bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erfahrungsgeleitetes Lernen in Virtual Reality-Umgebungen: Möglichkeiten der digital gestützten Kompetenzentwicklung im Arbeitsprozess
Authors: Heinlein Michael , Huchler Norbert , Wittal Regina
Published: December 2023

Der folgende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie VR-Szenarien zur Kompetenzentwicklung im Arbeitsprozess gestaltet werden können, um ihre Praxistauglichkeit zu erhöhen. Dazu wird das von den Autor*innen entwickelte Verfahren der erfahrungsgeleiteten Gestaltung von VR-Umgebungen zur arbeitsintegrierten Kompetenzentwicklung vorgestellt und am Beispiel der Entwicklung einer VR-Simulation von Montage- und Instandhaltungsprozessen bei Krananlagen veranschaulicht. Indem die herausfordernde Arbeitspraxis von Servicetechniker*innen für die Konstrukteur*innen dieser Anlagen sicht- und erfahrbar gemacht wird, wird die Konstruktionsseite in die Lage versetzt, Montage- und Wartungskontexte besser zu antizipieren, Kransysteme vorausschauend zu gestalten und die Arbeit des Services zu erleichtern und zu verbessern.
Digitale Unterstützung des Lerntransfers und der Wissensweitergabe in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen: Beurteilung des LeWiT-Tools durch Nutzende, Führungskräfte, Personaler*innen und Trainer*innen
Authors: Rothenbusch Sandra , Mehner Laura , Kauffeld Simone
Published: December 2023

Unternehmen entsenden ihre Mitarbeitenden zu Weiterbildungen in der Hoffnung, dass sie Relevantes für ihren Arbeitskontext mitbringen. Um sie bei der Wissensanwendung und -weitergabe zu unterstützen, wurde das LeWiT-Tool (Lern- und Wissenstransfer-Tool) entwickelt. Es begleitet den Prozess des Lerntransfers und der Wissensweitergabe durch Fragen zur Reflexion förderlicher und hinderlicher Faktoren sowie durch das Setzen konkreter Handlungsziele. Führungskräfte erhalten einen Ergebnisbericht, der den Austausch über die Wissensanwendung und -weitergabe bereichern kann. Mittels einer experimentellen Vignettenstudie mit 201 potenziellen Stakeholdern wurde die Attraktivität des LeWiT-Tools untersucht. Die Teilnehmenden erhielten randomisiert eine von zwei Videovignetten zur Vorstellung des digitalen Tools – einmal mit und einmal ohne Information über die Berichterstattung an Führungskräfte. Unabhängig von der Vignettenversion wurde das LeWiT-Tool durchschnittlich positiv bewertet. Die meisten Teilnehmenden bestätigten den intendierten Nutzen des Tools. Einige äußerten jedoch Befürchtungen. Die Mehrheit präferiert eine Berichterstattung an Führungskräfte, jedoch häufig weniger aus Gründen der Unterstützung, sondern eher zur Information der Führungskräfte und Beurteilung der Mitarbeitenden und Weiterbildungen. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen werden Handlungshinweise zur digitalen Unterstützung der Wissensanwendung und -weitergabe in Unternehmen präsentiert.
Entwicklung von Selbstorganisationskompetenzen in der Industrie 4.0
Authors: Häring Karin , Grandpierre Axel , Mynarek Felix
Published: December 2023

Wie bewältigen die Mitarbeitenden auf der Shopfloor-Ebene steigende Anforderungen an Selbstorganisation und Maschinenkoordination? Für die Bereiche Montage, Instandhaltung und Intralogistik lassen die Forschungsergebnisse drei zentrale Kompetenzbedarfe erkennen: Lernbereitschaft, Offenheit für Veränderungen und Ergebnisorientiertes Handeln. Tätigkeitsspezifisch kommen bei Intralogistik Selbstmanagement und Problemlösungsfähigkeit hinzu, in der Montage die Kompetenzanforderungen Teamfähigkeit, Organisationsfähigkeit und ebenfalls Problemlösungsfähigkeit sowie in der Instandhaltung Teamfähigkeit und Organisationsfähigkeit. Neben diesen Kompetenzanforderungen spielen aber auch ein umsichtiger Einsatz und eine zielgruppenspezifische Einweisung in die digitalen Assistenzsysteme sowie Rahmenbedingungen, wie Organisationsstruktur, Arbeitsprozesse, Organisationskultur und Führung, eine fördernde oder hemmende Rolle für die Entwicklung von Selbstorganisationskompetenzen in der Industrie 4.0.
Ein Modell zur Beteiligungsqualifizierung in der Pflege
Authors: Fuchs-Frohnhofen Paul , Palm Gerd , Tomak Kristina , Esser Nora
Published: December 2023

In diesem Beitrag wird ein Modell zur Beteiligungsqualifizierung in der Pflege erläutert, mit dem die Kompetenz von Pflegekräften gefördert wird, sich an Technikgestaltungsmaßnahmen zu beteiligen. Denn Projekte zur Technikentwicklung und Technikeinführung kommen in wachsender Zahl auf die Pflege zu. Oft fehlen den beruflich Pflegenden aber die qualifikatorischen Voraussetzungen, sich aktiv an diesen Projekten zu beteiligen. So wird vielfach eine neue Technologie ohne aktive Mitwirkung der Pflegefachkräfte entwickelt oder in Pflegeeinrichtungen eingeführt – mit z. T. negativen Nutzungsfolgen. Die in diesem Beitrag dargestellten Schulungen zur Beteiligungsqualifizierung verbessern die Kompetenz der Pflegefachkräfte, an den entsprechenden Entwicklungs- und Einführungsprozessen kompetent mitzuwirken und die Gestaltung der neuen Technologien zu Arbeitsunterstützungsinstrumenten mit zu beeinflussen. Durch die Beteiligungsqualifizierung werden Kenntnisse zu Partizipations- und Problemlösungsprozessen konzeptionell, aber auch in der praktischen Umsetzung vertieft.
Integrale Betrachtung agiler Innovationsmethoden für den Kompetenzaufbau
Authors: Abbenhaus Ann-Christin , Enzler Stefan , Fackler-Stamm Rasmus , Gnann Felix , Kho Niklas , Luger Monika
Published: December 2023

Im Forschungsprojekt InnoDiZ (Selbstorganisiertes Innovationsmanagement im digitalen Zeitalter) wurden agile Innovationsmethoden in KMU eingesetzt und erprobt. Unter der Annahme, dass agile Methoden in KMU keine Selbstläufer sind, war es wichtig, mit einem möglichst ganzheitlichen Blick auf die Rahmenbedingungen der KMU zu schauen. Aus diesem Grund hat imu die Integrale Landkarte als Orientierungs- und Entwicklungstool eingesetzt. Sie kann die Einordnung und Entwicklung der Innovationskompetenz aus personaler und organisationaler Perspektive unterstützen. Dieser Beitrag fokussiert die Kompetenz, in der eigenen Organisation agile Innovationsmethoden aktiv einzusetzen, dabei die speziellen Anforderungen des Mittelstands mit einzubeziehen und gleichzeitig zu betrachten, welche Kompetenzen sich gerade über den Einsatz agiler Methoden entwickeln können. Es wird auch beachtet, ob diese Methoden über die Innovationsprojekte hinweg positiv auf die Haltung und das Verhalten der Mitarbeitenden, aber darüber hinaus auch auf die Kultur sowie Produkte und Dienstleistungen der Organisation wirken können. Im Beitrag wird die im Rahmen von InnoDiZ entwickelte Weiterbildung „Innovationsmanagement in KMU“ mit Fokus auf den integralen Kompetenzaufbau sowie die agile Methode „Design Sprint“ anhand eines Beispielprojektes vorgestellt. Im Anschluss erfolgt eine Einordnung, wie sich über agiles Arbeiten, Kompetenzen wie Eigenverantwortung, Entscheidungsfähigkeit, Kommunikations- und Kooperationsfähigkeit, sowie Innovationsfreudigkeit und Experimentierfreude ausbilden können. Im Besonderen wird auf die „inneren“ Kompetenzen (z. B. Eigenverantwortung und Entscheidungsfähigkeit) der Integralen Landkarte eingegangen. Fazit und Implikationen für die Praxis geben einen Einblick in die Erfahrungen von imu und den in InnoDiZ beteiligten KMU in Bezug auf den Nutzen der Integralen Landkarte und den Möglichkeiten des Kompetenzaufbaus über den Einsatz agiler Methoden. Abschließend wird anhand der Integralen Landkarte aus Sicht der Anwendenden dargestellt, wie agiles Arbeiten auf Unternehmenskultur, strategische Ausrichtung, personale Kompetenzen und Mindset wirken kann.
Kompetenzen für das Innovationsmanagement. Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen aus KMU
Authors: Weber Sabrina , Reischl Annika , Fischer Stephan , Lang-Koetz Claus
Published: December 2023

Kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) stehen im Management von Innovationen z. B. aufgrund fehlender personeller und finanzieller Ressourcen gegenüber Großunternehmen vor besonderen Herausforderungen. Innovationsaktivitäten werden von Mitarbeitenden meist zusätzlich zum Tagesgeschäft ausgeführt und fachlich-methodische Kompetenzen liegen oft nur bei einzelnen Personen. Der vorliegende Beitrag berichtet Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen aus dem Projekt InnoDiZ (Selbstorganisiertes Innovationsmanagement im Digitalen Zeitalter), in dem die Blended-Learning-Weiterbildung „Innovationsmanagement in KMU“ entwickelt und erprobt wurde. Im Verlauf der Weiterbildung wurden Methodensets entlang des Innovationsprozesses vorgestellt und mit den Teilnehmenden der Status Quo in ihren Unternehmen, der Einsatz der jeweiligen Methoden und der von den Teilnehmenden gesehene Handlungsbedarf diskutiert. Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass das arbeitsnahe Konzept der Blended-Learning-Weiterbildung gut unterstützen und Veränderungsprozesse für das Management von Innovationen in KMU anstoßen kann. Abschließend diskutiert der Beitrag förderliche und hinderliche Rahmenbedingungen für den Auf- und Ausbau von fachlich-methodischen Kompetenzen im Innovationsmanagement über eine digital unterstützte Weiterbildung und skizziert Implikationen für die Praxis in KMU.
Arbeiten und Lernen auf dem industriellen Shopfloor 4.0
Authors: Unger Helga , Gartzen Thomas , Schürings Oliver , Mühlbradt Thomas
Published: December 2023

Dieser Beitrag stellt Ergebnisse aus dem BMBF geförderten Projekt ESKODIA dar und bettet diese in die aktuelle Auseinandersetzung mit dem arbeitsnahen Lernen ein. Um gezielt Selbstorganisationskompetenzen auf dem Shopfloor auszubauen, braucht es eine proaktive und praxisnahe Personalentwicklung für die Beschäftigten in der Produktion. Das Konzept der „Lernförderlichen Arbeitsgestaltung“ (Dworschak et al., 2021) bietet dafür einen geeigneten Rahmen. In Verbindung mit aktuellen Trends in der Arbeitspädagogik wird dieses Konzept mit seinen Handlungsfeldern aufgezeigt. Auf dieser Basis wurde in ESKODIA ein CheckUp Lernförderlichkeit entwickelt, der Unternehmen einen Einstieg in die Auseinandersetzung mit der eigenen Qualifizierungspraxis auf dem Shopfloor ermöglicht. Ausgewählte Beispiele aus der Praxis zeigen konkrete Lösungsansätze auf. Die Autorin und Autoren wollen damit das Lernen auf dem industriellen Shopfloor, das bisher in den Diskussionen und Ansätzen um ein lebenslanges Lernen in der „Bildungscommunity“ eher ein Schattendasein geführt hat, in den Fokus der betrieblichen Bildungspraxis rücken. Unternehmen sollen angeregt werden, eigene Projekte zur lernförderlichen Arbeitsgestaltung zu starten.
Mechanical properties of human hepatic tissues to develop liver-mimicking phantoms for medical applications
Authors: Lemine Aicha S. , Ahmad Zubair , Al-Thani Noora J. , Hasan Anwarul , Bhadra Jolly
Published: December 2023

Using liver phantoms for mimicking human tissue in clinical training, disease diagnosis, and treatment planning is a common practice. The fabrication material of the liver phantom should exhibit mechanical properties similar to those of the real liver organ in the human body. This tissue-equivalent material is essential for qualitative and quantitative investigation of the liver mechanisms in producing nutrients, excretion of waste metabolites, and tissue deformity at mechanical stimulus. This paper reviews the mechanical properties of human hepatic tissues to develop liver-mimicking phantoms. These properties include viscosity, elasticity, acoustic impedance, sound speed, and attenuation. The advantages and disadvantages of the most common fabrication materials for developing liver tissue-mimicking phantoms are also highlighted. Such phantoms will give a better insight into the real tissue damage during the disease progression and preservation for transplantation. The liver tissue-mimicking phantom will raise the quality assurance of patient diagnostic and treatment precision and offer a definitive clinical trial data collection.
One-Year Medication Treatment Patterns, Healthcare Resource Utilization, and Expenditures for Medicaid Patients with Schizophrenia Starting Oral Atypical Antipsychotic Medication
Authors: Richards Kristin , Johnsrud Michael , Zacker Christopher , Sasané Rahul
Published: December 2023

Oral atypical antipsychotic (OAAP) medications are the most commonly prescribed treatment for the management of schizophrenia symptoms. This retrospective study, using Medicaid claims data (2016–2020), followed patients for 12 months after initiating OAAP therapy. Study outcomes included OAAP adherence, switching, augmentation, healthcare resource utilization (HRU), and expenditures. All-cause and schizophrenia-related HRU and expenditures were compared between adherent and nonadherent cohorts. Among 13,007 included patients (39.1 ± 12.8 years of age, 57.0% male, 36.1% Black, 31.8% White, 9.7% Hispanic), 25.7% were adherent to OAAPs (proportion of days covered [PDC] ≥ 0.8). During the 1-year follow-up period, Black individuals were in possession of an OAAP for an average of 166 days compared to 198 and 202 days for White and Hispanic patients, respectively. Approximately 16% of patients switched OAAP medications and 3.2% augmented therapy with an OAAP added to their index medication. Nearly 40% of patients were hospitalized during follow-up and 68.4% had emergency department (ED) visits. A greater proportion of nonadherent patients had all-cause inpatient (41.7% vs. 34.1%, p < 0.001) and ED visits (71.7% vs. 58.8%, p < 0.001) compared to adherent patients. Annual total healthcare expenditures were $21,020 per patient; $3481 higher for adherent versus nonadherent patients. Inpatient expenditures comprised 44.6% and 30.6% of total expenditures for nonadherent and adherent patients, respectively. Hospitalized patients’ total expenditures were $23,261 higher compared to those without a hospitalization. Adherence to OAAP medication is suboptimal and associated with increased utilization of costly hospital and ED resources. Efforts to improve therapies and increase medication adherence could improve clinical and economic outcomes among individuals with schizophrenia.
Decision support for detecting sensitive text in government records
Authors: Branting Karl , Brown Bradford , Giannella Chris , Guilder James Van , Harrold Jeff , Howell Sarah , Baron Jason R.
Published: December 2023

Freedom of information laws promote transparency by permitting individuals and organizations to obtain government documents. However, exemptions from disclosure are necessary to protect privacy and to permit government officials to deliberate freely. Deliberative language is often the most challenging and burdensome exemption to detect, leading to high processing costs and delays in responding to open-records requests. This paper describes a novel deliberative-language detection model trained on a new annotated training set. The deliberative-language detection model is a component of a decision-support system for open-records requests under the US Freedom of Information Act, the FOIA Assistant, that ingests documents responsive to an open-records requests, suggests passages likely to be subject to deliberative language, privacy, or other exemptions, and assists analysts in rapidly redacting suggested passages. The tool’s interface is based on extensive human-factors and usability studies with analysts and is currently in operational testing by multiple US federal agencies.
Ionic surfactants of different dipole moments as anti-solvent additives for air-processing MAPbI3−xClx perovskite thin films
Authors: Camacho-Cáceres Jaquelina , Millán-Franco Mario A. , Mejía-Vázquez Melvia Carinne , Arias-Ramos Carlos Fabián , Corpus-Mendoza Asiel N. , Rodríguez-Rivera Mario A. , Nicho María Elena , Sotelo-Lerma Mérida , Hu Hailin
Published: December 2023

Three ionic surfactants, didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDABr), sodium lauryl ether sulfate (NaLES) and sodium lauryl sulfate (NaLS), with different dipole moment values: 0.907, 17 and 212 Debye, respectively, have been used as anti-solvent additives to remove the moisture from perovskite precursor solutions. The three additives impact in different ways on the crystallinity, wettability and morphology of perovskite thin films, as well as on the stability and efficiency of air-processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The hydrophobic groups of the additives at the surface of perovskite thin films help to increase the stability of PSCs, especially DDABr of the lowest dipole moment. On the other hand, NaLES, of the highest dipole moment, is the most efficient to extract moisture from the perovskite precursor coatings, increasing the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of NaLES-based PSCs from 16.16 ± 0.94% to 17.21 ± 0.32% in comparison with that of the reference. Furthermore, the synergy between NaLES and the perovskite precursor additive, KI, achieves the best photovoltaic performance of the PSCs, leading to an average PCE of 17.42% and the best PCE of 18.75%. It is concluded that ionic surfactants of different dipole moments are good candidates as anti-solvent additives to improve the efficiency and stability of air-processed PSCs.
Polymorphisms and expressions of ADSL, MC4R and CAPN1 genes and their effects on economic traits in Egyptian chicken breeds
Authors: Aboelhassan Dalia M. , Darwish Hassan R. , Mansour Hayam , Abozaid Hesham , Ghaly Inas S. , Radwan Hasnaa A. , Hassan Eman R. , Farag Ibrahim M.
Published: December 2023

In recent years, strategic plans for poultry production have emphasized quantitative traits, particularly body weight and carcass traits (meat yield), in response to overpopulation challenges. Candidate genes such as adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R), and calpain 1 (CAPN1) have played vital roles in this context due to their associations with muscle growth and body composition. This study aims to investigate the influence of polymorphisms and gene expressions of the aforementioned genes on body weight (BW), growth rate (GR), breast weight (BrW), and thigh weight (TW) across four distinct chicken breeds: Fayoumi, Matrouh, Mamourah, and Leghorn. The use of PCR-SSCP analysis revealed genetic polymorphisms through the identification of various patterns (genotypes) within the three examined genes. The ADSL, MC4R, and CAPN1 genes exhibited five, three, and two different genotypes, respectively. These polymorphisms displayed promising connections with enhancing economically significant production traits, particularly BW, BrW and TW. Furthermore, gene expression analyses were conducted on breast and thigh tissues obtained from the chicken breeds at 60 days of age, where ADSL and MC4R exhibited a noteworthy up-regulation in Fayoumi and Matrouh breeds, and down-regulation in Mamourah and Leghorn. In contrast, CAPN1 expression decreased across most breeds with a slight increase noted in Fayoumi breed. In conclusion, this investigation underscores the substantial impact of ADSL, MC4R, and CAPN1 genes on economically important production traits within Egyptian domestic chicken breeds. Consequently, these genes emerge as significant molecular markers, holding potential utility in avian selection and breeding programs aimed at enhancing productive performance.
Pathological complete response of hepatocellular carcinoma confirmed by conversion hepatectomy following atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Sato Shun , Aoki Taku , Matsumoto Takatsugu , Shiraki Takayuki , Mori Shozo , Iso Yukihiro , Nemoto Takehiko , Onishi Toshihiko , Iijima Makoto , Ishida Kazuyuki
Published: December 2023

The combination regimen of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atezo/Bev) is currently used as first-line treatment in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Herein, we report a rare case of curative hepatic resection performed as conversion surgery in a patient with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma following preoperative Atezo/Bev therapy. After five treatment cycles of Atezo/Bev therapy, followed by four cycles of atezolizumab monotherapy, the tumor marker levels decreased to baseline levels and 22 small daughter nodules disappeared, leaving only the primary tumor. Therefore, we performed resection of the primary tumor as conversion surgery, and postoperative histopathology confirmed complete tumor necrosis. No cancer recurrence has been observed until the 5-month postoperative follow-up, and the patient remains drug free. Consistent with the findings in this case, a review of previously reported cases revealed that in cases of successful conversion surgery, neoadjuvant Atezo/Bev therapy was associated with intra-tumoral bleeding, immune-related adverse events, and normalization of the tumor marker levels.
Spin glass theory and its new challenge: structured disorder
Authors: Mézard Marc
Published: December 2023

This paper first describes, from a high-level viewpoint, the main challenges that had to be solved in order to develop a theory of spin glasses in the last fifty years. It then explains how important inference problems, notably those occurring in machine learning, can be formulated as problems in statistical physics of disordered systems. However, the main questions that we face in the analysis of deep networks require to develop a new chapter of spin glass theory, which will address the challenge of structured data.
Forecasting volatility by using wavelet transform, ARIMA and GARCH models
Authors: Rubio Lihki , Palacio Pinedo Adriana , Mejía Castaño Adriana , Ramos Filipe
Published: December 2023

Forecasting volatility of certain stocks plays an important role for investors as it allows to quantify associated trading risk and thus make right decisions. This work explores econometric alternatives for time series forecasting, such as the ARIMA and GARCH models, which have been widely used in the financial industry. These techniques have the advantage that training the models does not require high computational cost. To improve predictions obtained from ARIMA, the discrete Fourier transform is used as ARIMA pre-processing, resulting in the wavelet ARIMA strategy. Due to the linear nature of ARIMA, non-linear patterns in the volatility time series cannot be captured. To solve this problem, two hybridisation techniques are proposed, combining wavelet ARIMA and GARCH. The advantage of applying this methodology is associated with the ability of each to capture linear and non-linear patterns present in a time series. These two hybridisation techniques are evaluated to verify which provides better prediction. The volatility time series is associated with Tesla stock, which has a highly volatile nature and it is of major interest to many investors today.
Interpolation of missing swaption volatility data using variational autoencoders
Authors: Richert Ivo , Buch Robert
Published: December 2023

Albeit of crucial interest for financial researchers, market-implied volatility data of European swaptions often exhibit large portions of missing quotes due to illiquidity of the underlying swaption instruments. In this case, standard stochastic interpolation tools like the common SABR model cannot be calibrated to observed volatility smiles, due to data being only available for the at-the-money quote of the respective underlying swaption. Here, we propose to infer the geometry of the full unknown implied volatility cube by learning stochastic latent representations of implied volatility cubes via variational autoencoders, enabling inference about the missing volatility data conditional on the observed data by an approximate Gibbs sampling approach. Up to our knowledge, our studies constitute the first-ever completely nonparametric approach to modeling swaption volatility using unsupervised learning methods while simultaneously tackling the issue of missing data. Since training data for the employed variational autoencoder model is usually sparsely available, we propose a novel method to generate synthetic swaption volatility data for training and afterwards test the robustness of our approach on real market quotes. In particular, we show that SABR interpolated volatilities calibrated to reconstructed volatility cubes with artificially imputed missing values differ by not much more than two basis points compared to SABR fits calibrated to the complete cube. Moreover, we demonstrate how the imputation can be used to successfully set up delta-neutral portfolios for hedging purposes.
Existence and Stability of Ulam–Hyers for Neutral Stochastic Functional Differential Equations
Authors: Selvam Arunachalam , Sabarinathan Sriramulu , Pinelas Sandra , Suvitha Vaidhiyanathan
Published: December 2023

The primary aim of this paper is to focus on the stability analysis of an advanced neural stochastic functional differential equation with finite delay driven by a fractional Brownian motion in a Hilbert space. We examine the existence and uniqueness of mild solution of $$ {\textrm{d}}\left[ {x}_{a}(s) + {\mathfrak {g}}(s, {x}_{a}(s - \omega (s)))\right] =\left[ {\mathfrak {I}}{x}_a(s) + {\mathfrak {f}}(s, {x}_a(s -\varrho (s)))\right] {\textrm{d}}s + \varsigma (s){\textrm{d}}\varpi ^{{\mathbb {H}}}(s),$$

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Targeting epigenetic and posttranslational modifications regulating ferroptosis for the treatment of diseases
Authors: Wang Yumin , Hu Jing , Wu Shuang , Fleishman Joshua S. , Li Yulin , Xu Yinshi , Zou Wailong , Wang Jinhua , Feng Yukuan , Chen Jichao , Wang Hongquan
Published: December 2023

Ferroptosis, a unique modality of cell death with mechanistic and morphological differences from other cell death modes, plays a pivotal role in regulating tumorigenesis and offers a new opportunity for modulating anticancer drug resistance. Aberrant epigenetic modifications and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) promote anticancer drug resistance, cancer progression, and metastasis. Accumulating studies indicate that epigenetic modifications can transcriptionally and translationally determine cancer cell vulnerability to ferroptosis and that ferroptosis functions as a driver in nervous system diseases (NSDs), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), liver diseases, lung diseases, and kidney diseases. In this review, we first summarize the core molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis. Then, the roles of epigenetic processes, including histone PTMs, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNA regulation and PTMs, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, methylation, and ADP-ribosylation, are concisely discussed. The roles of epigenetic modifications and PTMs in ferroptosis regulation in the genesis of diseases, including cancers, NSD, CVDs, liver diseases, lung diseases, and kidney diseases, as well as the application of epigenetic and PTM modulators in the therapy of these diseases, are then discussed in detail. Elucidating the mechanisms of ferroptosis regulation mediated by epigenetic modifications and PTMs in cancer and other diseases will facilitate the development of promising combination therapeutic regimens containing epigenetic or PTM-targeting agents and ferroptosis inducers that can be used to overcome chemotherapeutic resistance in cancer and could be used to prevent other diseases. In addition, these mechanisms highlight potential therapeutic approaches to overcome chemoresistance in cancer or halt the genesis of other diseases.
Effective hybrid search technique based constraint mixed-integer programming for smart home residential load scheduling
Authors: Abdelhameed Esam H. , Abdelraheem Samah , Mohamed Yehia Sayed , Diab Ahmed A. Zaki
Published: December 2023

In this paper, the problem of scheduling smart homes (SHs) residential loads is considered aiming to minimize electricity bills and enhance the user comfort. The problem is addressed as a multi-objective constraint mixed-integer optimization problem (CP-MIP) to model the constrained load operation. As the CP-MIP optimization problem is non-convex, a novel hybrid search technique, that combines the Relaxation and Rounding (RnR) approach and metaheuristic algorithms to enhance the accuracy and relevance of decision variables, is proposed. This search technique is implemented through two stages: the relaxation stage in which a metaheuristic technique is applied to get the optimal rational solution of the problem. Whereas, the second stage is the rounding process which is applied via stochastic rounding approach to provide a good-enough feasible solution. The scheduling process has been done under time-of-use (ToU) dynamic electricity pricing scheme and two powering modes (i.e., powering from the main grid only or powering from a grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) residential power system), in addition, four metaheuristics [i.e., Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO), Self-Organizing Hierarchical PSO (SOH-PSO), JAYA algorithm, and Comprehensive Learning JAYA algorithm (CL-JAYA)] have been utilized. The results reported in this study verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique. In the 1st powering mode, the electricity bill reduction reaches 19.4% and 20.0% when applying the modified metaheuristics, i.e. SOH-PSO and CL-JAYA, respectively, while reaches 56.1%, and 54.7% respectively in the 2nd powering scenario. In addition, CL-JAYA superiority is also observed with regard to the user comfort.
Selenium nanoparticles coated bacterial polysaccharide with potent antimicrobial and anti-lung cancer activities
Authors: Shehata Nourhan S. , Elwakil Bassma H. , Elshewemi Salma S. , Ghareeb Doaa A. , Olama Zakia A.
Published: December 2023

Bacterial exopolysaccharides are homopolymeric or heteropolymeric polysaccharides with large molecular weights (10–1000 kDa). Exopolysaccharides' functional uses and potential have revolutionized the industrial and medicinal industries. Hence, the aim of the present study was to optimize the production of bacterial exopolysaccharide and apply it as a capping agent for selenium nanoparticles synthesis. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from dairy products then biochemically characterized and assessed for their potential antimicrobial effect. The most potent EPS producer was identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain A2 with accession number OP218384 using 16S rRNA sequencing. Overall, FTIR data of the extracted EPS revealed similarity with amylopectin spectrum. 1H NMR spectrum revealed an α-anomeric configuration of the glycosidic linkage pattern in the polysaccharides while the 13C NMR spectrum can also be separated into two main portions, the anomeric carbons region (δ 98–102 ppm) and the non-anomeric carbons region (δ 60–81 ppm). Antimicrobial activity of the produced EPS showed maximum activity against Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans respectively. The EPS capsule layer surrounding the bacterial cells was detected by TEM study. Optimization of EPS production was evaluated using Taguchi design, trial 23 reported the highest biomass yield and EPS output (6.5 and 27.12 g/L respectively) with 2.4 and 3.3 folds increase (from the basal media) respectively. The optimized exopolysaccharide was used as a capping and stabilizing agent for selenium nanoparticles (EPS-SeNPs) synthesis. Zeta potential, size and PDI of the synthesized nanoparticles were − 19.7 mV, 45–65 nm and 0.446 respectively with strong bactericidal and fungicidal effect against the tested pathogens. Complete microbial growth eradication was recorded after 6, 8 and 10 h against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. EPS-SeNPs showed a potent antioxidant effect reached 97.4% and anticancer effect against A549 lung cancer cell line (IC50 reached 5.324 µg/mL). EPS-SeNPs inhibited cancerous cell growth at S phase. Moreover, molecular studies revealed the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl2's was inhibited and Bax was activated. The present investigation successfully synthesized selenium nanoparticles through bacterial EPS with significantly high antimicrobial and anticancer activity.
Caspase inhibition improves viability and efficiency of liposomal transfection
Authors: Yoshida Tatsushi , Yamasaki Kenta , Tadagaki Kenjiro
Published: December 2023

High transfection efficiency is the most important point for experiments of DNA and RNA introduction into cells. Decrease of cell viability during the transfection procedure is a crucial issue, resulting in transfection failure. However, the mechanism underlying cell growth inhibition has not been fully elucidated. Lipofection is frequently used for transfection experiments, whereases, depending on cell type, it causes a decrease in cell viability. The present study demonstrates here that a potent pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPh blocked cell death during the lipofection, indicating apoptosis was induced in lipofection. Moreover, Q-VD-OPh drastically increased transfected cells. This method provides easier and more effective transfection system of lipofection and may be useful for transfection of not only cell lines but also clinical uses such as gene therapy and nucleic acids vaccine.
Uncovering myocardial infarction genetic signatures using GWAS exploration in Saudi and European cohorts
Authors: Al-Ali Amein K. , Al-Rubaish Abdullah M. , Alali Rudaynah A. , Almansori Mohammed S. , Al-Jumaan Mohammed A. , Alshehri Abdullah M. , Al-Madan Mohammed S. , Vatte ChittiBabu , Cherlin Tess , Young Sylvia , Verma Shefali S. , Morahan Grant , Koeleman Bobby P. C. , Keating Brendan J.
Published: December 2023

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have yielded significant insights into the genetic architecture of myocardial infarction (MI), although studies in non-European populations are still lacking. Saudi Arabian cohorts offer an opportunity to discover novel genetic variants impacting disease risk due to a high rate of consanguinity. Genome-wide genotyping (GWG), imputation and GWAS followed by meta-analysis were performed based on two independent Saudi Arabian studies comprising 3950 MI patients and 2324 non-MI controls. Meta-analyses were then performed with these two Saudi MI studies and the CardioGRAMplusC4D and UK BioBank GWAS as controls. Meta-analyses of the two Saudi MI studies resulted in 17 SNPs with genome-wide significance. Meta-analyses of all 4 studies revealed 66 loci with genome-wide significance levels of p < 5 × 10–8. All of these variants, except rs2764203, have previously been reported as MI-associated loci or to have high linkage disequilibrium with known loci. One SNP association in Shisa family member 5 (SHISA5) (rs11707229) was evident at a much higher frequency in the Saudi MI populations (> 12% MAF). In conclusion, our results replicated many MI associations, whereas in Saudi-only GWAS (meta-analyses), several new loci were implicated that require future validation and functional analyses.
Identification of ITPR1 gene as a novel target for hsa-miR-34b-5p in non-obstructive azoospermia: a Ca2+/apoptosis pathway cross-talk
Authors: Maleki Bahareh , Modarres Parastoo , Salehi Peyman , Vallian Sadeq
Published: December 2023

MiR-34b-5p has been reported as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for infertility. However, no gene targets regulating the mechanism of cation of this miRNA are known. In this study, using gene set enrichment analysis the Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Type 1 (ITPR1)gene was identified as the sole target for hsa-miR-34b-5p, and found significantly overexpressed in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients. This finding was confirmed by qRT-PCR on fresh testicular tissues from NOA patients. Then, pathway enrichment analysis as well as the diagnostic value analysis of hsa-miR-34b-5p/ITPR1indicatedITPR1as a hub gene in the calcium (Ca2+)-apoptosis pathway, and a valuable predictive biomarker for NOA. Moreover, gene expression and histological assays showed the association of the effects of ITPR1’s increased expression on spermatogenesis failure through induction of apoptosis in NOA patients. These data suggested that the hsa-miR-34b-5p/ITPR1 axis could serve as a potential regulatory predictive biomarker for human spermatogenesis through the Ca2+-apoptosis pathway cross-talk.
Influence of pneumatic transportation on the stability of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Coliat Pierre , Erb Stéphane , Diemer Hélène , Karouby Dan , Martin Tristan , Banerjee Mainak , Zhu Chen , Demarchi Martin , Cianférani Sarah , Detappe Alexandre , Pivot Xavier
Published: December 2023

Pneumatic transportation systems (PTS) were recently proposed as a method to carry ready-for-injection diluted monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from the pharmacy to the bedside of patients. This method reduces transportation time and improves the efficiency of drug distribution process. However, mAbs are highly sensitive molecules for which subtle alterations may lead to deleterious clinical effects. These alterations can be caused by various external factors such as temperature, pH, pressure, and mechanical forces that may occur during transportation. Hence, it is essential to ensure that the mAbs transported by PTS remain stable and active throughout the transportation process. This study aims to determine the safety profile of PTS to transport 11 routinely used mAbs in a clinical setting through assessment of critical quality attributes (CQA) and orthogonal analysis. Hence, we performed aggregation/degradation profiling, post-translational modifications identification using complementary mass spectrometry-based methods, along with visible and subvisible particle formation determination by light absorbance and light obscuration analysis. Altogether, these results highlight that PTS can be safely used for this purpose when air is removed from the bags during preparation.
Solvated/desolvated homochiral Fe(ii) complexes showing distinct bidirectional photo-switching due to a hidden state
Authors: Zhao Xin-Hua , Deng Yi-Fei , Huang Jia-Quan , Liu Min , Zhang Yuan-Zhu
Published: December 2023

Two homochiral complexes of [(S(R)-L)Fe(NCBH3)2]·MeOH along with their solvent-free analogues showing distinct bidirectional photo-switching due to a hidden state were investigated.
Bidirectional wide range and high voltage gain buck‐boost DC‐DC converter for EV chargers empowering V2G‐G2V applications
Authors: Gholami Zahra , Ildarabadi Rahim , Heydari‐Doostabad Hamed , Monfared Mohammad , O'Donnell Terence
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes a new wide range bidirectional buck‐boost dc‐dc converter with improved voltage gain in either forward (discharging) or backward (charging) direction for electric vehicle (EV) applications. The converter has high‐voltage gain ratio with no theoretical limits in the output voltage in both directions, and presents a good balance between the component count, number of conducting components, semiconductor device ratings, having direct connection between input and output terminals, and efficiency which makes it a practical solution for the EV charger levels 1, 2, and 3 power converter unit. The operating principle, steady‐state characteristics including the current and voltage stress of the switches, and comparison with other state of the art dc‐dc bidirectional converters are explained in detail. In order to validate the theoretical analysis, a 500 W, 200 V or 40 V to 180 V laboratory prototype is implemented. The obtained results confirm the applicability of this structure and demonstrate a peak efficiency of 97.2% in the forward and 97.6% in the backward direction modes of operation.
Benchmarking and economic analysis of the impact of geometric structural design on the thermoelectric performance of air‐cooled photovoltaic thermal systems
Authors: Sahlaoui Kamel , Oueslati Hatem , gammoudi Haythem , Ben Mabrouk Salah
Published: December 2023

For a sustainable system to be designed with the lowest possible cost, photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) system efficiency and heat transmission must be increased. The performance of each hybrid PV/T air system was examined using four air PV/T models with various geometric configurations. The examination of the various mathematical models revealed how each geometry configuration affected each system's performance. Air PV/T arrangements with expanded surfaces, like fins, enhance thermoelectric performance. According to the findings, the thermal efficiencies of finned absorber PV/T and finned Tedlar PV/T are, respectively, 80.3 and 77.54%. Additionally, the figures for electrical efficiencies are 11.88 and 11.93%, respectively. For these two types of PV/T systems, the annual energy output has increased and now stands at roughly 3242 and 3316 kWh/m2, respectively. Additionally, compared to other PV/T systems, the finned Tedlar PV/T system offers higher profitability in terms of cost and revenue according to an economic research.
Beckenboden- und Bauchmuskeltraining – sinnvoll in der
Peripartalperiode
Authors: Henscher Ulla
Published: December 2023

Bewegung und Sport während und nach der Schwangerschaft sind wichtig.
Auch das Training der Beckenboden- und Bauchmuskulatur gehört dazu, denn
es hilft, Risiken für den Beckenboden durch Schwangerschaft und Geburt
reduzieren. Sah man früher vor allem in einem Training der
Beckenbodenmuskulatur Nachteile für den Geburtsvorgang, weiß man
heute, dass die Vorteile überwiegen. Dieser Artikel bietet ein Update
und erklärt, wie sich die Bauchmuskeln bei einer Rektusdiastase effektiv
trainieren lassen.
Mit überholten Vorstellungen brechen: Diagnose und Behandlung
der subakuten Mastitis
Authors: Michel Jule Heike , Kerlen-Petri Katharina
Published: December 2023

Wenn sich Schmerzen beim Stillen nicht durch typische Symptome wie Fieber,
Rötung und Abgeschlagenheit äußern, kommt unter anderem
die Diagnose subakute Mastitis in Betracht. Diese Erkrankung aus dem
Mastitis-Spektrum ist relativ unbekannt und wird daher oft nicht richtig erkannt
und therapiert. Jule Heike Michel ist Hebamme, Beauftragte für Stillen
und Ernährung im DHV und Stillberaterin IBCLC. Im Gespräch mit
Katharina Kerlen-Petri, Hebamme und Mitherausgeberin dieser Zeitschrift,
erklärt sie, wie sich die subakute Mastitis äußert,
warum alte Denkmuster manchmal die Diagnose erschweren und welche
Therapieoptionen es gibt.
Feminismus in der Zeit rund um die Geburt
Authors: Peters Mirjam
Published: December 2023

Der Ausspruch „Mein Bauch gehört mir“ wird häufig
mit feministischen Diskursen rund um das Thema Abtreibungen verbunden. Doch wem
gehört der Bauch, wenn eine Frau sich für eine Schwangerschaft
entscheidet? Mehrere Themen begleiten den feministischen Diskurs rund um die
Geburt. Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich damit, welchen Einfluss diese
Themen auf die Hebammenarbeit haben und wie Hebammen Geschlechtergerechtigkeit
fördern können.
Lachgas-Analgesie unter dem Aspekt: Nachhaltigkeit im
Kreißsaal
Authors: Dresen Franziska , Bechert Susanne , Bolkenius Daniel , Snyder-Ramos Stephanie , Koch Susanne
Published: December 2023

Die Klimakrise zwingt dazu, in vielen Bereichen umzudenken und neue
Lösungen zu finden. In der Geburtshilfe hat Lachgas als Schmerzmittel
ein besonders klimaschädigendes Potenzial. Die Autor*innen
beleuchten die Nutzung von Lachgas im Kreißsaal unter dem Aspekt der
Nachhaltigkeit und kommen zum Schluss, die bisherige Nutzung als Analgetikum
während der Geburt sollte im Sinne der Klimagerechtigkeit
gegenüber kommenden Generationen überdacht werden.
A nurse-led approach to urgent results management at Sydney Sexual Health Centre demonstrates benefits to client outcomes and cost savings: a time efficiency and health system cost analysis
Authors: Scally E. , Watts C. G. , Nugent C. , Houghton R.
Published: December 2023

Background The timely provision of test results to facilitate early access to treatment is an essential component of sexually transmissible infection (STI) control and contributes to a significant proportion of the workload at sexual health services. We aimed to estimate the time to deliver client results and treatment as well as the health system costs of the nurse-led urgent results management model at the Sydney Sexual Health Centre (SSHC) compared to an alternative ‘ordering clinician’ model. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of urgent results managed by the results nurse over 2 weeks in 2019 and an observational study over 2 weeks in 2021, where 10 clinicians managed five of their own urgent results. Additional activity data were gathered to determine the annual health system costs for both models. Results In the nurse-led model 211 of 280 clients required notification; 156 (73.9%) were notified on the day their results became available, and the median time to treatment (n = 137) was 1 day. The annual health system cost for the nurse-led model was A$3 922 143. In the ordering clinician model, 17 (42.5%) clients were notified on the same day, and of the 27 clients treated at SSHC, the median time to treatment increased to 4 days. The annual health system cost for the ordering clinician model was A$4 043 667.28 compared with the nurse-led model, and an additional 33.3 h per week of clinician time was required for the same level of service provision. Conclusions This study highlights the strengths of the nurse-led results model at SSHC, demonstrating improved client outcomes for STI notification and treatment times and health systems savings.
Harvesting pollen with vibrations: towards an integrative understanding of the proximate and ultimate reasons for buzz pollination
Authors: Vallejo-Marin Mario , Russell Avery L
Published: December 2023

Buzz pollination, a type of interaction in which bees use vibrations to extract pollen from certain kinds of flowers, captures a close relationship between thousands of bee and plant species. In the last 120 years, studies of buzz pollination have contributed to our understanding of the natural history of buzz pollination, and basic properties of the vibrations produced by bees and applied to flowers in model systems. Yet, much remains to be done to establish its adaptive significance and the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of buzz pollination across diverse plant and bee systems. Here, we review for bees and plants the proximate (mechanism and ontogeny) and ultimate (adaptive significance and evolution) explanations for buzz pollination, focusing especially on integrating across these levels to synthesize and identify prominent gaps in our knowledge. Throughout, we highlight new technical and modelling approaches and the importance of considering morphology, biomechanics and behaviour in shaping our understanding of the adaptive significance of buzz pollination. We end by discussing the ecological context of buzz pollination and how a multilevel perspective can contribute to explain the proximate and evolutionary reasons for this ancient bee–plant interaction.
Security, Emotions and Radical Right Populism: Beyond a ‘Flaunting of the Low’?
Authors: Hamilton Claire
Published: December 2023

The rise of exclusionary populism is widely regarded as one of the most significant phenomena in today’s political world. Despite this, the relationship between populism and security remains under-explored in the literature, including the affective power of populist security narratives. Against this background, this paper conducts a comparative analysis of radical right populist discourse in response to two recent shocking crimes in France and Ireland. The different expression given to security concerns in the two countries, such as a much less antagonistic ‘flaunting of the low’ in France, is suggestive of a more contingent and institutionally mediated relationship between security and populism than the existing literature would suggest.