bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biochemical activities of selected strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Martinovic Aleksandra , Abrahamsen Roger , Obradovic Dragojlo
Published: September 2009

In this paper the results of the research on biochemical activities of selected strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria, isolated from indigenous fermented milk products of Serbia and Montenegro have been shown. The growth rate of the selected strains has been examined during 24 hrs period of time as well as carbon dioxide production ability, ability of production/degradation of specific sugars, organic acids and rate of production of volatile compounds that are significantly influencing the aroma of the final products. The analyses for determination of synthesis of sugars, organic acids and volatile compounds have been done by automatic direct headspace gas chromatography (HCGC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The examined strains have shown significant level of biochemical activities that can introduce them to the group of potential starter cultures for industrial production of different fermented milk products.
Evidences reveal that cattle and buffalo evolutionary derived from the same ancestor based on cytogenetic and molecular markers
Authors: Abdel-Rahman S.M.
Published: September 2009

Muscle-DNA from cattle and buffalo was extracted to amplify the mitochondrial DNA segment (cytochrome b gene) and the gene encoding species-specific repeat (SSR) region. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and SSR techniques were used to identify of species origin. Restriction analysis of PCR-RFLP of the mitochondrial cytochrome b segment and SSR analysis showed no differences between cattle and buffalo. Where, the fragment length (bp) generated by AluI PCR-RFLP were 190, 169 and PCR amplification size of the gene encoding SSR region was 603 bp in both cattle and buffalo. Consequently, finding from this study could be revealed that cattle and buffalo are evolutionary derived from the same ancestor.
Strategy of production of beef from farm to table and protection of consumers
Authors: Miscevic B. , Aleksic S. , Petrovic M.M. , Lazarevic R. , Josipovic S. , Radetic P. , Pantelic V. , Ostojic Dusica , Smiljakovic Tatjana
Published: September 2009

In the future value of cattle and products will be in direct relation to quality presented to consumers. Consumer demands differ depending on the culture, location and social conditions. However, since World is becoming "globally speaking" smaller consumer attitudes in regard to the definition of high quality meat is becoming uniform. In order to maintain and preserve the health of consumers huge amounts of money are spent on finding out new methods for detection and prevention of animal diseases and improvement of crop production. So, in the period 2002-2006 budget of 685 million EUR has been approved for research of the food quality and consumer safety. Average consumption of beef in EU is approx. 15 kg and is now recovering from drastic decrease because of BSE in the period 1996-2001. Total number of livestock is approx. 91-92 million heads, and production of beef is approx. 8,2 million tons. Directives in legislation relating to production of safe food date from 1960 were intensified in 1990 especially because of BSE incidence in 1994. It is considered that food will be safe if animals are healthy. Healthy doesn't relate only to their health condition but also to the natural methods of breeding of livestock. By maintaining good veterinary practice we aim to improve the general health condition of animals. Potential incidences of diseases are monitored carefully and isolated and spreading of such diseases prevented as much as possible. Projections in cattle production are made mainly as plans for twenty year period. There is a great pressure on producers relating to use of natural resources. Until 2002, it was anticipated that demand for livestock products would have been increased mainly because of increase in population. Problem occurs because increase of number of animals in rural regions and suburban city areas involves higher risk of spreading of disease. Also, there is the issue of adequate waste storage.
Body development of Simmental bull dams
Authors: Pantelic V. , Skalicki Z. , Petrovic M.M. , Aleksic S. , Miscevic B. , Ostojic Dusica
Published: September 2009

Body development and production capacity in dairy production are in relation. However, body development, i.e. exterior of cows doesn?t define its functionality which is manifested in production of milk. Therefore, the capacity of cow to produce milk can only be determined more precisely by direct measuring of the production. Visual evaluation of body development and way to recognize the characteristics of dairy cows are initial parameters of milk traits, partially also longevity, as well as reproductive traits of the head of cattle, which is important from many aspects of the economical efficiency in dairy production. Exterior measures taken when cows were selected to be included in herd of bull dams, and which are also subject of this research, are following: height of withers, carcass length, breast depth, breast girth, body weight. For all investigated traits basic variation-statistical parameters were calculated: arithmetic mean value, standard deviation, coefficients of variation, standard error, variation interval. Average values of exterior measures obtained in this research were following: height to withers 136.29 cm, carcass length 165.50 cm, breast depth 72.97 cm, breast girth 200.07 cm, body weight 686.27 kg. Based on presented data it can be concluded that traits of body development of Simmental bull dams are above the average values determined for controlled population, which further justifies our conclusion that bull dams are "top" heads of cattle of the main herd.
Milking capacity, composition and some properties of milk from Karakachanska, Srednostaroplaninska and Tetevenska sheep breeds
Authors: Genkovski D.
Published: September 2009

Study of the milking capacity, the composition and some properties of milk of sheep from Karakachanska breed, Srednostaroplaninsko and Tetevensko varieties was made. The results of this study showed that the milking capacity varied from 71.40 l in Tetevensko variety to 57.15 l Karakachanska breed. The average daily value of the milking capacity was the highest in the three groups at 1st control (in April) and it was in the limits from 0.720 l in Tetevensko variety to 0.560 l in Karakachanska breed. Tendency of the highest average daily milking capacity in all four controls in Tetevensko variety was observed. Regarding to the quality milk composition the differences between the groups were minimal. The highest percentage of casein - 4.25 had the milk from Tetevenski sheep and the best milking curdling capacity - 218 s. The milk from Karakachanska breed had the slowest curdling.
Efficiency of clinoptilolite in case of multiple alimentary contamination of the pheasants with 137Cs
Authors: Vicentijevic M. , Mitrovic R. , Vitorovic Gordana
Published: September 2009

Obtaining the radiation-hygiene safe products in the case of a large-scale nuclear accident, is a serious problem. The efficient way to solve this problem, and also to prevent human contamination through the food chain, is using efficient radioprotectors. Having in mind that so far research work concerned alimentary Cs-contamination of domestic animals, our aim was to investigate the radioprotector possibilities of clinoptilolit. As experimental animals we used pheasants from the species Phasianus colchicus. Every animal was simultaneously given water solution of 137Cs and radioprotector Clinoptilolit. The level of contamination was determined by gamma - spectrometry in light meat, dark meat, liver and gizzard. The best effect of protection was achieved (78 - 84%) for dark, light meat and liver, than for gizzard (22 - 37%).
Phenotypic and genetic variability of quality traits of carcass sides and meat
Authors: Petrovic Milica , Pusic M. , Radojkovic D. , Mijatovic M. , Radovic C. , Zivkovic B.
Published: September 2009

Investigation of phenotypic and genetic variability of carcass side quality traits and pH values of M. semimembranosusa was carried out on 997 fatteners (446 females and 551 castrates) who originated from 20 sires. Sires were pure breed (Swedish Landrace, Large White and Duroc) and two breed crosses (Duroc x hampshire). In average 48,8 progeny - fatteners over sire were tested. Obtained data was processed by application of several methods of least squares (Harvey, 1990) in which sire genotype, sex and mass of warm carcass sides were included (linear effect) or age at the end of fattening (linear effect). Sires and sex of offspring influenced variation of all traits (P<0.01) except on value pH45. Genotype of sire influenced (P<0.05) variation of both pH values Heritability coefficients of quality traits of carcass sides were medium and in the interval from 0.234 to 0.408. Low value of heritability coefficient (0.098) was evaluated for trait pH45. Contrary to this trait, heritability of pH24 was high. Phenotypic relation of carcass side traits was of different force (from very weak to complete) and sign. Between traits pH45 and pH24 evaluated coefficient of phenotypic correlation wasn't statistically significant.
Variability of certain table egg quality traits depending on the producer and investigation year
Authors: Skrbic Zdenka , Pavlovski Z. , Mitrovic S. , Lukic M. , Tomasevic D.
Published: September 2009

Interest of consumers in safety and quality of table eggs is increasing. Considering the deficit/lack of eggs from alternative systems, as well as increased production cost and other (zoo-hygienic) problems in these systems, it is necessary to improve egg quality traits in intensive production conditions. In Serbia, numerous mini farmers are main suppliers of table eggs on the market, therefore there is the issue of subjective factor, i.e. producer on the quality of egg. At the same time, objective of the paper was to investigate the changes of the egg quality traits depending on the year of investigation. During three production cycles, on five farms for production of table eggs with Isabrown layers, following quality traits were investigated: egg mass, albumen height, Haugh units, yolk color, egg shell color, cleanliness and thickness. Investigation results indicated significant effect of investigation years, i.e. production cycles on quality of table eggs, based on main flocks of same light layer hen hybrid, as well as quality of feeds used for their nutrition. Also, results indicated the possibility for improvement of egg quality even in conditions of intensive production and that this improvement greatly depends on the awareness of the producer about the importance of the correct realization of production technology.
Testing of new cultivars of perennial grasses in year of sowing
Authors: Tomic Zorica , Nesic Z. , Krnjaja V. , Zujovic Miroslav , Vorkapic M.
Published: September 2009

Testing of new cultivars of perennial grasses cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Huds.) was carried out on experimental field of the Institute for Animal Husbandry in year 2005. Trial was set according to random block system, on 10m2, soil type carbonate chernozem. Climatic conditions in year of sowing were at the level of average values for several years for daily temperature, 12,40C compared to 12,10C, and for precipitation difference was even greater 831,6mm compared to average calculated for several years of 645,2mm. Main morphological and phenological traits of plants were investigated, plant growth, height at 1st cut, plant regeneration after 10 days, as well as production of green mass and dry matter. All five cocksfoot cultivars had considerably higher yields per cuts, total (2,12-2,69 t ha-1). Two cultivars of meadow fescue showed no significant difference in yield of dry matter (1,84-2,03 t ha-1), whereas cultivars of tall fescue differed highly significantly in this regard (1,84-1,62 t ha-1). Also, main parameters of plant quality, organic matter, content of crude protein, crude fibre and crude fat in the 2nd cut were determined. Investigated cultivars of cocksfoot and tall fescue differed significantly, whereas cultivars of meadow fescue were very similar. Obtained results were processed using variation statistical methods and mean values were tested using LSD test.
Influence of imported pigs breeds to Lithuanian white pigs meat production and quality
Authors: Jukna V. , Jukna C. , Saikevicius K.
Published: September 2009

Pig breeding in Lithuania has still remained a traditional branch of agriculture. Pork meat in meat production balance of the country makes over 40 %. Many authors stated that in case of favorable conditions for crossbreeding combinations it becomes possible to improve successfully pigs? meat properties and meat quality (Michalska et al, 2000; Zaiadilov et al, 2005; Popov, 2005; Jukna et al, 2005; Suslina et al, 2005; Dziaugys et al, 1997). In order to improve pork meat quality in Lithuania it seems important to know which breeds of pigs are most purposeful for breeding with Lithuanian White pigs. The report presents the data about the crossing of Lithuanian White (LW) pigs with the Landraces (L), Yorkshires (Y) and boars of Large White breed. The most effective for the growth rate of crossbreeds are considered to be boars of Landraces and Yorkshires breeds (p<0.05-<0.001). Forage expenditure on the weight gain decreased only reproductors of Landraces breed (p<0.001). Crossbreeding led to the decreased amount of fat in LW pigs behind the terminal rib by 6.76-8.16 mm (p<0.01-<0.001), 6.7-8.44 cm increased the area of cross-section of the longest dorsal muscle (p<0.001) and by 2.83-4.2 % increased the muscularity of the carcass (p<0.01->0.05). The studied boars of the imported breeds also affected some meat quality parameters of Lithuanian White pigs. Drip loss of the crossbreeds of Yorkshires and Large White breed tended to be by 2.89-3.2 % lower than in Lithuanian White pigs (p<0.05-<0.001). The meat of all crossbreds tended to be harder than in Lithuanian White pigs (p<0.05-<0.01) and the tendency of lower water coherence capability (p<0.001->0.05) was also observed. The effect of crossbreeding on the other quality parameters in pigs was less considerable.
The effects of probe type and intensity of ultrasound on accuracy of intramuscular fat prediction in longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs
Authors: Bahelka I. , Tomka J. , Hanusová E.
Published: September 2009

This study evaluates the possibility of intramuscular fat prediction in live pigs using two different ultrasound probes (3.5 and/or 5.0 MHz) at three various levels of total ultrasound intensity. One hundred and forty-five hybrid pigs were weighed and scanned one to three days before slaughter by device ALOKA SSD 500. Each pig was scanned by both probes but at different levels of intensity. Cross-sectional images of longissimus dorsi muscle were processed by video image analysis for prediction of intramuscular fat content. Day after slaughter a sample of longissimus dorsi muscle was taken for laboratory analysis of true content of intramuscular fat. Correlation coefficients between predicted and true IMF content were calculated. Better results were achieved by probe 3.5 MHz than 5.0 MHz. Statistically significant correlation was found between analyzed IMF and estimated one at intensity of 80 % (r = 0.31), less significant at intensity of 75 % (r = 0.20). After the improvement of accuracy of data proccessing and evaluation of sonographic images the ultrasound prediction of intramuscular fat in live pigs is feasible.
The breeding program of Latxa breed
Authors: Ugarte E.
Published: September 2009

The present paper describes the breeding program of Latxa breed in Spain. Latxa?s breeding program has been on-going since 1984 and it is focused on increasing milk yield. As a consequence of its implementation, an annual genetic improvement of 3% in milk yield has obtained. Currently, new traits are being considered in the selection breeding goal.
Some production traits of the new imported East-Friesian sheep in Macedonia
Authors: Pacinovski N. , Dimov G. , Eftimova E.
Published: September 2009

Investigation of some production traits in two production years (2005, 2006) was carried out on East-Friesian sheep. Considerably (P<0.01) higher milk production (346 lit.) in 2005, in comparison to 2006 (250 lit.) was registered. The duration of lactation is considerably (P<0.01) greater in 2006 (264 days), compared to 2005 (232 days). The content of milk fat in the milk from this breed is in average 5.01%, i.e. 5.64%, for the two years consequently. The production of milk fat is 17.34 kg in 2005 and 14.11 kg in 2006. The percentage of proteins in our research, in average is 4.68% in 2005, i.e. 4.85% in 2006, while the production is 16.19, i.e. 12.12 kg. The number of obtained lambs per sheep is not considerably higher (P<0.05) in 2005 (1.64 lambs) in comparison to 2006 (1.48 lambs). Almost all the examined factors (year, lactation, number of milk control) highly influence (P<0.001) the daily milk production, with the exception of the year, which influences with a considerable importance (P<0.05) the evening milk. In regard to the milk fat, statistically highly significant (P<0,001) influence was established only of the number of sequence and the month of the milk control, while all the rest fixed factors (year, lactation, number of lambs) didn?t influence significantly (P>0,05) this component of milk. Except of the fats, all the examined factors influenced statistically highly significantly (P<0,001) proteins in the milk, with an exception of the number of lambs, which did not influence considerably (P>0,05) this component.
Horse breeding in the Republic of Croatia and possibilities of its development
Authors: Baban M. , Cacic M. , Korabi N. , Rastija T. , Mijic P.
Published: September 2009

The trend of capital investments is increasing in horse breeding, as one of the major livestock branches in the Republic of Croatia. A long tradition of horse breeding and natural resources eligible for horse breeding contributed to the creation of great potential for Croatia. Besides, state financial subventions are also helping horse breeding development. All forms of horse breeding are showing an increasing trend of development, which influences an increase in numerical trend of horses as well as their quality. Interest in horse breeding, sports or just in keeping horses as hobby animals is increasing each year. Main investors and movers are owners, breeders, sportsmen and horse lovers themselves. Help through state financial subvention is significant, but still very far from necessary funds. The regulative for financial subvention and other official acts are regulated for horse breeding through subvention groups. This is an efficient measurement to help breeders, but in the future changes will be necessary, mainly through different developing projects. Besides the only state stud farm of Lipizzan horses in Djakovo, many other breeding organizations exist in Croatia. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management authorized those organizations to maintain their own breeding program. Congruently many Stud Books were published and many are still in the process of publishing. One of the most significant projects realized last year was the international approval of Croatian breeding of Thoroughbred horses. The short period till entering European Union demands horse breeding reformation, therefore Croatian horse breeding passed a major reorganization process and gave a greater accent to independent breeding organizations. The regulation for publishing the identification document or "passport" (NN 74/20007) is also published. The main scientific-research-educational institution is still missing in order to create the horse breeding strategy. With its work this institution would benefit to more quality horse breeding in all of its segments.
Immunizing Norduz goats against inhibin
Authors: Cedden F. , Daskiran I. , Cetin Y. , Bingol M. , Demir Ö. , Yilmaz A. , Aygun T.
Published: September 2009

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of active inhibin immunization on follicular development and prolificacy in Norduz goats. Two times inhibin ?- subunit 1-32 porcine was used for preparation of vaccine. It was observed that goats were successfully immunized against inhibin, following ultrasonographic inspection and antibody binding test. High number of follicles were developed in immunized goats. But, active immunization does not improve prolificacy in Norduz goats.
The milkability and somatic cell counts of milk cows in various systems of keeping and milking
Authors: Mijic P. , Knezevic I. , Matkovic M. , Baban M. , Ivkic Z.
Published: September 2009

A high milk production, time limited milking and healthy udders are priority tasks at milking farms. The aim of our research was to study how different ways of keeping (free rang and tying) and milking (milking parlour, bucket machine and pipeline milking) influence on the mentioned cattle characteristics. Investigation was conducted at four milking farms and 382 Holstein cows in eastern Croatia. The variance analysis has shown significant difference (P<0,05) among researched farms for the milk yield per milking (MYM), the somatic cell count (LSCC) and the maximum milk flowing rate (MFR). Farms at which cows were kept and milked bound up in stables had more problems with udder health than farms at which milking was conducted at milking places. Also at these farms (at which cows were kept and milked bound up in stables) the maximum milk flowing rate was uneven, what was caused by uneven vacuum and obsoletes milking equipment. Keeping cows free at the stable and milking at a milking place have appeared to be more appropriate for cow?s udder health, what finally influences a higher milking production. Such farms should be the future of modern milking production in Croatia.
Nutritional factors influencing improvement of milk and meat quality as well as productive and reproductive parameters of cattle
Authors: Sretenovic Lj. , Aleksic S. , Petrovic M.P. , Miscevic B.
Published: September 2009

Consumers are becoming more aware of the relationships between diet and health and this has increased consumer interest in the nutritional value of foods. This is impacting on the demand for foods which contain functional components that play important roles in health maintenance and disease prevention. Vitamin E, organically bound selenium and betacarotene are important antioxidant components of animal and human diets, and also unsaturated fatty acids and yeast and their roles in animal and human health and immune function are indispensable. The present review paper will discuss these nutrients in relation to antioxidant and health considerations and draw conclusions as to vitamin and mineral supplementation needs.
Molecular characterization of bulgarian livestock genetic resources, II: Microsatelite variation within and among Bulgarian cattle breeds
Authors: Teneva A. , Todorovska E. , Tyufekchiev N. , Stella A. , Boettcher P. , Dimitrova I.
Published: September 2009

This study was undertaken to determine the genetic structure and the diversity among 2 local cattle breeds from Bulgaria, the Rhodope Shorthorn and Grey cattle. A panel of 11 microsatellites was used for the evaluation. For these loci, allele frequencies, heterozygosity, HWE, genetic disequilibrium, genic differentiation were determined. Both populations displayed a relatively high level of genetic variation as estimated by allelic diversity and heterozygosity. Heterozygosities ranged from 0.5424 /SPS 115/ to 0.8983 /TGLA 227/ for the Rhodope population and 0.6333 /TGLA 53/ to 0.9333 /TGLA227/ for Grey cattle, with similar average values for the two groups - 0.7858 and 0.7757. These results clearly suggest that these breeds are suitable to preserve as a genetic resources.
The effect of age at the beginning of grazing season on 205-day and 365-day weight in Charolais and Limousine calves
Authors: Simcic M. , Cepon M.
Published: September 2009

The effect of age at the beginning of grazing season on 205-day and 365-day weight of calves was analysed. Data included 234 Charolais and 122 Limousine calves reared at the Educational and Research Animal Husbandry Centre Logatec (Slovenia). Calves were born between years 1995 and 2006. The effects of breed, sex (nested within breed), parity (nested within breed) and year of birth as fixed effects were included in the model. Age at the beginning of grazing season and birth weight as linear regression were also included in the model. Age at the beginning of grazing season as linear regression influenced 205-day weight (p=0.0007) and 365-day weight (p=0.0049), too. Breed, sex within breed, year of birth, and birth weight also influenced 205-day and 365-day weight. Coefficient of determination was higher (0.80) for 365-day weight compared to 205-day weight (0.51).
Quality properties of non-fat yogurt with addition of whey protein concentrate
Authors: Sady M. , Domagała J. , Grega T. , Najgebauer-Lejko D.
Published: September 2009

The aim of the study was investigation of quality of fat-free, settype yoghurt made at 5% (w/w) protein level with addition of skim milk powder (SMP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) blends. The ratio SMP/WPC in used blends was: 1/0; 2/1; 1/2; 0/1. On 1st, 7th and 21st day of refrigerated storage yoghurt was analysed for sensory properties, titrable acidity, pH, free fatty acids (FFA), acetaldehyde, and diacethyl. Also enumeration of viable L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus was carried out. During the whole storage period products with SMP/WPC ratio at 1/2 and 2/1 obtained the best sensory score. Addition of WPC to yoghurt significantly decreased lactic acid concentration which positively influenced its stability during shelf life. It was shown that during storage acidity of yoghurt was growing up in concern of pH level. The acetaldehyde content tended to increase significantly in the yoghurt fortified with higher proportion of WPC opposite to diacethyl level which was the lowest in yoghurt with an SMP/WPC addition at 0/1. During storage concentration of both volatile compounds were the highest on 7th day and the lowest on 21st day. The maximum concentration of FFA was stated in products with SMP/WPC ratio 1/2. During the storage period FFA content significantly increased after 7th days and had no changed during next 14 days. The total number of yoghurt bacteria during the whole storage time was up to 1010 and did not vary depending on SMP/WPC ratio. Amount of L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus was about one log cycle lower than S. thermophilus in all kinds of yoghurt.
The morphological and biochemical characteristics of the consecutive ejaculates from Il-de-France rams at various ages
Authors: Kistanova E. , Vasileva D. , Grigorov B. , Metodiev N.
Published: September 2009

In the agricultural practice one ram is used for the insemination a lot of ewes according to the breeding plan. For the insurance of the successful insemination of ewes reached the heat simultaneously, it is necessary to obtain some consistently ejaculates from one ram. The aim of the present work was the estimation of the sperm quality in consecutive ejaculates from Il-de-France rams at various ages. It was investigated over 40 ejaculates from 5 rams of the IAS-Kostinbrod herd between 1, 5 and 4 years old during the breeding season. The sperm was collected by artificial vagina. It was estimated the following morphological and biochemical parameters: volume, count of the spermatozoids in 1ml, motility, survivability at 39?C and activity of the alkaline phosphatase in the semen plasma. In the consecutive ejaculates of both groups no significant morphological changes of spermatozoids were established. The obtained results are shown that the concentration of the spermatozoids and the activity of the alkaline phosphatase in the semen plasma reduce in the third consistently ejaculate, but the keeping of Aph activity in second ejaculates despite decreasing of the sperm volume and concentration of spermatozoid. On the base of these results we could give reference for use of the first and second ejaculates in the practical insemination of ewes.
Genetic improvement of fertility in sheep by selection according to physiological parameters
Authors: Petrovic M.P. , Ruzic-Muslic D. , Zujovic M. , Mekic C.
Published: September 2009

In this paper, fertility parameters of sheep are discussed and principles analyzed in order to obtain the optimal methods for their evaluation. Mathematical procedures for evaluation of genetic and phenotypic parameters and anticipation of genetic values, today, are mainly based on different linear and non-linear concepts, therefore it is necessary to accept the reality that there is no absolute accuracy. Special emphasis is on the possibility of use of physiological quantitative fertility indicators in sheep selection, considering that there is correlation between them and fertility traits. In this regard, the degree of response to direct and indirect selection within population is analyzed in order to established the nature of parameters necessary for evaluation of data and determine the relative degree of such response.
Phenotypic and genetic parameters for fertility and growth rate in Slovenian autochthonous sheep breed Jezersko-Solcavska
Authors: Kastelic M. , Kompan D.
Published: September 2009

Phenotypic and genetic parameters were studied in Slovenian autochthonous sheep breed Jezersko-Solcavska. The data originate from Slovenian selection program. The number of sheep in Slovenia, especially of autochthonous breeds is increasing due to abandoning of intensive farming on many farms. Another reason are subsidies, favouring low intensity production and autochthonous breeds. The breed is fertile during the whole year. Estimated heritabilities are: 0.078 for birthweight, 0.401 for weight at 60 days and 0.390 for weight at the end of the test at average age of 185.35 days.
Correlation of body mass of Serbian white goat and type of kidding and production traits
Authors: Zujovic M. , Tomic Z. , Petrovic M.P. , Muslic Ruzic , Nesic Z. , Ivanovic S.
Published: September 2009

Main breeding objective in improvement of goat production is realization of increase of number of animals and production and creation of constant highly productive goat breeding on private farms of individual producers. For economically efficient goat production, size and number of goats in the herd are of great importance. Considering that goats of greater body mass should realize higher production, body mass of head can serve as one of the parameters in selection. Objective of this research was to determine optimal body masses of heads in population of Serbian White goat, in hilly-mountainous region of Stara Planina Mountain, in semiintensive rearing system (pasture-stable) and in relation to realized production. Based on results of research it can be concluded that optimal body mass of investigated heads in population of Serbian White goat in regard to observed parameters of production is between 40-47 kg.
Differentiation of highly pathogenic strain H5N1 of AIV by Real Time PCR in the first outbreak in Romania
Authors: Zaulet M. , Georgescu S.E. , Coste H.
Published: September 2009

Fast diagnosis of Avian Influenza is a prerequisite for confining outbreaks. Diagnosis implies the differentiation of virulent and non-virulent Avian Influenza virus. After starting with PCR screening for matrix protein followed by identifying the presence of H5 and N1 genes, the diagnosis methodology within Romanian Institute for Diagnosis and Animal Health has moved to rapid molecular tests for detecting the virulent and nonvirulent strains. During October-December 2005 over 3400 biological specimens from 16 affected poultry backyards from Eastern Romania were tested by Real- Time PCR in the first Romanian outbreak. Over 3000 specimens have been tested in 2006, in the second Romanian outbreak when commercial poultry farms from central and southern Romania were affected.
The effect of substitution of fish meal with high protein plant feed in nutrition of sows and piglets
Authors: Zivkovic B. , Migdal W. , Veselinovic V. , Radovic C. , Kosovac O. , Fabjan M.
Published: September 2009

The effects of use of high protein plant feed - Ekofish meal in nutrition of sows in lactation, sucking piglets and weaned piglets were investigated in this paper. Considering our previous positive experiences in use of similar feed in nutrition of weaned piglets and fatteners, objective of this paper was to evaluate the effects of use of high protein feed based on plant proteins in diets for lactating sows, suckling and weaned piglets. Investigated feed was produced according to specific technology in production facilities of the firm Bankom in Serbia. Investigations were carried out on the Experimental pig farm of the Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun in Serbia. Obtained results showed that in isonitrogen mixtures the introduction of studied feed as substitute for fish meal had positive effects: by 6,18% lower losses of body mass of sows during lactation, by 1,6 shorter service period, with almost identical gain (difference of 2 g) in suckling piglets, increased consumption of pre-starter by 1,1 kg/litter in piglets during creep feeding, and similar but by 4,73% lower cost of gain with similar feed conversion in weaned piglets. In general, obtained results have shown that use of high protein plant feed can be recommended in nutrition of sows, suckling and weaned piglets.
Growth rate and carcass traits in three genotypes of capons
Authors: Tercic D. , Brus M. , Volk M. , Holcman A.
Published: September 2009

Growth performance and carcass characteristics of capons (castrated cockerels) from three breeds/strains locally presented in Slovenia and Austria were investigated. Growth and feed consumption data were collected for a 156-d and 199-d period, when randomly chosen animals were slaughtered and their carcasses dissected. The feed conversion rate in barred Prelux, Sulmtaler and Styrian capons for the whole growing period was 6.24 kg, 6.32 kg and 7.53 kg, respectively. Average body weight in barred Prelux and Styrian capons increased only in the first 156 days of age, but not further on. Cumulative mortality rate in Sulmtaler capons was 19.05 % and was 2.7- to 4.4-fold higher as compared with Styrian and barred Prelux capons (6.90 % and 4.31 % respectively). Sulmtaler capons had the lowest abdominal fat content. Barred Prelux capons, as compared to capons from other two breeds were characterized by higher pre-slaughter weight, higher carcass weight and higher dressing out percentages. This indicates that the layer type barred Prelux cockerels have a potential to be as capons put to profitable use.
Nutritive value of corn meal in nutrition of fattening chickens
Authors: Milosevic N. , Peric L. , Lukic M. , Filipovic S.
Published: September 2009

One of the by-products of corn processing which can successfully be used in poultry nutrition is livestock meal. In this trial corn meal was investigated, meal in two form: non-extruded (T1 and T2) and extruded (T3 and T4) as a replacement of cracked corn (K) in the amount of 100% (T1 and T3) and 50% (T2 and T4). Investigation was carried out in 4 repetitions, 75 chickens of Arbor Acres x Ross 308 hybrid in each group. Trial lasted 42 days. Chickens were fed three standard mixtures (starter, grower and finisher). Investigation demonstrated that group of chickens of treatment T3 realized the best final body masses (2254g), followed by chickens in treatment T4 (2173g), chickens of group T2 (2112g), K group (2106 g), and the worst results were established in chickens of group T1 (2103g). It was established that differences in final body mass of chickens from group T3 in relation to chickens from groups T1, T2, T4 and were statistically highly significant (P<0,001). Statistically significant differences (P<0,05) were established between body masses of chickens from group T4 in relation to T1, T2 and K group. Mortality of chickens was as followes: K-3,64%, T1- 2,50%, and T2-5,00%, T3-6,39%, and T4-3,33%. Feed conversion in all investigated groups was almost identical (K-1,91; T2-,93; T3-1,93; T4-1,94) with the exception of T1 with 1,97. In regard to production index (PI), the best results were realized by group of chickens T3 (261), followed by chickens T4 (258), K (253), and the worst results were established in chickens of groups T1 (248) and T2 (248).
Influence of probiotic preparation YEASTURE-W on the productivity and meat quality of broiler chickens
Authors: Raceviciūtė-Stupelienė A. , Sasytė V. , Gruzauskas R. , Simkus A.
Published: September 2009

Probiotics are widely accepted as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics in poultry production. The objective of investigation was to research the effect of probiotic preparation YEASTURE-W for growth performance, meat and carcass quality of broiler chicks. The experiment was performed with 120 Hybro-PN broiler chickens 1?56-day-old, divided into 2 groups of 60 birds each. The both groups were fed crumbled feed mixtures ad libitum. The feed mixture of the experimental group was supplemented with probiotic preparation YEASTURE-W (2 kg/t feed). The birds were maintained on deep litter and watered from stationary watering containers. The results of experiments indicated, that probiotic preparation YEASTURE-W during all experiment period increased the weight of broiler chickens by 10% (P<0.001) and decreased feed conversion ratio by 9% (P<0.005) comparing with control group. A probiotic showed a tendency to improve the carcass yield and improve the yield of edible parts of broiler chickens. The culinary and chemical properties of poultry became better.
Dynamics of incidence and frequency of populations of Fusarium species on stored maize grain
Authors: Krnjaja V. , Levic J. , Tomic Z. , Nesic Z. , Stojanovic Lj. , Trenkovski S.
Published: September 2009

Production and providing of high quality maize grain are of primary importance for livestock production since maize is the main component of livestock feed. Contamination with fungi not only diminishes the quality of grain, but some fungi species can produce highly toxic compounds known as mycotoxins. Considering that maize is economically the most important grown plant in Serbia, content and intensity of frequency of these pathogen fungi species are investigated in maize stored in the storage facilities. Based on studies of the fungi incidence in stored maize intended for nutrition of livestock, it was established that during the period from February 2005 to March 2006, some fungi species were present successively (Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp.), other with interruptions of one (Nigrospora spp., Aspergillus spp., Acremonium spp., Alternaria spp), three (Mucor spp., Chaetomium spp., Rhizopus spp.) to four months (Cladosporium spp.), and also sporadically during three (Epicoccum spp., Rhizopus spp., Trichothecium spp.), two (Gliocladium spp.) or one month (Papulaspora spp., Phialophora spp.). Period June-October is the most critical for preservation of the quality of stored maize since the number of fungi species present (8?14 of total of 17 identified fungi genera) and their frequency during this period are the highest, especially of toxigenic species of Fusarium (43.5?62.5%) and Penicillium (10.0?33.5%) genera. Positive correlation (r = 0.5979**) between dynamics of incidence and frequency of isolated fungi species indicates that fungi with higher frequency of incidence remain longer on the grain during storage. F. verticillioides and F. subglutinans, of total of 6 identified Fusarium species were present on the grain during entire year and with the highest frequency (24.7% and 5.9%, respectively). During single year (2005) F. verticillioides was present in the highest percentage from February to October (22.0?39.5%), and F. subglutinans from April to October (8.0?12.5%), whereas the both species were isolated the least during winter period December-January (4.0?8.0% and 0.5?1.0%, respectively). F. graminearaum is the third toxigenic Fusarium species which from the mycotoxicological aspect can be important for period June-September when it is mostly present (5.0?11.0%). Incidence of other Fusarium species is sporadic (1.3% F. proliferatum, 1.0% F. sambucinum and 0.5% F. poae).
Effect of adaptation stress on blood indices of limousine cows
Authors: Rząsa A. , Nowakowski P. , Dobicki A. , Kwaśnicki R. , Mordak R.
Published: September 2009

The aim of research was to assess glucose (Glu), fibrinogen (Fb) and hematocrit (Ht) in the whole blood samples, while cortisol (Cort), haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), total protein (TPt) and concentrations of protein fractions (albumins, globulins) in blood serum to monitor adaptation stress in beef cows of Limousine breed. Three groups of cows, each consisting of 8 animals shortly after parturition, were studied simultaneously after different time of adaptation to the new herd (Group I - 1 week, Group II - 3 weeks, Group III - 1 year). Group III animals were perceived as already adapted to the herd environment. Limousine cows with the shortest time of stay in the new herd characterized with elevated concentrations of Glu (P<0.01), Cort, SAA and ?-globulin fraction while concentration of ?-globulins was significantly lowered (P?0.05). These indices may be related to adaptation stress lasting ca 1 week. The most sensitive response of animals to adaptation stress lasting 1 week was exhibited in elevated Glu values. Cows with 3 weeks elapsed time from relocation exhibited only elevated Ht and SAA values.
The relationship between body weight and exterior measurements in domestic ostriches during the first four months after hatching
Authors: Kurtenkov Andrey
Published: September 2009

It is related leg problems to the realization of the necessity of doing a detailed analysis of the phenotype correlations between body weight and exterior measurements. As a result of the study, lower coefficients have been obtained of the correlation between the girth of the tarso metatarsus on one hand, and the body weight and the girth behind the wings, on the other hand (respectively 0.563 and 0.608), compared with the one between the body weight and the girth behind the wings (0.898). It is advisable in the selection of ostriches to take into consideration the necessity of a higher phenotypic correlation between the girth of the tarso metatarsus on the one hand, and the body weight and the girth behind the wings on the other hand, with a view to preventing leg problems.
The effect of genotype on dressing percentage and tissue content of beef carcasses
Authors: Ostojic-Andric D. , Bogdanovic V. , Aleksic S. , Petrovic M.M. , Miscevic B. , Pantelic V. , Josipovic S.
Published: September 2009

Differences in dressing percentage and content of different tissues in carcasses of Domestic Spotted breed and crosses F1 generation with Charolais and Limousine breed were investigated. Total of 30 carcass sides were dissected, 10 in each genetic group. Genotype exhibited very significant effect (p<0,01) on dressing percentage and content of tissues, except for connective tissue. The highest dressing percentage was determined in crosses with Charolais (59,92%) followed by crosses with Limousine (59,85%), with statistically significant difference (p<0,01) to dressing percentage established for heads of domestic Simmental breed (55,71%). Crosses with Charolais and Limousine realized considerably higher content of muscle tissue (81,5% and 80,7%) compared to heads of domestic Simmental breed (77,86%). Content of bone tissue of 16,45% in carcasses of domestic Simmental breed was considerably higher (p<0,01) compared to both groups of crosses, whereas the content of fat and connective tissue was considerably higher (p<0,05) only in relation to crosses with Limousine.
Application of modern technology of nutrition in high yielding cows in dry period and early lactation
Authors: Sretenovic Ljiljana , Aleksic S. , Petrovic M.M. , Petrovic Milan , Stojanovic Lj. , Marinkov G.
Published: September 2009

The paper presents review of authors? own results as well as results of other researchers on the effects of nutritional factors in overcoming of problems in transition period, 30 days prior and 70 days post calving, and to ensure satisfactory productive and reproductive performances. The significance of proper diet balance for total and non degradable protein, sufficient amount of energy, addition of some minerals and vitamins as well as additives in order to achieve good health, high milk production and satisfactory reproductive performances are pointed out. In general, all mentioned factors have great influence in increasing economical effects in cattle breeding.
The effect of copper and zinc concentrations in feed and water on their distribution in beef cattle tissues
Authors: Vukasinovic M. , Kaljevic V. , Sekler M. , Kurcubic V. , Obradovic S.
Published: September 2009

An investigation of the effect of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentrations on their distribution in beef cattle tissues was conducted using feed trial with the following four nutrition treatments applied. At the end of the trial, samples of the muscular tissue, liver and kidneys of slaughtered cattle were taken from 10 head of cattle of the I group, 30 head of the II and III groups and 15 head of the IV group. The analyses were made by using the spectroscopic AAS method. Investigation results showed that all groups of cattle were given water with Cu and Zn contents below maximum permissible concentrations (MPC). The content of Cu and Zn in the tissues of the beef cattle in our experiment directly depended on their content in the concentrated feed. Copper is deposited in the liver the most, and Zn in the muscular tissue (excepting the II group of cattle). Correlation dependence of Cu and Zn content in the tissues from content in DM is complete (total), except in the case of Zn content in kidney, where is above mentioned correlation very strong (0.795).
Effect of addition of starches of different botanical origin on the texture and rheological properties of set-style yogurts
Authors: Najgebauer-Lejko D. , Sady M. , Grega T. , Faber B. , Domagała J. , Machaczka B.
Published: September 2009

The aim of the present study was to estimate an effect of addition of different native starches i.e.: potato, maize, waxy maize and tapioca on the textural (Texture Profile Analysis) and rheological properties (apparent dynamic viscosity, flow curves) of set-style cow?s yogurts. All analyses were done on fresh yogurts and after 1 and 3 weeks of storage at 4?C in three series. Introduction of all starches to the yogurt formula resulted in higher viscosity and improvement of all textural parameters except hardness. Addition of maize starch caused the highest apparent viscosity value and waxy maize starch supplementation led to the lowest hardness. Also the shape of flow curves was highly affected by the kind of starch added to the processing milk. Generally, maize and waxy maize starch additives resulted in higher values of shear stress when compared to the plain yogurt, whereas yogurt supplemented with potato starch demonstrated lower values of that parameter.