bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI LAYANAN GOǧDOK ȍGO DOKUMEN KEPENDUDUKAN DALAM PELAYANAN ADMINISTRASI KEPENDUDUKAN OLEH DINAS KEPENDUDUKAN DAN PENCATATAN SIPIL KOTA TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Rombe Aestraiko Sujantor Salu
Published: August 2024

Masalah utama bagi pemerintah daerah ialah bagaimana menciptakan kebijakan dan program untuk dapat mengembangkan inovasi dalam memenuhi tuntutan masyarakat terhadap pelayanan publik yang prima. Salah satu dari pelayanan publik yang diberikan oleh pemerintah daerah kepada masyarakat adalah pelayanan administrasi kependudukan. Dalam hal ini peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan induktif yang dilakukan dengan fokus implementasi kebijakan layanan GO-DOK dengan lokus di Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kota Tasikmalaya. Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil bahwa implementasi layanan GO-DOK dalam pelayanan administrasi kependudukan oleh Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kota Tasikmalaya telah berjalan dengan efektif yang ditunjukan pada action programs, implementing activities dan Outcomes dengan hasil yang efektif. Faktor penghambat yang ditemukan adalah beberapa kendala seperti adanya permasalahan jaringan, permasalahan dalam aplikasi serta kurangnya sosialisasi kepada masyarakat. Sementara faktor pendukung yang ditemukan adalah ketersediaan anggaran dan terlaksananya kegiatan, sumber daya manusia yang berkompeten, ketersediaan sarana dan prasana yang ada, regulasi yang jelas dan dukungan politik dan birokrasi.Kata Kunci : Implementasi Kebijakan, Pelayanan Administrasi Kependudukan, Pemerintah Daerah, GO-DOK.
La Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, UNMSM
Authors: Medina Juan Y.
Published: August 2024

La Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) celebra sus 80 años de vida institucional. Su legado de innovación científica y formación de líderes ha dejado una huella imborrable en la comunidad académica y en la sociedad, con un firme compromiso hacia la mejora de la salud pública. En esta conmemoración, exploramos los orígenes de la enseñanza farmacéutica en el Perú, hasta su consolidación como Facultad, la cual ha tenido como guía la búsqueda de excelencia académica e investigación para afrontar desafíos y contribuir al desarrollo científico en el país.
Comparative Analysis of Formative And Summative Evaluation in Indonesian Language Learning at SMA Tunas Harapan
Authors: Aurel Malinda Zettirah  , Fais Afifah  , Nur Syamsiyah
Published: August 2024

This research aims to determine the comparison of formative and summative evaluations implemented in schools. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods. The subjects in this research were grade 12 students at Tunas Harapan High School. The data in the research is in the form of student answers in a questionnaire which has been distributed by the author using GForm. The data collection techniques applied in this research are observation techniques and distributing questionnaires. The research results show that in learning Indonesian, Tunas Harapan High School carries out formative evaluations and summative evaluations in the form of questions and final projects. Formative and summative evaluations are interrelated and important in measuring student understanding and helping teachers adjust developments in learning system design.
Third Language Acquisition: A Systematic Review
Authors: Icha Fadhilasari
Published: August 2024

The phenomenon of third language acquisition has spread rapidly in recent decades, as one of the multifaceted effects of the current era of globalization. In a world where multilinguals outnumber monolinguals, the study of third language (L3) acquisition has become an area of ​​interest for many researchers. This article aims to provide an overview of reviews of several studies regarding third language acquisition.A systematic review method was used in this study, based on research questions that govern which studies will be included for review. This study aims to investigate research trends on third language acquisition. The results of this research show that several studies after 2020 only focused on transfer errors due to cross-linguistic influences at the morphosyntactic level.
Application of The Problem Based Learning Model in Indonesian Language Learning Class IX E at SMPN 1 Diwek
Authors: Rika Sari Solikah  , Arisni Kholifatu Amalia Shofiani
Published: August 2024

This research was conducted with the aim of exploring the effectiveness of using the problem based learning model on Indonesian language learning outcomes for student in grade IX E at SMPN 1 Diwek, Jombang Regency. Researchers found problems in Indonesian language learning implemented by teachers which were still conventional, this factor also had the potential to influence student learning achievement thus, the learning model needs to be updated to achieve success in implementing teaching and learning activities. This research is a qualitative study using field methods, where researchers are directly involved in observations, both regarding the teaching and learning process and conditions in the school. The data collection methods applied include observation, interviews and documentation. The research subjects were students in class IX E at SMPN 1 Diwek Jombang with a total of 31 students and Indonesian language teachers in class IX E. Data analysis in this research included the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of this research are that after implementing the problem based learning model on class IX E students, students showed increased contextual understanding through active participation in problem solving, critical thinking, analyzing problems collaboratively, student involvement in increasing their motivation and involvement in the process of learning Indonesian language By implementing a problem-based learning model, it is very effectively implemented in class IX E of SMPN 1 Diwek Jombang.
Analysis of EYD Writing Errors in Student Assignments in Indonesia Language Learning Official Letter Material Class VII MTs. Roudlotur Rosmani Bengkulu City
Authors: Sitti Fathiah Fajriani  , Irwan Satria  , Vebbi Andra
Published: August 2024

This research aims to describe the forms of EYD Writing Errors in Student Assignments in Indonesian Language Learning Official Letters Material Class VII at MTs Roudlotur Rosmani Bengkulu City and the factors that cause EYD Writing Errors in Student Assignments in Indonesian Language Learning Official Letters Material Class VII at MTs Roudlotur Rosmani, Bengkulu City. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The data collection techniques in this research are observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The data in this research were obtained from 15 official letters written by class VII students at MTs Roudlotur Rosmani. The results of this research show that there are three forms of EYD writing errors, namely errors in using letters, writing words, and using punctuation marks. The results of this research also found the factors that cause EYD writing errors in the task of writing official letters by class VII students at MTs Roudlotur Rosmani, namely students' low knowledge of writing rules, neglect of writing rules, students' habits of not revising the results of writing assignments, and class conditions that are not conducive.
Pengaruh Penyuluhan Kesehatan Terhadap Pengetahuan Tentang Perilaku Seksual Pada Siswa Di SMP N 1 Permata Intan Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Novembriany Yerika Elok , Darmita Yuyun
Published: August 2024

Latar Belakang: Perilaku seksual pada remaja merupakan salah satu bentuk perilaku yang mendorong remaja untuk melakukan hubungan seks pranikah. Remaja yang melakukan perilaku seksual di Kalimantan Tengah sebesar 88,0%. Untuk siswa SMP N 1 Permata Berlian, berdasarkan pengetahuan tentang perilaku seksual mencapai 80% dengan pengetahuan yang baik, sedangkan 20% berpengetahuan kurang.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan tentang perilaku seksual di SMP-N 1 Permata Intan tahun 2023.Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif. Populasi adalah 34 siswa di SMP-N 1 Permata Intan. Dengan sampel sebanyak 34 siswa, menggunakan teknik total sampling. instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner dengan 20 pertanyaan.Hasil Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa pengaruh pengetahuan tentang perilaku seksual pada remaja di SMP-N 1 Permata Intan, sebelum diberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang perilaku seksual dikategorikan berpengetahuan kurang sebanyak 16 orang (47%), dan tingkat pengetahuan baik sebanyak 9 orang (26%), tingkat pengetahuan cukup sebanyak 9 (26%). setelah diberikan penyuluhan terdapat 15 orang (44%) berpengetahuan cukup, 9 orang (29%) berpengetahuan baik, 10 orang (29%) berpengetahuan kurang.Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa pendidikan kesehatan secara signifikan berdampak pada pengetahuan remaja tentang perilaku seksual di SMP-N 1 Permata Intan. Sebelum intervensi, sebagian besar siswa memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang memadai, tetapi konseling menghasilkan peningkatan yang signifikan, dengan mayoritas mencapai pemahaman yang cukup atau baik. Hal ini menyoroti efektivitas pendidikan kesehatan yang ditargetkan dalam meningkatkan kesadaran dan pemahaman di kalangan remaja, yang berpotensi meningkatkan pengambilan keputusan dan mempromosikan perilaku yang lebih sehat di masyarakat. Upaya berkelanjutan dalam pendidikan kesehatan sangat penting untuk mempertahankan dan meningkatkan hasil ini dari waktu ke waktu.
Implementation Of Public Health Program Model To Manage Malnutrition Among Under-Five Children In Purworejo District, Central Java
Authors: Risnawati Risnawati , Susilowati Tuti , Apreliasari Helmy
Published: August 2024

Background:Purworejo District in Indonesia has a persistent issue of high malnutrition rates among children under five years old. Despite efforts, the prevalence of malnutrition in this demographic continues to rise, highlighting the urgent need for effective health interventions.Aim:This study aimed to develop and evaluate the "Implementation of Public Health Program Model to Manage Malnutrition among Under-five Children in Purworejo District, Central Java". The study utilized both qualitative and quantitative research designs, incorporating descriptive and analytical methods. The research spanned from understanding health issues through program evaluation, conducted in Grantung Village, Bayan Sub-District, Purworejo District, from August to November 2023.Method:The study employed a mixed-methods approach, beginning with advanced identification of health issues, followed by model creation, implementation of the health program, community education, and evaluation of the "Implementation of Public Health Program Model to Manage Malnutrition among Under-five Children in Purworejo District, Central Java”. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Commission of Semarang State University and research permission from the Purworejo District Government. Participants provided informed consent before taking part in the study.Result:The study found that the implemented public health program model effectively addressed malnutrition among under-five children in Purworejo District. Significant improvements were observed in the knowledge (p-value=0.001), attitude (p-value=0.001), and perception (p-value=0.023) of parents/caretakers regarding malnutrition.Conclusion:The "Implementation of Public Health Program Model to Manage Malnutrition among Under-five Children in Purworejo District, Central Java” demonstrated its efficacy in indirectly managing malnutrition among children in the region. The findings underscore the importance of tailored health interventions in addressing community health challenges like malnutrition effectively.
ANALISIS SENTIMEN OBJEK WISATA DI GOOGLE MAPS MENGGUNAKAN METODE DECISION TREE
Authors: Tukino Tukino , Hakim Arif Rahman
Published: August 2024

Tourism is a popular choice for travelers exploring a city. Typically, people rely on Google Reviews to assess the quality of tourist spots by checking ratings and reading reviews. However, discrepancies between reviews and ratings can occur. In this case study, we focus on Taman Wisata Taman Laut Batam in Batam city. Using the Decision tree method, we conducted sentiment analysis. The results revealed more positive sentiments (200) than negative sentiments (141). The F1-score accuracy was 79.59%, with a margin of error of ±8.78%. Precision for positive predictions was 71.00%, while negative predictions had 77.49% precision. Recall values were 75.53% for positive predictions and 62.09% for negative predictions. Overall, positive sentiment predictions achieved an F1-score of 87.07%, while negative predictions scored 74.73%.
Early life exposures of childhood asthma and allergies—an epidemiologic perspective
Authors: Melaram Rajesh
Published: August 2024

Children around the world are continuing to develop and suffer from chronic lung diseases such as asthma. Childhood asthma commonly presents with recurrent episodes of cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing, all of which can lead to missed school days and hospitalization admissions. The role of environmental pollutants and aeroallergens has been increasingly recognized in relation to asthma etiology. We showcase the impacts of air pollution and pollen exposures in early life on childhood asthma and allergies through an epidemiologic perspective. We also examine the effects of indoor microbial exposures such as endotoxin and glucan on allergic diseases in schoolchildren as many spend most of their time in a household or classroom setting. Findings of this work can assist in the identification of key environmental factors in critical life periods and improve clinicians’ diagnoses of asthma during early childhood.
Cross-domain prediction approach of human lower limb voluntary movement intention for exoskeleton robot based on EEG signals
Authors: Dong Runlin , Zhang Xiaodong , Li Hanzhe , Lu Zhufeng , Li Cunxin , Zhu Aibin
Published: August 2024

Background and Objective

Exoskeleton robot control should ideally be based on human voluntary movement intention. The readiness potential (RP) component of the motion-related cortical potential is observed before movement in the electroencephalogram and can be used for intention prediction. However, its single-trial features are weak and highly variable, and existing methods cannot achieve high cross-temporal and cross-subject accuracies in practical online applications. Therefore, this work aimed to combine a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) framework with a transfer learning (TL) strategy to predict the lower limb voluntary movement intention, thereby improving the accuracy while enhancing the model generalization capability; this would also provide sufficient processing time for the response of the exoskeleton robotic system and help realize robot control based on the intention of the human body.

Methods

The signal characteristics of the RP for lower limb movement were analyzed, and a parameter TL strategy based on CNN was proposed to predict the intention of voluntary lower limb movements. We recruited 10 subjects for offline and online experiments. Multivariate empirical-mode decomposition was used to remove the artifacts, and the moment of onset of voluntary movement was labeled using lower limb electromyography signals during network training.

Results

The RP features can be observed from multiple data overlays before the onset of voluntary lower limb movements, and these features have long latency periods. The offline experimental results showed that the average movement intention prediction accuracy was 95.23% ± 1.25% for the right leg and 91.21% ± 1.48% for the left leg, which showed good cross-temporal and cross-subject generalization while greatly reducing the training time. Online movement intention prediction can predict results about 483.9 ± 11.9 ms before movement onset with an average accuracy of 82.75%.

Conclusion

The proposed method has a higher prediction accuracy with a lower training time, has good generalization performance for cross-temporal and cross-subject aspects, and is well-prioritized in terms of the temporal responses; these features are expected to lay the foundation for further investigations on exoskeleton robot control.
Wind-resistance and seismic behavior of a steel frame elevator with square hollow section members and semi-rigid joints
Authors: Zhao Bi-Da , Xu Chao-Chao , Zhu Hao-Chuan , Chen Rui-Sheng , Wu Jia-Li , Qi Yuan-Sen , Jin Zhen-Fen
Published: August 2024

This article presents a study of the wind-resistance and seismic behavior of steel frame elevator structures with square hollow section (SHS) members. The study was conducted by numerical analysis, it begins by examining the semi-rigid performance of SHS T-joints (beam-column joints) under in-plane bending moment, proposes a semi-rigid connection model for the joints, and then investigates the influence of semi-rigid joint effect on the performance of the steel elevators. Finite element (FE) results showed that the semi-rigid model can predict the moment-rotation response of the beam-column joints. The results also showed that the natural vibration period of the elevator with semi-rigid joints is 20% higher than that of an elevator with rigid joints. The semi-rigid joint effect causes the lateral drift of the elevator to increase by more than 47% under wind load, causing the maximum story drift of the elevator to exceed the limit specified in the current code. The semi-rigid joint effect causes the lateral displacement of the elevator to increase by approximately 15%–30% under the seismic waves of a rare earthquake.
miR-137: a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer
Authors: Liu Shuanshuan , Ruan Yanyun , Chen Xu , He Bao , Chen Qi
Published: August 2024

Lung cancer is a prevalent malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, posing a significant threat to human health. Despite advancements in treatment, the prognosis for lung cancer patients remains poor due to late diagnosis, cancer recurrence, and drug resistance. Epigenetic research, particularly in microRNAs, has introduced a new avenue for cancer prevention and treatment. MicroRNAs, including miR-137, play a vital role in tumor development by regulating various cellular processes. MiR-137 has garnered attention for its tumor-suppressive properties, with studies showing its potential in inhibiting cancer progression. In lung cancer, miR-137 is of particular interest, with numerous reports exploring its role and mechanisms. A comprehensive review is necessary to consolidate current evidence. This review highlights recent studies on miR-137 in lung cancer, covering cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, drug resistance, and therapy, emphasizing its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer treatment and prognosis.
Zero-waste multistage utilization of dandelion root
Authors: Fang Yongwei , He Aimin , Chen Weihua , Jia Xiaohui , Zhao Mingqin , Lai Miao , Zhang Hong
Published: August 2024

Introduction

In the fragrance and perfume industry, the controlled release of fragrances are crucial factors that contribute to consumer appeal and product quality enhancement. In this study, various aromatic active substances were extracted from dandelion root (DR), which was subsequently calcined to produce high-performance porous biochar material.

Methods

The dandelion root biochar (DRB) material was identified as promising adsorbents for the controlled release of fragrances. Furfuryl alcohol was chosen as the model fragrance for inclusion and controlled release studies.

Results and discussion

The DRB exhibited a substantial specific surface area of 991.89 m2/g, facilitating efficient storage and controlled release capabilities. Additionally, the DRB’s high stability and porous nature facilitated rapid collection and efficient recyclability. This research significantly contributes to the development of a sustainable, zero-waste multistage utilization strategy for dandelion roots, indicating a potential applications in the food flavoring industry and environmental conservations.
A “war” over lobster and whales: The issue-attention cycle, media discourse, and political ecology of right whale science and conservation in six US newspapers
Authors: Reamer Marcus , Macdonald Catherine , Wester Julia , Fielding Russell , Shriver-Rice Meryl
Published: August 2024

News organizations and journalists are important and influential actors in environmental politics. Their reporting on social and environmental issues often follows issue-attention cycles (IACs) that emphasize drama and problematization to maintain public interest. This study examined nearly 13  years of news coverage to understand the media discourse about the Critically Endangered North Atlantic right whale (NARW) and its conservation. Content analysis and critical discourse analysis were used to analyze 356 texts published in six large US newspapers between January 1, 2010 and March 15, 2023. NARW conservation and management received increased public attention and an IAC began in 2017 after an Unusual Mortality Event began, with 75 percent of the sampled articles (n = 267) published from 2017 on. The Boston Globe published a majority of the sampled texts (n = 209) and Globe reporter David Abel was the most prolific journalist with 50 bylines. The coverage featured six themes representing threats to the species, science and technological development, and tourism, local lifestyle, and culture. The most common topic was that of American lobster fishing gear and whale entanglements (n = 162, 45.5%). In that discourse journalists emphasized the political ecology of NARW conservation, focusing on disagreements between whale experts and advocates and commercial lobster fishermen and their allies as they sought to influence decision making by the National Marine Fisheries Service. Journalists presented the issue through a conflict frame and each group used distinct discursive strategies in an attempt to shape the discourse and public opinion related to new or stricter regulations for the commercial lobster fishery designed to reduce the risk of entanglement for NARWs. Findings suggest that this IAC related to NARW science and conservation has already moved through at least three of five key stages and will inevitably lose public interest, which has important implications for future communication and advocacy related to NARW conservation. This case study demonstrates the continued importance of media to conservation – as public forums for discussion, essential parts of organizational strategies for change, and as an externality that can influence conservation outcomes. Support for communication research and practice are vital to successful conservation.
Clinical parameters in patients with halitosis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jazzar Ahoud , AlDehlawi Hebah , Farag Arwa , Alhamed Sana , Akeel Sara , Mair Yasmin , Flemban Kenana , Alqassab Hidaya , Aljohani Khalid
Published: August 2024

Background

Halitosis, a socially and psychologically impactful condition often resulting from oral or systemic issues, is exacerbated by factors like aging, poor oral hygiene, and dietary choices. This study aimed to investigate the association between halitosis and stress by measuring salivary cortisol levels and the Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS).

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 40 participants was conducted using questionnaires and clinical measurements to assess halitosis and stress levels. Saliva samples were collected and analyzed for cortisol using ELISA. Participants’ stress was assessed with the Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale Questionnaire (CPSS-10) questionnaire, and halitosis was measured with a Halimeter and self-assessment questionnaire. Clinical measurements included Plaque Index (PI) and the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) score.

Results

Forty subjects were split into a halitosis group (mean age 30.75 ± 10.15) and group with no halitosis (mean age 26 ± 5.3). Objective measures confirmed higher halitosis scores (3.70 ± 0.73) in the halitosis group vs. the second group (2.60 ± 1.67). Compared with the group with no halitosis, the halitosis group exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) more plaque (27.92% ± 17.16% vs. 47.50 ± 33.57%; p < 0.05) and higher DMFT scores (10.10 ± 2.51 vs. 26 ± 5.30), respectively. Salivary cortisol levels were similar across groups (1.721 ng/ml halitosis, 1.781 ng/ml without halitosis). Correlations showed a moderate positive relationship between DMFT and halimeter scores (r = 0.377, p = 0.018) and a moderate negative correlation between stress and plaque index (r = −0.403, p = 0.011), with no correlation between halimeter score and cortisol or CPSS score.

Conclusions

Our findings showed that while halitosis severity correlated with higher DMFT scores and plaque accumulation, there was no significant association with salivary cortisol levels, suggesting that stress, as measured by salivary cortisol, may not be a direct contributor to halitosis. Furthermore, the data suggest that poor oral hygiene is a more significant factor in the development of halitosis than stress levels, as assessed by the CPSS-10.
Teachers need socio-moral competencies to successfully address bias-based bullying: The case for promoting professional ethos
Authors: Gutzwiller-Helfenfinger Eveline
Published: August 2024

This conceptual article proposes a contextualized view of teachers’ professional ethos in the area of school bullying in general and regarding bias-based bullying in particular. I argue that teachers need a contextualized or embedded professional ethos to successfully address bias-based bullying and promote positive social relationships among students. Three objectives relating to the improvement of educational practices in addressing school bullying, particularly bias-based bullying, are pursued. First, with a view to professionalizing teachers, this article attempts to make tangible the abstract concept of professional ethos, a concept largely neglected in contemporary teacher education. Secondly, the contribution synthesizes current knowledge on the phenomenon of bias-based bullying in schools and the role of teachers in the bullying dynamics, highlighting the link between empirical findings and pedagogical practice. Thirdly, I propose a contextualized model as a guide how teachers’ professional ethos in the area of bias-based bullying can be developed and fostered.
The relation between FT3 and long-term fatigue in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Dong Shuo , Ding FanRui , Wang Yuan , Liu Shuo , Bai Ran , Liu YuanYuan , Zhao Yin , Zhu YueRan , Liu MengXue , Liu Yuenan , Xing Qian
Published: August 2024

Background

Under the current pandemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), The relationship between fatigue and COVID-19 has been found. Infection with COVID-19 is associated with fatigue long after the acute phase of COVID-19. Understanding the association of thyroid hormones levels with post-COVID condition, such as fatigue, is necessary to improve quality of life.

Methods

This population-based cohort study was conducted in Dalian, China, from December 2022, to March 2023, using a Yidu Core platform in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, that integrates medical records, laboratory tests, and all diagnosis and treatment information based on patients in hospital. Eligible individuals were 40 patients with COVID-19, Divided them into fatigue group and non-fatigue group following up by telephone using the FS-14 scale after 6 months. The primary outcomes were the diagnoses of fatigue. The association between thyroid hormones levels and post-COVID condition, such as fatigue, was assessed using logistic regression analysis.

Results

Compared with the non-fatigue group, the FT3 level in fatigue group was lower (p<0.05). FT3 was negatively correlated with fatigue after 6 months (OR 0.257, p<0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors such as age and gender, low FT3 was a risk factor for fatigue in patients with COVID-19, (OR 0.225, p<0.05). And the FT3 is less than 2.47 mol/L, it is the best critical value for predicting long-term fatigue, with a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 48.1%.

Conclusions

Most people still have fatigue 6 months after COVID-19 infection. FT3 serves as the important index to predict fatigue in patients with COVID-19. it should be closely monitored during infection.
Cross-sectional comparison of the association between three different insulin resistance surrogates and frailty: NHANES 1999-2018
Authors: Lai Tianjie , Guan Fenglei , Chen Yunxian , Hu Konghe
Published: August 2024

Background

The correlation between various insulin resistance surrogates and frailty remains under investigation in the scientific community.

Methods

Data from NHANES (1999-2018) were used. We utilized weighted binary logistic regression, trend tests, RCS analysis, and subgroup analysis to comprehensively assess the link between METS-IR, HOMA-IR, and TyG, and frailty risk.

Results

The results revealed a significant positive association between high levels of METS-IR, HOMA-IR, and TyG with the risk of frailty in all models. Notably, in model 4, the highest quintile of METS-IR showed the strongest link (OR: 2.960, 95% CI: 2.219-3.949), with HOMA-IR (OR: 2.522, 95% CI: 1.927-3.301) following closely behind. Trend tests revealed a positive trend between METS-IR, HOMA-IR, and TyG with the risk of frailty (P for trend < 0.05). RCS analysis showed a linear relationship between METS-IR and the risk of frailty (P for nonlinearity > 0.05). In contrast, HOMA-IR and TyG exhibited a U-shaped nonlinear relationship (P for nonlinearity < 0.05).

Conclusion

The research identified a linear association between METS-IR and frailty risk, whereas HOMA-IR and TyG displayed a U-shaped, nonlinear relationship pattern with the risk of frailty. Among the varying levels examined, the linkage between METS-IR and frailty was most pronounced in the top quintile.
Zinc dampens antitumor immunity by promoting Foxp3+ regulatory T cells
Authors: Narayan Sugandha , Dalal Rajdeep , Rizvi Zaigham Abbas , Awasthi Amit
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The role of zinc (Zn) in tumor development and immune modulation has always been paradoxical. This study redefines our understanding of the impact of Zn on cancer progression and therapeutic strategies.

Methods

We investigated the effects of dietary Zn levels on tumor progression and immune responses. This included examining the impact of both high and deficient dietary Zn, as well as Zn chelation, on tumor growth and immune cell populations. Specifically, we analyzed the frequency of Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and identified the role of FOXO1 in Zn-mediated effects on Tregs. Additionally, we explored the therapeutic potential of clioquinol (CQ) in enhancing α-PD-1 immunotherapy responses, particularly in melanoma.

Results

Our findings show that high dietary Zn promotes tumor progression by fostering a protumorigenic environment mediated by T cells. Increased Zn intake was found to facilitate tumor progression by increasing Foxp3+ Treg frequency. In contrast, deficiency in dietary Zn and chelation of tissue Zn emerged as potent drivers of antitumor immunity. We pinpointed FOXO1 as the master regulator governing the influence of Zn on Tregs.

Discussion

These results reveal a novel mechanistic insight into how Zn influences tumor progression and immune regulation. The identification of FOXO1 as a key regulator opens new avenues for understanding the role of Zn in cancer biology. Furthermore, we introduce a promising therapeutic approach by showing that administering clioquinol (CQ) significantly enhances α-PD-1 immunotherapy response, particularly in melanoma. These revelations transform our comprehension of the multifaceted role of Zn in tumorigenesis and immune regulation, highlighting innovative possibilities for cancer therapy.
Identification of predictive models including polymorphisms in cytokines genes and clinical variables associated with post-transplant complications after identical HLA-allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Muñiz Paula , Martínez-García María , Bailén Rebeca , Chicano María , Oarbeascoa Gillen , Triviño Juan Carlos , de la Iglesia-San Sebastian Ismael , Fernández de Córdoba Sara , Anguita Javier , Kwon Mi , Díez-Martín José Luis , Olmos Pablo M. , Martínez-Laperche Carolina , Buño Ismael
Published: August 2024

Backgrounds

Although allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a potentially curative therapy for hematological malignancies, it can be associated with relevant post-transplant complications. Several reports have shown that polymorphisms in immune system genes are correlated with the development of post-transplant complications. Within this context, this work focuses on identifying novel polymorphisms in cytokine genes and developing predictive models to anticipate the risk of developing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), transplantation-related mortality (TRM), relapse and overall survival (OS).

Methods

Our group developed a 132-cytokine gene panel which was tested in 90 patients who underwent an HLA-identical sibling-donor allo-HSCT. Bayesian logistic regression (BLR) models were used to select the most relevant variables. Based on the cut-off points selected for each model, patients were classified as being at high or low-risk for each of the post-transplant complications (aGVHD II-IV, aGVHD III-IV, cGVHD, mod-sev cGVHD, TRM, relapse and OS).

Results

A total of 737 polymorphisms were selected from the custom panel genes. Of these, 41 polymorphisms were included in the predictive models in 30 cytokine genes were selected (17 interleukins and 13 chemokines). Of these polymorphisms, 5 (12.2%) were located in coding regions, and 36 (87.8%) in non-coding regions. All models had a statistical significance of p<0.0001.

Conclusion

Overall, genomic polymorphisms in cytokine genes make it possible to anticipate the development all complications studied following allo-HSCT and, consequently, to optimize the clinical management of patients.
Mechanisms and treatments of methamphetamine and HIV-1 co-induced neurotoxicity: a systematic review
Authors: Miao Lin , Wang Haowei , Li Yi , Huang Jian , Wang Chan , Teng Hanxin , Xu Lisha , Yang Xue , Tian Yunqing , Yang Genmeng , Li Juan , Zeng Xiaofeng
Published: August 2024

Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has dramatically reduced mortality in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but it does not completely eradicate the virus from the brain. Patients with long-term HIV-1 infection often show neurocognitive impairment, which severely affects the quality of life of those infected. Methamphetamine (METH) users are at a significantly higher risk of contracting HIV-1 through behaviors such as engaging in high-risk sex or sharing needles, which can lead to transmission of the virus. In addition, HIV-1-infected individuals who abuse METH exhibit higher viral loads and more severe cognitive dysfunction, suggesting that METH exacerbates the neurotoxicity associated with HIV-1. Therefore, this review focuses on various mechanisms underlying METH and HIV-1 infection co-induced neurotoxicity and existing interventions targeting the sigma 1 receptor, dopamine transporter protein, and other relevant targets are explored. The findings of this review are envisaged to systematically establish a theoretical framework for METH abuse and HIV-1 infection co-induced neurotoxicity, and to suggest novel clinical treatment targets.
Extracellular vesicles from a novel Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain suppress inflammation and promote M2 macrophage polarization
Authors: Gong Shuang , Zeng Ruixia , Liu Ling , Wang Rui , Xue Man , Dong Hao , Wu Zhigang , Zhang Yibo
Published: August 2024

Background

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) is known for its probiotic properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Recent studies have highlighted the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from prokaryotic cells in anti-inflammatory effects.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of extracellular vesicles derived from a newly isolated strain of L. plantarum (LP25 strain) and their role in macrophage polarization.

Methods

The LP25 strain and its extracellular vesicles were isolated and identified through genomic sequencing, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). RAW 264.7 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or LP25-derived extracellular vesicles (LEV). Morphological changes in the cells were observed, and the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6)、iNOS and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) 、Arg-1 were measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of Arg-1 in the treated cells.

Results

Treatment with LP25 EVs led to significant morphological changes in RAW 264.7 cells exposed to LPS. LP25 EVs treatment resulted in increased expression of Arg-1 and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, and decreased expression of iNOS and surface markers protein CD86. Flow cytometry confirmed the increased expression of the M2 macrophage marker Arg-1 in the LP25 EVs-treated group.

Conclusion

Extracellular vesicles from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP25 can suppress inflammatory responses and promote the polarization of macrophages toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. These findings provide new evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory activity of L. plantarum-derived EVs.
A scoping review of lymphatic filariasis research in Zambia
Authors: Shirley Hugh , Orriols Adrienne M. , Hogan Dylan , Chimfwembe Kingford , Bwalya Alinaswe , Sibbuku Kaala , Lardizabal Janelle , Tillotson Sophie , Grifferty Grace , Coombs Philip Espinola , Wamai Richard
Published: August 2024

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a neglected tropical disease caused by microfilariae of the Wuchereria and Brugia genus and spread by mosquitoes. Chronic infection and associated morbidity leads to poor psychosocial and economic outcomes. LF elimination programs have been underway in many countries, including Zambia, a country in Sub-Saharan Africa where LF has long been endemic. Zambia has made great progress in moving towards elimination through a multipronged strategy involving mass drug administration, regular surveillance, and morbidity management and disease prevention. This scoping review aims to capture the breadth of literature published on LF in Zambia to support further research into the disease that may support ongoing elimination efforts, research gaps, and funding opportunities. PRISMA-ScR and JBI scoping review guidelines were used in the design and conduct of this scoping review, leading to 475 full-text articles screened and included in data analysis, with analyzed information including publication year, journal, study theme, study type, citation number, and funding sources. The resulting screen found many articles focused on disease epidemiology in Zambia, but less research on vectors, treatment and prevention. Therefore, we conclude there may be opportunities to better understand this disease in the Zambian context through filling in these research gaps.

Systematic review registration

https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7W62G
Comparison of the effects of host-associated (autochthonous) and commercial probiotics on immune responses, growth parameters and intestinal microbiota of Caspian whitefish (Rutilus frisii kutum) fry
Authors: Hoseinifar Seyed Hossein , Hoseini Seyyed Morteza , Taheri Mirghaed Ali , Ghelichpour Melika , Shirzad-Aski Hesamaddin , Van Doan Hien , El-Haroun Ehab , Safari Roghieh , Khanzadeh Majid
Published: August 2024

Probiotics are helpful bacteria that safeguard host animals from harmful pathogens. In fish farming, the primary aim of using probiotics is to preserve or reestablish a balance between pathogenic microorganisms and the native bacteria that constitute the intestinal and skin microbial communities of fish. This study investigates the effects of host-associated probiotic (HAP) vs commercial probiotic (CP) on the growth performance, antioxidant defense and immunity of Caspian whitefish fry. Three hundred whitefish fry (1.15 ± 0.03 g) were randomly divided into five treatments in triplicate. Treatments included feeding with the control group (zero), P. acidilactici as a commercial probiotic (CP) at 6 × 108 CFU g -1, and HA Pediococcus pentosaceus at 106, 107 and 108 CFU g-1 for eight weeks. Dietary HAP and CP did not have significant effects on growth indices compared to the control group (P > 0.05). However, HAP at 107 and 108 CFU g-1 and CP significantly increased protein in whitefish carcasses compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Different levels of HAP and CP had a significant effect on whole-body extract (WBE) lysozyme (LZM) activity (P < 0.05). HAP treatment significantly increased WBE ACH50 and bactericidal activity compared to the control and CP group (P < 0.05). Also, in the case of mucosal immune response, different levels of HAP could significantly increase LZM, total immunoglobulin (Ig), agglutination titer, protease and alkaline phosphatase activity compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Whitefish fed HAP showed a significant increase in the activity of WBE antioxidant parameters (SOD, CAT and GPx) compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Also, feeding with HAP could significantly increase autochthonous LAB levels compared control group (P < 0.05); while the total count of intestinal heterotrophic bacteria was not affected (P > 0.05). Overall, the present study showed HA Pediococcus pentosaceus can be considered as beneficial feed additive for whitefish.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Australian allied hearing-healthcare professionals: survey on comorbid hearing loss and cognitive impairment
Authors: Jayakody Dona M. P. , Je Eunkyeong Grace , Livings Isabelle , McIlhiney Paul , Trevenen Michelle , Kekez Damir , Mavaddat Nahal
Published: August 2024

Purpose

As hearing loss is a modifiable risk factor of dementia, allied hearing-healthcare professionals (AHHPs) frequently see older patients who are affected by both conditions. However, little is known about how well Australian AHHP’s understand the complexities of providing care to patients with comorbid hearing loss and dementia, as well as their associated views and practices. Thus, the current study used a survey to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of Australian AHHPs in managing comorbid patients.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional design was used, wherein a KAP survey was developed and distributed to eligible AHHPs via Qualtrics. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression.

Results

101 Australian AHHPs met inclusion criteria (2.5% of approximately 4,000 invited AHHPs), and participated in the study. Although participants generally possessed a high level of knowledge for the association between hearing loss and cognitive impairment, their specific knowledge and practices in relation to cognitive screening tests and referral pathways was limited. Participants also expressed mostly positive attitudes towards their role in assisting patients with comorbid hearing loss and dementia. Furthermore, our results suggested that some KAPs relevant to comorbid patients differed based on sex, qualification, and ethnicity.

Conclusion

This study identified gaps in the knowledge and practices of Australian AHHPs with regard to the complexities of addressing comorbid cognitive impairment and hearing loss. These findings will help to develop training programs to empower AHHPs to deliver optimal healthcare services to comorbid patients.
Deterministic processes influence bacterial more than fungal community assembly during the development of biological soil crusts in the desert ecosystem
Authors: Zhou Hong , Yu Ke , Deng Chunfang , Wu Bo , Gao Ying
Published: August 2024

Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) constitute a crucial biological component of the soil surface in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Understanding the variations in soil microbial community assembly across biocrust successional stages is essential for a deeper comprehension of microbial biodiversity and desert ecosystem functioning. However, knowledge about the mechanisms of microbial community assembly and the factors influencing its development remains limited. In this study, we utilized amplicons sequencing to assess the compositions of bacterial and fungal communities in bare sand and three types of biocrusts (light cyanobacterial biocrusts, dark cyanobacterial biocrusts, and moss crusts). Subsequently, we analyzed the ecological processes shaping microbial community composition and structure, along with the influencing factors. Our results revealed a significant increase in bacterial diversity and no significant changes in fungal diversity during biocrust development. The relative abundances of the copiotrophic bacteria (e.g., Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes) showed significant increases, while oligotrophic bacteria (e.g., Proteobacteria and Firmicutes) decreased over time. Moreover, the relative abundances of Ascomycota, which exhibit strong resistance to adverse environmental conditions, significantly decreased, whereas Basidiomycota, known for their ability to degrade lignin, significantly increased throughout biocrust development. Additionally, stochastic processes (dispersal limitation and drift) predominantly drove the assemblies of both bacterial and fungal communities. However, the relative importance of deterministic processes (homogeneous selection) in bacterial assembly increased during biocrust development. Structural equation modeling indicated that bacterial community assembly was primarily related to soil water content, whereas fungal community assembly was primarily related to total organic carbon. These findings provide a scientific foundation for investigating the formation and development of biocrusts, and further insights into the conservation and sustainable management of biocrust resources under future climate change scenarios.