bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LP‐6: Late‐News Poster: Plasma Treatment for Room‐Temperature Crystallization of Amorphous Thin Films
Authors: Ohsaki H. , Shibayama Y. , Kinbara A. , Watanabe T. , Fukuhisa K. , Shinohara K. , Nakajima A.
Published: January 2005

The crystallization of amorphous metal oxide thin films was achieved by RF plasma treatment. Although various amorphous films are crystallized after 3 minutes or so, the sample temperature is lower than 150 degrees C without compulsory cooling even when the films are treated for 1 hour. The oxygen gas pressure on the plasma treatment was found to be the key parameter on the crystallization. This treatment works on amorphous films of various materials, independently of the film preparation method and substrate materials.
P‐54: Scalability of OLED Fluorescence in Consideration of Sunlight‐Readability Reflection Measurements
Authors: Kelley Edward F. , Penczek John
Published: January 2005

The fluorescence characteristics of an OLED material are demonstrated to be linear with sunlight‐like illuminance levels up to several suns. It is therefore possible to make laboratory reflection measurements with much lower illuminance levels and scale them to sunlight levels to qualify such displays for sunlight readability.
P‐56: Line Profile Measurement on LCD Substrates by Diffraction from Periodic Structure
Authors: Okabe Hiroshi , Fukui Hiroshi , Furusawa Hirokazu , Honjo Takuya , Naito Hitoshi
Published: January 2005

We developed a line profile sensor on LCD substrate using the diffraction properties of electromagnetic waves. The sensor can measure the line width and height simultaneously with less than several seconds. The small size of 200mm(W) × 150mm(D) × 250mm(H) makes in‐line installation easy. We analyzed the diffracted beams from LCD substrates, and derived the line profiles experimentally.
P‐57: Cell Gap Measurement Method for Reflective LCDs
Authors: Jung Mi Jun , Gwag Jin Seog , Lee Gi‐Dong , Kim Jae Chang , Yoon Tae‐Hoon
Published: January 2005

We propose a method for measuring the cell gap of reflective liquid crystal cells. We can determine the thickness of a nematic liquid crystal cell by measuring the total intensity ratio of the reflected light at two arbitrary wavelength regions. This method, which is easy to use, can provide precise results for low cell gaps as well as high cell gaps.
P‐60: LCD Smear Elimination by Scanning Ray Angle into a Light Guide
Authors: Travis Adrian
Published: January 2005

LCD moving image smear can be eliminated without power loss by sequentially modulating segmented illuminators at the edge of a wedge light guide.
P‐61: Luminance Characteristics of Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (CCFL) Containing Hg and Ar + Xe Gases
Authors: Kim Jeongeui , Lim Sungkyoo
Published: January 2005

The cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) with Ar and Xe gases was manufactured and the luminance characteristics were measured under various ambient Temperatures. The luminance of CCFL with Ar + 10% Xe showed higher luminance and luminous efficiency than that of CCFL with Ar gas only. The luminance and the luminous efficiency of CCFL with Ar + 10%Xe were approximately 40% and 8% higher than that with Ar gas only at ambient temperature of 50 °C. It was found that the luminance and luminous efficiency of CCFL can improve by addition of Xe gas.
P‐62: Stereoscopic Display Using Cylindrical Lenses for Induction of Proper Accommodation
Authors: Akutsu Takeshi , Kakeya Hideki
Published: January 2005

The authors present a stereoscopic display system which gives stereoscopic views without contradiction between accommodation and binocular convergence of the viewer's eyes. The presented system consists of cylindrical lenses and electronic image displays with high frequency striped patterns, which can realize electronic motion images without VR sickness with affordable cost.
P‐65: FLOATS V: Real‐Image‐Based Autostereoscopic Display with TFT‐LC Filter
Authors: Kakeya Hideki
Published: January 2005

The author proposes FLOATS V: a real‐image‐based autostereoscopic display with a TFT‐LC filter. FLOATS is an autostereoscopic display technology which combines generation of floating real image and parallax presentation to show realistic 3‐D image within the viewer's reach. Earlier versions of FLOATS have used mechanical control of filters to keep on showing different images to each eye when the head of the viewer moves, which has often caused disturbances of stereoscopic views in case of fast motion or large inclination of the viewer's head. The system proposed in this paper uses an electronic LC filter instead of mechanical filters and succeeds in overcoming the problems of conventional FLOATS mentioned above.
P‐68: Numerical Optimization of Heat Sink Configuration for Avoiding Sound Noise Resonance in PDP PCB
Authors: Cho Insoo , Lee Seokyeong , Kim Seoksan
Published: January 2005

PDP module mainly consists of panel and circuitries. Sound noise level in PDP module's rear side is relatively high rather than that in front side. It is due to sound noise caused from PCBs placed on rear side of PDP module. To analyze sound noise source and reduce sound noise level on PCB's of PDP module. Current wave form, voltage wave form and FFT spectrum are examined by oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer for PCB driving circuit board. Vibration frequency is measured by vibration sensor for parts on PCBs. It is found that peak frequency taken place from driver circuitry PCBs is as same as that of vibration on heat sink connected to MOSFET chip for heat dissipation of MOSFET chip on a PCB. Heat Sink is generally composed of aluminum metal and is also made large in height and area of heat dissipation to remove much more heat originated from MOSFET chip which is small in size on PCBs. Resonance noise between MOSFET chip and heat sink is enlarged much more through heat dissipation area of heat sink with a number of aluminum thin plate. Here, numerical approach of heat sink configuration is performed to avoid resonance frequency and reduce sound noise level on rear side of PDP module.
P‐70: New Long Gap Discharge Mode Driven by Low Sustain Voltage for Highly Efficient Plasma Displays
Authors: Kim Hyun , Kim Jae Young , Tae Heung‐Sik , Seo Jeong Hyun , Lee Seok‐Hyun
Published: January 2005

This paper proposes a new long gap discharge mode with a long gap of 400 μm driven by a low sustain voltage (< 200 V) for a highly efficient three‐electrode alternate current plasma display panel (ac‐PDP). Two different types of long‐gap discharge modes can be created depending on the voltage distribution among the three electrodes: a forward long gap discharge mode (FLGDM) with a high sustain voltage where the discharge is initiated from the voltage‐supplied electrode, and a reverse long gap discharge mode (RLGDM) with a low sustain voltage where the discharge is initiated from the ground electrode. As such, in the current study, a highly efficient discharge mode in a long gap was efficiently constructed under a low sustain voltage by properly controlling the amplitude and width of the auxiliary short pulse applied to the address electrode, resulting in a reverse long gap discharge mode with a high efficiency of 2.5 lm/W at a sustain voltage of 170 V.
P‐72: Effect of Additional Pulse on the Addressing Period for Improving the Addressing Time in AC PDPs
Authors: Lim Jong‐Sik , Kim Hyun‐Seok , Kim Joon‐Yub
Published: January 2005

When the ADS driving method is applied to the high‐resolution AC PDP, the required long addressing time often becomes a problem. In this paper, a new waveform for the improvement of the luminance and the stable addressing discharge is presented. In this new waveform, a wall charge acceleration pulse is applied to the common electrode right after addressing discharge. In this way, the charge generated by the addressing discharge is accelerated to the electrodes. Experiments using the wall charge acceleration pulse showed that we could stably address an AC PDP with the scan pulses having pulse width of 1us.
P‐73: A New Gray‐scale Driving Method in an AC Plasma Display Panel
Authors: Kim Jae‐Sung , Hwang Hyun‐Tae , Kim Sung‐Hwan , Kim Gun‐Su , Lee Seok‐Hyun , Seo Jeong‐Hyun
Published: January 2005

In this paper, a new gray scale expression method that divides scan lines into multiple blocks is suggested. The proposed method can drive 16 sub‐fields per 1 TV field in the panel with XGA (1366×768) resolution. Because reset pulse is applied every 2 sub‐fields, both the contrast ratio and the dynamic voltage margin are sufficiently obtained in comparison with previous AWD (Address While Display) methods. In realizing 16 subfields, shortening the scan time in the erase address period was important. The X bias voltage in the erase address period affected the minimum address voltage but did not the delay time of address discharge. The delay time of address discharge was affected by the address voltage and the time interval between the last sustain discharge and the scanning time. We also evaluated the dynamic false contour. New method shows an improved image quality in horizontal moving, but discontinuous lines were observed at the boundaries of each block.
P‐74: A Study of the Addressing Discharge Change for the Ramp Pulse in ac Plasma Display Panels
Authors: Kwon Shi‐Ok , Lee Jea‐Kyung , Hwang Ho‐Jung
Published: January 2005

In this study, a new driving method is suggested to improve the luminance efficiency and the luminance. We applied a ramp pulse, instead of a square pulse, to an address period in Address Display period Separated, for operating on the Plasma Display Panels, which used the conventional gas [He‐Ne‐Xe]. When the ramp pulse is applied to the address period, improvement of the luminance and the luminance efficiency, and discharge response time was decreased. Additionally, infra red ray emission and discharge current were almost constant irrespective of the slopes of ramp pulse.
P‐76: Design of Facing Reset Discharge Waveform for Reducing Dark Image Sticking in AC‐PDP
Authors: Han Jin‐Won , Cho Byung‐Gwon , Tae Heung‐Sik , Chien Sung‐Il , Shin Bhum Jae , Kim Joon‐Yub
Published: January 2005

The new facing reset discharge waveform is designed and proposed to reduce a dark image sticking in AC‐PDP. In particular, the influences of two types of reset discharge (surface reset and facing reset discharges) on dark image sticking are investigated intensively. It is observed that the dark image sticking is reduced considerably when a reset discharge is produced between the scan and address electrodes instead of between the scan and sustain electrodes during a reset‐period.
P‐77: A New Measure of Dynamic False Contour in PDPs for Subfield Optimization
Authors: Eo Yoon‐Phil , Lee Sang‐Uk
Published: January 2005

Plasma display panels (PDPs) suffer from the dynamic false contour which is the critical problem in obtaining higher picture quality. Subfield optimization technique is known to alleviate this artifact. In this paper, we propose two‐tone response as a new measure to evaluate and quantify the dynamic false contour of a subfield look‐up table (LUT). Then, we propose an effective subfield optimization technique, using the two‐tone response. Simulation results show that the dynamic false contour can be effectively reduced by the new subfield optimization algorithm based on the two‐tone response.
LP‐7: Late‐News Poster: Development of an Infrared Laser Thomson Scattering System for Measurements of Electron Density and Electron Temperature of a PDP Micro‐discharge Plasma
Authors: Kim Y. K. , Tomita K. , Hassaballa S. , Uchino K. , Muraoka K. , Hatanaka H. , Kim Y. M. , Lee S. E. , Son S. H. , Jang S. H.
Published: January 2005

An infrared laser Thomson scattering (LTS) system is newly developed so that LTS is applicable to measurements of electron density and electron temperature of PDP micro‐discharge plasmas produced in Ne/Xe gas mixtures. The first experimental result shows that the performance of the system is good enough for the present purpose.
P‐83: Liquid Crystal Alignment on Substrates Treated with the Plasma Flux: Static and Dynamic Regimes of Irradiation
Authors: Yaroshchuk Oleg , Kravchuk Ruslan , Dobrovolskyy Andriy , Lee C.‐D. , Liu P.‐C. , Qiu Liou , Lavrentovich Oleg D.
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we present the new results related to LC alignment on the substrates obliquely treated with a “sheet” of accelerated Ar+ plasma generated by an anode layers thruster (ALT). The substrates of organic (polymers) and inorganic (glass, DLC, SiO2, etc.) origin were treated with the plasma flux in static and dynamic regime (unidirectional translation perpendicularly to plasma “sheet”). For LCs with Δ∍<0, in both regimes, we observed two aligning modes, with the easy axis confined to the plane of plasma incidence (mode 1) or perpendicular to this plane (mode 2). In the 1st aligning mode the LC pretilt angle is not equal to zero and can be varied with the incidence angle of plasma beam and the irradiation dose. The uniformity of pretilt angle is better in the dynamic regime. With the increase of irradiation dose, the alignment transition from the 1st to the 2nd mode occurs. For the LC mixtures with Δ∍<0, used for VA LCD, only the 1st mode alignment (uniform over the whole substrate) is realized. It occurs at low and even at the relatively high irradiation doses, which cause the 2nd mode alignment for the LCs with δ∍>0. The pretilt angle achieves values as high as 30° and can be controlled by the irradiation dose and by the incidence angle of plasma beam. The 2nd alignment mode is observed at high irradiation doses and only in the static regime of irradiation. It occurs in the central, most intensive part, of the plasma “sheet”, while the periphery part shows the 1st mode. The areas of the 1st and the 2nd mode are separated with the narrow transition area showing multidomain (two‐fold degenerate) LC alignment. The easy axis in these domains is turned by about ±45° with respect to the alignment direction in the 1st mode area. The alignment transition 1st mode — two‐fold degenerate alignment — 2nd mode observed for LC with δ∍<0 is quite similar to the one earlier described for vapor deposition alignment. In the dynamic irradiation regime, for both types of LC, uniform alignment on the substrates as big as 15×15 cm is realized.
P‐85: Hybrid Aligned Nematic Liquid Crystal Cell of Two Domains using Two Identical Alignment Layers Treated by Ion Beam
Authors: Gwag Jin Seog , Park Kyong‐Ho , Jung Mi Jun , Lee Jong Lac , Lee Gi‐Dong , Kim Jae Chang , Yoon Tae‐Hoon , Kim Hee , Cho Seong Jin
Published: January 2005

Polyimide layers for homeotropic alignment can align liquid crystal horizontally after an ion beam is exposed on their surfaces in proper conditions. By exposing an ion beam on homeotropic alignment layers, we can achieve multi‐domain alignment for a hybrid‐aligned‐nematic (HAN) cell. We found that a two‐domain HAN cell achieved by the ion beam exposure shows good electro‐optical characteristics. We also point out that use of two same alignment layers in a HAN sample could reduce the cost for product and the generation of a DC offset voltage.
LP‐8: Late News Poster: Ion Beam Sputter Deposition Process of Inorganic Vertical Alignment Layers
Authors: Murauski A. , Khakhlou A. , Shiripov V. , Gerasimovich A.
Published: January 2005

The research results of silicon dioxide thin films alignment properties is presented. The films was deposited by oblique ion beam sputtering on glass substrate. Films thickness and angle condensation influences on the value of pretilt angle of liquid crystal vertical alignment mode is shown. Role of the surface morphology of alignment layers is discussed. The highly uniform vertical alignment layers can be produced using ion beam coating on the substrates with dimensions 300 × 400mm and more.
LP‐9: Late News Poster: Patterned Alignment Layers Using Holographic Exposure Technique
Authors: Eakin James N. , Xie Yunhe , Pelcovits Robert A. , Crawford Gregory P. , Radcliffe Marc D.
Published: January 2005

We present a novel method to create patterned alignment layers using holography with a photopolymerizable layer, and show the various types of alignments that are possible. The technique is very flexible and can create a rich variety of new configurations, not possible with conventional lithograph patterning techniques.
P‐87: FM‐LCDs Fabricated by Doping Ag Nanoparticles with Fast Switching Speed in Milli‐seconds and Submilli‐seconds
Authors: Miyama Tomohiro , Masumi Takenori , Kundu Sudarshan , Shiraki Hiroyuki , Sakai Yoshio , Shiraishi Yukihide , Toshima Naoki , Kobayashi Shunsuke
Published: January 2005

A TN‐LCD fabricated by doping Ag nanoparticles, which protected with NLC molecules, 5CB, exhibits frequency modulation response to driving voltage waveform and particularly shows fast response to the high frequency component of the applied voltage with the response times of several ms and 550μs. Response characteristics of FM‐TN‐LCD in frequency switching and to square voltage waveforms are demonstrated and the mechanism is discussed through their dielectric properties.
P‐89: Holographic Polymer‐Dispersed LCDs: A New Model of Formation Kinetics
Authors: Qi Jun , Crawford Gregory P.
Published: January 2005

In this paper, a modified diffusion model with a non‐local polymerization term is proposed to describe the formation of reflective holographic polymer‐dispersed liquid crystals. Based on this non‐local polymerization mechanism, the anomalous relation between exposure condition and reflection efficiency is well explained.
P‐93: A High Contrast Micro‐Cell Liquid Crystal Display Film
Authors: Liu Kang‐Hung , Liao Chi‐Chang , Hung Yu‐Chu , Chan Ching‐Hsiang
Published: January 2005

We have developed a high contrast micro‐cell liquid crystal display by microstructure replication technology. This novel flexible LCD technology comprises micro‐cell replication process, alignment treatments, and cell assembly process. Compared with photopolymerisation‐induced phase separation, the micro‐cell LCD has higher contrast ratio, and reliable manufacturing process. This technology can be a good solution for high performance flexible LCD.
P‐94: Twisted PDLC for High Contrast Reflective Displays
Authors: Lin Yi‐Hsin , Ren Hongwen , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: January 2005

A high brightness and high contrast reflective display using twisted‐boundary polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal (TPDLC) is developed. The TPDLC is polarization independent while exhibiting a higher contrast ratio and lower operating voltage as compared to the conventional PDLC film. A black and white segmented‐alphabet reflective display using a dye‐doped TPDLC is also demonstrated.
P‐95: Electro‐Optical Analysis of Super‐IPS LCDs by Using 3‐D Molecular Director Simulation of TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Jung Sung‐Min , Jang Sang‐Han , Park Ki‐Bok , Lee Seung‐Chul , Seo Chang‐Ryong , Park Woo‐Sang
Published: January 2005

In this study, we performed a three‐dimensional computer simulation for the electro‐optical characteristics of a super in‐plane switching liquid crystal displays(Super IPS‐LCDs) in a unit pixel of TFT‐LCDs, for the first time, and compared the results with experiments. The dynamic equation of continuum theory for liquid crystals is based on a tensorial formulation. As a numerical technique, we used a finite difference method(FDM) suitable for highly nonlinear equations. As a result, we confirmed that the simulation results such as a transmission profile over a pixel and an average transmittance as a function of applied voltage showed good agreement with the experimental results. We also revealed that Super IPS‐LCDs show good wide viewing angle characteristics with contrast ratio of more than 50:1 up to a polar angle of ±90° both in the horizontal and the vertical directions.
P‐96: Electro‐optical Devices from Polymer‐stabilized Molecular Shape Polarity of a Cholesteric Liquid Crystal
Authors: Kim Sang Hwa , Chien Liang‐Chy , Komitov Lachezar
Published: January 2005

We present the electro‐optical devices prepared from polymer‐stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals. By using a small concentration of polymer we are able to stabilize two switching modes, phase‐only (in‐plane switching at low field) and birefringence (out‐of plane at high field), of the uniformly lying helix (ULH) texture of a cholesteric with a sub‐millisecond response time.
P‐99: Fabrication of Dual‐Domain Twisted Structure in Polymer and Liquid Crystal Composite Systems
Authors: Jung Jong‐Wook , Kim Jae‐Hoon , Shin Sung Tae
Published: January 2005

We have fabricated dual‐domain twisted structure by imprinting of LC alignment on polymer layers during polymerizing induced phase separation in polymer and liquid crystal (LC) composite systems. By application of electric field during UV exposure, the photopolymerized polymer chains are formed along the long molecular axis of LC aligned by the field. The aligned polymer chains align LC molecules after removing the field. Using this method, we successfully fabricated dual‐domain twisted nematic structures.
P‐102: High‐Resolution Microencapsulated Electrophoretic Display on Silicon
Authors: Bouchard Alain , Suzuki Katsuhiro , Yamada Hideyuki
Published: January 2005

The first high‐resolution microencapsulated electrophoretic display on silicon has been demonstrated using a 400ppi LSI (large‐scale integration) silicon backplane designed for LCoS (liquid crystal on silicon) micro‐displays. A micrograph analysis method was developed to quantify the optical performance at the ink capsule level and calculate contrast ratio and contrast modulation as a function of effective resolution.
P‐104: A Novel Transflective Hybrid‐Mode LCD with Low Driving Voltage
Authors: Yang Chiu‐Lien , Ling Wei‐Yi
Published: January 2005

We proposed a new transflective LCD with hybrid‐aligned liquid crystal texture (transflective hybrid‐mode LCD). The transflective hybrid‐mode LCD possesses low threshold voltage of 0V and operating voltage of 3V. The electro‐optical design has been optimized by using the simulation method. A wide‐band quarter wave plate was used for normally‐white type design and contrast ratio improvement. And the discostic‐shaped polymer optical compensation of Fuji photo film (Super wide viewing angle film) was used for further promoting the viewing angle performance.
LP‐12: Late‐News Poster: Color In‐plane EPD Using an Anisotropic Scattering Layer
Authors: Endo T. , Soda T. , Takagi S. , Kitayama H. , Yuasa S. , Kishi E. , Ikeda T. , Matsuda H.
Published: January 2005

This paper describes the first research prototype of color in‐plane electrophoretic display. Characteristic of optical performance is improved by incorporating an anisotropic scattering layer instead of an isotropic scattering layer. The reflectance of a white state is 35% at an illumination angle of 30° and a detector angle of 0° to the surface normal. The color coordinate does not change very much differently from the reflective LCD while changing an illumination angle from 70° to 30°.
P‐110: Organic TFT Using Polymerized Gate Insulators by Vapor‐Deposition Polymerization
Authors: Pyo Sang‐Woo , Lee Dong‐Hyun , Shim Jae‐Hoon , Kim Young‐Kwan
Published: January 2005

In this paper, it was demonstrated that the organic thin‐film transistors were fabricated with the organic gate insulator with vapor deposition polymerization (VDP) processing. The saturated slop in the saturation region and the subthreshold nonlinearity in the triode region were clearly observed in the electrical output characteristics in our organic thin film transistors using the staggered‐inverted top‐contact structure. Field effect mobility, threshold voltage, and on‐off current ratio in 0.45 μm thick gate dielectric layer were about 0.5 cm2/Vs, −5 V, and 105A/A, respectively. In order to form polyimide as a gate insulator, vapor deposition polymerization process was also introduced instead of spin‐coating process, where polyimide film was co‐deposited by high‐vacuum thermal evaporation from 6FDA and ODA followed by curing.
P‐112: Electroluminescence of Red Organic Light‐Emitting Devices Using Rubrene as an Emitting Assist Dopant
Authors: Lee Chang Min , Kim Dong Il , Han Jeong Whan
Published: January 2005

We present red OLEDs with improved efficiency using rubrene as an emitting assist dopant. Alq3 and α‐NPD are used as electron and hole transport layers, respectively. DCJTB and rubrene are codoped into the emitting layer Alq3 which consists of several dotted‐line doped layers. The luminance yield of the device codoped with DCJTB and rubrene is greatly improved as much as ∼90% at 1 0 mA/cm2 (6.5 cd/A: 3.44 cd/A) compared with that of the devices doped with only DCJTB. We attribute it to both the emitting assist dopant (rubrene) and the dotted‐line doped layer structures. It is observed that the difference in luminance yield between the codoped devices and the doped devices decreases gradually with increasing the numbers of dotte‐line doped layers. We have also fabricated high‐efficiency red OLEDs with or without a hole blocking layer(HBL), and observed that the luminance yields of the devices with HBL are always higher than those of the devices without HBL except for a device with 6 dotted‐lines doped layer structure in emissive region.
P‐116: A Hybrid Encapsulation Method for OLED
Authors: Yi C. H. , Lee Y. K. , Lee S. M. , Ju S. H. , Lee E. J. , Choo Y. M. , Park K. C. , Jang J.
Published: January 2005

We developed a hybrid encapsulation method for PM‐OLED consisting of SiNx, polymeric film and cover glass. The PM‐OLED encapsulated with the proposed layers shows the similar degradation in emission efficiency with the PM‐OLED with a metal cap. The proposed structure does not need to have desiccant inside so that thin‐film encapsulation of PM‐OLED is possible.
P‐117: Efficiently Saturated Red Emission Polymers and Matrix Display
Authors: Peng Junbiao , Xu Yishe , Hou Qiong , Han Shaohu , Cao Yong
Published: January 2005

Synthesized were novel dioctylfluorene (DOF) and benzothiadiazole (DBT) copolymers having various contents of DBT and yielding pure red emission. Based on the copolymer only with 5% of DBT as the emitter, the external quantum efficiency is over 2.0% from the device whose structure is ITO/PVK/DOF‐DBT5/Ba/Al. The efficiency can be further improved by over 4.0% using the blend polymer of P‐PPV and DOF‐DBT(5%) on energy transfer mechanism. The red‐emitting copolymer was utilized to fabricate a matrix display which showed wonderful pictures, demonstrating that the new red efficient copolymer could be a promising candidate for practical applications.
P‐118: The Scanning Electron‐beam Devices based on Electron‐beam‐pumped Semiconductor Lasers for Projection Display Systems
Authors: Sadchikhin A. V. , Sozinov S. B. , Kozlovsky V. I.
Published: January 2005

Experience in developments of the laser scanning devices on basis of laser cathode‐ray tubes (CRT) — quantoscopes is summarized. The study results concerning high spatial resolution and high light output of laser CRT projection system are included; the spatial resolution is nearly 3000 TV lines and more, the light output is 10000–15000 Lm. Such high performance attributes of laser CRT projection systems will allow solving the problem of silver‐free information carriers with the image quality comparable with that attained on a 70‐mm cinema film. Improving the quantoscope light divergence by modifying the electron beam profile is considered also. It will allow creating the super‐high resolution laser projection displays and the laser scanning microscopes. Design approach of the main technical questions such as effective cooling system and dry high voltage power supply are presented. The prospects of using the epitaxy technology in the laser CRT target production are discussed.
P‐119: A Novel Reflector for Rear‐Projection Systems
Authors: Zhou Jie , Liu Jun , Liu Xu , Li Haifeng
Published: January 2005

A novel reflective mirror with a carefully designed spatial shape is presented in this paper, which can significantly improve the trapezoid distortion of an off‐axis LCD rear projector. Another advantage is that the total thickness of rear projectors and the size of the reflector can also be greatly reduced.
P‐121: Optical Characterization of Metal Reflectors
Authors: Shen Li , Koehler Curt , Strobl Karlheinz
Published: January 2005

We present a series of quality control tools that have been developed to optimize a production line for eele‐enhanced® metal reflectors for performance and cost and to enable the determination of the optimum process parameters needed for the cost effective volume scaling of the various manufacturing processes involved.
P‐122: A Novel Wire Grid Polarizer
Authors: Kuo Hui‐Lung , Chiu Chih‐Ho , Chen Pin‐Cheng
Published: January 2005

A new wire grid polarizer is made through a series of nanofabrication steps. The visible light polarization effect will occur when natural incident light interact with the novel double layers metal nano‐grating structure on the surface of said polarizer. It gives very high extinction ratio and also no angular dependency. Theoretically, even the incident angle is over 75°, it still possible to give polarization extinction ratio over 5000:1. The feature sizes of the nano‐grating structures have major influence to the polarization states of the reflective and transmitting light. The materials compose the nano grating structure and the morphology also affects the polarization effect. A 5mm × 5mm sample was made and the results will present in this paper.
Pixel‐level data‐line multiplexing for low‐cost/high‐resolution AMLCDs
Authors: Kodate Manabu , Kanzaki Eisuke , Schleupen Kai
Published: January 2005

Abstract— We propose a novel data‐line multiplexing technique for low‐cost/high‐resolution active‐matrix liquid‐crystal displays (AMLCDs). This scheme reduces the number of data lines and driver chips required by one‐half without enormous multiplexing circuits. Another advantage of applying this technique is the reduction in power consumption. We demonstrated the technical feasibility of this method with application prototypes up to 15‐in. SXGA+ (1400 × 1050 pixels) AMLCDs with amorphous‐silicon (a‐Si) thin‐film‐transistor (TFT) technology. In this paper, we provide an explanation of the addressing mechanism in detail and clarify the feasibility with further technical discussion.
Ultra‐low‐power polysilicon AMLCD with full integration
Authors: Senda M. , Tsutsui Y. , Sasaki A. , Matsumoto S. , Yokoyama R. , Yoneda K.
Published: January 2005

Abstract— An LTPS TFT‐LCD that only consumes 0.07 mW of power was developed. It is the world's first LCD equipped with all the circuits needed to display still images continuously for up to 1 year on a button battery. At the same time, the panel is capable of displaying 260,000‐color moving pictures.
Highly efficient solution‐processible phosphorescent dendrimers for organic light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Markham J. P. J. , Lo S.‐C. , Anthopoulos T. D. , Male N. H. , Balasubramaniam E. , Salata O. V. , Burn P. L. , Samuel I. D. W.
Published: January 2005

Abstract— Currently, most research into organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) has focused on two main classes of materials: small organic molecules and conjugated polymers. An alternative approach is to use conjugated dendrimers. We show that conjugated dendrimers are a promising new class of solution‐processible materials for use as the active layer in highly efficient organic LEDs. By optimizing the choice of device structure, host material, and electron transport layer, we can obtain efficiencies of 55 cd/A and power efficiencies of 40 lm/W. This is an excellent result for a spin‐coated emissive layer.
Advances in contrast enhancement for DLP projection displays
Authors: Dewald D. Scott , Segler D. J. , Penn Steven M.
Published: January 2005

Abstract—Increased contrast ratios are essential to the continued success of DLP™ products in the marketplace, from rear‐projection televisions and home‐theatre systems to large venue displays and DLP Cinema™. The contrast of DLP projection systems has increased steadily over the past 5 years due to improvements in illumination and projection optics, as well as changes to the DMD itself. The authors will present an overview of the contrast performance of DLP projectors over time as well as describe illumination and projection techniques that optimize the performance of the DMD.
The impact of non‐immersive head‐mounted displays (HMDs) on the visual field
Authors: Woods Russell L. , Fetchenheuer Ivonne , Vargas‐Martín Fernando , Peli Eli
Published: January 2005

Abstract— Binocular head‐mounted displays (HMDs) that could be used non‐immersively produced substantial interruption of the visual field. Monocular HMDs designed to be used non‐immersively created minimal interruption of the visual fields. The scotomata are small enough to allow the HMD to be worn in mobile situations, but inattention associated with use of the HMD may cause safety concerns for some mobile situations. A small opaque display can be positioned to provide a see‐through functionality.
Thermal transfer for flat‐panel‐display manufacturing
Authors: Elizur Eran , Gelbart Dan
Published: January 2005

Abstract— Photolithography is currently the predominant patterning method in the flat‐panel‐display (FPD) industry. Thermal lithography is a novel approach offering superior process control, a completely dry process, and considerable cost savings. Thermal imaging is now the dominant imaging method in computer‐to‐plate applications in the printing industry, with over 6000 installations world‐wide. Two applications, in which this technology could be applied in the FPD industry, will be discussed in detail: color filters for liquid‐crystal displays (LCDs) and barrier ribs for LCDs and organic light‐emitting‐diode (OLED) displays.
Measurement methods for LCoS displays
Authors: Bone Matthew F. , Flynn Mark
Published: January 2005

Abstract— Two measurement methods to characterize uniformity and the absolute cell gap of LCoS images will be reviewed. These are simple to use in a production environment and have allowed major improvements in manufacture to be achieved. For the purpose of this paper, the liquid‐crystal mode used is the 45° normally black mode.
Contrast‐ratio analysis of sunlight‐readable color LCDs for outdoor applications
Authors: Chung Hsi‐Hao , Lu Sun
Published: January 2005

Abstract— This paper presents contrast‐ratio data measured from high‐brightness TFT color LCDs under various ambient illumination levels encountered in outdoor environments. In these measurements, several LCD front polarizers with anti‐glare (AG) and anti‐reflective (AR) coatings have been used. The measured contrast‐ratio data are compared and the impact due to the AG and AR coatings is briefly discussed. The test equipment that simulates different cases of outdoor illumination is also presented.
The liquid‐crystalline derivatives of 3,6‐disubstituted cyclohex‐2‐enones
Authors: Bezborodov V. S. , Lapanik V. I. , Sasnouski G. M.
Published: January 2005

Abstract— A new synthetic approach for the preparation of various mesomorphic chiral and non‐chiral derivatives of cyclohexene, cyclohexane, phenylcyclohexane, or biphenyl with different combinations of cyclic, bridge, terminal fragments and lateral substituents is proposed and realized. Both nematic and smectic liquid‐crystalline compounds were prepared by the transformations of the corresponding 3,6‐disubstituted cyclohex‐2‐enones.
Properties and mechanism of multi‐domain vertically aligned mode on a grid surface
Authors: Konovalov V. A. , Muravski A. A. , Timofeev S. N. , Yakovenko S. Ye. , Pelzl J.
Published: January 2005

Abstract— Electro‐optical properties of grid‐aligned multi‐domain (GAMD) textures in homeotropically aligned nematic liquid‐crystal displays have been studied as a function of grid parameters. It is experimentally verified that with higher height and smaller pitch of the grid, a more‐stable multidomain structure can be obtained. To predict the grid properties and the mechanism of their action, both computations and experimental results are presented. The weak‐anchoring conditions are assumed in the computations on the base of the measured anchoring‐strength data to obtain more reliable parameters. A test liquid‐crystal cell has been prepared after adjusting the grid parameters, and it has shown very high gray‐level stability, a nice viewing angle, and fast response.
Environmental and optical testing of Thin Crystal Film™ polarizers
Authors: Bobrov Y. , Blinov L. , Ignatov L. , King G. , Lazarev P. , Nazarov V. , Ovchinnikova N. , Remizov S.
Published: January 2005

Abstract— We have developed an advanced polarizing nanomaterial that provides new technical and economical advantages over traditional iodine film polarizers for LCD designers and manufacturers. Thin Crystal Film (TCF)™ polarizer material is based on modified organic dichroic dyes and can be simply coated as a thin molecular oriented film (less than 1 μm) directly onto a plastic or glass substrate. This crystalline material exhibits enhanced viewing‐angle characteristics, high thermal stability, and lightfastness. Replacement of conventional polarizers by the new TCF polarizer allows decreasing thickness of LCD designs by 20–75%, improving LCD durability and reliability, all while significantly reducing cost. This paper presents TCF polarizer products for LCD applications. We report the results of TCF optical and environmental testing. Ultraviolet‐light photostability of TCF is also studied.
36.2: Transposed Scanning: The Way to Realize Super‐Slim CRTs
Authors: Krijn M. P. C. M. , de Jong M. , Lange R. J. , Škorić B. , Tuyls P. , van Wesenbeeck R. J. , Wassink M. H.
Published: January 2005

The evolutionary path of increasing the deflection angle in order to reduce the depth of wide‐screen CRTs runs into severe difficulties beyond deflection angles of 120°. We show that transposing the scan direction alleviates most of the difficulties, and enables super‐slim CRTs with deflection angles up to 135°.
36.3: New Evaluation Method for the Inner Pin Distortion Problem of CRTs
Authors: Mizuta Takahisa , Jung K. S. , Oh T. S. , Cho Y. H. , Pyun D. H.
Published: January 2005

A new evaluation method of the Inner Pin Distortion (IPD) has been developed. As the method does not require any displayed line on cathode ray tubes (CRTs), it can be commonly used by measurement and simulation. And the dependency of the IPD to CRTs inner curvature becomes clear by simulating
9.2: Multi‐Format Digital Display with Content Driven Display Format
Authors: Cairns Graham , Dachs Catherine , Brownlow Mike , Kubota Yasushi , Washio Hajime , Hijikigawa Masaya
Published: January 2005

This paper describes an advanced digital display that we have developed for future mobile applications. The 2″ QVGA LCD display contains multi‐format digital drivers integrated with a low‐temperature Continuous Grain Silicon TFT process. These drivers automatically configure the display format based on the contents of the image data that is transmitted to the panel. This strategy provides an optimum balance between display performance and power consumption.
37.3: Analysis of Addressing Characteristics Relative to Cell Dimension and Driving Waveform in AC‐PDP
Authors: Seo Y.‐W. , Moon S.‐J. , Han J.‐K. , Yi J.‐D. , Kim W.‐J. , Kim M.‐S. , Bu K.‐H. , Shin T.‐H. , Kim B. K. , Lee J.‐G. , Kim J.‐D.
Published: January 2005

Dynamic behavior was investigated relative to the address electrode width and its misalignment for pulse‐reset and ramp‐reset waveforms and then compared with simulation results. Whereas, the turn‐on voltage showed a decreasing trend with an increasing sustain voltage in a pulse‐reset driving waveform, it remained basically unchanged under the same conditions in a ramp‐reset driving waveform. With an increasing address electrode, the width turn‐on and mis‐addressing voltage had lower values because of the distribution of a larger wall voltage on the dielectric surface of the scan electrode.

In addition, it was found that the turn‐on voltage became lower with a decrease in the misalignment of the address electrode. This was because the more the address electrode approached the center, the more the distribution of the wall voltage increased on the dielectric surface of the scan electrode. Finally, the trend of the addressing voltage was quite different relative to the type of driving waveform.
39.3: A Color High Brightness Passive Matrix Display
Authors: Saeed Salman , Bos Philip J. , Li Zili
Published: January 2005

A color passive matrix display has been designed that has a high light transmission (85% that of parallel polarizers) and well saturated colors. The new design incorporates three STN devices with a Solc3 filter to form an electrically switchable color switch that is multiplexable. In this paper the design of such a display is considered in detail.
39.4: A New MVA‐LCD with Jagged Shaped Pixel Electrodes
Authors: Kataoka S. , Takeda A. , Tsuda H. , Koike Y. , Inoue H. , Fujikawa T. , Sasabayashi T. , Okamoto K.
Published: January 2005

We have developed a new MVA‐LCD with fast gray‐scale response characteristics. The newly designed jagged shaped pixel electrodes give the oblique electric field and effectively control the LC alignment not only statically but also dynamically. We have realized the response time of 30ms (1/3 of the conventional MVA) for any gray‐scale switching keeping other advantageous characteristics same; CR, viewing range etc.
41.2: Judder‐Induced Edge Flicker in Moving Objects
Authors: Larimer James , Gille Jennifer , Wong James
Published: January 2005

The threshold motion rates that produce edge flicker were determined as a function of contrast, luminance and sampling frequency. A passive filtering scheme, called the Movieola filter, appears to mitigate this artifact. The Movieola filter produces interpolated frames based on a passive two‐tap discrete dissolve. It is simple to implement and therefore relatively inexpensive to manufacture.
41.5L: Late‐News Paper: LCDs: How Fast is Enough?
Authors: Lee Baek‐woon , Sagong Dongsik , Jeong Gyuha
Published: January 2005

The switching speed has become critical once again for LCDs to enter the TV market. In this report, three motion artifacts resulting from the slow response are identified: decrease of dynamic contrast ratio, stroboscopic motion, and blurred edge. It is shown that the first two artifacts disappear completely when the response time is less than 1 frame. However, moving edges cannot maintain the sharpness even if the switching speed is infinite, due to the nature of the hold‐type displays. We show that when LCDs response within half a frame, the quality of moving images is almost as good as that of zero‐response time LCDs. Employing response‐overshoot can enhance the image quality even further.
42.1: A New Electron Gun for a 32″ Super Wide Deflection Angle (120°) CRT
Authors: Bae Mincheol , Song Yongseok , Hong Younggon , Kwon Yonggeol , Lee Kwangsik
Published: January 2005

A new electron gun for a super wide deflection angle (SWDA) cathode ray tube (CRT) has been developed. For a SWDA the dynamic focus voltage is usually very high, lowering the dynamic focus voltage is one of the key factors to realize wide angle CRTs. We designed a new quadrupole lens for the electron gun. As a result, we were able to achieve a reasonable focus quality with low dynamic voltage that is comparable to the conventional CRTs. The new electron gun enabled SWDA CRTs possible.
42.2: An Electron Gun for 76cm 120‐degree 16:9 Color TV Tubes
Authors: Wada Y. , Daimon T.
Published: January 2005

A new electron gun has been designed by developing an asymmetrical main lens with horizontally large and vertically small lens diameters. The electron gun provides a good focus performance improving the spot distortion at the screen periphery with an available dynamic voltage in 29.1mm neck diameter for 76cm 120‐degree 16:9 color TV tubes.
42.4: Carbon Nanotubes Cold Cathodes for CRT
Authors: Jang Yoon‐Taek , Lee Yun‐Hi , Choi Chang‐Hoon , Ju Byeong Kwon , Oh Myung Hwan , Ahn Jin‐Ho , Go Chang‐Ki , Chu Hag‐Rhym , Jung Jae‐Hoon , Park Gong‐Seog
Published: January 2005

The availability of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition using catalytic metals has provided a possibility as a cheap and a large area deposition process. One of the most interesting electronic applications of CNT is the electron emitter. Here, we present fabrication of the CNT electron guns for the cathode ray tubes and their electron emission properties as well as light emitting characteristics.
43.1: A New 42‐in. AC PDP Using MAoD II Driving Scheme
Authors: Kang Kyoungho , Lee Jooyul , Lee Seongchan , Kim Heehwan , Jung Namsung , Whang Kiwoong , Park Changbae
Published: January 2005

We present a new prototype 42″PDP using Samsung SDI's MAoD II driving scheme (Multiple Addressing with Overlapping Display period) suited for a high‐resolution PDP. We used the commercial driver IC's to implement the entire parts of driving system and achieved the luminance of 600 cd/m2 with a single scan addressing method with the advantage of space charge priming. It also adopted 14 sub‐fields in order to reduce the dynamic false contour.
43.2: Driving of PDPs with 208 Sub‐Fields Using a Grouped Address‐While‐Display Scheme
Authors: Ishii M. , Shiga T. , Igarashi K. , Mikoshiba S.
Published: January 2005

Driving of AC‐PDPs with as many as 208 sub‐fields has been realized by using a grouped Address‐While‐Display (AWD) scheme, which combines the AWD and low‐voltage‐addressing techniques. The drive scheme provides high picture quality with a wide choice of gamma characteristics. Also, dynamic false contours can be eliminated.
43.4: Address Time Reduction in PDPs by means of Partial Line Doubling
Authors: Hoppenbrouwers J. , van Dijk R. , Holtslag T. , Laffargue F.
Published: January 2005

This paper describes a technique, called Partial Line Doubling (PLD), that reduces the over‐all addressing time of PDPs. This reduction goes at the cost of vertical resolution but the picture quality deterioration is minimised by using appropriate video processing algorithms. The resulting time gain can be used to increase the peak white level of the PDP and/or add extra subfields.
44.1: Invited Paper: New Approaches to Process Simplification for Large Area and High Resolution TFT‐LCD
Authors: Hong MunPyo , Roh Nam‐Seok , Hong Wan‐Shick , Chung Kyu‐Ha
Published: January 2005

Novel process architectures are proposed for fabricating large area, high resolution TFT‐LCD's with a minimal number of process steps. A low contact resistance between Al bus lines and transparent conductive oxide layer, necessary for large‐area panels, is obtained by inducing a self‐formed, inter‐metallic compound layer at the interface without using any additional buffer or capping layers. For enhanced brightness and resolution, a new TFT array structure integrated on a color filter substrate, named Array on Color Filter (AOC) structure, has been developed. Good quality TFT's are successfully constructed on the newly developed color filter for AOC within a sufficiently wide process margin. By adopting these novel technologies, a 17.0″ SXGA prototype panel is fabricated and shows good display performance.
9.5L: Late‐News Paper: Overdrive Method for TN‐mode LCDs—Recursive System with Capacitance Prediction ‐
Authors: Sekiya Kazuo , Nakamura Hajime
Published: January 2005

Overdrive reduces response time between gray levels of a TFT‐LCD to a single refresh duration. Popular charge‐compensational driving is not sufficient for TN‐mode. With simulation, we found that problems in overdrive including overshoot are caused by the delay of brightness change from capacitance change. An appropriate overdriving circuit is proposed.
44.2: Fifth Generation PECVD System for AM‐LCD Manufacturing
Authors: Blonigan W. , Shang Q. , Harshbarger W. R. , Keller E. , Law K.
Published: January 2005

AKT, Inc. has developed a PECVD system for processing the fifth generation of technology for manufacturing AM‐LCDs on substrates that are approximately 1 meter × 1 meter. The system has a cluster tool configuration with 5 process chambers. Trends in the manufacturing of a‐Si LCDs on large substrates are reviewed.