bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid Response of Daphnia magna Motor Behavior to Mercury Chloride Toxicity Based on Target Tracking
Authors: Qin Feihu , Zhao Nanjing , Yin Gaofang , Wang Tao , Jv Xinyue , Han Shoulu , An Lisha
Published: August 2024

A rapid and timely response to the impacts of mercury chloride, which is indispensable to the chemical industry, on aquatic organisms is of great significance. Here, we investigated whether the YOLOX (improvements to the YOLO series, forming a new high-performance detector) observation system can be used for the rapid detection of the response of Daphnia magna targets to mercury chloride stress. Thus, we used this system for the real-time tracking and observation of the multidimensional motional behavior of D. magna. The results obtained showed that the average velocity (v¯), average acceleration (a¯), and cumulative travel (L) values of D. magna exposed to mercury chloride stress changed significantly under different exposure times and concentrations. Further, we observed that v¯, a¯ and L values of D. magna could be used as indexes of toxicity response. Analysis also showed evident D. magna inhibition at exposure concentrations of 0.08 and 0.02 mg/L after exposure for 10 and 25 min, respectively. However, under 0.06 and 0.04 mg/L toxic stress, v¯ and L showed faster toxic response than a¯, and overall, v¯ was identified as the most sensitive index for the rapid detection of D. magna response to toxicity stress. Therefore, we provide a strategy for tracking the motile behavior of D. magna in response to toxic stress and lay the foundations for the comprehensive screening of toxicity in water based on motile behavior.
Cerebral Vascular Toxicity after Developmental Exposure to Arsenic (As) and Lead (Pb) Mixtures
Authors: Kiper Keturah , Mild Breeann , Chen Jenny , Yuan Chongli , Wells Ellen M. , Zheng Wei , Freeman Jennifer L.
Published: August 2024

Arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) are environmental pollutants found in common sites linked to similar adverse health effects. This study determined driving factors of neurotoxicity on the developing cerebral vasculature with As and Pb mixture exposures. Cerebral vascular toxicity was evaluated at mixture concentrations of As and Pb representing human exposures levels (10 or 100 parts per billion; ppb; µg/L) in developing zebrafish by assessing behavior, morphology, and gene expression. In the visual motor response assay, hyperactivity was observed in all three outcomes in dark phases in larvae with exposure (1–120 h post fertilization, hpf) to 10 ppb As, 10 ppb Pb, or 10 ppb mix treatment. Time spent moving exhibited hyperactivity in dark phases for 100 ppb As and 100 ppb mix treatment groups only. A decreased brain length and ratio of brain length to total length in the 10 ppb mix group was measured with no alterations in other treatment groups or other endpoints (i.e., total larval length, head length, or head width). Alternatively, measurements of cerebral vasculature in the midbrain and cerebellum uncovered decreased total vascularization at 72 hpf in all treatment groups in the mesencephalon and in all treatment groups, except the 100 ppb Pb and 10 ppb As groups, in the cerebellum. In addition, decreased sprouting and branching occurred in the mesencephalon, while only decreased branching was measured in the cerebellum. The 10 ppb Pb group showed several cerebral vasculature modifications that were aligned with a specific gene expression alteration pattern different from other treatment groups. Additionally, the 100 ppb As group drove gene alterations, along with several other endpoints, for changes observed in the 100 ppb mix treatment group. Perturbations assessed in this study displayed non-linear concentration-responses, which are important to consider in environmental health outcomes for As and Pb neurotoxicity.
Bisphenol A Disrupts Ribosome Function during Ovarian Development of Mice
Authors: Ma Xin , Wang Yongjie , Li Weiqi , Wang Kaiyue , Zhang Shilei
Published: August 2024

This study examines the impact of Bisphenol A (BPA), a prevalent environmental estrogenic toxicant, on the ovarian development of mice. Mice were exposed to varying BPA doses from in utero to postnatal stages, up to weaning (day 21, PND 21) and puberty (day 45, PND 45). The BPA content in the serum of the offspring mice on PND 45 was higher than that of the mice sacrificed at PND 21. However, the ovary organ index of the mice of PND 21 was significantly increased, and the ovarian structure was damaged when exposed to BPA. In contrast, the mice with PND 45 did not show apparent ovarian lesions. On the other hand, granulosa cell apoptosis was detected in both PND 21 and PND 45 mice ovaries, and ERβ was increased under the influence of BPA. Transcriptomic analysis revealed BPA’s significant impact on ribosomal gene expression, marked downregulation of Rpl21 and Rpsa, and upregulation of Rps2 in both age groups. These transcriptomic alterations were further corroborated by real-time PCR, highlighting a dose-dependent effect of BPA on Rps2. Our findings confirm BPA’s detrimental effects on ovarian health, with more pronounced damage in younger mice, suggesting heightened vulnerability in this group. The study underscores ribosomes as critical targets in BPA-induced ovarian developmental disruptions.
A Rationally Designed H5 Hemagglutinin Subunit Vaccine Provides Broad-Spectrum Protection against Various H5Nx Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Chickens
Authors: Zhang Xuxiao , Zhang Fushou , Chen Ning , Cui Xiaoping , Guo Xiaoqin , Sun Zhi , Guo Pengju , Liao Ming , Li Xin
Published: August 2024

The evolution of the H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses has led to the emergence of distinct groups with genetically similar clusters of hemagglutinin (HA) sequences. In this study, a consensus H5 HA sequence was cloned into the baculovirus expression system. The HA protein was expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells and utilized as the antigen for the production of an oil emulsion-based H5 avian influenza vaccine (rBacH5Con5Mut). Twenty-one-day-old SPF chickens were immunized with this vaccine and then challenged at 21 days post-vaccination with clade 2.3.2.1, clade 2.3.4.4, and clade 7.2 of H5 HPAI viruses. The sera of vaccinated chickens exhibited high hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers against the rBacH5 vaccine antigen, while lower HI titers were observed against the different challenge virus H5 hemagglutinins. Furthermore, the rBacH5Con5Mut vaccine provided 100% protection from mortality and clinical signs. Virus isolation results showed that oropharyngeal and cloacal shedding was prevented in 100% of the vaccinated chickens when challenged with clade 2.3.2.1 and clade 2.3.4.4 H5 viruses. When the rBacH5Con5Mut vaccine candidate was administrated at one day of age, 100% protection was demonstrated against the challenge of clade 2.3.4.4 virus at three weeks of age, indicating the potential of this vaccine for hatchery vaccination. Overall, A single immunization of rBacH5Con5Mut vaccine candidate with a consensus HA antigen can protect chickens against different clades of H5 HPAI viruses throughout the rearing period of broiler chickens without a boost, thus fulfilling the criteria for an efficacious broad-spectrum H5 avian influenza vaccine.
Measles Population Immunity Profiles: Updated Methods and Tools
Authors: Li Xi , Goodson James L. , Perry Robert T.
Published: August 2024

Measles is a highly contagious disease and remains a major cause of child mortality worldwide. While measles vaccine is highly effective, high levels of population immunity are needed to prevent outbreaks. Simple but accurate tools are needed to estimate the profile of population measles immunity by age to identify and fill immunity gaps caused by low levels of vaccination coverage. The measles immunity profile estimates and visualizes the percentage of each birth cohort immune or susceptible to measles based on measles vaccination coverage. Several tools that employed this approach have been developed in the past, including informal unpublished versions. However, these tools used varying assumptions and produced inconsistent results. We updated the measles population immunity profile methodology to standardize and better document the assumptions and methods; provide timely estimates of measles population immunity; and facilitate prompt actions to close immunity gaps and prevent outbreaks. We recommend assuming that the second dose of the measles-containing vaccine (MCV2) and doses given during supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) first reach children who have been previously vaccinated against measles, so that previously unvaccinated children are reached only when the coverage of MCV2 or SIA is higher than the coverage achieved by all previous measles vaccination opportunities. This updated method provides a conservative estimate of immunization program impact to assess measles outbreak risk and to facilitate early planning of timely preventive SIAs to close population immunity gaps.
Global Status Report for the Verification of Measles and Rubella Elimination, 2022
Authors: O’Connor Patrick , Masresha Balcha , Pastor Desirée , Musa Nasrin , Hagan José , Khanal Sudhir , Lee Chung-Won , Crowcroft Natasha
Published: August 2024

Since the World Health Assembly (WHA) in 2012 endorsed the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), which included regional measles and rubella elimination goals by 2020, global progress towards verification of measles and rubella elimination has been incremental. Even though the 2020 elimination goals were not achieved, commitment towards achieving measles and rubella elimination has been firmly established in the Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030) and the Measles and Rubella Strategic Framework (MRSF) 2021–2030. In 2023, the six Regional Verification Commissions for measles and rubella elimination (RVCs) reviewed data as of 31 December 2022 and confirmed that 82 (42%) Member States have been verified for measles elimination, and 98 (51%) Member States have been verified for rubella elimination. The six RVCs are composed of independent public health and immunization experts who are well-placed to support accelerating measles and rubella elimination. RVCs should be leveraged not only to review elimination documents but also to advocate for and champion public health programming that supports measles and rubella activities. The verification of elimination process is one of many tools that should be deployed to reinforce and accelerate efforts towards achieving a world free of measles and rubella.
Let-7f-5p Modulates Lipid Metabolism by Targeting Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 2 in Response to PRRSV Infection
Authors: Jiang Dongfeng , Yang Liyu , Meng Xiangge , Xu Qiuliang , Zhou Xiang , Liu Bang
Published: August 2024

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has caused substantial damage to the pig industry. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were found to play crucial roles in modulating the pathogenesis of PRRS virus (PRRSV). In the present study, we revealed that PRRSV induced let-7f-5p to influence lipid metabolism to regulate PRRSV pathogenesis. A transcriptome analysis of PRRSV-infected PK15CD163 cells transfected with let-7f-5p mimics or negative control (NC) generated 1718 differentially expressed genes, which were primarily associated with lipid metabolism processes. Furthermore, the master regulator of lipogenesis SREBP2 was found to be directly targeted by let-7f-5p using a dual-luciferase reporter system and Western blotting. The findings demonstrate that let-7f-5p modulates lipogenesis by targeting SREBP2, providing novel insights into miRNA-mediated PRRSV pathogenesis and offering a potential antiviral therapeutic target.
Spatial Mapping and Prediction of Groundwater Quality Using Ensemble Learning Models and SHapley Additive exPlanations with Spatial Uncertainty Analysis
Authors: Yang Shilong , Luo Danyuan , Tan Jiayao , Li Shuyi , Song Xiaoqing , Xiong Ruihan , Wang Jinghan , Ma Chuanming , Xiong Hanxiang
Published: August 2024

The spatial mapping and prediction of groundwater quality (GWQ) is important for sustainable groundwater management, but several research gaps remain unexplored, including the inaccuracy of spatial interpolation, limited consideration of the geological environment and human activity effects, limitation to specific pollutants, and unsystematic indicator selection. This study utilized the entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI), the LightGBM model, the pressure-state-response (PSR) framework and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis to address the above research gaps. The normalized importance (NI) shows that NO3− (0.208), Mg2+ (0.143), SO42− (0.110), Cr6+ (0.109) and Na+ (0.095) should be prioritized as parameters for remediation, and the skewness EWQI distribution indicates that although most sampled locations have acceptable GWQ, a few areas suffer from severely poor GWQ. The PSR framework identifies 13 indicators from geological environments and human activities for the SMP of GWQ. Despite high AUROCs (0.9074, 0.8981, 0.8885, 0.9043) across four random training and testing sets, it was surprising that significant spatial uncertainty was observed, with Pearson correlation coefficients (PCCs) from 0.5365 to 0.8066. We addressed this issue by using the spatial-grid average probabilities of four maps. Additionally, population and nighttime light are key indicators, while net recharge, land use and cover (LULC), and the degree of urbanization have the lowest importance. SHAP analysis highlights both positive and negative impacts of human activities on GWQ, identifying point-source pollution as the main cause of the poor GWQ in the study area. Due to the limited research on this field, future studies should focus on six key aspects: multi-method GWQ assessment, quantitative relationships between indicators and GWQ, comparisons of various spatial mapping and prediction models, the application of the PSR framework for indicator selection, the development of methods to reduce spatial uncertainty, and the use of explainable machine learning techniques in groundwater management.
Modelling High Resolution Agricultural Nitrogen Budgets: A Case Study for Germany
Authors: Zinnbauer Maximilian , Brandes Elke , Eysholdt Max , Henseler Martin , Löw Philipp
Published: August 2024

Water pollution with nitrogen (N) from agriculture constitutes a persisting environmental problem in intensive farming regions worldwide. Understanding the spatio-temporal interconnection between agricultural N emissions and N inputs to water bodies is key to evaluating and improving existing mitigation policies. Nitrogen flux models are an indispensable tool for addressing these complex research questions in the land use–water nexus, requiring adequate data on agricultural N surpluses. However, high-resolution farm management data are not readily available to the scientific community. We develop a municipality-level agricultural N budget model for Germany based on farm-level administration data from the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS) and regional expert knowledge. We estimate a total agricultural N surplus of 58 kg N ha−1 of utilised agricultural area as the three-year average for 2014–2016. About 90% of municipalities exhibit N surpluses between 21 and 99 kg N ha−1. Evaluation with collected farm accountancy data revealed a good fit of the modelled (with observed) mineral N quantities applied. Our results highlight the potential of farm-level data for N flux models. Due to the ubiquitous reporting of land use and farming structures in the IACS, our approach can be adapted in other countries of the EU to serve as a harmonised backbone of monitoring and policy impact assessments.
Study on Leakage Assessment and Stability Analysis of Water Level Changes in Tunnels near Reservoirs
Authors: Liu Yu , Wang Zhixuan , Liu Xiao , Han Jianyong
Published: August 2024

The geological and hydrological conditions of tunnels near reservoirs are complex, and the impact of water level changes on the stability and leakage assessment of the lining structure is not considered in the current leakage evaluation. In order to construct an evaluation model for leakage level of tunnels near reservoirs, the influences of water level changes on tunnel stability and changes in environmental conditions on the leakage of tunnels were researched. Based on the AHP and extensibility theory, a hierarchical system for leakage assessment was created, incorporating values from nine indexes representing three aspects: geological conditions, hydrological conditions, and tunnel engineering. Numerical simulation was used to analyze the influence of water level changes. It was found that the water level change index greatly influences the displacement and stress distribution inside the tunnel structure. The leakage evaluation model was applied to the Tiebeishan Tunnel, resulting in a rating of 3, indicating medium-level leakage. Attention should be paid to water leakage in tunnels with changes in reservoir water levels. The leakage evaluation model for tunnels near reservoirs can effectively assess leakage levels under various conditions, providing a reference for safety assessments of tunnel leakage near reservoirs.
Model-Based Analysis of the Oxygen Budget in the Black Sea Water Column
Authors: Novikov Matvey , Pakhomova Svetlana , Berezina Anfisa , Yakushev Evgeniy
Published: August 2024

Climate change and anthropogenic impacts drastically affect the biogeochemical regime of the Black Sea, which contains the largest volume of sulphidic water in the world. The Sea’s oxygen inventory depends on vertical mixing that transports dissolved oxygen (DO) from the upper euphotic layer to deeper layers and on dissolved oxygen consumption for the oxidation of organic matter (OM) and reduced species of S, Fe, and Mn. Here we use a vertical one-dimensional transport model, 2DBP, forced by Copernicus data, that was coupled with the FABM-family N-P-Si-C-O-S-Mn-Fe Bottom RedOx Model BROM. The research objective of this study was to analyze the oxygen budget in the upper 350 m of the Sea and demonstrate the role of the parameterization of the acceleration of the sinking of particles covered by precipitated Mn(IV). The analysis of the oxygen budget revealed distinct patterns in oxygen consumption within different depths. In the oxic zone, the primary sink for DO is the mineralization of organic matter, whereas in the suboxic zone, dissolved Mn(II) oxidation becomes the predominant sink. The produced Mn(IV) sinks down and reacts with hydrogen sulphide several meters below, making possible the existence of the suboxic layer without detectable concentrations of DO and H2S.
Exposure to Aluminum in Drinking Water and the Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease: A Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Evaluation
Authors: Cutipa-Díaz Yvonne Magali , Huanacuni-Lupaca César , Limache-Sandoval Elmer Marcial , Mamani-Huanca Delia Yolanda , Sánchez-Esquiche Walter Mauricio , Rubira-Otarola David Gonzalo , Gutiérrez-Cueva Roxana Nardy , Sacari Sacari Elisban Juani
Published: August 2024

The consumption of drinking water containing aluminum levels that exceed regulatory limits (e.g., the WHO’s guideline value of 0.1–0.2 mg/L) may be associated with the potential risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. However, according to the analyses conducted, it was observed that the scientific evidence on this topic is still limited and contradictory within the scientific community. A bibliometric analysis of 390 articles published between 1979 and 2023 and a systematic review of 20 original articles found that interest in this topic has been decreasing in recent years. The most recent studies focus on the relationship between aluminum and Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting that exposure to high levels of aluminum in drinking water may increase the risk of developing this disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Nevertheless, other studies have concluded that there is no clear causal relationship between aluminum and Alzheimer’s disease. These studies suggest that other factors, such as age, genetics, or exposure to other toxins, may play a more significant role in the development of this condition. More comprehensive studies with improved methodological quality are needed to better understand the relationship between aluminum and Alzheimer’s disease and to establish a definitive conclusion on this subject. Of the 20 articles systematically reviewed, 12 (60%) reported a positive association between aluminum exposure in drinking water and increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease, while 8 (40%) found no significant association. Five studies (25%) were large-scale epidemiological investigations with robust methodologies. However, the current evidence remains insufficient to establish a definitive causal relationship, highlighting the need for more conclusive research in this area
Analysis of Fill Dam Using Finite Element Method and Comparison with Monitoring Results
Authors: Sarayli Suleyman , Sert Sedat , Sonmez Osman
Published: August 2024

Nowadays, a detailed safety policy is applied for dams. These policies cover structural safety, monitoring, inspection, safe operation, and emergency plans. For high-risk dams, all these policy elements need to be included in dam safety programs. Deficiencies in embankment dams, which suffer the most damage, can be detected by visual inspection and programmed monitoring of dams. In dams, horizontal and vertical deformation, leakage, pressure, stress, loads acting on structural elements, and environmental factors are generally measured. These behaviors can be numerically modeled to determine the dam behavior. Numerical analysis methods are important for monitoring the safety of the dam. Models created with software such as Plaxis provide information about dam behavior. Although numerical analysis is very important for dams, obtaining the material parameters used in the construction of the dam needed for modeling, recording the construction stages of the dam, not taking the water level change in the dam reservoir instantaneously, and not taking the measurement records of the dam measurement instruments correctly for different reasons constitute problems and difficulties for the analyses. Within the scope of this study, İkizdere Dam in Turkey was modeled with the Plaxis finite element program; the survey and piezometer measurement data taken from the dam were evaluated by comparing with the analysis results; the difficulties and problems encountered in the modeling and analysis phase were stated, and recommendations were made on dam safety and numerical analysis. Thus, in addition to other studies, it was emphasized that it is important for dam engineers to monitor the use of numerical analysis models throughout the entire process, not only in the planning phase but also from the planning phase to the life of the dam, and to keep records of all recording intervals that will be needed in digital analysis models.
Effects of pH on the Photocatalytic Activity and Degradation Mechanism of Rhodamine B over Fusiform Bi Photocatalysts under Visible Light
Authors: Chen Yuli , Ma Dechong , He Guowen , Pan Sai
Published: August 2024

In this study, fusiform bismuth (Bi) was synthesized, and its photocatalytic performance, degradation mechanism, and pathways for removing rhodamine B (RhB) at different pH levels were investigated. Additionally, the morphologies, structural characteristics, surface electronic states, optical properties, active species, and potential degradation pathways of RhB over the fusiform Bi were analyzed. The comparison of the results before and after RhB degradation using the fusiform Bi revealed the formation of a Bi/BiOCl heterojunction photocatalyst. At pH 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0, the heterojunction exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity, with RhB removal efficiencies of ~97%, 96.7%, 72.6%, 53.5%, and 27.6%, respectively. Moreover, total organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand analyses were performed to evaluate the mineralization rates of RhB with the fusiform Bi at pH 3.0 and 7.0. Furthermore, the effects of catalyst content, initial RhB concentration, light source distance, inorganic anions, and reactant temperature on the photocatalytic performance of the fusiform Bi were investigated. Additionally, the types of active species and potential photocatalytic mechanisms for RhB degradation over the fusiform Bi at different pH levels (3.0 and 7.0) were elucidated. The appropriate degradation pathways were identified via liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry at pH 3.0 and 7.0.
Land Use Cover and Flow Condition Affect the Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter in the Yongding River
Authors: Gu Siyi , Wang Kai , Ruan Mingqi , Song Fanhao , Xu Meiling
Published: August 2024

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is involved in many biogeochemical processes and plays an important role in aquatic ecosystems. This study integrated three-dimensional fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM), fluorescence regional integration (FRI), and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to better understand the distribution and component characteristics of DOM in the Yongding River and explore the response of DOM to natural and anthropogenic activities. The results showed that the relative abundance of fulvic-like materials of DOM in the river was the highest, with an average of 68.64%. PARAFAC identified three fluorescent components, namely, C1 (microbial humic-like components), C2 (terrestrial humic-like components), and C3 (protein-like components), and their changes with flow confirmed that the riverine DOM was generally influenced by microbial sources and terrestrial inputs. The upper reaches showed strong autochthonous characteristics and a high humification degree of DOM due to a fast flow rate, while the middle reaches showed biological or aquatic bacterial origin due to a moderate flow rate. The lower reaches of the river showed characteristics of biological and bacterial origin, most strongly influenced by human activities. The findings can help provide a basis for identifying DOM characteristics in the Yongding River basin and understanding the geochemical cycle of DOM at a regional scale.
Bacteria and Cyanobacteria Inactivation Using UV-C, UV-C/H2O2, and Solar/H2O2 Processes: A Comparative Study
Authors: Choi Jin-Hyuk , Shin Jeongmin , Yoon Soyeong , Jang Taesoon , Lee Jooyoung , Kim Hyun-Kyung , Park Jeong-Ann
Published: August 2024

Effective disinfection processes have been investigated to provide pathogen-free drinking water. Due to growing concern about the potential negative effects of cyanobacteria in portable water, their treatment has gained more attention recently. This study aims to compare the inhibition efficiencies of Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli; E. coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis; B. subtilis), and cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa; M. aeruginosa) using UV-C and solar irradiation, and their combination process with H2O2. Over 6 log removal value (LRV) of E. coli and B. subtilis was achieved within 1 min of UV-C irradiation (0.76 ± 0.02 mW/cm2). The solar and solar/H2O2 (50 mg/L) processes effectively reduced (>99%) both bacteria after 20 min. E. coli was more sensitive to hydroxyl radicals (•OH) compared to the B. subtilis due to a different cell wall structure, resulting in a 0.18–0.62 higher LRV than B. subtilis. However, solar-based processes did not effectively inhibit M. aeruginosa (>52.23%). The UV-C/H2O2 (50 mg/L) process showed the highest inhibition rate for M. aeruginosa (77.83%) due to the generation of •OH, leading to oxidative damage to cells. Additionally, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) was measured to indicate cell lysis of M. aeruginosa. The removal rate of Chl-a extracted by viable M. aeruginosa was higher using the UV-C process (93.03%) rather than the UV-C/H2O2 process (80.95%), because UV-C irradiation could be most effective in damaging Chl-a.
On the Necessity for Improving Water Efficiency in Commercial Buildings: A Green Design Approach in Hot Humid Climates
Authors: Thebuwena A. Chandana Hemantha J. , Samarakoon S. M. Samindi M. K. , Ratnayake R. M. Chandima
Published: August 2024

Water, a fundamental and indispensable resource necessary for the survival of living beings, has become a pressing issue in numerous regions worldwide due to scarcity. Urban areas, where the majority of the global population resides, witness a substantial consumption of blue water, particularly in commercial buildings. This study investigates the potential for enhancing water efficiency within an ongoing high-rise office building construction situated in a tropical climate. The investigation utilizes the green building guidelines of leadership in energy and environmental design (LEED) through a case-study-based research approach. Strategies included using efficient plumbing fixtures (such as high air–water ratio fixtures and dual-flush toilets), the selection of native plants, implementing a suitable irrigation system, introducing a rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) and improving the mechanical ventilation and air conditioning (MVAC) system. The results showed a 55% reduction in water use from efficient fixtures, a 93% reduction in landscaping water needs and a 73% overall water efficiency with a RWHS from the baseline design. Additionally, efficient cooling towers and the redirection of condensed water into the cooling tower make-up water tank improved the overall water efficiency to 38%, accounting for the water requirements of the MVAC system. The findings of this study can contribute to more sustainable and water-efficient urban development, particularly in regions facing water scarcity challenges. The significance of these findings lies in their potential to establish industry standards and inform policymakers in the building sector. They offer valuable insights for implementing effective strategies aimed at reducing blue water consumption across different building types.
Combining Multiple Machine Learning Methods Based on CARS Algorithm to Implement Runoff Simulation
Authors: Fan Yuyan , Fu Xiaodi , Kan Guangyuan , Liang Ke , Yu Haijun
Published: August 2024

Runoff forecasting is crucial for water resource management and flood safety and remains a central research topic in hydrology. Recent advancements in machine learning provide novel approaches for predicting runoff. This study employs the Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) algorithm to integrate various machine learning models into a data-driven rainfall–runoff simulation model. We compare the forecasting performance of different machine learning models to improve rainfall–runoff prediction accuracy. This study uses data from the Maduwang hydrological station in the Bahe river basin, which contain 12 measured flood events from 2000 to 2010. Historical runoff and areal mean rainfall serve as model inputs, while flood data at different lead times are used as model outputs. Among the 12 flood events, 9 are used as the training set, 2 as the validation set, and 1 as the testing set. The results indicate that the CARS-based machine learning model effectively forecasts floods in the Bahe River basin. Under the prediction period of 1 to 6 h, the model achieves high forecasting accuracy, with the average NSE ranging from 0.7509 to 0.9671 and the average R2 ranging from 0.8397 to 0.9413, though the accuracy declines to some extent as the lead time increases. The model accurately predicts peak flow and performs well in forecasting high flow and recession flows, though peak flows are somewhat underestimated for longer lead times. Compared to other machine learning models, the SVR model has the highest average RMSE of 0.942 for a 1–6 h prediction period. It exhibits the smallest deviation among low-, medium-, and high-flow curves, with the lowest NRMSE values across training, validation, and test sets, demonstrating better simulation performance and generalization capability. Therefore, the machine learning model based on CARS feature selection can serve as an effective method for flood forecasting. The related findings provide a new forecasting method and scientific decision-making basis for basin flood safety.
Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Formation Processes of Ordovician Limestone Groundwater in Zhuozishan Coalfield, Northwest China
Authors: Wang Shidong , Wang Tiantian , Yang Zhibin , Tang Hongwei , Lv Hanjiang , Xu Feng , Zhu Kaipeng , Liu Ziyuan
Published: August 2024

A comprehensive understanding of the characteristics and formation mechanisms of groundwater in mining areas is essential for the effective prevention of coal mine water and the rational management of groundwater resources. The objective of this study was to examine the hydrogeochemical characteristics and evolution of Ordovician groundwater in the Zhuozishan coal mine, located in the northwest region of China. A total of 34 groundwater samples were collected for hydrogeochemical analyses and the investigation of their evolution processes, with the aid of a piper trilinear diagram, a Gibbs diagram, and an ion ratio diagram. The results indicate that the concentration of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), bicarbonate (HCO3−), chloride (Cl−), sulphate (SO42−), total dissolved solids (TDS), and pH increases from the recharge area to the discharge area, whereas the concentration of calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) decreases. The hydrogeochemical characteristics of the runoff from Zhuozishan to Gongdeer coalfield and further southward display a notable north–south directional change. The groundwater process is primarily controlled by rock weathering action and cation exchange, with Na+ and K+ deriving primarily from cation exchange and only to a minor extent from halite dissolution. In conclusion, the northern part of the coalfield is characterised by a geological structure that creates a retention area with groundwater, resulting in an unordered runoff process with a complex formation mechanism. The middle region is devoid of geological constraints that would alter the flow direction, thus simplifying the process of groundwater formation. In contrast, the southern area experiences an increase in strata depth and fault blocking, which creates a retention zone, thereby rendering the groundwater formation process more complex. This research contributes to the effective management of groundwater resources in this coalfield and other mining sites.
Chronic Intake of Water Supplemented with Deep-Sea Water Extract Reduces Body Fat Percentage and Increases Basal Metabolic Rate and Muscle Mass in Humans
Authors: Yuzawa Shuya , Ishizawa Miku , Kato Yugo , Takeuchi Nozomu , Takenaka Hirotsugu , Kohno Masahiro , Fukui Koji
Published: August 2024

Modern humans are mineral deficient; thus, considerable attention has been focused on vitamins and polyphenols taken in supplements. However, in the case of minerals, only a few are known, such as calcium, zinc, and iron. As minerals are essential for proper physiologic function, mineral deficiencies are a risk factor for various serious diseases. For a variety of reasons, it has become difficult in recent years for humans to ingest the required amounts of minerals through diet alone, creating the need for a means of easy mineral replenishment. In this study, we measured changes in various physiologic parameters when 36 healthy individuals drank one bottle (550 mL) of water per day for one month containing minerals extracted from deep-sea water and adjusted to a hardness of 300. Although there were no changes in body weight or body mass index, body fat percentage decreased significantly, and basal metabolic rate and muscle mass increased significantly. Although the mechanism behind these changes is unknown, continuous intake of water amended with minerals extracted from deep-sea water may be an excellent approach to replenishing essential minerals.
COOKIES TEPUNG KEDELAI DAN TEPUNG JALI SEBAGAI MAKANAN SELINGAN IBU HAMIL HIPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM GRADE 1
Authors: Kamilah Ima Holilatul , Fitria Mona , Sulaeman Agus , Widartika Widartika
Published: August 2024

Hiperemesis gravidarum atau mual muntah yang terus menerus biasa terjadi pada awal kehamilan. Produk berupa cookies dengan berbahan dasar pangan lokal, yaitu tepung kedelai dan tepung jali dapat menjadi makanan selingan bagi ibu hamil dengan hiperemesis gravidarum. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh formulasi tepung kedelai dan tepung jali terhadap sifat organoleptik, kandungan karbohidrat, protein, lemak, zat besi, dan kadar air cookies sebagai makanan selingan bagi ibu hamil dengan hiperemesis gravidarum. Desain penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor, yaitu perlakuan formulasi antara tepung kedelai dan tepung jali F1 (30%:70%), F2 (40%:60%), dan F3 (50%:50%). Panelis pada penelitian ini adalah 30 panelis agak terlatih. Hasil uji organoleptik menunjukkan produk terbaik pada formula F2 dengan formulasi tepung kedelai dan tepung jali (40%:60%) yang mengandung energi 416,25 kkal, protein 9,54 gram, lemak 7,14 gram, zat besi 0,16 mg, dan karbohidrat 78,45 gram serta kadar air 3,10 gram. Hasil analisis statistik Uji Kruskall Wallis menunjukkan adanya pengaruh formulasi tepung kedelai dan tepung jali pada parameter rasa (p=0,005), tekstur (p=0,031), dan overall (p=0,002).
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT STRES DAN EATING DISORDER DENGAN STATUS GIZI
Authors: Qalbya Yuri Aini , Saleky Yohannes Willihelm , Isdiany Nitta , Mulyo Gurid PE
Published: August 2024

Majority of teenagers are stressed out due to the condition of social environment, which eventually triggers the occurrence of abnormal eating behaviors known as eating disorder. This behavior affects the nutritional status of adolescents. Studies in 2020 and 2014 found that there were 67.8% female adolescents with eating disorder and 49,5% with moderate to severe stress. Data from RISKESDAS 2018 show that there was 8.2% underweight adolescents. This study aims to identify the relationship of stress level and eating disorder with nutritional status of the students. This is a Cross Sectional study with the of 67 people taken with the Simple Random Sampling technique. Instruments used were Depression Anxiety Stress Scale questionnaire to determine stress levels, the Eating Disorder Diagnosis Scale questionnaire to determine the level of Eating Disorder and anthropometric measurements to determine nutritional status. Data were analyzed by using Chi-square Test with SPSS program. The results shows that there was 23.8% repondents with underweight. Most of the respondentst (67.2%) were normal and only 9% was overweight. This study also found that 26.9% of respondents were stressed and 73.1% of respondents did not experience stress. There were also 19.4% respondents with bulimia nervosa, 10.4% respondents with EDNOS and 1.5% respondents with Binge Eating Disorder. No significant relationship was found between stress and eating disorder, as well as between eating disorder and nutritional status (p-value: 0.420 and 0.196). It is important for the adolescents to control their stress and diet in order to control their nutritional status.
STATUS GIZI IBU SAAT HAMIL, BERAT BADAN BAYI LAHIR DAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF TERHADAP KEJADIAN STUNTING
Authors: Rosmana Dadang , Yuliani Rita , Mulyo Gurid PE , Fauziyah Roro Nur , Hapsari Agustina Indri
Published: August 2024

Stunting is a condition where height or body length is less than age. The causes of stunting are maternal nutritional status during pregnancy, low birth weight and exclusive breastmilk. The prevalence of stunting in Sumedang regency in 2020 is 12.51%. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the maternal nutritional status during pregnancy, birth weight and exclusive breastmilk with stunting in Puskesmas Jatinunggal, Sumedang. The type of research is analysis observation with cross sectional with a sample of 64 toddler, purposive sampling as the sampling technique. The type of data used is secondary data as maternal nutritional status during pregnancy, birth weight, exclusive breastmilk, height for age. The results showed 25 toddlers were stunted (39.1%), 18 mothers during pregnancy who experienced chronic energy deficiency  (28.1%),15 toddlers who experienced LBW (23.4%), not exclusive breastfeeding 24 toddlers (37.5%). Bivariate results there was no relationship between nutritional status during pregnancy and the incidence of stunting (p 0.528). There is a relationship between birth weight and the incidence of stunting (p 0.00). There is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting (p 0.00). The most influential variable on the incidence of stunting is the birth weight of the baby. LBW provides 21,330 opportunities to cause stunting.
PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN GIGI DAN MULUT SERTA EDUKASI SIKAT GIGI DAN KURATIF SEDERHANA PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR ALWAHLIYAH MARTUBUNG
Authors: Restuning Sekar , Siahaan Yenni Lisbet , Siahaan Dumamey , Sutriatai Sutriatai
Published: August 2024

Pencegahan terjadinya karies gigi pada masyarakat dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan penyuluhan mengenai cara menggosok gigi yang benar dan bahaya dari karies gigi. Selain itu, program sikat gigi bersama di sekolah-sekolah juga dapat dilakukan untuk membiasakan anak-anak menggosok gigi rutin dan benar. Penyakit karies pada anak, banyak dan sering terjadi dikarenakan kurangnya  perhatian dari orang tua karena beranggapan bahwa gigi anak akan digantikan oleh gigi tetap. Orang tua kurang menyadari bahwa dampak yang ditimbulkan sebenarnya akan sangat besar bila tidak dilakukan perawatan untuk mencegah karies gigi sejak dini pada anak. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan anak tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut, sehingga dapat mencegah terjadinya karies gigi pada anak dengan memberikan penyuluhan dan edukasi sikat gigi bersama-sama. Observasi anak dapat memahami cara menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulutnya dengan melakukan demonstrasi cara sikat gigi bersama. Selama tiga kali dilakukan pelaksanaan pengabdian kepada masyarakat berupa penyuluhan pada tiap kelompok yang berbeda terlihat terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan anak-anak. Kepada pihak sekolah bahwa pendidikan kesehatan atau penyuluhan kepada masyarakat selalu diberikan untuk meningkatkan status kesehatan gigi dan mulutnya.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGGUNAAN TANAMAN SELEDRI SEBAGAI ANTIHIPERTENS DI MARGALUYU KELURAHAN MARGASARI, KECAMATAN BUAH BATU, BANDUNG.
Authors: Febriyanti Lilis , Sudaryat Yayat , Herdiana Irvan
Published: August 2024

Di dunia, hipertensi menduduki peringkat ketiga sebagai faktor resiko penyebab kematian. Pada tahun 2025, kenaikan kasus hipertensi terutama Negara berkembang diperkirakan sekitar 80% dari 639 juta kasus di tahun 2000  atau berkisar sebanyak 1,15 milyar kasus [1]). Dalam ilmu botani, daun seledri diketahui memiliki kandungan Apigenin yang dapat mencegah penyempitan pembuluh darah dan Phthalides yang dapat mengendurkan otot-otot arteri atau merelaksasi pembuluh darah. Zat tersebut yang mengatur aliran darah sehingga memungkinkan pembuluh darah membesar dan mengurangi tekanan darah. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka perlu dilakukan Pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pemanfaatan tanaman seledri untuk mengatasi masalah hipertensi, yang dilaksanakan dalam program Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat pada skema PKM dengan mitranya adalah Kader PKK RW 09 di  Desa Margasari Kecamatan Buah Batu, Bandung. Kegiatan PKM ini berlangsung dengan tujuh kegiatan, yaitu: Melakukan pengecekan tekanan darah peserta sebelum diterapi dengan tanaman seledri, melakukan Pre-test terhadap peserta sebelum dilakukan penyuluhan, menimbang tanaman seledri untuk dibagikan kepada masing-masing peserta agar bisa terapi mandiri di rumah, melakukan ceramah dan diskusi tentang hipertensi, obat-obat kimia antihipertensi, dan pemanfaatan tanaman seledri antihipertensi, demonstrasi pembuatan minuman herbal tanaman seledri yang berkhasiat sebagai antihipertensidan pembagian minuman kepada peserta, melaksanakan post test, dan melakukan pengecekan tekanan darah peserta setelah diterapi dengan tanaman seledri selama 3 hari. Solusi yang ditawarkan adalah adanya peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan mitra PKM yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan nilai post-test setelah  dibandingkan dengan nilai pre-test nya. Selain itu juga terjadinya peningkatan derajat kesehatan masyarakat dengan terjadinya penurunan tekanan darah terutama pada peserta yang menderita hipertensi setelah diterapi dengan daun seledri.
PEMBUATAN PLANG EDUKASI LAMANYA SAMPAH ANORGANIK TERURAI DI DESA WATUNGGARANDU KECAMATAN LALONGGASUMEETO KABUPATEN KONAWE
Authors: Yusran Sartiah , Bahar Hartati , Findriyanti Findri , Kombong Oselya Meidy
Published: August 2024

Sampah adalah barang yang dibuang begitu saja, dan dalam banyak kasus, sampah menimbulkan masalah bagi lingkungan. Laporan Bank Dunia menunjukkan bahwa jumlah sampah di kota-kota di dunia diperkirakan akan terus meningkat sebesar 70% mulai tahun ini hingga tahun 2025, dari 1,3 miliar ton per tahun menjadi 2,2 miliar ton per tahun. Peningkatan terbesar terjadi di kota-kota di negara-negara miskin. Berdasarkan data Bank Dunia, timbulan sampah domestik di Indonesia sebesar 151.921 Ton per harinya, yang berarti setiap penduduk Indonesia membuang sampah kurang lebih 0,85 kilogram setiap harinya. Berdasarkan data yang sama, hanya 80% dari seluruh sampah yang dihasilkan secara global dikumpulkan, sedangkan sisanya dimusnahkan dan mencemari lingkungan. Dari hasil survei lapangan yang telah dilakukan di Desa Watungarandu Kecamatan Lalonggasumeeto Kabupaten Konawe, kami menemukan masih banyak sampah yang tidak dibuang pada tempatnya, dibuang di sembarang tempat dan juga berserakah di mana-mana. Hal ini yang memotivasi kami mahasiswa KKN MD-MBKM Desa Watungarandu untuk memberikan edukasi guna menciptakan kesadaran masyarakat untuk tidak membuang sampah sembarangan. Tujuan dari pemasangan plang edukasi sampah ini ialah untuk memberikan kesadaran kepada masyarakat mengenai bahaya dari sampah yang di buang sembarangan. Plang sampah itu sendiri untuk menjelaskan berapa lama waktu yang dibutuhkan sampah untuk terurai. Metode yang digunakan adalah presentasi dan konsultasi. Hasil dari kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan bahaya membuang sampah sembarangan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa Watungarandu.
PERILAKU PENGENDALIAN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 TERHADAP KADAR GULA DARAH
Authors: Zainab Zainab , Sulaeman Sulaeman , Hasanuddin Indirwan
Published: August 2024

Diabetes tipe 2 adalah bentuk diabetes yang paling umum yang memengaruhi sekitar 85% orang dengan kondisi ini. Seseorang harus fokus pada aktivitas fisik, diet seimbang, dan mematuhi obat-obatan untuk mengelola diabetes melitus tipe 2. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi parameter yang terkait dengan kadar gula darah pada pasien dengan diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Daerah Lamaddukelleng. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei analisis menggunakan desain studi lintas-seksi. Penelitian ini mencakup semua pasien ambulans yang didiagnosis dengan diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Daerah Lamaddukelleng pada bulan Desember 2022. Ada 182 kunjungan dan sampel 40 peserta dipilih menggunakan pengambilan sampel yang disesuaikan. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji chi square. Uji univariat dilakukan untuk menganalisis distribusi frekuensi karakteristik variabel seperti usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, dan pekerjaan, serta faktor perilaku termasuk kadar gula darah, aktivitas fisik, kepatuhan obat, dan diet yang seimbang. Uji bivariat dilakukan untuk memeriksa hubungan antara variabel karakteristik independen dan tergantung sehubungan dengan diabetes tipe 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan korelasi substansial antara aktivitas fisik dan kadar gula darah pasien, dengan nilai p: 0,005. Ada korelasi yang signifikan antara frekuensi asupan karbohidrat dan kadar gula darah, dengan nilai p: 0,004. Ada korelasi yang signifikan antara kepatuhan terhadap terapi dan kadar gula darah, seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai p: 0.028. Aktivitas fisik, frekuensi asupan karbohidrat, dan kepatuhan pengobatan berkorelasi dengan kadar gula darah.