bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The international orientation of academic entrepreneurship: the role of relational, human and psychological capital
Authors: Villanueva-Flores Mercedes , Hernández-Roque Dara , Fernández-Alles Mariluz , Diaz-Fernandez Mirta
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Scholars have emphasized intellectual capital’s importance for universities in obtaining competitive advantages and creating value. The purpose of this paper is to identify the influences of two components of intellectual capital, relational and human capital at the international level, and psychological capital on international orientation of academic entrepreneurs, and the mediating effects of international relational and human capital.

Design/methodology/approach

On the basis of a literature review, a theoretical model is proposed to explain the relationship between the studied variables. Our hypotheses are tested on a sample of 173 academic spin-offs of Spanish universities using bootstrapping methodology.

Findings

The results show that the international market relational capital and international human capital of academic entrepreneurs influence their international orientation, and that their psychological capital is directly, and indirectly, related to international orientation through international human capital and international market relational capital.

Practical implications

This study provides a better understanding of the antecedents of the international orientation of academic entrepreneurs, which would provide an important contribution to the literature on intellectual capital, academic entrepreneurship and internationalization. The achieved results highlight important implications for training of academic entrepreneurs and for managers and management teams of companies willing to enter, or even those already operating in, international markets.

Originality/value

In this study, the international orientation of academic entrepreneurs is explained through the psychological capital that is studied jointly with two components of intellectual capital, relational and human capital at the international level. Although some recent work has focused on the study of the internationalization of academic spin-off, this line of research is still incipient.
Leaders, practitioners and scientists' awareness of artificial intelligence in libraries: a pilot study
Authors: Harisanty Dessy , Anna Nove E. Variant , Putri Tesa Eranti , Firdaus Aji Akbar , Noor Azizi Nurul Aida
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study investigates the level of artificial intelligence (AI) awareness among library leaders, practitioners and scientists of Indonesian academic libraries to elucidate the benefits of AI implementation and its necessary infrastructure and challenges.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a purposive sampling technique to select the 38 participants and thematic analysis to analyze the data, identifying eight themes: understanding of AI, AI adoption, benefits of AI, competencies needed to support AI, facilities to support AI, factors supporting AI adoption, AI-inhibiting factors and expectations of AI.

Findings

Different viewpoints provided full awareness among library stakeholders and sufficient information to begin AI initiatives in Indonesian libraries as leaders, practitioners and scientists had a favorable, open and encouraging outlook on AI.

Research limitations/implications

The study does not investigate variations in perspectives between the participants, but it examines their understanding of AI and elaborates the results into the concept of an intelligent library. Moreover, this study only uses samples from academic libraries.

Practical implications

Libraries can take these results into consideration before implementing AI, especially in technology and facilities, librarian competency with regard to AI and leadership roles in AI projects.

Social implications

Library boards and library associations can use this research as a source to create guidelines about AI implementation in academic libraries.

Originality/value

The study addresses the gap in the research on university libraries' readiness and awareness to implement AI, especially in developing countries.
Nutritional problems and body mass index of Turkish children with autism
Authors: Asil Esma , Uçar Aslı , Tunay Çağla Zeynep , Bütün Ayhan Aynur
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the nutritional habits, eating behavior and nutritional status of children with autism.

Design/methodology/approach

This study was conducted with 60 boys and 16 girls diagnosed with autism (mean age: 8.3 ± 4.9 years). Research data were collected from parents of children with autism using a questionnaire form developed by researchers after literature searching. The height and body weight of the children were recorded, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated.

Findings

Almost half of the children except the 13–18 age group were overweight/obese according to BMI. Difficulty in giving new food was 73.1% in the 2–5 age group, 70% in the 6–12 age group and 40% in the 13–18 age group (p = 0.04). It was determined that the children refused to consume a median of 3 (1–8) types of food (p = 0.04) and were obsessed with consuming 2 (1–4) types of food and 1 (1–4) type of beverages. Additionally, milk and dairy products were refused significantly higher between 2–5 and 6–12 years than 13–18 years (p = 0.02). Also, it was found that age had an inverse effect on refusal food number (β = 0.38, 95% CI = −0.30 − −0.08, p = 0.01). In conclusion, obesity and nutritional problems such as food selectivity, food refusal and obsessive eating behavior are encountered in children with autism which affect children socially and physically and should not be ignored when planning the treatment of children with autism.

Research limitations/implications

The lack of a control group to compare the results of children with autism is an important limitation of the study.

Originality/value

This study fulfills a defined need to examine and evaluate Turkish children’s nutritional status, nutritional habits and eating behavior with autism.
Information uncertainty of fiscal year end quarter earnings
Authors: Chen Linda H. , Jiang George J. , Zhu Kevin X.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether within the same firm, earnings risk is exacerbated in the fiscal year end (FYE) quarters relative to that of other quarters, more importantly, if this type of earnings risk is unique. Further, the authors discuss solutions to mitigate this type of information risk.

Design/methodology/approach

This study provides evidence that the information risk associated with FYE quarter earnings cannot be explained by other identified risk factors. Solutions to mitigate this risk include strong corporate governance and a more streamlined financial reporting structure.

Findings

The paper shows that there is significantly lower earnings response coefficient for FYE quarters than for non-FYE quarters (1984–2015). Furthermore, strong corporate governance and a more streamlined financial reporting structure, either by firms willingly reducing the usage of extraordinary item reporting or by FASB codification changes such as FASB 145, can help mitigate this type of information uncertainty.

Research limitations/implications

This study explains that the causes of the exacerbated information risk associated with FYE quarter earnings identified in prior literature, namely, the “integral explanation” and “manipulation explanation,” are not mutually exclusive. Therefore, the authors deem it futile to disentangle the two. Instead, the authors offer two possible solutions.
Toward a better understanding of social impact, CSR reporting and firm performance: a look at the ASEAN banking industry
Authors: Tandelilin Eduardus , Usman Berto
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the relationship between social impact, corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting and firm performance in the context of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) banking industry, providing insight into CSR-performance nexus debate, especially for non-environmentally sensitive industry (NESI).

Design/methodology/approach

We use a sample of 27 publicly listed banks in five ASEAN member countries (i.e. Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines and Thailand), with the period of observations ranged from 2011 to 2019 year. This study also carefully accounts for endogeneity issues and the dynamics of social impact – CSR reporting – bank financial performance relationship.

Findings

The results show that social impact (performance) and CSR reporting negatively associate with bank performance, either measured by accounting performance or market performance. The negative association between social performance and bank financial performance also persists in a longer-term relationship. This result implies that social performance and CSR might not have the expected result for banks in ASEAN developing countries and the expected effect also does not manifest in the following periods.

Practical implications

The negative association between social performance and financial performance implies that banks’ CSR in ASEAN might be misstargeted or that it takes more time to manifest the expected outcome. Therefore, banks should be able to foresee if social investment will finally offset the opportunity cost from diverting financial resources away from their core activities. On the other hand, policymakers must standardize the reporting related to social activities for banks and should bring the environmental and social issues to the depositors’ attention to show that these issues are also relevant in the banking industry.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first to provide empirical evidence on the direct relationship between social impact, CSR reporting and firm performance in the context of ASEAN’s NESI. The results should be of potential interest value to ASEAN’s banks, regulators and shareholders.
No time like the present: Mindfulness, temporality and the therapeutics of kairos
Authors: Wheater Kitty
Published: April 2022

While mindfulness is often portrayed as attention to the present moment, this article investigates its variable temporality in social practice. Using the example of mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT), designed to prevent relapse in recurring depression, mindfulness emerges as an ‘instantly effective’ intervention; as a discipline to be practised for one's future health; and as a perennial property of human attention, to be experienced in any present moment. Demonstrating that these entail different obligations and possibilities for mindfulness practitioners, I analyze the therapeutic timeliness of temporalization itself – arguing that there is a right time to live by certain notions of time.
Insect industrialization and prospect in commerce: A case of China
Authors: Chen Xiaoming , Chen Hang , Zhao Min , Yang Zixiang , Feng Ying
Published: April 2022

Insects are the largest biological group on the earth, characterized by high biodiversity, easy rearing, and large populations. The utilization of insects in China has a long history and some insect species have contributed to the formation of characteristic industries. Insect products, such as silk and honey, are already familiar to the public; however, many beneficial insects and their products are not well known to most people, for example, lac insect and lac, gall aphid and Chinese gallnut, and insect wax. A new industry featuring the utilization and industrialization of insects has been rising in China. Chemically, insect products are used as raw materials; agriculturally, insects are utilized to pollinate crops for better yield; natural enemy insects have been reared to control pests; insect protein may be used for human food or animal feed; medicinally, chemical compounds may be extracted from insects as active ingredients for pharmaceutical usage; and ornamental butterfly has been applied in travel sightseeing. Insects' new purpose and function will be exploited as they gain recognition for their resources. This paper reviews insect industrialization in China and discusses the prospect of insect commerce in the future.
Linking lifestyle and foraging strategies of marine bacteria: selfish behaviour of particle‐attached bacteria in the northern Adriatic Sea
Authors: Manna Vincenzo , Zoccarato Luca , Banchi Elisa , Arnosti Carol , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Celussi Mauro
Published: April 2022

Microbe‐mediated enzymatic hydrolysis of organic matter entails the production of hydrolysate, the recovery of which may be more or less efficient. The selfish uptake mechanism, recently discovered, allows microbes to hydrolyze polysaccharides and take up large oligomers, which are then degraded in the periplasmic space. By minimizing the hydrolysate loss, selfish behaviour may be profitable for free‐living cells dwelling in a patchy substrate landscape. However, selfish uptake seems to be tailored to algal‐derived polysaccharides, abundant in organic particles, suggesting that particle‐attached microbes may use this strategy. We tracked selfish polysaccharides uptake in surface microbial communities of the northeastern Mediterranean Sea, linking the occurrence of this processing mode with microbial lifestyle. Additionally, we set up fluorescently labelled polysaccharides incubations supplying phytodetritus to investigate a ‘pioneer’ scenario for particle‐attached microbes. Under both conditions, selfish behaviour was almost exclusively carried out by particle‐attached microbes, suggesting that this mechanism may represent an advantage in the race for particle exploitation. Our findings shed light on the selfish potential of particle‐attached microbes, suggesting multifaceted foraging strategies exerted by particle colonizers.
Editorial: clinical impact of sofosbuvir renal toxicity—more light on the way
Authors: Hernández‐Conde Marta , Calleja José Luis
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Sulkowski et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16830
Editorial: some of the obstacles in managing mood disorders in IBD
Authors: Bernstein Charles N. , Ma Christopher
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Jayasooriya et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16820
Editorial: is there a role for monitoring intermediate anti‐TNF drug concentrations in IBD?
Authors: Rakowsky Shana , Cheifetz Adam S. , Papamichael Konstantinos
Published: April 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Roblin et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16852 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16893
Hegemonic masculinities in the ‘Manosphere’: A thematic analysis of beliefs about men and women on The Red Pill and Incel
Authors: Vallerga Michael , Zurbriggen Eileen L.
Published: April 2022

Websites, blogs, and message boards of the “manosphere” are dedicated to a worldview that celebrates hegemonic masculinity and decries feminism. In a reflexive thematic analysis of 227 posts (389,189 words) from two manosphere message boards (The Red Pill and Incel), we analyzed how posters viewed women and men. We found that beliefs about women and men formed an ideology comprised of (a) evolution‐based views of gender essentialism, (b) an informal psychology of women's motivations, and (c) a typology of men. Women were seen as having three primary motives: to deceive and manipulate men, to promiscuously satisfy their own sexual needs, and to trade sex for power. Men were seen as falling into two (The Red Pill) or three (Incel) types: alpha men who are attractive, powerful, and sexually successful, beta men who give to women as their only route to sexual interactions, and incel (involuntarily celibate) men who are too unattractive to achieve sexual success. Posters acted on these beliefs either to improve themselves (The Red Pill) or give up on life and endorse suicide and/or violence (Incel). We discuss these beliefs and actions in relation to theories of sexual aggression, the psychology of radicalization, and the American Psychological Association's Guidelines for Psychological Practice with Boys and Men.
Similarity and consistency assessment of three major online drug–drug interaction resources
Authors: Kontsioti Elpida , Maskell Simon , Bensalem Amina , Dutta Bhaskar , Pirmohamed Munir
Published: April 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to explore the level of agreement on drug–drug interaction (DDI) information listed in three major online drug information resources (DIRs) in terms of: (1) interacting drug pairs; (2) severity rating; (3) evidence rating; and (4) clinical management recommendations.

Methods

We extracted information from the British National Formulary (BNF), Thesaurus and Micromedex. Following drug name normalisation, we estimated the overlap of the DIRs in terms of DDI. We annotated clinical management recommendations either manually, where possible, or through application of a machine learning algorithm.

Results

The DIRs contained 51 481 (BNF), 38 037 (Thesaurus) and 65 446 (Micromedex) drug pairs involved in DDIs. The number of common DDIs across the three DIRs was 6970 (13.54% of BNF, 18.32% of Thesaurus and 10.65% of Micromedex). Micromedex and Thesaurus overall showed higher levels of similarity in their severity ratings, while the BNF agreed more with Micromedex on the critical severity ratings and with Thesaurus on the least significant ones. Evidence rating agreement between BNF and Micromedex was generally poor. Variation in clinical management recommendations was also identified, with some categories (i.e., Monitor and Adjust dose) showing higher levels of agreement compared to others (i.e., Use with caution, Wash‐out, Modify administration).

Conclusions

There is considerable variation in the DDIs included in the examined DIRs, together with variability in categorisation of severity and clinical advice given. DDIs labelled as critical were more likely to appear in multiple DIRs. Such variability in information could have deleterious consequences for patient safety, and there is a need for harmonisation and standardisation.
Rejoinder to the discussions of “Spatial+: A novel approach to spatial confounding”
Authors: Dupont Emiko , Wood Simon N. , Augustin Nicole H.
Published: April 2022

In this rejoinder, we set out some of the main points that we took from the discussions of our paper “Spatial+: A novel approach to spatial confounding.” The comments provided by the discussants include excellent questions and suggestions for extensions and improvements to spatial+. The discussions also highlight the growing interest in understanding spatial confounding, underpinned by the many recent contributions to the literature on this topic.
Efficacy and safety of the direct oral anti‐coagulants in patients with cerebral vein thrombosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Riva Nicoletta , Galea Francesca , Buhagiar Isaac , Gatt Alex , Calleja‐Agius Jean
Published: April 2022

Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are the standard oral anti‐coagulant treatment for patients with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). However, the direct oral anti‐coagulants (DOACs) started replacing VKAs also in this setting. We aimed to evaluate safety and efficacy of the DOACs for CVT treatment. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis (PROSPERO protocol registration number CRD42020191472). The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL were searched from inception to January 2022. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies, enrolling at least 10 adult patients with CVT treated with any DOACs. Twenty‐three studies were included, for a total of 618 CVT patients treated with DOACs (treatment duration range 3–12 months). Mortality rate was 1.76% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70%–3.24%;I2 = 0%; 5/428 patients, 18 studies]; major bleeding 2.41% (95% CI 1.26%–3.91%;I2 = 1.5%; 12/534 patients, 21 studies); recurrent thrombosis 2.05% (95% CI 1.04%–3.37%;I2 = 0%; 10/577 patients, 21 studies); excellent neurological outcome 85.9% (95% CI 79.0%–91.7%;I2 = 63.7%; 289/340 patients, 13 studies); vessel recanalisation 89.0% (95% CI 82.9%–93.9%;I2 = 62.7%; 316/359 patients, 16 studies). No significant differences emerged by study design (RCTs vs. observational studies) or by treatment (DOACs vs. VKAs). This systematic review showed that the DOACs might represent a reasonable oral anti‐coagulant treatment option for CVT patients.
Two decades of socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of untreated dental caries in early childhood: Results from three birth cohorts in southern Brazil
Authors: Karam Sarah Arangurem , Costa Francine dos Santos , Peres Karen G , Peres Marco A , Barros Fernando C , Bertoldi Andrea D , Santos Iná S , Tovo Luciana , Matijasevich Alicia , B Menezes Ana M , Gonçalves Helen , Correa Marcos Britto , Demarco Flávio Fernando
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To estimate the socioeconomic disparities in untreated dental caries in early childhood according to socioeconomic characteristics in three birth cohorts in Southern Brazil.

Methods

The socioeconomic data to this study were collected at the 48‐month follow‐up and oral health studies of 1993, 2004 and 2015 Pelotas birth cohort studies. The outcome was untreated dental caries in children aged 6 (1993 cohort), 5 (2004 cohort) and 4 years (2015 cohort), dichotomized into absence/presence. Analyses were stratified by maternal skin colour/race, maternal education and family income. For statistical purposes, the prevalence difference, relative risk and absolute and relative indices of health inequality (Slope Index of Inequality–SII and Concentration Index–CIX) were used.

Results

The prevalence of untreated dental caries in primary dentition was 63.4%, 45.5% and 15.6%, in 1993, 2004 and 2015 cohorts, respectively. The prevalence of untreated dental caries was concentrated in the poorest quintile and lower maternal education group in both absolute (SII) and relative (CIX) measures of inequality, being characterized as a pro‐poor event. A higher risk of untreated caries was found in the poorest quintile of family income compared with the richest quintile in the 1993 cohort (RR 1.44 [95% CI 1.05; 1.98]). That risk was higher considering the 2004 Cohort (RR 1.78 [95% CI 1.42; 2.23]) and 2015 cohort (RR 4.20 [95% CI 2.97; 5.94]) data.

Conclusions

Over the course of two decades, a higher prevalence of untreated dental caries is concentrated among the most socioeconomically deprived children.
Colon cancer treatment in Sweden during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A nationwide register‐based study
Authors: Eklöv Karolina , Nygren Jonas , Bringman Sven , Löfgren Jenny , Sjövall Annika , Nordenvall Caroline , Everhov Åsa H.
Published: April 2022

Aim

The COVID‐19 pandemic has reduced the capacity to diagnose and treat cancer worldwide due to the prioritization of COVID‐19 treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate treatment and outcomes of colon cancer in Sweden before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

In an observational study, using the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry, we included (i) all Swedish patients diagnosed with colon cancer, and (ii) all patients undergoing surgery for colon cancer, in 2016–2020. Incidence of colon cancer, treatments and outcomes in 2020 were compared with 2019.

Results

The number of colon cancer cases in Sweden in April–May 2020 was 27% lower than the previous year, whereas no difference was observed on an annual level (4,589 vs. 4,763 patients [−4%]). Among patients with colon cancer undergoing surgery in 2020, the proportion of resections was 93 vs. 94% in 2019, with no increase in acute resections. Time from diagnosis to elective surgery decreased (29 days vs. 33 days in 2020 vs. 2019). In 2020, more patients underwent a two‐stage procedure with a diverting stoma as first surgery (6.1%) vs. (4.4%) in 2019 (p = 0.0020) and more patients were treated with preoperative chemotherapy (5.1%) vs. (3,5%) 2019 (p = 0.0016). The proportion of patients that underwent laparoscopic surgery increased from 54% to 58% (p = 0.0017) There were no differences in length of stay, surgical complications, reoperation, ICU‐stay or 30‐day mortality between the years.

Conclusion

Based on nationwide annual data, we did not observe adverse effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on colon cancer treatment and short time outcomes in Sweden.
Economic shocks and clinging
Authors: Strain Michael R. , Veuger Stan
Published: April 2022

We test whether the economic effects of globalization change the social and political attitudes of white Americans. Specifically, we examine the effect of a local labor market's exposure to import competition brought about by the rapid changes in the Chinese economy from 1990 to 2007 on perceptions of immigrants, minorities, religion and guns. We do not find meaningful changes in aggregate attitudes. Instead, using detailed information from the General Social Survey, we find evidence of significant hardening of existing attitudes or “clinging” to long‐standing beliefs.
How many cooperators are too many? Foundress number, reproduction and sex ratio in a quasi‐social parasitoid
Authors: Malabusini Serena , Hardy Ian C. W. , Jucker Costanza , Savoldelli Sara , Lupi Daniela
Published: April 2022

In the parasitoid genusSclerodermus, multiple foundresses produce and care for communal broods on large hosts, which can lead to greater reproductive success for group members than attempting to reproduce alone.

We explore the consequences of foundress group size on the benefits of cooperative brooding and on brood sex ratios by providing groups of 10–55 foundresses with a single host and no alternative reproductive options.

Within this range, increasing foundress group size leads to increasingly common failure in brood production and diminishedper capitasuccess. Group production of adult offspring declines once foundress number reaches around 25.

Brood failure is usually at the early developmental stages, and current evidence suggests that there may be competition among foundresses for oviposition sites, possibly involving reproductive dominance and ovicide, which also delays initial brood production. Once broods become established, their rate of development is enhanced by large foundress numbers.

The sex ratios of broods are very strongly female biased, irrespective of the foundress number. As this bias is not easily explained by standard models of local mate competition or by a recent model of local resource enhancement, we suggest an explanation based on control of sex allocation by a minority of dominant foundresses, which monopolise the production of adult males.
Lignin nanoparticles containing essential oils for controlling Phytophthora cactorum diseases
Authors: Vettraino Anna Maria , Zikeli Florian , Scarascia Mugnozza Giuseppe , Vinciguerra Vittorio , Tabet Dania , Romagnoli Manuela
Published: April 2022

Phytophthora cactorum is a plant pathogen affecting a wide range of hosts, causing economically damaging diseases, such as damping off and root rot, in fields and nurseries. Current plant protection strategies are often inadequate to control Phytophthora diseases. Hence, an attempt was made to evaluate the potential of a novel control method using lignin nanoparticles loaded with essential oil of Thymus serpyllum (EO‐LNPs) for controlling P. cactorum infections on Pinus nigra in vitro and greenhouse conditions. Nanoparticles were characterized by Py‐GCMS and the drug efficiency, and drug loading capacity were determined using HPLC. T. serpyllum essential oils (EOs) were characterized by gas chromatography (GC‐FID and GC‐MS). Under in vitro conditions, the median effective concentration (EC50) values were 20.453 and 88.711 μg/ml, for EOs and EO‐LNPs, respectively. Furthermore, in vivo tests revealed that thyme EOs and EO‐LNPs were very effective in reducing the mortality of inoculated pine seedlings, with an inhibition rate of 93% and 100%, respectively. Results reported in this study open the possibility of using EO‐LNPs for improving plant health in greenhouse settings. The design of new protection strategies relying on lignin nanoparticles conforms to the principles of the circular economy.
Development of the French version of the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale in a non‐clinical sample of young adults
Authors: Livet Audrey , Pétrin‐Pomerleau Philippe , Pocuca Nina , Afzali Mohammad H. , Potvin Stephane , Conrod Patricia J.
Published: April 2022

Background

In accordance with continuum and cognitive behaviour models of psychosis, cognitive biases precede the onset and the maintenance of positive symptoms. The Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS), a self‐report measure, was developed to explore the prevalence of specific cognitive biases. This study aims to validate the French version of this instrument.

Methods

We first translated the English version of the DACOBS into French. Then, using a sample of 213 French speaking young adults (mean age = 20.54, SD = 1.65; 83% females), we examined the factor structure, internal consistency, concurrent, and convergent validities of the current version.

Results

We found an 18‐item, four‐factor version of the French DACOBS comprising external attribution bias (five items), social cognition problems (five items), subjective cognition problems (five items), and safety behaviours (five items), provided best fit‐to‐data. Internal consistency for the resulting subscales ranged from acceptable to excellent (Cronbach's α range = .62–.86). All subscales were significantly, positively associated with a measure of psychotic‐like experiences and positively associated with established measures of theoretically relevant constructs, demonstrating concurrent and convergent validity of the French DACOBS.

Conclusions

The French DACOBS is a reliable and valid and reliable instrument assessing cognitive biases, in a French‐speaking youth population. Ultimately, the French DACOBS may be used to identify at‐risk youth which may benefit from cognitive interventions targeting cognitive biases, safety behaviours and social cognition which could potentially prevent transition to psychosis in youth.
Genomic insights into the genotype–environment mismatch and conservation units of a Qinghai–Tibet Plateau endemic cypress under climate change
Authors: Yang Heng , Li Jialiang , Milne Richard Ian , Tao Wenjing , Wang Yi , Miao Jibin , Wang Wentao , Ju Tsam , Tso Sonam , Luo Jian , Mao Kangshan
Published: April 2022

Habitat loss induced by climate warming is a major threat to biodiversity, particularly to threatened species. Understanding the genetic diversity and distributional responses to climate change of threatened species is critical to facilitate their conservation and management. Cupressus gigantea, a rare conifer found in the eastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) at 3000–3600 m.a.s.l., is famous for its largest specimen, the King Cypress, which is >55 m tall. Here, we obtained transcriptome data from 96 samples of 10 populations covering its whole distribution and used these data to characterize genetic diversity, identify conservation units, and elucidate genomic vulnerability to future climate change. After filtering, we identified 145,336, 26,103, and 2833 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the whole, putatively neutral, and putatively adaptive datasets, respectively. Based on the whole and putatively neutral datasets, we found that populations from the Yalu Tsangpo River (YTR) and Nyang River (NR) catchments could be defined as separate management units (MUs), due to distinct genetic clusters and demographic histories. Results of gradient forest models suggest that all populations of C. gigantea may be at risk due to the high expected rate of climate change, and the NR MU had a higher risk than the YTR MU. This study deepens our understanding of the complex evolutionary history and population structure of threatened tree species in extreme environments, such as dry river valleys above 3000 m.a.s.l. in the QTP, and provides insights into their susceptibility to global climate change and potential for adaptive responses.
Climate‐driven range expansion through anthropogenic landscapes: Landscape connectivity matters
Authors: Maes Dirk , Van Dyck Hans
Published: April 2022

This is a commentary on Hodgson et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16220
Dietary specialization mirrors Rapoport’s rule in European geometrid moths
Authors: Seifert Carlo L. , Strutzenberger Patrick , Hausmann Axel , Fiedler Konrad
Published: April 2022

Aim

Latitudinal clines in dietary specialization and range size are used to explain biodiversity distributions at large spatial scales, such as the latitudinal diversity gradient. The aim of this study was to test whether dietary breadth (as a dimension of niche breadth) and range size decrease towards lower latitudes in a species‐rich clade of herbivorous insects as predicted by the latitude–niche breadth hypothesis and Rapoport’s rule, respectively. We also aimed to study whether these species characteristics are positively linked with each other as stated by the niche breadth–range size hypothesis.

Location

Europe (35–71° N).

Time period

Present‐day.

Major taxa

Geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae).

Methods

For every species, we compiled information on latitudinal distribution and host‐plant use based on available literature and online sources. We estimated the level of fundamental dietary specialization of each species while accounting for phylogenetic relationships among the host plants used. We also reconstructed a phylogeny including all studied moth taxa, in order to control for phylogenetic dependence in species characteristics. Phylogenetic least squares (PGLS) analyses were used to test each of our hypotheses.

Results

We analysed 631 species of geometrids (85.2% of taxa within the biogeographical region) and found strong support for the latitude–niche breadth hypothesis and for Rapoport’s rule. Fundamental dietary breadth was also found to be positively related to latitudinal range size, which supports the niche breadth–range size hypothesis. These results were retained when the subfamilies Ennominae and Larentiinae were analysed separately.

Main conclusions

Our findings indicate that latitudinal clines in range size and fundamental dietary breadth covary in European geometrid moths and are likely to be drivers of increased species richness towards lower latitudes. This supports the idea that both characteristics should be studied simultaneously in order to unveil mechanisms structuring biodiversity patterns at the macroecological scale.
In situ formation of mullite strengthened SiC porous ceramics via gelcasting with high strength and good alkali resistance
Authors: Chang Zixuan , Li Zihe , Liu Xinran , Zhang Xu , Xiao Shikang , Tian Yuhang , Li Aijun , Zhang Jingde , Li Jianzhang , Han Guifang
Published: April 2022

Mullite‐bonded porous SiC ceramics sintered in air by gelcasting are still challenges due to the high porosity induced severe oxidation of SiC, which results in the formation of large amount of detrimental cristobalite phase. Here in this work, small amounts of Y2O3 and CaF2 were added in SiC and Al(OH)3 raw materials as sintering additives for the in situ growth of mullite reinforcement. This additive system promoted the reaction between oxidation‐derived SiO2 from SiC and Al2O3 decomposed from Al(OH)3 to mullite phase. Almost no cristobalite phase was detected when sintered at 1450℃/2 h with CaF2 addition of more than 2.0 wt%. Mullite whisker reinforcement was in situ formed due to the gas reaction mechanism caused by CaF2 addition. Thus obtained porous SiC ceramics exhibited a flexural strength of 67.6 MPa at porosity of 41.3%, which maintained exceeding 36 MPa after 8 h corrosion in 10 wt% NaOH 80℃ solution, being the best performance up to now. This high performance of porous SiC was attributed to the additive induces proper phase control and in situ formation of whisker‐like mullite reinforcement.
Recrystallization sintering and characterization of composite powders composed of two types of SiC with dissimilar particle sizes
Authors: Huang Zhiliang , Sun Wenyue , Wang Chengchong , Chen Changlian , Huang Jiangsheng , Chen Song , Hu Pu
Published: April 2022

Pure silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics were prepared through recrystallization sintering by using two types of SiC powder, with different particle sizes, as the raw materials. The effects of the fine powder content on the bulk density, porosity, flexural strength, and grain morphology were investigated. In the synthesis process, silicon nitride (Si3N4) was used as the sintering additive that decomposed and transformed into SiC to promote the growth of SiC grains. The added fine powder was exploited in the evaporation and condensation process and grain amalgamation caused by the movement of the grain boundaries. Thus, a dissimilar fine powder content modulated the microstructure and mechanical strength of the SiC ceramics. The results indicate that the bulk density and flexural strength increase to a maximum of 2.12 g/cm3, 44.2 MPa, respectively, when the fine powder content is 40 wt.%. Three kinds of grain morphologies, that is, uniform equiaxed grains, round, equiaxed grains, and hexagonal platelet grains, and the maximum average pore size (3.62 μm) are obtained when the fine powder content is between 0 wt.% and 60 wt.%. In addition, the main crystal phase 6H‐SiC is partially converted to 4H‐SiC when the fine powder content is up to 60 wt.%.
Proactive discontinuation of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis after urethroplasty
Authors: Hanasaki Takeshi , Kanematsu Akihiro , Yamamoto Shingo
Published: April 2022

Objective

We aimed to examine the clinical significance of an antimicrobial administration protocol, in which postoperative prophylaxis was proactively discontinued.

Methods

We included 81 adult urethroplasties performed at our institution in the study. Preoperative bacteriuria was treated using an appropriate antimicrobial agent 2–5 days before surgery. All patients were treated with intravenous antimicrobial agents until postoperative day 2, and thereafter without prophylaxis. Antibiotics were resumed from the day before the urethrogram for urethral catheter removal, 2–3 weeks postoperatively. The relationships between pre‐ and postoperative positive urine culture and postoperative infectious complications, along with factors influencing surgical success rate were examined retrospectively.

Results

Of the 81 patients, 60 underwent anastomotic repair and 21 underwent substitution repair. Positive preoperative urine cultures were more frequent in patients having suprapubic cystostomy tube than in those without (P < 0.0001), but such a difference was not noted postoperatively between the two groups, and approximately half of the patients had a positive urine culture postoperatively. Wound infections and symptomatic urinary tract infections rates were 3.7% and 2.5%, respectively, similar to previous studies with longer prophylaxis, and no significant correlation was noted with pre‐ and postoperative positive urine culture, treated by this antibiotic protocol. The overall clinical and objective success rates were 96.3% and 79.0%, respectively, and no significant impact of pre‐ or postoperative positive urine culture was noted. The only significant parameter for objective success was patient age.

Conclusion

Perioperative management of urethroplasty is feasible using the antimicrobial protocol described in this study.
Impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission‐based precautions on inpatient management of general medical patients
Authors: Stratton Hayley , Buntine Paul , Ng Reginald Bo Ren , Fu Joy Jiayu , Joshi Neetima , Yip Gary , Guy Stephen , Chean Roy , Newnham Evan , Lau Jillian S. Y.
Published: April 2022

This audit reviewed the impact on access to routine medical care and adverse outcomes in patients with suspected SARS‐CoV‐2 infection managed on a ‘COVID‐19’ (CV) ward compared with a general medicine ward at Box Hill Hospital, Victoria. Data were collected at two time points to capture changes associated with onsite testing. We found no healthcare delays from admission to CV wards and observed faster exits from CV wards with improved testing efficiency. This critical finding is relevant as Victoria manages a third wave of infections.
Layers, broiler chickens and their F1 cross develop distinctly different caecal microbial communities when hatched and reared together
Authors: Willson Nicky-Lee , Hughes Robert J. , Hynd Philip I. , Forder Rebecca E. A.
Published: April 2022

Aim

To compare the caecal microbiota of layer, broiler, and intermediate F1 layer × broiler cross birds with the hypothesis that significant differences in caecal microbial composition would persist between the three groups when host and environmental interactions were minimized.

Methods and Results

Caecal contents were characterized using 16S rRNA for males of broiler (n = 12), layer (n = 12) and F1 layer × broiler cross (n = 9) birds that were hatched and reared under the same conditions. The microbial community structure differed significantly between the three groups of birds at phylum, genus and OTU levels, with clear separation of the groups observed. Firmicutes was the phylum most represented across samples; however, the high abundance of Proteobacteria in the layer birds at d28 post-hatch was unexpected, and driven by a higher abundance of E. coli.

Conclusions

The microbiota phylotype between broilers, layers and their F1 cross significantly differed in community structure, diversity and relative abundance in the absence of environmental confounding, which is generally difficult to avoid in microbial studies.

Significance and Impact of Study

The results provide a unique comparison and evidence that there is a strong genetic component driving microbial composition within poultry strains, despite the embryonic development occurring in ovo.
Stereotype content of occupational groups in Germany
Authors: Friehs Maria‐Therese , Aparicio Lukassowitz Felicia , Wagner Ulrich
Published: April 2022

The stereotype content model (SCM) is a prominent model of social perception proposing two dimensions of evaluation: Warmth and competence. Occupational stereotypes have rarely been assessed in this model, especially in the German context, albeit their important impact on how individuals experience gainful occupation and navigate everyday social interactions. Responding to recent methodological critiques regarding the SCM's scale performance, we developed a context‐adapted, well‐performing German‐language SCM scale and assessed warmth and competence ratings of 13 occupational groups in a heterogeneous sample (N = 425). Using the alignment optimization procedure to allow for more reliable latent mean value comparisons, we found occupational stereotypes to differ substantially on both dimensions, with Firefighters presenting the most favorable and Politicians and Unemployed people showing the least favorable evaluations. We discuss our findings in terms of their content‐wise and methodological meaning as well as their implications for research and in occupational contexts.
Cardioneuroablation for vasovagal syncope and atrioventricular block: A step‐by‐step guide
Authors: Aksu Tolga , Gupta Dhiraj , D'Avila Andre , Morillo Carlos A.
Published: April 2022

Catheter‐based cardioneuroablation is increasingly being utilized to improve outcomes in patients with vasovagal syncope and atrioventricular block due to vagal hyperactivity. There is now increasing convergence among enthusiasts on its various aspects, including patient selection, technical steps, and procedural end‐points. This pragmatic review aims to take the reader through a step‐by‐step approach to cardioneuroablation: we begin with a brief overview of the anatomy of intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system, before focusing on the indications, preprocedure and postprocedure management, necessary equipment, and its potential limitations.
Longitudinal QTc stability and impact of baseline cardiac rhythm on discharge dose in dofetilide‐treated patients
Authors: Khan Zeryab A. , LaBreck Megan E. , Luli Jordan , Roberts Chelsea , Smith Alexander , El‐Zein Rayan , Tyler Jaret D. , Fu Eugene Y. , Billakanty Sreedhar R. , Amin Anish K. , Chopra Nagesh
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Dofetilide suppresses atrial fibrillation (AF) in a dose‐dependent fashion. The protective effect of AF against QTc prolongation induced torsades de pointe and transient post‐cardioversion QTc prolongation may result in dofetilide under‐dosing during initiation. Thus, the optimal timing of cardioversion for AF patients undergoing dofetilide initiation to optimize discharge dose remains unknown as does the longitudinal stability of QTc. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of baseline rhythm on dofetilide dosing during initiation and assess the longitudinal stability of QTc‐all (Bazzett, Fridericia, Framingham, and Hodges) over time.

Methods

Medical records of patients who underwent preplanned dofetilide loading at a tertiary care center between January 2016 and 2019 were reviewed.

Results

A total of 198 patients (66 ± 10 years, 32% female, CHADS2‐Vasc 3 [2–4]) presented for dofetilide loading in either AF (59%) or sinus rhythm (SR) (41%). Neither presenting rhythm, nor spontaneous conversion to SR impacted discharge dose. The cumulative dofetilide dose before cardioversion moderately correlated (r = .36; p = .0001) with discharge dose. Postcardioversion QTc‐all prolongation (p < .0001) prompted discharge dose reduction (890 ± 224 mcg vs. 552 ± 199 mcg; p < .0001) in 30% patients. QTc‐all in SR prolonged significantly during loading (p < .0001). All patients displayed QTc‐all reduction (p < .0001) from discharge to short‐term (46 [34–65] days) that continued at long‐term (360 [296–414] days) follow‐ups. The extent of QTc‐all reduction over time moderately correlated with discharge QTc‐all (r = .54–0.65; p < .0001).

Conclusion

Dofetilide initiation before cardioversion is equivalent to initiation during SR. Significant QTc reduction proportional to discharge QTc is seen over time in all dofetilide‐treated patients. QTc returns to preloading baseline during follow‐up in patients initiated in SR.
Effects of combined high pressure and temperature on solubility, foaming, and rheological properties of soy 11S globulin
Authors: Xie Jing‐Jie , Li Yan‐Ping , Qu Xiao‐Qing , Kang Zhuang‐Li
Published: April 2022

This study examines the effects of combined high pressure (0.1, 200, and 400 MPa) and temperature (25 and 50°C) on the solubility, aggregation, conformation, foaming, emulsifying capacity, and rheological properties of soy 11S globulin. The foaming stability, particle size, free sulfhydryl groups content, emulsifying activity, emulsifying stability, and shear stress of soy 11S globulin were decreased significantly (p ≤ .05) compared with that of 0.1 MPa‐treated sample, but the solubility, surface hydrophobicity, foaming capacity, and apparent viscosity were increased significantly (p ≤ .05), except the sample treated at 400 MPa and 50 ± 2°C. The solubility, surface hydrophobicity and free sulfhydryl groups content of soy 11S globulin decreased significantly (p ≤ .05) with increasing pressure and temperature, which caused the decrease of the foaming capacity, emulsifying activity, emulsifying stability, shear stress, and apparent viscosity. Overall, the use of high‐pressure and thermal treatments combined could change the foaming, emulsifying, and rheological properties of soy 11S globulin through the increase/decrease of protein solubility, aggregation, surface hydrophobicity, and free sulfhydryl groups content.

Practical applications

This study provides a method of high‐pressure and thermal treatments combined, which can change the solubility, foaming, and rheological properties soy 11S globulin, and its use should be expanded in food processing.