bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community structure of periphyton on bamboo substrate in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) pond with semi-biofloc system
Authors: ARFIATI DIANA , ZAKIYAH UMI , ANITASARI SEPTI , INAYAH ZAKIYYAH NUR , PRATIWI RIZKY KUSMA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Arfiati D, Zakiyah U, Anitasari S, Inayah ZN, Pratiwi RK. 2023. Community structure of periphyton on bamboo substrate in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) pond with semi-biofloc system. Biodiversitas 24: 5080-5087. Periphyton is one aquatic organism that attaches to the substrate and can be used as a bioindicator. This study analyzes the community structure and dynamics of periphyton on bamboo substrates in whiteleg shrimp ponds with a semi-biofloc system. The study was conducted from May to July 2022. The bamboo substrate was placed in the ponds, and the samples were taken every seven days to 8 weeks. Identification and calculation of periphyton using Lackey Drop Micro transect Counting Method. The periphyton was found on a bamboo substrate in whiteleg shrimp ponds with a semi-biofloc system consisting of phyto-periphyton and zoo-periphyton. The phyto-periphyton group contains 4 phylum, 21 species, including the Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, and Ocrophyta. The zoo-periphyton group has 4 phylum, 10 species consisting of Arthropoda, Ciliophora, Nematoda, and Rotifera. The abundance of periphyton found changes every week. The relative abundance of phyto-periphyton includes phylum Bacillariophyta (17-69%), Chlorophyta (1-22%), Cyanophyta (30-65%), and Ocrophyta (0-25%), while zoo-periphyton includes phylum Arthropoda (0-3%), Ciliophora (69-99%), Nematodes (0-2%) and Rotifers (0-28%). The total abundance of phyto-periphyton on bamboo substrate ranged from 223,806-989,398 cells/L, while zoo-periphyton ranged from 396-1,924 individual/L. The diversity, uniformity, and dominance index of phyto-periphyton and zoo-periphyton are moderate. Water quality parameters during the study were relatively good for aquatic organism growth, except for very high total organic matter levels in several weeks.
Short Communication: The oleaginous Candida tropicalis isolated from mangrove soil in eastern Thailand and the fatty acid composition profile of its intracellular lipids
Authors: WONGCHAMREARN SUDARAT , BOONTANOM PARIMA , UNGWIWATKUL SUNISA , EMNIN NANNAPHAT , CHANTARASIRI AIYA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Wongchamrearn S, Boontanom P, Ungwiwatkul S, Emnin N, Chantarasiri A. 2023. Short Communication: The oleaginous Candida tropicalis isolated from mangrove soil in eastern Thailand and the fatty acid composition profile of its intracellular lipids. Biodiversitas 24: 5088-5095. Oleaginous yeasts are microorganisms that can accumulate intracellular lipids at a rate of more than 20% of their cell dry weight. They are considered ideal microbes for a sustainable bioeconomy and a promising source for biotechnological applications. Thus, the exploration of efficient oleaginous yeasts from various environments is necessitated. At present, the number of oleaginous yeasts that have been discovered from mangrove environments remains scarce. Therefore, this study isolated and screened for lipid-accumulating yeast strains in mangrove soil samples collected from Rayong Province and Chonburi Province, Thailand. The intracellular lipids of isolated yeasts were extracted and quantitatively analyzed to evaluate the efficient oleaginous strains. Fifteen yeast strains were considered lipid-accumulating yeasts based on the Sudan IV staining method and lipid content determination, with intracellular lipid accumulation ranging from 5.71±1.89% (w/w) to 33.83±1.41% (w/w). The isolated yeast strain MJ13 was designated the most efficient oleaginous strain and subsequently genetically identified as Candida tropicalis. The fatty acid composition of its intracellular lipids was analyzed by gas chromatography, which consisted of five saturated fatty acids and five unsaturated fatty acids with 10-22 carbon atoms. The predominant fatty acids were palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) acids. Some fatty acids essential to the human body and pharmacological sciences were detected, involving a-linolenic (C18:3n3) and cis-13,16-docosadienoic (C22:2) acids. This oleaginous yeast strain could be applied in lipid-related biofuel and high-value bioeconomy applications.
Ritual use of rosa de borracho (Clinopodium macrostemum (Moc. & Sessé ex Benth.) Kuntze, Lamiaceae) in Oaxaca
Authors: CALVO-DÍAZ DALAY YETLANEZI , AGUILAR-HERNÁNDEZ LISBETH , JIMÉNEZ-NORIEGA MAYTE STEFANY , TORRES-MONTÚFAR ALEJANDRO
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Calvo-Díaz DY, Aguilar-Hernández L, Jiménez-Noriega MS, Torres-Montúfar A. 2023. Ritual use of rosa de borracho (Clinopodium macrostemum (Moc. & Sessé ex Benth.) Kuntze, Lamiaceae) in Oaxaca. Biodiversitas 24: 5105-5112. Plants play a vital role in the rich tapestry of Mexican culture, serving as medicine, food, clothing, rituals, and construction. Oaxaca is known for its abundance of bio- and cultural diversity, and as such, is home to numerous versatile and beneficial plant species alongside many traditional cultural festivals, including the famous Guelaguetza at the end of every July. Many plants have deep cultural and spiritual significance, and their traditional uses in ceremonies, rituals, and medicine have been passed down through generations. Here, we have studied the ceremonial use of rosa de borracho, or poleo (Clinopodium macrostemum (Moc. & Sessé ex Benth.) Kuntze), in two communities of Oaxaca: Ocotlán de Morelos and Villa Sola de Vega. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 community members to acquire valuable and relevant information about this plant and its importance in these communities. In Villa Sola de Vega, where residents are known as soltecos, the rosa de borracho is an essential element of Soltecan wedding ceremonies, which includes dancing Chilenas (traditional folk music) such as the Jarabe de la Rosa (a dance called syrup of the rose). In this particular dance, the Rosa de Borracho is the show's star, and important guests such as the godparents and cooks are gifted handwoven crowns to wear and bundles of the plant to carry. In Ocotlán, the rosa de borracho is used to adorn baskets and other artifacts for a ceremony called La Llevada del Guajolote, and is also gifted to everyone during the festivities. The same plant is also used on a procession before Christmas and New Year's Eve, wherein pilgrims known as roseros journey to the mountain searching for the plant for use in the day’s celebration. In this study, we have documented and described the ritual use of this plant and its cultural significance to these communities. In conclusion, rosa de borracho carries various symbolic meanings and is often included in sacred offerings to deities or spirits or in ceremonies to adorn altars, decorate ritual spaces, and create intricate floral arrangements, all of which lend it cultural significance in Oaxaca stemming from these ritual practices.
Unraveling metabolite profile variations among resistance and susceptible shallot genotypes related to anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)
Authors: AMRULLAH RIZKI ABI , MAHARIJAYA AWANG , PURWITO AGUS , WIYONO SURYO
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Amrullah RA, Maharijaya A, Purwito A, Wiyono S. 2023. Unraveling metabolite profile variations among resistance and susceptible shallot genotypes related to anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides). Biodiversitas 24: 5113-5122.This study used a metabolomics approach to reveal the shallot metabolite profile under anthracnose disease conditions through GC-MS analysis. The aim of this study was to obtain candidate metabolite markers that differentiate shallot genotypes resistant to anthracnose. The results of non-targeted metabolite analysis with GC-MS revealed a shallot metabolite profiles of 54 compounds. The principal component analysis (PCA) model was conducted for reliable and accurate discrimination between uninoculated and inoculated genotypes. Four metabolites were revealed as putative biomarkers of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. infection, namely linoleic ethyl ester, squalene, octadecanoic acid, and nonacosane. At least some putative biomarkers were applicable for early resistance genotype detection in shallot. These metabolites may help characterize pathogen infection and plant defense responses. This study confirmed metabolomics as a tool to develop a strategy to clarify the mechanism of plant-pathogen interaction. Furthermore, the data presented may be helpful to developing a new method for detecting shallot, that may be resistant to anthracnose caused by C. gloeosporioides.
Forests over limestone in Guiuan, Eastern Samar, the Philippines: Species composition and influencing environmental factors
Authors: BUOT JR. INOCENCIO E. , VILLANUEVA ELAINE LOREEN C. , ORIGENES MARNE G. , OBEÑA REN DIVIEN R.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Buot Jr IE, Villanueva ELC, Origenes MG, Obeña RDR. 2023.  Forests over limestone in Guiuan, Eastern Samar, the Philippines: Species composition and influencing environmental factors. Biodiversitas 24: 5123-5136. Forests over limestone are critical ecosystems providing numerous ecosystem services. However, the ecology of these ecosystems is less studied like the Guiuan Marine Resource Protected Landscape and Seascape (GMRPLS) in Eastern Samar, Philippines which incidentally is affected by strong typhoons. Studies on forests over limestone are even more essential to understand the vegetation ecology providing insights in crafting appropriate management strategy to sustain ecosystem services. Hence, the study aims to identify the woody vegetation diversity and composition of forests over limestone in GMRPLS, and to analyze the environmental factors influencing the physiognomy and ecology of the forests. Standard vegetation techniques were used and a total of nine plots with size of  20 × 20m each were established to assess the tree species (?1m height). Plant abundance data were recorded and computed. Soil samples were collected while climate data were obtained from the Guiuan, Eastern Samar Weather Station. Cluster analysis using relative density of trees per plot was done in order to identify major plant communities. Subsequently, a canonical correspondence analysis was carried out to pinpoint which environmental variables influenced the plant data set. Results show a total of 37 species belonging to 17 families, with 18 species are listed under by IUCN and seven species are listed by DAO 2017-11. Cluster analysis indicated 3 vegetation groupings or clusters named after the dominant species per plot, namely Cluster I (Hancea-Calophyllum-Macaranga-Ficus-Gnetum), Cluster II (Monoon-Wallaceodendron-Artocarpus-Hancea-Bago-eho), and Cluster III (Bridelia-Monoon-Neonauclea-Gnetum-Artocarpus-Sterculia-Hancea). GUI 02 plot (Cluster 1) was observed as the most diverse with the highest Simpson’s index and Fisher’s alpha, as well as the highest in total number of tree species. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated elevation, temperature and anthropogenic disturbances as the major factors influencing the vegetation diversity and composition. This can be used to formulate forest management strategies for the sustainable conservation of forests over limestone in GMRPLS.
Diversity and habitat characteristics of gastropods and bivalves associated with mangroves on the east coast of Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: MAWARDI ABDUL L. , KHALIL MUHAMMAD , SARJANI TRI MUSTIKA , ARMANDA FAHMY
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Mawardi AL, Khalil M, Sarjani TM, Armanda F. 2023. Diversity and habitat characteristics of gastropods and bivalves associated with mangroves on the east coast of Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5146-5154. Mangrove areas are vital for various gastropod and bivalve species as breeding, nursery, and stable nutrient supply grounds. This study aims to understand the habitat characteristics and diversity index of gastropods and bivalves and identify the associated species with mangrove vegetation along the east coast of Aceh Province, Indonesia. This research utilized a survey method with gastropod and bivalve sampling conducted using purposive sampling. Sampling was carried out at 6 research locations with varying environmental conditions. Gastropods and bivalves were collected from each research location using 1 m x 1 m plots. All collected gastropod and bivalve samples were preserved in a 4% formalin solution and later identified at the Biology Laboratory of Samudra University. A total of 5,293 individuals of gastropods and bivalves were found in the research locations, comprising 48 species and 21 families. The diversity index of gastropods and bivalves across all research locations showed a moderate criterion, indicating slight pollution on the east coast of Aceh Province. The highest diversity was observed at location 5, far from settlements and active fishing vessel activities. On the other hand, the lowest diversity was found at location 2, an area with active fishing vessel transportation to and from the fish auction site (TPI).
Genetic variation and phylogenetic position of Taxus sumatrana (Miq.) de Laub. (Taxaceae) in Sumatra, Indonesia based on trnL-trnF region
Authors: KAMAL IRSYAD , ARROFAHA NAWWALL , SUSILA SUSILA , YULITA KUSUMADEWI SRI , RACHMAT HENTI HENDALASTUTI , SUSILOWATI ARIDA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Kamal I, Arrofaha N, Susila, Yulita KS, Rachmat HH, Susilowati A. 2023. Genetic variation and phylogenetic position of Taxus sumatrana (Miq.) de Laub. (Taxaceae) in Sumatra, Indonesia based on trnL-trnF region. Biodiversitas 24: 5155-5166. Taxus sumatrana (Miq.) de Laub. is a synonym of T. wallichiana Zucc. by some authors based on morphological characters and its distribution. This species is a medicinal plant and contains taxol as an anti-cancer with slow natural regeneration rate and increasing threats to their existence. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity and the phylogenetic analysis using trnL-trnF for T. sumatrana growing in Sumatra, Indonesia. The total of 37 individuals from three natural populations of T. sumatrana were studied, consisting of the current new collection from Toba - North Sumatra and previously studied population of Dempo - South Sumatra and Sungai Penuh, Kerinci Seblat National Park - Jambi. The Toba population did not show variation at individual level within the population as similar results were obtained from the previous study. However, one indel (- and A) was found at 217 bp from all three T. sumatrana populations from Sumatra, Indonesia. When the sequences were aligned with the reference sequence from GenBank, single base substitutions were found at 344, 478,722, and 757 bp consisting of one indel and three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Phylogeny tree showed that T. sumatrana from Sumatra population clustered together with T. mairei and T. wallichiana var. mairei and later combined with other T. sumatrana available in NCBI.
Characterization of type I L-asparaginase encoding gene from the thermohalophilic bacterium Bacillus subtilis CAT3.4 from Wawolesea Hot Spring, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: MUZUNI MUZUNI , ILHAM MUHAMAD , ARDIANSYAH ARDIANSYAH , SURIANA SURIANA , PUTRI YUTRIANA , KARTINA KARTINA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Muzuni, Ilham M, Ardiansyah, Suriana, Putri Y, Kartina. 2023. Characterization of type I L-asparaginase encoding gene from the thermohalophilic bacterium Bacillus subtilis CAT3.4 from Wawolesea Hot Spring, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5167-5178. This study aims to determine the molecular characteristics of the gene encoding type 1 L-asparaginase from CAT3.4 thermohalophilic bacterial isolates from the hot springs of Wawolesea, North Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi. This enzyme can be used as a cancer therapy agent and prevents the formation of acrylamide in food products. It is a kind of exploratory research. The characterization was done by amplifying the ansA gene sequence encoding L-asparaginase from CAT3.4 isolate by polymerase chain reactions (PCR) technique using primers AsnBac1-F1 (5'-ACGCGATATTTCTTTTGGCCGG-3') and AsnBac1-R1 (5'-CAGTGAAGAGGTGCATGGTATG-3'). The amplified PCR product was used as a template for sequencing by the Sanger method. The amino acid coding regions (CDS) obtained were bioinformatically characterized using the NCBI website for BLASTn analysis, restriction site and hydrophobicity profiles were analyzed using the BioEdit program, phylogenetic tree was analyzed using the MEGA X program, and type 1 L-asparaginase amino acid sequence was analyzed using the Expasy translate program. The characterization results showed that the target gene has a high similarity to the ansA gene sequence of 20 Bacillus subtilis strains, i.e., 99-100%, is closely related to the ansA gene of Bacillus subtilis strain SRCM103629 and Bacillus subtilis strain GOT9, can be identified using restriction enzymes MluI and BstI to differentiate the species of organisms they produce, has CDS encoding 329 amino acids with a dominant composition of polar amino acids (54.1%) and has a hydrophobicity profile of amino acids dominated by hydrophilic regions. All these characteristics have confirmed that the characterized gene is the ansA gene encoding type 1 L-asparaginase from Bacillus subtilis. The finding of the ansA gene from Bacillus subtilis in a thermohalophilic region in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia is a novelty of the research.
A comparative assessment of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum isolated from chicken and humans as candidates for probiotics
Authors: SUNARDI JESSICA , PURNAMA EMILY TANIA , SUGATA MARCELIA , VICTOR HANS , JAN TAN TJIE , JO JUANDY
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Sunardi J, Purnama ET, Sugata M, Victor H, Jan TT, Jo J. 2023. A comparative assessment of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum isolated from chicken and humans as candidates for probiotics. Biodiversitas 24: 5198-5206. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is commonly analyzed as a potential probiotic. We hereby investigated two strains isolated from chicken crop (Lpb. plantarum F75) and human breast milk (Lpb. plantarum SU-KC1a). Ability to withstand osmotic stress (1.5%, 2.5% or 3.5% of NaCl) and phenol compounds (0.2% or 0.5%), ability to survive gastric juices for a maximum of 120 minutes and bile salt for a maximum 3 hours, as well as susceptibility to 25 antibiotic discs, were compared between both strains. Whole genomes of both strains were sequenced and analyzed in silico to determine the availability of antibiotic-resistance genes as well as the presence of mobile genetic elements and plasmid. Both strains were sensitive to increased concentrations of NaCl and phenol as well as to prolonged exposure to gastric juices. In contrast, both strains could withstand a prolonged exposure of 0.3% of bile salt. Both isolates had similar genome sizes and were susceptible to many tested antibiotics. The detected resistance genes were observed within the chromosomal genomes but no mobile genetic element nor plasmid was found. In conclusion, both strains of Lpb. plantarum displayed several characteristics of beneficial bacteria and could be used as probiotic candidates for poultry and human beings, respectively.
Diversity of phyllospheric Actinomycetes in Liliaceae plants and their potential as growth inhibitors of Alternaria porri
Authors: WATI CHEPPY , NAWANGSIH ABDJAD ASIH , WAHYUDI ARIS TRI , WIYONO SURYO , MUNIF ABDUL
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Wati C, Nawangsih AA, Wahyudi AT, Wiyono S, Munif A. 2023. Diversity of phyllospheric Actinomycetes in Liliaceae plants and their potential as growth inhibitors of Alternaria porri. Biodiversitas 24: 5234-5242. Actinomycetes are microorganisms belonging to a group of Gram-positive bacteria, that have the potential to act as biological control agents against various plant pathogens. Phyllospheric Actinomycetes particularly, can inhibit growth of various microorganisms, such as the fungus Alternaria porri Ell. Cif., which causes purple blotch disease in the shallot plants. These microbes thrive on the surface of leaves, particularly in plants belonging to Liliaceae family. Environmental conditions have been proven to greatly affect their diversity. Present investigation aims to determine diversity of phyllospheric Actinomycetes from Liliaceae plants and their potential to inhibit growth of A. porri. The methods used were to investigate, characterize, and quantify isolates from Liliaceae plants. An antagonistic test was conducted on the isolates to examine the proportion of A. porri fungus growth inhibition. The results showed that plants species Allium fistulosum and A. tuberosum were the most common hosts for phyllospheric actinomycetes. Morphological differences were found in shape, color, elevation, edges, surface, and hyphae size, as well as the type of spore violation. The surface texture of colonies was smooth, rough, powdery, and opaque, usually appearing after 7-12 days of isolation. The isolates also inhibited growth of A. porri, causing the mycelium thins, and a clear zone of inhibition between pathogens and Actinomycetes forms. Isolates BCW9 caused the highest suppression of fungus growth 57.78%. This study is the first experiment to evaluate the diversity of phyllosphere Actinomycetes from Liliaceae plants, which are able to control purple blotch disease caused by A. porri in Indonesia. The phyllospheric Actinomycetes were isolated from the same habitat of A. porri. These investigation show the prospect of phyllospheric Actinomycetes as biocontrol agents against another fungal diseases on leaves of another plants.
Utilization of pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunches and their hydrolysate for ethanol production by Indonesian ethanologenic yeast
Authors: ANITA SITA HERIS , OKTAVIANI MAULIDA , HERMIATI EUIS
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Anita SH, Oktaviani M, Hermiati E. 2023. Utilization of pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunches and their hydrolysate for ethanol production by Indonesian ethanologenic yeast. Biodiversitas 24: 5243-5252. Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) represent a polysaccharide-rich raw material with promising potential for ethanol production. This study aimed to investigate the ethanologenic yeasts, specifically Saccharomyces cerevisiae InaCC Y93 and Kluyveromyces marxianus InaCC Y119, affect bioethanol production in three different systems: Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF), Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF), and Prehydrolysis-Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (PSSF). This work is distinguished by the use of indigenous Indonesian yeast strains, including a thermotolerant strain. In the pretreatment process, 1.13% oxalic acid was added to OPEFB and subjected to microwave treatment at 190°C for 3.01 min. Subsequently, cellulase enzymes (40 FPU/g) and a 10% (w/v) yeast inoculum were introduced into 5.27 g dry weight of pretreated OPEFB pulp. The OPEFB acid hydrolysate was also subjected to fermentation. Ethanol content was monitored at 24 h intervals for 72 h. The PSSF system employs K. marxianus InaCC Y119 at 48 h exhibited the highest ethanol concentration, yielding 0.290 g/g, equivalent to approximately 51.20% of the theoretical yield. Additionally, K. marxianus InaCC Y119 demonstrated its capability to ferment the OPEFB acid hydrolysate into ethanol. These findings underscore the considerable potential of K. marxianus for applications in fermenting both hexose and pentose sugars to produce ethanol within higher-temperature systems.
Length-weight relationship and condition factor of bullet tuna (Auxis rochei Risso, 1810) in the waters of Mamuju District, West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: NUR MUHAMMAD , TENRIWARE TENRIWARE , NASYRAH ADIARA FIRDHITA ALAM
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Nur M, Tenriware, Nasyrah AFA. 2023. Length-weight relationship and condition factor of bullet tuna (Auxis rochei Risso, 1810) in the waters of Mamuju District, West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5253-5259. Bullet tuna (Auxis rochei Risso, 1810) is a fish species with a wide distribution and high socioeconomic value. Furthermore, it serves as a primary catch for fishermen, offering a crucial protein source to the community and generating employment opportunities in various sectors, including fresh fish sales, fish freezing, drying, and smoking industries. To maintain the sustainability of bullet tuna, it is necessary to know basic information regarding the study of length-weight relationship and condition factors because it is related to the fish growth and condition of fish in their habitats. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the growth pattern of bullet tuna, fundamental data for sustainable management efforts. The investigation was conducted from May to August 2023, and the sample fish were collected at the Fish Landing Port (PPI) Kasiwa, Mamuju District, West Sulawesi Province. Analysis was conducted in the Fisheries Department Laboratory, Sulawesi Barat University. The study procedures involved determining the total length and weight of the fish using a measuring instrument and digital scale, respectively, with accuracies of 0.1 mm and 0.01 g. Based on the data collected, 302 samples were obtained, consisting of 187 males and 115 females. The results showed that the relationship between the length and weight of bullet tuna yielded the equations of W = 0.027L3.4783 for male fish, W = 0.0052L3.2732 for female fish, and W = 0.0033L3.4141 when combined. A t-test was conducted on the coefficient b, showing a calculated t-value greater than the tabulated values. It indicated that bullet tuna belongs to the negative allometric growth type (minor) (b<3), where body weight increased faster than body length. Condition factors for male and female fish ranged from 0.3186 to 1.6961 and 0.6990 to 1.5011, respectively, with averages of 0.9957 and 0.7997. It indicates that the bullet tuna fish are in good condition in Mamuju District water.
New endophytic fungal species of Chaetomiaceae (Ascomycota) in Iraq
Authors: AL-RIFAIE ALAA A. , AMEEN MOHANAD K. M.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Al-Rifaie AA, Ameen MKM. 2023. New endophytic fungal species of Chaetomiaceae (Ascomycota) in Iraq. Biodiversitas 24: 5270-5277. The present study was conducted to isolate and identify some endophytic fungi from vegetable crops in Iraq. Samples of eight vegetable plants, namely Abelmoschus esculentus, Mentha piperita, Vicia faba, Petroselinum sativum, Ocimum basilicum, Lawsonia inermis, Beta vulgaris and Apium graveolens were collected from three regions in Basrah (Abu Al-Khaseeb, Karmat Ali and the Centre of Basrah). Isolation was done by solid culture method and moist culture method. The recovered endophytic fungi were purified and axenic cultures of each isolated species were then identified on the basis of their macro and micro-morphological features. Morphological identification was further confirmed by molecular analysis through DNA extraction and sequencing by PCR amplification of the ITS4 and ITS5 gene primers. Phylogenetic examination revealed that five novel endophytic fungal species related to the family Chaetomiaceae were isolated from vegetable plants, including Chaetomium cucumericola, C. madrasense, Amesia atrobrunnea, A. cymbiformis and Botryotichum verrucosum. Three species, including C. cucumericola, A. cymbiformis and B. verrucosum, were documented for the first time in the Iraqi mycobiota. To the best of our acknowledgment, this study is the first to investigating endophytic fungi from vegetables in Iraq.
Short Communication: Daily activities of Javan langurs (Trachypithecus auratus) in Gembira Loka Zoo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: FITRIYANI NATALIA , PURBA LAURENTIA HENRIETA PERMITA SARI
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Fitriyani N, Purba LHPS. 2023. Short Communication: Daily activities of Javan langurs (Trachypithecus auratus) in Gembira Loka Zoo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5278-5282. The Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus) is one of the endemic primates of Java, Bali, and Lombok. The status of this species is vulnerable in their wild population; thus, the conservation effort is important to keep their existence. One of the conservation efforts is ex-situ conservation. Since this conservation is out of the animal's natural habitat, we must care about all aspects of animal welfare, including the physical and mental state, which can be observed from its behavior. This study aimed to analyze the daily activities of Javan langur living in an ex-situ conservation area named Gembira Loka Zoo. We observed and recorded the daily activity of seven individuals of Javan langur for about 250 hours, including holiday and non-holiday periods. This observation during holiday and non-holiday periods is intended to see whether there are differences in the behavior of Javan langur. The differences in number of visitors during the holiday period can reach thousands, whereas during the non-holiday period, there are only tens up to hundreds of loyal visitors per day. The result showed that the individuals spent most of their time on resting behavior (62.28% on holiday and 61.83% on non-holiday), followed by feeding (15.82% on holiday and 20.70% on non-holiday) and moving (12.01% on holiday and 12.64% on non-holiday). We analyzed the difference in their daily activities between holiday and non-holiday periods to observe the frequency of activity among those types of days. The Javan langurs showed a significant difference between those days only in social behavior (Mann-Whitney, p = 0.03). This study provides new behavioral data about the population of captive Javan langurs in Gembira Loka Zoo, which can be used as basic data for the conservation management of Javan langurs in captivity.
Metagenomic analysis of the microbial community in kefir grains from different milk sources
Authors: SUMARMONO JUNI , KUSUMA RIO JATI , RAHAYU NOVIA , SUKARNO ARI SURYA , WULANSARI PUTRI DIAN
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Sumarmono J, Kusuma RJ, Rahayu N, Sukarno AS, Wulansari PD. 2023. Metagenomic analysis of the microbial community in kefir grains from different milk sources. Biodiversitas 24: 5302-5308. Kefir is a type of traditional fermented milk made from kefir grains. The quality of kefir grain depends on the milk medium, which impacts microbial diversity and population. This study uses metagenomic analysis to assess the microbial populations of kefir grains prepared from cow's milk and goat milk using the 16s rRNA method. The results revealed that >99% Relative Abundance (RA) of the sample's total bacteria belonged to the phylum Firmicutes and the phylum Bacteroidota, respectively. However, most of the phylum Firmicutes was found in the sample of goat milk kefir. Further investigation revealed that goat milk samples had Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus genera, while the cow milk samples contained >99% RA of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Muribaculaceae. Regarding yeast, the family Saccharomycetaceae predominated in cow's milk, while goat milk had 2% of the family Saccharomycetaceae and 97% of unassigned microorganisms. The functional analysis revealed that kefir grains from the two sources had a variety of amino acid metabolisms, secondary metabolite metabolisms, and vitamin production. This metagenomic analysis shows that the type of milk affects the diversity of the population of both bacteria and yeast. This study opens up opportunities to further investigate the potential of kefir as a functional food beverage, a source of probiotics, and an antibacterial agent property.
Resistance selection of local sorghum varieties in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia against Rhizoctonia solani
Authors: FENI EWINDA ISENSI , KASMIYATI SRI , MEITINIARTI V. IRENE
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Feni EI, Kasmiyati S, Meitiniarti VI. 2023. Resistance selection of local sorghum varieties in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia against Rhizoctonia solani. Biodiversitas 24: 5309-5318. Sorghum is a multifunctional crop that can be used as an alternative food for the people of East Nusa Tenggara. However, one of the challenges in cultivating sorghum in this region is the presence of the Rhizoctonia solani pathogen. This fungus causes a devastating root rot disease in sorghum crops, resulting in loss of crop yields and potentially disrupting food security in the region. Using resistant varieties is one of the most effective ways to prevent the growth of R. solani biologically. Therefore, it is important to study the resistance of local sorghum varieties. The purpose of this study was to determine different sorghum varieties' resistance responses to the R. solani fungus that causes root rot disease. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 levels of treatment: the treatment of sorghum varieties and the treatment of fungi inoculums, which were inoculated separately and simultaneously. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. Observations and data collection were carried out on the 7th day, and some of the parameters observed included germination percentage, radicle length, coleoptile length, sprout length, GTI value, and disease incidence value. The sorghum variety with the highest resistance value was found in the red variety. This red variety had a disease incidence value of 63.3%, much lower than the other four test varieties. These results provide important insights for developing a more root rot disease-resistant local sorghum plant variety.
Reproductive performance of Belgian Blue and Wagyu cross cows
Authors: TAMPUBOLON YUSNI KHAIRANI , AGUS ALI , HARTATIK TETY , BINTARA SIGIT , ISMAYA ISMAYA , WIDYOBROTO BUDI PRASETYO , BUDISATRIA I GEDE SUPARTA , LEROY PASCAL , ANTOINE-MOUSSIAUX NICOLAS , PANJONO PANJONO
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Tampubolon YK, Agus A, Hartatik T, Bintara S, Ismaya, Widyobroto BP, Budisatria IGS, Leroy P, Antoine-Moussiaux N, Panjono. 2023. Reproductive performance of Belgian Blue and Wagyu cross cows. Biodiversitas 24: 5352-5358. Double-Muscle (DM) cattle have been used in cattle breeding programs to increase body weight. This research aims to determine the reproductive performance of using DM cattle. Currently, cattle are produced from a cross between two breeds, namely Belgian Blue (BB) cross (50% BB, 50% BX) and Wagyu cross (50% Wagyu, 50% BX). Natural mating was carried out on nine BB cross cows mated with Wagyu cross bulls and nine Wagyu cross cows bred with BB cross cows. After calving, the cows were raised together with their calves for six months prior to weaning. The collected data were analyzed using One-Way analysis of variance. Calving Interval (CI), Cow Reproductivity Index (CRI), calf weaning weight, and Cow Productivity Index (CPI) of BB and Wagyu cross cows were 426.00±24.92 and 411.55±37.52 days, 0.86±0.05 and 0.89±0.08 head/year, 175.53±24.50 and 121.19±19.80 kg, and 148.46±24.61 and 102.41±20.84 kg/year, respectively. There was no significant difference in the CI and CRI between crosses. However, the weaning weight of BB cross calves was higher (p<0.05) than that of Wagyu cross calves, whereas the CPI of BB cross cows was higher (p<0.01) than that of Wagyu cross cows. It was concluded that the best reproductive performance was the BB cross, which had DM blood.
The diversity, lexicon and cultural practices of family medicinal plants by Tetun Tribe in Malaka, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: HESTIYANA HESTIYANA , TAEK MAXIMUS M. , RIANI RIANI , JAHDIAH JAHDIAH , YAYUK RISSARI
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Hestiyana, Taek MM, Riani, Jahdiah, Yayuk R. 2023. The diversity, lexicon and cultural practices of family medicinal plants by Tetun Tribe in Malaka, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5359-5367. Medicinal plants are part of traditional culture used by humans to cure illness and improve health. The knowledge, perception and tradition of medicinal plants are unique to certain ethnic groups and therefore imbedded in the local language and passed down for generations. This study aims to describe the diversity and lexicon of family medicinal plants (TOGA) and its cultural practices by Tetun ethnic in Malaka District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. This study used a qualitative descriptive method with an ethnolinguistic approach and combined primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected by documenting a list of lexicons of medicinal plants in TOGA by the Tetun ethnic obtained from traditional healers, old people and community leaders through a series of interviews in the field. Secondary data was obtained from published sources related to this theme of research. The results of the study show that there are 32 lexicons of medicinal plants used by Tetun Tribe. These lexicons can be classified as basic words or monomorphemics (20 plants) and phrases (12 plants). Medicinal plant parts used include roots, rhizomes, tubers, stems, bark, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. Methods of preparation of medicinal plants are by boiling, grinding, then rubbing on the affected body part, chewing and brewing with hot water. The Tetun’s knowledge of health benefits of medicinal plants is in line with scientific evidences.
Spatial, seasonal variation and impacts of anthropogenic factors on insect assemblages (Arthropoda: Insecta) in Northwest Morocco
Authors: EL HARCHE HANAE , EL HASSOUNI SARA , FADLI MOHAMED
Published: January 2024

Abstract., El Harche H, El Hassouni S, Fadli M. 2023. Spatial, seasonal variation and impacts of anthropogenic factors on insect assemblages (Arthropoda: Insecta) in Northwest Morocco. Biodiversitas 24: 5368-5375. Agriculture has been identified as one of the main causes of biodiversity loss due to the vast area dedicated to this activity. In Morocco, agroecosystems are becoming increasingly developed, which makes it necessary to study their impact on the local entomofauna. We studied the influence of seasonality and anthropogenic activities, including habitat type, on insect diversity in northwestern Morocco. The insects were collected between March 2019 and February 2020, covering all seasons, using three sampling techniques (sweep nets, pitfall traps, and sight hunting). Our study revealed the presence of 83 species, which were classified into 7 orders belonging to 32 families. Our findings demonstrate that insects diversity changes with the seasons, being higher in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. In addition, insect richness varies according to habitat type, with heterogeneous fields showing greater diversity than homogeneous ones. Research also indicates that anthropogenic pressures have had a detrimental impact on insect diversity, particularly in agricultural activities such as grazing, tillage, and the widespread use of pesticides. The results of this study are essential for the effective conservation and management of insect species worldwide. Accordingly, we make several recommendations to help preserve insect diversity and improve their survival, including reducing the massive use of pesticides and contributing to the global effort to reduce the impacts of climate change, which will not be possible without the cooperation of landowners, farmers, managers, and researchers. Therefore, we can enhance effective conservation and ensure insect species' long-term survival by fostering collaboration and knowledge-sharing among these groups.
Characteristics contribution and similarity of F5 soybean lines resistant to cowpea mild mottle virus derived from different crossing
Authors: ZUBAIDAH SITI , KUSWANTORO HERU , UGE EMERENSIANA , ROZANA KENNIS , PURWANTORO PURWANTORO
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Zubaidah S, Kuswantoro H, Uge E, Rozana K, Purwantoro. 2023. Characteristics contribution and similarity of F5 soybean lines resistant to cowpea mild mottle virus derived from different crossing. Biodiversitas 24: 5399-5408. Virus is one of the pathogens that can infect soybeans. One of the crucial viruses is Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus (CpMMV), which attacks many soybean plants in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to explore the character's contribution and similarity to identify F5 CpMMV-resistant soybean lines. The plant materials were F5 CpMMV-resistant soybean lines from 26 different crosses. CpMMV inoculation was performed naturally by placing the experiment at the site previously infected with Bemisia tabaci as the CpMMV virus vector. Observations were made on agronomic characters and disease scores. The results showed that there was a variation in the observed agronomic characters, but disease scores were generally at a score of 2. Seed yield, number of filled pods, and number of seeds showed strong character contributions. Disease scores generally had the opposite direction to seed size. There was a significant correlation between agronomic characters, but disease scores had no correlation with agronomic characters. M and N crosses showed the highest seed yields. The disease score for these two crosses was 2. These two crosses also formed a separate group. There were four groups of crosses with different numbers of members. The groups formed were more influenced by the variability of the number of seeds, filled pods, and plant height. Based on seed yield and disease score, M and N crosses should be further developed to obtain high-yielding CpMMV-resistant soybean varieties.
Revealing genetic diversity of wild Phalaenopsis orchids in Thailand through Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers
Authors: KATE-NGAM SUREEPORN , JANTASURIYARAT CHATCHAWAN , LAKOTE PATCHAREE , PROMCHOT THIN , CHUEAKAEW CHANTAMART
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Kate-ngam S, Jantasuriyarat C, Lakote P, Promchot T, Chueakaew C. 2023. Revealing genetic diversity of wild Phalaenopsis orchids in Thailand through Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers. Biodiversitas 24: 5409-5417. Wild Phalaenopsis orchids are widely distributed in Thailand, especially along the banks of the Mekong River. The tremendous decrease in the population of these orchids is a matter of concern for maintaining and preventing genetic loss in the natural ecosystem. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of 50 wild Phalaenopsis accessions collected from the northeastern of Thailand using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The 204 polymorphic bands generated from 27 RAPD primers were employed for fingerprinting these orchid accessions. Dice’s similarity coefficients ranged from 0.43 to 0.98, with an average of 0.65. In general, a dendrogram constructed based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) grouped these wild Phalaenopsis accessions into two clusters, namely P. pulcherrima and P. ubonensis clusters. The UPGMA clustering pattern and principal component analysis (PCA) corresponded well with their morphological classification and ploidy level. Our results suggest that this wild Phalaenopsis orchid exhibits a moderate level of relatedness. This might be a consequence of habitat destruction and human over-exploitation which limit gene flow and cause genetic drift among populations. The present finding supports the urgent need for a systematic conservation effort of this orchid species in Thailand.
Floristic diversity and composition of heath forest in Kuala Tambangan Village, Tanah Laut District, Indonesia
Authors: SOENDJOTO MOCHAMAD ARIEF , RIEFANI MAULANA KHALID , DIANA SHERLI
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Soendjoto MA, Riefani MK, Diana S. 2023. Floristic diversity and composition of heath forest in Kuala Tambangan Village, Tanah Laut District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5418-5427. Heath forest (kerangas) is a unique ecosystem characterized with sandy soil with poor nutrients. This harsh condition makes heath forest has unique vegetation diversity as well as vulnerable to disturbances. In South Kalimantan, there is a heath forest located in Kuala Tambangan, Tanah Laut District which has never been explored. The research aims to analyze the diversity and composition of vegetation community in heath forest in Kuala Tambangan and identify factors that have the potential to damage the forest. Data was collected using the transect method placed at three sites in the heath forest. Along each transect, 10 observation plots with size 20 m × 20 m were established to record woody plants at the tree level. Within this plot, nested plots with size of 10 m × 10 m was created to record plants at pole level, 5 m × 5 m for saplings and herbaceous plants and 2 m × 2 m for seedlings, ferns and grasses. In total, there were 85 plant species across all observation plots with 79 species were found in the heath soils. Some typical heath forest species were found such as Melaleuca sp., Baeckea frutescens L. and Cratoxylum formosum (Jack) Benth. & Hook.fil. ex Dyer. Important Value Index (IVI) as well as Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') varied, both by plant group and by study site. For example, the highest IVI of the tree group belonged to Acacia crassicarpa A.Cunn. ex Benth. and Acacia mangium Willd., and for pole level was Melaleuca sp. The lowest diversity occurred at Site B, while the highest was at Site C. The results on vegetation diversity, structure and composition suggest that this forest is in degraded condition. Fires and land conversion are factors that threaten the existence of heath forest in Kuala Tambangan. Our findings recommend the needs of efforts to protect and restore this unique ecosystem.
Ethnopharmacology of medicinal plants used by the Tenggerese community in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Indonesia
Authors: BHAGAWAN WEKA SIDHA , EKASARI WIWIED , AGIL MANGESTUTI
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Bhagawan WS, Ekasari W, Agil M. 2023. Ethnopharmacology of medicinal plants used by the Tenggerese community in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5464-5477. Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park is a repository of biodiversity with profound cultural significance. The Tenggerese community residing within the park possesses rich ethnopharmacological knowledge, using medicinal plants for various ailments. This study aims to comprehensively explore the medicinal plant diversity, traditional uses, and potential pharmacological activities among the Tenggerese people. Ethnopharmacological data was gathered through interviews with informants in seven Tenggerese villages. Ethnopharmacological indices like Species Use Value (SUV) and Fidelity Level (FL) were calculated to identify the most important medicinal plants. Phytochemical analysis of selected medicinal plants was conducted using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, and its pharmacological potential was assessed through antibacterial tests. A total of 124 medicinal plant species from 54 families were documented. The Tenggerese community utilizes plants to treat diverse diseases, with reproductive healthcare being prominently featured. Elaeocarpus longifolius emerged as a key species with high SUV and FL values. Phytochemical analysis identified 25 compounds, including major and minor compounds, already known for their pharmacological activities elsewhere. Elaeocarpus longifolius extract showed inhibitor activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The findings contribute to bridging traditional knowledge and modern scientific research, offering potential avenues for the development of drug candidates from indigenous medicinal plants.