bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mastery-Approach Goals Eliminate Retrieval-Induced Forgetting
Authors: Ikeda Kenji , Castel Alan D. , Murayama Kou
Published: March 2015

The present study examined how achievement goals affect retrieval-induced forgetting. Researchers have suggested that mastery-approach goals (i.e., developing one’s own competence) promote a relational encoding, whereas performance-approach goals (i.e., demonstrating one’s ability in comparison with others) promote item-specific encoding. These different encoding processes may affect the degree to which participants integrate the exemplars within a category and, as a result, we expected that retrieval-induced forgetting may be reduced or eliminated under mastery-approach goals. Three experiments were conducted using a retrieval-practice paradigm with different stimuli, where participants’ achievement goals were manipulated through brief written instructions. A meta-analysis that synthesized the results of the three experiments showed that retrieval-induced forgetting was not statistically significant in the mastery-approach goal condition, whereas it was statistically significant in the performance-approach goal condition. These results suggest that mastery-approach goals eliminate retrieval-induced forgetting, but performance-approach goals do not, demonstrating that motivation factors can influence inhibition and forgetting.
Experience and current issues with recovery management from the Fukushima accident
Authors: Kai M.
Published: March 2015

This paper describes the experiences of, and issues with, recovery management following the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. The Fukushima accident has brought about socio-economic consequences with inevitable changes to daily life, as well as psychological effects. There is heightened concern amongst the population about the risk and effects of radiation at low doses. Experience has shown that the direct involvement of the affected population and local professionals is a decisive factor for management of the recovery phase. The radiological protection system of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) seems to be relevant to the recovery requirements of the Fukushima accident, although some problems remain in implementation. Reference levels could play a role in improving the situation by requiring an iterative optimisation process. The Fukushima experience indicated that a routine, top-down approach using radiological criteria alone was unable to deal with the complexity of the problems, and that stakeholder engagement should be explored. The technical knowledge gap between radiation experts and the public caused a lot of confusion. Experts should understand the ethical values attached to recovery, and ICRP should be more active in promoting trustworthy radiological protection advice.
Advisory Board and Earnings Persistence
Authors: Hsu Pei-Hui , Hu Xuesong
Published: March 2015

We examine the relationship between the board of directors and earnings persistence. We define the advisory role of board members as providing strategic counsel to top management. We argue that strategic counseling provided by the board helps create and sustain growth, which, in turn, translates into more persistent earnings. We find that for firms whose boards are dedicated to advising, earnings are more persistent and the association between earnings and future cash flows is higher, compared with firms whose boards are not focused on advising. We further find that advising by boards increases the persistence of both the cash flows component and the accruals component of current earnings. In additional analyses, we fail to find a consistently positive correlation between boards with intensive monitoring and more persistent earnings. Putting together, these results suggest that the relation between board structure and earnings persistence is more likely driven by the advisory role and less likely by the monitoring function of the board of directors.
Income Classification Shifting and Mispricing of Core Earnings
Authors: Alfonso Elio , Cheng C. S. Agnes , Pan Shanshan
Published: March 2015

This study examines whether the market misprices core earnings (operating income before depreciation and special items) when firms use income classification shifting tactics to boost their core earnings. We find that the market’s expectation of core earnings’ persistence is higher than the actual reported earnings persistence of firms that have shifted their core earnings. We also find that core earnings are more negatively associated with future returns for shifters than for non-shifters. Overall, we find strong evidence that the market overprices shifters’ core earnings. These results are robust to controlling for earnings management and real earnings management, endogeneity and self-selection, and using alternative measures of classification shifting. Our findings are timely given the Securities and Exchange Commission’s recent concerns of firms’ income classification shifting behavior.
Gastrojejunostomy Tube Bowel Perforations in Low‐Weight Infants
Authors: Massoumi Roxanne L. , Abdelhafeez Abdelhafeez H. , Christensen Melissa A. , Vo Nghia J. , Goday Praveen S. , Leack Kathleen M. , Duesing Lori A. , Wagner Amy J.
Published: March 2015

This is a case series in which 3 infants with gastrojejunostomy tube (GJT) insertion developed delayed perforation secondary to pressure necrosis. A review of all patients who underwent a GJT placement in 2013 was performed. Three of these patients developed surgically confirmed perforation secondary to pressure necrosis during this time period; no patients developed perforation at the time of GJT insertion. The indications for GJT insertion for all 3 patients were severe gastroesophageal reflux disease; 2 patients also had recurrent aspiration. The patients were between 9 weeks and 10 months of age at the time of GJT insertion. The site of perforation for all 3 cases occurred just distal to the ligament of Treitz between 48 and 72 hours following insertion. Given our 3 cases of perforation in patients weighing <10 kg, there may be a higher risk of perforation in low‐weight patients.
Regulatory Forum Opinion Piece*
Authors: Rouse Rodney
Published: March 2015

Both, the Society of Toxicologic Pathology (STP) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have released documents discussing histopathology methods in biomarker qualification studies. These documents appear to disagree on two critical and controversial aspects of methodology; blinding of pathologists and binning of data (Burkhardt et al. 2011 ; U.S. FDA 2011 ). Upon closer examination, however, both documents propose that blinded evaluation of biomarker studies is appropriate under similar strict criteria. However, they differ in their recommendations on the binning of data (i.e., individual binning of all changes vs. common binning of changes observed in control animals), seemingly based on different perceptions of study objectives and the role of the pathologist. This article offers a personal opinion on blinded evaluations and data binning in the context of biomarker qualification studies.
Ipsilateral Reduced Olfactory Bulb Volume in Patients with Unilateral Nasal Obstruction
Authors: Askar Sherif M. , Elnashar Ismail S. , El‐Anwar Mohammad W. , Amer Hazem S. , El Shawadfy Mohammad A. , Hosny Sameh M. , Bazeed Mohamed F. , Ahmed Ayman F. , Ghanem Mona A.
Published: March 2015

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of unilateral nasal obstruction (by nasal polyps of different histopathology) on olfactory bulb volume using MRI technique.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Tertiary university hospitals, Departments of Otolaryngology and Radiology.

Subjects and Methods

Eleven patients with a few months of complete unilateral nasal obstruction of different pathological etiologies were selected. MRI assessment of olfactory bulb volume was performed using planimetric manual contouring. The contralateral olfactory bulb was used as a comparative control for the same patient. Eleven healthy controls constituted the control group.

Results

Mean olfactory bulb volume ±SD of obstructed side = 14.3 ± 3.7 mm3, mean olfactory bulb volume ±SD of nonobstructed side = 43.49 ± 10.7 mm3. The difference between the 2 sides was significant (P =. 003). The difference in olfactory bulb volume between normal subjects and nonobstructed nasal side was statistically nonsignificant (t =. 9118, P =. 3727), while the difference between normal subjects’ olfactory bulb volume and obstructed nasal side olfactory bulb volume in our patients was extremely statistically significant (t = 9.7320, P <. 0001). A strong negative correlation was found between duration of obstruction and olfactory bulb volume (R = −0.9761).

Conclusion

This study shows that unilateral nasal obstruction may be associated with a lateralized ipsilateral difference of olfactory bulb volume.
Stories of the ‘dark’ continent: Crude constructions, diasporic identity, and international aid to Africa
Authors: Omobowale Ayokunle Olumuyiwa
Published: March 2015

Africa’s emergence into the geography of the known world has not been without controversies and the contradictions of crudity and underdevelopment in spite of the continent’s rich history as well as its natural and human resources. The crude conceptions of black Africa (as opposed to North Africa) are appositely captured in the literature and records of early Greek and Roman superpowers, European medieval explorers and Crusaders, Arab travelers and conquerors, and colonial anthropologists, archeologists, and historians. The ‘stories’ of Africa in modern times have remained that of despair and underdevelopment leading to emigration and the deployment of international aid. This review essay captures the reality and context of crude constructions of Africa by non-Africans and Africans; migrants’ appeal to religious identity in an attempt to relive and reconstruct their ‘Africanness’ for the purpose of survival; and Japanese aid to Africa.
Forced-Choice False Recognition Controlling for Response Bias Correlates With Dissociative Amnesia Controlling for Imagery, but Not With Image Vividness Controlling for Dissociation
Authors: Belliveau Danielle F. , Kunzendorf Robert G.
Published: March 2015

In the present study of false memory, subjects completed the Prevalence of Visual Imagery Test (PVIT), the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ), and the Curious Experiences Survey (CES); then, after generating visual images, viewing categorically related pictures, and viewing categorically related words, subjects completed forced-choice source recognition tests for whether they had “imaged” the word, the picture, or the image in a given category. Scoring higher on the CES Dissociative Amnesia/Fugue factor—controlling for the VVIQ and the PVIT—was associated both with poorer memory of the imaged source of visual images and with false memory of an imaged source for pictures. In contrast, greater image vividness on the VVIQ—controlling for CES factors—was not statistically associated with memory of an imaged source for images, pictures, or words. Greater image prevalence on the PVIT—controlling for CES factors—was associated with better memory of the imaged source of visual images and with less false memory of an imaged source for words.
Image or Real? Altering the Mental Imagery of Subliminal Stimuli Differentiates Explicit and Implicit Attitudes
Authors: Kawakami Naoaki , Miura Emi
Published: March 2015

Recent research has shown that implicit and explicit attitudes are uniquely sensitive to different types of information sources. We predicted that altering the mental imagery of subliminal stimuli, which are presented below conscious awareness, would lead to discrepancies between implicit and explicit attitudes. Using a subliminal mere exposure paradigm, participants were subliminally exposed 30 times to the figure of either a rabbit or a duck. Before exposure, however, we altered participants’ mental images verbally so that they were either consistent or inconsistent with the subliminal stimulus. As expected, we found evidence that implicit and explicit attitudes were dissociated when participants’ mental images were inconsistent with the subliminal stimuli: Implicit attitudes reflected the actually presented figure, whereas explicit attitudes reflected participants’ mental images. Thus, it seems that mental imagery influences the development of explicit attitudes, while real information influences the development of implicit attitudes.
Shame and Fantasy in Athletes and Dancers
Authors: Thomson Paula , Jaque S. Victoria
Published: March 2015

We investigated the differences in internalized shame and fantasy proneness between a group of athletes ( n = 99) and a group of dancers ( n = 140). We wanted to examine Schoenleber and Berenbaum's model that fantasy is a maladaptive preventive coping strategy for internalized shame. The multivariate analysis of covariance (gender as covariate) analyses indicated that (a) dancers had higher internalized shame and fantasy proneness when compared with athletes and (b) dancers' higher levels of fantasy proneness did not effectively reduce their internalized shame. We recommend that mental health workers who work with dancers and athletes include approaches that encompass shame regulation and that higher fantasy proneness is potentially associated with higher shame.
Different Growth Patterns of Canine Prostatic Carcinoma Suggests Different Models of Tumor-Initiating Cells
Authors: Akter S. H. , Lean F. Z. X. , Lu J. , Grieco V. , Palmieri C.
Published: March 2015

Controversies remain regarding the cell type from which human prostate cancer originates, and many attempts have been made to identify the cellular origin of canine prostate cancer but without definitive proof. This study aims to evaluate the expression of luminal (androgen receptor [AR], cytokeratin [CK]8/18) and basal (CK14, CK5) cell markers in different histologic subtypes of canine prostatic carcinoma (PC) and to suggest the most likely tumor-initiating cells. Normal prostates ( n = 8) were characterized by AR+CK8/18+ luminal cells and few CK5+ basal cells, while CK14 was absent. Similar pattern was observed in all 35 prostates with benign prostatic hyperplasia, except few scattered CK14+ basal cells in 13 samples (37.14%). AR was localized in the nucleus of both normal and hyperplastic cells. In 34 samples of PC, the following growth patterns were identified: cribriform (44.12%), solid (32.35%), small acinar/ductal (20.59%), and micropapillary (2.94%). Most PCs expressed AR and CK8/18, while CK5 and CK14 expression was observed in 25% and 20% of cases, respectively. AR revealed a variable intracellular distribution, both nuclear and cytoplasmic. Solid PC was characterized by an undifferentiated or aberrant phenotype with a reduced expression of AR and CK8/18, increased number of CK14+ cells, and 7 antigen expression patterns. This study demonstrated a predominance of differentiated luminal cell types in canine prostatic tumors, although the role of basal cells in prostate carcinogenesis should also be considered. Moreover, few scattered CK5+ cells in AR+CK8/18+ tumors identified the existence of intermediate cells, from which neoplastic transformation may alternatively commence.
Menstrual versus non-menstrual attacks of migraine without aura in women with and without menstrual migraine
Authors: Vetvik Kjersti Grøtta , Benth Jūratė Šaltytė , MacGregor E Anne , Lundqvist Christofer , Russell Michael Bjørn
Published: March 2015

Objective

The objective of this article is to compare clinical characteristics of menstrual and non-menstrual attacks of migraine without aura (MO), prospectively recorded in a headache diary, by women with and without a diagnosis of menstrual migraine without aura (MM) according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD).

Material and methods

A total of 237 women from the general population with self-reported migraine in ≥50% of their menstrual periods were interviewed and classified by a physician according to the criteria of the ICHD II. Subsequently, all participants were instructed to complete a prospective headache diary for at least three menstrual cycles. Clinical characteristics of menstrual and non-menstrual attacks of MO were compared by a regression model for repeated measurements.

Results

In total, 123 (52%) women completed the diary. In the 56 women who were prospectively diagnosed with MM by diary, the menstrual MO-attacks were longer (on average 10.65 hours, 99% CI 3.17–18.12) and more frequently accompanied by severe nausea (OR 2.14, 99% CI 1.20–3.84) than non-menstrual MO-attacks. No significant differences between menstrual and non-menstrual MO-attacks were found among women with MO, but no MM.

Conclusion

In women from the general population, menstrual MO-attacks differ from non-menstrual attacks only in women who fulfil the ICHD criteria for MM.
The Legacy of Transformational Moments in Feminist Psychology
Authors: Shields Stephanie A.
Published: March 2015

Important turning points in the history of feminist psychology can sometimes be traced to particular moments—specific publications or situations in which an individual or group sparked advancement of the field. Just as there are national milestones (e.g., formation of the American Psychological Association’s Division 35, the Society for the Psychology of Women and formation of the Association for Women in Psychology), there are also transformational moments with a local flavor, that is, events specific to a city, college/university, or specialization within psychology that play a role in the development of our field. In this article, I report the initial findings of a project aimed at collecting feminist psychologists’ first-person accounts of local events or activities (late 1960s to the present) that contributors believe have influenced, or are influencing, the development of feminist psychology, especially the scholarship of feminist psychology. Thus, this ongoing project focuses on the experiences of psychologists who organized, participated in, or benefited from the development of feminist psychology. Feminist psychologists in all phases of their careers in the United States and internationally are invited to participate by visiting the Division 35 website. The archive comprising these accounts complements existing archives of the history of psychology and individual biographies and autobiographies.
Numerical simulation of waste tyres gasification
Authors: Janajreh Isam , Raza Syed Shabbar
Published: March 2015

Gasification is a thermochemical pathway used to convert carbonaceous feedstock into syngas (CO and H2) in a deprived oxygen environment. The process can accommodate conventional feedstock such as coal, discarded waste including plastics, rubber, and mixed waste owing to the high reactor temperature (1000 °C–1600 °C). Pyrolysis is another conversion pathway, yet it is more selective to the feedstock owing to the low process temperature (350 °C–550 °C). Discarded tyres can be subjected to pyrolysis, however, the yield involves the formation of intermediate radicals additional to unconverted char. Gasification, however, owing to the higher temperature and shorter residence time, is more opted to follow quasi-equilibrium and being predictive. In this work, tyre crumbs are subjected to two levels of gasification modelling, i.e. equilibrium zero dimension and reactive multi-dimensional flow. The objective is to investigate the effect of the amount of oxidising agent on the conversion of tyre granules and syngas composition in a small 20 kW cylindrical gasifier. Initially the chemical compositions of several tyre samples are measured following the ASTM procedures for proximate and ultimate analysis as well as the heating value. The measured data are used to carry out equilibrium-based and reactive flow gasification. The result shows that both models are reasonably predictive averaging 50% gasification efficiency, the devolatilisation is less sensitive than the char conversion to the equivalence ratio as devolatilisation is always complete. In view of the high attained efficiency, it is suggested that the investigated tyre gasification system is economically viable.
Planning Skills
Authors: Greenlee Andrew J. , Edwards Mary , Anthony Jerry
Published: March 2015

Using results from two national surveys, this article explores differences in what planning skills are deemed most important from the perspectives of planning educators and practitioners. Many core planning skills have endured across all contexts, but we find that communities experiencing population decline exhibit demand for different skills than growing communities. Planning educators value teaching skills more closely aligned with those valued by senior-level planners when compared to skills demanded for entry-level planners. Our discussion examines the implications of these findings for the continued coevolution of planning practice and education.
Criminal, Victim, or Ally? Examining the Role of Sex Workers in Addressing Minor Sex Trafficking
Authors: Bergquist Kathleen Ja Sook
Published: March 2015

The absence of representation from the sex industry in efforts to address the commercial sexual exploitation of children is striking. “Voices” that get heard are generally limited to survivor testimony, while those who are currently in “the life” are excluded, despite the fact that many enter into prostitution underage and would have been defined as child sex trafficking victims under the Trafficking Victims Protection Act. This article explores the silencing effect of conflating prostitution with sex trafficking, the ways in which sex workers might contribute to addressing the commercial sexual exploitation of children as “allies,” and the ethical responsibility of social workers in anti-trafficking work.
Notes on Same-Sex Marriage
Authors: DeFilippis Joseph Nicholas , Anderson-Nathe Ben , Panichelli Meg
Published: March 2015

Using a critical feminist and social work lens, this article argues that the mainstream gay rights movement and its singular focus on marriage has consistently neglected the most marginal among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities and has instead focused on advancing the interests of elite and advantaged lesbian and gay people. We link professional obligations and values outlined in the National Association of Social Workers Code of Ethics to feminist and queer (both activist and scholarly) critiques of the gay marriage movement in three main ways. First, we explore the priorities of LGBT communities and draw on data that suggest there are more pressing needs than marriage equality for LGBT communities of color, who are poor, transgender, hold precarious citizenship, or are without citizenship. We then trouble that issue of marriage being upheld as the LGBT priority, as this diverts resources from these more pressing needs. Second, we look at marriage in Capitalist America and how marriage is used as a form of privatization and a tool of neoliberalism. Finally, we discuss the diversity of queer families and how they really live, while highlighting that the marriage movement stigmatizes and dismantles protections for nonhegemonic family structures. In moving forward, we argue that social workers must engage more critically with the many intersectional issues related to the gay marriage movement than it has in the past and employ feminist social work values and principles when working with LGBT communities.
Intentionality in Healing—The Voices of Men in Nursing
Authors: Zahourek Rothlyn P.
Published: March 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and potentially modify or expand a previously developed theory: Intentionality: The Matrix of Healing (IMH) using a sample of men in nursing. Design: A modified grounded theory approach described by Chen and Boore (2009) and by Amsteus (2014). Method: Twelve men in nursing were recruited. Each was interviewed at least once and their feedback solicited to determine accuracy of interpretation. Results were compared and contrasted to those obtained from the earlier research with six female nurses and their patients. Results: Both groups viewed intentionality as different from, and greater than, intention. Intentionality reflects the whole person’s values, goals, and experiences. The men emphasized the importance of reflective spiritual practices, developing self-awareness, being aware of the stress experienced by males in a female profession, and the role of action in manifesting intentionality in healing. Conclusions: The theory is substantiated with minor changes in emphases. Further study is warranted to expand the understanding of this basic concept in nursing and healing.
Militant partnership: a radical pluralist analysis of workforce dialectics
Authors: Dundon Tony , Dobbins Tony
Published: March 2015

The sociological understandings of both cooperation and resistance at work are complex. This article contributes to knowledge about dialectic tensions concerning both collaborative and conflictual workforce orientations in the context of a ‘pre-arranged’ union-management partnership agreement. It reports unofficial workforce militancy in opposition to both management and union policy regarding a socially constructed cooperative work regime. The article advances a ‘radical pluralist’ analysis to understand the formation of worker interests and attendant workforce orientations within capitalism.
The risk of impoverishment in urban development-induced displacement and resettlement in Ahmedabad
Authors: Patel Sejal , Sliuzas Richard , Mathur Navdeep
Published: March 2015

Processes of globalization and neoliberal reforms of local governance in Indian cities have created distinct patterns by reshaping the physical and social landscapes of India’s cities, triggering contestations between the privileged and the dispossessed. This paper addresses the consequences for poor households of mega-urban renewal and infrastructure projects and the processes of displacement and resettlement in Ahmedabad, India. The findings indicate that the displaced poor households have been further impoverished in the course of current practices as a result of limited attention to the risk of impoverishment both in policy and in local government practices. Contrary to the state’s rhetoric of inclusive governance, the urban poor are completely excluded from planning for infrastructure development and resettlement processes, leading to a lack of understanding of their needs by the state and their subsequent impoverishment after resettlement.
The impact of participatory budgeting on basic services: municipal practices and evidence from the field
Authors: Cabannes Yves
Published: March 2015

In 2013, over 1,700 local governments in more than 40 countries were practising participatory budgeting (PB), which entails citizens meeting to agree on priorities for part of the local government budget for their neighbourhood or the city as a whole, and helping to oversee project implementation. This paper reviews PB in 20 cities in different continents, ranging from small urban centres to Chengdu, China, with over 17 million inhabitants, and examines 20,000 recently funded projects worth over US$ 2 billion. It finds that PB has contributed significantly to improving basic service provision and management, with projects that are usually cheaper and better maintained because of community control and oversight. While in most cases PB improves governance and the delivery of services, it does not often fundamentally change existing power relations between local governments and citizens. The paper also discusses challenges and solutions for PB’s effectiveness and scaling up.
Cognitive Diversity to Team Outcomes
Authors: Mello Abby L. , Delise Lisa A.
Published: March 2015

Effects of diversity in team members’ rational and intuitive cognitive styles on team outcomes were investigated in a moderated-mediation model, exploring conflict management as a moderator and cohesion as a mediator. The negative effects of diversity on cohesion were moderated by conflict management, such that diversity harmed cohesion when conflict management was low but had no effect when conflict management was high. Cohesion mediated the relationship between the interaction of cognitive diversity and conflict management on team viability but not task performance. Implications for practice include promoting cognitive diversity and conflict management training in diverse teams. Suggestions for future research include expanding the sample and utilizing causal research designs.
Evaluating the National HIV/AIDS Strategy
Authors: Joe J. Richelle
Published: March 2015

The White House Office of National AIDS Policy released the National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS) in 2010 as the domestic response to an illness that currently impacts over 1 million Americans. The policy aims to decrease HIV infections, improve health outcomes, and reduce health disparities, and outlines efforts that will be taken to reach these goals. Although it remains the most comprehensive national policy to date, the NHAS neglects to consider the familial context and includes no family-centered approaches to prevention and care. In this article, the policy will be evaluated with recommendations about how family-centered care can be incorporated into the NHAS goals and interventions. Research, practice, and advocacy recommendations for professional counselors and marriage and family therapists will also be discussed.
Turning Points
Authors: Murray Christine E. , Crowe Allison , Flasch Paulina
Published: March 2015

The decision whether to leave an abusive relationship is very complex for victims. A small but growing body of research demonstrates the importance of turning points in these decisions. Situated within the theoretical framework of the Transtheoretical Model of Change, this study uses a phenomenological data analysis process to analyze the descriptions of turning points provided by a sample of 123 survivors of past abusive relationships who had been out of any abusive relationships for at least 2 years. Six distinct themes of turning points are identified: (a) facing the threat of severe violence; (b) changing their perspective about the relationship, abuse, and/or their partner; (c) learning about the dynamics of abuse; (d) experiencing an intervention from external sources or consequences; (e) realizing the impact of the violence on children; and (f) the relationship being terminated by the abuser or some other cause. Implications for research, counseling practice, and theory are discussed.
Efficacy of Lithuanian Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP) on Parenting Style and Perception of Child Behavior
Authors: Jonyniene Jolita , Kern Roy M. , Gfroerer Kelly P.
Published: March 2015

The short- and long-term efficacy of the Adlerian parent education program Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP), which is the group-based parenting class model, was the focus of the current study in Lithuania. In the quasi-experimental research study, the outcome measures included parenting style, child behavior as perceived by parents, and knowledge related to parenting. In 2011–2012, 44 parenting groups were organized, which resulted in 348 program and 299 comparison group participants at posttest. In 3- to 4-month period, the follow-up assessment was completed by 38.8% of parents. Specifically, the findings indicated that the STEP program was efficacious for increasing maternal and paternal knowledge on parenting, decreasing maternal authoritarian and permissive parenting styles and parental negative perceptions of the target child’s behavior. The changes listed were found to be stable as reflected in the follow-up. The researchers believe that the current study with the sufficient empirical rigor expands the generalizability of the STEP program outcomes on mothers and fathers in North America, Lithuania as well as Europe. Furthermore, the results have finally provided the Lithuanian therapists, parent educators, and parents with an evidence-based parenting program as recommended by the Council of Europe.
Reduced Effect of Aspirin and Clopidogrel Following Hybrid Coronary Revascularization
Authors: Modrau Ivy Susanne , Würtz Morten , Kristensen Steen Dalby , Hvas Anne-Mette
Published: March 2015

Objective:

Reduced effect of antiplatelet therapy following coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with reduced graft patency. We sought to evaluate the impact of hybrid coronary revascularization on the effect of aspirin and clopidogrel and whether high baseline platelet aggregation, high postoperative levels of platelet turnover, and acute-phase response may contribute to the effect.

Methods:

We prospectively studied platelet aggregation (VerifyNow and Multiplate Analyzer), platelet turnover (immature platelets, mean platelet volume, and thrombopoietin), and acute-phase reactants (C-reactive protein, von Willebrand factor, and coagulation factor VIII) in 40 patients undergoing elective hybrid coronary revascularization (off-pump surgical revascularization through J-hemisternotomy followed by percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]). Preoperative blood samples on- and off-aspirin were compared with blood samples obtained postoperatively, following PCI when dual antiplatelet therapy had been initiated and at 1-year follow-up.

Results:

The antiplatelet effect of aspirin was significantly reduced in the early postoperative period as measured by VerifyNow Aspirin but not by Multiplate ASPI test. The antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel was significantly reduced following PCI as measured by VerifyNow P2Y12 and Multiplate ADP test. The level of baseline aggregation did not predict the antiplatelet effect of aspirin or clopidogrel, and no association was found between platelet aggregation and postoperative platelet turnover or acute-phase reaction.

Conclusions:

A transient reduction in the antiplatelet effect of aspirin and clopidogrel was observed after hybrid coronary revascularization despite limited surgical trauma and off-pump technique. Neither baseline platelet aggregation nor postoperatively increased platelet turnover and acute-phase response could explain this finding. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02293928.
Evaluation of VTE Prophylaxis in an Educational Hospital
Authors: Gharaibeh Lubna , Albsoul-Younes Abla , Younes Nidal
Published: March 2015

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the most common preventable cause of hospital death; the burden of VTE includes the management of the acute event (deep vein thrombosis [DVT]/pulmonary embolism) and the chronic subsequents such as postthrombotic syndrome and recurrent DVT. All experts agree that despite the abundance of knowledge available on VTE and how to prevent it, it is still underused, and since the first step in prophylaxis is to identify those who are at high risk of VTE, several risk assessment models have been developed to identify these patients and provide appropriate prophylaxis. In our study, the institutional guideline in a tertiary educational hospital is the Caprini score (2006), a comparison was conducted between the institutional guideline and the American College of Chest Physicians guideline (ACCP ninth edition [ACCP-9]) in terms of the degree of agreement of the actual prophylaxis with the institutional guideline and the ACCP-9 and the differences in risk levels. The concordance with the ACCP-9 guideline was higher than with the institutional guideline, specifically in those patients receiving prophylaxis, and there was an overestimation of the risk levels in the institutional guideline, especially in medical patients. The replacement of the existing Caprini-2006 with the ACCP-9 is prudent, since it agrees with the physicians’ clinical judgment and may result in reduced use of pharmacologic prophylaxis which could lead to lower costs and fewer adverse effects.
Non-Pharmacological Interventions for ADHD in School Settings: An Overarching Synthesis of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Moore Darren A. , Richardson Michelle , Gwernan-Jones Ruth , Thompson-Coon Jo , Stein Ken , Rogers Morwenna , Garside Ruth , Logan Stuart , Ford Tamsin J.
Published: March 2015

Objective: This overarching synthesis brings together the findings of four systematic reviews including 138 studies focused on non-pharmacological interventions for ADHD used in school settings. These reviews considered the effectiveness of school-based interventions for ADHD, attitudes toward and experience of school-based interventions for ADHD, and the experience of ADHD in school settings. Method: We developed novel methods to compare the findings across these reviews inductively and deductively. Results: Key contextual issues that may influence the effectiveness and implementation of interventions include the relationships that pupils with ADHD have with their teachers and peers, the attributions individuals make about the etiology of ADHD, and stigma related to ADHD or intervention attendance. Conclusion: Although we found some positive effects for some outcomes and intervention categories, heterogeneity in effect size estimates and research evidence suggests a range of diverse contextual factors potentially moderate the implementation and effectiveness of school-based interventions for ADHD.
Reasons for Treatment Changes in Patients With Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
Authors: Anderson Kathryn L. , Feldman Steven R.
Published: March 2015

Background:

Psoriasis treatment involves multiple treatment arms. Treatment choice depends on many factors and may change, due to the chronicity of psoriasis.

Objective:

The purpose of our study is to explore reasons for treatment changes in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis.

Methods:

Ten charts of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis were reviewed. The medication changes and reasons for change were extracted. A “treatment change” was defined as switching between medication classes, adding or removing a medication class, or switching medications within the oral or biologic medication class.

Results:

Seventy-seven treatment changes were identified. On average, 1 treatment change occurred per year of follow-up. The most common reason for treatment change was inadequate disease control.

Conclusions:

Inadequate disease control with current therapy is the most common reason a physician changes treatment for moderate to severe psoriasis. More efficacious treatments or ways to improve efficacy may help improve the long-term outcomes of psoriasis.
Primary Cutaneous Carcinosarcoma of the Basal Cell Subtype Should Be Treated as a High-Risk Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bourgeault Emilie , Alain Jimmy , Gagné Eric
Published: March 2015

Background:

Cutaneous carcinosarcoma is a rare primary tumor of the skin, characterized by biphasic epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation.

Objective:

Due to the limited number of cases reported, there is no consensus regarding treatment and prognosis. Some authors suggest that cutaneous carcinosarcomas should be viewed as aggressive tumors, with ancillary imaging used to evaluate potential metastatic disease. Other reports demonstrate an indolent disease course, especially with epidermal-type cutaneous carcinosarcomas.

Methods:

We report a case of cutaneous carcinosarcoma, which we treated with electrodessication and curettage following a shave biopsy. The tumor had an epithelial component resembling a basal cell carcinoma and a fibrosarcomatous stroma.

Results:

At 1-year follow-up, our patient did not show evidence of recurrence or metastasis.

Conclusions:

Our case suggests that a cutaneous carcinosarcoma with an epithelial component composed of basal cell carcinoma can be regarded as a high-risk nonmelanoma skin cancer.
Community-based walking exercise for peripheral artery disease: An exploratory pilot study
Authors: Mays Ryan J , Hiatt William R , Casserly Ivan P , Rogers R Kevin , Main Deborah S , Kohrt Wendy M , Ho P Michael , Regensteiner Judith G
Published: March 2015

Supervised walking exercise is an effective treatment to improve walking ability of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), but few exercise programs in community settings have been effective. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a community-based walking exercise program with training, monitoring and coaching (TMC) components to improve exercise performance and patient-reported outcomes in PAD patients. This was a randomized, controlled trial including PAD patients ( n=25) who previously received peripheral endovascular therapy or presented with stable claudication. Patients randomized to the intervention group received a comprehensive community-based walking exercise program with elements of TMC over 14 weeks. Patients in the control group did not receive treatment beyond standard advice to walk. The primary outcome in the intent-to-treat (ITT) analyses was peak walking time (PWT) on a graded treadmill. Secondary outcomes included claudication onset time (COT) and patient-reported outcomes assessed via the Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ). Intervention group patients ( n=10) did not significantly improve PWT when compared with the control group patients ( n=10) (mean±standard error: +2.1±0.7 versus 0.0±0.7 min, p=0.052). Changes in COT and WIQ scores were greater for intervention patients compared with control patients (COT: +1.6±0.8 versus −0.6±0.7 min, p=0.045; WIQ: +18.3±4.2 versus −4.6±4.2%, p=0.001). This pilot using a walking program with TMC and an ITT analysis did not improve the primary outcome in PAD patients. Other walking performance and patient self-reported outcomes were improved following exercise in community settings. Further study is needed to determine whether this intervention improves outcomes in a trial employing a larger sample size.
(Un)critically queer organizing: Towards a more complex analysis of LGBTQ organizing in Lebanon
Authors: Moussawi Ghassan
Published: March 2015

In this article, I explore two contending claims in the literature on LGBTQ organizing in the Global South. Whereas some theorists argue that LGBTQ groups in the Global South uncritically apply “Western” understandings of sexuality in their LGBTQ organizing, others claim that a global LGBTQ identity and community truly exists, which despite taking on different forms, follows one similar “developmental” trajectory. Drawing on the cases of the two Lebanese LGBTQ social movement organizations (SMOs) Helem and Meem, I argue that the present literature homogenizes such organizations and does not account for the complexities, differences and diversities in their activism. By analyzing their respective websites, online publications and published online speeches from 2004 to 2011, I argue that Meem and Helem's different strategic choices and definitions of collective queer identities both simultaneously contest and engage with dominant models of Euro-American LGBTQ organizing. I illustrate that, despite their different organizing strategies, both Helem and Meem attempt to remain rooted in a local context by highlighting their multiple positions and intersectional struggles. In addition, I show that geopolitical context plays a central role in their collective identity deployment since the two groups highlight different aspects of themselves in relation to local and global audiences. Finally, I use this case to point out the limitations of the present literature and the need for research that operates with a more complex sense of LGBTQ groups in the Global South.
The early learning of interlingual correspondence rules in receptive multilingualism
Authors: Vanhove Jan
Published: March 2015

Aims and objectives:

This article investigates whether learners are able to quickly discover simple, systematic graphemic correspondence rules between their L1 and an unknown but closely related language in a setting of receptive multilingualism.

Design:

Eighty L1 German speakers participated in a translation task with written Dutch words, most of which had a German cognate. In the first part of the translation task, participants were shown 48 Dutch words, among which either 10 cognates containing the digraph ‹oe› (always corresponding to a German word with ‹u›) or 10 cognates with the digraph ‹ij› (corresponding to German ‹ei›). During this part, participants were given feedback in the form of the correct translation. In the second (feedback-free) part of the task, participants were shown another 150 Dutch words, among which 21 cognates with ‹oe› and 21 cognates with ‹ij›.

Data and analysis:

The participants’ German translations of ‹oe› and ‹ij› cognates in the second part were coded for the presence of ‹u› and ‹ei›, respectively. The data were then analyzed in generalized linear mixed models. Data and R code are available online.

Findings:

Participants who encountered ‹oe› or ‹ij› cognates in the first part were more likely to translate ‹oe› or ‹ij› cognates using German words containing ‹u› or ‹ei›, respectively, in the second part compared to their respective controls, suggesting that correspondence rule learning had taken place. Learning effects during the second part, i.e. in the absence of explicit feedback, were more modest.

Originality:

This study provides the first direct experimental evidence of interlingual correspondence rule learning during a receptive multilingualism task.

Significance:

These findings pave the way towards investigations of the learning of more complex, less systematic correspondence rules that are nonetheless of great importance in receptive multilingualism.
“There’s so much more to it than what I initially thought”: Stepping into researchers’ shoes with a class activity in a first year psychology survey course
Authors: Tatlow-Golden Mimi
Published: March 2015

In psychology, it is widely agreed that research methods, although central to the discipline, are particularly challenging to learn and teach, particularly at introductory level. This pilot study explored the potential of embedding a student-conducted research activity in a one-semester undergraduate Introduction to Psychology survey course, with the aims of (a) engaging students with the topic of research methods; (b) developing students’ comprehension and application of research methods concepts; and (c) building students’ ability to link research with theory. The research activity explored shoe ownership, examining gender differences and relationships with age, and linking to theories of gender difference and of consumer identity. The process of carrying out the research and reflecting on it created a contextualized, active learning environment in which students themselves raised many issues that research methods lectures seek to cover. Students also wrote richer assignments than standard first year mid-term essays.
Co-designing collaboration: Using a partnership framework for shared policymaking in geriatric networks
Authors: Jansen Erik , Baur Vivianne , de Wit Maarten , Wilbrink Nynke , Abma Tineke
Published: March 2015

Involving older people in policymaking is an emerging trend. In the literature no studies were found on the macro-level development of partnerships between older people and professionals in healthcare policy. The purpose of this article is to explore the potential of a partnership framework as part of action research (AR) for facilitating user involvement and collaborations in policymaking. We present a study in which older people became partners in eight regional geriatric research networks, as part of a national program to innovate elderly care. A partnership framework, consisting of conditions, actions, relations, and values, structured the AR study. In the study older people’s delegates and professionals co-designed this partnership framework by first separately deliberating in homogeneous meetings, followed by heterogeneous dialogue. In regional workshops this model was used to reflect on local partnership relations and to identify actions for implementation. Findings reveal that the partnership framework offered a structure to facilitate user involvement and the development of partnerships in the regional geriatric policy networks. We conclude that co-designing partnerships with the help of our framework is a useful approach to facilitate collaborative policymaking processes. Co-designing partnership may also be helpful in other AR studies.