bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Word-centered neglect dyslexia as an inhibitional impairment: A single case study
Authors: Moore Margaret , Demeyere Nele
Published: March 2022

Word-centered neglect dyslexia is most commonly characterized as consequence of visuospatial neglect rather than an independent condition. However, recent research has suggested that this deficit may be dissociable from spatial attentional biases. This study aims to evaluate a novel theory of word-centered neglect dyslexia which hypothesizes that this deficit may be related to a self-inhibition impairment rather than visuospatial neglect. Patient EF is a chronic stroke survivor who presented with clear right-lateralized word-centered neglect dyslexia in conjunction with severe left egocentric neglect and left hemianopia following a right PCA stroke. The severity of EF’s neglect dyslexia was not found to be affected by factors which modulate the severity of visuospatial neglect. EF demonstrated an intact ability to identify all letters in words, but reliably committed neglect dyslexia errors when subsequently reading the same words as a whole. EF did not exhibit neglect dyslexic impairment in standardized spelling, word-meaning matching, and word-picture matching tasks. Critically, EF exhibited marked self-inhibition impairment and committed neglect dyslexia errors which were characterized by misreading less familiar target words as more familiar responses. This behavioural pattern cannot be clearly accounted for by theories which characterize word-centered neglect dyslexia as a consequence of neglect. Instead, this data suggests that at least some cases of word-centered neglect dyslexia may be better understood as inhibitional deficits. Overall, these novel findings call for revision to the dominant model of word-centered neglect dyslexia.
The Cyborg Method: A Method to Identify Fraudulent Responses from Crowdsourced Data
Authors: Price Matthew , Hidalgo Johanna E. , Kim Julia , Legrand Alison C. , Brier Zoe M. F. , van Stolk-Cooke Katherine , Lansing Amy Hughes , Contractor Ateka A.
Published: March 2022

Crowdsourcing has become an essential data collection method for psychological research, especially when access to pools of participant are limited by location and resources. Concerns about the validity and quality of crowdsourced data persist, however. A recent documented increase in the number of invalid responses within crowdsourced data has highlighted the need for quality control measures. Although a number of approaches are recommended, few have been empirically evaluated. The present study evaluated a Cyborg Method that used automated evaluation of participant meta-data and a review of short answer responses. Two samples were recruited – in the first, the Cyborg Method was applied after data collection to gauge the extent to which invalid responses were collected when a priori quality controls were absent. In the second, the Cyborg Method was applied during data collection to determine if the method would proactively screen invalid responses. Results suggested that Cyborg Method identified a substantial portion of invalid responses and both automated and human evaluation components was necessary. Furthermore, the Cyborg Method could be applied proactively to screen invalid responses and substantially reduced the per participant cost of data collection. These results suggest that the Cyborg Method is a promising means by which to collect high quality crowdsourced data.
Whither Inhibition?
Authors: Werner Kaitlyn M. , Inzlicht Michael , Ford Brett Quaid
Published: March 2022

Inhibition is considered an essential process to goal pursuit and as a result has become a central construct in many disciplines in psychology and adjacent fields. Despite a century’s worth of debate, however, there is little consensus about what inhibition actually is. We suggest it is time to abandon the concept of inhibition as it currently stands, given that its definition has been problematic. Instead, we propose an alternative framework that suggests inhibition has been improperly operationalized as a process to obtain a goal, when in fact inhibition is the target outcome. To better understand how people can achieve an inhibition goal, we leverage existing process models to further elucidate how people can actively regulate impulses and desires. Although the field has been led astray by classifying inhibition as a process, our current framework seeks to provide greater practical utility to the study of goal pursuit moving forward.
Attentional and lexical factors underlying word-centred neglect dyslexia errors in healthy readers
Authors: Gurd James , Demeyere Nele , Moore Margaret
Published: March 2022

Word-centred neglect dyslexia is most commonly conceptualised as a deficit caused by attentional biases within spatially-coded internal representations of words. However, recent research has suggested that at least some cases of word-centred neglect dyslexia are unrelated to visuospatial neglect and instead involve a deficit of self-inhibition in a phonological route to reading. Here, we set out to provide novel insight into potential underlying mechanisms modulating the occurrence of word-centred lateralised reading errors in healthy participants. A sample of 47 healthy readers completed a novel attentional cueing paradigm in which they sequentially identified lateralised cues and read presented words under limited exposure conditions. Reading responses were analysed to determine whether word-centred neglect dyslexia could be simulated in healthy readers, to compare the strengths of induced biases, and to identify systematic differences in lexical characteristics between target words and neglect dyslexia reading errors. Healthy participants produced frequent lateralised reading errors in both horizontal and vertical reading stimuli with >50% of errors classed as neglect dyslexic. Cues appended to word beginnings elicited significantly more reading errors than cues at word ends, illustrating the interaction between existing reading spatial attentional biases and cue-induced biases. Neglect dyslexia reading errors were found to contain significantly more letters per word and had higher concreteness ratings than target words.These findings demonstrate that word-centred neglect dyslexia can be simulated using stimulus-centred attentional cues in healthy readers. This suggests that some cases of word-centred neglect dyslexia may involve a deficit of inference or inhibition rather than a spatial-attentional bias within an internally coded reference frame.
Deep Lexical Hypothesis: Identifying personality structure in natural language
Authors: Cutler Andrew , Condon David M
Published: March 2022

Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) have produced general models that can perform complex tasks such as summarizing long passages and translating across languages. Here, we introduce a method to extract adjective similarities from language models as done with survey-based ratings in traditional psycholexical studies but using millions of times more text in a natural setting. The correlational structure produced through this method is highly similar to that of self- and other-ratings of 435 terms reported by Saucier and Goldberg (1996a). The first three unrotated factors produced using NLP are congruent with those in survey data, with coefficients of 0.89, 0.79, and 0.79. This structure is robust to many modeling decisions: adjective set, including those with 1,710 terms (Goldberg, 1982) and 18,000 terms (Allport & Odbert, 1936); the query used to extract correlations; and language model. Notably, Neuroticism and Openness are only weakly and inconsistently recovered. This is a new source of signal that is closer to the original (semantic) vision of the Lexical Hypothesis. The method can be applied where surveys cannot: in dozens of languages simultaneously, with tens of thousands of items, on historical text, and at extremely large scale for little cost. The code is made public to facilitate reproduction and fast iteration in new directions of research.
The intrinsic variance of beauty judgment
Authors: Pombo Maria , Brielmann Aenne , Pelli Denis G.
Published: March 2022

Recall memory and sequential dependence threaten the independence of successive beauty ratings. Such independence is usually assumed when using repeated measures to estimate the intrinsic variance of a rating. We call “intrinsic” the variance of all possible responses that the participant could give on a trial. Variance arises within and across participants. In attributing the measured variance to sources, the first step is to assess how much is intrinsic. In seven experiments, we measure how much of the variability across beauty ratings can be attributed to recall memory and sequential dependence. With a set size of one, memory is a problem and contributes half the measured variance. However, we showed that for both beauty and ellipticity, with set size of nine or more, recall memory causes a mere 10% increase in the variance of repeated ratings. Moreover, we showed that as long as the stimuli are diverse (i.e., represent different object categories), sequential dependence does not affect the variance of beauty ratings. Lastly, the variance of beauty ratings increases in proportion to the 0.15 power of stimulus set size. We show that the beauty rating of a stimulus in a diverse set is affected by the stimulus set size and not the value of other stimuli. Overall, we conclude that the variance of repeated ratings is a good way to estimate the intrinsic variance of a beauty rating of a stimulus in a diverse set.
Mouthing constructions in 37 signed languages: typology, ecology and ideology
Authors: Bisnath Felicia
Published: March 2022

The descriptive contribution of this paper is a typology of mouthing constructions in 37signed languages and an analysis of the ideologies and resources that affect their documentation.The languages are divided into two categories labelled deaf (n=26) andrural (n=11), that are defined based on socio-historical/-cultural properties, but whichhave been problematised for their conflation of multiple linguistic ecologies (Kusters,2009: 200; Nyst, 2012; Reed, 2019; Safar, 2020). The analysis is used to argue that phenomenalike mouthing are marginalised in documentation, as opposed to marginal,and that the deaf-rural divide tracks differences that are more related to issues of documentationthan contexts of language use and emergence. The Semiotic Repertoiresapproach (Kusters et al., 2017) is used to motivate the unit of analysis, the mouthingconstruction, and Uniformitarianism in Creole linguistics (Mufwene, 2000; DeGraff,2005) is used as a lens onto signed language typology.
Gender Projection Model: A New Motivational Approach of Women Under-representation in Organizations
Authors: Carrel Thomas , Gabarrot Fabrice , Joerg Dietz , Édith Salès-Wuillemin
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the present paper is to introduce the Gender Projection Model. After a short review of the different accounts and theories on gender discrimination in the workplace, and of the three main phenomena: the glass ceiling, the backlash effect and the glass cliff, we present the gender projection model (GPM), a cognitive and motivational model for predicting the selection and self-selection of women in management positions. Our model posits gender projection, the assignment of typical gender characteristics to the position of manager, as a central mechanism accounting for the development of the manager prototype, both the (discriminatory) behavior and attitudes of personnel decision-makers (e.g., selection and/or evaluation of a male/female candidate) and the motivation and performance of (prospective) male and female managers. We believe this model will allow a better understanding of the construction of the manager prototype to explain the under-representation of women at the highest levels of the organizational hierarchy.
Practices and Needs in Reintegration Programs for Violent Extremist Offenders in the United States: The Probation Officer Perspective
Authors: Stern Jessica E , McBride Megan K , Carroll Marley , Baker Adam , Savoia Elena
Published: March 2022

In 2018, it was reported that 108 federal inmates with a history of violent extremism were scheduled to be released over the next five years; and in 2021, it was reported that the number of domestic terrorism investigations being pursued by the FBI had more than doubled over the prior two years. While these numbers alone are cause for concern, they do not include those who are being investigated, charged, and convicted in state courts, meaning that the true number of extremists in prison and on probation in the U.S. is currently unknown. What is clear, though, is that the number is likely to increase, making it especially concerning that there is little guidance or knowledge on how best to reintegrate this population. Our project used a mixed-methods approach (combining qualitative data derived from interviews with quantitative data derived from a survey) to address this issue via two pathways. First, we aimed to understand the full set of resources available to federal probation officers tasked with supervising extremist offenders. Second, we aimed to identify which current practices for managing extremist offenders released from U.S. prisons would benefit from an evaluation. Our results include: a detailed analysis of the data collected from federal probation officers over the course of this project, an identification of four key issues around which officer sentiment coalesced (mental health assistance, risk evaluation tools, recidivism rates, and rapport), and an evaluability assessment (forthcoming) of program components.
Is what they aspire what they get? The role of cultural heterogeneity in the classroom for the realization of Abitur aspirations
Authors: Gerth Maria
Published: March 2022

Even though the German education system is characterized by strong between-school tracking, routes to tertiary education are diverse. Students not initially placed in a school track leading straight to the qualification for enrolling in tertiary education, i.e. the Abitur, are able to revise their initial track placement and attain Abitur after all. While students are increasingly taking those non-standard routes to Abitur, evidence suggests that even more aspire than actually attain it. In this paper, I test whether cultural heterogeneity in educational models can account for this. For disadvantaged neighborhoods in the U.S., it has been shown that cultural heterogeneity contributes to decreased realization of college aspirations because adolescents have a harder time to stick to their educational goals. To test whether this explanation is equally applicable to the aspiration realization of German students, this paper uses longitudinal data of CILS4EU. Linear probability models are estimated to test whether cultural heterogeneity in class contributes to the non-realization of aspirations for students on non-standard routes to Abitur. I do not find strong support for this hypothesis. Several robustness checks do not yield a substantially different picture.
KELEMBAGAAN PENDIDIKAN SULUK DI KABUPATEN KAMPAR (TINJAUAN FUNGSI MANAJEMEN)
Authors: Padhol Hairi , Isjoni Isjoni , Natuna Daeng Ayub
Published: March 2022

This study was a qualitative research. The thoug collection was done withtechnical documentation, observation and interviews. Objective (1) To know planning in instituteof suluk, (2) To know management in institute of suluk, (3) To know organization in institute ofsuluk, (4) To know observation in institute of suluk, (5) To know follow-up in institute of suluk.Institute education of suluk one of the informal education system. Of cours, owning separateprocedures and oder in management execution it, including into management education of suluk.Suluk management below/ naqsabandi tarikat head as tarikat head executor have the followingladder : someone which have been permitted to lead suluk dubed by Mursyid while undermursyid proxy and under referred as tarikat khalifah, while head as a whole and becomemursyid from entire referred as Mursyid Syaidul. Usually in mursyid lifing after executin educationof suluk, diploma mursyid syaidul perform mursyid, mursyid proxy and tarikat khalifa to peoplewho assumed competent and fulfil its condition. Each time suluk is sometimes lifted by twomursyid people, three mursyid proxy people and a number of khalifa as according to itsrequirement. Education decentralization give to education institute and local society to processeducation. Thereby can be expected reaching of productivity and quality education of it self.This matter also form independence institute education.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP SMP NEGERI 1 BAGAN SINEMBAH MENUJU SEKOLAH ADIWIYATA MANDIRI
Authors: Ardian Kiki , Makhdalena Makhdalena , N Zulkifili
Published: March 2022

Environmental education is one of important policy that isssued by the governmentas the effort of delivering education at whole schools by Adiwiyata programme. This researchwas aimed to obtain the description of the implementation environtmental education policy ofSMP Negeri 1 Bagan Sinembah. The approach of the research used qualitative descriptive.Data collection was done by the researchers themselves as a key instrument, whereas todetermine the source of human data using snowball sampling technique. Data was collectedby means of; (1) in-depth interviews; (2) The participant observation; and (3) study thedocumentation. For data analysis using descriptive techniques whose application is done inthree flow of activities, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion or verification.The result showed that, first, the understanding of school people about the concept, goal andprinciple of Adiwiyata Mandiri was good. Second, the commitment of school people about theenvironment education policy was quite good eventhough some school people showed nospirit and unready attitude to run the Adiwiyata programme. Third, The programmes of AdiwiyataMandiri were socializaiton to the candidate of next adiwiyata school, environmental educationand Clean Saturday programme. The programmes runs quite well. Fourth, the implementorand financial source in implementing the environmental education policy at SMP Negeri 1Bagan Sinembah was not adequate. The results can be taken into consideration for otherschools in making their schools as Adiwiyata mandiri.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN SEKOLAH GRATIS DI SMP JUARA KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Mahilda Rian , Azhar Azhar , Chairilsyah Daviq
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to obtain information on the implementation of the policy offree school for underprivileged students in terms of economics in the Champions Junior HighSchool Pekanbaru. Sub focus in this study were: (1) Understanding the implementation of freeschool policy in the Champions Junior High School Pekanbaru. (2) What were the Objectives,requirements and budget in the the implementation of free school policy are implemented. (3)The supporting factors of the implementation of free school policy in the Champions JuniorHigh School Pekanbaru. (4) The obstacles that arise in the implementation of free schoolpolicy. (5) How to overcoming the obstacles to the implementation of free policy. This studyused a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques in this research were through observation,interviews, documentation and triangulation. Data were analyzed by using analysis model Millesand Hubberman. Based on the results of this study concluded that: (1) The Implementation offree school policy in the Champions Junior High School is already match with the expectation(2) Input and output are in accordance with Implementation of free school policy in the ChampionsJunior High School is received underprivileged students in economics, the Champions JuniorHigh School students have get many achievements both in academic and non-academic, andthe Champions Junior High School graduates able to compete go to Senior high school, MA,and SMK both state and private. (3) Supporting factors are the Zakat house Foundations,Pekanbaru city government, the school, and the parents of student. (4) The obstacles that arisewas delay disbursement of BOS funds, to convince the students and parents about the importanceof education, there are still teachers who teach subjects other than their science subject, andstill lack of facilities and infrastructure to support teaching and learning process. (5) Problemssolving of the implementation of free school policy has been pursued its complete, although it isnot maximized overall.
The Conflict between Mechanical World and Natural World in ‟Travelling through the Dark” and ‟Woodchucks”: An Ecological Study
Authors: Neupane Dipesh
Published: March 2022

Eco-criticism examines the conflicting relationship between man and nature. Human beings encroach nature for their comfort and material prosperity. Nature is silent but it may crush us if we go against it crossing the limit. It is the holistic environmental theory, according to which not only living beings, but the whole ecosystem, including the biotic part of nature, is worthy of moral consideration. This paper examines how so called mechanical world i.e. physical world comes into tussle with the natural world in the poems-“Travelling through the Dark” and “Woodchucks”. This mundane world is the world of scientific inventions and machines. Human beings have become the slaves of machines and tools. They heavily depend on machinery objects to ease and comfort their life. But sometimes they misuse the machines and damage the natural objects posing threat to natural ecosystem. In ecosystem, all living beings- plants and animals are equally important as they are interdependent for their existence. If one of the animals is exterminated, other living beings in an ecosystem will be badly affected. This paper examines how the conflict between nature and modern technology occurs in the poems: “Travelling through the Dark” by William Stafford and “Woodchucks” by Maxine Kumin. This paper uses eco-criticism as a theoretical frame work for the research study. It compares and contrasts between two poems in terms of the nature of conflict between nature and modern technology. It answers the questions: How do human beings misuse the objects of the mechanical world at the risk of the natural world? Since natural eco-system is an integral part of our life, we need to conserve it for the safety of our own existence.
COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Investigation into the Experiences of COVID Infected Sample of Nepalese People
Authors: Ghimire Harihar
Published: March 2022

The main aim of this study is to explore COVID-19 and its experiences of Nepalese people. Primary data were collected through telephone interviews and secondary data were used from different published and unpublished sources in this study. This study is basically based on qualitative data. Total 30 respondents were selected through snowball sampling methods. Among the main three findings, the first is the sources of COVID-19 may or may not be identify and syndromes mayor may not be seen in every individual during first and second wave of COVID-19 .The another conclusion is that the experiences were vary from individual to individual and were felt almost same experiences. However, the duration of recovery days may be different. Lastly, almost all respondents had some kind of experience in post COVID-19 syndromes. But the post COVID-19 side effects have been decreasing slowly. This paper covers only thirty affected respondents’ experiences of residents of Kathmandu. The value of the paper is to inform people about the nature of COVID-19 in various stages.
A Modified Organic Method for Preparation of Ibuprofen Microcapsules As a Sustained Release Solid Dosage Form
Authors: Abed Al- Rahman Issraa Rasheed , A. A.Rasool Alaa , A. Tawfiq Fatima
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT:Microencapsulation is used to modify and retard drug release as well as to overcome the unpleasant effect(gastrointestinal disturbances) which are associated with repeated and overdose of ibuprofen per day.So that, a newly developed method of microencapsulation was utilized (a modified organic method) through amodification of aqueous colloidal polymer dispersion method using ethylcellulose and sodium alginate coating materials toprepare a sustained release ibuprofen microcapsules.The effect of core : wall ratio on the percent yield and encapsulation efficiency of prepared microcapsules was low, whereas, the release of drug from prepared microcapsules was affected by core: wall ratio ,proportion of coating material andpresence of additive(PEG4000). The 2:1 core : wall ratio was compared (in weight equivalent to 300mg and 600mg drug)with FenbidÂ® spansule capsule 300mg and BalkaprofenÂ® tablet 600mg respectively. It was found that the release of drugfrom selected ratio and BalkaprofenÂ® tablet was more or less similar(P 0.05) .This sustained release ratio wasencapsulated in weight equivalent to 300mg drug to be administered once daily (600mg) as two capsules as the reference.The capsules were stable within 6 months of storage at room temperature.
Formulation, Stability and Bioequivalency Study of Prepared Salbutamol Sulphate Nebules.
Authors: K. Al â€“Temimy Bazigha , A. Abdul â€“Rasool Alaa
Published: March 2022

Salbutamol sulphate nebules is considered as the most rapid effective route ofadministration for treatment of acute attacks of asthma .This study was carried out to formulate a stable formula of salbutamol nebulescontaining 0.1% (2.5mg / 2.5ml) of the active ingredient in a buffered solution .Stability study in different buffers at pH 3 showed that the longest shelf life wasequal to 3.5 years for formula F .In addition the bioequivalency of this formulaincomparison to ventolinÂ® nebules was measured and it was equal to (Â± 5.2) %.Also it was found that there was no significant difference between the formulaand ventolinÂ® nebules regarding their pharmacokinetic parameters which includeelimination rate constant, elimination t 0.5 and amount of the unchanged drug excretedin urine, 30 min. after administration (p<0.05) . This study may suggest that theprepared formula could be used successfully in the preparation of salbutamol sulphatenebules.
The effect of implantoplasty on dental implant fracture resistance: a systematic review
Authors: Goh Rayner , Tawse-Smith Andrew , Atieh Momen , Duncan Warwick , Ma Sunyoung , Li Kai Chun
Published: March 2022

An increase in dental implant placements in recent years has seen a growth in the reported cases of post-operative complications such as peri-implantitis. One of the available treatment modalities to overcome such complications is implantoplasty. Although this procedure is not new, the long-term effect of implantoplasty has not been addressed extensively. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the change in fracture resistance of dental implants after implantoplasty. Three electronic databases and reference lists of included studies were searched to assess the potential effect of implantoplasty on implant fracture resistance. Titles and abstracts were screened by two reviewers in parallel. The extracted information regarding implant fracture resistance was reported based on the guidelines set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. A total of 56 studies were identified, of which, nine studies were included. Narrow platform implants (<3.75 mm) were more susceptible to fracture following implantoplasty compared to wider platforms (?5 mm). Implants with internal hexagon connection may have a higher risk of fracture after implantoplasty compared to other connection designs such as external hexagon and conical connections. Other potential factors which may affect implant fracture resistance after implantoplasty include crown to implant ratio, implant material, and the amount of peri-implant bone loss. Within the limitation of in vitro studies, there is no clear evidence to demonstrate the effect of implantoplasty on implant fracture resistance. Methodological differences between the available studies did not allow for clear comparison between them. Furthermore, the limited amount of clinical reports of this resective procedure, in combination with patient and operator variability, affect the clinical assessment of this treatment modality.
Management of radix entomolaris on permanent mandibular first molar complicated with ledge: a case report
Authors: Mohamed Khazin Sobrina , Mustaffa Musliana
Published: March 2022

Radix entomolaris is a supernumerary root located distolingually on permanent mandibular molars. It is considered as an anatomical variant and usually curved buccolingually. The presence of radix entomolaris can be endodontically challenging to treat and susceptible to endodontic mishaps such as ledge. This report describes the management of ledge in a radix entomolaris with type-3 curvature on tooth 46. Ledge was bypassed using pre-curved K-files #10, #15, and #20 sequentially and preparation was continued using step-back technique. Then, the root canal was obturated using gutta percha and root canal sealer. Diagnostic and clinical challenges in managing radix entomolaris, and prevention and management of ledge were also discussed.
A Review of Dietary Intake during Postpartum Period
Authors: Jusoh Nur Nabila , Tengku Ismail Tengku Alina
Published: March 2022

The postpartum period is a critical period for maternal and infant health. There is clear evidence showing the short- and long-term health benefits for women to adopt a healthy diet during this period. An unhealthy diet during this period can lead to cardiovascular disease and mental health problem among the mothers. Besides, optimal food consumption during postpartum is crucial to support the additional nutrient requirements for breastfeeding and to reduce postpartum weight retention. Lack of social support and some harmful traditional dietary practices are among the barriers which prevent postpartum women from consuming balanced and nutritious food. Therefore, there is a need for effective nutritional intervention to promote better health for the population. Furthermore, the intervention should be culturally sensitive to respect the local traditional dietary practices for better community acceptance.
Acute Starvation as a Trigger for Non-Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Third-Trimester Pregnant Woman Undergoing Severe SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia
Authors: Del Carpio-Orantes Luis , Villalobos Lopez L. R. , Jimenez Flores O. R. , Del Carpio-Orantes Luis , Martinez Rojas M. , Basulto Herrera A. A.
Published: March 2022

Acute starvation was found as the single probable triggering cause for this condition, since most-common causes of high-anion gap metabolic acidosis were dismissed. We report the case of a 34-year-old woman undergoing a 25-weeks pregnancy and suffering COVID-19 severe pneumonia who developed severe and persistent metabolic acidemia caused by non-diabetic ketoacidosis in whom we found a background of 48-hours starvation prior to ICU admission. The patient underwent 13-days mechanical ventilation and comprehensive care as well as an addressed treatment for this complication. Further the metabolic acidosis got solved and lately we were able to discharge her from the ICU and, ultimately, from hospital to home with the only need of supplementary oxygen. Ketosis is common in prolonged fasting, but it rarely impacts pH in an acute patient. In conditions of increased metabolic demand, such as pregnancy and pneumonia, starving could increase metabolic stress and finally alter the acid-base status affecting the clinical situation for the patient.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN GURU MELALUI PELATIHAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DAN MOTIVASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DARING
Authors: Andrian Andrian , Supardi  , Jumawan  , Hadita  , Ch. Indra Putra  , W. Widjanarko  , D. Kurniawan  , Hafizah
Published: March 2022

Masa pandemi covid-19 yang masih terjadi di wilayah Kota Bekasi berdampak pada kegiatan pembelajaran kepada para siswa melalui daring yang dilakukan dari kediaman siswa masing – masing dengan jadwal yang terbatas, sehingga para guru dituntut untuk inovatif dalam memberikan pembelajaran daring serta kreatif dalam mengisi waktu setelah proses pembelajaran. Kegiatan ini dilakukan untuk memberikan peningkatan kemampuan dan pemahaman para guru di SD Cendrawasih Jaya Kota Bekasi terkait kewirausahaan dan model pembelajaran daring. Para Guru dapat mencari alternatif dalam model pembelajaran daring serta dapat mengisi waktunya untuk memulai berwirausaha secara mandiri, sehingga proses pembelajaran daring menjadi tidak membosankan serta pemanfaatan waktu setelah kegiatan pembelajaran daring agar lebih produktif. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ini adalah cara ceramah dan diskusi yang dilaksanakan secara luring.  Materi yang diberikan meliputi penjelasan dan pembahasan tentang konsep kewirausahaan, bagaimana memulai wirausaha mandiri, motivasi terkait kegiatan pengajaran kepada para siswa oleh guru serta pemberian contoh – contoh model pengajaran secara daring.
Kata Kunci     :          Kewirausahaan, Motivasi Pembelajaran Siswa, Pembelajaran Daring.
KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF: PROBLEM BASED LEARNING Vs DISCOVERY LEARNING
Authors: Riskawati  , Saad Rezkawati
Published: March 2022

Tujuan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbedaan keampuan berpikir kreatif peserta didik antara kelas Problem Based Learning dengan kelas discovery learning. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah peneltian True Experimen dengan menggunakan desain Posttest-Only Control Design. Sampel dalam penelitian adalah kelas XI MIPA 3 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan XI MIPA 2 sebagai kelas kontrol. Data penelitian yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis inferensial. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes kemampuan berpikir kreatif dalam bentuk soal essay. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kreatif peserta didik kelas XI MIPA 3 yang diajar menggunakan model Problem Based Learning memperoleh skor rata-rata sebesar 56,3. Sedangkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif peserta didik kelas XI MIPA 2 SMA yang diajar menggunakan model discovery learning memperoleh skor rata-rata sebesar 51,7, dan pada analisis inferensial menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kreatif peserta didik yang diajar menggunakan model Problem Based Learning dan yang diajar dengan menggunakan model discovery learning, akan tetapi perbedaan yang diperoleh tidak signifikan.
The spectrum of brachial plexopathy from perineural spread of breast cancer
Authors: Jack Megan M. , Smith Brandon W. , Capek Stepan , Marek Tomas , Carter Jodi M. , Broski Stephen M. , Amrami Kimberly K. , Spinner Robert J.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

Perineural spread of breast cancer to the brachial plexus can lead to pain, sensory alterations, and upper-extremity weakness. Although rare, perineural spread is an often-misdiagnosed long-term complication following breast cancer diagnosis. The objective of this study was to critically review the clinical, radiological, and pathological findings of biopsy-proven perineural spread of breast cancer to the brachial plexus.

METHODS

This is a retrospective study from a single institution in which a total of 19 patients with brachial plexus involvement from perineural spread of breast cancer who underwent fascicular biopsy between 1999 and 2021 were identified. Clinical, radiographic, and pathological data were retrospectively collected. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the cohort.

RESULTS

The mean age of patients at the time of diagnosis of breast cancer perineural spread was 60.6 ± 11.5 years. The diagnosis of brachial plexopathy due to perineural spread was on average 12 years after the primary diagnosis of breast cancer. There was also a delay in diagnosis due to the rarity of this disease, with a mean time from initial symptom onset to diagnosis of perineural spread of 25 ± 30 months. All patients at the time of presentation had upper-extremity weakness and pain. Nearly all patients demonstrated T2 signal change and nodular so-called sugar-coating contrast enhancement on brachial plexus MRI. Similarly, all patients who underwent PET/MRI or PET/CT had increased FDG uptake in the involved brachial plexus. Breast cancer perineural spread has an overall poor prognosis, with 16 of 19 patients dying within 5.9 ± 3.0 years after diagnosis of perineural spread.

CONCLUSIONS

Perineural spread should be considered in patients with a history of breast cancer, even 10 years after primary diagnosis, especially in patients who present with arm pain, weakness, and/or sensory changes. Further diagnostic workup with electrodiagnostic studies; brachial plexus MRI, PET/CT, or PET/MRI; and possibly nerve biopsy is warranted to ensure accurate diagnosis.
Phanor L. Perot Jr.: South Carolina’s father of academic neurosurgery
Authors: Henderson Fraser , Henderson Fraser , Hubbard Zachary , Semenoff David L. , Spiotta Alejandro M. , Patel Sunil J.
Published: March 2022

Phanor Leonidas Perot Jr., MD, PhD (1928–2011), was a gifted educator and pioneer of academic neurosurgery in South Carolina. As neurosurgical resident and then as a junior faculty member at the Montreal Neurological Institute, he advanced understandings of both epilepsy and spinal cord injury under Wilder Penfield, William Cone, and Theodore Rasmussen. In 1968, he moved to Charleston to lead neurosurgery. From his time spent with master physicians such as Isidor Ravdin and Wilder Penfield, Perot himself became “the ultimate teacher." His research spanned the fields of epilepsy to torticollis to spinal trauma, focusing the most on the basic pathophysiology of spinal cord damage elucidated through somatosensory evoked potentials. His research was distinguished by generous grant funding. By the time he stepped down as chairman in 1997, the division of neurosurgery had become a department and he had served as president of the American Academy of Neurological Surgery and the Society of Neurological Surgeons. Perot taught prolifically at the bedside, and considered the residency program at the Medical University of South Carolina his greatest achievement. Although Dr. Perot never fully retired, he also enjoyed active hobbies of fly-fishing, traveling, and hunting, until his death on February 2, 2011. He influenced many and earned his role in history as the father of academic neurosurgery in South Carolina.
Visualization of cortical activation in human brain by flavoprotein fluorescence imaging
Authors: Mitsuhashi Daiju , Hishida Ryuichi , Oishi Makoto , Hiraishi Tetsuya , Natsumeda Manabu , Shibuki Katsuei , Fujii Yukihiko
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

To develop an innovative brain mapping and neuromonitoring method during neurosurgery, the authors set out to establish intraoperative flavoprotein fluorescence imaging (iFFI) to directly visualize cortical activations in human brain. The significance of iFFI was analyzed by comparison with intraoperative perfusion-dependent imaging (iPDI), which is considered the conventional optical imaging, and by performing animal experiments.

METHODS

Seven patients with intracerebral tumors were examined by iFFI and iPDI following craniotomy, using a single operative microscope equipped with a laser light source for iFFI and xenon lamp for iPDI. Images were captured by the same charge-coupled device camera. Responses to bipolar stimulation at selected points on the cortical surface were analyzed off-line, and relative signal changes were visualized by overlaying pseudocolor intensity maps onto cortical photographs. Signal changes exceeding 3 SDs from baseline were defined as significant. The authors also performed FFI and PDI on 10 mice using similar settings, and then compared signal patterns to intraoperative studies.

RESULTS

Signals acquired by iFFI exhibited biphasic spatiotemporal changes consisting of an early positive signal peak (F1) and a delayed negative signal peak (F2). In contrast, iPDI signals exhibited only 1 negative peak (P1) that was significantly delayed compared to F1 (p < 0.02) and roughly in phase with F2. Compared to F2 and P1, F1 was of significantly lower amplitude (p < 0.02) and located closer to the bipolar stimulus center (p < 0.03), whereas F2 and P1 were more widespread, irregular, and partially overlapping. In mice, the spatiotemporal characteristics of FFI and PDI resembled those of iFFI and iPDI, but the early positive signal was more robust than F1.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first report in humans of successful intraoperative visualization of cortical activations by using iFFI, which showed rapid evoked cortical activity prior to perfusion-dependent signal changes. Further technical improvements can lead to establishment of iFFI as a real-time intraoperative tool.
Sociodemographic disparities as a determinant of fetal versus postnatal surgical myelomeningocele repair
Authors: Harbert Allie L. , Barnett Randaline R. , Abumoussa Andrew L. , Goodnight William H. , Tolleson-Rinehart Sue , Quinsey Carolyn S.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

Relatively few women undergo open maternal-fetal surgery (OMFS) for myelomeningocele (MMC) despite the potential to reverse hindbrain herniation, reduce the rate of infant shunt-dependent hydrocephalus, and improve ambulation. These benefits have the potential to significantly reduce morbidity and lifetime medical care. In this study, the authors examined demographics and socioeconomic variables of women who were offered and opted for OMFS for MMC versus postnatal MMC surgery, with the purpose of identifying variables driving the disparity between these two patient populations.

METHODS

This was a retrospective case-control study of patients who underwent evaluation for OMFS for MMC at a single academic hospital from 2015 to 2020. Race/ethnicity, primary insurance type, zip code, and BMI were collected and compared by treatment received and eligibility status for OMFS. Prevalence odds ratios were used to test for associations between each independent variable and the two outcomes. Logistical regression models were utilized to determine significant predictors of undergoing OMFS and being eligible for OMFS.

RESULTS

Of 96 women, 36 underwent OMFS for MMC, 40 received postnatal repair, and 20 either terminated the pregnancy or received care at another institution. Overall, 66 (68.8%) women were White, 14 (14.6%) were Black, 13 (13.5%) were Hispanic/Latinx, 1 (1.0%) was Asian, and 2 (2.1%) identified as other or multiple races. Among women who underwent OMFS for MMC, 27 (75.0%) were White, 2 (5.6%) were Black, 4 (11.1%) were Hispanic/Latinx, 1 (2.8%) was Asian, and 2 (5.6%) identified as other or multiple races. Having private insurance or TRICARE was associated with higher odds of being eligible for OMFS compared with women who were uninsured or had Medicaid when accounting for race and income (OR 3.87, 95% CI 1.51–9.59).

CONCLUSIONS

The population evaluated and treated for MMC was homogeneous and insufficiently representative of the population affected by the disease. This finding raises concern, as it suggests underlying barriers to formal evaluation for OMFS for MMC. Insurance status and BMI have a significant association between the access to and election of OMFS, revealing socioeconomic disparities. This was the first study to explore sociodemographic characteristics of patient populations who may be at risk for limited access to highly specialized fetal surgical care.
Zachowania finansowe osób bezrobotnych w świetle badań własnych na przykładzie Miejskiego Urzędu Pracy w Płocku
Authors: Nowacka Anna
Published: March 2022

Celem opracowania jest określenie czynników warunkujących i różnicujących zachowania finansowe osób bezrobotnych. Podstawą empiryczną problematyki poruszonej w artykule jest przegląd literatury przedmiotu oraz wyniki badania ankietowego przeprowadzonego wśród 350 osób bezrobotnych zarejestrowanych w Miejskim Urzędzie Pracy w Płocku. Należy jednak podkreślić, że próba nie miała charakteru reprezentatywnego i wnioski odnoszą się tylko do badanej grupy. Analiza teoretyczna i empiryczna wskazuje, że zachowania finansowe osób bezrobotnych są efektem wpływu czynników społeczno-demograficznych: wieku, wykształcenia, przyczyn i okresu zarejestrowania w urzędzie pracy. Działają one z rożną siłą i w rożnym kierunku. Wyniki badania wskazują, że osoby młodsze, z wykształceniem co najmniej średnim lepiej oceniały swoją sytuację finansową i miały wyższą świadomość roli oszczędzania. Wśród absolwentów i młodszych bezrobotnych z krótkim okresem zarejestrowania w urzędzie pracy odnotowano najwyższą miesięczną stopę oszczędności. Osoby bezrobotne w wieku powyżej 36 lat częściej doświadczały trudności w zakresie regulowania zobowiązań finansowych i korzystały z kredytów i pożyczek.
Kryzysy (neo)liberalizmu a funkcjonowanie reżimów międzynarodowych
Authors: Niedźwiecki Artur
Published: March 2022

W artykule skoncentrowano się na analizie funkcjonowania idei neoliberalnych w kontekście rozmaitych kryzysów dotykających aktualnie Zachód. Jego hipotezą jest stwierdzenie, że neoliberalizm – będąc doktryną tam uformowaną – przyczynia się do stopniowej transformacji struktur świata zachodniego, których znaczenie polityczno-gospodarcze – w wyniku zachodzących zmian – sukcesywnie się obniża. Ze względu na rosnące nierówności społeczne architektura społeczno-gospodarcza Zachodu upodabnia się coraz bardziej do gremiów, które do tej pory występowały na obszarach peryferyjnych. Dostrzeganą tam reakcją na powyższy fenomen jest m.in. wzrost znaczenia radykalizmów, które kontestują zastane paradygmaty w dziedzinie polityki i ekonomii. Mimo licznych kryzysów dotykających zachodnie struktury władzy i gospodarki nadal zauważyć można tam dominację analizowanej ideologii. Coraz częściej do głosu dochodzi jednak przekonanie o końcu neoliberalnej ery w stosunkach międzynarodowych, prowadzącym potencjalnie do dekompozycji multilateralnych instytucji polityki światowej, które dotychczas stanowiły pas transmisyjny m.in. dla idei neoliberalnych.
Mongolian "Third Neighbor" Foreign Policy Concept: History, Features and Prospects
Authors: Ignatov Ivan
Published: March 2022

This article studies the history and features of the "third neighbor" concept, which has determined Mongolia's foreign policy since the 1990s, as well as the prospects for its change at the present stage. The author describes the circumstances of this concept’s emergence and the reasons for its adoption by the Mongolian leadership, then analyzes its characteristic features and its differences from the approaches of other "small states" pursuing foreign policy on the basis of the “multi-vector” principle. Among other things, the factors considered include the geopolitical situation in the region of Northeast Asia, the geographical position of Mongolia, its historical experience of being dominated by neighboring powers, the problems of its economy and the local elite’s desire to ensure the dominance of Western values in the country’s political life after 1990. The author proceeds to study the motives and approaches of the "third neighbor" states towards partnership with Mongolia, noting the transition from the preferential provision of humanitarian aid at the initial stage to the implementation of mutually beneficial projects since the early 2000s. Special attention is given to the gradually emerging differences between the interests and priorities of Western and Eastern countries in Mongolia. This is followed by an analysis of the prospects for the "third neighbor" concept and the challenges it faces, associated, in particular, with the ever-escalating confrontation between the collective West and Mongolia's closest neighbors — Russia and China. The author comes to the conclusion that third countries — primarily the United States —might, under certain conditions, try to force the Mongolians to choose between their main partners, just as it happened with certain other states close to Russia.