bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tun und Unterlassen im klinischen Entscheidungskonflikt
Authors: Frey Christofer , Dabrock Peter
Published: September 2014

To act and to refrain from actions comprises according to the logic of ethical consequentialism to be responsible in any case. This argument is particularly important in medical ethics: Setting actively limits to a life or permitting a long-term suffering of a patient is sometimes interpreted as equally important in the view of morals or ethics. The foundation of this argument is a one-sided theory of causation. The essay presented here tries to differentiate between the idea of causation in activities and the ascription of consequences of non-interference in certain cases. In former times nature presented reasons for nonintervention: God was at work. But when the idea of God is deficient in evidence in certain Western societies a qualified idea of life could replace the former basis of naturallaw or natural theology.
Quo vadis, WTO?
Authors: Hübner Jörg
Published: September 2014

In the wake of massive structural changes within the world trade the WTO faces important challenges. Like an invisible world govemment the WTO uses its agreement as a sort of basic law. This basic law demands equal chances for every human being in the world. Therefore it is important to strengthen the WTO in order to pave the way for fair conditions within the world trade. This essay asks which circumstances are necessary to achieve this goal.
Der Friede in der Politik
Authors: Koch Traugott
Published: September 2014

This article describes peace in history until modern times as a peace derived from the authority of government. The modern idea of peace is based on the agreement of partners contracting self-confidently. The Christian contribution to peace contains the strong will to make peace through the believing in God as the permanently inspiring spirit of reconciliation. With regard to the humanitarian interventions which are controversially seen according to international law the article shows cause, reason, conditions and aim to justify ethically the procedure of interventions
Evangelische Friedensethik nach dem Irakkrieg
Authors: Haspel Michael
Published: September 2014

The Iraq war poses new challenges for Protestant peace ethics. Starting from an analysis of the document of the Evangelical Church in Germany »Steps on the Way towards Peace« it is argued, that the set of criteria for the legitimate use of military force provided there, is neither consistent nor workable. This seems to result from a misperception of the recent debate on just and limited war-theory. By putting under scrutiny the ethical judgments of the Kosovo, Afghanistan and Iraq war some inconsistency is brought to the surface, as is the need for further development of such criteria. Finally, a concept for peace ethics as ethics of international relations is provided, combining an insitutionalist, a human rights, a cosmopolitan with a just and limited war perspective aiming on the gradual realization of just peace according to the Christian doctrine of reconciliation.
Kinder im Krankenhaus
Authors: Surall Frank
Published: September 2014

The particular situation of children in hospitals is discussed on the basis of a principle of equality which is founded on both childrens' rights and theology. It is just because of these equal rights of children that special medical care is required which does justice to the characteristics and the stage of development of children. Medical care like that does not at all have tobe a general obstacle to considerations of economic efficiency. The particular dependence of children on stable social surroundings implies a priority of outpatient and home treatment as weil as the integration of parents and other important persans to whom the child relates closely when it comes to an inevitable admission in a hospital. A model of medical ethics based on »informed consent« needs particular aspects concerning the interests of children in hospitalssuch as child-orientated information and the graduated legal obligatory nature of the child 's will
Anschläge auf die Freiheit?
Authors: Klein Andreas
Published: September 2014

The discussion about the possibilities of human freedom is by far not tinished yet, Iet alone worn out. The discourse on freedom again became the focus of critical discussion, especially due to the immensely pushed and successful neurosciences and their findings and- following in their wake- newly established (neuro-)philosophical concepts. But also inner-philosophical problems demand re-orientation. This has tobe of interest for theology, too, as freedom is at the core of Christian self-understanding and theological explication
Gott über der, in der, unter der Verfassung?
Authors: Kneucker Raoul F.
Published: September 2014

Whether in a new Austrian constitution a preamble, with or without reference to God I with or without reference to the religious, in particular Christian legacies, should precede the normative text, is a question that is discussed from a historical and constitutional point of view, and answered negatively: European constitutions since the Enlightenment transform the »subjects«, who would not have any other appeal than to God, into »citizens« who are protected by human rights as constitutional law; citizens are the origin and the goal of all political activities. Their participation in shaping the state's policies is based on their own concience only, even if their concience is determined by religious beliefs
Erwerbsarbeit und gesellschaftliche Integration
Authors: Meireis Torsten
Published: September 2014

In this paper on the integrative function of work the author challenges the popular claim that jobs are the main source of social integration. Rather it is argued that the claim that work entitles to recognition, participation, income and opens the way towards a meaningfullife should be treated as an ideal, established in the period of Enlightenment. >Social integration< is then defined as a normative concept concerning the capability to participate in the social systems and communities. In that view, social integration implies more than the workplace has to offer. While gainful employment based on high standards of social security may further the cause of social integration, precarious jobs combined with harsh workfare regimes do endanger it. Concluding, a policy adhering to the capability approach towards social integration is proposed, measures intended to take pressure offthe welfare system include changes in the system of public education and the establishment of a basic income scheme.
Globalisierung und nationale Wirtschaftsmodelle: kann das »deutsche Modell« überleben?
Authors: Busch Andreas
Published: September 2014

Globalisation is often argued to erode differences between national varieties of capitalism and enforce convergence. This article takes up the debate - triggered by declining economic performance - about the viability of the » German model « of a co-ordinated market economy, systematising and summarizing the arguments about its alleged seminal transformation over the last decade. It goes on to identify a number of flaws in the respective literatme and questions whether the case for fundamental change taking place in Germany has really been made in a Iasting and convincing way. In addition it points to significant elements of continuity in areas such as industrial relations and emphasizes the importance of political decisions in determining the fate of national economic models.
Generation Riester
Authors: Hueck Nikolaus
Published: September 2014

The shift in the demographic structure of German society results in an ever smaller amount of workers having to support an ever increasing number of pensioners. For this reason, it is necessary to revisit the so-called »generational contract«. A review of the history of this generational contract, from the biblical commandment to respect your elders through the social laws under Bismarck on to Adenauer‘s reform of pensions shows that the flaw of the state pension plan resides in the fact that the generational contract only governs the relations between those who are gainfully employed and those which are retired, without sufficiently takink into account children and the contribution made by families raising them. In this regard, it is only possible to ensure the long-term viability of the generational contract by correctly understanding the self-interest of all parties rather than by issuing calls for solidarity
Familie aus der Perspektive der Geschlechtergerechtigkeit – Anfrage an das christlich-abendländische Eheverständnis
Authors: Gerhard Ute
Published: September 2014

A short overview relating trends in cultural and social changes of the European family lifestyle and structure points out that the particular delay in West-German family policy as social policy is based on a gender order that still privileges the male breadwinner model and mother‘s sole childcare responsibility. This model is backed up by legal and theological doctrines of marriage as a social institution that contradicts the liberal contract-theory and the equality of the sexes. From the viewpoint of gender-justice the challenge is to re-define what is referred as a Christian-Western concept of marriage
Geist und Wirklichkeit
Authors: Voigt Friedemann
Published: September 2014

The ethical significance of pneumatology lies in its concept of reality, which includes personal and cultural ethics. In discussion with Karl Barth’s and Paul Tillich’s theology of the Holy Spirit this concept is presented as a fundamental approach to ethics. While Barth focuses on aspects of personal ethics, Tillich accentuates cultural ethics. This essay brings together both perspectives and especially exposes the relevance of the cultural aspects. Eventually it sketches the outlines of a contemporary theological concept of ethics.
Der Reichtum und das gute Leben
Authors: Meireis Torsten
Published: September 2014

The essay deals with the Protestant approach towards the issue of wealth. While biblical statements tend to take a very critical stance towards riches and the rich, the protestant tradition and classical and contemporary imagery take a more favorable approach. For that reason, a closer look seems necessary. Three steps are taken. First of all, the concept of ›wealth‹ bears closer scrutiny. Secondly, the classical Protestant doctrine on wealth is given a short survey. Finally, the role of wealth in a Protestant concept of the good life is discussed. As a result, prosperity and capital are distinguished from wealth: While economic prosperity and capital may well be used as means in a Christian concept of the good life, wealth - understood as intentional use of prosperity as means towards social distinction or as overwhelming economic power - should not be one of its ends. Rather, Christians should advocate the spread of a basic prosperity and capital to everyone.
Alttestamentliche Impulse für bioethische Diskussionen zum Lebensbeginn
Authors: Grohmann Marianne
Published: September 2014

The Hebrew Bible provides a rich language and manifold images of describing the beginning of life. It does not determine the status of the embryo in a technical way, but reflects general human experiences with the indeterminacy of prenatal life. Its attitude towards the beginning of life is always multi-dimensional, combining physical, personal, social and transcendental perspectives. The tension between theological explanations and human responsibility is reflected both in the Hebrew Bible and in modern bioethical discussions. Although texts like 1 Sam 1-2 and Ps 139,13-16 were written in a completely different context, their way of speaking about this tension shows parallels with current themes.
Gesundheit als Kraft zum Menschsein
Authors: Rieger Hans-Martin
Published: September 2014

What is health? This question figures prominently in several ethical, medicinal and (health-)psychological issues. Against this background the paper investigates the definition and the understanding of health in Karl Barth‘s dogmatics in its theological framework. The reconstruction provides a model of health, which allows treating contemporary issues, because it presents a dynamic and relational model with several dimensions, including the dimension of will. The will to health, though depending on somatic, psychic and social conditions, plays an important role in handling with diseases, in living with imperfections and in supporting healthy lifestyle and preventive measures. This will must be interpreted as the will and the power to be a human being with its gifts and limits
Respekt vor Patientenautonomie und Achtung der Menschenwürde
Authors: Rolf Sibylle
Published: September 2014

The study investigates the »Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics« published by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress (1979, 52001) with a particular concern for the principle of respect for autonomy. The leading question is in which philosophical background autonomy is dealt with by Beauchamp/Childress and by the enlightenment philosopher Immanuel Kant, while the more emipirical theoretical framework of Beauchamp/Childress and the rationalistic framework of Kant are being analyzed. After having considered the foundation of autonomy both in Beauchamp/Childress and Kant, the study turns to the relationship of autonomy and human dignity by exploring the implicit extension of autonomy, human dignity and being human, and asks which consequences have to be drawn from a theological point of view.
Christofer Frey
Authors: Rendtorff Trutz
Published: September 2014

Protestant ethics, since the fifties of last centrury, has moved from foundational and eschatological terms, provoked by sociohistorical selfreflection, to recognize human rights as basic frame of reference for realistic christian ethics. In consequence of this swing, conceptual, theological affinity to modern principles of human freedom as well as distinction to the realm of »public law« are challenging a new discussion of »public« theology in encounter of Christianity with Islam
Zeitzeuge der Zeitschrift für Evangelische Ethik von 1970 bis 2003
Authors: Strohm Theodor
Published: September 2014

This article shows clearly the experiences of the author concerning the social restart of Germany after 1945. The ZEE was and is a place for reflection and reorientation. Personal encounters with personalities of the »first hour« constitute the opening. This is followed by five central situations which were witnessed and devised by the author. They had a direct effect on the ZEE. 1. The participation in the senior staff of Willy Brandt had an effect on the contemplation of an »ethos of inner reforms«. 2. The reform process in South Africa with its »peaceful revolution« brought the author there, having intense working relations to the leaders of the »black majority«. These experiences found their way into the ZEE. 3. As chairman of the chamber for social order of the EKD (Evangelical Church in Germany) the author worked nearly 20 years intensively on memoranda concerning the reorientation of the welfare state in many dimensions. The ZEE was a central place of scientific debate. 4. and 5. As head of the Diakoniewissenschaftliches Institut (I. for Christian social work) of the University of Heidelberg basic questions of deaconry theologically and at the same time world wide aspects were at the centre of interest also at the ZEE
Protestantische Ethik
Authors: Gerhardt Volker
Published: September 2014

The theses presented here all depart from the assumption that ethics as a philosophical discipline is not contingent upon a theological grounding or justification. What is more: philosophical ethics may not have recourse to religious reasons. But this does not exclude the possibility that philosophically justified ethics may be made richer through reference to the beliefs and faith of those who follow it. Such an ethics elucidated by recourse to faith can strengthen and clarify both personal motives of ethical behavior and its social attractivity. This view is developed in ten theses for a Protestant ethics
Evangelische Ethik in der pluralen Gesellschaft
Authors: Schäuble Wolfgang
Published: September 2014

Politics in a democratic society is about securing the safety of all citizens while exercising the largest possible amount of openness and tolerance at the same time. But what is the role of Protestant ethics in such a society? Religion and politics are strongly interlinked, but of course not in a legal sense as the state has to remain religiously neutral. So there is nothing like »Christian politics« but there are Christians who have a political voice that needs to be raised in order to be heard. Protestants have a long tradition of publicly articulating their religious thoughts and political ideas. The concept of human dignity in Article 1 of our constitution, for example, has its roots in the belief that human life is a gift from God and does not despend on human merits. Such an articulation is essential for a state that exists on foundations and values that it cannot provide itself, as the former judge of the Constitutional Court, E.-W. Böckenförde, pointed out. The Zeitschrift für Evangelische Ethik can claim a lot of credit for the fact, that theologians and philosophers, politicans and scientists have used that forum over the last decades to articulate their views on topics concerning ethics. The variety of their positions is necessary and essential to guarantee freedom and a pluralism of opinions in our society. One experience from the First German Islam Conference, which was initiated by the Minister of State in 2006, is that a society discussing the hard questions of integration, tolerance or religious beliefs, depends on those spaces where all our substantial controversies about ethics, politics and religion can be discussed
Two Possibile Hormonal Treatment Methods for Inducing Follicular Growth in Dairy Cows With Inactive-Static Ovaries
Authors: Atanasov Branko , Mickov Ljupco , Esmerov Igor , Ilievska Ksenija , Nikolovski Martin , Dovenski Toni
Published: September 2014

Postpartum anestrus is a physiological phenomenon in high-producing dairy cows. Static ovaries have been related as major contributors for its occurrence causing a significant reproductive problem to the dairy industry. Different treatment methods have been employed with inconsistent rate of success in initiation of cyclicity, requiring further investigations in order to achieve satisfactory results. The aim of the present study was to compare the ovarian response in cows diagnosed with static ovaries, more than 60 days postpartum using two different hormonal treatment (GnRH and eCG) methods. A total of 58 acyclic cows (no CL, follicles<8mm, P4<0.5ng/mL) were randomly divided into three groups: GnRH (Group 1, n=23), eCG (Group 2, n=23) and Controls (n=12), and allocated thereafter, into subgroups according to the applied doses of GnRH (100μg or 250μg); eCG (750 IU or 1000 IU) whilst control group cows were left untreated. Daily follicular growth rate and treatment respond interval were estimated based on repeated ultrasound examinations. Blood serum P4 sampling was done on d -7, d-0 (start of the experiment) and on d 7 after ovulation. Resumption of cyclic activity occurred in 55.17% (32/58) of the treated cows, 56.52% in Group 1; 60.86% in Group 2 and 41.66% in the control group. Overall, the follicular growth rate was similar between the trials group and significant with regard to the cows in the control group (p<0.05). eCG or GnRH treated cows responded significantly faster 6.85±0.2 and 7.84±0.2 days, respectively, in comparison to the control group cows (17±0.7 days, p<0.001). Treatment with a single dose of GnRH or eCG caused resumption of follicular growth and ovulation following luteogenesis (forming CL) without significant changes in P4 concentrations on day 7 after ovulation (p>0.05). Cows in Group 2 had significantly higher incidence of multiple ovulations than cows in Group 1 (p<0.05). The eCG treatment resulted in a faster response and higher ovulation rate compared to GnRH treatment. In conclusion, both treatments have shown acceptable results in resumption of cyclicity in dairy cows with static ovaries.
Proposição de uma heurística utilizando busca-tabu para resolução do problema de escalonamento de veículos com múltiplas garagens
Authors: Casalinho Gilmar D'Agostini Oliveira , Braido Gabriel Machado , Borenstein Denis
Published: September 2014

Os problemas logísticos estão se apoiando de forma bastante expressiva na Pesquisa Operacional a fim de obter uma maior eficiência em suas operações. Dentre os vários problemas relacionados à designação de veículos em um sistema logístico, o de escalonamento de veículos com múltiplas garagens, MDVSP (Multiple Depot Vehicle Scheduling Problem), vem sendo abordado em diversas pesquisas. O MDVSP pressupõe a existência de garagens que interferem no planejamento das sequências com as quais as viagens devem ser executadas. Frequentemente, métodos exatos não podem resolver as grandes instâncias encontradas na prática e, para poder levá-las em consideração, várias abordagens heurísticas estão sendo desenvolvidas. O principal objetivo deste trabalho, portanto, foi solucionar o MDVSP através de uma heurística utilizando o método de busca-tabu. A principal motivação para a realização deste trabalho surgiu a partir da indicação de que apenas recentemente o uso de meta-heurísticas está sendo aplicado ao MDVSP e das limitações elencadas em estudos anteriores utilizando o algoritmo branch-and-bound em etapas das heurísticas apresentadas para resolver o problema, o que faz aumentar o tempo de resolução do problema. O método de pesquisa para solução deste problema foi baseado em adaptações das tradicionais técnicas de pesquisa operacional, e propiciou a resolução do MDVSP apresentando resultados bastante competitivos quanto ao custo da função objetivo, número de veículos utilizados e tempo computacional necessário.
Análise da prática vendor managed inventory (VMI) em um fornecedor de bens de consumo
Authors: Freitas Denise Cervilha , Tomas Robson Nogueira , Alcântara Rosane Lúcia Chicarelli
Published: September 2014

Uma das práticas colaborativas mais discutidas na literatura é o Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI), que dá ao fornecedor a liberdade de tomar as decisões de reabastecimento de seu cliente, permitindo o melhor planejamento de sua produção. Apesar dos esforços de vários pesquisadores, nota-se que poucos estudos tratam de questões práticas da adoção do VMI, inclusive no Brasil. Sendo assim, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo a análise da prática do VMI de um fornecedor de bens de consumo com um de seus clientes varejistas, evidenciando as barreiras que limitam os potenciais resultados da prática e também os fatores considerados críticos para o sucesso do VMI. A revisão bibliográfica permitiu a identificação e o agrupamento desses fatores em comportamentais, culturais e físicos. O método utilizado foi o estudo de caso com entrevistas em profundidade, que evidenciou a existência de um processo de VMI bem estruturado entre as empresas, porém com oportunidades de melhoria. Neste sentido, foi possível identificar os fatores que limitam os potenciais ganhos do VMI na empresa analisada e também aqueles que contribuem para o sucesso da prática.
Flexibilidade no desenvolvimento de software: a percepção de gerentes de projeto de Aracaju/SE
Authors: Lima Michell Angelo Santos , Luft Maria Conceição Melo Silva
Published: September 2014

Os gerentes de projetos de desenvolvimento de software precisam cada vez mais lidar com fatores como a competição, demanda por qualidade, menores ciclos de vida de produtos e mudanças tecnológicas constantes no mercado. Com o propósito de contribuir para tal discussão, esta pesquisa investiga como as características de flexibilidade são percebidas por gerentes de projetos no desenvolvimento de software através da caracterização dos modelos de processos de desenvolvimento de software adotados no contexto estudado, assim como no destaque de elementos de flexibilidade nestes processos. A metodologia teve caráter exploratório, descritivo e qualitativo e adotou-se a estratégia de pesquisa estudo de casos múltiplos, na qual os casos foram caracterizados pelos processos de desenvolvimento de software e, como fonte de evidências, escolheram-se os gestores de projetos de software que atuam em empresas de Aracaju há mais de cinco anos na função, por considerar que estes profissionais possuem uma visão mais abrangente do processo de desenvolvimento de tais sistemas. Como resultados obtidos, os gerentes de projetos, apesar de focarem nos aspectos técnicos do processo de desenvolvimento de software, associam o nível de sucesso do projeto a outros fatores, tais como a flexibilidade com relação ao cliente, nos grupos de trabalho e no processo de desenvolvimento.
Uma dinâmica para o ensino da matriz produto-processo: roteiro e aplicação
Authors: Santos Luciano Costa , Arnaud Leonardo de Miranda , Dutra Jéssica Bezerril
Published: September 2014

A matriz produto-processo é um conhecido modelo conceitual proposto por Hayes e Wheelwright (1979) que é comumente utilizado para a identificação dos tipos de processos produtivos e para a análise do alinhamento desses processos com os produtos de uma empresa. Para fins didáticos, a matriz auxilia os graduandos das séries iniciais do curso de Engenharia de Produção a compreender a lógica dos sistemas de produção, fundamentando conhecimentos que serão essenciais para diversas disciplinas do curso. Considerando o alto grau de abstração dos conceitos subjacentes à matriz produto-processo, este artigo apresenta uma forma de facilitar a aprendizagem dos mesmos por meio da aplicação de uma dinâmica de ensino que utiliza a filosofia de aprendizagem ativa como eixo metodológico. A dinâmica proposta utiliza fichas coloridas de plástico e tubos de PVC como materiais principais, diferenciando-se da proposta original de Penlesky e Treleven (2005). Além de apresentar uma dinâmica extremamente simples, o que encoraja sua aplicação em sala de aula, outra contribuição do presente artigo é a definição de um roteiro completo para a realização da atividade. Este roteiro prevê a montagem de produtos fictícios em cenários de personalização e padronização para a comparação de dois tipos de processos da matriz produto-processo, produção por tarefa (job shop) e produção em massa (linha de montagem). O sucesso na utilização da dinâmica foi comprovado após sua aplicação em duas turmas de um curso de Engenharia de Produção, confirmado por meio das respostas positivas obtidas em um questionário de avaliação.
Métodos para a tomada de decisão em portfólio de produtos: um levantamento em empresas dos setores eletrônico, óptico e de informática
Authors: Silva Mila Gibran , Leoni Juliene Navas , Jugend Daniel , Silva Sérgio Luis da , Salgado Manoel Henrique
Published: September 2014

A tomada de decisão em portfólio de produtos é aspecto relevante, não apenas para o bom desempenho do desenvolvimento de produtos, mas também para auxiliar no processo da estratégia de negócio. Este artigo possui o objetivo de apresentar e analisar os principais métodos para a tomada de decisão em portfólio de produtos adotados por grandes e médias empresas, que atuam no Brasil, nos setores eletrônicos, óptico e de informática. Foi realizada uma pesquisa do tipo survey em uma amostra de 40 empresas. Notou-se que grande parte dessas, especialmente as de médio porte, segue um padrão informal para a tomada de decisão em portfólio de produtos e, que são guiadas, sobretudo, pela percepção da alta administração. Dentre os métodos formais empregados, os financeiros, de pesquisa de mercado e de mapeamento são os mais presentes nos setores estudados.
Prawo sędziowskie na Węgrzech
Authors: Visegrády Antal
Published: September 2014

Currently, there is a big discussion about judicial activism in continental legal systems. This phenomenon is rather negatively described, as the breaking the fundamental principle of separation of powers.In this paper, it will be demonstrated that, although Hungary belongs to civil law system, where judges are not allowed to be a lawmakers, actually they do make law. In Hungarian law, there is a great number of cases when judges evidently make law. What is more, their activism has a very positive impact on the whole legal system; judges make law more just and uniform, and at the same time enhance its certainty.In the following parts of the paper, it will be described the lawmaking role of judges, particular inlegal fields such as: civil law, criminal law, labor law etc.
Charakter władzy suwerennej w koncepcjach ładu konstytucyjnego Hansa Kelsena i Carla Schmitta
Authors: Kaleta Krzysztof J. , Koźmiński Krzysztof
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this article is to review the controversy between two, potentially most influential legal theorists in 20th century, Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt. Their philosophical concepts: Schmittian decisionism and Kelsenian normativism, were based on different assumptions, leading their authors to variant practical conclusions. It is reasonable to infer that the differences in their visions of constitutional order were deeply rooted in different intellectual traditions – not only political (Kelsen’s involvement in defense of liberal democracy unlike Carl Schmitt, whose conservative attitude and critique of liberalism led to support totalitarian state and extreme right wing ideology), but also theological (pantheistic idea of God and fideism; conflict between rationality and faith). So from this perspective „Pure theory of law” can be seen as pantheistic political theology, because „pantheism overcomes the opposition of God and World; the Pure Theory of Law accordingly overcomes the opposition of State and Law”. On the other hand legal philosophy of Carl Schmitt is inspired by the Roman Catholic theological concept of the miracle, whereby God is free from the laws of nature – and in consequence – the sovereign is not bound by the law and may decide exceptions to it.
Czy pragmatyka jest u Kelsena możliwa?
Authors: Zalewska Monika
Published: September 2014

The main goal of Hans Kelsen’s Pure Theory of Law is to build a science of law. Kelsen is looking for a valid conditions of legal science and find them in neokantian philosophy. However, in the last phase when he turns into linguistic paradigm, he can’t explain science of law through neokantian terms anymore. In this case the question arises, how to recognize law from other linguistic expressions. Normally one could recall context of such expression (pragmatical context). In Kelsen’s case this is impossible as he distinguishes between is and ought and postulates that we should study law only on ought sphere. Despite this I will try to demonstrate that the pragmatics is possible in Pure Theory of Law by transforming previous neokantian categories into pragmatic ones.
Paternalizm prawniczy a tożsamość polskiej kultury prawnej
Authors: Skuczyński Paweł
Published: September 2014

The model of legal profession is one of the most important features of every legal culture and constitutional identity. The paper aims at explaining the identity of Polish legal profession according to their history and evolution of Polish political and constitutional basic ideas. The argument is that the strongly manifested element of this identity is lawyers’ paternalism. That means lawyers act to protect the interest of their clients often without an alignment or even against their clients will. This attitude toward the lawyer-client relationship is deeply rooted in Polish legal culture, especially in interconnection of two discourses. First is the egalitarian one which establishes the task of lawyers as to provide to everyone equal legal aid and to protect everyone’s rights and liberties. Second is the elitist one that tend to justify the claim that effective legal aid and the protection of right and liberties is possible only through some special abilities and skills of lawyers which not everyone could possess.
Wojna z terroryzmem a filozofia prawa. Uwagi na marginesie wydarzeń po 11 września 2001 r.
Authors: Dobrzeniecki Karol
Published: September 2014

The article examines to what extend existing philosophy of law and especially natural law doctrine may be applied in the discourse on legitimization of a state fighting terrorism. Since the 9-11 attacks issues of extraordinary threats to public safety occur regularly in scientific discussions among ethics, sociologists, political scientists, security experts. This topic has also became visible in legal science, even in its most unworldly discipline which is philosophy of law. The article is intended to present general tendencies in legal discussions after 9-11 with special reference to aristotelic-tomistic tradition of understanding the notions of common good, the aim of a state and of law.
On stabilization of the node-based smoothed finite element method for free vibration problems
Authors: Thang Bui Xuan , Hung Nguyen Xuan , Phong Ngo Thanh
Published: September 2014

The node-based smoothed finite element method (NS-FEM) has been recently proposed by Liu et al to enhance the computational effect for solid mechanics problems. However, it is evident that the NS-FEM behaves "overly-soft" and so it may lead to instability for dynamic problems. The instability can be clearly shown as spurious non-zero energy modes in free vibration analysis. In this paper, we present a stabilization of the node-based smoothed finite element method (SN-FEM) that is stable (no spurious non-zero energy modes) and more effective than the standard finite element method (FEM). Three numerical illustrations are given to evince the high reliability of the proposed formulation.
Wavelet based technique for multi-crack detection of a beam-like structure using the vibration data measured directly from a moving vehicle
Authors: Viet Khoa Nguyen , Thanh Hai Tran
Published: September 2014

In this paper an idea for crack detection of a multi-cracked beam-like structure by analyzing the vibration measured directly from the vehicle is presented. The crack model is adopted from fracture mechanics. The dynamic response of the bridge-vehicle system is measured directly from the moving vehicle. When the vehicle moves along the structure, the dynamic response of the vehicle is distorted by the cracks at their locations. These distortions are generally small and difficult to be detected visually. In order to detect the cracks, Wavelet Transform - an effective method of detecting such small distortions was adopted. The existence of the cracks can be revealed by large values (peaks) in the wavelet transform. Locations of the cracks can be determined by positions of the peaks and the vehicle speed. Numerical results show that the method can detect cracks as small as 10 % of the beam height with noise level up to 5%. The proposed method is applicable for low velocity-movements while high velocity-movements are not recommended.
Bending vibration of beam elements under moving loads with considering vehicle braking forces
Authors: Toan Nguyen Xuan
Published: September 2014

The study of fluctuations of structures in general and bridge structures in particular under the influence of moving loads considering the impact of vehicle braking forces draws the attention of many scientists. However, due to the complexity of this problem a static method has been so far applied for approximate calculation in bridge design standards. In this article the author introduces the equation of bending vibrations of beam elements according to the model of dynamic interaction between beam elements and moving vehicle loads considering vehicle braking forces.
Dynamic characteristics of elastically supported beam subjected to a compressive axial force and a moving load
Authors: Kien Nguyen Dinh , Ha Le Thi
Published: September 2014

This paper discusses the dynamic characteristics of an elastically supported Euler-Bernoulli beam subjected to an initially loaded compressive force and a moving point load. The eccentricity of the axial force is taken into consideration. The time-histories for beam deflection and the dynamic magnification factors are computed by using the Galerkin finite element method and the implicit Newmark method. The effects of decelerated and accelerated motions on the dynamic characteristics are also examined. The influence of the axial force, eccentricity and the moving load parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the beams is investigated and highlighted.
New concepts of theory of gearing and a method for reverse synthesis of the gearing
Authors: Phuc Nguyen Thien
Published: September 2014

In this paper,  the concepts of theory of gearing are developed by the synthesis of the results of our researches for years into theorical development and practical application of the generation of gear. A method of the reverse synthesis of the gearing is introduced in the third part.
Experimental study on Young's modulus E of a polymer composite reinforced by nano titanium dioxide particles
Authors: Duc Nguyen Dinh , Minh Dinh Khac
Published: September 2014

There are many formulas proposed by different authors in order to determine elastic modules for composite filler particles. This article aims to present the experiment's results and to review some formulas for determining Young's modulus of elasticity E of the polyester filler titanium dioxide particles composite. The results showed that there was a relatively good fit between theory and practice of some formulas.
Low voltage operation electrostatic comb drive micro-mirror for laser scanning display
Authors: Chu Hoang Manh , Ngoc Hung Vu , Hane Kazuhiro
Published: September 2014

Electrostatic comb drive micro-mirror has limitation of high operation voltage, which has limited its practice use. Recent developments in decreasing operation voltage are promising for mobile micro-mirror. Especially, the operation voltage is decreased substantially by removing the air friction of comb-drive micro-mirror at a high resonant frequency when the mirror is operated at low pressure. Removing simultaneously the air friction and anchor loss, electrostatic comb-drive micro-mirror operating at a few voltages at a high resonant frequency becomes possible. This paper presents our recent developments as well as emerging techniques introduced in literature for decreasing the operation voltage of electrostatic comb drive micro-mirror. Methods for decreasing the operation voltage at large rotation angle and high scan frequency for application in the laser scanning display are focused to discuss in this paper.
Design and fabrication of the trapezoidal electrostatic comb-drive actuator
Authors: Phuc Pham Hong , Toan Dinh Khac , Lam Dang Bao , Khoa Nguyen Tuan , Dung Nguyen Tien
Published: September 2014

This paper reports the design, fabrication and characterization process of the trapezoidal Electrostatic Comb-drive Actuator (ECA) with the slope angle α=20. Together with the trapezoidal ones, the rectangular ECA with identical dimension was also designed and fabricated for comparison purpose. In order to reduce calculating deviation, the fringing effect was also taken into consider while carrying out theoretical analysis. The obtained results pointed out the fact, that the trapezoidal ECA excels the rectangular ones with the same numbers of teeth in electrostatic force and displacement generation, while requires relatively low driving voltage. But it is also observed that with higher driving voltage (larger than 50V), the trapezoidal ECA starts to lose its stability (the lateral pull-in phenomenon occurs).
Development of hydrogel-based MEMS piezoresistive sensors for detection of solution pH and glucose concentration
Authors: Thong Trinh Quang , Guenther Margarita , Gerlach Gerald
Published: September 2014

Hydrogels are water-swollen polymeric materials that maintain a distinct three-dimensional structure. Manipulation of hydrogel structure has produced stimuli sensitive hydrogels, which change their swelling degree or undergo phase transition in response to minimal changes in environmental conditions. This paper presents the development of hydrogel-based sensors for measurement of solution pH and glucose concentration using commercial MEMS piezoresistive pressure transducers. pH-sensitive PVA/PAA and glucose-sensitive AAm/3-APB/BIS hydrogels are used in the experiments. Two types of sensor packaging, one is used as solution container and the other used to dip into solution have been performed. The measurements for different solutions having pH values between 1 to 11 and glucose concentrations between 2.5 mM and 15 mM have been carried out. The output characteristics of sensors have been demonstrated showing the long-term reproduction and relatively good sensitivity, namely approximately 20 mV/pH for pH sensor and 7 mV/1 mM of glucose concentration for glucose sensor.
Molecules sensing layer design of piezoresistive cantilever sensor for higher surface stress sensitivity
Authors: Yin Tsung-I , Nguyen Tien Anh
Published: September 2014

This paper reports on molecular sensing layer design of a piezoresistive cantilever sensor for higher surface stress sensitivity. The proposed analyses show that the previous understanding of piezoresistive cantilevers for surface stress measurement requires reconsideration for a cantilever utilizing polycrystalline silicon as a piezoresistor. The integration of the molecular sensing layer stripe pattern design to the cantilever effectively improves the piezoresistive output and utilizes the full sensing area of the cantilever surface. The proposed sensing layer design can be effectively integrated to current piezoresistive cantilever sensors to improve sensor performance in biochemical assays.
Numerical simulation of a wave energy converter using linear generator
Authors: Ba Dang The
Published: September 2014

This paper presents results of numerical simulation for a wave energy converter using linear permanent magnet generator. The use of linear permanent generator has advantages of simple structure, minimizing mechanical loose... On the base of mechanics model, a system of equations describing the operation of the device under linear potential wave was obtained. The magnetic field in generator was calculated by Flex-PDE software. The system of movement equations was numerically solved with Matlab.Various calculations were performed with different parameters of wave conditions and device's structures to determine the device’s configuration for a 300 W output power for the offshore wave condition in South-Central offshore of Vietnam. The results also show potential of developing the wave energy conversion to meet the energy demand in some coastal and island regions of Vietnam.
Parameter optimization of tuned mass damper for three-degree-of-freedom vibration systems
Authors: Khang Nguyen Van , Loc Trieu Quoc , Tuan Nguyen Anh
Published: September 2014

There are problems in mechanical, structural and aerospace engineering that can be formulated as Nonlinear Programming. In this paper, the problem of parameters optimization of tuned mass damper for three-degree-of-freedom vibration systems is investigated using sequential quadratic programming method. The objective is to minimize the extreme vibration amplitude of vibration models. It is shown that the constrained formulation, that includes lower and upper bounds on the updating parameters in the form of inequality constraints, is important for obtaining a correct updated model.
Flutter instability analysis of bridge decks using the step-by-step method
Authors: Khang Nguyen Van , An Tran Ngoc
Published: September 2014

The branch switch characteristics of coupled flutter are clarified by use of Step-by-Step flutter analysis. In the case of typically coupled flutter instability, the branch switch characteristic from torsional branch to heaving branch is observed. In this paper, a revised step-by-step analysis method is proposed and a calculating program using MATLAB is built. Finally, the flutter behavior of the Cao Lanh Bridge, which is the long bridge in Vietnam, is studied from the point of view of flutter in two-degrees of freedom, namely torsional and heaving motion.
Dynamic interaction between the two-axle vehicle and continuous girder bridge with considering vehicle braking force
Authors: Toan Nguyen Xuan
Published: September 2014

Nowadays, the structures of continuous girder bridges are becoming more and more popular with the rapid development of highway networks in many nations around the world, including Vietnam. High strength materials are commonly used to construct the bridge structures, so they are very slender and sensitive to the effects of dynamic loads, especially in the cases that vehicles run with high speed or brake suddenly on the bridges. In this paper, the author would like to introduce the study of a model of dynamic interaction between two-axle vehicle and continuous girder bridge. The model of a two-axle vehicle consists of three masses, taking into account the inertia force and friction force between the tires and the bridge surface due to vehicle braking. Vertical reaction forces of axles which change with time make bending vibration of beam increase significantly. The results of the experiment on the Hoaxuan Bridge and the analysis of the computerized model indicate that dynamic factors are substantial when vehicle brakes suddenly on bridge.
Crack detection of a beam-like bridge using 3D mode shapes
Authors: Nguyen Khoa Viet
Published: September 2014

In this paper, mode shapes of a 3D cracked beam with a rectangular cross section are analyzed for crack detection. The influence of coupling mechanism between horizontal and vertical bending vibrations due to the 3D crack model on the mode shapes is investigated. Due to the coupling mechanism the mode shapes of a beam are twisted in space. They change from plane curves to space curves. This phenomenon can be used for crack detection. The existence of the crack can be detected when the mode shapes are space curves. Also, the mode shapes of a cracked beam bridge have distortions or sharp changes at the crack position. Therefore, the position of the crack can be determined as a position at which the mode shapes exhibit such distortions or sharp changes. Moreover, using the mode shapes in 3D crack model, a crack with depth as small as 1% of the beam height can be detected, while in previous studies using 2D crack model, distortions in the mode shapes caused by a small crack cannot be detected. These results are new and can be used for crack detection of a beam bridge. The stiffness matrix of a 3D cracked element obtained from fracture mechanics is presented and numerical simulations are provided in this paper.
Van Der Pol-Duffing oscillator under combined harmonic and random excitations
Authors: Anh N. D. , Zakovorotny V. L. , Hao D. N.
Published: September 2014

A new technique is proposed to investigate the response of Van der Pol-Duffing (V-D for short) oscillator to a combination of harmonic and random excitations in the primary resonant frequency region. The analytical approach is based on the stochastic averaging method and equivalent linearization method. The stochastic averaging is applied to the original equation transformed into Cartesian coordinates. Then the resulting nonlinear averaged equations are linearized by the equivalent linearization method so that the equations obtained can be solved exactly by the technique of auxiliary function. Numerical results show that the proposed approximate technique is an effective approach to solving the V-D equation. Although the technique has been used for the V-D equation in the paper, however, it can also be used to solve many other nonlinear oscillators.