bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
É possível identificar anomalias dentárias em pacientes com fissura labiopalatina por meio de radiografias panorâmicas?
Authors: Dos Santos Alana Lima , De Paula Dayrine Silveira , Ribeiro Thyciana Rodrigues , Nunes Alves Ana Paula Negreiros
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: revisar a literatura acerca da presença de anomalias dentárias por meio de radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes com fissura labiopalatina. Métodos: a busca foi realizada utilizando-se os descritores DECs/MeSH “Radiography, panoramic”, “Cleft palate” e “Tooth Abnormalities”, submetidos às bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, PubMed e Portal de Periódicos da Capes. Foram aceitos artigos observacionais e de caso-controle, publicados entre 2018 e 2022, em português, inglês ou espanhol. Resultados: trinta e dois artigos foram encontrados a partir dos critérios de inclusão. Dentre eles, foram excluídos artigos de revisão, relatos de caso e livros, além daqueles que não se enquadraram nos objetivos do estudo ou que estivessem publicados exclusivamente em outras línguas. Por fim, 5 artigos compuseram esta revisão. Entre as anomalias dentárias identificadas, a agenesia foi a mais prevalente, acometendo, majoritariamente, o incisivo lateral superior. Outras anomalias encontradas também foram relatadas, como hiperdontia, impactações, dilacerações radiculares, giroversões, geminações e fusões, e distúrbios na erupção. Conclusão: é possível considerar a radiografia panorâmica como recurso auxiliar no diagnóstico dessas anomalias com maior precisão.
Μη γραμμική δυναμική διακριτού χρόνου σε μοντέλα ολιγοπωλίου
Authors: Παπαδόπουλος Κοσμάς
Published: September 2024

Στην περίπτωση που μια δυοπωλιακή αγορά είναι εκτός ισορροπίας Nash με την παρούσα Διδακτορική Διατριβή (ΔΔ) αφενός προτείνονται μηχανισμοί επιλογής στρατηγικής των παικτών που η επαναληπτική εφαρμογή τους μπορεί, υπό προϋποθέσεις, να οδηγήσει την οικονομία σε αυτήν και αφετέρου μελετώνται οι συνθήκες τοπικής ασυμπτωτικής ευστάθειας της ισορροπίας και η δυναμική εκτός του πεδίου ευστάθειας. Για τον σκοπό αυτό χρησιμοποιούνται βασικές έννοιες της μη συνεργατικής Θεωρίας Παιγνίων και της Θεωρίας Διακριτών Δυναμικών Συστημάτων. Στα υποδείγματα που μελετώνται εισάγονται διάφορες υποθέσεις σχετικές με τις συναρτήσεις ζήτησης και κόστους, τη γενικευμένη συνάρτηση κερδών, την ομογένεια ή διαφοροποίηση των προϊόντων που παράγονται στη δυοπωλιακή αγορά, τον ομοιογενή (homogeneous) ή ετερογενή (heterogeneous) τρόπο επιλογής στρατηγικών των δύο παικτών, αλλά και την ασύμμετρη πληροφόρηση που μπορεί να υπάρχει μεταξύ αυτών. Μελετάται η επίδραση που έχουν στην τοπική ευστάθεια της ισορροπίας εξωγενείς μεταβλητές (παράμετροι) όπως η ταχύτητα προσαρμογής των παικτών που ακολουθούν τη στρατηγική της περιορισμένης ορθολογικότητας, του βαθμού διαφοροποίησης των προϊόντων, της παραμέτρου γενικευμένου κέρδους, της παραμέτρου γενικευμένης ασύμμετρης πληροφόρησης, της παραμέτρου κοινωνικής μέριμνας και της παραμέτρου μίμησης. Εξετάζεται επίσης η δυναμική του συστήματος όταν οι εξωγενείς μεταβλητές λαμβάνουν τιμές εκτός του πεδίου ευστάθειας και αναδεικνύεται ότι η αστάθεια της ισορροπίας Nashπροκύπτει μέσω οριακών κύκλων (Neimark-Sacker bifurcation) ή διακλαδώσεων διπλασιασμού περιόδου (period doubling bifurcation) και μάλιστα αν οι παίκτες έχουν ετερογενείς προσδοκίες η αστάθεια προκύπτει μόνο μέσω διακλαδώσεων διπλασιασμού περιόδου. Εκτός του πεδίου ευστάθειας εμφανίζονται χαοτικοί ελκυστές και μέσω του Mathematica παρουσιάζονται τόσο διαγράμματα αριθμών Lyapunov όσο και χρονοσειρών που αναδεικνύουν την ευαισθησία στις αρχικές συνθήκες του χαοτικού ελκυστή. Σε ορισμένα από τα υποδείγματα, προτείνεται ένας τρόπος ελέγχου τους χάους που εμφανίζεται όταν η ταχύτητα προσαρμογής λαμβάνει τιμές εκτός του διαστήματος ευστάθειας, μέσω μιας νέας παραμέτρου ελέγχου, η οποία εισάγεται στη στρατηγική των παικτών που ακολουθούν τη στρατηγική της περιορισμένης ορθολογικότητας.
Mamluk textiles in context
Authors: Σάρδη Μαρία
Published: September 2024

Η παρούσα διατριβή εστιάζει στα υφάσματα που παρήχθησαν στην Αίγυπτο, την Συρία, την Παλαιστίνη και τον σημερινό Λίβανο στα χρόνια της ηγεμονίας των Μαμελούκων Σουλτάνων (1250-1517 μ.Χ.) εντάσσοντας τα στο ιστορικό και κοινωνικοπολιτικό πλαίσιο στο οπόιο δημιουργήθηκαν. Παράλληλα εξετάζεται το εμπόριο των υφασμάτων στις περιοχές της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου από τον 13ο έως τον 16ο αιώνα μ.Χ.
Development and validation of an interprofessional collaborative educational module on the self-management of foot for individuals with type II diabetes mellitus
Authors: Prabhath Sushma , Ramanathan Harihara Prakash , Kamath M Ganesh , Karkada Gagana , Handady Ganesh , Mohammed Ciraj Ali , Maiya Arun G.
Published: September 2024

Background Insufficient awareness of foot self-care among diabetic individuals results in diabetic foot ulcers. The management of diabetes and diabetic foot ulcers demands a well-coordinated approach that involves multiple healthcare providers (HCPs). The present study aims to develop and validate an interprofessional collaborative (IPC) educational program involving HCPs to efficiently oversee and instruct the public on appropriate strategies for self-managing diabetic foot health. Methods The research group worked on creating an educational module titled ‘An Interprofessional Collaborative Educational Module on Self-Management of Foot for Individuals with Type II Diabetes Mellitus.’ The objective of this module was to promote the adoption of proper practices in self-managing foot health for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A panel of 13 experts participated in a two-stage validation process using the Delphi method to assess the module and its educational resources. Subsequently, the module was tested on a group of 30 participants, i.e., individuals with diabetes, with its efficacy evaluated through conversation analysis and in-depth interviews. Results The three-month-long module included three sessions • 1: Diabetes and its health implications • 2: Diabetic foot and self-management • 3: Interprofessional education in diabetic foot care The mode of content delivery was via Whatsapp, and the educational resources, in the form of pamphlets, flowcharts, handouts, case-based cartoons, and videos on diabetes, including diabetic foot, its risks, and self-management, were shared regularly. All participating experts consensually validated the module and educational resources. Analysis of in-depth interviews revealed that the module immensely benefitted the participants and helped them improve their knowledge and practices of foot care in diabetes. Conclusions The study concludes that IPC educational modules can enhance adherence to proper diabetic foot care practices, potentially reducing the occurrence of foot ulcers and amputations, and ultimately improving the quality of life for individuals with diabetes.
Case Report: Gastric Metastasis revealing a Disseminated Skin Melanoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Tababi Ramzi , Khsiba Amal , Mahmoudi Moufida , Ben Mohamed Asma , Yakoubi Manel , Gharbi Ghada , Chaabane Abir , Chelbi Emna , Medhioub Mouna , Hamzaoui Mohamed Lamine
Published: September 2024

Abstract Background Melanoma, an aggressive malignant skin cancer, has the ability to spread both locoregionally and to distant sites. The risk of metastasis is correlated to invasion depth and the presence of ulceration. Although gastrointestinal (GI) metastases are uncommon, gastric involvement is particularly rare. Case presentation We report a case of a 62-year-old male who presented with abdominal pain, dyspepsia, anorexia, and weight loss. On physical examination abdominal masses and hepatomegaly were detected. Radiological imaging showed widespread masses in the abdominal and thoracic regions. Upper GI endoscopy identified an umbilicated protruded lesion with central dark pigmentation at the antro-fundic junction. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining were consistent with melanoma. A subsequent rigorous skin examination uncovered a primary malignant skin melanoma. Due to worsening general condition, the patient received palliative hospice care. Conclusion This report highlights the critical need for vigilant skin examination when encountering gastric lesions with dark pigmentation, which led to the identification of initially undetected cutaneous melanoma.
Impact of variable electricity price on heat pump operated buildings
Authors: Mascherbauer Philipp , Schöniger Franziska , Kranzl Lukas , Yu Songmin
Published: September 2024

Background Residential buildings with heat pumps show promising possibilities for demand-side management. The operation optimization of such heating systems can lead to cost reduction and, at the same time, change electricity consumption patterns, which is especially prevalent in the case of a variable price signal. In this work, we deal with the following question: How does the volatility of a variable retail electricity price change the energy consumption of buildings with a smart energy management system? Methods In this context, we take Austria as an example and aggregate the findings of individual households to the national stock of single-family houses. This is done by simulating and optimzing heating operation in single representative buildings. The aggregation is done based on national building information statistics. Results This part of the Austrian building stock could shift 19.7 GWh of electricity per year through thermal inertia using a real-time electricity price from 2021. We show the future potential under the assumption of three electricity price trends for 2030, representing different decarbonisation ambition levels. The trends show that higher decarbonisation levels which lead to higher electricity prices increase the incentive to shift electric loads. Conclusions Real time pricing turns out to be an effective incentive for buildings to shift electric loads by pre-heating the building mass. However, cost savings for individuals are relatively low which is why additional monetary incentives are needed to tap into that potential. Increased daily peak-to-peak demand from these buildings has to put into perspective to the overall grid load.
Análise da relação entre medo da Covid-19, ansiedade e depressão
Authors: Faro André , Silva Luanna dos Santos , July Dantas Santos Jéssica
Published: September 2024

A pandemia da covid-19 causou múltiplas circunstâncias estressoras com potencial de ameaça à saúde mental. O medo está entre as respostas psicológicas mais frequentemente manifestadas durante uma crise em saúde e pode aumentar o risco de quadros psicopatológicos, como ansiedade e depressão. O presente estudo avaliou o efeito do medo da covid-19 sobre sintomas depressivos e ansiosos, considerando a influência de variáveis confundidoras — sexo, nível de escolaridade, cor da pele, raça ou etnia, idade e conhecer alguém que morreu por causa do novo coronavírus. Para tanto, foi realizada análise multivariada de covariância (MANCOVA). A amostra foi composta de 4.641 adultos, de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 30,3 anos (DP = 10,57). Observou-se que o medo da covid-19 apresentou impacto significativo nos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, sendo identificado que esse efeito permanece mesmo quando controladas as variáveis sociodemográficas e de proximidade com o vírus. Análises com esse fim colaboram para a identificação dos fatores que levam a desfechos psicológicos negativos, o que representa passo importante para o desenvolvimento de intervenções específicas e com maiores possibilidades de sucesso.
Prevalence of elder abuse: a narrative review
Authors: Reis da Silva Tiago Horta
Published: September 2024

Elder abuse, a pervasive and distressing phenomenon, continues to pose a significant challenge globally, affecting older adults across diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. This article provides an overview of the prevalence of elder abuse, highlighting its multifaceted nature, risk factors and the imperative need for intervention and prevention strategies. A synthesis of empirical studies, meta-analyses and reputable sources is used to delineate the prevalence rates and patterns of elder abuse across various geographical regions.
The interactions of macrophages, lymphocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells during bone regeneration
Authors: Murayama Masatoshi , Chow Simon K. , Lee Max L. , Young Bill , Ergul Yasemin S. , Shinohara Issei , Susuki Yosuke , Toya Masakazu , Gao Qi , Goodman Stuart B.
Published: September 2024

Bone regeneration and repair are crucial to ambulation and quality of life. Factors such as poor general health, serious medical comorbidities, chronic inflammation, and ageing can lead to delayed healing and nonunion of fractures, and persistent bone defects. Bioengineering strategies to heal bone often involve grafting of autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with biocompatible scaffolds. While BMAC shows promise, variability in its efficacy exists due to discrepancies in MSC concentration and robustness, and immune cell composition. Understanding the mechanisms by which macrophages and lymphocytes – the main cellular components in BMAC – interact with MSCs could suggest novel strategies to enhance bone healing. Macrophages are polarized into pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes, and influence cell metabolism and tissue regeneration via the secretion of cytokines and other factors. T cells, especially helper T1 (Th1) and Th17, promote inflammation and osteoclastogenesis, whereas Th2 and regulatory T (Treg) cells have anti-inflammatory pro-reconstructive effects, thereby supporting osteogenesis. Crosstalk among macrophages, T cells, and MSCs affects the bone microenvironment and regulates the local immune response. Manipulating the proportion and interactions of these cells presents an opportunity to alter the local regenerative capacity of bone, which potentially could enhance clinical outcomes.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(9):462–473.
Chondrosarcoma in Proximal Humerus: The First Reported Case in Lebanon and the Middle East of a Female Treated with MUTARS® Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lebanese University Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon,, Wehbe Hussein , Nassar Hassan ,   [2] Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Adult Reconstruction, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, [3] Department of Orthopaedics, Bahman Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon,, Sweidan Ihab ,   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lebanese University Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon,, Awwad Aya ,   Department of Dermatology, Lebanese University Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon,, Saghieh Said ,   Department of Orthopaedics, AUBMC, Beirut, Lebanon.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The incidence of chondrosarcomas is relatively high as it comes second to multiple myeloma as the most common primary malignant bony neoplasms in adults. They tend to occur mostly in the axial skeleton. Hence, they rarely develop in the proximal humerus. Although imaging can aid in the diagnosis of chondrosarcoma, histopathology is the cornerstone that correlates with prognosis and guides us toward the most appropriate treatment modality. Surgical treatment is the best option for chondrosarcomas as most of them are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It is really challenging to settle on one surgical technique for proximal humerus chondrosarcomas as surgeons must balance between saving the patient from the oncological process and maintaining a good function of the shoulder joint. Case Report: We present herein a rare case, the first in Lebanon, of chondrosarcoma hitting the left proximal humerus of a 62-year-old lady successfully managed by operative resection and reconstruction with a cemented shoulder hemiarthroplasty using the Modular Universal Tumor and Revision System (MUTARS®) system. Conclusion: Chondrosarcomas are relatively rare. Their resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy in addition to their proximal humerus localization is troublesome for both the patient and the surgeon. Hence, a relatively new technique (first in Lebanon and the Middle East), the MUTARS shoulder hemiarthroplasty is found to have promising results on terms of morbidity and mortality for the patient when indicated and properly done. Keywords: Shoulder, chondrosarcomas, hemiarthroplasty, modular universal tumor and revision system.
Modified Use of Humerus Nail for Management of Tibia Diaphyseal Fracture – Rare Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Seth G.S Medical Collage and K.E.M Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Phupate Akshay , Vashishtha Arjit ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Seth G.S Medical Collage and K.E.M Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Kale Arun ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Seth G.S Medical Collage and K.E.M Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Godse Amol ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Seth G.S Medical Collage and K.E.M Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Published: September 2024

Introduction: There have been very few cases of intramedullary (IM) nailing for tibia shaft fracture using a humerus nail. We present to you a unique case of humerus nail used in tibia shaft fracture in a short-stature patient. Case Report: A 26-year-old female, was brought to our emergency room, she sustained trauma to her left leg while she was walking on the road hit by an automobile (pedestrian injury) with complaints of pain and swelling in her left leg. She has a family history of short stature. X-ray suggested of left tibia diaphyseal fracture with a left calcaneum fracture (undisplaced). Preoperatively, tibia length came out to be 22 cm. The shortest tibia nail available is 26 cm. Hence, the plan was to do IM humerus nailing. Closed reduction with internal fixation was done with a similar method as in tibia nailing. Titanium nail of size 8 mm × 22 cm was used. In the humerus nail, the bend is lateral, which was kept posteriorly as Herzog bends in the tibia nail. Postoperatively, patient was given below knee slab with nil weight bearing for 6 weeks. Conclusion: Use of IM humerus nailing in tibia diaphyseal fracture fixation is possible. It provides rotational stability, leg length control, early mobilization and is also available in smaller sizes. Tibial fracture fixation with humeral nails in patients with short limb lengths is one of the possible options with satisfactory outcomes. Keywords: Tibia fracture, humerus nail, short limb, nailing.
Russia and China in the Shifting Geopolitics of Central Asia and Implications for Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Khan Shabir
Published: September 2024

Abstract: The post-1991 geopolitical conftguration of the Central Asian region has once again undergone considerable change. The Russia-Ukraine war, US/NATO withdrawal, the consolidated nation and statehood of the Central Asian republics, China's economic rise in the neighborhood, the Taliban takeover of Kabul, and the regional connectivity plans of Central Asia's two giant neighbors, Russia and China, are just a few important hallmarks of the region's shifting geopolitics. Russia and China have developed a mutual understanding and cooperative arrangement in Central Asia that has gained additional space due to the military withdrawal of US/NATO from the region. The Sino-Russian condominium in Central Asia will strengthen as neither of the two intends to be a hegemon in the region. This Sino-Russian convergence has positive implications for Pakistan in terms of regional connectivity and security. China is an old ally of Pakistan, while Russia has recently developed trust and cooperative relations with it. Russia has long wanted to gain an opening via Central Asia to South Asia, the Indian Ocean, and beyond. Russia's war with Ukraine and Western sanctions have expedited this opening through the Greater Eurasian Partnership. China's Belt, in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), necessitates the linking of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) with Afghanistan and Central Asia. In the changed regional circumstances the Central Asian republics have a renewed interest in including Afghanistan in the regional economic and connectivity framework. Pakistan can play a decisive role in securing the southern flank of Central Asia. Pakistan also offers the region an essential outlet to revive historical links and open up in a southerly direction.
Un paradigma compositivo en la poesía de sátira política y clandestina áurea: el soneto dialogado
Authors: Induráin Carlos Mata
Published: September 2024

Resumen: Tras rastrear la presencia del soneto dialogado en distintos contextos poéticos de los Siglos de Oro (con ejemplos que constatan su frecuente utilización, la mayoría de las veces con fines humorísticos y/o satíricos), el trabajo presenta y analiza una serie de textos de este paradigma compositivo —apenas estudiado hasta la fecha— en el corpus de la poesía de sátira política y clandestina del Siglo de Oro español.
Un cuervo y una corneja, un águila y una paloma: una sátira política en verso contra Nithard y Valenzuela en la Corte de Carlos II (1677)
Authors: Usunáriz Jesús M.
Published: September 2024

Resumen: La posición privilegiada del padre Nithard y de Fernando de Valenzuela durante la minoría de Carlos II provocó la reacción airada de una parte de la aristocracia comprometida en su oposición al gobierno de la regente Mariana de Austria. Ante la inminente mayoría de edad del rey, esta nobleza conspiró de la mano de Juan José de Austria para hacerse con las riendas del gobierno. Este artículo pretende analizar en profundidad uno de estos ejemplos de la producción satírica que formó parte de las intrigas y de la campaña orquestada para lograr la expulsión de Nithard y Valenzuela, inmersa en la cultura política del momento: un romance anónimo que narró estos acontecimientos, utilizando la simbología de diferentes aves para identificar y caracterizar a los principales protagonistas de unos meses convulsos.
A Reappraisal of the Ties Between Martha's Vineyard Sign Language and Other Sign Languages
Authors: Orfila Lee
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Martha's Vineyard Sign Language (MVSL) is an extinct village sign language hypothesized to be a sister of British Sign Language (BSL) and a significant contributor to early American Sign Language (ASL) (Groce 1985). After the last deaf MVSL signer died, signs were elicited from five hearing signers. This study analyzes that data through a series of lexicostatistical comparisons following methodology from Woodward (1978) and Guerra Currie, Meier, and Walters (2002). The results show that a sample of 711 MVSL signs is 67 percent similar to ASL, 74 percent similar to Old ASL (OASL), 56 percent similar to Old French Sign Language (OLSF), and 59 percent similar to BSL. Subsequent etymological analysis suggests that most signs shared by ASL and MVSL originated in Old LSF or ASL, and that signs shared with BSL likely came through ASL to MVSL, not the reverse. This suggests that MVSL did not play a large role in shaping early ASL; however, MVSL data may still be useful in reconstructing OASL.
Experiences of Deaf Students in Chile: A Contribution to Social Justice
Authors: Vilugrón Karina Muñoz , Rojas Jessica Aliaga , Acosta Gina Morales
Published: September 2024

Abstract: In Chile, education of deaf students historically revealed a position of subordination with respect to the hearing population, oppressive dynamics, and reparatory inclusion mechanisms. Therefore, the following questions are to be answered from the individual experiences of deaf adults: What situations experienced at school represent areas of social justice and injustice? And what do Chilean deaf adults expect from education in terms of social justice? The methodological approach corresponds to a biographical-narrative design, with the participation of six deaf adults connected to the educational system. The findings reveal the absence of affection, unequal treatment, and a lack of social esteem in the experiences related in these narratives in regular classrooms. That is, there is no information in the narratives revealing that Honneth's (1997) fundamental principles of reciprocal recognition were respected in their experiences. The narrators also state that deaf individuals should be taught through Chilean Sign Language (LSCh) and other visual strategies. The main conclusions indicate that a cooperative work is necessary to vindicate the spheres of recognition as a social justice approach, especially in favor of the linguistic and cultural rights of the deaf community.
Mode stability characteristics of dual-mode whispering-gallery-mode lasers
Authors: Li Ya-Li , Li Jian-Cheng , Bai Hua-Yu , Yang Yue-De , Xiao Jin-Long , Huang Yong-Zhen
Published: September 2024

The time-domain characteristics and relative intensity noise (RIN) of dual-mode whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) lasers and WGM-Fabry–Perot (FP) coupled lasers with different dual-mode characteristics have been investigated. Compared with dual-mode WGM-FP coupled lasers in the coexistence state of mode sudden hopping, the dual-mode WGM lasers exhibit a more stable mode time series and a lower relative intensity noise at low frequency. Due to the stable dual-mode characteristics, the WGM lasers have potential applications in photogenerated microwaves and self-chaotic generation.
Monolithic linear array fiber end cap for spectral beam combination
Authors: Hu Mengting , Zhang Haibo , Shen Lijia , Yuan Zhijun , Liu Siying , Zhang Dawei , Meng Junqing
Published: September 2024

In this study, a fusion splicing system that facilitates the splicing of a monolithic linear array fiber end cap is constructed. The fusion splicing thermal field of the end cap irradiated by a CO2 laser is theoretically simulated using the finite element method. The experimental fusion splicing temperature agrees well with the simulation results. The splicing strength, misalignment, and high-power withstanding capacity of the fusion-spliced monolithic linear 3-fiber end cap are investigated. The use of the fabricated device in a dual-grating spectral beam combination (SBC) is also demonstrated with three-channel laser beams, achieving a combined beam with near-diffraction-limited beam quality M2=1.101. It shows that the development of the monolithic linear array fiber end cap is meaningful for achieving a compact high-brightness SBC system.
Tandem heterodyne light sources with dual acousto-optic modulators as an example of the optical rotation measurement of water as a function of temperature
Authors: Chiu Ming-Hung , Chiu Chao-Ching
Published: September 2024

We propose a new, to the best of our knowledge,
heterodyne light source based on a series of dual acousto-optic
modulators (AOMs). This structure differs from the Mach–Zehnder
architecture. The two acoustic waves with a little frequency
difference are in opposite directions to each other, and there are two
mirrors and a half-wave plate between them. The zeroth-order beam from
the first AOM passing through the wave plate is normally incident into
the second AOM. Adjusting the two mirrors lets the +1st-order beams of the two AOMs
coincide, as do the two −1st order beams. Consequently, two sets
of common-path heterodyne beams with orthogonal polarizations are
formed. The phase resolution of a heterodyne interferometer that we
implemented with this design is about 0.04 deg. We use it to
measure the optical rotation (OR) of water as a function of
temperature. When the temperature rises, the OR increases and goes
from negative to positive.
Perpetrators of gender-based workplace violence amongst nurses and physicians–A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Ayaz Basnama , Dozois Graham , Baumann Andrea L. , Fuseini Adam , Nelson Sioban
Published: September 2024

In healthcare settings worldwide, workplace violence (WPV) has been extensively studied. However, significantly less is known about gender-based WPV and the characteristics of perpetrators. We conducted a comprehensive scoping review on Type II (directed by consumers) and Type III (perpetuated by healthcare workers) gender based-WPV among nurses and physicians globally. For the review, we followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta Analyses extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR). The protocol for the comprehensive review was registered on the Open Science Framework on January 14, 2022, at https://osf.io/t4pfb/. A systematic search in five health and social science databases yielded 178 relevant studies that indicated types of perpetrators, with only 34 providing descriptive data for perpetrators’ gender. Across both types of WPV, men (65.1%) were more frequently responsible for perpetuating WPV compared to women (28.2%) and both genders (6.7%). Type II WPV, demonstrated a higher incidence of violence against women; linked to the gendered roles, stereotypes, and societal expectations that allocate specific responsibilities based on gender. Type III WPV was further categorized into Type III-A (horizontal) and Type III-B (vertical). With Type III WPV, gendered power structures and stereotypes contributed to a permissive environment for violence by men and women that victimized more women. These revelations emphasize the pressing need for gender-sensitive strategies for addressing WPV within the healthcare sector. Policymakers must prioritize the security of healthcare workers, especially women, through reforms and zero-tolerance policies. Promoting gender equality and empowerment within the workforce and leadership is pivotal. Additionally, creating a culture of inclusivity, support, and respect, led by senior leadership, acknowledging WPV as a structural issue and enabling an open dialogue across all levels are essential for combating this pervasive problem.
Global consumption patterns of combination hypertension medication: An analysis of pharmaceutical sales data from 2010–2021
Authors: Jayawardana Sahan , Campbell Allen , Aitken Murray , Andersson Charlotte E. , Mehra Mandeep R. , Mossialos Elias
Published: September 2024

Hypertension is the most significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality worldwide, affecting 1.3 billion adults. Global disparities in hypertension control are widening with low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) having the fastest growing rates of hypertension and low rates of control. Treatment for hypertension can be challenging, with multiple drug classes and dosing schedules. Combination antihypertensives have been suggested as a solution for their efficacy and potential to improve adherence. Global consumption of combination and non-combination antihypertensives across 75 countries and 2 regions from 2010 to 2021 was estimated using the IQVIA MIDAS database on pharmaceutical sales. Consumption rates were standardized using Standard Units (SUs) and analysed by high-income (HIC), upper-middle income (UMIC), and LMIC income classification. Global median consumption rate of all antihypertensives per 1000 inhabitants per day increased from 184.78 SUs in 2010 to 325.6 SUs in 2021, with HICs consistently having the highest rates. Median consumption rates of combination and non-combination antihypertensives increased across all country income groups but combination drugs were consumed at a lower rate and proportion. LMICs consumed a higher percentage of combination antihypertensives relative to non-combination (45.5%) than UMICs (24.3%) and HICs (24.4%) in 2021. While combination antihypertensives may be preferred for their potential for increased adherence and effectiveness, their global uptake is inconsistent. HICs consume less combination medication relative to non-combination, despite higher overall consumption rates of antihypertensives. LMICs show increasing use of combination medications, indicating a shift towards their use.
Are boarding secondary schools suitable for students with asthma? An asynchronous online focus group discussion among members of an asthma awareness group
Authors: Amorha Kosisochi Chinwendu , Ochie Kossy Maryann , Ogbodo Stephen Chukwuma , Akunne Olisaemeka Zikora , Obi Ogechi Christiana , Ene Nwamaka Theresa , Ifeanyi Chukwudi Richard , Ikokwu Jonathan , Eze Chibuike Victor , Ogbonna Emmanuella Tochukwu , Chukwu Marydith Ifeoma , Okafor Chinedu Collins , Echeta Chiamaka Ruth , Nwani Somtochi Prosper , Okoye Christabel Ogechukwu , Okonkwo Vanessa Chinweike , Eneje Chisom Jennifer , Ozota Gerald Obinna
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Children in boarding schools spend most of their time without their parents or caregivers, causing concerns about the suitability of such schools for children with asthma. This study assessed individuals’ opinions regarding the suitability of boarding secondary schools for children with asthma.

Methods

A qualitative design was adopted for this study using a focus group discussion held on a social media platform (WhatsApp®) of the Asthma Awareness and Care Group (AACG), The group comprised 150 registered members. The study was guided by a structured protocol and based on a vignette comprising three questions. Data were analysed via thematic analysis using framework principles.

Results

Out of the 150 eligible members, there were responses from only 19 participants. Majority of the respondents were aged ≤ 30 years (n = 17, 89.5%). The three main themes generated from the thematic analysis include the appropriateness of boarding schools for children with asthma; facilities necessary for boarding schools to cater to children with asthma; and outright rejection of children with asthma by boarding schools. Respondents conceptualised the appropriateness of boarding schools for students with asthma in six distinct sub-themes: asthma severity and extent of control, child’s self-efficacy and assertiveness, child equipped with tools (knowledge, inhalers, and asthma control diary), school awareness, facilities, and active support, availability of a guardian, and the knowledge and perception of teachers and schoolmates about asthma. The sub-themes associated with the themes were presented, alongside exemplar quotes from respondents. The majority of the respondents (61.5%) were in support of allowing children with asthma attend boarding schools but with some caveats such as without liability to the school, if facilities are unavailable.

Conclusion

Children’s age, autonomy, asthma management status, and the school’s readiness were identified as important considerations for the safe attendance of children with asthma at boarding schools.
Exploring a method for extracting concerns of multiple breast cancer patients in the domain of patient narratives using BERT and its optimization by domain adaptation using masked language modeling
Authors: Watabe Satoshi , Watanabe Tomomi , Yada Shuntaro , Aramaki Eiji , Yajima Hiroshi , Kizaki Hayato , Hori Satoko
Published: September 2024

Narratives posted on the internet by patients contain a vast amount of information about various concerns. This study aimed to extract multiple concerns from interviews with breast cancer patients using the natural language processing (NLP) model bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT). A total of 508 interview transcriptions of breast cancer patients written in Japanese were labeled with five types of concern labels: "treatment," "physical," "psychological," "work/financial," and "family/friends." The labeled texts were used to create a multi-label classifier by fine-tuning a pre-trained BERT model. Prior to fine-tuning, we also created several classifiers with domain adaptation using (1) breast cancer patients’ blog articles and (2) breast cancer patients’ interview transcriptions. The performance of the classifiers was evaluated in terms of precision through 5-fold cross-validation. The multi-label classifiers with only fine-tuning had precision values of over 0.80 for "physical" and "work/financial" out of the five concerns. On the other hand, precision for "treatment" was low at approximately 0.25. However, for the classifiers using domain adaptation, the precision of this label took a range of 0.40–0.51, with some cases improving by more than 0.2. This study showed combining domain adaptation with a multi-label classifier on target data made it possible to efficiently extract multiple concerns from interviews.
“But some were more equal than others:” Exploring inequality at Neolithic Çatalhöyük
Authors: Twiss Katheryn C. , Bogaard Amy , Haddow Scott , Milella Marco , Taylor James S. , Veropoulidou Rena , Kay Kevin , Knüsel Christopher J. , Tsoraki Christina , Vasić Milena , Pearson Jessica , Busacca Gesualdo , Mazzucato Camilla , Pochron Sharon
Published: September 2024

We explore the ways in which residents of Neolithic Çatalhöyük in Anatolia differentiated themselves as well as the ways in which they did not. We integrate numerous data sets in order to assess patterns of inequality (A) across buildings with contemporaneous occupations, (B) between buildings that did or did not burn at abandonment, and (C) through time. We use Gini coefficients so as to maximize comparability with other studies of inequality in the ancient and modern worlds, discussing the underlying data and our results to clarify and enhance the value of the quantitative analyses. We evaluate whether or not trajectories of inequality align across data sets in order to determine how far success in one realm correlated with success in another. Our results indicate no unified trajectory of inequality through time. We perceive broadly similar access to staple foods, but not to goods less directly related to survival; relatively elevated income inequality during the middle portion of the site’s occupation, plausibly deliberately tamped down; and no evidence for institutionalized or lasting economic or social inequality. These findings shed light on Neolithic social dynamics and also contribute to broader discussions of inequality and the social ramifications of early agropastoralism.
A cost analysis of Machado-Joseph’s disease (MJD)
Authors: Silva Cristiane da , França Marco Tulio Aniceto , Neto Giácomo Balbinotto
Published: September 2024

A rare disease is that with a low prevalence in the population. However, it is estimated that there are between 6,000 and 8,000 different types of rare diseases in the world and, generally, they are incurable and deadly. Machado-Joseph’s disease (MJD) is one of these cases; of genetic origin, autosomal dominant, with a high chance of transmission between generations and without curative treatment. Given the specificities of MJD and the lack of economic studies associated with it, this article aims to estimate the direct and indirect health-related costs of lost productivity attributable to Machado-Joseph’s Disease. The data used were primarily collected at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), during the period between October 2019 and March 2020. The bottom-up cost methodology was used, that is to say, to estimate costs across a sample of patients to produce an annual cost per patient. Among the main results, it was found that 90.8% of the sample does not work and of these, 72.73% reported that the reason they had stopped working was due to Machado-Joseph’s disease. The average age of men when they stopped working was 39.05 years of age and for women it was 39.64 years of age. In relation to direct non-medical costs, with rehabilitation and transport, it was found that these items affect about 32% of men’s income and 36% of women’s income, as well as medication and diapers costs affect about 15% of women’s income and 14% of the income of men who are no longer able to work. The study also showed that 50% of caregivers, who are generally close relatives of the patient, do not work. Of these, 33.3% reported having left the labor market to provide assistance to the patient, which means that the cost for families is even higher than that estimated for the patient.
MDL: Industrial carbon emission prediction method based on meta-learning and diff long short-term memory networks
Authors: Li Feng , Sun Meng , Xian Qinglong , Feng Xuefeng
Published: September 2024

Greenhouse gas emissions, as one of the primary contributors to global warming, present an urgent environmental challenge that requires attention. Accurate prediction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the industrial sector is crucial for the development of low-carbon industries. However, existing time series models often suffer from severe overfitting when data volume is insufficient. In this paper, we propose a carbon emission prediction method based on meta-learning and differential long- and short-term memory (MDL) to address this issue. Specifically, MDL leverages Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to capture long-term dependencies in time series data and employs a meta-learning framework to transfer knowledge from multiple source task datasets for initializing the carbon emission prediction model for the target task. Additionally, the combination of differential LSTM and the meta-learning framework reduces the dependency of the differential long- and short-term memory network on data volume. The smoothed difference method, included in this approach, mitigates the randomness of carbon emission sequences, consequently benefiting the fit of the LSTM model to the data. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we validate it using carbon emission datasets from 30 provinces in China and the industrial sector in Xinjiang. The results show that the average absolute error (MAE), Coefficient of Determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the method have been reduced by 61.8% and 63.8% on average compared with the current mainstream algorithms. The method provides an efficient and accurate solution to the task of industrial carbon emission prediction, and helps environmental policy makers to formulate environmental policies and energy consumption plans.
Use machine learning models to identify and assess risk factors for coronary artery disease
Authors: Zhang Mingyang , Wang Hongnian , Zhao Ju
Published: September 2024

Accurate prediction of coronary artery disease (CAD) is crucial for enabling early clinical diagnosis and tailoring personalized treatment options. This study attempts to construct a machine learning (ML) model for predicting CAD risk and further elucidate the complex nonlinear interactions between the disease and its risk factors. Employing the Z-Alizadeh Sani dataset, which includes records of 303 patients, univariate analysis and the Boruta algorithm were applied for feature selection, and nine different ML techniques were subsequently deployed to produce predictive models. To elucidate the intricate pathogenesis of CAD, this study harnessed the analytical capabilities of Shapley values, alongside the use of generalized additive models for curve fitting, to probe into the nonlinear interactions between the disease and its associated risk factors. Furthermore, we implemented a piecewise linear regression model to precisely pinpoint inflection points within these complex nonlinear dynamics. The findings of this investigation reveal that logistic regression (LR) stands out as the preeminent predictive model, demonstrating remarkable efficacy, it achieved an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.981 (95% CI: 0.952–1), and an Area Under the Precision-Recall Curve (AUPRC) of 0.993. The utilization of the 14 most pivotal features in constructing a dynamic nomogram. Analysis of the Shapley smoothing curves uncovered distinctive “S”-shaped and “C”-shaped relationships linking age and triglycerides to CAD, respectively. In summary, machine learning models could provide valuable insights for the early diagnosis of CAD. The SHAP method may provide a personalized risk assessment of the relationship between CAD and its risk factors.
Research on the impacts of digital economy on carbon emission efficiency at China’s City level
Authors: Hou Jie , Li Weidong , Zhang Xuanhao
Published: September 2024

As a new type of economic format, digital economy has three major characteristics: technical, innovative, energy-saving and environmentally friendly. Acting on various sectors of the national economy, it is beneficial for improving carbon emission efficiency and is of great significance for achieving China’s two major goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Firstly, theoretical analysis of the impact mechanism of digital economy on carbon emission efficiency, proposing research hypotheses on the direct effect, mediating effect, and spatial effect of digital economy on carbon emission efficiency. Secondly, based on panel data from 279 cities in China from 2011 to 2020, the econometric models are constructed to empirically analyze the direct, mediating, and spatial effects of digital economy on carbon emission efficiency. The results show that: 1) Digital economy can improve carbon emission efficiency; 2) The impact of digital economy on carbon emission efficiency has a “U”-shaped relationship, which is consistent with the "Environmental Kuznets Curve" hypothesis; 3) The impacts of digital economy on carbon emission efficiency exist in urban heterogeneity, specifically manifested as regional heterogeneity and urban scale heterogeneity; 4) Technological innovation is an important mediator for improving carbon emission efficiency in digital economy, and promoting technological innovation in digital economy can improve carbon emission efficiency; 5) Digital economy has spatial effect on carbon emission efficiency, which can improve the carbon emission efficiency of neighboring cities. Finally, based on the above results, suggestions are proposed from three aspects: promoting important industries and key areas for deep cultivation of carbon emission in digital economy, emphasizing regional balance in the development of digital economy, and strengthening regional cooperation in the development of digital economy, in order to continue to play a positive role in improving carbon emission efficiency through digital economy.
The impact of rural collective property rights reform on income and poverty reduction: Evidence from China’s rural regions
Authors: Xiang Qin , Li Jingjin , Liu Guoyong
Published: September 2024

The reform of rural collective property rights is pivotal in advancing agricultural modernization and comprehensive rural revitalization. This study aims to explore the impact of this reform on income growth and poverty reduction in rural areas, as well as its underlying mechanisms. Utilizing data from the China Rural Revitalization Survey (CRRS), the propensity score matching (PSM) method was employed to empirically analyze the effects of rural collective property rights reform on income growth and poverty reduction. The findings reveal that the reform has a significant positive impact on rural income levels, indirectly enhancing income through two channels: increasing village collective assets and promoting land transfer. Additionally, the reform has a significant negative impact on rural poverty levels, effectively alleviating poverty in rural areas. Heterogeneity analysis further reveals the differential effects of property rights reform, indicating that non-poor villages, villages with higher educational levels among village leaders, and rural areas in the western regions benefit more from the reform. This study provides precise evidence for policymakers, offering a scientific basis for deepening rural collective property rights reform, promoting income growth, and fostering sustainable rural development.