bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification et protection des corridors naturels de part et d’autre de l’autoroute 10 (Estrie et Montérégie Est) et amélioration de sa perméabilité faunique : premiers résultats
Authors: Daguet Caroline , Lelièvre Mélanie
Published: October 2019

L’autoroute 10 fragmente les milieux naturels des montagnes Vertes du Nord, un segment des Appalaches du sud du Québec. L’objectif de Corridor appalachien et ses partenaires est de maintenir ou de restaurer la connectivité des habitats de part et d’autre de cet élément de fragmentation. L’approche multiple retenue pour y parvenir passe d’abord par l’identification des corridors naturels de part et d’autre de l’autoroute 10 et des passages à aménager afin d’en améliorer la perméabilité faunique. Le protocole, la collecte de données et les premières analyses vers une telle identification ont été respectivement élaborés et réalisés en partenariat avec des acteurs des domaines de la recherche et de la conservation, ainsi que des représentants des ministères provinciaux concernés. Elle implique également une concertation indispensable avec les instances municipales et les groupes de conservation locaux afin de maintenir ou de restaurer la connectivité écologique, en protégeant les milieux naturels dans les corridors identifiés. Cette approche multidisciplinaire et des partenariats solides sont essentiels à l’atteinte de résultats concrets dans l’amélioration de la sécurité routière, de la perméabilité faunique de l’autoroute 10 et de la protection de la connectivité écologique du territoire pour le maintien de la biodiversité et l’adaptation aux changements climatiques.
Détermination des facteurs spatiotemporels expliquant le risque de collision routière avec des cervidés sur l’autoroute Claude-Béchard (85) au Témiscouata
Authors: Laliberté Jérôme , St-Laurent Martin-Hugues
Published: October 2019

Une stratégie efficace d’atténuation des collisions routières impliquant la faune requiert de bonnes connaissances des facteurs pouvant expliquer pourquoi, où et quand celles-ci se produisent, afin d’améliorer la sécurité routière. Les collisions routières impliquant des cervidés sont reconnues pour être influencées notamment par des caractéristiques temporelles (phase du jour, saison, période biologique) et spatiales (topographie, couvert forestier). Ces facteurs peuvent influencer le comportement des cervidés, la capacité des conducteurs à détecter les animaux sur la chaussée et leur temps de réaction. Nous avons évalué l’effet des différentes caractéristiques spatiotemporelles sur le risque de collisions avec l’orignal (Alces americanus) et le cerf de Virginie (Odocoileus virginianus) sur l’autoroute Claude-Béchard (axe routier 85/185) reliant Rivière-du-Loup (Québec) au Nouveau-Brunswick, pour la période de 1990 à 2015. Notre capacité à identifier les principaux facteurs expliquant la distribution spatiotemporelle des collisions différait entre les espèces, et était meilleure pour l’orignal que pour le cerf. Les facteurs identifiés dans notre étude peuvent contribuer au développement d’une stratégie d’atténuation pour l’autoroute Claude-Béchard et à limiter le risque de collision, principalement avec l’orignal, tout en apportant de plus amples connaissances sur la répartition des collisions routières avec les cervidés dans un paysage agroforestier habité supportant de fortes densités de cervidés.
Élargissement de l’autoroute 69 : la route sous le premier écopont de l’Ontario
Authors: Healy Andrew
Published: October 2019

La nouvelle autoroute 69 à 4 voies au sud de Sudbury, en Ontario, est un modèle d’intégration de considérations écologiques aux phases de conception et de construction d’une autoroute. La section de 10 km au nord de l’autoroute 637, achevée en 2012, comprend le premier réseau intégré de la province en ce qui concerne les passages fauniques tant pour les grands mammifères que pour les reptiles, ainsi que le premier passage faunique supérieur (écopont) de l’Ontario. Cet article présente le processus de planification entrepris lors du projet, les détails de conception, et les résultats des 5 premières années d’évaluation de l’efficacité des mesures d’atténuation d’impacts sur la grande faune. Le suivi post-construction continue à faire ressortir les succès et les défis des mesures d’atténuation, et il influencera les modifications à apporter dans les contrats de construction au cours des prochaines phases d’élargissement de l’autoroute, de la conception à la construction. L’objectif ultime est de construire 140 km d’autoroute à 4 voies et d’en faire la section autoroutière présentant le plus de mesures d’atténuation d’impacts sur la faune en Ontario, tant pour les grands mammifères que pour les espèces de tortues et de serpents en situation précaire.
Conceptions de la diversité ethnoculturelle dans la formation en enseignement au Québec : un exercice de mise en visibilité des rapports sociaux de race
Authors: Larochelle-Audet Julie
Published: October 2019

Vingt ans après l’adoption de la Politique d’intégration scolaire et d’éducation interculturelle (Ministère de l’Éducation, 1998), sa transposition dans les programmes de formation initiale en enseignement fait l’objet d’un bilan mitigé (Larochelle-Audet, Magnan, Potvin et D’Arrisso, 2018). Alors que des discours racistes se banalisent dans l’espace public (Potvin, 2008, 2016), les lacunes constatées dans la formation mettent en question les limites de ces orientations pluralistes. Cet article se penche en particulier sur les conceptions et les usages de la notion de diversité ethnoculturelle dans la formation en enseignement, et plus largement dans l’institution éducative québécoise. Il présente les résultats d’une analyse secondaire de données initialement collectées dans le cadre d’une recherche de maîtrise auprès de neuf professeures de trois universités francophones (Larochelle-Audet, 2014a). À partir d’outils conceptuels du féminisme matérialiste, des fragments permettant de voir les rapports sociaux de race sont assemblés de manière à révéler comment ces rapports sont à la fois dissimulés et réifiés par cette notion. Cet exercice de mise en visibilité s’intéresse successivement à la diversité ethnoculturelle comme contenu de formation, comme propriété de certains groupes de personnes et, enfin, comme voile s’inscrivant dans une logique d’effacement du racisme (Dhume, El Massioui et Sotto, 2016).
Représentations du personnel enseignant sur les inégalités scolaires vécues par les élèves issus de l’immigration : quels enjeux pour la formation?
Authors: Heine Audrey
Published: October 2019

Dans cette contribution, notre attention se porte sur l’analyse des représentations des enseignants et des enseignantes par rapport à la gestion de la diversité culturelle dans le système éducatif belge francophone. En effet, dans ce système, les inégalités subies par les élèves issus de l’immigration sont importantes (ségrégation et relégation scolaire), ces élèves expriment d’ailleurs un fort sentiment d’injustice dans des enquêtes de rapportage sur la discrimination. Mais si les études portant sur les perceptions des élèves sont nombreuses, il existe peu de recherches sur les perceptions du personnel enseignant. Or ces représentations constituent un levier d’action important pour la formation (éveil et conscientisation des stéréotypes et réflexion sur les pratiques pédagogiques). En effet, en Belgique, non seulement, le personnel dispose de peu de formation en gestion de la diversité culturelle, mais en plus les politiques éducatives générales intègrent peu cette dimension dans leurs prescrits.

Dès lors, nous avons réalisé une enquête auprès de 50 enseignants et enseignantes pour identifier : 1) dans quelle mesure ils avaient conscience des inégalités vécues par les élèves issus de l’immigration; et 2) leurs mécanismes d’attribution causale des parcours scolaires de ces élèves (à quoi attribuent-ils l’échec ou la réussite scolaire de ces élèves?). L’analyse des résultats met en évidence le peu de conscience des inégalités par le personnel enseignant, ainsi qu’une association avec des attributions internes (les parcours scolaires sont attribués aux compétences et aux habiletés des élèves). Au contraire, le fait de percevoir les inégalités permet de développer les attributions externes et liées au système. Ces différents résultats sont envisagés au regard des enjeux de la formation du personnel enseignant.
Le milieu scolaire québécois face aux défis de l’accueil des élèves réfugiés : quels enjeux pour la gouvernance scolaire et la formation des intervenants scolaires?
Authors: Papazian-Zohrabian Garine , Mamprin Caterina , Lemire Vanessa , Turpin-Samson Alyssa , Hassan Ghayda , Rousseau Cécile , Aoun Ray
Published: October 2019

En 2015 et en 2016, le Québec accueille plus de 7 583 réfugiés syriens. À la suite de cette arrivée importante, plusieurs écoles se mobilisent pour faciliter l’accueil des nouveaux élèves. Dans ce contexte psychosocial particulier et grâce à une subvention du Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada, nous menons une recherche-action intitulée Favoriser l’intégration sociale et scolaire des élèves réfugiés syriens en développant leur sentiment d’appartenance à l’école, leur bien-être psychologique et celui de leurs familles. Cet article reprend certains résultats de cette recherche menée dans trois écoles de la région montréalaise auprès d’élèves syriens de cinq classes d’accueil du primaire et du secondaire. Les données découlent de groupes de parole menés avec les élèves sur des thèmes sensibles (p. ex., la migration, la différence, la mort), d’entrevues de groupe avec le personnel enseignant des classes d’accueil et d’entrevues individuelles avec les directions adjointes des écoles participantes. La documentation de l’implantation de cette action et de son influence sur le développement du bien-être et du sentiment d’appartenance des élèves permet de mettre en relief un certain mal-être des jeunes, des difficultés d’intégration socioscolaire, un manque de ressources humaines et matérielles, ainsi qu’un besoin en formation des divers acteurs scolaires. Les résultats de la recherche permettent de dégager plusieurs enjeux relatifs à la gouvernance et à la formation des acteurs scolaires.
Does Perceptual Learning Style Matching Affect L2 Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition through Reading?
Authors: Hatami Sarvenaz
Published: October 2019

Learning style matching is a neglected factor that may affect the complex process of second language (L2) incidental vocabulary acquisition through reading. The purpose of the current study is to investigate whether there is any difference in L2 incidental vocabulary acquisition and retention through reading when learners’ perceptual learning style is matched to their input mode, mismatched to their input mode, or mixed. The participants were 108 Iranian English as a foreign language (EFL) learners at pre-intermediate levels of English proficiency. Based on their perceptual learning style preferences (visual, auditory, kinaesthetic/tactile, mixed), they were divided into a reading group (consisting of three subgroups: Matched, Mismatched, Mixed) and a control group. The reading group read a graded reader containing 16 target words and then completed immediate and delayed (3 weeks later) vocabulary post-tests. The results revealed no significant differences between the three reading subgroups in terms of incidental vocabulary acquisition and retention. The findings suggest that perceptual learning style matching has no benefits for incidental word learning through reading.
Brian Cherney’s String Trio: Transcendent Pedagogy and the Spiritualization of Technique
Authors: Schultz Arlan N.
Published: October 2019

Brian Cherney’s pedagogical and compositional philosophy is examined from the perspective of transcendent intention. Both in teaching composition and in his own works, Cherney emphasizes technique, attention to details, a convincing formal architecture, and the power of music to give expression to fundamental human emotions and experiences. Drawing upon the philosopher Henri Bergson’s concepts about the “nature of creative consciousness,” the author finds striking parallels between Bergson’s ideas and Cherney’s music. Analytical observations on Cherney’s String Trio are tied to the composer’s pedagogical approach, which profoundly influenced the author both as a composer and as a teacher. Cherney’s String Trio confronts the listener with a work in which the spiritual expression of a universal impermanence is manifested in the music itself in various ways that are illuminated and discussed using specific musical examples.
Texts—Textures—Intertexts: Brian Cherney’s Transfiguration (1990)
Authors: Ricketts Matthew
Published: October 2019

Transfiguration ([1990] 1991) is one of Brian Cherney’s most ambitious compositions. Scored for large orchestra, the piece explores how memories transfigure reality and what that process might sound like. Cherney weaves together a dizzying mise en abyme of quotations—from the canonic repertoire, simulacra of European folk tunes, and his own earlier music (including most prominently Shekhinah for solo viola from [1988] 1992). Orchestral textures alternatively obscure and reveal material both directly and indirectly related to and inspired by the Holocaust, including the photograph of a Hungarian Jewish woman at Auschwitz who haunts the work. The fleeting figure of this unknown woman is represented in the way that material is transfigured—lost, re-emerging, and lost again—throughout. This article focuses on Transfiguration as an apotheosis of Cherney’s interest in the relationship between orchestral texture and intertextuality.
Les documents audiovisuels numériques d’archives
Authors: Côté-Lapointe Simon
Published: October 2019

Les documents audiovisuels numériques d’archives (DANA) sont de plus en plus une composante du numérique et leur croissance est exponentielle. Cependant, il existe un écart à combler entre les usages et pratiques actuels des DANA et les services offerts en ligne par les institutions patrimoniales. Cet écart entre les usages actuels et les services découle notamment d’une lacune dans la définition des propriétés et caractéristiques des DANA. Or, la prise en compte de celles-ci est essentielle pour mettre en place des modalités d’organisation et de diffusion des DANA qui facilitent leur utilisation. Dans un premier temps, l’analyse des aspects du document, de l’audiovisuel, des archives et du numérique met en lumière ces propriétés et caractéristiques; ce qui amène à considérer dans un deuxième temps plusieurs pistes de solutions concrètes : du point de vue des contenus, de la transmission et de l’exploitation archivistique, de l’accès numérique, des rapports entre usagers et institutions et enfin des développements technologiques futurs afin d’améliorer l’adéquation entre, d’une part, les DANA et leurs usagers et, de l’autre part, les moyens et modalités mis en place par les institutions sur le Web.
Plasticity of cell migration resulting from mechanochemical coupling
Authors: Cao Yuansheng , Ghabache Elisabeth , Rappel Wouter-Jan
Published: October 2019

Eukaryotic cells can migrate using different modes, ranging from amoeboid-like, during which actin filled protrusions come and go, to keratocyte-like, characterized by a stable morphology and persistent motion. How cells can switch between these modes is not well understood but waves of signaling events are thought to play an important role in these transitions. Here we present a simple two-component biochemical reaction-diffusion model based on relaxation oscillators and couple this to a model for the mechanics of cell deformations. Different migration modes, including amoeboid-like and keratocyte-like, naturally emerge through transitions determined by interactions between biochemical traveling waves, cell mechanics and morphology. The model predictions are explicitly verified by systematically reducing the protrusive force of the actin network in experiments using Dictyostelium discoideum cells. Our results indicate the importance of coupling signaling events to cell mechanics and morphology and may be applicable in a wide variety of cell motility systems.
Monosynaptic tracing maps brain-wide afferent oligodendrocyte precursor cell connectivity
Authors: Mount Christopher W , Yalçın Belgin , Cunliffe-Koehler Kennedy , Sundaresh Shree , Monje Michelle
Published: October 2019

Neurons form bona fide synapses with oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), but the circuit context of these neuron to OPC synapses remains incompletely understood. Using monosynaptically-restricted rabies virus tracing of OPC afferents, we identified extensive afferent synaptic inputs to OPCs residing in secondary motor cortex, corpus callosum, and primary somatosensory cortex of adult mice. These inputs primarily arise from functionally-interconnecting cortical areas and thalamic nuclei, illustrating that OPCs have strikingly comprehensive synaptic access to brain-wide projection networks. Quantification of these inputs revealed excitatory and inhibitory components that are consistent in number across brain regions and stable in barrel cortex despite whisker trimming-induced sensory deprivation.
EU Law Restitution Revisited: In Search of Lost Criteria
Authors: Strand Magnus
Published: October 2019

Since Francovich it seems the damages remedy has become The Remedy for individuals suffering economic loss by reason of EU law infringements by Member States. There is however an alternative to damages in private enforcement of EU law, in fact an antecedent to Francovich: Restitution by reason of a breach of EU law. Nonetheless, the criteria for restitution from a Member State, by reason of its breach of WU law, still remain neglected in comparison to the close attention and debates surrounding the criteria for the damages action against Member State. The purpose of this contribution is thus to identify and to discuss the distinctive elements of restitution as a remedy in the event of a breach of EU law by a Member State. Focus is on the very criteria that constitute legal basis for a claim of restitution from a Member State under EU law and the extent to which those criteria should be governed by EU law or by national law. Less attention is devoted to exceptions from liability to make restitution, although their existence in the case law is duly noted. The criteria identified in the case law are (1) the existence of a substantive right conferred on the claimant by EU law, (2) the existence of a payment from the claimant, collect by or on behalf of Member State, (3) the incompatibility of the basis of that payment with EU law, and ((4) that the payment follows as an inevitable consequence of the breach of EU law by the Member State. Case law hints on the more precise legal content of the criteria are examined in an attempt to shed light on their proper interpretation and application. It is noted that the second and the third criteria cannot, on the basis of existing case law, be defined with precision. In that connection it is discussed whether the second criterion should be subdivided into two criteria: Impoverishment of the claimant and enrichment of the Member State. As regards to the fourth criterion it is noted that it is uncertain whether it applies at all. Finally it is submitted that some of the difficulties could be overcome if the Court of Justice were to distinguish clear cases of repayment of charges levied by a Member State institution or agency in breach of EU law from more difficult cases of possible liability by reason of the enrichment of Member States.
Developments in the Case Law of the EU Courts in Competition Law in 2016
Authors: Peres Catarina Vieira
Published: October 2019

In this report we intend to briefly describe some of the most relevant cases of the General Court and the Court of Justice adopted during 2016 in Competition Law. During this year, there have been many interesting developments in what concerns both Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and State aids. There haven't been many cases on mergers or Article 102 TFEU, where the Court of Justice's decision in Intel's case is still awaited.
Party Autonomy: Removing Obstacles to Legal Diversity in the European Market
Authors: Patrão Afonso
Published: October 2019

One of the main obstacles to the internal market is legal diversity: Member States often adopt different legal standards not only within public and economic law but also with regard to private law. The traditional approach of European Institutions (harmonising legislation among Member States) was soon complemented by the principle of mutual recognition; these two methodologies embodied the European strategy for minimising the problem. However, a third European tool is becoming obvious: to give private parties the ability to choose the applicable law. This new approach enhances regulatory competition among Member States and turns unessential the unification of national rules, which suits best the proportionality principle. Party autonomy as a means for overcoming the difficulties of legal diversity is not only a reality in European statutory law – which already brought the ability for choosing the applicable law to contracts, torts, divorce, inheritance, alimony, matrimonial property – but is also highlighted in ECJ’s case-law, which declared legal diversity is not a barrier to the basic freedoms as long as parties may choose the applicable rules. The article will focus on the grounds and advantages of this method to address the issue of legal diversity, advocating its use in areas where the traditional approach is ineffective or impossible (such as some rights in rem, within the scope of the freedom of movement of capital).
The Boundaries of EU Copyright Law: Cheese, Jeans and a Military Report in the Court of Justice
Authors: Silva Nuno Sousa e
Published: October 2019

Copyright is a centrepiece in the ongoing construction of the digital single market. Evidently, copyright only applies to works. Thus, the definition of its scope lies in knowing what a work is. Although that was not envisioned nor intended by the lawmaker, the Court of Justice has adopted a European notion of work in its controversial decision C-5/08, Infopaq, conflating it with the one of originality. Such an approach has been confirmed and expanded by subsequent case law. The Court has already fleshed out the main criterion for a creation to enjoy copyright – it must be original in the sense of being the author’s own creation – and seems to reject any additional criteria. However, the boundaries of the European notion of work are still unknown. Some recent preliminary ruling requests will allow some clarification. One asks about the possibility of copyright protection for the taste of a specific cheese (C-310/17, Levola Hengelo). Another one deals with the protection of a fashion design for jeans (C-683/17, Cofemel) and yet another concerns a military report (C-469/17, Funke Medien). After describing the evolution of the law on the EU notion of copyright, this article frames and critically analyses the questions surrounding these cases, proposes answers thereto and makes a prediction of the outcome, i.e. the Court’s decision, in each of them.
PEMS-on board and E3 Modeling: A Comparison between Real-World Measurement and Emissions Estimates from Construction Equipment
Authors: M. Hajji Apif M. Hajji , Larasati Aisyah , P. Lewis Michael , Yue Huang
Published: October 2019

Vehicles in construction industry are typically powered by diesel engines and are considered to be an off-road source of air pollution. Air pollutant emissions include nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbons (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO). Any engine that combusts a nonrenewable carbonaceous fuel will have net emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). Economic-Energy-Environmental (E3) model, a statistical-modeled tool, is developed by combining a multiple linear regression (MLR) approach for modeling equipment productivity with the emissions calculation algorithm from Environment Protection Agency (EPA)’s NONROAD model. This paper compares emissions data between the field data to E3 model outputs, and  determines the similarity of the two sources of fuel use data. It is expected the two data are not narrowly similar since the field data are for individual vehicles, while E3 results are based on NONROAD model, which was intended to estimate average fuel use for a fleet of Heavy-Duty Diesel (HDD) equipment.
Analysis of Different Stripe Connectors for a Gabion Wall based on Woven Waste Tire Stripes
Authors: Apriyono Arwan , Sumiyanto Sumiyanto , Yanto Yanto , Iswahyudi Sachrul , Pamungkas Rino Wahyu
Published: October 2019

In this research, woven waste tire stripes are proposed as an alternative material to wire mesh to make a gabion wall. The performance of the waste tire stripe-based gabion wall is highly dependent on the strength of its stripe, where the stripe connector plays an important role. This research aims to inspect the behavior of different stripe connectors for the gabion wall. To achieve this, a physical model was built and employed to test the strength of the gabion wall. Various stripe connectors are used; adhesive rubber glue, one inch nail, and two mm wire. The strength capacity of the models was determined from the maximum stress before failure. The strength capacities of the models are 83.197, 59.426 and 62.397 kPa for the wire, nail, and glue connector, respectively. Hence, it can be inferred that the wire connector is the strongest of the three connectors.
Seismic Vulnerability Maps of Ratu Agung District, Bengkulu City, Indonesia
Authors: Mase Lindung Zalbuin
Published: October 2019

During the 8.6 Mw Bengkulu-Mentawai Earthquake Ratu Agung District was identified as an impacted area. This paper aims to deliver the seismic vulnerability based on geophysical observation. This study was initiated by performing the ambient noise measurement to obtain the geophysical characteristic, such as amplification and predominant frequency. Furthermore, the vulnerability index analysis was performed from the geophysical information collected from the investigation. To observe the tendency of ground damage during the earthquake, ground damages analysis is also performed. All results are depicted into the microzonation maps. The results showed that the amplification and predominant frequency on site are generally ranging from 3 to 5 and 5 to 8 Hz, respectively. The seismic vulnerability index in study area is up to 10-3. The results showed that during the Bengkulu-Mentawai Earthquake, the investigated sites could be possible to undergo crack settlement which can trigger massive sand boiling in the study area.
Investigation of collaborative inhibition for key‐term definitions
Authors: Wissman Kathryn T.
Published: October 2019

Collaborative inhibition is the counterintuitive finding that learners working in a group recall less information compared with the combined nonredundant output of the same number of learners working individually (Weldon & Bellinger, 1997). Although research has shown that collaborative inhibition occurs for a variety of to‐be‐learned material, no research has evaluated whether the effect emerges for key‐term definitions. In two experiments, learners individually studied key‐term definitions during an initial study phase. Learners then completed a retrieval practice phase, which occurred either collaboratively or individually. After a delay, all learners individually completed a final test phase. Performance during the retrieval practice phase is of greatest interest for present purposes. Results established collaborative inhibition such that recall was lower for learners in the collaborative group versus the individual group, which provides novel evidence to the collaborative memory literature by demonstrating that the effect emerges with key‐term definitions.
The prevalence of declarative and indirect yes/no Questions when children testify in criminal cases of child sexual abuse in the United States
Authors: Stolzenberg Stacia N. , Morse Stephanie J. , Haverkate Danielle L. , Garcia‐Johnson Anastacia M.
Published: October 2019

The present study assessed how attorneys questioned children in cases of child sexual abuse in the United States tried between 2005 and 2015. Trial testimonies (N = 134) of 5‐ to 17‐year‐olds (M = 12 years old) were coded for the linguistic form of attorneys' questions and children's subsequent responses. Three fourths of all questions were closed ended. Both declarative (statement question; e.g., “And he hit you?”; 21% of questions) and indirect yes/no questions (beginning with an indirect speech act; e.g., “Do you remember X?”; 11% of questions) were common, and produced potentially problematic responses, in comparison with forced‐choice and yes/no questions. Declarative questions elicited the highest rates of unelaborative responses whereas indirect yes/no questions elicited the highest rate of nonsubstantive responses. The findings highlight the importance for researchers to better assess children's responses to declarative questions and for prosecuting attorneys to cautiously use declarative and indirect yes/no questions when questioning children.
Water‐Triggered Hyperbranched Polymer Universal Adhesives: From Strong Underwater Adhesion to Rapid Sealing Hemostasis
Authors: Cui Chunyan , Fan Chuanchuan , Wu Yuanhao , Xiao Meng , Wu Tengling , Zhang Dongfei , Chen Xinyu , Liu Bo , Xu Ziyang , Qu Bo , Liu Wenguang
Published: October 2019

Despite recent advance in bioinspired adhesives, achieving strong adhesion and sealing hemostasis in aqueous and blood environments is challenging. A hyperbranched polymer (HBP) with a hydrophobic backbone and hydrophilic adhesive catechol side branches is designed and synthesized based on Michael addition reaction of multi‐vinyl monomers with dopamine. It is demonstrated that upon contacting water, the hydrophobic chains self‐aggregate to form coacervates quickly, displacing water molecules on the adherent surface to trigger increased exposure of catechol groups and thus rapidly strong adhesion to diverse materials from low surface energy to high energy in various environments, such as deionized water, sea water, PBS, and a wide range of pH solutions (pH = 3 to 11) without use of any oxidant. Also, this HBP adhesive (HBPA) exhibits a robust adhesion to fractured bone, precluding the problem of mismatched surface energy and mechanical properties. The HBPA's adhesion is repeatable in a wet condition. Intriguingly, the HBPA is capable of gluing dissimilar materials with distinct properties. Importantly, introducing long alkylamine into this modular hyperbranched architecture contributes to formation of an injectable hemostatic sealant that can rapidly stop visceral bleeding, especially hemorrhage from deep wound.
Polarized Light‐Manipulated Magnetization of Organic Chiral Magnets
Authors: Gao Mingsheng , Wang Zhongxuan , Qin Wei
Published: October 2019

In this work, room‐temperature organic chiral helical charge‐transfer ferromagnets are fabricated with a high thermal stability. Compared with achiral ferromagnets, involving chirality‐generated orbital angular momentum in chiral magnets will increase the value of magnetization. Under the stimulus of light, both right‐handed and left‐handed circularly polarized light can enhance the magnetization performance in chiral helical charge‐transfer magnets compared with linearly polarized light with an identical intensity. Moreover, the extinction ratio of transmission light can be tuned through applying an external magnetic field in this chiral helical system. Thus, it is expected that the organic chiral charge‐transfer magnets have enormous potential for the application of optical communication and polarized light detection.
Plating/Stripping Behavior of Actual Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Liu He , Cheng Xin‐Bing , Xu Rui , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Yan Chong , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang
Published: October 2019

Lithium (Li) metal anodes exhibits the potential to enable rechargeable Li batteries with a high energy density. However, the irreversible plating and stripping behaviors of Li metal anodes with high reactivity and dendrite growth when matching different cathodes in working cells are not fully understood yet. Herein the working manner of very thin Li metal anodes (50 µm, 10 mAh cm−2) is probed with different sequences of Li plating and stripping at 3.0 mA cm−2 and 3.0 mAh cm−2. Dendrite growth and dead Li forms on the surface of the initially plated Li electrode (P‐Li), while Li dendrites form in the pit of the initially stripped Li electrode (S‐Li). This induces the differences in reactive sites, distribution of dead Li, and voltage polarization of Li metal anodes. There is a gap of 15–20 and 13–16 mV for the end voltages between S‐Li and P‐Li during stripping and plating, respectively. When matching LiFePO4 and FePO4 cathodes, P‐Li | LiFePO4 cells exhibit a 30‐cycle longer lifespan with smaller end polarization due to differences in the sequences of Li plating and stripping. This contribution affords emerging working principles for actual Li metal anodes when matching lithium‐containing and lithium‐free cathodes.
Mechanical properties of poly(ε‐caprolactone) composites with electrospun cellulose nanofibers surface modified by 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane
Authors: Inukai Shunya , Kurokawa Naruki , Hotta Atsushi
Published: October 2019

To enhance the reinforcement effects of regenerated cellulose nanofibers (RC‐NF) in poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), we synthesized RC‐NF‐3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS), the surface‐modified RC‐NF by APS. The RC‐NF were fabricated by the saponification of electrospun cellulose–acetate nanofibers. The surface modification by APS was confirmed by the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To enhance the mechanical property of PCL, the RC‐NF and the RC‐NF‐APS were separately compounded into PCL by compression molding. It was found that, when the fiber concentration of RC‐NF‐APS was 17 wt %, the Young's modulus at room temperature increased from 698.0 to 744.7 MPa, whereas the storage modulus at 55 °C almost increased from 180 to 220 MPa. The micrographs of the fracture surface of the composites revealed that the surface modification prevented the pull‐out of RC‐NF from PCL. It was concluded that the mechanical properties of the composites were enhanced due to the improvement of the compatibility between RC‐NF and PCL by the surface modification with APS. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48599.
Comparison of Team‐Based Learning versus Traditional Lectures in Neuroanatomy: Medical Student Knowledge and Satisfaction
Authors: Rezende Alice B. , de Oliveira André G.F. , Vale Thiago C. , Teixeira Luciana A.S. , Lima Alba R.A. , Lucchetti Alessandra L.G. , Lucchetti Giancarlo , Tibiriçá Sandra H.C. , Ezequiel Oscarina S.
Published: October 2019

Neuroanatomy is often considered a difficult subject to teach, due to its broad scope, multitude of terms, and high degree of complexity. Thus, newer educational strategies that facilitate learning while also stimulating students by allowing increased student autonomy and group discussions should be carefully considered. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of introducing team‐based learning (TBL) in the traditional discipline of neuroanatomy and to measure student knowledge acquisition and perception relative to traditional lectures (TL). A quasi‐experimental, nonrandomized study was performed using two consecutive TBL classes (intervention group,n = 157 students, 25% content using TBL) with a TL class (control group,n = 76). Team‐based learning sessions included all stages according to the classic description of the method. Student knowledge acquisition was assessed in regularly scheduled tests during the discipline, and their perception regarding TBL was evaluated using a questionnaire (developed by the authors). The groups presented a similar sociodemographic profile (sex and age) and the same performance in another anatomy discipline before the study. Team‐based learning was significantly associated with greater acceptance, higher motivation, better student perception, and feelings that the methodology was able to integrate clinical and basic sciences. Nevertheless, according to tests, knowledge acquisition was similar between the TBL and lectures. In conclusion, since TBL is comparable to TL for knowledge acquisition, TBL seems to be a promising strategy to improve the teaching of neuroanatomy in medical schools. It fosters group discussions and increases satisfaction and the perception of integration between clinical and basic sciences.
Network meta-analysis comparing techniques and outcomes of stump closure after distal pancreatectomy
Authors: Ratnayake C B B , Wells C , Hammond J , French J J , Windsor J A , Pandanaboyana S
Published: October 2019

Background

The incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after distal pancreatectomy remains high, and different pancreatic stump closure techniques have been used to reduce the incidence. A network meta-analysis was undertaken to compare the most frequently performed pancreatic stump closure techniques after distal pancreatectomy and determine the technique associated with the lowest POPF rate.

Methods

A systematic search of the Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase databases was conducted to identify eligible RCTs. The primary outcome was the occurrence of clinically relevant POPF. Secondary outcomes were duration of operation, blood loss, intrabdominal collections, postoperative complications and 30-day mortality.

Results

Sixteen RCTs including 1984 patients and eight different pancreatic stump closure techniques were included in the network meta-analysis. Patch coverage of the pancreatic stump (round ligament or seromuscular patch) after stapler or suture closure ranked best, with the lowest rates of clinically relevant POPF, lowest volume of intraoperative blood loss, fewer intra-abdominal abscesses, and lower rates of overall complications and 30-day mortality. Round ligament patch closure outperformed seromuscular patch closure in preventing clinically relevant POPF with a significantly larger cohort for comparative analysis. Pancreaticoenteric anastomotic closure consistently ranked poorly for most reported postoperative outcomes.

Conclusion

Patch coverage after stapler or suture closure has the lowest POPF rate and best outcomes among stump closure techniques after distal pancreatectomy.
Prognostic role of the length of tumour–vein contact at the portal–superior mesenteric vein in patients having surgery for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Imamura T , Yamamoto Y , Sugiura T , Okamura Y , Ito T , Ashida R , Ohgi K , Todaka A , Fukutomi A , Aramaki T , Uesaka K
Published: October 2019

Background

The length of tumour–vein contact between the portal–superior mesenteric vein (PV/SMV) and pancreatic head cancer, and its relationship to prognosis in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery, remains controversial.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with pancreatic head cancer who were eligible for pancreatoduodenectomy between October 2002 and December 2016 were analysed. The PV/SMV contact was assessed retrospectively on CT. Using the minimum P value approach based on overall survival after surgery, the optimal cut-off value for tumour–vein contact length was identified.

Results

Among 491 patients included, 462 underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic head cancer. PV/SMV contact with the tumour was detected on preoperative CT in 248 patients (53·7 per cent). Overall survival of patients with PV/SMV contact exceeding 20 mm was significantly worse than that of patients with a contact length of 20 mm or less (median survival time (MST) 23·3 versus 39·3 months; P = 0·012). Multivariable analysis identified PV/SMV contact longer than 20 mm as an independent predictor of poor survival, whereas PV/SMV contact greater than 180° was not a predictive factor. Among patients with a PV/SMV contact length exceeding 20 mm on pretreatment CT, those receiving neoadjuvant therapy had significantly better overall survival than patients who had upfront surgery (MST not reached versus 21·6 months; P = 0·002).

Conclusion

The length of PV/SMV contact predicts survival, and may be used to suggest a role for neoadjuvant therapy to improve prognosis.
Understand how courts evaluate universities’ liability for alcohol‐related harm on campus
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: October 2019

Alcohol consumption by college‐age students is a major concern for parents and higher education administrators. Parents worry about their sons’ and daughters’ safety, while institutions are concerned for student safety and well‐being and because alcohol‐related injuries can be a source of costly litigation.
Metallic Co9S8 Coupled Hollow N‐Doped Carbon Sphere with Synergistic Interface Structure for Efficient Electricity Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Li Si‐Jie , Pan Qiu‐Ren , Xiao Kang , Ouyang Ting , Li Nan , Liu Zhao‐Qing
Published: October 2019

The high cost, low abundance and poor durability of precious metal catalysts greatly hinder the practical applications of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for bioremediation and bioelectricity generation. It is imperative to develop highly efficient and robust noble metal‐free catalysts for the high power density of MFCs. In this work, we present a scalable and cost‐effective strategy to synthesize Co9S8 nanoparticles coupled with nitrogen‐doped hollow carbon sphere (NHCS), which subtly constructs synergistic interface structures that expose plentiful active sites and afford high conductive channel for charge transfer. The as‐obtained porous Co9S8/NHCS exhibits excellent catalytic activity, and superior stability as well as methanol tolerance during oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process in both alkaline and neutral environment. The MFC device equipped with Co9S8/NHCS as air‐cathode achieves a remarkable power density of 704±22 mW m−2 and outstanding chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate of 96.28 %±0.50 %, which is even superior to the performance of commercial Pt/C catalyst. The favorable results provide a new concept to design and explore porous noble metal‐free electrocatalysts for clean and sustainable energy conversion.
Controlling the Regioselectivity of Fatty Acid Hydroxylation (C10) at α‐ and β‐Position by CYP152A1 (P450Bsβ) Variants
Authors: Hammerer Lucas , Friess Michael , Cerne Jeyson , Fuchs Michael , Steinkellner Georg , Gruber Karl , Vanhessche Koenraad , Plocek Thomas , Winkler Christoph K. , Kroutil Wolfgang
Published: October 2019

Regioselective hydroxylation on inactivated C−H bonds is among the dream reactions of organic chemists. Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) perform this reaction in general with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity (e. g. for steroids as substrates). Furthermore, enzyme engineering may allow to tune the properties of the enzyme. Regioselective hydroxylation of shorter or linear molecules (fatty acids), however, remains challenging even with this enzyme class, due to the high similarity of the substrate's backbone carbons and their conformational flexibility. CYPs hydroxylating fatty acids selectively in the chemically more distinct α‐ or ω‐ position are well described. In contrast, selective in‐chain hydroxylation of fatty acids lacks precedence. The peroxygenase CYP152A1 (P450Bsβ) is a family member that displays fatty acid hydroxylation at both, the α‐ and β‐position, with preference for the α‐position. Herein we report the influence of hydrophobic active site residues on the hydroxylation pattern of this enzyme. By site directed mutagenesis and combination of the libraries, double and triple mutation variants were identified, which hydroxylated decanoic acid (C10) with improved regio‐selectivity in the β‐position. Variants were identified with a 10‐fold increase of the β‐regioselectivity (expressed as α/β‐ratio) compared to the wild type. In total 103 variants of CYP152A1 (P450Bsβ) were investigated.
A Minireview on Nickel‐Based Heterogeneous Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Li Yuting , Bao Xinghong , Chen Daisong , Wang Zhigang , Dewangan Nikita , Li Mengqiu , Xu Ze , Wang Juan , Kawi Sibudjing , Zhong Qin
Published: October 2019

Nowadays, developing non‐precious electrocatalysts with high performance is of primary significance in a fascinating and scalable water splitting technology for hydrogen production. A number of nickel (Ni)‐based heterogeneous catalysts have been designed and synthesized to lower the overpotentials for large current densities due to low cost and facile synthesis. Herein, recent progress on Ni‐based composites functioning on hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and overall water splitting is summarized. The synthesis strategies, structure design and performance analysis of Ni‐based heterostructured catalysts are thoroughly discussed, aiming to promote the development of highly efficient electrocatalysts that may ultimately replace the noble‐metal based catalysts and bring water splitting into the practical application.
Evaluation of Similarities in Data Points Necessary for Monitoring Biogas Plants
Authors: Meier Karlheinz
Published: October 2019

Acquiring data from biogas plants can be done by accessing the data stored in the programmable logic controller (PLC) of the biogas plant, which is responsible for issuing control commands to the hardware of the plant. Eight plants of three different manufacturers, with a total of 1370 data points, were analyzed to find similarities which could lead to a reliable but manufacturer‐independent readout of sensor and control values. The expectation was plants of the same vendor being very similar but analysis showed that only minor similarities exist between plants of the same manufacturer. Even less similarities are found when it comes to plants from different manufacturers.
Microgels for the Intensification of Liquid‐Liquid Extraction Processes – Feasibility and Advantages
Authors: Faulde Miriam , Tonn Josia , Jupke Andreas
Published: October 2019

Microgels are cross‐linked polymers with a high application potential in liquid‐liquid systems due to their surface activity and switchable stabilization properties. A process concept utilizing microgels in extraction processes is presented. The microgels are located at the drop surface and prevent coalescence, enabling monodisperse operation. At the column top, the stabilization is switched off by temperature shift. The switchable stabilization and the absence of additional mass transfer resistance are crucial requirements for the concept and tested experimentally. The results provide the basis for the model‐based evaluation of the process performance, revealing a broader operating window, capacity increase at equal height equivalent of theoretical stage (HETS) for high loads, and reduced HETS for small loads.