bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inter-collaboration Network among Institutional Actors of Agricultural Knowledge Information System (AKIS): A Comparative Study between Cooch Behar and Jalpaiguri Districts of West Bengal, India
Authors: Ali Golam Torab , Das Ganesh , Pal Prabhat Kumar
Published: October 2021

Agricultural extension institutions play different roles at village level. There is always a need of inter-collaboration network between different institutions. Information exchange among these organizations is important for technology generation, information dissemination and adoption. So, it is imperative to know the inter collaboration network among the institutional actors which requires proper investigation and analysis. A few works were found in India on inter-collaboration network among the institutional actors of Agricultural Knowledge Information System (AKIS). The objective of the study was to find out the inter-collaboration network among institutional actors of AKIS of two different districts of West Bengal and their comparative evaluation. The data were collected from 84 respondents from 19 different institutions employing a random sampling technique. The data were analysed through UCINET 6 and Netdraw software. It was found from the study that Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Comprehensive Area Development Corporation (CADC), Agricultural line department through Assistant Director of Agriculture (ADA), Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) and Farmer Producers’ Organisations (FPO) play a pivotal role in this network. It was found also from the study that Cooch Behar district had stronger inter-collaboration network among its institution’s actors than Jalpaiguri district.
Complications of Covid-19 on Sickle Cell Patients in Children
Authors: Fadl Ahmed Abdelsamie , Balkhi Duaa Salem , Binyamien Bayan Khalid
Published: October 2021

Sickle cell anemia is serious condition. People who have the disease when get infected with Covid-19 are more likely to suffer more complications. In this paper, we report the prevalence of complications of sickle cells of children infected with covid-19 virus. As pathogen detection campaigns have gotten more prevalent, the number of patients diagnosed with COVID19 has increased substantially. The majority of children diagnosed with COVID19 have moderate symptoms; the most common clinical signs in children with COVID19 are fever and cough. Fatigue, myalgia, upper respiratory tract symptoms, sore throat, headache, dizziness, and gastrointestinal problems.
To study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Transmission and Prevention of HIV/AIDS among Students of Junior Colleges
Authors: Rodge Hina , Waghmare Usha , Sayare Ashvini , Tirkey Harshit , Gote Kajal , Neet Kajal
Published: October 2021

Introduction: HIV/AIDS is becoming a growing global danger to mankind. Since the first cases were reported, HIV/AIDS has been spreading at an alarming rate.

Background: In India, The age group of 15-24 years accounts for 35% of all AIDS cases, indicating that the younger population is especially vulnerable to epidemics.

Methods: The study was based on an interventional evaluatory approach and one group pretest-posttest design used. 60 junior college student samples were collected using Non-probability purposive sampling technique. one way ANOVA and t-test used to estimate the  association between post-test knowledge and posttest attitude score transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS among students of junior college the and the selected demographic variables.

Results: This study revealed that the Mean value of the pretest knowledge score was 21.51 and the post-test knowledge score was 26.46 and the standard deviation of the pre-test knowledge score was ±4.96 and the post-test standard deviation was ±5.66. The t-value is 5.09 and the p-value is 0.0001. The mean value of the pretest attitude score was 28.48 and post-test attitude score was 40.25 and the standard deviation of the pre-test attitude score was ±4.13 and the post-test attitude score was ±2.45. The t- value is 18.98 and the p-value is 0.0001. There was a significant association of post-test knowledge score with the source of information about HIV/AIDS and there was no significant association of post-test attitude score regarding transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS.

Conclusion: The study concluded that planned teaching on knowledge and attitude regarding transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS among students of junior college was effective as a teaching strategy.
A Review on Recommendations for the Maintenance of Implant Supported Restorations
Authors: Noorsaeed Ashwag Siddik , Mohammad A. Asiri, Alaa , Almaghrabi Abdulmalk Abdulatif A. , Ibrahim N. Alshawi, Eyad , Nawab Rinad Ameer , Alkahtani Fahad Khaled M. , Alqarni Abdullah Saad , Alsaadi Reema Abdulaziz D. , Alhamawi Deemah Muneer , Kaabi Ayman Hasan , Aljehani Khalid Ahmed H. , Alburaiki Sana Zaki , Aljuraysh Osama Saeed
Published: October 2021

Implant placement necessitates an interdisciplinary approach in which a team of dental implant specialists, including an oral surgeon, prosthodontist, periodontist, and oral radiologist, collaborate on the design, execution, and maintenance of the implants to provide the best possible result. According to the data, the vast majority of the participating dentists provide implant-supported restorations to their patients on a regular basis. Surprisingly, the percentage of dentists who plan implant placement and employ backward planning methods was significantly lower. This finding implies that dentists do not always follow the current scientific consensus that the placement of an implant should be based on prosthetic principles.
Molecular Characterization of Flt3 Mutation in Acute Leukemia
Authors: Ramzan Aamir , Aamir Kiran , Jamali Anwar Ali , Memon Khalil Ahmed , Memon Rameez Iqbal , Bhatti Irfan Ahmed , Ahmer Arslan
Published: October 2021

Background: Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (FLT3) has an important role to perform in hematopoietic malignancy pathogenesis. Hence the focus of several studies has recently been FLT3.

Objective: To determine the molecular characterization of FLT3 mutation in patients of acute leukemia.

Methodology: This descriptive analysis was carried out from January 2018 to December 2018 upon a sample of 94 newly diagnosed cases of acute leukemia (chosen via non-probability, consecutive sampling) presenting to the Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro. After taking informed written consent, Data were obtained from laboratory records and patient interviews were noted down with the help of structured questionnaire. SPSS v. 20.0 was used for analysis of the obtained data.

Results: The mean age of participants was 41 years (±19 SD). 59.57% of the sample comprised of males while the remaining 40.43% were females. Among the total of 94 patients studied, patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were 41 in number while those with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were 53. The polymerase chain reaction verified FLT3 mutations in 6 (11.32%) out of 53 AML cases and 2 (4.88%) among 41 ALL cases. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) FLT3 mutation was more prevalent among the older age set (51 and above), while in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) the FLT3 mutation was more commonly seen a comparatively younger patient age set (21 to 30 years).

Conclusion: It was found out that the FLT3 mutations are not uncommon in our study setting. With a greater prevalence observed among older male patients. AML was more common than ALL, with greater incidence rate of FLT3 mutations observed in the AML patients.
Overview on Glucose Tolerance Testing in Primary Health Care
Authors: Algaows Faisal Suliman , Obaid Hasan Taha , Sharyah Saleh Mohammed AL , Alshehri Dhafer Ahmed , Alharbi Yazeed Hadi , Althawab Haitham Ahmed , Adnan Abdulrahman Mustafa , Bokhari Abdalrhman Nbil , Alkhamis Mohammed Abduljalil , Alansari Abdulaziz Ahmed , Alharbi Talal Saad , Alghamdi Nadia Mubarak , Alasiri Saeed Oudah
Published: October 2021

The glucose tolerance test can be performed in a variety of situations. To evaluate a person's capacity to manage a glucose load, a glucose tolerance test is utilised. The test can determine whether or not a person can metabolise a specific amount of glucose. and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) has been the standard method for detecting prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes causes anomalies in glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism due to insulin's ineffective action on target tissues, so health care providers making this test to determine a person's ability to handle a glucose load. In this article we will be looking at the testing procedures, normal and abnormal results and primary heath care role's to improve the results and treatmentof prediabetics .
Evaluating of the Clinical Profile, Laboratory Parameters and Outcome of Covid-19 Patients in Najran City - Saudi Arabia: A Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Aedh Abdullah I. , Al-Swedan Ali Dhafer , Alshahrani Abdulaziz S. , Ghazwani Eisa Yazeed , Sultan Salem Ali S. Alatef , Mahnashi Naif Ahmed Y. , Alyami Ali Hadi M. , Mahjari Ahood Ahmad A. , Babker Asaad M. A. , Mohamed Hatem
Published: October 2021

The unprecedented pandemic has been causing devastating damage to the human life and livelihood. The SARS CoV-2 viral strains are currently responsible for the serious of infection waves and high mortality rate. The management of disease requires well developed medical infrastructure such as central oxygen suction, ventilator facility to support the patients with severe complications. Therefore, early diagnosis and monitoring are mandatory in order to control the disease progression and its clinical complications. Current study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical parameters of the COVID-19 positive patients, and found that the body mass index ratio, oxygen saturation level and the neutrophil, lymphocyte ratio were continuously monitored. Any significant increase in the above said parameters may be correlated with adverse disease progression and patient mortality rate. In this way, developing countries could cut down the necessity for medical infrastructure.
Pellino‐2 in nonimmune cells: novel interaction partners and intracellular localization
Authors: Cristea Ileana , Bruland Ove , Aukrust Ingvild , Rødahl Eyvind , Bredrup Cecilie
Published: October 2021

Pellino‐2 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates intracellular signaling in innate immune pathways. Most studies of endogenous Pellino‐2 have been performed in macrophages, but none in nonimmune cells. Using yeast two‐hybrid screening and co‐immunoprecipitation, we identified six novel interaction partners of Pellino‐2, with various localizations: insulin receptor substrate 1, NIMA‐related kinase 9, tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 7, cyclin‐F, roundabout homolog 1, and disheveled homolog 2. Pellino‐2 showed cytoplasmic localization in a wide range of nonimmune cells under physiological potassium concentrations. Treatment with the potassium ionophore nigericin resulted in nuclear localization of Pellino‐2, which was reversed by the potassium channel blocker tetraethylammonium. Live‐cell imaging revealed intracellular migration of GFP‐tagged Pellino‐2. In summary, Pellino‐2 interacts with proteins at different cellular locations, taking part in dynamic processes that change its intracellular localization influenced by potassium efflux.
Selective Vertical and Horizontal Growth of 2D WS2 Revealed by In Situ Thermolysis using Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Gavhane Dnyaneshwar S. , Sontakke Atul D. , van Huis Marijn A.
Published: October 2021

Direct observation of the growth dynamics of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is of key importance for understanding and controlling the growth modes and for tailoring these intriguing materials to desired orientations and layer thicknesses. Here, various stages and multiple growth modes in the formation of WS2 layers on different substrates through thermolysis of a single solid‐state (NH4)2WS4 precursor are revealed using in situ transmission electron microscopy. Control over vertical and horizontal growth is achieved by varying the thickness of the drop‐casted precursor from which WS2 is grown during heating. First depositing platinum (Pt) and gold (Au) on the heating chips much enhance the growth process of WS2 resulting in an increased length of vertical layers and in a self‐limited thickness of horizontal layers. Interference patterns are formed by the mutual rotation of two WS2 layers by various angles on metal deposited heating chips. This shows detailed insights into the growth dynamics of 2D WS2 as a function of temperature, thereby establishing control over orientation and size. These findings also unveil the important role of metal substrates in the evolution of WS2 structures, offering general and effective pathways for nano‐engineering of 2D TMDs for a variety of applications.
Intrinsically Stretchable and Stable Ultra‐Deep‐Blue Fluorene‐Based Polymer with a High Emission Efficiency of ≈90% for Polymer Light‐Emitting Devices with a CIEy = 0.06
Authors: Ni Mingjian , An Xiang , Bai Lubing , Wang Kai , Cai Jiangli , Wang Shengjie , He Liangliang , Xu Man , Liu Heyuan , Lin Jinyi , Ding Xuehua , Yin Chengrong , Huang Wei
Published: October 2021

The manufacture of robust ultra‐deep‐blue polymer with an intrinsic stretchability is an extreme challenge toward fabricating flexible light‐emitting optoelectronic devices. As a key precondition for the realization of the intrinsically stretchable behavior, easily interchain slippages also cause the formation of intermolecular excited states, which is negative to the color purity and the emission efficiency of blue‐emitting film and devices. Herein, a series of π‐interrupted‐conjugated alternating polymers with a robust ultra‐deep‐blue emission and intrinsically stretchable properties are demonstrated. Interestingly, the model polymers (P4, P6, and P8) present stable ultra‐deep‐blue emission with an extremely high efficiency of ≈90% and a Commission internationale de l'éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.15, 0.06) in solid‐state, attributed to the excellent singlet excitonic behavior without any obvious polaron formation. More importantly, significantly different to rigid π‐conjugated polymers, the model P8 film displays an efficient deep blue emission even under a tensile rate of ≈15%, associated with the densely interchain entanglement and interpenetration. Finally, preliminary P8‐based polymer light‐emitting diodes also show a stable ultra‐deep‐blue emission with a CIE of (0.15, 0.06). All results above confirm the effectiveness of the π‐interrupted‐conjugated strategy to construct a robust deep‐blue polymer with an excellent intrinsic stretchability, which is a great potential for applying in flexible light‐emitting devices.
Super‐Stable Mineralization of Ni2+ Ions from Wastewater using CaFe Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Chi Haoyuan , Wang Jikang , Wang Huijuan , Li Shaoquan , Yang Mufei , Bai Sha , Li Changjuan , Sun Xiaoliang , Zhao Yufei , Song Yu‐Fei
Published: October 2021

The dealing/recycling of Ni‐containing wastewater pollution has aroused great attention both from environmental science and resource utilization perspectives. Herein, a classic CaFe‐layered double hydroxide (CaFe‐LDH) stabilizer, which exhibits a super‐stable mineralization efficiency for removing Ni2+ ions with a maximum saturated removal capacity of 321 mg g−1 is prepared. This stabilizer can remove not only 10 000 mg L−1 Ni2+ ions to a few mg L−1, but also 1 mg L−1 Ni2+ ions to 2 µg L−1. Moreover, the CaFe‐LDH shows great mineralization capability for the real Ni‐containing electroplating solution. It is demonstrated by ex situ X‐ray diffraction and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure characterization that the isomorphous substitution of Ca2+ by Ni2+ in the laminate of LDH dominates the mineralization process, and the CaFe‐LDH is transformed to the corresponding NiCaFe‐LDH accordingly. Further application of the resultant NiCaFe‐LDH shows improved electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction and photocatalytic CO2 reduction activities. This work paves great way for Ni2+ ion removal from wastewater and utilization of the recycled Ni resource.
An Ion Channel‐Induced Self‐Powered Flexible Pressure Sensor Based on Potentiometric Transduction Mechanism
Authors: Lei Dandan , Zhang Qixiang , Liu Nishuang , Su Tuoyi , Wang Luoxin , Ren Ziqi , Gao Yihua
Published: October 2021

Great efforts have been made to build multifunctional flexible pressure sensing devices to enable future wearable electronics. However, a green‐safe, cost‐effective, self‐powered integrated pressure sensing system remains challenging. Herein, an all‐solid‐state pressure sensing rGM (rGO/GO/PVA nanofibers/MXene) system is designed and developed based on a mechanical potentiometric transduction (MPT) mechanism, which converts mechanical stimulation into the change in the ion transport channel and encodes it into the measured potential difference between two electrodes with hydrated GO, thereby generating potential conduction behavior as well as a programmable stable voltage and current. The self‐powered rGM sensor can yield an output open‐circuit voltage of 0.58 V and a short‐circuit current density of 3.2 µA cm–2 when experiencing a steady mechanical pressure. Unlike typical pressure sensors, rGM sensors have an ultrawide detection range (0.7 Pa–1300 kPa), high stability (maintain 95% performance after 5000 cycles), high adjustability, simple preparation method, implying that the rGM sensor can provide real‐time monitoring for human physiological signals without an external power supply, which has a wide‐range impact on medical care. This work presents a new design based on the MPT mechanism that will significantly simplify manufacturing while improving the performance of future electronic devices and smart systems.
Scalable Submicron Channel Fabrication by Suspended Nanofiber Lithography for Short‐Channel Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Liu Hai‐Yang , Yin Jun , Gao Xiangxiang , Zhao Sanchuan , Bian Gang , Li Jiaye , Wang Chao‐Peng , Zhu Jian
Published: October 2021

Understanding the effect of short channels on the performance of field‐effect transistors (FETs) from emerging low‐dimensional semiconductors is crucial to estimate their suitability in high‐density integrated circuits. To this end, intricate and costly equipment capable of nanoscale photolithography or e‐beam lithography is usually required to fabricate FETs with shrinking channel lengths. Here, the authors propose an economical suspended nanofiber lithography technique with short‐channel processing capability, and compatibility with modern semiconductor foundries. By combining the merits of the near‐field electrohydrodynamic printing of nanofibers and microscale photolithographic process, the authors successfully fabricate short channels with lengths as small as 48 nm via masks of suspended nanofibers, whose diameters are easily tuned by adjusting the printing conditions. This technique is further applied for exploring the performance of short‐channel FETs using semiconductors such as single‐walled carbon nanotubes or electrochemically‐exfoliated MoS2. Their performance is comparable to those made from more demanding lithography methods. This economical nanofabrication technique is promising to be applied on a variety of semiconductors for highly integrated fabrication of submicron short‐channel device arrays.
Using Dipole Interaction to Achieve Nonvolatile Voltage Control of Magnetism in Multiferroic Heterostructures
Authors: Chen Aitian , Piao Hong‐Guang , Ji Minhui , Fang Bin , Wen Yan , Ma Yinchang , Li Peisen , Zhang Xi‐Xiang
Published: October 2021

Nonvolatile electrical control of magnetism is crucial for developing energy‐efficient magnetic memory. Based on strain‐mediated magnetoelectric coupling, a multiferroic heterostructure containing an isolated magnet requires nonvolatile strain to achieve this control. However, the magnetization response of an interacting magnet to strain remains elusive. Herein, Co/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) exhibiting dipole interaction on ferroelectric substrates are fabricated. Remarkably, nonvolatile voltage control of the resistance in the MTJs is demonstrated, which originates from the nonvolatile magnetization rotation of an interacting CoFeB magnet driven by volatile voltage‐generated strain. Conversely, for an isolated CoFeB magnet, this volatile strain induces volatile control of magnetism. These results reveal that the magnetization response to volatile strain among interacting magnets is different from that among isolated magnets. The findings highlight the role of dipole interaction in multiferroic heterostructures and can stimulate future research on nonvolatile electrical control of magnetism with additional interactions.
Near‐Infrared Light/Thermal Dual‐Responsive Epoxy‐Based Polydiacetylene Composite for 3D Printing
Authors: Liu Shaohui , Ding Zhaofu , Zhu Haibin , Gree Simon , Xiao Pu , Xu Yangyang , Lalevée Jacques
Published: October 2021

Polydiacetylene (PDA) is a promising material due to the chromatic transition through external stimulus. However, near‐infrared (NIR) light is on the periphery of attention to achieve the colorimetric change. Herein, an epoxy‐based PDA composite is prepared through a dual‐wavelength orthogonal photopolymerization strategy where 405 nm light and UV light are utilized in turn. The appearance of blue phase indicates that ene–yne‐conjugated PDA backbone is successfully formed in the composite. The generated PDA composite exhibits a blue‐to‐red color change upon heating. More interestingly, the fast chromatic transition is also observed under a laser diode at 1064 nm irradiation in the presence of a NIR dye (IR 1064). And such NIR light responsiveness of the composite upon NIR light irradiation is demonstrated by thermal imaging camera. Finally, the 3D printing technique is applied to the composite and the fabricated 3D pattern exhibits dual colorimetric transition in response to both heat and NIR light stimuli. Therefore, the newly proposed approach finds great applications in functional materials due to the unique dual thermal or NIR light stimuli responsiveness.
ZnO Nanoflakes Embedded Polymer Matrix for High‐Performance Mechanical Energy Harvesting
Authors: Manchi Punnarao , Graham Sontyana Adonijah , Patnam Harishkumarreddy , Paranjape Mandar Vasant , Yu Jae Su
Published: October 2021

Nanogenerators have attracted much attention in the past few years due to their high conversion efficiency of mechanical energy into electrical energy that is abundantly available in the environment and everyday human life. Enhancing the electrical output performance of nanogenerator using composite polymeric films (CPFs), i.e., piezoelectric materials embedded in triboelectric polymers, has gained potential interest. The CPFs can provide a high relative permittivity and enhanced surface charge density, resulting in an enhanced electrical output. Herein, piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoflakes (ZnO‐NFs) were synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction process and combined with a nylon polymer to prepare a positive triboelectric composite film. Furthermore, a piezo/triboelectric hybrid nanogenerator (ZnO‐HNG) was fabricated with the prepared nylon/ZnO composite film as a positive triboelectric material and PDMS as a negative triboelectric material, respectively. The effect of the loading concentration of the ZnO‐NFs in the nylon polymer on the electrical output was systematically investigated. The optimized ZnO‐HNG exhibited a stable and enhanced electrical output performance with the voltage, current, charge density, and power density values of ≈300 V, ≈9 µA, ≈85 μC m−2, and ≈4.5 W m−2, respectively. Finally, the ZnO‐HNG was attached to the human body to harvest various mechanical motions involved in everyday human life and power various low‐power portable electronics.
Slow Energy Transfer in Self‐Doped β‐Conformation Film of Steric Polydiarylfluorenes toward Stable Dual Deep‐Blue Amplified Spontaneous Emission
Authors: Xu Man , Sun Lili , Wang Shengjie , Lin Jinyi , Yu Mengna , Wang Xuhua , Stavrinou Paul N. , Xie Linghai , Cheetham Nathan J. , Ding Xuehua , Bradley Donal D. C. , Huang Wei
Published: October 2021

Exciton behavior is crucial for improving the optoelectronic property of a light‐emitting conjugated polymer. Herein, the photoexcitation dynamics of exciton migration and energy transfer in a self‐doped β‐conformation film of the polydiarylfluorenes (poly[4‐(octyloxy)‐9,9‐diphenylfluoren‐2,7‐diyl]‐co‐[5‐(octyloxy)‐9,9‐ diphenylfluoren‐2,7‐diyl], PODPF) are demonstrated. Compared to the first generation of the β‐conformation polyfluorene, poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PFO), energy transfer occurs in PODPF β‐conformation films in a time period of ≈150 ps, much longer than those of the PFO ones (<5 ps), associated with the effective intrachain energy transfer (few hundred picoseconds), rather than interchain Förster energy transfer (a few picoseconds). Similar to PFO, the PODPF β‐conformation also displays well‐resolved vibronic emission peaks at 20 K, attributed to the planar and rigid conformation. Interestingly, a residual 0‐0 band emission of nonplanar conformation chain segments (435 nm, 2.85 eV) at 20 K also further confirms the exciton migration from the amorphous state to the β‐conformation domain in PODPF films. Therefore, the stable dual amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) behavior of the PODPF self‐doped films at 461 nm (2.69 eV) and 483 nm (2.57 eV), originates from the individual amorphous and β‐conformation domains.
Impurity‐Induced Robust Trionic Effect in Layered Violet Phosphorus
Authors: Li Yanyong , Cai Songhua , Lai Wai Kin , Wang Chenhao , Rogée Lukas , Zhuang Lyuchao , Zhai Lingling , Lin Shenghuang , Li Mingjie , Lau Shu Ping
Published: October 2021

Trionic effect is a vital excitonic physical phenomenon, which intensively affects the optical and optoelectronic properties of 2D materials. Violet phosphorus (VP) is another allotrope of elemental phosphorus with robust photoluminescence (PL) emission in the visible range. So far, experimental investigations of the excitonic behavior in VP are quite scarce. Herein, the evolution of the PL mechanism in synthesized VP crystals against the Ar+ plasma exposure is investigated with emphasis on a conversion from trion to exciton emission. The estimated trion binding energy of VP is ≈109 meV, relatively larger than common layered materials. By analyzing the chemical states and the atomic structures, the conversion mechanism is proposed as follows. The Ar+ plasma treatment reduces the stannous SnIP impurities’ population, which are incorporated into the VP lattices and serve as the n‐type dopants leading to the trion formation. Besides, various surface defects (POx) can promote the trion‐to‐exciton conversion by withdrawing electrons from VP in the process and act as hole‐trap centers to enhance the photodetection of VP phototransistors. This work reveals that the layered VP crystal can provide an ideal platform to study the excitonic physics and future trionic devices at the 2D limit.
1D Chiral Lead Halide Perovskites with Superior Second‐Order Optical Nonlinearity
Authors: Zheng Yongshen , Xu Jialiang , Bu Xian‐He
Published: October 2021

Chiral hybrid perovskites have shown great potential for applications in next‐generation optoelectronic devices. The intrinsic asymmetric structures of these chiral hybrid perovskites make them particularly promising for second‐order nonlinear optics (NLO). However, it remains still a challenge to obtain ideal perovskite NLO crystals featuring simultaneously large NLO coefficient, good optical transparency, high laser damage threshold, and stable physical and chemical properties, which are highly desirable for practical applications. Herein, a series is constructed of 1D chiral lead halide hybrid perovskites (R/S‐2‐MPD)PbX3 (2‐MPD = 2‐methylpiperidine; X = Cl, Br, I) featuring non‐centrosymmetric architectures. Among them, the (R/S‐2‐MPD)PbBr3 perovskites demonstrate superior performances in second‐order optical nonlinearity, including a large second‐harmonic generation coefficient (≈29.9 pm V–1), wide transparency region (λUV ≈ 310 nm), high laser damage threshold (≈2.84 mJ cm–2), high polarization ratio (up to 96%), and robust physical and chemical stabilities. Such a balanced performance of the chiral lead halide perovskites promises their advanced application in next‐generation photonics devices.
Parametric Analysis of Variable Stator Vane System in Gas Turbines Based on Cosimulation of its Refined Model and System Dynamic Performance Model
Authors: Jia Xingyun , Zhou Dengji , Huang Dawen , Xiao Wang , Xu Luyao , Hao Jiarui
Published: October 2021

The variable stator vane (VSV) system is a key component of gas turbine supercharged rotor components for anti‐surge, and its performance directly affects the working stability and economy of the gas turbine. The effect of the VSV system on the dynamic characteristics and control performance of the gas turbine cannot be known. Then a refined model of the VSV system refined to design parameters established and studied to explore the effect of gas turbine dynamic performance based on co‐simulation. The effects of key parameters on the performance of the gas turbine system are analyzed by embedding the refined VSV model into the engine model. The simulation results prove that servo amplifier gain, viscous friction coefficient and dead band are sensitive structural parameters that affect the dynamic performance of the gas turbines. In the proposed appropriate interval, the optimal sensitive parameters can reduce the overshoot and adjustment time by about 51% and 7%. The gain of the servo amplifier is positively correlated with the maximum opening of the VSV. When the dynamic performance of the control system has been exerted to its extreme, some nonlinear parameters of the actuator can greatly improve the overall performance of the complex system.
3D Porous Metallic Boron Carbide Crystal Structure with Excellent Ductility
Authors: Hussain Kashif , Muhammad Imran , Wu Wei , Qie Yu , Mahmood Tariq , Sun Qiang
Published: October 2021

It is well established that metal atoms can be used to regulate porosity in synthesis and porous structures can be obtained by removing metal atoms. Motivated by a recent synthesis of 2Sr@B6C6, it is found that when Sr atoms are removed, the resulting 3D porous BC structure (3D‐B6C6) with reduced symmetry is stable thermally, dynamically, and mechanically. More importantly, different from the widely studied semiconducting B‐rich boron carbides, the 3D‐B6C6 is metallic; And different from C‐rich boron carbides with high hardness and brittleness, the 3D‐B6C6 is found to be a novel 3D boron carbide crystal showing excellent ductility with Pugh's ratio of 2.24, low Vickers hardness of 8.66 GPa, and universal anisotropy index of 2.62. This study expands the boron carbides family with new features.
Flexible All‐Inorganic Room‐Temperature Chemiresistors Based on Fibrous Ceramic Substrate and Visible‐Light‐Powered Semiconductor Sensing Layer
Authors: Han Chaohan , Li Xiaowei , Liu Yu , Tang Yujing , Liu Mingzhuang , Li Xinghua , Shao Changlu , Ma Jiangang , Liu Yichun
Published: October 2021

As the most extensively used gas‐sensing devices, inorganic semiconductor chemiresistors are facing great challenges in realizing mechanical flexibility and room‐temperature gas detection for developing next‐generation wearable sensing devices. Herein, for the first time, flexible all‐inorganic yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/In2O3/graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) (ZIC) gas sensor is designed by employing YSZ nanofibers as substrate, and ultrathin In2O3/g‐C3N4 heterostructures as active sensing layer. The YSZ substrate possesses small nanofiber diameter (310 nm), ultrafine grain size (23.9 nm), and abundant dangling bonds, endowing it with striking mechanical flexibility and strong adhesion with In2O3/g‐C3N4 sensing layer. Meanwhile, the ultrathin thickness (≈7 nm) of In2O3/g‐C3N4 ensures that the inorganic sensing layer has tiny linear strain along with the deformation of flexible YSZ substrate, thereby enabling unusual bending capacity. To address the operating temperature issue, the gas sensor is operated by using a visible‐light‐powered strategy. Under visible‐light illumination, the flexible ZIC sensor exhibits a perfectly reversible response/recovery dynamic process and ultralow detection limit of 50 ppb to toxic nitrogen dioxide at room temperature. This work not only provides an insight into the mechanical flexibility of inorganic materials, but also offers a valuable reference for developing other flexible inorganic‐semiconductor‐based room‐temperature gas sensors.
MnCo2S4‐CoS1.097 Heterostructure Nanotubes as High Efficiency Cathode Catalysts for Stable and Long‐Life Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries Under High Current Conditions
Authors: Xia Qing , Zhao Lanling , Zhang Zhijia , Wang Jun , Li Deyuan , Han Xue , Zhou Zhaorui , Long Yuxin , Dang Feng , Zhang Yiming , Chou Shulei
Published: October 2021

Constructing the heterostructures is considered to be one of the most effective methods to improve the poor electrical conductivity and insufficient electrocatalytic properties of metal sulfide catalysts. In this work, MnCo2S4‐CoS1.097 nanotubes are successfully prepared via a reflux‐ hydrothermal process. This novel cathode catalyst delivers high discharge/charge specific capacities of 21 765/21 746 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 and good rate capability. In addition, a favorable cycling stability with a fixed specific capacity of 1000 mAh g−1 at high current density of 1000 mA g−1 (167 cycles) and 2000 mA g−1 (57 cycles) are delivered. It is proposed that fast transmission of ions and electrons accelerated by the built‐in electric field, multiple active sites from the heterostructure, and nanotube architecture with large specific surface area are responsible for the superior electrochemical performance. To some extent, the rational design of this heterostructured metal sulfide catalyst provides guidance for the development of the stable and efficient cathode catalysts for Li‐O2 batteries that can be employed under high current conditions.
Enhancement of Interfacial Polarization in BaTiO3 Thin Films via Oxygen Inhomogeneity
Authors: Li Zhipeng , Zhang Zeyu , Liu Jia , Zhu Ruixue , Ge Binghui , Li Yueliang , Zhang Xin , Gao Peng , Wang Dawei , Xu Xiaoguang , Tian Wenhuai , Jiang Yong
Published: October 2021

Enhancement of interfacial ferroelectricity is crucial for the development of nanoscale ferroelectric devices, such high density and nonvolatile memory. Although the epitaxial strain can lead to improved properties, the limited choices of substrates and strain relaxation have hindered the further tuning of ferroelectricity by strain engineering. To overcome this limitation, the interaction between polarization and defects is regarded as a potential route to enhance the interfacial polarization. Here, a universal method to achieve a polarization‐enhanced interface by tuning the distribution of oxygen in lead‐free BaTiO3 films is demonstrated. The interfacial phase processes largely increased c‐axis lattice constant, tetragonality, and about 100% increasement of Ti atom displacement near interface within thickness of 8 unit cells, suggesting enhancement of spontaneous polarization up to 70 μC cm‐2. The gradient distribution of oxygen along c‐axis is also revealed. In addition, the first‐principle Monte Carlo simulation of the tetragonality and polarization support the experimental results. It is suggested that the inhomogeneity of oxygen and interfacial charges could induce an electric field and further enhance the interfacial polarization. This work provides a new route of utilizing the oxygen distribution to engineer the ferroelectrics and paves the way for the development of nanoscale ferroelectric devices.
Multimodal Approach towards Large Area Fully Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Module
Authors: Rai Monika , Yuan Zhengtian , Sadhu Anupam , Leow Shin Woei , Etgar Lioz , Magdassi Shlomo , Wong Lydia Helena
Published: October 2021

Significant advancements in the perovskite solar cells/modules (PSCs/PSMs) toward better operational stability and large area scalability have recently been reported. However, semitransparent (ST), high efficiency, and large area PSMs are still not well explored and require attention to realize their application in building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). This work employs multiple synergistic strategies to improve the quality and stability of the ST perovskite film while ensuring high transparency. Europium ions, doped in the perovskite, are found to suppress the generation of detrimental species like elemental Pb and I, resulting in higher atmospheric stability. The effect of the top transparent contact is designed to obtain an average visible transparency (AVT) of >20% for full device and a green colored hue. Lastly, the lower current density due to the thinner ST absorber is enhanced by the application of a down‐converting phosphor material which harvests low energy photons and inhibits UV‐induced degradation. This multimodal approach renders a power conversion efficiency of 12% under dim light conditions and 9.5% under 1 sun illumination, respectively, on 21 cm2 ST‐PSM.
Simple Nonfused Ring Electron Acceptors with 3D Network Packing Structure Boosting the Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells to 15.44%
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Lu Hao , Liu Yahui , Zhang Andong , Yu Na , Wang Hang , Li Song , Zhou Yuanyuan , Xu Xinjun , Tang Zheng , Bo Zhishan
Published: October 2021

Three nonfused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs; 2Th‐2F, BTh‐Th‐2F, and 2BTh‐2F) with thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene bearing two bis(4‐butylphenyl)amino substituents as the core, 3‐octylthiophene or 3‐octylthieno[3,2‐b]thiophene as the spacer, and 3‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐5,6‐difluoro‐1‐indanone as the terminal group are designed and synthesized. The molar extinction coefficient of acceptors and the electron mobility of blend films gradually increase with increasing π‐conjugation length. Moreover, 2BTh‐2F displays a planar molecular conformation assisted by S···N and S···O intramolecular interactions. More importantly, the molecular stacking changes from 2D packing for the 2Th‐2F analog to 3D network packing for 2BTh‐2F. Due to these comprehensive merits, 2BTh‐2F:PBDB‐T‐based organic solar cells give a high power conversion efficiency of 14.53%. More impressively, when D18 is used as the donor polymer, the power conversion efficiency is further enhanced to 15.44%, which is the highest value reported for solar cells based on NFREAs.
A new phylogeny of the cladoxylopsid plexus: contribution of an early cladoxylopsid from the Lower Devonian (Emsian) of Quebec
Authors: Durieux Thibault , Lopez Madeleine A. , Bronson Allison W. , Tomescu Alexandru M. F.
Published: October 2021

Premise

Cladoxylopsids formed Earth's earliest forests and gave rise to the ancestors of sphenopsids and ferns. Lower Devonian (Emsian) strata of the Battery Point Formation (Quebec, Canada) contain new anatomically preserved cladoxylopsids, one of which is described in this article. To assess the phylogenetic position of this fossil and address questions of cladoxylopsid phylogeny, we conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic study.

Methods

Permineralized axes were studied in serial sections using the cellulose acetate peel technique. We evaluated phylogenetic relationships among cladoxylopsids using a data set of 36 new morphological characters and 31 species, in parsimony‐constrained analyses.

Results

We describe Adelocladoxis praecox gen. et sp. nov., a cladoxylopsid with small actinostelic axes bearing dichotomously branched, helically arranged ultimate appendages and fusiform sporangia. Adelocladoxis provides the oldest evidence of cladoxylopsid anatomy, including ultimate appendages and sporangia. In agreement with non‐phylogenetic classification schemes, our phylogenetic analysis resolves a basal grade of iridopterids and a clade of cladoxylopsids s.s., which includes a pseudosporochnalean cladoxylopsid clade, a cladoxylalean cladoxylopsid clade, and Adelocladoxis.

Conclusions

Our phylogenetic analysis illuminates aspects of tempo and mode of evolution in the cladoxylopsid plexus. Originating prior to the Emsian, cladoxylopsids reached global distribution by the Frasnian. Iridopterids and cladoxylopsids s.s. radiated in the Emsian‐Eifelian. The sequence of character change recovered by our phylogeny supports a transition from actinostelic protosteles to dissected steles, associated with an increase in xylem rib number and medullation generating a central parenchymatous area.
New mixed ligand copper(II) hydrazone‐based complexes: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, DNA/RNA/BSA binding, in vitro anticancer, apoptotic activity, and cell cycle analysis
Authors: Elsayed Shadia A. , Elnabky Islam M. , di Biase Armando , El‐Hendawy Ahmed M.
Published: October 2021

Four new mixed ligand copper(II) complexes with the general formula [Cu(L)(B)]n (1)–(4) (H2L = dehydroacetic acid benzoyl hydrazone Schiff base, B = H2O (1), DMSO (2), imidazole (imz) (3), n = 1) or pyridine (py) (4), n = 2) were synthesized. Characterization was performed by elemental analyses, FTIR, 1H NMR, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), ESI‐mass, and UV–visible) spectroscopy, together with magnetic susceptibility and molar conductivity measurements. The molecular structure of (2) and (4) complexes was investigated by X‐ray crystallography. The ligand behaves as a di‐basic tridentate ONO donor, coordinating to copper(II) center via deprotonated hydroxyl group, azomethine nitrogen, and deprotonated amide oxygen in a square planar (1)–(3) /square pyramidal geometry (4). The intercalation binding mode of the compounds with calf thymus DNA (ct DNA) and yeast (tRNA) and strong static interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein have been evaluated by absorption and emission spectroscopy. Further, in vitro cytotoxic activity of the compounds was examined on three human cancer cell lines; breast cancer (MCF7), colon cancer (HCT116), liver cancer (HepG2), and a normal lung fibroblast cell line (WI38) using cisplatin as a standard. Based on IC50 and therapeutic indices (TI), complexes (3) and (4) showed better activity than that of cisplatin. So both complexes were subjected for further studies viz, DNA fragmentation, cell apoptosis (annexin), and cell cycle analysis. They induced DNA fragmentation, and the HCT116 and HePG2 cell death were induced using (3) and (4) complexes, respectively, by apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase.
Forcespun polyvinylpyrrolidone/copper and polyethylene oxide/copper composite fibers and their use as antibacterial agents
Authors: Hasan Md Toukir , Gonzalez Ramiro , Munoz Ari Alexis , Materon Luis , Parsons Jason G. , Alcoutlabi Mataz
Published: October 2021

Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) embedded in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) fiber‐matrices were prepared through centrifugal spinning of PVP/ethanol and PEO/aqueous solutions, respectively. The prime focus of the current study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of composite fibers against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) bacteria. During the fiber formation, the centrifugal spinning parameters such as spinneret rotational speed, spinneret to collector distance, and relative humidity were carefully chosen to obtain long and continuous fibers. The structural and morphological analyses of both composite fibers were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. In the antibacterial test, PVP/Cu and PEO/Cu composite fibrous membranes exhibited inhibition efficiency of 99.98% and 99.99% against E. coli and B. cereus bacteria, respectively. Basically, CuNPs were well embedded in the fibrous membrane at the nanoscale level, which facilitated the inhibition of bacterial functions through the inactivation of the chemical structure of the cells. Such an effective antibacterial agent obtained from forcespun composite fibers could be promising candidates for biomedical applications.
Sodium alginate/chitosan/glyphosate superabsorbent bio‐foam as a release system for herbicide
Authors: Melo da Costa Marcia Parente , Rabelo Kíssila , Ferreira Ivana Lourenço de Mello , Cruz Maurício Tavares de Macedo
Published: October 2021

This work presents a prepare method of a bio‐foam constituted by sodium alginate, chitosan (CH), and glyphosate to form a material to be applied in controlled release of herbicide. It was investigated the influence of mixture pH on the bio‐foam physicochemical properties. Kinetic studies of glyphosate adsorption and release were performed. The interactions between the polysaccharides and the herbicide were also investigated. The bio‐foams were evaluated for their mechanical and morphological properties. All samples presented swelling degree above 1000%. The bio‐foam prepared at pH 6 presented a higher compression resistance and provided the higher herbicide adsorption. The bio‐foam was able to control the release of glyphosate. The release kinetics reached equilibrium state after 30 days, during which cumulative release was approximately 90%. Confocal microscopy images showed the preferential interaction of glyphosate with the CH molecules in bio‐foam. This work presents a new perspective for polysaccharide systems, enabling new high‐performance agricultural applications.
Effect of ionic liquids on thermomechanical properties of polyetheretherketone‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites
Authors: Ahmad Aqeel , Mansor Nurlidia , Mahmood Hamayoun , Iqbal Tanveer , Moniruzzaman Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) nanocomposites with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a nanofiller have emerged as a potential alternative in biomedical applications. However, the effective dispersion of MWCNTs in PEEK matrices is still challenging due to the low compatibility of the MWCNTs with the polymer phase. This article investigates the effect of two ionic liquids (ILs) at different concentrations on thermomechanical properties of PEEK/MWCNTs composites. MWCNTs are modified with various concentrations (0.5–2 wt%) of IL[EMIM]Ac (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate) and IL[BMIM]HSO4(1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate), and nanocomposite sheets were prepared by melt‐mixing and thermal pressing methods. Optical and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy micrographs studies confirmed the homogeneous dispersion of IL‐modified MWCNTs in PEEK. Results of nanoindentation and mechanical properties showed the superior mechanical strength of nanocomposites prepared by 1 wt% IL compared to samples prepared without IL. PEEK/MWCNTs nanocomposites containing 1 wt% IL provided 37% higher elastic modulus than that of non‐IL nanocomposites. ILs based PEEK/MWCNTs nanocomposites exhibited maximum degradation temperature. Thermal degradation kinetics of nanocomposites as modelled by the Coats‐Redfern approach indicated the higher activation energy of PEEK/MWCNTs/IL composites. The reported approach for PEEK/MWCNTs nanocomposites fabrication could be potential for promising biomedical applications.