bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐31: Student Poster: Low Temperature of 150 °C Processed IGTO Thin‐Film Transistors for Flexible Display Application
Authors: Choi Cheol Hee , Kim Taikyu , Jeong Jae Kyeong
Published: June 2022

The high‐performance amorphous In‐Ga‐Sn‐O (a‐IGTO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) was fabricated with plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD)‐derived Al2O3 high‐k gate dielectric at a maximum processing temperature of 150 °C. During the deposition of Al2O3 dielectric on a‐IGTO films, the hydrogen (H) and excess oxygen (Oi) defects from the Al2O3 act significant role on TFTs operation. The amounts of H and Oi can be controlled by adjusting oxygen plasma density in radio‐frequency (rf) of PEALD. The optimized a‐IGTO TFT exhibit high‐performance electrical properties with field‐effect mobility (μFE) of 58.8 cm2/Vs, subthreshold gate swing (SS) of 0.12 V/decade, threshold voltage (VTH) of 0.5 V.
P‐139: Process Simulation Reflecting Hydrogen/Oxygen for Oxide Semiconductor Thin Film Transistor
Authors: Kim Kihwan , Sim Myungbo , Bang Sukhwan , Park Joon Seok , Son Byung Taek , Jang Seung Hyun , Choi Tae Young , Baek Seungin , Kim Yongjo
Published: June 2022

To predict the effect of hydrogen and oxygen diffusion from the other adjacent layer to oxide semiconductor, we fabricated amorphous IGZO TFT (In‐Ga‐Zn‐O thin film transistor) with various gate insulator (SiOx) layer and various oxygen treatment above gate insulator. Then, simulation was performed to investigate the relationship among the hydrogen and oxygen content of the a‐IGZO and electrical properties of the TFTs. At this time, we obtained a certain diffusion coefficient for oxygen and hydrogen in each layer through deuterium and isotope experiments, and used these as input parameters for the simulation. And we found a high carrier concentration of IGZO was proportional to the increase in the amount of SiH4 gas ratio during the gate insulator deposition. And it was confirmed that the amount of oxygen in the active layer was different according to the oxygen treatment condition on top of the gate insulator. It is thought that oxygen in plasma state was injected into the silicon oxide (SiOx) layer before metal deposition occurred. The oxygen diffusion coefficient in metal is extremely small compared to SiOx, so it is impossible to inject oxygen into SiOx after metal deposition. As a result of applying the models of hydrogen and oxygen conditions, we were able to predict the Vth trend of the measurement results considerably
P‐33: Measuring Color Strength for Wide Color Gamut OLEDs
Authors: Park YungKyung
Published: June 2022

With the release of high‐brightness and high‐chromatic OLED displays, color characteristics have become different from existing displays. The saturation of each pixel increases, and the luminance range widens, resulting in an H‐K effect that looks brighter than the actual luminance. This is a phenomenon that looks bright due to high purity and cannot be measured. In this paper, we intend to quantify the color characteristics of OLEDs using perceptual lightness predicted by color appearance model (CAM16) and measured luminance values. A new model to predict the H‐K effect was suggested as ‘Color Strength’ using the perceptual lightness and luminance. As a result, the values of QD OLED, W OLED, and LCD were compared by calculating the Color Strength.
P‐40: Techniques of Touch Sensing and Display Driving for Avoiding Display Artifacts for Flexible OLED Applications
Authors: Ito Daisuke , Shiomura Masaaki , Losh Jonathan L , Tanaka Nobukazu , Takeyama Hiroshi
Published: June 2022

Currently, use of flexible OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) displays is increasing, especially in mobile phone applications due to the high flexibility in industrial design they provide for curved edge and foldable smartphones and tablets. For flexible OLED, TFE (Thin Film Encapsulation) technology is widely used to prevent water and oxygen permeation, and as the name suggests, it is extremely thin. Accordingly, when on‐cell touch panels transition from rigid OLED with ~200 um glass encapsulation to flexible OLED with ~8 um TFE, the distance between display electrodes and the touch sensor becomes considerably closer. The dramatically increased capacitive coupling between the display and touch systems produces a correspondingly increased risk of errors in voltages driven to the display pixels due to touch sensing modulation coupling into the display system, resulting in deteriorated display image quality. In this paper, we introduce touch sensing and display driving techniques for avoiding display artifacts for flexible OLED applications.
P‐47: A Repair Method for Improving Pad Damage of COG MiniLED
Authors: Tang Hai , Chu Yutian , Kong Chengcheng , Gao Liang , Zhai Ming , Sun Haiwei
Published: June 2022

A COG Mini‐LED chip repair method with a yield ≥ 99.9% is realized by the following three methods: first, a buffer layer is added at the bottom of the pad; second, a suitable repair temperature; and third, IMC suppression layers are added on the surface of the pad.
P‐51: Study on the Sealing Property of Narrow Border Display
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Zhu Feifei , Zhang Xinxia , Lv Fengzhen , Zhang Ran , Wang Zhangtao
Published: June 2022

This paper focuses on the influence of interface adhesion and moisture permeability on the reliability of LCD products under the trend of narrow border. It is concluded that the interface polarity of the substrate and sealant should be matched to improve the adhesive force; meanwhile, the model of Reliability‐Moisture Permeability‐Sealant Width is obtained, to determine the minimum sealant width within reliability assurance.
P‐61: Dual Cell Display System for Intelligent Viewing‐Adjustable LCDs
Authors: Lei Sijun , Sun Yansheng , Geng Yuxu , Zhang Zhi , Chen Shounian , Sha Jin , Deng Yong , Wang Yijun , Xin Lan
Published: June 2022

There are many researches about the display with adjustable viewing angle in order to get the privacy protection of sensitive information. Narrowing viewing angle in privacy mode can protect the information from peeping but often affect the characteristics of share mode performance. In this paper, two novel light‐filed control approaches, SVC‐P and SVC‐D, are proposed and the luminance distribution and color shift in share mode is improved.
P‐65: Autostereoscopic Display for Two Viewers Providing Images Specific to Each Viewpoint
Authors: BORJIGIN Garimagai , KAKEYA Hideki
Published: June 2022

This paper proposes a novel autostereoscopic display with a directional backlight unit using a linear Fresnel lens array. In the proposed system, different stereoscopic image pairs can be provided to each of the two viewers simultaneously, and the viewing zone where two viewers can see the specific views for their own eyes without interfering with each other's view is enlarged.
P‐67: Student Poster: Design and Analysis of Deflection Structure for Light‐Field Display
Authors: Chen Yi Lin , Hsu Kai Siang , Lin Hoang Yan
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this paper is to propose the architecture of 3D display, then using commercial software RSoft® and MatLab® for 3D finite difference time domain method (FDTD) for simulation and analysis. Gaussian Beam is utilized as the light source, and the range of simulation is based on the single volume pixel (Voxel) of display defined as the simulated environmental scale.
P‐68: Student Poster: A Miniaturized Polarization‐multiplexed Dual‐plane Head‐mounted Display System for Augmented Reality
Authors: Yan Zekun , Li Yan , Wang Lin , Wang Bo
Published: June 2022

A dual‐plane head‐mounted display system based on polarization‐multiplexing is proposed. A metal wire grid polarizer is employed to separate the two orthogonal polarizations to different optical paths due to its excellent polarization‐selective characteristics within large angle and spectrum ranges. System parameters including the curvatures of the reflective mirrors and the aspheric lens have been optimized to achieve good image quality within a field of view of ~ 50 degrees at different focal depths. Our system could provide correct depths for full‐color 3D images, so that the vergence‐accommodation conflict and visual fatigue problems could be solved.
P‐78: Atomic‐scale sidewall passivation for microLED devices
Authors: Lång Jouko
Published: June 2022

The rapid adoption of the microLED technology marks a new chapter for emission‐based displays offering much better image quality, higher contrast, wider color gamut, faster response time, and lower power consumption. However, due to sidewall non‐radiative recombination, microLEDs suffer from poor efficiency when the chip size is decreased. This paper demonstrates that the microLED efficiency can be substantially increased with atomic‐scale crystalline oxide passivation, enabling a new pathway in realizing the next‐generation displays with the required performance levels.
P‐84: Student Poster: Selective‐Coating CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots on Stretchable Substrate with Controlled Density by Inducing Ligand‐Exchange Reaction
Authors: Park Jong Ho , Yoon Jinsu , Kim Yiseul , Hong Yongtaek
Published: June 2022

Applying QDs on flexible and stretchable media is a challenging issue, and efficient fabrication methods are required. Here, we report a selective coating method controlling the density of QDs on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate via simple surface treatment. By using ligand exchange reaction between carboxyl acid group in oleic acid and sulfonic acid in poly(4‐styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS), we obtained QDs coated PDMS substrate with high selectivity. Moreover, the thickness of PSS showed proportionality to the density of QDs which is directly related to photoluminescence. In this sense, by adjusting the pattern and the thickness of PSS, the density of QDs on the PDMS substrate can be controlled with high selectivity.
P‐86: Ink‐Jet Printed Stable Full‐Color Perovskite and Quantum Rod Color Filter
Authors: GAO Yiyang , Kang Chengbin , Prodanov Maksym F. , Vashchenko Valerii V. , Srivastava Abhishek K.
Published: June 2022

Photoluminescence color filter (PLCF) array using quantum color converters is recently a strong candidate to replace traditional absorptive CF in various display applications. PLCF displays are expected to have higher efficiency and wider color gamut. Ink‐jet printing is a versatile and low‐cost method to pattern color converting films, but uniformity problem is to be concerned. To utilize perovskite nanoparticles (PNP) and low dimension semiconductor material, maintaining good photoluminescence (PL) properties in the processing and long‐term stability is challenging. In our work, we use a porous polymer film (PF) as the ink jet printing template. Capillary effect of the sub‐micron pores in the PF promotes uniform coffee‐ring free printing with reduced size (<50 μm). Without using any mask or bank structures, green PNP and red Quantum Rod (QR) arrays can be printed with high quality. The PF CF is endowed with good PL stability for more than 80 days. In terms of device application, ambient contrast ratio become problematic considering the ambient light excitation of color converters. We adapted bottom CF structure for LCD to solve this problem. A LCD equipped with a printed full‐color PNP‐QR PF CF was demonstrated. The color gamut of the design can reach 96.9% BT.2020.
P‐87: Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance‐Enhanced ZnSeTe Blue Quantum Dot Light‐emitting Diodes with AuAg Alloy Nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Sun-Kyo , Lee Sun-Hyoung , Jo Dae-Yeon , Yoon Suk-Young , Kim Hyun-Min , Kim Yuri , Channa Ali Imran , Kim Yang-Hee , Kim Jiwan , Yang Heesun
Published: June 2022

We present the first case of plasmon‐enhanced blue quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs), fabricated from Cd‐free ZnSeTe quantum dots (QDs). The performance of plasmonic QLED with AuAg nanoparticles (NPs) was enhanced by up to 20.3% compared to reference device with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 7.1 %.
P‐89: High‐Efficiency Red Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with Acrylate‐Treated ZnMgO as an Electron Transport Layer
Authors: Yoon Suk-Young , Lee Sun-Hyoung , Jo Dae-Yeon , Kim Hyun-Min , Kim Yuri , Kim Sun-Kyo , Channa Ali Imran , Kim Yang-Hee , Kim Jiwan , Yang Heesun
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate a highly efficient red cadmium‐free quantum dot light‐emitting diode (QLED) with Zn(acrylate)‐treated ZnMgO nanoparticles as an electron transport layer. As‐fabricated QLED exhibits maximum external quantum efficiency of 12.0% and luminance of 16954 cd/m2.
P‐94: Student Poster: Color‐Tunable Textile‐Based Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes toward a True Wearable Fashion Display
Authors: Lee Junwoo , Cho Ha-Eun , Park Yongjin , Hwang Yong Ha , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate color‐tunable organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with a red, green, and blue emission material deposited on an ultra‐thin textile platform. It secures similar performance to glass‐based OLEDs and proves the potential of a true wearable fashion display.
P‐136: Late‐News Poster: Functional Hard Coatings for Foldable Displays
Authors: Kärkkäinen Ari , Kabir Rakib , Legrand Sacha , Leppäjärvi Tiina , Pschirer Neil
Published: June 2022

Recently, OLED technology has enabled the first mass adoption of mobile phones with large foldable displays. The displays, however, remain quite prone to scratching and few materials are proficient in both durability and flexibility. This paper describes the performance of Optitune siloxane‐based hard coatings, which are applicable in mass‐production environments. The FleXFOLD+ coating exhibits excellent optics, scratch resistance as well as foldability, all of which are extremely important properties in the foldable display applications.
P‐98: Strategies for Improving Optical Performance of LCD In‐Cell Fingerprint Identification
Authors: Yong Jin-Sen , Wang Wei-Yu , Chen Cheng-Huan , Chang Yao-Chung , Lai Chih-Chang , Lin Ching-Chun
Published: June 2022

Two strategies to modify the current in‐cell LCD fingerprint device with two hole layers structure have been proposed and verified with ray tracing simulation to be effective for improving contrast, dynamic range and minimum intensity simultaneously.
P‐99: Novel Transparent Infrared Flat‐panel Detector Used in Ultra‐large Display with Laser Interactive Function
Authors: Zhou Lin , Cai Shoujin , Li Cheng , Che Chuncheng
Published: June 2022

The weak infrared response characteristics of a‐Si (Amorphous Silicon) photodiode have been investigated. The EQE (External Quantum Efficiency) of a‐Si photodiode at 850nm is about 0.03%. However, it's enough for the infrared laser interactive application. Then, we developed a novel transparent infrared flatpanel detector, which can be inserted into the LCD module, and have little influence on display.
P‐100: Driving Technology of Super Large Full In Cell Touch LCD
Authors: Zhang Yin-long , Liao Yan-ping , Peng Zhao-yu , Chen Dong-chuan , Su Guo-huo , Su Qiu-jie , Shao Xi-bin
Published: June 2022

This paper introduces a self‐contained ultra‐large In Cell Touch driving scheme, which can be applied in 43 inch, 86 inch and larger In Cell Touch products. This driving scheme divides the VCOM electrodes in the liquid crystal cell for traditional LCD into several Sensor blocks, uses display and touch time‐sharing to drive the signal, modulates the signal in Touch stage, and uses special communication protocol to achieve simultaneous touch effect of active pen and finger.
P‐109: Novel Anti‐Peeping Technology Based on Dual Cell and Special Customized Glasses
Authors: Li Bowen , Wang Linlin , Wang Feifei , Chen Xi , Zhan Hongming , Wang Kaixuan , Ma Xinli
Published: June 2022

The need to work with private and sensitive information in public environments continues to expand among users. Herein, we introduced an all‐angle anti‐peeping device with dual cell and specific glasses. Users can only receive 127 gray level when looking at the device with naked eye, regardless of the display information. And users are capable of receive the display information wearing special customized glasses.
P‐112: A Super Excellent Image Quality LCD Display Technology
Authors: Huang Jianhua , Qu Yingying , Chen Dongchuan , Liao Yanping , Lee Seungmin , Shao Xibin , Bo Lingdan , Dong Ting , Tian Xiaohan
Published: June 2022

Based on the liquid crystal display technology, by studying the polarizer compensation function, color film and backlight matching, liquid crystal materials and process improvement, this paper realizes the functions of excellent image quality and fast response, including wide viewing angle, high contrast, high color gamut, so as to make the liquid crystal display benchmark and catch up with and surpass the OLED products.
P‐115: Student Poster: Super‐Fast Optically Rewritable Liquid‐Crystal Display Enabled by MoS2‐Doped PI Bumpy Alignment Layer
Authors: Gao Shining , Liu Yang , Seo Dae-Shik
Published: June 2022

A super‐fast optically rewritable liquid crystal display (ORLCD) has been developed using a MoS2 nano‐flakes doped polyimide (PI) hybrid thin layer in this paper. The MoS2 hybrid thin layer was prepared by directly doped MoS2 nano‐flakes in PI solution, and is of high transparency over 85% in the visible range of 480 to 780 nm including a substrate. Liquid crystals (LCs) were antiparallelly aligned between rubbed MoS2 hybrid thin layer and optically oriented SD1 thin layer, and subsequently were realigned by polarized blue laser irritation in multi‐domains. The realignment of LCs generates visible optical changes under polarized optical microscope (POM) and makes the written information readable. The rewriting time in which LCs are optically switched to achieve the highest contrast was also found remarkably reduced by MoS2 nano‐flakes. In specific, by using a 1% MoS2 nano‐flakes doped PI hybrid thin layer, the rewriting time has been reduced to 37.36s, which is about 46.41% decrease compared with pure PI cell. The accelerated rewriting time here is believed mainly caused by strengthened anchoring of LCs on bumpy hybrid thin layer due to MoS2 nano‐flakes agglomeration, which super‐fast actualizes the high optical contrast in domains. These findings will significantly contribute to a wide range of research and applications of ORLCD.
P‐124: Student Poster: Multiple‐Resonance‐Type Blue Fluorescent OLEDs with High Efficiency of Over 25% and Long Device Lifetime of Over 500 H
Authors: Park Jinho , Lim Junseop , Kim Ki ju , Kim Teakyung , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: June 2022

A deep blue boron based multiple resonance (MR) type material was synthesized and evaluated. A di‐tert‐butylphenyl substituent was introduced into the emitter to suppress the intermolecular interactions. A single electroluminescence device and a tandem device were fabricated with a fluorescent OLED using the characteristics of the MR‐type emitter with good color purity and high photoluminescence quantum yield. As a result, the single electroluminescence unit and tandem devices exhibited high maximum external quantum efficiency of 11.3% and 25.1%, and long device lifetime of 208 h and 500 h at 1,000 cd/m2, respectively.
P‐126: Magnetic Field Effects on Electroplex‐Based Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kim Ki Ju , Hong Seong Hwan , Lee Hakjun , Hwang Kyo Min , Park Bubae , Kim Young Kwan , Kim Taekyung
Published: June 2022

An electroplex is an excited state charge transfer complex formed between a donor molecule and an acceptor molecule upon electrical excitation. Since the spatial overlap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of electroplex is small likewise exciplex, the energy difference between the singlet and the triplet charge transfer (1CT and 3CT) states can be very small, which facilitate the conversion of triplet excitons into singlet excitons by the assistance of thermal energy and the emission as delayed fluorescence. However, in contrast to exciplex, the detailed analysis of the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) from 3CT to 1CT and the exciton‐related annihilation processes in electroplex OLEDs have been rarely reported. In this talk, the magnetic field effects (MFEs) on the electroplex host using 2,2'‐di(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐1,1'‐biphenyl (oCBP) and 9‐(4,6‐bis(3‐(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐9H‐carbazole (DSiCzTrz) were investigated. Temperature‐dependent MFE measurements revealed that RISC channel co‐exists with the intersystem crossing (ISC) channel and triplet‐polaron quenching process prevails in the electroplex EML. It was also found that 3CT excitons behave as charge scattering sites.
P‐128: Student Poster: Optimizing OLED Pixel Structures for Consistently Low Ambient Light Reflection over Viewing Angles
Authors: Chang Chi-Jui , Lu Chen-Han , Lee Wei-Kai , Lin Kai-Chen , Teng Chih-Kai , Ma Mei-sheng , Cheng Ching-Sheng , Shih Li-Wei , Wu Chung-Chih
Published: June 2022

Achieving low ambient light reflection is essential for OLED displays. However, inevitable surface undulation associated with pixel structures naturally induces scattering reflection over larger viewing angles, even with circular polarizers. This work reports optimized designs of OLED pixel structures for minimizing such scattering reflection and for achieving consistently low ambient light reflection over angles and enhanced viewing experiences.
P‐129: Estimating Non‐radiative Decay Rates in TADF Emitters Using Steady‐State and Transient Optical Data
Authors: Sem Stefano , Jenatsch Sandra , Stavrou Kleitos , Danos Andrew , Monkman Andy P. , Ruhstaller Beat
Published: June 2022

In this study we describe a new method to determine non‐radiative decay rates in TADF emitters using transient and steady‐state optical measurements. A global fitting algorithm is designed and applied to estimate the entire set of decay rates involved in typical TADF emitters.
P‐133: Enhancement of Light‐Emitting Efficiency Through Impurity Controls by Using Prep‐NMR Technique
Authors: Baek Jeong-suk , Lee Eui-hyun , Lee Chang-woo
Published: June 2022

An electroluminescence (EL) material plays a key role in electrical and optical efficiency of an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display. High purity, over 99.9%, EL materials have been required to be deposited onto OLED panel, producing a long‐life time device. Even less than 0.1% of impurities are deposited on the panel, which can drop their efficiency and lifetimes very seriously. In this work, we have developed faster and more accurate evaluation methods to identify unknown impurities in emitting materials. We can separate each other by using semi‐prep liquid chromatography and define their chemical structures by combining mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance results. The impurities in the in the manufacturing process were identified, which causes the efficiency drop, down to 8%. We find out these were coming from other EL materials in the process by accident. Finally, we can guarantee highquality assurance of our panels and eliminate potential risk factors in the manufacturing process.
Bayesian nonparametric inference for the overlap coefficient: With an application to disease diagnosis
Authors: Inácio Vanda , Garrido Guillén Javier E.
Published: June 2022

Diagnostic tests play an important role in medical research and clinical practice. The ultimate goal of a diagnostic test is to distinguish between diseased and nondiseased individuals and before a test is routinely used in practice, it is a pivotal requirement that its ability to discriminate between these two states is thoroughly assessed. The overlap coefficient, which is defined as the proportion of overlap area between two probability density functions, has gained popularity as a summary measure of diagnostic accuracy. We propose two Bayesian nonparametric estimators, based on Dirichlet process mixtures, for estimating the overlap coefficient. We further introduce the covariate‐specific overlap coefficient and develop a Bayesian nonparametric approach based on Dirichlet process mixtures of additive normal models for estimating it. A simulation study is conducted to assess the empirical performance of our proposed estimators. Two illustrations are provided: one concerned with the search for biomarkers of ovarian cancer and another one aimed to assess the age‐specific accuracy of glucose as a biomarker of diabetes.
Insights into the Strain Rate on Microstructure Evolution of Carbide‐Free Bainitic Steel
Authors: Zhou Songbo , Zhou Wen , Liao Weijie , Hu Chengyang , Hu Feng , Wang Kun , Dong Hangyu , Wu Kaiming
Published: June 2022

The microstructural transformation behavior of carbide‐free bainitic steel at different strain rates is investigated using a combination of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction. The results demonstrate that the stress–strain relationship of the steel exhibits a dependence on the strain rate, with the tensile strength increasing from 1441 MPa at a strain of 0.1 s−1 to 1537 MPa at 500 s−1, with the elongation of the sample increasing from 16.0% to 22.0% under these conditions. The increase in the strain rate raises the degree of local deformation with blocky martensite/retained austenite, exhibiting that different degrees of fragmentation and bainitic ferrite laths are observed to undergo torsional deformation. Through continuous dislocation absorption, the dislocation walls and dislocation tangles gradually develop into low‐angle subgrain boundaries, primarily located in regions with high kernel average misorientation values. After deformation at a strain rate of 0.1 s−1, the sample exhibits a Brass texture and demonstrates a combination of both Brass + Goss textures at a strain rate of 500 s−1.
Effects of bis (2‐butoxyethyl) phthalate on adrenocortical function in male rats in puberty partially via down‐regulating NR5A1/NR4A1/NR4A2 pathways
Authors: Liu Miaoqing , Chen Haiqiong , Dai Haipeng , Wang Yiyan , Li Jingjing , Tian Fuhong , Li Zhongrong , Ge Ren‐Shan
Published: June 2022

Phthalates may interfere with the biosynthesis of steroid hormones in the adrenal cortex. Bis (2‐butoxyethyl) phthalate (BBOP) is a phthalate containing oxygen atoms in the alcohol moiety. In this study, 35‐day‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats were daily gavaged with BBOP (0, 10, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days. BBOP did not affect the weight of body and adrenal glands. BBOP significantly reduced serum corticosterone levels at 250 and 500 mg/kg, and lowered aldosterone level at 500 mg/kg without affecting adrenocorticotropic hormone. BBOP did not alter the thickness of the adrenal cortex. BBOP significantly down‐regulated the expression of steroidogenesis‐related genes (Scarb1, Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp21, Cyp11b1, Cyp11b2, Nr5a1, Nr4a1, and Nr4a2) and proteins, and antioxidant enzymes (Sod1, Sod2, Gpx1, and Cat) and their proteins, while up‐regulating the expression of Mc2r and Agtr1a at various doses. BBOP reduced the phosphorylation of AKT1, AKT2, and ERK1/2, as well as the levels of SIRT1 and PGC1α without affecting the phosphorylation of AMPK. BBOP significantly induced the production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis rate in H295R cells at 100 μM and higher after 24 h of treatment. In conclusion, male rats exposed to BBOP in puberty have significant reduction of steroid biosynthesis with a potential mechanism that is involved in the decrease in the phosphorylation of AKT1, AKT2, ERK1/2, as well as SIRT1 and PGC1α and increase in ROS.
Tracing lateral subsurface flow in layered soils by undisturbed monolith sampling, targeted laboratory experiments, and model‐based analysis
Authors: Ehrhardt Annelie , Berger Kristian , Filipović Vilim , Wöhling Thomas , Vogel Hans‐Jörg , Gerke Horst H.
Published: June 2022

Lateral subsurface flow (LSF) is a phenomenon frequently occurring in the field induced by local water saturation along horizon boundaries under nonequilibrium conditions. However, observations of LSF in undisturbed soils under controlled irrigation in the laboratory are limited but needed for model improvement, prediction, and quantification of LSF. We present a method for extracting an undisturbed soil monolith along a soil horizon boundary and introduce an experimental setup for the measurement of LSF and an irrigation device for simulating rainfall. An experimental test run was simulated using HYDRUS 2D. Water infiltrating into the monolith and flowing either laterally along the horizon boundary or vertically through the bottom horizon could be separately captured by suction discs at the side and the bottom. Thus, a clear distinction between lateral and vertical flow was possible. Pressure heads and water contents were recorded by tensiometers and frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) sensors distributed across the monolith in a regular two‐dimensional, vertical, cross‐sectional pattern. Sensor readings indicated the presence of nonequilibrium conditions within the monolith. Modeling results could reproduce the lateral and vertical outflow of the monolith under constant irrigation, thus showing that water flow within the monolith under steady‐state conditions can be explained by the Richards equation and the van Genuchten–Mualem model. The presented method can be used to improve and verify models designed for the prediction of the onset of LSF including that induced by local nonequilibrium conditions.
Removal of phosphorus using biochar derived from Fenton sludge: Mechanism and performance insights
Authors: Liu Yanfang , Gao Wei , Liu Rui , Zhang Wenjing , Niu Jianrui , Lou Xiaoyue , Li Gong , Liu Haoyun , Li Zaixing
Published: June 2022

A phosphorus removal biochar adsorbent was prepared from Fenton sludge. The adsorption process was optimized, and its phosphorus adsorption mechanism was discussed. It was found that the phosphorus adsorption performance of biochar prepared from single Fenton sludge (FBC‐400) was better than that of co‐pyrolysis of Fenton sludge and bamboo powder. The optimum condition was that Fenton sludge pyrolyzed at 400°C (FBC‐400). FBC‐400 had a larger specific surface area than that prepared by co‐pyrolysis with bamboo powder. And the high content of iron element could provide a higher surface charge of the biochar, thereby increasing the electrostatic adsorption of phosphorus onto FBC‐400. The phosphorus adsorption was highly pH dependent by FBC‐400, which can enhance electrostatic adsorption and increase adsorption capacity in acidic conditions. The effect of coexisting anion on adsorption performance was mainly affected by CO32−, reducing the adsorption capacity by at least 49%, whereas other anions had no obvious interference. The adsorption process of FBC‐400 accorded with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and the Langmuir model, which indicated that the adsorption process was monolayer adsorption and mainly chemical adsorption, and the maximum saturated phosphorus adsorption capacity was 8.77 mg g−1. The mechanisms for phosphorus adsorption were electrostatic adsorption and inner‐sphere complexing. 1 M NaOH was used for desorption, and the adsorption capacity remained at 81% in the fifth cycle.

Practitioner Points

The Fenton sludge biochar usage as an adsorbent could be a win‐win strategy to convert waste biomass to valuable ‐ product.

The adsorption process accorded with the Langmuir model, the maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity was 8.77 mg/g at 25°C.

The adsorption mechanisms were electrostatic adsorption and inner‐sphere complexing.

1M NaOH was used for desorption, and the adsorption capacity remained at 81% in the fifth cycle.
Heritage Requires Citizens’ Knowledge: The COST Place-Making Action and Responsible Research
Authors: Oevermann Heike , Erek Ayse , Hein Carola , Horan Conor , Krasznahorkai Kata , Lange Ida Sofie Gøtzsche , Manahasa Edmond , Martin Marijke , Menezes Marluci , Nikšič Matej , Polko Paulina , Székely Juli , Tappert Simone , Tuominen Pekka
Published: June 2022

This chapter reflects on responsible science with an eye toward concrete research practice. To this end, we briefly introduce the RRI paradigm (Responsible Research and Innovation) and then highlight seven EU research projects in the context of a transnational COST Action project. This COST Action will investigate how placemaking activities, like public art, civil urban design, and local knowledge production, reshape and reinvent public space, and improve citizens’ involvement in urban planning and urban design, especially in the context of heritage sites. The chapter introduces heritage case studies that either contrast, differentiate, and add to existing knowledge and practices in placemaking through specific initiatives, or enable the establishment of common ground within a wider constellation of societal actors and both, as we see, contribute in different ways to responsible research. We analyze how the four criteria of RRI, namely anticipation, reflexivity, inclusion, and responsiveness are considered and implemented, and the extent to which digital tools are supportive. Obviously, coproduction of knowledge is not sufficient when we call for responsible science in the narrow sense, hence the development of common ground also appears necessary.
Responsibility in Science: The Philosophical View
Authors: Lenk Hans
Published: June 2022

Terms of responsibility are relational attributes, i.e., attribution terms. They are to be understood as linguistically, socially, and situationally embedded concepts conventionalized by rules and have to be analyzed accordingly. A structural theory of responsibility, and more differentiated forms and types of responsibility such as relational attribution-based concepts, will be developed schematically in order to do justice to the variety of different uses of the concepts of responsibility, e.g., causal and action responsibility, role responsibility, but also social and (universal) moral and legal responsibility. In this chapter, I apply the general considerations of responsibility to analyze responsibility in science. The responsibility of the researcher in science and technology is a special case of role-specific and moral responsibility in a strategic position. Points to be discussed include known means of implementing responsibility in science, including codes of conduct, ethics committees, a scientific ethos, and the Hippocratic Oath for scientists. The chapter concludes with fifteen theses on responsibility in science. The key principle should be “concrete humanity”: Practical and concrete humanity should always be a central guiding principle (in dubio pro humanitate practica).
Between Parrhesia and Fake: Scientific Responsibility Today
Authors: Zimmermann Rainer E.
Published: June 2022

While the public discourse has recently been increasingly burdened by the dissemination of fake news and alternative facts, the scientific community is now also threatened by such influences. This must be confronted and countered decisively: Scientific discourse thrives on free speech, which is both the right and duty of serious scientists, and individual imagination is also essential. This does not mean, however, that anything can be disseminated at will, but imagination in a scientific context always means exact imagination, i.e., one that has to submit to the strict conditions of consistency while remaining connectable to the knowledge acquired so far.
Black holes with spindles at the horizon
Authors: Giri Suvendu
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We construct AdS4 × Σ and AdS2 × Σ × $$ {\Sigma}_{\mathfrak{g}} $$

Σ
g

solutions in F(4) gauged supergravity in six dimensions, where Σ is a two dimensional manifold of non-constant curvature with conical singularities at its two poles, called a spindle, and $$ {\Sigma}_{\mathfrak{g}} $$

Σ
g

is a constant curvature Riemann surface of genus $$ \mathfrak{g} $$
g
. We find that the first solution realizes a “topologically topological twist”, while the second class of solutions gives rise to an “anti twist”. We compute the holographic free energy of the AdS4 × Σ solution and find that it matches the entropy computed by extremizing an entropy functional that is constructed by gluing gravitational blocks. For the AdS2 × Σ × $$ {\Sigma}_{\mathfrak{g}} $$

Σ
g

solution, we find that the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is reproduced by extremizing an appropriately defined entropy functional, which leads us to conjecture that this solution is dual to a three dimensional SCFT on a spindle. A class of the AdS2 × Σ × $$ {\Sigma}_{\mathfrak{g}} $$

Σ
g

solutions can be embedded in four dimensional T3 gauged supergravity, which is a subtruncation of the six dimensional theory.
Low radioactive material screening and background control for the PandaX-4T experiment
Authors:   The PandaX-4T collaboration, Qian Zhicheng , Si Lin , Abdukerim Abdusalam , Bo Zihao , Chen Wei , Chen Xun , Chen Yunhua , Cheng Chen , Cheng Yunshan , Cui Xiangyi , Fan Yingjie , Fang Deqing , Fu Changbo , Fu Mengting , Geng Lisheng , Giboni Karl , Gu Linhui , Guo Xuyuan , Han Ke , He Changda , He Jinrong , Huang Di , Huang Yanlin , Huang Zhou , Hou Ruquan , Ji Xiangdong , Ju Yonglin , Li Chenxiang , Li Mingchuan , Li Shu , Li Shuaijie , Lin Qing , Liu Jianglai , Lu Xiaoying , Luo Lingyin , Ma Wenbo , Ma Yugang , Mao Yajun , Meng Yue , Ning Xuyang , Qi Ningchun , Ren Xiangxiang , Shaheed Nasir , Shang Changsong , Shen Guofang , Sun Wenliang , Tan Andi , Tao Yi , Wang Anqing , Wang Meng , Wang Qiuhong , Wang Shaobo , Wang Siguang , Wang Wei , Wang Xiuli , Wang Zhou , Wu Mengmeng , Wu Weihao , Xia Jingkai , Xiao Mengjiao , Xiao Xiang , Xie Pengwei , Yan Binbin , Yan Xiyu , Yang Jijun , Yang Yong , Yu Chunxu , Yuan Jumin , Yuan Ying , Zhang Dan , Zhang Minzhen , Zhang Peng , Zhang Tao , Zhao Li , Zheng Qibin , Zhou Jifang , Zhou Ning , Zhou Xiaopeng , Zhou Yong
Published: June 2022

Abstract

PandaX-4T is a ton-scale dark matter direct detection experiment using a dual-phase TPC technique at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. Various ultra-low background technologies have been developed and applied to material screening for PandaX-4T, including HPGe gamma spectroscopy, ICP-MS, NAA, radon emanation measurement system, krypton assay station, and alpha detection system. Low background materials were selected to assemble the detector. Surface treatment procedures were investigated to further suppress radioactive background. Combining measured results and Monte Carlo simulation, the total material background rates of PandaX-4T in the energy region of 1–25 keVee are estimated to be (9.9 ± 1.9) × 10−3 mDRU for electron recoil and (2.8 ± 0.6) × 10−4 mDRU for nuclear recoil. In addition, natKr in the detector is estimated to be < 8 ppt.
Parton distribution function uncertainties in theoretical predictions for far-forward tau neutrinos at the Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Bai Weidong , Diwan Milind , Garzelli Maria Vittoria , Jeong Yu Seon , Kumar Karan , Reno Mary Hall
Published: June 2022

Abstract

New experiments dealing with neutrinos in the far-forward region at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are under design or already in preparation. Two of them, FASERν and SND@LHC, are expected to be active during Run 3 and have the potential to detect the interactions of ν and $$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

that come from high-energy collisions in one of the LHC interaction points, extracted along the direction tangent to the beam line. Tau neutrinos and antineutrinos come predominantly from $$ {D}_s^{\pm } $$

D
s
±

production in pp collisions, followed by the leptonic decay of these mesons. Neutrino pseudorapidities in the range of η > 6.9 and η > 8.9 are relevant to these future experiments. At such pseudorapidities at high energies, QCD theoretical predictions for the flux of ντ plus $$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

τ rely on parton distribution functions (PDFs) in a combination of very small and large parton−x values. We evaluate PDF un certainties affecting the flux of ντ + $$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

τ produced by $$ {D}_s^{\pm } $$

D
s
±

decay in the far forward region at the LHC. Next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD uncertainties are included in the calculation of $$ {D}_s^{\pm } $$

D
s
±

production and NLO PDF sets are used for consistency. The theoretical uncertainty associated with the 40 PDF sets of the PROSA19 group amounts to ±(20 − 30)% for the (ντ + $$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

τ) number of charged-current (CC) events. Scale uncertainties are much larger, resulting in a range of CC event predictions from ~70% lower to ~90% higher than the central prediction. A comparison of the predictions with those obtained using as input the central PDFs from the 3-flavour NLO PDF sets of the CT14, ABMP16 and NNPDF3.1 collaborations show that far-forward neutrino energy distributions vary by as much as a factor of ~2 – 4 relative to the PROSA19 predictions at TeV neutrino energies. The Forward Physics Facility in the high luminosity LHC era will provide data capable of constraining NLO QCD evaluations with these PDF sets.
Holographic supersolids
Authors: Baggioli Matteo , Frangi Giorgio
Published: June 2022

Abstract

A supersolid is a system that presents long-range order and shear rigidity as a solid but which also supports a non-dissipative superflow as a superfluid. From an effective perspective, supersolids are identified with phases of matter that break spontaneously translational invariance together with a global U(1) symmetry. By using this symmetry prescription, we build a holographic bottom-up model for supersolids and we start the investigation of its thermodynamic and mechanical properties. More precisely, we analyze the behaviour of the critical temperature, the condensate, the shear modulus and the viscosity across all the phase diagram. Finally, we successfully compare our results with a simple Ginzburg-Landau model for supersolids deriving some universal physical correlations between the observables mentioned above.
Post-traumatic growth in polytraumatized patients after 20+ years: a long-term follow-up study of 337 patients treated at a level 1 trauma center
Authors: Kalbas Yannik , Halvachizadeh Sascha , Kumabe Yohei , Luidl Anna Theresa , Steel Jennifer Lynne , Zelle Boris A. , Cinelli Paolo , Pape Hans-Christoph , Pfeifer Roman
Published: June 2022

Purpose

There is limited research on the long-term psychiatric outcomes of polytraumatized patients. Existing studies focus mainly on the negative sequelae. Post-traumatic growth (PTG) describes positive personal development after severe physical or mental distress. In this study, we investigated post-traumatic growth in polytraumatized patients at least 20 years after trauma.

Methods

Patients treated for polytrauma at a German level 1 trauma center between 1971 and 1990, were contacted 20+ years later. A questionnaire with 37 questions from the stress-related growth scale (SRGS) and the post-traumatic growth inventory (PGI) was administered. PTG was quantified in five specific areas. PTG and patient demographics were then analyzed using logistic regression.

Results

Eligible questionnaires were returned by 337 patients. 96.5% of patients reported improvements regarding at least one of the 37 questions. Approximately, a third of patients noticed distinct improvements regarding their relationship to others (29.2%), appreciation of life (36.2%) and attitudes towards new possibilities (32.5%). Patient demographics were significant predictors for the development of PTG: Older (p < 0.001), female (p = 0.042) and married patients (p = 0.047) showed a greater expression of PTG. We also saw significantly more PTG in patients with higher injury severity (p = 0.033).

Conclusion

20 years after polytrauma, patients report improvements in their relationship with others, appreciation of life and attitude towards new possibilities. Women and married patients show higher expression of PTG. Furthermore, there is higher expression of PTG with higher age and injury severity. Post-traumatic growth should be identified and fostered in clinical practice.

Level of evidence

III—prospective long-term follow-up study.
Preoperative pelvic MRI and 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT for lymph node staging and prognostication in endometrial cancer—time to revisit current imaging guidelines?
Authors: Fasmer Kristine E. , Gulati Ankush , Dybvik Julie A. , Wagner-Larsen Kari S. , Lura Njål , Salvesen Øyvind , Forsse David , Trovik Jone , Pijnenborg Johanna M. A. , Krakstad Camilla , Haldorsen Ingfrid S.
Published: June 2022

Objective

This study presents the diagnostic performance of four different preoperative imaging workups (IWs) for prediction of lymph node metastases (LNMs) in endometrial cancer (EC): pelvic MRI alone (IW1), MRI and [18F]FDG-PET/CT in all patients (IW2), MRI with selective [18F]FDG-PET/CT if high-risk preoperative histology (IW3), and MRI with selective [18F]FDG-PET/CT if MRI indicates FIGO stage ≥ 1B (IW4).

Methods

In 361 EC patients, preoperative staging parameters from both pelvic MRI and [18F]FDG-PET/CT were recorded. Area under receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC AUC) compared the diagnostic performance for the different imaging parameters and workups for predicting surgicopathological FIGO stage. Survival data were assessed using Kaplan-Meier estimator with log-rank test.

Results

MRI and [18F]FDG-PET/CT staging parameters yielded similar AUCs for predicting corresponding FIGO staging parameters in low-risk versus high-risk histology groups (p ≥ 0.16). The sensitivities, specificities, and AUCs for LNM prediction were as follows: IW1—33% [9/27], 95% [185/193], and 0.64; IW2—56% [15/27], 90% [174/193], and 0.73 (p = 0.04 vs. IW1); IW3—44% [12/27], 94% [181/193], and 0.69 (p = 0.13 vs. IW1); and IW4—52% [14/27], 91% [176/193], and 0.72 (p = 0.06 vs. IW1). IW3 and IW4 selected 34% [121/361] and 54% [194/361] to [18F]FDG-PET/CT, respectively. Employing IW4 identified three distinct patient risk groups that exhibited increasing FIGO stage (p < 0.001) and stepwise reductions in survival (p ≤ 0.002).

Conclusion

Selective [18F]FDG-PET/CT in patients with high-risk MRI findings yields better detection of LNM than MRI alone, and similar diagnostic performance to that of MRI and [18F]FDG-PET/CT in all.

Key Points

• Imaging by MRI and [18F]FDG PET/CT yields similar diagnostic performance in low- and high-risk histology groups for predicting central FIGO staging parameters.

• Utilizing a stepwise imaging workup with MRI in all patients and [18F]FDG-PET/CT in selected patients based on MRI findings identifies preoperative risk groups exhibiting significantly different survival.

• The proposed imaging workup selecting ~54% of the patients to [18F]FDG-PET/CT yield better detection of LNMs than MRI alone, and similar LNM detection to that of MRI and [18F]FDG-PET/CT in all.
Long-term safety of withholding standard prophylaxis in patients with moderate chronic kidney disease
Authors: Nijssen E. C. , Nelemans P. J. , Rennenberg R. J. , van Ommen G. V. , Wildberger J. E.
Published: June 2022

In the latest ESUR contrast media guidelines, standard prophylaxis is no longer recommended for patients with moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD). In the absence of solid evidence, guideline updates are often based on indirect evidence and expert opinion. Likewise, evidence supporting the withdrawal of standard prophylaxis in moderate CKD patients was scarce and mostly indirect, but did include one randomised controlled trial evaluating guideline-recommended standard prophylactic intravenous hydration against a group receiving no prophylaxis (A MAastricht Contrast-Induced Nephropathy Guideline (AMACING) trial). Since then, benefits of the updated guideline recommendation for patient and hospital burden have been numerated and were shown to be substantial. The current special report provides data on long-term safety from the AMACING randomised controlled trial.

Key Points

• In the latest version of ESUR clinical practice guidelines for safe use of contrast media, standard prophylaxis is no longer recommended for patients with moderate chronic kidney disease.

• Benefits of this change in recommendations for patient and hospital burden have been numerated. The current report provides data on long-term safety from the AMACING randomised controlled trial.

• No disadvantage of withholding prophylaxis could be discerned. Results suggest that, in this population, underlying disease is more relevant for survival and prognosis than contrast administration itself.