bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Associated Gas Sweetening Process in a Steam Injection Project Using Fluid Simulation
Authors: Elias Ramon , Medizade Mason M.
Published: April 2016

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is present in the natural gas that is produced from most steam injection thermal enhanced recovery projects. Unlike the natural gas that is produced from non-thermal oil recovery processes, the gas contains high amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor, and condensable C7+ hydrocarbons. It has a low BTU content (e.g. 400 – 700 Btu/scf) and is not suitable for selling. Instead, it is usually incinerated through flaring or commingled with the steam generator fuel gas stream. In either case, all of the H2S that is present must be removed so that sulfur products of combustion are not released to the atmosphere with the flare or steam generator exhaust gas.

A term used for H2S removal is natural gas "sweetening." Among the various effective sweetening methods is the flow of natural gas through a bed of wood chips impregnated with iron oxide within a reactor called an iron sponge. The H2S in the produced natural gas reacts with the iron oxide to produce insoluble iron sulfide and water. The reaction renders the natural gas free of H2S. But, the reaction is impeded when the bed is contacted by hydrocarbon liquids. This is because a thin film of the liquid forms over the iron oxide and blocks the reaction from occurring. Hydrocarbon liquids form when the feed gas pressure and temperature go beyond the gas mixture's dew point and cross into the PVT phase equilibrium envelope. The capacity for H2S removal by the iron sponge is reduced as hydrocarbon liquids precipitate from the flowing gas.

In this study, fluid simulation software is used to calculate the effects of different fluid compositions on the produced gas dew point. Understanding this behavior enables one to pick suitable temperature and pressure-operating points that promote high H2S removal by avoiding hydrocarbon liquid precipitation. Phase envelopes, from which the dew point is obtained, change depending on gas composition. Relative amounts of light and heavy hydrocarbons were found to have the most significant effects.

The gas compositions used in this study correspond to that measured at Santa Maria Energy's (SME) cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) project located in the Orcutt oil field in northern Santa Barbara County, California. Corresponding phase equilibrium envelopes were calculated using the Peng-Robinson equation of state. This paper provides a range of practical operating pressures and temperatures for improving the performance of SME's iron sponge H2S removal system. This discussion follows an overview of the iron sponge sweetening process and the phase envelope calculation results for the project's produced gas.
Optimizing the Utilization of Miscible Injectant at the Greater Prudhoe Bay Fields
Authors: Ning S. X. , Jhaveri B. S. , Fueg E. M. , Stechauner G. , Jemison J. L. , Hoang T. A.
Published: April 2016

Miscible injectant (MI) has been injected at Prudhoe Bay and its satellite fields for over 30 years. Since 1982, more than three trillion cubic feet of MI has been injected and over 300 million barrels of oil has been produced through this enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique. Since MI is a finite resource, the allocation of MI across all the fields in the Greater Prudhoe Bay (GPB) area, as well as the distribution of MI to various injection patterns in each field, must be managed methodically to optimize oil recovery.

This paper provides an overview of all EOR projects at GPB and presents the process and methodology for MI allocation to these projects and to individual injection patterns. A new approach is used to determine the amount of MI allocated to each project based on predicted marginal MI utilization per barrel of EOR oil. The marginal MI utilization of each project is predicted using a COBRA model. COBRA is a full-field scale-up tool for predicting MI performance based on type pattern simulation model results. This paper will discuss the allocation approach used to compare the marginal MI utilization among various projects to determine the optimum MI allocation. The volume of MI allocated to each project is then distributed to the various injection patterns following a pattern ranking process. A new ranking index is proposed to combine a pattern's maturity and efficiency, so that a single indicator can be used to rank injection patterns in order to optimize the utilization of the limited MI resource.
The Polarity of Crude Oil Fractions Affects the Asphaltenes Stability
Authors: Punase Abhishek , Prakoso Andreas , Hascakir Berna
Published: April 2016

Asphaltenes and resins are the polar and saturates and aromatics are the nonpolar fractions of the crude oil. The mutual interaction within crude oil fractions results in different overall polarity. With the onset asphaltene precipitation, the overall polarity starts to change drastically and this change affects the asphaltene stability more. This study investigates the crude oil fractions polarity and their individual impact on asphaltene precipitation.

Two crude oil samples with different asphaltene content, API gravity, and viscosity were divided into their Saturates, Aromatics, Resins, and Asphaltenes (SARA) fractions. The crude oils and their SARA fractions were characterized by Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy. The polarity of crude oils and their SARA fractions were determined through dielectric constant measurements by in-house-built capacitance.

The polarity of the individual fractions and bulk crude oil samples were analyzed together to understand how the mutual interaction of crude oil fractions affects the asphaltene stability. The overall polarity of the crude oil is the key to asphaltene stability. Resins and asphaltenes are the polar components of crude oil, thus, resins to asphaltenes ratio affects the overall stability of the asphaltenes. Asphaltenes are soluble in aromatic solvents and insoluble in normal alkanes, thus, while the increase in the saturates fraction in crude oil decreases the asphaltene stability, the increase in the aromatics fraction in crude oil reestablishes the stabilization. The solvent power of saturates and aromatics fractions are controlled by the impurities in saturates and aromatics fractions. Because while saturates and aromatics are known as nonpolar fractions of crude oils, the impurity content of those fractions results in polar sides in both saturates and aromatics fractions. The polar side of those fractions makes the interaction with asphaltenes more pronounced and affect the stability of asphaltenes considerably.

The holistic understanding of the asphaltene stability is achieved by analyzing the polarity of asphaltenes alone and within crude oil. These results are very useful in preventing the asphaltene precipitation and modelling its stability.
Quad-Lateral Success Story in a Heavy Oil Reservoir
Authors: Livingston E. , Lee D. , Werner M. , Tejo B. , Wibisono K. , Redman S. , Callis D. , Bostick C.
Published: April 2016

This paper documents the success story of the first quad-lateral completion for an Alaskan operator using stacked, rotatable, level 3 junction systems. This well is also the first in the world where the junction system is stacked more than twice in a single well.

This quad-lateral completion design is the product of targeting multiple formation layers from a single wellbore by use of open-hole horizontals with slotted liners. The rotatable, multi-lateral junction system has evolved since the first successful installation on Alaska's North Slope in 2007; it accommodates the increased number of laterals necessary for continued economic exploitation of the West Sak heavy oil reservoir. Diligent communication and preparation were required by the operator and the service provider to successfully execute the installation of this complex completion design. Other keys to success were extensive equipment QA/QC performed prior to mobilization to the rig site and appropriate personnel from the operator and the service provider on location during installation to assist rig personnel.

The quad-lateral completion with stacked junction systems was installed nearly flawlessly from both a time and cost perspective. This successful installation paves the way for the operator's future heavy oil development plans, which include penta-lateral completions using the same stacked junction systems.

This quad-lateral completion design with stacked, rotatable, junction systems is a first globally. This success story will provide insight to other operators faced with similar challenges.
Vapor Phase Combustion in Accelerating Rate Calorimetry for Air-Injection EOR Processes
Authors: Bhattacharya S. , Mallory D. G. , Moore R. G. , Ursenbach M. G. , Mehta S. A.
Published: April 2016

The Accelerating Rate Calorimeter (ARC) is unique for its versatility of operation and application - reliability, validity, and accuracy of results - due to very high adiabaticity. Accelerating Rate Calorimetry is one of the screening tests employed to determine the suitability of a reservoir for air- injection Enhanced Oil Recovery. The ARC is well suited for investigating the reaction mechanisms in the Low-Temperature Range, Negative Temperature Gradient Region, and High-Temperature Range. The ARC provides full time-temperature, time-pressure, and self-heat rate-inverse absolute temperature profiles. An experimental and simulation study was carried out to expand knowledge and interpretation of the data derived from high pressure closed ARC tests. Athabasca bitumen was used for the experimental study in a closed ARC at an initial pressure of 13.8 MPag (2,000 psig) to identify the nature of the oxidation reactions occurring over the different temperature ranges.

The simulation component of the study focused on the development of a numerical model that captured the elements of the ARC test. The model incorporated solubility of oxygen and diffusion to control the transfer of oxygen in the liquid oil phase. Mass transfer was found to play an important role at low temperatures up to the temperature where chemical interaction starts to control the distribution of oxygen within the liquid bitumen.

Likewise, vaporization of oil and generation of vapor by cracking reactions are also believed to play an important role in air injection processes. Therefore, a vapor phase combustion reaction was integrated into the traditional Belgrave s kinetic model. This modified model predicted the combustion of vaporized oil in the gas phase by flammable limits and rate of diffusion of the vaporized component in the gas phase to become flammable.

The results of this study indicated that with the addition of mass transfer to the traditional kinetic model, it was possible to predict the negative temperature gradient region. The result showed solubility and diffusion of oxygen played an important role up to a temperature of 125°C where chemical reactions started to control the distribution of oxygen within the liquid bitumen. The results also showed that vapor phase combustion created a temperature gradient between the gas and bitumen phases when vaporized components became flammable. This showed that the ARC could be an effective tool for understanding liquid and vapor phase reaction and their relative importance in different temperature regimes.
Building and Applying a Physics-Based Production and Associated Gas Lift Model to Better Optimize Prudhoe Bay's West End
Authors: Boman Wade
Published: April 2016

The westernmost wellpads of Alaska's Prudhoe Bay field, known collectively as the "West End," operate under two primary constraints: gas lift supply pressure and a shared production line velocity limitation. Comprised of four primary wellpads with close to 100 operable wells, the West End produces ~38,000 bopd, approximately 12% of Prudhoe Bay's daily output. These wells have the lowest gas-oil ratio of all Prudhoe wells – a field generally considered gas handling limited – making them all the more important to have online and optimized. In the past, production sorts (rankings) based on total gas-oil ratio, rules of thumb, and adjustments to individual well gas lift rates were the answer to production optimization. However, over time, production changes occurred that went unexplained, or at least unproven, under certain operational conditions. Additionally, it was never known if the wells were optimized as one congruent system.

To address this uncertainty, an industry proven physics based multiphase flow simulator was used to construct two models, one representing the production system and the other representing the gas lift system. The two were then coupled, creating a dual model that allows for the production and gas lift halves to work in tandem and respond to one another. The combined model is now an integral piece of an overarching production model built by BP to model and optimize the vast production system – from sandface to first stage separation – of Prudhoe's surface kit of 47 wellpads and seven production facilities.

The model is used on a weekly basis to help optimize West End production and in pipeline replacement studies. Additionally, the model has been used to show that the overall offtake rate along the gas lift supply line is less important than the offtake locations. Using the model, operating limits are being defined for the field operations personnel and production engineers to stay within during certain field condition scenarios which would affect gas lift supply pressures.

Such a model could be useful for any production system that is constrained by gas lift supply pressures. It is the aim of this paper to describe the building of a model that successfully captures changes in production to a very large set of interconnected gas lifted wells due to fluctuations in gas lift supply pressure, how it is applied, its successes, its limitations, and its future improvements.
Decline Curve Analysis on the Woodford Shale and Other Major Shale Plays
Authors: Bashir Muhammad Omer
Published: April 2016

Decline curve analysis (DCA) is the most common method to forecast future production and to estimate ultimate recovery and reserves/well. The traditional form of DCA proposed by Arps is however restricted to boundary-dominated flow regimes. In unconventional shale plays, it is however likely that the transient flow regime may occur for the first few months or years of production. Consequently, the applicability of the traditional forms of DCA to early-time production data may not be appropriate.

This work is divided in to two main sections. In the first section, we apply some of the more recent decline curve models proposed for shale wells to production data acquired from the Woodford shale in Oklahoma. A comparison is then made between the different decline curve models in terms of their ability to replicate production history in a forecast mode. In the second section, we extend earlier work performed by other authors to compare well performance across different shale plays and over different time periods. The DCA presented in the earlier work utilizes a simple Arps decline; in this work, we utilize a composite decline curve that works for the linear transient flow regime and subsequent boundary dominated flows. Our work indicates that while the Arps decline curve analysis approach may be erroneous, in comparison to a more rigorous DCA, the errors are less than 20% in predicting EUR.
A Novel Testing Facility for Coiled Tubing Fatigue Evaluation Under Deep Drilling Conditions
Authors: Perozo N. , Paz C. A. , Teodoriu C. , Holzmann J. , Grijalva O. , Oppelt J.
Published: April 2016

Over the last 30 years, Coiled Tubing (CT) has become one of the most important tool for wellbore interventions, completions and even drilling. The success of this technology lies in its high degree of flexibility which is based on the conscious destruction of its own working material – the Coiled Tubing itself – caused by low cycle fatigue. The current standards and best practices for the fatigue simulation are based on testing frames that are as old as the coiled tubing itself.

In a working environment such as the oil and gas industry, where safety of operation is a key parameter, a reliable fatigue model that allows to track the fatigue damage and to stop using a pipe before it breaks becomes critical.

Therefore, this paper provides a discussion of the existing fatigue testing setups and an inside of the prediction models. The second part of the paper will focus on discussing the true loads of a coiled tubing used for drilling applications.

Finally a newly built for purpose testing facility is presented, showing the latest developments in accurate testing of coiled tubing used for deep drilling applications. The experimental tests have shown a good compatibility with existing testing setups, but the new added capabilities exceed the actual performance, and allow the development of a new coiled tubing fatigue prediction model.
Developing a Hydrologic Monitoring Network in Data‐Scarce Regions Using Open‐Source Arduino Dataloggers
Authors: Hund Silja V. , Johnson Mark S. , Keddie Tom
Published: April 2016

Core Ideas

An innovative low‐cost open‐source Arduino‐based datalogger was developed.

The datalogger was deployed for hydrologic monitoring in tropical watersheds.

Arduino datalogger performance was robust after overcoming initial challenges.

The system has great potential for automated continuous environmental monitoring.

Continuous hydrologic monitoring is limited in many regions of the world, creating serious knowledge gaps for water resources managers and scientists. Recent advances in open‐source software and hardware technologies, such as the Arduino project, show potential for the development of low‐cost (∼$100) automated dataloggers required for continuous data collection. We developed an Arduino‐based datalogger (the Ecohydro Logger) coupled with water sensors providing digital output to establish a hydrologic monitoring network in the data‐scarce wet‐dry tropics of Guanacaste, Costa Rica. While we experienced some challenges with a first iteration of our Arduino‐based datalogger, an improved version was robust and able to capture long periods of high‐frequency stream discharge data. Integration of the monitoring program into the local community was also key to successful deployment, allowing exchange of local knowledge and support. The accessible and low‐cost nature of Arduino‐based dataloggers can provide a means to extend continuous environmental monitoring into data‐scarce regions.
Yield and Soil Carbon Sequestration in Grazed Pastures Sown with Two or Five Forage Species
Authors: Skinner R. Howard , Dell Curtis J.
Published: April 2016

Increasing plant species richness is often associated with an increase in productivity and associated ecosystem services such as soil C sequestration. Here we report on a 9‐yr experiment to evaluate the forage production and C sequestration potential of grazed pastures sown to either a two‐species cool‐season grass‐legume mixture or a five‐species mixture of grasses, legumes, and a non‐legume forb. We hypothesized that forage production and soil C sequestration would be greater in the five‐species compared with the two‐species mixture. We also evaluated the effects of rainfall and temperature on the difference in forage production between mixtures. When averaged across years, the five‐species mixture produced 31% more forage biomass than the two‐species mixture, and the difference between mixtures tended to be greater in wet than in dry summers (R2 = 0.42, P = 0.06). There was no relationship between growing season temperature and differences in biomass production. Soil C accumulation to 100 cm depth in the five‐species mixture was 1.80 vs. 0.50 Mg ha−1 yr−1 for the two‐species mixture (P = 0.15) with significant increases in the five‐species mixture occurring at the 10 to 20 cm (P = 0.06) and 20 to 30 cm (P = 0.03) depths. Increased productivity in the five‐species mixture persisted throughout the experiment despite changes in species composition that resulted in similar composition between the mixtures by the last 2 yr of the study. Increased soil C possibly had a positive feedback effect on forage production permitting the five‐species mixture to out‐yield the two‐species mixture even after differences in species composition had largely disappeared.
English Participial Clauses Aand The Strategies Applied In Their Indonesian Translations
Authors: Winiharti Menik
Published: April 2016

This study analyses the English participial clauses and how they are translated into Indonesian as appearing in Sidney Sheldon’s novel Morning, Noon and Night (1995) which is translated by Hendarto Setiadi as Pagi, Siang dan Malam (1996). This study tries to find out the distribution of the types and the syntactic functions of the participial clauses appearing in the novel and answer the question of what the strategies applied in the translations are. To reach these objectives, this study employs an exploratory-interpretive design since the data are collected nonexperimentally, the type of data collected is qualitative, and the type of analysis is interpretive.
Pengaruh Choukai Pada Mata Kuliah Nihongo 4 Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Bahasa Jepang Mahasiswa Semester IV Di UBINUS
Authors: Robihim Robihim
Published: April 2016

Listening is one of four important element in language abillity. By language ability, people can know what the speaking. In the foreign language, listening is very difficult if he don’t know knowlegde about base of foreign languge. Like as foreign language, so do its Japanese language, by continuing practise that one step to try understand vocabulary till step thinking by listening. And then will know how is to speaking some one. And then, after quite and listening, some one can be tell some idea or opinion. And then, practising of listening is need continue for growing up listening ability. In the forth semseter UBINUS, listening is icluding in subjeck of Nihongo IV (Japanese IV) with name sub subject is Choukai (listening).
Eksistensi Shinto dalam Shogatsu
Authors: Handayani Ratna , Felicia Felicia , Syah Sonya Munadir
Published: April 2016

Shinto as one of traditional beliefs of Japanese people unconsciously gives much influence in the cultural activities of Japanese people. Therefore, the authors had examined the existence of Shinto in Shogatsu by distributing questionnaires to the 20 respondents of Osaka University students. The article clarifies the intensity level and purpose of Japanese people in carrying out Shogatsu, in relation to the Shinto as a traditional belief of Japanese people. By use of the library research, analytical descriptive, and questionnaire method, it can be concluded that the majority of Japanese people do the activity of Shogatsu as a custom or tradition, without understanding the real purpose of Shogatsu. Actually, Shogatsu is highly associated to Shinto elements in it.
The Narrative Art of Contemplator: An Analysis on Milan Kundera’s Works
Authors: Feng Ma
Published: April 2016

Article presented a narrative theoretical analysis on Milan Kundera’s works. Its emphasis point lied on the unity of the theory and the practical explanation to the text. Kundera’s works joined the unique ponder art and the narrative artistic together, which had led to the work a possible implication that would be much richer. Based on a macroscopic angle, this article used the relative theory, including theories on classic and latter classic narrates study. Then, based on the microscopic angle, this article mainly utilized the narrative theory about “the intervention” as well as the acceptable aesthetic theory. What’s more, the article did not only carry on a careful narrative analysis on Kundera’s creation, but also discussed the profound effect with which the narration brought. This article offered some careful and profound discussions respectively on the narrator’s and reader’s intervenes. The narrator intervenes stressed that the narrator’s “narration person, narration method and the narration identity” in the work, and discussed the narrator “we”, illusion narration, parenthesis replenishment narration as well as the Polyphony and reliability which were brought by the narration method and narrator’s identity. The reader intervene stressed the reader’s strategy during the connoisseurship and the acceptance process, and also evaluated reader’s identity during the reading process, and concerned  about the lost readers in the “garden paths phenomenon and jungle for explanation”.
Trailing the Growth from Nativism to Africanity in Lusophone African Poetry
Authors: Sanyal Sovon
Published: April 2016

Article explored the development of African poetry, that is from nativism to be Africanity, in Lusophone African poetries. The study used library research by analysing the impact of printing press, public education, and freedom of expression emergences toward literary activities in Portuguese colonies in Africa. In this regard ethnological and historical studies on the colonies had an important role to play for the later development of nationalism among the colonised African peoples. Article’s discussion concerned with describing proper literary activities in Portuguese began in the Lusophone countries of Africa, poetry characterization by the “black” and “white” presentations, added by some example of poetries. It can be concluded the problematic of colour is present in African poems in Portuguese right from its inception, The common purpose of the nineteenth century Lusophone African poets was to discover the regional cultural history and identity, which was denied to them for centuries by the foreign rulers.
Globalization Goes Local: Nationalism in Indonesian Jazz
Authors: Wishnoebroto Wishnoebroto
Published: April 2016

Article presented how Jazz, as a product of American popular culture, can be very local in Indonesia. Nationalism, in this case, refers to how Indonesian jazz artists translate and create a kind of ‘dialogue’ between jazz and local Indonesian culture. The study used library research by finding what values that jazz had in order to create such dialogue, and how Indonesian nationalism could be transformed in jazz. The evolution of Jazz in Indonesia and the attitude of Indonesian jazz audience were discussed to see the position of jazz in Indonesian popular culture mainstream. It can be concluded that Jazz seems to deconstruct the common notion that music should be understood to be enjoyed. In jazz,  the irrational and sometimes absurd combination between jazz and other indigenous culture, has created a specific kinds of the music itself. Jazz in Indonesia has gone through its own cycle of evolution where the western and the eastern culture has created its own art and nobody knows the direction of jazz in the future.
Identifying Problems in Students’ Final Projects Based on Scientific Writing Guidelines
Authors: Ernawati Endang
Published: April 2016

Article analyzed student’s difficulties and abilities in writing their final projects, which were undergraduate theses and undergraduate paper conducted by some students at the English Department, Bina Nusantara University. This was a preliminary study to support an appropriate student guideline in writing their final project. The study was conducted by applying qualitative methods that was by analyzing the four theses and one paper in terms of their format: titles, introduction, theoretical background, analysis, conclusion, bibliography, and paper rubric to analyze the contents. It can be concluded that generally, students, guided by their mentor/lecturer, understand the final paper guidelines and they are able to apply it in their thesis and paper. But, there are still lack of clarity and relevancy in expressing their ideas properly, and their ability in writing in both English and Bahasa Indonesia must be improved. These problems can be overcome by socializing the writing guidelines to both students and lecturers, providing them with critical thinking skills, cooperation with library that will guide them in information literacy skills, and language center that will improve their writing skills.
Masalah Oedipus Complex Dalam Novel Umibe No Kafuka Karya Haruki Murakami
Authors: Unsriana Linda
Published: April 2016

Haruki Murakami, a Japanese novelist is an example of a great novelist who has produced his works which have been translated in various languages for a variety of readers in the world. He has also been awarded the Yomiuri Literary Award for his novel Wind-up Bird Chronicle in 1996. In his novel Umibe no Kafuka, Murakami describes the life of a young man and the Oedipus complex problems he experienced. This study will look for root causes of problems in the Oedipus complex problem of Kafka Tamura, to analyze them through methods of role characterization.
Gender Differences In Giving Directions: A Case Study Of English Literature Students At Binus University
Authors: Sing Tjoo Hong , Kalingga Felicia Andrey
Published: April 2016

Many researchers have said that there are differences in the ways people give direction between males and females, especially in spatial task (cardinal directions, topography, mileage, building, right/left markers) (e.g., Lawton, 2001; Dabbs et al., 1998). Here, the thesis investigates what differences occur between both genders in giving direction. The respondents are 25 females and 25 males of fifth semester Binus University students majoring in English Literature. The respondents answered with a certain route from Binus’s Anggrek Campus to Senayan City. The study was conducted by qualitative and quantitative method. From the data analysis, the writer discovered that gender does affect in selecting the key words in explaining direction it is found that there were differences in choosing key words in giving direction between females and males. The difference is women use more than twice spatial references than men do. In terms of verbal abilities, it was confirmed that female use longer explanation. However, in other aspects such as serial orientation and maintenance words, the result is inconclusive.
Penerapan Sistem Pembelajaran Bahasa Mandarin Di Beberapa Sekolah Di Indonesia
Authors: Haryanti Sri
Published: April 2016

Since Mandarin Language is started to be implemented at schools, many schools begin the learning process of this language. Unfortunately, they do not consider the teacher’s ability in delivering the knowledge. There are a lot of teachers without the basic knowledge of Mandarin but they do the learning activity of this language so that it is undeniable that they found a lot of difficulties in class. Those teachers are not able to transfer the knowledge totally as well as they actually can do. This situation describes negative side to the students related to their studies. In implementing Mandarin class, schools must have specific purpose, nevertheless, it will be much better if the schools consider as well the benefit for the students after they have the class. In accordance to the writer’s experiences since 2006 until now, she tries to describe several facts happening at schools which provide the Mandarin class. The writer use process standard as the reference in writing this paper. She hopes the experiences she writes will be able to give valuable contribution in order to the improvement of teaching and learning process of Mandarin language in the future.
Monkey Dance Transformation And Displacement: From Traditional Performance To Urban Everydayness
Authors: Sutandio Anton
Published: April 2016

This research attempts to investigate how the monkey dance, a traditional mobile performance from village to village, transforms and displaces itself into a semi-permanent urban street performance as the effect of modernization and globalization. The research is closely relevant to the theme of the everyday life on the relation between art and the social. Doger monyet (monkey dance) performance has always been regarded as the marginal art/culture. Its place has always been among the mid-lower class of society, thus when it changes its mode and place of performance, questions and curiosity arises. This phenomenon requires a re-examination of the cultural transformation effect to everyday life. This research attempts to answer several issues regarding the phenomena: how the performance negotiates its way to the urban everyday life and its everydayness; how it manages to place itself within the urban space; how it deals with the authority and the urban dwellers, and what its future is going to be like in the new space.
Analisis Penggunaan Sorekara, Soshite, dan Soreni dalam Website Surat Kabar Asahi.Com
Authors: Manurung Rudi Hartono
Published: April 2016

Setsuzokujoshi is a particle that shows the relationship between sentences, as well as having an important role in sentences. What characterizes setsuzokujoshi is its position which is always located between two sentences. Setsuzokujoshi, which is part of particles in Japanese, has many types. In this study, the researcher will limit the research on the use of それから, そして, それに contained in the newspaper articles of asahi.com website. The research method used is descriptive and library methods. This study intends to determine the function of setsuzokujoshi それ から, そして, それに and whether it can replace each other in a sentence and that Japanese language learners can determine the apparent similarities and differences between sorekara, soshite, and soreni, so that Japanese language learners can use them correctly. After analyzing the data, it is found that some conclusions namelyそして is used to strengthen problems of a topic of conversation because there is awareness of the speaker. It is often used when combining a topic of conversation. While それ から is reinforcing actions in sequence-based. That is, there will be a second activity to be performed or occurring after the first activity is completed. それに has a function to add anything else to a case. Because それ から has functions similar to そして, there is a possibility for そしてto be replaced by それ から or vice versa.
Bilinguality and Socioeconomic Status (SES): Approaching Non-Singular Factor to a Child’s Cognitive Development
Authors: Simanjuntak Risa Rumentha
Published: April 2016

Article attempted to argue that bilingualism have positive contributions toward a child’s cognitive development. By applying library research the discussion is focused on the contribution bilingualism had in mitigating socioeconomic detrimental effects on a child’s learning. Article started with discussing aspects of cognition, especially those shown through speech productions, of a bilingual child, then moving forward to discuss previous findings and arguments from the research pertaining to the issue of low socioeconomic status (henceforth SES) and cognition. Finally, the discussion concluded that bilingualism should be discussed as a complex system of learning and not as separate strands of a child’s learning.
A Brief Analysis of Vocabulary Teaching in Teaching Chinese as a Second Language
Authors: Temmy Temmy
Published: April 2016

The goal of the article was to develop Mandarin vocabulary teaching material for Indonesian people and foreigners. Teaching material was developed by cutting vocabulary, called Chunk theory. Article clarified Chunk theory, basic strategy of teaching Chunk theory, and the basic idea of teaching Chunk theory; gave opinions and some important factors related to Chunk theory. It can be concluded that there is a significant factor in teaching Chunk theory, that is, a meaning transformation process to different context. It can be more (Chunk Up), less (Chunk Down), and similar (Chunk Laterally).
Keterkaitan New HSK dan Kurikulum Bahasa Mandarin di Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Budianto Pauw , Laurencia Noviana
Published: April 2016

This research is to find out the correlation between the New HSK (Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi)/International Mandarin Proficiency Test and the Mandarin Skill Curriculum in higher education in Indonesia, with case study at Chinese Department of Maranatha Christian University Bandung. Methods used in this research are survey and literature studies, with quantitative and qualitative analytic description. The results show that New HSK could be used as achievement tests for students of Chinese Department at each level of study. Besides, New HSK could also be one of measurement tools for curriculum needs analysis, which means that the change of students’ achievements in New HSK would decide the adjustments of the Mandarin skill curriculum at whole.
The Role of Imprisonment and Censorship in the International Success of Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Buru Quartet Novels
Authors: Susanti Yani
Published: April 2016

Imprisonment and censorship that is meant to silence Pramoedya Ananta Toer and his books did not succeed. On the contrary, they only help popularize Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Buru Quartet novels in the international market. Through some library researches, this article analyzed the purpose of imprisonment, the impacts it has on Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s career in the literary world and related them to Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of capital. It is concluded that this triumph over imprisonment and censorship owes its success to Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s strong connections with the people that matter in his lifetime.
A Discussion on A Code Sound Reading System: A Case Study of I Can Read Greenville Language Center
Authors: Andreani Wiwik , Junita Junita
Published: April 2016

Article described the code sound reading system applied in I Can Read (ICR) Greenville language center. The research was done qualitatively through the observation of teaching and learning process in three different classes of ICR 1 level at the center. A pre-test and post-test for reading were taken from Book 2 of ICR 1. Participants were three classes with three different teachers having different working experiences. The results of the research were: (1) the use of code sounds in reading was useful to improve students’ reading skill which was shown by the increasing of correctly pronounced code sounds; (2) the students’ reading skill and reading comprehension had improved, regardless the teachers’ teaching style. In conclusion, a code sound reading system is successful in helping students to improve their reading skill and reading comprehension, regardless the teachers’ teaching style.
Fenomena Muenshakai sebagai Akibat Pola Hidup Individualisme serta Dampaknya terhadap Keadaan Sosial dan Ekonomi di Jepang
Authors: Prabowo Roberto Masami , Tjandra Sheddy Nagara
Published: April 2016

Article described capitalist social life of modern Japanesse that was having individualistic characteristic. This high indivialistic life affected the availability of disconnected family life called muenshakai (無縁社会). This phenomenon caused social and economic shifts in the Japanese family. This research used qualitative approach elaborated in descriptive analysis. The object of research or data corpus was the problem of a decline in Japan population in terms of the breakdown of the family. The research results indicated that muenshakai phenomenon has emerged in Japan caused by some sequential events, those are: the 2nd World War “legacy”, the availability of baby boom, the abolition of shūshinkoyō (終身雇用), the decreasing of marital rate, the increasing of divorce rate, the decreasing of bith rate (少子化), and the lost of family relationship. It can be concluded that the urban individualistic life style is able to change the traditional thinking pattern into oportunistic one that becomes one of the causal factors of muenshakai phenomenon.
Analisis Penggunaan Film dalam Peningkatan Pemahaman Bahasa China Mahasiswa
Authors: Mariana Mariana , Lin Xuc
Published: April 2016

Article explored to what extent students from the Chinese Department, Bina Nusantara University, were able to comprehend Mandarin language through “Home wih Kids” film. Qualitative method was applied by doing observation in class using prepared learning materials got from the film. There were 27 respondents coming from two classes. They were students from semester 1 who took Listening class. The writter also applied observation approach by distributing questionaires to students to know their comprehension of the film content. It can be concluded that students tend to be more enthusiastic in learning Chinese language by using film, and they are able to do the questions and retelling the plot of the film. This evidences prove that the influence of film gives more advantages to develop Chinese language proficiency of the Chinese department students, Bina Nusantara University.
Feeding ecology of alpine chamois living in sympatry with other ruminant species
Authors: Andreoli Elena , Roncoroni Cristina , Gusmeroli Fausto , Della Marianna Giampaolo , Giacometti Gianluca , Heroldová Marta , Barbieri Sara , Mattiello Silvana
Published: April 2016

The populations of Alpine chamois Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra are currently not at risk of extinction, but local population declines have been observed in some areas. Competition with other herbivore species may be one of the causes for this decline. The present research aims at describing the autumnal diet and preferences of Alpine chamois living in sympatry with red deer Cervus elaphus and roe deer Capreolus capreolus in central Italian Alps and to verify the presence of spatial and diet overlap among these herbivore species. We analyzed the rumen content of 35 samples collected during the hunting season from animals culled in Val Fontana. The results were integrated by data previously collected on rumen content of red deer and roe deer and on space use of the three herbivore species in the same study area. We identified 26 species and 15 genera belonging to 21 plant families of the 51 available in the study area. Monocotyledon families were the most frequently represented in chamois diet composition (78.11%), followed by Ericaceae (5.30%), Betulaceae (4.32%) and Cupressaceae (3.37%). All results showed similar diet between genders. Chamois diet was more similar to red deer than to roe deer diet. The diet selection index (W) showed that on the east‐facing side of the valley some species (Calluna vulgaris: Wm = 5.27; Juniperus communis: Wm = 4.24; Loiseleuria procumbens: Wm = 4.82) were selected above their availability, perhaps as a consequence of the higher spatial overlap on this side between chamois and red deer, which make similar use of vegetal resources. Although competition among species is unlikely, due to the low population densities, over‐exploitation of food resources and food niche overlap may be future limiting factors for local chamois population, and they should be taken into account for the proper management and control of wild and domestic ruminants.
Life Skills of Adolescents According to Internet Usage
Authors: Anuradha K.
Published: April 2016

Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and psychological human development that generally begins with the onset of physiologically normal puberty to the age of legal adulthood. This period of development corresponds roughly to the period between the ages of 10 and 19 years, which is consistent with the World Health Organization’s definition of ‘adolescence’. During this period adolescents need life skills to face the realities of life. Life skills help the young people to take positive actions to protect themselves and to promote health and meaningful social relationship. Social media like internet is playing a major role in maintaining social relations by becoming an integral part of many adolescents’ lives. The Internet can be known as a kind of global meeting place where people from all parts of the world can come together. The present study was conducted to assess the life skills of adolescents according to the usage of internet. The sample were adolescent students studying 7th, 8th and 9th standards in Chittoor district. Multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used to collect the data. In the first stage, one private and one Govt. school were identified randomly from four towns of Chittoor district Viz., Chittoor, Madanapalle, Srikalahasti and Tirupati. In the next stage 7th, 8th and 9th standard students were selected from each school giving equal choice to girls and boys using systematic random sampling technique. Thus, 90 students from each school, 180 students from each town and 720 from four towns constituted the sample of data collection. The tools used were Internet Usage Questionnaire and Life Skills Self Rating Scale. Adolescents differed significantly in their life skills score based on their internet usage. Comparatively low internet users have more life skills score than heavy internet users. Results also revealed that there was significant negative correlation between amount of time spent in internet usage and life skills scores of adolescents. Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-3, issue-2: 115-118
Comparison of non–stent retriever and stent retriever mechanical thrombectomy devices for the endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Hentschel Kate A. , Daou Badih , Chalouhi Nohra , Starke Robert M. , Clark Shannon , Gandhe Ashish , Jabbour Pascal , Rosenwasser Robert , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE

Mechanical thrombectomy is standard of care for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. However, limited data are available from assessment of outcomes of FDA-approved devices. The objective of this study is to compare clinical outcomes, efficacy, and safety of non–stent retriever and stent retriever thrombectomy devices.

METHODS

Between January 2008 and June 2014, 166 patients treated at Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience for acute ischemic stroke with mechanical thrombectomy using Merci, Penumbra, Solitaire, or Trevo devices were retrospectively reviewed. Primary outcomes included 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, recanalization rate (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction [TICI score]), and incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages (ICHs). Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression determined predictors of mRS Score 3–6, mortality, and TICI Score 3.

RESULTS

A total of 99 patients were treated with non–stent retriever devices (Merci and Penumbra) and 67 with stent retrievers (Solitaire and Trevo). Stent retrievers yielded lower 90-day NIH Stroke Scale scores and higher rates of 90-day mRS scores ≤ 2 (22.54% [non–stent retriever] vs 61.67% [stent retriever]; p < 0.001), TICI Score 2b–3 recanalization rates (79.80% [non–stent retriever] vs 97.01% [stent retriever]; p < 0.001), percentage of parenchyma salvaged, and discharge rates to home/rehabilitation. The overall incidence of ICH was also significantly lower (40.40% [non–stent retriever] vs 13.43% [stent retriever]; p = 0.002), with a trend toward lower 90-day mortality. Use of non–stent retriever devices was an independent predictor of mRS Scores 3–6 (p = 0.002), while use of stent retrievers was an independent predictor of TICI Score 3 (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Stent retriever mechanical thrombectomy devices achieve higher recanalization rates than non–stent retriever devices in acute ischemic stroke with improved clinical and radiographic outcomes and safety.