bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Variasi Suhu Dan Waktu Inkubasi Terhadap Aktivitas Enzim Selulase Dari Bakteri Serratia marcescens
Authors: Kurniawati Laily , Kusdiyantini Endang , Wijanarka W
Published: December 2021

Enzymes are biocatalysts in living cells when cells metabolize. All living organisms are produced enzymes, both humans, animals, plants and microorganisms. One of the bacteria that has the potential to produce cellulose (EC 3.2.1.4) enzymes is Serratia marcescens. These bacteria can be isolated from water, soil and digestive tract. This research aims to find out the types of enzymes produced by S. Marcescens, to examine the effect of temperature and incubation time on selected enzyme activity. The type of enzyme test was qualitatively determined by S. marcescens growth on the amylolytic, cellulolytic, pectinolytic and chitinolytic selective medium based on the clear zone. This research was used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor was the incubation time (T) which were 4 hours (T4), 8 hours (T8) and 12 hours (T12). The second factor was the treatment of incubation temperature (S) which were 40oC (S1), 50oC (S2) and 60oC (S3). Each treatment was repeated in 3 times. The data were obtained then analyzed using Anova (α = 0.05). If it is significantly different, furthermore proceed with the T test (BNT). The results showed that S. marcescens qualitatively produced only clear zones in the cellulolytic medium of 5.1 mm. The ANOVA results showed that incubation temperature (S), the interaction between incubation time (T) and incubation temperature (S) were did not have effect on cellulase activity, whereas incubation time (T)  gives a significant effect on cellulase activity were obtained at the incubation time for 12 hours (T12) with a value of 0.27 U / mL
Review of Learning words from reading: A cognitive model of word-meaning inference; Author: Megumi Hamada; Publisher: Bloomsbury Academic, 2021; ISBN: 978-1-3501-5368-4; Pages: 168
Authors: Silva Breno
Published: December 2021

Book Review: Learning words from reading: A cognitive model of word-meaning inference. Author: Megumi Hamada. Publisher: Bloomsbury Academic, 2021. ISBN: 978-1-3501-5368-4. Pages: 168
Ukostiumowienie płci i dekonstrukcja kostiumujako znaku tożsamości płciowej. Refleksja humanisty, pedagoga kultury fizycznej
Authors: Pawłucki Andrzej
Published: December 2021

Ideologiagenderiqueer dekonstruujepojęcieczłowieka. Kostium, który konserwuje znakową prawdę o człowieczej męskości i kobiecości, a w konsekwencji – o upłciowieniu ku prokreacyjności jako zasadzie konstytuowania wspólnoty życia – zostajezanegowany (gender) albo zastąpiony kreacją symbolizującą bezpłciową seksualność (queer). Obie postaci gender i queer zatracają, z dwóch różnych powodów, możność prokreacyjną: gender przez pozostawanie w związku homopłciowym, a queer – apłciowym i dowolnie seksualnym. Upodabnia je niemożność prokreacyjna, a w konsekwencji odrealnienie rodzicielskie. Tymczasem prawo życia zakłada prokreacyjność, a tym samym ojcostwo mężczyzny i macierzyństwo kobiety. Życie jako życie ustaje, kiedy warunek rodzicielstwa nie może być spełniony. W eseju źródłem tych twierdzeń jest prawo naturalne (iusnaturalis), będące uniwersalną przesłanką osądzania czynów obydwu postaci ponowoczesności jako sprzeniewierzających się idei życia.
On shrinkage estimators improving the positive part of James-Stein estimator
Authors: Hamdaoui Abdenour
Published: December 2021

In this work, we study the estimation of the multivariate normal mean by different classes of shrinkage estimators. The risk associated with the quadratic loss function is used to compare two estimators. We start by considering a class of estimators that dominate the positive part of James-Stein estimator. Then, we treat estimators of polynomial form and prove if we increase the degree of the polynomial we can build a better estimator from the one previously constructed. Furthermore, we discuss the minimaxity property of the considered estimators.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of phenyl-isoxazole-carboxamide derivatives as anticancer agents
Authors: Hawash Mohammed , Jaradat Nidal , Bawwab Noor , Salem Kamilah , Arafat Hadeel , Hajyousef Yousef , Shtayeh Tahrir , Sobuh Shorooq
Published: December 2021

The present study aimed to design and synthesize a series of phenyl-isoxazole-carboxamide derivatives and investigate their antitumor and antioxidant activities. The in vitro cytotoxic evaluation was conducted using the MTS assay against four cancer cell lines: hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B and HepG2), cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), breast carcinoma (MCF-7), in addition to the normal cell line (Hek293T). Besides, the antioxidant activity was evaluated using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. All obtained compounds were found to have potent to moderate activities against Hep3B and MCF-7 cancer cells lines, except compound 2e. It was found that compound 2a has potent activity against HeLa and Hep3B cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 0.91 and 8.02 µM, respectively. The IC50 dose range of the tested compounds against Hep3B was 5.96–28.62 µM, except for 2e, compared with doxorubicin, which has an IC50 value of 2.23 µM. Also, the IC50 value range of the compounds against Hek293T was 112.78–266.66 µM, compared with doxorubicin, which has an IC50 dose of 0.581 µM. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was weak, and compound 2d showed moderate activity against the DPPH enzyme with an IC50 value of 138.50 µM in comparison with Trolox, which has an IC50 dose of 37.23 µM.
The effect of operating parameters of hydrodynamic cavitation – assisted alkaline catalyzed transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol on the degree of triglyceride conversion
Authors: Adnađević Borivoj K. , Nikolić Ivan R. , Milenković Svetozar A. , Jovanović Jelena D.
Published: December 2021

The effect of operating parameters such as reaction mixture inlet pressure p
1 (101.3–1013.2 kPa), methanol to oil molar ratio M
1 (3–12), the concentration of catalyst C

c
(0.0–1.0 wt%), temperature T (25–50 °C) and the number of passes of the reaction mixture through the venturi type hydrodynamic cavitation reactor n (1–12) on alkali-catalyzed transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol assisted by hydrodynamic cavitation (ACTC) on the value of the degree of triglyceride conversion (DTC) was investigated. ACTC was performed by the venturi-type hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (VCR) of our construction. It was found that the values of DTC increase with the increase in p
1, M
1, C

c, and n, and decrease with the increase in T. Cavitation yield (CY) values were calculated. The ACTC was proved to be the simplest, fastest, and most highly energy-efficient current technology for the production of biodiesel.
Effect of microencapsulated chavil (Ferulago angulata) extract on physicochemical, microbiological, textural and sensorial properties of UF-feta-type cheese during storage time
Authors: Borhanpour Fatemeh , Sekhavatizadeh Seyed Saeed , Hosseinzadeh Saeid , Hasanzadeh Mahboobeh , Golmakani Mohammad-Taghi , Moharreri Morteza
Published: December 2021

Chavil (Ferulago angulata) extract (CE) and microencapsulated chavil extract (MCE) were added to UF- Feta-type Cheese. The aim of this study was to comprising CE and MCE on physicochemical and microbiological properties in cheese. The scanning electron microscope images demonstrate the MCE had elliptical shape. The average size diameter curve of the MCE revealed bimodal distribution with two peaks (1541 and 2222 nm) separately. The hardness value of MCE cheese (212.83 ± 17.63 g) was lower than that of CE (343.67 ± 25.53 g) because of canola oil used in the microencapsulation process. The MCE-cheese showed lower values of acidity (1.67%) in comparison with CE-cheese (1.87%). The viable numbers of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactococcus lactis were equal among the samples (4.6–4.9 log10 CFU/g respectively). The acid degree value of MCE (2.07 ± 0.21%) and CE (1.83 ± 0.25%) cheese were nearly equal at the end of storage time.
Growth, weights, and measurements of female wild sheep from Iran
Authors: Valdez Raul , Bleich Vernon C. , Shahriary Eahsan
Published: December 2021

Wild sheep (Ovis spp.) are of conservation concern throughout the Middle East. Little is known, however, about the natural history or ecology of this taxon. To better understand size relationships among wild sheep occupying Iran, we analyzed results from 120 females collected from widely separated ecosystems. Morphometrics and body weights for all age categories of females occupying the Khosh-Yeilagh Wildlife Refuge in northeastern Iran were larger than those for the same age classes of females occupying Bamou National Park in southwestern Iran. Females from Bamou National Park, however, obtained adult body weight (x̅ = 25.8 ± 2.47 [SD] kg) at an earlier age than those from the Khosh-Yeilagh Wildlife Refuge (x̅ = 36.6 ± 3.21 kg). Ecological differences between these two areas suggest that net primary productivity, which is a function of numerous climatic and geographical factors, has been a primary force contributing to these results. Weights and measurements reported here provide the basic information for additional, more detailed research necessary to fully understand the evolutionary significance and management implications of these differences in body size and emphasize the conservation value of even the most basic natural history information.
Embedded three spinel ferrite nanoparticles in PES-based nano filtration membranes with enhanced separation properties
Authors: Ghanbari Davood , BandehAli Samaneh , Moghadassi Abdolreza
Published: December 2021

In this study, three types of ferrites nanoparticles including CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, and ZnFe2O4 were synthesized by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were employed to analyze synthesized nanoparticles and fabricated membranes. The morphology of membrane surface was investigated by surface images. The ability of ferrite nanoparticles was evaluated to the separation of sodium salt and heavy metals such as Cr2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ from aqueous solutions. The modified membrane showed the enhancement of membrane surface hydrophilicity, porosity, and mean pore size. The results revealed a significant increase in pure water flux: 152.27, 178, and 172.68 L·m−2·h−1 for PES/0.001 wt% of CoFe2O4, PES/0.001 wt% NiFe2O4, and PES/0.001 wt% ZnFe2O4 NPs, respectively. Moreover, Na2SO4 rejection was reached 78% at 0.1 wt% of CoFe2O4 NPs. The highest Cr (II) rejection obtained 72% for PES/0.001 wt% of NiFe2O4 NPs while it was 46% for the neat PES membrane. The Pb(II) rejection reached above 75% at 0.1 wt% of CoFe2O4 NPs. The Cu(II) rejection was obtained 75% at 0.1 wt% of CoFe2O4 NPs. The ferrite NPs revealed the high potential of heavy metal removal in the filtration membranes.
Diverse wave propagation in shallow water waves with the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Benjamin–Bona–Mahony and Benney–Luke integrable models
Authors: Younas Usman , Seadawy Aly R. , Younis Muhammad , Rizvi Syed T. R. , Althobaiti Saad
Published: December 2021

The shallow water wave model is one of the completely integrable models illustrating many physical problems. In this article, we investigate new exact wave structures to Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Benjamin–Bona–Mahony and the Benney–Luke equations which explain the behavior of waves in shallow water. The exact structures are expressed in the shapes of hyperbolic, singular periodic, rational as well as solitary, singular, shock, shock-singular solutions. An efficient computational strategy namely modified direct algebraic method is employed to construct the different shapes of wave structures. Moreover, by fixing parameters, the graphical representations of some solutions are plotted in terms of three-dimensional, two-dimensional and contour plots, which explain the physical movement of the attained results. The accomplished results show that the applied computational technique is valid, proficient, concise and can be applied in more complicated phenomena.
La oposición parlamentaria en el Perú (2006-2020): de la cooperación al conflicto
Authors: Garcia Marin Ignacio
Published: December 2021

La presente investigación analiza las relaciones entre el ejecutivo y el legislativo en el Perú en el período 2006-2020, caracterizado por un marcado presidencialismo parlamentarizado y un elevado multipartidismo. En este ciclo, se sucedieron tres mandatos presidenciales pero ocupados por seis jefes del Estado, dada la creciente inestabilidad y choque entre el ejecutivo y el congreso (unicameral). Se destaca la ausencia de coaliciones de gobierno y de mayorías oficialistas, así como la preeminencia de gabinetes apartidarios, lo que podría haber afectado la falta de compromiso por parte de los actores políticos. A ello, ha de añadirse la capacidad que mostró la oposición para condicionar la estabilidad de los gobiernos, incluyéndose al jefe del Estado y a los presidentes del consejo de ministros, pero a su vez el rol secundario que la cámara fue cobrando en materia legislativa. Asimismo, se identifican tres fases en cuanto a las relaciones entre la oposición y el oficialismo, evidenciándose una creciente hostilidad que finalizó con la situación de choque y bloqueo que caracterizó el bienio 2018-2020 y una grave crisis política.
Recovery of continuous functions of two variables from their Fourier coefficients known with error
Authors: Pozharska K.V. , Pozharskyi A.A.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we continue to study the classical problem of optimal recovery for the classes of continuous functions. The investigated classes $W^{\psi}_{2,p}$, $1 \leq p < \infty$, consist of functions that are given in terms of generalized smoothness $\psi$. Namely, we consider the two-dimensional case which complements the recent results from [Res. Math. 2020, 28 (2), 24-34] for the classes $W^{\psi}_p$ of univariate functions.

As to available information, we are given the noisy Fourier coefficients $y^{\delta}_{i,j} = y_{i,j} + \delta \xi_{i,j}$, $\delta \in (0,1)$, $i,j = 1,2, \dots$, of functions with respect to certain orthonormal system $\{ \varphi_{i,j} \}_{i,j=1}^{\infty}$, where the noise level is small in the sense of the norm of the space $l_p$, $1 \leq p < \infty$, of double sequences $\xi=( \xi_{i,j} )_{i,j=1}^{\infty}$ of real numbers. As a recovery method, we use the so-called $\Lambda$-method of summation given by certain two-dimensional triangular numerical matrix $\Lambda = \{ \lambda_{i,j}^n \}_{i,j=1}^n$, where $n$ is a natural number associated with the sequence $\psi$ that define smoothness of the investigated functions. The recovery error is estimated in the norm of the space $C ([0,1]^2)$ of continuous on $[0,1]^2$ functions.

We showed, that for $1\leq p < \infty$, under the respective assumptions on the smoothness parameter $\psi$ and the elements of the matrix $\Lambda$, it holds \[ \Delta( W^{\psi}_{2,p}, \Lambda, l_p)= \sup\limits_{ y \in W^{\psi}_{2,p} } \sup\limits_{\| \xi \|_{l_p} \leq 1} \Big\| y - \sum\limits_{i=1}^{n} \sum\limits_{j=1}^{n} \lambda_{i,j}^n ( y_{i,j} + \delta \xi_{i,j}) \varphi_{i,j} \Big\|_{C ([0,1]^2)} \ll \frac{ n^{\beta + 1 - 1/{p}}}{\psi(n)}.\]
Application of symmetric analytic functions to spectra of linear operators
Authors: Burtnyak I. , Chernega I. , Hladkyi V. , Labachuk O. , Novosad Z.
Published: December 2021

The paper is devoted to extension of the theory of symmetric analytic functions on Banach sequence spaces to the spaces of nuclear and $p$-nuclear operators on the Hilbert space. We introduced algebras of symmetric polynomials and analytic functions on spaces of $p$-nuclear operators, described algebraic bases of such algebras and found some connection with the Fredholm determinant of a nuclear operator. In addition, we considered cases of compact and bounded normal operators on the Hilbert space and discussed structures of symmetric polynomials on corresponding spaces.
Fixed points of hesitant fuzzy set-valued maps with applications
Authors: Shagari M.S. , Azam A.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the notion of hesitant fuzzy fixed points is introduced. To this end, we define Suzuki-type $(\alpha,\beta)$-weak contractions in the framework of hesitant fuzzy set-valued maps, thereby establishing some corresponding fixed point theorems. The presented concept herein is an extension of fuzzy set-valued and multi-valued mappings in the corresponding literature. Examples are provided to support the assertions and generality of our obtained ideas. Moreover, one of our results is applied to investigate sufficient conditions for existence of a class of functional equation arising in dynamic programming.
Elliptic problems in Besov and Sobolev—Triebel—Lizorkin spaces of low regularity
Authors: Chepurukhina I.S. , Murach A.A.
Published: December 2021

Elliptic problems with additional unknown distributions in boundary conditions are investigated in Besov and Sobolev–Triebel–Lizorkin spaces of low regularity, specifically of an arbitrary negative order. We find that the problems induce Fredholm bounded operators on appropriate pairs of these spaces.
Вуглецевий наноструктурний матеріал для багаторазових захисних масок
Authors: Кононко І.В. , Бошицька Н.В. , Сергєєв В.П. , Кліпов В.Д. , Кононко Н.В.
Published: December 2021

Досліджено комплекс властивостей активованого вуглецевого волокнистого наноструктурного матеріалу (АВВНМ), розробленого авторами, як фільтрувального прошарку багаторазових захисних масок для обличчя. Показано, що АВВНМ притаманна висока здатність до поглинання основних забруднювачів довкілля (фенолу; металів Pb2+, Sr2+, Cu2+, Ni1+, Co2+, Al3+, Cs2+; хлорпохідних; радіоактивних легких продуктів поділу та ін.) і речовин білкової природи. Встановлено, що АВВНМ виявляє бактеріостатичні властивості, які можуть бути трансформовані в бактерицидні шляхом нанесення на його поверхню біологічно активних речовин. Доведено, що АВВНМ відповідає вимогам до медичних матеріалів і може бути рекомендований для виготовлення масок для захисту органів дихання.
Визначення геотермічних параметрів, що відповідають за сучасну геотермальну діяльність у Дніпровсько-Донецькій западині та Донецькому басейні
Authors: Усенко А.П. , Усенко О.В.
Published: December 2021

Проведено розрахунки теплового потоку (ТП) у центральній частині Дніпровсько-Донецької западини (ДДЗ) та порівняння його розподілу з встановленим у центральній частині Донбасу. На Донбасі зони сучасної гідротермальної діяльності проявлено в аномаліях ТП значної інтенсивності (до 80—100 мВт/м2). У ДДЗ максимальні значення ТП не перевищують 50 мВт/м2. Прояви гідротермальної активності за фіксовано стрибком геотермічного градієнта, що відбувається на глибинах понад 4000—5000 м, які збігаються з глибинами розташування покладів вуглеводнів. Тут відбувається розвантаження термальних гідрокарбонатно-натрієвих вод. У верхній частині розрізу геотермічний градієнт не перевищує 19—20 ºС/км, тому сучасна гідротермальна діяльність не проявлена істотними сплесками ТП.
Efektivitas pelatihan ORS (Online Research Skills) untuk mendukung studi dan penelitian mahasiswa di UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Authors: Mufid Mufid , Zuntriana Ari
Published: December 2021

The focus of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of Online Research Skill (ORS) trainingprogram in supporting students to study and conduct their research at UIN Maulana MalikIbrahim Malang. The purpose is to explore how effective the ORS training in supporting theirstudy performance. This study used research quantitative method with Kirkpatrick model approachadded. Kirkpatrick Model is used to evaluate the effectiveness of ORS training program at the levelof participants’ reaction and participants training process. In general, the result of the study foundthat the training is effective, and by 86.5% have contributed to the achievement of training objectives.However, the training still needs some improvements, specifically the use of more advanced mediatechnology for the next courses. Thus, based on those results, the researchers recommend that the LIORScurriculum need to be revised/improved based on participants’ views and SCONUL curriculum.
Pustakawan akademik sebagai mitra riset di perguruan tinggi
Authors: Andayani Ulpah
Published: December 2021

This paper deals with the role of academic librarians in higher education program. The focus ofthe study is to explain the roles of academic librarians as research partner in the higher educationprograms. Based on the analysis of the literatures, it was found that academic librarians have astrategic role in successing the research program. There are three main roles of academic librariansin the research activities, that are providing information research services, conducting research skillstraining, and assisting academic members in publishing and disseminating the research findings.Furthermore, the Librarians serve and assist the researchers individually in performing the researchactivities, as well as arrange and implement programs in groups or classes program in teachingresearch skills through information literacy program. Through the teaching of information literacy,the academicians are provided the ability to identify the sources of information, the ability to searchinformation, and the ability to manage the citations.
Implementasi pengelolaan rekod di fakultas teknik universitas Indonesia (FT UI)
Authors: Sri Rahayu Dyah Puspitasari
Published: December 2021

In carrying out its activities, the organization will produce substantive and facilitatice records.Those records created by the organization must be managed properly to be easily used and retrievedby the organization as the evidence of the organization’s activities. This study aims to determinethe implementation of records management run by Technology Faculty at University of Indonesia.Qualitative method is the approach in this research method with interviewing informants to getthe valid data. The finding of the research is the management of records in Technology Faculty isdecentralized under the responsibility of each unit in Faculty. In managing the records, each unitshave different ways to manage. The principle of record managemnet, they are easy to retrieve, whenthey are needed and requested.
Layanan referensi di pusat perpustakaan UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
Authors: Maryulisman Maryulisman
Published: December 2021

This paper discusses about Reference Service at Central Library of State Islamic University,The objective of this article is to describe the practices of reference services and the barriers indelivering the services. Based on the study it was found that the reference service doesn’t functionproperly either in the type of the service or the service system provided. The service system isoffered manually. Moreover, the competencies of reference librarians are still unsufficcient,particularly the competency of Arabic proficiency. It can hinder considerably in deliveringreference services effectively.
Students’ Perceptions on Online Peer Feedback Practice In EFL Writing
Authors: Putra I Gede Krisna Meialldy , Santosa Made Hery , Pratiwi Ni Putu Astiti
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the implementation of online peer feedback practice, the students’ perceptions toward online peer feedback practice, and the students’ challenges toward online peer feedback practice. The study employed a mixed-method design with SMA PGRI Blahbatuh students as the population, while the sample was 132 students. The data were collected through observing the online classes using an observation checklist, conducting a survey using a questionnaire, and conducting an interview using an interview guide through focus group discussion. The study’s findings imply several strengths and weaknesses in the online peer feedback practice. It was also revealed that the students had positive perceptions toward the online peer feedback practice. Meanwhile, the interview results revealed several contradictory results regarding the students’ challenges. The students preferred the teacher’s feedback after the practice since it would make them feel safe. The students also suggested anonymous peer feedback practice since they could give the comments honestly, with details, and specifics. Through this study, students can learn to improve their skills in communicating and collaborating with their peers. The study also provided the teacher information to create more effective and efficient online peer feedback practice.    ABSTRAKPenelitian ini didesain untuk menyelidiki penerapan praktik umpan balik rekan secara daring, persepsi siswa terhadap praktik umpan balik rekan secara daring, dan tantangan siswa terhadap praktik umpan balik rekan secara daring. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kombinasi dengan siswa SMA PGRI Blahbatuh sebagai populasi, sedangkan sampelnya hanya 132 siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi kelas online menggunakan lembar observasi, survei menggunakan kuesioner, dan wawancara menggunakan pedoman wawancara melalui diskusi kelompok terfokus. Temuan penelitian menyiratkan bahwa ada beberapa kekuatan dan kelemahan dalam praktik umpan balik rekan secara daring. Terungkap pula bahwa siswa memiliki persepsi positif terhadap praktik umpan balik rekan secara daring. Sementara itu, hasil wawancara mengungkapkan beberapa hasil yang kontradiktif terkait tantangan siswa. Siswa lebih menyukai masukan dari guru setelah latihan karena akan membuat mereka merasa lebih aman. Para siswa juga menyarankan praktik umpan balik rekan anonim karena mereka dapat memberikan komentar dengan jujur, dengan detail, dan spesifik. Melalui penelitian ini, siswa dapat belajar meningkatkan keterampilannya dalam berkomunikasi dan berkolaborasi dengan teman sebayanya. Penelitian ini juga memberikan informasi kepada guru untuk menciptakan praktik umpan balik teman secara daring yang lebih efektif dan efisien.
Strategy Preference in Listening: A Profile of EFL Students to Answer TOEFL Test
Authors: Hidayanti Ika , Zuhairi Alfan , Kurniasih Kurniasih
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTMeasuring students’ English ability in most universities would be counted from their passing grade on the Test of English as A Foreign Language (TOEFL). Listening to natives is considered a complicated section to answer among the three sections. Thus, EFL learners should focus on attainment strategies to answer the TOEFL preparation test. The current study examines students’ profile of attainment strategy use and how usage of this strategy differs by gender. The sixth English semester students, faculty of education at Universitas Islam Malang, were required to fill out the questionnaire of strategies used to answer the TOEFL. Utilizing the descriptive and independent t-test, the findings reveal that students deployed the strategies at a moderate level. Further, female students used all the strategies more often and significantly differently than their counterparts. This implies that the use of strategies could ease them in obtaining good scores in listening.ABSTRAKMengukur ketrampilan bahasa Inggris mahasiswa di sebagian besar universitas akan dihitung dari nilai kelulusan mereka pada tes TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language). Diantara ketiga bagian pada tes TOEFL, tes pada bagian I (Listening) dianggap sebagai tes yang sulit untuk dijawab. Sehingga, mahasiswa diharapkan bisa fokus dan bisa menggunakan strategi tepat ketika menjawab tes TOEFL. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana profil penggunaan strategi menjawab tes TOEFL dan mengidentifikasi perbedaan penggunaaan oleh mahasiswa laki-laki dan perempuan. Mahasiswa semester enam jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Fakultas Pendidikan, Universitas Islam Malang dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini dan mereka diminta mengisi kuesioner strategi menjawab tes TOEFL.  Dengan menggunakan analisis dan Uji T-tes, temuan menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa menggunakan strategi dalam kategori sedang. Hasil selanjutnya mengindikasikan bahwa mahasiswa perempuan sering menggunakan strategi dan berbeda secara signifikan dari mahasiswa laki-laki. Hal ini berarti bahwa penggunaan strategi dapat memudahkan mahasiswa tersebut untuk mendapatkan nilai bagus.
Inferior Extensions of the Atrioventricular Node
Authors: Anderson Robert H , Hikspoors Jill PJM , Tretter Justin T , Mac�as Yolanda , Spicer Diane E , Lamers Wouter H , S�nchez-Quintana Dami�n , Sternick Eduardo Back
Published: December 2021

The pathways for excitation of the atrioventricular node enter either superiorly, as the so-called ‘fast’ pathway, or inferiorly as the ‘slow’ pathway. However, knowledge of the specific anatomical details of these pathways is limited. Most of the experimental studies that established the existence of these pathways were conducted in mammalian hearts, which have subtle differences to human hearts. In this review, the authors summarise their recent experiences investigating human cardiac development, correlating these results with the arrangement of the connections between the atrial myocardium and the compact atrioventricular node as revealed by serial sectioning of adult human hearts. They discuss the contributions made from the atrioventricular canal myocardium, as opposed to the primary ring. Both these rings are incorporated into the atrial vestibules, albeit with the primary ring contributing only to the tricuspid vestibule. The atrial septal cardiomyocytes are relatively late contributors to the nodal inputs. Finally, they relate our findings of human cardiac development to the postnatal arrangement.
Cardiac Pacing in Cardioinhibitory Reflex Syncope: Clinical Use of Closed-loop Stimulation
Authors: Tomaino Marco , Russo Vincenzo , Giacopelli Daniele , Gargaro Alessio , Brignole Michele
Published: December 2021

Cardiac pacing has been studied extensively in patients with reflex syncope over the past two decades. The heterogeneity of the forms and clinical manifestations of reflex syncope explain the controversial results of older randomised clinical trials. New evidence from recent trials has changed medical practice, now leading to clear indications for pacing in patients with asystolic syncope documented during carotid sinus massage, implantable cardiac monitoring or tilt testing. Given that recent trials in reflex syncope have been performed using the closed-loop stimulation algorithm, the authors will briefly discuss this pacing mode, review hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying its activation during syncope and provide practical instructions for programming and troubleshooting.
Review and Comparison of Multi-Method and Mixed Method Application in Research Studies
Authors: Vivek Ramakrishnan , Nanthagopan Yogarajah
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To explore the feasibility of using the multi-method and mixed-method in research studies by reviewing and comparing both methods. Design / Method / Approach: Using the literature, historical background on mixed-methods and multiple-methods design principles are collected and applied in this paper in a systematic review format. Findings: The major finding from this research is that incorporating quantitative and qualitative data in the form of a mixed or multi-method study has the potential to dramatically increase the accuracy and quality of any research's analysis and conclusions. Theoretical Implications: The study contributes to the theoretical understanding of how mixed and multi-method studies have distinct and distinguishable characteristics; it encourages researchers to conduct investigations appropriately to accomplish their research goals. The authors of this article introduce different designs (e.g., embedded design, explanatory design) which combine a mixed-method approach with a multi-method one. Practical Implications: This study concludes that both mixed methods and multi methods are reliable and have unique characteristics that increase the validity (i.e., external validity, generalizability) and reliability of study findings. Originality / Value: The authors of this paper present a taxonomy how to combine mixed methods with multi methods. Research Limitations / Future Research: Research should be directed at defining the appropriate design for a multi-method approach to help researchers conduct multi method studies scientifically. Paper Type: Conceptual.
AI-driven Optimization in Healthcare: the Diagnostic Process
Authors: Lyon Jérôme Yves , Bogodistov Yevgen , Moormann Jürgen
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Process optimization in healthcare using artificial intelligence (AI) is still in its infancy. In this study, we address the research question “To what extent can an AI-driven chatbot help to optimize the diagnostic process?”

Design / Method / Approach: First, we developed a mathematical model for the utility (i.e., total satisfaction received from consuming a good or service) resulting from the diagnostic process in primary healthcare. We calculated this model using MS Excel. Second, after identifying the main pain points for optimization (e.g., waiting time in the queue), we ran a small experiment (n = 25) in which we looked at time to diagnosis, average waiting time, and their standard deviations. In addition, we used a questionnaire to examine patient perceptions of the interaction with an AI-driven chatbot.

Findings: Our results show that scheduling is the main factor causing issues in a physician’s work. An AI-driven chatbot may help to optimize waiting time as well as provide data for faster and more accurate diagnosis. We found that patients trust AI-driven solutions primarily when a real (not virtual) physician is also involved in the diagnostic process.

Practical Implications: AI-driven chatbots may indeed help to optimize diagnostic processes. Nevertheless, physicians need to remain involved in the process in order to establish patient trust in the diagnosis.

Originality / Value: We analyze the utility to physicians and patients of a diagnostic process and show that, while scheduling may reduce the overall process utility, AI-based solutions may increase the overall process utility.

Research Limitations / Future Research: First, our simulation includes a number of assumptions with regard to the distribution of mean times for encounter and treatment. Second, the data we used for our model were obtained from different papers, and thus from different healthcare systems. Third, our experimental study has a very small sample size and only one test-physician.

Paper type: Empirical
Дифференциация и интеграция как основные формы организации биосоциальных систем
Authors: Безродный А. Г.
Published: December 2021

В настоящее время возрождается интерес к изучению механизмов организации человеческого сообщества с использованием системно-целостного подхода. В качестве модели человеческого общества, вполне допустимо, использовать биосообщества животных. Анализ процессов социализации в последних позволит вскрыть и в большей степени прояснить основные векторы интеграции социальной общности людей. В данной статье рассмотрены основные способы организации биосообществ как системно-целостных образований, носящих адаптивный характер. В своём исследовании мы исходили из подхода, предложенного классиком социобиологии Н. Тинбергеном в его книге «Социальное поведение животных». Где он выделяет два типа организации сообществ – дифференциацию и интеграцию. По итогам нашего исследования мы пришли к таким заключениям. Во- первых, необходимо различать два основных способа биосоциализации – дифференциацию и интеграцию в единую целостную биосистему. Социализацию по типу интеграции возможно рассматривать в качестве частного случая социализации по типу дифференциации. Кроме того, существует независимый способ образования биосообществ – социотомия, которая, правда, не является механизмом социализации, а только способом образования новых сообществ. Во-вторых, основанием для интеграции особей в биосообщество является их функциональная зависимость, приводящая к разделению особей на функциональные касты. Особенно наглядно это иллюстрируется процессом формирования сообществ у общественных насекомых, где самка-основательница искусственно, посредством контроля над развитием своего потомства “закладывает” его функциональную зависимость от себя. В-третьих, процесс биосоциализации можно представить так: 1) наличие интегрирующего системного ядра; 2) вовлечение новых элементов в систему; 3) интегрирование элементов в иерархическую структуру; 4) утрата элементами своих качественных свойств; 5) приобретение биосистемой новых, целостных свойств.
Соціально-культурні чинники виникнення і становлення історичної антропології як сучасної філософії історії
Authors: Айтов С.
Published: December 2021

Досліджено складну проблематику впливу соціально-культурних чинників на виникнення історичної антропології як сучасної фiлософії icторії. Методологiя даної праці заснована на реалізації принципів комплементарностi, структурностi, дiалогiчностi. У студії зазначеної проблематики були залучені методи: філософської герменевтики, системно-структурний, мiждисциплiнарний. Виникнення і становлення історичної антропології як сучасної філософії історії втілилися у етапах ґенези і «тотальної історії», початкових у розвитку цієї науки. В їх межах сформувалися онтологічні, гносеологічні і аксіологічні засади, значущі для подальшого розвитку історично-антропологічних концепцій. Так, в онтологічній сфері було генеровано рефлексивне поле наукових пошуків: масова психологія суспільств Західної Європи доби Середньовіччя і Раннього Нового Часу, їх свідомі і підсвідомі уявлення про світ, установки суспільнозначущої поведінки, різноманітні форми життєдіяльності й повсякденного життя, релігійні і парарелігійні вірування. У гносеологічній сфері було утворено «методологічний інструментарій» історично-антропологічних студій, який засновувався на теоретичних підходах до подій і процесів минулого як до наукової проблеми і широкого міждисциплінарного діалогу; концепції довгого часу історії як такого, протягом якого змінюється ментальність суспільств. Аксіологічна сфера сформувалася у розумінні людини як головного об’єкта історично- антропологічних студій і важливого чинника історичної динаміки, який здійснює на останню вельми значний вплив. Формування зазначених змістовних площин історичної антропології відбулося під суттєвим впливом соціально-культурних процесів першої половини минулого століття. Серед них слід виокремити процеси «масовизації» суспільств; значну ідеологізацію суспільної свідомості багатьох країн світу, передусім європейських; широке розповсюдження ідеологічних систем як правого (нацизм, фашизм), так і лівого (комунізм, соціал-демократизм) спрямування, котре супроводжувалося всеохоплюючою вірою великих мас населення в істинність їх постулатів; поразка нацистських соціально- політичних моделі й ідеології у Другій світовій війні; початкова фаза утворення соціально- психологічних основ «суспільства споживання». Дані соціокультурні тренди стимулювали в історичній антропології орієнтацію на вивчення і осягнення масової психології суспільств минулого в її підсвідомому й свідомому елементах як сутнісно важливих чинників причинності й змісту їх історичної динаміки. Дослідження і аналіз ментально-культурного горизонту каузальності, особливостей і перспектив розвитку процесів минулого усіх рівнів виявилися основним завданням історично-антропологічних концепцій.
Estimación de la función de bienestar social de Amartya Sen para América Latina
Authors: Riveros Gavilanes John Michael
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo realiza una serie de aproximaciones empíricas sobre la formulación teórica de la función de bienestar social de Sen (1974), aplicadas al contexto latinoamericano entre 1995 y 2018, para establecer las tendencias de bienestar social en el periodo de análisis. Las estimaciones involucran la formulación original de Sen y su versión generalizada propuesta por Mukhopadhaya (2003a; 2003b). El artículo contribuye —igualmente— a la exploración de las relaciones de largo plazo entre el bienestar, la desigualdad y el ingreso a través del análisis de cointegración de datos de panel. Los resultados indican la existencia de relaciones de largo plazo entre estas variables, una elasticidad ligeramente mayor sobre el bienestar desde la distribución del ingreso que desde el crecimiento económico, mientras que en el corto plazo el bienestar solamente es explicado a través de este último. Finalmente, para los países latinoamericanos se establece su posicionamiento a partir de los niveles de bienestar. Las predicciones del modelo econométrico planteado coinciden —en términos de comportamiento y posición comparativa del bienestar social entre países en relación— con la estimación del planteamiento original de Sen aplicado a América Latina.
La restricción externa y el sector agroexportador en la Argentina en las primeras dos décadas del siglo XXI
Authors: Bona Leandro Marcelo
Published: December 2021

La centralidad del sector agropecuario en la generación de divisas en Argentina ha transformado a las políticas públicas sectoriales en una de las claves para la comprensión de la evolución del desempeño económico. Este artículo analiza el recorrido del sector agroexportador bajo las transformaciones recientes en las políticas económicas en el siglo XXI. Para ello se presenta un breve repaso de la historia y transformaciones recientes en el desarrollo agropecuario y se pasa revista de las principales políticas sectoriales llevadas a cabo por los gobiernos bajo examen, para lo cual se investigan aspectos normativos, resultados productivos, efectos fiscales y sobre la balanza de pagos, concentración de la propiedad y la inserción de estas fracciones de clase en el bloque en el poder.
La granadilla, su caracterización física y comportamiento postcosecha
Authors: Villamizar de Borrero Fanny , Gutiérrez Camilo , Pulido Alvaro
Published: December 2021

La agricultura moderna tiende a un aumento de la producción agrícola, mediante la aplicación de tecnología que permita aumentar la oferta de productos perecederos frescos, pero solo hasta hace relativamente poco se ha comprendido que es necesario y urgente conservar la calidad de los productos obtenidos ya que esto disminuye las grandes pérdidas que se producen, desde el campo, durante las cosechas, el empaque, transporte y comercialización. Para contrarrestar estas pérdidas postcosecha, se hace necesario un programa integral que incentive la conservación, permitiendo un aprovechamiento de los excedentes de producción en los periodos de cosecha, además de regular los precios en el mercado. La granadilla como fruta para estudio, fue escogida por ser ésta una de las frutas que ha iniciado su proceso de tecnificación desde el cultivo, iniciando operaciones de exportación, pero de la cual se desconocen sus características, que permitan hacer un adecuado manejo postcosecha.
El Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia dentro de su actividad docente e investigativa, ha venido desarrollando desde hace varios años, una línea de investigación en todos los aspectos relacionados con la Ingeniería de postcosecha de productos perecederos, como uno de los medios para la reducción de las pérdidas postcosecha, marco dentro del cual fue desarrollada la presente investigación.
Obtención de ácido acético a partir de alcohol etílico en un solo paso y en fase vapor
Authors: Rodríguez N. Gerardo , Carballo S. Luis M.
Published: December 2021

La obtención de ácido acético a partir de etanol en una sola etapa se estudió sobre un catalizador de paladio, 0.5% en peso de paladio, soportado en alfa-alúmina. Los ensayos se realizaron en un reactor diferencial a temperaturas entre 150 y 300°C y con una relación molar oxigeno/etanol= 1.25.
Influencia del soporte sobre la actividad catalítica del paladio en la oxidación selectiva del etanol
Authors: Carballo Suárez Luis , Gómez Peña Alvaro , Rodríguez Niño Gerardo
Published: December 2021

Aquí se reporta la comparación de los resultados obtenidos en cuanto a las diferencias en selectividades y conversiones de etanol hacia ácido acético y acetato de etilo, utilizando catalizadores de paladio metálico (0.5% en peso) soportados en alfa-alúmina y carbón activado. Se pudo observar que el catalizador de paladio sobre alfa-alúmina presentó mayores conversiones del etanol alimentado hacia el ácido acético y por consiguiente mayor selectividad hacia éste producto, que el de paladio soportado sobre carbón activado, el cual mostró una mayor selectividad hacia el acetato de etilo.
La informática necesita más que un diagnóstico
Authors: Pérez Gama Alfonso
Published: December 2021

El Gobierno colombiano en cabeza de COLCIENCIAS, prepara un Plan de Acción para la definición, instrumentación y puesta en marcha del Programa Nacional de Investigaciones en ETI (Electrónica, telecomunicaciones e informática). Este proyecto es muy loable y colma en parte algunas expectativas de la comunidad; sin embargo existen ciertas preocupaciones por la inminencia de un sesgo por la peligrosa desinformación en lo atinente a la Informática propiamente dicha. Estos temores se visualizaron al revisar diferentes documentos y estudios previos y además en la reunión preparatoria del pasado 10 de julio en COLCIENCIAS, donde se evidenciaron aspectos tales como: la descontextualización de la informática, su concepción esencialmente instrumentalista y francamente reduccionista de la informática en la medida que se le quiere hacer aparecer como un apéndice del hardware computacional y de las Telecomunicaciones y además que la mayoría de los autores la ubicaron estática y atada a la pasada III Generación. En este documento pretendemos hacer algunos comentarios críticos en torno al Informe respectivo a la Misión de Ciencia y Tecnología, el estudio sobre la Informática auspiciado por la ACIS y al Documento inicial del Programa ETI, suscrito por varios profesionales. Nuestro análisis es atinente a la informática esencialmente.
Esterificación
Authors: Sánchez C. Francisco J. , Rodríguez N. Gerardo
Published: December 2021

Los conceptos básicos en una reacción de esterificación ácido-alcohol, se plantean de una forma clara y concreta, incluyendo mecanismo de la reacción, efecto del alcohol y del ácido, tipos de catalizador, proporciones y forma de operación todo lo cual redunda en un buen diseño en un proceso de esterificación. Todos estos conceptos muy conocidos, son actualmente aplicados minuciosa y detalladamente en los procesos de esterificación, algunos de ellos en investigación y otros cubiertos por el velo de patentes recientes.
Transferencia de tecnología para el manejo poscosecha de granos a nivel de pequeño agricultor en Colombia
Authors: Hernández H. José Eugenio , Puentes P. Luis H.
Published: December 2021

A pesar del hecho de que la población mundial crece cada día y con ella la necesidad de un suministro adecuado de alimentos, la mayoría de las acciones tendientes a propiciar el aumento de la disponibilidad de alimentos ha dejado de lado la consideración de la problemática de las perdidas postcosecha, y se han centrado en acciones tales como la ampliación de la frontera agrícola y la búsqueda del incremento de la producción.
Diagnóstico de la capacidad tecnológica de las empresas del sector químico industrial en Santafé de Bogotá, y demanda de servicios de investigación y desarrollo tecnológico (I&D)
Authors: Aguilar Zambrano José Javier
Published: December 2021

Los procesos de internacionalización y apertura de las economías transformaron las condiciones de competencia, producción y gestión empresarial de la industria manufacturera, a tal punto, que el éxito o la sobrevivencia de ellas, está supeditado a una incorporación creciente del conocimiento, esto es, del progreso técnico.
Dinámica del sector químico (1974-1995): una aproximación
Authors: Aguilar Zambrano José Javier
Published: December 2021

El presente escrito hace parte de un diagnóstico encaminado a consolidar la creación de un Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (I&D) para la industria química en Santafé de Bogotá.