bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KRITIK TERHADAP PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 36/PUU-X/2012
Authors: Butt Simon , Siregar Fritz Edward
Published: August 2023

This article discusses the Constitutional Court Judgment No. 36/PUU-X/2012. In this judgment, the majority of the Justices decided that the 1945 Constitution requires the State to exercise direct control over the upstream oil and gas activities. We will criticise the Justices’ deliberation that underlies the decision. The Court failed to shed light on questions pertaining to the legal rationale for ‘five activities’ doctrine that form the framework of ‘State control’ per Article 33 (3) of the Constitution and to the procedures in determining the priority ranking. In addition, the majority Justices are deemed to have left the question of whether the State is able to manage oil and gas industry unanswered. We will also describe how this judgment might result in the declining interest of foreign investors to invest in Indonesia, particularly inthe field of exploration and exploitation of natural resources. Artikel ini membahas Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 36/PUU-X/2012. Dalam putusan tersebut, mayoritas Hakim Konstitusi memutus bahwa UUD NRI Tahun 1945 mensyaratkan Negara secara langsungmenguasai kegiatan hulu Migas. Diuraikan kritik terhadap pertimbangan hukum dari putusan, yakni kelalaian Mahkamah tidak menjelaskan dari mana asal ‘lima kegiatan’ sebagai komponen ‘penguasaan negara’ dalam Pasal 33(3) UUD NRI Tahun 1945, bagaimana menentukan prioritas rangkingnya, dan perihal mayoritas Hakim Konstitusi yang tidak menentukan apakah Negara mampu mengelola industri Migas. Selain itu, diuraikan pula bahwa putusan tersebut berpotensi mengurangi ketertarikan investor asing untuk menanam modalnya di Indonesia, khususnya di bidang eksplorasi dan eksploitasi sumberdaya alam.
MASALAH KEADILAN PELAKSANAAN KEWAJIBAN VIRUS SHARING DALAM SISTEM IHR
Authors: Tjitrawati Aktieva Tri
Published: August 2023

The implementation of obligations under GISN is considered very unfair by the Government of Indonesia, so the Government stated that it is necessary to halt the delivery of sample virus to WHO until some provisions related to virus sharing and vaccine benefits are amended. In the perception of the Government, this unfair situation is a result of injustice mechanism under the GISN and IHR. New concepts are required to make changes to realize the global influenza disease surveillance system is more fair, equitable, transparent. Pelaksanaan kewajiban virus sharing dalam GISN dianggap sangat tidak adil oleh Pemerintah Indonesia, sehingga perlu diambil langkah penghentian pengiriman sample virus sampai ada perubahan oleh WHO terhadap ketentuan mengenai virus sharing dan vaccine benefits. Persepsi mengenai kerugian yang dialami oleh Pemerintah Indonesia itu merupakan wujud dari ketidakadilan yang terjadi dalam sistem GISN dan IHR. Diperlukan konsep-konsep baru untuk melakukan perubahan untuk mewujudkan sistem pencegahan penularan penyakit influenza global yang lebih berkesetaraan, transparan dan adil.
PUBLIC POLICY VIOLATION UNDER NEW YORK CONVENTION
Authors: Kristy Michelle Ayu Chinta , Jing Zhengzheng
Published: August 2023

The increasing number of the use of arbitration in Asia has highlighted the significant influence of the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards. The New York Convention currently becomes the most widely accepted convention to which the courts would refer when recognizing and enforcing foreign arbitral awards. This article would firstly provide a comparative study of the court’s interpretation towards public policy as mentioned under Article V (2) b of the New York Convention between non-arbitration-friendly-law Indonesia and arbitration-friendly-law China. Subsequently, it will discuss whether uniformity in interpreting and reserving public policy is required or not. Peningkatan jumlah penggunaan lembaga arbitrasi di Asia mendorong peningkatan signifikansi pengakuan dan pelaksanaan putusan arbitrasi asing. Konvensi New York saat ini menjadi konvensi yang diterima secara luas dimana dijadikan referensi oleh pengadilan dalam hal pengakuan dan pelaksanaan putusan arbitrasi asing. Artikel ini akan pertama-tama membahas studi perbandingan atas interpretasi pengadilan mengenai penggunaan kebijakan publik sebagaimana tertera pada Pasal V (2) b Konvensi New York antara Indonesia yang hukumnya tidak mendukung dan China dengan hukum yang mendukung pengakuan dan pelaksanaan putusan arbitrasi asing. Apakah keseragaman antar negara dalam menginterpretasi dan menggunakan kebijakan publik diperlukan atau tidak dibahas pada diskusi selanjutnya.
KAJIAN PENGUATAN KOMUNITAS INTELIJEN DAERAH
Authors: Armawi Armaidy
Published: August 2023

This study aims to disect Presidential Instruction No. 2 of 2002 and the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 11 of 2006 by employing hermeneutic-juridical approach where we performed textual analysis of ‘legal aspirations’ and put it in the context of contemporary condition. We think fortification of the Local Intelligence Community must be attempted. Optimal coordination among Kominda members and coordination between security personnel and common society in responding to threats might affect the stability of local security. Synergic steps among several Kominda members are needed to improve their performance and strengthen the institution. Improvement of performance as well as reinforcement of Kominda members is needed to instill the sense of intelligence. Kajian ini bertujuan menelaah Instruksi Presiden Nomor 5 Tahun 2002 dan Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri No. 11 Tahun 2006 dalam rangka penguatan Komunitas Intelijen Daerah. Dalam kajian ini digunakan metode hermeneutik yuridis. Menafsirkan ”kehendak hukum” terhadap makna teks dalam konteks suasana kekinian. Optimalisasi koordinasi di antara anggota Kominda dan adanya kerjasama yang baik antara masyarakat dan aparat keamanan dalam mengantisipasi ancaman, akan membawa dampak pada stabilitas keamanan daerah. Diperlukan langkah yang sinergis dari beberapa anggota Kominda untuk dapat memperbaiki kinerja dan penguatan institusi. Perbaikan kinerja dan penguatan anggota Kominda perlu dilakukan agar memiliki sense of intelligence.
STATUS HUKUM ASET PERUSAHAAN NEGARA DALAM HUKUM INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Sefriani Mrs.
Published: August 2023

The immunity of state’s assets is one of the reason why it has not been easy for private companies to retrieve remedy in foreign disputes. Principles of international law has regulated that a state’s asset have immunity unless agreed upon by the state itself. Up until today, there has been no uniformity in determining the status of a state’s assets. The legal entity, the government’s intervention towards company policies, the nature of the transactions, also the asset’s purpose are crucial factors which influence the legal status of the assets in determining whether the assets could be executed or not. Tidak mudah bagi pihak swasta yang menang dalam suatu sengketa dengan perusahaan negara asing untuk mendapatkan ganti rugi. Imunitas aset negara menjadi salah satu hambatannya. Prinsip hukum internasional menetapkan bahwa aset negara adalah imun kecuali atas persetujuan dalam bentuk tertulis oleh negara yang bersangkutan. Sampai saat ini tidak ada keseragaman dalam pengaturan status hukum aset perusahaan negara. Namun demikian, bentuk badan hukum, campur tangan pemerintah dalam kebijakan perusahaan, sifat transaksi, peruntukan aset menjadi faktor-faktor yang akan mempengaruhi status hukum aset perusahaan negara sehingga dapat memutuskan apakah aset itu dapat dieksekusi atau tidak.
STEM CELL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ITS PROTECTION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Utomo Tomi Suryo
Published: August 2023

This research discusses the possibility of patenting stem cells under the Indonesian patent law by focusing on two essential issues: (a) what approaches should be chosen by the Indonesian government to protect stem cell research under the Indonesian Patent Act and non-patent regulations? and (b) what types of stem cells can be protected under the Indonesian Patent Act? In order to provide comparative perspectives, this paper discusses the experience and policies of the US, German and South Korean governments in protecting stem cell research under their patent acts. Penelitian ini mendiskusikan kemungkinan mematenkan sel punca dalam hukum paten di Indonesia dengan memfokuskan pada dua isu pokok: (a) Pendekatan apa yang sebaiknya dipilih oleh pemerintahan Indonesia untuk melindungi penelitian sel punca dalam hukum paten Indonesia dan peraturan non paten? (b) Tipe sel punca apa yang dapat dilindungi dalam hukum paten Indonesia? Untuk mencakupi pendekatan melalui perbandingan dengan luar negeri, penelitian ini membahas pengalaman dan kebijakan di pemerintahan AS, Jerman, dan Korea Selatan dalam melindungi penelitan sel punca dalam hukum paten masing-masing negara.
KONSEKUENSI PEMBATALAN UNDANG-UNDANG RATIFIKASI TERHADAP KETERIKATAN PEMERINTAH INDONESIA PADA PERJANJIAN INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Ant.T.T. Andi Sandi , Merdekawati Agustina
Published: August 2023

This research aims to analyse the legal consequences of the repeal of a ratification act by the Constitutional Court in relation with the Indonesian Government’s participation in the ratified or acceded international treaty. This normative legal research employs a collaborative method in data collecting process, viz. literature research to collect secondary data and field research to equip and support the data collected from literature research. The data is analysed using a qualitative descriptive method. We find that there is no correlation between the repeal of a ratification act and the participation of Indonesia in the international forum initiated by the repealed act. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsekuensi hukum atas pembatalan undang-undang ratifikasi perjanjian internasional oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi terhadap keikutsertaan Indonesia dalam suatu perjanjian internasional yang telah diratifikasi maupun diaksesi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kolaboratif antara metode penelitian kepustakaan (literature research) yang dilakukan untuk memperoleh data sekunder di bidang hukum dan penelitian lapangan (field research) yang dilakukan untuk melengkapi sekaligus menunjang data kepustakaan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembatalan undang-undang ratifikasi perjanjian internasional tidak memiliki korelasi langsung dengan keterikatan Indonesia dalam perjanjian internasional yang dibatalkan tersebut.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM kreditur SEPARATIS DALAM KEPAILITAN
Authors: Sularto Mr.
Published: August 2023

The discharging of one’s debt by bankruptcy aims to provide creditors with fair distribution of assets. However, for secured creditors, (those holding mortgage rights, fiduciary collateral, and other in rem security rights) provisions concerning stay of execution and limited foreclosure time are not consistent with securities law, hence jeopardizing their interests. This article arrives into a conclusion that several adjustments need to be made by amending the existing statutory regulations and by stipulating a Government Regulation, in order to ensure legal certainty on whether the right of secured creditors to foreclose exists. Penyelesaian utang melalui lembaga kepailitan dimaksudkan untuk mendapatkan pembagian yang adil bagi para kreditur. Namun bagi kreditur separatis (pemegang gadai, jaminan fidusia, hak tanggungan, hipotek dan agunan kebendaan lainnya), adanya ketentuan penangguhan eksekusi dan pembatasan jangka waktu eksekusi jaminan dalam UU Kepailitan kurang selaras dengan ketentuan hukum jaminan, sehingga berpotensi merugikan kreditur separatis. Dalam pembahasan tulisan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlu dilakukan suatu penyesuaian baik melalui revisi undang-undang maupun dengan Peraturan Pemerintah, sehingga dapat memberikan kepastian hukum mengenai ada atau tidak adanya hak eksekusi kreditur separatis.
EFEKTIVITAS PENEGAKAN HUKUM PENGHAPUSAN KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Ni’mah Zulfatun
Published: August 2023

This paper examines the effectiveness of law enforcement on Domestic Violence in Indonesia from a sociological perspective. Soerjono Soekanto believes that the effectiveness of law enforcement is determined by a number of factor, i.e. law enforcers, facilities, legal awareness, legal norms, and legal culture. Sociological perspectives was chosen because law enforcement is an effort to implement the law in a society that necessitates the interaction between the law as a normative provisions with elements in society, such as values and morals. In Indonesia, the law on domestic violence, which has been crystallised by the enactment of Act Nr. 20 of 2003, has not been able to be effectively enforced to ensure protection for victims of domestic violence. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efektivitas penegakan hukum tentang kekerasan dalam rumah tangga di Indonesia dari perspektif sosiologis. Soerjono Soekanto mengatakan bahwa efektif atau tidaknya penegakan hukum dalam masyarakat ditentukan oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu aparat hukum, fasilitas hukum, kesadaran hukum, kaidah hukum, dan budaya hukum. Perspektif sosiologis dipilih dalam kajian karena penegakan hukum tidak lain adalah upaya melaksanakan hukum dalam masyarakat yang meniscayakan terjadinya interaksi antara hukum sebagai ketentuan normatif dengan unsur-unsur dalam masyarakat, seperti nilai, institusi, norma dan lain-lain. Hukum tentang kekerasan dalam rumah tangga yang diberlakukan melalui Undang-Undang No. 20 Tahun 2003 hingga saat ini belum sepenuhnya
PERLUNYA MENANAMKAN BUDAYA ANTIKORUPSI DALAM DIRI ANAK SEJAK USIA DINI
Authors: Sulastri Indang
Published: August 2023

Corruption in Indonesia is very difficult to eradicate because it is entrenched, both in the legislative, executive, and judicial systems. Therefore, installing anti-corruption culture to children from their early age is necessary, because children are our young successors and leaders. If anti-corruption behaviour has been entrenched within all law enforcement agencies and society, it is hoped that the habit of committing bribery would disappear. The saying “to clean the floor with a dirty broom” to illustrate corruption eradication efforts in Indonesia would then vanish. Korupsi di Indonesia begitu sulit diberantas karena sudah sangat membudaya, baik di kalangan lembaga legislatif, eksekutif, maupun yudikatif. Oleh sebab itu, menanamkan budaya antikorupsi dalam diri anak sejak usia dini menjadi hal yang sangat diperlukan, karena anak akan menjadi penerus estafet kepemimpinan. Apabila budaya antikorupsi tersebut sudah terpatri di dalam diri seluruh aparat penegak hukum dan seluruh lapisan masyarakat, maka budaya suap-menyuap yang merupakan salah satu bentuk dari tindak pidana korupsi dengan sendirinya akan menjadi tergeser bahkan sirna, sehingga tidak akan ada lagi istilah “membersihkan lantai dengan sapu yang kotor” dalam upaya pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia.
Perspektif Indonesia Mengenai Hak-Hak Asasi Anak: Refleksi Atas Undang-Undang dan Konvensi Internasional Terkait
Authors: Supriyanto Agustinus
Published: August 2023

Children’s rights are well-established through various international conventions. But, international conventions do not wellimplemented in Indonesian law. Besides that, international convention is often interpreted differently in Indonesian law. To guarantee children’s rights, the government and society of Indonesia must be effort to implement international conventions already ratified correctly.  Hak-hak anak sudah diatur dengan baik melalui berbagai konvensi internasional. Tetapi, konvensi internasional tidak diimplementasikan dengan baik dalam hukum Indonesia. Selain itu, hukum Indonesia sering menginterpretasikan hukum internasional secara berbeda. Untuk menjamin hak anak, pemerintah dan masyarakat Indonesia harus berusaha untuk mengimplementasikan konvensi internasional dengan tepat.
PENGATURAN ASURANSI KECELAKAAN JALAN DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 22 TAHUN 2009
Authors: Sulistiowati Ms.
Published: August 2023

The growth of motor vehicles ownership results to the increasing traffic accidents risk. The Compulsory Third-Party Liability Motor Vehicle Insurance attempts to deter drivers and provide financial protection for the victims. This scheme succeeds to decrease instances of auto-accidents, as indicated by the fewer claims made by the victims of auto-accidents. Peningkatan kepemilikan kendaraan bermotor meningkatkan risiko terjadinya kecelakaan lalulintas. Asuransi Kendaraan Wajib Tanggung Jawab Hukum Pihak Ketiga berfungsi menciptakan efek jera bagi penyebab kecelakaan dan jaminan ketersediaan dana ganti rugi bagi korban. Skema ini dapat menurunkan jumlah kecelakaan maupun fatalitas dan korban kecelakaan, sebagaimana ditunjukkan dari adanya penurunan klaim korban kecelakaan jalan.
PEMBERIAN REMISI TERHADAP NARAPIDANA KORUPTOR DAN TERORIS
Authors: Simarmata Berlian
Published: August 2023

Having been qualified as extraordinary crimes, punishment against corruption and terrorism crimes should be severe and maximum. The Indonesian correctional system recognises remission as prisoner’s rights. The retaliation/deterrent theory has been abandoned and forgotten in many countries, including Indonesia, for it is deemed to be contravening humanity values. Penghukuman terhadap tindak pidana korupsi dan terorisme sebagai extraordinary crime, seharusnya dilakukan penjatuhan hukuman maksimum. Sistem pemasyarakatan di Indonesia menempatkan remisi menjadi hak semua narapidana. Teori absolut (pembalasan/penjeraan) sudah lama ditinggalkan negara-negara di dunia, termasuk Indonesia, karena dianggap tidak sesuai dengan perikemanusiaan.
PERAMBAHAN KAWASAN HUTAN PADA KONSERVASI TAMAN NASIONAL (STUDI KASUS TAMAN NASIONAL TESSO NILO, RIAU)
Authors: Diantoro Totok Dwi
Published: August 2023

By 2006, Indonesia has confirmed at least 50 national parks. Tesso Nilo National Park which was established in 2004 suffered encroachment of forest areas through land use conversion. Until 2009, it has degraded more than 30% of the national park. There should be a comprehensive choice of settlement mechanism. Hingga tahun 2006, Indonesia setidaknya telah mengukuhkan 50 taman nasional. Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo yang dikukuhkan pada tahun 2004 mengalami perambahan kawasan hutan melalui konversi peruntukan lahan. Hingga tahun 2009 setidaknya telah mendegradasi lebih dari 30% luas kawasan taman nasional. Harus ada pilihan mekanisme penyelesaian yang komprehensif.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TENTAN G BADAN HAM ASEAN DALAM SISTEM HUKUM NASIONAL INDONESIA
Authors: Triyana Heribertus Jaka
Published: August 2023

The AICHR seems to fail to contribute positively in enforcing protection, fulfillment, and implementation of human rights at national level since its terms of references and structural composition differs from the commonly-recognised regional institutions. Legal gaps, legal vacuum, legal overlapping and conflicts of authorities with national authorities are indicators that hinder its future works. Kemampuan AICHR dalam menjamin perlindungan, pemenuhan dan pemajuan hak asasi manusia di level nasional diragukan karena kewenangan AICHR yang limitatif dan tidak mengikuti pakem seperti yang dimiliki oleh komisi HAM di Eropa dan Afrika. Ketimpangan hukum, kekosongan hukum, tumpang-tindih aturan, dan konflik kewenangan dengan otoritas nasional menjadi faktor penghambat pelaksanaan kewenangan AICHR.
TANAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT ILMU HUKUM
Authors: Sembiring Julius
Published: August 2023

This article overviews the values that underlie land control and ownership regulations. There are three value systems: communal, individual and Islam. Indonesia develops communal system by still accommodating individual system perspective. However, Indonesia is trapped into liberalism/capitalism idea in which land is seen as commodity. Tulisan ini mengkaji tata nilai yang melandasi sistem pengaturan penguasaan dan pemilikan tanah. Secara universal, terdapat tiga sistem tata nilai yaitu komunalistik, individualistik dan Islam. Indonesia mengembangkan tata nilai berbasis komunalistik namun memberi tempat pada individualistik. Meskipun demikian, ternyata saat ini Indonesia terjebak dalam sistem liberalisme/kapitalisme.
KEBIJAKAN PERTANAHAN PADA ERA OTONOMI DAERAH DI BIDANG HAK GUNA USAHA PERKEBUNAN
Authors: Suhariningsih Mrs.
Published: August 2023

Land policy in the right to cultivate (plantations) should be reorganized, because the politics of economic development law in the reformation era seems to favour free market. Therefore, agrarian reform is needed to create a balance of interests between holders of land tenure’s right to cultivate (plantation) and popular interests. Kebijakan pertanahan di bidang Hak Guna Usaha (HGU Perkebunan) perlu ditata kembali, mengingat politik hukum pembangunan ekonomi di era reformasi mengarah pada pasar bebas. Oleh karena itu, reforma agraria diperlukan untuk menciptakan keseimbangan kepentingan struktur penguasaan tanah antara pemegang HGU Perkebunan dengan kepentingan rakyat.
PEMBUKTIAN PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA LINGKUNGAN DAN KORUPSI KORPORASI DI INDONESIA DAN SINGAPURA
Authors: Sudirman Lu , Feronica Mrs.
Published: August 2023

Since 1951 corporation has been a subject of criminal law in Indonesia, indicating that corporations can be held criminally accountable. Yet until 2010 there has only been one case that names a corporation as defendant, and there has never been a case where the corporation must serve as a convict. Sejak tahun 1951 korporasi telah dijadikan sebagai salah satu subjek hukum pidana di Indonesia, yang berarti korporasi dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban pidana. Namun hingga tahun 2010 baru satu kasus yang menyertakan korporasi sebagai terdakwa, dan belum pernah ada korporasi yang berhasil dijadikan sebagai terpidana.
PERANAN PAJAK PEMANFAATAN DAN PENGAMBILAN AIR BAWAH TANAH TERHADAP KONSERVASI AIR TANAH
Authors: Widowati Dyah Ayu , Ikasari Irine Handika
Published: August 2023

This study examines the role of groundwater conservation tax in Bantul regency. We will analyse the enforcement of groundwater conservation in Bantul and what role that the tax serves for the conservation policy. The study will also discuss the allocation of taxation revenue for the continuation of Bantul groundwater conservation. Penelitian ini menguji peran pajak air bawah tanah air konservasi di Kabupaten Bantul, yaitu pelaksanaan konservasi air bawah tanah di Bantul dan apa peran yang diberikan dari pajak air pada konservasi air bawah tanah dan berapa banyak hasil pajak air dialokasikan untuk program konservasi air bawah tanah di Kabupaten Bantul.
Upaya Kodifikasi Hukum Kewarisan secara Bilateral dengan Pola Diferensiasi dalam Masyarakat Pluralis
Authors: Nuzul Andi
Published: August 2023

The currently applicable inheritance law in Indonesia is pluralistic in nature since it is formed collectively by adat, Islamic, and western legal systems; not to mention the diverse custom, ethnicity, and belief. Hence, codification of bilateral inheritance law that could address differences in our inheritance and kinship system is needed. Hukum kewarisan yang berlaku di Indonesia saat ini bersifat pluralistis karena disusun bersama-sama oleh hukum adat, Islam, dan Barat serta dilatarbelakangi oleh keanekaragaman adat, etnis, dan agama. Oleh karenanya, diperlukan kodifikasi hukum kewarisan secara bilateral dan bersifat diferensiasi untuk mengakomodasi pluralitas hukum kewarisan dan sistem kekerabatan yang ada di Indonesia.
Penerapan Prinsip Hakim Pasif dan Aktif Serta Relevansinya terhadap Konsep Kebenaran Formal
Authors: Wijayanta Tata , Aristya Sandra Dini Febri , Basuki Kunthoro , Herliana Ms. , Halili Hasrul , Sutanto RB. , Supartinah Retno
Published: August 2023

The conception of “formal truth” in civil procedure is about to become a debate among academicians and practitioners because it is deemed no longer relevant to achieve justice. Modern paradigm begins to consider that this concept should be given similar interpretation with material truth theory adhered by criminal procedure. Konsep kebenaran formal dalam acara perdata mulai menjadi perdebatan di antara para akademisi dan praktisi karena dianggap sudah tidak lagi relevan dan jauh dari rasa keadilan. Paradigma saat ini mesti mulai mempertimbangkan bahwa konsep kebenaran formal harus diberi pengertian yang sama dengan konsep kebenaran material dalam acara pidana.
Eksistensi Polluter Pays Principle dalam Pengaturan Hukum Lingkungan di Indonesia
Authors: Muhdar Muhamad
Published: August 2023

Polluter- Pays Principle (PPP) was initially known as economic instrument to maintain the balance between natural resources exploitation and economic activities. In its further development, PPP was defined as basic instrument of legal responsibility. In Indonesian legal perspective, PPP was not arranged adequately, either in its basic level of law arrangement or in its definition subsisted in court’s verdicts, including its clear existence in legal system. However, the principle has become reference in practical level, especially in the settlement of environmental pollution cases. For Indonesia, the position of this principle was supposed to be defined in accordance with its purposes of formulation by applying economic instruments, such as charge for guarantee fund, environmental tax, as well as charge for environmental service. In legal perspective, the principle was not relevant to be used as the basis for legal responsibility, including cannot be understood as an excuse for polluting.
Pengaturan Tanah Baluwarti sebagai Kawasan Cagar Budaya yang Berbasis Budaya Hukum Jawa
Authors: Karjoko Lego
Published: August 2023

The aim of this research is to describe the regulation of Baluwarti land. As agreement between Surakarta government, Baluwarti society and keraton Surakarta relatives about the meaning of keraton Surakarta and the property of Baluwarti land. This research uses quality method with socio-legal study approach. The data consist if primary and secondary sort. The sources of the first data are keraton Surakarta relatives, the apparatus of Surakarta government and Baluwarti society, while the second are public and personeal data and the legally data. There were two ways to teke the primary data, namely observation and interview. Secondary had been gathered through library study, analysis of document, archives, primary and secondary legal data. Trianggulation method had been used to check the validity of data. The analysist consist of three ways used in the same moment, namely data reduction, data serve and verification. The interpretation had been used to understand the meaning of the information and the relation among it. The composition of the meaning relation depents on the thougt frame of the informant. As result of the discussion of this research is the harmonious opinion between Surakarta gavernment, Baluwarti society and keraton Surakarta reltives thet keraton Surakarta is the adat institution. It is also the guardian of Javanese culture and the tourism destinatiun. Each of them uses legal culture of Javanese as their frame of opinion. The opinion of part of keraton Surakarta relatives that keraton Surakarta is the governance center can’t be received. Such opinion isn’t compatable with the aspiration of Surakarta government and Baluwarti society. It is also able to cause the social violetry. There is a different opinion between keraton Surakarta relatives, government of Surakarta and Baluwarti society about the meaning of property of Baluwarti land. According to Baluwarti society and Surakarta government, Baluwarti land is the state property. On the other side, as for keraton Surakarta relatives, Baluwarti land is Sinuhun property delegated to Parentah Keraton Surakarta. But actually the three sides have the same interest. All of them hope that the existention of keraton Surakarta can give them economic constribution. The same interest is the foudation of the regulation of Baluwarti society as the cultural guardian. The source of Baluwarti land is the nation property, while Surakarta government regulates the relation between Sri Susuhunan and keraton relatives, person and corporation with Baluwarti land. The owner of Baluwarti property is Sri Susuhunan as the chief of keraton Surakarta relatives.
Kegiatan Yayasan Setelah Berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2001 tentang Yayasan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Sularto Mr.
Published: August 2023

This research is meant to examine the foundations activities, especially the ones concerning with the implementation of the adjustment of the foundation’s statutes and their constraints as well as their entries which are in accordance with the aims and purposes of the foundations as written in the statutes. The answers of the problems were taken from the library and field research. The library research was done by perusing primary, secondary, and tertiary law materials with documents as their instruments. The field research was conducted by distributing questionnaire to the staff of the foundations and interviewing Notaries as the resource persons. After the research was done and conclusion was taken, it was founded that; the adjustment of the statutes of foundations has only been implemented by 27% of the respondents. The constraints of the adjustments of statutes of the foundations include the internal constraints, covering: the poor understanding upon the statutes, financial matters, the reluctance of the committee to the adjustments they should make, and the external constraints, which include the incomplete regulations, and the poor support from the involved parties. The foundations which establish Universities and Hospitals, or which hold Art Performing do not comply with Article 3 about foundation; whereas Foundations which run enterprises as indicated by Chapter 3 jo. Chapter 8 of the statutes of the foundations does not exceed 33.33 %.
Pengecualian terhadap Penerapan Asas Ultra Petitum Partium dalam Beracara di Pengadilan Agama
Authors: Hartini Mrs.
Published: August 2023

A judge must examine and adjudicate all charges thoroughly on the lawsuit brought to the court. The judge should not only examine and adjudicate part of the charge and disregard the rest. On the other hand, judge in his/her adjudication is prohibited to accede above the suit brought by the parties. This prohibition is called ultra petitum partium. A judge who accedes in excess of the suit partium is considered to be exceeding his/her authority. In Religious Court proceedings, the implementation of ultra petitum partium principle is an exception in several types of cases. In the procedure of divorce (cerai talak), a judge may grant something not demanded by wife either in the petition of divorce or in the reconvention by charging certain obligations upon the husband, which is the wife’s right as the consequence of the separation. In the procedure of divorce, judge may order a preliminary injunction even if such injunction is not demanded. The argument that justifies the judge’s action is the Marriage Act and the procedural law in the Act on Religious Court is a lex specialis stipulation, judge as judge made law must dig into the values of life, and the judge may execute contra legem action if the stipulation in an article considered to be in contradiction with justice and benefit.
Problems and Progress in Defining Terrorism in International Law
Authors: Galingging Ridarson
Published: August 2023

There is an effort to adopt an internationally-accepted legal definition for ‘terrorism’ since such definition will enhance international cooperation in fighting terrorism, which at the moment is fragmented and ineffective. However, various obstacles e.g. political heterogeneity or ideological discrepancy arise when seeking a uniformed definition of terrorism, hence this study. Dunia internasional berupaya untuk menetapkan definisi legal ‘terorisme’ yang diterima secara umum karena definisi ini dapat meningkatkan kerjasama internasional dalam melawan terorisme yang saat ini masih terkotak-kotak dan tidak efektif. Tulisan ini membahas pelbagai kesulitan yang muncul dalam upaya mencari definisi tersebut, seperti masalah keragaman politik dan kesenjangan ideologi antarnegara.
The Pharmaceutical Patent Protection Impact on Indonesia Drugs Price
Authors: Utomo Tomi Suryo
Published: August 2023

This paper examines the pharmaceutical patent protection impact on Indonesian drugs price. As patent owner, companies could set high price for their drugs. However, such condition limits the access of the poor from patented drugs. Therefore, balance between patent protection, public welfare, and compliance to TRIPs agreement must be ensured. Penelitian ini membahas dampak paten produk-produk farmasi terhadap harga obat di Indonesia. Sebagai pemegang hak paten, perusahaan farmasi dapat menetapkan harga yang tinggi. Namun, kondisi ini membatasi akses masyarakat miskin untuk memperoleh obat yang terpatenkan. Dengan demikian, harus ada keseimbangan antara perlindungan hak paten, kesejahteraan masyarakat, dan kepatuhan terhadap TRIPs.
PENATAAN RUANG LAUT BERDASARKAN INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT
Authors: Sunyowati Dina
Published: August 2023

The planning of coastal spatial arrangement must be put in the valid spatial planning system. Law Number 26 of 2007 on Spatial Planning and it is in fact related with land spatial planning, although that ocean and air spatial management will be arranged in separate law. The legal for coastal zone management is determined by using the principles of integrated coastal management by focusing on area or zone authority system. The integrated of coastal zones management regulations should be followed by the planning of coastal spatial arrange­ment. Therefore, certain synchronization at coastal zones governance is very important issue since by integrating and coordinating other related regulations and therefore conflict of norm can be minimized in the spatial planning coastal zone.
EKSISTENSI LEMBAGA BANTUAN HUKUM (LBH) DALAM MEMBERIKAN LAYANAN HUKUM KEPADA MAYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN GORONTALO
Authors: Yunus Nirwan , Djafaar Lucyana
Published: August 2023

The research about the existence legal aid institute in give to public service in Gorontalo regency is normative legal research. Guarantee to protection of human right for every people is absolute required in a state claiming to rule of law. The of legal aid institute is not only functioning assists or holds a brief for weak small people faces a law process especially jurisdiction process, but the legal aid institute to become pioneer and master mind various modernity is including law of recondition. Be hinge give service of legal aid to public lacked, the legal aid institute to have ambition for educate public in the broadest possible meaning with a purpose to grow and constructs awareness of rights as law subject. The result of research in field existence legal aid institute in Gorontalo regency to be proved less play role in law enforcement and rule of law. This thing is provable from various cases happened entangling indigent public unable to get attention compared to cases entangling man is residing. The data in field is found by many cases people indigent, has not entangled legal aid institute and or the advocates.
PENERAPAN PIDANA PEMECATAN TERHADAP ANGGOTA TENTARA NASIONAL INDONESIA SEBAGAI PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA
Authors: Supriyadi Mr.
Published: August 2023

The judge basic consideration in condemning discharge sentence can be seen from the crime which is committed by military and its effect to the name of Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI). When the crime which is committed by military gives negative effect to the norm of TNI, so it can be used as a basic consideration to give discharge sentence. Besides, it can be seen from the status of the military who committed a crime. When the military did a crime repeatedly, it can be used as a basic to give a discharge sentence. The existence of discharge sentence still need to be taken care in the future to give deterrent effect to the military. The regulation of discharge sentence in KUHPM must be separated with Civil Penal Code (KUHP) in separated codification. In the future, KUHPM has to formulize explicitly about criteria in discharge sentence application to military as an offender.
KAJIAN PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM SUMBER DAYA AIR SUNGAI DALAM PERSPEKTIF SOSIOLOGI HUKUM
Authors: Sulastriyono Mr.
Published: August 2023

Water river resource laws have functioned as a tool of development but its unbalance to give interest and justice towards all the people in Indonesia. Water use rights in the Law number 7 of 2004 is debatable and can be interpreted as a political will of the government to lead water management privatization. In the sociology of law context, study on water river resource laws is not only focus on written law but also sociocultural values in the society. The development of holistic and integrative law culture is the alternative solution concept of water river resource laws development to mobilize of religion law, adatlaw and written law accordance with their balances function.
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE AS A REFLECTION OF MARKET DEMANDS
Authors: Santoso Wahyu Yun
Published: August 2023

This paper focuses on the concept of corporate social responsibilities (CSR), particularly its implementation on environmental issues. The main question aimed to be answered is on how can environmental performance be adequately signaled to the market? It assumes by performing proper environmental performance, companies could benefit from financial incentive for future improvement and reputation benefit for the companies’ image, which eventually influence the bargaining position of companies in the market.
PROBLEMATIKA PERMOHONAN GRASI MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 22 TAHUN 2002
Authors: Utami Niken Subekti Budi
Published: August 2023

According to executor attorney opinion, no time limit for application clemency, it wills be performing deep constraint on dead punishment execution. Execution of dead punishment also constraint by rule that allows criminal to propose the second clemency application. This constraint still is added by condition that second clemency application is two years of first clemency rejection. Meanwhile according to criminal lawyer reception, with no rule upon, constitute a advantage by criminal dead, since it can propose clemency without time limit for first clemency application and also second application, so execution could be delayed. At Yogyakarta court since year 2002 until now there is no criminal propose clemencies. It is caused, firstly, certain verdict type that could be requested for clemency, secondary by apply clemency cause dead sentence is no postpone except for dead verdict, thirdly most criminal on narcotic and drug abuse case was pleased with first grade verdict.
PENGGUNAAN LEGAL STANDING ORGANISASI LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DALAM RANGKA PENEGAKAN HUKUM LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Winarni Fajar
Published: August 2023

The research results show that the implementation of the WALHI legal standing is only implemented in two cases. They are Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi and PT. Griya Perwita Asri case. The efforts of the law enforcement that have been conducted by WALHI tend to the advocacy and the awareness of the community rights toward environmental. Meanwhile, the obstacles which are faced by WALHI in implementing its legal standing are WALHI is tends to do the awareness of the community rights and advocacy than legal standing, because it is most appropriate target; the law officers are lack response to the legal standing case; the regulation is not clear yet; and the lack of the human resources. Although the implementation of the WALHI legal standing is not effective yet, but their roles in criticizing the Government policy have been giving a lot of changes through the pressures that have been done.
Laboratorio Nacional de Materiales Orales. “La construcción colectiva de un código de ética”. Tercer Congreso Internacional “Poéticas de la Oralidad”.
Authors: Gómez Mutio Ana Rosa
Published: August 2023

"En noviembre de 2021 se llevó a cabo el Tercer Congreso Internacional «Poéticas de la Oralidad», organizado por el Laboratorio Nacional de Materiales Orales (LANMO). El congreso reunió a los miembros de la Red Iberoamericana de Estudios sobre Materiales Orales (RIEMO), un conglomerado de 28 grupos de investigación y 193 participantes internacionales. La invitación a proponer un código de ética que rigiera la conducta de todos los miembros de la red en cada una de las fases del trabajo de campo (documentación, procesamiento, almacenamiento, análisis y difusión) fue recibida con gran interés...".
Soldados para combatir, obreros para progresar, heterosexuales para procrear
Authors: Torres Valencia Ignacio
Published: August 2023

Cuando se alude al concepto de “hombre mexicano” lo más probable es que se piense en un charro enamoradizo y con varios hijos, una concepción que, aunque parece remontarse a tiempos lejanísimos, proviene en realidad del siglo XX. El Cancionero Folklórico de México, proyecto liderado por Margit Frenk, da cuenta en sus cinco tomos de ese sujeto ideal y de su expresión y representación mediante coplas y canciones. Sin embargo, entre las cerca de 10 mil coplas registradas, se colaron 20 que no son ni de amor ni de hombres heterosexuales y se refieren a lo que en las primeras décadas del siglo XX se llamaría coloquialmente “mariconería”. Esta veintena de coplas, consignadas en el tomo IV, hablan en tono de burla, más que de pecado, sobre los escarceos sexuales entre varones y cómo es que, aun en un coito entre hombres, la masculinidad es la que domina. Se plantea de este modo una dicotomía entre las virtudes de los hombres y los vicios de los no-hombres.
Martín Almagro-Gorbea, Julio Esteban Ortega, José Antonio Ramos Rubio y Óscar de San Macario Sánchez. Berrocales sagrados de Extremadura: orígenes de la religión popular de la Hispania Céltica.
Authors: Pedrosa Bartolomé José Manuel
Published: August 2023

El inventario y la indagación de las “peñas sagradas”, en los registros geográfico, etnohistórico, etnográfico, está lejos de haberse cerrado, pues. Este libro es un salto adelante gigantesco, pero quedan sin duda otros pasos que dar. Uno de los mejores elogios que pueden hacerse, por ello, de este enciclopédico tratado acerca de los Berrocales sagrados de Extremadura: orígenes de la religión popular de la Hispania Céltica, que debemos a los esfuerzos de Martín Almagro-Gorbea, Julio Esteban Ortega, José Antonio Ramos Rubio y Óscar de San Macario Sánchez, es que no es solo un monumento de varia y muy sólida erudición, sino, también, un work in progress, un laboratorio que invita a más prospecciones, las cuales seguirán puliendo y definiendo, como hacen pausadamente el viento o el agua sobre la piedra, sus contornos.
Veinticinco años de investigación en redes sociales: evolución de temas entre 1997 y 2021 empleando el algoritmo Asignación Latente de Dirichlet
Authors: Martínez-Comeche Juan-Antonio
Published: August 2023

El campo de las redes sociales ha sufrido importantes transformaciones en los últimos veinticinco años, en particular con la introducción de aplicaciones y plataformas digitales, así como la incorporación de estudios de otros campos del conocimiento que adoptan el enfoque de redes sociales en sus análisis. Este artículo ofrece una visión general de la evolución de los tópicos de investigación en este ámbito entre 1997 y 2021 a partir de la modelización de temas. El estudio parte de la producción académica que se recupera de la base de datos Scopus, considerando ventanas temporales de un año y utilizando el software Mallet. Se obtienen siete temas, cuya evolución en el tiempo se describe. Se concluye que los temas relacionados con los medios de comunicación social, así como las redes sociales en línea son estudiados con especial intensidad en los últimos años.
Fast Fabrication Nanopores on Polymer Membrane by a Local High Electric Filed Controlled Breakdown
Authors: Zeng Delin , Fang Shaoxi , Xie Wanyi , He Shixuan , Wang Yunjiao , Liang Liyuan , Yuan Jiahu , Wang Deqiang
Published: August 2023

In the past researches, polymer materials (PDMS, SU-8, PMMA) have proved
to be a preferred material for the fabrication of low-noise nanopores.
However, it has always been a challenge to fabricate sub-10 nm nanopores
on a thin polymer membrane. In this article, we explored a method of
fabrication of nanopores on polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) membrane by
the local high electrical field controlled breakdown, which can fast
produce sub-2 nm nanopores. Through the improved electric field
application method, the nanopore can be fabricated by the instantaneous
high electric field 1-7 times higher than the breakdown electric field.
The mechanism of the electrical breakdown voltage and current in the
formation of nanopores is discussed. Finally, AFM images were also used
to characterize the polymer nanopores, which proves the feasibility of
fast fabrication method of sub-2 nm low noise polymer nanopores.
Monitoring of Sweat pH and Dual-Mode Anti-Counterfeiting from Metal--Organic Framework-Based Multifunctional Gel
Authors: Wang Xiangnan , Zhang Hongli , Li Jiahe , Zou Gang'
Published: August 2023

Monitoring of sweat pH play important roles in physiological health,
nutritional balance, psychological stress, and sports performance. The
combination of functional MOFs with phosphorescent material to acquire
the real-time physiological information, as well as the ap-plication of
dual mode anti-counterfeiting, have seldom been reported. Herein, we
reported MOF and phosphorescent dyes based mul-tifunctional gel films
with H+ response and the related mechanism was studied in detail. Upon
induction of H+, the composite gel film ex-hibited decreased fluorescent
signal but enhanced room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), which could
be utilized for sweat pH sensing through a dual-mode. Moreover,
multifunctional gel films exhibited a potential application in
information encryption and an-ti-counterfeiting by designing of stimulus
responsive multiple patterns. This research opens a new avenue for
portable and non-invasive sweat pH monitoring method, provides
opportunities for effective anti-counterfeiting, also offers new
insights stimulus-responsive mul-tifunctional materials and their
potential applications.
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection or Cor-triatriatum - A confliction between preoperative versus intraoperative diagnosis
Authors: Das Sambhunath , Mital Tanya , V Devagourou
Published: August 2023

Both Cor-triatriatum and partial anomalous pulmonary venous
connection(PAPVC) come under the rare spectrum of congenital heart
diseases. These entities may co-exist in a patient or may appear
independent of each other. Since their clinical presentation remains the
same, it comes down to the cardiac imaging modality used. Here we
describe a case of a 45-year female presenting with exertional dyspnea
and palpitations who was diagnosed with cor-triatriatum in the
preoperative echocardiography which intraoperatively was identified to
be PAPVC. This case report highlights the peculiarities of
echocardiographic findings in this patient and the importance of
multimodal imaging techniques in such cases.
Similar to whom? Perspectives on linguistic similarity and difference in gentrifying Oslo
Authors: Connor Janet
Published: August 2023

Variationism has long been dominant in sociolinguistic studies of cities. However, a variationist approach, which takes discrete, measurable linguistic features as its unit of analysis, cannot account for all the ways that language use becomes socially meaningful in urban contexts. Drawing on two examples from ethnographic fieldwork in a gentrifying neighborhood in Oslo, Norway, this paper shows how linguistic similarity and difference cannot be assumed, but instead rely on uptakes which vary based on the perspectives being brought to an interaction. In the contested context of a gentrifying neighborhood, claims to speak similarly to or differently from others can become an important resource in making larger claims about the social and political situation. We thus need to consider uptake, as well as production, when analyzing how social meaning and axes of differentiation are created through linguistic interaction.