bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tava Guarani: de lugar simbólico a Patrimônio Cultural do MERCOSUL
Authors: Faller Tagarro Helena Amanda
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo traz uma breve discussão acerca do reconhecimento da Tava Guarani como Patrimônio Cultural do MERCOSUL. A Tava está localizada no município de São Miguel das Missões/RS e faz parte do conjunto do Patrimônio Missioneiro. O Patrimônio Missioneiro, por sua vez, é composto por quatro sítios históricos tombados pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, sendo os quatro também reconhecidos pelo MERCOSUL e um deles reconhecido como Patrimônio Mundial pela UNESCO. Além disso, há também o registro da Tava como Patrimônio Imaterial Brasileiro pelo IPHAN e, mais recentemente, seu reconhecimento como Patrimônio Cultural do MERCOSUL. Assim, a proposta deste estudo é de apresentar a importância da candidatura e, consequentemente, do reconhecimento da Tava para o MERCOSUL, considerando o interesse do bloco de fomentar a integração entre seus Estados-Partes em diferentes áreas, inclusive a cultura. Para isso, consta também um breve apontamento acerca do funcionamento do MERCOSUL Cultural, órgão interno responsável pelos reconhecimentos dos bens culturais. Esse artigo é fruto da pesquisa de mestrado que vem sendo desenvolvido, em que se busca compreender a participação do Brasil, enquanto Estado nacional, no âmbito dos reconhecimentos dos patrimônios em nível internacional.Palavras–chave: Patrimônio, Reconhecimento, MERCOSUL.Abstract The article brings a discussion of the recognition of Tava Guarani as Cultural Heritage of MERCOSUR. Tava is located in the municipality of São Miguel das Missões/RS and is part of the set of Missionary Heritage. The Missionary Heritage, in turn, is composed of four registered historical sites by the National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute (IPHAN), being all also recognised by MERCOSUR and one of them recognised as World Heritage by UNESCO. Besides, there is also the registration of Tava as Brazilian Intangible Heritage by IPHAN and, more recently, its recognition as a Cultural Heritage of MERCOSUR. Thus, the proposal of this study is to present the importance of the application and, consequently, the recognition of Tava for MERCOSUR, considering the interest of the block to promote the integration among its States Parties in different areas, including culture. In this regard, there is also a brief note about the functioning of MERCOSUR Cultural, an internal entity responsible for the recognition of cultural assets. This article is the result of the master's research that has been developed, which seeks to understand the participation of Brazil, as a national State, in the scope of recognising the heritages at the international level.Keywords: Heritage, Recognition, MERCOSUR.
Jogos sérios e temáticas sociais: desenvolvimento e avaliação preliminar de um jogo que aborda o tema machismo e suas reflexões provocadas
Authors: Oliveira Bruno , Sidarta Izac , Farias Emili , Fernandes Rosilene , Lima Pedro , Dos Santos Alysson Diniz
Published: October 2019

Jogos sérios oferecem potencialidades interessantes para informar as pessoas sobre temas sociais emergentes. Por exemplo, eles oferecem interatividade através da jogabilidade, um recurso distintivo, que pode envolver ativamente o jogador. Nesse contexto, o foco deste estudo é detalhar a concepção, desenvolvimento e avaliação preliminar do jogo "A Batalha de Ma´Sohora". O jogo pretende oferecer uma experiência de jogo que provoque reflexões sobre o chauvinismo masculino e está planejado para ser estendido para incluir outros temas relevantes.
Smart Wearables for Tennis Game Performance Analysis
Authors: Kos Marko , Kramberger Iztok
Published: October 2019

For monitoring the progress of athletes in various sports and disciplines, several different approaches are nowadays available. Recently, miniature wearables have gained popularity for this task due to being lightweight and typically cheaper than other approaches. They can be positioned on the athlete’s body, or in some cases, the devices are incorporated into sports requisites, like tennis racquet handles, balls, baseball bats, gloves, etc. Their purpose is to monitor the performance of an athlete by gathering essential information during match or training. In this chapter, the focus will be on the different possibilities of tennis game monitoring analysis. A miniature wearable device, which is worn on a player’s wrist during the activity, is going to be presented and described. The smart wearable device monitors athletes’ arm movements with sampling the output of the 6 DOF IMU. Parallel to that, it also gathers biometric information like pulse rate and skin temperature. All the collected information is stored locally on the device during the sports activity. Later, it can be downloaded to a PC and transferred to a cloud-based service, where visualization of the recorded data and more detailed game/training statistics can be performed.
Em tempos de guerra e de paz: a Educação Especial em Angola
Authors: D´avila Daniela Antonello Lobo , Pantoja Selma Alves , Carvalho Paulo De
Published: October 2019

Este estudo investiga a construção das políticas educacionais voltadas à Educação Especial no Sistema Educacional de Ensino (SEE) angolano. A análise parte da inexistência dessa política desde o regime colonial às iniciativas constituídas a partir da independência do país tanto nos períodos de guerra civil como em tempos de paz. Analisa-se a trajetória do ensino especial tendo por fonte os documentos oficiais do governo angolano com o intuito de identificar os significados das formulações em relação à conjuntura política e econômica nos diferentes momentos da história do país. Metodologicamente, trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, na qual os documentos oficiais são analisados sob a ótica da análise crítica do discurso. A temática do ensino especial foi contemplada no âmbito dos aspectos normativos institucionais durante a I e a II República, caracterizando marcos históricos à compreensão dos rumos da Educação Especial. Contudo, o desenvolvimento educacional em meio à instabilidade política e econômica devido à guerra civil fragilizou a implementação das políticas de Educação Especial. Com a instauração da paz, o governo angolano investiu na elaboração e aprovação de documentos e legislações voltados ao ensino especial e registrou, nos doze anos do pós-guerra (2002-2014), um aumento expressivo de 284% dos alunos da Educação Especial matriculados. Pode-se afirmar que a efetiva implementação da Educação Especial ocorre com o fim da guerra civil, com a formação de professores, com a aprovação de políticas públicas e a influência advinda de parcerias com as agências das Nações Unidas, além de cooperações técnicas com o chamado Sul Global.
Da ambiguidade discursiva às possibilidades de ação no campo da Educação Inclusiva em Portugal
Authors: Prychodco Robson Celestino , Fernandes Preciosa , Bittencourt Zilda Lourenço de Camargo
Published: October 2019

Historicamente, o atendimento de alunos com deficiências e/ou com Necessidades Educativas Especiais (NEE) esteve remetido à respostas amparadas em visões segregacionistas e excludentes (Freitas, 2008). Contudo, uma nova compreensão, alicerçada no reconhecimento e no respeito da diversidade, pôs no centro do debate político e acadêmico propósitos de uma Educação Inclusiva (Ainscow, 2009) requerendo das escolas e professores respostas educativas diferenciadas. Para compreender esta mudança paradigmática recorre-se a uma leitura que relaciona os modelos biomédico, social e biopsicossocial (De Marco, 2006) com os paradigmas educativos da exclusão, integração e inclusão (Sassaki, 2006). Tendo este enquadramento por base, o artigo apresenta um estudo realizado com 12 professoras que trabalham no campo da Educação Inclusiva na região do Grande Porto-Portugal. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa que teve como objetivos: identificar as concepções de Educação Inclusiva das professoras e compreender, numa relação com os Modelos Biomédico, Social e Biopsicossocial, quais as possibilidades para concretização dessa filosofia educativa no cotidiano escolar Após a coleta dos dados, que se deu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, os discursos foram transcritos e analisados com suporte do Software Nvivo. Os resultados apontam para uma ambiguidade discursiva que se reflete não apenas nas concepções das professoras relativamente à educação inclusiva, como também, relaciona-se às práticas no campo da intervenção na escola.
Perfil acadêmico dos estudantes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista no Ensino Superior matriculados em 2016
Authors: Silva Solange Cristina da , Schneider Daniela Ribeiro , Kaszubowiski Erikson , Nuernberg Adriano Henrique
Published: October 2019

Este artigo objetiva mapear o perfil socioacadêmico dos estudantes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) matriculados no ensino superior em 2016. Visa medir a proporção de ingresso, trancamento e cancelamento das matrículas no período de 2011 a 2016, por meio dos microdados do Censo da Educação Superior do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP). O estudo quantitativo, configura-se como pesquisa de levantamento de dados de natureza descritiva. Os estudantes com TEA que acessa o ensino superior têm idade de ingresso similar aos neurotípicos (a moda de idade de ingresso em 2016 de ambos era de 18 anos). Na sua maioria, entram por meio de vestibular (58%, n=359, sem imputação; 55%, n=817, com imputação), em IES privadas (59%, n=362, sem imputação; 75%, n=1.033, com imputação), em cursos presenciais (89%, n=546, sem imputação; 84%, n=1.149, com imputação), majoritariamente na área de Ciências Sociais, Negócios e Direito (25%, n=155, sem imputação; 32%, n=431, com imputação). Entre 2011 e 2016, o número de estudantes com TEA aumentou até 2013, com posterior redução e estabilização até 2016. A proporção de matrículas trancadas ou canceladas foi relativamente menor do que entre estudantes neurotípicos. Ao se apresentar o perfil socioacadêmico desses estudantes no ensino superior, busca-se refletir sobre as barreiras e os facilitadores de acesso e permanência na graduação, contribuindo para o aprimoramento de ações e políticas públicas, para que, cada vez mais, esse grupo faça parte do contexto educacional acadêmico com qualidade.
La sociologie de l’éducation au croisement de la sociologie de l’action publique : apports des cadres pour une typologie des systèmes d’accountability
Authors: Voisin Annelise , Maroy Christian
Published: October 2019

Au Québec, les travaux en sciences de l’éducation qui se sont intéressés au développement des politiques de régulation de l’éducation par les résultats s’inscrivent majoritairement dans le champ de l’administration scolaire. Notre analyse comparative des formes que revêtent les systèmes d’accountability emprunte quant à elle aux cadres et méthodes de la sociologie. Nous avons ainsi mobilisé la sociologie de l’action publique et une entrée par les instruments d’action publique pour élaborer une typologie descriptive qui permet de situer les systèmes d’éducation des pays d’Europe et du Canada au sein de quatre types empiriques d’accountability à partir des données du PISA 2012. Cette typologie permet ainsi d’embrasser un grand nombre de systèmes éducatifs (59 systèmes d’éducation) assez peu étudiés sous l’angle de l’accountability dans une perspective comparative. La mise en dialogue de nos résultats à lumière d’idéaux types de régulation nous permet par ailleurs de mettre en discussion deux approches typologiques distinctes mobilisant néanmoins des cadres similaires. Finalement nous discutons de l’intérêt d’un dialogue entre sciences de l’éducation, sociologie de l’action publique et sociologie de l’éducation.
KAVASAKIJEVA BOLEST
Authors: Janić Dragana
Published: October 2019

Kavasakijeva bolest (KB) je akutni sistemski vaskulitis krvnih sudova srednjeg kalibrakoji prevashodno pogađa decu uzrasta do 5 godina (Hedrich i sar., 2018). Reč je ojednom od najčešćih oblika vaskulitisa u dečjoj dobi (uz Henoh-Šenlajnovu purpuru).Oboljenje je dobilo ime po Tomakisuu Kavasakiju, koji je 1967. godine izvorno opisaopedesetoro dece s ovim oblikom vaskulitisa (Kawasaki, 1967). Glavne odlike KB supovišena telesna temperatura, promene na koži i sluzokožama, konjunktivitis i vratnalimfadenopatija. Mada svi arterijski krvni sudovi u organizmu mogu da budu zahvaćenizapaljenjskim procesom, oboljenje najčešće pogađa koronarne arterije, čijim oštećenjemmože da izazove ozbiljne sekvele usled stvaranja aneurizme.KB češće pogađa dečake nego devojčice. Prosečna incidencija u Evropi iznosi 5-10na 100.000 dece uzrasta do 5 godina (Singh i sar., 2015), dok u Japanu dostiže oko 250na 100.000 (Makino i sar., 2015).
PANDAS SY (PEDIJATRIJSKI AUTOIMUNI NEUROPSIHIJATRIJSKI POREMEĆAJ UDRUŽEN SA STREPTOKOKNOM INFEKCIJOM)
Authors: Stanimirović Barbara , Đukić Dario , Bobić Vanja
Published: October 2019

Pedijatrijski autoimuni neuropsihijatrijski poremećaj udružen sa streptokoknominfekcijom (PANDAS) je grupa oboljenja, definisana u skorije vrijeme a koja se manifestujeneurološkim i neuropsihijatrijskim manifestacijama: hiperaktivnost, promjeneraspoloženja, tik, opsesivno-kompulzivni poremećaj, psihoza i dr. Cilj je opisati kliničkemanifestacije, terapijski pristup, laboratorijske analize, klinički tok i ishod kod dječakasa PANDAS sindromom.
NAŠE DVADESETOGODIŠNJE ISKUSTVO U PROVOĐENJU BABY-FRIENDLY PROGRAMA
Authors: Kuzmić Trubajić Milijana , Višekruna Ljubo , Savić Duška , Milošević Veroslava , Gajić Miroslav , Rajin Draško
Published: October 2019

Dojenje je prirodni nastavak trudnoće i predstavlja najljepšu i najčvršću vezu izmeđumajke i djeteta do kraja života. Njime su zadovoljene sve bebine potrebe za hranljivimmaterijama (osim vitamina D i K) do šestog mjeseca života.Ranijim načinom zbrinjavanja novorođenčeta dojenje je neopravdano često bilouskraćeno: odvajanje majke i novorođenčeta odmah poslije poroda, odvojen boravaknovorođenčadi u porodilištu, hranjenje beba adaptiranim formulama u porodilištu,izostanak edukacije i promocije dojenja, modni trendovi. Nedovoljna su bila i saznanjamladih o trudnoći, dojenju i brizi za potomstvo. Nizak stepen i rani prestanak dojenjaimaju značajne negativne zdravstvene i društvene posljedice za žene, djecu i okolinu.Pošto se uočio problem, SZO i UNICEF su pokrenuli organizacionu akciju čiji jecilj provođenje Globalne strategije za prehranu dojenčadi i male djece kroz povratakdojenju. U tu svrhu su donesene inicijative koje imaju za cilj promociju, podršku i zaštitudojenja – The innocent declaration, Baby Friendly inicijativa. BFHI plus obuhvatakorake neophodne da bi se obezbijedilo dojenje i ishrana majčinim mlijekom i zabolesnu, prijevremeno rođenu djecu. Pravo na optimalnu ishranu je jedno od osnovnihprava djeteta i ključna komponenta u Globalnoj strategiji za zdravlje žena, djece iadolescenata 2016-2030.
Factors Associated with and Barriers to the Journal Publication of Oral Abstracts from the American Podiatric Medical Association
Authors: Rushing Calvin J. , Arena Tom , Spinner Steven M. , Hardigan Patrick
Published: October 2019

Not all abstracts accepted for oral presentation at the annual conference of the American Podiatric Medical Association ultimately go on to successfully navigate the peer-review process to achieve journal publication despite its obvious merits. The purpose of the present study was to identify the factors associated with and barriers to journal publication and time to publication for oral abstracts from the American Podiatric Medical Association conference from 2010 to 2014. Databases containing information on the abstracts were procured and predictor variables categorized as abstract- or author-specific. Bivariate analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test, chi-square test of independence, or Spearman rank correlation. Multivariable logistic regression and generalized linear regression models were used to analyze predictor variables. A questionnaire was distributed to the primary authors of any unpublished abstracts to determine the current status of the abstract, in addition to the reasons for the failure to pursue or achieve journal publication. Overall, oral abstracts by authors without a formal research degree were published more often than abstracts by authors with a research degree, as were funded projects (P = .031). No other associations were identified between any of the abstract- and author-specific variables and successful conversion of an oral abstract to a journal publication or the time to publication. Six barriers questionnaires were completed. At the time of the survey, two oral abstracts had since achieved publication, two had been submitted for publication but were rejected, and two had never been submitted. The principal reason cited by the authors for the failure to pursue or achieve journal publication was insufficient time for manuscript preparation.
INTEGRATED SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: KRSTIĆ IVAN , STOJKOVIĆ ANA
Published: October 2019

An integrated management system refers to the application of several different international standards, and it contributes to efficient and effective organizational management. The Quality Standards were first developed at the end of the twentieth century; however, due to social, political and many other reasons, the The International Organization for Standardization has also developed standards related to occupational health and safety, environmental protection, information security, risk management, energy efficiency, etc. Since all of these standards are process-oriented, there is an emerging need to simplify their implementation. Similarly, valid versions of ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and ISO 45001 standards identical in structure have been adopted in the last five years, which facilitated their integrated implementation and application. This paper describes a concept of integrated management system through a standardized safety management system.
Key words: ISO standards, management, safety, integration
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH IN THE SYSTEM OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA - BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: VAJKIĆ MILE , VRANJEŠ BILJANA , NIKOLIĆ VESNA , ĐAPAN MARKO
Published: October 2019

Occupational safety and health education is essential throughout the formal education system, and especially in the vocational secondary education system. Secondary education and training for occupational safety and health involves acquiring specific knowledge and developing certain psychophysical skills, abilities, and habits for safe work, protection of health and beyond, the environment (broader and more complex aspects of natural-scientific, technical-technological and social knowledge), development of occupational, health and environmental awareness, ethics and culture vocational guidance and psychophysical preparation according to the requirements of cultural and safe behavior in the work and environment - in the profession and occupation for which the student expressed a certain interest and ability, etc. The acquired knowledge is a good basis for their further expansion and improvement both in the work environment and in the system higher education. An analysis of the current situation in Republika Srpska shows that the contents of occupational safety and health are studied integrally - within the other subject areas of secondary vocational education. The results of the research imply the need and importance of introducing special subject contents for occupational safety in the system of secondary vocational education in Republika Srpska.
Keywords: occupational safety and health, secondary vocational education, students
Analysis Relative Strength Index and Earning Per Share on Stock Price
Authors: Badruzaman Jajang
Published: October 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of the Relative Strength Index and Earnig Per Share on Stock Prices. The research design used is a quantitative approach with a population of all companies in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) category listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2013-2016 periods. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Based on the criteria set, 13 companies were obtained. The results showed that the Relative Strength Index and Earnig Per Share had a significant positive effect on Stock Prices in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) company on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the Period 2013-2016.
On the Mathematical Model of the Biomechanics of Green Plants
Authors: Uka N. O. , Olisa J. D.
Published: October 2019

This study considers the biomechanics in the stem of green plants. The process of translocation and transpiration is discussed. The coupled non-linear differential equations governing the motion of the flow were non-dimensionlized and then solved using the homotopy perturbation method. The effects of various parameters such as Schmidt number, porosity, buoyancy forces (thermal and concentration Grashof numbers) and aspect ratio embedded in the flow were examined on the concentration field. The results showed that increasing the porosity, Schmidt number, Sherwood number and aspect ratio resulted to a decrease in the concentration field whereas increase in the buoyancy forces had a positive effect on the flow by increasing its concentration and hence enhancing the growth and productivity of the plant.
Anti-oxidant and Anti-microbial Activities of Silver Nanoparticles of Essential Oil Extracts from Leaves of Zanthoxylum ovalifolium
Authors: Theerthavathy B. S. , Arakhanum Shaukath , Ravi Kumar B. S. , Ravi Kiran S.
Published: October 2019

Aim: The present study was aimed to synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Zanthoxylum ovalifolium leaf essential oil extracts and to screen the anti-oxidant and antimicrobial potential of the same.

Place and Duration of Study: The studies were carried out at Department of Botany, AVK College for Women, Hassan and Department of Biochemistry, Aurora’s Degree & PG College, Hyderabad from July 2017 to June 2018

Methodology: The essential oil from leaves of Zanthoxylum ovalifolium was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles of essential oil extract was carried out and characterized by using UV-VIS spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).  The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated in all the extracts. Furthermore, all the extracts were evaluated for anti-microbial activity against two gram-positive and two gram-negative bacteria and four pathogenic fungi using agar disc diffusion technique. Subsequently the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined.

Results: The major compounds identified were Limonene, isofenchol, Geijerene, isothujanol,  Borneol, dihydrocarveol, isobornyl acetate, pregeijerene, b-elemene, trans-caryophyllene and Germacrene D. The TEM analysis of nanoparticles synthesized showed a size of 8 to 14 nm with a  lmax of 450nm. All the extracts were evaluated for in vitro anti-oxidant activity where the AgNP of essential oil extract showed maximum activity of 89.61% and 84.92% respectively for both DPPH free radical scavenging and Hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging assays at a concentration of 100µg/ml. Among all the bacteria tested, B. subtilis was most susceptible at 100µg/ml with zone of inhibition of 22.5mm. While among all the fungi tested, A. niger inhibited more effectively by the AgNP of essential oil extract at 100µg/ml with a zone of inhibition of 16.2mm.

Conclusion: The results obtained were remarkable suggesting that AgNP of essential oil extract possess excellent anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activity and can be an alternative bio-friendly source for various pharmaceutical industries.
Method of Area Frame Sampling Using Probability Proportional to Size Sampling Technique for Crops’ Surveys: A Case Study in Pakistan
Authors: Qayyum Abdul , Jamil Shera H. M. Muddasar
Published: October 2019

The Crops’ estimates have been greatly concerned by the Government of Punjab (Pakistan) all the times. Crop Reporting Service (CRS), Agriculture Department, Punjab, as a unique and the largest statistical organization in Punjab, has been working on agricultural statistics using the sampling technique, List Frame Sampling (LFS), for conducting surveys to gather information regarding crops acreage, cost of production, crops yield and other agricultural items since 1978. The development of the rural economy in Pakistan brings new problems and challenges to the methods of agricultural statistics. The back bone of agricultural statistics is the sampling technique, LFS, in which primary sampling unit is a village and an enumerator has to survey the whole village whatever the size of the village causing an increase in non-sampling error. In spite of the sufficient area coverage, representation of population in the sample is not satisfactory. The solution is Area Frame Sampling Technique in which primary sampling unit is a Segment of a specific acreage covering maximum dimensions of the population land. In this paper a method of Area Frame Sampling (AFS) has been proposed. As most of the research papers focus on the method of AFS through Geographical Information System (GIS) technique. But in this paper two-stage statistical sampling technique has been used to achieve the same objective in an efficient and economical way. In the first stage Probability Proportional to Size Sampling (PPS) has been used. Here size is cropped area of a Union Council (UC), the smallest geographical cluster in Punjab, Pakistan. In the second stage Simple Random Sampling (SRS) has been used. Here Primary Sampling Units are Segments of land of a village. The results show that the problem of non-representation of agricultural land is minimized and, consequently, getting better estimates in terms of precision using less amount of land data. It is recommended that this method can be extended for multiple stages of sampling and for multiple measures of sizes.
Amino Acid Transporters: Roles for Nutrition, Signalling and Epigenetic Modifications in Embryonic Stem Cells and Their Progenitors
Authors: Van Winkle Lon J , Ryznar Rebecca
Published: October 2019

Amino acids serve both to nourish and as signalling molecules in cells and, consequently, so do their biomembrane transporters. In fact, some of these transporters may initiate signalling while transporting an amino acid substrate rather than serving simply to transport a signalling molecule. Most amino acid transporters now appear to have been cloned, and virtually all the cloned transporters are listed in solute carrier tables for easy access online. The characteristics of the transporters as they are expressed normally in cells do not always correspond to the characteristics of cloned transporters, however, and their transport and signalling functions will likely continue to emerge long after all transporters have been identified. For example, amino acids are metabolised to products that regulate DNA and specific epigenetic histone modifications in embryonic stem cells in order to maintain their proliferation and pluripotency. Alterations in these histone modifications may be expressed in a transgenerational manner and include both intracellular and extracellular histone actions.

Key Concepts

At least 60 genes in 12 gene families encode amino acid transporters (see tables at
http://slc.bioparadigms.org/
).

An amino acid may be listed as a substrate for a cloned transporter in these tables even though its transport has not been studied in detail.

The characteristics of cloned amino acid transporters may not correspond to the ways they function in cellular physiology.

Embryonic stem cells and their progenitors require specific environmental amino acids to remain undifferentiated.

Metabolism of the required amino acids produce products that regulate DNA and specific epigenetic histone modifications needed to maintain stem cell proliferation and pluripotency.

Mouse embryonic stem cells take up the threonine they require via at least three obligate exchange amino acid transporters.

Human embryonic stem cells take up the methionine they need via amino acid transporter(s) that warrant full characterisation.

A maternal low protein diet during pre‐ and peri‐implantation development of embryos likely alters epigenetic DNA and histone modifications in embryonic stem progenitor cells.

These epigenetic DNA and histone alterations help to cause metabolic syndrome and related disorders, and they are likely transgenerational.

Extracellular as well as intracellular histone actions may influence transgenerational phenotype.
Bacterial Primosome
Authors: Tanaka Taku , Masai Hisao
Published: October 2019

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) replication requires operation of molecular machinery which efficiently elongates nucleotide chains on both strands. This process requires not only the enzymes synthesising DNA (DNA polymerases) but also those providing primer RNAs (ribonucleic acid) and continuously melting the duplex DNA. The primosome refers to a protein complex capable of processive unwinding of duplex DNA and primer RNA synthesis on the lagging strand at a replication fork. The prepriming proteins, DNA helicase and primase are sequentially assembled on the template DNA to generate a primosome. Once assembled, it, in conjunction with DNA polymerases, facilitates DNA chain elongation. The assembly of bacterial primosome is triggered by an ‘initiator’ protein including DnaA or PriA, which recognises the site of assembly. Primosome is assembled also in replication restart process at stalled or processed replication forks, triggered by PriA. Primosome constitutes an essential component for active replication fork machinery. Recent advances in this field provide structural basis regarding how these factors function during the assembly of a primosome on viral origins as well as during the restart from the stalled DNA replication forks. These new knowledges provide important insight into how replication forks are protected from various genotoxic agents in eukaryotes.

Key Concepts

Replication fork is the site of DNA replication where DNA synthesis occurs, and primosome is its integral component.

Primosome is capable of duplex DNA unwinding and primer RNA synthesis at the replication fork.

In bacteria, replication is normally initiated at a single locus,oriC, on the genome.

Bacterial DNA replication is initiated by an initiator, DnaA, which generates aoriC‐primosome.

The stalled DNA replication fork needs to be swiftly detected and rescued to prevent its collapse and to ensure the completion of genome replication.

Another primosome mediated by PriA serves for reassembly of replication fork at a stalled fork in bacteria.

Bacterial genomes can be replicated by an alternative mode that involves RNA‐DNA hybrids.

Primosomes in eukaryotes may be more complex, but essential components would be conserved.
D
esulfocucumaceae fam. nov.
Authors: Watanabe Miho , Fukui Manabu , Kuever Jan
Published: October 2019

De.sul.fo.cu.cu.ma.ce'ae. N.L. masc. n.
Desulfocucumis
type genus of the family; suff.
‐aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Desulfocucumaceae
the family of
Desulfocucumis
.

Desulfotomaculota (Firmicutes_B) / Desulfotomaculia / Desulfotomaculales / Desulfocucumaceae / Desulfocucumaceae fam. nov.

Cells are curved rods to vibrios. Gram‐stain‐negative. Spherical spores occur at the cell terminals. Motile with peritrichous flagella. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory type of metabolism. Mesophilic and neutrophilic. NaCl is not required for growth. Chemolithoautotroph or chemoorganotroph using organic acids, yeast extract, and alcohols. Substrate oxidation is complete. Sulfate, thiosulfate, and elemental sulfur are used as electron acceptors and are reduced to sulfide. Grows fermentatively on organic acids. Desulfoviridin is absent. Branched‐chain fatty acids are the major cellular fatty acids. Major menaquinone is MK‐7. The family currently accommodates a single genus
Desulfocucumis
. The type species of the genus
Desulfocucumis
was isolated from marsh soil.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 46.6

Type genus
:
Desulfocucumis
Watanabe, Kojima and Fukui 2017, 2681
VP
.
D
esulfobacter
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: October 2019

De.sul.fo.bac'ter. L. pref.
de
from L. neut. n.
sulfur
; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
rod or staff; N.L. masc. n.
Desulfobacter
, a rod‐shaped sulfate‐reducing bacterium.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulfobacteraceae / Desulfobacter

Oval‐to‐rod‐shaped or slightly curved‐to‐vibrio‐shaped cells, 0.5–2.5 × 1.5–8 µm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Gram‐stain‐negative. Cells are nonmotile or motile by a single polar flagellum. Strict anaerobe with a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophs or chemolithoautotrophs. Acetate is the preferred electron donor and carbon source, and it is completely oxidized to CO
2
. Some species also use ethanol, and a few species use H
2
/CO
2
or pyruvate. H
2
‐utilizing
Desulfobacter hydrogenophilus
grows autotrophically with CO
2
as the sole carbon source. Sulfate and, usually, sulfite and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Sulfur and nitrate are not used as terminal electron acceptors. Fermentative growth has not been observed. Desulfoviridin is absent, but desulforubidin is present in some species. The major type of menaquinone is MK‐7. Growth occurs in defined media containing sulfide as a reductant. Most species require vitamins. Many members of this genus can fix N
2
. The addition of ≥7 g NaCl and ≥1 g MgCl
2
·6H
2
O per liter medium is usually stimulatory or required for growth. The optimal temperature range for growth is 28–34°C. Thermophilic species have not been described. Neutrophilic. The optimal pH range for growth is 6.5–7.4. Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase activity is absent. Acetyl‐CoA oxidation in most species and CO
2
fixation with H
2
as electron donor in
D. hydrogenophilus
is accomplished via a modified tricarboxylic acid cycle cycle.
Desulfobacter
species are most common in anoxic brackish or marine sediments, but some species may be found in anoxic freshwater sediments or in activated sludge.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 44.0–49.0 (
T
m
, LC, genome).

Type species
:
Desulfobacter postgatei
Widdel 1981, 382
VP
(Effective publication: Widdel 1980, 373).
D
esulfatiferula
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: October 2019

De.sul.fa.ti.fe'ru.la. L. pref.
de
, from; N.L. n.
sulfas ‐atis
, sulfate; L. fem. n.
ferula
, a staff, a small rod; N.L. fem. n.
Desulfatiferula
, a rod‐shaped sulfate‐reducer.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulforegulaceae / Desulfatiferula

Curved rods, 0.45–0.6 µm × 0.8–5.0 µm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Gram‐stain‐negative. Motile. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory and sometimes fermentative type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophs, using short and long straight‐chain fatty acids and alkenes as carbon sources and electron donors. Long straight‐chain organic electron donors with even number of carbon atons are incompletely oxidized to acetate. One species can grow chemolithoautotrophically on H
2
+ CO
2
without acetate. Sulfate serves as terminal electron acceptor for all species and is reduced to H
2
S. Fermentative growth on pyruvate might occur. Mesophilic. Neutrophilic. Optimal growth temperature 30–32°C. Media containing a reductant are necessary for growth. Vitamins are required for growth of one species. The genus
Desulfatiferula
contains two described species.
Desulfatiferula
species occur in anoxic sediments of freshwater, brackish, and marine habitats.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 45.5–50.2 (LC).

Type species
:
Desulfatiferula olefinivorans
Cravo‐Laureau, Labat, Joulian, Matheron and Hirschler‐Rea 2007, 2701
VP
.
D
esulfopila
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: October 2019

De.sul.fo.pi'la. L. prep.
de
, from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
, sulfur; N.L. pref.
desulfo
‐, desulfuricating (prefix used to characterize a dissimilatory sulfate‐reducing procaryote); L. fem. n.
pila
, pillar; N.L. fem. n.
Desulfopila
, a sulfate‐reducing pillar.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobulbia / Desulfobulbales / Desulfocapsaceae / Desulfopila

Rod‐shaped cells, 0.3–1.2 µm × 1.0–3.8 µm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Stain Gram‐negative. Motility might occur depending on the species. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory and a fermentative metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophs, using simple organic compounds like lactate, pyruvate, fumarate, and alcohols as carbon sources and electron donors. Electron donors are incompletely oxidized to acetate.
Desulfopila inferna
can grow chemolithoautotrophically with H
2
and CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Formate is used with or without acetate, depending on the species. Sulfate and sulfite serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S.
Desulfopila aestuarii
can also use thiosulfate and fumarate as electron acceptors. Mesophilic. Optimal temperature for growth, 28–35°C. Neutrophilic. The optimal pH for growth is 7.2–7.6. Best growth in marine medium, the optimal concentration of NaCl for growth is between 10 and 30 g/l. Media containing a reductant and vitamins are necessary for cultivation. The genus currently accommodates two species.
Desulfopila
spp. occur in anoxic marine sediments.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 49.6–50.3 (genome, LC).

Type species
:
Desulfopila aestuarii
Suzuki, Ueki, Amaishi and Ueki 2007, 524
VP
.
Biomimetic Nanosilica–Collagen Scaffolds for In Situ Bone Regeneration: Toward a Cell‐Free, One‐Step Surgery
Authors: Wang Shao‐Jie , Jiang Dong , Zhang Zheng‐Zheng , Chen You‐Rong , Yang Zheng‐Dong , Zhang Ji‐Ying , Shi Jinjun , Wang Xing , Yu Jia‐Kuo
Published: October 2019

Current approaches to fabrication of nSC composites for bone tissue engineering (BTE) have limited capacity to achieve uniform surface functionalization while replicating the complex architecture and bioactivity of native bone, compromising application of these nanocomposites for in situ bone regeneration. A robust biosilicification strategy is reported to impart a uniform and stable osteoinductive surface to porous collagen scaffolds. The resultant nSC composites possess a native‐bone‐like porous structure and a nanosilica coating. The osteoinductivity of the nSC scaffolds is strongly dependent on the surface roughness and silicon content in the silica coating. Notably, without the use of exogenous cells and growth factors (GFs), the nSC scaffolds induce successful repair of a critical‐sized calvarium defect in a rabbit model. It is revealed that topographic and chemical cues presented by nSC scaffolds could synergistically activate multiple signaling pathways related to mesenchymal stem cell recruitment and bone regeneration. Thus, this facile surface biosilicification approach could be valuable by enabling production of BTE scaffolds with large sizes, complex porous structures, and varied osteoinductivity. The nanosilica‐functionalized scaffolds can be implanted via a cell/GF‐free, one‐step surgery for in situ bone regeneration, thus demonstrating high potential for clinical translation in treatment of massive bone defects.
(Thio)etherification of Quinoxalinones under Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Zhou Jiadi , Zhou Peng , Zhao Tingting , Ren Quanlei , Li Jianjun
Published: October 2019

An efficient visible‐light‐induced (thio)etherification of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with divergent aliphatic alcohols and thiols (primary, secondary, and tertiary) at room temperature in air has been developed. This protocol was highlighted by its mild conditions, readily available starting materials, operational simplicity, and wide functional group tolerance.

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Localized High‐Concentration Electrolytes Boost Potassium Storage in High‐Loading Graphite
Authors: Qin Lei , Xiao Neng , Zheng Jingfeng , Lei Yu , Zhai Dengyun , Wu Yiying
Published: October 2019

Reversible intercalation of potassium‐ion (K+) into graphite makes it a promising anode material for rechargeable potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). However, the current graphite anodes in PIBs often suffer from poor cyclic stability with low coulombic efficiency. A stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is necessary for stabilizing the large interlayer expansion during K+ insertion. Herein, a localized high‐concentration electrolyte (LHCE) is designed by adding a highly fluorinated ether into the concentrated potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide/dimethoxyethane, which forms a durable SEI on the graphite surface and enables highly reversible K+ intercalation/deintercalation without solvent cointercalation. Furthermore, this LHCE shows a high ionic conductivity (13.6 mS cm−1) and excellent oxidation stability up to 5.3 V (vs K+/K), which enables compatibility with high‐voltage cathodes. The kinetics study reveals that K+ intercalation/deintercalation does not follow the same pathway. The potassiated graphite exhibits excellent depotassiation rate capability, while the formation of a low stage intercalation compound is the rate‐limiting step during potassiation.
Unusual Through‐Space Interactions between Oxygen Atoms that Mediate Inverse Morphochromism of an AIE Luminogen
Authors: Viglianti Lucia , Xie Ni , Sung Herman H. Y. , Voityuk Alexander A. , Leung Nelson L. C. , Tu Yujie , Baldoli Clara , Williams Ian D. , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Licandro Emanuela , Blancafort Lluís , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: October 2019

We have studied the photophysics of tetrafurylethene, an aggregation‐induced emission luminogen with exceptionally short intramolecular O−O distances of 2.80 Å and a significant red‐shifted morphochromism (27 nm) when going from the aggregate to the crystal. The short O−O distances, which are substantially smaller than the sum of the van der Waals radii (3.04 Å), are due to the fact that the oxygen atoms act as an electronic bridge connecting the furan rings on opposite ends of the central double bond, giving rise to a circular delocalization of the π‐electron density across the rings. In the excited state the O−O distance is further reduced to 2.70 Å; the increased O−O interaction causes a narrowing of the HOMO–LUMO gap, resulting in the red morphochromism of the emission. Our results show the structural origin of the red‐shifted emission lies in close O−O contacts, paving the way for understanding the clusteroluminescence of oxygen‐rich non‐conjugated systems that emit visible light.
Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Polyoxoniobates: Polyoxoniobate Metal Complex Cage and Cage Framework
Authors: Zhu Zeng‐Kui , Lin Ya‐Yun , Yu Hao , Li Xin‐Xiong , Zheng Shou‐Tian
Published: October 2019

The combination of polyoxoniobates (PONbs) with 3d metal ions, azoles, and organoamines is a general synthetic procedure for making unprecedented PONb metal complex cage materials, including discrete molecular cages and extended cage frameworks. By this method, the first two PONb metal complex cages K4@{[Cu29(OH)7(H2O)2(en)8(trz)21][Nb24O67(OH)2(H2O)3]4} and [Cu(en)2]@{[Cu2(en)2(trz)2]6(Nb68O188)} have been made. The former exhibits a huge tetrahedral cage with more than 120 metal centers, which is the largest inorganic–organic hybrid PONb known to date. The later shows a large cubic cage, which can act as building blocks for cage‐based extended assembly to form a 3D cage framework {[Cu(en)2]@{[Cu2(trz)2(en)2]6[H10Nb68O188]}}. These materials exhibit visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic H2 evolution activity and high vapor adsorption capacity. The results hold promise for developing both novel cage materials and largely unexplored inorganic–organic hybrid PONb chemistry.
Hydrotrifluoromethylthiolation of Unactivated Alkenes and Alkynes with Trifluoromethanesulfonic Anhydride through Deoxygenative Reduction and Photoredox Radical Processes
Authors: Ouyang Yao , Xu Xiu‐Hua , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: October 2019

An ongoing challenge in trifluoromethylthiolation reactions is the use of less expensive and easily available trifluoromethylthio sources. Herein, we disclose an unprecedented usage of trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (Tf2O) as a radical trifluoromethylthiolating reagent. Hydrotrifluoromethylthiolation of unactivated alkenes and alkynes with Tf2O in the presence of PMePh2 and H2O under visible‐light photoredox catalysis gave the addition products. The trifluoromethylthio radical (.SCF3) was first formed from Tf2O through a photoredox radical processes and deoxygenative reduction of PMePh2, and H2O serves as the H‐atom donor for the hydrotrifluoromethylthiolation reaction. This reaction provides a new strategy for radical trifluoromethylthiolation.
Das quasi‐binäre Acetonitriltriid Sr3[C2N]2
Authors: Clark William P. , Köhn Andreas , Niewa Rainer
Published: October 2019

Das erste quasi‐binäre Acetonitriltriid Sr3[C2N]2 wurde durch Reaktion von Sr‐Metall, Graphit und elementarem N2, erzeugt durch Zersetzung von Sr(N3)2, in einer verschlossenen Ni‐Ampulle mithilfe einer Alkalimetallschmelze in Form von nahezu farblosen Kristallen erhalten. Die Kristallstruktur der Verbindung wurde mittels Einkristall‐Röntgenbeugung bestimmt, die Identität des [C2N]3−‐Anions durch Raman‐Spektroskopie bestätigt und mit quantenchemischen Methoden weiter untersucht. Die berechneten interatomaren Abstände innerhalb des [C2N]3−‐Anions stimmen bemerkenswert gut mit den experimentellen Daten überein.
Strong N−X⋅⋅⋅O−N Halogen Bonds: A Comprehensive Study on N‐Halosaccharin Pyridine N‐Oxide Complexes
Authors: Puttreddy Rakesh , Rautiainen J. Mikko , Mäkelä Toni , Rissanen Kari
Published: October 2019

A study of the strong N−X⋅⋅⋅−O−N+ (X=I, Br) halogen bonding interactions reports 2×27 donor×acceptor complexes of N‐halosaccharins and pyridine N‐oxides (PyNO). DFT calculations were used to investigate the X⋅⋅⋅O halogen bond (XB) interaction energies in 54 complexes. A simplified computationally fast electrostatic model was developed for predicting the X⋅⋅⋅O XBs. The XB interaction energies vary from −47.5 to −120.3 kJ mol−1; the strongest N−I⋅⋅⋅−O−N+ XBs approaching those of 3‐center‐4‐electron [N−I−N]+ halogen‐bonded systems (ca. 160 kJ mol−1). 1H NMR association constants (KXB) determined in CDCl3 and [D6]acetone vary from 2.0×100 to >108 m−1 and correlate well with the calculated donor×acceptor complexation enthalpies found between −38.4 and −77.5 kJ mol−1. In X‐ray crystal structures, the N‐iodosaccharin‐PyNO complexes manifest short interaction ratios (RXB) between 0.65–0.67 for the N−I⋅⋅⋅−O−N+ halogen bond.
A Carbene‐Extended ATRA Reaction
Authors: Wu Guojiao , Börger Jennifer , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel
Published: October 2019

Atom‐transfer radical addition (ATRA) reactions have gained a strong foothold in organic synthesis by virtue of their operational simplicity, synthetic versatility, and perfect atom economy. A rich chemical space can be accessed through clever combinations of the simple starting materials. Many variations of this general motif have been reported. However, the vast majority involve the addition of an organic halide across a C=C double bond, resulting in the formation of 1,2‐bifunctional products. This report introduces a significant expansion of this general reactivity concept to give 1,3‐bifunctional adducts through the combination of 1,1‐ATRA to a carbenoid and 1,2‐ATRA to an alkyne. Both processes operate under mild conditions (RT, 5 h) with the same commercial catalyst (CoBr2, dppbz).
Photoinduced Deoxygenative Borylations of Aliphatic Alcohols
Authors: Wu Jingjing , Bär Robin M. , Guo Lin , Noble Adam , Aggarwal Varinder K.
Published: October 2019

A photochemical method for converting aliphatic alcohols into boronic esters is described. Preactivation of the alcohol as a 2‐iodophenyl‐thionocarbonate enables a novel Barton–McCombie‐type radical deoxygenation that proceeds efficiently with visible light irradiation and without the requirement for a photocatalyst, a radical initiator, or tin or silicon hydrides. The resultant alkyl radical is intercepted by bis(catecholato)diboron, furnishing boronic esters from a diverse range of structurally complex alcohols.