bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exercise alters the circadian rhythm of REV-ERB-α and downregulates autophagy-related genes in peripheral and central tissues
Authors: da Rocha Alisson L. , Pinto Ana P. , Bedo Bruno L. S. , Morais Gustavo P. , Oliveira Luciana C. , Carolino Ruither O. G. , Pauli Jose R. , Simabuco Fernando M. , de Moura Leandro P. , Ropelle Eduardo R. , Cintra Dennys E. , Rivas Donato A. , da Silva Adelino S. R.
Published: November 2022

The transcriptional repressor REV-ERB-α, encoded by Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group D Member 1 (Nr1d1), has been considered to play an essential role in the skeletal muscle oxidative capacity adaptation and muscle mass control. Also, this molecule regulates autophagy via the repression of autophagy-related genes both in skeletal muscle and brain regions. Classically, training programs based on endurance or strength characteristics enhance skeletal muscle mass content and/or oxidative capacity, leading to autophagy activation in several tissues. Thus, it seems that REV-ERB-α regulates similar responses induced by exercise. However, how this molecule responds to different exercise models/intensities in different tissues is still unclear. Therefore, the main aim was to characterize the responses of REV-ERB-α and autophagy-related genes to different exercise protocols (endurance/interval run/strength) in distinct tissues (gastrocnemius, soleus and hippocampus). Since REV-ERB-α presents a circadian rhythm, the analyses were performed in a time-course manner. The endurance and strength groups attenuated REV-ERB-α transcriptional response during the time course in gastrocnemius and soleus. Conversely, the interval group enhanced the Nr1d1 expression in the hippocampus. All protocols downregulated the REV-ERB-α protein levels in gastrocnemius following the exercise session with concomitant nuclear exclusion. The major autophagy-related genes presented downregulation after the exercise session in all analyzed tissues. Altogether, these results highlight that REV-ERB-α is extremely sensitive to physical exercise stimuli, including different models and intensities in skeletal muscle and the hippocampus.
Preterm toddlers have low nighttime sleep quality and high daytime activity
Authors: Asaka Yoko , Mitani Yusuke , Ohta Hidenobu , Nakazawa Takayo , Fukutomi Rika , Kobayashi Kyoko , Kumagai Mayuko , Shinohara Hitomi , Yoshida Michiko , Ando Akiko , Yoshimura Yuko , Nakagawa Machiko , Oishi Yoshihisa , Mizushima Masato , Adachi Hiroyuki , Kaneshi Yosuke , Morioka Keita , Seto Yoshitaka , Shimabukuro Rinshu , Hirata Michio , Ikeda Takashi , Ozawa Miwa , Takeshima Masahiro , Manabe Atsushi , Takahashi Tsutomu , Mishima Kazuo , Kikuchi Mitsuru , Yoda Hitoshi , Kusakawa Isao , Cho Kazutoshi
Published: November 2022

A number of studies have been made on the sleep characteristics of children born preterm in an attempt to develop methods to address the sleep problems commonly observed among such children. However, the reported sleep characteristics from these studies vary depending on the observation methods used, i.e., actigraphy, polysomnography and questionnaire. In the current study, to obtain reliable data on the sleep characteristics of preterm-born children, we investigated the difference in sleep properties between 97 preterm and 97 term toddlers of approximately 1.5 years of age using actigraphy. Actigraphy units were attached to the toddlers’ waists with an adjustable elastic belt for 7 consecutive days, and a child sleep diary was completed by their parents. In the study, we found that preterm toddlers had more nocturnal awakenings and more daytime activity, suggesting that preterm-born children may have a different process of sleep development in their early development.
Generalisable machine learning models trained on heart rate variability data to predict mental fatigue
Authors: Matuz András , van der Linden Dimitri , Darnai Gergely , Csathó Árpád
Published: November 2022

A prolonged period of cognitive performance often leads to mental fatigue, a psychobiological state that increases the risk of injury and accidents. Previous studies have trained machine learning algorithms on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) data to detect fatigue in order to prevent its consequences. However, the results of these studies cannot be generalised because of various methodological issues including the use of only one type of cognitive task to induce fatigue which makes any predictions task-specific. In this study, we combined the datasets of three experiments each of which applied different cognitive tasks for fatigue induction and trained algorithms that detect fatigue and predict its severity. We also tested different time window lengths and compared algorithms trained on resting and task related data. We found that classification performance was best when the support vector classifier was trained on task related HRV calculated for a 5-min time window (AUC = 0.843, accuracy = 0.761). For the prediction of fatigue severity, CatBoost regression showed the best performance when trained on 3-min HRV data and self-reported measures (R2 = 0.248, RMSE = 17.058). These results indicate that both the detection and prediction of fatigue based on HRV are effective when machine learning models are trained on heterogeneous, multi-task datasets.
Effect of subclinical depression on moral judgment dilemmas: a process dissociation approach
Authors: Yin Xiyang , Hong Zijing , Zheng Yinjia , Ni Yali
Published: November 2022

Dual-process theory of moral judgment indicates that moral decision-making is guided by emotional or cognitive processing, competing with each other. While emotional processing overwhelms cognitive processing, individuals preferentially make deontological judgments. Further, while cognitive processing dominates emotional processing, individuals preferentially make utilitarian judgments. This theory predicts that individuals with subclinical depression associated with emotion regulation deficits may deliver more utilitarian judgments. Experiment 1 indicated that higher depressive symptoms predicted utilitarian judgment. However, previous studies have not determined why individuals with subclinical depression make a utilitarian judgment. Thus, Experiment 2 employed the process-dissociation approach, which can separately measure the relative strength of individual deontological and utilitarian inclinations. Deontological inclination (parameter D) was associated with emotional processing, whereas utilitarian inclination (parameter U) was related to cognitive processing. In Experiment 2, the two groups (higher depressive symptoms/minimal depressive symptoms) completed the moral task of the process-dissociation approach to investigate the underlying mechanism. There was a significant interaction effect between the group and parameter of process dissociation. Parameter D in the higher depressive symptoms group was weaker than in the minimal depressive symptoms group. Individuals with subclinical depression bias their utilitarian judgments by making fewer deontological moral judgments.
Mechanically tunable resins based on acrylate-based resin for digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing
Authors: Pongwisuthiruchte Aphiwat , Dubas Stephan T. , Aumnate Chuanchom , Potiyaraj Pranut
Published: November 2022

Until now, only a few materials are available for additive manufacturing technologies that employ photopolymerization, such as stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing systems. This study investigates a newly formulated resins as an alternative 3D printing materials with tunable mechanical properties to expand the potential applications of advanced engineering products such as wearable devices and small reactors. A commercial acrylate-based resin was selected as a standard resin (STD). The resin was formulated by combining various volume ratios of a low-cost polypropylene glycol (PPG) having various molecular weights (400, 1000, and 2000 g/mol) with the STD resin. The printability of the formulated resins was optimized using the digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technique. The effects of the PPG contents on the properties of the printed parts were studied, including printability, thermal properties, mechanical properties, and thermo-mechanical properties. As a result, the formulated resins with 5–30%vol of PPG could be printed while higher PPG content led to print failure. Results suggest that increasing the PPG contents reduced the dimensional accuracy of the printed parts and decreased the mechanical properties, including the flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength, hardness, and elastic modulus. interestingly, at small loading, 5%vol, the mechanical performance of the printed specimens was successfully enhanced. These results are intriguing to use a tunable mechanical acrylate-based resin for a specific application such as a microreactor.
Fibroblast-targeting polymeric nanovehicles to enhance topical wound healing through promotion of PAR-2 receptor-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Lee Yousong , Kim Seulgi , Seo Jihye , Kim Hyo Keun , Han Yeong Pin , Park Eun Ju , Park Jin Oh , Yang Chul-Su , Kim Jin Woong
Published: November 2022

A smart skin regeneration platform that can enhance their selective cellular uptake to fibroblasts via PAR-2 receptor mediated endocytosis is proposed.
All-in-one CoFe2O4@Tf nanoagent with GSH depletion and tumor-targeted ability for mutually enhanced chemodynamic/photothermal synergistic therapy
Authors: Chen Niping , Wang Yakun , Zeng Yaoxun , Li Yushan , Pan Zhenxing , Li Haihong , Chen Jingman , Chen Zefeng , Yuan Jiongpeng , Yan Wen , Lu Yu-Jing , Liu Xujie , He Yan , Zhang Kun
Published: November 2022

Fabrication process of CFOT and schematic illustration mechanism of CFOT for PTT/CDT synergistic therapy with GSH depletion and tumor targeting.
Photogenerated carrier behavior at a gas–solid interface for CO2 adsorption on Cs2AgBiBr6 nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Rui , Li Linjia , Tang Bo , Wang Dejun , Lin Yanhong , Xie Tengfeng
Published: November 2022

We used a combination of in situ TPV measurements and DFT calculations for the first time to understand the carrier transfer process at a CO2/Cs2AgBiBr6 gas–solid interface.
Fecal pollution source characterization in the surface waters of recharge and contributing zones of a karst aquifer using general and host-associated fecal genetic markers
Authors: Vadde Kiran Kumar , Phan Duc C. , Moghadam Sina V. , Jafarzadeh Arash , Matta Akanksha , Johnson Drew , Kapoor Vikram
Published: November 2022

Fecal pollution of surface waters in the karst-dominated Edwards aquifer is a serious concern as contaminated waters can rapidly transmit to groundwaters, which are used for domestic purposes.
The signatures of liver metabolomics and gut microbiota in high-fat diet fed mice supplemented with rhododendrol
Authors: Li Xiaoping , Wang Yu , Yu Chengwei , Yao Yexuan , Chen Xi , Deng Ze-Yuan , Yao Zhao , Luo Ting
Published: November 2022

The major metabolites of raspberry ketones, rhododendrol (RHO) have the potential for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) amelioration.
Electrochemically enhanced deoxygenative cross-coupling of aryl ketones with heteroarenes throughin situgenerated benzyl carbocations
Authors: Zhang Yiyi , Hou Jianxin , Yang Hui , Wang Shengdong , Yuan Kedong
Published: November 2022

Triflic acids/silanes as cooperative reductants enable Csp2–Csp3bond formation from aryl ketones and heteroarenes in one pot.
Breakthroughs in nanozyme-inspired application diversity
Authors: Zhang Qian , Song Li , Zhang Kun
Published: November 2022

The rapid advancement of nanomaterials has promoted the booming of nanozymes capable of mimicking natural enzymes.
Investigation of Fe3O4@boehmite NPs as efficient and magnetically recoverable nanocatalyst in the homoselective synthesis of tetrazoles
Authors: Moradi Parisa
Published: November 2022

Magnetic boehmite nanoparticles were synthesized from a hybrid of boehmite and Fe3O4nanoparticles. Then, it was applied as a homoselective, highly efficient, cheep, heterogeneous and recoverable nanocatalyst in the synthesis of tetrazole derivative.
The concentration-dependent effect of hydrocortisone on the structure of model lung surfactant monolayer by using an in silico approach
Authors: Islam Mohammad Zohurul , Hossain Sheikh I. , Deplazes E. , Luo Zhen , Saha Suvash C.
Published: November 2022

Adsorption mechanism of corticosteroid drug hydrocortisone in the lung surfactant monolayer.
Tag-free, specific conjugation of glycosylated IgG1 antibodies using microbial transglutaminase
Authors: Hadjabdelhafid-Parisien Adem , Bitsch Sebastian , Macarrón Palacios Arturo , Deweid Lukas , Kolmar Harald , Pelletier Joelle N.
Published: November 2022

Substitution I253Q on a glycosylated IgG1 antibody allows microbial transglutaminase-mediated conjugation of a fluorophore or a clickable auristatin. The resulting antibody–drug conjugate showed excellent cell toxicity and no FcRn-mediated recycling.
Identification and classification of particle contaminants on photomasks based on individual-particle Raman scattering spectra and SEM images
Authors: Li Dongxian , Zhang Tao , Yue Weisheng , Gao Ping , Luo Yunfei , Wang Changtao , Luo Xiangang
Published: November 2022

Raman spectroscopy was used for the detection chemical composition of particle contamination on photomasks. Particle types and sources were identified and classified according to the Raman spectra of individual particles.
Catalytic ozonation of dichloromethane at low temperature and even room temperature on Mn-loaded catalysts
Authors: Duan Yaxin , Liu Peixi , Lin Fawei , He Yong , Zhu Yanqun , Wang Zhihua
Published: November 2022

The collaboration of abundant surface oxygen species and weak acid sites at low temperatures ensures the best functioning of M/A-II.
Self-supporting photocatalyst of 2D Bi2O3 anchored on carbon paper for degradation pollutants
Authors: Zhou Jianwei , Wang Chubei , Zhou Chen , Duo Fangfang , Chu Liangliang , Zhang Mingliang
Published: November 2022

Two-dimensional vertically aligned Bi2O3 nanosheets over carbon paper (CP) were prepared via an in situ growth approach.
Grafting macromolecular chains on the surface of graphene oxide through crosslinker for antistatic and thermally stable polyethylene terephthalate nanocomposites
Authors: Meng Zhaorui , Lu Shichao , Zhang Dianbo , Liu Qun , Chen Xiangdong , Liu Wei , Guo Cheng , Liu Zongfa , Zhong Weihua , Ke Yangchuan
Published: November 2022

The graphene oxide (GO) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) molecular chains are connected together by the two amino groups of the crosslinking agent p-phenylenediamine (PPD).
A fluorescent molecular rotor for the in situ imaging of latent fingerprints
Authors: Choi Na-Eun , Kim Eun-Ji , Lee Jiyoun
Published: November 2022

We developed a fluorescent molecular rotor that responds to hydrophobic and viscous environments and visualizes latent fingerprints with level 3 details.
Energy-saving hydrogen production by water splitting coupling urea decomposition and oxidation reactions
Authors: Xiao Zehao , Qian Yinyin , Tan Tianhui , Lu Hongxiu , Liu Canhui , Wang Bowen , Zhang Qiang , Sarwar Muhammad Tariq , Gao Ruijie , Tang Aidong , Yang Huaming
Published: November 2022

Self-supported Ni3S2reconstructs into hydroxyl ligands and participates in the decomposition and oxidation of urea to ammonia and N2, achieving avoidable formation of unfavorable NiOOH and strong bond with urea derivatives to enhance self-stability.
Multiple stimulus responsive Co-AIE framework materials with reversible solvatochromic and thermochromic behaviors: molecular design, synthesis and characterization
Authors: Wang Chen , Huo Rong , Xu Fen , Xing Yong-Heng , Bai Feng-Ying
Published: November 2022

A novel Co-AIE-MOF (Co-tcbpe) based on TPE derivatives is designed and synthesized. And it shows a multi-stimuli response in the application of reversible solvatochromism and thermochromism.
Anisotropic hydrogels with high-sensitivity and self-adhesion for wearable sensors
Authors: Wang Wentang , Deng Xinyue , Luo Chunhui
Published: November 2022

Inspired by muscle structures, an anisotropic hydrogel was prepared to display both high sensitivity (GF = 62.2 near 100% strain) and self-adhesion (adhesion strength = 77.2 kPa), showing great potential in wearable sensors.
Electrophoretic displays for IR emissivity modulation and temperature control
Authors: Chrun Jonathan , Da Silva Alexandre , Vancaeyzeele Cédric , Vidal Frédéric , Aubert Pierre-Henri , Dupont Laurent
Published: November 2022

The first electrophoretic display capable of IR dynamic modulation for temperature control was fabricated and evaluated. The apparent temperature observed with IR cameras was modulated by 4 °C in LWIR and by 10 °C in MWIR.
Skeletal and cardiac muscle calcium transport regulation in health and disease
Authors: Valentim Mark A. , Brahmbhatt Aditya N. , Tupling A. Russell
Published: November 2022

In healthy muscle, the rapid release of calcium ions (Ca2+) with excitation–contraction (E-C) coupling, results in elevations in Ca2+ concentrations which can exceed 10-fold that of resting values. The sizable transient changes in Ca2+ concentrations are necessary for the activation of signaling pathways, which rely on Ca2+ as a second messenger, including those involved with force generation, fiber type distribution and hypertrophy. However, prolonged elevations in intracellular Ca2+ can result in the unwanted activation of Ca2+ signaling pathways that cause muscle damage, dysfunction, and disease. Muscle employs several calcium handling and calcium transport proteins that function to rapidly return Ca2+ concentrations back to resting levels following contraction. This review will detail our current understanding of calcium handling during the decay phase of intracellular calcium transients in healthy skeletal and cardiac muscle. We will also discuss how impairments in Ca2+ transport can occur and how mishandling of Ca2+ can lead to the pathogenesis and/or progression of skeletal muscle myopathies and cardiomyopathies.
Decentralized modular hybrid supervisory control for the formation of unmanned helicopters
Authors: Karimoddini Ali , Karimadini Mohammad , Lin Hai
Published: November 2022

Formation control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) requires them to tightly cooperate to reach and keep the formation, while avoiding collision. This paper proposes a novel decentralized hybrid supervisory control approach for the formation control of multiple UAVs. This is achieved by developing a symbolic motion planning technique to polarly partition the motion space resulting in a finite state discrete event model for the motion dynamics of each UAV. Then, a modular discrete supervisor is designed for different components of the formation mission including reaching the formation, keeping the formation, and collision avoidance. Further, for the collision avoidance mechanism, a novel top‐down decomposition‐based approach is developed to design local supervisors decentralizedly. It is formally proved that with the proposed top‐down decomposition‐based approach, the (locally) supervised UAVs, as a whole, can cooperatively satisfy the desired (global) collision avoidance specification. The proposed decentralized supervisory control algorithm is also verified through a hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulator for the formation control of unmanned helicopters.
Tele‐aiming control design for reconnaissance robot using a strong tracking multi‐model extended super‐twisting observer
Authors: Ji Peng , Min Feng , Zhang Fangfang , Ma Fengying
Published: November 2022

In this study, a tele‐aiming control system for reconnaissance robots is proposed, capable of enabling operators to quickly control the robot to aim at and track the manoeuvring target with random motion characteristics under measurement noise. To track such manoeuvring targets, a cascaded multi‐model super‐twisting observer is designed. First, the system uncertainty and the inertial impact force disturbance generated during rapid tele‐aiming are expanded into a lumped disturbance state. Subsequently, a strong tracking filter is employed to filter and estimate the system output and the lumped disturbance, and the output of the filter is input into the multi‐model extended state super‐twisting observer. The final second‐order state estimation and lumped disturbance estimation of the augmented system are conducted in accordance with the weighted sum of all super‐twisting observers. Lastly, a non‐singular terminal sliding mode controller is designed to compensate for the lumped disturbance and achieve the fast trajectory tracking. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed observer‐based controller, a series of manoeuvring target tracking experiments was performed. As revealed by the experimental results, the proposed controller can quickly control the reconnaissance robot to aim at and track the manoeuvring target with random abrupt motion characteristics under measurement noise disturbance.
Two‐stage local attention network for salient object detection in remote sensing images
Authors: Lin Qihui , Xia Lurui , Li Sen , Chen Wanfeng
Published: November 2022

With the development of earth observation satellites, it is very meaningful to study methods for intelligently processing remote sensing images (RSIs). As an important pretreatment technique, salient object detection (SOD) can produce accurate saliency predictions in natural scenes. However, due to the complex object types, high noise levels, and different imaging angles in RSIs, it is still difficult to generate accurate saliency predictions in such images. This paper proposes a SOD method for RSIs, namely, the two‐stage local attention network (TLANet). It uses two‐stage attention (TSA) to capture the relationships between the pixels of features at different scales and uses an adjacent semantic refinement (ASR) module to enhance the flow of information across scales. In addition, a cascade structure is introduced to the decoder so that more semantic features can guide the feature decoding process. Moreover, a new loss function is proposed to improve the prediction effects obtained for salient edges. Through comprehensive experiments conducted on two RSIs datasets, it is demonstrated that the TLANet is superior to the state‐of‐the‐art methods in both qualitative and quantitative comparisons.
Fast and robust star detection algorithm based on the dyadic wavelet transform
Authors: Chen Zhanglei , Zheng Yong , Li Chonghui , Zhan Yinhu
Published: November 2022

Star detection is an important part of the spacecraft attitude determination performed by star trackers. The current advanced star detection algorithms can effectively extract star points in complex backgrounds. However, there are still two problems: first, the parameters of the star detection algorithm are not adaptive, which limits its reliability and robustness; second, the high performance and low computational time of algorithms usually cannot be achieved simultaneously. In this work, a rapid star detection algorithm utilizing dyadic wavelet transform (SDDWT) was developed based on the à Trous algorithm. The authors constructed a suitable dyadic wavelet basis and applied the dyadic wavelet transform to the star image. The maximum wavelet coefficients at a certain scale were binarized according to a threshold value to separate stars from the background. The threshold was adaptively determined according to the white Gaussian noise (WGN) power. Finally, a method for separating individual stars was developed. Experiments indicated that the proposed algorithm was able to ensure a low false alarm rate and high detection rate by adaptively threshold value. Moreover, for a star image of 1024×1024, the computational time of the SDDWT algorithm was stable within 0.3 s, which was smaller than other algorithms.
Design of a low‐profile, dual‐mode, dual‐port and single‐band antenna with very high isolation for wireless body area network applications
Authors: Mirhadi Salma , Poorjalili Zeinab , Komjani Nader
Published: November 2022

In this study, a simple and compact antenna structure with dual‐port and dual‐mode operating in a single‐band is proposed for wireless body area network. This antenna is composed of a rectangular ring patch antenna, which is shorted in the outer edge to generate an omni‐azimuthal radiation pattern. This pattern is desired for the on‐body communication level. A substrate integrated waveguide cavity‐backed slot antenna is also located at the centre of the structure and provides the broadside radiation pattern desired for the off‐body communication level. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones. The measured mutual coupling between two ports is less than −40 dB which is about 13.5 dB better than that of previous works.
Imaging individual active regions on the Sun’s far side with improved helioseismic holography
Authors: Yang Dan , Gizon Laurent , Barucq Hélène
Published: November 2022

Context.Helioseismic holography is a useful method for detecting active regions on the Sun’s far side and improving space weather forecasts.

Aims.We aim to improve helioseismic holography using a clear formulation of the problem, an accurate forward solver in the frequency domain, and a better understanding of the noise properties.

Methods.Building on the work of Lindsey et al. we define the forward- and backward-propagated wave fields (ingression and egression) in terms of a Green’s function. This Green’s function is computed using an accurate forward solver in the frequency domain. We analyse overlapping segments of 31 h of SDO/HMI dopplergrams, with a cadence of 24 h. Phase shifts between the ingression and the egression are measured and averaged to detect active regions on the far side.

Results.The phase maps are compared with direct extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) intensity maps from STEREO/EUVI. We confirm that medium-sized active regions can be detected on the far side with high confidence. Their evolution (and possible emergence) can be monitored on a daily time scale. Seismic maps averaged over 3 days provide an active-region detection rate as high as 75% and a false-discovery rate as low as 7% for active regions with areas above one thousandth of a hemisphere. For a large part, these improvements can be attributed to the use of a complete Green’s function (all skips) and the use of all available observations on the front side (full pupil).

Conclusions.Improved helioseismic holography enables the study of the evolution of medium-sized active regions on the Sun’s far side.
Research advances in the protective effect of sulforaphane against kidney injury and related mechanisms
Authors: Chang Ruoxi
Published: November 2022

Kidney injury and related diseases have become quite common in recent years, and have attracted more attention. Sulforaphane, a kind of isothiocyanate, is widely distributed in cruciferous plants and it is a common antioxidant. Specifically, sulforaphane can reduce oxidative damage by preventing cells from freeradical damage, preventing cells from degeneration, and acting as an anti-inflammation, etc. This study summarized the investigations of the effects of sulforaphane on kidney injury. This study discussed the mechanisms of sulforaphane on immune, renal ischemia-reperfusion, diabetic nephropathy, age-related, and other factors-induced kidney injury models and discussed the potential and relative mechanisms of sulforaphane for kidney injury protection.
Carbon capture and storage (CCS)
Authors: Della Moretta Davide , Craig Jonathan
Published: November 2022

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is an important tool for the decarbonization of the energy system to achieve the mid-century global climate change targets. CO2 is captured using diﬀerent industrial processes that involve membrane filtering or enhanced combustion. The CO2 is then transported, preferably by pipeline, to a storage site where it is injected into a permeable reservoir. Sealing capacity of the storage site is of paramount importance for safe CO2 sequestration, to avoid any geological leakage. Each CCS project must have a dedicated MMV (Measurement, Monitoring and Verification) programme to ensure conformance with the expected evolution of the CO2 plume and its containment within the storage site. Eni is committed to the implementation of CCS, with several ongoing projects.
Fusion energy: technological challenges
Authors: Romanelli Francesco
Published: November 2022

This paper presents an overview of the main technological challenges of magnetic confinement fusion. Many of the challenges are being addressed in the context of the ITER construction and exploitation. Specifically, the demonstration of high-fusion gain regimes of operation will also provide a test of the technological solutions presently foreseen for the management of high heat and particle loads and the integration of the main technologies of a fusion power plant. In preparation of DEMO, reliable solutions for the breeding blanket and neutron resistant materials have to be developed.
PARUPM: A simulation code for passive auto-catalytic recombiners
Authors: Domínguez-Bugarín Araceli , Jiménez Miguel-Ángel , Reinecke Ernst-Arndt , Jiménez Gonzalo
Published: November 2022

In the event of a severe accident with core damage in a water-cooled nuclear reactor, combustible gases (H2 and possibly CO) get released into the containment atmosphere. An uncontrolled combustion of a large cloud with a high concentration of combustible gases could lead to a threat to the containment integrity if concentrations within their flammability limits are reached. To mitigate this containment failure risk, many countries have proceeded to install passive auto-catalytic recombiners (PARs) inside containment buildings. These devices represent a passive strategy for controlling combustible gases, since they can convert H2 and CO into H2O and CO2, respectively. In this work, the code PARUPM developed by the Department of Energy Engineering at the UPM is described. This work is part of the AMHYCO project (Euratom 2014–2018, GA No. 945057) aiming at improving experimental knowledge and simulation capabilities for the H2/CO combustion risk management in severe accidents (SAs). Thus, enhancing the available knowledge related to PAR operational performance is one key point of the project. The PARUPM code includes a physicochemical model developed for the simulation of surface chemistry, and heat and species mass transfer between the catalytic sheets and gaseous mixtures of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, air, steam and carbon dioxide. This model involves a simplified Deutschmann reaction scheme for the surface combustion of methane, and the Elenbaas analysis for buoyancy-induced heat transfer between parallel plates. Mass transfer is considered using the heat and mass transfer analogy. By simulating the recombination reactions of H2 and CO inside the catalytic section of the PAR, PARUPM allows studying the effect of CO on transients related to accidents that advance towards the ex-vessel phase. A thorough analysis of the code capabilities by comparing the numerical results with experimental data obtained from the REKO-3 facility has been executed. This analysis allows for establishing the ranges in which the code is validated and to further expands the capabilities of the simulation code which will lead to its coupling with thermal-hydraulic codes in future steps of the project.
Terahertz spectra of electrolyte solutions under applied electric and magnetic fields
Authors: Shen Yan , Li Qingjun , Ding Jing , Wang Guoyang , Zhang Fengxuan , Su Bo , Zhang Cunlin
Published: November 2022

Most biomolecules require an aqueous environment to fully exert their biological activity. However, the rotation mode, vibration mode, and energy associated with the hydrogen bonding network of water are in the terahertz band, resulting in strong absorption. Therefore, it is difficult to detect liquid biological samples using the terahertz technology. Here, a high-transmittance double-layer microfluidic chip was prepared using a cycloolefin copolymer material with high transmittance of terahertz waves. Combined with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, the terahertz spectral characteristics of deionized water, NaCl, NaCO3, and CH3COONa solutions were studied. The changes in the terahertz transmission intensity of these electrolyte solutions under constant electric and magnetic fields were measured. The results show that the terahertz spectra of different sodium salt solutions with the same concentration of 0.9 mol/L are different. Furthermore, the terahertz absorption coefficients of the different electrolyte solutions gradually decrease with the increase of their residence time under the electric field, which is contrary to the results obtained under the external magnetic field. This study provides a new idea for the detection of sodium salt solution and lays a foundation for the development of THz technology.
Simulation study on multiphase behavior of gas-metal-slag in the 260t converter
Authors: Yu Liguo , Feng Lianghua , Nie Di , Liu Yue
Published: November 2022

Taking the 260t BOF steelmaking process as the research object, it is of great significance to study the Gas-metal-slag interaction with oxygen lance. In this paper, a 3D mathematical model is established by using fluent. Through changing some physical parameters of lance height and slag, the impact depth, impact cavity area and energy transfer and flow are analyzed. The numerical results show that with the increase of lance height, the diameter of impact cavity in molten steel becomes larger, but the impact depth decreases. When the lance height is 32de, the area of high speed zone in the molten steel pool is the largest, the energy in oxygen jet is mostly dissipated in the process of reaching the slag level, and the kinetic energy obtained by the slag is only about 14% of the kinetic energy of molten steel. With the increase of slag thickness, the depth and area of the cavity decrease, and the flow of molten steel is restrained. The change of slag viscosity and slag density has little effect on the flow velocity. This study can provide reference and guidance for the regulation and control of the process parameters of converter refining.
Lithium niobate on insulator from classical to quantum photonic devices
Authors: Maeder Andreas , Weigand Helena , Grange Rachel
Published: November 2022

Integrated photonics is becoming more and more multifunctional thanks to the recent availability of an established material, lithium niobate, as thin films of less than 1 micron thickness. Overcoming key fabrication challenges has put this platform on its way to achieve scalability. Here, we show the performances of integrated and free space devices such as electrooptic modulators and active metasurfaces. Finally, we mention possible roles of lithium niobate on insulator in quantum photonics.
Evaluating horizontal mergers in Swedish district courts using plant capacity concepts
Authors: Chen Xiaoqing , Kerstens Kristiaan
Published: November 2022

This contribution investigates the effects of horizontal mergers and acquisitions on the plant capacity utilisation of Swedish district courts over the period 2000–2017. More specifically, we empirically illustrate the decomposition of input-oriented and output-oriented plant capacity utilisation concepts. Moreover, we also explore the impact of convexity on input-oriented and output-oriented measures of plant capacity in the short-run in an attempt to discover the potential rationale behind the merger wave. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to assess horizontal mergers by employing plant capacity utilisation concepts. The results indicate that the horizontal mergers improve plant capacity utilisation. Furthermore, the nonconvex frontier method provides a more conservative estimate of plant capacity changes of this merger wave.
Doubly Switchable Diastereodivergent Strategy Mediated by a Chiral Sulfoxide to Access Disubstituted Tetrahydrocyclopenta­pyranone and Hexahydrocyclopentapyranol Scaffolds via Nazarov Cyclization
Authors: Salom-Roig Xavier J. , Grenet Erwann , van der Lee Arie
Published: November 2022

Activated dienones bearing a chiral sulfoxide were transformed diastereodivergently into the corresponding disubstituted 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-7(2H)-ones. The torquoselectivity of the reaction could be switched by changing the Lewis acid used as promoter. From the four possible stereoisomers, only the two trans were observed. In a second switchable diastereodivergent step, both corresponding diastereomeric 2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-7-ols were obtained via the diastereoselective reduction of the ketone by changing the reducing agent. The Lewis acids as well as the reducing agents employed in both diastereodivergent steps were achiral, the diastereoselectivities being dictated by the sulfinyl auxiliary.
EUS-guided cyanoacrylate injection into the perforating vein versus direct endoscopic injection in the treatment of gastric varices
Authors: Sabry Fady , Seif Seham , Eldesoky Ayman , Hakim Hazem , Altonbary Ahmed Youssef
Published: November 2022

Background and study aims Endoscopic injection of gastric varices (GVs) using cyanoacrylate (CYA) is associated with significant adverse events (AEs). We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided CYA injection into the perforating vein versus direct endoscopic injection (DEI) of CYA in treatment of high-risk GVs.

Patients and methods This was a randomized controlled trial that included 52 patients with high-risk GVs. Group A underwent EUS-guided injection into the perforator vein and Group B underwent DEI of 1 mL CYA. Endoscopic examination and Doppler EUS were repeated after 3 months to confirm eradication. Obliteration by Doppler EUS was considered by absence of Doppler flow within the varix. Repeated injection was performed in the absence of obliteration. Doppler EUS examination was repeated at 3 and 6 months after each injection.

Results Forty-three patients including 27 males and 16 females with mean age 57 years completed the study. Variceal obliteration was achieved during the index session after 3 months in eight of 21 (38.1 %) in group B compared to 17 of 22 (77.2 %) in group A (P = 0.014). There was a significant difference in the amount of CYA needed to achieve obliteration in group B compared to group A (2 vs.1 mL, P = 0.027). There was no statistically significant difference in the overall AE rate between group A and group B (4.5 % vs. 14.3 %, P = 0.345).

Conclusions EUS-guided CYA injection into the perforating veins achieved less amount of CYA, fewer number of sessions to obliteration, and similar overall AE rates in the treatment of high-risk GVs compared to DEI.
Thoracolumbar Spinal Stabilization with Three Dimensional-Printed Drill Guides and Pre-Contoured Polyaxial Bone Plates
Authors: Gilman Oliver , Escauriaza Leticia , Ogden Dan , Vandenberghe Helene , Roper Darren , Oxley Bill , Granger Nicolas
Published: November 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to report new preoperative and intraoperative techniques performed for canine thoracic or lumbar spine kyphosis stabilization using three-dimensional-printed patient-specific drill guides, polyaxial titanium bone plates and drill stops, and to determine the accuracy of screw placement using these techniques.

Study Design Retrospective study, five client-owned dogs.

Results Three-dimensional-printed patient-specific drill guides and drill stops allowed safe drilling and screw placement in all of the cases, with (i) 84% of the screws graded as I (ideal placement) and 16% as IIa, IIIa or IIIb according to the modified Zdichavsky classification (partial penetration of medial pedicle wall, partial penetration of lateral pedicle wall and full penetration of lateral pedicle wall respectively), (ii) mean mediolateral deviation of ± 4.06 degrees (standard deviation: 8.21 degrees) compared to planned trajectories and (iii) variation in screw depth of ± 2.29mm (standard deviation: 3.07mm) compared to planned depth.

Conclusion We believe that the techniques presented here for thoracic spinal stabilization in dogs show promise; they allowed safe placement of screws along planned trajectories and depth; they also removed the need to use polymethylmethacrylate, while the use of titanium offers the possibility to repeat magnetic resonance imaging in these cases with chronic spinal conditions.
Variability in Clinician Awareness of Intravenous Fluid Administration in Critical Illness: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gorga Stephen M. , Sliwicki Alexander L. , Sturza Julie , Carlton Erin F. , Barbaro Ryan P. , Basu Rajit K.
Published: November 2022

Intravenous (IV) fluids are commonly administered to critically ill children, but clinicians lack effective guidance for the correct dose and duration of therapy resulting in variation of prescribing habits which harm children. It is unknown if clinicians recognize the amount of IV fluid that patients receive. We aimed to determine clinician's accuracy in the identification of the volume of IV fluids patients will receive over the next 24 hours. Prospective cohort study enrolled all patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) from May to August 2021 at the University of Michigan's C.S. Mott Children's Hospital PICU. For each patient, clinicians estimated the volume of IV fluid that patients will receive in the next 24 hours. The primary outcome was accuracy of the estimation defined as predicted volume of IV fluids versus actual volume administered within 10 mL/kg or 500 mL depending on patient's weight. We tested for differences in accuracy by clinician type using chi-square tests. There were 259 patients for whom 2,295 surveys were completed by 177 clinicians. Clinicians' estimates were accurate 48.8% of the time with a median difference of 10 (1–26) mL/kg. We found that accuracy varied between clinician type: bedside nurses were most accurate at 64.3%, and attendings were least accurate at 30.5%. PICU clinicians have poor recognition of the amount of IV fluids their patients will receive in the subsequent 24-hour period. Estimate accuracy varied by clinician's role and improved over time, which may suggest opportunities for improvement.
Wilms Tumor in India: A Systematic Review
Authors: Srinivasan Shyam , Ramanathan Subramaniam , Prasad Maya
Published: November 2022

Background Cure rates of childhood malignancies are inferior in India compared with upper-middle-income countries. There is paucity of quality data addressing outcome of childhood Wilms tumor (WT) from India. This systematic review was conducted to assess the disease trends, treatment strategies, and outcome indicators in WT across India.

Materials and Methods We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS database, and additionally screened International Society of Pediatric Oncology conference abstracts. Data concerning WT or nephroblastoma published from India were extracted.

Results A total of 17 studies containing 1,170 patients were included in this review. Ninety-four percent of the studies were published after the year 2010. Advanced stage (III and IV) disease was seen in 46% of included patients. In seven studies, patients underwent a pretreatment biopsy before commencement of therapy. A hybrid approach consisting of “surgery first” in a selected subset and “neo-adjuvant chemotherapy” in all others was the most common treatment strategy adopted in half of the studies. The overall survival ranged between 48 and 89%. Key prognostic factors influencing survival across studies included increased tumor volume, metastatic disease, and unfavorable histology. Nonrelapse mortality (2.7–8.5%) was noted to be high.

Conclusion Substantial proportion of children with WT from India present with advanced stages of the disease. Despite several limitations, the current systematic review showed a modest survival among Indian children with WT. Adopting strategies through collaboration to ensure early access to expert care along with involvement of social support team to improve compliance may further improve survival of WT in India.
Great Toe Transplantation
Authors: Forte Antonio J. , Maita Karla C. , Torres-Guzman Ricardo A. , Avila Francisco R. , Safa Bauback , Buncke Gregory , Buntic Rudolph , Watt Andrew
Published: November 2022

Despite being relatively uncommon in the general population, thumb amputations cause severe disability. More than 3,300 thumb amputations occurred in the United States. The thumb makes up around 40% of the function of the hand. Therefore, losing it would result in significant medical, hospital, and societal costs. Thumb reconstruction surgery's primary goal is to restore grip strength, including the range of motion, fine and tripod pinch, power grasp, strength, and sensibility, while secondary goals include restoring hand aesthetics. In cases of thumb replantation, like-for-like replacement is possible; however, when thumb replantation is not possible, great toe-to-hand transplantation is the best available reconstruction. When compared with other reconstructive options such as osteoplastic thumb reconstruction, pollicization, second toe transplantation, and the use of a thumb prosthesis, great toe transplantation provides superior function and aesthetics. For restoring pinch, sensitivity, strength, and aesthetics of the hand with well-tolerated donor site morbidity, toe to thumb transplantation is regarded as the gold standard.
Synoptic-scale atmospheric cyclones in the South-East Tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO) and their relation to IOD variability
Authors: Kavi Ankit , Kämpf Jochen
Published: November 2022

This study focuses on the regional wind variability that controls the intensity of cold-water upwelling off Sumatra – a key feature of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Our analysis of daily atmospheric data reveals the existence of convectively triggered synoptic-scale atmospheric cyclones in the South-East Tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO). The northern branch of the cyclones corresponds to westerly equatorial wind events, whereas the eastern branch involves north-westerly winds that operate to suppress cold-water upwelling off Sumatra’s west coast. Data for the period 1988–2022 show that 5–9 SETIO cyclones normally form each year during the boreal summer–autumn season, effectively suppressing upwelling in the region. In contrast, there are only few (1–2) cyclone events in years identified as positive phases of the IOD, when the absence of cyclones concurs with the development of strong coastal upwelling off Sumatra. Our findings suggest that the absence or presence of SETIO cyclones contributes to IOD variability.
Tvær blækur labba inn á bar
Authors: Markússon Jón Símon
Published: November 2022

This article examines the limited productivity of a minimally schematic Icelandic microclass, originally containing bók ‘book’, bót ‘patch’, brók ‘trousers’, nót ‘fishing net’, and rót ‘root’ only. Productivity is betrayed by the addition of feminine blók ‘nonentity’ and forms of neuter kók ‘Coke™’. While plural nominative/accusative blækur and kækur speak to the productivity of the microclass specifically, doublet forms in both paradigms follow multiple inflection classes. Some are of the opinion that plural kækur belies real language use, as it is only used for humorous effect. The current paper applies a usage-based cognitive analysis to the relevant data with two objectives. First, to account for graded membership in the microclass as a function of limited productivity. Secondly, to demonstrate that innovative kækur and blækur are deduced by identical means. It is concluded that productivity is a property of language use, which is posited as a function of analogy.