bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ekonomi Muda, Konsumsi Bijak: Pengaruh Literasi Ekonomi, Lifestyle, dan Faktor Sosial Ekonomi terhadap Tren Consumptive Behavior
Authors: Rodiyah Aisyatur , Pradikto Sugeng
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh literasi ekonomi, gaya hidup dan faktor sosial ekonomi terhadap perilaku konsumen mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Ekonomi Universitas PGRI Wiranegara Pasuruan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survei, dimana data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang mencakup literasi ekonomi, gaya hidup dan faktor sosial ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa literasi ekonomi mempunyai dampak yang signifikan dalam membantu siswa mengelola keuangannya dengan bijak. Semakin tinggi literasi ekonomi siswa maka akan semakin baik pula perencanaan dan pengelolaan pengeluarannya sehingga terhindar dari perilaku konsumtif yang tidak perlu. Gaya hidup pelajar, yang dipengaruhi oleh tren sosial, juga memainkan peran penting, dimana banyak pelajar yang mengeluarkan uang terlalu banyak untuk mengikuti tren. Selain itu, faktor sosial ekonomi seperti latar belakang keluarga juga mempengaruhi pola konsumsi siswa. Pelajar dengan latar belakang ekonomi tinggi cenderung memiliki kemampuan finansial yang lebih baik namun juga lebih rentan terhadap perilaku konsumtif. Secara simultan ketiga variabel tersebut mempunyai pengaruh yang kuat terhadap perilaku konsumsi mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar mahasiswa meningkatkan literasi ekonomi, mengatur gaya hidup dengan lebih bijak, dan mempertimbangkan faktor sosial ekonomi untuk mengurangi perilaku konsumen yang tidak terkendali.
Peran Konten TikTok dalam Mengembangkan Branding sebagai Media Bisnis Digital yang Berprofitabilitas
Authors: Wulandari Safitri , Zahiroh Mun’yah , Maknunah Lu’luil , Halizah Siti Nur
Published: February 2025

Dalam era digital yang terus berkembang, media sosial memainkan peran penting dalam strategi pemasaran bisnis, dan TikTok telah muncul sebagai salah satu platform yang paling efektif dalam membangun branding bagi bisnis digital. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi peran konten TikTok dalam mengembangkan branding serta dampaknya terhadap profitabilitas bisnis. Dengan jumlah pengguna yang terus meningkat, TikTok menawarkan peluang besar untuk menjangkau audiens yang lebih luas dan meningkatkan keterlibatan konsumen melalui konten kreatif, interaktif, dan mudah disebarkan. Artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana konten yang relevan dan menarik dapat memperkuat citra brand, membangun hubungan emosional dengan konsumen, dan menciptakan loyalitas. Selain itu, TikTok juga memungkinkan bisnis untuk melakukan promosi produk atau layanan dengan biaya yang relatif rendah, namun memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap visibilitas dan penjualan. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus dan analisis tren pemasaran terkini, artikel ini menunjukkan bagaimana TikTok dapat menjadi alat yang sangat menguntungkan bagi bisnis untuk meningkatkan branding dan mencapai profitabilitas yang lebih tinggi. Kesimpulannya, TikTok bukan hanya sekadar platform hiburan, tetapi juga menjadi kekuatan utama dalam pemasaran digital yang dapat memaksimalkan potensi keuntungan bagi pelaku bisnis.
Understanding Contextual Strategies and Engaging Learning from SMA NW Kopang Biology Teacher to Enhance Student Motivation
Authors: Sakaroni Rubiyatna , Listantia Nora , Ningthias Dyah Puspitasari
Published: February 2025

Tantangan dalam belajar biologi sering kali muncul, terutama karena sifat materinya yang kompleks dan membutuhkan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang konsep-konsep yang saling berkaitan. Hal ini menyebabkan banyak siswa mengalami penurunan motivasi. Guru biologi SMA NW Kopang menjaga agar siswa tetap termotivasi dalam belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi yang diterapkan oleh guru biologi SMA NW Kopang dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan analisis dokumen. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru menggunakan berbagai strategi seperti pembelajaran kontekstual, penggunaan teknologi pendidikan, pendekatan personal, serta penyisipan ice breaking dan reward untuk menciptakan suasana pembelajaran yang interaktif dan relevan. Selain itu, integrasi nilai-nilai Islam dalam pembelajaran biologi memberikan dimensi moral yang memperkuat hubungan antara sains dan karakter siswa. Faktor internal seperti minat dan kepercayaan diri siswa, serta faktor eksternal seperti dukungan guru dan lingkungan belajar, ditemukan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap motivasi belajar. Strategi ini tidak hanya membantu siswa memahami materi biologi yang kompleks, tetapi juga mendorong keterlibatan aktif mereka dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan metode pembelajaran yang inovatif dan relevan dengan kebutuhan siswa, khususnya di sekolah berbasis Islam. Penelitian lebih lanjut direkomendasikan untuk mengeksplorasi dampak jangka panjang dari strategi ini terhadap hasil belajar siswa di berbagai konteks pendidikan yang berbeda.
Exploring How Storytelling and Emotional Appeals Influence Purchase Decisions
Authors: Varma K Vinod
Published: February 2025

The present research focuses on the effects of storying appeals and feelings appeal on consumers buying decisions with the purpose of explaining the way stories and emotions bias buying decisions. Given the fact that storytelling has emerged as crucial element in current communication and marketing strategies, the research aims at establishing the processes that enhance the use of the tool to enhance brand familiarisation and purchasing decisions. Both quantitative and qualitative research paradigms were employed and surveys, focus groups and statistical results were collected from a conveniently sampled group of consumers. Implications summarise that using emotional appeals increases consumer interest and purchase intention notably when the emotion appeals invoke aspects of culture, self-identity, and goals. Of the themes, self-actualization, family, and social relatedness were identified as being most useful. The study also discovers concrete affective cues, including empathy and nostalgia, as crucial to capture audience’s heart. The findings therefore support assertions that the inclusion of audiences’ authenticity in marketing communication messages is valid. Specific suggestions are preventing generalizations of narratives to audiences, using culturally appropriate themes and employing monitoring mechanisms to enhance narratives’ delivery. This paper’s results add to the ongoing discussion of the concept of emotion marketing and offer specific advice for marketers interested in implementing storytelling with a strategy that will succeed from a business perspective. In this way, focusing on the strategic potential of storytelling and appealing to emotions, this work closes the gap between consumer psychological studies and marketing activities, presenting a logically consistent and methodologically grounded framework for analyzing and using narratives and emotions in various contexts of the market.
In vitro step up NaCl treatment method as inducer of salinity tolerance in Basmati rice varieties
Authors: Batool Naveeda , Afrasiab Humera
Published: February 2025

Background: It has been recorded that salt negatively impacts rice crop's seedling and reproductive stages. Globally, soil salinity is 2nd most important abiotic factor, profoundly impacting rice productivity. The purpose of current research is to persuade tolerance for salinity in salt sensitive varieties of Basmati rice [Basmati-385 (Bas-385), Super Basmati (Sup-Bas) and Basmati-2000 (Bas-2000)] by use of in vitro step-up NaCl treatment method.Methods: The in vitro step up NaCl treatment method was used to produce salt-tolerant calli from salt-sensitive Basmati rice varieties. The regeneration of these salt-tolerant calli in a salt-free medium led to the M1 generation. Subsequently, M2 and M3 generations were cultivated and garnered under salt stress conditions.Results: The highest callus induction percentage was achieved for all Basmati rice varieties by using MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D. These calli underwent in vitro step up NaCl treatments, with the maximum tolerance level to NaCl being 1.0% across all varieties. Bas-385 and Bas-2000 exhibited regeneration frequencies of 75% and 85% respectively when cultured in MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L NAA, while Sup-Bas displayed a regeneration frequency of 79% in MS medium comprising 3.0 mg/L BAP with 0.5 mg/L NAA. In subsequent M2 and M3 generations, a decline was observed in all selected agronomic and morphological features in all varieties under salinity stress in comparison to parent plants.Conclusion: This research validates the induction of salt tolerance in salt susceptible varieties of Basmati rice by in vitro step up NaCl treatment technique.Keywords:  In vitro selection; Salt tolerance; Basmati rice; Step up NaCl treatment; Callogenesis; Plant regeneration
Detection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk in a dairy farm
Authors: Permatasari Dian Ayu , Ariati Ajeng Rizki , Rahmahani Jola , Effendi Mustofa Helmi , Tyasningsih Wiwiek , Khairullah Aswin Rafif , Bernard Agumah Nnabuife
Published: February 2025

Background: The presence of microorganisms in milk cannot be totally prevented, making it a crucial factor in determining its quality. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the germs that can be detected in milk and other dairy products. Many S. aureus related foodborne disease outbreaks have been reported to be caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains.Methods: In the Indonesian province of East Java, a total of 112 raw milk samples were taken from various dairy farms.  10 ml of milk was collected from each cow using a sterile bottle. The Milk samples were transported to the laboratory under a cold chain and analyzed using standard microbiological procedures. Evaluation of S. aureus isolates for antibiotic susceptibility using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Findings from this study showed that 100 (89.2%) out of 112 samples of raw milk taken from dairy farms in 2 regions located in Pasuruan and Lumajang yielded positive for S. aureus. The antibiotic sensitivity profile showed that Cefoxitin was the most effective with 2% resistance. The highest resistance recorded was against Ampicillin (78%). Resistance recorded against other antibiotics include Tetracycline (36%), Erythromycin (11%), and Amoxicillin (12%). Multidrug resistance was recorded for S. aureus isolates from 10 samples of raw milk.Conclusion: The study's conclusions highlight the risk of milk contamination and the potential for S. aureus to develop multidrug resistance, both of which are harmful to human health. It is strongly recommended that strict hygiene practices be maintained and improved in dairy farms.Keywords:  Staphylococcus aureus; Multidrug resistance; Raw milk; Human health; Indonesia
In silico advancement of Aspergillus niger gluconic acid hyperproduction recommends plans for switching acid productivity
Authors: Habib Aiman , Muhammad Sher , Naveed Khalid , Huma Tayyaba , Shah Asad Ali , Rashid Kamran , Hussain Khadim , Ahmed Temoor , Ismail Muhammad , Manzoor Irfan , Faisal Muhammad , Aladhadh Mohammed
Published: February 2025

Background: Non-toxic, non-volatile organic acid, gluconic acid (pentahydroxycaproic acid) is found in abundance in honey and plants and in wines. Gluconic acid and its salts are used widely in food, feed, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and many other industries.Methods: In the current investigation, Aspergillus niger was utilized for Gluconic acid production in submerged fermentation. Furthermore, for Gluconic acid hyperproduction, the fungus Aspergillus niger was exposed to MNNG (100 µg/ml) for 15 minutes. Aspergillus niger strain (parent and mutant) was tested and identified for its capability of producing gluconic acid. We finished the molecular identification, in which we extracted the DNA from the  A. niger and amplified its ITS region using specific primers. We further sequenced the amplified product and created a phylogenetic tree employing the MEGA6 software.Results: The tree results showed that our target sequence has 100% identity with Aspergillus niger, which proved that the isolated strain belongs to the Aspergillus genera. In addition, factors related to the production of gluconic acid were confirmed by cultivating the mutant strain A. niger (MG1) and the parent strain under several conditions. These included varying the pH (4-7), temperature (30-40°C), and the concentration of the carbon source (40-100 g/l). The outcomes displayed that the best pH was 5. The most favorable temperature was 30°C, and maximum production occurred at a carbon source concentration of 100 g/l, for both mutant and parent strains.Conclusion: This study shows how microbial strains and substrates could be used to attain cost-effective hyperproduction of gluconic acid to achieve objectives of industrial significance. Keywords: Gluconic Acid; Aspergillus niger; Hyper-production; Mutation; Molecular identification; Sequencing
Immunohistochemical expression of Annexin A2 and Annexin A6 in a random sample group of Iraqi women with triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Sulaiman Hadjir Saad , Gaidan Hiba Ahmed , Zamil Raghad Hanoon
Published: February 2025

Background: Breast cancer represents the most common and the first leading cause of cancer-associated deaths in Iraqi women. It is a heterogeneous disease with different subtypes; one of these subtypes is triple-negative (basal-like) breast cancer, which is characterized by a distinctive molecular profile, aggressive clinical behavior, and the absence of targeted therapies. Annexin A2 and Annexin A6 are part of the Annexin protein family; these proteins have a suggested role in the evolution and progression of many cancer types, including breast cancer. Evaluation of the immunohistochemical expression of Annexin A2 and Annexin A6 in triple-negative subtype) in a random sample group of Iraqi women patients and correlating the results with clinicopathological parameters, including tumor grade and stage.Methods: The current study was conducted in Baghdad /Iraq, in which forty paraffin-embedded blocks of breast tissue from women patients diagnosed with breast cancer were collected and selected to be triple-negative breast cancer. Immunohistochemical staining of Annexin A2 and Annexin A6 markers was performed for this sample with a correlation of the results with clinicopathological parameters, including tumor grade and stage.Results: The study demonstrates a significant association between Annexin A2 and Annexin A6 expression and a significant association between Annexin A2 expression and tumor grade and stage in triple-negative breast cancer in this group of Iraqi patients.Conclusions: This study displays the role of Annexin A2 and Annexin A6 in triple-negative breast cancer and suggests the role of Annexin A2 in the progression, metastasis, and prognosis of this special type of breast cancer by its association with advanced tumor grade and stage.Keywords: Annexin A2; Annexin A6; triple-negative; Breast cancer
Study role of gold and silver nanoparticles on antibacterial activity and lung cancer cell line (A549)
Authors: Alkharsan Noor , Al-Laith Zainab Naser , Masoodi Sura Z. Al , Al-Ibrahem Nibras
Published: February 2025

Background: This study will evaluate gold and silver nanoparticles' antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and synergistic effects on the human lung epithelial cell line A549 lung cancer cell line.Methods: Gold and silver nanoparticles (33-40 nm) were obtained from Nanomaterials at quantities of 5, 15, 25, and 35 µg mL⁻¹. The University of Kerbala Biology Department donated bacterial isolates for this investigation. Clinical specimens yielded Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Vitek-2 confirmed isolate identities and antibiotic susceptibility. Lung cancer was studied using A549 lung cancer cells from a 58-year-old Caucasian male's lung tissue.Results: The results show that nano-gold complexes are more effective than silver nanoparticles against lung cancer. Gold nanoparticles exhibit a significant inhibitory concentration of 35 µg/ml, culminating in a 55 µg/ml anti-cancer effect, while silver nanoparticles have a maximum inhibition of 49 µg/ml. At a concentration of 35 µg/ml, gold nanoparticles inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a 29 mm zone.No significant difference in cell growth inhibition was seen at lower dosages of 5, 15, and 25 µg/ml. The treatment's antioxidant and cytoprotective characteristics reduce paracetamol-induced oxidative stress, explaining this lack of difference. These findings imply that gold nanoparticles may protect against oxidative damage and cancer.Conclusion: The cytotoxic effects of gold (AuNPs) and silver (AgNPs) on A549 human lung cancer cells were different. At 35 µg/mL, AuNPs inhibited cell growth by 55%, while AgNPs showed a 49% inhibition rate. AuNPs were more effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa than Staphylococcus aureus than AgNPs. These findings show that AuNPs may be useful in anticancer and antibacterial therapy, depending on nanoparticle concentration and target specificity. Keywords: Gold; Silver nanoparticles; Lung cancer; Staphylococcus aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Prevalence of Microbial Contamination and Aflatoxins (B1) in Flour Producing Silos
Authors: Ibrahim Iman Khaleel , Yassen Kadhim Hashim , Alzubaidi Lubna
Published: February 2025

Background: The microbial growth and fungal growth associated with the process of storing and grinding wheat is one of the main reasons affecting consumer health. The current study aimed to measure bacterial, fungal and mycotoxins prevalence in Iraqi silos and mills, which May affect the health of silo workers and public health.Methods: The study included 40 samples of local wheat grains and 40 samples of wheat flour were collected randomly for the summer seasons from 4 silos in Baghdad, Maysan silo and Al- Basra silos in the south, and Erbil silo and Kirkuk silo in the northern region during July and August 2022.Results: The results of the study showed the spread of many types of pathological spores that were isolated from wheat flour and local wheat, and also the chemical analysis indicated the presence of mycotoxins the following silos (Al-Dora, Al-Taji, Al-Khan, Maysan, Al- Basra, Kirkuk) in a percentage affecting human health.Conclusions: The statistical analysis data shows  significant difference (p ≤ 0.05)  for local wheat and  local flour, the temperature and moisture associated with storage and grind respectively, most specimens of domestic wheat and the flour produced from them contain more total coliforms and fungi than the permissible limit.Keywords: Temperature; Moisture; Microorganisms; B1 Aflatoxin
Significance of miR-122 -and miR- 150 in the pathogenicity of hepatitis B infection
Authors: Al-Maliki Lamiaa , Issa Yasir W. , Salih Shahlaa M.
Published: February 2025

Background: HBV, a contagious infection, causes chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer in many people. The WHO estimates that 2 billion people are exposed to HBV annually, depending on when. The Hepadnaviridae family virus has an unfinished 3.2-kilobase double-stranded DNA molecule. Increased ALT, AST, and HBsAg positive or HBV DNA viral load are used to identify the illness. Despite global immunization campaigns, nations with low vaccination coverage and no diagnosis remain concerned. The worldwide HBV burden remains high. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) bind to mRNAs after transcription to govern gene expression, hepatitis B virus replication, and extracellular matrix development.Methods: Sixty six Iraqi HBV patients were involved in a case-sectional control study. From September 2021 to February 2022, blood samples were taken from Al-Yarmook Teaching Hospital and Central Public Health Laboratory in Baghdad. ELISA verified HBV markers, HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb in all samples, and real-time PCR estimated viral load from DNA. The research found that miR122 and miR150 gene expressions affect HBV fibrosis severity.Results: The gene expression of miR-122 and miR-150 was found using RT-PCR after normalization with Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a common housekeeping gene. The analysis of variance found substantial differences between patients and controls. The research found a considerable downregulation of miRNA-122 and miRNA-150 in HBV-infected individuals.Conclusions: Depending on HBV severity, miRNA levels may vary. HBV patients, especially those with fibrosis and chronic HBV, have reduced miR122 and miR150. MiR-122 and miR-150 may be interesting HBV diagnostic, fibrosis progression, and therapeutic targets.Keywords: Hepatitis B virus; MicroRNAs (miRNAs); RT-PCR; Primers; Gene expression; Liver disease
Investigating the Association Between Vitamin D and Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies in Hypothyroid Iraqi Patients
Authors: Ameen Bilal Qays , Jame Rashid , Nader Mohammed Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between vitamin D quantities and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO) in Iraqi hypothyroidism patients and healthy individuals, using statistical analyses including the Cs-T, t-test, and P-values.Methods: This study collected samples from hypothyroidism patients and healthy individuals as the control group. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Cs-T, t-test, and P-values to compare the results of vitamin D quantities and anti-TPO levels between the two groups.Results: The study found no statistically significant difference in the number of AA and AC genotypes between the two groups (p = 0.21 at a significance level of 0.05). However, a significant difference was observed in the quantity of CC, CT, and TT genotypes (p = 0.02). The mean vitamin D levels in healthy individuals were significantly different from those with thyroid gland conditions (p = 0.010), and there was a significant difference in the mean anti-TPO levels in the serum of healthy individuals and individuals with thyroid disorders (p < 0.0001). The correlation coefficient suggested a converse relationship between vitamin D concentration and anti-TPO concentration in both healthy individuals and those with autoimmune-thyroid conditions.
Neutropenic fever in patients with Hematologic Malignancies: Microorganisms and antimicrobial susceptibility
Authors: Al-Shawy Huda A. , Jumaa Ali K.
Published: February 2025

Background: Neutropenic fever is a life-threatening complication for patients with hematological malignancies during the course of their management. Early and precise detection of causative microorganisms are crucial. The purpose of this study was to identify the spectrum of these microorganisms and antimicrobial susceptibility.Methods: A total of 58 patients with proven hematological malignancies at The Basrah Center for Oncology and Hematology were included. Blood samples were inoculated into bottles of Bract/Alert blood culture system and sent to the reference lab for study. Culture from positive bottles were plated on appropriate media, and incubated at 37°C and 30°C for bacterial and fungal isolation, respectively. A bacterial suspension with turbidity equal to 0.5 McFarland (1.5 × 108 CFU/mL) was prepared and used for the Vitec2 system (bioMerieux). Statistical analysis using SPSS software version 26 was used for statistical analysis.Results: Among 58 patients with approved hematologic malignancies, 29.31% (n:17) samples established positive blood culture. Of them, 9 were gram-negative (15.52%) and 4 were gram-positive bacteria (6.89%), 1 was gram-positive bacillus facultative anaerobe (1.73) and, 3 patients (5.17%) showed fungemia.Conclusion: Thirty- five % of the samples studied were culture-positive. The most frequent microorganisms were gram-positive bacteria. CRP is a useful predictor of mortality for febrile neutropenic patients.Keywords: Neutropenic fever; Blood culture; Chemotherapy; hematologic malignancies
In Silico Analysis of CYP1B1 Gene Mutations in Pakistani Families Reveals Structural and Functional Characteristics
Authors: Shan Muhammad Adnan , Munir Maha , Khan Muhammad Umer , Rehman Raima , Zahid Tazeen , Ullah Muhammad Ikram , Khan Samiullah , Mohammed Alameen Ayman Ali , Farhana Aisha
Published: February 2025

Background: Mutations in the CYP1B1 gene have been associated with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), a developmental visual disorder. CYP1B1 mutations have been linked to increased lipid peroxidation and abnormalities in trabecular meshwork. In this study, protein modeling was utilized to analyze the pathogenicity of hotspot mutations in the CYP1B1 gene in Pakistani families with PCG.Methods: A comprehensive literature survey was conducted to identify CYP1B1 mutations in Pakistani Patients. Ensemble was used to identify missense mutations. 3-D modeling of the mutants was done using I-Tasser. Potential deleterious effects and pathogenicity were evaluated using PolyPhen-2. The effects of amino acid substitutions on protein function were assessed using SIFT analysis, scoring pathogenic mutations from 0.0 to 1.0 in decreasing order. The secondary structure of the mutated protein was predicted using PSIRED. MusiteDeep server identified potential phosphorylation sites, while Pfam database examined the potentially mutated domains. The potential effects on other genes were evaluated using Gene MANIA server and STRING databasesResults: A total of 5 hotspot mutations—4 missense (c.716C>G/p. A115P, c.988G>T/p. A330F, c.355G>T/p. A119S, and c.1058C>T/p. E229K) and 1 frameshift mutation (c.1325delC/p. P442Efs*15)—were identified among Pakistani patients. A119S was the most common mutation. 3-D modeling of the mutant proteins using i-Tasser revealed the global topology of the variants. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree of the CYP1B1 gene revealed its closest association with Phodopus roborovskii. Secondary structure of the mutant had six alpha helices, six coils, and six extracellular structures. Potential phosphorylation was identified in two nsSNP residues.Conclusion: This in silico analysis contributes to understanding the structural and functional implications of CYP1B1 gene mutations. These insights can potentially help in the development of new targeted and personalized treatments for PCG patients.Keywords: Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG); Missense mutation; In silico Analysis
Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil by xylanase enzyme
Authors: Abdulhussein Hassan Muslem , Muslim Sahira Nsayef , Muslem Wafaa Hassan
Published: February 2025

Background: The global spread of petrochemical and petroleum contamination, such as petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs), is currently a significant environmental risk. The global biosphere is badly harmed by these pollutants, and biodiversity is significantly reduced. This study was to screen for xylanase synthesis in Pseudomonas spp. and evaluate its efficiency as a bioremediator in removal of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil.Methods: Soil samples from Al-Dora oil plant Baghdad, Iraq, were cultured in nutritional agar medium containing 0.5% of corn cob xylan for determination of xylanase producers and measuring of xylanase activity, after that xylanaseproducers were identified. The xylanase was purified with DEAE-cellulose chromatography and the percentage of hydrocarbon degradation was calculated after treatment of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil with purified xylanase and detection of hydrocarbon degradation percentage.Results: Pseudomonas putida had the highest productivity for xylanase in comparison with other Pseudomonas species such as Pseudomonas syringae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which revealed lower levels in xylanase production. Ammonium salt saturation and ion exchange chromatography were used to purify the xylanase enzyme on a DEAE-cellulose column with ultimate recovery of 43% and 4.3 fold of purification. With pure xylanase, hydrocarbons degraded over time, peaking after two weeks and then progressively diminishing.Conclusions: Pseudomonas putida is the best producer foe xylanase than other species. The purified xylanase led to removal of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil with time increasing manner until maximum removal after 15 days. Authors recommend using xylanase for cleaning up of oil-contaminated areas. Therefore, employing microorganisms as biological tools may be a more feasible way to handle one of the most serious issues in modern society which might be a more workable and affordable way to minimize waste and preserve natural resources.Keywords: Petroleum hydrocarbons; Pseudomonas putida; Xylanase; Bioremediation; Soil contamination
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: a potential therapy in an autoimmune hepatitis rat model
Authors: Sultan Nagia , Saadeldin Ramadhan Wafaa , Alkarim Saleh
Published: February 2025

Background: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is becoming more common worldwide. The therapy choices for AIH are still limited, with unfavorable side effects resulting in patients with a low quality of life. This study aims to study the therapeutic role of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on AIH in the rat model.Methods: Twenty-nine white Wistar rats were used for a total of 53 days. Four groups were set up; Group I (5 rats) was used as the negative control (CON). Group II (24 rats) was administered Concanavalin A (Con A) 20 mg/kg ip once a week for five consecutive weeks. Sixteen rats from group II were divided among groups III and IV after stoppage of Con A and injected with 2 x106 BM-MSCs via tail vein. Group III (TTT-12) rats were sacrificed after 12 days and Group IV (TTT-18) after 18 days. Morphological, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical studies were conducted.Results: The administration of BM-MSCs lowered elevated serum levels of AST by 47% after 12 days and 19% after 18 days whereas the level of ALT decreased by 13% and 20.8%in group Con A.  Serum inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) increased in the Con A group were decreased in treated groups by 27% and 23% in TTT-12 and 22.8% and 1.8% in TTT-18. In group TTT-12, the area of Kupffer cells immunostained with CD68 was significantly reduced by 72%, whereas the BM-MSCs immunostained with CD44 were more intense by increasing by 257%. The therapeutic effect of BM-MSCs in group TTT-12 exceeded that in TTT-18 decreasing liver enzymes, inflammation and fibrosis, and restoring liver structure.Conclusions: BM-MSCs achieved a considerable short-term improvement in the AIH model; however, repeated injections were necessary to achieve a sustained therapeutic effect.Keywords: Liver; Autoimmunity; MSCs; Inflammatory cytokines; CD68; CD44; Histopathology
Potential application of the D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) inhibitor sodium benzoate for individuals experiencing psychological stress after traumatic events
Authors: Lin Shih-Hsien , Abdullah Muhammad , Huang Li-Chung , Yang Yen Kuang
Published: February 2025

Preventing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is harmful in terms of human resources and burdens society, is an urgent issue. The glutamatergic system, a newly-identified target site of recent pharmacological interventions for various mental disorders, could be a potential pathway. A recent study confirmed that sodium benzoate, which is a D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) inhibitor that is used as a safe food additive, is therapeutically effective for certain mental disorders. Studies also indicated a medium effect size on the perceived stress and 28%-61% reduction of panic symptoms. Hereby, we propose a novel clinically oriented medical idea: “proper use of sodium benzoate in the preparation of rations for individuals with mental disorders who will be or are currently exposed to stressors could be a feasible method for preventing PTSD and other associated mental disorders”. While this idea remains to be tested, its application could be helpful for rescue workers or victims of disaster.Keywords: Amino Acid Oxidase (DAAO) Inhibitor; Glutamate; Immune Response; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD); Ration; Sodium Benzoate
Understanding the Role of Genetics in Tumour and Cancer Biology
Authors: Asiri Abdulaziz Mohammed , Al Ali Amer , H. Abu-Alghayth Mohammed
Published: February 2025

The interplay between genetics and cancer has been a focal point of research for decades, leading to profound understandings into the molecular mechanisms driving tumorigenesis. In this comprehensive review article, we explore the genetic basis of cancer, encompassing the diverse array of alterations that underline oncogenic transformation. From oncogenes to tumor suppressor genes, and from point mutations to chromosomal rearrangements, we delve into the molecular hallmarks of cancer and their implications for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Drawing on recent advancements in genomic technologies, we discuss the role of next-generation sequencing, single-cell sequencing, and computational modeling in unraveling the complexity of cancer genetics. Furthermore, we examine the clinical implications of genetic predisposition to cancer, highlighting the importance of genetic testing and counselling in cancer risk assessment and management. Through an exploration of tumor heterogeneity, clonal evolution, and therapeutic resistance, we underscore the challenges and opportunities in precision oncology. Finally, we discuss future directions in cancer genetics research, including precision prevention strategies and ethical considerations.Keywords: Cancer Genetics; Oncogenes; Tumor Suppressor Genes; Genetic Alterations; Precision Oncology; Clonal Evolution
Structure-based multitargeted screening of bioactive compounds of Catharanthus roseus against breast cancer
Authors: Asiri Abdulaziz , Ali Amer Al Al , Abu-Alghayth Mohammed H.
Published: February 2025

Background: Breast cancer (BC) remains a major global challenge, with current treatments targeting hormone receptors with partial agonists/antagonists that frequently cause side effects and resistance.Methods: This study investigates bioactive compounds of Catharanthus roseus as potential EGFR and ERα inhibitors. Protein-ligand interactions, which are important in drug design, were assessed using the PyRx 0.8 virtual screening tool. The LOTUS database was used to generate a bioactive compound library (N = 291) of C. roseus constituents. The physiochemical properties of selected hits were investigated to identify lead-like compounds.Result: Among the screened compounds, five compounds namely, LTS0049153, LTS0192836, LTS0084120, LTS0052616, and LTS0199033 exhibited strong binding to ERα and EGFR, and interacted with key amino acid residues of ERα and EGFR proteins. These compounds have favorable physiochemical properties and meet Lipinski's criteria.Conclusion: The compounds LTS0049153, LTS0192836, LTS0084120, LTS0052616, and LTS0199033 can be used as ERα and EGFR inhibitors for BC treatment. However, more experimental validation is needed to optimize these compounds as ERα and EGFR inhibitors.Keywords: Breast cancer; EGFR; Erα; Virtual screening; Drug likeness
Investigating the Antioxidant and Anti-Cancer Properties of Milk Thistle Extract Against the HepG2 Cells
Authors: Khateeb Sahar , Alrashidi Azizh , Albalawi Jawaher , Alrwes Munera , Aloraini Noura , Almudayni Marzouqah
Published: February 2025

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third among all cancer-related causes of death worldwide. The primary cause of HCC development is oxidative stress. Milk thistle (MT) contains numerous phytochemicals that contain antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. The goal of this study was to investigate MT's chemical composition and antioxidant activity, as well as its bioactive compound's in vitro anti-cancer efficacy against HepG2 human liver cancer cells.Methods: We analyzed the bioactive components of MT using GC-MS and HPLC methods. The antioxidant activity was measured by the total phenolic, total flavonoid, DPPH, and radical ABTS scavenging. Furthermore, we evaluated the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity using the human cell line HepG2. The MTT test was used to calculate the IC50 values of MT. Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry in the cell lines.Result: Our findings demonstrated that 11 bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential were identified via GC/MS screening. Eighteen bioactive compounds with anti-cancer and antioxidant capabilities were found through HPLC screening. Furthermore, HPLC analysis demonstrated both high quality and number of amino acids. MT stops the growth of HepG2 cells at an IC50 level of 21.727±0.89 μg/ml. Moreover, MT arrested HepG2 cells in the G1 phase and induced apoptosis.Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that bioactive MT extract has potential therapeutic effects on cancer cells, highlighting the need for further research to explore its mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications in cancer treatment.Keywords: Milk Thistle; Free Radicals; Oxidative Stress; HCC; Anti-oxidants
Bioinformatics-Driven Identification of Genetic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Dengue Virus Infection
Authors: Imran Mohd , Alanazi Mashael N. , Mostafa Howayada Mahany , Alzahrani Abdullah R. , Alamri Amer Ali , Moafa Kholood Mohammed , Albasha Feras Salah , Almohsen Latifa Fahad , Alanazi Nader Sulaiman Ayyat , Mokhtar Mawahib Hassan Dirar , Ali Abuzer , Khan Abida
Published: February 2025

The Dengue fever virus (DENV) poses a significant and escalating worldwide health risk. Nevertheless, dengue fever's exact cause and development have yet to be understood entirely. This study used bioinformatics methods to detect probable biomarkers associated with dengue infection and clarify the underlying mechanisms. The study showed that in the GSE51808 and GSE176079 datasets, the behavior of 555 genes in the dengue-infected samples differed notably from that in the normal samples. In comparison, 812 genes showed distinct patterns in another set of samples. The identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were upregulated was made through the process, and it was found that GSE51808 had 174 upregulated genes while GSE176079 had 71 upregulated genes. In addition, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment studies, as well as protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, were executed to gain a deeper insight into the roles of DEGs. Additionally, this study identified the top ten hub genes, including SLC4A1, EPB42, TMOD1, DMTN, ALAS2, SNCA, OSBP2, TRIM58, HBQ1, and ANK1. This facilitated the understanding of complex mechanisms through the involvement of specific miRNAs such as hsa-mir-34a-5p and HIF1A acting as transcription factors, which improved the understanding of complex host response to dengue virus. For each identified gene SLC4A1 and SNCA, the additional use of protein-drug interaction analysis on hub genes, followed by validation through molecular docking, yielded two approved drugs. The drugs Atenolol and Metoprolol exhibited interaction scores of 0.921563 and 2.680912, respectively, and binding scores of -6.478 and -6.032 kcal/mol, respectively, with SLC4A1. Ketoconazole and Gentian violet exhibited an interaction score of 0.094067 with SNCA. Additionally, they demonstrated a binding score of -6.2 and -6 kcal/mol, respectively. This study demonstrated the efficacy of bioinformatics analysis techniques in identifying putative genes involved in dengue fever and elucidating their underlying mechanisms. In addition, SLC4A1 SNCA were identified in this study as potential biomarkers linked to DENV infection, thereby presenting intriguing therapeutic targets for dengue fever.
Density function theory (DFT), spectroscopic, and molecular docking studies of an antidepressant drug
Authors: Azum Naved , Arshad Muhammad Nadeem , Abdul Rub Malik , Asad Mohammad , Alzahrani Khalid Ahmed , Marwani Hadi M
Published: February 2025

Background: Amitriptyline is specifically recommended for the treatment of anxiety that is associated with depression. Since 1950, authorities have authorized its use for the treatment of severe mood disorders. One of amitriptyline's main antidepressant properties is its ability to block the central nervous system's serotonin and norepinephrine absorption.Methods: In this study, we computed the quantum computation data for amitriptyline (AMT) using density function theory (DFT) and molecular docking techniques. We evaluated the shifts in H-NMR and 13C-NMR using the GIAO approach and compared the obtained results with the experimental spectra. We conducted molecular docking, using two receptors to identify the most optimal interactions between ligands and proteins.Results:  The study showed that the geometrical parameters (bond lengths, angles, and torsion angles) from DFT were very close to the experimental data, with an average discrepancy of 0.01 Å to 0.03 Å. We obtained comparable experimental and theoretical spectroscopic data. We performed molecular docking investigations on the 4IB4 and 8IRV proteins.Conclusion: This study investigates the properties of AMT at the quantum mechanical level. This paper meticulously investigates several significant parameters, comparing calculated spectroscopic results (UV, FTIR, HNMR, and CNMR) to experimental data. This study demonstrates the specified molecule's non-linear optical properties. When docking the molecule with the two proteins, we calculate the binding energy to be -8.9 and -9.6 kcal/mol, indicating that the compound merits further investigation for its medicinal applications.Keywords:  Amitriptyline; Density function theory; Molecular docking; MEP; ELF
Virtual Screening of Compounds for the Identification of Potential Drug Candidates Targeting the RACK1 Receptor in Liver Cancer
Authors: Aloufi Bandar Hamad
Published: February 2025

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally and the sixth most common cancer, particularly in the Asia-Pacific and African regions. Liver cirrhosis, a critical precursor to HCC and liver failure, necessitates effective treatment options. Although surgical intervention is the current standard, there is a pressing need for novel therapeutics with improved efficacy and reduced side effects. This study focuses on RACK1 (Receptor for Activated C-Kinase 1), a pivotal protein in cancer progression, as a therapeutic target for HCC.Methods: Protein structures of overexpressed genes in HCC, including RACK1, were retrieved from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Active binding sites on RACK1 were identified for potential ligand interactions. A library of 12,000 phytochemicals was sourced from PubChem, ZINC, and MP3D databases and screened against RACK1 using the PyRx virtual screening tool. The top candidates were analyzed for pharmacokinetic properties using ADMETsar. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to study ligand-receptor interactions and validate the potential drug candidates.Results: The study identified promising phytochemical compounds (Pubchem11059920, Pubchem118855584, Pubchem3086637, Pubchem442813 and Pubchem88708) capable of binding to RACK1 with high affinity. These compounds exhibited favorable ADMET properties, indicating their potential as drug candidates. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed stable and significant interactions between the identified ligands and RACK1, supporting their inhibitory potential.Conclusion: This research highlights RACK1 as a viable therapeutic target for HCC. The identified drug candidates demonstrate potential to inhibit RACK1 function, offering a pathway to suppress HCC progression at its early stages. These findings provide a foundation for the development of effective and targeted treatments for HCC.Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), RACK1 receptor, Phytochemical screening, Virtual screening, Molecular dynamics simulation
Enhancing the learning of fundamental football techniques: A Study on elementary school students
Authors: Furqan Muhammad , Faradilla Meriza , Rizal Khairul
Published: February 2025

The objective of this study is to enhance the understanding of elementary school students at SDN Lamklat, Aceh Besar, regarding fundamental football techniques, including dribbling, kicking, and passing. A Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach was employed, conducted in two cycles comprising planning, implementation, observation, and reflection phases. The study involved 25 fourth-grade students as participants. Data were collected through skill tests, questionnaires, and observation sheets. The findings revealed a significant improvement in the mastery of basic football techniques. In the first cycle, 65% of students achieved satisfactory mastery with an average class score of 70. By the second cycle, 85% of students reached satisfactory mastery, with an average class score of 85. Practice- and game-based learning effectively boosted students' motivation and skills. Therefore, teaching fundamental football techniques using more interactive and contextual methods positively impacts student abilities. Similar methods are recommended to enhance skills in other sports disciplines.
Enhancing student learning outcomes on cultural diversity through the cooperative learning model ‘Make a Match’
Authors: Putri Nuzulia , Faradilla Meriza , Rizal Khairul
Published: February 2025

This study aims to improve fifth-grade students' learning outcomes on cultural diversity using the cooperative learning model "Make a Match." Conducted as Classroom Action Research (CAR) over two cycles, the study involved observation, reflection, planning, and implementation stages. The research was conducted at an elementary school with 25 fifth-grade students as participants. Data collection tools included learning outcome tests, observation sheets, and documentation. The results showed that the "Make a Match" model significantly enhanced student learning. In the first cycle, the average learning outcome was 72.4, with a classical completeness percentage of 68%. In the second cycle, the average increased to 85.6, with a classical completeness percentage of 92%. Moreover, student engagement in learning activities improved significantly. Thus, the "Make a Match" cooperative learning model effectively enhanced fifth-grade students' learning outcomes on cultural diversity. Teachers are encouraged to adopt this model as an alternative teaching strategy for other subjects.
Integrating discovery learning with ward wall games to enhance elementary students' engagement in energy transformation topics
Authors: Sukawati Yuyun , Rizal Khairul , Faradilla Meriza
Published: February 2025

This study aims to enhance the learning engagement of fourth-grade students at SD Negeri Lamklat, Aceh Besar, on energy transformation by applying the Discovery Learning model integrated with Ward Wall games. The Classroom Action Research (CAR) was conducted over two cycles, each comprising the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research involved 25 fourth-grade students as subjects. Data were collected through observation sheets on learning engagement, learning outcome tests, and field notes. The findings revealed that integrating Discovery Learning with Ward Wall games effectively increased students' engagement. In the first cycle, the average engagement level was 67%, which improved to 84% in the second cycle. Additionally, students’ learning outcomes demonstrated significant improvement. Thus, integrated with Ward Wall games, the Discovery Learning model proved an effective strategy for enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes in energy transformation topics.