bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Morphological Characterization of Chiral Poly(amide–imide) Nanostructures in Molten Ionic Liquid Salt
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour , Zadehnazari Amin
Published: December 2012

Ionic liquids (ILs) are outstanding microwave‐absorbing agents due to their high ionic conductivity and polarizability, thus leading to a high heating rate and considerably shortened reaction time. In this study, a series of novel chiral poly(amide–imide) (PAI) nanostructures with hydroxyphenyl pendant units in the side chain were prepared with excellent yields via a simple microwave heating method using molten tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as a molten IL and triphenyl phosphite as the condensing agent. The polymerization proceeded well in molten TBAB and PAIs were obtained with high yields and moderate inherent viscosities ranging from 0.32 to 0.49 dL/g. The obtained PAIs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, specific rotation, powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, and in some cases by 1H NMR technique. The FE‐SEM micrographs and XRD showed that the synthesized PAIs were nanostructured and amorphous polymers that nanosize particles are in the range of 66–78 nm. The effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the size of polymer particles was also investigated. The transparent and flexible thin films based on PAI nanostructures were obtained by a casting technique, and their properties were studied. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 2013, 32, 21333; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21333
Pilot‐scale investigation and CFD modeling of particle deposition in low‐dust monolithic SCR DeNOx catalysts
Authors: Heiredal Michael Lykke , Jensen Anker Degn , Thøgersen Joakim Reimer , Frandsen Flemming Jappe , Friemann Jens‐Uwe
Published: December 2012

Deposition of particles in selective catalytic reduction DeNOx monolithic catalysts was studied by low‐dust pilot‐scale experiments. The experiments showed a total deposition efficiency of about 30%, and the deposition pattern was similar to that observed in full‐scale low‐dust applications. On extended exposure to the dust‐laden flue gas, complete blocking of channels was observed, showing that also in low‐dust applications soot blowing is necessary to keep the catalyst clean. A particle deposition model was developed in computational fluid dynamics, and simulations were carried out assuming either laminar or turbulent flow. Assuming laminar flow, the accumulated mass was underpredicted with a factor of about 17, whereas assuming turbulent flow overpredicted the experimental result with a factor of about 2. The simulations showed that turbulent diffusion in the monolith channels and inertial impaction and gravitational settling on the top of the monolith were the dominating mechanisms for particle deposition on the catalyst. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1919–1933, 2013
Delay‐range‐dependent guaranteed cost control for batch processes with state delay
Authors: Wang Limin , Mo Shengyong , Zhou Donghua , Gao Furong , Chen Xi
Published: December 2012

A guaranteed cost control scheme is proposed for batch processes described by a two‐dimensional (2‐D) system with uncertainties and interval time‐varying delay. First, a 2‐D controller, which includes a robust feedback control to ensure performances over time and an iterative learning control to improve the tracking performance from cycle to cycle, is formulated. The guaranteed cost law concept of the proposed 2‐D controller is then introduced. Subsequently, by introducing the Lyapunov–Krasovskii function and adding a differential inequality to the Lyapunov function for the 2‐D system, sufficient conditions for the existence of the robust guaranteed cost controller are derived in terms of matrix inequalities. A design procedure for the controller is also presented. Furthermore, a convex optimization problem with linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints is formulated to design the optimal guaranteed cost controller that minimizes the upper bound of the closed‐loop system cost. The proposed control law can stabilize the closed‐loop system as well as guarantee H∞ performance level and a cost function with upper bounds for all admissible uncertainties. The results can be easily extended to the constant delay case. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed 2‐D design approach. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 2033–2045, 2013
A theory of multiple photon absorption by graphene in intense laser fields
Authors: Faisal Farhad H. M.
Published: December 2012

A theoretical analysis of multiple photon absorption by Dirac fermions in graphene subjected to intense laser fields is made. An analytic expression for the probability of n‐photon absorption is derived. It shows that the fundamental functional dependence of n photon absorption rate is governed by a Bessel function of order n, , where , is the Fermi‐velocity, F is the peak field strength, ω is the frequency; and θ0 are the polar angles of the fermion momentum and the laser polarization, respectively. The result is used to investigate the rate of n photon absorption in the THz and the near‐infrared domains and both in the weak‐field perturbative, and the strong‐field non‐perturbative intensity regimes. Formation of an n‐photon absorption plateau followed by an exponential cut‐off beyond is also predicted to occur.
Being Counted
Authors: Chalfie Martin
Published: December 2012

Collecting laureates: On receiving the Nobel Prize, Martin Chalfie found he was being added to lists. For example, he was the fourth Nobel Laureate his dentist knew. He discusses some of the other lists he has found himself on and explores the serious side of “collecting” Nobel Laureates.
Electrospinning core‐shell nanofibers for interfacial toughening and self‐healing of carbon‐fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Wu Xiang‐Fa , Rahman Arifur , Zhou Zhengping , Pelot David D. , Sinha‐Ray Suman , Chen Bin , Payne Scott , Yarin Alexander L.
Published: December 2012

This article reports a novel hybrid multiscale carbon‐fiber/epoxy composite reinforced with self‐healing core‐shell nanofibers at interfaces. The ultrathin self‐healing fibers were fabricated by means of coelectrospinning, in which liquid dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) as the healing agent was enwrapped into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to form core‐shell DCPD/PAN nanofibers. These core‐shell nanofibers were incorporated at interfaces of neighboring carbon‐fiber fabrics prior to resin infusion and formed into ultrathin self‐healing interlayers after resin infusion and curing. The core‐shell DCPD/PAN fibers are expected to function to self‐repair the interfacial damages in composite laminates, e.g., delamination. Wet layup, followed by vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) technique, was used to process the proof‐of‐concept hybrid multiscale self‐healing composite. Three‐point bending test was utilized to evaluate the self‐healing effect of the core‐shell nanofibers on the flexural stiffness of the composite laminate after predamage failure. Experimental results indicate that the flexural stiffness of such novel self‐healing composite after predamage failure can be completely recovered by the self‐healing nanofiber interlayers. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was utilized for fractographical analysis of the failed samples. SEM micrographs clearly evidenced the release of healing agent at laminate interfaces and the toughening and self‐healing mechanisms of the core‐shell nanofibers. This study expects a family of novel high‐strength, lightweight structural polymer composites with self‐healing function for potential use in aerospace and aeronautical structures, sports utilities, etc. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Capitalizing on order effects in the bids of peer‐reviewed conferences to secure reviews by expert referees
Authors: Cabanac Guillaume , Preuss Thomas
Published: December 2012

Peer review supports scientific conferences in selecting high‐quality papers for publication. Referees are expected to evaluate submissions equitably according to objective criteria (e.g., originality of the contribution, soundness of the theory, validity of the experiments). We argue that the submission date of papers is a subjective factor playing a role in the way they are evaluated. Indeed, program committee (PC) chairs and referees process submission lists that are usually sorted by paperIDs. This order conveys chronological information, as papers are numbered sequentially upon reception. We show that order effects lead to unconscious favoring of early‐submitted papers to the detriment of later‐submitted papers. Our point is supported by a study of 42 peer‐reviewed conferences in Computer Science showing a decrease in the number of bids placed on submissions with higher paperIDs. It is advised to counterbalance order effects during the bidding phase of peer review by promoting the submissions with fewer bids to potential referees. This manipulation intends to better share bids out among submissions in order to attract qualified referees for all submissions. This would secure reviews from confident referees, who are keen on voicing sharp opinions and recommendations (acceptance or rejection) about submissions. This work contributes to the integrity of peer review, which is mandatory to maintain public trust in science.
The nuclear import machinery is a determinant of influenza virus host adaptation
Authors: Resa‐Infante Patricia , Gabriel Gülsah
Published: December 2012

After viral entry into the cell, the nuclear envelope poses a major cellular barrier that needs to be overcome upon adaptation of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) to the new host. To ensure efficient viral transcription and replication in the nucleus of the host cell, the viral polymerase complex of avian influenza viruses needs to switch from recognition of avian to mammalian components of the nuclear import machinery. Recent evidence suggests that influenza viruses have evolved different mechanisms to utilize importin‐α isoforms as components of this machinery, bridging pre‐ and post‐nuclear import on both sides of the nuclear envelope.
Explanatory Factors of Integrated Sustainability and Financial Reporting
Authors: Frias‐Aceituno José V. , Rodríguez‐Ariza Lázaro , Garcia‐Sánchez Isabel M.
Published: December 2012

The complexity of the business world has led to growing demands being made of companies regarding the information provided on their financial performance, corporate governance and contribution to developing sustainability. In response, some leading companies have begun to publish integrated reporting, in the form of a document providing a coherent summary of this information, thus facilitating stakeholder engagement.

This paper examines the validity of the hypotheses of the theories of agency and of signalling, and analyses the political costs and those borne by owners in voluntarily developing this new type of business document. More specifically, in order to determine their prevalence among the suggested reasons for these paradigms, we analyse the effect of industry concentration, together with other factors, in the development of integrated reporting.

The analysis of a non‐balanced sample of 1590 international companies for the years 2008–2010, in which a logistic regression methodology is applied to panel data, reveals the negative impact of industry concentration on the development of a more pluralist report, simultaneously taking into account stakeholders, sustainability and the long‐term viewpoint, as well as questions of responsible investment, business ethics and transparency. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Anti‐human‐cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G levels in glioma risk and prognosis
Authors: Susan Amirian E. , Marquez‐Do Deborah , Bondy Melissa L. , Scheurer Michael E.
Published: December 2012

The role of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in glioma development and progression remains controversial. The purpose of our study was to assess the potential associations between anti‐HCMV antibodies (immunoglobulin G [IgG] and immunoglobulin M [IgM]) and glioma risk and prognosis using data from the Harris County Case–Control Study. Multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between glioma status and antibody levels among glioma cases (n = 362) and cancer‐free controls (n = 462). Hazard ratios and 95% CIs were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for age, race, and sex, to determine if antibody levels were associated with survival over time among cases. Among IgG‐positive participants, increasing anti‐HCMV IgG levels were associated with decreasing glioma risk (P for trend = 0.0008), and those with the lowest level of anti‐HCMV IgG (<10 U/mL) had the highest glioma risk, controlling for age, sex, and race/ethnicity (OR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.42–4.43). Antibody levels were not associated with survival among glioma cases. Our study contributes new evidence toward the potential importance of the direct and indirect effects of HCMV infection in gliomagenesis.
Influence of the Lime Slurry Droplet Spectrum on the Efficiency of Semi‐Dry Flue Gas Desulfurization
Authors: Katolicky J. , Jicha M.
Published: December 2012

A numerical model based on computational fluid dynamics is presented to predict the efficiency of a semi‐dry flue gas desulfurization process. The Euler‐Lagrange particle tracking method is used to predict both evaporation and mass transfer between the flue gas and the lime slurry droplets. The overall desulfurization process is split into two periods, i.e. the constant‐rate and the falling‐rate period, during which the fundamental chemical reaction between sulfur dioxide and calcium hydroxide is modeled. The absorption efficiency is calculated for different spray characteristics, taking into account different size spectra of the lime slurry droplets characterized by different standard deviations for a constant mass mean diameter d50 of 25 μm. The results are compared with published experiments and show excellent agreement as well as a significant role of the spray characteristics in the FGD efficiency.
Spirulina platensisCulture with Flue Gas Feeding as a Cyanobacteria‐Based Carbon Sequestration Option
Authors: Arata S. , Strazza C. , Lodi A. , Del Borghi A.
Published: December 2012

The scientific community is currently examining potential approaches in order to reduce the anthropical contributions to global warming. One approach is carbon capture and its storage, i.e., capturing CO2 at its source and storing it indefinitely to avoid its release into the atmosphere. Conversion of CO2 by microalgae or cyanobacteria is a sequestration option. Here, the application of an air‐lift reactor to flue gas treatment using cyanobacteria for the absorption of CO2 was investigated, with the simultaneous abatement of NOx. A Spirulina platensis culture was fed with CO2 and NOx, simulating a flue gas. The preliminary test yielded positive indications on the process feasibility, both in terms of cell productivity (86.8 mg L–1d–1) and CO2 abatement (229 mg d–1). Opportune dosages of flue gas used in fed‐batch test achieved a high abatement of CO2 (407 mg d–1), 90.0 % removal of NOx, and a biomass production of 188.7 mg L–1d–1.
Decolorization of Methyl Orange Dye at IrO2‐SnO2‐Sb2O5 Coated Titanium Anodes
Authors: Chaiyont R. , Badoe C. , Ponce de León C. , Nava J. L. , Recio F. J. , Sirés I. , Herrasti P. , Walsh F. C.
Published: December 2012

A film of iridium and tin dioxides doped with antimony oxide (IrO2‐SnO2‐Sb2O5) was deposited onto Ti mesh and plate substrates by the Pechini method. The electrode surface morphology and composition were characterized by SEM‐EDS. The ternary oxide coating was used for the anodic oxidation of methyl orange (MO) azo dye. Linear sweep voltammetry was used to identify the electrode potentials that favour MO degradation. Batch electrolyses were then carried out at a constant electrode potential of 1.5, 1.75 and 2.0 V vs. SHE using either a three‐electrode batch cell or a flow reactor. The dye solutions were totally decolorized via reactive oxygen species, such as •OH, H2O2 and O3 formed in situ from water oxidation at the Ti/IrO2‐SnO2‐Sb2O5 surface.
A Theoretical Investigation on the Strecker Reaction Catalyzed by a TiIV‐Complex Catalyst Generated from a Cinchona Alkaloid, Achiral Substituted 2,2′‐Biphenol, and Tetraisopropyl Titanate
Authors: Su Zhishan , Li Weiyi , Wang Jun , Hu Changwei , Feng Xiaoming
Published: December 2012

The mechanism and the origin of selectivity of the asymmetric Strecker reaction catalyzed by a TiIV‐complex catalyst generated from a cinchona alkaloid, achiral substituted 2,2′‐biphenol, and tetraisopropyl titanate have been investigated by DFT and ONIOM methods. The calculations indicate that the reaction proceeds through a dual activation mechanism, in which TiIV acts as Lewis acid to activate the electrophile aldimine substrate, whereas the tertiary amine in cinchona alkaloid works as Lewis base to promote the activation and isomerization of HCN. The CC bond formation step is predicted to be the selectivity‐controlling step in the reaction with an energy barrier of 9.3 kcal mol−1. The “asymmetric activation” is achieved by the transfer of asymmetry from the chiral cinchonine ligand to the axially flexible achiral biphenol ligand through coordination interaction with the central metal TiIV. The large steric hindrance from the 3,3′‐position substitute of biphenol, combined with the quinoline fragment of cinchona alkaloid and the orientation of hydrogen bonding of iPrOH, play a key role in controlling the stereoselectivity, which is in good agreement with the experimental observations.
Highly Sensitive and Selective Spectroscopic Detection of Mercury(II) in Water by Using Pyridylporphyrin–DNA Conjugates
Authors: Choi Jung Kyu , Sargsyan Gevorg , Olive Amanda M. , Balaz Milan
Published: December 2012

Single‐labeled pyridylporphyrin–DNA conjugates are reported as highly sensitive and selective spectroscopic sensors for mercury(II) ions in water. The effects of chemical structure (thymine versus adenine), number of nucleotides (monomer versus octamer), and porphyrin metalation (Zn versus free base) on the sensitivity and selectivity of mercury(II) detection are explored. The results indicated that pyridylporphyrin rather than the nucleobase plays a crucial role in mercury(II) sensing, because porphyrin conjugates with both adenosine and thymidine exhibited excellent mercury(II) detection. Mercury(II) recognition was shown in emission quenching, as well as in a redshift of the porphyrin Soret band absorption. The limit of detection (LOD, 3σ/slope) of zinc(II) pyridylporphyrin‐5′‐oligodeoxythymidine (ZnPorT8) obtained by fluorescence quenching was calculated to be 21.14 nM. Other metal cations (Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, and Na+) did not interfere with the emission and absorption sensing of mercury(II). Free‐base porphyrin–oligothymine conjugate 2HPorT8 displayed similar sensitivity to ZnPorT8 but different selectivity. The results also implied that the sensing properties of porphyrin–deoxythymidine conjugates could potentially be tuned by porphyrin metalation.
ChemInform Abstract: From T to T′‐La2CuO4 via Oxygen Vacancy Ordered La2CuO3,5.
Authors: Houchati Mohamed Ikbel , Ceretti Monica , Ritter Clemens , Paulus Werner
Published: December 2012

Stoichiometric quantities of T′‐La2CuO4 are obtained by reaction of T‐La2CuO4 with CaH2 at 200 °C for two days leading to La2CuO3.5 which is subsequently reoxidized at 300 °C in air.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Electrical Properties of La0.5Ca0.5Mn0.95Fe0.05 O3+δ Perovskite.
Authors: Mohamed E. A.
Published: December 2012

The title compound is prepared by coprecipitation using ammonium carbonate and characterized by powder XRD, Moessbauer spectroscopy, and electrical resistance measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Concentration Effect in the Dielectric Properties of BiNbO4 for RF Applications.
Authors: Sales A. J. M. , Oliveira P. W. S. , Almeida J. S. , Costa M. M. , Rodrigues H. O. , Sombra A. S. B.
Published: December 2012

BiNbO4 ceramics for possible applications in radio frequency devices like ceramic capacitors are prepared by solid state reaction with the addition of 3, 5, and 10 wt.% of CuO (sintering at 925 °C for 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Nanosized Zinc Aluminate Spinel from a Novel Zn—Al Layered Double Hydroxide Precursor.
Authors: Song Jianye , Leng Mingzhe , Fu Xingqi , Liu Jianqiang
Published: December 2012

[ZnAl2(OH)6]CO3·nH2O (I) is synthesized by the urea hydrolysis method from aqueous solutions of Zn(NO3)2, Al(NO3)3, and urea (H2O, 100 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A Clathrate‐I Phase with Li—Ge Framework.
Authors: Liang Ying , Boehme Bodo , Ormeci Alim , Borrmann Horst , Pecher Oliver , Haarmann Frank , Schnelle Walter , Baitinger Michael , Grin Yuri
Published: December 2012

The first Li‐containing clathrate‐I phase, K8LixGe44‐x/4□2‐3x/4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2.3; □: vacancy) is prepared from mixtures of LiGe, K4Ge9, and α‐Ge (600—700 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Conductive Performance of Tungstovanadophosphoric Heteropoly Acid H4PW11VO40·8H2O.
Authors: Tong Xia , Tian Naiqin , Zhu Weiming , Wu Qingyin , Cao Fahe , Yan Wenfu
Published: December 2012

The title compound is synthesized by addition of V2O5 dissolved in sodium carbonate solution to an aqueous solution containing Na3PO4 and Na2WO4 (pH 2.5, 90 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Directed Assembly of Nanoscale Co(II)‐Substituted {Co9[P2W15]3} and {Co14[P2W15]4} Polyoxometalates.
Authors: Lydon Claire , Sabi Merce Martin , Symes Mark D. , Long De‐Liang , Murrie Mark , Yoshii Shunsuke , Nojiri Hiroyuki , Cronin Leroy
Published: December 2012

Compounds (V) and (VI) are formed from the same building blocks under slightly different conditions and their crystal structures are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: The Selenite‐Capped Polyoxo‐4‐aurate(III), [AuIII4O4 (SeIVO3)4]4‐.
Authors: Xiang Yixian , Izarova Natalya V. , Schinle Florian , Hampe Oliver , Keita Bineta , Kortz Ulrich
Published: December 2012

K4 [Au4O4(SeO3)4] ·0.4KNO3·0.6KOAc·6H2O is obtained from an aqueous solution of H[AuCl4], KOAc, KOH, H2SeO3, and AgNO3 at room temperature (pH 12 → pH 6.3 adjusted with HNO3; 14% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: C—O and C—C Bond Formation in the Cyclization of gem‐(Dialkoxymethyl)‐1,6‐dienes Catalyzed by Tin(IV) Triflimidate at Room Temperature.
Authors: Vece Vito , Ben Hadj Hassen Khadija , Antoniotti Sylvain , Dunach Elisabet
Published: December 2012

Cyclohexane derivatives are formed via a 6‐enexo‐endo‐trig process from symmetrical disubstituted ethers (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Intramolecular Pauson—Khand Reaction Mediated by a Remote Sulfenyl or Sulfinyl Group.
Authors: Garcia Ruano Jose Luis , Torrente Esther , Parra Alejandro , Aleman Jose , Martin‐Castro Ana M.
Published: December 2012

It is found that the Pauson—Khand reaction of 1,6‐enynes bearing a remote sulfenyl group proceeds with excellent diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Beyond Benzyl Grignards: Facile Generation of Benzyl Carbanions from Styrenes.
Authors: Grigg R. David , Rigoli Jared W. , Van Hoveln Ryan , Neale Samuel , Schomaker Jennifer M.
Published: December 2012

An efficient protocol for generation of benzylic carbanion is developed based on hydroboration of styrenes with bulky pinacol borane followed by sterically induced cleavage of the C—B bond using KOtBu.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc Phthalocyanine with PEG‐400 as a Recyclable Catalytic System for Selective Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds.
Authors: Sharma Upendra , Kumar Neeraj , Verma Praveen Kumar , Kumar Vishal , Singh Bikram
Published: December 2012

The system efficiently promotes 1) the chemo‐ and regioselective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to the corresponding amines tolerating a wide range of reducible functional groups, 2) the reduction of carbonyl compounds and esters to the corresponding alcohols, and 3) the reductive amination of benzaldehydes with primary amines affording the corresponding secondary amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese‐Mediated N‐Heteroarylation of Indoles and Indazoles in Water.
Authors: Yong Fui‐Fong , Teo Yong‐Chua
Published: December 2012

Optimized reaction conditions are developed for the cross‐coupling with heteroaryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Assisted Regioselective C—H Cyanation of Heteroarenes Using Isonitrile as Cyanide Source.
Authors: Xu Shuguang , Huang Xiaomei , Hong Xiaohu , Xu Bin
Published: December 2012

The nature of the N‐substitution is crucial in controlling the regioselectivity of the cyanation of indoles using tBuNC as ′CN′ source and Cu(tfa)2 as oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Higher‐Order Zincates as Transmetalators in Alkyl—Alkyl Negishi Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: McCann Lucas C. , Hunter Howard N. , Clyburne Jason A. C. , Organ Michael G.
Published: December 2012

The direct involvement of higher order zincates, isolated from non‐coordinating solvents with strict exclusion of additional salts, in the alkyl‐alkyl Negishi reaction is demonstrated for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Coupling of Methyl Ketones and Primary or Secondary Amines Leading to α‐Ketoamides.
Authors: Wei Wei , Shao Ying , Hu Huayou , Zhang Feng , Zhang Chao , Xu Yuan , Wan Xiaobing
Published: December 2012

A simple, mild, and widely applicable method to prepare α‐ketoamides is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Unactivated Secondary Alkyl Iodides with Alkyl Grignard Reagents in the Presence of 1,3‐Butadiene as an Effective Additive.
Authors: Shen Ruwei , Iwasaki Takanori , Terao Jun , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: December 2012

Derivatives (VIIIa) and (VIIIb) can be easily converted into the corresponding unsaturated ring systems by metathesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reactions of Iodo(difluoroenol) Derivatives, Fluorinated Building Blocks Accessible at Near‐Ambient Temperatures.
Authors: Wilson Peter G. , Percy Jonathan M. , Redmond Joanna M. , McCarter Adam W.
Published: December 2012

The iodides (II) and (X), which are available in good yields, efficiently undergo Suzuki—Miyaura coupling with a number of aromatic trifluoroborates and some arylboronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nitrocyclopropanedicarboxylic Acid Derivatives by Addition of α‐Bromonitroalkanes to Methylidene Malonic, Methylidene Cyanoacetic or Maleic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Kryshtal G. V. , Zhdankina G. M. , Shashkov A. S. , Zlotin S. G.
Published: December 2012

The stereochemical implications of the title reaction are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclopropane‐1,1,2,2‐tetracarboxylic Acid Derivatives from Aldehydes and CH‐Acids in the K2CO3/Bun4NPF6 /Toluene Heterogeneous System.
Authors: Kryshtal G. V. , Zhdankina G. M. , Zlotin S. G.
Published: December 2012

The one‐pot reaction leading to mostly new cyclopropane‐1,1,2,2‐tetracarboxylic acid derivatives (IV) proceeds diastereoselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: CoBr2—TMTU—Zinc‐Catalyzed Pauson—Khand Reaction.
Authors: Wang Yuefan , Xu Lingmin , Yu Ruocheng , Chen Jiahua , Yang Zhen
Published: December 2012

Th complex is generated generated in situ by reduction of CoBr2 with Zn and efficiently promotes the Pauson—Khand reaction affording structurally diverse cyclopentenones (20 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Ireland—Claisen Rearrangement of Ynamides: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 2‐Amidodienes.
Authors: Heffernan Stephen J. , Carbery David R.
Published: December 2012

When applied to aromatic ynamides of type (I), decarboxylated products (II) and (III) are formed instead of the expected allenamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Dinuclear Titanium Complexes with Sulfamide Ligands as Precatalysts for Hydroaminoalkylation and Hydroamination Reactions.
Authors: Jaspers Daniel , Saak Wolfgang , Doye Sven
Published: December 2012

A novel dinuclear titanium complex is synthesized and successfully applied to the title reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Phenols via Fluoride‐Free Oxidation of Arylsilanes and Arylmethoxysilanes.
Authors: Rayment Elizabeth J. , Summerhill Nick , Anderson Edward A.
Published: December 2012

Treatment of arylsilanes and arylmethoxysilanes with H2O2 and KHCO3 allows an efficient access to phenols.
ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalytic Promiscuity: Lipase‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Heterocyclic Ketones with Aldehydes.
Authors: Guan Zhi , Fu Jian‐Ping , He Yan‐Hong
Published: December 2012

The desired products (III) are generally formed in low yields and low to moderate stereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium‐Mediated Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Imines with Ketones or Aldehydes: An Efficient Route for the Synthesis of 1,2‐Amino Alcohols.
Authors: Fan Guoqin , Liu Yuanhong
Published: December 2012

In most cases, the procedure affords the expected 1,2‐amino alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient and Chemoselective Acetalization and Thioacetalization of Aldehydes Catalyzed by Propylphosphonic Anhydride (®T3P) at Room Temperature.
Authors: Augustine John Kallikat , Bombrun Agnes , Sauer Wolfgang H. B. , Vijaykumar Pujari
Published: December 2012

The process is general concerning the use of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Three‐Component Coupling Approach to the Synthesis of α—Iminocarboxamides.
Authors: Masui Hisashi , Fuse Shinichiro , Takahashi Takashi
Published: December 2012

An alkylsamarium intermediate is coupled to the isocyanide (II) and subsequent to the isocyanate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: The Direct Thioesterification of Aldehydes with Disulfides via NHC‐Catalyzed Carbonyl Umpolung Strategy.
Authors: Singh Santosh , Yadav Lal Dhar S.
Published: December 2012

The protocol allows the synthesis of thioesters in good yields without formation of by‐products.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Chlorides and Triflates with Sodium Cyanate: A Practical Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Ureas.
Authors: Vinogradova Ekaterina V. , Fors Brett P. , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: December 2012

An efficient one‐pot protocol for the synthesis of unsymmetrical ureas such as (IV) or (VII) via palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of aryl chlorides and triflates with sodium cyanate and amines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: First Iron‐Catalyzed Guanylation of Amines: A Simple and Highly Efficient Protocol to Guanidines.
Authors: Pottabathula Srinivas , Royo Beatriz
Published: December 2012

It is demonstrated that Fe(OAc)2 is an efficient catalyst for the reaction of primary and secondary amines with carbodiimides.
ChemInform Abstract: o‐(Trialkylstannyl)anilines and Their Utility in Migita—Kosugi—Stille Cross‐Coupling: Direct Introduction of the 2‐Aminophenyl Substituent.
Authors: Izgu Enver Cagri , Hoye Thomas R.
Published: December 2012

The shelf‐ and air‐stable ortho‐stannylated anilines (I) are prepared and compared with the known analogues (II) in coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: ortho‐Amide‐Directed Oxidation of Internal Aryl Alkynes Mediated by Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate.
Authors: Su Chieh‐Fu , Hu Wan‐Ping , Vandavasi Jaya Kishore , Liao Chao‐Cheng , Hung Chen‐Ya , Wang Jeh‐Jeng
Published: December 2012

The optimized conditions produce diketone structures, subunits of pharmaceutical drugs, in a selective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling of Aryl Halides with Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids Performed in Water.
Authors: Li Tingyi , Sun Peng , Yang Hailong , Zhu Yan , Yan Hong , Lu Linhua , Mao Jincheng
Published: December 2012

The title reaction represents a practical and low‐cost way to prepare arylalkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Dibenz[a,c]anthracene Derivatives Exhibiting Columnar Mesophases over Broad Temperature Ranges.
Authors: Paquette Joseph A. , Yardley Colin J. , Psutka Katie M. , Cochran Melissa A. , Calderon Oliver , Williams Vance E. , Maly Kenneth E.
Published: December 2012

The synthesis and characterization of a series of novel hexaalkoxydibenzanthracene derivatives is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Terminal and Internal Olefin Epoxidation with Cobalt(II) as the Catalyst: Evidence for an Active Oxidant CoII‐Acylperoxo Species.
Authors: Kim Cheal , et al. et al.
Published: December 2012

In the presence of MCPBA and Co(ClO4)2, terminal and internal alkenes undergo mild, fast, efficient, and selective epoxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Ru(CO)‐salen‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Enantiopure Aziridinyl Ketones and Formal Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)‐PD 128907.
Authors: Fukunaga Yasuaki , Uchida Tatsuya , Ito Yutaro , Matsumoto Kenji , Katsuki Tsutomu
Published: December 2012

Aryl/alkyl vinyl ketones are aziridinated using sulfonyl azide (II) in the presence of 0.5‐1.0 mol% RUT to give almost enantiopure aziridines in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: New Method for the Preparation of 3‐Diazo‐1,3‐dihydroindol‐2‐ones.
Authors: Muzalevskiy V. M. , Balenkova E. S. , Shastin A. V. , Magerramov A. M. , Shikhaliev N. G. , Nenajdenko V. G.
Published: December 2012

Title compounds (II) are formed by oxidation of isatin hydrazones with polyhaloalkanes in the presence of copper salts as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Construction of Aryl Pyrroloindolines via an Arylation—Cyclization Cascade.
Authors: Zhu Shaolin , MacMillan David W. C.
Published: December 2012

Copper‐catalyzed asymmetric arylation—cyclization cascade of indolylamides with diaryliodonium salts provides an efficient access towards enantioenriched pyrroloindolines in good yields and high enantioselectivities (up to <99% e.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Metal‐Free Reaction of Imidazoles with Isothiocyanates Involving Cyanophenylacetylene: A Shortcut to N‐(Z‐Alkenyl)imidazole‐2‐carbothioamides.
Authors: Trofimov Boris A. , Andriyankova Ludmila V. , Nikitina Lina P. , Belyaeva Kseniya V. , Mal'kina Anatasiya G. , Afonin Andrei V. , Ushakov Igor' A.
Published: December 2012

The products are of interest as subunits of natural products and drugs.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile, Selective, and Regiocontrolled Synthesis of Oxazolines and Oxazoles Mediated by ZnI3 and FeCl3.
Authors: Senadi Gopal Chandru , Hu Wan‐Ping , Hsiao Jia‐Shing , Vandavasi Jaya Kishore , Chen Chung‐Yu , Wang Jeh‐Jeng
Published: December 2012

In situ generated acetylenic amides undergo an intramolecular cyclization in the presence of either ZnI2 or FeCl3 to give 5‐methylene‐2‐oxazolines and 5‐methyloxazoles, correspondingly.
ChemInform Abstract: Alcohol‐Mediated Synthesis of 4‐Oxo‐2‐aryl‐4H‐chromene‐3‐carboxylate Derivatives from 4‐Hydroxycoumarins.
Authors: Zanwar Manoj R. , Raihan Mustafa J. , Gawande Sachin D. , Kavala Veerababurao , Janreddy Donala , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Ambre Ram , Yao Ching‐Fa
Published: December 2012

Basic treatment of 4‐hydroxycoumarins with β‐nitrostyrenes and alcohols allows new and straightforward access to chromene‐3‐carboxylates of type (IV) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Domino Reaction of gem‐Dibromoenynes with Anilines: A One‐Pot Synthesis of Quinolines and Quinolinones.
Authors: Meng Tianhao , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Zhang Hui‐Jun , Liang Yun , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: December 2012

The Pd‐catalyzed amination is followed by C—C bond formation and C—O coupling to produce functionalized quinoline derivatives from gem‐dibromoenynes and anilines in the presence of NaOtBu.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 2‐Hetaryl‐2‐(tetrahydro‐2‐furanyliden)acetonitriles with 1,3‐N,N‐Binucleophiles.
Authors: Milokhov Demyd S. , Khilya Olga V. , Volovenko Yulian M. , Palamarchuk Gennady V. , Shishkin Oleg V.
Published: December 2012

The title substrates (I) and (VI) react with amidines, either as carbonates or nitrates, to produce different types of pyrimidine structures.
ChemInform Abstract: InCl3‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2‐Aryl Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones and 5‐Aryl Pyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidin‐7(6H)‐ones and Their Evaluation as Potential Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Mulakayala Naveen , Kandagatla Bhaskar , Ismail Ismail , Rapolu Rajesh Kumar , Rao Pallavi , Mulakayala Chaitanya , Kumar Chitta Suresh , Iqbal Javed , Oruganti Srinivas
Published: December 2012

A novel approach to title compounds, e.g. (III) and (VI), is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: DBU‐Promoted Alkylation of Alkyl Phosphinates and H‐Phosphonates.
Authors: Gavara Laurent , Petit Christelle , Montchamp Jean‐Luc
Published: December 2012

The method avoids the use of Me‐PCl2 and neither a metal catalyst nor a protecting group strategy are required.
ChemInform Abstract: σ2‐P Ligands: Convenient Syntheses of N‐Methyl‐1,3‐benzazaphospholes.
Authors: Ghalib Mohammed , Niaz Basit , Jones Peter G. , Heinicke Joachim W.
Published: December 2012

A three‐step sequence is developed for the synthesis of the benzazaphospole (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Enaminophosphines via Palladacycle‐Catalyzed Addition of Ph2PH to α,β‐Unsaturated Imines.
Authors: Huang Yinhua , Chew Renta Jonathan , Pullarkat Sumod A. , Li Yongxin , Leung Pak‐Hing
Published: December 2012

A new, efficient, and highly enantioselective method to prepare enaminophosphines is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Sugar‐Derived 2‐Nitroalkanols via Henry Reaction Promoted by Samarium Diiodide or Indium.
Authors: Rodriguez‐Solla Humberto , Alvaredo Noemi , Soengas Raquel G.
Published: December 2012

The reaction of various sugar aldehydes with bromonitromethane gives similar yields and diastereoselectivities under either conditions A) or B).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxoquinoline Acyclonucleoside Phosphonate Analogues as a New Class of Specific Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1.
Authors: de Souza Maria Cecilia B. V. , et al. et al.
Published: December 2012

A series of novel oxoquinoline acyclonucleoside phosphonate analogues (III) is evaluated for their antiviral activity against HIV‐1 in PBMC cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Transformations in Oxides Induced by High‐Energy Ball‐Milling
Authors: Sepelak Vladimir , Begin‐Colin Sylvie , Le Caer Gerard
Published: December 2012

Review: 224 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review of Transition Metals Diborides: from Wettability Studies to Joining
Authors: Passerone Alberto , Valenza Fabrizio , Muolo Maria Luigia
Published: December 2012

Review: 128 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Challenges Facing Lithium Batteries and Electrical Double‐Layer Capacitors
Authors: Cho Jaephil , et al. et al.
Published: December 2012

Review: 216 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Transformation of Aryls Using Molybdenum Pentachloride
Authors: Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Trosien Simon
Published: December 2012

Review: 163 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design Concept for High‐LUMO‐Level Fullerene Electron‐Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Matsuo Yutaka
Published: December 2012

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Highlight: Stereoselective Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions Based on Sp3 C—H Activation to Give Chiral Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhang Aiqin
Published: December 2012

Review: 13 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,6‐Conjugate Addition of Nucleophiles to α,β,γ,δ‐Diunsaturated Systems
Authors: Silva Eduarda M. P. , Silva Artur M. S.
Published: December 2012

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Naphthylamines and Anthrylamines via η3‐Benzylpalladium Intermediates
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Bao Ming
Published: December 2012

Review: 11 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Gold‐Catalyzed Reactions to Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Rudolph Matthias
Published: December 2012

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Trafficking of Intermediate (KCa3.1) and Small (KCa2.x) Conductance, Ca2+‐Activated K+ Channels: A Novel Target for Medicinal Chemistry Efforts?
Authors: Balut Corina M. , Hamilton Kirk L. , Devor Daniel C.
Published: December 2012

Review: 142 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Mechanosensitive Channel of Small Conductance (MscS) Superfamily: Not Just Mechanosensitive Channels Anymore
Authors: Malcolm Hannah R. , Maurer Joshua A.
Published: December 2012

Review: about 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy of Adsorbed CO: New Applications in Nanocatalysis for an Old Approach
Authors: Zaera Francisco
Published: December 2012

Review: 77 refs.
Adsorption of Complex Pollutants from Aqueous Solutions by Nanocomposite Materials
Authors: Wang Yeoung‐Sheng , Hsieh Shu‐Huei , Lee Chang‐Hung , Horng Jao‐Jia
Published: December 2012

In view of water pollutants becoming more complex, both anionic and cationic pollutants need to be removed. The multi‐pollutants simultaneous removal is paid more and more attention. Hence, development composite materials for treatment complex wastewater are the aim of this study. In this research, iron–nickel nanoparticles deposited onto aluminum oxide (α‐Al2O3) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form nanocomposite materials Fe–Ni/Al2O3 and Fe–Ni/CNTs, respectively, were used as adsorbents. The adsorption capacities of Fe–Ni/Al2O3 and Fe–Ni/CNTs for AO7, HSeO, and Pb2+ were observed to be 5.46, 8.28, 27.02, and 25.6 mg/g, 15.29 and 17.12 mg/g, separately. The composite materials with negative charges were superior in adsorption of anionic pollutants. Using orthogonal experimental design and analysis of variance to co‐treat dye AO7, HSeO and Pb2+ in aqueous solutions, seven testing factors were included: (1) adsorbent types, (2) amount of iron, (3) solution pHs, (4) AO7 concentrations, (5) Pb2+ concentrations, (6) HSeO concentrations and (7) reaction time. The experimental results showed that the removal of complex pollutants AO7, HSeO, and Pb2+ on Fe–Ni/CNTs could reach up to 90% in the optimal treatment conditions. When using Fe–Ni/CNTs as the adsorbent, the sorption isothermals were well fitted in the Freundlich isotherm, and R2 could reach up to 0.98.
Clinical impact of serum exosomal microRNA‐21 as a clinical biomarker in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tanaka Youhei , Kamohara Hidenobu , Kinoshita Kouichi , Kurashige Junji , Ishimoto Takatsugu , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Watanabe Masayuki , Baba Hideo
Published: December 2012

BACKGROUND:

Exosomes are 40‐nm to 100‐nm membrane vesicles that are secreted by various cells, and they play a major role in cell‐cell communication. The objective of this study was to clarify the significance of the levels of microRNA in exosomes extracted from the sera of patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC).

METHODS:

The authors isolated exosomes in serum samples from patients who had ESCC and from patients who had benign diseases without systemic inflammation. Total RNA was purified from the exosomes, and expression levels of microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) were analyzed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS:

Serum exosomes from patients with ESCC induced the proliferation of ESCC cells in vitro. The expression levels of exosomal miR‐21 were significantly higher in patients with ESCC than those with benign diseases with and without (C‐reactive protein <0.3 mg/dL) systemic inflammation. MiR‐21 was not detected in serum that remained after exosome extraction. Exosomal miR‐21 expression was correlated with advanced tumor classification, positive lymph node status, and the presence of metastasis with inflammation or and clinical stage without inflammation (C‐reactive protein <0.3 mg/dL).

CONCLUSIONS:

The current results confirmed that exosomal miR‐21 expression is up‐regulated in serum from patients with ESCC versus serum from patients who have benign diseases without systemic inflammation. Exosomal miR‐21 was positively correlated with tumor progression and aggressiveness, suggesting that it may be a useful target for cancer therapy. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Cations in a Molecular Funnel: Vibrational Spectroscopy of Isolated Cyclodextrin Complexes with Alkali Metals
Authors: Gámez Francisco , Hurtado Paola , Hortal Ana R. , Martínez‐Haya Bruno , Berden Giel , Oomens Jos
Published: December 2012

The benchmark inclusion complexes formed by α‐cyclodextrin (αCD) with alkali‐metal cations are investigated under isolated conditions in the gas phase. The relative αCD‐M+ (M=Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+) binding affinities and the structure of the complexes are determined from a combination of mass spectrometry, infrared action spectroscopy and quantum chemical computations. Solvent‐free laser desorption measurements reveal a trend of decreasing stability of the isolated complexes with increasing size of the cation guest. The experimental infrared spectra are qualitatively similar for the complexes with the four cations investigated, and are consistent with the binding of the cation within the primary face of the cyclodextrin, as predicted by the quantum computations (B3LYP/6‐31+G*). The inclusion of the quantum‐chemical cation disrupts the C6 symmetry of the free cyclodextrin to provide the optimum coordination of the cations with the ‐CH2OH groups in C1, C2 or C3 symmetry arrangements that are determined by the size of the cation.
Roles of Ion Transport in Control of Cell Motility
Authors: Stock Christian , Ludwig Florian T. , Hanley Peter J. , Schwab Albrecht
Published: December 2012

Cell motility is an essential feature of life. It is essential for reproduction, propagation, embryonic development, and healing processes such as wound closure and a successful immune defense. If out of control, cell motility can become life‐threatening as, for example, in metastasis or autoimmune diseases. Regardless of whether ciliary/flagellar or amoeboid movement, controlled motility always requires a concerted action of ion channels and transporters, cytoskeletal elements, and signaling cascades. Ion transport across the plasma membrane contributes to cell motility by affecting the membrane potential and voltage‐sensitive ion channels, by inducing local volume changes with the help of aquaporins and by modulating cytosolic Ca2+and H+concentrations. Voltage‐sensitive ion channels serve as voltage detectors in electric fields thus enabling galvanotaxis; local swelling facilitates the outgrowth of protrusions at the leading edge while local shrinkage accompanies the retraction of the cell rear; the cytosolic Ca2+concentration exerts its main effect on cytoskeletal dynamics via motor proteins such as myosin or dynein; and both, the intracellular and the extracellular H+concentration modulate cell migration and adhesion by tuning the activity of enzymes and signaling molecules in the cytosol as well as the activation state of adhesion molecules at the cell surface. In addition to the actual process of ion transport, both, channels and transporters contribute to cell migration by being part of focal adhesion complexes and/or physically interacting with components of the cytoskeleton. The present article provides an overview of how the numerous ion‐transport mechanisms contribute to the various modes of cell motility. © 2013 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol3:59‐119, 2013.