bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Umjetna inteligencija kao segment strategije ili značenje (uloga) umjetne inteligencije u strategijskom planiranju
Authors: Anić Nikola , Anić Petar
Published: March 2021

Umjetna inteligencija (UI), engl. Artificial intelligence – (AI)
zasigurno je najrazvikanija i najrasprostranjenija riječ u područjima
znanstvenog istraživanja u proteklih nekoliko godina te je postala
najzanimljivije područje razvoja. Pravovremeno prepoznavanje UI kao strategijskog
opredjeljenja i investicijskog ulaganja jedno je od najzanimljivijih, ali
najsloženijih područja ekonomske teorije i prakse. Usko povezana s procesom
društveno ekonomskog razvitka investicija svojim multiplikativnim djelovanjem
na gospodarstvo kao cjelinu, bitno opredjeljuje praktično sve ekonomske tokove
pa i stanja. Strategijsko planiranje bi svakako trebalo podrazumijevati
investicijsko ulaganje u UI te se u značajnoj mjeri koristiti kao mehanizam
alokacije raspoloživih resursa posebno u malome gospodarstvu koje ima
ograničene prirodne i privredne resurse kao što je hrvatsko.
Schwingungsisolation von Gebäuden mittels hochbelastbarer, elastischer Punkt- und Streifenlagerung, dargestellt am Beispiel des Projekts Einkaufszentrum und Hotel Moosach/Vibration insulation of buildings using highly stressable, elastic point and line bearings, illustrated by the example of the projekt „Shopping Centreand Hotel Moosach“
Authors: Gerhaher Ulrich , Zindler Rainer , Grass Bertram
Published: March 2021

Zur Vermeidung von Erschütterungen und von sekundärem Luftschall infolge von Schwingungen, die über den Untergrund in ein Gebäude eingetragen werden, werden einzelne Abschnitte oder gesamte Gebäude elastisch vom Untergrund isoliert. Die elastische Lagerungsebene kann unter der Bodenplatte des Gebäudes – meist vollflächig – oder als Punkt- und Streifenlagerung auf Wänden und Stützen in einer höheren Gebäudeebene angeordnet werden. Der Einbau in einer höheren Ebene führt zu einer Reduktion der zu übertragenden Lasten und – infolge der geringeren Flächen von Punkt- und Streifenlagerungen – zu einer Verringerung des Materialbedarfs. In der Regel werden die Werkstoffe bei dieser Anordnung der Lagerebene vergleichsweise hohen Pressungen ausgesetzt. Ein Versagen bei dieser Lagerungsart könnte erheblichen Einfluss auf die Lastverteilung im Gebäude haben, wodurch ein Einfluss auf die Tragsicherheit gegeben wäre. Könnte dieser Fall bei einem Versagen der Lager eintreten, so ist in Deutschland ein Nachweis des Dauerstandverhaltens der Lager durch eine Zulassung oder durch ein entsprechendes Lagermonitoring erforderlich, wie im vorgestellten Beispiel des Projekts Einkaufszentrum um Hotel Moosach beschrieben.
Zur Statik des schubelastischen Laminatbalkens/On statics of shear elastic composite beams
Authors: Wimmer Heinz
Published: March 2021

Nach einer kurzen Erläuterung der wichtigsten, heute zur Verfügung stehenden Laminat-Theorien wird die unlängst entwickelte, verbesserte Zickzack-Theorie nach A.Tessler aufgegriffen und im Detail beschrieben. Diese neue, im Bauwesen bisher wenig rezipierte Theorie besticht durch ihre Einfachheit und hohe Genauigkeit bei der Prognose von Verformungen und Spannungen unabhängig von der Anzahl der Laminatschichten und deren Eigenschaften. Sie benötigt keinen Schubkorrekturfaktor. Es wird erstmals eine explizite Steifigkeitsmatrix samt konsistentem Lastvektor für ein anisoparametrisches finites Stabelement hergeleitet. Als mögliche Anwendung im Bauwesen werden die zylindrische Biegung eines Verbundglasträgers und einer Brettsperrholzplatte gewählt, wobei sich zeigt, dass durch die klassische Schubdeformationstheorie erster Ordnung insbesondere an Stellen mit gleichzeitig hoher Querkraft- und Momentenbeanspruchung die Längsspannungen mitunter deutlich unterschätzt werden.
Zeitabhängige Windbeanspruchungen von geklebten Fassadenanschlüssen/Time-dependent wind loads of bonded façade connections
Authors: Kemper Frank , Ledecky Lukas , Feldmann Markus , Pasternak Hartmut , Fischer Vitali
Published: March 2021

Für die Bemessung lastabtragender Klebverbindungen im Fassadenbereich ist zu beachten, dass die Windbelastungen auf den Bauwerksoberflächen sowohl zeitlich als auch räumlich veränderlich sind. Während für übliche Fassadenanschlüsse eine Bemessung mit charakteristischen Extremwerten ausreichend ist, muss beim Einsatz von sowohl höhermoduligen (z. B. Acrylat) als auch niedrigmoduligen (z. B. Polyurethan) Klebstoffen, die beide ein zeit- und temperaturabhängiges Materialverhalten aufweisen, eine vollständige Beschreibung dieser zeitbezogenen Lasteinwirkungen erfolgen. Nur dadurch wird letztlich die erforderliche betriebsfeste Auslegung eines geklebten Fassadenanschlusses ermöglicht. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Ermittlung von zeitbezogenen Lasteinwirkungen und die Berechnung der daraus resultierenden Beanspruchungs-Zeit-Funktionen infolge von natürlichen Windeinwirkungen auf Basis von Windkanalversuchen und Windstatistik thematisiert. Anhand geeigneter Zählverfahren und unter Berücksichtigung von klebstoffspezifischen Materialeigenschaften wird exemplarisch aufgezeigt, inwiefern unterschiedliche Fassadenpositionen und Windeigenschaften für die Auslegung von geklebten Fassadenanschlüssen von Bedeutung sind.
Aktivierung des Pfahlmantelwiderstandes von Bohrpfählen im Festgestein/Mobilization of the shaft friction of bored piles in hard rock
Authors: Korte Ansgar , Festag Gerd , Spang Christian , Mähner Dietmar
Published: March 2021

Die Aktivierung der Mantelreibung von Bohrpfählen kann nur dann erfolgen, wenn auch eine Setzung des Bohrpfahls stattfindet. Werden Bohrpfähle im Festgestein gegründet, so kann diese Setzung grundsätzlich nicht garantiert werden und die Mantelreibung darf nach den gültigen Regeln der Technik in diesem Fall nicht angesetzt werden. Aus diesem Grund werden derartige Bohrpfähle im Festgestein in der Regel als reine Spitzendruckbohrpfähle dimensioniert, welche die Lasten nur über die Pfahlfußfläche in den Untergrund ableiten.

 

Mithilfe eines Einbauteils in Form einer Stauchdose, die in den Pfahl eingesetzt wird, konnte unter Laborbedingungen an kleinformatigen Bohrpfählen gezeigt werden, dass eine definierte, vorher festgelegte, reproduzierbare Setzung erreicht werden kann. Die maximal mögliche Setzung kann dabei durch die Konstruktion der Stauchdose in nahezu beliebiger Größenordnung spezifisch vorgegeben werden, sodass keine unkontrollierte, größere, gegebenenfalls für das zu gründende Bauwerk schädliche Setzung, erfolgen kann. Gleichzeitig kann durch die massive Konstruktion der Stauchdose nach erfolgter Setzung (respektive dem „Schließen“ der Dose) der Widerstand über die Pfahlfußfläche uneingeschränkt aktiviert oder angesetzt werden. Die Installation der Stauchdose ermöglicht somit den Ansatz eines größeren Gesamtwiderstandes des Bohrpfahls und somit eine deutlich wirtschaftlichere Gründung als sie derzeit praktiziert wird.
Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Stauspiegelschwankungen auf das Verhalten einer langsamen Massenbewegung/Investigations on the influence of water level changes on the behaviour of a slow moving landslide
Authors: Marte Roman , Schweiger Helmut F. , Ausweger Georg M.
Published: March 2021

Langsame Massenbewegungen stellen eine potenzielle Gefährdung für die Umgebung dar, wenn es aufgrund äußerer Einflüsse zu einem plötzlichen Versagen oder stark zunehmenden Bewegungsraten kommen kann. In diesem Beitrag wird der Einfluss von Stauspiegelschwankungen in einem Speicherbecken auf das Bewegungsverhalten einer langsamen Massenbewegung untersucht. Hierfür werden einerseits die Ergebnisse der messtechnischen Überwachung und andererseits umfangreiche numerische Untersuchungen herangezogen. Im Zuge der numerischen Untersuchungen wird anhand einer Vorstudie der Einfluss von Wasserspiegelschwankungen auf die Porenwasserdrücke im Untergrund untersucht. Dabei wird auch ein quasigesättigter Zustand des Untergrunds mitberücksichtigt. Anschließend werden die dabei gesammelten Erkenntnisse auf ein 2D-Modell angewendet. Ein Vergleich der Berechnungs- und Messergebnisse führt zu einem besseren Verständnis des Verhaltens der Massenbewegung und in weiterer Folge ermöglicht die numerische Untersuchung eine Abschätzung des Einflusses der Wasserspiegelschwankungen auf die Standsicherheit der Massenbewegung. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen dienen als Grundlage für die Ausarbeitung von Stabilisierungsmaßnahmen.
BIM-gerechter Entwurf von BrückenGrundlagen, Methodik und technische Anforderungen/BIM adequate design of bridges – Principals, Methodology and technical Requirements
Authors: Nöldgen Markus , Bach Andreas
Published: March 2021

In der Planung, Bauausführung und im Betrieb von Ingenieurbauwerken werden im Zuge der Umstellung auf ein durchgängiges modellbasiertes Arbeiten über den Lebenszyklus (BIM) in naher Zukunft weitreichende methodische und technische Änderungen auf alle beteiligten Akteure zukommen. Der Umstellungsprozess wurde seitens des Bundesministeriums für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur (BMVI) im Jahr 2015 und der Deutschen Bahn im Jahr 2017 offiziell gestartet mit der Ankündigung der Einführung der Methode ab dem Jahr 2020. Ausgehend von den an individuellen Pilotprojekten der Forschungskooperation der Technischen Hochschule Köln und der Schüßler-Plan Ingenieurgesellschaft gewonnenen Erkenntnissen liefert dieser Beitrag Grundlagen, methodische Ansätze und technische Anforderungen für eine BIM-gerechte objektplanerische Bearbeitung von Entwürfen im Brückenbau.
Sicherheitsaspekte bei nicht-linearen FEM Berechnungen/Safety aspects in non-linear FEM calculations
Authors: Tecusan Remus , Zilch Konrad
Published: March 2021

Das semiprobabilistische Sicherheitskonzept mit Teilsicherheitsbeiwerten, welches der Nachweisführung in den aktuell gültigen Normen zu Grunde liegt, ist für lineare Schnittgrößenermittlung und Querschnittsbemessung gut geeignet. Bei nicht-linearen Finite-Elemente-Berechnungen lässt sich das wirkliche Tragverhalten eines konkreten Bauwerks oder Versuchs mit Materialparameter auf Mittelwertniveau am realistischsten simulieren. Deshalb ist es noch unklar, ob sich das Sicherheitskonzept mit Teilsicherheitsbeiwerten ohne Weiteres auf nicht-lineare Finite-Elemente-Berechnungen übertragen lässt. Durch den Einsatz von Bemessungswerten für Materialparameter in einer nicht-linearen Finite-Elemente-Berechnungen kann das Tragverhalten (Rissbildung, Umlagerungseffekte) eines Bauwerks oder Bauteils nicht wirklichkeitsnah abgebildet werden. Für nicht-lineare Finite-Elemente-Berechnungen gibt es eine Reihe von Sicherheitskonzepten, die mehr oder minder hohe Sicherheitsniveaus aufweisen. Dabei spielen die Eingangswerte einer nicht-linearen Finite-Elemente-Berechnung eine wesentliche Rolle für das erzielte Bemessungsniveau. Dazu muss noch beachtet werden, dass bei den angewendeten Sicherheitskonzepten alle Unsicherheiten durch entsprechende Sicherheitsfaktoren erfasst und abgedeckt werden.
Energieeffizienz von lufttechnischen Anlagen/Energy efficiency of HVAC systems - Case study of the ETA transfer project in the machining industry
Authors: Petruschke Lars , Burkhardt Max , Grosch Benedikt , Kohne Thomas , Weigold Matthias , Zens Michael , Frings Laura
Published: March 2021

Im Projekt ETA-Transfer werden Produktionsanlagen sowie die entsprechenden versorgungstechnischen Anlagen hinsichtlich energetischer Optimierungspotenziale untersucht. Bei sieben Unternehmen werden die jeweiligen lufttechnischen Anlagen analysiert. Hierzu werden Mess- und Unternehmensdaten erhoben, um dann mittels Simulationen potenzielle Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen bewerten zu können. Insgesamt wird in der Fallstudie ein CO2-Einsparpotenzial von circa 870 t/a identifiziert.

 

The ETA transfer project investigates production plants as well as the corresponding technical supply systems regarding their potential for energy optimization. The heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems of seven companies are analyzed. For this purpose, measurement and company data is collected to simulate and evaluate potential energy efficiency measures. The case study identifies a CO2 savings potential totalling approximately 870 t/a.
Risikobewertung von Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen/Risk assessment of energy efficiency measures
Authors: Schneider Christian , Burkert Melina , Weise Patrik , Sauer Alexander
Published: March 2021

Das Risikomanagement von Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen ist ein bislang noch wenig betrachtetes Forschungsfeld. Daher behandelt dieser Beitrag die Risikobewertung von Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen. Bestehende Methoden zur Risikobewertung basieren unter anderem auf der Fuzzy-Logik. Ihr Vorteil ist die einfache Quantifizierung von qualitativem Expertenwissen für die Analyse der Risikostruktur. Der Beitrag nutzt die Fuzzy-Logik, um eine Methode für die Risikobewertung von Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen unter Einbeziehung von Expertenwissen zu präsentieren und ordnet diese in bestehende Ansätze zur Risikobewertung ein.

 

The risk management of energy efficiency measures is a research field that has been little considered so far. The article focuses on the risk assessment of energy efficiency measures. Existing methods for risk assessment include approaches based on fuzzy logic. Advantage is the simple inclusion of quantification of qualitative expert knowledge for the analysis of the risk structure. The article uses fuzzy logic to present a method for the risk assessment of energy efficiency measures involving expert knowledge and integrates it into existing risk assessment approaches.
Integrative Simulation für faserverstärkte Bauteile/Integrative simulation for fiber-reinforced components
Authors: Andrä Heiko , Grimm-Strele Hannes , Kabel Matthias , Köbler Jonathan , Niedziela Dariusz , Steiner Konrad
Published: March 2021

Faserverstärkte Kunststoffe spielen im Leichtbau eine große Rolle. Gründe hierfür sind das gute Gewicht-Steifigkeitsverhältnis sowie die kosteneffizienten und massenproduktionstauglichen Fertigungsverfahren. Für die Entwicklung und Auslegung von kurz- und langfaserverstärkten Bauteilen haben wir eine integrierte skalenübergreifende Simulationskette entwickelt, die den Fertigungsprozess und die daraus erzeugten Materialeigenschaften automatisch berücksichtigt.

 

Fiber reinforced plastics have a high stiffness to weight ratio and can be cost efficiently produced on a mass production scale by injection or compression molding. Therefore, this type of material plays an important role for producing lightweight components. We developed an integrative multiscale simulation method for the dimensioning of short and long fiber reinforced components, which takes into account the production process as well as the resulting locally varying material properties.
Geklebte Keramiken im unterbrochenen Schnitt/Adhesive bonded ceramics in intermittent cutting – Investigation of circular sawing of grey cast iron with adhesively bonded ceramic teeth
Authors: Stroka Michael , Stribick Sascha , Kolb Moritz
Published: March 2021

Der Beitrag beschreibt, wie Verbundkreissägeblätter mit geklebten keramischen Zähnen hergestellt wurden. Dafür wurden die Keramiken, aufbauend auf bisherigen eigenen Untersuchungen, mittels Laseroberflächenstrukturierung vorbehandelt und mit einem modifizierten Lötautomaten verklebt. Anschließend wurden die Werkzeuge geschliffen und in einem Modellversuch auf ihre Funktionsfähigkeit und Einsatzverhalten untersucht.

 

This article presents the manufacturing of adhesively bonded circular saw blades with ceramic teeth. Based on own previous investigations, the ceramic surfaces were treated by laser surface texturing and adhesively bonded by a modified brazing machine. Then the tools were grinded and functioning and behavior were validated in a model experiment.
Autonomes Schleifen von Aluminium- und Stahloberflächen/Autonomous grinding of lightweight constructions
Authors: Pulli Hannah , Brassel Jan Oliver , Drechsel Michael Wilhelm , Mayer Mathias , Fleischer Jürgen , Hönle Severin
Published: March 2021

Zur Umsetzung des autonomen Schleifens ist eine Kombination aus Software und Hardware notwendig. Die Verbindung ermöglicht die Steigerung von Produktivität und Reproduzierbarkeit. In diesem Forschungsbeitrag werden ein Überblick über die Identifikation und Klassifizierung von Fehlerstellen auf Karosserieoberflächen gegeben sowie automatisierte Schleifversuche vorgestellt, die schließlich den Weg zur Prozessautomation zeigen.

 

Automating surface-finish of single car-bodies requires to combine software and hardware. Thus, productivity and reproducibility can be increased. This paper focuses on correctly detecting and classifying relevant surface defects. The analysis of fundamental grinding experiments on testing sheets points out the way to process automation.
Störgrößenkompensation für Vorschubantriebe/Disturbance compensation for feed drives
Authors: Brenner Felix , Lechler Armin , Verl Alexander
Published: March 2021

Zahnstange-Ritzel-Antriebe werden überwiegend bei großen Werkzeugmaschinen eingesetzt und häufig mit indirekter Lageregelung betrieben. Hieraus resultiert eine geringe Positioniergenauigkeit und ein unzureichendes dynamisches Nachgiebigkeitsverhalten. Um den hohen Genauigkeitsanforderungen moderner Werkzeugmaschinen gerecht zu werden, wird in diesem Beitrag eine beschleunigungsbasierte Störgrößenkompensation vorgestellt. Experimentelle Ergebnisse belegen eine Verbesserung des Störverhaltens.

 

Rack-and-pinion drives are mainly used in large machine tools and controlled by indirect position control. This leads to low positioning accuracy as well as an insufficient dynamic compliance. To meet the high accuracy requirements of modern machine tools, this paper presents an acceleration-based disturbance compensation. Experimental results prove a considerable improvement of the disturbance behavior.
“Catering In Uzbekistan From The History Of The System”
Authors:   Doctor Of Philosophy In History, Associate Professor Jizzakh Branch Of The National University Of Uzbekistan Named After Mirzo Ulugbek, Jizzakh, Uzbekistan, Nasirov Bunyod
Published: March 2021

The article describes the activities of the public catering system during the years of Soviet rule the policy pursued in this regard, logistics, problems and needs of the population in this regard. During the years of Soviet rule, new directions of the public catering system were formed. The management and supply system has changed. A number of reforms in the system have played an important role in over the years in the quality, cost and conditions for catering services in large industrial enterprises and educational institutions. The measures taken in the 60s and 70s of the twentieth century to develop the public catering system and the lack of attention to the solution of existing problems in the scope of work did not meet the growing demands of the population on the system at that time.
REVIEWING POVERTY IN INDONESIA: KARL MARX'S VIEW OF RELIGION IS AN OPIUM
Authors: Lela Saputri Pungky , Gunaryo Achmad
Published: March 2021

This study aims to review poverty through Karl Marx's view of religion as an opium. The method used in this research is qualitative with library studies approach. The current globalization and the order of capitalism occurred in Indonesia, certainly enriching the strong and impoverishing the weak. The role of religion in Indonesia in dealing with poverty is not much different from the reality faced by Karl Marx. Karl Marx thought of religion as an impediment to social change. This thought is reflected in his own assertion that religion is the opium of society. In Indonesia, religion only directs people to accept poverty and entertain them by inviting them to preach to the afterlife.
Metodologias andragógicas: um relato de experiência do PIBID na Educação de Jovens e Adultos
Authors: Silva Milena Souza da , Santos Flávia Rosa dos , Coswosk Édila Dalmaso
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar a experiência do desenvolvimento das metodologias andragógicas aplicadas na modalidade da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) por licenciandas em Ciências Biológicas/bolsistas do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) da Universidade Estadual da Bahia-Campus X.  A proposta Curricular da EJA objetiva a equidade no acesso à educação e as metodologias andragógicas, têm como fundamento a compreensão do aluno como adulto e suas especificidades em relação a aprendizagem e aquisição de novos conhecimentos de seu interesse. As vivências no espaço escolar se constituem num laboratório de ensino, sendo necessário articular conteúdos das ciências da natureza com os pedagógicos estudados durante o curso, além de lidar com as dificuldades de relacionamento interpessoal. Nessa experiência, um conflito adicional foi que as especificidades da EJA não são discutidas nos componentes pedagógicos da licenciatura cursada.

Palavras-chaves: Andragogia. PIBID. EJA. Metodologias. Ensino de ciências.

Palavras-chaves: Andragogia. PIBID. EJA. Metodologias. Ensino de Ciências.
Minimize Risks of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Wimalawansa SJ
Published: March 2021

The first wave of COVID-19 spread across the globe, rapidly during the first half of the year 2020 [1]. Since August 2020, the second wave of COVID-19 has been rampaging across most countries. A third wave may likely occur during the late spring of 2021. These in part coincided with the annual winter flu season in countries located in northern and later, the southern latitudes, during their respective winter periods.
PERILAKU MENGONSUMSI MAKANAN BERGIZI SELAMA PANDEMIC COVID-19 PADA MASYARAKAT SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Lisnawaty Lisnawaty , Ocktaviani Reski Eka Sakti , Meliahsari Renni , Aldian Aldian , Haerati Nur
Published: March 2021

AbstrakWabah corona virus (Covid-19) merupakan masalah yang terjadi hampir di semua belahan dunia, yang terjadi diakhir tahun 2019 dan sampai saat ini angka kejadiannya masih cukup tinggi termasuk di Indonesia. Dalammencegah penularan Covid-19, WHO dan Kementerian Kesehatan menghimbau masyarakat untuk menggunakanmasker, rajin mencuci tangan, menjaga jarak serta mengonsumsi makanan sehat dan bergizi. Gizi yang cukupsangat diperlukan dalam mempertahankan sistem kekebalan tubuh. Memilih asupan makanan bergizi seimbangpada masa pandemic Covid-19 sekarang ini salah satu cara agar daya tahan tubuh tetap prima. Dampak dariCovid-19 juga mempengaruhi psikologi seseorang dalam pemilihan makanan dan perubahan pola makan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perilaku konsumsi makanan pada masyarakat Kabupaten Munaselama pandemic Covid-19, dengan menggunakan rancangan cross sectional study. Sampel dalam penelitian iniadalah semua responden yang mengisi lembar kuesioner secara online yakni sebanyak 701 orang responden.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa pengetahuan (pvalue = 0,673) tidak mempunyai hubunganterhadap perilaku konsumsi. Sikap (Pvalue = 0,000) dan tindakan (pvalue = 0,000) mempunyai hubungan terhadapperilaku konsumsi. Kemudian dilanjutkan uji regresi linear sederhana, didapatkan nilai nilai R Square (R2) = 0,215, artinya bahwa sikap dan tindakan memiliki pengaruh sebesar 21,5% terhadap perilaku konsumsi makananresponden selama pandemic Covid-19 sedangkan 78,5% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain. Dari hasil penelitianmaka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan dan sikap tidak berhubungan terhadap perilaku konsumsimakanan bergizi, sedangkan tindakan mempunyai hubungan signifikan dan pengaruh terhadap konsumsimakanan bergizi masyarakat Kabupaten Muna selama Covid-19.Kata kunci: Covid-19; perilaku; makan bergizi
Integral characteristics of optical spectra, as a new class of descriptors for complex molecular systems
Authors:   Institute of Physics and Technology of Bashkir State University, Dolomatov Mikhail Yu. , Latypov Kamil F. ,   Institute of Physics and Technology of Bashkir State University, Dolomatova Milana M. ,   Institute of Physics and Technology of Bashkir State University, Paymurzina Natalia Kh. ,   Institute of Physics and Technology of Bashkir State University, Kovaleva Ella A. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Yarmuhametova Gulnara U. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
Published: March 2021

The authors summarized the results on the study of the relationship of physicochemical properties with spectral integral characteristics of complex molecular systems: integral absorption, reflection coefficients, integral oscillator forces, color characteristics, integral autocorrelation functions, signal convolutions defined in the visible or UV spectral regions. It is shown that these integral characteristics are numerical parameters that adequately convey the physicochemical and electronic properties of molecules and their mixtures, so these values can be used as descriptors. Since electronic spectra are unique characteristics of a substance, these descriptors have a high discriminating ability. The classification of such descriptors is given. These values differ from physicochemical descriptors such as absorption maxima, since their determination requires information on the spectrum of these systems without isolating individual bands and maxima using the Fourier transform. In contrast to conventional physicochemical and quantum mechanical descriptors, the proposed descriptors can be applied to the study of multicomponent systems with unknown structure and composition. This makes it possible to use these values to determine the physicochemical properties and averaged over the composition of the electronic characteristics of a substance, such as petroleum distillates, petroleum, biological fluids, and similar mixtures. The paper provides relevant examples, confirmed by statistical data processing. The obtained patterns should be defined as the patterns "spectrum-property" by analogy with the patterns "structure-property", known in organic chemistry and chemical informatics. The consistency of the developed approach is shown, and a quantum-chemical interpretation of these laws is given. Based on the established spectrum-property dependencies, analytical methods can be developed for determining the amount of complex hydrocarbon systems, such as oil and their products, gas condensates, products of high-temperature pyrolysis of organic substances, etc. The established patterns can be applied to determine the ionization potentials and electron affinity of molecules, as well as in medical diagnostics, oil refining, petrochemistry, oil field development technology, and other fields of science and nanotechnology.
Chemical bath synthesis of metal chalcogenide films. Part 39. Chemical bath deposition of ZnS films by thioacetamide
Authors:   Ural State Fire Service Institute of Emergency Ministry of Russia, Maskaeva Larisa N. , Kutyavina Anastasia D. ,   Ural Federal University Named After the First  President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Zhdanova Anna I. ,   Ural Federal University Named After the First  President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Gagarin Roman A. ,   Ural Federal University Named after the First  President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Vinogradova Tatiana V. ,   Ural Federal University Named after the First  President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Markov Vyacheslav F. ,   Ural Federal University Named after the First  President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
Published: March 2021

ZnS thin films are promising as a buffer layer in solar cells, which can be basis of photovoltaic cells, photoelectric sensors, and light-emitting diodes. For the preparation of thin ZnS films by chemical bath deposition, thioacetamide or thiourea is used as a chalcogenization agent, and ammonia, triethanolamine and sodium citrate are mainly used as ligands, carrying out the process in an alkaline medium. In the present work, in order to predict the conditions of hydrochemical deposition of ZnS films, we have analyzed ionic equilibria in two reaction systems “ZnCl2 – NH4OH – CH3CNH2” and “ZnCl2 – CH3CSNH2 – KHC8H4O4” that differ in acidity of the medium. An analysis of ionic equilibrium showed that in the first bath ~80% of the metal is in the form of a neutral hydroxo complex Zn(OH)2 at pH > 7, and in the second more than 98% of zinc is present as acetate complexes Zn(CH3COO)+ and Zn(CH3COO)2 in the range of pH from 0 to 7. The thermodynamic evaluation of the boundary conditions for the formation of zinc sulfide made it possible to conclude that a zinc sulfide film can be formed in both systems without the admixture of Zn(OH)2 hydroxide. ZnS films were obtained by hydrochemical deposition with thick about 100 nm from both systems. Using local energy-dispersive elemental analysis, it was found that the average ratio between the main elements of Zn and S in the layers obtained in an alkaline medium is 49.48 and 50.52 at.%, and in the synthesized from acidic solutions – 50.35 and 49.65 at.%. According to the data of electron microscopy, up to 85% of the agglomerates have an average size of 200-450 nm that formed from ZnS particles growing in an alkaline reaction bath. At the same time, there are aggregates whose dimensions reach 700 nm. The layers that deposited from relatively acidic solutions are distinguished by a higher degree of dispersion. Here up to ~90% of the film-forming particles is in the nanoscale range from 50 to 90 nm.
The connection of inertia rotary moment with the chromatographic retention time in alkanes series. New retention indices.
Authors:   D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Borisevich Igor S. , Vinogradova Anastasia K. ,   D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Ofitserov Eugeny N. ,   D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Pojidaev Viktor M. ,   National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute»
Published: March 2021

Earlier it was shown that cause of physicochemical properties oscillation and splitting into even and odd groups in the organic compounds homologous series is the rotational motion energy, determined by the molecule structure. In turn, the organic compound structure can be numerically described or expressed in terms of rotational motion inertia moment. It was logical to assume the correlation between the retention time and rotational motion inertia moment. In order to establish the connection of molecule rotational inertia moment with the chromatographic retention time, a mixture of normal structure alkanes (C6-C17) was experimentally analyzed and corresponding graphs were constructed confirming the assumptions made. A new chromatographic index IJ was proposed, which has advantages over the Kovats index (IK).
Synthesis of monomers for the preparation of optically active poly(amido–imide)s. Part 1. Synthesis of chiral imides containing a fragment of the natural amino acid based on nitrophenylcycloalkanedicarboxylic acids
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Technical University, Koverda Anna A. , Korshunova Alexandra I. ,   Yaroslavl State Technical University, Koverda Mikhail N. ,   Yaroslavl State Institute of Raw Materials and Food Quality, Sechin Evgeny N. ,   Yaroslavl State Institute of Raw Materials and Food Quality
Published: March 2021

Previously it was shown that the stereochemical result of the alkylation reaction of benzene with cycloalkanedicarboxylic acids depends on the order of mixing the reagents. The resulting diastereomerically pure derivatives can be used as precursors of monomers for the synthesis of optically active poly(amido–imide)s, which are basic materials in chiral chromatographic separation. Their potential for use in chiral catalytic systems, liquid crystals in ferroelectric and nonlinear optics, in the manufacture of electrodes for enantioselective recognition during bioelectrosynthesis, membrane separation technology, etc. is shown. Nitration reactions of alkyl derivatives were carried out with their subsequent imidization with natural amino acids. The resulting diastereomerically pure dicarboxylic acids are nitrated with low selectivity, unlike their anhydrides, so the nitro derivatives were synthesized by nitrating the anhydrides with anhydrous nitric acid in chloroform solution. The racemization of the α-carbon center of the amino acid fragment occurs during the imidization reaction in glacial acetic acid. Using of DMF as a solvent under mild conditions is preferable, as it eliminates the possibility of racemization of the chiral center of the amino acid fragment. It was also found that during the preparation of imides, the configuration of the chiral centers of the cycloalkane dicarboxylic acid fragment is preserved. Nitrophenylnorbornanedicarboxylic acid forms an anhydride directly during synthesis in acetic acid, unlike cyclohexanedicarboxylic acids, due to its spatial structure. Nitrophenylnorbornanedicarboxylic acid is also characterized by easier imidization. The structure was determined using 1H, 13C NMR, 1H-1H NOESY, 1H-1H COSY, HPLC, capillary electrophoresis.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of new phosphorus-containing pyridine derivatives
Authors:   A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Volkov Pavel A. , Ivanova Nina I. ,   A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Telezhkin Anton A. ,   A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Khrapova Ksenia O. ,   A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Belovezhets Lyudmila A. ,   A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Gusarova Nina K. ,   A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Apartsin Konstantin A. ,   Irkutsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kireeva Viktoriya V. ,   Irkutsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

The directed synthesis of new pharmacophoric molecules is one of the urgent tasks of organic chemistry. A special place in this area is occupied by vital nitrogen-containing heterocycles and their derivatives, on the basis of which new promising precursors of drugs are created. For example, pyridinium salts are part of such well-known drugs as pyridoxine, mexidol and metadoxine. Phosphorus-containing pyridine derivatives, among which compounds with cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties have been identified, are also being actively studied now. Thus, the development of convenient approaches for obtaining new functional phosphorus-containing pyridine derivatives is an important and timely task. Special attention is paid to synthetic methods that correspond to the PASE (pot, atom and step economy) paradigm. Using this approach, we have synthesized hydrochlorides and tosylates of 4-bis(2-phenylethyl)chalcogenophosphoryl-pyridine, not described previously, by practically quantitative interaction of the available 4-bis(2-phenylethyl)chalcogenophosphorylpyridines with hydrochloric or 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acids at room temperature or slight heating (40-45 °C). The reaction proceeds regioselectively on the nitrogen atom of the base pyridine. The second reaction center in the 4-bis(2-phenylethyl)chalcogenophosphorylpyridine molecule, chalcogenophosphoryl group, does not participate in the studied process, even when using an excess of hydrochloric acid. The starting 4-bis(2-phenylethyl)chalcogenophosphorylpyridines are easily obtained on the basis of the original reaction of pyridine with secondary phosphine chalcogenides with the assistance of electron-deficient acetylenes. Using the example of microorganisms of different taxonomic groups: Bacillus subtilis B-406, Enterococcus durans B-603, Penicillium citreo-viride F-1777, Escherichia coli B-1238, we have found that the target hydrochlorides and tosylates of 4-bis(2-phenylethyl)chalcogenophosphorylpyridine exhibit pronounced antimicrobial activity against non-spore gram-positive microorganisms.
Determination of heavy metal ions in extracts of the prickly root of eleutherococcus
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, Ibragimova Alsu S. , Krynitskaya Alla Yu ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, Petukhova Elena V. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, Sukhanov Pavel P. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University
Published: March 2021

The content of cadmium, mercury, zinc and cuprum ions in extracts of Eleutherococcus prickly root powder was determined by stripping voltammetry. The content of Zn2+ cations in the aqueous extracts of the plant adaptogen was below the detection limit for the analysis method used. The concentration of ions Cd2+, Pb2+ in aqueous extracts it was less than 0.0002 mg/kg. The amount of cuprum ions did not exceed 2.6 mg/kg. Consequently, the concentrations of heavy metal cations are below the MPC level (maximum permissible concentration), which allows us to speak about the toxicological safety of the plant material studied. Increasing the maceration temperature from 23 to 40 °C reduces the efficiency of the process. The possible causes of this phenomenon are discussed. The source of raw materials does not have a significant effect on the content of pollutants. For the extraction of plant materials, along with distilled water, tap water can be used, which in its performance meets the standards for the content of heavy metal ions in all areas of the city of Kazan. The maximum value of the total pollution indicator is 4.5 mg/l. It was found in tap water selected in the Vakhitovsky district of the city of Kazan. However the maximum lead content is characteristic of the water selected in the Soviet district of the city. Distillation of water is expected to reduce pollution by pollutants. However complete purification from heavy metal ions does not occur. The most intense distillation is the purification of water from cuprum ions. The minimum amount of pollutants is found in ethanolic extracts of Eleutherococcus root powder. It is obvious that ethanol, as an extractant of heavy metal cations, is less preferable than water.
Study of the effect of temperature on the electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions of amino acids
Authors:   I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Petrukhina Vera A. , Fedorov Pavel I. ,   I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Kirillova Tatiana A. ,   I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Tcareva Ludmila Yu. ,   I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Andreeva Ekterina V. ,   I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Koltsov Nikolay I. ,   I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University
Published: March 2021

It is well-known fact that water is a universal solvent due to its physicochemical properties and dielectric constant. Therefore, the majority of substances with a crystalline structure and the structure close to it are well soluble in water due to the dissociation of molecules into ions. Amino acids are organic ampholytes – substances capable of being in ionic forms in water. The quantitative and qualitative composition of ampholytes depends on the structure and composition of amino acids and pH of solution. The interaction of amino acid ions in solution with hydrogen ions and hydroxyl leads to the formation of complex cations and anions. The presence of amino and carboxyl groups in amino acid molecules contributes to the formation of inter-ion positively and negatively charged complexes which leads to the decrease in their mobility and electrical conductivity of solutions. It is observed with increasing concentration of amino acid solutions. The conductivity of amino acid solutions is also influenced by temperature which has a non-linear relationship. We have proposed the approach based on studying the effect of temperature on the equivalent electrical conductivity at infinite dilution λ∞ and describing the experimental data λ∞(Т) by the exponential Arrhenius equation. This article studies the possibility of describing the experimental data λ∞(Т) for aqueous solutions of a number of amino acids by this equation. It is shown that the Arrhenius equation with the found activation energy values adequately describes the dependences of limiting equivalent conductivity on temperature for aqueous solutions of valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, L-aspartic and D-aspartic acids, histidine, arginine.
The influence of functional ingredients on the technological properties of water-oil-swelling rubber sealing elements
Authors:   .N. Ulyanov Chuvash  State University, Egorov Evgeny N. , Ushmarin Nikolay F. ,   .N. Ulyanov Chuvash  State University, Sandalov Sergey I. ,   .N. Ulyanov Chuvash  State University, Spiridonov Ivan S. ,   .N. Ulyanov Chuvash  State University, Koltsov Nikolay I. ,   .N. Ulyanov Chuvash  State University
Published: March 2021

The article examines the influence of the nature and content of caoutchoucs, sevilen, vulcanizing group, fillers, plasticizers, directional ingredients on the technological properties (plasticity, annular modulus, density, start time of vulcanization, stickiness) of two rubber compounds. The study was conducted in order to select the basis of rubber mixtures for the manufacture of the outer and inner layers of water-oil-swellable sealing elements (SWOE) for the oil and gas extraction industry. It was established that the rubber mixture for the outer layer of SWOE on the basis of butadiene-nitrile BNKS-18AMN, isoprene SKI-3 and butadiene SKD caoutchoucs, and also the rubber mixture for the inner layer of SWOE on the basis of butadiene-nitrile BNKS-18AMH, butadiene-methyl styrene SKMS-30ARK and butadiene SKD caoutchoucs have satisfactory technological properties. It was shown that these rubber mixtures containing sevilen 11808-340, a vulcanizing group (sulfur + thiazole 2 MBS + guanid F), a combination of fillers (carbon black P 514 + grew 175 + talc + Karelit MK), petroleum resin "Sibplast", directional ingredients (vermiculite + needle punched cloth “Oxypan”), sorption additives (polyacrylamide AK 639 + sodium polyacrylate + perlite + reagent “Kometa-R” + modified silica gel), are characterized by improved technological properties. These rubber compounds can be recommended as the basis for the manufacture of the outer and inner layers of water-oil-swelling sealing elements.
Pengaruh Sertifikasi dan Kinerja Guru terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa
Authors: Meiliyani Rina , Fitria Happy , Puspita Yenny
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh sertifikasi dan kinerja guru terhadap prestasi belajar siswa di SMA Kecamatan Lais Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 26 guru yang bersertifikat. Teknik pengumpulan data: 1) angket; 2) dokumentasi. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan aplikasi software SPSS For Windows Version 21. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: 1) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan sertifikasi terhadap prestasi belajar siswa di SMA Kecamatan Lais Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin; 2) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan kinerja guru terhadap prestasi belajar siswa di SMA Kecamatan Lais Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin; 3) Ada pengaruh yang signifikan sertifikasi dan kinerja guru secara bersama-sama terhadap prestasi belajar siswa di SMA Kecamatan Lais Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin
Tindak Tutur dalam Acara Debat Calon Presiden Republik Indonesia 2019
Authors: Yanto Haryadi , Wardarita Ratu , Ardiansyah Arif
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tindak tutur asertif, direktif, komisif, ekspresif, deklaratif dan manakah tindak tutur yang dominan yang digunakan oleh calon Presiden Republik Indonesia dalam Acara Debat Calon Presiden Republik Indonesia 2019 Ir. H. Joko Widodo dan H. Prabowo Subianto. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Sumber datanya adalah Acara Debat Calon Presiden Republik Indonesia 2019 Ir. H. Joko Widodo dan H. Prabowo Subianto, 17 Februari 2019. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan rekaman video dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) tindak tutur asertif dalam Acara Debat Calon Presiden Republik Indonesia 2019 Ir. H. Joko Widodo dan H. Prabowo Subianto ditemui pada kata-kata: membahas, dikatakan, mengatakan, berkaitan, bermanfaat, dilakukan, lompatan besar, mengurangi; (2) tindak tutur direktif pada kata-kata tidak bisa, saya kira, terima kasih, coba kita lihat sekarang, kita bisa manfaatkan; (3) tindak tutur komisif pada kalimat: kita harus sungguh–sungguh membangun suatu kemandirian, nanti insya Allah dapat mandat dari rakyat kami akan menjamin pangan tersedia; (4) tindak tutur ekspresif pada kata-kata: majelis yang terhormat, bisa memenuhi pangan untuk rakyatnya, energi untuk rakyatnya; (5) tindak tutur deklaratif pada kata-kata: 2017 telah kita bagikan 5 juta sertifikat kepada rakyat dibawah; dan (6) jenis tindak tutur yang dominan digunakan adalah tindak tutur asertif
The Carina Nebula and Gum 31 Molecular Complex. III. The Distribution of the 1–3 GHz Radio Continuum across the Whole Nebula
Authors: Rebolledo David , Green Anne J. , Burton Michael G. , Breen Shari L. , Garay Guido
Published: March 2021

We report the most detailed 1–3 GHz radio continuum emission map of the nearest region of massive-star formation, the Carina Nebula. As part of a large program with the Australia Telescope Compact Array, we have covered ∼12 deg2, achieving an angular resolution of ∼16″, representing the largest and most complete map of the radio continuum to date. Our continuum map shows a spectacular and complex distribution of emission across the nebula, with multiple structures such as filaments, shells, and fronts across a wide range of size scales. The ionization fronts have advanced far into the southern and northern region of the Galactic plane, as fronts are clearly detected at distances of ∼80 pc from the stellar clusters in the center. We estimated an ionization photon luminosity Q
H = (7. 8 ± 0.8) × 1050 s−1, which corresponds to ∼85% of the total value obtained from stellar population studies. Thus, approximately 15% of the ionizing flux has escaped from the nebula into the diffuse Galactic interstellar medium. Comparison between radio continuum and the hydrogen atomic and molecular gas maps offers a clear view of the bipolar outflow driven by the energy released by the massive stellar clusters that also affects the fraction of molecular gas across the nebula. Comparison between 8 μm and 70 μm emission maps and the radio continuum reveals how the hot gas permeates through the molecular cloud; shapes the material into features such as pillars, small shells, and arc-like structures; and ultimately escapes.
Nonequilibrium Flux Rope Formation by Confined Flares Preceding a Solar Coronal Mass Ejection
Authors: Kliem Bernhard , Lee Jeongwoo , Liu Rui , White Stephen M. , Liu Chang , Masuda Satoshi
Published: March 2021

We present evidence that a magnetic flux rope was formed before a coronal mass ejection (CME) and its associated long-duration flare during a pair of preceding confined eruptions and associated impulsive flares in a compound event in NOAA Active Region 12371. Extreme-ultraviolet images and the extrapolated nonlinear force-free field show that the first two (impulsive) flares, SOL2015-06-21T01:42, result from the confined eruption of highly sheared low-lying flux, presumably a seed flux rope. The eruption spawns a vertical current sheet, where magnetic reconnection creates flare ribbons and loops, a nonthermal microwave source, and a sigmoidal hot channel that can only be interpreted as a magnetic flux rope. Until the subsequent long-duration flare, SOL2015-06-21T02:36, the sigmoid’s elbows expand, while its center remains stationary, suggesting nonequilibrium but not yet instability. The “flare reconnection” during the confined eruptions acts like “tether-cutting reconnection” whose flux feeding of the rope leads to instability. The subsequent full eruption is seen as an accelerated rise of the entire hot channel, seamlessly evolving into the fast halo CME. Both the confined and ejective eruptions are consistent with the onset of the torus instability in the dipped decay index profile that results from the region’s two-scale magnetic structure. We suggest that the formation or enhancement of a nonequilibrium but stable flux rope by confined eruptions is a generic process occurring prior to many CMEs.