bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﻋﻧﺩ ﻁﻠﺑﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ
Authors: ﺷﺭﻭﻕ ﻛﺎﻅﻡ
Published: August 2023

ﺘﻬدف ﻫذﻩ اﻟد ارﺴﺔ اﻟﺘﻌرف اﻟﻰ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﺴﺘﺨدام اﻻﻨﺘرﻨت ﻟدى طﻠﺒـﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺒﻐـداد ٬

ﺒﻠـﻎ ﺤﺠـم اﻟﻌﻴﻨـﺔ (٣٠٠) طﺎﻟـب وطﺎﻟﺒـﺔ ٬ وﻗـد اﺴـﺘﻌﻠﻤت ﻓـﻲ ﻫـذﻩ اﻟد ارﺴـﺔ اﺴـﺘﺒﺎﻨﺔ اﻋـدﺘﻬﺎ

اﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜـﺔ ﻤﻛوﻨـﺔ ﻤـن (٢٧) ﻓﻘـرة. اﺸـﺎرت اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ اﻟـﻰ ان طﻠﺒـﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﻴﺴـﺘﺨدﻤون اﻻﻨﺘرﻨـت

ﻟﻼﻏـ ارض اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ ﺒﺎﻟدرﺠـﺔ اﻻوﻟـﻰ ﺜـم اﻻﻏـ ارض اﻟﻌﺎﻤـﺔ واﺨﻴـًار ﻟﻼﻏـ ارض اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ. وﻗـد

وﺠدت اﻟد ارﺴﺔ ان ﻫﻨﺎك ﻓروﻗﺎً اﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ داﻟﺔ ﺘﺤت ﻤﺴـﺘوى ٠,٠٥ ﺒـﻴن اﻟطﺎﻟﺒـﺎت واﻟطـﻼب

وﻛـذﻟك ﻓروﻗـﺎً ﺒـﻴن طﻠﺒـﺔ اﻟﻘﺴـم اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ واﻻﻨﺴـﺎﻨﻲ ٬ وﻗـد اوﺼـت اﻟد ارﺴـﺔ ﺒﻌـدة ﺘوﺼـﻴﺎت ﺒﻨـﺎ ًء

 

ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ اﻟﺒﺤث.

ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﺣﺙ

 

ان ﻤﻔﻬـوم اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤـﺎت ﻗـد ﻋرﻓـﻪ اﻻﻨﺴـﺎن ﻗـدﻴﻤﺎً وﻴﺘﻀـﺢ ذﻟـك ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ اﻟﻛﺘﺎﺒـﺎت

واﻟﻨﻘوش اﻟﻤوﺠودة ﻓﻲ اﻷاﻟواح اﻟطﻴﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻤوﺠودة ﻓﻲ ﺤﻀﺎرة وادي اﻟ ارﻓدﻴن وﻗد اﺴـﺘﺨدم ﻫـذا

اﻟﻤﻔﻬـوم ﺒﻛﺜـرة ﺤـدﻴﺜﺎً ﻨﺘﻴﺠـﺔ ﻟﺘﻌـدد اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤـﺎت وﻤـﺎ ارﻓﻘﻬـﺎ ﻤـن ﺘطـور ﻫﺎﺌـﻝ ﻟﻨﻘـﻝ اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤـﺎت

وﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬـﺎ. ان اﻟﺘـﺄﺜﻴر اﻟﻤﺘ ازﻴـد ﻟﻠﻌﻠـوم اﻟﺘﻛﻨوﻟوﺠﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺸـﻌوب ﺠﻌـﻝ ﻤـﺎ ﻛﺎﻨـت ﺘﻘـوم ﺒـﻪ

اﻟﻤﻛﺘﺒــﺎت ﻤــن ﺘﺠﻤﻴــﻊ وﺘﻨظــﻴم وﺤﻔــظ ﻟﻼﻨﺘــﺎج اﻟﻔﻛــري ﻻ ﻴﻔــﻲ ﺒــﺎﻟﻐرض ٬ وﻫﻛــذا ظﻬــرت

اﻟﺤﺎﺠـﺔ اﻟــﻲ ﺘﻘــدﻴم اﻟﺨــدﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤﺎﺘﻴــﺔ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻤﺴـﺘوى ﻴﻔــﻲ ﺒﺤﺎﺠــﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﺤــث اﻟــذي ﻴطﻠــب

اﻟﺨدﻤﺔ اﻟﺴرﻴﻌﺔ. ان ظﻬور اﻻﻨﺘرﻨت وﺴﻴﻠﺔً ﻟﻼﺘﺼـﺎﻝ ﻴﺘواﺼـﻝ ﻤـن ﺨﻼﻟﻬـﺎ اﻟﻤﻼﻴـﻴن ﺒﺼـورة

ﻤﺒﺎﺸــرة وﻏﻴــر ﻤﺒﺎﺸــرة اذ ﻴﺴــﺘطﻴﻊ اﻻﻓــ ارد ﻤــن اﻻﺘﺼــﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻤــﺎ ﺒﻴــﻨﻬم ﻋــن طرﻴــق اﻟﺘﺨﺎطــب

اﻟﻛﺘــﺎﺒﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺎدﺜــﺔ ٬( chat ) واﻟﺘﺨﺎطــب اﻟﺼــوﺘﻲ ﻋﺒــر اﻟﻬــﺎﺘف ﺒﺎﻻﻨﺘرﻨــت ٬ ﻛﻤــﺎ ﻴﻤﻛــﻨﻬم

اﻻﺘﺼـﺎﻝ ﻏﻴـر اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸـرﻋﺒر اﻟﺒرﻴـد اﻻﻟﻛﺘروﻨـﻲ ( E-mail ) ﻓﻀـﻼً ﻋـن اﻟﻤﻨـﺎﻓﻊ اﻟﻛﺜﻴـرة اﻟﺘـﻲ

ﻴﻘدﻤﻬﺎ ﻟﻠطﻠﺒﺔ ٬ ﻓﻤـن ﺨﻼﻟـﻪ ﻴﻤﻛـن ﻟﻠطﺎﻟـب اﻟـدﺨوﻝ اﻟـﻲ اﻟﻤﻛﺘﺒـﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﺒـﺔ واﻻطـﻼع ﻋﻠـﻰ

اﻟﻨﺘـﺎج اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ ﻟﻠﺒـﺎﺤﺜﻴن ٬ ﻓﺎﻷﻨﺘرﻨـت ﻤﺴـﺘودع ﻴﺤﺘـوي اﻟﻛﺜﻴـر ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻛﺘـب واﻷﺒﺤـﺎث اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ

واﻟﻤﺤﺎﻀــ ارت اﻟﻤرﺌﻴــﺔ واﻟﺴــﻤﻌﻴﺔ (ﻋﺒــد اﻟﻔﺘــﺎح (١٩٩٨ ٬ ﻤﻤــﺎ ﻴﺘــﻴﺢ ﻟﻠطﺎﻟــب اﺴــﺘﺨدام واﺴــﻊ

 

ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠوﻤﺎت.
Contribution to the fauna of the rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of Ukraine
Authors: Gontarenko A. V.
Published: August 2023

New records of seven species of the rove beetles from Ukraine are provided, of which Pseudomedon huentheri (Hubental, 1927) is reported for the first time for Ukraine.
New records of Lepidoptera (Insecta) of Severodonetsk (Luhansk Region, Ukraine) and its environs. Contribution 2
Authors: Demyanenko S. О. , Karolinskiy E. A.
Published: August 2023

An annotated list of new records of butterflies and moths of Severodonetsk is provided. The list includes 26 species registered in Severodonetsk for the first time, 18 of which are new records for Luhansk Region. Totally, there are 1,267 species of Lepidoptera registered in Severodonetsk
New records of Lepidoptera (Insecta) of Nakhodkin Yar gulch (Luhansk Region, Ukraine)
Authors: Demyanenko S. О.
Published: August 2023

A list of new records of the butterflies and moths in Nakhodkin Yar gulch is provided. The list includes 211 species registered in Nakhodkin Yar gulch for the first time, of which two species (Ypsolopha trichonella (Mann, 1861) and Heliothela wulfeniana (Scopoli, 1763)) are firstly recorded for Luhansk Region. Totally, there are 364 species of Lepidoptera registered in Nakhodkin Yar gulch
ROLE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE EVALUATION OF ORBITAL PATHOLOGIES
Authors: Gaikwad Hiralal , Vare Ajay , RoteKaginalkar Varsha
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Pathologies that arise from orbital structures are common indications for the radiological evaluation of the orbit. Clinical symptoms are useful pointers to the likely pathology. CT is the rst-line imaging modality for radiological evaluation of the orbit in the acute setting. CT plays a central role in the diagnosis and management of orbital fractures. CT orbit is an excellent imaging tool for assessing patients with orbital trauma, malignancies, suspected congenital malformations, and in a variety of clinical settings. A total of 70 patients presenting Materials and Methods: with orbital complaints who underwent CT scans for orbital pathologies were included in this study and evaluated with a Siemens 128-slice CT machine in our institute with the permission of the institutional ethical committee and the consent of the patient. A male preponderance Results: was reported in our study, correlating well with studies by other investigators. The most affected age group was 31- 40 years, with a frequency of 15 (21.43%). The maximum number of cases were traumatic, 29 (41.43%), followed by 20(28.57%) infective/inammatory cases and 12 (17.14%) neoplastic cases, which were predominantly unilateral. Congenital and developmental conditions accounted for 4 (5.71%) cases. Vascular cases were 3 (4.29%), and miscellaneous cases were 2(2.86%). Out of these, 52 (74.29%) patients had unilateral involvement while 18 (25.71%) patients had bilateral involvement. In this study, CT showed a diagnostic accuracy of 86.21 % in orbital trauma, 85 % in orbital infective/inammatory lesions and 83.33 % in orbital neoplastic lesions. CT is Conclusion: the rst investigation of choice for orbital pathologies in emergency settings. It is a rapid, noninvasive and reliable diagnostic tool for the evaluation of orbital pathologies. CT is excellent at identifying and characterization of orbital lesions in traumatic, inammatory, congenital and neoplastic pathologies of the orbit, which helps the clinician to make a rapid decision regarding further management, prognosis & follow-up.
A PROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ALVARADO SCORE AND ULTRASOUND IMAGING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS
Authors: Singh Taranpreet , K. Kajla R. , Prasad Mahavir , Kumar Uttam , Parmar Ashok
Published: August 2023

Background: Acute appendicitis is the acute inammation of appendix which is the most common cause of acute surgical emergencies.
Appendicitis can mimic other pathologies.Aims and Objective:To correlate Alvarado score with USG imaging in diagnosis of Acute appendicitis
and study the usefulness of incorporating USG imaging in patients with low/equivocal Alvarado Score in improving the diagnostic accuracy in
acute appendicitis. Material and methods: This was prospective comparative study carried out in 100 patients over the period of 01 year. Patients
with clinical features of acute appendicitis and tting in inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. Detailed history was noted and clinical
examination was done. Necessary investigations were done, modied Alvarado score was calculated and all were subjected to ultrasonography of
abdomen and pelvis. Intra operative ndings were noted about nature of appendix and histopathology ndings were noted. Results: Out of all the
patients who underwent appendicectomies, 63 (63%) were histologically positive for acute appendicitis, 16 (16%) were positive for chronic
appendicitis and 21 (21 %) were histologically negative. Ultra-sonography had sensitivity of 92.41%, specicity of 4.76%, positive predictive
value of 78.50%, negative predictive value of 14.29%. Diagnostic accuracy of 74%.USG report of 88 (88%) patients showed Acute Appendicitis, 5
(5%) showed appendicular perforation and the USG report of 7 (7%) patients werenormal. Conclusion: On correlation of Alvarado score and USG
imaging with gold standard histopathological examination, we observed that Modied Alvarado Score is not superior to USG and both
investigations together improve the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.
OUTCOME ANALYSIS OF SURGICAL TREATED TENDO ACHILLES INJURY BY VARIOUS METHODS- A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: R Venkat , K Vidhyasagar , D L Venkatesh , Madhu Sudhana Asadi
Published: August 2023

Background The injury of the Achilles tendon is a disabling condition, which is difcult to treat if there is a gap or defect between the two ends of
the disrupted tendon. Patients with a rupture of the Achilles tendon should be operated on without delay. The aim of the study was to evaluate the
functional outcome of various methods of repair done for Tendo Achilles injuries. This Materials And Methods is a comparative study with
longitudinal follow-up of Twenty-four patients who were treated for Tendo Achilles injuries and included in this study during this period. The
clinical outcome was assessed using AOFAS and Leppilahti scoring system. The mean follow-up was 21 months. Based on the AOFAS Results
Scoring study 14 patients presented with acute open Tendo Achilles injury treated with Kessler and Krackow suturing of which 9(64.2%) patients
showed excellent results, 4(28.5%) of good results, and 1(4.1%) fair results. Based on the scoring system used by Leppilahti for 10 patients with
chronic Tendo Achilles treated by the Bosworth technique shows 70% of excellent results, 20% of good results, and 10% of fair results. Conclusion
The Krackow technique showed good ankle function restoration and was associated with low complication rates. Reconstruction of chronic
Achilles tendon ruptures with the Bosworth technique is associated with good clinical and functional outcomes
HUGE, 20 YEARS LONG-STANDING MUCOCELE
Authors: G Patil Satishkumar , Joshi Udupikrishna , Deshpande Gururaj , Devi Barnali , Mangalgi Anand , Hashmi Aaquib
Published: August 2023

Mucocele, which is widely recognized as one of the most prevalent non-malignant masses found in the oral cavity, is considered to be the most
common afiction affecting the accessory salivary glands. Although mucoceles typically do not cause pain, they can impede patients' ability to
speak and chew, thereby causing discomfort. If left untreated, mucoceles may give rise to complications. Numerous techniques have been
documented for the treatment of mucocele; however, a majority of them necessitate expensive equipment and instruments. Excising a substantial
and long-standing mucocele without causing harm to nearby vital structures, and without removing the sublingual gland, represents an efcacious
conventional surgical approach, leading to reduced patient morbidity and mortality.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFECTS OF INTRAVITREAL TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE INJECTIONS OF DIFFERENT DOSES IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA
Authors: Yadav Gourish , Telang Omkar , Morepatil Vrunda , Sayed Sania
Published: August 2023

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a signicant cause of visual impairment in individuals with diabetes. This prospective, randomized,
comparative study aimed to assess the visual outcomes and complications associated with different doses (1mg, 2mg, and 4mg) of Intravitreal
Triamcinolone Acetonide (IVTA) injection in patients with DME. A total of 75 patients were enrolled, and following clinical diagnosis, they were
randomly assigned to receive one of the three IVTA doses. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), cataract progression, and macular edema
reduction were evaluated at various time points post-injection. The study found that visual acuity improvement was comparable between the 1mg
and 2mg groups, showing 52% and 56% improvement, respectively. The 4mg group exhibited a slightly lower improvement rate of 40%.
Fluorescein angiogram (FFA) results indicated that 68% of patients in the 2mg group showed improvement, while it was 60% in the 1mg group and
64% in the 4mg group. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed a mean reduction in macular thickness of 59.28 micrometers in the 1mg
group, 97.08 micrometers in the 2mg group, and 91.68 micrometers in the 4mg group. However, the study also observed signicant complications
associated with the higher 4mg dose. Patients in the 4mg group experienced a more pronounced rise in IOP, which peaked at the end of the rst
month post IVTA. Fortunately, IOP levels returned to normal by the end of three months with the help of topical antiglaucoma medications.
Additionally, cataract progression was more prominent in the 4mg group compared to the 1mg and 2mg groups. In conclusion, this study suggests
that administering a 4mg dose of IVTA does not yield signicantly better outcomes than a 2mg dose in terms of DME improvement. On the
contrary, the higher dose is associated with a higher risk of complications, including elevated IOP and accelerated cataract formation in phakic
patients. Thus, a careful consideration of the dose is crucial when using IVTA to treat diabetic macular edema.
COMPARING THE DEVELOPMENT OF POSTERIOR CAPSULAR OPACIFICATION FOLLOWING CATARACT SURGERY USING HYDROPHILIC AND HYDROPHOBIC ACRYLIC POSTERIOR CHAMBER INTRAOCULAR LENSES.
Authors: Sayed Sania , Telang Omkar , Morepatil Vrunda , Yadav Gourish
Published: August 2023

Posterior capsule opacication (PCO) is a common complication following cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL)
implantation. This study aims to compare the development of PCO between hydrophilic and hydrophobic acrylic PCIOLs.Methods: An
observational study was conducted over 12 months, involving patients with age-related cataract who underwent cataract surgery at KJ SOMAIYA
Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups based on the type of PCIOL used: hydrophilic (Group I) and hydrophobic (Group II). PCO
analysis was performed at one, three, and six months using retroilluminated images captured with slit lamp-guided anterior segment
photography.Results: Among the 160 eyes included in the study, PCO grade 2 was the most common in both groups (56.25% in Group I and 66.25%
in Group II). PCO grade 3 was observed in 35% of eyes in Group I and 17.5% of eyes in Group II, indicating a 2.7-fold higher incidence in Group I.
PCO grade 3 was more prevalent in younger patients, individuals with diabetes, and patients with immature cataracts.Conclusion: The incidence of
PCO is higher with hydrophilic IOLs compared to hydrophobic IOLs. However, this increased incidence is also associated with younger patient
age, diabetes mellitus, and immature cataract grade, which are known risk factors for PCO.
STUDY OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS AND THEIR ANTIBIOGRAM IN PULMONARY SAMPLES AT A RESPIRATORY CARE CENTRE IN HYDERABAD, INDIA
Authors: Vilangunuo Solo Ethel , Alekhya P. , Sunitha P. , Sudha Rani V
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Lower respiratory tract infections are among the most common infectious diseases of humans worldwide and also a great challenge
to the clinicians due to the increasing antimicrobial resistance. Aim: To identify the pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern from
pulmonary samples of patients suspected to have LRTI. Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from August 2022 to
January 2023 at a respiratory care centre. A total of 1977 samples were included. These samples were inoculated on Blood Agar and MacConkey
agar. Identication of bacterial isolates was done by colony characteristics and biochemical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity was done by Kirby Bauer
disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar using the appropriate antibiotic discs.Results: Out of 1977 samples, 68 were found to be culture
positive out of which 48(70%) were from sputum sample, 8(11.7%) from bronchial wash, 11(16%) from pleural uid and 1 (1.4%) from ETT
secretion. Male patients 51(75%) were more than female patients 17(25%). In-patients 66(97%) more than outpatients 2(2.9%). Out of 66
inpatients, 60 (88.2%) were ward patients and 8(11.7%) were ICU patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 32(47%) was the most common organism
isolated followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 23(33.8%), Acinetobacter 8(11.7%), and Staphylococcus aureus 5(7.3%). Out of the 5
Staphylococcus aureus, 1 was found to be Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 2 Conclusion: Bacterial isolates showed resistance to
common antibiotics. Therefore, proper diagnosis and identication of the pathogenic microorganisms by culture and sensitivity test is vital for
appropriate management of LRTIs.
EFFECTS OF SERUM ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE & ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS ABNORMALITIES IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE EXACERBATION OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IN A TERTIARY HEALTH CARE CENTER – A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Rao K.M Rajendra , Thakkar Dharitri , N. Mohan Rao K. , Kumar S Vishnu
Published: August 2023

Aim & Background: Acute exacerbations are a frequent complication of COPD, which contribute signicantly to morbidity & mortality. Present
study is aimed at assessing the effect of electrolyte & ABG derangements on the outcome of AECOPD. Materials & Methods: 70 patients who
presented to a tertiary care center with AECOPD fullling inclusion & exclusion criteria were included in the study. Demographic data, basic
investigations, serum electrolytes & ABG were obtained & recorded. Results: Out of 70 patients, Hyponatremia was observed in 46(65.71%)
patients. Acidosis & hypercapnia was observed in 35(50%) & 62(88.57%) patients respectively. While comparing the correlation between various
parameters in patients who survived(n=63) & died(n=7), mean pH & pCO2 values were found to be statistically signicant. Conclusion:
Abnormalities in serum sodium levels, pCO2 & pH value are signicantly correlated with mortality & requirement of assisted ventilation in
patients with AECOPD.
EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO ASSISTED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING SELECTED ASPECTS OF DAWNS RULE OF TEN AMONG PRIMIGRAVIDA MOTHERS IN SELECTED HOSPITALS: A STUDY PROTOCOL
Authors: Rathod Meenakshi , Soni Anita , Makasare Nutan
Published: August 2023

Background: According to world health statistics report the ANC coverage in India in 2013-2018, pregnant mothers' visits to antenatal OPD was at least once by 79%, four times by 51%. The emerging of novel concepts is now changing in the organization and management of MCH care. Dawns rule of ten being a self-learning, easy technique and self-care involvement will help to bring revolutionary changes in maternal and child care practices. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding selected aspects of Dawns rule of ten among primigravida mothers in selected hospitals. Materials and Method: A Pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design will be used. By non-probability convenience sampling technique, 60 primigravida mothers will be selected from hospitals of Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. The tool will consist self-structured knowledge questionnaire based on selected aspects of Dawns rule of ten. After pre-test and administration of video teaching programme regarding selected aspects of Dawns rule of ten, post-test will be conducted on 7th day. Validity and reliability of questionnaire will be assessed with appropriate procedure and statistical method. The collected data will be analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Expected outcomes: After administration of video assisted teaching programme, near about 45% improvement in knowledge score of primigravida mothers regarding selected aspects of Dawns rule of ten will be observed. Limitation: 1st and 2nd trimester primigravida mothers will be included in this study and in selected hospitals of Nagpur only. Conclusion: Video assisted teaching programme may be effective in improving primigravida mothers' knowledge regarding Dawns rule of ten for maternal and child care. Well designed educational module is necessary for antenatal mothers for positive birth outcome.
ASSESS PARENT'S LEVEL OF HESITANCY TOWARDS COVID-19 VACCINATION AMONG GENERAL POPULATION OF DEHRADUN, UTTARAKHAND.
Authors: Upadhyay Ekta
Published: August 2023

Background -To achieve high and equitable vaccine uptake, the use of existing scientic knowledge is essential, as is acquisition of new information, and learning in real time about what works and what does not. Objectives- To assess the level of vaccine hesitancy among parents of under 2-18 age group regarding COVID-19 vaccine as measured by Vaccine Hesitancy Scale of selected area of Dehradun. Material and Methods- Descriptive study was used in the study. The was conducted at Tyagi road rest camp, Dehradun , Uttarakhand. cluster sampling technique was used to collect data from 160 population both male and female with age group of 18 to 25 and above and were in one group. Data collection was accomplished by using 5 point Likert scale and Modied Vaccine Hesitancy scale. Result- The nding shows that the test p value was signicant < 0.001. Conclusion -This study conclude that the progressive will be future; the study was l level of vaccine hesitancy in parents of under 2-18 age group regarding COVID-19 vaccine.
AWARENESS ON EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS AND MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY AMENDMENT ACT, 2021 AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: D. Amin Chikitsa , H. Patel Nidhi , D. Bhitora Rujal , V. Gosalia Vibha
Published: August 2023

Introduction:In present era, declining age at puberty and increasing age of marriage have created a gap in which young people may engage in premarital sexual relations. Limited knowledge about reproductive health services among adolescents may attribute to increased risk of unwanted
pregnancies and unsafe abortion. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge on Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECP) and Medical
Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Amendment Act, 2021 among medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 369
medical students of I, II, III-year from a government medical college. Using stratied random sampling, 123 students were selected from each year,
of which 82 were boys and 41 were girls. Data was collected with preformed, pretested, semi-structured questionnaire using google form. Results:
Out of 378 students, most-common source of information regarding ECP was medical college (91%). Almost three-fourths (72%) knew correct
timing of ECP usage and 52% didn't know that ECP is Over-the-counter drug. Only 23% of students were aware of fact that ECP can't terminate
pregnancy. Almost two-third (66%) didn't know that spouse's consent is not required for MTP. Almost 73% were aware that upper limit for MTPhas
been raised from 20 weeks to 24 weeks for special categories. However only 17% students knew that there is no gestational age limit in congenital
anomalies cases. Conclusions: Medical students have a lack of correct knowledge about ECPand MTPAmendment Act, 2021.
Studies on the seasonal changes in the population of Acanthomyia tornentosicollis Stat (Hemiptera: Coreidae) on Cajanus cajan (Linnaeus) Druce (pigeon pea) in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: EGWUATU R.I. , TAYLOR A.T.
Published: August 2023

Wide seasonal fluctuations were observed in the field populations of Acanthomia tomentosicollis Stal on Cajanus cajan (Linnaeus) Druce. The insect was observed all the year round and did not diapause. About 9 generations a year were estimated on C. cajan and a sex ratio of 1.23: 1.00 in favour of males was recorded for the species. The main population peaks were clearly associated with the flowering and podding cycles of the host plant with the cessation of fresh pod production and high levels of field parasitisation being responsible for the usually marked population decline in or about March
Aspects of the biology of Bathycoelia thalassina (H-S): reproduction and growth of immature stages
Authors: NWANA I.E.
Published: August 2023

Copulation in Bathycoelia thalassina lasted 3-6 hours. Mated females laid on average of 92 eggs (range 34 – 181 eggs) during a mean oviposition period 0(26 days (range 11-35 days). Eggs were laid in batches of 5 – 21 (Mean 11). Oviposition took place mainly during the night between 18.00 hours and 06.00 hours. Incubation period for eggs of B. thalassina varied between 3 and 6 days (mean 4.7 days) under insectary conditions of 25 – 35°C and 70 – 85% rh. Between 73 and 100% of all eggs in a batch hatched, moulting was successful in over 90% of 1st instar nymphs but mortality exceeded 57% among 2nd instar nymphs. Morphometric studies were carried out using freshly killed specimens from insectary cultures. The early nymphal instars (Ist – 3rd) had higher growth ratios than the later nymphal instars (4th and 5th). An overall growth ratio of 1.24 was obtained.
A review of the problems of tree protection in Nigeria with special reference to insect pests
Authors: ASHIRU M. O.
Published: August 2023

The status of forest insect pests in Nigeria is discussed from the inception of the former Federal Department of Forest Research (now Forest Research Institute of Nigeria. lbadan) to the present time. The major insect pests of the economic tree species in Nigeria are discussed and successful attempts at controlling some of them are highlited. The major factors, such as shortage of personnel and inability to make maximum use of the resources available, militating against pest control are discussed with a note on the prospects for future campaigns against forest insect pests.
The relationship between weed types and the occurrence of Catantops spissusspissus Walk. (Orthoptera:Acrididae) in oil palm plantations
Authors: APPIAH F.O. , NWANNA I.E. , AGWU S.I.
Published: August 2023

A Field survey of the possible host plants of Catantops spissus spissus was made at the Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR), Benin City. Out of 53 weed species recorded from field 13 and 14, only Eupatorium odoratum Linn. showed any significant relationship (r = 0.3271 at 5%) with the occurrence of the insect. There was a negative correlation between weed diversity and insect population. The coefficients of variation in types and density of weed species were very large being 244.80% for field 13 and 224.63% for field 14, and indicate a wide range in the population of weeds from plot to plot. However, the population of the insect was higher in field 13 with a vegetation height of between 66.8 and 80.0 cm than in field 14 where the vegetation was between 15.4 and 38.0 cm high
The effect of piperonyl butoxideand saffrole on the insecticidal potency of precocenes 1 and 2 in the rice-brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal)(Homoptera~ Delphacidae)
Authors: OLUFADE A.O.
Published: August 2023

The effect of two methylenedioxyphenyl compounds (synergists), piperonyl but oxide (PB) and safrole, on the insecticidal potency of anti-juvenile hormones, precocenes 1 and 2 in the rice brown planthopper, Nifaparvata lugens (Stal) was studied in the laboratory. HP and safrole synergised the toxicity of precocenes 1 and 2 in female adults of N. lugens probably by inhibiting the enzymatic hydration of precocenes. The inhibition of enzymatic hydration of precocenes by BP and safrole in N. lugens, which possibly resulted in the synergistic action of the latter on the former compounds, if it can be linked to organ specificity, offers an attractive approach to insect control.
The effectiveness of four Insecticides applied at planting for the control of termites on maize in the northern Guinea savanna
Authors: OHIAGU C.E.
Published: August 2023

The effectiveness of four insecticides: aldrin 2 1/2 %odust, pirimiphos ethyl (30% W.P), chlorpyriphos (10%g) and carbofuran 3g applied at planting to control termites on maize was evaluated in field trials at Samaru between 1980 and 1982. Aldrin treated-plots had lower termite population, reduced percentage plant lodging and termite attack on wooden baits than the other treatments. Carbofuran was effective against the termites for about eight weeks post treatment but also gave a good control of the stem borers. Aldrin and carbofuran-treated plots significantly out-yielded all other treatments. Although carbofuran appears to be a good alternative to aldrin because of the deleterious effect of the latter insecticide, the time and number of applications of carbofuran for effective control of termites on maize need to be further investigated.
The insect pest complex of the edible roselle, Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa L. and the damage they cause in southwestern Nigeria
Authors: DARAMOLA A.M.
Published: August 2023

A four-year survey of the insect pest complex of the edible roselle, Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa, and the damage they cause in some parts of southwestern Nigeria showed that the vegetable has many potentially destructive pests. The major seedling and foliage pests are Podagrica sjostedti, Podagrica uniforma, Lagria villosa, Chrysolagria cuprina, Chrysolagria nairobana and Syagrus calcaratus. The major pests of the edible calyces and seeds are Baris sp, Apion sp and Earias spp. whose larvae feed inside and destroy the calyces and the developing seeds. Others are Oxycarenus gossypinus and Oxycarenus hyalinipennis which feed mainly on the seeds. The percentage damage by Baris and Apion to fruit s ranged from 10 to 210,10in fruits harvested in mid-December and from 48 to 84% ill late harvests in mid-January. the percentage germination of insect-infested and uninfested seeds were 10 and 83% respectively. The foliage pests were effectively controlled with two sprays of carbaryl at the rates of 0.5 and 1.0kg a.i./ha applied at intervals of two weeks. Fruit yield and seed viability were significantly higher in treated plots than in the control.
Preliminary analysis of a field population of Aspidiotus destructor Signoret (Homoptera: Diaspididae and some soft-scales on coconut palms
Authors: AlSAGBONHI C.I. , NWANA LE. , AGWU. S.I.
Published: August 2023

The insects which attack and damage coconut palms in NIFOR, Benin were studied from April 1979 to July 1980. Aspidiotus destructor Signoret was found to be the most abundant scale insect pest of the coconut palm in this study. Others included Pseudaspidoproctus vayssieriellus Ghesquirei and Icerya pattersoni Newst (Margarodidae), Saissetia lutea Newst and Ceroplastes sp. (Coccidae). All the scales encountered were more abundant during the dry season than during the rainy season. Rainfall and relative humidity were negatively correlated with scale population. Peak populations of the various stages of A. destructor were observed during the month of May and November. All the stages of these scale insects were always present on except in the month of July when only traces of old infestations were found. The mean number of eggs per fully laid female similarly varied with the dry and rainy season periods.
Dispersal of the alate forrns of Cerataphis variabilis H.R.L. (Homoptera: Pemphigidae) in a raphia plantation
Authors: ENOBAKHARE D.A. , OSISANYA E.O.
Published: August 2023

The abundance and dispersal of alate Cerataphis variabilis was’ studied at the Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research using sixteen sticky traps each measuring 0.9mx0.9m in Raphia plantation. Each trap, a flat vertical square wooden board, was covered with sulphite-yellow cardboard paper measuring 0.521mx0.635m. These traps were smeared with semi-solid transparent grease and were laid out at specific locations in a Raphia field. Counts of trapped aphids were made daily. There was a positive correlation between the number of adult alatea and the total aphid population (r=0.68, p<0.001). The numbers of ‘singed aphids trapped outside the experimental field were-closely related to those trapped at the edge of the field (r = 0.92, P<0.001) and at 19.6m from the periphery (r = 0.93, P 0.001). On a fine day, large numbers of alatae took off from the Raphia palms. The relative abundance and aerial movement of alate C. variabilis in the Raphia field are discussed.
Effect of attack by the flea beetle, Padagrica sp., on seed yield of two okra cultivars at Zaria
Authors: ANENE C.
Published: August 2023

Similar populations of the flea beetle, Podagrica sp., were observed on two different okra) cultivars. Podagrica attack reduced both the number of pods and the weight of seeds produced by each cultivar. However, the Jokoso cultivar exhibited greater tolerance to beetle attack than the White Velvet cultivar. Comparing beetle-infested with beetle-free treatments, the seed yield of White Velvet was more drastically reduced (45.6%) by the insect than that of the lokoso cultivar (26.7%).
Investigation on the structure of the ovary of Oedaleus senegalensis Krauss (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Authors: ANENE C.
Published: August 2023

Possible differences in the ovaries of the green and brown forms of Oedaleus senegalensis were investigated. There were no significant differences between the morphs, although differences were observed between the ovaries of the dry and wet season populations. When the ovaries of the individual grasshoppers of the dry season populations were considered, it was observed that the number of ovarioles in one ovary did not always correspond with the number of ovarioles in the other. Ovarioles of individual grasshoppers of the same populations were not also of the same size. Some were larger than others
Microbial insecticides in Nigeria: State of the art
Authors: MATANMI B.A.
Published: August 2023

The term “microbial insecticides” is defined here in the broad sense to include microbial metabolites or entomopoisons produced by micro-organisms. Examples include Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin which is very active against many lepidopterous and dipterous larvae, beauvericin, a toxic metabolite of the fungus, Beauveria bassiana, and other entomopathogens which might not produce any toxic metabolite at all but arc mass-produced, formulated, and ‘ applied as conventional insecticides. As of now, microbial insecticides are not in operational use in Nigeria. However, there is a basis for the detection, isolation, and subsequent development of naturally occur in entomopathogens. Different commercial products have also been tested if only on a small scale in the laboratory or field. This paper reviews the beginnings of insect pathology/microbial control in Nigeria. It also discusses the, advantages, prospects and problems of microbial insecticides as a component of integrated pest management in agriculture and public health in this part of the world.
Synergizing Generative AI and Cybersecurity: Roles of Generative AI Entities, Companies, Agencies, and Government in Enhancing Cybersecurity
Authors: Dhoni Pan , Kumar Ravinder
Published: August 2023

The digital landscape of the modern world has witnessed a remarkable evolution over the past few decades, with technological advancements permeating every facet of our lives. While these innovations have brought forth unprecedented convenience and connectivity, they have also exposed society to new vulnerabilities. Cybercrimes have surged in both frequency and sophistication, punctuating the digital era with high-profile incidents that have shaken industries and nations. Recent history serves as a stark reminder of the potential havoc that cybercriminals can unleash upon critical infrastructure, as exemplified by the notorious Colonial Pipeline breach, where a malevolent actor manipulated digital systems to demand ransom in the form of cryptocurrency.

Traditionally, cybercriminal endeavors necessitated a specialized skill set and an in-depth understanding of intricate technological nuances. However, the landscape has transformed dramatically with the emergence of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI). Previously the domain of highly specialized engineers, the tools required to orchestrate cybercrimes have become increasingly accessible due to the proliferation of advanced AI models such as ChatGPT and other modern Large Language Models (LLMs). These AI-driven capabilities have lowered the entry barrier for potential wrongdoers, enabling individuals with even basic technical aptitude to partake in cybercriminal activities.

A cursory glance at contemporary news headlines underscores the growing ubiquity of cybercrimes. A relentless surge in cyberattacks serves as an alarming indication of the escalating threat posed by malicious actors in the digital realm. As each year unfolds, instances of cybercrime proliferate, impacting individuals, corporations, and governments alike. This trend signals a pressing need to comprehend the intersection between Generative AI and cybersecurity – a convergence that holds the potential to reshape the dynamics of digital malfeasance and defense.

This research paper embarks on a journey to explore the intricate relationship between Generative AI and cybersecurity. Delving into the realm of AI-driven creativity and manipulation, we examine how the advent of Generative AI technologies has facilitated a paradigm shift in the landscape of cyber threats. As we navigate through this exploration, we unravel the challenges and opportunities that arise from this dynamic interplay. By delving into case studies, examining emerging trends, and scrutinizing potential countermeasures, this paper aims to shed light on the novel dimensions of cybersecurity in the era of Generative AI. Through a comprehensive analysis, we aim to equip readers with an informed understanding of the evolving cybersecurity landscape and the critical role that Generative AI plays therein.
De zorg is van de patiënten en de zorgprofessionals!
Authors: van Montfort Guus
Published: August 2023

De zorg is het domein van de patiënten en de zorgprofessionals! De dynamiek in de zorg – zoals, innovatie, kwaliteitsontwikkeling en efficiency – ontstaat dan ook in de relatie tussen patiënt en zorgprofessional. Deze dynamiek wordt in zeer grote mate ondersteund en mede gestuurd door de technologische en wetenschappelijke ontwikkelingen, die zorgprofessionals aanbieden aan hun patiënten. En natuurlijk door grote veranderingen bij patiënten zelf, in demografische en epidemiologische zin, maar ook in termen van onder meer opleidingsniveau, inkomenspositie, mondigheid, steeds grotere behoefte aan eigen regie. Dit alles heeft grote consequenties voor de context, waarbinnen de relatie tussen patiënt en zorgprofessional zich ontwikkelt c.q. kan ontwikkelen. Dit alles vormt de kern van de zorg. Daarnaast zien we – in de gehele economie – dat de consument in steeds meer productieprocessen (soms grotendeels) de rol van producent op zich neemt, het zogenoemde prosumentenmodel. Deze ontwikkeling zien we ook in de zorg. Guus van Montfort geeft hiervan veel concrete voorbeelden in dit boek. De rol en betekenis van de (landelijke en lokale) overheid, zorgverzekeraars, zorgkantoren en bestuurders van zorginstellingen, zijn dienend aan de zorg, namelijk faciliterend, ondersteunend, randvoorwaardenstellend. Het beleid van de overheid en zorgverzekeraars moet aansluiten op de dynamiek op de werkvloer. Als dat niet gebeurt, krijgt men een zeer sterke toename van de administratieve lastendruk. Deze dynamiek heeft in grote mate een autonoom karakter ten opzichte van dat beleid. Het beleid – denk bijvoorbeeld aan de bekostiging – past zich dan in de praktijk hierop aan. Zo heeft de prestatiebekostiging in grote mate een budgetachtig karakter, en een positieve impact gehad op innovatie, kwaliteitsontwikkeling en samenwerking. Het in dit boek voorgestelde Tienpuntenplan voor de bekostiging sluit goed aan bij deze dynamiek en tevens bij het beheersingsbeleid van de overheid en de zorgverzekeraars.
Effect of different doses of fungicide Bentazole Combl 50% SL on the growth of fungus Nurses Rhizactonia solani and Fusarium solani isolated from cucumber plant
Authors: A. Zahra Jabbar Allobawi Salwan , Kitab Abid Zaid Alshafiee Adeeb , Mohammed Ashour Qasem , Hadi Rahim Suha
Published: August 2023

The study aimed to test the effect of repeated treatment with a different dose of the fungicide Bentazole Combl 50% SL on the appearance of pesticides resistance in pathogenic  fungi Rhizactonia solani and Fusarium solani. Pthogenicity tests showed that both Rhizactonia solani and Fusarium solani are pathogenic on radish seeds with infection rates of 100 and 90%, respectively. In case of R.solani, Bentazole Combl 50% SL affected the fungal radial growth, where the lowest radial growth in the treatment of double dose of Bentazole Combl 50% SL compared to the control (6.72 and 0.00) cm respectively, for the first transfer. While,   the lowest radial growth appeared in the treatment of the full dose Bentazole Combl 50% SL compared to the control treatment reaching 1.03 cm and 8.15 cm, respectively, for the second transfer.
Correlation between Absolute Eosinophil Counts (AEC) and Nasal Symptoms Using NOSE Scale in Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Basar Md. Abul
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Allergic Rhinitis is a symptomatic disorder of the nose induced after allergen exposure due to an IgE-mediated inflammation of membranes lining the nose. It is clinically defined as a symptomatic condition with four major symptoms as anterior or posterior rhinorrhoea, sneezing, nasal itching & nasal congestion. Objective: To study the association of absolute eosinophil count (AEC) and nasal symptoms using Nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) scale in allergic rhinitis. Methods: The study was conducted in a General Hospital, Rangamati, Bangladesh over a period of January to June 2021. Patients having symptoms of allergic rhinitis like sneezing, nasal pruritis, rhinorrhoea, nasal congestion, eye watering and itching, pharyngeal itching were included as a part of the study. A detailed clinical examination was performed, NOSE scale form was given to the patient and scoring was done according to the marks on each question, and AEC values were assessed. Results: Total 125 patients were studied. Groups were made according to AEC value and NOSE score. As per our study patients with higher AEC value have higher NOSE score. Conclusion: NOSE score evaluation is simple, economical, and non-invasive. Hence it may be used as an alternative for AEC value in clinical setup. Our study indicated that patients with a higher NOSE score with features of allergic rhinitis were having a higher AEC value. However we feel that it is not as accurate as absolute eosinophil count and nasal eosinophilia.
Influence of Oyster Shell Ash Filler on the Marshall Properties of Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Ajah Uche Christian , Mbadike Elvis
Published: August 2023

Roads are vital for the movement of people and goods, and their durability and mechanical properties depend on various factors, including the construction materials used. Marshall properties are crucial for analysis of asphaltic concrete designed for road construction, Also, filler materials improves the properties of asphaltic concrete. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of oyster shell ash (OSA) on the Marshall properties of hot mix asphalt concrete. The Marshall properties analyzed include stability, flow, void in mineral aggregate (VMA), void in the mixture (VIM), void filled with asphalt (VFA), and Marshall Quotient (MQ). The research revealed that the addition of oyster shell ash enhanced the stability and flow of asphaltic concrete. VMA and VFA increased with increase in OSA content, while increase in asphalt content resulted in a decrease in VIM and increase in VFA. The optimum performance of the Marshall’s properties was recorded at 10% OSA and 5% asphalt content. The study also showed that the OSA-filled asphaltic concrete improved the performance of the OSA-filled asphalt concrete stability and stiffness compared to the sample without OSA. Moreover, OSA enhances the stiffness of the mixture, as reflected by the Marshall Quotient. Therefore, the findings highlighted the potential of oyster shell ash as a viable and sustainable filler material in asphaltic concrete.
Biomechanical evaluation of an anatomical bone plate assembly for thin patella fracture fixation fabricated by titanium alloy 3D printing
Authors: Liao Chi-Yang , Huang Shao-Fu , Tsai Wei-Che , Zeng Yu-Hui , Li Chia-Hsuan , Lin Chun-Li
Published: August 2023

This study established and evaluated the feasibility of a three-dimensional (3D)- printed titanium anatomical surface with adjustable thin bone plate assembly (AATBP) for patella fracture fixation. The AATBP was 1.6 mm in thickness and divided into a proximal plate (PP) with locking screw holes and a distal plate (DP) (0.4 mm in thickness) with compressive screw holes for assembly using a ratchet mechanism to adjust the total fixation height according to the patella size. Two pairs of hooks were designed on the proximal/distal edges to allow passage through the tendon to grip the fractured fragments. 3D printing combined with Computer Numerical Control (CNC) drilling was performed to manufacture the AATBP. Four-point bending and surface roughness tests were performed to evaluate the AATBP mechanical behavior. A cyclic (300 times) load test with 15-kg weights was adopted to compare the biomechanical stability between the AATBP and conventional tension band wiring (TBW) fixations. A parallel finite element (FE) analysis was achieved to understand the fracture gap and bone stress in the two different fixations on a transverse patella fracture. The result showed that the maximum AATBP manufacturing error was 3.75%. The average fracture gaps on the medial/lateral sides after cyclic loads were 2.38 ± 0.57 mm/2.30 ± 0.30 mm for TBW and 0.03 ± 0.01 mm/0.06 ± 0.03 mm for AATBP fixations. The same trend occurred in the FE simulation. This study confirmed that a complicated thin bone plate, including the anatomical surface, hooks, and ratchet with size-adjustable characteristics, can be fabricated using metal 3D printing with acceptable manufacturing error and reasonable anatomical surface/ thin bone plate assembly fitness. Biomechanical cyclic tests and FE simulation showed that the AATBP fixation is superior to the conventional TBW for patella transverse fractures.
3D bioprinting and scaffold-free strategies for fabrication of multi-cellular tissues or organoids
Authors: Li Haoyu , Zhou Huixing , Xu Chongwen , Wei Yen , Tang Xiuying
Published: August 2023

The biofabrication of multi-cellular tissues or organoids (MTOs) has been challenging in regenerative medicine for decades. Currently, two primary technological approaches are being explored: scaffold-based strategies utilizing three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting techniques and scaffold-free strategies employing bioassembly techniques. 3D bioprinting techniques include jetting-based, extrusion-based, and vat photopolymerization-based methods, and bioassembly techniques include Kenzan, fluid-based manipulation and microfluid, bioprinting-assisted tissue emergence, and aspiration-assisted technology methods. Scaffold-based strategies primarily concentrate on the construction of scaffold structures to provide an extracellular environment, while scaffold-free strategies primarily emphasize the assembly methods of building blocks. Different biofabrication technologies have their advantages and limitations. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategies in tissue engineering. It also compares the strengths and weaknesses of these two strategies, along with their respective suitability under different conditions. Moreover, the significant challenges in the future development of convergence strategies, specifically the integration of scaffold-based and scaffold-free approaches, are examined in an objective manner. This review concludes that integrating scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategies could overcome the problems in the biofabrication of MTOs. A novel fabrication method, the BioMicroMesh method, is proposed based on the convergence strategy. Concurrently, the development of a desktop-scale integrated intelligent biofabrication device, the BioMicroMesh system, is underway. This system is tailored to the BioMicroMesh method and incorporates cell aggregate spheroids preparation, 3D bioprinting, bioassembly, and multi-organoid co-culture functions, providing an objective perspective on its capabilities.