bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Differential Effects of Service-Learning on Students’ Sense of Belonging: Does Social Class Matter?
Authors: Soria Krista M. , Hufnagle Ashley S. , Lopez Hurtado Isabel , Do Tai
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the study discussed in this article was to investigate the differential effects of service- learning experiences on students’ sense of belonging based on students’ social-class background. We utilized Student Experience in the Research University (SERU) survey data from eight large public research universities and propensity score matching to construct matched pairs of students who did (and did not) complete service-learning. The results suggest that service-learning courses had significant positive effects on lower/working-class students’ sense of belonging but no effects on middle-/upper-class students’ sense of belonging.
Ethics of Access: Provocative Impacts of K-12 Service-Learning and Civic Engagement Policy
Authors: Saal Leah Katherine , Sulentic Dowell Margaret-Mary , Meidl Tynisha D.
Published: January 2022

In K-12 settings, civic engagement curricula and service-learning hold promise for developing the agency and capacity of marginalized youth, their families, and their communities to effectively address self-identified needs. Yet, ethical issues of access around educator preparation, both teacher preparation and counselor preparation, and subsequent student participation exist even where state- level policy dictates civic engagement’s use. In this multi-case study, three engaged scholars/teacher educators share three distinct cases, each focusing on a specific state’s policy positions on civic engagement, including service-learning, in the U.S. K-12 context. Each case is discussed as either a bifurcation (divergence) or dichotomy (contradiction) of policy within the context of teacher preparation/practice. Further, each case’s impact on K-12 students’ potential access to participation in service-learning/community engagement initiatives is outlined. A cross-case analysis revealed that K- 12 service-learning/civic engagement policy exhibits a large degree of disparity within the quintain, which, as defined by Stake (2006), is the complexity across the bounds of multi-case-study research.
Faculty and Student Immersion in Community: A Review of Building Bridges: Community and University Partnerships in East St. Louis
Authors: Burton Carol
Published: January 2022

Community engagement success in higher education is measured by the degree of reciprocity, level of mutual trust and respect, and achievement of identified outcomes for the community partner(s) and the university or college. Building Bridges: Community and University Partnerships in East St. Louis provides one of the best examples of the essential elements of a successful revitalization effort in which key student learning opportunities and faculty leadership merge with resident commitment, knowledge, and patience to address one of the most compelling issues of our time, the re-development of legacy cities. The book depicts elements of place-based education and participatory planning that result in community changes that successfully incorporate diverse histories, cultures, social structures, beliefs, traditions, and behaviors to meet community needs.
Improving Academic–Community Partnerships: A Case Study of a Project Investigating Attitudes about Diversity
Authors: Bartel Jeffrey S. , Droppa David C. , Wood Geoffrey L.
Published: January 2022

This case study describes a process evaluation of a successful academic–community research partnership that measured attitudes about diversity in a southwestern Pennsylvania county. While this is the first case study based on a process evaluation with an outside facilitator, the authors summarize three previous case studies of academic–community research partnerships. In keeping with previous literature, the authors focus on three primary areas: factors that promote partnership success, factors that hinder partnership success, and frameworks for successful partnerships. For each of these three areas, the authors summarize the literature, detail their own experiences, and note ways that their research contributes to knowledge of such partnerships. The authors include lessons learned and suggestions intended to benefit those who engage in similar academic–community relationships.
Introduction to IJRSLCE, 7(1): Pursuing Scholarly Inquiry to Inform and Improve Community Engagement Practice in K–12 and Higher Education
Authors: Bowen Glenn A. , Hurd Clayton A.
Published: January 2022

Service-learning and community engagement (SLCE) practitioner–scholars are interested in civic-mindedness and students’ self-efficacy, reciprocal partnerships, and community well-being. Increasingly, scholars are paying attention to diversity, equity, and inclusion in higher education. This issue of the International Journal of Research on Service-Learning and Community Engagement (IJRSLCE) contains articles on those topics and related issues. Articles include an exploration of the community engagement experiences of college students with minoritized sexual and gender identities; an analysis of the service-learning experiences of Asian immigrant high school students; an examination of teacher preparation for work with persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities; and a discussion of a host community’s experiences with international service-learning. Taken together, the articles demonstrate systematic inquiry and critical reflection that could inform and improve community engagement practice in K–12 and higher education.
Satellite Data for Structural Monitoring of Historical Building: The Temple of Minerva Medica in Rome
Authors: Sabbà Maria Francesca , Lerna Michela , Diaferio Mariella , Foti Dora
Published: January 2022

The Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry is a remote sensing technique to acquire deformation velocity and displacement time-series of large territorial areas. The aim of this work is to develop operational methodologies that allow to assess the structures conservation state by integrating information from traditional monitoring systems with the remote sensing application, in order to monitor permanently structures and infrastructure with a historical relevance and developing specific maintenance programs. It is verified that this processing technique is an adequate tool, even in real-time, to monitor any damage or potential critical issues in the case of exceptional events such as earthquakes or landslides. The case study is the Temple of Minerva Medica in Rome, a masonry building characterized by an important historical-artistic value. The data-analysis shows as the use of satellite monitoring can be a valid tool for the structural safety, allowing to identify a vulnerability map of archaeological sites and historical buildings. The data interferometric processing was carried out using a Graphic Information System (GIS) software.
Using a Multimethod Approach to Define an Urban Farming Network to Oporto Metropolitan Area
Authors: Loures Luís , Pereira Ana , Castanho Rui Alexandre
Published: January 2022

The multi-functionality inherent to the concept of Urban Agriculture (UA) can be associated with a recreational occupation, a method of overcoming financial distress, and a requalification of the landscape. However, urban development and the poor implementation of urban planning policies resulted in the loss of agricultural land and the emergence of residual and interstitial empty spaces within our cities. This article uses a case study of urban agriculture in Oporto City, as a guiding principle to recover and re-establish the continuous productive urban landscape. This paper expands on the currently existing urban planning policies. It establishes new ones, which strive for the protection and the insertion of the continuous productive urban landscape in urban design while regarding the urban/agricultural dichotomy and ensuring the occurrence of its processes, flows, and systems. This article defines urban agriculture as a method for the reliable integration of urban agriculture into urban space planning. The case draws on research in Oporto, focusing on the recovering of the ancient rural ring. This idea is based on recent and historical arguments to support the advantages of retrieving and introducing urban agriculture into open urban space. The paper concludes with a newly defined urban farming network in Oporto, which focuses on connecting these rural areas within the city with the rural areas outside the city.
The Method of Network Intrusion Detection Based on Descriptive Statistics Model and Logistic Model
Authors: Du Boya , Deng Fei
Published: January 2022

In order to improve the efficiency of network intrusion detection, we want to find simpler models and detection rules, so we research the network intrusion detection with the descriptive statistics model and Logistic model. We pay attention to the features law about discrete distribution and concentrated distribution, and answer the question, which is better of relative optimal results between the descriptive statistics model and Logistic model. Firstly, for finding the features law about discrete distribution and concentrated distribution, we analysis the netflows with every feature. In this situation, the satisfactory accuracy can be given. Secondly, considering the redundant information with principal component analysis, the principal components are used as new variables to establish the logistic model. Using confusion matrix and ROC curve, the optimal cutting value and the corresponding accuracy can be obtained. Finally, by the experiments and evaluation with dataset CIC-IDS2017, the descriptive statistics model is the optimal model, which the corresponding accuracy rate is 99.93%.
Revision of the genera Leptopus and Notoleptopus (Phyllanthaceae) in Malesia
Authors: de Manuel Martin B. , van Welzen P.C.
Published: January 2022

A revision of Leptopus and Notoleptopus (Phyllanthaceae tribe Poranthereae) in Malesia is presented. Both genera are present with a single species in Malesia, L. australis and N. decasnei, respectively. Phylogenetically the two genera are distinct,
but morphologically their differences are minimal. Nomenclature, descriptions, distributions and various notes are presented, just as a technical drawing of both species.
Diffusion Mechanism of Poly (N-cyclohexyl acrylamide -co-Acrylamide / [3- (Methacryloylamino) propyl] trimethylammonium chloride) Hydrogels
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Muthurangam Government Arts College,  Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University,Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, Vimala P , Brundha B A ,   Department of chemistry, Veltech Hightech  Dr.Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering college, Avadi, Chennai-600062, India, Kayalvizhy E ,   Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women,  Coimbatore-641004, Affiliated to Bharathiar University, India., Pazhanisamy P ,   Department of Chemistry, Sir Theagaraya College,  Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai-600021, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: January 2022

In the present study, 3-(Methacryloylaminopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride, acrylamide and N-cyclohexylacrylamide monomeric unit containing hydrogels were synthesized by free radical copolymerization using MBA as cross-linker APS as initiator in methanol/water medium at 600C. The synthesized hydrogel was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The XRD analysis indicated that the hydrogel exhibited more amorphous and less crystalline in nature. SEM analysis showed sponge like morphology. TGA analysis showed double stage decomposition and stability up to 270OC. The swelling behavior of hydrogels increased with increasing amount of MPTMACl content. At higher content of MPTMACl, the swelling rate decreased due to the extent of cross linking occurring during the synthesis of hydrogel. The effect of temperature on swelling increases with increasing temperature up to 30OC and then decreased due to reduction in segmental mobility of polymeric chain at higher temperature.
Pelatihan Mendeley Sebagai Manajemen Referensi bagi Mahasiswa
Authors: Wuryandini Ayu Rakhma , Pakaya Lukman , Hartana Kadek
Published: January 2022

The objectives of this service activity are: 1) To increase the knowledge of the participants, namely students, the importance of the Mendeley application as a reference management of library resources in research. 2) To improve the ability of the participants, namely students, to be able to operate the Mendeley application properly and correctly. The stages of work carried out by the implementing team in this community service program are providing training and providing assistance in managing reference sources of libraries in scientific works and being able to operate the Mendeley application properly and correctly. This activity was attended by 7th (seven) students of the Faculty of Economics, majoring in Accounting, UNG, who were preparing proposals and theses. The expected result of this service program is that it can improve the skills of students as young researchers to manage references to library sources or citations so that the writings in scientific works are presented properly and correctly in accordance with the procedures for writing scientific papers that are applied.
Pembinaan Keterampilan Produktif Sebagai Upaya Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Membangun
Authors: Isa Abd. Hamid , Anu Zulkarnain
Published: January 2022

The development village paradigm allows villagers to determine their own development priorities and visions because the decisions are made in village deliberations. Another advantage of the village development movement is that rural communities are encouraged to be independent in formulating their steps to build village welfare. Residents also become much more enthusiastic about carrying out the development of their village because they have the right and authority to determine what their village needs. The Thematic Community Service Program by LPPM UNG in 2021 is oriented to improve the quality of the number of UNG lecturers who have been implemented and are able to be efficient for the community according to the mission of the Ministry of Villages PDTT (1) Accelerating sustainable rural and rural development; (2) Develop the economy and investment in Villages and Rural Areas, Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration areas. The development of productive skills for rural communities in coastal areas is one of the strategic programs to support the implementation of Thematic Community Service Program. This is important because the coastal area is a priority program for universities to intervene both in terms of educational policies and efforts to accelerate economic resilience which has an impact on increasing income and welfare of the community. The target of developing productive skills for coastal communities through the Thematic Community Service Program is to participate with village communities to provide support for productive skills, especially for people in need as an educational effort on the one hand, and as an alternative solution to developing skills that have economic value to meet the needs of increasing income. and the quality of life of rural communities on the other hand. The achievements of this activity are the implementation of the development of productive skills of the target community, among others, (1) Development and training of tourism awareness groups, (2) BUMDES management, (3) the use of organic waste, (4) training on processed fish products of Sunglir (sulo-sulo), ( 5) katinting machine maintenance skills, and (6) IT public relations training for youth organizations. The level of community participation in this activity is relatively good, it is recommended that such a program be continued as an effort to empower the community to be able to manage their potential independently which in turn can create high efficiency for village development.
Rancang Bangun Website Sekolah Untuk Peningkatan Kapasitas Sekolah Dasar Negeri Menjadi Sekolah Adiwiyata, Terakreditasi dan Role Model Di Balikpapan Tengah
Authors: Ihsan Ihsan , Yanti Nur , Lesmideyarti Dwi
Published: January 2022

The world of education, from elementary school to university levels, is required to be able to adapt to the progress of science and technology that is growing so rapidly, especially in the field of information. And the current state of the Covid-19 pandemic requires every institution to help reduce the number of its spread. One of the lines of society affected by COVID-19 is schools, especially elementary schools that do not yet have school website facilities as a medium of information to the public. In this community service activity, the implementing team designed the website for the SDN 020 Central Balikpapan school as a partner. The problems faced by partners are the location of schools that are not strategically located in the Central Balikpapan area, not having informative media for various aspects of interest, the existence of an online PPDB policy from the Education Office to suppress the spread of Covid19, To overcome these problems, SDN 020 Central Balikpapan must have websites. The benefits of online PPDB activities can be carried out so that parents do not need to go to school during registration, can meet the requirements as an Adiwiyata school, and can facilitate the achievement of school accreditation. The method of implementing community service activities by the team consists of building communication with partners, designing school websites, providing training on the use of websites in the form of filling out content and managing databases, implementing websites in schools, socializing school websites to the community, maintaining and repairing websites after implementation. This series of community service activities is planned for a maximum of 8 months. The service activity took place successfully and could help school operators in data processing and selecting prospective students easily and quickly
Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Petani Melalui Pemanfaatan Buah Kelapa sebagai Bahan Baku yang diolah Menjadi Produk Kue dan Aneka Cemilan
Authors: Tatura Lydia Surijani , Idji Berni , Pratiwi Niniek
Published: January 2022

This program aims to develop village potential during the Covid-19 pandemic. In increasing coconut commodities' economic value, coconut fruits as raw materials are processed into a delicious and nutritious cake and snack products that have selling value. Coconut farmers and the community generally use coconut fruit in the form of copra and cooking oil. The production uses traditional tools and raw materials that are sold on the traditional markets. The program is held in Londoun Village, Popayato Timur District, Pohuwato RegencyThe method used in this program is counseling and training for the community. With the flow of activities, namely preparation and debriefing of KKN students, then continued with implementation, namely counseling and training for the community. With community participation, it is expected to generate new ideas in processing coconut fruit for the sustainability of this program.
Environmental risk assessment: review and systematization of methodology and methodical support
Authors: Tulupov Alexandr
Published: January 2022

Modern trends in social development transform environmental pollution risk into a fundamental category without which economic activity is impossible. In essence, the environmental risk indicator is on a par with such important economic categories as profit, cost, profitability, gross domestic or regional product, etc. At the same time, let us pay attention to a variety of approaches existing in the world practice for assessing environmental risks and their components (contamination likelihood and environmental harm) together with multifaceted specifics of economic entities activities. All these require a systemic consideration of methodological principles and methodological support, identifying the problems and areas in improving the applied calculation tools. The purpose of the study is to review the world experience in terms of methodology and methodological support of environmental risk assessment. The research methods incorporate environmental and economic analysis, content analysis, information modeling. The key findings of the study highlight the shortcomings and contradictions in understanding and assessing environmental risk, develop a broad systemological classification of the types and characteristics of environmental risks methodology, streamline and methodological support of these risks and show the directions to improve the assessment approaches. The scope of application encompasses environmental audit and expertise, eco-insurance, as well as regulatory
documents of ministries (RF Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, RF Ministry of Health, the Moscow Region Ministry of Ecology and Nature Management) and departments (Rostekhnadzor, Rosprirodnadzor, Rospotrebnadzor, Rosvodresursy, Rosleskhoz, Rosnedra, etc.), scientific and educational publications on environmental risk assessment.
Determination of IgG and IgM against COVID- 19 for Recovered Patients at Different Intervals and by Different Techniques
Authors: Al- Hadidi Enas , Al-Tobje Mahmood
Published: January 2022

The research aimed to determine the concentrations of IgG and IgM antibodies for different intervals after recovery from Covid-19, namely 4, 6 and 8 months; the research also aimed to identify the accordance between two types of immunity techniques used to identify the existence of antibodies. The results showed the existence of IgG antibodies with a percentage of (94.03%), and IgM antibodies with a percentage of 55.22% in individuals under study when using ELISA technique. The percentages of these antibodies were (86.56%) for IgG and (16.42%) for IgM when using Rapid test cassette in diagnosis; the matching was 67% between the two methods. Samples of the control group also showed the presence of IgG and IgM with percentages of 68% and 88% respectively.The average concentrations of IgG antibodies were 33.05, 43.21 and 37.53 after 4, 6 and 8 months after infection respectively; the peak was at the 6th month after infection. The averages of IgM were 14.45, 18.52 and 19.18 after 4, 6 and 8 months of being infected respectively; the peak was at the 8th month after infection.
A Stylistic Exploration of Headlines in Ghanaian Newspaper Editorials
Authors: Gyimah Manu James , Awuttey Wisdom Mawuli , Freitas Philip Kwame
Published: January 2022

Considering the role of newspaper editorials in shaping the opinions of the public on matters of national interest, the present study was carried out to explore how newspaper editorial headlines are constructed and packaged. A bottom-up stylistics approach was employed to ascertain some stylistic strategies or features in the headlines. It was revealed that Ghanaian editors employ several linguistic forms to trigger presuppositions and also use language devices or figures in order to affect the opinions of their readers, shape their understanding, and increase their interest to read the main text. The paper concludes that newspaper editorial headlines are not written arbitrarily but are carefully constructed to pack the greatest number of meanings in a small space. This study contributes to the existing knowledge in media discourse and stylistics in general. It presents headlines as independent text types which can be used as case studies in language classrooms to help students appreciate the application of language or literary concepts.

Keywords: Newspaper, editorial, headline, style and stylistics.
An Accurate 3D Analytic Model for Exoplanetary Photometry, Radial Velocity, and Astrometry
Authors: Judkovsky Yair , Ofir Aviv , Aharonson Oded
Published: January 2022

We developed and provide AnalyticLC, a novel analytic method and code implementation for dynamical modeling of planetary systems, including non-coplanar interactions, based on a disturbing function expansion to fourth order in eccentricities and inclinations. AnalyticLC calculates the system dynamics in 3D and the resulting model light-curve, radial-velocity, and astrometry signatures, enabling simultaneous fitting of these data. We show that for a near-resonant chain of three planets, where the two super-periods are close to each other, the TTVs of the pair-wise interactions cannot be directly summed to give the full system TTVs because the super-periods themselves resonate. We derive the simultaneous three planets correction and include it in AnalyticLC. We compare the model computed by AnalyticLC to synthetic data generated by an N-body integrator, and evaluate its accuracy. Depending on the maximal order of expansion terms kept, AnalyticLC computation time can be up to an order of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art published N-body integrator TTVFast, with a smaller enhancement seen at higher order. The advantage increases for long-term observations as our approach’s computation time does not depend on the time span of the data. Depending on the system parameters, the photometric accuracy is typically a few ppm, significantly smaller than Kepler’s and other observatories’ typical data uncertainty. Our highly efficient and accurate implementation allows full inversion of a large number of observed systems for planetary physical and orbital parameters, presented in a companion paper.
An Efficient Method for Fitting Radiation-mediated Shocks to Gamma-Ray Burst Data: The Kompaneets RMS Approximation
Authors: Samuelsson Filip , Lundman Christoffer , Ryde Felix
Published: January 2022

Shocks that occur below a gamma-ray burst (GRB) jet photosphere are mediated by radiation. Such radiation-mediated shocks (RMSs) could be responsible for shaping the prompt GRB emission. Although well studied theoretically, RMS models have not yet been fitted to data owing to the computational cost of simulating RMSs from first principles. Here we bridge the gap between theory and observations by developing an approximate method capable of accurately reproducing radiation spectra from mildly relativistic (in the shock frame) or slower RMSs, called the Kompaneets RMS approximation (KRA). The approximation is based on the similarities between thermal Comptonization of radiation and the bulk Comptonization that occurs inside an RMS. We validate the method by comparing simulated KRA radiation spectra to first-principle radiation hydrodynamics simulations, finding excellent agreement both inside the RMS and in the RMS downstream. The KRA is then applied to a shock scenario inside a GRB jet, allowing for fast and efficient fitting to GRB data. We illustrate the capabilities of the developed method by performing a fit to a nonthermal spectrum in GRB 150314A. The fit allows us to uncover the physical properties of the RMS responsible for the prompt emission, such as the shock speed and the upstream plasma temperature.
The Uncertain Future of Massive Binaries Obscures the Origin of LIGO/Virgo Sources
Authors: Belczynski K. , Romagnolo A. , Olejak A. , Klencki J. , Chattopadhyay D. , Stevenson S. , Coleman Miller M. , Lasota J.-P. , Crowther Paul A.
Published: January 2022

The LIGO/Virgo gravitational-wave observatories have detected at least 50 double black hole (BH) coalescences. This sample is large enough to have allowed several recent studies to draw conclusions about the implied branching ratios between isolated binaries versus dense stellar clusters as the origin of double BHs. It has also led to the exciting suggestion that the population is highly likely to contain primordial BHs. Here we demonstrate that such conclusions cannot yet be robust because of the large current uncertainties in several key aspects of binary stellar evolution. These include the development and survival of a common envelope, the mass and angular-momentum loss during binary interactions, mixing in stellar interiors, pair-instability mass loss, and supernova outbursts. Using standard tools such as the rapid population synthesis codes StarTrack and COMPAS and the detailed stellar evolution code MESA, we examine as a case study the possible future evolution of Melnick 34, the most massive known binary star system (with initial component masses of 144 M
⊙ and 131 M
⊙). We show that, despite its fairly well-known orbital architecture, various assumptions regarding stellar and binary physics predict a wide variety of outcomes: from a close BH–BH binary (which would lead to a potentially detectable coalescence), through a wide BH–BH binary (which might be seen in microlensing observations), or a Thorne–Żytkow object, to a complete disruption of both objects by a pair-instability supernova. Thus, because the future of massive binaries is inherently uncertain, sound predictions about the properties of BH–BH systems formed in the isolated binary evolution scenario are highly challenging at this time. Consequently, it is premature to draw conclusions about the formation channel branching ratios that involve isolated binary evolution for the LIGO/Virgo BH–BH merger population.
Periodic Variable Stars Modulated by Time-varying Parameters
Authors: Motta Giovanni , Soto Darlin , Catelan Márcio
Published: January 2022

Many astrophysical phenomena are time-varying, in the sense that their brightness changes over time. In the case of periodic stars, previous approaches assumed that changes in period, amplitude, and phase are well described by either parametric or piecewise-constant functions. With this paper, we introduce a new mathematical model for the description of the so-called modulated light curves, as found in periodic variable stars that exhibit smoothly time-varying parameters such as amplitude, frequency, and/or phase. Our model accounts for a smoothly time-varying trend and a harmonic sum with smoothly time-varying weights. In this sense, our approach is flexible because it avoids restrictive assumptions (parametric or piecewise-constant) about the functional form of the trend and amplitudes. We apply our methodology to the light curve of a pulsating RR Lyrae star characterized by the Blazhko effect. To estimate the time-varying parameters of our model, we develop a semi-parametric method for unequally spaced time series. The estimation of our time-varying curves translates into the estimation of time-invariant parameters that can be performed by ordinary least squares, with the following two advantages: modeling and forecasting can be implemented in a parametric fashion, and we are able to cope with missing observations. To detect serial correlation in the residuals of our fitted model, we derive the mathematical definition of the spectral density for unequally spaced time series. The proposed method is designed to estimate smoothly time-varying trends and amplitudes, as well as the spectral density function of the errors. We provide simulation results and applications to real data.
Evidence for Centrifugal Breakout around the Young M Dwarf TIC 234284556
Authors: Palumbo Elsa K. , Montet Benjamin T. , Feinstein Adina D. , Bouma Luke G. , Hartman Joel D. , Hillenbrand Lynne A. , Gully-Santiago Michael A. , Banks Kirsten A.
Published: January 2022

Magnetospheric clouds have been proposed as explanations for depth-varying dips in the phased light curves of young, magnetically active stars such as σ Ori E and RIK-210. However, the stellar theory that first predicted magnetospheric clouds also anticipated an associated mass-balancing mechanism known as centrifugal breakout for which there has been limited empirical evidence. In this paper, we present data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, Las Cumbres Observatory, All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae, and Veloce on the 45 Myr M3.5 star TIC 234284556, and propose that it is a candidate for the direct detection of centrifugal breakout. In assessing this hypothesis, we examine the sudden (∼1 day timescale) disappearance of a previously stable (∼1 month timescale) transit-like event. We also interpret the presence of an anomalous brightening event that precedes the disappearance of the signal, analyze rotational amplitudes and optical flaring as a proxy for magnetic activity, and estimate the mass of gas and dust present immediately prior to the potential breakout event. After demonstrating that our spectral and photometric data support a magnetospheric cloud and centrifugal breakout model and disfavor alternate scenarios, we discuss the possibility of a coronal mass ejection or stellar wind origin of the corotating material and we introduce a reionization mechanism as a potential explanation for more gradual variations in eclipse parameters. Finally, after comparing TIC 234284556 with previously identified “flux-dip” stars, we argue that TIC 234284556 may be an archetypal representative of a whole class of young, magnetically active stars.
The Stellar Mass versus Stellar Metallicity Relation of Star-forming Galaxies at 1.6 ≤ z ≤ 3.0 and Implications for the Evolution of the α-enhancement
Authors: Kashino Daichi , Lilly Simon J. , Renzini Alvio , Daddi Emanuele , Zamorani Giovanni , Silverman John D. , Ilbert Olivier , Peng Ying-jie , Mainieri Vincenzo , Bardelli Sandro , Zucca Elena , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. , Sanders David B.
Published: January 2022

We measure the relationship between stellar mass and stellar metallicity for 1336 star-forming galaxies at 1.6 ≤ z ≤ 3.0 using rest-frame far-ultraviolet spectra from the zCOSMOS-deep survey. High signal-to-noise ratio composite spectra containing stellar absorption features are fit with stellar population synthesis model spectra of a range of stellar metallicity. We find stellar metallicities, which mostly reflect instantaneous iron abundances, scaling as

[
Fe

/

H
]
=
−
(
0.81
±
0.01
)
+
(
0.32
+
0.03
)
log
(

M

*

/

10

10

M

⊙

)

across the stellar mass range of 109 ≲ M
*/M
⊙ ≲ 1011. The instantaneous oxygen-to-iron ratio (α-enhancement) inferred using the gas-phase mass–metallicity relation is on average found to be

O

/

Fe

≈
0.47

, being higher than the local

O

/

Fe

≈
0

. The observed changes in [O/Fe] and [Fe/H] are reproduced in simple gas-regulator models with steady star formation histories. Our models show that the [O/Fe] is determined almost entirely by the instantaneous specific star formation rate alone while being independent of the mass and the characteristic of the gas regulation. We also find that the locations of ∼ 1010
M
⊙ galaxies at z ∼ 2 in the [O/Fe]–metallicity planes are in remarkable agreement with the sequence of low-metallicity thick-disk stars in our own Galaxy. This manifests a beautiful concordance between the results of Galactic archeology and observations of high-redshift Milky Way progenitors. There remains, however, a question of how and when the old metal-rich, low α/Fe stars seen in the bulge had formed by z ∼ 2 because such a stellar population is not seen in our data and is difficult to explain in the context of our models.
H2-dominated Atmosphere as an Indicator of Second-generation Rocky White Dwarf Exoplanets
Authors: Lin Zifan , Seager Sara , Ranjan Sukrit , Kozakis Thea , Kaltenegger Lisa
Published: January 2022

Following the discovery of the first exoplanet candidate transiting a white dwarf (WD), a “white dwarf opportunity” for characterizing the atmospheres of terrestrial exoplanets around WDs is emerging. Large planet-to-star size ratios and hence large transit depths make transiting WD exoplanets favorable targets for transmission spectroscopy; conclusive detection of spectral features on an Earth-like planet transiting a close-by WD can be achieved within a medium James Webb Space Telescope program. Despite the apparently promising opportunity, however, the post-main sequence evolutionary history of a first-generation WD exoplanet has never been incorporated in atmospheric modeling. Furthermore, second-generation planets formed in WD debris disks have never been studied from a photochemical perspective. We demonstrate that transmission spectroscopy can identify a second-generation rocky WD exoplanet with a thick (∼1 bar) H2-dominated atmosphere. In addition, we can infer outgassing activities of a WD exoplanet based on its transmission spectra and test photochemical runaway by studying CH4 buildup.
Discovery of a Double-detonation Thermonuclear Supernova Progenitor
Authors: Kupfer Thomas , Bauer Evan B. , van Roestel Jan , Bellm Eric C. , Bildsten Lars , Fuller Jim , Prince Thomas A. , Heber Ulrich , Geier Stephan , Green Matthew J. , Kulkarni Shrinivas R. , Bloemen Steven , Laher Russ R. , Rusholme Ben , Schneider David
Published: January 2022

We present the discovery of a new double-detonation progenitor system consisting of a hot subdwarf B (sdB) binary with a white dwarf companion with a P
orb = 76.34179(2) minutes orbital period. Spectroscopic observations are consistent with an sdB star during helium core burning residing on the extreme horizontal branch. Chimera light curves are dominated by ellipsoidal deformation of the sdB star and a weak eclipse of the companion white dwarf. Combining spectroscopic and light curve fits, we find a low-mass sdB star, M
sdB = 0.383 ± 0.028 M
⊙ with a massive white dwarf companion, M
WD = 0.725 ± 0.026 M
⊙. From the eclipses we find a blackbody temperature for the white dwarf of 26,800 K resulting in a cooling age of ≈25 Myr whereas our MESA model predicts an sdB age of ≈170 Myr. We conclude that the sdB formed first through stable mass transfer followed by a common envelope which led to the formation of the white dwarf companion ≈25 Myr ago. Using the MESA stellar evolutionary code we find that the sdB star will start mass transfer in ≈6 Myr and in ≈60 Myr the white dwarf will reach a total mass of 0.92 M
⊙ with a thick helium layer of 0.17 M
⊙. This will lead to a detonation that will likely destroy the white dwarf in a peculiar thermonuclear supernova. PTF1 J2238+7430 is only the second confirmed candidate for a double-detonation thermonuclear supernova. Using both systems we estimate that at least ≈1% of white dwarf thermonuclear supernovae originate from sdB+WD binaries with thick helium layers, consistent with the small number of observed peculiar thermonuclear explosions.
Orbits and Occultation Opportunities of 15 TNOs Observed by New Horizons
Authors: Porter Simon B. , Spencer John R. , Verbiscer Anne , Benecchi Susan , Weaver H. A. , Wen Lin Hsing , Kavelaars J. J. , Fraser Wesley C. , Gerdes David W. , Buie Marc W. , Singer Kelsi N. , Parker Joel W. , Stern S. Alan
Published: January 2022

We present high-precision orbits for 15 trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) that have been observed by NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft at distances from 0.092 to 2.2 au. We also give predictions of 66 future opportunities to observe stellar occultations by them in late 2021–2029, eight of which are possible to observe from the United States. Observation of these stellar occultations would allow searches for more contact-binary TNOs like the New Horizons flyby target (486958) Arrokoth. In addition, measuring the sizes and albedos of more TNOs helps to better calibrate models of the size–frequency distribution of the broader Kuiper Belt. The 15 TNOs we investigate are unique in that they have been observed by the New Horizons spacecraft, providing high-parallax observations that greatly help to restrict the uncertainty of their orbits. Our orbit determinations combine detailed analyses of observations from the Magellan, Subaru, and CTIO ground-based observatories; the Hubble Space Telescope; and the New Horizons spacecraft. They are referenced to the Gaia DR2 star catalog, while the occultation predictions use the latest Gaia EDR3 catalog for the occultation stars. Our analysis allows us to understand the uncertainties for all of our predicted occultation opportunities and thus the need for additional astrometry, if any, to observe these events and measure the sizes and shapes of small–midsize TNOs.
Japanese Tetramorium queens: identification key and species diagnoses (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)
Authors: Yamane Seiki , Hosoishi Shingo , Ito Fuminori
Published: January 2022

In Japan, nine species have been known in the ant genus Tetramorium, of which five or more are considered tramps. A key to the queens of nine Tetramorium species found in Japan is presented. The tramp species T. tonganum Mayr, 1870 is excluded from the key because no queen was available for us, while T. pacificum Mayr, 1870 is included because it was once intercepted at a port in Japan and exotic queens were available. Diagnosis of the queen of each species is provided together with differences between the two female castes. Tetramorium tanakai Bolton, 1977 is resurrected from synonymy with T. kraepelini Forel, 1905 based mainly on the queen characters.
Complete mitogenomes of four Trichiurus species: A taxonomic review of the T. lepturus species complex
Authors: Yi Mu-Rong , Hsu Kui-Ching , Gu Sui , He Xiong-Bo , Luo Zhi-Sen , Lin Hung-Du , Yan Yun-Rong
Published: January 2022

Four Trichiurus species, T. japonicus, T. lepturus, T. nanhaiensis, and T. brevis, from the coasts of the China Seas, have been identified and their entire mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) have been sequenced by next-generation sequencing technology. A comparative analysis of five mitogenomes was conducted, including the mitogenome of T. gangeticus. The mitogenomes contained 16.568–16.840 bp and encoded 36 typical mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding, 2 ribosomal RNA-coding, and 21 transfer RNA-coding genes) and two typical noncoding control regions. Although tRNAPro is absent from Trichiurus mitogenomes, when compared with the 22 tRNAs reported in other vertebrates, the gene arrangements in the mitogenomes of the studied species are consistent with those in most teleost mitogenomes. The full-length sequences and protein-coding genes (PCGs) in the mitogenomes of the five species had obvious AT biases and negative GC skew values. Our study indicate that the specimens in the Indian Ocean are neither T. lepturus nor T. nanhaiensis but they are T. gangeticus; the Trichiurus species composition in the Indian Ocean is totally different from that in Pacific and Atlantic oceans; there are at least two Trichiurus species in Indian Ocean; and the worldwide systematics and diversity of the genus Trichiurus need to be reviewed.
Territorialisées ou sans attaches : les activités « culturelles et créatives » au crible d’un quartier post-industriel grenoblois
Authors: Michel Basile , Ambrosino Charles
Published: January 2022

Dans un contexte où la culture est de plus en plus conçue comme une activité économique, et malgré des différences persistantes, les activités relevant des secteurs culturels et créatifs sont de plus en plus considérées comme un ensemble homogène. Afin d’interroger la pertinence d’un tel ensemble, cet article a pour objectif d’analyser la volonté des travailleurs culturels et créatifs à s’engager dans la vie sociale des quartiers urbains dans lesquels ils s’agglomèrent. Fondée sur un travail d’enquête dans le quartier postindustriel de Berriat à Grenoble, l’analyse des actions et des réseaux des activités culturelles et créatives fait émerger deux catégories distinctes. Liés par des caractéristiques communes et un attachement similaire à leur quartier, les travailleurs culturels d’une part et créatifs d’autre part se distinguent par les relations qu’ils entretiennent avec leur territoire d’implantation.
Les transpositions urbaines du déplacement forcé en Colombie : spatialisation, catégorisation et transformation d’une dynamique migratoire
Authors: Duriez Tiphaine
Published: January 2022

Les déplacements forcés de population qu’enregistre la Colombie constituent une dynamique migratoire complexe. Affiliée à l’exercice de la guerre, cette modalité de mobilité sous contrainte frappe tant par son ampleur que par son inscription dans la longue durée. Face au développement du phénomène, le gouvernement a adopté des politiques de réparations pour dédommager les citoyens victimes de ces évictions forcées. En effet, l’expérience d’un déplacement forcé entraîne un changement résidentiel qui transforme leur mode de vie. Ainsi, dans la majorité des cas, les victimes choisissent de s’installer dans les grandes villes du pays, la médiatisation du phénomène ayant fait des espaces urbains des lieux préservés de toute dynamique armée dans l’imaginaire collectif. Cependant, les villes colombiennes enregistrent aussi des pratiques de déplacement forcé. En partant de recherches de terrain réalisées dans la Comuna 4 de Soacha, cet article interroge les liens qui unissent et distinguent les modalités urbaines des modalités rurales de ce type de mobilité sous contraintes.
Qu’est-ce que l’expérimentation dit ou fait des territoires ?
Authors: Rufat Samuel
Published: January 2022

Les territoires et leurs habitants sont l’objet de toute une palette d’expérimentations. Mais il y a un curieux paradoxe : d’un côté, la particularité des sciences sociales serait que le « terrain » y aurait remplacé « l’expérimentation » ; d’un autre, les demandes de financement, articles et thèses insistent de plus en plus sur leur caractère « expérimental ». Alors, s’agit-il d’une facilité de langage ? La pression des institutions et des financements nous impose-t-elle une surenchère sur la façon de présenter la recherche et l’innovation ? La promotion de l’expérimentation par le politique cherche aussi à capter un aura scientifique, mais ne prend-t-on pas le risque d’en faire une fin en soi ? Ou bien ce paradoxe est-il le symptôme d’un nouvel horizon ?
L’archipel des bergers
Authors: Kümmeler Fabian
Published: January 2022

Le pastoralisme, la transhumance ainsi que le milieu de vie des bergers médiévaux restent un domaine de recherche fascinant, notamment pour l’histoire socioculturelle, économique et environnementale. Contrairement à l’abondante bibliographie sur le pastoralisme prémoderne en France, les pratiques saisonnières d’élevage et l’interaction socio-économique des bergers avec les sociétés urbaines et rurales en Europe du Sud-Est sont encore largement inexplorées. Cet article s’intéresse aux bergers des Balkans médiévaux et de l’Adriatique orientale, en particulier de la Dalmatie vénitienne au xv e  siècle. Au cœur du propos, les bergers de l’île de Korčula, considérés selon la base statutaire et contractuelle à partir de laquelle ils faisaient paître leurs troupeaux sur l’île. Leur routine saisonnière ne va pas sans conflits socio-économiques avec la société rurale et urbaine, l’administration locale et le gouverneur vénitien de Korčula.
La main visible du pouvoir sur les biens et usages communaux (1543-1691)
Authors: Pichard Georges
Published: January 2022

Des fonds d’archives décrits depuis 1865 mais laissés inexploités par les chercheurs ; des enquêtes villageoises suivies de 1544 à 1691, avec des milliers de textes et déclarations des communautés rurales de Provence, inutilisés par les historiens : tout s’est passé comme s’il fallait conforter une vision désormais plus que centenaire du progrès, de la croissance, de l’économie, conçus comme des fatalités inexorables car spontanées, indépendantes du nouveau pouvoir d’État, que l’on projetait dans le passé, au moins depuis la fin du Moyen Âge. Cet article vise à interroger et problématiser, au niveau des biens et usages communaux, la question de savoir comment s’est déconstruit un passé qui survivait en 1544, pour aboutir à l’aube du xviii e  siècle à un monde tout autre, qui a recouvert, dissimulé et oublié celui que l’État monarchique avait systématiquement subverti et transformé par ses attaques répétées, par une taxation obstinée, dite des francs-fiefs, conduite jusqu’à l’absurde. Une orientation forcée mettant l’accent sur l’utilité, le profit, permettant la corruption intéressée d’élites locales et débouchant finalement sur la négation des usages communs.