bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Security Paradigms and Social Movements
Authors: Ogawa Akihiro
Published: June 2019

In 2014, Japan’s cabinet approved a significant change to national security policy. Previously barred from using military force, except in cases of self-defence, a constitutional reinterpretation by the cabinet allowed “collective self-defence”—using force to defend itself and its allies. The decision was controversial, considering post-war pacifism is firmly entrenched in Japanese national identity. I analyse how national security has been portrayed in the policymaking process for reinterpreting the Constitution. Meanwhile, since the early 2010s, Japanese society has been rocked by demonstrations opposing this. I explore the rise of a new youth activist movement in response to the proposed legislation. In particular, I argue that new ideologies and strategies appealed to young people in the organising of various protests, focusing on how they interpret the national security discourse and locating these social movements in Japanese post-war peace activism.
Sociogenesis and Psychogenesis: Norbert Elias’s Historical Social Psychology as a Research Tradition in Comparative Sociology
Authors: Mennell Stephen
Published: June 2019

What is widely known as ‘figurational sociology’, or alternatively ‘process sociology’, is the research tradition stemming from the writings of Norbert Elias. The tradition extends beyond sociology to historians and many other branches of the social sciences. Elias’s Collected Works run to 18 volumes, but the bedrock of his oeuvre is his early study On the Process of Civilisation, in which the interrelation of long-term sociogenetic processes like state-formation and equally long-term psychogenetic processes like conscience- and habitus-formation is first clearly elaborated. Of the many directions in which the theory has been subsequently developed, the most important is Elias’s sociological theory of knowledge and the sciences, which involves a radical rejection of central assumptions of Western philosophy.
Rational Choice Theory in Comparative Sociology
Authors: Scholtz Hanno
Published: June 2019

Among schools of thought in comparative research, Rational Choice Theory (rct) is both the most systematic and the most contested. rct lacks a “classical” foundation but offers a clear internal theory structure. The rationality assumption contains an unquestioned heuristic aspect, although the determinants of choice (especially preferences) lack a universally accepted solution. The choice aspect addresses the understanding of social phenomena as the result of individual actions seen in light of the possible alternatives. This view unifies scholars in the Rational Choice tradition and leads to the macro-micro-macro-scheme. Micro-oriented comparative research has flourished through the availability of multi-level data sets in fields such as social capital theory, social stratification and mobility, including educational attainment or the inclusion of migrants, family studies, criminology, and labor markets. Institutional rct-based comparative research has addressed welfare states, religion, and general questions. In both aspects, rct leaves room for further productivity in comparative research.
Honor and Human Rights: A Comparative Study of Russia and Ukraine
Authors: Oleinik Anton
Published: June 2019

This article discusses the relative importance attached to honor and human rights in two cultures, Russian and Ukrainian. These cultures have elements of honor cultures, both historically and in the present. There are also elements of a more universalistic interpretation of human dignity that are expressed through the concept of human rights, especially in the case of Ukraine. However, the movement towards the universalistic understanding of human dignity slows down or may even be reversed in the context of a protracted war. Two sources of data inform the analysis: primary (two surveys conducted on representative samples in Russia, N = 1602, and Ukraine, N = 2020) and secondary (the complete works of two poets considered representative of the two cultures, A. Pushkin and T. Shevchenko, as well as documents in the Russian-language and Ukrainian-language segments of the Google online databank). The data were processed using methods of descriptive statistics, binary statistic regression and quantitative content analysis.
Reflection on Political Representation
Authors: Kusche Isabel
Published: June 2019

This article compares how Members of Parliament in the United Kingdom and Ireland reflect on constituency service as an aspect of political representation. It differs from existing research on the constituency role of mps in two regards. First, it approaches the question from a sociological viewpoint that emphasizes the process character of role-taking and its need for validation by others. Second, instead of relying on interviews and surveys it analyses how mps refer to aspects of constituency work in parliamentary debate. This choice of empirical material opens up a long-term view on reflections of constituency service that either validate or question understandings of the constituency role. Although mps in both countries are heavily engaged in constituency work, the analysis reveals important differences in this regard, with Irish mps recurrently criticizing their own role in the constituency, while British mps unequivocally see it in a positive light.
Rituals, Emotional Entrainment and National Identification
Authors: von Scheve Christian , Ismer Sven , Kozłowska Marta , Solms-Baruth Carolina
Published: June 2019

Although the effects of nationalized mega-events on national identification have been theorized and examined by a number of studies, little is known about the specific mechanisms that bring about changes in people’s attitudes towards their country. The authors hypothesize that during nationwide rituals, in particular sports mega-events, participants experience collective emotional entrainment in the context of national symbols and practices that in turn increases their identification with their nation. The authors present results of a naturalistic quasi-experimental study around the 2012 uefa European Football Championship with participants from Germany, the United Kingdom, and Poland. Using a multidimensional measurement of national identification, the authors show that the experience of emotional entrainment is associated with changes in symbolic, civic, and solidary facets of identification in ways specific to the different national contexts.
Still Influential: The Protestant Emphasis on Schooling
Authors: Feldmann Horst
Published: June 2019

From its beginning 500 years ago, Protestantism has been advocating and actively pursuing the expansion of schooling, including the schooling of girls. In many countries, it has thus helped to create a cultural heritage that puts a high value on education and schooling. This paper provides evidence that Protestantism’s historical legacy has an enduring effect. Using data on 147 countries, it finds that countries with larger Protestant population shares in 1900 had higher secondary school enrollment rates over 1975-2010, including among girls. The magnitude of the effect is small though. Using Protestant population shares over 1975-2010, the paper also shows that Protestantism’s influence on schooling has diminished and that contemporary Protestantism, in contrast to historical Protestantism, does not affect schooling. The regression analysis accounts for numerous other determinants of schooling.
Female Elite Grave in the Necropolis Luchistoe-2 (Southern Crimea)
Authors: Mordvintseva Valentina I. , Lÿsenko Aleksander V. , Masyakin Vyacheslav V.
Published: June 2019

The article is a publication of the Grave 1 excavated in the necropolis of Luchistoe-2, which is so far the only known archaeological site in Southern Crimea with burial structures of the Early Roman period. The article includes suggestions regarding the scale and date of the necropolis, as well as the funerary rite, costume and cultural connections of the society using the burial-ground. It was established that the published grave contained the burial of a woman of high social status (probably a priestess) dated from the late-1st or early-2nd century ad. Analysis of the archaeological material in conjunction with information about the location of the necropolis and data from epigraphic documents and ancient litterary tradition, leads to the conclusion that the burial-ground was located in ‘Taurica’ – the territory between the Greek polis of Chersonesos and the Bosporan kingdom. It was used by the population, which was designated in the written sources as Scytho-Taurians (Plin. nh., iv, 85-86; Arr. ppe. 30). These peoples were bearers of the so-called Late Scythian archaeological culture and belonged to the sphere of the Bosporan state’s cultural influence. This information can be used in further reconstructions of the ethno-political situation in the Crimea in Roman times.
Rhétorique du don : patronage, performance poétique et rétribution dans les premières décennies du califat abbasside
Authors: Hoorelbeke Mathias
Published: June 2019

Cet article, qui s’appuie sur les notices du Livre des chansons consacrées aux poètes des six premières décennies du califat abbasside, postule que le phénomène patronal est bien plus prégnant que ce qui est généralement supposé et que bien des transferts de richesses, présentés comme de libres récompenses accordées par les princes, sont en fait contraints par la relation de patronage qui unit ces derniers aux poètes. Parallèlement, la dépendance de ces derniers vis-à-vis de leurs patrons est également plus grande, puisque la périodicité des revenus qu’ils perçoivent rendent très difficile une rupture soudaine, qui renverrait le poète à l’errance de patron en patron. Pourtant, il ne faudrait pas considérer l’échange poésie contre récompense comme un simple leurre visant à masquer la crudité des rapports économiques : la très forte dimension cérémonielle de la performance poétique et de sa rétribution donnent aux deux parties l’occasion de renégocier sans cesse la relation de patronage, par un jeu d’ostension et de brouillage de ses limites exactes.
Magie et politique : événements historiques et pensée politique dans le Šams al-maʿārif attribué à al-Būnī (mort en 622/1225)
Authors: Coulon Jean-Charles
Published: June 2019

À la fin de l’époque médiévale, les cercles du pouvoir se sont beaucoup intéressés aux sciences occultes. Que l’on étudie les civilisations chrétienne ou islamique, on constate que des gouverneurs, leurs conseillers ou leurs agents faisaient la promotion de l’astrologie, de l’alchimie, de la magie, etc. À titre d’exemple, nous trouvons des copies de l’ouvrage de magie le plus important de l’Islam médiéval, le Šams al-maʿārif wa-laṭāʾif al-ʿawārif, avec des dédicaces pour des personnalités de premier plan. Les origines de ce traité demeurent obscures, d’où la paucité des recherches sur son contexte historique. Attribué à Abū l-ʿAbbās al-Būnī, un soufi maghrébin que l’on suppose mort en 622/1225, il pourrait plutôt avoir été écrit à la fin du viie/xiiie siècle ou dans la première moitié du viiie/xive siècle, à l’époque mamelouke. La tombe d’al-Būnī était l’objet de visites en tant que lieu de pèlerinage soufi et le Šams al-maʿārif est réputé contenir les secrets de ce šayḫ, connu comme étant « celui dont les prières sont exaucées » (muǧāb al-daʿawāt). Notre propos ici est d’analyser ces éléments du Šams al-maʿārif qui contiennent une dimension historique ou politique afin de mettre en évidence des perspectives politiques et l’influence de la pensée politique sur cet ouvrage. Certains éléments peuvent nous informer sur le contexte historique de l’écriture de ce livre.
The Islamic Treatises against Imitation (Tašabbuh): A Bibliographical History
Authors: Patel Youshaa
Published: June 2019

This bibliographical essay documents for the first time the treatises written on the Sunni Islamic doctrine of tašabbuh—the reprehensible imitation of others, especially non-Muslims. Since the formative period of Islam, tašabbuh has played an important role in shaping both Islamic orthodoxy and Muslim inter-religious relations. But due to a focus on the doctrine’s historical origins, existing scholarship has yet to identify the Islamic literary genre that I call “the treatises against imitation,” which was a post-formative development. To fill this scholarly lacuna, this study traces the genre’s historical evolution by creating an archive of available treatises against imitation, pre-modern and modern. Chronologically arranged and periodized, the bibliographical entries include descriptive summaries of each treatise, with references to published and/or manuscript editions and existing scholarship on the text and its author.
Dialogue and Toleration in Juan Luis Vives’s De Veritate Fidei Christianae: Vives on Muhammad and Islam
Authors: Havu Kaarlo Johannes
Published: June 2019

The article argues that Juan Luis Vives’s (1492/1493–1540) conceptualization of Islam in De veritate fidei Christianae can be placed inside the Erasmian paradigm of toleration of error. De veritate presents a fictional dialogue between a Christian and a Muslim in which the flaws of Islam are systematically traced back to the unethical nature of Muhammad. In describing the initial failure of Muhammad to grasp universal law, Vives equates the Muslim prophet with a failed legislator or a tyrant. Vives’s strategy does not save Islam but it portrays the Muslim interlocutor as a victim of an error. In the dialogue the Muslim appears as a man of good judgment, he is adopted into the sphere of dialogue but only in order to overcome his error.
On the Execution of Investment Arbitral Awards in Recent Case Law
Authors: Sardu Alessandra
Published: June 2019

This article examines the peculiarities and points of criticism of the execution of investment arbitral awards. It specifically addresses the potential obstacles to the execution of investment arbitral awards based on recent case law. First, the article focuses on the differences existing between the phases of enforcement and execution of investment arbitral awards, with special regard to the procedural frameworks of investment arbitration that are most commonly utilized. Secondly, the issue of the interrelation between these two phases is addressed in the light of national case law, given that enforcement of an arbitral award has a preliminary function for the purpose of its actual execution, in addition to representing an obstacle to the latter. Before focusing on the legal defenses to forcible execution that can undermine the entire efficacy of an arbitral award, the article explores those defenses raised to avoid an award’s enforcement.
Data Protection and Biobanks in 2018
Authors: Herveg Jean
Published: June 2019

Data protection rules applies to biobanks’ activities to the extent that they fall under the scope of the General Data Protection Regulation, which is already susceptible to raising some difficult issues to solve. If subjected to it, biobanks’ activities will have to comply with the applicable substantive rules governing data processing, data subject’s rights, obligations of data controller and processor, without omitting the specific authorities and mechanisms ensuring data protection effectiveness.
Differentiated Human Rights of Migrant Spouses Based on Nationalities in Taiwan
Authors: Chien Te-Yuan
Published: June 2019

In Taiwan, there were 530,512 migrant spouses in 2017 and, among them, 337,838 (about 63.7 per cent) came from China. However, Chinese spouses have to spend two years more than other foreign spouses to receive residency. Due to the political complexities between China and Taiwan, this differentiated treatment is a controversial issue. Nevertheless, some advocates have urged legislators to propose amendments, whereas others support raising the issue in the Constitutional Court.

This article contends that the period it takes for Chinese and other foreign spouses to receive residency should be equal. Furthermore, the article suggests that it is more suitable for the legislative branch to use its plenary power in dealing with the political issues than the judicial branch, similar to how the United States (us) resolved disputes after the enactment of the Chinese-Exclusion Act 130 years ago.

This article begins with the political and legal background to the differentiated treatment issue in Taiwan. The second part begins with the bills in Congress to eliminate the difference and outlines the interpretation of the Constitutional Court in Taiwan regarding the Chinese issues. The third part discusses the similar discriminatory treatment of the Chinese in the us after the Chinese-Exclusive Act in 1882 and how the Supreme Court dealt with those disputes. Finally, considering international treaties and the sensitivity of the political issues, this article suggests, similar to the us approach, introduction of the doctrine of plenary congressional power and the political question doctrine to resolve the disputes.
Divergence of European Union and Strasbourg Standards on Defence Rights in Criminal Proceedings? Ibrahim and the others v. the uk (13th of September 2016)
Authors: Soo Anneli
Published: June 2019

In Directive 2013/48/eu the standard for remedies applicable in cases the right of access to a lawyer has been violated was built on the European Court of Human Right’s judgment Salduz v. Turkey (27 November 2008). Shortly before the deadline to implement Directive 2013/48/eu, the Strasbourg Court handed down its judgment on Ibrahim and the others v. the uk
(13 September 2016) significantly lowering this standard. In its ruling on 4 May 2016, the Supreme Court of Estonia interpreted the right of access to a case file upon arrest in conjunction with the Strasbourg case law, without considering that eu law might raise the standard. This article argues that the question whether to follow the Salduz- or Ibrahim-standard serves as a perfect opportunity for the European Court of Justice to clearly articulate that Strasbourg standards on defence rights form just a part of the foundation that eu standards consist of.
Stalking Victimisation: Prevalence and Dynamics amongst Spanish University Students
Authors: Villacampa Carolina , Pujols Alejandra
Published: June 2019

Stalking was recently criminalised in Spain and other European countries, following the signing of the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, despite a lack of empirical knowledge of victimisation by this phenomenon. Previous research carried out in the usa and in other European countries on victimisation by stalking with female samples has shown that young women are the most frequently victimised group. Based on those findings, research was conducted in Spain with a sample of 1,162 university students, including women and men. This paper presents the main findings of this research, determining the prevalence of stalking victimisation, the victim and stalker profiles, and the dynamics of this type of victimisation.
The Limitations of the Harmonisation of Criminal Law in the European Union Protected by Articles 82(3) and 83(3) tfeu
Authors: Rosin Kaie , Kärner Markus
Published: June 2019

Articles 82(3) and 83(3) tfeu give Member States the possibility to suspend the legislative procedure of eu criminal law. Article 82(3) allows that kind of emergency brake mechanism for the process of adopting minimum standards for harmonising rules of criminal procedure enhancing judicial cooperation in criminal matters and Article 83(3) for establishing minimum rules concerning the definition of criminal offences and sanctions. A Member State can only use the emergency brake clause when the proposal for the directive would affect the fundamental aspects of its criminal justice system. This prerequisite deserves a closer analysis, therefore the aim of this article is to interpret the meaning of tfeu articles 82(3) and 83(3) to better understand the limitations of the harmonisation of criminal law in the European Union.
Reality or Fiction? Strengthening Victims of Crime in Spain by Implementing the eu Victims’ Rights Directive and other European Legal Instruments
Authors: de Morales Romero Marta Muñoz
Published: June 2019

In this article an assessment is made of the Spanish implementation of Directive on the rights of victims of crimes and specialized eu policies and legislation in this field. Special attention is made to the European Protection Order and compensation schemes from both the State and the offender. This contribution is divided into seven parts. These include: A general overview on the victim rights’ situation in Spain with the main changes following the implementation of the Victims’ Rights Directive (2); an explanation of the Spanish compensation system for victims (3) and of protection measures for victims (4); a brief commentary on foreign victims in irregular situation (5) and a critical overview of protection measures in the field of victims of female genital mutilation (6). Final remarks will be also given (7).
In Two Minds? African Experience and Preferment in umca and the Journey to Independence in Tanganyika
Authors: Mndolwa Maimbo W. , King Fergus J.
Published: June 2019

This paper examines the role the Universities’ Mission to Central Africa (umca) played in the move towards independence in Tanganyika. It sees a paradox at the heart of the Society’s work and mission in its apparent affirmation of African experience but its seeming failure to promote African leadership. However, the lack of ecclesiastical preferment, due in part to circumstances beyond the control of the Society, could not quench its support for the value of African experience. Indeed, Christians formed in the umca tradition would go on to take key roles in government before and after independence, and eventually help to build a national church, the Church of the Province of Tanganyika (now the Anglican Church of Tanzania), which would embrace the African philosophy of Ujamaa (Unity) over narrow Anglo-Catholicism.

本篇文章检验 ‘中非大学宣教’ (umca) 在推动坦噶尼克独立过程中的角色。 本文发现此机构的工作与宣教核心中的矛盾，就是它一方面肯定非洲人的经验，另一方面它的失败却好像在于没能提拔非洲领袖。教会里的升迁， 一部分原因是超出了机构的控制范围。但是，这也不能熄灭机构对非洲经验价值的支持。的确， 从 umca 传统里出来的基督徒，独立前后在政府部门担当重职，而且最终帮助建立了一个本地教会，即坦噶尼克省教会（现为坦桑尼亚圣公会）。它包容了Ujamaa (合一) 的非洲哲学，而不是狭隘的圣公会高派教。

Este artículo examina el papel que la Misión de las Universidades al África Central (umca) jugó en el movimiento hacia la independencia de Tanganica. Puntualiza la paradoja existente entre el centro del trabajo y la misión de la Sociedad en su aparente afirmación de la experiencia africana, y lo que parece ser un fracaso en la promoción de líderes africanos. Sin embargo, la falta de puestos eclesiásticos, debido en parte a circunstancias fuera de su control, no apagó su apoyo a la experiencia africana. De hecho, los cristianos formados en la tradición umca tendrían papeles clave en el gobierno, antes y después de la independencia. Finalmente, ayudarían a la formación de una iglesia nacional, la Iglesia de la provincia de Tanganica (ahora la Iglesia Anglicana de Tanzania), que adoptaría la filosofía africana de la Ujamaa (Unidad) en lugar de un anglo-catolicismo con mentalidad estrecha.

This article is in English.
“Life because of Righteousness”
Authors: Starling David
Published: June 2019

This paper commences with an outline of the vision of the missio Dei that Paul offers to his readers in Rome, taking as a starting point the letter’s thesis statement in 1:16–17. The remainder of the paper traces the key pneumatological themes of the letter and orients them in relation to this overarching vision. The picture that emerges is one that highlights the close connectedness between the Spirit’s life-giving work and the saving righteousness manifested in Christ, proclaimed in the gospel, and at work within the church. Life without righteousness and righteousness without life are both, for Paul, equally unthinkable.

本文以保罗给他在罗马的读者提出的 missio Dei 异象的大纲为开始，用一章十六至十七节的论证作为起点，并在余下部分追溯此书信的关于圣灵论的课题，将其放在此书总括的异象之下。这样逐步出现的图画，即是赐生命的圣灵的工作与在耶稣基督里彰显的救赎的义之间紧密的联结，这救赎的义就是在福音里宣讲并在教会里运行工作的。对于保罗来说，没有义的生命和没有生命的义是同样不可思议的。

Este artículo comienza con un resumen de la visión de Missio Dei que Pablo ofrece a sus lectores en Roma, tomando como punto de partida la declaración de la tesis de Romanos 1: 16–17. El resto del artículo traza los temas pneumatológicos clave de la carta y los orienta en relación a esta visión global.

La imagen que surge es una que pone de relieve la estrecha conexión entre el trabajo vivificante del Espíritu y la justicia salvífica manifestada en Cristo, proclamada en el Evangelio, y activa en la iglesia. Una vida sin rectitud y una justicia sin vida son, para Pablo, igualmente inconcenbibles.

This article is in English.
Apostolic Evangelism in the Postcolony
Authors: Yong Amos
Published: June 2019

What does evangelism, the proclamation of the Christian gospel, look or sound like in a postcolonial era, a time in which there is a reluctance to assert a metanarrative that marginalizes the many voices of the pluralistic public sphere? Surprisingly, perhaps like how it may have originally gone forth in the first century via the apostolic followers of Jesus the Messiah. This essay suggests a re-reading of Luke-Acts, via what might be called a Pentecostal hermeneutic, one informed by foregrounding the Day of Pentecost narrative of the Spirit poured out on all flesh, in order to sketch an apostolic theology of evangelistic praxis for the contemporary post-colony.

一个后殖民的时代，是不愿对在多元的公共领域排斥多种声音的元叙事作出什么断言的。在这样的时代，宣教或者基督教福音的宣讲会是怎样的呢？令人惊讶的是，它可能就像早期透过弥赛亚耶稣的使徒追随者所传讲的那样。本文建议重读路加福音和使徒行传，或称为五旬宗式的阐释学，就是以圣灵浇灌所有凡有血气的五旬节的事件为前提，勾画出一个当代后殖民的宣教实践的使徒神学。

¿Cómo se ve o cómo suena el evangelismo y la proclamación del evangelio cristiano en una época postcolonial; una época en el que hay renuencia a afirmar una metanarrativa que marginaliza las muchas voces de una esfera pública pluralista? Quizás sea sorprendente analizar cómo pudo haberse originado en el primer siglo con los seguidores apostólicos de Jesús el Mesías. Este ensayo sugiere una relectura de Lucas y de Hechos de los apóstoles, utilizando lo que se podría llamar una hermenéutica pentecostal que pone en primer plano la narrativa del Espíritu derramado sobre toda carne en el Día de Pentecostés para esbozar una teología apostólica de la praxis evangelística para la época actual post-colonial.

This article is in English.
Indian Christians from the Depressed Castes Background and Challenges to Their Christian Identity
Authors: Varikoti-Jetty Santha K.
Published: June 2019

This article discusses Indian Christians and the denial of justice in the form of government reservations and privileges. The birth of a new social consciousness among the depressed castes after their Christian conversion was attributed to the growth of education and occupational mobility where certain basic ideas of equality and upward social mobility worked in a progressive direction. However, upon achieving independence from foreign rule, and in subsequent political calculations, the welfare of Indian Christians has been hindered as they were not extended the same privileges that are enjoyed by depressed caste people from non-Christian faiths (Hindu, Sikh and Buddhist). Therefore, this article details the denial of social justice to Indian Christians from Dalit backgrounds and calls for a redefinition of the concept of social justice to remove all inequalities and provide equal opportunities for all citizens irrespective of which religion that they choose to follow.
Strengthening the Identity of Converts from Islam in the Face of Verbal Assaults: A Study with the Background of Turkish Society
Authors: Häde Wolfgang
Published: June 2019

The study focusses on converts from Islam to the Christian faith in Turkey. Converts are confronted with special challenges. Based on Islamic theology and Turkish nationalism most Turks cannot think of positive reasons to choose Christianity. So verbal assaults with social consequences like ostracism, prejudice, suspicion, and very low esteem are very common. The First Letter of Peter provides advice for strengthening new Christians by defining their identity as chosen und loved people of God.

Personal caring for converts from Islam is crucial to provide a new “home” in assuring them of their new identity. They have to learn to evaluate accusations honestly, and from a faith-based position, and to integrate their new faith with their old environment. In the context of modern Turkey a fresh look at history can be meaningful: There were Turkish Christians before Islam, and there are still Christian Turkish people today. More important however is a genuine spiritual approach that understands verbal assaults within the framework of God’s history with his people. Converts should find their identity “in Christ”. At the same time, being in Christ must become practical in finding a new family in the local church and seeing themselves as part of the worldwide multinational body of Christ.
Worldviews in Myanmar: A Missiological Perspective
Authors: Curtis Steve
Published: June 2019

Each of the many ethnic groups in Myanmar has its own unique worldview; however, these are all principally related, in some respects, to the three primary worldviews in Myanmar, as informed by the culture historically: animism, Buddhism, and, to a lesser extent, Hinduism.

For the purposes of this article, I am defining “worldview” as:

A culturally-informed, yet personal, system of thought, wherein are held existential beliefs, such as regards the existence or non-existence of a god or gods; evaluative beliefs, such as regards proper and improper expressions of social intercourse; and prescriptive beliefs, such as regards value and purpose.

In light of this definition, the worldviews in Myanmar will be explored as to their existential, evaluative, and prescriptive beliefs, with a summary statement, addressing the missiological challenges, which those worldviews present, in particular, to Christian unity.
Evangelism Through Happiness? A Case Study in Innovative “Pre-Evangelism” with Contemporary uk “Post-Christians”
Authors: Rooms Nigel
Published: June 2019

The nature of evangelism in “post-Christian” societies, especially in the secularizing west is a problematized and contested area. A field research case study is presented by the author who was also the facilitator of an innovative pre-evangelism resource entitled The Happiness Lab which was the subject of the research. A small group of “post-Christians” in the United Kingdom was gathered to pilot the course which taught practices associated with increasing happiness from the positive psychology movement. Survey data, participant observation and semi-structured interviews create triangulated data which is analyzed to show the effectiveness of the course in increasing in small ways the happiness levels of the participants. The question of how the course is defined and offered ethically as pre-evangelism is examined. Critical reflection on the data is presented utilizing secularization and post-secular theory alongside theological categories such as imago Dei, incarnation and conversion. “Anticipatory evangelism” is suggested as an alternative nomenclature.1
Explaining Conception to Women?
Authors: Andreeva Anna
Published: June 2019

Recent findings by Japanese and Western scholars specializing in Buddhism have cast light on a variety of theories of conception and gestation that were known within the religious and cultural milieu of medieval Japan. In the early fourteenth century, these ideas about the origins of life and the human body were incorporated not only into the esoteric Buddhist rituals and theological treatises that shaped the religious landscape of medieval Japan, but also into medico-religious writings focusing on women’s health. This article discusses the theories of conception and gestation seen in the Encyclopedia of Childbirth (Sanshō ruijūshō 産生類聚抄, ca. 1318), a hand-written manuscript preserved at Kanazawa Bunko, one of Japan’s surviving medieval temple archives. This manuscript is a rare source on women’s health from medieval Japan, which describes the issues of conception, infertility, and childbirth from the Buddhist and medical perspective. It explains conception through the ideas found in certain Chinese translations of Indian Buddhist treatises such as the Daodijing 道地経 (one of the extant translations of the Yogācārabhūmi) and Jushe lun 俱舎論 (Skt. Abhidharmakośa bhāṣya, Jpn. Kusharon), Buddhist scriptures, as well as Japanese Buddhist and medical treatises, including a collection attributed to the Tendai monk Annen 安然 (841–889?) and Tanba Yasuyori’s 丹波康頼 (912–995) Essentials of Medicine (Ishinpō 醫心方, ca. 984).
Spying in God’s House
Authors: Skiles William S.
Published: June 2019

This article examines the reports of the Gestapo and SD regarding pastors’ criticisms of the Nazi state and its ideology from the authority of the pulpit. My research reveals a degree of public opposition to the regime within the walls of the German churches, especially in terms of Nazi racial ideology and the persecution of Jews. While pastors did not incite resistance to the Nazi regime or conspire to overthrow its leadership, they at times sought to undermine the legitimacy of Nazi claims to truth. The sermons reveal concern among pastors that National Socialism and Christianity are at odds, or even mutually exclusive believe systems. Furthermore, the evidence indicates that pastors were often drawn into the cross-hairs of the Nazi secret police by asserting that Christianity must be the standard and measure of Nazi racial truth claims.
The Dowry Return Edict of R. Tam in Medieval Europe
Authors: Yahalom Shalem
Published: June 2019

Adolescent marriage was the norm for the Jewish girls of medieval France. The frequency of death of these brides was high, which led R. Tam to decree that in the event of death during the first year of marriage all dowries shall be refunded. This edict contradicted Talmudic law that awarded the husband rights to his wife’s estate. Factors that led to the decree include personal tragedy, Palestinian custom, Roman law, and norms of royalty and feudal society. The edict of R. Tam was accepted in France and the Rhine Valley communities. However, East German communities rejected the decree by means of clever literary devices, including the invention of the author’s retraction. The conflict surrounding the Dowry Edict opens a portal to the spiritual world of the Eastern communities during their formation.
Marketing Views of Modernity, Evangelism and Print Specialization in the American Mission Press Catalogs (1884–1896)
Authors: Auji Hala
Published: June 2019

Taking up an analysis of the materiality of the American Mission Press (AMP) bilingual catalogs printed from 1884 to 1896 in Ottoman Beirut, in this article I identify these booklets as publications that circulated among broad networks of books, journals and newspapers during the period of the Arab nahda. By examining these catalogs in terms of the wider historical significance of their materiality, specifically their organization, layout, typography and illustrations, in this essay I show how these booklets promoted the AMP and its mission’s entangled messages in an increasingly competitive publishing industry. On the one hand, the catalogs highlighted the AMP’s ‘western’ qualifications and strove to engage local readers’ interests in ‘modern’ culture, science and technology. On the other hand, these works marketed the mission’s universalist evangelical views. Thus, in this study I show how such ephemeral publications, when studied for their dynamic content, make evident nineteenth-century Arabic print commerce at work and also illustrate early examples of nascent advertising practices.
Erasmus and the War-Poets in 1513
Authors: Carlson David R.
Published: June 2019

During Erasmus’ English residence 1509–1514, Henry viii invaded France, as part of the “Holy League,” and, in the English king’s absence, England was attacked by Scotland. The events engendered a great quantity of poetry, as well as other writing: analyzed herein particularly are the verse contributions of Erasmus himself, his amicus Andrea Ammonio, Pietro Carmeliano, Camillo Paleotti, and Bernard André (the poems of these last two being edited and translated in appendices). This poetry in its context of events, both literary and political, influenced the anti-war writings that Erasmus was conceiving at the time, though he only published them later.
“Primum graecissabant”
Authors: Zuliani Federico
Published: June 2019

Starting with the two recent editions by Silvana Seidel Menchi, this article seeks to analyze a passage of the notorious dialogue Julius by Erasmus of Rotterdam which remains unclear, namely the short exchange between St. Peter and Julius II in which the late pope finds fault with the Venetian tendency to graecissare (“to imitate the Greeks”). The current article argues that the allusion might be a pun on the long standing request of the Venetian Greek community to be granted a church where it could hold ceremonies more graeco. The plea, supported by Venetian authorities, was finally granted by pope Leo X, the successor to Julius II. Moreover, the passage might also present a further allusion to Aldus Manutius and to his circle of friends and collaborators, among whom several first and second generation Greek émigrés living in Venice and worshiping at the Greek scuola have been identified. In particular, the passage may refer to their printing production as well as to the program of the “New Academy” founded by Aldus himself. Both possibilities are especially worthy of consideration on account of the multi-layered composition of the dialogue.
Erasmus’ Heritage
Authors: Frijhoff Willem
Published: June 2019

The ironic but very readable dialogues on folk religion in Erasmus’ Colloquia were used as school books for two centuries. Though their influence on the battle against superstition is difficult to measure, they obviously reflect the practices and debates of their own time. This article confronts Erasmus’ dialogue on exorcism with the ideas and practices of folk religion in the sixteenth-century biconfessional duchy of Cleves under Duke William V. Two sources stand out in particular: the influential treatise De praestigiis daemonum (1563) of court physician Johan Wier, an admirer of Erasmus and opponent of magic and sorcery, and the vernacular treatise on magical agency by Jacob Vallick, Catholic parish priest of the village of Groessen, which was printed by Nicolaas Biestkens in 1559. Vallick’s practical and pastoral approach to these matters, though it greatly irritated Wier, nevertheless reflects the influence of Erasmianism in Cleves even among the lower clergy.
The Paradox of Christian Epicureanism in Dialogue
Authors: Leushuis Reinier
Published: June 2019

In light of the troubled reputation of Epicureanism in Northern Renaissance humanism, Erasmus’ reception of this major school of ancient philosophy in works such as On Disdaining the World (De contemptu mundi), the Praise of Folly (Moriae encomium), and in particular his very last colloquy The Epicurean (Epicureus) is unique for exploring the potential compatibility of Epicurean ethics with Christian humanism and Erasmian Philosophia Christi. However, as one of the speakers in The Epicurean exclaims, given Epicureanism’s main tenet of pleasure as the greatest good, its association with a pious life free of sin is “a paradox topping all the paradoxes of the Stoics”. This article argues that in The Epicurean Erasmus associates the paradoxical nature of Christian Epicureanism with the Stoic strategy of expressing moral philosophy in perplexing paradoxes in order to exploit the capacity of the dialogue, in particular its ludic potential, to rearticulate the duality of paradox in opposing dialogical voices. Erasmus’ mimetic colloquy allows the individual reader to deconstruct and reprocess paradoxical wisdom at an inner level in order to persuasively integrate a mentality of pleasure (based on the tenets of Epicureanism) at the core of a pious life (based on the tenets of Philosophia Christi).
Thinking Regional on Peace Missions in Latin America
Authors: Hirst Monica
Published: June 2019

As is the case with other regions, in Latin America and the Caribbean, multilateral peace missions are subordinated to norms and expectations of specific mandates. Yet, post-Cold War peace missions in Latin America and the Caribbean share circumstances that are unique to this region. This article seeks to offer a sequenced overview of three scenarios – Central America, Haiti and Colombia – to show how these circumstances interplay as shaping factors in regional peace missions. Three circumstances are highlighted: i) the strategic irrelevance of the region; ii) the preeminence of the United States in Latin America and the Caribbean; iii) the response capacity of Latin American governments. These three are addressed as the core cast of determinants in post-conflict contexts in Latin America and Caribbean. This article explores how these circumstances have adapted in time producing reiterative dynamics attuned to international and regional changing landscapes. Even though the Colombian experience should be considered “an open case”, its inclusion contributes to enrich this argument. Final reflections raise the question if these circumstances explain as well the failures and reversed expectations of regional peace processes.
Managing Expectations: How Have Tensions between the International Community and National Government Impacted the Implementation of Transitional Justice in South Sudan?
Authors: Vialle Nicholas
Published: June 2019

Local ownership and participation of the local population is increasingly the formula suggested for transitional justice. However, this paper only explores the tensions that arise between the expectations of national governments and the international community, the parties most responsible for the implementation of transitional justice mechanisms. Using the Resolution of the conflict in South Sudan as a reference point, the paper looks at where and how the expectations arise, the impact these tensions have on the implementation of mechanisms, and strategies for lessening the tensions. The conclusion suggests that transitional justice will be better achieved through mechanisms that take into consideration the expectations of what is to be achieved and where more effort has been put into the negotiation and aligning the expectations of the national and international organisations involved in the implementation.
Beraubung von Toten und die Acht in vor- und frühchristlicher Zeit
Authors: Seebold Elmar
Published: June 2019

The main theme in this piece is the robbing of dead bodies. This will be the cause for a discussion of outlawry in very early Germanic times.
Seth Vannatta’s Justice Holmes
Authors: Mendenhall Allen
Published: June 2019

Seth Vannatta identifies the common law as a central feature of the jurisprudence of former United States Supreme Court justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Holmes treated the common law as if it were an epistemology or a reliable mode for knowledge transmission over successive generations. Against the grand notion that the common law reflected a priori principles consistent with the natural law, Holmes detected that the common law was historical, aggregated, and evolutionary, the sum of the concrete facts and operative principles of innumerable cases with reasonable solutions to complex problems. This view of the common law is both conservative and pragmatic. Vannatta’s analysis of Holmes opens new directions for the study of conservatism and pragmatism—and pragmatic conservatism—demonstrating that common-law processes and practices have much in common with the form of communal inquiry championed by C.S. Peirce.
A new cryptic ground beetle species from the Alps characterised via geometric morphometrics
Authors: Roggero Angela , Giachino Pier Mauro , Palestrini Claudia
Published: June 2019

The European Alps support several ground beetle Nebria (Nebriola) species, which are morphologically similar. A study conducted on a Nebriola population located between the Eastern Pennine and Western Lepontine Italian Alps revealed the presence of two species, Nebria (Nebriola) cordicollis and N. (Nebriola) gosteliae, and some individuals that possibly represented an unknown taxonomic unit (UTU). Therefore, to further elucidate and characterise the morphological units at the site, we completed a comparative analysis using geometric morphometrics applying the semilandmarks approach. We examined the pronotum, the right elytron, and the median lobe of aedeagus. The quantitative analysis evaluated the overall variation in shape and size of the three structures. Results supported the hypothesised presence of three distinct groups of individuals, with different morphologies for the anatomical traits examined. The pronotum and median lobe of aedeagus exhibited more marked differences among the groups, while the right elytron showed reduced differentiation. These results confirmed that the three groups were separate taxa, and were therefore correctly classified. Based on our findings, we considered the UTU a new species, which is here described as Nebria (Nebriola) casalei sp. nov.
Review of the Stratiomyinae soldier flies of Australia (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), with a new genus and first records of Prosopochrysa de Meijere, 1907
Authors: Lessard Bryan D. , Yeates David K. , Woodley Norman E.
Published: June 2019

A taxonomic treatment for the genera of the soldier fly subfamily Stratiomyinae is provided for the Australian fauna, including the first key to the Australian genera and updated key for the genus Acanthasargus
White, 1914. Each genus is diagnosed and illustrated, including: Acanthasargus, Odontomyia
Meigen, 1803, the newly recorded genus Prosopochrysa de Meijere, 1907 and new species Prosopochrysa lemannae Lessard & Woodley, sp.n., and the new genus and species Scutellumina parvatra Woodley & Lessard, gen.n. et. sp.n. Four genera and 30 species of Stratiomyinae are now recognised from Australia.
National Capital, Transnational Culture
Authors: Babović Jovana
Published: June 2019

In the two decades following the Great War, foreign singers, dancers, films, and magazines streamed into Belgrade, then the capital of newly unified Yugoslavia. Popular culture was both accessible and attractive to ordinary Belgraders. State officials, prewar Serbian conservatives, and elites, however, blamed the residents’ reorientation toward foreign fun for a number of problems such as bad taste, social degeneracy, and, most importantly, a disruption to Yugoslav unification. Yet as critics discredited foreign popular culture in interwar Belgrade, urbanites embraced it with equal fervor. This article examines how foreign popular culture, as well as the debates surrounding it, established the foundation for a transnational urban identity that Belgraders shared with other European city-dwellers.
Path Finding in the Communist Regime: Árpád Mózes Szabó (1927–1987)
Authors: Jánosi Csongor
Published: June 2019

This article sets out to offer insight into the tragic destiny of a “common” man, Árpád Mózes Szabó, who collaborated with the Romanian secret police. He was always in search of a life with better prospects and dissatisfied with what fate had in store for him, refusing the conventional ways of accommodating to the society of his time. His false interpretation of the possibilities of gaining recognition and the illegal ways chosen to reach his goals left their mark on the subsequent life of the young man, who, at the age of thirty, was awaiting his death sentence and already had multiple experiences related to the prisons of the regimes behind the Iron Curtain. These antecedents diminished Szabo’s possibilities of “normal” existence, which after his imprisonment pushed him to almost two decades of cooperation with the Romanian secret police. The game of identities, the daily duality and triplicity, became unbearable and was eventually rejected.