bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction to symposium on Nigel Biggar, “What’s Wrong with Rights?”
Authors: Lee Austin Victor
Published: October 2021

In What’s Wrong with Rights?, Nigel Biggar, regius professor of moral and pastoral theology at Oxford, investigates the skepticism that has been raised concerning human rights, providing both retrospective analytical clarification and prospective provocative application. Throughout, his argumentation is measured and calm without holding back from exacting conclusions.
Critiquing the Canadian Model of Client-Centered Enablement (CMCE) for Indigenous Contexts
Authors: Hunter Carly , Pride Tara
Published: October 2021

Background. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada outlines the need for health care professionals to create more welcoming spaces for Indigenous Peoples. The scope of occupational therapy is continually expanding—yet the profession itself is grounded in and derived from a dominant Eurocentric worldview, and practice is designed to serve a homogenous Western populace. Purpose. To critically examine the Canadian Model of Client-Centered Enablement (CMCE) for its value within Indigenous contexts. Key Issues. The CMCE is positioned as a client-centered model, however there is a clear hierarchical client-professional relationship threaded throughout. Concepts such as enable, advocate, educate, coach, and coordinate demonstrate paternalistic authority, lacking reciprocity, knowledge-sharing, and power redistribution. Implications. Reimagining health care relationships as entrenched in social interconnectedness demands critical reflection and action. A model of practice that endorses social change and actively addresses colonial power inequities must root its paradigmatic foundations in postcolonial views of health care as a social relationship.
Social class, intensive parenting norms and parental values for children
Authors: Lee Trevor Tsz-lok
Published: October 2021

As the global trend towards both middle- and working-class families raising their children intensively increases, social class differences in parenting beliefs and choices for their children have become more subtle. In light of the proliferation of intensive parenting norms, however, few studies have explored particular mechanisms underlying the subtle class differences linked to parental values. Drawing on in-depth interviews of 51 Hong Kong Chinese parents, this study investigated how parents contended with competing values in socialization, which in turn shaped their parenting choices. Three common values emerged from the interviews – academic excellence, hard work and happiness – showing that the middle and working classes managed their values for children in two different ways, termed here as ‘values coupling’ and ‘values juggling’, respectively. Middle-class parents were able to make their value choices cohesive through a ‘twist’ to reconcile between competing values. However, working-class parents were inclined to ‘drift’ their value choices in the face of unreconciled value tensions as well as structural constraints. Subtle differences in parental values were found to be tied to class position, and contributed to maintaining class inequality and social reproduction.
Gaining Faith, Losing Faith: How Education Shapes the Relationship between Religious Transitions and Later Depression
Authors: Upenieks Laura , Thomas Patricia A.
Published: October 2021

Using the life course perspective, we assess the “resources” and “risks” to mental health associated with transitions in religious attendance between early life and midlife and how this process may be influenced by education. Drawing on over 35 years of prospective panel data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth, baseline models suggest that stable, frequent attendance accumulated between adolescence to midlife and increases to frequent attendance by adulthood are associated with the lowest depression relative to consistent nonattenders. Individuals who declined in their religious participation report higher depression. Education conditioned this association, whereby declines in religious participation negatively impacted the health of those without a college degree more strongly and increases benefitted the well-educated to a greater extent. We combine insights from the life course perspective and work on social stratification and religiosity to interpret our results and offer directives for future research.
In These Last Days: The Extraordinary Uniqueness of Our Time
Authors: Stoney Samuel David
Published: October 2021

The present era is a particularly unique time in the history of the human species: The next glacial phase of the earth’s climate cycle should be beginning, but instead a manmade crisis of global warming is intensifying, a global viral pandemic is underway, and an archetype of awakening and wholeness is activating. Here, I focus on the origin and meaning of this archetype, as well as on my own experience with it. I conclude that it was created during the birthing process of the human species, which took place during the ongoing 2- to 3-million-year-old cycling of the earth’s climate. This traumatic birthing left an archetypal trace that was always forgotten yet is ever remembered in the collective unconscious. Now, this archetype is activating, creating a powerful alteration in consciousness similar to a peak experience, but which is often mistaken for a call to prophecy. The mounting anxiety that accompanies this, together with converging crises that threaten survival needs, makes individual and collective progress toward greater wholeness and psychological maturity difficult in these last days.
Toward a Healthy Racial Climate: Systemically Centering the Well-being of Teacher Candidates of Color
Authors: Kohli Rita , Dover Alison G. , Jayakumar Uma Mazyck , Lee Darlene , Henning Nick , Comeaux Eddie , Nevárez Arturo , Hipolito Emma , Carreno Cortez Andrea , Vizcarra Margarita
Published: October 2021

For decades, research has shown the pervasive racism of teacher education and its harmful impact on teacher candidates of Color. In this conceptual article, we argue that teacher education programs must interrogate how racism is embedded structurally through policies and practices that guide the various facets of the institution. We build from higher education scholarship on racial climate and “health” and teacher education research on race and racism to explore how multiple dimensions of a teacher education program (historical, organizational, compositional, behavioral, and psychological) accumulate and shape the experiences and well-being of teacher candidates of Color. We offer a model to assist teacher education scholars, administrators, and practitioners to reflect upon their current structures as they strive for a healthy racial climate responsive to the experiences and needs of a diverse teaching force.
Europe's disintegrative moment: Transportation and borders in Silesia during the Paris Peace Conference of 1919
Authors: Park Andrew Thomas
Published: October 2021

In 1919 the Paris Peace Conference met to remake the world following the First World War. Among the most serious problems faced was the collapse of the multinational empires which once dominated central and eastern Europe, and the emergence of new successor states with unrecognised and overlapping borders. This fragmentation produced chaotic economic conditions as borders were frequently closed without warning, and the passage of goods and people consequently halted, delayed, or diverted. The peacemakers in Paris dispatched allied commissions in an attempt to resolve these problems. Using the files of several bodies sent to former Habsburg Silesia, this article elaborates on what this disintegrative moment meant for the region and its people. The turbulent events were not easily forgotten, and fostered visions of revenge, as well as European unity. One hundred years on and they still remain as an important historical reference point.
“I Didn't Know What Anti-Blackness Was Until I Got Here”: The Unmet Needs of Black Students at Hispanic-Serving Institutions
Authors: Pirtle Whitney N. , Brock Breanna , Aldonza Nonzenzele , Leke Kaline , Edge Dallas
Published: October 2021

Amidst institutional reckonings with anti-blackness, minority-serving institutions (MSIs) are thought to be an intervention. But, how do Black students perceive being served at Hispanic-serving institutions (HSIs)? Analyzing focus groups ( n= 33), we find Black students perceived anti-blackness at an HSI from: overrepresentation of white personnel in power; lack of culturally attuned and financial support; racially hostile climate; and little solidarity from non-Black Latinx and other peers. We show that HSIs contend with anti-Black institutional embeddedness, too, and argue that the goals of HSIs to serve racially minoritized students will not be achieved unless they address institutional, organizational, and interpersonal anti-Blackness.
COVID-19 and Juvenile Probation: A Qualitative Examination of Emergent Challenges and Useful Strategies
Authors: Lockwood Ashley , Viglione Jill , Peck Jennifer H.
Published: October 2021

The emergence of COVID-19 placed immediate pressure on the juvenile justice system to adapt to changes in case processing and decision-making practices. Juvenile probation agencies were tasked with quickly altering their policies and practice to abide by local public health measures. As probation supervision is the most common disposition in the juvenile justice system, there is both an empirical and practical need to understand the impact that COVID-19 has on a variety of issues surrounding the supervision and provision of services for juveniles. Using self-report survey data from juvenile probation directors across the United States, the current study examines (a) the biggest challenges faced by juvenile probation agencies during the pandemic, (b) the strategies implemented in response to these challenges, and (c) the most pressing issues currently facing the field of juvenile community corrections. Results have the potential to inform future agency decision-making when adjusting juvenile probation policy and practice.
Strikes and lockouts: The need to separate labour conflicts
Authors: Hamark Jesper
Published: October 2021

Quantitative research on labour conflicts has offered innumerous insights into the workings of labour markets. With few exceptions this research is about conflicts, that is, strikes plus lockouts. The current situation is the result of practical difficulties separating strikes and lockouts, unwillingness by statistical bureaus to make the distinction, and the recommendation by leading scholars to refrain from distinguishing between the two types of conflicts. This article demonstrates that strikes and lockouts are not only theoretically distinct, their empirical manifestations differ. Employers and employees struggle over influence and division of income. Occasionally the two parties use, or threaten to use, their respective tools: the lockout and the strike. As long as the scientific community treats employers and employees as separate categories, we should also do the same with lockouts and strikes.
Genesis and pore evolution of dolomite reservoir in the Majiagou Formation, Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Wang Baobao , Tan Xiucheng , Su Wenjie , Yan Wei , Xiao Di , Guo Mushi , Zhong Shoukang , Xu Yuqing , Yang Mengying
Published: October 2021

In gypsum–carbonate rock assemblages, multistage and complex fluids control the formation of dolomite reservoirs that are a focus of hydrocarbon exploration. It is difficult to determine the types of dolomite reservoirs and their formation mechanisms due to the diverse rock assemblages and multiple stages of diagenesis. In this study, we investigated the petrology, reservoir physical properties, and geochemistry of the 6th sub-member of member five of the Majiagou Formation (i.e. Ma56) in the Ordos Basin, China. These data were used to determine the nature and types of gypsum–carbonate rocks, and constrain their reservoir characteristics and diagenetic history, and fluid-related mechanisms that led to dolomite reservoir development and preservation. The Ma56 was deposited on a restricted evaporatic platform in the North China Craton, and contains three main types of dolomite reservoirs with variable types of reservoir space. Dolomite reservoir formation was closely related to penecontemporaneous dolomitization, karstification, and differential cementation. Early large-scale dolomitization produced dolomitized carbonate sediments that were resistant to compaction and dissolution, which was conducive to the preservation of primary and secondary pores. The intermittent exposure and dissolution of mound–shoal facies sediments, due to high-frequency sea-level fluctuations, was the dominant mechanism for formation of secondary dissolved pores and high-quality reservoirs. During burial, differential cementation occurred due to interaction between fluids and pore size, which determined the extent of reservoir preservation. In general, the studied dolomite reservoirs have undergone multistage diagenesis and alteration, which led to complex and multistage development of the reservoir porosity. However, the reservoir lithology and pore space developed mostly in the depositional to penecontemporaneous stages. Our results provide new insights into the origins of deeply buried dolomite reservoirs in carbonate–evaporite successions.
Empty Nose Syndrome Pathophysiology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kanjanawasee Dichapong , Campbell Raewyn G. , Rimmer Janet , Alvarado Raquel , Kanjanaumporn Jesada , Snidvongs Kornkiat , Kalish Larry , Harvey Richard J. , Sacks Raymond
Published: October 2021

Objective

The pathophysiology of empty nose syndrome (ENS) remains unclear despite significant research. The pathophysiologic mechanism of ENS was systematically reviewed.

Data Sources

MEDLINE and Embase.

Review Methods

Data were systematically reviewed for studies that provided original data on pathophysiology.

Results

A total of 2476 studies were screened, and 19 met the inclusion criteria: 13 case‐control and 6 cross‐sectional. Nine pathophysiologic themes were identified.

• Demographics: ENS symptoms had no relationship with climatic factors.

• Symptomatology: ENS patients demonstrated high symptom severity.

• Mental health: Anxiety and depression including hyperventilation were reported in >50% of ENS patients and correlated with ENS symptom severity.

• Anatomic features: Structural changes in response to turbinate surgery were similar between ENS and non‐ENS patients.

• Airflow analysis: Airflow parameters were similar between ENS and non‐ENS patients after turbinate surgery. On computational fluid dynamic analysis, differences were found on multiple outcomes.

• Diagnostic testing: The menthol detection test was impaired in ENS, and cotton placement in the airway improved ENS symptoms.

• Cognitive function: Functional magnetic resonance imaging showed activation in emotional processing area during breathing.

• Olfactory function: Subjective impairment was reported in ENS, but quantitative measures were similar to non‐ENS patients.

• Mucosal physiology/innate immunity: Turbinate histopathology in ENS showed a tissue‐remodeling pattern. Nasal nitric oxide level was lower in ENS patients.

Conclusion

There is evidence of high comorbid mental health disorders in ENS patients. An abnormal trigeminal‐thermoreceptor response may be present in some patients. The influence of altered airflow and the evidence of surgery as the cause for ENS are unclear.
“We” are in This Pandemic, but “You” can get Through This: The Effects of Pronouns on Likelihood to Stay-at-Home During COVID-19
Authors: Tu Ke C. , Chen Shirley S. , Mesler Rhiannon M.
Published: October 2021

We examine how first-person plural and second-person singular pronouns used in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) communications impact people's likelihood to follow stay-at-home recommendations. A 2 (first-person plural [“we”] vs. second-person singular [“you”]) by continuous trait self-control between-subjects experiment ( N = 223) was used to examine individuals’ adherence to stay-at-home recommendations. Results suggest that “you”-based appeals may be more broadly effective in garnering stay-at-home adherence, whereas low self-control individuals are less responsive to “we” appeals. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Exploring the Elements Influencing the Behavioral Adoption of E-Commerce by Chinese Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
Authors: Mensah Isaac Kofi , Wang Rui , Gui Lin , Wang Jinxuan
Published: October 2021

This study investigated the behavioral adoption of electronic commerce (EC) among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in China. This was undertaken by integrating the Technological, Organizational, and Environmental (TOE) framework into the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The data generated from 349 SMEs were analyzed with SPSS and SmartPLs 3.0 via the utilization of the structural equation modeling (SEM) procedure. The results reveal that while the environmental factor was a positive predictor of the performance expectancy of EC among SMEs, it does not, however, encourage the adoption of EC. Again, while the knowledge factor was not significant in driving the performance expectancy of EC, it was a significant determinant of the adoption of EC among SMEs. Also, the study found that organizational factor was a positive predictor of both performance expectancy and the adoption of EC by SMEs. The technological factor was not a significant predictor of the intention to use EC but was significant in determining the performance expectancy of EC. Finally, the study demonstrated that the performance expectancy of EC was a significant predictor of the behavioral adoption of EC. The managerial and research implications of these findings are deliberated.
Designing an innovative unified contextual architecture for improving information retrieval service in healthcare organizations
Authors: Miranda Alvet , Miah Shah Jahan
Published: October 2021

Designing effective methods of retrieving evidence-based clinical information for healthcare professionals’ decision making have always been challenging tasks for researchers in this field. Relevant existing studies have indicated significant limitations of implementing context-sensitive information retrieval services in healthcare organizations, but attempts are yet at their emergent stage for designing research-based solutions. In this paper, we design a new information retrieval architecture as a solution artifact useful in healthcare organizations for improving their information retrieval practices. Under the design science research paradigm, we outline a combined methodology that comprises design science research, design thinking and systems thinking for operating an iterative guiding process for developing and evaluating the new information retrieval approach. A total of 13 requirements that are linked to user-oriented theory of information need and fitness-utility model are captured. The new architecture is evaluated for its usefulness and fitness-utility using multi-case in-depth interviews that satisfy formalizing prescriptive knowledge on information retrieval.
Post-truth, fake news and the liberal ‘regime of truth’ – The double movement between Lippmann and Hayek
Authors: Harjuniemi Timo
Published: October 2021

Since the 2016 United States presidential election and the Brexit vote, media scholarship has lamented the state of democratic public communication. Scholars have used the concepts ‘post-truth’ and ‘fake news’ to describe the cocktail of disinformation and devaluation of facts. This article illustrates how ruptures in democratic public communication stem from the contradictions characterising liberalism and its ‘regime of truth’. Liberalism has oscillated between efforts to discipline the media market with such techniques as professional journalism and, on the other hand, the attempt to enhance the position of the market mechanism as a superior knowledge processor. The article builds on the thinking of Walter Lippmann and Friedrich Hayek, two influential liberal thinkers with differing ideas on the role of experts in society. Moreover, Karl Polanyi's concept of ‘double movement’ is used to argue that the problems regarding public communication are systemic features of liberal media logics.
The media welfare state: A citizen perspective
Authors: Lindell Johan , Jakobsson Peter , Stiernstedt Fredrik
Published: October 2021

During the last decades the Nordic media model has been challenged by neoliberal policy and welfare retrenchment. This study asks about the extent to which the values, functions and institutions of the “media welfare state” are supported by the adult Swedish citizenry, despite political mobilization against it. Drawing on a national survey ( n = 2003) this study shows that the media welfare state is generally well-supported by the population. Using exploratory statistical analysis, we identify a media welfare state of mind. While widespread in the population, this attitudinal constellation is more common in older segments of the population, in the working-class, and by those who frequently use and trust public service media. The main conclusion is that support for the media welfare state primarily can be explained by political attitudes, where left-leaning and GAL-oriented individuals are more positive than people holding right-wing and TAN-attitudes.
A narrative synthesis of research with 5-MeO-DMT
Authors: Ermakova Anna O , Dunbar Fiona , Rucker James , Johnson Matthew W
Published: October 2021

Background:

5-Methoxy- N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a naturally occurring, short-acting psychedelic tryptamine, produced by a variety of plant and animal species. Plants containing 5-MeO-DMT have been used throughout history for ritual and spiritual purposes. The aim of this article is to review the available literature about 5-MeO-DMT and inform subsequent clinical development.

Methods:

We searched PubMed database for articles about 5-MeO-DMT. Search results were cross-checked against earlier reviews and reference lists were hand searched. Findings were synthesised using a narrative synthesis approach. This review covers the pharmacology, chemistry and metabolism of 5-MeO-DMT, as well epidemiological studies, and reported adverse and beneficial effects.

Results:

5-MeO-DMT is serotonergic agonist, with highest affinity for 5-HT1A receptors. It was studied in a variety of animal models, but clinical studies with humans are lacking. Epidemiological studies indicate that, like other psychedelics, 5-MeO-DMT induces profound alterations in consciousness (including mystical experiences), with potential beneficial long-term effects on mental health and well-being.

Conclusion:

5-MeO-DMT is a potentially useful addition to the psychedelic pharmacopoeia because of its short duration of action, relative lack of visual effects and putatively higher rates of ego-dissolution and mystical experiences. We conclude that further clinical exploration is warranted, using similar precautions as with other classic psychedelics.
Estimating Treatment-Switching Bias in a Randomized Clinical Trial of Ovarian Cancer Treatment: Combining Causal Inference with Decision-Analytic Modeling
Authors: Kuehne Felicitas , Rochau Ursula , Paracha Noman , Yeh Jennifer M. , Sabate Eduardo , Siebert Uwe
Published: October 2021

Background

Bevacizumab is efficacious in delaying ovarian cancer progression and controlling ascites. The ICON7 trial showed a significant benefit in overall survival for bevacizumab, whereas the GOG-218 trial did not. GOG-218 allowed control group patients to switch to bevacizumab upon progression, which may have biased the results. Lack of data on switching behavior prevented the application of g-methods to adjust for switching. The objective of this study was to apply decision-analytic modeling to estimate the impact of switching bias on causal treatment-effect estimates.

Methods

We developed a causal decision-analytic Markov model (CDAMM) to emulate the GOG-218 trial and estimate overall survival. CDAMM input parameters were based on data from randomized clinical trials and the published literature. Overall switching proportion was based on GOG-218 trial information, whereas the proportion switching with and without ascites was estimated using calibration. We estimated the counterfactual treatment effect that would have been observed had no switching occurred by denying switching in the CDAMM.

Results

The survival curves generated by the CDAMM matched well with the ones reported in the GOG-218 trial. The survival curve correcting for switching showed an estimated bias such that 79% of the true treatment effect could not be observed in the GOG-218 trial. Results were most sensitive to changes in the proportion progressing with severe ascites and mortality.

Limitations

We used a simplified model structure and based model parameters on published data and assumptions. Robustness of the CDAMM was tested and model assumptions transparently reported.

Conclusions

Medical-decision science methods may be merged with empirical methods of causal inference to integrate data from other sources where empirical data are not sufficient. We recommend collecting sufficient information on switching behavior when switching cannot be avoided.
Expression of 34βE12 may be an independent predictor of survival in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Chuchu , Wei Jiangguo , Huang Liming , Xu Chaoyang
Published: October 2021

Objectives

To investigate the relationship between high-molecular-weight cytokeratin (34βE12) and clinicopathological parameters (including HER-2, Ki67 and steroid receptors) in breast cancer to determine its usefulness as a prognostic marker.

Methods

In this retrospective study, the expression level 34βE12 was assessed in surgically resected breast cancer specimens by immunohistochemical staining. Data were correlated with the patients’ clinicopathological parameters.

Results

Of the 348 breast cancer tissue samples, 232 (67%) showed positive expression of 34βE12. There were statistically significant differences between the positive and negative 34βE12 expression groups in tumour size, lymph node involvement, oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status. There were no differences between groups in age, tumour grade, or Ki67 status. In addition, patients who were positive for 34βE12 had significantly extended overall survival. In multivariate analysis, the expression level of 34βE12 was found to be a significant independent prognostic factor.

Conclusion

These results suggest that positive 34βE12 expression is associated with a favourable outcome in breast cancer and so may be a useful prognostic factor. Further studies are required to confirm these results.
Design and optimization of permanent magnet synchronous generator dedicated to direct-drive, high power wind turbine
Authors: Abdeljalil Dorra , Chaieb Mohamed , Benhadj Naourez , Krichen Manel , Neji Rafik
Published: October 2021

This paper presents analysis, design, and optimization of a high-power permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). This generator is introduced in a large-scale wind turbine which can be used in a big wind farm. This generator is used in gearless configuration. The work focuses on the geometric sizing and the finite element analysis (FEA) of the PMSG. FEA is a good choice for analyzing problems over complicated domains. The flux, the electromotive force, the cogging torque, and the torque are calculated using analytical equations. Then, these parameters are obtained using finite element method (FEM) in the software FEMM and the compared with analytical results in order to validate our study. The second part presents the formulation of the optimization problem, including the optimization space, constraints, and objectives. The genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted in this design optimization in order to minimize the generator cost.
Fault diagnosis of wind turbine generator bearings using fast spectral correlation
Authors: Ding Xian , Xu Jin , Wang Jiuhua , Zheng Junjie
Published: October 2021

Bearings are the critical parts that support the rotating of rotor of wind turbine generators. Due to high speed revolution and affected by potential misalignment between rotor and the high speed shaft in wind turbine gearbox, the fault ratio in wind turbine generator bearings is high. Once the bearings fail, it will cause gap eccentricity, even rub, or sweeping chamber between rotor and stator. Under fault conditions, the vibration signals from rotating machinery exhibits distinct second cyclostationarity. In the light of this, the fast spectral correlation based method is applied to the fault extraction of bearings in wind turbine generators. Through converting conventional correlation into summation algorithm, the computational cost is reduced largely, meanwhile, the diagnosis accuracy is guaranteed. The effectiveness of the method in this paper is verified by two fault cases from on-site wind turbines.
Migration Experiences, Learning and Identity (Re)construction: An Analysis of the Autobiographical Story of Neža Gerkšič, a.k.a. Agnes Lacroix
Authors: Kožar Rosulnik Klara
Published: October 2021

Migration is an important life transition that creates opportunities for both learning and the (re)construction of identity. In this article, we discuss the migration experiences of great aunt Neža Gerkšič, a.k.a. Agnes Lacroix, as a field of learning being interpreted through the theory of biographical learning. Biographical learning is treated as a process occurring in everyday life and the (re)construction of identity, knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values. The study, following the phenomenological paradigm of qualitative research, was developed on the basis of an autobiographical record that includes the entire course of Neža's life and all her migrations. By analyzing the autobiographical record, we show how, in the first half of the twentieth century, this active subject of migration acquired knowledge and (re)constructed her identity through various strategies.
Return to Sports After Total Hip Arthroplasty: An Umbrella Review for Consensus Guidelines
Authors: Sowers Christopher B. , Carrero Alberto C. , Cyrus John W. , Ross Jeremy A. , Golladay Gregory J. , Patel Nirav K.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Current recommendations on safe return to sports (RTS) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) are subjective and based on studies of varying quality.

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to synthesize systematic reviews and meta-analyses on post-THA RTS to propose practice guidelines identifying which sports can be resumed, when they can be resumed, and what risks are present.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

This umbrella review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) protocol and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The Embase, Medline, and Cochrane databases were searched. Included studies were either systematic reviews or meta-analyses addressing primary or secondary outcomes. Outcomes of interest included safe sports after THA, time to RTS, prognostic indicators of RTS, reasons patients do not RTS, percentage of patients who RTS, implant complications, and objective classification of sports by impact level. Included reviews had data extracted and were assessed for methodological quality using the JBI protocol. The authors defined RTS as “returning to a sport the patient participated in at any point preoperatively.”

Results:

Patients demonstrated a trend toward lower-impact sports postoperatively. Sports were classified as low (eg, walking), moderate (eg, downhill skiing), or high impact (eg, soccer). A total of 82% (range, 55%-104%) of patients were able to RTS at a mean time of 6 months (range, 4-7 months). The best prognostic indicator for RTS was previous experience in that sport. The main reason patients did not RTS was surgeon recommendation. Aseptic loosening was the most cited complication after RTS.

Conclusion:

Most patients are able to return to preoperative levels of low- (eg, walking) and moderate-impact (eg, hiking) sports between 7 and 12 months after THA. Patients planning a return to high-impact (eg, singles tennis) sports should be counseled on the possible risks of traumatic injuries and aseptic loosening and monitored closely.
Recycling of composite waste by sequential application of multi-criteria decision-making, pyrolysis, and reproduction
Authors: Koçak Gökhan , Yapıcı Ece , Özkan Aysun , Günkaya Zerrin , Banar Müfide
Published: October 2021

This paper summarizes our work aimed at applying different methods sequentially in the evaluation of GFRP (glass fiber reinforced polyester) waste, which is a composite waste according to circular economy assumptions. For this aim, the management alternatives that are defined as mechanical recycling, chemical recycling, pyrolysis, and incineration methods are compared using the ANP (Analytic Network Process) and the VIKOR (Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) methods. To show the applicability of the pyrolysis, which was determined as the most appropriate method, experiments were carried out at different temperatures. After the general characterization of the products was conducted, the solid product was used to reproduce GFRP. After a tensile strength test of the GFRP, which was produced using fibers obtained from pyrolysis at 500°C, it was found that it had approximately 43.15% more tensile strength than polyester cast without fiber. Following a further oxidation step, the tensile strength increased by 61.50%. The liquid products have the potential to be used as fuel oil, and the gas product is sufficient to provide the energy requirements of a process plant. Pyrolysis proved to be a profoundly feasible method for not only recovering glass fiber, but also energy from GFRP waste.
Stabilization of mechanically biologically treated waste in anaerobic, aerobic and semi-aerobic bioreactors
Authors: Sughosh Pundarika , Lakshmikanthan Periyaswami , Babu G L Sivakumar
Published: October 2021

The study aims to investigate the application of anaerobic (AN), aerobic (AER) and semi-aerobic (SA) laboratory scale landfill bioreactors for stabilization of mechanically and biologically treated (MBT) waste of Bangalore city. All major parameters pertaining to the waste, leachate and biogas are continuously monitored during the experiment. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mass balance are carried out to understand the recovery/removal of C and N from the system. The biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and nitrogen removal efficiency of the bioreactors are in the range of 83%–87%, 81%–87% and 96%–99%, respectively. Total settlement observed in the AN, AER and SA bioreactors is 15.25%, 23.92% and 10.80%, respectively. The performance of the three bioreactors are compared, and their suitability in treating the MBT waste from Bangalore city is discussed. The study shows that the AER bioreactor landfills can be used for remediating the existing municipal solid waste dumpsites in Bangalore city.
Geotechnical and geophysical characterisations of construction waste-infilled quarry for housing and commercial developments: Case study of Tehran, Iran
Authors: Eslami Abolfazl , Nabizadeh Ali , Akbarzadeh Kasani Hossein
Published: October 2021

The fast population growth in the metropolitan areas of the province of Tehran has led to the scarcity of land and inevitable expansion of urban construction to non-engineered fills and construction/demolition waste disposal sites. An abandoned aggregate quarry, infilled with construction wastes over 16 years, has been recently selected for a new development project consisting of several multi-storey commercial and residential complexes (up to 7 storeys). This study was aimed at delineation of the waste materials, geophysical and field and laboratory geotechnical characterisations prior to foundation design, and the design of the excavation programme. Geo-electric resistivity test was used to delineate the waste materials from natural ground materials. Surface and downhole P- and S-wave velocity measurements were used for the estimation of dynamic elastic properties of the wastes. In total, 12 boreholes (15–30 m deep) along with 10 test pits (4–8.5 m deep) provided the opportunity for visual observations of the waste materials, necessary sampling for compositional analyses, laboratory shear strength tests and determination of waste deposit thickness in different regions of the site. Manual standard penetration test (SPT) was also used to evaluate in situ stiffness of the fine materials of the waste. Six field plate load tests were performed on the waste materials at their natural water content conditions and at saturated (flooded) ground conditions to determine their compressibility and the ground reaction modulus. Based on the results from extensive characterisation programme, it was concluded that the waste materials are in a metastable state and exhibit heterogeneity across the site. The findings of current case study can provide new insight into construction/demolition waste behaviour, using available geophysical and geotechnical tools and testing procedures for characterisation, and eventually helping in reliable design of foundations for new development projects.
Interconnectedness of Adult Basic Education, Community-Based Participatory Research, and Transformative Learning
Authors: Kastner Monika , Motschilnig Ricarda
Published: October 2021

This article argues for the beneficial interconnectedness of adult basic education as an educational practice, community-based participatory research as a methodological approach, and the framework of transformative learning, for exploring and theorizing about adult learning and education. It is elaborated that these three approaches are connected by shared core values that counter the dominant economistic discourse on adult basic education. A community-based participatory research project, comprising researchers with an adult basic education learners’ background, adult basic education practitioners, and the two authors as university-based researchers, serves as a local empirical example. Selected data from the research process illustrate how these three approaches complement each other and can show their inherent potential. Together, these three approaches establish a democratic space of learning and thus act as a resource of hope for education and research aimed at (self-) empowerment, emancipation, participation, and collective action toward humanization, democratization, and social justice.
Developing Emotional and Social Competencies in Children: Evaluating the Impact of a Classroom-Based Program
Authors: Storey-Hurtubise Emily , Forristal Jen , Henning Colin , Parker James D. A.
Published: October 2021

The relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and numerous positive outcomes has sparked considerable interest from educators and researchers in training and promoting various emotional and social competencies in youth. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a new school-based program for elementary school students designed to develop various EI-related competencies in children—the “Umbrella Project.” Five hundred and twenty-nine students (44% boys) who attended six schools in the Waterloo, Ontario area, completed a self-report measure of EI before and after participating in the unique training program. Total EI and a majority of EI subscales showed significant improvement from pretest to post test. Girls also showed higher total EI and interpersonal scores regardless of assessment session. The results are very encouraging and suggest regular classroom-based resources and curriculum activities can foster the development of a cross-section of emotional and social competencies.
The coal trade surplus and merchant seafarers in British-Norwegian relations during the First World War
Authors: Koren Elisabeth S.
Published: October 2021

During the First World War, more than 800 Norwegian ships were sunk by hostile action, with a loss of about 2,100 seafarers. The Norwegian merchant fleet was extremely important for Norway's economy and for securing the import of vital goods. In addition, Britain and her allies needed goods carried in Norwegian merchant ships, such as coal shipped across the Channel to France. This article examines the relationship between Britain and Norway during the war, concentrating on the roles of two important resources, coal and maritime labour. The first part of the article outlines the wartime Anglo-Norwegian relationship. Negotiations around the so-called ‘coal trade surplus’, and how the surplus was allocated, are analysed in the second section. The coal trade surplus derived from British coal exports to Norway and was transferred from the British to the Norwegian Government in 1919. The British Ministry of Shipping, in recognition of the efforts of Norwegian seafarers, demanded that part of the surplus should be allocated to their well-being and to a memorial for the Norwegian merchant seafarers who had perished during the war.
‘A sufficient and adequate squadron’: The navy, the transatlantic slave trade, and the American commercial empire
Authors: Earle Thomas Blake
Published: October 2021

From its creation, the Africa Squadron, although tasked with suppressing the slave trade, did more to defend American sovereignty and expand American commercial access along the west coast of Africa. In both of these regards, Great Britain and the British Navy were the most prominent obstacles in the way of the United States achieving its goals. These tasks were among the most important imperatives that drove American foreign relations during the antebellum era. Thus the Africa Squadron is best understood as a case study of the vital role the navy played in not just conducting but also shaping American diplomacy. This article examines the circumstances surrounding the creation of the Africa Squadron, concluding that the flotilla was less concerned with actually ending the transatlantic trade in humans than with serving as a check on British power at sea.
‘Our insulted coasts’: London newspapers and the invasion scare of 1781
Authors: Page Anthony
Published: October 2021

At the end of August 1781, the combined fleets of France and Spain appeared in the mouth of the English Channel. Stormy weather and sickness soon forced them to retire to their home ports of Brest and Cadiz, and so this brief invasion threat attracts little more than passing reference in most studies of eighteenth-century Britain. This article examines the reporting of this crisis in London newspapers, which provides evidence of public interest in the navy and anxiety about the security of Britain.
Indigenous Women’s Experiences of Smoking and Quitting Smoking in Pregnancy: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Small Sandra P. , Porr Caroline
Published: October 2021

Background

Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) is an important public health concern because of potential adverse health effects to the woman, fetus, and child after birth. Prevalence rates are high among groups with socioeconomic disadvantage, including Indigenous women.

Purpose

This study was conducted to understand experiences of MSDP for Indigenous women.

Methods

The study was conducted using phenomenology. Data were collected through interviews with 15 pregnant and postnatal Indigenous women who had smoked during pregnancy. The data were analyzed for themes using phenomenological methods.

Results

The women's narratives revealed four experiences: quitting smoking during pregnancy to protect the unborn baby from harm; quitting smoking during pregnancy because of personal adverse health effects; cutting down smoking during pregnancy and feeling remorse for not quitting; and keeping on smoking during pregnancy and not planning to try to quit. The women's experiences also indicated several impediments to quitting smoking.

Conclusions

There is need for health care policy to ensure adequate smoking cessation services and support for Indigenous women who smoke in pregnancy. Health care professionals should provide individualized interventions that take into account the challenges to quitting that pregnant women experience and that are in accordance with clinical practice guidelines for MSDP.
School Readiness of Children Exposed to Family and Domestic Violence
Authors: Orr Carol , O’Donnell Melissa , Fisher Colleen , Bell Megan , Glauert Rebecca , Preen David
Published: October 2021

Children have a universal right to live free from exposure to family and domestic violence (FDV). Children exposed to FDV can experience long-term effects on their physical and psychological health and their social competencies including social, emotional, and cognitive skills and behaviours that underpin successful social adaptation and academic achievement. The aim of this study was to investigate if children exposed to FDV were more likely to be vulnerable on school readiness measures compared to those children who were not exposed. Our cohort study used de-identified individual-level administrative data of children born during 2002–2010, in Western Australia, who were identified in police and hospital records as being exposed to FDV during 2002–2015. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of vulnerability in Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) outcomes of children exposed to FDV compared to a non-exposed cohort. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, children exposed to FDV had higher odds than non-exposed children of being vulnerable in all five AEDC domains: physical health and wellbeing, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive skills (school-based) and communication skills and general knowledge. Exposed children have an increased likelihood of vulnerability in all five AEDC domains: physical health and wellbeing, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive skills (school-based) and communication skills and general knowledge. Comprehensive multiagency early intervention for children exposed to FDV is required to mitigate the impact on outcomes, and ultimately the need to prevent FDV is needed.
Extended Study of Full-Scale Wind Tunnel Test and Simulation Analysis Based on DrivAer Model
Authors: Huang Tao , Liu Jinsheng , He Xianzhong , Bu Han , Wang Qingyang , Xu Shengjin , Zhu Xijia
Published: October 2021

There is a great demand for car model series that can meet the needs of today’s research about vehicle aerodynamics due to the limitations of models used in the past. This paper focuses on the introduction of the extension of DrivAer model and discussions about the model’s experimental and simulation results. On the basis of DrivAer model, the upgrade and innovation of pickup styling back and concept of perception testing are added. Specifically, the SUV back and the Pickup back are redesigned in combination with Chinese aerodynamic design trend. The experiments were performed in a full-scale aero-acoustic wind tunnel with ground simulation system, consisting of boundary layer control system and five-belt system. Base on the wind tunnel experimental results, it can be found that the ground simulation has obviously influence on the drag coefficient, but has no influence on the distribution of surface pressure in upper body. The close state of the grilles, the absence of mirrors, and the fully enclosed of rims can significantly reduce the drag coefficient. Digital wind tunnel (DWT) simulation and open road (OR) simulation have been completed and verified with experimental results. It can be concluded that DWT simulation with the same geometry as the real wind tunnel performs better than the OR simulation. The maximum difference between the experimental results and the DWT simulation results does not exceed 2% and DWT simulation also performs well in the surface pressure simulation.