bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Additive‐Free Generation of Cyanoalkyl Radicals via Photoinduced Single Electron Transfer from Dichalcogenides to Cycloketone Oxime Esters
Authors: Su Xiao‐Di , Zhang Bei‐Bei , Liu Qiang , Yang Zhu‐Sheng , Wang Zhi‐Xiang , Chen Xiang‐Yu
Published: September 2022

We herein report an additive‐free alternative for the generation of cyanoalkyl radicals through photoinduced single electron transfer from dichalcogenides to cyclobutanone oxime esters, resulting in chalcogen‐containing nitriles. Experimental and DFT studies supported the occurrence of the process between the two components.
Zn‐Mediated Reductive Addition of Isocyanides with Unactivated Tertiary Alkyl Oxalates
Authors: Xiang Huan , Yu Zhengkai , Xie Tian , Ye Xiang‐Yang , Ye Yang
Published: September 2022

A facile and efficient method is presented for the synthesis of 6‐alkylated phenanthridine, possessing hindered quaternary carbon centers, by Zn‐mediated reductive trapping of tertiary alkyl radicals with both electron‐rich and electron‐deficient aryl isocyanides using nickel as a promoter. Bench‐stable and operation‐friendly tertiary alkyl oxalates derived from abundant tertiary alkyl alcohols were first used as radical precursors for the alkylation of isocyanobiphenyl species. This reaction displays excellent functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope, allowing access to desired products in good to excellent yields.
Elastic‐inertial separation of microparticle in a gradually contracted microchannel
Authors: Tian Zhuang‐Zhuang , Gan Chong‐Shan , Fan Liang‐Liang , Wang Ji‐Chang , Zhao Liang
Published: September 2022

Separation of microparticle in viscoelastic fluid is highly required in the field of biology and clinical medicine. For instance, the separation of the target cell from blood is an important prerequisite step for the drug screening and design. The microfluidic device is an efficient way to achieve the separation of the microparticle in the viscoelastic fluid. However, the existing microfluidic methods often have some limitations, including the requirement of the long channel length, the labeling process, and the low throughput. In this work, based on the elastic‐inertial effect in the viscoelastic fluid, a new separation method is proposed where a gradually contracted microchannel is designed to efficiently adjust the forces exerted on the particle, eventually achieving the high‐efficiency separation of different sized particles in a short channel length and at a high throughput. In addition, the separation of WBCs and RBCs is also validated in the present device. The effect of the flow rate, the fluid property, and the channel geometry on the particle separation is systematically investigated by the experiment. With the advantage of small footprint, simple structure, high throughput, and high efficiency, the present microfluidic device could be utilized in the biological and clinical fields, such as the cell analysis and disease diagnosis.
P‐Doped MoO2/Porous Ni Self‐Supported Catalyst for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Xu Ziyi , Teng Xianggui , Dou Xiaoyi , Wu Yong , Wei Jinchao , Chen Qizhi , Zhang Jian , Zeng Julan , Yu Linping
Published: September 2022

Constructing integrated electrocatalysts free from binder is recognized as a promising approach to promote the long‐term efficiency of hydrogen evolution through water electrolysis. Herein, the in situ growth of MoO2 on a porous Ni substrate followed by phosphorus doping is reported to generate self‐supported P‐doped MoO2/porous Ni electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. The porous Ni substrate provides a large specific surface area and highly accessible channels for accommodating the active nanoparticles, which achieves an ultralow overpotential of 81 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 99 mV decade−1, and exceptionally high durability for 24 h. The excellent performance of P‐doped MoO2/porous Ni is mainly attributable to the efficient electrolyte diffusion, fast emission of gas bubbles, and enhanced electrical conductivity brought by porous Ni substrate and the highly active sites. This self‐supported catalyst is distinct and superior to the conventional powdery catalysts in developing new energy conversion technologies.
Solution to the Riemann problem for drift‐flux model with modified Chaplygin two‐phase flows
Authors: Zeidan Dia , Jana Sumita , Kuila Sahadeb , Sekhar T. Raja
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we concern about the Riemann problem for compressible no‐slip drift‐flux model which represents a system of quasi‐linear partial differential equations derived by averaging the mass and momentum conservation laws with modified Chaplygin two‐phase flows. We obtain the exact solution of Riemann problem by elaborately analyzing characteristic fields and discuss the elementary waves namely, shock wave, rarefaction wave and contact discontinuity wave. By employing the equality of pressure and velocity across the middle characteristic field, two nonlinear algebraic equations with two unknowns as gas density ahead and behind the middle wave are formed. The Newton–Raphson method of two variables is applied to find the unknowns with a series of initial data from the literature. Finally, the exact solution for the physical quantities such as gas density, liquid density, velocity, and pressure are illustrated graphically.
Current Challenges in Efficient Lithium‐Ion Batteries’ Recycling: A Perspective
Authors: Yu Xiaolu , Li Weikang , Gupta Varun , Gao Hongpeng , Tran Duc , Sarwar Shatila , Chen Zheng
Published: September 2022

Li‐ion battery (LIB) recycling has become an urgent need with rapid prospering of the electric vehicle (EV) industry, which has caused a shortage of material resources and led to an increasing amount of retired batteries. However, the global LIB recycling effort is hampered by various factors such as insufficient logistics, regulation, and technology readiness. Here, the challenges associated with LIB recycling and their possible solutions are summarized. Different aspects such as recycling/upcycling techniques, worldwide government policies, and the economic and environmental impacts are discussed, along with some practical suggestions to overcome these challenges for a promising circular economy for LIB materials. Some potential strategies are proposed to convert such challenges into opportunities to maintain the global expansion of the EV and other LIB‐dependent industries.
Nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene reduces markers of hepatic inflammation in NAFLD: A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Dellinger Ryan W. , Holmes Holly E. , Hu‐Seliger Tina , Butt Rodney W. , Harrison Stephen A. , Mozaffarian Dariush , Chen Oliver , Guarente Leonard
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims:

The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing globally and on a path to becoming the most frequent cause of chronic liver disease. Strategies for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD are urgently needed.

Approach and Results:

A 6‐month prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of daily NRPT (commercially known as Basis, a combination of nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene) supplementation in 111 adults with NAFLD. The study consisted of three arms: placebo, recommended daily dose of NRPT (NRPT 1×), and a double dose of NRPT (NRPT 2×). NRPT appeared safe and well tolerated. At the end of the study, no significant change was seen in the primary endpoint of hepatic fat fraction with respect to placebo. However, among prespecified secondary outcomes, a time‐dependent decrease in the circulating levels of the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) was observed in the NRPT 1× group, and this decrease was significant with respect to placebo. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the circulating levels of the toxic lipid ceramide 14:0 was also observed in the NRPT 1× group versus placebo, and this decrease was associated with a decrease in ALT in individuals of this group. A dose‐dependent effect was not observed with respect to ALT, GGT, or ceramide 14:0 in the NRPT 2× group.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates that NRPT at the recommended dose is safe and may hold promise in lowering markers of hepatic inflammation in patients with NAFLD.
Advances in the study of the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and the gastrointestinal microbiome
Authors: Li Xin‐Yan , Qin Hao‐Yue , Li Ting‐Ting
Published: September 2022

There are many trillions of bacteria in the gastrointestinal microbiome (GM). Their ecological dysregulation can contribute to the development of certain neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is common dementia and its incidence is increasing year by year. However, the relationship between GM and AD is unclear. Therefore, this review discusses the relationship between GM and AD, elaborates on the possible factors that can affect this relationship through the inflammation of the brain induced by blood−brain damage and accumulation of amyloid deposit, and proposes feasible ways to treat AD through GM‐related substances, such as probiotics, Mega‐3, and gut hormones, including their shortcomings as well.
Law and macro finance of corporate debt: Managing the business cycle through bankruptcy
Authors: Borowicz M. Konrad
Published: September 2022

This article proposes that, as a matter of policy, the bankruptcy law protections of creditors offering to lend money to large firms in a boom should be weaker than those of creditors offering to lend to such firms in a bust. The policy goals of bankruptcy law under this proposal, inspired by the theoretical framework for Law and Macro Finance, are to curb booms, mitigate the effects of booms gone bust, and protect the productive capacity of the economy in the long term. Bankruptcy courts play a central role in the implementation of this framework. This article discusses examples of legal doctrines the courts could employ for that purpose, such as deepening insolvency and equitable subordination. The courts' role in the countercyclical management of creditor expectations concerning recoveries distinguishes the Law and Macro Finance framework for corporate debt from the more conventional Law and Finance framework. Under the Law and Finance framework, the primary policy objective of bankruptcy courts is to maximise creditor recoveries. Under the Law and Macro Finance framework, that objective is to help manage creditors' expectations concerning recoveries across the credit cycle.
CD25: A potential tumor therapeutic target
Authors: Peng Yujia , Tao Yiran , Zhang Ya , Wang Jiaxing , Yang Jinliang , Wang Yuxi
Published: September 2022

CD25 is the alpha‐chain of the heterotrimer IL‐2 receptor. CD25 is expressed on the surface of both immune and non‐immune cells with different frequencies. For cancers, CD25 is expressed at high levels in many types of hematological malignancies, but at low levels in most solid tumors. CD25 is also highly expressed in activated circulating immune cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Infiltration of Tregs in the tumor microenvironment can lead to an imbalanced ratio of effector T cells (Teffs) and Tregs, which is associated with the progression of cancers. A rescued Teff/Treg cell ratio indicates an efficient anti‐tumor response to immunotherapy. CD25 as a potential target for the depletion of Tregs is critical in developing new immunotherapeutic strategies. Few articles have summarized the relationships between CD25 and tumors, or the recent progress of drugs targeting CD25. In this paper, we will discuss the structures of IL‐2 and IL‐2R, the biological function of CD25 and its important role in tumor therapy. In addition, the latest research on drugs targeting CD25 has been summarized, providing guidance for future drug development.
Biomaterials‐based nanoparticles conjugated to regulatory T cells provide a modular system for localized delivery of pharmacotherapeutic agents
Authors: Marshall Gregory P. , Cserny Judit , Wang Chun‐Wei , Looney Benjamin , Posgai Amanda L. , Bacher Rhonda , Keselowsky Benjamin , Brusko Todd M.
Published: September 2022

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) presents with two therapeutic challenges: the need to correct underlying autoimmunity and restore β‐cell mass. We harnessed the unique capacity of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the T cell receptor (TCR) to direct tolerance induction along with tissue‐localized delivery of therapeutic agents to restore endogenous β‐cell function. Specifically, we designed a combinatorial therapy involving biomaterials‐based poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles co‐loaded with the Treg growth factor, IL‐2, and the β‐cell regenerative agent, harmine (a tyrosine‐regulated kinase 1A [DYRK1A] inhibitor), conjugated to the surface of Tregs. We observed continuous elution of IL‐2 and harmine from nanoparticles for at least 7 days in vitro. When conjugated to primary human Tregs, IL‐2 nanoparticles provided sufficient IL‐2 receptor signaling to support STAT5 phosphorylation for sustained phenotypic stability and viability in culture. Inclusion of poly‐L‐lysine (PLL) during nanoparticle‐cell coupling dramatically increased conjugation efficiency, providing sufficient IL‐2 to support in vitro proliferation of IL‐2‐dependent CTLL‐2 cells and primary murine Tregs. In 12‐week‐old female non‐obese diabetic mice, adoptive transfer of IL‐2/harmine nanoparticle‐conjugated NOD.BDC2.5 Tregs, which express an islet antigen‐specific TCR, significantly prevented diabetes demonstrating preserved in vivo viability. These data provide the preclinical basis to develop a biomaterials‐optimized cellular therapy to restore immune tolerance and promote β‐cell proliferation in T1D through receptor‐targeted drug delivery within pancreatic islets.
Engagement in Primary Prevention Program among Rural Veterans With Osteoporosis Risk
Authors: Miller Karla L. , Mccoy Kimberly , Richards Chris , Seaman Aaron , Solimeo Samantha L.
Published: September 2022

A primary osteoporosis prevention program using a virtual bone health team (BHT) was implemented to comanage the care of rural veterans in the Mountain West region of the United States. The BHT identified, screened, and treated rural veterans at risk for osteoporosis using telephone and United States Postal Service communications. Eligibility was determined by regular use of Veterans Health Administration primary care, age 50 or older, and evidence of fracture risk. This study was conducted to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with the acceptance of osteoporosis screening and the initiation of medication where indicated. A cross‐sectional cohort design (N = 6985) was utilized with a generalized estimating equation and logit link function to account for facility‐level clustering. Fully saturated and reduced models were fitted using backward selection. Less than a quarter of eligible veterans enrolled in BHT's program and completed screening. Factors associated with a lower likelihood of clinic enrollment included being of older age, unmarried, greater distance from VHA services, having a copayment, prior fracture, or history of rheumatoid arthritis. A majority of veterans with treatment indication started medication therapy (N = 453). In this subpopulation, Fisher's exact test showed a significant association between osteoporosis treatment uptake and a history of two or more falls in the prior year, self‐reported parental history of fracture, current smoking, and weight‐bearing exercise. The BHT was designed to reduce barriers to screening; however, for this population cost and travel continue to limit engagement. The remarkable rate of medication initiation notwithstanding, low enrollment reduces the impact of this primary prevention program, and findings pertaining to fracture, smoking, and exercise imply that health beliefs are an important contributing factor. Efforts to identify and address barriers to osteoporosis screening and treatment, such as clinical factors, social determinants of health, and health beliefs, may pave the way for effective implementation of population bone health care delivery systems. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Responding to everyday problems and crises: Measuring community resilience
Authors: Tavares Lara Patrício , Luís Sílvia , Henriques Joana , Marujo Helena Águeda , Gonçalves Sónia P. , Rivero Catarina
Published: September 2022

Resilience is of the upmost importance to deal with everyday problems faced by communities. The concept of community resilience is gaining prominence in disaster management policy and practice, and it has been shown to be an important factor during pandemic recovery such as during the SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak. We present an instrument for community resilience assessment adapted for disasters like the pandemics. The instrument was based on the theory‐based and evidence‐informed Communities Advancing Resilience Toolkit (CART) Assessment Survey, adapted for the first time to Portuguese. Another strong feature of this study relates to the targeted participants, namely human service workers (598). They are key informants for their close involvement with communities. This version of the CART was reliable. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good relationship between the observed variables and their underlying latent constructs. Moreover, tests for measurement invariance across participants showed that differences in factor variances and covariances were not attributable to age‐based differences in the properties of the scales themselves. Our findings support the fundamental idea that it is worthwhile to have an instrument to measure community resilience. Thus, our study adds to the evaluation of the CART, supporting its value as a robust instrument to measure resilience at the community level in different countries.
Animal model testing for efficacy and adverse effects of bacteriophages against Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Hussain Aamir , Ullah Ihsan , Saeed Muhammad Q.
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to conduct a detailed study on murine model testing of bacteriophage against Acinetobacter baumannii. These bacteriophages were tested not only for their efficacy in healing wound of murine models infected with multidrug resistant A. baumannii but were also studied for any derangement in hematological parameters as well as liver and kidney function. The study also included any histological changes observed in hepatic and renal tissues of the bacteriophage treated murine animals. This experimental study was conducted at Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar and Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. A. baumannii isolates were obtained from the Microbiology Department, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done by using standard procedures and as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Bacteriophages were isolated from sewage water samples collected from different hospitals in Multan. These bacteriophages were characterized and finally used for treating the murine model and efficacy of phage as a therapeutic option was determined by using superficial rat wound model. In this study, the isolated lytic bacteriophage was effective in relatively faster wound healing of the infected animals. Moreover, there were no significant hematological or renal and hepatic profile changes in treated animals. Histology of renal and hepatic tissues was also normal as compared to control animals. Our study concluded that the isolated phage could serve as an attractive therapeutic candidate to combat the deadly multidrug resistant A. baumannii.
Feasibility of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for advanced peritoneal surface tumors during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A single‐institution experience
Authors: Radomski Shannon N. , Florissi Isabella , Khan Hamza , Siddiqi Amn , Paneitz Dane C. , Johnston Fabian M. , Greer Jonathan B.
Published: September 2022

Background and objectives

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a complex treatment used in selected patients with peritoneal surface malignancies. HIPEC procedures are time and resource intensive. The primary aim of this analysis was to compare the experience of treating advanced abdominal tumors with CRS‐HIPEC before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.

Methods

Patients included in this analysis received CRS‐HIPEC at a single center during either a prepandemic (March 18, 2019–March 17, 2020) or pandemic (March 18, 2020–February 5, 2021) interval. A retrospective chart review was performed.

Results

Our analysis included 67 patients: 30 (45%) treated prepandemic and 37 (55%) treated during the pandemic. Median age at the time of operation was 58 years (interquartile range: [49–65]); 53% of patients were women. Patients treated during the pandemic presented with higher peritoneal cancer index (PCI) scores with 32% (n = 12) having a PCI > 20 at the time of surgery (p = 0.01). Five patients had delays in surgery due to the pandemic. Rates of overall postoperative morbidity, reoperation, and readmission were not different between the cohorts.

Conclusions

Despite presenting with more extensive disease, patients treated with CRS‐HIPEC during the height of the COVID‐19 pandemic had comparable perioperative outcomes to patients treated prepandemic.
Advances in Energy‐Level Systems of Organic Lasers
Authors: Wu Jun‐Jie , Wang Xue‐Dong , Liao Liang‐Sheng
Published: September 2022

Organic gain materials, with the merit of abundant excited‐state processes with large stimulated emission cross‐section, show considerable potential in lasers. The abundant excited‐state processes provide excellent platform for the construction of various forms of energy‐level systems, based on which the efficient population inversion and the tailorable gain region are supported. Herein, the development of organic lasers with distinctive energy‐level systems is summarized according to the classification of excited‐state gain processes including singlet quasi‐four‐level transition, energy transfer, excimer, charge transfer (CT), excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), and some other novel photophysical processes, giving deep insight into the inherent relationship between energy‐level systems and laser action. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for the future development are presented, hopefully to offer valuable enlightenment for the further optimization of energy‐level systems toward high‐gain organic lasers including electrically pumped organic lasers.
Self‐Aligned Polymer Film Patterning on Microstructured Silicon Surfaces
Authors: Schutzeichel Christopher , Kiriy Nataliya , Kiriy Anton , Voit Brigitte
Published: September 2022

Based on a recently developed selective etching process for silicon samples with buried implants, this work presents a method for utilizing the generated material contrast between silicon and silicon oxide to selectively deposit polymers on the patterned surface. Besides depositing polystyrene selectively on the etched parts via drop‐casting and dewetting, polymer chains are selectively grafted to the oxidic surface parts. To this end, the oxide surfaces are selectively modified via functional alkoxysilanes, whereas etched silicon surfaces are unreactive. Using either a two‐step or a straight‐forward one‐step process employing commercially available chemicals, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator functions are attached selectively to the non‐etched surface areas, and subsequently used to polymerize either methyl methacrylate (MMA) or N‐isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) in a controlled surface‐initiated activator regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET)‐ATRP process. This procedure allows for the further self‐aligned functionalization of the micropatterned samples, enabling the production of highly functional, patterned surfaces, potentially suitable for applications in areas such as cell adsorption, microfluidics, or functional microsystems, e.g., MEMS.
The assignment of 11B and 1H resonances in the post‐reaction mixture from the dry synthesis of Li(BH3NH2BH2NH2BH3)
Authors: Nawrocka Ewa K. , Prus Agnieszka , Owarzany Rafał , Koźmiński Wiktor , Kazimierczuk Krzysztof , Fijalkowski Karol J.
Published: September 2022

We report a detailed
NMR and
NMR study of as synthesised
obtained in a novel dry‐synthesis method. A combination of 1D and 2D single‐ and triple‐quantum techniques was used for the assignment of all observed signals. Minor side‐products and reactants were detected in the product:
,
,
, and two yet unknown salts containing 7‐membered chain anions:
and
. We believe the assignment provided within this study might be helpful when analysing the mixtures containing numerous ammonia borane derivatives, which often give overlapping signals that are hard to distinguish.
Pass the torch: Leadership development and succession planning in nonprofit organizations
Authors: Johnson Brian Lee
Published: September 2022

Succession planning is similar to the process of purchasing life insurance. Few people enjoy doing so, and even fewer take pleasure in discussing the reasons why it is needed. However, for long‐term stability purposes, both are necessary to prepare for the future. Life insurance is purchased with the mindset of protecting loved ones. Can this same mindset carry over to succession planning for nonprofit organizations (NPOs), which many stakeholders deeply care for as well? Research points to the coming mass departure of NPO executives. Consequently, NPOs must know how to prepare for this exodus. In this paper, information is presented from relevant literature regarding succession planning within NPOs, including who is currently in the executive positions, why this change is happening, what problems can occur during the transition process, and which methods can be used to solve them. Furthermore, guidance is provided on who should be directly involved in the succession process and how these individuals can develop future leaders from within the NPO. Everything is examined through the lens of two leadership theories: transformational leadership and shared leadership. Hopefully, this paper inspires NPOs to start a conversation on leadership development and succession planning within their organizations.
Potential of polyhydroxyalkanoate and nanocellulose from oil palm trunk as raw materials for additive manufacturing: A review
Authors: Jeffri Noorfarisya Izma , M. R. Nurul Fazita , Leh Cheu Peng , Hashim Rokiah , M.K Mohamad Haafiz , Ibrahim Mazlan , Tay Guan Seng , Arai Takamitsu , Sudesh Kumar , Kosugi Akihiko
Published: September 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM) is beneficial due to its fast prototyping, non‐complexity process, flexibility, which allows for a wide range of innovations. The AM presented in this review concentrated solely on the fused deposition modeling method. The application of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolymer in conjunction with AM technology in accordance with the interest of researchers in practicing sustainable development. Most studies discovered that the features of PHA, such as its brittleness, slow crystallization, and small processing window, may be overcome by blending it with other polymers. In particular, the physical and chemical properties of PHA have a strong influence on its printability in three‐dimensional printing. Furthermore, this article discussed the use of nanocellulose as a reinforcing material in PHA blends due to its high‐surface area, lightweight, and excellent biocompatibility. The limitations in creating and applying PHA were also highlighted, as it was expensive and difficult to process at high temperatures. Overall, this article provided an overview of AM, including the potential of oil palm trunk as a source of PHA and nanocellulose for bio‐composite products.
Integrated changes in thermal stability and proteome abundance during altered nutrient states in Escherichia coli and human cells
Authors: Sultonova Mukhayyo , Blackmore Beau , Du Ronnie , Philips Olivier , Paulo Joao A. , Murphy John Patrick
Published: September 2022

Altered thermal solubility measurement techniques are emerging as powerful tools to assess ligand binding, post‐translational modification, protein–protein interactions, and many other cellular processes that affect protein state under various cellular conditions. Thermal solubility or stability profiling techniques are enabled on a global proteomic scale by employing isobaric tagging reagents that facilitate multiplexing capacity required to measure changes in the proteome across thermal gradients. Key among these is thermal proteomic profiling (TPP), which requires 8–10 isobaric tags per gradient and generation of multiple proteomic datasets to measure different replicates and conditions. Furthermore, using TPP to measure protein thermal stability state across different conditions may also require measurements of differential protein abundance. Here, we use the proteome integral stability alteration (PISA) assay, a higher throughput version of TPP, to measure global changes in protein thermal stability normalized to their protein abundance. We explore the use of this approach to determine changes in protein state between logarithmic and stationary phase Escherichia coli as well as glucose‐starved human Hek293T cells. We observed protein intensity‐corrected PISA changes in 290 and 350 proteins due to stationary phase transition in E. coli and glucose starvation, respectively. These data reveal several examples of proteins that were not previously associated with nutrient states by abundance alone. These include E. coli proteins such as putative acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (aidB) and chaperedoxin (cnoX) as well as human RAB vesicle trafficking proteins and many others which may indicate their involvement in metabolic diseases such as cancer.
Pharmacological hypothesis: A recombinant probiotic for taming bacterial β‐glucuronidase in drug‐induced enteropathy
Authors: Jardou Manon , Brossier Clarisse , Guiyedi Kenza , Faucher Quentin , Lawson Roland
Published: September 2022

Advances in pharmacomicrobiomics have shed light on the pathophysiology of drug‐induced enteropathy associated with the therapeutic use of certain non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, anticancer chemotherapies and immunosuppressants. The toxicity pathway results from the post‐glucuronidation release and digestive accumulation of an aglycone generated in the context of intestinal dysbiosis characterized by the expansion of β‐glucuronidase‐expressing bacteria. The active aglycone could trigger direct or indirect inflammatory signaling on the gut epithelium. Therefore, taming bacterial β‐glucuronidase (GUS) activity is a druggable target for preventing drug‐induced enteropathy. In face of the limitations of antibiotic strategies that can worsen intestinal dysbiosis and impair immune functions, we hereby propose the use of a recombinant probiotic capable of mimicking repressive conditions of GUS through an inducible plasmid vector.
In Vitro Antimicrobial Screening of Benzoylthioureas: Synthesis, Antibacterial Activity toward Streptococcus agalactiae and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Biasi‐Garbin Renata P. , Fabris Marciéli , Morguette Ana Elisa B. , Andriani Gabriella M. , Cabral Weslei R. C. , Pereira Patrícia M. L. , Brito Tiago O. , Macedo Fernando , Da Silva Lima Camilo H. , Lancheros César A. C. , Nakamura Celso V. , Pinge‐Filho Phileno , Tavares Eliandro R. , Yamauchi Lucy M. , Bispo Marcelle L. F. , Yamada‐Ogatta Sueli F.
Published: September 2022

Herein, twenty‐six benzoylthioureas were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against different bacterial and fungal species. Two 4‐substituted benzoylthiourea, one benzoylurea and one benzoylguanidine derivatives were further synthesized to identify the most promising compound. Eight compounds were active against at least one microbial species tested. N‐(butylcarbamothioyl)‐benzamide (1 e) exhibited the best antimicrobial activity towards Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus‐GBS), including clinical isolates susceptible or resistant to clindamycin and/or erythromycin and azithromycin. 1 e presented a bacteriostatic effect, causing morphological and ultrastructural alterations on planktonic cells, and decreased the metabolic activity of GBS biofilms. No hemolytic and cytotoxicity to mammalian cells were detected for 1 e, that also displayed drug‐likeness properties. Molecular docking was performed on Streptococcus pneumoniae enoyl‐ACP reductase obtained by homology modeling. 1 e showed relevant interactions with the GBS enoyl‐ACP reductase enzyme. N‐(butylcarbamothioyl)‐benzamide may be a good starting point for the development of new antimicrobials against GBS.
Use of Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates in the Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocyclic Structures
Authors: Rezvanian Atieh , Khodadadi Behnoosh , Tafreshi Sepideh
Published: September 2022

Dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates (DAAD) are the class of acetylenic compounds that are broadly used in organic synthesis in a noticeable quantity. Their wide application has made them an important moiety in heterocyclic compounds and drug discovery programs. Dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate is a di‐ester in which the ester groups are conjugated with a carbon‐carbon triple bond. As such, the molecule is very electrophilic, and is broadly used as a dienophile in various cycloaddition reactions, for example the Diels‐Alder reaction. In addition, it is a strong Michael acceptor. Due the importance of dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate in organic synthesis, we are trying to show the applications of this compound in the synthesis of different heterocycles using multicomponent reactions. In this review, we show recent advances (2016–2022) for the synthesis of various heterocycles that have different ring sizes (five, six and seven membered, Spiro and fused heterocycles), using DAAD via multicomponent reactions.
Indole Derived Anticancer Agents
Authors: Mehra Anuradha , Sharma Vikas , Verma Anil , Venugopal Sneha , Mittal Amit , Singh Gurdeep , Kaur Balwinder
Published: September 2022

Indole moiety is a magnificent nucleus in the development of anticancer drugs. The pharmacological profile of indole is excellent in targeting a wide range of proteins, enzymes. An indole has a nitrogen atom that is capable of forming hydrogen bonds with the targets emphasizing its potential. Many studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of indole in the treatment of cancer by working through various pathways. Indole‐based drugs got market approval to be used as chemotherapeutics, such as vincristine and vinblastine which encourage researchers to work on indole derivatives for cancer treatment with a better pharmacokinetic profile. This prompted us to review on indole derivatives as anticancer agents to bring out their potential derivatives under study. This study encompasses literature published between 2014 and 2021 on indole scaffold that exhibits in vitro and in vivo potential against cancer by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases. The search terms were “anticancer”, “indole”, “cell lines”, “structure‐activity relationship” and “cytotoxic activity.”
Coping profiles and differences in well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A latent profile analysis
Authors: Kenntemich Laura , von Hülsen Leonie , Schäfer Ingo , Böttche Maria , Lotzin Annett
Published: September 2022

During the current COVID‐19 pandemic, people need to cope with multiple stressors which may affect their well‐being. This study aimed (1) to identify latent coping profiles in the German general population, and (2) to investigate differences between these profiles in well‐being. In total, N = 2326 German participants were recruited as part of the European Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) ADJUST study from June to September 2020 using an online survey. Coping strategies were assessed using the Brief‐COPE and the Pandemic Coping Scale; well‐being was assessed using the WHO‐5 Well‐Being Index. Coping profiles were identified using latent profile analysis; differences between profiles were examined using the automatic BCH method and multiple group analyses. Five coping profiles were identified that included different types and numbers of coping strategies: (1) High functional coping (17.84%), (2) Moderate functional coping (40.63%), (3) High functional and religious coping (9.07%), (4) Low functional coping (22.06%), (5) Moderate functional and dysfunctional coping (10.40%). The identified profiles significantly differed in well‐being (χ2 = 503.68, p <0.001). Coping profiles indicating high functional coping were associated with greater well‐being compared to coping profiles indicating low (χ2 = 82.21, p <0.001) or primarily dysfunctional (χ2 = 354.33, p <0.001) coping. These results provide insight into how people differ in their coping strategies when dealing with stressors in an early phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The study indicates higher levels of well‐being in coping profiles with more frequent use of functional strategies. To promote well‐being in the general population, it might be beneficial to train functional coping strategies in appropriate interventions that are associated with increased well‐being.
High‐Resolution Electron Tomography of Ultrathin Boerdijk–Coxeter–Bernal Nanowire Enabled by Superthin Metal Surface Coating
Authors: Song Xiaohui , Zhang Xingyu , Chang Qiang , Yao Xin , Li Mufan , Zhang Ruopeng , Liu Xiaotao , Song Chengyu , Ng Yun Xin Angel , Ang Edison Huixiang , Ou Zihao
Published: September 2022

The rapid advancement of transmission electron microscopy has resulted in revolutions in a variety of fields, including physics, chemistry, and materials science. With single‐atom resolution, 3D information of each atom in nanoparticles is revealed, while 4D electron tomography is shown to capture the atomic structural kinetics in metal nanoparticles after phase transformation. Quantitative measurements of physical and chemical properties such as chemical coordination, defects, dislocation, and local strain have been made. However, due to the incompatibility of high dose rate with other ultrathin morphologies, such as nanowires, atomic electron tomography has been primarily limited to quasi‐spherical nanoparticles. Herein, the 3D atomic structure of a complex core–shell nanowire composed of an ultrathin Boerdijk–Coxeter–Bernal (BCB) core nanowire and a noble metal thin layer shell deposited on the BCB nanowire surface is discovered. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that a new superthin noble metal layer deposition on an ultrathin BCB nanowire could mitigate electron beam damage using an in situ transmission electron microscope and atomic resolution electron tomography. The colloidal coating method developed for electron tomography can be broadly applied to protect the ultrathin nanomaterials from electron beam damage, benefiting both the advanced material characterizations and enabling fundamental in situ mechanistic studies.
Polymeric Dendrimers as Nanocarrier Vectors for Neurotheranostics
Authors: Li Hengde , Zha Shuai , Li Haolan , Liu Haitao , Wong Ka‐Leung , All Angelo H.
Published: September 2022

Dendrimers are polymers with well‐defined 3D branched structures that are vastly utilized in various neurotheranostics and biomedical applications, particularly as nanocarrier vectors. Imaging agents can be loaded into dendrimers to improve the accuracy of diagnostic imaging processes. Likewise, combining pharmaceutical agents and anticancer drugs with dendrimers can enhance their solubility, biocompatibility, and efficiency. Practically, by modifying ligands on the surface of dendrimers, effective therapeutic and diagnostic platforms can be constructed and implemented for targeted delivery. Dendrimer‐based nanocarriers also show great potential in gene delivery. Since enzymes can degrade genetic materials during their blood circulation, dendrimers exhibit promising packaging and delivery alternatives, particularly for central nervous system (CNS) treatments. The DNA and RNA encapsulated in dendrimers represented by polyamidoamine that are used for targeted brain delivery, via chemical‐structural adjustments and appropriate generation, significantly improve the correlation between transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity. This article reports a comprehensive review of dendrimers’ structures, synthesis processes, and biological applications. Recent progress in diagnostic imaging processes and therapeutic applications for cancers and other CNS diseases are presented. Potential challenges and future directions in the development of dendrimers, which provide the theoretical basis for their broader applications in healthcare, are also discussed.
Boosting Charge Transfer Via Heterostructure Engineering of Ti2CTx/Na2Ti3O7 Nanobelts Array for Superior Sodium Storage Performance
Authors: Wang Wenqing , He Shu‐ang , Cui Zhe , Liu Qian , Yuen Muk Fung , Zhu Jinqi , Wang Hao , Gao Mengluan , Luo Wei , Hu Junqing , Zou Rujia
Published: September 2022

The poor conductivity, inert charge transmission efficiency, and irreversible Na+ trapping of Na2Ti3O7 result in retardant electrons/ions transportation and deficient sodium‐ion storage efficiency, leading to sluggish reaction kinetics. To address these issues, an urchin‐like Ti2CTx/Na2Ti3O7 (Ti2C/NTO) heterostructure sphere consisting of Ti2C/NTO heterostructure nanobelts array is developed via a facile one‐step in situ hydrothermal strategy. The Ti2C/NTO heterostructure can obviously decrease Na+ diffusion barriers and increase electronic conductivity to improve reaction kinetics due to the built‐in electric field effect and high‐quantity interface region. In addition, the urchin‐like vertically aligned nanobelts can reduce the diffusion distance of electrons and ions, provide favored electrolyte infiltration, adapt large volume expansion, and mitigate the aggregation to maintain structural stability during cycles, further enhancing the reaction kinetics. Furthermore, the Ti2C/NTO heterostructure can effectively suppress many unwanted side reactions between reactive surface sites of NTO and electrolyte as well as irreversible trapping of Na+. As a result, systematic electrochemical investigations demonstrate that the Ti2C/NTO heterostructure as an anode material for record sodium‐ion storage delivers the highest reversible capacity, the best cycling stability with 0.0065% decay rate for 4500 cycles at 2.0 A g–1, and excellent rate capability of 172.1 mAh g–1 at 10.0 A g–1.
Post‐fire Mechanical Behaviors and the Mechanism of their Influence on a 690 MPa Grade High‐Strength Steel for High‐Rise Buildings
Authors: Zhu Wenting , Cui Junjun , Feng Yang , Zhao Yang , Chen Zhenye , Chen Liqing
Published: September 2022

Herein, the residual mechanical behaviors of a 690 MPa grade high‐strength steel after exposure to fire for an extended duration are investigated, and the factors affecting their variation based on the theories of metallurgy are explored. The corresponding tensile properties and microstructure tests are conducted on this steel soaked at 300–900 °C for 3 h and then cooled in air. The results show that there is negligible influence of temperature on residual mechanical properties at 600 °C or lower. It can be considered that the critical fire temperature is 600 °C, beyond which the strength decreases sharply. This can be attributed to the formation of ferrite and grain coarsening. However, at 900 °C, its residual strength can still maintain approximately half of that at room temperature. It is related to the contribution from fine nanoscaled precipitates of 10–40 nm in size. Compared with steels having the same nominal yield strength, the dependence of residual mechanical properties on elevated temperatures for this steel varies due to the difference in microstructure characteristics. New predicted equations are proposed for this novel structural steel to guide on better prediction of residual mechanical properties in steel structure systems.
The effect of individual harvest on crippling losses
Authors: Ellis Matthew B. , Miller Craig A. , Pallazza Samantha G.
Published: September 2022

Crippling loss (waterfowl downed, but not retrieved) is a recognized component of waterfowl harvest, but there are few contemporary estimates. We used a zero‐inflated negative binomial model to account for false reporting of zeros and estimated waterfowl crippling losses from harvest data reported in a 2018–2019 survey of waterfowl hunters in Illinois, USA. We found that crippling rates declined rapidly with increasing harvest and moderately with increasing days afield. For the most active hunters (days afield), the probability of falsely reporting zero crippling loss increased with the number of ducks they reported harvesting, whereas for the least active hunters we found the reverse. We suggest that modest improvements in hunter skill could produce significant reductions in crippling loss.
Li16Sr6Ge6N, Li16Sr6Ge6.5 and related lithium alkaline‐earth metal tetrelides: Alternative filling of voids by nitride or tetrelide ions
Authors: Höhn Peter , Pathak Manisha , Prots Yurii , Ovchinnikov Alexander , Schmidt Marcus , Bobnar Matej , Krnel Mitja , Ormeci Alim , Niewa Rainer
Published: September 2022

Large black single crystals with a metallic luster of Li16Sr6Ge6N and several other representatives of the series Li16Ae6Tt6N and Li16Ae6Tt6.5 (Ae=Ca, Sr; Tt=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) were grown from mixtures of the respective elements with addition of binary alkaline‐earth metal nitrides or lithium nitride in the case of the nitrides. For the synthesis a modified high‐temperature centrifugation‐aided filtration (HTCAF) technique using reactive lithium melts was employed. These metallic phases crystallize in an ordered defect‐variant of the Sc11Ir4 type with selective occupation of the smaller octahedral voids in the origin (000) with N and the larger rhombic dodecahedral voids in (00
) with Tt. Charge balance assuming the presence of exclusively closed shell ions for all examples accounts for an electronic excess. Diamagnetism despite metallic properties is consistent with results from electronic structure calculations.
Interior of helical black holes
Authors: Liu Yan , Lyu Hong-Da
Published: September 2022

Abstract

We study the interior structure of five dimensional neutral helical black holes in Einstein gravity and charged helical black holes in Einstein-Maxwell gravity. Inside the neutral helical black holes, the systems evolve to a stable spacelike Kasner singularity. The metric field related to the helical deformation strength exhibits oscillation behavior close to the horizon at low temperature and small helical deformation strength. Inside the charged helical black holes, we show that the inner Cauchy horizon can not exist. The systems also evolve from the horizon to a stable Kasner singularity. We find that the oscillations can exist and there is a special feature that the oscillations occur near the horizon and before the collapse of the Einstein-Rosen bridge for the charged helical black holes.
FC-groups with Few Subnormal Non-normal Subgroups
Authors: Brescia Mattia
Published: September 2022

A group G is said to be an FC-group if every conjugacy class of G has finite order and is said to be a T-group if every subnormal subgroup is normal in G. In this paper we give a characterization of groups that are both FC-groups and T-groups and go further in the study of FC-groups with few subnormal non-normal subgroups in the sense of the chain conditions. The structure of FC-groups satisfying the maximal, the minimal and the double chain condition on subnormal non-normal subgroups will be described.