bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of snake grass fiber-reinforced polymer composite chair
Authors: Sathishkumar TP
Published: February 2015

The natural fiber-reinforced composites have been widely used in many applications and emerging as a replacement for wood materials. The wood is a main component for making chairs, tables, and various furniture elements. The snake grass fiber-reinforced polymer composites chair is fabricated and is used to replace the usage of wood chair for commercial application. The mechanical properties such as flexural and compressive and the water absorption at various time periods have been analyzed. These properties are compared with SAL wood and the inferences are discussed. The preparation and material cost of the composites are compared with SAL wood chair. The composite chair have higher mechanical properties and lower cost for fabrication compared to SAL wood chair. The total weight of composites chair is lower than wood. Hence, snake grass fiber-reinforced polymer composites might replace SAL wood and other wood chairs and save trees, which in turn helps in reducing global warming.
Young children’s identities becoming: Exploring agency in the creation of multimodal literacies
Authors: Kuby Candace R , Vaughn Margaret
Published: February 2015

This cross-case qualitative study draws on poststructural notions of identity to explore the relationship between multimodal literacies of young children and their becoming identities. Although research focuses on the products or texts of multiliteracies, more research is needed to examine shifting identities in the process of students creating. This study uses mediated discourse analysis to analyse interactions across one school year in a kindergarten (five- and six-year-olds) and a second-grade (seven- and eight-year-olds) classroom. Four insights are discussed across cases: (1) understanding and recognition of shifting identities, (2) the children becoming and doing teacher, (3) being a multimodal visionary and (4) living as a mentor designer and teacher. Insights highlight a ‘multimodal as agency’ stance, suggesting that through the process of creating multimodal forms of literacy, positions were instantiated and identities were re/negotiated. We encourage early childhood educators to create multimodal curricular spaces to facilitate young children’s agency and becoming identities.
Barriers to and Facilitators of Health for Latina Undergraduate Students
Authors: Mount Jill
Published: February 2015

Latina undergraduate students’ barriers and facilitators of health are examined: Barriers to psychological health—separating from family, pressure to succeed, and racism; Barriers to physical health—lacking health insurance, and discomfort using campus sports facilities; and Facilitators of psychological health—membership in Latina student organizations, pride being the first family member to attend college, and ability to motivate other Latino/as to attend college. Using home remedies facilitated students’ physical health. Practical recommendations for university personnel are discussed.
Sexual Dysfunction and Sexual Behaviors in a Sample of Brazilian Male Substance Misusers
Authors: Diehl Alessandra , Pillon Sandra Cristina , dos Santos Manoel Antônio , Rassool G. Hussein , Laranjeira Ronaldo
Published: February 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential relationship between self-reported sexual dysfunction, sexual behavior, and severity of addiction of drug users. A cross-sectional design study was conducted at an inpatient addiction treatment unit in Sao Paulo, Brazil, with a sample of 508 male drug users. Sociodemographic data, sexual behavior, and severity of dependence were evaluated.The prevalence of sexual dysfunction was 37.2% and premature ejaculation was 63.8%. Men with sexual dysfunction presented from moderate to severe level of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs of dependence. The findings from this study are particularly relevant identifying those sociodemographic factors, severity of drug use, and sexual behavior are related to men who experience sexual dysfunction. Health promotion and motivational interventions on sexual health targeted to male drug users can contribute in reducing these at-risk behaviors. More interdisciplinary research is desirable in future in considering men’s sexual health.
The meaning of suffering in patients with advanced progressive cancer
Authors: Ellis Jackie , Cobb Mark , O’Connor Tina , Dunn Laurie , Irving Greg , Lloyd-Williams Mari
Published: February 2015

Background

There is a lack of research into suffering and what it means to the individual patient with advanced cancer and its importance in end of life care.

Aims

To explore the concept of suffering and distress by eliciting what individual patients with advanced cancer perceived as suffering and how they utilised their own resources to manage suffering.

Method

A qualitative study design of focused narrative interviews analysed by thematic analysis was conducted with a heterogeneous sample of 49 palliative day care patients.

Results

For those patients who perceived they were suffering, this study revealed a wide spectrum of definitions which could be described within the following areas; the unavoidable and avoidable suffering, physical and emotional suffering, suffering as loss and finally transformation through suffering.

Conclusions

These findings provide important insight that broadens and enriches our understanding into the concept of suffering and how patients utilise their resources, which may have important implications for end of life care.
The networked practice of online political satire in China: Between ritual and resistance
Authors: Yang Guobin , Jiang Min
Published: February 2015

Online political satire is an important aspect of Chinese Internet culture and politics. Current scholarship focuses on its contents and views it primarily from the perspective of resistance. By reconceptualizing online political satire as a networked practice, this article shifts the focus of analysis from contents to practice. Five types of networked practices of online political satire are identified and analyzed. Practices which mainly fulfill social functions are referred to as ritual satire and distinguished from explicitly political practices. The article thus shows that online political satire has multiple meanings and uses. Its proliferation in Chinese digital spaces results from the complex and interlocked conditions of politics, technology, history, and culture.
Stephen Colbert: Great satirist, or greatest satirist ever?
Authors: Combe Kirk
Published: February 2015

This essay offers an assessment of Colbert’s satire that situates his practice within the larger theory and history of the genre. My assertion is that satire problematizes notions of certainty, stable reality, and absolute truth. As such, satire enacts a postmodern agenda of freeplay and undecidability. However, many current media critics operate with a modernist view of the genre and of Colbert in particular. Such an approach to satire is inadequate and misconstrues the significance of the form as well as Colbert’s masterly use of it.
Weaning and childhood nutrition
Authors: Williamson Christopher , Beatty Catherine
Published: February 2015

Suitable nutrition in children is critical to development. It has long been recognised that under-nutrition can lead to faltering growth, however, there is also increasing concern over the rising number of children who are overweight and classified as obese. Babies initially receive all their nourishment through exclusive milk feeding, either breast or bottle, but this soon becomes nutritionally inadequate and needs replacing with solid foods. This process of weaning onto a solid diet can be a stressful time for parents. Conflicting messages from family, friends and healthcare professionals make it difficult for parents to decide how best to introduce solid foods into their child’s diet. This article looks to provide an overview of infant nutrition with a particular focus on weaning and the current evidence surrounding the process.
Current UK practices in the management of subacromial impingement
Authors: Bryceland James K , Drury Colin , Tait Gavin R
Published: February 2015

Background

Controversy presently exists surrounding the management of patients with subacromial impingement. This study aims to highlight current UK practices in the management of these patients.

Methods

BESS members were invited to complete a questionnaire and responses were received from 157 consultant shoulder surgeons.

Results

Physiotherapy is an integral part of management for 93% of surgeons with a minimum period of 12 weeks being most popular prior to consideration of arthroscopic subacromial decompression. Subacromial steroid injection is used by 95% and 86% repeat this if the patient has failed to respond to a previous injection by the general practioner. From initial presentation, 77% felt there should be at least 3 months of conservative management before proceeding to surgery. Good but transient response to subacromial injection was considered the best predictor of good surgical outcome by 77%. The coracoacromial ligament is fully released by 78%, although there was greater variation in how aggressive surgeons were with acromioplasty. Most (59%) do not include the nontender acromioclavicular joint to any extent in routine acromioplasty. Hospital physiotherapy protocols are used by 63% for postoperative rehabilitation.

Conclusions

Variation exists in the management regimes offered to patients with subacromial impingement, but most employ a minimum period of 12 weeks of conservative management incorporating physiotherapy and at least 2 subacromial steriod injections.
Optimal Time of Tracheotomy in Infants
Authors: Unal Sevim , Bilgin Leyla Karadeniz , Gonulal Deniz , Akcan Fatih Alper
Published: February 2015

Objective. Infants with respiratory failure may require prolonged intubation. There is no consensus on the time of tracheotomy in neonates. Methods. We evaluated infants applied tracheotomy, time of procedure, and early complications in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) retrospectively from January 2012 to December 2013. Results. We identified 9 infants applied tracheotomy with gestational ages 34 to 41 weeks. Their diagnoses were hypotonic infant, subglottic stenosis, laryngeal cleft, neck mass, and chronic lung disease. Age on tracheotomy ranged from 4 to 10 weeks. Early complication ratio was 33.3% with minimal bleeding (1), air leak (1), and canal revision requirement (1). We discharged 7 infants, and 2 infants died in the NICU. Conclusion. Tracheotomy makes infant nursing easy for staff and families even at home. If carried out by a trained team, the procedure is safe and has low complication. When to apply tracheotomy should be individualized, and airway damage due to prolonged intubation versus risks of tracheotomy should be taken into consideration.
Prospective validation of pediatric disease severity scores to predict mortality in Ugandan children presenting with malaria and non-malaria febrile illness
Authors: Conroy Andrea L , Hawkes Michael , Hayford Kyla , Namasopo Sophie , Opoka Robert O , John Chandy C , Liles W Conrad , Kain Kevin C
Published: February 2015

Introduction

The development of simple clinical tools to identify children at risk of death would enable rapid and rational implementation of lifesaving measures to reduce childhood mortality globally.

Methods

We evaluated the ability of three clinical scoring systems to predict in-hospital mortality in a prospective observational study of Ugandan children with fever. We computed the Lambaréné Organ Dysfunction Score (LODS), Signs of Inflammation in Children that Kill (SICK), and the Pediatric Early Death Index for Africa (PEDIA). Model discrimination was evaluated by comparing areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) and calibration was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Sub-analyses were performed in malaria versus non-malaria febrile illness (NMFI), and in early (≤48 hours) versus late (>48 hours) deaths.

Results

In total, 2089 children with known outcomes were included in the study (99 deaths, 4.7% mortality). All three scoring systems yielded good discrimination (AUCs, 95% confidence interval (CI): LODS, 0.90, 0.88 to 0.91; SICK, 0.85, 0.83 to 0.86; PEDIA, 0.90, 0.88 to 0.91). Using the Youden index to identify the best cut-offs, LODS had the highest positive likelihood ratio (+LR, 95% CI: LODS, 6.5, 5.6 to 7.6; SICK, 4.4, 3.9 to 5.0; PEDIA, 4.4, 3.9 to 5.0), whereas PEDIA had the lowest negative likelihood ratio (−LR, 95% CI: LODS, 0.21, 0.1 to 0.3; SICK, 0.22, 0.1 to 0.3; PEDIA, 0.16, 0.1 to 0.3), LODS and PEDIA were well calibrated (P = 0.79 and P = 0.21 respectively), and had higher AUCs than SICK in discriminating between survivors and non-survivors in malaria (AUCs, 95% CI: LODS, 0.92, 0.90 to 0.93; SICK, 0.86, 0.84 to 0.87; PEDIA, 0.92, 0.90 to 0.93), but comparable AUCs in NMFI (AUCs, 95% CI: LODS, 0.86, 0.83 to 0.89; SICK, 0.82, 0.79 to 0.86; PEDIA, 0.87, 0.83 to 0.893). The majority of deaths in the study occurred early (n = 85, 85.9%) where LODS and PEDIA had good discrimination.

Conclusions

All three scoring systems predicted outcome, but LODS holds the most promise as a clinical prognostic score based on its simplicity to compute, requirement for no equipment, and good discrimination.
Spontaneous Formation of Gold Nanoparticles with Octa(3-aminopropyl) Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane
Authors: Imoto Hiroaki , Ishida Katsuya , Sasaki Ai , Irie Yasuyuki , Ito Hideaki , Naka Kensuke , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: February 2015

Mixture of octa(3-aminopropyl) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS-NH2) and tetrachloroauric(III) acid under basic condition spontaneously produced gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The amino groups reduced Au(III) cation to Au(0) and interacted with the surface of AuNPs; POSS-NH2 worked as a reductant and a stabilizer at once. Sodium hydroxide partially hydrolyzed Si–O bonds of polyhedoral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) to generate SiO− species, which stabilized AuNPs via electrostatic interparticle repulsion to avoid aggregation. Addition of hydrochloric acid neutralized the amino groups of POSS-NH2, and generated NH3+ interacted with SiO− to form aggregates. That is, pH-responsive AuNPs were prepared through the facile method.
Price Subsidies, Diagnostic Tests, and Targeting of Malaria Treatment: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cohen Jessica , Dupas Pascaline , Schaner Simone
Published: February 2015

Both under- and over-treatment of communicable diseases are public bads. But efforts to decrease one run the risk of increasing the other. Using rich experimental data on household treatment-seeking behavior in Kenya, we study the implications of this trade-off for subsidizing life-saving antimalarials sold over-the-counter at retail drug outlets. We show that a very high subsidy (such as the one under consideration by the international community) dramatically increases access, but nearly one-half of subsidized pills go to patients without malaria. We study two ways to better target subsidized drugs: reducing the subsidy level, and introducing rapid malaria tests over-the-counter. (JEL D12, D82, I12, O12, O15)
Thar SHE Blows? Gender, Competition, and Bubbles in Experimental Asset Markets
Authors: Eckel Catherine C. , Füllbrunn Sascha C.
Published: February 2015

Do women and men behave differently in financial asset markets? Our results from an asset market experiment show a marked gender difference in producing speculative price bubbles. Mixed markets show intermediate values, and a meta-analysis of 35 markets from different studies confirms the inverse relationship between the magnitude of price bubbles and the frequency of female traders in the market. Women's price forecasts also are significantly lower, even in the first period. Implications for financial markets and experimental methodology are discussed. (JEL D14, D81, G01, G11, J16)
Self-Confirming Equilibrium and Model Uncertainty
Authors: Battigalli Pierpaolo , Cerreia-Vioglio Simone , Maccheroni Fabio , Marinacci Massimo
Published: February 2015

We analyze a notion of self-confirming equilibrium with non-neutral ambiguity attitudes that generalizes the traditional concept. We show that the set of equilibria expands as ambiguity aversion increases. The intuition is quite simple: by playing the same strategy in a stationary environment, an agent learns the implied distribution of payoffs, but alternative strategies yield payoffs with unknown distributions; increased aversion to ambiguity makes such strategies less appealing. In sum, a kind of “status quo bias” emerges; in the long run, the uncertainty related to tested strategies disappears, but the uncertainty implied by the untested ones does not. (JEL C72, C73, D81, D83)
Evidence for Countercyclical Risk Aversion: An Experiment with Financial Professionals
Authors: Cohn Alain , Engelmann Jan , Fehr Ernst , Maréchal Michel André
Published: February 2015

Countercyclical risk aversion can explain major puzzles such as the high volatility of asset prices. Evidence for its existence is, however, scarce because of the host of factors that simultaneously change during financial cycles. We circumvent these problems by priming financial professionals with either a boom or a bust scenario. Subjects primed with a financial bust were substantially more fearful and risk averse than those primed with a boom, suggesting that fear may play an important role in countercyclical risk aversion. The mechanism described here is relevant for theory and may explain self-reinforcing processes that amplify market dynamics. (JEL E32, E44, G01, G11, G12)
Barriers preventing Australian midwives from providing antenatal asthma management
Authors: McLaughlin Karen , Kable Ashley , Ebert Lyn , Murphy Vanessa E
Published: February 2015

International guidelines indicate that management of asthma during pregnancy should be multidisciplinary; however, the role of midwives has not been researched.

Method:

A qualitative descriptive study exploring Australian midwives' current knowledge about asthma in pregnancy and their perceived role in antenatal asthma management was conducted, involving individual semi-structured in-depth interviews with 13 midwives in a tertiary referral hospital. Data were analysed using Morse and Field's four-stage process.

Findings:

Midwives identified barriers preventing them from providing antenatal asthma management, including: lack of knowledge about asthma in pregnancy; time constraints; women's knowledge about asthma in pregnancy; lack of a clear referral pathway; and lack of accessible asthma management equipment. Barriers were influenced by the institutional context in which the midwives worked.

Conclusion:

While participants identified barriers preventing them from providing recommended antenatal asthma management, they also suggested that improving their knowledge about asthma in pregnancy and developing a clear referral pathway may be beneficial.
Candida and breastfeeding
Authors: Duncan Deborah
Published: February 2015

Candida albicans is the most common occurring of the candida species found as a commensal on mucosal tissue of mother and child. As a pathogen it can cause a distressing fungal infection for both mother and baby resulting in nipple and breast pain for the women and feeding difficulties for the infant. Clinicians can often presume that these symptoms are due to C. albicans, which has resulted in an overuse of systemic antifungal therapy in many of these patients. It is therefore important to ensure that there is a clear diagnosis and that the problem can be treated appropriately.
The effect of pelvic compression on deep abdominal muscle thickness during the active straight leg raise test
Authors: Brizzolara Kelli , Wang-Price Sharon , Roddey Toni , Wilson Iseult
Published: February 2015

Background/Aims:

The estimated prevalence of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain is 13–30% in patients with non-specific low back pain. One common presentation is pain at or near the SIJ, and common physical therapy interventions include lumbopelvic stabilisation programmes and pelvic compression belts. The aim of this study was to: i) assess how compression of the SIJ affects the thickness of the deep abdominal muscles during the active straight leg raise (ASLR); ii) determine between-day intra-tester reliability of ultrasound imaging to assess percentage change in thickness of the deep abdominal muscles.

Methods:

Participants (n=15) with unilateral symptoms near the SIJ and age-matched and sex-matched controls (n=15) were recruited for this study. Ultrasound imaging was used to obtain the thickness of the transverse abdominis (TrA) and internal oblique (IO) muscles. Measurements were taken at rest and during the ASLR, with and without pelvic compression.

Results:

Two separate two-way (group × pelvic compression) analysis of variance (ANOVA) designs with repeated measures were used to analyse the thickness of the TrA and IO muscles; interactions were not significant for percentage change in the TrA (p=0.57) or IO (p=0.10) muscles. Intra-tester reliability was higher when testing with pelvic compression and in the control group (ICC: 0.85–0.89 vs 0.70–0.76).

Conclusions:

Pelvic compression did not immediately affect the muscular response of the TrA or IO muscles during the ASLR. Pelvic compression belts may be used to address the passive systems of the pelvis by increasing stability; however, specific localised exercises may be needed to improve the percentage change in thickness of the deep abdominal muscles during the ASLR.
The devolution of social security benefits in Scotland: the Smith Commission
Authors: Spicker Paul
Published: February 2015

The United Kingdom is a unitary state, and social security benefits are some of the most centralised services in it. The powers of the Scottish Parliament in relation to benefits have been heavily restricted, to the point where they have fewer formal powers than an English local authority. Despite that, the Scottish Government has sought to use the limited authority it does have to mitigate the effect of UK welfare reforms. Following the independence referendum campaign, and the commitment of all UK parties to devolve greater powers, various options for devolution have been discussed, including powers over particular benefits. There are financial and administrative constraints to overcome, and potential problems wherever benefits interact with each other. The Smith Commission has recommended limited devolution, including a range of benefits relating to disability and elements of housing support, along with a power to create new benefits. This has to be done within a firmly hierarchical structure of authority, and there is scope for conflict as the detailed terms are negotiated and clarified.
Semana Santa Processions as viewed by Galdós and Alas
Authors: Bly Peter
Published: February 2015

Resumen: Tanto Benito Pérez Galdós como Leopoldo Alas criticaban duramente en sus obras literarias las prácticas contemporáneas de la Iglesia Católica en España, lo que les granjeaba a su vez la repulsión de muchos clérigos y fieles devotos. Sin embargo, en sus respectivas novelas controvertidas– Gloria (1878) y La Regenta (1884-85)—ambos autores presentan ejemplos de una verdadera fe espiritual en algunos personajes, que se registra en las caras y ojos de las estatuas religiosas que llevan con mucha pompa los llamados devotos en Semana Santa. Existe la fuerte posibilidad de que ejerciera Gloria una gran influencia sobre La Regenta en el desarrollo de este tema. Abstract: Galdós and Alas, both strongly critical of, and criticized by, the Catholic Church in Spain during their lifetime, give powerful representations in their respective novels— Gloria (1878) and La Regenta (1884-85)—of a true faith in some characters, which is projected unto the faces and eyes of the statues paraded in the holy Week processions. There is a strong possibility that the earlier novel influenced the later one in the development of this topic.
Sexual Desire and the Nautical and Solar Motifs in Emilia Pardo Bazán’s Insolación
Authors: Smith Jennifer
Published: February 2015

Resumen: Este ensayo estudia el motivo naútico en Insolación (1889), escrita por Emilia Pardo Bazán, principalmente en los capítulos seis y siete. En gran medida inadvertidas por la crítica, estas imágenes marítimas subrayan el tema del deseo sexual femenino en la breve relación amorosa de Asís con un teniente de navío antes de su matrimonio, y su posterior deseo por Diego Pacheco. Estas imágenes, combinadas con las referencias al sol como una fuerza erótica y a Apolo, Cibeles y Venus, sugieren que el deseo sexual es el verdadero protagonista de la novela, y que Pacheco sirve principalmente como el catalizador que despierta la libido latente de Asís. Abstract: This essay studies the nautical motif in Emilia Pardo Bazán’s 1889 novel, Insolación , principally in chapters six and seven. Largely ignored by critics, this maritime imagery serves to underscore the theme of female sexual desire in both the protagonist’s brief liaison with a navy lieutenant before her marriage and her current desire for Diego Pacheco. This imagery, along with references to the sun as an erotic force and to Apollo, Cybele, and Venus, suggests that Asís’s repressed sexual desire is the real protagonist of the novel and that Pacheco serves mainly as a catalyst to awaken Asís’s dormant libido.
La princesa, el granuja y el obrero condenado: El retrato de las clases sociales en dos cuentos fantásticos de galdós
Authors: Tang Wan Sonya
Published: February 2015

Resumen: El presente trabajo examina el retrato que hace Galdós de las distintas clases sociales, y en particular el retrato polifacético de la clase obrera, en dos cuentos fantásticos del autor: “Una industria que vive de la muerte” (1865) y “La princesa y el granuja” (1877). Partiendo de los estudios de Victor Fuentes, Julio Rodríguez-Puértolas y John Sinnegen sobre la evolución del concepto galdosiano de las clases sociales, este artículo propone que Galdós ya simpatizaba con protagonistas de la clase obrera en algunas publicaciones tempranas, así matizando la idea de un giro ideológico hacia esta clase a partir de Fortunata y Jacinta . Abstract: This paper examines Galdós’s representation of distinct social classes, particularly his multifaceted portrait of the working class, in two of the author’s lesser known fantastic short stories: “Una industria que vive de la muerte” (1865) and “La princesa y el granuja” (1877). Building on Victor Fuentes, Julio Rodríguez-Puértolas, and John Sinnegen’s work on Galdós’s evolving social sympathies, the present study proposes that Galdós painted working class protagonists in a sympathetic light long before Fortunata y Jacinta , generally considered the turning point in the evolution of the author’s class conceptions.
Is the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale Applicable to Ethnic Chinese Students? Psychometric Properties and Cultural Considerations
Authors: Han Der-Yan , Chen Sue-Huei
Published: February 2015

The Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale has been applied widely. However, there is no complete report on the reliability and validity of its Chinese version (ATSPPHS-C). A total of 353 Taiwanese undergraduates completed the ATSPPHS-C, Help-Seeking Willingness Scale, Symptom Check List–90R, and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. The ATSPPHS-C had satisfactory psychometric properties, and the different functions of each subscale could be applied differently to assess the help-seeking characteristics of these ethnic Chinese (i.e., Taiwanese) individuals. To lessen stigmas hindering Taiwanese people from comfortably expressing their problems, mental health professionals can explore subjective concerns from the perspective of somatic symptoms and then move on to the underlying psychological distress.
Mental Health Help-Seeking Behaviors Among Asian American Community College Students: The Effect of Stigma, Cultural Barriers, and Acculturation
Authors: Han Meekyung , Pong Helen
Published: February 2015

According to the 2008 U.S. Census, there are 15.5 million Asian Americans in the United States, and 17% are students enrolled in a university (Shea & Yeh, 2008). Asian American college students in higher education are oftentimes perceived as the “model minority” with high academic achievements and few mental and/or behavioral problems (Park, 2010). In contrast to this general assumption, studies have shown that many Asian American college students suffer from psychological distress (Abe-Kim et al., 2007; Breaux, Matsuoka, & Ryujin, 1997; Lee et al., 2009; Mallinckrodt, Shigeoka, & Suzuki, 2005; Nguyen & Anderson, 2005). In fact, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2008) highlighted considerable disparities in mental health among racial/ethnic groups, including the fact that Asian Americans 15–24 years old have significantly higher suicidal rates than do other racial/ethnic groups of the same age range. Researchers have attributed this mental health disparity to Asian students’ underutilization of professional services. Consequently, a growing number of empirical studies have been conducted to identify the contributors to low mental health service utilization (Abe-Kim et al., 2007; Kim & Park, 2009; Lee et al., 2009; Nguyen & Anderson, 2005; Umemoto, 2004). These studies have found that acculturation, cultural barriers, and stigma attached to mental health problems are common factors that significantly contribute to Asian American college students’ low mental-health-seeking behaviors. However, based on the authors’ knowledge, these studies have focused on Asian American students who attend 4-year colleges. There is very little known about Asian American students attending 2-year community colleges, who comprise over 40% of Asian American undergraduates enrolled in higher education (Park, 2010).
On (Un)common Ground: Transforming from Dissonance to Commitment in a Service Learning Class
Authors: Naudé Luzelle
Published: February 2015

Through the lenses of transformative and experiential learning theory, this article describes South African psychology students’ transformational journey while doing service-learning in a rural community. The reflection reports of five cohort groups (2006 to 2010), capturing students meaning making experiences and interpretations during community engagements, is analysed by means of a hybrid approach of inductive and deductive thematic analysis. Through the boundary crossings facilitated by service-learning, this research unpacks students’ iterative transformational learning cycles towards more complex cognitive processes, more sophisticated perspectives of the self and society, deepened emotional realisations, and recommitment to act as, and challenge others to be, socially responsible citizens of South Africa. A contextual adaptation of the existing transformational service-learning process model is provided. Lastly, an argument is made for how service-learning and reflective practice provide ideal opportunities for the teaching of relevant and socially responsive psychology.
The Impact of Social Capital on the Access, Adjustment, and Success of Southeast Asian American College Students
Authors: Palmer Robert T. , Maramba Dina C.
Published: February 2015

Given that Southeast Asian American (SEAA) students are severely underrepresented in higher education and less likely to persistence to graduation compared to other ethnic groups in the Asian American Pacific Islander (AAPI) community, this study explored critical factors to their college success. Indeed, several themes emerged from this national sample of 34 participants from five public, four year colleges and universities. In this present article, we discuss one of the salient themes—the role of social capital as facilitators of college access and success. This article concludes with implications for research and practice.
The Conduct System and Its Infuence on Student Learning
Authors: Stimpson Matthew T. , Janosik Steven M.
Published: February 2015

In this study, 7 items were used to define a composite variable that measures the perceived effectiveness of student conduct systems. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to test the relationship between perceived level of system effectiveness and self-reported student learning. In the analyses, 49% of the variance in reported learning outcomes was explained by the composite variable. How a conduct system is administered has a dramatic influence on how much is learned by students who interact with that system. When conduct officers view the concepts of due process and fundamental fairness as system efficacy, they are more apt to generate the type of intentional practice advanced by Lancaster (2006). Intentional practice requires student conduct professionals to engage in processes that are timely, fair, explanative, respectful, and facilitative, and that foster student learning.
Do Fraternities and Sororities Inhibit Intercultural Competence?
Authors: Martin Georgianna L. , Parker Gene , Pascarella Ernest T. , Blechschmidt Sally
Published: February 2015

This study explored the impact of fraternity and sorority affiliation on students’ development of intercultural competence over four years of college at 11 institutions. Prior research admonishes fraternities and sororities for being largely heterogeneous organizations that detract from institutional efforts to create a culturally competent student body. In the present study, fraternity and sorority members did not differ from their unaffiliated peers on their development of intercultural competence during college. Implications for higher education and student affairs practice and intercultural competence among fraternity/sorority communities is discussed.
Anti-Jacobin Fiction and the Eighteenth-Century Traditions of the Novel: Robert Bisset, Isaac D’Israeli, and the Novel’s Reclamation
Authors: Rooney Morgan
Published: February 2015

This paper argues that Robert Bisset’s and Isaac D’Israeli’s fictions engage in a critical appraisal of the novel, constructing a canon committed to the “real” and the “factual.” This framing of the genre allows Bisset and D’Israeli to enlist the novel, so defined, as an ally of British order. Their efforts reveal the surprisingly inclusive nature of the anti-Jacobin canon and its overriding concern with questions of representation rather than morality; they also anticipate significant developments in early nineteenth-century British literary culture, including Henry Fielding’s ascendancy over Samuel Richardson and the emergence of the discourse that facilitated the novel’s legitimatization.
Strategies of Toleration: Talking Across Confessions in the Alpine Republic of Letters
Authors: Barnett Lydia
Published: February 2015

This article explores the conversational dynamics of a transnational and multi-confessional epistolary community in order to assess the complex ways that allegiance in multiple networks shaped the production of knowledge in the early Enlightenment. By looking closely at an epistolary network of Catholic scholars from northern Italy and Protestant scholars from Switzerland, the article argues that deeply-felt differences of country and confession were not only compatible with, but may have actually generated commitment to, the Republic of Letters. At the same time, the diversity within this network of scholars shaped the kind of knowledge they jointly produced. The strategies they improvised in their epistolary exchanges redefined their mutual field of study: the natural history of the earth and of the mountains that both divided and united them.
Artisanal Knowledge, Expertise, and Patronage in Early Eighteenth-Century Paris: The Société Des Arts (1728–36)
Authors: Bertucci Paola , Courcelle Olivier
Published: February 2015

The paper focuses on the Société des Arts, an assembly of artisans and savants that gathered in Paris in the early eighteenth century. Contrary to previous studies that have considered the Société an unsuccessful precedent to the Encyclopédie , it discusses the Société des Arts as a cultural experiment by which a number of artisans presented themselves as a new kind of experts whose knowledge was essential to the economic advancement of the French state. The paper reassesses also the relationship between the Société des Arts and the Académie Royale des Sciences in light of a body of hitherto unknown documents that have recently surfaced.
Sentiment and the Law: Inventing the Category of the Wretched Slave in the Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo, 1783–1812
Authors: Hontanilla Ana
Published: February 2015

This essay explores the idea of the “pious humaneness” of the Spanish monarchy as it manifested in the legal and judicial activities of the Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo . In the 1780s, two new imperial policies relating to slavery held the potential to improve slaves’ lives. I focus on slaves’ power to denounce and correct neglect or abusive punishment in light of the new imperial policies. I reexamine social historians’ assumption that laws related to “humane” treatment were not enforced. They often were, and were several times even strengthened over masters’ objections. Slave treatment was a social order problem.
Anna Seward and the Many (After) Lives of Major André: Trauma, Mourning and Transatlantic Literary Legacy
Authors: Richman Jared S.
Published: February 2015

This essay traces the publication history and reception of Anna Seward’s Monody on Major André and considers its impact on Anglo-American literary history and cultural memory. By marking the deepening ideological rift between Britain and America, Seward’s Monody and the many literary works that followed it captured a feeling of conflicted loyalties by rallying both British patriotism and American sympathy. Paradoxically, by remembering André’s death collectively, these works of transatlantic literary mourning can be seen to mark both a moment of political rupture and a reunification of divided Anglo-American culture.
After Care: Controlling and Helping Care Leavers in a Community of Foster Care
Authors: Sköld Johanna
Published: February 2015

Contemporary studies of young adults leaving out-of-home care signal that many are highly vulnerable to unemployment, teenage pregnancies, suicide, and poverty. In recent years, the need for broader support for care leavers has been underlined in several policy documents in Sweden and elsewhere. Yet, this is not a new phenomenon; the risk of social exclusion was also debated in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries within the context of boarding-out organizations. By introducing governmental techniques for monitoring, boarding-out organizations aimed at controlling and helping care leavers after being discharged. However, the care leavers themselves also actively used the organizations for their own purposes and needs. This article explores how a Swedish boarding-out organization—the industrial school of Prince Carl—monitored care leavers after they had been discharged from the organization from 1877 to 1902. It is argued that a stable and continuously operating institution geographically located in the same area for a long time could have been crucial for care leavers’ opportunities to actively use the means of the boarding-out institution as a resource for help and support later in life.
Victim Capital and the Language of Money: The Norwegian Process of Inquiries and Apologies
Authors: Ericsson Kjersti
Published: February 2015

Like several other countries, Norway has carried out inquiries into the treatment received in the recent past by some of society’s most vulnerable members. Care leavers and war children (people born during World War II with Norwegian mothers and German fathers) both have experienced inquiries, public apologies, and payment of reparations, and in this process, both have been recognized as people who have been wronged and have suffered through no fault of their own. They have acquired victim capital. However, when the amount of suffering is to be translated into large or small sums of money, the size of reparations paid carries a symbolic message. To groups or individuals whose applications for reparations are not granted, the refusal may take on an existential meaning. In Norway a host of different local arrangements for the payment of reparations have exacerbated this problem.
“Altars to the Beautiful Necessity”: The Significance of F. W. J. Schelling’s “Philosophical Inquiries in the Nature of Human Freedom” in the Development of Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Concept of Fate
Authors: Greenham David
Published: February 2015

Ralph Waldo Emerson’s 1860 essay “Fate” has long been recognised as one of his most important essays. This paper is the first to examine the significance for Emerson of his reading of F. W. J. Shelling’s “Inquiry into the Nature of Human Freedom” using the unpublished manuscript of James Elliot Cabot’s translation of Schelling from the 1840s (Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe). I locate Emerson’s reading of the MS against the backdrop of his own intellectual development as recorded in his journals from 1822 to 1859, working out in what ways Schelling’s work influenced and supported his ever changing conception of fate.
The Intertwining of Culture and Nature: Franz Boas, John Dewey, and Deweyan Strands of American Anthropology
Authors: Torres Colόn Gabriel Alejandro , Hobbs Charles A.
Published: February 2015

This article argues that John Dewey, influenced by Franz Boas and early American anthropology, made the first attempt to understand nature from a modern anthropological perspective. We first explain how Boas helped develop the culture concept, which played a key role in the development Dewey’s own understanding of experience. In support of our interpretation of Dewey’s anthropology of nature, we conclude with some consideration of how Dewey’s anthropological philosophy served as an inspiration for anthropologists Ruth Benedict, Gene Weltfish, Alexander Lesser, and Leslie White.
Benedetto Varchi on the Soul: Vernacular Aristotelianism between Reason and Faith
Authors: Sgarbi Marco
Published: February 2015

In this paper, I wish to present the first full-fledged investigation of Benedetto Varchi’s manuscript writings on psychology, which show the depth of his familiarity with philosophy and his originality as a thinker. In particular, I wish to show that Varchi was not an Averroist. Rather in the manuscript Varchi rejects Averroistic doctrines and seeks to reconcile Aristotelian psychology with the truth of religion. In so doing, Varchi appropriates Themistius’s interpretation of Aristotle through the filter of Marcantonio Zimara’s writings, which allows him to support the immortality and indivisibility of the human soul while safeguarding the doctrines of Christian faith.
Cartesian Meteors and Scholastic Meteors: Descartes against the School in 1637
Authors: Petrescu Lucian
Published: February 2015

This paper presents the scientific project of Descartes’s Meteors (1637) and integrates it in the development of Descartes’s thought. It assesses Descartes’s publication strategies and the reception of the essay, while drawing attention on its opposition to contemporary Aristotelian meteorology. I argue that Descartes is concerned in The Meteors with advancing an anti-qualitative physics on the basis of an ontological reduction of real accidents to modes. I then analyses Descartes’s nominalist critique of the late-scholastic notion of body from Replies VI, The World and Rule XIV.
Myth, Science, and the Power of Music in the Early Decades of the Royal Society
Authors: Butler Katherine
Published: February 2015

While the Royal Society’s experimental and mathematical investigations of the 1660-90s opened up new areas of acoustical knowledge, these did not simply overturn older traditions of musical wisdom. Fellows continued to draw on stories of music’s power contained in Classical mythology and Ancient history, as well as more contemporary anecdotes. Considering how they used, evaluated, and interpreted these stories, this study reveals the interdependence of myth, anecdote, and scientific thought in the Royal Society’s musical investigations. Their blending of Humanism with empirical philosophy proved a productive site for developing new conceptions of musical creativity and purpose.
Cynicism and the Cultural Imaginary: Bret Easton Ellis’s Imperial Bedrooms
Authors: Matthews Graham J.
Published: February 2015

This article explores Bret Easton Ellis’s negotiation in Imperial Bedrooms (2010) of what the German philosopher Peter Sloterdijk has identified as the paradox of “enlightened false consciousness” constitutive of cynical reason. My claim is that the novel extends Sloterdijk’s critique by short-circuiting the logic of cynical reason through the open display of seemingly sincere statements that have inevitably emerged from artifice. In particular, I consider the challenges inherent in constructing a critique from within a cynical society in which no speech act can be legitimated, justified, or grounded.
Elvis Has Left the Country: Marronage in Chris Abani’s GraceLand
Authors: Fehskens Erin M.
Published: February 2015

This article considers the modes of resistance employed by Elvis Oke, the teenage protagonist of Chris Abani’s GraceLand (2005). I argue that the novel encrypts creative marronage in Elvis’s actions to draw them together into a sustained critique of Nigerian masculinity and state-sponsored terror. Creative marronage refers to practices of cultural resistance and conscious self-displacement whose features conceptually and tactically align with historical acts of resistance and displacement performed by self-emancipated slaves in the American Tropics. The connection to a wider geographical concept of the Americas also draws Elvis into a black Atlantic tradition of resistance to the colonial and neo-colonial powers that enslave people and underdevelop regions of the Global South. Read through the concept of marronage, Oke’s desultory behavior and unusual characteristics become more purposive, and the novel gains traction as a consideration of class struggle, gendered violence, and alternative nationalisms.
Haniel Long’s Pittsburgh Memoranda : Documentary Form and 1930s Political Poetry
Authors: Begnal Michael S.
Published: February 2015

Recent studies of 1930s political poetry understandably tend to look at the period through a Marxist lens, but as a result they neglect Haniel Long’s innovative documentary poem Pittsburgh Memoranda (1935). This essay seeks to recover Long—who was not a Marxist, though certainly a political radical—in order to arrive at a more complete picture of both the documentary genre and the cultural work of the times, complementing and complicating the existing scholarship. It argues for the importance of Long’s idiosyncratic political and aesthetic stances and puts him in conversation with contemporary Marxist poets and critics, utilizing Edwin Rolfe and Stanley Burnshaw as examples. Further, it positions Long’s work as a forerunner to and possibly an influence on Muriel Rukeyser’s “The Book of the Dead” (1938). Thus, this essay restores Long to the discussion about the political poetry of the Thirties generally and the documentary political poem more specifically.