bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zinc-finger (ZiF) fold secreted effectors form a functionally diverse family across lineages of the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: De la Concepcion Juan Carlos , Langner Thorsten , Fujisaki Koki , Yan Xia , Were Vincent , Lam Anson Ho Ching , Saado Indira , Brabham Helen J. , Win Joe , Yoshida Kentaro , Talbot Nicholas J. , Terauchi Ryohei , Kamoun Sophien , Banfield Mark J.
Published: June 2024

Filamentous plant pathogens deliver effector proteins into host cells to suppress host defence responses and manipulate metabolic processes to support colonization. Understanding the evolution and molecular function of these effectors provides knowledge about pathogenesis and can suggest novel strategies to reduce damage caused by pathogens. However, effector proteins are highly variable, share weak sequence similarity and, although they can be grouped according to their structure, only a few structurally conserved effector families have been functionally characterized to date. Here, we demonstrate that Zinc-finger fold (ZiF) secreted proteins form a functionally diverse effector family in the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. This family relies on the Zinc-finger motif for protein stability and is ubiquitously present in blast fungus lineages infecting 13 different host species, forming different effector tribes. Homologs of the canonical ZiF effector, AVR-Pii, from rice infecting isolates are present in multiple M. oryzae lineages. Wheat infecting strains of the fungus also possess an AVR-Pii like allele that binds host Exo70 proteins and activates the immune receptor Pii. Furthermore, ZiF tribes may vary in the proteins they bind to, indicating functional diversification and an intricate effector/host interactome. Altogether, we uncovered a new effector family with a common protein fold that has functionally diversified in lineages of M. oryzae. This work expands our understanding of the diversity of M. oryzae effectors, the molecular basis of plant pathogenesis and may ultimately facilitate the development of new sources for pathogen resistance.
Wolbachia mediates crosstalk between miRNA and Toll pathways to enhance resistance to dengue virus in Aedes aegypti
Authors: She Lingzhi , Shi Mengyi , Cao Ting , Yuan Hao , Wang Renke , Wang Weifeng , She Yueting , Wang Chaojun , Zeng Qin , Mao Wei , Zhang Yalan , Wang Yong , Xi Zhiyong , Pan Xiaoling
Published: June 2024

The obligate endosymbiont Wolbachia induces pathogen interference in the primary disease vector Aedes aegypti, facilitating the utilization of Wolbachia-based mosquito control for arbovirus prevention, particularly against dengue virus (DENV). However, the mechanisms underlying Wolbachia-mediated virus blockade have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that Wolbachia activates the host cytoplasmic miRNA biogenesis pathway to suppress DENV infection. Through the suppression of the long noncoding RNA aae-lnc-2268 by Wolbachia wAlbB, aae-miR-34-3p, a miRNA upregulated by the Wolbachia strains wAlbB and wMelPop, promoted the expression of the antiviral effector defensin and cecropin genes through the Toll pathway regulator MyD88. Notably, anti-DENV resistance induced by Wolbachia can be further enhanced, with the potential to achieve complete virus blockade by increasing the expression of aae-miR-34-3p in Ae. aegypti. Furthermore, the downregulation of aae-miR-34-3p compromised Wolbachia-mediated virus blockade. These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which Wolbachia establishes crosstalk between the cytoplasmic miRNA pathway and the Toll pathway via aae-miR-34-3p to strengthen antiviral immune responses against DENV. Our results will aid in the advancement of Wolbachia for arbovirus control by enhancing its virus-blocking efficiency.
Local Control of Distal Cholangiocarcinoma With Radiofrequency Ablation at Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Cifuentes Lizeth , Gabbert Charles , Slivka Adam
Published: June 2024

Distal cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) can pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, often leading to a poor prognosis. While curative resection is viable for a minority in the early stage, we report a case of successful endoscopic therapy. A 79-year-old patient, diagnosed with early-stage extrahepatic CCA, opted out of surgery and chemotherapy. Instead, he pursued a treatment strategy involving serial radiofrequency ablation with stent exchange at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The patient achieved remission, showcasing the potential for local control of distal CCA through radiofrequency ablation and covered self-expanding metal stents. This alternative becomes particularly relevant for patients unsuitable for surgery or chemotherapy and those who decline it.
Giardiasis Presenting as a Brunner Gland Hyperplasia
Authors: Vivas Alvaro J. , Taunk Pushpak
Published: June 2024

Giardiasis is the most common intestinal parasitic disease worldwide. Clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic to abdominal pain, diarrhea, and iron deficiency anemia. Treatment modalities include tinidazole, metronidazole, and paromomycin. We present a case of an adult man with anemia and suspected gastrointestinal bleeding who was found to have a duodenal nodule consistent with Brunner gland hyperplasia, and biopsy also showedGiardia. Limited case reports ofGiardiadiagnosed by duodenal biopsy are found in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of giardiasis presenting as Brunner gland hyperplasia.
Indicators and performance requirements for suppliers’ evaluation in the Brazilian electricity sector
Authors: Duarte Thamires Eis , Ribeiro Priscilla Cristina Cabral , Costa Helder Gomes
Published: June 2024

Objective: This paper presents a conceptual model comprising performance indicators designed for evaluating suppliers in companies within the electricity sector.
Design / Methodology / Approach: The conceptual model was developed based on articles identified from Scopus and Web of Science, which provided indicators and their associated requirements, validated by both academics and practitioners. A multiple case study method was applied, and interviews were conducted with nine participants from six leading companies, which had the highest revenues in the electricity sector in Brazil. The interviews were semistructured and administered remotely. For data analysis, the authors assessed the alignment of the the indicators with the essential requirements for suppliers' evaluation. This evaluation was carried out using the Lawshe’s (1975) scale, the Content Validity Ratio (CVR), and the critical CVR (Wilson et al., 2012).
Results: The conceptual model consists of tree groups of indicators: quality, logistics, and financial. In public companies, the evaluation facilitated external integration, whereas in private companies, this evaluation enabled internal integration. The findings show that some indicators were not applicable to the practice, while all requirements were applicable within the context of both academics and practitioners’ reality.
Limitations of the investigation: A notable limitation of this study is the relatively small number of interviewees, particularly within the academic sample.
Practical implications: The proposal of these indicators aims to guide companies to a more precise supplier evaluation by procurement and operation departments, which manage a valuable input (spare parts).
Originality / Value: The proposal of indicators that meet the requirements, using the Lawshe’s scale and the calculation of the CVR, and further validated by two different actors (academics and practitioners) was not found in the publications concerning suppliers’ evaluation in the electricity sector.
The study of the variety of ethnobotanical plants and spices used in the cuisine of the Indian tribes of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh
Authors: Ahirwar Ramesh Kumar , Bhoi Diptesh Kumar , Jangde Reshma
Published: June 2024

The present investigation aimed to identify and document herbs and spices used by the tribal communities for culinary purposes in the district of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India. It is a report about this field using an ethnobotanical viewpoint, and it includes a quantitative analysis of the plants that were reported. A questionnaire was used to gather data from the indigenous communities in the study area. The collected data was analyzed through fidelity level (FL) and use value (UV). The plant samples were collected identified and then processed as voucher specimens following standard ethnobotanical practice. In total, there are 24 species of plants belonging to 15 families and 22 genera. These plants were mainly used as fruits (34%), leaves (23%), seeds (17%), rhizomes (10%), aril (4%), barks (3%), bulbs (3%), flower buds, and stigmas (3%). There are many medicinal and commercially significant plants in the region, which have a wealth of greenery. The tribal communities still regularly use these plants to produce herbs and spices for both culinary and medicinal uses. However, the traditional indigenous knowledge of these plants is gradually disappearing among the younger population. As a consequence, it will be useful as a reference as well as a way to record and keep alive the local knowledge of these herbs and spices in the district of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh.
Ground state solutions for magnetic Schrödinger equations with polynomial growth
Authors: Wu Yan , Chen Peng
Published: June 2024

In this article, we investigate the following nonlinear magnetic Schrödinger equations:

(

−
i

∇

+
A

(

x

)

)

2

u
+
V

(

x

)

u
=

f

1

(

x
,

∣
v
∣

2

)

v
,

(

−
i

∇

+
A

(

x

)

)

2

v
+
V

(

x

)

v
=

f

2

(

x
,

∣
u
∣

2

)

u
,

\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\left(-i\nabla +A\left(x))}^{2}u+V\left(x)u={f}_{1}\left(x,{| v| }^{2})v,\\ {\left(-i\nabla +A\left(x))}^{2}v+V\left(x)v={f}_{2}\left(x,{| u| }^{2})u,\end{array}\right.

where

V

V

is the electric potential and

A

A

is the magnetic potential. Assuming that the nonlinear function

f

i

(

i
=
1
,
2

)

{f}_{i}\left(i=1,2)

satisfies three types of polynomial growth assumptions: super-quadratic, asymptotically quadratic, and local super-quadratic at

∣
x
∣
→
∞

| x| \to \infty

, we prove the existence of the Nehari-Pankov type ground state solutions using critical point theory together with the non-Nehari manifold method. The resulting problem engages two major difficulties: the first one is that the associated functional is strongly indefinite, and the second lies in verifying the link geometry and showing the boundedness of Cerami sequences. Our results extend and complement the present ones in the literature.
Retrospective evaluation of patients diagnosed with central precocious puberty who reached the final height
Authors: Yaman Kadri , Unal Edip , Beştaş Aslı , Aktar Karakaya Amine , Beyazıt Nurcan , Kolbaşı Barış
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Central precocious puberty (CPP) is the onset of puberty before the age of 8 in girls and 9 in boys. The primary goal of CPP treatment is control and arrest of puberty development. In this study, it was aimed to determine the factors associated with final height in patients who received gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHa) treatment and reached their final height.

Methods

From the medical records of the patients, age on admission, bone age (BA), weight-standard deviation score (SDS), height-SDS, BMI-SDS, target height-SDS, basal LH, FSH, E2, age at menarche, and pelvic USG findings were obtained.

Results

The mean age on admission of the 67 female patients was 7.5 ± 0.60 years. On admission, 4.5 % of the patients were obese and 19.4 % were overweight. There was no difference between BMI-SDS at admission and after treatment. The mean age at menarche was 11.57 ± 0.78 years. About 58.2 % of the patients reached the target height, 35.8 % exceeded the target height, and 6 % were below the target height. The mean height-SDS and predicted adult height (PAH) on admission were better in patients who exceeded the target height. It was determined that target height-SDS had a positive effect on delta height-SDS, while BA/CA ratio had a negative effect.

Conclusions

It was found that GnRHa treatment did not have a negative effect on BMI-SDS. It was shown that 94 % of the patients who received GnRHa treatment reached the target height, and in fact, 35.8 % exceeded the target height. A greater final height may be associated with good height-SDS and PAH values on admission.
Crystal structure of 1-cyclohexyl-4-p-tolyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester, C22H27NO4
Authors: Liu Yucong , Zhang Zhihui , Zhou Ran , Ji Yannan , Lan Yanlong , Guo Ruixia , Wu Haixia , He Jingyu
Published: June 2024

C22H27NO4, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.3356(8) Å, b = 10.2842(11) Å, c = 11.5902(12) Å, α = 103.266(4)°, β = 106.189(3)°, γ = 97.779(4)°, V = 1016.20(18) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0413, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0928, T = 293 K.
Fostering cocoa industry resilience: A collaborative approach to managing farm gate price fluctuations in West Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Fudjaja Letty , Ryadha Resky , Saadah Saadah  , Viantika Ni Made , Ridwan Muhammad , Darma Rahim
Published: June 2024

Agricultural price fluctuations impact the economy and society, highlighting the importance of price stability for sustainable development, poverty alleviation, food security, and economic stability. This issue is particularly pronounced in the cocoa industry, where volatile prices and inefficient supply chains often harm the livelihoods of cocoa farmers. This study aimed to develop a mitigation plan to address cocoa price volatility at the farm level. The study was conducted in Tubbi Taramanu Sub-district, Polewali Mandar District, Indonesia. Through the innovative use of Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM), the key elements are delineated in their hierarchical relationships and categorized into four quadrants: autonomous, independent, dependent, and linkage, to formulate a strategy for stabilizing cocoa prices at the farm level. This research’s findings underscored the importance of reducing farmers’ dependency on middlemen as the primary strategy for mitigating fluctuations in cocoa bean prices at the farm level. This approach is particularly vital due to the excessive reliance on middlemen, a key driver of price instability at the farm level. Furthermore, it is evident that promoting and nurturing cooperation between farmers and cocoa industry stakeholders can prove highly effective and significant when fortified by the local government’s support through the implementation of appropriate public policies.
Gender-Oriented Analysis of Witchcraft Discourse in Social Media
Authors: Jabłońska Marta Regina
Published: June 2024

In this article, I delve into the studies of digital religion and female witchcraft, examining Polish witch stereotypes and tracing their evolution from a historical and religious perspective. I portray the harmful image of the persecuted witch within a misogynistic society and contrast it with the contemporary, positive stereotype of an independent, strong, and wise woman. A total of 724 study participants shared their opinions about witches, which were then subjected to sentiment analysis, revealing eight fundamental emotions along with their polarizations. Additionally, gender was juxtaposed with the SD-WISE scale measuring wisdom-related cognitive, reflective, and affective qualities in individuals, including emotional regulation, reflection, empathy, acceptance of diversity, and spirituality. The outcomes indicated that studied women experienced stronger and more positive emotions toward female witches and higher levels of wisdom-related traits typical of witch-related connotations. Male participants demonstrated greater emotional regulation and decisiveness. These findings bear significance for sociologists and researchers exploring gender studies, religion, culture, and the realm of witchcraft.
Adaption von Fabrikstrukturen unter Berücksichtigung von Veränderungsfähigkeiten
Authors: Frankenbach Felix
Published: June 2024

It is important for manufacturing companies to have changeable structures that enable rapid and cost-efficient adaptations to changing requirements. An important aspect in adapting factory structures is the dynamic characteristics of changeability. In addition to the fulfilment of changed requirements, structural adaptations influence the degree of changeability of a factory itself and can thus affect the degree of planning freedom in future periods. This article provides a methodology for planning structural adaptations that can be used to analyse and evaluate the possible impact of a structural adaptation on the factory‘s changeability. The aim is to avoid planning errors and ensure the development of long-term economic factory structures.
The impact of settlement character on urban development. Some example of small towns in South Transdanubia
Authors: Horeczki Réka
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study. In my current research I want to describe the economic history and local economic development aspects of small towns in a coherent framework. The first of these elements is the impact of the urban form on the image of towns. All the characteristics that define a settlement will affect it throughout its development. Applied methods. In addition to the analysis of the literature and regulatory background in Hungary, the development strategies, urban image manuals, and marketing strategies of small towns are presented. Outcomes. One of the elements of culture-based small-town development is the built or natural cultural heritage found in towns; these factors have played an important and prominent role in the life of the settlements that have become towns and cities. Their role in urban development can also help to define the vision of the future of a settlement.
Krise und Erneuerung. Wirtschaftliche Veränderungen während der Agrarkrise Ende des 19. Jah- rhunderts in der süd-transdanubischen Region Ungarns
Authors: Kaposi Zoltán
Published: June 2024

Despite previous development the domestic agrarian sector experienced recession for one and half decade from the 1880s. This had two reasons. First, effects of depressed prices in the world economy affected Hungary too; second, due to the phylloxera epidemic wine production crisis occurred. In this study we examine the responses to the crisis, mostly focusing on the South Transdanubian region. We point out that large scale agrarian plants tried to mitigate the situation in many ways. Instead of previous grain production they increased intensive farming which enabled the acclimatisation of many new plants. Mechanisation developed too. More plants were grown for industrial processing (mainly sugar beets). With the acclimatisation of new species, husbandry was modernised and indoor farming spread quickly. Many large estates moved toward high quality forestry. Leasing of the large estates resulted new capital flowing to the agrarian sector. Tendency of creating co-operatives increased. Due to these changes in the beginning of the 20th century we can observe a more intensively and flexibly working manorial management.
Zwei Grossgrundbesitzer von Somogy an der Spitze der ungarischen Agrar- politik in der Zwischenkriegszeit – die Tätigkeit von Graf László Somssich und Graf Miksa Hoyos
Authors: Fritz János
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study is to shed light on the economic policy challenges of the era by examining the activities of two influential figures in Hungary's agricultural policy during the Horthy system. It is worth noting that Hungary missed out on the large-scale land reforms that took place in Central and Eastern Europe after World War I, as they aimed to preserve the large estates. However, in the county of Somogy, two counts played a crucial role in shaping agricultural policy. Applied methods: The study does not seek to draw parallels between the work of these two individuals, but rather aims to present a descriptive account of the contrasting aspects of contemporary agricultural policy. To achieve this, the analysis primarily relies on various almanacs, memoirs, annals, contemporary statistics, press articles, and later historical commentaries. The outcomes of the study reveal the significant contributions of Count László Somssich and Count Hoyos Miksa. Count László Somssich served as the president of the OMGE, an organization dedicated to protecting the interests of large landlords throughout the Horthy system. Despite the shifting political landscape towards extremism, Somssich, who was aligned with Bethlen and Teleki, retained his position and played a vital role in establishing a new foundation for Hungarian economic policy after 1920. He effectively utilized his international connections during the economic crisis of that time. On the other hand, Count Hoyos Miksa assumed the role of the head of the Chamber of Agriculture during a critical period, specifically the crisis. He made significant contributions to addressing the challenges faced by the cereal production sector, which was severely affected. One notable solution implemented was the introduction of a special system called the "boletta," which was strongly advocated by Miksa Hoyos. The fact that both László Somssich and Miksa Hoyos were technocratic professionals is evident from their positions as chairmen and senior officials in numerous national and regional economic associations. Additionally, each of them managed a model estate.
Von Mehlmotten bis zu den Vogelhäusern. Das Leben und die Arbeit des kárászer Müllers Márton Kühnel (1884–1961)
Authors: Zsindely Borbála Rózsa
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study: The study examines the interrelation between Kühnel Márton’s professional career as a miller in Kárász and his individual attributes (professional knowledge, skills, attitude) considering the socio-cultural, economic and historical context. Additionally, it investigates the impact of Kühnel Márton’s activities on both his immediate and broader environment. The focus of the study centers on the unfolding of Kühnel Márton’s professional career, highlighting particularly the impact of his professional activities on the family-owned mill, birdhouse factory, sawmill, and coal mine, all of which concurrently affected the economic life of Kárász. Applied methods: The analysis primarily relies on source materials from the Environmental and Water Management Archives, as well as the examination of contemporary civil registration records, statistics, and contemporary press. Outcomes: Kühnel Márton’s career sheds light on the significance of coping with challenging situations in various historical contexts. The individual dimension (personality, intelligence, effective communication and problem-solving skills) along with the family dimension (supporting family) and the cultural dimension (German) collectively empowered Kühnel Márton to become a versatile entrepreneur, integrating his knowledge from two distinct fields (miller and ornithologist) to address the issue caused by flour moths, and additionally, his engagement within the Miller’s Association, which has a nationwide impact on shaping the status of the miller community.
Finanzwesen einer Adelsfamilie in Somogy in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Polgár Tamás
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study: Die Studie schildert die Eingliederung und Bereicherung einer nicht im Komitat Somogy erbeingesessenen Familie durch das Leben von Mihály Kacskovics, des Gründers der lokalen Nebenzweige. Applied methods: Der Autor der Studie stellt die Geschichte des Wachstums der Güter der Familie Kacskovics anhand von Grundstückszusammenfassungen in Somogy, Familienbesitzkaufverträgen und Schuldscheinen dar. Mit Hilfe der erhaltenen Kassenbücher können wir auch Daten über die Höhe der Familienausgaben und die Einnahmen des Familienbetriebs finden. Auf die Auffassung von Mihály Kacskovics in Bezug auf Güter- und Ämtererwerb deutet sein Briefwechsel mit dem Sohn Ignác hin. Outcomes: Die Studie befasst sich mit der Erfolgsgeschichte einer nicht im Komitat Somogy erbeingesessene Familie. Mihály Kacskovics, der Staatsanwalt des Komitats schuf nämlich aus seinem ursprünglich knapp 900 Joch Gut bis Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts einen 6000 Joch großen Komplex, der nicht nur durch den Ackerbau, sondern auch durch die Tierzucht ergiebig wurde. Durch die erworbene Güter und Bildung suchte der Familiengründer für seine Söhne eine sichere Zukunft aufzubauen. Mit Hilfe seines Respekts brachte er sie in die Amtselite von Somogy, damit er ihnen einen sicheren, auf mehreren Beinen stützenden Lebensunterhalt ermöglichte. Für den Gutsbesitzer von Mocsolád war dieser unermüdliche Dienst auch typisch gegenüber seinem Komitat. Um finanziell zu wachsen, nahm er oft Kredite über die Maßen auf, aber er gab das geliehene Geld für Modernisierungen und Investitionen aus. Und damit stiegen auch seine Gütereinkünfte. Mihály Kacskovics lebte fast 80 Jahre, während dessen er ständig für die Anerkennung und Bereicherung seiner Familie arbeitete. Er starb als ein angesehener „Diener” des Komitats.
Lajos Esztergár before the People’s Court: The Mayor of Pécs and the Holocaust
Authors: Deák George
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study. Lajos Esztergár, a former mayor of Pécs, is remembered with different emotions by different groups today. Suppressed during the communist regime, his memory was revived immediately upon the 1989/90 fall of that regime. On the one hand, conservative and nationalist intellectuals and politicians, with some nostalgia for interwar Hungary, celebrated him (and continue to do so) as a positive local representative of that system, ostensibly for having introduced a number of social reforms. On the other hand, those for whom his participation in the deportation of Jews from the city in 1944 outweighs his merits as a social reformer, criticize his celebration. The fact that he was brought before the People’s Court twice between 1945 and 1949 but acquitted has allowed his supporters to ignore or explain away his role in the Holocaust. This paper seeks to examine whether the judgment of the People’s Court provides sufficient reason to morally acquit him, as has been done by his supporters. It also probes the question of whether there was a connection between his social welfare goals and his willingness to participate in the deportations. Applied methods. Analysis of archival sources, especially the indictment and verdict of his first trial, as well as secondary sources, contemporary newspapers, and laws. Outcomes. We show that there is reason to doubt the objectivity of those involved in Esztergár’s legal acquittal. We provide new evidence to demonstrate that his actions before, during, and after the deportations point to his motives for retaining his position in 1944. It was so that he could arrange for the use of the confiscated properties of the Jews to fund a conservative and nationalist program for the amelioration of poverty.
"The Summer of a Man's Life". Universal and Individual Patterns of Yo- ung Adulthood in the Life of Loránt Hegedüs
Authors: Rab Virág
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study. Social psychologist György Hunyady claims that historians often incorrectly interpret the intentions, attitudes, and character traits of an individual by trying to extrapolate it from his actions. By contrast, historical characters generally attribute their actions to external factors. The impact of the environment on the individual's life path is also emphasized by the most recent psychobiographical research (C.-H. Mayer et al). Starting from this, the study aims to reveal the impact of the challenges of the era and the socio-cultural environment on the decisions of Loránt Hegedüs, a member of the Hungarian multi-positional elite. Applied methods. The study is based on Levinson's theory of psychobiography, and it examines Hegedüs's young adulthood (17-40 years), which corresponds to the season of summer in the human life cycle. Outcomes. This stage in Hegedüs' life brought profound changes in the fields of occupation, marriage, and parental role. However, his "dream" did not come true. Disruptive events that shook society as a whole, including the First World War, the dissolution of the Monarchy, and the revolutions of 1918/1919, significantly hindered the progress of his personal goals. A change occurred in middle adulthood, when, as a result of the unfolding of the counter- revolution, his personal aspirations were able to merge with the prevailing values and expectations of his time. The study supports the effectiveness of the application of psychobiography in the field of history.
Predictable Irrationality in Mediation: Observations on Behavioural Economics
Authors: Antal Orsolya
Published: June 2024

In my paper I attempt to provide a common intersection of mediation and behavioural economics. In doing so, I seek to identify the answers that can be used to assign the domain of mediation methodology where theorems of man's decisions of behavioural economics are validated. I seek to identify the answers that can be used to the domain of mediation methodology where behavioural economics can be applied to the theorems of man's choices. I do so in order to take account the phenomena behind human decisions, influencing them and determining their characteristics. Through this, I seek to prove the proposition that human behaviour is neither logical nor rational, a claim which plays an important role in mediation. Beyond this, the study discusses the statements of behavioural economics which also prove the above theorem. However, the aim of the paper is also to collide the results of behavioural economics with the practical experience of mediation, thereby answering the question whether theoretical results of behavioural economics on human decisions are validated in practice. The essence of mediation is to reach a favourable agreement, the in-process tool of which will influence human behaviour and decision-making towards this goal. In my study, accordingly, I intend to achieve the goal of naming the mediation techniques and tools that can be used to achieve the outcome of mediation that is a good agreement.
Philosophical Questions of the Relation to Goods in Antiquity and Scholastic Philosophy
Authors: Antal Péter
Published: June 2024

This paper explores the early issues of the relation to goods in ancient and medieval philosophy trends. As an introduction to the topic, I examine the conditions for the emergence of Greek philosophical thinking. The paper is divided into two major sections: the first section introduces the ideas of ancient Greek philosophy on property and wealth, while the second one considers the development of the ideas of early medieval philosophy on the same topic. It should be pointed out that in ancient philosophy the subject was not given much prominence, since the concept of existence and virtue preceded the problems of property, wealth and distribution. Yet it is worth examining this period from this point of view, too, because regarding the relationship to wealth, we can find several important philosophical principles. I will present primarily the relevant medieval thoughts after discussing the relevant works of great figures of scholasticism. I will also discuss in detail the teachings of Duns Scotus, since it is primarily to him that we owe the most of his statements relevant to our subject of scholasticism.
There is no doubt that the questions examined in this study are taking us closer to the definition of the content of common good. This is particularly true about Aristotle and St. Thomas, based on whose work these doctrines are also examined with distinguished attention. To sumup, we can say that questions on wealth distribution and the distribution of goods, in other words the ownership structure between the state and the individual are very much essential, since through them the content of the common good becomes tangible. The aim of my study is to support this assertion.
β-arrestins Are Scaffolding Proteins Required for Shh-Mediated Axon Guidance
Authors: Sauvé Rachelle , Morin Steves , Yam Patricia T. , Charron Frédéric
Published: June 2024

During nervous system development, Sonic hedgehog (Shh) guides developing commissural axons toward the floor plate of the spinal cord. To guide axons, Shh binds to its receptor Boc and activates downstream effectors such as Smoothened (Smo) and Src family kinases (SFKs). SFK activation requires Smo activity and is also required for Shh-mediated axon guidance. Here we report that β-arrestin1 and β-arrestin2 (β-arrestins) serve as scaffolding proteins that link Smo and SFKs in Shh-mediated axon guidance. We found that β-arrestins are expressed in rat commissural neurons. We also found that Smo, β-arrestins, and SFKs form a tripartite complex, with the complex formation dependent on β-arrestins. β-arrestin knockdown blocked the Shh-mediated increase in Src phosphorylation, demonstrating that β-arrestins are required to activate Src kinase downstream of Shh. β-arrestin knockdown also led to the loss of Shh-mediated attraction of rat commissural axons in axon turning assays. Expression of two different dominant-negative β-arrestins, β-arrestin1 V53D which blocks the internalization of Smo and β-arrestin1 P91G-P121E which blocks its interaction with SFKs, also led to the loss of Shh-mediated attraction of commissural axons. In vivo, the expression of these dominant-negative β-arrestins caused defects in commissural axon guidance in the spinal cord of chick embryos of mixed sexes. Thus we show that β-arrestins are essential scaffolding proteins that connect Smo to SFKs and are required for Shh-mediated axon guidance.
Calcineurin and CK2 Reciprocally Regulate Synaptic AMPA Receptor Phenotypes via α2δ-1 in Spinal Excitatory Neurons
Authors: Huang (黄玉莹) Yuying , Shao (邵建英) Jian-Ying , Chen (陈红) Hong , Zhou (周京京) Jing-Jing , Chen (陈少瑞) Shao-Rui , Pan (潘惠麟) Hui-Lin
Published: June 2024

Calcineurin inhibitors, such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus (FK506), are commonly used immunosuppressants for preserving transplanted organs and tissues. However, these drugs can cause severe and persistent pain. GluA2-lacking, calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) are implicated in various neurological disorders, including neuropathic pain. It is unclear whether and how constitutive calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin protein phosphatase, controls synaptic CP-AMPARs. In this study, we found that blocking CP-AMPARs with IEM-1460 markedly reduced the amplitude of AMPAR-EPSCs in excitatory neurons expressing vesicular glutamate transporter-2 (VGluT2), but not in inhibitory neurons expressing vesicular GABA transporter, in the spinal cord of FK506-treated male and female mice. FK506 treatment also caused an inward rectification in the current–voltage relationship of AMPAR-EPSCs specifically in VGluT2 neurons. Intrathecal injection of IEM-1460 rapidly alleviated pain hypersensitivity in FK506-treated mice. Furthermore, FK506 treatment substantially increased physical interaction of α2δ-1 with GluA1 and GluA2 in the spinal cord and reduced GluA1/GluA2 heteromers in endoplasmic reticulum-enriched fractions of spinal cords. Correspondingly, inhibiting α2δ-1 with pregabalin,Cacna2d1genetic knock-out, or disrupting α2δ-1–AMPAR interactions with an α2δ-1 C terminus peptide reversed inward rectification of AMPAR-EPSCs in spinal VGluT2 neurons caused by FK506 treatment. In addition, CK2 inhibition reversed FK506 treatment–induced pain hypersensitivity, α2δ-1 interactions with GluA1 and GluA2, and inward rectification of AMPAR-EPSCs in spinal VGluT2 neurons. Thus, the increased prevalence of synaptic CP-AMPARs in spinal excitatory neurons plays a major role in calcineurin inhibitor-induced pain hypersensitivity. Calcineurin and CK2 antagonistically regulate postsynaptic CP-AMPARs through α2δ-1—mediated GluA1/GluA2 heteromeric assembly in the spinal dorsal horn.
Tracking the Misallocation and Reallocation of Spatial Attention toward Auditory Stimuli
Authors: Mandal Ananya , Liesefeld Anna M. , Liesefeld Heinrich R.
Published: June 2024

Completely ignoring a salient distractor presented concurrently with a target is difficult, and sometimes attention is involuntarily attracted to the distractor's location (attentional capture). Employing the N2ac component as a marker of attention allocation toward sounds, in this study we investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of auditory attention across two experiments. Human participants (male and female) performed an auditory search task, where the target was accompanied by a distractor in two-third of the trials. For a distractor more salient than the target (Experiment 1), we observe not only a distractor N2ac (indicating attentional capture) but the full chain of attentional dynamics implied by the notion of attentional capture, namely, (1) the distractor captures attention before the target is attended, (2) allocation of attention to the target is delayed by distractor presence, and (3) the target is attended after the distractor. Conversely, for a distractor less salient than the target (Experiment 2), although responses were delayed, no attentional capture was observed. Together, these findings reveal two types of spatial attentional dynamics in the auditory modality (distraction with and without attentional capture).
Sûretten Sîrete: Leylâ’nın Güzelliğine Dair Rivayetlerin Dönüşümü
Authors: Denizmen Serap
Published: June 2024

Leylâ ve Mecnûn, klasik Doğu edebiyatının en ünlü aşk hikâyesidir. Kökenini Arap edebiyatından alan bu hikâyedeki Kays b. Mülevvah nâm-ı diğer Mecnûn ve mâşûkası Leylâ’ya dair en eski rivayetler İbn Kuteybe’nin (ö. 889) eş-Şiʿr ve’ş-Şuarâ, Ebü’l-Ferec İsfahânî’nin (ö. 967) el-Eganî adlı eserinde mevcuttur. Özellikle el-Eganî Mecnûn ve Leylâ, Cemîl b. Mamer (ö. 701) ve Buseyne, Kuseyyir b. Abdirrahman (ö. 723) ve Azze gibi ünlü Arap âşıklar hakkında en erken rivayetleri vermesi açısından mühimdir. Bu çalışmada Mevlânâ’nın (ö. 1273) Mesnevi’sinde geçen “Halifenin Leylâ’yı Görmesi” isimli hikâyenin izi sürülmektedir. Anlatıda Leylâ’nın pek güzel olmadığı, sıradan bir kız olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Leylâ’nın sûretine dair bu iddia Mesnevi’den başlayarak geriye dönük bir şekilde edebî, tarihî ve tasavvufî kaynaklar taranarak araştırılmıştır. Hikâyenin kökeni el-Eganî’de Azze ve Buseyne’ye dair rivayetlerde tespit edilmiş ve her iki mâşûkanın suretine dair anlatılanlar nakledilerek mukayese edilmiştir. Bahsedilen rivayetlerde halife karşısına çıkan, onunla mükaleme eden ve halife tarafından sıradan/çirkin bulunan mâşûka motifi çeşitli anlatılarla harmanlanmış ve “Halifenin Leylâ’yı Görmesi” ortaya çıkmıştır. Hikâyedeki sûreten değil sîreten sevilen mâşuk imgesi taşıdığı tasavvufi anlamlar açısından tahlil edilmiş, hikâyenin bağlamından kopmadan güzelliğin esası, âşığın ve ağyarın bakışı, cemal ve hüsn kavramlarının tasavvufi öğretideki karşılığı ele alınmıştır.
Studying and popularization of Polish children’s literature in Ukraine
Authors: Kravets Olha
Published: June 2024

The certain aspects of the children’s literature phenomenon in Polish and Ukrainian literary discourse are examined in the article. Especially interesting and relevant are the problems of studying and popularizing Polish children's literature in Ukraine, the introduction of this segment into the educational courses of a number of Ukrainian universities educational programs. The purpose of this literary research is to study and popularize Polish children's literature in Ukraine. The masterpieces of Polish poetic and prose classics, works of the brightest representatives of Polish children's literature – Julian Tuwim, Jan  Brzechwa and Ludwik Jerzy Kern are used as examples. Research methodology. The research method first and foremost involves the method of analysis; the historical method in literary criticism is also used in the article. Descriptive and contextual methods contribute to the study of poetic and prose works of Polish children’s literature in masterful translations of famous Ukrainian writers. Combination of research approaches in the work mentioned above makes it possible to study an interesting field in modern literary science – children's literature. Results. An overview of selected works of Polish and Ukrainian scholars devoted to children's literature and its reception, published during the last decade, is provided. Emphasis is placed on the most important trends in the study of various aspects of the problem, on the most authoritative works and names of researchers. Novelty of the research. Translated works of Polish children's literature, which form the canon of the mentioned national literature, are introduced into the scientific literary discourse. The collection of the poems «The Bird’s Radio» by Julian Tuwim, selected poems of the classic Polish children's literature by Jan Brzechwa and the story-fairy tale «Ferdinand the Great» by Ludwik Jerzy Kern are subjected to literary analysis. Practical value. The Polish children's literature in masterful translations by Ukrainian writers is introduced in the article. Poems by Julian Tuwim and Jan Brzechwa, a story-fairy tale by L. E. Kern actually became a promotion for Polish children's literature in Ukraine, a significant event in the popularization of literature for children and youth.
Dzienniki (Diaries) of Jarosław Leon Iwaszkiewicz: World War II (1939–1945) in the writer’s individual perception
Authors: Oliander Luiza , Ostapchuk Viktoriia
Published: June 2024

The article aims to characterize a topical issue through poetics: the Second World War from the perspective of J. Iwaszkiewicz’s individual perception from September 2, 1939, when the Luftwaffe began to bomb Warsaw until the moment of its liberation on January 18, 1945. It is noted that the writer recorded on the pages of his diary not only his psychological state but also that of other people. Particular attention is paid to the first entry of August 12, 1939, where the breakdown of the peaceful life was recorded, during which the writer had been immersed in the problems of art, intending to create a free-form work, a kind of ANNABEL, where the images of the composer Karol Szymanowski, the poets J. Tuwim and S. Witkiewicz would have appeared. The article focuses on the entry of August 28, 1939, which tells about the writer’s deep love for Ukraine and his nostalgic memories of it. The study emphasizes the historical value of almost daily records dedicated to mobilization, dated August 24 and 31, and those testimonies contained in the diary entries from September 4, 5 and 6, which describe the terrible pictures of people fleeing from Podkowa and the state of the road to it, destroyed by bombing. The entry about a terrible entrance to Warsaw, dated September 7, and that with a group portrait of crowds on the roads, dated September 8, are considered from the point of view of artistic skill. The article studies the poetics of tragic scenes of Warsaw residents’ escape and analyzes the entries depicting the underground cultural life of the capital, the secret academy dedicated to K. Szymanowski’s death anniversary, the series of J. Iwaszkiewicz’s lectures about contemporary Polish poetry, Stawisko, where the writer hid writers, artists and fighters against the invaders, about the Uprising and post-war reconstruction. Attention is also given to the recollection of K. Baczynski and W. Draczynska’s marriage.
Essay by Marie de Vaux Phalipau «Budyšin as the spiritual capital оf the Lusatian people»
Authors: Kravets Yarema
Published: June 2024

Background. Published in 1928, the article is devoted to an interesting Sorbian Studies paper by the French Slavistic scholar Marie de Vaux Phalipau (1862-1946), totally unknown in Ukrainian-Sorbian research circles. The author of a large number of Sorbian Studies publications and reports dating back to the 1920s and 1930s, she published her work at a time when the Lusatian question rose acute again in European political and cultural circles. Purpose. In this article, the French researcher turns to the works by authoritative researchers and admirers of Sorbian culture, viz. the Czech J. Wigaz, Italian of Lusatian origin V. Giusti, Belgian Slavicist A.Vierset, the French man J. Bourgoin, et al. The French Slavicist’s work is a major cognitive study presenting not only the history of the Lusatian intellectual capital being developed, but offering a brief historical excursus: geographical location of Budyšin (Budyshin, Bautzen), story-telling its past through the history of old picturesque monuments, change of different rulers, history of the city’s economic growth. There is an extensive «Intellectual Activity» chapter written with great love and liking for the Lusatian people. «The Martyr of the Language» chapter treats the mournful path covered by the Lusatian Sorbian language over the span of the 13th – 18th cc. Never having schools, almost always under the threat of life, the Sorbs passed this language, a substantial corroboration of their Slavonic identity, from one generation onto another. Results. Marie de Vaux Phalipau’s work, written with great respect and liking for the Lusatian people, valuable by its own meticulousness, accuracy of description, good knowledge of the historical realities, is an important page in a better understanding of the great Sorbian Studies heritage of the French Slavicist, author of a large number of studies on the culture and life of the Sorbs
Movimientos visuales y desempeñodeportivo del tenista: revisión de alcance
Authors: PIRACHICAN ALAGUNA MIGUEL ALFREDO , CARDOZO LUIS ALBERTO
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The presente study aims to explore the existingbibliography on visual skills and visual movements in tennisplayers.Method: We searched the Scopus, SPORTDiscus, PubMedand Google Scholar databases, which allowed us to select 37empirical studies carried out with a quantitative method.The choice of the studies responded to the criteriaestablished around the Keywords, the subject of the studyand the research methodology.Results: The results are organized into three central topics:(a) Antecedents of visual skills in the 20th century, (b) 21stcentury: Role of saccadic movements, and (c) Reflections onthe tennis feat and saccadic movements.Conclusions: Throughout several decades of researchand monitoring of the “vision and sport” approach infield tennis, specifically in the visual movements betweenfixations and saccadic movements, differential levels oftennis performance can be identified with the potential tobe indicators of better sports performance. Given that thetools used so far in this discipline for the selection and/orevaluation processes are not determinant, due to being amultifactorial sport discipline of perceptual-motor order andopen skills, it is suggested that visual skills may be essentialfor the acquisition of a high competitive level. This aspectraises an interesting line of research that deserves furtherexploration in the future.