bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penentuan Pembelajaran untuk Meningkatkan Hafalan Al-Qur’an Menggunakan Metode MFEP
Authors: Azim Fauzan , Defit Sarjon , Nurcahyo Gunadi Widi
Published: September 2020

Menghafal Al-Qur’an tidak mudah seperti yang diharapkan, tetapi perlu adanya usaha dan minat dalam meningkatkan hafalan Al-Qur’an, karena masih banyak santri/santriwati dari Pondok Pesantren Modern Diniyyah  yang masih belum bisa fokus dalam meningkatkan hafalannya karena sisebabkan berbagai hal, seperti jadwal kegiatan yang padat, timbulnya rasa malas, dan faktor-faktor lainnya. Untuk meningkatkan hafalan Al-Qur’an, banyak  metode yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan hafalan Al-Qur’an, namun masih banyak dari peserta didik yang belum memahami metode yang tepat dalam meningkatkan hafalan Al-Qur’an. Pengolahan data dalam penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif, karena penelitian ini berfokus pada proses mengidentifikasi pembelajaran yang tepat dalam meningkatkan hafalan Al-Qur’an bagi santri/santriwati di Pondok Pesantren. Sumber data dalam penelitian didapat dari data primer, data diperoleh langsung dari sumber data yakni Ustadz yang diberikan amanah sebagai penanggung jawab dalam program ini. Selain itu sumber data dalam penelitian ini sebrsifat sekunder, karena data yang didapat berupa data dalam bentuk dokumen yang terkait dalam implementasi nyata.  Selanjutnya data diolah menggukan Metode Multifactor Evaluaton Process (MFEP). MFEP adalah salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan dalam sistem pendukung keputusan yang  menggunakan ‘sistem pembobotan’ dan Penelitian ini menggunakan bahasa pemrogram VB.NET 2017 dan Mysql. Hasil perhitungan memiliki tingkat akurasi 80%, sehingga penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan hafalan Al-Qur’an.
HUMOR DAN KOMUNIKASI DAKWAH PENGEMBANGAN MASYARAKAT ISLAM
Authors: Muniruddin Muniruddin
Published: September 2020

Pembahasan ini meneliti corak dan fungsi humor dalam komunikasi dakwah dalam pengembangan masyarakat Islam. Tidak asing lagi mayoritas masyarakat pada umumnya menginginkan komunikasi itu diselingi atau disisipi dengan humor, sehingga seperti sebuah makanan mempunyai bumbu yang enak untuk dimakan, dan setelah audiens merasa senang dan terhibur tentu selanjutnya mereka akan mengambil perhatian penuh dari komunikan yang sedang memberikan wejangan dalam bentuk tujuan komunikasi dakwah yang diterapkannya. Masyarakat islam pada umumnya kelas menengah ke bawah dalam bidang ekonominya, masyarkat banyak bekerja di daerah pertanian, nelayan, guru, bisnis, perkantoran dan lain sebagainya. Dalam mengelola pekerjaan sering menimbulkan lelah, jenuh dan mendapat kesulitan kesulitan. Dengan adanya isian rohani lewat pendengaran dari komunikasi yang berbentuk dakwah uang humoris dapat merangsang dan menghibur masyarakat sekaligus mereka mendapat tambahan ilmu pengetahuan
Framing Media Dalam Pembangunan Masyarakat Islam Di Kota Medan, Studi di Surat Kabar Harian Analisa Medan
Authors: Putra Ahmad Nugraha
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini membahas tentang bagaimana media massa khususnya surat kabar analisa Medan menggunakan Framing berita untuk pembangunan masyarakat dikota Medan. Wacana pembangunan masyarakat Islam dikota Medan tidak hanya dilakukan dengan pembangunan infrastruktur, namun juga menggunakan pendekatan penyajian berita serta konten-konten keislaman yang berguna untuk pembangunan masyarakat.
Archives of the Sheptytskyi family in Prylbychі: reconstruction, review
of documents
Authors: Chernukhin Yevhen
Published: September 2020

The aim of the investigation is to reveal the contents and the structure of the Sheptytskyi family archives in their patrimony Prylbychi, to study the present state of documents and their proveniences. For the first time the study of 100 documents from the Sheptytskyi family archives has been carried out considering the initial systematization and the structure of the collection. The later registering of the archives documents have been studied and the complete list of survived records presented in the Supplement. The archives of Sheptytskyi in Prylbychi originated from the family papers and collection activities of John Cantius Remigius Sheptytskyi, the father of the Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi. In the archives were nearly 400 records of various proveniencies, registered by means of special stamp and ordinary numbers presumably at the end of the 19th c. Part of the Prylbychi archives, at least 100 documents, was taken by Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi to his Lviv residence, and thus escaped the extinction, while the mansion in Prylbychi was burnt by the Soviet invaders in 1939. After 1944 this part of the Prylbychi archives was confiscated along with the documents of the «Unia Historical Archives» and other Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church documentation. Since 1960 a part of these materials is known as the Fond 18 in the Central Academic Library of Ukraine in Kyiv. Nearly a half of Prylbychi archives units are old parchments dating to the 14th-17th cc. Among the others documents there are autographs of the kings and imperators, high rank European aristocracy and goverment officials, personal privileges, certificates, notarial deeds, etc.

Keywords: Sheptytskyi family, Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi, Prylbychi, «Unia Historical Archives».
To the question of the relationship between the brothers of Sheptytskyi and the Jews
Authors: Matkovskyy Ivan
Published: September 2020

The history of relations of the Sheptytskyj family and the Jewish people reaches back to those remote times when the representatives of the Sheptytskyi lineage held high and honorable secular and clerical posts, and the Jews, either upon invitation of King Danylo of Halych or King Casimir the Great, began to build up their own world in Halychyna.

Throughout the whole life of Metropolitan Sheptytskyi and Blessed Martyr Klymentii, a thread of cooperation with the Jews is traceable.

It should be noted that heroic deeds of the Sheptytskyi Brothers to save Jews during the Second World War were not purely circumstantial: they were preceded by a long-standing deep relationship with representatives of Jewish culture. In addition, the sense of responsibility of the Spiritual Pastor, as advocated by the Brothers, extended to all people of different religions and genesis with no exception.

The world-view principles of Metropolitan Sheptytskyi are important for us in order to understand what was going on in the then society in attitude to the Jews. Also, of importance is the influence of the Metropolitan on Kasymyr Sheptytskyi, later Fr. Klymentii, because the Archbishop was not only his Brother, but also a church authority and the leader. And if from under the Metropolitan Sheptytskyi’s pen letters and pastorals were published, they were directives, instructions, edifications and explanations for the faithful and the clergy, and not at all, the products of His own reflections or personal experiences, which Archbishop Andrey wanted to share with the faithful.

On the grounds of the available archive materials, an effort to reconstruct the chief moments of those relations was undertaken, aiming among others, to illustrate the fact that the saving of Jews during the Holocaust was not incidental, nor with any underlying reasons behind, but a natural manifestation of a good Christian tradition of «Love thy Neighbor», to which the Sheptytskyj were faithful.

Keywords: Andrey Sheptytskyi, the Blessed Hieromartyr Klymentii Sheptytskyi, Jews, the Holocaust, Galicia, Righteous Among the Nations.
Reminder dengan Short Message Service (SMS) Untuk Meningkatkan Kepatuhan Kunjungan K4 dan Kemampuan Deteksi Dini Tanda Bahaya Ibu Hamil Trimester III
Authors: Ummah Dewi Afidatul , Kostania Gita , Rosalina Rosalina
Published: September 2020

Background: Low K4 rate coverage and management of complications in pregnancy is a problem in Klaten, caused by lack of information and motivation in antenatal care. Short Message Service (SMS) can be used as a support intervention to increase information. This research aims to determine effects of SMS toward K4 compliance and screening danger sign ability among third trimester pregnancy in Wedi Public Health Center. Methods: type of research is a quasy experimental with post-test only non-equivalent control group. The sampling technique used Quota sampling, obtain 52 respondents in the third trimester of pregnancy. Data analysis techniques used Mann Whitney and Chi Square with a significance level of 0.05. Result: K4 compliance of pregnancy could be classified as disobedient of 59,6% and screening danger sign ability among third trimester pregnancy is considered relatively of 53.8%. SMS had a strong impact toward K4 compliance with a p value= 0,002 (p<0,05). SMS also affected screening danger sign ability among third trimester pregnancy with a p value = 0.001 (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is significant effects between SMS toward K4 compliance and screening danger sign ability among third trimester pregnancy in Wedi Pubic Health Center, Klaten Regency.
Perbandingan Antara Kompres Hangat dan Akupressure untuk Menurunkan Nyeri Punggung Bawah Ibu Hamil Trimester III
Authors: Sari Lutfiana Puspita , Pratama Morista Citra , Kuswati Kuswati
Published: September 2020

Background: Lower back pain is discomfort under costa and top of the gluteal inferior that experienced by 70% pregnant women in Indonesia. Warm compresses increase oxygenation and acupressure provides balance to the body. Aim this study is to analyze the effect of warm compresses and acupressure on lower back pain in third trimester pregnant women. Methods: This research uses pre-experimental design with pretest-posttest group design. It is used Purposive Sampling with 30 third trimester of pregnant woman as respondent. Bivariate analysis use the shapiro wilk by comparing pre and posttests using paired t test. Meanwhile, to compare the effect of warm compresses and acupressure by using independent t test.Results: Bivariate analysis showed that p value of warm compresses is 0.00 with the difference of mean is 2,3. While, p value of acupressure is 0.00, with the difference of mean is 1,2. Conclusion: There is an effect of warm compresses and acupressure on lower back pain in the third trisemeter of pregnant women.
Perbedaan Kualitas Seksual pada Wanita Akseptor KB Hormonal dengan KB Non-Hormonal
Authors: Nurmayani Winda , Mulianingsih Misroh , Suarnaya Ni Ketut Ika Mustika
Published: September 2020

Background: Sexual intercourse in the family is the peak of harmony, therefore both parties must be able to enjoy it together. Sex dissatisfaction can lead to differences of opinion, disputes and ultimately divorce. Hormonal contraception has side effects, one of which is an imbalance of the hormones estrogen and progesterone which can cause changes in sexual activity. Each type of family planning has its own side effects, but in most cases a decrease in sexual desire is a side effect that can be found in every use of the type of family planning. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in sexual quality in female hormonal and non-hormonal family planning acceptors.Methods: Descriptive analytic type of research with a comparative design using the Case Control approach, a sample of 68 Wus which is a hormonal and non-hormonal family planning acceptor. Simple Random Sampling sampling technique and observation sheet instrument and SQOL-F questionnaire. This research uses Chi Square data analysis.Results: Chi Square Continuity Corrections test results showed significant results P = 0.000 (P <0.1), meaning that P value 0.000 is smaller than 0.1 there are differences in sexual quality in female hormonal and non-hormonal KB acceptors.Conclusion: Most non-hormonal family planning acceptors have good sexual qualities while hormonal birth control acceptors mostly have moderate sexual quality.
Synthesis of 1,4-benzothiazinones from acylpyruvic acids or furan-2,3-diones and o-aminothiophenol
Authors: Stepanova Ekaterina E , Dmitriev Maksim V , Maslivets Andrey N
Published: September 2020

Two synthetic approaches to enaminones fused to 1,4-benzothiazin-2-one moiety, which can be interesting in studies on biological activity, chemosensors, and fluorescence, were developed via the reaction of furan-2,3-diones or acylpyruvic acids in the presence of carbodiimides with o-aminothiophenols. The target enaminones were formed together with pharmaceutically interesting 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3(4H)-ones. A selective synthetic approach to 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3(4H)-ones was developed via the solvent-switchable reaction of furan-2,3-diones with o-aminothiophenol. Preliminary biological assays (antimicrobial, acute toxicity) of the new compounds were carried out.
KOLABORASI GURU-DOSEN DALAM PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Sukatiman Sukatiman , Roemintoyo Roemintoyo , H Chundakus , Akhyar M. , Sutikno Sutikno , Suwarno Suwarno
Published: September 2020

Lecturers have broad autonomy in developing instructional. With the characteristics possessed by these lecturers, collaboration between lecturers (team teaching) is a challenge that is sometimes not easy. However, in vocational learning, lecturer cooperation in learning is something that cannot be avoided. In the Classroom Action Research to SMK, researchers collaborated at partner schools of SMKN 5 Surakarta and SMKN I Mondokan Sragen. The type of research used is ethnographic research, which is a qualitative observation method used in social science that focuses on field studies and their interactions, and sees everything as unique. The method used in conducting the evaluation is the equivalent test, which is a test that aims to measure its reliability identically with the reference test. The conclusion that can be drawn in this PDS program is to complement each other's strengths and weaknesses in organizing the learning process for SMK. Pamong teachers who work together are senior teachers who have eaten a lot of salt in their teaching. Pamong teachers have adequate competence in teaching and educating students, on the other hand, senior teachers have limitations in developing learning innovations. This is where the role of PDS lecturers in completing the shortage of teachers. The innovation that the lecturers did was to provide guidance using e-learning in learning at SMK. This e-learning has many advantages in learning the millennial generation. By maintaining student motivation, the learning objectives will be better achieved.
KONSEP DA’WAH POLITIK MOHAMMAD NATSIR
Authors: Fadlilah Siti Nur
Published: September 2020

Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana konsep da’wah politik Mohammad Natsir dengan menggunakan Metode Historis Deskriptif. Metode Penelitian : Kualitatif, Hasil Penelitian : Konsep Da’wah Politik M.Natsir  diaplikasikan dalam satu khittah (garis perjuangan) melalui tiga lapangan  yaitu lapangan parlementer dan perwakilan (legislatif), lapangan pemerintahan (eksekutif) dan lapangan pembinaan ummat. Di lapangan parlementer, M.Natsir berusaha agar segala urusan-urusan yang mengenai kepentingan kehidupan ummat diputuskan dan diselesaikan dengan dasar musyawarah. Di lapangan pemerintahan M.Natsir menyalurkan aspirasinya dalam menerapkan politik yang berasaskan Islam, salah satunya adalah menyampaikan aspirasi umat Islam, agar Islam menjadi dasar negara. Dalam bidang pembinaan umat, M.Natsir bergerak melalui pendidikan, sesuai dengan rumusan sistem pendidikan nasional memperjuangkan adanya undang-undang wajib belajar bagi semua warganegara, hal ini sejalan dengan ajaran Islam bahwa menuntut Ilmu adalah sebuah kewajiban setiap muslim dan Muslimah.
A new subterranean species and an updated checklist of Strumigenys (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Macao SAR, China, with a key to species of the Greater Bay Area
Authors: Brassard François , Leong Chi-Man , Chan Hoi-Hou , Guénard Benoit
Published: September 2020

In the past few decades, sampling of leaf litter with Winkler extractors revealed how abundant and ubiquitous ants from the genus Strumigenys are. It is now known that this genus has the third greatest number of species within the Formicidae family. However, very few subterranean species are known, which may be due to the current under-sampling of the soil stratum. Here, a holistic sampling approach, including the use of subterranean traps, was employed in Macao SAR, China. Subterranean traps allowed the collection of a new cryptic ant species: Strumigenys subterranea Brassard, Leong & Guénard, sp. nov. Moreover, extensive sampling of the leaf litter in secondary forests provided four new species records for the genus. The list of Macanese Strumigenys is here updated, elevating the known diversity in Macao to nine species. Furthermore, to facilitate further research on ants of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, a key to the 29 Strumigenys species known from the region is provided. Lastly, recommendations for sampling methods to assess ant biodiversity underground are discussed. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of using extensive sampling methods, and suggests that relatively small patches of secondary forests within cities can hold a surprisingly high diversity as well as some undescribed species.
Five new subterranean amphipods of the genus Pseudocrangonyx from Korea (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Pseudocrangonyctidae)
Authors: Jung Tae Won , Kim Jong Guk , Kim Min-Seop , Yoon Seong Myeong
Published: September 2020

Although the majority of the species belonging to the genusPseudocrangonyxAkatsuka & Komai, 1922 are found among the subterranean fauna of eastern Asia, the taxonomic knowledge is very poor and only four species have been recorded in Korea. In this study, the morphology of the stygobitic pseudocrangonyctid amphipods from Korean subterranean waters was examined and five new species were identified:Pseudocrangonyx concavussp. nov.has a characteristic emarginated posteroventral margin of epimeral plate 3;Pseudocrangonyx gracilipessp. nov.differs from other pseudocrangonyctids by the slender and elongated pereopods and more produced posterodistal corner of epimeral plate 3.Pseudocrangonyx crassussp. nov.shows the expanded peduncular articles and a reduced flagellum of antenna 2.Pseudocrangonyx minutussp. nov.is distinguished by more reduced pleopod articles compare to other pseudocrangonyctids.Pseudocrangonyx villosussp. nov.has the more setose bases of pereopods 3 and 4. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are presented for these five new species.
An Analysis of Trends in National Residency Matching Program Match Data for Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Rynecki Nicole , Para Ashok , Gantz Owen , Coban Daniel , Gala Zachary , Gupta Raghav , Adeeb Nimer , Ippolito Joseph A. , Ruskin Jeremy , Beebe Kathleen S.
Published: September 2020

Due to electronic residency applications, US Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 scores are frequently used by orthopedic surgery program directors to screen applicants. Prospective applicants therefore often use Step 1 scores as a proxy for specialty competitiveness. The goal of this investigation was two-fold: (1) to determine whether trends in Step 1 scores are indicative of trends in competitiveness of orthopedic surgery and (2) to report the characteristics that optimize a US medical student's match success. A retrospective review of published National Resident Matching Program data from 2009 to 2018 was performed for orthopedic surgery residency applicants. Additional data from the Charting Outcomes reports were used for specific analyses of applicant characteristics. From 2009 to 2018, the number of orthopedic surgery residency positions grew at an annual rate of 1.51% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37% to 1.64%;
P
<.001), accommodating the 1.26% (95% CI, 0.63% to 1.90%;
P
=.006) annual increase in the number of applicants who ranked orthopedic surgery as their preferred specialty choice (only choice or first choice). There were no significant changes in the applicant-to-position ratio (95% CI, −0.85% to 0.37%;
P
=.483) or the match rate for US seniors who ranked orthopedic surgery as their preferred choice (95% CI, −0.23% to 0.87%;
P
=.313). Increases in mean Step 1 scores of matched orthopedic surgery applicants parallel national Step 1 growth trends (0.49% vs 0.44%, respectively). Although orthopedic surgery is currently a competitive specialty to match into, this has been the case since 2009. Increasing Step 1 scores of matched applicants is not unique to orthopedic surgery and should not be misinterpreted as a proxy for increasing competitiveness of the specialty. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(6):e616–e622.]
Simultaneous Bilateral Carpal and Cubital Tunnel Releases: Quadruple Tunnel Release
Authors: Prud'homme B. Joseph , Sraj Shafic
Published: September 2020

The authors retrospectively reviewed the first 30 patients who underwent bilateral simultaneous carpal and cubital releases (quadruple tunnel release). Patients were asked to complete a questionnaire over the phone regarding their satisfaction with the procedures and willingness to make the same choice of bilateral carpal and cubital releases simultaneously, as well as the time to return to unrestricted use. Of 24 patients who responded to the questionnaire, 23 (95.8%) were satisfied or highly satisfied with their care, and 23 (95.8%) would again choose to have release of the 4 tunnels simultaneously. Time to unrestricted use in this patient cohort averaged 27 days. Quadruple tunnel release is technically feasible and well tolerated. This procedure has the potential to save considerable amounts of recuperation time and is less expensive than performing 4 individual procedures for patients who have bilateral carpal and bilateral cubital tunnel syndrome. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(6):e592–e594.]
Nonoperative Treatment of Periprosthetic Humeral Shaft Fractures After Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Ragusa Paul S. , Vadhera Amar , Jang Jessica M. , Ali Iman , McFarland Edward G. , Srikumaran Uma
Published: September 2020

Few studies report on periprosthetic humeral shaft fractures after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). The authors evaluated outcomes of 5 patients with this complication who were initially treated nonoperatively. Of 152 patients who underwent RTSA at the authors' institution from 2012 to 2017, 4 experienced periprosthetic humeral shaft fractures. One patient was referred to the authors for fracture treatment. All 5 patients were initially treated nonoperatively. The mean duration of follow-up was 11.5 months (range, 1.5–26 months). The authors analyzed time to fracture union, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score, visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain, and active shoulder range of motion. Fracture union occurred in 4 patients treated nonoperatively at a mean of 4.4 months. Mean SANE score was 55 of 100 (range, 20–85). Mean VAS score was 3.4 of 10 (range, 0–8). Mean forward elevation was 83° (range, 45°–110°); mean abduction was 65° (range, 45°–80°); and mean external rotation with the arm at the side was 15° (range, 0°–30°). Many factors must be considered when customizing treatment for patients with periprosthetic fracture after RTSA. This case series indicates that nonoperative treatment of postoperative periprosthetic humeral shaft fractures can be successful. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(6):e553–e560.]
Superior Rectus Transposition With Medial Rectus Recession Versus Medial Rectus Recession in Esotropic Duane Retraction Syndrome
Authors: Abdallah Mohamed E. I. , Eltoukhi Elsayed M. , Awadein Ahmed R. , Zedan Rasha H.
Published: September 2020

Purpose:

To compare the results of augmented superior rectus transposition (with or without medial rectus recession) with simple medial rectus recession in the treatment of patients with esotropic Duane retraction syndrome.

Methods:

This was a prospective, randomized, and interventional comparative study of 20 patients with esotropic type 1 Duane retraction syndrome. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the first group (superior rectus transposition group), superior rectus transposition with or without medial rectus recession was performed. In the second group (non-superior rectus transposition group), unilateral medial rectus recession was performed.

Results:

Each group included 10 patients. Esotropia improved from 20.4 prism diopters (PD) preoperatively to 0.6 PD postoperatively in the superior rectus transposition group and from 22.5 PD preoperatively to 0.9 PD postoperatively in the non-superior rectus transposition group. Face turn improved from 11.5° preoperatively to 0.5° postoperatively in the superior rectus transposition group and from 12° preoperatively to 1.5° postoperatively in the non-superior rectus transposition group. Abduction improved in the superior rectus transposition group from −3.9 preoperatively to −3.1 postoperatively and from −3.9 preoperatively to −3.6 postoperatively in the non-superior rectus transposition group. Vertical deviation developed in two cases in the superior rectus transposition group.

Conclusions:

Both superior rectus transposition and medial rectus recession are effective in the elimination of esotropia and face turn in patients with esotropic Duane retraction syndrome. Superior rectus transposition is more effective in improving abduction, but it can be complicated by vertical deviation.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57(5):309–318.]
Interobserver Variability for Measurement of Grating Acuity in Preverbal and Nonverbal Children Using Lea Grating Paddles
Authors: Deshmukh Ajinkya Vivekrao , Gandhi Uppal Vipul , Morakhia Pankti , Mohamed Ashik , Badakere Akshay , Kekunnaya Ramesh
Published: September 2020

Purpose:

To study interobserver variability for measurement of grating acuity in preverbal and nonverbal children with developmental delay using Lea Grating Paddles (Lea Hyvärinen).

Methods:

In this prospective study, preverbal patients younger than 3 years and older nonverbal patients (with developmental delay) were included. Those with poor neck holding were excluded. Binocular and monocular visual acuity assessment was done simultaneously using Lea Grating Paddles by two examiners who were blinded from each other's results.

Results:

Thirty-one children were tested (19 [61.29%] males and 12 [38.71%] females). The mean age was 28.5 months (range: 4 to 44 months). A total of 92% of the observations showed interobserver agreement of 0.5 octave or better in binocular testing. Results for monocular testing showed interobserver agreement (0.5 octaves or better) in 95.65% and 95.23% of right and left eyes, respectively. Combined results showed agreement better than 0.5 octaves in 94.20%. The mean binocular visual acuity was 2.07 and 2.14 cycles per degree (cpd) for the first and second observer, respectively (
P
= .59). Similarly, the mean monocular visual acuity for the right and left eyes was 0.98 and 0.97 cpd for observer 1 and 0.89 and 0.79 cpd for observer 2, respectively (
P
= .91 and .14, for the right and left eyes, respectively).

Conclusions:

Interobserver variability for grating acuity measurement using Lea Grating Paddles is minimal, signifying it to be a reliable and reproducible alternative to conventional preferential looking testing procedures.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57(5):305–308.]
Clinical Characteristics and Treatment of Secondary Glaucoma After Pediatric Congenital Cataract Surgery in a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Spain
Authors: Spiess Karina , Peralta Calvo Jesús
Published: September 2020

Purpose:

To analyze clinical characteristics, treatment, and long-term outcomes of pediatric patients with glaucoma after congenital cataract surgery at a single tertiary care hospital.

Methods:

Medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed as having glaucoma secondary to congenital cataract surgery between 1996 and 2016 were reviewed retrospectively.

Results:

A total of 58 eyes of 42 patients were included with a median follow-up time of 55 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 27 to 128) after glaucoma diagnosis. Mean time of glaucoma onset after cataract surgery was 35 months (IQR: 5 to 96). At diagnosis, 81% of the eyes were aphakic and the majority presented with an open angle (86%). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that glaucoma diagnosis was made earlier in eyes with persistent fetal vasculature (β = −0.334,
P
= .006) and aphakic eyes (β = 0.404,
P
= .001). Two-thirds of eyes required surgical treatment for glaucoma. Seventy percent had an Ahmed glaucoma valve (New World Medical, Inc) implantation as their primary procedure, followed by trabeculectomy (24%) and synechiolysis with peripheral iridotomy (6%). All medically treated eyes and 78% of the surgically treated eyes achieved intraocular pressure (IOP) control at the final visit.

Conclusions:

Diagnosis of glaucoma after congenital cataract surgery seems to follow a bimodal distribution (years 1 and 5 after cataract surgery). Two-thirds of the eyes required surgical hypotensive treatment to achieve IOP control. Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation is a safe and effective surgical option to be considered as both first- and second-line treatment. Functional outcome was more favorable in those eyes with medically controlled glaucoma.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57(5):292–300.]
Long-term Motor and Sensory Outcomes After Unilateral Lateral Rectus Recession–Medial Rectus Resection for Basic Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Mohan Kanwar , Sharma Suresh Kumar
Published: September 2020

Purpose:

To report long-term motor and sensory outcomes after unilateral lateral rectus recession–medial rectus resection for basic intermittent exotropia.

Methods:

The medical records of patients who had undergone unilateral lateral rectus recession–medial rectus resection for basic intermittent exotropia and were observed postoperatively for a minimum of 10 years were reviewed retrospectively.

Results:

A total of 41 patients were included (mean age: 6.07 ± 2.96 years; range: 3 to 17 years). The mean postoperative follow-up was 13.28 ± 3.27 years (range: 10 to 23 years). Overall, 19 patients (46%) had surgical success at their most recent follow-up visit. Age at onset of strabismus, age at surgery, strabismus duration, preoperative size of near and distance deviation, presence of stereopsis, and initial postoperative overcorrection did not predict motor outcome after surgery. Twenty-five patients (74%) achieved stereopsis. None of the 4 patients without binocular single vision preoperatively achieved stereopsis, compared to 3 of 7 patients (43%) with peripheral binocular single vision (
P
= .02). Five of 7 patients (71%) with a preoperative stereoacuity of 120 to 240 seconds of arc improved to 60 seconds of arc. Age at surgery did not predict stereopsis. Patients with a strabismus duration of 5 years or less achieved a better stereopsis.

Conclusions:

Fewer than half of the patients with basic intermittent exotropia achieved a successful long-term surgical outcome. Age at surgery, strabismus duration, preoperative stereopsis, and an initial postoperative overcorrection did not predict motor outcome. A pre-operative absence of binocular single vision indicated a poor prognosis for stereopsis. A shorter duration of strabismus predicted a better stereopsis after surgery.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57(5):326–332.]
Two-Year Outcomes Comparing Anti-VEGF Injections to Laser for ROP Using a Commercial Claims Database
Authors: Zhang Michael H. , Blair Michael P. , Ham Sandra A. , Rodriguez Sarah H.
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To report ocular and neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants treated for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a nationwide health insurance claims database.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Retrospective cohort study of 298 infants treated with laser or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection identified in the MarketScan database (2011–2017) with 2-year follow-up.

RESULTS:

A review of claims data found 298 patients with International Classification of Diseases and Common Procedural Technology codes for ROP treatment and 2 years of continuous insurance coverage. Of these, 63 infants received injections and 235 received laser. Overall, the anti-VEGF group had higher rates of underlying neurological comorbidities (35% vs. 23%;
P
= .05) and thrombocytopenia (17% vs. 8%;
P
= .02). Most ocular outcomes were similar, including retinal detachment (
P
= .87). There were higher rates of second procedures after injection (44% vs. 10%;
P
< .001). Rates of language, motor, and cognitive delays were similar. Rates of cerebral palsy were higher with injections but were not statistically significant after adjusting for comorbidities (odds ratio = 1.88;
P
= .10).

CONCLUSIONS:

The prevalence of retinal detachment after 2 years was similar comparing anti-VEGF to laser. Despite the higher rates of underlying neurologic comorbidity in the injection group, there were no differences in language, motor, or cognitive delays.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2020;51:486–493.]
Peripheral Vascular Abnormalities Detected by Fluorescein Angiography in Contralateral Eyes of Patients With Persistent Fetal Vasculature
Authors: Huang Qiujing , Xu Yu , Zhang Qi , Lyu Jiao , Chen Shuangshuang , Zhao Peiquan
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To describe peripheral retinal vascular abnormalities in the contralateral eyes of patients with unilateral persistent fetal vasculature (PFV).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Retrospective medical record review of fluorescein angiography (FA) findings of patients with unilateral PFV. Width of the temporal peripheral avascular retina in contralateral eyes was measured in disc diameters (DD). Vascular abnormalities were described.

RESULTS:

In 45 included patients, mean width of temporal peripheral avascular areas in contralateral eyes was 1.87 ± 0.71 DD. Forty-three patients (95.6%) had temporal peripheral avascular areas of 1 DD or greater in contralateral eyes, with 16 having temporal peripheral avascular areas of 2 DD or greater. Vessel shunts, vascular tortuosity and dilatation, circumferential vessels, and abnormal capillary beds in the peripheral retina were observed in 23 (51.1%) contralateral eyes of patients with unilateral PFV.

CONCLUSION:

PFV patients should undergo careful evaluations of both eyes, preferably with FA, to identify vascular changes that are not visible clinically.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2020;51:506–511.]
Effect of Aqueous Dynamics on Gas Behavior Following Retinal Reattachment Surgery
Authors: Neffendorf James E. , Guillemaut Jean-Yves , Hutter Joseph C. , Ho Jason , Williamson Tom H.
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To determine how the gas concentration in air required to achieve full postoperative vitreous cavity fill varies in different aqueous outflow states.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A mathematical model was used to estimate gas dynamics. The change in gas bubble volume over time was calculated in an eye with normal aqueous outflow, ocular hypertension (OHT), and OHT with apraclonidine treatment.

RESULTS:

The concentration required was higher for all gases to achieve a full postoperative fill in OHT eyes versus normal eyes. Optimal gas concentrations were 22.6% for SF
6
, 13.9% for C
2
F
6
, and 11.6% for C
3
F
8
. Despite this, in OHT, the fill achieved was 95%, 95%, and 94% for SF
6
, C
2
F
6
, and C
3
F
8
, respectively. With apraclonidine, percentage fill improved for all gases.

CONCLUSIONS:

This is the first study to show aqueous outflow affects bubble size and indicates eyes with reduced outflow are at risk of underfill. This can ultimately affect surgical success.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retin
a. 2020;51:522–528.]
The Expanded Clinical Spectrum of Coxsackie Retinopathy
Authors: Weiss Stephanie J. , Kovacs Kyle , Gonzalez-Gonzalez Luis A. , Thanos Aristomenis , Sarraf David , Eliott Dean , D'Amico Donald J , Papakostas Thanos D.
Published: September 2020

The authors present two cases of coxsackie retinopathy that presented with the classic findings of acute outer retinal disruption that evolved to an outer retinal scar. In these two cases, the classic lesions displayed an extramacular distribution. The authors provide detailed multimodal imaging in both cases highlighting the nature of the lesions. It is important to consider coxsackie virus infection in the differential diagnosis of extramacular lesions with outer retinal disruption. The term “unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy” should be replaced with “coxsackie retinopathy” to better align with the expanded clinical spectrum and the known etiology of this disorder.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2020;51:529–532.]
Unilateral Situs Inversus of the Optic Disc in a Patient With Retinal Arteriolar Tortuosity
Authors: Hsu Chia-Chen , Feng Kathy Ming , Chang Yun-Hsiang
Published: September 2020

Familial retinal arteriolar tortuosity (fRAT) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that is characterized by tortuosity of the second- and third-order arterioles around the posterior pole of retina. Most cases with fRAT lack associated systemic vascular abnormality. Situs inversus, a congenital anomaly, features emergence of retinal vessels from the optic nerve head in a nasal direction, usually occurs bilaterally. In this case report, the authors describe a unique case of fRAT with unilateral situs inversus.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2020;51:533–535.]
Asymptotic behavior of weak and strong solutions of the magnetohydrodynamic equations
Authors: Boldrini José Luiz , Bravo-Olivares Jonathan , Notte-Cuello Eduardo , Rojas-Medar Marko A.
Published: September 2020

We prove some results on the stability of slow stationary solutions of the MHD equations in two- and three-dimensional bounded domains for external force fields that are asymptotically autonomous. Our results show that weak solutions are asymptotically stable in time in the $ L^2 $-norm. Further, assuming certain regularity hypotheses on the problem data, strong solutions are asymptotically stable in the $ H^1 $ and $ H^2 $-norms.
Two-grid method for semiconductor device problem by mixed finite element method and characteristics finite element method
Authors: Liu Ying , Chen Yanping , Huang Yunqing , Wang Yang
Published: September 2020

The mathematical model of a semiconductor device is described by a coupled system of three quasilinear partial differential equations. The mixed finite element method is presented for the approximation of the electrostatic potential equation, and the characteristics finite element method is used for the concentration equations. First, we estimate the mixed finite element and the characteristics finite element method solution in the sense of the $ L^q $ norm. To linearize the full discrete scheme of the problem, we present an efficient two-grid method based on the idea of Newton iteration. The two-grid algorithm is to solve the nonlinear coupled equations on the coarse grid and then solve the linear equations on the fine grid. Moreover, we obtain the $ L^{q} $ error estimates for this algorithm. It is shown that a mesh size satisfies $ H = O(h^{1/2}) $ and the two-grid method still achieves asymptotically optimal approximations. Finally, the numerical experiment is given to illustrate the theoretical results.
Segmentary Lineage Organization and Conflict in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Moscona Jacob , Nunn Nathan , Robinson James A.
Published: September 2020

We test the longstanding hypothesis that ethnic groups organized around “segmentary lineages” are more prone to conflict. Ethnographic accounts suggest that in such societies, which are characterized by strong allegiances to distant relatives, individuals are obligated to come to the aid of fellow lineage members when they become involved in conflicts. As a consequence, small disagreements often escalate into larger‐scale conflicts involving many individuals. We test for a link between segmentary lineage organization and conflict across ethnic groups in sub‐Saharan Africa. Using a number of estimation strategies, including a regression discontinuity design at ethnic boundaries, we find that segmentary lineage societies experience more conflicts, and particularly ones that are retaliatory, long in duration, and large in scale.
Optimal Monitoring Design
Authors: Georgiadis George , Szentes Balazs
Published: September 2020

This paper considers a Principal–Agent model with hidden action in which the Principal can monitor the Agent by acquiring independent signals conditional on effort at a constant marginal cost. The Principal aims to implement a target effort level at minimal cost. The main result of the paper is that the optimal information‐acquisition strategy is a two‐threshold policy and, consequently, the equilibrium contract specifies two possible wages for the Agent. This result provides a rationale for the frequently observed
single‐bonus wage contracts.
Reputation Effects Under Interdependent Values
Authors: Pei Harry
Published: September 2020

A patient player privately observes a persistent state and interacts with an infinite sequence of myopic uninformed players. The patient player is either a strategic type who maximizes his payoff or one of several commitment types who mechanically play the same action in every period. I focus on situations in which the uninformed player's best reply to a commitment action depends on the state and where the total probability of commitment types is sufficiently small. I show that the patient player's equilibrium payoff is bounded below his commitment payoff in some equilibria under some of his payoff functions. This is because he faces a trade‐off between building his reputation for commitment and signaling favorable information about the state. When players' stage‐game payoff functions are
monotone‐supermodular, the patient player receives high payoffs in all states and in all equilibria. Under an additional condition on the state distribution, my reputation model yields a unique prediction on the patient player's equilibrium payoff and on‐path behavior.
A Study on Glaucoma Disease Detection with Image Processing Methods
Authors: Rawat Shashilata , Kurmi Uma Shankar
Published: September 2020

The glaucoma is a developing slow eye that effects optic nerve damage in its most common form. Once the optic nerve has been impaired, visual data is not passed to the brain and permanently visual impairment is caused. Glaucoma computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is a rising area in which medical imaging is analyzed. The CAD is a more precise approach for glaucoma detection, inspired by recent advanced imaging techniques and high-velocity computers. Laser ophthalmoscope scanning, tomography with optical coherence, and retina tomography of Heidelberg have widely used imaging techniques for detecting glaucoma. In this paper, we provide a study of glaucoma disease with its types and detection techniques. Moreover, this paper tells about image processing techniques to detect glaucoma. Variational mode decomposition has also discussed here.
Attenuation of Heavy Metals from Runoff Using Coconut Husk Adsorbent in Porous Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Rahman Kalimur , Barua Saurav , Biswas Pronab , Hossain Md. Shakhaout
Published: September 2020

In this study, a laboratory model of porous asphalt pavement was developed and tested to evaluate the performance of reducing heavy metals from the artificial stormwater runoff, which corresponded to the rainfall intensity of a subtropical monsoon climate like Bangladesh. In addition to the conventional pavement layers such as surface, base, sub-base and subgrade layers, three additional layers such as a heavy metal adsorbent layer made of locally available coconut husk, sand layer, and geotextiles were placed in the model. The pavement strength and the flow values were measured to confirm the ability of the pavement to sustain medium traffic load. Artificial stormwater was prepared by mixing standard solutions of Pb, Cr, Zn, and Cu with tap waters. Uniform artificial rainfall intensity of 0.3 L/min equivalent to a rainfall intensity of 200 mm/hour was used that infiltrated through the pavement cross section for nearly 2.50 hours. Comparing with the initial concentrations of artificial stormwater, the concentrations of heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu were reduced up to 87%, 42%, 73%, and 46%, respectively below the coconut husk layer, which indicated the better ability of reducing heavy metal by surface and coconut husk layers. Overall, Pb, Cr, Zn and Cu in the bottom of the pavement layers were reduced by 89%, 56%, 98%, and 67%, respectively. So, the developed porous asphalt pavement can be adopted as an alternative to conventional pavement after further extensive in-situ investigation at various sites.
Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) Cladding of TiC-Fe Metal Matrix Composite Coating on AISI 1020 Steel Substrate
Authors: Das Anil Kumar , Kumar Sujeet , Chaubey Mayank Kumar , Alam Waquar
Published: September 2020

TiC – Fe composite coating was produced on AISI 1020 steel by the tungsten inert gas (TIG) cladding process to increase the hardness and wear resistance properties of the substrate. In this paper authors have investigated the effect of process parameters on the microstructure and hardness value of the coated layer. In this TIG cladding process the variable parameter is only current, whereas the other parameters such as scanning speed, standoff distance, and voltage and gas flow rate are fixed. Fe and TiC powders were mixed in the proper ratio of 80wt% - 20wt% and 90wt% - 10wt% respectively. The microstructure and micro-hardness value of the samples were investigated by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Vickers micro hardness tester. The result of SEM shows the distribution of the coating powder in the cladded zone. Micro hardness profile shows the variation of the hardness value in the cladded zone as well as in the substrate. The hardness value decreases with increase in distance from top surface of the cladded layer, which is due to difference in cooling rate. Also, the hardness value of cladded layer decreases with increase in current from 140A to 150A. The maximum hardness value of cladded layer was achieved as 262 HV0.05with 140A current and composition of 90 wt.% - 10wt% (Fe - TiC), which was nearly two times higher than that of the as received AISI 1020 steel substrate. Keywords TIG, Microstructure, Micro hardness, Titanium Carbide (TiC), Iron (Fe) powder.
Experimental Investigation on Microstructural and Wear Behaviour of Dual Reinforced Particles (DRP) Aluminium Alloy Composites
Authors: Nanda Kumar Nю , Muthukumaran Natarajan
Published: September 2020

In the present scenario, the automobile industry, and aerospace industries are considerable scuffles to strive for innovative lightweight materials among manufacturing industries. They preserve their place by reducing the cost of their products and services. For this tenacity, the demand for lightweight material, low cost, and high-performance material are needed. Aluminum matrix composite is developed to fulfill and becomes an engineer’s material. Aerospace & Automobile industries are eager to introducing compound aluminum metal matrix composites due to their excellent mechanical & tribological properties which makes a reduction in the weight of the component. In this project the LM13 as the matrix material while SiC and B4C have been considered as dual reinforcement. Stir casting is the modest and inexpensive method of fabricating an aluminum matrix composite. For the Evaluation of Mechanical &Tribological behavior of DRP composite castings (LM13/B4C/SiC) selection for experimentation tests. In this paper different specimens of the MMC with LM13 Al Alloy 2wt% SiC and 2wt% B4C, 2wt% SiC and 4% B4C, 4wt% SiC, 2wt% B4C, 4wt% SiC and 4wt% B4C are taken for carried to invention out the increase in DRP in the composites will intensification the mechanical properties of the LM13 Al Alloy SiC and B4 C composite formed.