bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Carbonate Alkalinity on Antioxidants, Immunity and Intestinal Flora of Penaeus vannamei
Authors: Gao Chuang , Li Zhonghong , Ma Bo , Zuo Rantao , Shen Xudong , Chen Mingkang , Ren Chuanqi , Zheng Wenjun , Cai Zhonglu , Li Jiaxing , Li Shuang
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological and biochemical changes of the hepatopancreas and intestinal microbial structure of Penaeus vannamei under various levels of carbonate alkalinity stress. After Penaeus vannamei (body length 14.24 ± 2.13 cm, body weight 26.31 ± 3.26 g) was subjected to 96 h carbonate alkalinity stress, the alkalinity stress levels were E8 (8 mmol/L), E18 (18 mmol/L) and E28 (28 mmol/L), respectively. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was determined by enzyme markers, and then the intestinal microorganisms of Penaeus vannamei were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that, under the stress of high carbonate alkalinity, the mortality rate of Penaeus vannamei was as high as 75%, and hepatopancreas cells showed obvious deformation, abnormal nuclear shapes, and serious cell vacuolation. Under high carbonate alkalinity stress, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity and glutathione peroxidase activity in the Penaeus vannamei hepatopancreas were significantly lower than those in control group (p < 0.05), and malondialdehyde content was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Alkaline phosphatase activity in the experimental group was significantly different from that in the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the 16SrDNA high-throughput sequencing results showed that the intestinal abundance of Proteobacteria in Penaeus vannamei was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) under high carbonate alkalinity stress, and the abundance of Bacteroides was significantly increased (p < 0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Chrysobacteria was significantly increased (p < 0.05). The functional prediction results of COG and KEGG showed that the functional abundance of RNA polymerase sigma-70 factor is direct bacterial or plastid core RNA polymerase and is specific to promoter elements that are situated 10 and 35 base-pairs upstream of transcription-initiation points—in the high carbonate alkalinity treatment group, this was higher than that in the control group. The functional abundance of signal transduction histidine kinase was lower than that of the control group. The results of this study not only indicated that Penaeus vannamei cell structure would change and mortality would increase under high carbonate alkalinity culture environment, but they also analyzed the changes of the intestinal microbial structure under carbonate alkalinity stress. This study could provide theoretical reference for Penaeus vannamei saline–alkali land culture.
Temporal Attention-Enhanced Stacking Networks: Revolutionizing Multi-Step Bitcoin Forecasting
Authors: Seabe Phumudzo Lloyd , Pindza Edson , Moutsinga Claude Rodrigue Bambe , Aphane Maggie
Published: December 2024

This study presents a novel methodology for multi-step Bitcoin (BTC) price prediction by combining advanced stacking-based architectures with temporal attention mechanisms. The proposed Temporal Attention-Enhanced Stacking Network (TAESN) integrates the complementary strengths of diverse machine learning algorithms while emphasizing critical temporal features, leading to substantial improvements in forecasting accuracy over traditional methods. Comprehensive experimentation and robust evaluation validate the superior performance of TAESN across various BTC prediction horizons. Additionally, the model not only demonstrates enhanced predictive accuracy but also offers interpretable insights into the temporal dynamics underlying cryptocurrency markets, contributing to both practical forecasting applications and theoretical understanding of market behavior.
Effect of Organic Nitrogen Supply on the Kinetics and Quality of Anaerobic Digestion of Less Nitrogenous Substrates: Case of Anaerobic Co-Digestion (AcoD) of Cassava Effluent and Chicken Droppings as a Nitrogen Source
Authors: Kayaba Haro , Khalid Nourou Abdel Anziph Sergel , Sayouba Sandwidi , Abdoulaye Compaore , Auguste Palm Sie , Oumou Sessouma , Kourita Ouedraogo Ibrahim , Souleymane Sinon , Christian Tubreoumya Guy , Antoine Bere , Tizane Daho , Oumar Sanogo
Published: December 2024

This study aims to explore anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of cassava (EUM) and poultry (FP) effluents using one inoculum/substrate ratio (30%) and three EUM vs. FP substrate composition ratios (25:75, 50:50, and 75:25). The AcoD process was therefore designed for 20 L batch digesters, under mesophilic conditions, with less than 5% total solids for 66 days. The results showed that EUMs were highly resistant to degradation, while FPs were the most easily degradable. Kinetic analysis indicated specific organic matter (MO) reduction rates of 0.28% per day for EUM and 0.76% per day for FP. EUM alone produced 45.47 mL/g MO, while the 50:50 substrate produced 1184.60 mL/g MOV. The main factors contributing to EUM inefficiency were the inability to tame acidic conditions and the accumulation of volatile fatty acids. AcoD produced 23 to 50 times more methane than EUM alone, 2 to 5 times more than FP alone, and 2 to 4 times more than inoculum. As a result, the AcoD of both types of waste had a qualitative and quantitative effect on biogas production. CH4 content increased from around 2 to 75%, depending on the amount of organic nitrogen added. The addition of nitrogen by AcoD, even under mesophilic conditions, improves the kinetics and quality of anaerobic digestion of low-nitrogen substrates. Its impact on thermophilic and psychrophilic conditions needs to be verified.
Relationship Between Lithological and Morphometric Aspects of Mascasín Saline Watershed and Its Feeder Depositional Systems, San Juan and La Rioja Provinces, Argentina
Authors: Santi Malnis Paula , Rothis Luis Martin
Published: December 2024

Understanding the relationships among watersheds and derived depositional products is critical to developing analog studies with the rock record, especially for continental intermontane basins. Also, it is crucial to study river flood occurrences. Multivariate statistics analysis allows for the comprehension of the relationship among substrate, climate, and depositional products of the watersheds that feed the endorheic Mascasin Saline Basin, San Juan and La Rioja provinces, Argentina. Using a GIS platform, geomorphological, stratigraphic, morphometric, and structural analysis gave a dataset of variables for defining clusters. Under a similar climate, clustering analysis permits defining two main controls on watersheds and depositional products: parent rock composition and geological structures (faults and lineaments). The results underscore the critical role that lithology and structural controls play in basin morphometry and emphasize the need to quantify these variables for landscape evolution models.
Geotechnical Properties of Urmia Saltwater Lake Bed Sediments
Authors: Akbarimehr Davood , Rahai Mohammad , Ahmadpour Majid , Sheng Yong
Published: December 2024

Urmia Lake (UL) is the sixth-largest saltwater lake in the world; however, there is a dearth of geotechnical studies on this region. Geotechnical characteristics of a site are considered important from different engineering perspectives. In this research, the results of 255 laboratory tests and the data of 55 in situ tests were used to determine the geotechnical properties of sediment in UL. The changes of parameters in depth are presented in this study. The results indicate that compressibility, initial void ratio, water content, over-consolidated ratio (OCR), and sensitivity have larger values near the lake bed. Moreover, increasing the sediment depth leads to significant reductions in these values. According to the sediment strength analysis through the vane shear and standard penetration tests and the unit weight of sediments, there is an increasing trend caused by the increased depths of layers. Diverse applied correlations are proposed and can be used as preliminary estimates in similar types of sediments in engineering projects as well as scientific studies. Furthermore, undrained shear strength and compression index trends in depth and the Su/σ’v Curve against OCR are compared with the literature, and the results reveal similar trends in similar sediments. The main minerals identified in these sediments include calcite, dolomite, quartz, calcium chloride, and halite. The salinity of the lake water is caused by the presence of calcium chloride and halite minerals. The Cao factor observed in chemical compounds can have a significant impact on the cohesion of the soil particles. This research provides comprehensive information on the geotechnical characteristics of UL. Moreover, the results of this study show that UL Sediments are soft and sensitive, especially in shallow depths, and they contain a significant amount of organic content; therefore, it is recommended to use suitable improvement methods in future geotechnical and structural designs. This study and similar surveys can help prepare the groundwork for designing safer marine structures.
Metastatic Jejunal Adenocarcinoma in the Hepatobiliary Limb Post-Liver Transplant: Diagnostic Challenges in a Patient with Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Shah Yash R. , Cezar Carensa , Khan Heena , Inamdar Sumant , Garcia Saenz De Sicilia Mauricio , Deneke Matthew G. , Rude Mary K.
Published: December 2024

Background: The rise in bariatric surgeries, particularly Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), has added complexity to diagnostic evaluations in post-transplant patients. Case Presentation: We present a rare case of metastatic jejunal adenocarcinoma in the biliopancreatic limb of a patient with a history of RYGB, diagnosed three months after simultaneous liver–kidney transplantation. Despite multiple advanced imaging modalities, the primary malignancy eluded detection during pre-transplant evaluation. The patient developed progressive anemia and persistent liver enzyme elevation, which led to a comprehensive diagnostic workup. After failed initial endoscopic and radiological attempts, a multifaceted approach combining PET-CT, targeted open liver biopsy, and repeat endoscopy via a G-tube site enabled the discovery of a 5 cm partially obstructing jejunal mass. Histopathological analysis confirmed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: This case underscores the challenges in diagnosing gastrointestinal malignancies in patients with altered anatomy, particularly following RYGB. It highlights the need for modified cancer screening protocols before organ transplantation, especially for those with complex post-surgical gastrointestinal anatomy, to prevent the development of metastatic disease post-transplant. Further research is warranted to refine screening strategies and improve early malignancy detection in this high-risk population.
Strategies for Cost-Effectiveness in Sustainable Quality Healthcare Delivery in Emerging Economies: The Case of Healthcare Professionals Development in South Africa
Authors: Igbo Francis Ikechukwu , Gossett Kenneth , Nattress Deborah
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This paper suggests strategies for professionals’ continuous development in healthcare institutions to ensure quality and sustainable healthcare delivery in a cost-effective way. Background: Healthcare services are increasingly becoming expensive, and receiving quality service is often difficult. This plunges practices and healthcare institutions into the sphere of the population’s mistrust. They believe in the degradation of quality due to individual experiences, with the direct corollary of reduction in life expectancy in some areas. We therefore propose strategies for enhancing the quality of those individuals for a sustainable healthcare delivery in an emerging market economy, based on the case in South Africa. Method: Cost-effectiveness analysis is chosen for the purpose of non-monetary analysis, and we make use of the qualitative methodology to explore, in detail, the need of strategies to improve healthcare delivery. Results: We propose a suitable digital ecosystem for the professionals’ development, and we evaluate the proposed methodology and the challenges that come from its realization. Conclusions: We find that the application of these strategies yields efficiency and quality, which, when applied continuously, yields sustainability.
The Ponte Delle Chianche on the Via Traiana in Buonalbergo (Benevento, Italy): New Data for an Integrated Study
Authors: Ferrari Ivan
Published: December 2024

This article illustrates a systematic and updated study of the Ponte delle Chianche, a Roman bridge on the ancient Via Traiana built at the beginning of the second century AD and located near Buonalbergo (Benevento, Italy). The study aimed to retrieve all information contained in literary sources and to cross-reference them with new data from research conducted in recent years. Thanks to an instrumental metric survey of the structures, both the construction techniques used and the bridge construction process were better understood, elements that were then incorporated into the development of a 3D reconstruction proposal. At the same time, a close visual analysis of the structures led to the discovery of a large number of brick stamps, also unpublished, which is important for understanding the logistical aspects of the building materials. The results obtained will be used to implement a comprehensive project for the recovery and securing of the property.
Identification of Kunitz-Type Inhibitor Gene Family of Populus yunnanensis Reveals a Stress Tolerance Function in Inverted Cuttings
Authors: Guo Haiyang , Ma Shaojie , Zhang Xiaolin , Xu Rong , Wang Cai , Zhang Shihai , Zhao Lihong , Li Dan , Zong Dan
Published: December 2024

Plant protease inhibitors are a ubiquitous feature of plant species and exert a substantial influence on plant stress responses. However, the KTI (Kunitz trypsin inhibitor) family responding to abiotic stress has not been fully characterized in Populus yunnanensis. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide study of the KTI family and analyzed their gene structure, gene duplication, conserved motifs, cis-acting elements, and response to stress treatment. A total of 29 KTIs were identified in the P. yunnanensis genome. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the PyKTIs were divided into four groups (1,2, 3, and 4). Promoter sequence analysis showed that the PyKTIs contain many cis-acting elements related to light, plant growth, hormone, and stress responses, indicating that PyKTIs are widely involved in various biological regulatory processes. RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that KTI genes were differentially expressed under the inverted cutting stress of P. yunnanensis. Transcriptome analysis of P. yunnanensis leaves revealed that PyKTI16, PyKTI18, and PyKTI19 were highly upregulated after inverted cutting. Through the GEO query of Populus transcriptome data, KTI genes played a positive defense role in MeJa, drought, time series, and pathogen stress. This study provided comprehensive information for the KTI family in P. yunnanensis, which should be helpful for the functional characterization of P. yunnanensis KTI genes in the future.
Efficacy of Trichoderma longibrachiatum SC5 Fermentation Filtrate in Inhibiting the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Growth and Development in Sunflower
Authors: Li Enchen , Zhu Na , Zhang Shuwu , Xu Bingliang , Liu Lilong , Zhang Aiqin
Published: December 2024

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a destructive pathogen responsible for sunflower sclerotinia rot, resulting in substantial yield and economic losses worldwide. Trichoderma species have demonstrated the capacity to inhibit plant pathogen growth through the production of secondary metabolites. However, there are fewer recent studies focusing on the application of Trichoderma metabolites in inhibiting S. sclerotiorum growth and development and controlling sunflower sclerotinia rot disease. Our results showed that five Trichoderma strains (SC5, T6, TN, P6, and TS3) exhibited mycelial growth inhibition higher than 60% in dual culture assays out of the 11 tested strains. The Trichoderma SC5 fermentation filtrate exhibited superior efficacy compared to other strains, achieving a 94.65% inhibition rate of mycelial growth on S. sclerotiorum, 96% inhibition of myceliogenic germination of sclerotia, and 81.05% reduction in the oxalic acid content of S. sclerotiorum, while significantly increasing the cell membrane permeability. In addition, the Trichoderma SC5 fermentation filtrate significantly decreased the activities of polygalacturonase and pectin methyl-galacturonic enzymes and even caused S. sclerotiorum hyphae to swell, branch, twist, lyse, and inhibited the production and development of sclerotia. Moreover, the Trichoderma SC5 fermentation filtrate downregulated genes expression that associated with the growth and infection of S. sclerotiorum. The control efficacies of the protective and curative activities of the Trichoderma SC5 fermentation filtrate were 95.45% and 75.36%, respectively, on detached sunflower leaves at a concentration of 8 mg/mL. Finally, the Trichoderma SC5 was identified as Trichoderma longibrachiatum through morphological and phylogenetic analysis. Our research indicates that the T. longibrachiatum SC5 can be considered a promising biological control candidate against S. sclerotiorum and controlling the sunflower sclerotinia rot disease, both in vitro and in vivo.
RETRACTED: Liu et al. Andrographolide Alleviates Oxidative Damage and Inhibits Apoptosis Induced by IHNV Infection via CTSK/BCL2/Cytc Axis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 308
Authors: Liu Qi , Li Linfang , Zhao Jingzhuang , Ren Guangming , Lu Tongyan , Shao Yizhi , Xu Liming
Published: December 2024

The journal retracts the article “Andrographolide Alleviates Oxidative Damage and Inhibits Apoptosis Induced by IHNV Infection via CTSK/BCL2/Cytc Axis” [...]
Beyond the Synapse: FMR1 and FMRP Molecular Mechanisms in the Nucleus
Authors: Hansen Nicole , Dischler Anna , Dias Caroline
Published: December 2024

FMR1 (Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1), located on the X-chromosome, encodes the multi-functional FMR1 protein (FMRP), critical to brain development and function. Trinucleotide CGG repeat expansions at this locus cause a range of neurological disorders, collectively referred to as Fragile X-related conditions. The most well-known of these is Fragile X syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with syndromic facial features, autism, intellectual disabilities, and seizures. However, CGG expansions of different sizes also confer a risk of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders throughout the lifespan, through distinct molecular mechanisms. Although Fragile X syndrome is associated with downstream synaptic deficits and neuronal hyperexcitability, work in the past decade has demonstrated that both the causative FMR1 trinucleotide repeat expansion and FMRP itself play important roles in nuclear function and regulation, including non-canonical nucleic acid structure formation and chromatin dynamics. These effects are critical to cellular pathophysiology, although the full extent of their contribution to clinical phenotypes is only just emerging. Here, we present a focused review on some of the nuclear consequences of FMR1/FMRP dysregulation, including parallels in other repeat expansion disorders, ranging from studies in model systems to human cells and tissues.
Innovative Therapies Targeting Drug-Resistant Biomarkers in Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC)
Authors: Abah Moses Owoicho , Ogenyi Deborah Oganya , Zhilenkova Angelina V. , Essogmo Freddy Elad , Ngaha Tchawe Yvan Sinclair , Uchendu Ikenna Kingsley , Pascal Akaye Madu , Nikitina Natalia M. , Rusanov Alexander S. , Sanikovich Varvara D. , Pirogova Yuliya N. , Boroda Alexander , Moiseeva Aleksandra V. , Sekacheva Marina I.
Published: December 2024

A thorough study of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) shows that combining tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) shows promising results in addressing the tumor-promoting influences of abnormal immunological and molecular biomarkers in metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC). These abnormal biomarkers enhance drug resistance, support tumor growth, and trigger cancer-related genes. Ongoing clinical trials are testing new treatment options that appear more effective than earlier ones. However, more research is needed to confirm their long-term safety use and potential side effects. This study highlights vital molecular and immunological biomarkers associated with drug resistance in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC). Furthermore, this study identifies a number of promising drug candidates and biomarkers that serve as significant contributors to the enhancement of the overall survival of ccRCC patients. Consequently, this article offers pertinent insights on both recently completed and ongoing clinical trials, recommending further toxicity study for the prolonged use of this treatment strategy for patients with metastatic ccRCC, while equipping researchers with invaluable information for the progression of current treatment strategies.
Effects of Antioxidant Amino Acids on Cancer Sarcopenia
Authors: Nukaga Shota , Fujiwara-Tani Rina , Mori Takuya , Kawahara Isao , Nishida Ryoichi , Miyagawa Yoshihiro , Goto Kei , Ohmori Hitoshi , Fujii Kiyomu , Sasaki Takamitsu , Nakashima Chie , Luo Yi , Kishi Shingo , Ogata Ruiko , Kuniyasu Hiroki
Published: December 2024

Cancer sarcopenia is highly prevalent in patients with advanced cancer, which is closely related to the disease prognosis. Overcoming cancer sarcopenia is important for cancer treatment. Cystine and theanine (CT), antioxidant amino acids, have been applied to the nutritional intervention of various diseases but their effects remain unclear on cancer sarcopenia. We attempt to examine the effect of CT on cancer sarcopenia. Both mouse and in vitro cachexia models showed that CT reduced oxidative stress, inhibited autophagy and apoptosis, improved oxidative phosphorylation and the suppression of high mobility group box-1 production, and improved sarcopenia and muscle maturity. When treated with 5-fluorouracil in a mouse cachexia model, tumor weight decreased but oxidative stress increased and muscle weight and muscle maturity were suppressed regardless of diet. However, in the CT group, oxidative stress was reduced and the exacerbation of sarcopenia by 5-fluorouracil was suppressed. Thus, in cancer cachexia, oxidative stress plays a major role in skeletal muscle damage, and CT, which has an anti-oxidative stress effect, has a strong protective effect on skeletal muscle. In the future, it will be important to conduct clinical studies on nutritional intervention for cancer sarcopenia using CT.
Silencing of Epidermal Growth Factor-like Domain 8 Promotes Proliferation and Cancer Aggressiveness in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells by Activating ERK/MAPK Signaling Cascades
Authors: Song Yong-Jung , Kim Ji-Eun , Rajbongshi Lata , Lim Ye-Seon , Ok Ye-Jin , Hwang Seon-Yeong , Park Hye-Yun , Lee Jin-Eui , Oh Sae-Ock , Kim Byoung-Soo , Lee Dongjun , Kim Hwi-Gon , Yoon Sik
Published: December 2024

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most common female reproductive cancer and the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide. Most human OCs are characterized by high rates of drug resistance and metastasis, leading to poor prognosis. Improving the outcomes of patients with relapsed and treatment-resistant OC remains a challenge. This study aimed to investigate the role of epidermal growth factor-like domain 8 (EGFL8) in human OC by examining the effects of siRNA-mediated EGFL8 knockdown on cancer progression. EGFL8 knockdown in human OC cells promoted aggressive traits associated with cancer progression, including enhanced proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, chemoresistance, and reduced apoptosis. Additionally, knockdown upregulated the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (Snail, Twist1, Zeb1, Zeb2, and vimentin) and cancer stem cell biomarkers (Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, KLF4, and ALDH1A1), and increased the expression of matrix metallopeptidases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), drug resistance genes (MDR1 and MRP1), and Notch1. Low EGFL8 expression also correlated with poor prognosis in human OC. Overall, this study provides crucial evidence that EGFL8 inhibits the proliferation and cancer aggressiveness of human OC cells by suppressing ERK/MAPK signaling. Therefore, EGFL8 may serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker and a potential target for developing novel human OC therapies.
Macrocyclic Diterpenoids from Euphorbia peplus Possessing Activity Towards Autophagic Flux
Authors: Chen Lu , Liu Lulan , Li Yingyao , Guan Shipeng , Fan Lingling , Qin Xujie , Di Yingtong , Tang Lei , Luo Rongcan , Yan Ying
Published: December 2024

Euphjatrophanes H–L (1–5), four new jatrophane-type and one new lathyrane-type diterpenoid, were isolated from Euphorbia peplus, along with eight known diterpenoids (6–13). Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and X-ray crystallographic experiments. All compounds were subjected to bioactivity evaluation using flow cytometry in autophagic flux assays with HM mCherry-GFP-LC3 cells, the human microglia cells which stably expressed the tandem monomeric mCherry-GFP-tagged LC3. Compounds 1–3, 5–10, and 12 significantly increase autophagic flux, and compounds 1 and 12 displayed relatively high BBB permeability, with logPe values of −4.853 and −5.017, respectively. These findings indicated that jatrophane diterpenoids could serve as a valuable source for innovative autophagy inducers.
The Anti-Obesity Effect of Fish Oil in Diet-Induced Obese Mice Occurs via Both Decreased Food Intake and the Induction of Heat Production Genes in Brown but Not White Adipose Tissue
Authors: Obo Takahiko , Hashiguchi Hiroshi , Matsuda Eriko , Kawade Shigeru , Ogiso Kazuma , Iwai Haruki , Ataka Koji , Yasuda Osamu , Arimura Aiko , Deguchi Takahisa , Morino Katsutaro , Asakawa Akihiro , Nishio Yoshihiko
Published: December 2024

Omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil have been shown to prevent diet-induced obesity in lean mice and to promote heat production in adipose tissue. However, the effects of fish oil on obese animals remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of fish oil in obese mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed a lard-based high-fat diet (LD) for 8 weeks and then assigned to either a fish oil-based high-fat diet (FOD) or continued the LD for additional 8 weeks. A control group was fed a standard diet for 16 weeks. Mice fed the FOD showed weight loss, reduced adipose tissue mass, and lower plasma insulin and leptin levels compared to those fed the LD. Rectal temperatures were higher in the FOD and LD groups compared to the control group. Energy intake was lower in the FOD group than the LD group but similar to the control group. The FOD and LD groups exhibited increased expression of heat-producing genes such as Ppargc1a, Ucp1, Adrb3, and Ppara in brown adipose tissue but not in white adipose tissue. The FOD reduced food consumption and increased rectal temperature and heat-producing genes in brown adipose tissue. Fish oil may therefore be a potential therapeutic approach to obesity.
Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibition in Combination with Aripiprazole Sensitizes Hepatocellular Cancer Cells to Sorafenib and Doxorubicin
Authors: Jennemann Richard , Volz Martina , Frias-Soler Roberto Carlos , Schulze Almut , Richter Karsten , Kaden Sylvia , Sandhoff Roger
Published: December 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths due to its late diagnosis and restricted therapeutic options. Therefore, the search for appropriate alternatives to commonly applied therapies remains an area of high clinical need. Here we investigated the therapeutic potential of the glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) inhibitor Genz-123346 and the cationic amphiphilic drug aripiprazole on the inhibition of Huh7 and Hepa 1-6 hepatocellular cancer cell and tumor microsphere growth. Single and combinatorial treatments with both drugs at 5 µM concentration led to efficient cell cycle arrest, reduced expression of cyclins A and E, increased lipid storage in lysosomal compartments, accompanied by increased uptake of lysotracker, and elevated expression of the autophagy marker Lc3 II. Both drugs affected mitochondrial function, indicated by altered mitotracker uptake and impaired mitochondrial respiration. Aripiprazole in monotherapy, or even more pronounced in combination with Genz, also potentiated the effect of the cytostatic drugs sorafenib and doxorubicin on tumor cell- and tumor spheroid-growth inhibition. Targeting GCS with Genz with the parallel application of cationic amphiphilic drugs such as aripiprazole in combination with cytostatic drugs may thus represent a potent therapeutic approach in the treatment of HCC and potentially other cancer types.
Anise and Fennel Essential Oils and Their Combination as Natural and Safe Housefly Repellents
Authors: Passara Hataichanok , Sittichok Sirawut , Puwanard Cheepchanok , Sinthusiri Jirisuda , Moungthipmalai Tanapoom , Murata Kouhei , Soonwera Mayura
Published: December 2024

Essential oils (EOs) are effective repellents and eco-friendly alternatives. We tested single and combination EOs of fennel and anise for repellency and stability against houseflies. All treatments were stored at 27 °C for up to 360 days. Efficacies were compared against α-cypermethrin as a reference. Safety bioassay used on two representative non-target species (guppies and earthworms) confirmed safety. The strongest repellency and stability, 100% repellency and RC50 of 0.4 mL/m3 on day 1, was achieved by a fennel + anise EO combination (1:1). After 360 days, these combinations remained effective (95% repellency), and RC50 = 0.8 mL/m3. The EO combinations were more effective than all single EOs and α-cypermethrin at all times, showing strong synergy with a synergistic repellent index of 2.4 to 3.3. This fennel + anise EO combination was more than 24 times more effective as a repellent than α-cypermethrin. Morphological damage included damaged antennae with twisted flagella and abnormal aristae. All single and combination EOs were not toxic to the non-targets and could be considered safe, whereas α-cypermethrin was highly toxic to them. Thus, the fennel + anise EO combination has great potential to be developed as a safe, natural repellent for managing housefly populations.
Outcomes of NSTEMI Admissions and Significance of TIMI Scores: A Nationwide Analysis Using the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Varughese Vivek Joseph , Pollock James , Patel Prem , Richardson Chandler , Joseph Cara , Vacca Dominic , Mujadzic Hata
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The main aim of this study is to analyze the outcomes of NSTEMI admissions and test the relevance of TIMI as a risk score in a real-world setting. We also examine any potential social or health care disparities involved with outcomes of NSTEMI admissions. This study also investigates factors associated with mortality in NSTEMI admissions and its correlation with heart catheterization during admission. Methods: NSTEMI admissions were analyzed using the National Inpatient Sample. TIMI scores were calculated for the admissions and their association with all-cause mortality was studied. Differences in mortality outcomes based on heart catheterization during admission were studied in the subgroup with a TIMI score > 2. Correlations between time to heart catheterization and all-cause mortality in NSTEMI admissions were analyzed. Results: No significant social or healthcare disparities were noted among outcomes for NSTEMI admissions. NSTEMI admissions with a calculated TIMI score > 2 had a statistically significant association with all-cause mortality during admission: odds ratio 1.33 (95% CI 1.23–1.43, p value: 0.00). The prevalence of mortality among NSTEMI admissions with a calculated TIMI score > 2 who did not undergo heart catheterization was higher with statistical significance (6.23%; 95% CI: 5.84–6.65%), when compared to admissions who underwent heart catheterization (2.41%; 95% CI: 2.25–2.59%). NSTEMI admissions with a calculated TIMI score > 2 who underwent catheterization on or beyond the fourth day of hospitalization had a statistically significant association with all-cause mortality during admission: odds ratio: 2.56 (95% CI: 2.31–2.83, p value: 0.00). Age at admission, presence of CKD and CHF were associated with mortality in NSTEMI admissions, with statistical significance. Conclusions: Based on the results of our analysis, no disparities in terms of race/sex/hospital location, etc., were seen for NSTEMI in-hospital outcomes. Admissions with a TIMI score > 2 had a statistically significant association with in-hospital mortality, after accounting for confounders. Among NSTEMI admissions with a TIMI score > 2, those who did not undergo heart catheterization during admission were found to have a higher prevalence of in-hospital mortality. No social or healthcare disparities were seen among admissions with TIMI score > 2 who did not undergo heart catheterization during admission. We also noted that NSTEMI admissions with a TIMI score > 2 who underwent heart catheterization on or beyond Day 4 of the initial admission were associated with higher mortality.
Prediction of Wear Rate by a New Direct Method Using the Friction Coefficient Curve
Authors: Villanueva Ester , Albizuri Joseba , Caballero Patricia , Guraya Teresa , Vicario Iban
Published: December 2024

This work aims to introduce a new method to predict the wear rate accurately and quickly. Using techniques such as laser scanning confocal microscopy can take a long time to estimate the wear of the experimental alloys in situ. Developing a new method based on calculating the area under the early stages of the friction curve can be a useful and quick tool for estimating wear rate values and comparing wear between different alloys and conditions. The results validated the application of this new method with a regression coefficient of 0.98. This work also demonstrates that wear in the early stages accounts for the highest wear, indicating that the friction coefficient in the steady-state is not always a reliable indicator of the total wear rate. Hardness can be a more influencing parameter on wear rate than steady-state friction coefficient. Using the new method can help reduce time and predict wear more accurately of different alloys.
Two Minutes to Midnight: The 2024 Iranian Missile Attack on Israel as a Live Media Event
Authors: Yavetz Gal , Vasiliu Vlad
Published: December 2024

This study examines the psychological and social impacts of the April 2024 Iranian combined attack on Israel—a new, globally unprecedented experience for civilians. Aware of incoming missiles and drones, Israelis followed real-time television coverage, including countdowns and visual simulations, which allowed them to anticipate the impacts of potential strikes on their homes and communities. The attack and its coverage blurred the boundaries between crisis and media spectacle, creating a rare convergence of immediate personal threat with real-time media framing. This paper explores how this unique format influenced public anxiety, news consumption, and crisis perception. The results reveal the profound psychological effects of this real-time threat monitoring, raising important questions about the media’s impact on framing crises such as live events and the corresponding effects on public mental health.
Residual Dynamics of Chlorantraniliprole and Fludioxonil in Soil and Their Effects on the Microbiome
Authors: Hao Nan , Zhang Huimin , Jia Hui , Zhao Yuwei , Li Jiaqi , Feng Xiaoxiao , Tang Bowen , Zhao Bin , Liu Yingchao
Published: December 2024

The increased use of chlorantraniliprole and fludioxonil has sparked concerns about their residues and impact on the soil microbiome, highlighting an urgent issue requiring attention. This study investigates the residue dynamics of corn after chlorantraniliprole and fludioxonil treatments, as well as their effects on soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure. High-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis showed a significant decrease in chlorantraniliprole and fludioxonil residues in the soil after combined application, especially with chlorantraniliprole. This application caused a temporary reduction in urease and sucrase activities. Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing of the soil microbiome revealed a decrease in the relative abundance of Talaromyces during fludioxonil application, while Mortierela and Gibberella increased. Additionally, Vicianmibacteraceae and Vicianminbactererales saw significant increases after chlorantraniliprole application. The combined application of chlorantraniliprole and fludioxonil not only decreased the population of harmful microorganisms but also lowered residue levels in the soil when compared to individual applications. This ultimately enhanced the efficacy of control measures and promoted environmental compatibility.
The Role of Board Independence in Enhancing External Auditor Independence
Authors: Fathelbab Osama Elsayed Abdelmaksoud , Abu Quba’ Hamzeh Yousef
Published: December 2024

Legislative regulations have recognized the significance of board independence in enhancing the board’s role and strengthening its autonomy, which are among the key features that mitigate conflicts of interest between management and shareholders. External auditing serves as a pivotal element of corporate governance, acting as a monitoring mechanism to reduce information asymmetry and safeguard principal interests by ensuring the accuracy and fairness of financial statements. This, in turn, reassures data users and stakeholders. The study aimed to examine the effect of board independence on enhancing external auditor independence among 72 Jordanian service companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2021, with a study sample of 62 companies. The findings revealed a negative impact of board member independence on external auditor independence, as measured by audit firm size. However, company size positively influenced external auditor independence, while no effect was found for financial leverage or company age. The findings highlight the need for companies to strengthen internal controls and governance practices to enhance external auditor independence. Additionally, they suggest that company size plays a crucial role, while other factors like financial leverage and company age may have limited impact, indicating areas for further exploration in future research.
The Machiavellian Spectacle in Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure
Authors: Moore Andrew
Published: December 2024

In Measure for Measure Shakespeare addresses a question that is both straightforward and hard to answer: how do we make people obey the law? Over the course of the play, this simple question gives way to a complex set of problems about human will, political legitimacy, and the origins of sovereign power. Measure for Measure is concerned with illicit activity and ineffective government. But in this comedy—this “problem play”—Shakespeare is especially interested in the political mechanism by which authority and obedience are restored. How is a delinquent population, used to license, brought under control? Shakespeare examines one strategy in this play, one he has seemingly adapted from the Florentine political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli. Multiple critics have recognized that the story of Duke Vincentio and his deviant deputy, Lord Angelo, bear a striking resemblance to the story Machiavelli tells about Cesare Borgia and Remirro de Orco in Chapter 7 of The Prince. Here, I build upon these analyses to offer a new account of Shakespeare’s relationship to Machiavelli and political realism more generally. The Cesare story provides Shakespeare with an opportunity to explore how spectacle and theatricality can be used—not only to subdue an unruly population but to legitimate sovereign authority. However, Shakespeare delves deeper than Machiavelli into the mechanism whereby political authority is reestablished, first by considering the psychological conditions of the Duke’s subjects (both before and during his spectacular display of power), and second, by emphasizing the need for individual citizens to will sovereign authority into being. As we will see, in Shakespeare’s Vienna, order can only be restored once the delinquent people beg to be governed.
Symmetries for the Semi-Discrete Lattice Potential Korteweg–de Vries Equation
Authors: Cheng Junwei , Tian Xiang
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we prove that the isospectral flows associated with both the x-part and the n-part of the Lax pair of the semi-discrete lattice potential Korteweg–de Vries equation are symmetries of the equation. Furthermore, we show that these two hierarchies of symmetries are equivalent. Additionally, we construct the non-isospectral flows associated with the x-part of the Lax pair, which can be interpreted as the master symmetries of the semi-discrete lattice potential Korteweg–de Vries equation.
Multistrategic Approaches in the Treatment of Acute Migraine During Pregnancy: The Effectiveness of Physiotherapy, Exercise, and Relaxation Techniques
Authors: Baykan Çopuroğlu Özge , Çopuroğlu Mehmet
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Migraine is a common neurological condition that significantly impacts quality of life, especially in women during their reproductive years. Pregnancy poses unique challenges for migraine management due to hormonal changes and the limited use of pharmacological treatments. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as physiotherapy, exercise, and relaxation techniques, offer promising alternatives for managing migraines during this critical period. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy, structured exercise, and relaxation techniques in reducing migraine frequency, severity, and duration while improving psychosocial outcomes such as quality of life, stress levels, and sleep quality in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: Sixty pregnant women diagnosed with acute migraine were randomly assigned into three intervention groups: physiotherapy, structured exercise, and relaxation techniques. Each intervention lasted 8 weeks. The primary outcomes included migraine frequency, severity (measured by VAS), and duration. The secondary outcomes included quality of life (SF-36), stress (PSS), and sleep quality (PSQI). Statistical analyses were conducted using one-way ANOVA and paired t-tests. Results: All interventions significantly reduced migraine frequency, severity, and duration (p < 0.05). Physiotherapy demonstrated the greatest reduction in migraine frequency (45%) and severity (36%), while exercise yielded the most significant improvement in duration (42%). Relaxation techniques were particularly effective in reducing stress and anxiety levels. Quality of life and sleep quality improved across all groups, with unique benefits observed for each intervention. Conclusions: Physiotherapy, structured exercise, and relaxation techniques are effective, safe, and non-invasive interventions for managing acute migraines during pregnancy. These findings provide evidence-based alternatives to pharmacological treatments, highlighting the importance of holistic approaches to migraine management during pregnancy. Further research is needed to confirm long-term efficacy and explore combined interventions.
Challenges in the Management of Giant Carcinoma Ex-Pleiomorphic Adenoma of the Parotid Gland in a Single Tertiary Center
Authors: Bratiloveanu Miruna , Dumitru Mihai , Marinescu Andreea Nicoleta , Serboiu Crenguta , Patrascu Oana Maria , Costache Adrian , Vrinceanu Daniela
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Carcinoma ex-pleiomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is a carcinoma derived from a primary or recurrent pleiomorphic adenoma. Microscopically, non-invasive CXPA (intracapsular and carcinoma in situ), minimally invasive CXPA (extracapsular invasion less than 1.5 mm), and invasive CXPA (extracapsular invasion more than 1.5 mm) are described. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective clinical study over the period of 2009–2023 in patients admitted to the ENT Department of the Bucharest University Emergency Hospital. Results: In the studied group, there was a net male predominance of 2.5:1. The tumor evolution until presentation was 6.64 years on average, with values between 2 and 20 years. The reasons for presenting to our department included a sudden increase in size in eleven cases (78.57%), pain in nine cases (64.29%), peripheral facial paralysis in eight cases (57.14%), skin invasion/ulceration in five cases (35.71%), and massive tumor hemorrhage in one case (7.14%). There were histopathological results on paraffin of myoepithelial CXPA in four cases (28.57%), of high-grade CXPA (salivary duct, secretory) in eight cases (57.14%), and of squamous CXPA in two cases (14.29%). The patients with unfavorable evolution showed the following characteristics: a tumor diameter over 11 cm (four cases), integument invasion (four cases), perivascular invasion at HP exam (six cases), perineural invasion at HP exam (six cases), and invasion of the ganglion (three N3b cases and two N1 cases). Conclusions: CXPA is a neoplasia that, when associated with large tumor volumes or peripheral facial paralysis in particular, is a challenge for both the doctor and patient.
Fibrous Dysplasia of the Ethmoid Bone Diagnosed in a 10-Year-Old Patient
Authors: Resler Zofia , Morawska-Kochman Monika , Resler Katarzyna , Zatoński Tomasz
Published: December 2024

Fibrous dysplasia is an uncommon bone disorder affecting various parts of the skeleton, often affecting facial and cranial bones. In this case, a 10-year-old patient was diagnosed with fibrous dysplasia of the ethmoid sinus at an early age. The patient has experienced nasal congestion, snores, and worsening nasal patency since 2019. A CT scan revealed an expansive proliferative lesion, likely from the frontal or ethmoid bone, protruding into the nasal cavity, ethmoid sinus, and right orbit. The tumor causes bone defects in the area of the nasal bone, leading to fluid retention in the peripheral parts of the right maxillary sinus. The patient’s parents decided not to undergo surgery to remove the diseased tissue and reconstruct the area, as it would be very extensive, risky, and disfiguring. The patient is being treated conservatively with an MRI, with a contrast performed approximately every six months and infusions of bisphosphonates. Despite the lesion’s size, the patient does not experience pain characteristic of dysplasia, and functions typically. Fibrous dysplasia of bone is a rare condition that presents with the most visually apparent manifestations, often mistaken for other bone conditions. Advanced diagnostic tools, like CT and MRI, are used to identify conditions affecting the ethmoid sinus more frequently. However, diagnostic errors often occur in imaging studies, leading to confusion. The most common period for clinical manifestations and diagnosis is around 10 years of age. The preferred approach in managing fibrous dysplasia involves symptomatic treatment, which can alleviate airway obstruction, restore normal globe position and visual function, and address physical deformities. Surgical intervention is recommended only for patients with severe functional impairment, progressive deformities, or malignant transformation.