bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Career Development among Japanese Female Game Developers
Authors: Fujihara Masahito
Published: July 2014

The purpose of this chapter is to clarify the process of female developers' career development and their characteristics based on the life stories of creative professionals employed in the Japanese gaming industry. This study followed a one-to-one semi-structured interview format and employed a qualitative methodology. The survey was conducted on 21 female game developers who have more than five years work experience in the Japanese gaming industry. One of the most important analytical results of the study is the behavioral characteristics of female game developers in their career development are that they support persons who have similar problems in the workplace, and they contribute to mentor game developers in the next generation. In conclusion, female game developers do not have clearly defined career goals; however, they have the ability to alter their work situation, and evaluate and manage it if needed. Therefore, it is important that female game developers have diverse role models. Further research directions are discussed.
The Coptic Church in South Africa: The meeting of mission and migration
Authors: Ogren David A.
Published: July 2014

Previously identified as an entrenched Egyptian community, Copts have propelled themselves into the greater Africa through two main phenomena: migration and mission. Copts have recast displacement to transcend powerlessness and loss by highlighting the sovereign opportunity to consolidate identity in new contexts and widen the fold of the Coptic community, expressed through ecumenism, holistic ministry, cultural sensitivity and the presentation of the Coptic Church as essentially ‘African’. In migration, the Coptic Church creates identity through physical presence (church buildings), recasting the narrative (African originality), employing a rubric of sovereignty (agency rather than passivity) and engaging others ecumenically (gaining Orthodox legitimacy). Beyond reaching out to migrants, much energy has been devoted to mission by establishing institutions, including a missionary training department at the Institute of Coptic Studies and a Department of African Studies in Cairo. In mission, the Coptic Church extends its influence beyond migrants to include non-Copts and non-Christians through ecumenism, social programs and the presentation of Copts as essentially African.
Association of cytochrome P450 2C9 polymorphism with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and response to concurrent cisplatin-based radical chemoradiation
Authors: Paul Sayan , Chaudhuri Tamojit , Pant M. C. , Parmar D. , Srivastava Kirti
Published: July 2014

Aims: The aim of the present study is to investigate the association between polymorphism of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) enzyme with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and response in patients receiving cisplatin-based radical chemoradiation (CT-RT). Materials and Methods: Four hundred and sixty patients suffering from locally advanced HNSCC and an equal number of healthy controls were genotyped for CYP2C9FNx012 and CYP2C9FNx013, leading to poor metabolizers (PMs) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Each case was assessed thoroughly for treatment response as per the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Results and Analysis: The frequency of heterozygous genotypes of both CYP2C9FNx012 (27.8%) and CYP2C9FNx013 (25%) were found to be significantly higher in the HNSCC cases as compared to the healthy controls. Tobacco intake in the form of chewing or smoking and alcohol intake resulted in several folds increase in the risk to HNSCC in the cases carrying variant genotypes of CYP2C9FNx012 or CYP2C9FNx013. Further, majority of the cases assessed for response (n = 436) carrying variant alleles of CYP2C9FNx012 (69.6%) or CYP2C9FNx013 (65.2%) were found to respond poorly to cisplatin-based radical CT-RT. Conclusion: The data suggests a significant association of the CYP2C9 polymorphism with HNSCC and treatment outcome underlining the importance of pretherapeutic genotyping in determining the treatment protocol.
Water—air gas exchange of elemental mercury: An experimentally determined mercury diffusion coefficient for Hg0 water—air flux calculations
Authors: Kuss Joachim
Published: July 2014

The evasion of elemental mercury (Hg0) from water surfaces is a key process in biogeochemical mercury cycling. Knowledge of the Hg0 diffusion coefficient (DHG0) in water is essential for Hg0 water—air flux calculations, but no measured value has been available. In this study, DHG0 was measured in pure water and in water of oceanic salinity within an environmental temperature range between 5°C and 30°C. A diffusion cell was constructed consisting of two chambers separated by an aqueous gel membrane allowing molecular diffusion only. The corresponding parameterizations were developed on the basis of the Eyring equation, which defines an activation energy (Ea) for the diffusion process. The temperature dependences of DHG0 (in cm2 s−1) for freshwater, DfreshHG0 = 0.0335e−(18.63 kJ mol−1)/RT, and for seawater, DseaHG0 = 0.0011e−(11.06 kJ mol−1)/RT, with R the gas constant and T the temperature in Kelvin, were thus obtained with an error of ±15%. Whereas the measured DfreshHG0 was in good agreement with the theoretical proposals of a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, DseaHG0 was clearly lower, probably because of the unaccounted effect of the polarization of mercury atoms in the salt solution, which hampers diffusion. In geochemistry applications, use of the newly determined DseaHG0 instead of the DHG0 from MD simulations would have differential effects on determinations of mercury emissions from the world's oceans. The effect on the tropical ocean would be the largest, decreasing the Hg0 water—air flux estimate by 20%. Toward higher latitudes (∼50°), the calculated emission would drop by about 10%. On the basis of a recent large data set, the estimated amount of mercury released by the Atlantic Ocean would decrease by approximately 17%.
Level and Determinants of Regional Taxes in Croatia
Authors: Bronic Mihaela , Franić Josip
Published: July 2014

The objective of this paper is to determine whether the revenues from regional (county) taxes in the Republic of Croatia are sufficient to finance current regional expenditures, and if not, why. The results show that regional taxes in Croatia are insufficient and that, according to a regression analysis, the greatest influence on regional tax revenues has the GDP per capita of the applicable region (which is also a measure of the regional's fiscal capacity). The main conclusion is that increasing regional tax revenue in Croatia would be desirable. Moreover, an efficient fiscal equalisation system is needed to help regions with lower GDP per capita (fiscal capacity) because their possibilities to collect regional taxes are limited.
Reinventing Modern European Industrial Policy – A Regional Response to the Crisis
Authors: Nahtigal Matjaz
Published: July 2014

The purpose of this article is to show that the current European Union (EU) legal framework is unnecessarily restrictive and unduly suppresses economic and developmental initiatives in many stagnating regions across Europe. More innovative industrial policies, instruments and measures should be adopted in a highly decentralized manner across the EU. Between the ‘laissez-faire’ and ‘dirigiste’ approaches, there is significant room to maneuver for more pro-active industrial and development policies. New forms of industrial policies could and should be reinvented and implemented across the EU – not to harm or distort competition, but rather to further enhance it. More than one form and framework exist for a Single Market and for the competition policies.Modern industrial policy presupposes high-quality public institutions with highly competent administration. It requires autonomy and accountability of the public administration to counter the pressures of various interest groups. The proposal to revive and articulate modern types of industrial policies across the EU is a call for comprehensive economic and social restructuring. The task of modern industrial policy is to organize and strengthen capabilities of restructuring in the direction of high-productivity activities.
Efficiency of the R&D Sector in the EU-27 at the Regional Level: An Application of DEA
Authors: Aristovnik Aleksander
Published: July 2014

The main aim of the paper is to measure the relative efficiency of the R&D sector in the EU-27 at the regional level. For this purpose, the paper applies a non-parametric approach, i.e. data envelopment analysis (DEA), to assess the relative technical efficiency of R&D activities across selected EU (NUTS-2) regions. The empirical analysis integrates available inputs (R&D expenditures, researchers and employment in high-tech sectors) and outputs (patent and high-tech patent applications) over the 2005–2010 period. The empirical results show that among regions with a high intensity of R&D activities the most efficient performers are Noord-Brabant (Netherlands), Stuttgart (Germany) and Tirol (Austria). In contrast, a wide range of NUTS-2 regions from the Baltics, Eastern and Southern Europe is characterized by an extremely low rate of knowledge production and its efficiency, particularly in Poland (Mazowieckie), Lithuania (Lietuva), Latvia (Latvija), Romania (Bucuresti-Ilfov), Bulgaria (Yugozapaden), Slovakia (Západné Slovensko), Greece (Attiki), Spain (Canarias) and Italy (Sardegna).
Territorial Changes to Municipalities and Inter-Municipal Cooperation: A Comparative Overview and Orientations for Slovenia
Authors: Rakar Iztok , Tičar Bojan , Klun Maja
Published: July 2014

Local self-government has faced a number of challenges over the past decade. The financial crisis has revealed new dimensions of the eternal question of financing self-governing local communities, while distrust and a lack of interest in participation in local democracy among the people have led to considerations of different approaches to public decision-making concerning local issues. A comparative overview shows that the question of the “perfect size” of municipalities is currently very relevant and aimed at finding dimensions that would enable the municipality to ensure both local-level democracy and identity and economic efficiency in the delivery of public services. The most popular tool for achieving this goal is the merger of municipalities, although other approaches also exist, including various forms of inter-municipal cooperation. Some forms of inter-municipal cooperation have already taken firm hold in Slovenia, although the question of the potential impacts of alternative forms of inter-municipal cooperation on the democratic legitimacy of decision-making processes and the potential of these processes for the developmental breakthrough of Slovenian municipalities has yet to receive adequate attention.
Modeling the impediment of methane ebullition bubbles by seasonal lake ice
Authors: Greene S. , Walter Anthony K. M. , Archer D. , Sepulveda-Jauregui A. , Martinez-Cruz K.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Microbial methane (CH4) ebullition (bubbling) from anoxic lake sediments comprises a globally significant flux to the atmosphere, but ebullition bubbles in temperate and polar lakes can be trapped by winter ice cover and later released during spring thaw. This "ice-bubble storage" (IBS) constitutes a novel mode of CH4 emission. Before bubbles are encapsulated by downward-growing ice, some of their CH4 dissolves into the lake water, where it may be subject to oxidation. We present field characterization and a model of the annual CH4 cycle in Goldstream Lake, a thermokarst (thaw) lake in interior Alaska. We find that summertime ebullition dominates annual CH4 emissions to the atmosphere. Eighty percent of CH4 in bubbles trapped by ice dissolves into the lake water column in winter, and about half of that is oxidized. The ice growth rate and the magnitude of the CH4 ebullition flux are important controlling factors of bubble dissolution. Seven percent of annual ebullition CH4 is trapped as IBS and later emitted as ice melts. In a future warmer climate, there will likely be less seasonal ice cover, less IBS, less CH4 dissolution from trapped bubbles, and greater CH4 emissions from northern lakes.
The Convergence of Ricoeur’s and Von Wright’s Complex Models of History
Authors: Cox Linda L.
Published: July 2014

The relationship between the structural identity of narrative and the truth claim of the historical narrative work is one of importance to Ricœur. He considers the attempts of two interwoven models of history emerging from analytic philosophy—explanatory and narrative—to articulate this relationship. This paper explores the trajectories of these models as well as the epistemological and ontological crises culminating from the “simple” theses of each model. The solution to these crises requires a more complex method to account for the nature of the connections underlying historical understanding. Georg Henrik von Wright’s provisional or “hybrid” model of explanation and understanding revises the simple explanatory model and is foundational for Ricœur’s own complex revision of narrativist models through his notion of questioning back. The present paper argues that the structure of this hybrid model was unsatisfactory for von Wright, and leads in the direction of Ricœur’s own narrative method. Keywords: Ricœur, von Wright, Narrative, History, Questioning back. Résumé La relation entre l’identité structurale du récit et la prétention à la vérité de l’œuvre de récit historique est fondamentale chez Ricœur. Il considère que les deux modèles historiographiques de provenance analytique – le modèle explicatif et le modèle narratif – peuvent s’articuler. Cet article explore les trajectoires de ces modèles autant que les crises épistémologiques et ontologiques qui culminent dans chacune des thèses prise dans un sens unilatéral. La solution pour remédier à ces crises requiert une méthode plus complexe pour tenir compte de la nature des liens qui sous-tendent la compréhension historique. Le modèle d’explication et de compréhension, provisoire et “hybride,” de Georg Henrik von Wright permet de réviser le simple modèle explicatif. Ceci est fondamental pour comprendre  la révision complexe que Ricœur apporte aux modèles narrativistes à travers la reprise de la notion de “questionnement à rebours.” La présente contribution fait valoir que la structure de ce modèle hybride n’est pas satisfaisante pour von Wright, et débouche dans le sens de la méthode narrative proposée par Ricœur.Mots-clés: Ricœur, von Wright, Narrative, Histoire, Questionnenement à rebours.
The Later Wittgenstein and the Later Husserl on Language
Authors: Ricoeur Paul
Published: July 2014

This article presents an edited version of lectures given by Paul Ricœur at Johns Hopkins University in April 1966. Ricœur offers a comparative analysis of Wittgenstein’s and Husserl’s late works, taking the problem of language as the common ground of investigation for these two central figures of phenomenology and analytic philosophy. Ricœur develops his study in two parts. The first part considers Husserl’s approach to language after the Logical Investigations and concentrates on Formal and Transcendental Logic; leaving a transcendental reflection on language behind it re-examines a phenomenological conception, according to which the sphere of logic is not separable from that of experience. The main focus of the second part is Wittgenstein’s later philosophy as it moved on from the conception of an isomorphic relation between language and the world, as set out in the picture theory in the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, to the more pragmatic notion of a language-game in the Philosophical Investigations. In order to get beyond the irrevocable differences between the two philosophies and the unresolved theoretical issues on both sides, Ricœur suggests turning to a semiological paradigm based on the Saussurean distinction between “language” and “speaking.”Keywords: Analytic Philosophy, Husserl, Phenomenology, Semiology, Wittgenstein.Résumé Cet article est une version éditée de conférences données par Paul Ricœur à la Johns Hopkins University en avril 1966. Ricœur propose une analyse comparée des dernières œuvres de Wittgenstein et Husserl, avec le problème du langage comme sol commun d’investigations pour ces deux figures centrales de la phénoménologie et la philosophie analytique. Cette analyse de Ricœur se joue à travers deux parties. La première partie revient sur l'approche du langage chez Husserl depuis Recherches logiques avec une attention particulière aux développements de Logique formelle et logique transcendantale; dans le cadre d’une réflexion transcendantale sur le langage il revient sur une conception phénoménologique selon laquelle, le domaine du logique n’est pas séparable de celui de l'expérience. La deuxième partie se concentre principalement sur la dernière philosophie de Wittgenstein alors qu’il s'est départi de l’idée d’une relation isomorphique entre le langage et le monde telle que posée par la théorie du tableau dans le Tractatus logico-philosophicus, pour s’engager vers la notion plus pragmatique de jeu de langage dans les Investigations philosophiques. Afin de surmonter les différences irrémédiables entre les deux philosophies et, dans une certaine mesure, certains des problèmes théoriques non résolus depuis les deux bords, Ricœur fait finalement référence à un paradigme sémiologique et à la distinction saussurienne entre “langue” et “parole.”Mots-clés: Husserl, phénoménologie, sémiologie, philosophie analytique, Wittgenstein
Maintaining Class Actions in Tax Cases: Why Have Federal Litigants Been so Much Less Successful?
Authors: Crane Charlotte
Published: July 2014

Class actions challenging tax collections and seeking refunds are commonplace to state tax administrators in many jurisdictions. In stark contrast, however, class actions remain unusual in the various federal courts in which suits claiming that federal taxes have been illegally collected can be brought. This paper will attempt to offer some tentative explanations for this disparity. The disparity can be easily generalized. The federal courts have viewed their ability to interfere with tax processes as strictly a matter of limited jurisdiction under specific statutory provisions. Taking their cues from statutes that clearly were intended to limit their power in tax cases, the federal courts have been relatively unwilling to interpret these statutes in ways that expand taxpayers’ remedies. State courts, on the other hand, seem far more likely to apply the same approach to tax cases as they would apply to any other civil case involving private parties, and as a result, feel far less hesitation in taking a more generous approach to taxpayers’ remedies. Why?
Reuse, temporal dynamics, interest sharing, and collaboration in social tagging systems
Authors: Santos-Neto Elizeu , Condon David , Andrade Nazareno , Iamnitchi Adriana , Ripeanu Matei
Published: July 2014

User–generated content shapes the dynamics of the World Wide Web. In particular, collaborative tagging represents a simple, yet powerful, feature that enables users to share and collaboratively annotate content such as photos and URLs. This collaborative behavior and the pool of user–generated metadata create opportunities to improve existing systems and to design new mechanisms. However, to realize this potential, it is necessary to first understand the usage characteristics of current systems.This work addresses this issue by characterizing three tagging systems (CiteULike, Connotea and del.icio.us) while focusing on three aspects: i) the patterns of information (tags and items) production; ii) the temporal dynamics of users’ tag vocabularies; and, iii) the social aspects of tagging systems. The analysis of the patterns of information production shows that users publish new content more often than they annotate already existing content in the system. The opposite, however, occurs for tags; the level of tag reuse is much higher. The study of the temporal dynamics of user vocabularies shows that the growth rate of tag vocabularies across the user population over time decreases at early ages, stabilizes, and returns to increase for older users. Moreover, a closer look into the change of vocabulary contents over time shows that despite the fact that tag vocabularies are slowly growing in size with user age, the relative frequency in which each tag is used converges relatively quickly in a users lifetime. Finally, the characterization of social aspects of tagging unveils the relationship between the implicit user ties, as inferred from the similarity between users’ activity, and their explicit social ties, as represented by co–membership in discussion groups or semantic similarity between tag vocabularies.
BAKHTIN E A AVALIAÇÃO ESCOLAR: DIMENSÕES ÉTICAS NO ATO DE AVALIAR A APRENDIZAGEM DE LÍNGUAS
Authors: Ferreira-Rosa Ismael
Published: July 2014

Este artigo tem por fito, a partir do escrutínio de um simulado avaliativo de Língua Portuguesa (SIMA) aplicado ao sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola municipal em Catalão-GO, analisar e problematizar o ato de avaliar no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de línguas, em especial, da língua portuguesa. Tendo por base os estudos bakhtinianos sobre sujeito, língua, ato e ética buscaram-se as noções balizadoras de sujeito e língua que suportaram a arquitetônica de tal SIMA e, em seguida, inquiriram-se essas noções, apontando algumas considerações que nada tiveram de procedimentais ou norteadoras de ações no âmbito da avaliação, apenas como suscitadoras de posicionamentos sobre o ato de avaliar, interpelando professores a empreenderem tomadas de posição em suas práticas avaliativas e proverem aberturas éticas nessas práticas, de modo a deixar um pouco de lado as marcas arraigadas do avaliar como mensurar um dado conhecimento, um dado saber.
“ ‘COÇA... COÇA... PULA... PULA... OLHA A PURGA!’: PRÁTICAS DE ENSINO DE LÍNGUA MATERNA NOS ANOS INICIAIS – ESBOÇANDO UM OLHAR TRANSDISCIPLINAR PARA AS RELAÇÕES ENTRE SUJEITO, LÍNGUA E IDENTIDADE, NA PERSPECTIVA DA LA”
Authors: Rodrigues Carrijo Fabiana
Published: July 2014

Não se pretende aqui realizar um trabalho eminentemente teórico, circunscrevendo os espaços possíveis, as diversas e sempre novas possibilidades de olhar para a LA – enquanto um campo teórico já consolidado e com pesquisas relevantes e fartamente anunciadas não só no Brasil como no mundo, trabalho este já, habilmente, realizado por linguistas aplicados de todo o país. Importa aqui, evidenciar, trazer à baila uma pesquisa em LA que promova, incite, suscite futuras indagações e traga outras leituras e desdobramentos. Nesse sentido, implica-nos trazer o local, o saber local vivenciado e colocado à prova em uma Escola Pública Municipal de Catalão/GO que atende quatorze bairros de periferia e que vivencia os problemas, as singularidades, as dificuldades de se ensinar a língua materna para aqueles alunos que, em sua maioria, têm seu primeiro e único contato com o registro da língua materna apenas e tão somente na Escola. Assim, circunscritos nos escopos teóricos da LA e de outros de seus campos de interface, entre eles, o da Pedagogia Crítica, a dos Estudos Pós-Modernos pretende-se olhar para o Ensino de Língua Materna, desta feita concebendo o professor e o aluno enquanto instâncias: a de sujeito-ensinante e de sujeito-aprendente em um processo de mão dupla.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES EM DIFERENTES CONTEXTOS: HISTORICIDADE, DESAFIOS, PERSPECTIVAS E EXPERIÊNCIAS FORMATIVAS NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Garcia Barbosa Ivone
Published: July 2014

Desde a década de 1980, a formação dos profissionais da educação infantil tem ocupado posição de destaque na educação brasileira, ampliando-se sua ênfase na legislação, nas políticas públicas, na atuação dos movimentos sociais e na produção científica. A historicidade e as contradições na formação de professores para a educação de crianças de zero a seis anos, o pro-Infantil, seus desafios e perspectivas na formação de professores são objeto deste artigo para o qual atingir todos os objetivos propostos nesse programa não depende do empenho dos professores cursistas e da dinâmica da formação do curso, pois são necessárias ações também no âmbito político e social. Por tradição econômica, política e cultural os professores que atuam na educação infantil são em sua maioria pertencentes às famílias de baixa renda e considerados de modo discriminatório. A formação, então, não só deve implicar na aprendizagem de conteúdos e conceitos, mas, sobretudo, de valores, princípios e revisões críticas sobre o sistema capitalista e o lugar social e cultural que ocupam, inclusive como professores, resgatando o autoconceito positivo destes e de suas ações. A grande defesa dos movimentos sociais é de que o professor de Educação Infantil deve ser formado nos Cursos de Pedagogia, nas Faculdades ou Centros de Educação.
O PRAZER NEGADO E O PRAZER PERMITIDO: INFERÊNCIAS PARA A EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Da Silva Sérgio Pereira
Published: July 2014

Este ensaio procura pensar a dialética do prazer negado e do prazer permitido, na constituição da subjetividade e da educação humanas. Para tal, este processo é analisado a partir de três dualismos: alienação/onilateralidade; liberdade/civilização e heteronomia/autonomia. O autor transita por conceitos filosóficos, psicanalistas e pedagógicos defendendo o argumento de que uma verdadeira liberdade e um verdadeiro prazer pressupõem o compromisso moral com a sociedade, na lógica de construir e manter a civilização. A partir desta tese, e/ou em todo o texto, o autor faz inferências para educação infantil.
POR UM CONCEITO CRÍTICO DE COMPETÊNCIA NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Plantamura Vitangelo
Published: July 2014

O estudo parte das mudanças no mundo do trabalho e no mundo da vida, e discute as repercussões dessas na formação dos professores, afirmando um contexto formativo e inovador dentro do qual os saberes e competências encontrem espaços para a inovação, a construção e a reconstrução. A leitura e a escrita da própria história e da história do mundo é a base do conceito de presença histórica, encontrando na zona de inovação o contexto formativo das competências que se apóia na prática reflexiva, artística, científica e política
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA POESIA NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFISSIONAIS DO ENSINO DE LITERATURA E SUJEITOS-LEITORES
Authors: Camargo Flávio Pereira
Published: July 2014

a poesia tem uma importância fundamental para a formação crítico-reflexiva do sujeito-leitor. A poesia possibilita ao homem o encontro com a cultura humanística, como espaço de revelação e reconhecimento do prazer, da fantasia e da realidade circundante ao leitor infantil, além de propiciar-lhe uma leitura ampla e crítica dos valores vigentes na sociedade.
A FORMAÇÃO PRÁTICA DE FUTUROS PROFESSORES E A APRENDIZAGEM DA DOCÊNCIA
Authors: França Dimair de Souza
Published: July 2014

As propostas de formação de professores em curso na atualidade apresentam um enfoque voltado para a dimensão prática desta formação, cujo horizonte é a efetivação da Prática de Ensino, obrigatória a todos quantos desejam formar-se professores. Este texto apresenta algumas reflexões sobre a formação de professores através da discussão acerca do processo de aprender a ser professor que se realiza mediante a efetivação do estágio. Aponta para a necessidade de re-significar a Prática de Ensino, por ser este o momento em que o futuro professor toma contato com o ofício de ensinar, iniciando seu processo de aprendizagem profissional da docência.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES: A IMAGEM DO MATRIX COMO RECURSO EDUCATIVO
Authors: Barros Daniela Melaré Vieira
Published: July 2014

A imagem na atualidade transformou-se numa potencialização de informação maior do que a linguagem escrita. Na seqüência, a informação transformou-se numa hipermídia de amplos e diversificados contextos. Essa hipermídia trouxe, a partir da indústria da cultura de massa, imagens reais ou, melhor dizendo, simuladas, que condicionaram a percepção humana à recepção de imagens sem muitas reflexões ou análises críticas. Nesta construção entre imagem e informação, como repensar as informações da linguagem no processo de ensino e aprendizagem? Pode-se afirmar que a falta de interesse dos aprendizes, a motivação e as dificuldades de assimilação, bem como as reflexões aprofundadas nos conhecimentos e informações, advêm dessa reestruturação da imagem e da informação no contexto atual. Pensar nessa perspectiva significa ter como referência a imagem que aqui será abordada com o filme Matrix e seus elementos. Para tanto os fundamentos teóricos para esta análise são Lévy (1999), Moran (2000) e  Irwin  (2003). O uso do Matrix tem como meta análises transdisciplinares que auxiliem o aluno a ler e compreender a conexão das tecnologias com o mundo  atual. O uso do filme nos possibilita desenvolver os conteúdos conceituais das tecnologias em sua dimensão filosófica e científica.
POLÍTICAS DE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES E SUAS REPERCUSSÕES NA SALA DE AULA
Authors: França Dimair de Souza
Published: July 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar algumas considerações acerca da formação de professores, a partir das propostas que estão tomando forma na sociedade atual e que se encontram embasadas nas políticas públicas para a área educacional, tendo como referência a sala de aula, por entender que é nesse espaço que tais medidas podem ganhar corpo, evidenciando suas limitações e possibilidades. Esse processo situa-se na intrincada relação entre formação/atuação docente, implicando reconhecer que a mudança passa necessariamente pelo professor e que é preciso construir uma nova concepção de formação que valorize o profissional e os seus saberes de referência, pois são esses profissionais os sujeitos ativos da mudança, dando-lhe forma e orientando seu sentido.
O ORIENTADOR EDUCACIONAL NO BRASIL: UMA DISCUSSÃO CRÍTICA
Authors: Pascoal Miriam
Published: July 2014

Historicamente, a orientação educacional tem sido uma das funções exercidas pelo profissional da educação denominado pedagogo. Nos diferentes estados brasileiros e nas diferentes redes escolares, este profissional, se existente, recebe denominações variadas e exerce atividades também variadas. Tal diversidade descaracteriza a real dimensão de seu fazer profissional e estabelece um conflito entre os diversos papéis desempenhados pelos diferentes profissionais da educação. Neste sentido, este artigo apresenta uma discussão crítica sobre a especificidade do trabalho do orientador educacional e mostra a necessidade de sua presença em todas as escolas da rede escolar brasileira.
Nursing Care Means Help
Authors: Quintero María Teresa , Gómez Margarita ,   Universidad de Antioquia,   Universidad de Antioquia
Published: July 2014

Objetivos: comprender el significado del cuidado de enfermería para los pacientes que han sufrido un trauma. Método: metodología cualitativa, con enfoque en la etnografía particularista, aplicable a cualquier unidad social o grupo humano aislable. Los datos se recogieron entre marzo de 2006 y diciembre de 2007, se entrevistaron 15 personas adultas que estuvieron hospitalizadas después de padecer un trauma. El estudio concluyó en noviembre de 2008. Resultados: el cuidado de enfermería significó ayuda orientada hacia la satisfacción de las necesidades físicas y de tratamiento de los pacientes, además de compañía, esperanza, comprensión y seguridad. Entendiéndose esta última como la garantía de calidad en el cuidado y la tranquilidad de ser atendidos directamente por el profesional de enfermería. Conclusión: los participantes en este estudio reconocen y describen paso a paso el cuidado de enfermería como interacciones que se dan entre ellos y la profesional que les ayuda en la ejecución de las actividades que contribuyen al mantenimiento o recuperación de su salud, justifica mantener las metas de enfermería. Dado que el cuidado por parte del profesional de enfermería da seguridad, se recomienda iniciar un trabajo activo con el fin de que éstos retomen el cuidado directo de los pacientes en las salas de hospitalización y se incentiven estudios que lleven a evidenciar el costo-beneficio al prestar un servicio con estas características.
Emotions and Stress in Persons with Coronary Disease
Authors: Tobo-Medina Natalia , Canaval-Erazo Gladys Eugenia ,   Universidad del Valle
Published: July 2014

Estudios han identificado que comportamientos, emociones y estrés están asociados con la enfermedad de arterias coronarias (EAC). Existe soporte a la hipótesis de que una zona de la corteza cerebral, ligada con las emociones, se activa ante condiciones estresantes y genera respuestas como hipertensión e infarto. Los aspectos que preceden o generan estrés y comportamientos de riesgo para EAC no son abordados en la atención en salud, y su estudio se ha centrado en la ansiedad o la depresión. La pregunta fue: ¿cuáles son los estados afectivos y emociones más frecuentes y predominantes que subyacen a la experiencia del estrés en las personas con EAC, y su diferencia según algunas características socio-demográficas? Métodos: estudio transversal correlacional, participaron 65 personas con EAC. Se empleó un cuestionario sobre 38 estados afectivos y emocionales para identificar las emociones características según frecuencia, predominio y fuerza de aparición. Resultados: se identificaron 12 características predominantes, de las cuales 10 los define afectivamente: hipersensibilidad, impaciencia, infalibilidad, miedo, excesiva preocupación por otros, autorrepresión emocional, rigidez moral, deseo de ser ejemplo para otros, sobreprotección, soledad y aislamiento. Estas se correlacionaron significativamente con la culpa, el sentimiento de infelicidad, la desolación, la angustia extrema y la desesperanza. Discusión: la excesiva importancia a la razón, al reconocimiento por otros, en detrimento de expresión de emociones y necesidades afectivas, señala conflictos internos persistentes, deficiente autocuidado y estrés emocional. Se sugiere investigar aspectos emocionales para prevención temprana y rehabilitación.
Professional Attrition and Related Factors among Emergency Nursing Staff in Cartagena, Colombia
Authors: Cogollo-Milanés Zuleima , Batista Edith , Cantillo Chanelly , Jaramillo Alicia , Rodelo Dalys , Meriño Gary ,   Universidad de Cartagena
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia del desgaste profesional y factores asociados en personal de enfermería de servicios de urgencias de cuatro instituciones de salud de Cartagena, Colombia. Método: se diseñó un estudio analítico transversal. El desgaste profesional se cuantificó con la versión española de la escala Maslach Burnout Inventory. Mediante regresión logística se controlaron las variables asociadas a desgaste profesional. Resultados: un total de 173 personas completaron en forma satisfactoria el cuestionario. La edad promedio del grupo fue 34,5 años (DE=8,6). Un total de 126 (72,4%) auxiliares de enfermería y 47 (27,6%) profesionales de enfermería. La prevalencia del desgaste profesional fue 26,6%. Insatisfacción laboral (OR=22,80; IC95% 3,02-172,2) y edad menor de 40 años (OR=2,84; IC95% 1,28-8,82) se asociaron a desgaste profesional. Conclusión: la prevalencia del desgaste profesional es alta en el personal de enfermería que labora en servicios de urgencias de Cartagena. La insatisfacción laboral se asocia significativamente a desgaste profesional. Se necesita más investigación en este campo.
Emotion, Cognition, and the Value of Literature: The Case of Nietzsche's Genealogy
Authors: Aumann Antony
Published: July 2014

One striking feature of On the Genealogy of Morals is how it is written. Nietzsche employs a literary style that provokes his readers' emotions. In Beyond Selflessness, Christopher Janaway argues that such a literary approach is integral to Nietzsche's philosophical goals. Feeling the emotions Nietzsche's style arouses is necessary for understanding the views he defends. I argue that Janaway's position is mistaken. The evidence at our disposal fails to establish that emotion is ever necessary for cognition. However, I maintain that we do have good evidence for a slightly weaker claim. The emotionally sensitive person is epistemically better off than the cold and dispassionate person. There are some truths he or she will be more likely to believe and will have better reasons for believing. I conclude that Janaway is right to defend the philosophical importance of Nietzsche's literary writing style. His error is simply that he overstates the case.
Healthcare employees’ work-related victimization and use of preventive measures
Authors: Gillespie Gordon L. , Fisher Bonnie S.
Published: July 2014

Work-related victimization affects 14.6 per 10,000 employees in the United States annually. Little is known about work-related victimization in healthcare or the preventive measures taken by employees and employers. A secondary analysis was conducted of the Workplace Risk Supplement (WRS) data from 4,213 healthcare employees. Mental health field employees reported a significantly higher percentage of being victimized while at work, worrying about victimization, having knowledge of rules or guidelines addressing workplace violence, and receiving education/information on workplace violence compared to medical field respondents. Implications for hospital administrators based on study results are presented.
Towards Correlated Sampling for the Fixed-Node Diffusion Quantum Monte Carlo Method
Authors: Berner Raphael , Petz René , Lüchow Arne
Published: July 2014

Most methods of quantum chemistry calculate total energies rather than directly the energy differences that are of interest to chemists. In the case of statistical methods like quantum Monte Carlo the statistical errors in the absolute values need to be considerably smaller than their difference. The calculation of small energy differences is therefore particularly time consuming. Correlated sampling techniques provide the possibility to compute directly energy differences by simulating the underlying systems with the same stochastic process. The smaller the energy difference the smaller its statistical error. Correlated sampling is well established in variational quantum Monte Carlo, but it is much more difficult to implement in diffusion quantum Monte Carlo because of the fixed node approximation. A correlated sampling formalism and a corresponding algorithm based on a transformed Schrödinger equation having the form of a Kolmogorov’s backward equation is derived. The numerical verification of the presented algorithm is given for the harmonic oscillator. The extension of the algorithm to electron structure calculations is discussed.
The Role of Heme Chirality in the Circular Dichroism of Heme Proteins
Authors: Woody Robert W. , Pescitelli Gennaro
Published: July 2014

The rotational strength (R) of the Soret transition in sperm-whale myoglobin (SW Mb), the hemoglobin from Chironomus thummi thummi (CTT Hb), and human hemoglobin (hHb) has been calculated using 20 high-resolution (< 1:5 Å) crystal structures. The intrinsic rotational strength due to heme non-planarity was calculated using π-electron theory and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Calculations on model protoporphyrins with a planar nucleus and with various torsional angles for the 2- and 4-vinyl substituents showed maximum R of ±0.70 Debye-Bohr magneton (1 DBM = 0.9273 · 10-38 cgs units). Viewing the heme so that the 2- and 4-vinyls are in a counterclockwise relationship, if a vinyl points toward the viewer, it contributes positively to R. Calculations of the intrinsic R for explicit heme geometries of SW Mb, CTT Hb, and hHb gave averages of 0.40±0.09, ±0:44±0.04, and +0.32±0.11 DBM, respectively. Coupling of the Soret transition with aromatic side-chain and peptide backbone transitions was also considered. For SW Mb, the magnitudes of the contributions decreased in the order Rint > Raro > Rpep. For CTT Hb and hHB, the orders were, respectively, Rint > Rpep > Raro and Rint > Raro ≈ Rpep. Human Hb ɑ chains showed the same trend as CTT Hb. Only in the hHb β chains did Raro predominate, with the order Raro > Rint > Rpep. The total predicted Rtot for SW Mb, CTT Hb, and hHb averaged +0.77±0.10 (0.56 - 0.80), -0.37±0.12 (-0.5), and +0.31±0.17 DBM (0.23 - 0.50), respectively. (Values in parentheses are experimental values.) Thus, contrary to the currently accepted view, coupling with aromatic side-chain or peptide transitions is not the dominant factor in the Soret circular dichroism (CD) of these proteins. The Soret CD is dominated by intrinsic CD of the heme chromophore, of which vinyl torsion is the major determinant. This result suggests an explanation for the large effect of heme isomerism on the Soret CD of Mb and Hb. Rotation about the ɑ-γ axis may be associated with large changes in vinyl torsion and thus substantially alter the intrinsic CD, even reversing its sign.
Maxwell’s Demon Observing Creation of a Molecular Vibration
Authors: Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann C. Aris
Published: July 2014

Quantum correlations and associated quantum information concepts (e. g. quantum discord, entanglement, quantum Maxwell’s demon) provide novel insights in various quantum-information processing tasks, quantum-thermodynamics processes, open-system dynamics, quantum molecular dynamics, and general many-body physics. We investigate a new effect of correlations accompanying collision of two quantum systems A and B, the latter being part of a larger (interacting) system B+D. In contrast to the usual case of a classical ‘environment’ or ‘demon’ (which can have only classical correlations with A+B during and after the collision), the quantum case exhibits striking new features. Here, in the frame of incoherent inelastic neutron scattering (INS) and vibrational dynamics of molecules, we report experimental evidence of a new phenomenon: quantum deficit of momentum transfer in an elementary neutron-molecule collision, in particular, in INS from single H2O molecules confined in channels with sub-nanometer diameter. The INS findings are in clear contrast to conventional theoretical expectations, but are naturally (albeit qualitative) interpreted in the frame of modern theory of quantumness of correlations, thus also proposing a new operational meaning of quantum discord and related measures.
Quantum-Chemical Ab Initio Calculations on Ala-(C5H5Al) and Galabenzene (C5H5Ga)
Authors: Mersmann Stefanie , Mouhib Halima , Baldofski Matthias , Raabe Gerhard
Published: July 2014

1

Quantum-chemical ab initio and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations employing various basis sets were used to elucidate the spatial as well as the electronic structure of C5H5Al () and C5H5Ga (2) (ala- and galabenzene). The lowest closed shell singlet states of both compounds were found to have a non-planar structure of C
S symmetry with C-X-C bond angles of about 116° (MP2/6-311++G**) and 125° (CCSD/aug-cc-pVDZ). At approximately 103°, the corresponding angles of the lowest triplets are significantly smaller. The lowest triplet state of alabenzene is also non-planar (C
S) at the MP2 level while optimization with the CCSD and the CASPT2 method resulted in planar structures with C
2v symmetry. The corresponding state of galabenzene has C
2v symmetry at all levels of optimization. The relative stability of the lowest closed shell singlet and the lowest triplet (ΔE(T
1-S
0)) state is small and its sign even strongly method-dependent. However, according to the highest levels of theory applied in this study the singlet states of both molecules are slightly lower in energy than the corresponding triplets with singlet/triplet gaps between about 0.5 and 5.8 kcal/mol in favour of the singlet states. Most of the applied methods give a slightly smaller splitting for ala- than for galabenzene. Independent of the applied method (TD-DFT/CAM-B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd)//MP2/6- 311++G** or SAC-CI/6-31++G(3df,3pd)//MP2/6-311++G**), the general shape of the calculated UV/VIS spectral curves are quite similar for the lowest singlet states of ala- and galabenzene, and the same applies to the spectra of the normal modes. The calculated UV/VIS spectra of C5H5Al and C5H5Ga are featured by long wavelength bands of moderate intensity around 900 nm at the TD-DFT and between 1300 and 1500 nm at the SAC-CI level. According to both methods these bands are predominantly due to HOMO(π)→LUMO(σ*) transitions. The results of isodesmic bond separation reactions for the singlet states indicate some degree of stabilization due to delocalization in both of the title compounds. With our best values between 29 and 32 kcal/mol this stabilization appears to be only slightly less than the previously reported value for borabenzene (∼38 kcal/mol).
A Short Review on the Magnetic Effects Occurring at Organic Ferromagnetic Interfaces Formed between Benzene-Like Molecules and Graphene with Ferromagnetic Surfaces
Authors: Atodiresei Nicolae , Caciuc Vasile , Lazić Predrag
Published: July 2014

In this article, we briefly summarize our results gained from recent density functional theory simulations aimed to investigate the interaction between organic materials containing π-electrons (i. e., several benzene-like molecules and graphene) with ferromagnetic surfaces. We show how the strong hybridization between the pz
-electrons that initially form the π molecular orbitals with the magnetic d-states of the metal influences the spin polarization, the magnetic exchange coupling, and the magnetization direction at hybrid organic-ferromagnetic interface. From a practical perspective, these properties play a very important role for device applications based on organic materials and magnetic surfaces.
Validation of the Soleris® Direct Yeast and Mold Method for Semiquantitative Determination of Yeast and Mold in a Variety of Foods
Authors: Pereault Marcelle , Alles Susan , Caballero Oscar , Sarver Ron , McDougal Susan , Mozola Mark , Rice Jennifer
Published: July 2014

A study was carried out to determine the efficacy of the Soleris® Direct Yeast and Mold (DYM) automated growth-based method for semiquantitative detection of yeast and mold in a variety of food products. A probability of detection (POD) statistical model was used to compare Soleris results at multiple test thresholds (dilutions) with plate counts determined using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Chapter 18, dilution plating procedure. Fourteen naturally contaminated food products were tested, with Soleris testing performed at three or more threshold levels for each food. Using the POD model, the majority of Soleris test results were in statistical agreement with the reference plating procedures. The exceptions included a single threshold level in yogurt, black pepper, dried fruit, and dry pet food, and two levels in nonfat dry milk and saw palmetto powder. In all but one of these instances, the exception being pet food, the statistical disagreement was due to Soleris estimating a higher level of contamination than the reference method. Results of ruggedness testing showed that the Soleris method produced accurate results even when significant variances in a critical operating parameter, incubation temperature, were introduced. Results of the internal and independent laboratory validation studies showed that the Soleris DYM method can be used as an accurate alternative to conventional dilution plating procedures for evaluation of yeast and mold counts at threshold levels, while saving as much as 72 h in analysis time.