bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisitar la soberanía indígena: los desafíos de una reivindicación excluida
Authors: CLAVÉ-MERCIER Valentin
Published: July 2018

El 14 de septiembre de 2017 se cumplieron 10 años de la Declaración de Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas (UNDRIP). Considerado a menudo como una importante victoria para los pueblos indígenas, el presente artículo aborda sin embargo un punto ausente en la UNDRIP pero central en numerosas luchas indígenas: la cuestión de la soberanía. Empieza explorando la evolución histórica del concepto de soberanía en la teoría política y las relaciones internacionales, antes de estudiar la conceptualización indígena del término. Posteriormente, analiza reivindicaciones y prácticas de soberanía y autogobierno indígenas en tres de los cuatro países que votaron en contra de UNDRIP en 2007: Nueva Zelanda, Australia y Canadá. Este análisis permite examinar diferentes modelos soberanos posibles para el reconocimiento de la soberanía indígena y esbozar sus respectivas configuraciones político-espaciales. A lo largo de este artículo se intenta poner constantemente a prueba la clásica y supuestamente inquebrantable relación entre soberanía, autoridad absoluta y territorialidad indiscutida. Finalmente, se concluye señalando la necesidad de una mirada transdisciplinar para entender la reivindicación de soberanía indígena, y llamando a la transformación de las relaciones internacionales, la política doméstica y el derecho internacional para avanzar hacia su reconocimiento y realización.
A Clinical Study and Management of Inguino-scrotal Swellings In Children
Authors: Vaja Khyati , Suvera Mukesh
Published: July 2018

Aims and Objectives: To know the most common surgical problems in pediatric patients presented with inguino-scrotal swellings and management done routinely.

Methodology: This study was carried out in the department of general surgery, Sharadaben hospital and pediatric surgery of VS hospital, Ahmedabad. The cases were studied for a period of about one year (January, 2017 to Dec, 2017) and all children below 12 years of age, presenting to us with inguinoscrotal swellings were included in this study. The information was analysed in terms of age, diagnosis, procedure carried out and outcome.

Results: Amongst the 150 children under the age of 12 years, 143 patients were males and 7 were females. Among these 150, 52 cases were of hydrocoele, 70 cases of hernia (of which 63 were males and 7 were females), 25 cases of undescended testis and 3 cases of epididymo orchitis were documented. All cases underwent simple herniotomy for hernia and hydrocoele, orchidopexy for undescended testis. The length of hospital stay ranged from 2-4 days with mean of 2.46 days. 11 children in the study were documented to have short term complications, all of which were recognised in the hospital and managed with good results.

Conclusion: Hernia and Hydrocoele in children are often congenital and diagnosed clinically (history and examination). Indirect inguinal hernia are more common than other groin hernias. Open herniotomy is the operation of choice for inguinal hernia in children.
A Study of Neurological Deficits in Survived Cases of Diphtheria
Authors: Patel Twinkle , Shah Chirag
Published: July 2018

Aims and Objectives: To study the incidence, clinical profile and outcome of children with diphtheritic neuropathy.

Methodology: A retrospective study of 26 patients with clinical diagnosis of post diphtheritic neuropathy was done. The records were reviewed and information regarding demographic profile, immunization status, clinical presentation, treatment received (medical &/ or surgical including ventilator care) & the outcome were recorded in pro-forma. The results were tabulated and analysed. All the cases who had whitish grey adherent membrane and evidence of neck swelling or has laboratory confirmed evidence (smear or culture positive cases) were diagnosed as cases of diphtheria and amongst them who developed features of neurological deficits like bulbar palsy, cranial nerve involvement or limb weakness were enrolled for further information amongst the survived cases of diphtheria. Patients with other evident cause for neurological deficit were excluded. During this time period total 138 patients of diphtheria were admitted at our hospital and among them 38 patients expired due to various complications. 

Results: Incidence of Diphtheritic neuropathy was 29.8% among survived cases of diphtheria in our study. Median age of presentation was 7 years and Median latency period was 18 days. Among these patients 96% patients were either partially immunised or unimmunized. All of them had features of bulbar palsy. Isolated palatal palsy was most common presentation and was present in 53.84% patients. GBS like illness was present in 4 (15.38%) patients. Cranial nerve involvement was present in 8% of patients. Full recovery was seen in 30.7% and partial recovery was seen in 46.15% of patients. Boys were more in numbers.

Conclusion: Diphtheria is a vaccine preventable disease so, routine vaccine administration, prompt diagnosis, early treatment, early administration of ADS and early recognition of complications and treatment of such will reduce associated morbidity and mortality.
Developing A Scale for Measuring Perfection Quotient (PQ) to Predict Readiness to Health Behavior Change
Authors: Sharma Manoj , Kanekar Amar , Lakhan Ram
Published: July 2018

The concept of perfection quotient (PQ) that imbibes the basics of intelligence quotient (IQ), emotional quotient (EQ), X quotient (XQ) and spiritual dimension has been proposed to measure readiness for individual-level health behavior change. PQ can be defined as a sum total of combined cognitive capacity, balanced emotions, desirable personality traits, and spiritual awareness to meet the best possible success of life goals. The present article reifies this concept into a practical scale that includes the concept of IQ implicitly by developing the scale at less than seventh-grade level. It explicitly operationalizes the concept of EQ through three constructs namely self-awareness, mood management, and self-motivation into a health emotional quotient (HEQ). It also operationalizes the concept of health X quotient (HXQ) through the constructs of cautiousness, independence, and competition with self.  Finally, it operationalizes the concept of health spiritual quotient (HSQ) through the constructs of self-love and love for others around oneself. The summation of HEQ, HXQ, and HSQ yields the PQ score which can range from 0-100 units. It is proposed that score of 0-25 units indicates needing improvement low perfection score; a score of 26-50 units indicates needing improvement small perfection score; a score of 51-75 units indicates moderate perfection score that can be better; a score of 76-100 units indicates high perfection score on the continuum and high readiness for health behavior change. The scale can be freely used by health behavior researchers while providing due credit.
Systemic scleroderma: An approach from plastic surgery
Authors: Rodríguez-Franco Karen , Miranda-Díaz Audrey José , Hoyos-Restrepo Juan David , Meléndez Genny Liliana
Published: July 2018

Introducción. La esclerosis sistémica (ES) es una enfermedad autoinmune del tejido conectivo que se caracteriza clínicamente por un engrosamiento cutáneo, el cual se da debido a la acumulación de tejido conectivo y puede afectar a otros órganos y a las extremidades. La etiología multifactorial de esta enfermedad corresponde a la interacción de alteraciones en el remodelamiento de la matriz extracelular, función inmunitaria y presencia de vasculopatía proliferativa bajo influencia genética y medioambiental.Objetivo. Realizar una revisión sobre el manejo médico y quirúrgico desde el punto de vista de la cirugía plástica de las lesiones en piel y manos y las alteraciones faciales de los pacientes con ES.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Medline, LILACS, PubMed, EMBASE y Current contents con las palabras claves esclerodermia sistémica, cirugía plástica, mano y ulceras.Resultados. La ES requiere manejo multidisciplinario; se presentan casos en los que se indica terapia farmacológica y otros en los que el manejo es quirúrgico complementario.Conclusión. Esta patología afecta de manera importante la piel al provocar lesiones que van desde ulceras digitales hasta atrofia facial, las cuales son susceptibles de manejo por el área de cirugía plástica.
Acute abdomen and perforated duodenal ulcer in an adolescent: case report
Authors: Zárate-Suárez Luis Augusto , Urquiza-Suárez Yinna Leonor , García Carlos Felipe , Padilla-Mantilla Diego Andrés , Mendoza María Carolina
Published: July 2018

El dolor abdominal agudo es uno de los principales motivos de consulta en los servicios de urgencias, sus causas son diversas y se dividen en quirúrgicas y médicas. En este artículo se hace mención a las causas quirúrgicas que pueden ser de tipo traumático, obstructivo o inflamatorio. En esta última categoría se encuentra la perforación de víscera hueca como complicación de ulcera duodenal, entidad poco frecuente en la edad pediátrica.Se presenta el caso de un adolescente de 14 años, previamente sano, quien consultó a urgencias de medicina general por dolor abdominal de inicio súbito y de rápido progreso en hipocondrio derecho, con irradiación a zona lumbar del mismo lado, asociado a síntomas vaso vágales. Se da manejo primario como urolitiasis.Ante el deterioro clínico y los signos evidentes de peritonitis generalizada, el paciente es llevado a laparoscopia diagnóstica que requiere conversión a laparotomía por cirugía pediátrica. El hallazgo quirúrgico es úlcera duodenal perforada como causa del cuadro clínico. Este reporte pretende mostrar la experiencia de los casos clínicos en los que se da un error diagnóstico inicial e incluir a la ulcera duodenal complicada como diagnóstico diferencial.
Morphometric variations of two populations of Anopheles albitarsis F (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Orinoquia region, Colombia
Authors: Pacheco-Gomez Miguel Alfonso , González-Ovando Ranulfo , Brochero Helena
Published: July 2018

Introducción. Anopheles albitarsis F ha sido registrada con infección natural por Plasmodium falciparum. En la Orinoquía, se encuentra en simpatría con Anopheles darlingi, un vector primario de malaria.Objetivo. Determinar variaciones morfométricas en caracteres diagnósticos de ala y pata posterior de mosquitos adultos procedentes de dos poblaciones naturales de la Orinoquía, donde la malaria constituye un problema de salud pública.Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron, mediante morfometría lineal y geométrica, los patrones de manchas de la vena Costa del ala de hembras silvestres, de hembras obtenidas de series entomológicas y de isofamilias. Se estimó la forma y el tamaño alar. El segundo tarsómero posterior se analizó por morfometría lineal.Resultados. Se observaron dos patrones de manchas de la vena Costa; se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el tamaño y forma alar (p<0.05) entre las hembras silvestres y las obtenidas en condiciones de laboratorio. Para las poblaciones estudiadas, se proponen como caracteres diagnósticos la proporción PHD/HP de 1.17-1.19 en la vena Costa y 0.38-0.54 para la proporción DSIII2/TaIII2 del segundo tarsómero posterior de la pata posterior.Conclusión. Las poblaciones estudiadas de An. albitarsis F presentaron diferencias significativas entre las hembras silvestres y las obtenidas en condiciones de laboratorio, no solo en el tamaño de las alas, sino también en la forma. Se presentan nuevos rangos para los caracteres diagnósticos de la especie.
Professionalism in Anesthesiology training
Authors: Duarte-Ortiz Gustavo , Navarro-Vargas José Ricardo
Published: July 2018

En el presente artículo de reflexión se busca definir y establecer los componentes fundamentales del profesionalismo requerido para el óptimo ejercicio de la anestesiología. De este modo, se identifican algunos ejemplos de comportamiento no profesional y de las posibles herramientas positivas que se pueden aprovechar. Se propone, entonces, el profesionalismo como eje fundamental para el desarrollo de la anestesiología como especialidad médica y se evalúa el impacto benéfico derivado de su inclusión en los programas curriculares.
Research on heart failure in Colombia, time to take a step forward
Authors: Mora Pabón Guillermo
Published: July 2018

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la primera etiología de mortalidad en el mundo. En Colombia, según datos del Ministerio de Salud, la enfermedad isquémica cardiaca es la primera causa de muerte, mientras que el accidente cerebrovascular, la diabetes y la enfermedad hipertensiva hacen parte de las primeras diez fuentes de mortalidad (1,2). Casi cualquier patología que afecte el corazón puede llevar a falla cardiaca (FC); sin embargo, la causa más común en el mundo es la cardiopatía isquémica.En el período 1998-2011 las enfermedades cardiovasculares dieron cuenta del 23.5% de todas las muertes del país; de estas, la enfermedad isquémica cardiaca produjo el 56.3%. Estos datos evidenciaron una tasa de mortalidad promedio de 104.6 muertes cardiovasculares por cada 100 000 habitantes al año (3). En Colombia, en un estudio que reunió 4 239 pacientes de clínicas de falla cardiaca, la etiología isquémica fue la más prevalente (38.7%), seguida por la cardiomiopatía dilatada idiopática (21.6%) y luego otras causas menos prevalentes como valvulopatías (10.5%), cardiopatía chagásica (10.3%) y cardiopatía hipertensiva (12.2%) (4).
Seroepidemiology of Leptospira infection in backyard pigs in Durango State, Mexico
Authors: Cruz-Romero Anabel , Alvarado-Esquivel Cosme , Romero-Salas Dora , Alvarado-Félix Ángel Osvaldo , Sánchez-Montes Sokani , Hernández-Tinoco Jesús , Sánchez-Anguiano Luis Francisco
Published: July 2018

Purpose:
This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and correlates of Leptospira IgG antibodies in backyard pigs in the northern Mexican state of Durango. We performed a cross-sectional study of 305 backyard pigs. Anti-Leptospira IgG antibodies were detected using microscopic agglutination assay (MAT) with a panel of 12 Leptospira antigens.

Results:
Overall, antibodies against Leptospira (any of the 12 Leptospira serovars examined) were found in 186 (61.0%) of the 305 pigs studied. Seropositive pigs were found on 80 (70.2%) of the 114 properties surveyed. The predominant serovar was Leptospira interrogans Pomona (n = 55); followed by Leptospira noguchii Lousiana and Leptospira santarosai Tarassovi (n = 53 each); L. interrogans Bataviae (n = 47); Leptospira biflexa Semaranga and L. interrogans Hebdomadis (n = 36 each); L. interrogans Pyrogenes (n = 30); L. interrogans Djasiman (n = 20); Leptospira borgpetersenii Ballum (n = 11); L. noguchii Panama and L. interrogans Canicola (n = 5 each); and L. borgpetersenii Mini (n = 2). Logistic regression showed that seropositivity was associated with low (<1000 m above sea level) altitude (odds ratio [OR] = 3.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.01–5.20; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
This is the first report of Leptospira exposure in backyard pigs in Mexico and of an association between Leptospira exposure in pigs and altitude. Backyard pigs represent a high-risk group for Leptospira exposure.
Indexical time references and attitude reports
Authors: Gennari Silvia P.
Published: July 2018

An indexical tense occurring in intensional domains, as inJohn believed that Mary is pregnantconveys a mismatch between the content reported and the content intuitively attributable to the believer: The actual belief does not seem to involve an indexical reference to the speech time. Current logicosemantic accounts of this mismatch propose ade reinterpretation, e.g., there is a state in the real world, of which John believes something. Following Gennari’s (1999a; 2003) account, it is argued that current accounts do not capture multiple instances of belief attributions with indexical tenses and an alternative more flexible account is proposed. Specifically, indexical tenses need not be analyzedde reif the belief reports is considered as an attribution of an implicit belief, rather than an explicit one (Stalnaker 1999). Such attributions are felicitous if there is an inference pragmatically attainable in the common ground that allows the speaker to infer and assert the attributed content. The speakerinfersthe reported content making extra assumptions normally taken for granted. The account correctly predicts whether a given present or future attitude report is felicitous depending on the availability of the speaker’s inference.
First records in Brazil for Arthrosaura versteegii van Lidth de Jeude, 1904 (Reptilia, Gymnophthalmidae), a possible species complex, and distribution extension for Arthrosaura montigena Myers & Donnelly, 2008, in Venezuela
Authors: Avila-Pires Teresa C. , Hoogmoed Marinus S. , Silva Marcelia B.
Published: July 2018

Arthrosaura versteegii van Lidth de Jeude 1904 has a supposed distribution on the Guiana Shield from eastern Venezuela to western French Guiana, between 100–1400 m above sea level. No records for Brazil were known. We here report material from two areas in Brazilian Amazonia south of the Amazon River, of specimens morphologically agreeing with mso-bidi-font-style: normalA. versteegii, but with two distinct types of hemipenes that also differ from that of Guianan males. Moreover, reexamination of two specimens of mso-bidi-font-style:normalA. versteegii reported from the Venezuela highlands show that they are A. montigena Myers and Donnelly 2008. This leaves A. versteegii restricted to eastern Amazonian lowlands.
Mechanisms Underlying Increased TIMP2 and IGFBP7 Urinary Excretion in Experimental AKI
Authors: Johnson Ali C.M. , Zager Richard A.
Published: July 2018

Background

Recent clinical data support the utility/superiority of a new AKI biomarker (“NephroCheck”), the arithmetic product of urinary TIMP × IGFBP7 concentrations. However, the pathophysiologic basis for its utility remains ill defined.

Methods

To clarify this issue, CD-1 mice were subjected to either nephrotoxic (glycerol, maleate) or ischemic AKI. Urinary TIMP2/IGFBP7 concentrations were determined at 4 and 18 hours postinjury and compared with urinary albumin levels. Gene transcription was assessed by measuring renal cortical and/or medullary TIMP2/IGFBP7 mRNAs (4 and 18 hours after AKI induction). For comparison, the mRNAs of three renal “stress” biomarkers (NGAL, heme oxygenase 1, and p21) were assessed. Renal cortical TIMP2/IGFBP7 protein was gauged by ELISA. Proximal tubule–specific TIMP2/IGFBP7 was assessed by immunohistochemistry.

Results

Each AKI model induced prompt (4 hours) and marked urinary TIMP2/IGFBP7 increases without an increase in renal cortical concentrations. Furthermore, TIMP2/IGFBP7 mRNAs remained at normal levels. Endotoxemia also failed to increase TIMP2/IGFBP7 mRNAs. In contrast, each AKI model provoked massive NGAL, HO-1, and p21 mRNA increases, confirming that a renal “stress response” had occurred. Urinary albumin rose up to 100-fold and strongly correlated (r=0.87–0.91) with urinary TIMP2/IGFBP7 concentrations. Immunohistochemistry showed progressive TIMP2/IGFBP7 losses from injured proximal tubule cells. Competitive inhibition of endocytic protein reabsorption in normal mice tripled urinary TIMP2/IGFBP7 levels, confirming this pathway’s role in determining urinary excretion.

Conclusions

AKI-induced urinary TIMP2/IGFBP7 elevations are not due to stress-induced gene transcription. Rather, increased filtration, decreased tubule reabsorption, and proximal tubule cell TIMP2/IGFBP7 urinary leakage seem to be the most likely mechanisms.
APEC ÜLKELERİNDE FİNANSAL GELİŞME VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİNİN ANALİZİ
Authors: TEMELLİ Fatma , ŞAHİN Dilek
Published: July 2018

Bu
çalışmada;  Asya-Pasifik Ekonomik
İşbirliği’ne üye olan (APEC) 12 ülkede 1990-2014 dönemleri arasında finansal
gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki panel veri analizi ile
araştırılmıştır. Finansal gelişmişlik göstergesi olarak özel sektör kredilerinin
GSYH % payı, ekonomik büyüme göstergesi olarak da kişi başına gelir değişkeni
kullanılmıştır. Analizde yatay kesit bağımlılığını göz önünde bulunduran yeni
nesil panel veri yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda
değişkenler arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin olduğu görülmüştür. Panelin
genelinde finansal gelişmedeki bir birimlik artışın ekonomik büyümeyi 0.099
birim artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme
arasında iki yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.
TÜRKİYE BÜYÜKBAŞ HAYVANCILIK SEKTÖRÜNÜN AB ÜLKELERİ İLE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ
Authors: GÜVEN Oktay
Published: July 2018

Büyükbaş hayvancılık Türkiye’nin her bölgesinde görülen
yaygın bir ekonomik faaliyet kolu durumundadır. Sektör, istihdama, Gayri Safi
Yurtiçi Hasılaya ve gıda güvenliğine katkısının yanı sıra kırsalda temel geçim
kaynaklarından biri olması nedeniyle de yüksek düzeyde önem arz etmektedir. Aynı
zamanda sektörün rekabet gücü küreselleşmenin etkisiyle her geçen gün daha
fazla önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışma Türkiye
büyükbaş hayvancılık sektörünün 2000 yılı sonrası gelişimini Avrupa ve Dünya
ile mukayese etmek ve sektörün gelişmesine ivme kazandıracak önerilerde bulunmak
amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada büyükbaş hayvan sayısı, toplam et ve süt üretim
miktarları, et ve süt üretici fiyatları, hayvan başına elde edilen et ve süt üretim
miktarı ile birim alandan elde edilen yem bitkisi miktarı gösterge olarak
kullanılmıştır. Analiz bu göstergelerde yıllar itibariyle görülen değişimin Dünya
ve Avrupa verileri ile mukayese edilmesi suretiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada
kullanılan veriler Birleşmiş Milletler Gıda ve Tarım Örgütü ile ilgili diğer
kuruluşlardan temin edilmiştir. Araştırma neticesinde Türkiye büyükbaş
hayvancılık sektörünün henüz rekabet edebilir bir düzeye ulaşmadığı
görülmüştür. Bu durumun temel nedenleri; et ve süt üretici fiyatının
yüksekliği, küçük ölçekli işletmelerin yaygınlığı, sulanabilir arazi miktarının
yetersizliği ve en önemlisi genç ve eğitimli nüfusun sektörden uzak durmasıdır.
TURİZMİN İKTİSADİ SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİĞİ AÇISINDAN KIŞ TURİZMİ
Authors: ÇAKMAK Fatih , YILMAZ Ömer
Published: July 2018

Turizm yerel kalkınmaya olan katkısından dolayı önemli ekonomik bir
faaliyettir. Bu sebeple turizmin sürdürülebilirliği, işsizlik ve bölgesel
kalkınma açısından ehemmiyet arz eden bir konudur.  Yaz aylarında elde edilen turizm gelirinin kış
aylarında azaldığı görülmektedir. Kış turizmi ile turizm geliri açısından
mevsimsellik sorununun ortadan kaldırılması ve sezondan sezona atıl kalan işgücü
ve kapasitenin ekonomiye kazandırılması sağlanabilecektir. Bu durum turizmde
sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanmasının kış turizmine yapılacak yatırımlar ve
uygulanacak turizm politikaları ile sağlanabileceğinin bir göstergesidir. Bu çalışmada yaz ve kış turizm gelirlerinin turist sayısına göre
değişimi regresyon analizi ile incelenmiş ve bu turizm türleri arasında
kıyaslamalar yapılmıştır. Yaz dönemine nazaran kış dönemi boyunca ağırlanan
turist sayısının turizm gelirine oransal etkisinin yaklaşık iki kat olduğu
tespit edilmiştir. Turizm geliri kapsamında yaz ve kış turizmi arasındaki
istatistiki farklılığın sebebi tartışılarak kış turizm gelirini artırmaya
yönelik yapılabilecek faaliyetler önerilmiştir.
Comparative Effectiveness of Anesthetics Subtenon Injection in Phacoemulsification of Cataracts
Authors: Onischenko A. L. , Popova A. S. , Kolbasko A. V. , Vlasenko A. Y.
Published: July 2018

Purpose. Currently cataract surgery is a high-tech procedure that is usually performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia. To  perform anesthesia, novocaine, lidocaine, bupivokaine, and others  are used. The recently published articles suggest a ropivacaine as a  new anesthetic in ophthalmology. In connection with this, the  purpose of the present paper was to study the efficacy of ropivacaine in subtenon anesthesia with Phaco.

Patients and methods.We have examined 318 patients (318 eyes) with age-related cataracts, which have been operated by Phaco on  the “Infinity” (“Alcon”) device using standard methods. During the  operation, 156 patients have been under subtenon anesthesia by  administering 1.5 ml of ropivacaine solution (0.75 mg/ml). 162  patients underwent subtenon anesthesia with 1.5 ml of a 1%  solution of lidocaine. The distribution of patients by groups was  carried out using a random number generator. 

Results.144 patients did not feel pain during the operation. Among them, most patients were anesthetized with ropivacaine (68%). Only 32% of patients operated with lidocaine anesthesia did not feel pain  (p < 0.05). Ropivacaine anesthesia had pain intensity averaged 2.1  ± 1.6 points, median 2 points (1–2), lidocaine –3.1 ± 1.5 points,  median 3 points (2–4) (U = 4,714, p < 0.001). The risk of pain  syndrome when using lidocaine in comparison with ropivacaine is  twice as high. We have found that the intensity of pain during Phaco  surgery did not have gender and age differences. There was no  dependence of the pain syndrome on the predominant type of  cataract — cortical (n = 181) or nuclear (137) ((χ2 = 1.066, p =  0.302), as well as the cataract stage.
The Functional State of Meibomian Glands and Tear Production in Pregnant Women
Authors: Trubilin V. N. , Poluninа E. G. , Andzhelova D. V. , Evstigneeva Yu. V. , Chinenova K. V.
Published: July 2018

Pregnant women are objects of special medical attention due to the fact that the new life — the life of her child — depends on the health  and quality of life of the future mother. Pregnancy is a physiological  load. It makes temporary changes in the functional state of all  organs and systems, including the organ of vision. This study was  aimed at identifying risk factors for the occurrence of disturbances in the tear-producing system — dysfunction of the Meibomian glands  and/or dry eye syndrome (SSH), as well as to develop recommendations for compensating of disturbance. The  study showed that physiological pregnancy does not affect to the  condition of the ocular surface in case of absence of dry eye  syndrome manifestations and Meibomian gland dysfunction before  pregnancy. However, there is a predisposition for the development of the symptom complex of dry eye syndrome — a reliable decrease  Schirmer test indicators of the test of in the group of pregnant  women, it requires preventive control, — reduction in the mode of  wearing contact lenses, which are a risk factor for the development  of dry eye syndrome. It was determined that in vitro fertilization  (IVF) affects to the condition of the ocular surface, namely, on the  occurrence of dysfunction of Meibomian glands and dry eye  syndrome, and is accompanied by corresponding complaints. There  is a direct correlation between the duration of gestation, age  indicators, the severity of complaints and their relationship to  pregnancy. A direct was established, with a noticeable tightness of  communication, between taking thyrotrophic drugs and complaints  on dryness and discomfort. Therefore, special attention should be  given to pregnant patients taking thyrotrophic medications and using contact lenses, since both of these factors provoke the development  of the dry eye symptom complex. Patients with IVF pregnancy and  accompanied by taking thyrotrophic drugs are recommended to limit  the mode of wearing contact lenses, in case of complaints on  dryness, discomfort, it is necessary to conduct therapeutic and  prophylactic effects in the form of non-conserved tear-replacement  therapy and eyelid hygiene. Timely diagnosis and subsequent  prevention of Meibomian glands and dry eye syndrome in pregnant  women will improve the quality of life of this patients group and  prevent the development of complications related to this condition.
New Properties of the Heparin-Containing Drug in vitro (Potential Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Effects)
Authors: Chernakova G. M. , Maychuk D. Yu. , Slonimsky Yu. B. , Slonimskiy A. Yu. , Kleshcheva E. A. , Mezentseva M. V.
Published: July 2018

Purpose: to study the cytological, immunological and antiviral effects of the HILOPARIN-KOMOD® drug in vitro.

Material and methods.We used transplantable cultures of normal cells of the human Chang conjunctiva, and the kidney cells of the Vero monkeys. The cytotoxic effect of the HILOPARIN-KOMOD® was  determined by the effect on the cell viability, and by optical density  (OP) of the monolayer of the Chang conjunctiva cell culture using the enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) with MTT. The effect of the drug on  the functional activity of conjunctival cells was evaluated by the  production of cytokines at the level of their in vitro transcription. The antiviral effect of the drug HILOPARIN-KOMOD® was studied on  the Vero cell line infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV type 2 (HSV-2). The viral activity of HSV-1 and HSV-2  and the antiherpetic effect after the drug was evaluated by  polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 

Results.No significant cytotoxic effect on the metabolism of conjunctival cells of the preparation HILOPARINKOMOD ® in  dilutions from 1/2 to 1/2048 was revealed (in comparison with the  control). The effect of the drug in dilutions of 1/40 and 1/1000 on  the culture of the conjunctival cells resulted in suppression of the  production of interferon λ-1 mRNA (IFNλ-1) and IFNλ-2 mRNA  compared to the control. In the dilution of preparation 1/1000, the  production of mRNA of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was not revealed with  simultaneous presence of IL-10 mRNA. In different dilutions of the  drug, the number of copies of HSV-1 virus DNA decreased in  comparison with the control in all cases, the greatest antiviral effect  was achieved in a 1: 2 dilution. The effect of the preparation  HILOPARIN-KOMOD® on the culture of cells infected with HSV-2 in  dilutions of 1: 2 and 1: 5 led to a decrease in the level of viral replication by 300 and 40 times, respectively.

The conclusion.The drug HILOPARIN-KOMOD® has an anti-inflammatory effect that manifests itself in suppressing the synthesis of the mRNA of the acute phase proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 and  stimulating the production of anti-inflammatory IL-10 mRNA, without having a cytotoxic effect on conjunctival cells. The proven antiviral  effect of the drug makes it possible to recommend the inclusion of  HILOPARIN-KOMOD® in the scheme of therapy of patients with viral ophthalmopathology.
Non-Conservative Therapy in the Prevention of Subepithelial Fibroplasia after LASEK Hypermetropia Correction
Authors: Korotkikh S. A. , Bogachev A. E. , Shamkin A. S.
Published: July 2018

The results of observation of patients who underwent vision eximerlaser correction by the LASEK method regarding medium degree of hyperopia were analyzed.

Purpose:to investigate the severity of the «dry eye» syndrome and corneal subepithelial fibroplasia in patients after laser correction of  hyperopia by the LASEK method, and their prevention by reducing  the preservative action on the eye surface.

Patients and methods.The study included 40 patients (76 eyes), aged 21–46 years (32.98 ± 1.79) who underwent LASEK surgery for  moderate hyperopia (4.03 ± 0.38 D). Patients were divided into two  groups: 1) control group (20 patients, 37 eyes) — postoperative  therapy included the corneoprotector “Stilavit®” and the preparation  of hyaluronic acid “Oksial®”, containing preservatives;  2) the study group (20 patients, 39 eyes) — postoperative therapy  included the corneoprotector “Hilozar-comod®” and the artificial tear  preparation “Hilo-comod®”, which did not contain reservatives. Ophthalmic examination included, in addition to standard diagnostic  methods, the Norn test, the Schirmer test, the staining of the eye  surface with lissamine green. In addition, a questionnaire was  conducted on a modified OSDI questionnaire; there a section  characterizing the quality of vision (section B) was removed.

Results.The analysis of the obtained data showed that in the study group there was less pronounced “dry eye” syndrome at 3,6,12  months after the operation. The maximum difference in the  indicators of the “dry eye” syndrome between the groups was at 3  and 6 months of the postoperative period. When evaluating corneal  subepithelial fibroplasia, maximum attention was paid to the  frequency and the intensity index. It was shown a significant  difference in the intensity of the haze between the study group and the control group by 26.1 % at 3 months, by 62.2 % at 6  months and by 65.3 % 12 months after the operation. 

Conclusion.Nonconservative therapy with sodium hyaluronate and  dexapanthenol in the early postoperative period and only sodium  hydrolurate allows to reduce the severity of the dry eye syndrome  after laser correction of hypermetropia and, as a result, to reduce  the intensity of haze development by 65.3 %, and its frequency on 11,5 %.
Hoe 'tijd' psychiatrie opnieuw betoverde
Authors: Bloem Susanna
Published: July 2018

In his dissertation ‘On time and time-forms’, the Dutch Psychiatrist Paul Theodoor Hugenholtz (1903– 1987) developed an anthropology and psychopathology based on time-experience. Hugenholtz’ dis- sertation builds on the work on time of anthropological and phenomenological psychiatrists: Ludwig Binswanger (1881–1966), eugène minkowski (1885–1972), Viktor emil von Gebsattel (1883–1976) and erwin Straus (1891–1975). Their anthropological psychiatric work on time should be interpreted in the context of a ‘new’ psychiatry of the early twentieth century, the rise of holistic science and a broad cultural, philosophical and scientific reappraisal of time. The time debate shows a reconsideration of psychiatry in which methodology, epistemology, values and the understanding of time mutually influenced each other between 1910 and 1939. This type of psychiatry should be studied as a cultural phenomenon, without losing sight of the psychiatric aspirations of its practitioners. With the cultural historical perspective it can be understood as a psychiatric reflection on the relationship between time- experience and the meaning of human existence in a modern world.
'Uitgebreid naar gelang het onderwijs zulks vereischt' Het instrumentenkabinet van de Rijks Hogere Burgerschool te Groningen
Authors: Zuidervaart Huib
Published: July 2018

In this article some personal recollections are presented about scientific instruments inspected in 1977 in the repository – and on the attic – of the former Rijks Hogere Burgerschool, built in Groningen in 1868-1869.
Dinâmica da difusão de inovações no contexto brasileiro
Authors: Lopes Ferreira Jamila , Ruffoni Janaina , Marian Carvalho Alexsandro
Published: July 2018

Inovação e difusão são conceitos imbricados. Compreender a difusão de inovações significa avançar no entendimento do progresso tecnológico. Há na literatura o entendimento de que a difusão é contexto-dependente. O objetivo do estudo é analisar a difusão de inovações no Brasil, considerando suas particularidades socioeconômicas. Com dados de consumo retirados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) para seis produtos em diferentes períodos, estimaram-se curvas de difusão, baseadas em Rogers (1962), e calcularam-se coeficientes, conforme Bass (1969). Os principais resultados foram: o modelo mostrou-se útil para a análise da difusão no Brasil, demonstrando que as teorias de Rogers e Bass são relevantes também para este contexto; a difusão dos produtos investigados encontra-se em diferentes estágios e caracteriza-se por ser, essencialmente, um processo de imitação; e devem-se considerar as peculiaridades da difusão para a economia brasileira, pois há fatores endógenos que a tornam diferenciada.
Autogestão popular e autoeducação: a experiência de Oaxaca – México (2006)
Authors: Silva Cláudio Rodrigues da
Published: July 2018

Trata-se de resenha do livro El Pueblo ensaya la revolución. La APPO y el sistema de dominación oaxaqueño. Esse livro, de autoria de Marco Estrada Saavedra, foi publicado em em 2016 por El Colégio de México, Centro de Estudios Sociológicos.
Estado capitalista brasileiro e organismos internacionais: continuidades e aprofundamentos das reformas educacionais
Authors: Pereira Rodrigo da Silva , Silva Maria Abádia da
Published: July 2018

O texto parte do campo teórico-metodológico do materialismo histórico-dialético e tem como objetivo analisar as relações hierárquicas entre os Organismos Internacionais e o Estado brasileiro dentro da ordem jurídico-constitucional e suas implicações na Educação. A revisão bibliográfica e análise documental subsidiaram a construção do trabalho. Problematiza as marcas de dominação, exploração e reprodução neste período particular da produção capitalista e, a partir destas reflexões, constata que há continuidades das reformas educacionais, desde 1990, com o aprofundamento das parcerias público-privadas, adoção do modelo das fundações não estatais, contratos de gestão e de tempo parcial na educação pública, além de reordenamentos jurídico e constitucional no país em acordo com a lógica do capital. Aponta, ainda, como instituições e intelectuais do campo privado-mercantil operam um processo de privatização na e da Educação, alterando seu caráter público e estatal, transformando-a em um nicho de investimentos financeiros. Conclui que é preciso alterar a correlação de forças entre capital e trabalho por meio da resistência organizada dos movimentos sociais e populares, que defendem a educação pública e estatal como um direito que imprime, em nós, a humanidade e o senso de justiça.
Fontes para história da educação no Município de Curiúva – PR: contribuições para a historiografia das escolas rurais no Norte Pioneiro do Paraná
Authors: Oliveira Luiz Antonio de , Silva Cibele Mayara da , Bueno Suelen Pereira
Published: July 2018

O presente texto apresenta os resultados da pesquisa fontes para História da Educação no município de Curiúva, Estado do Paraná. O interesse insere-se na demanda do grupo de pesquisa HISTEDNOPR por contribuir com a historiografia das instituições escolares na região Norte Pioneiro do Paraná. As fontes do estudo são os arquivos encontrados na Secretaria Municipal de Educação do referido município, bem como depoimentos de professores, ex-professores e estudantes. Tomou-se como referencial teórico os autores Halbwachs (2006); Marx e Engels (1999); Bittar e Ferreira Júnior (2009). O texto encontra-se organizado por revisão da literatura no período (2010 – 2016) nas revistas Histedbr On-line, Revista Brasileira de História da Educação, Revista História da Educação; fontes para História da Educação Rural no município de Curiúva-Pr; Memórias das escolas rurais São José e Maria Quitéria. A pesquisa evidencia a importância da reconstrução histórica, num contexto de identificação das influências sobre a educação dos costumes e dos movimentos da dinâmica da sociedade global e local curiuvense, como parte no projeto formador republicano. Também contribui com a identificação de fontes para pesquisas posteriores.
A imprensa periódica na pesquisa em história da educação: um estado de conhecimento
Authors: Zanlorenzi Claudia Maria Petchak
Published: July 2018

O trabalho que aqui se apresenta buscou averiguar as teses e dissertações, entre 1970 e 2011, que utilizam a imprensa, especificamente os periódicos educacionais, no período de consolidação dos ideais republicanos na sociedade brasileira. Primeiramente, realizou-se um levantamento preliminar de todas as pesquisas que têm a imprensa como fonte primária, seja jornal ou revista, para em seguida investigar quais utilizam revistas educacionais no recorte teórico proposto, início do século XX. Constatou-se pontos lacunares que possibilitaram o conhecimento sobre o posicionamento teórico nas teses e dissertações que se utilizam da imprensa como objeto de pesquisa para análise da educação, dando indícios da necessidade de trabalhos que utilizem os periódicos educacionais.
CARDIOPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF LISINOPRIL: NEW POSSIBILITIES
Authors: Podzolkov Мю Шю , Tarzimanova A. I. , Gataulin R. G.
Published: July 2018

Aim. To study the changes in the stiffness of the arterial wall, vasomotor function of the endothelium, and appearance of new cases of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with arterial hypertension with long-term treatment with lisinopril.

Material and method. 66 hypertensive patients with cardiac sinus rhythm at the age of 48-64 years (mean age 58.4±4.2 years) were included into the study. They were randomized into 2 groups: patients of group 1 (n=35) were prescribed lisinopril or a combination of lisinopril with hydrochlorothiazide over the 5-year follow-up; patients of group 2 (control) did not receive angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers. The follow-up duration was from September 2010 until June 2016. It included telephone calls once every 3 months and annual clinical, instrumental and laboratory examination. The new-onset AF was identified by the 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring results and by patient symptom diaries.

Results. New-onset AF was registered in 2 patients (6%) in the lisinopril group and in 4 patients (13%) from the control group (p=0.001) over the 5-year follow-up. Lisinopril significantly reduced AF incidence in hypertensive patients. The patients on lisinopril were found to have no significant changes in the left ventricular mass index and left atrial size according to echocardiography done after the 5-year follow-up whereas in the patients of control group both parameters increased significantly. Lisinopril contributed to the maintenance of endothelial vasodilator function and prevented increase in arterial wall stiffness.

Conclusion. Long term lisinopril treatment was found to significantly reduce the AF incidence in hypertensive patients over the 5-year follow-up. Lisinopril demonstrated organoprotective properties throughout the cardiovascular disease continuum and can be recommended for primary prevention of arrhythmia in hypertensive patients.
ROLE OF SYNTAX SCORE SCALE IN THE STRATIFICATION OF THE NOSOCOMIAL RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS AND LETHALITY IN PATIENTS WITH ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Nemik D. B. , Matyushin G. V. , Ustyugov S. A.
Published: July 2018

The lethality of patients with acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (STEMI) depends on many factors. In conditions of timely transportation of the patient to the center of percutaneous coronary intervention one of these factors is the severity of the coronary bed lesion. In clinical practice, the most common method of assessing such lesions is the SYNTAX Score scale.

Aim. To study the impact of the assessment by angiographic SYNTAX Score scale on in-hospital complications and lethality in patients with STEMI.

Material and methods. The single-center observational retrospective study was performed. The medical data of 816 cases of treatment of patients with STEMI in the first 6 hours from the onset of symptoms were analyzed. All patients underwent reperfusion therapy (primary percutaneous coronary intervention or pharmacoinvasive strategy (FIS)) with assessment of the SYNTAX Score index prior to intervention. The main group (SYNTAX Score ≤22 points) and the comparison group (SYNTAX Score index >22 points) were comparable in terms of clinical characteristics and time delays.

Results. An increase in the SYNTAX Score more than 22 points was an independent predictor of hospital complications and lethality (4.9% for SYNTAX Score ≤22 points and 21.9% – for >22 points). The group with a high SYNTAX index was older, had a higher proportion of smokers (46.8% vs 36.1%, p=0.015) and patients with myocardial infarction history (38.5% vs 20.6%, p<0.001), fewer patients to whom the FIS was applied (33.3% vs 45.7%; p=0.017). Nevertheless, in multivariate analysis, the initial clinical data of patients influenced the hospital prognosis, first of all in patients with SYNTAX Score ≤22 points. The group with a more severe lesion of the coronary bed was represented by patients with frequent development of pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock and ventricular fibrillation. Cardiac complications in this group of patients were less dependent on the initial characteristics. Strong SYNTAX Score correlations were found with left ventricular ejection fraction (r=-0.156, p<0.001), the number of implanted stents (r=0.226, p<0.001), and with complications and lethality. The frequency of hemorrhagic complications did not depend on the severity of the coronary bed lesion.

Conclusion. The use of the SYNTAX Score scale in clinical practice is scientifically grounded and advisable. Stratification of high-risk patients with STEMI during primary angiography based on the SYNTAX Score scale has a high prognostic value.
RELATION OF DISTURBANCES IN THE ERYTHROCYTES ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY WITH DYSLIPIDEMIA IN THE METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Podzolkov V. I. , Koroleva T. V. , Bragina A. E. , Kudryavtseva M. G. , Bragina G. I. , Pisarev M. V.
Published: July 2018

Aim. To study the erythrocyte electric charge (EEC) in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS).

Material and methods. 112 patients (mean age 61.4±7.2 years) with MS (average duration of MS 8.7±5.2 years) were examined. Control group consisted of healthy volunteers (n=25) of similar age. The level of EEC was detected by the method of adsorption of a positive cationic dye (cationic blue O) on the surface of the erythrocyte plasma membrane up to the complete neutralization of their negative charge, followed by photometry of the solution and calculation of the number of charges on the erythrocyte cell surface. The results of the study were processed by Statistica 10.0 software.

Results. Hypertension was found in 73% of patients with MS, hyperglycemia – in 39%, diabetes – in 36%, dyslipidemia – in 80% of patients. The EEC in MS patients (1.59±0.05×107) was lower than this in the control group (1.65±0.03×107; p<0.05). With MS duration more than 5 years, the EEC was significantly lower in comparison with control group (p<0.05). In patients with obesity II-III degrees as well as dyslipidemia the EEC values were significantly lower vs control group (p<0.05). In patients with MS, a significant negative correlation of EEC with total cholesterol (r=-0.51, p<0.05) and triglycerides (r=-0.51, p<0.05) levels were revealed.

Conclusion. In patients with MS with increase in the MS duration, degree of obesity and lipid metabolism disorders, significantly lower values of EEC were observed.