bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Issues and Problems of Education System at Primary Level in District Toba Tek Singh
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Muhammad Noor
Published: December 2021

Primary schooling is the basic framework and first pillar of a child's future. Therefore, a study was planned to identify the core issues and difficulties related to education systems at the primary school level in district Toba Tek Singh. All the administration, staff, teachers, parents, and students were the study's target population. A mix methods research tools (interview and focus group discussion) were used to collect the data. The 20 public primary schools were selected and made a sample of 140 respondents through random technique. The interview was pretested on a small group of school administrators, students, and teachers from non-selected schools having similar subjects to evaluate the validity and reliability of the tool. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) in the form of mean, standard deviation, and percentage. The result showed that 69.3% of respondents belong to the 15-32 years age category, and the vast majority of participants stated that the literacy rate is not increasing as the population is due to poverty. The study recommended the policymakers that primary education is a basic pillar and should be better quality, well-trained teachers, proper funds provision, teacher-student ratio, and merit-based recruitment.
A Study of Teachers Views about the Students of Non-Formal Institutes
Authors: Riaz Saima , Yasin Mudassar
Published: December 2021

Education plays a very crucial role in the development of child’s abilities, attitude, and behavior. It develops a positive change in the social life of the children. Therefore, many developed and developing nations highly encourage the spread of education through non-formal means. The non-formal education system is usually planned to provide effective knowledge and skills among the people. The present study was conducted with an aim to evaluate the views of non-formal institutions teachers about the students. This study was carried out in district Toba Tek Singh of Punjab province. The present study was descriptive in nature, and a survey was conducted to evaluate the non-formal education systems. All the non-formal educational institutions were the population of the study. The sample size of 50 teachers working in the non-formal educational institute of district Toba Tek Singh was chosen. The researcher for data collection developed a self-designed questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of this study showed significant differences received from the respondents of non-formal education schools. The obtained results showed that respondents are getting good benefits from the non-formal education system. It is concluded from this study that education is very important for the development of any nation, and it is considered a fundamental human right.
Criminal implications of the legal status of members of the governing body and persons carrying out key functions in banks
Authors:   ", Eremciuc Roman ,   Stefan cel Mare",   Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Republic of Moldova, Bivol Octavian ,   Moldova State University
Published: December 2021

In some cases, the operation of legislative additions and amendments to the Criminal Code may raise uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of the criminal law. In this regard, the will of the legislator is to be expressed in a manner that meets the recognized criteria of quality of the law, namely: accessibility, predictability and clarity. In particular, the rule of criminal law must be worded with sufficient precision so as to enable the person to decide on his conduct and to reasonably foresee, in the light of the circumstances of the case, the consequences of such conduct. In this article, the authors set out to interpret the last sentence of art. 123 para. (2) of the Criminal Code, i.e. – to determine whether the members of the governing body and the persons holding key positions in the bank can be considered persons authorized or invested by the state to provide, on their behalf, public services or perform activities of interest public and implicitly, if they can be considered public persons, within the meaning of art. 123 paragraph (2) of the Criminal Code, since, before the exercise of responsibilities, the candidatures of such persons must be approved by the National Bank of Moldova, or either, are to be considered persons managing a commercial organization, within the meaning of article 124 of the Criminal Code.
Mechanisms and legal instruments to ensure air route safety
Authors:   Free International University of Moldova, Cauia Alexndru , Bria Feodor ,   Free International University of Moldova
Published: December 2021

The legal regulation of ensuring the safety of air traffic in general and of air routes in particular is one of the main concerns of specialists in the field of public international law. The principles and objectives, structure and organization of airspace for safe and efficient operation by analyzing the procedures for the formation and operation of air routes are the subject of this article. Airspace areas with special legal status are an important element of airspace regulation and the process of ensuring air route safety. The analysis of the normative provisions that contribute to ensuring the security of air routes, the risks and threats on the safety of these routes and the mechanisms for preventing and combating them are a priority for specialists in the field of international air law.
Pre-Operative, Prophylactic Use of Oral Zinc Tablet in the Management of Post-Operative Sore Throat
Authors: Jandial Ketki , Tabassum Shagufta
Published: December 2021

Background: Postoperative sore throat (POST) is considered to be quite common complaint. Its symptoms tend to improve with time, but use of oral zinc lozenge has been shown to reduce the incidence and severity of POST. The aim of the present study was to find the efficacy of oral zinc sulfate, given 30 min preoperatively, in reducing POST, primarily caused by endotracheal intubation, till 24 hours after surgery.
Method: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-control-trial study was conducted on 80 patients, further divided into two groups of 40 patients each, between the age group of 18-60 years, of either gender, in Super Specialty Hospital, GMC Jammu, over a period of 6-months. The two groups received either dispersible zinc tablet or a placebo. The severity of POST was graded on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 to 3 and evaluation was repeated at 30 min, 2, 4, and 24 hour, postoperatively.
Results: The difference in severity of sore throat was found to be statistically significant at all evaluation time intervals, except at 24 hours, which was quite lower in Zinc group. The overall incidence of POST in Zinc group was 26.3%, which was significantly higher at 50% in placebo group.
Conclusion: A dose 40 mg zinc dispersible tablet, equivalent to 40 mg elemental zinc, given 30 min before surgery, effectively reduced the incidence and severity of POST.

Keywords: Post Operative Sore Throat, Oral Zinc Lozenge, Endotracheal Intubation.
Effect of Motivation, Communication Skill, and Work Environment on Employee Performance at PT. Jaya Anugrah Sukses Abadi
Authors: Zebua Santorianus , Chandra Yandi , Simbolon Tommy Nasibta
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the effect of motivation, communication skill, and work environment on employee performance at PT. Jaya Anugrah Sukses Abadi. This study uses a quantitative approach. The population of this study is the entire number of employees at PT. Jaya Anugrah Sukses Abadi in October 2021 with 237 people. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling. Based on the calculations, the number of samples in this study was set at 149 employees. The analysis technique used in this research is multiple linear analysis technique. The results showed that there is no effect of motivation on employee performance at PT. Jaya Anugrah Sukses Abadi. There is effect of communication skill on employee performance at PT. Jaya Anugrah Sukses Abadi. There is effect of work environment on employee performance at PT. Jaya Anugrah Sukses Abadi. Simultaneously there are effect of motivation, communication skill, and work environment on employee performance at PT. Jaya Anugrah Sukses Abadi. The results of the regression calculation can be seen that the coefficient of determination (R square) obtained is 0.170, this result means that 17% of employee performance can be explained by the variables of motivation, communication skill, and work environment, while the remaining 83% is explained by other variables that are not researched.

Keywords: Motivation, Communication Skill, Work Environment, Employee Performance.
Dépenses publiques en capital humain et croissance économique au Mali
Authors: Bamba Amadou , SIDIBE Yaya , DOLO Sory , SISSOKO Mamady
Published: December 2021

L’objectif de ce papier est de mesurer l’effet des dépenses publiques en capital humain sur la croissance économique au Mali. Les données couvrent la période de 1986 à 2018. A l’aide de la méthode d’estimation ARDL, les résultats montrent que les dépenses en capital humain sont favorables à la croissance économique de l’année en cours et moins favorables pour les années qui suivent. Dans le long terme, les dépenses en capital humain ont un effet positif sur la croissance économique au Mali, l’effet est plus important pour les dépenses de santé que les dépenses d’éducation. Au regard de ces résultats, les politiques économiques doivent porter sur, l’orientation des dépenses en capital humain vers les dépenses d'investissements dans le secteur de la santé et de l’éducation.
HEMŞİRELERİN KANITA DAYALI UYGULAMALARA YÖNELİK TUTUMLARI: TANIMLAYICI BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: AYGUN Ozcan , YILDIRIM Menevşe
Published: December 2021

Klinik uygulamaların kanıta dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilmesi hemşirenin mesleki sorumluluklarındandır. Hemşirelikte nitelikli bakımın sağlanması, bağımsız karar verilmesi ve mesleğin profesyonelleşmesinde kanıta dayalı uygulamaların önemi giderek artmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı hemşirelerin kanıta dayalı uygulamalara yönelik tutumlarının belirlenmesidir. Tanımlayıcı türdeki bu araştırmanın evrenini Fethiye’deki kamu ve özel hastanelerde çalışan tüm hemşireler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada ulaşılabilir örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmış ve araştırmaya katılmayı gönüllü olarak kabul eden tüm hemşireler çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmaya, katılım oranı %63 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Çalışmaya başlamadan önce etik kurul, kurum izni ve katılımcılardan onam alınmıştır. Araştırma verileri “Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu” ve “Kanıta Dayalı Hemşireliğe Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği (KDHYTÖ)” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veri toplama formları çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 202 hemşireye uygulanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; araştırmada sayı, yüzde ve ortalamalar, Mann Whitney U testi ve Kruskall Wallis H testi kullanılmıştır. Hemşirelerin, %89.1’i kadın ve yaş ortalaması 32.41±9.6’dır. Hemşirelerin %38.’i lisans eğitimi mezunu, yarıdan fazlası özel hastanelerde (%56.9) ve hastanelerin servislerinde (%59.4) çalışmakta, bulundukları kurumlarda çalışma süreleri ise ortalama 7.69±7.14 yıldır. Katılımcıların KDHYTÖ puan ortalaması 56.27’dir. Hastanelerin servislerinde çalışan hemşirelerin ölçek ve alt boyut puan ortalamalarının acil, ameliyathane ve yoğun bakım gibi özellikli birimlerde çalışanlara, eğitim durumu lisans düzeyinde olanların lise ve ön lisans mezunlarına göre daha yüksek ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir (p
Effective Management of Rare Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Using Sirolimus: Tablet Matrix with Hibiscus rosa sinensis Leave Mucilage
Authors: Abdul Ahad Hindustan , Chinthaginjala Haranath , Mohammed Salih Karar Abdalrahman , Mohammed Ali Saeed Musab Idris , Alla Elhaj Eltahir Alawad Aladin Khalaf
Published: December 2021

The authors aimed to extend the discharge of Sirolimus from the tablets with a blend of herbal and synthetic polymers. In this study, Sirolimus was taken as a model drug, Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose as a synthetic polymer and mucilage from Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaves as a natural polymer. Sirolimus is an orphan drug used to treat Lymphangioleiomyomatosis damage and to suppress body refuse towards the transplanted organs. Sirolimus matrix tablets made with the blend of Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaves mucilage and Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose. The blend was assessed for flow possessions and the designed tablets were categorized for official and non-official tests including Sirolimus discharge. The Sirolimus matrix tablets possess good Sirolimus content with passible pre and post-formulation parameters. The study concludes that there were no chemical interactions between Sirolimus with polymers used. The study also revealed that Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaves mucilage can be a good polymer in grouping with other polymers for prolonged drug discharge.
Development, Characterization and Evaluation of Ritonavir Nanosuspension Treatment of Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: V. Sonawane Shital , D. Maru Avish , P. Sonawane Mitesh
Published: December 2021

Oral nanosuspension of ritonavir was prepared by antisolvent precipitation method using various polymers such as Eudragit RS100, Poloxamer 407, SLS and Methanol.The effect of eudragit RS100 and poloxamer 407 used stabilizer and SLS is surfactant was investigated on particle size and distribution, drug content, entrapment efficiency was observed. Ritonavir is having low solubility and low permeability drug belonging to class-IV according to BCS. Drug-excipient compatibility and amorphous nature of ritonavir drug is prepared nanosuspension was confirmed by FTIR, DSC and Motic microscope studies, respectively. The nanosuspension was further evaluated for drug content, saturation solubility study and entrapment efficiency. The average particle size of ritonavir nanaosuspensions formulas was observed from 0.006 µm to 0.017 µm. The studied in the solubility and dissolution rate there are the increase solubility and dissolution rate of ritonavir nanosuspension.
Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems: An update
Authors: Swarnima Pandey , Kumar Sushant
Published: December 2021

The paper is aimed to provide a comprehensive review on nanoparticles, methods of preparation, applications in drug delivery. In recent years, there has been an exponential interest within the development of novel drug delivery systems using nanoparticles. Nanoparticles offers significant advantages over the conventional drug delivery in terms of high stability, high specificity, high drug carrying capacity, ability for controlled release, possibility to use in several route of administration and therefore the capability to deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug molecules. This review focuses on classification, methods of preparation, characterization, application, advantages of nanoparticles and health perspectives.
Pathfinder Nanosponges for Drug Targeting by Factorial Design:
A Glance Review
Authors: Abdul Ahad Hindustan , Chintaginjala Haranath , Rahamathulla Syed , Rupasree Aswarthanarayana , Sajan Kumar Anegondithimmappa , Prasanna Pallavi Barji
Published: December 2021

For a long time, drug delivery systems (DDS) have been targeted to get expected results. With nanotechnology-based DDS, a wide assortment of flawless challenges can be tackled at present. Known as a nanosponge, a nanosponge is a modern division of material consisting of tiny particles that transmit only a few nanometers. The nano-formulations are highly effective for the delivery of low-solubility drugs. Many drugs with narrow therapeutic windows can benefit from improving water solubility. It has even been claimed they can be utilized to target and control delivery. In addition, huge amounts of money have been spent on developing new formulations of the DDS in recent times. Learn how nanosponges are prepared, its advantages, and its disadvantages. Resources were consulted to comprehend recent enhancements and patents in the domain. The ideal DDS has been developed by combining many different formulations; nano sponges are one of them. Analysts have examined them and found that they produce positive results and can improve the stability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The drug will be released at the precise target site when it reaches the body and sticks to the surface of the target site. As medication maximum action declines, it is more difficult to formulate impotent drugs. Considering this, nanosponges are organized and examined to determine whether they are problematic. Nanosponges in drug delivery can be characterized by their characteristics, preparation, factors, and applications. The article was written based on research articles about nanosponges. Data on nanosponges drug delivery systems from the past decade was collected using a factorial design. Study authors report that factor design plays an imperative role in optimizing drug dosage forms. Researchers will save time by reviewing the literature on nanosponges via factorial designs instead of searching for it.
A Review on Nanoparticles: Preparation and Characterization of Nanoparticles
Authors: Manglik Saloni , Singh Jaya
Published: December 2021

The development of innovative medication delivery systems has increased at an exponential rate in the last few years. Nanoparticles are particles with a size of between one and one hundred nanometers. Nanoparticles provide substantial benefits over conventional drug administration in terms of high bioavailability, high stability, high drug-carrying capacity, and other characteristics. This review concentrated mostly on the classification of nanoparticles, the technique of synthesis, the evaluation of nanoparticles, and the list of FDA-approved nanomedicines now available on the market.
Cosmeceuticals and Nanotechnology in Beauty Care Products
Authors: Rathod Sanket , Shinde Ketaki , Shinde Namdeo , Aloorkar Nagesh
Published: December 2021

New technologies are booming in personal care industry. Nowadays, Cosmeceuticals as well as Nanotechnology are the favorite areas of interest in cosmetic industries. Cosmetic industry are updating and improving rapidly by implementing new trends and technologies. The term Cosmeceuticals was first coined in 1984 by Albert Kligman. The word Cosmeceuticals is fusion of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. It means they possess combination of cosmetic and pharmaceutical properties. In simple words cosmecuticals are applied topically as cosmetics but as we know that they contain pharmaceutical properties too so they affect the skin's biological function. In last 2 to 3 decades cosmeceutical market is booming in the cosmetic as well as pharmaceutical industries. Every person wants to look beautiful and use of cosmeceuticals is the current trend to beautify your outer look. Now cosmeceuticals is considered as one of the fastest growing segment of the natural personal care industry. The use of cosmeceuticals has radically scaled in last decades. Some new advancement and technologies are entering in this cosmetic industries i.e. nanotechnology. Since last few decades, the nanotechnology has been acquired importance in numerous areas of science. Nano science has grown greatly, reason behind that is nanomaterials have extensive applications in material science, engineering, and medicine. Nanocosmetics are over taking the new cosmeceutical market. Nanocarriers are used to deliver cosmecutical ingredients topically. Hence this review tries to understand the basic information of cosmeceuticals, nanocosmeticsand some other related advancement in cosmetic industry. The difference between drug, cosmetics, cosmeceuticals, nanocosmetics, is also considered in this article. This paper also aims to highlight the beauty care industry and tries to comprehensive information of cosmeceuticals and nanotechnology used in cosmetic industry.
An overview of Natural Superdisintegrants
Authors: Sharma Shushank
Published: December 2021

The oral route is the most convenient route of administration for various drugs. It is viewed as the most convenient, most secure, and economical route for patients. Fast disintegrating tablets are popular these days as they disintegrate in the mouth within a few seconds without the use of water. The burdens of regularly used medications in pediatric and geriatric patients have been overwhelmed by quick-dissolving tablets. Natural superdisintegrants have been used for fast-dissolving tablets because they are biodegradable, chemically inert, non-harmful, more affordable, and generally accessible. Natural polymer improves the properties of the tablet as it is commonly used as diluents and binders. Natural super disintegrants decrease the release time and give healthful results to the patients. Most polymers are obtained from nature, they are cost-effective, non-toxic, and non-irritants. Disintegration is the most important step for releasing the drug from the tablet matrix to decrease the disintegration time. In this, drug and polymers come in contact with water, it swells, hydrate, and react chemically to release the drug in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. Superdisintegrants are those substances that encourage the quick breaking down with a lesser amount contrasted with disintegrants. The quick disintegrants tablets are set up by utilizing suitable polymers which rely on the Physico-chemical properties of drugs and excipients, for example, drug and polymer compatibility, hardness and thickness of tablet, nature of drug and excipients, PH of drug and release parameters of drug formulation. Superdisintegrants are the vehicles added to tablet formulation to advance the breaking of tablets and capsules into small microparticles in aqueous media resulting in to increase in the surface area and promote quick drug release. The disintegrants have a significant capacity to oppose the efficacy of tablet binders and compression forces to form the tablet. Commonly there are three methods to incorporate disintegrants into the tablet: A. Inner addition, B. External expansion, C. Internal, and external addition. Most of the regularly based tablets are those expected to be swallow, disintegrate and release medicaments in the gastrointestinal tract but over a while tablets are manufactured to deliver medicaments in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract within few seconds of swallowing. It has been demonstrated that characteristic polymers are more effective than synthetic polymers. Some research is going to develop safe and effective medication with super disintegrating agents that can be dissolved rapidly to treat the disease.
Cosmetological competence of nail patches in combating onychomycosis-An approach to improve the quality of life
Authors: Thampi Limce , Kuriakose Rani K , Balakrishnan Aswani , P M Muhsena , Nelson Sona Grace , Lulu T M Fathima , Jayan Veena
Published: December 2021

Onychomycosis (Tinea unguium) is said to be the most common cosmetological nail fungal infection. Dermatophyte is a type of fungus that causes this condition. Discoloration and thickening of the nail are found to be the common symptoms of all nail diseases. In this scenario, Onychomycosis is considered as one of the cosmetic problems that leads to cellulitis in adults and diabetic patients. Anatomical structure of the nail and disease manifestations made nail disorders as a difficult endeavor. Onychomycosis is chronic and difficult to eradicate. Many oral antifungal agents are available for the treatment of nail infections. The oral and parenteral administration of antifungal agents can elevate the serum hepatic enzyme levels and causes typical hepatocellular injury within a few weeks of therapy. The goal of this review is to study the role of transungal delivery systems (nail patches) as a promising tool for onychomycosis to encounter the clinical conditions of the patient. Longer therapies and technical treatment methods may frustrate the patients. This novel antifungal therapy helps to avoid the surgical removal of nail for onychomycosis patients. Eradication of issues with Onychomycosis can be achieved by an excellent delivery system with deeper drug release and drug retention in the nail cuticle. Patients who are suffered from onychomycosis are facing embarrassment and disfigurement in the society. So, this newer treatment solution can improve the quality of life of patients.1-3
A Review on “Phytochemical and Pharmacological activity of
Bauhinia racemosa”
Authors: S Shaikh Habeeba , S Jadhav Ravindra , N Vikhe Dattaprasad
Published: December 2021

Nature has provide a medicinal agents since, for thousands of years and a impressive number of modern medicines. The medicines are isolated from natural sources; several supported their use in ancient medication. Higher plants, as sources of medicinal compounds, have continuing to play a dominant role in the upkeep of human health since ancient times. Over five hundredth of all trendy clinical medicine area units of natural product origin and play an necessary role in drug development programs in the pharmaceutical industry. Bauhinia racemosa Lam. are the plant which is broadly distributed in tropical climate regions. Bauhinia species are flowering trees found in Caesalpiniaceae family. The root and stem bark fibers which possesses curative properties. Ethnopharmacologically, varied elements of the plant starting from the bark of the plant to the gum obtained has been used in diseases like, Diarrhea, dysentery, fever etc. B. racemosa have the different photochemical constituents like flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, and tannins. several pharmacological actions of the plant already proved, that embrace anti-microbial, anthelmintic, antitumor activity. This review focus on the pharmacological actions and phytoconstituets of Bauhinia racemosa.
Pharmacological Potential of Natural Herbs against Covid-19: A Review
Authors: K. Shinde Priyanka , N. Vikhe Dattaprasad , S. Jadhav Ravindra , S. Shinde Ganesh
Published: December 2021

The unknown coronavirus has been unfold all over within the world. The primary case was declared in Dec 2019, and this coronavirus malady has become a virulent disease. Infection of this virus is directly attacked on the system of the flesh or animals. Nowdays there’s a deficiency of correct management or vaccinum out there to stop this malady that principally attacks the system of body. Hindrance is healthier than cure. This term is extremely renowned to any or all people. Thus currently this time has come back to used for our savings of lives. Ayurveda is the ancient system of drugs which is originated in India. During this covid -19 amount boosting of our system is that the excellent thanks to fight against this corona virus. Many seasoning plants unit accessible in our shut that unit used for immunity boosting throughout Covid 19. Some seasoning plants like Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera, Nyctanthes arbortristis that unit commonly used for immunity boosting. This herb contains compounds like glycosides, steroids, diterpenoid lactones, alkaloids, steroidal lactone,etc. vary of research unit accessible on Tinospora cordifolia, Ashwagandha, and Nyctanthes arbortristis to prove its immunomodulatory activity, anti-oxidant activity, anti- inflammatory activity, anti-pyretic activity. Throughout this general review we’ve a bent to targated on the role, drugs activities of Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera, Nyctanthes arbortristis to prevention and treatment of COVID 19 or CORANA VIRUS infection.
Կոմիտասի դաշնամուրային ժառանգության որոշ առանձնահատկությունների մասին
Authors: Ղազարյան Զարուհի
Published: December 2021

Հոդվածում վերլուծվում են Կոմիտասի ստեղծագործական ժառանգության փոքրածավալ, բայց շատ ինքնատիպ մասը կազմող դաշնամուրային երկերը։ Անդրադարձ է կատարվում Կոմիտասի «Պարերին», որը մանկավարժին և կատարողին ուղղորդում է գործիքը յուրահատուկ հնչեցնելու առանձնահատկություններին։ Զուգահեռներ են անցկացվում Կոմիտասի և հունգարացի կոմպոզիտոր Բելա Բարտոկի դաշնամուրային պիեսների միջև՝ Կոմիտասի «Երեք փոքրիկ պոլիֆոն շարանվագի» և Բ․ Բարտոկի «Միկրոկոսմոս» տետրի պիեսների օրինակով։ Գնահատական է տրվում Կոմիտասի դաշնամուրային պիեսներին՝ շեշտադրելով դրանց խիստ արտահայտված ազգային հենքը և գեղարվեստական արժեքը։ Անկասկած Կոմիտասի դաշնամուրային ստեղծագործությունները, ունենալով ուսուցողական նպատակ, կատարող-դաշնակահարին առաջարկում են դաշնամուրային նվագի տեխնիկական միջոցների բազմազանություն։ Ուստի կարևոր է ինչպես դաշնակահար ուսանողներին, այնպես էլ երաժշտական դպրոցների սկսնակ դաշնակահարներին սերմանել ազգային մտածողությունը և ճանաչողականությունը։
This paper analyzes the small but very original piano pieces of Komitas's creative heritage in detail. References are made to Komitas's Dances. They direct the pedagogue and performer to the peculiarities of making the instrument unique. Parallels are drawn between Komitas’s and Hungarian composer Bela Bartok's piano pieces; in particular, the examples of Komitas's Cycle of Three Little Polyphonic Pieces and Bartok’s Mikrokosmos are focused. Komitas's piano works are assessed emphasizing the national basis strongly expressed in them, as well as their artistic value. Undoubtedly, Komitas's piano works, having an educational purpose, offer the performer and pianist a variety of technical means of piano performance. Therefore, the paper tries to instill national thinking and cognition in both piano students and beginner pianists of music schools․
Կոմիտասյան մի երգի հայտնություն.«Ճեմում էի Բուրաստանում»․ Անտիպ ստեղծագործության վերականգնման փորձ
Authors: Մարտիրոսյան Աստղիկ
Published: December 2021

Կոմիտասի թողած երաժշտական ժառանգության մեջ իրենց ուրույն տեղն են զբաղեցնում կոմպոզիտորի ստեղծած մեղեդիներով երգերը: Վարդապետի արխիվում հայտնաբերեցինք մատիտագիր երգի ձեռագիր՝ ՝ գրված հայ բանաստեղծ Հովհաննես Հովհաննիսյանի (1864-1929) «Ճեմում էի բուրաստանում» (1888 թ.) բանաստեղծության հիման վրա: Ըստ մեր ունեցած տվյալների՝ բանաստեղծությունը Կոմիտասը երգի է վերածել Էջմիածնում, 1910 թ.: Այս առումով ձեռագիրն առավել հետաքրքիր է, քանի որ ընդգրկում է Կոմիտաս-կոմպոզիտորի հասուն ստեղծագործական շրջանը: Երեք տներից բաղկացած երգի մեղեդին, որին բնորոշ է ասերգային բնույթը, ամբողջականությունը, նվագակցության բաժնեմասըհագեցած է հայկական նոտագրության սղագիր հատվածներով՝ առկա է միայն հատվածաբար: Հոդվածը ներկայացնում է վերոնշյալ՝ մինչ օրս ամբողջությամբ չհրապարակված նյութը, այն համեմատում Կոմիտասի հասուն ստեղծագործական շրջանի մյուս ստեղծագործությունների, մասնավորաբար երգերի հետ, լուսաբանում ձեռագիրը և դրա ուրույնությունը՝ այսպիսով շրջանառության մեջ դնելով կոմիտասյան ձեռագրի ևս մի թանկարժեք պատառիկ:
Songs with his own melodies have a special place in the musical heritage left behind by Komitas. In Vardapet's archive, I found a handwritten song written in pencil by Armenian poet Hovhannes Hovhannisyan (1864-1929) based on the poem “I Was Strolling in the Orchard” (1888). According to my data, Komitas turned the poem into a song in Echmiadzin in 1910. In this sense, the writing is even more interesting because it includes the matured stage of Komitas as a composer. The melody of the song which consists of three verses and has a recitative style, is written completely; and the part of the piano accompaniment which is full of transcripts with Armenian notation is available fragmentarily only.The purpose of this paper is to present the mentioned song that has not been published in its entirety, as well as to compare it to other works from Komitas’s mature creative phase, especially his songs, and to cover the manuscript and its uniqueness, thus putting into circulation this precious piece of Komitas's manuscript.
Կոմիտասի գրադարանը
Authors: Սիմոնյան Սոնա
Published: December 2021

Կոմիտասից պահպանված գրականությունն ընդգրկում է 300-ից ավելի գիրք, որը չի կազմում նրա գրքացանկի ամբողջական թիվը։ Կոմիտասի գրքերն ուղեկցել են նրան իր կյանքի և գործունեության տարբեր ժամանակահատվածներում, ունեցել են տարբեր գործառույթներ և ծառայել են տարբեր նպատակների՝ կրթությունից մինչև մասնագիտական հետազոտություններ։ Հոդվածում դասակարգված է Կոմիտասի գրականությունը՝ ըստ մասնագիտական, գեղարվեստական և այլ ոլորտների, ներկայացված են տեղեկություններ որոշ գրքերի մասին, ինչպես նաև Կոմիտասի կրթության և գործունեության ճանապարհին այդ գրքերի դերն ու նշանակությունը։ Կոմիտասի գրադարանում ծավալուն տեղ են զբաղեցնում երաժշտական գրքերը՝ ներառյալ հոդվածներ, կլավիրներ, պարտիտուրներ, օպերաների լիբրետոներ և այլն։Կոմիտասի հիմնավոր երաժշտական կրթությունը, տարբեր երկրների և ժամանակների երաժշտության պատմության մասին աշխատությունները, հայ եկեղեցական և հոգևոր երաժշտության մասին մեծ թվով գիտական (ներառյալ խազաբանական) հետազոտությունները, կոմպոզիտորական, խմբավարական, կատարողական գործունեությունը առիթ են եղել բազմաբնույթ գրքերի ձեռքբերմանը։ Հարուստ և բազմատեսակ գրականության ձեռքբերմանը նպաստել են նաև Կոմիտասի մի քանի լեզուների իմացությունը, հետաքրքրությունը հայ և արտասահմանյան գեղարվեստական գրականության, արվեստի և գիտության այլ ճյուղերի հանդեպ։ Կոմիտասի երաժշտական գրականությունն ընդգրկում է երաժշտատեսական, պատմական, գեղագիտական, միջնադարագիտական, ֆոլկլորագիտական, կոմպոզիտորական, կատարողական, մանկավարժական-մեթոդաբանական գրքեր։
The preserved literature that we have received from Komitas includes more than 300 books, which is not the complete number of books on his list. Komitas's books accompanied him in different periods of his life and activities. They had different functions and served different purposes, from education to professional research. In this article, Komitas’s literature is classified according to professional, artistic, and other spheres. Their role and significance in Komitas’s education and activities is presented. Information about special books is also presented. Music books occupy a large place in Komitas's library, including articles, pianos, scores, librettos of operas, etc. Komitas's thorough musical education, works on the history of music of different countries, times, numerous scientific (including “Khaz”) studies on Armenian church music, composing, conducting, and performing activities have been the occasion for acquiring various books. The acquisition of rich and diverse literature was also facilitated by Komitas's knowledge of several languages, his interest in Armenian and foreign fiction, art, and other branches of science. Komitas's musical literature includes music theory, historical, aesthetic, medieval, folklore, composition, performance, and pedagogical-methodological books.
The Impact of Total Quality Management on E-Government Implementation in Jordanian Governmental Institutions
Authors: Alatoum Ali Abdallah , Mustafa Sohail Mohammad Bani
Published: December 2021

The primary goal of this research is to examine the impact of TQM and e-government on service quality within Jordanian public sector entities. To achieve the study's goal, a self-administered form was designed to elicit the opinions of seventy middle and senior managers from five government agencies.The study's significance stems from its arrangement to clarify the impact of Total Quality Management and data technology collaboration on public-sector reform programs. Specifically, to assess the impact of the integrated relationship between the use of e-government and TQM on the quality of service provided by Jordan's public sector.The study's findings revealed that the establishments studied used completely different dimensions of total quality management throughout the implementation of some stages of e-government. The findings also revealed a direct relationship between the development of Total Quality Management and e-government and service quality. Lastly, the study established the relationship and impact of the interaction between the application of TQM and e-government on public and service sector in Jordan.
Editorial: An urgency to (re)imagine dance in the age of distance
Authors: Martin Rose , Mabingo Alfdaniels
Published: December 2021

This special issue has been motivated by the transformation the world has experienced in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Major upheavals and change have occurred in light of this pandemic and there is now a forced reconsideration demanded of what dance is and how dance practitioners, educators, and researchers might continue their work in sustainable, relevant and accessible ways. With such change comes the possibility for dance to be transformed, reconsidered, and reimagined in ways that have implications for meanings, enaction, contexts, communities, practice, education, policy, and application.
Reconstructing dancer identities
Authors: Cosgrave Emma
Published: December 2021

The Coronavirus (Covid-19) continues to reshape many lives socially, politically, and economically. Choreographic practice, performance, and those involved in dance are also affected in different ways. This article investigates the research question: How might the event of Covid-19 prompt the transformation of freelance dancers’ identities? Through a qualitative narrative inquiry, three freelance contemporary dancers from Aotearoa/New Zealand were interviewed. From a thematic analysis of the data, the theme of alienation and adaptability were drawn out. This research reveals that the event of Covid-19 has caused freelance dancers to question their identity and precarity within their communities and shifted their position to advance a sense of security. The stories shared by the dancers revealed that industry practices and conditions for freelance contemporary dancers in Aotearoa/New Zealand need redevelopment for greater sustainability, relevance and inclusion, which could pave the way for industry changes to occur post-covid-19.
The Gender Dimension of Women’s Lingual Behavior in Polylingual Families and Partnerships
Authors:   Department of qualitative studies Kantar Ukraine, Molotsiian Anastasiia , Shelukhin Volodymyr ,   Taras Shevhcenko National University of Kyiv
Published: December 2021

The typical studies on national and language issues have a focus on macro-level of social structure. Despite the large number of available studies on gender inequality, in Ukraine in particular, the issue of including the gender aspect in the context of the reproduction of national identity has not been studied in detail. Given the postcolonial legacy of Ukrainian society, based on its status in relation to Russiain Soviet times, we can speak of the existence of hierarchy in the context of national identities, where language is one of its readable and expressive manifestations. Given the two hierarchical structures that exist in contemporary Ukrainian society, namely gender and national, the main question of the research paper is what the gender inequality contributes to changing language behaviors in polylingual families and partnerships in the context of postcolonial experience of Ukrainian society. The research uses conceptual distinction between „creole” and „native” patterns of national identity in Ukraine. This distinction is productive tool in reconstruction of interdependence between lingual behavior and national identity. The empirical basis of the research is a set of semi-structural interviews with women which changed their language in matrimony and/or partnership. The key research finding is that gender and postcolonial hierarchies tend to be highly interdependent. The research finds that factors of language change are different in the case of Ukrainian-speaking and Russian-speaking informants. The further research on this topic might be dedicated to following issue: is it relevant expectation that decreasing of gender inequality will have the effect on weakened of postcolonial hierarchies? Key words: lingual behavior, lingual fixity, polylingual family, partnership, postcolonial feminism.
The Impact of Migration Processes on Development
Authors:   Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, Vaculovschi Dorin
Published: December 2021

In recent years, international migration has been growing rapidly and has reached over 272 million people or 3.5% of the world's population, and 740 million people are considered internal migrants (IOM, 2020). Migration has become a defining feature of the modern global economy and the main factors behind its expansion are the processes of globalization itself, technical progress, the new economic order, etc. Since the early 1970s, governments in some countries have seen international migration as a major tool for economic development. Migration, especially labor migration, has become a defining element of economic development for the Republic of Moldova as well. Labor migration has become an important factor in combating poverty and increasing the welfare of the population of the Republic of Moldova. Moldova's economic growth over the last 20 years is due to remittances from migrant workers. There is a very close relationship between migration and Moldova's development prospects. The analysis of the impact of migration processes on the development perspectives of the Republic of Moldova, as well as the role of public authorities in the process of integrating migration into development strategies is the subject of this article.
Remittance trap: comparative approach of the Republic of Moldova and other ex-socialist countries
Authors:   Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, Benea-Popusoi Elina , Arivonici Polina ,   Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova
Published: December 2021

The objective of our analysis has been to find out and elaborate on why some countries could not benefit from remittance inflows sent by migrants or even are getting into traps due to them. In the authors’ view, the remittance trap may be appraised, notably in the long run, as the dilemma in which a country finds itself when the high value of migrant remittance inflows leads to a high value of human and financial capital outflows, as well as to the moral hazard problem of the country's population and government. Accordingly, remittance trap negatively affects the sustainable growth and development of the economy which eventually deepens the country's dependence on remittances, proving the vicious nature of the trap. Furthermore, the paper focuses on identifying a competent set of policy recommendations for the countries that are remittance dependent. A natural conclusion of our research is that there is a thin line between remittances’ advantages and disadvantages, since in fact, short-term benefits very often turn out into long-run side effects, mainly as a result of mismanagement of remittance inflows, which correlates with unfavourable business climate and decreased willingness of the population to invest. Accordingly, the benefits and adverse side effects of remittance inflows are interdependent.
Analysis of the Propagation Effects of Remittances on the Vulnerability of External Trade of the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, Diavor Mircea
Published: December 2021

In the Republic of Moldova remittances have become a much-discussed subject, the country ranking among the economies with the highest share of remittances in terms of GDP. What is more, remittances, unlike FDI, external trade and other sources of income, seem to have a significant impact on economic growth. Republic of Moldova is a small open economy vulnerable to external shocks. We will examine the effect of remittances on the balance of trade by creating an econometric model. Am attempt has also been made to capture the positive and negative spillovers that migrants’ remittances have on a country’s socio-economic development. Within the research a variety of analytical tools are employed including Granger causality tests, unit root tests, coupled with a structural vector auto regression (SVAR), impulse response function (IRF) analyses and variance decomposition. We find that net trade and remittances are closely associated and follow an almost identical path. Remittances have strong effect on the growth of negative net trade of the Republic of Moldova.
Intercultural Competence - Way to Solve the Problems of Today's World
Authors:   “Ion Creanga” State Pedagogical University, Republic of Moldova, Dorobantu-Dina Roxana
Published: December 2021

This article highlights the need to form intercultural competence, which is closely in line with the dynamics of globalization and migration - so much publicized in recent years. Intercultural education is the study discipline included in the Romanian National Curriculum starting with 2017, which is taught in the sixth grade, this being the alternative to open communication, understanding, tolerance, interaction, solidarity and intercultural dialogue between people - regardless of ethnicity, race, religion, social condition, etc. Based on theoretical and praxiological analysis regarding the formation of the intercultural competence to the students from the gymnasium classes, three stages imposed in the finalization of the pedagogical experiment are completed: finding, training and verification. The added value of the scientific research paper is supported by teacher training activities based on the theme presented, through the elaboration and application of the Initiation Guide in Education and Intercultural Competence. Increased attention was paid to the theoretical-applied foundations that formed the basis for the elaboration and application of the Pedagogical Model for the formation of intercultural competence to the students from the gymnasium classes.
ԿՈՍՏԱՆԴՆՈՒՊՈԼՍԻ ՀԱՅՈՑ ՊԱՏՐԻԱՐՔՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԵՎ ԷՋՄԻԱԾՆԻ ԿԱԹՈՂԻԿՈՍՈՒԹՅԱՆ
ՓՈԽՀԱՐԱԲԵՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԸ XVIII ԴԱՐՈՒՄ
Authors: Kharatyan Albert
Published: December 2021

In Armenian history of the 18th century the elucidation of relationships between Constantinople Patriarchate and Etchmiadzin Catholicosate is of pivotal significance. When the Constantinople patriarchate was headed by Hovhannes Kolot
and Hakob Nalian (from 1715 up to the beginning of the 1770s) its standing and
influence increased among the priesthood of the Mother See of Etchmiadzin. The
two essential institutions were under the jurisdiction of Ottoman Turkey and Persia
and it was in this period that the internal and external policies were changing constantly in these countries. The Etchmiadzin Catholicosate, being under adverse
political circumstances ceded its influence to the rivaling Constantinople Patriarchate that was in more favorable conditions. Since Karapet Ulentsi’s election (1726)
up to the rule of the Catholicos Simeon Yerevantsi the Constantinople Patriarchate
managed to take control over Etchmiadzin (new regulations for appointing Catholicosses which entailed immediate mediation of the Constantinople Patriarchate, supervising the financial, administrative activities of the Catholicosate, etc.) The situation drastically changed when Simeon Yerevantsi and Ghukas Karnetsi became the
head of the Etchmiadzin Catholicosate (the second half of the 18th century). It was
then that the Armenians of Diaspora realized that it was necessary to recover the
traditional standing and influence of Etchmiadzin Catholicosate.
«ՍԻՐԻԱՀԱՅԵՐԻ ՄԻՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ» ՀԱՍԱՐԱԿԱԿԱՆ ԿԱԶՄԱԿԵՐՊՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԱՋԱԿՑՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆ ՆԵՐԳԱՂԹԱԾ ՀԱՅՐԵՆԱԿԻՑՆԵՐԻՆ ԳՈՐԾԱՐԱՐ ՈԼՈՐՏՈՒՄ (2013-2018 ԹԹ.)
Authors: Avagyan Knarik
Published: December 2021

The Syrian-Armenian businessmen, who repatriated to Armenia, being personally aware of the problems of their compatriots in the new conditions, as well as aiming to alleviate the existing worries, created a unique compatriotic union of workers-entrepreneurs – the "Union of Syrian-Armenians" non-governmental organization, through which was organized and implemented professional advice, protection and support to them. Our compatriots, members of the "Union of Syrian-Armenians" NGO, who believe in settling in the Homeland and perceiving the main motives for the emigration of Syrian-Armenians from Armenia, in collaboration with the government of the Republic of Armenian, worked on an important job – to overcome the existing gaps and shortcomings, which may become an instructive example to avoid such problems during further repatriations. In a short time, the members of the "Union of Syrian-Armenians" NGO were able to understand the circumstances that become an obstacle for Syrian-Armenians in business world and in other spheres of Armeniasocial life and practically were engaged to overcome them, receiving the support of various state and international structures.