bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovation in language tourism:
Authors: Connon Eleanor Jane
Published: February 2025

This research examines the transformative potential of experiential learning during a short-term holiday in the UK for young learners of English. The study explores the multifaceted impact of different activities, such as cultural workshops, guided tours and everyday interactions, on second language (English) acquisition and personal development. Using a mixed-method approach, the study combines surveys of learners and group leaders with interviews with industry professionals in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape and perceived effectiveness of experiential learning models in UK language tourism. The results reveal a wide range of activities that promote authentic communication and cultural immersion, resulting in high levels of satisfaction among learners and group leaders. Experiential learning is perceived to significantly improve language skills, increase confidence and promote personal growth in terms of resilience, open-mindedness and independence. The qualitative data further underline the importance of dynamic learning environments, intercultural exchange and the role of educators in facilitating meaningful learning experiences. The research also recognises the logistical challenges associated with implementing experiential learning activities and highlights the need for careful planning, adaptability and clear communication. The findings of this study provide empirical evidence to support the effectiveness of experiential learning approaches in study leave programmes. The study offers practical implications for improving the quality and impact of such programmes, advocating a holistic approach that integrates diverse activities, prioritises learner-centred design and promotes intercultural interaction. By harnessing the power of experiential learning and innovation, language tourism service providers can create transformative experiences that empower learners to achieve their language goals and thrive in an interconnected world.
Return connectedness of sectoral stock indices on the Indonesian stock exchange during Russian-Ukraine conflict
Authors: Fitriyah Fitriyah , Mukminatin Zakia Nur
Published: February 2025

Research aims: The purpose of this study is to determine the return connectedness of sectoral stock indices in Indonesia and to identify sectors that act as risk transmitters and risk recipients during the Russia-Ukraine conflict.Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employed a quantitative method with a comparative descriptive approach using data obtained from id.investing.com in the form of daily data on the closing price of the sectoral stock index starting from the period March 16, 2021 to March 14, 2023. The sampling technique used purposive sampling method. Time varying parameter VAR is an analytical tool used to analyze the data.Research findings: The test results found that the return connectedness of Sectoral Stock Indices increased during the Russia-Ukraine war. During the war, the sectoral indices that acted as risk transmitters were finance, industry, infrastructure, consumer cyclicals, and basic materials. Sectors that acted as risk receivers were health, transportation, energy, consumer non-cyclicals, and technology.Theoretical contribution/Originality: This is the first study to examine return spillover in Indonesia stock sectors, specifically focusing on the Russia-Ukraine conflict. This study provides understanding about return spillover and directional spillover among 11 Indonesian stock sectors.Practitioner/Policy implication: This article has important implications for investors to allocate their portfolios taking into account the similarities and differences in the time-varying connectivity characteristics of different asset systems. Also, for policymakers in Indonesia should adopt flexible regulatory strategies to avoid systemic risk contagion.
Pengaruh Dewan Komisaris, Kepemilikan Institusional, Dewan Pengawas Syariah, Profitabilitas, dan Leverage Terhadap Pengungkapan Islamic Social Reporting
Authors: Dwiyanti Khaerunnisa , Mudjiyanti Rina , Pramono Hadi , Hapsari Ira
Published: February 2025

Latar Belakang: Kondisi ekonomi yang tidak pasti menyebabkan berbagai perusahaan harus mampu mempertahankan kelangsungan hidup, sektor keuangan syariah mampu menunjukkan ketangguhannya menghadapi krisis dan tetap mencatatkan pertumbuhan positif.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh dewan komisaris, kepemilikan institusional, dewan pengawas syariah, profitabilitas dan leverage terhadap pengungkapan Islamic social reporting (ISR).Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari laporan keuangan yang telah diterbitkan oleh Bank Umum Syariah yang terdaftar di OJK selama periode 2018-2022. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis model regresi data panel dengan menggunakan alat analisis software STATA versi 17.Hasil Penelitian: Hasil penelitian bahwa ukuran dewan komisaris dan leverage berpengaruh positif terhadap pengungkapan ISR sedangkan kepemilikan institusional, dewan pengawas syariah dan profitabilitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan ISR.Keaslian/Kebaruan Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan pengembangan dari penelitian terdahulu dengan menambahkan variabel independen ukuran dewan pengawas syariah, tahun penelitian yang berbeda dan sektor yang berbeda sehingga berdampak pada perbedaan hasil penelitian.
Etika untuk Profesional Akuntan: Perspektif Tinjauan Pustaka Sistematis
Authors: Nazaruddin Ietje , Utami Evy Rahman , Yani Indah , Puspa Dwi Fitri
Published: February 2025

Latar Belakang: Di era globalisasi yang penuh tantangan, profesi akuntan harus menjunjung tinggi integritas dan profesionalisme. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara etika, pengambilan keputusan, kualitas audit, dan karakteristik profesional, serta mengeksplorasi strategi yang efektif untuk pendidikan etika.Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini mengkaji peran etika dalam profesi akuntansi melalui tinjauan literatur pada database Scopus, menganalisis 98 studi dari 2015 hingga 2022 di 27 negara.Hasil Penelitian: Hasilnya menunjukkan tiga klaster: karakteristik profesi akuntan, etika dan pengambilan keputusan, serta etika dan kualitas audit. Pendidikan etika penting untuk meningkatkan sikap profesional, menciptakan ide baru, dan tetap kompetitif.Keaslian/Kebaruan Penelitian: Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada tinjauan sistematis terhadap unsur-unsur ini dan fokusnya pada pendidikan etika inovatif dan implikasi etis kepemimpinan dalam akuntansi.
Prevalence and patterns of comorbidities in psoriasis: a cross-sectional study from Bangladesh
Authors: Haque A. K. M. Rejaul , Islam Tawfique R. , Rahat Mohammad L. R. , Mia Mohammad T. , Hossain M. Shakhawat , Lopa Rubaiya N. , Siddiqua Jubaida A. , Hassan Emrul
Published: February 2025

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder marked by red, scaly patches on the skin, often causing itching. Psoriasis manifests in several forms, with plaque psoriasis being the most common. This condition affects the skin, nails, joints, and other systems, leading to significant comorbidities like cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. These comorbidities, seen in two-thirds of patients, highlight the systemic inflammatory nature of psoriasis. Understanding these associations is crucial for dermatologists to provide comprehensive care for affected individuals. The study aims to investigate the comorbidities associated with psoriasis.
Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, including 120 adult psoriasis patients over one year. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained.
Results: The most common age group was 41-50 years (30%), and the mean age of 43.63±13.69 years. Males comprised 60% of the population. Disease duration was up to 5 years for 80% of participants. Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity (50%), followed by obesity (41.67%), dyslipidemia (33.33%), diabetes mellitus (25%), and metabolic syndrome (16.67%). Chronic plaque psoriasis was most prevalent (66.67%). Severity distribution indicated that 75% had mild/moderate psoriasis. Comparisons revealed no significant differences in comorbidities across psoriasis types or severity groups.
Conclusions: The study highlights the significant burden of comorbidities among psoriasis patients, particularly hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. These conditions were prevalent regardless of psoriasis type or severity, underscoring the systemic nature of psoriasis and the need for comprehensive patient management.
A real-world retrospective study to determine the safety and effectiveness of naftifine 2% cream in the treatment of Tinea cruris and Tinea corporis in Indian patients
Authors: Soni Anil , Tripathi Aditya , Sarkar Soumajyoti , Sarkar Dibyajyoti , Shinde Rajendra , Makwana Alka , Jaiswal Ashok , Chinda Monika
Published: February 2025

Background: This real-world retrospective analysis of the case record forms (CRFs) was done to evaluate the safety, effectiveness, compliance, and tolerability of naftifine 2% cream in treating superficial infections, especially Tinea corporis and Tinea cruris, in Indian patients.
Methods: The data was collected from 158 dermatologists/physicians’ outpatient department in India, on using naftifine 2% cream in patients presenting with new or recurrent Tinea infections. The CRFs of 1258 patients who had previously visited the dermatology outpatient department from July 2023 to May 2024 and received naftifine 2% cream as monotherapy or in combination therapy at the discretion of the treating physician were included in the study.
Results: A total of 1,258 eligible CRFs were analyzed, revealing that 81% of patients treated with naftifine 2% cream achieved clinical cure, while 99.6% achieved mycological cure. Adverse events were reported in only 2.6% (n=33) of patients, and naftifine 2% cream treatment was well tolerated.
Conclusions: This retrospective study suggests that naftifine 2% cream is safe and effective in patients with superficial fungal infections, including Tinea corporis and Tinea cruris.
A Polish Scholar in Europe and America – on Florian Znaniecki’s autobiographical essay
Authors: Kobelska Adela
Published: February 2025

Florian Znaniecki, współautor słynnej książki "Chłop polski w Europie i Ameryce", sam był emigrantem, który przybył z Polski do Stanów Zjednoczonych. Doświadczenia te opisał w autobiograficznym tekście stworzonym na potrzeby projektu, którego tematem był proces amerykanizacji. Tym razem jednak Znaniecki nie uczestniczył w badaniu jako uczony, ale jako jego uczestnik. Tym samym, jeden z twórców metody biograficznej sam stał się przedmiotem prowadzonej tym sposobem analizy. Artykuł jest próbą wskazania elementów wspólnych dla eseju autobiograficznym Znanieckiego oraz jego prac naukowych z zakresu teorii i metodologii socjologii (czy szerzej nauk o kulturze).
Doing Research in Times of Crisis. An Auto/biography
Authors: Ostaszewska Aneta
Published: February 2025

Artykuł ma na celu „wejście w głąb” procesu zmagania się z myślami, emocjami i doświadczeniami, które pojawiły się w trakcie i w wyniku mojej pracy badawczej w czasie pandemii Covid-19. Odwołując się do terminu „auto/biografia” Liz Stanley, staram się zgłębić znaczenia i implikacje badań nad autobiografią badacza. Interesuje mnie epistemologiczna dyskusja na temat wzajemnych powiązań tego, co osobiste, z tym, co polityczne i instytucjonalne w kontekście badań feministycznych. Moim celem jest otwarcie przestrzeni na pytanie typu: W jaki sposób badania wpływają na trajektorię mojej auto/biografii?
Izabela Czartoryska and her Fictional Peregrinations to Toruń
Authors: Miętki Joanna
Published: February 2025

Tematem artykułu jest książka Krzysztofa P. Czyżewskiego "Izabela. Świat w płomieniach". Autorka stara się wskazać, w jaki sposób pisarz wykorzystał nośniki pamięci zbiorowej (nazwisko protagonistki i fikcyjną fibulę) do stworzenia powieści historycznej, noszącej jednocześnie znamiona literackiego regionalizmu. Przedmiotem refleksji jest kreacja tytułowej bohaterki i jej wpływ na powieściowy wizerunek oświecenia, a w konsekwencji także wątki regionalistyczne. Rozważania zostają podsumowane poprzez odniesienie do koncepcji pamięci kulturowej.
Los derechos del niño y de las generaciones futuras en los litigios climáticos
Authors: García Martín Laura
Published: February 2025

El litigio climático basado en derechos se ha convertido en una práctica emergente, especialmente tras el histórico fallo del caso Urgenda en 2019. Asimismo, el número de demandas lideradas por niños, niñas o jóvenes se ha multiplicado significativamente en los últimos años. Existe amplia evidencia científica que demuestra que los niños y jóvenes, así como las generaciones venideras, sufrirán en mayor medida las consecuencias negativas del calentamiento global, lo que les sitúa en una posición especialmente propicia para argumentar sus reclamos en base a los derechos específicos del niño y del principio de equidad intergeneracional. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es examinar qué derechos y argumentos incorporan los casos climáticos liderados por niños y jóvenes analizados, así como los beneficios que pueden suponer para este tipo de litigios que sus reclamos se basen específicamente en derechos de los niños y en el principio de equidad intergeneracional, valorando los resultados obtenidos hasta la fecha.
Recibido: 30 noviembre 2023 Aceptado: 25 octubre 2024
Human Rights Guarantees in Criminal Proceedings
Authors: Florea Dimitrița , Galeș Narcisa
Published: February 2025

The infallible evolution of human society attracted the emergence of the ideas of freedom and equality, a fact that caused a revolution in the thinking of citizens. Thus, starting in 1215, when the document Magna Carta Libertatum was promulgated, some natural rights of the individual, especially those regarding the legal protection of a person, began to be recorded "as the letter of the law" in documents with a legal value essential. As a result, the "Social Contract" of Jean Jacques Rousseau, the "Fourth Amendment" of the USA Constitution and later, the constitutions adopted between the 18th and the 19th centuries appear on  political scene . All these transformations determined the transition of these rights of the individual, from natural rights, to inherent rights, protected by the legal frameworks in force at that time, aspects that were carried out only on the internal level of each individual state. Externally, the existence of victims resulting from the wars fought and the interest that the Great Powers gave to their own citizens who lived their daily lives outside their borders, determined the creation of legal norms regarding the protection of humanitarian rights. Thus, the Geneva Convention, from 1864, the Hague Convention, from 1898, the one from 1907, and later, the Geneva Convention from 1929, were concluded. The protection of minorities was addressed after the First World War, while the World War II marked history with gross violations of some essential  human abilities, through the committed war crimes against humanity.  This fact was later marked by the creation of a strong regulatory system regarding the international protection of human rights, with reference to the UN Charter and the Human Rights Universal Declaration. All these transformations produced on the external political level determined Romania to resort to some internal changes, on the legislative level. One of these changes is marked by the adoption in 2009 of the New Penal Code, which entered into force in 2014.
Slovar krajšav
Authors: Kompara Lukančič Mojca
Published: February 2025

Monografija z naslovom Slovar krajšav je prvo tovrstno delo v slovenskem prostoru. Gre za delo, ki bralcem na enem mestu ponudi geslovnik, ki zajema tuje krajšave, njihove razvezave, prevodne ustreznice v slovenskem jeziku in, če slednje obstajajo, tudi slovenske krajšavne ustreznice. V slovar so vključene tuje krajšave, ki se uporabljajo v slovenskem prostoru. Nabor slednjih je bil pripravljen ob pomoči algoritma za samodejno prepoznavanje krajšav in razvezav v elektronskih besedilih ter tudi z večletnim ročnim zbiranjem krajšav in razvezav. V slovar so vključene krajšave iz 22 tujih jezikov. Najbolj številčne tuje krajšave izhajajo iz angleškega, italijanskega, francoskega, latinskega in nemškega jezika. V slovarju najdemo tudi krajšave v drugih jezikih, slednjih je številčno manj, npr. hrvaške, ruske, srbske, španske ipd. Delo je sestavljeno iz obsežnega geslovnika tujih krajšav, ki zajema okrog 4.200 različnih razvezav. Opremljeno je z uvodom v tuje krajšave in značilnostmi tujih krajšav, načinom zbiranja gesel, uporabo algoritma in uvodom, ki vsebuje zglede o rabi slovarja.
Stanisław Przybyszewski — mizogin czy poszukiwacz miłości idealnej?
Authors: Murzicz Ewelina
Published: February 2025

This article presents and analyses the motif of women in Stanisław Przybyszewski‘s novels. The author focused on the woman‘s nature and presented the way it influenced the man‘s character and life. Przbyszewski‘s work is an attempt at answering questions about the point of love and desire; it also includes problems connected with metaphysical side of love and impossibility to achieve any unity between the man and the woman.
Bipolaris oryzae associated agent at the leaf spot disease in Cocos nucifera hybrid “Brazilian Green Dwarf”
Authors: Rebolledo-Prudencio Oscar Guillermo , Chan-Cupul Wilberth , Moreno-Zúñiga Guadalupe , Cruz-Jiménez Carlos Adrián , Sánchez-Rangel Juan Carlos
Published: February 2025

Background/objective. In Tecoman, Colima, Mexico, a leaf spot (LS) disease was detected with an incidence of 92.0% in Cocos nucifera hybrid Brazilian Green Dwarf (BGD). The objective was to characterize morphologically, molecularly and biochemically the fungus associated with LS in BGD coconut palm and evaluate its susceptibility to commercial biological fungicides. Materials and methods. The isolate was characterized morphologically and molecularly. Their growth, sporulation and laccase production were evaluated using different culture media. The in vitro mycelial inhibition and mean lethal doses (LD50) of commercial biological fungicides based on antagonistic fungi (Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride), bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens) and actinobacteria (Streptomyces lydicus and S. jofer) were determined. Results. Bipolaris oryzae was the associated agent of LS, it produces 25.54 and 22.17 U mg of protein-1 of laccase activity in the Sivakumar and wheat bran (WB) media. The WB medium allowed the greatest sporulation. Trichoderma harzianum inhibited B. oryzae at 100% in the four evaluated doses. B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens inhibited B. oryzae at 100% at the highest tested doses (20 mL L-1). Conclusion. Bipolaris oryzae is the associated agent of LS, it produced the highest laccase activity in Sivakumar and WB culture media. The highest sporulation and daily growth rate were in WB. T. harzianum stood out over T. viride by inhibiting B. oryzae growth by 100%. B. subtilis, S. lydicus and B. amyloliquefaciens were more effective against B. oryzae in vitro compared to S. jofer.
Sustainable Development and Ecosystem Health at Oyster Farming
Authors: Gao Yonghui , Ji Guanglei
Published: February 2025

Oyster culture at Rushan coastal water is one of China’s most important shellfish aquacultures. To address space limitations in aquaculture, the government promoted raft cage technology and “autumn oyster fattening”, which has significantly improved oyster quality and yield. However, environmental overcapacity and disease risks now pose critical challenges to the industry’s sustainable development. Carrying capacity evaluations (e.g. water quality, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem impacts) are essential for sustainable management. Global warming, sea level rise, and ocean acidification threaten oyster reproduction, growth, and diseases. A few developments in oyster hatcheries were planned or in operation on how to achieve key benefits, such as strengthening ecosystem adaptation by mangroves to sea level rise and erosion, addressing the climate crisis through carbon storage and reduced acidification, and enhancing the safety and prosperity of coastal communities.
Peculiarities of the Development of Students’ Musical Skills Under the Influence of Modern Software
Authors: Yang Hui
Published: February 2025

This study explored the impact of digital technologies on the development of musical skills among music students. A learning experiment was conducted with 66 students between the ages of 18 and 21 from China, France, Italy, and Spain. The study used the methods of a survey and online discussions. Participants verified that the present advancement of digital technologies allows artists to participate in a professional musical environment without formal schooling. Students in the experimental group had a more positive attitude toward learning and its significance for their personal and professional development. Most survey items were rated between 3 and 4 on a 4-point scale, indicating students’ overall satisfaction with the training. The results of the online discussion also indicated a high level of support for the use of digital technologies in music education, as well as highlighting the innovative nature of the training course and the advantages of traditional music education. Three quarters of participants supported the use of digital technologies in education. Students in the experimental group were able to acquire more advanced professional musical skills, which facilitated the creation of melodies (including the composition of musical fragments on specified themes, musical arrangements of varying complexity, and the development of principles for processing musical works) compared to students in the control group (focused on the development of musical ear and sense of rhythm), who were initially trained under the traditional system. The study’s findings support the effectiveness of an integrated strategy for nurturing musical creativity that involves collaboration between students, teachers, and cutting-edge technology.
EFFECTS OF RECREATIONAL TENNIS PRACTICES ON BODY COMPOSITION, FREE TIME MANAGEMENT AND MOTIVATIONAL PERSISTENCE
Authors:   Faculty of Sport Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Türkiye,, Beşikçi Tolga , Dinç Nurten , Balıkçı İlker , Abay Beşikçi Ezgi ,   Faculty of Sport Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Türkiye,,   Faculty of Sport Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Türkiye,,   Faculty of Sport Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Türkiye,
Published: February 2025

This study was conducted to examine the body composition, free time management and motivational persistence of individuals participating in recreational tennis. The sample of the study consisted of administrative staff working at Manisa Celal Bayar University, who voluntarily participated in the study and had never received tennis training before. In the study, pre-test-post-test control group experimental design, one of the quantitative research designs, was used. The experimental study was carried out by forming a study group with a total of 24 personnel (equal number of men and women), 12 of whom were in the control group and 12 in the experimental group. As measurement tools, body composition (data such as body weight, body fat ratios, lean muscle mass and body mass index) were taken with Tanita MC 780 MA brand device. The free time management scale and motivational persistence scale were used as measurement tools. Due to the small number of participants, Mann-Whitney U test, one of the nonparametric tests, was used to observe the differences between the control and experimental groups, and Wilcoxon sequential test was used to analyse the in-group pre-test and post-test data. The relationship between the scales was tested with the ‘Spearman's Correlations’ test. Regarding body composition, it was determined that recreational tennis practices contributed positively to the general health status of the participants. Comparisons between pre- and post-test measurements revealed that the participants showed a significant improvement in using their free time more efficiently as a result of recreational tennis activities. In terms of motivational persistence, it was observed that tennis practices strengthened the participants' determination to achieve their goals. The results of the study show that recreational tennis practices are an important tool that enables individuals to focus on long-term goals and to be resilient against the difficulties they face.
Development of catalysts and reactor designs for CO2 electroreduction towards C2+ products
Authors: Ma Joonhee , Kim Soo Young
Published: February 2025

Recent research on the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) has garnered significant attention given its capability to address environmental issues associated with CO2 emissions while harnessing clean energy to produce high-value-added products. Compared to C1 products, C2+ products provide greater energy densities and are highly sought after as chemical feedstocks. However, the formation of the C-C bond is challenging due to competition with the formation of H-H and C-H bonds. Therefore, to elevate the selectivity and yield of C2+ fuels, it is essential to develop more advanced electrocatalysts and optimize the design of electrochemical cell configurations. Of the materials investigated for CO2RR, Cu-based materials stand out due to their wide availability, affordability, and environmental compatibility. Moreover, Cu-based catalysts exhibit promising capabilities in CO2 adsorption and activation, facilitating the formation of C2+ compounds via C-C coupling. This review examines recent research on both electrocatalysts and electrochemical cells for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ compounds, introducing the core principles of eCO2RR and the reaction pathways involved in generating C2+ products. A key focus is the categorization of Cu-based catalyst designs, including defect engineering, surface modification, nanostructure engineering, and tandem catalysis. By analyzing recent studies on eCO2RR with Cu-based catalysts, we aim to elucidate the mechanisms behind enhanced selectivity for C2+ compounds. Additionally, various types of electrolytic cells are discussed. Lastly, the prospects and limitations of utilizing Cu-based materials and electrocatalytic cells for CO2 reduction are highlighted for future research.
Oxygen coordinated Cu single atom catalysts: a superior catalyst towards electrochemical CO2 reduction for methane production
Authors: Qin Jundi , Hu Xiao , Miao Kanghua , Kang Xiongwu
Published: February 2025

Single atom catalyst (SAC) show significant promise in electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (eCO2RR) to produce valuable chemicals, representing one of the most promising ways to achieve a carbon neutral cycle. Methane is one of the many valuable products from eCO2RR. Rational design of SAC through deliberate coordination regulation and controlled synthesis at low temperatures toward methane production remains very limited. Herein in this paper, Cu SAC with coordination of four oxygen atoms (Cu-O4) were prepared by soaking Cu nanocrystals on carbon support in acetic acid solution at 60 °C for 12 h. The coordination structure was revealed by extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectrum and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Cu-O4 SAC demonstrates excellent activity and selectivity towards methane production, with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 63.0% and partial current density of 200.5 mA cm-2. Theoretical calculation indicates less positive charge of Cu center and stronger charge delocalization in Cu-O4 SAC than Cu-N4 SAC due to the stronger π bonding interaction in Cu-O4 SAC, which stabilizes the methane intermediates and lowers the potential determining step on Cu-O4 SAC. Strong hydrogen adsorption on Cu-O4 SAC suppresses hydrogen evolution and may favor hydrogenation of reaction intermediates to methane. The limiting potential indicates that methane is more favored on Cu-O4 SAC than CO, methanol and formate, corroborating the high selectivity of methane production on Cu-O4 SAC. This work highlights the importance of regulation of the coordination environment in SAC in steering products in eCO2RR.
When fact-checks go viral
Authors: Federico Lorenzo , Masotina Mariavittoria
Published: February 2025

To be effective in countering misinformation, it is paramount for fact-checkers to reach a wide audience. This study investigates the dynamics leading to broader engagement with fact-checking content published on social networks. It analyzes the dissemination activity on Twitter (later rebranded as X) of a cross-national sample of European fact-checkers over a span of four months. We employ Network Analysis and Natural Language Processing techniques (sentiment analysis and keyword extraction), to address four questions: 1. Are there specific tweets that attract the majority of engagement?; 2. Do these tweets draw engagement from audiences beyond their usual reach?; 3. What is the prevailing sentiment expressed in these tweets – positive, neutral, or negative?; 4. What topics are covered in these highly engaging tweets? Results show that certain tweets receive significantly higher engagement, extending beyond typical audience. Furthermore, our findings suggest that popular tweet topics are country-specific, and negative tweets attract more interaction in most considered countries.
The Evolution of Disinformation
Authors: Selaković Marko , Tarabasz Anna , Ljepava Nikolina
Published: February 2025

Fake news has the power to shape and bias public opinion, spreading across mainstream and online channels. In the Internet era, new technologies enabled both the creation and dissemination of an increasing amount of fake content. Therefore, with the changing landscape of disinformation, the aim of this research is to examine how scientific literature has covered changes in the evolution of fake news and what changes are noticeable following the deep penetration of the Internet and user-generated content into the general population. Out of 16,093 studied papers listed in EBSCO, Emerald, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, the systematic literature review identified 85 relevant sources related to fake news published in areas of communications, marketing, journalism, psychology, history, and law. The present research provides a comprehensive overview of fake news transformation in the digital age. The occurrence of new forms and types of digital fake news is noticeable. Moreover, the study demonstrates that the way of sharing and disseminating fake news has changed by introducing automated and AI solutions capable of creating and sharing fake content. Further, the term ‘fake news’ has transformed from a single semantic term to a two-dimensional phenomenon, including both the fake news genre and the fake news label. Lastly, the usage of fake news in the novel context as a critical pillar of the info-war strategies has been examined.
Regional, age- and sex-related specificities of physical development of preschool-aged children in the Samara Region
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russian Federation, Sazonova O.V. , Gavryushin M.Yu. ,   Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russian Federation, Khamtsova R.V. ,   Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russian Federation, Trubetskaya S.R. ,   Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russian Federation, Tupikova D.S. ,   Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russian Federation, Frolova O.V. ,   Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russian Federation, Isaychenko Ya.A. ,   Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russian Federation
Published: February 2025

In the conditions of rising pediatric morbidity, the pre-nosology approach to children’s health, aimed at primary prevention of abnormalities and diseases, is of particular importance. An informative tool for monitoring children’s health is the assessment of physical development as a key indicator of the overall health of pediatric population. The study of regional, age- and sexrelated specificities of physical development of children in certain regions remains a topical issue.
Objective. To determine the regional, age- and sex-related specificities of preschool-aged children living in the Samara Region.
Patients and methods. This article presents a cross-sectional study of physical development of 1585 children attending preschool educational organizations in the Samara Region. A comparative analysis with anthropometric parameters of children from other regions was performed to identify regional and sex-related specificities.
Results. The study showed the presence of regional specificities, “development scenarios” peculiar to different regions of the Russian Federation. They were particularly pronounced when analyzing children’s body length. Age- and sex-related specificities were also identified, which, however, were less common and did not occur in all the regions studied.
Conclusion. For timely and effective assessment of children’s health, it is necessary to develop regional age- and sex-related standards of physical development for preschool-aged children in all regions of the Russian Federation.
Key words: preschool age, children’s health, prevention, physical development
Food allergy. Innovative methods of diagnosis and therapy
Authors:   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation, Revyakina V.A. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Melnikova K.S. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Larkova I.A. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Mukhortykh V.A. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Children and Adolescents, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kuvshinova E.D. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation, Tarmaeva N.A. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: February 2025

This review presents literature data on the prevalence of food allergy and food intolerance, clinical manifestations of IgE- and non-IgE-mediated immune reactions, as well as the results of our own research on the identification of causative food allergens using molecular diagnostics. Current approaches to diagnosis, diet therapy, and innovations in pharmacotherapy are described.
Key words: food allergy, food intolerance, children, molecular diagnostics, diet therapy, biopharmaceuticals
Current understanding of microvillus inclusion disease
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shumilov P.V. , Zhuravleva I.V. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Amichba M.D. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Smolyannikova A.B. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dubrovskaya M.I. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sarkisyan H.A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: February 2025

Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a rare disorder with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. It is characterized by severe secretory diarrhea in newborns associated with heterogeneous mutations in the myosin Vb (MYO5B) gene, syntaxin 3 (STX3) or syntaxin-binding protein 2 (STXBP2) genes involved in intracellular trafficking. Mutations in these genes result in defects in enterocyte polarity and reduced intestinal absorptive area: villus atrophy, reduced expression of brush border proteins with accumulation of secretory granules in enterocytes. The clinical presentation of disease includes severe secretory diarrhea and malabsorption syndrome, leading to weight loss and electrolyte imbalance followed by metabolic decompensation within a few days. The diagnosis of MVID is based on the detection of varying degrees of villus atrophy and characteristic microvillus inclusions in the cytoplasm of enterocytes during the examination of small intestinal biopsy specimens. There is currently no etiotropic therapy for MVID. Patients with congenital microvillus atrophy require total parenteral nutrition or intestinal transplantation.
Key words: congenital diarrhea, microvillus inclusion disease, microvillus atrophy, MVID, MYO5B, STX3, STXBP2, intestinal transplantation, parenteral nutrition
Correction of Amplitude and Phase Errors of the Signal in Microprocessor Automation and Relay Protection Systems when Frequency Changes
Authors: Romaniuk F. A. , Rumiantsev Yu. V. , Rumiantsev V. Yu.
Published: February 2025

In microprocessor automation and relay protection systems, amplitude (effective) values and phase shifts of input signals are widely used as controlled parameters of electrical quantities. In most cases, they are determined by samples of one or two orthogonal components of the main harmony of these signals. In existing microprocessor systems, non-recursive digital Fourier filters are mainly used to form them. At a nominal frequency in the power system, the orthogonal components highlighted by these filters do not introduce additional errors into the amplitudes and phase shifts determined by them. In modes with frequency deviation from the nominal value, the number of input signal samples per period becomes a fractional number, and sampling turns into asynchronous one. For this reason, corresponding errors appear in the amplitude and phase of the signal. The main issue of their correction is the direct or indirect estimation of frequency. In this article, an indirect estimation of the instantaneous frequency is realized by the dynamic cosine of the angle of one sample, which is calculated from three adjacent numerical values of the cosine orthogonal component of the signal. The use of instantaneous frequency information in determining amplitudes and phase shifts allows for full correction of the corresponding errors. It should be noted, however, that in transient modes, due to the influence of various factors, the dynamic cosine is determined with large errors. This makes it impractical to correct amplitude and phase errors in these modes, limiting its use only to steady-state modes. For these modes, a functional algorithm for correcting the amplitude and phase errors of signals in microprocessor automation and relay protection systems when the frequency deviates from the nominal one is proposed and investigated. The results of the performed investigations showed that the developed correction algorithm provides almost complete elimination of the manifestation of amplitude and phase errors in steady-state modes in the frequency range of 47–52 Hz.
Laser Cleaning of Silver Coin Surfaces
Authors: Feodortsau R V. , Gorbach D. V. , Lukashov D. E. , Talaykovskaya Yu. Yu.
Published: February 2025

An analysis has been made of the reasons for the formation  of internal and external corrosion of silver coins, which are based on copper (23–70 %) and iron (11 %) impurities of varying concentrations depending on the rank and denomination. Existing chemical cleaning methods using acids and salts are mainly effective in removing thin oxide films and can lead to destruction of the internal structure of coins. Experimental studies were conducted on two silvrt coins with a face value of 20 kopecks; their metal alloy: 50 % silver and 50 % copper in the original VF (Very Fine) rating condition with films of 0.1 to 0.5 mm thickness made of silver carbonate Ag2CO3, argentite Ag2S, and silver oxide Ag2O. A Wattsan FL TT laser marker with an IPG ytterbium fiber emitter (operating wavelength 1064 nm, output power 15.5 W) was used for cleaning. The EzCAD 2.14 software was used to control the parameters for moving the laser marker beam. The optimal parameters for processing silver coins are: speed of 5000 mm/s; the pulse repetition frequency of 200 kHz and the step between the processing lines of 0.01 mm, which ensures a two-fold overlap of the processing radiation along the x-axis and a five-fold overlap along the y-axis. In this case, for greater uniformity of the effect of laser radiation on the surface, it is advisable to carry out processing in several passes with alternating directions. The best surface quality was obtained with a total of 6 passes: 3 of which were parallel to the base axis х, 3 were at an angle of 45°.  A visual assessment of the coin surface quality during cleaning  process was carried out using a portable digital USB microscope GUANMOU AN104/F210 at 50x magnification. The quality of the formed mirror surface was assessed by measuring the reflection coefficient on the obverse side in the visible spectral range on a Photon RT Essentoptics spectrophotometer. The use of a laser cleaning method for silver coins has improved their condition from the original VF (Very Fine) to XF or EF (Extremely fine), and in combination with final polishing (Fluoropol M with a grain size of 0.6÷0.8 μm in a solution of Glycerin C3H8O3) to the UNC (Uncirculated) condition, which is confirmed by a significant increase of 4–6 times in the reflection coefficient of the mirror surface.
Plan de negocio para la producción y comercialización de ropa elaborada con tela de fibra de bambú para bebés y niños de 0 a 5 años en Lima Moderna
Authors:   , Chuquillanqui Anci Julia Alexandra , Sucantaipe Contreras Jenifer , Felipe Horna Katherin del Rosario , Aguilar Yupanqui Jessica Judith
Published: February 2025

El presente plan de negocios se elaboró con el fin de verificar si la empresa Baby Bambú S.A.C. es viable, y que tiene como finalidad la producción y comercialización de ropa elaborada con tela de fibra de bambú para bebes y niños de 0 a 5 años en Lima moderna, y en donde se muestra las oportunidades y fortalezas del estudio y de desarrollo comprobadas dentro del análisis del macroentorno, y ratificando sus fortalezas a través del análisis del microentorno.
El estudio de mercado muestra que la marca Baby Bambú S.A.C. se dirige a un público selecto que busca no solo calidad y confort, sino que se encuentran abiertos a utilizar productos que brinden beneficios adicionales a los que ya se conocen dentro del mercado. Al tratarse de un producto innovador respecto a la confección de prendas ecológicas para bebes y niños dentro del mercado nacional, el proyecto se convierte en una nueva opción de competitividad y mejora empresarial con sostenibilidad en el tiempo.
El plan de operaciones muestra el análisis que permitió generar estrategias de mejora en tiempos respecto a los procesos de producción, en donde se aplicará el sistema EOQ (Economic order quantity) o modelo de Wilson para gestionar de manera eficiente el inventario de la empresa.
Finalmente, con la elaboración del Plan Financiero se pudo conocer la viabilidad del proyecto en donde como resultado se muestra un retorno de la inversión para el año quinto de operaciones y se obtiene un TIR de 21%, lo cual confirma la viabilidad del proyecto a través de una serie de procedimientos financieros que a modo de indicadores y ratios permitieron medir y comprobar los resultados del proyecto.
Factores asociados al abandono de lactancia materna exclusiva en madres lactantes: un estudio transversal
Authors:   , Miranda Rimachi Rocio Emperatriz
Published: February 2025

Introducción: El abandono de lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) se convierte en una problemática global que influye en el crecimiento del infante dentro de los primeros 6 meses de edad por lo que el Perú no es ajeno a esta adversidad. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva en madres lactantes que se atienden en el Centro Materno Infantil “San José” de Villa El Salvador. Métodos: El estudio desarrolló el método cuantitativo, diseño de corte transversal analítico, cuya población muestral estuvo conformada por 151 madres lactantes que acudieron al consultorio de Crecimiento y Desarrollo del Centro Materno Infantil “San José”, de Villa El Salvador durante los meses de enero a junio del 2024, quienes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y a través de una encuesta respondieron el cuestionario elaborado. Resultados: Las variables evaluadas como la edad, el 50.9% de madres lactantes tenía edades entre 21 a 30 años; el 27.2% tiene actividad laboral; presencia de enfermedad del niño; 24.5% parto por cesárea y 40.9% tuvo una experiencia regular de lactancia materna fueron factores de riesgo al abandono de lactancia materna exclusiva. Después de 6 meses, solamente el 27.2% de madres mantuvieron la lactancia materna exclusiva. Conclusiones: Se encontró un porcentaje alto de abandono de lactancia materna exclusiva en la muestra. Las variables edad, la actividad laboral, presencia de enfermedad del niño, parto por cesárea y tener una experiencia regular de lactancia materna fueron factores de riesgo al abandono de lactancia materna exclusiva.
Localización anatómica del foramen mentoniano y mandibular en radiografías panorámicas de niños peruanos con dentición decidua y mixta
Authors:   , Balarezo Garcia Dina Isabel
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Determinar las localizaciones anatómicas del foramen mentoniano (FMe) y mandibular (FMa) en dentición decidua y mixta, en pacientes atendidos en un centro radiológico de Lima. Método: Estudio retrospectivo que incluyó una muestra de 310 radiografías panorámicas digitales de niños (159 mujeres y 150 varones) de 3 a 13 años. El FMe se midió con relación al borde inferior de la mandíbula, la cresta ósea alveolar y la línea media. El FMa se midió con relación al plano oclusal, el borde anterior de la rama mandibular y a la cara distal del diente erupcionado más posterior. Las pruebas de U de Mann-Whitney y H de Kruskal-Wallis se utilizaron con un nivel de significancia menor a 0,05. Resultados: El promedio del FMe de medidas verticales fue 19,68 mm (derecho) y 19,89 mm (izquierdo), y de medidas horizontales fue 35,34 mm (derecho) y 34,99 mm (izquierdo). El promedio del FMa de medidas verticales fue 2,77 mm (derecho) y 3,26 mm (izquierdo), y de medidas horizontales fue 19,07 mm (derecho) y 18,88 mm (izquierdo). Promedios más altos de FMe se asociaron a estadios avanzados de desarrollo dentario (vertical/horizontal) y al sexo femenino (vertical) (p < 0,032). Promedios más altos de FMa se asociaron a estadios avanzados de desarrollo dentario (vertical) (p < 0,001). Conclusión: Las ubicaciones anatómicas del FMe y FMa de niños con dentición decidua y mixta, evaluadas mediante las radiografías panorámicas, presentaron variabilidad, con una mayor asociación con el desarrollo dentario que con el sexo del niño. Relevancia clínica: La variación en la posición de ambos forámenes resulta crucial para guiar procedimientos precisos de anestesia local y bloqueos nerviosos.