bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Rising Energy Prices on Consumer’s Welfare: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: Shamaila Aziz  , Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen  , Sofia Anwar
Published: September 2018

This work investigated the impact of higher energy prices on consumer’s welfare for the Pakistan from 1987 to 2012. The central objective of the study is to quantify the consumer welfare through Compensating Variation (CV) after estimating the demand elasticities by applying the Linear Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) for main energy sources. Welfare change is also measured in four scenarios (two price shocks) for Pakistan in order to analyse the impact of energy price change in different time period. Coal, gasoline and High Speed Diesel (HSD) oil are relatively less elastic, where High Octane Blended Component (HOBC), kerosene and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) are relatively more elastic, while electricity and natural gas is unit elastic. Additionally, the results of Compensating Variation suggest that due to higher energy prices, more income compensation is required to pay for consumer in order to achieve the initial energy utility. So mixture of price controlling and income policies should be adopted for each energy source. JEL Classification: D6, Q4 Keywords: Rising Energy Prices, Consumer Welfare, LA/AIDS, CV, Time Series Data
Pakistan‟s Governance Goliath: The Case of Non-Professional Chairman, FBR
Authors: Muhammad Ashfaq Ahmed
Published: September 2018

The governance crisis of Pakistan‘s public sector is wide, deep and historically imbedded. There are a host of factors which contribute at varying degrees towards the extant of governance mess. The body of scholarship created to analyse the underlying factors of public sector management mess of Pakistan is not only scant but also deficient in quality, coverage and construct validity. In the entire administrative morass of Pakistan, the quagmire of Federal Board of Revenue (FBR)—house of the state‘s extractive function—is by far the most sombre and serious one. The paper picks up FBR as the unit of analysis and there too, only one variable, that is, appointment of a non-professional generalist as its Chairman to analyse below par performance of Pakistan‘s revenue function—by far the lowest in the world. It posits that appointment of non-professional Chairman, FBR, is a compelling exposition of a collusive duopoly arrangement between elites and generalist cadres of Pakistan civil services—both symbiotically pursuing their perverse particularistic interests at the expense of citizenry at large. The paper develops a theoretical framework within which it attempts to analyse domination of Pakistan‘s extractive function over history from various dimensions. It argues that, since the entire institutional infrastructure of the state has fallen hostage to elitesgeneralist duopoly paradigm, the control of its extractive function is only a logical consequence thereof, and that a non-professional generalist chairman is imposed on the revenue function only to precisely, and fully control the extractive policy formulation process as well as the extractive operations on the ground—to the ultimate advantage of the duopoly. JEL Classification: H1 Keywords: Public Sector Management, Federal Board of Revenue, Civil Service of Pakistan, Inland Revenue Service, Chairman, FBR, Institutionalism
Does Fiscal Decentralisation Matter for Poverty and Income Inequality in Pakistan?
Authors: Sehrish Shahzad  , Bushra Yasmin
Published: September 2018

This study endeavours to investigate the impact of fiscal decentralisation on the welfare concerns of poverty, and income inequality in Pakistan for the time period 1972 to 2013. In order to capture the multi-dimensional nature of fiscal decentralisation, three indicators are used namely; revenue decentralisation, expenditure decentralisation and composite decentralisation. Further, the role of institutional quality is also incorporated in apprehending the responsiveness of welfare issues towards the process of fiscal decentralisation. The estimation technique of Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) is employed for estimating the impact of fiscal decentralisation on poverty and income inequality. The empirical findings suggest that fiscal decentralisation has discretely resulted in increasing poverty and income inequality in Pakistan, but the presence of better institutional quality along with fiscal decentralisation can promise to mitigate the negative consequences of fiscal decentralisation for poverty and income inequality in Pakistan. Although, the indirect effect of fiscal decentralisation on welfare concerns, through institutional quality exhibits a fluctuating trend over time, but its average marginal effect is lower than the direct effect of fiscal decentralisation on welfare concerns. Hence, it can be perceived that the log-run welfare issues can be tackled effectively in the presence of institutional quality with a rational level of fiscal decentralisation. Also in order to reap the potential benefits of fiscal decentralisation for poverty and income inequality that has remained a catastrophe in case of Pakistan. JEL Classification: I3, 023 H53 Keywords: Fiscal Decentralisation, Welfare
Inclusive Agricultural Growth in Pakistan— Understanding Some Basic Constraints
Authors: Sohail J. Malik  , Asjad Tariq Sheikh  , Amir Hamza Jilani
Published: September 2018

Inclusive agricultural growth is important for overall economic growth and particularly critical for rural socio-economic stability and poverty reduction in Pakistan. The majority of Pakistan‘s population and 44 percent of the overall labour force are dependent upon agriculture which only accounts for a little over 20 percent of national GDP. The paper highlights some basic constraints that have not been explicitly addressed in the policy research and implementation and have impeded inclusive agriculture growth. A descriptive analysis based on data from the Agriculture Census of Pakistan and the Pakistan Household Income and Economic Survey—both of which were conducted in 2010-11—is used to show how high levels of poverty and its disparity across regions, combined with the declining size of operated holdings and associated fragmentation especially in the smallest size categories which now form over 60 percent of the agricultural holdings in Pakistan, are fundamental constraints. Poverty is both the result as well as the consequence of fragmented markets, weak institutions including governance; and, inadequate policy research and implementation. A better research based policy understanding of some basic constraints, and the variations across regions in such factors such as the declining size and fragmentation of operated farms, rural poverty; and, the levels of market development and institutions is essential along with effective implementation. One size fits all policies have not and will not work. JEL Classification: O40, Q15, I32, P46 Keywords: Inclusive Growth, Land Holding, Land Tenure, Income Distribution, Poverty
Combating Nutrient Deficiency in Pakistan
Authors: Amna Ejaz  , Haseeb Ali  , Mubarik Ali  , Umar Farooq
Published: September 2018

To quantify the micronutrient deficiencies and their overtime trends, food quantities reported to be consumed in HIES surveys data during 1991-92 and 2011-12 are converted into major and micronutrients using the FAO Food Composition Table for Pakistan. To see the impact of different price and income support policies on micronutrient consumption, nutrient demand elasticities are estimated for 2011-12 for carbohydrates (energy), protein, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and Niacin. The Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) is applied to estimate the demand elasticities of the eight food groups which are then converted into nutrient demand elasticities using the transformation of Hunag (1996). On average, per capita consumptions of almost all micronutrients are deficient compared to their respective recommended levels. Our analysis suggest that income support to the poor in Pakistan through programmes like BISP would have been much more effective to eradicate nutrient deficiency, if deficient nutrient(s) are targeted and support is provided to those foods having highest demand elasticity for that nutrient. For example, the promotion of wheat and other cereals are important to eradicate energy deficiency, and promotion of vegetables, fruits, and milk are particularly important in eradicating vitamin A, C and iron deficiencies. These commodities are also high value crops for farmers, thus the price support in these crops will also impact micronutrient consumption through income effect.
Hold-up Problem in Price Cap Regulation with Limited Ability of Commitment in High Inflation
Authors: Takuya Nakaizumi
Published: September 2018

In this study, we examine the hold-up problem under price cap regulation in developing economies characterised by high inflation that have a limited ability to commit. The governments of developing countries are unable to modify the exact inflation rate. If high inflation is brought about by unexpected monetary expansion after the initial average price is fixed, the insufficient ability to show exact inflation causes a lack of commitment to adjust the initial fixed price to the modified price. The study’s findings show that those that have a limited ability to commit cause a hold-up problem if inflation is sufficiently high for a firm to stop production at the initial price, while the hold-up problem does not occur if inflation is lower and the initial fixed price generates a sufficient profit for the first-best investment for the firm. JEL Classification: D86, L14, L43,L51 Keywords: Price Cap Regulation, Hold-up Problem, Limited Ability of Commitment, Inflation Adjustment
Pakistan’s Monetary Policy: Some Fundamental Issues
Authors: Zafar Hayat
Published: September 2018

Over the last three decades, the landmark transformation of central banks from secrecy to openness and transparency has significantly enhanced their performance to successfully anchor inflation expectations and achieve price stability. The extent of such a transformation of the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), especially in terms of statutory objectives, monetary policy mandate, conflicts of interest, disclosures, and dissemination of effective public economic information is assessed vis-à-vis the current popular central banking practices. The assessment indicates that the SBP is yet to be transformed to be able to achieve price stability which is a cornerstone for the achievement of sustainable economic growth. On the statutory front, such a transformation requires amending the SBP Act 1956, in line with the statutes for the best monetary policy frameworks by; (1) making price stability as the overriding objective of the SBP; (2) putting in place a clear mechanism for its accountability against price stability, consistent inflation targets, and; (3) elimination of the cushion for government‘s involvement with the monetary policy decision making processes. Some of the other areas like, institutional capacity building of the SBP, in terms of the relevance and level of the academic qualification, research profiles, and experiences of the Board, higher as well as lower tier management need special attention. Such transformations may not only enhance assimilation, creation, sharing, and funnelling of existing as well as new knowledge into monetary policy formulation, but may help change the static mindset at the SBP, hence allowing the institution to flourish. JEL Classification: E5, E52, E58 Keywords: Statutory Objectives, Conflicts of Interest, Disclosures, SBP
Impact of Climate Change on Crops’ Productivity across Selected Agro-ecological Zones in Pakistan
Authors: Anwar Hussain  , Rabia Bangash
Published: September 2018

This study estimates the impact of major climate variables (temperature and rainfall) on crops’ productivity across four agro-ecological zones of Pakistan. The crops selected were rice, wheat, maize, cotton and sugarcane. The study used panel data from 1991 to 2010 and applied panel least square techniques. The results revealed that the effect of climatic variables on crops yield varied across agro climatic zone due to differences in their climate conditions. Temperature and rainfall were the important determinants affecting crops productivity across agro climatic zones of Pakistan. Wheat productivity has been impacted more in Northern Irrigated Plain-a by average temperature and in Northern Dry Mountains by rainfall than the other zones. Rice productivity has been impacted more in Dry Mountains by average temperature and in the Indus Delta by rainfall than other zones. Sugarcane productivity has been impacted more by average temperature and rainfall in Indus Delta than zone IV. Maize productivity has been impacted more by average temperature and rainfall in Northern Dry Mountains than other zones. Finally the study recommends proper mitigative and adaptative strategies to enhance the positive and lessen the adverse impact of climate change on crops productivity across agro climatic zones of Pakistan. JEL Classifications: Q15, Q54, Q57 Keywords: Climate Change, Agro-ecological Zones, Rainfall, Temperature, Productivity
Spatial Differences in Rice Price Volatility: A Case Study of Pakistan 1994–2011
Authors: Burhan Ahmad  , Ole Gjølberg  , Mubashir Mehdi
Published: September 2018

Prices of agricultural commodities tend to be more volatile in comparison to other commodities. Volatility can result in inefficient allocation of the resources by the farmers, traders and consumers. Rice is the second major staple and export item of Pakistan. This study presents the trends in volatility of regional rice markets of Pakistan and analyses spatial differences in volatility across regional rice markets in Pakistan from 1994 to 2011, and also draws comparison of volatility with the international market. ARCH-LM tests are applied to check the presence of volatility and volatility clustering is found in all the markets. Tests for equality of variance and dynamic conditional correlations (DCC) GARCH model are employed to analyse the spatial differences across the regional rice markets of Pakistan. The results indicate the presence of spatial differences in volatility. Positive conditional correlations in the dynamic conditional correlations (DCC) GARCH model are found which indicate positive association of volatility across markets. Spatial differences in volatility and its persistence reflect the differences in market forces, infrastructure and information flow which leads to varying degree of risk across markets and some regions are exposed to higher risk. The study found out that Hyderabad and Sukkur are the most volatile markets and their volatility levels are highly persistent and require highest time to return to its long-term mean which makes them the riskiest rice markets. Investments in infrastructure, particularly in transportation and controlling the market power of middlemen may reduce price risk across markets particularly in the most risky markets. JEL Classification: C22, C32, Q11, Q13, Q18 Keywords: Rice Prices Volatility, Regional Markets, Pakistan. DCC-GARCH-models
Faktor Faktor Yang mempengaruhi Efektivitas Implementasi Strategi (Studi Kasus Pada PT.Bosowa Propertindo)
Authors: Hidayat Muhammad
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui sejauh pengaruh budaya organisasi, struktur organisasi, kesiapan sumber daya manusia, dan aplikasi sistem informasi dan teknologi terhadap efektivitas implementasi strategi pada PT Bosowa Propertindo. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian didapatkan melalui wawancara, quisioner dan observasi langsung di lapangan. Alat analisa yang digunakan adalah analisis statistika melalui regresi linier berganda dengan pengujian hipotesis penelitian melalui uji t dan uji F. Penelitian ini membuktikan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara budaya organisasi, struktur organisasi, kesiapan SDM dan Aplikasi sistem IT secara sendiri-sendiri maupun secara simultan terhadap efektivitas implementasi strategi pada PT.Bosowa Propertindo.
The Influence Of Farmers' Entrepreneurship And Organizational Competence On Cacao Productivity
Authors: Hidayat Muhammad , Echdar Saban
Published: September 2018

This study aimed to determine and analyzing the effect of the enterpreneurial competencies, farmers institutional and government support on productivity of cocoa farmers in Polewali Mandar, West of Sulawesi. The benefits of this research are (1) as a information for the various parties, especially in Polewali Mandar district to take wisdom strategic to the empowerment of cocoa farmers to their territory with effort to improve the entrepreneurial competences , farmer institutional, and government to improve productivity of cocoa. (2) Contributed to the next study that interested in discussing problems about productivity of cocoa, (3) as point of reference to increased productivity cocoa farmers in West of Sulawesi, especially in the district of Polewali Mandar. This study is descriptive research, data collecting used interview and questionnaires. The population of this study is the cocoa farmers in Polewali Mandar as much as 35.000 and take the sample of in purposive and random sampling with the number of samples 100 respondent. Data was analiyzed using multiple regression analysis processed by SPSS software version 20 for windows. The results of research suggests that enterprenurial competence, farmers institutional and government support positive and significant affected to productivity of cocoa, either simultaneous and parsial. Enterpreneurial competence variable was the most dominant affected on farmers cocoa productivity in Polewali Mandar. This matter because the competency of farmers is the main ability owned by farmers in managing the land and doing the treatment of cocoa. The ability of farmer about how to manage the land, how to fertilizer, how to using insecticide in right and good well managed cocoa management coupled with innovation and creativity will increase the productivity of cocoa.
The Influence Of Farmer Entrepreneurship And Organizational Competence On Cacao Productivity
Authors: Hidayat Muhammad , Echdar Saban
Published: September 2018

This study aimed to determine and analyzing the effect of the enterpreneurial competencies, farmers institutional and government support on productivity of cocoa farmers in Polewali Mandar, West of Sulawesi. The benefits of this research are (1) as a information for the various parties, especially in Polewali Mandar district to take wisdom strategic to the empowerment of cocoa farmers to their territory with effort to improve the entrepreneurial competences , farmer institutional, and government to improve productivity of cocoa. (2) Contributed to the next study that interested in discussing problems about productivity of cocoa, (3) as point of reference to increased productivity cocoa farmers in West of Sulawesi, especially in the district of Polewali Mandar. This study is descriptive research, data collecting used interview and questionnaires. The population of this study is the cocoa farmers in Polewali Mandar as much as 35.000 and take the sample of in purposive and random sampling with the number of samples 100 respondent. Data was analiyzed using multiple regression analysis processed by SPSS software version 20 for windows. The results of research suggests that enterprenurial competence, farmers institutional and government support positive and significant affected to productivity of cocoa, either simultaneous and parsial. Enterpreneurial competence variable was the most dominant affected on farmers cocoa productivity in Polewali Mandar. This matter because the competency of farmers is the main ability owned by farmers in managing the land and doing the treatment of cocoa. The ability of farmer about how to manage the land, how to fertilizer, how to using insecticide in right and good well managed cocoa management coupled with innovation and creativity will increase the productivity of cocoa.
A hitchhiker’s guide to assessing young people’s motor competence: Deciding what method to use
Authors: Bardid Farid , Vannozzi Giuseppe , Logan Sam , Hardy Louise , Barnett Lisa M
Published: September 2018

Objectives: To offer a user’s guide to select appropriate measures of motor competence for children and adolescents.Design: Expert consensus among a working group of the International Motor Development Research Consortium.Methods: The guide provides information on objective (motion devices and direct observation) and subjective (self-reports and proxy reports) methods for assessing motor competence among children and adolescents. Key characteristics (age group, sample size, delivery mode, assessment time, data output, data processing) as well as limitations and practical considerations (e.g., cost, sources of error) with regard to each method are included in this paper. We do not recommend specific instruments, rather a guide to assist health researchers interested in assessing children’s motor competency. Results: A decision flow chart was developed to support practitioners and researchers in selecting appropriate methods for measuring motor competence in young people. Real-life scenarios are presented to illustrate the use of different methods in research and practice.Conclusions: Policy makers, practitioners and researchers should consider the strengths and limitations of each method when measuring motor competence in children and adolescents. This will allow them to choose the most appropriate instrument(s) that meets their needs.
Treatment of Warts by Immunotherapy Using Purified Protein Derivative
Authors: Choudhary Dilip , Piya Silviya
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Spontaneous clearance of warts has been reported with the development of cell mediated immunity. Various antigens and vaccines have been used for the non specific stimulation of cell mediated immunity and purified protein derivative (PPD) is one of them.Objective: To assess the effectiveness of intralesional PPD injection for the clearance of cutaneous warts.Methodology: This is an open labeled study and non-probability sampling method was used for enrolling the cases. Patients with cutaneous warts were injected with PPD intralesionally (2.5 TU) at an interval of 2 weeks for a total of five sessions and they were followed for 6 months after they received the last session therapy.Results: A total of 52 patients,29 males and 23 females, were enrolled in the study and among them 28 patients had verruca vulgaris,12 patients had verruca plantaris, 9 patients had periungual wart and 3 patients had verruca plana. Total clearance of warts was seen in 78.8%(41) of patients, however 21.2% (11) patient did not respond to the therapy. Most of the patients tolerated the therapy well and few of them had mild side effects like erythema, pain and oedema at the site of injection.Conclusion: Immunotherapy with intralesional injection of PPD is a safe and effective way to treat cutaneous warts with good response rate.  BJHS 2018;3(2)6: 463-467.
Conservation of Biodiversity in Taiwan
Authors: Chou Chang-Hung , Tang Hsiao-Yu
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2016) 10: 1–5
Material einsparen, EBIT steigern
Authors: Hambsch Katja , Köhler Jochen , Münch Martin , Samac Kristin
Published: September 2018

Kurzfassung

Rohstoffe und Materialien stellen bei Industrieunternehmen häufig den größten Kostenblock dar. Daher lässt sich mit einer Erhöhung der Materialeffizienz direkt ein positiver Einfluss auf das Ergebnis realisieren. Trotz dieser Ergebniswirkung steht die Materialeffizienz bei vielen Unternehmen nicht im Fokus. Mit diesem Beitrag wird anhand eines Praxisbeispiels aufgezeigt, welche ergebniswirksamen Einsparungen möglich sind und ein Lösungsansatz beschrieben. Dieser beinhaltet ein zielgerichtetes Vorgehen inkl. Methoden um Unternehmen aus verschiedenen Branchen und mit unterschiedlichen Herausforderungen zum Ziel „Materialeffizienz“ zu begleiten.
Ein Beitrag zur Modellierung des thermischen Umgebungseinflusses an Werkzeugmaschinen
Authors: Brecher Christian , Kneer Reinhold , Spierling Robert , Frekers Yona , Fey Marcel
Published: September 2018

Kurzfassung

Das thermo-elastische Verhalten von Werkzeugmaschinen hat großen Einfluss auf ihre Arbeitsgenauigkeit. Die Wärmeübertragung zwischen Anlage und Umgebung ist ein wichtiger Einflussfaktor. Die Beschreibung des Phänomens mittels künstlicher neuronaler Netze auf Basis von Temperaturmessungen ist bisher unzureichend. Dieser Beitrag leitet auf Basis zweier repräsentativer Fälle zusätzliche Messgrößen ab, um die Beschreibungsqualität hinreichend zu verbessern.
Sacred Mythology and the Bahá’í Faith
Authors: Collins William
Published: September 2018

Myths are metaphors that convey truth about the indescribable through powerful images and experiences. The mythological models synthesized by Joseph Campbell, such as the monomyth with its attendant metaphysical. cosmological, sociological, and psychological purposes, underscore the fundamental unity of human spiritual experience. The Bahá’í Faith employs three significant spiritual verities to fulfil the purposes of myth and to open for all Bahá’í the full depth and range of the world’s mythologies: The unknowable nature of the Ultimate Mystery; the relativity of religious/mythological truth; and the necessity of science and investigation of reality. The Bahá’í Faith also possesses a sacred drama—history as myth—from which the Bahá’í community takes its signposts for individual and collective development. All of these aspects of Bahá’í mythology are the basis for a coherent mythological landscape through which each human being must travel. The mythological universe created by Bahá’u’lláh frees the soul to experience and understand all mythologies, to explore and be awed by the physical universe understood by science and reason, and to undertake the universal adventure through which all may becomefully human.
Hinduism and the Bahá’í Faith by Moojan Momen
Authors: Pearson Anne
Published: September 2018

Moojan Momen's short book Hinduism and the Baha'i Faith is a welcome addition to the growing secondary literature on the Baha'i Faith and its relation to other world religions. It is especially welcome because until now there has been virtually nothing substantive written about the connection between Hinduism and the Baha'i Faith, and, as Momen notes at the end of his book, India currently has the largest Baha'i community in the world. The vast majority of Indian Baha'is were formerly Hindus.
Review of Bibliography of English-Language Works on the Bábí and Bahá’í Faiths 1844-1985 by William P. Collins
Authors: Dahl Roger
Published: September 2018

Book ReviewAuthor: William P. CollinsPublished: George Ronald, Oxford, 1990, 521 pages
Women in Art
Authors: Atkinson Anne
Published: September 2018

Though creativity has often been associated with women, historically and in the present there have been many impediments to achievement by women in art. Often relegated to the role of the “muse,” women have been expected to inspire men’s creativity but not develop their own. Household responsibilities, the rearing of children, poverty, and lack of education, support, and encouragement have been among the reasons there have been few “great” women artists. Often work by women was never discovered, was published or presented anonymously, or was credited to a male. The Bahá’í writings state that women should receive equal opportunities for education, should participate in all avenues of human endeavor, and should become proficient in the arts and sciences. Men are called upon to affirm that the capacity of women is equal to and even greater than theirs, in order to foster the development of women. In a world in which both sexes are free to express their creativity, great advances will be made.
Decolonizing Development in Diné Bikeyah
Authors: Yazzie Melanie K.
Published: September 2018

In this article, I examine the anti-capitalist and antidevelopment politics that Diné resisters espouse in their critiques of resource extraction in the Navajo Nation. I argue that existing anthropological and historical studies about Diné resistance minimize the specifically anti-capitalist character of this resistance by erasing the capitalist underpinnings of development. I draw from Indigenous feminists, Native studies scholars, and Diné land defenders to argue that development in the form of resource extraction is a violent modality of capitalism that seeks to kill Diné life. In response to this death drive, Diné resisters have created a politics of relational life to challenge and oppose development. I examine the historical and material conditions that have given rise to this politics of relational life and suggest its central role in invigorating anticapitalist decolonization struggles.
PERAN DAN KEDUDUKAN GURU DALAM MASYARAKAT
Authors: Rahadian Dian
Published: September 2018

Dalam lingkungannya (masyarakat umum dan sekolah), guru merupakan teladan yang patutdicontoh dalam kehidupan mereka sehari-hari. Hal ini menuntut kemampuan sosial gurudengan masyakat, sebagai upaya mewujudkan proses pembelajaran yang efektif dan akanmempengaruhi hubungan sekolah dengan masyarkat lebih baik lagi. Namun, tidak sedikitstigma negatif dan bahkan melemahkan citra guru, baik sebagai opini maupun berita yangmuncul di media massa. Dalam kondisi seperti ini dibutuhkan sikap adil, baik dari gurumaupun masyarakat secara umum, yang menunjukkan identitas dan karakter guru sebagaiprofesional dan anggota masyarakat yang edukatif.Kompetensi sosial guru tidak bisa dipahami secara general, tapi lebih spesifik dantergantung kelompok sosial yang ada di masyarakat. Kompetensi sosial terintegrasi dalamprofesi guru. Guru profesional secara otomatis akan mampu mengembangkan kompetensisosialnya. Salah satu indikator kompetensi sosial guru adalah kemampuan guru dalammenunjukkan kedudukan dan perannya di masyarakat, baik dengan ketokohannya,hubungannyan dengan setiap level strata sosial yang ada di masyarakat sertaproduktivitasnya sebagai masyarakat intelektual.Untuk meningkatkan profesionalitas dan mengembangkan kompetensi sosial guru, perludipertimbangkan tugas guru untuk berperan lebih aktif dan produktif dalam lingkunganmasyarakatnya. Waktu untuk menjalankan kewajiban guru sebagai profesional tidakdihabiskan dengan tatap muka bersama peserta didik d ruang kelas, melainkan denganpenguatan kedudukan dan perannya di masyarakat.
PERANCANGAN GAME BUDAYAKU INDONESIAKU MENGGUNAKAN METODE MDLC
Authors: Nurdiana Dian , Suryadi Andri
Published: September 2018

Penggunaan game telah menjadi bagian dalamkehidupan sehari-hari. Di Indonesia ,Sebagai sebuah media,game sendiri telah menciptakan gaya belajar yang baru. Gameedukasi selalu dikembangkan berdasarkan kurikulum yangdikemas dalam tema game itu sendiri. Game saat ini sangatdiminati oleh berbagai kalangan khususnya anak-anak.Ketertarikan anak-anak pada game dapat dijadikan sebagaisarana edukatif untuk peningkatan kemampuan anak-anakcontohnya dibidang . Budayaku Indonesiaku dikembangkandengan media flash bertujuan menguji keterampilan dalambentuk game edukasi. Game ini ditujukan untuk jenjang TKsampai dengan SD. Untuk meningkatkan minat anak dalambermain, maka ditambahkan fitur artificial intelligence (AI)didalam game. Penerapan artificial intelligence diharapkandapat menambah kesenangan bermain dan menambah variasipada game.
Pengembangan Aplikasi Timbangan Berat Produk
Authors: Setiawan Fery , Fajarianto Otto , Firdaus Ali
Published: September 2018

Dalam dunia industri pemanfaatan timbangan sangatlah penting untuk mengukur suatu kebutuhan produksi. Keakuratan data timbangan sangat mempengaruhi berapa banyak bahan baku yang dibutuhkan dalam menghasilkan suatu produk. Pencatatan hasil timbangan yang masih manual menggunakan alat tulis sering mengakibatkan operator timbangan salah memasukkan nilai bruto dan netto. Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang akurat dari timbangan tersebut maka dibutuhkan suatu sistem yang dapat merekam setiap bahan yang akan di timbang secara real time. Perekaman data timbangan secara real time dapat mengurangi kesalahan pencatatan operator dalam memasukan nilai bruto dan neto. Metode Prototype digunakan untuk membuat tahapan dalam pengerjaan sistem tersebut. Proses yang dilakukan dimulai dari pengumpulan data melalui pengecekan ke lapangan melihat hasil pencatatan timbangan dan melakukan interview atau memberikan beberapa pertanyaan kepada bagian operator terhadap kendala yang sering terjadi. Dari data tersebut diolah sebagai dasar kebutuhan user terhadap sistem. Tahap terakhir pembuatan aplikasi dan implementasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sistem yang dapat membantu operator agar tidak terjadi kesalahan dalam pencatatan hasil timbangan bruto dan neto. Pengambilan data timbangan tersebut akan terekam secara otomatis dan disimpan ke dalam database. Riwayat hasil dari timbangan tersebut dapat diakses oleh user dan dibuat dalam bentuk laporan
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI REKAM MEDIS RAWAT JALAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN BERORIENTASI OBJEK DI RUMAH SAKIT KHUSUS GIGI DAN MULUT (RSKGM) KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Dzulhajmi Isnaniah , Kusumadiarti Rini Suwartika
Published: September 2018

Rekam medis kedokteran gigi adalah  suatu dokumen yang sistematis mengenai riwayat perawatan kesehatan gigi seorang pasien oleh sarana pelayanan kesehatan. Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi dan Mulut (RSKGM) Kota Bandung  yang  mengkhususkan diri pada pelayanan gigi dan mulut merupakan Rumah Sakit Khusus tipe C, rumah sakit ini telah menggunakan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Rumah Sakit (SIMRS), namun rekam medis masih berupa lembaran-lembaran berkas yang harus diisi kembali baik oleh pasien yang mengisi identitas, maupun dokter/perawat yang telah selesai melakukan pemeriksaan dan tindakan. Selain itu, masalah yang sering terjadi adalah berkas yang sudah dikirimkan ke poli sering terjadi kesalahan dalam pencarian, terkadang berkas tidak ada atau pun belum sampai ke poli sehingga membuat pasien menunggu cukup lama dalam menerima pelayanan rumah sakit.  Perancangan sistem informasi rawat jalan ini menggunakan pendekatan berorientasi objek dengan penggambaran menggunakan alat bantu Unified Modelling Language (UML) dan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan Database MySQL. Diharapkan melalui perancangan ini proses pelayanan rekam medis dapat lebih efektif dan efisien.
COĞRAFYADA PEYZAJ TEORİSİ
Authors: ÖZEY Ramazan , BİLGİLİ Münür , KOCALAR Ali Osman
Published: September 2018

Bu çalışmamızda peyzajın ne olduğu ve onun teorik çerçevesini açıklamaya çalışacağız. Peyzaj, coğrafya içinde özellikle kültürel coğrafyada yaygın kullanılan bir kavramdır. Her kavram gibi peyzaj kavramı da dönüşüme uğramış, bazı anlamları silinirken yeni anlamlar kazanmıştır. Coğrafyada bu anlamların ortaya çıkışı, hakim olan yaklaşım, paradigma ve teoriler ile yakından ilişkilidir. Genelde bir disiplinde ortaya çıkan yaklaşım ya da teori, ilgili kavramların içeriğini etkileyip onları dönüştürmektedir. Bu nedenle bir disiplinde herhangi bir terim ya da kavramı bağlamında kullanmak ve açıklamak yerinde olacaktır. Peyzaj, ilk ortaya çıktığı 15. yüzyıldan günümüze kadar farklı bağlamlarda farklı disiplinlerde farklı şekillerde kullanılmıştır. Bu nedenle çalışmada peyzaj; kültürel peyzaj, nicel devrim, feminist teori, Marksist ve radikal coğrafya, hümanistik coğrafya, postmodern ve postyapısalcı yaklaşımlar, temsil ötesi teori ve aktör ağ teorisi gibi farklı yaklaşım, anlam ve teorilerle ele alınacaktır.
Protestantism in the Ukrainian socio-cultural context
Authors: Kosuha Petro
Published: September 2018

The so-called international colloquium, which took place in Kyiv on April 13-14, 1994, was attended by scientists, university professors and religious figures. In numerous reports and reports, many interesting questions were raised about the history and contemporary activities of Protestant churches in Ukraine - ECH, HVJ, ADS, and others.
Religion in the context of the social and spiritual realities of the present
Authors: Yarotskiy Petro
Published: September 2018

Such an international scientific conference took place on May 16-18, 1995 in Kyiv. Its organizers were: the Ministry of Ukraine for Matters of Nationalities, Migration and Cults, the Ukrainian Association of Religious Studies, the Institute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Department of Religious Studies), the International Christian University and the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy.
Familiarity: Origins, trends, trends
Authors: Kolodnyi Anatolii  M.
Published: September 2018

Familiarity creates its own specific continuum of spiritual life in Ukraine, becomes a notable phenomenon in the field of Ukrainian national revival. With this phrase, we identified a group of related phenomena in the spiritual life of present-day Ukraine, based on the idea of ​​a revival in one form or another of pre-Christian religion, which is considered by the organizers of the Homeland Movement as the authentic worldview of Ukrainians. It is impossible to call each of the currents of native religion a neo-religious denomination, because, first, some of them, by virtue of their belief-conceptions of monotheistic religions, do not accept such an assessment of themselves; and secondly, some of these trends are still not religiously determined, but exist at the level of some educational institutions, they appear in the form of peculiar clubs of interest; Thirdly, a number of them functions in a very limited religious space, consisting only of several communities and a relatively small number of followers.
Impact of the Polishing Suspension Concentration on Laser Damage of Classically Manufactured and Plasma Post-Processed Zinc Crown Glass Surfaces
Authors: Gerhard Christoph , Stappenbeck Marco
Published: September 2018

The laser-induced damage threshold of optics is an issue of essential importance in high-power laser applications. However, the complex and partially interacting mechanisms as well as the underlying reasons for laser damage of glass surfaces are not yet fully understood. The aim of the present work is to contribute to a better understanding of such damage mechanisms by providing original results on the impact of classical glass surface machining on the laser-induced damage threshold. For this purpose, glass samples were prepared with well-defined process conditions in terms of the used lapping and polishing agents and suspensions. Further, the samples were post-processed by atmospheric pressure plasma for precision cleaning. The laser-induced damage threshold and surface contamination by residues from the manufacturing process were determined before and after plasma post-processing. It is shown that the polishing suspension concentration has a certain impact on the laser-induced damage threshold and surface contamination by residues from used working materials. The highest damage threshold of 15.2 J/cm² is found for the lowest surface contamination by carbon which occurs in the case of the highest polishing suspension concentration. After plasma treatment for merely 60 s, this value was increased to 20.3 J/cm² due to the removal of surface-adherent carbon. The results thus imply that the laser-induced damage threshold can notably be increased by first choosing appropriate process parameters during classical manufacturing and second plasma post-processing for surface finishing.
Molecular Characterization of Histamine-Producing Psychrotrophic Bacteria Isolated from Red Octopus (Octopus maya) in Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Gullian Klanian Mariel , Delgadillo Díaz Mariana , Sánchez Solís Maria José
Published: September 2018

The present study aimed at determining the histamine production capacity of Gram (+) and Gram (−) bacteria isolated from Octopus maya, along with identifying the presence of amino acid decarboxylase genes. Of the total 80 psychrotrophic microorganisms, 32 strains were identified as histamine-forming bacteria. The recombinant DNA technique was used for genotypic identification of histidine (hdc), ornithine (odc), and lysine decarboxylases (ldc) genes. Thirty-two strains were able to produce 60–100 ppm in trypticase soy broth with 1.0% l-histidine after 6 h at 20 °C. NR6B showed 98% homology with Hafnia alvei. NR73 represented 18.8% of the total isolates and showed 98% homology with Enterobacter xianfengensis and Enterobacter cloacae. NR6A represented 6% of the total isolates, which were identified as Lactococcus sp. The hdc gen from NR6B showed 100% identity with hdc from Morganella morganii; ldc showed 97.7% identity with ldc from Citrobacter freundii. The Odc gene was detected only in NR73 and showed 100% identity with Enterobacter sp. All the isolated were identified as weak histamine–former. The ingestion of a food containing small amounts of histamine has little effect on humans; however, the formation of biogenic amines is often considered as an indicator of hygienic quality; this emphasizes the importance of improving good management practices and storage.
Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Possible Utility of Marine Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Prinzi Giulia , Santoro Alessia , Lamonaca Palma , Cardaci Vittorio , Fini Massimo , Russo Patrizia
Published: September 2018

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by long-term airflow limitation. Early-onset COPD in non-smoker subjects is ≥60 years and in the elderly is often associated with different comorbidities. Cognitive impairment is one of the most common feature in patients with COPD, and is associated with COPD severity and comorbidities. Cognitive impairment in COPD enhances the assistance requirement in different aspects of daily living, treatment adherence, and effectual self-management.This review describes various bioactive compounds of natural marine sources that modulate different targets shared by both COPD and cognitive impairment and hypothesizes a possible link between these two syndromes.
Synthesis, Structural and Thermal Studies of 3-(1-Benzyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-1H-indole (D2AAK1_3) as Dopamine D2 Receptor Ligand
Authors: Kondej Magda , Bartyzel Agata , Pitucha Monika , Wróbel Tomasz M. , Silva Andrea G. , Matosiuk Dariusz , Castro Marián , Kaczor Agnieszka A.
Published: September 2018

Compound D2AAK1_3 was designed as a modification of the lead structure D2AAK1 (an in vivo active multi-target compound with nanomolar affinity to a number of aminergic GPCRs) and synthesized in the reaction of 5-ethoxyindole and 1-benzyl-4-piperidone. This compound has an affinity to the human dopamine D2 receptor with Ki of 151 nM. The aim of these studies was the structural and thermal characterization of the compound D2AAK1_3. In particular; X-ray studies; molecular docking and molecular dynamics as well as thermal analysis were performed. The studied compound crystallizes in orthorhombic system; in chiral space group P212121. The compound has a non-planar conformation. The studied compound was docked to the novel X-ray structure of the human dopamine D2 receptor in the inactive state (PDB ID: 6CM4) and established the main contact between its protonatable nitrogen atom and Asp (3.32) of the receptor. The obtained binding pose was stable in molecular dynamics simulations. Thermal stability of the compound was investigated using the TG-DSC technique in the air atmosphere, while TG-FTIR analyses in air and nitrogen atmospheres were also performed. The studied compound is characterized by good thermal stability. The main volatile products of combustion are the following gases: CO2; H2O toluene and CO while in the case of pyrolysis process in the FTIR spectra; the characteristic bands of NH3; piperidine and indole are additionally observed.
Do CSR Activities Increase Firm Value? Evidence from the Korean Market
Authors: Chung Chune Young , Jung Sangjun , Young Jason
Published: September 2018

Corporate social responsibility has recently become a new metric of corporate performance. Some argue that corporate social responsibility should be used not only for corporate image improvement, but also as a major competitive strategy. Given this perspective, this study considers the effect of corporate social responsibility on firm value using data from all firms listed on the Korea Exchange from 2005 to 2015 that provide corporate social responsibility information. Specifically, we use the Korea Economic Justice Institution Index, which is an important metric for corporate social responsibility in Korea, to empirically analyze the relation between corporate social responsibility and firm value. Further, given the growing attention to the Korean manufacturing environment and the significant influence of the global manufacturing environment, we aim to determine the differential characteristics of manufacturing corporations using the relation between corporate social responsibility and firm value. The results strongly support a positive relation between corporate social responsibility and firm value. Furthermore, our detailed analysis of the manufacturing industry indicates some differential characteristics with respect to this relation. Overall, we find that every corporation should adopt corporate social responsibility as an active competitive strategy, taking the corporate condition into account.
Estimating Dietary Protein Intake in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: The Effect of Ethnicity
Authors: Vongsanim Surachet , Davenport Andrew
Published: September 2018

Kidney dialysis patients with sarcopenia have increased mortality. Clinical guidelines recommend peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients have a target daily protein intake to prevent sarcopenia. Protein intake is estimated from total daily urea losses in urine and peritoneal dialysate to assess the protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance rate adjusted for body weight (nPNA). Dietary habits differ among ethnic groups, so we reviewed nPNA and body composition in a multi-ethnic PD population. Body composition was measured with multifrequency bioimpedance in 598 patients (301 white, 136 black, 123 South-Asian, and 38 Asian-Pacific). South-Asians had a lower nPNA compared with white and black individuals (Randerson 0.80 ± 0.21 vs 0.88 ± 0.24 and 0.85 ± 0.24 g/kg/ day, Blumenkrantz 0.97 ± 0.14 vs 1.04 ± 0.22 and 0.99 ± 0.22 g/kg/ day, Bergström 0.87 ± 0.4 vs 0.95 ± 0.24 and 0.92 ± 0.24 g/kg/day all p < 0.001). South-Asians had lower weights (68.9 ± 14.9 vs 74.4 ± 16.6 and 73.5 ± 16.3 kg, p < 0.001), and although of similar body mass index (25.9 ± 4.9 vs 28.5 ± 4.9 and 26.5 ± 5.2 kg/m2), had both lower skeletal muscle and appendicular muscle mass indexed for height (9.08 ± 1.45 vs 9.89 ± 1.62 and 10.1 ± 1.85, p < 0.001; and 6.95 ± 1.39 vs 7.68 ± 1.48 and 7.67 ± 1.58 kg/m2 p < 0.01). South-Asian patients had a lower calculated basal metabolic rate (BMR) (1,358 ± 218 vs 1,487 ± 257 and 1,489 ± 271 kcal/day, p < 0.001).

Asian PD patients, particularly South-Asians, have lower dietary protein intakes when calculated by nPNA. However, South-Asians had lower measured muscle mass and calculated BMR. As such, dietary protein intake targets derived from studies in 1 ethnic group are not necessarily applicable for all patients, as those with less muscle mass and lower BMR may well need less daily protein intake to maintain homeostasis.
Successful Treatment of PD Peritonitis Due to Brevundimonas vesicularis
Authors: Christiadi Daniel , Singer Richard F. , Roberts Darren M.
Published: September 2018

Brevundimonas vesicularis is a rare cause of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PD peritonitis). One documented case report described poor outcome despite treatment with appropriate antibiotics. Here, we report the successful treatment of PD peritonitis due to Brevundimonas vesicularis with 21 days of intraperitoneal (IP) antibiotics using the regimen described for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, notably IP gentamicin (10 days) followed by IP cefepime and oral ciprofloxacin (11 days). Despite the favorable outcome, measurement of antibiotic concentrations in the PD effluent suggests that the cefepime and possibly ciprofloxacin regimens do not achieve key antibiotic concentration targets that are reported to maximize bacterial kill. The role of routine therapeutic drug monitoring to maximize clinical outcomes from antibiotic therapy for PD peritonitis requires further consideration.