bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cellulose-based chiral fluorescent sensor for aromatic nitro compounds with central, axial and planar chirality
Authors: Ikai Tomoyuki , Suzuki Daisuke , Shinohara Ken-ichi , Maeda Katsuhiro , Kanoh Shigeyoshi
Published: March 2017

This is the first example of a powerful chiral fluorescent sensor applicable to a wide range of chiral compounds with central, axial and planar chirality.
Engineering the surface charge states of nanostructures for enhanced catalytic performance
Authors: Bai Yu , Huang Hao , Wang Chengming , Long Ran , Xiong Yujie
Published: March 2017

This review outlines recent progress in the design of catalytic materials for tailoring surface charge states toward enhanced catalytic performance.
Chemoselective acyl C–O bond activation in esters for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling
Authors: Mondal Manoj , Begum Tahshina , Bora Utpal
Published: March 2017

The use of palladium–NHC (bulky) catalyst enables selective acylative coupling in esters via blocking the potential C(aryl)–O oxidative addition and decarbonylation processes. Mechanistic studies elucidate the role of bulky carbene catalysts in promoting C(acyl)–O activation, and as a result, the acyl metal intermediates undergo coupling without the loss of carbonyl group.
Highly enantioselective nitro-Mannich reaction of ketimines under phase-transfer catalysis
Authors: Wang Bin , Xu Tong , Zhu Lei , Lan Yu , Wang Jingdong , Lu Ning , Wei Zhonglin , Lin Yingjie , Duan Haifeng
Published: March 2017

A novel bifunctional phase-transfer catalyst 1i was found to be highly efficient for the nitro-Mannich reaction of unactivated ketone-derived imines with the introduction of the protecting group 6-methyl-2-pyridylsulfonyl to the ketimines. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are also performed to give the possible transition-state model.
Metabolomic applications in hepatocellular carcinoma: toward the exploration of therapeutics and diagnosis through small molecules
Authors: Xie Jing , Zhang Aihua , Wang Xijun
Published: March 2017

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a complex public health issue that is the most common primary hepatic malignancy, remains the highest incidence in developing countries and is showing sustained growth across the developed world.
Evaluating the performance of MoS2 based materials for corrosion protection of mild steel in an aggressive chloride environment
Authors: ArunKumar S. , Jegathish V. , Soundharya R. , JesyAlka M. , Arul C. , Sathyanarayanan S. , Mayavan Sundar
Published: March 2017

The incorporation of Fe, Co, and Ni ions resulted in an appreciable increase in the corrosion resistance properties of MoS2.
Perfect symmetrical cyclic aromatic trimer motif in tripodal molecule
Authors: Sathiyashivan Shankar Deval , Kumar Chakka Kiran , Shankar Bhaskaran , Sathiyendiran Malaichamy , Masram Dhanraj T.
Published: March 2017

A family of substituted benzimidazolyl-based tripodal molecules with alkyl substituted spacers was synthesized, showing perfect symmetric cyclic aromatic trimer motifs which remained intact in the solid as well as solution state.
1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium 4-organyloxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyltrifluoroborates as a new platform for ionic liquids with specific properties
Authors: Prikhod'ko Sergey A. , Shabalin Anton Yu. , Bardin Vadim V. , Eltsov Ilia V. , Shundrina Inna K. , Parmon Valentin N. , Adonin Nicolay Yu.
Published: March 2017

A new synthetic platform for ionic liquids (ILs) with specific properties was suggested based on the polyfluorophenyltrifluoroborate anions, Q[4-XC6F4BF3] (X = F, RO).
Hybrid flavan–flavanones from Friesodielsia desmoides and their inhibitory activities against nitric oxide production
Authors: Meesakul Pornphimol , Pudhom Khanitha , Pyne Stephen G. , Laphookhieo Surat
Published: March 2017

The first phytochemical investigation ofFriesodielsia desmoidesleaves and twigs led to the isolation and identification of three new hybrid flavan–flavanones, friesodielsones A–C (1–3), together with 18 known compounds (4–21).
Further correction: Synthesis and characterization of TPGS–gemcitabine prodrug micelles for pancreatic cancer therapy
Authors: Khare Vaibhav , Sakarchi Wejdan Al. , Gupta Prem N. , Curtis Anthony D. M. , Hoskins Clare
Published: March 2017

Further correction for ‘Synthesis and characterization of TPGS–gemcitabine prodrug micelles for pancreatic cancer therapy’ by Vaibhav Khare et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 60126–60137.
Dynamic, structural and thermodynamic basis of insulin-like growth factor 1 kinase allostery mediated by activation loop phosphorylation
Authors: Li Yaozong , Nam Kwangho
Published: March 2017

Despite the importance of kinases' catalytic activity regulation in cell signaling, detailed mechanisms underlying their activity regulation are poorly understood.
Divergent reactivities in fluoronation of allylic alcohols: synthesis of Z-fluoroalkenes via carbon–carbon bond cleavage
Authors: Liu Tang-Lin , Wu Ji’En , Zhao Yu
Published: March 2017

A conceptually new transformation of allylic alcohols toZ-fluoroalkenes was realized through the cleavage of a non-activated carbon–carbon bond..
Fabrication of CuInS2photocathodes on carbon microfiber felt by arc plasma deposition for efficient water splitting under visible light
Authors: Homura Hiroya , Tomita Osamu , Higashi Masanobu , Abe Ryu
Published: March 2017

An efficient CuInS2photocathode was fabricated on conductive carbon microfiber felt (CMF), which comprises a three-dimensional (3D) network of carbon fibers (CFs), by the sequential deposition of metal precursors (Cu and In) and subsequent annealing under a stream of diluted H2S.
Effect of anodization time on photovoltaic properties of nanoporous silicon based solar cells
Authors: Shiraz Hamid Ghorbani
Published: March 2017

This study describes the fabrication and optimization procedure of porous silicon-based solar cells.
Recent progress in layered metal dichalcogenide nanostructures as electrodes for high-performance sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Kang Wenpei , Wang Yuyu , Xu Jun
Published: March 2017

The sodium storage performance of layered metal dichalcogenide anodes enhanced through nanostructure engineering, crystal structure modulation, doping/alloying and composite design is systematically reviewed.
Hierarchical porous C/MnO2 composite hollow microspheres with enhanced supercapacitor performance
Authors: Liu Tao , Jiang Chuanjia , You Wei , Yu Jiaguo
Published: March 2017

Hierarchical porous C/MnO2 composite hollow microspheres exhibited excellent electrochemical performance for use as a supercapacitor electrode.
Incorporation of a Pd catalyst at the fuel electrode of a thin-film-based solid oxide cell by multi-layer deposition and its impact on low-temperature co-electrolysis
Authors: Thieu Cam-Anh , Hong Jongsup , Kim Hyoungchul , Yoon Kyung Joong , Lee Jong-Ho , Kim Byung-Kook , Son Ji-Won
Published: March 2017

To reveal the reaction mechanism of low-temperature co-electrolysis (LT-Co-EC), insertion of Pd into the Ni–YSZ fuel electrode functional layer by multi-layer thin film deposition was studied.
3D robocasting magnesium-doped wollastonite/TCP bioceramic scaffolds with improved bone regeneration capacity in critical sized calvarial defects
Authors: Shao Huifeng , Liu An , Ke Xiurong , Sun Miao , He Yong , Yang Xianyan , Fu Jianzhong , Zhang Lei , Yang Guojing , Liu Yanming , Xu Sanzhong , Gou Zhongru
Published: March 2017

3D robocasting of CSi-Mg10/TCP15 bioceramic scaffolds with high bone regeneration capacity in rabbit calvarial defects were realized for tissue engineering applications.
Study of Au coated ZnO nanoarrays for surface enhanced Raman scattering chemical sensing
Authors: Barbillon Grégory , Sandana Vinod E. , Humbert Christophe , Bélier Benoit , Rogers David J. , Teherani Ferechteh H. , Bove Philippe , McClintock Ryan , Razeghi Manijeh
Published: March 2017

The SERS yield of Au/ZnO nanoarrays used as chemical sensors is monitored through growth deposition parameters on silicon and sapphire.
A tunable and sizable bandgap of a g-C3N4/graphene/g-C3N4 sandwich heterostructure: a van der Waals density functional study
Authors: Dong M. M. , He C. , Zhang W. X.
Published: March 2017

Uniaxial strain can effectively tune the electronic properties of a g-C3N4/SLG/g-C3N4 sandwich heterostructure.
Can we observe neutrino flares in coincidence with explosive transients?
Authors: Guépin Claire , Kotera Kumiko
Published: March 2017

The new generation of powerful instruments is reaching sensitivities and temporal resolutions that will allow multi-messenger astronomy of explosive transient phenomena, with high-energy neutrinos as a central figure. We derive general criteria for the detectability of neutrinos from powerful transient sources for given instrument sensitivities. In practice, we provide the minimum photon flux necessary for neutrino detection based on two main observables: the bolometric luminosity and the time variability of the emission. This limit can be compared to the observations in specified wavelengths in order to target the most promising sources for follow-ups. Our criteria can also help distinguishing false associations of neutrino events with a flaring source. We find that relativistic transient sources such as high- and low-luminosity gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), blazar flares, tidal disruption events, and magnetar flares could be observed with IceCube, as they have a good chance to occur within a detectable distance. Of the nonrelativistic transient sources, only luminous supernovae appear as promising candidates. We caution that our criterion should not be directly applied to low-luminosity GRBs and type Ibc supernovae, as these objects could have hosted a choked GRB, leading to neutrino emission without a relevant counterpart radiation. We treat a set of concrete examples and show that several transients, some of which are being monitored by IceCube, are far from meeting the criterion for detectability (e.g., Crab flares or Swift J1644+57).
Locoregional Therapy for Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Arellano Ronald , Frenk Nathan
Published: March 2017

Cholangiocarcinoma represents the second most common primary hepatic malignancy and carries an overall poor prognosis. While surgical resection offers the only chances for cure, few patients are surgical candidates at the time of diagnosis. Chemotherapeutic treatment with gemcitabine and cisplatin is the standard chemotherapeutic regimen, but this offers only marginal overall survival benefits. With advances in minimally invasive techniques in the past decade, locoregional therapies with thermal ablation and transarterial techniques are increasingly being investigated as treatment options. This review explores emerging technologies and their potential role in treating cholangiocarcinoma.
Manipulation of three-dimensional Richtmyer-Meshkov instability by initial interfacial principal curvatures
Authors: Guan Ben , Zhai Zhigang , Si Ting , Lu Xiyun , Luo Xisheng
Published: March 2017

The characteristics of three-dimensional (3D) Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI) in the early stages are studied numerically. By designing 3D interfaces that initially possess various identical and opposite principal curvature combinations, the growth rate of perturbations can be effectively manipulated. The weighted essentially nonoscillatory scheme and the level set method combined with the real ghost fluid method are used to simulate the flow. The results indicate that the interface development and the shock propagation in 3D cases are much more complicated than those in 2D case, and the evolution of 3D interfaces is heavily dependent on the initial interfacial principal curvatures. The 3D structure of wave patterns induces high pressure zones in the flow field, and the pressure oscillations change the local instabilities of interfaces. In the linear stages, the perturbation growth rate follows regularity as the interfacial principal curvatures vary, which is further predicted by the stability theory of 2D and 3D interfaces. It is also found that hysteresis effects exist at the onset of the linear stages in the 3D case for the same initial perturbations as the 2D case, resulting in different evolutions of 3D RMI in the nonlinear stages.
Pulling angle-dependent force microscopy
Authors: Grebíková L. , Gojzewski H. , Kieviet B. D. , Klein Gunnewiek M. , Vancso G. J.
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we describe a method allowing one to perform three-dimensional displacement control in force spectroscopy by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Traditionally, AFM force curves are measured in the normal direction of the contacted surface. The method described can be employed to address not only the magnitude of the measured force but also its direction. We demonstrate the technique using a case study of angle-dependent desorption of a single poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) chain from a planar silica surface in an aqueous solution. The chains were end-grafted from the AFM tip in high dilution, enabling single macromolecule pull experiments. Our experiments give evidence of angular dependence of the desorption force of single polymer chains and illustrate the added value of introducing force direction control in AFM.
Energy transfer in multi-collision environments; an experimental test of theory: LiH (10;2) in H2(0;0)
Authors: Shen Xiaoyan , Wang Shuyin , Dai Kang , Shen Yifan , McCaffery Anthony J.
Published: March 2017

We report separate experimental and theoretical studies of the equilibration of highly excited LiH (v = 10; J = 2) in H2 at 680 K. Experiments that follow the time evolution of state-to-state population transfer in multi-collision conditions with μs resolution were carried out by Shen and co-workers at Xinjiang University and East China Institute of Science and Technology. At the same time, theoretical computations on the relaxation of this gas mixture were undertaken by McCaffery and co-workers at Sussex University. Rapid, near-resonant, vibration-vibration energy exchange is a marked feature of the initial relaxation process. However, at later stages of ensemble evolution, slower vibration-rotation transfer forms the dominant relaxation mechanism. The physics of the decay process are complex and, as demonstrated experimentally here, a single exponential expression is unlikely to capture the form of this decay with any accuracy. When these separate studies were complete, the evolution of modal temperatures from the Sussex calculations was compared with experimental measurements of these same quantities from Shanghai and Urumqi. The two sets of data were marked by their near identity, within experimental and computational error, representing an experimental validation of the theoretical/computational model developed by the Sussex group and a significant experimental advancement by the group of Shen et al.
Unexpected behavior of ultra-thin films of blends of polystyrene/poly(vinyl methyl ether) studied by specific heat spectroscopy
Authors: Madkour Sherif , Szymoniak Paulina , Schick Christoph , Schönhals Andreas
Published: March 2017

Specific heat spectroscopy (SHS) employing AC nanochip calorimetry was used to investigate the glassy dynamics of ultra-thin films (thicknesses: 10 nm–340 nm) of a polymer blend, which is miscible in the bulk. In detail, a Poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME)/Polystyrene (PS) blend with the composition of 25/75 wt. % was studied. The film thickness was controlled by ellipsometry while the film topography was checked by atomic force microscopy. The results are discussed in the framework of the balance between an adsorbed and a free surface layer on the glassy dynamics. By a self-assembling process, a layer with a reduced mobility is irreversibly adsorbed at the polymer/substrate interface. This layer is discussed employing two different scenarios. In the first approach, it is assumed that a PS-rich layer is adsorbed at the substrate. Whereas in the second approach, a PVME-rich layer is suggested to be formed at the SiO2 substrate. Further, due to the lower surface tension of PVME, with respect to air, a nanometer thick PVME-rich surface layer, with higher molecular mobility, is formed at the polymer/air interface. By measuring the glassy dynamics of the thin films of PVME/PS in dependence on the film thickness, it was shown that down to 30 nm thicknesses, the dynamic Tg of the whole film was strongly influenced by the adsorbed layer yielding a systematic increase in the dynamic Tg with decreasing the film thickness. However, at a thickness of ca. 30 nm, the influence of the mobile surface layer becomes more pronounced. This results in a systematic decrease in Tg with the further decrease of the film thickness, below 30 nm. These results were discussed with respect to thin films of PVME/PS blend with a composition of 50/50 wt. % as well as literature results.
On the control of the chaotic attractors of the 2-d Navier-Stokes equations
Authors: Smaoui Nejib , Zribi Mohamed
Published: March 2017

The control problem of the chaotic attractors of the two dimensional (2-d) Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations is addressed in this paper. First, the Fourier Galerkin method based on a reduced-order modelling approach developed by Chen and Price is applied to the 2-d N-S equations to construct a fifth-order system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The dynamics of the fifth-order system was studied by analyzing the system's attractor for different values of Reynolds number, Re. Then, control laws are proposed to drive the states of the ODE system to a desired attractor. Finally, an adaptive controller is designed to synchronize two reduced order ODE models having different Reynolds numbers and starting from different initial conditions. Simulation results indicate that the proposed control schemes work well.
Phonon features in terahertz photoconductivity spectra due to data analysis artifact: A case study on organometallic halide perovskites
Authors: La-o-vorakiat Chan , Cheng Liang , Salim Teddy , Marcus Rudolph A. , Michel-Beyerle Maria-Elisabeth , Lam Yeng Ming , Chia Elbert E. M.
Published: March 2017

We propose a simple scenario where the superimposed phonon modes on the photoconductive spectra are experimental artifacts due to the invalid formula used in data analysis. By use of experimental and simulated data of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites as a case study, we demonstrate that a correction term must be included in the approximated thin-film formula used in the literature; otherwise, parts of the spectra with high background permittivity near the phonon-mode resonances might interfere with the transient photoconductivity. The implication of this work is not limited to perovskites but other materials with strong vibrational modes within the THz spectral range.
Temperature and field-dependent transport measurements in continuously tunable tantalum oxide memristors expose the dominant state variable
Authors: Graves Catherine E. , Dávila Noraica , Merced-Grafals Emmanuelle J. , Lam Si-Ty , Strachan John Paul , Williams R. Stanley
Published: March 2017

Applications of memristor devices are quickly moving beyond computer memory to areas of analog and neuromorphic computation. These applications require the design of devices with different characteristics from binary memory, such as a large tunable range of conductance. A complete understanding of the conduction mechanisms and their corresponding state variable(s) is crucial for optimizing performance and designs in these applications. Here we present measurements of low bias I–V characteristics of 6 states in a Ta/ tantalum-oxide (TaOx)/Pt memristor spanning over 2 orders of magnitude in conductance and temperatures from 100 K to 500 K. Our measurements show that the 300 K device conduction is dominated by a temperature-insensitive current that varies with non-volatile memristor state, with an additional leakage contribution from a thermally-activated current channel that is nearly independent of the memristor state. We interpret these results with a parallel conduction model of Mott hopping and Schottky emission channels, fitting the voltage and temperature dependent experimental data for all memristor states with only two free parameters. The memristor conductance is linearly correlated with N, the density of electrons near EF participating in the Mott hopping conduction, revealing N to be the dominant state variable for low bias conduction in this system. Finally, we show that the Mott hopping sites can be ascribed to oxygen vacancies, where the local oxygen vacancy density responsible for critical hopping pathways controls the memristor conductance.
Broad band nonlinear optical absorption measurements of the laser dye IR26 using white light continuum Z-scan
Authors: Dey Soumyodeep , Bongu Sudhakara Reddy , Bisht Prem Ballabh
Published: March 2017

We study the nonlinear optical response of a standard dye IR26 using the Z-scan technique, but with the white light continuum. The continuum source of wavelength from 450 nm to 1650 nm has been generated from the photonic crystal fiber on pumping with 772 nm of Ti:Sapphire oscillator. The use of broadband incident pulse enables us to probe saturable absorption (SA) and reverse saturable absorption (RSA) over the large spectral range with a single Z-scan measurement. The system shows SA in the resonant region while it turns to RSA in the non-resonant regions. The low saturation intensity of the dye can be explained based on the simultaneous excitation from ground states to various higher energy levels with the help of composite energy level diagram. The cumulative effects of excited state absorption and thermal induced nonlinear optical effects are responsible for the observed RSA.
Direct synthesis of antimicrobial coatings based on tailored bi-elemental nanoparticles
Authors: Benetti Giulio , Cavaliere Emanuele , Canteri Adalberto , Landini Giulia , Rossolini Gian Maria , Pallecchi Lucia , Chiodi Mirco , Van Bael Margriet J. , Winckelmans Naomi , Bals Sara , Gavioli Luca
Published: March 2017

Ultrathin coatings based on bi-elemental nanoparticles (NPs) are very promising to limit the surface-related spread of bacterial pathogens, particularly in nosocomial environments. However, tailoring the synthesis, composition, adhesion to substrate, and antimicrobial spectrum of the coating is an open challenge. Herein, we report on a radically new nanostructured coating, obtained by a one-step gas-phase deposition technique, and composed of bi-elemental Janus type Ag/Ti NPs. The NPs are characterized by a cluster-in-cluster mixing phase with metallic Ag nano-crystals embedded in amorphous TiO2 and present a promising antimicrobial activity including also multidrug resistant strains. We demonstrate the flexibility of the method to tune the embedded Ag nano-crystals dimension, the total relative composition of the coating, and the substrate type, opening the possibility of tailoring the dimension, composition, antimicrobial spectrum, and other physical/chemical properties of such multi-elemental systems. This work is expected to significantly spread the range of applications of NPs coatings, not only as an effective tool in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections but also in other technologically relevant fields like sensors or nano-/micro joining.
Metallic nanoparticle-based strain sensors elaborated by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Puyoo E. , Malhaire C. , Thomas D. , Rafaël R. , R'Mili M. , Malchère A. , Roiban L. , Koneti S. , Bugnet M. , Sabac A. , Le Berre M.
Published: March 2017

Platinum nanoparticle-based strain gauges are elaborated by means of atomic layer deposition on flexible polyimide substrates. Their electro-mechanical response is tested under mechanical bending in both buckling and conformational contact configurations. A maximum gauge factor of 70 is reached at a strain level of 0.5%. Although the exponential dependence of the gauge resistance on strain is attributed to the tunneling effect, it is shown that the majority of the junctions between adjacent Pt nanoparticles are in a short circuit state. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of an all-plastic pressure sensor integrating Pt nanoparticle-based strain gauges in a Wheatstone bridge configuration.
Electrical conductivity enhancement in thermoplastic polyurethane-graphene nanoplatelet composites by stretch-release cycles
Authors: Cataldi Pietro , Ceseracciu Luca , Marras Sergio , Athanassiou Athanassia , Bayer Ilker S.
Published: March 2017

This study shows that electrical conductivity and elastic modulus of conductive thermoplastic elastomers containing graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) can be significantly enhanced by exposing them to stretch-release cycles, without exceeding 20% of the maximum strain. Although no alignment of GnPs in any specific direction was detected, this enhancement was found to occur due to redistribution of the GnPs within the polymer matrix undergoing repeated stretch-release cycles. Up to 60% of reduction in electrical resistance and 30% enhancement in elastic modulus were measured for certain nanocomposites at the end of 1000 cycles. Processing of such GnP nanocomposites with stretch-release cycles could constitute an innovative approach to enhance their electrical and mechanical properties.
Reconfigurable conversions of reflection, transmission, and polarization states using active metasurface
Authors: Tao Zui , Wan Xiang , Pan Bai Cao , Cui Tie Jun
Published: March 2017

Metasurfaces have shown powerful abilities in controlling the reflections, transmissions, and polarizations of lights or electromagnetic (EM) waves, independently. Here, we propose a single active metasurface to achieve reconfigurable EM-wave transmissions and reflections, and simultaneously cross-linearized polarization conversions. The active metasurface contains two metallic layers and a middle dielectric layer. The top metallic layer is composed of periodic metallic short wires, which are designed to convert the polarization. PIN diodes are embedded on the bottom metallic layer to switch the polarization and transmission-reflection conversions. When the PIN diode is turned off, the linearly polarized incident waves are transmitted through the metasurface with almost perfect polarization rotation to its orthogonal direction; when the PIN diode is turned on, however, the metasurface will reflect the incident waves with the same linear polarization. Both numerical simulations and experimental results show good reconfigurable performance of the proposed active metasurface.
A theoretical investigation of the isomers of diazomethane (CH2N2). I. Geometry, bonding, and chemical reactivity
Authors: Hart BT
Published: March 2017

A searching theoretical
investigation has been carried out on the five structural isomers of
diazomethane, CH2N2; the isomers are diazomethane,
cyanamide, isocyanamide, nitrilimine, and carbodiimide. The non- empirically
calculated structures for the latter three compounds are the first to be
reported. ��� Use has been made of localized exclusive
orbitals to help explain the bonding and electronic structure in this series of
molecules. ��� In addition, interesting use has been made
of electrostatic potential maps in assessing positions of high nucleophilicity
in each isomer. This information has allowed mechanistic pathways to be
postulated for the protonation of diazomethane and cyanamide and for the
production of isocyanamide from diazomethane.
Fluorescence decay of aromatic vapours. I. The isolated phenanthrene molecule
Authors: Knight AEW , Selinger BK
Published: March 2017

The fluorescence decay of
phenanthrene has been studied under collision-free conditions in the vapour.
Lifetimes have been determined using moderate optical resolution of the
exciting light to selectively excite various regions of the absorption spectrum.
The lifetime was found to depend on excitation energy. A deuterium isotope
effect was also observed.
Organomercury Compounds. XVI. Thermal decomposition reactions of mercuric arenesulphonate dihydrates
Authors: Cookson PG , Deacon GB
Published: March 2017

Thermal decomposition of the mercuric arenesulphonate dihydrates Hg(03SR)2,-
2H20 (R = C6X5, p-HC6X4, or m-HC6C14; X = C1 or F) at c. 130-240" gave the
corresponding diarylmercurials, the polyhalogenobenzenes RH, and sulphur trioxide
(or sulphuric acid) in all cases, together with RS03H (R = C6F5 or p-HC6F4),
and p-(p-HC6F4S03Hg),C6F4. By contrast, decomposition of Hg(03SR)2,2H20
(R = m-HC6F4 or o-HC6X4) gave the corresponding (-HgC6X4S03-), derivatives,
sulphonic acids, polyhalogenobenzenes, and sulphur trioxide in all cases, together with
m-HC6F4HgO3S-m-HC6F4 and o-(o-HC~C~~SOJH~),C~C~~. The compounds
RHg03SR (R = C6C15, isolated as the monopyridinate, or p-HC6C14) were obtained
from decomposition of the appropriate mercuric sulphonates at c. 165'. Identities of
(-HgC6X4S03-), derivatives were established mainly by cleavage with triiodide ions in
N,N-dimethylformamide giving the salts M(IC6X,S03) (M = Na or S-benzylthiouron-
ium), and of (HC6X4S03Hg)2C6X4 derivatives by similar degradation giving 12C6X4
and M(HC6X4S03) (M = Na or Ph4As). Similar degradation of C6C15Hg03SC6C15,py,
p-HC6Cl,Hg03S-p-HC6C14, and the known mercurials C6C15HgCl, (p-HC6C14),Hg,
and (0-HC6C14),Hg gave the corresponding iodopolychlorobenzenes. The mercurated
derivative (-o-H~C,F~SO~-)~ gave (-0-HgCsF4-)3 on thermal decomposition, and
crystallization from water yielded ( - o - H ~ C ~ F ~ S ~ ~ - ) , , ~ ~ H ~ ~ , which was converted into
(Ph4As)(o-C1HgC6F4S03) by tetraphenylarsonium chloride.
The mercuric sulphonates were prepared from mercuric acetate and the appro-
priate sulphonic acids in acetic acid (X = C1) or water (X = F). Sulphonic acids,
obtained by sulphonation reactions, were characterized as the dihydrates and in some
cases sodium salts (polychloro derivatives) or as barium and tetraphenylarsonium salts
(tetrafluoro derivatives).
Halogenated terpernoids. VI. Rearrangements during the bromination of bromomenthanes
Authors: Carman RM , Venzke BN
Published: March 2017

Rearrangements which occur
when some halogenated p-menthanes are further brominated are discussed in terms
of the possibility of bridged bromine radicals as intermediates.
Substituted carbonyl derivatives of the Group VI transition metals. IV. Reactions of some arene-metal tricarbonyls with Triaryl-phosphine and -arsine ligands
Authors: Bowden JA , Colton R , Commons CJ
Published: March 2017

The reactions of
triphenylphosphine and triphenylarsine with (π- arene)M(CO)3 (M
= Cr, Mo, W) to yield fac-M(CO)3(RPh3)3 (R =
P, As) have been reexamined. Anomalies in the earlier literature have been
resolved by the isolation of two solid state forms of each complex and by a
study of the decomposition products of these compounds. Tricarbonyl complexes
of tritolyl-phosphines and -arsines are also reported and their behaviour
suggests steric effects initiate decomposition. In addition, a number of
(π-arene)M(CO)3 compounds were shown to react with carbon
monoxide to form M(CO)6.
The development of confirmation/agreement markers away from the RP in Japanese
Authors: Higashiizumi Yuko
Published: March 2017

In present-day colloquial Japanese,daro(o)/desho(o), the conjectural forms of the copulas that are agglutinated to at the right periphery (RP) of the clause, are detached from the clause and are used as the stand-alone confirmation/agreement markers. This paper explores the developmental pathway from the RPdaro(o)/desho(o)to the stand-alone discourse-pragmatic items, addressing how they serve “exchange structure” and “action structure”-related functions in Schiffrin’s (1987) model of discourse coherence. Evidence from corpus studies of these items in the early 1900s and in present-day Japanese suggest that the stand-alone uses developed from their uses at the RP through the anaphor. This paper provides further evidence for Onodera’s (2014, and elsewhere) suggestion that discourse-pragmatic items tend to be recruited from the RP items in the history of Japanese.
Structures for plurals
Authors: Acquaviva Paolo
Published: March 2017

This paper presents a hypothesis about the innermost structure of noun phrases, which aims at explaining the interaction of number and countability in nouns. This is based on a constructionist approach which views nouns as substructures of the noun phrase, and word formation and inflection as the morphological spellout of structures assembled and interpreted at an abstract syntactic level. It argues that nouns fundamentally identify entity types, and the rest of the DP specifies their denotation in part-structural and quantificational terms. This provides the framework for a new unified analysis of nouns likefurniture, waters, andcontents, where number and countability interact in a non-canonical way, which accounts for their morphology and their semantics.
Lexical plurals in Telugu
Authors: Smith Peter W.
Published: March 2017

In this paper I provide a description and analysis of a small class of plural mass nouns in Telugu (Dravidian), as well as an overview of the major properties of the mass/count distinction in the language. The plural mass nouns show the semantic behaviour of mass nouns in Telugu, however, they show the morphosyntactic behaviour of count nouns. I provide an analysis whereby the plurality is inherent to the roots, and it is this inherent plurality interacting with other properties of the morphosyntax of Telugu that makes these nouns appear to be count on the surface, though in reality they are mass nouns.
Les pluriels lexicaux dits « massifs » face au conditionneur universel
Authors: Lauwers Peter
Published: March 2017

Cette contribution s’intéresse aux pluriels lexicaux en français. Elle montre que les pluriels lexicaux sont toujours dans la portée de dérivations ultérieures qui restaurent le statut [+ comptable], comme cela ressort notamment de la présence de déterminants indéfinis fortement individualisants. Ces transferts s’avèrent reproduire certains transferts classiques entre massif et comptable comme le trieur et le conditionneur universels. Ce dernier donne lieu à différents effets de sens d’après la nature du nom qui sert d’input : délimitation dans l’espace tridimensionnel, délimitation temporelle, délimitation globale d’événements et d’objets complexes et conditionnement qualitatif. Dans certains cas, le transfert aboutit à la réfection du singulier au sein d’une nouvelle opposition grammaticale. Des opérations « au-delà » du pluriel massif confirment à la fois la pertinence structurelle de la classe des pluriels massifs et leur statut proprement massif (massif étant conçu ici à la fois comme ‘dense’ et ‘compact’).
Collectives, object mass nouns and individual count nouns
Authors: Mihatsch Wiltrud
Published: March 2017

Mass superordinates such asclothing, clothesandfurnitureform a distinct and peculiar class of nouns in languages with an obligatory singular/plural distinction. These nouns often havepluralia-tantumvariants as well as count equivalents – both within one linguistic system as well as cross-linguistically. This study is a follow-up of my earlier analysis of Romance superordinates (Mihatsch, 2006). The data are taken from English, German, French and Spanish in order to demonstrate the striking cross-linguistic pattern. The highly variable Spanishropa(s)‘clothing/clothes’ is analysed in greater detail. I argue that in most cases the apparently unsystematic synchronic variants arise from partly unidirectional diachronic changes, namely a lexicalisation process leading from collective nouns to object mass nouns, often followed by the appearance of plural forms, which oscillate between a lexical and an inflectional plural.
The capricious evolution of the indefinite plural articleunsand its relationship with lexical plurality in medieval French
Authors: Carlier Anne
Published: March 2017

The indefinite plural articleunsin medieval French conjoins the features of unity and plurality. Because of its grammatical nature,unsis not restricted to lexical plurals, but combines in a productive way to nouns having a regular singular-plural alternation in order to create a complex referent not reducible to the sum of its components. Moreover,unsexpresses not only quantitative unity ‘one single N’, but also qualitative unity ‘one same N’ and is not linked to lexical plurality in the latter case. Since its features of unity and plurality are considered as incompatible, plural indefinite articles have been assumed to emerge in an advanced stage of grammaticalization, when the numeral source meaning is bleached out, and to be not viable over time. Both hypotheses were invalidated in the present study.
Lexical plurals through meronymy and hyperonymy
Authors: Lammert Marie
Published: March 2017

This study uses meronymy and hyperonymy as semantic criteria applied to French collective nouns (CollNs) and lexical plural nouns (LPNs) in the issue of noun classification. After having outlined the semantic properties of CollNs and explained their links with meronymy and hyperonymy, LPNs are tested in different glosses related to these two relationships. These tests outline that CollNs and LPNs form two kinds of nouns that could hardly converge. They also enlighten the way the different subclasses of LPNs match with meronymy and hyperonymy.
Lexical plurals for aggregates of discrete entities in English
Authors: Gardelle Laure
Published: March 2017

This paper studies why, for a plurality of discrete entities, a non-count plural might be preferred over a count noun or a non-count singular. Building partly onWierzbicka (1985,1988), it proposes two parameters: semantics, but also morphology. With lexical plurals, the items are construed as being of different kinds (vs. count nouns) and the focus is on the plurality of items rather than on a common purpose (vs. non-count singulars). For morphology, the notion of ‘attractor’ is proposed for some patterns which partly motivate the [±count] and number features. A collateral finding is that the plural of lexical plurals can be unstable: some nouns ending with -s undergo reanalysis as morphological plurals, while Latin plurals tend to be reanalysed as singulars. It is suggested that this trend confirms the semantic values of singular and plural numbers, as well as the influence of the morphological parameter on number and construal.
Les noms déverbaux
Authors: Knittel Marie Laurence
Published: March 2017

Cette étude porte sur les noms déverbaux d’événement à emploi pluriel majoritaire, et vise à déterminer si cette classe de noms présente des pluriels lexicaux (au sens de Acquaviva,2008). Nous montrons, à la suite d’une étude sur le corpus du FrWac, que l’emploi pluriel majoritaire ne relève pas toujours de ce facteur. Toutefois, lorsque des pluriels lexicaux sont attestés, ils relèvent de plusieurs paramètres ; lorsque les noms sont performatifs, ils peuvent fonctionner comme despluralia tantum. Pour les noms désignant des événements, la pluriactionnalité interne, lorsqu’elle n’est pas marquée formellement, est un facteur déterminant. Pour ceux qui n’en désignent pas, la pluralité lexicale est liée au fait que, comme généralement, les noms désignent des ensembles d’entités peu individuées.
Articulatory plurality is a property of lexical plurals in sign language
Authors: Börstell Carl , Lepic Ryan , Belsitzman Gal
Published: March 2017

Sign languages make use of paired articulators (the two hands), hence manual signs may be either one- or two-handed. Although two-handedness has previously been regarded a purely formal feature, studies have argued morphologically two-handed forms are associated with some types of inflectional plurality. Moreover, recent studies across sign languages have demonstrated that even lexically two-handed signs share certain semantic properties. In this study, we investigate lexically plural concepts in ten different sign languages, distributed across five sign language families, and demonstrate that such concepts are preferentially represented with two-handed forms, across all the languages in our sample. We argue that this is because the signed modality with its paired articulators enables the languages to iconically represent conceptually plural meanings.
Validating judgments of perspective embedding
Authors: Whalen D. H. , Zunshine Lisa , Ender Evelyne , Kelbert Eugenia , Tougaw Jason , Barsky Robert F. , Steiner Peter , Holquist Michael
Published: March 2017

Previous work (Whalen, Zunshine, & Holquist, 2012) has shown that perspective embedding ("she thought I left" embedding her perspective on "I left") affects reading times for short vignettes. With increasing levels of embedment 1–5, reading times rose almost linearly. Level 0 was as slow as 3–4. Embedment level was determined by the authors, but validation by others is desirable. In Experiment 1, we trained 12 literature students to make embedment judgments. Their judgments correlated highly with ours (.94 on average) and agreed exactly in the majority of cases (74.5%); almost all were within one (94.2%). In Experiment 2, judgments of the first three paragraphs of "To Kill a Mockingbird" (Lee, 1960) yielded a lower level of agreement; literature uses subtle means for introducing perspective embedment, and individuals differ about including them. Assessment of perspective embedding, and exploration of sources of disagreements, provide new tools for analyzing literature.
Emotional effects of poetic phonology, word positioning and dominant stress peaks in poetry reading
Authors: Kraxenberger Maria , Menninghaus Winfried
Published: March 2017

This study tested the hypothesis that features of linguistically non-mandatory phonological recurrence (rhyme, alliteration,
assonance, and consonance), parameters of word positioning (position within a line and line position) and dominant stress peaks
are related to readers’ identification of distinctively joyful and sad words in poetry. To this end, forty-eight participants read
eight German poems, completed an underlining task, and filled out a brief questionnaire. Results show that these target features
are clearly of importance for readers’ perception of pronounced levels of joy and sadness. Words featuring alliteration, assonance
or consonance were significantly more often underlined as distinctively joyful than were words that lack these features. Our study
shows also that words that feature a dominant stress peak and are placed in more advanced positions within the poems were more
likely to be identified as emotional (distinctively joyful and sad) when compared to words in earlier and unstressed
positions.
Optical and magnetic properties of Ba-doped CdS thin films
Authors: Samiyammal P. , Parasuraman K. , Prabha D. , Usharani K. , Balu A. R.
Published: March 2017

Spray technique using perfume atomiser is used to deposit Ba-doped CdS (CdS:Ba) thin films on glass substrates. Barium concentration is varied as 0, 1, 2 and 3 wt-% and the effect of Ba doping level on some physical properties of the CdS films is reported in this paper. XRD studies confirm that the undoped and doped films exhibit hexagonal crystal structure with a strong (0 0 2) preferential orientation. Nanosized rod shaped grains are evinced for the heavily doped films. The mapping images confirm the distribution of the host ions Cd, S and the dopant ion Ba on the film surface. Increased transparency is observed for the doped films. Magnetic studies confirm that the doped films exhibit ferromagnetic behaviour. The obtained results confirm that barium, a cationic dopant ion enhances the optical and magnetic properties of CdS thin films to a large extent.
Characterization of a PA14 domain-containing galactofuranose-specific β-d-galactofuranosidase from Streptomyces sp.
Authors: Matsunaga Emiko , Higuchi Yujiro , Mori Kazuki , Yairo Nao , Toyota Saki , Oka Takuji , Tashiro Kosuke , Takegawa Kaoru
Published: March 2017

As a constituent of polysaccharides and glycoconjugates, β-d-galactofuranose (Galf) exists in several pathogenic microorganisms. Although we recently identified a β-d-galactofuranosidase (Galf-ase) gene, ORF1110, in the Streptomyces strain JHA19, very little is known about the Galf-ase gene. Here, we characterized a strain, named JHA26, in the culture supernatant of which exhibited Galf-ase activity for 4-nitrophenyl β-d-galactofuranoside (pNP-β-d-Galf) as a substrate. Draft genome sequencing of the JHA26 strain revealed a putative gene, termed ORF0643, that encodes Galf-ase containing a PA14 domain, which is thought to function in substrate recognition. The recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli showed the Galf-specific Galf-ase activity and also released galactose residue of the polysaccharide galactomannan prepared from Aspergillus fumigatus, suggesting that this enzyme is an exo-type Galf-ase. BLAST searches using the amino acid sequences of ORF0643 and ORF1110 Galf-ases revealed two types of Galf-ases in Actinobacteria, suggesting that Galf-specific Galf-ases may exhibit discrete substrate specificities.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytochrome c551 denaturation by five systematic urea derivatives that differ in the alkyl chain length
Authors: Kobayashi Shinya , Fujii Sotaro , Koga Aya , Wakai Satoshi , Matubayasi Nobuyuki , Sambongi Yoshihiro
Published: March 2017

Reversible denaturation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytochrome c551 (PAc551) could be followed using five systematic urea derivatives that differ in the alkyl chain length, i.e. urea, N-methylurea (MU), N-ethylurea (EU), N-propylurea (PU), and N-butylurea (BU). The BU concentration was the lowest required for the PAc551 denaturation, those of PU, EU, MU, and urea being gradually higher. Furthermore, the accessible surface area difference upon PAc551 denaturation caused by BU was found to be the highest, those by PU, EU, MU, and urea being gradually lower. These findings indicate that urea derivatives with longer alkyl chains are stronger denaturants. In this study, as many as five systematic urea derivatives could be applied for the reversible denaturation of a single protein, PAc551, for the first time, and the effects of the alkyl chain length on protein denaturation were systematically verified by means of thermodynamic parameters.
Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and socioeconomic status among Finnish girls and boys aged 6–8 years
Authors: Lampinen Eeva‐Kaarina , Eloranta Aino‐Maija , Haapala Eero A. , Lindi Virpi , Väistö Juuso , Lintu Niina , Karjalainen Panu , Kukkonen‐Harjula Katriina , Laaksonen David , Lakka Timo A.
Published: March 2017

We studied differences in physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and the types of PA and SB between Finnish girls and boys and children from different socioeconomic backgrounds (SES). We assessed PA, SB, parental education, and household income using detailed questionnaires in a representative population sample of 486 children (238 girls, 248 boys) aged 6–8 years. Girls spent on average 1.7 h/day and boys 2.0 h/day in total PA (p = 0.002). Altogether 66% of girls and 54% of boys had less than 2 h of total PA per day (p = 0.012). Girls had lower levels of unsupervised PA (45 vs. 54 min/day, p = 0.001), supervised PA (1.5 vs. 1.9 h/week, p = 0.009), and PA during school recess (1.8 vs. 1.9 h/week, p = 0.032) than boys. Girls had higher levels of total SB (3.8 vs. 3.4 h/day, p = 0.015) but lower levels of screen‐based SB (1.5 vs. 1.9 h/day, p < 0.001) than boys. Lower parental education and household income were associated with lower levels of supervised PA in girls (p = 0.011 and p = 0.008, respectively) and in boys (p = 0.006 and p = 0.003, respectively). Lower parental education and household income were also related to higher levels of screen‐based SB in boys (p = 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively) but not in girls. Girls have lower levels of total, unsupervised, and supervised PA, PA during recess, and screen‐based SB but higher levels of total SB than boys. Lower parental education and household income are associated with lower levels of supervised PA in both genders and higher levels of screen‐based SB in boys.