bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychotherapy outcome research: Implications of a new clinical taxonomy
Authors: Bakker Gary M.
Published: June 2021

Since the publication of DSM‐III in 1980, the scientist‐practitioner gap in clinical psychology has expanded, as almost all outcome research in clinical psychology has been on diagnosed mental disorders within a medical model using drug trial methodologies, whereas most practising clinicians undertake functional analyses and case formulations of clinical psychological problems (CPPs) and then apply tailored interventions within an ongoing hypothesis‐testing methodology. But comparatively reliable assessment and generalizable conclusions in psychotherapy outcome research require a comprehensive theory‐derived conception or operational definition of ‘CPPs’, standardized functional analyses, and a taxonomy of CPPs comparable to DSM's listings of mental disorders. An alternative conception and taxonomy of CPPs have recently been proposed, offering improvements in the reliability and generalizability of case formulation‐based psychotherapy outcome research. It conceives of CPPs as instances of the formation and operation of self‐sustaining problem‐maintaining circles (PMCs) of psychological‐level causal elements—that is, at the level of cognitions, behaviours, emotions, and events or situations (stimuli). The paper describes this new conception of CPPs, a subsequent nascent taxonomy of evidence‐based PMCs which standardizes the underlying mechanisms that maintain CPPs, and ensuing benefits to research (as well as to practice) in clinical psychology. These benefits include being able to encompass all treatment‐worthy CPPs, not just diagnosable mental disorders; to assess theory‐derived intervention strategies, not just arbitrary therapy bundles; and to directly feed back into psychological theories, not just expand an atheoretical list of patented “evidence supported therapies.”
Addressing bias in faculty retention
Authors: Malone Sparkle L. , Record Sydne
Published: June 2021

The field of ecology in the United States is not fully harnessing the diverse perspectives of the American population. Two major limitations to advancing diversity and inclusion include insufficient awareness of biased attitudes and the lack of large‐scale faculty engagement in diversity and inclusion programs. Academic institutions must recognize and value individuals that participate in diversity and inclusion programs. Valuing this work will motivate all ecologists to accept the responsibility for these efforts and not simply assume that the few minorities in their field can do this work.
Developing the ecological scientist mindset among underrepresented students in ecology fields
Authors: Bowser Gillian , Cid Carmen R.
Published: June 2021

How do students discover ecology? Answering this question is essential for diversifying the environmental workforce because scientific disciplines, such as ecology, are often not discovered until students enter academia and are exposed to different disciplinary options. Ecology, and many of the environmental sciences, have persistent and alarmingly low numbers of underrepresented minorities (URM; African American, Hispanic American, Native American, and Pacific Islanders), while other science and technology fields have shown progress in diversification. Why does such underrepresentation persist in environmental disciplines? Social factors such as sense of belonging, science identity, implicit biases, and stereotypes all have been explored and are known to influence the participation of URM students in science. The unique role of the field experience in environmental sciences as a “rite of passage” and “authentic” research experience is one important influence on how URM students experience ecology. Interventions using social elements such as belonging and sense of place are demonstrated ways to broaden participation particularly in environmental science fields, yet dramatic underrepresentation still persists. Here we review known factors affecting and enhancing the recruitment and retention of URMs in the sciences and focus on comprehensive strategies shown to be effective recruiting URM students into the environmental workforce.
Molecular gut content analysis indicates the inter‐ and intra‐guild predation patterns of spiders in conventionally managed vegetable fields
Authors: Saqib Hafiz Sohaib Ahmed , Liang Pingping , You Minsheng , Gurr Geoff M.
Published: June 2021

Inter‐ and intra‐guild interactions are important in the coexistence of predators and their prey, especially in highly disturbed vegetable cropping systems with sporadic food resources. Assessing the dietary range of a predator taxon characterized by diverse foraging behavior using conventional approaches, such as visual observation and conventional molecular approaches for prey detection, has serious logistical problems. In this study, we assessed the prey compositions and compare the dietary spectrum of a functionally diverge group of predators—spiders—to characterize their trophic interactions and assess biological control potential in Brassica vegetable fields. We used high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) and biotic interaction networks to precisely annotate the predation spectrum and highlight the predator–predator and predator–prey interactions. The prey taxa in the gut of all spider families were mainly enriched with insects (including dipterans, coleopterans, orthopterans, hemipterans, and lepidopterans) with lower proportions of arachnids (such as Araneae) along with a wide range of other prey factions. Despite the generalist foraging behavior of spiders, the community structure analysis and interaction networks highlighted the overrepresentation of particular prey taxa in the gut of each spider family, as well as showing the extent of interfamily predation by spiders. Identifying the diverse trophic niche proportions underpins the importance of spiders as predators of pests in highly disturbed agroecosystems. More specifically, combining HTS with advanced ecological community analysis reveals the preferences and biological control potential of particular spider taxa (such as Salticidae against lepidopterans and Pisauridae against dipterans), and so provides a valuable evidence base for targeted conservation biological control efforts in complex trophic networks.
Species distribution models for predicting the habitat suitability of Chinese fire‐bellied newt Cynops orientalis under climate change
Authors: Guo Kun , Yuan Sijia , Wang Hao , Zhong Jun , Wu Yanqing , Chen Wan , Hu Chaochao , Chang Qing
Published: June 2021

Climate change influences species geographical distribution and diversity pattern. The Chinese fire‐bellied newt (Cynops orientalis) is an endemic species distributed in East‐central China, which has been classified as near‐threatened species recently due to habitat destruction and degradation and illegal trade in the domestic and international pet markets. So far, little is known about the spatial distribution of the species. Based on bioclimatic data of the current and future climate projections, we modeled the change in suitable habitat for C. orientalis by ten algorithms, evaluated the importance of environmental factors in shaping their distribution, and identified distribution shifts under climate change scenarios. In this study, 46 records of C. orientalis from East China and 8 bioclimatic variables were used. Among the ten modeling algorithms, four (GAM, GBM, Maxent, and RF) were selected according to their predictive abilities. The current habitat suitability showed that C. orientalis had a relatively wide but fragmented distribution, and it encompassed 41,862 km2. The models suggested that precipitation of warmest quarter (bio18) and mean temperature of wettest quarter (bio6) had the highest contribution to the model. This study revealed that C. orientalis is sensitive to climate change, which will lead to a large range shift. The projected spatial and temporal pattern of range shifts for C. orientalis should provide a useful reference for implementing long‐term conservation and management strategies for amphibians in East China.
Dithiolate and Catecholate Binding of Copper by the OO∼SS Bifunctional Ligand: Regioselectivity and Regioisomeric Transformations
Authors: Kuropatov Viacheslav A. , Cherkasova Anna V. , Martyanov Konstantin A. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Starikov Andrey G. , Cherkasov Vladimir K.
Published: June 2021

o‐Quinone bearing annulated dithiete ring (DitQ) provides a unique opportunity for comparison of properties of benzodithiolene and benzodioxolene coordination sites. The majority of Pd, Pt or alkali metal containing metallofragments are regioselectively bound either by dithiolene or dioxolene site of the DitQ, whereas Cu(II) adducts with phenanthroline or bipyridine display equilibrium between catecholate and dithiolate forms. To the best of our knowledge this is a rare example of equilibrium between regioisomeric coordination compounds. We determined the energetic parameters of this equilibrium from temperature‐dependent electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. Unambiguous dithiolate binding mode for DitQ was found in case of trinuclear Cu(I)−Cu(II)−Cu(I) species where a formal oxidation state of copper is +1
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Remote sensing of large wood in high‐resolution satellite imagery: Design of an automated classification work‐flow for multiple wood deposit types
Authors: Sendrowski Alicia , Wohl Ellen
Published: June 2021

Wood researchers increasingly rely on remote‐sensing products to augment field information about wood deposits in river corridors. The availability of very high‐resolution (<1 m) satellite imagery makes capturing wood over greater spatial extents possible, but previous studies have found difficulty in automatically extracting wood deposits due to the challenge in distinguishing wood from spectrally similar corridor features such as sand. We also lack knowledge on the spectral properties of different wood deposit types in multiple depositional environments. In this work, we explore image classification work‐flows for four wood deposit types in three North American environments: in‐channel jams deposited in the Tatshenshini River in Alaska, USA; a wood raft on the Slave River in Northwest Territories, Canada; and wood deposited along a lakeshore and coastal embayment in the Mackenzie River Delta in Northwest Territories, Canada. We compare classification results of object‐based and pixel‐based image analysis with supervised [support vector machine (SVM)] and unsupervised (ISO clustering) classifiers. We evaluate several accuracy assessment parameters and achieve overall classification accuracies of 65–99%, showing automated image classification is a possible approach for analysing wood across larger areas. We also find that wood sensitivity in the classification ranged from 0 to 95%, indicating that some techniques are better suited to wood capture than others. We find that supervised classification produced more accurate wood maps, though there is large variation in classification outcomes across environments related to spatial arrangement of wood in the landscape. We discuss the influence of depositional environment on classification and provide recommendations for designing a wood classification work‐flow.
Spring water table depth mediates within‐site variation of soil temperature in groundwater‐fed mires
Authors: Horsák Michal , Horsáková Veronika , Polášek Marek , Coufal Radovan , Hájková Petra , Hájek Michal
Published: June 2021

Groundwater‐dependent ecosystems represent globally rare edaphic islands of scattered distribution, often forming areas of regionally unique environmental conditions. A stable groundwater supply is a key parameter defining their ecological specificity, promoting also soil thermal buffering. Still, a limited number of studies dealt with the importance of water temperature in mire ecosystems and virtually no data exist on within‐site variation in the temperature buffer effect. Three temperature dataloggers, placed in patches potentially differing in groundwater supply, were installed in each of 19 Western Carpathian spring mire sites from May 2019 to July 2020. Spring source plots statistically differed in water temperature parameters from the plots located towards the spring mire margin, which did not significantly differ from one another. At the majority of sites, the temperature values changed gradually from spring source to mire margins, fitting the pattern expected in the groundwater temperature buffering scenario. Dataloggers placed in the spring sources were the most distinctive from the others in thermal buffering parameters in conditional principal component analysis. The difference between the spring source and its margin was on average 3.25 °C for 95th percentile of the recorded water temperature data points (i.e. warm extremes) and 1.91 °C for 5th percentile (i.e. cold extremes). This suggests that if the temperature at spring source area is considered, thermal buffering within a site may mitigate mainly warm extremes. Thus, our data may provide an important baseline for predictions of possibly upcoming changes in spring mire hydrology caused by climate change. Both warming and precipitation decrease can give rise to the loss or substantial reduction of buffering effect if the contrasting parameters now recorded at the central part shift to those found towards the margins of groundwater‐fed areas.
Toxicity of pemetrexed during renal impairment explained—Implications for safe treatment
Authors: Boosman René J. , Dorlo Thomas P. C. , de Rouw Nikki , Burgers Jacobus A. , Dingemans Anne‐Marie C. , van den Heuvel Michel M. , Hendriks Lizza E. L. , Biesma Bonne , Aerts Joachim G. J. V. , Croes Sander , Mathijssen Ron H. J. , Huitema Alwin D. R. , ter Heine Rob
Published: June 2021

Pemetrexed is an important component of first line treatment in patients with non‐squamous non‐small cell lung cancer. However, a limitation is the contraindication in patients with renal impairment due to hematological toxicity. Currently, it is unknown how to safely dose pemetrexed in these patients. The aim of our study was to elucidate the relationship between pemetrexed exposure and toxicity to support the development of a safe dosing regimen in patients with renal impairment. A population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis was performed based on phase II study results in three patients with renal dysfunction, supplemented with data from 106 patients in early clinical studies. Findings were externally validated with data of different pemetrexed dosing regimens. Alternative dosing regimens were evaluated using the developed model. We found that pemetrexed toxicity was driven by the time above a toxicity threshold concentration. The threshold for vitamin‐supplemented patients was 0.110 mg/mL (95% CI: 0.092‐0.146 mg/mL). It was observed that in patients with renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]: <45 mL/min) the approved dose of 500 mg/m2 would yield a high probability of severe neutropenia in the range of 51.0% to 92.6%. A pemetrexed dose of 20 mg for patients (eGFR: 20 mL/min) is shown to be neutropenic‐equivalent to the approved dose in patients with adequate renal function (eGFR: 90 mL/min), but would result in an approximately 13‐fold lower area under the concentration‐time curve. The pemetrexed exposure‐toxicity relationship is explained by a toxicity threshold and substantially different from previously thought. Without prophylaxis for toxicity, it is unlikely that a therapeutic dose can be safely administered to patients with renal impairment.
BAG3 is a negative regulator of ciliogenesis in glioblastoma and triple‐negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Linder Benedikt , Klein Caterina , Hoffmann Marina E. , Bonn Florian , Dikic Ivan , Kögel Donat
Published: June 2021

By regulating several hallmarks of cancer, BAG3 exerts oncogenic functions in a wide variety of malignant diseases including glioblastoma (GBM) and triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here we performed global proteomic/phosphoproteomic analyses of CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated isogenic BAG3 knockouts of the two GBM lines U343 and U251 in comparison to parental controls. Depletion of BAG3 evoked major effects on proteins involved in ciliogenesis/ciliary function and the activity of the related kinases aurora‐kinase A and CDK1. Cilia formation was significantly enhanced in BAG3 KO cells, a finding that could be confirmed in BAG3‐deficient versus ‐proficient BT‐549 TNBC cells, thus identifying a completely novel function of BAG3 as a negative regulator of ciliogenesis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that enhanced ciliogenesis and reduced expression of SNAI1 and ZEB1, two key transcription factors regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) are correlated to decreased cell migration, both in the GBM and TNBC BAG3 knockout cells. Our data obtained in two different tumor entities identify suppression of EMT and ciliogenesis as putative synergizing mechanisms of BAG3‐driven tumor aggressiveness in therapy‐resistant cancers.
Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of new 2‐pyridinone and 2‐iminochromene derivatives containing morpholine moiety
Authors: Salem Mohamed A. , Abbas Samir Y. , Helal Mohamed H. , Alzahrani Abdullah Y.
Published: June 2021

As trail to overcome on the antimicrobial drug‐resistance problems, new functionalized 2‐pyridinone and 2‐iminochromene derivatives bearing morpholine moiety were designed and synthesized. The 2‐pyridinone derivatives were obtained through the cyclization of cyanoacetohydrazone of 4‐morpholinylacetophenone with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, α,β‐unsaturated nitriles or 2‐(arylidene)malononitriles. The 2‐iminochromene derivatives were synthesized through the ring closure of cyanoacetohydrazonewith salicylaldehyde derivatives. The antibacterial and antifungal activities for the synthesized 2‐pyridinone and 2‐iminochromene derivatives were investigated. Most of the tested compounds showed moderate activity against P. vulgaris. Compounds 4a,b and 5a,b showed moderate activity against G −ve bacteria. All iminochromene derivatives showed moderate activity against C. albicans. Compound 8c was the most active compound.
Performance analysis of modified sine cosine optimized multistage FOPD‐PI controller for load frequency control of an islanded microgrid system
Authors: Mishra Sonalika , Prusty Ramesh Chandra , Panda Sidhartha
Published: June 2021

This research work proposes a modified sine cosine algorithm (mSCA) to optimize the parameters of a multistage fractional‐order PD‐PI (MSFOPD‐PI) controller for load frequency control of an isolated AC microgrid. Microgrid considered here is a cluster of renewable energy sources like photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine generators (WTG) which diverges from their optimal operating point due to change in its environment. Initially, the performance of proposed mSCA algorithms is compared with the original sine cosine algorithm (CSA) well as other techniques like Crow search algorithm (CSA), Artificial bee colony (ABC), Cuckoo Search (CS), Gravitational search algorithm (GSA), Dragonfly (DA) and Genetic algorithm (GA) techniques using benchmark test functions reported in the literature. In the next stage, proposed mSCA is applied to optimize MS FOPD‐PI controller parameters under different fluctuating scenarios of source and load. To demonstrate the supremacy of the proposed MS FOPD‐PI controller the performances are compared with conventional PID, PI and I controllers. A sensitivity analysis is made by varying the system parameters to justify the controller's robustness.
Machine learning modeling of the effects of media formulated with various yeast extracts on heterologous protein production in Escherichia coli
Authors: Tachibana Seiga , Chiou Tai‐Ying , Konishi Masaaki
Published: June 2021

In microbial manufacturing, yeast extract is an important component of the growth media. The production of heterologous proteins often varies because of the yeast extract composition. To identify why this reduces protein production, the effects of yeast extract composition on the growth and green fluorescent protein (GFP) production of engineered Escherichia coli were investigated using a deep neural network (DNN)‐mediated metabolomics approach. We observed 205 peaks from the various yeast extracts using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Principal component analyses of the peaks identified at least three different clusters. Using 20 different compositions of yeast extract in M9 media, the yields of cells and GFP in the yeast extract‐containing media were higher than those in the control without yeast extract by approximately 3.0‐ to 5.0‐fold and 1.5‐ to 2.0‐fold, respectively. We compared machine learning models and found that DNN best fit the data. To estimate the importance of each variable, we performed DNN with a mean increase error calculation based on a permutation algorithm. This method identified the significant components of yeast extract. DNN learning with varying numbers of input variables provided the number of significant components. The influence of specific components on cell growth and GFP production was confirmed with a validation cultivation.
Video Anthology of Movement Disorders Due to Infections in South Asia
Authors: Aggarwal Annu , Adukia Sachin , Bhatt Mohit
Published: June 2021

South Asia, encompassing many populous countries including India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, is home to a wide variety of infectious diseases several of which are disproportionately prevalent, endemic or distinctive to the region. These result in considerable morbidity and mortality, which can be greatly reduced through public‐health measures, timely diagnosis and treatment. Some of these infectious diseases have neurological manifestations including movement disorders either due to the pathogen being neuroinvasive or via an immune‐mediated response. For diseases such as Japanese encephalitis, movement disorders are the primary manifestation while for others, they can be a presenting feature. Thus, recognizing these movement disorders is often crucial to the diagnosis of the particular infection, and/or to exclude infection as a cause and arrive at the correct alternate diagnosis. Once diagnosed, the infection‐related movement disorders are treated by targeting the infectious agent, or symptomatically. In this article, we describe and illustrate a variety of movement disorders that are seen in patients infected by viruses, bacteria and parasites in South Asia. This would be of value to neurologists practicing in the region and, with the increasing ease in movement of people and pathogens, those practicing elsewhere.
Principal–agent models where a principal is only affected by extreme performances
Authors: Gerchak Yigal , Schmid Christian
Published: June 2021

We consider an independent agents setting, where only the highest or lowest achievement affects the principal. An example of highest achievement scenario is the output of parallel research and development (R&D) teams, when only the highest/best achievement matters. An example of lowest achievement could be an assembly system, where the number of product units that can be assembled equals the lowest number of adequate parts of any component. The findings show that when only extreme performances matter, a principal employs weaker incentives for multiple agents. Furthermore, the reward parameter is especially small if only the lowest achievement is relevant.
Soliton‐mode proliferation induced by cross‐phase modulation of harmonic waves by a dark‐soliton crystal in optical media
Authors: Chenui Eugene Aban , Dikandé Alain Moïse
Published: June 2021

The generation of high‐intensity optical fields from harmonic‐wave photons, interacting with dark solitons via a cross‐phase modulation coupling, both propagating in a Kerr nonlinear medium, is examined. The focus is on a pump consisting of time‐entangled dark‐soliton patterns, forming a periodic waveguide along the path of the harmonic‐wave probe. It is shown that an increase of the strength of cross‐phase modulation coupling respective to the self‐phase modulation coupling, favors soliton‐mode proliferation in the bound‐state spectrum of the trapped harmonic‐wave probe. The induced soliton modes, which display structures of periodic soliton lattices, are not just rich in numbers, they also form a great diversity of population of soliton crystals with a high degree of degeneracy.
Local excitation universal parallel transmit pulses at 9.4T
Authors: Geldschläger Ole , Bosch Dario , Glaser Steffen , Henning Anke
Published: June 2021

Purpose

To demonstrate that the concept of “universal pTx pulses” is applicable to local excitation applications.

Methods

A database of B0/ maps from eight different subjects was acquired at 9.4T. Based on these maps, universal pulses that aim at local excitation of the visual cortex area in the human brain (with a flip angle of 90° or 7°) were calculated. The remaining brain regions should not experience any excitation. The pulses were designed with an extension of the “spatial domain method.” A 2D and a 3D target excitation pattern were tested, respectively. The pulse performance was examined on non‐database subjects by Bloch simulations and in vivo at 9.4T using a GRE anatomical MRI and a presaturated TurboFLASH mapping sequence.

Results

The calculated universal pulses show excellent performance in simulations and in vivo on subjects that were not contained in the design database. The visual cortex region is excited, while the desired non‐excitation areas produce the only minimal signal. In simulations, the pulses with 3D target pattern show a lack of excitation uniformity in the visual cortex region; however, in vivo, this inhomogeneity can be deemed acceptable. A reduced field of view application of the universal pulse design concept was performed successfully.

Conclusions

The proposed design approach creates universal local excitation pulses for a flip angle of 7° and 90°, respectively. Providing universal pTx pulses for local excitation applications prospectively abandons the need for time‐consuming subject‐specific B0/ mapping and pTx‐pulse calculation during the scan session.
A novel and effective way to impose boundary conditions and to mitigate the surface effect in state‐based Peridynamics
Authors: Scabbia Francesco , Zaccariotto Mirco , Galvanetto Ugo
Published: June 2021

Peridynamics is a nonlocal continuum theory capable of modeling effectively crack initiation and propagation in solid bodies. However, the nonlocal nature of this theory is the cause of two main problems near the boundary of the body: an undesired stiffness fluctuation, the so‐called surface effect, and the difficulty of defining a rational method to properly impose the boundary conditions. The surface effect is analyzed analytically and numerically in the present paper in a state‐based peridynamic model. The authors propose a modified fictitious node method based on an extrapolation with a truncated Taylor series expansion. Furthermore, a rational procedure to impose the boundary conditions is defined with the aid of the fictitious nodes. In particular, Neumann boundary conditions are implemented via the peridynamic concept of force flux. The accuracy of the proposed method is assessed by means of several numerical examples for a state‐based peridynamic model: with respect to the peridynamic model adopting no corrections, the results are significantly improved even if low values of the truncation order for the Taylor expansion are chosen.
Medications for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Japan: A retrospective cohort study of label compliance
Authors: Fife Daniel , Voss Erica A. , Hardin Jill , Rofael Hany , Solomon Ira D. , Ryan Patrick B. , Stang Paul
Published: June 2021

Aim

To assess label compliance in prescription of medications approved for treatment of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Japan at the time of this study: methylphenidate (MPH), atomoxetine, and guanfacine.

Methods

Retrospective descriptive study was conducted in prevalent‐user cohorts from the Japan Medical Data Center database. Patients who were prescribed a study drug between January 1, 2013 and September 30, 2018 and were in the database for ≥30 days were included. A prescription was considered compliant if all 4 criteria were satisfied: appropriate age, daily dose not exceeding the approved maximum, no contraindicated concurrent medications, and no contraindicated conditions.

Results

Among 17 418 patients who were prescribed a study drug during 2013‐2018, 73% were male and 53% were children (aged <18 years). Fewer than 2% of prescriptions were for patients outside the approved age, 10%‐13% of patients in the atomoxetine and MPH cohorts received ≥1 prescription exceeding maximum approved dose, no patients were co‐prescribed a contraindicated medication, and 16%–18% of patients in the MPH cohorts had ≥1 contraindicated condition. During their first 500 days of use, for approximately 73%‐86% of patients, all prescriptions were compliant with all label requirements.

Conclusions

Among patients exposed to ADHD medications in Japan during 2013‐2018, nearly all prescriptions for these medications were label‐compliant for age. For >85% of patients, all prescriptions were label‐compliant for dose, and for approximately 80%, all prescriptions were label‐compliant for contraindicated conditions. We did not find evidence of widespread abuse or noncompliant use of prescribed ADHD medications.
Precision Production
Authors: MARKARIAN JENNIFER
Published: June 2021

Raising the bar of extrusion quality and efficiency requires controlling the variables
Sex differences in the outcomes of adults admitted to inpatient rehabilitation after stroke
Authors: MacDonald Shannon L. , Hall Ruth E. , Bell Chaim M. , Cronin Shawna , Jaglal Susan B.
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Several differences have been reported between male and female patients with stroke in clinical and sociodemographic features, treatment, and outcomes. Potential effects in the inpatient rehabilitation population are unclear.

Objective

To evaluate the differences between male and female patients in discharge functional status, length of stay, and discharge home after inpatient rehabilitation for stroke.

Design

Retrospective, population‐based cohort study.

Setting

Inpatient rehabilitation centers in Ontario, Canada.

Participants

Male (N = 10,684) and female (N = 9459) patients discharged from acute care between September 1, 2012 and August 31, 2017, with a diagnosis of stroke and subsequently admitted to inpatient rehabilitation.

Exposure Variable

Female sex.

Main Outcome Measures

Discharge Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score, length of stay, and discharge home.

Results

Female patients had a lower functional status at discharge (mean FIM score 94.1 vs. 97.8, p < .001) and a lower proportion were discharged home (81.1% vs. 82.9%, p = .001). Female and male patients had similar rehabilitation length of stay (mean 31.8 vs. 31.7 days, p = .90). In the adjusted analyses, there was no difference in discharge functional status between male and female patients (FIM score β −.20 [95% confidence interval [CI] −0.64 to 0.25]). Female patients had a mean length of stay 2% shorter (0.98 [95% CI 0.96–0.99]) and a higher odds of discharge home (odds ratio [OR] 1.14 [95% CI 1.05–1.24]).

Conclusions

There were no clinically significant sex differences in outcomes after inpatient rehabilitation for stroke. Observed sex disparities in the general stroke population may not be directly applicable to individuals undergoing inpatient rehabilitation.
The assimilation of microwave humidity sounder observations in all‐sky conditions
Authors: Candy Brett , Migliorini Stefano
Published: June 2021

Numerical weather prediction (NWP) schemes use a wide variety of satellite observations to help constrain atmospheric analyses. Passive microwave humidity data from channels operating in the water vapour band at 183 GHz, such as those on the Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS), are an important component of the satellite observing network. At this frequency the observations are very sensitive to scattering from ice crystals and, until recently, quality‐control tests were used at the Met Office to exclude assimilation of these data in regions of strong scattering such as thick cirrus clouds. In the work described here we report on improvements to the pre‐processing and assimilation of MHS data within the global NWP scheme at the Met Office, with the goal of utilising the data in scenes where liquid and ice cloud strongly affect the radiances. These improvements include the introduction of an observation operator that models the effects of ice scattering, and a scene‐dependent observation error model. The error model is based on the estimated cloud ice and cloud liquid in the field of view. The new scheme has increased observation usage of MHS data over ocean by up to 40%. Trials have shown benefits to forecasts in both boreal summer and winter seasons. In the boreal summer period, for example, low‐level wind forecast errors have improved in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics by up to 0.6%. Also, our experiments show evidence of significant improvements to the fit between observations and short‐range forecasts for humidity‐sensitive channels operating in both the microwave and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
3‐4: Invited Paper: All‐Inkjet‐Printed Low‐Voltage Organic Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Jiang Chen
Published: June 2021

Organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) have the advantage of potentially low‐cost manufacturing and mechanical robustness. However, the traditional OTFT requires high operating voltages, thereby constraining its applications in the real world. In this paper, we examine the main issues underlying the OTFT that lead to a high operating voltage. We review printed OTFTs and demonstrate ways to reduce the operating voltage by suppressing the interface trap density. Recent advances in all‐inkjet‐printed low‐voltage organic thin‐film transistors show it is possible for the subthreshold slope to approach the thermionic limit. Based on this technology, an all‐inkjet‐printed ultra‐low‐power high‐gain amplifier, applied to eye movement tracking by detecting human electrooculogram signals, is presented.
9‐1: Fabrication of Lateral Crystal Si on Cu Bottom‐Gate Structure via Blue‐Laser Diode Annealing (BLDA)
Authors: Toriyama Seiya , Kosugi Junichi , Kosuge Takanori , Saito Kaori , Sawai, Takuya , Yingbao Yang , Sasaki Nobuo , Gotoh Jun , Sugimoto Shigeto
Published: June 2021

We report that Si lateral crystal is fabricated on bottom gate cupper electrode with having no crack and ablation of the electrode by blue laser diode annealing (BLDA). In CW laser annealing, the long irradiation time and wide beam width induce some damage to glass substrate, electrode and membrane, so our research adopted a narrow beam size (33 μm × 8.25 μm) and fast scanning speed (over 500 mm/s) in order to reduce the amount of generated thermal in annealing. In our presentation, evaluation of Si crystals fabricated on Cu electrodes, cross‐section SEM results indicating no metal damage and relationship between laser irradiation time and the damage are discussed. Our BLDA system can realize high TFT mobility and which is composed of inexpensive beam heads, therefore it is expected to be applied to Mini LED back light and OLED etc.
9‐5: Picosecond‐Laser Blackening of TFT Side Films: A New Technology for Bright‐Pixel Repair
Authors: HAN Hai-bin , WANG He-wei , WANG Bin , LIU Tao , QIAO Lv-hua , LENG Hao
Published: June 2021

In this paper, for the first time, picosecond laser was used to blacken the TFT side of LCD panel pixels. And this is a new technology to repair the bright pixel. The purpose of shading was successfully realized and the effect of darkening was achieved. And through a series of characterization to explore the mechanism of film darkening: laser through the TFT substrate glass, a part of the ITO film falls off and is formed by the laser impact into the Si3Nx film, the reduction reaction occurs with H in Si3N4 to produce black InO and SnO, Thus, the transmittance of the film is reduced and pixel shading is completed.
10‐1: Invited Paper: An In Depth Comparison of Methods to Evaluate Bending Failure for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Cordill Megan J. , Kreiml Patrice
Published: June 2021

For flexible electrical systems there are no standardized evaluation methods or failure criteria. This study compares in‐situ and ex‐situ bending under similar conditions (2.5% tensile bending strain, 10,000 cycles) in combination with optical and electrical evaluation methods on a 135/50 nm thick Al/Mo bilayer on 125 μm polyimide material system. The results show that under most circumstances the two bending tests studied show inhomogeneous, but comparable damage distribution. The test of electrical conductivity is more meaningful than crack density, as similar crack densities may yield vastly different conductivities when reached with different cycle speeds.
20‐1: Invited Paper: Increasing OLED Stability: Plasmonic PHOLED
Authors: Thompson Nicholas J. , Fusella Michael A. , Saramak Renata , Bushati Rezlind , Mundoor Haridas , Menon Vinod M. , Weaver Michael S. , Brown Julia J.
Published: June 2021

In this paper we introduce a new light emitting device where phosphorescent emitters are intentionally coupled to the surface plasmon mode of the cathode. This achieves a decay rate enhancement and with subsequent conversion of the energy to photons in free space, we realize net gains in efficiency and stability.
26‐1: Invited Paper: Boron Based Deep Blue TADF Materials and Hyperfluorescence Devices
Authors: Lee Hyuna , Hyuk Kwon Jang
Published: June 2021

We report boron based deep blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) material and its hyperfluorescence devices. Our synthesized TADF materials show EQEs of 30~39% and long device lifetime (LT90) of over 40 hrs at initial luminance of 1,000 cd/m2 with consideration of the bond dissociation energy and host engineering. The hyperfluorescence device with these TADF hosts shows the high EQE of 39.3% and 19 nm of narrow full width at half medium (FWHM) with maximum peak at 473 nm.
29‐4: Invited Paper: Human Eye's Sharp Vision Area Stabilization for VR Headsets
Authors: Alexandrov Vladimir , Chertopolokhov Viktor
Published: June 2021

Modern VR headsets have high‐resolution screens sufficient for clear vision, but tracking delays, virtual motion as well as low framerate that leads to users having motion sickness disrupt it. This paper studies different ways to stabilize an image on the fovea (eye retina's central area): the possibilities of motion forecast, galvanic stimulation, and foveated rendering.
31‐3: Continuous High‐Efficiency Beam Deflector for AR/VR Devices
Authors: Yousefzadeh Comrun , Van Rynbach Andre , Bryant Doug , Bos Philip
Published: June 2021

The use of Augmented/Virtual Reality (AR/VR) and near‐eye displays (NED) can cause eye fatigue due to the mismatch of the accommodation and convergence (AC) distances. Maxwellian view displays (retina‐projection display) have the potential to bypass AC mismatch by projecting the image directly onto the retina. In this approach, the final image always stays in focus at the retina by converging the rays at the eye pupil, therefore, making tthe focus depth independent. However, the narrow eyebox size can hinder the employment of this approach. Therefore, there is a need for a beam steering device with high‐efficiency, continuous steering capabilities that, in combination with an eye‐tracking system, could expand the application of AR/VR systems. In this paper, we represent a novel approach to a fully tunable beam steering device based on the Pancharatnam‐Berry phase in a liquid crystal. This device maintains a high efficiency that, along with an eye‐tracking system, can potentially address the limitations in Maxwellian view systems.
31‐5: Student Paper: Liquid Crystal Based 5 cm Adaptive Focus Lens to Solve Accommodation‐Convergence (AC) Mismatch Issue of AR/VR/3D Displays
Authors: Bhowmick Amit K , Jamali Afsoon , Bryant Douglas , Pintz Sandro , Bos Philip J
Published: June 2021

Vision discomfort due to the accommodation‐convergence mismatch remains a challenge for current HMDs used for VR/AR applications. A potential solution of this issue is to use an adaptive focus lens that is lightweight, flat and has a large aperture. In this paper, we present a 5 cm diameter Liquid Crystal based focus tunable lens. Despite the large aperture, the lens has characteristics of fast switching speed(500ms), low driving voltage (<5 V), and low thickness (<5mm).
32‐4: Student Paper: Chromatic Aberration Correction Enabled by Broadband Cholesteric Liquid‐Crystal Lens for Pancake Virtual‐Reality Optics
Authors: Li Yannanqi , Zhan Tao , Yang Zhiyong , Xu Chi , Likamwa Patrick L. , Li Kun , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: June 2021

A broadband cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) lens is fabricated and then integrated with a refractive lens, forming an ultracompact catadioptric pancake lens that can be employed as a virtual reality (VR) viewing optic with reduced chromatic aberrations. The demonstrated VR lens is a strong contender for next‐generation VR displays.
34‐5: Adaptive Refresh Rate and Resolution: Exploiting the Limitations of Spatio‐Temporal Vision
Authors: Mantiuk Rafał K. , Denes Gyorgy
Published: June 2021

We present two techniques that exploit the limitations of the visual system to reduce the bandwidth or computational cost of driving high‐resolution and high‐refresh‐rate displays. The first technique lets us render every second frame at half the resolution when presented on high‐refresh‐rate displays. The second technique lets us choose the best trade‐off between spatial resolution and refresh rate given the velocity of the presented motion. In this paper we summarize both techniques and analyze their performance in the context of psychophysical models of motion.
36‐2: Invited Paper: LCD with Integrated In‐cell Fingerprint Sensor
Authors: Peng Chia-Tien , Chen Ming-Yao , Lo Jui-Chi , Guo Wen-Rei , Tsai Wen-Ching , Huang Wei-Ming , Wu Yang-An
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a novel optical type in‐cell fingerprint sensor (iFP) technology, which can detect a user's fingerprint on display. By using low temperature polysilicon (LTPS) TFT process, new sensor material, and active pixel sensor circuit (APS), this sensor can detect a fingerprint image with good performance. The FPS/Touch/Display Driver IC (FTDI) is also implemented in this work, and successfully demonstrated.
37‐2: Invited Paper: 8K Zero Border LC Display
Authors: Hsu Ya-Ling , Chung Yueh-Hung , Yu Ti-Kuei , Pai Chia-Hsuan , Liao Chien-Huang , Liao Cheng-Hsien , Su Jenn-Jia
Published: June 2021

The world's first mass‐produced 8K TV with zero border design has been launched in 2020. A series of large‐size products with a screen‐to‐body ratio close to 100% are on the market. With unique panel design and process control, we break through the limitation and reduce the cell border to less than 0.9mm. In this article, we will discuss the challenges and solutions from design and process point of view. In addition, a new pixel design concept will be introduced to minimize the transmittance loss with additional signal lines.
38‐5: Student Paper: Waveguide Liquid Crystal Display with Light Waveguide Plate for Transparent Display
Authors: Shin Yunho , Zhou Ziyuan , Wang Qian , Harder Suman , Qin Guangkui , Wang Long , Peng Yidan , Jia Nanfang , Zhou Li , Xu Xiaoguang , Yang Deng-Ke
Published: June 2021

We report a transparent display based on light waveguide liquid crystal display (LCD) under illumination of a light waveguide plate. LED is installed on the edge of the display. The generated light is coupled into the LCD by the light waveguide plate. In the voltage‐off state, the LC is transparent, and the incident light is waveguided through the display and no light comes out of the viewing side of the display. When a voltage is applied, the LC become scattering, and the incident light is scattered out of the viewing side of the display. The spatial uniformity of the light intensity of the display is significantly improved by the light waveguide plate. The transparent display has the merits of high contrast ratio, suitable driving voltage, and a sub‐milli second ultrafast response time. Furthermore, it does not need polarizers and color filter, and thus has a very high transmittance in the voltage‐off state.
39‐1: Invited Paper: Advanced Hyper‐Viewing Angle Controllable LCD
Authors: Chiu Min-Hsuan , Cheng Hsiao-Wei , Chen Chi-Hao , Cheng Wei-Ming , Tsai Wen-Ching
Published: June 2021

We have developed a new viewing angle controllable liquid crystal panel we called it lens type switching cell, which can effectively control the light through a special electrode design and rubbing conditions. In the structure, the design of the switching cell combined with the based panel and the backlight is called Advanced Hyper‐Viewing Angle Controllable (AH‐VAC) LCD. This panel In addition to having a good anti‐peep effect, the sharing mode can also have a good light viewing angle characteristic according to the voltage setting.
41‐2: Student Paper: High‐Dynamic‐Range HUD with a Polarization Selective Optical Combiner
Authors: Zou Junyu , Hsiang En-Lin , Zhan Tao , Yin Kun , He Ziqian , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: June 2021

We demonstrate a full‐color high dynamic range head‐up display (HUD) based on a polarization selective optical combiner. A polarization modulation layer is applied to distinguish the polarization state of pixels in image content area and dark area. Both bright and dark states of the HUD are enhanced significantly.
42‐2: Distinguished Paper: Effects of Luminance Contrast and Font Size on Dual‐Plane HUD Legibility (“The Double 007 Rule for HUDs”)
Authors: Wan Jingyan , Tsimhoni Omer
Published: June 2021

Head‐up displays (HUDs) can provide important driving information such as speed and navigation directly to a driver within their immediate field of view, and thus improve driving experience. Specifically, a dual‐plane AR‐HUD can provide drivers with larger images with richer information, more intuitive information presentation, and enhanced navigation features. To ensure driver comfort, proper presentation format of the text on the dual‐plane HUD needs to be investigated. A human factors experiment was conducted to explore proper luminance contrast and font size of the text on a HUD. Twenty older and nine mid‐age drivers were instructed to recognize letters in fourteen levels of font size under each of eight levels of luminance contrast (ranging from 1.2:1, to 8:1) on each plane. The best test performance was observed at a luminance contrast of 7:1. We report the minimum and upper bound of 95% confidence interval of legible vertical visual angle for 99.5% of older drivers at each level of luminance contrast. While the typical legibility rule of thumb for font height vs. distance on standard displays is .007 (also known as the Bond rule), our experiment suggests that double that size (0.014) was needed to cover 99.5% of older drivers at a contrast ratio of 1.2:1 on a HUD.
51‐1: Invited Paper: The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) and Aspects of Measurement Uncertainty in Photometry
Authors: Blattner Peter
Published: June 2021

The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) is the umbrella organization of the various national lighting societies. On the one hand it is a standardization authority, on the other hand it is also a scientific organization. This article shows current fields of activity that are relevant for the display industry and provides some information about the concept of measurement uncertainty also applicable to the measurement of displays.