bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
399 – Psychiatric Morbidity and Alcohol Use Among Clients Seeking Treatment in Government Drug Rehabilitation Centre, Malaysia
Authors: Abd Rashid R.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Psychiatric morbidity and concomittant alcohol use are associated with poor outcomes among substance dependent individuals.

Objective:

To investigate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and alcohol use among the inmates and their psychosocial correlates.

Methods:

Cross-sectional study involving 201 inmates age 18 years and above with written consent who currently seeking treatment on volunteer basis under the government run rehabilitation centre in sunagi Besi, Kuala Lumpur. The study was conducted in December 2011 with approval from the Ethic committee board from the university hospital. The psychiatric morbidity measured by MINI Neuropsychiatric Inventory (MINI ver 5.0) and alcohol use measured by AUDIT.

Results:

The current prevalence of anxiety and depression are 27.9% and 39.8% respectively. The lifetime prevalence for depression is 21.9%. We also found that lifetime and current prevalence of alcohol use are 77% and 37% respectively. Univariate analysis showed significant association between psychiatric morbidity and alcohol use among this group of inmates (Odd ratio=1.9, P< 0.05) and educational status(Odd ratio =, p< 0.05). However, no significance association found between alcohol use with age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, religion and methadone treatment status. 73.1% of inmates also receiving methadone maintenance therapy during the study take place. Mean dose of methadone is 52.2mg daily (minimum 25mg daily, maximum 119mg daily).

Conclusions:

There is high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and alcohol use among the inmates seeking treatment in government run rehabilitation centre on top of receiving methadone treatment. Therefore, this centre need specialised care to cater the dual diagnosis group clients.
411 – Prenatal Stress Induced Depression-Like Behavior and its Impacts on PGLUR1 Expression
Authors: Zhang X. , Zhao X. , Tang G. , Guan L. , Wang D. , Sun H. , Zhu Z.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Epidemiological studies have convinced that prenatal stress (PS) might cause offspring depression.

Objectives and aims:

Our pervious research work certified that PS can increases the glutamate level of hippocampus of rat offspring, which inspired us to explore the pathogenesis of depression by focusing on glutamatergic system.

Methods:

Pregnant rats were randomly assigned to control group (CON), mid prenatal stress group (MPS) and late prenatal stress group (LPS). The pregnant rats of MPS and LPS were exposed to restraint stress on days 7–13, 14–20 of pregnancy three times for 45 min respectively. Tail suspension test (TST) was performed to examine the depression like behavior and Western-blot were used to test phosphorylated GluR1(pGluR1) of AMPAR expression in the hippocampus, striatum and frontal cortex of one month rat offspring.

Results:

For both male and female offspring, the time of immobility of TST in LPS (156±11, 155±12) and MPS (173±15, 155±12) was significantly longer (P< 0.05) than CON(118±8,113±12), the latency in MPS (18±3, 24±3) was significantly shorter (P< 0.05) than CON (30±5, 58±11). The pGluR1 expression in hippocampus and frontal cortex in LPS (1.77±0.45, 1.00±0.09) and MPS (1.65±0.51, 1.05±0.18) were significantly lower (P< 0.05) than CON (3.72±0.86, 2.05±0.34) in male rat offspring.

Conclusion:

It is suggested that the PS may induce depression like behavior in rat offspring, and glutamate receptors subunit pGluR1 might be involved in the etiology of depression.

(The research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No: 30970952, 18110059).
426 – Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Treating Psychological Disturbances in Adolescents Who Experienced Bullied Experiences: Randomized Case Control Study
Authors: Tang T.-C. , Huang S.-Y.
Published: July 2013

Background:

This case-control study aimed to assess the intervention effects of six-session interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-A) on reducing the severity of anxiety and depression in adolescent victims.

Methods:

A total of 30 adolescents who had clinical significant level after experiencing bullied experiences were allocated to a six-session course of IPT-A (N = 15) or to treatment as usual (TAU) (N = 15). T test was performed to examine the effect of IPT-A on reducing the severity of anxiety and depression related to the bullied events.

Results:

Pre-intervention age, sex, anxiety and depression showed no significant difference between two groups. As the preintervention severity of two groups were no significant different, results showed the IPT-A group to have significantly lower post-intervention severity levels of anxiety and depression (p< .05) than the TAU group. Effective size showed moderate to high level between IPT-A and TAU.

Conclusions:

The results of this study support the effectiveness of the IPT-A in improving anxiety symptoms and depression in adolescents experiencing traumatic bullied experiences.
427 – Reasons of Withdrawing in Iranian Drug Addicted Males
Authors: Fararouei M. , Abasi A. , Karimzadeh Shirazi K.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Understanding the mechanism of withdrawing in drug addicted patients is a key factor in controlling addiction problem. Social characteristics and history of addiction including attempts to withdraw were measured in 362 drug addicted males referred to treatment centres or were accessed via some other addicted persons in Yasouj, Iran.

Results:

More than 70% of participants reported at least one attempt for withdraw during their addiction period. The main method of withdrawal was methadone replacement (39%). The main reason to quite is reported as tiredness from addiction (37%) and family pressure (25%). The average duration of withdraw at first attempt is 132 days (vary from 1 to 2580 days).

Conclusion:

Most drug addicted individuals tried to quite (once at least) using a private method. The reason for using private methods is possibly to prevent being known and marked as addicted in their community. It seams that a maturation level (tiredness) or pressure from family is needed before attempting to quite. However, efforts predominantly fail as most patients return to drug shortly.
429 – Clinical/Legal Divides in the Assessment and Treatment of Sex Offenders: American, Canadian & European Comparisons
Authors: French L.A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

A wide divide exists between punitive versus treatment perspectives regarding the treatment of sex offenses, notably paraphilias, within Western societies with the United States leading the punitive perspective and Europe the clinical treatment focus of this continuum. Indeed, despite new inroads in treatment protocols, convicted sex offenders in the U.S. are given a life-sentence of social/legal stigma, a fate not even assigned to convicted murderers.

Objectives:

To review the legal actions of various governments against the current state-of-the-art diagnostic and treatment protocols for treating paraphilia - based on the Depo-Lupron, Triptorelin model.

Method:

Analyze the U.S., Canadian, and European systems relevant to the Exclusion-Inclusion Spectrum regarding sex offenders where EU nations focus on treatment and inclusion back into society while the USA demonizes and excluded paraphilias.

Results:

In the USA, the action of conservative groups has resulted in compulsory sex offender registration, community notification, and civil commitment beyond the completion of criminal sentences, regardless of the effectiveness of clinical treatment. In 2007, Human Rights Watch called for an end to the registration of juveniles, residency restrictions, and the availability of online registration list that is the foundation of the USA model. In contrast, Canada sex offenses are handled at the federal level. In December 2004, Canada passed its Sex Offender Information Registration Act where their registry is accessible only to Canadian law enforcement and is maintained by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. It is unlawful for citizens to access the sex offender database or to distribute this data.
452 – Epidemiology of Suicide and Attempted Suicide Derived from the Health System Database in Islamic Republic of Iran: 2001–08
Authors: Ahmadzad-Asl M. , Saberi-Zafaghandi M.B. , Hajebi A. , Eskandarieh S.
Published: July 2013

Aims:

Suicide is an important public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of suicide and attempted suicide in Iran.

Methods:

A retrospective study from March 2001 to March 2008 examined some characteristics of cases of suicide and attempted suicide in the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the health system database of 41 medical universities.

Results:

A total of 53 100 cases of suicide and attempted suicide were analysed. Just over half were among women (55.0%). The most favoured method of attempted suicide among both males and females was drug overdose. Self-burning was more frequent in females (5.8%) while hanging (4.5%), cutting (2.8%) and firearms (0.5%) were more common in males. There were 3883 (7.3%) completed (fatal) suicides. Hanging had the highest case fatality rate (76.5%) and drug overdose the lowest (2.3%). Older people had a higher mortality rate.

Conclusion:

Suicide and attempted suicides increased from 8.3 per 100 000 population in 2001 to 19.4 in 2005, then declined to 16.3 in 2008.
455 – Antibiomania, Acute Manic Psychosis Following the Use of Antibiotics
Authors: Klain V. , Timmerman L.
Published: July 2013

Background:

There are in the literature a few case reports about the development of a manic-psychotic features after the use of antibiotics.This side effect is compared to the frequent and widespread use not very common.

Goal:

Awareness about the potential neuropsychiatric side effects of antibiotics.

Case report:

A 53 year old man was seen with since two days manifest agitation, religious utterances, confusion, sleep disturbance and sexual disinheriting. He started ten days before admission a course with Amoxicillin / Clavulanic-acid 500/125 mg t.i.d. for erysipelas to the right leg. He seems to be manic psychotic. During the hospitalization he refused to take the prescribed risperidon. He took only the lorazepam. On the third hospital day the psychiatric symptoms were fully remitted. He had two years ago the same psychiatric symptoms after a seven-day treatment with cotrimoxazole. His condition is completely disappeared within 24 hours after cotrimoxazol discontinuation and without any intake of psychotropic drugs. Pathophysiology: Unclear. Possibly interact antibiotics with different neurotransmitters: for example penicillin inhibits GABA- A and benzodiazepine receptors. This leads to a stimulation of the central nervous system resulting in neurotoxicity and reduction of the seizure threshold. The inhibition of the hepatic P450 enzyme system which results in increased serum levels of antibiotics and subsequently to neurotoxicity. Prostaglandins and cortisol may also play a role.

Conclusion:

Manic-psychosis as a side-effect of antibiotics is rare and the symptoms usually disappear within a few days after stopping the antibiotic and a treatment with psychotropic drugs is usually not necessary.
461 – Delusional Disorder in an Iranian Man with Anorexia Nervosa: A Case Report
Authors: Sheikhmoonesi F.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Anorexia Nervosa is a serious mental illness and is frequently seen in young females in childhood and adolescence. The most common ages of onset of anorexia nervosa are the mid teens.

Objectives:

To our knowledge this is singular report of a case of delusional disorder in which Anorexia Nervosa preceded the onset of psychotic symptoms. Age and sex of our case are unusual in Anorexia nervosa.

Aim:

In this report a rare case of Anorexia nervosa is presented in which the patient is a 32 year old male with poor socioeconomic background from a developing country who subsequently experienced a distinct onset of delusional disorder. After four weeks, delusional disorder and Anorexia Nervosa resolved due to treatment by atypical antipsychotics (Risperidone).

Results:

The association between anorexia Nervosa and Delusional Disorder is important. In the case which is reported here delusional thoughts started six month after anorexia nervosa when the patient became extremely thin and cachectic.

Conclusion:

In fact the theory of occurrence of psychotic disorder as a result of severe malnutrition is intensified.
467 – The Relationship between Internet Addiction and Body Mass Index in Turkish Adolescents
Authors: Canan F. , Yildirim O. , Ustunel T.Y. , Sinani G. , Ozturk O. , Gunes C. , Kaleli A.H. , Ataoglu A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

It is widely accepted that obesity is a major public health problem in the world. The rapid rise in prevalence suggests environmental factors are responsible. Increased use of information and communication technology is also reported to be associated with increased rates of obesity.

Objectives:

Although many studies have analyzed the impact of televison viewing on obesity, the association of excessive Internet use with body mass index (BMI) has heretofore been evaluated only in relatively few studies.

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to investigate Internet use patterns and Internet addiction among adolescents and to examine the correlation between problematic Internet use and BMI.

Methods:

The study was conducted among 1938 students, aged between 14 and 18 years. Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Eating Attitudes Test, and a sociodemographic query form were used in the collection of data.

Results:

According to the IAT, 10.5% of the study sample was a ‘problematic Internet user’ or an ‘Internet addict’. A significant positive correlation between BMI and IAT (r = 0.307; p < 0.01) and weekly Internet use (r = 0.215; p < 0.01) was found. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant independent association of IAT with BMI (r = 0.235; p < 0.001). Web surfing, watching online videos, chat rooms and Internet messaging, and playing online games were significantly associated with increased BMI (p< 0.05).

Conclusions:

These results indicate an association between the Internet addiction and BMI. Further studies are needed to describe the causality of this association.
469 – Diagnosing Complex Patients in Specialised Units
Authors: Rossen C. , Buus N. , Nielsen B. , Stenager E. , Stenager E.
Published: July 2013

Recent developments of the Danish Health Care Sector have created new, large scale specialised units with standardized trajectories for patients undergoing diagnostic assessment. In the present study, the assessment process is defined as the psychosocial process through which clinical knowledge about the patients’ illness is collected and evaluated.

A group of patients, the complex patients, present diffuse symptoms and may have rivalling illnesses and needs help from various specialised functions. This group of patients can have problems getting their diffuse symptoms categorised and legitimised.

The aim of the study is to gain knowledge about how complex patients are diagnostically assessed in specialised units. The focus will be on organizational, professionals and patient perspectives. Knowledge about diagnostic assessment is important because it is a great individual, social and economic problem that complex patients are circulated in the health care system without a proper diagnosis and treatment.

The diagnostic process will be examined in two specialised units, a sclerosis unit and a mental health unit. Both clinics are specialised in assessment of patients who have complex problems. The clinical experience is that these units often get patients referred, which have not been possible to assess anywhere else in the system.

The sample will consist of 20 patients, who are categorized as complex patients, as well as the healthcare professionals who are affiliated with the patients. Data will be collected by means of ethnographic fieldwork, interviews, audio recordings of consultations, collection of journals and written material from the units.
474 – Self Identity and Holistic Recovery from a Critical Cardiac Event
Authors: MacFarlane D.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Adherence after a coronary event to an aerobic exercise programme greatly improves self confidence, survival and quality of life. Even so, and for reasons largely as yet unexplored, over seventy per cent of survivors of a critical cardiac event fail to adhere to their recovery programme. As a result, there is an avoidable foreshortening and reduced quality of life.

Objectives:

This research looks at reasons why engagement and adherence to a cardiorehab programme is so poor even when longer-term survival from a coronary event and quality of remaining life is at stake.

Aims:

To explore fatalistic self-beliefs that are activated by a life-threatening event and that interfere with life-enhancing and life-lengthening intervention strategies that can be put in place.

Method:

The primary instruments were ISA (Identity Structure Analysis) and mini-COPE, placed within an ADKAR (Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, Reinforcement) framework of self-management.

Results:

All subjects, independent of engagement and clinical outcome, achieved comparable scores in awareness, desire and knowledge about their conditions. Subjects who adhered least well to cardiorehabilitation programmes were stuck in identity states of moratorium or foreclosure. These results are looked at in detail to demostrate the heuristic value of ISA for psychosomatic medicine.

Conclusion:

Blanket education programmes for subjects in recovery from a coronary event are mostly ineffectual unless the structural pressures of self-beliefs that contribute to self-handicapping are adequately addressed.
479 – Opinions about Elderly Suicide and Reasons for not Killing Oneself among Community-dwelling Young-old Chinese Elders
Authors: Tsai Y.-F. , Chen Y.-J. , Lee S.-H. , Lee H.-L.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Suicide rates are high for older persons worldwide. However, no literature could be found on young-old people’s opinions about elderly suicide and the beliefs/expectations that protect them from attempting suicide.

Objectives:

To explore opinions about elderly suicide among community-dwelling young-old people in Taiwan and their reasons for not killing themselves.

Method:

A qualitative descriptive design was used. Young-old (65–74 years old) outpatients were recruited by convenience from two randomly selected medical centers in northern Taiwan if they had never expressed suicidal ideas and had no severe cognitive deficit. Data were collected in individual interviews and analysed by content analysis.

Results:

Among 31 participating young-old people, most participants (87.1%) had heard of elderly suicide. Their opinions about elderly suicide reflected negative emotional reactions (32.3%), judgmental attitudes (32.3%), could happen after losing the meaning of life (9.7%), and expectations of social welfare (9.7%). Reasons for not killing themselves fell into six major themes: living well (32.3%), suicide cannot resolve problems (22.6%), fear of humiliating their children (16.1%), religious beliefs (12.9%), never thought about suicide (12.9%), and living in harmony with nature (12.9%).

Conclusion:

Among the factors that prevented participants from killing themselves, perceptions of living well and of children’s filial behavior, as well as rational thinking could be adjusted. These factors can be addressed and improved by healthcare providers and policy makers to prevent suicide among the young-old. Our findings may also serve as a reference for geriatric researchers in western countries with increasing numbers of elderly ethnic minority immigrants.
483 – Forensic Psychiatric-Psychological Characteristics of Sexual Offenders against Children and Adolescents in Lithuania
Authors: Daskevicius K. , Marcinkeviciene J. , Joneliukstiene V. , Zukauskas G.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

In the past two decades sexual offences against minors in Lithuania increaed dramatically (from 45 cases in 1994 up to 344 in 2010, 3151 in total, of which only 25% had been directed to psychiatric examination. In our judicial practice neither pedophily nor any sexual disorder is considered to substantiate perpetrator's insanity.The aim of research: to establish some mental peculiarities of sexual offenders against minors, their personality traits and reasons of sexual encroachment.

Sample and methods:

We compiled a special questionnaire to analize all 787 psychiatric and psychological examinations completed in 1994–2010 in cases of sexual offences against minors.

Findings and discussion:

The offender in these cases is likely to be a single male of 20–30 years, below secondary education, unemployed, w/o criminal history, having contacted psychiatrist due to mental retardation, personality or behavior disorder. Mental disorder was previously diagnosed in 41% (+ 20% added during the examination, mostly with personality/behavior disorders and abating neurotic/affective/stress disorders and mental retardation). Among those recommended for insanity (N=61) 49% made disorders of schizophrenia spectrum. Only 11% of the total had owned the perpetration and gave their motives.

Conclusions:

Pedophilia was diagnosed in 1,3% of the sample, revealing no specific personality traits except of more notableindependence.

Sexual offences against minors are perpetrated equally by pedophiles, people with other mental problems and the mentallysound, so prevention and education are indispensible while serving the punishment and afterwards.

Preventive measures and sexual education should be addressed to violence and child abuse in family.
491 – Efficacy of Original Anticonvulsant Galodif in Treating of Patients with Compulsive Craving to Alcohol, Associated with Alteration Levels of Steroid Hormons
Authors: Shushpanova T.V.
Published: July 2013

Objective:

Disturbances in exciting and inhibiting functions in brain can induce high nerve excitation laid down in basis of high risk of alcoholism. Alcoholism is associated with abnormal levels of certain neuroactive steroids: progesterone (PG) and cortisol (CS), more severe in different ethnic groups. Drugs that normalize levels of neurosteroid hormones (NS) are perspective in treating of alcohol abstinent patients.

Method:

Clinical evaluation of state of patients was conducted with clinical-psychopathological and clinical-dynamic method. RIA kits from blood serum in examined persons measured assay of cortisol and progesterone before and after treatment with Galogif.

Results:

Alterations levels of NS in alcoholic patients suggest the abruption regulation of NS as one of the mechanisms of development of compulsive craving for alcohol. Comparative study of NS levels in blood serum of alcoholic patients showed significant decrease the level of PG, compared with healthy donors; investigations levels of CS showed significant increase of alcoholic patients. Using original anticonvulsant Galodif (meta-chlor-benzhydrylurea) during 21 days in dose 300 mg day in alcoholic patients cased induced reduction of symptoms, specific for AWS. Dynamic reduction of total scores of Hamilton scales (anxiety and depressive disorder) was quicker in investigative patients. Galodif decreased level of CS on 138% and increased level of PG on 160%, making it means like in healthy donors from control group.

Conclusion:

Drugs, that normalize levels of NS, modulating function of GABAARs, are perspective and may constitute new approaches in psychopharmacotherapy of alcohol craving and prevention of relapses in alcoholic persons.
500 – Prescribing Anti Psychotics for Behavioral Problems in Dementia Patients
Authors: Al-Taiar H.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Dementia is a serious loss of global cognitive ability in a previously unimpaired person, beyond what might be expected from normal aging. There are about 820,000 people in the UK with dementia (Alzheimer's Research Trust 2010).

Aim:

To show whether we compiled with the Department of Health in prescribing antipsychotics for dementia patients. All the patients have an indication recorded for the prescribing of antipsychotics including target symptoms.

Methodology and selection:

We included all the patients with dementia who were under the care of the MCPCT Older Adult Team (Outpatients, inpatients, and memory assessment clinics) between April 1st 2011 - June 30th 2011.

Results:

Antipsychotics were used in 11% of patients with dementia, there’re were clear guidelines as to what the indications were in each case. The initiation of treatment was almost within the scope of specialist mental health services. The review was done by consultants. The indication for antipsychotics were psychotic symptoms (delusions and hallucinations) in nearly 40% of cases. In 50% of cases we tried to stop the antipsychotics with successful cessation in half of that sample. The maximum duration was less than 3 months in 82% of cases.

Discussion:

It is clear that antipsychotics are infrequently used in older adult population with Dementia who are under the care of our teams (only 11%) which is much less than what the Department of Health report's figures.
505 – The Relationship between Personality Characteristics, Excitement Seeking and Coping Strategies in Sari
Authors: Monfared N. , Behzadnia M.
Published: July 2013

The purpose of this study, the relationship between personality characteristics, excitement seeking and coping strategies are the students of Islamic Azad University of Sari. Study subjects were 100 male and female students. In this research, correlation method was used for sampling, simple random sampling from the Faculty of Science and Technology were selected. Used in this study were: excitement seeking Zuckerman Inventory, NEO Personality characteristics and coping strategies Billings and Moss (1981). For data analysis, in addition to using descriptive statistics, regression analysis was used. Results showed that the thrill-seeking personality traits and coping strategies in relation to students, there is a (P <. /.. 1). The use of problem-oriented strategy and excitement seeking subtests significant relationship was found, but in small scale is a relation between personality characteristics. Also, the use of emotion-oriented strategies and test chips and the thrill-seeking personality traits are significantly Relationship. Overall results indicate that personality characteristics of individuals affected students will be thrilled. Between neurosis and emotion-oriented coping strategies and positive and significant relation between flexibility and consensus-oriented ways of coping with negative and significant, there is the excitement. The relationship between moral and positive ways of coping is problem oriented.
510 – Future Directions for European Psychiatry - A 30 Year Perspective
Authors: Sartorius N.
Published: July 2013

The promises of the 1980’s painted a very attractive image of mental health care in the early 21st century. The paradigms of community care, of shifting tasks of mental health care to primary and general health care, of technology in the service of people, of the dispersion of stigma of mental illness and of effective rehabilitation supported by new methods of treatment seemed to be sufficiently robust to carry mental health programmes to new heights, to ensure the promotion of mental health and to improve the life of people with mental illness and their families to an unprecedented level.

Now, in the second decade of the 21st Century we can see that some of the paradigms on which mental health programmes were to be built are obsolescent and that the promised state of affairs as far as mental health is concerned has moved still further into the future. The presentation will examine the currently held paradigms of mental health programmes and of psychiatry and draw attention to areas of possible improvements in their formulation.
516 – Why (Not) Go East? Comparison Of Fda Inspections from CEE, We and us Investigational Site Inspections
Authors: Caldron P.H. , Gavrilova S.I. , Kropf S.
Published: July 2013

Investigational sites in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have been increasingly utilized by pharmaceutical companies since the mid-1990s due to high levels of subject enrolment into clinical trials. Data quality from CEE clinical trials has been the subject of question. From the FDA's publicly accessible Clinical Investigator Inspection List, an analysis of findings and outcome classifications from FDA inspections during Investigational New Drug (IND) studies was undertaken to compare the results for the CEE region with those of Western European countries and the USA. From the beginning of inspections of sites in CEE in 1994 to the end of 2010, 4865 were routine data audits (DA): 401 in Western Europe, 230 in CEE, 3858 in the USA, and 376 in other countries. In these DA inspections, the average number of deficiencies per inspection ranged from 0.99 in CEE to 1.99 in Western Europe. No deficiencies were noted during 16.6%, 39.0%, and 21.5% of the inspections in Western Europe, CEE and USA, respectively. No follow-up action was indicated following inspections for 36.9% in Western Europe, 55.7% in CEE, and 44.3% in US sites. CEE was the region with the lowest percentage of inspections requiring official or voluntary action. The high productivity of CEE sites appears to be accompanied by regulatory compliance as well as by data quality standards that are not inferior to those in Western regions. Causes for regional differences and limitations of the data will be discussed.
519 – Nonpharmacological Approaches to Treatment of Cognitive Functions in Patiens with Mild and Moderate Dementia
Authors: Luzny J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Dementia is severe mental disorder which should be treated both with pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches.

Objectives, aims:

To evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological approaches influencing cognitive functions we used in routine practice in inpatient women psychogeriatric ward in Mental hospital in Kromeriz and satisfaction with these activities in hospitalised patients.

Methods:

At the beginning and at the end of hospitalisation was used range of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clock Drawing Test (CDT) to make an indicative assessment of cognitive functions, and at the end of hospitalization was used a controlled interview.

Results:

At the end of hospitalisation there was no significant evidence of improving cognitive functions (short period of research is the most probable reason). Nevertheless, psychotherapeutic activities were evaluated by clients positively.

Conclusion:

Non-pharmacological approaches have important position in treatment of dementia, together with pharmacological and support therapy.
525 – Online on Campus: Internet Addiction and Personality in English University Students
Authors: Kuss D. , Griffiths M. , Binder J.
Published: July 2013

A number of studies suggests that for a small minority of users, excessive engagement with the Internet can lead to Internet addiction. Internet addiction has been linked to specific personality traits. Research indicates that Internet addicts score high on introversion, and low on agreeableness and emotional stability. In terms of populations at risk for developing Internet addiction, university students have been identified. They have free and unlimited access, flexible schedules, and university settings can foster social intimidation and alienation. Sixty percent of students jeopardizes their academic and professional performance because of their Internet habits and in order to cope, they engage in Internet activities excessively. Internet addiction in students is claimed to be as high as 15% in Taiwan, however, no such data exists for English students. In order to fill this gap in knowledge, a web-based study on the prevalence of Internet addiction and its associations with personality traits in UK university students (N = 2257) was conducted. Results indicate that 3.2% of the sample can be classified as potentially addicted to the Internet. A combination of online shopping and neuroticism decreased the risk for Internet addiction, whereas online gaming together with openness to experience increased it. Moreover, frequent usage of online shopping and social online activities, high neuroticism and low agreeableness significantly increased the chances of being addicted to the Internet. Findings and their implications are discussed.
534 – The ATF6-Calreticulin Axis: A Prime Model for the Contribution of Low Frequency Deleterious Mutations to Major Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Ohadi M.
Published: July 2013

The activating transcription factor 6/calreticulin (ATF6/CALR) axix has a crucial role in the unfolded protein response. We screened the ATF6 and CALR regulatory regions for low frequency mutations linked with major psychiatric disorders. ATF6 and CALR were sequenced in groups of patients (n-780) vs. controls (n = 910). Luciferase dual Glo and electromobility shift assay were used to analyze the function of disease-related mutations. We report very low frequency functional mutations in ATF6 and CALR in a spectrum of patients afflicted with major psychiatric disorders and not in the controls. Those mutations had a dominant effect in gene expression and resulted in an increased gene expression vs. the wild-type alleles. We also observed that those mutations significantly alter the effect of the most widely-used mood stabilizer valproic acid (VPA) in human neuronal cell lines LAN-5, U87, and HEK-293, and are indeed the site of action for VPA. Mutation -220A in the promoter of CALR reverses the promoter block to the ancestral type and is the first instance of a cognition-deficit mutation reversing a human gene promoter to the primitive type. We found significant difference in protein binding patterns between mutant -220A and wild-type -220C version. A role for CALR in the evolution of cognition may also be speculated following the characteristics of the -220A mutation. We have, to date, screened 4,034 genes expressed exquisitely in the brain, and conclude that CALR nucleotide -220 is a unique candidate, human-specificity of which may be crucial to higher order brain functions.
535 – The Clinical Spectrum of Neurosyphilis Today
Authors: Daey Ouwens I.M. , Fiolet A.T.L. , Ott A. , Koehler P.J. , Verhoeven W.M.A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Neurosyphilis is a complication of syphilis, due to invasion into the central nervous system of Treponema pallidum, subspecies pallidus. Although neurosyphilis may remain asymptomatic, symptoms can develop at any time after initial infection. Early forms include syphilitic meningitis, meningovasculitis and ocular disease. Dementia paralytica, or “general paralysis of the insane”, and tabes dorsalis used to be the most frequent forms of late neurosyphilis. Several reports, however, suggest a changing clinical presentation of neurosyphilis. Atypical neuropsychiatric syndromes seem to be more prevalent than in the past. Inadvertent treatment with antibiotics prescribed for unrelated diseases and improved serological methods are probably the most important contributing factors. Accelerated progression from syphilis to neurosyphilis in HIV seropositive patients has also been reported.

Objectives:

This prospective study aims to investigate the clinical spectrum of neurosyphilis in patients whose cerebrospinal fluid was tested positive for neurosyphilis by the Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, a large reference laboratory in the North-East part of the Netherlands.

Methods:

From 2004 to 2013 all patients with a new diagnosis of neurosyphilis, proven by cerebrospinal fluid serology, were included. Each patient’s clinical record was reviewed for demographic, clinical and laboratory data.

Results:

Our inclusion criteria were met by 24 patients, all male. The clinical spectrum ranged from asymptomatic to dementia paralytica. Age varied from 31 to 71. At the time of neurosyfilis diagnosis, 7 patients were HIV seropositive.

Conclusions:

Further analysis is currently being done and definite results and conclusions will be presented at the meeting.
541 – Comparison of Brain Activities Associated with Self-report versus Clinician-related Attachment Measures: Relationship Scale Questionnaire versus Adult Attachment Interview
Authors: Winston A. , Yaseen Z.S. , Zhang X. , Galynker I.I.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) is considered the gold standard of attachment assessment, but is expensive and time consuming. The Relationship Scale Questionaire (RSQ) is a self-report assessment of attachment, but measures different constructs.

Objectives:

We investigated how each measure correlates with brain activity in attachment-related tasks: conscious valence and salience appraisal of mother's face.

Methods:

28 female subjects ages 18–30 were given the AAI and RSQ. Using fMRI subjects viewed pictures of their mother and were asked to rate how good the image made them feel (valence rating) and how related they felt (salience rating). Brain activity correlating with AAI and RSQ measures of attachment security and dismissingness was determined by linear regression.

Results:

Salience processing and valence processing were associated with increased thalamo-striatal, posterior cingulate and visual cortex activity. Salience processing was associated with bilateral decrease in PFC activity. In salience processing AAI secure subjects had attenuated visual cortex response and increased lingual gyrus activity while RSQ secure subjects had decreased right temporal lobe activity and AAI dismissing subjects had enhanced left PFC deactiviation while RSQ dismissing subjects had increased left temporal pole and visual cortex activity. In valence processing RSQ secure subjects demonstrated increased left insula activity and AAI dismissing subjects demonstrated bilateral increase in thalamic and posterior cingulate activation.

Conclusions:

AAI and RSQ measures of attachment measure different constructs with divergent patterns of associated brain activity. AAI measures of attachment tap midline structures (pre-reflective/unconscious attachment processing), while RSQ measures tap lateral structures (cognitive/conscious attachment processing).
556 – Examination of Effect of Social Factors and Personal - Family Records on Suicide
Authors: Pourakbaran E.
Published: July 2013

Suicide existed in past tense but it was very limited, Todays this phenomena expands very much unfourtunatly and it cause concerns among societies and individuals. most of the societies condemn suicide and many religions count it as a sin. it's surprising that suicide counts as a sin in most societies and this action leaves out the shame and disgrace reputation in that society. The second grad of death reson among teenagers and colledge students is suicide and first grade relates to car accidents.

Goal:

Examination of social factors such as (Age, sex and personal) records like economic and educational - Family condition on suicide.

Methodology (materials and method):

The sample society consists of too individuals who take action of suicide and they call on the emergency center of Zaveh.

The method is non-accident available sampling and the sample society are those who call on the hygiene and treatment clinics and emergency centers. These person fill the questionnaires by consent and after we explain about our Goal.

Results:

Results showd that suicidal people between 13 of55 years in ages 18 of 20 people. Most suicidal patients.the women the mostsuicidal people(69% vs 31%) as well as single people than married 96%percent of the suicides and deaths can not be missed conclusion.

The results showd a significant realation between age.education and marital status are also significant realation between socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders with with suicide.
564 – Effects of Paliperidone Extended-Release Tablets (Paliperidone ER) and Olanzapine on Metabolic Profile, Weight, Insulin Resistance and β-Cell Function in Schizophrenic Patients: A Randomized 12-week Study
Authors: Hu S. , Yao M. , Xu D. , Peterson B. , Cao L. , Xu Y.
Published: July 2013

Metabolic syndrome induced by atypical antipsychotics is more prevalence in schizophrenic patients. Much less is known regarding paliperidone ER. The objective of this study was to compare matched paliperidone-ER- and olanzapine-treated schizophrenic patients on measures of glucose and lipid metabolism. Eighty hospitalized patients with schizophrenia (DSM-) were randomly assigned to treatment with paliperidone ER or olanzapine for 12 weeks. At baseline and every 4 weeks, we assessed weight, subcutaneous fat, waist and hip circumferences, fasting glucose, insulin, glycohemoglobin A1, cholesterol, triglycerides, high density level (HDL) cholesterol, low density level (LDL) cholesterol and prolactin. And we also evaluate the body mass index (BMI), homeostasis insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and homeostasis β-cell function (HOMA-B). 33 patients randomly assigned to paliperidone ER and 23 patients randomly assigned to olanzapine completed the entire 12-week treatment. Within-group overall analysis showed that the fasting measures were increased in weight, BMI, waist circumferences, hip circumferences, subcutaneous fat, cholesterol, triglyceride and prolactin for two groups, and fasting glucose, LDL and HOMA-B were increased for olanzapine group. There was significantly difference in serum prolactin between paliperidone ER and olanzapine group. And there was a trend for HOMA-B to increase in olanzapine group over 12 weeks compared to paliperidone ER group. However, there were no overall differential drug effects over 12 weeks on the fasting measures of BMI, glucose, glycohemoglobin A1, insulin, HDL, LDL, cholesterol, triglyceride and HOMA-IR. The study further reinforces the necessity of regular monitoring the metabolic parameters in schizophrenic patients with atypical antipsychotics including paliperidone ER.
565 – Abnormality of White Matter Structure and Resting State Brain Function in First-Episode, Treatment-Naive Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Huang M. , Yu L. , Luo B. , Wang Q. , Zhou W. , Wei N. , Xu Y.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Increasing evidence indicates that major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with cognitive as well as mood disturbances.

Objectives:

To evaluate cognitive function and white matter structure, resting-state brain function in first-episode, treatmentnaive patients with MDD.

Aims:

To explore brain structure and function mechanisms of cognitive impairment in MDD.

Methods:

46 Han Chinese MDD patients aged 18–45 year and 46 controls were assessed by a series of validated test procedures.Then, 30 patients and 30 controls were obtained by MRI scan.White matter abnormalities evaluated using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were analyzed using tract based spatial statistics (TBSS) and resting-state brain function was evaluated using regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis.

Results:

Cognitive impairment in patients with MDD was demonstrated by reduced accuracy in the Wisconsin Card Sorting test (WSCT) and to a lesser extent the Continuous Performance test (CPT) and Trail Making tests (TMT). White matter abnormalities found in the left cerebellum, and resting-state abnormalities present in the left inferior parietal gyrus, left anterior cingulate nucleus and left hippocampal gyrus were associated with impaired performance in the WSCT and CPT tests. We also showed that poor WSCT performance was associated with increased interconnectivity between the left ventral anterior cingulate nucleus and the medial frontal lobe areas.

Conclusions:

The present study indicates cognitive disturbances in patients with MDD are associated with white matter and resting-state changes and altered interconnections in specific brain areas.
579 – Suicidal Ideation in the Previous Twelfth Months among Patients Attending a Community Psychiatric Out-patient Clinic-Relevant Predictive Factors
Authors: Agyapong V.I.O. , Anyansi T.E.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Predictive factors are used to alert the clinician to the necessity of carrying out a suicide risk assessment in those patients whose demographic and clinical characteristics suggests the possibility of suicide.

Aim:

To identify demographic and clinical variables that could predict suicidal ideation in psychiatric outpatients.

Methods:

150 consecutive return patients attending a psychiatric outpatient clinic were approached and requested to complete a clinician administered semi-structured questionnaire designed to assess the aims of the study. Data was analysed with descriptive statistics, univariate analysis and logistic regression using SPSS Version 17.

Results:

Of the 150 patients approached with written information, 133 consented to take part in the study giving a response rate of 88.7%. The mean age was 40.6 years (s.d = 12.7). On univariate analysis, there was a statistically significant relationship (p< 0.05) between three of the predictor variables (age, marital status and history of self-harm) and the likelihood of experiencing suicidal ideation in the preceding 12 months. However, with all other factors controlled for, only two of the independent variables (history of self-harm and no history of psychiatric inpatient treatment) significantly predicted suicidal ideation in the previous 12 months with odds ratios of 5.409 and 2.836 respectively.

Conclusion:

Amongst variables studied, having a history of self-harm or no previous history of psychiatric inpatient treatment were the best predictors of suicidal ideation in the preceding year in a population of patients attending a psychiatric outpatient review clinic.
584 – The Clinical, Demographic and Neuropsychological Correlations of Insight in Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Hosseini R. , Afzali T. , Moghaddam P.A.
Published: July 2013

Purpose:

The Objective of the present study was to examine the clinical, demographic and neuropsychological correlations of insight in patients with schizophrenia.

Method:

We assessed insight level, clinical symptoms, demographic data and neuropsychological functions in 30 schizophrenic patients.

Results:

The patients with schizophrenia were significantly different in insight quality. From clinical variables, only positive symptoms and depression were significantly correlated with insight levels. There was no significant correlation between demographic data and neuropsychological functions with insight levels. But investigation of insight dimensions with all variables in schizophrenic patients separately, show different results.

Conclusion:

The results show that quality of insight is different in schizophrenic patients. Subcomponents of insight are correlated with different factors (such as positive symptoms and depression) emphasizing the need to consider insight as multidimensional.