bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-isothermal falling film flows with variable viscosity
Authors: Φύσσας Νικόλαος
Published: September 2024

Η παρούσα διατριβή πραγματεύεται την ανάλυση και αριθμητική προσομοίωση ροών ρευστού μικρού πάχους με μεταβλητό ιξώδες σε θερμαινόμενες κεκλιμένες επιφάνειες απείρου μήκους που ρέουν υπό την επιρροή βαρυτικού πεδίου. Διερευνώνται δύο συνθήκες θέρμανσης επιπέδου: ομοιόμορφη και ανομοιόμορφη. Εξετάζεται η μεταφορά θερμότητας σε ιξωδοελαστικό ρευστό με μεταβλητό ιξώδες που ρέει σε ομοιόμορφα θερμαινόμενο επίπεδο. Το πλαστικό ιξώδες μοντελοποιείται βάσει του μοντέλου Oldroyd-B, ενώ το Νευτωνικό ιξώδες εξαρτάται από την θερμοκρασία. Η μαθηματική περιγραφή του συστήματος απαιτεί την αριθμητική επίλυση της εξίσωσης ενέργειας και εξισώσεων κίνησης. Εν συνεχεία, προβλήματα που αφορούν Νευτωνικά ρευστά σε ανομοιόμορφα θερμαινόμενες επιφάνειες εξετάζονται. Η μεταφορά θερμότητας και η ρεολογική συμπεριφορά μοντελοποιούνται με χρήση μεγάλου μήκους κύματος για μικρούς αριθμούς Brinkman, οδηγεί σε σύστημα εκφυλισμένων συνήθων διαφορικών εξισώσεων. Αναλυτικές λύσεις για τα πεδία ταχύτητας, θερμοκρασίας και μορφής επιφανείας παράγονται για την βασική ροή και επόμενη τάξη. Ακολουθούν αριθμητικές προσομοιώσεις για πλήθος συνθηκών θέρμανσης, σκιαγραφώντας την συνεισφορά κάθε παραμέτρου στα πεδία ταχύτητας, θερμοκρασίας ρευστού και παραμόρφωσης της επιφανείας. Συνεχίζουμε με την αριθμητική επίλυση συστημάτων ρευστών σε ήπια θερμαινόμενες επιφάνειες για μηδενικά αλλά και τυχαίες τιμές του αριθμού Brinkman, επιλύοντας συστήματα μερικών διαφορικών εξισώσεων. Η γραμμική ευστάθεια συστήματος ροών, ρευστού με ιξώδες εξαρτώμενο από την θερμοκρασία σε ομοιόμορφα θερμαινόμενη κεκλιμένη πλάκα απείρου μήκους εξετάζεται. Εξάγονται οι εξισώσεις περιγραφής συστήματος: το μη ισόθερμο ανάλογο της Orr-Sommerfeld συζευγμένου της εξίσωσης ενέργειας. Επιλύεται αναλυτικά το σύστημα για μικρές τιμές μήκους κύματος, και αριθμητικά για τυχαίες τιμές αυτού. Τέλος, ακολουθεί επαλήθευση των μοντέλων με άμεση σύγκριση με τις αναλυτικές λύσεις του ισόθερμου προβλήματος.
Εννοιολογική Αλλαγή στις Φυσικές Επιστήμες: Διερεύνηση της Επίδρασης Γνωστικών Μεταβλητών στη Συνεκτικότητα της Γνώσης των Παιδιών
Authors: Κανελλιά Ελένη , Σταμοβλάσης Δημήτριος
Published: September 2024

Σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας είναι να συνεισφέρει στην κατανόηση της φύσης της γνώσης των παιδιών πριν υιοθετήσουν την επιστημονική άποψη. Συγκεκριμένα, θα διερευνηθεί εάν οι προϋπάρχουσες αντιλήψεις για τα φυσικά φαινόμενα είναι συνεκτικές ή κατακερματισμένες, εάν η διαδικασία εννοιολογικής αλλαγής αποτελεί γραμμική ή μη-γραμμική διαδικασία και σε ποιο βαθμό αυτή μπορεί να εξηγηθεί από την επίδραση γνωσιακών μεταβλητών της Νεο-Πιαζέτειας Θεωρίας.  Επιπλέον, θα εφαρμοστούν προχωρημένες μέθοδοι στατιστικής ανάλυσης προκειμένου να αναδειχθούν ισχυρά επιστημονικά αποτελέσματα. Η παρούσα έρευνα αποτελεί μία καινοτόμο προσπάθεια, καθώς συμπεριλαμβάνει πιθανές προγνωστικές μεταβλητές και επανεξετάζει το συγκεκριμένο κρίσιμο ζήτημα με νέα μεθοδολογικά εργαλεία.
Διερεύνηση των Διασυνδέσεων STEM Πεδίων σε Διδακτική Ενότητα Νανοτεχνολογίας από Μελλοντικούς Εκπαιδευτικούς
Authors: Μπιτσάκη Χαρίκλεια , Σταύρου Δημήτρης
Published: September 2024

Σε μια διεπιστημονική STEM διδασκαλία η αναγνώριση εννοιών και μεθόδων που παρουσιάζουν κοινή ταυτότητα αλλά και διαφορετική δομή στα επιμέρους επιστημονικά πεδία είναι καίριας σημασίας. Στην παρούσα εργασία θα παρουσιαστούν έννοιες,  τεχνουργήματα και μέθοδοι που αναγνωρίζουν μελλοντικοί εκπαιδευτικοί ως διασυνοριακά αντικείμενα και τα χαρακτηριστικά αυτών σε μια STEM ενότητα Νανοεπιστήμης - Νανοτεχνολογίας που αναπτύχθηκε στα πλαίσια του ERASMUS+ προγράμματος “IDENTITIES”.  Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν δώδεκα μελλοντικοί εκπαιδευτικοί από τέσσερις χώρες (Ελλάδα, Ιταλία, Γαλλία και Ισπανία) με υπόβαθρο στα πεδία των Φυσικών Επιστημών, Μαθηματικών και Επιστήμης Υπολογιστών, οι οποίοι παρακολούθησαν ένα εβδομαδιαίο θερινό σχολείο για τη διεπιστημονική STEM προσέγγιση.
Ανάπτυξη - Εφαρμογή - Αξιολόγηση μιας Σειράς Ανοικτών Διαδικτυακών Μαθημάτων σχετικά με τη Διερευνητική Μάθηση, για Εκπαιδευτικούς Πρωτοβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης
Authors: Κυριακού Ιωάννα , Λεύκος Ιωάννης
Published: September 2024

Τα τελευταία χρόνια αρκετές μελέτες έχουν αναδείξει τη Διερευνητική Μάθηση (Inquiry Based Learning), ως μία από τις αποτελεσματικότερες παιδαγωγικές προσεγγίσεις στη διδασκαλία των Φυσικών Επιστημών. Παράλληλα, το Go-Lab (Global Online Science Labs for Inquiry Learning in Schools), έχει ως στόχο να διευκολύνει τη χρήση καινοτόμων τεχνολογιών μάθησης στην εκπαίδευση STEM, με ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στα διαδικτυακά εργαστήρια (Labs) και τη χρήση της διερευνητικής εκπαιδευτικής μεθόδου. Στη συγκεκριμένη εργασία επιχειρείται η περιγραφή και δημιουργία ενός προγράμματος επιμορφωτικής κατάρτισης στην διερευνητική μέθοδο διδασκαλίας με τη χρήση του Go-LAB. Συγκεκριμένα εστιάζεται στην επιμόρφωση εκπαιδευτικών πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης στη θεωρητική υποστήριξη και την εφαρμογή της διερευνητικής μεθόδου προσπαθώντας να αμβλύνει με αυτό τον τρόπο τις δυσκολίες που αντιμετωπίζουν, προτείνει καλές πρακτικές και διερευνά τους παράγοντες που επηρεάζουν τους εκπαιδευτικούς και τους αποτρέπουν από τη χρήση της στο πλαίσιο της εκπαιδευτικής διαδικασίας.
Πρακτικά 4ου Πανελλήνιου Συνεδρίου Νέων Ερευνητών/τριών Διδακτικής Φυσικών Επιστημών και Νέων Τεχνολογιών στην Εκπαίδευση
Authors: Ζουπίδης Αναστάσιος , Λεύκος Ιωάννης , Μολοχίδης Αναστάσιος , Πετρίδου Ελένη
Published: September 2024

Πρακτικά 4ου Πανελλήνιου Συνεδρίου Νέων Ερευνητών/τριών Διδακτικής Φυσικών Επιστημών και Νέων Τεχνολογιών στην Εκπαίδευση
Ο Ψυχρός Πόλεμος σε σχολικά βιβλία ιστορίας (2021-2022) και σε πρόσφατα προγράμματα σπουδών ιστορίας
Authors: Γατσωτής Παναγιώτης
Published: September 2024

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BMO and Dirichlet problem for semi-linear equations in the plane
Authors: Gutlyanskiĭ Vladimir , Nesmelova Olga , Ryazanov Vladimir , Yakubov Eduard
Published: September 2024

First we study the Dirichlet problem
${\rm{Re}}\omega(z)\to\varphi(\zeta)$ as $z\to\zeta,$ $z\in
D,\zeta\in \partial D,$ with continuous boundary data $\varphi
\colon \partial D\to\mathbb R$ for semi-linear Beltrami equations
$\omega_{\overline{z}}-\mu(z) \omega_z=\sigma (z)q({\rm Re}\omega(z))$.
We assume here that $D$ is an arbitrary bounded domain of the
complex plane $\mathbb C$, which is either simply connected or has
no boundary components degenerated to a single point, and that
the equations are locally uniform elliptic with possible
singularities at the boundary. For $\sigma\in L_p(D)$, $p> 2$, with
compact support, and continuous $q\colon \mathbb R\to\mathbb C$,
$q(t)/t\to 0$ as $t\to\infty$, we establish a series of effective
criteria for existence of solutions of the Dirichlet problem in
terms of BMO, FMO, Calderon-Zygmund, Lehto and Orlicz integral
means. We also establish representation and regularity of
these solutions. Then, we prove existence, representation and
regularity of weak solutions of the Dirichlet problem
$u(z)\to\varphi(\zeta)$ as $z\to\zeta,$ $z\in D,\zeta\in
\partial D,$ to semi-linear Poisson type equations ${\rm
div} [A(z)\nablau(z)] = g(z)Q(u(z))$ for $g\in L_p(D)$,
$p> 1$, with compact support, and continuous $Q:\mathbb R\to\mathbb
R$, $Q(t)/t\to 0$ as $t\to\infty$. We also assume here conditions on
the matrix coefficients $A(z)$ guaranteing locally uniform
ellipticity of these equations. Finally, we give examples of
possible applications of the obtained results to various semi-linear
equations of the mathematical physics in anisotropic and
inhomogeneous media.
High-Performance MoSe2-Based Photodetectors: Fabrication, Characterization, and Enhanced Photoconductive Response for Visible Light Sensing Applications
Authors: Hussain Saddam
Published: September 2024

The remarkable light absorption and electrical properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) make them highly suitable for the development of sensitive photodetectors. This study focuses on the optoelectronic properties of a few-layer MoSe2-based photodetector fabricated on a Sio2/Si substrate with Au/Cr electrodes. The device is designed to be responsive to light with a wavelength of 520 nm. The fabrication process involves exfoliating few-layer 2H-phase MoSe2 onto a silicon substrate coated with a 285 nm thick SiO2 dielectric layer, followed by the deposition of Au/Cr electrodes using electron-beam lithography and thermal evaporation techniques. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements confirm the MoSe2 layer thickness to be 8.6 nm, verifying the presence of a few layers. Electrical characterization reveals a pronounced photoconductive effect, with the current increasing as illumination power rises. The Ids-Vds characteristics display linearity, indicating good ohmic contact between MoSe2 and the Au/Cr electrodes. Transfer characteristics (Ids-Vg) measured under varying illumination intensities highlight the gate modulation's role in tuning the device's conductivity, with MoSe2 exhibiting n-type semiconductor behavior. The photodetector demonstrates a stable and reproducible photocurrent response during periodic light on/off switching, with rise and decay times of 0.3-0.4 s and 0.1-0.2 s, respectively, at 520 nm. These results underscore the robust photo responsiveness of MoSe2 and its potential for integration into advanced optoelectronic devices, such as phototransistors and light sensors.
Transport-of-intensity differential phase contrast imaging: defying weak object approximation and matched-illumination condition
Authors: Wang Jingfan , Zhao Xing , Wang Yan , Li Da
Published: September 2024

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has emerged as a promising label-free imaging technique with growing importance in biomedical research, optical metrology, materials science, and other fields. Partially coherent illumination provides resolution twice that of the coherent diffraction limit, along with improved robustness and signal-to-noise ratio, making it an increasingly significant area of study in QPI. Partially coherent QPI, represented by differential phase contrast (DPC), linearizes the phase-to-intensity transfer process under the weak object approximation (WOA). However, the nonlinear errors caused by WOA in DPC can lead to phase underestimation. Additionally, DPC requires strict matching of the illumination numerical aperture (NA) to ensure the complete transmission of low-frequency information. This necessitates precise alignment of the optical system and limits the flexible use of objective and illumination. In this study, the applicability of the WOA under different coherence parameters is explored, and a method to defy WOA by reducing the illumination NA is proposed. The proposed method uses the transport-of-intensity equation through an additional defocused intensity image to recover the lost low-frequency information due to illumination mismatch, without requiring any iterative procedure. This method overcomes the limitations of DPC being unable to recover large phase objects and does not require the strict illumination matching conditions. The accurate quantitative morphological characterization of customized artifact and microlens arrays that do not satisfy WOA under non-matched-illumination conditions demonstrated the precise quantitative capability of the proposed method and its excellent performance in the field of measurement. Meanwhile, the phase retrieval of tongue slices and oral epithelial cells demonstrated its application potential in the biomedical field. The ability to accurately recover phase under a concise and implementable optical setup makes it a promising solution for widespread application in various label-free imaging domains.
Integrated spectrally multiplexed light–matter interface at telecom band
Authors: Zhang Xueying , Zhang Bin , Wei Shihai , Li Hao , Liao Jinyu , Zhou Tao , Deng Guangwei , Wang You , Song Haizhi , You Lixing , Fan Boyu , Fan Yunru , Chen Feng , Guo Guangcan , Zhou Qiang
Published: September 2024

The light–matter interface is an important building block for long-distance quantum networks. Towards a scalable quantum network with high-rate quantum information processing, it requires to develop integrated light–matter interfaces with broadband and multiplexing capacities. Here we demonstrate a light–matter interface at the telecom band in an integrated system. A five-spectral-channel atomic-frequency-comb photonic memory is prepared on a laser-written Er3+:LiNbO3 chip. The bandwidth of each channel is 4 GHz with a channel spacing of 15 GHz. The signal photons from time-bin entangled photon pairs at the telecom band are sent into the on-chip memory and recalled after a storage time of 152 ns. The entanglement-preserving nature of our integrated quantum interface is assessed by an input/output fidelity of >92% for all five spectral channels. Our light–matter interfaces constitute a notable step forward toward a high-rate quantum network involving integrated devices.
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmed cell death ligand 1 blockade increases the effectiveness of interleukin-15 immunotherapy in a bovine leukemia model
Authors: Mukantayev Kanatbek , Tursunov Kanat , Adish Zhansaya , Kanayev Darkhan , Tokhtarova Laura , Nurtleu Malika , Abirbekov Bisultan
Published: September 2024

Background and Aim: Bovine interleukin 15 (bIL15) is a potential immunotherapy that can block the spread of bovine leukemia virus (BLV). However, immune checkpoints that maintain body homeostasis may reduce their effectiveness. Thus, an analysis of the effectiveness of bIL15 while blocking negative immune regulators is necessary. We aimed to obtain recombinant bIL15 (rbIL15) and determine its percentage using monoclonal antibodies against bovine cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). To achieve this goal, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy and BLV+ cattle were treated with bIL15 using a CTLA-4– and PD-L1–blocking algorithm.

Materials and Methods: The codon-optimized bIL15 gene was synthesized under de novo conditions using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The synthesized gene was cloned into pET28 and transformed into electrocompetent Escherichia coli BL21 cells; rbIL15 was purified using metal affinity chromatography and analyzed using sodium dodecyl-sulfate– polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blotting. The expression of the Bcl2, STAT3, and STAT5 genes was studied using qualitative PCR. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze interferon (IFN)-γ production by rbIL15-treated mononuclear cells.

Results: Analysis of rbIL15 using SDS-PAGE and western blotting revealed a specific product weighing 24 kDa. The optimal conditions for rbIL15 induction were 0.2 mM isopropyl-β-D-1-galactopyranoside and 37°C. When rbIL15 was added to PBMCs from healthy cattle, the Bcl2, STAT3, and STAT5 genes were expressed. ELISA of the culture medium of rbIL15-treated PBMCs revealed IFN-γ production. When PBMCs from healthy cows were treated with rbIL15, CTLA-4, and PD-L1 blockade together, they did not produce more IFN-γ than the rbIL15 group. Using PBMCs from BLV+ cattle, combination treatment increased IFN-γ production.

Conclusion: The biological activity of rbIL15 is characterized by the induction of transcription factors and the production of IFN-γ. Using rbIL15 with CTLA-4 and PD-L1 blockade in PBMCs from healthy and BLV+ cows led to the production of a transcription factor and cytokine. The results demonstrate the possibility of using this method to improve immunity and immunological memory in patients with chronic viral infections.

Keywords: bovine interleukin-15, bovine leukemia virus, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4, monoclonal antibody, programmed cell death ligand 1.
Ethnobotany of Artistic Plant Uses.
Authors: Marín Jon , Garnatje Teresa , Vallès Joan
Published: September 2024

Artistic uses of plants are rarely explored in ethnobotanical studies. However, in Baix Llobregat (Catalonia, NE Iberian Peninsula), seeds and other plant parts are utilized to create art expressions associated with agricultural fairs and promotion of local vegetal goods. The objective of this study is to catalog the plants used and evaluate the current vitality and importance of this cultural and social activity. The methodology employed involved semi-structured interviews and observation. We have identified two distinct types of artistic creations. A total of 65 taxa have been identified, primarily comprising locally cultivated species. The results of this research emphasize the enduring presence of ethnobotanical knowledge related to cultural uses and underscore the importance of its preservation.
Native Food Uses of Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Authors: Gonella Michael P. , Kindscher Kelly
Published: September 2024

Common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) is used as a food by numerous North American Indigenous groups, yet also considered a poisonous plant by chemists and others. The details of traditional, Indigenous preparation methods, which render it as an edible and culturally important food choice, are reported here, along with harvesting and tending methods. The specifics of these interactions between Indigenous groups and common milkweed not only allow consumption of this “poisonous” plant, but also appear to sustain the vigor of the species, making these details important for conservation of this traditional food.
A budapesti világörökségi helyszínek fenntartható turisztikai hasznosítása
Authors: Tőzsér Anett
Published: September 2024

A magyarországi világörökségek közül a budapesti világörökségi helyszínek vizsgálata került a kutatás középpontjába. Arra kerestem a választ, hogy a fenntartható turizmus alapelvei hogyan, milyen formában valósulnak meg a budapesti világörökségi helyszíneken. A fenti kérdéskör vizsgálatának megalapozásához 8 félig strukturált interjú készült a budapesti világörökségi helyszínek kezeléséért és menedzseléséért felelős szervezetek képviselőivel. A vizsgálat időszakában a Covid19-pandémia előtti vendégforgalom fokozatos elérése azt vetítette előre, hogy a világörökségi helyszíneken is újra visszatér a túlturizmus, ami veszélyeztetheti a fenntarthatóság szempontjait. Ebben a helyzetben
szükséges a hatékony látogatómenedzsment-eszközök alkalmazása (például a közlekedés optimalizálása, a hatékony bemutatóeszközök alkalmazása, a lakosság életminőségének javítása), amelyek bevezetésére és szervezésére a megkérdezett budapesti világörökségi helyszínek komoly lépéseket tettek és tesznek.
Investigation the plastic flows in the metal stamping-drawing process at the die corner
Authors: Onopchenko Anton V. , Kurin Maksym O. , Shyrokyi Yurii V. , Horbachov Oleksii O.
Published: September 2024

The present investigation covers the study of the influence of metal-plastic flow on the die corner for the deformed state of the blank and energy-power parameters during stamping-drawing. The influence of workpiece size and material on stress intensity and maximum deformation force has also been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. In addition, simulation of the stamping and drawing process was also presented. One type of die, with variations in diameter are considered different in the drawn part size and for each standard size four types of workpiece materials have been considered. The stamping process continued until the part failed structurally. The predicted test results show a dependence of the maximum load and stress intensity on both the diameter of the blank and the yield strength of the alloys and these data are in agreement with the actual measured values. Then, the method for calculating the processes of plastic deformation of metals based on a closed set of equations of continuum mechanics is proposed for the theoretical study of energy-power parameters of the technological processes. Comparison of the results of a full-scale experiment, simulation of metal flow at the die corner and theoretical calculations shows that the proposed theoretical model gives satisfactory results and can be effectively used for engineering calculations.
Einleitung
Authors: Witt Theresia , Herrmann Carmen , Mrohs Lorenz , Brodel Hannah , Lindner Konstantin , Maidanjuk Ilona
Published: September 2024

Diversität prägt und bereichert die Hochschulbildung, bringt jedoch die Herausforderung mit sich, Chancengleichheit durchgängig zu ermöglichen. Nicht zuletzt studentische Diversität hat in den letzten Jahren einen Wandel der Hochschulen und Universitäten angestoßen - insbesondere im Hinblick auf unterschiedliche Zugangsvoraussetzungen, Leistungs- und Belastbarkeitsniveaus. Diese und weitere Aspekte machen es notwendig, die diversitätsbezogenen Bedürfnisse von Studierenden stärker zu adressieren und aktive Partizipation zu ermöglichen. Genau hier können digitale Kulturen in Form von innovativen Lehr-, Lern-, Prüfungs- und Beratungsformaten sowie -methoden ansetzen, die einen potenzialorientierten Umgang mit Diversität in der Hochschullehre und zugleich ein anpassungsfähiges Hochschulstudium ermöglichen. Entsprechende Formate, Methoden oder Tools tragen - insbesondere im fächerübergreifenden Verbund - zu einer wissenschaftlich fundierten und idealerweise evidenzbasierten Entwicklung digitaler Kulturen der Lehre angesichts studentischer Vielfalt bei.
Jonglage mit zu vielen Bällen?!
Authors: Trapp Anne , Klewin Gabriele
Published: September 2024

Anne Trapp und Dr. Gabriele Klewin widmen sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage inwieweit es gelungen ist, Aspekte der Bereiche Digitalität und Diversität im Seminarkontext der Lehrer:innenbildung nicht nur zu thematisieren, sondern auch praktisch umzusetzen. Sie tun dies vor dem Hintergrund, dass sich (zukünftige) Lehrkräfte vielfältigen Anforderungen in den Bereichen Digitalität und Diversität gegenübergestellt sehen und diese bereits im Studium aufgegriffen werden müssen. Dies sollte, aus der Perspektive der Autor:innen, nicht allein auf inhaltlicher Ebene geschehen, sondern, im Sinne des pädagogischen Doppeldeckers auch in der Seminargestaltung selbst erkennbar sein.
Diversitätsorientiert lehren mit einer Open Source- Lösung für Medientranskripte (astAV)
Authors: Löw Patrick , Westerdick Marie , Groß-Elixmann Klara , Burdinski Dirk
Published: September 2024

Das Programm astAV (automatic speech recognition toolkit for Audio and Video) ist eine Open Source-Lösung zur Transkript- und Untertitelerstellung für Audio- und Videodateien. astAV wurde im Jahr 2020 als studentisches Projekt erarbeitet und wird seit 2021 kooperativ weiterentwickelt. Im Beitrag wird diskutiert, wie eine umfassende Digitialisierungsinitiative für Untertitelung diversitätsgerecht sowie ressourceneffizient umgesetzt werden kann. Die Genese des Programms verdeutlicht, wie die Gestaltung digitaler Kulturen an Hochschulen maßgeblich auch durch globale Schlüsselereignisse beeinflusst wird. So hat die Veröffentlichung der Sprachbibliothek Whisper durch OpenAI eine breite Implementierung von Spracherkennung weltweit ermöglicht.
Biodiversity in Mesoamerica from 1950 to the Present
Authors: Massieu Trigo Yolanda Cristina
Published: September 2024

El texto hace un recorrido de 1950 a la época actual por la situación de la biodiversidad en Mesoamérica, deteniéndose en México y algunos países centroamericanos. Se enfatiza la situación crítica de los recursos biológicos y los ecosistemas en el momento actual. Ello se contextualiza en la discusión teórica del antropoceno, reflexionando sobre la posibilidad del biocentrismo como alternativa, lo cual se ilustra con 2 experiencias mesoamericanas: una coordinadora indígena-campesina de agroforestería comunitaria y el municipio de Cutezalan, Puebla, en México. Se concluye que es posible generar sociedades biocéntricas como alternativa a la destrucción de la biodiveridad característica del antropoceno
Innere Erfahrung und Ritual
Authors: Dükan Gül N.
Published: September 2024

In einer einzigartigen Interpretation entwickelt der französische Denker Georges Bataille eine Theorie der Religion, in der das Dasein des Menschen von der Suche nach einer verlorenen Intimität geprägt ist. Diese Suche weitet er auf eine sozio-ökonomische Dimension aus und richtet seinen Fokus dabei auf die Funktionen von rituellen Opferpraktiken. Gül Nigar Dükan erweckt die Gedanken Batailles zum Leben und zeigt, dass dieser neben den Praktiken auch die Bedeutung des Opfers in der Religionsgeschichte verfolgt - angefangen bei den archaischen Formen der Religion bis hin zu den modernen religiösen Bewegungen, die sich für ihn vornehmlich in den ökonomischen Systemen von Gesellschaften offenbaren.
Flaunting of the »High« Popular Music, Taste and Populism in Hungary
Authors: Barna Emília , Patakfalvi-Czirják Ágnes
Published: September 2024

In this chapter, Emília Barna and Ágnes Patakfalvi-Czirják build on a sociocultural theoretical approach to analyse the example of the popular musician Ákos in Hungary in the post-2010 era, interpreting Ákos's performances, public persona, and communication with his audience in a political context. The authors argue that Ákos's music, performances, and public persona contribute to the spreading and affective embedding of certain hegemonic populist discourses in Hungarian society. Aiming "higher" in the social and cultural hierarchy, the dominant cultural markers Ákos performs can be considered to be aligned with the government's class and gender politics, favouring an imagined middle class.
Living with Wolves
Authors: Gieser Thorsten
Published: September 2024

With their return to Germany, wolves leave their traces in personal feelings, in the atmospheres of rural landscapes and even in the sentiments and moods that govern political arenas. Thorsten Gieser explores the role of affects, emotions, moods and atmospheres in the emerging coexistence between humans and wolves. Bridging the gap between anthropology and ethology, the author literally walks in the tracks of wolves to follow their affective agency in a more-than-human society. In nuanced analyses, he shows how wolves move, irritate and excite us, offering answers to the primary question: What does it feel like to coexist with these large predators?
O 25 de Abril na cena cultural galega do século xxi
Authors: Amado Carla Sofia
Published: September 2024

Carla Sofia Amado debruça-se neste artigo sobre o interesse existente na Galiza por Portugal, interesse esse que se baseia em símbolos que perduram ao longo do tempo. Um desses símbolos é a Revolução dos Cravos, muito presente na vida cultural galega através da figura de Zeca Afonso. A análise dos eventos culturais que nas últimas décadas têm tido lugar na Galiza, assim como dalguns registos na imprensa local, permitiu à autora tirar algumas conclusões sobre a admiração pelos temas do fim da ditadura portuguesa por parte dos galegos.
Die letzte Invasion
Authors: Haller Max
Published: September 2024

Der Einmarsch Russlands in die Ukraine hat zu einem Wiederaufflammen des Kalten Krieges geführt. Sind Kriege unvermeidlich mit der Menschheitsgeschichte verbunden? Und können sie nur durch die Ordnungsmacht von Großstaaten kontrolliert werden? Max Haller geht von Kants Friedenstheorie aus und bezieht sie auf den Abwehrkampf der Ukraine, der inzwischen auch den Charakter eines unzumutbaren Stellvertreterkriegs angenommen hat. Anhand von historisch-soziologischen Vergleichen, der Auswertung von Umfragen, Medienberichten und persönlichen Interviews zeigt er, dass Kriege durch ungezügelte Interessen wirtschaftlicher, politischer oder militärischer Mächte entstehen, Demokratie, Völkerrecht und supranationale Institutionen aber reale Chancen auf Frieden eröffnen.
A Nash equilibrium against gun control
Authors: SACCAL Alessandro
Published: September 2024

This work constructs a non-cooperative, static game of gun control between the citizen and a pacifistic society characterised by law enforcement imperfection, by which the retention of firearms and the certitude of punishment against all crimes emerge both as a strict Nash equilibrium, in pure strategies, and as a strict dominant strategy equilibrium. The reason is that ratified by the Second Amendment to the American Constitution, discerning the necessity of a militia to the individual and societal security of a free state, by which the right of the people to keep and bear arms cannot be infringed.
Effect of capital structure, company size, profitability and liquidity on company value: evidence from Indonesia manufacturing companies
Authors: Widyakto Adhi , Widyarti Endang Tri , Suhardjo Yohanes , Fresiliasari Oktavie , Karim Abdul
Published: September 2024

This research was conducted to determine whether PBV is influenced by capital structure, company size, profitability and liquidity. This research uses two kinds of theories: signaling theory and agency theory. The data used is secondary data from the Financial Statements of Manufacturing Industry Companies listed in the Indonesia Capital Market Directory in 2018-2021. This study used panel data with a sample of 74 from 135 companies during 2018-2021. Sampling technique using purposive sampling. The results were obtained in IDX manufacturing sector the debt equity ratio and firm size has a negative and insignificant effect on price book value. Return on equity negative and significant to price book value. Current ratio has a positive and insignificant effect on price book value. The purpose of this study also to determine the significance of the effect of debt equity ratio, firm size, return on equity and current ratio on price book value.
Towards a Holistic Workflow Optimization in the Operating Theater: Exploring Optimal Placements of Robotic Systems
Authors: Adiyaman Cem , Hagenah Jannis , Kundrat Dennis , Keck Tobias , Männel Georg
Published: September 2024

The level of digitalization and automation, including robotic systems, is increasing in modern operating theaters. However, the integration of such systems within an already complex and limited environment creates challenges, such as collaboration with dynamic robots and thus potential collisions. Yet, the placements of robotic systems largely rely on empirical guidelines provided by manufacturers, which do not account for the specific requirements of operating theater layouts or individual surgical procedures. In this work, we propose a framework for optimization of robotic set-ups in the operating theater to address these limitations and to enhance the overall workflow efficiency. By utilizing a simulation-based approach, we aim to determine the optimal placement of each surgical equipment within the constrained operating theater environment. In this study, we set the stage for future efforts and demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by determining the optimal placement of a LBR iiwa 7 R800 as a surgical assistant for an abdominal surgery. Overall this work lays the groundwork for future research that will accommodate more complex scenarios and is a crucial first step towards a holistic workflow optimization in the operating theater.
6-Degree Vision based Tracking of a Mandible Phantom with Deep Learning
Authors: Boudreault A. J. , Spille J. , Wiltfang J. , Schlaefer A. , Neidhardt M.
Published: September 2024

During maxillofacial surgery, the precise placement of surgical tools is crucial for accurate implant placement. Particularly if multiple implants are needed, e.g., after cancerous bone removal, visual landmarks might not be obtainable. To this end, we propose a vision-based tracking approach with deep learning. Our markerless tracking approach is based on video streams from two cameras for tracking a mandible phantom. We study, to what extent vision-based localization using deep learning is feasible. For real-time 6D pose estimation we propose a Siamese network with a ResNet-18 subnetwork. We acquire a large training dataset with a robot and evaluate the tracking accuracy on partially occluded images. Thereby, we mimic visual information that is accessible during clinical interventions. We report a mean position error of 1.33 ± 1.14mm and a rotation error of 0.86 ± 0.71 deg for partially occluded images. Overall we present a promising tracking approach that is marker-free and robust toward image artifacts.
Deep Learning-Based Liver Vessel Segmentation
Authors: Hille Georg , Jahangir Tameem , Hürtgen Janine , Kreher Rober , Saalfeld Sylvia
Published: September 2024

Liver vessel segmentation in computed tomography represents a highly challenging task due to the imbalanced distribution within the liver parenchyma, the small and branched vessels with decreased image contrast to surrounding tissue and in general, due to the scarcity of highresolution and -contrast images, which hampers the efficient training of deep learning-based approaches. This study applies two state-of-the-art networks, the fully convolutional nnUnet and the transformer-based VT-Unet to three publicly available datasets, 3DIRCADb, one task of the Medical Segmentation Decathlon (MSD) and the more recent LiVS dataset. The nnUnet achieved Dice scores of 0.761, 0.714, and 0.696 on the 3DIRCADb, LiVS, and MSD datasets, respectively. In contrast, the experiments with the VT-UNet resulted in Dice scores of 0.795, 0.713, and 0.610. These findings indicates good accordance of the performance of the nnUnet and the transformer-based VT-Unet, with differences regarding individual datasets. Both network variants show competitive performances regarding the current state-of-the-art, yet the need for large-scale and high-quality datasets becomes evident to further enhance the accuracy of liver vessel segmentation.
Vacuum-based and body-mounted robotic-patient interface with an integrated metasurface for MRI-guided interventions
Authors: Vogt Ivan , Engel Nico , Eisenmann Marcel , Odenbach Robert , Kowal Robert , Düx Daniel , Hensen Bennet , Gutberlet Marcel , Wacker Frank , Rose Georg
Published: September 2024

The increased clinical relevance of image-guided procedures, particularly of interventional magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI), highlights the need for advanced devices and robotics to optimize those procedures. To enable a realistic integration of robotics into the clinical workflow, robotic-patient interfaces (RPI) are required to ensure both functionality and usability. However, current concepts have issues with patient accessibility and safety, user handling, or performing interventions on versatile body regions. This work presents a novel silicone-based RPI to flexibly mount the ’Micropositioning Robotics for Image-Guided Surgery’ (μRIGS) system on differently shaped body regions through vacuum, regulated with an electronic miniature pump. Maximum holding forces of 60N at −0.1 bar and 66N at −0.2 bar relative vacuum pressure were reached depending on the applied human body area and tensile force angles. MRI with the integrated metasurface indicated up to 200% signal enhancement, enabling improved tissue contrast within the first 20mm in depth. The multifunctional design supported the incorporation of the sterile iMRI workflow concept. This RPI enables a realistic integration of future technologies such as miniature robots, tracking markers, and instrument holders into complex interventional workflows. Further long-term studies are needed to evaluate the effects of vacuum application lasting for 1-2 hours on different skin types.
What are the Main Complications When it Comes to the Restitution of the Objects Stolen During the Holocaust in Bosnia and Herzegovina?
Authors: Ćirić Pavlović Ana
Published: September 2024

During World War II, Bosnia and Hercegovina was occupied by the Ustashe-led Independent State of Croatia, a Nazi collaborator par excellence. Ustashe, mostly Croats, Muslims-Bosniaks, and domestic Germans, overwhelmingly participated in the annihilation of more than 85 % of the Bosnian Jewish population during the Shoah. Beside the physical destruction of the community, these Nazi collaborators plundered Jewish assets in an estimated value of over one billion US dollars and robbed priceless cultural artifacts along with the communal archives. While witness accounts agree that looting of most movable property (books, artwork, and other valuables) was carried out in the first days of occupation by the Nazis themselves, the robbery of Jewish property (apartments, houses, businesses) as well as torture and killings of domestic Jews was committed by the Ustashe. What complicates the restitution in this country is the state and memory politics, but also the inexistence of a central registry of stolen items that could be claimed. Moreover, it is of the essence that the GLAM institutions (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) within Bosnia and the former Yugoslavia region engage in conducting detailed provenance research of their respective collections.
Synthesis and optimization of long-chain fatty acids via the oxidation of long-chain fatty alcohols
Authors: Shi Pengfei , Liu Wensen , Su Hui , Li Yan , Zhu Zhaowu
Published: September 2024

The oxidation of long-chain fatty alcohols with Jones reagent to prepare long-chain fatty acids is an efficient and economical method. The by-product of chromium sulfate is electrolyzed and oxidized to hexavalent chromium, which is recycled to avoid the emission of toxic by-products. In this article, the process conditions for the preparation of carboxylic acid by chromium reagent oxidizing alcohol are optimized, and the effects of various reaction conditions on the experiment are explored. Innovatively, the reaction was optimized by reverse addition. The two synthesis methods are compared by orthogonal experiments, and the optimal reaction conditions for oxidation are determined: the organic solvent of alcohol is added to the acidified Jones reagent by reverse addition; the amount of chromium reagent is 1.5 times the required stoichiometry; the chromium concentration in chromium reagent is 2.5 mol·L−1; the reaction temperature was lower than 30°C and the reaction time was 4 h. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the formation of by-products was effectively inhibited, and the conversion rate of alcohol oxidation to carboxylic acid was increased from 80% to more than 90%.
Nonlinear electrodynamics and its possible connection to relativistic superconductivity: an example
Authors: Bruce Stanley A.
Published: September 2024

This work presents an illustrative example suggesting a potential connection between the Heisenberg–Euler (HE) model of nonlinear electrodynamics (NLED) and relativistic superconductivity. Within a cylindrical coordinate system, we derive nonlinear Maxwell’s equations from the HE Lagrangian to the fourth order in the electromagnetic (EM) field. By considering static electric and magnetic fields with Gaussian radial profiles, we compute the corresponding HE current density. In parallel, we explore relativistic type-II superconductivity in analogy with the Ginzburg–Landau (GL) theory. We calculate the vortex-supercurrent density of the condensate and propose a link between this current and the HE current. This connection enables the derivation of the relativistic order parameter state. The problem considered in this article may contribute to the understanding of superconductivity in strong EM environments within the broader framework of NLED.
Possibilities of using chatbots in the teaching of grammar in teacher training
Authors: Petzné Tóth Szilvia , Dőryné Zábrádi Orsolya , Sipos Judit
Published: September 2024

Education and the process of teaching and learning is undergoing a major transformation today. 21st century skills increasingly emphasize the importance of collaboration, self-development and lifelong learning. In addition, new information and communication technologies are emerging and the potential for the use of artificial intelligence in education is growing. In teacher education, the teaching of semantics and grammar (vocabulary, morphology, syntax) in the Hungarian Language II course is combined with the development of algorithmic thinking in mathematics. This provides space for integration between the subjects and the theory of multiple intelligences. By rethinking traditional teaching, we gave the students the task of playing the role of a chatbot. This paper summarizes the description and results of this experimental research, as well as the complex support for students based on multiple intelligences.
USE OF TERMINOLOGY AND (META)LINGUISTIC AWARENESS IN GRADE 4 EXPERIENCE FROM A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Kovács Attila Tibor
Published: September 2024

To understand the texts we read, we need language use and linguistic knowledge, as well as metalinguistic awareness related to the text. We examined linguistic and metalinguistic awareness in two areas: at the level of compound words and in relation to words with suffixes. We operated with the following assumptions in our action research: H1: The participants achieve better results in tasks related to affixed words. H2: Those who can justify their answers and reflect on their question answering process using grammatical terms will achieve better results in completing the worksheet. The 15-task test measures metalinguistic knowledge related to compound and suffixed words. The solutions require either implicit or explicit elaboration. Out of the 36 utterances in the "interpretative" text, grammatical metalanguage-related expressions were used by the informants in 13 cases. Through the use of quantitative content analysis, the study could contribute to the development of native language methodology and grammar teaching in lower primary education.
ASSISTING UNIVERSITY STUDENTS SKILLS DEVELOPMENT THROUGH SELF-DIRECTED AND SELF-ACCESS LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Authors: Bánhegyi Mátyás , Horváth-Csikós Gabriella , Fajt Balázs
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the potential role of higher education institutions in equipping students with essential skills for their future careers through self-access and self-directed learning activities. The study focuses on a comprehensive student development framework available at Budapest Business University. Through self-access and self-directed learning as well as innovative educational practices and strategies such as peer collaboration, project-based learning, telecollaboration, skills for life, individual learning accounts, language skills for business and upskilling students are provided with dynamic and engaging learning environments that prepare them for the complexities of the global job market. Introducing concrete examples from the Universitys initiatives, the paper illustrates how self-access and self-directed learning activities enhance students business skills development. The study concludes by advocating educational approaches that empower learners to take control of their learning journey, thereby potentially equipping students with lifelong learning skills essential for navigating in todays ever changing world of work.
At the edge of Neolithic transition: strategies of the Linearbandkeramik farmers in South Bohemia (Czechia)
Authors: Vondrovský Václav , Ptáková Michaela , Šída Petr , Bumerl Jiří , Pták Martin , Kovačiková Lenka , Prach Jindřich , Novák Jan , Budilová Kristýna , Pokorný Petr
Published: September 2024

This project focuses on the subsistence strategies of Early Neolithic communities that inhabited the upland region of South Bohemia. Its results reveal a distinctive trajectory for this peripheral area that was colonised significantly later, brought incoming farmers into close contact with hunter-gatherers and made them adapt their conservative farming practices.
Migration Policy: Concept, Essence, Formation Methodology and Economic Aspects
Authors:   Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Semenets-Orlova Inna , Pylypchenko Oleg ,   Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Law Firm Olega Pilipchenko
Published: September 2024

Determining the key components of the migration policy makes it possible not only to develop and implement an efficient and effective model of the domestic migration policy, but also to assess the impact of each of its components on various spheres of the state's life. In this context, migration policy is a complex structured system that contains agreed ideas, goals, strategies, as well as measures, resources, mechanisms, and tools that interact with them, which together enable the state to regulate migration processes. Migration processes should be considered as an integral object of the state administration system, which requires the creation of certain conditions for maintaining migration within socially acceptable frameworks, in particular, ensuring both social protection of migrants and representatives of the society receiving migrants. It was established that the development of migration policy should take into account economic trends, demographic changes, political and social attitudes in society, etc.
Financial Mechanism of Functioning of Agricultural Industrial Complex Enterprises and Ensuring Availability of Credit Resources
Authors:   National Scientific Center ", Andros Svitlana ,   Institute of Agrarian Economy",   National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine
Published: September 2024

Theoretical aspects of the formation and development of the financial and credit mechanism of the agro-industrial complex have been studied. The specifics of credit relations in the field of agricultural production are determined. The market for credit resources of subjects of the agro-industrial complex and the possibilities of expanding financial relations in agriculture are analyzed. The current practice of providing agricultural enterprises with borrowed funds by credit institutions is analyzed. The process of transformation of state policy to support the formation and development of the agricultural sector with credit resources is analyzed and the need to make appropriate changes is substantiated. Practical measures are proposed to eliminate gaps in the existing practice of financial and credit relationships between subjects of the agro-industrial complex and credit institutions.
The Innovation Management's Role in Ensuring the Development of a Competitive Industrial Company
Authors:   Odesa Polytechnic National University, Cherkasova Tetiana , Smyk Yuliia ,   Odesa Polytechnic National University
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the essence of management innovations, their importance for ensuring the competitive development of an industrial company. It is noted that competitive development is possible only under the conditions of implementation of an innovation-oriented model of company development. An overview of the current state of industrial companies of Ukraine and current state programs supporting the development of companies is provided. The need to use the latest tools to solve modern problems of company management is emphasized. The proposed modification of the Balanced Scorecard and the implementation map of the company's development strategy under the conditions of the implementation of allocation innovations.