bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of Various Cerebral Protection Techniques Used during the Surgical Treatment of Chronic Pulmonary Thromboembolism
Authors: Kamenskaya Oksana Vasilyevna , Cherniavsky Alexander Mikhailovich , Klinkova Asya Stanislavovna , Cherniavsky Mikhail Alexandrovich , Meshkov Ivan Olegovich , Lomivorotov Vladimir Vladimirovich , Kornilov Igor Anatolyevich , Karaskov Alexander Mikhailovich
Published: July 2023

Circulatory arrest during pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) for chronic pulmonary embolism leads to an increased risk of cerebral ischemia and neurological complications. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of various cerebral protection techniques used during the surgical treatment of chronic pulmonary thromboembolism. We prospectively studied 61 patients with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism who underwent PTE. We compared the dynamics of cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2, %) during the surgical treatment and analyzed neurological complications during the early postoperative period in two groups of patients: 30 patients who underwent surgery under conditions of moderate hypothermia (23°C–24°C) combined with antegrade unilateral cerebral perfusion (ACP group) and 31 patients who underwent thromboendarterectomy under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (18°C, DHCA group) combined with craniocerebral hypothermia. In the ACP group, regional rSO2 decreased by less than 20% from baseline during the course of PTE. In the DHCA group, a more profound reduction of cerebral oxygen supply (by >30% from baseline) was recorded compared with the ACP group (p < .05). During the early postoperative period, 29% of patients in the DHCA group exhibited neurological complications, compared with only 7% of patients from the ACP group. The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk of progressive neurological deficit depended on the duration of the intraoperative period when the absolute values of regional rSO2 were <40%. The method with the best adjustment to human physiology in patients with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism was antegrade cerebral perfusion. This method provides a smaller decrease in cerebral oxygen supply during thromboendarterectomy and significantly reduces the risk of ischemia and neurological complications in the early postoperative period.
Performance Evaluation of the Plateletworks® in the Measurement of Blood Cell Counts as compared to the Beckman Coulter Unicel DXH 800
Authors: McNair Erick , Qureshi A. Mabood , Bally Cara
Published: July 2023

Prior to undergoing cardiac surgery many patients may have impaired platelet function due to platelet inhibition. Point of care testing (POCT) that produces quick results of platelet counts and function allow earlier clinician interpretation, diagnosis and treatment. Before being adopted for routine clinical use, a POCT device’s performance must be evaluated by standard laboratory techniques to ensure high quality results. The purpose of this study is to determine the performance of the Plateletworks® BC 3200 automated hematology analyzer by correlating its precision, accuracy and linearity for the measurement of blood counts to our hospital central laboratory analyzer (Beckman Coulter Unicel DXH 800). The study utilizes well described methods for Within-Run and Day-to-Day precision, comparison of methods (bias), and linearity. Control samples from the manufacturer were used for the precision studies, blood samples from 115 cardiac surgical subjects were used for comparison of methods and accuracy, and pre-diluted control samples from the manufacturer were used for the linearity studies. The precision of the Plateletworks® analyzer was acceptable. The overall coefficient of variation (CV) for the measured parameters at all levels of control for Within-Run precision was acceptable ranging from 0.65–6.4%. Likewise, the CV for the measured parameters at all levels of control for Day-to-Day precision was acceptable ranging from 1.45% to 6.7%. The correlation and accuracy between the two analyzers for the evaluated parameters (platelets, red blood cells, white blood cells, and hemoglobin) was acceptable. The linearity for the measured parameters was also acceptable with a range between 98–100%. The performance of the Plateletworks® analyzer was acceptable for providing blood cell counts as compared to our central hospital laboratory analyzer.
Are Antiphospholipid Antibodies a Surrogate Risk Factor for Thrombosis in Sepsis?
Authors: Thachil Jecko , Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: July 2023

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a hypercoagulable state caused by antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). APS clinically manifests with arterial or venous or microvascular thrombi and/or pregnancy complications. It is well-known that the development of aPL can be a transient phenomenon and thus the current diagnostic criterion for APS requires repeat laboratory testing several weeks apart before a definitive diagnosis is made. However, transient presence of aPL may also be pathogenic. In this article, we attempt to give historical and clinical evidence for the importance of these antibodies, even when transient, and call for further research into mechanisms by which these antibodies may promote thrombosis and pregnancy morbidities.
Thermoelectric response of Janus monolayer M2P2S3Se3 (M = Zn and Cd)
Authors: Feng Zhuyu , Huang Yuhong , Lin Shujing , Yuan Hongkuang , Chen Hong
Published: July 2023

Thermoelectric transport properties of Janus monolayers M2P2S3Se3 (M = Zn and Cd) are investigated by the first-principles based transport theory. The Zn2P2S3Se3 and Cd2P2S3Se3 monolayers are indirect-gap semiconductors. The high polarizability of M-Se/S bonds in the MS3Se3 distorted octahedrons leads to anharmonic phonon behavior, which produces an intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity (κl) as low as 1.06 and 1.99 W m−1 K−1 at 300 K for Zn2P2S3Se3 and Cd2P2S3Se3 monolayers, respectively. The lower κl of the Zn2P2S3Se3 monolayer is mainly attributed to more pronounced flat modes of the phonon dispersion in a frequency range of 1–1.7 THz caused by the softer Zn–Se/S bonds. The polar optical phonon scattering of carriers surprisingly plays a dominant role in carrier transport of both the monolayers, which greatly suppresses the electrical conductivity and thereby the power factor by about an order of magnitude. The predicted figure of merit (zT) increases monotonically with the temperature at the optimal carrier density, and at the operating temperature of 1200 K, it reaches an optimal value of 0.86 at an optimal electron density of ∼1.5×1013 cm−2 for the n-type Zn2P2S3Se3 monolayer and 0.30 at an optimal electron density of ∼7×1012 cm−2 for the n-type Cd2P2S3Se3 monolayer.
Influence of vibronic interaction of charge transfer excitons in PTB7/BTA-based nonfullerene organic solar cells
Authors: Ikeyama Sumire , Muraoka Azusa
Published: July 2023

We studied photoinduced charge transfer (CT) states and their dissociation processes at the donor/acceptor (D/A) interface of PTB7/BTAx (x = 1 and 3) nonfullerene organic thin-film solar cells using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations. We focused on the CT distances and electron coupling in the CT state generated by photoexcitation and the Huang–Rhys (HR) factors that describe the nonadiabatic processes associated with vibronic interactions. The PTB7/BTA3 system with a large short-circuit current density (JSC) exhibited a large charge CT distance and electronic coupling. Contrastingly, the PTB7/BTA1 system with a low JSC has a large HR factor because of the low-wavenumber vibrational modes in the CT state of the D/A complex and is prone to nonadiabatic relaxation to the ground state. Systematic theoretical analysis of the excitonic states in the D/A complex has provided insight into the control of CT exciton dynamics, namely JSC and electron–hole recombination.
The effects of incident light wavelength difference on the collective stimulated Brillouin scattering in plasmas
Authors: Wang Qiang , Li Zhichao , Liu Zhanjun , Gong Tao , Zhang Wenshuai , Xu Tao , Li Bin , Li Ping , Li Xin , Zheng Chunyang , Cao Lihua , Liu Xincheng , Pan Kaiqiang , Zhao Hang , Liu Yonggang , Deng Bo , Hou Lifei , Li Yingjie , Liu Xiangming , Li Yulong , Peng Xiaoshi , Guan Zanyang , Wang Qiangqiang , Che Xingsen , Li Sanwei , Yin Qiang , Zhang Wei , Xia Liqiong , Wang Peng , Jiang Xiaohua , Guo Liang , Li Qi , He Minqing , Hao Liang , Cai Hongbo , Zheng Wudi , Zou Shiyang , Yang Dong , Wang Feng , Yang Jiamin , Zhang Baohan , Ding Yongkun , He Xiantu
Published: July 2023

The first laser–plasma interaction experiment using lasers of eight beams grouped into one octad has been conducted on the Shenguang Octopus facility. Although each beam intensity is below its individual threshold for stimulated Brillouin backscattering (SBS), collective behaviors are excited to enhance the octad SBS. In particular, when two-color/cone lasers with wavelength separation 0.3 nm are used, the backward SBS reflectivities show novel behavior in which beams of longer wavelength achieve higher SBS gain. This property of SBS can be attributed to the rotation of the wave vectors of common ion acoustic waves due to the competition of detunings between geometrical angle and wavelength separation. This mechanism is confirmed using massively parallel supercomputer simulations with the three-dimensional laser–plasma interaction code LAP3D.
Elimination of the bias-stress effect in ligand-free quantum dot field-effect transistors
Authors: Tolentino Jason , Gibbs Markelle , Abelson Alex , Law Matt
Published: July 2023

Field-effect transistors (FETs) made from colloidal quantum dot (QD) solids commonly suffer from current–voltage hysteresis caused by the bias-stress effect (BSE), which complicates fundamental studies of charge transport in QD solids and the use of QD FETs in electronics. Here, we show that the BSE can be eliminated in n-channel PbSe QD FETs by first removing the QD ligands with a dose of H2S gas and then infilling the QD films with alumina by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The H2S-treated, alumina-infilled FETs have stable, hysteresis-free device characteristics (total short-term stability), indefinite air stability (total long-term stability), and a high electron mobility of up to 14 cm2 V−1 s−1, making them attractive for QD circuitry and optoelectronic devices. The BSE-free devices are utilized to conclusively establish the dependence of the electron mobility on temperature and QD diameter. We demonstrate that the BSE in these devices is caused by both electron trapping at the QD surface and proton drift within the film. The H2S/alumina chemistry produces ligand-free PbSe/PbS/Al2O3 interfaces that lack the traps that cause the electronic part of the BSE, while full alumina infilling stops the proton motion responsible for the ionic part of the BSE. Our matrix engineering approach should aid efforts to eliminate the BSE, boost carrier mobilities, and improve charge transport in other types of nanocrystal solids.
Simultaneous detection of force and tunneling current in electrolyte solution by using qPlus sensor
Authors: Kobayashi Naritaka , Hojo Masayuki , Baba Kengo , Sakuta Ken
Published: July 2023

We have developed a sensor for simultaneous measurement of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under liquid environments. The sensor, which is based on the qPlus sensor, is equipped with an insulated conductive tip. Owing to its electrical insulation except for the tip apex, the developed sensor enabled simultaneous detection of tip–sample interaction force and tunneling current, suppressing the Faradaic leakage current. As a fundamental demonstration, we performed simultaneous AFM/STM imaging in an electrolyte solution by using the developed sensor.
Suppression of large-scale azimuthal modulations in a von Kármán flow using random forcing
Authors: Berning Hanna , Rösgen Thomas
Published: July 2023

A stable flow structure in a fully turbulent von Kármán swirling flow with counter-rotating disks is examined experimentally using global characterization methods (particle image velocimetry and ultrasonic profiling) and local methods at the center (ultrasonic Lagrangian tracking). The flow exhibits an azimuthal modulation in the central transverse plane, rotating slowly in the azimuthal direction. Contrary to previous studies, the bifurcation does not emerge from jumps of the shear layer plane but is symmetric to the transverse plane. To illustrate the underlying flow topology, a low-order model consisting of three superimposed modes is presented. A pseudo-random reversal of the disk rotation suppresses this dominant flow structure, retaining only the prototypical mean inward-pumping mode. Variations of the forcing method are studied for Reynolds numbers between 25 000 and 100 000, characteristic reversal times between 13 and 3000 Lagrangian integral times, and two reversal patterns. In contrast to a regular disk reversal, the employed pseudo-random sequence does not introduce any spurious timescales. The simple, yet efficient method is shown to robustly suppress the low-frequency signature of the azimuthal modulations over all Reynolds numbers under investigation. Globally, this yields a strong improvement in axisymmetric homogeneity and local statistical stationarity at moderate timescales. Also in the center of the cell, the removal of the highly anisotropic large-scale modulations enhances the transverse isotropy and homogeneity of the fully resolved turbulent flow and otherwise leaves the small-scale turbulent features largely unaffected. A description of the flow with the low-order model consequently reduces to only a single mode.
Tanh-like models for analysis and prediction of time-dependent flow around a circular cylinder at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Wang Libao , Xu Min , Zheng Boda , An Xiaomin
Published: July 2023

When employing traditional low-order approximation equations to forecast the Hopf bifurcation phenomenon in the wake of a circular cylinder at low Reynolds numbers, inaccuracies may arise in estimating the phase. This is due to the fact that, in this transition process, the frequency varies with time. In this paper, we propose a method for analyzing and predicting the vortex shedding behind a cylinder at low Reynolds numbers. The proposed method is based on coordinate transformation and description function and is demonstrated using data from computational fluid dynamics simulation of flow around a cylinder at Reynolds number 100. The resulting governing equations explicitly contain the flow amplitude and implicitly contain the flow frequency. The proposed method is found to have higher accuracy compared to other methods for nonlinear identification and order reduction. Finally, the method is extended to predict nonlinear vortex shedding in the Reynolds number range of 80–200.
Island THz on-chip slot-antenna resonant-tunneling-diode oscillators
Authors: Tuan Nguyen D. , Ourednik P. , Feiginov M.
Published: July 2023

We demonstrate an “island” design of on-chip slot-antenna resonant-tunneling-diode (RTD) oscillators, where the contact n++ layer is removed everywhere except for a small island under the RTD. At frequencies around 2 THz, this design leads to a significant reduction (by a factor of ≈ 2) in the total Ohmic losses at the conducting surfaces of the slot antenna. With this design, we achieved the highest radiated power for RTD oscillators in the frequency range of 1.6–1.74 THz with around 2.2 μW at the fundamental frequency of 1.74 THz. Theoretical analysis of the oscillators indicates that with the utilized RTD design, the operating frequencies beyond 2 THz should be reached if the RTD contact resistance is reduced to 1–1.5 Ω  μm2.
Structural evaluation in vicinity of composition induced non-ergodic to ergodic crossover in niobium doped (Na0.41K0.09Bi0.5)TiO3
Authors: Sharma Ankur , Yadav Pinki , Bhaumik Indranil , Singh M. N. , Sathe Vasant , Singh Gurvinderjit
Published: July 2023

A structural crossover from non-ergodic to ergodic phase in niobium doped (Na0.41K0.09Bi0.5)TiO3, i.e., (Na0.41K0.09Bi0.50)1−x/2(Ti1−xNbx)O3 was investigated using high resolution x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The diffraction studies reveal the co-existence of cubic (Pm3m), rhombohedral (R3c), and tetragonal (P4bm) phases for lower concentrations of niobium, i.e., for x ≤ 0.005 and the emergence of the pseudo-cubic (Pm3m) structure for higher niobium contents (for x ≥ 0.0075). On the other hand, Raman spectroscopy reveals the augmentation of the tetragonal phase with niobium content. These observations advocate the crossover from the non-ergodic to ergodic phase with niobium content. The presence of the pseudo-cubic phase (Pm3m), especially for x ≥ 0.0075, does not indicate the existence of the long-range cubic phase; rather, it models the contribution of nano-regions with the tetragonal symmetry as indicated in the Raman measurements. It further suggests that, with the incorporation of niobium, the size polar nano-regions diminish that leads to the crossover from the non-ergodic to ergodic phase.
A case study of South Australia’s severe thunderstorm and tornado outbreak 28 September 2016
Authors: Zovko-Rajak Dragana , Tory Kevin J. , Kepert Jeffrey D.
Published: July 2023

An analysis of the South Australian severe thunderstorm and tornado outbreak of 28 September 2016, which produced at least seven tornadoes and contributed to a state-wide power outage, is presented here. Although challenging, prediction and understanding of tornadoes and other hazards associated with severe thunderstorms is very important to forecasters and to community and emergency services preplanning and preparedness. High-resolution deterministic and ensemble simulations of the event are conducted using the Australian Community Climate and Earth-System Simulator (ACCESS) model and the simulations are compared to radar and satellite observations. The deterministic simulation and two of the ensemble members show that the overall structure, orientation, intensity and timing of simulated thunderstorms is in good agreement with the observations. In the deterministic simulation, a hook-echo feature in the simulated reflectivity, indicating the presence of a mesocyclone, appeared at the time and location of one of the observed tornadoes. Two diagnostics were found to have good value for identifying tornado-formation risk. Updraft helicity successfully identified the potential for mesocyclone development, and the Okubo–Weiss parameter identified model-resolved mesocyclone rotation. The ensemble simulations show a wide range of outcomes for intensity, timing and structure of the event, as well as differences in potential for tornado formation. This emphasises the importance of ensemble simulations in forecasting severe weather and associated hazards, as ensembles identify a range of possible scenarios and the uncertainty, leading to improved guidance for forecasters and emergency services.
Embodied action in remote online interaction
Authors: Garcia Angela Cora
Published: July 2023

In this paper I use a conversation analytic approach to investigate how participants in a meeting held remotely
via Zoom use embodied action to solicit selection as next speaker. When hand raising is not immediately successful, participants
use embodied actions to withdraw, modify, upgrade, downgrade or reissue gestures in pursuit of selection as next speaker. Due to
the technological affordances and limitations of the remote meeting environment, participants’ gestures and hand positions differ
from what would typically occur in face-to-face interaction, resulting in frequent gestures near the face that provide for both
visibility to the Zoom audience and easy transition to a raised hand position when necessary. I discuss these results in terms of
our understanding of how technologically mediated virtual interaction through the internet impacts the use of embodied action, and
how participants coordinate their embodied action and responses to it with turn taking and sequence completion.
A neural network approach to kinetic Mie polarimetry for particle size diagnostics in nanodusty plasmas
Authors: Schmitz Alexander , Petersen Andreas , Greiner Franko
Published: July 2023

The analysis of the size of nanoparticles is an essential task in plasma technology and dusty plasmas. Light scattering techniques, based on Mie theory, can be used as a non-invasive and in-situ diagnostic tool for this purpose. However, the standard back-calculation methods require expertise from the user. To address this, we introduce a neural network that performs the same task. We discuss how we set up and trained the network to analyze the size of plasma-grown amorphous carbon nanoparticles (a:C–H) with a refractive index n in the range of real(n) =

1.4
−
2.2

and imag(n) =

0.04
i
−
0.1
i

and a radius of up to several hundred nanometers, depending on the used wavelength. The diagnostic approach is kinetic, which means that the particles need to change in size due to growth or etching. An uncertainty analysis as well as a test with experimental data are presented. Our neural network achieves results that agree with those of prior fitting algorithms while offering higher methodical stability. The model also holds a major advantage in terms of computing speed and automation.
SCE-SLAM: a real-time semantic RGBD SLAM system in dynamic scenes based on spatial coordinate error
Authors: Song Shiyu , Chen Ji , Zhong Yujiang , Zhang Wei , Hou Wenbo , Zhang Liumingyuan
Published: July 2023

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is one of the prerequisite technologies for intelligent mobile robots to accomplish various tasks in unknown environments. In recent years, many excellent SLAM systems have emerged, but most of them have a basic assumption that the environment is static, which results in their poor performance in dynamic environments. To solve this problem, this paper presents SCE-SLAM: a novel real-time semantic RGB-D SLAM system that is built on the RGB-D mode of ORB-SLAM3. SCE-SLAM tightly combines semantic and geometric information. Considering the real-time requirements, the semantic module provides semantic prior knowledge for the geometric module using the latest and fastest object detection network YOLOv7. Then, a new geometric constraint method is proposed to filter dynamic feature points. This method takes full advantage of depth images and semantic information to recover three-dimensional (3D) feature points and the initial camera pose. A 3D coordinate error is used as a threshold, and SCE-SLAM removes dynamic points using the K-means clustering algorithm. In this way, SCE-SLAM effectively reduces the impact of dynamic points. Furthermore, we validate SCE-SLAM with challenging dynamic sequences of the TUM dataset. The results demonstrate that SCE-SLAM significantly improves the localization accuracy and system robustness in all kinds of dynamic environments.
Camera calibration approach using polarized light based on high-frequency component variance weighted entropy for pose measurement
Authors: Zhang Zimiao , He Linjie , Wu Yanan , Zhang Fumin
Published: July 2023

The camera’s intrinsic parameters calibration directly affects monocular pose measurement accuracy. To improve the calibration accuracy of the camera’s intrinsic parameters, the polarizing device is used to eliminate the high-brightness areas in the images collected for camera calibration. However, an unsuitable polarizing angle will reduce the image’s contrast. This causes the texture information of the image to be lost or makes the extracted feature change in the direction of grayscale value decline, ultimately affecting the feature extraction. Aiming at this issue, this paper proposed a camera calibration approach using polarized light based on high-frequency component variance weighted entropy (HVE). We determined the suitable polarizing angle according to the two-dimensional homography matrix describing the mapping between the target plane and normalized imaging plane for each calibration location. Under the suitable polarizing angle, we determined the optimal exposure time according to the HVE. The images collected under suitable polarizing angles and the optimal exposure time were used to finish the camera calibration. The suitable polarizing angles and optimal exposure time can ensure the image’s contrast and texture information. The experimental findings demonstrate that our approach can increase the camera calibration accuracy and thus pose measurement accuracy. In the −45° to +45° range, the average pose measurement error is less than 0.05° and lowered by 0.08° (62%) compared to that performed using the intrinsic parameters calibrated with the images collected under no polarizing device. In the 0–20 mm range, the average pose measurement error is less than 0.028 mm and lowered by 0.05 mm (64%) compared to that performed using the intrinsic parameters calibrated with the images collected under no polarizing device.
Deep learning with CBAM-based CNN for batch process quality prediction
Authors: Zhao Xiaoqiang , Tuo Benben , Hui Yongyong
Published: July 2023

Data-driven quality prediction model has been widely used in product estimation of batch processes. However, the initial conditions of different batches in batch process are different, and the multiphase characteristics and nonlinearity in batch are not conducive to the quality prediction. To solve these problems, a model for batch process quality prediction based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed. Firstly, in order to enhance data characteristics and reduce model computing time, a maximum information coefficient (MIC) method based on mutual information is used to select variables according to the correlation between process variables and quality variables. Secondly, the quality prediction model of convolutional block attention module (CBAM)-CNN based on the attention mechanism is established. On the one hand, an improved CBAM is fused into the CNN. The input feature mapping is re-calibrated to focus on useful feature information and weaken irrelevant redundant information in each sliding window. On the other hand, by introducing an improved convolutional module with double-band skip connection lines, the backpropagation speed of the CBAM-CNN model is accelerated, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of the overfitting problem. Finally, the data of batch process is used as the input of the prediction model. The superiority and effectiveness of the proposed model are verified by predicting the quality variable of the penicillin fermentation process simulation benchmark and the industrial-scale penicillin fermentation process. It is proved that the proposed model has better generalization performance in the quality prediction of the penicillin fermentation process with different control strategies.
On Feldman–Katok metric and entropy formulas
Authors: Cai Fangzhou , Li Jie
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we study the Feldman–Katok metric and give corresponding entropy formulas by replacing Bowen metric with Feldman–Katok metric. It turns out that the Feldman–Katok metric is the weakest one, in the sense of allowing desynchrony and jump in the process of measuring orbit segments’ distance, that makes the entropy formulas valid. Some related topics are also discussed.
Suppressing image blurring of PROPELLER MRI via untrained method
Authors: Saju Gulfam , Li Zhiqiang , Mao Hui , Liu Tianming , Chang Yuchou
Published: July 2023

Objective. Periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (PROPELLER) used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is inherently insensitive to motion artifacts but with an expense of around 60% increase in minimum scan time. An untrained deep learning method is proposed to accelerate PROPELLER MRI while suppressing image blurring. Approach. Several reconstruction methods have been developed to accelerate PROPELLER with reduced sampling on blades. However, image quality is degraded due to blurring. Deep learning has been applied to enhance MRI reconstruction quality, and external training data are therefore needed. In addition, the distribution shift problem in deep learning also exists between the external training data and to-be-reconstructed target blade data. This paper introduces an untrained neural network (UNN) to suppress image blurring, which is applied to improve PROPELLER MRI. This network structure was then incorporated into blade k-space. Results. The untrained method improved the blade image quality from brain MRI data. Furthermore, it enhanced the sharpness of the reconstructed image compared to PROPELLER reconstructions using parallel imaging methods and supervised learning methods using external training data. PROPELLER blade acquisition was accelerated by undersampling data with reduction factors 2, 3 and 4. Significance. The reported UNN enhanced PROPELLER method can improve image quality by suppressing blurring. External training data are not needed to mitigate the challenge of collecting high-quality clinical data for training without affecting clinical workflow and the standard care for patients.
Verification of gyrokinetic particle simulations of neoclassical tearing modes in fusion plasmas
Authors: Wang Kaijie , Sun Shuying , Zhang Wenlu , Lin Zhihong , Wei Xishuo , Liu Pengfei , Feng Hongying , Wang Xiaogang , Li Ding
Published: July 2023

The ability to simulate neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) in the gyrokinetic toroidal code (GTC) has been developed and verified, in which ions are treated with a gyrokinetic model and electrons are treated as a resistive fluid. The simulation results demonstrate that the neoclassical bootstrap current effect can destabilize an otherwise stable classical tearing mode. In the cylindrical geometry, GTC simulations in the magnetohydrodynamic limit show quantitative agreement with the modified Rutherford theory, both in terms of the scaling law in the small island limit and in terms of the saturation level and pressure flattening effect in the large island limit. The toroidal effects are slightly destabilizing for the NTM, while the kinetic effects of thermal ions are stabilizing for the NTM and increase its excitation threshold.
High infrared responsivity of silicon photodetector with titanium-hyperdoping
Authors: Cheng Li , Yang Lei , Fu Jiawei , Cong Jingkun , Yang Deren , Yu Xuegong
Published: July 2023

Silicon (Si) photodetectors have advantages of low cost, convenient preparation, and high integration. However, limited by the indirect bandgap of 1.12 eV, Si photodetectors cannot perform at the wavelength beyond 1100 nm. It is attractive to extend the response wavelength of Si-based photodetectors for the optoelectronics application in recent years. In this article, we have successfully prepared a high-performance photoconductive detector based on titanium-hyperdoped Si (Si:Ti). The Si:Ti material shows an enhanced infrared absorption primarily attributed to the sub-bandgap photo excitation assisted by titanium (Ti)-induced energy states with an average energy level of Ev + 0.23 eV. Moreover, the detector exhibits a high responsivity of 200 mA W−1 under 1550 nm light at 5 V bias, which is higher than previously reported transition metals hyperdoped silicon detectors. These results are helpful for the development of infrared hyperdoped silicon photodetectors in the field of optoelectronics.
Growth simulation based on diffusion-limited aggregation method for dendritic interfacial electrodes inside IPMC
Authors: Zhao Chun , Yan Yuting , Tang Gangqiang , Zhao Xin , Mei Dong , Wang Yanjie
Published: July 2023

Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) with dendritic interfacial electrodes (DIEs) have attracted attention in recent years due to their excellent actuation performance. Although considerable efforts have been made to develop aggregation models of metal particles for the electrode formation of IPMC, there are few reports to simulate the growth of DIEs inside IPMC. In this work, we proposed an electrode model based on diffusion-limited aggregation method to simulate the growth process of DIEs inside IPMC by referring their preparation parameters and morphology characteristics. Meanwhile, the effects of immersion reduction (IR) cycles, immersion electroplating (IEP) time, IEP cycles, current intensity and voltage amplitude on the morphology and microstructure of DIEs were studied. It was found that the depth and the density of DIEs inside IPMC gradually increased with the increase of IR cycles, IEP time and IEP cycles. However, the growth depth of DIEs decreased significantly with the increase of current intensity. In addition, the voltage amplitude has little effect on the DIEs. This model is of great significance to the study of the formation mechanism of IPMC with DIEs.
Charge-plasma-based inverted T-shaped source-metal dual-line tunneling FET with improved performance at 0.5 V operation
Authors: Anam Aadil , Amin S Intekhab , Prasad Dinesh , Kumar Naveen , Anand Sunny
Published: July 2023

In this paper, a charge plasma-based inverted T-shaped source-metal dual line-tunneling field-effect transistor (CP-ITSM-DLTFET) has been proposed to improve the ON current (ION) by increasing the line-tunneling area. In the proposed structure, the charge plasma technique is used to induce the dopants in the source and drain regions. Due to its doping-less structure, the proposed CP-ITSM-DLTFET is immune to random dopant fluctuations and does not require an expensive thermal annealing technique. This makes the proposed device’s fabrication easier and more efficient. The proposed CP-ITSM-DLTFET comprises an inverted T-shaped source metal (sandwiched between the Si-channel) and creates gate-to-source overlap and increases the tunneling area vertically on both sides of the Si-channel. The vertical line-tunneling area in the proposed structure makes the device able to be aggressively scaled compared to conventional TFETs for future technology. The proposed CP-ITSM-DLTFET outperforms almost all pre-existing dopingless TFETs in terms of DC and RF parameters. The switching performance (like high ION = 31.88 uA um−1, steeper AVSS = 23.42 mV dec−1 (over 12-order of drain current), and high ION/IOFF ratio of 1.6 × 1013) and the RF performance (like transconductance (gm) = 0.37 mS, Cut-off frequency (fT) = 90.18 GHz, and Gain Bandwidth product (GBW) = 32.3 GHz) of the proposed CP-ITSM-DLTFET are superior to almost all pre-existing Si, SiGe, and Ge based doping-less TFETs. Moreover, the proposed CP-ITSM-DLTFET-based CMOS inverter has also been comprehensively studied in the paper, showing a good noise margin NMH = 0.198 V (39.8% of VDD) and NML = 0.206 V (41.2% of VDD) with a high voltage gain of 30.25 at VDD = 0.5 V, suggesting great potential for future low power applications.
An approach of filtering simulated magnetospheric X-ray images based on self-supervised network and random forest
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Wang Rongcong , Li Dalin , Sun Tianran , Peng Xiaodong
Published: July 2023

Imaging is an important method for observing the Earth’s space environment. Future missions, such as the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE), aim to explore the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth’s magnetosphere via soft x-ray imaging. With the advent of these missions, a large number of magnetospheric images may be acquired. However, as the viewing geometry and solar wind conditions change, satellites sometimes fail to capture the magnetopause inside the field of view. We propose an approach that blends machine learning and deep learning to filter the simulated x-ray images for the SMILE mission, aiming to achieve automatic classification of the detected images. First, we performed magnetohydrodynamic simulations to derive the predicted SMILE x-ray images. Then, we used a self-supervised contrast feature extraction network to study the features of the images. Using this network, the random forest classifier can distinguish whether the subsolar point at the magnetopause has been detected. Finally, we designed the magnetopause filter to obtain the subsolar magnetopause images with observation positions outside the magnetosphere. As a result, the prediction accuracy of the classifier is up to 93%. And the F1 score is up to 95.5%. The stratified predictions allow an automatic screening of whether satellite magnetospheric images cover the subsolar magnetopause. These images, which have observation positions outside the magnetosphere, can be used to invert the three-dimensional magnetopause.
Alcubierre warp drive in Bohmian Quantum Gravity
Authors: Joseph Sijo K
Published: July 2023

In the realm of theoretical physics, the Alcubierre warp drive metric has long been a topic of fascination. However, the feasibility of this seemingly miraculous method of faster-than-light travel has been limited by the requirement of exotic matter, which has proven elusive to obtain. This research has revealed a potential breakthrough in the quest for exotic matter, through the coupling of the Alcubierre warp drive metric to a quantum mechanical scalar matter field. By mapping the requirement of exotic matter into a conformal wave equation, it becomes possible to express the problem as a fourth-order partial differential equation in terms of the quantum mechanical density. This research reveals that the key to solving the exotic matter problem lies in finding a proper quantum mechanical density that satisfies the proposed partial differential equation.
Optimal mass on the parabolic-elliptic-ODE minimal chemotaxis-haptotaxis in
R2
Authors: Li Siying , Wang Jinhuan
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we study the Cauchy problem to a chemotaxis-haptotaxis model describing cancer invasion in

R

2

. The main feature is to prove that 8π is the critical mass on initial data for distinguishing existence and blow-up of solutions to the model. Namely, when the initial mass is less than 8π, we prove global existence of solutions by constructing a proper free energy and using the Brezis-Merle type inequality. On the contrary, the finite time blow-up of solutions may occur if the initial mass is greater than 8π and the initial second moment is small enough. Comparing to the classical Keller-Segel model, we find that the haptotaxis has no effect on the critical mass of the model.
Consistency tests of field level inference with the EFT likelihood
Authors: Kostić Andrija , Nguyen Nhat-Minh , Schmidt Fabian , Reinecke Martin
Published: July 2023

Analyzing the clustering of galaxies at the field level in principle promises access to all the cosmological information available. Given this incentive, in this paper we investigate the performance of field-based forward modeling approach to galaxy clustering using the effective field theory (EFT) framework of large-scale structure (LSS). We do so by applying this formalism to a set of consistency and convergence tests on synthetic datasets. We explore the high-dimensional joint posterior of LSS initial conditions by combining Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling for the field of initial conditions, and slice sampling for cosmology and model parameters. We adopt the Lagrangian perturbation theory forward model from [1], up to second order, for the forward model of biased tracers. We specifically include model mis-specifications in our synthetic datasets within the EFT framework. We achieve this by generating synthetic data at a higher cutoff scale Λ0, which controls which Fourier modes enter the EFT likelihood evaluation, than the cutoff Λ used in the inference. In the presence of model mis-specifications, we find that the EFT framework still allows for robust, unbiased joint inference of a) cosmological parameters — specifically, the scaling amplitude of the initial conditions — b) the initial conditions themselves, and c) the bias and noise parameters. In addition, we show that in the purely linear case, where the posterior is analytically tractable, our samplers fully explore the posterior surface. We also demonstrate convergence in the cases of nonlinear forward models. Our findings serve as a confirmation of the EFT field-based forward model framework developed in [2-7], and as another step towards field-level cosmological analyses of real galaxy surveys.
IWDM: the fate of an interacting non-cold dark matter — vacuum scenario
Authors: Pan Supriya , Yang Weiqiang , Di Valentino Eleonora , Mota David F. , Silk Joseph
Published: July 2023

In most cosmological models, the equation of state of the dark matter is assumed to be zero, which means that the dark matter is pressure-less or cold. While this hypothesis is based on the abundance of cold dark matter in the universe, however, there is no compelling reason to assume that the equation of state of dark matter is exactly zero. A more general approach would be to allow for a range of values for the dark matter equation of state and use the observational data to determine which values are most likely. With the increasing accuracy of experimental data, we have chosen to explore the possibility of interacting non-cold dark matter - vacuum scenario, where the equation of state of the dark matter is constant but can take different values within a specific range. Using the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies and the CMB lensing reconstruction from the Planck legacy release, plus other non-CMB measurements, namely, the baryon acoustic oscillations distance measurements, and the Pantheon catalogue from Type Ia Supernovae, we have analyzed this scenario and found that a non-zero value for the dark matter equation of state is preferred with a confidence level of over 68%. While this is not significant by itself, however, it does suggest that investigating the possibility of non-cold dark matter in the universe is worth exploring further to gain a better understanding of the nature of dark matter.
High-efficiency Ho:YAG single-crystal fiber laser in-band pumped by a 1.9 μm laser diode
Authors: Wang Jianlei , Dong Jifei , Liu Jian , Wang Zhanxin , Xu Xiaodong , Xu Jun , Zhao Yongguang , Wang Chun
Published: July 2023

We report on a 10-watt-level, efficient 2 μm Ho:YAG (0.6 at.% Ho3+ doped Y3Al5O12) single crystal fiber (SCF) laser in-band pumped by a 1.9 μm laser diode. Benefiting from the high gain of the SCF and the unique propagation features of the pump and laser beams, a maximum output power of 10.77 W is achieved with T
OC = 20%, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 61.8%. The higher efficiency of 64.8% and the output power of 9.8 W are obtained with T
OC = 50%. Compared to the traditional bulk crystal, wave-guiding of the pump light in the SCF can extend the gain region and thus improve the laser efficiency, which provides a simple and effective method to improve the utilization rate of the pump light even for the low-brightness laser diodes.
Entanglement transmitted over 50 km
Authors: Boerkamp Martijn
Published: July 2023

A new experiment incorporates all the essential building blocks of a long-distance quantum network, as Martijn Boerkamp explains.
First electrical transistor made from a plank of wood
Authors: Dumé Isabelle
Published: July 2023

Researchers in Sweden have built a transistor out of a plank of wood by incorporating electrically conducting polymers throughout the material in a way that retains space for an ionically conductive electrolyte.
CERN physicists update their future collider plans
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: July 2023

The ninth Future Circular Collider (FCC) Conference focused on the latest developments on the FCC – a huge proposed particle collider that would succeed CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
Winners of 2023 Bell Burnell Graduate Scholarships unveiled
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: July 2023

10 UK physics PhD students have been announced as the 2023 awardees of the Bell Burnell Graduate Scholarship Fund.
Let’s stick with metric
Authors: Judge Steven
Published: July 2023

Steven Judge argues that it would be wrong for countries to revert to imperial measures.
Behind the exhibits
Authors: Robinson Andrew
Published: July 2023

Andrew Robinson reviews Curious Devices and Mighty Machines: Exploring Science Museums by Samuel J M M Alberti.
Uncovering hidden history
Authors: Gardner Kate
Published: July 2023

Kate Gardner reviews Queen of Codes: the Secret Life of Emily Anderson, Britain’s Greatest Female Codebreaker by Jackie Uí Chionna.
Sects, drugs, drunken duels
Authors: Gardner Kate
Published: July 2023

Kate Gardner reviews The Limits of Genius: the Surprising Stupidity of the World’s Greatest Minds, written by Katie Spalding.
Clinical impacts of frailty on 123,172 people with diabetes mellitus considering the age of onset and drugs of choice: a nationwide population-based 10-year trajectory analysis
Authors: Huang Shih-Tsung , Chen Liang-Kung , Hsiao Fei-Yuan
Published: July 2023

Aims

Frailty substantially increased the risk of adverse clinical outcomes, which was also critical in diabetes management. This study aimed to investigate the interrelationships between the age of onset, frailty, anti-diabetic medications and clinical outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods

A total of 123,172 people aged 40 years and older who were newly diagnosed with DM were identified and categorised into four frailty subgroups (robust, mild, moderate and severe) based on the multimorbidity frailty index (mFI). Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine associations between frailty and clinical outcomes at different ages of DM onsets (40–64, 65–74, 75–84 and 85+ years). Outcomes of interest included generic outcomes (mortality and unplanned hospitalisation) and DM-related outcomes (cardiovascular disease-related mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), diabetes-related hospitalisation and hypoglycaemia).

Results

The proportion of frailty increased with age at diagnosis amongst people with incident DM and the mFI scores increased significantly during the 10-year follow-up. Amongst people with diabetes, those with mild, moderate and severe frailty were associated with greater risks of all-cause mortality (mild: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.69 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.60–1.80], P < 0.01; moderate: aHR 2.46 [2.29–2.65], P < 0.01; severe frailty: aHR 3.40 [3.16–3.65], P < 0.01) compared with the robust group. Similar results were found in unplanned hospitalisations, cardiovascular disease-related mortality, MACEs and hypoglycaemia.

Conclusions

Our study quantified the prevalence of frailty, captured its dynamic changes and examined its impacts on various clinical outcomes amongst people with diabetes at different ages at onset. Frailty assessment and management should be implemented into routine diabetes care.
Aesthetic Breast Surgery: What Do the Measurements Reveal? A Practical Visual Application of the Results
Authors: Bolletta Elisa , McGoldrick Ciara , Hall-Findlay Elizabeth J
Published: July 2023

Background

The results of preoperative and 1-year postoperative measurements in aesthetic breast surgery were outlined in chart form in the Aesthetic Surgery Journal in 2020. Measurements were performed preoperatively and postoperatively, but the authors concentrated on 1-year follow-up because it was generally accepted as the minimum time to define a stable surgical result. Extensive statistical analysis was outlined in the previous paper.

Objectives

This paper translates those results into a visual form so that the surgeon can see the changes that occur in breast reduction, breast augmentation, mastopexy, mastopexy-augmentation, and implant removal with mastopexy.

Methods

There were 548 patients in the breast augmentation group, 388 patients in the breast reduction group, 244 patients for mastopexy-augmentation, and 90 patients for mastopexy. Only primary surgeries that had a full year follow-up comparing preoperative and postoperative measurements were reviewed. Measurements were performed by E.H.F. preoperatively and at each postoperative visit. The measurements that were included in this study were clavicle to upper breast border, upper breast border to nipple, suprasternal notch to nipple, suprasternal notch to inframammary fold, and midline to nipple.

Results

The preoperative and postoperative measurement changes in aesthetic breast surgery were consistent, with minimal variation for each of the aesthetic breast surgery procedures.

Conclusions

The visual interpretation of these results allows the surgeon to accurately plan preoperatively to achieve good, predictable results.