bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construções avaliativas com verbos denominais: uma proposta de rede construcional
Authors:   , Martins Sophia Castro
Published: September 2021

Nesta dissertação, dedicamo-nos a investigar construções avaliativas com verbos formados a partir de nomes, os chamados “verbos denominais”, sob a luz da Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso e da abordagem construcional da mudança. De modo mais específico, investigamos os dados sob a ótica da construcionalização lexical (TRAUGOTT; TROUSDALE, 2013) e das noções de prosódia semântica (SARDINHA, 2004; LOPES, 2011; GUILHERME, 2014) e de intersubjetividade (TRAUGOTT; DASHER, 2004). No âmbito da intersubjetividade – e do ponto de vista analítico –, nos baseamos nos conceitos de avaliação (WHITE, 2003), de pistas de contextualização (GUMPERZ, 1982) e de proteção e ameaça à face (GOFFMAN, 1967). Nesse sentido, nosso objetivo principal é compreender de que maneira as construções avaliativas com verbos denominais se organizam e se apresentam no corpus analisado. Como objetivos mais específicos, temos os seguintes: (a) identificar os níveis esquemáticos, a saber: esquema, subesquema e microconstrução (TRAUGOTT; TROUSDALE, 2013); (b) descrever, pontualmente, as microconstruções com verbos denominais, com base em aspectos da intersubjetividade e da prosódia semântica, e (c) propor uma rede construcional composta por esses verbos. A fim de cumprir os objetivos propostos, trabalhamos com um corpus sincrônico atual constituído por dados escritos coletados de dez perfis da rede social Twitter, cujas amostras representam os anos de 2017, 2018, 2019 e 2020. Com base em uma análise pautada no método misto – qualitativa e quantitativa (CUNHA LACERDA, 2016) –, os dados obtidos apontam que as construções analisadas evidenciam, em um nível mais hierárquico, um posicionamento avaliativo do locutor, apresentando, entretanto, diferentes funções, em um nível menos hierárquico, a saber: (i) avaliação com foco em uma atividade ou um evento e (ii) avaliação com foco na perspectiva do locutor em relação a uma atividade ou a um evento, revelando seu ponto de vista. Nesse contexto, os dados sugerem que a primeira função estaria relacionada a um posicionamento menos intersubjetivo, enquanto a segunda estaria relacionada a um posicionamento mais intersubjetivo. Além disso, a análise evidenciou que, muitas vezes, a prosódia semântica do verbo denominal difere totalmente da prosódia semântica do nome formador. Nesse sentido, com base nos resultados indicados pelos padrões microconstrucionais analisados, propusemos uma rede construcional com verbos denominais.
El Componente Investigativo como parte del Proceso de Aprendizaje Teórico Práctico: Una Mirada al Instituto Superior Tecnológico de Formación Profesional Administrativa y Comercial ITFPAC
Authors: Lema Cachinell Alejandro Nicolas , Delgado Saeteros Emma Zulay , Lema Cachinell Belinda Marta , Lema Cachinell Belinda Marta
Published: September 2021

Las exigencias actuales de la sociedad ecuatoriana demanda del desarrollo de las ciencias, por lo que el trabajo científico - investigativo del docente y del alumno en los institutos de educación superior es parte primordial del proceso de formación profesional y del aprendizaje teórico - práctico, en particular en el Instituto Superior Tecnológico de Formación Profesional Administrativa y Comercial (ITFPAC), siendo este el objeto del presente artículo. Se le brinda especial connotación a la propuesta de estrategias de investigación científicas estudiantiles para el componente investigativo, con el propósito de incorporar a los estudiantes en la investigación basada en métodos científicos, bajo la supervisión del docente como guía de sus proyectos. Este componente forma parte del diseño del programa académico, donde los estudiantes requieren hacer conexiones intelectuales y prácticas investigativas entre el contenido y habilidades declaradas en los programas, los enfoques de investigación y las fronteras de las disciplinas que lo integran. Es objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar cómo se logró la estructuración del componente investigativo como parte del proceso de aprendizaje teórico- práctico a través de estrategias que permiten incorporar de manera eficiente y funcional dicho componente en el proceso de enseñanza - aprendizaje.
Электрические характеристики MWIR и LWIR nBn-структур на основе МЛЭ HgCdTe
Authors: Войцеховский А.В. , Несмелов С.Н. , Дзядух С.М.
Published: September 2021

Униполярные барьерные детекторы (например, в nBn-конфигурации) обеспечивают возможности
повышения рабочей температуры инфракрасных детекторов [1] за счет подавления некоторых
компонент темнового тока (в частности, поверхностной утечки и генерации в обедненных областях).
Наибольшие успехи достигнуты при создании барьерных детекторов на основе материалов III-V c
постоянной решетки 6.1 Å (например, на основе систем InAsSb/AlAsSb, InAs/GaSb), из-за того, что при
использовании таких материалов можно обеспечить отсутствие потенциального барьера в валентной
зоне. Помимо этого, использование барьерной архитектуры в детекторах на основе материалов III-V
позволяет увеличить рабочую температуру приборов, поскольку в традиционных детекторах на основе
таких материалов доминируют шумы, связанные с генерацией в обедненных областях. При
изготовлении барьерных детекторов на основе HgCdTe, выращенного методом молекулярно-лучевой
эпитаксии (МЛЭ), исчезает необходимость использования ионной имплантации, которая снижает
качество материала из-за генерации радиационных дефектов.
Эффективные времена жизни фотогенерированных носителей заряда в фотоприемных
матрицах на основе материала кадмий-ртуть-теллур
Authors: Стучинский В.А. , Вишняков А.В.
Published: September 2021

В настоящей работе демонстрируются возможности разработанного нами подхода к Монте-Карло
моделированию диффузии фотогенерированных носителей заряда (ФНЗ) в фотоприемных матрицах на
основе материала КРТ [1] в применении к вычислению временных характеристик процесса диффузии.
В качестве примера в работе изучалось распределение ФНЗ по временам жизни в традиционных КРТматрицах с квадратными диодами при однородной засветке таких матриц. Отметим, что вычисление
временных характеристик процессов переноса ФНЗ в фотоприемных структурах может представлять
интерес, например, для лидарных применений фотоприёмников. Кроме того, знание времен жизни
ФНЗ в матрицах позволяет судить о величине (эффективной) длины диффузии ФНЗ ld eff,
реализующейся в условиях отбора фототока диодами матрицы из абсорбера при разных значениях
геометрических и материальных параметров матриц.
Волоконные лазеры с распределенной обратной связью на основе регулярных и
случайных структур показателя преломления
Authors: Бабин С.А. , Скворцов М.И. , Вольф А.А.
Published: September 2021

В докладе дан обзор последних достижений в области волоконных РОС и СРОС лазеров, а также
их гибридных вариантов, включающих как регулярные, так и случайные структуры ПП. Новые
возможности формирования таких структур в активных и пассивных волокнах даёт технология
фемтосекундной (фс) поточечной лазерной модификации, применимая не только в одномодовых, но и
в многомодовых/многосердцевинных волоконных световодах.
Teotihuacan Writing:
Authors: Helmke Christopher , Nielsen Joseph
Published: September 2021

Teotihuacan, the great metropolis of the Central Mexican highlands, has often been characterized as a state without a writing system. This paper redresses this notion and provides an overview of the city’s writing system and weighs in on its state of decipherment. The corpus of texts is defined and outlined as are its media and contexts. The geographical distribution of the writing system is considered, identifying the localities that define the heartland of Teotihuacan writing and culture, as well as more distant sites and enclaves elsewhere in Mesoamerica where examples of Teotihuacan writing have been found. The temporal distribution is also appraised before going on to present the underlying graphic characteristics of the writing system, leading to an appraisal of the sign inventory, showing clear correspondences to other Mesoamerican logophonetic writing systems. A synopsis of previous work on the writing system is presented in a historical précis, before considering candidate languages of the script and features of the underlying language recorded in the writing system.
SARS-COV-2: SUA RELAÇÃO COM OS ANIMAIS E POTENCIAL DOENÇA ZOONÓTICA
Authors: Manzini Suzane , Rodrigues Nássarah Jabur Lot , Bertozzo Thainá Valente , Aires Isabella Neves , Lucheis Simone Baldini
Published: September 2021

Os coronavírus (CoVs) estão em constante evolução e representam uma ameaça a saúde pública mundial por causarem surtos que podem ser fatais. Como exemplo, pode-se citar os vírus causadores das síndromes respiratórias SARS e MERS. O novo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2 que surgiu em 2019 em Wuhan, na China, é o terceiro surto de CoV em humanos e responsável por causar impactos negativos na saúde, como manifestações respiratórias, digestivas e sistemáticas. Diante da necessidade de maiores estudos acerca desta enfermidade, esta revisão objetivou reunir os dados sobre SARS-CoV-2 em animais, dada a grande probabilidade de salto de espécies associados aos morcegos, e também de estudos que demonstram que o SARS-CoV-2 pode ter tido origem em um reservatório animal, com destaque para os morcegos e pangolins. A vigilância deste microrganismo deve ser direcionada de modo a identificar os reservatórios do SARS-CoV-2 para melhor compreensão da patogênese e seus hospedeiros a fim de aumentar os conhecimentos a respeito deste vírus pandêmico.
VAMPIRE BAT DESMODUS ROTUNDUS SHELTERS IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: Mialhe Paulo Jacques , Moschini Luiz Eduardo , Trevisan Diego Peruchi
Published: September 2021

The vampire bat Desmodus rotundus is the main transmitter of domestic herbivorous rabies, which causes economic losses in cattle raising, being a serious public health problem. The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) allows the spatial monitoring of these bats shelters, which is an efficient way to prevent and control rabies. This study located shelters of D. rotundus in the Eastern Center region of São Paulo state and identified the types of shelters used (natural or artificial), their proximity to water, sexual composition, and population estimated of the colonies. Searches were carried out by colonies of vampire bats in natural and artificial shelters during 2002 to 2004, covering 18 municipalities. After located, the shelters were georeferenced, being recorded the nature of the shelter (natural or artificial), use (shelters of males, maternities, digestive) and estimated population. The data were incorporated into a GIS, producing a thematic map of the shelter’s location and their distance from the local water bodies. There were found 1.567 D. rotundus distributed in 94 shelters, where only six shelters (6.38%) were natural (caves). Most shelters (79.78%) were sparsely populated, with up to 15 bats, including male shelters (46 shelters) and 30 maternities (63.82% of maternities). Five shelters (5.37%) had between 50 and 100 bats and only two shelters (2.15%) had a population greater than 100 bats. Six shelters (6.38%) were inhabited houses, which is a concern for public health, as these may constitute a source of dangerous contamination for domestic and human carnivores. All the shelters were at a distance of up to 2 km of rivers or streams. The high percentage of artificial shelters found is a consequence of the intensification of the anthropic changes that increase the supply of food and shelter to D. rotundus, which associated with a large drainage network favors the dispersion of this species of bat in the region. The proximity of all D. rotundus shelters to the drainage network corroborates other studies in São Paulo state, where the areas close to the main rivers generally favor the existence of a larger number of shelters.
MALATYA BATTALGAZİ YURDUNDA KALAN KIZ ÖĞRENCİLERİN ORTOREKSİYA NERVOZA DÜZEYLERİ İLE SAĞLIKLI YAŞAM BİÇİMİ DAVRANIŞLARININ İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Oktay Berfin , Gökçe Ayşe , Özer Ali
Published: September 2021

Yeme bozuklukları, son dönemde artış göstermesi ve genç yetişkin kadınların risk grubunda olması ile araştırmaların odağı haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Battalgazi Yurdunda kalan kız öğrencilerin ortoreksiya nervoza düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ile ilişkisinin incelenmesidir. Kesitsel tipteki bu çalışmanın evrenini; Malatya Battalgazi Yurdunda kalan kız öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem büyüklüğü; %95 güven aralığında %80 güçle minimum 289 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Anket formunda sosyodemografik sorular, beslenme alışkanlıklarına yönelik sorular, Ortoreksiya Nervoza Değerlendirme Ölçeği ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği II kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizlerde Ki-Kare testi, Student t testi, One Way ANOVA, Spearman Korelasyon Analizi kullanılmıştır ve anlamlılık değeri p<0,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Çalışma grubundaki öğrencilerin %16,7’sinin ortoreksiya eğiliminde olduğu ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği toplam puan ortalamasının 120,8±19,05 olduğu bulunmuştur. Yaş, bölüm, anne baba eğitim düzeyi ve beden kütle indeksi gruplarına göre Orto 15 risk durumunda anlamlı faklılık saptanmamıştır (p>0,05). Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği toplam puanı ortoreksiya nervoza eğilimi olanlarda 124,8±14,61 iken ortoreksiya nervoza eğiliminde olmayan öğrencilerde 120,0±19,74 olarak bulunmuştur. Buna göre ortoreksiya nervoza eğilimi risk durumuna göre; Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği toplam puanı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır (p=0,03). Ortoreksiya nervoza eğilimi olan öğrencilerin; Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği toplam puanı daha yüksektir. Araştırma grubunda eğitim alınan bölüm, anne baba eğitim düzeyi ve beden kütle indeksi durumuna göre ortoreksiya eğilimi arasında ilişki saptanmamıştır.
BİNGÖL İLİNDEKİ 65 YAŞ ÜSTÜ COVID-19 HASTALARININ EPİDEMİYOLOJİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Gökçe Ayşe , Özer Ali , Söyiler Vedat , Gündoğdu Mehmet Emin
Published: September 2021

Altmışbeş yaş ve üzerindeki popülasyon COVID-19 açısından hem ölüm oranının daha yüksek olması hem de klinik seyirlerinin daha riskli olması sebebiyle önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Bingöl ilindeki 65 yaş üstü COVID-19 hastalarının epidemiyolojik özellikleri, klinik durumları ve klinik durumlarını etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Mart-Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında, Bingöl İlindeki 65 yaş üstü SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testi pozitif 3521 hastanın verileri incelenmiştir. Çalışma gerekli kurum izinleri ve etik kurul onayı alınarak yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın bağımsız değişkenleri yaş, cinsiyet, kronik hastalık varlığı iken; bağımlı değişkenleri ölüm durumudur. Tanımlayıcı veriler sayı, yüzde, en küçük, en büyük ve ortanca ile ifade edilmiş olup istatistiksel analizlerde Ki Kare testi ve Binominal Lojistik Regresyon Analizi yapılmıştır. Tüm değerlendirilmelerde p<0,05 değeri anlamlı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan hastaların yaş ortancası 72 (65-102), vaka ölüm oranı %2 olarak saptanmıştır. 75-84 yaş grubu ile 85 ve üzeri yaş grubunda olanlarda, kronik hastalığı olanlarda, diyabeti, iskemik kalp hastalığı olanlarda diğer gruplara göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek oranda ölüm saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Yapılan regresyon analizine göre; erkeklerde kadınlara göre 2,6 kat, pnömonisi olan hastalarda olmayanlara göre 24,3 kat daha fazla ölüm olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Çalışma grubundaki hastalardan erkeklerde, ileri yaş grubunda olanlarda, pnömonisi olanlarda ve kronik hastalığı olanlarda ölüm daha yüksek oranda gerçekleşmiştir. Özellikli olan hastalar salgın döneminde mümkünse hastanede daha yakından takip edilmelidir.
A new species of Phasmatocoris Breddin, 1904 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) from Ecuador, with taxonomic notes and an updated key of the genus
Authors: Gil-Santana Hélcio R.
Published: September 2021

Phasmatocoris ecuadorensis sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) is described from Ecuador based on a male specimen. Phasmatocoris Breddin, 1904 is recorded from Ecuador for the first time. Short taxonomical notes on Phasmatocoris praecellens (Bergroth, 1911) are provided. An updated key to the species of Phasmatocoris is presented.
Methods for Evaluation of Water Protection Efficiency at River Catchments
Authors:   Pryazhinskaya V.G.
Published: September 2021

The paper has analyzed the causes of water bodies pollution and measures on its prevention or mitigation. Both concentrated (point) and diffuse (non-point) pollution sources on major and minor rivers’ catchments have been considered. At that the greater rivers’ catchment areas have divided into homogeneous water/economic sites. Appropriate numerical models and their applications as well as measures for agricultural production adaptation to climate change have been discussed.
Norm Setting for Total Admixtures Content in Water
Authors:   Rozental O.M., Sursyakov V.N.
Published: September 2021

In order to set norms for some pollutants permissible content in water a rule of concentrations summing up in terms of MPC is often applied. This paper has shown that in cases when such concentrations are variable (are subject to random alterations) algebraic addition is to be replaced by the chance quantities summing rule. At that the matter of water suitability for the set objectives of water use is to be settled with accounting for the risk of violation of the set norms that has been 50% and more in the considered examples.
Students' Readiness for Using E-learning in South African Rural Universities: A Case of Walter Sisulu University
Authors: Lukose Jose Manappattukunnel , Kantore Adelin , Fosu Agyei
Published: September 2021

In recent timesE-learning receives greater attention among educational practitioners. All over the world, many institutions of higher learning are using E-learning as a supplementary tool to the traditional ways of teaching and learning. Covid-19 pandemic has forced institutions all over the world to adopt E-learning as the preferred mode of teaching and learning. Though many African universities have adopted E-learning as a response to Covid-19 pandemic, success of it, in particular among the institutions located in rural settings depends heavily on the e-readiness factor of the learners these institutions enrol at undergraduate levels. Though most universities in South Africa implemented E-learning, little is known about E-learning readiness in formerly under-privileged universities. Walter Sisulu University (WSU) is a higher education institutions situated in the Eastern cape province which is considered as one of the disadvantaged provinces with very low CT penetration. This selected institution predominantly enrols students who are hailing from the rural and townships population of the province with schools that are characterised by lack of essential ICT infrastructure and teachers with basic computer skills though a very low percentage of the student population constitute students from other provinces and countries outside South Africa. This research study investigated the readiness of learners enrolled at level-one of undergraduate programmes in WSU to use E-learning as tool to enhance their learning.

Keywords: E-learning, African rural University, technological readiness
Covid-19 Escaled Ongoing Injustices: Voices of Women Living With HIV in Nepal
Authors: Dhungel Dr. Rita , Kunwar Meera
Published: September 2021

The first HIV case in Nepal was reported in 1988. As of July 2020, the total number of PLHIV was 29,503 PLHIV whereas the numbers for male and females were respectively 17, 587 and 11, 916 (UNAIDS, 2021.). More than 72% of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) are of age group 25 to 49 years (Ministry of Health National Centre for AIDS and STD Control, 2020). There are 80 ART (Anti-Retroviral therapy) centres providing services to PLHIV in seven Provinces and a number of community-based organizations to provide services to PLHI (Ministry of Health National Centre of AIDS and STD Control, 2020). The current knowledge on this area are maninly the reports from HIV Service Agencies that do not capture the silenced voices of PLHIV on intersectional oppression. By acknowledging the need of a evidence-based study, a Participatory Action Research (PAR) project was developed in 2019 to understand the challenges of the Women Living with HIV in Kathmandu, Nepal (Dhungel, 2020; Dhungel & Lama, 2020). This understanding was reached through a variety of means, including photovoice, individual interviews and street dramas. Four major intersectional challenges were identified including discriminations against WLHIV at workplace, violations of privacy in health sectors, excluding from parental's property and discriminations against their children at school. The same study suggested the need for a further study, focusing on intersectional oppressions and public health services and programs available for WLHIV with a focus on Mental Health Services. Therefore, this study was initiated to bridge the gaps in current knowledge with a foucs on COVID-19 policies/programs.

Keywords: COVID-19, HIV community, injustice, intersectional oppression
Fabrication of Josephson junctions by single line etching of Nb thin films utilizing nitrogen-gas-field ion-source focused ion beam
Authors: Sudo Shinya , Akabori Masashi , Uno Munenori
Published: September 2021

We focused on a focused ion beam (FIB) technology, called nitrogen gas field ion source FIB (N2 GFIS-FIB), which can etch directly at the 10 nm level or finer. We performed single line etching of Nb thin film microbridges deposited by N2 GFIS-FIB and fabricated Josephson junction (JJ) devices. The microbridge area was separated into two parts by the processing line, whose width was around 20 nm. We performed electrical characterizations of the devices at low temperature and observed typical behaviors of JJ devices, such as a superconducting current region and current jumping to the normal current region in some of the deeply etched devices. We also observed an AC resistance oscillation in some of the shallowly etched devices. The oscillation may be due to a sub-harmonic gap structure that originates from Andreev reflection. These results indicate that simple single line etching of Nb by N2 GFIS-FIB can form JJ devices.
Morphological control of nanostructured Ge films in high Ar-gas-pressure plasma sputtering process for Li ion batteries
Authors: Hayashi Junki , Nagai Kenta , Habu Yuma , Ikebe Yumiko , Hiramatsu Mineo , Narishige Ryota , Itagaki Naho , Shiratani Masaharu , Setsuhara Yuichi , Uchida Giichiro
Published: September 2021

We present a study on morphological control of nanostructured Ge films by the Ar gas pressure in plasma sputtering deposition. In the low Ar-gas-pressure range, aggregated islands of amorphous grains are formed on the film surface, while in the high-pressure range of 500 mTorr monodisperse nano-grains of about 30 nm in size are orderly arranged without aggregation. The film porosity shows a high value of over 10%. We tested the charge/discharge cycle performance of Li-ion batteries with nanostructured Ge films as anodes. The battery cell with an ordered arrangement structure maintained a high capacity of 434 mAh g−1 after 40 charge/discharge cycles, while that with an aggregated structure exhibited a rapid degradation of capacity to 5.08–183 mAh g−1. An ordered arrangement of Ge nano-grains with a high porosity, which is realized in a simple one-step procedure using high Ar-gas-pressure plasma sputtering, is effective for the stable cycling of high-capacity metal anodes.
Hidrojen peroksit dekontaminasyon etkinliğinin belirlenmesine yönelik mikrofluidik katalaz biyosensörü: Mikrobiyal optimizasyon
Authors: KESKİN Ahmet , KOLUMAN Ahmet
Published: September 2021

Biyolojik suçlar (biyoterörizm dahil) gibi biyolojik riskler, mikroorganizmaların bulaşmasına yol açarak dekontaminasyon gerektirmektedir. Dekontaminasyon, mikroorganizmanın yayılmasını kontrol etmek için kritik bir noktadır. Dekontaminasyon için birçok kimyasal kullanılmaktadır. Ancak ekonomik ve seçkin antimikrobiyal özelliklerinden dolayı hidrojenperoksitin (H2O2) uygulamasıda sıktır. Dekontaminasyon sürecini izlemek için uygun bir sistem bulunamamıştır. Bu çalışmada, H2O2 uygulamalarının etkinliğini taramak için katalaz pozitif olduğu bilinen Staphylococcus aureus kullanarak bir bakteriyel mikrofluidic (mikroakışkan) biyosensör tasarladık. Bu çalışmada öncelikle, kurutma prosesi ve prosesin validasyonu ile ilgili olarak çalışmanın mikrobiyal optimizasyon kısmı hazırlanmıştır. Sonuçlar, kurutmanın katalaz reaksiyonu üzerinde hiçbir etkisi olmadığını ve satışta bulunan dekontaminantların bu yaklaşımla değerlendirilebileceğini göstermiştir.
Clínica y tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 en adultos jóvenes en un hospital colombiano
Authors: Falon-Guzmán Diego Julián , Villegas-Suárez Juan Diego , Cardona-Cardona Juliana , Cardona-Cardona Santiago , Quintero-López Sebastián , Castrillón Spitia Juan Daniel , Gonzalez-Moreno Gloria María
Published: September 2021

Introducción: la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) es el tipo más común de diabetes la cual ocurre generalmente en adultos, sin embargo, hay reportes que la describen en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes.

Objetivo: describir las características clínicas y el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 en adultos jóvenes en un hospital colombiano.

Material y métodos: estudio de corte transversal entre el 2017 y 2019, que incluyó pacientes adultos jóvenes entre 18 y 40 años con DM2, que fueron atendidos en el Hospital Santa Mónica de Dosquebradas, Colombia. La unidad de análisis fueron las historias clínicas. Se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, farmacológicas y control metabólico (HbA1c < 7.0%). Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y se aplicó una regresión logística binaria (p< 0.05).

Resultados: se identificaron 124 pacientes de los cuales 83 (70.0%) cumplieron criterios de inclusión, con una edad media de 33.7 ± 5.3 años. Unos 28 pacientes eran obesos (33.7%). Además, 21 pacientes (25.3%) presentaron control metabólico. Los fármacos más usados fueron metformina en 64 pacientes (77.1%), seguido de las insulinas en 46 pacientes (55.4%). Se estableció que 51 de estos (61.4%) presentaron adherencia al tratamiento. No hubo pacientes con terapia triple como estrategia terapéutica. Los pacientes con retinopatía diabética presentaban una probable asociación con tener control de la enfermedad en el momento del estudio (P=0.048, OR:0.130; IC95%:0.017-0.987).

Conclusiones: los pacientes adultos jóvenes presentan pobre control metabólico y uso frecuente de insulinas.
Epidemias y pandemias
Authors: Sánchez Vallejo Gregorio
Published: September 2021

Se presenta una aproximación histórica a los momentos más importantes de las epidemias y las pandemias, toda vez que se trata de un tema muy vigente en la actualidad por cuenta de la situación sanitaria que nos está afectando. Se analizan las influencias religiosas, políticas, económicas y sociales que modificaron en gran parte el desarrollo y el resultado final de las epidemias en las diferentes épocas de la humanidad. Este repaso por la historia de las epidemias y las pandemias nos muestra que enfermedades como la viruela y el sarampión fueron muy importantes en la antigüedad, que la peste y el tifus reclamaron preponderancia durante la Edad Media, y que en el siglo xx la influenza (en sus diferentes manifestaciones: gripa española, gripe aviar y gripe porcina) y el cólera, se posicionaron como los azotes principales, convirtiéndose todas ellas en grandes hitos en la historia de la medicina. Se muestra la importancia de la microbiología, la epidemiología y la salud pública en el entendimiento y enfoque adecuado de las infecciones. Por último, se ofrecen algunas reflexiones sobre la lucha de imaginarios entre la ciencia y la creencia.
ISOLATED BENZODIAZEPINE TOXICITY AND THE USE OF FLUMAZENIL: AN EYE-OPENING ANTIDOTE CASE REPORT IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Panikkar Siddharth , Kuruttukulam Gigy Varkey , Manmadhan Manju , Antony Bose Jithin , Chacko Jacob , E R Sunesh
Published: September 2021

Since its debut in the 1960s, the broad use and availability of benzodiazepines has mirrored the
increased incidence of overdose cases. Due to its non-specic presentation, there is often a delay in
diagnosis. We report a case of Benzodiazepine toxicity in a 70-year-old man who presented to us in a comatose state. He was
evaluated at another hospital initially and was intubated in view of his low Glasgow Coma scale. A CT brain plain study was
done suspecting a basilar artery thrombus and he was referred to us for Neuro-Interventional procedures. As radiological,
laboratory and electrophysiological investigations were unremarkable a provisional diagnosis of drug intoxication was made
after patient medication review and a trial of Flumazenil was given, after which the patient had improved dramatically.
Flumazenil is not routinely used due to fears of withdrawal seizures and its high cost. It also has no effect on reversing sedation
caused by barbiturates, ethanol, or opioids. The antidote has a favorable risk-benet ratio when dosed appropriately and can
be a helpful diagnostic tool after ruling out the more common causes of acute sensorium loss as demonstrated by this case
report.
URETEROLITHIASIS, AN INCREDIBLE DISAPPEARANCE WITH HOMOEOPATHY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Tripathi Julka Kumari , Waheed Zeba , Ghosh Ram Krishna , Banerjee Aniruddha
Published: September 2021

The deposition or formation of stones in the urinary tract is called Urinary Calculi or Urolithiasis. Urolithiasis is a
worldwide health problem and causes significant morbidity and contributes even to mortality. A patient visited to OPD of
national institute of homoeopathy with the report of 10.2 mm stone lodged at right vesico-ureteric junction causing
proximal mild hydroureter, after considering the totality of symptom by proper reperterisation Homoeopathic medicine
Lycopodium clavatum was prescribed. After 6 months of Homoeopathic treatment again USG of abdomen done and it
was found to be normal.
CORRELATION OF BCL 2 ONCOPROTEIN EXPRESSION AND ITS PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE IN COLORECTAL CARCINOMA WITH AGE, SITE GRADE AND STAGE
Authors: kumara pagalla Aruna , Gunde Prashanth , Aruna Aruna
Published: September 2021

Background & Objective: Colorectal cancer is the third most prevalent malignancy with high mortality rate, necessitating markers that predict survival and guide the treatment. Previous studies have examined the immunohistochemical expression of Bcl-2, anti apoptotic marker, in colorectal carcinoma, but results have been contradictory.To evaluate the histopathological features of colorectal carcinoma, immunohistochemical expression of Bcl-2 must be analyzed to find out statistical association of Bcl-2 expression with certain prognostic factors histopathologic type, grade and TNM staging and also clinical parameters like age gender, site. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on the colectomy specimens of colorectal carcinoma,over a period of 2 years 6months From may 2018 to November 2020 The tumor morphology and Bcl-2 status were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in each case,with the inclusion criteria of resected intestinal specimens among which only malignant epithelial lesions and exclusion of all benign lesions. Results:The study included 40 cases,with age group of patients 51-60(37.5%) years and male:female ratio of 1.2:1.Bcl-2 positivity was seen in 37.5% of the cases.Weak,moderate,and strong expression of Bcl-2 was seen in 62.5%, 25%, and 12.5% of cases respectively. Even though early stages of colorectal carcinoma showed greater frequency of Bcl-2 expression than advanced stages (25% versus 12.5%), however this association was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The expression of bcl 2 out of 40 resected specimens of colorectal carcinoma correlated with various histological and clinical paramaters .bcl 2 positivity was assessed by semiquantitaive method and its expression was decreased with increase in grade and stage of the tumour and increased with the early stages of colorectal cancer
LOW DOSE HCG IN PREVENTING OHSS IN HIGH-RISK WOMEN
Authors: Hymavathi Devi Dantam
Published: September 2021

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome(OHSS) is a complication
of fertility treatment, which uses pharmacological ovarian
stimulation to increase the number of oocytes and therefore
embryos available during assisted reproductive technology
(ART).Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is
well known to be a rare but potentially fatal condition in
anovulatory women with polycystic ovarian syndrome
(PCOS) when undergoing IVF. Low-dose stimulation is thus
recommended,but it can still lead to ovarian hyperstimulation
associated with high serum oestradiol concentrations by the
time leading follicles reach maturity. Several methods have,
therefore, been applied to prevent OHSS. First, risk
assessment is made on the basis of the previous history of
OHSS and the identification of women with PCO. Second, in
treatment cycles a high concentration of oestradiol and three
ultrasound parameters (i.e. high number of follicles, large
ovarian volume, and high stromal vascularity) on the day of
human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) are all predictive of
increased risk of developing OHSS.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF POST OPERATIVE PAIN RELIEF IN LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY WITH PORT SITE AND INTRAPERITONEAL INSTILLATION OF 0.5% BUPIVACAINE WITH ADRENALINE AND PLACEBO
Authors: Agrawal Vivek , Bishnoi Parikshit , Nagar Anand , Gupta Shireesh , Mathur Anshul , Dangayach Krishan Kumar
Published: September 2021

Introduction : Postoperative pain is variable in intensity,character,duration and is the main factor delaying discharge of
patients undergoing day-care procedures including laparoscopy and hence adding to hospital cost and stay. Optimal
management has a potential for shortening of hospital stay and for speeding up of recovery.AIM :Comparing the effect
of port site and intraperitoneal instillation of 0.5% bupivacaine with adrenaline versus saline for post-operative
analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. To assess the need of rescue analgesics in post- operative period in both
groups.Material & Method :A comparative study to be performed on 50 cases receive 40 mls of 0.5% bupivacaine as
intraperitoneal infiltration and local infiltration of 20 mls of 0.5% bupivacaine in the port sites (5 ml infiltration in each
port) versus 50 cases receive 40 ml of normal saline intraperitoneally Discussion :Reduction in post-operative pain with
better cosmesis and early return to work have been the goals to improve cost effectiveness and patient satisfaction.
Conclusion : We conclude that instillation of local anaesthetic drug intraperitonialy & Port site local anaesthetic agent
injection has added benefits in post operative pain
Deep Reinforcement Learning Versus Evolution Strategies: A Comparative Survey
Authors: Majid Amjad Yousef , Saaybi Serge , Rietbergen Tomas van , Francois-Lavet Vincent , Prasad R Venkatesha , Verhoeven Chris
Published: September 2021

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and Evolution Strategies (ESs) have surpassed human-level control in many sequential decision-making problems, yet many open challenges still exist.

To get insights into the strengths and weaknesses of DRL versus ESs, an analysis of their respective capabilities and limitations is provided.

After presenting their fundamental concepts and algorithms, a comparison is provided on key aspects such as scalability, exploration, adaptation to dynamic environments, and multi-agent learning.

Then, the benefits of hybrid algorithms that combine concepts from DRL and ESs are highlighted.

Finally, to have an indication about how they compare in real-world applications, a survey of the literature for the set of applications they support is provided.
A Novel Active Anomaly Discovery Method and its Applications in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Shen Bo , Kong Zhenyu
Published: September 2021

Anomaly detection aims to identify the true anomalies from a given set of data
instances. Unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms are applied to an unlabeled
dataset by producing a ranked list based on anomaly scores. Unfortunately, due to
the inherent limitations, many of the top-ranked instances by unsupervised algorithms
are not anomalies or not interesting from an application perspective, which leads to
high false-positive rates. Active anomaly discovery (AAD) is proposed to overcome
this deficiency, which sequentially selects instances to get the labeling information and
incorporate it into the anomaly detection algorithm to improve the detection accuracy
iteratively. However, labeling is often costly. Therefore, the way to balance detection
accuracy and labeling cost is essential. Along this line, this paper proposes a novel AAD
method to achieve the goal. Our approach is based on the state-of-the-art unsupervised
anomaly detection algorithm, namely, Isolation Forest, to extract features. Thereafter,
the sparsity of the extracted features is utilized to improve its anomaly detection performance. To enforce the sparsity of the features and subsequent improvement of the
detection analysis, a new algorithm based on online gradient descent, namely, Sparse
Approximated Linear Anomaly Discovery (SALAD), is proposed with its theoretical
Regret analysis. Extensive experiments on both open-source and additive manufacturing datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the
state-of-the-art algorithms for anomaly detection.
Mandela effect & Déjà vu: Are we living in a simulated reality?
Authors: Bhattacharjee Deep
Published: September 2021

If reality is being augmented
as a simulation; then from the modern norm of physics, it is possible that
everywhere around us, including us and what we perceive is a simulation
simulated by a super powerful computer from a farfetched future times, taken the
Einstein’an notion, that, past, present and future occur simultaneously. It is
quite probable between two consecutive amplitudes that, the simulation can
either be done by the super advanced civilization in greater than or equal to Kardashev 3.0
scale or by some higher order entities existing in a dimensional domain beyond
our perceiveness and notion of our understanding. To agree to the fact of the
simulation hypothesis, there exists a mathematical foundation of the desired
logic behind this simulation, which will be investigated throughout this paper
whose another consequence might be the déjà vu or the Mandela effect. The
errors arise in this simulation is a form of glitch in the matrix that should happen
because of the commutable lagging of the super-intelligent computers of either
future ones or higher-order ones. Preciseness about the calculations of
dimensions opened a way for t + s = 2 + 10 where the
non-locality of the time being perceived as a 2-dimensional entity opens up the
door for further investigations. The more will be discussed in detail in this
paper.
From Farabi to Ibn Khaldun: The Perception of State in the Early Muslim Intellectual’s Writings
Authors: RAHMAN Hafijur
Published: September 2021

This
paper aims to analyze the perception of the state in the writings of early
Muslim intellectuals, particularly al-Farabi, al-Mawardi, Nizam al-Mulk,
al-Ghazzali, Ibn Taymiyyah and Ibn Khaldun. All of these six intellectuals have
a massive contribution in developing Muslim or Islamic political thought. This paper
intended to find the answer of following questions regarding the concept of
state from their writings: firstly, the debate around the birth of state;
religious or social need? Secondly, if it is a social need, then what about the
aspect of religion in the state? Finally, what about the influence of existing
politics on their thought? This research is a qualitative form of research
based on both primary and secondary data. It is hoped that this paper will
contribute to the academia by analyzing the perception of state of Early Muslim
intellectuals within the present context.
Turgut Özal Döneminde Türkiye’nin Ortadoğu Politikalarının Liberalizm Çerçevesinden İncelenmesi (1983-1993)
Authors: DURMAZ Ferhat
Published: September 2021

Dış politikayı ulusal parametrelerin bir yansıması olarak okuyan liberalizm, devletlerin dış politikada ekonomik işbirliği ile kazan-kazan mantığı çerçevesinde hareket edeceğini savunan ve ekonomik bağımlılığın siyasi sorunların çözülmesinde önemli bir rol oynayacağını ileri süren bir ideolojidir. Turgut Özal, ihracatı teşvik eden 24 Ocak kararlarının etkisiyle Ortadoğu’ya yönelik politikada ekonomik işbirliğini geliştirmeyi ve Türkiye’nin bölgede daha aktif olmasını hedeflemiştir. Bu çerçevede çeşitli projeler ortaya koyan Özal, ekonomik işbirliği ile projeler aracılığıyla ikili sorunların çözüleceğini ve Türkiye’nin bölgesel barışa katkı sağlayacağını düşünmüştür. Özal liderliğinde Türkiye, Irak-İran savaşı süresince Türkiye ile Ortadoğu ülkeleri arasındaki ekonomik ilişkiler gelişmesi ve sorunların ikinci plana itilmesi gibi kazan-kazan mantığı çerçevesinde olumlu çıktılar elde etmiştir. Bununla birlikte, Irak-İran savaşının sona ermesini takip eden süreçte, Türkiye ile Ortadoğu ülkeleri arasında kazan-kazan mantığının tesis edilememesiyle işbirliği düzeyinde bir azalma olmuştur. Bu çalışma, liberalizm çerçevesinde, Turgut Özal dönemi Türkiye’nin Ortadoğu politikasına yön veren faktörleri, politikaların genel görünümünü ve uygulama boyutunu incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Alman Anayasa Hukuku Sisteminde Dini Cemaatlerle Yapılan Din-Devlet Sözleşmeleri : Religionsverfassungsrechtliche Staatsvertraege
Authors: DİLBİRLİĞİ Muhterem
Published: September 2021

Avrupa’da din ve devlet arasındaki siyasi çatışmaların bir sonucu olarak, her ülke bu alanı belirlerken yaşadıkları tarihi tecrübeler ışığında, din ve vicdan özgürlüğü alanında kendilerine özgü kavramlar ve kurumlar oluşturmuştur. Almanya’da, 30 yıl savaşları akabinde Vestfalya Antlaşması imzalanmıştır. Bu antlaşma ile mezhep savaşları son bulmuş, katolik ve protestan mezheplerinin eşitlenmesi sağlanmıştır.
Almanya’da din ve vicdan özgürlüğü alanında tartışmalar 1919 Weimar Anayasası hazırlanma sürecinde de yaşanmıştır. Geçmişte edindiği acı tecrübelerden hareketle, din ve vicdan özgürlüğü alanında kendine özgü bir model oluşturan Almanya’da kollektif din özgürlüğü alanındaki düzenlemeler din-devlet sözleşmeleri ile gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu sayede Almanya’da dini cemaatlerle, devletin hizmet alanı belirlenmekte ve dini cemaatlerle devlet, kamusal alandaki, dini alanı düzenlemektedirler.
Kamusal Alanı Dijitalleşme Çerçevesinde Yeniden Okumak
Authors: AVCİL Ceren
Published: September 2021

Kamusal alan, 18. yüzyıldan itibaren sanayileşme süreci ile görünür ve tartışılır hale gelen bir kavram olmuştur. Kamusal alan kavramına yönelik yapılan tanımlamalar kamusal alan-özel alan ikiliği veya karşıtlığı çerçevesinde ele alınmakla birlikte her ikisi arasında keskin bir ayrım olmaması gerektiğine dair görüşler de mevcuttur. Modernleşmenin getirmiş olduğu toplumsal, ekonomik, siyasal ve kültürel alt üst oluşlar kamusal ve özel mekânların niteliğini ve içeriğini de dönüştürmüştür. Ayrıca, kavram tanımlamasında hem kavramın herhangi bir mekâna işaret etmemesi hem de içeriğinin net olmaması kavrama yönelik net tanımlamaların yapılmasını da zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle kamusal alanın dönüşümüne yönelik tartışmalara yer verilecektir.Başta Habermas ve Sennett olmak üzere özel alan-kamusal alan tanımlamaları ve kavramların nitelikleri üzerinde durulacaktır. Sonrasında dijitalleşme süreci ile birlikte yeni medyanın ve kitle iletişim araçlarının dijital kamusal alanın oluşumuna imkân verebilirliği tartışılacaktır. Dijitalleşme süreci ile birlikte farklı kamusallıkların oluşma ihtimali, geleneksel kamusal-özel alan tartışmalarını farklı bir boyuta taşır niteliktedir. Dijitalleşen kamusal alan, zamana, mekâna ve bireye yönelik algıların dönüşüm sürecini gündeme getirmiştir.
Irkçılığın Avrupa’daki Gelişimi ve Uluslararası Hukuka Etkisi: James Lorımer Örneğİ
Authors: SARAÇLI Murat
Published: September 2021

Avrupa tarihinde sömürgecilik anlayışının gelişiminde önemli bir yeri olan ırkçı düşünce yapısı, medenileşme seviyesinin altında kabul edilen sömürge halklarına yönelik uygulanan ayrımcı ve dışlayıcı davranış ile tutumların arkasındaki temel motivasyon kaynağını oluşturmuştur. Hristiyanlık ve antik Yunan medeniyeti çerçevesinde şekillendiği kabul edilen Avrupa kültürünün, diğer kültürlerden ve medeniyetlerden üstünlüğünü kendine referans almış olan ırkçılık yaklaşımı Kıta’da özellikle 18. Yüzyıl’ın sonlarından itibaren etkisini hissettirmeye başlamıştır. Başta fen bilimleri alanında olmak üzere pek çok bilimsel çalışmayı da etkilemiş olan söz konusu ırkçı düşünceler, İskoçyalı bir hukukçu olan James Lorimer’in de çalışmalarında temel çıkış noktasını oluşturmuştur. Uluslararası hukukun temelde gelişmeci/ilerlemeci uluslar olarak adlandırdığı Avrupalı devletlerin hukuku olduğunu savunmuş olan Lorimer, Avrupa kıtasının dışındaki devletleri ve ulusları ise genel olarak barbar ve yabani/vahşi olarak nitelemiştir. Özelde kadın erkek eşitliğine genelde ise insanlar arasındaki eşitlik düşüncesine karşı olan Lorimer, uluslararası hukukun eril nitelikteki devletlerin bir ürünü olduğunu ve bu çerçevede insanlığın genel gelişiminin de eril bir nitelik arz ettiğini savunmuştur. Lorimer’in 19. Yüzyıl’da ortaya koyduğu söz konusu düşünceler, Avrupa’da günümüzde özellikle göçmenleri ve azınlıkları hedef alan kültürel ırkçılık yaklaşımı çerçevesinde yeniden gündeme gelmekte ve tartışılmaktadır.
Application of a preliminary decision on the method of determining the customs value as a state service in the field of customs affairs
Authors: Rudneva Zareta
Published: September 2021

The article considers the conditions for the provision of public services by participants of foreign economic activity to obtain a preliminary decision on the application of the method of determining the customs value, identifies the risks of applying a preliminary decision associated with the possibility of evading customs payments and advantages for doing business.
USING FAN COIL UNITS TO REDUCE ELECTRIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR THE FAN DRIVE
Authors: Новосельцев Борис Петрович , Шамилова Ирина Игоревна
Published: September 2021

Объём потребления энергии, в том числе и электрической, в нашей стране непрерывно увеличивается. В связи с этим возникает необходимость максимального снижения затрат электрической энергии. В статье рассматривается возможность снижения электрической энергии в приточных системах вентиляции за счёт использования вентиляторов-доводчиков. Приведены результаты аэродинамического расчета двух вариантов приточной системы вентиляции промышленного здания. Первый вариант - традиционная схема с одним общим центральным вентилятором. Второй вариант - схема с использованием вентиляторов-доводчиков на отдельных ветвях системы. В результате проведенных расчетов показано, что установка вентиляторов-доводчиков позволит существенно снизить нагрузку на привод центрального вентилятора.

The volume of energy consumption, including electricity, in our country is constantly increasing. In this regard, it becomes necessary to reduce the cost of electrical energy as much as possible. The article discusses the possibility of reducing electrical energy in supply ventilation systems through the use of fans. We present the results of the aerodynamic calculation of two variants of the supply ventilation system of an industrial building. The first option is the traditional scheme with one common central fan. The second option is a scheme using fan coil units on separate branches of the system. As a result of the calculations, it is shown that the installation of fan coil units will significantly reduce the load on the central fan drive.