bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards identifying the characteristics of youth with severe and enduring mental health problems in practice: a qualitative study
Authors: Bansema C. H. , Vermeiren R. R. J. M. , Nijland L. , de Soet R. , Roeleveld J. , van Ewijk H. , Nooteboom L. A.
Published: December 2023

A group of youth with severe and enduring mental health problems (SEMHP) falls between the cracks of the child-and-adolescent psychiatry (CAP) system. An insufficient understanding of these youth’s mental health problems results in a failure to accurately identify and provide support to these youth. To gain a deeper understanding, the aim of this study is to explore characteristics of youth with SEMHP in clinical practice based on the experiences of youth and clinicians in CAP. This qualitative study consisted of 20 semi-structured interviews with 10 youth with lived experience and 10 specialized clinicians in CAP. Both a thematic and content analysis was conducted to identify, assess, and report themes associated with youth with SEMHP. Themes were individual characteristics such as trauma, masking, self-destructive behavior, interpersonal distrust as well as environmental and systematic characteristics including parental stressors, social isolation and societal stressors, which go beyond the existing classifications. These characteristics profoundly impact youth’s daily functioning across various life domains, creating an interactive process, ultimately leading to elusive mental health problems and overwhelming feelings of hopelessness. The authors recommend proper assessment of characteristics in all life domains affected and their perpetuating effect on SEMHP during diagnostics in CAP. Engaging in a dialogue with youth themselves is crucial due to the nature of youth’s characteristics, which frequently transcend traditional classifications and may not be immediately discernible. It also requires an integrated care approach, entailing collaborations between educational institutions and mental healthcare providers, and attention to potential indicators of deficits in the healthcare system and society.
Impact of Long COVID on productivity and informal caregiving
Authors: Kwon Joseph , Milne Ruairidh , Rayner Clare , Rocha Lawrence Román , Mullard Jordan , Mir Ghazala , Delaney Brendan , Sivan Manoj , Petrou Stavros
Published: December 2023

Background

Around 2 million people in the UK suffer from Long COVID (LC). Of concern is the disease impact on productivity and informal care burden. This study aimed to quantify and value productivity losses and informal care receipt in a sample of LC patients in the UK.

Methods

The target population comprised LC patients referred to LC specialist clinics. The questionnaires included a health economics questionnaire (HEQ) measuring productivity impacts, informal care receipt and service utilisation, EQ-5D-5L, C19-YRS LC condition-specific measure, and sociodemographic and COVID-19 history variables. Outcomes were changes from the incident infection resulting in LC to the month preceding the survey in paid work status/h, work income, work performance and informal care receipt. The human capital approach valued productivity losses; the proxy goods method valued caregiving hours. The values were extrapolated nationally using published prevalence data. Multilevel regressions, nested by region, estimated associations between the outcomes and patient characteristics.

Results

366 patients responded to HEQ (mean LC duration 449.9 days). 51.7% reduced paid work hours relative to the pre-infection period. Mean monthly work income declined by 24.5%. The average aggregate value of productivity loss since incident infection was £10,929 (95% bootstrap confidence interval £8,844-£13,014) and £5.7 billion (£3.8-£7.6 billion) extrapolated nationally. The corresponding values for informal caregiving were £8,726 (£6,247-£11,204) and £4.8 billion (£2.6-£7.0 billion). Multivariate analyses found significant associations between each outcome and health utility and C19-YRS subscale scores.

Conclusion

LC significantly impacts productivity losses and provision of informal care, exacerbated by high national prevalence of LC.
Graded Abilities and Action Fragility
Authors: Storrs-Fox David
Published: December 2023

Recent work by Alfred Mele, Romy Jaster and Chandra Sripada recognizes that abilities come in degrees of fallibility. The rough idea is that abilities are often not surefire. They are liable to fail. The more liable an ability is to fail, the more fallible it is. Fallibility is plausibly significant for addiction, responsibility, and normative theorizing. However, we lack an adequate account of what fallibility consists in. This article addresses that problem. Perhaps the most natural approach is to say (roughly) the fallibility of your ability to F is the proportion of scenarios in which you do not F, among those in which you try to F. I argue that this approach (in all plausible versions) is mistaken. I then introduce the notion of an action’s “fragility,” and propose that we use that new notion to understand fallibility.
Values for Restricted Games with Externalities
Authors: Albizuri M. Josune , Masuya Satoshi , Zarzuelo José M.
Published: December 2023

We study cooperative games in which some of the coalitions are not viable and in addition, there are externalities among the feasible coalitions. These games are called here restricted partition function form games. For this class of games, two extensions of the Shapley value are proposed and characterized.
Ecophysiological characterisation of a Klebsormidium strain isolated from a cave environment
Authors: Futó Péter , Lengyel Edina , Futó Máté , Németh Zoltán , Pirger Zsolt , Komáromy András , Padisák Judit , Felföldi Tamás , Kutasi József , Bernát Gábor
Published: December 2023

Members of the genus Klebsormidium are ubiquitously distributed over the Earth and are among the major biological soil crust (BSC) forming microalgae. Their representatives can be found in terrestrial, aquatic, polar, desert regions and have been investigated so far from various aspects. However, the available information about Klebsormidium isolates from lamp-flora is very limited. In our work, we examined a Klebsormidium strain isolated from a Hungarian cave. The temperature optimum of its photosynthetic performance was tested by oxygen yield measurements and pulse-amplitude-modulated fluorescence, which were completed by determination of specific growth rates at different temperatures, from 10 to 40 °C. In addition, we also evaluated the brassinosteroid (BR) content of these cultures. Our results indicated that the studied microalga is capable of growing from 10 to 40 °C, with a 20–25 °C temperature optimum; these findings were in accordance with the observed hormone levels. Regarding photosynthetic performance, the oxygen yield and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements showed maxima at 30–40 °C and 35–40 °C, respectively. Moreover, the examined Klebsormidium strain demonstrates traits associated with cave adaptation, i.e., by high light utilisation factor (α) and diminished light adaptation parameter (Ik) values.
Wait for Me: Chronic Mental Illness and Experiences of Time During the Pandemic
Authors: Zelvin Lindsey Beth
Published: December 2023

As someone diagnosed with severe chronic mental illness early in my adolescence, I have spent over half of my life feeling out of step with the rest of the world due to hospitalizations, treatment programs, and the disruptions caused by anxiety, anorexia, depression, and obsessive–compulsive disorder. The effect of my mental health conditions compounded by these treatment environments means I often feel that I experience time passing differently, which results in sensations of removal and isolation from those around me. The global shutdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic seemed a way for normative bodies to experience the passing of time the way I always have. In this paper, I extend Dr. Sara Wasson’s analysis of the ways in which chronic pain resists narrative coherence to my own temporal experience of chronic mental illness, specifically my embodied experience of the pandemic. I use that embodied experience as a case study for examining how the reciprocal nature of time and narrativity, as outlined by Dr. Paul Ricoeur, can create isolation for those struggling with their temporality due to chronic mental illness. To acknowledge and grapple with the ramifications of discursive and material privilege involved in such situations, I include an analysis of Robert Desjarlais’s 1994 article “Struggling Along: The Possibilities for Experience among the Homeless Mentally Ill,” in which he investigates a similar phenomenon of being outside of structured sequential narrative time in the residents of a Boston shelter for the mentally ill.
Narcissism Moderates the Association Between Autonomy-Supportive Parenting and Adolescents’ Prosocial Behavior
Authors: Lan Xiaoyu , Ma Chunhua
Published: December 2023

Prior research has separately investigated the associations of autonomy-supportive parenting and narcissism with adolescents’ prosocial behavior, but their joint relationships with prosocial behavior have been rarely examined. The present research aimed to expand the existing literature by scrutinizing the main and interactive associations of autonomy-supportive parenting and narcissism with adolescents’ prosocial behavior. In so doing, a series of four studies (collectively N = 2023), combining cross-sectional, longitudinal, and experimental designs, were conducted. The adolescents’ mean age varied from 12.42 to 15.70 years, with a balanced representation of the sexes in those studies. Converging results across four studies showed that high narcissism magnified the positive association between autonomy-supportive parenting and adolescents’ prosocial behavior. The interaction pattern presented also suggested adolescents with high narcissism scores were more affected than others—both for better and for worse—by autonomy-supportive parenting, although this interaction might be specific to particular facets of prosocial behavior. These results were robust after adjusting for a few key covariates and survived a set of additional analyses. The present findings provide a novel avenue to explain individual differences linking prosocial behavior with those two factors and further advance precise, individualized strategies to promote adolescents’ prosocial behavior.
Thermodynamic model of 45S5 bioglass
Authors: Hruška Branislav , Chromčíková Mária , Nowicka Aleksandra , Michálková Jaroslava , Macháček Jan , Liška Marek
Published: December 2023

Shakhmatkin and Vedishcheva thermodynamic model (SV TDM) of 45S5 bioglass was evaluated at T = 800 K. From 42 considered system components, only 7 components (Na2O⋅SiO2, Na2O⋅3CaO⋅6SiO2, 3CaO⋅2SiO2, CaO⋅SiO2, 9Na2O⋅6SiO2⋅2P2O5, 2CaO⋅SiO2, and Na2O⋅2CaO⋅P2O5) were present in significant equilibrium molar amount. The calculated Q-distribution of silicate units (22.6% of Q3, 63.1% of Q2, 10.1% of Q1, and 4.2% of Q0) was compared with the Q-distribution for so-called crystalline reference state (6.3% of Q3, 93.7% of Q2). Further, both Q-distributions were compared with the MAS NMR experimental data published by different authors (e.g. 33.3% of Q3, 54.5% of Q2, and 12.2% of Q1, or 17.8% of Q3, 76.7% of Q2, and 5.5% of Q1). It was concluded that there is no principal difference between SV TDM and MAS NMR distributions of silicate units. Further the Q-distribution of phosphate units was analysed. The CRS resulted in 100% presence of Q0 units (i.e. PO
4
3−
). The SV TDM resulted in significantly broader distribution, i.e. 4.5% of Q2, 10.4% of Q1, and 85.1% of Q0. This distribution is comparable with those obtained by MAS NMR (e.g. 26.7% of Q1 and 73.3% of Q0).
Mothers’ Experiences During the 2022 Infant Formula Shortage in Washington D.C.
Authors: Sylvetsky Allison C. , Hughes Sarah A. , Kuttamperoor Janae T. , Moore Hailey R. , Murphy Jeanne , Sacheck Jennifer , Smith Emily R.
Published: December 2023

Introduction

An unprecedented shortage of infant formula occurred in the United States (U.S.) in 2022 and posed widespread challenges to infant feeding nationwide. The purpose of this study is to investigate mothers’ experiences during the 2022 infant formula shortage and its perceived impacts on infants’ diet and health.

Methods

Mothers (n = 45) of infants under 8 months old from Washington D.C. were invited to participate in a virtual study meeting during the summer of 2022. Mothers completed surveys regarding their demographics, infants’ anthropometrics, infant feeding practices, information they have received about infant feeding, and knowledge about infant feeding practices. They then participated in a qualitative interview about their experiences during the infant formula shortage.

Results

Overarching themes were: the shortage (1) had adverse impacts on mothers’ mental and emotional health; (2) had significant financial and intangible costs; (3) led to changes in infant feeding practices; (4) social and family networks were helpful in navigating the shortage; and (5) mothers felt fortunate to have resources to breastfeed and/or obtain formula.

Discussion

The infant formula shortage adversely impacted mothers’ mental and emotional health, and was costly, in terms of financial and intangible costs. Findings demonstrate the need to develop clinical and policy approaches to support mothers in feeding their infants and provide education about safe infant feeding practices.
Analytical and numerical stability analysis of a toroidal wheel with nonholonomic constraints
Authors: G. Agúndez A. , García-Vallejo D. , Freire E.
Published: December 2023

In this paper, a detailed and comprehensive linear stability analysis of a rolling toroidal wheel is performed. The wheel is modeled as a rigid toroid-shaped body rolling without slipping on a horizontal surface. The nonlinear equations of motion constitute a Differential-Algebraic Equations system, given by the dynamic equilibrium equations augmented with the nonholonomic constraints, which arise from the no-slip condition. The circular steady motion and the linearized equations of motion along this relative equilibrium are obtained, for both the solid and hollow tori. The expressions of the linearized equations and the corresponding eigenvalues are derived analytically as a function of the torus aspect ratio. The variation of the stability boundary with the torus aspect ratio is shown. A comparison of the results obtained in the solid and hollow scenarios is included, and all the results are validated with the rolling hoop, which corresponds to a degenerate torus with zero aspect ratio. In the particular case of the steady straight-line rolling and spinning about a vertical diameter, which constitute limit motions of the circular steady motion, the critical rotational and angular speeds required for stabilization are obtained.
The ambiguity of BERTology: what do large language models represent?
Authors: Buder-Gröndahl Tommi
Published: December 2023

The field of “BERTology” aims to locate linguistic representations in large language models (LLMs). These have commonly been interpreted as representing structural descriptions (SDs) familiar from theoretical linguistics, such as abstract phrase-structures. However, it is unclear how such claims should be interpreted in the first place. This paper identifies six possible readings of “linguistic representation” from philosophical and linguistic literature, concluding that none has a straight-forward application to BERTology. In philosophy, representations are typically analyzed as cognitive vehicles individuated by intentional content. This clashes with a prevalent mentalist interpretation of linguistics, which treats SDs as (narrow) properties of cognitive vehicles themselves. I further distinguish between three readings of both kinds, and discuss challenges each brings for BERTology. In particular, some readings would make it trivially false to assign representations of SDs to LLMs, while others would make it trivially true. I illustrate this with the concrete case study of structural probing: a dominant model-interpretation technique. To improve the present situation, I propose that BERTology should adopt a more “LLM-first” approach instead of relying on pre-existing linguistic theories developed for orthogonal purposes.
Expected utility, independence, and continuity
Authors: Ozbek Kemal
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we provide two novel expected utility theorems by suitably adjusting the independence and continuity axioms. Our first theorem characterizes expected utility preferences using weak versions of the independence axiom (with varying mixture weights) and a new weak continuity axiom. Our second theorem characterizes these preferences using weaker versions of the independence axiom (with mixture weights fixed at 1/2) and a strong topological continuity axiom. We provide useful examples to illustrate the tightness of these characterizations.
MRI findings of malignant transformation arising from mature cystic teratoma of the ovary: comparison with benign mature cystic teratoma
Authors: Kawaguchi Masaya , Kato Hiroki , Furui Tatsuro , Noda Yoshifumi , Hyodo Fuminori , Miyazaki Tatsuhiko , Matsuo Masayuki
Published: December 2023

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of MRI findings to differentiate malignant transformation arising from mature cystic teratoma (MT-MCT) of the ovary from benign mature cystic teratoma (BMCT).

Materials and methods

This study included 11 patients with histopathologically proven MT-MCT and 50 with BMCT. Overall, 7 patients with MT-MCT and all 50 with BMCT underwent unenhanced and contrast-enhanced MRIs and 4 with MT-MCT only underwent unenhanced MRIs. The MRI findings were evaluated and compared between the two diseases.

Results

The median age (55 vs. 38 years, p < 0.01) and maximum diameter (109 vs. 65 mm, p < 0.01) were higher in MT-MCT than in BMCT. Fat component occupancy was lower in MT-MCT than in BMCT (median, 5% vs. 63%, p < 0.01). Only MT-MCT exhibited irregular tumor margins (64%), peritoneal dissemination (18%), and abnormal ascites (27%). The solid components were more commonly observed in MT-MCT than in BMCT (100% vs. 32%, p < 0.01) on contrast-enhanced images. The maximum diameter of solid components in MT-MCT was larger than that in BMCT (median, 61 mm vs. 14 mm, p < 0.01). In MT-MCT, the common configuration of solid components was endophytic or exophytic sessile (85%), whereas in BMCT, it was endophytic papillary (88%).

Conclusion

Compared with BMCT, MT-MCT demonstrated a larger maximum diameter, lower occupancy rate of fat components, and sessile solid components. The characteristic configuration of solid components was endophytic or exophytic sessile in MT-MCT and endophytic papillary in BMCT.
Assessment of the sensitivity of model responses to urban emission changes in support of emission reduction strategies
Authors: Bessagnet Bertrand , Cuvelier Kees , de Meij Alexander , Monteiro Alexandra , Pisoni Enrico , Thunis Philippe , Violaris Angelos , Kushta Jonilda , Denby Bruce R. , Mu Qing , Wærsted Eivind G. , Vivanco Marta G. , Theobald Mark R. , Gil Victoria , Sokhi Ranjeet S. , Momoh Kester , Alyuz Ummugulsum , VPM Rajasree , Kumar Saurabh , Bossioli Elissavet , Methymaki Georgia , Brzoja Darijo , Milić Velimir , Cholakian Arineh , Pennel Romain , Mailler Sylvain , Menut Laurent , Briganti Gino , Mircea Mihaela , Flandorfer Claudia , Baumann-Stanzer Kathrin , Hutsemékers Virginie , Trimpeneers Elke
Published: December 2023

The sensitivity of air quality model responses to modifications in input data (e.g. emissions, meteorology and boundary conditions) or model configurations is recognized as an important issue for air quality modelling applications in support of air quality plans. In the framework of FAIRMODE (Forum of Air Quality Modelling in Europe, https://fairmode.jrc.ec.europa.eu/) a dedicated air quality modelling exercise has been designed to address this issue. The main goal was to evaluate the magnitude and variability of air quality model responses when studying emission scenarios/projections by assessing the changes of model output in response to emission changes. This work is based on several air quality models that are used to support model users and developers, and, consequently, policy makers. We present the FAIRMODE exercise and the participating models, and provide an analysis of the variability of O3 and PM concentrations due to emission reduction scenarios. The key novel feature, in comparison with other exercises, is that emission reduction strategies in the present work are applied and evaluated at urban scale over a large number of cities using new indicators such as the absolute potential, the relative potential and the absolute potency. The results show that there is a larger variability of concentration changes between models, when the emission reduction scenarios are applied, than for their respective baseline absolute concentrations. For ozone, the variability between models of absolute baseline concentrations is below 10%, while the variability of concentration changes (when emissions are similarly perturbed) exceeds, in some instances 100% or higher during episodes. Combined emission reductions are usually more efficient than the sum of single precursor emission reductions both for O3 and PM. In particular for ozone, model responses, in terms of linearity and additivity, show a clear impact of non-linear chemistry processes. This analysis gives an insight into the impact of model’ sensitivity to emission reductions that may be considered when designing air quality plans and paves the way of more in-depth analysis to disentangle the role of emissions from model formulation for present and future air quality assessments.
Robot-Mediated Nudges for Workplace Health: Not a One-Size-Fits-All Modeling Problem
Authors: Preston Rhian C. , Dinsdale Kenna , Shippy Madison R. , Fitter Naomi T.
Published: December 2023

Prolonged sedentary behavior in the vast population of office and remote workers leads to increased cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health challenges, and existing solutions for encouraging breaks are either costly health coaches or notification systems that are easily ignored. A socially assistive robot (SAR) for promoting healthy workplace practices could provide the physical presence of a health coach along with the scalability of a notification system. To investigate the impact of such a system, we implemented a SAR as an alternative break-taking support solution and examined its impact on individual users’ break-taking habits over relatively long-term deployments. We conducted an initial two-month-long study (N = 7) to begin to understand the robot’s influence beyond the point of novelty, and we followed up with a week-long data collection (N = 14) to augment the dataset size. The resulting data was used to inform a robot behavior model and formulate possible methods of personalizing robot behaviors. We found that uninterrupted sitting time tended to decrease with our SAR intervention. During model formulation, we found participant responsiveness to the break-taking prompts could be classified into three archetypes and that archetype-specific adjustments to the general model led to improved system success. These results indicate that break-taking prompts are not a one-size-fits-all problem, and that even a small dataset can support model personalization for improving the success of assistive robotic systems.
Inhibition of USP30 Promotes Mitophagy by Regulating Ubiquitination of MFN2 by Parkin to Attenuate Early Brain Injury After SAH
Authors: Liu Yang , Yao Chenbei , Sheng Bin , Zhi Simin , Chen Xiangxin , Ding Pengfei , Zhang Jiatong , Tao Zhennan , Li Wei , Zhuang Zong , Mao Jiannan , Peng Zheng , Yan Huiying , Jin Wei
Published: December 2023

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a type of stroke with a high disability and mortality rate. Apoptosis caused by massive damage to mitochondria in neuron cells and inflammatory responses caused by high extracellular ATP lead to poor outcomes. USP30 is a deubiquitinating enzyme that inhibits mitophagy, resulting in a failure to remove damaged mitochondria in a timely manner after SAH; nevertheless, the pathway through which USP30 inhibits mitophagy is unknown. This study evaluated the neuroprotective role and possible molecular basis by which inhibiting USP30 to attenuate SAH-induced EBI by promoting neuronal mitophagy. We used an in vitro model of hemoglobin exposure and an in vivo model of intravascular perforation. Increased expression of USP30 was found after SAH in vivo and in vitro, and USP30 inhibition expression in SAH mice treated with MF094 resulted in significant improvement of neurological injury and inflammatory response and mediated good outcomes, suggesting a neuroprotective effect of USP30 inhibition. In cultured neurons, inhibition of USP30 promoted ubiquitination modification of mitochondrial fusion protein 2 (MFN2) by E3 ubiquitin ligase (Parkin), separating damaged mitochondria from the healthy mitochondrial network and prompting mitophagy, causing early clearance of damaged intracellular mitochondria, and reducing the onset of apoptosis. The high extracellular ATP environment was meliorated, reversing the conversion of microglia to a pro-inflammatory phenotype and reducing inflammatory injury. USP30 inhibition had no autophagy-promoting effect on structurally and functionally sound mitochondria and did not inhibit normal intracellular ATP production. The findings suggest that USP30 inhibition has a neuroprotective effect after SAH by promoting early mitophagy after SAH to clear damaged mitochondria.
Persistent Pitch Angle Anisotropies of Relativistic Electrons in the Outer Radiation Belts
Authors: Greeley A. D. , Kanekal S. G. , Schiller Q. , Blum L. , Halford A. , Murphy K. , Raita T. , Baker D. N.
Published: December 2023

Pitch angle distributions (PADs) in the radiation belts are well characterized with sinn(α). By tracking the exponent “n,” termed pitch angle index, we are able to observe persistent and cross‐energy changes in PADs of Van Allen radiation belt electrons using Van Allen Probes particle observations. The PAD measurements are well fit down to a single satellite spin, and therefore can track spatially and temporally confined changes to determine the connection between particles and waves. With this method, we study long‐lasting and high‐energy anisotropic electron PADs during a quiet period over 2 days, 26 and 27 June 2013. One potential driver for these changes is electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave interaction with the particles. We use several ground magnetometer stations from Canadian Array for Realtime Investigations of Magnetic Activity and Finnish pulsation magnetometer network of Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory to observe waves during the 2 days of interest. The connection between the waves and particles is inconclusive, although there is some temporal overlap of the phenomenon.
Investigation of the Occurrence Characteristics and Possible Origins of Daytime Spread F Irregularities in Low Latitude Region
Authors: Wei Lehui , Jiang Chunhua , Yokoyama Tatsuhiro , Liu Jing , Yang Guobin , Hu Yaogai
Published: December 2023

A study of occurrence characteristics and morphology of daytime spread F (DSF) irregularities was conducted using ionosonde from 2013 to 2020 over low‐latitude Puer station in the China sector. In this study, a day with two or more consecutive F‐region diffuse echo ionograms within one hour from local sunrise to sunset at an altitude of 250 km is considered a DSF day. The results show that the DSF irregularities observed in different solar activity years have a similar seasonal distribution, manifesting as frequent occurrences in June solstice with a maximum occurrence near sunrise. Furthermore, the morphology of most DSFs on the ionograms is predominantly frequency spread F, with a few observed near sunrise as MSF and RSF. In contrast to in high solar activity years (HSAY, 2013–2015), an interesting phenomenon of DSF irregularities in low solar activity years (LSAY, 2016–2020) is presented. That is, in the late afternoon hours (15–18 LT), DSFs have an unexpectedly high occurrence rate during the December solstice. By analyzing the virtual height variations for iso‐frequency plots of the DSF event occurring in the afternoon, these DSF irregularities were found to be likely associated with daytime medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs). Compared with the observed characteristics of the nighttime spread F, the fossils of nighttime plasma bubbles irregularities might play a key role in the development of DSF occurring in the early morning. At the same time, the influence of daytime MSTIDs on DSF irregularities occurring in the late afternoon hours cannot be ignored.
Solar‐Induced Fluorescence Helps Constrain Global Patterns in Net Biosphere Exchange, as Estimated Using Atmospheric CO2 Observations
Authors: Zhang Mingyang , Berry Joseph A. , Shiga Yoichi P. , Doughty Russell B. , Madani Nima , Li Xing , Xiao Jingfeng , Wen Jiaming , Sun Ying , Miller Scot M.
Published: December 2023

Solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) shows enormous promise as a proxy for photosynthesis and as a tool for modeling variability in gross primary productivity and net biosphere exchange (NBE). In this study, we explore the skill of SIF and other vegetation indicators in predicting variability in global atmospheric CO2 observations, and thus global variability in NBE. We do so using a 4‐year record of CO2 observations from NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 satellite and using a geostatistical inverse model. We find that existing SIF products closely correlate with space‐time variability in atmospheric CO2 observations, particularly in the extratropics. In the extratropics, all SIF products exhibit greater skill in explaining variability in atmospheric CO2 observations compared to an ensemble of process‐based CO2 flux models and other vegetation indicators. With that said, other vegetation indicators, when multiplied by photosynthetically active radiation, yield similar results as SIF and may therefore be an effective structural SIF proxy at regional to global spatial scales. Furthermore, we find that using SIF as a predictor variable in the geostatistical inverse model shifts the seasonal cycle of estimated NBE and yields an earlier end to the growing season relative to other vegetation indicators. These results highlight how SIF can help constrain global‐scale variability in NBE.
Impact of chlorite dehydration on intermediate-depth earthquakes in subducting slabs
Authors: Kim Dohyun , Jung Haemyeong , Lee Jungjin
Published: December 2023

Intermediate-depth earthquakes are common in the double seismic structures of many subduction zones under high pressures (~1–4 GPa). Serpentine dehydration exhibits well-established links with double seismic zone earthquakes. Additionally, dehydration of several hydrous minerals including lawsonite and chlorite underlying the upper and lower layers, respectively, may be responsible for intermediate-depth earthquakes. Here, we present experimental evidence suggesting that chlorite dehydration can trigger intermediate-depth earthquakes at the lower plane (~700 °C). We conducted deformation experiments on chlorite peridotite under high-pressure (0.5–2.5 GPa) and high-temperature (500–750 °C) using a modified Griggs apparatus. Experiments revealed the presence of faults in samples that had undergone partial chlorite dehydration with the presence of the dehydration product Ca-amphibole along these faults. Our findings confirm, together with correlation studies between seismicity and mineral stability, that a part of intermediate-depth seismicity in the lower plane of double seismic zones can be attributed to chlorite dehydration.
Is the stability of folates in dried blood microsamples sufficient to perform home-sampling studies?
Authors: Heughebaert Liesl , Stove Christophe Pol
Published: December 2023

Although the use of microsamples can improve folate stability, the question 'Can folate stability in microsamples be considered sufficient to obtain reliable results when performing home-sampling studies?' should be answered with caution.
Au nanoparticle-embellished UiO-66 on reduced graphene oxide as a non-enzymatic electrocatalyst at a remarkably low oxidation potential for glucose oxidation and sensing
Authors: Yan Rongqiu , Zhou Qiongfang , Xie Hui , Lei Chenghong
Published: December 2023

An Au nanoparticle-embellished metal–organic framework UiO-66 on reduced graphene oxide (Au/UiO-66/rGO) displayed strong electrocatalytic activity for oxidation of glucose in alkaline solution at a remarkably low potential of +0.20 V vs. Ag/AgCl.
Rational design of an acceptor–chromophore–relay–catalyst tetrad assembly for water oxidation
Authors: Chalil Oglou Ramadan , Ulusoy Ghobadi T. Gamze , Saylam Aytul , Bese Damla , Bese Cagri , Yaglioglu Halime Gul , Ozcubukcu Salih , Ozbay Ekmel , Karadaş Ferdi
Published: December 2023

A covalently linked tetrad assembly, with an acceptor fullerenol group, an organic chromophore, a relay Fe site, and a catalytic Co site, is designed to facilitate the charge transfer and separation process for light-driven water oxidation.
Potassium xanthate-promoted reductive sulfuration reaction: from aldehydes to thiol, disulfide, and thioester derivatives
Authors: Feng Yingqi , Nie Jinli , Xie Sijie , He Ziqing , Hong Huanliang , Li Jian , Huang Yubing , Chen Lu , Li Yibiao
Published: December 2023

EtOCS2K is demonstrated as a potential substitute of Lawesson's reagent for reductive sulfuration of aldehydes or ketones to obtain diverse substituted thiol, disulfide, and thioester derivatives.
Water-soluble fullerenol-mediated electron transfer in molecular systems toward enhanced solar hydrogen production
Authors: Liu Tongliang , Wang Fang , Zhang Zhengguo , Min Shixiong
Published: December 2023

Water-soluble fullerenol as a homogenous electron mediator can effectively promote electron transfer from the excited dye to the in situ generated Pt cocatalyst, thus greatly enhancing the photocatalytic H2 evolution activity of the molecular system.
High energy explosive with low sensitivity: a new energetic cocrystal based on CL-20 and BMDNP
Authors: Jing Suming , Deng Jiahao , Li Cong , Liu Yucun , Zhu Jin , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhang Wei , Liu Jia
Published: December 2023

A new energetic cocrystal based on CL-20 and BMDNP.
Exclusive ion recognition using host–guest sandwich complexes
Authors: Kumar Nitesh
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the microscopic level details of ion recognition in aqueous media using polyethers and the formation of stable 2 : 1 host–guest sandwich complexes with cesium ions.
Control of excitation selectivity in pulse EPR on spin-correlated radical pairs with shaped pulses
Authors: Panariti Daniele , Conron Sarah M. , Zhang Jinyuan , Wasielewski Michael R. , Di Valentin Marilena , Tait Claudia E.
Published: December 2023

This study explores the advantages and limitations of shaped narrowband and broadband excitation pulses in EPR spectroscopy on spin-correlated radical pairs, including chirp out-of-phase ESEEM.
Ruthenium polyhydrides supported by rigid PCP pincer ligands: dynamic behaviour and reactions with CO2
Authors: Donnelly Laurie J. , Lin Jian-Bin , Gelfand Benjamin S. , Chang Chia Yun , Piers Warren E.
Published: December 2023

Two ruthenium polyhydride complexes supported by rigid PCP pincer ligands with differing electron donating properties were prepared, characterized, and reacted with carbon dioxide to give formato hydride complexes.
Green recycling of spent Li-ion battery cathodes via deep-eutectic solvents
Authors: Wang Jingxiu , Lyu Yanqiu , Zeng Rong , Zhang Shilin , Davey Kenneth , Mao Jianfeng , Guo Zaiping
Published: December 2023

This review highlights deep-eutectic solvents for green recycling of spent Li-ion battery cathodes towards future commercialization.
Progress in techniques for improving the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Cao Chen , Li Zhongjie , Shen Fan , Zhang Qin , Gong Ying , Guo Hengyu , Peng Yan , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: December 2023

Enhancing the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators through surface modification, mechanical design and power management.
Three-dimensional rotation of deformable cells at a bipolar electrode array using a rotating electric field
Authors: Wu Yupan , Yue Yuanbo , Zhang Haohao , Ma Xun , Zhang Zhexin , Li Kemu , Meng Yingqi , Wang Shaoxi , Wang Xuewen , Huang Wei
Published: December 2023

A versatile and elegant method for 3D rotation of cells is proposed for the first time by exploiting a bipolar electrode array. ROT and DEP are further used for cell manipulation and detection of inherent cellular traits.
A phenylboronic acid-based smart photonic crystal hydrogel sensor for colorimetric detection of glucose
Authors: Wen Jingya , Wang Xi , Yu Hairong , Lv Xingbin , Liang Ting , Cheng Changjing
Published: December 2023

A phenylboronic acid-based smart photonic crystal hydrogel (PNAPB) sensor with good recyclability was reported for the sensitive and colorimetric detection of glucose.
Electrochemical aminotrifluoromethylation of unactivated alkenes with Langlois’ reagent as the CF3 source
Authors: An Tongshun , Qin Xiaowen , Liu Chenwei , Yuan Weiheng , Song Tanyu , Yin Zhiping
Published: December 2023

An electrochemical approach for synthesizing various trifluoromethylated pyrrolidines was developed by utilizing Langlois’ reagent as the CF3 source, and different unactivated alkenes can be converted to the corresponding heterocycles in 43–80% yields.
Synthesis of pyrazolo-azepinone derivatives via Morita–Baylis–Hillman chemistry as potent antimicrobial agents
Authors: Devi Nisha , Singh Virender , Pathania Arun Singh
Published: December 2023

A new MBH reaction mediated approach has been unfolded toward an efficient synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-c]azepinone derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents.
Thiol-free multicomponent synthesis of non-racemic β-acyloxy thioethers from biocatalytically obtained chiral halohydrins
Authors: López-Vidal Martín G. , Lavandera Iván , Barra José L. , Bisogno Fabricio R.
Published: December 2023

A novel thiol-free MCR for the mild synthesis of enantioenriched β-acetoxy sulfides using enzymatically prepared chiral halohydrins, potassium thioacetate and electrophiles is described.
NMR detection of the strained metallacycles in organolithiums: theoretical study
Authors: Kaplanskiy Mark V. , Karpov Valerii V. , Tupikina Elena Yu. , Antonov Alexander S.
Published: December 2023

The use of 1JCLi spin–spin coupling constants as descriptors of the strained metallacycles is demonstrated through quantum chemistry methods.
Synthesis of spiropyrans via Ru(ii)-catalyzed coupling of 3-aryl-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazines with benzoquinones
Authors: Wen Mengke , Zhang Mengying , Gu Fan , Geng Yuehua , Liu Xiangyang , Wu Qingnan , Yang Xifa
Published: December 2023

An efficient Ru(ii)-catalyzed C–H activation-based spiroannulation of benzoxazines with easily available benzoquinone and N-sulfonyl quinone monoimine has been realized, providing a straightforward strategy to access NH-containing spiropyrans.
Redox stabilization of Am(v) in a biphasic extraction system boosts americium/lanthanides separation efficiency
Authors: Dong Xue , Hao Huaixin , Chen Jing , Wang Zhipeng , Xu Chao
Published: December 2023

The redox effect in a biphasic extraction system leads to unprecedented stabilization of Am(v) and record high Ln/Am separation factors (>105).
Tunable sequential pathways through spatial partitioning and frustration tuning in soft metamaterials
Authors: El Elmi Asma , Pasini Damiano
Published: December 2023

We partition a large periodic soft lattice by embedding a set of soft inclusions. By using a combination of lateral confinement and angle tilting, we frustrate the domain to enable, disable, and tune sequential pathways post-manufacture.
An Area‐Efficient Integrate‐and‐Fire Neuron Circuit with Enhanced Robustness against Synapse Variability in Hardware Neural Network
Authors: Shah Arati Kumari , Udaya Mohanan Kannan , Park Jisun , Shin Hyungsoon , Cho Eou-Sik , Cho Seongjae
Published: December 2023

Neuron circuits are the fundamental building blocks in the modern neuromorphic system. Designing compact and low‐power neuron circuits can significantly improve the overall area and energy efficiencies of a neuromorphic chip architecture. Here, practical neuron circuits must overcome the variations arising from nonideal behaviors of synaptic devices, such as stuck‐at‐fault and conductance deviation. In this study, a compact leaky integrate‐and‐fire neuron circuit has been designed, with resilience to synaptic device state variations, for hardware implementation of spiking neural networks (SNNs). The proposed neuron circuit is simulated on the 0.35‐μm Si complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor technology node by a series of circuit simulations based on HSPICE. The proposed circuit occupies a reduced area and exhibits low power consumption (14.7 µW per spike). Furthermore, the optimized circuit design results in a high degree of tolerance toward input‐current variations arising from conductance‐state variations in the synapse array. Hence, the proposed neuron circuit would be capable of substantially improving the area efficiency and reliability in the realization of the hardware‐oriented SNN architectures.
A method for determining the maximum P2P penetration considering stakeholder benefits
Authors: Larbwisuthisaroj Surapad , Chaitusaney Surachai
Published: December 2023

The rise of distributed energy resources has empowered consumers to become prosumers, generating their own electricity. This trend has led to the development of peer‐to‐peer (P2P) energy trading, where P2P participants trade energy among themselves. Since the integration of P2P energy trading can influence retail markets in distribution systems, the focus is on its effects on retail markets. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to determine the maximum P2P penetration levels on distribution systems while considering the effects on the benefits of stakeholders, including P2P participants, retail customers, and distribution system operators. The proposed method also assesses the impact of P2P energy trading on two schemes: the impact on buy‐from‐grid prices for retail customers and the impact on social benefits. The analysis revealed three distinct zones of photovoltaic and P2P penetration: the P2P restricted zone, the P2P with curtailment zone, and the P2P free trading zone. By examining these zones, the maximum P2P penetration levels—which ensure that buy‐from‐grid prices and social benefits remain within acceptable thresholds—can be determined. This study enables DSOs to find the maximum P2P penetration level at which a balance of stakeholders’ benefits can be achieved and non‐beneficial effects on retail customers do not occur.
Dual encoding DDS‐UNet liver tumour segmentation based on multi‐scale deep and shallow feature fusion
Authors: Li JianFeng , Niu YanMin
Published: December 2023

The fusion and utilization of multi‐scale deep and shallow features are of great significance in liver tumour segmentation. This study proposes a dual encoding DDS‐UNet liver tumour segmentation method based on multi‐scale deep and shallow feature fusion, aiming to fully achieve the fusion and utilization of deep and shallow features and achieve accurate segmentation. The proposed method mainly consists of residual convolution module fusion residual convolution (FRC), dual encoding end fusion module dual encoding end fusion (DEF), and skip connection fusion module jump connection fusion module (JCF). In the residual convolution module, a layer by layer fused residual convolution is used instead of traditional convolution to achieve better training. In the dual encoding end fusion module, multi‐scale feature fusion at the end provides more comprehensive contextual information, solves the loss of spatial geometric information. The skip connection fusion module reduces the interference of invalid features by changing the weights of spatial attention and channel attention on important features. The Dice coefficient, average intersection to union ratio, accuracy, recall, and accuracy indicators tested on the LiTS dataset were 90.37%, 90.16%, 93.78%, 94.91%, and 98.84%, respectively, which are superior to many advanced liver tumor segmentation methods.
Application of switchable 4G/5G dual antenna system for laptops
Authors: Cheng Shao‐Hung , Chen Shu‐Chuan , Wu Chang‐Sheng , Nieh Jo‐Yen
Published: December 2023

This work investigates a switchable 4G/5G dual‐antenna system designed for laptops. The dual open‐slot antenna structure is straightforward, with a slot width of only 2 mm. Each individual antenna features two different feed sections located in two separate regions between the slots. Port 1 is a direct‐feeding design with 3.6 pF chip capacitance, while Port 2 is only a direct‐feeding design. When Port 1 is excited and Port 2 is terminated to 50‐Ω, the antenna is functional in long‐term evolution (LTE) low‐band (617–960 MHz) and 5G sub‐6 GHz band (3300–5000 MHz). On the other hand, when Port 2 is excited and Port 1 is terminated to 50‐Ω, the antenna is functional in the LTE medium/high bands between 1710 and 2690 MHz. The measured isolation consistently exceeded 30 dB, and the efficiency remained above 48% across the entire frequency range. The calculated envelope correlation coefficients derived from the complex E‐field radiation pattern measurements were consistently below 0.02. These findings indicate that the system is exceptionally well‐suited for applications characterised by integrated metallic environments and a high display‐to‐body ratio.
PSO‐based optimal placement of electric vehicle charging stations in a distribution network in smart grid environment incorporating backward forward sweep method
Authors: Altaf Mishal , Yousif Muhammad , Ijaz Haris , Rashid Mahnoor , Abbas Nasir , Khan Muhammad Adnan , Waseem Muhammad , Saleh Ahmed Mohammed
Published: December 2023

The transition from conventional fossil‐fuel vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) is critical for mitigating environmental pollution. The placement of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) significantly impacts the utility operator and electrical network. Inappropriately placed EVCS lead to challenges such as increased load, unbalanced generation, power losses, and reduced voltage stability. Incorporating distributed generation (DG) helps mitigate these issues by maximizing EV usage. This study focuses on optimizing EVCS and DG placement in radial distribution networks. The methodology employs a backward and forward sweep method for load flow analysis and utilizes the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to determine optimal EVCS and DG locations and sizes. This approach, validated on the IEEE‐33 bus system, outperforms existing methods. Results indicate a 2.5 times greater power loss reduction compared to simulated annealing (SA), 1.6 times better than artificial bee colony, and parity with genetic algorithm (GA). Overall, the PSO algorithm demonstrates superior optimization effectiveness and computational efficiency, showcasing 1–2.5 times better performance than other methodologies. Employing this approach yields significantly improved results, making it a promising technique for optimizing EVCS and DG placement in distribution networks.