bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The economy of phishing: A survey of the operations of the phishing market
Authors: Abad Christopher
Published: May 2013

Phishing has been defined as the fraudulent acquisition of personal information by tricking an individual into believing the attacker is a trustworthy entity [1]. Phishing attacks are becoming more sophisticated and are on the rise. In order to develop effective strategies and solutions to combat the phishing problem, one needs to understand the infrastructure in which phishing economies thrive.

We have conducted extensive research to uncover phishing networks. The result is detailed analysis from 3,900,000 phishing e–mails, 220,000 messages collected from 13 key phishing–related chat rooms, 13,000 chat rooms and 48,000 users, which were spidered across six chat networks and 4,400 compromised hosts used in botnets.

This paper presents the findings from this research as well as an analysis of the phishing infrastructure.
Hacking for a cause
Authors: Still Brian
Published: May 2013

This paper explores the concept of hacktivism, which is hacking for a political or social cause on the Internet. Generally hackers, even those hacking government–sponsored sites, have been negatively stereotyped as malicious thrill seekers or, worse yet, cyberterrorists. But increasingly there are more politically motivated hackers distancing themselves from cyberterrorism by engaging in hacktivism that is intent more upon disruption than disobedience. Certain hacktivists, in fact, have created tools or taken advantage of those already available to provide freedom of speech in the electronic frontier for those living in oppressive nation–states. This paper will show that these hacktivists are, far from being online terrorists or thrill–seekers, organized, technically skilled, politically conscious and socially aware hacktivists who seek to challenge the authority of oppressive nation–states.
Professors online: The Internet’s impact on college faculty
Authors: Jones Steve , Jones Camille
Published: May 2013

This paper reports on findings from a nationwide survey of Internet use by U.S. college faculty. The survey asked about general Internet use, use of specific Internet technologies (e–mail, IM, Web, etc.), the Internet’s impact on teaching and research, its impact on faculty–student interactions, and about faculty perceptions of students’ Internet use. There is general optimism, though little evidence, about the Internet’s impacts on their professional lives. The findings show that institutions of higher education still need to address three broad areas (infrastructure, professional development, and teaching and research) to assist faculty to continue to make good use of the Internet in their professional work.
Using virtual lectures to educate students on plagiarism
Authors: Guertin Laura
Published: May 2013

Plagiarism is a concern on all university campuses. Some of the main issues pertaining to plagiarism violations are student misunderstanding or inconsistent and lack of instruction. Virtual lectures are an electronic resource available to students throughout the semester to aid them in proper citation and avoiding academic integrity violations. The technological tool of virtual lectures is also useful for communicating rules of ethics and other regulations for industry or other areas of employment outside of academia.
Electronic courseware in higher education
Authors: Minielli Maureen , Ferris S.
Published: May 2013

The rising costs of education often lead to the call for a change from the traditional, space–and–time bound institutions to ones that offer increasingly cost–effective, technologically enhanced programs. As institutions of higher education turn to technology, primarily Internet–based, to address these challenges, the use of electronic courseware is dramatically increasing. In order to effectively utilize electronic courseware in the classroom, educators not only need to be aware of terminology, functions, and uses of the most popular types of electronic courseware, but also (and perhaps more importantly) educators need to develop and critique pedagogically based research that can, at the broader level, help educators at various levels of technological expertise learn and adapt their teaching styles to maximize student learning.

In this paper we consider electronic course management systems from a pedagogical perspective, with the goal of aiding educators to effectively utilize electronic courseware in the classroom. By discussing the basics (such as terminology, functions, and uses of the most popular types of electronic courseware) and examining pedagogically based research we hope, at the broader level, to help educators at various levels of technological expertise learn and adapt their teaching styles to maximize student learning.
Cultural diversity in cyberspace: The Catalan campaign to win the new .cat top level domain
Authors: Gerrand Peter
Published: May 2013

In September 2005 ICANN approved the first top–level Internet domain to be dedicated to a particular human language and culture: ‘.cat’. This paper describes the history of the Catalan campaign to win the ‘.cat’ domain against political opposition from the former conservative Spanish government and the reluctance of some decision–makers within ICANN circles. While ‘.cat’ creates a precedent for greater use on the Internet of ‘minority languages’, there are significant hurdles for other candidates for language–based top–level domains. The paper discusses the concomitant factors needed to support the greater use of any minority language on the Internet.
Evolutionary information seeking: A case study of personal development and Internet searching
Authors: Kari Jarkko
Published: May 2013

This article explores one question: what does Internet searching have to do with personal development? Personal development means that individuals improve their own abilities, skills, knowledge or other qualities by working on them. The paper reports on a qualitative case study, in which a single participant was interviewed and her Web searches observed. Information search strategies seemed to form a spectrum of developmental sophistication. Four major types of relationship were found: a) the Internet in the context of development; b) development in the context of the Internet; c) development affecting Internet use; and, d) Internet use affecting development. There were some informational phenomena which exhibited regression, the converse of development.
Tight prior open source equilibrium: The rise of open source as a source of economic welfare
Authors: Bärwolff Matthias
Published: May 2013

Open source has become a viable mode of production and resource allocation not only for intrinsically motivated communities but for commercial firms as well. This may be due primarily to the fact that open source ultimately produces greater value on both the use and production sides. Open source thus acts as an institution that affects the structure of the software industry much more efficiently than politics and law. It also provides an economic perspective that may help refine the standard notion of the firm since it emphasises the link between firm and market, not the frontiers that separate the two.
Can Unscrewed be unskewed? Television coverage of the Internet
Authors: McCaughey Martha
Published: May 2013

This paper documents one way the Internet is presented to the public by analyzing a late–night TV talk show about the Internet called Unscrewed on the TechTV cable network. I gained the opportunity to study Unscrewed, and attempt to influence its focus, when I was invited to appear as a guest on their show after having e–mailed them a criticism of their sexist coverage of the Internet — specifically their positioning of women as pretty objects to be ogled online rather than as creative participants in online culture and as authors of a diversity of Web sites. Though I liked the program’s potential to challenge some aspects of an increasingly market–driven Internet, I was unable to unskew the sexist focus of Unscrewed precisely because market forces demanded the show remain male–centered.
Capital punishment and virtual protest: A case study of Singapore
Authors: Ibrahim Yasmin
Published: May 2013

This paper analyses how the online community in Singapore protested against the hanging of a Vietnamese drug trafficker in December 2005. Singapore has upheld capital punishment in the island state despite pressure from local and global civil society organisations and diplomatic channels. This paper traces how the online medium was used by the public to protest against capital punishment in the quasi–authoritarian state. The virtual community protested against the hanging by maintaining a rigorous discursive protest on the Internet. These sustained discourses became enmeshed with those of the offline media in Singapore. This confluence of the online and offline media discourses is important in building a two–tier public sphere in Singapore. The first–tier public sphere is one dominated by the government-controlled media and the ruling party while the second–tier public sphere is a space where civil society organisations and social movements express viewpoints marginalised in the offline society. The confluence of these two tiers has a material significance for the political landscape of Singapore. This paper explores this phenomenon through the case study of online protests against capital punishment in Singapore.
Perceptions of computer learning among older Americans and older Chinese
Authors: Xie Bo
Published: May 2013

This study examines, compares, and contrasts older Americans’ and older Chinese’s perceptions of computer learning. Semi–structured, open–ended interviews were conducted among members of two senior–oriented computer training organizations: SeniorNet in the U.S. and OldKids (lao xiaohai) in China. Major findings include: first, American and Chinese participants share a similar, strong interest in learning in general and computer learning in particular, because they agree that computers present constant mental challenges and thus are useful for keeping the mind active, which suggests a non–culturally specific phenomenon. Second, for American participants, the computer is one of many means to keep the mind active, while for Chinese participants, the computer is the most important means to this end. Finally, for some older Chinese participants, computer learning is perceived as a means to fulfill old dreams that were interrupted by the Cultural Revolution, suggesting a culturally specific phenomenon. Implications and future research questions are discussed.
Performance on tests of economic literacy: A comparison of face-to-face with online instruction
Authors: Albritton Jr. Frank P.
Published: May 2013

Does taking a college level course in the principles of economics improve economic literacy? While there is debate on whether courses in the principles of economics as taught at colleges and universities improve general economic literacy, more and more of these courses are being taught online. There has been considerable research in other subjects as to whether there is a difference in student performance dependent upon whether the courses was taken in a traditional face–to–face format or online. However, in the critically important subjects dealt with in the principles of economics, there has been discussion but little research conducted about whether online delivery is equivalent in terms of student achievement to the traditional face–to–face delivery. The purpose of this paper is to determine if there is a difference in the performance of students, as measured by economic literacy, between students taking a course in the principles of economics using a face–to–face versus online format. The data was collected using an online questionnaire over two semesters at a community college and analyzed using SPSS, version 12.
Review
Authors: Goldhaber Michael H.
Published: May 2013

None Available
Friends, Friendsters, and Top 8: Writing community into being on social network sites
Authors: Boyd Danah
Published: May 2013

“Are you my friend? Yes or no?” This question, while fundamentally odd, is a key component of social network sites. Participants must select who on the system they deem to be ‘Friends.’ Their choice is publicly displayed for all to see and becomes the backbone for networked participation. By examining what different participants groups do on social network sites, this paper investigates what Friendship means and how Friendship affects the culture of the sites. I will argue that Friendship helps people write community into being in social network sites. Through these imagined egocentric communities, participants are able to express who they are and locate themselves culturally. In turn, this provides individuals with a contextual frame through which they can properly socialize with other participants. Friending is deeply affected by both social processes and technological affordances. I will argue that the established Friending norms evolved out of a need to resolve the social tensions that emerged due to technological limitations. At the same time, I will argue that Friending supports pre-existing social norms yet because the architecture of social network sites is fundamentally different than the architecture of unmediated social spaces, these sites introduce an environment that is quite unlike that with which we are accustomed.
On panopticism, criminal records and sex offender registries
Authors: Piñero Verónica B.
Published: May 2013

Having explored Foucault’s notion of panopticism, the author highlights some socio-legal implications of criminal records in current Canadian society, such as access to employment, access to insurance, and international travel. She contends that there is a need to rethink the traditional notion of criminal records as a paper file, but as digitized criminal information that flows freely across national and international borders. Finally, she explores the use of sex offender criminal registries and their availability to general public in the Canadian context.
Virtual borders: The interdependence of real and virtual worlds
Authors: Grimmelmann James
Published: May 2013

The flourishing trade of virtual items for real–life money suggests that virtual worlds will sometimes welcome the intervention of real–life law. At first glance, this possibility seems to undermine the Law and Borders thesis that online spaces should enjoy independence from real–life law. These ideas are compatible, however, because they start from a common premise: that these new communities are developing their own distinctive values. The lesson of the real–money trade is that preserving those values requires recognizing the interdependence of virtual worlds and the real world.
Digital divide or digital development?: The Internet in Mexico
Authors: Curry James , Kenney Martin
Published: May 2013

This paper discusses the development of the Internet in Mexico within the context of the digital divide. There is skepticism about whether the digital divide is something driven primarily by technology rather than an epiphenomenon driven by socioeconomic factors. The barriers to access are not technological but rather economic and historical. Although Mexico shows wide disparities in Internet access, it also shows rapid development toward more access. The number of regular Internet users in Mexico is small (about 14 million) but has shown consistent growth. Business and non–governmental organization presence on the Web is increasing, and the Mexican government is innovatively using the Web to broaden contact with its citizens. In the Mexican case, there is certainly evidence of a digital divide. Nevertheless, there is also ample evidence of digital development.
Exploring factors influencing Internet users' adoption of Internet television in Taiwan
Authors: Yang Kenneth C.C. , Kang Yowei
Published: May 2013

This study examined how demographics, Internet use motivation, and beliefs about Internet television influenced Internet users’ intentions to adopt Internet television in Taiwan. The belief factors of users in programming quality, government regulation, and media impact contributed significantly to predicting an intention to adopt Internet television. Results from hierarchical regression also demonstrated that gender and Internet use motivations were predictive as well.
A reflecting and/or refracting Pool: When a local community becomes autonomous online
Authors: Haughwout Margaret
Published: May 2013

The Pool is an online project developed by faculty and students in the New Media Program at the University of Maine that aims to facilitate the sharing of skills and ideas among its users. Still in the development phase, while performing the “release early, release often"” ethic of open source software development, The Pool’s sources are mostly limited to a steady stream of students from the New Media Program. That The Pool to date, is limited to geographically local, and contextually specific use might engender answerable questions about the nature of evolving collaborative systems. This study explores where local context influences Pool development dramatically and where it appears to make little difference by focusing on three main themes: 1) collaboration; 2) student attitudes and strategies of resistance to The Pool; and, 3) licensing trends in The Pool. One of the most interesting aspects of the study shows that as a project develops, users tend to lessen the controls of attribution, and non–commerciality, while increasing the controls of no–transformations and no–combinations. This phenomenon reveals a surprising, anti–intuitive shift in emphasis during the creative process.
Zones of silence: A framework beyond the digital divide
Authors: Potter Amelia Bryne
Published: May 2013

There is no doubt that much digital divide work — including connectivity initiatives, technology transfer programs, and other projects — is done with good intention. Yet, as has been widely recognized, the conceptual framework of the digital divide is limiting. The language of the digital divide not only places people into simplistic “have”/“have not” categories, making assumptions about the solution to “information poverty” with little attention to local contexts, its logic also continues a paradigm of development that engages with the global south only at the point of what it “lacks”. I propose a framework, which provides a wider, and more nuanced, lens to look through. It focuses work in ways and in areas consistently overlooked by the digital divide, particularly on the realities, voices, and complexities within its unconnected, “have not” spaces — the zones of silence. Encouraging critical questioning of assumptions and an understanding of local contexts and points of view, a zones of silence framework is a way to broaden the dialogue on global communication and information access beyond a discourse of need, to one of mutual questioning, sharing, and learning. I begin with a brief critique of the digital divide, followed by a definition of this zones of silence framework and how it can help us to see and consider issues differently. I then suggest three areas where work from this perspective might begin.
A review of national information and communication technologies and a proposed National Electronic Initiative Framework
Authors: Peslak Alan R.
Published: May 2013

Information and communications technologies (ICT) have had uneven deployment both between nations and within nations. These differences in the use of ICT and the Internet are part of the “digital divide”, an uneven distribution of information and communications technologies and the benefits that accrue from their use. This article examines electronic initiatives to improve implementation of ICT throughout the world and proposes a multi–level national electronic initiative framework (NEIF) including fundamental guiding doctrines, general directives, specific domain areas of activity, and finally deliverables. This framework can serve as a guide to national and NGO (non–governmental) organizations to improve access and utilization of ICT and reduce the digital divide.
Diversity, attention and symmetry in a many-to-many information society
Authors: Aigrain Philippe
Published: May 2013

Many thinkers try to tackle issues of economic sustainability for the creative commons, analysing it under present conditions. In contrast, few ask themselves what would a society where many create for many look like. The main drawback of a focus on direct economic sustainability is that it may lead to ignore the present development of societal exchange patterns that are only indirectly coupled with the economy, but outline possible paths of development. This paper analyses the possible structure of a many–to–many commons–based information society from a variety of interdependent viewpoints, each associated with models and quantitative indicators. The paper discusses the distribution of attention and reputation over sets of works; the number of works in a given media; and, the degree of symmetry between creation and reception of contents.
It concludes that many of the present models and estimates are biased by the present economic conditions of media services and that some commonly accepted “laws” are mistaken regarding diversity in a many–to–many information society. It discusses policy issues regarding how to make creative commons sustainable in this light.
An analysis of open source principles in diverse collaborative communities
Authors: Coffin Jill
Published: May 2013

Open source culture and practice emerged as software hackers took control over the production, ownership and distribution of their skilled work. This revolution, quiet and unnoticed by most, began over twenty years ago. Along the way, free and open source software hackers developed organizational and dialog structures to support their ethos, creating a successful model for collaboration. This paper applies traits common to successful free software and open source hacker communities as a framework to analyze three non–hacker collaborative communities.
FLOSS methods in biotechnology
Authors: Glorioso Andrea
Published: May 2013

In 2002 UNCTAD proposed [1] a categorization of “key issues” in biotechnology, which included (a) “building capacity for developing and managing biotechnology,” [2] (b) “biosafety and bioethics and the capacity for risk assessment,” [3] (c) “building awareness of biotechnology” [4] and (d) “accessing biotechnology and intellectual property rights” [5]. A number of perceived problems in the current regime of intellectual property protection and, more in general, of innovation policies has given fuel to several discourses on and around “alternative” methods to stimulate, protect and manage innovation in the biotech field. Following an earlier work on the subject [6], this paper aims to contribute to the conceptualization of the biotechnology innovation process, with specific attention to patent licensing practices, under the lenses of FLOSS [7] legal, economical, and cultural dynamics — what has been dubbed elsewhere as “Open Source Biotechnology.” [8] The discussion will be limited to a specific subfield — namely, the bio–pharmaceutical field — and to a limited set of players, i.e. profit–maximizing firms, with the desire to understand what are the obstacles and the options for a firm in use a “FLOSS model” in its research, development and commercialization processes.
The fog of copyleft
Authors: Krowne Aaron , Puzio Raymond
Published: May 2013

In this paper we question the notion of using copyleft, in its current form, as the principle contractual framework of free culture. We argue that there are many flaws in the copyleft concept and its execution which are beginning to immerse free culture activity in a “fog” of risk and uncertainty. The main feature of copyleft which is causing problems is its “license lock” aspect, while the main problem with the execution of copyleft is the exercise of too much control by license authors. We give examples from our own experiences with PlanetMath, as well as the free culture community in general, to illustrate. Finally, we provide a wide array of solutions to the problem, ranging from immediately usable legalistic ones to long–term societal transformations.
Given enough minds...: Bridging the ingenuity gap
Authors: Masum Hassan , Tovey Mark
Published: May 2013

Peak oil. Climate change. Air pollution and top soil depletion. Water shortages and intractable conflicts. Disease, poverty, hunger, terrorism, natural disasters, and anomie ... the world is full of tough problems. What would a sustainable open infrastructure dedicated to finding solutions look like?
For many of the toughest problems, it will have to lower financial, disciplinary, and bureaucratic boundaries to make more use of non–specialists — interested citizens who are willing to share their knowledge, expertise, connections, and commitment to confront common challenges. This implies that the investment required per citizen to get involved must be relatively low, whether measured in money, time, or technical expertise. Our goal in this paper is to demonstrate how to start building an effective open system to support such sharing today.
Many of the tools exist already, both technical and social. Many of the requisite technical tools exist as inexpensive or free software, e.g. for information sharing, discussions, audio conferencing, small–scale video conferencing, and simultaneous editing. Social tools are often more difficult to master than technical ones. They include filtering contributions and contributors to separate the wheat from the chaff, building a sense of community and shared goals, motivating contributors to stay involved, making the link from smaller to larger efforts, and keeping the whole process fun and productive. Different “collaboration modes” can be identified, each with characteristic interaction topologies and scale of people involved.
We look at two case studies that we have been involved with: developing strategies for dealing with peak oil scenarios, and contributing to the online magazine WorldChanging (at http://worldchanging.com/). For us and for many others who were and are involved in such open initiatives, a big part of the motivation to spend so much time and effort solving problems is enjoyment of "productive fun". After all, nobody has to worry about making bars or coffee shops “sustainable”. Our challenge is to make a problem–solving infrastructure so much fun that it becomes a natural, widely accepted custom — a combination of widely available software, open science, and open content that leads to open participation in building our common future.
Aligning the ideals of free software and free knowledge with the South African Freedom Charter
Authors: Jolliffe Bob
Published: May 2013

When Amartya Sen visited South Africa in 2004 he made the observation that Nelson Mandela’s long walk to freedom began on African soil. He implicitly recognised that we have in South Africa a long tradition of interpreting, articulating and striving for an ideal of freedom, which reflects the aspiration of the broad masses of our people. The clearest articulation of this struggle was the Freedom Charter, adopted by the congress of the people in Kliptown in 1955.
The free software movement (and related efforts in the fields of science and culture) draws upon a tradition of freedom rooted in an American libertarian tradition. In this short paper, I underline the importance of aligning efforts to promote free software and free culture with the rich existing tradition embodied in the South African Freedom Charter. Doing so may require a reinterpretation, re–imagining and even perhaps a re–vocabularising of the digital commons if it is to succeed as as a social, technical and political project in South Africa.
Machine-assisted Metadata Generation and New Resource Discovery: Software and Services
Authors: Mitchell Steve
Published: May 2013

Research and other libraries are priceless given that they hold, organize and provide sensible, generally open, access to many of the treasures of knowledge of our species. Especially when mass media, popular culture and/or governmental information flows fail in making available the objective and relevant information needed to enable us to make informed decisions about our lives, businesses or planet, libraries usually will provide the information needed. As both a first and last refuge for knowledge, libraries could come to play an increasingly expansive and critical role in society, given this need, if we can develop and better keep pace with the expanding role of technology in scholarly and educational communication and information access. Librarians and the technological directions we choose to develop and/or follow are more important, on a societal scale, than most us think. Libraries and related services are not inexpensive to develop and maintain, though, and, with the information boom that both preceded (in print resources) and continues to follow the advent of the Web (in both print and digital resources), are not keeping up with the large numbers of significant information resources being produced. Therefore an important contribution to help enable libraries work better and have more impact on a more expansive scale is the development and judicious use of machine–assistance related software, technologies and services which amplify collection building expertise in library collection building. Discussed in this article are two projects in this area.
Getting the Word Out: Making Digital Project Metadata Available to Aggregators
Authors: Hillman Diane I.
Published: May 2013

Digital projects managed by traditional libraries have tended to follow the “exhibit” model, with an expectation that Web search engines are the best and only way to attract users to available resources. The development of aggregations based on OAI–PMH provides another avenue for libraries and museums to use to market their resources to users who might not discover their resources using individual portals.
Examining MARC Records as Artifacts That Reflect Metadata Utilization Decisions
Authors: Moen William E.
Published: May 2013

None Available.
Advances in Discovery: The Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative Experience
Authors: Buckland Michael K. , Lancaster Lewis R.
Published: May 2013

The Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative was founded in 1997 by a group of scholars with a mission to advance education and research in the humanities and social sciences through increased attention to time and place. Knowing about context forms the basis for discovery and understanding. Our recent emphasis has been on developing a metadata infrastructure for the four facets What, Where, When and Who, each of which has special characteristics and display requirements, to advance discovery. WHAT requires thesauri of topics and tools to explore cross references within and between thesauri. WHERE needs place name gazetteers and map displays. Similarly, for WHEN we developed a directory that connects named time periods with calendar dates and a timeline or chronology. WHO requires best practices and standards for encoding the events in people’s lives, for contextualizing those events, and for displaying interpersonal relationships.
Archives on the Web: Unlocking Collections While Safeguarding Privacy
Authors: Hodson Sara S.
Published: May 2013

Privacy has become an increasingly worrisome issue in modern life. Technological innovations, especially the Internet, expand and enhance the manner and extent by which private or sensitive information is collected and shared, leaving all of us more vulnerable to the invasion of our privacy. As archival information, both original materials themselves and the descriptions of these materials, increasingly appears on the Internet, archivists and information specialists must ensure that they do not inadvertently or thoughtlessly make available private, sensitive or proprietary information.
A privacy paradox: Social networking in the United States
Authors: Barnes Susan B.
Published: May 2013

Teenagers will freely give up personal information to join social networks on the Internet. Afterwards, they are surprised when their parents read their journals. Communities are outraged by the personal information posted by young people online and colleges keep track of student activities on and off campus. The posting of personal information by teens and students has consequences. This article will discuss the uproar over privacy issues in social networks by describing a privacy paradox; private versus public space; and, social networking privacy issues. It will finally discuss proposed privacy solutions and steps that can be taken to help resolve the privacy paradox.
Unpacking "I Don't Want It" - why novices and non-users don't use the Internet
Authors: Green R. Michelle
Published: May 2013

The simple statement “I don’t want the Internet” hides misperceptions and personal beliefs that many novices and non–users hold about technology. Most non–users have limited opportunity to interact with those embracing technology. Inclusion in (and exclusion from) a technologically rich lifestyle creates feedback loops that inhibit technology learning in non–users, while facilitating it in experienced users. Such factors compound, leaving non–users unaware of and uninterested in technology’s benefi
Publishing cooperatives: An alternative for non-profit publishers
Authors: Crow Raym
Published: May 2013

Publishing cooperatives — owned, controlled, and benefiting non–profit publishers — would provide an organizational and financial structure well suited to balancing society publishers’ twin imperatives of financial sustainability and mission fulfillment. Market challenges and structural constraints often render it difficult for small society publishers to compete individually. Publishing cooperatives would allow society publishers to remain independent while operating collectively to overcome both structural and strategic disadvantages and to address the inefficiencies in the market for academic journals. Publishing cooperatives can provide a scaleable publishing model that aligns with the values of the academy while providing a practical financial framework capable of sustaining society publishing programs.
Publicly shared intelligence
Authors: De Valk Giliam , Martin Brian
Published: May 2013

Publicly shared intelligence is the gathering and analysis of information of political value that is openly available to the public and able to be tested. This is a potential alternative to the sort of secret intelligence normally carried out by government agencies. Desirable features of publicly shared intelligence can be determined by analogy to other open knowledge production systems, including science and open source software. The case of the Shipping Research Bureau illustrates the potential of publicly shared intelligence. We outline features of a publicly shared intelligence system, including implications for public education.
Knowledge and governance in the digital age: The politics of monitoring planetary life
Authors: Latham Robert
Published: May 2013

Planetary phenomena, such as global climate change and transborder disease transmission, are increasing subject to monitoring aided by advances in surveillance and data processing technologies. The most powerful governments of the world, especially the United States, are building monitoring systems they can control. Communities and activists around the world face a fundamental choice: become involved in shaping those systems so they better serve the needs and interests of the world’s population or build their own independent, unofficial monitoring systems.
The politics of the libre commons
Authors: Berry David M. , Moss Giles
Published: May 2013

The project of ‘free culture’ is committed to the creation of a cultural space, rather like the ‘public domain’, seeking to complement/replace that of proprietary cultural commodities and privatized meaning. This has been given a new impetus with the birth of the Creative Commons. This organization has sought to introduce cultural producers across the world to the possibilities of sharing, co–operation and commons–based peer–production by creating a set of interwoven licenses for creators to append to their artwork, music and text. In this paper, we chart the connections between this movement and the early Free Software and Open Source movements and question whether underlying assumptions that are ignored or de–politicized are a threat to the very free culture that the project purports to save. We then move to suggest a new discursive project linked to notions of radical democracy.
Why study users? An environmental scan of use and users of digital resources in humanities and social sciences undergraduate education
Authors: Harley Diane
Published: May 2013

This article presents an overview of a two-year study [1] that (1) mapped the universe of digital resources available to undergraduate educators in the humanities and social sciences (H/SS); and, (2) examined how a better understanding of the variation in use and users can benefit the integration of these resources into undergraduate teaching. Our results suggest that faculty use a vast array of online materials from both educational and “non-educational” sources, but many do not use digital resources for a host of reasons including the lack of direct relevance to their preferred pedagogical approaches, and insufficient time and classroom resources. Our discussions with digital resource providers confirmed that an understanding of the actual use of their resources in undergraduate settings is often murky. These discussions also made clear that resources created by higher education institutions will continue to proliferate despite a lack of formal knowledge about users and/or clear models for financial sustainability. A more precise understanding of the diversity of use and user behavior, and the ability to share findings from user studies, will require that the digital resource development community make typologies, standards of data and data collection, and results more transparent.
Scholarly publishing initiatives at the International Rice Research Institute: Linking users to public goods via open access
Authors: Borrero Albert , Ramos Mila , Arsenal Anna , Lopez Katherine , Hettel Gene
Published: May 2013

Scientists at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines, generate a large volume of research results emanating from donor-funded projects. The main objective is to disseminate, as widely as possible, the results of IRRI's research. There is also a strong push to provide free open access to these information resources through modes convenient to researchers in both developing and developed countries.

Certain instruments for open access (OA) are already in place at IRRI, including links to full-text publications posted on the Institute's Web site (http://www.irri.org/), especially via the Library branch site (http://ricelib.irri.cgiar.org/), the Rice Knowledge Bank (http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/), and Rice Publications Archive (http://rice-publications.irri.org/). The joint initiatives of the Library and the Institute's main science publishing units, particularly Communication and Publications Services and the Training Center, typify a convergence of practices to overcome hurdles to OA implementation.

This paper explores how the links in IRRI's scholarly publishing chain, bridging information management and publishing, can effectively deliver public goods (knowledge about rice, in this case) to the intended primary users -- researchers and extensionists in the national agricultural research and extension systems (NARES) in developing countries.

It also discusses publishing models for delivering public goods generated by an international research organization. To meet its mission, IRRI must employ various demand-supply models to disseminate information. Open access publishing is one model to adopt but first, the onus is on the Institute to overcome issues such as intellectual property rights, funding, and connectivity.

IRRI's donors, NARES partners, governments, and rice farmers and consumers expect it to create and share information for the common good, and it strives to convert its resources into electronic format for delivery over the Internet. However, not all its stakeholders are connected.

To create impact, IRRI must deliver information through whatever appropriate form, be it cutting-edge digital versions or traditional hard-copy books. This paper discusses this dilemma and hopes to encourage further research and thought on open access publishing.
Opening up scholarly information at the University of Illinois at Chicago
Authors: Case Mary M. , John Nancy R.
Published: May 2013

This paper describes and reflects on the University of Illinois at Chicago's infrastructure for journal publishing (http://journals.uic.edu) using OJS. It describes why the Library took on this role. Two specific journal examples, First Monday and Behavior and Social Issues, are analyzed. The paper addresses the implementation and the strategies; it also considers the impact of the software on the journals. In particular, the key role played by the Library is explored, along with the importance of a supportive, collaborative partnership with the campus' Computing Center. Finally, the place of the OJS implementation in the Library's total information management strategy is described, along with plans for the future.
The impact of the open access movement on medical based scholarly publishing in Nigeria
Authors: Dennis Alasia Datonye
Published: May 2013

The open access movement and its initiatives -- which advocate a shift from predominant print-based publication to electronic and Internet sources -- is expected to improve the global distribution of scholarly research and impact positively on the current state of scholarly publications in the developing world. This review examines the current state of medical journals in Nigeria and assesses the impact of the open access movement and its initiatives on medical scholarly publishing in Nigeria. The resulting appraisal shows that open access initiatives have impacted positively on medical scholarly publishing in Nigeria, with the African Journals Online and the African Index Medicus projects being the most significant influences. There are enormous prospects for further developing medical scholarly publishing in Nigeria using open access initiatives; these opportunities should be exploited and developed.
From production to publishing at CJC online: Experiences, insights, and considerations for adoption
Authors: Felczak Michael , Lorimer Rowland , Smith Richard
Published: May 2013

We describe and analyze the dynamics of online publishing and technological development at the Canadian Journal of Communication with a focus on issues of ownership and control, financial stability, technological expertise, editorial outlook, and readership demand. Based on over ten years of experience with online publishing, the authors provide suggestions on how more widespread adoption of online publishing might be achieved in Canadian social science and humanities journals given the current and quickly evolving publishing environment.
Open access to open publish: National Library of Australia
Authors: Graham Slobodanka (Bobby)
Published: May 2013

Academic and scholarly journals are in trouble: small print runs, part-time editors, and dwindling funds are conspiring to crush them. But help is at hand: new trends in open access publishing support free, digital and open access to research literature, bringing writing and discourse to new and wider audiences.

The National Library of Australia has created an Open Publish Web space, using the Open Journal Systems (OJS) digital publishing software to manage, host and deliver an online open access journal service.

The Library's objective is to establish "new ways of collecting, sharing, recording, disseminating and preserving knowledge". We want "to ensure our relevance in a rapidly changing world, [by participating] in new online communities". For these reasons, the Library decided to engage in an open access journal publishing trial.

This paper outlines the collaboration between the Library and the Association for the Study of Australian Literature to migrate their peer-reviewed journal, JASAL, to an online format.

The successful outcome has informed the Library's decision to include Open Publish journals in the Library's collections.
Newfound Press: The digital imprint of the University of Tennessee Libraries
Authors: Phillips Linda L.
Published: May 2013

The University of Tennessee Libraries launched its digital imprint, Newfound Press, in 2005 to develop a framework for making peer reviewed scholarly and specialized works available worldwide. Building on local digitization investments, Newfound Press has published two monographs, hosts a born–digital journal, and is experimenting with publishing conference proceedings as digital multimedia. Through Newfound Press, the University of Tennessee is promoting open access publishing while resolving issues such as finding sustainable funding, creating a process for peer review “on the fly,” and establishing credibility as a viable scholarly publications venue. If every research library were to provide similar services, access to scholarship could become more transparent than ever before.
A critical theory of open access: Libraries and electronic publishing
Authors: Pyati Ajit
Published: May 2013

The stranglehold that commercial publishers have over scholarly publishing and the high prices of their journals have led to the so–called “scholarly publication crisis.” Academic librarians and concerned scholars have had to advocate for alternative models of scholarly publishing that challenge the commercial publishers’ control, and the open access movement has taken hold. This article introduces the framework of critical theory into the discourse of open access. Critical theory contextualizes the scholarly publication crisis within the dominant information society framework of increasing commodification of information and enhanced global capitalism. While providing tools for analysis and enhanced advocacy, the critical theory framework links libraries with other advocacy movements related to freedom of access to information and opens up new democratic possibilities for engagement. In particular, electronic publishing is an area in which libraries have the potential to effect changes in a commercially dominated market, thereby contributing to greater equity of information access.
Establishing an online editorial and publishing system: One-year experience with the Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Authors: Saghaei Mahmoud
Published: May 2013

Although numerous published materials recommend journals to become online, few of them mention the transitional period, and to our knowledge none of them propose a rational evidence based approach to overcome the difficulties inherent in this time period. Studying the experiences of different journals during their transition into online business may help to delineate prominent factors affecting the whole process and its final outcome. In this article the story of a particular medial journal (Journal of Research in Medical Sciences) to change into an online practice is presented hoping to share experiences with other journals around the world.
Hub and terminal: Developing a method for textual analysis on the World Wide Web
Authors: Paul Christopher
Published: May 2013

Although the World Wide Web offers a wealth of texts for analysis, the design of the Web opens questions about where potential research objects begin and end. This paper focuses on how the links underlying the Web can both facilitate and deny connections to other sites, which, when viewing the texts based on their interconnectedness, gives scholars a means by which to constitute a text to analyze while preserving the dynamism of the links within a Web site. Two terms are developed to address the dynamics of different sites, with “hub” and “terminal” design becoming metaphors for the ways in which three online sites engage in the process of (dis)connecting themselves to the Web at large. Using the metaphor of hub and terminal design for analysis of Web texts offers scholars a means by which to stabilize a Web site and offer a platform for textual analysis.