bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing vegetation structure and ANPP dynamics in a grassland-shrubland Chihuahuan ecotone using NDVI-rainfall relationships
Authors: Moreno-de las Heras M. , Diaz-Sierra R. , Turnbull L. , Wainwright J.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Climate change and the widespread alteration of natural habitats are major drivers of vegetation change in drylands. A classic case of vegetation change is the shrub-encroachment process that has been taking place over the last 150 years in the Chihuahuan Desert, where large areas of grasslands dominated by perennial grass species (black grama, Bouteloua eriopoda, and blue grama, B. gracilis) have transitioned to shrublands dominated by woody species (creosotebush, Larrea tridentata, and mesquite, Prosopis glandulosa), accompanied by accelerated water and wind erosion. Multiple mechanisms drive the shrub-encroachment process, including exogenous triggering factors such as precipitation variations and land-use change, and endogenous amplifying mechanisms brought about by soil erosion-vegetation feedbacks. In this study, simulations of plant biomass dynamics with a simple modelling framework indicate that herbaceous (grasses and forbs) and shrub vegetation in drylands have different responses to antecedent precipitation due to functional differences in plant growth and water-use patterns, and therefore shrub encroachment may be reflected in the analysis of landscape-scale vegetation–rainfall relationships. We analyze the structure and dynamics of vegetation at an 18 km2 grassland-shrubland ecotone in the northern edge of the Chihuahuan Desert (McKenzie Flats, Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, NM, USA) by investigating the relationship between decade-scale (2000–2013) records of medium-resolution remote sensing of vegetation greenness (MODIS NDVI) and precipitation. Spatial evaluation of NDVI-rainfall relationship at the studied ecotone indicates that herbaceous vegetation shows quick growth pulses associated with short-term (previous 2 months) precipitation, while shrubs show a slow response to medium-term (previous 5 months) precipitation. We use these relationships to (a) classify landscape types as a function of the spatial distribution of dominant vegetation, and to (b) decompose the NDVI signal into partial primary production components for herbaceous vegetation and shrubs across the study site. We further apply remote-sensed annual net primary production (ANPP) estimations and landscape type classification to explore the influence of inter-annual variations in seasonal precipitation on the production of herbaceous and shrub vegetation. Our results suggest that changes in the amount and temporal pattern of precipitation comprising reductions in monsoonal summer rainfall and/or increases in winter precipitation may enhance the shrub-encroachment process in desert grasslands of the American Southwest.
Future hydrological extremes: the uncertainty from multiple global climate and global hydrological models
Authors: Giuntoli I. , Vidal J.-P. , Prudhomme C. , Hannah D. M.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Projections of changes in the hydrological cycle from Global Hydrological Models (GHMs) driven by Global Climate Models (GCMs) are critical for understanding future occurrence of hydrological extremes. However, uncertainties remain large and need to be better assessed. In particular, recent studies have pointed to a considerable contribution of GHMs that can equal or outweigh the contribution of GCMs to uncertainty in hydrological projections. Using 6 GHMs and 5 GCMs from the ISI-MIP multi-model ensemble, this study aims: (i) to assess future changes in the frequency of both high and low flows at the global scale using control and future (RCP8.5) simulations by the 2080s, and (ii) to quantify, for both ends of the runoff spectrum, GCMs and GHMs contributions to uncertainty using a 2-way ANOVA. Increases are found in high flows for northern latitudes and in low flows for several hotspots. Globally, the largest source of uncertainty is associated with GCMs, but GHMs are the greatest source in snow dominated regions. More specifically, results vary depending on the runoff metric, the temporal (annual and seasonal) and regional scale of analysis. For instance, uncertainty contribution from GHMs is higher for low flows than it is for high flows, partly owing to the different processes driving the onset of the two phenomena (e.g. the more direct effect of the GCMs precipitation variability on high flows). This study provides a comprehensive synthesis of where future hydrological extremes are projected to increase and where the ensemble spread is owed to either GCMs or GHMs. Finally, our results underline the importance of using multiple GCMs and GHMs to envelope the overall uncertainty range and the need for improvements in modeling snowmelt and runoff processes to project future hydrological extremes.
Why is the Arkavathy River drying? A multiple hypothesis approach in a data scarce region
Authors: Srinivasan V. , Thompson S. , Madhyastha K. , Penny G. , Jeremiah K. , Lele S.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The developing world faces unique challenges in achieving water security as it is disproportionately exposed to stressors such as climate change while also undergoing demographic growth, agricultural intensification and industrialization. Investigative approaches are needed that can inform sound policy development and planning to address the water security challenge in the context of data scarcity. We investigated the "predictions under change" problem in the Thippagondanahalli (TG Halli) catchment of the Arkavathy sub-basin in South India. River inflows into the TG Halli reservoir have declined since the 1970s, and the reservoir is currently operating at only 20% of its built capacity. The mechanisms responsible for the drying of the river are not understood, resulting in uncoordinated and potentially counter-productive management responses. The objective of this study was to investigate potential explanations of the drying trend and thus obtain predictive insight. We used a multiple working hypothesis approach to investigate the decline in inflow into TG Halli reservoir. Five hypotheses were tested using data from field surveys and reliable secondary sources: (1) changes in rainfall amount, timing and storm intensity, (2) rising temperatures, (3) increased groundwater extraction, (4) expansion of eucalyptus plantations, and (5) increased fragmentation of the river channel. Our results indicate that proximate anthropogenic drivers of change such as groundwater pumping, expansion of eucalyptus plantations, and to a lesser extent channel fragmentation, are much more likely to have caused the decline in surface flows in the TG Halli catchment than changing climate. The case study shows that direct human interventions play a significant role in altering the hydrology of watersheds. The multiple working hypotheses approach presents a systematic way to quantify the relative contributions of anthropogenic drivers to hydrologic change. The approach not only yields a meaningful contribution to the policy debate, but also helps prioritize and design future primary research. The paper represents a first step toward "use-inspired" socio-hydrologic science.
Considering hazard estimation uncertain in urban resilience strategies
Authors: Barroca B. , Bernardara P. , Girard S. , Mazo G.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Urbanization has led to a higher concentration of both persons and property, which increases the potential degree of damage liable to occur in crisis situations. Urban areas have become increasingly complex socio-technical systems where the inextricable tangle of activities, networks and regions means disruptions propagate rather than disseminate. In risk anticipation, measures of prevention and anticipation are generally defined by using hazard modelling. The relevance of this approach may be subject to discussion (Zevenbergen et al., 2011) particularly in view of the large number of uncertainties that make hazard evaluation so difficult. For this reason, uncertainty analysis is initially called upon in a theoretical approach before any applied approach. Generally, the uncertainty under study is not assessed in hydrological studies. This uncertainty is related to the choice of evaluation model used for extreme values. This application has been used on the territory of the town of Besançon in eastern France. Strategic orientations for regional resilience are presented taking into account the high levels of uncertainty concerning estimates for possible flow rates.
Multiple-scale error growth in a convection-resolving model
Authors: Uboldi F. , Trevisan A.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The properties of the multiple-scale instabilities present in a non-hydrostatic forecast model are investigated. The model simulates intense convection episodes occurring in northern Italy. A breeding technique is used to construct ensembles of perturbations of the model trajectories aimed at representing the instabilities that are responsible for error growth on various timescales and space scales. By means of perfect model twin experiments it is found that, for initial errors of the order of present-day analysis error, a non-negligible fraction of the forecast error can be explained by a bred vector ensemble of reasonable size representing the growth of errors on intermediate scales. In contrast, when the initial error is much smaller, the spectrum of bred vectors representing the fast convective-scale instabilities becomes flat, and the number of ensemble members needed to explain even a small fraction of the forecast error becomes extremely large. The conclusion is that as the analysis error is decreased, it becomes more and more computationally demanding to construct an ensemble that can describe the high-dimensional subspace of convective instabilities and that can thus be potentially useful for controlling the error growth.
Propagation regimes of interfacial solitary waves in a three-layer fluid
Authors: Kurkina O. E. , Kurkin A. A. , Rouvinskaya E. A. , Soomere T.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Long weakly nonlinear finite-amplitude internal waves in a fluid consisting of three inviscid immiscible layers of arbitrary thickness and constant densities (stable configuration, Boussinesq approximation) bounded by a horizontal rigid bottom from below and by a rigid lid at the surface are described up to the second order of perturbation theory in small parameters of nonlinearity and dispersion. First, a pair of alternatives of appropriate KdV-type equations with the coefficients depending on the parameters of the fluid (layer positions and thickness, density jumps) are derived for the displacements of both modes of internal waves and for each interface between the layers. These equations are integrable for a very limited set of coefficients and do not allow for proper description of several near-critical cases when certain coefficients vanish. A more specific equation allowing for a variety of solitonic solutions and capable of resolving most of near-critical situations is derived by means of the introduction of another small parameter that describes the properties of the medium and rescaling of the ratio of small parameters. This procedure leads to a pair of implicitly interrelated alternatives of Gardner equation (KdV-type equations with combined nonlinearity) for the two interfaces. We present a detailed analysis of the relationships for the solutions for the disturbances at both interfaces and various regimes of the appearance and propagation properties of soliton solutions to these equations depending on the combinations of the parameters of the fluid. It is shown both the quadratic and the cubic nonlinear terms vanish for several realistic configurations of such a fluid.
Quantifying soil and critical zone variability in a forested catchment through digital soil mapping
Authors: Holleran M. , Levi M. , Rasmussen C.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Quantifying catchment-scale soil property variation yields insights into critical zone evolution and function. The objective of this study was to quantify and predict the spatial distribution of soil properties within a high-elevation forested catchment in southern Arizona, USA, using a combined set of digital soil mapping (DSM) and sampling design techniques to quantify catchment-scale soil spatial variability that would inform interpretation of soil-forming processes. The study focused on a 6 ha catchment on granitic parent materials under mixed-conifer forest, with a mean elevation of 2400 m a.s.l, mean annual temperature of 10 °C, and mean annual precipitation of ~ 85 cm yr−1. The sample design was developed using a unique combination of iterative principal component analysis (iPCA) of environmental covariates derived from remotely sensed imagery and topography, and a conditioned Latin hypercube sampling (cLHS) scheme. Samples were collected by genetic horizon from 24 soil profiles excavated to the depth of refusal and characterized for soil mineral assemblage, geochemical composition, and general soil physical and chemical properties. Soil properties were extrapolated across the entire catchment using a combination of least-squares linear regression between soil properties and selected environmental covariates, and spatial interpolation or regression residual using inverse distance weighting (IDW). Model results indicated that convergent portions of the landscape contained deeper soils, higher clay and carbon content, and greater Na mass loss relative to adjacent slopes and divergent ridgelines. The results of this study indicated that (i) the coupled application of iPCA and cLHS produced a sampling scheme that captured the greater part of catchment-scale soil variability; (ii) application of relatively simple regression models and IDW interpolation of residuals described well the variance in measured soil properties and predicted spatial correlation of soil properties to landscape structure; and (iii) at this scale of observation, 6 ha catchment, topographic covariates explained more variation in soil properties than vegetation covariates. The DSM techniques applied here provide a framework for interpreting catchment-scale variation in critical zone process and evolution. Future work will focus on coupling results from this coupled empirical–statistical approach to output from mechanistic, process-based numerical models of critical zone process and evolution.
UAV photogrammetry and structure from motion to assess calving dynamics at Store Glacier, a large outlet draining the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Ryan J. C. , Hubbard A. L. , Box J. E. , Todd J. , Christoffersen P. , Carr J. R. , Holt T. O. , Snooke N.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. This study presents the application of a cost-effective, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to investigate calving dynamics at a major marine-terminating outlet glacier draining the western sector of the Greenland ice sheet. The UAV was flown over Store Glacier on three sorties during summer 2013 and acquired over 2000 overlapping, geotagged images of the calving front at an ~40 cm ground sampling distance. Stereo-photogrammetry applied to these images enabled the extraction of high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) with vertical accuracies of ± 1.9 m which were used to quantify glaciological processes from early July to late August 2013. The central zone of the calving front advanced by ~500 m, whilst the lateral margins remained stable. The orientation of crevasses and the surface velocity field derived from feature tracking indicates that lateral drag is the primary resistive force and that ice flow varies across the calving front from 2.5 m d−1 at the margins to in excess of 16 m d−1 at the centreline. Ice flux through the calving front is 3.8 × 107 m3 d−1, equivalent to 13.9 Gt a−1 and comparable to flux-gate estimates of Store Glacier's annual discharge. Water-filled crevasses were present throughout the observation period but covered a limited area of between 0.025 and 0.24% of the terminus and did not appear to exert any significant control over fracture or calving. We conclude that the use of repeat UAV surveys coupled with the processing techniques outlined in this paper have great potential for elucidating the complex frontal dynamics that characterise large calving outlet glaciers.
The impact of snow depth, snow density and ice density on sea ice thickness retrieval from satellite radar altimetry: results from the ESA-CCI Sea Ice ECV Project Round Robin Exercise
Authors: Kern S. , Khvorostovsky K. , Skourup H. , Rinne E. , Parsakhoo Z. S. , Djepa V. , Wadhams P. , Sandven S.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. We assess different methods and input parameters, namely snow depth, snow density and ice density, used in freeboard-to-thickness conversion of Arctic sea ice. This conversion is an important part of sea ice thickness retrieval from spaceborne altimetry. A data base is created comprising sea ice freeboard derived from satellite radar altimetry between 1993 and 2012 and co-locate observations of total (sea ice + snow) and sea ice freeboard from the Operation Ice Bridge (OIB) and CryoSat Validation Experiment (CryoVEx) airborne campaigns, of sea ice draft from moored and submarine upward looking sonar (ULS), and of snow depth from OIB campaigns, Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) and the Warren climatology (Warren et al., 1999). We compare the different data sets in spatiotemporal scales where satellite radar altimetry yields meaningful results. An inter-comparison of the snow depth data sets emphasizes the limited usefulness of Warren climatology snow depth for freeboard-to-thickness conversion under current Arctic Ocean conditions reported in other studies. We test different freeboard-to-thickness and freeboard-to-draft conversion approaches. The mean observed ULS sea ice draft agrees with the mean sea ice draft derived from radar altimetry within the uncertainty bounds of the data sets involved. However, none of the approaches are able to reproduce the seasonal cycle in sea ice draft observed by moored ULS. A sensitivity analysis of the freeboard-to-thickness conversion suggests that sea ice density is as important as snow depth.
COMPRESSIVE MECHANICAL BEHAVIORS OF HYBRID COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON MICRO LATTICE STRUCTURE AND RUBBERLIKE MATERIALS
Authors: Gümrük Recep , Mazlum Uğur , Mines R. A. W.
Published: January 2015

This article investigates compressive and energy absorption characteristics for composites obtained by filling stainless steel micro lattice materials, manufactured via the selective laser melting method, with three different rubbers, including room temperature vulcanization silicone, natural rubber, and neoprene rubber. At the stage of building the composites with natural and neoprene rubbers, an experimental setup was designed for these two rubbers to be infiltrated into lattice spaces under vulcanization temperatures and high pressures. The results showed that the composites with silicone and neoprene matrix had a quite similar response as well as a seriously enhanced energy absorbing capacity and plateau stresses, in comparison with the corresponding lattice structures, for especially small sized lattice components. Also, the compression tests of the composite with natural rubber matrix clearly show that there should be no large differences between the individual mechanical properties of each component in the composite, and, in this way, the contribution of each component on the mechanical behavior of composite should be guaranteed to provide the satisfying performance.
The Sound of Rocks Aquiver? Composing Racial Ambivalence in Territorial Hawai‘i
Authors: Szego C. K.
Published: January 2015

This article explores racial ambivalence in the social activism and music composition of Uldrick Thompson, a European American teacher and eugenicist living in Hawai‘i during the early territorial period. I read Thompson’s song “Pele’s Chant” as a revisionist text of Hawaiian legendry adapted to his liberal Christian ethos and eugenic thinking. Ambivalence is evident in the composer’s simultaneous emulation and denial of Hawaiian musical models; it is also evident in his guardianship of young Hawaiians and his belief in Hawaiians’ fate as a “dying race.” The concept of ambivalence is at the core of much of the contemporary literature on orientalism that examines the subject positions of those who simultaneously idealize and repudiate ethnic/racial others. Despite its importance, the concept is often treated in an implicit manner, and this article seeks to bring it into full and explicit relief.
Straparola and the Fairy Tale: Between Literary and Oral Traditions
Authors: Ziolkowski Jan M.
Published: January 2015

Against Ruth B. Bottigheimer’s argument that the sixteenth-century Italian author Giovanni Francesco Straparola originated fairy tale in its best-known form, this article maintains that ancient and medieval texts contain earlier literary adaptations of folktales that qualify as fairy tales. Particular attention is paid to similarities between Straparola’s ”Il re porco“ and the Medieval Latin Asinarius. Such affinities suggest that oral tradition is not as difficult to document before the print era as Bottigheimer asserts. With regard to her theory that Straparola invented the narrative pattern that she calls ”rise tales,“ this article offers evidence that one such tale may be found as early as the second century CE, in Apuleius’s famous ”Cupid and Psyche.“ In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries folklorists were deeply concerned with studying the distribution of folktales across space and time; their key preoccupations were questions about origins and about the relationship between orality and literacy. These issues deserve to retain a central place in folklore studies.
Fairy Godfather, Fairy-Tale History, and Fairy-Tale Scholarship: A Response to Dan Ben-Amos, Jan M. Ziolkowski, and Francisco Vaz da Silva
Authors: Bottigheimer Ruth B.
Published: January 2015

This article is a response to criticisms of my thesis that Giovanni Francesco Straparola invented the rise fairy-tale plotline in 1550s Venice. In order to clarify and support the argument that I made in my 2002 book, Fairy Godfather, I here make efforts toward establishing a common terminology, critiquing the parameters of Proppian structural analysis, and revising the trope of women-as-storytellers. I affirm the importance of sociohistorical studies of publishing, editing, and patterns of literacy for understanding the emergence and spread of rise fairy tales. I refute arguments for the existence of rise fairy tales in the ancient world and in the Middle Ages. In addition, I offer further explanations of how print technology, widespread schooling, and economic change brought about the emergence of rise fairy tales in Renaissance Venice, and to account for the post-1789 spread of rise fairy tales among European and non-European populations, I cite increasing literacy in rural areas.
“МОНГОЛ УЛС, НҮБ-ЫН ХАМТЫН АЖИЛЛАГАА 50 ЖИЛД” СЭДЭВТ ЭРДЭМ ШИНЖИЛГЭЭНИЙ БАГА ХУРЛЫГ НЭЭЖ ГАДААД ХАРИЛЦААНЫ САЙД Г.ЗАНДАНШАТАРЫН ХЭЛСЭН ҮГ
Authors: Zandanshatar G
Published: January 2015

Монгол Улс НҮБ-д элссэний 50 жилийн ойг тохиолдуулан Та бүхэнд баярын мэндчилгээ дэвшүүлж, тус бага хурал Монгол, НҮБ-ын хамтын ажиллагааны үр дүнг нэгтгэн дүгнэж, цаашдын зорилтуудыг тодорхойлоход үнэтэй хувь нэмэр оруулна гэж найдаж байгаагаа илэрхийлье. Хагас зууны тэртээ улс орноо олон улсын хамтын нийгэмлэгийн гишүүн болгох эрхэм үйлсэд оролцож явсан, улсынхаа нэр хүнд, байр суурийг НҮБ-ын хүрээнд бэхжүүлэх, Монгол, НҮБ-ын хамтын ажиллагааг өргөжүүлэн хөгжүүлэхэд хүчин зүтгэж явсан манай ахмад дипломатчид энд хүрэлцэн ирсэн нь манай бага хурлын утга агуулгыг улам баялаг, хүндэтгэлтэй болгож байна.Title: Opening speech of the Conference DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/jis.v0i1.373
МОНГОЛ УЛС НЭГДСЭН ҮНДЭСТНИЙ БАЙГУУЛЛАГЫН ГИШҮҮН БОЛСОН НЬ. ТҮҮНИЙ ТҮҮХЭН АЧ ХОЛБОГДОЛ
Authors: Khaisandai Luvsan
Published: January 2015

Нэгэн ухаантан өгүүлсэн нь: “Өчигдрийг мартаж болохгүй, яагаад гэвэл тэр нь өнөөдрийн ч маргаашийн ч багш! ” гэсэн байдаг. Түүн лүгээ адил өнгөрсөн, одоо, ирээдүй гэсэн гурван их цагийн эргэлт, тэдгээрийн хоорондын нягт уялдаа холбоо, харилцан шүтэлцээнд нь алив нэгэн түүхэн үйл явдлын өрнөл буурлыг, ямарваа улс гүрний түүхт замналыг ул үндэстэй, буурь суурьтай авч үзвээс жинхэнэ шинжлэх ухааны зөв аргазүй болдог бөлгөө. Чухамхүү энэ л үүднээс манай улсын НҮБ-д элсэн орсон түүхэн үнэнийг бодитой алсын хараатай судлан шинжилж, нэгтгэн дүгнэх шаардлагатай. Энэ утгаар авч үзэхүл, манай улсын НҮБ-д гишүүнээр элсэн орсон зам тийм ч дардан шулуун байсангүй. 1946 оны зургаадугаар сарын 21-ны өдөр Бүгд Найрамдах Монгол Ард улсын засгийн газар өөрийн улсыг Нэгдсэн Үндэстний Байгууллагын гишүүнээр элсүүлэн авахыг хүссэн илгээлтийг тус Байгууллагын тэр үеийн Ерөнхий нарийн бичгийн даргын нэр дээр явуулсан байдаг.Title: Mongolia, becoming UNO member and its historical significance DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/jis.v0i1.374
МОНГОЛ-ХЯТАДЫН ХИЛ ОРЧМЫН БҮС НУТГИЙН ХАРИЛЦАА: СОЁЛ, АЯЛАЛ ЖУУЛЧЛАЛЫН САЛБАРЫН АСУУДАЛД
Authors: Battsetseg CH
Published: January 2015

Аливаа улс орны гадаад бодлого хөрш орноос эхэлдэг жамтай. Хөрш БНХАУ нь манай орны хөгжлийн чухал хүчин зүйлийн нэг мөн гэж бид үздэг учраас бүс нутгийн асуудал БНХАУ-тай салшгүй холбоотой юм. Орчин үед бүс нутгийн тухай ойлголт нийгэм, цаг үеийн хувирлыг дагаад байнга өөрчлөгдөж байна. Гэсэн хэдий ч улс орон бүр эдийн засгаа голлон хөгжүүлэх үүднээс дотооддоо бүсчилэн хувааж, гадаад бодлогынхоо хүрээнд мөн гадаад ертөнцийг бүсчилэн авч үзсээр байна.Title: Sino-Mongolian relation in border regions: Culture and Tourism issues DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/jis.v0i1.377
МОНГОЛ УЛСЫН ГАДААД БОДЛОГО БОЛОН ХӨРШ УЛСЫН ХООРОНДОХ ХАРИЛЦАА
Authors: Amjilt Sh , Naran E
Published: January 2015

2011 оны  эхэнд, Монгол улс өөрийнхөө 20 шахам жил хэрэгжүүлсэн“Олон тулгуурт”гадаад бодлогын үзэл баримтлалдаа микро зохицуулалт хийж, АНУ зэрэг барууны улсуудыг “Гуравдагч хөрш” хэмээн хүлээн зөвшөөрсөн байна.  Үнэндээ Монгол улсын үүрдийн хөрш бол БНХАУ болон ОХУ юм.Title: Foreign policy of the Mongolia and it’s relation with neighbor countries DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/jis.v0i1.378
ВКЛАД РУССКИХ УЧЁНЫХ МОНГОЛОВЕДОВ В РАЗВИТИИ КУЛЬТУРОЛОГИИ МОНГОЛИИ И ИЗУЧЕНИИ МОНГОЛЬСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ
Authors: Dolgorsuren J
Published: January 2015

Реальное положение развития культурологии в Монголии состоит из двух частей. С одной стороны, исследования наших Монгольских учёных своей культуры, с другой исследования в культурологии Монголии зарубежных учёных монголоведов в области археологии, антропологии, этнографии, истории и филологии. Необходимо при это отметить весомый вклад Российского монголоведения. Это во-первых, подготовка квалифицированных кадров в ВУЗ-х, во вторых, создание научных институтов для изучения истории и культуры Монголии. Эти два основных направления, в начале имевшие общественно политические цели постепенно преобразовались и сформировались в научное положение. Впервые в 1833 году в Казанском университете была создана кафедра монгольской и калмыцкой словесности под руководством известного ученого монголоведа О. М. Ковалевского \1878-1901\. Так начиналась работа по подготовке монголоведов в России. В 1855 году в Санкт-Петербургском Государственном Университете создали факультет Востоковедения и кафедру калмыцкого и маньчжурского языков. Далее в университетах Москвы, Иркутска, Улан-Удэ готовились монголоведы разных поколений. Это они определили содержание обучения монгольской истории, культуры и смысл исследовательской работы. Историю равития Российского монголоведения можно разделить на 5 основных периода.Title: Contribution of Russian Scholars in development of Mongolian culture study DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/jis.v0i1.379
ОРОСЫН НИЙГМИЙН ТОГТВОРТОЙ БАЙДАЛД ХИЙСЭН ДҮН ШИНЖИЛГЭЭ БА 2011 ОНЫ ТӨРИЙН ДУМЫН СОНГУУЛЬ
Authors: Nyamdoljin Adiya
Published: January 2015

ОХУ-ын Төрийн Думын зургаа дахь удаагийн сонгууль 2011 оны 12-р сарын 4-ний ням гаригт болж  өнгөрлөө. Орос улс өнгөрсөн 4 жилийн хугацаанд сонгуулийн хуулиндаа нэлээд олон өөрчлөлт оруулжээ. Өмнө нь 4 жилийн хугацаатай Төрийн Думаа сонгодог байсан бол энэ удаа 5 жилийн хугацаатай сонгож, сонгуульд бүртгэлтэй улс төрийн бүх намууд оролцсоноороо онцлог болсон байна. 2007 оноос эхлэн Төрийн Думын гишүүдийг пропорциональ тогтолцоогоор  буюу намын нэрсийн жагсаалтаар сонгож байгаа бөгөөд намууд Төрийн Думд  суудал авахын тулд 7 хувийн босго давсан байх ёстой  аж. 2011 оны 10-р сард сонгуулийн хуулинд оруулсан нэмэлт өөрчлөлтөөр энэ босгыг 5 болгож бууруулсан нь Медведевын тайлбарласнаар, “жижиг намуудад” парламентад төлөөлөлтэй байх боломж олгож, улс төрийн өрсөлдөөнийг илүү хүчтэй шударга болгох ач холбогдолтой алхам юм.Title: Stability analyze of Russian society and Parliament election of 2011 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/jis.v0i1.383
ГЕРМАНЫ ЭРДЭМТЭД ТӨВ АЗИЙГ XYIII-XX ЗУУНД СУДАЛСАН НЬ
Authors: Khurmetkhan M
Published: January 2015

1905 оны 12-р сард А.фон  Ле Кок ба Т.Бартус нар  Германаас  дөнгөж ирэд байгаа А.Грюнведель болон хятад судлаач П. Порт нартай Кашгарт уулзжээ. Ийнхүү, Төв азийг судлах  гуравдахь шинжилгээний ангийн ажил эхэлжээ.Уг ангийг  профессор А.Грюнведель удирдаж, А.фон  Ле Кок ба Т.Бартус, П. Порт /H.Porth/ нар оролцжээ. Аялалын зам нь Кашгар-Тумшук (1906 оны 1-р сар)-Кизил-Куча-Кумтура (1906оны 2-р сар)-Корла-Турфаны баянбүрд (1906 оны 7-р сар)- Урумчи –Хами-Туюк (1907 оны 1-р сар)-Шорчук (1907 оны 2.3-р сар)- Турфаны чиглэл  байв. Буцах зам нь 1907 оны 4-р сард Урумчээр дайран өнгөрчээ.Судалгааны явцад 118 хайрцаг олдвор цуглуулсан байна. Эртэмтэд Маралбашийн ойролцоо хүрэлцэн ирсэн бөгөөд өргөн хэмжээний малтлага хийхгүйгээр буддын сүмийн эвдэрхий балгасыг судалжээ.Title: German scholars research on Central Asia (VIII-XX) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/jis.v0i1.384
АЗИ-НАРАН УРГАХ НУТАГ
Authors: Begzjav L
Published: January 2015

Ази, Европ гэдэг хоёр үг эртний семит хэлнийх юм.Барагцаалбал, 4000 жилийн өмнө амьдарч байсан Газрын дундад тэнгисийн зүүн эргийн семит үндэстэн феникчүүд эрэг орчимдоо хүчирхэг  үндэстэн байв. Тэд уугуул нутаг газраа төв болгон, Газрын дундад тэнгисийн дорнод хэсгийг Ази, баруун хэсгийг Европ гэж нэрлэжээ. Семит хэлэнд Ази гэдэг бол “нар хөөрөх”, “дорноо нар мандах” гэсэн утгатай бол Европ гэдэг нь “нар жаргах”, “баруунаа нар шингэх” гэсэн утгатай байгаад аажимдаа хоёр тивийн нэр болсон байна.Title: Asia: Sun rising region DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/jis.v0i1.385
Industrial Application of Biological Self-healing Concrete: Challenges and Economical Feasibility
Authors: Silva Filipe Bravo , Boon Nico , De Belie Nele , Verstraete Willy
Published: January 2015

Self-healing concrete has been scrutinized by several researchers and some industrial concrete producers in relation to the remediation of the occurrence of micro-cracks. Such cracks are a quite well known problem that can lead to corrosion of the steel reinforcement and thus to the possible failure of the entire concrete structure. The need to repair these cracks as soon as possible leads to maintenance costs which can be of the order of â‚¬130 (direct costs) per m3 of concrete. Recent scientific studies indicate that a Microbial Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP), using microbial spores as active agent, can be an alternative for the actual repair methods. However, the production of bacterial spores is yet imposing considerable costs. According to some concrete producers they would be willing to pay about â‚¬15 to â‚¬20 per m3 of concrete for a bio-based self-healing product. However, the actual cost of spores production and encapsulation represent a total cost which is orders of magnitude higher. This article analyzes the costs for the biological self-healing in concrete and evaluates the industrial challenges it faces. There is an urgent need to develop the production of a bio-additive at much lower costs to make the biological self-healing industrial applicable. Axenic production and a possible non-axenic process to obtain ureolytic spores were analyzed and the costs calculations are presented in this paper.
Differentiating Public Policy for Technology Startups â€“ Essential for Biotech?
Authors: KiÅ¡kis Mindaugas , Limba Tadas , GuleviÄiÅ«tÄ— GintarÄ—
Published: January 2015

The paper presents the limited quantitative and qualitative analysis of the biotechnology and ICT industries in Lithuania and Estonia, as well as public policy instruments aimed at supporting the development of these industries. In depth analysis of the employment profile of the select biotechnology and ICT enterprises is provided. The paper suggests that existing public policy instruments designed to promote enterprise and innovation fail to differentiate among technological fields. This and other factors cause preference to the short cycle technological fields, such as ICT. Very few instruments are available for the needs of the biotechnology industry, and the long cycles and return horizons of biotechnology development are not recognized. These oversights are detrimental to the biotechnology sector and high-tech local employment. Suggestions on the policy reform are made.
Therapeutic Potential of Adipose-Derived SSEA-3-Positive Muse Cells for Treating Diabetic Skin Ulcers
Authors: Kinoshita Kahori , Kuno Shinichiro , Ishimine Hisako , Aoi Noriyuki , Mineda Kazuhide , Kato Harunosuke , Doi Kentaro , Kanayama Koji , Feng Jingwei , Mashiko Takanobu , Kurisaki Akira , Yoshimura Kotaro
Published: January 2015

Stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA-3)-positive multipotent mesenchymal cells (multilineage differentiating stress-enduring [Muse] cells) were isolated from cultured human adipose tissue-derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) and characterized, and their therapeutic potential for treating diabetic skin ulcers was evaluated. Cultured hASCs were separated using magnetic-activated cell sorting into positive and negative fractions, a SSEA-3+ cell-enriched fraction (Muse-rich) and the remaining fraction (Muse-poor). Muse-rich hASCs showed upregulated and downregulated pluripotency and cell proliferation genes, respectively, compared with Muse-poor hASCs. These cells also released higher amounts of certain growth factors, particularly under hypoxic conditions, compared with Muse-poor cells. Skin ulcers were generated in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice with type 1 diabetes, which showed delayed wound healing compared with nondiabetic SCID mice. Treatment with Muse-rich cells significantly accelerated wound healing compared with treatment with Muse-poor cells. Transplanted cells were integrated into the regenerated dermis as vascular endothelial cells and other cells. However, they were not detected in the surrounding intact regions. Thus, the selected population of ASCs has greater therapeutic effects to accelerate impaired wound healing associated with type 1 diabetes. These cells can be achieved in large amounts with minimal morbidity and could be a practical tool for a variety of stem cell-depleted or ischemic conditions of various organs and tissues.
The DISCUSS Project: Revised Points to Consider for the Derivation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines From Previously Collected Research Specimens
Authors: Lomax Geoffrey P. , Hull Sara Chandros , Isasi Rosario
Published: January 2015

Human somatic cell reprogramming is a leading technology for accelerating disease modeling and drug discovery. The Deriving Induced Stem Cells Using Stored Specimens (DISCUSS) project is a consensus-building initiative designed to consider how human somatic cells obtained under general biomedical research protocols can be used in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derivation. We previously published a draft list of points to consider for the use of previously collected specimens in iPSC research and then initiated a structured feedback and comment process. Here, we present a summary of this feedback and revised list of points to consider.
Usability Testing for Greater Impact: A Primo Case Study
Authors: Perrin Joy Marie , Clark Melanie , De-Leon Esther , Edgar Lynne
Published: January 2015

This case study focuses on a usability test conducted by four librarians at Texas Tech University. Eight students were asked to complete a series of tasks using OneSearch, the TTU Libraries’ implementation of the Primo discovery tool. Based on the test, the team identified three major usability problems, as well as potential solutions. These problems typify the difficulties patrons face while using library search tools, but have a variety of simple solutions.
Creating a Current Awareness Service Using Yahoo! Pipes and LibGuides
Authors: Kiscaden Elizabeth
Published: January 2015

Migration from print to electronic journals brought an end to traditional current awareness services, which primarily utilized print routing. The emergence of Real Simple Syndication, or RSS feeds, and email alerting systems provided users with alternative services. To assist users with adopting these technologies, a service utilizing aggregate feeds to the library’s electronic journal content was created and made available through LibGuides. Libraries can resurrect current awareness services using current technologies to increase awareness and usage of library-provided electronic journal content. The current awareness service presented is an example of how libraries can build simple current awareness services utilizing freely accessible technologies.
Do You Believe in Magic? Exploring the Conceptualization of Augmented Reality and its Implications for the User in the Field of Library and Information Science
Authors: Zak Elizabeth
Published: January 2015

Augmented reality technology has implications for the ways that the field of library and information science (LIS) serves users and organizes information. Through content analysis, the author examined how augmented reality (AR) is conceptualized within a sample of LIS literature from the Library and Information Science and Technology Abstracts (LISTA) database and Google Blogs postings, and whether Radical Change Theory (RCT) and the digital age principles of interactivity, connectivity and access are present in the discussion of this technology. The analysis of data led to the identification of 14 categories comprised of 132 total codes across sources within the data set.  The analysis indicates that the conceptualization of AR, while inconsistent, suggests expectations that overall, the technology will enhance the user experience.   This can lead to future examinations of user behavior, response and observation of technologies like AR.
Multipurpose Cataloging and Indexing System (CAIN) at the National Agricultural Library
Authors: Van Dyke Vern J. , Ayer L.
Published: January 2015

A description of the Cataloging and Indexing System (CAIN) which the National Agricultural Library has been using since January 1970 to build a broad data base of agricultural and associated sciences information. With a single keyboarding, bibliographic data is inputed, edited, manipulated, and merged into a permanent base which is used to produce many types of printed or print-ready end-products. Presently consisting of five subsystems, CAIN utilizes the concept of controlled authority files to facilitate both information input and its retrieval. The system was designed to provide maximum computer services with the minimum of effort by users.
Selective Dissemination of MARC: A User Evaluation
Authors: Buhr Lorne R.
Published: January 2015

After outlining the terms of reference of an investigation of user reaction to the selective dissemination of MARCrecords, a summary of the types of users is given. Userresponse is analyzed and interpreted in the light of recent developments at the Library of Congress. Implications forthe future of SDI of MARC in a university setting concludethe paper.
Scientific Serial Lists
Authors: Roth Dana L.
Published: January 2015

This article describes the need for user-oriented serial lists and the development of such a list in the California Institute of Technology library. The results of conversion from EAM to EDP equipment and subsequent utilization of COM (Computer-Output-Microfilm) is reported.
Book Reviews
Authors: Lehnus Donald J. , Allan Ann
Published: January 2015

Book Reviews
Computer Assisted Circulation Control at Health Sciences Library SUNYAB
Authors: Miller Jean K.
Published: January 2015

A description of the circulation system which the Health Sciences Library at the State University of New York at Buffalo has been using since October 1970. Features of the system include automatic production of overdue, fine, and billing notices; notices for call-in of requested books; and book availability notices. Remote operation and processing on the IBM 360/40 and CDC 6400 computer are accomplished via the Administrative Terminal System (ATS) and Terminal job Entry (T]E). The system provides information for management of the collection and improved service to the user.
An Interactive Computer-Based Circulation System for Northwestern University: The Library Puts It to Work
Authors: Veneziano Velma
Published: January 2015

Northwestern University Library's on-line circulation system has resulted in dramatic changes in practices and procedures in the Circulation Services Section. After a hectic period of implementation, the staff soon began to adjust to the system. Over the past year and a half, they have devised ways to use the system to maximum advantage, so that manual and machine systems now mesh in close harmony. Freed from time-consuming clerical chores, the staff have been challenged to use their released time to best advantage, with the result that the "service" in "Circulation Services" is much closer to being a reality.
Two Types of Designs for On-Line Circulation Systems
Authors: McGee Rob
Published: January 2015

On-line circulation systems divide into two types. One type contains records only for charged or otherwise absent items. The other contains a file of records for all titles or volumes in the library collection, regardless of their circulation status. This paper traces differences between the two types, examining different kinds of files and terminals, transaction evidence, the quality of bibliographic data, querying, and the possibility of functions outside circulation. Aspects of both operational and potential systems are considered.
Content Designators for Machine-Readable Records: A Working Paper
Authors: Avram Henriette D. , Guiles Kay D.
Published: January 2015

Under the auspices of the International Federation of Library Association's Committees on Cataloging and Mechanization,. an International Working Group on Content Designators was formed to attempt to resolve the differences in the content designators assigned by national agencies to their machine-readable bibliographic records.
Regional Numerical Union Catalog on Computer Output Microfiche
Authors: McGrath William E. , Simon Donald
Published: January 2015

A union catalog of 1,100,000 books on computer output microfiche (COM) in twenty-one Louisiana libraries is described. The catalog, called LNR for Louisiana Numerical Register, consists not of bibliographic information, but primarily of the LC card number and letter codes for the libraries holding the book. The computer programs, the data bank, and output are described. The programs provide the capability for listing over two million entries. Also described are the statistical tabulations which are a by-product of the system and which provide a rich source for analysis.
The New York Public Library Automated Book Catalog Subsystem
Authors: Malinconico S. Michael , Rizzolo James A.
Published: January 2015

A comprehensive automated bibliographic control system has been developed by the New York Public Library. This system is unique in its use of an automated authority system and highly sophisticated machine filing algorithms. The primary aim was the rigorous control of established forms and their cross-reference structure. The original impetus for creation of the system, and its most highly visible product, is a photocomposed book catalog. The book catalog subsystem supplies automatic punctuation of condensed entries and contains the ability to pmduce cumulation/ supplement book catalogs in installments without loss of control of the crossreferencing structure.
Book Reviews
Authors: Bierman Kenneth J. , Atherton Pauline , Payne Charles T. , Crawford Walt , Martin David S.
Published: January 2015

Book Reviews
Catalog Records Retrieved by Personal Author Using Derived Search Keys
Authors: Landgraf Alan L. , Kilgour Frederick G.
Published: January 2015

This investigation shows that search keys derived from personal author names possess a sufficient degree of distinctness to be employed in an efficient computerized interactive index to a file of MARC II catalog records having 167,745 personal author entries.
Statistical Behavior of Search Keys
Authors: Bookstein Abraham
Published: January 2015

In discussion about search keys, concern has been expressed as to how the nunber of items tetrieved by a single value relates to collection size. This paper creates a statistical model that attempts to give some insight into this behavior. It is concluded that, in general, the observed behavior can be explained as being intrinsically statistical in nature rather than being a property of specific search keys. An attempt is made to relate this model to other tesearch, and to indicate how this model may be made to yield more accurate predictions.
Technical Communications
Authors: Bosseau Don L.
Published: January 2015

Technical Communications
ISAD Ad Hoc Committee Reports
Authors: Shoffner Ralph M.
Published: January 2015

ISAD Ad Hoc Committee Reports
Corporate Author Entry Records Retrieved by Use of Derived Truncated Search Keys
Authors: Landgraf Alan L. , Rastogi Kunj B. , Long Philip L.
Published: January 2015

An experiment was conducted to design a corporate author index to a large bibliographic file. The nature of corporate entries necessitates a different search key construction from that of personal names or titles. Derivation of a search key to select distinct corporate entry records is discussed.
The Minnesota Union List of Serials
Authors: Grosch Audrey N.
Published: January 2015

This paper describes development of a MARC serials format union catalog of serials called the Minnesota Union List of Serials (MULS). The Preliminary Edition, published August 1972, contains over 37,000 main entries in 1,566 text pages produced through photocomposition in News Gothic typefont using the full MARC character set. The total number of entries is over 59,000, including cross-references. Conceptualization and scope of the system as well as its design, data conversion, computer and programming support, photocomposition, costs, and problems are discussed.
Technical Communications
Authors: Crawford Walt , Roberts Justine , Taylor Desmond , Kilgour Frederick G.
Published: January 2015

Technical Communications
Comparison of MARC Serials, NSDP, and ISBD-S
Authors: Pulsifer Josephine S.
Published: January 2015

Briefly characterizes and compares the specifications for serial records of the MARC Serials Distribution Service, the National Serials Data Program, and the International Standard Bibliographic Description for Serials. Both data content and, where applicable, machine format are analyzed.
A Regional Serials Program Under National Serials Data Program Auspices: Discussion Paper Prepared for Ad Hoc Serials Discussion Group
Authors: Grosch Audrey N.
Published: January 2015

A regionally organized program for serials bibliography is proposed because of the large volume of complex data needing control and the many purposes to which the data can be put in support of regional or local needs.
Providing Bibliographic Services From Machine-Readable Data Bases--The Library's Role
Authors: De Gennaro Richard
Published: January 2015

Libraries will play a key role in providing access to data bases, but not by subscribing to tape services and establishing local processing centers as is commonly assumed. High costs and the nature of the demand will make this approach unfeasible. It is more likely that the library's reference staff will develop the capability of serving as a broker between the local campus user and the various regional or specialized retail distribution centers which exist or will be established.