bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Judicial Solicitude for State Dignity
Authors: Caminker Evan H.
Published: July 2017

The Supreme Court's recent decisions holding that Congress cannot authorize individuals to sue states proclaim that such sovereign immunity serves the states' "dignitary interests" by emphasizing "the respect owed them as members of the federation." What is the interpretive significance of the Court's apparent references to the social meaning of suits against states? This article explores whether the Court's professed concern with maintaining state dignity might be justificatory rather than rhetorical, with the Court invalidating statutes subjecting unconsenting states to private suit because those statutes entailed social meanings that contravene federalism values. Specifically, various expressivist rationales for the Court's sovereign immunity jurisprudence are sketched, and it is suggested that each rationale confronts significant difficulties that undermine the propriety of expressivist reasoning in this context.
The Right Rights? Child Labor in a Globalizing World
Authors: Myers William E.
Published: July 2017

This article examines some important aspects of the current international debate regarding how to apply concepts of children's rights to child labor. It begins with the question of what, and whose, ideas about children and childhood provide the foundation for globalized children's rights norms, looking into concerns that international child labor policies may be unjustly dominated by European and North American values and ideas at the expense of more representative worldviews. From this perspective, it then reviews the three main international conventions dealing with child labor, discussing certain ideological and strategic differences between them and tracing in their history a gradual movement away from the dominance of Northern ethnocentrism and toward more culturally inclusive and flexible formulations of children's rights standards.
Approaches to Children's Work and Rights in Nepal
Authors: Baker Rachel , Hinton Rachel
Published: July 2017

Current economic and political trends present particular challenges for countries dealing with the development of industry without the social infrastructure needed to uphold citizens' rights. As free trade demands competitiveness in global markets, so the demand for cheap labor rises. This has specific implications for children. This article argues that despite new legislation to fulfil the requirements of international mandates (such as the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child and International Labor Organization Convention 182 on the worst forms of child labor), rights-based programming does not sufficiently incorporate the perspectives of poor children and their family members. This article draws on recent ethnographic research that pioneered a collaborative model in which government, voluntary, private, and trade union organizations conducted research to compare the impact of current approaches to child labor on the livelihoods of working children. It shows that in failing to incorporate sociocultural understanding in program planning, services fail to maximize their potential in offering children opportunities to end the cycle of poverty.
Fallacies of Welfare-to-Work Policies
Authors: Albelda Randy
Published: July 2017

One main effort of welfare reform is to replace public assistance with earnings. To date, politicians and welfare reform advocates have applauded the efforts and claimed success. However, lurking at the surface of welfare-to-work policies are serious problems and structural impediments. Lack of jobs, low pay, job-readiness, and difficulties in securing ancillary supports like transportation and child care are obvious problems that are not easily resolved. However, a deeper and usually unaddressed problem is that the jobs low-income women take (or need) are not mother ready. Full-time low-wage work does not provide enough income to support families, nor does it accommodate the demands that full-time parents have. These problems plague welfare-to-work efforts and make life very difficult for poor, single-mother families. At the same time, they create an opportunity to consider the value of caregiving work and to reform the nature of low-wage work.
Violating Women: Rights Abuses in the Welfare Police State
Authors: Mink Gwendolyn
Published: July 2017

The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program subordinates recipients to a series of requirements, sanctions, and stacked incentives aimed at rectifying their personal choices and family practices. In exchange for welfare, TANF recipients must surrender or compromise their vocational freedom, sexual privacy, and reproductive choice, as well as the right to make intimate decisions about how to be and raise a family. As TANF's foremost objective is to restore the patriarchal family, numerous provisions promote marriage and paternal headship while frustrating childbearing and child-raising rights outside of marriage. Implementation decisions and a new wave of welfare reform underscore the centrality of marriage in welfare policy. The current thrust of welfare policy en courages poor mothers to be dependent on men, punishes them for independence, and withholds the material recognition necessary to sustain independence.
The Campbell Collaboration Crime and Justice Group
Authors: Farrington David P. , Petrosino Anthony
Published: July 2017

Systematic reviews use rigorous methods for locating, appraising, and synthesizing evidence from prior evaluation studies. They have explicit objectives, explicit criteria for including or excluding studies, and a structured and detailed report. The Campbell Collaboration Crime and Justice Group aims to prepare and maintain systematic reviews of criminological interventions and to make them accessible electronically to scholars, practitioners, policy makers, and the general public. The major challenges include setting methodological criteria for including studies in reviews, securing continued funding, academics needing publications in scholarly journals, and coping with the volume of work needed to maintain high standards, including refereeing proposals and final reviews and dealing with correspondence and unsolicited proposals. The aim of making the best knowledge about the effectiveness of criminological interventions immediately available to everyone is ambitious and very important.
Toward an Evidence-Based Approach to Preventing Crime
Authors: Welsh Brandon C. , Farrington David P.
Published: July 2017

This article brings together the main conclusions from the previous articles in this issue and identifies priorities for moving toward an evidence-based approach to preventing crime. The Campbell Collaboration Crime and Justice Group has begun the important task of preparing systematic reviews of the effectiveness of a wide range of criminological interventions. Alongside the Campbell initiative, a program of research of new crime prevention and intervention experiments and quasi-experiments needs to be launched. Efforts must also be made to confront the challenges of getting research evidence into policy and practice. Here, political and policy considerations need to be faced.
Cross-National Variation in Educational Preparation for Adulthood: From Early Adolescence to Young Adulthood
Authors: Lippman Laura
Published: July 2017

This article presents key indicators of educational and employment success for adolescents and young adults preparing for adulthood in representative OECD countries. Nations are compared on mathematics achievement, educational attainment, literacy, and unemployment, as well as on national expenditures for education circa 1995. Nations with high-performing students on mathematics assessments are found also to have high levels of literacy in their population, and high rates of graduation from secondary school. National rates of tertiary degree attainment, however, appear to be unrelated to national performance on mathematics and literacy assessments in the countries studied. Indicators of educational performance in the countries studied did not track either an indicator of national investment in education or an indicator of success of young adults in the labor market, which may be more related to country economic cycles and labor force characteristics.
Crime, Problem Drinking, and Drug Use: Patterns of Problem Behavior in Cross-National Perspective
Authors: Eisner Manuel
Published: July 2017

Previous studies on cross-national patterns of crime and problem behavior have focused primarily on homicide. This article proposes that cross-national research should pay more attention to broadly based measures of various types of problem behavior. By combining different types of sources, I derive measures for four types of problem behavior, namely violent crime, property crime, alcohol abuse, and drug use for a sample of thirty-seven countries. Analysis of these data first shows that, at the level of cross-national comparison, different manifestations of problem behavior do not constitute a single underlying dimension. Rather, a cluster analysis reveals several groups of countries with similar configurations of problem behavior. Many Anglo-American countries, for example, were found to belong to a cluster with a high likelihood of various kinds of problem behavior associated with the transition from adolescence to early adulthood. High levels of violence characterize many Eastern European countries. Further analyses show that distinct types of problem behavior correlate with different contextual variables. Violence is found to be high in countries characterized by great social inequality, low levels of social control, and widespread material poverty. Drug use and alcohol abuse among young people, in contrast, is frequent in highly urbanized, highly affluent contexts where lifestyles are leisure-time oriented.
Institutional Variation and the Position of Young People: A Comparative Perspective
Authors: Breen Richard , Buchmann Marlis
Published: July 2017

The articles in this issue report on a variety of young people's behaviors and attitudes, drawn from a wide range of countries. An obvious challenge to which these findings give rise is to explain the differences between countries in these attitudes and behaviors. In this article, we look to institutional variation to supply an answer. Institutions establish a set of opportunities and constraints to which young people respond, but they also reflect, and help to establish, normatively appropriate ways of behaving. We conceptualize institutional variation in terms of welfare regime types, labor market regulation, and educational systems, and we try to sketch some of the ways in which variations in these might explain some national differences in some aspects of the position of young people and the transition from youth to adulthood.
Globalization and Democracy: A New "Great Transformation"?
Authors: Munck Ronaldo
Published: July 2017

The relationship between democracy and development is (re)considered to set the scene for the pressing contemporary issue of how globalization might affect democracy and vice versa. To move beyond simplistic binary oppositions, we turn to the work of Karl Polanyi who famously posited a dual movement of market expansion on one hand matched by increasing social control over it on the other hand. We see how globalization, at one and the same time, creates a growing process of social exclusion within and between nations but also the social movements that will contest it and seek to democratize it.
Democracy and the Transnational Capitalist Class
Authors: Sklair Leslie
Published: July 2017

While globalization means many different things to many different people, there is growing consensus that capitalist globalization is its most powerful contemporary form. This article argues that capitalist globalization, and thus effective power in the global system, is increasingly in the hands of a transnational capitalist class (TCC) comprising four fractions: those who own and control the major corporations and their local affiliates, globalizing bureaucrats and politicians, globalizing professionals, and consumerist elites. The TCC engages in a variety of activities that take place at all levels, including community, urban, national, and global politics, and involve many different groups of actors. Two sets of questions are addressed : (1) What forms do these activities take? and (2) Do they enhance or undermine democracy? The role of the TCC is analyzed through brief case studies on Codex Alimentarius and the global tobacco industry.
Policy Paradigms, Ideas, and Interests: The Case of the French Public Health Policy toward Drug Abuse
Authors: Bergeron Henri , Kopp Pierre
Published: July 2017

The goal of this article is to analyze (1) how and why French public policy of care to drug users remained until 1995 a policy primarily curative, devoted only to proven drug addicts, directed toward abstinence, and mobilizing mainly the psychotherapeutic techniques inspired by the psychoanalytical paradigm, whereas the majority of the other European countries, answering to the brutal epidemic of AIDS, had, as of the middle of the eighties, started a palliative policy of risk reduction envisaging, among other measurements, the massive distribution of substitute products such as methadone and (2) how and why France brutally revised its positions, in the middle of the nineties, to adopt a policy of harm reduction and by doing this aligned itself, more or less, with the orientations followed by the other European countries. This analysis led the authors to test some of the political science approaches that stress the role of ideas in policy-making processes.
Policy Paradox: Implications of U.S. Drug Control Policy for Jamaica
Authors: Jones Marlyn J.
Published: July 2017

U.S. drug control policies impose supply reduction targets on source and transit nations without regard for their social, economic, or political environments. Simultaneously, immigration policies deport drug felons to these countries. This article advances the argument that these policies have displaced responsibility for U.S. crime problems. As a result, there is displacement of criminal activities to areas of least resistance, with drug transit nations being disproportionately affected. The article addresses, in part, the paucity of drug policy literature on the Caribbean drug transit region. It discusses the nexus between U.S. drug and immigration policies and the resulting consequences for Jamaica, a drug transit country. Jamaica is of special interest because of its long-standing presence on the U.S. drug policy agenda and its stereotyping in journalistic discussions.
Mexico's War on Drugs: No Margin for Maneuver
Authors: Chabat Jorge
Published: July 2017

Illegal drugs threaten the Mexican governance because of the corruption they generate. The Mexican government has been fighting this threat for years in a context of institutional weakness and strong pressures from the United States. The fact that Mexico is a natural supplier of illegal drugs to the biggest market in the world, the United States, puts the Mexican government in a very complex situation with no alternatives other than to continue fighting drugs with very limited institutional and human resources. In this process, Mexico has no margin for maneuver to change the parameters of the war on drugs.
The Price of Freedom: Illegal Drug Markets and Policies in Post-Soviet Russia
Authors: Paoli Letizia
Published: July 2017

In its difficult transition to democracy and a market economy, Russia has experienced a veritable boom of illegal markets, specifically the drug market. Drawing on the results of a study conducted on behalf of the United Nations, the first part of the article reconstructs the expansion of illegal drug consumption and trade in Russia since the collapse of the Soviet Union. It points, in particular, to the rapid diffusion of heroin, a substance that was virtually unknown in the former Soviet Union. The second part of the article reviews the measures taken by the Russian government to tackle illegal drug use and trafficking. It concludes that--as much as in the United States--the Russian drug policy is focused on supply reduction, whereas more funds and energies should be invested on the demand side for drug prevention, treatment, and harm reduction.
Money Laundering and Its Regulation
Authors: Levi Michael
Published: July 2017

This article examines definitions of "money laundering" and the conceptual and actual role its regulation plays in dealing with drug markets. If laundering is prevented, incentives to become major criminals are diminished. It identifies and critiques three aspects of harm arising from laundering: facilitating crime groups' expansion, corroding financial institutions, and extent. After a discussion of laundering techniques used with drug money, including the symbiotic relationship with some otherwise legitimate ordinary businesses, the article examines the history of public- and private-sector antilaundering policies and their implementation in the United States and globally. It concludes that much detected laundering involves the same out-of-place judgments the police use, but though the proportion of routine and suspicious activity reports that yield arrests may be low, they do generate some important enforcement actions. Nevertheless, the impact of antilaundering efforts on enforcement resources, organized crime markets, or drug consumption levels remains modestly understood at present.
Policy, the Public, and Priorities in Alternative Medicine Research
Authors: Jonas Wayne B.
Published: July 2017

The political and social dynamics around unconventional or complementary and alternative medical practices has shifted from marginalization to a struggle for control of definitions and priorities. These practices have arisen because of public rather than professional or scientific interest. Conventional medicine has made significant gains in health care for acute disease, translating basic science into diagnostic and therapeutic value, and improving public health. These gains have been accompanied by high costs, depersonalization, and side effects. Complementary medicine has aligned with public preferences for more natural, lower-cost, and more holistic health care practices. Attempts to integrate the concepts and practices of complementary and alternative medicine into biomedicine present significant challenges for determining how language, funding, and standards of evidence are established. The author outlines some of the issues that arise in the struggle to integrate these practices into biomedicine and suggests some criteria for establishing priorities when funding research in complementary and alternative medicine.
The Emerging Socioeconomic and Political Support for Alternative Medicine in the United States
Authors: Goldstein Michael S.
Published: July 2017

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasingly utilized and accepted by patients and providers throughout the American health care system. Most accounts attribute this growing acceptability to the shortcomings of conventional medicine, the appeal of CAM's core beliefs, and the growing body of research indicating that CAM actually works. These explanations, while all accurate to some degree, neglect the extent to which CAM's recent success is due to economic and political factors. This article describes the emerging relationship between CAM and major economic actors (pharmaceutical firms, managed care companies, insurance companies, media conglomerates, Internet providers, etc.) as well as CAM's relationship with a range of political forces (political parties, bureaucrats, lobbying groups, ethnic- and gender-based movements and organizations, etc.). The convergence of interests between these economic and political forces and many of CAM's goals is one important reason for CAM's recent success.
Asian Medicine in America: The Ayurvedic Case
Authors: Reddy Sita
Published: July 2017

Ayurveda, the classical South Asian medical tradition, was first introduced to American audiences in the mid-1980s as a holistic alternative to biomedical orthodoxy. This article argues that transplanted Ayurveda is shaped not only by aspects of American medical culture, but by millennial, heterodox elements of American religious culture, such as the loose cluster of beliefs and practices known as the New Age. Because New Age Ayurvedic practices occupy the ideological and statutory middle ground between medicine and metaphysics, they face a unique professionalizing dilemma: whether to present themselves as healing religions or as practicing branches of medicine. Drawing on an ethnographic study of this professionalizing dilemma in legal, clinical and popular arenas, this article shows that New Age Ayurveda--far from being a monolith--reveals a wide-ranging plurality of sub-traditions in practice. Taken together, they suggest multiple modes of reinvention and a variety of professionalizing routes that Ayurveda follows other than licensing and institutional credentialization.
Remodeling the Arsenal of Chinese Medicine: Shared Pasts, Alternative Futures
Authors: Scheid Volker
Published: July 2017

The discourse on alternative medicine assumes that medical practices exist as distinctive medical systems that compete with each other in plural health care systems. Anthropological and historical research clearly demonstrates, however, that this is not so. Many so-called traditional medicines are revealed as inventions of distinctly modern regimes of knowledge and institutional practice, while the political needs of healers and the epistemological desires of researchers converge in the construction of distinctive medical practices for description, classification, and comparison. This article draws on genealogy as a possible way out of this impasse. It shows how different generations of physicians of Chinese medicine employed the same four core concepts to reflect on their practice, imbuing them with ever new meanings to relate them to the changing demands of clinical and political practice. Examining these core concepts reveals something about the essence of Chinese medicine without reducing our analysis to a misguided search for cultural essences.
Traditional Medicine in Africa
Authors: Romero-Daza Nancy
Published: July 2017

Traditional medicine is the main, and often the only, source of medical care for a great proportion of the population of the developing world. Systems of traditional medicine are usually rooted in long-standing cultural traditions, take a holistic approach to health, and are community based. The World Health Organization has long recognized the central role traditional systems of care can play in efforts to provide primary health care, especially in rural areas. This article provides an overview of national policies adopted by African governments following World Health Organization recommendations for the incorporation of traditional and allopathic systems of care.
Staying Healthy: Evangelism and Health Perception Differences by Gender in a Guatemalan Marketplace
Authors: Whiteford Michael B.
Published: July 2017

This study examines the health status of market vendors in Antigua, Guatemala. Two general questions are raised. First, do women evaluate their health status differentially from men? Second, in a country where religious conversion is one of the principal aspects of social change today, does religious preference influence how individuals look at their own well-being? Specifically, we will evaluate differences in health between Roman Catholics and Evangelical Protestants. Significant differences between men and women exist. Men rate their health status routinely as being better than women's, and overall they feel that their health has improved during the past year. Religion plays an important role in shaping the social construction of medical well-being among Antiguan market vendors. To a significant degree, Evangelical Protestants regard their health situation more favorably than do their Roman Catholic counterparts.
Popular Epidemiology in Three Contaminated Communities
Authors: Clapp Richard W.
Published: July 2017

Citizens of contaminated communities concerned about their health occasionally choose to conduct a health study to learn more about their community and to stimulate action by government or other institutions. Public health scientists can learn from the citizens' knowledge of local conditions, citizens can learn the strengths and limitations of health surveys, and communities can be empowered to prevent future harm from toxic exposures. This article describes three examples of popular epidemiology studies in the United States, presents completed or preliminary data, and summarizes lessons learned.
Environmental Justice Organizing for Environmental Health: Case Study on Asthma and Diesel Exhaust in Roxbury, Massachusetts
Authors: Loh Penn , Sugerman-Brozan Jodi
Published: July 2017

This article examines how environmental health problems have been addressed from an environmental justice perspective in a low-income community of color in Boston. The disparate impact of environmentally related diseases on low-income people and people of color are the result of deeply rooted racial and class injustices. The authors examine a case study of youth who, out of concern about high asthma rates, organized to clean up diesel exhaust from transit buses. In this case, scientific uncertainty about multiple, dispersed causes demanded a problem frame broader than one that identifies and addresses a single cause. Environmental justice expands the frame to ask, Why are there so many risk factors? What rights do we have to a healthy environment? and Who decides what is to be done? The environmental justice approach goes beyond treating individuals to changing the underlying environmental conditions causing these illnesses.
Policy Issues in Environmental Health Disputes
Authors: Brown Phil , Zavestoski Stephen , Mayer Brian , McCormick Sabrina , Webster Pamela S.
Published: July 2017

This article compares the state of policies concerning three different diseases/conditions with putative environmental factors: asthma, breast cancer, and Gulf War-related illnesses. By comparing the state of four different types of policies--research funding, regulations, compensation/treatment, and citizen participation--the authors demonstrate the dynamic relationship between policies and health social movements. They identify four factors that shape policy for these three diseases: the science base supporting the environmental causation hypothesis, prevalence and perception of risk, the sources of support for the environmental causation hypothesis, and the strength of health social movements. All four factors contribute to policy outcomes, but they find the strength of health social movements to be particularly important for the three diseases they examine. In some cases, social movement activity can be more important than the strength of the science base in terms of policy outcome success.
Emotional Labor in Service Work
Authors: Leidner Robin
Published: July 2017

Emotional labor is crucial to the performance of interac tive service work, jobs that involve direct interaction with customers or clients. In such jobs, employers frequently try to manage the emotions of their workers, while workers try to control the emotional responses of service recipients. Management techniques for directing and monitoring interactive service workers extend managerial control to aspects of workers' selves usually considered outside of the scope of employer intervention. Bureaucratic controls are also extended beyond the boundaries of the organization through the management of customer behavior. While workers and consumers derive some benefits from the routinization of service interactions, its instrumental approach to human personality and social interaction raises troubling moral issues.
Emotional Demands at Work: A Job Content Analysis
Authors: Steinberg Ronnie J. , Figart Deborah M.
Published: July 2017

Using qualitative and quantitative evidence from studies of several occupations in the public sector, the authors evaluate dimensions of emotional labor in the content of work performed by registered nurses, police officers, and managers. Two indexes are constructed to measure a range of emotional skills and demands found in these historically female and male jobs. The authors find that the emotional labor required of police officers and registered nurses is comparable despite the cultural ideology that portrays these jobs as requiring gender-specific skills. The authors demonstrate the utility and increased accuracy of using an augmented conceptualization of emotional labor to measure what employees actually do in performing their jobs. It is proposed that those studying emotional labor abandon their reliance on preconceived stereotypes of femininity when studying emotional labor, especially in service sector jobs.
American Voluntarism, Social Capital, and Political Culture
Authors: Rich Paul
Published: July 2017

Robert Putnam has suggested that membership in American voluntary associations has declined in recent decades. The contention now has been challenged by various writers. The historical evidence indicates that associations come and go, reflecting changes in society. Using specific examples to prove there is a malaise that threatens democracy is a risky business. Some associations have simply failed to meet the needs of a better-educated, more discriminating public and have paid the price. A Darwinian process of selection goes on all the time among the many thousands of American groups. Different kinds of voluntarism are constantly being invented. For example, the Internet and World Wide Web have created a whole new voluntary world, which is just beginning to find its voice. This underlines the need for a more detailed examination of the issues and the data than has been the case.
Civil Society and NAFTA: Initial Results
Authors: Robey John S.
Published: July 2017

This article attempts to examine the initial results of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). It is a preliminary review of examples of the successes and the failures of this historic agreement. The review leads to the conclusion that NAFTA has not been as successful as many had hoped. The usual economic reason given is the devaluation of the peso, but in this article, it is argued that the devaluation was the result of not only economic conditions but also cultural ones. The lack of intermediate groups between the state and the family as well as the lack of social capital has played a significant role in the economic development (or lack thereof) of Mexico. If NAFTA is to succeed, it may be that more attention must be given to creating the civil society.
Civil Society and Political Elections: A Culture of Distrust?
Authors: Schedler Andreas
Published: July 2017

After a long history of electoral fraud and especially after the fraudulent and conflictive presidential elections of 1988, Mexicans entered the 1990s with deep skepticism toward political elections. In the present decade, however, government and opposition parties have agreed to several profound electoral reforms that have succeeded in bringing fraud under control. How have Mexican citizens reacted to these institutional changes? Have they hibernated under the protective cover of an unchanging culture of distrust? Alternatively, have they adapted their expectations and perceptions of electoral fraud to the new democratic realities? The present article supports the hypothesis of change. Through analysis of data from various opinion polls, it arrives at an optimistic picture: trust in elections has steadily increased since 1988. Yet this optimism is diminished by a note of caution: more recent surveys indicate that distrust may be reemerging in the face of the critical presidential elections of the year 2000.
Civil Society and Attitudes: The Virtues of Character
Authors: Cíntora Armando
Published: July 2017

It is argued that the new globalized economy increasingly requires more specialized and better-trained individuals. Without adequate qualifications, it is extremely difficult to have a quality job, or even any job, in the new world market. Some cultures give a high value to formal education and the virtues of character that a long process of education require. On the other hand, traditional mainstream Mexican culture seems to be dysfunctional in terms of economic competition, because it does not put enough value on education and the virtues of character such as self-discipline and responsibility that a long process of schooling requires. The author concludes that if Mexicans desire to compete successfully in the new globalized economy, they require a cultural revolution.
The Aztec States-Society: Roots of Civil Society and Social Capital
Authors: Almazán Marco A.
Published: July 2017

This article argues in favor of a new image of pre-Hispanic politics in Mesoamerica by positing the existence of an Aztec states-society during the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. This society was based on a series of common assumptions, interests, and institutions that fostered a close degree of cooperation between member states.
Ritual and Community Networks Among Laborer Groups in Mexico
Authors: Lazcano Olga , Barrientos Gustavo
Published: July 2017

As a symbolic act of cultural reproduction and re-elaboration of networks of community cohesion, so crucial to civic society at times of discontinuity of the social sense, ritual provides a temporary but necessary reorientation of the daily lives of industrial workers of Nahua origin in the Puebla-Tlaxcala region. This community phenomenon contrasts with the purpose of ritual connected to the workplace, where reaffirmation of identity as a worker is accentuated, subsuming ethnic identity and enhancing cohesion within the labor group and the factory. It is in this dual context that ritual be comes an intermediary in a sincretic process of both community and worker cohesion and ethnic and worker identity. What is important, then, is to distinguish between the two types of ritual, analyzed within the inter- and extra-workplace sphere of interaction, and the different symbols found in each. The purpose of this article is to present such an analysis using the voice of blue-collar workers.
Diffusion of Pollution Prevention Policy
Authors: Durfee Mary
Published: July 2017

Prevention is growing in importance as a method of reducing industrial pollution, though it is by no means easy to do. Diffusion of the prevention approach may be enhanced by increasing the risks associated with doing nothing or sticking to control technologies, while providing settings where trust can grow.
On the Efficiency Between Forecasting Models—A Study in the Indian Context
Authors: Datta Lakshmikanta
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we have investigated the relative performances of two types of forecasting models, namely univariate autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and transfer function model, with the help of two Indian economic time series viz. (i) Money Supply (M3 ) and (ii) Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial Workers. Our emperical results show that the efficiency of transfer function model is substantially superior to that of the univariate model.
On Asymptotic Prediction Problems for Multivariate Autoregressive Models in the Unstable Nonexplosive Case
Authors: Basu A. K. , Roy S. Sen
Published: July 2017

This paper considers the prediction problems of a k-dimensional, pth order autoregressive process with unstable but non-explosive roots and dependent error variables. The estimated predictor has been shown to be asymptotically equivalent to the optimal predictor. An expression for the meansquare error of the estimated predictor has also been derived .
Factorial Designs for Qualityquantity Interaction
Authors: Bose Mausumi , Mukerjee Rahul
Published: July 2017

Considering factorial designs for quality-quantity interaction, necessnry and sufficient conditions for inter—and intra-effect orthogonality have been derived. Some methods of construction are also indicated.
On the Non-Null Distribution of Anova F-Ratio in One Way Unbalanced Random Model
Authors: Singh B.
Published: July 2017

Expressions for the non-null distribution of analysis of variance F-ratio and the power of F-test in the unbalanced one-way random model have been obtained. The exact values of power of the test have been worked out, numerically, and compared with those obtained by using ( i) the Laguerre polynomial and (ii) the two moments approximations. The computed results reveal that the two moments approximation, for the non-null distribution of F-ratio, is quite good and there is no need for the Laguerre polynomial approimation, which is computationally very tedious for practical applications.
On Fisher's Inequality for Variance Balanced Block Designs
Authors: Saha G. M.
Published: July 2017

A cbaraeteriz1tion of all the connected variance balanced block designs, for which the Fisher's inequality b⩾ v holds, is given.
Local Asymptotic Mixed Normality of Log­Likelihood Based on Stopping Times
Authors: Basu A. K. , Bhattacharya Debasis
Published: July 2017

[Formula: see text]
On the Structure of Third Order Moment and Identification of Bilinear Time Series Model
Authors: Ray D. , Jadhav U. S.
Published: July 2017

Kumar(l986) has proposed the criterion of third order moment for the identification of bilinear time series model and discussed its properties with respect to a simple bilinear model, In this paper, we have derived the explicit expressions of third order moment with respect to two terms diagonal model and discussed their properties in identifying the structure of a diagonal model.
Optimum Tests for Comparison of two Inverse Guassian Shape Parameters
Authors: Parsian A. , Farsipour N. Sanjari
Published: July 2017

In this article we consider the two sample case to eompare shape parameters of two Inverse Gaussian distributions. Optimum test procedures for both one­sides and two­sides cases are derived, in the presence and absence of the nuisance parameters.
Selecting the Better of Two Binomial Populations: Optimal Decision Rules
Authors: Dhariyal I.D. , Misra N. , Rathorb R.K.S.
Published: July 2017

Following Risko (1985), we consider tho problem characterizing minimax rules for selecting the better of two binomial populations with unequal samplesizes. We derive some necessary conditions for a rule to be globally minimax. We verify empirically that the restricted minimax rule of Risko satisfies these conditions.
Ageing Properties of the Time to Extinction of a Multi­Type Branching Process
Authors: Gadag V. G. , Naik­Nimbalkar U. V. , Rajarshi M.B.
Published: July 2017

Bhattacharjee (1987) and Shaked and Shantikumar (1987) have shown that the distribution of the time to extinction T of a sub­critical or a critical Galton­ Watson branching process has a DFR property. We give an example to show that such a property does not hold for a multi­type Galton­ Watson process. ln this note, we further study properties of T for a multitype process. We show that its ultimate failure rate is a constant. In the sub­critical case, it is also shown that its distribution is smaller than the geometric distribution (whose failure rate is the above limiting failure rate), in the sense of likelihood ratio ordering. We then show that the distribution of T in the sub­critical case belongs to the NWOE (New Worse than Old in Expectation) class of distributions.
Optimality of Some Block Designs
Authors: Jacroux Mike , Ray Rita Saha
Published: July 2017

In this paper we consider the determination of optimal designs in experimental situations requiring usage of a block design having v treatments assigned to experimental units arranged in b blocks of size k. Using majorization arguments, a design d* having an incidence matrix of the form [Formula: see text] is optimal under a wide class of optimality criteria.
On Two Products of Fractional Factorial Designs
Authors: Adhikary Basudeb , Das Premadhis
Published: July 2017

Analysis of direct product (DP) of a number of fractional factorial designs (unblocked) has been presented in brief to show that the estimates of the parameters of the new design can be expressed as a suitable (asterisk) product of the estimates of the parameters of the component designs. It has also been proved that the analysis of symbolic product (SP) of the fractional designs (unblocked) can be translated into that of their direct product using pseuo­factors. Also using the above results the Rao's lower bound for the number of level combinations has been improved for a class of orthogonal arrays.
On Estimation and Asymptotic Properties of the Parameters of ARMA (p, q) Process in the Stable Case
Authors: Basu A. K. , Das J. K.
Published: July 2017

In this paper we study asymptotic properties of a class of Least Square estimation procedures of the parameters of an ARMA ( p, q) process in the stable case with independently and identically distributed continuous error variables having finite fourth order moment. We have also utilised the instrumental variabie estimator for autoregressive parameters taking moving-averags innovations. We derive the limiting distributions of the estimators of parameters and illustrate the estimation procedure by a limited simulation.
On the Norming Constants in the Feller-Khintchine-Lévy Central Limit Theorem
Authors: Adler André , Rosalsky Andrew
Published: July 2017

In the Feller-Khintchine-Levy central limit theorem for sums of i,i.d. random variables [Formula: see text] and the function [Formula: see text] dt slowly varying, conditions are given for the norming sequence { Bn, n ⩾ 1} to have the explicit asymptotic representation [Formula: see text]
Some E-Optimal Weighing Designs when N ≡ 2, 3 (mod 4)
Authors: Shenoy R. G. , Sathe Y. S.
Published: July 2017

[Formula: see text]
Optimal Design Within the Class of Equal Group Incomplete Orthogonal Arrays
Authors: Das Premadhis , Chatterjee Banibarna
Published: July 2017

Optimal design with respect to any generalissd criterion of type 1 and type 2 has been obtained within the class of equal group incomplete orthogonal arrays (EGIOA) and it has been seen that an EGIOA with n > 2( m -l) q2, | λ1 - λ1 | = 1 and two groups of levels gives the optimal design.
A Parametric Characterization of of Semi-Regular GD Designs
Authors: Matsumoto Tetsuya , Kageyama Sanpei
Published: July 2017

It is shown that there do not exist semi-regular group divisiblo designs with λ1⩾1 and λ2⩾2 λ1. Other characterizations are given.
A Comment on the Variance of the Uniformly Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator of Reliability Function
Authors: Sathe Y. S.
Published: July 2017

The upper bound for the variance of the uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator of the reliability function for exponential distribution given in Sinha (1989) is shown to be true for any distribution.
Mixture Experiments : All-Variance and Minimum-Bias Designs
Authors: Chakrabarti H. , Mandal N. K.
Published: July 2017

The problem considered is that of finding designs in case of inadequacy in the model of a mixture experiment. Box and Draper (1959) proposed for comparing designs, the Integrated Mean Square Error (IMSE) criterion which is composed of integrated variance and integrated bias. A class of augmented axial designs [Formula: see text] is proposed and is used to find the all-variance and all-bias designs for the first and second degree model.
Construction of Nearly Balanced Uniform Repeated Measurement Designs
Authors: Sarkar Palash , Roy Bimal
Published: July 2017

Nearly balanced uniform repeated measurement designs are defined and construction of such designs when the number of units is less than or equal to the number of treatments and the numbers of periods is less than the number of treatments, is given.

AMS (1980) subject classification : 62K05.
Limit Laws for Power Normalized Partial Maxima of Independent Random Variables Having one of m Specified Distributions
Authors: Ravi S.
Published: July 2017

Suppose [Formula: see text] are independent observations from [Formula: see text] distribution functions. In this paper we discuss the asymptotic behaviour of power normalized partial maxima under some assumptions on the distribution functions.

AMS (2000} Subject Classification: Primary 60F99; Secondary 60E99.
Detailed Statistical Inference – From Multiple Decisions to Confidence Sets – A Non­Bayesian Approach
Authors: Chattopadhyay Gaurangadeb
Published: July 2017

A new approach to detailed statistical inference for the two-decision and multiple decision problem was developed by Chatterjee and Chattopadhyay (1992, 1993). The procedure developed for the multipledecision case is used here to find a solution to, what may be called, the problem of estimation by a ‘confidence set’ when the parameter space is finite. The confidence set problem in which we are required to state a datadependent measure of ‘confidence’ which can be interpreted in terms of betting odds that are ‘optimal’ under repeated experimentation, is considered. A truncated form of utility function is introduced. The case of the truncated form of logarithmic utility function is considered in detail.

AMS {2000} Subject Classification: 62A01, 62F99.
Some Supplemented Row-Column Designs with Varying Replications
Authors: Mehta Santosh Kumari, B.D. , Batra S.D.
Published: July 2017

A series of Row-column designs (RC-designs) in two sets of treatments with varying replications have been constructed by supplementing a set of [Formula: see text] treatments in blank positions of [Formula: see text] row-column design of Agrawal (1966). The [Formula: see text] supplemented treatments are further divided into v1 groups each having v2 treatments and by merging the v2 treatments of each group a series of RC-designs in v1 supplemented treatments has been obtained. The designs have been identified as Simple partially efficiency balanced Row-column designs (SPEB RC-designs).

AMS {2000} Subject Classification: 62K10.
Concomitants of Order Statistics from Marshall and Olkin's Bivariate Weibull Distribution
Authors: Begum Anjuman A. , Khan A. H.
Published: July 2017

The probability density function (pdf) of the rth, 1 ≤ r ≤ n, concomitants of ordered statistics are derived for Marshall and Olkin's bivariate Weibull distribution and their moments are obtained. Also their means and variances are tabulated.

AMS (2000) Subject Classification: 62E15, 62G30.
Generalized Hypergeometric Factorial Moment Distribution of Order k
Authors: Kumar C. Satheesh , Moothathu T. S. K.
Published: July 2017

Here we introduce the generalized hypergeometric functional moment distribution of order k (GHFMD (k)) in the distribution of the random sum [Formula: see text] having Hira no's k-point distribution, where N, independent of X j's, has the generalized hypergeomet ric factorial moment distribution. Well-known discrete distributions of order k such as cluster binomial, cluster negative binomial and extended Poisson are shown to be special cases of GHFMD(k). The probability mass function, recurrence relations for probabilities and factorial moments of GHFMD (k) are found out. The beta or the gamma mixture of GHFMD (k) is shown to be a GHFMD (k). Finally GHFMD (k) is obtained as a limit of another GHFMD (k).

AMS (2000) Subject Classification: Primary 60E05, 60E10; Secondary 33C20.
A Family of Estimators of a Density Using Concomitant Variable and Additional Data
Authors: Singh Housila P.
Published: July 2017

In this paper we have suggested a family of estimators of a density f( y) of a random variable Y based upon a set of observations taken from a bivariate joint density β( x, y) of Y and a suitably chosen concomitant random variable X so that f( y) = ∫ β( x, y) dx. It is shown that the estimator envisaged by Ahmad and Singh (1989) is a particular member of the proposed family. Asymptotic expressions for bias and variance of the proposed family are obtained. Asymptotically optimum estimator (AOE) in the class is also identified.