bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a microhaplotype panel for steelhead/rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and application for phylogenetic analysis in California
Authors: Le Gall Ronan , Barthelemy Noé , Clemento Anthony J. , Columbus Cassondra D. , Campbell Ellen , Correa Elena C. A. , Rodzen Jeff A. , Garza John Carlos , Pearse Devon E.
Published: November 2024

Advances in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic data processing have prompted a transition in wildlife and fisheries genetics from the use of allozymes, mtDNA, or microsatellites towards markers that are more amenable to genotyping by sequencing, increasing the amount of data obtained for a lower cost with less time-consuming techniques. Microhaplotypes are novel multi-allelic genetic markers that utilize a high-throughput genomic amplicon sequencing approach to genotype large numbers of individuals for parentage and kinship analysis and population genetic studies, including applications in monitoring and fisheries management. We describe the development of a panel of microhaplotypes for Oncorhynchus mykiss, a species of high cultural and economic importance throughout its native range and globally through introductions for aquaculture and due to its reputation as a prized sport fish among recreational fishers. The panel includes 124 loci presumed to be neutral, a marker for the sex determination locus (SdY), and 10 loci targeting previously identified adaptive genomic variants associated with important life-history traits in this species. We demonstrate that this panel provides high resolution for phylogeographic and other genetic analysis and on initial standardized reference population genetic baseline of California O. mykiss.
Clustering in nuclei: progress and perspectives
Authors: Wei Kang , Ye Yan-Lin , Yang Zai-Hong
Published: November 2024

Nucleus is essentially composed of protons and neutrons, which are commonly known as nucleons. Interestingly, some of nucleons may group together and exhibit collective behavior inside a nucleus. Such clustering effects have been known since the early stages of nuclear physics because of the observation and description of α-cluster decay from many heavy nuclei. Subsequent studies demonstrated that cluster structures exist in many nuclear systems, especially in weakly bound or excited states, and are complementary to the shell-like structures. In this review article, we provide a brief historical recall of the field, and follow it with a conceptual and logical description of the major theoretical models that have been frequently applied in the literature to describe nuclear clustering. Experimental methods and progress are outlined, recent outcomes are emphasized, and perspectives relevant to future studies of heavy neutron-rich systems are discussed.
The evolution of vortices determines the aeroacoustics generated by a hovering wing
Authors: Ji Xueyu , Jin Bruce Ruishu , Huang Qiuxiang , Wang Li , Ravi Sridhar , Young John , Lai Joseph C.S. , Tian Fang-Bao
Published: November 2024

The effects of the evolution of vortices on the aeroacoustics generated by a hovering wing are numerically investigated by using a hybrid method of an immersed boundary–finite difference method for the three-dimensional incompressible flows and a simplified model based on the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings acoustic analogy. A low-aspect-ratio (

$AR=1.5$

) rectangular wing at low Reynolds (

$Re=1000$

) and Mach (

$M=0.04$

) numbers is investigated. Based on the simplified model, the far-field acoustics is shown to be dominated by the time derivative of the pressure on the wing surface. Results show that vortical structure evolution in the flow fields, which is described by the divergence of the convection term of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in a body-fixed reference frame, determines the time derivative of the surface pressure and effectively the far-field acoustics. It dominates over the centrifugal acceleration and Coriolis acceleration terms in determining the time derivative of the surface pressure. The position of the vortex is also found to affect the time derivative of the surface pressure. A scaling analysis reveals that the vortex acoustic source is scaled with the cube of the flapping frequency.
Effect of double-duty interventions on double burden of malnutrition among adolescents in Debre Berhan Regiopolitan City, Ethiopia: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Getacher Lemma , Ademe Beyene Wondafrash , Belachew Tefera
Published: November 2024

Combating the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in adolescents is a critical public health challenge in low-income countries like Ethiopia. However, past efforts have lacked focus and exhibited diverse governance strategies. Therefore, this study assesses the effect of selected double-duty interventions (DDIs) on DBM among adolescents in Central Ethiopia. The DBM status (thinness, normal, overweight/obesity) was determined using WHO AnthroPlus software. A two-arm parallel cluster randomised controlled trial was used among 708 adolescents (356 for the intervention group [IG] and 352 for the control group [CG]) from 13 October 2022 to 30 June 2023. The intervention’s effect was analysed through difference-in-difference (DID) analysis and a multivariable multinomial generalised estimating equation (GEE) model with significance set at P < 0.05. The overall DBM prevalence decreased by nearly 7% (4.7% for thinness, 2.2% for overweight/obesity) in the DID analysis. After adjusting for possible confounders, the GEE model indicated that adolescents in the IG were 34% less likely to have higher DBM than those in the CG (AOR = 0.66, 95% CI [0.46, 0.94]). Additionally, the probability of DBM decreased by 59% at the end line compared to baseline measurements (AOR = 0.41, 95% CI [0.03, 0.92]). Adolescents in the category of time and IG interaction were 44% less likely to have increased DBM (AOR = 0.56, 95% [CI 0.02, 0.38]). Thus, this study underscores the effectiveness of selected DDIs in addressing DBM among adolescents using a health belief model. These results advocate for the integration of DDI strategies into existing nutrition guidelines, programmes, and policies.

The trial was registered prospectively in ClinicalTrials.gov with registration number NCT05574842.
Geometric error modeling and source error identification methodology for a serial–parallel hybrid kinematic machining unit with five axis
Authors: Shen Yifeng , Tang Tengfei , Ye Wei , Zhang Jun
Published: November 2024

To meet the high-precision positioning requirements for hybrid machining units, this article presents a geometric error modeling and source error identification methodology for a serial–parallel hybrid kinematic machining unit (HKMU) with five axis. A minimal kinematic error modeling of the serial–parallel HKMU is established with screw-based method after elimination of redundant errors. A set of composite error indices is formulated to describe the terminal accuracy distribution characteristics in a quantitative manner. A modified projection method is proposed to determine the actual compensable and noncompensable source errors of the HKMU by identifying such transformable source errors. Based on this, the error compensation and comparison analysis are carried out on the exemplary HKMU to numerically verify the effectiveness of the proposed modified projection method. The geometric error evaluations reveal that the parallel module has a larger impacts on the terminal accuracy of the platform of the HKMU than the serial module. The error compensation results manifest that the modified projection method can find additional compensable source errors and significantly reduce the average and maximum values of geometric errors of the HKMU. Hence, the proposed methodology can be applied to improve the accuracy of kinematic calibration of the compensable source errors and can reduce the difficulty and workload of tolerance design for noncompensable source errors of such serial–parallel hybrid mechanism.
Predicting Unpaid Care Work in India Using Random Forest: An Analysis of Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors
Authors: Tripathi Saumya
Published: November 2024

Given the complexity of unpaid care work in the Indian context, this study employs advanced machine learning techniques to unveil hidden patterns within the 2019 time-use survey dataset. The study pursues a dual objective: (1) assessing the superior predictive capability of machine learning over traditional statistical methods in estimating unpaid care work time, and (2) unveiling the sociodemographic determinants of extended unpaid care work durations. The results emphasise the exceptional predictive performance of machine learning, notably the random forest analysis, with a noteworthy 9 per cent improvement in forecast accuracy. Key determinants influencing unpaid care work time encompass gender, employment status, marital situation, and age. Findings underscore the heightened vulnerability of young married women without employment, who face amplified unpaid care work demands, exacerbating related challenges and risks. It further highlights the country’s imperative for a comprehensive care framework to mitigate caregiving constraints hindering women’s equitable participation in evolving economic paradigms.
Designs, developments, challenges, and fabrication materials for MIMO antennas with various 5G and 6G applications: a review
Authors: Muttair Karrar Shakir , Shareef Oras Ahmed , Taher Hazeem Baqir
Published: November 2024

The rapid expansion of digital media platforms and their growing user base in the wireless industry necessitate communication systems to provide information at high speeds with reliable connections. Therefore, wireless communication systems with a single antenna cannot accomplish these requirements. Consequently, the access and utilization of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antennas are becoming more common in contemporary high-speed transmission systems. This article covers the fundamentals of MIMO antenna operation, the metrics for MIMO antenna performance parameters, and the design methodologies for specifying the three most commonly used antennas (two-port, quad-port, and eight-port). Additionally, it discusses their ability to improve channel capacity significantly. It focuses on designing MIMO antennas with ultra-wideband (UWB) for 5G systems operating between 1 and 27 GHz and millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands from 30 to 100 GHz. This article is valuable for researchers interested in developing MIMO antennas for diverse applications. It compiles advanced methods related to materials, advancements, challenges, and state-of-the-art technologies used in the design of high-performance MIMO antennas. We concluded that antennas that operate at mmWave frequencies have small dimensions and suffer from isolation problems in the MIMO formation. In contrast, antennas operating below 6 GHz are large and do not suffer from isolation problems.
Quantifying Global Hydrological Sensitivity to CO2 Physiological and Radiative Forcings Under Large CO2 Increases
Authors: Zhang Xuanze , Zhang Yongqiang , Wang Ying‐Ping , Tang Qiuhong , Ban Yunyun , Ren Chanyue , Letu Husi , Shi Jiancheng , Liu Changming
Published: November 2024

Prediction of surface freshwater flux (precipitation or evaporation) in a CO2‐enriched climate is highly uncertain, primarily depending on the hydrological responses to physiological and radiative forcings of CO2 increase. Using the 1pctCO2 (a 1% per year CO2 increase scenario) experiments of 12 CMIP6 models, we first decouple and quantify the magnitude of global hydrological sensitivity to CO2 physiological and radiative forcings. Results show that the direct global hydrological sensitivity (for land plus ocean precipitation) to CO2 increase only is −0.09 ± 0.07% (100 ppm) −1 and to CO2‐induced warming alone is 1.54 ± 0.24% K−1. The latter is about 10% larger than the global apparent hydrological sensitivity (i.e., including all effects, not only direct responses to warming,  = 1.39 ± 0.22% K−1). These hydrological sensitivities are relatively stable over transient 2× to 4 × CO2 scenario. The intensification of the global water cycle are dominated by the CO2 radiative effect (79 ± 12%) with a smaller positive contribution from the interaction between the two effects (6 ± 12%), but are reduced by the CO2 physiological effect (−10 ± 8%). This finding underlines the importance of CO2 vegetation physiology in global water cycle projections under a CO2‐enriched and warming climate.
Seemingly Simple Climate Adaptation Strategy Could Backfire
Authors: Sidik Saima
Published: November 2024

Reflecting sunlight can protect a neighborhood from scorching temperatures, but surrounding neighborhoods could suffer as a result.
A decade of public engagement regarding human germline gene editing: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Geuverink Wendy P. , Houtman Diewertje , Retel Helmrich Isabel R. A. , Kist Joosje D. , Henneman Lidewij , Cornel Martina C. , Riedijk Sam R. ,   ‘The DNA dialogues’ Consortium
Published: November 2024

Following the discovery of the CRISPR-Cas technology in 2012, there has been a growing global call for public engagement regarding the potential use of human germline gene editing (HGGE). In this systematic scoping review, we aim to evaluate public engagement studies considering the following questions based on three points of attention: 1) Inclusion of underrepresented groups: who have been engaged? 2) Gathering values: what output has been reported? 3) Reaching societal impact: what objectives of public engagement have been reported? A systematic literature search from 2012 to 2023 identified 3464 articles reporting on public engagement studies regarding HGGE retrieved from 12 databases. After screening, 52 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, resulting in 36 articles that cover 31 public engagement studies. We conclude that co-created efforts are needed to engage underrepresented groups as well as to yield values rather than acceptance levels, and to concretise how engagement might result in societal impact.
The genetic origins of species boundaries at subtropical and temperate ecoregions in the North American racers (Coluber constrictor)
Authors: Burbrink Frank T. , Myers Edward A.
Published: November 2024

Phylogeographically structured lineages are a common outcome of range-wide population genetic studies. In the southeastern United States, disconnection between populations found at the intersection of the southeastern coastal plains of peninsular Florida and the southeastern plains of the adjacent continent is readily apparent among many plants and animals. However, the timing and maintenance of species boundaries between these distinctly different subtropical and temperate regions remains unknown for all organisms studied there. Using genome-scale data, we examine the timing of origins, gene flow, and the movement of genes under selection in unique ecoregions within the North American racers (Coluber constrictor). Isolation-migration models along with tests of genome-wide selection, locus-environment associations, and spatial and genomic clines demonstrate that two unrecognized species are present and are in contact at the boundary of these two ecoregions. We show that selection at several loci associated with unique environments have maintained species boundaries despite constant levels of gene flow between these lineages over thousands of generations. This research provides a new avenue of research to examine speciation processes in poorly studied biodiversity hotspots.
A massively parallel reporter assay library to screen short synthetic promoters in mammalian cells
Authors: Zahm Adam M. , Owens William S. , Himes Samuel R. , Fallon Braden S. , Rondem Kathleen E. , Gormick Alexa N. , Bloom Joshua S. , Kosuri Sriram , Chan Henry , English Justin G.
Published: November 2024

Cellular responses to stimuli underpin discoveries in drug development, synthetic biology, and general life sciences. We introduce a library comprising 6144 synthetic promoters, each shorter than 250 bp, designed as transcriptional readouts of cellular stimulus responses in massively parallel reporter assay format. This library facilitates precise detection and amplification of transcriptional activity from our promoters, enabling the systematic development of tunable reporters with dynamic ranges of 50−100 fold. Our library proved functional in numerous cell lines and responsive to a variety of stimuli, including metabolites, mitogens, toxins, and pharmaceutical agents, generating robust and scalable reporters effective in screening assays, biomarkers, and synthetic circuits attuned to endogenous cellular activities. Particularly valuable in therapeutic development, our library excels in capturing candidate reporters to signals mediated by drug targets, a feature we illustrate across nine diverse G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), critical targets in drug development. We detail how this tool isolates and defines discrete signaling pathways associated with specific GPCRs, elucidating their transcriptional signatures. With its ease of implementation, broad utility, publicly available data, and comprehensive documentation, our library will be beneficial in synthetic biology, cellular engineering, ligand exploration, and drug development.
A proteome-wide quantitative platform for nanoscale spatially resolved extraction of membrane proteins into native nanodiscs
Authors: Brown Caroline , Ghosh Snehasish , McAllister Rachel , Kumar Mukesh , Walker Gerard , Sun Eric , Aman Talat , Panda Aniruddha , Kumar Shailesh , Li Wenxue , Coleman Jeff , Liu Yansheng , Rothman James E. , Bhattacharyya Moitrayee , Gupta Kallol
Published: November 2024

The native membrane environment profoundly influences every aspect of membrane protein (MP) biology. Despite this, the most prevalent method of studying MPs uses detergents to disrupt and remove this vital membrane context, impeding our ability to decipher the local molecular context and its effect. Here we develop a membrane proteome-wide platform that enables rapid spatially resolved extraction of target MPs directly from cellular membranes into native nanodiscs that maintain the local membrane context, using a library of membrane-active polymers. We accompany this with an open-access database that quantifies the polymer-specific extraction efficiency for 2,065 unique mammalian MPs and provides the most optimized extraction condition for each. To validate, we demonstrate how this resource can enable rapid extraction and purification of target MPs from different organellar membranes with high efficiency and purity. Further, we show how the database can be extended to capture overexpressed multiprotein complexes by taking two synaptic vesicle MPs. We expect these publicly available resources to empower researchers across disciplines to efficiently capture membrane ‘nano-scoops’ containing a target MP and interface with structural, functional and bioanalytical approaches.
Artificial intelligence-based optimization for extracellular L-glutaminase free L-asparaginase production by Streptomyces violaceoruber under solid state fermentation conditions
Authors: El-Naggar Noura El-Ahmady , Hamouda Ragaa A. , Elshafey Naglaa
Published: November 2024

The bacterial L-asparaginase is a highly effective chemotherapeutic drug and a cornerstone of treatment protocols used for treatment the acute lymphoblastic leukemia in pediatric oncology. A potential actinomycete isolate, Streptomyces sp. strain NEAE-99, produces glutaminase-free L-asparaginase was isolated from a soil sample. This potential strain was identified as S. violaceoruber strain NEAE-99. The central composite design (CCD) approach was utilized for finding the optimal values for four variables including the mixture of soybean and wheat bran in a 1:1 ratio (w/w), the concentrations of dextrose, L-asparagine, and potassium nitrate under solid state fermentation conditions. Through the use of an artificial neural network (ANN), the production of L-asparaginase by S. violaceoruber has been investigated, validated, and predicted in comparison to CCD. It was found that the optimal predicted conditions for maximum L-asparaginase production (216.19 U/gds) were 8.46 g/250 mL Erlenmeyer flask of soybean and wheat bran mixture in a 1:1 ratio (w/w), 2.2 g/L of dextrose, 18.97 g/L of L-asparagine, and 1.34 g/L of KNO3. The experimental results (207.55 U/gds) closely approximated the theoretical values (216.19 U/gds), as evidenced by the validation. This suggests that the ANN exhibited a high degree of precision and predictive capability.
Combination of quadruple isotope dilution strategy and dispersive solid phase extraction method for accurate quantification of selected steroid hormones
Authors: Ular Çağatay Neşe , Bodur Süleyman , Bodur Sezin Erarpat , Maviş Murat Emrah , Bakırdere Sezgin
Published: November 2024

An accurate and precise analytical method (DSPE-LC-ID4-MS/MS) was proposed for the determination of selected hormones at trace levels.
Phosphazene base-catalyzed telescopic three-component reaction involving 1,1-difunctionalization of electron-deficient alkenes
Authors: Kondoh Azusa , Yamaguchi Sho , Terada Masahiro
Published: November 2024

Phosphazene base, P2-tBu, promoted the telescopic three-component reaction of diethyl phosphite, cinnamonitrile derivatives, and N-Boc imines, providing β-aminophosphonates having a tetrasubstituted carbon in a highly diastereoselective manner.
Tetra-benzimidazoles flanking divinyl-phenothiazine: AIEgens as aza-Michael acceptors in concentration-tuned responses to biogenic amine vapors
Authors: Singh Sameer , Mandal Kalyaneswar , Chakravarty Manab
Published: November 2024

Tetra-benzimidazole rotors against a divinyl-phenothiazine stator are realized as red AIEgens and identified as efficient aza-Michael acceptors for the identification of crucial biogenic amine vapors.
Don’t forget the trans: double bond isomerism radical-acetylene growth reactions affect the primary stages of PAH and soot formation
Authors: Kelly Patricia D. , Turner Jack A. , Shiels Oisin J. , da Silva Gabriel , Blanksby Stephen J. , Poad Berwyck L. J. , Trevitt Adam J.
Published: November 2024

Acetylene addition to substituted trans-vinyl radicals lead to profound changes in product distributions in HACA reactions.
Mild chemical-activated hydrothermal porous carbon derived from durian peel biomass for an electrochemical supercapacitor
Authors: Wang Liujie , Ma Xueji , Ma Zhihua , Li Pengfa , Li Wenbo
Published: November 2024

The durian peels with ball/nanosheet structure presents good specific capacitance (267 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) in the three-electrode system. The Na2SO4-based symmetric supercapacitor shows the maximum energy density of 14.45 W h kg−1 at 225 W kg−1.
Gold nanoclusters Au25AcCys18 normalize intracellular ROS without increasing cytoplasmic alarmin acHMGB1 abundance in human microglia and neurons
Authors: Zhang Issan , Maysinger Dusica , Beus Maja , Mravak Antonija , Yu Ziqi , Perić Bakulić Martina , Dion Patrick A. , Rouleau Guy A. , Bonačić-Koutecký Vlasta , Antoine Rodolphe , Sanader Maršić Željka
Published: November 2024

The gold nanocluster Au25AcCys18 modulates human microglia and neuronal cells at the level of oxidative stress and protein–protein interactions (HMGB1 and TFEB). Complementary computational and biological methods reveal these interactions.
Total biosynthesis of cotylenin diterpene glycosides as 14-3-3 protein–protein interaction stabilizers
Authors: Guan Zhenhua , Yao Nanyu , Yuan Wenling , Li Fengli , Xiao Yang , Rehmutulla Mewlude , Xie Yuhan , Chen Chunmei , Zhu Hucheng , Zhou Yuan , Tong Qingyi , Xiang Zheng , Ye Ying , Zhang Yonghui
Published: November 2024

The cotylenin biosynthetic gene cluster was identified, and the total biosynthesis of several natural diterpene glycosides, including cotylenin C, F, I, and E, was achieved. Their stabilizing activity on 14-3-3 PPIs was demonstrated.
Basic principles and technologies for planted forests and nature-oriented forests in arid conditions
Authors: Manaenkov Alexander
Published: November 2024

Expanding the area of protective forests and forests in arid regions is an affordable and effective means of solving climate and food security in Russia. The purpose of this work is to systematize the achievements of science and practice in the field of forest land reclamation, aimed at increasing the effectiveness of work, productivity and functional durability of forest crops on sands and zonal soils of dry sub-humid and semi-arid regions. The main reason for the treelessness of arid plains, the concept of “forestability of land,” principles and criteria for its assessment, and patterns of geographic dynamics are discussed. Consistently presented afforestation methods, principles and techniques for creating and growing sustainable tree stands.
Adaptive ability comprehensive assessment of introducers in Koltsovsky Square (Voronezh)
Authors: Ryazantseva Olga , Tseplyev Alexey , Popova Valentina
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of research in assessing the results of the introduction of some species of introduced plants planted on the territory of Koltsovsky Square in Voronezh. The objects of research were woody plants grown in nurseries in Belgium and Germany, and in adulthood (8-12 years old) and transplanted into the conditions of a more severe climate of the Voronezh region. During the study, a comparative analysis of the natural and climatic conditions of the city of Voronezh and the location of the nurseries from which the objects of research were brought, the distribution of objects by groups of prospects was carried out and frost resistance zones. As part of a comprehensive assessment of the introduction results, calculations of the percentage of the average periodic increase of the studied objects, correlation and regression analysis were carried out in order to establish the relationship between the average periodic increase and other indicators. A cluster analysis was also carried out, which makes it possible to divide the studied population into groups of similar objects simultaneously according to several criteria. The data obtained were processed by the method of mathematical statistics using computer software MS Excel 2013 and Statistica 12.
Assessment of winter hardiness of common hazel (Corylus avellana L.) in Voronezh region depending on forest conditions
Authors: Nakonechnaya Tatiana , Slavskiy Vasily , Tsaralunga Anna , Poddubnaya Anastasia
Published: November 2024

Abiotic factors often do not allow to realize the productivity potential of nut-bearing plants, which entails a decrease in the efficiency of their cultivation. One of the key adaptive properties of common hazel in the Voronezh region is winter hardiness, but in some cases, its determination requires long-term observations. The aim of the study was to evaluate winter hardiness of common hazel depending on forest conditions in Voronezh region using express methods. It was found that frost resistance and frost hardiness have the lowest level of significance (F=5) in determining the general winter hardiness of hazel. The highest value of Fisher’s criterion was observed for resistance to early spring frosts (F=30) and sharp temperature changes in winter (F=25). Despite the danger of spring frosts limiting cultivation of hazel in Voronezh region, the most favorable TLU - C2D and D2, where the greatest winter hardiness of plants was noted. This allows recommending wide cultivation of common hazel in these forest conditions.
Teratomorphism of Pinus sylvestris L. pollen as the bioindicator of atmospheric air pollution of the Subarctic industrial city
Authors: Vasilevskaya Natalia , Osechinskaya Polina
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of the palynological analysis of
Pinus sylvestris L. pollen of the industrial city of Apatity, located above the Arctic Circle (Murmansk region, Russia). The city is in the impact zone of the Apatit mining and processing complex, which is one of the world’s leaders of producing of phosphate raw materials for mineral fertilizers. Four experimental sites were laid in the city of Apatity and its vicinity. At the end of June microstrobiles with mature pollen were collected and fixed in a 40% alcohol solution. The studies were carried out by light microscopy. As the result, 23 types of teratomorphic pollen were identified. The content of teratomorphic pollen in the samples is very high (80.4–90.4%). The pollen grains of normal, dwarf and giant sizes with various anomalies of sacci are most common. The formation of a large quantity of genetically abnormal forms of P. sylvestris pollen and the peculiarities of its teratology indicate high level of environmental pollution of the city of Apatity by toxic compounds. The pollen of P. sylvestris can be used as biomonitor for detecting of the phytotoxic and mutagenic effects of pollutants.
Numerical study of a model for subpicosecond collective dynamics in a lipid bilayer
Authors: Zakhvataev Vladimir
Published: November 2024

The generalized hydrodynamic model for the motions of hydrocarbon chains of lipid molecules in lipid bilayers on the picosecond time scale is studied numerically. The model considers the length scales up to the average distance between neighboring hydrocarbon chains of lipids. The dependence of the dynamics on the velocity of the initial spatially localized density perturbation is investigated. It is shown that changes in the velocity of a spatially localized perturbation in a lipid bilayer could lead to structurally different dynamical regimes. The results obtained may be relevant for the systems of nanoparticles associated with lipid membranes or biological membranes, and for lipid bilayer-based nanomaterials.
Investigation of the moisture conductivity of pine wood by trunk height
Authors: Kantieva Ekaterina , Snegireva Svetlana , Platonov Aleksey , Kiseleva Aleksandra
Published: November 2024

The hydrothermal treatment process is one of the most energy-intensive in wood processing technology, including dewatering and moistening of wood. The hydrothermal treatment process is one of the most energy-intensive in wood processing technology, including dewatering and moistening of wood. The hydrothermal treatment process is one of the most energy-intensive in wood processing technology, including dewatering and moistening of wood. The processes of dewatering or drying of wood are carried out in natural conditions, in drying or steaming chambers. Obtaining a high-quality dried material with minimal internal stresses is possible based on information about the value of the moisture current in the wood, expressed in terms of the moisture conductivity coefficient. The moisture content coefficient depends on the density and humidity of the wood, the direction of moisture flow, temperature, etc. As the temperature rises and the humidity of the wood decreases, the intensity of the moisture current also increases. With a decrease in the moisture content of wood, the value of the diffusion moisture current in it increases. The available information on the moisture content of wood does not take into account the variability of the density of wood in the height of the tree trunk and is presented for the butt part of the trunk. The determination of the moisture conductivity coefficient was established in the radial and tangential directions for sound pine wood, taking into account the height of the trunk by the method of stationary moisture current. Experimentally, an increase in the value of the moisture conductivity coefficient of the pine wood along the trunk height in the radial and tangential directions in the middle part of the trunk by 1.6 times, and in the upper part by 2.05 times compared with the lump. In pine wood, the current intensity in the radial direction is higher than in the tangential direction in wood from the butt part of the trunk by an average of 14.0%, from the middle part of the trunk by 5.0%, and from the apex by 16.0%, regardless of the ambient temperature. The obtained patterns on the variability of the moisture conductivity coefficient of pine wood along the trunk height show the expediency of carrying out preliminary sorting of wood before hydrothermal treatment, taking into account its location in the tree trunk. This will make it possible to optimize the processes of drying and drying of wood, to justify rational modes of chamber and atmospheric drying.
Decomposition method in the study load-loading forestry manipulator mechanism mathematical model
Authors: Uskov Vladimir , Raetskaya Elena , Popikova Alina
Published: November 2024

In this article a new hydrokinematic diagram of the boom lifting mechanism with an energy recuperation system in starting and braking modes is presented. The mathematical model of the lifting mechanism of a forest manipulator with a hydro-mechanical damper taking into account the rigidityof the metal structure of the boom and the hydraulic drive, described by a system of nonlinear differential equations of the second order, has been developed. In linearised formulation it is reduced to a second order differential equation with operator coefficients. The methods of operator theory and functional analysis are used to solve the problem. Reducing the dynamicloading and energy intensity of the working processes of the boom lifting mechanism of the forestry manipulator by justifying the parameters of the energy-saving damping device of the hydraulic drive allows increasing the reliability of the manipulator, reducing energy costs, as well as well as the downtime for repairs due to the failure of hydraulic equipment. The results obtained can be used in the design of recuperative systems for other lifting equipment in construction and agriculture.
Determining the productivity of modern forestry machines in various conditions
Authors: Svoikin F.V. , Rossikhin K.V. , Taraban M.V. , Kalyashov V.A. , Bozhbov V.E. , Borozna A.A. , Pomortseva A.E. , Kambarov A.A.
Published: November 2024

Real data on the production of the timber industry cluster of the Russian Federation in 2023-2024 are indicated, an overview of trends in the logging industry of the Russian Federation is given in the conditions of the new economic reality: digitalization, digitalization. import substitution, changes in sales markets for logging and wood processing products. Experimental data on the operation of a wheeled log picker based on the TROM snow and swamp-going equipment in the conditions of development of hard-to-reach logging sites according to the following options are presented: the Komi Republic and the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Yugra. The performance of the machine under various operating conditions was determined. Calculation diagrams of technological processes in which this technology can exist have been compiled and given.
Aspects of aluminum alloy utilization in vertical cylindrical tank construction
Authors: Shuvalov Alexander , Mitrofanov Dmitry , Doroshin Ivan , Kazaryan Ruben
Published: November 2024

Background: One of the most popular structures in the production and transportation of oil and petroleum products are vertical cylindrical tanks. Nowadays, the greatest demand is for tanks whose main structural material is steel. When working at low temperatures, the performance of steel deteriorates, ductility and toughness decrease, which leads to various emergency situations, while aluminum alloys are free of these disadvantages and their performance improves as the temperature decreases. Objective: First: determination of the economic effect when using aluminum alloy 1915T in the construction of vertical cylindrical tanks; second: determination of structural and technological advantages when using aluminum alloy 1915T over steel 09G2S. Methods: Methodology for calculation and design of vertical cylindrical tanks made of steel 09G2S and aluminum alloy 1915T. Results: The characteristics of aluminum alloy 1915T when used at low temperatures have been revealed. An algorithm for calculating and designing tanks using aluminum alloy 1915T and steel 09G2S as materials has been determined. A technology for constructing tanks from both materials has been developed, and labor intensity has been calculated. Conclusion: Calculation of labor intensity revealed that welded joints of aluminum structures differ in labor intensity from steel ones, while the overall labor intensity of constructing a tank made of aluminum alloy 1915T is lower.
Numerical study of axisymmetrical transsonic impact based on the SST turbulence model
Authors: Madaliev Erkin , Madaliev Murodil , Mirzaev Bakhodir , Tillaboyeva Farangiz , Mamatov Akmaljon , Ro’zaliyev Sherzodjon , Mamatova Zilolaxon
Published: November 2024

This study presents a comprehensive numerical simulation of the aerodynamic behavior of an axisymmetric model featuring a spherical convex radome at transonic Mach numbers, employing the Comsol Multiphysics software package for advanced computational analysis. The primary focus is on the shock wave dynamics that develop at the upper section of the spherical convex fairing, a critical aspect for understanding the aerodynamic performance and stability of aerospace vehicles. By simulating various conditions, the study seeks to capture the intricate interactions between the incoming airflow and the radome structure, which are crucial for optimizing design parameters. The numerical results obtained are rigorously compared with experimental data from the research conducted by Bachalo and Johnson, illustrating a close alignment that reinforces the accuracy and reliability of the numerical calculations. These simulations utilize the Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model, which is adept at handling complex flow features, further validating the significance of these findings for future aerospace applications.
Numerical study of the transition zone between laminar and turbulent flows for the flow plate problem
Authors: Madaliev Murodil , Abdujalilova Shairakhon , Tоjiyev Rasuljon , Sadulayev Xamidullo , Sulaymanov Abdurakhmon , Otakulov Bakhromjon , Tohirov Islomjon
Published: November 2024

In this study, we conducted a comprehensive numerical investigation of the transition region between laminar and turbulent flows in the context of flow around a flat plate. Utilizing advanced computational techniques, we employed both the standard SST (Shear Stress Transport) turbulence model and the transient SST turbulence model available in the COMSOL Multiphysics software package to accurately capture the nuances of flow behavior. By leveraging modern numerical methods, we were able to analyze the dynamics of the transition more effectively, providing a detailed and precise characterization of the flow’s transition characteristics. The findings from this research are significant as they enhance our understanding of the underlying physical processes that govern the transition zone. Additionally, these results hold potential implications for the development of innovative technologies within the fields of hydrodynamics and aerodynamics, where optimized flow behavior is critical for improving efficiency and performance in various applications. Overall, this study contributes valuable insights into the complex interactions that occur within transitional flow regimes.
Optical fiber as the basis for creating a liquid boiling alarm
Authors: Mambetsharipov Yusup , Tashmanov Erjan , Mambetsharipov Axmed , Zenevich Andrey , Novikov Yevgeniy , Jdanovich Sergey
Published: November 2024

Currently, a liquid boiling alarm is used to control the boiling point of a liquid in various technological processes. Most of these alarms are electrical devices and cannot be used in fire-hazardous areas and when controlling the boiling of flammable liquids, as well as using such alarms, telemetry measurements are quite difficult to implement. Therefore, this article considers the possibility of using optical fiber, widely used in fiber-optic communication lines, to create a liquid boiling alarm, which allows fire safety when controlling the boiling of flammable liquids and makes it possible to carry out remote monitoring. It is determined that when the boiling point of the liquid is reached, the reflection coefficient changes from the interface between the media – the core of the fiber and the liquid. As a result, the power of the optical signal reflected back into the fiber from the interface of such media increases. An increase in the power of the reflected signal to a certain value indicates that the boiling point of the liquid has been reached. It was found that when the boiling point was reached, an increase in the information parameter was observed, which is the difference between the attenuation value on the reflectometer scale at the maximum point for the peak of the single-mode telecommunication optical fiber reflectogram and the attenuation value on the reflectometer scale before the peak of this reflectogram. Therefore, such a parameter can be used to determine whether the boiling point of a liquid has been reached. Thus, the possibility of using optical fiber to create a liquid boiling alarm is shown.
Study of immobilization of bolaform ions on polymethacrylic acid
Authors: Urinova Zebo , Karimov Makhmud , Babaev Tuygun , Kambarov Asadjon , Rifky Mohamed , Abrolov Anvarjon
Published: November 2024

The study of the interactions of polyelectrolytes with organic ions, in particular bolaform ions, that is, having a mirror conformational chemical structural symmetry with respect to the centre of the molecule and exhibiting physiological activity, is particularly intriguing due to its potential for simulating biological processes and its implications for the development of novel polymer therapeutic systems. These systems possess unique features that distinguish them from low-molecular-weight medicines. Of the large assortment of polymers used for these purposes, the most convenient “substrate” is considered to be synthetic polyelectrolytes that are easily adjustable during production, possessing active functional groups for binding organic ions and the property of good solubility in water. The objects of research were an antibacterial agent, aethonium, and a drug, imidocarb, widely used in veterinary practice, which, when dissolved in water, forms complex bolaform cations and an industrially developed polymer, polymethacrylic acid. In order to develop a prolonged dosage form for veterinary medicine, the binding of these substances to a selected synthetic polymer was studied using physical and chemical methods. IR spectroscopy has proven the “soft” immobilization of the studied organic ions on polymethacrylic acid. Factors influencing the immobilization process have been established: the ratio of reagents, the nature of the solvent and temperature, and the thermodynamic parameters of the studied process.
Comparison of turbulent flow simulation results in 2d backward facing step channel using Ansys Fluent and Comsol Multiphysics programs
Authors: Madaliev Murodil , Abdujalilova Shairakhon , Abdulkhaev Zokhidjon , Usmonov Mavlonbek , Umirzakov Zuhriddin , Sattorov Abdusalom , Pulatov Kuvonchbek
Published: November 2024

This paper conducts a comprehensive comparison of numerical simulations of turbulent flow in a sharply expanding channel, utilizing the NASA TMR database as a benchmark. Using advanced computational tools, Ansys Fluent and Comsol Multiphysics 6.2, the study focuses on the hydrodynamic behavior of turbulent flows that are influenced by variations in channel geometry. The analysis emphasizes key flow parameters, including velocity profiles, pressure distribution, and turbulence characteristics, to assess the performance of each software package. By benchmarking the computational results against experimental data from the NASA TMR database, the study highlights the accuracy and efficiency of the methodologies employed. Furthermore, this comparison elucidates the advantages and limitations of Ansys Fluent and Comsol Multiphysics in addressing complex turbulent flow problems. Ultimately, this research seeks to enhance our understanding of turbulent flow dynamics and contribute valuable insights for future studies and applications in fluid mechanics.
Negative impact assessment on specially protected forest areas during placer gold mining operations
Authors: Gula Konstantin , Golubev Dmitry , Alexeenko Alexander , Kolobanov Konstantin , Kayumov Nikita
Published: November 2024

The work reviews the biological and ecological functions of forests in general and specially protected forest areas in particular, analyzed the impact of anthropogenic effect of placer gold mining on forest landscapes, and also present the results of studies of natural and artificial revegetation processes in disturbed areas of forest lands in the Republic of Buryatia and Khabarovsk Territory. Based on the data obtained, the study areas show low rates of overgrowing, especially in areas with steep slopes and hard bottoms formed by removing soil to rock. Reclamation activities, especially the technical stage, are of key importance in the issue of natural renewal and restoration of the protective functions of forests. Also, in order to preserve the main environment-forming functions of forests in the areas of alluvial gold mining, it is recommended to develop strict rules of nature management adapted to the processes occurring in various ecosystems, including minimizing the area of open territories intended for the operation of mines.
Regional features of forestry climate adaptation
Authors: Sinkevich Sergei
Published: November 2024

A set of measures designed to mitigate and prevent the possible climate change impacts on forestry in the Karelian boreal forest region is proposed based on the analysis of climate dynamics in the study area, the species and age structure of forests and their designated use. The carbon balance was estimated for the forestry fund of ten central forest administrate districts differing in the tree species composition, productivity, and major designated use. Age-related patterns of carbon accumulation in stands formed by major tree species are demonstrated. The article substantiates the importance of tailoring regional carbon balance planning to the specific features of the territory and of applying an integrated approach to the assessment of the ecological potential of forests.
Program system for climate risk assessment in forestry
Authors: Soroka Anastasia , Peresunko Evgeniya , Semyonova Ekaterina , Peresunko Pavel , Nedbaev Ivan
Published: November 2024

The paper presents the main aspects of the development and implementation of a system that allows predicting climate risks for forestry on the basis of retrospective and forecast data. The existing variants of software for determining the hazard level of climatic risks in forestry are considered. The methods of analyzing climatic data are described and an original algorithm for calculating the danger level of risks is proposed. Particular attention is paid to the practical application of the system: examples of its use to assess the risks of forest fires, forest pests and diseases, changes in productivity and species composition, as well as the death of forest plantations from extreme weather events are given. Recommendations derived from the interpretation of the program results can be used by executive authorities for forest planning purposes, in particular, for the development of adaptation measures.