bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Injectable hydrogel-mediated combination of hyperthermia ablation and photo-enhanced chemotherapy in the NIR-II window for tumor eradication
Authors: Wang Gang , Zhang Na , Cao Ziyang , Zhang Zhenghai , Zhu Zhongming , Sun Gengyun , Jin Liangjie , Yang Xianzhu
Published: April 2021

An injectable alginate hydrogel was developed for local delivery of corn-like Au/Ag NRs and DOX for combined NIR-II PTT and chemotherapy.
Mixed-valent manganese oxide for catalytic oxidation of Orange II by activation of persulfate: heterojunction dependence and mechanism
Authors: Liu Daoqing , Li Qianwei , Hou Jinbao , Zhao Huazhang
Published: April 2021

The coexistence of aliovalent cations in manganese oxide catalysts with a suitable mole ratio accelerates the activation process of persulfate for the degradation of organic pollutants.
Dehydropolymerisation of methylamine borane using highly active rhodium(iii) bis(thiophosphinite) pincer complexes: catalytic and mechanistic insights
Authors: Hasche Patrick , Haak Julia , Anke Felix , Kubis Christoph , Baumann Wolfgang , Drexler Hans-Joachim , Jiao Haijun , Beweries Torsten
Published: April 2021

The bis(thiophosphinite) pincer complexes [(RPSCSPR)Rh(py)(H)(Cl)] (RPSCSPR= C6H4–2,6-(SPR2)2with R =iPr,2aand R = Ph,2b) are highly active precatalysts for the dehydropolymerisation of methylamine borane.
Dimethyl isosorbide via organocatalyst N-methyl pyrrolidine: scaling up, purification and concurrent reaction pathways
Authors: Annatelli Mattia , Dalla Torre Davide , Musolino Manuele , Aricò Fabio
Published: April 2021

High-yielding methylation of isosorbide via DMC chemistry promoted by N-methyl pyrrolidine is herein reported. This study addresses: DMI purification, scale-up tests, insights on the catalyst role and on the reaction pathways leading to DMI.
Formation of phosphonate coatings for improved chemical stability of upconverting nanoparticles under physiological conditions
Authors: Vozlič Maša , Černič Tina , Gyergyek Sašo , Majaron Boris , Ponikvar-Svet Maja , Kostiv Uliana , Horák Daniel , Lisjak Darja
Published: April 2021

The protection of phosphonate coatings against the dissolution of upconverting nanoparticles under physiological conditions was significantly improved by increasing the coating-synthesis temperature to 80 °C.
An unexpected in-solution instability of diiodido analogue of picoplatin complicates its biological characterization
Authors: Štarha Pavel , Drahoš Bohuslav , Herchel Radovan
Published: April 2021

Complex cis-[PtI2(NH3)(pic)] (pic = 2-methylpyridine), an iodido analogue of picoplatin, released the N-donor pic ligand in solution and isomerized, which complicates its subsequent testing for cytotoxicity.
A stable LaB6 nanoneedle field-emission point electron source
Authors: Tang Shuai , Tang Jie , Uzuhashi Jun , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Hayami Wataru , Yuan Jinshi , Takeguchi Masaki , Mitome Masanori , Qin Lu-Chang
Published: April 2021

A LaB6 nanoneedle that is fabricated using a focused ion beam shows a high reduced brightness, small energy spread, and especially high emission stability. It can now be used practically as a next-generation field-emission point electron source.
Rationally designed hierarchical C/TiO2/Ti multilayer core–sheath wires for high-performance energy storage devices
Authors: Cao Wei , Gong Yun , Wang Wenhao , Chen Mingzhou , Yang Junhe , Xue Yuhua
Published: April 2021

Unique hierarchical carbon/TiO2 nanotube/Ti (CTNT) core–sheath wires were synthesized via combining anodizing etching and CVD methods.
Transition metal-free formal hydro/deuteromethylthiolation of unactivated alkenes
Authors: Chen Shuangyang , Wang Jia , Xie Lan-Gui
Published: April 2021

A transition metal-free and methanethiol-free formal hydro/deuteromethylthiolation of unactivated alkenes has been developed.
One-shot synthesis of star gradient copolymers with controllable graft density
Authors: Hou Cuiping , Zhou Chulu , Cheng Jianhua
Published: April 2021

One-shot synthesis of star gradient copolymers with controllable graft density via ring-opening metathesis polymerization.
Two-dimensional blue phosphorene–BAs vdW heterostructure with optical and photocatalytic properties: a first-principles study
Authors: Pham Khang D. , Nguyen C. V. , Binh Nguyen T. T. , Nguyen Cuong Q. , Idrees M. , Amin B. , Nguyen Son-Tung , Hieu Nguyen V.
Published: April 2021

In this work, we investigated the electronic, optical and photocatalytic properties of a blue phosphorene–BAs (BlueP–BAs) vdW heterostructure using first-principles calculations.
A novel three-dimensional electroosmotic micromixer based on the Koch fractal principle
Authors: Xiong Siyue , Chen Xueye , Wang Jinyuan
Published: April 2021

Mixing performance of micromixers. (a) The voltage value is 0 V. (b) The voltage value is 3 V. (c) The voltage value is 10 V.
Cation folding and the thermal stability limit of the ionic liquid [BMIM+][BF4−] under total vacuum
Authors: Arroyo-Valdez J. Alberto , Viramontes-Gamboa Gonzalo , Guerra-Gonzalez Roberto , Ramos-Estrada Mariana , Lima Enrique , Rivera José L.
Published: April 2021

Snapshot of a vaporized neutral ion pair near the liquid layer of [BMIM+][BF4−] under vacuum–liquid equilibrium at 773.15 K.
Co2GeO4 nanocomposites with reduced graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes as high-performance anodes for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Nawaz Bushra , Ali Ghulam , Ullah Muhammad Obaid , Iqbal Fauzia , Iftikhar Faiza Jan , Mehboob Sheeraz , Rehman Ata-Ur , Abbas Syed Mustansar
Published: April 2021

The prepared nanocomposites show an enhanced electrochemical performance.
Benzofuran–stilbene hybrid compounds: an antioxidant assessment – a DFT study
Authors: Van Trang Nguyen , Thuy Phan Thi , Mai Thanh Dinh Thi , Son Ninh The
Published: April 2021

The kinetic reaction of the benzofuran–stilbene hybrid compound 5-(2-(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzofuran-5-yl)vinyl)benzene-1,3-diol captures the HOO˙ free radical.
Enhanced luminescence properties of Ca1+xSr2−xAl2O6:Eu3+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) red phosphors based on composition modulation
Authors: Shen Biao , Xu Jianghang , Mao Qinan , Zhong Jiasong
Published: April 2021

A series of Ca1+xSr2−xAl2O6:Eu3+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) red-emitting phosphors with adjustable optical properties and excellent quantum efficiency was developed for potential applications in warm WLEDs.
Green synthesis of new lawsone enaminones and theirZ/E(CC)-isomerization induced by organic solvent
Authors: Olyaei Abolfazl , Mohamadi Amir , Rahmani Nilufar
Published: April 2021

The synthesis of a new class of lawsone enaminone derivatives by using lawsone, triethyl orthoformate and aromatic amines in the presence of guanidinium chloride under solvent-free conditions has been developed.
Retraction: Physics of excitons and their transport in two dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors
Authors: Kaviraj Bhaskar , Sahoo Dhirendra
Published: April 2021

Retraction of ‘Physics of excitons and their transport in two dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors’ by Bhaskar Kaviraj and Dhirendra Sahoo, RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 25439–25461, DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03769a.
Correction: Application of [PVI-SO3H]NO3 as a novel polymeric nitrating agent with ionic tags in preparation of high-energetic materials
Authors: Sepehrmansourie Hassan , Zarei Mahmoud , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Mehrzad Amin , Hafizi-Atabak Hamid Reza
Published: April 2021

Correction for ‘Application of [PVI-SO3H]NO3 as a novel polymeric nitrating agent with ionic tags in preparation of high-energetic materials’ by Hassan Sepehrmansourie et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 8367–8374, DOI: 10.1039/D1RA00651G.
Correction: Wheel like supramolecular assembly of cyclam decorated gold nanoparticles induced by Cd2+
Authors: Yeluri Tanuja , Ghule Namdev V. , Bhosale Rajesh S. , Al Kobaisi Mohammad , Bhosale Sheshanath V. , Bhosale Sidhanath V.
Published: April 2021

Correction for ‘Wheel like supramolecular assembly of cyclam decorated gold nanoparticles induced by Cd2+’ by Tanuja Yeluri et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 21511–21514, DOI: 10.1039/C5RA00777A.
Multifactor theoretical modeling of solar thermal fuels built on azobenzene and norbornadiene scaffolds
Authors: Szabo Reuben , Le Khoa N. , Kowalczyk Tim
Published: April 2021

Photoisomerizing solar thermal fuels (STFs) offer a unique way of harnessing solar energy. Computational modeling toward improving STF performance requires a balanced treatment of ground- and excited-state properties.
Assessing the sugarcane bagasse and straw as a biofuel to propel light vehicles
Authors: Nicula de Castro Rubens Eliseu , Brito Alves Rita Maria , Oller Nascimento Claudio Augusto
Published: April 2021

Sugarcane lignocellulosic material being converted as a biofuel to propel light vehicles.
Passivation of triple cation perovskites using guanidinium iodide in inverted solar cells for improved open-circuit voltage and stability
Authors: Yerramilli Aditya S. , Chen Yuanqing , Alford T. L.
Published: April 2021

Inverted device architectures in perovskite research were promising for faster commercialization given the simple processing routes and choice of hole transport materials such as PEDOT:PSS.
Electron-transport-layer-free two-dimensional perovskite solar cells based on a flexible poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) cathode
Authors: Liu Zhihai , Wang Lei , Xu Chongyang , Xie Xiaoyin
Published: April 2021

We fabricated electron-transport-layer-free 2D perovskite solar cells using modified PEDOT:PSS as the cathode.
Topological data analysis of collective and individual epithelial cells using persistent homology of loops
Authors: Bhaskar Dhananjay , Zhang William Y. , Wong Ian Y.
Published: April 2021

Topology-based machine learning classifies complex spatial patterns of epithelial cells into distinct phases. The presence and stability of spatially-connected loops is an effective measure of topological similarity, even when population size varies significantly due to proliferation.
High-rate aqueous zinc-ion batteries enabled by a polymer/graphene composite cathode involving reversible electrolyte anion doping/dedoping
Authors: Xu Dongxiao , Zhang Hong , Cao Ziyi , Wang Lipeng , Ye Zhuolin , Chen Bin , Li Xuanyang , Zhu Xiaodong , Ye Mingxin , Shen Jianfeng
Published: April 2021

A cathode material prepared via the hybridization of the polymer compound POLA and graphene was designed successfully to have a long cycle life and high-rate performance for ZIBs, utilizing both Zn2+ insertion/extraction and CF3SO3− doping/dedoping.
First principles and machine learning based superior catalytic activities and selectivities for N2 reduction in MBenes, defective 2D materials and 2D π-conjugated polymer-supported single atom catalysts
Authors: Zafari Mohammad , Nissimagoudar Arun S. , Umer Muhammad , Lee Geunsik , Kim Kwang S.
Published: April 2021

The catalytic activity and selectivity can be improved for nitrogen fixation by using hollow sites and vacancy defects in 2D materials, while a new machine learning descriptor accelerates screening of efficient electrocatalysts.
Biomimetic 2D-Ni(Co,Fe)P/1D-WOx nanocoral reef electrocatalysts for efficient water splitting
Authors: Kim Dokyoung , Jeong Yongjae , Roh Hyogyun , Lim Chaeeun , Yong Kijung
Published: April 2021

Biomimetic nano coral reef (Ni(Co,Fe)P–WOx) exhibits efficient water splitting electrocatalytic activity resulting from the excellent charge transport activity of WOx nanowire coral and superior HER and OER activity of Ni(Co,Fe)P nanosheet algae.
Intrinsic auxeticity and negative piezoelectricity in two-dimensional group-IV dipnictide monolayers with in-plane anisotropy
Authors: Zhao Yue , Gou Gaoyang , Lu Xiaoli , Hao Yue
Published: April 2021

2D group-IV dipnictide monolayers with intrinsic auxeticity and negative piezoelectricity are predicted to be applied as nanoscale auxetic sensors and low dimensional electromechanical devices.
Angiotensin II up-regulates sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 expression and SGLT2 inhibitor attenuates Ang II-induced hypertensive renal injury in mice
Authors: Miyata Kana N. , Lo Chao-Sheng , Zhao Shuiling , Liao Min-Chun , Pang Yuchao , Chang Shiao-Ying , Peng Junzheng , Kretzler Matthias , Filep Janos G. , Ingelfinger Julie R. , Zhang Shao-Ling , Chan John S.D.
Published: April 2021

Clinical trials indicate that sodium/glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) improve kidney function, yet, the molecular regulation of SGLT2 expression is incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the role of the intrarenal renin–angiotensin system (RAS) on SGLT2 expression. In adult non-diabetic participants in the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE, n=163), multivariable linear regression analysis showed SGLT2 mRNA was significantly associated with angiotensinogen (AGT), renin, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) mRNA levels (P<0.001). In vitro, angiotensin II (Ang II) dose-dependently stimulated SGLT2 expression in HK-2, human immortalized renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs); losartan and antioxidants inhibited it. Sglt2 expression was increased in transgenic (Tg) mice specifically overexpressing Agt in their RPTCs, as well as in WT mice with a single subcutaneous injection of Ang II (1.44 mg/kg). Moreover, Ang II (1000 ng/kg/min) infusion via osmotic mini-pump in WT mice for 4 weeks increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and albuminuria; canaglifozin (Cana, 15 mg/kg/day) reversed these changes, with the exception of SBP. Fractional glucose excretion (FeGlu) was higher in Ang II+Cana than WT+Cana, whereas Sglt2 expression was similar. Our data demonstrate a link between intrarenal RAS and SGLT2 expression and that SGLT2i ameliorates Ang II-induced renal injury independent of SBP.
The Relationship Between Voice Onset Time and Increase in Vocal Effort and Fundamental Frequency
Authors: Groll Matti D. , Hablani Surbhi , Stepp Cara E.
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Prior work suggests that voice onset time (VOT) may be impacted by laryngeal tension: VOT means decrease when individuals with typical voices increase their fundamental frequency (
f
o
) and VOT variability is increased in individuals with vocal hyperfunction, a voice disorder characterized by increased laryngeal tension. This study further explored the relationship between VOT and laryngeal tension during increased
f
o
, vocal effort, and vocal strain.

Method

Sixteen typical speakers of American English were instructed to produce VOT utterances under four conditions: baseline, high pitch, effort, and strain. Repeated-measures analysis of variance models were used to analyze the effects of condition on VOT means and standard deviations (
SD
s); pairwise comparisons were used to determine significant differences between conditions.

Results

Voicing, condition, and their interaction significantly affected VOT means. Voiceless VOT means significantly decreased for high pitch (
p
< .001) relative to baseline; however, no changes in voiceless VOT means were found for effort or strain relative to baseline. Although condition had a significant effect on VOT
SD
s, there were no significant differences between effort, strain, and high pitch conditions relative to baseline.

Conclusions

Speakers with typical voices likely engage different musculature to increase pitch than to increase vocal effort and strain. The increased VOT variability present with vocal hyperfunction is not seen in individuals with typical voices using increased effort and strain, supporting the assertion that this feature of vocal hyperfunction may be related to disordered vocal motor control rather than resulting from effortful voice production.
Alzheimer's disease diagnosis based on the visual attention model and equal‐distance ring shape context features
Authors: Lao Huan , Zhang Xuejun , Tang Yanyan , Liang Chan
Published: April 2021

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease caused by rapid degeneration of brain cells. More and more researchers focus on effective and accurate methods for the diagnosis of AD. In this paper, a method to identify AD by extracting equal‐distant ring shape context features from saliency map of structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) is proposed. The experimental results on the thin‐layer MR images of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset showed that our method helped improve the performance of identifying brain diseases. Specifically, the classification accuracy of 94.83% for AD versus CN, 98.31% for AD versus MCI and 85.77% for MCI versus CN, respectively. At the same time, experiments on Open Access Series of Imaging Studies dataset and clinically collected thick‐layer MR images verify the classification performance of the method. The results show that this method may have higher application value in clinical application, with classification accuracies of 96.56% and 98.18% for AD versus CN, respectively. Compared with the methods based on gray matter (GM) density, cortical thickness and hippocampal volume, our method achieved higher accuracy of AD (or MCI) and CN classification.
Simple and Fast Dynamic Photovoltaic Emulator based on a Physical Equivalent PV‐cell Model
Authors: Khawaldeh Habes A. , Al‐soeidat Mohammad , Lu Dylan Dah‐Chuan , Li Li
Published: April 2021

Photovoltaic emulators are a specific type of power electronics system to mimic the behaviour of a photovoltaic (PV) panel or array and facilitate the testing of energy systems. Existing solutions usually require sophisticated hardware design and fast computing. This paper presents a simple, reliable, and effective circuit‐based photovoltaic (PV) emulator based on the equivalent PV stacked cells. The PV emulator can be used for solar system testing and analysis, such as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and partial shading effect. The – and – characteristic curves of the emulator have been generated by using an LTspice simulator. It is experimentally investigated and compared with a real PV panel and existing emulator products. The experiment results show good agreement with the mimicked actual PV panel. The proposed PV emulator shows a better dynamic response and shorter settling time than several benchmarked commercial products. The enhancement in the time response is due to the simplicity of the emulator, where a few power diodes and some resisters are used. In addition to simplicity, the PV emulator is very cost‐effective.
Constraining stellar evolution theory with asteroseismology of γ Doradus stars using deep learning
Authors: Mombarg J. S. G. , Van Reeth T. , Aerts C.
Published: April 2021

Context. The efficiency of the transport of angular momentum and chemical elements inside intermediate-mass stars lacks proper calibration, thereby introducing uncertainties on a star’s evolutionary pathway. Improvements require better estimation of stellar masses, evolutionary stages, and internal mixing properties.

Aims. Our aim was to develop a neural network approach for asteroseismic modelling, and test its capacity to provide stellar masses, ages, and overshooting parameter for a sample of 37 γ Doradus stars; these parameters were previously determined from their effective temperature, surface gravity, near-core rotation frequency, and buoyancy travel time Π0. Here our goal is to perform the parameter estimation from modelling of individual periods measured for dipole modes with consecutive radial order rather than from Π0. We assess whether fitting these individual mode periods increases the capacity of the parameter estimation.

Methods. We trained neural networks to predict theoretical pulsation periods of high-order gravity modes (n ∈ [15, 91]), and to predict the luminosity, effective temperature, and surface gravity for a given mass, age, overshooting parameter, diffusive envelope mixing, metallicity, and near-core rotation frequency. We applied our neural networks for Computing Pulsation Periods and Photospheric Observables (C-3PO) to our sample and compute grids of stellar pulsation models for the estimated parameters.

Results. We present the near-core rotation rates (from the literature) as a function of the inferred stellar age and critical rotation rate. We assessed the rotation rates of the sample near the start of the main sequence assuming rigid rotation. Furthermore, we measured the extent of the core overshoot region and find no correlation with mass, age, or rotation. Finally, for one star in our sample, KIC 12066947, we find indications of mode coupling in the period spacing pattern which we cannot reproduce with mode trapping.

Conclusions. The neural network approach developed in this study allows the derivation of stellar properties dominant for stellar evolution, such as mass, age, and extent of core-boundary mixing. It also opens a path for future estimation of mixing profiles throughout the radiative envelope, with the aim of inferring these profiles for large samples of γ Doradus stars.
The Interplanetary and Magnetospheric causes of Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) > 10 A in the Mäntsälä Finland Pipeline: 1999 through 2019 – Erratum
Authors: Tsurutani Bruce T. , Hajra Rajkumar
Published: April 2021

In this erratum we rectify the parts of the paper that were not corrected before the publication of the paper. The conclusions of the paper are unchanged.
Unterscheidet sich die berufliche Wiedereingliederung nach medizinscher Rehabilitation bezüglich Sozialstatus und Art der rehabilitativen Versorgung?
Authors: Götz Simon , Wahrendorf Morten , Dragano Nico
Published: April 2021

Ziel der Studie Beschäftigte mit einer niedrigen sozioökonomischen Position (SEP) scheiden nach einer medizinischen Rehabilitation öfter gesundheitsbedingt vollständig aus dem Erwerbsleben aus, als solche in einer höheren Position. Bisher ist unklar, ob bestimmte Arten der rehabilitativen Versorgung diese Ungleichheit im Rehabilitationserfolg reduzieren können. Diese Arbeit untersucht, ob bestimmte Arten der rehabilitativen Versorgung den Einfluss der SEP auf eine Rückkehr ins Erwerbsleben (Return-to-Work; RTW) modifizieren.

Methodik Die Studie basiert auf administrativen Daten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung zu 266 413 medizinische Rehabilitationen von 253 311 voll ins Erwerbsleben integrierten Personen. Mit Poisson Regressionsanalysen wurde geprüft, ob ein Zusammenhang zwischen SEP (Einkommen, Bildung, Berufliche Position) und der Wahrscheinlichkeit eines RTW in den 12 Monaten nach der Maßnahme besteht und ob dieser Zusammenhang ggf. bei einer Anschlussheilbehandlung (AHB), einer stationären Behandlung oder einer Behandlung mit anschließender stufenweiser Wiedereingliederung geringer ausfällt als bei Rehabilitationen, die diese Merkmale nicht erfüllen.

Ergebnisse Personen mit niedrigem Einkommen, geringer Bildung oder niedriger beruflicher Position haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für eine unvollständige Rückkehr ins Erwerbsleben nach einer medizinischen Rehabilitation. Dieser Zusammenhang ist für alle 3 SEP-Indikatoren vergleichsweise schwächer, wenn die Rückkehr ins Erwerbsleben als stufenweise Wiedereingliederung erfolgt. Bei AHB und stationären Rehabilitationen fällt der Zusammenhang ebenfalls schwächer aus, jedoch nur beim SEP Indikator Einkommen.

Schlussfolgerung Sozioökonomisch benachteiligte Bevölkerungsgruppen kehren vergleichsweise häufiger nach einer medizinischen Rehabilitation nicht vollständig ins Erwerbsleben zurück. Diese Ungleichheiten fallen aber bei bestimmten Arten der rehabilitativen Versorgung geringer aus. Tendenziell ist dies bei einer aktiven strukturierenden Rolle des Versorgungssystems der Fall. Bezüglich der Effektmodifikation durch die Art der Behandlung besteht jedoch weiterer Forschungsbedarf. Diese sollte durch zu diesem Zweck erhobene Daten weiter untersucht werden, um Selektionseffekte auszuschließen.
Umgebungsgestaltung während des Känguruens
Authors: Hofmann Nora
Published: April 2021

Das Känguruen mit dem eigenen Kind empfinden viele Eltern als einen ganz besonderen Moment, den sie meist lange in Erinnerung behalten. Die Känguru-Methode fördert zudem das Bonding und gehört daher zum Alltag auf neonatologischen Intensivstationen. Eltern erleben den Haut-zu-Haut-Kontakt mit ihrem Kind jedoch sehr unterschiedlich, je nachdem, in welcher Atmosphäre das Känguruen stattfindet.
Therapiesäule Physiotherapie
Authors: Haltenberger Daniela
Published: April 2021

Aufgrund eines Gendefekts produzieren bei Mukoviszidose viele Organe des Körpers einen zähen Schleim – davon sind auch die Bronchien betroffen. Ein Baustein in der Versorgung von Mukoviszidose-Patienten ist daher die Atemphysiotherapie.
Validation of the 2019 European Society of Cardiology Risk Stratification Algorithm for Pulmonary Embolism in Normotensive Elderly Patients
Authors: Moor Jeanne , Baumgartner Christine , Méan Marie , Stalder Odile , Limacher Andreas , Rodondi Nicolas , Aujesky Drahomir
Published: April 2021

Background The 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines recommend evaluation for right ventricular dysfunction in all normotensive patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). We compared the predictive performance of the 2019 and 2014 ESC risk stratification algorithms and the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI).

Methods We performed a posthoc analysis of normotensive patients aged ≥ 65 years with acute PE from a prospective cohort. The primary outcome was overall mortality; secondary outcomes were PE-related mortality and adverse outcomes (PE-related death, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, intubation, catecholamine use, recurrent venous thromboembolism) at 30 days. We assessed outcomes in intermediate-high, intermediate-low, and low-risk groups according to the 2019 and 2014 ESC algorithms and the PESI. Discriminative power was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results Among 419 patients, 14 (3.3%) died (7 from PE) and 16 (3.8%) had adverse outcomes within 30 days. The 2019 ESC algorithm classified more patients as intermediate-high risk (45%) than the 2014 ESC algorithm (24%) or the PESI (37%), and only 19% as low risk (32% with 2014 ESC or the PESI). Discriminatory power for overall mortality was lower with the 2019 ESC algorithm (AUC: 63.6%), compared with the 2014 ESC algorithm (AUC: 71.5%) or the PESI (AUC: 75.2%), although the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.063). Discrimination for PE-related mortality and adverse outcomes was similar.

Conclusion While categorizing more patients in higher risk groups, the 2019 ESC algorithm for PE did not improve prediction of short-term outcomes compared with the 2014 ESC algorithm or the PESI.
Stereochemical Control of Tricoordinate Copper(I) Complexes Based on N-(9-Alkyl-9-fluorenyl)-Substituted Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Brenner Eric , Matt Dominique , Almallah Hamze , Gourlaouen Christophe , Hissler Muriel
Published: April 2021

A series of tricoordinate copper(I) complexes of general formula [Cu(Et
F-NHC)(2,2′-dipyridylamine)][BF4], in which Et
F-NHC represents an imidazol-2-ylidene ligand bearing a 9-ethyl-9-fluorenyl N-substituent have been synthesised stepwise from appropriate N-arylimidazoles. All complexes are remarkably air-stable, both in solution and in the solid state. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that in three of the complexes the fluorenylidene plane and the dipyridylamine (dpa) unit undergo intramolecular π–π stacking. The resulting bending of the fluorenilydene plane towards the metal atom is likely to contribute to maintain the trigonal planar geometry of the [Cu–C,N,N] unit upon binding of exogenous substrates, thereby considerably increasing complex stability.
Depression in Patients with Epilepsy in Nigeria: Phenomenology and Predictors
Authors: Ogundare Temitope
Published: April 2021

Objectives In this article, we aimed to determine the correlates of depression among patients with epilepsy in Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

Methods 270 patients with epilepsy attending the outpatient clinic of the hospital were recruited and assessed using sociodemographic questionnaire, MINI-Plus, and BDI-II.

Results The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of the respondents was 32 (9.9) years, 45.6% were females, and 38.5% were married. Thirty-two (11.9%) patients had a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and 13 (4.8%) had a diagnosis of dysthymia. The most common depressive symptoms were loss of pleasure (84.4%), crying (84.4%), self-dislike (81.3%), and loss of energy, tiredness/fatigue, indecisiveness and punishment feelings (78.1% each). Vegetative symptoms such as changes in appetite and sleep and loss of interest in sex were the least common depressive symptoms. In the logistic regression, seizure frequency was the single predictor of MDD and dysthymia. Patients who had at least one seizure per week were five times more likely to develop MDD (OR = 5.1, p = 0.014) and 16 times likely to have dysthymia (OR= 16.0, p = 0.0007). Patients who had at least one seizure per month were 3 times more likely to develop MDD (OR = 3.3, p = 0.029).

Conclusion Seizure frequency is an independent predictor of depression among patients with epilepsy. Patients with poor seizure control are at higher risk of developing depression and should be routinely screened for depression.
Development of a Prognostic Model to Predict Mortality after Traumatic Brain Injury in Intensive Care Setting in a Developing Country
Authors: Jayan Mini , Shukla Dhaval , Devi Bhagavatula Indira , Bhat Dhananjaya I. , Konar Subhas K.
Published: April 2021

Objectives We aimed to develop a prognostic model for the prediction of in-hospital mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) admitted to the neurosurgery intensive care unit (ICU) of our institute.

Materials and Methods The clinical and computed tomography scan data of consecutive patients admitted after a diagnosis TBI in ICU were reviewed. Construction of the model was done by using all the variables of Corticosteroid Randomization after Significant Head Injury and International Mission on Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in TBI models. The endpoint was in-hospital mortality.

Results A total of 243 patients with TBI were admitted to ICU during the study period. The in-hospital mortality was 15.3%. On multivariate analysis, the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) at admission, hypoxia, hypotension, and obliteration of the third ventricle/basal cisterns were significantly associated with mortality. Patients with hypoxia had eight times, with hypotensions 22 times, and with obliteration of the third ventricle/basal cisterns three times more chance of death. The TBI score was developed as a sum of individual points assigned as follows: GCS score 3 to 4 (+2 points), 5 to 12 (+1), hypoxia (+1), hypotension (+1), and obliteration third ventricle/basal cistern (+1). The mortality was 0% for a score of “0” and 85% for a score of “4.”

Conclusion The outcome of patients treated in ICU was based on common admission variables. A simple clinical grading score allows risk stratification of patients with TBI admitted in ICU.
Complete Field Guide to Dragonflies of Australia
Authors: Theischinger Günther , Hawking John , Orr Albert
Published: April 2021

Dragonflies and damselflies are conspicuous insects: many are large and brightly coloured. They are also valuable indicators of environmental wellbeing. A detailed knowledge of the dragonfly fauna is therefore an important basis for decisions about environmental protection and management.

This comprehensive guide to the Australian dragonfly fauna covers eight families of dragonflies and 10 families of damselflies, comprising the 113 genera and 333 species found in Australia. It has been updated with newly identified species and revised family names to reflect new world consensus systematics. Stunning full-colour images and distribution maps are accompanied by identification keys for adults as well as larvae, which are often used as bait for freshwater fish.

This second edition of The Complete Field Guide to Dragonflies of Australia also includes illustrations by Albert Orr, one of the most renowned dragonfly illustrators. The extraordinary diversity of dragonflies will interest entomologists and amateur naturalists alike.
Pulsed x-ray detector based on Fe doped β-Ga2O3 single crystal
Authors: Zhou Leidang , Chen Liang , Ruan Jinlu , Lu Xing , Liu Bo , Gao Runlong , Li Yang , Geng Li , Ouyang Xiaoping
Published: April 2021

β-Ga2O3 has shown great potential for x-ray detection. In this paper, we demonstrate a nanosecond fast-response metal–semiconductor–metal x-ray detection based on Fe doped semi-insulating β-Ga2O3 single crystal. Material characterizations revealed that the iron substituting for gallium (FeGa) and oxygen vacancy (V
O) were the main defects within the β-Ga2O3 and led to a high resistivity property of the material. The detector feathered a low dark current ∼270 pA (955 × pA cm−2) at 800 V and the x-ray detection process was slightly affected by the photodonductive gain. To x-ray illumination, the detector exhibited a low noise-equivalent dose rate ∼4.1 × 10−7 Gyair s−1 Hz−0.5, a response sensitivity of 23.2 nC Gyair
−1 and a fast transient response (<20 ms). In addition, a pulsed x-ray detection in 50 ns was achieved and the time resolution of the β-Ga2O3 detector was revealed to be <2 ns. The results demonstrate that the β-Ga2O3-based detector was promising for fast x-ray detection application.
Fabrication of 2D silicon nano-mold by side etch lift-off method
Authors: Guo Ran , Qi Liping , Xu Liang , Liu Lingpeng , Sun Lei , Yin Zhifu , Li Kehong , Zou Helin
Published: April 2021

Nano-imprint technology is a method of nano-pattern reproduction, has the characteristics of high resolution, high throughput, and low-cost. It can reduce the complexity and cost of the equipment while improving the resolution, which considered a promising industrial production technology. The key to nanoimprinting lies in the mold, and the quality of the mold directly determines the quality of the imprinted graphics. Here, a method for fabricating sub-100 nm concave 2D silicon nano-mold by side etch lift-off is proposed. The effects of different wet etching time and the metal deposition angle on the width of nanochannels were studied. The measurement result of dry etching shows that on the entire 4 inch silicon wafer, the width of the nanochannel varies by 4% and the depth by 2%. The width of the nanochannel between chips varies by 0.7%, and the depth variation is 1%. With this new method, high-precision and large-scale silicon nano-mold can be produced, which has great potential for realizing high-precision and low-cost manufacturing of nano devices.
Respiratory motion correction for enhanced quantification of hepatic lesions in simultaneous PET and DCE-MR imaging
Authors: Ippoliti Matteo , Lukas Mathias , Brenner Winfried , Schatka Imke , Furth Christian , Schaeffter Tobias , Makowski Marcus R , Kolbitsch Christoph
Published: April 2021

Simultaneous positron-emission tomography (PET)-magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a hybrid technique in oncological hepatic imaging combining soft-tissue and functional contrast of dynamic contrast enhanced MR (DCE-MR) with metabolic information from PET. In this context, respiratory motion represents a major challenge by introducing blurring, artifacts and misregistration in the liver. In this work, we propose a free-breathing 3D non-rigid respiratory motion correction framework for simultaneously acquired DCE-MR and PET data, which makes use of higher spatial resolution MR data to derive motion information used directly during image reconstruction to minimize image blurring and motion artifacts. The main aim was to increase contrast of hepatic metastases to improve their detection and characterization. DCE-MR data were acquired at 3T through a golden radial phase encoding scheme, enabling derivation of motion fields. These were used in the motion compensated image reconstruction of DCE-MR time-series (48 time-points, 6 s temporal resolution, 1.5 mm isotropic spatial resolution) and 3D PET activity map, which was subsequently interpolated to the DCE-MR resolution. The extended Tofts model was fitted to DCE-MR data, obtaining functional parametric maps related to perfusion such as the endothelial permeability (

K

t

). Fifty-seven hepatic metastases were identified and analyzed. Quantitative evaluations of motion correction in PET images demonstrated average percentage increases of 16% ± 5% (mean ± SD) in Contrast (C), 18% ± 6% in SUVmean and 14% ± 2% in SUVmax, while DCE-MR and

K

t

scored contrast-to-noise-ratio increases of 64% ± 3% and 90% ± 6%, respectively. Motion-corrected data visually showed improved image contrast of hepatic metastases and effectively reduced blurring and motion artefacts. Scatter plots of SUVmean versus

K

t

suggested that the proposed framework improved differentiation of

K

t

measurements. The presented motion correction framework for simultaneously acquired PET-DCE-MR data provides accurately aligned images with increased contrast of hepatic lesions allowing for improved detection and characterization.
Feasibility of space-based measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
Authors: Wang Xingyu , Dong Chen , Zhao Shanghong , Liu Yong , Liu Xiaowen , Zhu Haonan
Published: April 2021

The measurement-device-independent (MDI) quantum key distribution (QKD) is considered to be an alternative to overcome the currently trusted satellite paradigm. However, the feasibility of the space-based MDI-QKD remains unclear in terms of the factors: the high-loss uplink between a ground station and a satellite, the limited duration when two ground stations are simultaneously visible, as well as the rigorous requirements for the two-photon interference when performing the Bell-state measurement. In this paper, we present a feasibility assessment of space-based MDI-QKD based on the Micius satellite. Integrated with the orbital dynamics model and atmosphere channel model, a framework is presented to explore the whole parameters space including orbit height, elevation angle, apertures of transceiver and atmospheric turbulence intensity to give the considerations for improving key rates and subsequently provide a relevant parameter tradeoff for the implementation of space-based MDI-QKD. We further investigate the heart of MDI-QKD, the two-photon interference considerations such as the frequency calibration and time synchronization technology against Doppler shift, and the way of performing the intensity optimization method in the dynamic and asymmetric channels. Our work can be used as a pathfinder to support decisions involving as the selection of the future quantum communication satellite missions.
Inflationary magnetogenesis with reheating phase from higher curvature coupling
Authors: Bamba Kazuharu , Elizalde E. , Odintsov S.D. , Paul Tanmoy
Published: April 2021

We investigate the generation of magnetic fields from inflation, which occurs via breakdown of the conformal invariance of the electromagnetic (EM) field, when coupled with the Ricci scalar and the Gauss-Bonnet invariant. For the case of instantaneous reheating, the resulting strength of the magnetic field at present is too small and violates the observational constraints. However, the problem is solved provided there is a reheating phase with a non-zero e-fold number. During reheating, the energy density of the magnetic field is seen to evolve as (a
3
H)-2 and, after that, as a
-4 up to the present epoch (here a is the scale factor and H the Hubble parameter). It is found that this reheating phase –characterized by a certain e-fold number, a constant value of the equation of state parameter, and a given reheating temperature– renders the magnetogenesis model compatible with the observational constraints. The model provides, in turn, a viable way of constraining the reheating equation of state parameter, from data analysis of the cosmic microwave background radiation.
Updated BBN constraints on electromagnetic decays of MeV-scale particles
Authors: Depta Paul Frederik , Hufnagel Marco , Schmidt-Hoberg Kai
Published: April 2021

In this work, we revise and update model-independent
constraints from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis on MeV-scale particles
ϕ which decay into photons and/or electron-positron pairs. We
use the latest determinations of primordial abundances and extend
the analysis in [1] by including all
spin-statistical factors as well as inverse decays, significantly
strengthening the resulting bounds in particular for small masses.
For a very suppressed initial abundance of ϕ, these effects
become ever more important and we find that even a pure `freeze-in'
abundance can be significantly constrained. In parallel to this
article, we release the public code ACROPOLIS which
numerically solves the reaction network necessary to evaluate the
effect of photodisintegration on the final light element
abundances. As an interesting application, we re-evaluate a possible
solution of the lithium problem due to the photodisintegration of
beryllium and find that e.g. an ALP produced via freeze-in can lead
to a viable solution.
Spectroscopic investigation of light strange S = −1 Λ and Σ and S = −2 Ξ baryons
Authors: Menapara Chandni , Rai Ajay Kumar
Published: April 2021

The present study is dedicated to light-strange

with strangeness S = −1 and isospin I = 0,

with S = −1 and I = 1, and

baryon with S = −2 and

. In this study, the hypercentral constituent quark model with linear confining potential has been employed along with a first order correction term to obtain the resonance masses up to approximately 4 GeV. The calculated states include 1S-5S, 1P-4P, 1D-3D, 1F-2F, and 1G (in a few cases) along with all possible spin-parity assignments. Regge trajectories have been explored for the linearity of the calculated masses for

and

. Magnetic moments have been intensively studied for ground state spin

and

, in addition to the configuration mixing of the first negative parity state for

. Lastly, the transition magnetic moments and radiative decay widths have been presented.
Optimizing deep brain stimulation based on isostable amplitude in essential tremor patient models
Authors: Duchet Benoit , Weerasinghe Gihan , Bick Christian , Bogacz Rafal
Published: April 2021

Objective. Deep brain stimulation is a treatment for medically refractory essential tremor. To improve the therapy, closed-loop approaches are designed to deliver stimulation according to the system’s state, which is constantly monitored by recording a pathological signal associated with symptoms (e.g. brain signal or limb tremor). Since the space of possible closed-loop stimulation strategies is vast and cannot be fully explored experimentally, how to stimulate according to the state should be informed by modeling. A typical modeling goal is to design a stimulation strategy that aims to maximally reduce the Hilbert amplitude of the pathological signal in order to minimize symptoms. Isostables provide a notion of amplitude related to convergence time to the attractor, which can be beneficial in model-based control problems. However, how isostable and Hilbert amplitudes compare when optimizing the amplitude response to stimulation in models constrained by data is unknown. Approach. We formulate a simple closed-loop stimulation strategy based on models previously fitted to phase-locked deep brain stimulation data from essential tremor patients. We compare the performance of this strategy in suppressing oscillatory power when based on Hilbert amplitude and when based on isostable amplitude. We also compare performance to phase-locked stimulation and open-loop high-frequency stimulation. Main results. For our closed-loop phase space stimulation strategy, stimulation based on isostable amplitude is significantly more effective than stimulation based on Hilbert amplitude when amplitude field computation time is limited to minutes. Performance is similar when there are no constraints, however constraints on computation time are expected in clinical applications. Even when computation time is limited to minutes, closed-loop phase space stimulation based on isostable amplitude is advantageous compared to phase-locked stimulation, and is more efficient than high-frequency stimulation. Significance. Our results suggest a potential benefit to using isostable amplitude more broadly for model-based optimization of stimulation in neurological disorders.
Fluctuation–dissipation relations in the absence of detailed balance: formalism and applications to active matter
Authors: Cengio Sara Dal , Levis Demian , Pagonabarraga Ignacio
Published: April 2021

We present a comprehensive study about the relationship between the way detailed balance is broken in non-equilibrium systems and the resulting violations of the fluctuation–dissipation theorem. Starting from stochastic dynamics with both odd and even variables under time-reversal, we derive an explicit expression for the time-reversal operator, i.e. the Markovian operator which generates the time-reversed trajectories. We then exploit the relation between entropy production and the breakdown of detailed balance to establish general constraints on the non-equilibrium steady-states (NESS), which relate the non-equilibrium character of the dynamics with symmetry properties of the NESS distribution. This provides a direct route to derive extended fluctuation–dissipation relations, expressing the linear response function in terms of NESS correlations. Such framework provides a unified way to understand the departure from equilibrium of active systems and its linear response. We then consider two paradigmatic models of interacting self-propelled particles, namely active Brownian particles and active Ornstein–Uhlenbeck particles. We analyze the non-equilibrium character of these systems (also within a Markov and a Chapman–Enskog approximation) and derive extended fluctuation–dissipation relations for them, clarifying which features of these active model systems are genuinely non-equilibrium.
Research of the Technology of Joint Processing of Stale Copper-Smelting Slags and Pyrite Cinders with the Extraction of Non-Ferrous Metals into a Commercial Product
Authors: Kolmachikhina O B , Polygalov S E , Lobanov V G
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the problems of slags processing from copper-smelting production, both current production and those which had been accumulating over many years of enterprises’ activity in heaps (stale). There are data about possible methods of slag processing. It is proposed a technology for the joint processing of stale copper-smelting slags of the Urals and pyrite cinders (waste from the production of sulfuric acid) - smelting with obtain a poor matte, into which copper and precious metals will be transferred. The results of scientific research on matte melting are presented. It is shown that when the ratio in the furnace charge "stale slag: pyrite cinder" at the level of 2.5, the extraction of non-ferrous metals into the matte is at the level of 90%.
Mechanism and Transformation Directions of 1,1,2 - trichloroethane in the Liquid Phase by Low-voltage Electrical Discharges
Authors: Bordikov I V , Titov E Yu , Subbotin A Yu
Published: April 2021

1,1,2-trichloroethane is transformed by the action of low-voltage (60 V DC) pulse discharge in the liquid medium in the nanostructure, cis-ClCH = CHCl, trans-ClCH = CHCl, CH2 = CCl2 and HCl. Conversion 1,1,2-trichloroethane 21 wt%, hydrogen chloride yield was 88.4 wt%, yield solid phase 11.6 wt%. The morphology and composition of solid phase products have been determined. According to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, solid-phase products have an elemental composition, % atom: carbon — 90.5-94.2, chlorine — 1.35.4, oxygen — 3.1-4.5. The structures of 1,1-dichloroethylene and cis-, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, as well as the isomer ratios were determined by 1H NMR. The relative content of isomers: cis-1,2-dichlorethylene 44%, trans-1,2-dichlorethylene 34%, 1,1-dichloroethylene 22%. Quantum-chemical modeling revealed the mechanism of formation of the obtained dichlorethylenes. According to the calculation results, 1,1,2-TCA is involved in the reaction in the triplet state. The difference in energy between the ground and excited states is 66.2 kcal/mol. The elimination of HCl is carried out by an activated chlorine atom generated during the transfer of 1,1,2-TCA under the action of electric discharges from the singlet state to the triplet state.