bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The DNA methylation landscape of the human oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR): data-driven clusters and their relation to gene expression and childhood adversity
Authors: Müller Svenja , Sicorello Maurizio , Moser Dirk , Frach Leonard , Limberg Alicia , Gumpp Anja M. , Ramo-Fernandez Laura , Köhler-Dauner Franziska , Fegert Jörg M. , Waller Christiane , Kumsta Robert , Kolassa Iris-Tatjana
Published: July 2023

The oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) is of interest when investigating the effects of early adversity on DNA methylation. However, there is heterogeneity regarding the selection of the most promising CpG sites to target for analyses. The goal of this study was to determine functionally relevant clusters of CpG sites within the OXTR CpG island in 113 mother-infant dyads, with 58 of the mothers reporting childhood maltreatment (CM). OXTR DNA methylation was analyzed in peripheral/umbilical blood mononuclear cells. Different complexity reduction approaches were used to reduce the 188 CpG sites into clusters of co-methylated sites. Furthermore, associations between OXTR DNA methylation (cluster- and site-specific level) and OXTR gene expression and CM were investigated in mothers. Results showed that, first, CpG sections differed strongly regarding their statistical utility for research of individual differences in DNA methylation. Second, cluster analyses and Partial Least Squares (PLS) suggested two clusters consisting of intron1/exon2 and the protein-coding region of exon3, respectively, as most strongly associated with outcome measures. Third, cross-validated PLS regression explained 7% of variance in CM, with low cross-validated variance explained for the prediction of gene expression. Fourth, substantial mother-child correspondence was observed in correlation patterns within the identified clusters, but only modest correspondence outside these clusters. This study makes an important contribution to the mapping of the DNA methylation landscape of the OXTR CpG island by highlighting clusters of CpG sites that show desirable statistical properties and predictive value. We provide a Companion Web Application to facilitate the choice of CpG sites.
ATAD2 is a driver and a therapeutic target in ovarian cancer that functions by upregulating CENPE
Authors: Guruvaiah Praveen , Chava Suresh , Sun Chiao-Wang , Singh Nirupama , Penn Courtney A. , Gupta Romi
Published: July 2023

Ovarian cancer is a complex disease associated with multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. The emergence of treatment resistance in most patients causes ovarian cancer to become incurable, and novel therapies remain necessary. We identified epigenetic regulator ATPase family AAA domain-containing 2 (ATAD2) is overexpressed in ovarian cancer and is associated with increased incidences of metastasis and recurrence. Genetic knockdown of ATAD2 or its pharmacological inhibition via ATAD2 inhibitor BAY-850 suppressed ovarian cancer growth and metastasis in both in vitro and in vivo models. Transcriptome-wide mRNA expression profiling of ovarian cancer cells treated with BAY-850 revealed that ATAD2 inhibition predominantly alters the expression of centromere regulatory genes, particularly centromere protein E (CENPE). In ovarian cancer cells, changes in CENPE expression following ATAD2 inhibition resulted in cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis induction, which led to the suppression of ovarian cancer growth. Pharmacological CENPE inhibition phenotypically recapitulated the cellular changes induced by ATAD2 inhibition, and combined pharmacological inhibition of both ATAD2 and CENPE inhibited ovarian cancer cell growth more potently than inhibition of either alone. Thus, our study identified ATAD2 as regulators of ovarian cancer growth and metastasis that can be targeted either alone or in combination with CENPE inhibitors for effective ovarian cancer therapy.
Longitudinal tracking of acute kidney injury reveals injury propagation along the nephron
Authors: Bordoni Luca , Kristensen Anders M. , Sardella Donato , Kidmose Hanne , Pohl Layla , Krag Søren Rasmus Palmelund , Schiessl Ina Maria
Published: July 2023

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the underlying mechanisms of failed tubule repair and AKI-CKD transition are incompletely understood. In this study, we aimed for dynamic tracking of tubule injury and remodeling to understand if focal injury upon AKI may spread over time. Here, we present a model of AKI, in which we rendered only half of the kidney ischemic. Using serial intravital 2-photon microscopy and genetic identification of cycling cells, we tracked dynamic tissue remodeling in post- and non-ischemic kidney regions simultaneously and over 3 weeks. Spatial and temporal analysis of cycling cells relative to initial necrotic cell death demonstrated pronounced injury propagation and expansion into non-necrotic tissue regions, which predicted tubule atrophy with epithelial VCAM1 expression. In summary, our longitudinal analyses of tubule injury, remodeling, and fate provide important insights into AKI pathology.
MOF-mediated histone H4 Lysine 16 acetylation governs mitochondrial and ciliary functions by controlling gene promoters
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Li Haimin , Chandel Navdeep S. , Dou Yali , Yi Rui
Published: July 2023

Histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation (H4K16ac), governed by the histone acetyltransferase MOF, orchestrates gene expression regulation and chromatin interaction. However, the roles of MOF and H4K16ac in controlling cellular function and regulating mammalian tissue development remain unclear. Here we show that conditional deletion of Mof in the skin, but not Kansl1, causes severe defects in the self-renewal of basal epithelial progenitors, epidermal differentiation, and hair follicle growth, resulting in barrier defects and perinatal lethality. MOF-regulated genes are highly enriched for essential functions in the mitochondria and cilia. Genetic deletion of Uqcrq, an essential subunit for the electron transport chain (ETC) Complex III, in the skin, recapitulates the defects in epidermal differentiation and hair follicle growth observed in MOF knockout mouse. Together, this study reveals the requirement of MOF-mediated epigenetic mechanism for regulating mitochondrial and ciliary gene expression and underscores the important function of the MOF/ETC axis for mammalian skin development.
Attosecond delays between dissociative and non-dissociative ionization of polyatomic molecules
Authors: Gong Xiaochun , Plésiat Étienne , Palacios Alicia , Heck Saijoscha , Martín Fernando , Wörner Hans Jakob
Published: July 2023

The interplay between electronic and nuclear motions in molecules is a central concept in molecular science. To what extent it influences attosecond photoionization delays is an important, still unresolved question. Here, we apply attosecond electron-ion coincidence spectroscopy and advanced calculations that include both electronic and nuclear motions to study the photoionization dynamics of CH4and CD4molecules. These molecules are known to feature some of the fastest nuclear dynamics following photoionization. Remarkably, we find no measurable delay between the photoionization of CH4and CD4, neither experimentally nor theoretically. However, we measure and calculate delays of up to 20 as between the dissociative and non-dissociative photoionization of the highest-occupied molecular orbitals of both molecules. Experiment and theory are in quantitative agreement. These results show that, in the absence of resonances, even the fastest nuclear motion does not substantially influence photoionization delays, but identify a previously unknown signature of nuclear motion in dissociative-ionization channels. These findings have important consequences for the design and interpretation of attosecond chronoscopy in molecules, clusters, and liquids.
p53 restoration in small cell lung cancer identifies a latent cyclophilin-dependent necrosis mechanism
Authors: Acosta Jonuelle , Li Qinglan , Freeburg Nelson F. , Murali Nivitha , Indeglia Alexandra , Grothusen Grant P. , Cicchini Michelle , Mai Hung , Gladstein Amy C. , Adler Keren M. , Doerig Katherine R. , Li Jinyang , Ruiz-Torres Miguel , Manning Kimberly L. , Stanger Ben Z. , Busino Luca , Murphy Maureen , Wan Liling , Feldser David M.
Published: July 2023

The p53 tumor suppressor regulates multiple context-dependent tumor suppressive programs. Although p53 is mutated in ~90% of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumors, how p53 mediates tumor suppression in this context is unknown. Here, using a mouse model of SCLC in which endogenous p53 expression can be conditionally and temporally regulated, we show that SCLC tumors maintain a requirement for p53 inactivation. However, we identify tumor subtype heterogeneity between SCLC tumors such that p53 reactivation induces senescence in a subset of tumors, while in others, p53 induces necrosis. We pinpoint cyclophilins as critical determinants of a p53-induced transcriptional program that is specific to SCLC tumors and cell lines poised to undergo p53-mediated necrosis. Importantly, inhibition of cyclophilin isomerase activity, or genetic ablation of specific cyclophilin genes, suppresses p53-mediated necrosis by limiting p53 transcriptional output without impacting p53 chromatin binding. Our study demonstrates that intertumoral heterogeneity in SCLC influences the biological response to p53 restoration, describes a cyclophilin-dependent mechanism of p53-regulated cell death, and uncovers putative mechanisms for the treatment of this most-recalcitrant tumor type.
SuPAR mediates viral response proteinuria by rapidly changing podocyte function
Authors: Wei Changli , Datta Prasun K. , Siegerist Florian , Li Jing , Yashwanth Sudhini , Koh Kwi Hye , Kriho Nicholas W. , Ismail Anis , Luo Shengyuan , Fischer Tracy , Amber Kyle T. , Cimbaluk David , Landay Alan , Endlich Nicole , Rappaport Jay ,   Michigan Medicine COVID−19 Investigators, Vasbinder Alexi , Anderson Elizabeth , Catalan Tonimarie , Pizzo Ian , Bitterman Brayden , Erne Grace , Machado-Diaz Kristen , Presswalla Feriel , Nelapudi Namratha , Amadi Kingsley-Michael , Bardwell Alina , Blakely Pennelope , Huang Yiyuan , Banerjee Mousumi , Pop-Busui Rodica , Hayek Salim S. , Reiser Jochen
Published: July 2023

Elevation in soluble urokinase receptor (suPAR) and proteinuria are common signs in patients with moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here we characterize a new type of proteinuria originating as part of a viral response. Inoculation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes increased suPAR levels and glomerulopathy in African green monkeys. Using an engineered mouse model with high suPAR expression, inhaled variants of SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein elicite proteinuria that could be blocked by either suPAR antibody or SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. In a cohort of 1991 COVID-19 patients, suPAR levels exhibit a stepwise association with proteinuria in non-Omicron, but not in Omicron infections, supporting our findings of biophysical and functional differences between variants of SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein and their binding to podocyte integrins. These insights are not limited to SARS-CoV-2 and define viral response proteinuria (VRP) as an innate immune mechanism and co-activation of podocyte integrins.
A green compliant hand-held selective electrode device for monitoring active pharmaceuticals and the kinetics of their degradation
Authors: Badr ElDin Norhan , Dabbish Eslam , Fawaz Esraa , Abd El-Rahman Mohamed K. , Shoeib Tamer
Published: July 2023

An in-line smartphone connected to a screen-printed selective electrode hand-held device was used to determine the concentration of distigmine bromide (DB) in its pure and dosage forms as well as its degradation kinetics by continuously measuring the change in the produced emf over time. The main objective, supported by the data presented, is to produce a highly reliable smartphone integrated selective sensor as a portable analyzer with potential high cloud connectivity combining a wide linear dynamic range, the fastest response time with the lowest limits of detection and quantitation while best integrating green analytical chemistry principles. The choice of ionophore used in this approach was guided by computation and the data obtained was compared with traditional analytical techniques. DB, for which there are no previously reported stability-indicating methods and for which four novel such methods are proposed here, was selected as a model drug for this work. At-line UV-spectrophotometry DB assay was obtained by measuring the difference between the spectra of the degradation product and the same concentration of intact drug. The degradation kinetics were studied by this method through tracking the decrease of DB absorbance and/or the increase of a generated degradation product signal over time. Off-line separation based HPLC and TLC stability-indicating methods for DB were also presented. All methods employed in this work were validated for accuracy, precision, specificity, repeatability, linearity, range, detection and quantification limits according to the ICH guidelines and were applied to the analysis of laboratory prepared mixtures as well as commercial products. While all methods proposed were shown to be highly reliable, the smartphone integrated selective sensor is highlighted as a portable analyzer with potential high cloud connectivity and was shown to combine a wide linear dynamic range, the fastest response time with the lowest limits of detection and quantitation while best integrating green analytical chemistry principles.
Evolutionary games on multilayer networks: coordination and equilibrium selection
Authors: Raducha Tomasz , San Miguel Maxi
Published: July 2023

We study mechanisms of synchronisation, coordination, and equilibrium selection in two-player coordination games on multilayer networks. We investigate three possible update rules: the replicator dynamics (RD), the best response (BR), and the unconditional imitation (UI). Players interact on a two-layer random regular network. The population on each layer plays a different game, with layer I preferring the opposite strategy to layer II. We measure the difference between the two games played on the layers by a difference in payoffs, and the inter-connectedness by a node overlap parameter. We discover a critical value of the overlap below which layers do not synchronise, i.e. they display different levels of coordination. Above this threshold both layers typically coordinate on the same strategy. Surprisingly, there is a symmetry breaking in the selection of equilibrium—for RD and UI there is a phase where only the payoff-dominant equilibrium is selected. It is not observed, however, for BR update rule. Our work is an example of previously observed differences between the update rules. Nonetheless, we took a novel approach with the game being played on two inter-connected layers. As we show, the multilayer structure enhances the abundance of the Pareto-optimal equilibrium in coordination games with imitative update rules.
Enhanced optimization-based method for the generation of patient-specific models of Purkinje networks
Authors: Berg Lucas Arantes , Rocha Bernardo Martins , Oliveira Rafael Sachetto , Sebastian Rafael , Rodriguez Blanca , de Queiroz Rafael Alves Bonfim , Cherry Elizabeth M. , dos Santos Rodrigo Weber
Published: July 2023

Cardiac Purkinje networks are a fundamental part of the conduction system and are known to initiate a variety of cardiac arrhythmias. However, patient-specific modeling of Purkinje networks remains a challenge due to their high morphological complexity. This work presents a novel method based on optimization principles for the generation of Purkinje networks that combines geometric and activation accuracy in branch size, bifurcation angles, and Purkinje-ventricular-junction activation times. Three biventricular meshes with increasing levels of complexity are used to evaluate the performance of our approach. Purkinje-tissue coupled monodomain simulations are executed to evaluate the generated networks in a realistic scenario using the most recent Purkinje/ventricular human cellular models and physiological values for the Purkinje-ventricular-junction characteristic delay. The results demonstrate that the new method can generate patient-specific Purkinje networks with controlled morphological metrics and specified local activation times at the Purkinje-ventricular junctions.
Diet effects on colonic health influence the efficacy of Bin1 mAb immunotherapy for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Thomas Sunil , Dilbarov Nickey , Kelly Joseph , Mercogliano Giancarlo , Prendergast George C.
Published: July 2023

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic disease of the large intestine linked to high fat-high protein diets, a dysbiotic microbiome, and a metabolome linked to diet and/or aberrant circadian rhythms associated with poor sleeping patterns. Understanding diet-affected factors that negatively influence colonic health may offer new insights into how to prevent UC and enhance the efficacy of UC immunotherapy. In this preclinical study, we found that standard or high fiber diets in mice positively influenced their colonic health, whereas a high fat-high protein diet negatively influenced colonic health, consistent with clinical findings. Animals fed a high fat/high protein diet experienced obesity and a reduced colon length, illustrating a phenotype we suggest calling peinosis [hunger-like-condition; Greek, peina: hunger; osis: condition], as marked by a lack of nutrient energy remaining in fecal pellets. Notably, a high fat/high protein diet also led to signs of muscle weakness that could not be explained fully by weight gain. In contrast, mice on a high fiber diet ranked highest compared to other diets in terms of colon length and lack of muscle weakness. That said, mice on a high fiber diet were more prone to UC and toxic responses to immunotherapy, consistent with clinical observations. Recent studies have suggested that a standard diet may be needed to support the efficacy of immunotherapeutic drugs used to prevent and treat UC. Here we observed that protection against UC by Bin1 mAb, a passive UC immunotherapy that acts by coordinately enforcing intestinal barrier function, protecting enteric neurons, and normalizing the microbiome, was associated with increased colonic levels of healthful short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), particularly butyric acid and propionic acid, which help enforce intestinal barrier function. This work offers a preclinical platform to investigate how diet affects UC immunotherapy and the potential of dietary SCFA supplements to enhance it. Further, it suggests that the beneficial effects of passive immunotherapy by Bin1 mAb in UC treatment may be mediated to some extent by promoting increased levels of healthful SCFA.
Hybrid approach for solving real-world bin packing problem instances using quantum annealers
Authors: V. Romero Sebastián , Osaba Eneko , Villar-Rodriguez Esther , Oregi Izaskun , Ban Yue
Published: July 2023

Efficient packing of items into bins is a common daily task. Known as Bin Packing Problem, it has been intensively studied in the field of artificial intelligence, thanks to the wide interest from industry and logistics. Since decades, many variants have been proposed, with the three-dimensional Bin Packing Problem as the closest one to real-world use cases. We introduce a hybrid quantum-classical framework for solving real-world three-dimensional Bin Packing Problems (), considering different realistic characteristics, such as: (1) package and bin dimensions, (2) overweight restrictions, (3) affinities among item categories and (4) preferences for item ordering. permits the solving of real-world oriented instances of 3 dBPP, contemplating restrictions well appreciated by industrial and logistics sectors.
Extremely large area (88 mm × 88 mm) superconducting integrated circuit (ELASIC)
Authors: Das Rabindra N. , Bolkhovsky Vladimir , Wynn Alex , Birenbaum Jeffrey , Golden Evan , Rastogi Ravi , Zarr Scott , Tyrrell Brian , Johnson Leonard M. , Schwartz Mollie E. , Yoder Jonilyn L. , Juodawlkis Paul W.
Published: July 2023

Superconducting integrated circuit is a promising “beyond-CMOS” device technology enables speed-of-light, nearly lossless communications to advance cryogenic (4 K or lower) computing. However, the lack of large-area superconducting IC has hindered the development of scalable practical systems. Herein, we describe a novel approach to interconnect 16 high-resolution deep UV (DUV EX4, 248 nm lithography) full reticle circuits to fabricate an extremely large (88 mm × 88 mm) area superconducting integrated circuit (ELASIC). The fabrication process starts by interconnecting four high-resolution DUV EX4 (22 mm × 22 mm) full reticles using a single large-field (44 mm × 44 mm) I-line (365 nm lithography) reticle, followed by I-line reticle stitching at the boundaries of 44 mm × 44 mm fields to fabricate the complete ELASIC field (88 mm × 88 mm). The ELASIC demonstrated a 2X–12X reduction in circuit features and maintained high-stitched line superconducting critical currents. We examined quantum flux parametron circuits to demonstrate the viability of common active components used for data buffering and transmission. Considering that no stitching requirement for high-resolution EX4 DUV reticles is employed, the present fabrication process has the potential to advance the scaling of superconducting qubits and other tri-layer junction-based devices.
Research on stress curve clustering algorithm of Fiber Bragg grating sensor
Authors: Lin Yisen , Wang Ye , Qu Huichen , Xiong Yiwen
Published: July 2023

The global stress distribution and state parameter analysis of the building's main structure is an urgent problem to be solved in the online state assessment technology of building structure health. In this paper, a stress curve clustering algorithm of fiber Bragg grating stress sensor based on density clustering algorithm is proposed. To solve the problem of large dimension and sparse sample space of sensor stress curve, the distance between samples is measured based on improved cosine similarity. Aiming at the problem of low efficiency and poor effect of traditional clustering algorithm, density clustering algorithm based on mutual nearest neighbor is used to cluster. Finally, the classification of the daily stress load characteristics of the sensor is realized, which provides a basis for constructing the mathematical analysis model of building health. The experimental results show that the stress curve clustering method proposed in this paper is better than the latest clustering algorithms such as HDBSCAN, CBKM, K-mean++,FINCH and NPIR, and is suitable for the feature classification of stress curves of fiber Bragg grating sensors.
Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers as a fluorescent sensor for selective detection of Sudan I in chili powder
Authors: Xu Rui , Lin Jiasheng , Wang Yanjie , Cui Yahan , Ding Lan , Chen Yanhua
Published: July 2023

A novel strategy to design and prepare magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) is proposed in this manuscript for low-cost and fast detection of Sudan I.
Combinatorial extracellular matrix cues with mechanical strain induce differential effects on myogenesis in vitro
Authors: Chan Alex H. P. , Jain Ishita , Oropeza Beu P. , Zhou Tony , Nelsen Brandon , Geisse Nicholas A. , Huang Ngan F.
Published: July 2023

Murine myoblasts cultured on combinatorial extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are exposed to uniaxial strain. The combined effects of ECMs and strain on myogenesis are investigated by transcriptomic and protein analyses.
Reversible transformation of peptide assembly between densified-polysarcosine-driven kinetically and helix-orientation-driven thermodynamically stable morphologies
Authors: Elafify Mohamed S. , Itagaki Toru , Elkasabgy Nermeen A. , Sayed Sinar , Ito Yoshihiro , Ueda Motoki
Published: July 2023

A transformable assembly between vesicle and nanotube was enabled by a bola-type amphiphilic polypeptide with two hydrophilic polysarcosine chains. Their morphology can be changed reversibly as a function of temperature in a time-dependent manner.
Characteristics of the microstructure and the key components of white kidney bean sourdough bread induced by mixed-strain fermentation and its influence on gut microbiota
Authors: Chen Cheng , Huang Jing , Omedi Jacob Ojobi , Huang Chengye , Cheng Xin , Zhang Binle , Li Ning , Gao Tiecheng , Liang Li , Zheng Jianxian , Zeng Yongqing , Zhou Zhongkai , Huang Weining
Published: July 2023

The effect of mixed-strain fermentation usingKluyveromyces marxianuswith eitherLactobacillus plantarumorPediococcus pentosaceuson the physiochemical and nutritional properties of white kidney bean flour sourdough was investigated.
Antioxidant nanozymes in kidney injury: mechanism and application
Authors: Wu Jian , Shang Haojie , Zhang An , He Yu , Tong Yonghua , Huang Qiu , Liu Xiao , Chen Zhiqiang , Tang Kun
Published: July 2023

Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the kidneys is involved in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, such as acute kidney injury (AKI) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and is the main reason for the progression of kidney injury.
Prediction of water transport properties on an anisotropic wetting surface via deep learning
Authors: Guo Yuting , Sun Haiyi , An Meng , Mabuchi Takuya , Zhao Yinbo , Li Gaoyang
Published: July 2023

Understanding the water flow behavior on an anisotropic wetting surface is of practical significance in nanofluidic devices for their performance improvement.
Enhanced ultra high frequency EMI shielding with controlled ITO nano-branch width via different tin material types
Authors: Kim Youngho , Kim Noeul , Lee Sang Hoon , Hyeong Seok-Ki , Lee Jae-Hyun , Lee Jaeyeong , Bae Jong Seong , Cho In Sun , Choi Jae-Young , Kim Soo Young , Yu Hak Ki
Published: July 2023

Control of Gibbs free energy of pure In and In-Sn alloy nuclei with respect to radius.
Heavy-element-free triplet accessibility in pyrene-core compounds at room temperature by microcrystal engineering
Authors: Pattanayak Pradip , Nandi Arnab , Seth Sourav Kanti , Purkayastha Pradipta
Published: July 2023

A micelle-assisted microcrystallization strategy was developed to achieve heavy-element-free pure organic room temperature phosphorescence in water.
Low NH3/H2O ratio in comet C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) at 0.7 au from the Sun
Authors: Drozdovskaya Maria N. , Bockelée-Morvan Dominique , Crovisier Jacques , McGuire Brett A. , Biver Nicolas , Charnley Steven B. , Cordiner Martin A. , Milam Stefanie N. , Opitom Cyrielle , Remijan Anthony J.
Published: July 2023

Context. A lower-than-solar elemental nitrogen content has been demonstrated for several comets, including 1P/Halley and 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P/C-G) with independent in situ measurements of volatile and refractory budgets. The recently discovered semi-refractory ammonium salts in 67P/C-G are thought to be the missing nitrogen reservoir in comets.

Aims. The thermal desorption of ammonium salts from cometary dust particles leads to their decomposition into ammonia (NH3) and a corresponding acid. The NH3/H2O ratio is expected to increase with decreasing heliocentric distance with evidence for this in near-infrared observations. NH3 has been claimed to be more extended than expected for a nuclear source. Here, the aim is to constrain the NH3/H2O ratio in comet C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) during its July 2020 passage.

Methods. OH emission from comet C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) was monitored for 2 months with the Nançay Radio Telescope (NRT) and observed from the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) on 24 July and 11 August 2020. Contemporaneously with the 24 July 2020 OH observations, the NH3 hyperfine lines were targeted with GBT. From the data, the OH and NH3 production rates were derived directly, and the H2O production rate was derived indirectly from the OH.

Results. The concurrent GBT and NRT observations allowed the OH quenching radius to be determined at (5.96 ± 0.10) × 104 km on 24 July 2020, which is important for accurately deriving Q(OH). C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) was a highly active comet with Q(H2O) ≈ 2 × 1030 mol s−1 one day before perihelion. The 3σ upper limit for QNH3 / QH2O is < 0.29% at 0.7 au from the Sun.

Conclusions. The obtained NH3/H2O ratio is a factor of a few lower than measurements for other comets at such heliocentric distances. The abundance of NH3 may vary strongly with time depending on the amount of water-poor dust in the coma. Lifted dust can be heated, fragmented, and super-heated; whereby, ammonium salts, if present, can rapidly thermally disintegrate and modify the NH3/H2O ratio.
Laboratory and astronomical discovery of the cyanovinyl radical H2CCCN
Authors: Cabezas C. , Tang J. , Agúndez M. , Seiki K. , Sumiyoshi Y. , Ohshima Y. , Tercero B. , Marcelino N. , Fuentetaja R. , de Vicente P. , Endo Y. , Cernicharo J.
Published: July 2023

We report the first laboratory and interstellar detection of the α-cyano vinyl radical (H2CCCN). This species was produced in the laboratory by an electric discharge of a gas mixture of vinyl cyanide, CH2CHCN, and Ne. Its rotational spectrum was characterized using a Balle-Flygare narrowband-type Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer operating in the frequency region of 8–40 GHz. The observed spectrum shows a complex structure due to tunneling splittings between two torsional sublevels of the ground vibronic state, 0+ and 0−, derived from a large-amplitude inversion motion. In addition, the presence of two equivalent hydrogen nuclei makes it necessary to discern between ortho- and para-H2CCCN. A least-squares analysis reproduces the observed transition frequencies with a standard deviation of ca. 3 kHz. Using the laboratory predictions, this radical was detected in the cold dark cloud TMC-1 using the Yebes 40 m telescope and the QUIJOTE1 line survey. The 40, 4-30, 3 and 50, 5-40, 4 rotational transitions, composed of several hyperfine components, were observed in the 31.0–50.4 GHz range. Adopting a rotational temperature of 6 K, we derived a column density of (1.4±0.2)×1011 cm−2 and (1.1±0.2)×1011 cm−2 for ortho-H2CCCN and para-H2CCCN, respectively. The reaction of C + CH3CN emerges as the most likely route to H2CCCN in TMC-1, and possibly that of N + CH2CCH as well.
ESG Paradigm: Climate and Environment
Authors: Yandarbaeva Luiza , Ibrasheva Liliya , Lazareva Natalia
Published: July 2023

To achieve the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement, countries and regions, cities and municipalities, companies and organizations adopt and implement climate plans. The Nordic countries are among the leaders in this activity. Therefore, familiarization with the experience of the Nordic countries in this direction is of particular interest. This toolkit presents both climate change mitigation and adaptation plans being developed and implemented at various levels, primarily in the Nordic countries. Also presented are materials on Russian experience in this area and general materials directly related to climate change mitigation and adaptation. This compilation of materials is part of an information package prepared within the framework of the project “Strengthening the network of non-profit organizations in Russia and the Nordic countries to promote climate mitigation for local development”, with the support of the Nordic Council of Ministers, AirClim (Sweden) in cooperation and thanks to the exchange of experience of NGOs Northwest Russia, Sweden, Norway, Finland and other countries.
The Impact of Natural Disasters on the World’s Ecological System
Authors: Mamalova Kh. E.
Published: July 2023

This article examines the impact of catastrophic factors on the ecology of the Earth. Natural cataclysms of geophysical, geological, hydrological, atmospheric and other origin, can have a devastating effect on human life, its economic activity, as well as on the entire ecological system. Disturbances of the landscape environment, affect the ecological conditions. They lead to destruction of flora and fauna, redistribution of water reserves, human and animal habitats. In connection with this problem, work has been done to study all types of earthquakes and their impact on the world’s ecology. Comparative characteristics of magnitudes according to G.F.Richter scale, focal depths and number of earthquakes occurring in the world during the year are given. Observations show that the damage caused to man and the world ecology in the aftermath of disasters depends on the amount of energy released during fluctuations of the earth’s surface.
Biological features of fungi of the genus Mucor
Authors: Gidalishova Ch.G. , Usaeva Ya. S. , Turlova F. S.
Published: July 2023

Mucor belongs to the most prominent order Mucorales, a phylogenetically ancient group of fungi referred to as “early divergent fungi”. The genus Mucor contains several species. The most common are Mucor amphibiorum, M. circinelloides, M. hiemalis, M. indicus, M. racemosus and M. ramosissimus. Mucor has fast growing colonies and is characterized by tall, simple, unbranched sporangiophores without basal rhizoids, non-apophyseal sporangia, and pigmented zygosporangial walls. The walls are covered with granules, and the swollen apex contains spores that are white or yellow when immature, becoming brownish gray or dark gray when mature. .Colonies usually have a fluffy appearance, the height of the colony is 3-4 cm, similar to cotton candy.
Dynamics and Accounting of GHG Emissions in the World
Authors: Salamova A. S. , Kantemirova Mira , Statsenko Elena
Published: July 2023

The problem of climate change on the planet has been gradually forming since the middle of the 20th century. as the idea of a universal threat, to combat which humanity needs to unite and regulate the waste of resources. To do this, the problem of global climate change had to be introduced both into the political and economic agenda, and into the basic world system of values. Only then would climate rhetoric be able to influence political decisions and shape the way people live, as well as influence the global economy. But for this it is necessary to prove that humans are to blame for global climate change. The fact that nature is constantly changing, scientists knew until the middle of the 20th century. But it was believed that the reasons for this lie in the laws of long and short climatic cycles, and man has nothing to do with global changes. And this means that it is impossible to justify the reasons why the global community and individuals should change their behavior. That is, without substantiating the anthropogenic impact on global climate change, this topic cannot claim to be the central determinant of economic and political development.
Geographical Analysis and the Problem of Protection of Endemic and Relict Plants of the Chechen Republic
Authors: Iriskhanova Z. I. , Khasueva B. A. , Daudova M. G.-G.
Published: July 2023

This report provides a geographical analysis of endemic and relict plants of the Chechen Republic. And the problems of the screen of these species are considered. The geographical spectrum is represented by 23 geographical elements. The basis of this analysis is the compilation of a spectrum of geographical elements of endemic and relict plants. The authors carried out a geographical analysis and the problem of protection of the studied species.
Upland Xerophyte Communities of Valley Landscapes of the Upper Reaches of the Chanty-Argun River (Mountainous Chechnya, Eastern Caucasus)
Authors: Belous Viktor , Alikhadzhiev Magomed , Erzhapova Razet
Published: July 2023

The paper discusses the features of plant communities of the upland xerophyte complex of the valley landscape of the upper reaches of the Chanty-Argun River. Regularly repeating and interconnected with environmental factors phytocenoses of the Itum-Kalinsky semiarid basin are noted. The abundance of species, their distribution by elements of the lower and middle mountain relief and communities were determined by experts on the basis of field information. Peculiarities of mountain-steppe communities, factors of their spatial differentiation are revealed. The studied communities are rich in species and are of significant conservation interest. With our research, we sought to emphasize the regional specificity of the studied communities, due to geographical, ecological, cenotic, and historical features.
The Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in COVID-19 Patients
with Severe Cardiorespiratory Failure: The Influence of Obesity on
Outcomes
Authors: Mongero Linda B. , Stammers Alfred H. , Tesdahl Eric A. , Petersen Courtney , Patel Kirti , Jacobs Jeffrey P.
Published: July 2023

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the management of severely ill
patients with COVID-19 has been reported in more than 5,827 cases worldwide
according to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO). Several
pre-existing conditions have been linked to an increase in COVID-19 mortality
risk including obesity. The purpose of this research is to review the clinical
experience from a cohort of 342 COVID-19 patients treated with ECMO in which
61.7% (211/342) are confirmed obese. Following institutional review board
approval, we reviewed all 342 COVID-19 patients supported with ECMO between
March 17, 2020 and March 18, 2021, at 40 American institutions from a
multi-institutional database. Descriptive statistics comparing survivors to
non-survivors were calculated using chi-square, Welch’s ANOVA, and
Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test as appropriate. Multivariable logistic regression
was used to estimate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the odds of survival
while adjusting for age, gender, chronic renal failure, diabetes, asthma,
hypertension, and pre-ECMO P/F ratio. Descriptive analysis showed that obese
patients were more likely to be hypertensive (58.1% vs. 32%,
p < .001), diabetic (42% vs.
30%, p < .05), and female
(35% vs. 21%, p < .05), and
had longer median days from intubation to cannulation (4.0 vs. 2.0,
p < .05). Obese patients appeared to
also have a slightly lower median age (47.9 vs. 50.5,
p = .07), higher incidence of asthma
(17.8% vs. 10.2%, p = .09),
and a slightly lower pre-ECMO PaO2/FiO2 ratio (67.5 vs.
77.5, p = .08) though these differences
were slightly less statistically reliable. Results from the logistic regression
model suggest no statistically reliable association between BMI and odds of
survival. Age had a moderately large and statistically reliable negative
association with survival; the relative odds of survival for a 59-year-old
patient were approximately half those of a 41-year-old patient
(OR = .53, 95% CI: .36–.77,
p < .001). Obesity does not seem to be
a major risk factor for poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients supported with ECMO;
however, age was moderately negatively associated with survival. The potential
influence of other comorbidities on odds of survival among these patients
warrant further investigation.
Overt Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation with Severe Hypofibrinogenemia During Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Yang Stephen , Williams Brittney , Kaczorowski David , Mazzeffi Michael
Published: July 2023

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a life-threatening hematologic derangement characterized by dysregulated thrombin generation and excessive fibrinolysis. However, DIC is poorly characterized in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) population, and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Several mechanisms contribute to DIC in ECMO, including consumption of coagulation factors, acquired von Willebrand’s syndrome leading to thrombocytopenia, and hyperfibrinolysis. There are few case reports of DIC in adult ECMO patients. Most are in the context of venoarterial ECMO, which is typically used in the setting of cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest. These disease states themselves are known to be associated with DIC, liver failure, impaired anticoagulant mechanisms, and increased fibrinolysis. We present an unusual case of a 74-year-old man who developed overt DIC during veno-venous (VV) ECMO. DIC resulted in clinical bleeding and severe hypofibrinogenemia requiring massive cryoprecipitate transfusion of 87 pooled units. When the patient was decannulated from ECMO, his platelet count and fibrinogen concentration improved within 24 hours, suggesting that ECMO was a proximate cause of his DIC.
Insights into microstructure evolution and interface joining mechanism of ultrasonic spot welded Cu/Cu joint
Authors: Ni Zenglei , Gao Zhiting
Published: July 2023

To understand the underlying microstructure evolution and joining mechanism of ultrasonic spot welded Cu/Cu joint, the microstructure and crystallography analysis were investigated. The grain size, grain boundary, misorientation angle, Kernel Average Misorientation, Schmid factor and crystal orientation along the weld thickness were heterogeneous and unsymmetrical. The changes of corresponding microstructural and crystallographic features were more obvious for the top sheet comparing with the bottom sheet. The {111} <110> texture, nano-sized equiaxed induced by discontinuous dynamic recrystallization and refined elongated grains because of continuous dynamic recrystallization were formed at the welding interface. The nucleated fine grains between the elongated grains attributing to continuous dynamic recrystallization were beneficial to the grain boundary migration and consequent the achievement of the interfacial metallurgical bonding.
Förster resonance energy transfer characterization in hybrid of poly-TPD/MDMO-PPV-DMP
Authors: Al-Asbahi Bandar Ali
Published: July 2023

The current work focused on investigating the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism from the donor, poly[bis(4-butypheny)-bis(phenyl)benzidine] (poly-TPD), to the acceptor, poly[2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyl-octyloxy)−1,4-phenylenevinylene]-end capped with Dimethylphenyl (MDMO-PPV–DMP). The solution blending method was utilized to prepare the poly-TPD/MDMO-PPV–DMP hybrids with various content. The improvement in energy transfer from poly-TPD to MDMO-PPV–DMP with increasing acceptor content was confirmed by analyzing absorption and emission spectra. The efficient energy transfer in the hybrids is evident from the shorter quantum yield and lifetime of the donor in the hybrids compared to those in pure poly-TPD. The parameters that govern FRET, such as Stern–Volmer value (k
SV), quenching rate value (k
q), Förster radius (R0), distance between the molecules of poly-TPD and MDMO-PPV–DMP (RDA), energy transfer lifetime (τ
ET), energy transfer rate (k
ET), total decay rate of the donor (TDR), critical concentration (Ao), and conjugation length (A
π
) could be adjusted by increasing the acceptor content in the hybrids. Furthermore, the red shifting of CIE coordinates upon increasing the acceptor content is additional confirmation for the efficient of FRET in the hybrids.
Inverse potentials for all ℓ channels of neutron-proton scattering using reference potential approach
Authors: Khachi Anil , Kumar Lalit , Awasthi Ayushi , Sastri O S K S
Published: July 2023

Reference potential approach (RPA) has been successful in obtaining inverse potentials for weakly bound diatomic molecules using the Morse function. In this work, our goal is to construct inverse potentials for all the available ℓ-channels of np-scattering using RPA. Riccati-type phase equations for various ℓ-channels are solved using 5th order Runge-Kutta method to obtain the scattering phase shifts (SPS) in tandem with an optimisation procedure to minimize mean squared error (MSE). Interaction potentials for a total of 18 states have been constructed using only a three parameter Morse interaction model. The obtained MSE is <1% for 1
S
0, 3
P
1 and 3
D
1 channels and <2% for 1
P
1 channel and <0.1% for rest of the 14 channels. Total scattering cross-sections at various lab energies obtained using RPA are found to match well with experimental ones. A complete study of the np-scattering using RPA has been undertaken using Morse function as zeroth reference for the first time.
Testing charge quantization with axion string-induced cosmic birefringence
Authors: Winston Yin Weichen , Dai Liang , Ferraro Simone
Published: July 2023

We demonstrate that the Peccei-Quinn-electromagnetic anomaly coefficient 𝒜 can be directly measured from axion string-induced cosmic birefringence by applying scattering transform to the anisotropic polarization rotation of the cosmic microwave background. This breaks the degeneracy between 𝒜 and the effective number of string loops in traditional inference analyses that are solely based on the spatial power spectrum of polarization rotation. Carrying out likelihood-based parameter inference on mock rotation realizations generated according to phenomenological string network models, we show that scattering transform is able to extract enough non-Gaussian information to clearly distinguish a number of discrete 𝒜 values, for instance 𝒜=1/9, 1/3, 2/3, in the ideal case of noise-free rotation reconstruction, and, to a lesser but interesting degree at reconstruction noise levels comparable to that expected for the proposed CMB-HD concept. In the event of a statistical detection of cosmic birefringence by Stage III or IV CMB experiments, our technique can be applied to test the stringy nature of the birefringence pattern and extract fundamental information about the smallest unit of charge in theories beyond the Standard Model.
A Catalog and Statistical Analysis for Magnetic Stars
Authors: Rustem Abdurepqet , Lü Guo-Liang , Liu Jin-Zhong , Zhu Chun-Hua , Zhang Yu , Shen Dong-Xiang , Zhang Yu-Hao , He Xiao-Long
Published: July 2023

Magnetic fields are significant in the structure and evolution of stars. We present a comprehensive catalog of 1784 known magnetic stars, detailing their identifications, HD numbers, precise locations, spectral types and averaged quadratic effective magnetic fields among other important information. The group comprises 177 O-type stars, 551 B-type stars, 520 A-type stars, 91 F-type stars, 53 G-type stars, 61 K-type stars, 31 M-type stars and an additional 300 stars whose spectral classification remains indeterminate. Our analysis examines the statistical properties of these magnetic stars. The relative integrated distribution function and number distribution function for all magnetic stars of the same spectral type can be effectively approximated using an exponential function of the averaged quadratic effective magnetic field. The analysis further reveals that A and B-type stars possess the strongest mean magnetic fields, indicating an easier detection of their magnetic fields.
Amorphous gallium oxide homojunction-based optoelectronic synapse for multi-functional signal processing
Authors: Li Rongliang , Lin Yonghui , Li Yang , Gao Song , Yue Wenjing , Kan Hao , Zhang Chunwei , Shen Guozhen
Published: July 2023

In the era of accelerated development in artificial intelligence as well as explosive growth of information and data throughput, underlying hardware devices that can integrate perception and memory while simultaneously offering the benefits of low power consumption and high transmission rates are particularly valuable. Neuromorphic devices inspired by the human brain are considered to be one of the most promising successors to the efficient in-sensory process. In this paper, a homojunction-based multi-functional optoelectronic synapse (MFOS) is proposed and testified. It enables a series of basic electrical synaptic plasticity, including paired-pulse facilitation/depression (PPF/PPD) and long-term promotion/depression (LTP/LTD). In addition, the synaptic behaviors induced by electrical signals could be instead achieved through optical signals, where its sensitivity to optical frequency allows the MFOS to simulate high-pass filtering applications in situ and the perception capability integrated into memory endows it with the information acquisition and processing functions as a visual system. Meanwhile, the MFOS exhibits its performances of associative learning and logic gates following the illumination with two different wavelengths. As a result, the proposed MFOS offers a solution for the realization of intelligent visual system and bionic electronic eye, and will provide more diverse application scenarios for future neuromorphic computing.