bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Double‐paddle peroneal flap for extensive lip defect reconstruction
Authors: Lin Ying‐Sheng , Liu Wen‐Chung , Lin Yaoh‐Shiang , Chen Lee‐Wei , Hsueh Jung‐Hua , Yang Kuo‐Chung
Published: February 2017

Introduction

Today, reconstructive surgeons offer an array of options to reconstruct the lip defects. Herein we present our experience of using free double‐paddle peroneal flaps for extensive lip defect reconstruction.

Patients and Methods

From 1996 to 2014, 16 patients with extensive lip defects after tumor ablation were included. Free double‐paddle peroneal flaps were used for reconstructions. In terms of flap design, one skin paddle superiorly placed on the lateral lower leg was used to reconstruct intraoral defects, whereas the other was inferiorly located and was used to reconstruct extraoral defects. A part of the inner skin paddle was everted, and the suture line with the outer skin paddle became the new vermilion border. A portion of the outer skin paddle could be de‐epithelized and tucked into the fold of the inner skin paddle, leading to greater fullness of the new lip.

Results

Skin paddle sizes were 10–15 cm × 3–13 cm and 4–10.5 cm × 2.5–10.5 cm. Venous thrombosis occurred in one patient but was salvaged, and one flap had superficial necrosis over the outer paddle that was conservatively treated. In the 0.5–33 month follow‐up period, all patients were able to close their mouths without obvious drooling.

Conclusion

Free double‐paddle peroneal flap transfer could augment lip definition, deepen the labial vestibule, and provide an acute‐angle oral commissure, leading to satisfactory oral competency and improved cosmetic results. Therefore, this technique may be considered a viable option for extensive lip defect reconstruction.
An Approach Toward Replacing Vanadium: A Single Organic Molecule for the Anode and Cathode of an Aqueous Redox‐Flow Battery
Authors: Janoschka Tobias , Friebe Christian , Hager Martin D. , Martin Norbert , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: February 2017

By combining a viologen unit and a 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) radical in one single combi‐molecule, an artificial bipolar redox‐active material, 1‐(4‐(((1‐oxyl‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐4‐yl)oxy)carbonyl)benzyl)‐1′‐methyl‐[4,4′‐bipyridine]‐1,1′‐diium‐chloride (VIOTEMP), was created that can serve as both the anode (−0.49 V) and cathode (0.67 V vs. Ag/AgCl) in a water‐based redox‐flow battery. While it mimics the redox states of flow battery metals like vanadium, the novel aqueous electrolyte does not require strongly acidic media and is best operated at pH 4. The electrochemical properties of VIOTEMP were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry, rotating disc electrode experiments, and spectroelectrochemical methods. A redox‐flow battery was built and the suitability of the material for both electrodes was demonstrated through a polarity‐inversion experiment. Thus, an organic aqueous electrolyte system being safe in case of cross contamination is presented.
Dynamic and electrical properties of aromatic poly(amide hydrazides) filled with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Mohamed Nadia A. , Selim Salah E. , Galal Ahmed
Published: February 2017

The dynamic and electrical properties of composites remain a serious concern in application. In this article, 0.1 wt% multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are tested to improve the dynamic and electrical properties of three synthesized aromatic poly(amide hydrazides). The inclusion of 0.1 wt% of MWCNTs into these polymer matrices resulted in enhancement of electrical conductivity of nanocomposites compared to unmodified polymer by 104 times. Also, an obvious increase of storage modulus, both dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss (ε″) are enhanced and higher values of complex viscosity are obtained for the novel composites compared to unmodified polymers. FTIR data proved that the inclusion of MWCNTs did not affect the functionalities on the polymer chains. In addition, the dispersion of MWCNTs into bare polymer matrices is studied using transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and atomic force microscope. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E842–E852, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of block composition on the morphology and transport properties of sulfonated fluoroblock copolymer blend membranes
Authors: Guerrero‐Gutiérrez Edward M.A. , Pérez‐Pérez Maritza , Newbloom Gregory M. , Pozzo Lilo D. , Suleiman David
Published: February 2017

This study focuses on the relationship between the transport properties and the morphological changes of ionic block copolymer blend membranes, as a function of the fluoroblock chemical composition and loading. Poly(styrene‐b‐isobutylene‐b‐styrene) was sulfonated and blended with three different fluoropolymers: Poly(styrene)‐b‐poly(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorostyrene)‐b‐poly(2,2,3,4,4,4‐hexafluorobutyl methacrylate) [PS‐b‐PFS‐b‐PHFBMA], a difluoroblock copolymer composed of PS‐b‐PHFBMA and a homopolymer composed of PHFBMA. Equilibrium and transport properties (e.g., ion exchange capacity, water uptake, water content, proton conductivity, and methanol permeability), were shown to be significantly influenced by the chemical nature of the fluoroblock copolymer, the fluoropolymer content, and their resulting morphology. Proton conductivity and methanol permeability were very sensitive to the incorporation of PHFBMA. Polymer blends composed of sulfonated poly(styrene‐b‐isobutylene‐b‐styrene) (SIBS SO3H) and PHFBMA above 9 wt% showed interconnected ionic domains that have a shorter correlation length and high water content, which results in improved transport properties for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:1262–1272, 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis of supported nanocatalysts via novel non‐thermal plasma methods and its application in catalytic processes
Authors: Taghvaei Hamed , Heravi Malihe , Rahimpour Mohammad Reza
Published: February 2017

Heterogeneous catalysis is of great importance in chemical industries. Hence, various approaches are studied to improve catalyst characteristics with the purpose of promoting catalytic reactions. Among them, non‐thermal plasma treatment has attracted more attention due to its low temperature operation, simplicity, and shorter processing time. An extensive review has been performed for better understanding of various aspects of this technique. Unanimously, it is reported that plasma method leads to higher conversion, lower temperature activity and better coke suppression. In light of the investigated literature, application of plasma seems to have potential of starting a revolution in chemical processes. However, it necessitates more works to promote this technology toward industrial application.
Statistical Process Control Based on Optimum Gages
Authors: Aparisi Francisco , Epprecht Eugenio Kahn , Mosquera Jaime
Published: February 2017

Classical statistical process control (SPC) by attributes is based on counts of nonconformities. However, process quality has greatly improved with respect to past decades, and the vast majority of samples taken from high‐quality processes do not exhibit defective units. Therefore, control charts by variables are the standard monitoring scheme employed. However, it is still possible to design an effective SPC scheme by attributes for such processes if the sample units are classified into categories such as ‘large’, ‘normal’, or ‘small’ according to limits that are different from the specification limits. Units classified as ‘large’ or ‘small’ will most likely still be conforming (within the specifications), but such a classification allows monitoring the process with attributes charts. In the case of dimensional quality characteristics, gages can be built for this purpose, making inspection quick and easy and reducing the risk of errors. We propose such a control chart, optimize it, compare its performance with the traditionalandScharts and with another chart in the literature that is also based in classifying observations of continuous variables through gaging, and present a brief sensitivity analysis of its performance. The new chart is shown to be competitive with the use of–Scharts, with the operational advantage of simpler, faster, and less costly inspection. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of structural, magneto‐electronic, and thermoelectric response of ductile SnAlO3 from high‐throughput DFT calculations
Authors: Khandy Shakeel Ahmad , Gupta Dinesh C.
Published: February 2017

Successfully optimized calculations for the stability of SnAlO3 perovskite in its paramagnetic phase and various structural parameters have been figured out in this study. Structural stability and ductile character is reflected from the calculated elastic constants and mechanical properties. Moreover, the melting temperature of the present material has also been calculated. We have discussed in detail, the ground state electronic band structure and paramagnetic character. In addition, the Boltzmann's transport theory has been employed to obtain the Seebeck, electrical and thermal conductivity coefficients so as to manifest the thermoelectric response of the material. Remarkably, the observed high electrical conductivity in inclusion of metallicity and paramagnetic nature is a characteristic of perovskite type electrode materials. The above discussed material properties suggest the possible application of this compound as an efficient electrode material.
Multi‐use unidirectional lattice‐based proxy re‐signatures in standard model
Authors: Xie Jia , Hu Yu‐pu , Gao Jun‐tao
Published: February 2017

The first multi‐use unidirectional proxy re‐signature scheme was proposed by Benoît and Damien in 2008, which allowed translating in one direction and can be re‐translated several times. However, constructing multi‐use unidirectional proxy re‐signature scheme where the size of signature and the verification cost did not increase linearly with the number of translations was left as the open problem. This paper presents an efficient multi‐use unidirectional proxy re‐signature scheme and a multi‐use identity‐based unidirectional proxy re‐signature. They are proven secure in the standard model under the small integer solution assumption. And they solve the open problem left in 2008. Moreover, as proxy re‐signature scheme based on the number theory assumptions is no longer secure in quantum era, they are still secure. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Android‐based storage encryption using multi‐core CPUs
Authors: Alomari Mohammad Ahmed , Samsudin Khairulmizam , Ramli Abdul Rahman , Hashim Shaiful J.
Published: February 2017

The huge proliferation of mobile and handheld devices, such as tablets and Smartphone devices, has come with different threats to the sensitive data and personally identifiable information stored inside these devices. The most efficient way to ensure data protection is through encryption; however, it comes with great impact on these small gadgets, which suffer from limited resources. Majority of recent mobile devices are equipped with increasingly powerful multi‐core processors that researchers can leverage in order to enhance data protection while maintaining proper device performance. In this paper, we introduce a parallel implementation for data encryption inside the storage of Android‐based mobile devices. This work implements a multi‐core design of different encryption ciphers, making use of the commodity multi‐core CPUs available currently in new smart gadget devices, in order to enhance the performance inside these resource‐limited devices. Ciphers XTS‐AES, XTS‐Twofish, and XTS‐RC6 are used during the experiments; however, the main focus is given to XTS‐AES because it is developed specifically for storage encryption. Parallel encryption experiments are conducted on a mobile device, and performance comparisons are presented. The parallel XTS‐AES has shown a maximum performance speedup of 1.71, with 86% efficiency, faster than the serial counterpart, with higher encryption throughput in the device up to 8290 and 11 380 KB/s when using XTS‐AES and XTS‐RC6 ciphers, respectively. In addition, we performed comparison between mobile device and desktop machine using similar experimental setup. It shows that the performance of storage encryption in mobile devices still lags by more than 10 folds when compared with desktop environment. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Software‐defined networking (SDN): a survey
Authors: Benzekki Kamal , El Fergougui Abdeslam , Elbelrhiti Elalaoui Abdelbaki
Published: February 2017

With the advent of cloud computing, many new networking concepts have been introduced to simplify network management and bring innovation through network programmability. The emergence of the software‐defined networking (SDN) paradigm is one of these adopted concepts in the cloud model so as to eliminate the network infrastructure maintenance processes and guarantee easy management. In this fashion, SDN offers real‐time performance and responds to high availability requirements. However, this new emerging paradigm has been facing many technological hurdles; some of them are inherent, while others are inherited from existing adopted technologies. In this paper, our purpose is to shed light on SDN related issues and give insight into the challenges facing the future of this revolutionary network model, from both protocol and architecture perspectives. Additionally, we aim to present different existing solutions and mitigation techniques that address SDN scalability, elasticity, dependability, reliability, high availability, resiliency, security, and performance concerns. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trust aware cooperative routing method for WANETs
Authors: Vamsi P. Raghu , Kant Krishna
Published: February 2017

Wireless Ad‐hoc NETworks are prone to various internal security attacks such as black hole, gray hole, packet modification, etc., because of decentralized and open network operations. Developing soft security systems using trust as the metric has gained significant attention in the security research. These models work in conjunction with routing protocols for mitigating internal security attacks. To this end, this paper presents a behavior‐based trust model for cooperative routing in Wireless Ad‐hoc NETworks. The proposed trust model has been used with ad‐hoc on‐demand distance vector (AODV) protocol (hereinafter Behavior based Trust‐aware Adhoc On‐Demand Distance Vector Routing (BT‐AODV)) to identify and isolate malicious nodes from the routing process. The performance of BT‐AODV is evaluated against recently proposed trust and energy based‐AODV protocol through ns‐2 simulations. The simulation results show that BT‐AODV is robust in detecting malicious nodes, and the network performance metrics such as packet delivery ratio, routing load, end‐to‐end delay, and energy consumption have been significantly improved as compared with trust and energy based‐AODV protocol. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A complete decomposition and coordination algorithm for large‐scale hydrothermal optimal power flow problems
Authors: Wang Chaoqun , Wei Hua , Tan Jiancheng
Published: February 2017

This paper presents a complete decomposition and coordination algorithm to solve large‐scale hydrothermal optimal power flow (HTOPF) problems. Based on the approximate Newton directions method, which decouples the first‐order Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions of the original problem, an HTOPF problem with cascaded hydro plants is decomposed into a thermal plant subproblem with independent optimal power flow solutions for each time period and a hydro plant subproblem combined with fixed and variable heads and cascaded plants issues. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, numerical tests are performed on three large‐scale test systems with up to 3120 buses and 7 531 915 primal–dual variables over 168 time periods. Test results show that the proposed algorithm gives excellent performances in convergence and stability. It not only reduces memory usage significantly but also decreases CPU time by about 65–75%. With parallel computing, it is capable of achieving 10–20 times or even 1000 times speed without loss of optimality. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A new method of power system fault recording based on compressed sensing
Authors: Jiang Wei , Mu Longhua , Zhang Xin
Published: February 2017

Wavelet transform is usually used to deal with the numerous data in fault recording of power systems, but it still needs to sample the signal with a high frequency first and then compress the data obtained. In order to solve the problem, this paper proposes a new fault recording method based on compressed sensing theory. The method can break the limit of Nyquist sampling theorem and acquire the fault signal with a much lower sampling frequency. It presents the theoretical framework of compressed sensing, analyzes the characteristics of the faulty waveform, and proposes a new sparsity adaptive and compressive sampling matching pursuit algorithm to reconstruct the fault signal. Finally, simulation results in MATLAB show that the proposed method performs well at different compression ratios in terms of the norm mean‐square error, signal‐to‐noise ratio, and waveform similarity. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A joint echo cancellation algorithm for quick suppression of howls in hearing aids
Authors: Liang Ruiyu , Wang Xia , Wang Qingyun , Zou Cairong
Published: February 2017

When the echo path of a hearing aid suddenly changes, howls easily occur. To quickly suppress the howls, a joint echo cancellation (JEC) algorithm, which combines the variable step normalized least mean square (VNLMS) algorithm with the notch filter algorithm, is proposed. According to whether the hearing aid howls or not, different strategies are used. First, when there are no howls, the echo signal is estimated using VNLMS and the step factor is computed according to three types of filter states, which are defined based on the normalized distance between the short‐term average and the long‐term average of the filter coefficients. Then, different step factors are used for different states. Second, when there are howls, the update of VNLMS is frozen to stabilize the howl frequency. To improve the detection accuracy, a howling detection algorithm based on the zoom‐fast Fourier transformation (ZoomFFT) is proposed. The ZoomFFT algorithm can analyze the spectrum of a narrowband signal in a specified high sampling frequency. Then, the notch filters based on the estimated howl frequencies are dynamically generated to restrain the howls. Finally, when the howls are suppressed, VNLMS is reactivated. Compared to other echo cancellation algorithms, the proposed algorithm can quickly suppress the howls, and JEC has the best comprehensive performance. Furthermore, the quality of the processed speech is high, and the operation time is short. Thus, the proposed algorithm is suitable for low‐power‐consumption and small‐volume products such as hearing aids. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A novel charging/discharging balancing strategy for lithium battery pack based on mixed charging mode
Authors: Zhou Fengwu , Lv Zhengyu
Published: February 2017

Series‐connected lithium batteries can be charged in the pack‐charging mode, which is most widely used in the lithium battery application field. But the pack‐charging mode will lead to cell imbalance because of the difference in the electrochemical characteristics of the cells of series‐connected batteries. On the other hand, the cell‐charging mode can avoid the imbalance problem by charging each cell independently, but it will reduce the charging efficiency and increase the cost. In this paper, a novel balancing strategy is proposed with a mixed pack‐charging and cell‐charging mode to implement the balancing algorithm. The proposed strategy aims to solve the problem of charge/discharge imbalance with the simplest balancing algorithm with high balancing performance. There is no complex balancing behaviors during the charging process – as is the case with many other existing schemes – so the control algorithm can be greatly simplified. Because each cell can be fully charged and discharged with the proposed algorithm, it helps to make full use of the energy and capacity of each cell. The system stability and reliability of the proposed system, as well as its good performance, are verified through experiments. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A novel multi‐output high‐voltage‐isolated power supply system for semiconductor device series‐connected switches
Authors: Hou Zhe , Li Hongjie , Zhu Chunyang , Sun Haojie , Zhu Mengxin , Ji Shengchang
Published: February 2017

This paper presents a novel scheme of a multi‐output power supply for solid‐state switches based on series‐connected semiconductor devices. By using the loosely transforming method, the system can realize high‐voltage isolation and a compact size, and its application range can be easily expanded to modular designed switch stacks for higher power ratings. The circuit structure and working principles are described. Based on the system operating equations, the design methodology is proposed and applied for parameter specification of a power supply system of two series‐connected switch stacks containing 20 outputs. Detailed calculations are given, and experimental results prove the feasibility of the proposed scheme. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Relationship Between Physicochemical Properties and Moisture Barrier Property of Confectionery Coating Fats
Authors: Cheong Ling‐Zhi , Shen Qi , Chen Fangfang , Wu Juan , Zhang Linshang , Zhang Hong
Published: February 2017

Moisture migration in food causes deleterious effects on food quality such as loss of crispiness in ice cream cones, drying of chocolate with liquid centers, sugar bloom and cracking of compound/chocolate coating. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between physicochemical properties of confectionery coating fats such as fatty acids and triacylglycerol (TAG) composition, solid fat contents, rheological and crystalline properties with their moisture barrier property. Coating fats with high content of trisaturated and desaturated TAG; and high SFC at 25 °C were found to have significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation with its moisture barrier property. These fats were able to crystallize into highly crystalline materials (high SFC) with small crystal size and dense networks. Thus, these fats were able to significantly delay moisture migration. Nevertheless, some of the highly crystalline fats also had high G′ value indicating poor mechanical properties and higher tendency of such fats to crack. In order to have good moisture barrier property, coating fats need to have sufficient solids with small crystal size and dense networks; and also low G′ value. Wafer coated with good moisture barrier fat showed less cracking during storage.
Intracoronary acetylcholine application as a possible probe inducing J waves in patients with early repolarization syndrome
Authors: Maruyama Toru , Fujita Kazumasa , Irie Kei , Moriyama Shouhei , Fukata Mitsuhiro
Published: February 2017

Acetylcholine is widely used for a diagnostic provocation test of coronary spasm in patients with vasospastic angina. Acetylcholine usually induces coronary vasodilatation mediated by muscarinic receptor activation, but sometimes it evokes vasoconstriction of coronary arteries where the endothelium is damaged. Early repolarization syndrome is characterized by a J wave observed at the end of the QRS complex in a surface electrocardiogram. The J wave is attributed to the transmural voltage gradient at the early repolarization phase across the ventricular wall, which stems mainly from prominent transient outward current in the epicardium, but not in the endocardium. Transient high‐dose application of acetylcholine into the epicardial coronary arteries provides a unique opportunity to augment net outward current, selectively, in the ventricular epicardium and unmask the J wave, irrespective of the cardiac ischemia based on coronary spasm. Acetylcholine augments cardiac membrane potassium conductance by enhancing acetylcholine‐activated potassium current directly and by activating adenosine triphosphate‐sensitive potassium current, in addition to the reduced sodium and calcium currents in the setting of severe ischemia due to vasospasm. However, the role of acetylcholine as an arrhythmogenic probe of the J wave induction in patients with suspected early repolarization syndrome warrants future prospective study.
On solutions of the exterior Dirichlet problem for the minimal surface equation
Authors: Kuwert Ernst
Published: February 2017

Uniqueness and existence results for boundary value problems for the minimal surface equation on exterior domains obtained by Langévin–Rosenberg and Krust in dimension two are generalized to arbitrary dimensions. A suitable

n

-dimensional version of the maximum principle at infinity is given.

On présente des résultats d’unicité et d’existence pour l’équation des surfaces minimales sur un domaine extérieur de

ℝ^n

. On donne une généralisation du principe de maximum à l’infini, valable quel que soit

n

.
Non-collision solutions for a second order singular Hamiltonian system with weak force
Authors: Tanaka Kazunaga
Published: February 2017

Under a weak force type condition, we consider the existence of time periodic solutions of singular Hamiltonian systems:

\tag{HS}
\left.\begin{array}{l}
\ddot{q} + \mathrm{V}_{q}(q,t) = 0 \\ q(t + \mathrm{T}) = q(t).
\end{array}\right\}

We assume

V (q, t) < 0

for all

q, t

and

V (q, t)

,

V_q(q, t) → 0

as

|q| → ∞

. Moreover we assume

V (q, t)

is of a form:

\mathrm{V}\:(q\:,\:t) = −\frac{1}{\left|q\right|^{\alpha }} + \mathrm{U}\:(q,\:t)

where

0 < α <2

and

U(q, t) \in C^2 ((\mathbf R^N\setminus \{0\}) × \mathbf R, \mathbf R)

is a T-periodic funetion in

t

such that

|q|^α U (q, t)

,

|q|^{α + 1} U_q(q, t)

,

|q|^{α+2} U_{qq}, (q, t)

,

|q|^α U_t, (q, t) → 0

as

|q| → 0

.

For

α ∈ (1, 2]

, we prove the existence of a non-collision solution of (HS). For

α ∈ (0, 1]

, we prove that the generalized solution of (HS), which is introduced in [BR], enters the singularity 0 at most one time in its period. Our argument depends on a minimax argument due to [BR] and an estimate of Morse index of corresponding functional, which will be obtained via re-scaling argument.

Sous une hypothèse de type force faible, nous étudions l’existence de solutions périodiques de systèmes hamiltoniens singuliers:

\left.\begin{array}{l}
\ddot{q} + \mathrm{V}_{q}(q,t) = 0 \\ q(t + \mathrm{T}) = q(t).
\end{array}\right\}

Nous supposons que

V (q, t) < 0

pour tout

q, t

et que

V (q, t)

,

V_q(q, t) → 0

si

|q| → ∞

.

De plus nous supposons que

V

est de la forme:

\mathrm{V}\:(q,\:t) = −\frac{1}{\left|q\right|^{\alpha }} + \mathrm{U}\:(q,\:t)

où

0 < α < 2

et

U(q, t) \in C^2((\mathbf R^N\setminus \{0\}) × \mathbf R, \mathbf R)

est une fonction T-périodique telle que

|q|^α U (q, t)

,

|q|^{α+1} U_q(q, t)

,

|q|^{α+2} U_{qq}(q, t)

,

|q|^α U_t(q, t) → 0

as

|q| → 0

.

Pour

α ∈ ]1, 2]

, nous démontrons l’existence d’une solution non collision-nelle de (HS).

Pour

α ∈ ]0, 1]

, nous démontrons que la solution généralisée de (HS), introduite dans [BR], passe par la singularité

0

au plus une fois dans la période. Notre démonstration utilise un argument de minimax dû à [BR] et une estimation de l’indice de Morse de la fonctionnelle correspondante, obtenu par un argument de changement d’échelles.
Variability in ice motion and dynamic discharge from Devon Ice Cap, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: VAN WYCHEN WESLEY , DAVIS JAMIE , COPLAND LUKE , BURGESS DAVID O. , GRAY LAURENCE , SHARP MARTIN , DOWDESWELL JULIAN A. , BENHAM TOBY J.
Published: February 2017

Feature tracking of approximately annually separated Landsat-7 ETM+ imagery acquired from 1999 to 2010 and speckle tracking of 24-day separated RADARSAT-2 imagery acquired from 2009 to 2015 reveal that motion of the major tidewater glaciers of Devon Ice Cap is more variable than previously described. The flow of almost half (six of 14) of the outlet glaciers slowed over the observation period, while that of the terminus regions of three of 14 of the glaciers sped up in the most recent years of observation. The North Croker Bay Glacier of southern Devon Ice Cap showed the greatest variability in motion, oscillating between multi-year (three or more) periods of slower and faster flow and exhibited a pattern of velocity variability that is different from that of the rest of the ice cap's outlet glaciers. Comparisons between areas of dynamic variability and glacier bed topography indicate that velocity variability is largely restricted to regions where the glacier bed is grounded below sea level. Derived velocities are combined with measurements of ice thickness at the fronts of tidewater glacier to determine a mean annual (2009; 2011–15) dynamic ice discharge of 0.41 ± 0.11 Gt a−1for Devon Ice Cap. The Belcher Glacier is becoming a larger source of mass loss via ice discharge.
California’s Red Abalone (Haliotis Rufescens) Middens: Comment on Glassow
Authors: Braje Todd J. , Erlandson Jon M.
Published: February 2017

Glassow’s (2015) synthesis of “red abalone middens” on California’s Santa Cruz Island does not include the broader geographic, chronologic, and ecological context to this phenomenon. We explore the wider distribution of these site types and emphasize their importance for addressing modern fisheries management issues.
L. L. Loud
Authors: Kroeber A. L.
Published: February 2017

Llewellyn Lemont Loud, archaeologist and senior preparator in the University of California Museum of Anthropology, died in Oakland, September 6, 1946.

Born August 18, 1879, in Woodland, Aroostook County, Maine, of farming-stock parents of Scotch ancestry settled in Penobscot County (the name was originally McLoud), Loud graduated in the classical course of the Caribou High School at the age of twenty-two, being able to leave the parental farm for study only during the winter months.
The Mexican Connection and the Far West of the U.S. Southeast
Authors: White Nancy Marie , Weinstein Richard A.
Published: February 2017

New World archaeologists have long agreed that there was prehistoric cultural interaction between the southeastern United States and Mesoamerica, but seldom are the details of such potential relationships discussed, especially recently. The farthest westward extent of Southeastern cultural influences, as shown through the distributions of fiber-tempered pottery, Archaic and Woodland mounds, later platform mounds, ceramic styles, and other material culture, seems to be east Texas. Only a few Mexican artifacts have been found at the edges of the Southeast-obsidian at Spiro and coastal Texas, asphalt-covered pottery extending northward from Mexico into southern Texas-though general ideological connections, not to mention the sharing of maize agriculture, seem obvious. In northeast Mexico, outside the Mesoamerican heartland, Huastecan people made artifacts similar to types in the Southeast. But long-distance interactions overland or via the Gulf of Mexico were apparently sporadic, despite some common cultural foundations. Strong Southeastern cultural identities plus the presence of the north Mexico/south Texas desert may have discouraged movement into the Southeast of many important Mesoamerican traditions, such as cotton growing and beer drinking.
San Patrice: An Example of Late Paleoindian Adaptive Versatility in South-Central North America
Authors: Jennings Thomas A.
Published: February 2017

Coincident with the climatic changes occurring during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, a number of regionally distinct Paleoindian projectile-point styles emerged throughout North America. This paper examines one understudied and poorly understood Late Paleoindian style, the San Patrice point. Although traditionally considered woodland-adapted hunter-gatherers, projectile-point distributions indicate that San Patrice groups, utilizing the same hafting and resharpening technologies, also made significant use of plains resources. Raw material sourcing reveals that while all San Patrice populations focused on local toolstone sources, plains bands were more mobile than those in the woodlands. These findings have implications for our greater understanding of Paleoindian adaptations. While some hunter-gatherers developed specialized, environmentally specific strategies, San Patrice groups adopted more generalized strategies enabling them to succeed in diverse settings.
The Neolithic Demographic Transition in the U.S. Southwest
Authors: Kohler Timothy A. , Glaude Matt Pier , Bocquet-Appel Jean-Pierre , Kemp Brian M.
Published: February 2017

Maize agriculture was practiced in the U.S. Southwest slightly before 2000 B.C., but had a negligible impact on population growth rates until the development or introduction of more productive landraces; the ability to successfully cultivate maize under a greater variety of conditions, with dry farming especially important; the addition of beans, squash, and eventually turkey to the diet; increased sedentism; and what we infer to be the remapping of exchange networks and the development of efficient exchange strategies in first-millenium-A.D. villages. Our estimates of birthrates and growth rates are derived from the proportions of immature individuals among human remains. These proportions are somewhat affected by warfare in our region, and perhaps also by climate. Nevertheless, there is a strong identifiable Neolithic Demographic Transition signal in the U.S. Southwest in about the mid-first-millennium A.D. in most subregions, visible a few hundred years after the introduction of well-fired ceramic containers, and more or less contemporaneous with the first appearance of villages. Independent genetic data derived from the mitochondrial genomes of present-day indigenous populations of the Southwest are also consistent with the hypothesis that a major demographic expansion occurred 1,500-2000 years ago in the Southwest.
Understanding Household Population through Ceramic Assemblage Formation: Ceramic Ethnoarchaeology among the Gamo of Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Arthur John W.
Published: February 2017

The goal of this paper is to identify the relationship between ceramic assemblages and household population. This ethnoarchaeological study among the Gamo of southwestern Ethiopia focuses on three villages and the relationship between household population and the ceramic life cycle and vessel uselife. The life cycle analysis in combination with vessel function reveals that household population could be interpreted from vessel frequency and volume. The non-pottery-producing village of Etello displays more correlations between household population and ceramic assemblages than do the two pottery-producing villages of Zuza and Guyla. Furthermore, vessel function plays a principal role in the association between uselife and household population.
Hierarchy, Communalism, and the Spatial Order of Northwest Coast Plank Houses: A Comparative Study
Authors: Coupland Gary , Clark Terence , Palmer Amanda
Published: February 2017

The tension between hierarchy and communalism is a prominent feature of social life in transegalitarian societies. How are hierarchy and communalism combined in these societies? How are they materialized in everyday life? In this paper, we examine the relationship between hierarchy and communalism in the transegalitarian societies of the Northwest Coast of North America. We focus on households, the primary socioeconomic units of the culture area, and on the plank houses that contained them. Despite the apparent contradiction between hierarchy and communalism, we find that in Northwest Coast households with highly developed social hierarchies, communal practices remained deeply entrenched, while in households with weaker hierarchies, communalism was less developed. The relative importance of hierarchy and communalism in daily household life was clearly materialized in the spatial order of plank houses. By simultaneously objectifying both principles, the house may have played an important role in easing the tension between them.
Problems of Ceramic Chronology in the Southeast: Does Shell-Tempered Pottery Appear Earlier than We Think?
Authors: Feathers James K.
Published: February 2017

The chronology of shell-tempered pottery in the eastern United States is poorly understood, preventing any resolution to the question of how this pottery came to dominate ceramic assemblages in the late prehistoric period. Part of the problem lies in traditional dating methods that either provide only average dates that suppress variation or address depositional rather than manufacturing events. Better resolution can be obtained by dating individual artifacts. Luminescence dates for 67 ceramics from several sites in the mid-South show variation in age of ceramics from a single assemblage, strong chronological overlap between shell- and grog-tempered pottery, and suggest that shell-tempered pottery may have been present in low frequencies earlier than generally assumed and before it rose in frequency sometime after A.D. 900.
Adaptive Cycles of Coastal Hunter-Gatherers
Authors: Thompson Victor D. , Turck John A.
Published: February 2017

Along the southeastern Atlantic coast of Georgia, hunter-gatherer groups substantially altered the landscape for more than three millennia (ca. 4,200-1,000 B.P.) leaving behind a distinct material record in the form of shell rings, middens, and burial mounds. During this time, these groups experienced major changes in sea level and resource distribution. Specifically, we take a resilience theory approach to address these changes and discuss the utility of this theory for archaeology in general. We suggest that despite major destabilizing forces in the form of sea-level lowering and its concomitant effects on resource distribution, cultural systems rebounded to a structural pattern similar to the one expressed prior to environmental disruption. We propose, in part, the ability for people to return to similar patterns was the result of the high visibility of previous behaviors inscribed on the landscape in the form of shell middens and rings from the period preceding environmental disruption. Finally, despite a return to similar cultural formulations, hunter-gatherers experienced some fundamental changes resulting in modifications to existing behaviors (e.g., ringed villages) as well as the addition of new ones in the form of burial-mound construction.
Paleoindian Aggregation and Social Context at Bull Brook
Authors: Robinson Brian S. , Ort Jennifer C. , Eldridge William A. , Burke Adrian L. , Pelletier Bertrand G.
Published: February 2017

Large social aggregations are among the most highly organized events associated with mobile hunter-gatherers. The Bull Brook Paleoindian site in Ipswich, Massachusetts provides the strongest case for large-scale Paleoindian aggregation in North America, with 36 discrete concentrations of artifacts arranged in a large circle. Avocational archaeologists who salvaged the site in the 1950s interpreted it as a single occupation. Professionals first rejected and then revived this hypothesis, but the site remained insufficiently analyzed to evaluate. New research supports the single occupation hypothesis with a fully reconstructed site plan and the first complete analysis of artifact distributions. Clear spatial structure of activities within the ring-shaped site plan provides a window on social contexts that are also visible in smaller Paleoindian settlements.
Metric Data in Archaeology: A Study of Intra-Analyst and Inter-Analyst Variation
Authors: Lyman R. Lee , VanPool Todd L.
Published: February 2017

Metric data are regularly presented, analyzed, and compared. Despite acknowledgment that metric data can vary both when collected by one observer and when collected by multiple observers, few studies of these sources of variation in archaeological metric data have been undertaken. Intra-observer and inter-observer measurement errors are examined across four dimensions of 23 modern bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) astragali and five dimensions of 30 specimens of stone projectile point representing 4 culture-historical (temporal) types. Statistical and graphical analyses indicate that measuring dimensions of the same specimens multiple times facilitates determination of dimensions that can be readily and reliably measured and serves to screen data for data recording errors and for dimensions that may be subject to high levels of intra-observer and inter-observer variation.
Adoption and Intensification of Agriculture in the North American Southwest: Notes toward a Quantitative Approach
Authors: Phillips David A.
Published: February 2017

Qualitative models are unable to explain the known variability in the adoption and intensification of agriculture in the prehistoric North American Southwest. Adoption of a quantitative approach (specifically, a model based on marginal costs and benefits) better accounts for that variability.
Significance and Other Frustrations in the CRM Process
Authors: Butler William B.
Published: February 2017

National Register of Historic Places criterion (d) for significance is based solely on the theoretical and substantive knowledge of the discipline. Archaeologists continue to misuse and abuse the term and do not understand its meaning in terms of the cultural resource management process. In so doing, archaeologists often place federal agencies and state historic preservation offices in a quandary as to proper management decisions. Misuse of the concept of significance in the formulation of a research design may seriously jeopardize or curtail making important contributions to the discipline. In addition, the failure to understand the concept of significance may not provide the basis for rational decisions concerning data redundancy, collection strategies, predictive modeling, and mitigation. Problems are compounded when archaeologists employed by federal and state agencies do not understand significance and the cultural resource management process.
Culture: Panacea or Problem?
Authors: Wolf Eric R.
Published: February 2017

Cultures are not integral wholes carried by social isolates. We must distinguish between reality culture and ideology-making, and recognize that the creation or dismantling of cultures always goes on within extensive social fields, structured by the dominant modes of production. It is suggested that ideology-making derives from the prevalent mode of production and is entailed in its operations.
Some Issues in the Philosophy of Archaeology
Authors: Schiffer Michael B.
Published: February 2017

This paper identifies a domain of inquiry that lies at the interface between archaeology and the philosophy of science. I argue that in the recent past archaeology has contributed little to the philosophy of science. This situation can change if archaeologists succeed in calling those issues or controversies that have genuine philosophical import to the attention of philosophers. This paper provisionally explores two such areas: first, the use of ecological principles to explain human behavior; and second, problems of confirmation in ethnoarchaeology.
Professionalism in Archaeology
Authors: Davis Hester A.
Published: February 2017

The recognition of archaeology as a profession requires a certain amount and kind of commitment on the part of those who would call themselves professional archaeologists. The Society of Professional Archeologists was formed to provide the mechanism for that recognition by both archaeologists and others and to provide the support for professionalism in the practice of archaeology.

The lone-wolf scholar, free to set personal and professional responsibilities . . . may be out of date.

—Raab et al. (1980:548)
Modeling Clovis Landscape Use and Recovery Bias in the Southeastern United States Using the Paleoindian Database of the Americas (PIDBA)
Authors: Miller D. Shane
Published: February 2017

In eastern North America, there are few stratified sites dating to the Late Pleistocene epoch (> 11,700 cal B.P.). Instead, researchers have relied on the distribution of surface sites and isolated finds to make inferences about how the early inhabitants of the region used the landscape. While proxies for modern recovery bias have been found to affect artifact recovery at a national scale, in the southeastern United States, I argue, they are poor predictors for the frequency of Clovis type bifaces (ca. 13,250–12,850 cal B.P.) from counties in the southeastern United States as reported in the Paleoindian Database of the Americas (PIDBA). Instead, counties with the highest density of Clovis bifaces are near sources of lithic raw material, and in particular the intersection of major rivers, physiographic boundaries, and lithic raw material sources. I contend that these locations could represent seasonal aggregation loci. Alternatively, they could reflect areas where lithic raw material is more readily available, which may have resulted in higher rates of artifact discard. Determining which of these hypotheses is a more accurate reflection of past human behavior requires that we untangle the degree to which the amount of time people spent at these locations was successive versus coeval.
Direct dating of rock art at Laurie Creek (NT), Australia: a reply to Nelson
Authors: Loy T. H.
Published: February 2017

D.E. Nelson (1993), in the last ANTIQUITY, declared doubts about an old date for rock art in northern Australia we published in 1990. T.H. Loy, another co-author of the original paper, confirms his continuing confidence in the determination.
Unwelcome companions: ancient rats reviewed
Authors: Armitage Philip L.
Published: February 2017

The commensal rats — notably the black rat Rattus rattus and the brown R. norvegicus — are among mankind's most destructive and dangerous enemies, and have spread relentlessly with humans across the globe. A decade after an important ratty meeting at the Natural History Museum, London, in 1981, this noxious rodent pest is again reviewed.
A new approach to interpreting late Pleistocene microlith industries in southwest Asia
Authors: Neeley Michael P. , Barton C. Michael
Published: February 2017

Archaeologists have long assumed that morphological variability in microliths primarily reflects cultural differences among the makers. This forms the basis for differentiating major cultural/temporal traditions in the late Epipalaeolithic of southwest Asia. An alternative explanation for morphological variability is proposed which emphasizes the dynamic aspects of lithic technology in hunter-gatherer societies and questions current explanations of culture change.
Heritage management as postprocessual archaeology?
Authors: Smith Laurajane
Published: February 2017

The postmodern, or ‘postprocessual’, tendency in contemporary archaeology pays much attention in its rhetoric to that wider public, that wider constituency whose views of the past may not match much or at all with the academics. What happens when the realities of archaeology in the real world meet with those of postmodern theory?
A Grooved Ware wooden structure at Knowth, Boyne Valley, Ireland
Authors: Eogan George , Roche Helen
Published: February 2017

A new find at Knowth, the site in eastern Ireland famous for its complex of Neolithic passage-tombs, of a wooden structure associated with that enigmatic later Neolithic material, Grooved Ware.
Radiocarbon and archaeomagnetic dates from Konispol Cave, Albania
Authors: Petruso Karl M. , Ellwood Brooks B. , Harrold Francis B. , Korkuti Muzafer
Published: February 2017

Albania, isolated from Europe for nearly half a century, was closed to absolute archaeological dating during that time. New dates from an unusual large cave-site in southern Albania go beyond the single first radiocarbon date published for the country in ANTIQUITY in 1991, and permit the establishment of a radiocarbon and archaeomagnetic sequence.