bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parp‐1 genetic ablation in Ela–myc mice unveils novel roles for Parp‐1 in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Martínez‐Bosch Neus , Iglesias Mar , Munné‐Collado Jessica , Martínez‐Cáceres Carlos , Moreno Mireia , Guerra Carmen , Yélamos Jose , Navarro Pilar
Published: June 2014

Pancreatic cancer has a dismal prognosis and is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer‐related death in developed countries. The inhibition of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (Parp‐1), the major protein responsible for poly(ADP‐ribosy)lation in response to DNA damage, has emerged as a promising treatment for several tumour types. Here we aimed to elucidate the involvement of Parp‐1 in pancreatic tumour progression. We assessed Parp‐1 protein expression in normal, preneoplastic and pancreatic tumour samples from humans and from K‐Ras‐ and c‐myc‐driven mouse models of pancreatic cancer. Parp‐1 was highly expressed in acinar cells in normal and cancer tissues. In contrast, ductal cells expressed very low or undetectable levels of this protein, both in a normal and in a tumour context. The Parp‐1 expression pattern was similar in human and mouse samples, thereby validating the use of animal models for further studies. To determine the in vivo effects of Parp‐1 depletion on pancreatic cancer progression, Ela–myc‐driven pancreatic tumour development was analysed in a Parp‐1 knock‐out background. Loss of Parp‐1 resulted in increased tumour necrosis and decreased proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Interestingly, Ela–myc:Parp‐1−/− mice displayed fewer ductal tumours than their Ela–myc:Parp‐1+/+ counterparts, suggesting that Parp‐1 participates in promoting acinar‐to‐ductal metaplasia, a key event in pancreatic cancer initiation. Moreover, impaired macrophage recruitment can be responsible for the ADM blockade found in the Ela–myc:Parp‐1−/− mice. Finally, molecular analysis revealed that Parp‐1 modulates ADM downstream of the Stat3–MMP7 axis and is also involved in transcriptional up‐regulation of the MDM2, VEGFR1 and MMP28 cancer‐related genes. In conclusion, the expression pattern of Parp‐1 in normal and cancer tissue and the in vivo functional effects of Parp‐1 depletion point to a novel role for this protein in pancreatic carcinogenesis and shed light into the clinical use of Parp‐1 inhibitors. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Protein expression changes during cotton fiber elongation in response to drought stress and recovery
Authors: Zheng Mi , Meng Yali , Yang Changqin , Zhou Zhiguo , Wang Youhua , Chen Binglin
Published: June 2014

An investigation to better understand the molecular mechanism of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber elongation in response to drought stress and recovery was conducted using a comparative proteomics analysis. Cotton plants (cv. NuCOTN 33B) were subjected to water deprivation for 10 days followed by a recovery period (with watering) of 5 days. The temporal changes in total proteins in cotton fibers were examined using 2DE. The results revealed that 163 proteins are significantly drought responsive. MS analysis led to the identification of 132 differentially expressed proteins that include some known as well as some novel drought‐responsive proteins. These drought responsive fiber proteins in NuCOTN 33B are associated with a variety of cellular functions, i.e. signal transduction, protein processing, redox homeostasis, cell wall modification, metabolisms of carbon, energy, lipid, lignin, and flavonoid. The results suggest that the enhancement of the perception of drought stress, a new balance of the metabolism of the biosynthesis of cell wall components and cytoskeleton homeostasis plays an important role in the response of cotton fibers to drought stress. Overall, the current study provides an overview of the molecular mechanism of drought response in cotton fiber cells.
A New Computer Code for Prediction of Enthalpy of Fusion and Melting Point of Energetic Materials
Authors: Keshavarz Mohammad Hossein
Published: June 2014

The prediction of phase change properties of energetic materials is important for the assessment of hazardous energetic materials. A novel user‐friendly computer code, written in Visual Basic, is introduced to predict the melting point and the enthalpy of fusion of energetic materials by only using their molecular structure parameters. It can be used for different types of energetic compounds including polynitro arenes, polynitro heteroarenes, acyclic and cyclic nitramines, nitrate esters, and nitroaliphatic. The predicted results were compared with several of the best available methods, which confirmed the higher reliability of the new computer code for some new and well‐known energetic compounds with complex molecular structures. This code can be used for designing of energetic compounds with desirable phase change properties.
Exploring interlayer Dirac cone coupling in commensurately rotated few‐layer graphene on SiC(000‐1)
Authors: Mathieu Claire , Conrad Edward H. , Wang Feng , Rault Julien E. , Feyer Vitaliy , Schneider Claus M. , Renault Olivier , Barrett Nick
Published: June 2014

We investigate electronic band‐structure images in reciprocal space of few‐layer graphene epitaxially grown on SiC(000‐1). In addition to the observation of commensurate rotation angles of the graphene layers, the k‐space images recorded near the Fermi edge highlight structures originating from diffraction of the Dirac cones due to the relative rotation of adjacent layers. The 21.9° and 27° rotation angles between two sheets of graphene are responsible for a periodic pattern that can be described with a superlattice unit cells. The superlattice generates replicas of Dirac cones with smaller wave vectors, because of a Brillouin zone folding. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International Experiences for Student Affairs Educators: There Is a World of Professional Development Opportunities Out There
Authors: Schuh John H.
Published: June 2014

The chapter discusses learning that has resulted from selected international professional development experiences.
Risk Management for Study Abroad Programs: Issues and Resources to Inform Program Development, Administration, and Training
Authors: Rhodes Gary
Published: June 2014

This chapter provides a practical background to the health and safety risks and challenges for U.S. colleges and universities and other program providers. Potential risks, field‐based guidelines, good practices, and resources to support the management of risks by study abroad offices will be covered.
Reentry: Supporting Students in the Final Stage of Study Abroad
Authors: Young Gretchen E.
Published: June 2014

It is often more challenging for students to readjust to their home culture upon return from an international or cross‐cultural experience than it is for them to adjust to their new culture upon arrival in a foreign community. Many professionals argue that the readjustment process is actually the most important stage of the international experience. How can we as educational administrators help our students in the process of turning reverse culture shock into a positive learning experience?
Additional value of fetal magnetic resonance imaging in the prenatal diagnosis of central nervous system anomalies: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Rossi A. C. , Prefumo F.
Published: June 2014

Objectives

To analyze literature on the additional value of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing central nervous system (CNS) anomalies suspected by ultrasound.

Methods

A search was performed of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library and the reference lists of identified articles. Inclusion criteria were CNS anomalies suspected/diagnosed by ultrasound, MRI performed after ultrasound, and postmortem examination by autopsy or postnatal assessment. MOOSE guidelines were followed. Outcomes assessed were positive/negative agreement between ultrasound and MRI, additional information provided by MRI, and discordance between ultrasound and MRI. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of MRI were calculated using the DerSimonian–Laird method. Postnatal/postmortem examinations were used as the reference standard.

Results

We identified thirteen articles which included 710 fetuses undergoing both ultrasound and MRI. MRI confirmed ultrasound‐positive findings in 65.4% of fetuses and provided additional information in 22.1%. MRI disclosed CNS anomalies in 18.4% of fetuses. In 2.0% of cases, ultrasound was more accurate than MRI. In 30% of fetuses, MRI was so different from ultrasound that the clinical management changed. Agreement was observed mainly for ventriculomegaly (51.3%). Disagreement was noted mainly for midline anomalies (48.6%). Pooled sensitivity of MRI was 97% (95% CI, 95–98%) and pooled specificity was 70% (95% CI, 58–81%).

Conclusions

MRI supplements the information provided by ultrasound. It should be considered in selected fetuses with CNS anomalies suspected on ultrasound. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Oberflächenfunktionalisierung von Kunststoffoptik
Authors: Schulz Ulrike
Published: June 2014

Transparente Polymere werden zunehmend in vielen Bereichen der Optik eingesetzt. Ihre Oberflächen müssen unter anderem durch dünne Schichten entspiegelt und gehärtet werden. Für Glasoptiken etablierte Beschichtungsprozesse können dabei in den meisten Fällen nicht angewendet werden. Die komplexe organische Chemie der Polymeroberflächen und Vielfalt der Materialien bedingen besondere Technologien für die Beschichtung. Der erste Teil dieses Tutorials gibt zunächst einen Überblick über die am häufigsten verwendeten transparenten Kunststoffe und ihre beschichtungsrelevanten Eigenschaften.
Spectroscopy and microscopy of graphene on metals:
Authors: Dedkov Yuriy
Published: June 2014

Graphene is an intriguing object of condensed mater physics. Discovery of its fascinating transport properties renewed the interest to the studies of graphene on metallic surfaces. That leads to the technological breakthrough showing that graphene on metals can be used as a protective layer and that its synthesis on metals is the most promising way to prepare huge graphene layers. However, all technology‐related and fundamental studies of the graphene‐metal interfaces require the understanding of the bonding mechanism at the interface and the consequent modifications of the electronic structure of graphene compared to the free‐standing case. Here we consider two representative examples of the strongly and weakly bonded graphene on metals demonstrating how surface science methods help to understand the origin of the bonding at the graphene‐metal interface. These methods help to trace all modifications in the electronic structure of graphene on the microscopic and macroscopic levels.
Vacuum oxygen decarburization (VOD) of stainless steel
Authors: Teeuwsen Anke
Published: June 2014

High costs for vacuum generation and maintenance can be overcome by replacing steam ejector pumps with mechanical vacuum pumps, initially for the vacuum degassing (VD) process but later also for the vacuum oxygen decarburization (VOD) process. Initial concerns about the technical suitability of mechanical pumps for vacuum processing of large heat weights have proven unfounded. There is no real technical upper limit. With detailed knowledge about the vacuum process mechanical vacuum pumps can be successfully engineered for any heat weight where a steam ejector pump would previously have been selected. In fact, suction speed of mechanical vacuum pumps can be ideally controlled to fit the various phases of vacuum processing. This article will show how mechanical vacuum pumps contribute to significant cost reduction and to the possibility of automation of decarburisation, thereby achieving better process control.
Data privacy
Authors: Torra Vicenç , Navarro‐Arribas Guillermo
Published: June 2014

Data privacy studies methods, tools, and theory to avoid the disclosure of sensitive information. Its origin is in statistics with the goal to ensure the confidentiality of data gathered from census and questionnaires. The topic was latter introduced in computer science and more particularly in data mining, where due to the large amount of data currently available, has attracted the interest of researchers, practitioners, and companies. In this paper we will review the main topics related to data privacy and privacy‐enhancing technologies.

This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Association Rules

Application Areas > Data Mining Software Tools
Recent development of antifouling polymers: structure, evaluation, and biomedical applications in nano/micro‐structures
Authors: Liu Lingyun , Li Wenchen , Liu Qingsheng
Published: June 2014

Antifouling polymers have been proven to be vital to many biomedical applications such as medical implants, drug delivery, and biosensing. This review covers the major development of antifouling polymers in the last 2 decades, including the material chemistry, structural factors important to antifouling properties, and how to challenge or evaluate the antifouling performances. We then discuss the applications of antifouling polymers in nano/micro‐biomedical applications in the form of nanoparticles, thin coatings for medical devices (e.g., artificial joint, catheter, wound dressing), and nano/microscale fibers.WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol2014, 6:599–614. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1278

This article is categorized under:

Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Post‐release acclimation of translocated low‐elevation, non‐migratory bighorn sheep
Authors: Clapp Justin G. , Beck Jeffrey L. , Gerow Kenneth G.
Published: June 2014

Use of global positioning system (GPS) transmitters provides opportunities to evaluate ecological questions associated with fine‐scale animal movements. One important application is to evaluate how animals acclimate to new surroundings after translocation. Our objective was to quantify temporal acclimation for low‐elevation, non‐migratory bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) from 3 translocations to the Seminoe Mountains in south‐central Wyoming, USA, from 2009 to 2010 (n = 38) as well as for bighorns captured and released on‐site in 2011 (n = 24). We used number of days for movements from individual bighorn to stabilize as a measure of acclimation. Mean acclimation for translocated bighorns after release was 29.3 days (SE = 2.5, range = 0–70). Mean acclimation for bighorns captured and released on‐site was 5.0 days (SE = 2.4, range = 0–52). Paired comparisons indicated acclimation for 16 previously translocated bighorns that were captured and released on‐site was reduced by 30.8 days (SE = 5.0) or 86%. Within translocation efforts, bighorn females in supplemental releases acclimated an average of 19.5 days sooner (or in 57% of the time) than animals from the first translocation. Because acclimation periods after translocation releases are associated with increased mortality risk, managers should consider supplemental releases to minimize acclimation periods. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Is Radical Surgery Feasible in Liver Hydatid Cysts in Contact with the Inferior Vena Cava?
Authors: Ramia J. M. , Serrablo A. , De la Plaza R. , Esarte J. , Gijón L. , Sarria L. , Figueras J. , García‐Parreño J.
Published: June 2014

Background

Cysts in contact with the inferior vena cava (IVC) represent a challenge for hepato‐pancreatico‐biliary surgeons. Although the literature on the topic is scarce, the most widely accepted approach is conservative surgery. Partial cyst resection is recommended, because radical resection is considered a high‐risk procedure.

Study design

This was a retrospective study over the period January 2007–December 2012. We operated on 103 patients with liver hydatidosis. A total of 32 patients (31 %) had a liver cyst in contact with the IVC. We proposed a cyst classification based on location of the cyst and length of contact and degrees of involvement of the IVC.

Results

Median size of the contacting cyst measured by computed tomography (CT) was 12 cm. On CT, median length of contact with the IVC was 37 mm. The median degree of involvement was 90°. Radical surgery was performed in 20 patients (62.5 %). No IVC resection was done. Morbidity rate was 28 %, and mortality was 3 %. In follow‐up (median 27 months), no relapses or problems related to IVC flow were detected. Postoperative stay and transfusion rate were higher in the conservative surgery group, but these patients presented fewer complications. There was no relationship between circumferential grades and length of contact with the IVC and the type of surgery performed.

Conclusions

Liver hydatid cysts in contact with the IVC are large cysts usually located in the right liver. They do not normally cause clinical symptoms related to IVC contact. Radical surgery is feasible, and was performed in 60 % of our series, but it is technically demanding. We propose a classification of cysts in contact with the IVC.
Unexpected Revolution: The Role of Social Media in Ukraine's Euromaidan Uprising
Authors: Bohdanova Tetyana
Published: June 2014

As people become increasingly connected online, more and more social and political movements sparked by new information and communication technologies emerge around the world. While these technologies enable quick mobilisation of a large number of participants for a particular cause, not all social media-empowered initiatives are equally successful in becoming sustainable and achieving their goals. This paper examines the role of social media in Ukraine's recent Euromaidan uprising. In particular, it looks at the strategic ways in which activists have used social media for protest mobilisation, internal and external communication and organising. It concludes by discussing the limits to the use of technology in Euromaidan as well as the particular challenges of online organising.
Kathy Rooney (English) Kong Qi (Chinese): 'The English-Chinese Encarta Dictionary'
Authors: Li Lan
Published: June 2014

Kathy Rooney (English) Kong Qi (Chinese): 'The English-Chinese Encarta Dictionary' Guangzhou: World Book Press. 2011. 2238 pages. ISBN 978-7-5100- 4508-0/H.0765
Ultrasound diagnosis of fetal head engagement
Authors: Dimassi Kaouther , Anissa Ben Amor  , Belghith Cyrine , Mohamed Amine Ben Khedija  , Triki Amel , Mohamed Faouzi Gara
Published: June 2014

Objective

To compare clinical data and transperineal ultrasound results for the diagnosis of fetal head engagement.

Methods

The present prospective longitudinal study enrolled 100 term women attending the Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunisia, between July and September 2012. The clinical assessment of fetal engagement was compared with ultrasound measurements. Ultrasound examination was performed in the delivery room. The probe was placed on the ano‐vulvar area. The measure used was the distance between the perineum and external table of fetal skull.

Results

The ultrasound measures of the perineum to external table of fetal skull ranged from 13 to 75 mm. The measures of the perineum to succedaneum bump ranged from 22 to 68 mm. A threshold of 55 mm was determined as the perineum to fetal head distance above which a diagnosis of engagement would be reversed. This proposed threshold had a positive predictive value of 98.6%, a sensitivity of 86.7%, and a specificity of 94.1%.

Conclusion

Transperineal ultrasound is a simple, rapid, and reproducible method for the diagnosis of fetal head engagement. It can be used in the delivery room in addition to clinical examination and when the latter is hampered by a succedaneum bump.
Combining radiofrequency ablation and ethanol injection may achieve comparable long‐term outcomes in larger hepatocellular carcinoma (3.1–4 cm) and in high‐risk locations
Authors: Lin Ji‐Wei , Lin Chen‐Chun , Chen Wei‐Ting , Lin Shi‐Ming
Published: June 2014

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is more effective for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) < 3 cm. Combining percutaneous ethanol injection and RFA for HCC can increase ablation; however, the long‐term outcome remains unknown. The aim of this study was to compare long‐term outcomes between patients with HCC of 2–3 cm versus 3.1–4 cm and in high‐risk versus non‐high‐risk locations after combination therapy. The primary endpoint was overall survival and the secondary endpoint was local tumor progression (LTP). Fifty‐four consecutive patients with 72 tumors were enrolled. Twenty‐two (30.6%) tumors and 60 (83.3%) tumors were of 3.1–4 cm and in high‐risk locations, respectively. Primary technique effectiveness was comparable between HCC of 2–3 cm versus 3.1–4 cm (98% vs. 95.5%, p = 0.521), and HCC in non‐high risk and high‐risk locations (100% vs. 96.7%, p = 1.000). The cumulative survival rates at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years were 90.3%, 78.9%, and 60.3%, respectively, in patients with HCC of 2–3 cm; 95.0%, 84.4%, and 69.3% in HCC of 3.1–4.0 cm (p = 0.397); 90.0%, 71.1%, and 71.1% in patients with HCC in non‐high‐risk locations; and 92.7%, 81.6%, and 65.4% in high‐risk locations (p = 0.979). The cumulative LTP rates at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years were 10.2%, 32.6%, and 32.6%, respectively, in all HCCs; 12.6%, 33.9%, and 33.9% in HCC of 2–3 cm; 4.8%, 29.5%, and 29.5% in HCC of 3.1–4 cm (p = 0.616); 16.7%, 50.0%, and 50.0% in patients with HCC in non‐high‐risk locations; and 8.8%, 29.9%, and 29.9% in patients with HCC in high‐risk locations (p = 0.283). The cumulative survival and LTP rates were not significantly different among the various subgroups. Combining RFA and percutaneous ethanol injection achieved comparable long‐term outcomes in HCCs of 2–3 cm versus 3.1–4.0 cm and in high‐risk versus non‐high‐risk locations. A randomized controlled or cohort studies with larger sample size are warranted.
Synergism between inhibitors of Aurora A and KIF11 overcomes KIF15‐dependent drug resistance
Authors: Ma Hoi Tang , Erdal Sergio , Huang Shan , Poon Randy Y.C.
Published: June 2014

The mitotic kinesin KIF11 (also called Eg5) plays critical roles in spindle functions. Although a number of small‐molecule inhibitors of KIF11 are currently in clinical development, drug‐resistance could be developed through compensation by another kinesin called KIF15. Using a newly developed infrared‐based cell system, we discovered that the effectiveness of one of the latest generations of KIF11 inhibitor (SB743921) could be enhanced with several inhibitors of Aurora A kinase. Evidence including live‐cell imaging and isobologram analysis indicated that targeting KIF11 and Aurora A together promoted monoastral spindle formation and mitotic catastrophe synergistically, supporting a model of parallel pathways of centrosome regulation by Aurora A and KIF11. We also developed a KIF15‐dependent SB743921‐resistance cell model. Significantly, the drug‐resistance could also be overcome with Aurora A inhibitors. These results provide a molecular basis for increasing the effectiveness of Aurora A and KIF11 inhibitors and tackling problems of drug resistance.
Long-term and medium-term scenarios and factors in world energy perspectives for the 21st century
Authors: Kontorovich A.E. , Epov M.I. , Eder L.V.
Published: June 2014

The study provides an overview of key trends underlying the long-term and medium-term scenarios in the world energy outlook and prospects of fossil fuel resource depletion in the 21st century.
Paleogeographical reconstructions for the northeastern part of the latitudinal Ob’ region during the formation of petroleum horizon J2
Authors: Popov A.Yu. , Vakulenko L.G. , Kazanenkov V.A. , Yan P.A.
Published: June 2014

An integrated lithofacies analysis of the Middle–Upper Bathonian petroleum horizon J2 in the northeastern part of the latitudinal Ob’ region was carried out. The new data were used to supplement and refine the available data. The recognized lithofacies and their associations clearly mark off the boundaries of reconstructed sedimentation conditions. A petrographical study of the silt–sandy rocks of the horizon was carried out with a detailed calculation of their grain size and petrographic compositions. Grain size coefficients were analyzed with the use of genetic, dynamic, and dynamogenetic diagrams. The new data permitted a considerable refinement of the reconstructed sedimentation conditions of the horizon. It has been found that the transgressive change of sedimentation conditions is reflected in regular changes in some characteristics of the studied sediments: a decrease in the total number and thickness of coal interbeds, an increase in the degree of sediment bioturbation, a change of ichnofossils, and an increase in the amount of pyrite. More detailed paleogeographical schemes have been constructed for the formation of the lower (continental), middle (transitional), and upper (littoral marine) parts of the horizon. They provide a better understanding of the regularities of development of the Middle–Late Bathonian sedimentary basin in the study area.
Geomechanics and fluid flow effects on electric well logs: multiphysics modeling
Authors: Yeltsov I.N. , Nazarova L.A. , Nazarov L.A. , Nesterova G.V. , Sobolev A.Yu. , Epov M.I.
Published: June 2014

Coupled geomechanic and fluid flow analysis is applied to develop theoretical and experimental background for geosteering and well logging to diagnose the state of near-wellbore formation and oil reservoir. The suggested methods of processing EM induction (VIKIZ) and Russian laterolog (RLL) resistivity responses account for effects of stress-dependent fluid flow changes. The geomechanic and fluid-flow effects on resistivity well logs are investigated for the case of asymmetric invasion and related irreversible deformation. Ways of taking into account stress-dependent effects on resistivity logs are developed on the basis of 3D modeling of geomechanic and electromagnetic fields.
Thermal conductivity of the sedimentary-cover rocks of the West Siberian Plate in relation to their humidity and porosity
Authors: Duchkov A.D. , Sokolova L.S. , Rodyakin S.V. , Chernysh P.S.
Published: June 2014

We analyze the results of measurements of the thermal conductivity, porosity, and permeability of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks from wells drilled in the northeast of the West Siberian Plate and in the Cis-Yenisei basin. The thermal conductivity was measured by a “Thermal-conductivity comparator”, and the porosity and permeability were determined using standard techniques. A total of 135 samples of dry rocks were studied for thermal conductivity (λd). Ninety-two of them were then saturated with water, and their thermal conductivity was measured again. The average thermal conductivity of dry and water-saturated (λw) sedimentary rocks is 1.8–2.0 W/m/K and 2.4–2.8 W/m/K, respectively. Porosity (Kpor) was measured for 95 samples, and permeability (Kperm), for 44 samples. Comparison of the results of measurements revealed stable linear correlations between the thermal conductivity of dry samples and λw, Kpor, and Kperm. The established dependences are proposed for the express evaluation of the thermal (λw from λd and Kpor values) and structural (Kpor and Kperm from λd values) properties of sedimentary rocks, though the revealed correlations need further refinement.
Forward modeling and inversion of induction logs from shaly sand reservoirs using petrophysical conductivity models
Authors: Glinskikh V.N. , Nesterova G.V. , Epov M.I.
Published: June 2014

Algorithms and software have been designed for petrophysical 2D forward simulation and inversion of induction logs from oil wells drilled in shaly sandstone using conductivity models for different clay types. As comparative analysis of relative amplitudes and phases of tool responses has demonstrated, it is possible to reliably and accurately estimate fluid saturation and porosity from induction logs. The applied 2D numerical inversion of both theoretical and well logs yielded quantitative estimates of petrophysical parameters of reservoirs, with clay volume fraction assumed according to the chosen conductivity model. Correction for the presence of clay improves inversion quality if clay content as well as type are taken into account.
Decoupling of the East Asian summer monsoon and Indian summer monsoon between 20 and 17 ka
Authors: Jiang Xiuyang , He Yaoqi , Shen Chuan-Chou , Lee Shi-Yu , Yang Bang , Lin Ke , Li Zhizhong
Published: June 2014

Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 2, with its profound environmental and climatic changes from before the last glacial maximum (LGM) to the last deglaciation, is an ideal period for understanding the evolution of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and Indian summer monsoon (ISM), two Asian monsoon sub-systems. With 875 stable oxygen isotope ratios and 43 230Th dates from stalagmites in Sanxing Cave, southwestern China, we construct and interpret a new, replicated, Asian summer monsoon (ASM) record covering 30.9–9.7 ka with decadal resolution. δ18O records from this site and other reported Chinese caves display similar long-term orbitally dominated trends and synchronous millennial-scale strong and weak monsoonal events associated with climate changes in high northern latitudes. Interestingly, Sanxing δ18O and Arabian Sea records show a weakening ISM from 22 to 17 ka, while the Hulu and Qingtian records from East and Central China express a 3-ka intensifying EASM from 20 to 17 ka. This decoupling between EASM and ISM may be due to different sensitivities of the two ASM sub-systems in response to internal feedback mechanisms associated with the complex geographical or land-ocean configurations.
Getting a Job in Finance. The Strength of Collaboration Ties
Authors: Godechot Olivier
Published: June 2014

“Weak ties”, a valuable aid in getting a job, are generally work ties. One reason for this feature is not that former colleagues increase one’s information but rather that they value the pursuit of past collaboration. We examine the consequence of the collaboration ties hypothesis in the financial industry labor market. In finance, the labor market values the assets that financial operatives take with them from one firm to another, such as knowledge, know-how and customers. Since assets are to a certain extent shared among co-workers, it is worth hiring business relations and former colleagues or moving in teams: this enables a better transfer of assets such as idiosyncratic work routines, distributed knowledge, or joint customers. To demonstrate our claims we rely on an online survey launched witheFinancialCareers.frcollected in September 2008 among French financial employees. This questionnaire shows that working at the core of financial markets favors the accumulation of key moveable assets on the one hand and of collaboration ties on the other. That is, collaboration ties and key moveable assets are strongly correlated. The moving of key assets, collaboration ties and notably the combination of those two dimensions all result in increased wages.
Violences d’un autre âge dans les villages indiens. Actualités d’Ambedkar
Authors: Herrenschmidt Olivier
Published: June 2014

In many Indian villages, the Dalits (Scheduled Castes or former Untouchables) are victims of daily atrocities at the hands of the dominant castes. With respect to the 2006 murder of a family of Dalits by their village’s ruling caste, we show how the police, the medical profession, the courts, and the authorities combined to deny them justice and obstruct the enforcement of laws that are aimed at protecting them – with the involvement of many Dalit officials. In conclusion, it would seem that none of the options or strategies pursued by researchers or activists is likely to improve conditions for the Dalits in the near future: a caste system that is highly adapted to globalisation is far from disappearing; nor is the "practice of untouchability" prohibited by the Constitution (1950).
THE ETHICAL BASES OF PUBLIC POLICIES: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Authors: Pattanaik Prasanta K. , Xu Yongsheng
Published: June 2014

This paper develops a conceptual framework, which can accommodate a wide range of value judgements used in ethical evaluations of extended social states and which can be used to differentiate different categories of value judgements by referring to the type of information on which they may be based. The notions of consequentialism, non-consequentialism, exclusive focus on personal well-being, exclusive focus on utility, etc. are conceptualized in operational ways in the framework. The framework and the discussion of different types of ethical criteria that may be used in evaluating extended social states contribute to conceptual clarity about the ethical bases of public policies.
ATTRIBUTION OF EXTERNALITIES: AN ECONOMIC APPROACH TO THE KNOBE EFFECT
Authors: Utikal Verena , Fischbacher Urs
Published: June 2014

A series of studies in experimental philosophy have revealed that people blame others for foreseen negative side effects but do not praise them for foreseen positive ones. In order to challenge this idea, also called the Knobe effect, we develop a laboratory experiment using monetary incentives. In a game-theoretic framework we formalize the two vignettes in a neutral way, which means that we abstain from the use of any specific language terms and can easily control and vary the economic parameters of the situation. We confirm the Knobe effect in one situation and present situations in which the effect vanishes or even reverses. Our results are in line with a theoretical approach where the assessment of intention is not based on the action itself but on the underlying motive – as modelled in Levine (1998).
EFFECTS OF AGE AND SPEAKING RATE ON VOICE ONSET TIME
Authors: Stölten Katrin , Abrahamsson Niclas , Hyltenstam Kenneth
Published: June 2014

As part of a research project on the investigation of second language (L2) ultimate attainment in 41 Spanish early and late near-native speakers of L2 Swedish, the present study reports on voice onset time (VOT) analyses of the production of Swedish word-initial voiceless stops, /p t k/. Voice onset time is analyzed in milliseconds as well as in percentages of word duration, thereby accounting for speaking rate effects. The results revealed an overall age effect on VOT production; however, this age effect became salient and statistically significant for all three stops only when speaking rate was taken into consideration. Similarly, when speaking rate was accounted for, only a small minority of the late learners exhibited actual nativelike L2 behavior, and most (but far from all) early learners performed within native-speaker range. The results are taken as an indication for relative VOT, as opposed to absolute VOT, constituting a reliable measure of nativelike L2 stop production, which has important implications for future research on age effects and maturational constraints in L2 acquisition.
A decomposition for Hardy martingales II
Authors: MÜLLER PAUL F. X.
Published: June 2014

We prove Davis and Garsia Inequalities for dyadic perturbations of Hardy martingales and show that those inequalities play a substantial role in the proof of Bourgain's [1] embedding L1 ↪ L1/H10. This paper continues [17] on Davis and Garsia Inequalities (DGI).
Psychological Momentum: Why Success Breeds Success
Authors: Iso-Ahola Seppo E. , Dotson Charles O.
Published: June 2014

Whether trying to win Presidential primaries, trading stocks, or playing sports, performance-enhancing effects of psychological momentum (PM) are widely accepted. But, does initial success (S1) lead to subsequent success (S2) in and of itself due to increased know-how on one's and opponents’ performance or because it creates psychological force (momentum) that mediates this relationship? We review research on the phenomenon and show its strong empirical foundations in various domains of human performance. To advance research, we present an organizing theoretical framework that proposes both mediating and moderating effects of PM as mechanisms to explain why success breeds success in general. Initial success is critical for PM and has 3 types of effects: intensity, frequency, and duration. Whether performing alone (trader) or against an opponent (tennis player), perceptions of self as a performer (Sp) and of opponent as a performer (Op) are at the center of PM. The theory posits that the more the initial success separates the two (Op/Sp), the greater the PM. These and associated perceptions, however, have to turn into an increased subjective probability of winning or succeeding before PM becomes a psychological force. Evidence supports the mediating mechanism since initial success increases PM, which in turn enhances subsequent success. When initial success with PM leads to a greater likelihood of subsequent success than without PM, PM then modifies (“moderates”) the S1–S2 relationship without PM's independent effect on S2. There is also tentative evidence for a moderated mediation effect as the influence of PM seems to be greater for male than female performers. Areas of future research are highlighted.
Bioactive oligosaccharide natural products
Authors: McCranie Emilianne K. , Bachmann Brian O.
Published: June 2014

Oligosaccharide natural products possess a wide range of biological activities and have unique biosynthetic pathways. This review will highlight four classes of bioactive oligosaccharides: orthosomycins, moenomycins, saccharomicins, and acarviostatins.
A self-assembled conformational switch: a host–guest stabilized triple stem molecular beacon via a photoactivated and thermal regeneration mode
Authors: He Leiliang , Yang Xiaohai , Wang Kemin , Wang Qing , Zhao Fang , Huang Jin , Liu Jianbo
Published: June 2014

A novel strategy for construction of a conformational switch is presented with a combination of DNA self-assembly and reversible host–guest inclusion interaction.
N-Salicylidene aniline derivatives based on the N′-thiophosphorylated thiourea scaffold
Authors: Safin Damir A. , Babashkina Maria G. , Robeyns Koen , Bolte Michael , Garcia Yann
Published: June 2014

A new family of thermochromic N′-thiophosphorylated thiourea-containing N-salicylidene aniline derivatives (anils) of the common formula 6-{(2-OH-aryl)–CHN}-Py-2-NHC(S)NHP(S)(OiPr)2 has been synthesized by the condensation of N-thiophosphorylated thiourea 6-NH2-Py-2-NHC(S)NHP(S)(OiPr)2 with the corresponding salicylaldehyde.
Aromaticity of the planar hetero[8]circulenes and their doubly charged ions: NICS and GIMIC characterization
Authors: Baryshnikov G. V. , Valiev R. R. , Karaush N. N. , Minaev B. F.
Published: June 2014

All hetero[8]circulenes represent nonaromatic species because the paratropic internal currents (red colour) substantially cancel out the diatropic contribution on the outside edge (blue colour).
The derivative discontinuity of the exchange–correlation functional
Authors: Mori-Sánchez Paula , Cohen Aron J.
Published: June 2014

Manifestations of the derivative discontinuity of the energy in density functional theory are demonstrated in simple systems in chemistry and physics.
Calculation of chemical-shift tensors of heavy nuclei: a DFT/ZORA investigation of 199Hg chemical-shift tensors in solids, and the effects of cluster size and electronic-state approximations
Authors: Alkan Fahri , Dybowski C.
Published: June 2014

A ZORA/DFT investigation of the NMR chemical shielding of a suite of 199Hg-containing solid materials shows the importance of calculations with the molecular-cluster method.
Preparation of platinum modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles with the use of laser ablation in water
Authors: Siuzdak K. , Sawczak M. , Klein M. , Nowaczyk G. , Jurga S. , Cenian A.
Published: June 2014

We report on the preparation method of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide modified with platinum by using nanosecond laser ablation in liquid (LAL).
NO adsorption and reaction on single crystal rutile TiO2(110) surfaces studied using UHV–FTIRS
Authors: Xu Mingchun , Wang Yuemin , Hu Shujun , Xu Renbo , Cao Yunjun , Yan Shishen
Published: June 2014

Schematic models of cis-(NO)2 dimers (I and III) and N2O molecules (II) on reduced TiO2(110) surfaces. (I) Bidentate adsorption configuration on Ti5c4+ sites and (III) monodentate adsorption configuration at Vo sites.
Point-of-care biochemical assays using gold nanoparticle-implemented microfluidics
Authors: Sun Jiashu , Xianyu Yunlei , Jiang Xingyu
Published: June 2014

This review focuses on assaying biomarkers using both gold nanoparticles and microfluidic devices.
Superatoms (Li3O and BeF3) induce phenalenyl radical π-dimer: fascinating interlayer charge-transfer and large NLO responses
Authors: Chen Sa , Sun Shi-Ling , Wu Heng-Qing , Xu Hong-Liang , Zhao Liang , Su Zhong-Min
Published: June 2014

The two phenalenyl units in 2a and 2b carry positive and negative charges, respectively. Remarkably, 2a and 2b with novel 2e/12c bonds exhibit a dramatic interlayer charge-transfer character, which results in a significant Δμ and considerably large first hyperpolarizabilities.
Doxorubicin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) hollow microcapsules for targeted drug delivery to cancer cells
Authors: Liu Weina , Wen Shihui , Shen Mingwu , Shi Xiangyang
Published: June 2014

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) hollow microcapsules loaded with doxorubicin can be assembled with folate-functionalized polyethyleneimine for targeted drug delivery to cancer cells.
Rabbit-ears hybrids, VSEPR sterics, and other orbital anachronisms
Authors: Clauss Allen D. , Nelsen Stephen F. , Ayoub Mohamed , Moore John W. , Landis Clark R. , Weinhold Frank
Published: June 2014

We describe the logical flaws, experimental contradictions, and unfortunate educational repercussions of common student misconceptions regarding the shapes and properties of lone pairs, inspired by overemphasis on “valence shell electron pair repulsion” (VSEPR) rationalizations in current freshman-level chemistry textbooks. VSEPR-style representations of orbital shape and size are shown to be fundamentally inconsistent with numerous lines of experimental and theoretical evidence, including quantum mechanical “symmetry” principles that are sometimes invoked in their defense. VSEPR-style conceptions thereby detract from more accurate introductory-level teaching of orbital hybridization and bonding principles, while also requiring wasteful “unlearning” as the student progresses to higher levels. We include specific suggestions for how VSEPR-style rationalizations of molecular structure can be replaced with more accurate conceptions of hybridization and its relationship to electronegativity and molecular geometry, in accordance both with Bent's rule and the consistent features of modern wavefunctions as exhibited by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis.
Volcano-shape glycerol oxidation activity of palladium-decorated gold nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao Zhun , Arentz Joni , Pretzer Lori A. , Limpornpipat Pongsak , Clomburg James M. , Gonzalez Ramon , Schweitzer Neil M. , Wu Tianpin , Miller Jeffrey T. , Wong Michael S.
Published: June 2014

Activity and selectivity of glycerol oxidation were highly dependent upon Pd surface coverage of Pd-on-Au bimetallic catalysts.
Model predictive control‐based non‐linear fault tolerant control for air‐breathing hypersonic vehicles
Authors: Hu Xiaoxiang , Karimi Hamid Reza , Wu Ligang , Guo Yang
Published: June 2014

In this study, a model predictive control (MPC)‐based fault tolerant control (FTC) design method for air‐breathing hypersonic vehicles (AHVs) is proposed. The non‐linear model of AHVs is recalled and the FTC problem is discussed. The problem is challenging because the relationship between flight dynamics and the control input is not so clear. For the purpose of non‐linear FTC, an optimisation‐based reference reconfiguration method is given. Through the reconfiguration, a new reference command, which can be realised by the faulty system, is constructed. Actuator saturation has been take into account when constructing the new reference command. An MPC‐based controller reconfiguration method is proposed with respect to the new command and system faults. Finally, simulations are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Histogram modification using grey‐level co‐occurrence matrix for image contrast enhancement
Authors: Hongbo Yang , Xia Hou
Published: June 2014

Histogram modification is an important technique for contrast enhancement. Most changes of histogram are based on global or local region grey‐levels information. In this study, a novel grey‐level co‐occurrence matrix (GCOM)‐based histogram equalisation (COHE) method is proposed. A GCOM is a matrix or distribution of co‐occurring grey‐levels at a given offset, in which each row or column vector is actually a conditional histogram. The procedure of COHE has two steps. First, it is to equalise the modified conditional histograms, which are weighted sums of uniformly distributed histograms and the conditional histograms. An adjusting method of weight parameter is also presented in this study. Conditional histograms equalisations have the advantage of enlarging the difference between given grey‐levels and other spatially adjacent grey‐levels. Second, COHE algorithm finds mapping to obtain global enhance by weighting all the conditional translated grey‐levels with original image histogram. However, it could produce over‐enhanced unnatural looking images because of spikes of conditional histogram and original histogram. To deal with this, this study introduces methods of adjusting the conditional histogram and original histogram based on GCOM. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can enhance the images effectively.
Design of a compact ultra‐wide‐band monopole antenna with band rejection characteristics
Authors: Karimian R. , Oraizi H. , Fakhte S.
Published: June 2014

This study presents a design of two compact monopole antennas with band‐notched characteristics for ultra‐wide‐band application. The compact antennas are etched on an FR4 substrate with the size of 14 × 16 × 1 mm3, consists of a tree‐shaped radiation patch with modified ground structure, providing a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 170% (2.8–19.2 GHz). To reject certain‐frequency bands, two completely different approaches are proposed. First a shorted T‐shaped quarter‐wavelength resonator is used to omit undesired frequency band of 5.1–5.9 GHz. In the second approach, two L‐shaped slots are inserted in the patch to act as a filter structure for worldwide interoperability for microwave access (3.4–3.6 GHz) and wireless local area network (5–5.6 GHz) applications. The band‐notched can be controlled by adjusting the length of the rectangle slots. The effects of dimensional parameters on the antenna performance have been investigated through a parametric study. Furthermore, current density distribution on the antenna is also computed to gain a better insight of its behaviour. The antennas are investigated numerically and experimentally for their impedance matching properties, frequency notched characteristics and radiation performances.
Shaped beam array synthesis using particle swarm optimisation method with mutual coupling compensation and wideband feeding network
Authors: Pirhadi Abbas , Rahmani Mohammad Hassan , Mallahzadeh Alireza
Published: June 2014

This work presents the design, simulation and implementation of a linear array antenna with a fully constrained cosecant squared radiation pattern and a novel wideband feeding network. This antenna is constructed of wideband printed dipole antennas as the array elements in which the mutual coupling effect is properly compensated. For this purpose, a constrained particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm is used as the synthesis method which is able to deal with multiple constraints in the desired radiation pattern. The excitations obtained from the PSO algorithm are applied to the design of a wideband feeding network which is able to deliver stable phase shifts and output powers to the array elements over the desired bandwidth. Finally, the simulation results are confirmed by the measurement results.