bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of a Large Cold Groundwater Mantle Helium Anomaly and High Temperature Geothermal Resources in Response to Bimodal Magmatism Near Roosevelt Hot Springs and Utah FORGE, Milford Valley, Southwest Utah
Authors: Simmons Stuart F. , Kirby Stefan
Published: September 2024

A large mantle helium anomaly and separate domains of high heat flow are the predominant manifestations of bimodal magmatic activity in the Milford valley. The mantle helium anomaly (1.9–2.6 R/Ra) covers 270 km2 and is subdivided into two separated domains: a cold shallow groundwater regime and high temperature hydrothermal activity. The zone of anomalous heat flow covers >100 km2 and is also subdivided into two adjacent domains, comprising hydrothermal activity at Roosevelt Hot Springs (RHS) (3–7 W/m2) and conductive heat flow (100–180 mW/m2). While the transfer of heat and mantle helium at RHS are coupled, heat and helium transfer are decoupled in the adjacent cold groundwater regime to the west. Both the mantle helium and geothermal anomalies are attributed to recent mafic‐felsic magmatic intrusions of >400 km3, however, the absence of volcanic eruptions <500,000 years indicates magmas stall before rising to shallow crustal level <10 km depth. Deep level magmatism produces a felsic composition melt, which is inferred to be responsible for the widespread and near uniform range of diluted mantle helium values. A thick and impermeable mass of crystalline granitic basement rock at the mid‐crustal level divides the ascent of mantle helium into separate flow paths. It may also impede the rise of buoyant magma trapping thermal energy that facilitates partial melting, slow cooling, and development of a thick thermal aureole. Partitioning of convective and conductive thermal regimes and independent flow paths supplying deeply derived helium characterize the development of a large long‐lived magma‐related geothermal system.
The LCROSS Impact Crater as Seen by ShadowCam and Mini‐RF: Size, Context, and Excavation of Copernican Volatiles
Authors: Fassett C. I. , Robinson M. S. , Patterson G. W. , Denevi B. W. , Mahanti P. , Mazarico E. , Rivera‐Valentín E. G. , Turner F. S. , Manheim M. R. , Colaprete A.
Published: September 2024

The Lunar CRater Observations and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) impacted a Centaur rocket stage into a permanently shadowed region (PSR) in Cabeus crater, excavating water ice and other volatiles. We used the Miniature Radio Frequency (Mini‐RF) instrument on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and the ShadowCam instrument on the Korean Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter to detect the probable 22‐m diameter crater that resulted from the LCROSS impact. The crater formed superposed upon a dense small crater population along a crater ray from a larger pre‐existing crater. From its geologic context, the ice and regolith excavated by LCROSS were likely modified within the last 0.1–0.5 Gyr. An upper limit for the excavated volatiles is ~0.9 Gyr, as the location was not a PSR prior to that time. A young age for the LCROSS‐detected volatiles supports the idea that they were mostly emplaced by an exogenic mechanism, such as from comets or the solar wind.
Observations of Compressional Structures Driven by Interaction Between Foreshock Ions and Discontinuities
Authors: Liu Terry Z. , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Otto Antonius
Published: September 2024

The ion foreshock is very dynamic, characterized by various transient structures that can perturb the bow shock and influence the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system. One important driver of foreshock transients is solar wind directional discontinuities (DDs) that demagnetize foreshock ions leading to a local current. If this current decreases the field strength at the DD, a hot flow anomaly (HFA) can form. Recent hybrid simulations found that when the current increases the field strength at the DD, a compressional structure forms with enhanced density and field strength opposite to HFAs. Using MMS and THEMIS observations, we confirm this situation. We demonstrate that the current geometry driven by the foreshock ions plays a critical role in the formation. The initial gyrophase of foreshock ions, due to their specular reflection, determines whether they can cross the DD. When many of the foreshock ions cannot cross the DD and the local current they drive increases the field strength at the DD, the enhanced field strength inhibits more foreshock ions from crossing the DD, further enhancing the local current. This feedback loop promotes the growth of the compressional structure. Such foreshock ion‐driven compressional structures can result in dynamic pressure enhancements in the magnetosheath, leading to magnetosheath jets. Our study enables prediction of the location and formation probability of such compressional structures and their potential geoeffectiveness.
Temporal Behavior of Glacially Induced Stresses and Strains at Potential Sites for Long‐Term Storage of Used Nuclear Fuel in Canada
Authors: Steffen Holger , Steffen Rebekka
Published: September 2024

Continental‐scale glaciations cause deformation, geopotential, rotation and stress changes of the Earth. Subsurface stress changes have implications to future activities such as carbon capture and storage, enhanced oil recovery and deep geological disposal of nuclear waste. We model glacially induced stresses, strain changes and deformation for North America, with emphasis on the two potential sites for long‐term storage of used nuclear fuel in Canada (Saugeen Ojibway Nation (SON)‐South Bruce area in southwestern Ontario and Wabigoon Lake Ojibway Nation (WLON)‐Ignace area in northwestern Ontario). We apply a revised, high‐resolution ice history of the past glacial cycle from the University of Toronto Glacial Systems Model, assumed to be representative for future glacial cycles, together with a set of seven different one‐ and three‐dimensional earth structures. We find that glacially induced stresses and strains can vary strongly throughout a glacial cycle, whereas especially the horizontal components can change from tensional to compressive in nature. Such changes can happen within a few 1,000 years, caused by drastic and rapid ice thickness increase or decrease above the potential site. Despite SON‐South Bruce being located further away from the ice sheet center than WLON‐Ignace and temporarily in the forebulge of the developing ice sheet during glaciation, stresses and strains are very similar in magnitude and range at both sites. We also see the potential that the glacially induced stresses can alter the direction of the pre‐existing maximum horizontal stress at SON‐South Bruce. These results will be incorporated in the site safety and site selection process.
Forecasting High Resolution Precipitation Events With Logistic Echo State Networks
Authors: Moncada Morales Lizda Nazdira , Bonas Matthew , Castruccio Stefano , Crippa Paola
Published: September 2024

Accurately predicting hydroclimate events is crucial for understanding the impacts of climate change and effectively managing water resources, particularly for flood mitigation and timely warnings. Despite recent advances in machine learning, forecasting precipitation events continues to be challenging due to inherent data imbalances and the intricate dynamics governing these occurrences, rendering them difficult to model accurately. Echo State Networks (ESNs) offer a promising solution; their ability to model complex processes has been demonstrated throughout the field of environmental science. For this work, we propose a novel adaptation of ESNs, termed BinESN, to binary classification problems of precipitation occurrence. In particular, we extend the ESN to a generalized linear model framework, we leverage the ESN's ability to recognize complex dynamics while maintaining interpretability of the predicted output. Through simulation studies and an application to numerically simulated precipitation, we show that BinESN produces more accurate forecasts of sparse events in both short‐ and long‐range scenarios compared to other common machine learning approaches. Specifically, the proposed BinESN outperforms other reference methods by over 10% in terms of its area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.
A Proxy System Modeling Approach to Combining Tree‐Ring and Sediment‐Based Paleotempestological Records
Authors: Wallace Elizabeth J. , Dee Sylvia , Bregy Joshua , Emanuel Kerry A.
Published: September 2024

The short and biased observational record of tropical cyclones (TCs) limits scientific understanding of how these destructive storms respond to climate forcing. Paleohurricane records use natural archives (tree rings, coarse‐grained sediment) to reconstruct TC properties (frequency and intensity of rainfall, wind) over the past few hundreds to thousands of years. However, different sensitivities and sampling biases in the various paleohurricane proxies restrict our ability to compile these records into regional or basin‐scale TC estimates. Here we test how well pseudo tree‐ring records of paleohurricanes capture TC rainfall and occurrence. Using a large set of statistically downscaled storms forced with the Max Planck Institute (MPI‐ESM‐P) model as boundary conditions for the past millennium, we generate a 1000‐member ensemble of pseudo tree‐ring records of latewood width from southern Mississippi using a Poisson process‐based random draw. Pseudo records convert synthetic TC rainfall into latewood width using a previously published statistical calibration and seasonal sensitivity. We show that fourth quantile thresholds applied to pseudo latewood data successfully identify years with TC strikes. Comparing pseudo tree‐ring records with pseudo sediment records from the Gulf Coast indicates promise in combining proxies sensitive to TC rainfall with proxies sensitive to storm overwash. Sediment records that are sensitive to lower intensity storms (≥Saffir Simpson Category 1) are more compatible with tree‐ring records, suggesting a need for more of these low intensity threshold records in the Gulf to facilitate future multi‐proxy efforts to reconstruct past TC properties.
Sleep and memory consolidation in healthy, neurotypical children, and adults: a summary of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors: Weighall Anna , Kellar Ian
Published: September 2024

This review systematically assesses the impact of sleep on memory and cognition in healthy individuals across different life stages. It specifically examines how sleep affects memory processes in children, adults, and older adults. The methodology involved a comprehensive literature search, starting with 46 known papers. Keywords and Mesh terms related to sleep and memory consolidation were derived using the Word Frequency Analysis tool in SR Accelerator and Mesh on Demand. A detailed search on PubMed yielded a large set of records. Classifier training on 4854 decisions, these were narrowed down to 1437 papers for full-text screening, culminating in 19 systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Sleep enhances memory consolidation, especially for complex declarative information. While the role of sleep in procedural memory consolidation in children remains less robust compared to declarative memory, findings suggest potential but inconsistent benefits. Sleep improves prospective memory consolidation and aids in complex associative memory tasks. Memory reactivation during sleep, specifically slow-wave sleep, and spindles are implicated in memory consolidation. Meta-analytic evidence suggests that while sleep benefits both emotional and neutral memory consolidation, there is no strong preferential effect of sleep on emotional memory in comparison to neutral memory. In older adults, there is a noticeable reduction in sleep-dependent memory consolidation, particularly for declarative memory, likely linked to a decline in slow-wave sleep. This suggests a decrease in the benefits of sleep for memory consolidation with aging. Overall, the review underscores the importance of sleep in memory processes across all ages, highlighting variations in its impact on different types of memory and across age groups. It points to future research directions for enhancing understanding and practical applications in clinical and educational settings.
Design of adaptive speed controllers for matrix‐converter‐based interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drive systems
Authors: Liu Tian‐Hua , Wang Shao‐Ming
Published: September 2024

Interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) which are driven by matrix converters have many advantages, including one‐stage power conversion, high efficiency, bidirectional power transfer, near unity input power factor, and low input current harmonics. However, the virtual DC‐link voltages of matrix‐converters vary from 0.866 to and the current commutations of matrix‐converters create serious three‐phase stator harmonic currents as well. Moreover, matrix‐converter‐based IPMSM drive systems, in general, have very large external loads, which require advanced control methods. To solve these problems, two adaptive controllers, including a model reference adaptive controller and a self‐tuning controller, are investigated in this article for matrix‐converter PMSM drive systems. From the experimental results, the proposed two adaptive speed controllers provide excellent dynamic responses, which are superior to PI speed controllers, including faster transient responses, better tracking abilities, and greater robustness. As a result, this proposed matrix‐converter‐based IPMSM drive system is very suitable in industrial applications.
Exploring the boundary between stable mass transfer and L2 overflow in close binary evolution
Authors: Schürmann C. , Langer N.
Published: September 2024

The majority of massive stars resides in binary systems, which are expected to experience mass transfer during their evolution. However, the conditions under which mass transfer leads to a common envelope, and thus possibly to a merging of both stars, are currently only poorly understood. The main uncertainties arise from the possible swelling of the mass gainer and from angular momentum loss from the binary system during non-conservative mass transfer. We have computed a dense grid of detailed models of stars that accrete mass at constant rates to determine the radius increase that is due to their thermal disequilibrium. While we find that models with an accretion that is faster than the thermal timescale expand in general, this expansion remains quite limited in the intermediate-mass regime even for accretion rates that exceed the thermal timescale accretion rate by a factor of 100. Our models of massive stars expand to extreme radii under these conditions. When the accretion rate exceed the Eddington accretion rate, our models expand rapidly. We derived analytical fits to the radius evolution of our models and a prescription for the boundary between stable mass transfer and L2 overflow for arbitrary accretion efficiencies. We then applied our results to grids of binary models adopting various constant mass-transfer efficiencies and angular momentum budgets. We find that the first parameter affects the outcome of the Roche-lobe overflow more strongly. Our results are consistent with detailed binary evolution models and often lead to a smaller initial parameter space for stable mass transfer than do other recipes in the literature. We used this method to investigate the origin of Wolf-Rayet stars with O star companions in the Small Magellanic Cloud, and we found that the efficiency of the mass transfer process that led to the formation of the Wolf-Rayet star was likely lower than 50%.
Discovery of SRGA J144459.2−604207 with the SRG/ART-XC telescope: A well-tempered bursting accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar
Authors: Molkov Sergey V. , Lutovinov Alexander A. , Tsygankov Sergey S. , Suleimanov Valery F. , Poutanen Juri , Lapshov Igor Yu. , Mereminskiy Ilya A. , Semena Andrei N. , Arefiev Vadim A. , Tkachenko Alexey Yu.
Published: September 2024

We report the discovery of the new accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar SRGA J144459.2−604207 using data of the SRG/ART-XC. The source was observed twice in February 2024 during the declining phase of the outburst. The timing analysis revealed a coherent signal near 447.9 Hz modulated by the Doppler effect due to the orbital motion. The derived parameters for the binary system are consistent with a circular orbit with a period of ∼5.2 h. The pulse profiles of the persistent emission, showing a sine-like part during half a period with a plateau in between, can be well modeled by emission from two circular spots that are partially eclipsed by the accretion disk. Additionally, during our observations with an exposure of 133 ks, we detected 19 thermonuclear X-ray bursts. All bursts have similar shapes and energetics, and none show any signs of an expanding photospheric radius. The burst recurrence times decreases linearly from ∼1.6 h at the beginning of observations to ∼2.2 h at the end and anticorrelate with the persistent flux. The spectral evolution during the bursts is consistent with the models of the neutron star atmospheres that are heated by accretion and implies a neutron star radius of 11–12 km and a distance to the source of 8–9 kpc. We also detected coherent pulsations during the bursts and showed that the pulse profiles differ substantially from those observed in the persistent emission. However, we could not find a simple physical model explaining the pulse profiles detected during the bursts.
Mapping the exo-Neptunian landscape
Authors: Castro-González A. , Bourrier V. , Lillo-Box J. , Delisle J.-B. , Armstrong D. J. , Barrado D. , Correia A. C. M.
Published: September 2024

Context. Atmospheric and dynamical processes are thought to play a major role in shaping the distribution of close-in exoplanets. A striking feature of such distribution is the Neptunian desert, a dearth of Neptunes on the shortest-period orbits.

Aims. We aimed to define the boundaries of the Neptunian desert and study its transition into the savanna, a moderately populated region at larger orbital distances. Our goal was to acquire new insight into the processes that carved out the Neptunian landscape, and to provide the exoplanet community with a framework for conducting studies on planet formation and evolution.

Methods. We built a sample of planets and candidates based on the Kepler DR25 catalogue and weighed it according to the transit and detection probabilities. We then used the corrected distribution to study occurrences across the period and period-radius spaces. Results. We delimited the Neptunian desert as the close-in region of the period-radius space with no planets at a 3σ level, and provide the community with simple, ready-to-use approximate boundaries. We identified an overdensity of planets separating the Neptunian desert from the savanna (3.2 days ⪅ Porb ⪅ 5.7 days) that stands out at a 4.7σ level above the desert and at a 3.5σ level above the savanna, which we propose to call the Neptunian ridge. The period range of the ridge matches that of the well-known hot Jupiter pileup (≃3–5 days), which suggests that similar evolutionary processes might act on both populations. We find that the occurrence fraction between the pileup and warm Jupiters (ƒpileup/warm = 5.3 ± 1.1) is about twice that between the Neptunian ridge and savanna (ƒridge/savanna = 2.7 ± 0.5). This indicates either that the processes that drive or maintain planets in the overdensity are more efficient for Jupiters, or that the processes that drive or maintain planets in the warm region are more efficient for Neptunes.

Conclusions. Our revised landscape supports a previous hypothesis that a fraction of Neptunes were brought to the edge of the desert (i.e. the newly identified ridge) through high-eccentricity tidal migration (HEM) late in their life, surviving the evaporation that eroded Neptunes having arrived earlier in the desert. The ridge thus appears as a true physical feature illustrating the interplay between photoevaporation and HEM, providing further evidence of their role in shaping the distribution of close-in Neptunes.
EELS hyperspectral images unmixing using autoencoders
Authors: Brun Nathalie , Lambert Guillaume , Bocher Laura
Published: September 2024

Spatially resolved Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy conducted in a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope enables the acquisition of hyperspectral images. Spectral unmixing is the process of decomposing each spectrum of a hyperspectral image into a combination of representative spectra (endmembers) corresponding to compounds present in the sample along with their local proportions (abundances). Spectral unmixing is a complex task, and various methods have been developed in different communities using hyperspectral images. However, none of these methods fully satisfy the spatially resolved Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy requirements. Recent advancements in remote sensing, which focus on Deep Learning techniques, have the potential to meet these requirements, particularly Autoencoders. As the Neural Networks used are usually shallow it would be more appropriate to use the term “representation learning”. In this study, the performance of these methods using autoencoders for spectral unmixing is evaluated, and their results are compared with traditional methods. Synthetic hyperspectral images have been created to quantitatively assess the outcomes of the unmixing process using specific metrics. The methods are subsequently applied to a series of experimental data. The findings demonstrate the promising potential of autoencoders as a tool for Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy hyperspectral images unmixing, marking a starting point for exploring more sophisticated Neural Networks.
Evaluating the Knowledge of Radiation Exposure Parameters Among CT Technologists in Saudi Arabia: A Survey-Based Study on Adherence to ALARA Principles and Dose Optimization
Authors: Alashban Yazeed , Alghamdi Sami A.
Published: September 2024

Computed tomography is a crucial tool in modern healthcare, offering non-invasive imaging for diagnosis and monitoring. However, its widespread use raises concerns about radiation exposure. Adhering to the ALARA principle is vital to minimize risks while maintaining diagnostic quality. This study evaluates the knowledge of CT technologists in Saudi Arabia regarding radiation exposure parameters. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted, covering demographics, perceptions, and understanding of CT parameters. Statistical analysis revealed gaps in knowledge, particularly regarding dose optimization strategies and diagnostic reference levels. While most participants recognized the importance of adjusting parameters based on patient characteristics and clinical indications, deficiencies were observed in understanding specific parameters' effects on dose and image quality. Furthermore, a notable proportion of participants were unfamiliar with DRLs, indicating a need for improved education in this area. The study emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between radiologists, physicists, and technologists in protocol development and optimization.
Pricing and collection decisions of a closed-loop supply chain with remanufacturing under reciprocal preferences
Authors: Ding Junfei , Chen Weida , Fu Shuaishuai , Qin Lin
Published: September 2024

This paper examines the effects of reciprocal preferences on the performances of a closed-loop supply chains (CLSC) with remanufacturing. Specifically, we incorporate reciprocal preferences into a two-echelon CLSC in which the manufacturer collects used products and then remanufactures the other parts except for key components as well as producing new products, and must purchase such key components from the supplier. Using a supplier-led Stackelberg game framework, the models are constructed with and without reciprocity, and then the effects of reciprocity on channel efficiency, consumers, environment and society are examined. We show that, (i) if the supplier reciprocates, the collection rate, the CLSC’s total profit, the channel efficiency and the consumer surplus enhance. Additionally, if only the manufacturer reciprocates, the CLSC’s profit remains constant; (ii) under certain conditions, the reciprocal preferences of both channel members aggravate environmental impact, while benefit social welfare; (iii) Pareto improvement can be achieved if the reciprocity parameters of both channel members are relatively high, and a simple procurement price contract can conditionally coordinate the CLSC. Finally, two extensions are studied by considering consumer heterogeneity and solving a two-period game problem, and the results characterize how reciprocal behaviors drive the performances of channel members.
Einfluss von Erythrozytenkonzentrat-Transfusionen auf den Weaning-Prozess bei prolongiert beatmeten Patienten
Authors: Schäfer Henry , Edel Jan , Martinez Carlos , Wallenhorst Christopher , Hellstern Alfred
Published: September 2024

Ziel Patienten mit prolongierter Beatmung sind häufig anämisch. Ziel der Studie war es, die Dauer und den Erfolg einer Beatmungsentwöhnung unter dem Aspekt der Gabe von Erythrozytenkonzentrat-Transfusionen zu untersuchen.

Methode Es wurde eine retrospektive Analyse von Patientendaten aus einer Weaning-Einheit durchgeführt. Transfundierte und nicht transfundierte Patienten wurden mithilfe eines Propensity-Scores gematcht. Von 249 Patienten in der Datenbank konnten 31 transfundierte und die gleiche Anzahl nicht transfundierter Fälle mit ähnlicher Krankheitsschwere, gemessen anhand des Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS), analysiert werden. Es wurden zusätzliche Sensitivitätsanalysen durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse In der Gruppe der transfundierten Patienten war die Weaning-Dauer mit 1,35 Tagen in der Hauptanalyse bzw. 3,26 Tagen in der Sensitivitätsanalyse länger als bei nicht transfundierten Patienten. Der Weaning-Erfolg war ebenfalls unterschiedlich. Es zeigte sich in der Gruppe der transfundierten Patienten ein zweifach höheres Risiko für ein Weaning-Versagen. Auch hinsichtlich der Mortalität waren die Gruppen verschieden. 25,8% der transfundierten Patienten verstarben, während bei den nicht transfundierten Patienten die Mortalität 6,5% betrug. Das Risiko zu versterben war erhöht bei Patienten, die Transfusionen erhielten. Die Unterschiede waren aber statistisch nicht signifikant.

Schlussfolgerung Ein hoher Anteil prolongiert beatmeter Patienten weist eine Anämie auf. Die Transfusion von Erythrozytenkonzentraten verbessert in diesem Kollektiv nicht die Prognose der Patienten. Die Notwendigkeit einer Transfusion war in dieser Studie mit einer höheren Sterblichkeit und längerer Weaning-Dauer assoziiert. Die Indikation zur Transfusion sollte daher restriktiv gestellt werden.
Roboterassistierte Pankreassegmentresektion
Authors: Weber Georg F. , Krautz Christian , Grützmann Robert , Brunner Maximilian
Published: September 2024

Die Pankreassegmentresektion weist bei symptomatischen benignen oder prämalignen
Läsionen des Pankreaskorpus bzw. -schwanzes, die sich nicht für eine Enukleation eignen,
eine ausgezeichnete Alternative zur Pankreaslinksresektion auf. Der Hauptvorteil dieser
Technik liegt in der Schonung von Pankreasparenchym, was mit einer niedrigeren Rate an
postoperativem Diabetes mellitus assoziiert ist. Auf der Gegenseite erfordert die
Pankreassegmentresektion eine komplexere Rekonstruktion, was wiederum mit einer erhöhten
Morbidität einhergeht.

Insulinom im Pankreaskorpus.

Roboterassistierte Pankreassegmentresektion mit Pankreatikojejunostomie in modifizierter
Blumgart-Technik.

Die Pankreassegmentresektion stellt ein aufgrund einer limitierten Anzahl an
Indikationen insgesamt seltenes und zudem anspruchsvolles Resektionsverfahren am Pankreas
dar, besitzt aber aufgrund der funktionellen Vorteile eindeutig ihren Stellenwert in der
modernen Pankreaschirurgie. Bei entsprechender Indikation und technischer Durchführbarkeit
sollte die Pankreassegmentresektion einer alternativen Pankreaslinksresektion vorgezogen und
wann immer möglich minimalinvasiv durchgeführt werden.
Primary Seminal Vesicle Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma: A Rare Entity
Authors: Goyal Jitin , Baweja Rupinder Singh , Agarwal Nitin , Sharma Anila , Puri Sunil Kumar
Published: September 2024

Primary seminal vesicle cancer (SVC) is an exceptionally rare occurrence and is often secondary to bladder or prostate cancers. Adenocarcinoma is being the predominant histological type, with only a few cases reported in the literature.

This case report presents a 54-year-old male diagnosed with primary seminal vesicle clear cell adenocarcinoma who underwent bilateral orchidectomy for bilateral undescended testis 25 years ago. The patient exhibited frequency of urination and imaging studies revealed a large enhancing soft tissue mass in the pelvis, involving the prostate gland, compressing the urinary bladder and left ureter. Biopsy results initially suggested poorly differentiated carcinoma of renal cell origin but subsequent histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed clear cell adenocarcinoma originating from the seminal vesicles/mesonephric remnants. The patient underwent excision of pelvic mass with sigmoidectomy bladder repair, rectosigmoid anastomosis, and bilateral double-J stenting and followed by adjuvant chemotherapy.

In conclusion, primary SVC is an extremely rare malignancy, and clear cell adenocarcinoma represents a particularly uncommon subtype. This case highlights the importance of considering primary seminal vesicle malignancies when evaluating pelvic masses and the significance of histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses in establishing an accurate diagnosis.
Design of germanium-silicon diode points to room-temperature future of quantum photonics
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: September 2024

A proposed single-photon avalanche diode could enjoy the same performance as current niobium nitride tech without the need for cryogenic temperatures.
Kinetic Alfvén solitary waves in astrophysical plasmas
Authors: Hasan M. M. , Hossen M. R. , Mamun A. A.
Published: September 2024

The magnetospheric plasma (hot and thin) and the solar wind plasma (cold and dense) are separated by the Earth’s magnetopause, in which plasmas of both origins coexist. Different types of plasma diffusions are found due to this plasma mixing, and kinetic Alfvén solitary waves (KASWs) are one of them. In this work, a theoretical approach is taken to study the fundamental properties of heavy ion acoustic KASWs (HIAKASWs) in a magnetized plasma system whose constituents are nonextensive q-distributed two temperature electrons with dynamical heavy ions. The perturbations of the magnetized collisionless plasma system are investigated using the reductive perturbation technique to deduce the Korteweg–de Vries (K–DV) and modified K–DV (MK–DV) equations to determine the fundamental characteristics of small, but finite amplitude HIAKASWs. The presence of nonextensive electrons, magnetic field, obliquity angle (the angle between the external magnetic field and wave propagation), plasma particle number densities, and the temperature of various plasma species are observed to significantly alter the fundamental properties of HIAKASWs. The findings of our present study may be useful for comprehending the nonlinear wave properties in diverse interstellar plasma environments.
‘There must be something in the soil our little plants need’: exploring patterns of potential mycorrhizal associations in the flora of the Sunshine Coast heathlands, Queensland, Australia
Authors: Pearl Hilary , Shapcott Alison
Published: September 2024

The first general overview of mycorrhizal functional groups associated with the flora of the Queensland Sunshine Coast heathlands, a community of low phylogenetic diversity, is provided in this Short Communication. Broad proportions of plant species associated with mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal functional groups in the heathlands were compared with those in the surrounding rainforest flora, and across the heath strata. This overview suggests that a greater diversity of mycorrhizal strategies and an increased number of plant genera with non-mycorrhizal associations are found in the heathlands, with proportions varying among the strata. These associations may be facilitating the coexistence of plant species and increasing phylogenetic dispersion.
Atomistic mechanisms of the regulation of small-conductance Ca
2+
-activated K
+
channel (SK2) by PIP2
Authors: Woltz Ryan L. , Zheng Yang , Choi Woori , Ngo Khoa , Trinh Pauline , Ren Lu , Thai Phung N. , Harris Brandon J. , Han Yanxiao , Rouen Kyle C. , Mateos Diego Lopez , Jian Zhong , Chen-Izu Ye , Dickson Eamonn J. , Yamoah Ebenezer N. , Yarov-Yarovoy Vladimir , Vorobyov Igor , Zhang Xiao-Dong , Chiamvimonvat Nipavan
Published: September 2024

Small-conductance Ca
2+
-activated K
+
channels (SK, K
Ca
2) are gated solely by intracellular microdomain Ca
2+
. The channel has emerged as a therapeutic target for cardiac arrhythmias. Calmodulin (CaM) interacts with the CaM binding domain (CaMBD) of the SK channels, serving as the obligatory Ca
2+
sensor to gate the channels. In heterologous expression systems, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) coordinates with CaM in regulating SK channels. However, the roles and mechanisms of PIP2 in regulating SK channels in cardiomyocytes remain unknown. Here, optogenetics, magnetic nanoparticles, combined with
Rosetta
structural modeling, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed the atomistic mechanisms of how PIP2 works in concert with Ca
2+
-CaM in the SK channel activation. Our computational study affords evidence for the critical role of the amino acid residue R395 in the S6 transmembrane segment, which is localized in propinquity to the intracellular hydrophobic gate. This residue forms a salt bridge with residue E398 in the S6 transmembrane segment from the adjacent subunit. Both R395 and E398 are conserved in all known isoforms of SK channels. Our findings suggest that the binding of PIP2 to R395 residue disrupts the R395:E398 salt bridge, increasing the flexibility of the transmembrane segment S6 and the activation of the channel. Importantly, our findings serve as a platform for testing of structural-based drug designs for therapeutic inhibitors and activators of the SK channel family. The study is timely since inhibitors of SK channels are currently in clinical trials to treat atrial arrhythmias.
Utilizing big data without domain knowledge impacts public health decision-making
Authors: Zhang Miao , Rahman Salman , Mhasawade Vishwali , Chunara Rumi
Published: September 2024

New data sources and AI methods for extracting information are increasingly abundant and relevant to decision-making across societal applications. A notable example is street view imagery, available in over 100 countries, and purported to inform built environment interventions (e.g., adding sidewalks) for community health outcomes. However, biases can arise when decision-making does not account for data robustness or relies on spurious correlations. To investigate this risk, we analyzed 2.02 million Google Street View (GSV) images alongside health, demographic, and socioeconomic data from New York City. Findings demonstrate robustness challenges; built environment characteristics inferred from GSV labels at the intracity level often do not align with ground truth. Moreover, as average individual-level behavior of physical inactivity significantly mediates the impact of built environment features by census tract, intervention on features measured by GSV would be misestimated without proper model specification and consideration of this mediation mechanism. Using a causal framework accounting for these mediators, we determined that intervening by improving 10% of samples in the two lowest tertiles of physical inactivity would lead to a 4.17 (95% CI 3.84–4.55) or 17.2 (95% CI 14.4–21.3) times greater decrease in the prevalence of obesity or diabetes, respectively, compared to the same proportional intervention on the number of crosswalks by census tract. This study highlights critical issues of robustness and model specification in using emergent data sources, showing the data may not measure what is intended, and ignoring mediators can result in biased intervention effect estimates.
Neural network architecture of a mammalian brain
Authors: Swanson Larry W. , Hahn Joel D. , Sporns Olaf
Published: September 2024

Connectomics research is making rapid advances, although models revealing general principles of connectional architecture are far from complete. Our analysis of 10
6
published connection reports indicates that the adult rat brain interregional connectome has about 76,940 of a possible 623,310 axonal connections between its 790 gray matter regions mapped in a reference atlas, equating to a network density of 12.3%. We examined the sexually dimorphic network using multiresolution consensus clustering that generated a nested hierarchy of interconnected modules/subsystems with three first-order modules and 157 terminal modules in females. Top–down hierarchy analysis suggests a mirror-image primary module pair in the central nervous system’s rostral sector (forebrain–midbrain) associated with behavior control, and a single primary module in the intermediate sector (rhombicbrain) associated with behavior execution; the implications of these results are considered in relation to brain development and evolution. Bottom–up hierarchy analysis reveals known and unfamiliar modules suggesting strong experimentally testable hypotheses. Global network analyses indicate that all hubs are in the rostral module pair, a rich club extends through all three primary modules, and the network exhibits small-world attributes. Simulated lesions of all regions individually enabled ranking their impact on global network organization, and the visual path from the retina was used as a specific example, including the effects of cyclic connection weight changes from the endogenous circadian rhythm generator, suprachiasmatic nucleus. This study elucidates principles of interregional neuronal network architecture for a mammalian brain and suggests a strategy for modeling dynamic structural connectivity.
Towards quantum gravity with neural networks: solving quantum Hamilton constraints of 3d Euclidean gravity in the weak coupling limit
Authors: Sahlmann Hanno , Sherif Waleed
Published: September 2024

The aim of the present work is to demonstrate the applicability of machine learning techniques and in particular neural network quantum states in the context of loop quantum gravity, albeit for a simplified theory. We consider 3-dimensional Euclidean gravity in a gauge theoretical formulation in a certain weak coupling limit due to Smolin, and show that the gauge group becomes Abelian, resulting inU(1)3BF-theory. The theory is quantised using loop quantum gravity methods. The kinematical degrees of freedom are truncated, on account of computational feasibility, by fixing a graph and deforming the algebra of the holonomies to impose a cutoff on the charge vectors. This leads to a quantum theory related toUq(1)3BF-theory. The effect of imposing the cutoff on the charges is examined. We also implement the quantum volume operator of 3d loop quantum gravity. Most importantly we compare two constraints for the quantum model obtained: a master constraint enforcing curvature and Gauß constraint, as well as a combination of a quantum Hamilton constraint constructed using Thiemann’s strategy and the Gauß master constraint. The two constraints are solved using the neural network quantum state ansatz, demonstrating its ability to explore models which are out of reach for exact numerical methods. The solutions spaces are quantitatively compared and although the forms of the constraints are radically different, the solutions turn out to have a surprisingly large overlap. We also investigate the behavior of the quantum volume in solutions to the constraints.
Spectroscopy and annihilation decay widths of charmonium and bottomonium excitations
Authors: Mony A Christas , Dhir Rohit
Published: September 2024

We study the charmonium (

c

c

¯

) and bottomonium (

b

b

¯

) spectra, using Cornell potential with additional constant potential term in a non-relativistic framework, with spin-dependent corrections corresponding to the spin–spin, spin–orbit, and tensor interactions added perturbatively. We predict the masses of low-lying and excited states of charmonium and bottomonium up to n = 6 and L = 2. We analyze the radial and orbital Regge trajectories of both the systems and investigate their departure from linearity. Further, we estimate the wave function at the origin and, consequently, predict the decay widths of charmonium and bottomonium states annihilating to leptons and photons. Also, we investigate the effect of scale dependence of the wave function at the origin and the strong coupling constant on the predictions of annihilation decay widths. We compare our predictions of heavy quarkonium spectra and decay widths with experimental results and other theoretical models.
Perspectives of the role of ICRP and the system of protection in meeting the United Nations sustainable development goals
Authors: Bryant Peter A , Clement Chris , Chapple Claire Louise , Martinez Nicole , Lips Marcel , Dowds Christiana
Published: September 2024

Established in 2015 the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs) were agreed with the aim to balance the need to address social and ethical obligations such as ending poverty and other deprivations, while tackling climate change and the other planetary boundaries. In 2018 the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) initiated a review and revision of the System of Radiological Protection which will lay the foundation for Radiation Protection standards, regulations, guidance and practice worldwide for the next 40 years. Recognising the importance of the UN SDG’s the ICRP has started to consider what the role of the revised system of protection should be in enabling delivery. On the 15 May 2024 the Society for Radiological Protection and World Nuclear Association ran a workshop exploring the intersection of the System of Radiological Protection and the SDG’s. The outputs of the workshop are summarised in this paper showing the views from a variety of practitioners working across the radiation protection sectors on the key factors to be considered in the revision of the system of radiological protection to enable delivery of the UN SDG’s.
Image compression encryption algorithm combining two-dimensional modular hyperchaotic map and compressed sensing
Authors: Yin Hai , Xu Yuliang , Zhang Yongkang , Wu Jianhua
Published: September 2024

Recently, to offer better ensure for image privacy security, numerous new image encryption algorithms have been proposed. However, these algorithms still suffer from the problems of chaotic performance scarcity, low encryption effect, and high consumption of computational resources. To solve the above issues, we first construct a two-dimensional modular hyperchaotic map (2D-MHM). Then, we further develop an image encryption algorithm based on 2D-MHM and compressed sensing (CS). Several chaotic metrics verify the randomness and validity of 2D-MHM. These metrics include bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponent, initial value sensitivity, 0–1 test, and NIST test. Specifically, CS significantly reduces the ciphertext image size thereby reducing its resource consumption during transmission. Reality-preserving fractional DCT (RP-Fdct) diffusion is utilized to transform pixels into the frequency domain to enhance the encryption effect. Subsequently, lightweight index confusion and XOR diffusion further improve the algorithm security. The security of the algorithm is verified through various experiments. It is able to encrypt grayscale and color images of different sizes with good results. Notably, this algorithm also implements the encryption requirements for binary images. Due to our designs, it outperforms recently reported encryption algorithms in several areas, especially in reconstruction performance.
Ordering kinetics with long-range interactions: interpolating between voter and Ising models
Authors: Corberi Federico , dello Russo Salvatore , Smaldone Luca
Published: September 2024

We study the ordering kinetics of a generalization of the voter model with long-range interactions, the p-voter model, in one dimension. It is defined in terms of Boolean variables S

i
, agents or spins, located on sites i of a lattice, each of which takes in an elementary move the state of the majority of p other agents at distances r chosen with probability

P
(
r
)
∝

r

−
α

. For p = 2 the model can be exactly mapped onto the case with p = 1, which amounts to the voter model with long-range interactions decaying algebraically. For

3
⩽
p
<
∞

, instead, the dynamics falls into the universality class of the one-dimensional Ising model with long-ranged coupling constant

J
(
r
)
=
P
(
r
)

quenched to small finite temperatures. In the limit

p
→
∞

, a crossover to the (different) behavior of the long-range Ising model quenched to zero temperature is observed. Since for p > 3 a closed set of differential equations cannot be found, we employed numerical simulations to address this case.
Bioengineered larynx and vocal folds: where are we today? A review
Authors: Kaboodkhani Reza , Moghaddam Armaghan , Mehrabani Davood , Khonakdar Hossein Ali
Published: September 2024

The larynx is responsible for breathing, producing sound, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration through the cough reflex. Nowadays, scaffolding surgery has made it easier to regenerate damaged tissues by facilitating the influx of cells and growth factors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on tissue engineering of the larynx and vocal folds. It also discusses the achievements and challenges of data sources. In conducting a literature search for relevant papers, we included 68 studies from January 2000 to November 2023, sourced from PubMed and Scholar Google databases. We found a need for collaboration between voice care practitioners, voice scientists, bioengineers, chemists, and biotechnologists to develop safe and clinically valid solutions for patients with laryngeal and vocal fold injuries. It is crucial for patients to be knowledgeable about the available choices of laryngeal tissue engineering for successful tissue repair. Although few human trials have been conducted, future works should build upon previously completed in-vivo studies in an effort to move towards more human models.