bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic aspects of innovative strategy of enterprise development in the conditions of macroeconomic instability
Authors: O. V Arefieva , M. M Andriienko , I. O Shevchuk
Published: February 2024

Methods. When conducting the study of the economic aspects of the innovative strategy of the enterprise development in conditions of macroeconomic instability, the method of scientific abstraction is used – in determining the theoretical and methodological approaches regarding the essence of the innovative type of development of production and economic systems; system approach - when using a methodical approach to the components of the innovative development management mechanism at the micro- and meso-levels. Results. The algorithm for the implementation of an innovative strategy for the development of production and economic systems at the micro- and macro-levels is defined, it is proposed to use V.E. Deming’s theory of quality improvement within the framework of the assessment of qualitative changes in development based on the innovative strategy and, based on a systemic approach, to conduct an assessment using a comprehensive indicator of innovative development; taking into account the concept of management to coordinate all phases of the mechanism of innovative development using the principles of the rule of five logistics. Novelty. The methodical approach to the assessment of the innovative development of production and economic systems at the micro- and macro-levels in the conditions of macroeconomic instability is proposed, the essence of which is reduced to the study of the algorithm for the implementation of an innovative strategy using V. E. Deming’s theory of quality improvement, which involves planning, implementation, verification and adjustment of plans; using a systematic approach to the study of the innovative model of the development of production and economic systems, it is proposed to take into account the logistic approach using quality indicators: demand, timeliness, satisfaction, deadlines, preservation, environmental friendliness, complexity, etc., and to calculate the assessment of innovative development based on a comprehensive indicator of quality improvement; within the framework of the concept of management, which includes four phases: planning, execution, control and adjustment, it is possible to coordinate all components of the mechanism of innovative development of the enterprise with the help of a whole complex of scientifically based principles. Practical value. Based on the results of the scientific research, the author proposes economic guidelines for managing the intellectual potential of an innovative enterprise, which will help to resolve the existing contradictions in the implementation of production and economic activities and will contribute to the development of innovative areas of work.
Implementation of the concept of lean production in the conditions of the Dnipropetrovsk metallurgical plant
Authors: M. A Myronenko
Published: February 2024

Methods. During the study of the directions of implementation of the concept of lean production in the conditions of the Dniprovsk Metallurgical Plant, the following methods of scientific research were applied: factor analysis – when determining the factors that negatively affected the development of Ukrainian metallurgy; generalization and classifications – when identifying the stages of introducing the concept of lean production at the enterprise; general and special – when determining the specifics of its application in the conditions of the metallurgical industry; analysis and synthesis – when forming ideas about the prospects of restructuring the organization of production processes of a metallurgical enterprise on the basis of other concepts of modern management. Results. It has been demonstrated that the metallurgical industry in Ukraine at the beginning of the 2020s remained one of the key ones in the national economy, despite the challenges of a geopolitical nature. The factors that negatively affected the development of Ukrainian metallurgy in the second half of the 20s of the 20th century are singled out, namely: the COVID-19 pandemic, which somewhat slowed down the development of the metallurgical sector and, at the same time, created a delayed demand for metal products that had to be satisfied in the next two or three years; the fullscale invasion of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, which, starting from February 2022, actually put the process of metal products production on hold, and with it the measures to implement implementation of the concept of lean production. Novelty. The stages of the implementation of the concept of lean production at the metallurgical enterprise are highlighted, the experience of the first stage of implementation in relation to the activity of the Dniprovsk Metallurgical Plant is characterized and evaluated. Practical value. The article presents the results of the implementation of organizational measures during the transition to the concept of lean production. The key factor in the inevitability of the initiated reform processes in the production sphere is the permanent work of the management of the Dniprovsk Metallurgical Plant as agents of change. This experience can be useful for the restoration of the lost positions of the studied enterprise in the post-war period, as well as for other enterprises of the metallurgical industry that strive to increase the profitability of their production.
Prospecting CCS Project in Indonesia: A Case Study in Meratus Mountains, South Borneo
Authors: Irzon Ronaldo , Hanang Samodra  , Sam Permanadewi
Published: February 2024

Long-term extensive carbon dioxide exposure inflicts diseases for humans and endangers the ecosystem. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a breakthrough to reduce CO2 in the atmosphere. The purpose of this study is to describe the CCS principles and suitability of this work in Indonesia, especially in the Meratus Mountains. The studied region is the major area of the Meratus Geopark. Selected ultramafic rocks from the Meratus Geopark were analyzed using X-Ray Fluorescence in the University of Tasmania. CCS project should consider the minimum implication for conservation strategy of geopark. Geologically, CCS is adapted through direct sequestration and carbon mineralization. Mafic-ultramafic lithologies are the best option for mineral carbonation. Most of the basaltic rocks in Indonesia are situated near active volcanoes that are heavily risky for CCS works. Ultramafic in the range of Meratus Geopark is clearly suitable for CCS because of its large expanse, far away from active volcanoes, without significant nickel mining activity. The project would promote geohazards and climate change issues of Meratus Geopark. In-situ CSS mineral carbonation should be located avoiding the Sultan Adam Mandiangin Serpentinite Geosite to nourish the geoconservation of Meratus Geopark. A successful CCS adaptation would be good evidence for the Indonesian government implementing the Paris Agreement.
Keywords: Carbon Capture and Storage, In-situ mineral carbonation, ultramafic, Meratus Geopark.
Performance of Pleuropulmonary Ultrasound in the Diagonisis of Acute Respiratory Conditions in Intensive Care Patients: Case of the Sens Hospital Center
Authors: Kankonde Dan , Nsiala Joseph , Mbombo Wilfrid , Tonduangu Daniel , Meziere Gilbert , Gizolme Dominique , Bula-Bula Médard , Amisi Erick , Nsituavibidila Chris , Diyamona Lionel , Mubenga Jean Claude , Mukuna Noelly , Anga Khazy , Likinda Gracia , Kalombo Jean Jacques , Nkombe Christelle , Mambu Doliane , Nzungu Franklin , Barhayiga Berthe
Published: February 2024

Background and Objective: Despite its increasing use, in critical care, the diagnosis accuracy of Lung Ultransound Sonographye (LUS) is a topic that remains highly debated. The objective of our study was to evaluate the performance of LUS compared to chest computer tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of acute respiratory condictions in critical patients at Sens hospital from March 1st to September 31st 2023. Methods: Single-center, cross-sectional study of 54 patients, all adult with acute respiratory symptoms who benefited concurrent LUS and chest CT scan. The LUS was performed according to the BLUE-Protocol by the doctors of the department, within 8 hours before the chest CT scan was performed. The CT scan was interpreted by the hospital's radiologists who were also blinded by the LUS results. The performance of LUS was assessed by calculating sensitivity (se), specificity (sp), positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) compared to chest CT. Results: Pneumothorax had a Se=100%, Sp=100, PPV=100%, NPV=100%, Youden=1.00, AUC=1.00; Interstitial syndrome had a Se=100%, Sp=98.1%, PPV=50%, NPV=100%, Youden=0.98%, AUC=0.99 with p=0.14. Alveolar consolidation had Se=100%, Sp=90.5%, PPV=94.3%, NPV=100%, Youden=0.90%, AUC=0.95%. Pleural effusion had Se=100%, Sp=88.9%, PPV=90%, NPV=100%, Youden=0.89%, AUC=0.94%. Pulmonary embolism had a Se=66.7%; Sp=97.9%, PPV=80%, NPV=95.9%, Youden=0.65%, AUC=0.82% with p=0.11. As for COPD/ Asthma decompensation, she had a Se=NA (not applicable), Sp=100%, PPV=NA, NPV=100%, Youden=NA and AUC=100%. Conclusion: The performance of LUS in this study are satisfactory for the diagnosis of alveolar consolidation, pneumothorax, pleural fluid effusion and interstitial syndrome (only as a function of Youden's index). They are less good for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Thus, we propose it as an alternative to CT in patients in critical resuscitation.
Etnobotânica histórica das plantas úteis do Maranhão francês no século XVII segundo a obra do frei Ivo d'Evreux
Authors: Gomes Warmiston Carvalho , Rodrigues Maria Ivanilde de Araujo , Linhares Jairo Fernando Pereira
Published: February 2024

Antes da chegada da família real portuguesa em 1808 não havia ciência propriamente dita no Brasil, somente crônicas e relatos de viajantes e missionários, desta feita, coube ao padre francês Ivo D’Evreux, fazer registros etnográficos sobre o modo de vida e costumes dos povos Tupinambás, bem como, descrições da flora e fauna em terras maranhenses. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi o de resgatar a história natural da flora pretérita do Maranhão no século XVII, referente as plantas utilitárias, através de pesquisa documental da obra A Viagem ao Norte do Brasil escrita pelo padre Ivo D’Evreux buscando-se, mais especificamente, conhecer as espécies, suas procedências e seus usos. Foram extraídos, 17 etnômios dos quais 88,2% (n=15) foram identificadas ao nível de família, gênero e espécies e, 11,8% (n=2), não tiveram suas identidades botânicas identificadas. Do total, 83,3% (n=14) são compostas por espécies nativas e, 17,6% (n=3) por espécies exóticas. Com relação aos usos, a alimentação humana obteve o maior índice de citações 35,3% (n=6). Os usos utensílios e óleos/azeites figuraram com 22,2% (n=4) e construção com 17,6% (n=3). Tais resultados demonstram um aproveitamento da biodiversidade florística encontrada na época, constatando-se que estudos dessa natureza contribuem para maiores conhecimentos e pesquisas referentes a centros de origem e dispersão de espécies, domesticação, deslocamentos humanos, extinção de espécies locais e desenvolvimento de novos produtos, entre outras possibilidades.
Humility and the Hoop Dance: A Teacher’s Self Reflections on Indigenous Knowledge and Power Sharing in the Classroom
Authors: Hill Lauren
Published: February 2024

This research reflects on my collaboration with an Indigenous hoop dancer to respond to the Calls to Action from the final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. The research engages the Anishinaabeg seven sacred teachings and critical decolonizing pedagogy as theoretical frameworks and qualitative inquiry as methodology. This paper presents partial findings of the research, focusing on my own reflections on humility and its complex connections to power sharing, collaboration, and Indigenous knowledge in the arts. I introduce the “humility pendulum,” which is a conceptual tool that I developed to support my own critical reflection throughout the process.
Environmental DNA mitochondrial markers to assess potential occupancy of Endangered Yaqui catfish in the Yaqui River basin, Mexico
Authors: Stewart DR , Hafen T , Hendrickson DA , Taylor AT , Varela-Romero A , Mason DH , Dysthe JC , Franklin TW , Young MK , McKelvey KS , Schwartz MK , Long JM
Published: February 2024

Acquiring data on rare and threatened species can be challenging, particularly in remote areas. Environmental DNA (eDNA) offers a less effort-intensive method for detecting species compared to physical fish sampling methods. In our study, we focused on the Endangered Yaqui catfish Ictalurus pricei, a freshwater fish endemic to the Sonoran desert in Arizona, USA, and Sonora, Mexico, and the non-native channel catfish I. punctatus. We developed and employed mitochondrial eDNA markers to sample 35 locations in the Yaqui River basin in Mexico and employed a hierarchical Bayesian formulation of a co-occurrence model to investigate the interactions between the species while accounting for the effects of covariates on species occupancy and detection. Our best model included the influence of channel catfish mitochondrial eDNA on detecting Yaqui catfish mitochondrial eDNA, and we found that channel catfish mitochondrial eDNA detection was negatively related with water temperature and elevation but positively related to substrate size. Yaqui catfish occupancy, as determined with mitochondrial eDNA detection, was best explained by stream permanence and the presence of forested areas, while channel catfish mitochondrial eDNA occurrences were also associated with stream permanence, as well as conifer and shrub-dominated landscapes. Non-native channel catfish mitochondrial eDNA was found in all but 5 locations where Yaqui catfish mitochondrial eDNA was detected, indicating a high likelihood of interaction and hybridization. This potential for hybridization poses a significant threat to the already Endangered Yaqui catfish, emphasizing the need to protect and secure remaining populations for their long-term survival.
Greek Catholics in Prague (1918–1950)
Authors:   Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Borza Peter
Published: February 2024

Before the establishment of Czechoslovakia, a small community of Greek Catholics lived in Prague. Mostly they were soldiers, but after the First World War, Greek Catholic believers from the east of the republic began to move to the new metropolis and their numbers grew both in the city and in the Czech lands. Belonging to a religious denomination motivated them to associate and form a Greek Catholic parish as an offi cial branch of the church. The small community added to the colourful mosaic of the religious and cultural life of the town. This study examines the eff orts to formalize the parish and presents the involvement of local church members in religious, cultural and charitable areas. The positive development taking place between 1918 and 1938 was disrupted by political changes in the Central European area. The consequences of the rise of Nazism and Communism, which marked the lives of both priests and individual believers, are illustrated through the example of a small community. Their fates are intertwined with those of the Czechoslovak Republic and the Greek Catholic Church.
Peptidylarginine Deiminases Inhibitors Decrease Endothelial Cells Angiogenic Potential by Affecting Akt Signaling and the Expression and Secretion of Angiogenic Factors
Authors: Ciesielski Oskar , Pirola Luciano , Balcerczyk Aneta
Published: February 2024

Background/Aims: Endothelial cells (ECs) play a crucial role in various physiological processes, particularly those related to the cardiovascular system, but also those affecting the entire organism. The biology of ECs is regulated by multiple biochemical stimuli and epigenetic drivers that govern gene expression. We investigated the angiogenic potential of ECs from a protein citrullination perspective, regulated by peptidyl-arginine deiminases (PADs) that modify histone and non-histone proteins. Although the involvement of PADs has been demonstrated in several physiological processes, inflammation-related disorders and cancer, their role in angiogenesis remains unclear. Methods: To elucidate the role of PADs in endothelial angiogenesis, we used two human EC models: primary vein (HUVECs) and microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). PADs activity was inhibited using irreversible inhibitors: BB-Cl-amidine, Cl-amidine and F-amidine. We analyzed all three steps of angiogenesis in vitro : proliferation, migration, and capillary-like tube formation, as well as secretory activities, gene expression and signaling in ECs. Results: All used PAD inhibitors reduced the histone H3 citrullination (H3cit) mark, inhibited endothelial cell migration and capillary-like tube formation, and favored an angiostatic activity in HMEC-1 cells, by increasing PEDF (pigment epithelium-derived factor) and reducing VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) mRNA expression and protein secretion. Additionally, BB-Cl-amidine reduced the total activity of MMPs (Matrix metalloproteinases). The observed effects were underlined by the inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that pharmacological inhibitors of citrullination are promising therapeutic agents to target angiogenesis.
International Law and Maldives: Navigating Geopolitics, Trade and Sovereignty
Authors: Anathavinayagan Thamil Venthan , Shaheed Ahmed , Siddiqui Nizamuddin Ahmad , Imran Mohd
Published: February 2024

Summary: The Maldives, an Indian Ocean archipelagic nation, holds a unique geopolitical significance in international relations. Its historical roots in global trade, particularly with Arab and Persian merchants, established a necessity for foreign trade due to limited resources. The European arrival disrupted established trade networks, leading to a new order dominated by European corporations. The nation, barring a brief Portuguese occupation, maintained sovereignty, and resisted foreign intervention. It developed an Islamic legal system, sustaining Sharia law. Post-independence, it actively engaged in international bodies, emphasizing self-determination, climate change, and small island issues. Recent initiatives include artificial islands and active participation in international treaties, but it faced challenges in international arbitration disputes, with substantial losses. The Maldives has transitioned from a focus on commercial diplomacy to broader foreign policy geared toward trade and investment. This transition coincided with its graduation from the Least Developed Country category. Its engagement with international law covers various aspects such as sea level rise, maritime delimitation, treaties, investment agreements, and tax policies, showcasing its evolving global interactions. The country's commitment to international bodies, human rights, and global norms reflects its stance as an active participant in the international community, despite challenges in international disputes and economic dependency on foreign investments.
PRÓLOGO
Authors: Carloni Franca Alida
Published: February 2024

Prólogo. La complejidad del mundo de Edgar Morin como laberinto de culturas y de vidas
La Teoría de la Complejidad de Morin en el proceso comunicativo
Authors: González Samé Héctor
Published: February 2024

Este trabajo pretender analizar la incidencia de la teoría de la complejidad de Morin en el proceso comunicativo a partir de ideas, conceptos y nociones de diversa procedencia teórica. Se parte de considerar la transcendencia dialéctica y creativa de la noción de complejidad propuesta por Morin, reinterpretando preceptos comunicacionales desde el punto de vista del imperativo empírico de una sociedad globalizada, para esclarecer el valor educativo de estas teorías gracias a ser replanteadas desde la incertidumbre y la complejidad.
Denunciar injusticias. Mujeres contra malos jueces (Corona de Castilla, finales siglo XV)
Authors: Caselli Elisa
Published: February 2024

Durante el Antiguo Régimen, los jueces se alzaban como la figura central del ámbito judicial, eran ellos quienes «determinaban la justicia». Su imagen se enaltecía, al actuar por designación del rey, quien era considerado Vicario de Dios en la tierra para hacer justicia en su nombre. De todos modos, cuando los magistrados cometían algún tipo de abuso, solían ser denunciados por las personas afectadas y debían responder por ello. En numerosas ocasiones, esas denunciantes eran mujeres, las que, como se ha demostrado, tenían una amplia presencia ante los estrados de la justicia. En esta oportunidad, se analiza, en una primera parte, la trascendencia de la figura del juez; y luego, acusaciones de mujeres contra malos jueces, en el ámbito jurisdiccional de la Corona de Castilla, hacia finales del siglo xv.
El deudor descuartizado (Doce tablas, tab. III, 6). Un análisis
Authors: Muñiz Coello Joaquín
Published: February 2024

Conocemos el contenido de las Doce Tablas a través de las referencias que los autores clásicos varios siglos después incluyeron en sus escritos. El resultado es una reconstrucción imperfecta, muy parcial, llena de conjeturas y cuestiones por entender y resolver, entre las que destaca el asunto del destino judicial al deudor insolvente. La crudeza y severidad del mismo generó una extensa controversia en los autors desde la misma Roma Clásica a la actualdad, compitiendo hoy en las interpretaciones más imaginativas. Nosotros analizamos los datos y su contenido a la luz de la evolución histórica del tema hasta la actualidad, extrayendo conclusiones.
Occurrence of Heavy Metal in Green Coconut Water and Surface Seawater of the Sea Beach Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmad Monsur , Junayed Md , Badsha Md. Rahim , Quader Md. Fahad Bin , Morshed Shamsul
Published: February 2024

Background: Green coconut water is a most popular functional drink in all tropical countries. The presence of toxic heavy metals in surface seawater is a major problem globally, with a large share in developing countries like Bangladesh. The objective of the study was to assess the concentration of heavy metals like Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Cd in green coconut water and surface seawater around sea beach areas of Bangladesh. Methods: Green coconut water and surface seawater samples were collected from six sea beach areas and transferred to the laboratory. Then, they were allowed for digestion, and finally, the concentration of heavy metal was assessed by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Results: In green coconut water, the concentrations of heavy metal exist bellowing the safe limit with the following order: Pb > Cr > Cu > Ni > Cd. But, Pb, and Cr were prevalent in surface seawater and found to decrease in a sequence of Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd, Cu. Besides, Human health risks associated with the intake of these metals were evaluated in terms of metal pollution index (MPI), daily intake of metals (DIM), health risk index (HRI), and hazard index (HI). However, most of the index values were found to be bellowing the reference value. Conclusion: The concentration of green coconut water is almost proportional to surface seawater in sea beach areas. The high prevalence of Pb and Cr in surface seawater is alarming, and this impact is already seen in green coconut water. So, it is necessary to take action on seawater pollution in Bangladesh.
Effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Method to Increase Students' Knowledge and Attitudes About Early Marriage
Authors: Ayomi Sri , Ngestiningrum Ayesha Hendriana , Herlina Tutiek
Published: February 2024

Background: High number of teenage marriages is a very worrying phenomenon because it causes various negative impacts on both reproductive health and social life. Indonesia is ranked second in ASEAN and eighth in the world for cases of early marriage. In the Mlarak sub-district, Ponorogo Regency, 8% of marriages were under 19 years of age. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) method to increased students' knowledge and attitudes about early marriage. Method: Research design was pre- experimental with a pretest - post test one group design. The sample was class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Mlarak, Ponorogo Regency, taken by proportional random sampling technique followed by Simple Random Sampling as many as 60 students. Collecting data using a questionnaire instrument. The independent variable is the PBL method while the dependent variable is knowledge and attitudes about early marriage. Data analysis used Paired Sample T Test with 0.05. Results: The results showed there is increase in the average knowledge of student by 14.08 and student attitudes by 12.2 after using the Problem Based Learning method. The results of the Paired Sample T Test 0.000 for the knowledge variable and 0.000 for the attitude variable, which means Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Conclusion: PBL method is effective in increasing knowledge about early marriage. The PBL method is effective in increasing attitudes about early marriage. Suggestions for teenagers to increase their knowledge about early marriage so that students' attitudes about early marriage can increase.
The expanding roles of Nr6a1 in development and evolution
Authors: Li Jingxuan , Mascarinas Pauline , McGlinn Edwina
Published: February 2024

The Nuclear Receptor (NR) family of transcriptional regulators possess the ability to sense signalling molecules and directly couple that to a transcriptional response. While this large class of proteins are united by sequence and structural homology, individual NR functional output varies greatly depending on their expression, ligand selectivity and DNA binding sequence specificity. Many NRs have remained somewhat enigmatic, with the absence of a defined ligand categorising them as orphan nuclear receptors. One example is Nuclear Receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 (Nr6a1), an orphan nuclear receptor that has no close evolutionary homologs and thus is alone in subfamily 6. Nonetheless, Nr6a1 has emerged as an important player in the regulation of key pluripotency and developmental genes, as functionally critical for mid-gestational developmental progression and as a possible molecular target for driving evolutionary change in animal body plan. Here, we review the current knowledge on this enigmatic nuclear receptor and how it impacts development and evolution.
Excess fermentation and lactic acidosis as detrimental functions of the gut microbes in treatment-naive TB patients
Authors: Yunusbaeva Milyausha , Borodina Liliya , Terentyeva Darya , Bogdanova Anna , Zakirova Aigul , Bulatov Shamil , Altinbaev Radick , Bilalov Fanil , Yunusbayev Bayazit
Published: February 2024

Introduction

The link between gut microbiota and host immunity motivated numerous studies of the gut microbiome in tuberculosis (TB) patients. However, these studies did not explore the metabolic capacity of the gut community, which is a key axis of impact on the host’s immunity.

Methods

We used deep sequencing of fecal samples from 23 treatment-naive TB patients and 48 healthy donors to reconstruct the gut microbiome’s metabolic capacity and strain/species-level content.

Results

We show that the systematic depletion of the commensal flora of the large intestine, Bacteroidetes, and an increase in Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria such as Streptococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Enterobacteriaceae explains the strong taxonomic divergence of the gut community in TB patients. The cumulative expansion of diverse disease-associated pathobionts in patients reached 1/4 of the total gut microbiota, suggesting a heavy toll on host immunity along with MTB infection. Reconstruction of metabolic pathways showed that the microbial community in patients shifted toward rapid growth using glycolysis and excess fermentation to produce acetate and lactate. Higher glucose availability in the intestine likely drives fermentation to lactate and growth, causing acidosis and endotoxemia.

Discussion

Excessive fermentation and lactic acidosis likely characterize TB patients’ disturbed gut microbiomes. Since lactic acidosis strongly suppresses the normal gut flora, directly interferes with macrophage function, and is linked to mortality in TB patients, our findings highlight gut lactate acidosis as a novel research focus. If confirmed, gut acidosis may be a novel potential host-directed treatment target to augment traditional TB treatment.
Characterization of tularemia foci in the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Izbanova U. , Lukhnova L. , Sadovskaya V. , Zhumadilova Z. , Meka-Mechenko T. , Shevtsov A. , Baitursyn B. , Turebekov N. , Tukhanova N.
Published: February 2024

The wide distribution of tularemia in the territory of Kazakhstan is associated with landscape and geographical characteristics. This is explained by a combination of natural factors: the presence of certain types of rodents—reservoirs and sources, ectoparasites—carriers of the causative agent of tularemia. The study of the current spatial and temporal characterization of tularemia in Kazakhstan from 2000 to 2020 will determine the epidemiological status of tularemia and improve the monitoring system in Kazakhstan. In this work we demonstrated the results of a retrospective survey of natural foci of tularemia: analysis of vector, small mammal and human data. The spatial and temporal characteristics of tularemia from 2000 to 2020 in the territory of Kazakhstan were studied in comparison with historical data, including the description of tularemia outbreaks, the clinical picture, and the source of infection, transmission factors, and geographical coordinates of outbreak registration. Sampling was carried out by trapping rodents on snap traps and collecting ticks by rodent combing and by "flagging" methods. For the last 20 years, 85 human cases of tularemia have been reported. During the period from 2000 to 2020, more than 600 strains of F. tularensis were isolated from field rodents and ticks in the natural foci of tularemia. MLVA typing of F. tularensis strains isolated from natural foci of tularemia in Kazakhstan over the past 20 years. The results of retrospective monitoring indicate that currently active foci of tularemia include the Aktobe, West Kazakhstan, Almaty, East Kazakhstan, and Pavlodar regions. Low-activity natural foci are located in the territory of the Akmola, Karaganda, North Kazakhstan, Kostanay, Atyrau, Zhambyl, and Kyzylorda regions. There are no active natural foci of tularemia in the Mangystau and Turkestan regions. The widespread occurrence of tularemia in the country is associated with landscape and geographical features that contribute to the circulation of the pathogen in the natural focus. An analysis of natural foci of tularemia showed that it is necessary to continue monitoring studies of carriers and vectors for the presence of the causative agent of the F. tularensis, in order to prevent mass cases of human disease.
Using genetics to investigate the association between lanosterol and cataract
Authors: Hashimi Munisa , Amin Hasnat A. , Zagkos Loukas , Day Alexander C. , Drenos Fotios
Published: February 2024

Background: Cataract is one of the most prevalent causes of blindness worldwide. Whilst surgery is the primary treatment for cataracts, it is not always an available option, particularly in developing countries. Non-surgical methods of treatment would increase treatment availability for more patients. Several studies have investigated how topical application of oxysterols, such as lanosterol, may break down aggregated proteins and restore lens transparency. However, the results are conflicting and inconclusive.

Aim: In this study, we focus on combining genetic evidence for associations between lanosterol related genetic variation and cataract to explore whether lanosterol is a potentially suitable drug treatment option.

Method: Using data from 45,449 available cataract cases from the UK Biobank, with participant ages ranging from 40–69, we conducted a genetic association study (GWAS) to assess the risk of cataract. Cataract cases were defined using diagnostic and operation codes. We focused on genetic variants in the lanosterol synthase gene region. We also compared our results with previously published genetic associations of phytosterol-to-lanosterol ratios. Finally, we performed a genetic risk score analysis to test the association between lanosterol within the cholesterol synthesis pathway and the risk of cataract.

Results: No statistically significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associations with cataract were observed in the gene region of lanosterol synthase at a multiple testing adjusted significance threshold of p < 0.05/13. The comparison between cataract risk and genetic association of 8 phytosterol-to-lanosterol GWAS results also showed no evidence to support lanosterol’s protective properties for cataract risk. No statistically significant association was found between the lanosterol within the cholesterol synthesis pathway genetic risk score and cataract outcomes (OR = 1.002 p = 0.568).

Conclusion: There was no evidence observed for genetic associations between lanosterol and cataract risk. Our results do not support lanosterol’s potential role in treating cataracts. Further research may be needed to address the effect of lanosterol on specific cataract subtypes.
Identification and validation of a novel glycolysis-related ceRNA network for sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Cheng Lulu , Liang Jiabin , Xie Fangmei , Han Zeping , Luo Wenfeng , Chen Hanwei , He Jinhua
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) is a major life-threatening condition in critically infected patients. Early diagnosis and intervention are important to improve patient prognosis. Recognizing the pivotal involvement of the glycolytic pathway in SIC, this study aims to establish a glycolysis-related ceRNA network and explore novel diagnostic avenues.

Materials and methods

SIC-related datasets were carefully filtered from the GEO database. CytoHubba was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with glycolysis. A predictive method was then used to construct an lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. Dual-luciferase reporter assays validated gene interactions, and the specificity of this ceRNA network was confirmed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SIC patients. Logistic analysis was used to examine the correlation between the ceRNA network and SIC. Diagnostic potential was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and correlation analysis investigated any associations between gene expression and clinical indicators.

Results

IER3 was identified as glycolysis-related DEG in SIC, and a ceRNA network (SNHG17/miR-214-3p/IER3) was established by prediction. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed the presence of mutual binding between IER3, miR-214-3p and SNHG17. RT-qPCR verified the specific expression of this ceRNA network in SIC patients. Multivariate logistic analysis established the correlation between the ceRNA network and SIC. ROC analysis demonstrated its high diagnostic specificity (AUC > 0.8). Correlation analysis revealed a negative association between IER3 expression and oxygenation index in SIC patients (p < 0.05). Furthermore, miR-214-3p expression showed a negative correlation with NT-proBNP (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

In this study, we identified and validated a ceRNA network associated with glycolysis in SIC: SNHG17/miR-214-3p/IER3. This ceRNA network may play a critical role in the onset and development of SIC. This finding is important to further our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SIC and to explore potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for SIC.
Childhood vision impairment and blindness in West Africa: public health measures and implications for systemic health
Authors: Yeh Caleb , Huang Crystal , Huang Ye , Hartley Caleb D. , Fashina Tolulope , Ashby Nathaniel , Miller Chase , Shantha Jessica G. , Justin Grant A. , Chan R. V. Paul , Mattia John G. , Vandy Matthew J. , Harrison-Williams Lloyd , Mustapha Jalikatu , Mwanza Jean-Claude , Yeh Steven
Published: February 2024

Childhood blindness is an issue of global health impact, affecting approximately 2 million children worldwide. Vision 2020 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals previously identified childhood blindness as a key issue in the twentieth century, and while public health measures are underway, the precise etiologies and management require ongoing investigation and care, particularly within resource-limited settings such as sub-Saharan Africa. We systematically reviewed the literature on childhood blindness in West Africa to identify the anatomic classification and etiologies, particularly those causes of childhood blindness with systemic health implications. Treatable causes included cataract, refractive error, and corneal disease. Systemic etiologies identified included measles, rubella, vitamin A deficiency, and Ebola virus disease. While prior public health measures including vitamin A supplementation and vaccination programs have been deployed in most countries with reported data, multiple studies reported preventable or reversible etiologies of blindness and vision impairment. Ongoing research is necessary to standardize reporting for anatomies and/or etiologies of childhood blindness to determine the necessity of further development and implementation of public health measures that would ameliorate childhood blindness and vision impairment.
Diversity of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria isolated from Australian chicken and pork meat
Authors: Dixit Ojas V. A. , Behruznia Mahboobeh , Preuss Aidan L. , O’Brien Claire L.
Published: February 2024

Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are frequently isolated from retail meat and may infect humans. To determine the diversity of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in Australian retail meat, bacteria were cultured on selective media from raw chicken (n = 244) and pork (n = 160) meat samples obtained from all four major supermarket chains in the ACT/NSW, Australia, between March and June 2021. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed for 13 critically and 4 highly important antibiotics as categorised by the World Health Organization (WHO) for a wide range of species detected in the meat samples. A total of 288 isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify the presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, virulence genes, and plasmids. AST testing revealed that 35/288 (12%) of the isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant (MDR). Using WGS data, 232/288 (81%) of the isolates were found to harbour resistance genes for critically or highly important antibiotics. This study reveals a greater diversity of AMR genes in bacteria isolated from retail meat in Australia than previous studies have shown, emphasising the importance of monitoring AMR in not only foodborne pathogenic bacteria, but other species that are capable of transferring AMR genes to pathogenic bacteria.
Spatiotemporal assembly and functional composition of planktonic microeukaryotic communities along productivity gradients in a subtropical lake
Authors: Zou Songbao , Lian Qingping , Ni Meng , Zhou Dan , Liu Mei , Zhang Xin , Chen Guangmei , Yuan Julin
Published: February 2024

Microeukaryotes play crucial roles in the microbial loop of freshwater ecosystems, functioning both as primary producers and bacterivorous consumers. However, understanding the assembly of microeukaryotic communities and their functional composition in freshwater lake ecosystems across diverse environmental gradients remains limited. Here, we utilized amplicon sequencing of 18S rRNA gene and multivariate statistical analyses to examine the spatiotemporal and biogeographical patterns of microeukaryotes in water columns (at depths of 0.5, 5, and 10 m) within a subtropical lake in eastern China, covering a 40 km distance during spring and autumn of 2022. Our results revealed that complex and diverse microeukaryotic communities were dominated by Chlorophyta (mainly Chlorophyceae), Fungi, Alveolata, Stramenopiles, and Cryptophyta lineages. Species richness was higher in autumn than in spring, forming significant hump-shaped relationships with chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a, an indicator of phytoplankton biomass). Microeukaryotic communities exhibited significant seasonality and distance-decay patterns. By contrast, the effect of vertical depth was negligible. Stochastic processes mainly influenced the assembly of microeukaryotic communities, explaining 63, 67, and 55% of community variation for spring, autumn, and both seasons combined, respectively. Trait-based functional analysis revealed the prevalence of heterotrophic and phototrophic microeukaryotic plankton with a trade-off along N:P ratio, Chl-a, and dissolved oxygen (DO) gradients. Similarly, the mixotrophic proportions were significantly and positively correlated with Chl-a and DO concentrations. Overall, our findings may provide useful insights into the assembly patterns of microeukaryotes in lake ecosystem and how their functions respond to environmental changes.
Genomic surveillance indicates clonal replacement of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae ST881 and ST29 lineage strains in vivo
Authors: Liu Ning , Lou Ningjie , Huang Jiajie , Chen Zhenhao , Li Bing , Zhang Zhongheng , Hong Yucai , Cao Liping , Xiao Wei
Published: February 2024

The emergence of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) poses a significant public health threat, particularly regarding its carriage in the healthy population. However, the genomic epidemiological characteristics and population dynamics of hvKp within a single patient across distinct infection episodes remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the clonal replacement of hvKp K2-ST881 and K54-ST29 lineage strains in a single patient experiencing multiple-site infections during two independent episodes. Two strains, designated EDhvKp-1 and EDhvKp-2, were obtained from blood and cerebrospinal fluid during the first admission, and the strain isolated from blood on the second admission was named EDhvKp-3. Whole-genome sequencing, utilizing both short-read Illumina and long-read Oxford Nanopore platforms, was conducted. In silico multilocus sequence typing (MLST), identification of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, and the phylogenetic relationship between our strains and other K. pneumoniae ST881 and ST29 genomes retrieved from the public database were performed. Virulence potentials were assessed through a mouse lethality assay. Our study indicated that the strains were highly susceptible to multiple antimicrobial agents. Plasmid sequence analysis confirmed that both virulence plasmids, pEDhvKp-1 (166,008 bp) and pEDhvKp-3 (210,948 bp), belonged to IncFIB type. Multiple virulence genes, including rmpA, rmpA2, rmpC, rmpD, iroBCDN, iucABCD, and iutA, were identified. EDhvKp-1 and EDhvKp-2 showed the closest relationship to strain 502 (differing by 51 SNPs), while EDhvKp-3 exhibited 69 SNPs differences compared to strain TAKPN-1, which all recovered from Chinese patients in 2020. In the mouse infection experiment, both ST881 EDhvKp-1 and ST29 EDhvKp-3 displayed similar virulence traits, causing 90 and 100% of the mice to die within 72 h after intraperitoneal infection, respectively. Our study expands the spectrum of hvKp lineages and highlights genomic alterations associated with clonal switching between two distinct lineages of hvKP that successively replaced each other in vivo. The development of novel strategies for the surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment of high-risk hvKp is urgently needed.
Improving depression-like behaviors caused by diabetes is likely to offer a new perspective for the treatment of non-healing chronic wounds
Authors: Dong Zhiqin , Wu Jijin , Cao Hanchen , Lu Jinqiang
Published: February 2024

Background

Three phases are often involved in the intricate process of wound healing: inflammatory exudation, cell proliferation, and tissue remodeling. It is challenging for wounds to heal if conditions like ischemia, persistent pressure, infection, repetitive trauma, or systemic or localized illnesses arise during the healing process. Chronic wounds are persistent injuries that do not follow the normal healing process and fail to progress through the stages of healing within a reasonable timeframe, like diabetic ulcers, vascular ulcers, pressure sores, and infectious wounds. Various factors affect chronic wound healing. A large body of research has illuminated that psychological distress may often be related to wound healing in clinical settings. Our observations have indicated that the pace of wound healing in diabetic mice is generally slower than that of healthy mice, and mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and fed a high-fat diet generally exhibit depression-like behavior. Our experiment delves into whether there is an inherent correlation and provides new ideas for clinical treatment to promote wound healing.

Methods

In order to explore the relationship between diabetes, depression, and wound healing, we observed wound healing through HE staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and IHC staining for CD31 and detected the depressive condition through behavioral tests. Then, RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of α-SMA, Col1, CD31, and VEGF in wound tissue. Finally, the related brain areas were regulated through chemical genetic methods and the process of wound healing was observed.

Conclusion

It has been observed that the lateral habenula (LHb) areas are associated with depression-like behavior induced by diabetes. Inhibiting LHb neuronal activity mitigates these depressive symptoms and enhances wound healing. Refractory wounds can be improved by considering patients' emotional issues from a broad standpoint, which provides fresh concepts for potential clinical treatments in the future.
Measuring cognitive flexibility: A brief review of neuropsychological, self-report, and neuroscientific approaches
Authors: Hohl Kelly , Dolcos Sanda
Published: February 2024

Cognitive flexibility involves dynamic processes that allow adaptation of our thinking and behavior in response to changing contextual demands. Despite a large consensus about its beneficial effects, cognitive flexibility is still poorly understood. In this mini review, we examined the main conceptualizations and approaches for assessing cognitive flexibility: (1) neuropsychological tasks, (2) self-report questionnaires, and (3) neuroscientific approaches. The reviewed evidence shows that the definition and assessment of cognitive flexibility are not unified within the field and suggests that a more consensual and consistent conceptualization and operationalization of this important concept is needed. We propose that an integrative behavior-brain-context approach can help advance our understanding of cognitive flexibility.