bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of situation, background, assessment, recommendation-based safety program on patient safety culture in intensive care unit nurses
Authors: Etemadifar Shahram , Sedighi Zeynab , Sedehi Morteza , Masoudi Reza
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Patient safety culture is an integral part of patient care standards and a prerequisite for safe care. SBAR is an acronym for Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation; this communication model has gained popularity in health-care settings, especially among professions such as nursing. However, there is little evidence that nursing professional education can enhance patient safety culture. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a SBAR-based training program on patient safety culture in intensive care unit (ICU) nurses.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The quasi-experimental study was carried out in 2018–2019 at areas covered by Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Iran. This study was performed on 60 nurses working in ICU. The participants were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups of 30 each. For the experimental group, five workshop sessions of SBAR-based program were held. For the control group, the patient delivery process was performed according to the ward routine. Data were collected using patient safety culture questionnaires before and 1 month after the intervention, and were analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests such as paired t-test, independent t-test, and Chi-square test by SPSS 22.

RESULTS:

The mean score of safety culture was 31 ± 23.5 and 55.2 ± 28.6 in frequency of reporting events, 32.8 ± 17.8 and 54.3 ± 19 in overall perception of patient safety, 23 ± 20.1 and 52.9 ± 26 in communication channel openness, and 35.2 ± 19.8 and 52.4 ± 18.8 in information exchange and conveyance before and after training intervention, respectively, so that they improved from poor level to neutral-moderate level. There was no strength in any dimensions of safety culture; however, the implementation of the SBAR-based program was significantly associated with patient safety culture (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Improving patient safety culture requires attention to patient safety models such as SBAR approach that provides an appropriate and reliable structure for quality improvement. SBAR-based program training is effective in promoting patient safety culture; therefore, it is recommended that managers use this technique to promote patient safety culture.
Identifying drivers and factors affecting behavioral risk factors of noncommunicable diseases
Authors: Alidoost Saeide , Maleki Mohammadreza , Pourasghari Hamid
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

A large proportion of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) can be prevented by reducing unhealthy nutrition, inadequate physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The high burden of NCDs underlines the need for a greater understanding of the causes of these risk factors. This paper aims to identify factors affecting smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthy nutrition, and inadequate physical activity in current and future times.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A scoping review was conducted in Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, in 2020 to identify factors affecting smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthy nutrition, and inadequate physical activity. The review was guided by the five-step Arksey and O'Malley model. A deductive qualitative content analysis was employed to identify the factors synthesized through descriptive and narrative synthesis. The search was conducted in English without date restrictions up to January 2020.

RESULTS:

We identified 1437 studies through database search and other sources and finally included 72 studies in the review. The content analysis of the data led to the identification of 27 factors affecting smoking, alcohol consumption, nutrition, and physical activity. The factors categorized into social, technological, environmental, economic, political, and values factors.

CONCLUSION:

Political and economic factors have a significant effect on all risk factors, and it is necessary to take comprehensive measures to improve these factors. Technological factors have a greater impact on healthy nutrition. Physical activity is more affected by environmental factors than other risk factors. However, smoking and alcohol consumption are more influenced by social factors and individual attitudes.
Psychological consequences of lockdown on dental professionals during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jyoti Bhuvan , Kiran Manisha , Srivastava Rahul , Jaiswal Vikas , Kumari Swati , Sinha Amitabh K.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes COVID-19, mainly spreads through respiratory droplets. The dental profession is particularly at risk. Routine dental care was suspended after the announcement of the first lockdown in India. This makes the group vulnerable to psychosocial consequences. The present study aims to evaluate the psychosocial issues among dental professionals during COVID-19 pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 627 dental professionals of India, using online Google Forms from April 23, 2020, through April 30, 2020. Participants were evaluated using self-constructed and self-administered personal and professional hardship and fear checklist specifically developed for this study. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Depression Scale and 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and PHQ-15 were used to assess the depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms.

RESULTS:

Fear had a remarkable impact on 80.7% of responders. Among the participants, 40.5%, 24.5%, and 30.6% reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms, respectively. Somatic symptoms were significantly associated with gender (P = 0.000). Work setting was significantly associated with depression (P = 0.011) and anxiety symptoms (P = 0.001). Concern, worry, and fear due to COVID-19 were significantly associated with depression (P = 0.000), anxiety (P = 0.033), and somatic symptoms (P = 0.009). There was a positive correlation between depression and anxiety symptoms (P = 0.01) and between age and somatic symptoms (P = 0.5).

CONCLUSIONS:

This group reported a high level of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. Female dental professionals and private practitioners had more depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. Immediate and special intervention is needed for this group. Further exploration into the nature and its effects of the psychological symptoms may be required.
The relationship between depression, stress, anxiety, and postpartum weight retention
Authors: Bazzazian Shahin , Riazi Hedyeh , Vafa Mohammadreza , Mahmoodi Zohreh , Nasiri Malihe , Mokhtaryan-Gilani Tahereh , Ozgoli Giti
Published: April 2024

Postpartum weight retention (PPWR) is a factor that causes permanent obesity and subsequent chronic and noncommunicable diseases. The relationship between depression/stress/anxiety and PPWR has been studied in some articles, but there is no definitive conclusion in this regard. The present systematic review was conducted to investigate the relationship between depression/stress/anxiety and PPWR. An extensive search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran, Irandoc databases using Medical Subject Headings terms (or their Persian synonyms) from 2000 to 2020. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used for articles selection. The quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Out of 371 reviewed articles, 24 articles were selected. The total sample size was 51,613 (range: 49–37,127). The mean of PPWR ranged from 0.5 kg (standard deviation [SD] = 6.49) to 6.4 kg (SD = 8.5). There was a statistically significant relationship between depression/stress/anxiety and PPWR in 12 of 23, 4 of 6, and 3 of 8 studies. This review demonstrates the relationship between depression/stress/anxiety and PPWR. Time of depression/stress/anxiety assessment is an important issue, as well as different measurement tools. Prevention of the mothers’ psychological problems through educational and supportive programs may help to limit PPWR.
Factors affecting emergency evacuation of Iranian hospitals in fire
Authors: Sahebi Ali , Jahangiri Katayoun , Alibabaei Ahmad , Khorasani-Zavareh Davoud
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Fire is one of the most important threatening factors for hospitals and needs special attention. The present study was conducted to explain the factors affecting hospital emergency evacuation following fire based on hospital administrators’ experiences.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a qualitative study conducted employing the content analysis approach. Participants included 22 hospital administrators in Tehran, Lorestan, Kurdistan, and Ilam provinces. The participants were purposefully selected and included until reaching principle of data saturation. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews from November 2019 to August 2020 and analyzed by the content analysis method.

RESULTS:

Factors affecting hospital emergency evacuation during fire were categorized into five main categories and 17 subcategories including response to incident (five subcategories of fire nature, emergency evacuation, service provision, coordination and communication; and collaboration and companionship), human factors (two subcategories of individual characteristics and competencies), hospital preparedness (three subcategories of planning, safety and security; and information management system), environmental factors (two subcategories of hospital design and infrastructure; and weather condition), and finally ethical values (five subcategories of human dignity, trust, altruism, responsibility and accountability; and empathy).

CONCLUSION:

The results of this study indicated that during fire in Iranian hospitals, several factors in addition to available standard guidelines affect the emergency evacuation process that need to be considered. Hospital emergency evacuation during fire is a complex process and necessitates a full and high-level hospital preparedness, so using the results of this study can be used to develop and practice evacuation plans and improve the hospital preparedness.
The relationship between the willingness to mobile learning and educational achievements in health-care professional students
Authors: Baghcheghi Nayereh , Koohestani Hamid Reza
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

The relationship between willingness to mobile learning (m-learning) and educational achievement was examined in health-care professional students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This is a descriptive correlative study that was conducted from January 2020 to February 2020. A total of 295 students in Saveh University of Medical Sciences in Iran were selected through census method. The data were collected using the standard willingness to m-learning questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed statistically using Pearson's correlation coefficient and concurrent regression analysis.

RESULTS:

The mean score of willingness to m-learning was 165.55 ± 13.4, which is an indicative of a higher willingness level in the health-care professional students for m-learning. There was a positive and significant relationship between willingness for m-learning and educational achievement (r = 0.77, P < 0.01). The predictive variable, i.e., willingness to m-learning, predicted 53.8% of the variance of educational achievement (F = 58.801, P = 0.00). Among the variables of willingness to m-learning, the regression coefficients of perceived ease, attitude, self-management in learning, educational use, and efficiency of m-learning were significant (P < 0.05). This means that these variables are direct predictors of educational achievement.

CONCLUSIONS:

Willingness to m-learning had a positive and significant relationship with educational achievement. Although this study was performed just before the corona outbreak, paying attention to the results of this study can be helpful for students, faculty members, and policymakers in filling the educational gap during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.
Providing a model for validation of the assessment system of internal medicine residents based on Kane's framework
Authors: Poudeh Mostafa Dehghani , Mohammadi Aeen , Mojtahedzadeh Rita , Yamani Nikoo , Delavar Ali
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Kane's validity framework examines the validity of the interpretation of a test at the four levels of scoring, generalization, extrapolation, and implications. No model has been yet proposed to use this framework particularly for a system of assessment. This study provided a model for the validation of the internal medicine residents’ assessment system, based on the Kane's framework.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Through a five stages study, first, by reviewing the literature, the methods used, and the study challenges, in using Kane's framework, were extracted. Then, possible assumptions about the design and implementation of residents’ tests and the proposed methods for their validation at each of their four inferences of Kane's validity were made in the form of two tables. Subsequently, in a focus group session, the assumptions and proposed validation methods were reviewed. In the fourth stage, the opinions of seven internal medicine professors were asked about the results of the focus group. Finally, the assumptions and the final validation model were prepared.

RESULTS:

The proposed tables were modified in the focus group. The validation table was developed consisting of tests, used at each Miller's pyramid level. The results were approved by five professors of the internal medicine. The final table has five rows, respectively, as the levels of Knows and Knows How, Shows How, Shows, Does, and the fifth one for the final scores of residents. The columns of the table demonstrate the necessary measures for validation at the four levels of inferences of Kane's framework.

CONCLUSION:

The proposed model ensures the validity of the internal medicine specialty residency assessment system based on Kane's framework, especially at the implication level.
Internet addiction, mental health, and sleep quality in students of medical sciences, Iran
Authors: Arzani-Birgani Arezo , Zarei Javad , Favaregh Leila , Ghanaatiyan Erfaneh
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Internet addiction (IA) is a severe problem, especially in academic communities. The association between IA and unfavorable emotional conditions (e.g., anxiety, stress, and depression) can harm students’ relationships and academic and career performance. The present study evaluated (a) the prevalence of IA in a sample of medical sciences university students; (b) the association between IA and depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep disorders; and (c) the association between demographic characteristics and IA, depression, anxiety, and stress.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 268 students from Abadan University of Medical Sciences were selected using Morgan Table. The participants responded to the Young Internet Addiction Test, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-42, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and least significant difference.

RESULTS:

The mean score of IA was 45.65 ± 35.40. IA was found to be significantly related to depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep disorders (except for sleep disturbance) (P < 0.001). Males were found to be more likely than females to suffer from IA, depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep disorders. Furthermore, age was inversely related to IA, depression, and stress. Finally, medical sciences students suffered from depression, anxiety, and stress more than students majoring in other fields.

CONCLUSIONS:

The simultaneous occurrence of IA and depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep disorders in students indicates that IA is associated with other psychological problems. Therefore, researchers and policymakers need to identify preventive measures to help internet-addicted students.
Reconstruction of individual, social, and professional life
Authors: Mohsenizadeh Seyed Mostafa , Manzari Zahra Sadat , Vossoughinia Hassan , Ebrahimipour Hossein
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experience wide range of physical and psychological problems experience. The use of strategies to improve disease management by patients is of has special importance in solving these problems. The aim of present study was to discover the strategies and behaviors of patients to manage their disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The present study was conducted with a qualitative research approach and a qualitative content analysis method. The research participants included 20 patients with IBD referred to gastrointestinal wards in 2020 in Mashhad. Data were collected through unstructured interviews and purposeful sampling method and continued until data saturation. Data analysis was performed continuously and simultaneously with data collection and comparatively.

RESULTS:

Data analysis provided five themes of “Improving self-efficacy and problem-solving skills,” “Coexistence with disease,” “Reviewing and modifying of interactions,” “Adjusting job and professional conditions” and “Commitment to self-care.” The combination of these concepts indicated that is the main theme in disease management for these patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

Reconstruction of individual, social, and professional life can improve self-regulation and problem-solving skills in these patients and make them a sense of control on their lives and disease.
Evaluation of participatory learning approach for developing competency of human immunodeficiency virus risk assessment skills among MBBS undergraduate students
Authors: Ali Syed Irfan , Begum Jarina , Lalitha D. Lakshmi , Kamath M. Ganesh , Sethi Rajesh Kumar , Behera Aruna Rani
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

An Indian medical graduate needs to be competent in the diagnosis and management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. This is crucial in terms of occupational safety. A participatory learning approach could be a possible way to change behavior and improve HIV risk assessment skills among medical students for better occupational safety and health care. The present study was planned to identify the need, provide different learning experiences for acquiring competency, and compare the effectiveness of participatory learning over traditional in developing HIV risk assessment skills.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

An educational interventional (randomized controlled trial) was carried out at GEMS and Hospital. Needs assessment survey was conducted, which identified HIV risk assessment as a key competency. For which the outcome-specific learning objectives were defined, two different learning experiences were employed. A pretest was conducted to assess the baseline knowledge and attitude (n = 92); they were then divided into two equal groups (A and B). “A” group was taught by participatory approach, whereas “B” by traditional techniques followed by posttest and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) to assess their HIV risk assessment skills. Statistical analysis: Paired t-test for assessing knowledge and attitude within the same group and unpaired t-test for assessing skills between the two groups were used in this study.

RESULTS:

Statistically significant improvement (P < 0.001) in knowledge and attitude scores was noticed that OSCE scores were significantly higher in the intervention group “A” (P < 0.001) as compared to “B” taught by traditional techniques.

CONCLUSION:

Participatory learning effectively builds upon existing knowledge and attitude to develop better HIV risk assessment skills.
Risk analysis and safety assessment of hospitals against disasters
Authors: Moradi Seyed Mobin , Nekoei-Moghadam Mahmood , Abbasnejad Ahmad , Hasheminejad Naser
Published: April 2024

Both natural and man-made disasters are increasing in occurrence at the world. Hospitals and health-care centers are very complex and have a high potential for vulnerability depending on external and internal factors. Unfortunately, past experiences show that health-care centers and the health system are vulnerable to disasters. Therefore, risk analysis and safety assessment studies of hospitals and other health-care centers are absolutely necessary. This systematic review study was conducted on the basis of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. English language international databases (Pub Med, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were searched through January 1, 2000 up to June 20, 2019. The quality of the studies was assessed using the International Narrative Systematic Assessment tool. From 3630 titles identified in this search, 24 studies were selected. The important findings of this study were grouped into five main categories: risk analysis method, type of disaster, hospital safety methods, hospital components and key outcomes of risk analysis, and hospital safety assessments. The nature of disasters is a threat to the lives and property of the people, and therefore hospitals must be available at the incidents and disasters and they must be able to respond to the needs of the disaster-affected community. The probability of an incident and its consequences can never be reduced to zero; because the severity of many natural and even man-made disasters is unpredictable and the probability of their occurrence is different; however, it is possible to identify weaknesses and strengths through risk analysis studies as well as hospital safety assessments and implement retrofitting programs based on the type of risks and safety status and reduce the level of risk to an acceptable level.
A questionnaire-based study to develop an instrument measuring poor interest in biostatistics among postgraduate medical students and faculties
Authors: Roy Uttam Kumar , Biswas Pabitra , Mandal Purnendu
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

It has been realized by senior researchers that interest in biostatistics is very poor among medical professionals. Knowledge of biostatistics plays an important role in medical research. Studies conducted about knowledge, attitude toward biostatistics by many researchers, but there were no works about factors in relation to it. Considering this gap, we tried to develop a new instrument.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Item generation and questionnaire formation were done using focus group discussion involving seven experts from different departments of medical colleges. Face validity and content validity and pilot testing were carried out step by step. In estimating reliability, internal consistency measured after collecting data from 66 study participants. Data were collected through self-administered paper-based questionnaire where response in each item was in five-point Likert scale. Cronbach's alpha for reliability analysis was used.

RESULTS:

In first stage, item generation through FGD, then face validity was assessed by senior faculties. Content validity was checked by Aiken's V index. In initial stages, with six items, Cronbach's alpha was 0.805. Scale mean and variance were 24.24 and 27.26. After final reliability testing, it became 0.866 with four items where scale mean and variance came to 15.85 and 16.38.

CONCLUSION:

All the six items were important factors. Reliability improved when knowledge in statistics in higher secondary level and biostatistics classes in PG course were eliminated as factors. More qualitative research is needed for better understanding of this concept.
Homemade food, alcohol, and body weight
Authors: Mazza Elisa , Ferro Yvelise , Pujia Roberta , Maurotti Samantha , Montalcini Tiziana , Pujia Arturo
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown has caused significant changes in everyday life. This study evaluated the effect of the COVID-19 quarantine on dietary and alcohol consumption habits and body weight of Italian university students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

An online cross-sectional survey was carried out among university students than 18 years in July 2020. The online self-administered questionnaire included demographic and anthropometric data (reported weight and height), weight, and dietary habits changes during of the COVID-19 lockdown.

RESULTS:

A total of 520 respondents have been included in the study. A total of 393 (~76%) were female, 3.8% was obese, and the mean age was 23 ± 4 years. Numerous students reported a change in their eating habits during the lockdown with an increase in consumption of chocolate (40%), ice cream, and desserts (34%), but most of all an increase of homemade bread and pasta (60%), pizza (47%), and homemade sweets (55%). The students also reported an increase of vegetables, fresh fruit, legumes, eggs, and coffee, but also of processed meat, fried foods, cheeses, butter, and sweet beverage, and a reduction in alcohol intake. The weight gain was observed in 43.8%, and males have greater weight gain than females (57% vs. 46%, respectively; P = 0.04). A greater increase in body weight was observed in obese as compared to those with normal weight (77% vs. 44%, respectively; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our data highlighted the need for dietary guidelines to prevent weight gain during the period of self-isolation, especially targeting those with overweight and obesity.
Distance learning strategies in medical education during COVID-19
Authors: Ahmady Soleiman , Kallestrup Per , Sadoughi Mohammad Mehdi , Katibeh Marzieh , Kalantarion Masomeh , Amini Mitra , Khajeali Nasrin
Published: April 2024

The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) across the world forced universities to suspend learning to limit the spread of the virus. Many medical schools have shifted to online education as an information delivery mechanism where the educator and learner are separated in space and potentially also in time. This systematic review aims to explore and understand the variety of distance learning strategies in medical students in the contexts of COVID-19. A systematic review was conducted in Web of Sciences, PubMed, Educational Resources and Information Center, and Scopus from December 2019 to July 2020. Eight sets of terminology were used, combining “Distance learning” AND “Medical education” AND “Pandemic.” Studies were reviewed independently by two reviewers. Data were extracted and quality appraised using QualSyst tools, and synthesized by performing thematic analysis. A total of 473 articles were identified after removing duplicates and 314 records were screened, of which 125 were included in this study. The primary articles were 52 primarily qualitative articles. Five learning strategies consisted of technology-enhanced learning (TEL), simulation-based learning, technology-based clinical education, mobile learning, and blended learning. Tools, methods, and learning resources associated with these five learning strategies were extracted from the articles. Our review highlights that TEL and simulation-based learning were more commonly used than others in distance learning in medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic. These strategies have the potential to improve learners’ level of knowledge and performance through making online learning resources such as Massive Open Online Courses, virtual clinical cases, and blended sources accessible.
The role of educating health-care personnel in prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Tabari Parinaz , Amini Mitra , Arya Neil , Moghadami Mohsen , Khoshnood Kaveh , Shokripour Mansoureh , Omidifar Navid
Published: April 2024

Front-line clinicians and health-care workers need to be educated to provide care in critical situations such as large-scale catastrophes and pandemics. This narrative review is focused on investigating educational strategies in confrontation with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We conducted a literature search in December 2020 through LitCovid, PubMed, ERIC, and Cochrane Library in order to retrieve relevant studies regarding the role of education in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19. There were 12 reviewed studies related to this specific subject. The articles selected for this study demonstrated that education and training had a positive impact on the knowledge and attitude of the participants and also the educational interventions, whether they were simulation-based or other formats of training, would be deemed crucial for enhancing participants’ level of perceptions and confidence. Therefore, it is highly recommended that public health policymakers consider this important issue.
A nationwide cross-sectional study to assess the impact of COVID-19 on surgical residency programs in India
Authors: Talwar Harkirat Singh , Narain Tushar Aditya , Panwar Vikas Kumar , Mittal Ankur , Mandal Arup Kumar
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

The COVID-19 pandemic with its plenitude of hardships has been a challenge for residents in training. Besides the fear of contracting the disease, the complete reconfiguration of hospital services has severely affected the surgical residency programs across India. The current study highlights the lacunae that have arisen in the residency programs and design appropriate solutions to reframe the remaining part of the surgical training.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The present study is an observational study based on a questionnaire survey done in November 2020 aimed at gauging the mood and perspective of residents across India pursuing surgical residency programs on how the pandemic has impacted various domains of their residency namely surgical training, clinical skills, research, academic curriculum, and mental health. The analysis was performed using an Internet-based program.

RESULTS:

Seventy-eight percent of residents felt that they have lost crucial months of surgical training. Impact on clinical skills was reported by 73.9% of residents. Almost half of the residents (49.1%) believed that there has been a definite increase in research activities and 81.7% believed that the academic curriculum was affected during the past 6 months. Furthermore, 86% of respondents admitted to have had a profound impact on their mental health as a result of the pandemic.

CONCLUSION:

Formulating reform policies in the current residency programs is paramount to train the current and future generation of surgeons. Whereas personal safety and wellness of the residents is paramount during these times, residency training via digital medical education and various other innovative ways needs to continue.
The role of Saudi women in crisis management within the family
Authors: Bin Shalhoub Haifa Abdulrahman , Hammad Mohammad Ahmed
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Women play a pivotal role in managing crises and diminishing their serious consequences both in the family and society. In the first place, the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the most severe crises in the world. Accordingly, many precautionary measures have been taken in many countries, including Saudi Arabia, such as border closures, lack of movement, and quarantine procedures, leading to an unprecedented impact on the daily lifestyle, and contributing significantly to increasing pressures on women because of her multiroles in family and work. This study aims at identifying the role of women in managing family crises during COVID-19.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. An online survey was conducted using self-designed electronic questionnaire consisting knowledge about the role of Saudi women in managing family during COVID-19 crises. The questionnaire was applied to 324 Saudi working women in Riyadh and Najran, with an average age of 33 years.

RESULTS:

The results indicate that the role of Saudi women during the COVID-19 crisis was approximately 82%. Moreover, results showed that the prevalence of the social, psychological, and professional role of Saudi women during crisis was 82.24%, 83.40%, and 78.80%, respectively, which indicates the importance of the role of Saudi women in managing family crises during COVID-19.

CONCLUSION:

Based on these results, the study emphasizes the importance of urging responsible persons to provide a package of rescue and stimulus, including social protection measures. Furthermore, it empowers Saudi women in all sectors of society and provides them with all means of support to help them achieve their mandated role in society generally and in their families particularly.
The effectiveness of two evaluation techniques in the clinical education field
Authors: Mohamadirizi Shahla , Yazdannik Ahmadreza , Mohamadi Marjan , Omid Athar
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Paying attention to students’ opinions and suggestions on existing evaluation methods and new methods of evaluation is an essential and important part of clinical education, so this study aimed at determining the effectiveness of two evaluation techniques satisfaction among undergraduate nursing students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a quasi-experimental study conducted on 60 undergraduate nursing students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2019. There were 30 samples in each group (logbook and e-logbook) that were selected by convenience sampling method. the Android application (e-logbook) was used in the intervention group to evaluate the clinical skills of students. The User Satisfaction Questionnaire was conducted by undergraduate nursing students. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 14 and descriptive statistical tests.

RESULTS:

The results showed that the mean (standard deviation) overall score of satisfaction from both evaluation methods including logbook and e-logbook was 39.7 (9.4) and 47.7 (12.2), respectively. Also satisfaction score of the evaluation method was significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.03).

CONCLUSION:

According to the results of the present study, the use of new and active methods of evaluation, including the application of e-logbook, can be useful in evaluating nursing students and cause student satisfaction, so using the application is useful.
Effect of smartphone-based education on knowledge and self-care of reproductive health in married students
Authors: Vanestanagh Azam Karimi , Farshbaf-Khalili Azizeh , Esmaeilpour Khalil , Jafarabadi Mohammad Asghari , Jahdi Niloufar Sattarzadeh
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Education by smartphone-based software is a new method among the world's educational practices. Due to the lack of studies on the effect of this education on promoting knowledge and self-care behaviors of students’ reproductive health this study aimed to determine the effect of smartphone-based software education on knowledge and self-care behaviors in the field of reproductive health.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This RCT with 164 married female students (82 in each group) conducted from October 2019 to January 2020, in Tabriz University and Tabriz medical University. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups of educational intervention and control. Smartphone-based software education designed in four areas of reproductive health. Intervention group was trained for 4 weeks. The score of knowledge and self-care behaviors of participants in both groups were compared at baseline and 8 weeks after intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS-23 software using Chi-square, independent t-tests, and analysis of covariance tests.

RESULTS:

Eight weeks after the intervention, a significant increase was observed in the mean (standard deviation [SD]) score of overall knowledge for reproductive health and all its subdomains (P < 0.001), as well as in in the mean (SD) self-care score of reproductive health and all subdomains (P < 0.05), except for the family planning in the education group compared to the control group.

CONCLUSION:

The findings indicate a significant effect of smartphone-based software on increasing students’ knowledge and self-care in all areas of reproductive health except for family planning subdomain of self-care.
Learning with lockdown
Authors: Doddaiah Sunil Kumar , Kulkarni Praveen , Mohandas Aparna , Murthy M. R. Narayana
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the Government of India announced lockdown from March 25, 2020, which included measures such as social distancing, canceling mass gatherings, and closure of schools and colleges. Since the present generation of students spends a lot of time on social media, especially WhatsApp, the utility of the same to discuss the various public health domains of COVID-19 through multiple-choice questions (MCQs) was explored.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This longitudinal study was conducted among 154 participants (undergraduates, interns, postgraduates, and teaching faculty) for 3 months. MCQs on COVID-19 were disseminated through WhatsApp status of the investigator, and feedback regarding the same was taken at the end of 3 months. The activity log was maintained, and the information was downloaded as a comma-separated value (CSV) file and exported to MS Excel. Descriptive statistics were applied. The location of the participants was entered into the Microsoft Excel sheet and converted into CSV file. The Geographical data were analyzed in the Quantum Geographical information System (QGIS).

RESULTS:

Among the 154 study participants, 48% were undergraduates, 10.4% were interns, 30.6% were postgraduates, and 11% were teaching faculty. Eighty-nine percent of the participants felt that WhatsApp can be used as a platform for discussing MCQs. 89%, 93%, and 89.6% of the participants felt that the exercise improved their analytical skills, helped in self-directed learning, and improved collaborative learning, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Majority of the participants responded that WhatsApp can be used as a platform to discuss MCQs and that the exercise helped in collaborative and self-directed learning.
Collaborative method consisting lecture, problem-based learning and weblog for clinical courses of medical students in comparison with lecture method
Authors: Sharifzadeh Masoumeh , Agah Jila , Khosravi Ahmad , Samadi Shahram , Davari Sani Seyd Javad
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Lecture is a common teaching method, which is not considered efficient for the development of critical and intellectual acquisition in the students of clinical courses. Although in theory combined methods are known acceptable, in practice, they are not commonly applicable. The present study aimed to compare the combination of problem-based learning (PBL), weblogs, and lectures with lecture alone to achieve an advantageous teaching method for clinical courses.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 63 medical students (5th year) taking obstetrics and gynecology clinical courses at Sabzevar University of medical sciences, Iran. The participants were selected via census sampling. Based on the Student's number and using the random number table, the students were randomly assigned to two groups of interventions. The exclusion criteria were unwillingness to participate and absence for more than two sessions. Initially, the similarity of obstetrics and gynecology knowledge in both groups was confirmed based on a pretest (P > 0.05). A conventional lecture was performed for both groups. In the intervention group (B), the researcher asked each student (32 persons) to provide a case/problem from mentioned subjects outside the class concerning the given lecture and upload it to the lecturer's weblog to show commonalty. In the next session, the presented cases were initially discussed, and another lecture was carried out. Finally, two methods were compared through identical theoretical and practical exams and scored based on a Likert scale using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS 19 using t-test and Chi-square at the significance level of P < 0.05.

Results:

Group B achieved higher grades in the scientific exams (P < 0.001), especially in the domains of perception, learning and memorizing of subjects, motivation, and communication with the classmates and tutor (P = 010). Therefore, satisfaction was higher in the intervention group compared to the control group (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

The training of pensive, creative, and active experts for the future of medicine requires the combination of new collaborative methods with lectures, which are undoubtedly effective learning techniques. According to the results, PBL and weblogs could be invaluable for the improvement of students’ knowledge, as well as the relations between tutors and students.
Developing health promotional skills among medical undergraduates for tuberculosis patients
Authors: Bala Manju , Arora Vikramjeet , Chawla Bharti , Gautam Neha
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Involving medical undergraduate students in patients’ health education will not only help in improving students’ learning as well as professional and communication skills but also plays an important role in achieving better health outcome of patients. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of students led educational intervention regarding tuberculosis (TB) on their learning and on the patients’ knowledge and attitude towards the disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

One hundred medical undergraduates were included in the study. An integrated lecture on TB was given to all participants followed by preintervention test on TB. One group was then subjected to interactive traditional lecture. Whereas the videos reflecting the experiences of TB patients were shown to the other group and was given an assignment to prepare educational leaflets for TB patients followed by postintervention test for both groups. The patients’ satisfaction level with the information given via educational leaflet and the overall perceived benefits of this activity by the students were assessed. Data analysis done using SPSS version 23.0. Independent and paired t-test were used to calculate difference of means for quantitative variables.

RESULTS:

Two groups were comparable preintervention however postintervention there was significant improvement in knowledge in the study group (P0.000). Overall 74.2% of the patients were satisfied with the information provided through leaflets. Students’ feedback highlighted that majority of the them felt benefitted from this activity.

CONCLUSION:

It can be concluded that such type of educational interventions have dual benefits, i.e., learning for the students as well as providing health education to patients which in turn will improve their clinical outcome.
Ottawa prenatal educator e-survey
Authors: Terrell Rowan M. , Soucy Nura L. , Chedid Rebecca A. , Phillips Karen P.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Prenatal education provides opportunities for health promotion of healthy behaviors and risk reduction. Quality and coherence with prenatal health promotion best practices depend on an individual class instructor. The objective of our study was to document the experiences, practices, and perceptions of our diverse Ottawa, Canada community of prenatal educators.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In this quantitative, mixed methods e-survey conducted in Ottawa, Canada, prenatal educators were asked to describe their prenatal class settings, delivery formats, content, perceptions of pregnant women, and recommendations. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis.

RESULTS:

Respondents included public health nurses and a diverse group of “allied childbirth educators” (ACE). Topics related to pregnancy, labor, and postpartum issues were well addressed; however, established and emerging risks to pregnancy were omitted. Nurses were more likely to discuss lifestyle risks to pregnancy and general prenatal health promotion, whereas ACE respondents emphasized informed consent and individualized counseling. Women marginalized by social exclusion including Indigenous women, immigrants, and women with disabilities were perceived as missing from prenatal educational settings.

CONCLUSIONS:

Heterogeneity of prenatal education provides opportunities for collaboration; however, established and emerging risk factors to pregnancy are neglected topics. Addressing the needs of diverse communities of pregnant women requires timely, evidence-based, inclusive, and culturally safe delivery of prenatal health promotion.
Confusion at the beginning of sexual intercourse, the challenge of patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in Iran
Authors: Pourebrahimi Mohammad , Fallahi-Khoshknab Masoud , Taghipour Hamidreza , Ebadi Abbas , Gholizadeh Leila , Hosseini Mohammadali
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Many patients suffer from sexual dysfunction after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, but they refuse to propose and follow up on the problem due to the cultural structures prevailing in Iranian society. Untreated sexual dysfunction will disturb the quality of life of these patients. This study was performed to explain the experiences of male patients from sexual problems after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This qualitative study was performed with the approach of conventional content analysis in Tehran in 2020. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 men after coronary artery bypass graft surgery at the hospital's cardiac surgery clinic, as well as the surgeon's clinic. Participants were selected by the targeted sampling method. After obtaining informed consent, the collected data were written word by word, and the content analysis approach was used to name the data, create analytical codes, and determine subcategories and categories. The data were analyzed by MAXQDA 10 software.

RESULTS:

The findings of this study show that the dimensions of confusion in patients’ sexual intercourse after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in four subcategories of challenges of the first intercourse after surgery, ambiguity in how to obtain information, the ambiguity of sexual issues after surgery, and spouse are concerned about having sexual intercourse.

CONCLUSION:

The results of this study show that male patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery have many ambiguities in the process of sexual intercourse, which passes the beginning of sexual intercourse with fear and avoidance of intercourse. Postoperative patients do not propose these problems with the medical staff when they suffer from sexual dysfunction or ambiguity due to the taboo of talking about sexual intercourse. Eventually, the patient and his or her partner become confused about sexual intercourse after surgery. Therefore, it is recommended that policymakers in the field of health create the culture and planning for solving the ambiguities created in the path of sexual intercourse of these patients.