bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bottlenose dolphin habitat and management factors related to activity and distance traveled in zoos and aquariums
Authors: Lauderdale Lisa K. , Shorter K. Alex , Zhang Ding , Gabaldon Joaquin , Mellen Jill D. , Walsh Michael T. , Granger Douglas A. , Miller Lance J.
Published: August 2021

High-resolution non-invasive cetacean tagging systems can be used to investigate the influence of habitat characteristics and management factors on behavior by quantifying activity levels and distance traveled by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatusandTursiops aduncus) in accredited zoos and aquariums. Movement Tags (MTags), a bio-logging device, were used to record a suite of kinematic and environmental information outside of formal training sessions as part of a larger study titled “Towards understanding the welfare of cetaceans in zoos and aquariums” (colloquially called the Cetacean Welfare Study). The purpose of the present study was to explore if and how habitat characteristics, environmental enrichment programs, and training programs were related to the distance traveled and energy expenditure of dolphins in accredited zoos and aquariums. Bottlenose dolphins in accredited zoos and aquariums wore MTags one day per week for two five-week data collection periods. Overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA), a proxy for energy expenditure, and average distance traveled per hour (ADT) of 60 dolphins in 31 habitats were examined in relation to demographic, habitat, and management factors. Participating facilities were accredited by the Alliance for Marine Mammal Parks and/or Aquariums and the Association of Zoos & Aquariums. Two factors were found to be related to ADT while six factors were associated with ODBA. The results showed that enrichment programs were strongly related to both ODBA and ADT. Scheduling predictable training session times was also positively associated with ADT. The findings suggested that habitat characteristics had a relatively weak association with ODBA and were not related to ADT. In combination, the results suggested that management practices were more strongly related to activity levels than habitat characteristics.
Associations of SARS-CoV-2 serum IgG with occupation and demographics of military personnel
Authors: Zell Joseph , Wisnewski Adam V. , Liu Jian , Klein Jon , Lucas Carolina , Slade Martin , Iwasaki Akiko , Redlich Carrie A.
Published: August 2021

Background

Countries across the globe have mobilized their armed forces in response to COVID-19, placing them at increased risk for viral exposure. Humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 among military personnel serve as biomarkers of infection and provide a basis for disease surveillance and recognition of work-related risk factors.

Methods

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to measure SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen-specific IgG in serum obtained from N = 988 US National Guard soldiers between April-June 2020. Occupational information, e.g. military operating specialty (MOS) codes, and demographic data were obtained via questionnaire. Plaque assays with live SARS-CoV-2 were used to assess serum neutralizing capacity for limited subjects (N = 12).

Results

The SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity rate among the study population was 10.3% and significantly associated with occupation and demographics. Odds ratios were highest for those working in MOS 2T-Transportation (3.6; 95% CI 0.7–18) and 92F-Fuel specialist/ground and aircraft (6.8; 95% CI 1.5–30), as well as black race (2.2; 95% CI 1.2–4.1), household size ≥6 (2.5; 95% CI 1.3–4.6) and known COVID-19 exposure (2.0; 95% CI 1.2–3.3). Seropositivity tracked along major interstate highways and clustered near the international airport and the New York City border. SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG+ serum exhibited low to moderate SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing capacity with IC50s ranging from 1:15 to 1:280. In limited follow-up testing SARS-CoV-2 serum IgG levels remained elevated up to 7 months.

Conclusions

The data highlight increased SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among National Guard vs. the local civilian population in association with transportation-related occupations and specific demographics.
Relationships between animal management and habitat characteristics with two potential indicators of welfare for bottlenose dolphins under professional care
Authors: Miller Lance J. , Lauderdale Lisa K. , Mellen Jill D. , Walsh Michael T. , Granger Douglas A.
Published: August 2021

Accredited zoos and aquariums continually strive to ensure high levels of animal welfare for the animals under their professional care. Best management practices include conducting research to better understand factors that lead to optimal welfare and then turning findings into practice. The current study is part of the larger Cetacean Welfare Study or more formally, “Towards understanding the welfare of cetaceans in zoos and aquariums.” Facilities participating in the study were accredited by the Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks and Aquariums and/or the Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Animal management factors and habitat characteristics were examined in relation to two potential indicators of welfare for common (Tursiops truncatus) and Indo-Pacific (Tursiops aduncus) bottlenose dolphins. Specifically, we examined environmental enrichment, animal training, and habitat characteristics that were significantly related to behavioral diversity and route tracing, a form of stereotypic behavior. Behavior was recorded from 47 animals at 25 facilities around the world. Overall, the rate of route tracing behavior observed during the study was very low and few animal management factors or habitat characteristics were found to be related to this behavior. One factor, enrichment diversity, had a significant positive relationship with route tracing and an inverse relationship with behavioral diversity. This finding may be a product of a response mounted by animal care specialists to the behavior as opposed to a cause. Animals that engaged in this behavior were likely provided more diverse enrichment in attempts to ameliorate the stereotypic behavior. However, multiple factors were found to significantly relate to behavioral diversity, a potential positive indicator of welfare for bottlenose dolphins. Dolphins that were trained on a predictable schedule had higher behavioral diversity than those on a semi-predictable schedule. There was a positive significant relationship between behavioral diversity and the number of habitats to which an animal had access, and a significant inverse relationship with the maximum depth of the habitat. Finally, animals that were split into groups and reunited or rotated between subgroups had higher behavioral diversity than animals managed in the same group. Information gained from the current study suggested that animal management techniques may be more important in ensuring good welfare for bottlenose dolphins than focusing on habitat size.
Environmental enrichment, training, and habitat characteristics of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus)
Authors: Lauderdale Lisa K. , Walsh Michael T. , Mellen Jill D. , Granger Douglas A. , Miller Lance J.
Published: August 2021

In recent decades, animal welfare science has evolved to utilize a multidisciplinary approach to assess the welfare of animals in accredited zoos and aquariums. Science-based animal welfare assessments have become an essential component of management programs and widespread application is expected by animal care professionals. Management practices for bottlenose dolphins in accredited facilities incorporate several programs that potentially impact animal welfare including environmental enrichment and animal training. Additionally, habitat characteristics, such as the dimensions of the habitat, have been proposed to affect welfare. While accredited facilities are required to meet high standards of care, habitat characteristics and management practices are not standardized across locations. Knowledge and subsequent application of these practices and habitat characteristics can enhance our understanding of factors associated with positive welfare. As part of a larger study of dolphin welfare titled “Towards understanding the welfare of cetaceans in zoos and aquariums” (colloquially called the Cetacean Welfare Study), survey data were collected from 86 bottlenose dolphins in 40 habitats at 38 facilities in seven countries. The major aims of this paper are to provide general descriptive information regarding dolphin management in accredited zoos and aquariums and to provide supplemental context to the other research published from the Cetacean Welfare Study data set. This paper provides a review of current habitat characteristics and management practices at those 38 accredited zoos and aquariums. These data enabled the identification and quantification of how cetacean management practices differed between participating facilities accredited by the Alliance for Marine Mammal Parks and Aquariums and the Association of Zoos & Aquariums. Variables were selected based on their potential association with welfare including the physical habitat, environmental enrichment, and training programs. The variables were also used for subsequent research in this collection of related papers to investigate important connections between potential indicators of welfare and habitat characteristics, environmental enrichment, and training programs.
Assessment of animal management and habitat characteristics associated with social behavior in bottlenose dolphins across zoological facilities
Authors: Miller Lance J. , Lauderdale Lisa K. , Mellen Jill D. , Walsh Michael T. , Granger Douglas A.
Published: August 2021

Bottlenose dolphins are a behaviorally complex, social species that display a variety of social behaviors. Because of this, it is important for zoological facilities to strive to ensure animals display species-appropriate levels of social behavior. The current study is part of the multi-institutional study entitled “Towards understanding the welfare of cetaceans in zoos and aquariums” commonly referred to as the Cetacean Welfare Study. All participating facilities were accredited by the Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks and Aquariums and/or the Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Behavioral data were collected on 47 bottlenose dolphins representing two subspecies,Tursiops truncatusandTursiops aduncus, at 25 facilities. The social behaviors of group related activity (group active) as well as interacting with conspecifics (interact with conspecific) were examined for their relationships to both animal management factors and habitat characteristics. The behavioral state ofgroup activeand the rate ofinteract with conspecificwere both positively related to the frequency of receiving new forms of environmental enrichment. Both were inversely related to the random scheduling of environmental enrichment. Additional results suggestedinteract with conspecificwas inversely related with daytime spatial experience and that males displayedgroup activemore than females. Overall, the results suggested that animal management techniques such as the type and timing of enrichment may be more important to enhance social behavior than habitat characteristics or the size of the habitat. Information gained from this study can help facilities with bottlenose dolphins manage their enrichment programs in relation to social behaviors.
China’s deserts greening and response to climate variability and human activities
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Xin Liangjie
Published: August 2021

Vegetation, which is a good indicator of the impacts of climate variability and human activities, can reflect desert ecosystem dynamics. To reveal the vegetation variations in China’s deserts, trends in the monthly, seasonal, and annual normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from 2000 to 2017 were measured both temporally and spatially by the Theil-Sen estimator and Mann-Kendall test. Additionally, correlation coefficients and residual analysis were employed to evaluate the correlations between the NDVI and climatic factors and to distinguish the impacts of climate variability and human activities. The results showed that China’s deserts underwent greening. The annual NDVI showed a significant increasing trend at a rate of 0.0018/yr, with values of 0.094 in 2000 and 0.126 in 2017. Significant increasing trends in NDVI were observed in all four seasons. The NDVI were higher in summer and autumn than in spring and winter. Both the monthly NDVI and its trends showed an inverted U-shaped curve during the year. Spatially, the greening trends were mainly distributed on the southern edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert, in the northwestern part of the Taklimakan Desert, and in the Kubuqi Desert. The correlations between the NDVI and climatic factors at the monthly and seasonal scales were stronger than those at the annual scale. Temperature and precipitation had positive effects on NDVI at the monthly and seasonal scales, but only precipitation had a positive effect at the annual scale. Human activities, especially oasis expansion and sand stabilization measures, were two major causes of large increasing areas of desert greening in China indicated by the NDVI.
Context-dependent behavioural plasticity compromises disruptive selection of sperm traits in squid
Authors: Hirohashi Noritaka , Sato Noriyosi , Iwata Yoko , Tomano Satoshi , Alam Md. Nur E. , Haselmann Apostólico Lígia , Eduardo Amoroso Rodriguez Marian José
Published: August 2021

Sperm morphology is generally uniform within a species due to selective pressures that act to achieve better fertilization outcomes under postcopulatory competitive circumstances. Therefore, polyandry that intensifies post-mating sperm competition should constrain intraspecific sperm polymorphism. Contrary to this paradigm, we previously found that a polyandrous squid, Heterololigo bleekeri, produces dimorphic eusperm (flagellum length dimorphism; FLD), which is closely associated with alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs); large males (consorts) transfer their spermatophores inside the female’s mantle cavity, while small males (sneakers) do so outside the mantle. Thus, FLD was considered as the consequence of different insemination strategies that arise from different modes of sperm competition, sperm storage and the fertilization environment. However, in other squid species showing ARTs, the choice of mating behaviour is rather conditional (i.e., switching mating tactic between consorts and sneakers), which poses the question of whether sperm FLD could have evolved. Here, we investigated five species in the family Loliginidae that exhibit ARTs and found that all species showed sneaker-biased FLD. However, in a species with conditional ARTs, we found FLD rather ambiguous and the testicular somatic index to be nearly continuous among individuals at transitional state, suggesting that plasticity in mating behaviour compromises the disruptive selection on a sperm morphological trait.
Three scale models for a photographic world: Benjamin, constellation, image and scale
Authors: Fisher Andrew
Published: August 2021

This article sets out to substantiate an understanding of the photographic image as a constellation of scaled relations, with a focus on the significance of historically neglected questions of scale in and for the present. It explores two recurrent themes in Walter Benjamin’s writings: his celebrated methodological-epistemological concept of constellation and his less often remarked fascination for relationships of scale, processes of scaling and the scale effects these produce. These are investigated in light of the mutable and composite character of the contemporary photographic image and its unprecedented scale as a mass form. Key phenomena and prevalent conceptions of photography are approached as already structured by intercalated facts, operations and experiences of scale, scaling and scalability. On this basis, a constellation of three historical essays that examine questions of scale in photography is constructed. The guiding aim of this construction is that such a constellation might stand as a pre-history of scale and its significance in and for photography today.
World without colour and its photographs and optical images
Authors: Tavakol Reza
Published: August 2021

Photographs and optical images, whatever their contents, are imprints of the electromagnetic waves in the (human) visible range of wavelengths, we refer to as light. Furthermore, they are designed to portray different parts of the visible light in terms of different colours, in analogy with the human eyes, however imperfectly. The world outside our eyes and cameras, however, is permeated by electromagnetic waves with much wider spectrum of wavelengths than those in the visible range. Importantly also, colour is a construct of our eye–brains: the Universe itself has no colour, independently of us. I ask how does the knowledge of these facts change the way we perceive the colour in optical images and photographs, whatever their relationship to the world in a representational sense may be? By employing three images, with very different origins and vistas – one a direct photograph, the other two synthetically constructed images using real cosmological observations – I demonstrate the extent to which colour in such images can hide the underlying phenomena of which they claim to visually speak, both due to its nature as a coarse-grained visual index, and by being restricted to the visible range. The aim is not to belittle the important role that our (restricted) vision together with our perception of colour have played in the evolution of our species, and still play in the way we relate to the world informationally, aesthetically and emotionally. But rather to show that recognizing the limitations of our vision and complementing it with the knowledge of the phenomena underlying optical images and photographs can allow us to perceive them anew and provide additional tools (both conceptual and visual) to imagine and envision such images outside the bounds of the visible range and colour.
The assassination of experience by photography
Authors: Rubinstein Daniel
Published: August 2021

This article suggests that when the engagement with photography is limited to questions of recognition and resemblance, such approach stifles our experience of the world and directs us towards monotonous homogeneity in which everything can be represented in a photograph, and a photograph is always a representation of something or other. And yet, a photograph has the potential to move our gaze beyond representation of events and situations in a way that allows us to penetrate the appearance of things and to sense their inner reality, rather than act as a mere illustration.
Theory of the Image, Thomas Nail (2019)
Authors: Levin Noa
Published: August 2021

Review of: Theory of the Image, Thomas Nail (2019)

New York: Oxford University, 432 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-19005-008-5, p/bk, £19.99
Photography from the Turin Shroud to the Turing Machine, Yanai Toister (2020)
Authors: Lechte John
Published: August 2021

Review of: Photography from the Turin Shroud to the Turing Machine, Yanai Toister (2020)

Bristol and Chicago, IL: Intellect, p/bk, 215 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-78938-156-6, p/bk, £37
Pre-service Music Teachers’ Understanding of Blended Learning: Implications for Teaching Post COVID-19
Authors:   Monash University, Jenkins Louise
Published: August 2021

The significant increase in online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic has created a heightened need for educators to implement teaching methods which do not rely solely on “face-to-face” learning within the same physical space. Blended Learning (BL) is one such approach, allowing for flexibility in the delivery of a class and constant access to unit materials. This paper reports on an investigation, by two Australian Pre-service Teacher (PST) educators, of their students’ understanding of BL at the beginning and end of a BL music method unit. Data were collected for three consecutive years with three separate cohorts. Findings indicated that the majority of the participants began the unit with little to no understanding of BL. This improved considerably through direct BL experience, with some exceptions. The implications for the development of flexible and responsive PST education in the current and post pandemic education environment are considered.
Acaricidal activity of nishinda (Vitex negundo) leaf and garlic (Allium sativum) bulb extract against red spider mite, Oligonychus coﬀeae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in tea plantations of Darjeeling hill, West Bengal, India
Authors: Banerjee Piu , Laha Arghya , Samaddar Indrani , Biswas Himaniv , Sarkar Debjani , Roy Sovan , Saha Goutam K. , Podder Sanjoy
Published: August 2021

The red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner) serves as a serious threat to the Darjeeling tea plantations affecting the quality of the leaves. Various plant extracts are currently being researched as an alternative to the chemical pesticides to control the red spider mites. In the present study, the leaves of Vitex negundo L. and the bulb of Allium sativum L. were analyzed for their acaricidal activity on the larval, nymphal and adult stages of the mite. Both the extracts were found to have potent activity against red spider mites and may prove to be potential acaricides in future.
Understanding the nature and dynamics of Mycobacterium ulcerans cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) – a bioinformatics approach
Authors: Sur Saubashya
Published: August 2021

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs or P450s) are catalytically versatile hemoproteins, associated with drug metabolism, substrate utilization and pathogenesis. Mycobacterium ulcerans is a human pathogen causing Buruli ulcer. The study intended to investigate frequency and diversity of CYPs from M. ulcerans strains, understand the pan-CYPome clustering patterns and interconnection of CYPs using bioinformatics tools. M. ulcerans strains demonstrated the presence of 261 CYPs categorized into 35 families and 38 subfamilies. CYP138, CYP140, CYP189 and CYP125 were the ﬂourishing families. Around, 20 CYP families and 20 subfamilies were conserved. Flourishing and conserved CYP families/subfamilies were associated with lipid metabolism, substrate utilization etc. CYP140 had a role in pathogenesis. CYP279 was the least dominant family. CYP135, CYP183, CYP190, CYP271 and CYP276 were diagnostic markers for M. ulcerans subsp. shinshuense strain ATCC 33728 and M. ulcerans strain P7741. The pan-CYPome specified that M. ulcerans is evolving by gaining CYPs. CYP centric clustering revealed diversity and resemblances among M. ulcerans strains. More diverse nature of the M. ulcerans strain Harvey could be attributed to its larger size and geographical location. Co-occurrence network demonstrated mutual associations amongst substantial number of CYP families/subfamilies. This work provided comprehensive understanding of previously unexplored CYPs from M. ulcerans.
The Fate of Officers-Relatives in the Military-Revolutionary Era of 1914-1922
Authors: Kanishchev V.V.
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the problem kinship ties of officers in the Imperial Russian Army on the eve of the First World War in the context of protectionism in army relations. The subsequent development of the fates of the participants in our sample during the Great War, the Revolution of 1917 and the Civil War is specially considered. The work is based on an electronic database dedicated to the officer corps of the Voronezh, Kursk and Tambov provinces in the period 1914-1922, compiled on the basis of a wide variety of sources of the military revolutionary period. The main task of the work was to identify the influence of kinship ties in the officer environment on the conditions of their service. The author comes to the conclusion that the circumstances of the period of wars and revolution influenced the break in kinship ties. During the First World War, many relative-officers continued to serve in different military units. We haven’t established unambiguous facts of joint service after 1917. The only thing was the fact that both brothers were in the Red Army. Two cases did the brother officers serve with the White Army. We haven’t met a single case that reflects the situation of the brothers' arrival on different sides of the “barricades”. We tried not to make broad generalizations based on dozens of fates. Nevertheless, this gives grounds for the assertion that the fate of the officers-relatives once again showed the crucial and tragic nature of the revolutionary time.
Formation of Hong Kong’s Administrative System in the 1840-1870s
Authors: Papashvili G.Z.
Published: August 2021

The article considers the process of Hong Kong’s administrative system formation after its placement under the administration of the British Empire in 1842. A brief description of the local Chinese and expatriate communities is given and the character of their interaction is identified. The transformations of Hong Kong’s administrative system at the various stages of its formation are analyzed and its qualitative characteristic is given. The significant language and other barriers to the establishing of interaction between colonial administration and the Chinese community and inefficiency of the administrative control pattern in the 1840-50s are identified. Inefficiency of this pattern is considered as a prerequisite for its development by establishing of the new scheme of civil servants’ selection with the aim of teaching them Chinese language and creation of the team of interpreters ready to communicate with the local Chinese. The abovementioned scheme turned out to be efficient and practically laid the foundation for creating Hong Kong’s administrative system. The author comes to the conclusion that the new scheme trained specialists made an important contribution to the development of Hong Kong, which from the periphery of the Qing Empire was transformed to the autonomous outpost of the British Empire.
Nos rastros da ecopolítica:
Authors: De Souza Thiago Silva
Published: August 2021

Neste estudo problematizo ditos extraídos de matérias do Jornal Agora sobre o movimento SOS Cassino, autodenominado apartidário e sem fins lucrativos. Utilizo a problematização foucaultiana e a noção de rede como atitudes teórico-metodológicas de produção e análise dos dados. Como resultados, estão: 1) a emergência de um consenso em torno de uma solução ecosustentável ao problema do acúmulo da lama na beira da praia do Cassino; 2) uma preocupação com as futuras gerações como prática discursiva que legitima e sustenta o consenso em torno de uma resposta “ecopreconizada”. Assim, concebo os achados provenientes do material jornalístico local como rastros potentes de uma ecopolítica em voga na contemporaneidade, presentes nas práticas discursivas e nos acontecimentos políticos em torno do movimento SOS Cassino, no extremo sul do Brasil.
A dança das mulheres e o artesanato Terena como referência para uma Educação Ambiental Decolonial
Authors: Nascimento Elisangela Castedo Maria do , Medeiros Heitor Queiroz de
Published: August 2021

Sipúterena é a dança das mulheres Terena. No passado, elas dançavam para dar boas-vindas aos guerreiros que chegavam da guerra. A dança das mulheres é carregada de significados, os costumes que antecedem a apresentação estão intimamente ligados à natureza. O objetivo neste artigo é mostrar o significado e a relação do artesanato e da dança Sipúterena com a natureza e como podem contribuir para a Educação Ambiental. Além das questões sociais, a dança nos proporcionou pensar e aprender mais sobre as questões ambientais e a utilização dos recursos. Suas práticas culturais e pedagógicas estão cheias de conceitos biológicos e ecológicos que podemos empregar na discussão de uma Educação Ambiental decolonial.
Índice de educação ambiental para avaliar as múltiplas dimensões socioambientais e de educação ambiental do Programa de Saneamento da Estrada Nova, Belém
Authors: Rios Naiara de Almeida , Cordeiro de Santana Antônio , Trindade de Almeida Oriana
Published: August 2021

O objetivo do artigo foi criar um índice para avaliar a influência da Educação Ambiental (EA), pelo Programa de Saneamento da Estrada Nova (PROMABEN), na vida dos moradores da Bacia Hidrográfica da Estrada Nova, em Belém, de 2006 a 2018. Os resultados foram obtidos, a partir da percepção da população local, por meio da aplicação de questionários semiestruturados. Para o processamento das informações, a Análise Fatorial Exploratória foi utilizada, gerando cinco fatores socioambientais, que explicaram a realidade da bacia e os efeitos da EA. A discussão foi quali-quantitativa, considerando a educação no processo de gestão ambiental. O Índice de Educação Ambiental revelou que o nível de desempenho da EA, pelo programa, foi “baixo” ou “muito baixo”, totalizando 68,47% de baixa significância e de eficiência na vida da população residente.
Psychiatric Disease Susceptibility and Pain in Chronic Pancreatitis: Association or Causation?
Authors: Faghih Mahya , Drewes Asbjørn M. , Singh Vikesh K.
Published: August 2021

Pain perception in chronic pancreatitis (CP) is governed by the transmission of nociceptive inputs into the pain processing centers of the brain. These regions of the brain overlap with those that regulate and process emotions and cognition. Disorders in these regions also result in psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The present study by Dunbar et al. evaluated 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with anxiety and/or posttraumatic stress disorder and found correlations with constant and severe pain phenotypes in CP patients from a large cross-sectional cohort study. Although causation cannot be proven, the findings suggest that there may be a role for neuromodulator drugs for the treatment of pain in CP based on individual genetic susceptibility.
Ensor networks – distributed information measuring and information control systems
Authors: Likhttsinder Boris Ya.
Published: August 2021

The problems of control and management of geographically distributed objects are considered. The sensor networks operating on the ZigBee technology are considered. The characteristics of the 802.15.4 ZigBee standard are given. The advantages of this technology are shown when building networks that are not very critical to traffic delays. The elements of such a network are considered. The primary converters used in such networks and their energy characteristics are considered. The issues of reducing and compensating delays in control circuits are considered.

It is shown that modern wireless sensor networks can be considered as distributed information measuring and information control systems.
The design of the electromagnetic aluminum mold of periodic action
Authors: Bazarov Alexander A. , Navasardyan Ashot A. , Bondareva Natalya V.
Published: August 2021

This publication discusses a set of issues on computer modeling of electromagnetic and thermal processes in an induction crystallizer of an aluminum melt, in which forces are created between the melt and the inductor coil, compressing the column of liquid material and preventing direct contact of the melt with the crucible walls. In known induction systems using electromagnetic pressure on molten metal, for crystallization, the parameters of the inductor are selected so that, with sufficient force, the temperature does not rise due to internal sources of heat release with sufficient water cooling of the surface. In the proposed work, heat removal mainly occurs through contact with a water-cooled support surface. The aim of the work is to determine the process parameters at which the required electromagnetic force is formed on the melt wall, taking into account the change in the current density at the interface between the solid and liquid phases of aluminum. When determining the parameters of induction crystallizers, the temperature dependences of the thermophysical properties were used. Variants of the inductor realization are investigated, which makes it possible to cover the entire volume of the melt, inside which significant changes in the electrical conductivity of aluminum and the power of internal heat sources are observed. Obtaining a cylindrical shape of the ingot, in contrast to the known electromagnetic crystallizers, is achieved by determining the design of the inductor, which provides a decrease in the repulsive electromagnetic force acting on the side surface of the melt in height. The results of the study showed the possibility of using the crystallizer at various ratios of the height and diameter of the melt column, and the intensity of cooling. The efficiency of the process for aluminum increases with an increase in the radius of the melt column, which also leads to a decrease in shape distortion in the region of the upper end.
Prática e estágio nas normativas brasileiras sobre formação docente: Sentidos em construção
Authors: Almeida de Freitas Luciana Maria , Escovedo Selles Sandra
Published: August 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma análise das normativas brasileiras sobre formação docente publicadas no atual século – Resoluções n.1/2002 e n. 2/2002 (MEC/CNE, 2002a, 2002b), Resolução n.2/2015 (MEC/CNE, 2015) e Resolução nº 2/2019, BNC-Formação (MEC/CNE, 2019b) – com foco nas presenças e nos sentidos das noções de “prática” e de “estágio” e na retomada, como objetos de memória (Amorim, 2009), das normativas federais brasileiras do século XX. Como fundamentação teórica, lança-se mão da Sociologia do discurso do Círculo de Bakhtin (Bakhtin, 2003, 2005, 2016; Volóchinov, 2017, 2019) e das reflexões sobre currículo, especialmente, no que diz respeito à formação docente (Andrade et al., 2004; Ayres & Selles, 2012; Tardif, 2000, 2002). Os resultados encontrados mostram o predomínio não apenas de uma disjunçãfo entre teoria e prática, mas também o silenciamento da docência e da escola nos documentos, embora haja alguns avanços pontuais, especialmente na Resolução n. 2/2015. A BNC-Formação, com seu caráter de um currículo nacional (Apple, 2014), demonstra uma tentativa de controle político da formação docente.
Bepreisung externer Kosten als Weg zu einer nachhaltigen Steuerreform
Authors: Roolfs Christina , Kalkuhl Matthias
Published: August 2021

Wenn wirtschaftliche Aktivitäten zu Kosten für unbeteiligte Dritte führen, spricht man von externen Kosten, die ein Marktversagen darstellen und zu ineffizienten Produktions- und Konsumentscheidungen führen. Lenkungssteuern ebnen den Weg zu einer nachhaltigen Steuerreform, indem sie Umwelt- und Gesundheitsschäden verringern und den wirtschaftlichen Wohlstand erhöhen.
Emissionshandel im Verkehrsund Haushaltssektor? Ja, aber richtig!
Authors: Lerch Achim , Rudolph Sven
Published: August 2021

Es sind spannende Zeiten für die Klimapolitik: Nach einem aufsehenerregenden Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichtes musste Deutschland sein gerade eingeführtes Klimaschutzgesetz bereits nachbessern. Welche Rolle spielt dabei die CO2-Bepreisung im Gebäude- und Verkehrssektor?
Utopisieren
Authors: Gebauer Jana , Thapa Philipp
Published: August 2021

Einführung in das Schwerpunktthema
The Contemporary Utopian Spectrum
Authors: Alberro Heather
Published: August 2021

“The real, the possible, and the political are all joined at the hip. It is precisely because other possibles have been turned into ‘impossibles’ that we find it so difficult to imagine otherrealities.” Arturo Escobar (2020, 3)
Kollaboratives Utopisieren für ein klimaneutrales 2030
Authors: Pettibone Lisa , Harris Dylan
Published: August 2021

Die Wissenschaft ist eindeutig – der Klimawandel ist real und bringt rapide Veränderungen, die so gefährlich wie unvorhersehbar und deren Folgen ungleich verteilt sind. Auf dem lebensfreundlichen 1,5-Grad-Pfad sind wir lange nicht. Was bringt es da, uns eine klimaneutrale Zukunft 2030 vorzustellen?
Fünf große Fragen für eine erfolgreiche Reduktion des Energieverbrauchs
Authors: Weyland Matthias
Published: August 2021

Die Steigerung der Energieeffizienz und dadurch realisierte Einsparung bleiben seit Langem hinter den Erwartungen zurück. Woran liegt das? Wie können Politikinstrumente zu einer Kurswende in diesem Feld beitragen?
YAŞAM SEYRİ PERSPEKTİFİ VE YAŞLILIK
Authors: AKIŞ Aslı Gözde , KORKMAZ YAYLAGÜL Nilüfer
Published: August 2021

Toplumsal yaşlanma, modern çağda karşılaşılan en önemli olgulardan birisidir. Yaşlanma, insanın biyolojik ömrünü temel almasıyla devam eden bir süreci anlatmaktadır. Yaşam seyri perspektifi, insan yaşamını kesitsel ve çizgisel değil çok yönlü, çok boyutlu ve devam eden bir süreç olarak ele alan bir yaklaşım olarak yaşlılık araştırmalarında kendisine önemli bir yer bulmaktadır. Bu araştırmada Türkçe literatürde çok az çalışma bulunan ancak Batılı literatürde yaygın olarak kullanılan yaşam seyri perspektifinin temel kavramlarının, prensiplerinin ve yaşlılık araştırmalarındaki yerinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda klasik literatür incelemesi yöntemi ile bu konudaki temel eserler ve araştırma örnekleri incelenmiş, araştırma soruları çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. Buna göre yaşam seyri perspektifi, yaşam boyu gelişim, öznellik, zamanlama, bağlantılı yaşamlar, zaman-mekan olmak üzere beş temel prensibe ve kohortlar, geçişler, yörüngeler ve dönüm noktaları kavramlarından oluşan kavramsal çerçeveye dayanmaktadır. Yaşam seyri araştırmalarında boylamsal araştırma modelleri ve veri toplama tekniklerinin yanı sıra biyografik, kesitsel araştırma modelleri ve retrospektif teknikler de kullanılmaktadır.
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN PERSPEKTİFİNDEN SANAL KAYTARMA KAVRAMI
Authors: DEMİRBİLEK Nesip , ATİLA Fulya
Published: August 2021

Araştırmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin sanal kaytarma kavramını nasıl kavramsallaştırdıklarını ve algıladıklarını metaforlar aracılığı ile belirlemektir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomonolojik desen, çalışma grubunun seçilmesinde ise kolay örnekleme (easily accessible) tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılında Muş Alparslan Üniversitesinde öğrenim gören toplam 372 öğrenci yer almıştır. Üniversite öğrencilerine metafor cümlesi online olarak gönderilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde “içerik analizi” tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, üniversite öğrencilerinin ürettiği metaforlar ile oluşturulan temalar frekans bakımından; “zarar veren bir şey olarak sanal kaytarma”, “kaçış yolu olarak sanal kaytarma”, “bağımlılık yaratan şey olarak sanal kaytarma”, “eğlenceli ve rahatlatıcı bir şey olarak sanal kaytarma”, “yarar sağlayan bir şey olarak sanal kaytarma”, “faydasız bir şey olarak sanal kaytarma” ve “dikkatli yapılması gereken bir şey olarak sanal kaytarma” olmak üzere 7 tema altında toplandığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre üniversite öğrencilerinin sanal kaytarmaya ilişkin algılarının genel olarak olumsuz, zararlarına yönelik farkındalıklarının yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.
HANNAH COWLEY’S THE BELLE’S STRATAGEM: THE RELATIONSHIP OF WOMAN TO MAN AND MARRIAGE
Authors: KURUDUCU Zeliha
Published: August 2021

Hannah Cowley’s play The Belle's Stratagem appeared on stage in 1819. The play focuses on the political standpoint of a young attractive English woman, Letitia Hardy. She imagines an arranged marriage with a man from her childhood. The story is structured around the events that happen between Letitia and her future partner, Doricout. Doricourt is a young, handsome, and wealthy man who loves traveling and having much fun. Upon meeting with Letitia, Doricourt is not interested in her even she is a beautiful and rich woman. However, Letitia does not give up and plans to make Doricourt fall in love with her. With her intelligent, courageous, independent nature, Letitia is a very distinctive character when a woman does not discover such virtues. Thus, this study explores Cowley’s play as an example of feminist writing in the era. Hannah Cowley is regarded as an early feminist writer who contributes to the rise of women’s liberation and right in a male-dominated society. Therefore, this paper analyzes the woman and its early history and their relations to patriarchy, male domain, and marriage institution.
STUART HALL PERSPEKTİFİNDEN TEMSİL VE ÖTEKİ KAVRAMI: “MY NAME IS KHAN” VE “CRASH” FİLMLERİ BAĞLAMINDA DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: CENGİZ Gönül , AYAZ Yusuf , BEDİROĞLU Aydın
Published: August 2021

Sinema ilk günden beri toplumlar üzerindeki etkileyici gücü ile iktidar tarafından toplumları manipüle etmekte sıkça başvurulan sanat dalı olmuştur. Manipüle sonucunda toplumlar, kültürel bağlamda dönüşüm yaşamış ve medya üzerinden iktidarların yarattığı temsilleri ve ötekileri gündelik hayatın içerisine dahil ederek kültürel kod haline getirmişlerdir. Stuart Hall’ın güçlü olanın hegemonyasına karşı çıkan kültürel çalışmaları kapsamındaki temsil ve öteki kavramıyla reddettiği algının, sinema filmlerinde nasıl ifade edildiği örneklerle ifade edilmiştir. Temsil ve öteki kavramları, çalışmanın örneklemleri olarak seçilen My Name Is Khan ve Crash filmleri bağlamında değerlendirilmiş, ABD’nin yarattığı temsil ve öteki algısı analiz edilmiştir. Crash filmiyle ABD’nin, ten rengi, cinsiyet, kültür, inanç ve ekonomik sınıf gibi çoklu bir öteki algısı yarattığı gözlemlenmiştir. Toplum içerisinde “öteki” yaratarak elit kesimin iktidarını garanti altına aldığı sonucuna varılmıştır. My Name Is Khan filmiyle de 11 Eylül sonrasında yaratılan “her Müslüman potansiyel bir teröristtir” algısını oluşturanlara ve savunanlara karşı gerçek bir Müslüman kimliği temsilinin yapıldığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Hegemonyanın yarattığı algının iki film örneğiyle sinemasal anlatıda temsil ve öteki kavramının kullanılmasıyla kırıldığı sonucu gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklemleri bağlamında kuramsal çerçeveyi oluşturan temsil ve öteki kavramları, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden metin analizi yöntemi ile çözümlenmiştir.
ROMA III. YÜZYIL KRİZİNDE İMPARATOR SENATUS İLİŞKİLERİ
Authors: ÖZMAN Recep , DOĞAN Ezgigül
Published: August 2021

M.S. 235 yılında imparator Severus Alexander’ın (222-235) suikastını izleyen yaklaşık elli yıllık dönemde Roma İmparatorluğu’nun her alanında yaşanan kriz siyasi kurumlarının gerilemesine de yol açmıştır. İmparatorların sürekli askeri darbelerle iktidara geldikleri kriz döneminde tahttan indirilmeleri de askeri darbelerle olmuştur. Bu askeri darbelere rağmen güç ve yetkiyi elinde toplayan imparatorun gücü ve etkisi sürekli olarak artarken, Roma’nın Cumhuriyet döneminden beri önemli kurumu olan senatus ise sürekli olarak bir güç kaybı yaşamıştır. Üçüncü yüzyıl boyunca imparatorların senatus’un ve senatörlerin gücünü ortadan kaldırmaya çalıştıkları ve bu çabanın Diocletianus’un (284-305) iktidar döneminde doruğa ulaştığı görülmektedir.
UNIVERSITIES IN EUROPE TAKEN AS A MODEL FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE TURKISH HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLICAN ERA AND THEIR HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS
Authors: AYDEMİR Sefa Salih
Published: August 2021

From the Seljuk Empire and until the Turkish Republic, the Turkish higher education system was based on the madrasa tradition. In the late period of the Ottoman Empire, along with madrasa, which was the classic educational institution, besides military schools giving education in western style, opening civil educational institutions, similar to the university in Europe, started. The first schools opened were in the French model first, similar to the country and its cultural institutions, which the state sympathized with in the foreign policy, and the universities opened in the late periods until the end of the Second World War were tried to be built similar to the German Higher Education system. After the war, on the other hand, university institutions according to the Anglo-Saxon model started to be opened, too. While the institution of the university that developed in time through different models of different countries form with the historical processes and cultural texture of the country it is in, this institution was created by taking the models of the western state that is effective on Turkey as an example within the westernization activities rather than our sociological internal structure. In this study, the higher education systems in Europe that are taken as examples while creating our modern Turkish higher education system and their developments in history will be discussed.
The Effectiveness of Intraoperative Ketamine and Fentanyl as Preemptive Analgesia Assessed with qNOX Score
Authors: Gumelar Wilesing , Hamzah Hamzah , Sumartono Christijogo
Published: August 2021

Background: Inadequate management of intraoperative pain poses a risk of postoperative chronic pain complications. The use of preemptive analgesia before the onset of surgical incision stimulation was considered to prevent central sensitization. Clinical research around the terms of preemptive analgesia needs to be proven by nociception-based intraoperative monitoring. An objective modality with EEG guidance can provide information on noxious stimuli.Objective: To determine the effectiveness of ketamine and fentanyl administration as preemptive analgesia measured by qNOX scores through the CONOX tool.Methods: This study is a single-blinded randomized experiment with the division of two groups: control and treatment. The control group received preemptive fentanyl, and the treatment group received preemptive ketamine and fentanyl. Then the qNOX score was assessed during operation.Result: The qNOX score of the treatment group in minute-15 and 30 was lower than the control group (p = 0.007; p = 0.025), while in the minute-90 it was higher than the control group (p = 0.001). The mean first 1-hour qNOX score was lower in the treatment group (p <0.001), while in the second 1-hour was higher in the treatment group (p = 0.003). The mean total dose of fentanyl supplementation in the treatment group was lower than in the control group (71.3 ± 25.1 grams vs. 92.0 ± 28.3 grams; p = 0.044).Conclusion: The administration of combined ketamine and fentanyl as preemptive analgesia is more effective in the first hour of surgery compared to single preemptive fentanyl measured by qNOX score. Preemptive ketamine and fentanyl decrease the total dose of intraoperative fentanyl supplementation compared with single-dose preemptive fentanyl administration.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polymeric Surfactant from Palm Oil Methyl Ester and Vinyl Acetate for Chemical Flooding
Authors: Wibowo Agam Duma Kalista , Tiani Pina , Aditya Lisa , Handayani Aniek Sri , Christwardana Marcelinus
Published: August 2021

Surfactants for enhanced oil recovery are generally made from non-renewable petroleum sulfonates and their prices are relatively expensive, so it is necessary to synthesis the bio-based surfactants that are renewable and ecofriendly. The surfactant solution can reduce the interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and water while vinyl acetate monomer has an ability to increase the viscosity as a mobility control. Therefore, polymeric surfactant has both combination properties in reducing the oil/water IFT and increasing the viscosity of the aqueous solution simultaneously. Based on the study, the Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) of Polymeric Surfactant was at 0.5% concentration with an IFT of 7.72x10-2 mN/m. The best mole ratio of methyl ester sulfonate to vinyl acetate for polymeric surfactant synthesis was 1:0.5 with an IFT of 6.7x10-3 mN/m. Characterization of the product using FTIR and HNMR has proven the creation of polymeric surfactant. Based on the wettability alteration study, it confirmed that the product has an ability to alter from the initial oil-wet to water-wet quartz surface. In conclusion, the polymeric surfactant has ultralow IFT and could be an alternative surfactant for chemical flooding because the IFT value met with the required standard for chemical flooding ranges from 10-2 to 10-3 mN/m.Keywords: Enhanced Oil recovery, Interfacial Tension, Methyl Ester Sulfonate, Polymeric surfactant, vinyl acetate