bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychotherapeutic interventions for depressive symptoms in older adults in a community setting: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Morgado Bruno , Silva Celso , Agostinho Inês , Brás Filipe , Amaro Pedro , Lusquinhos Leonel , Schneider Brooke C. , Fonseca Cesar , Albacar-Riobóo Núria , Pinho Lara
Published: August 2024

Depression is a prevalent illness among the elderly, so psychotherapeutic interventions are needed to promote health and quality of life. This literature review aims to identify trials of any psychotherapeutic interventions aimed at reducing depressive symptoms in older adults. A systematic literature review with a meta-analysis will be carried out. The following databases will be searched: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MedicLatina, MEDLINE with Full Text, and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. To minimize bias, four reviewers will independently assess the inclusion of studies. The fifth reviewer will be responsible for disaggregating inclusion and exclusion between two authors. The results of the analysis will be grouped in a table with the characteristics of the included studies, including author, year, sample, objectives, methods, assessment instruments, psychotherapeutic interventions, results, follow-up and a data compilation scheme. This scientific article is a systematic review protocol for which the data has already been extracted and is being analyzed. Examples of possible strategies to include cognitive restructuring and mental health programs for older adults in community settings. With this clear and direct identification of psychotherapeutic interventions, it will be clearer for mental health professionals to be able to intervene effectively to promote the mental health and well-being of older adults.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023449190
Tissue palpation in endoscopy using EIT and soft actuators
Authors: Alian Amirhosein , Avery James , Mylonas George
Published: August 2024

The integration of soft robots in medical procedures has significantly improved diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, addressing safety concerns and enhancing surgeon dexterity. In conjunction with artificial intelligence, these soft robots hold the potential to expedite autonomous interventions, such as tissue palpation for cancer detection. While cameras are prevalent in surgical instruments, situations with obscured views necessitate palpation. This proof-of-concept study investigates the effectiveness of using a soft robot integrated with Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) capabilities for tissue palpation in simulated in vivo inspection of the large intestine. The approach involves classifying tissue samples of varying thickness into healthy and cancerous tissues using the shape changes induced on a hydraulically-driven soft continuum robot during palpation. Shape changes of the robot are mapped using EIT, providing arrays of impedance measurements. Following the fabrication of an in-plane bending soft manipulator, the preliminary tissue phantom design is detailed. The phantom, representing the descending colon wall, considers induced stiffness by surrounding tissues based on a mass-spring model. The shape changes of the manipulator, resulting from interactions with tissues of different stiffness, are measured, and EIT measurements are fed into a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) classifier. Train and test datasets are collected as temporal sequences of data from a single training phantom and two test phantoms, namely, A and B, possessing distinctive thickness patterns. The collected dataset from phantom B, which differs in stiffness distribution, remains unseen to the network, thus posing challenges to the classifier. The classifier and proposed method achieve an accuracy of 93% and 88.1% on phantom A and B, respectively. Classification results are presented through confusion matrices and heat maps, visualising the accuracy of the algorithm and corresponding classified tissues.
An experimental study of the sensorized strain wave gear RT1-T and its capabilities for torque control in robotic joints
Authors: Schuller Robert , Reinecke Jens , Maurenbrecher Henry , Ott Christian , Albu-Schaeffer Alin , Deutschmann Bastian , Buettner Fred , Heim Jens , Benkert Frank , Glueck Stefan
Published: August 2024

The idea of sensorizing a strain wave gear to measure the transmitted torque has been reported since the 1980s. The strain in the elastic flex spline is typically measured by strain gages attached to it. The resulting voltages relate to the transmitted torque in the gear. However, periodic inaccuracies in the measured torque signal (sensing ripple), resulting from positioning inaccuracies of strain gages on the flex spline, prevented this technology from being used outside a lab environment. Regardless of these difficulties, measuring the torque directly in the strain wave gear would bring many advantages, especially in robotic applications, where design space is highly limited. Traditionally, robotic joints are equipped with link-sided torque sensors, which reduce the available design volume, lower the joint stiffness, and require complex cable routing. This paper presents an experimental study of a novel sensorized strain wave gear named RT1-T, which was developed by Schaeffler Technologies. The study was implemented on a joint testbed, including a high-resolution reference torque sensor at the link side. In addition to the measurement accuracy and linearity, a torque ripple analysis is performed. The joint torque control capabilities are determined along dynamic trajectories and compared to the performance achieved with a link-sided reference sensor. The sensor employed in the testbed has a static torque error of 0.42 Nm and an average closed-loop torque control error of 0.65 Nm above the reference sensor.
Enhancing prompt perception in dementia: a comparative study of mixed reality cue modalities
Authors: Desai Shital , Mutsuddi Rupsha , Astell Arlene J.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Dementia impacts millions worldwide and is challenging individuals' ability to engage in daily activities. Active living is crucial in mitigating dementia's neurodegenerative effects, yet people with dementia often struggle to initiate and complete tasks independently. Technologies offer promising solutions to engage people with dementia in activities of active living and improving their quality of life through prompting and cueing. It is anticipated that developments in sensor and wearable technologies will result in mixed reality technology becoming more accessible in everyday homes, making them more deployable. The possibility of mixed reality technologies to be programmed for different applications, and to adapt them to different levels of impairments, behaviours and contexts, will make them more scalable.

Objective

The study aimed to develop a better understanding of modalities of prompts that people with dementia perceive successfully and correctly in mixed reality environments. It investigated interactions of people with dementia with different types of visual (graphics, animation, etc.) and sound (human voice, tones, etc.) prompts in mixed reality technologies.

Methods

We used the Research through Design (RtD) method in this study. This paper describes the findings from the user research carried out in the study. We conducted observation studies with twenty-two people with dementia playing games on off-the-shelf mixed reality technologies, including both Augmented Reality (HoloLens, ArKit on iPhone) and Augmented Virtuality (Xbox Kinect and Osmo) technologies. The interactions with the technologies during the gameplay were video recorded for thematic analysis in Noldus Observer XT (version 16.0) for successful and correct perception of prompts.

Results

A comparison of the probability estimates of correct perception of the prompts by people with dementia suggests that human voice, graphic symbols and text are the most prominently perceived modalities of prompts. Feedback prompts for every action performed by people with dementia on the technology are critical for successful perception and should always be provided in the design.

Conclusion

The study has resulted in recommendations and guidelines for designers to design prompts for people with dementia in mixed-reality environments. The work lays the foundation for considering mixed reality technologies as assistive tools for people with dementia, fostering discussions on their accessibility and inclusive design in technology development.
Exploring the relationship between agribusiness investments and postharvest losses among smallholder vegetable farmers in the eThekwini Municipality
Authors: Qange Siphesihle , Mdoda Lelethu , Mditshwa Asanda
Published: August 2024

Smallholder vegetable farmers in developing economies play a crucial role in agricultural production but often face significant postharvest losses at various stages of the value chain. Agribusiness investments have the potential to address postharvest losses for smallholder vegetable farmers. Understanding the impact of these investments is crucial due to their potential benefits. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationship between agribusiness investments and postharvest losses among smallholder vegetable farmers, in eThekwini Municipality. Using structured questionnaires, a cross-sectional research design and a multi-stratified random sampling technique were employed to collect primary data from 238 farmers. The study used descriptive statistics and ordinary least square regression to analyse the data. The study results revealed that the majority (56%) of the farmers were females with an average age of 45 years and a household size of 5 people per household. Farmers spent an average of 12 years in school, with the majority being unemployed (76%) and relying on farming for income (78%). Moreover, the study revealed that 90% of the farmers lose their produce due to less demand, while 88% believe that the cost of inputs affects them. Additionally, 79% of the farmers believe that high competition in the market results in postharvest losses, and 70 and 69% indicate that weather conditions and adoption of farming practices, respectively, influence their postharvest losses. The Ordinary Least Squares regression model results indicated that agribusiness investments, transport infrastructure, financial support, market demand, weather conditions, adoption of new technologies, and market access significantly influence postharvest losses among smallholder vegetable farmers in the eThekwini Municipality. The study, therefore, recommends investing in transportation infrastructure, promoting climate-resilient agriculture, facilitating market access, providing financial support, and urgently strengthening extension services to reduce postharvest losses in the agricultural sector. The need for strengthening extension services is particularly urgent, as it can provide farmers with the necessary knowledge and skills to adopt new technologies and farming practices, thereby reducing postharvest losses.
Case Report: A new variant of the forehead flap for subtotal nose reconstruction in a single stage: the dragonfly flap
Authors: Brambullo Tito , Franchi Arianna , Masciopinto Giuseppe , De Lazzari Alberto , Vindigni Vincenzo , Bassetto Franco
Published: August 2024

Background

The forehead flap is probably the most used method for nose reconstruction after cancer resection. During the past century, this technique has been continuously refined to achieve better functional and aesthetic outcomes. Different variations have been described, with the original technique being modified based on tissue loss, the layer to be replaced, and the management of the donor area.

Methods

We propose a new and innovative version of the forehead flap in which both the forehead skin and the frontal muscle are harvested simultaneously using the same vascular pedicle. Partially separating the two layers allows muscle tissue to replace the inner layer and cover the nasal septum framework, while the skin will replace the outer layer. The nostrils are reconstructed simultaneously using bilateral hinge-over lining skin flaps harvested from the nasal folds.

Results

Step by step, a schematic illustration of the technique is given, followed by a complete report on a successful total nose reconstruction case.

Conclusions

Despite the increasing number of techniques which have been introduced to achieve full reconstruction of the nose, including microsurgical tissue transfer, the simultaneous replacement of both the inner and outer layers continues to be an issue for the plastic surgeon. In this article, we suggest a solution for total nose reconstruction in a single-stage procedure.
Influence of Long-Term Moisture Exposure and Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Hybrid FRP Composite Specimens
Authors: Tefera Getahun , Bright Glen , Adali Sarp
Published: August 2024

The present experimental study assesses the mechanical properties of glass/carbon/glass hybrid composite laminates after being exposed to moisture in a deep freezer and elevated temperatures for extended periods. The top and bottom layers of the hybrid laminates are reinforced with glass fibre, and the middle layer is reinforced with carbon fibre using the epoxy matrix as a binder polymer material. The hybrid laminates were manufactured using the resin transfer moulding method, and their compressive and tensile properties were determined using a tensile testing machine. The storage modulus, loss modulus, and damping factors of all groups of laminates were identified using a dynamic mechanical analysis as a function of temperature and vibration frequency. The experimental results on compressive and tensile properties revealed slight variations when the hybrid laminates were kept at low temperatures in a deep freezer for extended periods. This might occur due to the increasing molecular crosslinking of the polymer network. As the testing temperature increased, compressive, tensile, storage modules, loss modulus, and damping factors decreased. This might occur due to the increasing mobility of the binder material. Particularly, the highest stiffness parameters were obtained at −80 °C/GCG (glass/carbon/glass) laminates due to the presence of a beta transition in the glassy region. The relationships between the glass transitions and the targeted frequencies were characterized. The values of the glass transition shift towards higher temperatures as the frequency increases. This might occur due to a reduction in the gaps between the crosslinking of the epoxy network when the frequency increases. The accuracy of the storage modulus results was compared with the empirical models. The model based on the Arrhenius law provided the closest correlation. Meanwhile, another model was observed that was not accurate enough to predict when gamma and beta relaxations occur in a glassy state.
Capillary Electrophoresis-Laser Induced Fluorescence Method Development and Validation for Quantification of Nine Gangliosides—Application to Analysis of Cell Lines of CNS Origin
Authors: Tarnóczi Katinka , Geda Orsolya , Tábi Tamás , Szökő Éva
Published: August 2024

Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids that play an essential role in many biological and pathophysiological processes. They are present in high amounts in the central nervous system and their abnormal metabolism or expression has been observed in many diseases. We have developed and validated a sensitive capillary electrophoresis laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) method for the separation and quantification of oligosaccharides digested from nine gangliosides of high biological relevance. APTS was used for the labeling of the glycans. Reverse polarity CE was performed for the separation of the labeled glycans bearing negative charges. The optimized background electrolyte is a 15 mM lithium acetate buffer with pH of 5 containing 5% w/v linear polyacrylamide, which allows for the separation of all nine gangliosides. Validation parameters including linearity, precision, and accuracy were evaluated. LOQ and LOD were in the nM range, comparable to those of LC-MS techniques. The method was used to identify and quantify the ganglioside pattern of glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cell lines. The presented method is a valuable tool for further investigations aiming at understanding the role of gangliosides in various neurological diseases or CNS tumors.
Correction: Feng et al. Electrolyte Analysis in Blood Serum by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Using a Portable Laser. Molecules 2022, 27, 6438
Authors: Feng Zhongqi , Li Shuaishuai , Gu Tianyu , Zhou Xiaofei , Zhang Zixu , Yang Zhifu , Hou Jiajia , Zhu Jiangfeng , Zhang Dacheng
Published: August 2024

In the original publication [...]
Two Methods Based on Integral Equation Approaches in Analyzing Polyelectrolyte Solutions: Macrophase Separation
Authors: Cho Junhan
Published: August 2024

To understand the phase behaviors of polyelectrolyte solutions, we provide two analytical methods to formulate a molecular equation of state for a system of fully charged polyanions (PAs) and polycations (PCs) in a monomeric neutral component, based on integral equation theories. The mixture is treated in a primitive and restricted manner. The first method utilizes Blum’s approach to charged hard spheres, incorporating the chain connectivity contribution by charged spheres via Stell’s cavity function method. The second method employs Wertheim’s multi-density Ornstein–Zernike treatment of charged hard spheres with Baxter’s adhesive potential. The pressures derived from these methods are compared to available molecular dynamics simulations data for a solution of PAs and monomeric counterions as a limiting case. Two-phase equilibrium for the system is calculated using both methods to evaluate the relative strength of phase segregation that leads to complex coacervation. Additionally, the scaling exponents for a selected solution near its critical point are examined.
Saepius Legentes ac Sedulo Conspicientes: Reading the Image, Contemplating the Text in Hrabanus Maurus’ Carmina Figurata
Authors: Sanchez-Prieto Ana B.
Published: August 2024

De Laudibus Sanctae Crucis (DLSC) by Hrabanus Maurus is a seminal work in the medieval Christian literature that explores the Cross as the central structure of the universe through a unique amalgamation of poetry, prose, and visual art. The work employs a multi-layered narrative that enriches the reader’s understanding, encouraging a meditative interaction with the text that emphasizes the contemplative over the recitative. This paper analyzes Hrabanus’s intricate use of verbal and visual elements to guide his readers into a profound meditation on the universal significance of the Cross.
Use of different designed needle-free connectors: a snapshot of central venous catheter intraluminal blood occlusion and central line–associated bloodstream infection in hospitals
Authors: Lange Victor R.
Published: August 2024

Background: Needle-free connectors (NCs), originally designed to improve the safety of healthcare workers, are increasingly being used to mitigate central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) and central venous catheter intraluminal blood occlusion (CVC-IBO) in patients. There are numerous NCs on the market, with varied internal and external designs and features.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency, clinical, and financial impact of CVC-IBO and CLABSI among 16 California (USA) hospitals using differently designed NCs.
Method: Data were collected by sending a survey to the hospitals, which had varying bed capacities and patient populations that were committed to reducing CVC-IBO and CLABSI. In each hospital, CLABSI rates were tracked as defined by the National Healthcare Safety Network.
Results: Hospitals using the BD MaxPlus™ or MaxZero™ Needle-free Connector, the only device with a solid external access surface, were found to have a significantly lower CLABSI rate (1.32 vs. 2.95 per 1,000 central-line days [CLDs]; P = 0.0052) and CVC-IBO rate (1.51 vs. 4.04 per 1,000 CLDs; P = 0.0065) versus those using devices with a nonsolid access surface.
Conclusion: Hospitals using the MaxPlus™ or MaxZero™ NC also had significantly higher cost saving (per 100 patient days) associated with lower use of tissue plasminogen activator versus devices with a nonsolid access surface ($219 vs. $510 USD; P = 0.01). These results highlight the clinical importance of NC design components and their contributions to risk of CLABSI and catheter occlusion.
Sleep Patterns and Awareness in Medical Imaging Students Using Wearable Technology
Authors: O'Callahan Kait , Butson Russell , Mair Jason
Published: August 2024

Purpose
This study explores the relationship between sleep quality and fatigue in medical imaging students using biometric devices. It examines the impact that objectively measuring and discussing sleep data has on students’ understanding and appreciation of the role of sleep in their academic and professional practices.
Design
The study adopts a case-based approach, with participants engaging in open collaborative discussions and personal investigation of their sleep data. Biometric devices were used to record sleep data over the course of one semester.
Findings
Results show that while all students recognised the importance of sleep, they had very little knowledge about sleep patterns, the effects of sleep on performance and memory, or sleep consistency. However, students engaged with their data and showed interest in learning more about sleep. As the study progressed, participants moved away from discussing sleep duration and focused more on the impact of sleep types on patterns of sleep quality. Some students used this newfound knowledge to try and change their sleep behaviours and optimize their performance, while others struggled to change their habits.
Implications
Overall, this study highlights the need for a more comprehensive approach to sleep education and the potential for personal analytics to facilitate understanding and behaviour change.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE RESEARCH OF STRESS FACTORS IN MODERN SPORTS
Authors: KHOMENKO P. , MANYK V.
Published: August 2024

In this article, psycho-pedagogical aspects of preventing and overcoming stress factors in modern sports are explored based on the analysis of a complex of literary sources and experience in psychological preparation. It has been established that in modern conditions, stress has become an integral part of human life, allowing adaptation to the external environment. The understanding of stress theory has extended beyond the biological approach, acquiring an interdisciplinary character. It has been proven that the psychological training of athletes is an important part of the educational process in sports; the main goal of such training is the formation and development of personal qualities of athletes. Key tasks include developing readiness for a long training process, activating before competitions and overcoming stress factors.The scientific positions of researches make it possible to systematize stress factors that affect the psycho-emotional state of athletes during competitive activities. It is important to note that stress factors of uncertainty are associated with the sports activities of athletes, while stress factors of significance arise due to responsibility for assessing their own results.Regarding the classification of stress factors, physiological (direct effects on the body) and psychological (factors of the social environment, influence on the psyche) stressors can be distinguished. Professional and household stress factors are determined by the specificity of professional activity and daily life, respectively.It has been established that stress affects the body at physiological and psychological levels: the physiological reaction of the body covers changes in blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory movements and other parameters, including hormone levels; the psychological reaction manifests in cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects.The general conclusion indicates that stress reactions and factors in sports activities are diverse and individual, confirming the need for a personalized approach to managing stress in sports.
PEDAGOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MOBILE GAMES AS A MEANS OF RECREATION FOR STUDENT YOUTH
Authors: KHLIBKEVICH S. , SVIERTNIEV O.
Published: August 2024

The article examines the impact of mobile games on the recreational component of personality development. The technologies of health-recreational motor activity are analyzed. The specific features of the technologies of health-recreational motor activity as a social phenomenon have been developed and substantiated. The concept of "technologies of health-recreational motor activity" is defined as an independent social phenomenon, which involves the regular use of available types of organized health-recreational motor activity of medium intensity and volume of load, which are realized to be carried out in formal and informal groups or individually for the purpose of support working capacity, maintaining health and improving the quality of life.
It was established that the mobile game is a conscious activity aimed at achieving the set goal. As a recreational tool, it has a number of characteristics, among which high emotionality is of particular importance. Movement games are characterized by creative, active movement actions that have a motivated plot. They are aimed at overcoming various difficulties in achieving the set goal. Movement games, as a rule, do not require special training from the participants, and it is thanks to this property that they, in particular, those that include elements of competition, meet the physiological needs of the body more than other forms of physical education. During participation in moving games, endurance, self-control and the correct reaction to failure are formed. Games with active, energetic and repetitive motor actions contribute to the improvement of the body's functional systems.
MODELING CONDITIONS OF COMBAT ACTIVITY AS A CONDITION FOR IMPROVING THE PROFESSIONAL- APPLIED PHYSICAL TRAINING OF FUTURE OFFICERS
Authors: FENICH R.
Published: August 2024

The article, based on an analysis of the practice of higher military educational institutions, proves the relevance of the problem of forming professional-applied physical training. It establishes that the existing physical training programs have sufficient content, but the components of this training do not function effectively, which does not ensure the real functional readiness of graduates to perform official tasks in combat conditions. The key determinants of professional- applied physical training of future military specialists are determined. The principles of the educational process for physical education in military educational institutions are substantiated: strengthening the individual health of applicants; achieving a high level of special physical fitness taking into account the specifics of the future profession; increasing mental efficiency; acquiring knowledge in philosophical and practical aspects of physical culture, sports, and health preservation.
It is proved that when developing a program of professional-applied physical training in military educational institutions, it is necessary to use the principles of integral spatial-temporal integration, specialized, multidirectional rhythmicity and feedback.
Based on the analysis of a number of medical and biological studies, it was found that participation in hostilities leads to significant changes in the functional state of servicemen: an increase in reaction time, a decrease in static and general muscle endurance, a violation of hearing sensitivity, a decrease in maximum oxygen consumption, a violation of regulation of the cardio-respiratory system, and a general decrease in military-professional performance. Based on the study of the conditions of combat situations, a complex of professional-applied skills and abilities of physical training of a military specialist was revealed.
In order to optimize the technology of modeling combat conditions in the process of optimizing professional-applied physical training of future officers, the following new concepts were introduced into the educational process of military educational institutions: combat orientation, combat density, combat reality, combat effectiveness. It is proved that the model of combat operations of future officers includes disorienting factors, a set of combat tasks, and extreme conditions for conducting training and combat operations.
FORMATION OF THE READINESS OF FUTURE COACHES TO REALIZE THE HEALTH AND REHABILITATION POTENTIAL OF POWER SPORTS IN PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY
Authors: BUDAIEV S.
Published: August 2024

The article examines the health-improving and rehabilitation potential of power sports and discusses the key aspects of forming the readiness of future coaches to realize it. The author analyzes the views of scientists on the problem of studying the role and potential of strength sports in health improvement and rehabilitation, development of physical qualities of athletes. The features and possibilities of bodybuilding as a kind of athletic gymnastics, which can serve as a promising area for studying the adaptive capabilities of the human body under conditions of significant power loads, are generalized. The possibilities of callanetics, slim-jim, bodystyling, bodyforming, and shaping are characterized, the purpose of which is a versatile effect on the body of athletes, correction of weight and improvement of body shape, mastering new elements of choreography, achieving harmoniously developed body shapes in combination with a high level of motor fitness. Attention is paid to less common systems of strength exercises, in particular, the so-called fitness hybrids. The advantages of powerlifting are emphasized: economic feasibility, simplicity of competitive exercises, accessibility in conducting classes, wide health and training orientation. It is determined that the formation of coaches' readiness to realize the health and rehabilitation potential of strength sports is a constant and dynamic process that requires a combination of theoretical knowledge, practical skills and the ability to work in a team to achieve the best results in training and rehabilitation of athletes. The key aspects of its success are outlined – theoretical training, practical skills, medical literacy, individualization of training programs, team building and communication. The main methods of forming the readiness of future coaches to realize the health and rehabilitation potential of strength sports are identified: studying the theoretical foundations of anatomy, physiology and psychology, developing practical skills in the field of modern strength training techniques and the use of physiotherapy methods for effective health improvement and rehabilitation, mastering medical literacy, internships and practice in specialized centers.
Characterization of by-products from industrial processing of the essential oil crops rose, hyssop and thyme
Authors:   University of Food Technologies, Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Slavov A. M. , Marovska G. I. ,   University of Food Technologies, Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Published: August 2024

Bulgaria is rich in medicinal and aromatic plants and has very well developed essential oil industry. Processing of the essential oil-bearing plants results in obtaining several main products: essential oil, water, absolute, concrete and different extracts, having applications in perfumery, cosmetics, medicine, wellness, tourism, etc. The low content of essential oil in the plants is a prerequisite for generation of large volumes of by-products. The aim of the present study is to investigate three by-products: from rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) – provided by Old Rose Distillery, Strelcha, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 2020; hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) – provided by Galen-N Ltd., Zelenikovo, Brezovo, Bulgaria, 2020; and thyme (Thymus serpillum) – provided by EKOMAAT Ltd., Mirkovo, Sofia, Bulgaria, 2020. The three solid by-products resulted from industrial steam distillation of the raw materials. It was found that the residues were rich sources of dietary fibers: 66.77±1.08%, 62.28±1.15%, and 79.94±1.11% for rose, hyssop and thyme, respectively. The by-products were subjected to extraction with hot 70% ethanol and ethanolic extracts and alcohol-insoluble parts (AIP) were obtained. The polyuronide content (PU) of the AIP by-products was in the 4.03±0.24 – 8.89±0.14% range and the degree of esterification: 59.41±2.52 – 86.05±1.25%. The AIPs were extracted employing hot 0.1M HCl and pectic polysaccharides with 12.45±0.14%, 7.19±0.19%, and 7.31±0.23% yield were obtained for the rose, hyssop and thyme, respectively. The results from the present study suggest that the by-products from the essential oil industry, namely rose, hyssop and thyme, could be successfully valorized and serve as a source of dietary fibers and pectic polysaccharides
Application of “Green chemistry” principles to the modification of carbohydrates from natural sources for bio-additives in plastics
Authors:   Technical University of Gabrovo, Department of Mathematics, Informatic and Natural Sciences, 4, H. Dimitar Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria, Vassilev D. , Petkova N. ,   2University of Food Technologies, Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Yaneva D. ,   Technical University of Gabrovo, Department of Mathematic, Informatic and Natural Sciences, 4, H. Dimitar Str., 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria, Denev P. ,   University of Food Technologies, Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Published: August 2024

Interest in sucrose esters which are surfactants and environmental products, attracts the attention of researchers and manufacturers, due to the fact that renewable, easily available raw materials are used for their production. Sucrose esters are non-toxic, biocompatible and biodegradable products that are widely used in food technology, cosmetics and medicine. Many industrial technologies generate waste that poses a risk of environmental pollution. The research activity in recent years is aimed at the search for new technological solutions to intensify the processes, by applying the principles of "green chemistry". For reactions taking place in solution, the use of ultrasound is effective. Ultrasound has been found to affect the rate of chemical reactions in solution through the phenomenon of cavitation. In the synthesis and modification of organic compounds, research related to the application of ultrasound in the preparation of esters is promising, as is the aim of the present work - reduction of reaction time, increase of yields, use of safe raw materials, reduction of energy consumption. The intensifying effect of ultrasound effect in the transesterification of methylcaprate with sucrose, catalyst K2CO3 at room temperature was demonstrated, sucrose caprate being obtained with a significant minimization of reaction time. The characterization of the obtained ester was carried out by FT-IR, 1H and 13C spectroscopy. The potential plasticizing effect of the synthesized ester was evaluated. Polyvinyl chloride was used, with different amounts of the synthesized ester added. PVC polymer films with different ester concentrations were prepared and analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and mechanical tests (modulus of elasticity). With the use of ultrasound energy during the process, a reduction in reaction time, use of safe raw materials, and a reduction in energy consumption were achieved. From the data obtained on the glass transition temperature and mechanical tests, we can expect an application of the ester as a biodegradable additive with plasticizing properties.
Investigation of the effect of ultrasound-assisted extraction on the yield and tannin content of white oregano extracts
Authors:   Trakia University, Department of Food Technology, 38 Graf Ignatiev Str., 8600 Yambol, Bulgaria, Paskova V. V. , Dobreva K. Z. ,   Trakia University, Department of Food Technology, 38 Graf Ignatiev Str., 8600 Yambol, Bulgaria, Dimitrova I. T. ,   Trakia University, Department of Food Technology, 38 Graf Ignatiev Str., 8600 Yambol, Bulgaria
Published: August 2024

Oregano and its extracts are rich in a variety of biologically active substances, which makes them suitable for use in food industry, pharmacy, etc. The influence of the technological parameters – solvent concentration, temperature and duration of ultrasound-assisted extraction on the yield and tannin content of extracts of white oregano (Origanum heracleoticum L.) was studied. The data were compared with those obtained with conventional extraction methods. The resulting ethanol extracts are highly viscous liquids with a dark brown color, characteristic of the plant spice smell and a specific burning taste. The highest yield and highest tannin content in ultrasound-assisted extraction of cultured white oregano was obtained with 70% ethanol at a temperature of 60°C during the process, hydromodule 1:10 and duration 60 min. The use of ultrasound-assisted impact to extract tannins from cultured white oregano allows to achieve higher yields and reduce the duration of the process, compared to conventional extraction methods.
Application of stable nitroxide radicals and their non-contrast forms in diagnostics of oxidative stress in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors:   Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine, Deontology and Dermatovenerology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, Georgieva E. , Berbatov D. ,   Berbatov Medical Center, 8600 Yambol, Bulgaria, Karamalakova Y. ,   Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, Nikolova G. ,   3Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, Gulubova M. ,   Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine, Deontology and Dermatovenerology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria,   Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and Pathology, Medical Faculty, Assen Zlatarov University, 8000 Burgas, Bulgaria
Published: August 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has emerged as one of the main causes of chronic liver damage, which occurs as a result of a wide range of complications such as obesity, T2DM, inflammation, fibrosis, and the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis. Elevated serum-free fatty acid concentrations, hepatic triglyceride accumulation, cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, and increased levels of oxidative stress are believed to be major contributors to the development and progression of the disease. The present study highlights the application of the stable nitroxide radical TEMPOL as an effective redox sensor for redox changes monitoring in T2DM and NAFLD patients. The oxidative stress levels and antioxidant status were investigated in T2DM and NAFLD patients (group 2) and healthy volunteers (group 1) by conventional EPR spectroscopy. The obtained data show a statistically significant increase in ROS levels and EPR signal intensity of nitroxide and hydroxylamine in patients with NAFLD and T2DM compared to the control group - healthy volunteers without metabolic disorders (post hoc test; (*) p < 0.05 vs. control). The spectroscopic analysis allows the prediction of diabetic complications and will guide the scientific community and clinicians to conduct effective antioxidant therapy.
PELATIHAN SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL USAHA MIKRO
Authors: Supeni Anggraeni Mapuasari  , Mila Austria Reyes  , Andrianantenaina Hajanirina  , Muhamad Safiq  , Liswandi
Published: August 2024

Understanding accounting system and internal control is part of managerial accounting skill that lead to SME success. As micro business, people often ignore this in the name of small size of gross revenue. In fact, failure to manage simple system such as the separated entity principles will lead to internal control failure. It is often correlated with financial management failure and many times creates bankruptcy. This training is specially purposed for assisting micro business owner to understand basic principles of internal control and accounting system. This activity was done in Bekasi, taken place at Bale Bamboo Resto, December 22, 2022. Thirty two micro business owners were attending the workshop. Utilizing several simple software available free in the play store, the micro business owner can implements several control principles.
Exercising Independently And Exercising Independence: A Phenomenological Study Of Physical Activity And Choice Among Adults With An Intellectual Disability
Authors:   ,   Institute of Technology Tralee, O'Sullivan Sheila
Published: August 2024

"Aim/Background: This study examines how adults with intellectual disabilities choose the physical activities they engage in, inside and outside of the day service they attend. Of particular relevance are the benefits derived from physical activity which promotes wellbeing, inclusivity, new opportunities and social acceptance for people with intellectual disability. This is timely in light of current policy with regard to New Directions 2012-2016 which is directed towards moving people with ID from congregated to community settings and the enactment of the recent Assisted Decision Making (Capacity) Act (2015) which supports decision-making for all citizens. Methodology: The study used phenomenological analysis (IPA) to elicit the participants' experiences of choosing physical activity as an adult with an intellectual disability. IPA is concerned with the detailed examination of human lived experience. The use of phenomenology facilitates the meaningful participation of adults with an intellectual disability in research about their lives. Following ethical approval, immersion in the service commenced leading to the purposive sampling of nine core participants. Data collection adhered to the IPA format of asking overarching questions. Semi-structured Interviews with staff were conducted in order to illuminate the study and not replace the experiences of the core participants. The framework of analysis, as outlined by Smith, Flowers and Larkin (2009), traced the development of emerging themes that evolved into superordinate and related subordinate themes. Findings and Recommendations: Three superordinate themes emerged from the research. They include, firstly, the less strong link between physical activity and health on behalf of the participants. Secondly, the important role the service plays as a facilitator of physical activity. Thirdly, choice and choice-making is not a concept readily understood or practiced by the core participants. These findings resonate with the extensive literature review that incorporates self-determination and antecedents to choice-making in its corpus. Findings suggest recommendations for service, policy and research, especially in light of the supports needed to facilitate the Assisted Decision making Capacity Act (2015) and the current transition from segregated settings to community. It also recommends services linking into relevant, cost effective local programmes that support people with ID in physical activity. This study will contribute towards the current knowledge base regarding physical activity and choice among adults with ID. "
Information Brokerage - A New Approach Using Knowledge Management
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Loew Robert
Published: August 2024

"Traditional knowledge management attempts to store the total enterprise knowledge into IT related structures, but knowledge management strategies should focus also on people and organisations and not just on technology. This can be addressed in part by communicating knowledge between people, in and across organisations. Such communication focuses on the development and exchange of people’s experience. This thesis introduces a hybrid knowledge management solution consisting of an automated system that includes people: employees, experts and Knowledge Brokers (KB). The hybrid concept supports the identification of suitable people for certain topics of discussion. Further, it supports the knowledge communication process by providing a communication infrastructure. When employees cannot find the appropriate information or expert, then they can ask a personal Knowledge Broker for assistance. Knowledge Brokers can cooperate, forming the Knowledge Broker Network (KBN). A knowledge or semantic network is used to model relationships between the key concepts of the company and the topics of expertise of employees and experts. Instead of storing data in repositories, this novel KBN concept uses “meta-knowledge”, which describes relationships between people and their experiences, and their ability to answer questions in a certain area. Users’ documents are analysed and classified automatically with the aim to discover and update their experiences. The integration of external resources and an algorithm that proposes personalised hints to valuable information are part of the KBN approach. In addition, the concept comprises personalisation, focusing on: • the user’s personalised view into the knowledge network, based on his information ratings; • the user’s private part of the knowledge network. The support of communities by Knowledge Brokers focuses on identifying topics of expertise for already existing communities of practice or for new ones that have to be created. Implementing the KBN approach within a company supports the development of an organisational culture that allows enterprise wide knowledge exchange. This is illustrated by a prototype and three further example applications of the man-machine- hybrid approach."
An Application Of Time Series Methods To Investigate Eu Dairy Commodity Price Dynamics
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Bergmann Dennis
Published: August 2024

"Fundamental changes to the common agricultural policy (CAP) have led to greater market orientation which in turn has resulted in significantly changed price dynamics of EU dairy prices. These changed dynamics include sharply increased price variability of EU farm gate milk prices as well EU dairy commodity prices such as butter and Skimmed Milk Powder (SMP). In addition it was expected that EU dairy prices will align to Word dairy prices. This alignment of prices would also see an alignment of volatility levels which were significantly higher for World dairy prices than EU dairy prices. The aim of this thesis is to analysis the changing price dynamics of EU dairy prices. The results of this thesis are thus of practical interest for farmers, processors and consumers as well as policy makers as they can form the basis for the development of appropriate risk management tools for the EU dairy industry. The thesis presents four empirical studies which share a common theme in that they investigate the changed dynamics of EU dairy prices. In the first study univariate time series methods are used to analyse farm gate milk price dynamics. The following two studies use multivariate time series methods to analyse price and volatility transmission effects for butter and SMP markets. In particular horizontal (spatial and cross commodity) and vertical transmission (from input to output prices) effects are analysed. Finally the last study as it evaluates the forecasting performance of a number of time series models as applied to selected EU farm gate milk prices. Thus this study focuses on a counter measure to price volatility while the other studies analysed its causes."