bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Mutu Perguruan Tinggi Kegamaan Islam Melalui Penyusunan Manajemen Strategis Dengan Pendekatan Balanced Scorecard: Studi Kasus di STAI Sangatta Kutai Timur
Authors: Zamroni Zamroni , Nasiah Siti
Published: July 2020

College has an important role in nation building. Therefore, university governance systems need to get serious attention and appropriate management touches. One of the modern management concepts that can be used is balanced scorecard, which is expected to improve the quality of the institution. This research uses qualitative approach of case study type with research setting at STAIS Sangatta Kutai Timur. The results showed that; improvement of education quality in STAIS Sangatta Kutai Timur is done through; 1) visionary leadership, 2) internal and external environmental analysis done with SWOT analysis, 3) to make quality as "Spirit" in every organizational activity by implementing quality-based, oriented management; a) Costumer Satisfaction, b) continous improvement, c) full involvement of the academic community, d) continous improvement. In order to improve the quality of education with Balanced Scorecard approach, STAIS Sangatta Kutai Timur focuses on four perspectives, namely; financial perspective, costumer perspectives, internal perspectives and development perspectives of development and growth are very effective in improving the quality of education. From several Balanced Scorecard perspectives applied in STAIS Sangatta Kutai Timur, the most dominant internal perspective on the effectiveness of quality improvement of education, followed by learning and growth perspective, costumer and finansial.
Pelaksanaan Pembagian Waris di Kalangan Ulama di Kota Samarinda: Analisis Pendekatan Normatif Sosiologis
Authors: Haries Akhmad , Darmawati Darmawati
Published: July 2020

Persoalan kewarisan selalu menarik untuk dipelajari dan dikaji, khususnya kewarisan yang ada di Indonesia. Hal ini terjadi karena masyarakat Indonesia sangat dinamis dalam masalah kewarisan, di samping banyaknya pilihan yang ada dan berkembang di masyarakat. Paling tidak ada tiga (3) pilihan ketika ingin membagi harta warisan; (1) berdasarkan hukum Islam, (2) berdasarkan hukum adat, (3) berdasarkan KUH Perdata. Karena masyarakat sangat banyak, peneliti hanya memilih ulama yang juga merupakan bagian dari masyakat untuk dijadikan obyek dalam penelitian ini. Dipilihnya ulama dalam penelitian ini, karena di satu sisi mereka mengetahui tentang hukum kewarisan berdasarkan hukum Islam, tetapi di sisi lain mereka juga hidup dalam masyarakat yg sangat plural. Apakah keilmuan mereka tentang hukum kewarisan Islam dapat mewarnai tentang tata cara pembagian harta warisan dalam keluarga mereka ataupun ketika mereka diminta masyarakat untuk menyelesaikan persoalan kewarisan ? ataukah justru para ulama tersebut mengambil jalan damai, asalkan keluarga tetap utuh dan kemaslahatan keluarga tetap rukun. Dari 15 ulama yang diwancarai, dapat ditipologikan kepada tiga cara pembagian waris di kalangan ulama di Samarinda, yaitu berdasarkan hibah, faraid, dan musyawarah keluarga.
Penerapan Sanksi dalam Meminimalisir Kejahatan Anak Ditinjau dari Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 Tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak
Authors: Pancasilawati Abnan , Noor Muhamad
Published: July 2020

The implementation of legislation either nationally or internationally linked to the implementation of restorative justice as one of the alterntif in the process of implementation of conviction against children in conflict with the law had been applied, but the case has not yet been thoroughly and still limited at the law enforcement officers and observers who are committed and integrity as well as having the attention to this problems. The implementation of restorative justice which is applied at each level of the process of criminal justice in the form of taking back the children to their parents, versioned by handing the children to Panti Sosial Marsudi Putra (PSMP), and the implementation of social integration through giving CB, CMB, and PB for children who are already serving imprisonment. Some obstacle factors the implementation of restorative justice as one of the alternatives in the implementation of conviction against children in conflict with the law, including physical building facilities and non-physical facilities and legal substance. It is because restorative justice has not been expressly regulated, even though in the law nomer 11, 2012 concerning about the Child Criminal System has been regulated but until now it has not been declared valid. The other factors are legal structure and legal culture.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Ilmu Bayan Berbasis Analisis Kontrastif di Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Al-Quran
Authors: Masdar Muhammad Ihsanuddin
Published: July 2020

The students of Arabic Education at State Institute of Al-Qur’an study Ilmu Bayan in order to understand about the beauty and majesty of Al-Qur’an verses, language style, Arabic expression, and to compose the right and good sentences. But, in the fact, learning of Ilmu Bayan cannot comply all of those criterion. There are many problems in this case such as: Students have difficulties to remember the rules of Ilmu Bayan and they try to compare Ilmu Bayan study to Indonesian language study. The learned book is using Arabic language without any translation and it’s also dominated by Arabic poem which is difficult to understand. Based on those data, the researcher develops a teaching book based on contractive analysis.This research use qualitative and quantitative approach with research and development method. The result of this research are: 1 contrastive analysis between Ilmu Bayan style of language and Indonesian style of language, 2 Product, that is a teaching book of Ilmu Bayan for STIQ Amuntai students. So that the steps to arrange the book are: need analysis, collecting data, product design, validating product, revise product, expediency test of product, revise of expedience test of product, effectiveness test of product, revise product, 3 Teaching book arranged by researcher is effective in learning Ilmu Bayan, known by comparing control and experiment group posttest result, that is T counting (4,36) more than T table (1,71) and T table (2,42).
Efektivitas Metode at-Tartil dalam Pembelajaran Tahsin al-Qur’an Mahasiswa Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam di Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Rumainur Rumainur
Published: July 2020

The at-tartil method is a guidebook in learning to read al-quran directly (without spelling) and enter or practice the reading of tartil in accordance with the rules of ulumut tajwid and ulumul ghorib This At-tartil book emerged because it was motivated by unrest among the NU Sidoarjo scholars more precisely the NU Syuriah Branch of Sidoarjo, because at the beginning of the 80-90s various kinds of books were studied in the Koran but not accompanied by the teachers skills in operating books the book. This At-Tartil Method uses a drill technique. The type of research that will be used in this study is to use the Posttest Only method. This study involved two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group, both of whom received the same learning treatment process in terms of content, purpose and teaching material. Referring to the results of data analysis from the results of the research that has been done, obtained t-count value of 22.0503 and t_table value of 1.684. This means that t count> t table then Ho is rejected; Ha accepted. It can be stated that the experimental group and the control group have significant average differences, with this indicating that the use of the At-Tartil method is effective in the learning of PTKI Tahsin Al-Qur'an students in East Kalimantan.
Peran Pendidikan dalam Merubah Karakter Masyarakat Dampak Akulturasi Budaya di Temajuk
Authors: Aslan Aslan , Setiawan Agus , Hifza Hifza
Published: July 2020

Guru adalah aktor dalam dunia pendidikan dan manuskrip cerita adalah kurikulumnya. Tanpa guru maka dunia pendidikan akan mengalami masalah yang begitu besar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan. Hasil temuan penelitian ini adalah: perkembangan teknologi membuat kewajiban seorang guru semakin besar, karena jika peran guru hanya sebatas mengajar, maka anak didik hanya ahli dalam intelektual tetapi tidak mempunyai adab dan sopan santun. Begitu juga sebaliknya, jika peran guru tidak hanya mengajar tetapi memberikan nilai keteladanan baik di sekolah maupun luar lingkungan sekolah, maka bukan hanya menghasilkan intelektual tetapi juga menghasilkan adab dan sopan santun. Oleh karena itu, peran kurikulum dalam lembaga pendidikan sangat penting terlebih pada pendidikan Islam, sehingga tidak  hanya sebagai rangkaian dari proses belajar mengajar, akan tetapi nilai-nilai dari kurikulum tersebut merupakan filosofi dari tujuan pendidikan membentuk nilai-nilai karakter siswa.
A Simple and Rapid System for Proteomic Analysis of the Archaeon Candidatus Vulcanisaeta moutnovskia
Authors: Chernyh Nikolay A. , Neukirchen Sinje , Frolov Evgenii N. , Sousa Filipa L. , Miroshnichenko Margarita L. , Merkel Alexander Y. , Pimenov Nikolay V. , Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Ciordia Sergio , Mena María C. , Ferrer Manuel , Golyshin Peter N. , Lebedinsky Alexander V. , Pereira Inês A. Cardoso , Bonch-Osmolovskaya Elizaveta A.
Published: July 2020

This protocol describes a rapid protein extraction method for the archaeon Candidatus Vulcanisaeta moutnovskia, which can be also implemented for other archaea. The utilization of two different methods for protein extraction constitute the main step of the protocol. Method I involves the extraction with a multi-chaotropic lysis buffer containing a non-denaturing zwitterionic detergent, most efficient for extracting cytosolic proteins. Method II involves a denaturing anionic detergent allowing total disruption of the membranes and capable of extracting both membrane (hydrophobic) and non-membrane (water-soluble, hydrophilic) proteins. The big advantage of the methods is to use general laboratory chemicals to make powerful extraction buffers, resulting in high quality and quantity of proteins. The methods probably are usable for any other archaea or microbial cells, and takes about 14-22 h. Following extraction and further protein digestion, 1D-nano Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC ESI-MSMS) analysis with Triple TOF 5600 and Orbitrap technologies were used for protein identification and further quantification.
Cattle-Related Trauma: A 5 Year Retrospective Review In A Adult Major Trauma Centre
Authors: Rhind John-henry , Quinn Dominic , Cosbey Lucy , Mobley Douglas , Britton Ingrid , Lim Justin
Published: July 2020

Background:Bovine injuries are a common and significant cause of trauma, often requiring admission and operative treatment. We review all bovine related injuries over five years, both emergency and GP referrals at an adult major trauma centre in England.Method:Retrospective evaluation was undertaken using keywords through radiology referrals and hospital admissions speciality databases. By searching patient notes, demographics were collected as well as the mechanism and the situation of injury; trauma scores were calculated using: Injury Severity Score (ISS) and Probability of Survival (Ps19). Results were divided into emergency patients and GP referrals.Results:Sixty-seven patients were identified retrospectively over 5 years, 44 emergency patients (including 23 major traumas) and 23 GP referrals. Combined (Emergency & GP) mean age 52 years old. 67% male. Mean ISS 11. Most common combined mechanism of injury, kicked (n=23). In emergency patients, trampling injuries were most common. 86% of the trampled patients were major traumas and associated with increased ISS (mean 13). Indirect injuries mainly involved farm gates (92%). 73% of bull-related injuries were major traumas and had increased ISS scores (mean 17). Orthopaedics was the most common admitting speciality followed by cardiothoracic & neurosurgery. In emergency patients fractures were the most common primary injury (n=20), upper limb followed by spine. In GP, soft tissue injuries were the most common primary injury. 70% of the emergency referrals required admission and 50% operations. Fracture fixation was the most common operative procedure. Only one GP referral required an operation. There were significant delays in GP patients presenting. Two patients had a Ps19 score <90. There were two mortalities.Conclusion:Cattle related injuries are a significant cause of severe morbidity and mortality. They are under-reported. Patterns of injury are similar to high velocity road traffic collisions and bull-related injuries or trampling in particular, should alert the clinician to more significant trauma. Farm gates are a frequent cause of trauma associated with cattle. GP referrals with ongoing symptoms for more than two weeks seeking medical advice should alert the clinician to a more serious diagnosis.
Free cortisol/cortisone ratio in morning urine as a biomarker of health status in older Japanese adults
Authors: Mutsamoto Akiko , Shimanoe Chisato , Hara Megumi , Akao Chiho , Nishida Yuichiro , Ichiba Masayoshi , Tanaka Keitaro
Published: July 2020

Secretion of cortisol in humans peaks in the morning, reflecting robust circadian rhythms, which are essential for homeostasis. To examine the hypothesis that free cortisol levels in the morning can predict general health status, free cortisol and cortisone in urine samples collected from 7813 Japanese older adults upon waking were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). The ratio of cortisol to cortisone in 5298 urine collected between 6 and 11 AM showed consistent correlations with favorable personal attributes linking to good health. The odds ratio of poor health, as defined by multiple clinical criteria (BMI ≥25, SBP ≥140 mmHg, C-reactive protein ≥0.5 mg/dL, and HbA1c ≥5.6%) or cardio-cerebro-vascular disease history, robustly showed negative associations with the cortisol/cortisone ratio. The free cortisol/cortisone ratio in urine samples collected upon waking is a promising biomarker of good health and might be applicable to a wide range of research and medical settings.
Nose-only inhalation exposures to alumina nanoparticles / hydrogen chloride gas mixtures induce strong pulmonary pro-inflammatory response
Authors: Bourgois Alexandra , Saurat Dominique , Boyard Alexandre , Guitard Nathalie , Araujo Suzanne De , Renault Sylvie , Fargeau Francisca , Frédéric Christine , Peyret Emmanuel , Flahaut Emmanuel , Servonnet Aurélie , Favier Anne-Laure , Lacroix Ghislaine , François Sabine , Dekali Samir
Published: July 2020

Background: Combustion processes, especially in aerospace and defense fields, can lead to complex aerosols emission containing gases and nanoparticles (NPs). Alumina (Al2O3) NPs and hydrogen chloride gas (HClg) are for instance present in high concentrations after solid composite propellants use. Exposure to these pollutants mixtures by inhalation is thus possible but literature data towards their pulmonary toxicity are missing. To specify hazards resulting from these combustion aerosols, an inhalation study was implemented.Male Wistar rats were exposed by nose-only to Al2O3 NPs (13 nm) and/or HClg aerosols for 4h (unique exposures ; UE) or 4h a day for 4 days (iterative exposures ; IE). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) content and lungs histopathology were analyzed 24h after exposures.Results: Iterative co-exposures (IE) increased total proteins and lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) concentrations in BALF indicating alveolar-capillary barrier permeabilization and cytolysis. Early pulmonary inflammation was induced after IE to Al2O3 NPs ± HClg resulting in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and pro-inflammatory cytokines increases (TNF-α, IL-1β, GRO/KC) in BALF. Moreover, after exposure to Al2O3 NPs ± HClg aerosols, both exposure scenarios induced early pulmonary histopathological lesions, among which vascular congestions, bronchial pre-exfoliations, vascular and interalveolar septum edemas. Lung oxidative damages (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine ; 8-OHdG) were observed in situ following UE in each experimental condition, suggesting early oxidative stress induction by aerosols inhalation. However, no 8-isoprostane concentration increase was simultaneously found in animals BALF.Conclusions: Biological effects of the studied aerosols are dependent on both aerosol content and exposure scenario. Results showed an important early pro-inflammatory effect of Al2O3 NPs/HClg mixtures on rats lungs following iterative inhalations (IE). Taken together these data raise concerns towards potential long term pulmonary toxicity of combustion mixtures aerosols, and highlight the importance for workers to wear individual protections.
Status of Vaccine Coverage In Venezuelan Children, A Country With A Complex Humanitarian Crisis
Authors: Drummond Tatiana , Marín Isabel , Sánchez Anny , Reyes Marianjosé , García Jenny , Torrealba Rosa , Stanchieri Mariana , Rodríguez Benny , Troncone Ángela
Published: July 2020

In Venezuela, PAHO has reported an increase in vaccine-preventable diseases since 2016. The goal of this work was to assess vaccination coverage in children hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics at the Hospital Universitario de Caracas (HUC). Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study included 0 to 12 years old children hospitalized in HUC admitted between January 2015 and December 2019, and verified immunization scheme. The patient data were compared with the schedule of the Ministry of Health of Venezuela and analyzed by comparing immunization coverage by year of patient hospitalization and patient age. Results: A total of 2903 patients were surveyed, corresponding to 53.2% male, 37.4% infants. A coverage level above 95% was found only for BCG. Comparing vaccination coverage with the vaccination schedule vs year of patient hospitalization, it was observed a mean decrease in vaccine coverage of 21.5% in 2019 relative to 2015 (p = 0.0000). Vaccination rates in children under one year old were lower than in children older than 6 years for all vaccines (p = 0.0000) Conclusions: There is a decline in vaccination coverage in 2019 in relation to previous years, being the most affected children less than one year old
Ethnobotanical Study of Fumaria Indica Plant From the Hilly and Plain Areas of Haripur
Authors: Shaeen Lubna , Shah Gulam Mujtaba , Rehman Nadia , bibi saira , khan fiaz , Ahmad Waseem , Khan Shah Masaud
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to find out the ethnobotanical use of Fumaria indica plant from the hilly and plain areas of Haripur .MethodsThe plant samples of leaf, flowers and root were collected from two hilly areas (Srikot, Khanpur) and two plane areas (Haripur city, Tarbela) of District Haripur and processed for further analysis process. The preferences of local people for the treatment of various ailments in terms of medicinal plant used, part used, the category of diseases treated and the form of therapeutic use (recipe) were analyzed with the help of a questionnaire survey. The recorded data was tabulated theme wise and Microsoft Excel program was used in the calculation of values and percent references and its presentation in graphic form.ResultsEthnobotanical study showed that the Fumaria indica plant used as a source of medicine in local community, the powder form was used in allergies, fevers and diabetes. The plant was used as a source of medicine and cure many types of bacteria diseases.conclusionFumaria indica & Caesalpinia bonducella are the plants known for their digestive, spasmolytic, diuretic, anthelmintic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic anti dysentery activity.Powder drugs of (leaves, roots and flowers) of Fumaria indica were made for different analyses.
PGRN alleviates cerebral amyloid-β burden and cognitive impairments via mediating neuroinflammation
Authors: Xu Wei , Tan Chen-Chen , Cao Xi-Peng , Yu Jin-Tai , Tan Lan
Published: July 2020

Background

Both progranulin (PGRN) and neuroinflammatory activities increased over the course of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we set out to determine if cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) PGRN could be a marker of neuroinflammation, and if so, how it contributed to AD pathogenesis and cognitive impairments.
Methods

A total of 965 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were grouped within the framework of A-T-N biomarker profile and clinical stage. Causal mediation analyses with 10,000 bootstrapped iterations were conducted to explore the mediation effects of neuroinflammatory markers on the associations of PGRN with amyloid burden indicated by CSF β-amyloid (Aβ) levels. The longitudinal influences of PGRN on cognition were tested.
Results

CSF PGRN and multiple neuroinflammatory markers (sTNFR1, sTNFR2, TGF-β1, VCAM1, and ICAM1) were increased with tau-related neurodegeneration. PGRN was positively linked with neuroinflammatory markers associated with tau pathologies (TN+). In TN + population, PGRN was associated with higher CSF Aβ42 via mediating neuroinflammatory markers and could predict slower cognitive decline. The abovementioned associations became non-significant in TN- profile.
Conclusions

These preliminary findings supported that PGRN could protect against Aβ pathology and cognitive impairments via modulating neuroinflammation that occurs with neuronal injuries.
Cockroach exposure and childhood asthma: Is the effect an artifact of confounding by stress?
Authors: Rabito Felicia , Werthmann Derek , He Hua , Madkour Aubrey S. , Arroyave Whitney D. , Sever Michelle L , LaVeist Thomas A.
Published: July 2020

Background

Nonpharmacologic interventions for asthma management rely on identification and mitigation of important asthma triggers. Cockroach exposure is strongly associated with asthma morbidity. It is also associated with stress, another risk factor for asthma. Despite high prevalence of both in vulnerable populations, the impact of joint exposure has not been examined.
Methods

Participants included 173 children with asthma in New Orleans, Louisiana. Cockroach exposure was based on visual inspection using standard protocols. Caregiver stress was measured using Cohen’s 4-item Perceived Stress Scale. Outcomes included unscheduled clinic or emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalization, and pulmonary function. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess independent effects of the exposure on the outcome and effect modification was examined in stratified analysis based on stress. Path analysis to explore the mediation effect by stress was performed using a probit link with parameters based on Bayes’ method with non-informative priors.
Results

Adjusting for stress and other covariates, cockroach exposure was associated with unscheduled clinic/ED visits (aOR = 6.2; 95% CI 1.8, 21.7). Positive associations were also found for hospitalization and FEV1 < 80%. High stress modified the relationship with unscheduled clinic/ED visits (high aOR = 7.7 95% CI 1.0, 60.2, versus normal aOR = 4.1 95% CI 0.8, 21.9). Path models identified direct and indirect effects (p = 0.05) indicating that a majority of the total effect on unscheduled clinic/ED visits is attributed directly to cockroach exposure.
Conclusion

The strong association between cockroach exposure and asthma morbidity is not due to uncontrolled confounding by stress. The combination of cockroach exposure and high stress, common in urban homes, are modifiable factors associated with poor asthma outcomes.
Influence of roughness on initial in vitro response of cells to Al2O3/Ce-TZP nanocomposite
Authors: Suárez Marta , Pérez-López Silvia , Prado Catuxa , Fernández Adolfo , Moya José Serafín , Torrecillas Ramón , Díaz Luis Antonio
Published: July 2020

Al2O3/Ce-TZP nanocomposite has been synthetized by a colloidal processing route and sintered in air atmosphere. The roughness surface of ATZ nanocomposite by sandblasting using materials with different particle size has been modified and its influence on the osteogenic differentiation has been performed in vitro growing a human osteoblast-like cell line, SaOs-2, and Human Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSC). The non-cytotoxicity and haemocompatibility of ATZ nanocomposite has been proved. An increase in the expression of BGLAP and IBSP genes was observed on samples sandblasted with white corundum (< 90 µm) whereas SPARC gene was upregulated on samples sandblasted with SiC (90–100 µm). Alumina-ceria-stabilized zirconia nanocomposite presented in this work exhibits a high potential for application in the fabrication of dental implants due to their biological behaviour and very promising mechanical properties.
Assessment of Left Ventricular Systolic Function After Revascularization in Patients with ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction by Stratified Strain Technique
Authors: Liang Yi , Chen Xinxin , Xu Liangjie , Zhou Cuicui , Fan Tingpan , Yuan Wei , zhang fen
Published: July 2020

Objective: Stratified strain was used to evaluate the local stratified strain and the overall longitudinal strain of the left ventricle of the affected myocardium after revascularization in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods: 120 patients diagnosed as STEMI in the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University from July 2017 to August 2018 were selected. According to the time from symptom onset to balloon dilation (S-TO-B), 120 patients were divided into group A (S-TO-B≤6h) and group B (6h<S-TO-B <12h) .The changes of left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS), local partial layer strain (TLSendo, TLS-mid, TLSepi) and LVEF were compared between the two groups immediately after operation, 3 hours ,24 hours and 1 week after operation. The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and LVEF were followed up during hospitalization and one month after operation.Results: In group A, TLSendo, TLSmid, TLSepi and GLS increased gradually at each time after vascular opening; in group B, TLSendo, TLSmid, TLSepi and GLS decreased immediately after vascular opening 3 hours after surgery, with obvious TLSendo and gradually increased, but the increase was smaller than that in group A. TLSendo,TLSmid, TLSepi and GLS increased in all patients one week after operation, but TLSendo and TLSepi increased more significantly than TLSmid, and GLS changed less. TlSendo increase of 4.50% is the most accurate parameter to predict the significant improvement of left ventricular systolic function in patients with STEMI one month after operation, with an AUC area of 0.87, sensitivity and specificity of 80.0% and 86.0%, respectively.Conclusions: Layered strain technique can be used to evaluate the myocardial strain in patients with STEMI, and recognize the effect of S-TO-B on the prognosis of STEMI, which has important clinical application value.
Unemployment of Unskilled Labor due to COVID-19 led Restriction on Migration and Trade
Authors: Mandal Biswajit , Chaudhuri Saswati , Prasad Alaka Shree
Published: July 2020

To combat COVID-19 the entire world has resorted to global lockdown implying restriction on international labor migration and trade. This paper aims to check the effect of such restrictions on the unemployment of unskilled labor in the source country. In competitive general equilibrium framework with three goods and four factors restriction on migration raises unemployment for given factor intensity. The results remain same even in a slightly different structure of the economy. In case of trade restriction, however, the rise or fall in unemployment depends on both the structure of the economy and the factor intensity assumption.
Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 (sTREM-1) is Highly Associated With Mortality and Persistent Organ Dysfunction in the Critically Ill: a Cohort Study
Authors: Sathe Neha Alhad , Bhatraju Pavan K. , Mikacenic Carmen , Morrell Eric D. , Liles W. Conrad , Wurfel Mark M.
Published: July 2020

Background. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) mediates fatal septic shock in murine models, but studies linking the soluble form of TREM-1 (sTREM-1) to mortality in clinical sepsis are inconclusive, and few have examined its relationship to organ dysfunction. We sought to identify associations between circulating sTREM-1 and both mortality and organ dysfunction among a broad cohort of critically ill medical, post-surgical and trauma patients. Methods. We enrolled a prospective cohort of patients who met two or more criteria for the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) within 24 hours of intensive care unit (ICU) admission at a large academic medical center. sTREM-1 concentrations were measured at study enrollment. We used relative risk regression, adjusted for age, sex, and Charlson comorbidity index, to determine associations between sTREM-1 and the primary outcome of 28-day mortality. We also examined secondary outcomes of prevalent organ dysfunction on enrollment, and composites of persistent organ dysfunction or death at day 7. Results. Among 231 critically ill patients, non-survivors (n=19, 8%) had a higher proportion of pre-existing comorbidities, mechanical ventilation (79% vs. 44%) and shock (58% vs. 28%) compared to survivors. At study enrollment, increasing sTREM-1 was associated with a higher risk of severe acute kidney injury (AKI), shock, and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. sTREM-1 was higher among non-survivors than survivors (885 vs 336 pg/mL); each doubling of sTREM-1 concentration was associated with a 2.41-fold higher risk of 28-day mortality (95% CI 1.57, 3.72). Among 92 patients with shock on enrollment, doubling of sTREM-1 was associated with a 3.89-fold higher risk of persistent shock or death by day 7 (95% CI 1.85, 8.17). Higher sTREM-1 was also associated with a higher risk of both persistent AKI and persistent hypoxemic respiratory failure or death. Conclusions. Elevated plasma sTREM-1 is highly associated with 28-day mortality and organ dysfunction across a diverse critically ill population. These data support that early activation of the innate immune system plays a role in the development of organ dysfunction and death. Further studies should address whether modulation of the TREM-1 pathway might be beneficial in critically ill patients.
Predicting Need for Vasopressors in the Intensive Care Unit Using an Attention Based Deep Learning Model
Authors: Kwak Gloria Hyunjung , Ling Lowell , Hui Pan
Published: July 2020

BackgroundPrevious models on prediction of shock mostly focused on septic shock and often required laboratory results in their models. Database analyses often report only limited data pre-processing which may introduce significant bias into machine classifiers. The purpose of this study was to use deep learning approaches to predict vasopressor requirement for critically ill patients within 24 hours of ICU admission using only vital signs. Performance bias from relative missing data and inadequate matching was assessed. MethodsWe used data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database and the eICU Collaborative Research Database to develop a vasopressor prediction model. We performed systematic data pre-processing using matching of cohorts, oversampling and imputation to control for bias, class imbalance and missing data. After pre-processing we used bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM), a multivariate time series model to predict the need for vasopressor therapy using serial physiological data collected 21 hours prior to prediction time. ResultsUsing data from 10,941 critically ill patients from 209 ICUs, our Bi-LSTM model achieved an initial area under the curve (AUC) of 0.96 (95%CI 0.96-0.96) to predict the need for vasopressor therapy in 2 hours within the first day of ICU admission. After matching to control class imbalance, the Bi-LSTM model had AUC of 0.83 (95%CI 0.82-0.83). Heart rate, respiratory rate and mean arterial pressure contributed most to the model amongst other serial physiological variables of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse oximetry and temperature. ConclusionsWe used Bi-LSTM to develop a model to predict the need for vasopressor for critically ill patients for the first 24 hours of ICU admission. With attention mechanism, respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure and heart rate were identified as key sequential determinants of vasopressor requirements. Although rigorous data pre-processing such as missing value analysis and class matching reduced predictive performance, it minimized bias in data and should be performed for database studies.
Estimation of Effective Reproduction Numbers for COVID-19 using Real-Time Bayesian Method for India and its States
Authors: Tyagi Rishabh , Dwivedi Laxmi Kant , Sanzgiri Ashutosh
Published: July 2020

WHO declared the outbreak of the novel Coronavirus, COVID-19, as a pandemic on 11th March. On 24th March, a three-week nation-wide lockdown has been announced, which is now extended till 31st May. Effective Reproduction Number (Rt) helps in understanding how effective preventive measures have been in controlling an outbreak. This study assesses the impact of nation-wide lockdown in slowing down the spread of the COVID-19 at the national and state level. An attempt has also been made to examine the important state-level factors responsible for the uneven distribution of Rt of COVID-19 across different states of India. Bayesian approach based on the probabilistic formulation of standard SIR disease transmission models have been employed assuming serial interval of 4 days and basic reproduction number (R0) of three. India’s Rt has declined from 1.81 (90% HDI: 1.64, 2.00) on 1st April to Rt =1.04 (90% HDI: 0.96, 1.13) on 9th May, after that it started increasing, and Rt =1.14 (90% HDI: 1.06, 1.21) was observed on 17th May. The value of Rt at the state level has shown significant variations. The testing rate had a significant impact in reducing the Rt at the state-level. The strategy of lockdown has contributed to containing the spread of the virus to some extent, but India still has a long way to go. Testing Rate is the most significant factor at state-level, as Testing and isolating patients sooner significantly reduces the disease spread.
Alterations in Gastric Microbial Communities are Associated with Risk of Gastric Cancer in a Korean Population: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Gunathilake Madhawa Neranjan , Lee Jeonghee , Choi Il Ju , Kim Young-Il , Kim Jihyun , Yoon Jae Kyung , Sul Woo Jun , Kim Jeongseon
Published: July 2020

Background: Although recent studies have reported the potential role of microbiome in GC, little is known about the microbial dysbiosis and their functions in GC. This study aimed to observe the associations between the alterations in gastric microbial communities and GC risk.Results: The study participants included 268 GC patients and 288 controls. DNA was extracted from gastric biopsies, and 16S rRNA gene analysis was performed to assign into bacterial taxa. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) was used to identify differentially abundant taxa and pathways. Compositionality corrected by renormalization and permutation (CCREPE) was applied to derive microbial dysbiosis index (MDI). Microbiota metabolic pathways were analyzed using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Observed States (PICRUSt) based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Based on LEfSe, Streptococcus_NCVM and Prevotella melaninogenica species were highly enriched in GC cases and controls, respectively. Those who are in the third tertile of Prevotella melaninogenica showed a significantly decreased risk of GC in total (odds ratio (OR): 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.38-0.96, p-trend=0.071). In the cladogram, class Bacilli was phylogenetically enriched in GC cases while phylum Actinobacteria, class Actinobacteria were phylogenetically related in the controls. MDI was significantly higher for the GC cases compared to the healthy controls in the female population (p=0.002). Females, those who are in the third tertile of the MDI showed a significantly increased risk of GC (OR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.19-5.99, p-trend=0.017; model II). There was a significant inverse correlation between MDI and Shannon index for the total population (R=-0.83, p<0.001). Secondary bile acid synthesis and biosynthesis of ansamycins pathways were highly abundant in cases and controls, respectively.Conclusion: There is a significantly higher MDI in GC cases than controls and further, MDI is significantly positively associated with GC risk in the female population. Biosynthesis of ansamycins is a critical function which is highly enriched in healthy controls. Further microbiome studies are needed to confirm the findings of the current study.
Upper respiratory tract infections and the immune system response. A review.
Authors: CICCHELLA ANTONIO
Published: July 2020

Purpose: the spreading of the COVID-19 epidemic raised a question on why very well trained, healthy, and young athletes have been infected. In this review, the emerging topic in the field of sport immunology has been studied with the aim to provide advice on how strengthening the immune system (IS) and how to help the recover after heavy effort and prevent upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in athletes. Methods: a literature search was performed on available public scientific databases. Results: URTI, a common illness among heavy trained athletes, happens in the time frame of temporary depression of the IS following heavy training or competition. T cells has been identified as the main factor in the immune response to counteract the cascade mediators of inflammation. Life habits, environmental and psycho-social factors such as sleep loss and life stressors are the major causes of IS depression, and it emerge that there is an optimal training load exposure which reinforce the IS, while too low or too much training being detrimental. Conclusions: immunodepression in heavy trained athletes can be counteracted with a proper distribution of training loads, nutritional interventions, correction of lifestyle habits such as sleep hygiene, thermotherapy, and recovery techniques. Psycho-social interventions also seem to have a positive effect on reducing the post exercise inflammation and in boosting the IS response. Novel bioinformatic approaches can help to understand the IS response in athletes and the management of critical situations.
NUCKS1 Acts As A Promising Novel Bio-Marker in The Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xianfeng , Zhang Xianjun , Li Xinguo , Bao Hongbing , Li Guang , Li Ning , Li Hengli , Dou Jian
Published: July 2020

Background: Nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1 (NUCKS1) was over-expressed in some tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the clinical significance of NUCKS1 in HCC was still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the expression and prognostic value of NUCKS1 in HCC. Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the relative mRNA expression of NUCKS1 in HCC tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues. The relationship between NUCKS1 expression and clinical characteristics of patients was analyzed by c2 test. Kaplan-Meier method and cox regression analysis were applied to estimate the prognostic value of NUCKS1 in HCC. Results: Compared with normal tissues, the relative mRNA expression level of NUCKS1 was significantly up-regulated in HCC tissues (P < 0.001). And high NUCKS1 expression was closely associated with tumor differentiation, TNM stage, vascular invasion and metastasis (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the overall survival of HCC patients with low expression of NUCKS1 was obviously longer than those with high NUCKS1 expression (log rank test, P = 0.001). NUCKS1 was an independent prognostic factor of HCC patients via univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses.Conclusions: NUCKS1 may be correlated with the progression of HCC and may serve as a potential factor for the prognosis of this disease.
Lipid Status and Linear Relationship Between Total Cholesterol and Triglycerides in Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia
Authors: Zhang Zhenjie , Yuan Yuheng , Ma Mingsheng , Hong Yuehui , Sun Zhixing , Xu Yiwen , Qiu Zhengqing
Published: July 2020

Background

Glycogen storage disease type Ia(GSDIa) is a glucose metabolic disorder disease. GSDIa patients are characterized by hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, hyperlipidemia, and hyperlactacidemia. This study aims to review the lipid status, explore lipid treatment targets, and assess preferable lipid-lowering drugs.
Methods

Clinical data on GSDIa patients’ characteristics were collected. Diet control and raw cornstarch treatment were used to maintain normal blood glucose and lipid level. Some patients were given lipid-lowering drugs. We compared the lipid levels before and after each treatment.
Results

A total of 163 GSDIa patients were enrolled in this study. The lipid level was assessed 773 times. After treatment with raw cornstarch, TG level has significantly decreased by 30 ± 50%(P < 0.001). There was no change in TC level. Thirty patients regularly took atorvastatin or fibrates for more than one year. The therapeutic effect of atorvastatin was better than fibrates. The total cholesterol(TC) was positively correlated with TG after treatment, resulting in the following regression equation: TG = 1.63*TC-2.86.
Conclusion

Patients with GSDIa have significant abnormalities in blood lipid metabolism. We found that there was a linear correlation between TC and TG, which was TG = 1.63*TC-2.86. Because the complications of hyperlipidemia are caused mainly by TC, thereby, as long as the TC remains normal, we could set a TG target to allow a certain degree of hypertriglyceridemia. The bound of Chinese Children's TC normal level (5.18 mmol/L) was used in the established regression equation to obtain TG = 5.58 mmol/L. We, therefore, targeted to keep TG level below 5.58 mmol/L. This study found that the therapeutic effect of atorvastatin was better than fibrates.
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 induced posterolateral lumbar fusion in a mouse model
Authors: Chen Honfang , Guo Mingke , Du Lin , Han Chen , Tian Haijun , Zhao Changqing , Brochmann Elsa J , Murray Samuel S , Daubs Michael D , Wang Jeffrey C
Published: July 2020

Objective: The goal of this study was to establish a rhBMP-2 induced posterolateral intertransverse lumbar fusion model in the mouse to serve as an acceptable substitute for models using larger animals, such as the rat, by defining the pertinent anatomy and establishing an effective dosing regimen in the mouse. Methods: Forty 10-week-old male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were randomized into five groups and were subjected to posterolateral lumbar fusion surgery at the L5-L6 level and received the following assigned treatment regimens: Group A: carrier collagen sponge only; Group B: 0.05μg rhBMP-2 on a collagen sponge; Group C: 0.15μg rhBMP-2 on a collagen sponge; Group D: 0.5μg rhBMP-2 on a collagen sponge; and Group E: 1.5μg rhBMP-2 on a collagen sponge. The study was ended at eight weeks post-operation and standard x-ray and micro-computed tomography imaging were performed in addition to histological examination of dissected spine specimens. Results: BMP-2 induced new bone at all dose levels in a dose-related manner. The mice implanted with rhBMP-2 at the dose of 0.5μg demonstrated more bone formation and a higher fusion rate compared to mice receiving lower doses. More abundant bone formation could be induced by higher dose regimen, which could also result in poorer bone quality. Conclusions: Posterolateral lumbar fusion at the L5-L6 level can be successfully accomplished in mice. The dose of 0.5μg of rhBMP-2 delivered on a collagen sponge appears to be the optimal regimen to produce the most satisfactory fusion results.
O suicídio: uma reflexão sobre medidas preventivas
Authors: Silva Camila Mazza da , Colucci Neto Victor
Published: July 2020

No presente artigo serão trazidos à baila algumas questões relacionadas ao suicídio, sobretudo com relação aos métodos preventivos. Nesse contexto, será abordado o disposto pela OMS, que reconheceu o suicídio como sendo uma prioridade de saúde pública. Em decorrência, publicou em 2014 o primeiro Relatório Mundial de Suicídio da OMS “Prevenção do suicídio: um imperativo global”, cujo objetivo seria aumentar a conscientização sobre a importância da saúde pública para as tentativas de suicídio e suicídio, fazendo da prevenção ao suicídio uma alta prioridade na agenda global em termos de saúde pública. No mais, além do disposto pela OMS, será discorrido a respeito da prevenção ao suicídio sob a perspectiva da importância da família, salientando-se para o uso e influência das tecnologias, a busca pelo sentido da vida e a valorização da autoestima em crianças e adolescentes. Para tanto, será realizada pesquisa bibliográfica em livros, revistas, textos e artigos científicos.Descritores: Suicídio; Prevenção Controle; Saúde Pública.RferênciasGuia Intersetorial de Prevenção do Comportamento Suicida em Crianças E Adolescentes; 2019.Kovacs MJ. Morte e desenvolvimento humano. São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo; 1992.Rocha GMA. Condutas autolesivas: uma leitura pela Teoria do Apego. Rev Bras Psicologia. 2015;2(01):62-70.OMS. Organização Mundial de Saúde. Prevenção do suicídio um recurso para conselheiros. Departamento de Saúde Mental e de Abuso de Substâncias. Gestão de Perturbações Mentais e de Doenças do Sistema Nervoso. Genebra; 2006.p.9-11.Durkheim E. O Suicídio. estudo de Sociologia. São Paulo: Martins Fontes; 2000.Franco M. Após experiências familiares, psicóloga vira 'suicidologista' para prevenir casos. Folha de S. Paulo, São Paulo, 29 out. 2018. Disponível em: https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/equilibrioesaude/2018/10/apos-experiencias-familiares-psicologa-vira-suicidologista-para-prevenir-casos.shtml.  Acesso em: 02 fev. 2020.WHO. World Health Organization. Suicide. Geneva; 2019. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/suicide. Acesso em: 13 jan. 2020.WHO. World Health Organization. Comprehensive mental health action plan 2013–2020. Geneva; 2013. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/mental_health/action_plan_2013/en/. Acesso em: 13 jan. 2020.Botega NJ. Comportamento suicida: epidemiologia. Psicologia USP. 2014;25(3):231-36.Brasil. Ministério da Mulher, da Família e dos Direitos Humanos. O suicídio e a automutilação tratados sob a perspectiva da família e do sentido da vida. 2019. p. 1-42.Moraes, FT. Depressão em adolescentes cresce impulsionada por uso de redes sociais. Folha de S. Paulo, São Paulo, 5 nov. 2018. Disponível em: https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/equilibrioesaude/2018/11/depressao-em- adolescentes-cresce-impulsionada-por-uso-de-redes-sociais.shtml. Acesso em: 01 fev. 2020.University of Michigan Health System. Pediatricians update digital media recommendations for kids. ScienceDaily. 2016. Disponível em: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/10/161021093834.htm. Acesso em: 20 jan. 2020.