bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O olhar de residentes em Enfermagem Obstétrica para o contexto da violência obstétrica nas instituições
Authors: Menezes Fabiana Ramos de , Reis Gabriela Maciel dos , Sales Aline de Abreu Silvestre , Jardim Danubia Mariane Barbosa , Lopes Tatiana Coelho
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho pretendeu compreender a percepção de residentes em Enfermagem Obstétrica sobre violência obstétrica em uma maternidade referência do município de Belo Horizonte, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Trata-se de estudo descritivo e exploratório de abordagem qualitativa. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio de grupo focal. Para análise dos dados foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin, da qual emergiram três categorias: condutas inadequadas de assistência ao parto; procedimentos desnecessários com finalidades didáticas e/ou iatrogênicas; e preconceito de gênero, raça/etnia e de classe socioeconômica. O estudo aponta que as residentes reconhecem a prática da violência obstétrica no processo de formação e suas repercussões para a mulher e, ainda, evidencia a necessidade premente de investimento institucional em espaços que promovam discussões sobre a violência obstétrica.
Política de Atenção Integral aos usuários de álcool e outras drogas: uma análise guiada por narrativas
Authors: Silva Maria Alice Bastos , Abrahão Ana Lúcia
Published: September 2019

O problema do uso abusivo de drogas e as formas de atenção ao usuário movimentam diversos setores da sociedade em torno de discursos de proibição e de redução de danos (RD). Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar os mecanismos de enunciação dos gestores do Ministério da Saúde, à época da construção da Política para Atenção Integral aos Usuários de Álcool e outras Drogas. Trata-se de narrativas que foram analisadas na perspectiva genealógica inspirada em Michael Foucault. Destacamos fragmentos nos mecanismos de enunciação que fortalecem o território criminalizador e de exclusão.
O que pessoas que usam drogas buscam em serviços de saúde? Compreensões para além da abstinência
Authors: Machado Ana Regina , Modena Celina Maria , Luz Zélia Maria Profeta da
Published: September 2019

Proposições de modificação da Atenção no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) às pessoas que usam drogas têm desconsiderado suas necessidades, demandas e expectativas. A partir de contribuições da Saúde Coletiva, buscou-se compreendê-las por meio de pesquisa qualitativa que envolveu entrevistas semiestruturadas, grupos focais e observação participante em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial-Álcool e Drogas (Caps-AD). Constatou-se que os usuários se dirigem aos serviços não apenas para interromper o consumo de drogas, mas também para reduzi-lo, para receber atenção em relação a comprometimentos orgânicos ou psíquicos, construir laços sociais, ter acesso a condições básicas de vida e conquistar autonomia. A pesquisa, ao ampliar as compreensões sobre as demandas, necessidades e expectativas das pessoas que usam drogas, apresentou contribuições para a análise e redefinição das práticas e do modelo de atenção adotados no SUS.
Os vinte anos da Educação na Interface: trajetória, tendências e desafios
Authors: Sordi Mara Regina Lemes De , Santos Marcos Henrique Almeida dos , Mendes Geisa do Socorro Cavalcanti Vaz
Published: September 2019

O texto resgata os vinte anos do eixo Educação na revista Interface e problematiza essa trajetória a partir de suas publicações. O olhar para esses trabalhos revela as tendências predominantes e reflete acerca dos desafios para as próximas décadas. As categorias de análise: Formação Profissional em Saúde; Políticas de Reorientação da Formação Profissional em Saúde/Docência em Saúde; Práticas Educativas em Saúde e Fundamentos Teóricos e/ou Metodológicos da Educação são acionadas para contemplar o conjunto de temáticas abordadas pelos autores no período histórico do estudo e nos diferentes espaços da revista, em estreita relação com suas finalidades no âmbito da socialização do conhecimento no campo da educação e saúde. Conclui-se que o periódico tem se mostrado espaço importante de sistematização e reflexões tanto dos desafios gerais da educação quanto dos específicos da educação em saúde, potencializando avanços qualitativos na formação profissional.
Produção de conhecimento sobre avaliação educacional publicada no Brasil durante a década de 1980
Authors: Borges Regilson Maciel , Rothen José Carlos
Published: September 2019

O artigo apresenta mapeamento da produção de conhecimento sobre avaliação educacional publicada no Brasil durante a década de 1980. O referencial teórico e metodológico se baseou na literatura que discute os procedimentos para a coleta de dados em estudos bibliométricos. Os resultados fornecem a ideia do estado da arte da evolução desse campo de conhecimento, bem como permitem algumas constatações a respeito da construção do campo da avaliação no Brasil, evidenciando, por exemplo, o local em que se encontra esse campo e quais os principais autores que o formam.
Normose Acadêmica: como superar a ‘doença da normalidade’ na Universidade
Authors: Souza Renato Santos de
Published: September 2019

No presente artigo me proponho a discutir o que entendo ser uma doença da academia atual, que denominei de Normose Acadêmica. Nele defino-a como o adoecimento do sistema de produção de conhecimento e formação acadêmica que conduz à burocratização da produção e inibe a atividade intelectual criativa, levando a uma improdutiva normalização da produção científica. No artigo tento desvendar a extensão, implicações e causas da Normose, discuto as razões de sua persistência e levanto propostas para a mitigação de seus danos e possível cura. Concluo afirmando a necessidade de fomentar a discussão para que se encontrem caminhos que nos ofereçam uma vida acadêmica mais realizadora e com melhor uso dos recursos e espaços públicos.
Evaluation of effectiveness of geotextile in reducing subgrade migration in rigid pavement
Authors: Kermani B. , Stoffels S. M. , Xiao M.
Published: September 2019

Pumping in rigid pavements is defined as the migration of subgrade soil into the overlying layers, redistribution of materials under the slabs, and ejection of materials through joints. Pumping can compromise pavement performance. This study evaluated geotextiles as separation and filtration solutions to mitigate pumping and reduce the resulting pavement joint faulting. A one-third scale Model Mobile Load Simulator (MMLS3) was used to simulate cyclic loading on a scaled rigid highway pavement that has experienced some loss of load transfer. The results from four tests were compared to assess the effectiveness of geotextile in reducing pumping. The four experiments had identical configurations, except that a geotextile was placed at the subgrade-subbase interface in two tests. Non-plastic saturated silt and partially saturated aggregate were used as the subgrade and subbase, respectively. Using a geotextile at the subgrade-subbase interface substantially reduced pumping. More fines accumulated in the subbase beneath the approach slab than the leave slab, which resulted in faulting of the slabs. However, the magnitude of this faulting was more pronounced for the cases without geotextile. Reductions of 71% and 52% occurred in the magnitude of subgrade migration and faulting, respectively, when using geotextile. To conclude, geotextile can be effective in mitigating pumping, leading to longer-lasting pavement systems.
The reutilization of expired waste zinc gluconate for ZnO/C anode in lithium-ion battery
Authors: Hou Hongying , Wang Lei , Meng Kun , Qiu Jinxu , Zhu Jing
Published: September 2019

Zinc gluconate is widely used as a nutrient because the zinc ion (Zn2+) participates in the synthesis of enzymes. However, the improper management of expired waste zinc gluconate could result in the influx of excessive zinc ions into the environment and thus cause damage to organisms. For this purpose, expired waste zinc gluconate was first recycled through a hydrothermal reaction and pyrolysis for a zinc oxide (ZnO)/carbon (C) composite. Furthermore, the effect of the hydrothermal reaction time on the morphology and electrochemical performance of the zinc oxide/carbon composite was also investigated. The results showed that the combination mode of zinc oxide with carbon microspheres could be controlled by tailoring the hydrothermal reaction time. The carbon content of the composite with a hydrothermal time of 5 h (ZnO/C-5h) was 53 wt%, slightly lower than the 55 wt% of the composite with a hydrothermal time of 9 h (ZnO/C-9h). Resultantly, the ZnO/C-5h anode exhibited higher electrochemical performance due to better phase interface. For example, the reversible discharge capacity of the ZnO/C-5h anode remained 270 mAh/g at 1000 mA/g for 500 cycles, higher than the 183 mAh/g of the ZnO/C-9h anode. Better phase interface and the synergistic effect may contribute to better electrochemical performance. These results could provide a recycling paradigm for expired waste zinc gluconate.
The Economic Effects of Trade Policy Uncertainty
Authors: Caldara Dario , Iacoviello Matteo , Molligo Patrick , Prestipino Andrea , Raffo Andrea
Published: September 2019

We study the effects of unexpected changes in trade policy uncertainty (TPU) on the U.S. economy. We construct three measures of TPU based on newspaper coverage, firms&amp;#x27; earnings conference calls, and aggregate data on tari rates. We document that increases in TPU reduce investment and activity using both firm-level and aggregate macroeconomic data. We interpret the empirical results through the lens of a two-country general equilibrium model with nominal rigidities and firms&amp;#x27; export participation decisions. In the model as in the data, news and increased uncertainty about higher future tariffs reduce investment and activity.
The Implementation of the Green Economy Concept at the Level of the Agglomeration: Russian Experience of Regional and Municipal Interests Harmonization
Authors:   Ural State Forest Engineering University, Vukovic Natalia A. , Larionova Viola A. ,   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Biryulina Victoria V. ,   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin
Published: September 2019

Introduction. The urban agglomeration is considered to be an integral informal economic entity uniting economic interests of its municipalities and expressing the interests of the whole territory, which can become the driving force of the “green” economy strategy. Aims. The research is aimed at a content and comparative analysis of scientific and factual material on the implementation of the green economy concept at a regional level; generalization are based on a systematic approach and principles of complex territory development. Results. The efficiency and opportunities of transition to “green” economy principles have been analysed at the regional level. As a result, recommendations have been made on implementing the “green” economy concept at agglomeration level, since the high level of agglomeration core socioeconomic development as well as the broad opportunities of minimizing environmental risks and multiplying natural capital of small cities, make it possible to synchronize economic growth, optimize the use of natural resources and increase the effect of decoupling. Conclusion. Using the agglomeration of Big Ekaterinburg as an example, the authors have shown that the strategic planning documents at the municipal level need to be fundamentally reviewed in the context of complex territory development, implementation of the “green” economic principles and harmonization of environmental, economic and social objectives.
Strength and conditioning practices of high school rugby coaches: A South African context
Authors: Robinson Bradley , Pote Lee , Christie Candice
Published: September 2019

Although rugby union as a sport is well established, the strength and conditioning practices of high school level players are not well known. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to examine the current strength and conditioning practices that coaches implement at South African high school level rugby. A secondary purpose was to compare practices between high schools of different socio-economic status in South Africa. An online survey or in person interview (depending on the school) was conducted and 43 responses were received: from 28 coaches at schools among the top 100 rugby schools in South Africa for 2016 and from 15 coaches at no-fee public schools in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Most coaches (72%) performed some form of physical testing, with the most common parameter tested being ‘speed’. The most common strength and conditioning practices utilised included flexibility (stretching), speed (free sprinting), agility (cone drills), plyometric (box drills) and resistance (weight lifting) training. Unlike the no-fee schools, the top 100 rugby schools implemented conditioning practices similar to best-known international practices. Furthermore, no-fee school coaches did not have the qualifications necessary to administer the correct training techniques. Education and upskilling on the best strength and conditioning practices for school level coaches need to be improved, particularly in less privileged schools. Such improvement is crucial to the transformation goals set out by the South African Rugby Union, which would benefit from player development in lower socio-economic schools.

Significance:

The top 100 rugby playing schools in the country implement similar strength and conditioning practices to the best known international practices.

Education of coaches is key to the implementation of correct strength and conditioning practices, specifically at underprivileged schools.
Spatial variability of PM10, PM2.5 and PM chemical components in an industrialised rural area within a mountainous terrain
Authors: Tshehla Cheledi , Wright Caradee Y.
Published: September 2019

We describe the measurement and spatial variability of particulate matter (PM) chemical composition, PM10 and PM2.5 in the Greater Tubatse Municipality, South Africa. Monthly samples were collected over 12 months (July 2015 to June 2016) using the inexpensive and easy to operate passive samplers of the University of North Carolina. Sites for sample collection were located at private residences, a church, a hospital and a school. Concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and PM chemical components were determined using computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The annual observed concentrations at all sites were below the South African National Ambient Air Quality Standards of 40 μg/m3 for PM10 and 25 μg/m3 for PM2.5. The Cr-rich and CrFe-rich particles showed substantial heterogeneity with high concentrations observed near the chrome smelters, and Si-rich particles were highest near the silicon mine. SiAl-rich particles were highest at sites close to busy roads, while SiAlFe-rich particles were less spatially distributed. The low spatial variability of SiAlFe-rich particles indicates that these elements are mainly found in crustal material. Using the synoptic meteorological parameters of The Air Pollution Model, we were unable to effectively determine correlations between PM10 and mixing height, Monin–Obukhov length, air pollution potential, or coefficient of divergence.

Significance:

We have shown that the use of University of North Carolina passive samplers coupled with computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy is effective in determining the chemical composition of PM.

The use of passive samplers is a cheap and effective method to collect data in remote areas of South Africa which have limited or no electricity supply.

Assessment of the spatial distribution of PM and PM chemical components can assist in the development of effective air quality management strategies.
Innovar o morir: perspectivas desde el ámbito educativo. Innovate or die: perspectives from the educational field
Authors: Gutiérrez Montoya Guillermo
Published: September 2019

One of the key factors that today is being positively encourage in almost any activity is “innovation”. The most successful contemporary businesses are the most innovative, for example, Google that is impacting the business world with its innovative solutions, but also the academic world. At a country level, innovation is also a determining factor for productivity and economic growth; it is so important that it is taken into account in the global competitiveness index of the Worldwide Economic Forum. For our countries to go forward in economic and human development, we should make innovation a priority, as source of change, breaking old paradigms and changing the way we think.
Implementation of Event-Based Dynamic Authentication on MQTT Protocol
Authors: Pahlevi Rizka Reza , Sukarno Parman , Erfianto Bayu
Published: September 2019

This paper proposes an authentication mechanism on the MQ Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol. The exchange of data in the IoT system became an important activity. The MQTT protocol is a fast and lightweight communication protocol for IoT. One of the problems with the MQTT protocol is that there is no security mechanism in the initial setup. One security attack may occur during the client registration phase. The client registration phase has a vulnerability to accept false clients due to the absence of an authentication mechanism. An authentication mechanism has been previously made using Transport Layer Security (TLS). However, the TLS mechanism consumes more than 100 KB of data memory and is not suitable for devices that have limitations. Therefore, a suitable authentication mechanism for constraint devices is required. This paper proposes a protocol for authentication mechanisms using dynamic and event-based authentication for the MQTT protocol. The eventbased is used to reduce the computing burden of constraint devices. Dynamic usage is intended to provide different authentication properties for each session so that it can improve authentication security. As results, the applied of the event-based dynamic authentication protocol was successful in the constraint devices of  microcontrollers and broker. The microcontroller, as a client, is able to process the proposed protocol. The client uses 52% of the memory for the proposed protocol and only consumes 2% higher than the protocol without security. The broker can find authentic clients and constraint devices capable of computing to carry out mutual authentication processes to clients. The broker uses a maximum of 4.3 MB of real memory and a maximum CPU usage of 3.7%.
Internet addiction among adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: LUŞ Melek , EROĞLU Meliha Zengin
Published: September 2019

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between Internet addiction (IA) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among adolescents. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with adolescents aged 12–17; ADHD group consisted of 100 children were diagnosed with ADHD and the control group of the study consisted of 95 children who did not have any psychiatric diagnosis. A total of 195 adolescents completed the Young Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS) and were assessed for ADHD symptoms. Personal Information Questionnaire was used to obtain information about characteristics of internet usage. Results: The average YIAS score of ADHD group is 30.97±17.74 and found to be significantly higher than the control group. The most preferred website by the ADHD group is computer game sites (35%). ADHD group prefer to play adventure games mostly (27%)There is no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of parent’s control rate of internet usage, disrupting effect of internet usage on daily activity, rate of negative effects of internet usage on family relations and friendship relations and effects of internet usage on eating and sleeping habits.Conclusion: As we know from previous studies, the association between IA and reward deficiency is also related with the high frequency of comorbid ADHD but our results are incompatible with the literature related to internet addiction and excessive use of the internet. It is considered that prospective longitudinal studies with larger groups are needed.
The role of mast cell in pterygium recurrence
Authors: TURAN Meydan , TURAN Gülay
Published: September 2019

Purpose: To investigate the role in pterygium recurrence of mast cell, which is known to play a role in inflammatory and immunological events, we aimed to determine the mast cell number in primary and recurrent pterygium tissue samples and to determine its relationship with angiogenesis.Materials and Methods: The study included 61 patients with pterygium who underwent primary pterygium excision with a bare sclera technique, but recurrent after a while. Primary and recurrent pterygium tissue samples of the same patient were examined histopathologically. The mean mast cell count was calculated by counting from 3 different areas under light microscope at 400 x magnification. In addition, the number of vessels was scored at 200x magnification.Results: 34 of the patients were male and 27 were female. The mean age was 57.02 ± 7.96. The mean mast cell count was 8.46±2.52 in the primary pterygium tissue and 14.07±3.05 in the recurrent pterygium tissue. The mean vascular count was 12.90 ± 3.17 in primary pterygium tissue and 16.21 ± 2.24 in recurrent pterygium. Statistical analysis revealed a significant increase in the number of mast cells and vascular number in the recurrent pterygium. Mast cell number and vascularity were correlated in primary pterygium and recurrent pterygium tissue samples.Conclusion: Increased mast cell in pterygium tissue may play an important role in the recurrence of pterygium. Determining mast cell count in preventing pterygium recurrence may be important.
The 1892 Chaman, Pakistan, Earthquake
Authors: Bilham Roger , Kakar Najeeb Ullah , Kakar Din Mohammad , Wang Kang , Bürgmann Roland , Barnhart William D.
Published: September 2019

The >1000‐km‐long transform fault defining the continental western boundary of the Indian plate (Fig. 1) is named after the town of Old Chaman (30.85° N, 66.52° E) that was damaged by an 6.5<Mw<6.7 earthquake there in 1892 (Griesbach, 1893). We quantify slip and afterslip in the 1892 earthquake from historical reports of rail offsets and rotation, and estimate rupture length from survey reports. We estimate that total slip exceeded 1 m, similar to the current potential slip deficit now prevailing on the fault derived from recent Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and Global Positioning System studies. As a consequence, a recurrence of the 1892 earthquake could soon occur. In 1892, the population of Chaman numbered less than 1000. The present population of Chaman and nearby villages exceeds 0.5 million.
Преодолевая методологические различия: споры о познании политики в эпоху неопределенности
Authors: Гаман-Голутвина Оксана
Published: September 2019

В связи с неединичными оценками состояния современной политической науки как кризисного автор тестирует эту гипотезу применительно к одной из ключевых областей дисциплины – политической компаративистики, включая ее методологические измерения и методный инструментарий. Предпринятый в статье анализ эволюции компаративистики показывает, что для ее нынешнего этапа характерен мультипарадигмальный плюрализм, однако в отличие от методологической полифонии периода начала XXI в. (которая расценивалась как признак кризиса субдисциплины), этот плюрализм продуктивен. Нынешнее состояние компаративистики автор не рассматривает как кризисное, но оценивает как нуждающееся в существенном обновлении и предлагает рассматривать его, скорее, как фазу “нормальной науки” в терминах Т. Куна. Ключевой проблемой представляется нахождение методологического алгоритма компаративистики, адекватного постнеклассической динамике политики. Рассмотрение используемых в настоящее время сравнительных методов показывает, что ключевая задача в этой сфере – уточнение эффективного алгоритма использования количественных методов в связи с получившими распространение упрощенными процедурами их применения. Это определяет востребованность “компаративной” версии “Великих дебатов” для структурирования предметного поля, обновления методологии и методов субдисциплины.
An observational study on the prescription pattern of antihypertensive drugs in a private health care centre, Chennai
Authors: Panneerselvam Nithya , Shanmugam Hemanthkumar , Somasundaram Revathi , Khaier Ummul
Published: September 2019

Background: Hypertension is a public health problem worldwide. Elevated systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg are defined as Hypertension. The choice of an antihypertensive drug is based on its efficacy, side-effects, effects on other systems and cost. The objective of this study is to evaluate the prescription pattern of antihypertensive drugs in a private health care centre.Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out in the out-patient department of a private health care centre, Chennai from November 2018 to December 2018.Results: In the present study, 104 prescriptions were selected based on the inclusion criteria. In which 62 (59.61%) were males and 42 (40.38%) were females. Prescriptions belonging to age group of <40 years were 11 (10.57%), 40–59 years were 48 (46.15%) and >60 years were 45 (43.26%). Monotherapy was received by 62 hypertensive patients and as combination therapy by 42 patients.Conclusions: Even though the prescription pattern of antihypertensive drugs in this study complied with the recommended guidelines, clinicians should always be vigilant and consider change of regimen whenever necessary.
A comparative study of efficacy and safety of tamsulosin with nifedipine versus tamsulosin alone as medical expulsive therapy for lower ureteric stones
Authors: Suresh Arun , Sanji Narendranath , Nagarajappa Naveen Hebbal , Hanumanthareddy Shashikala Gowdara , Kamath Pallavi Mahadeva
Published: September 2019

Background: Lower ureteric stones (LUS) comprises of 70% of ureteric stones. Spontaneous passage depends on stone size and location in ureter. Impacted calculi initiate smooth muscles contractions causing ureteric spasms. α-1 blockers like tamsulosin and calcium channel blocker like nifedipine relaxes ureteric smooth muscle, facilitating spontaneous expulsion. Pain and discomfort associated with urolithiasis, hospitalization and surgical cost can be minimized by medical expulsive therapy. Many studies had compared efficacy of tamsulosin with nifedipine, only few have explored the combination. This study compared efficacy of nifedipine and tamsulosin versus tamsulosin alone.Methods: 64 patients with LUS (5-10 mm) were assigned into 2 groups. Group 1 received tamsulosin and nifedipine and group 2 only tamsulosin. Rate of expulsion, time to expulsion, analgesic frequency and pain VAS score were analyzed. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test to analyze categorical data, Mann Whitney U test or unpaired t test for differences between groups and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test for within group. A p<0.05 was statistically significant.Results: Rate of expulsion was 87.5% in group 1 and 65.6% in group 2 (p<0.05). Mean expulsion time was 6.68±1.89 days for group 1 and 8.52±2.62 in group 2 (p<0.05). Analgesic requirement was similar. Adverse effects were headache, dizziness and postural hypotension.Conclusions: Combination therapy yielded better rate of expulsion and reduction in stone expulsion time than tamsulosin alone. Thus, combination therapy can be considered for effective treatment outcomes.
Adverse drug reaction reporting in a tertiary care teaching hospital in eastern India: a retrospective study
Authors: Misra Debasish , Bose Manika , Parida Sansita , Das Smita , Mishra Swati , Mishra Sudhansu Sekhar
Published: September 2019

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are one of the prime causes of morbidity and mortality, increase in hospital stay and socioeconomic burden on the patients. Periodic monitoring aids in formulating methods for safe usage of medicines in hospitals. This study was undertaken to study the patterns, assessment of causality, severity, preventability, body systems affected from ADRs received by the Pharmacovigilance cell, Department of Pharmacology between April 2018 to June 2019.Methods: The present study is an observational, retrospective, non-interventional analysis of voluntarily reported ADRs. Demography of patients, causative drugs, reactions, outcome, and severity are recorded. Data were analysed and expressed in numbers, percentages.Results: A total of 180 ADRs were spontaneously reported. Dermatology (42.8%), psychiatry (23.9%) and general medicine (18.3%) are the major departments reporting ADRs in our hospital. 60.6% reports were in males. The body system with maximum reactions is dermatological (51.1%). Drug class most commonly affected is anti-microbials (36.1%). Paracetamol (8.9%) is the most common drug with reactions. Causality assessment stated that 41.7% ADRs are probable and 58.3% were possible. Severity assessment showed 86.7% as mild and 13.3% as moderate. Preventability assessment stated that 93.3% ADRs not preventable, 5.6% probably preventable and 1.1% definitely preventable.Conclusions: The study provides a valuable insight with regards to the pattern of ADRs in our hospital. This will be useful in initiating a reporting culture, increase awareness, reducing under-reporting of ADR in our set up.
Assessment of knowledge and practices of ASHA workers related to maternal-child health and their performance affecting factors: A mixed method study in Deganga block, North 24 parganas district, West Bengal, India
Authors: Pal Jayita , Roy Suvendu , Nandi Swagata , Satapathy Sankalpa
Published: September 2019

Background: ASHA acts as a ‘bridge’ between the rural people and health service outlets and plays a central role in achieving national health and population policy goal. ASHAs form the backbone of the NRHM. They need to provide preventive, promotive and curative health facilities in the rural community. Maternal and child health is an important public health issue which indicates level of socio-economic development in each and every country. ASHA workers are the main front-line workers in primary health care delivery system who are expected to work in this domain to bring out betterment in RCH indicators.Method: It was a mixed method study. Quantitative portion was descriptive, cross-sectional and qualitative part was focus group discussion (FGD). The study had been conducted in one block (Deganga block) of North 24 parganas district of West Bengal which was previous to selected purposively for the study. All ASHAs of Deganga block and one beneficiary mother (mother who had a baby of less than 1 year) for each ASHA from her area of work had been included as study population. ASHA- Beneficiary dyad had been interviewed with a predesigned pretested questionnaire after taking informed consent.Result: More than half of the study population (64.7% and 50.5 %) had overall good knowledge and practice score related to maternal-child health and family planning respectively, though they had poor knowledge in updated dosage schedule of iron folic acid tablets, proper attachment techniques for successful breast feeding, missed doses of OCP, ECP, IUCD and safe period. They performed less efficiently in areas like counselling about harmful effects of addiction during pregnancy, birth preparedness and complication readiness, colostrum feeding, weaning, ECP and MTP. Mainly inadequate remuneration and lack of job satisfaction were the factors hindering their performance.Conclusion: Frequent refresher courses, regular monitoring and supportive supervisions by respective higher authority, administrative steps for combating their dissatisfaction are of utmost importance to improve their performance.
Parasites found in surgical pathology: the institutional experience
Authors: Shah Khushbu P. , Patel Mandakini M.
Published: September 2019

Background: Parasitic infestation has a worldwide prevalence and it affects almost all age groups and both the sexes. The incidence of these infections is slowly rising in today’s era. Parasites are mainly found in stool samples but due to increase in a immunocompromised state now a days, tissue parasitaemia has increased globally necessitating more such type of studies. Parasite found in surgical pathology either incidentally or in clinically suspicious cases not only improves morbidity but also saves clinician’s time and patient’s money.Methods: A retrospective-cross sectional study is done based on histomorphological and cytomorphological evaluation of 25 cases diagnosed at The Department of pathology, New Civil Hospital Surat from January 2015 to January 2017.Results: Most common parasite seen was Echinococcus presenting as hydatid cyst in liver followed by filariasis. Most common age group affected was 0-20 years of age. Most common intestinal parasite found in our study was Entamoeba histolytica. Patients presented with variety of symptoms.Conclusions: Distribution of parasite in tissue section in relation to frequency, age, sex, various system involvements and its correlation with clinical symptoms are analyzed in our study.
Study on Material of Polymer-based Electromagnetic Shielding Composites
Authors: Zhang Hanwen , Qiu Zhendong , Wang Huiping
Published: September 2019

With the extensive application of electromagnetic resources in the information industry, electromagnetic interference has caused many hazards. Polymer-based electromagnetic shielding composite material as a new type of material has good shielding effect on the electromagnetic wave. This paper mainly introduces the types of polymer-based electro-magnetic shielding composite materials and the performance evaluation method of shielding materials.
Synthesis and Application of Carbon Matrix Composites
Authors: Qi Jianqing , Tao Weiping , Wang Yong , Xue Guanwu
Published: September 2019

This paper describes the development of carbon-based composites, and the synthesis and application of four carbon- based composites of graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes and graphite.
Combustion Derived SrTiO3: Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Electrochemical Behavior Towards Quantification of Hg(II) Ions
Authors: Manjunath Kusuma , Adarakatti Prashanth Shivappa , Malingappa Pandurangappa , Chandrappa Gujjarahalli Thimmanna
Published: September 2019

In this work, we are reporting the synthesis of porous SrTiO3 nanoparticles by using solution combustion route employing strontium nitrate and titanium-peroxo complex as oxidizer. The results of physico-analytical techniques revealed that SrTiO3 have a relatively small particle size, good dispersibility and diminished agglomeration. Powder X-ray diffraction pattern shows cubic perovskite structure (space group Pm3m) and the morphology was observed using a scanning electron microscope. The band gap of 3.24 eV was calculated using the diffuse reflectance spectrum. The surface area (~26.51 m2/g) of SrTiO3 was measured by BET method. SrTiO3 nanoparticles show violet-blue-green photoluminescence emission spectrum at room temperature. The photocatalytic degradation was carried out to investigate the photocatalytic activity of SrTiO3 under UV-light and evaluated for the electrochemical quantification of Hg(II) ions in aqueous solution using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The results reveal that SrTiO3 nanoparticles show better quantification result for Hg(II) ions. 
PRINCIPLE OF WORLD DUALITY AS A REFLECTION OF THE DICHOTOMY OF US / THEM IN THE NOVEL OF I.I. LAZHECHNIKOV «THE ICE HOUSE»
Authors: Proskurnina L. V.
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this article within the framework of the lingvocultural approach is to consider the features of linguistic and cultural opposition of us/them in the text of the historical novel by I.I. Lazhechnikov The Ice House through the prism of the real historical and cultural situation, on the example of the opposition of two historical eras the reign of Anna Ioannovna (Biron) and Peter's time. To achieve this goal contributes the solution of the following tasks: the definition of dichotomy us/them as the basic cultural analysis of the opposition of this world duality in the text of the novel by I.I. Lazhechnikov The Ice House. The research methodology was determined by its purpose and objectives, respectively, we used the following methods: continuous sampling method, the method of definition, component and contextual analysis. The article attempts to trace the representation of the dichotomy of us / them at different levels of embodiment of the writer's linguistic personality: lexico-grammatical, cognitive (conceptual) and pragmatic, as well as to determine its place in the disclosure of the essence of the individual author's picture of the world of the novelist.
The binary opposition between friends and foes is one of the oldest in the world picture of any nation. The conceptual dichotomy of us / them refers to the base Constantan axiological picture of the world. On its basis, the ways and nature of the author's reconstruction of the literary text of historical reality are determined. Opposition us/them is the basis of both the national picture of the world and the picture of the individual author, which is clearly reflected in the texts of artistic discourse. This opposition is peculiar represented in the texts of historical novels, a striking example of which can be considered a novel by I.I. Lazhechnikov The Ice House. This opposition expresses conceptual information that corresponds to the thesaurus level of linguistic personality of the artist of the word. The dichotomy is built in accordance with the ideological views of the writer: the carriers of cultural ideals of the era, carrying light and good, are described as their own; others are opposed to them sinister, dark forces. Turning to the reconstruction of the historical era of the reign of Anna Ivanovna, I.I. Lazhechnikov in the center put forward a dichotomy of us/them, playing a key role in his individual-author's picture of the world.
ADVENT OF PALAEOGRAPHY: DANIEL PAPEBROCH AND JEAN MABILLON IN DEPICTING THINGS BEHIND WRITING
Authors: Shchekochikhina M. A.
Published: September 2019

The article is devoted to the comparison of the work of Mabillon Diplomacy with the Introduction to the distinction between fake and authentic letters by Papebrokh. Through a consistent thematic comparison, we explore the question of priority in paleography. Mabillon's work is considered to be fundamental for paleography and diplomacy. Today, the work of Mabillon, despite the fact that it is recognized as a classic, remains poorly understood. Diplomacy is remarkable in that Mabillon gave the systematic approach to the study of ancient monuments characteristic of the science of rationalism. It seems that the innovation of Mabillon can not be assessed without finding out to what extent it is a new word in relation to the preceding scientific tradition and, first of all, to the work of Papebrokh, which served as a direct reason for writing the work of Mabillon. Through an essential analysis, we will demonstrate that Mabillons work is completely independent in relation to Papebrokhs Introduction as far as the approach to the study of material and conclusions is concerned. Mabillon's Diplomacy is a work devoted specifically to the problems of diplomacy and paleography, unlike the Papebrokhs work, in which the problems of authenticity and dating are only interesting as one of the methods of genealogical research. We will also show that Pepebrokh's refutation was not the main goal of Mabillon. It should be noted that most researchers focus exclusively on the event canvas, there is a widespread interpretation of the controversy between Mabillon and Papebroch as a purely legal dispute as if writing Diplomacy was primarily caused by the desire of Mabillon to protect the authenticity of Merving letters stored in the Abbey of St. Denis. Such a study would help to draw conclusions about how innovative Mabillons work is. Although Mabillon and Papebroh consider many features of monuments (print, monograms, material, etc.), in this article we limit ourselves to a comparison of their views on the letter.
INDIRECT METHODS OF HIGH QUALITY PRODUCTS AND SERVICES PRESENTATION IN AN ADVERTISING TEXT
Authors: Vazhdaeva E. A.
Published: September 2019

The article presents a system of indirect method to present high quality products and services that are used in the texts of modern commercial advertising. Direct and indirect presentation models of high quality are described, as well as subtypes of these models. Among the indirect method of presenting the quality of goods and services, the model identifies high quality with an appeal to an expert, through correlation with price, with an appeal to a narrow segment of the target audience, and also with an appeal to the authority of the producing country. Among the method of quality presentation with appeal to an expert, five models are designated: an appeal to a professional expert, to a media personality (star), a representative of the target audience, a character and a blogger. The method of presenting quality in relation to price is divided into two subspecies: the model price is low, quality is high and the model is price is high, quality is high. The method of presenting quality with appeal to the authority of the producing country is divided according to the nominations of certain producing countries; the most popular among them are designated Germany, Switzerland, Sweden and Japan. Some conclusions about the effectiveness of certain models and their subspecies were made. The study was carried out on the material of 474 advertising texts collected by direct sampling. Advertising texts were used, appearing both in the virtual space and media space, and in the Samara city space. The results of the presented research are recommended for practical application in commercial organizations advertising activities.
COOPERATIVE MAJORITY AND LEADERS OF COOPERATION IN THE POLITICAL PROCESSES OF THE EARLY XX CENTURY
Authors: Bezgina O. A.
Published: September 2019

In the article on the example of cooperative societies of the Middle Volga Region one of the ambiguous problems of the development of cooperative movement in Russia in the early XX century is raised: the participation of cooperation in the political life of the country. In domestic historiography, various points of view have developed on this subject: from the complete denial of the participation of cooperatives in political life to the proud recognition and even exaggerated their role in political processes. The latter, as a rule, characterized Soviet historiography, which declared the active participation of representatives of the Bolshevik Party in the work of cooperative organizations. In the pre-revolutionary period, representatives of gendarme offices were periodically informed about the danger of cooperation as a potential hotbed of revolutionary sentiment. Theorists and practitioners of cooperation themselves, as a rule, declared the apolitical nature of cooperation. The purpose of this article is to determine the place of politics in the life of cooperative organizations and the degree of actual participation of cooperative majority and leaders of cooperation in political life. To achieve this goal, an analysis of historiography was carried out, the experience of cooperative activity in the provinces of the Middle Volga Region was studied, and corresponding examples were given. From a methodological point of view, we proceed from the fact that cooperation is a dual phenomenon, which closely combines both economic and social functions. The article is based on the general scientific principles of knowledge, such as historicism and objectivity. These principles helped to assess the essence of the problem being studied, taking into account the different points of view of both scholars and contemporaries of the events studied. The dynamics of the processes that characterized the cooperative movement of the Middle Volga Region in the early XX century were studied using the statistical method. The systems approach allowed us to see the place of political processes in the life of cooperative societies and the cooperative movement as a whole. And to conclude that the closer the cooperation entered into interaction with the state, the more cooperative leaders were involved in political life. The latter, in turn, led to disagreements and even to a split in the cooperative ranks.
ARMENIAN REFUGEES IN THE SAMARA REGION IN 1915–1920-IES
Authors: Mkrtchyan L. G.
Published: September 2019

The article is devoted to the history of the formation of the Samara regional Armenian diaspora in the period of the Genocide at the beginning of the 20th century. The task of the study is to reconstruct the social portrait of Armenian refugees who were arriving to the Samara Region. On the basis of documents from the funds of the Central State Archive of the Samara Region (passports, refugee certificates, questionnaires), a database was created that allowed the task to be solved. The author used quantitative methods to determine the dynamics of the number of Armenian refugees who received certificates in Samara in the period 19151921, the distribution of refugees by gender, age, marital status, place of departure. According to calculations, the total number of Armenian refugees in Samara in 19151921 was more than 400 people.
As a result of the study, it was proved that the Armenian diaspora of the Samara Region in the years of the Genocide was formed from the refugees who arrived mainly from Eastern Armenia; Armenian refugees with their families began to arrive en masse to the Samara Region in 1919. Samara was the arrival center, but the refugees stayed also in the entire Samara province and neighboring regions. In terms of social composition, the refugees were representatives of the middle artisan strata, mostly the younger generation (the predominant age group was from 20 to 44 years); a quarter of the total number of refugees were children. Some of the refugees subsequently remained in the Samara Region, that is confirmed by statistical data and archival sources. The study allows us to characterize the period of 19151921 as an important stage in the formation of the Samara regional Armenian diaspora.
CONTROL OF THE POLITBURO OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE ALL-UNION COMMUNIST PARTY (BOLSHEVIKS) OVER THE CONDUCT OF POLITICALLY SIGNIFICANT CRIMINAL CASES IN COURTS OF GENERAL JURISDICTION
Authors: Mozokhin O. B.
Published: September 2019

The purpose of the article is to reflect the mechanism of decision-making of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) with regard to cases having socio-political nature considered at the political commission of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) on the basis of introduction of new archival documents into scientific circulation.
The reform of the judicial system at that time was necessary to maintain the revolutionary rule of law in the country. Despite the fact that it was of a pronounced political nature full trust to it from party bodies as it was visible wasn't.
The author found that after the introduction of party control over the activities of state security bodies, since the mid-1920-ies party control and the consideration of court cases. With this purpose the Political Commission of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was created. It is established that in the process of its activity there were double standards in making decisions on criminal cases, this was clearly manifested in the consideration of the so-called Chita case. Its public consideration was extremely negative political result. In this regard, the crime committed by members of the Communist party, members of the Politburo, explained the complete lack of understanding of the committed act on their part. The highest party body of the country, as an exception, made the decision to limit the use of non-criminal and party punishment to criminals.