bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Awareness and Attitude of Emergency Physicians towards the use of Computed Tomography in patients with head injury in various hospitals in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Okechukwu Mary-Ann C
Published: January 2020

The use of x-ray and computed tomography scan is critical in the management of traumatic conditions, particularly head injuries. This study was carried out to assess the level of awareness and attitude of Emergency physicians towards the use of CT in cases of head injury. A cross-sectional study was done among emergency physicians working in five different government hospitals in Anambra State. Among the respondents were 29% males and 4% females: mean age was 35.7 years while their modal age was 31-40 years. All the respondents, 33 (100%) stated they find CT scan as a useful diagnostic medical imaging modality. However less than half of them, 15 (45.5%) stated they refer patients for CT scan for those patients that need it. Whereas most of them, 20 (64.5%) stated that head injury patients should undergo both X-Ray and CT scan virtually all of them 32 (97%), responded that computed tomography, (CT) is better than skull x-ray in the examination of head injury. Though majority of the respondents 31 (93%), stated that CT scan subject the patient to some risks. All those who responded and thought that CT scan should continue to be used as medical diagnostic imaging modality were 33 (100%). The result of the study showed that most of the emergency physicians are aware of the usefulness of CT in the examination of patients presenting with head injury, but the non- availability and cost of services of the CT imaging equipment greatly affected the rate of request for the examination and has affected their attitude towards the use of this imaging modality in the examination of this category of patients in need of it.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВПЛИВУ КОЛІРНОЇ СХЕМИ НА СПОЖИВАЧА В РЕКЛАМНОМУ ВЕБ-ДИЗАЙНІ
Authors: Савюк Ігор , Аль-Мншдаві Хуссейн Абдулаєв  , Аяду Хаяві Алатабі
Published: January 2020

Мета роботи - визначити особливості впливу колірної схеми на споживача виходячи з технічних можливостей веб-дизайну. Методологія дослідження. Дане дослідження проводилося на стику різних концепцій і методів, тобто за своєю суттю є міждисциплінарним дослідженням. У роботі в якості теоретико-методологічної основи були використані фундаментальні праці в галузі культури кольору, колірної рекламної комунікації, матеріали по веб-дизайну, технічна література з області можливостей відтворення кольору в цифровому полі. Наукова новизна даного дослідження полягає у виявленні принципів використання кольору в рекламному веб-дизайні, співвідношення технічних можливостей з завданнями реклами і естетикою культурних традицій.
ЧАСТОТНО-ТЕМПЕРАТУРНІ ВИМІРЮВАННЯ ДИНАМІЧНОГО МОДУЛЯ ПРУЖНОСТІ КОНСТРУКЦІЙНОГО ПОЛІВІНІЛХЛОРИДУ
Authors: В.А. Мащенко  , В.В. Крівцов  , В.П. Квасніков
Published: January 2020

Резонансним методом зсувних коливань вільного кінця закріпленого зразка на звукових частотах у широкому діапазоні температур проведено вимірювання дійсної частини динамічного модуля пружності та тангенса кута механічних втрат конструкційного полівінілхлориду. Показано, що для амплітуд резонансних максимумів послідовних мод коливань зразків існує лінійна залежність.
СИСТЕМА МОНІТОРИНГУ ДЛЯ ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ РЕСУРСІВ У РОЗПОДІЛЕНИХ СИСТЕМАХ
Authors: А.В. Рубець
Published: January 2020

У статті автори роблять детальний аналіз необхідності та актуальності використання систем моніторингу при роботі розподілених систем, зокрема при плануванні використання ресурсів, а саме: організації обслуговування, апаратного та програмного забезпечення, різноманітних комунікаційних зв’язків, логіки рішень.
Проводиться аналіз літературних джерел, де описуються, як  теоретичні так і практичні аспекти використання моніторингових систем у багатьох сферах людського життя. Досліджується структура та основні підходи до побудови   систем моніторингу.
ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ НЕСУЧОЇ ЗДАТНОСТІ МОДЕЛІ ЗАЛІЗОБЕТОННОЇ ПУСТОТНОЇ ПЛИТИ ПЕРЕКРИТТЯ
Authors: М.Г. Сур’янінов  , С.П. Неутов  , І.Б. Корнеєва
Published: January 2020

Наведено результати лабораторних випробувань модельної конструкції багатопустотної плити перекриття. По відношенню до серійної плити, геометричні розміри моделі зменшені в два рази, але, виходячи з технологічних міркувань, плита має не 6, а 5 пустот. Виконано порівняння отриманих результатів з результатами комп'ютерного моделювання та розрахунку в програмних комплексах SOFiSTiK і ЛІРА-САПР. Результати розрахунку методом скінчених елементів в двох різних програмних комплексах незначно відрізняються від експериментальних даних тільки до початку тріщиноутворення. Згинальний момент від навантаження, яке відповідає початку утворення тріщин в експерименті, відрізняється на 1,36% від значення, отриманого в результаті комп'ютерного розрахунку, а прогин - на 5,9%. А при фактичному руйнівному навантаженню, отриманому в експерименті, згинальний момент перевищує аналогічну величину, визначену чисельно, в 3, 15 рази, а прогин - в 5,2 рази. Це свідчить про те, що лінійна модель, закладена при комп'ютерних розрахунках, є абсолютно неприйнятною після початку тріщиноутворення. Процес утворення тріщин експериментального зразка плити почався при навантаженні 16,6 кН, що склало 59% від фактичної величини руйнівного навантаження.
ФОРМУВАННЯ КУЛЬТУРИ БЕЗПЕКИ ПРАЦІ У ПРОФЕСІЙНІЙ ОСВІТІ
Authors: В.І. Федорчук-Мороз  , О.О. Вісин
Published: January 2020

В роботі увага приділена формуванню культури безпеки праці на основі ризик-орієнтованого підходу у професійній освіті. Розглянуто професійні компетентності кваліфікованого робітника, який працюватиме у потенційно небезпечних галузях господарювання. Показано необхідність викладання безпекових дисциплін у закладах професійної освіти.
ТИСК ПАРАБОЛІЧНОГО ШТАМПА НА ПОПЕРЕДНЬО НАПРУЖЕНИЙ ШАР
Authors: Г.В. Габрусєв  , І.Ю. Габрусєва  , Т.Б. Пиндус
Published: January 2020

Наведено розв’язок контактної задачі про взаємодію параболічного штампа із попередньо напруженим шаром. Система парних інтегральних рівнянь, що при цьому отримується, розв’язується за допомогою подання шуканих функцій напружень у вигляді відрізку ряду за функціями Бесселя з невідомими коефіцієнтами та подальшим отриманням скінченних систем лінійних алгебраїчних рівнянь для їх знаходження. На основі отриманого напружено-деформованого стану проаналізовано вплив форми штампа на контактні напруження.
ВПЛИВ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ДОМІШОК НА ПРОЦЕС КРИСТАЛІЗАЦІЇ PbI2 З РОЗПЛАВУ
Authors: Т.В. Фурс
Published: January 2020

У роботі проведено дослідження впливу технологічних домішок на процес кристалізації монокристалів PbI2  з розплаву. Проаналізовано особливості і недоліки методу зонної плавки для очищення монокристалів PbI2. Запропоновано метод термічної дистиляції у вакуумі для ефективного очищення вихідного компонента Pb.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПЕРЕРОБКИ ПРОДУКТІВ УТИЛІЗАЦІЇ ТВЕРДОГО РАКЕТНОГО ПАЛИВА
Authors: М.М. Челтонов  , О.Л. Кириченко
Published: January 2020

У сучасних умовах для України актуальним екологічним питанням э утилізація споряджених корпусів двигунів (СКД) із закінченим терміном зберігання. В ході утилізації утворюється полімерна матриця (ПМ) з середнім розміром фрагментів 2 - 15 мм, до складу якої входить до 30% ціклотетраметілентетранітраміна (нітраміна), виробництво якого відсутнє в Україні, його можливо регенерувати із застосуванням диметилсульфоксида (ДМСО). Метою даної роботи є встановлення закономірностей вилучення нітраміну з ПМ за допомогою ДМСО в лабораторних умовах зі зміною такого параметра як масовий модуль (відношення ДМСО: ПМ) в залежності від вологості ПМ. На основі експериментальних даних встановлено залежності масового модуля (відношення ДМСО: ПМ) на ступінь вилучення нітраміна за допомогою ДМСО з ПМ. Найкращим масовим модулем (ставленням ДМСО: ПМ) можна вважати діапазон 2 - 3, що дозволяє досягти ступеня вилучення нітраміни 71,9% (при вологості ПМ 3%). Ідетіфікаціі вилученного з ПМ нітраміна підтверджена ІЧ-спектром і ДТА.
ВИВЧЕННЯ ТРИБОЛОГІЧНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ОРГАНОПЛАСТИКА НА ОСНОВІ АРОМАТИЧНОГО ПОЛІАМІДУ ФЕНІЛОН С-1
Authors: О.П. Чигвінцева  , О.С. Кабат  , Ю.В. Бойко
Published: January 2020

Проведені трибологічні дослідження ароматичного поліаміду фенілон С-1 і органопластика на його основі, армованого арамідним волокном терлон. Досліджено вплив режимів експлуатації на процеси тертя і зносу в’яжучого і органопластика на його основі. Показано, що розроблений органопластик при роботі в режимі тертя без змащування має низький коефіцієнт тертя і високу зносостійкість.
ЗАДАЧА ТЕРМОПРУЖНОСТІ ДЛЯ КОМПОЗИТНОГО БРУСА ІЗ ПЛОСКОЮ ВІССЮ ДОВІЛЬНОЇ ФОРМИ У ПРИРОДНІЙ СИСТЕМІ КООРДИНАТ
Authors: С.Б. Ковальчук
Published: January 2020

У роботі отримано скалярну форму рівняння теплопровідності, граничних умов різного типу та умов спряження фаз для зв’язаної динамічної задачі термопружного деформування композитного дискретно-неоднорідного бруса із криволінійною плоскою віссю та постійною по довжині структурною будовою. Рівняння та умови виведені у природній, для будови бруса, криволінійній циліндричній системі координат, що робить отримані залежності інваріантними до форми осі бруса. Отримані залежності можуть бути використані для розв’язання широкого кола прикладних задач термопружного деформування композитних стержньових елементів.
‘Admirável Bode Novo’: regionalismo e ruralismo em defesa da caprinocultura no semiárido nordestino
Authors: Freitas Meneses Valdênio
Published: January 2020

Over the past decades, caprinoculture (goat raising) has been the target of public and private investment in the Brazilian Northeast. And this has occurred for reasons that go beyond economic factors: there is a strong regionalist bias of tourist and gastronomic events in various cities in the region that legitimizes caprinoculture as an authentic symbol of the “backlands” (sertão). The article analyzes the social conditions of this belief and relates them to the way in which segments of livestock raising elites from the Northeast grounded an idea of living with the droughts. To map this field of disputes the author uses such sources as zootechnical manuals, magazines of associations and entities representing large northeastern ranchers (1980-2013 editions). The article concludes that the legitimacy for the current valued status of goat farming in the semi-arid zone arose from two movements of segments of the livestock raising elite. On the one hand, disqualifying the perception and the logics of reciprocity – called “miunça”– of goats for the poor. On the other, bringing the perception of goat farming closer to the image of a Brazilian “rural vocation”, as an argument of segments of the national agribusiness sector. Keywords: livestock raising elite; goat-breeder; regionalism; ruralism; semi-arid Northeast Brazil.MENESES, Valdênio Freitas. ‘Admirável Bode Novo’: regionalismo e ruralismo em defesa da caprinocultura no semiárido nordestino. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 28, n. 1, p. 109-135, fev. 2020.Submitted on November 22, 2019.Accepted on January 6, 2020.
A gênese da política de desenvolvimento territorial no Brasil: atores, redes e a comunidade de política pública
Authors: Vaz de Moura Joana Tereza , Maia Lima Madeira Pontes Bárbara
Published: January 2020

This article aims to understand the genesis of the territorial development policy in Brazil looking to the significance of social networks and the policy community in this process. It seeks to bring to the debate the influence of a range of actors in the network (militants or sympathizers of social movements) that were part of the Brazilian rural scene and that, with the entry of President Luís Inácio “Lula” da Silva in 2003, became members of the state bureaucracy, even assuming high ranking positions. We work with the hypothesis that the perspectives assumed by these activists were central in the definitions of the territorial policies. The relationship between social movements, political parties and State is addressed on the basis of relational sociology, using the idea of social networks and public policy community. seeking to identify which actors have occupied key positions in the deliberative and decision arenas and how they have articulated with other bureaucrats. Interviews were conducted with central actors as the principal source of data for analysis. It is reinforced that more than a favorable institutional context, that is, the opening of windows of opportunity made possible by the Lula government, are the actions of this community since the 1990s that in fact produce ideas/values and define public policies with a territorial bias to rethink development in the country.Keywords: social networks; territorial development; policy community.MOURA, Joana Tereza Vaz de; PONTES, Bárbara Maia Lima Madeira. A gênese da política de desenvolvimento territorial no Brasil: atores, redes e a comunidade de política pública. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 28, n. 1, p. 180-207, fev. 2020.Submitted on June 4, 2019.Accepted on November 28, 2019.
ETHNOMATHEMATIC EXPLORATION OF LIO TRADITIONAL HOUSE OF ENDE DISTRICT FOR GEOMETRY LEARNING
Authors: Wondo Maria Trisna Sero , Maria Fatima Mei  , Finsensius Y. Naja
Published: January 2020

This study aims to describe the symbols and geometry that exist in the traditional house of the Lio tribe of Wolokoli Village, Wolowaru District, Ende Regency in ethnomathematics perspective in terms of mathematical concepts. This type of research is qualitative research with an ethnographic approach. The subjects of this study consisted of several informants (chiefs, village heads, teachers and students). Using observation and interview techniques, and using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed the existence of symbol shapes and geometry in the building of traditional houses of the Lio tribe of Wolokoli Village, Wolowaru District, Ende Regency. Other symbolic forms include leke (foundation pillars made of stone and wood), there are twenty oval-shaped stone pillars and one rectangular wooden pole, Tenga (lante beam) in the form of a tube. Dalo is rectangular in shape. Rectangular lure. Wisu (four main pillars) shaped beam. Kebi (wall) is rectangular in shape. Mangu (nok pole) shaped beam. Block shaped jara. Pene / Pere is rectangular in shape. Eba beams. Lara is a block. Hubu (roof) is made of trapezoid-shaped reeds. Form symbols and geometrical structures that exist in the traditional Lio Tribe of Wolokoli Village, namely lines, angles, squares, rectangles, triangles, trapezoid, parallelogram, triangles, hexagons, beams, tubes, and triangular prisms. The shape in these parts of the house can change the paradigm of children and society that mathematics has a relationship with daily activities and relationships with culture and can be learned in a fun way in solving problems of learning geometry material.
Methodological Basis of Logistic Support of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine
Authors: MIRNENKO Volodymyr , OPENKO Pavlo , TIURIN Vitalii , MARTYNIUK Oleksii
Published: January 2020

This article proposes a unified theory of logistics for the Air Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine based on the existing theories of armament and the logistics of the Armed Forces, and on the general laws and established consistent patterns, trends, principles, forms and methods of the use of the logistics of the Air Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The objective function of the logistics system of the Air Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is formulated to achieve compliance of the capabilities of this system with the predicted volume of logistics tasks. In order to implement this compliance, it is necessary to ensure the convergence of requirements and capabilities at all levels of logistics management. The assessment of the functioning of the Air Forces logistics system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is proposed on the basis of the stated views on the logistics theory of the Air Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine by assessing the set of real capabilities of each subsystem that is a part of its structure and system as a whole. At the same time, the assessment of the quality of the logistic support of the military units (formations) of the Air Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine should be related to the level of implementation of the potential capabilities of the logistics system when solving problems of each subsystem at the various stages of combat training, unblocking and operational deployment, the preparation and conduct of operations (combat actions), restoration of combat capability of troops (forces).
Nutritional Quality of Red Dates (Zizyphus Jujube Mill.) in Response to Modified and Controlled Atmospheric Storage Conditions
Authors: Zhao-Jun Ban , Jing-Lin Zhang , Yong-Jiang Wang , Xiang-Zheng Yang , Qiu-Ping Yuan , Xiao-Juan Xu , Hai-Ying Cai
Published: January 2020

Quality maintenance and ethanol metabolism of red date (Zizyphus jujube Mill.) fruits in response to modified atmosphere and controlled atmosphere (7% CO2, 3% O2 plus 90% N2) were investigated in the present study. Results showed that modified atmosphere and controlled atmosphere significantly maintained higher titratable and ascorbic acid contents during storage at 0°C for 32 days. In addition, ethanol accumulation and alcohol dehydrogenase activity indicated that ethanol metabolism in red dates was substantially inhibited by modified and controlled atmospheric storage conditions. Furthermore, the browning and polyphenoloxidase activity was also delayed by both atmospheric conditions compared with control. By evidence of sensory evaluation, results confirmed that both modified and controlled atmosphere packages contributed to the maintenance of better sweetness, sourness, firmness, juiciness and date flavor as well as overall preference after cold storage. Nonetheless, no significant difference on decay index of red dates was observed between changed atmospheres and untreated control after storage. Results from the present study are of importance to the red date industry on theoretical and practical aspects.
Sesamin Ameliorates Insulin Resistance Induced by High Glucose/High Insulin in Hepatic L02 Cells
Authors: Mengxi Wang , Na Xu , Renjie Zhou , Jing Wu , Hong Lei
Published: January 2020

In this study, the antioxidant effect of sesamin on insulin resistance in hepatic L02 cells induced by high glucose/high insulin was investigated. Results showed that treatment with sesamin (200, 100 μg/ml) increased the cell viability, activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and the content of reduced glutathione of L02 hepatocyte model of insulin-resistance. Moreover, treatment with sesamin decreased the content of malondialdehyde, production of nitric oxide, and the activity of nitric oxide synthase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and gene expression levels of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase significantly. The destructive change of hepatic L02 cells was ameliorated when treated with sesamin under microscopic observation. In conclusion, sesamin has anti-oxidative effect on the L02 hepatocyte model of insulin resistance induced by high glucose/high insulin.
Increasing Antioxidant Potentials of Mung Bean Sprouts
Authors: Nana Cao , Jiaxin Fan , Zhixin Yang , Limin Hao , Qiaozhen Kang , Xin Liu , Jike Lu
Published: January 2020

The effects of tea polyphenols and ultraviolet radiation on the growth and antioxidant activity of mung bean sprouts were investigated, followed by the changes in corresponding antioxidant enzyme activities and metabolite composition. The growth of mung bean sprouts was slightly decreased by tea polyphenols and ultraviolet radiation, but the antioxidant activity was increased. The activities of peroxidase and catalase were decreased, and the contents of vitamin C, γ-aminobutyric acid and total phenols were significantly increased by tea polyphenol treatment. While the activities of peroxidase and catalase increased by ultraviolet radiation with concomitant increase in the contents of vitamin C and total phenols. The mung bean sprouts produced following imposition of stressors such as tea polyphenols and ultraviolet radiation from stress conditions could be used as a potential functional food.
Danshensu Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in RAW 264.7 Cells
Authors: Chih-Hung Lin , Chou-Chin Lan , Valeria Chiu , Po-Chun Hsieh , Chan-Yen Kuo , Chang-Ti Lee
Published: January 2020

Danshensu, isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), is known to have anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore danshen is extensively used in many nutraceutical formulations. Reactive oxygen species are essential for the development of hypoxia-induced inflammation. Generation of reactive oxygen species by infiltrating macrophages is common in various diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, tumor, and aging. To explore the mechanism underlying the attenuation of inflammation, we used RAW 264.7 cells as a model and hypoxia as an inducer of inflammation. The results showed the protective mechanism of danshensu on reactive oxygen species production, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha expression, c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B, and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression following hypoxia in RAW 264.7 cells.
KAJIAN PERANCANGAN PERMUKIMAN KAMPUNG AUR DI KOTA MEDAN (DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR PERILAKU DAN LINGKUNGAN)
Authors: Sembiring Dicky Andrea
Published: January 2020

Kampung Aur adalah salah satu pemukiman padat penduduk yang terletak di tepi Sungai Deli, Medan. Sejauh ini telah ada beberapa jenis solusi untuk masalah pemukiman padat penduduk mulai dari penggusuran paksa, pembangunan permukiman baru dalam bentuk program perbaikan datar / rusunawa dan kampung. Bisa dikatakan, pemerintah mulai menyadari bahwa masalahnya tidak bisa diatasi dengan sistem satu arah. Harus ada komunikasi dengan penghuni permukiman kumuh. Hal ini kemudian mendorong para penulis untuk membuat perencanaan permukiman Kampung Aur dengan pendekatan perilaku lingkungan untuk menjadi tesisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan desain permukiman yang dapat mengakomodasi aspek sosial dan budaya masyarakat melalui pendekatan perilaku lingkungan. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, observasi partisipatif akan dilakukan pada setiap komunitas dominan yang ada di lokasi. Melalui pengamatan ini akan diketahui bagaimana setting lingkungan dan perilaku bekerja di Kampung Aur. Data pengaturan lingkungan dan perilaku kemudian akan diproses untuk menghasilkan kriteria desain Kampung Aur Settlement. Dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa ada dua suku dominan di Kampung Aur, yaitu orang Tionghoa dan Minang. Komunitas Minang lebih jauh menunjukkan karakteristik yang memiliki tingkat teritorialitas tinggi dan privasi yang rendah, sementara orang Cina justru sebaliknya. Berdasarkan karakteristik masyarakat yang ada, desing bisa diproduksi sesuai dengan perilaku masing-masing masyarakat di Kampung Aur.
PEMBUATAN ETANOL DARI PATI JAGUNG
Authors: Lestari Pratiwi Putri
Published: January 2020

Salah satu kegunaan etanol adalah sebagai bahan bakar kimia organik. Etanol yang digunakan selama ini umumnya diperoleh dari minyak bumi. Di mana minyak bumi ini sendiri merupakan Sumber daya Alam yang tidak dapat diperbaharui. Keadaan ini memaksa dilakukannya pencarian sumber bahan baku dalam pembuatan etanol. Etanol ini diproduksi dari bahan baku tanaman yang mengandung pati. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan bahan baku jagung biasa. Untuk proses hidrolisa dilakukan menggunakan H2SO4 0,5 N pada temperatur 2550 C dengan variabel waktu hidrolisa 1,5; 2; 2,5 jam, variabel jumlah asam 5, 6, 7 ml lalu dinetralkan dengan KOH dan diukur volumenya. Kemudian difermentasi selama 2 hari dengan variabel jumlah ragi 1; 1,5; 2 gram. Untuk penentuan kadar alkohol dilakukan secara titrasai dengan FeSO4(NH4)2 SO4 0,4 N dan penambahan 3 tetes 1,10 Phenantrolin. Sebagai parameter uji penelitian ini menggunakan parameter densitas etanol dan indeks bias. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi pada waktu hidrolisa 1,5 jam dan penambahan ragi 1 gram adalah sesuai dengan yang ditetapkan dengan Standara Nasional Indonesia (SNI).
KAJIAN BANGUNAN BERSEJARAH DINILAI DARI HISTORIS DAN ESTETIKA KOTA MEDAN PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Hidayat, Tunggul H. Ganie,Jurnalisman Harefa Wahyu
Published: January 2020

Perlindungan benda cagar budaya sebagai salah satu upaya bagi pelestarian warisan budaya bangsa, merupakan ikhtiar untuk memupuk kebanggaan nasional dan memperkokoh jatidiri bangsa. Perlindungan bangunan bersejarah tidak lagi merupakan aktivitas sampingan, tetapi bersifat satu kesatuan dengan perencanaan perkotaan. Bangunan bersejarah atau bangunan kuno merupakan benda cagar budaya yang tidak bergerak. Kategori bangunan bersejarah adalah bangunan yang berumur lebih dari 50 tahun atau memiliki masa bangunan sedikitnya berumur 50 tahun dan dikategorikan mempunyai nilai penting bagi prasejarah, sejarah, ilmu pengetahuan atau kesenian. Benda alam maupun benda buatan manusia dapat berupa karya rumah tinggal, bangunan komersial, benda budaya dan keagamaan, bangunan industri atau bangunan pemerintah, taman, jembatan dan sebagainya, kota lama, kawasan bersejarah maupun kelompok hunian tradisional. Tujuan kajian ini adalah melakukan identifikasi bangunan bersejarah dengan menyusun senerai  yang meliputi : nama bangunan,  lokasi, pemilik, tanggal pembangunan, penggunaan semula, penggunaan sekarang, kategori, keadaan bangunan, diskripsi, sejarah, arti penting, foto, sumber, penyusun, rekomendasi upaya rehabilitasi/ revitalisasi/ konservasi/preservasi bagi yang kondisi bangunannya memprihatinkan dan hal lain yang dianggap penting. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat membantu usaha untuk melestarikan bangunan bersejarah  Kota Medan dengan mengoptimalkan potensinya baik dengan cara konservasi, preservasi, revitalisasi atau adaptasi, rehabilitasi atau restorasi dan rekonstruksi, sehingga Kota Medan memiliki jati diri, karakteristik yang mampu menciptakan keindahan kota, mengembangkan wisata budaya, dengan tetap melibatkan pihak swasta dan peranserta masyarakat.
STUDI POTENSI SAMPAH ORGANIK PASAR KOTA MEDAN MENJADI PEMBANGKIT ENERGI LISTRIK SEBAGAI ENERGI ALTERNATIF TERBARUKAN
Authors: Tobing Yansastra , Irwanto M.
Published: January 2020

Kebutuhan energi listrik terus meningkat sehingga dibutuhkan penyediaan energi listrik dari sumber energi yang terbarukan. Kota Medan adalah kota metropolitan yang menuntut penyediaan energi yang cukup, disamping itu kota yang metropolitan juga dituntut rapi dan bersih dari sampah untuk menciptakan kesejahtraan masyarakat. Sampah rata-rata kota Medan adalah sebesar ±1.008,87 ton perhari dan  ±28.188,94 ton perbulan, belum diolah dengan baik. Sampah terdiri dari organik dan anorganik, sampah ini didominasi oleh sampah organik karena penghasil sampah terbesar adalah pasar tradisional. Sampah organik dapat diolah menjadi biogas melalui sistem anaerob fermentasi yaitu pembusukan oleh bakteri methanobatcerium menghasilkan gas metana untuk disetarakan dengan energi listrik. Sampah yang sebesar itu dapat menghasilkan potensi biogas rata-rata 33.305,10 m³/hari dan menghasilkan gas methana sebesar 20.815,68 m³/hari sehingga potensi listrik rata-rata per hari sebesar 232.598,54 kWh. Potensi energi listrik dari sampah organik kota Medan cukup besar sehingga dapat menjadi alternatif energi yang bersifat terbarukan.
PENGONTROL LOGIKA FUZZY UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN KECEPATAN ROTOR MOTOR ARUS SEARAH
Authors: Kumar Sarvaesshwaran Krishna
Published: January 2020

Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) telah banyak digunakan dalam aplikasi untuk mengontrol kecepatan motor arus searah. Kinerja dengan kemampuan untuk mengontrol secara otomatis diperlukan. Dalam proyek ini, kinerja motor arus searah yang dipilih telah dikontrol menggunakan pengontrol Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) dan FLC telah dipelajari. Untuk tujuan itu, nilai maksimum kecepatan swap untuk mencapai nilai kecepatan yang telah ditentukan dan juga waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai nilai kecepatan target yang stabil telah diidentifikasi dan dianalisis untuk memverifikasi perilaku pengontrol PID serta FLC. Oleh karena itu, penyesuaian harus dilakukan pada FLC untuk memastikan bahwa kinerja yang dihasilkan sesuai dengan yang diinginkan... Kontrol kecepatan motor arus searah yang dilakukan oleh pengontrol PID dan pengontrol FLC adalah dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak MATLAB. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa menggunakan FLC, kecepatan maksimum dari kemungkinan adalah minimal, gelombang transien minimum dan juga nilai kesalahan dalam kondisi kecepatan stabil minimum telah dicapai dibandingkan dengan menggunakan pengontrol Controlled Integral Derivative (PID) konvensional.
ANALISA PROTEKSI RELAY DIFFERENSIAL TERHADAP GANGGUAN EKSTERNAL TRANSFORMATOR
Authors: Hariyono Dedi
Published: January 2020

Pada transformator daya salah satu pengaman yang terpasang adalah rele differensial, rele differensial merupakan rele pengaman pada sebuah transformator yang mampu bekerja seketika tanpa berkoordinasi dengan rele disekitarnya, sehingga waktu kerja rele differensial dapat dibuat secepat mungkin. Sistem proteksi yang didukung oleh setting yang bagus pada rele differensial untuk menghindari kegagalan proteksi dan meningkatkan kualitas operasional sistem transmisi. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang di dapatkan dari PLTU Unit 4 belawan yang kemudian dilakukan perhitungan matematis untuk menentukan rasio current transformator, error mismatch,dan parameter – parameter pada rele differensial saat kondisi normal, serta menghitung parameter – parameter rele differensial saat kondisi gangguan. Rasio CT yang dipasang pada transformator di sisi tegangan primer 150kV adalah 400 : 5 A dan pada sisi tegangan sekunder 11 kV adalah 5000 : 5 A. hasil tersebut di ambil dengan pertimbangan hasil perhitungan arus ratting yaitu sebesar 342,8 A pada sisi tegangan primer 150 kV dan 4676,67 A pada sisi tegangan sekunder 11 kV. Arus setting yang didapat dari hasil perhitungan yaitu 0,3 A dan diharapkan dengan setting tersebut sistem proteksi transformator dapat bekerja dengan optimal.
DOES TAX AMNESTY INFLUENCE INTENTION TO COMPLY?: IF STUDENTS ARE TAXPAYERS ALREADY
Authors: Damayanti Theresia Woro , Nastiti Pambayun Kinasih Yekti , Supramono Supramono
Published: January 2020

Purpose – The implementation of the tax amnesty program in Indonesia is expected to increase the intention to comply. However, the effectiveness of the program is likely to depend on the intention of taxpayer compliance. The purpose of this study is to examine differences in the intention of taxpayer compliance based on perceived justice and the taxpayer’s attitude of the government. Research methodology – Primary data was obtained through experimental research involving 117 students who were enrolled in the taxation class. To ensure that participants understand their role as taxpayers in an experiment, a role test is performed and this also acts as a test of internal validity. Findings – The results showed that there was a difference in the intention to comply based on perceived justice over the implementation of tax amnesty and taxpayers’ attitudes of government. Further analysis indicated that if taxpayers feel justice and have a positive attitude towards the government, it will lead to the highest intention to comply. Research limitations – The relationship between the justice variable on tax amnesty and the intention to comply is also possibly influenced by the existence of other variables such as feelings of disappointment. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to do a study involving feelings of distress as a moderating variable in the relationship between justice and tax amnesty to comply. Practical implications – The government should continue to improve the performance and taxation system in order to create a positive attitude among taxpayers so that they will eventually comply with their tax obligations. Originality/Value – There are no previous studies that examined the interaction effect between the perceived justice of tax amnesty and taxpayer’s attitudes towards the government on intentions to comply.
Beyond Optical Depth: Future Determination of Ionization History from the Cosmic Microwave Background
Authors: Watts D. J. , Addison G. E. , Bennett C. L. , Weiland J. L.
Published: January 2020

We explore the fundamental limits to which reionization histories can be constrained using only large-scale cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy measurements. The redshift distribution of the fractional ionization x

e
(z) affects the angular distribution of CMB polarization. We project constraints on the reionization history of the universe using low-noise full-sky temperature and E-mode measurements of the CMB. We show that the measured TE power spectrum,

, has roughly one quarter of the constraining power of

on the reionization optical depth τ, and its addition improves the precision on τ by 20% over using

only. We also use a two-step reionization model with an additional high-redshift step, parameterized by an early ionization fraction

, and a late reionization step at z
re. We find that future high signal-to-noise measurements of the multipoles 10 ≤ ℓ < 20 are especially important for breaking the degeneracy between

and z
re. In addition, we show that the uncertainties on these parameters determined from a map with sensitivity 10 μK arcmin are less than 5% larger than the uncertainties in the noiseless case, making this noise level a natural target for future large sky area E-mode measurements.
Molecular Oxygen in the Nearest QSO Mrk 231
Authors: Wang Junzhi , Li Di , Goldsmith Paul F. , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Gao Yu , Shi Yong , Li Shanghuo , Fang Min , Li Juan , Zhang Jiangshui
Published: January 2020

We report the detection of an emission feature at the 12σ level with FWHM line width of about 450 km s−1 toward the nearest quasi-stellar object, QSO Mrk 231. Based on observations with the IRAM 30 m telescope and the Northern Extended Millimeter Array Interferometer, the 11–10 transition of molecular oxygen is the likely origin of the line with rest frequency close to 118.75 GHz. The velocity of the O2 emission in Mrk 231 coincides with the red wing seen in CO emission, suggesting that it is associated with the outflowing molecular gas, located mainly at about 10 kpc away from the central active galactic nucleus (AGN). This first detection of extragalactic molecular oxygen provides an ideal tool to study AGN-driven molecular outflows on dynamic timescales of tens of megayears. O2 may be a significant coolant for molecular gas in such regions affected by AGN-driven outflows. New astrochemical models are needed to explain the implied high molecular oxygen abundance in such regions several kiloparsecs away from the center of galaxies.
Quantifying the Toroidal Flux of Preexisting Flux Ropes of Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Xing C. , Cheng X. , Qiu Jiong , Hu Qiang , Priest E. R. , Ding M. D.
Published: January 2020

In past decades, much progress has been achieved in understanding the origin and evolution of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). In situ observations of the counterparts of CMEs, especially magnetic clouds (MCs) near the Earth, have provided measurements of the structure and total flux of CME flux ropes. However, it has been difficult to measure these properties in an erupting CME flux rope, in particular in a preexisting flux rope. In this work, we propose a model to estimate the toroidal flux of a preexisting flux rope by subtracting the flux contributed by magnetic reconnection during the eruption from the flux measured in the MC. The flux contributed by the reconnection is derived from geometric properties of two-ribbon flares based on a quasi-2D reconnection model. We then apply the model to four CME/flare events and find that the ratio of toroidal flux in the preexisting flux rope to that in the associated MC lies in the range 0.40–0.88. This indicates that the toroidal flux of the preexisting flux rope makes an important contribution to that of the CME flux rope and is usually at least as large as the flux arising from the eruption process for the selected events.
r-process Enrichment in the Galactic Halo Characterized by Nucleosynthesis Variation in the Ejecta of Coalescing Neutron Star Binaries
Authors: Tsujimoto Takuji , Nishimura Nobuya , Kyutoku Koutarou
Published: January 2020

A large star-to-star variation in the abundances of r-process elements, as seen in the [Eu/Fe] ratio for Galactic halo stars, is a prominent feature that is distinguishable from other heavy elements. It is, in part, caused by the presence of highly r-process-enriched stars, classified as r-II stars ([Eu/Fe] ≥ + 1). In parallel, halo stars show that the ratio of a light r-process element (Y) to Eu is tightly correlated with [Eu/Fe], giving the lowest [Y/Eu] ratio that levels off at r-II stars. On the other hand, recent hydrodynamical simulations of coalescing double neutron stars (cNSNSs) have suggested that r-process sites may be separated into two classes providing different electron-fraction distributions: tidally driven dynamical ejecta and (dynamical or postmerger) nontidal ejecta. Here, we show that a widely spanning feature of [Eu/Fe] can be reproduced by models that consider the different masses of tidally driven dynamical ejecta from both cNSNSs and coalescing black hole/neutron star binaries (cBHNSs). In addition, the observed [Y/Eu] trend is explained by the combined nucleosynthesis in two kinds of ejecta with varying mass asymmetry in double NS systems. Our scenario suggests that massive tidally driven dynamical ejecta accompanied by massive nontidal part from cNSNSs or cBHNSs could alone accommodate r-II abundances, including an actinide boost in some cases. The event rate for cNSNSs estimated from our study agrees with the latest result of ∼1000 (90% confidence interval of 110–3840) Gpc−3yr−1 by gravitational-wave detection, and a few events per Gpc3 per year of cBHNSs associated with r-process production are predicted to emerge.
A Neutral Beam Model for High-energy Neutrino Emission from the Blazar TXS 0506+056
Authors: Zhang B. Theodore , Petropoulou Maria , Murase Kohta , Oikonomou Foteini
Published: January 2020

The IceCube collaboration reported an ∼3.5σ excess of 13 ± 5 neutrino events in the direction of the blazar TXS 0506+056 during an ∼6 month period in 2014–2015, as well as the (∼3σ) detection of a high-energy muon neutrino during an electromagnetic flare in 2017. We explore the possibility that the 2014–2015 neutrino excess and the 2017 multimessenger flare are both explained in a common physical framework that relies on the emergence of a relativistic neutral beam in the blazar jet due to interactions of accelerated cosmic rays (CRs) with photons. We demonstrate that the neutral beam model provides an explanation for the 2014–2015 neutrino excess without violating X-ray and γ-ray constraints and yields results consistent with the detection of one high-energy neutrino during the 2017 flare. If both neutrino associations with TXS 05065+056 are real, our model requires that (i) the composition of accelerated CRs is light, with a ratio of helium nuclei to protons ≳5; (ii) a luminous external photon field (∼1046 erg s−1) variable (on yearlong timescales) is present; and (iii) the CR injection luminosity, as well as the properties of the dissipation region (i.e., Lorentz factor, magnetic field, and size), vary on yearlong timescales.
Preparation and Evaluation of Sunflower Oil Nanoemulsion As a Sunscreen
Authors: Arianto Anayanti , Cindy Cindy
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND: There are a lot of different types of sunscreen products (oils, sticks, gels, creams, lotions) which can be found on the world's market. Sunscreen product that contains active chemical ingredients sometimes has harmful effects on the skin. Sunflower oil contains vitamin E and acts as a natural sunscreen which can absorb UVB light. The average droplet size of nanoemulsion is between 100 and 500 nm and do not show the problems of stability (creaming, flocculation, coalescence, and sedimentation), which are commonly associated with macroemulsions.
AIM: The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate the sunflower oil nanoemulsion as a sunscreen.
METHODS: Sunflower oil nanoemulsions were prepared by spontaneous emulsification method with 3 formulas F1 (Tween 80 38%, sorbitol 22%), F2 (Tween 80 36%, sorbitol 24%), F3 (Tween 80 34%, sorbitol 26%) and 5% sunflower oil as a sunscreen substance. The nanoemulsions were evaluated for particle size, physical stability in room temperature (25 ± 2°C), low temperature (4 ± 2°C) and high temperature (40 ± 2°C) during experiment for 12 weeks of storage, centrifugation at 3750 rpm for 5 hours, viscosity, pH, freeze-thaw test and sun protection value (SPF) value by in vitro.
RESULTS: The results of nanoemulsion evaluation showed that nanoemulsion formula F1 had the smallest average particle size of 124.47 nm with yellowish colour, clear, transparent, pH value (6.5 ± 0.1), viscosity value (225 ± 25 cP), did not show any separation or creaming in the centrifugation, and stable during experiment for 12 weeks of storage at room temperature, low temperature and high temperature. The SPF value of all nanoemulsion preparations was higher than that of the emulsion.
CONCLUSION: The preparation of the sunflower oil nanoemulsion with a ratio of Tween 80 and sorbitol (38: 22) produces a stable nanoemulsion during the experiment for 12 weeks storage at the room, low and high temperature. The nanoemulsion preparation has higher SPF values compared to the emulsion. This nanoemulsion formulation could be considered more effective in sunscreen cosmetic use compare to the emulsion.
Prominent Secondary Metabolites from Selected Genus of Avicennia Leaves
Authors: Basyuni Mohammad , Illian Didi Nurhadi , Istiqomah Meighina Atika , Sari Dini Permata , Nuryawan Arif , Hasibuan Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun , Sumaiyah Sumaiyah , Siregar Etti Sartina
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND: Mangrove plants distributed in the intertidal of the tropical and subtropical region including in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The production of secondary metabolite compounds is well known to mangroves. Characterisation of prominent compounds from mangrove plants such as genus of Avicennia is required to explore for their biological and pharmacological properties of these compounds.
AIM: The purpose of this research was to analyse the prominent secondary metabolites through the characterisation of phytochemical, physicochemical, and microscopic of the mangrove genus Avicennia leaves, particularly Avicennia alba, A. lanata, A. marina, and A. officinalis.
METHODS: Phytochemical screening was carried out on Avicennia spp leaves to the established process. Physicochemical characters of mangrove leaves were investigated by simplicial powder consisting of moisture content, water-soluble, ethanol-soluble, ash content and ash soluble acid according to the WHO formula. Microscopic analysis on the simplicial powder was carried out based on the WHO procedure.
RESULTS: The result showed that physicochemical feature displays diversity among the species and important findings on the water concentration was less than 10% as a prerequisite for the drug. The phytochemical search of simplified grain also depicted divergence among the species, only alkaloid, saponin, and triterpenoid or phytosterol were found entirely in Avicennia spp leaves. Microscopic search found a similar type of stoma in Avicennia spp leaves, namely diacytic.
CONCLUSION: The prominent secondary metabolites in Avicennia spp leaves consisting of alkaloid and saponin in simplicial and triterpenoid/sterol was either in simplicial or hexane extract. The present study may provide significant pharmacological properties from mangrove Avicennia genus green foliages, which could accelerate another prospect for non-wood mangrove utilisation.
nus green foliages, which could accelerate another prospect for non-wood mangrove utilization.
Ethanolic Extract of Herb Pugun Tanoh (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) Modulates TCD4+ and TCD8+ Cell Profile of Doxorubicin-Induced Immuno-Suppressed Rats
Authors: Lubis Mustafa Ridwan , Haryani Reny , Safriana Safriana , Satria Denny
Published: January 2020

AIM: To evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of ethanolic extract of herb pugun tanoh on TCD4 and TCD8 cells in Doxorubicin-induced rats.
METHODS: Fifteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups consisting of six rats each as follows: Group 1, DOX-treated rats (4.67 mg/kg BW body weight on day 1 and 4) and were administered normal saline 0.9% orally once daily for 7 consecutive days, Group 2, receiving Ethanolic Extract of Herb Pugun Tanoh (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) of dose 150 mg/kg BW orally, Group 3, receiving dose Ethanolic Extract of Herb Pugun Tanoh (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) 300 mg/kg BW orally. The rats of group 2-3 were intramuscularly administered with doxorubicin at a dose of 4.67 mg/kg BW at the days 1-4 to suppress immune functions.
RESULTS: Treatment of 300 mg/kg BW of Ethanolic Extract of Herb Pugun Tanoh (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) succeeded in reducing side effect doxorubicin based on increasing the TCD4+ and TCD8+ blood level.
CONCLUSION: Ethanolic Extract of Herb Pugun Tanoh (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) could increase the level of TCD4+ and TCD8+ in rats which induced by doxorubicin.
The genus Amegilla (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Anthophorini) in Australia: a revision of the subgenus Asaropoda
Authors: Leijs Remko , Dorey James , Hogendoorn Katja
Published: January 2020

The species in the subgenus Amegilla (Asaropoda) are revised. Species delineation was decided based on diagnostic morphological characters as well as an incomplete phylogeny based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 sequence data. Strong support was obtained for separating the Australian species ofAmegillainto the three subgenera previously proposed on the basis of morphology. The subgenus Asaropoda was found to comprise 21 species, including ten new species:A. albiclypeataLeijs,sp. nov.,A. aurantiaLeijs,sp. nov.,A. batleyiLeijs,sp. nov.,A. crenataLeijs,sp. nov.,A. griseocinctaLeijs,sp. nov.,A. incognitaLeijs,sp. nov.,A. nitidiventrisLeijs,sp. nov.,A. scopariaLeijs,sp. nov.,A. xylocopoidesLeijs,sp. nov., andA. youngiLeijs,sp. nov.The subspeciesA. preissi frogattiis raised to species level, and 16 new synonymies are proposed. Keys to the species of both sexes and descriptions or redescriptions are provided. Distribution maps, data on flower visitation and phenology are given.
Langage et protogenèse des normes chez Fichte
Authors: Maesschalck Marc
Published: January 2020

L’article tente une analyse prospective des positions de Fichte en théorie du langage à partir d’un texte de jeunesse sur la faculté langagière. La thèse consiste à établir un lien avec la construction fichtéenne de cette faculté et l’origine des approches structurales héritières du formalisme russe, en particulier chez Jakobson et Vygotski.
Fichte et le langage. Le « Lyrisme transcendantal » contre la dissolution
Authors: Dumont Augustin
Published: January 2020

L’objectif de cet article est de revenir sur la singulière configuration qu’offre l’usage fichtéen du langage eu égard à la nécessité d’une exposition dans et par la langue naturelle de la genèse transcendantale des conditions de possibilité du savoir. Dans un premier temps, l’on procède à quelques rappels contextuels permettant de se familiariser avec les « codes » utilisés par Fichte dans ses exigences relatives au langage. Dans un second temps, l’on illustre son positionnement par le commentaire de quelques extraits de texte significatifs. Dans un troisième temps, l’on formule une proposition interprétative du mode de présentation écrit du transcendantalisme fichtéen. On montre que l’écriture transcendantale vise à traduire dans le langage l’exigence d’une intensification de l’expérience présente de l’intuition intellectuelle.
L’Antiquité et la culture humaniste au XVI e siècle
Authors: Roman Sébastien
Published: January 2020

Il est arrivé que l’on compare Machiavel à La Boétie pour grossièrement les opposer, selon l’idée fausse que le premier serait du côté du prince, et le second du côté du peuple. Nous proposons, ici, une étude comparative de leurs pensées qui se concentre sur leur manière de lire les Anciens et de se situer vis-à-vis de la culture humaniste de leur époque, pour mieux saisir adéquatement leurs différences et leurs similitudes.