bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of non‐cystic fibrosis‐related bronchiectasis post‐lung transplantation
Authors: Kennedy Jessica L. , Walker Anne , Ellender Claire M. , Steinfort Kate , Martin Catherine , Smith Catherine , Snell Gregory , Whitford Helen
Published: March 2021

Background

Lung transplantation is a recognised treatment for end‐stage lung disease due to bronchiectasis. Non‐cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis and CF are often combined into one cohort; however, outcomes for non‐CF bronchiectasis patients vary between centres, and in comparison with those for CF.

Aims

To compare lung transplantation mortality and morbidity of bronchiectasis (non‐CF) patients with those with CF and other indications.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of patients undergoing lung transplantation between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2013. Time to and cause of lung allograft loss was censored on 1 April 2018. A case‐note review was conducted on a subgroup of 78 patients, to analyse hospital admissions as a marker of morbidity.

Results

A total of 341 patients underwent lung transplantation; 22 (6%) had bronchiectasis compared with 69 (20%) with CF. The 5‐year survival for the bronchiectasis group was 32%, compared with CF (69%), obstructive lung disease (OLD) (64%), pulmonary hypertension (62%) and ILD (55%) (P = 0.008). Lung allograft loss due to chronic lung allograft dysfunction with predominant infection was significantly higher in the bronchiectasis group at 2 years. The rate of acute admissions was 2.24 higher in the bronchiectasis group when compared with OLD (P = 0.01). Patients with bronchiectasis spent 45.81 days in hospital per person year after transplantation compared with 18.21 days for CF.

Conclusions

Bronchiectasis patients in the present study had a lower 5‐year survival and poorer outcomes in comparison with other indications including CF. Bronchiectasis should be considered a separate entity to CF in survival analysis.
Gastric mucosal changes, and sex differences therein, after Helicobacter pylori eradication: A long‐term prospective follow‐up study
Authors: Kodama Masaaki , Okimoto Tadayoshi , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Hirashita Yuka , Wada Yasuhiro , Fukuda Masahide , Matsunari Osamu , Okamoto Kazuhisa , Ogawa Ryo , Fukuda Kensuke , Kudo Yoko , Kawahara Yoshinari , Murakami Kazunari
Published: March 2021

Background and Aim

Improvement of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia (IM) is considered to reduce the gastric cancer risk, but whether it can be achieved by H. pylori eradication (HPE) remains controversial. To evaluate the effect of HPE, we observed the gastric mucosa for up to17 years after HPE and sex differences in gastric mucosa.

Methods

In total, 172 patients (94 males, 78 females) with HPE were enrolled. Annual histological evaluations were performed for up to 17 years. The grades of mononuclear cells, neutrophils, atrophy, IM in the antrum and corpus were evaluated using the updated Sydney system.

Results

Relative to the pre‐HPE period, atrophy had improved significantly 1 year after HPE in the antrum (1.50 ± 0.75 vs. 1.21 ± 1.25, P < 0.01) and corpus (0.59 ± 0.75 vs. 0.18 ± 0.52, P < 0.05). IM showed no significant change during 17 years after HPE at either biopsy site. Atrophy scores did not differ significantly between males and females. IM scores were significantly higher in males than in females before eradication (antrum, 0.67 ± 0.94 vs. 0.44 ± 0.77, P = 0.003, corpus, 0.20 ± 0.62 vs. 0.047 ± 0.21, P = 0.0027) and at most observation timepoints.

Conclusions

During 17 years after HPE, atrophy, but not IM, improved significantly at the greater curvatures of the antrum and corpus. IM was significantly more severe in males than in females. Careful follow‐up after HPE based on sex differences in gastric mucosal characteristics is important.
N‐glycosylation of the human neuropeptide QRFP receptor (QRFPR) is essential for ligand binding and receptor activation
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Tian Yanan , Shi Xiaoliu , Ma Qiang , Xu Yue , Yang Gangjie , Yi Wen , Shi Ying , Zhou Naiming
Published: March 2021

The newly identified pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide (QRFP) signaling system has been shown to be implicated in regulating a variety of physiological processes. G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are preferentially N‐glycosylated on extracellular domains. The human QRFP receptor QRFPR (GPR103) possesses three N‐glycosylation consensus sites, two located on the N‐terminal domain (N5 and N19) and one on the first extracellular loop (ECL1) (N106); however, to date, their role in QRFPR expression and signaling has not been established. Here, we combined mutants with glutamine substitution of the critical asparagines of the consensus sites with glycosidase PNGase F and N‐glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin to study the effect of N‐glycosylation in the regulation of QRFPR cell surface expression and signaling. Western blot analysis performed with site‐directed mutagenesis revealed that two asparagines at N19 in the N‐terminus and N106 in ECL1, but not N5 in the N‐terminus, served as sites for N‐glycosylation. Treatment with PNGase F and tunicamycin resulted in a reduction in both two‐protein species, ~43 kDa and ~85 kDa in size, by 2–4 kDa. Analysis with confocal microscopy and quantitative ELISA showed that N‐glycosylation of QRFPR is not essentially required for targeting the cell membrane. However, further binding assay and functional assays demonstrated that removal of N‐glycosylation sequons or treatment with tunicamycin led to significant impairments in the interaction of receptor with QRFP26 and downstream signaling. Thus, our findings suggest that for the human QRFP receptor (QRFPR), N‐glycosylation is not important for cell surface expression but is a pre‐requisite for ligand binding and receptor activation.

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Effect of dermal fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells seeded on an amniotic membrane scaffold in skin regeneration: A case series
Authors: Hashemi Seyedeh‐Sara , Mohammadi Ali Akbar , Moshirabadi Kasra , Zardosht Mitra
Published: March 2021

Background

Skin wound healing has always been a challenging subject as it involves the coordinated functioning of various cells and molecules. Any disorder in wound healing can cause healing failure and result in chronic wounds. In this study, we hypothesized that co‐cultured dermal fibroblasts (DFs) and Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ‐MSCs) seeded on an acellular amniotic membrane scaffold could be used to promote skin regeneration in chronic ulcers.

Materials and Methods

In this case series, the chronic wounds of five diabetic patients aged between 30 and 60 years were treated with co‐cultured WJ‐MSCs and DFs seeded on an acellular amniotic membrane. Treatment was applied and the wound healing process was evaluated every three days for nine days, with the patients being subsequently followed up for one month. The wound healing percentage, time taken for the wound to heal, and wound size were monitored.

Results

The mean wound healing rate (WHR) increased progressively in all lesions. The mean percentage of wound healing after transplantation of the biological scaffold enriched with WJ‐MSCs and autologous DFs after treatment was 93.92%, respectively. The healing percentage significantly increased after three days; significant decreases in wound size and healing time were recorded after six and nine days of treatment, respectively (p < 0.002); and total skin regeneration and re‐epithelialization were achieved by the ninth day of treatment. There were no side effects or complications.

Conclusion

Given the current problems and complications presented by chronic wounds, Novel Clinical approaches involving cell therapy and tissue engineering can be regarded as an attractive therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic and difficult‐to‐heal wounds.
You Speak, I Speak: The Social‐Cognitive Mechanisms of Voice Contagion
Authors: Ng Thomas W. H. , Lucianetti Lorenzo , Hsu Dennis Y. , Yim Frederick H. K. , Sorensen Kelly L.
Published: March 2021

This study examines whether and how constructive voice (i.e., suggestions intended to promote positive changes at work) is contagious. Guided by social cognitive theory, we propose that witnessing a co‐worker’s voice increases an employee’s propensity to engage in voice via two parallel psychological mechanisms: voice self‐efficacy beliefs and voice instrumentality beliefs. Data collected from a vignette experiment (N = 661), an experience‐recall experiment (N = 548), and a field study (N = 549) provide evidence supporting the proposed voice contagion. The results also suggest that voice contagion is activated by witnessing the voice of any co‐worker, as the evidence supported voice contagion even when controlling for employees’ evaluations of co‐workers’ warmth and competence. Thus, this study contributes to the voice literature by identifying social learning from co‐worker voice as a crucial relational antecedent of employee voice and revealing two possible processes by which voice spreads in the workplace.
Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase Physical Activity Among Hispanic‐American Middle School Students
Authors: Arlinghaus Katherine R. , Ledoux Tracey A. , Johnston Craig A.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) declines during adolescence, particularly among girls. In this randomized control trial, we examined MVPA in a physical activity intervention compared to physical education (PE) class as usual (TAU), stratified by sex and weight classification. Standardized BMI (zBMI) overtime was also examined.

METHODS

Hispanic‐American middle school students (N = 193) were recruited from a school district in Houston, Texas. Participants were randomized to either a circuit‐based physical activity intervention or TAU (PE class as usual). MVPA was assessed using accelerometry at baseline and 6 months. Repeated measures ANCOVA were conducted to examine changes in MVPA, overall and stratified by sex and weight classification. This procedure was repeated for zBMI.

RESULTS

Participants were 12.10 ± 0.63 years old and 53% were girls. Overall those in intervention increased weekday MVPA more than TAU (F(1,190) = 7.03, p < .01). Intervention girls increased weekday MVPA; whereas TAU girls decreased weekday MVPA (F(1,99) = 7.36, p < .01). Among those with obesity, there was no difference in MVPA between conditions (F(1, 56) = 0.33, p = .57), but Intervention decreased zBMI significantly more than TAU (F(1, 56) = 6.16, p < .05).

CONCLUSIONS

Structured PE classes grounded in behavioral theory may be an important strategy to prevent typical decreases in MVPA during adolescence, particularly among girls and for youth with obesity.
In sacco evaluation of ruminal degradability of isoflavones from full‐fat soybean and extracted soybean meal—A pilot study
Authors: Křížová Ludmila , Němcová Zuzana , Dadáková Kateřina , Chrenková Mária
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), daidzein, genistein, glycitein and total isoflavones in ground full‐fat soybean (GFFS) and solvent‐extracted soybean meal (SSBM) using the in sacco method. The experiment was carried out in three replications on ruminally cannulated sheep that were fed twice a day with a diet consisted of hay and supplemental mixture (6:4, DM basis). The nylon bags with 2 g feed samples ground to 2 mm were incubated in the rumen for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h. The effective degradability (ED) of DM, daidzein, genistein, glycitein and total isoflavones was calculated at outflow rate of 0.06 h. The ED of DM in GFFS was 77.8% and was higher than in SSBM being 71.8% (p < 0.001). The ED of daidzein (96.8%) and genistein (93.6%) was higher for SSBM compared with GFFS (93.9% and 92.8%, p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively) while ED of glycitein was lower for SSBM than for GFFS (75.5 and 81.7%, respectively, p < 0.001). All isoflavones in the incubations were extensively degraded in the rumen, and regardless of dietary source, they were almost completely degraded after 16 h of incubation. Further, the disappearance patterns, that is the functions describing the time courses of the analyte disappearance, were assessed. The disappearance patterns of daidzein, genistein, glycitein and total isoflavones were similar and showed greater disappearance of mentioned isoflavones from SSBM compared to GFFS (p < 0.001 for daidzein, genistein and total isoflavones and p = 0.002 for glycitein). The study provides knowledge on the effect of processing on degradability of isoflavones in rumen that can be used to clarify the interrelationship between isoflavones and rumen microbiota.
Tryptophan in poultry nutrition: Impacts and mechanisms of action
Authors: Fouad Ahmed Mohamed , El‐Senousey HebatAllah Kasem , Ruan Dong , Wang Shuang , Xia Weiguang , Zheng Chuntian
Published: March 2021

Many studies have shown that productivity, immune system, antioxidant status, and meat and egg quality can be optimized by dietary supplementation with amino acids that are not usually added to poultry diets. Understanding the effects of these amino acids may encourage feed manufacturers and poultry producers to include them as additives. One of these amino acids is tryptophan (Trp). The importance of Trp is directly related to its role in protein anabolism and indirectly related to its metabolites such as serotonin and melatonin. Thus, Trp could affect the secretion of hormones, development of immune organs, meat and egg production, and meat and egg quality in poultry raised under controlled or stressed conditions. Therefore, this review discusses the main roles of Trp in poultry production and its mode (s) of action in order to help poultry producers decide whether they need to add Trp to poultry diets. Further areas of research are also identified to address information gaps.
Effects of phenylbutazone alone or in combination with a nutritional therapeutic on gastric ulcers, intestinal permeability, and fecal microbiota in horses
Authors: Whitfield‐Cargile Canaan M. , Coleman Michelle C. , Cohen Noah D. , Chamoun‐Emanuelli Ana M. , DeSolis Cristobal Navas , Tetrault Taylor , Sowinski Ryan , Bradbery Amanda , Much Mattea
Published: March 2021

Background

Gastrointestinal (GI) injury and dysbiosis are adverse events associated with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) use in horses. Phenylbutazone has been shown to alter GI barrier function both in vitro and ex vivo, but its effects on barrier function have not been assessed in vivo. In addition, the ability of nutritional therapeutics to prevent these changes is not known.

Objective

Our objectives were to determine whether (a) phenylbutazone affected barrier function in vivo and (b) if phenylbutazone‐induced GI injury could be ameliorated by the use of a nutritional therapeutic.

Animals

Thirty healthy horses were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 10 per group): control, phenylbutazone, or phenylbutazone plus nutritional therapeutic.

Methods

This study was conducted as a blinded, randomized block design. All horses were managed identically throughout the study period. Samples were collected throughout the study period to monitor fecal microbiota changes and gastric ulcers before and after treatment. Quantification of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene in blood was used as a marker of intestinal permeability.

Results

Phenylbutazone increased amounts of bacterial 16S rDNA in circulation 3.02‐fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1.89‐4.17), increased gastric ulceration score by a mean of 1.1 grade (P = .02), and induced specific changes in the microbiota, including loss of Pseudobutyrivibrio of family Lachnospiraceae. These changes were attenuated by nutritional treatment.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Collectively, these findings suggest that phenylbutazone induces GI injury, including impaired barrier function, and that nutritional treatment could attenuate these changes.
Denning, metabolic suppression, and the realisation of ecological opportunities in Ursidae
Authors: Fowler Nicholas L. , Spady Thomas J. , Wang Guiming , Leopold Bruce D. , Belant Jerrold L.
Published: March 2021

Through realisation of ecological opportunities, populations and species can experience relaxed selection pressures, facilitating ecological release and leading to rapid speciation and morphological diversification. Behavioural plasticity in response to environmental change contributes to diversification by exposing individuals to novel conditions through their interactions with resources or dispersal to new areas. Despite strong theoretical support, demonstrations of this evolutionary process are rare.

The family Ursidae is the product of one or more adaptive radiations following the Miocene–Pliocene transition. Denning behaviour associated with over‐winter seclusion, fasting, and parturition coinciding with seasonally decreased food availability appears to be paraphyletic in Ursidae phylogenies. However, female bears of all species undergo varying degrees of seclusion and fasting during parturition and early post‐natal care, which is not consistent with periods of seasonally decreased food availability. As denning behaviour is tightly linked to fitness through energetics and reproduction, these behaviours are suspected to be under strong selection. Mechanisms responsible for the observed variability among species, populations, and individuals have not been explored.

In this review, we detail the evolutionary history of extinct and extant Ursidae regarding expression of denning behaviour and as a function of realised ecological opportunities. We compare behaviours across Ursidae and contextualise our results within extant species ecology.

We demonstrate the role of relaxed extrinsic and intrinsic factors in the expression of metabolic suppression among Ursidae species, and across populations and reproductive groups, through the realisation of ecological opportunities. In doing so, we propose a more refined consideration of and perspective on this behaviour and provide a mechanism for the adaptive radiation in Ursidae.
Effect of calcined lime (CaO) on chlamydospores of the rice false smut pathogen, Villosiclava virens, and their root attachment and infection
Authors: Nakajima Hirokazu , Mitsunaga Takayuki , Ashizawa Taketo
Published: March 2021

Rice false smut caused by Villosiclava virens is a devastating disease. The smut balls contain chlamydospores, which fall onto paddy soils to become the primary inoculum. After transplanting, the chlamydospores subsequently germinate and infect rice roots. The application of a CaO‐containing fertilizer to paddy soils can inhibit the development of rice false smut disease; however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the suppression of chlamydospore behaviour due to CaO. Specifically, we clarified the effects of the following on chlamydospore morphology and germination: (a) pH, (b) calcium (Ca) concentration, (c) Ca concentration (pH adjusted to 6.5), and (d) CaO‐added soil solution. Germination was suppressed at pH 4 and 10, in contrast with the normal germination at pH 6, 7, and 8. Treatments with more than 10 mg/L Ca melted the outer layer of chlamydospores and suppressed germination regardless of whether the pH was adjusted to 6.5. A saturated CaO solution induced bursting of chlamydospores. Suppressed germination and a melted outer chlamydospore layer were also observed, even though the soil buffering effect initially prevented the CaO‐mediated pH increase. Furthermore, the chlamydospores within 15 mm from the CaO small lump exhibited suppressed germination in soil. In addition, there was no effect of CaO treatment on chlamydospore attachment to rice roots and hyphal invasion of rice roots in in vitro inoculation tests. These results suggest that Ca concentration is an important factor for inhibiting the occurrence of rice false smut disease.
Basal myokine levels are associated with quality of life and depressed mood in older adults
Authors: Mucher Patrick , Batmyagmar Delgerdalai , Perkmann Thomas , Repl Manuela , Radakovics Astrid , Ponocny‐Seliger Elisabeth , Lukas Ina , Fritzer‐Szekeres Monika , Lehrner Johann , Knogler Thomas , Tscholakoff Dimiter , Fondi Martina , Wagner Oswald F , Winker Robert , Haslacher Helmuth
Published: March 2021

In an aging society, late‐life depression has become an increasing problem. There is evidence that physical activity ameliorates depressive symptoms and increases the quality of life (QoL). However, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Myokines are molecules secreted in response to muscle contraction. Some of them can cross the blood‐brain barrier, making them promising candidates for mediating the beneficial effects of physical activity on mood. The present study aims to compare circulating myokine levels to depression/QoL in older athletes and controls. 55 athletes, 57 controls >59 years were enrolled. The assessment included ergometry, magnetic resonance imaging, blood withdrawal, and neuropsychological testing. Serum interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), irisin, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), kynurenine, and cathepsin B were analyzed and compared to surrogates of depression and quality of life. Athletes presented with higher levels of Cathepsin B. Among controls, all myokines but irisin were associated with age. Also, among controls, kynurenine and IL‐6 correlated inversely with specific dimensions of quality of life questionnaires, and IL‐6 further with depressive symptoms and decreased physical performance. No such associations could be found among athletes. Irisin levels were inversely associated with mild depression and low‐grade white matter‐lesions in the brain and predicted impaired QoL. The circulating levels of several myokines/muscle activity‐related factors appear to be associated with depressive symptoms and impaired QoL among older adults. However, in athletes, some of these connections seem ameliorated, suggesting additional stressors (as f.e. age) or a different pathomechanism among athletes.
Comparing accuracy of fish sperm motility measurements obtained from two computational extremes in tracking approaches: Nearest neighbor and multiple hypothesis tracking
Authors: Neumann Giovano , Joaquim Bernardes Junior Jurandir , Neumann Valdecir , Bombardelli Robie Allan
Published: March 2021

We conducted a study to assess the accuracy of nearest neighbour (NN) and multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT) methods—which are opposite extremes in computational complexity—in determining the percentage of motile sperms and the number of sperms tracked in simulated data of fish sperm movements, and to evaluate the resulting number of tracking errors and analysis duration. Sperm tracking and swimming path assembly were assessed in 36 video clips (1 s length at 100 fps) of emulated Rhamdia quelen sperm kinetics at different densities (50, 100, 200 or 300 spermatozoa in the field of view) and motility rates (30, 60 or 90%). The MHT method accurately estimated the percentage of motile sperms, whereas NN underestimated it by up to 6.59%. Increase in sperm density reduced the number of sperms tracked from both trackers. With more than 50 sperms in the field of view, NN and MHT tracked 73% and 92% of the ground‐truth sperm count, respectively. Both trackers showed a quadratic increase in tracking errors with increasing sperm density. The maximum percentage of errors at 90% motility was 12% for NN and 4.7% for MHT. The MHT tracker required up to 150 s to track 300 sperms, whereas NN completed the tracking procedure in less than 0.5 s. On maintaining a density of up to 100 sperms in the field of view, it was possible to obtain high accuracy, low number of tracking errors and an acceptable analysis duration with both tracking methods.
Once upon a queer theory
Authors: Brintnall Kent L.
Published: March 2021

Focusing on Teresa de Lauretis' invention of and interventions in queer theory, this essay crafts a narrative of queer theory, both to orient the reader to some of the key ideas, questions, and themes that constitute queer theory, and to highlight disagreements about how to tell the story of queer theory's content, development, and focus.
Assay variability and storage stability of the myeloperoxidase index of the ADVIA 2120i hematology analyzer in canine and equine whole blood samples
Authors: Chu Shelley Ann Ash , Stokol Tracy
Published: March 2021

Background

The myeloperoxidase index (MPXI), on ADVIA hematology analyzers, reflects the mean neutrophil myeloperoxidase staining. It is used as a marker of inflammation in animals and people, but assay variability and storage stability are unknown.

Objective

We aimed to determine MPXI precision and stability with refrigerated storage of canine and equine EDTA‐anticoagulated blood and compared MPXI results between two analyzers.

Methods

Inter‐assay coefficients of variations (CVs) were determined from three human‐based controls assayed before and after a 20‐ or 21‐day calibration. Blood from 14‐16 dogs and 26 horses was assayed 4‐10 times within 1 day for intra‐assay CV measurements. Median control and single run results from 18 canine and 35 equine samples were compared between analyzers. Blood from 10‐12 dogs and 10‐11 horses was analyzed after collection, and 24, 48, and 72 hours of refrigerated storage.

Results

Inter‐assay CVs of controls were 10.7%‐15.9% and 6.4%‐9.6% before and 4.3%‐7.7% and 2.8%‐17.5% after calibration, for ADVIA 1 and 2, respectively. Calibration altered peroxidase gain settings and improved precision. Intra‐assay CVs were 0.6%‐64% and 3%‐350% for canine and equine samples, respectively. Median MPXI results differed significantly between the analyzers, likely from calibration‐associated changes in gains. MPXI decreased with storage, and with variable changes between animals and analyzers. Platelet clumps and lipid contributed to the variability in replicate MPXI measurements.

Conclusion

MPXI has a higher variability in equine samples than in canine samples. Equivalent results might not be obtained between analyzers. Results change unpredictably with repeated analyses over 72 hours. MPXI measurements might only be useful in controlled research settings.
Assessment of a smartphone‐based application for diabetic foot ulcer measurement
Authors: Kuang Beatrice , Pena Guilherme , Szpak Zygmunt , Edwards Suzanne , Battersby Ruth , Cowled Prue , Dawson Joseph , Fitridge Robert
Published: March 2021

The accurate measurement of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) wound size is essential as the rate of wound healing is a significant prognostic indicator of the likelihood of complete wound healing. Mobile phone photography is often used for surveillance and to aid in telemedicine consultations. However, there remains no accurate and objective measurement of wound size integrated into these photos. The NDKare mobile phone application has been developed to address this need and our study evaluates its accuracy and practicality for DFU wound size assessment. The NDKare mobile phone application was evaluated for its accuracy in two‐ (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) wound measurement. One hundred and fifteen diabetic foot wounds were assessed for wound surface area, depth and volume accuracy in comparison to Visitrak and the WoundVue camera. Thirty five wounds had two assessors with different mobiles phones utilizing both applications to assess the reproducibility of the measurements. The 2D surface area measurements by NDKare showed excellent concordance with Visitrak and WoundVue measurements (ICC: 0.991 [95% CI: 0.988, 0.993]) and between different users (ICC: 0.98 [95% CI: 0.96, 0.99)]. The 3D NDKare measurements had good agreement for depth and fair agreement for volume with the WoundVue camera. The NDKare phone application can consistently and accurately obtain 2D measurements of diabetic foot wounds with mobile phone photography. This is a quick and readily accessible tool which can be integrated into comprehensive diabetic wound care.
Clams and potential foodborne Toxoplasma gondii in Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Fung Rebecca , Manore Anna J. W. , Harper Sherilee L. , Sargeant Jan M. , Shirley Jamal , Caughey Amy , Shapiro Karen
Published: March 2021

The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii exposure in Inuit living in Nunavut (20%) is twice that of the US (11%); however, routes of exposure for Inuit communities in North America are unclear. Exposure to T. gondii in humans has been linked with consumption of raw or undercooked shellfish that can accumulate environmentally resistant oocysts. Bivalve shellfish, such as clams, are an important, nutritious, affordable and accessible source of food in many Northern Communities. To date, presence of T. gondii in clams in Northern Canada has not been reported. In this study, we tested for T. gondii presence in clams (Mya truncata) that were harvested in Iqaluit, Nunavut over a 1‐week period in September 2016. Of 390 clams, eight (2.1%) were confirmed to contain T. gondii DNA (≥99.7% identity), as determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence confirmation. Additionally, three clams (0.8%) were confirmed to contain Neospora caninum‐like DNA (≥99.2% identity). While N. caninum is not known to be a zoonotic pathogen, its presence in shellfish indicates contamination of the nearshore with canid faeces, and the potential for marine mammal exposure through marine food webs. Notably, the PCR assay employed in this study does not discriminate between viable and non‐viable parasites. These findings suggest a possible route for parasite exposure through shellfish in Iqaluit, Nunavut. Future research employing viability testing will further inform public health messaging on the infectious potential of T. gondii in shellfish.
“Hablan en bilingüe”: repertorios lingüísticos guaraní-castellano en Corrientes, Argentina
Authors: Alegre Tamara Daiana , Gandulfo Carolina
Published: March 2021

En este artículo de investigación se describe cómo una investigación en colaboración sobre repertorios lingüísticos en un contexto bilingüe guaraní-castellano se articuló con las  actividades escolares en una escuela secundaria rural de Corrientes, Argentina.Se construye una caracterización sociolingüística a partir de los registros de observación de eventos comunicativos realizados por los estudiantes. Dos situaciones etnográficas, en el marco de actividades de análisis, dan cuenta de cómo se resitúan y resignifican los usos lingüísticos,sus significaciones,así como los hablantes de guaraní,en el espacio escolar y familiar.La categoría nativa “hablar en bilingüe” aporta una perspectiva original para describir los repertorios lingüísticos estudiados.
Influence Surfaces for Stresses in Slabs
Authors: Baron Francis M.
Published: March 2021

The investigation reported herein presents a formal analytical solution of some problems involving influence surfaces for stresses in slabs. It deals primarily with the determination of influence diagrams for stresses in homogeneous elastic slabs and is based upon the extension of Müller-Breslau’s principle established in structural mechanics. The analysis is based upon the classical procedure of obtaining a solution of Lagrange’s differential equation of the deflected middle surface of the slab, satisfying at the same time, all of the boundary conditions at the various edges.

Systematic use of a stress function, introduced by Nádai in the theory of slabs, is made in forming the expressions for bending moments, twisting moments, and shears at any point of a semi-infinite slab cantilevered from a single fixed edge. The problem is meant only as an illustration in the use of Nádai’s stress function when a fixed edge condition is desired.

The influence surface for a bending moment at a point on the fixed edge of an infinitely long rectangular slab, with a fixed edge transverse to two parallel simply supported edges, is defined by a function in finite form. Contour lines of the influence surfaces for the bending moments at the quarter points and at the mid-point of the fixed edge are given.

The solution for the infinitely long rectangular slab is considered as a basic solution to which a correction function is added to obtain any desired condition along a line parallel to the fixed edge. The correction functions required to obtain either a simple or fixed support along a line parallel to the given fixed edge are stated in the form of an infinite series. A few illustrative figures of the resultant diagrams are given. Approximate formulas for the correction functions are also stated.

Influence functions are stated for the moments at the mid-point and at a point on the fixed edge of a circular slab with a fixed edge. Contour lines of the influence surfaces are given.

Each solution defining an influence surface for a stress at a given point of a homogeneous elastic slab may also be used to solve the related two-dimensional problem of stresses in a slice. A slab is converted into a slice when the loads applied transverse to the slab are replaced by forces that are parallel to the middle plane of the slice and produce no bending or transverse shears.
Notes on the Dynamics of Electric Locomotives
Authors: Cain B. S.
Published: March 2021

The complexities of the motion of a locomotive are such that accurate solutions of the equations of motion have little engineering value. In previous papers the author has given an energy method of calculating the critical speed, above which the locomotive can sustain steady oscillations. This method is extended in the present paper to cover the effect of wheel coning and to study the possible motions at speeds above the critical. Energy gain from rough track is also estimated. An alternative method of study is outlined in which the flange forces are assumed to be sinusoidal with “equivalent” stiffness factors. A simple case is solved to show how relations between flange forces and frequency of oscillation can be obtained which are of practical value in design.
Lateral Buckling of I-Section Column With Eccentric End Loads in Plane of the Web
Authors: Johnston Bruce
Published: March 2021

When a relatively slender column of the symmetrical I or WF shape is loaded eccentrically in the plane of the web by longitudinal end loads it may fail by elastic instability involving a combination of lateral bending and twisting. Timoshenko has shown that in the case of the solid rectangle a considerable end eccentricity causes the critical buckling load to be only slightly less than the Euler critical load for the same strip loaded axially. The corresponding solution for the WF or I-column, presented herein, shows that relatively small eccentricities of the longitudinal end load applied in the plane of the web cause a large falling off from the Euler critical load.

For the ideally straight column, with a material perfectly elastic up to the yield point, there would be a critical l/r ratio for any given eccentricity, column length, and material. Below this critical ratio the column would fail by yielding, according to the secant or eccentricity formula. Above the critical ratio the failure would be by elastic instability with respect to lateral bending and twisting.

Application of the equations is made to two structural wide-flange sections, of light and medium weight, and the results are presented in the form of diagrams.
Buckling of Rectangular Plates With Built-In Edges
Authors: Levy Samuel
Published: March 2021

This paper presents an exact solution in terms of infinite series of the problem of buckling by compressive forces in one direction of a rectangular plate with built-in edges (zero slope, zero displacement in the direction normal to the plane of the plate). The buckling load is calculated for 14 ratios of length to width, ranging in steps of 0.25 from 0.75 to 4. On the basis of convergence, as the number of terms used in the infinite series is increased, it is estimated that the possible error in the numerical results presented is of the order of 0.1 per cent. A comparison is given with the work of other authors.
The Influence of the Shape and Rigidity of an Elastic Inclusion on the Transverse Flexure of Thin Plates
Authors: Goland Martin
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of several types of inclusions on the stress distribution in elastic plates under transverse flexure. An “inclusion” is defined as a close-fitting plate of some second material cemented into a hole cut in the interior of the elastic plate. Depending upon the properties of the material of which it is composed, the inclusion is described as rigid or elastic. In particular, the solutions presented will deal with the effects of circular inclusions of differing degrees of elasticity and rigid inclusions of varying elliptical form. Since the rigid inclusion and the hole are limiting types of elastic inclusions, and the circular shape is a special form of the ellipse, plates with either a circular hole or a circular rigid inclusion are important special cases of this discussion. It is hoped that the present analysis of several types of inclusions will aid in a future study of perforated plates stiffened by means of reinforcing rings fitted into the holes.
Critical Speeds of a Rotor With Unequal Shaft Flexibilities, Mounted in Bearings of Unequal Flexibility—I
Authors: Foote W. R. , Poritsky H. , Slade J. J.
Published: March 2021

This paper contains a study of the motion of a rotor possessing unequal flexibilities in two mutually perpendicular directions and mounted in bearings which likewise possess different stiffnesses in two mutually perpendicular directions, say, the horizontal and vertical directions. A two-pole turbogenerator is an example of such a rotor.

As known, the effect of ρ, the fractional inequality in rotor flexibilities, by itself, that is, without unequal bearing flexibilities, consists in giving rise to an unstable range of speed near the critical whose width depends upon ρ; the larger ρ is, the wider is the unstable range.

If neither ρ nor σ vanishes (σ = fractional inequality of bearing flexibilities), the investigation becomes more difficult due to the fact that the principal flexibility directions are fixed for the bearings but rotate for the rotor. The differential equations of motion now acquire periodic coefficients whose period is half the rotation period. Their solution shows that near the main critical speed, for small ρ the unstable range splits up into three parts, which coalesce into one range for large ρ. The separation of three unstable ranges increases with σ. A further slight instability also occurs when the rotor speed is near half of the main critical speed.

If one attempts to revolve such a rotor at a constant speed inside an unstable range, it may, even if in perfect balance, whirl with an exponentially increasing amplitude. With friction the amount of instability decreases and the size of the unstable regions decreases too, and with sufficient friction complete stability is restored. The friction necessary to restore stability is computed and the effect of unbalance on the steady-state amplitudes is studied.

The solution of linear differential equations with periodic coefficients leads to an infinite number of algebraic linear equations in an infinite number of coefficients. Various ways of solving these equations and of speeding up the convergence of the solution are discussed in detail.
Creep and Relaxation of Oxygen-Free Copper
Authors: Davis Evan A.
Published: March 2021

This paper contains results of creep and relaxation tests on an oxygen-free copper at temperatures up to 235 C. The effect of the stress and the temperature upon the strain rate has been noted and an effort has been made to correlate the results of the two different types of tests by using various theories of plastic deformation.
A Table of Thermodynamic Properties of Air
Authors: Keenan Joseph H. , Kaye Joseph
Published: March 2021

Over the range of conditions for which the equation pv = RT represents satisfactorily the p-v-T relation, a table having a single argument, the temperature, serves all the purposes which are served by vapor tables (steam tables, ammonia tables, etc.) having two arguments. A table of this sort with intervals small enough for linear interpolation is presented for dry air. Data from this table are compared with corresponding values from the tables of Sage and Lacey. The use of the table is illustrated with examples of the calculation of processes involved in air compressors, nozzles, internal-combustion engines, and gas turbines.
Nonlinear Vibration Analysis of a Flexible Rotor Supported by a Flexure Pivot Tilting Pad Journal Bearing in Comparison to a Fixed Profile Journal Bearing With Experimental Verification
Authors: Koondilogpiboon Nuntaphong , Inoue Tsuyoshi
Published: March 2021

In this paper, an efficient numerical method consisting of the real mode component mode synthesis (CMS) model reduction, shooting method with parallel computing, and Floquet analysis was developed for nonlinear rotordynamics analysis of a flexible rotor supported by a four-lobe flexure pivot tilting pad journal bearing (FPTPJB) in load-on-pad (LOP) and load-between-pad (LBP) orientations in comparison to a fixed profile journal bearing (JB) of the same pad geometry. The method used the rotor's finite elements and bearing forces obtained from directly solving the Reynolds equation to determine the limit cycles and Hopf bifurcation types. For the investigated rotor and bearing parameters, the numerical results indicated that the onset speed of instability (OSI) of FPTPJB is considerably higher than that of JB of the same orientation. Also, FPTPJB in LOP orientation yielded substantially higher OSI than the LBP one, whereas the OSI of JB in LOBP orientation was higher than the LOP counterpart. Nonlinear calculation results indicated that all bearing types and orientations gave subcritical Hopf bifurcation. The FPTPJB in LOP orientation produced the largest stable operating region, whereas the JB in LBP configuration yielded the smallest one. The experiment showed subcritical Hopf bifurcation occurred at speed close to the calculated OSI in all cases except FPTPJB in LOP orientation that the OSI is higher than the maximum test rig speed. The whirling orbit had the same frequency as the first critical speed and was precessed in the shaft rotation direction.
Dual role of endothelial
Myct1
in tumor angiogenesis and tumor immunity
Authors: Kabir Ashraf Ul , Subramanian Madhav , Lee Dong Hun , Wang Xiaoli , Krchma Karen , Wu Jun , Naismith Teri , Halabi Carmen M. , Kim Ju Young , Pulous Fadi E. , Petrich Brian G. , Kim Suhyun , Park Hae-Chul , Hanson Phyllis I. , Pan Hua , Wickline Samuel A. , Fremont Daved H. , Park Changwon , Choi Kyunghee
Published: March 2021

Myct1
inhibition controls tumor angiogenesis, remodels tumor immunity, and improves immunotherapy outcomes in mouse tumor models.
Engineered Influenza Virus Virions Reveal the Contributions of Non-hemagglutinin Structural Proteins to Vaccine-Mediated Protection
Authors: Luo Zhaochen , Girton Alanson W. , Heaton Brook E. , Heaton Nicholas S.
Published: March 2021

Influenza virus vaccines currently afford short-term protection from viruses that are closely related to the vaccine strains. There is currently much effort to develop improved, next-generation influenza vaccines that elicit broader and longer-lasting protection.
Complete Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus epidermidis PH1-28, Isolated from the Forehead of a Hyperseborrheic Donor
Authors: Hilaire Pascal , Landemaine Leslie , Contreras Sandy , Blanquart-Goudezeune Hélène , Siguier Patricia , Cornet François , Chiapello Hélène , Loux Valentin , Clavaud Cécile , Morand Stanislas C.
Published: March 2021

We report the complete genome sequence of
Staphylococcus epidermidis
commensal strain PH1-28, isolated from the forehead of a healthy donor. The assembled 2.6-Mbp genome consisted of one chromosome and five plasmids. These data will provide valuable information and important insights into the physiology and metabolism of this skin flora microorganism.
Complete Genome Sequence of Aeromonas caviae Strain MS6064, a
mcr-3
-Carrying Clinical Isolate from Japan
Authors: Yu Liansheng , Kitagawa Hiroki , Kayama Shizuo , Hisatsune Junzo , Ohge Hiroki , Sugai Motoyuki
Published: March 2021

We report the complete genome sequence of
mcr-3
-carrying
Aeromonas caviae
strain MS6064, isolated from a blood sample from a Japanese patient. The strain carried
mcr-3
variant 3.38 and was borderline resistant to colistin (2 μg/ml).
Draft Genome Sequences of 28 Actinobacteria of the Family
Microbacteriaceae
Associated with Nematode-Infected Plants
Authors: Tarlachkov Sergey V. , Starodumova Irina P. , Dorofeeva Lubov V. , Prisyazhnaya Natalia V. , Roubtsova Tatiana V. , Chizhov Vladimir N. , Nadler Steven A. , Subbotin Sergei A. , Evtushenko Lyudmila I.
Published: March 2021

Draft genome sequences of 28 strains of
Microbacteriaceae
from plants infested by plant-parasitic nematodes were obtained using Illumina technology. The sequence data will provide useful baseline information for the development of comparative genomics and systematics of
Microbacteriaceae
and facilitate understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in interactions between plants and nematode-associated bacterial complexes.
Complete Genome and Plasmid Sequences of Three Fluviibacter phosphoraccumulans Polyphosphate-Accumulating Bacterioplankton Strains Isolated from Surface River Water
Authors: Suda Wataru , Ogata Yusuke , Takayasu Lena , Shindo Chie , Watanabe Keiji
Published: March 2021

Fluviibacter phosphoraccumulans
is a polyphosphate-accumulating freshwater bacterioplankton which is mainly detected from riverine environments. The type strain, SHINM1, and two other strains, ICHIJ1 and ICHIAU1, were isolated from surface river water in Japan. Here, we report the complete genome and plasmid sequences of three
F. phosphoraccumulans
strains.
Advance care planning participation by people with dementia: a cross-sectional survey and medical record audit
Authors: Bryant Jamie , Sellars Marcus , Waller Amy , Detering Karen , Sinclair Craig , Ruseckaite Rasa , White Ben , Nolte Linda
Published: March 2021

Objectives

To describe among individuals with dementia: (1) self-reported awareness of, and engagement in, advance care planning; (2) presence of advance care planning documentation in the health record and (3) concordance between self-reported completion of advance care planning and presence of documentation in the health record.

Methods

An Australian prospective multicentre audit and cross-sectional survey. Individuals diagnosed with dementia who were able to speak English and were judged by a healthcare provider as having decision-making capacity were recruited from self-selected hospitals, residential aged care facilities and general practices across Australia.

Results

Fifty-two people with dementia completed surveys and were included. Overall, 59.6% of participants had heard about advance care planning and 55.8% had discussed advance care planning with someone, most often a family member (48.1%). While 38.5% of participants had appointed a medical substitute decision maker, only 26.9% reported that they had written down their values and preferences for future care. Concordance between self-reported completion of advance care planning and presence of documentation in the health record was low (56.8%, κ=0.139; 57.7%, κ=0.053).

Conclusion

Effective models that promote discussion, documentation and accessible storage of advance care planning documents for people with dementia are needed.