bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring Effectiveness of Mobile Application in Learning Basic Mathematical Concepts Using Sign Language
Authors: Parvez Komal , Khan Muzafar , Iqbal Javed , Tahir Muhammad , Alghamdi Ahmed , Alqarni Mohammed , Alzaidi Amer , Javaid Nadeem
Published: May 2019

Technology plays an important role in our society, especially in the field of education. It is quite regrettable that people, particularly the deaf, still face a lot of challenges in acquiring an education. Their learning methods are different as compared to hearing people. They use Sign Language (SL) rather than natural language to communicate and learn. They are required to put a lot of effort into learning different concepts using conventional pedagogies. Therefore, there is a dire need for some assistive technology to improve their learn-ability and understandability. In the present study, 192 deaf participants aged 5–10 years were sampled from two special child institutes. The objective of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of a mobile interface through a developed mobile application for learning basic mathematical concepts using Pakistan Sign Language (PSL). The present study bridges the gap between the technology-based method and conventional teaching methods, which are used for teaching mathematical concepts using PSL. The participants were divided into two groups, that is, one group learned through conventional methods (flash cards and board) and the other group through the developed mobile application. The difference in the performance of both the groups was evaluated by conducting quizzes. The quiz results were analyzed by the Z-test and ANOVA. The findings revealed that the Experimental Group (EG) participants, who were instructed by our mobile application showed higher proficiency in the quizzes as compared to the Control Group (CG). EG participants performed better than CG by 12% in the quizzes. A gender based difference was also observed for the quiz scores. Male participants in category C (word problem learning) performed 2.7% better than females in the EG and 2.5% better in the CG. Moreover, a significant difference was also observed in the time taken by participants in both groups to complete the quizzes. CG participants took 20 min longer than EG participants to complete the quizzes. The results of the ANOVA showed that the quiz scores were directly affected by the mode of teaching used for participants in both groups.
New Telework, Time Pressure, and Time Use Control in Everyday Life
Authors: Thulin Eva , Vilhelmson Bertil , Johansson Martina
Published: May 2019

This study explores how changing conditions for home-based telework affect the quality of life and social sustainability of workers in terms of time pressure and time use control in everyday life. Changing conditions concern the spread of telework to new types of jobs of a more routine character, involving new practices of unregulated work and anytime smartphone access. Empirically, we draw on survey data from a sample of 456 home-based teleworkers employed by six governmental agencies in Sweden. Results indicate that subjective time pressure is not associated with job type in terms of distinguishing between bounded case work and more independent analytical work. Time pressure is intensified by family-related factors, telework performed outside of working hours, and part-time work, and is moderated by the private use of smartphones. We find no significant associations between subjective time use control, job qualifications, and teleworking practice. Family situation and having small children at home reduce time use control. Also, high levels of smartphone use for work-related purposes are associated with reduced control.
Occurrence of Deoxynivalenol and Ochratoxin A in Beers and Wines Commercialized in Paraguay
Authors: Arrúa Andrea Alejandra , Mendes Juliana Moura , Arrúa Pablo , Ferreira Francisco Paulo , Caballero Gabriela , Cazal Cinthia , Kohli Man Mohan , Peralta Inocencia , Ulke Gabriela , Fernández Ríos Danilo
Published: May 2019

Alcoholic beverages can be contaminated with mycotoxins. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is the most frequently detected mycotoxinin wine and is produced by several species of Aspergillus. This mycotoxin is nephrotoxic and carcinogenic. In beer, the most commonly identified mycotoxin is deoxynivalenol (DON). Ingestion of food contaminated with DON has been associated with adverse gastrointestinal effects. Despite the harmful effects of mycotoxins on health, there are no regulations regarding their limits in alcoholic beverages in Paraguay. Here we determine the presence of OTA and DON in wine and beer, respectively. Four commercial brands of wine and twenty-nine brands of craft and industrial beerwere tested by the Agra quant ELISA method. One brand of wine was positive for OTA and seven brands of beer (one of them craft) were positive for DON. The values found for both toxins are below the recommended maximum intake proposed by international standards. Giving the high consumption of these products in the country, regulations and monitoring systems mustbe established to check the maximum levels of mycotoxins allowed in alcoholic beverages.
Norovirus Attachment and Entry
Authors: Graziano Vincent R. , Wei Jin , Wilen Craig B.
Published: May 2019

Human norovirus is a major human pathogen causing the majority of cases of viral gastroenteritis globally. Viral entry is the first step of the viral life cycle and is a significant determinant of cell tropism, host range, immune interactions, and pathogenesis. Bile salts and histo-blood group antigens are key mediators of norovirus entry; however, the molecular mechanisms by which these molecules promote infection and the identity of a potential human norovirus receptor remain unknown. Recently, there have been several important advances in norovirus entry biology including the identification of CD300lf as the receptor for murine norovirus and of the role of the minor capsid protein VP2 in viral genome release. Here, we will review the current understanding about norovirus attachment and entry and highlight important future directions.
Reverse Engineering Provides Insights on the Evolution of Subgroups A to E Avian Sarcoma and Leukosis Virus Receptor Specificity
Authors: Federspiel Mark J.
Published: May 2019

The initial step of retrovirus entry—the interaction between the virus envelope glycoprotein trimer and a cellular receptor—is complex, involving multiple, noncontiguous determinants in both proteins that specify receptor choice, binding affinity and the ability to trigger conformational changes in the viral glycoproteins. Despite the complexity of this interaction, retroviruses have the ability to evolve the structure of their envelope glycoproteins to use a different cellular protein as receptors. The highly homologous subgroup A to E Avian Sarcoma and Leukosis Virus (ASLV) glycoproteins belong to the group of class 1 viral fusion proteins with a two-step triggering mechanism that allows experimental access to intermediate structures during the fusion process. We and others have taken advantage of replication-competent ASLVs and exploited genetic selection strategies to force the ASLVs to naturally evolve and acquire envelope glycoprotein mutations to escape the pressure on virus entry and still yield a functional replicating virus. This approach allows for the simultaneous selection of multiple mutations in multiple functional domains of the envelope glycoprotein that may be required to yield a functional virus. Here, we review the ASLV family and experimental system and the reverse engineering approaches used to understand the evolution of ASLV receptor usage.
The Changing Role of Phonology in Reading Development
Authors: Milledge Sara V. , Blythe Hazel I.
Published: May 2019

Processing of both a word’s orthography (its printed form) and phonology (its associated speech sounds) are critical for lexical identification during reading, both in beginning and skilled readers. Theories of learning to read typically posit a developmental change, from early readers’ reliance on phonology to more skilled readers’ development of direct orthographic-semantic links. Specifically, in becoming a skilled reader, the extent to which an individual processes phonology during lexical identification is thought to decrease. Recent data from eye movement research suggests, however, that the developmental change in phonological processing is somewhat more nuanced than this. Such studies show that phonology influences lexical identification in beginning and skilled readers in both typically and atypically developing populations. These data indicate, therefore, that the developmental change might better be characterised as a transition from overt decoding to abstract, covert recoding. We do not stop processing phonology as we become more skilled at reading; rather, the nature of that processing changes.
Efficacy of Inactivation of Human Enteroviruses by Dual-Wavelength Germicidal Ultraviolet (UV-C) Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
Authors: Woo Hyoungmin , Beck Sara , Boczek Laura , Carlson Kelsie , Brinkman Nichole , Linden Karl , Lawal Oliver , Hayes Samuel , Ryu Hodon
Published: May 2019

The efficacy of germicidal ultraviolet (UV-C) light emitting diodes (LEDs) was evaluated for inactivating human enteroviruses included on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)’s Contaminant Candidate List (CCL). A UV-C LED device, emitting at peaks of 260 nm and 280 nm and the combination of 260/280 nm together, was used to measure and compare potential synergistic effects of dual wavelengths for disinfecting viral organisms. The 260 nm LED proved to be the most effective at inactivating the CCL enteroviruses tested. To obtain 2-log10 inactivation credit for the 260 nm LED, the fluences (UV doses) required are approximately 8 mJ/cm2 for coxsackievirus A10 and poliovirus 1, 10 mJ/cm2 for enterovirus 70, and 13 mJ/cm2 for echovirus 30. No synergistic effect was detected when evaluating the log inactivation of enteroviruses irradiated by the dual-wavelength UV-C LEDs.
River-Wide Habitat Availability for Fish Habitat Guilds: Implications for In-Stream Flow Protection
Authors: Spurgeon Jonathan , Pegg Mark , Parasiewicz Piotr , Rogers Joe
Published: May 2019

The variation in river discharge alters habitat heterogeneity with implications for the distribution of fish species with different habitat requirements. Assessments of habitat availability following changes in river discharge are difficult to apply at broad spatial scales and with relevance to multiple species. We used a MesoHABSIM modeling approach to quantify river-wide changes in habitat availability for five fish habitat guilds under three river discharge levels along the Niobrara River, NE, USA. We used a time-series of river discharge (1958–2010) to create uniform continuous under-threshold habitat duration curves that identified habitat conditions that may result in periods of stress for fish communities along the Niobrara River. Habitat availability for each fish habitat guild was dependent on river discharge and location along the river. Habitat availability for fish habitat guilds ranged from 5% to 49% of the total channel area suggesting habitat availability may, at times, be limited. We provide river discharge guidelines for bioperiods that limit the frequency and duration of stressful habitat conditions. Understanding interactions between river discharge and habitat availability through time and at river-wide scales may aid in managing for ecological integrity by including protection of river discharge variability to support multiple fish habitat guilds.
Geographic Object Based Image Analysis of WorldView-3 Imagery for Urban Hydrologic Modelling at the Catchment Scale
Authors: Randall Mark , Fensholt Rasmus , Zhang Yongyong , Bergen Jensen Marina
Published: May 2019

China’s Sponge City initiative will involve widespread installation of new stormwater infrastructure including green roofs, permeable pavements and rain gardens in at least 30 cities. Hydrologic modelling can support the planning of Sponge Cities at the catchment scale, however, highly detailed spatial data for model input can be challenging to compile from the various authorities, or, if available, may not be sufficiently detailed or updated. Remote sensing methods show great promise for mitigating this challenge due to their ability to efficiently classify satellite images into categories relevant to a specific application. In this study Geographic Object Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) was applied to WorldView-3 satellite imagery (2017) to create a detailed land cover map of an urban catchment area in Beijing. While land cover classification results based on a Bayesian machine learning classifier alone provided an overall land cover classification accuracy of 63%, the subsequent inclusion of a series of refining rules in combination with supplementary data (including elevation and parcel delineations), yielded the significantly improved overall accuracy of 76%. Results of the land cover classification highlight the limitations of automated classification based on satellite imagery alone and the value of supplementary data and additional rules to refine classification results. Catchment scale hydrologic modelling based on the generated land cover results indicated that 61 to 82% of rainfall volume could be captured for a range of 24 h design storms under varying degrees of Sponge City implementation.
Micromixing Efficiency of Particles in Heavy Metal Removal Processes under Various Inlet Conditions
Authors: Karvelas Evangelos , Liosis Christos , Benos Lefteris , Karakasidis Theodoros , Sarris Ioannis
Published: May 2019

Water quality problems are a persistent global issue since population growth has continually stressed hydrological resources. Heavy metals released into the environment from plating plants, mining, and alloy manufacturing pose a significant threat to the public health. A possible solution for water purification from heavy metals is to capture them by using nanoparticles in micromixers. In this method, conventionally heavy metal capture is achieved by effectively mixing two streams, a particle solution and the contaminated water, under the action of external magnetic fields. In the present study, we investigated the effective mixing of iron oxide nanoparticles and water without the use of external magnetic fields. For this reason, the mixing of particles and the contaminated water was studied for various inlet velocity ratios and inflow angles of the two streams using computational fluid dynamics techniques. The Navier-Stokes equations were solved for the water flow, the discrete motion of particles was evaluated by a Lagrangian method, while the flow of substances of the contaminated water was studied by a scalar transport equation. Results showed that as the velocity ratio between the inlet streams increased, the mixing of particles with the contaminated water was increased. Therefore, nanoparticles were more uniformly distributed in the duct and efficiently absorbed the substances of the contaminated water. On the other hand, the angle between two streams was found to play an insignificant role in the mixing process. Consequently, the results from this study could be used in the design of more compact and cost efficient micromixer devices.
Dam Operation for Mitigating Ice Jam Flooding Risks under the Adjustment of River Channel-Forms: Implications from an Evaluation in the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Reach of the Upper Yellow River, China
Authors: Su Teng , Huang Heqing , Zhou Yuanyuan , Yu Guoan
Published: May 2019

Dam operation has been widely deployed to mitigate the risks of ice jam flooding, but it may result in a decrease in the discharging capacities of downstream river channels. The Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach of the Huanghe River (Yellow River) has historically suffered numerous disasters caused by ice jam flooding, and three large dams have been jointly operated to mitigate such risks since 1968. Whilst the resultant significant increases in both the annual runoff and mean water temperature during the ice jam flooding seasons helped to shorten the freezing-up duration and reduce the thickness of the ice cover, a significant channel shrinkage occurred in the reach when the dam operation took place under the input of a relatively larger amount of sediment from the upstream. In the new flow regime that commenced in 2008, a detailed examination of the river channel-form adjustments and the resultant changes to the discharging capacities identified a slight increase in the discharging capacity of the channel along the entire study reach. This was mainly due to a significantly smaller amount of sediment load being carried by a slightly increased annual runoff. Whilst it was demonstrated that the dam operation was still an effective means for mitigating the risk of ice jam flooding in the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach under the new flow regime, care needs to be taken when the favorable flow-sediment condition changes. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the dam operation appeared to vary significantly at the channel sections of different planforms; thus, more detailed studies are required.
Performance Evaluation of Version 5 (V05) of Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) over the Tianshan Mountains of China
Authors: Yang Min , Li Zhongqin , Anjum Muhammad Naveed , Gao Yayu
Published: May 2019

This study evaluated the performance of the Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) version 5 (V05) Early-run and Final-run (IMERG-E and IMERG-F, respectively) products over the Tianshan Mountains. For comparison, the accuracies of two Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) products (3B42RT and 3B42V7) were also analyzed. Performance of the satellite-based precipitation products (SPPs) was analyzed at daily to annual scales from April 2014 to October 2017. Results showed that: (1) IMERG-F and 3B42V7 performed better than IMERG-E and 3B42RT in the characterization of spatiotemporal variability of precipitation; (2) Precipitation estimates from IMERG-F were in the best overall agreement with the gauge-based data, followed by IMERG-E and 3B42V7 on all temporal scales; (3) IMERG-E and 3B42RT products were failed to provide accurate precipitation amounts, whereas IMERG-F and 3B42V7 were able to provide accurate precipitation estimates with the lowest relative biases (4.98% and −1.71%, respectively) and RMSE (0.58 mm/day and 0.76 mm/day, respectively); (4) The enhancement from the IMERG Early-run to the Final-run to capture the moderate to heavy precipitation events was not evident; (5) On seasonal scale, IMEGR-F performed better than all other SPPs, particularly during the spring season with negligible bias (0.28%). It was deduced that IMERG-F was capable of replacing TRMM products.
Reassessing Water Allocation Strategies and Conjunctive Use to Reduce Water Scarcity and Scarcity Costs for Irrigated Agriculture in Southern Brazil
Authors: Mattiuzi Camila Dalla Porta , Marques Guilherme Fernandes , Medellín-Azuara Josué
Published: May 2019

The lack of adequate management programs alongside water resources overexploitation have led to undesirable effects such as water shortages and economic losses in several regions. Optimized water allocation strategies using groundwater and surface water resources could reduce water scarcity and scarcity costs by exploring the advantages and peculiarities of each source, thus reducing the effect of variability and uncertainties on water availability. The aim of this study is to assess economic water allocation and the potential of conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater operations using a hydro-economic model to evaluate scarcity and scarcity cost at an irrigated agricultural region in Southern Brazil. Results indicated the possibility to reduce but not entirely eliminate, water scarcity and scarcity cost based solely on the reallocation of water among users and crops, without generating water deficit to users downstream. Results also pointed to the elevated potential of groundwater use as a component to reduce scarcity and its costs, mainly through economic optimized strategies integrated with surface water.
Adsorption of Chloramphenicol on Commercial and Modified Activated Carbons
Authors: Lach Joanna
Published: May 2019

The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of applying commercial activated carbons currently used in water treatment plants and modified carbon at 400 and 800 °C in the atmosphere of air, water vapour and carbon dioxide to remove chloramphenicol. Adsorption kinetics was examined for solutions with pH of 2–10. Adsorption kinetics were determined for the initial concentration of chloramphenicol of 161 mg/dm3 and the adsorption isotherm was determined for the concentrations of 161 to 1615 mg/dm3. Of the analysed activated carbons (F-300, F-100, WG-12, ROW 08 Supra and Picabiol), the highest adsorption capacity was obtained for the use of Picabiol (214 mg/g), characterized by the highest specific surface area and pore volume. The pH value of the solution has little effect on the adsorption of chloramphenicol (the highest adsorption was found for pH = 10, qm = 190 mg/g, whereas the lowest—for pH = 6, qm = 208 mg/g). Modification of activated carbon WG-12 at 800 °C caused an increase in adsorption capacity from 195 mg/g (unmodified carbon) to 343 mg/g. A high correlation coefficient was found between the capacity of activated carbons and the total volume of micropores and mesopores. Among the examined adsorption kinetics equations (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich, intraparticle diffusion), the lowest values of the R2 correlation coefficient were obtained for the pseudo-first order equation. Other models with high correlation coefficient values described the adsorption kinetics. The adsorption results were modelled by means of the Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Dubibin–Radushkevich adsorption isotherms. For all activated carbons and process conditions, the best match to the test results was obtained using the Langmuir model, whereas the lowest was found for the Dubibin–Radushkevich model.
Performance Status Evaluation of an Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Based on the Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method
Authors: Li Qiushuo , Xiao Yong , Zhao Shuaishuai , Zhu Xianwen , Wang Zongyi , Liu Zisheng , Wang Ling , Yan Xiangwu , Wang Yan
Published: May 2019

Performance status evaluation is essential for the safe running of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. With the development of the EV industry, the EV charging infrastructure industry has advanced considerably. Safe and reliable operation of the charging infrastructure is important for the development of EVs. As such, we propose a comprehensive evaluation method to assess the performance condition of an EV charging infrastructure. First, based on the analysis of the existing EV charging principles, we established an evaluation index system for EV charging infrastructure. Second, the subjective weight, objective weight, and comprehensive weight of the index system were determined through analytic hierarchy processes (AHP) and the entropy weight method. Then, we used fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to appraise the performance of the charging infrastructure through expert investigation. Finally, based on the actual data from an EV charger, the performance conditions of the EV charging infrastructure were evaluated to demonstrate the feasibility of the method and the reliability of the index system.
Scientific background of precision animal nutrition
Authors: László Babinszky
Published: May 2019

Precision animal nutrition consists of meeting the nutrient requirements of animals as accurately as possible in the interest of a safe, high-quality and efficient production, besides ensuring the lowest possible load on the environment. This is facilitated by electronic feeding based on IT technology, an important but by far not the only tool of precision nutrition. In the present paper the following most important elements of precision nutrition are discussed: diet formulation, quality control of ingredients and compound feeds, reduction of the harmful effects of heat stress in pigs with different nutritional tools, application of the recent findings of the molecular genetics in animal nutrition, the relationship between genetics and animal  nutrition and reduction of the N and P excretion by nutritional tools.
External (border) peripheries in Hungary
Authors: Béla Baranyi
Published: May 2019

This study examines the development of external (cross-border) peripheries, as well as the opportunities of catching up in view of the European integration, most specifically the unfolding of the Schengen processes. A conclusion is drawn that the paradigm shift that is to be expected in cross-border relations and the modern, mainly local, small region-based and inter-settlement forms of interregional cooperations could contribute to diminishing the highly unfavourable circumstances from the aspect of rural development and the fostering of the socio-economic cohesion of the Carpathian basin. The new institutionalised legal frameworks of cross-border relations, the EGTCs can successfully promote in the future the acquisition and more efficient use of different development resources, parallel to this the socio-economic catching up of adjacent peripheries, lagging regions on the two sides of the same borders. Above all, they can be important for the utilisation of the direct relations and local resourcesin the Hungarian–Slovak, Hungarian–Ukrainian and Hungarian– Romanian borders along the northeast part of Hungary and for theHungarian–Croatian and Hungarian–Slovene border areas along South Transdanubia.
Effects of a traditional agricultural sector’s decline in less favoured areas
Authors: Beáta Bittner  , Anita Kerékgyártóné Mislovics
Published: May 2019

Due to the effects of economic and political transformations, privatization and accession to the EU, Hungarian agriculture has gone through significant changes in the last two decades. As a result of continuous changes in the economic and regulatory environment, producers have to plan and maintain cultivation and adapt to the changing market needs within continuously changing circumstances. These effects have resulted in a significant decline or in some cases, certain sectors have disappeared. These exercise a negative social and economic effect on all over the country, causing irreversible damages on those regions where agriculture is the only source of living. This paper discusses the effects of breakdown or disappearance of a traditional agricultural sector, namely the tobacco sector.
Precision dairy farming in the practice – DeLaval „Smart Farming”
Authors: Péter Boldizsár
Published: May 2019

No abstract
New approach in soil tillage – bases of the precision crop production
Authors: László Bottlik  , Tibor Kalmár  , Szilveszter Csorba  , András Szemők  , Márta Birkás
Published: May 2019

A new approach is needed in soil tillage practice. The important achievements of this are the recognition of the risk – poor tillage practices, poor soil quality, soil state defects, and climate extremes etc. – the need for the development of risk reduction, prevention, remediation and maintenance of the favorable soil state. In this paper 13 main soil state defects are listed, to which the prevention and improving tasks are also commented. In the second part of the paper the most important soil tillage tasks are summarized in 30 sections and realization of these points may promote the implementation of precision plant production.
Different soil fertility conditions depending on different land use methods
Authors: Sándor Hoffmann
Published: May 2019

In precision nutrient management the most important aspect is adaptation but we should consider the possibility of the long-term improvement of soil fertility within the less fertile landscape zones.  This possibility can be evaluated principally by long-term field experiments, which are running on similar soil types. The results of these field experiments can indicate that which soil fertility status should be attained. Some more important soil fertility data, (such as pH, P-, K- and soil organic matter (SOM) content) of a long-term field  experiment with increasing farmyard manure(FYM) doses or equivalent NPK fertilizers, set up on an Eutric cambisol, are presented. The yieldincreasing capacity of FYM doses was only 82%, as compared to the equivalent amount of mineral NPK, but long-term FYM treatments resulted in 10% higher SOM content than that of equivalent NPKfertilizer doses. The studies indicate that SOM content is a function of local climate and clay content of the soil, and neither long-term high FYM doses can increase SOM content steadily above a supposed steady-state value. However we have to make efforts to keep the optimum level. The lowest soil reactions developed both with the highest NPK doses and without any fertilization. AL-P2O5 content of soil was increased more by mineral fertilization than by FYM treatments, but in case of AL-K2O content there was no difference between the fertilization variants. However the highest doses of both fertilization  variants increased soil nutrient content to an excessive degree. Wecould get very valuable data from the unfertilized control plots as well, where long-term yield data suppose 48 kg ha-1 year-1 air-borne N-input.
Development alternatives of rural economy
Authors: József Káposzta
Published: May 2019

Environmental, natural, social and economic processes undergoing both in Europe and in the world predict such a 21st century that is characterised by increasing resource-crisis from both economic and ecological aspects. Therefore, it is very important for Hungary to see what happens to its natural resources, epecially to its agricultural land, water reserves as well as the biodiversity of the local unique flora and fauna. One of the most significant issues of the rural areas of Hungary is whether we can preserve the natural habitats and the various biodiversity of the related species, the favourable biological background of agriculture. In addition, whether we are able to provide high quality food for the country as well as for the broader reagion, whether we are able to produce energy from the resources available as well as to provide sufficient opportunities for the population to  live and work. These can be considered as the most significant issuesof the coming decades which determine the strategy of the Hungarian rural economies in long term.
The precision livestock farming
Authors: István Komlósi
Published: May 2019

The application of information technology is the response of the livestock farming to the demand of customer, legal and economical expectations. This technology is the socalled precision livestock farming (PLF). The elements of the PLF are: continuous monitoring of inputs, animal behaviour by sensors, an algorithm which converts these signals into a figure, this figure is compared to an optimum then adjustment of the input is followed, if it is necesary.
Element content analyses in the Institute for Food Sciences, Quality Assurance and Microbiology
Authors: Béla Kovács  , Dávid Andrási  , István Fekete
Published: May 2019

The role of chemical elements to ensure and promote our health is undisputed. Some of them are essential for plants, animals and human, others can cause diseases. The major source of mineral constituents is food, drinking water has a minor contribution to it, so the knowledge of elemental intake through food is crucial and needs continuous monitoring and by this way it promotes the food quality assurance and dietetics.With the evolution of spectroscopic methods increasingly lower concentrations could be determined, so the elemental composition of a sample could be more precisely and fully described. Due to the results the gathered knowledge up to the present is supported and new observations can be done helping us to understand such complex systems as biological organisms are.The quality of a food is determined by the full process of its production, consequently it starts with agricultural production so elemental-analysis usually cover the whole soil – plant – (animal) – food chain, by this way the „Fork-to-Farm” precept is true in elemental analysis field also.The history of elemental analysis in the University of Debrecen, Centre for Agricultural and Applied Economic Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Processing, Quality Assurance and Microbiology goes back to 1980s when the so called Regional Measurement Central gave the background for research. The continuous deployment resulted in an obtain of an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) in 1988, which extended the scope of examinations due to its excellent performance characteristicscompared to flame atom absorption (FAAS) and flame emission spectrometers (FES). The instrumental park retain up to date correlate to the developing analytical techniques due to acquiring a newer ICPAES in 1998 and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer in 2004 – which sensitivity is three order of magnitude better compared to ICP-AES. The Institute supports the work with its own ICP-AES and ICP-MS since 2011.
Optimized balance between crop productivity, restoration and maintenance of vital soil functions and soil carbon sequestration and storage – the SmartSOIL (FP7) project
Authors: András Molnár
Published: May 2019

Soils provide the most indispensable function of supporting the production of food and feed for a growing human population. At the same time they provide a range of regulating and supporting functions related to climate change and removal of greenhouse gases. The majority of the soil functions are closely linked to the flows and stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC); low levels of both flows and stocks may seriously interfere with several of the essential soil functions and thus affect the ecosystem services that soils deliver. Soil degradation is considered a serious problem in Europe and a large part of the degradation is caused by intensive cultivation practices in agriculture. The aim of the SmartSOIL project is to link the results of different scientific fields through a holistic and multidisciplinary approach and as a result develop a decision making tool contributing to sustainable development.
On-line and off-line solutions in the precision weed control
Authors: Péter Reisinger
Published: May 2019

There are two directions of the development of the methods in precision weed controll. One is the on-line, either is the off-line solutions. The advantige off the on-line method is that it covers all the territory of the field, therefore there are no problems in sampilng methodology. At the same time picture processing is slow and the performance of the machines is low. We have choosen the off-line precision weed controll in Hungary to start with and we have solved the precision wedd controll of wheat, maize and sunflower successfully. We have also conducted on-line developments with the application of Weed Seeker sensor.
МЕХАНІЗМИ ВЗАЄМОВІДНОСИН І ВЗАЄМОДІЇ ГРОМАДСЬКИХ ОБ’ЄДНАНЬ З ІНСТИТУТАМИ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ВЛАДИ
Authors: Mykolaiets Anatolii
Published: May 2019

Зазначено, що різноманіття форм діяльності громадських об'єднань створює сприятливі умови для діалогу органів влади і населення, зміцнення соціальної стабільності. Дослідження проблеми дозволяє зробити висновок про позитивну динаміку в діяльності громадських об'єднань. Визначено, що ефективна взаємодія активного громадянського суспільства та сильної держави - найважливіша умова гармонійного розвитку обох. Зрозуміло, ще не всі державні і місцеві органи зацікавлено працюють з громадськими структурами. Розвиненість форм взаємодії органів місцевого самоврядування та громадськості залежить багато в чому не стільки від соціально - економічного становища місцевих утворень, скільки від рівня інституціоналізації і соціальної активності самого неприбуткового сектора. А адже взаємодія між органами влади та іншими інститутами громадянського суспільства - це система, що  динамічно розвивається яка складається з наступних субсистем:культурно-ідеологічної субсистеми, яка характеризується активною громадянською позицією; управлінсько-правова субсистема, що представляє собою відмову від ієрархічної системи управління, відкритої до демократичних відносин, встановлення широких горизонтальних зв'язків в системі політичних мереж; економічної субсистеми, яка прагне до відходу від монополізму, націленої на залучення кожного дієздатного людини до участі в справах суспільства.
УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ КАДРОВОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ В ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛАХ УКРАЇНИ В КОНТЕКСТІ РЕФОРМ ОБОРОННОЇ СФЕРИ
Authors: Plekhanov Dmytro , Plekhanova Oksana
Published: May 2019

Стаття присвячена проблемам забезпечення якісним персоналом ЗСУ, формуванню нових механізмів залучення фахівців до лав ЗСУ в контексті оборонної, кадрової та інших реформ, з урахуванням сучасних міжнародних та військових факторів, які впливають на формування дієздатної армії України. Основна увага зосереджена на формуванні комплексної Концепції кадрової політики в ЗСУ. В статті акцентовано увагу на тому що на вітчизняному ринку праці тривалий час формувалася дуже низька конкурентоспроможність військової сфери внаслідок недостатнього грошового забезпечення військових, недосконалої системи соціальних гарантій, наявності серйозних житлових проблем та відсутності впевненості щодо перспектив професійного та кар’єрного зростання, що в кінцевому випадку призвело до дестабілізації ситуації в Збройних Силах України та відпливу з них найбільш досвідчених та підготовлених військових фахівців за кордон або в інші сфери життєдіяльності суспільства.
Автором зроблено висновок про те що подальших досліджень потребують визначення термінів та понять, якими має бути доповнена Концепція кадрової політики в ЗСУ, приділена належна увага методам та технологіям кадрового менеджменту.
РОЛЬ ПРОЗОРОСТІ І ВІДКРИТОСТІ ОРГАНІВ ВЛАДИ У РОЗБУДОВІ ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА
Authors: Tymofieiev Serhij
Published: May 2019

У статті розкривається вплив прозорості та відкритості у діях влади на формування та розвиток громадянського суспільства в Україні. При цьому визначаються пріорітетні завдання щодо залучення громадськості до процесів формування і реалізації державної політики. Акцентується увага на тому, що в рамках вироблення державної політики, крім участі громадськості у підготовці відповідних проектів нормативно-правових актів, особливе місце займає питання визначення механізму взаємодії влади і громадянського суспільства у сфері вироблення державної політики. Визначаэться, що прозора влада характеризується чесністю і відвертістю, відповідальністю, підзвітністю і підконтрольністю громадськості, прогнозованістю, адекватністю суспільним реаліям, чутливістю до альтернатив розвитку політики, уважністю до різних позицій громадян та залученням громадян до процесів прийняття рішень і т. п. Відмічається, що у сучасній Україні проблема завоювання довіри суспільства до влади полягає в тому, що немає чіткого механізму взаємодії влади і громадянського суспільства. Зворотний зв’язок між політиком і громадянином починається на рівні виборчої кампанії і закінчується обранням першого. Далі утворюється вакуум між депутатами та громадою. Патерналістська політична культура з елементами фрагментарності не дає громадянському суспільству стати єдиним цілим і визначити чіткий для себе інтерес, таким чином, політика проводиться у відносинах «влада-бізнес», де суспільство виключено і не може жодним чином на це вплинути. Громада не має для цього ефективних інститутів, які будуть побудовані «знизу вгору». Пропонуються шляхи та заходи, які мають право здійснювати як органи влади так й інститути громадянського суспільства в рамках сприяння формуванню і реалізації державної політики. Висвітлюються проблеми організації зв’язків з громадськістю органів державної влади, роль засобів масової інформації в процесі формування позитивного іміджу органів публічного управління.
ВЗАЄМОЗВ’ЯЗОК ТА ВЗАЄМОДІЯ ІМІДЖУ СУДОВОЇ ВЛАДИ УКРАЇНИ І ДОВІРИ ГРОМАДЯН: ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА СПОСОБИ УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ
Authors: Shulga Anastasia , Yaroshchuk Tetyana
Published: May 2019

У статті обґрунтовується взаємозв’язок та взаємодія іміджу судової влади і довіри громадян до неї на сучасному етапі. На початку дослідження визначено поняття «імідж» та «імідж судової влади», а також що являє собою довіра в контексті сучасної науки та публічного управління. Наведено різні статистичні дані соціологічних досліджень, на основі яких зроблено висновок, що рівень довіри громадян до судової влади України занадто низький. Описано Індекс довіри до судової влади. Зазначено, що імідж судової влади прямо залежить від рівня довіри громадян до неї. Довіра та імідж судової влади взаємодіють між собою, заради досягнення однієї мети – гідне і справедливе вітчизняне правосуддя. У статті перераховані чинники, які впливають на рівень довіри до судової влади, тим самим погіршуючи її імідж. Результати окремих соціологічних досліджень свідчать про те, що найбільш проблемними факторами в українському правосудді, які впливають на зниження рівня довіри до судової влади є корупція та людський чинник. Підкреслено, що низький рівень довіри до суду є перешкодою для залучення іноземних інвестицій. Наприкінці статті зазначено, що зміна суб’єкта і процедури призначення суддів та строку їх перебування на посаді кардинальним чином не вплине на рівень корупції в системі правосуддя та довіри до судової влади, а також на якість, об’єктивність і незалежність роботи судів. Для покращення існуючої ситуації в системі вітчизняного правосуддя, насамперед, потрібно змінити ставлення самих суддів до того, що вони роблять, їхню свідомість та сприйняття навколишньої реальності. Зроблено висновок, що імідж судової влади відіграє неабияку роль не лише у питанні захисту прав і свобод та відновлення справедливості, а й у питанні економічного зростання всієї держави. Запропоновано напрями підвищення рівня довіри до судової влади та формування її позитивного іміджу.
Virtually Wall-Less Tubular Sponges as Compartmentalized Reaction Containers
Authors: Jiang Shaohua , Gruen Viktoria , Rosenfeldt Sabine , Schenk Anna S. , Agarwal Seema , Xu Zhi-Kang , Greiner Andreas
Published: May 2019

Sponges are open cellular materials with numerous interesting features. However, the potential of compartmentalized sponges has not been explored although many new properties and applications could be envisioned. We found that compartmentalized fibrous ultraporous polymer sponges with superhydrophobic surfaces could be designed as virtually wall-less reaction containers. With this, for example, the efficient removal of CO
2
from water and the controlled mineralization of calcium carbonate are possible. The high porosity (>99%) and superhydrophobicity make these sponges ideal candidates to hold alkanolamine solution for absorbing CO
2
and exchange gas through the walls of the sponges. The tubular sponge exhibits a much higher evaporation rate than a glass tube with the same diameter due to the much larger contact area between water and air. Therefore, the spongy reaction container also possesses a much faster adsorption rate, smaller equilibration time and higher efficiency for CO
2
adsorption than the glass tube container. In addition, these tubular sponges are also utilized to precipitate calcium carbonate by ammonium carbonate decomposition, which can control the deposition rates and products by tailoring the porosity and surface chemistry in the future. These new sponges provide an ideal basis for numerous new applications, for example, as breathable pipe lines for gas-liquid exchange, slag slurry carbonization, humidifier, and blood enricher.
Improving Senior High School Studentsâ€™ Ability in Speaking Using â€œEveryone is A Teacher Here Strategyâ€
Authors: Tarigan Surya Setiadi , Fahmi Hasrul , Utami Sury
Published: May 2019

This research was Classroom Action Research, aimed to improve the studentsâ€™ ability in speaking by using everyone is a teacher here strategy. The sample of this study was XI-IPA, which consisted of 14 students of SMA Free Methodist Medan. This research was done in two cycles. Each cycle was consisted of four steps, namely, planning, action, observing, and reflecting. The data of this study were obtained by using a test, interview sheet and observation sheet. Based on the analysis, it was found that there was an improvement on the studentsâ€™ ability in speaking from each cycle. It was showed from the mean of pre-test, which was 57,5. In the first cycle, there was an improvement of the result of the studentsâ€™ mean, which was 68,4 and for the second cycle there was an increasing of the studentsâ€™ mean which was 79,1.Â  Moreover, in pre-test session there was 21% (3 students) who got point of â‰¥ 70. In post-test for cycle I, there was 50% (7 students) who got point of â‰¥ 70. In post-test for cycle II, there was 78% (11 students) who got point of â‰¥ 70. So, the total percentage of the studentsâ€™ increasing from the pre-test to the post-test cycle II was 49%. And it indicates that the using everyone is a teacher here strategy can improve the studentsâ€™ ability in speaking.
Optimismo disposicional en docentes de universidades privadas en región metropolitana en Chile
Authors: Barrientos Oradini Nicolás Pablo , Araya Castillo Luis , Veloso Salazar Victor Alan , Herrera Ciudad Claudia Marcela
Published: May 2019

Recibido: 10 de octubre del 2018Aprobado: 09 de diciembre del 2018 El presente artículo se propuso analizar el optimismo disposicional en docentes que laboran en universidades privadas de la región metropolitana en Chile. Se realizó una revisión de las teorías relativas a la variable para dar cumplimiento a dicho propósito. Metodológicamente, la investigación se categorizó como descriptiva, con un diseño de campo, transeccional y no experimental. La población estuvo compuesta por los docentes que dictan clases en niveles de maestría en universidades privadas en la región metropolitana de Chile, seleccionada de forma intencional y representada por treinta y un (31) unidades informantes. Para la recolección de los datos se aplicó un cuestionario, conformado por seis (6) ítems. Para el análisis de los mismos se hizo uso de la estadística descriptiva. Los resultados permitieron visualizar una muy alta percepción de optimismo en los docentes, aunque igualmente se percibió una percepción moderada de pesimismo, infiriéndose que los docentes universitarios perciben que los objetivos que se proponen son alcanzables, mostrándose perseverantes al logro de los mismos. Las recomendaciones se enfocaron a proponer evaluaciones y consultoría psicológica periódicas a los docentes, orientada a diagnosticar a tiempo alguna actitud desfavorable para minimizar el pesimismo moderado registrado.
Desde la filosofía hacia el pensamiento emergente en el desarrollo de los procesos investigativos
Authors: Rodríguez Abel
Published: May 2019

Recibido: 06 de octubre del 2018Aprobado: 30 de octubre del 2018El objetivo de este artículo es demostrar la influencia  de las corrientes filosóficas del pensamiento antiguo, medieval, moderno y contemporáneo; en los enfoques epistémicos o paradigmas investigativos tradicionales y emergentes, y estos a su vez en el desarrollo de los procesos investigativos de nuestro contexto científico. Dentro del marco metodológico, hemos utilizado la investigación de tipo documental y de carácter interpretativo y descriptivo, empleando como método de análisis, el análisis del discurso, el cual nos permitió  establecer algunas conclusiones en el marco del ser de la investigación, entre estas; existe una influencia y correlación entre las Corrientes filosóficas del pensamiento antiguo, medieval, moderno y contemporáneo, y los enfoques epistémicos o paradigmas investigativos tradicionales y emergentes, asimismo, estos en el desarrollo de los procesos investigativos de nuestro contexto científico.