bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Novel Unconventional Mechanisms of Hematopoietic Development and Regulators of Hematopoiesis – a Roadmap for Future Investigations
Authors: Bujko Kamila , Cymer Monika , Adamiak Mateusz , Ratajczak Mariusz Z.
Published: October 2019

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the best-characterized stem cells in adult tissues. Nevertheless, as of today, many open questions remain. First, what is the phenotype of the most primitive “pre-HSC” able to undergo asymmetric divisions during ex vivo expansion that gives rise to HSC for all hemato-lymphopoietic lineages. Next, most routine in vitro assays designed to study HSC specification into hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) for major hematopoietic lineages are based on a limited number of peptide-based growth factors and cytokines, neglecting the involvement of several other regulators that are endowed with hematopoietic activity. Examples include many hormones, such as pituitary gonadotropins, gonadal sex hormones, IGF-1, and thyroid hormones, as well as bioactive phosphosphingolipids and extracellular nucleotides (EXNs). Moreover, in addition to regulation by stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), trafficking of these cells during mobilization or homing after transplantation is also regulated by bioactive phosphosphingolipids, EXNs, and three ancient proteolytic cascades, the complement cascade (ComC), the coagulation cascade (CoA), and the fibrinolytic cascade (FibC). Finally, it has emerged that bone marrow responds by “sterile inflammation” to signals sent from damaged organs and tissues, systemic stress, strenuous exercise, gut microbiota, and the administration of certain drugs. This review will address the involvement of these unconventional regulators and present a broader picture of hematopoiesis.
Does apologizing work? An empirical test of the conventional wisdom
Authors: HANANIA RICHARD
Published: October 2019

Public figures often apologize after making controversial statements. There are reasons to believe, however, that apologizing makes public figures appear weak and risk averse, which may make them less likeable and lead members of the public to want to punish them. This paper presents the results of an experiment in which respondents were given two versions of two real-life controversies involving public figures. Approximately half of the participants read a story that made it appear as if the person had apologized, while the rest were led to believe that the individual had stood firm. In the first experiment, hearing that Rand Paul apologized for his comments on civil rights did not change whether respondents were less likely to vote for him. When presented with two versions of the controversy surrounding Larry Summers and his comments about women scientists and engineers, however, liberals and females were more likely to say that he should have faced negative consequences for his statement when presented with his apology. The effects on other groups were smaller or neutral. The evidence suggests that when a prominent figure apologizes for a controversial statement, individuals are either unaffected or become more likely to desire that the individual be punished.
Hurricane Impact on Emergency Services and Use of Telehealth to Support Prehospital Care
Authors: French David M. , Hall Greg A. , McGeorge Todd , Haschker Michael , Brazeal Joseph G. , Dubose-Morris Ragan
Published: October 2019

The impact of hurricanes on emergency services is well-known. Recent history demonstrates the need for prehospital and emergency department coordination to serve communities during evacuation, storm duration, and cleanup. The use of telehealth applications may enhance this coordination while lessening the impact on health-care systems. These applications can address triage, stabilization, and diversion and may be provided in collaboration with state and local emergency management operations through various shelters, as well as during other emergency medical responses.
Does Blind Tasting Work? Another Look
Authors: Capehart Kevin W.
Published: October 2019

A study entitled “Does Blind Tasting Work? Investigating the Impact of Training on Blind Tasting Accuracy and Wine Preference,” published in the Proceedings issues of this journal, analyzed the effects of training on blind wine tasting accuracy (Wang and Prešern, 2018). I point out two issues with that study and reanalyze their data. I find that the effects of training on accuracy are small, even without controlling for self-selection bias that may produce upwardly biased estimates. To the extent training works, it does not seem to work well and it may only work as a selection device. (JEL Classifications: C91, D83, L66)
TEMPLE PROSTITUTION AT APHACA: AN OVERLOOKED SOURCE
Authors: Gibson Craig A.
Published: October 2019

In her bookThe Myth of Sacred Prostitution in Antiquity(Cambridge, 2008), Stephanie Budin compiles and analyses an impressive array of literary sources which describe, or have been interpreted as describing, several practices that modern scholars have collectively and variously called sacred, ritual, cultic or temple prostitution. In general, as Budin explains, ‘[s]acred prostitution is the sale of a person's body for sexual purposes where some portion (if not all) of the money or goods received for this transaction belongs to a deity … usually Aphrodite’. Three major subtypes include ‘once-in-a-lifetime prostitution and/or sale of virginity in honor of a goddess’, activity that ‘involves women (and men?) who are professional prostitutes and who are owned by a deity or a deity's sanctuary’, and ‘a temporary type of sacred prostitution, where the women (and men?) are either prostitutes for a limited period of time before being married, or only prostitute themselves during certain rituals’.
NVMEROSVS HORATIVS?
Authors: Woodman A.J.
Published: October 2019

One of the most famous inscriptions to have survived from ancient Rome is the acta of the Ludi Saeculares of 17 b.c. (CIL 6.32323 = ILS 5050), and one of the most evocative of all epigraphic sentences occupies a line to itself (149): Carmen composuit Q. Horatius Flaccus. This reference to the author of the Carmen Saeculare, says Fraenkel, ‘was the result of a carefully considered decision of the highest authorities’. The degree of careful consideration is initially evident from the prominent positioning of the poet's name directly above those of Augustus and Agrippa in the following line. It will also be noticed that the sentence concludes with a clausula (cretic + spondee) which is one of Cicero's favourites. A further refinement emerges, however, if the poet's name is spelled out in full, something precluded by the naming conventions of the inscription:Cārmēn cōmpŏsŭīt ´ Quīntŭs Hŏrātĭūs | Flaccus.The inscribed sentence incorporates an Asclepiad line, the ‘signature’ metre of Odes 1–3, which are framed by Horace's only two poems in stichic Asclepiads. In identifying the author of the Carmen Saeculare, the sentence also acknowledges the collection of poems which won him the commission.
Conservation status of the dhole Cuon alpinus in north-east India, with a focus on Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram
Authors: Singh Priya , Srivathsa Arjun , Macdonald David W.
Published: October 2019

Despite the efforts invested in their conservation, the status of many threatened carnivores in key conservation landscapes remains unknown. The dhole Cuon alpinus is an Endangered social carnivore whose geographical range has contracted by c. 80% since the early 20th century. North-east India is a critical link between South Asian and South-east Asian dhole populations. In this study we compiled presence records of dholes across north-east India, from multiple sources. We also conducted camera-trap surveys in one part of this region, Dampa Tiger Reserve in the state of Mizoram. We examined the influence of ecological and management factors on fine-scale site-use by dholes in Dampa Tiger Reserve, showing a positive association of dhole site-use with sambar Rusa unicolor encounters, distance to the forest boundary and presence of forest department personnel, underscoring the importance of prey and protection. Our findings also highlight the need for targeted, multi-scale assessments of dhole ecology across other sites in north-east India.
Gender Bias and the Journal of Roman Studies
Authors: Kelly Christopher , Thonemann Peter , Borg Barbara , Hillner Julia , Lavan Myles , Morley Neville , Mullen Alex , Orlandi Silvia , Pillinger Emily , Prag Jonathan , van der Blom Henriette , Whitton Christopher
Published: October 2019

Reflecting on present unease about structural biases in the discipline, and aiming to offer a data-rich response to some recent criticisms of this Journal, the Editorial Board has undertaken a study of the representation of female scholars in the Journal of Roman Studies. To that end, we have gathered data on publications, submissions and JRS Editorial Board membership for the past fifteen years, from Volume 95 (2005) through to the present volume, Volume 109 (2019). The data are set out in the final section (VII), following a brief review of the main results. Our goal here is neither to present a definitive analysis, nor to offer a commentary on the underlying causes of the patterns revealed (on which we expect much fruitful discussion elsewhere). Rather, the JRS Editorial Board aims to make key data available both to inform a much wider debate within the profession as a whole and, importantly, to inform this Journal’s policies, procedures and active outreach. The Board is also acutely aware that any analysis of gender bias needs to be framed carefully — both by an awareness that there are other under-represented groups in the discipline (on which our data in their current form would regrettably only offer a most imperfect picture), and by a sensitivity to the limitations of a conception of gender as a simple binary.
Mill's Evolutionary Theory of Justice: Reflections on Persky
Authors: Turner Piers Norris
Published: October 2019

Joseph Persky's excellent book, The Political Economy of Progress: John Stuart Mill and Modern Radicalism, shows that J. S. Mill's support for socialism is a carefully considered element of his political and economic reform agenda. The key thought underlying Persky's argument is that Mill has an ‘evolutionary theory of justice’, according to which the set of institutions and practices that are appropriate to one state of society should give way to a new set of institutions as circumstances change and the people themselves improve. However, Persky does not spend a great deal of time discussing Mill's theory of reform, in particular the principles he believes should guide our reform efforts. Reflecting on these principles – notably his principle of impartiality or equal treatment – shows the consistency of Mill's thought over time.
Short food supply chains, labor productivity and fair earnings: an impossible equation?
Authors: Mundler Patrick , Jean-Gagnon Jennifer
Published: October 2019

Given the limited number of middlemen in short food supply chains, producers marketing through such channels must carry out various tasks associated with production, processing (if applicable) and marketing. Since productivity increases with specialization, it is presumably difficult for such producers to achieve high levels of labor productivity in each of the tasks they perform (in terms of organizing the work and controlling for costs). This study reports on the results of a detailed analysis of the apparent labor productivity in each activity segment (production, processing and distribution) on farms in Quebec (Canada) that market through short food supply chains. We adapted the concept of a complex activity system and the Work Assessment method to reflect the context in Quebec and the unique features of integrated farming models based on direct marketing. In total, we analyzed work organization on 32 Quebec farms to determine how added value and work hours are allocated among different activity segments. Our analysis of apparent labor productivity highlights the heterogeneity of farms involved in direct marketing as every farm studied had a unique profile. In addition, work patterns reflected the background, choices and skillsets of farmers and different combinations of production factors were utilized. Overall, labor productivity was lower in production-related tasks, although this was often offset by higher productivity levels in other activity segments. Our results indicate that greater productivity in the areas of processing or distribution allows farms in short food supply chains to be financially sustainable. The findings of our study also confirm that farmers involved in direct marketing work hard to sustain their activity systems, even though net earnings are often low when compared to the amount of effort involved. However, farmers are partially compensated in other ways, such as through client appreciation and work enjoyment.
The Effect of Parietal and Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current	Stimulation on Bimanual Coordinated Adaptive Motor Learning
Authors: Azarpaikan Atefeh , Taherii Torbati Hamid Reza , Sohrabi Mehdi , Boostani Reza , Ghoshuni Majid
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Many daily activities, such as typing, eating, playing the piano, and passing the ball in volleyball, require the proficient coordination of both hands. In this study, the effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) on the acquisition, retention, and transfer of bimanual adaptive motor tasks were investigated. To this end, 64 volunteers ( Mage = 24.36 years; SD = 2.51; 16 females) participated in this double-blind study and were categorized randomly into 4 groups. During the pretest, posttest, 24-h and 48-h retention, and transfer tests, two forms of bimanual coordination (BC) of the Vienna test system were performed. Between the pretest and posttest, all participants were trained in a bimanual coordination adaptive task with concurrent brain stimulation (1.5 mA for 15 min) for two consecutive days. The first experimental group (parietal-stim) received atDCS over the right parietal cortex (P4), while the second experimental group (cerebellar-stim) received atDCS over the bilateral cerebellum (2.5 cm bilateral to the inion). The third group (sham) received a sham stimulation. Finally, the control group did not receive any stimulation at all (control). Repeated-measure analysis of variance (ANOVARM) results indicated that parietal tDCS affected motor performance in the posttest, while overall mean duration and overall error mean duration of movement decreased. The results also revealed a significant impact of cerebellar tDCS on the posttest, 24-h and 48-h retention, and transfer tests. The overall mean duration and overall error mean durations of movement in this group were significantly lower than those in the other groups. Accordingly, we found evidence that atDCS over the cerebellum leads to more improvement in motor performance and transfer in a bimanual coordination task than atDCS over the right parietal. Finally, these results point to the possibly beneficial application of atDCS for learning and recovery of bimanual motor skills, especially when subjects are faced with a new challenging situation.
The Subsurface Mode Tropical Instability Waves in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean and Their Impacts on Shear and Mixing
Authors: Liu Chuanyu , Fang Liyuan , Köhl Armin , Liu Zhiyu , Smyth William D. , Wang Fan
Published: October 2019

The tropical instability waves (TIWs) in the eastern tropical Pacific have generally been considered as surface‐intensified structures resembling the first baroclinic mode. Here, we report on the existence of subsurface‐intensified TIWs on the equator. These TIWs are primarily manifested in zonal velocities, inducing maximum velocity oscillations at 70–90 m depth with amplitudes of 0.1–0.2 m/s and periods of 5–20 days. They account for ~20% of the variance at 5‐ to 30‐day periods, with another ~50% being contributed by the surface‐intensified TIWs. These waves are most significant during the TIW seasons; they are energized in part by barotropic instabilities and usually last for 3–7 months. Via interacting with the mean flow, they can induce strong out‐of‐phase shear changes between ~50‐m depth and just above the Equatorial Undercurrent core and may lead to complex diapycnal mixing structures. Their horizontal structures, generation mechanism(s), and large‐scale impacts remain to be disclosed.
Energetic Oxygen and Sulfur Charge States in the Outer Jovian Magnetosphere: Insights From the Cassini Jupiter Flyby
Authors: Allen R. C. , Paranicas C. P. , Bagenal F. , Vines S. K. , Hamilton D. C. , Allegrini F. , Clark G. , Delamere P. A. , Kim T. K. , Krimigis S. M. , Mitchell D. G. , Smith T. H. , Wilson R. J.
Published: October 2019

On 10 January 2001, Cassini briefly entered into the magnetosphere of Jupiter, en route to Saturn. During this excursion into the Jovian magnetosphere, the Cassini Magnetosphere Imaging Instrument/Charge‐Energy‐Mass Spectrometer detected oxygen and sulfur ions. While Charge‐Energy‐Mass Spectrometer can distinguish between oxygen and sulfur charge states directly, only 95.9 ± 2.9 keV/e ions were sampled during this interval, allowing for a long time integration of the tenuous outer magnetospheric (~200 RJ) plasma at one energy. For this brief interval for the 95.9 keV/e ions, 96% of oxygen ions were O+, with the other 4% as O2+, while 25% of the energetic sulfur ions were S+, 42% S2+, and 33% S3+. The S2+/O+ flux ratio was observed to be 0.35 (±0.06 Poisson error).
Ocean Biogeochemistry Control on the Marine Emissions of Brominated Very Short‐Lived Ozone‐Depleting Substances: A Machine‐Learning Approach
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Kinnison Douglas , Montzka Stephen A. , Apel Eric C. , Hornbrook Rebecca S. , Hills Alan J. , Blake Donald R. , Barletta Barbara , Meinardi Simone , Sweeney Colm , Moore Fred , Long Matthew , Saiz‐Lopez Alfonso , Fernandez Rafael Pedro , Tilmes Simone , Emmons Louisa K. , Lamarque Jean‐François
Published: October 2019

Halogenated very short lived substances (VSLS) affect the ozone budget in the atmosphere. Brominated VSLS are naturally emitted from the ocean, and current oceanic emission inventories vary dramatically. We present a new global oceanic emission inventory of Br‐VSLS (bromoform and dibromomethane), considering the physical forcing in the ocean and the atmosphere, as well as the ocean biogeochemistry control. A data‐oriented machine‐learning emulator was developed to couple the air‐sea exchange with the ocean biogeochemistry. The predicted surface seawater concentrations and the surface atmospheric mixing ratios of Br‐VSLS are evaluated with long‐term, global‐scale observations; and the predicted vertical distributions of Br‐VSLS are compared to the global airborne observations in both boreal summer and winter. The global marine emissions of bromoform and dibromomethane are estimated to be 385 and 54 Gg Br per year, respectively. The new oceanic emission inventory of Br‐VSLS is more skillful than the widely used top‐down approaches for representing the seasonal/spatial variations and the annual means of atmospheric concentrations. The new approach improves the model predictability for the coupled Earth system model and can be used as a basis for investigating the past and future ocean emissions and feedbacks under climate change. This model framework can be used to calculate the bidirectional oceanic fluxes for other compounds of interest.
Robust Predictive Design of Field Measurements for Evapotranspiration Barriers Using Universal Multiple linear Regression
Authors: Clutter Melissa , Ferré Ty P. A. , Zhang Zhuanfang Fred , Gupta Hoshin
Published: October 2019

Surface barriers are commonly installed to reduce downward water movement into contaminated zones. Specifically, evapotranspiration (ET) barriers are used to store water and release it, via ET, before it can percolate into an underlying waste zone. To assess the effectiveness of a surface barrier, we used an existing data set, model‐simulated data, and a dimensionality reduction approach called universal multiple linear regression (uMLR) to optimize the required number of sensors in a 2‐m thick surface barrier. To understand the usefulness of implementing predictive uMLR to accommodate multiple monitoring objectives, we compare several network designs, selected based on down‐sampling of existing data, with a recommended sensor design based on model simulations performed without consideration of existing data. We also added consideration of “fuzzy” design, which allows more practical guidelines for field implementation of uMLR. We found that uMLR, combined with robust decision‐making, provides a simple, flexible, and high‐quality network design for monitoring the total water stored in a surface barrier across multiple uncertain conditions.
Barium Chemosensors with Dry-Phase Fluorescence for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
Authors: Thapa P. , Arnquist I. , Byrnes N. , Denisenko A. A. , Foss F. W. , Jones B. J. P. , McDonald A. D. , Nygren D. R. , Woodruff K.
Published: October 2019

The nature of the neutrino is one of the major open questions in experimental nuclear and particle physics. The most sensitive known method to establish the Majorana nature of the neutrino is detection of the ultra-rare process of neutrinoless double beta decay. However, identification of one or a handful of decay events within a large mass of candidate isotope, without obfuscation by backgrounds is a formidable experimental challenge. One hypothetical method for achieving ultra- low-background neutrinoless double beta decay sensitivity is the detection of single 136Ba ions produced in the decay of 136Xe (“barium tagging”). To implement such a method, a single-ion-sensitive barium detector must be developed and demonstrated in bulk liquid or dry gaseous xenon. This paper reports on the development of two families of dry-phase barium chemosensor molecules for use in high pressure xenon gas detectors, synthesized specifically for this purpose. One particularly promising candidate, an anthracene substituted aza-18-crown-6 ether, is shown to respond in the dry phase with almost no intrinsic background from the unchelated state, and to be amenable to barium sensing through fluorescence microscopy. This interdisciplinary advance, paired with earlier work demonstrating sensitivity to single barium ions in solution, opens a new path toward single ion detection in high pressure xenon gas.
Analysis of microarray right-censored data through fused sliced inverse regression
Authors: Yoo Jae Keun
Published: October 2019

Sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) for a regression pursue a replacement of the original p-dimensional predictors with its lower-dimensional linear projection. The so-called sliced inverse regression (SIR; [5]) arguably has the longest history in SDR methodologies, but it is still one of the most popular one. The SIR is known to be easily affected by the number of slices, which is one of its critical deficits. Recently, a fused approach for SIR is proposed to relieve this weakness, which fuses the kernel matrices computed by the SIR application from various numbers of slices. In the paper, the fused SIR is applied to a large-p-small n regression of a high-dimensional microarray right-censored data to show its practical advantage over usual SIR application. Through model validation, it is confirmed that the fused SIR outperforms the SIR with any number of slices under consideration.
Sustained Improvements in Glucose Metabolism Late After Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery in Patients with and Without Preoperative Diabetes
Authors: Jørgensen Nils B. , Bojsen-Møller Kirstine N. , Dirksen Carsten , Martinussen Christoffer , Svane Maria S. , Kristiansen Viggo B. , Holst Jens J. , Madsbad Sten
Published: October 2019

To describe glucose metabolism in the late, weight stable phase after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) in patients with and without preoperative type 2 diabetes we invited 55 RYGB-operated persons from two existing cohorts to participate in a late follow-up study. 44 (24 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT)/20 with type 2 diabetes (T2D) before surgery) accepted the invitation (median follow-up 2.7 [Range 2.2–5.0 years]). Subjects were examined during an oral glucose stimulus and results compared to preoperative and 1-year (1 y) post RYGB results. Glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, beta-cell function and incretin hormone secretion were evaluated. 1 y weight loss was maintained late after surgery. Glycemic control, insulin resistance, beta-cell function and GLP-1 remained improved late after surgery in both groups. In NGT subjects, nadir glucose decreased 1 y after RYGB, but did not change further. In T2D patients, relative change in weight from 1 y to late after RYGB correlated with relative change in fasting glucose and HbA1c, whereas relative changes in glucose-stimulated insulin release correlated inversely with relative changes in postprandial glucose excursions. In NGT subjects, relative changes in postprandial nadir glucose correlated with changes in beta-cell glucose sensitivity. Thus, effects of RYGB on weight and glucose metabolism are maintained late after surgery in patients with and without preoperative T2D. Weight loss and improved beta-cell function both contribute to maintenance of long-term glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, and increased glucose stimulated insulin secretion may contribute to postprandial hypoglycemia in NGT subjects.
Primary renal lymphoma: a population-based study in the United States, 1980–2013
Authors: Chen Jiayuan , Peng Jiangtong , Zheng Yongqiang , Li Sen , Yang Pengcheng , Wu Xiangyi , Tian He , Liu Hui , Yang Shengli , Wang Wenjing , Wu Bian
Published: October 2019

Primary renal lymphoma (PRL) is a rare lymphoid malignancy with only a few cases reported in the literature. We performed a population-based study of PRL to determine its incidence, clinical characteristics and factors associated with survival using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We identified 723 patients with PRL. The most common histological subtype of PRL was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (56.3%). The incidence and mortality rate of PRL was 0.053/100,000 person-years and 0.036/100,000 person-years, respectively. The incidence rate of PRL was increasing significantly with an annual percentage change (APC) of 3.45% (p < 0.001). The 1-year and 5-year relative survival (RS) rates of patients with PRL were 78% and 64%. The RS of patients diagnosed between 2000 to 2013 was better than that of patients diagnosed between 1980–1999. A multivariate Cox hazards regression analysis revealed that older age, male gender, diagnosis before 2000, advanced stage, not receiving surgical treatment, and DLBCL or T/NK cell lymphoma type were independent predictors of unfavorable survival.
In silico/In vivo analysis of high-risk papillomavirus L1 and L2 conserved sequences for development of cross-subtype prophylactic vaccine
Authors: Namvar Ali , Bolhassani Azam , Javadi Gholamreza , Noormohammadi Zahra
Published: October 2019

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world and the main cause of cervical cancer. Nowadays, the virus-like particles (VLPs) based on L1 proteins have been considered as the best candidate for vaccine development against HPV infections. Two commercial HPV (Gardasil and Cervarix) are available. These HPV VLP vaccines induce genotype-limited protection. The major impediments such as economic barriers especially gaps in financing obstructed the optimal delivery of vaccines in developing countries. Thus, many efforts are underway to develop the next generation of vaccines against other types of high-risk HPV. In this study, we developed DNA constructs (based on L1 and L2 genes) that were potentially immunogenic and highly conserved among the high-risk HPV types. The framework of analysis include (1) B-cell epitope mapping, (2) T-cell epitope mapping (i.e., CD4+ and CD8+ T cells), (3) allergenicity assessment, (4) tap transport and proteasomal cleavage, (5) population coverage, (6) global and template-based docking, and (7) data collection, analysis, and design of the L1 and L2 DNA constructs. Our data indicated the 8-epitope candidates for helper T-cell and CTL in L1 and L2 sequences. For the L1 and L2 constructs, combination of these peptides in a single universal vaccine could involve all world population by the rate of 95.55% and 96.33%, respectively. In vitro studies showed high expression rates of multiepitope L1 (~57.86%) and L2 (~68.42%) DNA constructs in HEK-293T cells. Moreover, in vivo studies indicated that the combination of L1 and L2 DNA constructs without any adjuvant or delivery system induced effective immune responses, and protected mice against C3 tumor cells (the percentage of tumor-free mice: ~66.67%). Thus, the designed L1 and L2 DNA constructs would represent promising applications for HPV vaccine development.
Oribatid mites show that soil food web complexity and close aboveground-belowground linkages emerged in the early Paleozoic
Authors: Schaefer Ina , Caruso Tancredi
Published: October 2019

The early evolution of ecosystems in Palaeozoic soils remains poorly understood because the fossil record is sparse, despite the preservation of soil microarthropods already from the Early Devonian (~410 Mya). The soil food web plays a key role in the functioning of ecosystems and its organisms currently express traits that have evolved over 400 my. Here, we conducted a phylogenetic trait analysis of a major soil animal group (Oribatida) to reveal the deep time story of the soil food web. We conclude that this group, central to the trophic structure of the soil food web, diversified in the early Paleozoic and resulted in functionally complex food webs by the late Devonian. The evolution of body size, form, and an astonishing trophic diversity demonstrates that the soil food web was as structured as current food webs already in the Devonian, facilitating the establishment of higher plants in the late Paleozoic.
A computational study of hydrogen doping induced metal-to-insulator transition in CaFeO3, SrFeO3, BaFeO3 and SmMnO3
Authors: Yao Shukai , Yoo Pilsun , Liao Peilin
Published: October 2019

First principles density functional theory calculations were performed to identify transition metal perovskites CaFeO3, SrFeO3, BaFeO3 and SmMnO3 as promising candidates with large band gap opening upon hydrogen doping.
Defect formation and migration in Nasicon Li1+xAlxTi2−x(PO4)3
Authors: Arjmandi Hamid R. , Grieshammer Steffen
Published: October 2019

We investigate the formation and migration of various defects in Nasicon structured Li1+xAlxTi2−x(PO4)3.
Ligand shell size effects on one- and two-photon excitation fluorescence of zwitterion functionalized gold nanoclusters
Authors: Perić Martina , Sanader Maršić Željka , Russier-Antoine Isabelle , Fakhouri Hussein , Bertorelle Franck , Brevet Pierre-François , le Guével Xavier , Antoine Rodolphe , Bonačić-Koutecký Vlasta
Published: October 2019

The effects of explicit ligands and of aqueous solvent on optical properties and in particular on the one- and two-photon excitation fluorescence of zwitterion functionalized gold nanoclusters have been studied.
A smart nanoprobe based on a gadolinium complex encapsulated by ZIF-8 with enhanced room temperature phosphorescence for synchronous oxygen sensing and photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhao Zhongli , Ru Jiaxi , Zhou Panpan , Wang Yunsheng , Shan Changfu , Yang Xiaoxi , Cao Jing , Liu Weisheng , Guo Huichen , Tang Yu
Published: October 2019

In this work, a smart nanoprobe based on a gadolinium complex encapsulated by a metal–organic framework with enhanced room temperature phosphorescence was designed for synchronous oxygen sensing and photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Straightforward access to complex isoindolinones from the Ugi reaction of o-nitrobenzoic acid derivatives
Authors: Kurva Mahanandaiah , Dolé Kerim Mansour , Gàmez-Montaño Rocio , El Kaim Laurent
Published: October 2019

Ugi/SNAr/oxidative deamidification strategy towards complex isoindolinones.
Human Frequency Following Response Correlates of Spatial Release From Masking
Authors: Rouhbakhsh Nematollah , Mahdi John , Hwo Jacob , Nobel Baran , Mousave Fati
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Speech recognition in complex listening environments is enhanced by the extent of spatial separation between the speech source and background competing sources, an effect known as spatial release from masking (SRM). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the phase-locked neural activity in the central auditory pathways, reflected in the frequency following response (FFR), exhibits SRM.

Method

Eighteen normal-hearing adults (8 men and 10 women, ranging in age from 20 to 42 years) with no known neurological disorders participated in this study. FFRs were recorded from the participants in response to a target vowel /u/ presented with spatially colocated and separated competing talkers at 3 ranges of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), with median SNRs of −5.4, 0.5, and 6.8 dB and for different attentional conditions (attention and no attention).

Results

Amplitude of the FFR at the fundamental frequency was significantly larger in the spatially separated condition as compared to the colocated condition for only the lowest (< −2.4 dB SNR) of the 3 SNR ranges tested. A significant effect of attention was found when subjects were actively focusing on the target stimuli. No significant interaction effects were found between spatial separation and attention.

Conclusions

The enhanced representation of the target stimulus in the separated condition suggests that the temporal pattern of phase-locked brainstem neural activity generating the FFR may contain information relevant to the binaural processes underlying SRM but only in challenging listening environments. Attention may modulate FFR fundamental frequency amplitude but does not seem to modulate spatial processing at the level of generating the FFR.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9992597
Using Informal Measures to Separate Language Impairment From Language Influence When Working With Diverse Students
Authors: Prath Scott
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Determining whether language errors result from native language influence or speech-language impairment can be challenging for professionals diagnosing and treating children from diverse backgrounds. Although we are fortunate to have some formal measures for Spanish-speaking children, children who speak any other language need to be evaluated informally. Taking language and culture into account, this article provides school-based professionals with a framework to separate language difference from disorder to improve diagnostic decisions and reduce caseloads by identifying students who may not need services.

Conclusion

Both linguistic and cultural knowledge are critical when working with families and children from different language backgrounds. To successfully diagnose and treat bilingual children, linguistic information needs to be further analyzed for differences of morphology, semantics, and syntax. An informal framework can successfully be applied during the evaluation and goal writing process so that professions can correctly differentiate between normal errors caused by second-language influence and errors that are indicative of a language disorder.
Axisymmetric Schwarzschild models of an isothermal axisymmetric mock dwarf spheroidal galaxy
Authors: Hagen Jorrit H. J. , Helmi Amina , Breddels Maarten A.
Published: October 2019

Aims. The goal of this work is to test the ability of Schwarzschild’s orbit superposition method to measure the mass content, scale radius, and shape of a flattened dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Until now, most dynamical model efforts have assumed that dwarf spheroidal galaxies and their host halos are spherical.

Methods. We used an Evans model (1993, MNRAS, 260, 191) to construct an isothermal mock galaxy whose properties somewhat resemble those of the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy. This mock galaxy contains flattened luminous and dark matter components, resulting in a logarithmic profile for the global potential. We tested whether the Schwarzschild method could constrain the characteristic parameters of the system for different sample sizes and whether this was possible without knowledge of the functional form of the potential.

Results. When assuming the true functional form of the potential of the system, the Schwarzschild modelling technique is able to provide an accurate and precise measurement of the characteristic mass parameter of the system and accurately reproduces the light distribution and the stellar kinematics of our mock galaxy. When assuming a different functional form for the potential of the model, such as a flattened Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) profile, we also constrain the mass and scale radius to their corresponding values. However in both cases, we find that the flattening parameter remains largely unconstrained. This is likely because the information content of the velocity dispersion on the geometric shape of the potential is too small.

Conclusions. Our results using Schwarzschild’s method indicate that the mass enclosed can be derived reliably, even if the flattening parameter is unknown, and already for samples containing 2000 line-of-sight radial velocities, such as those currently available. Further applications of the method to more general distribution functions of flattened systems are needed to establish how well the flattening of dSph dark halos can be determined.
Cold dust and stellar emissions in dust-rich galaxies observed with ALMA: a challenge for SED-fitting techniques
Authors: Buat V. , Ciesla L. , Boquien M. , Małek K. , Burgarella D.
Published: October 2019

Context. Over the past few years the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) has detected dust-rich galaxies whose cold dust emission is spatially disconnected from the ultraviolet (UV) rest-frame emission. This represents a challenge for modeling their spectral energy distributions (SED) with codes based on an energy budget between the stellar and dust components. This could potentially weaken the solidity of the physical parameters measured with these modeling tools.

Aims. We want to verify the validity of energy balance modeling on a sample of galaxies observed from the UV to the sub-millimeter rest frame with ALMA and decipher what information can be reliably retrieved from the analysis of the full SED and from subsets of wavelengths.

Methods. We select 17 sources at z ≃ 2 in the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (HUDF) and in the GOODS-South field detected with ALMA and Herschel and for which UV to near-infrared rest-frame ancillary data are available. We fit the data with CIGALE exploring different configurations for dust attenuation and star formation histories, considering either the full dataset or one that is reduced to the stellar and dust emission. We compare estimates of the dust luminosities, star formation rates, and stellar masses.

Results. The fit of the stellar continuum alone with the starburst attenuation law can only reproduce up to 50% of the total dust luminosity observed by Herschel and ALMA. This deficit is found to be marginally consistent with similar quantities estimated in the COSMOS field and is found to increase with the specific star formation rate. The combined stellar and dust SEDs are well fitted when different attenuation laws are introduced. Shallow attenuation curves are needed for the galaxies whose cold dust distribution is very compact compared to starlight. The stellar mass estimates are affected by the choice of the attenuation law. The star formation rates are robustly estimated as long as dust luminosities are available. The large majority of the galaxies are above the average main sequence of star forming galaxies and one source is a strong starburst.
Einfluss der Entblätterung vor der Blüte auf Traubenqualität und Ertrag von “Riesling” und “Zweigelt”
Authors: Mehofer M. , Hanak K. , Schmuckenschlager B. , Vitovec N. , Schober V. , Wendelin S. , Prinz M.
Published: October 2019

Die Auswirkungen verschiedener Entblätterungsmaßnahmen auf das Auftreten von Sonnenbrand und Botrytis, Traubendichte, Ertrag, Traubengewicht, Wildverbiss, Beerengewicht, Mostgewicht, Säuregehalt, pH-Wert und die Gehalte an Phenolen und Stickstoff im Most wurden in einem zweijährigen Versuch an den Rebsorten ‘Riesling' und ‘Zweigelt' erhoben. Im Jahr 2012 wurden bei ‘Riesling' die Sonnenbrandschäden durch die Entblätterung und im Besonderen durch die frühe Entfernung der untersten sechs Blätter und Geiztriebe vor der Blüte zum Entwicklungsstadium BBCH 57 erhöht. Im Jahr 2013 waren die Sonnenbrandschäden witterungsbedingt deutlich geringer und traten wie bei der Rebsorte ‘Zweigelt' nur an einzelnen Beeren auf. Dieselbe Maßnahme hatte bei ‘Riesling' einen signifikant reduzierenden Effekt auf das Auftreten von Botrytis, hingegen war der Befall in jener Variante, in der keine Blätter entfernt wurden, am signifikant höchsten. Bei “Zweigelt” war der Befall mit Botrytis sehr gering und trat nur an einzelnen Beeren auf. Eine Reduktion der Traubendichte durch die Entblätterung vor der Blüte konnte bei “Riesling” nicht ermittelt werden. Die Traubendichte war als “mittel” bis “dicht” einzustufen. Bei “Zweigelt” wurde die Traubendichte durch die frühe Entblätterung und Geiztriebentfernung hingegen signifikant verringert, und zwar von “dicht” auf “mittel”. Bei beiden Rebsorten waren Ertrag und Traubengewicht in jener Variante, in der vor der Blüte die Blätter und Geiztriebe entfernt wurden, signifikant verringert. Die Ertragsreduktion betrug jahresabhängig bei “Riesling” 16% beziehungsweise 21% und bei “Zweigelt” 28% beziehungsweise 35%. Das Traubengewicht verringerte sich jahresabhängig um 20% und 15% bei “Riesling´beziehungsweise 24% und 29% bei “Zweigelt”. Das Mostgewicht wurde bei der Rebsorte ‘Riesling' in jener Variante, in der die untersten sechs Blätter und Geiztriebe zum Entwicklungsstadium BBCH 83 (Beerenverfärbung) entfernt wurden, in beiden Jahren signifikant verringert, und zwar um 0.8 bis 1 ∘KMW beziehungsweise um 0.4 bis 0.7 ∘KMW, nicht jedoch bei der Rebsorte ‘Zweigelt'. Durch die frühe Entfernung der untersten sechs Blätter und Geiztriebe vor der Blüte wurde das Mostgewicht bei keiner der beiden Rebsorten beeinflusst. Nur im Jahr 2012 und nur bei der Rebsorte ‘Riesling' war der Gehalt an Gesamtphenolen im Most der vor der Blüte entblätterten Variante mit 0.039 g/l signifikant erhöht. Die Stickstoffwerte im Most streuten innerhalb der Versuchsvarianten bei beiden Rebsorten stark ohne signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Versuchsvarianten. Die sensorische Bewertung der Weine der Rebsorte “Riesling” erbrachte in beiden Jahren keine signifikanten Unterschiede.
Analytical and sensory data correlation to understand consumers' grape preference
Authors: Basile T. , Perniola R. , Cardone M.F. , Marsico A.D. , Antonacci D.
Published: October 2019

NIR spectroscopy is a rapid, economic and not destructive technique employed in food analysis. Concerning fresh table grape, the analysis is usually limited to juices, homogenates or skin extracts which usually give better NIR prediction models. Scanning of intact berries is challenging since each berry has specific features (berry shape, presence of superficial pigmentation, etc.) and, moreover, there are punctual variations even within the same berry. It would be of great interest to obtain information about maturity parameters and consumer's appreciation directly from intact berries, since it would save both time and money. In this article, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometric methods have been employed to search for a correlation between sensory analysis and analytical data. The research findings show how it is possible to use a rapid, economic and not destructive emerging technology such as NIR spectroscopy to understand consumer's preference directly from intact berries.
Optimizing concentrations and contact times of cleaning and sanitizing agents for inactivating winery spoilage microorganisms
Authors: Marx C. , Oberholster A.
Published: October 2019

Microbial management is one of the most critical aspects of winery operations and is normally achieved via chemical control. This study sought to optimize winery cleaning and sanitation protocols for the management of winery spoilage microorganisms by applying multiple techniques commonly found in clinical health settings to winery-relevant conditions. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum biocidal concentration assay and a modified minimum biofilm inactivation assay were performed for three common winery spoilage yeast(S. cerevisiae, B. bruxellensis, Z. baili). Results indicate that inhibitory and biocidal concentrations vary dramatically between organisms but are largely in line with established application rates for inactivation of all cells in planktonic and biofilm physiologies. Dual-channel fluorescence staining was employed to determine minimum inactivation time forS. cerevisiaeusing two peracetic acid concentrations. Propidium Iodide and SYBR Green 1 stains were validated as a live/dead proxy (R2= 0.99) and used to determine the contact time required to inactivate cell suspensions. Peracetic acid treatment trials indicate thatS. cerevisiaepopulations are inactivated in five minutes or less at concentrations of 1−1.5 mg/L. In conjunction, these experiments provide insight for winemakers to critically think about cleaning and sanitation protocols and how to optimize these processes.
The veil of flor's structure, composition and interactions in biological ageing wines
Authors: Ruiz-Muñoz M. , Cordero-Bueso G. , Martínez S. , Pérez F. , Hughes-Herrera D. , Izquierdo-Bueno I. , Cantoral J.M.
Published: October 2019

Biological ageing occurs after fermentation of the grape must and it is due to the appearance of a biofilm on the surface of the wine called “veil of flor”. Yeast involved in veil formation are mainlySaccharomyces cerevisiaeand they have traditionally been divided into four races according to their ability to metabolize different sugars. The growth of flor yeasts depends on different factors, such as the aerobic assimilation of the wine ethanol, since the medium is deficient in both sugars and nitrogen. Actually, flor yeast metabolism is different from wineS. cerevisiaeyeast, but it hasn't been analysed yet. Thus, the aim of this work is to study the diversity of flor yeast strains and to analyse the composition and the structure of the veil of flor in Jerez-Xérés-Sherry D.O. The results of this work revealed 14 different genotypes ofS. cerevisiaestrains using multiplex-microsatellite PCR and these strains showed 8 different biochemical profiles using a similar procedure than traditionally. In addition, mannose and glucose were found in veil of flor complex using UHPLC-MS.