bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inequalities of Race, Class, and Place and Their Impact on Postincarceration Higher Education
Authors: Livingston Lindsey , Miller Jody
Published: May 2014

Postsecondary correctional education (PSCE) is witnessing a revitalization, offering the incarcerated and formerly incarcerated an important source of human and social capital. Yet, opportunities for higher education among this population are patterned by larger structural exclusions based on race, class, and place. In this article, we investigate the impact of race and class inequalities among students in a program for formerly incarcerated individuals at a large state university. Specifically, we draw from 34 in-depth interviews with past and present program participants to examine how pre- and postcarceral financial, familial, community, and social network contexts shape postsecondary experiences after incarceration. Research participants came from community contexts with vastly different resources, with consequences for social identities, educational preparedness, and embeddedness in crime preincarceration. These circumstances differentially prepared students for university studies postrelease. In addition, during the postcarceral period, study participants had disparate access to familial supports, were unequally burdened by financial difficulties and familial responsibilities, and differentially exposed to risks for reoffending. These patterns were closely tied to race, social class, and neighborhood characteristics. Our work highlights the import of attention to such disparities for PSCE, to facilitate its equitable access among incarcerated and formerly incarcerated populations.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms
Authors: Goldsmith Rachel E. , Gerhart James I. , Chesney Samantha A. , Burns John W. , Kleinman Brighid , Hood Megan M.
Published: May 2014

Mindfulness-based psychotherapies are associated with reductions in depression and anxiety. However, few studies address whether mindfulness-based approaches may benefit individuals with posttraumatic stress symptoms. The current pilot study explored whether group mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy reduced posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, and negative trauma-related appraisals in 9 adult participants who reported trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress or depression. Participants completed 8 sessions of mindfulness-based stress reduction treatment, as well as pretreatment, midtreatment, and posttreatment assessments of psychological symptoms, acceptance of emotional experiences, and trauma appraisals. Posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, and shame-based trauma appraisals were reduced over the 8-week period, whereas acceptance of emotional experiences increased. Participants’ self-reported amount of weekly mindfulness practice was related to increased acceptance of emotional experiences from pretreatment to posttreatment. Results support the utility of mindfulness-based therapies for posttraumatic stress symptoms and reinforce studies that highlight reducing shame and increasing acceptance as important elements of recovery from trauma.
Children’s Attitudes and Stereotype Content Toward Thin, Average-Weight, and Overweight Peers
Authors: Durante Federica , Fasolo Mirco , Mari Silvia , Mazzola Andrea F.
Published: May 2014

Six- to 11-year-old children’s attitudes toward thin, average-weight, and overweight targets were investigated with associated warmth and competence stereotypes. The results showed positive attitudes toward average-weight targets and negative attitudes toward overweight peers: Both attitudes decreased as a function of children’s age. Thin targets were perceived more positively than overweight ones but less positively than average-weight targets. Notably, social desirability concerns predicted the decline of anti-fat bias in older children. Finally, the results showed ambivalent stereotypes toward thin and overweight targets—particularly among older children—mirroring the stereotypes observed in adults. This result suggests that by the end of elementary school, children manage the two fundamental dimensions of social judgment similar to adults.
Critical Assessment 3: The unique contributions of multi-objective evolutionary and genetic algorithms in materials research
Authors: Chakraborti Nirupam
Published: May 2014

The current state of the art of materials research using multi-objective genetic and evolutionary algorithms is briefly presented with critical analyses. The basic concepts of multi-objective optimisation and Pareto optimality are explained in simple terms and the advantages of an evolutionary approach are emphasised. Current materials related research in this area is summarised, focusing on the achievements to date and the specific needs for further improvement.
Comparison of strand-specific transcriptomes of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 EDL933 (EHEC) under eleven different environmental conditions including radish sprouts and cattle feces
Authors: Landstorfer Richard , Simon Svenja , Schober Steffen , Keim Daniel , Scherer Siegfried , Neuhaus Klaus
Published: May 2014

Background

Multiple infection sources for enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) are known, including animal products, fruit and vegetables. The ecology of this pathogen outside its human host is largely unknown and one third of its annotated genes are still hypothetical. To identify genetic determinants expressed under a variety of environmental factors, we applied strand-specific RNA-sequencing, comparing the SOLiD and Illumina systems.

Results

Transcriptomes of EHEC were sequenced under 11 different biotic and abiotic conditions: LB medium at pH4, pH7, pH9, or at 15°C; LB with nitrite or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; LB-agar surface, M9 minimal medium, spinach leaf juice, surface of living radish sprouts, and cattle feces. Of 5379 annotated genes in strain EDL933 (genome and plasmid), a surprising minority of only 144 had null sequencing reads under all conditions. We therefore developed a statistical method to distinguish weakly transcribed genes from background transcription. We find that 96% of all genes and 91.5% of the hypothetical genes exhibit a significant transcriptional signal under at least one condition. Comparing SOLiD and Illumina systems, we find a high correlation between both approaches for fold-changes of the induced or repressed genes. The pathogenicity island LEE showed highest transcriptional activity in LB medium, minimal medium, and after treatment with antibiotics. Unique sets of genes, including many hypothetical genes, are highly up-regulated on radish sprouts, cattle feces, or in the presence of antibiotics. Furthermore, we observed induction of the shiga-toxin carrying phages by antibiotics and confirmed active biofilm related genes on radish sprouts, in cattle feces, and on agar plates.

Conclusions

Since only a minority of genes (2.7%) were not active under any condition tested (null reads), we suggest that the assumption of significant genome over-annotations is wrong. Environmental transcriptomics uncovered hitherto unknown gene functions and unique regulatory patterns in EHEC. For instance, the environmental function of azoR had been elusive, but this gene is highly active on radish sprouts. Thus, NGS-transcriptomics is an appropriate technique to propose new roles of hypothetical genes and to guide future research.
Improvements in pandemic preparedness in 8 Central American countries, 2008 - 2012
Authors: Johnson Lucinda EA , Clará Wilfrido , Gambhir Manoj , Fuentes Rafael Chacón- , Marín-Correa Carlos , Jara Jorge , Minaya Percy , Rodríguez David , Blanco Natalia , Iihoshi Naomi , Orozco Maribel , Lange Carmen , Pérez Sergio Vinicio , Amador Nydia , Widdowson Marc-Alain , Moen Ann C , Azziz-Baumgartner Eduardo
Published: May 2014

Background

In view of ongoing pandemic threats such as the recent human cases of novel avian influenza A(H7N9) in China, it is important that all countries continue their preparedness efforts. Since 2006, Central American countries have received donor funding and technical assistance from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to build and improve their capacity for influenza surveillance and pandemic preparedness. Our objective was to measure changes in pandemic preparedness in this region, and explore factors associated with these changes, using evaluations conducted between 2008 and 2012.

Methods

Eight Central American countries scored their pandemic preparedness across 12 capabilities in 2008, 2010 and 2012, using a standardized tool developed by CDC. Scores were calculated by country and capability and compared between evaluation years using the Student’s t-test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, respectively. Virological data reported to WHO were used to assess changes in testing capacity between evaluation years. Linear regression was used to examine associations between scores, donor funding, technical assistance and WHO reporting.

Results

All countries improved their pandemic preparedness between 2008 and 2012 and seven made statistically significant gains (p < 0.05). Increases in median scores were observed for all 12 capabilities over the same period and were statistically significant for eight of these (p < 0.05): country planning, communications, routine influenza surveillance, national respiratory disease surveillance, outbreak response, resources for containment, community interventions and health sector response. We found a positive association between preparedness scores and cumulative funding between 2006 and 2011 (R2 = 0.5, p < 0.01). The number of specimens reported to WHO from participating countries increased significantly from 5,551 (2008) to 18,172 (2012) (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Central America has made significant improvements in influenza pandemic preparedness between 2008 and 2012. U.S. donor funding and technical assistance provided to the region is likely to have contributed to the improvements we observed, although information on other sources of funding and support was unavailable to study. Gains are also likely the result of countries’ response to the 2009 influenza pandemic. Further research is required to determine the degree to which pandemic improvements are sustainable.
Dropout trends and educational reforms: the role of the LOGSE in Spain
Authors: Felgueroso Florentino , Gutiérrez-Domènech Maria , Jiménez-Martín Sergi
Published: May 2014

Over the last 50 years, some important reforms in European countries were aimed at improving the system of vocational studies. By contrast, the Spanish educational law (LOGSE) from 1990 moved in the opposite direction. While the LOGSE increased the number of compulsory schooling years from 8 to 10, it also eliminated vocational studies of first grade (FP-I, ages 14 to 16), thereby reducing flexibility. The LOGSE was rolled out at different times across regions within Spain. This is used as an identification strategy to analyse whether the change in law contributed to stop the declining trend in dropout rates observed in the last two decades (they declined from 70% in 1977 to 30% in 1995, but remained at roughly 30% until recent years, twice the EU27 average). Results show that the new compulsory secondary education increased dropout rates for men and decreased them for women. Alternatively, the removal of the lower vocational track had negative effect for both genders, being the effect stronger for women. Finally, by reducing the track choice opportunities for students, the reform reduced the probability of following the vocational track after completion of the compulsory stage.

JEL codes

I20, J24.
Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging identifies markers of ageing and osteoarthritic cartilage
Authors: Peffers Mandy J , Cillero-Pastor Berta , Eijkel Gert B , Clegg Peter D , Heeren Ron MA
Published: May 2014

Introduction

Cartilage protein distribution and the changes that occur in cartilage ageing and disease are essential in understanding the process of cartilage ageing and age related diseases such as osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to investigate the peptide profiles in ageing and osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage sections using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI).

Methods

The distribution of proteins in young, old and OA equine cartilage was compared following tryptic digestion of cartilage slices and MALDI-MSI undertaken with a MALDI SYNAPT™ HDMS system. Protein identification was undertaken using database searches following multivariate analysis. Peptide intensity differences between young, ageing and OA cartilage were imaged with Biomap software. Analysis of aggrecanase specific cleavage patterns of a crude cartilage proteoglycan extract were used to validate some of the differences in peptide intensity identified. Immunohistochemistry studies validated the differences in protein abundance.

Results

Young, old and OA equine cartilage was discriminated based on their peptide signature using discriminant analysis. Proteins including aggrecan core protein, fibromodulin, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein were identified and localised. Fibronectin peptides displayed a stronger intensity in OA cartilage. Age-specific protein markers for collectin-43 and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein were identified. In addition potential fibromodulin and biglycan peptides targeted for degradation in OA were detected.

Conclusions

MALDI-MSI provided a novel platform to study cartilage ageing and disease enabling age and disease specific peptides in cartilage to be elucidated and spatially resolved.
Extracorporeal life support devices and strategies for management of acute cardiorespiratory failure in adult patients: a comprehensive review
Authors: Shekar Kiran , Mullany Daniel V , Thomson Bruce , Ziegenfuss Marc , Platts David G , Fraser John F
Published: May 2014

Evolution of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) technology has added a new dimension to the intensive care management of acute cardiac and/or respiratory failure in adult patients who fail conventional treatment. ECLS also complements cardiac surgical and cardiology procedures, implantation of long-term mechanical cardiac assist devices, heart and lung transplantation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Available ECLS therapies provide a range of options to the multidisciplinary teams who are involved in the time-critical care of these complex patients. While venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can provide complete respiratory support, extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal facilitates protective lung ventilation and provides only partial respiratory support. Mechanical circulatory support with venoarterial (VA) ECMO employed in a traditional central/peripheral fashion or in a temporary ventricular assist device configuration may stabilise patients with decompensated cardiac failure who have evidence of end-organ dysfunction, allowing time for recovery, decision-making, and bridging to implantation of a long-term mechanical circulatory support device and occasionally heart transplantation. In highly selected patients with combined severe cardiac and respiratory failure, advanced ECLS can be provided with central VA ECMO, peripheral VA ECMO with timely transition to venovenous ECMO or VA-venous ECMO upon myocardial recovery to avoid upper body hypoxia or by addition of an oxygenator to the temporary ventricular assist device circuit. This article summarises the available ECLS options and provides insights into the principles and practice of these techniques. One should emphasise that, as is common with many emerging therapies, their optimal use is currently not backed by quality evidence. This deficiency needs to be addressed to ensure that the full potential of ECLS can be achieved.
Low-temperature dielectric measurements of confined water in porous granites
Authors: Silva Hugo Gonçalves , Tlemçani Mouhaydine , Monteiro Jorge Humberto , Graça Manuel Pedro , Moita Patricia , Pinho António , Bezzeghoud Mourad , Mendiratta Sushil Kumar , Rosa Rui Namorado
Published: May 2014

The dielectric behavior of rocks affected by the known phase transition of supercooled water is the main problem we analyzed. Three different granitic rocks were used to perform dielectric measurements in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 1 MHz and temperatures 100–350 K. Thin cylindrical samples were prepared, and circular electrodes were established using silver conductive paint. A clear change in the dielectric measurements appears at [Formula: see text] for one of the samples. This coincides with the known phase transition of supercooled water. Tightly bounded water confined in the pores of the rock do not crystallize at 273 K, but form a metastable liquid down to 200–220 K maintaining water polarization. Below this temperature, water molecules solidify and polarizability decreases. The rock presenting the most sizable change has a very low specific surface area of [Formula: see text], has connected porosity of [Formula: see text], and has the smallest degree of alteration. In addition, geochemical analyzes reveal a low percentage of hydration water in its structure confirming the role of pore water in this change. A comparison between water-saturated, oven-dried, and vacuum-dried samples was done. Finally, a logarithmic dependency of the critical temperature for the supercooled water phase transition with the measuring frequency was found.
Relationship between obesity and the risk of clinically significant depression: Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Hung Chi-Fa , Rivera Margarita , Craddock Nick , Owen Michael J. , Gill Michael , Korszun Ania , Maier Wolfgang , Mors Ole , Preisig Martin , Rice John P. , Rietschel Marcella , Jones Lisa , Middleton Lefkos , Aitchison Kathy J. , Davis Oliver S. P. , Breen Gerome , Lewis Cathryn , Farmer Anne , McGuffin Peter
Published: May 2014

Background

Obesity has been shown to be associated with depression and it has been suggested that higher body mass index (BMI) increases the risk of depression and other common mental disorders. However, the causal relationship remains unclear and Mendelian randomisation, a form of instrumental variable analysis, has recently been employed to attempt to resolve this issue.

Aims

To investigate whether higher BMI increases the risk of major depression.

Method

Two instrumental variable analyses were conducted to test the causal relationship between obesity and major depression in RADIANT, a large case–control study of major depression. We used a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in FTO and a genetic risk score (GRS) based on 32 SNPs with well-established associations with BMI.

Results

Linear regression analysis, as expected, showed that individuals carrying more risk alleles of FTO or having higher score of GRS had a higher BMI. Probit regression suggested that higher BMI is associated with increased risk of major depression. However, our two instrumental variable analyses did not support a causal relationship between higher BMI and major depression (FTO genotype: coefficient −0.03, 95% CI −0.18 to 0.13, P = 0.73; GRS: coefficient −0.02, 95% CI −0.11 to 0.07, P = 0.62).

Conclusions

Our instrumental variable analyses did not support a causal relationship between higher BMI and major depression. The positive associations of higher BMI with major depression in probit regression analyses might be explained by reverse causality and/or residual confounding.
Developmental model of suicide trajectories
Authors: Séguin Monique , Beauchamp Guy , Robert Marie , DiMambro Mélanie , Turecki Gustavo
Published: May 2014

Background

Most developmental studies on suicide do not take into account individual variations in suicide trajectories.

Aims

Using a life course approach, this study explores developmental models of suicide trajectories.

Method

Two hundred and fourteen suicides were assessed with mixed methods. Statistical analysis using combined discrete-time survival (DTS) and growth mixture modelling (GMM) generated various trajectories, and path analysis (Mplus) identified exogenous and mediating variables associated with these trajectories.

Results

Two groups share common risk factors, and independently of these major risk factors, they have different developmental trajectories: the first group experienced a high burden of adversity and died by suicide in their early 20s; and the second group experienced a somewhat moderate or low burden of adversity before they took their own life. Structural equation modelling identified variables specific to the early suicide trajectory: conduct and behavioural difficulties, social isolation/conflicts mediated by school-related difficulties, the end of a love relationship, and previous suicide attempts.

Conclusions

Psychosocial adversity between 10 and 20 years of age may warrant key periods of intervention.
ANK3 gene expression in bipolar disorder and
schizophrenia
Authors: Wirgenes Katrine Verena , Tesli Martin , Inderhaug Elin , Athanasiu Lavinia , Agartz Ingrid , Melle Ingrid , Hughes Timothy , Andreassen Ole Andreas , Djurovic Srdjan
Published: May 2014

ANK3 gene variants have consistently been associated with
bipolar spectrum disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorder. However, the
relevance of its encoded protein, ankyrin-3, in these disorders remains
elusive. Here, we show that ANK3 gene expression in blood
is significantly increased in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia compared
with healthy controls. Additionally, we identified potential cis-acting
expression quantitative trait loci located close to the transcription start
site of one of the isoforms of the gene. These findings suggest that
ANK3 mRNA is an interesting marker for further
investigation of the underlying mechanisms in psychotic disorders.
Synthesis of Polysubstituted Benzenes from 2-Pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Okura Keisho , Tamura Ryuichi , Shigehara Kiyotaka , Masai Eiji , Nakamura Masaya , Otsuka Yuichiro , Katayama Yoshihiro , Nakao Yoshiaki
Published: May 2014

Cycloaddition reactions of a lignin-derived pyrone derivative, 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid, and its dimethyl ester with alkenyl acetates and alkynes under thermal conditions proceed with decarboxylation to give isophthalic acids and various mono- and disubstituted isophthalates. A ruthenium complex catalyzes the reaction with alkynes under milder conditions and affords products with different regioselectivity from that observed under thermal conditions.
Why, When, and How Much to Entertain Consumers in Advertisements? A Web-Based Facial Tracking Field Study
Authors: Teixeira Thales , Picard Rosalind , el Kaliouby Rana
Published: May 2014

The presence of positive entertainment (e.g., visual imagery, upbeat music, humor) in TV advertisements can make them more attractive and persuasive. However, little is known about the downside of too much entertainment. This research focuses on why, when, and how much to entertain consumers in TV advertisements. We collected data in a large scale field study using 82 ads with various levels of entertainment shown to 178 consumers in their homes and workplaces. Using a novel web-based face tracking system, we continuously measure consumers' smile responses, viewing interest, and purchase intent. A simultaneous Bayesian hierarchical model is estimated to assess how different levels of entertainment affect purchases by endogenizing viewing interest. We find that entertainment has an inverted U-shape relationship to purchase intent. Importantly, we separate entertainment into that which comes before the brand versus that which comes after, and find that the latter is positively associated with purchase intent while the former is not.
Disneyland: Another kind of reality
Authors: Allen David
Published: May 2014

The Disney park is usually condemned as a kind of Platonic cave of illusions, where visitors are so mesmerized by the verisimilitude of the displays that they begin to take it for ‘reality’. However, the park does not so much simulate the ‘real’ as celebrate the art of simulation, the ability to construct fantasy worlds as if they are ‘real’.

Main Street USA was designed to evoke the ‘excitement of a dawning century of new technology’. This theme was continued in the Carousel of Progress attraction. There were four scenes showing the life of a typical American family through the generations and the ways their lives were continually improved by the latest advances in technology. Horizons, which opened in 1983, was a kind of sequel to Carousel. It showed the same all-American family living and working in the ‘brave new world’ of the future. Both Carousel and Horizons were ostensibly designed to promote the ideal of a technologically controlled ‘reality’. However, the shows were actually a demonstration and celebration of the power of ‘imagineering’ – the ability of Disney’s Imagineers to simulate the real.
BOOk Review
Authors: Petrus Dr Stephen
Published: May 2014

Spatial Regulation in New York City: From Urban Renewal to Zero Tolerance, Themis Chronopoulos (2011)
New York and London: Routledge, 234 pp., ISBN-13: 978-0-415-85079-7 (PB) $44.95 ISBN-13: 978-0-415-89158-5 (HB) $141.00
Distinction work and its consequences for women working as room attendants within five star hotels on the Gold Coast, Australia
Authors: Kensbock Sandra , Jennings Gayle , Bailey Janis , Patiar Anoop
Published: May 2014

This article highlights women room attendants’ experiences of the consequences of distinction work in five five-star hotels located in the Gold Coast region of South East Queensland, Australia. Those consequences are demonstrations of deference, reification of lower social class standing and social ostracism. ‘Distinction work’ requires attendants to recognize the guest’s superior class position as a key part of service interactions. An ontologically intertwined research stance was used with socialist feminism and critical theory epistemologies and a qualitative constructionist grounded theory methodology. Interviews were conducted with 46 room attendants working at five five-star hotels. This research contributes to hospitality literature by focusing on the influence of broader socio-economic hierarchies functioning within hotels, an arena not usually encompassed within hospitality studies. We argue that ‘distinction work’ involves a process wherein the causal aspects of demonstration of deference to guests during interactions, and the conditional aspects of the lower social standing of room attendants within the broader socio-economic arena, result in embedded ostracism. This article presents a new perspective on the low social value currently placed on room attendant employment.
Hospitality and organizations: Enchantment, entrenchment and reconfiguration
Authors: Lugosi Peter
Published: May 2014

This article examines the complex relationship between hospitality and organizations. It is argued that a variety of organizational practices can be understood by considering how hospitality is mobilized and experienced by multiple stakeholders. The article begins by synthesizing existing conceptions of hospitality and outlining its different dimensions. It then goes on to examine how hospitality themes and related issues emerge in, and are thus relevant to, the study of organizations and management. The article first considers how hospitality is extended to or oriented towards external stakeholders and thus mobilized as tactical or strategic enchantment. It is argued that hospitality can be used purposefully to establish power relations and invoke obligations both to conform to organizational norms and to reciprocate. Second, the article considers how hospitality emerges within organizational practices and may be deployed by various stakeholders as an instrument of entrenchment to perpetuate existing norms and hierarchies. However, it is also suggested that practices of hospitality can create alternative organizational spaces and networks, and hospitable acts may thus help to reconfigure power relationships and become focal points of resistance. The article concludes by reflecting upon emerging questions, challenges and potential avenues for further research and intervention.
A Formação Inicial de Professores em Portugal Decorrente do Processo de Bolonha: Uma Análise a Partir do “Olhar” de Professores e de Estudantes
Authors: Mouraz Ana , Leite Carlinda , Fernandes Preciosa
Published: May 2014

Em Portugal, a adaptação dos cursos de formação de professores do ensino básico aos compromissos de Bolonha (decreto-lei nº 74/2006) traduziu-se, em alguns casos, num retrocesso ao modelo bietápico e noutros constatou-se que, a opção por formações generalistas e a crescente dificuldade de condições para realizar estágios em contextos de exercício da docência, tem prejudicado a relação entre a teoria e a prática. É este o foco deste texto. Com ele pretende-se explicitar o que pensam do modelo de formação em vigor, os órgãos de direção e gestão de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior – de formação inicial de professores -, e os respetivos professores e estudantes. Os dados evidenciam diferenças no modo como os estudantes e os professores representam o modelo de formação: enquanto os primeiros relevam a relação teoria prática, os professores, incluindo aqueles que pertencem ao órgão de direção e gestão, valorizaram os aspetos associados à prática pedagógica e o carácter abrangente do modelo.
A Construção da Identidade de Professores do Campo: Um Novo Passo Rumo à Valorização da Cultura Camponesa
Authors: Neves Miranilde Oliveira
Published: May 2014

Este artigo visa demonstrar contribuições pedagógicas que o professor do campo tem recebido durante o processo de formação, por meio do projeto Procampo – Curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo, especificamente na Amazônia, no Brasil, o qual é organizado por várias Instituições Públicas de Ensino Superior Brasileiras. Com este estudo, o leitor entenderá que há uma nova forma de trabalhar prática e teoria em um curso acadêmico: a pedagogia da alternância, a qual é composta por duas partes: Tempo Acadêmico e Tempo Comunidade e possui oito temas norteadores – todos relacionados ao espaço socioambiental no qual vivem os professores do campo. Neste artigo haverá destaque para o primeiro tema estudado: História de Vida e Construção de Saberes. A fundamentação teórica está baseada especialmente em Arroyo (2000), Arroyo, Caldart e Molina (2009), Caldart (2010) e Peres (2011).
El Castillo de Benifallim, Alicante: una aproximación desde la arqueología
Authors: Kiss Débora Marcela
Published: May 2014

El presente artículo constituye un primer acercamiento al estudio de una fortificación medieval, el Castillo de Benifallim, situado en la provincia de Alicante. Nuestra estrategia de análisis aborda el conocimiento del yacimiento desde diferentes niveles de aproximación, partiendo del estudio del objeto arquitectónico, mediante la arqueología de la arquitectura para arribar finalmente al análisis de las relaciones que se establecen con su entorno de implantación, la arqueología del paisaje.
Jürgen Untermann (1928-2013). In memoriam
Authors: Almagro-Gorbea Martín
Published: May 2014

Jürgen Untermann, catedrático de Lingüística Comparada de la Universidad de Tübingen, ha sido uno de los principales impulsores del estudio de las lenguas prerromanas en la Península Ibérica. Sus Monumenta Linguarum Hispanicarum constituyen una obra de referencia y de obligada consulta en este campo. Pero además publicó otros muchos trabajos sobre estos temas, promovió los Coloquios sobre Lenguas y Culturas Paleohispánicas y, entre otras muchas actividades, fue editor la revista Beiträge zur Namenforschung. Su fi gura será sin duda un referente que perdurará en el tiempo en todo lo que se refiere al estudio de las lenguas y culturas paleohispánicas.
El Calcolítico y la Edad del Bronce en Coca (Segovia)
Authors: Blanco García Juan Francisco
Published: May 2014

El presente trabajo constituye una puesta al día de la información referente al Calcolítico y la Edad del Bronce en el yacimiento de Cauca (Coca, Segovia) y su entorno más inmediato, en el cual se encuentra situado el cerro Cuesta del Mercado. Considerando tanto los materiales de excavación como de hallazgos superficiales, tratamos de hacer un acercamiento a las características que presentan ambos periodos en el contexto de las campiñas meridionales del Duero.
Nuevas aportaciones al poblamiento ibérico y romano del noroeste murciano: los altiplanos de Archivel y Barranda
Authors: López-Mondéjar Leticia
Published: May 2014

El presente trabajo analiza el poblamiento ibérico y romano (siglos IV a.C.-II d.C.) en el entorno de las actuales poblaciones de Barranda y Archivel, en la Región de Murcia. Se presenta para ello una revisión de los yacimientos documentados en este sector del Sureste peninsular (emplazamiento, registro arqueológico, cronología, etc.) en el que los últimos trabajos de campo han aportado datos de amplio interés. A partir de dichos yacimientos se plantean brevemente algunos de los rasgos que definen la dinámica poblacional de esta zona murciana. El objetivo es presentar una imagen global del poblamiento en esta área, enmarcando en ella el desarrollo de yacimientos como los castella tardorrepublicanos de Archivel y Barranda, y la interesante necrópolis ibérica de El Villar.
Los clavi caligarii o tachuelas de cáliga: elementos identificadores de las calzadas romanas
Authors: Rodríguez Morales Jesús , Fernández Montoro José Luis , Sánchez Sánchez Jesús , Benítez de Lugo Enrich Luis
Published: May 2014

En este artículo analizamos los clavi caligarii o tachuelas de cáliga, comenzando por los textos antiguos, para tratar de establecer una tipología y cronología de los mismos. Describimos los encontrados en la excavación de la Vía de los Vasos de Vicarello en Terrinches (Ciudad Real). Terminamos proponiendo la prospección electromagnética, que encuentre los elementos metálicos depositados en las capas durante su uso, como medio objetivo de identificación de las vías antiguas, siendo la aparición de clavi caligarii prueba inequívoca de su utilización en época romana.
Identificación taxonómica de fragmentos de madera de los féretros de la necrópolis tardorromana de Senda de Granada (Murcia)
Authors: García Martínez María Soledad , García Blánquez Luis Alberto
Published: May 2014

En este artículo se presenta el estudio antracológico de los restos de madera conservada gracias a la corrosión de clavos de hierro hallados en una zona de necrópolis del asentamiento tardoantiguo de Senda de Granada (Murcia). Estos clavos formaron parte del féretro de cinco sepulturas localizadas en un edificio de carácter cultual, cuyo uso se produjo entre finales del siglo V e inicios del VII. Los resultados indican que la madera empleada fue siempre de conífera (Coniferae), sin poder llegar a mayor precisión en tres de las sepulturas. La identificación ha sido genérica en las otras dos, cuyos féretros fueron elaborados con madera de pino de tipo mediterráneo. Esta madera estuvo presente en el ámbito local, por lo que su adquisición no implicaría procesos de importación a media o larga distancia. Esto denota que la madera de los féretros no constituiría un elemento de prestigio del privilegiado grupo inhumado en esta necrópolis.
Water Security through Cooperation
Authors: Lieberherr Eva
Published: May 2014

Water crosses political boarders and cuts through differing socio-economic sectors. Therefore, cooperation is essential for achieving water security. But how is effective water governance characterized? Integrated water resource management rests on measures that involve stakeholders
from the public, private and civil societal sectors.
Research for Sustainable Development Forschung für Nachhaltige Entwicklungen
Authors: Zürn Erik , Hurtz Nicole , Kropp Cordula
Published: May 2014

Die Mitteilungen des BMBF-Rahmenprogramms FONA präsentieren das Siegerprojekt des Deutschen Nachhaltigkeitspreises 2013 Vorpommern Initiative Paludikultur (VIP), das innovative Bewirtschaftungsmethoden für eine nachhaltige Moornutzung entwickelt hat.
Außerdem informiert FONA über das EU-Rahmenprogramm für Forschung und Innovation Horizont 2020, das die Forschung zu nachhaltiger Entwicklung intensivieren wird. Die Mitteilungen der Sozial-ökologischen Forschung (SÖF) stellen Ergebnisse des Projekts
Klima Regional vor, das im Alpenraum Gemeinden untersucht hat, die sich besonders für den Klimaschutz engagieren.
EU Energy Policy beyond 2020. Benefits of a Policy Mix EU-Energiepolitik nach dem Jahr 2020. Vorteile eines Ziel- und Instrumentenmixes
Authors: Lehmann Paul , Strunz Sebastian , Gawel Erik , Korte Klaas
Published: May 2014

Die EU hat sich bis zum Jahr 2020 klare Ziele hinsichtlich Klimaschutz, Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien und Steigerung der Energieeffizienz gesetzt – doch welche klima- und energiepolitischen Vorgaben sollen über 2020 hinaus gelten und welche Maßnah men eignen sich,
sie zu erfüllen? Aus ökonomischer Sicht ist weiterhin ein Mix aus mehreren umweltpolitischen Zielen und Instrumenten notwendig.
Urbanity and Human Ecology. Modifying European Urban Life for Sustainability Urbanity and Human Ecology. Internationales Symposium zur Entwicklung nachhaltiger urbaner Lebensstile in Europa
Authors: Buron Sarah , Serbser Wolfgang H.
Published: May 2014

Der erste gemeinsame internationale Thinktank der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Humanökologie und des Commonwealth Human Ecology Council befasst sich mit den Herausforderungen urbanen Lebens. Parallel dazu findet die internationale studentische Konferenz Nachhaltige Uni
& Urbaner Campus online und vor Ort statt.
Improving Open Space Design to Cope Better with Urban Heat Island Effects
Authors: Loibl Wolfgang , Stiles Richard , Pauleit Stefan , Hagen Katrin , Gasienica Beatrix , Tötzer Tanja , Trimmel Heidi , Köstl Mario , Feilmayr Wolfgang
Published: May 2014

A simulation study reveals how open space design may mitigate local urban heat island effects.
Developing the Environmental Humanities: A Swiss Perspective
Authors: Forêt Philippe , Hall Marcus , Kueffer Christoph
Published: May 2014

The environmental humanities as a metadiscipline provide a new forum for enabling continuous and reciprocal conversations within the humanities and with other sciences in environmental research.
Maternal sympathetic stress impairs follicular development and puberty of the offspring
Authors: Barra Rafael , Cruz Gonzalo , Mayerhofer Artur , Paredes Alfonso , Lara Hernán E
Published: May 2014

Chronic cold stress applied to adult rats activates ovarian sympathetic innervation and develops polycystic ovary (PCO) phenotype. The PCO syndrome in humans originates during early development and is expressed before or during puberty, which suggests that the condition derived from in utero exposure to neural- or metabolic-derived insults. We studied the effects of maternal sympathetic stress on the ovarian follicular development and on the onset of puberty of female offspring. Timed pregnant rats were exposed to chronic cold stress (4 °C, 3 h/daily from 1000 to 1300 h) during the entire pregnancy. Neonatal rats exposed to sympathetic stress during gestation had a lower number of primary, primordial, and secondary follicles in the ovary and a lower recruitment of primary and secondary follicles derived from the primordial follicular pool. The expression of the FSH receptor and response of the neonatal ovary to FSH were reduced. A decrease in nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA was found without change in the low-affinity NGF receptor. The FSH-induced development of secondary follicles was decreased. At puberty, estradiol plasma levels decreased without changes in LH plasma levels. Puberty onset (as shown by the vaginal opening) was delayed. Ovarian norepinephrine (NE) was reduced; there was no change in its metabolite, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, in stressed rats and no change in NE turnover. The changes in ovarian NE in prepubertal rats stressed during gestation could represent a lower development of sympathetic nerves as a compensatory response to the chronically increased NE levels during gestation and hence participate in delaying reproductive performance in the rat.
Balancing Selection in Species with Separate Sexes: Insights from Fisher’s Geometric Model
Authors: Connallon Tim , Clark Andrew G
Published: May 2014

How common is balancing selection, and what fraction of phenotypic variance is attributable to balanced polymorphisms? Despite decades of research, answers to these questions remain elusive. Moreover, there is no clear theoretical prediction about the frequency with which balancing selection is expected to arise within a population. Here, we use an extension of Fisher’s geometric model of adaptation to predict the probability of balancing selection in a population with separate sexes, wherein polymorphism is potentially maintained by two forms of balancing selection: (1) heterozygote advantage, where heterozygous individuals at a locus have higher fitness than homozygous individuals, and (2) sexually antagonistic selection (a.k.a. intralocus sexual conflict), where the fitness of each sex is maximized by different genotypes at a locus. We show that balancing selection is common under biologically plausible conditions and that sex differences in selection or sex-by-genotype effects of mutations can each increase opportunities for balancing selection. Although heterozygote advantage and sexual antagonism represent alternative mechanisms for maintaining polymorphism, they mutually exist along a balancing selection continuum that depends on population and sex-specific parameters of selection and mutation. Sexual antagonism is the dominant mode of balancing selection across most of this continuum.
Agrotransformación y evaluación de la resistencia a Phytophthora infestansen Solanum tuberosum L. variedad Désirée
Authors: Orbegozo Jeanette , Román María Lupe , Rivera Cristina , Tovar José Carlos , Pérez Willmer , Gamboa Soledad , Forbes Greg , Kreuze Jan , Ghislain Marc
Published: May 2014

El Oomiceto Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, agente causal de la enfermedad denominada tizón tardío, es el principal responsable del déficit en rendimiento y producción en el cultivo de papa a nivel mundial; una de las alternativas a considerar en la lucha contra este patógeno es la integración de secuencias completas de genesRen el genoma de la papa a través de Agrotransformación. El gen Rpi-blb2(gen R) de la especie silvestre Solanum bulbocastanum Dunal,presenta una amplia resistencia a los aislamientos de P. infestans, haciéndolo un importante candidato en los estudios de mejoramiento genético en plantas. En el presente trabajo se describe la introducción del gen Rpi-blb2por Agrobacterium tumefaciensen el genoma de la papa variedad Désirée, la caracterización molecular de 29 eventos transformados e infección de plantas completas con el aislamiento POX067 de P. infestansobtenido en el Perú. Los eventos Désirée [Rpi-blb2] 4 y Désirée [Rpi-blb2] 30, presentaron una resistencia considerable frente a la infección de P. infestans, comprobando de esta manera la transferencia del gen Rpi-blb2de una especie silvestre a una cultivada mediante transformación genética.
Identificación de genes relacionados a sequía en papas nativas empleando RNA-Seq
Authors: Torres Yerisf , Lozano Roberto , Merino Carlos , Orjeda Gisella
Published: May 2014

El reciente desarrollo del RNA-Seq, un método de secuenciamiento masivo en paralelo para el análisis de transcriptomas permite conocer el perfil de expresión de las plantas en respuesta a estrés de tipo abiótico y biótico. En este estudio, se secuenció el mRNA proveniente de hojas y raíces de dos variedades de papas nativas expuestas a diferentes niveles de sequía. Lecturas o readsde 50 pares de bases provenientes de mRNA se mapearon al genoma de papa: 75 – 82% mapearon a posiciones únicas, 6 – 14% mapearon a múltiples posiciones y 9 – 12% no mapearon a posición alguna del genoma. Comparando los perfiles de expresión, se encontraron entre 887 – 1925 genes inducidos/reprimidos por sequía en la variedad sensible y 998 – 1995 en la tolerante. Este estudio generó información de gran valor que podrá ser utilizada en futuros estudios para comprender mejor los mecanismos moleculares de resistencia a sequía en papa y especies cercanas.
Parámetros reproductivos de Hypsiboas punctatus(Schneider 1799) (Anura: Hylidae) en el extremo sur de su área de distribución
Authors: Antoniazzi Carolina E. , Ghirardi Romina , López Javier A. , Armando Andrea P.
Published: May 2014

Hypsiboas punctatus(Schneider 1799) posee una amplia distribución en Sudamérica, a lo largo de un gradiente ambiental y latitudinal (tropical/templado), por lo que las condiciones que enfrentan sus poblaciones difieren significativamente. Hasta el momento, solamente se conocen los parámetros reproductivos de esta especie en regiones tropicales, por lo que en el presente trabajo se estudió una población de una región templada para evaluar si existen diferencias. Los individuos estudiados resultaron ser de menor tamaño que los de poblaciones tropicales. El tamaño y peso de los machos no se correlacionaron con el volumen testicular. En cambio, el tamaño y el peso de las hembras se correlacionaron positivamente con su fertilidad. No se encontraron cuerpos grasos desarrollados en las hembras pero sí en los machos. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que existe una variabilidad en los parámetros reproductivos de H. punctatus que puede estar relacionada tanto a un fenómeno de plasticidad fenotípica como de diferenciación genética entre poblaciones distantes. Esto sería una de las claves que permitiría a esta especie prosperar en diferentes ecosistemas con distintas características y presiones ambientales.
Depositorios del material tipo de la especie Coccidophilus lozadaiGonzalez, 2012 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Lozada Pedro W. , Aliaga-Camarena Juana
Published: May 2014

Se designan 6 paratipos de la especie Coccidophilus lozadai González, 2012, como depositados en la colección del Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agraria (SENASA), Lima, Perú. El holotipo y demás paratipos están depositados en el Museo de Historia Natural (MUSM) de Lima y en el Museo de Historia Natural de Washington D.C. (USNM), EE UU.
A system‐wide approach to supporting improvements in seafood production practices and outcomes
Authors: Micheli Fiorenza , De Leo Giulio , Shester Geoff G , Martone Rebecca G , Lluch-Cota Salvador E , Butner Cheryl , Crowder Larry B , Fujita Rod , Gelcich Stefan , Jain Monica , Lester Sarah E , McCay Bonnie , Pelc Robin , Sáenz-Arroyo Andrea
Published: May 2014

Environmental certification and consumer awareness programs are designed to create market incentives for implementing fisheries and aquaculture practices that are more sustainable. Typically focused on particular species and activities, such programs have so far triggered few changes to improve seafood sustainability. Here, we present a conceptual, system‐wide fisheries and aquaculture certification program designed to recognize and promote change toward more sustainable and resilient seafood production systems. In contrast to previous efforts, this program concentrates on both ecosystems and various human stakeholders, relies on an adaptive management approach (termed “continual improvement”) to enhance outcomes, and considers socioeconomic factors. The goal of this program is to support the restoration and maintenance of healthy ecosystem states and thriving human communities as well as the improvement of whole social–ecological systems.