bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Distribution of Linear Polarization over 13 Extended Sources at 21·2 cm Wavelength
Authors: Morris D , Whiteoak JB
Published: May 2011

The distribution of linear polarization over 13 bright radio sources has been determined at 21 cm wavelength with an east-west interferometer. The results are presented in the form of strip brightness distributioIlJ3 of polarized flux and direction of polarization, with a resolution of l' by 20'. It is suggested that axial rotation during evolution contributes to the observed polarization features of extended radio sources.
Observations of 11 Radio Sources Near 55 MHz
Authors: Haynes RF , Hamilton PA , McCulloch PM
Published: May 2011

A recent investigation of radio sources in the northern hemisphere was made by Kellermann (1966). He attempted to explain some of the characteristics of the sources that were observed to have c~ed spectra. In order to make a similar investigation possible for sources in the southern hemisphere, more observations especially at low frequencies are needed. Recently surveys have been published at 153 MHz (Hamilton and Haynes 1967) and between 40 and 120 MHz (Haynes and Hamilton 1968). Contuluing these observations, we report here on measurements of 11 radio sources made at the Australian National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Parkes, N.S.W., in January 1968.
The Interaction Energy of an Ion Pair with Overlapping Hydration Shells. II. A Spheroidal Cavity Model
Authors: Ross DK
Published: May 2011

The energy of interaction of two monovalent ions of opposite charge with overlapping hydration shells and in an aqueous medium is discussed in terms of a spheroidal cavity model. Some of the calculations carried out in an earlier paper by Levine and Rosenthal (1966) are shown to be inadequate and an improved model is tested for consistency with the "truncated spheres model" proposed in Part 1. The calculations suggest that this new model can be adapted to an examination of the water molecules in the first hydration shells of an ion pair. Only calculations for the K + and F- ions are included.
The Interaction Energy of an Isolated Monovalent Ion
Authors: Ross DK
Published: May 2011

The interaction energy of a monovalent ion in an aqueous medium at 25�C is determined. It is also found that the water molecules in the first hydration shell of the ion have a mean dipole moment far in excess of their permanent dipole moments. Thus, for example, the increase in the dipole moment of the attached water molecules. due to the presence of an ion is about 60% for the small four-coordinated Li+ ion and about 30% for the larger four-coordinated 1- ion. Calculations are also carried out on the assumption that the ions are six coordinated.
Electron Drift and Diffusion in Parahydrogen at 77°K
Authors: Crompton RW , McIntosh AI
Published: May 2011

This paper reports a series of experiments to measure electron diffusion and drift in pure parahydrogen at 77° K. Tables of data are given for the electron drift velocity W in the range 1.2 X l0−19 ≤ E/N ≤ 9.5 x l0−17 V cm2 and for the ratio of diffusion coefficient to mobility D/μ for 2 X 10−20 ≤ E/N ≤ 6 X 10−17 V cm2. As expected, these data are indistinguishable from the data for normal hydrogen in the thermal region and at the higher values of E/N where vibrational excitation is the dominant process controlling the electron energy distribution. However, at intermediate values of E/N, the values of W and D/μ differ by more than 10 and 20% respectively from the corresponding values in normal hydrogen, demonstrating the influence of the difference in the statistical weights of the rotational levels in the two gases.
Diffraction by a Slit Aperture Formed by Two Inclined Surfaces
Authors: Tan HS
Published: May 2011

The problem of diffraction by a slit aperture in a nonplanar screen formed by two inclined half� planes is formulated in terms of integral equations by means of the Lebedev transform. A convenient iterative solution of these equations is presented, based on a theorem by Karp and Zitron and its interpretations. The diffracted field is computed and compared with experimental measurements, and is found to contain a reflection interaction effect due to the nonplanar screen geometry.
The Origin and Propagation of Acoustic?Gravity Waves Ducted in the Thermosphere
Authors: Wickersham AF
Published: May 2011

The theory of acoustic-gravity waves in a thermoclinal atmosphere shows that damping decreases as the thermal gradient increases. If the thermal gradient is large enough it offsets the increase in amplitude caused by upward propagation into a region of decreasing ambient density and the motion is completely undamped, neglecting viscosity. Thus it appears that long distance propagation can occur in the principal duct at 150 km altitude, where the thermal gradient is almost large enough to eliminate nonviscous damping.
The Nature of Spread?F Irregularities in Antarctica
Authors: Bowman GG
Published: May 2011

Some characteristics of spread.F ionograms from the Antarctic region are discussed. Very disturbed periods, such as when magnetic storms are in progress, have been neglected in this analysis. Two important characteristics are the frequent occurrence of resolved as well as diffuse traces, and the appearance from time to time of an enhanced trace which seems to be produced by signals that arrive from directions close to the magnetic field direction. Two independent sets of spread�F traces are reported. Several possible models are examined and some ray tracing performed. The analysis favours a model that incorporates kinking of the contours of equal ionization density to produce "wavelengths" in the ionospheric structure of some tens of kilometres. Because of the similarities at mid and high latitude regions, it is suggested that similar mechanisms are operating at both regions to produce spread-F
Observations of Cen XR?2, SCO XR?1, and Terrestrial X-Rays
Authors: Harries JR , Francey RJ
Published: May 2011

Two identical X-ray experiments were flown on Skylark rockets from Woomera, Australia, during April 1967. Sco XR-l and Cen XR-2 were observed on both flights. The Cen XR-2 flux was (1-5�0'1) X 10-7 erg cm-2 sec-1 (2-8 keY) when first observed but had decreased to (l�0�0�1) X 10-7 erg cm-2 sec-1 and had become softer by the second flight. An X-ray flux from the Earth was observed and found to be due to solar X-rays reflected in the atmosphere.
The (g, p) and (g, n) Reactions in Molybdenum
Authors: Gellie RW
Published: May 2011

Measurements have been made of the cross sections for some of the (g,p) and (y, n) reactions in molybdenum using the technique of residual activation analysis. The gross structure of these cross sections is compared with previous measurements and the results are interpreted as evidence for the isospin splitting of the giant dipole resonance in medium weight nuclei.
States in 27Al and 89Y Using High Resolution Surface Barrier Counters
Authors: Crawley GM , Powell DL , Narasimha Rao BV
Published: May 2011

The resolution of a solid state deteotor was investigated and a best value of about 16 keY was obtained after cooling. The energy levels of 8'Y and I7AI were measured with this deteotor. New states were observed at around 3�0 and 3� 7 MeV in 8ey and over 20 new levels were noted in 17 AI.
The Potential Due to Two Point Charges Each at the Centre of a Spherical Cavity and Embedded in a Dielectric Medium
Authors: Ross DK
Published: May 2011

A method is found for determining the electrostatic potential due to two separated spherical cavities each containing a point charge with the whole system embedded in a continuous dielectric medium. The potential is obtained as a sum involving Legendre polynomials and it is shown that the coefficients of this series can be expanded as a convergent power series in the reciprocal of the distance between the centres of the cavities. This solution is suitable for numerical calculations because there is a simple relationship between successive terms in the series and because this series is convergent even at contact separation.
The Shape and Energy of a Revolving Liquid Mass Held Together by Surface Tension
Authors: Ross DK
Published: May 2011

The shape of a drop of incompressible fluid held together by the action of surface tension and made to rotate about an axis is determined, the effect of gravity being neglected. Two distinct problems are investigated. In the first an isolated drop of liquid in the form of a surface of revolution is considered. At zero angular speed the drop is spherical and with increasing angular momentum the oblateness increases until a maximum angular speed is reached (where the total mechanical potential is a minimum) beyond which a new linear series of equilibrium forms emerges. A solution in the form of a toroid is also found.
5 GHz Continuum Radiation from Southern Hemisphere Galactic HII Regions
Authors: Gardner FF , Morimoto M
Published: May 2011

The continuum radiation from about 36 southern thermal radio sources has been surveyed at 6 cm wavelength with a beamwidth of 4'�2 arc, and maps are shown for 28 of these. The positional accuracy is better than l' arc.
Accurate Positions and Identifications of 75 Radio Sources Between Declinations +20º and +27º
Authors: K Merkelijn Jeannette
Published: May 2011

Accurate positions have been obtained for 75 sources between declinations +20� and +27�. For most sources the estimated error is less than 15" arc in each coordinate. Identifications are suggested for 27 sources from inspection of the Palomar Sky survey prints near the new positions. Fourteen of the suggested identifications are galaxies and 13 are quasi. stellar objects.
Study of Combined Effect of Kelvin?Helmholtz Instability and Gravitational Instability on a Self?Gravitating Fluid Layer
Authors: Uberoi C , Jayakaran Isaac R
Published: May 2011

The instability of a self-gravitating fluid layer of finite thickness surrounded by another fluid of different density has been studied recently by Uberoi (1963) and Tassoul (1967)� under varying conditions. Now the condition can arise when the fluid inside the layer and the surrounding material are in relative horizontal motion. It is interesting to study the combined effects of the Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability associated with short wavelengths and the gravitational instability associated with long wavelengths on this layer.
The Determination of Stacking Fault Energy by the Tetrahedron Method
Authors: Humble P , Forwood CT
Published: May 2011

At present there are three methods for obtaining values of the stacking fault energy y of face-centred cubic (f.c.c.) materials by direct observation of dislocationstacking fault configurations in the electron microscope. These are based on measurements of extended three-fold dislocation nodes (e.g. Whelan 1958; Brown and ThOlen 1964), faulted dipole configurations (e.g. Haussermann and Wilkens 1966; Steeds 1967), and triangular Frank dislocation loops and stacking fault tetrahedral (e.g. Silcox and Hirsch 1959; Loretto, Clarebrough, and Segall 1965). The main advantages of the third method over the other two are that it is applicable to materials of a very wide range of stacking fault energy and involves only simple length measurements of defects that are easily recognized. However, it has suffered from the disadvantage that the values of y deduced from these measurements relied on an incomplete theory. The present authors have reconsidered this problem and, subject to the limitations of isotropic linear elasticity, have taken into account the major variables that may affect the values of y. It is the purpose of this note to present the results of this theory in a form in which values of y may easily be obtained from measurements of Frank dislocation loops and stacking fault tetrahedral without the resources of a large digital computer.
Corrigendum: Inelastic Scattering of Deuterons from 56Fe
Authors: Majumder AR , Sen Gupta HM
Published: May 2011

Throughout the paper replace 2 �077 MeV by 2 �081 MeV for the energy of the second level.
Mutual Antagonism in a 1?1 Plus 2?1 Electrolyte Mixture: An Exact Solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann Equation
Authors: Ross DK
Published: May 2011

The stability properties of two charged plate-like parallel colloidal particles immersed in an aqueous solution containing a 1-1 plus 2-1 electrolyte mixture is considered where the first-mentioned ion is the coagulating one. It is found that the relation between the coagulating concentrations of the two binary electrolytes is such as to predict a very weak mutual antagonism, even in the absence of a Stern inner region, when the plate potentials are above 250 mV at 25�C.
Shock Development in an Electrothermal Shock Tube
Authors: Campbell B , George DW , Messerle HK
Published: May 2011

The nature of the electrioally energized, i.e. eleotrothermal, shook tube is discussed. It is shown that its performanoe simulates that of a meohanioal shook tube with a hot driver but with a turbulent or unstable driver-shook interface.
The Reconstruction of Displacement Fields of Defects in Crystals from Electron Micrographs. I. Analytic Fields
Authors: Head AK
Published: May 2011

The following theorem and corollaries are proved. If the two-beam column approximation theory of electron microscope image formation is assumed and if the displacement field of the object is analytic with zero derivative at infinity, and such that there is a direction in the object along which displacements are constant, then from an electron micrograph that records intensities but no phase information there is an explicit and unique reconstruction of the component of the displacement field of the object in the direction of the diffracting vector, except possibly in some specified singular cases for which the reconstruction cannot be started uniquely.
Inelastic Scattering of Neutrons. II. Comparison of QCN Theory with Experiment
Authors: Bertram WK
Published: May 2011

The cross section for inelastic scattering of neutrons by medium and heavy target nuclei is derived using the quasi-compound nucleus theory. Calculations are carried out for 56Fe and 60NL The results of these calculations are compared with experiment. Agreement between theory and experiment is quite good for scattering to the continuum of high levels and to discrete levels with small spins. On the other hand the theory underestimates the scattering to levels with large spin values.
The Development of Spark Discharges in Hydrogen
Authors: Cavenor MC , Meyer J
Published: May 2011

Streak photography has been used to supplement the earlier shutter photo. graphic investigation of Doran and Meyer (1967) using the same coaxial cable discharge circuit. Additional information has also been obtained from measurement of the potential distribution between the electrodes at two stages in the spark development. Redistribution of space charge is shown to give rise firstly to a transient diffuse glow discharge that has a close similarity with a normal d.c. glow discharge. It has also been shown that, even while the diffuse glow discharge expands, a partial constriction occurs in which most of the current flows along a narrow axial column. The resulting maximum in electron density eventually causes a rapid increase in dissociation of molecular hydrogen on the axis of the discharge brought about by a rise in the gas temperature. Owing to its greater electrical conductivity this axial column soon carries the entire current and the discharge becomes filamentary though still being maintained by a high cathode fall field, which exists until a sudden change in the cathode mechanism gives rise to the low voltage arc channel. Both the filamentary glow and arc columns are observed to expand according to an r cc ti law.
Emission and Absorption of Radio Waves in the Galactic Disk
Authors: Gould RJ
Published: May 2011

Bremsstrahlung in electron collisions with helium atoms produces up to O' 04 % of the radio emission continuum from the main part of interstellar HII regions, while, near the outer edge where hydrogen is about half-ionized, electron collisions with hydrogen atoms produce up to 2% of the normal electron-proton bremsstrahlung. Radio emission and absorption in electron-hydrogen and electron-helium collisions in HI regions are investigated and found to be negligible at the low temperatures therein. However, low energy cosmic rays may ionize HI regions to a sufficient degree to significantly attenuate radio waves by inverse bremsstrahlung (free-free absorption) in electron-proton Coulomb collisions. Future high resolution surveys of the cosmic radio brightness should be able to distinguish between HI and Ell absorption.
The Influence of Stratospheric Winds on a Suspended Instrument Package
Authors: Brearley MN
Published: May 2011

One of many high altitude experiments performed by the Physics Department of the RAAF Academy (Hopper et al. 1963) involves a small instrument package suspended from a balloon on a fine nylon yarn several miles long. Any wind shear that exists between the balloon and package will induce a relative lateral displacement by way of air drag on the yarn and package. This paper establishes the package displacements and yarn shapes produced by several wind shears of simple profiles, and suggests a method by which our knowledge of wind structure in the stratosphere may be extended. Numerical results are included for a typical situation involving a balloon at an altitude of 90000 ft and a yarn about 4 miles in length.
The Hazard of Atmospheric Wind Shears During Parachute Recovery of Instruments
Authors: Brearley MN
Published: May 2011

In the preceding paper (present issue, pp. 263-84) some aspects of the behaviour of a high altitude experimental system were considered. The system consists of a balloon with gondola, from which a small instrument package is suspended by a fine nylon yarn several miles long. To recover the instruments at the end of a flight the gondola is cut loose from the balloon, the whole system of gondola, yarn, and package then descending by a parachute attached to the gondola. If the balloon is a small one the upper instruments are contained in a small box instead of a gondola.
Multilevel Analysis of the p-Wave 12C?a Elastic Scattering Phase Shift Between 9·16 and 12·11 MeV
Authors: Clark GJ
Published: May 2011

A previous analysis (Clark, Sullivan, and Treacy 1968) of the 12C-oc elastic scattering data indicated that a single-level fit to the p-wave phase shifts (Fig. 1) was satisfactory near the resonance energy, but that a multilevel analysis would be required to fit the phase shifts across the full energy range. In this note such an analysis is considered and in particular, an IX-particle width is assigned to the 1- levels in 160 at excitation energies of 7�116 and 9�59 MeV. A quantitative knowledge of the reduced width of the 7 �116 MeV level is of importance in astrophysical calculations, since the level is suspected to have a large IX-particle reduced width (Fowler and Hoyle 1964) and consequently, although energy bound by 46 keV, its influence on the production rate of 160 in stellar interiors may be substantial.
Chandrasekhar's X- and Y-Functions for Isotropic Scattering in Thick Slabs
Authors: Clancy BE
Published: May 2011

Approximate forms are developed for the X- and Y-functions of isotropic scattering of Chandrasekhar in terms of the well-tabulated H -function. The approximl]. tions that are asymptotically correct for slabs of large thickness are compared with available tabulated values.
Spectral and Microwave Studies of the Decay of a Highly Ionized Hydrogen Plasma
Authors: Brand GF , Heckenberg NR , Watson-Munro CN
Published: May 2011

The decay of an almost fully ionized hydrogen plasma immersed in a magnetic field of 1 tesla has been investigated spectroscopically and with microwave interferometers at 35 and 120 GHz. It has been found that the plasma decays approximately exponentially in time and that the density-temperature relations in the contracting central column are adequately described in terms of the theoretical predictions of Bates, Kingston, and McWhirter down to densities of about 1 X 1019 m-3 and temperatures of 2000oK. Competing processes of axial and transverse diffusion have been shown to play no significant part in the decay of this plasma.
The Reconstruction of Displacement Fields of Defects in Crystals from Electron Micrographs
Authors: Head AK
Published: May 2011

It is shown that the theorem of Part I, namely, that there is a unique reversible connection between displacement fields and electron micrographs for the case of two-beam diffraction and analytic displacement fields, can be extended to many-beam diffraction conditions. The case of a systematic set of diffracting vectors is parallel to the two-beam case with a unique reversible connection between one component of the displacement field and one micrograph. In the general many-beam case there is a unique reversible connection between the vector displacement field and three micrographs.
Diffraction Contrast from Dissociated Frank Dislocations. I. Computed Electron Micrographs
Authors: Clarebrough LM , Morton AJ
Published: May 2011

The influence of degree of dissociation on the diffraction contrast from a Frank dislocation for lll, 220, and 020 reflections has been investigated using the technique devised by Head and Humble for computing electron microscope images.
Complex Frank Loops and Fault Climb
Authors: Morton AJ , Clarebrough LM
Published: May 2011

The Burgers vectors of the dislocations bounding steps in the stacking fault in Frank dislocation loops in quenched silver and copper-aluminium alloys have been identified by comparison of experimental electron microscope images and images computed using the Head-Humble technique. The steps in the fault are generally acute, faulted, and bordered by t<llO) stair-rod dislocations. However, obtuse unfaulted steps bordered by t<1l2) Shockley dislocations have also been observed. A characteristic configuration for a stepped loop consists of a triangular region within the main loop with one edge, a dissociated Frank dislocation, forming an edge of the main loop, and the other two edges, acute fault bends bordered by t<llO) dislocations, forming steps in the fault.
Auroral Morphological Similarities at Two Magnetically Conjugate Stations: Buckles Bay and Kotzebue
Authors: Bond FR
Published: May 2011

This paper gives a preliminary study of auroral displays photographed by all-sky cameras during November 1962 to March 1963 at the approximately magnetically conjugate stations, Buckles Bay, Macquarie Island, and Kotzebue, Alaska.
Space Charge Fields in the Development of a Townsend Discharge in Nitrogen
Authors: Doran AA
Published: May 2011

As the CUlTent through a spark rises into the milliampere range, ionization due to fields produced by space charge plays an increasingly dominant role. Infor� mation on these fields can be obtained from analysis of the light intensity emitted at different points along the axis of the discharge. In an earlier publication (Doran 1968) photomultiplier records of the light output obtained at various times during the growth of a Townsend discharge in nitrogen (pd = 600 torr cm) were analysed by an approximate method. In the present paper a more exact relation between the light emitted and the variation in local electric field is derived, enabling the previous results to be re.analysed. This has provided a quantitative picture, spatially and temporally resolved, of the development of these fields, which are associated with luminous fronts observed to propagate back and forth across the discharge gap. The magnitude of the field variations is in general about 10-20% of the applied electric field.
Collisional Damping of Plasma Oscillations
Authors: Wood WP , Ninham BW
Published: May 2011

The attenuation of longitudinal electron oscillations in a dilute plasma is evaluated from the Krook approximation to the Boltzmann equation. The predictions of this model are compared with those of various other collision models. In the limit of "few collisions" there is complete qualitative agreement. However, the quantitative agreement among contributions beyond those due to dynamical friction is poor.
Further Studies of the Absolute Intensity of Emission of Characteristic X-Radiation
Authors: Fong LH , Tomlin SG
Published: May 2011

The theory of Metchnik and Tomlin (1963) relating to the characteristic X-ray yield from thick targets bombarded with electrons is further discussed and a simple formula is developed from it. Some selected results from an extensive experimental study of X-ray yield are presented and these are compared with other published results and various theoretical discussions.
Multipole Analysis. II. Geomagnetic Secular Variation
Authors: James RW
Published: May 2011

The method of multipole analysis described in Part I is applied to the Earth's magnetic field for various epochs between 1845 and 1965, allowing the geomagnetic secular variation to be illustrated by time trends in the multipole parameters. The rates of change of the multipole parameters are used to separate the secular variation into non.drifting, meridional drifting, and longitudinal drifting components, which are discussed in detail for the epoch 1965.
Hydromagnetic Stability of Thin Self-Gravitating Disks and Spiral Structure
Authors: Hosking RJ
Published: May 2011

The hydromagnetio stability of infinitesimally thin, ourrent-oarrying, differentially rotating disks is oonsidered. The perturbation theory desoribed is first order (linear) throughout. It is shown that azimuthal eleotrio ourrent produoes instability for all (radial) wavelengths. The oase of radial equilibrium eleotrio ourrent reduoes to the non-hydromagnetio problem treated by Lin and Shu (1964), although hydromagnetio effeots are expeoted for a. disk of finite thiokness or to second order due to azimuthal perturbation ourrent.
The X-Ray Background in Isotropic World Models
Authors: Payne AD
Published: May 2011

This paper is an attempt to describe the diffuse X-ray background in terms of Compton radiation from cosmic ray electrons in intergalactic space. Similarities between the X-ray and radio source spectra suggest that fast electrons escape more or less freely from radio galaxies. It is assumed that the time scale of electron injection is small compared with the characteristic time of evolution of the universe. The electrons are considered to lose energy through Compton scattering (due to the presence of the universal black-body radiation at 3�K) and by expansion of the coordinate system.
Some Comments on the Analysis of Excitation Functions Using Different Transforms
Authors: Hellstrom J
Published: May 2011

The statistical theory of nuclear reactions (Brink and Stephen 1963; Ericson 1963) has been used successfully for some years. When it comes to determining properties like the mean level width r several authors (Bohning 1965; Ericson 1965, personal communication; Hellstrom and Dallimore 1969) have suggested and used a. Fourier analysis instead of the autocorrelation function C(E+?, E) because the former is associated with smaller errors, particularly when the average cross section has a slow variation with energy. The aim of this note is to elucidate some of the properties of the Fourier transform applied to analysis of excitation functions and also to point out that other transforms are possible. To fix notation, we take the Fourier transform F of the cross section a(E) over an energy interval I with middle point Eo as
Apparent Anomalous Absorption and Image Matching
Authors: Clarebrough LM
Published: May 2011

Visual matching of experimental and theoretical electron micrographs can be used to determine the apparent anomalous absorption constant. The method has been applied to a copper-silicon (8 at. % Si) alloy by matching experimental and theoretical images of a Shockley partial dislocation and the main and subsidiary fringes of the associated stacking fault. The value of 0�067 which is obtained is considerably less than the value of 0�1 usually assumed for metals and alloys. In foils approximately 3611 thick details of the image are very sensitive to the value ofthe anomalous absorption constant and the value of 0�1 is inadequate for image matching. However, in foils approximately 6611thick the general topological features of an image are little altered by varying the anomalous absorption constant over a wide range and the approximate value of O� 1 is adequate for image matching.
The Outer Fringe of a Stacking Fault
Authors: Head AK
Published: May 2011

The rule of Hashimoto, Howie, and Whelan, much used in electron microscopy for determining the nature of stacking faults, is known to be true when the specimen thickness t is sufficiently great. It is shown that sufficiently great means that the product (t;gg)(gglg~) must be greater than 0�2 for bright field or greater than O� 25 for dark field, these values being for reasonable deviations from the Bragg condition.
A Seismic Refraction Study of the Crust and Upper Mantle in the Vicinity of Bass Strait
Authors: Underwood R
Published: May 2011

A reconnaissance seismic refraction study of the crust and upper mantle of Bass Strait and adjacent land was undertaken in 1966 under the sponsorship of the Geophysics Group of the Australian Institute of Physics. The shot locations and times, the station locations, distances, and first arrival travel times are presented. Analysis of these data is described; they indicate a P n velocity below 8 km sec-I. Time terms are less than expected and do not agree with previous work. Crustal thicknesses cannot be computed until studies of upper crustal structure are made. These, and several mantle refraction studies, are suggested for future work.
Propagation of Shock Waves in a Polytrope with a Toroidal Magnetic Field. I. Simplified Solution of Differential Equations
Authors: Sinha NK
Published: May 2011

The propagation of an initially spherical shock wave in a polytrope with a magnetic field has been studied. The model chosen for the purpose was that of a poly trope with a toroidal magnetic field given previously by Sinha. Butler's method has been extended to transform the set of governing partial differential equations into a set of ordinary differential equations involving derivatives in the direction of propagation of the shock element at any point. An approximate solution is obtained and the effect of the toroidal magnetic field on the geometry of the front as well as on the effects brought about by the shock is discussed.
Recombination Lines 158a and 198ß in Nine Southern Nebulae
Authors: McGee RX , Batchelor RA , Brooks JW , Sinclair MW
Published: May 2011

Recombination lines H 158", He 158", and H 198,8 (near ,\ 18 em) have been observed in the HI! regions Orion Nebula, RCW 38 and 49, "I Carinae I, RCW 57, PKS1617-5OI in Norma, NGC6334 and 63571, and Omega Nebula. Physical parameters such as ratio of line to continuum temperatures TdT c, line halfwidths, median radial velocities, and intensity ratios 1(198,8)/1(158,,) and 1(He)/1(H) are given. A lack of agreement in the measured radial velocities of the H 198,8 and H 158" lines in three nebulae is discussed.
A Measurement of the Sky Brightness Temperature at 408 MHz
Authors: Price RM
Published: May 2011

The absolute value of the background brightness temperature has been measured at a radiofrequency of 408 MHz. Observations were made with a large pyramidal "standard gain" horn aerial and the aerial temperatures were compared direct with the temperature observed with the receiver input connected to a matched resistive load of known temperature. For the region within 240 of the south celestial pole an average brightness temperature of 23� 9�K was obtained. Observations of northern regions indicate that values from previous determinations at northern latitudes are 4-5 degK too high.
An Equation Incorporating Crossing Symmetry, Regge Asymptotic Behaviour, and Two-body Unitarity
Authors: Campbell JA , Yaes RJ
Published: May 2011

An explicitly crossing. symmetric generalization of Kadyshevsky's quasi. potential equation is proposed. The equation has the two.body unitarity cuts in all three channels. Applied to a particular continuation of the Veneziano amplitude off the energy-momentum shell, it produces an amplitude with Regge asymptotic behaviour.
Zero Degree Neutron Yield from the 7Li(p, n)7Be Reaction Near 2·2 MeV
Authors: Lefevre HW , Din GU
Published: May 2011

A discrepancy between calculated and measured neutron spectra. from the 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction is discussed. Results from a relative yield curve measurement with a long counter are compared with existing data.
The Angular Distribution of Protons from the 12C(g, p0)11B Reaction in the Giant Resonance Region
Authors: Cannington PH , M Dixon Judith
Published: May 2011

Proton spectra from the 12C(y, po)l1B reaction have been obtained at angles of 30�, 50�, 70�, 90�, 110�, 130�, and 150� using semiconductor detector telescopes. From these spectra the angular distribution of the 12C(y, po)l1B reaction has been determined every 250 ke V throughout the excitation energy region between 20 and 27 MeV. The observed energy dependence of the angular distribution is compared with that expected from the collective correlations model description of 12C.
The Cross Section for the J = 0 → 2 Rotational Excitation of Hydrogen by Slow Electrons
Authors: Crompton RW , Gibson DK , McIntosh AI
Published: May 2011

The results of electron drift and diffusion measurements in parahydrogen have been analysed to determine the cross sections for momentum transfer and for rotational and vibrational excitation. The limited number of possible excitation processes in parahydrogen and the wide separation of the thresholds for these processes make it possible to determine uniquely the J = 0 → 2 rotational cross section from threshold to 0.3 eV. In addition, the momentum transfer cross section has been determined for energies less than 2 eV and it is shown that, near threshold, a vibrational cross section compatible with the data must lie within relatively narrow limits. The problems of uniqueness and accuracy inherent in the swarm method of cross section analysis are discussed. The present results are compared with other recent theoretical and experimental determinations; the agreement with the most recent calculations of Henry and Lane is excellent.
The Effects of Recombination in Expanding Gas Flows
Authors: Pope RL
Published: May 2011

An approximate analysis of the one� dimensional expanding flow of an ideal dissociating gas, which is initially in a frozen state, is presented. The different types of solutions of the equations of the flow, for variations in the rates of expansion and recombination, are discussed. Some numerical results indicating the distances and other dimensions involved are included. The results of the approximate analysis are compared with some numerical solutions and are found to be valid for all cases in which the analysis can be expected to apply.
Minor Meteor Showers of November, December, and January
Authors: Srirama Rao M , Rama Rao PVS , Ramesh P
Published: May 2011

Systematic visual observations of 7987 meteors were made during the montns November, December, and January in 1961-7. Major shower meteors were identified and the remaining data were analysed for evidence of minor meteor shower activity. By tracing the paths of 894 meteors which appeared to make up 70 groups, common radiant points were found suggesting the existence of minor meteor showers. Two further tests of significance supported this contention. Ten out of the 70 minor meteor showers were found to occur in at least two different years on approximately the same dates and therefore are considered to be established minor meteor showers. The majority of the minor shower radiants were found to lie close to the plane of the ecliptic.
Improved Positions and Some Optical Identifications for 451 4C Radio Sources Between Declinations 4° and 20°
Authors: Wills D , Bolton JG
Published: May 2011

Accurate positions have been measured at Parkes for 451 40 radio sources between declinations 4� and 20�. For most of the sources the r.m.s. uncertainty is � ION arc in each coordinate. Optical identifications are suggested for 94 sources, of which 22 are galaxies and 72 are possible quasi.stellar objects.
The Linear Polarization of Radio Sources Between 11 and 20 cm Wavelength. III. Influence of the Galaxy on Source Depolarization and Faraday Rotation
Authors: Gardner FF , Morris D , Whiteoak JB
Published: May 2011

The dependence on galactic latitude of the 11 and 20 cm polarization of 355 extraga.la.ctic sources reveals no definite evidence of depolarization within the Ga.laxy. The distribution of Faraday rotation can be explained in terms of a. field along the local spiral arm, deformed by magnetic "loops" in the solar neighbourhood.
The Linear Polarization of Radio Sources at 6 cm Wavelength
Authors: Gardner FF , Whiteoak JB , Morris D
Published: May 2011

Linear po1a.rization measurements at 6 cm wavelength with the Parkes 210 ft telescope are given for 706 sources. Comparison of polarization parameters and flux densities with other published data is made. For the variable sources it is found that changes in polarized flux and position angle can accompany changes in intensity.
Invariant NKT cells are required for airway inflammation induced by environmental antigens
Authors: Wingender Gerhard , Rogers Paul , Batzer Glenda , Lee Myung Steve , Bai Dong , Pei Bo , Khurana Archana , Kronenberg Mitchell , Horner Anthony A.
Published: May 2011

Invariant NKT cells (iNKT cells) are a unique subset of T lymphocytes that rapidly carry out effector functions. In this study, we report that a majority of sterile house dust extracts (HDEs) tested contained antigens capable of activating mouse and human iNKT cells. HDEs had adjuvant-like properties in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model, which were dependent on Vα14i NKT cells, as vaccinated animals deficient for iNKT cells displayed significantly attenuated immune responses and airway inflammation. Furthermore, the administration of HDEs together with OVA mutually augmented the synthesis of cytokines by Vα14i NKT cells and by conventional CD4+ T cells in the lung, demonstrating a profound immune response synergy for both Th2 cytokines and IL-17A. These data demonstrate that iNKT cell antigens are far more widely dispersed in the environment than previously anticipated. Furthermore, as the antigenic activity in different houses varied greatly, they further suggest that iNKT cell responses to ambient antigens, particular to certain environments, might promote sensitization to conventional respiratory allergens.
Hemophagocytosis causes a consumptive anemia of inflammation
Authors: Zoller Erin E. , Lykens Jennifer E. , Terrell Catherine E. , Aliberti Julio , Filipovich Alexandra H. , Henson Peter M. , Jordan Michael B.
Published: May 2011

Cytopenias of uncertain etiology are commonly observed in patients during severe inflammation. Hemophagocytosis, the histological appearance of blood-eating macrophages, is seen in the disorder hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and other inflammatory contexts. Although it is hypothesized that these phenomena are linked, the mechanisms facilitating acute inflammation-associated cytopenias are unknown. We report that interferon γ (IFN-γ) is a critical driver of the acute anemia observed during diverse microbial infections in mice. Furthermore, systemic exposure to physiologically relevant levels of IFN-γ is sufficient to cause acute cytopenias and hemophagocytosis. Demonstrating the significance of hemophagocytosis, we found that IFN-γ acts directly on macrophages in vivo to alter endocytosis and provoke blood cell uptake, leading to severe anemia. These findings define a unique pathological process of broad clinical and immunological significance, which we term the consumptive anemia of inflammation.
PLZF induces an intravascular surveillance program mediated by long-lived LFA-1–ICAM-1 interactions
Authors: Thomas Seddon Y. , Scanlon Seth T. , Griewank Klaus G. , Constantinides Michael G. , Savage Adam K. , Barr Kenneth A. , Meng Fanyong , Luster Andrew D. , Bendelac Albert
Published: May 2011

Innate-like NKT cells conspicuously accumulate within the liver microvasculature of healthy mice, crawling on the luminal side of endothelial cells, but their general recirculation pattern and the mechanism of their intravascular behavior have not been elucidated. Using parabiotic mice, we demonstrated that, despite their intravascular location, most liver NKT cells failed to recirculate. Antibody blocking experiments established that they were retained locally through constitutive LFA-1–intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) 1 interactions. This unprecedented lifelong intravascular residence could be induced in conventional CD4 T cells by the sole expression of promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF), a transcription factor specifically expressed in the NKT lineage. These findings reveal the unique genetic and biochemical pathway that underlies the innate intravascular surveillance program of NKT cells.
A generalization of Max Noether’s theorem
Authors: Martins Renato
Published: May 2011

Max Noether’s theorem asserts that if

ω
\omega

is the dualizing sheaf of a nonsingular nonhyperelliptic projective curve, then the natural morphisms

Sym
n

H
0

(
ω
)
→

H
0

(

ω
n

)

\text {Sym}^nH^0(\omega )\to H^0(\omega ^n)

are surjective for all

n
≥
1

n\geq 1

. This is true for Gorenstein nonhyperelliptic curves as well. We prove that this remains true for nearly Gorenstein curves and for all integral nonhyperelliptic curves whose non-Gorenstein points are unibranch. The results are independent and have different proofs. The first one is extrinsic, the second intrinsic.
Starting opioids for moderate to severe pain: talking to the patient
Authors: Forbes Karen , Reid Colette
Published: May 2011

Patients and professionals have inappropriate fears about morphine. Patients’ fears must be explored before they are offered morphine. Tolerance, addiction and serious adverse effects such as respiratory depression are not relevant in clinical practice. Ongoing professional education is necessary to improve pain control in patients with cancer.
Morphine
Authors: Fallon Marie , McConnell Sandra
Published: May 2011

Morphine is considered the first line strong opioid for cancer pain and can be administered via different routes. Patients, carers and health care professionals’ concerns regarding morphine must be addressed to allow successful pain management. Morphine is metabolized in the liver and is therefore susceptible to interactions with other drugs. Morphine metabolites are excreted by the kidney and may accumulate in renal impairment. Adverse effects of morphine may be managed by dose reduction, change in route of administration, opioid switching and/or symptomatic measures.
Parenteral opioids
Authors: Johnson Jeremy R.
Published: May 2011

Opioids can be administered parenterally when the oral route is not suitable. Continuous subcutaneous infusion is safe, comfortable and effective. Morphine and diamorphine are the commonly used World Health Organization (WHO) step III opioids. Other strong opioids can be given via continuous subcutaneous infusion. Equianalgesic tables should be used with caution. When converting between different formulations and routes, err on the side of caution, monitor the patient and retitrate as necessary.
Neurological drugs
Authors: Singer Mervyn , Webb Andrew R.
Published: May 2011

Abstracts and keywords to be supplied.
Haematological drugs
Authors: Singer Mervyn , Webb Andrew R.
Published: May 2011

Abstracts and keywords to be supplied.
Respiratory therapy techniques
Authors: Singer Mervyn , Webb Andrew R.
Published: May 2011

Abstracts and keywords to be supplied.
Miscellaneous drugs
Authors: Singer Mervyn , Webb Andrew R.
Published: May 2011

Abstracts and keywords to be supplied.
Cardiovascular disorders
Authors: Singer Mervyn , Webb Andrew R.
Published: May 2011

Abstracts and keywords to be supplied.
Neurological disorders
Authors: Singer Mervyn , Webb Andrew R.
Published: May 2011

Abstracts and keywords to be supplied.
Haematological disorders
Authors: Singer Mervyn , Webb Andrew R.
Published: May 2011

Abstracts and keywords to be supplied.
Metabolic disorders
Authors: Singer Mervyn , Webb Andrew R.
Published: May 2011

Abstracts and keywords to be supplied.
Poisoning
Authors: Singer Mervyn , Webb Andrew R.
Published: May 2011

Abstracts and keywords to be supplied.
Infection and inflammation
Authors: Singer Mervyn , Webb Andrew R.
Published: May 2011

Abstracts and keywords to be supplied.
Physical disorders
Authors: Singer Mervyn , Webb Andrew R.
Published: May 2011

Abstracts and keywords to be supplied.
Transport of the critically ill
Authors: Singer Mervyn , Webb Andrew R.
Published: May 2011

Abstracts and keywords to be supplied.
Renal therapy techniques
Authors: Singer Mervyn , Webb Andrew R.
Published: May 2011

Abstracts and keywords to be supplied.
Gastrointestinal therapy techniques
Authors: Singer Mervyn , Webb Andrew R.
Published: May 2011

Abstracts and keywords to be supplied.
Nutrition and metabolic therapy
Authors: Singer Mervyn , Webb Andrew R.
Published: May 2011

Abstracts and keywords to be supplied.
Wound and pressure area management
Authors: Singer Mervyn , Webb Andrew R.
Published: May 2011

Abstracts and keywords to be supplied.
Miscellaneous monitoring
Authors: Singer Mervyn , Webb Andrew R.
Published: May 2011

Abstracts and keywords to be supplied.
Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Hobbs Richard
Published: May 2011

• Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death and disability in the world

• The evidence base for the causes of CHD and for the interventions which reduce CHD risk is huge

• Since CHD is multi-factorial, risk factors tend to co-exist in many patients, and are multiplicative in their influence on overall risk, making identifying people at highest risk clinically difficult

• CHD risk scores have been developed, based on observed CHD rates amongst well-phenotyped patient cohorts followed up over years. These express absolute risk over a defined period and are the most practical method for determining which people have the most to gain from treatment interventions

• Evidence-based interventions include smoking cessation, lifestyle modification in terms of diet and exercise, anti-hypertensives for elevated blood pressure, and ‘statins’ for hyperlipidaemia

• Clinical guidelines for CHD prevention provide recommendations on specific targets for blood pressure and lipid-lowering therapy.
Optimal Medical Therapy Post-AMI
Authors: Opie Lionel
Published: May 2011

• The management of an acute myocardial infarction can be divided into four phases: (a) The initial acute ischaemia causes severe prolonged chest pain when the patient is rushed to a Coronary or Intensive Care Unit; (b) Within the next few hours as ischaemia changes into infarction, the aim at this step is to restore blood flow in the occluded artery by thrombolysis or by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); (c) Next, the infarct is established and the left ventricle undergoes early remodeling; (d) Finally, follows the post-AMI post-hospital phase when continued left ventricular remodeling takes place

• The therapeutic management of each of these steps can be optimized using appropriate medical therapy including antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapy, beta-blockers, ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, lipid-lowering drugs, aldosterone antagonists, omega-3 fatty acids and so on.
Endogenous Mechanisms of Cardioprotection
Authors: Downey James , Cohen Michael
Published: May 2011

• Ischaemic preconditioning is the most powerful endogenous mechanism for limiting myocardial infarct size in the experimental setting. Its clinical application is limited to scenarios in which the index episode of ischaemia and reperfusion can be anticipated such as in the setting of cardiac surgery

• Ischaemic postconditioning represents an endogenous cardioprotective strategy which is applied at the onset of myocardial reperfusion, thereby allowing its use as an adjunct to reperfusion in patients presenting with an acute myocardial infarction

• Both ischaemic preconditioning and postconditioning recruit a common signal transduction pathway at the time of myocardial reperfusion, which can be targeted by pharmacological agents administered as adjuncts to reperfusion.