bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A vessel bifurcation liver CT landmark pair dataset for evaluating deformable image registration algorithms
Authors: Zhang Zhendong , Criscuolo Edward Robert , Hao Yao , McKeown Trevor , Yang Deshan
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Evaluating deformable image registration (DIR) algorithms is vital for enhancing algorithm performance and gaining clinical acceptance. However, there is a notable lack of dependable DIR benchmark datasets for assessing DIR performance except for lung images. To address this gap, we aim to introduce our comprehensive liver computed tomography (CT) DIR landmark dataset library. This dataset is designed for efficient and quantitative evaluation of various DIR methods for liver CTs, paving the way for more accurate and reliable image registration techniques.

Acquisition and validation methods

Forty CT liver image pairs were acquired from several publicly available image archives and authors’ institutions under institutional review board (IRB) approval. The images were processed with a semi‐automatic procedure to generate landmark pairs: (1) for each case, liver vessels were automatically segmented on one image; (2) landmarks were automatically detected at vessel bifurcations; (3) corresponding landmarks in the second image were placed using two deformable image registration methods to avoid algorithm‐specific biases; (4) a comprehensive validation process based on quantitative evaluation and manual assessment was applied to reject outliers and ensure the landmarks’ positional accuracy. This workflow resulted in an average of ∼56 landmark pairs per image pair, comprising a total of 2220 landmarks for 40 cases. The general landmarking accuracy of this procedure was evaluated using digital phantoms and manual landmark placement. The landmark pair target registration errors (TRE) on digital phantoms were 0.37 ± 0.26 and 0.55 ± 0.34 mm respectively for the two selected DIR algorithms used in our workflow, with 97% of landmark pairs having TREs below 1.5 mm. The distances from the calculated landmarks to the averaged manual placement were 1.27 ± 0.79 mm.

Data format and usage notes

All data, including image files and landmark information, are publicly available at Zenodo (https://zenodo.org/records/13738577). Instructions for using our data can be found on our GitHub page at https://github.com/deshanyang/Liver‐DIR‐QA.

Potential applications

The landmark dataset generated in this work is the first collection of large‐scale liver CT DIR landmarks prepared on real patient images. This dataset can provide researchers with a dense set of ground truth benchmarks for the quantitative evaluation of DIR algorithms within the liver.
Simultaneous assessment of cerebral glucose and oxygen metabolism and perfusion in rats using interleaved deuterium (2H) and oxygen‐17 (17O) MRS
Authors: Zhang Guangle , Jenkins Parker , Zhu Wei , Chen Wei , Zhu Xiao‐Hong
Published: November 2024

Cerebral glucose and oxygen metabolism and blood perfusion play key roles in neuroenergetics and oxidative phosphorylation to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) energy molecules in supporting cellular activity and brain function. Their impairments have been linked to numerous brain disorders. This study aimed to develop an in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) method capable of simultaneously assessing and quantifying the major cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (CMRGlc) and oxygen (CMRO2) consumption, lactate formation (CMRLac), and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (VTCA); cerebral blood flow (CBF); and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) via a single dynamic MRS measurement using an interleaved deuterium (2H) and oxygen‐17 (17O) MRS approach. We introduced a single‐loop multifrequency radio‐frequency (RF) surface coil that can be used to acquire proton (1H) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or interleaved low‐γ X‐nuclei 2H and 17O MRS. By combining this RF coil with a modified MRS pulse sequence, 17O‐isotope‐labeled oxygen gas inhalation, and intravenous 2H‐isotope‐labeled glucose administration, we demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of simultaneously and quantitatively measuring six important physiological parameters, CMRGlc, CMRO2, CMRLac, VTCA, CBF, and OEF, in rat brains at 16.4 T. The interleaved 2H–17O MRS technique should be readily adapted to image and study cerebral energy metabolism and perfusion in healthy and diseased brains.
Adaptive Neural Delay Feedback Control of a Typical Robot on a Slope
Authors: Ji Mingyue , Sun Zhongkui , Pan Kunpeng , Pan Quan , Lyu Yang
Published: November 2024

In this article, an adaptive neural delay feedback control strategy is proposed for the motion control of a two‐wheel self‐balancing robot (TWSBR) on a slope with an input delay. Based on the Lagrange equation, the dynamic model of the robot is derived. Given a target trajectory vector, the corresponding error system is obtained. An input delay and uncertainties are considered. First, the system with an input delay is transformed into a delay‐free one. Second, a quadratic performance optimization criterion is defined, and a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller is designed to minimize the error between the system's state vector and the target vector. Thirdly, an integral sliding mode controller is added to the LQR controller to enhance the system's robustness. To reduce the “chattering” phenomenon, an adaptive neural delay feedback control scheme is developed based on the adaptive learning of the uncertainties' upper bound by a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). It is demonstrated that a relaxation process exists at the beginning of the upslope motion. As the input delay increases, the swing range of the center of gravity of the pendulum expands. The angle can converge to the steady state more quickly, but the relaxation time is still 0.031 s which has nothing to do with the input delay. An example of the back‐and‐forth motion of a TWSBR on a slope can verify an excellent agreement between theoretical analysis and numerical results.
Effect of Films on In‐Mold Decoration and Microcellular Foaming Injection Molding Parts: Cell Structure, Surface, Warpage, and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Guo Wei , Zhao Jialong , Zhao Feng , Feng Tao , Yan Kui
Published: November 2024

The in‐mold decoration and microcellular foaming injection molding (IMD‐MIM) process was proposed to solve the apparent quality problem of polypropylene in microcellular foaming injection molding. Based on physical experiments and finite element simulation, stainless steel (ST) and polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) decorative films were selected for analysis, and the influence of the type and thickness of the decorative films on the cell structure, surface morphology, warpage deformation, and mechanical properties was revealed. The results show that the surface quality of the samples coated is significantly improved, and the asymmetric temperature field caused by the films changes the structure and distribution of the cells. The cell density on the coated side is higher than that on the non‐coated side, and the average cell diameter is smaller, and the foam core layer is shifted to the coated side. The warpage caused by ST film is larger, up to 2.836 mm. With the intervention of ST film and PET film, the impact properties of the samples have little change, but the tensile and flexural properties of the foamed samples have been effectively improved. The tensile strength increased by 28.6% and 25.9%, while the flexural strength increased by 28.6% and 28.1%, respectively. This study provides new insights into the comprehensive optimization of the structure and performance of polypropylene microcellular foaming materials and provides support for the development and application of lightweight materials in the future.
Preparation and properties of polytetrafluoroethylene/zinc oxide antibacterial filaments
Authors: Guo Yangfeng , Zhang Tingting , Ding Kangjia , Wang Dongfang , Li Qian
Published: November 2024

The potential of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) products as surgical dressings is considerable, yet their absence of antibacterial properties substantially restricts their medical applications. To enhance the utility of PTFE in the medical sector, this research loaded nano zinc oxide (ZnO) particles into the PTFE filament matrix through a wet spinning process. This approach successfully yielded PTFE/ZnO composite filaments with antibacterial properties. The characterization results of the filaments show that when the mass ratio of PTFE to ZnO is 8:1, the filament has the best mechanical performance with a tensile strength of 6.78 MPa and an elongation at break of 274.46%. At the same time, composite antibacterial filaments under different process conditions show excellent antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), with an antibacterial rate of over 99%. The excellent mechanical properties ensure the ability to further process single filaments, which can be woven into fabrics, textiles, and various other products. Therefore, the composite antibacterial filaments with excellent comprehensive performance prepared in this study are expected to be applied in the field of medical fabrics.

Highlights

Provide new solution ideas for functional PTFE composite filaments preparation.

The prepared PTFE/ZnO composite filament has good acid and alkali resistance as well as excellent antibacterial properties, which is expected to broaden the application field of PTFE filaments.
Utilizing a combination of experimental and machine learning methods to predict and correlate between accelerated and natural aging of CFRP/AL adhesive joints under hygrothermal conditions
Authors: Karimi Sajjad , Yu Jianyong
Published: November 2024

This study investigates how carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)‐to‐aluminum adhesive joints behave under accelerated aging conditions with hygrothermal exposure and compares these findings against naturally aged samples to evaluate material reliability in challenging environments. The CFRP‐to‐aluminum adhesive joints were manufactured and subjected to natural aging for durations ranging from 1 to 3 years with 6‐month intervals, as well as accelerated aging (hygrothermal) for periods ranging from 100 to 1200 h, with intervals of 50 h. Subsequently, the mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated using a three‐point bending test. To forecast natural aging times from accelerated aging data, five machine learning models were utilized: artificial neural network, support vector regression, linear regression, polynomial regression, and random forest regression. Hygrothermal aging significantly degraded the matrix, causing a shift in failure modes from cohesive to mixed types (cohesive, adhesive, and fiber tear failures), leading to a notable decline in bending strength. The study observed a 23.13% strength reduction in samples aged naturally for 3 years and a 24.33% decrease in those subjected to 1000 h of accelerated aging. The random forest regressor demonstrated superior accuracy in predicting natural aging times across different accelerated aging periods. Through the application of machine learning models, this study introduces a novel approach to forecast natural aging durations using data from accelerated aging experiments. This method shows potential for optimizing joints and composite structures, ultimately improving their durability and minimizing the likelihood of failures during operational use.

Highlights

Studied hygrothermal effects on accelerated aging of carbon fiber reinforced polymer/Aluminum (AL) adhesive joints.

Noted strength reduction from hygrothermal aging.

Used five machine learning models; random forest regression had the highest accuracy.

Analyzed correlation between natural and accelerated aging of dissimilar adhesive joints.
Reinforcement and toughening of the self‐piercing riveted bonded joints induced by the pre‐embedded adhesive in rivet cavities
Authors: Liu Jianpeng , Xue Zhigang , Guo Pengcheng , Xu Congchang , Li Luoxing
Published: November 2024

Self‐piercing riveted bonded (SPRB) joints are widely used in body‐in‐white (BIW) to connect dissimilar materials owing to their high fatigue and electrochemical performance. However, the strength of the SPRB joint has been found to be inferior to that of self‐piercing riveted (SPR) joints, owing to the reduction in undercut induced by the introduction of an adhesive, especially under pull‐out loading conditions. Interestingly, the mechanical strength improved when the rivet cavity was pre‐embedded with an adhesive. Before the riveting process, the rivet cavities in SPRB joints were pre‐embedded with 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 mL of adhesive, namely them PSPRB‐V1–V3, respectively. Finite element (FE) models of SPRB and PSPRB joints were developed to analyze their formability and mechanical properties. The simulated and experimental results showed that the hydraulic pressure in the rivet cavity increased as the pre‐embedded adhesive volume in the rivet cavity increased during the riveting process, which further improved the undercut, microhardness, effective bearing area, and mechanical properties of joints. Among the prepared PSPRB joints, the PSPRB‐V3 joint exhibited the best undercut and optimal mechanical properties. Specifically, its undercut and peak force increased by 16.43% and 12.87% compared with those of SPRB joints. These findings provide important guidance for designing steel‐aluminum SPRB joints that require high‐bearing capabilities.

Highlights

The effect of pre‐embedded adhesive on the SPRB joint cross‐section was studied.

Failure mechanisms of the SPRB and PSPRB joints were investigated via FEM.

The better PSPRB joint performance over SPRB joints was elucidated.

The stress–strain history was considered in the FE model of the joint failure process.

Strengthening mechanism of pre‐embedded adhesive in the rivet cavity was discussed.
Flexible silane‐functionalized boron nitride filled polymer composite with high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation
Authors: Xu Jiahao , Yang Xinze , Zhang Chunhua , Hu Zexuan , Zhang Jiajing , Xia Liangjun , Ji Hua , Li Jianquan
Published: November 2024

Boron nitride (BN) has excellent thermal conductivity (TC), however, it exhibits high surface energy, strong chemical inertness, poor interface compatibility with polymer matrices, and difficulty in even dispersion within‐polymer matrix, preventive effective construction of TC pathways. Four kinds of modified boron nitride/polyurethane composites (BTPUC) were prepared by different silane‐functionalized BN with polyurethane (TPU). Among them, 3‐trimethoxysilylpropylmethacrylate (TMSPMA)‐functionalized BN demonstrated better interface compatibility with TPU, significantly improving the mechanical properties and TC of the composites compared to the other three functionalized BN addition. The BN@TMSPMA/PU exhibited good TC and mechanical properties, with a TC of 0.865 W/mK, a tensile stress and a tensile strain of 9.65 ± 1.40 MPa and 759.88 ± 67.93%, respectively. It also showed good electrical insulation properties and mechanical durability. Therefore, the as‐prepared BN@TMSPMA/PU have broad prospects as flexible thermal‐management materials.

Highlights

The composites are constructed by TMSPMA‐modified BN and polyurethane by NIPS.

The composites show good mechanical properties and cyclic failure resistance.

The composites exhibit good thermal conductivity and electrical insulation.
The influence of cavitation radicals on the suspension polymerization of n‐butyl methacrylate during ultrasonic emulsification
Authors: Roshchin D. E. , Torkunov M. K. , Shiyanova K. A. , Patlazhan S. A.
Published: November 2024

The influence of cavitation‐generated free radicals on the suspension polymerization of n‐butyl methacrylate under ultrasonic irradiation was investigated experimentally and by kinetic modeling. A kinetic model of radical polymerization was proposed, considering the interaction of free radicals generated in cavitation bubbles with both monomer molecules and free radicals formed within the monomer droplets. It was found that the primary contribution to the polymerization acceleration come from cavitation radicals generated inside the monomer droplets, whereas the impact of cavitation radicals formed in the dispersion medium decreases as the fraction of monomer in the mixture decreases. Increasing the concentration of cavitation radicals was shown to lead to a reduction in the average chain length and the dispersity of terminated chains. It was demonstrated that the computational results are in good agreement with experimental data.

Highlights

Kinetic model for suspension polymerization in ultrasonic field is proposed.

Impact of cavitation radicals on suspension polymerization kinetics is studied.

Chain length and dispersity decrease with increasing amount of cavitation radicals.
Outdoor Performance Monitoring Method for Degradation Studies of Perovskite Modules
Authors: Bovesecchi Gianluigi , Petitta Marcello , Pierro Marco , Agresti Antonio , Pescetelli Sara , Leonardi Enrico , Di Carlo Aldo , Cornaro Cristina
Published: November 2024

This paper presents an outdoor performance monitoring method for degradation studies of perovskite modules, focusing on a large‐area perovskite module (81.9 cm2) over a long‐term monitoring campaign. The module underwent an industrial lamination process to prevent long‐term degradation from environmental factors. The characterization procedure involved degradation correction and determining the temperature coefficients and electrical parameters of the module using initial days of measurements. The results demonstrated temperature coefficients for Isc, Voc, and Pm (α′, β′, and γ) of −0.071%·K−1, −0.119%·K−1, and −0.113%·K−1, respectively, indicating a minimal temperature influence on this technology compared with conventional ones. Using this coefficient, the STC electrical parameters were retrieved from 1‐min power output data, resolving the uncertainty of the indoor/outdoor IV curve measurements caused by the curve scan direction (JV hysteresis effect). We also highlight the initial remarkable capacity recovery effect of almost 16% during the first 2 days of operation. Additionally, a procedure that includes the IV curves analysis taken every 10 min and their translation to standard conditions has been implemented to evaluate the degradation of the module over the long‐term outdoor campaign. The results show three different trends over the period.
Rätselhafter Überschuss an kosmischen Deuteronen
Authors: Romaneehsen Lisa , Marquardt Johannes , Heber Bernd
Published: November 2024

Die jüngste Analyse von Daten, die mit dem Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS‐02) an Bord der Internationalen Raumstation gesammelt wurden, hat einen überraschenden Überschuss an kosmischen Deuteronen offenbart. Das wirft grundlegende Fragen zur Entstehung und Ausbreitung kosmischer Strahlung auf.
Mit LiDAR spielerisch Bewegung erkunden
Authors: Bürkle Hannes , Bresges André , Scheld Jochen , Wilhelm Thomas , Kuhn Jochen
Published: November 2024

Die LiDAR‐Sensoren in modernen Smartphones und Tablets verpacken jede Menge spannende Physik auf engstem Raum. Mit Motion Visualizer der App Physics Toolbox lassen sich so die Konzepte Ort, Geschwindigkeit und Beschleunigung in Form eines Bewegungsspiels erschließen.
Test Smart, Treat Smart‐using clinician feedback to adapt a catheter‐associated urinary tract infection intervention for spinal cord injury
Authors: Touchett Hilary , Arredondo Kelley , Hines‐Munson Casey , Poon Ivy , Holmes Sally Ann , Trautner Barbara W. , Skelton Felicia
Published: November 2024

Background

Catheter‐associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) prevention is a major target for hospital quality metrics because it is linked to increased morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Health care systems use strict protocols surrounding catheterization and maintenance, which often disregard the clinical needs of special populations (eg, spinal cord injury [SCI]). However, for populations that rely on chronic instrumentation of the bladder, asymptomatic (ie, nonpathogenic) bacterial colonization in the bladder is common but not linked to adverse outcomes. Additionally, alterations in neurologic and sensory function after SCI make it difficult for clinicians to discern asymptomatic bacteriuria from acute urinary tract infection requiring antibiotics. Institutional policies for screening urine during SCI annual exams often lead to detection of bacteriuria but create a clinical decision‐making challenge when determining whether antibiotic treatment is appropriate.

Objective

To conduct preimplementation SCI‐focused adaptations to the evidence‐based practice (EBP) “Kicking CAUTI”—to develop a guide for SCI providers surrounding testing and treatment of CAUTI.

Methods

Four 1‐hour focus groups were conducted with SCI clinicians (prescribers and nursing staff) to assess insights on needed modifications to adapt Kicking CAUTI for SCI. The Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications to Evidence‐based Implementation Strategies (FRAME‐IS) was used to plan and report adaptations in this work and the integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i‐PARIHS) framework to guide adaptation of the EBP for the SCI population. Content and thematic analysis guided our process.

Results

The clinical algorithm was simplified, a urinary symptom assessment added, and provider‐ and patient‐facing educational materials were developed to support implementation efforts to create the Test Smart Treat Smart Intervention.

Conclusions

Traditional CAUTI protocols do not adequately address the needs of those with SCI and modifications are needed. Provider feedback provides valuable insights when adapting population appropriate interventions.
Exploring Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Using Transient Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Sivan Aswathi K. , Galán‐González Alejandro
Published: November 2024

Hydrogen fuel produced from water splitting using sunlight remains one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources. However, photoelectrochemical hydrogen production faces several challenges, including poor sunlight absorption, deficient charge carrier lifetime and transfer rates, and very sluggish kinetics of the water oxidation half‐reaction. To address these challenges, researchers have concentrated on enhancing the efficiency of photoelectrochemical water splitting. A critical factor in this enhancement is a deeper understanding of the fundamental processes involved in photoabsorption and the subsequent oxidation evolution reaction. The advent of ultrafast lasers has enabled the detailed tracking of charge carriers within materials after sunlight absorption, including their separation and migration to the surface for water oxidation. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy is a powerful technique that allows real‐time observation of the behavior of excited states and charge carriers on femtosecond to nanosecond timescales. Recent studies utilizing ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy are explored to investigate the dynamics of charge carriers in photoelectrochemical water splitting, providing insights into the mechanisms that lead to the design of enhanced photoanodes with improved efficiency.
Respiratory manifestations of pediatric granulomatosis with polyangiitis: A 12‐year experience from a tertiary care facility
Authors: Sridhar Shilpa , Akoghlanian Shoghik , Krivchenia Katelyn
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Pediatric granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is associated with several pulmonary manifestations. This study aims to describe these manifestations at time of diagnosis and longitudinally at a tertiary‐care pediatric hospital.

Methods

We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with GPA treated at our facility between 1 January 2010 through 31 December 2021. We collected baseline demographics, reported symptoms, imaging findings, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and laboratory data at time of diagnosis. Data were collected using 6‐month observation intervals to follow recurrence of respiratory manifestations, testing during recurrence, and resultant treatment modifications.

Results

Of 13 patients treated for GPA during the study period, 12 developed respiratory tract involvement. A total of 87 6‐month observation periods were analyzed. At time of diagnosis, 83% (10/12) of subjects reported respiratory symptoms, 92% (11/12) had abnormal chest computed tomography (CT) imaging, and 42% (5/12) had abnormal PFTs. Fewer than half of the patients were seen by pulmonology within 6 months of diagnosis. Eight subjects (75%) had respiratory manifestations during subsequent observation periods. Chest CT or PFTs were obtained in 23/44 (52%) of observations periods with respiratory symptoms, with pulmonary consultation in only 9/44 (20%).

Conclusions

This is the first US study to describe respiratory manifestations in pediatric GPA patients longitudinally, finding they are common and frequently recurrent. Our cohort had almost universally abnormal imaging at diagnosis regardless of respiratory symptoms. Early collaboration with pediatric pulmonology in the care of GPA patients may allow rheumatology teams to efficiently evaluate recurrent symptoms and address concomitant lung disease.
Intelligent Generative Models for Quantum Neural Networks
Authors: Ding Xiaodong , Xiong Qibing , Xu Jinchen , Liu Fudong , Qiu Junling , Zhu Yu , Hou Yifan , Shan Zheng
Published: November 2024

The potential of quantum neural networks (QNN) for applications in several fields has been widely demonstrated, but hyperparameter selection remains a technical challenge. The complexity of combinatorial optimization rises dramatically as the dimensionality of the hyperparameter space increases, making hyperparameter selection exceptionally complex. Traditional manual trial‐and‐error methods are both time‐consuming and expensive. To break through this bottleneck, the Ansatz structure set is proposed and the Hyperband algorithm is utilized to combine the structure set with the stacking number and algorithmic hyperparameters to propose the Hyperband‐QNN model. The model can intelligently generate QNN according to the actual data features, and in practical applications in many fields such as medicine and agriculture, it performs well compared with the traditional machine learning algorithms as well as the quantum algorithms QSVM and QKNN, and when it is used to deal with the large‐scale data, the efficiency advantage becomes more obvious with the increase of the number of samples. This not only proves the advantages of Hyperband‐QNN model in practical applications but also provides useful exploration and reference for the integration of traditional algorithms and quantum algorithms in practical problems and the play of their respective advantages.
The impact of environmental sustainability on willingness to invest in startups: A survey among private investors
Authors: Voß Lasse , Cordes Henning , Lueg Rainer
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the impact of environmental sustainability on willingness to invest (WTI) in startups vs. established companies. Using data from a survey among private investors, we compare measures of WTI and the perceived return–risk ratio (RRR) for both environmentally sustainable and non‐environmentally sustainable startups and established companies. The results indicate that environmental sustainability significantly and positively influences WTI for both startups and established companies, with a notably stronger effect for startups. Non‐environmental sustainability significantly decreases WTI. Environmental sustainability has a significantly positive impact on the perceived RRR for both startups and established companies, although startups are rewarded more than established companies for environmentally sustainable practices. This highlights that entrepreneurs have a financial incentive to prioritize environmental impact, and the demand for environmental sustainability can provide startups with an advantage in capital raising. This research contributes to the limited literature regarding sustainable entrepreneurship and environmental sustainability's specific impact on WTI.
Isolation of Natural Veratrylidenehydrazide Compound from Wedelia Biflora and Synthesis of Veratrylidenehydrazide Analogue: Investigation of Larvicidal Activity Against Culex Quinquefasciatus and Toxicity Analysis in Nontarget Aquatic Species
Authors: Mani Arunadevi , Mullaivendhan Janani , Ahamed Anis , Hatamleh Ashraf Atef , Raman Gurusamy , Akbar Idhayadhulla
Published: November 2024

In this study, veratrylidenehydrazide was isolated from Wedelia biflora, and compounds (1a, 2a, and 3a–j) were synthesised to evaluate their larvicidal and antifeedant activities. Veratrylidenehydrazide 1a was verified using GC‐MS. The veratrylidenehydrazide analogues 2a and 3a–j were synthesised via a condensation method with yield range 71%–92%. The compounds (1a, 2a, and 3a–j) were synthesised and characterised through FT–IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Veratrylidenehydrazide 1a was verified using GC‐MS analysis. Natural veratrylidenehydrazide compound 1a and the synthesised veratrylidenehydrazide analogues (2a, 3a–j) were screened for larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus. The larvicidal activity of compound 3g was found to be highly active, while low toxicity was observed against Oreochromis mossambicus nontarget aquatic species compared to natural veratrylidenehydrazide. Compound 3g exhibited a higher binding affinity (−8.8 kcal/mol) compared to standard of temephos (−4.5 kcal/mol), equipotential binding affinity against permethrin (−9.1 kcal/mol), and diflubenzuron (−8.5 kcal/mol). Lead molecules have larvicidal properties, and their use as insecticides makes them important.
A New Back‐End‐Of‐Line Ferroelectric Field‐Effect Transistor Platform via Laser Processing
Authors: Kim Sang Woo , Shin Wonjun , Koo Ryun‐Han , Kim Jangsaeng , Im Jiseong , Koh Dooyong , Lee Jong‐Ho , Cheema Suraj S , Kwon Daewoong
Published: November 2024

The discovery of ferroelectricity in hafnia‐based materials has revitalized interest in realizing ferroelectric field‐effect transistors (FeFETs) due to its compatibility with modern microelectronics. Furthermore, low‐temperature processing by atomic layer deposition offers promise for realizing monolithic three‐dimensional (M3D) integration toward energy‐ and area‐efficient computing paradigms. However, integrating ferroelectrics with channel materials in FeFETs for M3D integration remains challenging due to the dual requirement of a high‐quality ferroelectric‐channel interface and low‐power operation, all while maintaining back‐end‐of‐line (BEOL)‐compatible fabrication temperatures. Recent studies on 2D semiconductors and metal oxide channels highlight these challenges. Polycrystalline silicon (poly‐Si), a channel material long integrated into the semiconductor industry, presents a promising alternative; however, its high fabrication temperature has hindered its applications to M3D integration. To overcome this challenge, we demonstrates a BEOL‐compatible FeFET platform using poly‐Si channels fabricated via locally‐confined laser thermal processing and hafnia‐based ferroelectrics by low‐temperature atomic layer deposition with wafer‐scale uniformity. The local nature of the laser processing mitigates the trade‐off between the high‐temperature crystallization for the quality of the interface and BEOL thermal budget constraints. The laser‐processed FeFETs boast the largest effective memory widow for all BEOL‐compatible FeFETs. Moreover, the fabricated FeFETs are integrated into wafer‐scale synaptic arrays for neuromorphic computing, achieving record‐high energy efficiency. Therefore, this work establishes a promising BEOL‐compatible FeFET materials platform toward M3D integration.
Broadband Response Diaphragm Materials for Human Acoustics Engineering
Authors: Bi Hongfu , Wei Yuan , Zhou Yang , He Yingying , Wang Chunyu , Zhang Cheng , Chen Jie , Cao Jiawei , Ding Xiaofeng , Zhou Jianming , Chen Gang
Published: November 2024

High‐performance fiber‐reinforced composite materials demonstrate great potential for manufacturing diaphragms in human‐engineered acoustic loudspeakers. However, the notable scarcity of high‐quality fibers and the uncontrollable nature of the diaphragm structure limit the production of high‐quality sound that conforms to human hearing. In this study, a novel composite diaphragm material is devloped by integrating the swelling carboxymethyl cellulose microfiber (CMF) with the hot‐melted sheath‐core fiber (SCF) based on the “interpenetrating polymeric network” (“IPN”) strategy. Simulation methods and Flory‐Huggins theory are applied to explain the mechanism of fiber‐structure‐property interaction in composite diaphragm materials. Owing to the distinct microstructure, this bio‐based diaphragm material shows superior mechanical characteristics, including low density (≈0.92 g cm−3), high tensile strength (≈235 MPa), and high modulus (≈9.73 GPa). Moreover, the loudspeaker mounted with bio‐based diaphragm material exhibits enhanced sensitivity (≈82.6 dB) and stable performance across a broad frequency spectrum. This study not only elucidates the multiphysics working principles of loudspeakers but also establishes a crucial connection between the physical properties of diaphragms and loudspeaker performance. It opens up new avenues for the design of high‐performance bio‐based loudspeaker diaphragms in high‐fidelity (Hi‐Fi) acoustic devices.
Promoting the Corrosion Resistance of Mo‐FeCoP@MnOx/NF via Double Protection Mechanisms Toward Electrolysis of Seawater at Ampere‐Level Current Density
Authors: Ge Suyu , Cheng Ping , Zhao Yun , Jin Haibo , Su Yuefeng , Li Ning , Li Jingbo , Xiong Zhiyong , Feng Caihong , Shi Daxin
Published: November 2024

Producing hydrogen via seawater electrolysis is pivotal for addressing both energy and environmental crises. An industrial‐current‐density electrocatalyst consisting of Mo‐doped FeCoP nanorods decorated with MnOx nanosheets is elaborately designed and grows in situ on nickel foam forming hierarchical Mo‐FeCoP@MnOx/NF (M‐FCP@MnOx/NF) for seawater electrolysis. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that MnOx species remarkably reduce the adsorption capacity of Cl−, which enhances the corrosion resistance and selectivity of M‐FCP@MnOx/NF during seawater electrolysis. Moreover, incorporating high‐valence Mo species forms a superficial electrostatic layer on electrocatalysts to repel Cl−. Owing to its enhanced double protection mechanism and unique self‐healing characteristics, M‐FCP@MnOx/NF requires overpotentials of only 209 mV (HER) and 270 mV (OER) to reach a current density of ≈1.0 A cm−2 and maintains stable operation over 120 h during alkaline electrolysis of seawater. The colorimetric analysis indicates negligible ClO− production post stability test, indicating that the OER selectivity approaches 100%.
Intermetallic Compounds for Hydrogen Storage: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Paul Amrit Raj , Mehla Sunil , Bhargava Suresh
Published: November 2024

Intermetallic compounds are an emerging class of materials with intriguing hydrogen activation and storage capabilities garnering attention for their application in low‐temperature hydrogen storage and metal hydride batteries. However, none of the existing intermetallic compounds have met the gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity target of 5.5 wt.%. Some A2B‐type intermetallic compounds, like Mg2Ni, Mg2Co, and Mg2Fe, approach this target but require high temperatures for hydrogen desorption limiting their use in low‐temperature hydrogen storage and automotive applications. Conversely, some intermetallic compounds like ZrV2 and LaNi5, exhibit hydrogen desorption at ambient conditions but with comparatively lower hydrogen storage capacities. This review article provides a comprehensive account of the different types of intermetallic compounds, their synthesis using different solidification‐based and solid‐state diffusion‐based approaches, and their metallurgical and structural properties. It examines the complex interdependencies between the structural parameters of intermetallic compounds and hydrogen storage performance. A definitive but non‐linear correlation is identified between void volume and gravimetric hydrogen storage capacities while lattice structure, evolution of lattice structure with hydrogen absorption, enthalpy of hydride formation, and hydrogen activation reactivities of intermetallic compounds are identified as critical parameters governing hydrogen storage performance.
JumpBackHash: Say Goodbye to the Modulo Operation to Distribute Keys Uniformly to Buckets
Authors: Ertl Otmar
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Distributed data processing and storage systems require efficient methods to distribute keys across buckets. While simple and fast, the traditional modulo‐based mapping is unstable when the number of buckets changes, leading to spikes in system resource utilization, such as network or database requests. Consistent hash algorithms minimize remappings but are either significantly slower, require floating‐point arithmetic, or are based on a family of hash functions rarely available in standard libraries. This work introduces JumpBackHash, a consistent hash algorithm that overcomes those shortcomings.

Methodology

JumpBackHash applies the concept of active indices borrowed from consistent weighted sampling, which inherently leads to consistency. It generates the active indices in reverse order, which avoids floating‐point operations, enables the minimization of consumed random values and the use of a standard pseudorandom generator, and finally leads to a very efficient algorithm.

Results

Theoretical analysis shows that JumpBackHash has an expected constant runtime. The expected value and the variance of the number of consumed random values perfectly agree with the experiments. Empirical tests also confirm the consistency.

Conclusion

JumpBackHash offers a fast and efficient solution for uniformly distributing keys across buckets in distributed systems. Its simplicity, performance, and the availability of a production‐ready Java implementation as part of the Hash4j open source library make it a viable replacement for the modulo‐based approach for improving assignment and system stability.
Assessment of Equilibrium between Yttrium and Oxygen in Liquid Iron
Authors: Kang Jian , Wang Hongpo , Wang Yu , Chen Ke
Published: November 2024

Rare earth elements (REEs) are crucial additives in the iron and steel industry. The accurate determination of thermodynamic data is fundamental for applying REEs in steel production; however, this has proven challenging due to their strong reactivity with refractory materials. This study assessed the thermodynamic data for the yttrium–oxygen equilibrium in liquid iron, using high‐temperature experiments with high‐purity Y2O3 crucibles as the smelting container. More reliable equilibrium constants and first‐order interaction coefficients are obtained by minimizing the reactions between yttrium and the crucible while ensuring favorable kinetic conditions. The results confirm that the deoxidation product of yttrium in liquid iron is Y2O3, and the equilibrium constant for the reaction Y2O3(s) = 2[Y] + 3[O] can be expressed as follows: . can be expressed as: . The first‐order interaction coefficient can be presented as: .
Double Low‐Yield‐Point Steel Corrugated Plates as an Innovative Damper to Improve the Behavior of CBF Braces
Authors: Jeong Seong‐Hoon , Ghamari Ali , Kotynia Renata , Kytinou Violetta
Published: November 2024

In this paper, an innovative damper made of low yield point (LYP) steel compound of double corrugated plate and flange plates to form an I‐shaped damper was considered parametrically and numerically. This damper pertain to easy fabrication and replacement after a severe earthquake. The proposed damper is expected to yield while elements outside the damper remain elastic. Consequently, it acts as a ductile fuse that was confirmed in this study. Results indicated that changing the damper from conventional steel to LYP steel improves the damper's performance. Because dampers with the same exhibited different responses, classification of the damper response based on the is not approritae. Of course, considering the fact that it has shear behavior with can be used in the initial design, but it is an incomplete criterion. Also, for dampers with , the ultimate strength is increased related to the from 2.64 to 4.50 times whereas for and is reached 1.35 to 3.84 times and 1.34 to 3.80 times, respectively. It confirms that on the , the most effective on the ultimate strength is obtained by changing the A36 steel to LYP steel. It should be noted that by increasing the by two to four times, the energy dissipation is enhanced 1.44 to 5.64 times for LYP dampers and 1.15 to 2.02 times for A36 dampers.
On the linearized Eringen–Cattaneo–Christov–Straughan model: Some qualitative properties of solutions
Authors: Quintanilla Ramón , Zampoli Vittorio
Published: November 2024

In this paper the Eringen–Cattaneo–Christov–Straughan linearized model is investigated, studying for it in particular: (i) the well‐posedness in Hadamard's sense of the related initial‐boundary value problem, by resorting to the semigroup theory; and (ii) the type of decay the solutions are subject to. This study contributes to strengthening the theoretical basis of a recent model capable of describing thermoporoacoustic phenomena.
Introduction
Authors: Pompermaier Matteo
Published: November 2024

In recent years, there has been a significant expansion in scientific literature devoted to the study of social networks. The very use of the term “network” has become increasingly common across a wide range of contexts. This trend reflects the rising interest of the scholarly community in these structures, which “permeate our social and economic lives”.
Looking for Dark Matter Credit: Exploring Notarial Credit Markets in Antwerp and Its Surroundings ca. 1835
Authors: Peeters Ruben , van Kooten Rogier
Published: November 2024

This chapter investigates the notarial credit markets in Antwerp and its environs during the early nineteenth century, with a focus on their structure, functioning, and flows. Prior to the twentieth century, notarial credit markets played a significant role in supplying substantial investment capital to both firms and households. However, knowledge regarding these markets, particularly outside of France, is limited. Leveraging a newly compiled dataset of notarized loans, we employ descriptive statistics, geographical mapping, and social network analysis to analyze the dynamics of the credit market. Our findings indicate a sizable and expansive urban credit market, wherein affluent creditors dominated, yet the middling classes also actively participate as debtors. Credit transactions primarily circulated within the city or its surrounding countryside, while the city was well connected to surrounding municipalities and more distant large cities. Contrasting with village notaries, those situated in Antwerp showed a broader geographical reach, engaging in credit transactions not only within Belgium but also extending internationally. This research contributes to a nuanced understanding of notarial credit markets beyond the scope of nineteenth-century France.
Credit and Social Networks in Late Fourteenth-Century Tyrol: The Village of Laas
Authors: Nicolussi-Köhler Stephan
Published: November 2024

This paper delves into the functioning of credit markets during the late fourteenth century in Tyrol, using a notarial register from a rural area and applying a social network analysis approach. Particular focus is directed toward the individuals involved in the credit market within the village of Laas. The findings indicate that credit transactions, typically backed by collaterals, predominantly circulated within the confines of the local community and its immediate vicinity, spanning roughly a 50-kilometer radius, as interregional capital markets were relatively underdeveloped. Both the notary and the village officeholders played critical roles in organizing and mediating issues arising from asymmetric information within the credit market.
Moneychangers and the Local Credit Market in Late Renaissance Florence. A Social Network Analysis
Authors: Pompermaier Matteo
Published: November 2024

This chapter studies the structure and functioning of the interpersonal credit network in fifteenth-century Florence, focusing particularly on intermediation. To this end, the research centers on a specific professional group, the moneychangers. They were trained accountants and among the few individuals in the city with ready cash, which allowed them to be very active in the credit market. The sources show that they were not only lenders, but also intermediaries and guarantors. The chapter uses social network analysis (SNA) to investigate the main characteristics of the credit network and uses a multilevel algorithm to identify and study the communities that compose it. The analysis confirms the strength of professional and geographical homophily in network formation. Moreover, it suggests that moneychangers might have had an important bridging role in the Florentine credit market and highlights the ways through which they linked various communities of the network with each other. The paper confirms quantitatively and qualitatively the important contribution of moneychangers to the efficiency of the local credit market—identified here as the capacity of the market to match debtors and creditors.
A multi-method study of femtosecond laser modification and ablation of amorphous hydrogenated carbon coatings
Authors: Hirahara Kenta , Bonse Jörn , Krüger Jörg , Weise Matthias , Ermilova Elena , Schusterbauer Robert , Unterreiner Andreas-Neil , Hertwig Andreas
Published: November 2024

We present a study on femtosecond laser treatment of amorphous hydrogen-containing carbon coatings (a-C:H). The coatings were deposited on silicon wafers by a plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition (PA-CVD), resulting in two different types of material with distinct properties (referred to as “absorbing” and “semi-transparent” coatings in the following). The samples were laser-treated with single fs-laser pulses (800 nm center wavelength, 35 fs pulse duration) in the ablative regime. Through a multi-method approach using topometry, Raman spectroscopy, and spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry, we can identify zones and thresholds of different fluence dependent effects and have access to the local dielectric function. The two coating materials react significantly different upon laser treatment. We determined the (non-ablative) modification threshold fluence for the absorbing coating as $$3.6\times {10}^{-2}$$

3.6
×

10

-
2

 Jcm−2 and its ablation threshold as 0.22 Jcm−2. The semi-transparent coating does not show such a low-fluence modification but exhibits a characteristic interference-based intra-film ablation mechanism with two distinguishable ablation thresholds at 0.25 and 0.28 Jcm−2, respectively. The combination of tailored layer materials and correlative imaging spectroscopic methods delivers new insights into the behaviour of materials when treated with ultrashort-pulse laser radiation.

Graphical abstract