bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Vertically Propagating Gravity Waves Forced by Melting-Induced Cooling in the Formation and Evolution of Wide Cold-Frontal Rainbands
Authors: Kawashima Masayuki
Published: April 2016

Realistic mesoscale model simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model and idealized dry simulations were used to study the mechanisms responsible for the formation and evolution of wide cold-frontal rainbands (WCFRs) associated with a wintertime cyclone that moved onto the Washington coast. The WRF simulation reproduced observed characteristics of three successively formed WCFRs, including their spacing and movement as well as the timing of the formation of two WCFRs behind the first. Sensitivity experiments showed that melting-induced cooling in the stratiform precipitation area behind the surface cold front was essential for the formation of the first and second WCFRs, whereas the third WCFR was formed by the release of potential instability within an ascent forced by upper-level frontogenesis. Enhanced frontal updrafts responsible for the first and second WCFRs were created by a superposition of a broad updraft caused by frontal dynamics and upward-propagating gravity waves generated by the melting-induced cooling. The dry simulations forced by specified cooling revealed specific mechanisms for the wave generation and the evolution of the first and second WCFRs. The gravity waves were generated at the intersection of the low-level frontal zone and the melting layer, where strong vertical shear of the cross-front wind and upshear-sloped cooling by melting cooperatively enhanced the wave generation. The formation of the second WCFR behind the first and subsequent dissipation of these WCFRs was attributed to the evolution of a wave pattern associated with the evolution of cross-front flow above the frontal zone.
Time Scales of Clouds and Cloud-Controlling Variables in Subtropical Stratocumulus from a Lagrangian Perspective
Authors: Eastman Ryan , Wood Robert , Bretherton Christopher S.
Published: April 2016

The Lagrangian evolution of cloud cover and cloud-controlling variables is well approximated using red noise processes with different autocorrelation time scales for each variable. Trajectories within the subtropical marine boundary layer are generated using winds from ECMWF Re-Analysis data for low cloud decks in four eastern subtropical ocean basins. Cloud cover, liquid water path, and boundary layer depth are sampled at 12-h intervals using A-Train satellites, and droplet concentration is sampled every 24 h. Lower-tropospheric stability and vertical velocity are sampled concurrently using reanalysis data. Samples are converted to seasonal and diurnal anomalies. Data are spatially averaged over a range of length scales. The e-folding decay times τ for autocorrelation are calculated for each variable based on lag times of 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. Using lag 24 h and an averaging radius of 100 km, τ ≈ 15–17 h for liquid water path and vertical velocity, τ ≈ 19 h for cloud cover, τ ≈ 24–25 h for boundary layer depth and droplet concentration, and τ ≈ 53 h for lower-tropospheric stability.

Time scales vary somewhat between regions and are shortest in the eastern Indian Ocean. Decay time τ increases with averaging scale and the autocorrelation e-folding length of a variable at a fixed time. Diurnal analysis shows cloud cover anomalies have a stronger memory during morning breakup, while other variables show stronger memory as clouds reform in the evening. Lagrangian cloud anomalies are less persistent than anomalies at a fixed location. For the latter, estimated τ values can vary significantly at different lag times, so a red noise assumption is inappropriate.
The next generation of state assessment and accountability
Authors: Rothman Robert , Marion Scott F.
Published: April 2016

A pilot program in New Hampshire models innovative ways creating and applying state assessments and educator accountability. A study of New Hampshire’s new system, which has already received approval by the U.S. Department of Education under a waiver from NCLB, finds some positive results and also suggests challenges states might face in putting these new systems in place in New Hampshire and elsewhere.
ESSA and rural teachers
Authors: Gagnon Douglas
Published: April 2016

Inertia created by the 15 years of teacher quality reform leading up to Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), coupled with a renewed focus on innovation and flexibility under ESSA, might provide a recipe for establishing new ways to recruit, develop, and retain teachers in rural schools. Many hope that the development of complex and tailored staffing solutions in this area could lead to real and measurable positive change. Certainly the proponents of local control have much to smile about with the passage of ESSA and the increased latitude it will offer in this regard. But with great power comes great responsibility; now is the time for states and districts to work collaboratively to promote the best teaching possible throughout America’s diverse rural schools.
Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science
Authors: Bailey J. Michael , Vasey Paul L. , Diamond Lisa M. , Breedlove S. Marc , Vilain Eric , Epprecht Marc
Published: April 2016

Summary

Ongoing political controversies around the world exemplify a long-standing and widespread preoccupation with the acceptability of homosexuality. Nonheterosexual people have seen dramatic surges both in their rights and in positive public opinion in many Western countries. In contrast, in much of Africa, the Middle East, the Caribbean, Oceania, and parts of Asia, homosexual behavior remains illegal and severely punishable, with some countries retaining the death penalty for it. Political controversies about sexual orientation have often overlapped with scientific controversies. That is, participants on both sides of the sociopolitical debates have tended to believe that scientific findings—and scientific truths—about sexual orientation matter a great deal in making political decisions. The most contentious scientific issues have concerned the causes of sexual orientation—that is, why are some people heterosexual, others bisexual, and others homosexual? The actual relevance of these issues to social, political, and ethical decisions is often poorly justified, however.
Authoring the self: Media, voice and testimony in soldiers’ memoirs
Authors: Chouliaraki Lilie
Published: April 2016

In this article, the author focuses on the struggles over self-representation that soldiers have engaged in at two key historical moments of modern Western warfare: the First World War, the first major industrialised conflict of the 20th century (1914–1918); and the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars, the so-called ‘War on Terror’, which marked the emergence of information warfare in the 21st century (2001–2014). The Western soldier’s self-representation, the author concludes, has shifted from a practice of observing the battlefield as a strange place and himself as an ‘other’ within it, to a practice of considering the ‘other’, here the Iraqi or Afghani local, as the self, someone who shares a Western sense of humanity. These antithetical self-representations, the author argues, point in turn to complex transformations in the technologies, moralities and cultures of warfare, throwing into relief uneasy tensions in the West’s 21st-century interventionist conflicts. In their attempt to move away from the massacres of the 20th-century wars, such conflicts are suspended between sharing humanity and misrecognising ‘others’, between liberating and conquering, between saving and taking lives.
Coping by crossdressing: an exploration of exercise clothing for obese heterosexual women
Authors: Christel Deborah A. , O’Donnell Nicole H. , Bradley Linda Arthur
Published: April 2016

Over the past decade participation in physical activity for adult women has decreased while body size has increased. Overweight and obese individuals are considered the majority demographic in the United States; however, plus-sized clothing sales are minimal in comparison to other segments. Furthermore, there is little known about the clothing practices of obese women who engage in physical activity. The current study addresses this research gap by exploring obese heterosexual women’s clothing practices for exercise, with an emphasis on what women wear, their perceived choices, alternatives, and satisfaction. Lowe and Anspach’s (Home Econ Res J 7(2):121–127, 1978) notion of freedom of dress was the guiding conceptual framework for in-depth interviews with (n = 56) obese women. A majority of the women perceived having limited freedom in dress, and reported crossdressing in men’s clothing to engage in physical activity, which resulted in a perceived lack of gender expression. Crossdressing is wearing clothing of the opposite sex and gender expression is a way in which a person acts to communicate gender within a given culture. Women in this study indicated and the authors discuss that as clothing size increases, perceived freedom in dress decreases. In order to increase freedom in dress, our participants tended to believe it is their personal responsibility to lose weight.
Reactionary and reparative dentin formation after pulp capping: Hydrogel vs. Dycal
Authors: Njeh A , Uzunoğlu E , Ardila-Osorio H , Simon S , Berdal A , Kellermann O , Goldberg M
Published: April 2016

Background

After indirect capping, injured odontoblasts generate reactionary dentin, whereas after direct capping of a pulp exposure pulp, cells stimulate the formation of reparative dentin. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of two direct capping agents on pulp tissue reactions: Hydrogel (a bovine serum albumin (BSA)/glutaraldehyde,) and Dycal (a calcium hydroxide-based capping agent).

Methods

In 6-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats, occlusal cavities were drilled in the first maxillary molars, and the pulps were exposed. In one of the groups, 24 right molars were capped with Hydrogel (G1), whereas in the other group 24 M were capped with Dycal (G2). After 1 to 4 weeks, the rats were anaesthetized intraperitoneally (six rats per group) and perfused intracardiacally with 4 % paraformaldehyde fixative. Maxillary molar’s blocks were demineralized with a 4.13 % EDTA solution, embedded in paraffin, and the sections were histologically stained. Measurements of the thickness of reactionary dentin and area of inflammation were measured with ImageJ software. Results were compared with Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests at p = 0.05.

Results

One week after Dycal capping, a statistically significant large number of aggregates of pulp cells enlightened pulpal inflammation compared to Hydrogel. At 2–3 weeks, reactionary dentin formation was increased at the periphery of the pulp chamber. After 4 weeks, a dentinal bridge sealed partially the pulp exposure, while tunnel defects persisting across reparative osteodentin. In contrast, 1 week after Hydrogel capping, inflammation was barely detectable. Hydrogel induced the massive apposition of reactionary dentin at the pulp periphery, and reparative dentin was developing within the pulp. The degradation of Hydrogel releases glutaraldehyde acting on pulp cells as a fixative and consequently favoring BSA bioactivity.

Conclusion

After Hydrogel capping, nemosis stimulates pulp mineralization, improving reactionary and reparative dentin formation. In contrast, the highly alkaline compound Dycal produced inflammation within the pulp. The differences between the two capping agents suggest that Hydrogel might present some clinical advantages over Dycal.
Tsunami-Induced Overturning of Buildings in Onagawa during the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake
Authors: Tokimatsu Kohji , Ishida Michitaka , Inoue Shusaku
Published: April 2016

A simulation of the tsunami run-up during the 2011 Great Tohoku Earthquake was performed to investigate the mechanisms and differences in overturning failures of buildings in Onagawa, based on a two-dimensional (2-D) shallow water equation with video evidence recorded in the town as reference. The time histories of inundation depth and flow velocity predicted by the analysis enable one to develop a simplified method to estimate the hydrodynamic and buoyant forces acting on a building, as well as its factors of safety against sliding, uplift, and overturning in the time domain. This method was applied to five well-documented cases of buildings that did or did not overturn during the tsunami. Results showed that the proposed method is capable of predicting the differences in building performance qualitatively, including the likelihood, time, and direction of toppling. The results also suggested that the seaward overturning of one building is likely due to its specific topographical location with a hill closely behind that makes the tsunami load significantly less during run-up than during backwash.
Comparison of Field Data Processing Methods for the Evaluation of Topographic Effects
Authors: Wood Clinton M. , Cox Brady R.
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a comparison of field data processing methods used to evaluate topographic effects. A data set of 52 weak motion events recorded using a dense array of seismometers located on steep, complex topography is analyzed. Both time domain and frequency domain analysis methods are evaluated for effectiveness at resolving the amplitude and frequency range associated with topographic effects. Results from this study indicate the median reference method (MRM) provides a more stable estimate of the frequency range and expected amplification value than the standard spectral ratio (SSR) or horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) methods.
Ionic Liquid-Promoted Copper(II)-Catalyzed Homocoupling of Terminal Alkynes in Aqueous Phase or under Solvent-Limited Conditions
Authors: Li Shiguang , Chen Xi , Chen Jinping , Gong Hang
Published: April 2016

A reusable ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide/Cu(II) system was proven to be a reusable catalyst for the homocoupling of terminal alkynes at mild temperature using air as oxidant in aqueous phase or under solvent-limited conditions. In most cases, good to excellent yields can be achieved, either aromatic alkynes or aliphatic alkynes were used as substrates. The homocoupling products 1,3-diynes were separated by extraction from the reaction system. And the activity of residue showed it could be reused for 3 and 6 cycles respectively under the aqueous phase conditions and solvent-limited conditions. Furthermore, this reaction can be easily scaled up to gram level.
Vassiliki Lalagianni & Jean-Marc Moura (eds), Espace méditerannéen. Écriture de l’exil, migrances et discours postcolonial,
Authors: Οικονομοπούλου Χριστίνα
Published: April 2016

ΒΙΒΛΙΟΚΡΙΤΙΚΗ ΤΟΥ ΕΡΓΟΥVassiliki Lalagianni & Jean-Marc Moura (eds), Espace méditerannéen. Écriture de l’exil, migrances et discours postcolonial, Rodopi publishers/collection “Francopolyphonies”, New York/Amsterdam, 2014, 208p. ISBN: 978-90-420-3787-8
Contribution à l’histoire de la colonie européenne de Thessalonique vers la fin du xviiie siècle
Authors: Vacalopoulos Constantin A.
Published: April 2016

Στήν παρούσα μελέτη ό σ. παρουσιάζει μια πλευρά άπό τήν ζωή των Εύ- ρωπαίων εμπόρων τής Θεσσαλονίκης κατά τα τέλη τοϋ 18ου αιώνα, σύμφωνα μέ ένα άγνωστο ώς τώρα χειρόγραφο, τό όποιο τοδ παρεχώρησε παλιός έκ- παιδευτικός τοϋ έλληνογαλλικοΰ γυμνασίου Saint Jean-Baptiste de la Salle. Τό χειρόγραφο αύτό, πού άπόκειται στα αρχεία τοϋ γυμνασίου, γράφηκε άπό τον Frère Rodriguez στις αρχές τοϋ 20οϋ αιώνα.
Σύμφωνα μέ τις πληροφορίες τοϋ χειρογράφου, οί Εύρωπαίοι έμποροι τής Θεσσαλονίκης, μέ τήν πρωτοβουλία τοϋ "Αγγλου Τζέκη Abbot έκτισαν τις θερινές κατοικίες τους στήν θέση Ρετζίκι, έξω άπό τήν Θεσσαλονίκη καί στον δρόμο πού οδηγεί προς τό Άσβεστοχώρι. Ό συγγραφέας τοϋ χειρογράφου μιλεΐ γιά τήν ζωή τους έκεί καί ειδικά για τήν έπαυλη καί τήν οικογένεια των Abbot, γιά τήν επίσκεψη τοϋ σουλτάνου Άβδούλ Μετζίτ σ’ αύτήν καί γιά διάφορα άλλα συμβάντα στήν περιοχή.
Τις πληροφορίες τοϋ χειρογράφου προσπαθεί ό σ. νά τις έλέγξη μέ βάση τις σύγχρονες μέ τα γεγονότα μαρτυρίες, κυρίως μέ τούς "Αγγλους περιηγητές Robert Walpole, Henry Holland, Clarke καί τοϋ Γάλλου προξένου Θεσσαλονίκης Esprit Cousinéry. Άπό τις μαρτυρίες αύτές βγαίνει τό συμπέρασμα πώς ό "Αγγλος έμπορος Έδουάρδος-Βαρθολομαΐος Abbot έγκαταστάθηκε στήν Θεσσαλονίκη στα 1771, άφοϋ είχε κάμει 13 χρόνια στό βόρειο τμήμα τής Μ.’Ασίας. Είχε παντρευθή Έλληνίδα μικρασιάτισσα καί φορούσε τά φορέματα τοϋ τόπου. Αύτός (καί όχι ό Τζέκης στα 1825, όπως έχει τό χειρόγραφο) είχε τήν πρωτοβουλία γιά τήν ίδρυση τοϋ θερέτρου στό Ρετζίκι. Ό Clarke δίνει επίσης ένδιαφέρουσες πληροφορίες γιά τά γυναικεία μέλη τής οικογένειας τοϋ Abbot καί γιά τις συνήθειές τους. Τέλος μαθαίνουμε πολλά άπό τόν Cousinéry γιά τήν ευρωπαϊκή παροικία καί γιά τό θέρετρό τους στό Ρετζίκι. Σύμφωνα μέ τις ειδήσεις του, όταν μετά τούς ναπολεόντειους πολέμους (1792-1814) ό Γάλλος πρόξενος ξαναγύρισε στήν θέση του, όλα είχαν άλλάξει. Ό συνοικισμός τοϋ Ρετζικιοϋ είχε παραμεληθή καί έρημωθή.
'Η άλήθεια ώς προς τόν ρόλο τοϋ Τζέκη Abbot είναι, φαίνεται, ότι μόνος ίσως αύτός άπό όλους τούς ξένους κράτησε τό εξοχικό του σπίτι καί τό διατήρησε κατά τόν 19ο αιώνα, ώστε νά ύποδεχθή εκεί καί τόν ίδιο τόν σουλτάνο Άβδούλ Μετζντ στά 1858, όταν έπισκέφθηκε τήν Θεσσαλονίκη καί παρουσιάσθηκε εκεί ώς μεταρρυθμιστής ηγεμόνας. Ήταν ή εποχή τοϋ Tanzimat μετά τήν λήξη τοϋ Κριμαϊκού πολέμου. Τότε ό σουλτάνος κατέλυσε στό σπίτι τοϋ Τζέκη στήν Θεσσαλονίκη, τό όποιο σώζεται ακόμη ώς σήμερα στήν οδό Φράγκων καί είναι τό γνωστό άλλοτε κτίριο τής οθωμανικής τρα- πέζης, πού στεγάζει σήμερα τά γραφεία τοϋ Ι.Κ.Α.

Ενδιαφέροντα επίσης είναι οσα αναφέρει τό χειρόγραφο γιά τήν αιχμαλωσία τοϋ Robert Abbot στά 1907 από μιά ομάδα 15 ληστών, κατοίκων τοϋ ’Ασβεστοχωρίου.
Further observations on the chronology of the walls of Thessaloniki
Authors: Vickers Michael
Published: April 2016

Ό Γ. Γούναρης εχει αμφισβητήσει τήν νέαν χρονολόγησιν (εις τα μέσα του 5ου αί. μ.Χ.) των τειχών τής Θεσσαλονίκης καί τής δευτέρας φάσεως τής Ροτόντας. ’Έχει διορθώσει λάθη τινά στοιχειώδη, άλλα δέν επέτυχε νά δώση πειστικά έπιχειρήματα διά τήν χρονολόγησιν τών μνημείων εις τό τέλος του 4ου αί. π.Χ.
Βασική είναι ή χρονολόγησις τής επιγραφής του Όρμίσδα. Ό Γ. Γούναρης δέχεται τήν μή ίσχύουσαν πλέον ύπόθεσιν τοϋ Tafrali περί Όρμίσδα καί χρονολογεί εις τό 380 μ.Χ. "Ενας δεύτερος Όρμίσδας τοϋ 5ου αί. μ.Χ. ύπήρξεν Praefectus Praetorio τοϋ Τλλυρικοϋ πριν γίνει τής ’Ανατολής. 'Ιστορικά όσον καί αρχαιολογικά είναι τά έπιχειρήματα, εις τά όποια στηρίζεται ή χρονολόγησις τής έπιγραφής τοϋ Όρμίσδα καί τών τειχών τής Θεσσαλονίκης εις τόν 5ον αί.
Ό Γ. Γούναρης επίσης θεωρεί τό νοτίως τής Ληταίας Πύλης τμήμα τοϋ δυτικοϋ τείχους μεταγενέστερον τών άλλων οχυρώσεων, αλλά παραβλέπει ότι ή άνατολική πλευρά τοϋ Ιπποδρόμου χρησιμέυσε καί ώς μέρος τοϋ ανατολικού σκέλους τών τειχών καί ώς εκ τούτου δέν έχρησιμοποιήθησαν καθίσματα τοϋ 'Ιπποδρόμου εδώ οσα εις τό δυτικόν σκέλος.
Παιδικά παραδοσιακά παιχνίδια από τη Χρυσή Καστοριάς
Authors: Στεφόπουλος Ανδρέας Π.
Published: April 2016

No abstract
A. I. Ivanοv, Literatumoe nasledie Maksima Greka. Harakteristika, atribucii, bibliografija (=Η φιλολογική κληρονομιά Μαξίμου του Γραικού. Περιγραφή, κατηγορίαι, βιβλιογραφία)
Authors: Παπουλίδης Κωνσταντίνος Κ.
Published: April 2016

No abstract
Νεώτεραι έρευναι εις τον Άγιον Νικόλαον Ορφανόν Θεσσαλονίκης
Authors: Ξυγγόπουλος Α.
Published: April 2016

No abstract
Η συμμετοχή των Μακεδόνων οπλαρχηγών εις την Επανάστασιν των ηγεμονιών και η εποποιΐα της μονής του Σέκου (1821)
Authors: Βασδραβέλλης Ι. Κ.
Published: April 2016

No abstract
Μακεδονικά σύμμεικτα: 1. μια "ενθύμηση" του 1784 από τη μονή Διονυσίου του Αγίου Όρους
Authors: Παπαδόπουλος Στέφανος Ι.
Published: April 2016

No abstract
Διορθώσις επιγραφής Αγίου Αχιλλείου
Authors: Πέτσας Φ.
Published: April 2016

No abstract
R. Hamann-Mac Lean, H. Hallensleben, Die Monumentalmalerei in Serbien und Makedonien vom 11. bis zum frühen 14. Jahrhundert
Authors: Ξυγγόπουλος Α.
Published: April 2016

No abstract
Επιγραφή στους Αγίους Αναργύρους Καστοριάς
Authors: Μπακιρτζής Χαράλαμπος Ν.
Published: April 2016

No abstract
Κωνσταντίνος Δ. Μέρτζιος
Authors: Βασδραβέλλης Ιωάννης Κ.
Published: April 2016

No abstract
Relations between national-regional unemployment and employment policies for a sustainable development in Greece
Authors: Rontos Kostas , Vavouras John , Nagopoulos Nikos
Published: April 2016

The extent of unemployment constitutes one of the most basic indicators of sustainable development and particularly in the field of socioeconomic development, given that the extended unemployment, especially of the youth, cannot be considered to be compromising with the concept of sustainable development, as it restricts the possibilities of an important part of society to satisfy its needs, in the present and in the future too. Labor, when using the linear regression analysis, defines the relations between regional and national employment and unemployment in Greece, in order to reveal the reactions of each of the 13 regions of the country to the national trends for a period of 16 years, between 1998 and 2013. The differentiations that are revealed are considered crucial in the implementation of a regional strategy against unemployment, in order to achieve better prospects of economic development, to reduce the unemployment rate of each particular area and to implement an integrated strategy of sustainable development of the country.
International Society for Labour and Social Security Law (ISLSSL), XI European Regional Congress, Young Scholars Session – European Embryo, Dublin, 17-19 September 2014
Authors: Tsetoura Anna
Published: April 2016

No abstract (available). 
Does inactivation of USP14 enhance degradation of proteasomal substrates that are associated with neurodegenerative diseases?
Authors: Ortuno Daniel , Carlisle Holly J. , Miller Silke
Published: April 2016

A common pathological hallmark of age-related neurodegenerative diseases is the intracellular accumulation of protein aggregates such as α-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease, TDP-43 in ALS, and tau in Alzheimer’s disease. Enhancing intracellular clearance of aggregation-prone proteins is a plausible strategy for slowing progression of neurodegenerative diseases and there is great interest in identifying molecular targets that control protein turnover. One of the main routes for protein degradation is through the proteasome, a multisubunit protease that degrades proteins that have been tagged with a polyubiquitin chain by ubiquitin activating and conjugating enzymes. Published data from cellular models indicate that Ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14), a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), slows the degradation of tau and TDP-43 by the proteasome and that an inhibitor of USP14 increases the degradation of these substrates. We conducted similar experiments designed to evaluate tau, TDP-43, or α-synuclein levels in cells after overexpressing USP14 or knocking down endogenous expression by siRNA.
A divide-and-conquer strategy in tumor sampling enhances detection of intratumor heterogeneity in routine pathology: A modeling approach in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Lopez José I. , Cortes Jesús M.
Published: April 2016

Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is an inherent process in cancer development which follows for most of the cases a branched pattern of evolution, with different cell clones evolving independently in space and time across different areas of the same tumor. The determination of ITH (in both spatial and temporal domains) is nowadays critical to enhance patient treatment and prognosis. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) provides a good example of ITH. Sometimes the tumor is too big to be totally analyzed for ITH detection and pathologists decide which parts must be sampled for the analysis. For such a purpose, pathologists follow internationally accepted protocols. In light of the latest findings, however, current sampling protocols seem to be insufficient for detecting ITH with significant reliability. The arrival of new targeted therapies, some of them providing promising alternatives to improve patient survival, pushes the pathologist to obtain a truly representative sampling of tumor diversity in routine practice. How large this sampling must be and how this must be performed are unanswered questions so far.  Here we present a very simple method for tumor sampling that enhances ITH detection without increasing costs. This method follows a divide-and-conquer (DAC) strategy, that is, rather than sampling a small number of large-size tumor-pieces as the routine protocol (RP) advises, we suggest sampling many small-size pieces along the tumor. We performed a computational modeling approach to show that the usefulness of the DAC strategy is twofold: first, we show that DAC outperforms RP with similar laboratory costs, and second, DAC is capable of performing similar to total tumor sampling (TTS) but, very remarkably, at a much lower cost. We thus provide new light to push forward a shift in the paradigm about how pathologists should sample tumors for achieving efficient ITH detection.
Why might you use narrative methodology? A story about narrative
Authors: McAlpine Lynn
Published: April 2016

Narrative is one of many qualitative methodologies that can be brought to bear in collecting and analysing data and reporting results, though it is not as frequently used as say in case studies. This article provides a window into its use, from the perspective of a researcher who has used it consistently over the past decade to examine early career researcher experience – doctoral students, and those who have completed their degrees and are advancing their careers. This experience has contributed to a robust understanding of the potential of narrative, as well as its limitations. This paper first lays out the broad landscape of narrative research and then makes transparent the thinking, processes and procedures involved in the ten-year narrative study including the potential for creativity that narrative invites. The goal is to engage other researchers to consider exploring the use of narrative – if it aligns with their epistemological stance.
Evaluation of primary school teachers’ exemplar-based linguistic communication based on structured observation
Authors: Uibu Krista , Padrik Marika , Tenjes Silvi
Published: April 2016

Õpetaja keele- ja suhtluseeskuju mõjutab oluliselt õppeprotsessi kvaliteeti. See realiseerub harjumuspärase tunnisuhtlusstiilina, mis hõlmab nii mitteverbaalse kui ka verbaalse suhtluse komponente: õpetaja ja õpilaste tegevuste kommenteerimist, õpilaste vastuste kordamist ja laiendamist, küsimuste valikut ning keelekasutuse raskusastme varieerimist. Uurimuse eesmärk on hinnata struktureeritud vaatluse teel klassiõpetajate (N = 46) suhtlusstiile ja nende seoseid õpilaste (N = 611) emakeeleoskustega 3. klassis. Rühma- ja indiviidikesksete analüüside ning multimodaalse videoanalüüsi põhjal ilmneb neli suhtlusprofiili, mis eristuvad verbaalse ja mitteverbaalse suhtluse komponentide kasutuse poolest. Kõige vähem kasutavad õpetajad emakeeletunnis enda ja õpilaste tegevuste kommenteerimist ning kõige rohkem õpilaste vastuste kordamist ja täiendamist. Uurimistulemustest selgub, et õpetajatel, kelle suhtlusstiil sai kõrge hinnangu, on oodatust rohkem emakeeletestis kehvema tulemuse saavutanud õpilasi.
 Summary
A Video-Based Automated Recommender (VAR) System for Garments
Authors: Lu Shasha , Xiao Li , Ding Min
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we propose an automated and scalable garment recommender system using real-time in-store videos that can improve the experiences of garment shoppers and increase product sales. The video-based automated recommender (VAR) system is based on observations that garment shoppers tend to try on garments and evaluate themselves in front of store mirrors. Combining state-of-the-art computer vision techniques with marketing models of consumer preferences, the system automatically identifies shoppers’ preferences based on their reactions and uses that information to make meaningful personalized recommendations. First, the system uses a camera to capture a shopper’s behavior in front of the mirror to make inferences about her preferences based on her facial expressions and the part of the garment she is examining at each time point. Second, the system identifies shoppers with preferences similar to the focal customer from a database of shoppers whose preferences, purchasing, and/or consideration decisions are known. Finally, recommendations are made to the focal customer based on the preferences, purchasing, and/or consideration decisions of these like-minded shoppers. Each of the three steps can be implemented with several variations, and a retailing chain can choose the specific configuration that best serves its purpose. In this paper, we present an empirical test that compares one specific type of VAR system implementation against two alternative, nonautomated personal recommender systems: self-explicated conjoint (SEC) and self-evaluation after try-on (SET). The results show that VAR consistently outperforms SEC and SET. A second empirical study demonstrates the feasibility of VAR in real-time applications. Participants in the second study enjoyed the VAR experience, and almost all of them tried on the recommended garments. VAR should prove to be a valuable tool for both garment retailers and shoppers.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2016.0984 .
Optimal Time-Inconsistent Beliefs: Misplanning, Procrastination, and Commitment
Authors: Brunnermeier Markus K. , Papakonstantinou Filippos , Parker Jonathan A.
Published: April 2016

We develop a structural theory of beliefs and behavior that relaxes the assumption of time consistency in beliefs. Our theory is based on the trade-off between optimism, which raises anticipatory utility, and objectivity, which promotes efficient actions. We present it in the context of allocating work on a project over time, develop testable implications to contrast it with models assuming time-inconsistent preferences, and compare its predictions to existing evidence on behavior and beliefs. Our predictions are that (i) optimal beliefs are optimistic and time inconsistent; (ii) people optimally exhibit the planning fallacy; (iii) incentives for rapid task completion make beliefs more optimistic and worsen work smoothing, whereas incentives for accurate duration prediction make beliefs less optimistic and improve work smoothing; (iv) without a commitment device, beliefs become less optimistic over time; and (v) in the presence of a commitment device, beliefs may become more optimistic over time, and people optimally exhibit preference for commitment.

This paper was accepted by Neng Wang, finance.
Is Operating Flexibility Harmful Under Debt?
Authors: Iancu Dan A. , Trichakis Nikolaos , Tsoukalas Gerry
Published: April 2016

We study the inefficiencies stemming from a firm’s operating flexibility under debt. We find that flexibility in replenishing or liquidating inventory, by providing risk-shifting incentives, could lead to borrowing costs that erase more than one-third of the firm’s value. In this context, we examine the effectiveness of practical and widely used covenants in restoring firm value by limiting such risk-shifting behavior. We find that simple financial covenants can fully restore value for a firm that possesses a midseason inventory liquidation option. In the presence of added flexibility in replenishing or partially liquidating inventory, financial covenants fail, but simple borrowing base covenants successfully restore firm value. Explicitly characterizing optimal covenant tightness for all these cases, we find that better market conditions, such as lower inventory depreciation rate, higher gross margins, or increased product demand, are typically associated with tighter covenants. Our results suggest that inventory-heavy firms can reap the full benefits of additional operating flexibility, irrespective of their leverage, by entering simple debt contracts of the type commonly employed in practice. For such contracts to be effective, however, firms with enhanced flexibility and/or operating in better markets must also be willing to abide by more and/or tighter covenants.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
The patient experience of having a stoma and its relation to nursing practice: implementation of qualitative evidence through clinical pathways
Authors: Capilla-Díaz Concepción , Black Pat , Bonill-de las Nieves Candela , Gómez-Urquiza Jose Luis , Zambrano Sandra Hernández , Montoya-Juárez Rafael , Gálvez-González María , Martín-Muñoz Begoña , Sánchez-Crisol Inmaculada , Rivas-Marín Concepción , Reina-Leal Liliana Marcela , Pérez-Marfil María Nieves , Hueso-Montoro César
Published: April 2016

The aim of this article is to explore patients' experiences of having a stoma, in particular those relating to: emotion and social issues; changes in quality of life; feelings of fear, shame or frustration because of the altered lifestyle; and changes in roles and relationships and in their social environment. This article is part of a research project that employs a three-step method, including a metasynthesis method for international qualitative research, the development of clinical pathways for nursing diagnoses, interventions and outcomes, and the implementation and evaluation of these clinical pathways. This article describes the first phase of the research. The results show that, internationally, there are many similarities in the ways in which individuals with a stoma cope with having a stoma.
Estimating the Moisture Content of Lumber above the Fiber Saturation Point Using Stress Wave Velocity during the Natural Drying Process
Authors: Toyoshima Isao , Yamasaki Mariko , Sasaki Yasutoshi
Published: April 2016

Determining the moisture content of wood during its drying process is important for the quality control of lumber. This study investigated the potential for using stress wave velocity to estimate moisture content in boxed-heart lumber from Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) and examined a methodology using Monte Carlo simulation for applying estimated moisture content to quality control. Lumber was subjected to natural drying for about half a year, from the green wood condition to near the fiber saturation point, during which time stress wave velocity and moisture content were measured about seven times. Stress wave velocity was confirmed to increase with decreasing moisture content, even for lumber whose cross-sectional dimensions were comparatively large. The relation between stress wave velocity and moisture content was expressible by a regression line over a range of moisture content above the fiber saturation point. The database for the relation between stress wave velocity and moisture content was further divided into three groups based on apparent density, and the same analysis was conducted. Estimation precision was found to improve over the entire moisture content range when analyzed within each individual group compared with analysis values obtained when ungrouped. Finally, application of Monte Carlo simulation to the moisture content estimations was able to account statistically for the variation in the relation between stress wave velocity and moisture content. This method was found to be effective in reducing estimation error for quality control purposes.
Relative shapes of thick subsets of moduli space
Authors: Anderson James W. , Parlier Hugo , Pettet Alexandra
Published: April 2016

A closed hyperbolic surface of genus $g\ge 2$ can be decomposed into pairs
of pants along shortest closed geodesics and if these curves are
sufficiently short (and with lengths uniformly bounded away from $0$),
then the geometry of the surface is essentially determined by the
combinatorics of the pants decomposition. These combinatorics are
determined by a trivalent graph, so we call such surfaces {\it trivalent}.
In this paper, in a first attempt to understand the ``shape'' of the
subset ${\bf X}_g$ of moduli space consisting of surfaces whose systoles
fill, we compare it metrically, asymptotically in $g$, with the set ${\bf
Y}_g$ of trivalent surfaces. As our main result, we find that the set
${\bf X}_g\cap{\bf Y}_g$ is metrically ``sparse'' in ${\bf X}_g$ (where we
equip $({\cal M}_g$ with either the Thurston or the Teichm\"uller metric).
Convexity of level sets for elliptic problems in convex domains or convex rings: Two counterexamples
Authors: Hamel François , Nadirashvili Nikolai , Sire Yannick
Published: April 2016

This paper deals with some geometrical properties of solutions of some semilinear elliptic equations in bounded convex domains or convex rings. Constant boundary conditions are imposed on the single component of the boundary when the domain is convex, or on each of the two components of the boundary when the domain is a convex ring. A function is called quasiconcave if its superlevel sets, defined in a suitable way when the domain is a convex ring, are all convex. In this paper, we prove that the superlevel sets of the solutions do not always inherit the convexity or ring-convexity of the domain. Namely, we give two counterexamples to this quasiconcavity property: the first one for some two-dimensional convex domains and the second one for some convex rings in any dimension.
Global well-posedness and scattering for the defocusing, L 2 -critical, nonlinear Schrödinger equation when d = 1
Authors: Dodson Benjamin
Published: April 2016

In this paper we prove global well-posedness and scattering for the defocusing, one dimensional mass-critical nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger equation. We make use of a long-time Strichartz estimate and a frequency localized Morawetz estimate. This continues work begun in earlier papers for dimensions $d\geq 3$ and $d = 2$.
On uniformly bounded bases in spaces of holomorphic functions
Authors: Bourgain Jean
Published: April 2016

The main result of the paper is the construction of explicit uniformly bounded bases in the spaces of complex homogenous polynomials on the unit ball of $C^3$, extending an earlier result of the author in the $C^2$ case.
Cyclic length in the tame Brauer group of the function field of a p -adic curve
Authors: Brussel Eric , McKinnie Kelly , Tengan Eduardo
Published: April 2016

Let $F$ be the function field of a smooth curve over the $p$-adic number
field ${\Bbb Q}_p$. We show that for each prime-to-$p$ number $n$ the
$n$-torsion subgroup ${\rm H}^2(F,\mu_n)={}_n{\rm Br}(F)$ is generated by
${\Bbb Z}/n$-cyclic classes; in fact the ${\Bbb Z}/n$-length is equal to
two. It follows that the Brauer dimension of $F$ is three (first proved by
Saltman), and any $F$-division algebra of period $n$ and index $n^2$ is
decomposable.
‘an Arður sculde Ʒete cum’: The Prophetic Hope in Twelfth-Century Britain
Authors: Helbert Daniel
Published: April 2016

This article reads LaƷamon’s postulation of a messianic return by King Arthur to aid the English within the contexts of Norman-Latin historiography and Welsh political prophecies. Though LaƷamon is dependent on both of these genres, he reemploys a unique version of the motif for anti-colonial purposes.
Syariahization of Intra-Muslim Religious Freedom and Human Rights Practice in Malaysia: The Case of Darul Arqam
Authors: Hamid Ahmad Fauzi Abdul
Published: April 2016

Islam was officially installed as the religion of the Federation of Malaya upon independence on 31 August 1957, and retained as such after the formation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963. Since then, political stakeholders have not shied away from making the most of Islamic symbols, practices and institutions towards achieving national economic development or regime maintenance. Driven by hegemonic considerations, they largely ignored intra-Muslim religious variations. The religious uniformity of Malays, all of whom were Muslims by law, were literally taken for granted and served as a politically expedient vehicle for Islamic-based political mobilization by the Malay-dominated regime. Pluralist conceptions of Malaysian society were accepted only insofar as they pertain to Muslim-non-Muslim distinctions. At the core of the government’s efforts to infuse the Malaysian polity with Islamic alternatives for socio-political arrangements is a gradual process of syariahization. However, owing to arbitrary interpretations of the syariah (Islamic law) by Malaysia’s official Islamic gatekeepers, syariahization resulted in state-manufactured denial of freedom of religious expression to non-conformist Malay-Muslims. Until today, Muslim non-conformists are not allowed to adopt, let alone to propagate, different forms of Islam that run afoul of the version upheld by an officially sanctioned version of the syariah. As reflected by the case of the Sufi-inspired Darul Arqam movement, government-imposed syariahization has resulted in the violation of fundamental human rights of Malay-Muslims, regardless of the fact that the syariah itself may not have been clear-cut in determining the boundaries between religious orthodoxy and unorthodoxy in prescribing punishments for dissent.
Career Aspirations and the First Generation Student: Unraveling the Layers With Social Cognitive Career Theory
Authors: Raque-Bogdan Trisha L. , Lucas Margaretha S.
Published: April 2016

Abstract:
Undergraduate students who are the first in their immediate family to go to college represent a unique population on campus deserving special attention to their educational and career development needs. We explored career development characteristics of first-generation college students and compared them to those who are not first-generation, using Lent, Brown, and Hackett’s (1994) social cognitive career theory as a theoretical base. Findings indicated significant differences between the 2 groups, and the importance of college self-efficacy and college outcome expectations for the career aspirations of first-generation college students.
Involving Students in Residence Halls in Hong Kong
Authors: Ting S. Raymond , Chan Rebecca , Lee Esther
Published: April 2016

This article reports a study based on A. W. Astin’s (1984) involvement theory applied in residence halls at a public university in Hong Kong, China. The resident students who were involved as participants or student leaders in this study were found to be better developed in terms of leadership, career development, multicultural experience, community involvement, and ethical personal values. Implications for student affairs practice, considerations of cultural differences, involvement theory, future research, and study limitations are discussed.
Print, Publics, and the Scene of Universal Equality in the Kingdom of Henry Christophe
Authors: Garraway Doris L.
Published: April 2016

This article argues for the fundamental importance for early postrevolutionary Haitian writers of the international audience over the domestic one, given the need to force foreign readers’ recognition of the legitimacy of Haitian independence and its belonging in the international community. It examines in particular the work of Baron de Vastey as instantiating, through rational argument, rhetorical strategies, and forms of enunciation, the equality of Haiti and other ‘civilized’ nations. Special attention is given to the problem of the reception of Haitian writing as both an analog and a pre-requisite to the diplomatic recognition of Haiti.
Caribbean “Race Men”: Louis Joseph Janvier, Demesvar Delorme, and the Haitian Atlantic
Authors: Daut Marlene L.
Published: April 2016

This paper reconsiders the work of two nineteenth-century Haitian authors, Demesvar Delorme and Louis Joseph Janvier, in light of their contributions to Haitian Atlantic humanism, a long-standing way of thinking the world through the nation state of Haiti in order to combat the twin axes of colonial racism and colonial slavery.
Régénération et élitisme scolaire sous Alexandre Pétion et Jean-Pierre Boyer (1816–1843)
Authors: Sainte-Claire Linsey
Published: April 2016

This article highlights the socio-economic and sex discriminations inscribed in the implementation and access to public instruction under the Republic of Alexandre Pétion (1770–1818) and that of Jean-Pierre Boyer (1776–1850). It argues that, despite a patent will for equal educational opportunities, school remained accessible to a predominantly masculine elite group destined for Haiti’s regeneration.
Race et citoyenneté dans la carrière et les écrits de Charles Henri d’Estaing (1729–1794)
Authors: Force Pierre
Published: April 2016

This article offers a study of the relationship between race in civic virtue in the writings of Count d’Estaing, with a focus on a patriotic play that was performed and printed in Cap-Français in 1764 at d’Estaing’s initiative, and on the reinterpretation of that episode by d’Estaing himself at the beginning of the French Revolution.
Advancing Border Pedagogies: Understandings of Citizenship Through Comparisons of Home to School Contexts
Authors: Salinas Cinthia , Vickery Amanda E. , Franquiz Maria
Published: April 2016

Abstract:
Border pedagogies recognize citizenship as a contentious privilege afforded to some but not others. In reconciling the multiple and often conflicting renditions of citizen/citizenship, this qualitative single case study found that preservice teachers benefit from examining the great civic divide between home and school and in confronting spaces that value citizens/citizenship differently. In doing so, we argue that dislodging a teacher education candidate’s previously held assumptions works to broaden understandings of a community of wealth and the importance of linguistically and culturally diverse experiences as preservice teachers embody opportunities for participation in a democracy.
Designing Incentives for Public School Teachers: Evidence from a Texas Incentive Pay Program
Authors: Springer Matthew G. , Taylor Lori L.
Published: April 2016

Pay-for-performance is a popular public education reform, but there is little evidence about the characteristics of a well-designed incentive pay plan for teachers. Some of the literature suggests that effective incentive plans must offer relatively large awards to induce behavioral changes. On the other hand, the experimental economics literature suggests that plans with only a handful of awardees can be less effective at changing behavior than plans that offer an array of possible awards. Still other research suggests that group-based incentives are the most effective strategy when teamwork and cooperation are integral to the production process—as is arguably the case in education. This study takes advantage of a pilot pay-for-performance program in Texas to explore incentive design not only from the perspective of the employer—by examining changes in teacher productivity and retention—but also from the perspective of the employee—by examining the preferences revealed by the incentives teachers design for themselves. We find that when given the opportunity, teachers design relatively weak, group-oriented incentive pay plans. In turn, those relatively weak incentives do not appear to be associated with any significant changes in teacher productivity, although they are correlated with teacher turnover, which, in the long run, could theoretically improve student outcomes.
Does Performance-Based Funding Affect Colleges’ Financial Priorities?
Authors: Kelchen Robert , Stedrak Luke J.
Published: April 2016

State-level performance-based funding (PBF) policies are an increasingly common way to allocate funds to public colleges and universities. While a growing body of research has examined whether these policies are effective in improving student outcomes, little is known about how colleges respond to PBF policies. In this paper, we examine whether two-year and four-year colleges subject to PBF change their patterns and allocations of revenues, expenditures, and financial aid. We find limited evidence that colleges facing PBF receive different levels of revenue or reallocate some funds to different expenditure categories. Notably, colleges subject to PBF receive less Pell Grant revenue than colleges not subject to PBF, suggesting potential strategic behaviors targeting students from higher-income families.