bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF BLANCHING PRETREATMENT ON COLOUR AND ANTHOCYANIN OF DRIED SLICE PURPLE SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas L)
Authors: Mughni Nur Tsalits Fahman
Published: October 2019

Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) contains many acylated anthocyanins which are beneficial for human health. Purple sweet potato roots are easily damaged due to the high water and nutrient content. To extend the shelf life of purple sweet potatoes can be done by a drying process. The drying process can affect the color and amount of anthocyanin. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of blanching on color and the amount of anthocyanin of dried slice purple sweet potato. The blanching method studied was steam blanching with a temperature of 70oC-80 oC and blanch with boiling water 90 oC – 98 oC for 2 minutes. To measure the amount of anthocyanin by the pH difference method and measure color using the chromameter tool. The results showed that the steam blanching technique produced a higher color and amount of anthocyanin of dried chips purple sweet potato compared to blanching boiling water. This is because Anthocyanin dissolves in water. The conclusion is to get the color and the relatively high amount of anthocyanin in dried pieces of purple sweet potato can be done by steam blanching.
“PENTINGNYA PENGETAHUAN PERAWAT TENTANG KEBIJAKAN KESELAMATAN PASIEN UNTUK MENGURANGI INFEKSI NOSOKOMIAL”
Authors: Syafridayani Fadillah
Published: October 2019

Penulisan kajian ini berjutuan untuk memberi informasi kepada perawat betapa pentingnya pengetahuan tentang kebijakan keselamatan pasien untuk mencegah infeksi nasokomial pada pasien yang sedang dirawat di rumah sakit.Metode yang dilakukan dalam penulisan kajian ini adalah metode pengumpulan data yang kemudian dianalisis dan disimpukan, dimana data-data tersebut diambil dari sumber referensi seperti teks book, e-book, dan jurnal. Dan bedasarkan pencarian referensi didapatkan bahwa mengapa penting bagi seorang perawat untuk mengetahui tentang kebijakan keselamatan pasien untuk mencegah infeksi nasokomial karena antara lain sebagai berikut : Untuk mempermudah melakukan asuhan keperawatan yang baik dan benar, Mengurangi angka terjadinya infeksi nasokomial pada pasien di rumah sakit, serta mempermudah bekerja sama dengan keluarga dan pasien dalam pencegahan infeksi nasokomial.
TUJUAN DAN MANFAAT KONSEP DASAR PROSES KEPERAWATAN TERHADAP ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN
Authors: Syafridayani Fadillah
Published: October 2019

kajian ini dibuat untuk memberi informasi mengenai tujuan dan manfaat konsep dasar keperawatan terhadap asuhan keperawatan. Dalam kajian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data dan menganalisis data atau yang dikenal dengan sebutan literature review. pengumpulan data pada kajian ini diambil dari sumber data, adapun sumber data tersebut dalam kajian ini adalah subjek dari mana data diperoleh teks book, e-book dan jurnal. Berdasarkan pencarian literatus atau sumber data dapat disimpulkan bahwa tujuan konsep dasar proses keperawatan terbagi menjadi dua yaitu tujuan umum dan tujuan khusus serta manfaat konsep dasar keperawatan terbagi menjadi tiga yaitu manfaat umum, manfaat klien dan manfaat perawat. Perawat harus memiliki dan mengetahui konsep dasar proses keperawatan agar dalam menjalankan tugasnya dapat memberikan asuhan keperawatan yang benar,tepat dan sigap. Karena konsep dasar proses keperawatan merupakan ilmu dasar yang sangat penting untuk dimiliki oleh seorang perawat.
review article
Authors: parengkuan angel kristiani
Published: October 2019

review about article
Indonesian AW Mid-term
Authors: adawiyah nuruzzaitun
Published: October 2019

Indonesian Language and Academic Writing Technique Mid-Term
PENERAPAN KEBIJAKAN KESELAMATAN PASIEN DI RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Safitri Rizka
Published: October 2019

Kesalamatan pasien (Patient safety) bukan merupakan hal baru untuk didengar. Keselamatan pasien (patient safety) rumah sakit adalah suatu sistem di rumah sakit yang digunakan untuk membuat asuhan pasien lebih aman. Upaya yang digunakan di rumah sakit untuk meningkatkan keselamatan pasien antara lain melalui program tujuh langkah menuju keselamatan pasien dirumah sakit dan penerapan standar keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit. Langkah awal dalam mencapai keselamatan pasien tersebut adalah melalui budaya keselamatan pasien yang disertai dengan kepemimpinan yang baik. Hal ini tertuang dalam tahap pertama program tuju langkah menuju keselamatan rumah sakit yaitu bangun kesadaran akan nilai keselamatan pasien, ciptakan kepemimpinan dan budaya terbuka serta adil. Penerapan kebijakan keselamatan pasien sangat erat kaitannya dengan lingkup kepemimpinan.
Memutus Rantai Infeksi dalam Menjaga Keselamatan Pasien
Authors: Hrp Eva Romayani
Published: October 2019

Perkembangan infeksi rumah sakit (Health Care Associated infection) sampai saat ini meningkat, mulai dari yang sifatnya sederhana sampai dengan yang kompleks, melibatkan berbagai faktor. Terjadinya infeksi di rumah sakit (nosokomial dan komunitas) dan upaya untuk mengendalikan infeksi ditentukan oleh komitmen rumah sakit dalam menjaga mutu, kontrol infeksi, dan keselamatan pasien. Infeksi nosokomial didefenisikan sebagai infeksi yang berkembang selama tinggal di rumah sakit. Semua pasien memiliki risiki 20% terkena infeksi nosokomialbaik dari petugas kesehatan maupun pengunjung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji sikap perawat dalam upaya untuk mencegah infeksi nosokomial di rumah sakit di dasarkan pada teori health belief model. Variabel health belief model yang dapat digunakan sebagai penentu pencegahan infeksi nosokomial adalah kerentanan, keseriusan dan manfaat. Ribuan pasien di seluruh dunia meninggal setiap hari karena terkena infeksi ketika mendapatkan perawatan kesehatan. Hal ini disebabkan karena transmisi mikrobakteri patogen dari tangan petugas kesehatan selama menerima perawatan kesehatan. Hand hygiene adalah aspek yang paling penting untuk mencegah transmisi mikrobakteri patogen dan mencegah infeksi nosokomial. Kesadaran hand hygiene pada petugas kesehatan merupakan perilaku yang mendasar dalam upaya mencegah infeksi silang.
Examining interpersonal self-transcendence as a potential mechanism linking meditation and social outcomes
Authors: Kang Yoona
Published: October 2019

Distinct types of meditation practice addressed in this review can help cultivate skills people may bring to later social interactions. We examine self-transcendence, or the drive to benefit others beyond the self, as a key mechanism through which meditation may promote positive social outcomes. Self-transcendence cultivated through various styles of meditation can impact social outcomes through two main pathways: First, self-transcendence can turn rigid, defensive self-focus into flexible and receptive self-construals. Second, it can increase positive other-focus by integrating reward and social signals in the brain. These accounts offer one practical solution of positively transforming social relations and highlight potential usefulness of considering self-transcendence in researching social effects of meditation.
Neuroimaging and genetic correlates of cognitive ability and cognitive development in adolescence
Authors: Ritchie Stuart James , Quinlan Erin Burke , Banaschewski Tobias , Bokde Arun L.W. , Desrivieres Sylvane , Flor Herta , Frouin Vincent , Garavan Hugh , Gowland Penny , Heinz Andreas , Ittermann Bernd , Martinot Jean-Luc , Martinot Marie-Laure Paillère , Nees Frauke , Papadopoulos Orfanos Dimitri , Paus Tomáš , Poustka Luise , Hohmann Sarah , Millenet Sabina , Fröhner Juliane , Smolka Michael N. , Walter Henrik , Whelan Robert , Schumann Gunter
Published: October 2019

Adolescence is marked by changes in cognitive abilities and in several MRI-based measures of brain structure. This study took an individual-differences approach to help understand adolescent cognitive development in a large-sample longitudinal cohort, the IMAGEN study (initial n = 2,316). We used a latent change score model to assess the associations between levels and changes in the brain’s grey-matter regions and latent general cognitive ability between ages 14 and 19 years. As expected, higher cognitive ability was correlated with higher cortical volume and larger surface area, with more ambiguous results for cortical thickness. Higher-ability participants at age 14 tended to have accelerated subsequent cortical thinning, as well as cortical volume loss. There was no statistically significant link between changes in cognitive ability and changes in the brain measures we used. We also attempted to predict levels and changes in the brain and in cognitive ability using a polygenic score for genetic variants linked to educational attainment: the score was modestly associated with the baseline measures, but did not predict the trajectory of change in any measure to a statistically significant degree. Age-14 cortical volume and surface area—though not cortical thickness—mediated a portion (9-10%) of the association between the polygenic score and age-19 cognitive ability. These findings demonstrate how large-sample data can shed light on the links between brain and cognitive ability in this important phase of the lifespan.
How Behavioural Economics Relates to Psychology - Some Bibliographic Evidence
Authors: Braesemann Fabian
Published: October 2019

Whether behavioural economics has a fundamental influence on economics is debated by behavioural and heterodox economists as well as by methodologists and historians of economics. At the core of this debate is the question whether behavioural economics is shaped by large-scale content imports from psychology, or whether these transfers have been too selective to challenge dominant approaches in economics. This study contributes to the debate in analysing a variety of bibliographic data from the disciplinary boundary between economics and psychology. Two datasets from the boundary of behavioural economics and psychology are compared to sets of economic and psychology publications in quantifying the use of mathematics, the share of empirical contributions, the authors’ academic background, and their cross-citations via network analysis. In contrast to proposals made by some methodologists and behavioural economists, the statistical results confirm content transfers from psychology via behavioural economics only to a limited extend. The observed level of interaction provides evidence for a selective import of specific psychological findings by a small number of established investigators in behavioural economics. These findings were then intensively debated as divergences from rationality within the growing, but econ-centered community of behavioural economists.
Mining the Automotive Industry: A Network Analysis of Corporate Positioning and Technological Trends
Authors: Stoehr Niklas , Braesemann Fabian , Zhou Shi
Published: October 2019

The digital transformation is driving revolutionary innovations and new market entrants threaten established sectors of the economy such as the automotive industry. Following the need for monitoring shifting industries, we present a network-centred analysis of car manufacturer web pages. Solely exploiting publicly-available information, we con- struct large networks from web pages and hyperlinks. The network properties disclose the internal corporate positioning of the three largest automotive manufacturers, Toyota, Volkswagen and Hyundai with respect to innovative trends and their international outlook. We tag web pages concerned with topics like e-mobility & environment or autonomous driving, and investigate their relevance in the network. Toyota and Hyundai are concerned with e-mobility throughout large parts of their web page network; Volkswagen devotes more specialized sections to it, but reveals a strong focus on autonomous driving. Sentiment analysis on individual web pages uncovers a relationship between page linking and use of positive language, particularly with respect to innovative trends. Web pages of the same country domain form clusters of different size in the network that reveal strong correlations with sales market orientation. Our approach is highly transparent, reproducible and data driven, and could be used to gain complementary insights into innovative strategies of firms and competitive landscapes.
New perspective? Comparing Frame Occurrence in Online and Traditional News Media Reporting on Europe’s “Migration Crisis”
Authors: Czymara Christian S. , van Klingeren Marijn
Published: October 2019

News media have transformed over the last decades, with rising online news suppliers and an increase in online news consumption. We examine how reporting on immigration differs between popular German online and print media over three crucial years of the so-called immigration crisis, from 2015 to 2017. This study extends knowledge on framing of the crisis by examining a period covering start, peak, and the time after the intake of refugees. Moreover, we establish whether online and print reporting differs in terms of both frame occurrence and variability. The period of the crisis provided an ideal test to see whether the focus of media reporting differed between online and print sources. Employing a most similar cases design based on (autonomous) online and print versions of three major German news outlets, we extract the dominant frames in almost 18,500 articles using algorithm-based topic modelling. While results indicate that many frames are more visible in either online or print media, these differences often do not follow theoretical expectations. Furthermore, online media are dominated more by particular frames and, hence, show less diversity than print media. However, important key events happening during our period of investigation do not affect overall diversity of frames.
The EU Commission’s Digital Tax Proposals and its Cross-platform Impact in the EU and the OECD
Authors: Lips Wouter
Published: October 2019

The EU Commission’s directive proposals on corporate taxation of digital multinationals, especially the digital services tax (DST), show the increased assertiveness of the Commission on taxation matters. Both inward and outwards in the parallel OECD negotiations on digital taxation. By drawing on Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework, elite interviews and policy documents, I assess the dynamics of the proposal at the EU and OECD. While the DST will fall short in the EU Council due to unanimity requirements, I argue that the Commission actually achieved its pre-prescribed goals. Within the EU, it provided coherency for unilateral DSTs by member states. At the OECD, the proposals increased the threat of uncoordinated unilateral measures. This created a period of uncertainty and pressured laggard states, which helped lead to a tentative window for reform. As such, the proposals are an example of cross-platform policy entrepreneurship by the EU Commission, projecting influence despite unanimity constraints.
Bercerita Cerita Clara
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: October 2019

Artikel ini mengurai cerita Clara Ng yang difokuskan kepada kehidupan pribadi, karier kepenulisan, dan gaya penulisan. Uraian dilakukan menggunakan metode kualitatif pendekatan naratif bentuk kajian biografi. Partisipan sebagai sumber data dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling yang dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik wawancara secara informal tipe retrospective untuk diperiksa keabsahan dan keandalannya menggunakan external audit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Clara Ng mulai menulis setelah mengalami keguguran, kemudian terus berlanjut dengan meluncurkan novel, cerita pendek, antologi cerita pendek, buku anak, dan beberapa koleksi cerita dongeng. Kecenderungan gaya yang dimiliki Clara ialah mengangkat perempuan sebagai karakter utama dalam setiap karyanya. Cerita anak-anaknya yang ditulis dimaksudkan untuk membuat anak-anak lebih empati.
The Pre-modern Peasant Family and its life Cycle Pattern
Authors: Koyama Takashi
Published: October 2019

In discussing the household composition of the modern Japanese family it is a prerequisite to have a clear understanding of the family composition in the pre-modern era in Japan. This is because in modern Japanese society the structural transition from the extended to the nuclear family has been steadily progressing, and at the same time the family still clearly maintains its traditional nature.

Local official documents called “Documentation on the Religious Affiliation” (Shumon Ninbetsu Aratamecho) were kept from the middle of the 17th century when the Tokugawa Shogunate initiated the censorship of the people's religious affiliation. These documents now serve as a valuable source of information on the population, the household, family composition and change during the feudal period in Japan.

This article attempts to clarify empirically the changing pattern of family composition of the households in a farming village, Yamazaki, presently a part of Isawa Town, Yamanashi Prefecture, approximately 130 kilometers west of Edo (present-day Tokyo). The data were obtained from the Documentation on the Religious Affiliation in Yamazaki vii I age from 1802 to 1861, a period regarded as the terminal stage of the feudal Tokugawa Shogunate. Four major findings emerged. First, under the dominant extended family system in pre-modern Japanese society, as many as half of of the households in the village adopted forms of the nuclear family. Secondly, a basic pattern of the developmental cycle in the Japanese family was recognized. This family life cycle is as follows: “Household with collateral relatives”→“Household with lineal ancestors and descendants”→“Household with unmarried children”→“Household with married children.” Thirdly, the length of one family life cycle in the parent-child-centered extended family system tended to last for approximately 23 to 24 years. Fourthly, the analysis of the living capacity index revealed that each family experienced decay and prosperity during its family life cycle.

For a full understanding of the modern family system in changing Japanese society, we should be aware of the contextual differences accompanying the phenomenal similarities between the two popular orientations of the family system in Japan: the one the extended and the other the nuclear family system.
The Irish Elderly Who Live Alone: Patterns of Contact and Aid
Authors: Gordon Michael , Vaughan Richard , Whelan Brendan
Published: October 2019

Employing data from a recent national the survey of people 65 and over residing in Republic of Ireland, questioning the assumption that living alone constitutes a problem, this paper uses multiple regression analysis to explore variation in recency of contact with (1) children, (2) siblings and (3) access to aid during illness. While theoretically coherent variables explain a substantial amount of variation in recency of contact with children and to a lesser degree with siblings, only a modest amount of the variation in aid during illness is explained.
The Role of the Family in the Resocial ization of Juvenile Offenders
Authors: Coull Victor Charles , Geismar Ludwig L. , Waff Angela
Published: October 2019

Sixty juvenile offenders placed on probation in three provincial centers surrounding the city of Melbourne, Australia were studied over a 15 month period. A comparison of the recidivist half of this group with those who committed no further offenses revealed some striking differences in the social functioning of their respective families as well as in the latter’s attitude toward their child, their acceptance or rejection of a resocialization role, and the degree of their cooperation with the probation agency. The implications for correctional policy lead to a suggestion for an intervention strategy which, depending on a family’s level of functioning, utilizes degrees of family-agency partnership.
Old Age Security Value of Children and Development: Cross-National Evidence
Authors: Kagitcibasi Cigdem
Published: October 2019

This paper presents some of the findings of the nine-country “Value of Children Study” pertaining to the perceived value of children in providing old-age security to their parents. To what extent this value is attributed by parents to their children and what benefits are expected from children are assessed in thecontext of socio-economic development. Specifically, it is found that with development the old-age security value of the child decreases, which appears to be a key process contributing to lower fertility as well as to the modification of values concerning the place of the child and the care of the aged in society. Thus, the value attributed to the child forms an explanatory link at the individual level between development and declining fertility.
Rights and Obligations in Filipino American Families
Authors: Almirol Edwin B.
Published: October 2019

This study examines the network of rights and obligations found in the Filipino American family. I show that family and kinship links are extended to provide a broader base for interdependence and mutual support. This paper relates economic adaptation to family organization and function.

The data were gathered by participant-observation, formal and informal interviews, and by collecting extensive life and family histories. The data are derived from a continuing study of a Filipino community in Central California between 1973-74 and 1978-80.
Adolescents’ Perceptions of Family Decision-Making and Autonomy in India, Australia and the United States
Authors: Poole Millicent E. , Sundberg Norman D. , Tyler Leona E.
Published: October 2019

As part of an ongoing investigation of the possibilities adolescents have for exercising choice, groups of high school boys and girls in small towns in India, the United States, and Australia responded to set of questions about their own autonomy. They indicated whether a variety of decisions about their actions and plans were primarily made by their mother, their father, another family member, someone outside the family, or themselves, and they reported their desires for independence. An analysis of variance with follow-up t-tests indicated that American and Australian youth perceive themselves as most autonomous, and Indian youth see the greatest influence by family members especially the father. Contrary to expectations, there were no overall sex differences in perceptions of autonomy. A second study in the same American community comparing decade changes showed a somewhat increased autonomy in later years. Suggestions for further conceptual and methodological developments are discussed.
Male Migration Machismo, and Conjugal Roles: Implications for Fertility Control in a Mexican Municipio
Authors: Wiest Raymond E.
Published: October 2019

Migration of married men to the United States provides the primary source of support for an increasing number of Mexican rural families. Extensive research in a rural Mexican mestizo municipio provides firm evidence that migratory married men continue to fulfill traditional familial obligations associated with their gender and even provide for household comforts leading to a rise in social status. Conjugal families are maintained but women’s dependence is increased, while men continue to realize the ideals of machismo and associated dominance. The issue of fertility control is analyzed in this context to illustrate how migration, as an acceptable economic strategy, is used to resolve a paradox, turning fertility control from a negative attribute for males into a positive one.
Loose Structure of Family in Honduras
Authors: Kendall Carl
Published: October 2019

This paper places the rural Ladino family in; Honduras in ethnographic perspective. It discusses Gudeman’s analysis of rural Panamenian life (1969) and applies the arguments presented there to materials collected in rural Honduras. Although Gudeman rejects the preeminent role of kinship in his study this paper demonstrates that kinship, defined as a system of consanguineal ties, is the major morphological component of rural domestic organization. To validate this argument first a componential analysis of Ladino kinship is presented. To demonstrate the impact of kinship on other institutions and to isolate the consanguineal basis of kinship, ritual kinship is discussed. Finally, to demonstrate the importance of extra-residential kin ties, the paper discusses adoption and fosterage.
A Logit Analysis of Living Arrangements in Canada: A Comparison of the Young and the Aging
Authors: Kyriazis Nat Alie , Stelcner Morton
Published: October 2019

This paper analyzes the determinants of living arrangements in Canada based on the 1979 Micro Data file, Economic Families, issued by Statistics Canada. The analyses were conducted separately on four groups i.e. males and females 18-34, and 50 years of age and over, all of whom are either widowed, separated or divorced. Given that the dependent variable is dichotomous, the estimation method used was logit analysis. The findings indicate that increasing age, higher education, residence in Western provinces and employment in managerial occupations increases the probability of living alone for both older men and women. A comparison with the younger subsamples shows that regional variations in living arrangements are less important and that the effect of urban residence differs by sex. Contrary to expectations, income has a statistically significant effect only for younger females.
Permanency Planning and Child Placement Law and Policy: A Slogan and its Limitations
Authors: Chisholm Richard
Published: October 2019

Permanency planning refers to policies designed to ensure that children grow up in a permanent family. More specifically,. the term stands for strategies seeking either to support children in their own home or to move swiftly to adoption. Permanency planning has become widely accepted as a framework for child welfare programmes, and as a measure of the adequacy of laws relating to child welfare and adoption. This article offers a critical view of at least the more dogmatic statements of the permanency planning approach. It considers how far permanency planning is supported by research evidence, and the extent to which it provides a satisfactory framework for developing social and legal policy relating to children. An argument is advanced that, while drawing attention to important aspects of children’s needs, permanency planning tends to become a slogan that identifies children’s welfare with a simplistic view of the nuclear family, obscures important policy issues relating to public intervention, and tends to create a climate highly threatening to low income and minority groups. The paper refers to several recent Australian discussions in which permanency planning is treated with caution, and concludes with an account of recent developments in Australian children’s law, which, it is argued, embody a more satisfactory and flexible approach.
Perception of Old Age among Yoruba Aged
Authors: Togunu-Bickersteth Funmi
Published: October 2019

Survey of 432 Yoruba aged 55 and above on their perception of old age illustrates the crucial role of the cultural milieu in determining the functional definition of old age and in identifying factors important for life satisfaction in later years.

The results raise important issues regarding the applicability of the theories of successful aging to a transitional society where the economic and psychological support of adult children is indispensable to an aged’s survival.
The Family Photo Assessment Process (FPAP): A Method for Validating Cross-Cultural Comparisons of Family Social Identities
Authors: Blinn Lynn
Published: October 2019

The purpose in the pilot study reported here was to develop a process to test, quantitatively, the relationship between information about families’ social identities arrived at through three different sources: 1) coders’ ratings of family photographs, 2) family self-ratings of social identity, and 3) family scores on a true and false instrument that measures social identity. The process that was developed has been labeled the Family Photo Assessment Process or FPAP.

From the results of preliminary testing, it appears that coders can be trained to reliably assess several dimensions of the family’s social identity from viewing family photos and interviewing family members. It also appears that there are cultural differences in the dimensions discernable from family photos. Subsequently research will reveal if these cultural differences are evident in comparisons between American and Japanese photos.

The long range questions are: Will the family photo album emerge as another “slice of data” on which to access family social identity? Will the family photo album emerge as a source of information on which to make cross-cultural comparisons of family life?
“Joint” Conjugal Roles and “Extended Families”: A Preliminary Note on a Mode of Classifying Conjugal Family Relationships
Authors: Cantab Christine Oppong Ph. D.
Published: October 2019

A brief account is given of a mode of classifying data collected in conjugal family studies. It is a direct outcome of the current documentation and analysis, by the author, of aspects of the conjugal norms and behaviour of educated urban Ghanaians, from a variety of ethnic and social backgrounds. Dissatisfaction with the inadequacies of much current terminology and scepticism regarding several unproven assumptions about conjugal relationships and changes taking place in them, in various urban contexts, led to an effort to evolve a method of categorising data, universally applicable and relevant to the aims of much contemporary analysis of the conjugal family. Two concepts, already current in some studies, have thus been modified and combined. One concerns the jointness or segregation of conjugal interests and activities. The other is about the open or closed nature of the conjugal family, that is the degree to which it is a functionally individuated unit.

The basic approach, the focus upon jointly held rights and duties is patterned upon that familiar from the early classic studies of rural, African kinship systems, characterised by segmentary unilineal descent groups. The value of the method is illustrated through references to examples of its application to Ghanaian family data.
Attribute of II “Asexuality” in Korean Kinship and Sundered Koreans during the Korean War
Authors: Kim Choong Soon
Published: October 2019

On the basis of the anthropological fieldwork on sundered Korean families whose dispersal took place during the Korean War (1950-1953), this article delineates the attribute of "asexuality (the condition of having no connection with sex)" and its function in Korean kinship. Since Korean kinship system is a father-son dominant one with the attribute of asexuality, "love" as it is used by Westerners cannot be applicable to the Korean system. Sundered Korean family members seem to indicate that the relationship between husband and wife does not appear to be dominant over the other kin relationships.
Chinese Immigrant Families in Australia: A Variety of Experiences
Authors: Crissmaw Lawrence W.
Published: October 2019

This paper begins. by suggesting an estimate of 200,000 (or 11/4 percent of the total population) of the number of Chinese in Australia in 1988, but makes the point that the aggregate number is not very salient because of the great diversity in the backgrounds of the ‘Chinese’ in the country. The various categories of people who in one way or another identify (or are identified as Chinese) are briefly discussed in the historical context of their arrival. The Chinese survivors of the White Australian Policy numbered only 12,094 in 1947, of whom 6,678 were Australia born (only 3,778 of those being ‘full Chinese’, according to the census). With the abandonment of all such immigration restrictions in 1966, the arrival of educated, largely Anglophone Chinese increased greatly, and in 1981 there were estimated to have been 13,750 from China and Tai war., 10,100 from Hong Kong, 11,350 from Malaysia, 3,000 from Singapore, 2,500 from Papua New Guinea, and some 8,500 from elsewhere in the world apart from refugees from Timor (6,000) and Indochina (30,000). Australian- born Chinese numbered 12,000 in the same year. Over 10 per cent of the total of neariy 90,000 were students, principally from Hong Kong and Southeast Asia, or transients who did not have the right to remain in Australia. Student numbers continued to grow to 15,000 in 1985, as did the numbers of Indochinese refugees in particular, 60 to 80 percent of whom have been ethnic Chinese. These trends have continued, producing the overall guess as to the number of last year noted at the begining of this abstract.

Various factors other than the national origins of immigrant and locally born Chinese that might differentiate among them, such as wealth and class, occupation, residence patterns, and religious affiliations, are then examined. However, their various cultural backgrounds acquired in their countries of birth or rearing, not their ancestral origins in different parts of China, from the primary basis for the segmentation and association of resident Chinese, directly influencing their situations in Australia and the degree to which they integrate or assimilate. Whatever their parents’ national backgrounds, ‘Chinese’ children who enculturate in Australia have particular problems in defining their identities, but most have little difficulty in attaining an education and participating in mainstream Australian society. Therefore, despite the manifold cultural and experimental differences among the ‘Chinese’, in Australia, their children are all growing up to be Australian culturally, although their identity may be problematic or contextual.
The Varieties of Other Caucasian futramarriage in Hawaii 1987
Authors: Leon Joseph J. , Weinstein Michael G.
Published: October 2019

This article examines intramarriage among three subpopulations of “Other Caucasians” in Hawaii: Armed Forces personnel, born-in-Hawaii residents, and residents not born in Hawaii. The Other Caucasians is a histroically-evolving residual category of ethnic designation known on the United States mainland as "whites". The central hypothesis is that Armed Forces Other Caucasians will have the highest intraethnic marriage rate and born-in-Hawaii Caucasians the lowest. Other hypotheses relate to how the variables of age, education, occupation, island of residence, civil versus religious marriage, and number of this marriage may affect the intraethnic marriage rates.Using 1987 marriage license data from the State of Hawaii Department of Health, the results show support for the different rates of intraethnic marriage by type of Other Caucasian. Additional findings are that civil versus religious marriage, number of this marriage, and island of residence have an effect as well. The conclusion is that the subpopulations of Other Caucasians in Hawii are not similar in their intraethnic marriage practice; and generation of residence is most important for differentiating these categories. In addition, the longer the residence in Hawaii the more likely the Other Caucasians wid share in the tradition of Hawaii, a place characterized by high rates of interethnic marriage.
Children’s Labor Force Participation in the World System
Authors: Drenovsky Cynthia K.
Published: October 2019

In developing countries today children play significant economic roles. Field studies show that children in many developing countries are economically active in both rural and urban settings. This cross-national study investigates the economic roles of children in contemporary developing and developed countries. Dependency theory guides hypotheses that a less developed country’s dependence on the more developed core countries (measured by multinational corporation penetration and commodity concentration) serves to create a labor market within the less developed country where children are economically active. Additional hypotheses regarding the influence of female labor force participation on increased child labor and urban growth on increased child labor are also tested.

Regression analyses, based on demographic data from 70 developed and developing countries, reveal that dependency variables (multi-national corporation penetration and commodity concentration) are not positively related to children’s labor force participation. Urban growth and female labor force participation however, are positively related to children’s labor force participation. These results suggest an important link between women’s roles and the roles of children and the influence of urbanization on children. The utility of dependency theory to the understanding of children’s labor force activity is also challenged.
Child Maltreatment: A Test of Sociobiological Theory
Authors: Malkin Catherine M. , Lamb Michael E.
Published: October 2019

Five hypotheses regarding child maltreatment were derived from sociobiological theory and tested using data on 69,119 families and 113,748 abused children. It was predicted that: I) nonbiological parents would engage. in more severe types of abuse than would biological parents; 2) in two-biological-parent households, biological fathers would maltreat their progeny more than would biological mothers; 3) biological parents would abuse their progeny while their children were very young, whereas nonbiological parents would not show a predictable age-related pattern of abuse; 4) when biological parents from poorer families abused their progeny, the victims would tend to be male, whereas when biological parents from more affluent families abused their progeny, the victims would tend to be female; and 5) children Ii vino with female relatives who were past their reproductive prime would be at low risk for abuse. Only two of these hypotheses were supported: biological parents abused younger rather than older children, whereas nonbiological parents did not show a predictable age-related pattern of abuse; and female relatives past their reproductive prime tended to commit less severe types of abuse than did female relatives still reproductively capable.
Repeated Home Leaving Behavior of American Youth
Authors: Tang Shengming
Published: October 2019

Using the 1987-88 National Survey of Families and Households, this paper examines predictors of repeated home leaving. Four major categories of variables are included in the analysis: family structure, family formation, personal characteristics, and control variables. It is found that repeated home leaving is best predicted by respondents’ age, at first home leaving, race, and divorce/separation status. Children from non-biological or non-intact families are less likely to repeat home leaving, but children from families that received public assistance tend to return and releave home more. The findings on military service, student status and family’s socioeconomic background suggest that further research in these regards is necessary.
Migration, Family, and Household in Highland Yemen: The Impact of Socio-Economic and Political Change and Cultural Ideals on Domestic Organization
Authors: Stevenson Thomas B.
Published: October 2019

As elsewhere in the Middle East, the Yemeni family is described as patrilineal, virilocal, and extended. This gloss is often inaccurate, but in the central highlands of the (former) Yemen Arab Repulic, this family type represents both the cultural ideal and the social norm. Drawing on data from ten rural communities, this paper examines the convergence of family form and household composition. Recognizing that internal dynamics are probably central to household unity or division, five activities identified by Wilk and Netting (co-residence, production, transmission of property, reproduction, and distribution of resources) are discussed.
Impact of Acculturation On Socialization Beliefs and Behavioral Occurences Among Inda-Canadian Immigrants
Authors: Ycan Zeynep A , Kanungo Rabtndra N.
Published: October 2019

The acculturation process and its impact on socialization beliefs of first and second generation lndo-Canadians were examined using a sample of 558 respondents from 105 families. A questionnaire was designed and administered in a semi-structured interview fonnat. The study reports validity and reliability of the two measures: acculturation attitudes based on Berry’s ( 1984) model, and socialization beliefs. Integration was the overwhelming preference for both parents and children, followed by separation for parents, and assimilation for children. Three dimensions of socialization beliefs were identified. The first dimension, ‘parental guidance in children’s social life’, was positively related to integration; the second dimension, ‘parental control over children’s social and moral life’ was positively associated with separation; and the third dimension ‘children’s autonomy without parental involvement’ was positively correlated with assimilation. Integration was associated with fewer behavioral and disciplinary problems of children. Children of parents who preferred assimilation, and children who favoured separation faced disciplinary and behavioral problems more often.
Computers And The Family Life: A Family Development Perspective
Authors: Wait David , White James M.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this paper is to review issues and research findings related to the effects of computer use on the family. One of the major challenges for such an undertaking is to develop a framework with which to organize relevant data and issues. The organization of this paper is based on the utilization of stages of family development. In addition to outlining seven stages of family development and associated issues pertaining to computers, propositions linking family development and ecological theory are used to explain the linkage between technological change, role change, and family development. This paper suggests a program of research for family scholars based on the theoretical orientation developed in this paper along with the current empirical findings.
Women’s Employment and its Effects on Bengali Households of Shillong, India
Authors: Dutta Mousumee
Published: October 2019

This paper examines the effect of the employment of women on the structure and functions of households within the Bengali community in a part of northeastern India. Despite its demographic significance, this cultural grouping remains largely unstudied from a sociological point of view. The results of the present study show that the entrance of women into the paid work force, the rate of which has increased in recent years, has had a partially transformative effect on the household, in the sense that responsibility for domestic tasks and for domestic decision-making is increasingly being shared by both spouses. In addition, unmarried women are coming to view the marriage bargain in distinctly non-traditional terms. The results suggest that paid employment has the potential to alter deeply-embedded and well-established cultural norms.
Family Structure and School Attendance Among Children 13-16 in Argentina and Panama
Authors: Vos Susan De
Published: October 2019

This paper examines the relative likelihood of an adolescent 13-16 being in school by his or her family situation in two Latin American countries, Argentina and Panama. Both countries had moderate levels of school attendance but rather different socioeconomic conditions and marital patterns. Family situations included parents who were unmarried, consensually married or formally married, and family households that were singleparent, simple two-headed or complex. Children’s living arrangements were diverse and differed between countries, but despite this, the study finds that children living in formally-married two- parent simple family households in both countries were most likely to still be in school after controlling for a number of factors thought to affect school attendance. The finding could inform debates about the nature of social reproduction under different family regimes.
Intergenerational Transmission in Turkish Immigrant Families: Parental Collectivism, Achievement Values and Gender Differences
Authors: Phalet Karen , Schönpflug Ute
Published: October 2019

The main objective of this empirical research is the analysis of intergenerational transmission and integration of repatriate families from the former Soviet Union in Germany. Repatriates are of German origin generally coming from Eastern Europe, where their ancestors migrated about 250 years ago. They are permitted to immigrate into the Federal Republic of Germany if they can prove their German origin and a discrimination in the country they live because of their German culture. They can be distinguished from other migrant groups in Germany not only by their cultural closeness to the native population, but also by their legal status upon immigration. They are equal in civil rights to the German population after their admission. Therefore, most people assume that these immigrants do not have any problems to integrate into Germany. But as Germans amongst Germans, being fully supplied with all civil rights, repatriates are still in a real, and very complicated immigration situation. Alltogether 427 same sex parent-child dyads of repatriates from the former Soviet Union were interviewed. The empirical analyses are based on an evolution with standardized questionaires. Special regard is given to the question, how individual skills, contextual restrictions, and familial factors effects the process of acculturation of migrant families from the former Soviet Union in Germany. Specifically the analysis examines how the parent generation influences the children generation and how this affects their integration process.
Intergenerational Transmission and Integration of Repatriate Families from the Former Soviet Union in Germany
Authors: Steinbach Anja
Published: October 2019

The article provides the reader with dimensions of the meaning of living of migrant population in Vienna in discussing the structural components, the background of migration and the strategies to adapt to the new situation.

It is quite obvious that migrant population under research in Vienna, which comes from southern European countries, mainly from Serbia, Bosnia and Turkey are living in substandard conditions, conditions which are often lower than they had in their home country. The way of dealing with that situation is influenced by the migration process where we identified three dimensions-

a) From house to an apartment,

b) From rural community to urban individuality and

c) Home as a knot of family relations.

The reactions to the new situation have been found to be mainly investment in the apartment, extending the flat to the public sphere and living in virtual contact with the country of origin. This leads us to the conclusion that the main problem in dealing with the housing situation is the “ambivalence of significant symbols” meaning different interpretation of the structural conditions of different populations.
Consensual Unions in Latin America: Persistence of a Dual Nuptiality System
Authors: Martin Teresa Castro
Published: October 2019

Nuptiality patterns have undergone significant transformations in the past decades. The increase in cohabitation is one of the trends that has recently attracted growing attention in the demographic and sociological literature. However, research has focused almost entirely on the developed world. This study highlights that cohabitation is not a phenomenon exclusive to Western industrialized countries; in fact, its prevalence is higher in Latin America and the Caribbean, where the proportion of unions built on a consensual basis ranges from 12 per cent in Chile to 62 per cent in the Dominican Republic. Consensual unions in this region have some distinctive features: their historical roots, their pervasiveness among all age groups, and their status as a socially accepted context for childbearing. This study documents the current prevalence of consensual unions in Latin America, examines recent trends, and explores how these “unregistered” partnerships fit into the family formation process, i.e. their stability and their role in relation to childbearing. Using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) for 9 countries, we examine how women in legal and consensual unions differ regarding their socioeconomic background and their family formation trajectories. A logit analysis is performed to gain further insight into the factors associated with being in an informal versus a formal marriage.