bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A New, Stereoselective, Ring‐Forming Reaction of 1,2‐Ethanedithiol with N‐Acylated Indoles.
Authors: Tsotinis Andrew , Eleutheriades Andreas , Di Bari Lorenzo , Pescitelli Gennaro
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxazepines and Thiazepines. Part 45. Synthesis of Benzo[b][1,4]thiazepines by the Reaction of 3‐Aryl‐1‐(3‐coumarinyl)propen‐1‐ones with 2‐Aminothiophenol.
Authors: Levai Albert , Jeko Jozsef , Gondos Timea , Simon Andras , Toth Gabor
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (Arylalkenyl)silanes by Palladium‐Catalyzed Regiospecific and Stereoselective Allyl Transfer from Silyl‐Substituted Homoallyl Alcohols to Aryl Halides.
Authors: Hayashi Sayuri , Hirano Koji , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Routes Towards the Austrodorane Skeleton Based on Pinacol Rearrangement: Synthesis of (+)‐Austrodoral (Ia) and (+)‐Austrodoric Acid (Ib).
Authors: Alvarez‐Manzaneda Enrique , Chahboun Rachid , Barranco Inmaculada , Cabrera Eduardo , Alvarez Esteban , Lara Armando , Alvarez‐Manzaneda Ramon , Hmamouchi Mohamed , Es‐Samti Hakima
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bargellini Condensation of Coumarins. Expeditious Route to o‐Carboxyvinylphenoxyisobutyric Acids and Application to the Synthesis of Sesquiterpenes Helianane, Heliannuol A and Heliannuol C.
Authors: Biswas Bidyut , Sen Prabir K. , Venkateswaran Ramanathapuram V.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Xeniaphyllane‐Derived Terpenoids from the Formosan Soft Coral Sinularia gibberosa.
Authors: Chen Shin‐Pin , Su Jui‐Hsin , Ahmed Atallah Fouad , Dai Chang‐Feng , Wu Yang‐Chang , Sheu Jyh‐Horng
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bolivianine, a New Sesterpene with an Unusual Skeleton from Hedyosmum angustifolium, and Its Isomer, Isobolivianine.
Authors: Acebey Lucia , Sauvain Michel , Beck Stephan , Moulis Claude , Gimenez Aberto , Jullian Valerie
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Compositions of Royal Jelly II. Organic Acid Glycosides and Sterols of the Royal Jelly of Honeybees (Apis mellifera).
Authors: Kodai Tetsuya , Umebayashi Kazue , Nakatani Takafumi , Ishiyama Kaori , Noda Naoki
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Branched α‐Amino Acids Through Efficient Kinetic Resolution in the Phase‐Transfer‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Alkylations.
Authors: Ooi Takashi , Kato Daisuke , Inamura Koji , Ohmatsu Kohsuke , Maruoka Keiji
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Eschenmoser—Claisen Rearrangement for anti‐β‐Substituted γ,δ‐Unsaturated Amino Acids.
Authors: Qu Hongchang , Gu Xuyuan , Liu Zhihua , Min Byoung J. , Hruby Victor J.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigations into the Synthesis of Amine‐Linked Neodisaccharides.
Authors: Akhtar Tashfeen , Cumpstey Ian
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Duplex Stability of DNA×DNA and DNA×RNA Duplexes Containing 3′‐S‐Phosphorothiolate Linkages.
Authors: Bentley Joanne , Brazier John A. , Fisher Julie , Cosstick Richard
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Bistramide A.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Chetia Lakshindra
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Xanthones from Cudrania Tricuspidata Displaying Potent α‐Glucosidase Inhibition.
Authors: Seo Eun Jin , Curtis‐Long Marcus J. , Lee Byong Won , Kim Hoi Young , Ryu Young Bae , Jeong Tae‐Sook , Lee Woo Song , Park Ki Hun
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies Towards the Synthesis of Aculeatin C.
Authors: Peuchmaur Marine , Wong Yung‐Sing
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cinnamylindoline Derivatives: Synthesis and Factor Xa (FXa) Inhibitory Activities.
Authors: Noguchi Tetsuji , Tanaka Naoki , Nishimata Toyoki , Goto Riki , Hayakawa Miho , Sugidachi Atsuhiro , Ogawa Taketoshi , Asai Fumitoshi , Fujimoto Koichi
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanocrystalline Zeolites and Zeolite Structures: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications
Authors: Larsen Sarah C.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Mg—Al—Ca Alloy System for Structural Applications at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Suzuki Akane , Saddock Nicholas D. , TerBush Jessica R. , Jones J. Wayne , Pollock Tresa M. , Powell Bob R.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallo‐Intercalators and Metallo‐Insertors
Authors: Zeglis Brian M. , Pierre Valerie C. , Barton Jacqueline K.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Mediated Synthesis of Substituted Cyclooctatetraenes
Authors: Wang Chao , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oximes of Five‐Membered Heterocyclic Compounds with Two Heteroatoms. Part 2. Reactions and Biological Activity
Authors: Abele E. , Abele R. , Lukevics E.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Introduction of Chirality into PNA by Replacement of the Achiral Methylene Carbonyl Linkage to the Nucleobase
Authors: Wojciechowski Filip , Hudson Robert H. E.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis Study of 2′‐O‐(2‐Methoxyethyl)‐purine Derivatives
Authors: Sivets Grigorii G.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of L‐2′‐Deoxypentofuranonucleoside Derivatives of Thymine from D‐Glucose
Authors: Sivets Grigorii G.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2′,3′‐Isopropylidene Group, a Molecular Scaffold to Study the Activity of Adenosine and Adenylate Deaminase on Adenosine Analogues Modified in the Ribose Moiety
Authors: Ciuffreda Pierangela , Alessandrini Laura , Santaniello Enzo
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Looking for New Pyrimidine Acyclic Nucleotide Analogues Designed for Phosphorylation by Human UMP‐CMP Kinase
Authors: Topalis Dimitri , Kumamoto Hiroki , Alexandre Julie A. C. , Dugue Laurence , Pochet Sylvie , Berteina‐Raboin Sabine , Agrofoglio Luigi A. , Deville‐Bonne Dominique
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkyne‐Azide Click Chemistry Mediated Carbanucleosides Synthesis
Authors: Agrofoglio Luigi A. , et al. et al.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stereoselective disposition of S‐ and R‐licarbazepine in mice
Authors: Alves Gilberto , Figueiredo Isabel , Falcão Amílcar , Castel‐Branco Margarida , Caramona Margarida , Soares‐DA‐Silva Patrício
Published: February 2008

The stereoselective disposition of S‐licarbazepine (S‐Lic) and R‐licarbazepine (R‐Lic) was investigated in plasma, brain, liver, and kidney tissues after their individual administration (350 mg/kg) to mice by oral gavage. Plasma, brain, liver, and kidney concentrations of licarbazepine enantiomers and their metabolites were determined over the time by a validated chiral HPLC‐UV method. The mean concentration data, attained at each time point, were analyzed using a non‐compartmental model. S‐Lic and R‐Lic were rapidly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract of mouse and immediately distributed to tissues supplied with high blood flow rates. Both licarbazepine enantiomers were metabolized to a small extent, each parent compound being mainly responsible for the systemic and tissue drug exposure. The stereoselectivity in the metabolism and distribution of S‐ and R‐Lic was easily identified. An additional metabolite was detected following R‐Lic administration and S‐Lic showed a particular predisposition for hepatic and renal accumulation. Stereoselective processes were also identified at the blood–brain barrier, with the brain exposure to S‐Lic almost twice that of R‐Lic. Another finding, reported here for the first time, was the ability of the mouse to perform the chiral inversion of S‐ and R‐Lic, albeit to a small extent. Chirality, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerische Simulation der Mikroströmung in porösen inerten Strukturen
Authors: Habisreuther P. , Djordjevic N. , Zarzalis N.
Published: February 2008

Aufgrund ihrer sehr hohen spezifischen Oberfläche besitzen offenporige poröse Materialien herausragende Transporteigenschaften. Die besonderen Transporteigenschaften in Kombination mit der hohen mechanischen Stabilität keramischer Grundmaterialien begründen das hohe Interesse, das monolithischen keramischen Schwammstrukturen (offenenporige zelluläre Strukturen) entgegengebracht wird. Dem gegenüber steht ein Mangel an Modellen für die ausreichend genaue, quantitative Beschreibung der vielfältigen Eigenschaften dieser Materialien und den daraus resultierenden Beschränkungen für den industriellen Einsatz. In dieser Arbeit wurde sowohl die experimentell erfasste Mikrostruktur eines keramischen Schwamms als auch eine randome, auf dem Tetrakaidekaeder‐Modell beruhende Modellstruktur mit klassischer CFD („computational fluid dynamics”︁) untersucht. Ziel dieser Arbeiten war es zu klären, ob eine numerische Simulation der Strömungsvorgänge in ausreichender Genauigkeit in der Lage ist, den Transportvorgang durch die Mikrostruktur der Schwammmaterialien zu berechnen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden einerseits aus MRI‐Messdaten („magnetic resonance imaging”︁) gewonnene, rekonstruierte Geometriedaten als auch eine Modellgeometrie mit näherungsweise gleicher spezifischer Oberfläche und Porosität mit einem Rechennetz diskretisiert und darauf aufbauend die Strömung mit einem kommerziellen CFD‐Programm simuliert. Die Ergebnisse wurden hinsichtlich des Druckverlustes analysiert und mit Messdaten aus der Literatur verglichen. Die teilweise sehr gute Übereinstimmung mit dem Experiment, aber auch die Unterschiede beider Rechenergebnisse ermutigen zu weitergehenden numerischen Untersuchungen, die auch Wärmetransport berücksichtigen.
Präparation und Evaluation neuer Hybrid‐Protonenleiter – Teil III: Phosphorsäureimprägnierte Polybenzimidazol‐Polymerelektrolytmembran für den Brennstoffzellbetrieb
Authors: Huth A. , Scheffler R. , Hübner G. , Seyfried F. , Wark M. , Caro J.
Published: February 2008

Als Alternative zu Nafion als Niedertemperatur‐Polymerelektrolytmembran wurde phosphorsäureimprägniertes Polybenzimidazol als Hochtemperatur‐Polymerelektrolytmembran für eine H2/Luft‐Brennstoffzelle mit einer Arbeitstemperatur von 160 °C erfolgreich betrieben und getestet. Der Einfluss von Temperatur, Produktwasser und Phosphorsäuregehalt auf die Protonenleitfähigkeit und den Wasserstoff‐Schlupf der Membran wurden gemessen. Dabei stellte sich heraus, dass ein Film aus phosphorsäureimprägniertem Polybenzimidazol im Vergleich zu Nafion deutlich verbesserte anwendungstechnische Eigenschaften für Betriebstemperaturen über 100 °C besitzt. Eine Polybenzimidazolmembran mit einem Phosphorsäuregehalt von 83 Gew.‐% kann langzeitstabil bei 160 °C in der H2/Luft‐Brennstoffzelle betrieben werden und besitzt im Brennstoffzellenbetrieb eine Protonenleitfähigkeit von σ = 0,22 S cm–1. Weiterhin zeichnet sich die phosphorsäureimprägnierte Polybenzimidazolmembran mit zunehmender Temperatur und zunehmendem Gehalt an Phosphorsäure durch abnehmende transmembrane Wasserstoff‐Flüsse aus.
Untersuchungen zur potenziellen Fucoidanase‐Aktivität von Dendryphiella arenaria
Authors: Kelly S. , Holtkamp A. , Poth S. , Lang S. , Ulber R.
Published: February 2008

Fucoidane sind auf Fucose basierende sulfatierte Polysaccharide von hohem Molekulargewicht. Da „Low Molecular Weight Fucoidane”︁ (LMWF) von vielfältigem pharmazeutischem Interesse sind, wurden bereits aus verschiedenen Bakterien und marinen Weichtieren Enzyme mit entsprechender Hydrolyse‐Aktivität isoliert. Im Folgenden wird untersucht, ob auch marine Pilze wie Dendryphiella arenaria derartige Enzymaktivitäten besitzen.
Thermisch unterstützte Bodenreinigung durch direkte Erwärmung mittels Radiowellen. Teil 2: Kombination mit unterschiedlichen Sanierungsverfahren
Authors: Roland U. , Buchenhorst D. , Kopinke F.‐D. , Bergmann S. , Holzer F.
Published: February 2008

Die Radiowellen‐Erwärmung von kontaminierten Böden erlaubt es, durch Temperaturerhöhung ein breites Spektrum von Reinigungsverfahren effektiver zu gestalten. Durch moderate Erwärmung können biologische Abbauprozesse beschleunigt werden, wobei eine Schädigung von Mikroorganismen durch die angewandten elektromagnetischen Felder ausgeschlossen wurde. Durch die Erhöhung von Dampfdruck, Wasserlöslichkeit und Mobilität können auf der Desorption von Schadstoffen basierende Reinigungsverfahren wie die Bodenluftabsaugung beschleunigt werden. Dabei können Effekte der Wasserdampfdestillation im Temperaturbereich um 100 °C ausgenutzt werden. Daneben ist es auch möglich, durch Bodenerwärmung in situ die chemische Umwandlung von Schadstoffen in unschädliche Produkte zu initiieren.
Konzentrationsmonitoring bei Gas/Flüssig‐Reaktionen mittels einer modifizierten Schallgeschwindigkeits‐Sonde
Authors: Schwidder S. , Machefer S. , Schnitzlein K.
Published: February 2008

Am Beispiel der Hydrierung von α‐Methylstyrol (AMS) wird der Einsatz einer Schallsonde, die sich durch Robustheit und Unabhängigkeit von den optischen Eigenschaften der Flüssigkeit auszeichnet, als indirektes Inline‐Messverfahren zur Erfassung des Reaktionsfortschrittes von Gas/Flüssig‐Reaktionen gezeigt. Durch eine Modifizierung kann die Sonde auch für Systeme mit dipersen Gasphasen eingesetzt werden, welche die Messung sonst empfindlich stören würden.
Entwicklung des Porensystems bei der einstufigen Teilvergasung von Biomasse im Drehrohrreaktor
Authors: Gómez A. , Klose W. , Wiest W.
Published: February 2008

Eine technische Variante des Prozesses der Teilvergasung von Biomasse im Drehrohrreaktor wird hier dargestellt. Die Pyrolyse und die folgende Teilvergasung des entstehenden Pyrolysats werden in dem selben Drehrohrreaktor in einem einstufigen Prozess in Wasserdampfatmosphäre durchgeführt. Dies entspricht einer Modifikation der üblichen Methode zur Teilvergasung (und Aktivkohleherstellung), die jeweils durch getrennte Stufen und Reaktoren für die Pyrolyse und die Teilvergasung des Pyrolysats erfolgt. Dazu wird die Entwicklung des Porensystems der Feststoffe während der Teilvergasung von Ölpalmschalen, das Endokarp der Ölpalmfrüchte, im indirekt beheizten Drehrohrreaktor untersucht.
Be‐ und Entladesysteme für thermische Schichtenspeicher: Teil 1 – Überblick
Authors: Göppert S. , Urbaneck T. , Schirmer U. , Lohse R. , Platzer B.
Published: February 2008

Die effiziente Speicherung von thermischer Energie in Wasserspeichern erfordert einfache Be‐ und Entladesysteme, die eine thermische Schichtung im Speicher zuverlässig bewirken und erhalten. Eine hinsichtlich bereits existierender Verfahren und Systeme zur Be‐ und Entladung solcher Speicher durchgeführte Recherche zeigt, dass es eine Vielzahl möglicher Konstruktionen gibt, von denen jedoch die meisten bisher nur in kleinen Speichern eingesetzt werden. Über diese Varianten wird ein systematischer Überblick gegeben und besonders im Hinblick auf einen Einsatz solcher Be‐ und Entladesysteme in großen Speichern werden offene Probleme aufgezeigt.
Ein Vergleich zweier Sedimentationsverfahren zur Bestimmung des Staubungsverhaltens von Pulvern
Authors: Bach S. , Schmidt E.
Published: February 2008

Die DIN EN 15051 „Arbeitsplatzatmosphäre – Messung des Staubungsverhaltens von Schüttgütern”︁ beschreibt zwei Referenzprüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Staubungsneigung von Pulvern am Arbeitsplatz und gibt des Weiteren eine Vorgehensweise vor, wie weitere Apparaturen auf ihre Gleichwertigkeit zu diesen Referenzen hin zu testen sind. Im vorliegenden Fall wurde das „Palas DustView”︁ – ein single‐drop Verfahren – mit dem Referenzprüfverfahren B der Norm „kontinuierlicher Fall im Gegenstrom”︁ verglichen.
Neue Anlage zur Energieproduktion aus kontaminierter Biomasse
Authors: Stehlík P. , Smejkal Q. , Štulíř Roman
Published: February 2008

Dieser Artikel beschreibt eine neue, moderne Anlage zur Energieproduktion aus schadstoffhaltiger Biomasse und/oder alternativen Brennstoffen, die für ihre effiziente Integration bewährter technologischer Lösungen beachtenswert ist. Im Einzelnen werden ihre Brennkammer, Wärmeausnutzung, Rauchgasreinigung und Ausnutzung der Rauchgasnachwärme nebst Einführung in eine Referenzanlage in Anlagengröße erläutert.
18F‐Labeled FAUC 346 and BP 897 Derivatives as Subtype‐Selective Potential PET Radioligands for the Dopamine D3 Receptor
Authors: Hocke Carsten , Prante Olaf , Salama Ismael , Hübner Harald , Löber Stefan , Kuwert Torsten , Gmeiner Peter
Published: February 2008

Disturbances of neutrotransmission at the dopamine D3 receptor are related to several neuropsychiatric diseases and in particular to drug addiction. Herein, we report the computer‐assisted prediction of D3 selectivities of new fluoroalkoxy‐substituted receptor ligands by means of 3D‐QSAR analysis. As close analogues of the D3‐selective lead compound FAUC 346 and BP 879, the 19F‐substituted test compounds 4 a–d were synthesized and evaluated. In vitro investigation of their binding characteristics in transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells led to excellent Ki values between 0.12 and 0.69 nM at the dopamine D3 subtype. The benzothiophene‐substituted carboxamide 4 a (Ki=0.12 nM) displayed 133 and 283‐fold selectivity over the structurally related D2Long and D4 subtypes, respectively. Mitogenesis assays showed the behavior of partial agonists. Based on these data, we synthesized the [18F]fluoroethoxy‐substituted radioligands [18F]4 a–d. The N‐[4‐[4‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)piperazin‐1‐yl]butyl]‐2‐carboxamides 3 a–d were prepared and labeled with 2‐[18F]fluoroethyltosylate in a two‐step procedure. Optimization of the 18F‐labeling conditions led to radiochemical yields between 24 and 65 %.
Lymphadenectomy for isolated lymph node metastasis from extremity soft‐tissue sarcomas
Authors: Al‐Refaie Waddah B. , Andtbacka Robert H.I. , Ensor Joe , Pisters Peter W.T. , Ellis Tammy L. , Shrout Anita , Hunt Kelly K. , Cormier Janice N. , Pollock Raphael E. , Feig Barry W.
Published: February 2008

BACKGROUND

Previous studies have suggested that the prognosis in patients with extremity soft‐tissue sarcomas (ESTS) with isolated lymph node (LN) metastases (stage IV) is comparable to that of patients with high‐risk ESTS without metastases (stage III). This study was performed to determine the outcomes of patients who underwent aggressive therapy, including lymphadenectomy in patients with LN metastasis from ESTS.

METHODS

Demographic details, pathology of the primary disease, timing of LN metastasis, and details of the multimodality treatment were obtained from the medical records of 35 patients with nodal metastasis from ESTS who were treated between 1981 and 2003. Survival after the diagnosis of primary disease and LN metastasis was compared with established historical outcomes for patients with American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) stages III and IV ESTS.

RESULTS

Epithelioid sarcomas (23%) and malignant fibrous histiocytomas (23%) were the most common primary histologic types. Twenty (57%) patients presented with synchronous nodal metastasis. Median follow‐up from the time of diagnosis of lymph node metastasis was 48.5 months. The 1‐year, 2‐year, and5‐year actuarial survival rates in patients with synchronous nodal metastasis after lymphadenectomy and additional therapy were 79%, 62%, and 52%, respectively. In comparison, the 1‐year, 2‐year, and 5‐year actuarial survival rates in patients with metachronous nodal metastasis after lymphadenectomy and additional therapy were 100%, 95%, and 66%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with isolated regional lymph node metastases who are treated with aggressive approaches, including regional LN dissection, may experience prolonged survival similar to that which more closely approximates the survival seen in patients with stage III disease (5‐year survival rate, 50%) rather than the survival seen in patients with stage IV disease (5‐year survival rate, 25%). These data lend support for reconsideration of the current AJCC staging system for ESTS. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Active surveillance for early‐stage prostate cancer
Authors: Dall'Era Marc A. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Chan June M. , Davies Benjamin J. , Albertsen Peter C. , Klotz Laurence H. , Warlick Christopher A. , Holmberg Lars , Bailey Donald E. , Wallace Meredith E. , Kantoff Philip W. , Carroll Peter R.
Published: February 2008

The natural history of prostate cancer is remarkably heterogeneous and, at this time, not completely understood. The widespread adoption and application of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening has led to a dramatic shift toward the diagnosis of low‐volume, nonpalpable, early‐stage tumors. Autopsy and early observational studies have shown that approximately 1 in 3 men aged >50 years has histologic evidence of prostate cancer, with a significant portion of tumors being small and possibly clinically insignificant. Utilizing the power of improved contemporary risk stratification schema to better identify patients with a low risk of cancer progression, several centers are gaining considerable experience with active surveillance and delayed, selective, and curative therapy. A literature review was performed to evaluate the rationale behind active surveillance for prostate cancer and to describe the early experiences from surveillance protocols. It appears that a limited number of men on active surveillance have required treatment, with the majority of such men having good outcomes after delayed selective intervention for progressive disease. The best candidates for active surveillance are being defined, as are predictors of active treatment. The psychosocial ramifications of surveillance for prostate cancer can be profound and future needs and unmet goals will be discussed. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Sprouting interneurons in mushroom bodies of adult cricket brains
Authors: Mashaly Ashraf , Winkler Margret , Frambach Ina , Gras Heribert , Schürmann Friedrich‐Wilhelm
Published: February 2008

In crickets, neurogenesis persists throughout adulthood for certain local brain interneurons, the Kenyon cells in the mushroom bodies, which represent a prominent compartment for sensory integration, learning, and memory. Several classes of these neurons originate from a perikaryal layer, which includes a cluster of neuroblasts, surrounded by somata that provide the mushroom body's columnar neuropil. We describe the form, distribution, and cytology of Kenyon cell groups in the process of generation and growth in comparison to developed parts of the mushroom bodies in adult crickets of the species Gryllus bimaculatus. A subset of growing Kenyon cells with sprouting processes has been distinguished from adjacent Kenyon cells by its prominent f‐actin labelling. Growth cone‐like elements are detected in the perikaryal layer and in their associated sprouting fiber bundles. Sprouting fibers distant from the perikarya contain ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum not found in the dendritic processes of the calyx. A core of sprouting Kenyon cell processes is devoid of synapses and is not invaded by extrinsic neuronal elements. Measurements of fiber cross‐sections and counts of synapses and organelles suggest a continuous gradient of growth and maturation leading from the core of added new processes out to the periphery of mature Kenyon cell fiber groups. Our results are discussed in the context of Kenyon cell classification, growth dynamics, axonal fiber maturation, and function. J. Comp. Neurol. 508:153–174, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolution in spatial predator–prey models and the “prudent predator”: The inadequacy of steady‐state organism fitness and the concept of individual and group selection
Authors: Goodnight C. , Rauch E. , Sayama H. , De Aguiar M. A. M. , Baranger M. , Bar‐yam Y.
Published: February 2008

We review recent research which reveals: (1) how spatially distributed populations avoid overexploiting resources due to the local extinction of over‐exploitative variants, and (2) how the conventional understanding of evolutionary processes is violated by spatial populations so that basic concepts, including fitness assignment to individual organisms, are not applicable, and even kin and group selection are unable to describe the mechanism by which exploitative behavior is bounded. To understand these evolutionary processes, a broader view is needed of the properties of multiscale spatiotemporal patterns in organism–environment interactions. We discuss measures that quantify the effects of these interactions on the evolution of a population, including multigenerational fitness and the heritability of the environment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2008.
Classification of emergence and its relation to self‐organization
Authors: Halley Julianne. D. , Winkler David A.
Published: February 2008

Emergence is a difficult concept to describe clearly. It has been characterized in the literature in a number of ways, none of which are easy to understand or describe clearly how other concepts in complex systems science are related to emergence. We provide a simple, clear description, and classification of emergence in terms of self‐organization. This provides a framework for understanding how concepts such as thermodynamic equilibrium, nonlinearity, and computability are related to emergence. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2008.
Public perceptions of binge eating and its treatment
Authors: Mond Jonathan M. , Hay Phillipa J.
Published: February 2008

Objective:

Attitudes and beliefs concerning a binge eating problem were examined in a community sample of men and women (n = 1031) aged 15 to 94 years.

Method:

A vignette describing a fictional 32‐year‐old female obese binge eater was presented, followed by a series of questions concerning the nature and treatment of the problem described.

Results:

Most participants believed that binge eating is primarily a problem of low self‐esteem or depression. Behavioral weight loss treatment and self‐help interventions were the treatments considered most helpful, whereas few participants believed that psychotherapy would be helpful. General practitioners and dieticians were the treatment providers considered most helpful. Most participants were ambivalent about prognosis given treatment and pessimistic about outcome in the absence of treatment.

Conclusion:

The fact that binge eating is viewed primarily as a problem of negative affect, and that specific psychotherapy is not highly regarded as a treatment, may go some way to explaining why most individuals with binge eating‐type disorders do not receive appropriate treatment. The benefits of specific psychotherapy in stabilizing eating behavior and improving quality of life for obese binge eaters need to be communicated to sufferers and to the health professionals they are likely to contact. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Readiness to change mediates the impact of eating disorder symptomatology on treatment outcome in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Bewell Carmen V. , Carter Jacqueline C.
Published: February 2008

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to determine if readiness to change eating and weight was predictive of anorexia nervosa (AN) inpatient treatment outcome, and whether it mediates the relationships between AN treatment outcome and other known predictors of outcome.

Method:

Participants were 127 patients with AN who were consecutively admitted to an intensive in‐patient treatment program. They completed the Eating Disorder Inventory at admission and a measure of readiness to change after 4 weeks of treatment.

Results:

Readiness to change significantly predicted treatment outcome, even after controlling for level of eating disorder symptomatology at admission and AN subtype. It was also found to fully mediate the relationship between eating disorder symptomatology at admission and later treatment outcome.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest not only that readiness to make changes is an important indicator of future inpatient treatment outcome, but that it is the mechanism by which eating disorder symptomatology predicts success in a treatment program. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008.
Exploring the typology of night eating syndrome
Authors: Striegel‐Moore Ruth H. , Franko Debra L. , Thompson Douglas , Affenito Sandra , May Alexis , Kraemer Helena C.
Published: February 2008

Objective:

There is an ongoing debate about the definitions and clinical significance of night eating syndrome (NES). This study explored potential subtypes based on night eating patterns and features reported to be associated, with NES in a representative community sample of 8,250 individuals aged 15–39 years.

Method:

Latent class analysis was used to identify NES subtypes among 2,068 participants who reported night eating behavior.

Results:

A four‐class solution was judged best. Two classes appear to characterize individuals who eat very late or eat a large proportion of their daily intake after 7 pm, and two other classes are characterized by high rates of depressive symptoms. Results do not support an association between night eating and obesity in young adults. Late night eating is associated with high caloric intake, high sodium intake, and low protein intake.

Conclusion:

Evidence supports the validity of a definition of NES based on eating very late at night. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Complex Effect of Partial Substitution of La3+ by Ca2+ on the Stability of Fast Oxide‐Ion Conductor La2Mo2O9
Authors: Selmi Ania , Corbel Gwenaël , Kojikian Stéphanie , Voronkova Valentina , Kharitonova Elena , Lacorre Philippe
Published: February 2008

Demixing/recombination and metastability phenomena are observed in the La2–2xCa2xMo2O9–x solid solutions ofLAMOX‐type fast oxide‐ion conductors (0.005 ≤ x ≤ 0.05). The demixing process is more visible at high Ca content. The effects of composition, sample shape (powders with twodegrees of fineness, ceramic pellets, single crystals) and thermal history are studied by using high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized microscopy. All these parameters are shown to have an influence on the stability of, and transformations between, the ordered α and the disordered β forms of the LAMOX compounds. Powder samples with low Ca content (x = 0.01, 0.02) have been stabilized in the α form, and powder samples with higher Ca content (x = 0.03, 0.04, 0.05) are in the β form. Upon heating, the low‐Ca‐content compounds (x = 0.01 and x = 0.02) exhibit the α/β transition, whereas those with higher Ca content (x = 0.03 and x = 0.04) show a succession of β/α/β phase transformations (metastability of the β form). The compound with the highest Ca content (x = 0.05) remains in the β form over the whole thermal range. Upon cooling, all samples exhibit the β/α phase transition. When x = 0.04, powder annealing suppresses all the phase transformations upon heating, but not the β/α transition upon cooling, whereas sample shaping/sintering as a pellet stabilizes the β form over the whole thermal range upon heating and cooling. Single crystals with compositions x = 0.005 and x = 0.025 can be obtained either in the α or in the β form by slow cooling or by quenching, respectively. In these oxide‐ion conductors with a high concentration of point defects, internal or external stress appears to strongly affect the vacancy equilibrium but not the demixing/recombination phenomenon.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis and Anion‐Binding Studies of Thiaphlorins and Covalently Linked Thiaphlorin–Porphyrin Dyads
Authors: Gupta Iti , Fröhlich Roland , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: February 2008

A series of thiaphlorins with N2S2 and N3S cores have been prepared in decent yields from readily available precursors. The thiaphlorins were characterized by all spectroscopic techniques and the structures of two thiaphlorins were solved by X‐ray crystallography. The spectral studies indicated that the properties of thiaphlorins were quite different from those of thiaporphyrins. The methodology used for the synthesis of thiaphlorins has been extended to synthesize a series of monofunctionalized thiaphlorins. We also performed functional group transformation of thiaphlorins without decomposition, supporting the conjecture of the stable natures of thiaphlorins. The crystal structure analysis of two thiaphlorins indicated that the macrocycles are not planar and that they each show a marked kink at sp3‐hybridised meso carbon. The functionalized thiaphlorins have been used to synthesize several novel porphyrin–thiaphlorin dyads as well as a bis(thiaphlorin) dyad under mild palladium(0) coupling conditions. Preliminary anion‐binding studies carried out on thiaphlorins and porphyrin–thiaphlorin dyads indicated that they can bind anions effectively in their protonated forms and that these systems can also be used as optical sensors.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Diastereoselective Additions to (3S)‐3‐Aminodehydrocaprolactams: Development of a Versatile Synthesis of New Substituted Cyclic L‐Lysines
Authors: Levraud Camille , Calvet‐Vitale Sandrine , Bertho Gildas , Dhimane Hamid
Published: February 2008

Easily obtained cyclic 6,7‐dehydro‐L‐lysine was employed as starting template to generate variously substituted enantiopure 3‐aminocaprolactams. syn‐Dihydroxylation, hydroxymethoxylation, halomethoxylation and subsequent eliminations were performed with this starting enelactam, thus leading, in regio‐ and stereoselective manners, to new mono‐,di‐ and trisubstituted 3‐aminocaprolactams. Structural and mechanistic aspects of these reactions, as well as the origin of the high diastereoselectivities observed in this study are discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of Novel Indole‐Based Ring Systems by Acid‐Catalysed Condensation from α‐Amino Aldehydes and L‐Trp‐OMe
Authors: Gomez‐Monterrey Isabel M. , Campiglia Pietro , Bertamino Alessia , Aquino Claudio , Mazzoni Orazio , Diurno Maria V. , Iacovino Rosa , Saviano Michele , Sala Marina , Novellino Ettore , Grieco Paolo
Published: February 2008

Acid‐catalysed condensation of tryptophan with different α‐amino aldehyde derivatives has been explored as a useful route to the synthesis of novel amino acid derived heterocycles and peptidomimetic scaffolds. By this approach, compounds containing a tetrahydro‐β‐carboline and a novel octahydropyrrolo[3′,2′:3,4]pyrrolo[2,3‐b]indole system have been efficiently synthesized. Here we report the characterization of these new compounds and preliminary studies of the reactivity of the tetrahydro‐β‐carboline system.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Benzylic Imidazolidinium, 3,4,5,6‐Tetrahydropyrimidinium and Benzimidazolium Salts: Applications in Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution Reactions
Authors: Yasar Sedat , Özdemir Ismail , Cetinkaya Bekir , Renaud Jean‐Luc , Bruneau Christian
Published: February 2008

Imidazolidinium, tetrahydropyrimidinium and benzimidazolium salts were prepared. Upon reaction with tBuOK, they generate carbene ligands, which were associated in situ to [RuCp*(MeCN)3]PF6 to produce ruthenium catalysts that are active for the substitution of allylic substrates by dimethyl malonate as a carbonucleophile and phenol. The influences of the N‐heterocyclic structures, as well as that of the benzylic N‐substituents, on the reactivity and regioselectivity were examined.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Characterization of voltage degradation in dynamic field gradient focusing
Authors: Burke Jeffrey M. , Ivory Cornelius F.
Published: February 2008

Dynamic field gradient focusing (DFGF) is an equilibrium gradient method that utilizes an electric field gradient to simultaneously separate and concentrate charged analytes based on their individual electrophoretic mobilities. This work describes the use of a 2‐D nonlinear, numerical simulation to examine the impact of voltage loss from the electrodes to the separation channel, termed voltage degradation, and distortions in the electric field on the performance of DFGF. One of the design parameters that has a large impact on the degree of voltage degradation is the placement of the electrodes in relation to the separation channel. The simulation shows that a distance of about 3 mm from the electrodes to the separation channel gives the electric field profile with least amount of voltage degradation. The simulation was also used to describe the elution of focused protein peaks. The simulation shows that elution under constant electric field gradient gives better performance than elution through shallowing of the electric field. Qualitative agreement between the numerical simulation and experimental results is shown. The simulation also illustrates that the presence of a defocusing region at the cathodic end of the separation channel causes peak dispersion during elution. The numerical model is then used to design a system that does not suffer from a defocusing region. Peaks eluted under this design experienced no band broadening in our simulations. Preliminary experimental results using the redesigned chamber are shown.
Numerical modeling of Joule heating‐induced temperature gradient focusing in microfluidic channels
Authors: Tang Gongyue , Yang Chun
Published: February 2008

Temperature gradient focusing (TGF) is a recently developed technique for spatially focusing and separating ionic analytes in microchannels. The temperature gradient required for TGF can be generated either by an imposed temperature gradient or by Joule heating resulting from an applied electric field that also drives the flow. In this study, a comprehensive numerical model describing the Joule heating induced temperature development and TGF is developed. The model consists of a set of governing equations including the Poisson–Boltzmann equation, the Laplace equation, the Navier–Stokes equations, the energy equations and the mass transport equation. As the thermophysical and electrical properties including the liquid dielectric constant, viscosity, and electric conductivity are temperature‐dependent, these governing equations are coupled, and therefore the coupled governing equations are solved numerically by using a CFD‐based numerical method. The numerical simulations agree well with the experimental results, suggesting the valid mathematical model presented in this study.
Evaluative thinking and action in the classroom
Authors: Nelson Meta , Eddy Rebecca M.
Published: February 2008

This case study of one middle school focuses on improving teachers' skills in datadriven decision making through analysis of student work and their own professional practice. The expectation that schools will make adequate yearly progress has pushed evaluation practice down to the teacher level, where teachers are asked to analyze and disaggregate standardized test scores to facilitate instructional decision making that will lead to increased student achievement. The authors analyze this change in relation to No Child Left Behind and to the literature on evaluation capacity building within schools. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.