bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small Molecule‐Inducible and Photoactivatable Cellular RNA N1‐Methyladenosine Editing
Authors: Xie Guoyou , Lu Yunqing , He Jiaxin , Yang Xianyuan , Zhou Jiawang , Yi Cheng , Li Jian , Li Zigang , Asadikaram Gholamreza , Niu Hongxin , Xiong Xiaofeng , Li Jiexin , Wang Hongsheng
Published: April 2024

N1‐methyladenosine (m1A) modification is one of the most prevalent epigenetic modifications on RNA. Given the vital role of m1A modification in RNA processing such as splicing, stability and translation, developing a precise and controllable m1A editing tool is pivotal for in‐depth investigating the biological functions of m1A. In this study, we developed an abscisic acid (ABA)‐inducible and reversible m1A demethylation tool (termed AI‐dm1A), which targets specific transcripts by combining the chemical proximity‐induction techniques with the CRISPR/dCas13b system and ALKBH3. We successfully employed AI‐dm1A to selectively demethylate the m1A modifications at A8422 of MALAT1 RNA, and this demethylation process could be reversed by removing ABA. Furthermore, we validated its demethylation function on various types of cellular RNAs including mRNA, rRNA and lncRNA. Additionally, we used AI‐dm1A to specifically demethylate m1A on ATP5D mRNA, which promoted ATP5D expression and enhanced the glycolysis activity of tumor cells. Conversely, by replacing the demethylase ALKBH3 with methyltransferase TRMT61A, we also developed a controllable m1A methylation tool, namely AI‐m1A. Finally, we caged ABA by 4,5‐dimethoxy‐2‐nitrobenzyl (DMNB) to achieve light‐inducible m1A methylation or demethylation on specific transcripts. Collectively, our m1A editing tool enables us to flexibly study how m1A modifications on specific transcript influence biological functions and phenotypes.
Self‐Sorting of Interfacial Compatibility in MOF‐Based Mixed Matrix Membranes
Authors: Qi Anheng , Li Conger , Evans Jack D. , Zhao Yingbo , Li Tao
Published: April 2024

Metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have shown great promises to overcome the performance upper limit of polymeric membranes for various gas separation processes. However, the gas separation properties of the MMMs largely depend on the MOF‐polymer interfacial compatibility which is a metric difficult to quantify. In most cases, whether a MOF filler and a polymer matrix make a good pair is not revealed until the gas transport experiments are performed. This is because there is a lack of characterization techniques to directly probe the MOF‐polymer interfacial compatibility. In this work, we demonstrate a self‐sorting method to rank the interface compatibility among several MOF‐polymer pairs. By mixing one MOF with two polymers in an MMM, the demixing of two polymers will form two polymer domains. The MOF particles will preferably partition into the “preferred” polymer domain due to their higher interfacial affinity. By scanning different polymer pairs, a rank of MOF‐polymer interfacial compatibility from high to low can be obtained. Moreover, based on this ranking, it was also found that a highly compatible MOF‐polymer pair suggested by this method also corresponds to a more predictable MMM gas separation performance.
Near‐Infrared Emission Beyond 900 nm from Stable Radicals in Nonconjugated Poly(diphenylmethane)
Authors: Zhang Ziteng , Xiong Zuping , Zhang Jianyu , Chu Bo , Liu Xiong , Tu Weihao , Wang Lei , Sun Jing Zhi , Zhang Chengjian , Zhang Haoke , Zhang Xinghong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: April 2024

Organic radicals with narrow energy gaps are highly sought‐after for the production of near‐infrared (NIR) fluorophores. However, the current repertoire of developed organic radicals is notably limited, facing challenges related to stability and low fluorescence efficiency. This study addresses these limitations by achieving stable radicals in nonconjugated poly(diphenylmethane) (PDPM). Notably, PDPM exhibits a well‐balanced structural flexibility and rigidity, resulting in a robust intra‐/inter‐chain through‐space conjugation (TSC). The stable radicals within PDPM, coupled with strong TSC, yield a remarkable full‐spectrum emission spanning from blue to NIR beyond 900 nm. This extensive tunability is achieved through careful adjustments of concentration and excitation wavelength. The findings highlight the efficacy of polymerization in stabilizing radicals and introduce a novel approach for developing nonconjugated NIR emitters based on triphenylmethane subunits.
Taylor Dispersion‐Induced Phase Separation for the Efficient Characterisation of Protein Condensate Formation
Authors: Norrild Rasmus K. , Mason Thomas O. , Boyens‐Thiele Lars , Ray Soumik , Mortensen Joachim B. , Fritsch Anatol W. , Iglesias‐Artola Juan M. , Klausen Louise K. , Stender Emil G. P. , Jensen Henrik , Buell Alexander K.
Published: April 2024

Biomolecular condensates have emerged as important structures in cellular function and disease, and are thought to form through liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS). Thorough and efficient in vitro experiments are therefore needed to elucidate the driving forces of protein LLPS and the possibility to modulate it with drugs. Here we present Taylor dispersion‐induced phase separation (TDIPS), a method to robustly measure condensation phenomena using a commercially available microfluidic platform. It uses only nanoliters of sample, does not require extrinsic fluorescent labels, and is straightforward to implement. We demonstrate TDIPS by screening the phase behaviour of two proteins that form biomolecular condensates in vivo, PGL‐3 and Ddx4. Uniquely accessible to this method, we find an unexpected re‐entrant behaviour at very low ionic strength, where LLPS is inhibited for both proteins. TDIPS can also probe the reversibility of assemblies, which was shown for both α‐synuclein and for lysozyme, relevant for health and biotechnology, respectively. Finally, we highlight how effective inhibition concentrations and partitioning of LLPS‐modifying compounds can be screened highly efficiently.
Biomimetic Hydrogen‐Bonded G ⋅ C ⋅ G ⋅ C Quadruplex within a Tetraphenylethene‐Based Octacationic Spirobicycle in Water
Authors: Zhao Lingyu , Cheng Lin , Yang Yanxia , Wang Pingxia , Tian Ping , Yang Ting , Nian Hao , Cao Liping
Published: April 2024

In biological systems, nucleotide quadruplexes (such as G‐quadruplexes) in DNA and RNA that are held together by multiple hydrogen bonds play a crucial functional role. The biomimetic formation of these hydrogen‐bonded quadruplexes captured by artificial systems in water poses a significant challenge but can offer valuable insights into these complex functional structures. Herein, we report the formation of biomimetic hydrogen‐bonded G ⋅ C ⋅ G ⋅ C quadruplex captured by a tetraphenylethene (TPE) based octacationic spirobicycle (1). The spirobicyclic compound possesses a three‐dimensional (3D) crossing dual‐cavity structure, which enables the encapsulation of four d(GpC) dinucleotide molecules, thereby realizing 1 : 4 host–guest complexation in water. The X‐ray structure reveals that four d(GpC) molecules further form a two‐layer G ⋅ C ⋅ G ⋅ C quadruplex with Watson–Crick hydrogen bonds, which are stabilized within the dual hydrophobic cavities of 1 through the cooperative non‐covalent interactions of hydrogen bonds, CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions, and hydrophobic effect. Due to the dynamically‐rotational propeller chirality of TPE units, 1 with adaptive chirality can further serve as a chiroptical sensor to exhibit opposite Cotton effects with mirror‐image CD spectra for the pH‐dependent hydrogen‐bonded assemblies of d(GpC) including the Watson–Crick G ⋅ C ⋅ G ⋅ C (pH 9.22) and Hoogsteen G ⋅ C+ ⋅ G ⋅ C+ (pH 5.74) quartets through the host–guest chirality transfer in water.
Tensile Strain‐Mediated Bimetallene Nanozyme for Enhanced Photothermal Tumor Catalytic Therapy
Authors: Wu Jiandong , Liu Qihui , Jiao Dongxu , Tian Bin , Wu Qiong , Chang Xin , Chu Hongyu , Jiang Shan , Yang Qi , Liu Tao , Zhang Yue , Zhang Wei , Fan Jinchang , Cui Xiaoqiang , Chen Fangfang
Published: April 2024

Nanozymes have demonstrated significant potential in combating malignant tumor proliferation through catalytic therapy. However, the therapeutic effect is often limited by insufficient catalytic performance. In this study, we propose the utilization of strain engineering in metallenes to fully expose the active regions due to their ultrathin nature. Here, we present the first report on a novel tensile strain‐mediated local amorphous RhRu (la‐RhRu) bimetallene with exceptional intrinsic photothermal effect and photo‐enhanced multiple enzyme‐like activities. Through geometric phase analysis, electron diffraction profile, and X‐ray diffraction, it is revealed that crystalline‐amorphous heterophase boundaries can generate approximately 2 % tensile strain in the bimetallene. The ultrathin structure and in‐plane strain of the bimetallene induce an amplified strain effect. Both experimental and theoretical evidence support the notion that tensile strain promotes multiple enzyme‐like activities. Functioning as a tumor microenvironment (TME)‐responsive nanozyme, la‐RhRu exhibits remarkable therapeutic efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. This work highlights the tremendous potential of atomic‐scale tensile strain engineering strategy in enhancing tumor catalytic therapy.
Enantiopure Corral[4]BINOLs as Ultrastrong Receptors for Recognition and Differential Sensing of Steroids
Authors: Fu Rong , Li Dai‐Yuan , Tian Jia‐Hong , Lin Yi‐Lin , Zhao Qing‐Yu , Li Wen‐Li , Chen Fang‐Yuan , Guo Dong‐Sheng , Cai Kang
Published: April 2024

The precise recognition and sensing of steroids, a type of vital biomolecules, hold immense practical value across various domains. In this study, we introduced corral[4]BINOLs (C[4]BINOLs), a pair of enantiomeric conjugated deep‐cavity hosts, as novel synthetic receptors for binding steroids. Due to the strong hydrophobic effect of their deep nonpolar, chiral cavities, the two enantiomers of C[4]BINOLs demonstrated exceptionally high recognition affinities (up to 1012 M−1) for 16 important steroidal compounds as well as good enantioselectiviy (up to 15.5) in aqueous solutions, establishing them as the most potent known steroid receptors. Harnessing their ultrahigh affinity, remarkable enantioselectivity, and fluorescence emission properties, the two C[4]BINOL enantiomers were employed to compose a fluorescent sensor array which achieved discrimination and sensing of 16 structurally similar steroids at low concentrations.
Effects of photodegradation performance with PLA‐containing samples on double injection molding
Authors: Li Jiquan , Lin Yikai , Xie Jun , Jing Liting , Peng Xiang , Jiang Shaofei
Published: April 2024

The influence of different overlay layers (ABS, PC, and PLA) is investigated on the photodegradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)‐containing samples in double injection molding, and PLA/PLA samples serve as the control group. In terms of microstructure, an analysis is conducted on the chemical structure, thermal performance, crystallinity, and molecular weight of the base layer of samples. The carbonyl index and molecular weight of the base layer of PLA/PLA samples decrease rapidly, and the trend of crystallinity change is also fast. Among them, the number of molecular chain scissions decreases to 0.61, and the crystallinity increases to a maximum of 17.93%, which indicates that the photodegradation degree of the base layer of PLA/PLA samples is greater than that of the other two samples. The microscopic surface morphology change of the base layer of three PLA‐containing samples is analyzed. The base layer of PLA/PLA samples becomes rougher after 600 h of UV degradation. Meanwhile, compared with other PLA‐containing samples, the percentage of tensile strength loss of PLA/PLA samples is higher, decreasing by 16.64%. In summary, using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polycarbonate (PC) materials as overlay layers for double injection molding can mitigate the photodegradation of the base layer of PLA‐containing samples in double injection molding.
Efficacy of plastinated specimens in anatomy education: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Goh Julian Shu Kai , Chandrasekaran Ramya , Sirasanagandla Srinivasa Rao , Acharyya Sanchalika , Mogali Sreenivasulu Reddy
Published: April 2024

Plastination, a permanent preservation method for human tissues and organs, is increasingly being used in anatomy education. However, there is a paucity of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses summarizing the educational efficacy of plastinated specimens. This meta‐analysis compared the assessment scores of students exposed to plastinated specimens against those exposed to other common instructional methods. A systematic search was conducted through four databases, from 2000 to July 2022. Titles and abstracts of the retrieved records were screened according to predetermined eligibility criteria. Of the 159 records screened, 18 were subjected to full‐text review. Among the 18 studies, five articles reported post‐intervention test scores for intervention (plastinated) and control (other modalities) groups. Studies were subjected to GRADE quality assessment, and four studies with moderate to high ratings were included for meta‐analysis. Students' perceptions (n = 15 studies) were qualitatively analyzed using an inductive narrative analysis. No significant effect was detected between the intervention (n = 417) and control groups (n = 422) (standardized mean difference = 0.08; 95% CI [−0.36, 0.52]; p = 0.73). Four themes emerged from students' perceptions: ease of use, motivation to study, spatial understanding, and learning preference. Overall, student performance outcomes comparing the use of plastinated specimens versus other instructional modalities are very limited. This meta‐analysis suggests that knowledge gained from plastinated specimens is comparable to learning achieved through other modalities; though this outcome should be interpreted with caution as there is currently insufficient evidence for definitive conclusions.
Triblock Polymer/Acetylene Black Dual‐Assisted Preparation of Ge/C Nanocomposites with Superior Lithium Storage Performance
Authors: Zhang Mingming , Shen Kuan , Gao Mingyue , Guo Xingmei , Zhang Junhao , Gu Hongxing , Kong Qinghong , Jin Zhong
Published: April 2024

Anode materials based on IV main group elements like Si, Ge, and Sn show great potential for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high specific capacity and low working potential. However, issues such as volume expansion and lattice pulverization hinder their practical usage. To address these issues for Ge, a novel F127 triblock polymer/acetylene black dual‐assisted strategy is proposed to achieve uniform dispersion of polycrystalline Ge, enabling the preparation of Ge@C nanocomposites via hydrogen reduction. The introduced F127 triblock polymer and acetylene black serves a dual purpose to enhance electrical conductivity and prevent Ge nanoparticles from agglomeration. When tested as anode material for LIBs, the Ge@C nanocomposites exhibit exceptional electrochemical performances, demonstrating a sustained specific discharge capacity of 780 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 after 100 cycles. Moreover, the capacity remains at 767 mA h g−1 even after 300 cycles at a higher current density of 0.5 A g−1. These enhanced lithium storage performances are attributed to the combined effects of well‐dispersed tiny Ge nanoparticles, uniform carbon coating, and an abundance of defects. These factors effectively mitigate the volume expansion and lattice pulverization of Ge nanoparticles and concurrently enhance their conductivity, leading to improved overall performance in LIBs.
Measuring Rational Thinking in Adolescents: The Assessment of Rational Thinking for Youth (ART‐Y)
Authors: Toplak Maggie E. , Stanovich Keith E.
Published: April 2024

There has been considerable conceptual and empirical progress on the measurement of rational thinking in adult samples. Studies in developmental samples have demonstrated that many of these domains and paradigms can also be assessed in children and youth, especially in adolescent samples. Here, we present an efficient rationality assessment battery for adolescents and youth—the Assessment of Rational Thinking for Youth (ART‐Y). The ART‐Y consists of five subtests: Probabilistic and Statistical Thinking, Scientific Thinking, Avoidance of Framing, Knowledge Calibration, and Rational Temporal Discounting. Two supplementary measures of thinking dispositions are included in the ART‐Y: Actively Open‐Minded Thinking (AOT) and Deliberative Thinking. The ART‐Y battery was examined in a sample of 143 adolescents (mean age = 15.4 years). The five rational thinking subtests displayed intercorrelations largely consistent with those obtained in the adult literature. Age, cognitive ability, problem solving, probabilistic numeracy, and thinking dispositions predicted variance differently across the five subtests of the ART‐Y, but again largely consistent with the adult literature. These measures, along with the ART‐Y subtests, were examined as predictors of two real‐world skills: financial literacy and academic achievement. Scientific thinking, knowledge calibration, and rational temporal discounting were significant unique predictors of financial literacy when statistically controlling for cognitive ability. Scientific thinking predicted academic achievement when statistically controlling for cognitive ability.
The molecular mechanisms regulating the assembly of the autophagy initiation complex
Authors: Yao Weijing , Feng Yuyao , Zhang Yi , Yang Huan , Yi Cong
Published: April 2024

The autophagy initiation complex is brought about via a highly ordered and stepwise assembly process. Two crucial signaling molecules, mTORC1 and AMPK, orchestrate this assembly by phosphorylating/dephosphorylating autophagy‐related proteins. Activation of Atg1 followed by recruitment of both Atg9 vesicles and the PI3K complex I to the PAS (phagophore assembly site) are particularly crucial steps in its formation. Ypt1, a small Rab GTPase in yeast cells, also plays an essential role in the formation of the autophagy initiation complex through multiple regulatory pathways. In this review, our primary focus is to discuss how signaling molecules initiate the assembly of the autophagy initiation complex, and highlight the significant roles of Ypt1 in this process. We end by addressing issues that need future clarification.
Women green entrepreneurship: Conceptualisation and use of bricolage for policy recommendations
Authors: Potluri Seema , Ananthram Subramaniam , Phani Bollempalli Venkata
Published: April 2024

In the context of global concerns such as environmental degradation and gender inequality, international and national agencies and academicians have recognised the curative potential of green entrepreneurship and women entrepreneurship. Furthering these concepts, this paper draws from extant literature on green entrepreneurship (GE) and women entrepreneurship and supplements it with ecofeminism (a feminine trait) literature to present a more beneficial proposition of ‘women green entrepreneurship’ (WGE) that implies participation of women in GE. Additionally, the paper identifies challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in general, and women green entrepreneurs in particular, at various levels, leading the authors to propose a study that envisages use of bricolage to investigate unique behaviour and strategies of existing WGEs who have thrived despite the challenges. Catering to UN SDGs (United Nations Sustainable Development Goals) in general, and specifically oriented towards SDG 5 (Gender Equality) and SDG 13 (Climate Action) together, the article proposes and provides credence to WGE as a distinguished domain for future research, while making suggestions for international and national policies, also providing practical toolkits to aspiring WGEs.
The impact of the affordable care act and Medicaid expansion on colorectal cancer screening: Evidence from the 5th year of Medicaid expansion
Authors: Preston Michael A. , Amoli Mahmoud Manouchehri , Chukmaitov Askar S. , Krist Alex H. , Dahman Bassam
Published: April 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer screening rates remain suboptimal, particularly among low‐income populations. Our objective was to evaluate the long‐term effects of Medicaid expansion on colorectal cancer screening.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross‐sectional study analyzed data from 354,384 individuals aged 50–64 with an income below 400% of the federal poverty level (FPL), who participated in the Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System from 2010 to 2018. A difference‐in‐difference analysis was employed to estimate the effect of Medicaid expansion on colorectal cancer screening. Subgroup analyses were conducted for individuals with income up to 138% of the FPL and those with income between 139% and 400% of the FPL. The effect of Medicaid expansion on colorectal cancer screening was examined during the early, mid, and late expansion periods.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the likelihood of receiving colorectal cancer screening for low‐income adults aged 50–64.

Results

Medicaid expansion was associated with a significant 1.7 percentage point increase in colorectal cancer screening rates among adults aged 50–64 with income below 400% of the FPL (p < 0.05). A significant 2.9 percentage point increase in colorectal cancer screening was observed for those with income up to 138% the FPL (p < 0.05), while a 1.5 percentage point increase occurred for individuals with income between 139% and 400% of the FPL. The impact of Medicaid expansion on colorectal cancer screening varied based on income levels and displayed a time lag for newly eligible beneficiaries.

Conclusions

Medicaid expansion was found to be associated with increased colorectal cancer screening rates among low‐income individuals aged 50–64. The observed variations in impact based on income levels and the time lag for newly eligible beneficiaries receiving colorectal cancer screening highlight the need for further research and precision public health strategies to maximize the benefits of Medicaid expansion on colorectal cancer screening rates.
Switching from FOLFIRI plus cetuximab to FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab based on early tumor shrinkage in RAS wild‐type metastatic colorectal cancer: A phase II trial (HYBRID)
Authors: Arai Hiroyuki , Tsuda Takashi , Sunakawa Yu , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Akiyoshi Kohei , Tokunaga Shinya , Shoji Hirokazu , Kunieda Kenji , Kotaka Masahito , Matsumoto Toshihiko , Nagata Yusuke , Mizukami Takuro , Mizuki Fumitaka , Danenberg Kathleen D. , Boku Narikazu , Nakajima Takako Eguchi
Published: April 2024

Background

Long‐term anti‐EGFR antibody treatment increases the risk of severe dermatologic toxicities. This single‐arm, phase II trial aimed to investigate the strategy of switching from cetuximab to bevacizumab in combination with FOLFIRI based on early tumor shrinkage (ETS) in patients with RAS wild‐type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Methods

Radiologic assessment was performed to evaluate ETS, defined as ≥20% reduction in the sum of the largest diameters of target lesions 8 weeks after the introduction of FOLFIRI plus cetuximab. ETS‐negative patients switched to FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab, whereas ETS‐positive patients continued FOLFIRI plus cetuximab for eight more weeks, with a switch to FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab thereafter. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival.

Results

This trial was prematurely terminated due to poor accrual after a total enrollment of 30 patients. In 29 eligible patients, 7 were ETS‐negative and 22 were ETS‐positive. Two ETS‐negative patients and 17 ETS‐positive patients switched to FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab 8 weeks and 16 weeks after initial FOLFIRI plus cetuximab, respectively. Median progression‐free and overall survival durations were 13.4 and 34.7 months, respectively. Six (20%) patients experienced grade ≥3 paronychia, which improved to grade ≤2 by 18 weeks. Grade ≥3 acneiform rash, dry skin, and pruritus were not observed in any patients.

Conclusions

Our novel treatment strategy delivered acceptable survival outcomes and reduced severe dermatologic toxicities.
The relation between contact experiences and dual identity among German residents with a Turkish or Kurdish identity
Authors: Weber Maria‐Christina , Stroebele Leonie , Song Sonja Jia , Offner Louis , Huang Anna X. , Degner Juliane
Published: April 2024

We present secondary analyses of data collected with German residents with Turkish and Kurdish ancestry (n = 414), who represent the largest migrant groups in Germany. The majority of our sample of mostly second‐generation migrants exhibited integrated identity profiles, with high levels of both ethnic (Turkish or Kurdish) and national (German) identification. National and ethnic identification were unrelated, and both were predicted by the frequency and quality of contact with members of the respective groups as well as the extent to which participants report daily discrimination experiences. We additionally adopted a regional bias approach (Calanchini et al., 2022), inserting regional‐level data as indicators of context variance of contact opportunity and local aggregates of racialized group attitudes into analyses. Results document that the varying level of contact opportunity did not predict individual contact experiences and social identity, whereas the local attitude aggregate predicted individual contact experiences and participants' reports of daily discrimination, which, in turn, related to both ethnic and national identifications. These results indicate the relevance of social and contextual variables on the formation and navigation of multiple identities, which has theoretical and practical implications for the current societal and political debates about migration and integration.
Chitosan and Chitooligosaccharides: Antifungal Potential and Structural Insights
Authors: de Azevedo Mayara Itala Geronimo , Souza Pedro Filho Noronha , Monteiro Júnior José Edvar , Grangeiro Thalles Barbosa
Published: April 2024

Chitosan is a cationic polysaccharide derived from chitin deacetylation. This polysaccharide and its oligosaccharides have many biological activities and can be used in several fields due to their favorable characteristics, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nontoxicity. This review aims to explore the antifungal potential of chitosan and chitooligosaccharides along with the conditions used for the activity and mechanisms of action they use to kill fungal cells. The sources, chemical properties, and applications of chitosan and chitooligosaccharides are discussed in this review. It also addresses the threat fungi pose to human health and crop production and how these saccharides have proven to be effective against these microorganisms. The cellular processes triggered by chitosan and chitooligosaccharides in fungal cells, and prospects for their use as potential antifungal agents are also examined.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Coumarin Derivatives Containing Hydrazone Moiety
Authors: Zhang Zibo , Geng Dongxian , Yang Zhou , Pan Le , Jin Lu
Published: April 2024

Plant disease control mainly relies on pesticides. In this study, a series of coumarin derivatives containing hydrazone moiety were designed and synthesized. The synthesized compounds were characterized and used to evaluate the antifungal activity against four pathogens, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Alternaria alternata. The results showed that the inhibition rate of some compounds at 100 μg/mL in 96 hours reached around 70 % against A. alternata, higher than that of the positive control. The corresponding EC50 values were found at around 30 μg/mL. Finally, the compound 3 b was screened out with the lowest EC50 value (19.49 μg/mL). The analysis of SEM and TEM confirmed that the compound 3 b can obviously damage the morphological structure of hyphae, resulting in the depletion of the cells by the destruction of morphological matrix and leakage of contents. RNA sequencing showed that compounds 3 b mainly affected the pentose phosphate pathway, which caused to destroy the layer of mitochondrial structure. Molecular docking showed that compounds 3 b fitted the binding pocket of yeast transketolase and interacted with lysine at the hydrazone structure. Our results suggested that the introduction of hydrazone was an effective strategy for the design of novel bioactive compounds.
Natural excretion of a metallic susceptor originating from an ingested heated tobacco stick
Authors: Doi Hirohito , Kakiuchi Toshihiko , Nishino Masafumi , Yoshiura Masato
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Clinicians should not only consider the presence of metallic foreign bodies within the digestive tract but also contemplate the possibility of nicotine poisoning during the diagnostic process.

When clinicians encounter cases of accidental ingestion of some types of heated tobacco, they must consider not only nicotine poisoning but also the possibility of a metallic foreign body within the digestive tract during diagnosis. In children, even sharp or relatively large ingested foreign bodies can spontaneously pass below the esophagus. Considering that this 12‐mm metal piece is small, natural excretion may be considered rather than endoscopic removal.
Reactive Magnesium Nanoparticles to Perform Reactions in Suspension
Authors: Ritschel Christian , Donsbach Carsten , Feldmann Claus
Published: April 2024

Zerovalent magnesium (Mg(0)) nanoparticles are prepared in the liquid phase (THF) by reduction of MgBr2 either with lithium naphthalenide ([LiNaph]) or lithium biphenyl ([LiBP]). [LiBP]‐driven reduction results in smaller Mg(0) nanoparticles (10.3±1.7 nm) than [LiNaph]‐driven reduction (28.5±4 nm). The as‐prepared Mg(0) nanoparticles are monocrystalline (d101=245±5 pm) for both types of reduction. Their reactivity is probed by liquid‐phase reaction (THF, toluene) in suspension near room temperature (20–120 °C) with 1‐bromoadamantane (AdBr), chlortriphenylsilane (Ph3SiCl), trichlorphenylsilane (PhSiCl3), 9H‐carbazole (Hcbz), 7‐azaindole (Hai), 1,8‐diaminonaphthalene (H4nda) and N,N’‐bis(α‐pyridyl)‐2,6‐diaminopyridine (H2tpda) as exemplary starting materials. The reactions result in the formation of 1,1’‐biadamantane (1), [MgCl2(thf)2]×Ph6Si2 (2), [Mg9(thf)14Cl18] (3), [Mg(cbz)2(thf)3] (4), [Mg4O(ai)6]×1.5 C7H8 (5), [Mg4(H2nda)4(thf)4] (6) and [Mg3(tpda)3] (7) with 40–80 % yield. 1 and 2 show the reactivity of Mg(0) nanoparticles for C−C and Si−Si coupling reactions with sterically demanding starting materials. 3–7 represent new coordination compounds using sterically demanding N−H‐acidic amines as starting materials. The formation of multinuclear Mg2+ complexes with multidentate ligands illustrates the potential of the oxidative approach to obtain novel compounds with Mg(0) nanoparticles in the liquid phase.
Exploring a De Novo Route to Bradyrhizose: Synthesis and Isomeric Equilibrium of Bradyrhizose Diastereomers≠
Authors: Cunha Vitor L. S. , O'Doherty George A. , Lowary Todd L.
Published: April 2024

A de novo asymmetric strategy for the synthesis of d‐bradyrhizose diastereomers from an achiral ketoenolester precursor is described. Key transformations used in the stereodivergent approach include two Noyori asymmetric reductions, an Achmatowicz rearrangement, diastereoselective alkene oxidations, and the first example of a palladium(0)‐catalyzed glycosylation of a vinylogous pyranone. The isomeric composition of the bicyclic reducing sugars obtained was analyzed and their behaviour was compared to the natural product, revealing key stereocentres that impact the overall distribution.
Photocatalytic Nitrate Reduction over TiO2 Layers on Glass Rings Generated by Dip‐Coating
Authors: Becker Luisa , Guci Miranda , Schwidder Michael
Published: April 2024

The support of powdered catalysts on mold bodies facilitates their handling and reusability. In case of photocatalytic applications, such as enhanced water purification processes, transparent supports with thin layers of the active material are desirable to obtain an optimal light efficiency. For the generation of such layers a precise control of layer thickness is crucial. Here, a multi‐step dip‐coating approach for the generation of TiO2 layers with varying thickness on glass rings is reported. Additionally, the coated glass rings were tested in the photocatalytic reduction of nitrate in aqueous solution under simulated sunlight.
Combination of dasatinib and venetoclax in newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Haddad Fadi G. , Sasaki Koji , Carter Bing Z. , Alvarado Yesid , Nasnas Cedric , Nasr Lewis , Masarova Lucia , Daver Naval , Pemmaraju Naveen , Short Nicholas J. , Skinner Jeffrey , Kadia Tapan , Borthakur Gautam , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Ravandi Farhad , Issa Ghayas C. , Andreeff Michael , Kantarjian Hagop
Published: April 2024

Background

The dual inhibition of the BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase and BCL‐2 could potentially deepen the response rates of chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML‐CP). This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of the combination of dasatinib and venetoclax.

Methods

In this phase 2 trial, patients with CML‐CP or accelerated phase (clonal evolution) received dasatinib 50 mg/day for three courses; venetoclax was added in course 4 for 3 years. The initial venetoclax dose was 200 mg/day continuously but reduced later to 200 mg/day for 14 days, and to 100 mg/day for 7 days per course once a molecular response (MR)4.5 was achieved. After 3 years of combination, patients were maintained on single‐agent dasatinib. The primary end point was the rate of major molecular response (MMR) by 12 months of combination.

Results

Sixty‐five patients were treated. Their median age was 46 years (range, 23–73). By 12 months of combination, the MMR, MR4, and MR4.5 rates were 86%, 53%, and 45%, respectively. After a median follow‐up of 42 months, the 4‐year event‐free and overall survival rates were 96% and 100%, respectively. Outcomes with the combination were comparable to historical outcomes with single‐agent dasatinib (cumulative 12‐months MMR rate of 79% with both strategies). The incidence of grade 3‐4 neutropenia was 22% with the combination and 11% with single‐agent dasatinib (p < .001).

Conclusions

Treatment with dasatinib and venetoclax was safe and effective in CML‐CP. The cumulative response rates with the combination were similar to those with single‐agent dasatinib. Further follow‐up is needed to evaluate the rates of durable deep molecular response and treatment‐free remission.
Histological characterization and development of mesial surface sulci in the human brain at 13–15 gestational weeks through high‐resolution histology
Authors: Verma Richa , Jayakumar Jaikishan , Folkerth Rebecca , Manger Paul R. , Bota Mihail , Majumder Moitrayee , Pandurangan Karthika , Savoia Stephen , Karthik Srinivasa , Kumarasami Ramdayalan , Joseph Jayaraj , Rohini G. , Vasudevan Sudha , Srinivasan Chitra , Lata S. , Kumar E. Harish , Rangasami Rajeswaran , Kumutha Jayaraman , Suresh S. , Šimić Goran , Mitra Partha P , Sivaprakasam Mohanasankar
Published: April 2024

Cellular‐level anatomical data from early fetal brain are sparse yet critical to the understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders. We characterize the organization of the human cerebral cortex between 13 and 15 gestational weeks using high‐resolution whole‐brain histological data sets complimented with multimodal imaging. We observed the heretofore underrecognized, reproducible presence of infolds on the mesial surface of the cerebral hemispheres. Of note at this stage, when most of the cerebrum is occupied by lateral ventricles and the corpus callosum is incompletely developed, we postulate that these mesial infolds represent the primordial stage of cingulate, callosal, and calcarine sulci, features of mesial cortical development. Our observations are based on the multimodal approach and further include histological three‐dimensional reconstruction that highlights the importance of the plane of sectioning. We describe the laminar organization of the developing cortical mantle, including these infolds from the marginal to ventricular zone, with Nissl, hematoxylin and eosin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry. Despite the absence of major sulci on the dorsal surface, the boundaries among the orbital, frontal, parietal, and occipital cortex were very well demarcated, primarily by the cytoarchitecture differences in the organization of the subplate (SP) and intermediate zone (IZ) in these locations. The parietal region has the thickest cortical plate (CP), SP, and IZ, whereas the orbital region shows the thinnest CP and reveals an extra cell‐sparse layer above the bilaminar SP. The subcortical structures show intensely GFAP‐immunolabeled soma, absent in the cerebral mantle. Our findings establish a normative neurodevelopment baseline at the early stage.
A Novel Side‐Chain Type Double‐Cation Grafted Poly (Binaphthyl Triphenyl Piperidine) Membranes for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Zheng Shanchang , Ning Nan , Hua Yani , Gao Zhan
Published: April 2024

Recent advancements in anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have been primarily driven by improvements in anion exchange membranes (AEMs). Aryl ether bond‐free membranes have emerged as a promising avenue for enhancing the overall performance of AEMs. In this study, poly (binaphthyl triphenyl piperidine) with different side‐chain degree (PBTP‐s‐x), possesses double cationic groups, aiming at further enhancing overall performance for AEMs. The use of a twisted stereospecific backbone structure of polymerized binaphthyl and triple biphenyl monomer and grafted side chains of piperidine cationic groups not only improves the microphase separation structure of the membrane, but also improves the alkali resistance. Notably, the PBTP‐s‐100 AEMs exhibit exceptional OH− conductivity, reaching up to 138.21 mS cm−1, and show outstanding mechanical properties with a tensile strength of up to 28 MPa. Additionally, PBTP‐s‐100 displays excellent durability, proved by the NMR spectral consistency and over 80 % ion conductivity retention in 1 M NaOH at 60 °C for 4 weeks. And PBTP‐s‐100 exhibits a higher Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) and a larger energy gap for LUMO and Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) by density functional theory calculation, which indicates it possesses sterling alkaline stability. These findings highlight the potential of PBTP‐s‐100 as a highly performing polymer structure suitable for anion exchange membranes, which is capable of significantly enhancing the performance of fuel cells.
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance in Supercapacitors through KCu−Cy Based Metal‐Organic Framework Electrodes
Authors: Ferhi Najmeddine , Essalhi Mohamed , Zarrougui Ramzi
Published: April 2024

In the realm of electronics and electric energy storage, the convergence of organic and metallic materials has yielded promising outcomes. In this study, we introduce a novel metal‐organic polymer synthesized from Cyamelurate and copper (KCu−Cy) and explore its application as an electrode for a supercapacitor. This material was pressed onto a stainless‐steel grid as a thin film and synthesized on nickel foam. Comprehensive characterization was carried out to confirm the synthesis, ensure phase purity, and investigate atomic interactions. Single Crystal X‐ray Diffraction (SCXRD) and Powder X‐ray Diffraction (PXRD) analyses verified the synthesis and phase purity, shedding light on atomic arrangements. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses provided insights into characteristic peaks within the material. Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) gauged stability and durability. Electrochemical performance was assessed through cyclic voltammetry. Notably, the nickel‐supported electrodes, devoid of binders, exhibited exceptional specific capacity, reaching 1210.89 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s, in contrast to 363.73 F/g for the pressed thin film on the stainless‐steel grid, which incorporated a conductive agent and binder. Cu−Cy displayed impressive cyclization resistance, with a capacity retention of 90 % even after 11000 cycles. These findings underline the promise of Cu−Cy as a high‐performance electrode material for supercapacitors, particularly in binder‐free configurations, and suggest its potential in advanced energy storage applications.
Post‐Assembly Polymerization of Discrete Anion‐Coordinated Triple Helicate
Authors: Zhao Jie , Lv Ruying , Zhao Fen , Yang Dong
Published: April 2024

Hierarchical self‐assembly has been recently employed in the construction of anion‐coordination‐driven gel materials. However, the post‐assembly modification strategy, which may be a highly efficient strategy to realize the functionalization of discrete ‘aniono’ supramolecular architectures, has not been employed yet. Herein we report the first example of anion‐coordination‐driven gel material cross‐linked by well‐defined ‘aniono’ triple helicate through post‐assembly polymerization. The obtained gel shows self‐healing property and excellent compatibility with various surfaces, including glass, rubber, leaf, PP, and metal. The viscoelastic gel constructed through the post‐assembly modification strategy enriches the method to construct the anion‐coordination‐driven smart materials.
Production and Characterization of Electrodeposited Cadmium Sulfide Semiconductor Films with Different Boron Content
Authors: Erdoğan Erman
Published: April 2024

In this study, Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) semiconductor films are electrodeposited on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) substrates at 80 °C base temperature for different boric acid (H3BO3) ratios. The effect of boric acid on these films is investigated. For this, first of all, the structural change of the films is examined. Among the films obtained with different boric acid ratios, the optimum film is achieved with 0.06 m boric acid doped. From the basic absorption spectra (αhʋ) of the obtained CdS:B films, the variation of hʋ is drawn and it is determined that the CdS:B semiconductor films has a direct band transition. From the basic absorption spectra of the obtained CdS:B films, it is observed that the CdS:B semiconductor films has a direct band transition. In addition, the optical energy bandgap values obtained are in agreement with the values in the available literatures. The results of the structural, optical, and morphological properties of the films produced in this study indicate that among the selected additive ratios, 1% boric acid gives the best and optimum deposition condition. The thin films obtained are also found to be useful as absorber layers in photovoltaic solar cells.
The shift from fast fashion to socially and sustainable fast fashion: The pivotal role of ethical consideration of consumer intentions to purchase Zara
Authors: Baena Verónica
Published: April 2024

Fast fashion, a prominent sector in global business, has come under scrutiny for its substantial clothing production and the resulting social and environmental impacts. A social and sustainable orientation in fast fashion is gaining traction with increased consumer awareness, prompting a shift in manufacturing practices. This paper, using a combination of qualitative (content analysis) and quantitative (survey) approaches, focuses on Zara and applies Stakeholder theory to confirm the positive impact of adopting social and sustainable initiatives on clients' purchase intentions. Our findings also underscore the significance of keeping stakeholders informed about the sustainable and corporate social responsibility initiatives undertaken by a brand.
Identification of system parameters of a large‐scale dynamic multiaxial testing facility
Authors: Lin Wang‐Chuen , Yu Chung‐Han , Lin Chin‐Cheng , Lai Yi‐An , Liu Chiung‐Lin , Hsiung Sih‐Min , Peng Shen‐Kai , Wang Shiang‐Jung
Published: April 2024

Large‐scale multiaxial testing facilities mainly serve to experimentally examine the horizontal behavior of full‐scale critical structural members, such as columns and seismic isolation bearings, on which a large vertical compression load is exerted as they simultaneously undergo horizontal deformation. The system friction and inertia force play an important role in obtaining sufficiently reliable test results, and it is not easy to comprehensively grasp all the issues involved. To understand the system friction and inertia force of the Bi‐Axial Dynamic Testing System (BATS) at the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering Tainan laboratory and to avoid complexity caused by specimens as much as possible, a lubricated flat sliding bearing is chosen as the specimen to be tested under horizontal triangular and sinusoidal reversed loading together with a constant vertical compression load. When no specimens are installed, that is, without vertical compression loading, the system friction of BATS generated by the various sliding surfaces can be identified and mathematically characterized using the horizontal triangular reversed loading test results; then, the effective mass of BATS can be estimated using the horizontal sinusoidal reversal loading test results to solve the inertia force problem. When applying a vertical compression load, it is assumed that the system friction of BATS and the shear force of the specimen are simply related to the applied total normal force (or vertical compression load) and horizontal excitation rate. An iteration methodology is proposed to identify and mathematically describe the dependency of the friction performance of BATS and the specimen on total normal forces (or vertical compression loads) and horizontal excitation rates by iterating the horizontal triangular and sinusoidal reversed loading test results. Finally, a lead‐rubber bearing and a direct force measurement system are connected in series such that the measurement system precludes the system friction and inertia force and a series of tests are conducted. The reliability of the proposed mathematical model for BATS and the feasibility of the proposed direct force measurement strategy are further demonstrated by comparing the calibrated force response with the directly measured response.
Interface passivation using diketopyrrolopyrrole‐oligothiophene copolymer to improve the performance of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Abicho Samuel , Hailegnaw Bekele , Mayr Felix , Cobet Munise , Yumusak Cigdem , Esubalew Siraye , Yohannes Teketel , Kaltenbrunner Martin , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar , Scharber Markus Clark , Workneh Getachew Adam
Published: April 2024

The unprecedented increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of low‐cost organo‐inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (OIHPSCs) toward its Shockley‐Queisser limit intriguingly has prompted researchers to investigate the disadvantages of these devices. The issue of operational stability is the main hurdle challenging the way forward for commercialization. To address this, various engineering processes like composition, additives, anti‐solvents, bulk and interface passivation, and deposition techniques have been widely applied to manage both extrinsic and intrinsic factors that induce degradation of the OIHPSCs. In this work, we employed interface passivation, which is an efficient approach to reduce nonradiative recombination. An ultrathin layer of electron donor diketopyrrolopyrrole‐oligothiophene copolymer (DPP860) was applied as an interface passivator between the photoactive layer and [6,6]‐phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The role of the interface passivation on optoelectronic properties of the OIHPSCs was assessed using current density versus voltage (J‐V) characteristics, photoluminescence spectroscopy and time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. The findings show devices treated with DPP860 exhibit enhanced current density (Jsc) and fill factor, attributing for suppressed nonradiative recombination. Moreover, it shows relative improvement in the stability of the device. The results of this finding reveal that using oligothiophene copolymer can enhance the photovoltaic performance and the stability of inverted OIHPSCs in the ambient environment.