bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conversions inuit
Authors: Laugrand Frédéric
Published: December 2016

L’auteur interroge la notion de « transformation spirituelle » telle qu’elle est mobilisée aujourd’hui en milieu inuit par des groupes évangéliques comme le Canada Awakening Ministries (CAM). Bien implanté chez les Inuit du Nunavik et du Nunavut, ce dernier a noué d’étroites relations avec des pasteurs en provenance des îles Fidji. Ses adeptes organisent de nombreux exorcismes et des rituels de guérison de la terre. L’auteur émet l’hypothèse selon laquelle les Inuit en reconnaissent l’idiome tout en disposant de traditions certes fort différentes mais confrontées de nos jours à de multiples défis : d’un côté, l’aiguillon écologique et de l’autre, l’exploitation des ressources nordiques et le discours du réchauffement climatique.
Vivre plus loin
Authors: Martin Nastassja
Published: December 2016

Cet article est le récit d’une rencontre entre un ours et une anthropologue au Kamtchatka. L’auteur revient sur cette expérience et sur les rêves qui ont précédé l’événement lorsqu’elle se trouvait sur son terrain chez les Even de la région d’Icha au Kamtchatka. En opérant un va-et-vient entre son premier terrain chez les Gwich’in d’Alaska et le présent terrain au Kamtchatka, elle pose la question de la distance critique de l’anthropologue et des relations énigmatiques qui la lient à ceux dont elle partage les existences.
A relação entre a realidade social e as representações régias
Authors: Rubim Sandra Regina Franchi , Oliveira Terezinha
Published: December 2016

Neste texto refletiremos sobre a importância da imagem como possibilidade de construção mental e social. Investigaremos o discurso laico em representações imagéticas dos monarcas franceses Francisco I (1494-1547) e Henrique II (1519-1559). Nesse período, a sociedade passava por mudanças sociais entre o Medievo e a Modernidade, implicando a construção da ideia de Estado, como organizador social. Entendemos que as imagens além de revelar as relações sociais, eram também, um veículo formador. Acreditamos, assim, na relevância da realização de pesquisas na História, na Educação e na Arte, nos oportunizando a compreensão da formação do sujeito social.
Em defesa da tradição: Luiz de França, mestre do maracatu-nação Leão Coroado, nas memórias de maracatuzeiros e maracatuzeiras
Authors: Lima Ivaldo Marciano de França
Published: December 2016

O artigo propõe abordar a construção da imagem de Isabel, a Católica (1474-1504) aproximando Luiz de França foi um dos mais significativos mestres de maracatu nação. Dirigiu e articulou o maracatu Nação Leão Coroado, entre os anos de 1950 até sua morte, em 1997. Ainda hoje a sua memória é reivindicada por grupos de maracatus existentes no Recife. Tal questão indica diferentes aspectos nos processos de construção das memórias, e da forma como estas são usadas no presente. Este artigo objetiva discutir e analisar as performances de Luiz de França, bem como suas estratégias cotidianas a partir das memórias dos maracatuzeiros pernambucanos. Entendendo a memória como fruto dos processos históricos, também é objetivo deste trabalho analisar as diferentes formas como a memória é construída, trazendo à tona questões de ordem teórico-epistemológica a respeito da cultura negra, dos maracatus e dos maracatuzeiros recifenses.
Adeus, Geronimo (ou notícias de uma história global do tempo presente)
Authors: Silva Daniel Afonso da
Published: December 2016

“Geronimo” foi o codinome atribuído a Osama Bin Laden pelas forças especiais americanas. Muito antes dos ataques de 11 de setembro de 2001, “Geronimo” já vinha sendo procurado mundo afora. O após 11 de setembro, a procura foi apenas intensificada. Com a chegada de Barack Obama, foram implantadas diversas estratégias – como ampliação das forças especiais e utilização ostensiva de drones – para efetivamente neutralizar “Geronimo” e seus seguidores. Em 2 de maio de 2011 “Geronimo” foi, enfim, eliminado. Logo em seguida, o presidente Obama começou a anunciar que a decade of war is ending. O núcleo das preocupações americanas não existia mais. Com isso, os Estados Unidos poderiam retornar majoritariamente os seus esforços a suas questões tradicionais e a seus problemas fundamentais, como a crise financeira. Em seu mais importante discurso nesse início de segundo mandato, proferido em maio de 2013, na National Defense University, o presidente Obama apresentou a estratégia americana para superar esses problemas e reabilitar seu lugar de protagonista incontornável do sistema internacional. O presente artigo analisa os significados dessa estratégia e algumas de suas possíveis consequências.
Disputas pela memória e a história na América Latina: os casos guatemalteco, salvadorenho e chileno
Authors: Quinteros Marcela Cristina
Published: December 2016

Este texto analisa três artigos que tratam sobre os ‘usos políticos do passado’ em diferentes momentos das histórias nacionais de El Salvador, Guatemala e Chile. O exame desses textos permite refletir sobre os caminhos escolhidos para a escrita das histórias nacionais durante os pós-guerras e como a hegemonia de uma interpretação histórica pode levar ao silêncio ou a deslocamentos de outras interpretações. Também é analisado o papel dos autores nessas disputas pela memória e história.
Schafick Jorge Handal e a “unidade” do FMLN de pós-guerra: entre a memória e a história. El Salvador, 1992-2015
Authors: Bernal Carlos Gregorio López
Published: December 2016

Este artigo examina o papel desempenhado por Schafick Jorge Handal no processo de conversão política do Frente Farabundo Martí para a Libertação Nacional (FMLN ), no período de pós-guerra. Aqui são analisados os principais debates vinculados à redefinição política e ideológica do FMLN, à liderança do partido e à democracia interna. Este processo foi marcado por fortes disputas entre as lideranças das antigas organizações político-militares que compunham a FMLN. Handal foi o principal protagonista dessas lutas, nas quais que ganhou poder e reconhecimento interno. No entanto, ele morreu subitamente em 2006, quando o processo de ‘unificação’ estava avançado, mas não consolidado. Porém, na memória oficial do partido, Handal tornou-se o principal referente identitario do FMLN de pós-guerra, apesar de que seu triunfo traduziu-se na saída de três das cinco organizações que integravam o FMLN.
Shedding New Light on the Process of “Licensing” for Pathogenicity by Th Lymphocytes
Authors: Tan Cuiyan , Wandu Wambui S. , Lee R. Steven , Hinshaw Samuel H. , Klinman Dennis M. , Wawrousek Eric , Gery Igal
Published: December 2016

Th cells sensitized against autoantigens acquire pathogenicity following two sequential events, namely activation by their target Ag and a process named “licensing.” In this study, we analyzed these processes in a transgenic mouse system in which TCR-transgenic Th cells specific to hen egg lysozyme (HEL) are adoptively transferred to recipients and induce inflammation in eyes expressing HEL. Our data show that the notion that the lung is the organ where “licensing” for pathogenicity takes place is based on biased data collected with cells injected i.v., a route in which most transferred cells enter via the lung. Thus, we found that when donor cells were activated in vitro and injected intraperitoneally, or were activated in vivo, they migrated simultaneously to the lung, spleen, and other tested organs. In all, tested organs donor cells undergo “licensing” for pathogenicity, consisting of vigorous increase in number and changes in expression levels of inflammation-related genes, monitored by both flow cytometry and microarray analysis. After reaching peak numbers, around day 3, the “licensed” donor cells migrate to the circulation and initiate inflammation in the HEL-expressing recipient eyes. Importantly, the kinetics of increase in number and of changes in gene expression by the donor cells were similar in lung, spleen, and other tested organs of the recipient mice. Furthermore, the total numbers of donor cells in the spleen at their peaks were 10- to 100-fold larger in the spleen than in the lung, contradicting the notion that the lung is the organ where “licensing” takes place.
SOS1, ARHGEF1, and DOCK2 rho-GEFs Mediate JAK-Dependent LFA-1 Activation by Chemokines
Authors: Toffali Lara , Montresor Alessio , Mirenda Michela , Scita Giorgio , Laudanna Carlo
Published: December 2016

JAK-dependent activation of the rho module of integrin affinity triggering mediates chemokine-induced leukocyte adhesion. However, the signaling events linking JAKs to rho small GTPase activation by chemokines is still incompletely described. In this study, we show that son of sevenless 1 (SOS1), rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)1 (ARHGEF1), and dedicator of cytokinesis (DOCK)2 GEFs mediate CXCL12-induced LFA-1 activation in human primary T lymphocytes. Downregulated expression of SOS1, ARHGEF1, and DOCK2 impairs LFA-1–mediated rapid T lymphocyte adhesion as well as underflow arrest on ICAM-1 induced by CXCL12. Moreover, LFA-1 affinity triggering by CXCL12 is impaired by SOS1, ARHGEF1, and DOCK2 downregulation. Notably, the three GEFs are all critically involved in chemokine-induced RhoA and Rac1 activation, thus suggesting the occurrence of a SOS1 specificity shift in the context of chemokine signaling. Accordingly, SOS1, ARHGEF1, and DOCK2 are tyrosine phosphorylated upon chemokine signaling with timing coherent with rapid LFA-1 affinity activation. Importantly, chemokine-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of these GEFs is fully mediated by JAK protein tyrosine kinases. Unexpectedly, and differently from VAV1, tyrosine phosphorylation of SOS1, ARHGEF1, and DOCK2 is completely inhibited by pertussis toxin pretreatment, thus suggesting different routes of rho-GEF triggering upon CXCR4 engagement. Taken together, these findings reveal a deeper level of complexity in the rho-signaling module, with at least four different rho-GEFs cooperating in the regulation of chemokine-induced integrin activation, possibly suggesting the emergence of stochastic concurrency in signaling mechanisms controlling leukocyte trafficking.
Cutting Edge: Adenosine A2a Receptor Signals Inhibit Germinal Center T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation during the Primary Response to Vaccination
Authors: Schmiel Shirdi E. , Yang Jessica A. , Jenkins Marc K. , Mueller Daniel L.
Published: December 2016

Adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR) signaling acts as a barrier to autoimmunity by promoting anergy, inducing regulatory T cells, and inhibiting effector T cells. However, in vivo effects of A2aR signaling on polyclonal CD4 T cells during a primary response to foreign Ag has yet to be determined. To address this problem, we immunized mice with peptide Ag 2W1S coupled to PE in CFA and treated with the selective A2aR agonist CGS-21680 (CGS). 2W1S:I-Ab-specific tetramer-binding CD4 T cells did not become anergic or differentiate into Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Additionally, CGS treatment did not inhibit Th1 or Th17 differentiation. However, CGS did abrogate germinal center T follicular helper cells, and blunted PE-specific germinal center B cell responses. The use of A2aR-deficient CD4 T cells established that this CGS effect was T cell intrinsic. Therefore, this study has identified a unique role for A2aRs in regulating CD4 T cell differentiation during vaccination.
Projection of North Atlantic Oscillation and its effect on tracer transport
Authors: Bacer Sara , Christoudias Theodoros , Pozzer Andrea
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) plays an important role in the climate variability of the Northern Hemisphere, with significant consequences on long-range pollutant transport. We investigate the evolution of pollutant transport in the 21st century influenced by the NAO under a global climate change scenario. We use a free-running simulation performed by the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model coupled with the ocean general circulation model MPIOM, covering the period from 1950 until 2100. Similarly to other works, the model shows a future northeastward shift of the NAO centres of action and a weak positive trend of the NAO index (over 150 years). Moreover, we find that NAO trends (computed over periods shorter than 30 years) will continue to oscillate between positive and negative values in the future. To investigate the NAO effects on transport we consider carbon monoxide tracers with exponential decay and constant interannual emissions. We find that at the end of the century, the south-western Mediterranean and northern Africa will, during positive NAO phases, see higher pollutant concentrations with respect to the past, while a wider part of northern Europe will, during positive NAO phases, see lower pollutant concentrations. Such results are confirmed by the changes observed in the future for tracer concentration and vertically integrated tracer transport, differentiating the cases of “high NAO” and “low NAO” events.
Radiometric flight results from the HyperSpectral Imager for Climate
Science (HySICS)
Authors: Kopp Greg , Smith Paul , Belting Chris , Drake Ginger , Espejo Joey , Heuerman Karl , Lanzi James , Stuchlik Dave
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Long-term monitoring of the Earth-reflected solar-spectrum is necessary for discerning and attributing changes in climate. High radiometric-accuracy enables such monitoring over decadal timescales with non-overlapping instruments, and high precision enables trend detection on shorter timescales. The Hyperspectral Imager for Climate Science (HySICS) is a visible and near-infrared spatial/spectral imaging-spectrometer intended to ultimately achieve ~ 0.2 % radiometric accuracies of Earth scenes from space, providing an order-of-magnitude improvement over existing space-based imagers. On-orbit calibrations from measurements of spectral solar irradiances acquired by direct views of the Sun enable radiometric calibrations with superior long-term stability than currently possible with any manmade spaceflight light-source or detector. Solar- and lunar-observations enable in-flight focal-plane-array flat-fielding and other instrument calibrations. The HySICS has demonstrated this solar cross-calibration technique for future spaceflight instrumentation via two high-altitude balloon flights. The second of these two flights acquired high radiometric-accuracy measurements of the ground, clouds, the Earth's limb, and the Moon. Those results and the details of the uncertainty analyses of those flight data are described.
Improving the spatial resolution of air-quality modelling at a European scale – development and evaluation of the Air Quality Re-gridder Model (AQR v1.1)
Authors: Theobald Mark R. , Simpson David , Vieno Massimo
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Currently, atmospheric chemistry and transport models (ACTMs) used to assess impacts of air quality, applied at a European scale, lack the spatial resolution necessary to simulate fine-scale spatial variability. This spatial variability is especially important for assessing the impacts to human health or ecosystems of short-lived pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) or ammonia (NH3). In order to simulate this spatial variability, the Air Quality Re-gridder (AQR) model has been developed to estimate the spatial distributions (at a spatial resolution of 1  ×  1 km2) of annual mean atmospheric concentrations within the grid squares of an ACTM (in this case with a spatial resolution of 50  ×  50 km2). This is done as a post-processing step by combining the coarse-resolution ACTM concentrations with high-spatial-resolution emission data and simple parameterisations of atmospheric dispersion. The AQR model was tested for two European sub-domains (the Netherlands and central Scotland) and evaluated using NO2 and NH3 concentration data from monitoring networks within each domain. A statistical comparison of the performance of the two models shows that AQR gives a substantial improvement on the predictions of the ACTM, reducing both mean model error (from 61 to 41 % for NO2 and from 42 to 27 % for NH3) and increasing the spatial correlation (r) with the measured concentrations (from 0.0 to 0.39 for NO2 and from 0.74 to 0.84 for NH3). This improvement was greatest for monitoring locations close to pollutant sources. Although the model ideally requires high-spatial-resolution emission data, which are not available for the whole of Europe, the use of a Europe-wide emission dataset with a lower spatial resolution also gave an improvement on the ACTM predictions for the two test domains. The AQR model provides an easy-to-use and robust method to estimate sub-grid variability that can potentially be extended to different timescales and pollutants.
Near-surface snow particle dynamics from particle tracking velocimetry and turbulence measurements during alpine blowing snow storms
Authors: Aksamit Nikolas O. , Pomeroy John W.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Many blowing snow conceptual and predictive models have been based on simplified two-phase flow dynamics derived from time-averaged observations of bulk flow conditions in blowing snow storms. Measurements from the first outdoor application of particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) of near-surface blowing snow yield new information on mechanisms for blowing snow initiation, entrainment, and rebound, whilst also confirming some findings from wind tunnel observations. Blowing snow particle movement is influenced by complex surface flow dynamics, including saltation development from creep that has not previously been measured for snow. Comparisons with 3-D atmospheric turbulence measurements show that blowing snow particle motion immediately above the snow surface responds strongly to high-frequency turbulent motions. Momentum exchange from wind to the dense near-surface particle-laden flow appears significant and makes an important contribution to blowing snow mass flux and saltation initiation dynamics. The more complete and accurate description of near-surface snow particle motions observable using PTV may prove useful for improving blowing snow model realism and accuracy.
The Lost Tycoon: Allan Dwan in the Works of F. Scott Fitzgerald
Authors: Kim Sharon
Published: December 2016

F. Scott Fitzgerald identified Allan Dwan's parties as a source for chapter 3 of The Great Gatsby, but who was Dwan and how did he influence Fitzgerald's work? An inventive and prolific director, Allan Dwan (1885–1981) was one of the most successful filmmakers of the silent era, combining the skills of an engineer, an artist, and a businessman. Fitzgerald met him in 1923, during a visit to the set of Dwan's movie The Glimpses of the Moon. That summer, he went to Dwan's parties, mingling with Gloria Swanson and the movie crowd, while Dwan accompanied the Fitzgeralds to the opening night of Fitzgerald's play, The Vegetable. By the end of 1924, however, the two parted ways. The reasons why are unclear. Nonetheless, Fitzgerald drew upon Dwan more frequently for his fiction than any other director, in part as the quintessence of all he found gorgeously wrong with Hollywood, in part as a secret double for himself. Dwan was Lois Moran's close friend at the time Fitzgerald met her, and Dwan left his imprint not only on The Great Gatsby but also on “Jacob's Ladder,” “Magnetism,” “Crazy Sunday,” Tender Is the Night, “Two Old Timers,” and possibly The Love of the Last Tycoon.
Tom's Investigation: The Development of the Surveillance Theme in the Composition ofThe Great Gatsby
Authors: Dewalt Robert
Published: December 2016

This article traces the composition history of The Great Gatsby from manuscript through galley proofs to the published novel, indicating how Fitzgerald intensified conflict between Gatsby and Tom by making Tom the investigator of a bootlegger rumored to have been a German spy during World War I. It shows the conflict to be a displaced reprise of American anti-German sentiment during the war, which provides a gloss on the billboard of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg and the tale of the brewer who built Gatsby's mansion. It cites Nick Carraway's rhetorical tendencies as evidence of the war's persistent effects and contrasts them with Fitzgerald's social criticism.
Gatsby's Green Light as a Traffic Signal: F. Scott Fitzgerald's Motive Force
Authors: Takeuchi Yasuhiro
Published: December 2016

F. Scott Fitzgerald's use of vehicles in The Great Gatsby constitutes more than just a symbolic motif: cars, trains, boats, and other means of transportation structure the plot, providing the narrative with motive force and mobility. Characters are brought together and torn apart through changes to the scenario, when vehicles actually start and stop. The characters' ephemeral relationships start with their riding in the same vehicle, and end—or are brought back to reality—when the vehicle comes to a halt. Within this structure, the novel's central motif, the “green light,” acts as a traffic signal, giving Gatsby the go-ahead to move onward to create the short-lived world founded upon his belief in mobility. Appropriately, the appearance of Gatsby's natural father following the final crash, a symbolic accident denoting the end of his dream, indicates what Gatsby had essentially tried to “move” all along: his unchangeable breeding and past. This article taps into the possibility of reevaluating time and breeding—the conventional themes in Fitzgerald's novel—from the perspective of literal vehicle mobility, which provides important structure to Nick's narrative.
Writing “naturally in sentences”: The Joys of Reading F. Scott Fitzgerald
Authors: Wagner-Martin Linda
Published: December 2016

The 6 July 2011 keynote address at the 11th International F. Scott Fitzgerald Conference in Lyon, France, this article explores F. Scott Fitzgerald's natural affinity for sentence writing. From This Side of Paradise through The Great Gatsby and on into lesser-known contributions to Esquire in the late 1930s, Fitzgerald demonstrated that he was first and foremost a stylist and that the sentence, as Gertrude Stein recognized, was his métier. His style changed over the course of his career, but the essential components of his sentence writing remained the same: he believed in symbolism and imagery and in evoking mood and feeling. In the end, the best place to appreciate his talent for conveying both ideas and sentiments in sentence structures may be his Notebooks, in which he drafted some of his best-known, apothegm-like lines, including “Show me a hero and I will write you a tragedy” and “There are no second acts in American lives.”
Mathematical Thinking and Learning Through Robotics Play for Children With Critical Illness: The Case of Amelia
Authors: Nickels Megan , Cullen Craig J.
Published: December 2016

A 14-year-old child with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia participated in 52 weeks of robotics task-based interviews. We present 3 of her tasks from Weeks 1, 20, and 46 along with an overview of the complete 52 weeks. We compare the data from the tasks to Brousseau's (1997) Theory of Didactical Situations of Mathematics to answer our research questions: Can robotics play support the devolution of a fundamental situation to an adidactic situation of mathematics for children who are critically ill? When children with critical illness engage in robotics play, what are the key features of the robotics phenomenon that support devolution to an adidactic situation? We found evidence of the robotics supporting the devolution of a fundamental situation to an adidactic situation of mathematics in each robotics task and evidence of 4 key features (thick authenticity, feedback enabling autonomy, connectivity, and competence) of robotics play that support this devolution.
Psychological Imprisonment or Intellectual Freedom? A Longitudinal Study of Contrasting School Mathematics Approaches and Their Impacton Adults' Lives
Authors: Boaler Jo , Selling Sarah Kate
Published: December 2016

In a previous study of 2 schools in England that taught mathematics very differently, the first author found that a project-based mathematics approach resulted in higher achievement, greater understanding, and more appreciation of mathematics than a traditional approach. In this follow-up study, the first author contacted and interviewed a group of adults 8 years after they had left the 2 schools to investigate their knowledge use in life. This showed that the young adults who had experienced the 2 mathematics teaching approaches developed profoundly different relationships with mathematics knowledge that contributed towards the shaping of different identities as learners and users of mathematics (Boaler & Greeno, 2000). The adults from the project-based school had also moved into significantly more professional jobs, despite living in one of the lowest income areas of the country. In this article, we consider the different opportunities that the 2 school approaches offered for longterm relationships with mathematics and different forms of mathematical expertise that are differentially useful in the 21st century (Hatano & Oura, 2003).
Book Review: Roots and Sprouts: Cultivating Research on Mathematical Problem Posing
Authors: Silver Edward A. , Yankson Kwame
Published: December 2016

The formulation of a problem is often more essential than its solution, which may be merely a matter of mathematical or experimental skill. To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new angle, requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science. (Einstein & Infeld, 1938, p. 95)
ОРГАНИЗОВАНИ НАСИЛНИЧКИ КРИМИНАЛИТЕТ
Authors: Шикман Миле
Published: December 2016

Организовани насилнички криминалитет представља врсту организованог криминалитета у коме доминира насиље, односно коју карактерише брутално и агресивно поступање учиниоца, при чему елеменат насиља има доминантан карактер. С друге стране, генералном анализом кривичних дјела организованог криминалитета може се уочити да нека од тих дјела управо карактерише висок степен насилности приликом њиховог извршавања. У питању је прије свега ‘’функционално насиље’’, којим се омогућава или олакшава остваривање циљева криминалне организације, али и вршење неких класичних кривичних дјела организованог криминалитета (плаћена ’’наручена’’ убиства, трговина дрогом, трговина људима, кријумчарење оружја, итд.). Дакле, насиље у организованом криминалитету може се појавити као вид криминалне дјелатности или као начин функционисања криминалне организације. У том контексту, вршење кривичних дјела организованог криминалитета на овај начин може да представља основни извор прихода криминалне организације (основна садржина дјелатности криминалне организације), док с друге стране насилничким криминалитетом криминалне организације могу да обезбјеђују додатне изворе прихода, али и да штите сопствену криминалну организацију, односно да се обрачунавају са супарничким криминалним организацијама или пак представницима закона (судије, тужиоци, полицајци, итд.). Као облици организованог насилничког криминалитета могу се посматрати: рекет, облици тешког убиства (тзв. плаћена, наручена, професионална убиства), принуда, отмица, зеленаштво, изнуда, уцјена и разбојништво, али и друго насиље којим се остварује притисак на органе правосуђа, полиције, на свједоке, итд. Насиље се најчешће огледа у грубој употреби силе, путем различитих начина и средстава. Једна од карактеристика насиља у вршењу кривичних дела организованог криминалитета јесте његова несразмјерност, ради остваривања одређеног циља. У сваком случају, насиље је врло честа карактеристика организованог криминалитета,било да се ради о насилном вршењу кривичних дјела или пак о насиљу као начину вршења утицаја на државне органе, појединце и друге субјекте социјалне контроле. У раду је дат кратак феноменолошки осврт на облике испољавања организованог насилничког криминалитета.
МЕТОДОЛОГИЈА ПРОЈЕКТОВАЊА ПРОГРАМА СТРУЧНОГ УСАВРШАВАЊА ПРОСВЕТНИХ РАДНИКА ИЗ ОБЛАСТИ БЕЗБЕДНОСТИ
Authors: Мијалковић Саша
Published: December 2016

Изражена динамичност научног знања и иновативностнаставног градива и методике извођења наставе у процесу едукације младих у основном и средњем образовању од образовних радника (учитеља, професора, педагога, психолога, директора и помоћника директора) захтева перманентно стручно усавршавање. С тим у вези, поред професионалне, наставно особље неретко има и законску обавезу стручног усавршавања, најчешће кроз учествовање у семинарима стручног усавршавања. То је одлична прилика за упознавање просветних радника са извесним садржајима из области безбедности. Тиме се постижу најмање двоструки ефекти: унапређује се безбедност у школама и безбедност младих, и оплемењују се наставни процес и квалитет знања који ученици стичу. Међутим, проблем је у томе што, осим високообразовних полицијских установа, мали број образовних институција може да понуди семинаре из области безбедности. С тим у вези, у раду је приказана методологија пројектовања програма стручног усавршавања просветних радника и анализарано је искуство реализовања „пионирског“ програма стручног усавршавања радника министартсва надлежног за просвету у Републици Србији под називом „Безбедност ученика у школским објектима“, који група наставника Криминалистичко-полицијске академије у Београду успшено реализује од школске 2009/2010. године.
ДРУШТВЕНА СТРУКТУРА И КРИМИНАЛИТЕТ – НАСИЉЕ
Authors: Амиџић Горан , Митровић Драган
Published: December 2016

Глобалне структуралне неједнакости за посљедицумогу имати масовно осјећање депресије, опши пораст несигурности и страха од губитка животних шанси и друштвене маргинализације. Најтежи облици криминалитета, попут организованог и насилничког,најзаступљенији су у друштвима са великим социјалним разликама, као и друштвима са високом стопом сиромаштва и незапослености. Неједнакост у приступу политичкој и свакој другој моћи, образовању, здравственој њези и правној заштити, карактеристични су облици структуралног насиља које је обично невидљиво и извире из саме друштвене структуре која предодређује положај људи сходно њиховим економским, етничким, полним, културолошким или политичким обиљежјима. Пораст сиромаштва, незапослености и аномије увећава компетитивност између људи, умањује солидарност, разара социјалну кохезију и нормативни систем. Стање друштвене дезорганизације карактерише не само распад неформалног система вриједности и облигација, већ и слабљење формалног система, што ствара услове за продуковање још веће дезорганизације која исходи све већим стопама криминалитета и укупног нивоа насиља у друштву. Због дуге традиције и релативне стабилности, структуралне неједнакости се манифестују и виде као ‘’нормалан’’ поредак ствари, рационализован моћнимкултуролошким дефиницијама које се трансмитују са генерације на генерацију, што им омогућава да вјечно опстају. Социјалне напетости и слабо друштвено регулисана социјална компетиција производе један посебан облик насиља који се зове структурално насиље. То је насиљекоје настаје као посљедица материјалне осујећености, друштвене инфериорности, осјећаја личне неадекватности појединаца, лоше социјалне промоције широких слојева и група становништва. Зато и није изненађење да се они чије су животне шансе истопљене, а то су великим дијелом млади, одлучују и на насиље и криминалитет као пут личног, али и (само)деструктивног испољавања.
ЖЕНЕ ЛИДЕРИ
Authors: Лојић Ранко , Шкрбић Желимир , Ђурић Ненад
Published: December 2016

Почетком 70-их година прошлог века започиње већазаинтересованост за тему полова и лидерства, чиме је направљен заокрет у размишљању да су жене инфериорне у односу на мушкарце када су у питању лидерске позиције. До тада су истраживачи били углавном незаинтересовани за научне претпоставке о једнакости полова у лидерству. Све већи број жена на лидерским позицијама и у науци подстакао је интерес научника за изучавање жена лидера. Данас све већи број жена може да послужи као пример изузетно ефективних лидера у многим областима. У чланку су појашњене разлике у стиловима лидерства између жена и мушкараца. Анализирана је баријера која жене спречава да се попну на елитне лидерске позиције и указано на стереотипе о половима који су веома распрострањени.
МАТЕРИЈАЛНИ АКТИ УПРАВЕ У ОБЛАСТИ УНУТРАШЊИХ ПОСЛОВА
Authors: Јокић Мирела , Ракић Невена
Published: December 2016

У овом раду ћемо покушати дати детаљнију анализуматеријалних радњи, односно материјалних аката управе, и то првенствено аката насталих у раду органа унутрашњих послова, који у оквиру својих дјелатности спроводе посебне управне поступке по захтјевима странака за издавање личних докумената или других исправа. Ту ћемо, прије свега, сагледати уопштенo све акте настале у раду органа управе, као и њихову разлику и сличност с материјалнимактима, с посебним освртом на лична документа или друге исправе као врсте материјалних аката које органи унутрашњих послова доносе у посебним управним поступцима по захтјевима грађана, уз нагласак на одређене њихове специфичности, како у односу на правне акте тако и у односу на материјалне акте управе које доносе органи управе у свом раду.
ЗНАЧАЈ РАДА ПОЛИЦИЈЕ У ЗАЈЕДНИЦИ СА АСПЕКТА ПРЕВАЗИЛАЖЕЊА ГОВОРА МРЖЊЕ
Authors: Ђукић Борислав , Пена Душко
Published: December 2016

Истраживање проблема говора мржње у контексту рада полиције у заједници има за циљ утврђивање значаја овог феномена са аспекта успјешности полиције у заједници, а реализоваће се стандардним методама прегледа литературе и анализе садржаја. Говор мржње као комплексна друштвена појава о којој се у посљедње вријеме говори у контексту многих догађаја и области живота, посебну пажњузаслужује са аспекта изворног тумачења овог појма који се везује за међунационалне релације и односе између различитих етничких група. У савременим условима овај појам се везује и за пол људи, политичка и друга увјерења, сексуалну оријентацију и слично. Када се говори о Босни и Херцеговини и Републици Српској као вишенационалним категоријама и када се има у виду недавна прошлост коју обиљежава грађански рат и насиље, јасно је колико говор мржње може имати посљедица са аспекта међунационалних односа и трпељивости односно нетрпељивости. Такође, јасно је колико има значаја било каква активност било ког сегмента друштва и институција система која иде у правцу превазилажења свега онога што потенцијално може произвести сукобе, па и најмањег интензитета. У том смислу, полиција као орган има законска овлаштења за репресивно дјеловање и санкционисање појава које се везују за говор мржње, али исто тако кроз концепт рада полиције у заједници и превентивно дјеловање, могуће је учинити додатни напор у превазилажењу овог проблема. На тај начин се узавреле тензије подгријаване говором мржње спуштају на разуман ниво, ниво толеранције и договарања, што је претпоставка коректних међунационалних односа који су у коријену мира, просперитета, разумијевања, толеранције и других вриједности савременог друштва. Може се закључити да говор мржње у вишенационалним заједницама има посебну тежину са аспекта успостављања повјерења у локалним заједницама, у чему значајну помоћ пружа концепт рада полиције у заједници.
УТВРЂИВАЊЕ ЧИЊЕНИЧНОГ СТАЊА КОД УВИЂАЈА САОБРАЋАЈНИХ НЕЗГОДА
Authors: Марић Младен , Саламадија Милан
Published: December 2016

Саобраћај, поред свих позитивних страна, одликују иштетне посљедице. Најзначајније и најизраженије штетне посљедице саобраћаја јесу саобраћајне незгоде, које мјерене бројем погинулих, повријеђених, или величином материјалне штете, превазилазе посљедице свих осталих дјела. Планирање и предузимање мјера на смањивању саобраћајних незгода јесте веома важна активност, али истотако и њихово документовање и доказивање је од великог значаја. Овдје се прије свега мисли на увиђај саобраћајних незгода који се одликује бројним специфичностима у односу на увиђаје других кривичних дјела, као и на утврђивање чињеничног стања код ових догађаја. Управо због одређених специфичности саобраћајних незгода, а у циљупревазилажења у пракси присутних проблема непотпуно или нетачно утврђеног чињеничног стања приликом вршења увиђаја саобраћајних незгода, дошло је до избора ове теме.
UTICAJ TEMPERATURE NA PIROLIZU OTPADNE PLASTIKE U REAKTORU SA FIKSNIM SLOJEM
Authors: Papuga Sasa , Gvero Petar , Vukic Ljiljana
Published: December 2016

Piroliza, kao jedna od tehnika hemijske reciklaže plastičnih materijala, danas izaziva sve veća intersovanja kao ekološki i ekonomski prihvaljiva opcija obrade otpadnih materijala. Istraživanja ovih procesa se provode pri različitim eksperimentalnim uslovima, u različitim vrstama reaktora i sa različitim sirovinama, što čini poređenje procesa i direktnu primjenu procesnih parametara dosta složenim. U ovom radu dati su rezultati istraživanja uticaja temperature, u intervalu od  450°C do 525°C, na prinos procesa pirolize smjese otpadne plastike u sastavu: polipropilen 40%, polietilen niske gustine 35% i polietilen visoke gustine 25%. Istraživanja su provedena u pilot reaktoru sa fiksnim slojem koji je razvijen za ovu namjenu. Rezultati provedenih istraživanja pokazuju da se pri temperaturi od 500°C  postiže potpuna konverzija sirovine u vremenu od 45 min, uz maksimalni prinos pirolitičkog ulja od 32,80%, prinos gasovitih produkata od 65,75% i čvrsti ostatak od 1,46%. Sa daljim porastom temperature raste prinos gasovitih produkata, na račun smanjenja prinosa pirolitičkog ulja. Dobijeno pirolitičko ulje ima visoku toplotnu moć (45,96 МЈ/kg), te u tom pogledu ima potencijal primjene kao alternativno gorivo.
Electrical control of superparamagnetism
Authors: Yamada Kihiro T. , Koyama Tomohiro , Kakizakai Haruka , Miwa Kazumoto , Ando Fuyuki , Ishibashi Mio , Kim Kab-Jin , Moriyama Takahiro , Ono Shimpei , Chiba Daichi , Ono Teruo
Published: December 2016

The electric field control of superparamagnetism is realized using a Cu/Ni system, in which the deposited Ni shows superparamagnetic behavior above the blocking temperature. An electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) with the Cu/Ni electrode and a nonmagnetic counter electrode is fabricated to examine the electric field effect on magnetism in the magnetic electrode. By changing the voltage applied to the EDLC, the blocking temperature of the system is clearly modulated.
A novel isoform of the human mitochondrial complex I subunit NDUFV3
Authors: Dibley Marris G. , Ryan Michael T. , Stroud David A.
Published: December 2016

Human mitochondrial complex I is the first enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Complex I is composed of 45 subunits, seven encoded by mitochondrial DNA, while the remainder are encoded by nuclear DNA. All nuclear‐encoded subunits are thought to be expressed as a single isoform. Here we reveal subunit NDUFV3 to be present in both the canonical 10 kDa and a novel 50 kDa isoform, generated through alternative splicing. Both isoforms assemble into complex I and their levels vary in different tissues. While the 50 kDa isoform appears to be dominant in HEK293T cells, we find either isoform alone is sufficient for assembly of mature complex I. NDUFV3 represents the first known complex I subunit present in two functional isoforms.
Identification of Sidt2 as a lysosomal cation‐conducting protein
Authors: Beck Andreas , Fecher‐Trost Claudia , Wolske Karin , Philipp Stephan E. , Flockerzi Veit , Wissenbach Ulrich
Published: December 2016

A screen to identify lysosomal‐expressed ion channels led to the discovery of the human Sidt2 protein. Sidt2 is expressed within lysosomal organelles but as a result of heterologous overexpression the protein is also detectable within the plasma membrane of human embryonic kidney cells. The overexpressed protein leads to cell depolarization upon sodium addition. Accordingly in whole‐cell patch clamp experiments a spontaneous noninactivating monovalent cation current can be detected in Sidt2‐overexpressing cells. Strong overexpression of Sidt2 in HEK293 cells is attended by a significant reduction/loss of detectable lysosomes, indicating that the overexpressed protein leads to lysosomal dysfunction, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Sidt2 is located on chromosome 11q23, a locus repeatedly found by chromosomal mapping of Alzheimer's disease‐related genes.
A mechanistic model (BCC‐PSSICO) to predict changes in the hydraulic properties for bio‐amended variably saturated soils
Authors: Carles Brangarí Albert , Sanchez‐Vila Xavier , Freixa Anna , M. Romaní Anna , Rubol Simonetta , Fernàndez‐Garcia Daniel
Published: December 2016

The accumulation of biofilms in porous media is likely to influence the overall hydraulic properties and, consequently, a sound understanding of the process is required for the proper design and management of many technological applications. In order to bring some light into this phenomenon we present a mechanistic model to study the variably saturated hydraulic properties of bio‐amended soils. Special emphasis is laid on the distribution of phases at pore‐scale and the mechanisms to retain and let water flow through, providing valuable insights into phenomena behind bioclogging. Our approach consists in modeling the porous media as an ensemble of capillary tubes, obtained from the biofilm‐free water retention curve. This methodology is extended by the incorporation of a biofilm composed of bacterial cells and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Moreover, such a microbial consortium displays a channeled geometry that shrinks/swells with suction. Analytical equations for the volumetric water content and the relative permeability can then be derived by assuming that biomass reshapes the pore space following specific geometrical patterns. The model is discussed by using data from laboratory studies and other approaches already existing in the literature. It can reproduce (i) displacements of the retention curve toward higher saturations and (ii) permeability reductions of distinct orders of magnitude. Our findings also illustrate how even very small amounts of biofilm may lead to significant changes in the hydraulic properties. We, therefore, state the importance of accounting for the hydraulic characteristics of biofilms and for a complex/more realistic geometry of colonies at the pore‐scale.
Avoidable impacts of ocean warming on marine primary production: Insights from the CESM ensembles
Authors: Krumhardt Kristen M. , Lovenduski Nicole S. , Long Matthew C. , Lindsay Keith
Published: December 2016

As anthropogenic emissions and warming continue to alter Earth's environment, it is essential to highlight future impacts that can be avoided through mitigation. Here we use two ensembles of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) run under the business‐as‐usual scenario, RCP 8.5, and the mitigation scenario, RCP 4.5, to identify avoidable impacts of anthropogenic warming on marine net primary production (NPP). We emphasize the use of ensembles so as to distinguish long‐term, anthropogenic trends in marine productivity from internal variability. Twentieth century globally integrated marine NPP is 55.7 ± 1 Pg C, with much of the variability attributable to certain regions (e.g., the equatorial Pacific). CESM projections indicate that global marine NPP will drop by ∼4% by 2080 if we follow RCP 8.5, but only by 2% under RCP 4.5. The response to warming on a global scale includes compensating regional effects; NPP increases in polar and eastern equatorial Pacific waters but decreases in the Atlantic, western Pacific, and Indian Oceans. The two main phytoplankton groups simulated in CESM show distinct responses: diatoms decrease their NPP, while small phytoplankton NPP increases over the mid‐21st century. Trends in NPP from mid‐21st century to 2080 are significantly different between the two emission scenarios mainly in the Atlantic Ocean basin and therefore impacts here are “avoidable” if we follow RCP 4.5, rather than RCP 8.5. In contrast, changes in NPP on a global scale and in most areas of the Pacific and Indian basins and the Southern Ocean are not distinguishable between forcing scenarios.
The East Pacific Rise current: Topographic enhancement of the interior flow in the South Pacific Ocean
Authors: Zilberman N. V. , Roemmich D. H. , Gille S. T.
Published: December 2016

Observations of absolute velocity based on Argo float profiles and trajectories in the ocean interior show evidence for an equatorward current, the East Pacific Rise current, between 42°S and 30°S, along the western flank of the East Pacific Rise. The East Pacific Rise current carries predominantly intermediate water masses, including Subantarctic Mode Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water, and deeper waters, from the southern edge of the subtropical gyre toward the Equator. The 2004 to 2014 mean East Pacific Rise current transport extrapolated through the 0–2600 m depth range is 8.1 ± 1.6 sverdrup (Sv) (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1), consistent with a wind‐driven interior transport influenced by the East Pacific Rise topography. While deep ocean mixing and geothermal heating can both create pressure gradients that support geostrophic flows in the deep ocean, this study indicates that about half of the East Pacific Rise current transport is associated with topographic steering of the deep flow over the East Pacific Rise.
Quantifying the time lag between organic matter production and export in the surface ocean: Implications for estimates of export efficiency
Authors: Stange P. , Bach L. T. , Le Moigne F. A. C. , Taucher J. , Boxhammer T. , Riebesell U.
Published: December 2016

The ocean's potential to export carbon to depth partly depends on the fraction of primary production (PP) sinking out of the euphotic zone (i.e., the e‐ratio). Measurements of PP and export flux are often performed simultaneously in the field, although there is a temporal delay between those parameters. Thus, resulting e‐ratio estimates often incorrectly assume an instantaneous downward export of PP to export flux. Evaluating results from four mesocosm studies, we find that peaks in organic matter sedimentation lag chlorophyll a peaks by 2 to 15 days. We discuss the implications of these time lags (TLs) for current e‐ratio estimates and evaluate potential controls of TL. Our analysis reveals a strong correlation between TL and the duration of chlorophyll a buildup, indicating a dependency of TL on plankton food web dynamics. This study is one step further toward time‐corrected e‐ratio estimates.
Statistical distribution of EMIC wave spectra: Observations from Van Allen Probes
Authors: Zhang X.‐J. , Li W. , Thorne R. M. , Angelopoulos V. , Bortnik J. , Kletzing C. A. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B.
Published: December 2016

It has been known that electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves can precipitate ultrarelativistic electrons through cyclotron resonant scattering. However, the overall effectiveness of this mechanism has yet to be quantified, because it is difficult to obtain the global distribution of EMIC waves that usually exhibit limited spatial presence. We construct a statistical distribution of EMIC wave frequency spectra and their intensities based on Van Allen Probes measurements from September 2012 to December 2015. Our results show that as the ratio of plasma frequency over electron gyrofrequency increases, EMIC wave power becomes progressively dominated by the helium band. There is a pronounced dawn‐dusk asymmetry in the wave amplitude and the frequency spectrum. The frequency spectrum does not follow the commonly used single‐peak Gaussian function. Incorporating these realistic EMIC wave frequency spectra into radiation belt models is expected to improve the quantification of EMIC wave scattering effects in ultrarelativistic electron dynamics.