bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Piecing the Fragments Together: Dynamical Insights into the Enhancement
of BRD4-BD1 (BET Protein) Druggability in Cancer Chemotherapy
Using Novel 8-methyl-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-1(2H)-one Derivatives
Authors: Akawa Oluwole B. , Soremekun Opeyemi S. , Olotu Fisayo A. , Solima Mahmoud E.S.
Published: March 2021

Background:

Fragment-based drug discovery in recent times has been explored in the
design of highly potent therapeutics.

Methods:

In this study, we explored the inhibitory dynamics of Compound 38 (Cpd38), a newly synthesized
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 bromodomain 1 (BRD4-BD1) protein inhibitor derived
from the synthetic coupling of Fragment 47 (Fgt47) into ABBV-075 scaffold. Using dynamic simulation
methods, we unraveled the augmentative effects of chemical fragmentation on improved BRD4-
BD1 inhibition.

Results:

Findings from this study revealed that although Fgt47 exhibited a considerable ΔGbind, its
incorporation into the difluoro-phenoxy pyridine scaffold (Cpd38) notably enhanced the binding
affinity. Time-based analyses of interaction dynamics further revealed that the bulkiness of Cpd38
favored its interaction at the BRD4-BD1 active site relative to the fragment.
Strikingly, compared to Fgt47, Cpd38 demonstrated high mobility, which could have enabled it to
bind optimally and complementarily with key residues of the active site such as Ile146, Asn140,
Cys136, Tyr98, Leu94, Val87, Phe83, and Trp81.

Discussion:

On the contrary, the majority of these interactions were gradually lost in Fgt47, which
could further indicate the essence of coupling it with the difluoro-phenoxy pyridine scaffold. Furthermore,
Cpd38 had a more altering effect on BRD4-BDI relative to Fgt47, which could also be a
result of its higher inhibitory activity.

Conclusion:

Conclusively, the design of highly potent therapeutics could be facilitated by the incorporation
of pharmacologically active small molecule fragments into the scaffold of existing drugs.
RNA sensors as a mechanism of innate immune evasion among SARS-CoV2, HIV and Nipah viruses
Authors: Dixon Dalia Cicily Kattiparambil , Ratan Chameli , Nair Bhagyalakshmi , Mangalath Sabitha , Abraham Rachy , Nath Lekshmi. R.
Published: March 2021

:

Innate immunity is the first line of defence elicited by the host immune system to fight against invading pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. From this elementary immune response, the more complex antigen-specific adaptive responses are recruited to provide a long-lasting memory against the pathogens. Innate immunity gets activated when the host cell utilizes a diverse set of receptors known as pattern recognition receptors (PRR) to recognize the viruses that have penetrated the host and respond with cellular processes like complement system, phagocytosis, cytokine release and inflammation and destruction of NK cells. Viral RNA or DNA or viral intermediate products are recognized by receptors like toll-like receptors(TLRs), nucleotide oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) thereby, inducing type I interferon response (IFN) and other proinflammatory cytokines in infected cells or other immune cells. But certain viruses can evade the host innate immune response to replicate efficiently, triggering the spread of the viral infection. The present review describes the similarity in the mechanism chosen by viruses from different families -HIV, SARS-CoV2 and Nipah viruses to evade the innate immune response and how efficiently they establish the infection in the host. The review also addresses the stages of developments of various vaccines against these viral diseases and the challenges encountered by the researchers during vaccine development.
Molecular Docking Studies of Naringenin and its Protective Efficacy against
Methotrexate Induced Oxidative Tissue Injury
Authors: Guruvayoorappan Chandrasekharan , Dhanisha Suresh S. , Drishya Sudarsanan , Gangaraj Karyath P. , Rajesh Muliyar K.
Published: March 2021

Background:

Although Methotrexate (MTX) possesses a wide clinical spectrum of activity, its toxic
side effects on normal cells and drug resistance often hamper its successful outcome. Naringenin (NG) is one of
the promising bioactive flavonoids that are extensively found in grapes, citrus fruits, and fruit arils of Pithecellobium
dulce.

Objective:

Only a few experimental in vivo studies on the efficacy of NG against chemotherapeutic drugs have
been carried out. Aiming to fill this gap, the present study was carried out to characterize and identify its possible
therapeutic targets and also to explore its protective efficacy against MTX-induced tissue damage.

Methods:

Oxidative stress was induced in mice with MTX (20 mg/kg B.wt), and animals were orally administered
with 10 mg/kg B.wt NG for 10 consecutive days. On day 11, all animals were sacrificed, and hematological
and serum biochemical parameters were analyzed. The anti-oxidant efficacy of NG against MTX was evaluated
by quantifying tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutatione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione
(GSH) and catalase along with oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO)]. Further,
the histopathological analysis was performed to confirm the protective efficacy of FPD. In silico docking
studies were also performed to exploring anti-oxidant enzyme-based targets.

Results:

Our results showed that concurrent administration of NG counteracted oxidative stress induced by
MTX, as evidenced by increased expression of anti-oxidant markers, decreased expression of renal and hepatotoxicity
serum marker enzymes (p <0.05). A molecular docking study was performed using Auto dock vina to
understand the mechanism of ligand binding (S-NG and R-NG)with anti-oxidant enzymes. The binding affinity
of S-NG with catalase, GPx, ALP, and SGPT was -10.1, -7.1, -7.1, and -7.3 kcal/mol, respectively, whereas for
R-NG was -10.8, -7.1, -7.6, and -7.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Further, histopathological analysis affirmed the protective
efficacy of NG against MTX-induced hepatic and renal toxicities.

Conclusion:

Treatment with NG significantly reduced MTX-induced pancytopenia, renal, and hepatic toxicity.
Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction Participates in the Pathophysiology of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wei Minping , Huang Qin , Liu Zeyu , Luo Yunfang , Xia Jian
Published: March 2021

The gastrointestinal tract is a major organ of the body that absorbs nutrients, water, and
electrolytes. At the same time, it is a tight barrier that resists the invasion of harmful substances
and maintains the homeostasis of the internal environment. Destruction of the intestinal barrier is
linked to the digestive system, cardiovascular system, endocrine system, and other systemic diseases.
Mounting evidence suggests that ischemic stroke not only changes the intestinal microbes but also
increases the permeability of the intestinal barrier, leading to bacterial translocation, infection,
and even sepsis. The intestinal barrier, as part of the gut-brain axis, has also been proven to participate
in the pathophysiological process of ischemic stroke. However, little attention has been paid to
it. Since ischemic stroke is a major public health issue worldwide, there is an urgent need to know
more about the disease for better prevention, treatment, and prognosis. Therefore, understanding
the pathophysiological relationship between ischemic stroke and the intestinal barrier will help researchers
further uncover the pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic stroke and provide a novel
therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Here, we review the physiology and
pathology between ischemic stroke and intestinal barrier based on related articles published in the
past ten years about the relationship between ischemic stroke, stroke risk factors and intestinal flora,
and intestinal barrier. We further discuss the following parts: the intestinal barrier, possible
mechanisms of intestinal barrier destruction in ischemic stroke, intestinal barrier destruction caused
by stroke-related risk factors, intestinal barrier dysfunction in ischemic stroke, targeting the intestinal
barrier for improving stroke, conclusions and perspectives.
Thinking Outside the Box: Novel Kidney Protective Strategies in Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Ibrahim Hassan N. , Murad Dina N. , Knoll Greg A.
Published: March 2021

Despite the reduction in the incidence of acute rejection, a major risk factor for graft loss, there has been only modest improvement in long-term graft survival. Most cases of kidney graft loss have an identifiable cause that is not idiopathic fibrosis/atrophy or calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity. Distinct immunologic and nonimmunologic factors conspire to lead to a common pathway of allograft fibrosis. It remains plausible that mitigating nonimmunologic damage using strategies proven effective in native kidney disease may yield benefit in kidney transplantation. In this review, we will focus on nonimmunologic aspects of kidney transplant care that may prove to be valuable adjuncts to a well-managed immunosuppression regimen. Topics to be addressed include the roles of hypertension and agents used to treat it, lipid lowering, sodium and water intake, elevated uric acid, metabolic acidosis, and the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on long-term kidney transplant health.
ВАКАНСИОННЫЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ЭВОЛЮЦИИ КРИСТАЛЛОВ И ТОНКИХ ПЛЕНОК ПОД ВЛИЯНИЕМ ВНЕШНЕЙ НАГРУЗКИ
Authors: Редьков А.В. , Кукушкин С.А.
Published: March 2021

В работе рассмотрена эволюция поверхности кристаллов и тонких пленок под воздействием потока частиц и механической нагрузки. Возникновение неустойчивости на плоской поверхности кристалла может быть вызвано наличием вакансий в объеме кристалла, которые диффундируют к поверхности кристалла или к микропорам в его объеме. Показано, что описанный эффект может вызывать появление шероховатости и волнистости на поверхности кристалла с характерными масштабами, определяемыми свойствами потока частиц. Получено аналитическое выражение для критерия возникновения неустойчивости и описаны различные последствия развития неустойчивости. Результаты могут быть использованы для оценки условий роста тонких пленок, при которых поверхность устойчива к возникновению шероховатости по вакансионному механизму. Также исследована эволюция микропор, содержащихся в объеме кристалла, под воздействием растягивающих механических напряжений.
ТЕРМО- И МЕХАНОДЕСОРБЦИЯ ЦИНКА И КИСЛОРОДА С ПОВЕРХНОСТИ НАНОПОРОШКОВ ZNO ПРИ ПОНИЖЕННОМ ДАВЛЕНИИ КИСЛОРОДА
Authors: Абдуев А.Х. , Асваров А.Ш. , Ахмедов А.К. , Амиров А.М. , Баландина Г.И. , Беляев В.В. , Борисова А.С. , Фляжникова Л.С.
Published: March 2021

На основе данных исследования процесса механоактивации и дериватографического анализа дисперных систем на основе оксида цинка изучены процессы термо- и механодесорбции цинка и кислорода в порошках чистого ZnO и смеси ZnO-Zn в замкнутом объеме при пониженном давлении кислорода.
ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВАКУУМНОПЛАЗМЕННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ АТОМНО-СЛОЕВОГО ОСАЖДЕНИЯ ПЛЕНОК
Authors: Одиноков В.В. , Панин В.В.
Published: March 2021

Представлены результаты работы на экспериментальной установке для плазмостимулированного атомно-слоевого осаждения сверхтонких пленок на пластины диаметром 200 мм. Приведены данные о неравномерности толщины покрытий оксида титана (TiO2) и оксида гафния (HfO2) по диаметру пластин.
УПРОЧНЯЮЩИЕ УГЛЕРОДНЫЕ АЛМАЗНЫЕ И АЛМАЗОПОДОБНЫЕ ПОКРЫТИЯ
Authors: Панфилов Ю.В.
Published: March 2021

Проанализированы методы химического и физического осаждения углеродных алмазных и алмазоподобных покрытий на режущий инструмент и детали машин. Описаны структура и состав покрытий, определяющие их твердость, коэффициент трения и износостойкость. Показаны пути развития упрочняющих углеродных покрытий.
ВЛИЯНИЕ АБСОРБЦИИ ГЕЛИЯ И ВОДОРОДА НА ЭМИССИОННЫЕ СВОЙСТВА УГЛЕРОДНЫХ НАНОТРУБОК
Authors: Умаев С.М. , Борисенко Д.Н. , Колесников Н.Н. , Левченко А.А. , Ремизов И.А.
Published: March 2021

Экспериментально установлено, что эмиссионные свойства источников на основе углеродных нанотрубок деградируют после 20 часов выдержки в жидком гелии и улучшаются после двухчасовой выдержки в атмосфере водорода при давлении 100 атм и температуре 300 °С.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЭКСПРЕСС-ИСПЫТАНИЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ПОЗИСТОРНОГО НАГРЕВАТЕЛЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ВАКУУМА
Authors: Котляров Е.Ю. , Кочетков А.Ю. , Зайцев А.Н.
Published: March 2021

В представленной работе анализируются результаты теплофизических экспресс-испытаний позисторного нагревателя промышленного применения. В качестве объекта испытаний выбран типовой нагреватель, доступный для заказа по каталогу через Интернет. Испытания проведены в вакуумной камере и дополнены коррелирующим вычислительным экспериментом с помощью специально разработанной тепловой конечно-элементной модели. Представлены характеристики испытанного нагревателя, а также результаты анализа совмещенных натурного и вычислительного экспериментов. Сформулированы некоторые рекомендации, которые могут быть полезны для дальнейшего применения и изучения рабочих характеристик позисторных нагревателей в условиях вакуума.
ПРЕЦИЗИОННАЯ ПОДАЧА ГАЗОВ В ВАКУУМНЫЙ РЕАКТОР ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ С ТЕРМОКОРРЕКЦИЕЙ ВНЕШНЕЙ СРЕДЫ
Authors: Сажнев С.В. , Князев В.И.
Published: March 2021

Работа посвящена термокоррекции теплового регулятора массового расхода газа (РРГ) при подаче рабочего газа в вакуумный реактор технологического оборудования. Определена связь температуры корпуса РРГ с дополнительной приведенной погрешностью регулирования РРГ по температуре и температурой внешней среды. На основе полученных в работе данных на базе аналогового РРГ создан цифровой РРГ с прецизионной точностью подачи рабочего газа в вакуумный реактор технологического оборудования в достаточно широком диапазоне температур внешней среды.
Un mapeo de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil y los grupos activistas en Guanajuato, México
Authors: Flores-Márquez Dorismilda , Morales Carbajal José Antonio , Hernández Pérez Christian Saúl
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: describir la configuración de la sociedad civil en Guanajuato, México, a través del reconocimiento de las condiciones políticas, económicas y culturales del contexto local y de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil que trabajan en problemáticas específicas y los vínculos entre ellas. Metodología: investigación documental en dos fases que incluye la contextualización de Guanajuato como región sociocultural y un mapeo de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil y los colectivos de activistas. Resultados: se identificaron más de 600 organizaciones. La mayoría de ellas se dedica a la asistencia social, pero también hay colectivos emergentes que se ocupan del género, el medio ambiente y los derechos humanos. Se relacionaron estos resultados con las condiciones políticas, económicas y culturales del contexto local. Limitaciones: aunque el estudio es revelador, no se identifican los vínculos entre las organizaciones y otros actores públicos y privados. Valor: el estudio contribuye a la producción de conocimiento contextualizado que permite reconocer las particularidades locales para comprender las complejidades de la relación entre lo local y lo global. Conclusiones: el estudio de la sociedad civil y del activismo en contextos locales permite comprender las continuidades y las rupturas de las dinámicas sociales, así como las conexiones entre lo local y lo global.
Diversidad morfológica del mezquite (Prosopis spp.) en la región de Pénjamo, Guanajuato, México
Authors: Moreno-Contreras María Guadalupe , Herrera Flores Teresa Susana , Licea De Anda Eva Marcela , Arratia Castro Alda Alejandra , Medina Haro Azael
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: evaluar la amplitud de la variabilidad morfológica del mezquite de la región de Pénjamo, en función de las características con mayor valor descriptivo.Método: a partir de 32 colectas de mezquite en siete localidades de Pénjamo, Guanajuato, se midieron 20 caracteres morfológicos cualitativos (7) y cuantitativos (13) que fueron analizados por componentes principales (ACP) y conglomerados (AC).Resultados: la caracterización morfológica permitió diferenciar dos grupos y cinco subgrupos basados en el tamaño de la vaina y área foliar.Limitaciones: considerar factores bióticos, abióticos y antropogénicos que puedan contribuir a explicar la variación observada.Principales hallazgos: la longitud y ancho del foliolo, pinna y vaina son los principales contribuyentes a la variación cuantitativa, mientras que en características cualitativas la fuente principal de variación fue la posición y arreglo de las espinas, así como la presencia de flores. El ACP indica que el tipo de suelo del lugar de colecta se asoció a la variación cualitativa del mezquite.
El control de constitucionalidad por vía de excepción en la república de Yibuti: ¿una innovación funcional o una moda?
Authors: Bahdon Mohamed Abdillahi
Published: March 2021

La evolución constitucional de la República de Yibuti no se resume solamente a la implantación de nuevas instituciones y los nuevos derechos y libertades, sino también a mecanismos jurídicos que permiten a los ciudadanos de defender sus derechos y libertades. El recurso de inconstitucional por vía de excepción es nuevo en el contexto jurídico-político yibutiense. Su uso da más garantía en cuanto a la protección de los derechos fundamentales de las personas durante un juicio. Sin la intermediación de una institución, el ciudadano interpone este recurso cuando considera que sus derechos fundamentales son vulnerados por una ley en vigor.
El derecho a la ciudad como derecho humano
Authors: Pacheco Acuña Vanessa María
Published: March 2021

El artículo desde sus primeras líneas, dirime el concepto del derecho a la ciudad en una, concepción pragmática.  Hace un recorrido por distintos acontecimientos en la Historia que han marcado su evolución a nivel político y jurídico.  De igual manera destaca la importancia de implementar el derecho a la ciudad a partir de datos reales y conocimientos interdisciplinarios, para resolver de facto los problemas que aquejan a los ciudadanos en las ciudades, a través de un modelo que procure el desarrollo urbano multidimensional, cuya planificación, tenga como núcleo, la persona y el planeta, comprendiendo las dimensiones de ciudad, sociedad y ambiente.
Long-Term Weight Loss Maintenance on a Nutrient-Dense, Plant-Rich (NDPR) Diet
Authors: Ferreri Deana M , Fuhrman Joel , Singer Michael D.
Published: March 2021

Background: Obesity increases risk of diabetes, heart disease and cancer; a healthy weight reduces these risks, however weight loss efforts are prone to failure. Developing methods to promote weight loss maintenance is an important public health goal. We report on weight loss maintenance in individuals who followed a nutrient-dense, plant-rich (NDPR) diet. NDPR guidelines focus on increasing micronutrient density and avoidance of processed, highly palatable foods.

Methods: Patients of a private family medical practice and members of a NDPR diet internet community (2273) completed an online survey providing information on length of time following a NDPR diet and body weight at several time points.

Results: In respondents with pre-diet BMI ≥ 25 who had been following a NDPR diet for at least 2 years, those who reported adhering to NDPR guidelines in at least 80% of meals lost significantly more weight than those reporting lower adherence. Weight lost during year 1 was maintained at 2 and 3 years, and in respondents with initial BMI in the obese range (≥ 30), those losses were significantly greater in respondents who reported at least 80% adherence compared to 50-79% (56 lb. vs. 34 lb.) at 3 years. Between 1 year and 3 years, a low rate (19%) of weight regain ( ≥ 5 lb.) was reported among respondents 80-100% adherent to NDPR guidelines.

Conclusions: Weight loss and maintenance for a period of 3 years was observed in this self-selected group, and respondents who reported 80-100% adherence lost significantly more weight than those who reported 50-79% adherence to NDPR guidelines. Individuals achieved substantially greater weight loss than that commonly observed in weight loss intervention studies. An intervention study, which would provide further insight into the influence of the NDPR guidelines on weight loss and maintenance, is warranted.
Plant-Based Diet Reverses Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Lin Peter H , Leslie Debra , Levine Mary , Davis Garth , Esselstyn Caldwell
Published: March 2021

OBJECtIVE: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterized by impaired arterial circulation to the extremities caused in part by atherosclerosis. This study examined the effect of a plant-based diet (PBD) on vascular function in PAD patients.METHODs: Patients with PaD were randomized to plant-based dietary intervention (PBD group, n = 24) or no specific dietary advice (control group, n = 28). Biochemical parameters, including lipid profile and inflammatory biomarkers, and nitric oxide were measured at baseline and 4 months after dietary intervention. Vascular function including brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), carotid intima-media thickness(IMT), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), and brachial-ankle PWV were measured at baseline and 4 months after dietary intervention.RESULTS: Biochemical parameters were similar at baseline between the 2 groups. There was no change in any of the biochemical parameters in the control group at 4 months. However, patients in the PBD group had a significant improvement in lipid profile, including total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein a1 (APO-A1) levels. Greater nitric oxide and reduced high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were found in the PBD group at 4 months, whereas there were no changes in the control group. at baseline, FMD was similar between the 2 groups. after 4 months, PBD participants showed significant endothelial function improvement in FMD response and arterial stiffness response, with increased carotid-femoral and brachial-ankle PWV compared to the control group.
CONCLUSIONS: A plant-based diet improves vascular endothelial function in PaD patients following 4 months of dietary intervention. This dietary intervention can result in decreased serum cholesterol and inflammatory biomarkers, which may further enhance vascular endothelial function.
KEYWORDS: Plant-based diet; Vascular endothelial function; Flow-mediated dilation; Brachial artery reactivity test
How can the silence be broken? Caring ethical climate and employee silence
Authors: Zhang Huiqin , Cao Wenyi
Published: March 2021

Employee silence has been regarded as a significant factor related to many organizational outcomes; thus, breaking the silence has become a need for companies, and has attracted academic interest. We investigated the relationship between a caring ethical organizational climate and three
dimensions of employee silence (i.e., acquiescent, defensive, and indifferent), as well as the mediating effect of psychological safety and the moderating effect of Chinese individual traditionality in this relationship. We conducted a survey with 568 employees of 50 Chinese companies. Our
findings confirm that a caring ethical climate had a significant negative impact on all three dimensions of silence. Psychological safety mediated the relationship between caring ethical climate and both acquiescent and defensive employee silence, but its effect on the relationship between
caring ethical climate and indifferent silence was nonsignificant. Chinese individual traditionality significantly moderated the impact of employees' psychological safety on all three of the silence dimensions. Implications of these results for future research and how managers of companies
can break employees' silence are discussed.
On the Quantum versus Classical Learnability of Discrete Distributions
Authors: Sweke Ryan , Seifert Jean-Pierre , Hangleiter Dominik , Eisert Jens
Published: March 2021

Here we study the comparative power of classical and quantum learners for generative modelling within the Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) framework. More specifically we consider the following task: Given samples from some unknown discrete probability distribution, output with high probability an efficient algorithm for generating new samples from a good approximation of the original distribution. Our primary result is the explicit construction of a class of discrete probability distributions which, under the decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption, is provably not efficiently PAC learnable by a classical generative modelling algorithm, but for which we construct an efficient quantum learner. This class of distributions therefore provides a concrete example of a generative modelling problem for which quantum learners exhibit a provable advantage over classical learning algorithms. In addition, we discuss techniques for proving classical generative modelling hardness results, as well as the relationship between the PAC learnability of Boolean functions and the PAC learnability of discrete probability distributions.
Postquantum common-cause channels: the resource theory of local operations and shared entanglement
Authors: Schmid David , Du Haoxing , Mudassar Maryam , Coulter-de Wit Ghi , Rosset Denis , Hoban Matty J.
Published: March 2021

We define the type-independent resource theory of local operations and shared entanglement (LOSE). This allows us to formally quantify postquantumness in common-cause scenarios such as the Bell scenario. Any nonsignaling bipartite quantum channel which cannot be generated by LOSE operations requires a postquantum common cause to generate, and constitutes a valuable resource. Our framework allows LOSE operations that arbitrarily transform between different types of resources, which in turn allows us to undertake a systematic study of the different manifestations of postquantum common causes. Only three of these have been previously recognized, namely postquantum correlations, postquantum steering, and non-localizable channels, all of which are subsumed as special cases of resources in our framework. Finally, we prove several fundamental results regarding how the type of a resource determines what conversions into other resources are possible, and also places constraints on the resource's ability to provide an advantage in distributed tasks such as nonlocal games, semiquantum games, steering games, etc.
Pendekatan Strategi Komunikasi Petugas Lapangan KB (PLKB) Terhadap Partisipasi Pria Dalam Ber Kb Di Kota Palu
Authors: Sari Dyah Fitria Kartika , Alatas Raisa
Published: March 2021

PLKB sebagai komunikator memperhatikan dan merancang sebuah strategi komunikasi agar pesan yang disampaikan kepada pria yang menjadi sasaran program KB sebagai komunikan dapat diterima. Mengingat keberhasilan program KB bukan hanya menjadi tanggung jawab dari pemerintah daerah, namun juga seluruh warga masyarakat dan juga para PLKB yang berhubungan langsung dengan calon peserta KB. Saat ini alat kontrasepsi yang digunakan dalam ber KB tidak hanya untuk wanita namun juga pria, maka keikutsertaan dan peran serta pria dalam mewujudkan rumah tangga yang berencana sangatlah penting. Melalui pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan kuisioner sebagai data primer yang disebarkan kepada PLKB se-kota Palu, memperoleh hasil strategi komunikasi yang digunakan oleh penyuluh lapangan keluarga berencana dalam sosialisasi program KB yaitu pemahami dan mengetahan prosedur KB terhadap pria merupakan hal yang harus dimiliki oleh setiap PLKB di Kota Palu. Latar belakang baik pendidikan dan mata pencarian menjadi pertimbangan dalam menentukan target sosialisasi, agar tujuan dari program pria ber KB dapat terealisasi. Materi tentang KB terhadap pria menjadi hal yang harus dipersiapkan sebelum mensosialisasikan secara langsung kepada masyarakat. Penggunaan media brosur, poster dan lembar balik merupakan media yang dipilih dalam mensosialisasikan program pria ber KB serta keikutsertaan pria dalam menggunakan KB menjadi target dari kampanye program pria berKB..
OPTIMALISASI FUNGSI MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM PENGEMBANGAN BISNIS KULINER
Authors: Akifah Andi
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana media sosial dimanfaatkan untuk pengembangan bisnis, termasuk mengeksplorasi fungsi dan fitur dalam media sosial yang digunakan oleh pelaku bisnis dalam menjalankan roda bisnisnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data observasi dan wawancara mendalam.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari sejumlah media sosial, penggunaan websiate khusus perusahaan tidak lagi menjadi prioritas dalam pemilihan media. Hal ini dikarenakan banyaknya jejaring sosial yang bermunculan dengan menawarkan berbagai fitur menarik yang lumayan efektif dan efisien dalam menjangkau dan mempromosikan produk. Adapun yang mendasari pemilihan media sosial yang digunakan bagi pelaku bisnis kuliner dalam mempromosikan usahanya yaitu berdasarkan tingkat kepopuleran media, jumlah follower yang dimiliki oleh akun grup public, fungsi aplikasi yang ditawarkan serta efektifitas media dalam menjangkau konsumen. Sementara dari segi penggunaan, para pelaku bisnis cenderung memaksimalkan segala fitur dan fungsi yang disediakan oleh media sosial.
KAOS DAN REPRESENTASI IDENTITAS
Authors: Hendra
Published: March 2021

Memakai kaos adalah hal yang biasa, namun begitu memakai kaos tidak sesederhana yang dipikirkan. Berbagai ketentuan berdasarkan tempat, waktu, situasi dan kondisi. Kaos kemudian menjadi sebuah identitas yang dibangun berdasarkan kepentingan-kepentingan apa yang ingin direpresentasikan oleh pemakai kaos tersebut. Kegagalan atau kesuksesan sebuah representasi terukur dari dialektika situasional ketika seseorang memakai kaos tersebut berada.
EVALUATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY IN PALU CITY
Authors: Samsu M. Kafrawi Al-Kafiah , Zuada La Husen , Rendy Moh.
Published: March 2021

This research aims to find out the evaluation of waste management policiy in Palu City and how to counteract them to be as expected in Regional Regulations. Type of research was qualitative by using descriptive methods. Data collection techniques covered in-depth interviews and observations. The results of research related to the evaluation of waste management policy in Palu city have been carried out but it’s not maximum because there were problems in evaluation criteria such as effectiveness, efficiency, and adequacy. Effectiveness has not been achieved because of the lack of control from the concerned parties and public awareness in waste management. Efficiency has not been achieved because of the behaviour and public awareness of the environment is low. In addition, the specified waste disposal operational time has not been fully adhered to the community, while adequacy criteria have not been able to solve environmental hygiene and health problems due to the presence of TPS, only causing a bad smell in the surrounding environment so that it can indirectly affect the level of cleanliness and public health.
Predicting distributions of Wolbachia strains through host ecological contact -- who's manipulating whom?
Authors: Darwell Clive , Souto-Vilaros Daniel , Michalek Jan , Boutsi Sotiria , Iusa Brus , Sisol Mentap , Weiblen George , Novotny Vojtech , Segar Simon
Published: March 2021

Barriers to gene-flow within populations, typically in response to
divergent selection, are often mediated via third-party interactions.
Under these conditions speciation is inextricably linked to ecological
context. We present a novel framework for studying arthropod speciation
as mediated by Wolbachia, a microbial endosymbiont capable of
causing host cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) via alternative strain
associations. Building on empirical findings, our model predicts that
sympatric host sister-species harbour paraphyletic strains that provide
CI, while well-defined congeners in ecological contact and recently
diverged noninteracting congeners are uninfected due to Wolbachia
redundancy. We argue that Wolbachia may provide an adaptive
advantage when coupled with reduced hybrid fitness (via trait
mismatching), by facilitating assortative mating between co-occurring
divergent phenotypes – the contact contingency hypothesis. To
test this, we applied a custom-built predictive algorithm to empirical
data from host-specific pollinating fig wasps, achieving ≤88.46%
accuracy. We then considered post-zygotic offspring mortality during CI
matings by developing a model featuring fitness clines across
oviposition resources. This oviposition trade-off model, tested
through simulation, favoured CI at realistic conspecific mating
frequencies despite fecundity losses. We demonstrate that a rules-based
algorithm accurately predicts Wolbachia infection status. This
has implications among other systems where closely-related sympatric
species encounter adaptive disadvantage through hybridisation.
The Emperors of scientific versatility that influenced Clinical Medicine; Dr Golding Bird and Nikola Tesla
Authors: Delanerolle Gayathri , Ebrahim Rawan , Goodinson Will , Elliot Kathryn , Shetty Ashish , Phiri Peter
Published: March 2021

Physics and Chemistry are fundamental composites of medicine. Concepts
and theories from these fields continuously influence modern day
medicine, including the development of novel diagnostic methods,
pharmacological and surgical interventions and inadvertently, patient
care. The use of scientific approaches to improve existing clinical
practices is important to understand. This includes the exploration of
key innovators that were ahead of their time when inventions were
developed to support “the collateral sciences”. Two such innovators
are Golding Bird and Nikola Tesla; 2 unique and incredibly versatile
scientists. Electrotherapeutics has had a remarkable history. The use of
Torpedo Fish (Torpedo mamorata, Malopterurus electricus) to provide
analgesia was reported by Scribonius Largus in AD 47 in his monumental
work Compositiones Medicae
An approach to rapid processing of camera trap images with minimal human input
Authors: Duggan Matthew , Groleau Melissa , Shealy Ethan , Self Lillian , Utter Taylor , Waller Matthew , Hall Bryan , Stone Chris , Anderson Layne , Mousseau Timothy
Published: March 2021

Point 1: Camera traps have become an extensively utilized tool in
ecological research, but the processing of images created by a network
of camera traps rapidly becomes an overwhelming task, even for small
networks. Point 2: We used transfer training to create convolutional
neural network (CNN) models for identification and classification. By
utilizing a small dataset with less than 10,000 labeled images the model
was able to distinguish between species and remove false triggers. Point
3: We trained the model to detect 17 object classes with individual
species identification, reaching an accuracy of 92%. Previous studies
have suggested the need for thousands of images of each object class to
reach results comparable to those achieved by human observers; however,
we show that such accuracy can be achieved with fewer images. Point 4:
Additionally, we suggest several alternative metrics common to computer
science studies to accurately evaluate the performance of such camera
trap image processing models, as well as methods to adapt the model
building process to two targeted purposes.
Human-wildlife conflict in the roof of the world: Understanding multidimensional perspectives through a systematic review.
Authors: Sharma Prashanti , Chettri Nakul , Wangchuk Kesang
Published: March 2021

Aim: Wildlife and their interaction human or human-wildlife conflict,
though reported throughout human prehistory, its severity and complexity
have increased in recent years. The Hindu Kush Himalaya region, rich and
biodiversity and known as roof of the world have gained recognition for
many conservation success but also with increasing trends of
human-wildlife conflict. But, they are sparsely documented and the
severity of its impacts are not known for the region. Hence, we present
a systematic review on human-wildlife conflict from the roof of the
world. Methods: We followed the systematic literature review (SLR)
approach of qualitative content analysis, using Search, Appraisal,
Synthesis, and Analysis (SALSA) framework and also used VOSViewer for
spatial and network analysis.. Results: Our results based on 240
peer-reviewed articles till 2019 showed 57% increase of publications in
the last decades but with disproportionate geographical and thematic
focus. About 82% of the research reported cases are from protected area
with large carnivores and mega-herbivores as major causes of the
conflict. About 53% of the studies were questionnaire-based household
and the results highlight habitat disturbance through land cover change,
urbanization, and human population increase as major drivers of
human-wildlife conflict. Traditional management techniques like guarding
and fencing along with improvement in plans and policies have been
reported. Our analysis of 681 keywords revealed prominent focus on
‘human-wildlife conflict’, ‘Nepal’, ‘Bhutan’, ‘Snow Leopard’ and
‘Leopard’ indicating the issue are linked with these species and
countries. The involvement of 640 authors from 36 countries indicates
increasing interest and Nepal and India are playing key role from the
region. Main conclusions: There is spatial variation in research with
limited regional and transboundary focus. Attention is needed on
understanding the pattern of interactions including meso animals along
with improved management interventions through integrated and
transboundary cooperation for tackling the issue.
DNA barcoding of deep-sea fishes from the northwestern Pacific Ocean: a resource for identifying hidden genetic diversity in deep-sea fishes
Authors: Teramura Akinori , Koeda Keita , Senou Hiroshi , Ho Hsuan-Ching , Kikuchi Kiyoshi , Hirase Shotaro
Published: March 2021

COI-based DNA barcoding could be an efficient tool for species
identification of deep-sea fishes and could lead to the discovery of
cryptic species diversity. However, the availability of reference
sequences of deep-sea fishes for DNA barcoding is limited, especially
for fishes in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. In this study, we
performed DNA barcoding of mesopelagic and demersal fish species on the
continental shelf and upper slope, collected from deepwater fisheries
around Japan and southern Taiwan, to accumulate the reference sequences
of deep-sea fishes in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Overall, we
obtained the COI sequences of 123 species from 50 families. Genetic
diversity within each species for which COI sequences were obtained from
multiple specimens was examined, and we found that Chimaera
phantasma (Chimaeridae), Harpadon microchir (Synodontidae), and
Pyramodon ventralis (Carapidae) showed high intraspecific genetic
differentiation of more than 2% Kimura two-parameter distance.
Moreover, for 19 widespread deep-sea fishes, a comparison between our
data and previously acquired COI sequence data suggested a high level
(more than 2% Kimura two-parameter distance) of genetic differentiation
between the northwestern Pacific Ocean and other oceans in each
widespread species. These results suggest that many cryptic species or
regional populations have not yet been discovered in deep-sea fishes.
Alternatively, genetic differentiation was not found worldwide for six
species. These results indicate that many taxonomic and biogeographical
issues remain for deep-sea fishes, and our DNA barcoding data would
provide better understanding of these issues.
Molecular beacon assay development for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 detection
Authors: Carvalho Josué , Nunes Jéssica Lopes , Figueiredo Joana , Santos Tiago , Miranda André , Riscado Micaela , Sousa Fani , Duarte Ana Paula , Socorro Silvia , Tomaz Cândida , Felgueiras Mafalda , Teixeira Rui , Faria Conceição , Cruz Carla
Published: March 2021

The fast spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to a global pandemic, calling for
fast and accurate assays to allow infection diagnosis and prevention of
transmission. We aimed to develop a molecular beacon (MB)-based
detection assay for SARS-CoV-2, designed to, detect the ORF1ab and S
genes, proposing a two-stage COVID-19 testing strategy, using MBs to
detect the presence of target amplicons by fluorescence analysis. Two
MBs were designed, optimized in terms of concentration, fluorescence
plateaus of hybridization, reaction temperature and best real-time
results. A total of 450 nasopharyngel and throat swab samples (418
positive and 32 negative) were tested with the MB assay and the
fluorescence levels compared with the cycle threshold (Ct) values
obtained from a commercial RT-PCR test in terms of test duration,
sensitivity and specificity. Our results show that the samples with
higher fluorescence levels correspond to those with low Ct values,
suggesting a correlation between viral load and increased MB
fluorescence. The proposed assay represents a fast (total duration of 2
h 20 min including amplification and fluorescence reading stages) and
simple way of detecting SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples from the upper
respiratory tract. Our two-stage testing strategy is suitable for
further development into a point-of-care assay and potentially scalable
to population level.
Factors for predicting early infection after retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in 1-2 cm renal stones
Authors: Kazan Huseyin , Cakici Mehmet Caglar , Keser Ferhat , Culpan Meftun , Efiloglu Ozgur , Yildirim Asif , Atış Gökhan
Published: March 2021

Objective: To investigate the factors, especially preoperative
urinalysis, predicting postoperative early infection after retrograde
intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in 1-2 cm renal stones. Methods: Of the 642
patients who underwent RIRS between September 2013 and July 2019, 289
patients with a total stone size of 1-2 cm were included in the study.
Patients were divided into two groups as with and without postoperative
urinary tract infection. The demographic data and perioperative findings
of all patients were retrospectively reviewed. Sterile urine cultures
were obtained in all patients during the preoperative 30-day period and
urine analysis values were included in the data. Results: Urinary system
infection (UTI) was seen in 20 (6.9%) of 289 patients. Patient
demographics were similar between groups. There was no statistically
significant difference between the two groups in terms of stone diameter
and stone localization (median diameter 13.5 vs 15, p=0.285). Patients
with postoperative UTI had a higher rate of UTI history (55% vs 20.5%,
p=0.000) and longer operative times (62.5 vs 60 min., p=0.008). Rate of
pyuria, leukocyte esterase and nitrite positivity were observed more
frequently in patients with postoperative UTI. In multivariate analysis,
UTI history, prolonged operative time, and nitrite positivity were found
to be independent risk factors for postoperative UTI. Conclusion:
Nitrite positivity in preoperative urinanalysis, history of UTI and
prolonged operation time are the factors that predict the postoperative
infection in RIRS for stones between 1-2 cm.
Age-related changes of choroid plexus morphology, vascularization and epithelial proliferation
Authors: Samardzija Golub , Andrejic-Visnjic Bojana , Djolai Matilda , Ilic-Sabo Jelena , Amidzic Jelena , Nikin Zoran , Rakocevic Natali , Aleksic Nikola , Dolamic Borislav , Vukomanovic-Djurdjevic Biserka
Published: March 2021

The choroid plexus (ChP) is essential for brain homeostasis by regulating the secretion of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Despite a substantial body of work on the pathologically alterations of the ChP, there is lack of data concerning the naturally occurring morphological changes asso-ciated with ageing. In this study, we investigated 30 human ChP tissue samples that were divided into 3 groups according to age. Morphometric analysis of psammoma bodies (PBs) on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained samples and immunohistochemical analysis of ChP were performed (using antibodies to transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein protein CD34 and nuclear protein Ki-67). Amyloid deposits were detected using Congo red staining. Middle-aged and older individuals exhibited a significantly higher numerical density (ndPB) mostly as increased immature forms, which led us to question the proposed nomenclature. The proliferation rate of the ChP epithelium did not show significant difference between groups. The vascular area was markedly decreased and accompanied by amyloid deposition in blood vessel walls. While the deposits were limited to middle-sized blood vessels in the middle-aged group, in the older group deposits were also present around small vessels. The identified major morphological alterations of ageing ChP tissue provide further understanding of disfunctions of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier that underlie neurodegenerative disorders.
The exact solution of the non-linear Schrodinger equation by the exp-function method
Authors: Chen Qiaoling , Sun Zhiqiang
Published: March 2021

This paper elucidates the main advantages of the exp-function method in finding the exact solution of the non-linear Schrodinger equation. The solution process is extremely simple and accessible, and the obtained solution contains some free parameters.
Filosofía y conductismo. Una relación lógica, ontológica, epistemológica y existencial
Authors: Nava Bedolla José
Published: March 2021

El objetivo central de la presente investigación consistió en analizar el tipo de relaciones que se pueden establecer entre la filosofía y la teoría conductista aplicada a la educación. Se partió del supuesto de que las mentadas relaciones se establecen en el sentido de que el motor que promueve los principios de la ciencia o del conocimiento que se utilizan para elaborar los discursos de la teoría conductista son las necesidades existenciales, epistemológicas, ontológicas y lógicas del sujeto cognoscente dependiendo de circunstancias de modo, tiempo y lugar.

Se trató de un estudio de tipo metacientífico, es decir, epistemológico. Se pretendió hacer ciencia de la ciencia o, lo que es lo mismo, conocimiento del conocimiento para apreciar los alcances y limitaciones de la teoría conductista aplicada a la educación en relación con la idea de filosofía. En un primer movimiento, se reelaboró la “definición” de la categoría denominada con la palabra filosofía. En segundo lugar, se reconstruyó el mapeo de la idea enunciada con el término teoría conductista. Finalmente, se establecieron las relaciones entre la filosofía y la teoría conductista, a partir de las necesidades existenciales del sujeto cognoscente.

Los resultados revelan la existencia de una relación o correspondencia entre la filosofía y la teoría conductista aplicada a la educación en términos de necesidades existenciales, epistemológicas, ontológicas y lógicas del sujeto cognoscente. Lo anterior permite concluir, entre otras cosas, que el mapeo del concepto mencionado con la voz conductismo se establece en términos de alguna definición de la noción mentada con la voz filosofía que determina la utilización de ciertos principios del conocimiento o de la ciencia dependiendo de las necesidades lógicas, ontológicas, epistemológicas y existenciales del sujeto cognoscente de la teoría conductista. Así, es posible sospechar que toda teoría, además de no ser neutral, está determinada por las necesidades mencionadas.
COVER
Authors: Profetika Redaksi
Published: March 2021

COVER
COVER
Authors: Profetika Redaksi
Published: March 2021

CVR