RCCs meet in vitro quality criteria required for safe transfusion throughout the 42‐day storage period. The same can be said for aliquots derived from irradiated units and tested within 24 h of aliquot production.