bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimal Extrathyroid Extension (mETE) as the Only Risk Factor in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PC): Its Clinical Impact on Recurrence and Outcome during Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Marongiu Andrea , Nuvoli Susanna , De Vito Andrea , Vargiu Sonia , Spanu Angela , Madeddu Giuseppe
Published: February 2024

Minimal extrathyroid extension (mETE) effect on papillary thyroid carcinoma (PC) prognosis is still debated even more so now that this factor has been removed in the 8th AJCC Edition, supporting the hypothesis that mETE is not associated with aggressive tumors. We retrospectively enrolled 91 PC patients (Group 1) submitted to total thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation. At the time of the primary tumor surgery, mETE was ascertained in all patients with no other risk factors, such as multifocality, vascular invasion, neck and distant metastases, and aggressive histological variants. As controls, 205 consecutive matched PC patients (Group 2) without mETE and the aforementioned risk factors were enrolled. During the follow-up (average 8 years), 16/91 (17.58%) Group 1 patients and 15/205 (7.32%) Group 2 patients developed metastases (p = 0.0078). Cox regression analysis showed an increased risk of metastases in patients with mETE (HR: 2.58 (95% CI 1.28–5.22) p = 0.008). Disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly lower in patients with mETE than in controls (p = 0.0059). The present study seems to demonstrate that mETE can be associated with an aggressive PC and can be considered, even alone without other risk factors, an independent factor of unfavorable DFS. Thus, by excluding mETE in the 8th AJCC Edition, patient care and management could be compromised.
Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy: An Insight into the Effects on the Epigenome
Authors: Meza-León Andrea , Montoya-Estrada Araceli , Reyes-Muñoz Enrique , Romo-Yáñez José
Published: February 2024

Worldwide, diabetes mellitus represents a growing health problem. If it occurs during pregnancy, it can increase the risk of various abnormalities in early and advanced life stages of exposed individuals due to fetal programming occurring in utero. Studies have determined that maternal conditions interfere with the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring. Researchers are now uncovering the mechanisms by which epigenetic alterations caused by diabetes affect the expression of genes and, therefore, the development of various diseases. Among the numerous possible epigenetic changes in this regard, the most studied to date are DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, as well as histone acetylation and methylation. This review article addresses critical findings in epigenetic studies involving diabetes mellitus, including variations reported in the expression of specific genes and their transgenerational effects.
Atraumatic Limping Child, a Challenge for Pediatricians: An Observational Age-Related Study in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Cristaldi Sebastian , Boni Alessandra , Ferro Valentina , Musolino Antonio , Della Vecchia Nicoletta , Boccuzzi Elena , Bellelli Elena , Biagiarelli Francesco Saverio , Aulisa Angelo Gabriele , Cirillo Marco , Raucci Umberto , Villani Alberto
Published: February 2024

Background: Atraumatic limping is a frequent cause of consultation in Pediatric Emergency Departments (PED) and often represents a challenge for pediatricians for its variability in etiology ranging from benign causes to potential crippling conditions. The aims of this research are to illustrate the clinical features of acute limping children (LC) and to identify the possible red flags that could help to make a diagnosis of severe pathologies. Methods: We carried out a retrospective study about non-traumatic limping children referred to the PED of Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital over a 2-year period. We divided the cohort into three groups based on the patient’s age: toddlers, children and adolescents. We considered crippling conditions: oncologic etiologies, bone or neurological infections, epiphysiolysis, Perthes disease, Guillain Barrè syndrome and non-accidental injuries. Results: We analyzed 485 patients. At clinical evaluation, 19.5% of the patients presented at least one sign and/or symptom of red flags. Crippling conditions (6.2% of the total population) showed red flags in 36.7%. Transient synovitis of the hip was the most frequent diagnosis. We found crippling conditions in 30 patients, mostly represented by toddlers. Conclusions: Our data suggest that toddlers and patients presenting red flags should be evaluated with particular suspicion because they have an increased risk of underlying severe conditions.
Reassessing and Extending the Composite Rainfall Record of Manchester, Northwest England: 1786–Present
Authors: Macdonald Neil , Dietz Robert
Published: February 2024

A monthly composite rainfall record for the period 1786–present representative of Manchester, northwest England is presented. The 235-year record ranks as the second-longest instrumental rainfall record available for northern England, and the fifth-longest for the UK, and contributes to a growing network of long homogenous rainfall series. A composite record is constructed, extended, and homogenised, and the record is analysed in terms of annual and seasonal variability, with a focus on extreme wet/dry events. Three primary meteorological stations in Manchester, located within 2 km of one another, form the basis of the reconstruction, with other records identified for infilling and extension based on their longevity, continuity, and proximity to the primary stations. A linear regression analysis is applied to produce a continuous record, and adjustment factors are applied to ensure homogeneity. Record homogeneity is assessed via cross-comparison with long-term records from the region (Carlisle, Chatsworth House and HadNWEP), and the methods are applied to assess relative homogeneity include the double-mass curve and Standard Normal Homogeneity tests. The Manchester record is deemed to be homogenous overall but includes two periods of increased uncertainty: 1786–1819, comprising the earliest observations and greatest number of different stations, and 1883–1911, which encompasses multi-year and multi-decadal drought events of (1883–1885 and 1890–1910) as identified by other long-term meteorological studies. The analysis of the entire record reflects long-term rainfall variability with an increasing, although not significant, trend in annual rainfall observed. Seasonally, a significant increase in winter rainfall is exhibited, in keeping with patterns observed in other regional studies. Seasonal rainfall totals are found to be highly variable at the decadal timescale. Several well-documented extreme wet (e.g., autumn 2000) and dry (e.g., summer 1976) seasons are identified, including historic events (e.g., the floods of summer 1872 and drought of summer 1887) from the less-well documented eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Evaluation of the Content of Minerals, B-Group Vitamins, Tocols, and Carotenoids in Raw and In-House Cooked Wild Edible Plants
Authors: Fratianni Alessandra , Albanese Donatella , Ianiri Giuseppe , Vitone Caroline , Malvano Francesca , Avino Pasquale , Panfili Gianfranco
Published: February 2024

Notwithstanding the increased interest in wild edible plants, little is known on how some domestic thermal processes can affect their content. The aim of this study was to investigate the amounts of minerals, B1 and B2 vitamins, tocols, and carotenoids in raw, boiled, and steamed wild edible plants, namely, Sonchus asper (L.) Hill s.l., Sonchus oleraceus L., Cichorium intybus L., and Beta vulgaris L. var cicla. All vegetables were confirmed as high sources of lutein (from 6 to 9 mg/100 g) and β-carotene (from 2 to 5 mg/100 g). Quite high amounts of violaxanthin and neoxanthin were found. Alfa-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol were the main tocols, with same contents in raw and processed vegetables (about 2.5 mg/100 g). The most abundant macro element and trace element were, respectively, potassium and iron. B1 and B2 vitamins were found in low amounts in almost all plants, with the exception of thiamine in Beta vulgaris (about 1.6 mg/100 g). Boiling led to a significant loss of minerals (up to 60%) and B-group vitamins (up to 100%), while, among carotenoids, it only affected violaxanthin levels (up to 90%). Steamed vegetables showed only a slight reduction, about 20%, in β-carotene and lutein, with a marked decrease in violaxanthin and neoxanthin. One hundred grams of all fresh and cooked plants can be claimed as a source of vitamin A and E.
Environmentally Friendly Approach to Pectin Extraction from Grapefruit Peel: Microwave-Assisted High-Pressure CO2/H2O
Authors: Öztürk Tuğba , Özbek Hatice Neval , Koçak Yanık Derya
Published: February 2024

In this research, pectin extraction from grapefruit peel (GPP) was performed using a microwave-assisted high-pressure CO2/H2O (MW-HPCO2) system. The Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology was applied for the optimization of MW-HPCO2 extraction conditions to obtain the highest pectin yield. The effects of temperature, time, and liquid/solid ratio on pectin yield were examined in the range of 100–150 °C, 5–15 min, and 10–20 mL g−1, respectively. Under the optimum extraction conditions (147 °C, 3 min, and 10 mL g−1), pectin was obtained with a yield of 27.53%. The results obtained showed that the extraction temperature and time had a strong effect on the pectin yield, while the effect of the liquid/solid ratio was not significant, and the pectin was effectively extracted from grapefruit peel (GP) using MW-HPCO2. Additionally, the application of GPP in apricot jam showed that MW-HPCO2-GPP can be used as a thickener in the food industry. The yield and physicochemical properties (ash, protein, galacturonic acid, reducing sugar and methoxyl content, degree of esterification, equivalent weight, color, viscosity) of pectin extracted in the optimum conditions of the MW-HPCO2 method were superior to pectin extracted by the traditional method. The results of this study revealed that MW-HPCO2 could be an innovative green and rapid technique for pectin extraction.
Development of Multiple Crosslinked Polymers and Its Application in Synthetic-Based Drilling Fluids
Authors: Yang Jun , Dong Tengfei , Yi Jingtian , Jiang Guancheng
Published: February 2024

This study addresses the performance challenges of Synthetic-Based Drilling Fluids (SBDF) in deep wells and high-temperature environments by engineering a novel multiple hydrogen-bonded crosslinked polymer, MBAH/nano-SiO2. Synthesized using methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl methacrylate (BMA), acrylic acid (AA), N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA), and nano-silica (nano-SiO2), the polymer improved crosslinking density, thermal properties, particle size distribution, and colloidal stability. The development of a ‘weak gel’ structure in W/O emulsions improved rheology and electrical stability (ES), with ES values reaching up to 775 V after aging at 180 °C. Moreover, the polymer’s amphiphilic structure and the synergistic effect of nano-SiO2 increased emulsion film thickness and strength, further augmenting stability. The high-temperature and high-pressure filtration loss of SBDF was considerably reduced to 7.6 mL, benefiting well wall stability and reservoir damage control. This study provides crucial insights into optimizing multiple hydrogen-bonded crosslinked strategies and polymers in SBDF applications.
A Modified Rational Method Approach for Calculating First Flush Design Flow Rates to Mitigate Nonpoint Source Pollution from Stormwater Runoff
Authors: Froehlich David C.
Published: February 2024

Mitigating nonpoint source pollution from stormwater runoff demands effective strategies for treating the first flush depth. Whether through off-stream storage or pass-through treatment devices, designing diversion structures and filtering materials is critical. This study proposes a streamlined procedure for determining first flush design flow rates, employing the modified rational method and rainfall intensity–duration equations applicable to any U.S. location. The dimensionless solution, which is presented as an equation requiring an iterative calculation for the desired flow rates, is complemented by precision graphs. Examples from the semi-arid Southwestern United States illustrate the methodology’s utility.
Mindware: Critical Thinking in Everyday Life
Authors: Eigenauer John
Published: February 2024

Humans make many decisions in everyday life, some of which require careful use of evidence. Because emotional and heuristic mental processes dominate human cognition, it is common to suggest that there is little hope that critical thinking tools will be widely used. However, the concept of “mindware” gives hope to the idea that critical thinking skills may be more widely deployed than they currently are. This article reflects on some impediments to critical thinking, assesses some future challenges to critical thinking being more widely used, and suggests that “mindware” modules can be used widely both in and out of educational settings to significantly enhance critical thinking in everyday life.
A Multi-Input Convolutional Neural Network Model for Electric Motor Mechanical Fault Classification Using Multiple Image Transformation and Merging Methods
Authors: Bae Insu , Lee Suan
Published: February 2024

This paper addresses the critical issue of fault detection and prediction in electric motor machinery, a prevalent challenge in industrial applications. Faults in these machines, stemming from mechanical or electrical issues, often lead to performance degradation or malfunctions, manifesting as abnormal signals in vibrations or currents. Our research focuses on enhancing the accuracy of fault classification in electric motor facilities, employing innovative image transformation methods—recurrence plots (RPs), the Gramian angular summation field (GASF), and the Gramian angular difference field (GADF)—in conjunction with a multi-input convolutional neural network (CNN) model. We conducted comprehensive experiments using datasets encompassing four types of machinery components: bearings, belts, shafts, and rotors. The results reveal that our multi-input CNN model exhibits exceptional performance in fault classification across all machinery types, significantly outperforming traditional single-input models. This study not only demonstrates the efficacy of advanced image transformation techniques in fault detection but also underscores the potential of multi-input CNN models in industrial fault diagnosis, paving the way for more reliable and efficient monitoring of electric motor machinery.
Fractional-Differential Models of the Time Series Evolution of Socio-Dynamic Processes with Possible Self-Organization and Memory
Authors: Zhukov Dmitry , Otradnov Konstantin , Kalinin Vladimir
Published: February 2024

This article describes the solution of two problems. First, based on the fractional diffusion equation, a boundary problem with arbitrary values of derivative indicators was formulated and solved, describing more general cases than existing solutions. Secondly, from the consideration of the probability schemes of transitions between states of the process, which can be observed in complex systems, a fractional-differential equation of the telegraph type with multiples is obtained (in time: β, 2β, 3β, … and state: α, 2α, 3α, …) using orders of fractional derivatives and its analytical solution for one particular boundary problem is considered. In solving edge problems, the Fourier method was used. This makes it possible to represent the solution in the form of a nested time series (one in time t, the second in state x), each of which is a function of the Mittag-Leffler type. The eigenvalues of the Mittag-Leffler function for describing states can be found using boundary conditions and the Fourier coefficient based on the initial condition and orthogonality conditions of the eigenfunctions. An analysis of the characteristics of time series of changes in the emotional color of users’ comments on published news in online mass media and the electoral campaigns of the US presidential elections showed that for the mathematical expectation of amplitudes of deviations of series levels from the size of the amplitude calculation interval (“sliding window”), a root dependence of fractional degree was observed; for dispersion, a power law with a fractional index greater than 1.5 was observed; and the behavior of the excess showed the presence of so-called “heavy tails”. The obtained results indicate that time series have unsteady non-locality, both in time and state. This provides the rationale for using differential equations with partial fractional derivatives to describe time series dynamics.
CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of the HuR Gene in U251 Cell Inhibits Japanese Encephalitis Virus Replication
Authors: Luo Sai-Qi , Cao San-Jie , Zhao Qin
Published: February 2024

Human antigen R (HuR) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the post-transcriptional reaction of its target mRNAs. HuR is a critical factor in cancer development and has been identified as a potential target in many cancer models. It participates in the viral life cycle by binding to viral RNAs. In prior work, we used CRISPR/Cas9 screening to identify HuR as a prospective host factor facilitating Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection. The HuR gene was successfully knocked out in U251 cell lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system, with no significant difference in cell growth between U251-WT and U251-HuR-KO2 cells. Here, we experimentally demonstrate for the first time that the knockout of the HuR gene inhibits the replication ability of JEV in U251 cell lines. These results play an essential role in regulating the replication level of JEV and providing new insights into virus–host interactions and potential antiviral strategies. It also offers a platform for investigating the function of HuR in the life cycle of flaviviruses.
Screening for Viruses in Indigenous Greek Black Pigs
Authors: Jhelum Hina , Papatsiros Vasileios , Papakonstantinou Georgios , Krabben Ludwig , Kaufer Benedikt , Denner Joachim
Published: February 2024

The successful advancement of xenotransplantation has led to the development of highly sensitive detection systems for the screening of potentially zoonotic viruses in donor pigs and preventing their transmission to the recipient. To validate these methods, genetically modified pigs generated for xenotransplantation, numerous minipigs and other pig breeds have been tested, thereby increasing our knowledge concerning the pig virome and the distribution of pig viruses. Of particular importance are the porcine cytomegalovirus, a porcine roseolovirus (PCMV/PRV) and the hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV3). PCMV/PRV has been shown to reduce the survival time of pig transplants in non-human primates and was also transmitted in the first pig heart transplantation to a human patient. The main aim of this study was to determine the sensitivities of our methods to detect PCMV/PRV, HEV3, porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus-1 (PLHV-1), PLHV-2, PLHV-3, porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), PCV3, PCV4 and porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) and to apply the methods to screen indigenous Greek black pigs. The high number of viruses found in these animals allowed for the evaluation of numerous detection methods. Since porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) type A and B are integrated in the genome of all pigs, but PERV-C is not, the animals were screened for PERV-C and PERV-A/C. Our detection methods were sensitive and detected PCMV/PRV, PLHV-1, PLHV-1, PLHV-3, PVC3 and PERV-C in most animals. PPV1, HEV3, PCV4 and PERV-A/C were not detected. These data are of great interest since the animals are healthy and resistant to diseases.
Adsorption Properties and Wettability of Ethoxy- and Propoxy- Derivatives of 2-Ethylhexanol as Sterically Specific Surfactant Structures
Authors: Hreczuch Wiesław , Konopczyńska Beata , Stasiak Marcin , Andrzejewski Adam , Prochaska Krystyna
Published: February 2024

2-ethylhexanol, an oxo alcohol competitively priced on the global market, has not been explored intensively as a raw material for surfactants, due to its weak hydrophobic character. However, its sequenced propoxylation and ethoxylation yield an innovative amphiphilic structure, which exhibits unique interfacial activity. The paper presents the differences in the fractional composition of innovative surfactants derived from 2-EH alcohol prepared using alkali and dimetalcyanide catalysts, as well as examples of excellent adsorption and interfacial properties of the latter. The adsorption behavior of the synthesized compounds was explored using equilibrium surface tension (the du Noüy ring method), dynamic surface tension (the maximum gas bubble pressure method) and static/dynamic contact angle (the sessile drop method). The results from the adsorption tests conducted at the air/aqueous surfactant solution interface underwent comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analyses. Moreover, based on the experimentally obtained dynamic surface tension isotherms and the developed algorithm, the diffusion coefficients for these preparations were estimated, and it was shown that the diffusivity of these surfactants is higher compared to the commercial formulations. The study’s outcomes in the testing of wettability indicate that new synthesized nonionic and anionic surfactants constitute an interesting group of amphiphiles with a wide application potential as effective wetting agents, especially in relation to the polymer surface. It should therefore be emphasized that the innovative surfactants described in this article, derived from 2-EH alcohol and prepared using dimetalcyanide catalysts, can successfully compete with conventional preparations such as ABS (Dodecylbenzenesulfonic Acid) or AES (Alcohol Ethoxysulphate) acid salts.
Development of Biological Coating from Novel Halophilic Exopolysaccharide Exerting Shelf-Life-Prolonging and Biocontrol Actions for Post-Harvest Applications
Authors: Upadhyaya Chandni , Patel Hiren , Patel Ishita , Ahir Parth , Upadhyaya Trushit
Published: February 2024

The literature presents the preserving effect of biological coatings developed from various microbial sources. However, the presented work exhibits its uniqueness in the utilization of halophilic exopolysaccharides as food coating material. Moreover, such extremophilic exopolysaccharides are more stable and economical production is possible. Consequently, the aim of the presented research was to develop a coating material from marine exopolysaccharide (EPS). The significant EPS producers having antagonistic attributes against selected phytopathogens were screened from different marine water and soil samples. TSIS01 isolate revealed the maximum antagonism well and EPS production was selected further and characterized as Bacillus tequilensis MS01 by 16S rRNA analysis. EPS production was optimized and deproteinized EPS was assessed for biophysical properties. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis revealed that EPS was a heteropolymer of glucose, galactose, mannose, and glucuronic acid. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and UV-visible spectra validated the presence of determined sugars. It showed high stability at a wide range of temperatures, pH and incubation time, ≈1.63 × 106 Da molecular weight, intermediate solubility index (48.2 ± 3.12%), low water holding capacity (12.4 ± 1.93%), and pseudoplastic rheologic shear-thinning comparable to xanthan gum. It revealed antimicrobial potential against human pathogens and antioxidants as well as anti-inflammatory potential. The biocontrol assay of EPS against phytopathogens revealed the highest activity against Alternaria solani. The EPS-coated and control tomato fruits were treated with A. solani suspension to check the % disease incidence, which revealed a significant (p < 0.001) decline compared to uncoated controls. Moreover, it revealed shelf-life prolonging action on tomatoes comparable to xanthan gum and higher than chitosan. Consequently, the presented marine EPS was elucidated as a potent coating material to mitigate post-harvest losses.
Solvent- and Catalyst-Free Synthesis of gem-Difluorinated and Polyfluoroarylated Compounds with Nucleophilic or Electrophilic Fluorine-Containing Reaction Partners, Respectively
Authors: Li Lingheng , Li Jinshan
Published: February 2024

A novel, efficient and environmentally friendly solvent-free and catalyst-free approach for the synthesis of structurally diverse gem-difluorinated and polyfluoroarylated derivatives with readily available nucleophilic and electrophilic fluorine-containing reaction partners, difluoroenoxysilane and pentafluorobenzaldehyde, is described. This neat protocol is induced by the direct hydrogen-bond interactions between fluorinated and non-fluorinated reactants without the use of heavy metal catalysts or volatile organic solvents and with no need for column chromatographic separation for most cases.
Unveiling the Chemical Composition of Sulfur-Fumigated Herbs: A Triple Synthesis Approach Using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS—A Case Study on Steroidal Saponins in Ophiopogonis Radix
Authors: Li Yanan , Dong Pingping , Shang Zhanpeng , Dai Long , Wang Shaoping , Zhang Jiayu
Published: February 2024

Ophiopogonis Radix (OR) is a traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, in order to achieve the purpose of drying, bleaching, sterilizing and being antiseptic, improving appearance, and easy storage, people often use sulfur fumigation for its processing. However, changes in the chemical composition of medicinal herbs caused by sulfur fumigation can lead to the transformation and loss of potent substances. Therefore, the development of methods to rapidly reveal the chemical transformation of medicinal herbs induced by sulfur fumigation can guarantee the safe clinical use of medicines. In this study, a combined full scan-parent ions list-dynamic exclusion acquisition-diagnostic product ions analysis strategy based on UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS was proposed for the analysis of steroidal saponins and their transformed components in sulfur-fumigated Ophiopogonis Radix (SF-OR). Based on precise mass measurements, chromatographic behavior, neutral loss ions, and diagnostic product ions, 286 constituents were screened and identified from SF-OR, including 191 steroidal saponins and 95 sulfur-containing derivatives (sulfates or sulfites). The results indicated that the established strategy was a valuable and effective analytical tool for comprehensively characterizing the material basis of SF-OR, and also provided a basis for potential chemical changes in other sulfur-fumigated herbs.
Pharmacy Students’ Perspectives on Human Resource Management: An Examination of Knowledge and Attitudes
Authors: Adunlin Georges , Broeseker Amy E. , Thigpen Jonathan L. , Sheaffer Elizabeth A. , Calhoun Marc
Published: February 2024

(1) Background: This study aims to examine pharmacy students’ perceptions of their knowledge and competencies in human resource management (HRM) while also investigating their attitudes toward the educational content provided in a didactic HRM course. (2) Methods: A survey evaluating both course knowledge (pre and post) and attitudes was administered to students enrolled in an HRM class. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and measures of associations. (3) Results: All 98 course enrollees completed the survey (N = 98), revealing statistically significant knowledge growth across HRM topics from pre- to post-survey (p < 0.05). Notably, emotional intelligence, workforce diversity, conflict resolution, and recruitment strategies exhibited the most substantial increases. The expert panel session proved highly effective, with 71% reporting it as the most knowledge-enhancing activity. “Global and cultural effectiveness” emerged as the most valued competency, reflecting a positive overall attitude towards HRM. (4) Conclusions: HRM competency is one of the most fundamental skills for pharmacists, as many problems faced by pharmacy organizations and their solutions stem from the workforce. Pharmacy schools should therefore assess their curriculum to ensure that HRM is adequately addressed to meet accreditation standards and to prepare students to navigate HRM challenges in their workplaces post-graduation.
Review of the Potential of Probiotics in Disease Treatment: Mechanisms, Engineering, and Applications
Authors: Liu Mingkang , Chen Jinjin , Dharmasiddhi Ida Putu Wiweka , Chen Shiyi , Liu Yilan , Liu Hongmei
Published: February 2024

Probiotics, living microorganisms with demonstrated health benefits when administered in sufficient quantities, have a rich history as dietary supplements to benefit human health. Recently, understanding of their mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract has prompted exploration of probiotics in treating human diseases. However, the effective and precise delivery of probiotics remains a significant challenge in therapeutic applications. Here, we review the mechanisms of action of probiotics in human health and the most advanced strategies for efficient probiotic delivery. We also discuss the potential applications of engineered probiotics in disease treatment. This review contributes insights into the evolving landscape of probiotic research for therapeutic applications.
Protestantism among the Hmong People in the Mountainous Region of Contemporary Northern Vietnam
Authors: Duc Nguyen Khac
Published: February 2024

Since the 1980s, there has been a considerable change in the religious life of the Hmong ethnic communities from the mountainous provinces of northern Vietnam—specifically, their conversion to Protestantism. Protestantism was introduced into the communities under a modified model known as Vàng Trứ/Vàng Chứ through the endeavors of the Far East Broadcasting Company. From 1993 to 2004, the number of Protestant followers among these communities increased sharply. Today, the mountainous northern area of Vietnam is home to 300,000 Hmong Protestants of various denominations. This study, based on textual analysis, participant observations, in-depth interviews, and field trips, seeks to explore the Hmong conversion to Protestantism. The focus is on issues relating to the growth of Protestantism and Protestant influence on the Hmong people from 1987 (widely understood to be the beginning of Protestantism in the Hmong community) to the present day.
Parametric Metamodeling Based on Optimal Transport Applied to Uncertainty Evaluation
Authors: Torregrosa Sergio , Muñoz David , Herbert Vincent , Chinesta Francisco
Published: February 2024

When training a parametric surrogate to represent a real-world complex system in real time, there is a common assumption that the values of the parameters defining the system are known with absolute confidence. Consequently, during the training process, our focus is directed exclusively towards optimizing the accuracy of the surrogate’s output. However, real physics is characterized by increased complexity and unpredictability. Notably, a certain degree of uncertainty may exist in determining the system’s parameters. Therefore, in this paper, we account for the propagation of these uncertainties through the surrogate using a standard Monte Carlo methodology. Subsequently, we propose a novel regression technique based on optimal transport to infer the impact of the uncertainty of the surrogate’s input on its output precision in real time. The OT-based regression allows for the inference of fields emulating physical reality more accurately than classical regression techniques, including advanced ones.
Neurotoxicity of Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizers in Teleost Fishes: A Review
Authors: Li Mengli , Ivantsova Emma , Liang Xuefang , Martyniuk Christopher J.
Published: February 2024

Plastic additives that maintain integrity have been extensively studied for potential toxicity to fish; however, chemicals that protect polymers from (artificial) UV degradation are less studied. Benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BUVSs) are the most widely used UV stabilizers in plastics and are often used in sunscreens, cosmetics, paint, and food packaging. BUVSs can negatively affect aquatic wildlife when released into the environment via plastic degradation. In this review, we summarize the distribution of BUVSs globally and discuss neurotoxicological endpoints measured in fish to understand how these plastic additives can affect the neurological health of teleost fishes. BUVSs have been detected in aquatic environments at concentrations ranging from 0.05 up to 99,200 ng/L. Studies show that BUVSs affect behavioral responses and acetylcholinesterase activity, indicators of neurotoxicity. Our computational analysis using transcriptome data suggests certain pathways associated with neurodegeneration are responsive to exposure to BUVSs, like “Complement Activation in Alzheimer’s Disease”. Based on our review, we identify some research needs for future investigations: (1) molecular studies in the central nervous system to define precise mechanisms of neurotoxicity; (2) a wider range of tests for assessing aberrant behaviors given that BUVSs can affect the activity of larval zebrafish; and (3) histopathology of the nervous system to accompany biochemical analyses. These data are expected to enhance understanding of the neurotoxicity potential of benzotriazoles and other plastic additives.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS MEDIA VIDEO ANIMASI TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG PROTEIN HEWAN UNTUK MENCEGAH BALITA STUNTING
Authors: Ningrum Dedah , Setiadi Diding Kelana , Sejati Amanda Puspanditaning , Fauziyah Roro Nur
Published: February 2024

Stunting cases in Girimukti village, North Sumedang sub-district, were 75 stunted toddlers (16.74%). Stunting in toddlers can be caused by the mother of toddlers having inadequate knowledge about feeding toddlers. One indirect factor that influences the incidence of stunting in children under five is the nutritional knowledge of mothers of toddlers.The study aimed to determine the effect of animated video media-based education on mothers' knowledge about food sources of animal protein to prevent stunting in toddlers. This study used a pre-experimental design and one group pre-test and post-test design. The research was conducted in July 2023, in Girimukti Village. The total sample was 46 mothers under five, consisting of 22 mothers with children under five with normal nutritional status and 24 mothers with children under five with stunting who lived in Girimukti Village. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used a knowledge questionnaire tested for validity and reliability and educational media in the form of animated videos and power points. The bivariate analysis used the Wilcoxon test. The result showed an increase in the average knowledge of mothers after being exposed to education using video-animated media; the average value of mother's knowledge during the pre-test was 70.24, and post-test was 79.04. The Wilcoxon signed rank test result is p-value<0.001 (p ≤ 0.05). The study concluded that there was an effect of video media-based education on increasing mother's knowledge about food sources of animal protein to prevent stunting in toddlers. Video-based media can be considered for use by health workers in nutrition education activities.
The power of metaoperational linguistics: a reappraisal of english grammar
Authors: Chouit Drissia , Nfissi Abdelhamid
Published: February 2024

This feature article presents a new approach to the teaching of grammar in universities, based on Metaoperational Linguistics. Tackling one of the most important chapters of English grammar, the teaching of tenses, it aims to show (1) the importance of teaching grammar in context; (2) the importance of investing linguistic research in this pedagogical process; and most importantly, (3) the prerogative of understanding how a language works in order to master it. In other words, when students know how language works, they learn it easily and effectively, and they master the use of grammatical forms in context. In fact, it is the teaching pedagogy which is at stake here: a pedagogy that addresses students’ intelligence and cognitive capacities in order to motivate them and help them become autonomous learners and skilled communicators.
Desenvolvimento de um dispositivo para aprendizagem do sistema Braille
Authors: Marques Filho Luiz Antonio , Chaves George João de Almeida , De Oliveira Pedro Henrique Alves
Published: February 2024

Este trabalho teve como finalidade desenvolver um objeto de aprendizagem para a inclusão de deficientes visuais na educação. A inclusão de um deficiente visual na educação deve ir além da inserção desse aluno na sala da aula. Com a evolução dos meios de comunicação e utilização de novas tecnologias, as maiores dificuldades enfrentadas por eles são a utilização e a adaptação às novas tecnologias. No trabalho, foi desenvolvido um dispositivo com a finalidade de criar uma interface com o computador. Os principais objetivos foram utilizar a tecnologia para promover a inclusão digital e transformação social. Foram utilizados no desenvolvimento da interface, solenoides para a construção células Braille, teclas push-button para a entrada de dados e um microcontrolador Arduino Mega 2560 como unidade de controle. Os resultados obtidos nos testes iniciais mostraram que é viável a utilização dessa tecnologia para a inclusão digital a e transformação social dos portadores de deficiência visual.
O atendimento médico de pacientes surdas: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Leal Ana Clara , Braga Barbara Antunes , Gomes Isabela Samara , Borges Jéssica Antonieta Reis , Rodrigues Rogério Pacheco
Published: February 2024

A Lei Federal nº 10.436/2002 reconhece a Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras) como a primeira língua dos surdos e estabelece que eles têm direito a serem atendidos por profissionais capacitados em Libras. Estudos revelam que os surdos enfrentam dificuldades no atendimento médico, como medo, desconfiança e frustração, devido à falta de preparo dos profissionais de saúde para cuidar de pacientes surdos. A falta de conhecimento e habilidades em Libras por parte dos médicos compromete a qualidade do atendimento. Dessa forma, o objetivo da pesquisa é realizar uma revisão integrativa de literatura sobre a relação entre médicos e pacientes surdas do sexo feminino. A revisão integrativa de literatura de abordagem qualitativa, foi realizada nos bancos de dados, da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e Portal de Periódico da CAPES. Foram analisados seis artigos. Os resultados evidenciaram que a principal barreiras na assistência médica durante o ciclo gravídico-puerperal de mulheres surdas, é a falta de acessibilidade e comunicação. Este estudo ressalta a urgência de transformar a forma como os profissionais de saúde interagem com pacientes surdos. A comunicação eficaz, o respeito aos direitos e a compreensão das barreiras enfrentadas por essa comunidade são fundamentais para garantir um atendimento inclusivo e de alta qualidade.
Metahemoglobinemia em paciente com Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico, induzida por hanseníase
Authors: Dos Santos Railson Rodrigues
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: Relatar o caso de uma paciente portadora de Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico que adquiriu hanseníase e evoluiu com Metahemoglobinemia. Detalhamento do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 26 anos de idade, portadora de Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico, adquiriu hanseníase, fazendo uso de esquema padrão medicações como Rifampicina, Clofazimina e Dapsona. Após 3 meses de tratamento, a paciente evoluiu com febre vespertina, tosse, astenia e dispneia por cerca de 3 semanas até a internação hospitalar, durante a internação várias hipóteses diagnósticas foram levantadas como tuberculose, COVID-19, entre outras. Mas, somente após reavaliações do caso e das gasometrias arteriais, foi constatado a presença de Metahemoglobinemia associada ao uso de Dapsona, com a suspensão dessa droga, houve melhora clínica da paciente.  Considerações Finais: A coexistência de hanseníase em paciente Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico que evolui com Metahemoglobinemia é um achado raro e pode representar um dilema diagnóstico, tendo em vista as várias possibilidades de diagnóstico para dispneia. Dessa forma, é preciso uma constante avaliação do caso clínico, exames e raciocínio, a fim de elucidar o caso.
Dependência de smartphone e consequências psíquicas em jovens: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Tavares Bianca Rodrigues , Ribeiro Samuel Melo , De Oliveira Fernanda , Gonçalves Lucas Tadeu Washington , Lopes Mauro Marques , Silva Mariana de Sousa Vilela , Ribeiro Bruno Melo , Khoury Júlia Machado
Published: February 2024

Introdução: A praticidade cotidiana oferecida pelos aparelhos celulares, além de outros fatores contribuíram para que o Brasil fosse um dos maiores mercados consumidores de smartphones do mundo, mas o uso descontrolado a longo prazo tem se mostrado potencialmente nocivo à saúde mental dos usuários. Objetivo: Discutir a dependência de smartphones entre os jovens nos dias atuais e as suas possíveis consequências. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, avaliando artigos selecionados por critério de inclusão e exclusão, a partir de uma busca nas bases de dados: Scielo, Pubmed e Google Scholar. Foram identificados 30 artigos dos quais 14 foram selecionados para o estudo. Discussão: O uso constante dos smartphones pode ser considerado prejudicial quando se torna uma dependência, causando assim, transtornos e sintomas psiquiátricos como o Transtorno do Pânico, distúrbios do sono, transtornos de ansiedade e transtornos depressivos. Somado a isso, a “nomofobia” é considerado um sintoma associado à dependência digital e por conseguinte ao uso excessivo de smartphones. Conclusão: O uso destes aparelhos, de forma adequada, pode trazer benefícios sociais, profissionais e acadêmicos. No entanto, o uso indiscriminado e abusivo destes aparelhos, pode causar problemas nas relações sociais, além de sinais e sintomas psiquiátricos e síndrome de dependência comportamental.
Implicações da farmacoterapia de anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais em pacientes com doença renal crônica: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Da Silva Caroline Wanzeler , Melo Joyce Freitas , Galego Lorena Nascimento , Da Silva Joseane Rodrigues , Queiroz Auriekson Noronha
Published: February 2024

Os anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais estão entre os medicamentos mais utilizados sem prescrição médica, assim como, são escolhas clínicas para o controle da dor em pacientes com dor inflamatória, dor aguda (por exemplo, dor de cabeça, dor pós-operatória e fraturas ortopédicas) ou dor crônica. Aumentos no surgimento de problemas renais podem estar relacionados ao uso excessivo desses medicamentos em longo prazo e que pacientes em idade avançada e polimedicados contribuem com o agravamento de doenças renais. Dessa forma objetivou-se investigar as implicações da farmacoterapia com anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais em pacientes com doença renal crônica. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura. O levantamento resultou em 181 trabalhos sendo 16 selecionados, e demonstraram que os anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais podem afetar a função renal com danos variáveis conforme condições clínicas dos pacientes, como idade, presença de comorbidades e características farmacoterapêuticas como dose, tempo de tratamento e interações medicamentosas. O acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico, avaliações clínicas e monitoramento da função renal são recomendações importantes em pacientes com desordens renais devido ao agravamento e progressão da doença renal crônica para estágios mais avançados. Por fim, os estudos recomendam cautelas e restrições quanto ao uso de anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais por períodos superior a seis meses, em pacientes idosos, com comorbidades e alterações renais, sugerindo avaliação contínua da função renal, independentemente dos fatores de risco associados. A intervenção farmacêutica é importante na educação dos pacientes, análise de prescrições e interações medicamentosas favorecendo o uso racional de anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais em pacientes com doença renal crônica.
O impacto do canabidiol nos distúrbios neuromotores: relato de caso e revisão da literatura
Authors: Da Silva Melissa Rodrigues , E Silva Clarissa de Lima Oliveira , Walker Raissa Soares , Ferreira Daniel de Carvalho
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: O atual estudo objetiva relatar e discutir os benefícios do uso de canabinoídes em paciente do sexo masculino com sequelas neuromotoras decorrente de processo hipoxêmico prolongado. Método: Fez-se um compilado de dados presentes em prontuários médicos, exames complementares e do acompanhamento médico do paciente em regime de Home Care, bem como complementação teórica mediante revisão narrativa da literatura, por meio de busca ativa de publicações, entre 2018 e 2023, nas bases de dados eletrônicas Scielo e PubMed, utilizando os descritores “Canabidiol”, “Adaptação Psicológica”, “Qualidade de Vida” e “Neuropatia”, incluídos, por fim, 22 artigos. Resultados: No caso descrito, observou-se uma diminuição do limiar de dor, maior grau de interação social e melhora da espasticidade, do apetite e do padrão de sono, contribuindo para a desprescrição de medicações de uso contínuo e, consequentemente, na redução de eventos adversos farmacológicos. Conclusões: Reforça-se a importância da busca por terapias adjuvantes com o melhor custo benefício e menor efeitos deletério para o tratamento da sintomatologia crônica dos distúrbios neuromotores. Assim, o uso dos derivados da cannabis, com destaque para o canabidiol, pode ter papel de contribuição para a melhora da qualidade de vida de pacientes com sequelas neuromotoras.
Depressão pós-parto em adolescentes brasileiras: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Garcia Ana Luiza Leite , De Almeida Caroline Lourenço , Da Silva Rosângela Gonçalves , Caldeirão Talita Domingues , Haddad Patrícia Coelho Mendes de Britto , Da Silva Daniel Augusto
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: Ressaltar a importância do diagnóstico e tratamento adequado em adolescentes com depressão pós-parto. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), IBECS (Índice Bibliográfico Espanhol de Ciências da Saúde), Medline (Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde) e BDENF (Base de Dados de Enfermagem), realizada entre abril e junho de 2023. Foram utilizados os descritores “Depressão pós-parto”; “Adolescentes”. Resultados: A tabulação das literaturas apresenta como meios para diagnóstico a atenção ao fator emocional e psicológico no pré-natal, o entendimento dos fatores de agravo, como questões sociais e econômicas, presentes na vida da gestante e como meio de tratamentos foi encontrado o acompanhamento psicoterapêutico, utilização de medicamentos, a autoaceitação e suporte familiar. Entretanto a aplicação dos tratamentos e suas evoluções, assim como o fator de idade precoce, não são apresentados de forma esclarecida e bem desenvolvidas nos estudos selecionados. Considerações finais: No estudo presente foi apontado que até o momento houve limitação para encontrar desenvolvimento no cenário de tratamentos e atuações dos profissionais de saúde sobre o tema abordado de forma atualizada e científica. Pode-se observar uma prevalência em entender o diagnóstico da depressão pós-parto onde foi utilizado métodos como acompanhamento emocional e psicológico da gestante desde as primeiras consultas de pré-natal.