bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El principio de proporcionalidad como canon de constitucionalidad: una aproximación al caso ecuatoriano
Authors: López Hidalgo Sebastián
Published: July 2017

Debido a que un grado de legitimidad del ejercicio de las funciones jurisdiccionales104 puede ser apreciado a través de la utilización y puesta en práctica de ciertos parámetros o cánones objetivos del control de constitucionalidad, como por ejemplo, el principio de proporcionalidad; un análisis de dicho instrumento jurídico puede resultar relevante a efectos de justificar un grado de intervención racional y controlable del órgano jurisdiccional sobre la obra del legislador.

Es verdad que existen otros principios, técnicas argumentales, métodos de interpretación o herramientas jurídicas que son utilizadas por la Cortes Constitucionales o Tribunales Constitucionales contemporáneas en el ejercicio de su actividad de control, sin embargo, fijar una precisión conceptual del principio, analizar su estructura y composición como método, así como, evidenciar al principio de proporcionalidad como parámetro o canon objetivo de constitucionalidad y fuente de legitimidad de la revisión judicial en la Corte ecuatoriana, es el objetivo del presente artículo.
La masonería y la Segunda República española (1931-1939)
Authors: Núñez Rivero Cayetano
Published: July 2017

Este trabajo se centra en la influencia de la masonería en la configuración y desarrollo de la Segunda República Española. Tras realizar algunas consideraciones metodológicas de principio, este artículo analiza la relación entre los valores y principios masónicos y los valores y principios republicanos para, a continuación, centrarse en la relación de la institución masónica con el Derecho positivo republicano.
Enrique Álvarez Conde et al. (Coords.), Deontología, Principios Jurídicos Básicos e Igualdad
Authors: Polo Sabau José Ramón
Published: July 2017

La voluminosa obra que es objeto de esta reseña, al frente de cuya coordinación se encuentra el profesor Álvarez Conde –prolífico impulsor, como es notorio, de un número ya casi incontable de estudios, proyectos investigadores y obras colectivas en muy diversas facetas del Derecho público– y que ha sido redactada por un nutrido grupo de especialistas pertenecientes a diversas áreas de conocimiento, primordialmente, pero no solo, en el ámbito de la ciencia jurídica, presenta unas características específicas que responden, a su vez, a determinadas necesidades docentes derivadas de la implantación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior.
Sonsoles Arias Guedon, Las Constituciones de los Länder de la República Federal de Alemania. Contenido, garantías y posición en el ordenamiento jurídico alemán
Authors: Simón Yarza Fernando
Published: July 2017

Hace ya más de una década que, en nuestro país, se viene hablando de la necesidad de acometer una reforma del Estado autonómico. Se ha advertido con frecuencia que, sin perjuicio del importante papel que el Título VIII ha desempeñado en nuestra historia reciente, son muchos sus elementos mejorables. A propósito de una eventual reforma constitucional, el examen de modelos comparados se ha traducido en numerosas monografías en nuestra literatura constitucional, muchas de los cuales han puesto su foco de atención en Alemania. Ahora bien, el interés suscitado en España por el federalismo alemán viene de antiguo.
Efficacy of b-glucans and manna oligosaccharides (Yeast Cell Wall) and hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) in preventing aflatoxicosis in bovine calves
Authors: Naseer Omer , Khan Jawaria , Khan Muhammad , Omer Muhammad , Avais Muhammad , Sohail Muhammad , Saleem Muhammad , Shahid Muhammad
Published: July 2017

The objective of this study was to determine the response of bovine calves against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in terms of feed consumption, hematological and serum biochemical parameters and to compare the efficacy of two different mycotoxin adsorbents, in vitro and in vivo. 36 bovine calves were divided into 4 groups. Group A was fed AFB1 added feed with the addition of â-glucans and Mannan oligosaccharides (Yeast Cell Wall), group B was fed AFB1 with hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) and group C was fed AFB1 contaminated feed without addition of mycotoxin binders while group D was kept as negative control. AFB1 was given by gelatinized capsules at a dose rate of 1.0mg/ kg/ animal/ day. Results revealed average daily feed intake (ADFI) of AFB1 treated bovine calves significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) and all hematological parameters i.e; TEC, HGB, TLC, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes, MCHC, HCT and MCH decreased significantly (P less than 0.05). Moreover, serum levels of AST, ALT, Creatinine and BUN were significantly increased (P less than 0.05) in response to AFB1. When compared between groups, YCW significantly (P less than 0.05) improved the feed consumption of bovine calves while HSCAS significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) the AFB1 induced deleterious alterations in hematology and serum biochemistry.
Bacillus subtilis, essential oil, chromium and glucose as sow pack alters the performance, immune and stress on pregnant sows and piglets
Authors: Nguyen D. H. , Lan R. , Kim I.
Published: July 2017

A total of 26 (Landrace × Yorkshire) sows were randomly allotted to two experimental dietary treatments: 1) basal diet (CON); 2) CON plus 0.28% sow pack (SP) to determine the effect of Bacillus subtilis, essential oil, chromium and glucose as sow pack supplementation on sows and piglets. During the overall study, sows fed the SP diet increased body weight of sow after weanling and farrowing, sow back-fat thickness on d 110 , average daily gain of piglets, the level of immunoglobulin-G (IgG) and insulin on d 14 lactating and after weanling and decreased body weight loss, the level of cortisol and glucose on d 14 lactating as well as the level of cortisol after weanling 3 d (P less than 0.05). In conclusion, the results indicated that supplementation of sow pack diet increased performance of sows and piglets, IgG, insulin of blood and decreased the cortisol and glucose in the blood profiles of sows.
Effect of LED light spectra on reproductive performance of Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Bairwa Mukesh , Saharan Neelam , Rawat Kiran , Tiwari Virendra , Prasad K.
Published: July 2017

The present study aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance of Koi carp, Cyprinus carpio exposed to different light spectra using light-emitting diodes, LEDs: blue (peak at 450nm), green (530 nm), yellow (580nm) and red (630nm) within a visible light under long photoperiod (16h, light : 8h, dark) at »0.9 W/m2 light intensity. White fluorescent light (simulated natural photoperiod, SNP) was used as control. The last 30 days of total experimental period (120 days), fishes from all the groups were uniformly exposed to green-LED light to assess the reproductive recovery. The highest levels of both male and female GSI, ova diameter, VTG and sex steroid hormones on 90th day were recorded in green-LED fish group. In case of male the highest concentration of 11-KT hormone was also found in green-LED fish group on 90th day. Yellow and red-LED fish groups showed significant lower level of above parameters compared to control (SNP) group. Yellow and red-LED fish group showed significant retrieval in gonadal maturation during the recovery period. Therefore, the present study indicates that green light accelerates gonadal maturation of koi carp and use of particular spectrum light likely to facilitates the more-energy efficient aquaculture practices.
Nutritional value of Phalaris minor seeds and its comparison with conventional cereal grains for livestock feeding
Authors: Kaur Jasmine , Thakur S. , Singh Mahendra
Published: July 2017

The aim of the present study was to determine the nutritional value of Phalaris minor seeds in comparison to conventional cereal grains. P. minor seeds had higher ether extract (6.3%), total ash (7.5%), acid insoluble ash (AIA, 4.5%), acid detergent fibre (ADF, 10.2%), cellulose (5.5%), acid detergent lignin (ADL, 2.0%), neutral detergent insoluble crude protein (NDICP, 4.0%) and acid detergent insoluble crude protein (ADICP, 2.7%) content in comparison to conventional cereal grains. The crude protein of P. minor seeds (12.3%) was similar to that of wheat (12.0%), but higher than other conventional cereal grains including maize (9.0%). The amino acid composition of P. minor seeds was more or less similar to conventional cereal grains. P. minor seeds had a superior mineral profile (Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) than conventional cereal grains. In vitro evaluation revealed that net gas production was lowest (P less than 0.05) in P. minor seeds (216.37 L/kg DM/24 h). The methane production (L/kg DM/24 h)from P. minor seeds (43.03)was lower (P less than 0.05) than that from wheat (54.33) and barley (57.35). The organic matter digestibility of P. minor seeds (83.27%) was similar to that of barley (81.69%).It was concluded that P. minor seeds could be considered as potential source of nutrients for livestock.
Extraction and characterization of chitin, chitosan and chitooligosaccharides from crab shell waste
Authors: Varun Tarun Kumar , Senani Waraj , Kumar Narender , Gautam Mayank , Gupta Ritika , Gupta Mokshata
Published: July 2017

An experiment was carried out to utilize the crab shell waste for the production of chitin by chemical extraction method. The obtained chitin was processed to make the more useful compound chitosan by deacetylation of chitin using strong NaOH solution at high temperature. Yield of chitin and chitosan from crab shell waste was found to be 12.2 % and 10.54 %, respectively. Chitosan was further used to produce chito-oligosaccharides (COS) by acid hydrolysis using 0.5 N H2SO4, 1N H2SO4 and 7N HCl at hourly intervals upto 6 hours and the average yield was 0.55, 0.84 and 1.93 mg/ml, respectively. Chitin and chitosan were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) technique which depicts different band representing various bonds present in the molecule and which were in agreement with the bands of standard chitin and chitosan. Further, COS were formed after acid hydrolysis of chitosan, which was characterized by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) using glucosamine as a standard.
Evaluation and comparison of immune responsiveness to sheep red blood cells, PHA-P and IBDV vaccine in divergent stocks of chicken
Authors: Pathak Prajwalita , Dubey P. , Dash S. , Deka D. , Raina Varinder
Published: July 2017

A total of 90 birds comprising two native breeds viz. Aseel and Kadaknath and one synthetic broiler stock i.e. IBL-80 were utilized to evaluate and compare antibody response to Sheep Red Blood Cells by haemagglutination test at 0, 5 and 10 days post primary inoculation, to study in vivo cell mediated immune response to mitogen Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA-P) and to evaluate immune responsiveness to IBDV vaccine. The presence of natural antibodies against SRBC was evident in all the genetic groups. All groups showed an increase in HA titre upto 10 days post immunization. The HA titre on 10 day was significantly higher in Aseel (1.88±0.10) followed by IBL-80 (1.13±0.05) and Kadaknath (1.09±0.06). However, the differences among Kadaknath and IBL-80 at day 10 PPI were failed to attain statistical significance. The in vivo cell mediated response to mitogen was highest in Aseel (0.68 mm) followed by IBL-80 (0.59 mm) and Kadaknath (0.43 mm).There was significant difference between the layer breeds for response to phytoheamagglutinin but IBL-80 was not significantly differ from both Aseel and Kadaknath. The titre values for IBDV were lowest before immunization and got increased during 7, 14, 21 DPI. At 14 DPI the titre value were significantly different in all the breeds in which Aseel exhibited the highest titre value (2.96±0.04) followed by IBL-80 (2.77±0.09) and Kadaknath (2.64±0.06). It was found that at 21 DPI antibody response was highest in all the breeds, however differences in titre value at 21 DPI in different breeds were not significantly different.
Den habitat selection of the chinese bamboo rat (Rhizomys sinensis) in Northern Guangxi China
Authors: Bao-dong YUAN , Yang PAN , Yong-feng YAN
Published: July 2017

A habitats comprises a range of environmental features that provide adequate resources for wildlife to survive. Consequently, the criteria of habitat selection by animals, combines a wider spectrum of both environmental and other factors, with major prerequisites being food resources, availability of shelter and suitable conditions for reproduction. The den habitat selection of the Chinese bamboo rat (Rhizomys sinensis) was studied in Yuanbaoshan Nature Reserve, Guangxi China. The Vanderloeg and Scavia selectivity index (Ei) indicates that the Chinese bamboo rat shows a preference for all habitat features except for slope, slope position and distance to water (P>0.05). Chi-square goodness of fit test showed that canopy density, shelter from wind, distance between shrubs, shrub density, elevation, southern aspect, human disturbance and food abundance, were the preferred features (P less than 0.05). With regards to human disturbance, the Chinese bamboo rat preferred places >1000 m away from human habitation. An eastern and southern sloping direction, a 20°^~40° slope and an elevation range of >1800m were more frequently used. The Chinese bamboo rat prefers habitats lying above 1000m in elevation with high shrub density (with shrub separation under 0.1m). Principle component analysis indicates that concealment factors, geographical factors, interference factors, food factors, and water factors affect the den habitat character of the Chinese bamboo rat. Our results support the notion that the habitat preferences of the Chinese bamboo rat are a tradeoff between suitable habitat features and avoidance of potential human interactions.
Evaluation of meat quality characteristics of imported chilled lambs in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Owaimer A. , Suliman G. , Hussein E.
Published: July 2017

This study was carried out to evalaute meat qaulity characteristics of imported chilled lambs in Saudi Arabia. Eighteen Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle samples of three imported breeds (Sawakni, Pakistani and Australi) were used. Moisture and ether extract contents were significantly (P less than 0.05) different between the breeds. The breeds also showed significant (P less than 0.05) differences in yellowness (b*), water-holding capacity (WHC) and cooking loss percentage (CL). The best overall acceptability was showed by Australi breed followed by Pakistani. The superior WHC ratio was attained by Pakistani breed, while Austali breed showed the best CL%. The highest myofibril fragmentation index (MFI) value was scored by Pakistani breed followed by Australi. It is concluded that Australi breed was the best between the tested breeds followed by Pakistani and lastly Sawakni based on its superiority over the other two breeds in all sensory evaluation components.
Skp2 expression exhibits a negative correlation with P27Kip1 in lungs of SD rat stress model induced by lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Zhong Youbao , Hu Xiaofen , Guo Hui , Li Yong
Published: July 2017

In order to investigate action mechanism of Skp2 in SD rat stress model continuously challenged with LPS, not only the histopathological changes but also the distribution and expression of Skp2 and P27Kip1 were detected in lungs from SD rats by HE and immunohistochemistry staining respectively. According to present results, Skp2 and P27Kip1 mianly distributed in the epithelia of respiratory bronchioles, pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelia of bronchus and vascular endothelial, 
a few were located at alveolar wall. As well, area, IOD and IOD/area of Skp2 observably increased in LPS-treated rats (P less than 0.05 or Pless than 0.01), but IOD and IOD/area of P27Kip1 apparently decreased in LPS-treated rats (P less than 0.05 or P less than 0.01). In conclusion, moderate pathological changes existed in lungs from SD rat stress model challenged by LPS. Moreover, Skp2 high level was negatively correlated with P27Kip1 low expression in lungs, it is indicated that Skp2 probably became a key indicator during stress disease process
Prevalence of Bacillus anthracis spores in wool, hairs and habitat of small ruminants
Authors: Rajput Maryam , Kamboh Asghar , Dewani Parkash , Umrani Aslam , Abro Shahid , Khan Muhammad
Published: July 2017

The present study investigated the level of Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis) spores contamination in the soil, as well as in small ruminant’s wool/hair in Tharparkar, Pakistan. A total of 160 samples, including soil (n= 80), sheep wool (n= 40) and goat hair (n= 40) were collected from different areas of Tharparkar. Results showed that almost 33.75% samples were found positive for B. anthracis spores from soil, wool and hair; among those 66.25% were from outbreak area, having significantly higher (P less than 0.001) incidence than normal areas. Moreover, the soil samples exhibited higher positive prevalence (P less than 0.001) than  wool, which also had significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than hair samples. The samples taken from Mithi area exhibited higher (P less than 0.001) prevalence of B. anthracis, followed by Chachro, Diplo and Nangar Parkar (60.00, 30.00, 25.00 and 20.00%, respectively). The differences in area-wise prevalence were also significant ((P less than 0.05). The highest prevalence of B. anthracis spores was recorded in open area, followed by in earthen boundaries, and in confined houses (46.42, 30.76 and 23.00%, respectively). These results indicated that soil is a main source of B. anthracis spores, moreover, sheep wool harbor more spores than goat hair
Salafism, State Recognition and Local Tension: New Trends in Islamic Education in Lombok
Authors: Saparudin Saparudin
Published: July 2017

This paper explores the role of Salafi formal schools in the increasing influence and proliferation of Salafism in Lombok, East Indonesia, alongside the impacts of this process on educational culture and broader social contexts. Despite intense resistance from, and even violence by, traditionalist mainstream groups, the Salafi movement has developed steadily. This paper argues that the growth of Salafism in Lombok is influenced by contextualizing of proliferation strategies by integrating into Indonesian national education system and selecting of the greater Islamic traditions, rather than ideological and financial support from the Middle East, as it has been highlighted in previous studies and literature. By establishing officially certified schools and formal recognitions from the Indonesian government, the Salafi schools have found a way to successfully recruit a new young generation of Muslims in Lombok and beyond.
Método de la cadena de Markov-remuestreo-punto de rompimiento estructural del crecimiento económico
Authors: Hernández-del-Valle Adrián
Published: July 2017

Proponemos un método para la estimación de probabilidades “estructurales” de crecimiento y contracción económica, y lo aplicamos a México y los Estados Unidos. El método emplea cadenas de Markov con base en simulación y análisis de rompimientos estructurales. Según nuestro análisis, la probabilidad estructural de contracción real de la economía estadounidense en 2008 es de sólo 3%, aun en medio de toda la crisis hipotecaria. Por su parte, México se encuentra en una trampa de ingreso medio.
Permisos comerciables de emisión en Chile. Lecciones, desafíos y oportunidades para países en desarrollo
Authors: Calfucura Enrique , Coria Jessica , Sánchez José Miguel
Published: July 2017

Chile ha sido precursor en la utilización de programas de compensación de emisiones con el objetivo de compatibilizar el crecimiento económico con la protección medioambiental. En este trabajo se analiza la aplicación de programas de transacción de emisiones del área metropolitana de Santiago de Chile y se evalúa su pertinencia para países en desarrollo. Se argumenta que programas de transacción de emisiones pueden ser el mejor instrumento para enfrentar los problemas de contaminación del aire, incluso en el caso en que las capacidades institucionales no estén bien desarrolladas. Además, la incorporación del sistema de transportes dentro de los programas de transacción de emisiones, así como la posibilidad de avanzar hacia un sistema de transacción, en el que se traten diferentes contaminantes, son elementos novedosos y relevantes en el contexto de las políticas para el control de la contaminación atmosférica. No obstante, dichas innovaciones comprenden elementos más complejos en la elaboración de instrumentos de programas de transacción de emisiones.
The correlation between the use of personal protective equipment and level wild-type p53 of dental technicians in Surabaya
Authors: Rohmaniar Puspa Dila , Berniyanti Titiek , Rahayu Retno Pudji
Published: July 2017

Background: Exposure of metals among dental technicians that come from the working environment can lead to the formation reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can cause mutations in the p53 gene (p53). The mutation is transversion mutation GuanineThymine. p53 mutations can lead to low expression of the wild-type p53 protein (p53). Wild-type p53 involved in many biological processes such as regulation of genes involved in cell cycle, cell growth after DNA damage, and apoptosis. However, exposure to metals among dental technicians can be prevented through the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during work. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between the use of personal protective equipment to wild-type p53 protein levels among dental technicians in Surabaya. Method: This study was observational analytic with cross sectional approach. 40 samples were taken by random sampling. Data were retrieved through interviews and observations. Wild-type p53 was analyzed from saliva with indirect ELISA method. Analysis of data used Kolmogorov Smirnov normality test and a Pearson correlation test. Value significance was p<0.05 (95% confidence level). Result: There was a significant association between the use of personal protective equipment with wild-type p53 levels with p=0.002 Conclusion: The use PPE properly is positively correlated with the wild-type p53 protein levels of dental technicians in Surabaya.
The potentiation of Mangifera casturi bark extract on interleukin- 1β and bone morphogenic protein-2 expressions during bone remodeling after tooth extraction
Authors: Sukmana Bayu Indra , Budhy Theresia Indah , Ardani I Gusti Aju Wahju
Published: July 2017

Background: The main oral health problem in Indonesia is the high number of tooth decay. Tooth extraction is the treatment often received by patients who experience tooth decay and the wound caused by alveolar bone resorption. Bark of Mangifera casturi has been studied and proven to contain secondary metabolite which has the ability to increase osteoblast’s activity and suppress osteoclast’s activity. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) activities during bone remodeling after Mangifera casturi’s bark extract treatment. Method: This study was laboratory experimental research with randomized post-test only control group design. The Mangifera casturi bark was extracted using 96% ethanol maceration and n-hexane fractionation. This study used 40 male Wistar rats which are divided into 4 groups and the tooth extraction was performed on the rats’ right mandible incisive tooth. The four groups consisted of 6.35%, 12.7%, 25.4% extract treatment group, and a control group. Wistar’s mandibles were decapitated on the 7th and 14th day after extraction. Antibody staining on preparations for the examination of IL-1β and BMP-2 expressions was done using immunohistochemistry. Result: There was a significant difference of IL-1β and BMP-2 expressions in 6,35%, 12,7%, and 25,4% treatment groups compared to control group with p<0.05. Conclusion: Mangifera casturi’s bark extract was able to suppress the IL-1β expression and increase the BMP-2 expression during bone remodeling after tooth extraction.
CHEMOMETRIC EXAMINATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS ANALYSIS IN URINARY CALCULI
Authors: Petrova Violeta , Tašev Krste , Majda Bundaleska Jožica , Kuzmanovski Igor , Stafilov Trajče , Trpkovska Mira
Published: July 2017

A b s t r a c t: The content of Pb, Cd, Ni, Fe, Na and K was determined in sixteen samples of urinary calculi taken from patients in Macedonia. The trace elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and by flame emission spectrometry. The chemometric examination of the calculi was done by factor analysis. This chemometric method has been extensively used for classification purposes while solving different multidimensional problems. The results obtained from the analysis revealed that the highest correlation exists between the concentrations of lead and potassium. No significant correlation among other analyzed elements was found. The examination of the first two principal components (with 67 % variance captured) calculated from the autoscaled data matrix showed a clear separation between the composition of the calculi taken from male and from female patients, especially in the case of the calculi consisting of the two oxalates (whewellite and weddelite) and those composed of carbonate apatite in mixture with oxalates.
QUASI-PERIODIC SOLUTIONS TO THE RICCATI DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
Authors: Kujumdžieva-Nikoloska Marija , Mitevska Jordanka
Published: July 2017

A b s t r a c t: In this paper we give some conditions for existence of quasi-periodic solutions to the Riccati differential equation and find this solution in a case of a constant quasi-period.
AN ELEMENTARY AND INTRODUCTORY APPROACH TO FRACTIONAL CALCULUS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Authors: M. Srivastava Hari
Published: July 2017

A b s t r a c t: The subject of fractional calculus (that is, calculus of integrals and derivatives of any arbitrary real or complex order) has gained considerable popularity and importance during the past three decades or so, due mainly to its demonstrated applications in numerous seemingly diverse and widespread fields of science and engineering. It does indeed provide several potentially useful tools for solving differential and integral equations, and various other problems involving special functions of mathematical physics as well as their extensions and generalizations in one and more variables. The main object of this paper* is to present a brief elementary and introductory approach to the theory of fractional calculus and its applications especially in developing solutions of certain interesting families of ordinary and partial fractional differintegral equations. Relevant connections of some of the results presented in this lecture with those obtained in many other earlier works on this subject will also be indicated.
CRYSTALLIZATION OF POLYPROPYLENE: APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY PART II. CRYSTAL FORMS AND NUCLEATION
Authors: Raka Luljeta , Bogoeva-Gaceva Gordana
Published: July 2017

A b s t r a c t: The influence of homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation on crystallization processes of isotactic polypropylene(iPP) and its kinetic and thermodynamic parameters is summarized and discussed, as evaluated by DSC measurements.
FREE (n, n + k)-SEMIGROUPS
Authors: Dimovski Dončo
Published: July 2017

A b s t r a c t: In this paper we introduce the notion of (n, n + k)- semigroups, prove some properties about them, and give an algorithmic description of a free (n, n + k)-semigroup with a given basis.
APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN PARAMETER INFERENCE FOR DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS IN SYSTEMS BIOLOGY
Authors: Tanevski Jovan , Džeroski Sašo , Kocarev Ljupčo
Published: July 2017

A b s t r a c t: This paper proposes to use approximate instead of exact stochastic simulation algorithms for approximate Bayesian parameter inference of dynamical systems in systems biology. It first presents the mathematical framework for the description of systems biology models, especially from the aspect of a stochastic formulation as opposed to deterministic model formulations based on the law of mass action. In contrast to maximum likelihood methods for parameter inference, approximate inference methodsare presented which are based on sampling parameters from a known prior probability distribution, which gradually evolves tward a posterior distribution, through the comparison of simulated data from the model to a given data set of measurements. The paper then discusses the simulation process, where an overview is given of the different exact and approximate methods for stochastic simulation and their improvements that we propose. The exact and approximate simulators are implemented and used within approximate Bayesian parameter inference methods. Our evaluation of these methods on two tasks of parameter estimation in two different models shows that equally good results are obtained much faster when using approximate simulation as compared to using exact simulation.
PENYELARASAN ANTARA PERMINTAAN DENGAN PENYEDIAAN GURU PRODUKTIF BERDASARKAN SPEKTRUM KEAHLIAN DI SMK DALAM PERSPEKTIF DESENTRALISASI PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Tamrin A.G
Published: July 2017

Structuring expertise with the rising spectrum of competence and skill development of the ratio between the SMA: SMK is 30 SMA : 70 SMK has consequences on the fulfillment of teachers in vocational productive. Teachers' needs for productive subjects did in fact still not be met by LPTK and become increasingly difficult to meet due to teachers earning the required majority has not been organized by LPTK. The need for truly productive teachers perceived as an obstacle difficult to solve in the area. For that, the necessary alignment between demand with the supply of teachers by utilizing the model teacher's certification activities and cooperation between LPTK with Non LPTK with Local Government done with synergize the availability of customize and can be generated LPTK teacher and scholar who produced non LPTK but the field of knowledge in accordance with the requirements SMK.
Influence of Divorce on Academic Performance of Female Scholars in Masvingo High Schools and Colleges, Zimbabwe
Authors: Manwa Lilian
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study was to establish the influence of divorce on academic performance of female scholars in Masvingo High Schools and Colleges, Zimbabwe. This interpretive inquiry involved a descriptive survey in order to find out the influence of divorce on the academic performance of female students. In-depth interviews and open-ended questionnaires were used to collect data from forty participants from ten high schools and two colleges. A sample of forty participants was purposively selected from all the institutions. Early teen marriages were established as one of the major causes of divorce as young brides and grooms fail to understand the level of commitment they are expected of. Drug abuse, infidelity, lack of communication, poverty and migration were the factors that caused divorce. The study revealed that divorce like death causes grief and pain to the people involved especially females. It was noted that it is one of the major causes of stress and negatively impacts on academic performance of female scholars. The findings also revealed that most of the study time is spend trying to solve or adjust to the new life style. The study recommends that both the international and national communities to seriously look into the effects of divorce on scholars with the aim of trying to reduce the rate of divorce and its effects on people involved. Legislations that are pro women should be in place as they also severely punish culprits who recklessly break their marriages.
Re-‘Writing’ and Reconstructing History of Tripura through Image-Text-Culture Representation: An Analysis of Comicbook Senapati Ray Kachag
Authors: Gupta Archita
Published: July 2017

This paper attempts to analyze comic book Senapati Ray Kachag based on the fifteenth century chivalrous Reang General of King Dhanyamanikya, as a comprehensive document recording Tripura’s historical and geographical facts, history of art and culture through image and text. It presents a non-conventional and non- canonical history of Tripura. In the course of this paper attempts will also be made to explore the populist appeal of visual texts evidenced by the existing academic pedagogy of comprehending History through story boards. In comic book mould  the historical legend of Tripura, Ray Kachag and his story find an alternative expression using myth, folk-lore, folk life and culture as its ingredients and  reconstructs history concerning oral historical traces defying monolithic ‘writing’ .The inclusion of Jamichalang, a folk hero of Tripura is interesting as he eludes and deludes any historical traces. He is a historical as he denies age and time by resisting the prime determiner of canonical and conventional historical documentation viz. chronology. This paper explores this visual text as an interdisciplinary field of study linking history, culture and literature expanding the frontier of knowledge in the discipline of history. History is always accompanied with some obscurity and half-visibility, and this obscurity in fact, facilitates the canonical history formation that involves the politics of inclusion or exclusion. . Adapting the comic book medium, the writer –illustrator of Senapati Ray Kachag Alak Dasgupta presents a blending of fact and fiction, humour and history. The list of books in acknowledgement section is documented, conventional and canonical history written more or less from the perspective of royalty of Tripura. To consider Senapati Ray Kachag a conventional history or legend would be erroneous as no attempt has been made to situate him in such way so far. This paper thus aims to enforce the idea of folk culture and life of Tripura forming  a distinct thematic perspective,  reconstructing history tracing the presence of a culture  integral to  historical process but absent in  conventional and canonical history.
Effect of Service Quality and Price Perception on Corporate Image, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty among Mobile Telecommunication Services Provider
Authors: Hermawan Bambang , Basalamah Salim , Djamereng Asdar , Plyriadi Annas
Published: July 2017

This study aimed to analyze the effect of service quality and price to corporate, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty of mobile telecommunications services in the city of Makassar. Research conducted on customers of mobile telecommunications services by setting a sample of 225 respondents. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Model (SEM) through Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) Ver. 21. The results showed that the quality of the service directly positive and significant effect on corporate image and customer satisfaction. Service quality has a positive and insignificant effect on customer loyalty. Price perception has a positive and significant effect on corporate image, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Corporate image has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. Corporate image has a positive and insignificant effect on customer loyalty.
Surgimiento de empresas catalogadas como spin-off universitarias en Colombia, análisis desde la gerencia de proyectos (fase I)
Authors: López Obando Patricia
Published: July 2017

Rev.esc.adm.neg

En el entorno universitario, se viene fomentando la generación de spin-off como alternativa para la construcción de una cultura empresarial, para lo cual se han estructurado estrategias como las incubadoras de empresas de base tecnológica, desde las cuales se espera acelerar las ideas de negocio y posicionarlas en el mercado. Sin embargo, hasta el momento, no se cuenta con un estudio que permita establecer los alcances que se han obtenido respecto de su surgimiento, consolidación y conservación, por ello, se espera con gerencia de proyectos determinar las características bajo las cuales surgen, establecer las condiciones para su mantenimiento de manera exitosa y según esto determinar el tipo de gerencia que se desarrolla en su interior para verificar las variables que intervienen en su aporte al ambiente empresarial. Se pretende aquí realizar la revisión de literatura en torno al desarrollo de las spin-off en Colombia y su tratamiento en cuanto proyecto e investigación realizada a su alrededor
Comerciacoop, la cooperativa de los boyacenses, 20 años (1996-2016). un estudio de caso en la historia empresarial del sector cooperativo colombiano
Authors: Molina Rodríguez Carlos Alberto , Cano Cancelado Ingrith Marcela , Pedroza Buitrago Melissa
Published: July 2017

Rev.esc.adm.neg

Este artículo es resultado del proceso de investigación llevado a cabo para optar al título de administrador de empresas; actividad adelantada sobre la premisa de que la historia empresarial es válida en la formación de administradores de empresas. Comerciacoop, cooperativa boyacense de ahorro y crédito con 20 años de vida, detenta una historia particular. Así, aquí se presentan el contexto, el problema, los objetivos de la investigación; se describen el modelo y las técnicas utilizadas; se expone la historia de la Cooperativa; y se aventuran unas conclusiones donde resaltan la epifanía, los acontecimientos y los riesgos futuros del caso estudiado.
Meteorological Influences on Pheno–Morpho–Yield Data of Grain Sorghum Varieties in Central Italy
Authors: Orlandi Fabio , Bonofiglio Tommaso , Ruga Luigia , Fornaciari Marco
Published: July 2017

Core Ideas

Solar radiation was the first greatest forcing variable for the sorghum flowering.

Water table during summer and past fruit setting represented a limiting factor.

Sorghum morphological development was deeply influenced by precipitation.

Medium and long season sorghum varieties showed a yield homogeneity.

Brenus and Marcus varieties manifested low relationships with water soil and good yield performance.

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is widely grown in many arid and semiarid areas of the world due to its ability to yield well under rainfed or water‐limited conditions. In the present study some sorghum varieties (medium‐long season) have been studied in relationship with the principal meteorological variables considering also the drought effect in a favorable groundwater situation. The phenological adaptation, morphological and productive features during 11 yr of investigations from 2005 to 2015 in central Italy were evaluated. In the study area the soil water availability from emergence to flowering was high for all the varieties development considering that no significant phenological differences were evidenced also after flowering between the groups of sorghum cultivars. The plant vegetative development and in particular the flag leaf height was influenced by the low precipitation volumes recorded during 2007 and 2015 spring periods such as plant height particularly affected by extremely low rain volumes from May to July during the last study year. Moreover, seed numbers may be reduced if drought stress occurs immediately after seed set as a result of embryo abortion and the quite absent precipitations during summer 2007 (above all during August when average sorghum flowering is recorded) resulted in a reduction of kernel weight for almost all the varieties. The highest groundwater depth (conditioned by low precipitation volumes) recorded during 2015 determined a high water stress that may have influenced above all panicle size and consequently the number of seeds per panicle.
In‐Season Nitrogen Management to Increase Grain Yields in Maize Production
Authors: Pan Junxiao , Meng Qingfeng , Chen Riyuan , Cui Zhenling , Chen Xinping
Published: July 2017

Core Ideas

Optimal N rate treatment increased the maize yield and improved dry matter production and N accumulation post‐silking.

In‐season N management‐based post‐silking N management can synchronize soil N supply and plant N uptake.

Assessing the performance of leaf and root characteristics in response to post‐silking N management.

Post‐silking N accumulation positively correlates with maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield in production, but the effect of N management post‐silking is unclear. This study was to evaluate maize yield and physiological changes in response to in‐season nitrogen management (INM) with respect to post‐silking N fertilization of maize. Optimal nitrogen rates (ONR) were determined for INM by subtracting soil nitrate‐N content measured at the maize root layers from the target N value. Other treatments included a zero N (0N) post‐silking control with the same N application pre‐silking as ONR and excessive N treatment (Exc. N) with the same N application pre‐silking as ONR plus an additional application of 50% of the target N value post‐silking. The grain yield with ONR of the INM was 10.9 Mg ha−1, 17% higher than the 9.3 Mg ha−1 obtained with the 0N control post‐silking. The Exc. N treatment post‐silking did not increase maize yield, but resulted in a high residual soil Nmin after harvest. The high grain yield obtained with ONR showed markedly higher dry matter (DM) production and N accumulation post‐silking, with higher net photosynthesis and green leaf area than obtained with the 0N control post‐silking. Additional N application post‐silking also improved root development, as evidenced by the 18, 20, and 9% increase in root dry matter, root length, and root surface area densities for ONR compared to the 0N control. Results suggested that INM can synchronize soil N supply and plant N uptake throughout the growing season, thereby increasing maize grain yield.
Groundnut and Soybean Response to Nutrient Application in West Africa
Authors: Tarfa B. D. , Maman N. , Ouattara K. , Serme I. , Adeogun T. A. , Arunah U. L. , Wortmann C. S.
Published: July 2017

Core Ideas

Leguminous oil seed production is important in West Africa.

Well‐determined response functions are important for optimization of profit from nutrient application.

Crop response varied across Burkina Faso, Niger, and Nigeria.

Nutrient response functions were determined for different production areas.

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) are important crops in West Africa for food security and marketing. Yields are low, partly due to soil fertility constraints. High net returns to fertilizer use are needed by poor smallholder farmers. Well‐determined nutrient response functions are needed to make profit‐oriented decisions. On‐farm and on‐station trials were conducted in Burkina Faso, Niger, and Nigeria to determine such functions and to diagnose other nutrient deficiencies. All trials included four rates each of P and K. The mean responses to 15 kg ha−1 of applied P for groundnut were 0.40 in Nigeria and 0.36 and 0.19 Mg ha−1 in Niger with and without 2.5 Mg ha−1 manure applied, respectively. Groundnut did not respond to K, S, Zn, and B in Nigeria, to K in Niger, and to all nutrients in Burkina Faso. Mean soybean yield was increased in Nigeria with the application of 15, 5, 1, and 1 kg ha−1 of P, S, Zn, and B by 0.59, 0.23, 0.16, and 0.08 Mg ha−1, respectively, but decreased with K application. The mean yield increases with the diagnostic treatment of N–P–K–Mg–S–Zn–B compared to P–K were 0.11 and 0.36 Mg ha−1 for groundnut in Nigeria and Niger, respectively, and 0.23 Mg ha−1 for soybean in Nigeria. Application of P to soybean in Nigeria and groundnut in Nigeria and Niger has high profit potential but only if some manure is applied in Niger.
Effects of Positively Charged Dicyandiamide and Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources on Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Irrigated Corn
Authors: Waterhouse Hannah , Wade Jordon , Horwath William R. , Burger Martin
Published: July 2017

Synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer formulations vary in their effects as substrates on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Mitigation of N2O emissions can potentially be achieved through appropriate choice of N fertilizer sources combined with stabilizers. The effects of three N fertilizers and urease and nitrification inhibitors on N2O emissions, crop N uptake, and yields were determined in a furrow‐irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) system in Reiff loam soil in the Sacramento Valley of California for one growing season. Aqua ammonia (Aq. NH3), urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), and calcium nitrate were sidedressed at the rate of 202 kg N ha−1. The control treatment received only starter fertilizer (20 kg N ha−1). Total seasonal emissions were in the order Aq. NH3 > UAN > calcium nitrate = control with 1.38, 0.97, 0.35, and 0.27 kg N2O‐N ha−1, respectively. A novel, positively charged form of dicyandiamide, KAS‐771G77 (G77), was combined with Aq. NH3 and UAN to test the effectiveness of this nitrification inhibitor in reducing N2O emissions. When combined with Aq. NH3, G77 did not reduce the emissions, but G77 significantly lowered them in the UAN treatment. A similar reduction of N2O emissions in the UAN treatment was achieved with the urease and nitrification inhibitor AgrotainPlus. Yields and N use efficiency did not differ among the fertilized treatments. Ammoniacal fertilizers had higher N2O emissions than nitrate‐based fertilizers, which could imply nitrification pathways as a source of N2O emissions. The use of G77 or AgrotainPlus, when applied with UAN, was an effective N2O mitigation practice.

Core Ideas

Pure ammonia fertilizer produced the highest N2O emissions.

N2O emissions were similar in control and calcium nitrate treatment.

Positively charged DCD reduced N2O emissions with UAN, but not with Aq. NH3.

Positively charged DCD with UAN was as effective as AgrotainPlus in lowering N2O.
Cropping System and Type of Pig Manure Affect Nitrate‐Nitrogen Leaching in a Sandy Loam Soil
Authors: Karimi Rezvan , Akinremi Wole , Flaten Don
Published: July 2017

The application of livestock manure can result in the loss of nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3−‐N) and degrade surface and groundwater. A 3‐yr lysimeter study was set up to compare the effect of cropping system and nitrogen (N)‐ and phosphorus (P)‐based pig manure application rates on the loss of water and NO3−‐N below the root zone. The experiment was a split‐plot design with annual and perennial cropping systems as the main factor. Five nutrient management treatments were the subplots: N‐based liquid pig manure application; P‐based liquid pig manure application, N‐based solid pig manure application, P‐based solid pig manure application, and a control without amendment. The results showed that 40 to 60 kg NO3−‐N ha−1 was lost from the annual plots in 2010 and 23 to 60 kg NO3−‐N ha−1 in 2011, whereas a negligible amount of NO3−‐N was lost from the perennial (<1 kg ha−1) plots in both years. The application of solid pig manure on a P basis followed by urea in subsequent years reduced the risk of NO3−‐N leaching over the course of the rotation, likely due to immobilization of N by the straw in the solid pig manure. Our study showed that a perennial cropping system consisting of a mixture of grasses has the capacity to receive and utilize significant amounts of nutrients with negligible amount of nutrient leakages to the adjacent environment. The inclusion of grasses in a crop rotation and their use to take up excess nutrients are sustainable practices that will benefit the environment.

Core Ideas

Similar amounts of water were lost from perennial and annual cropping systems.

Significant amounts of nitrate were lost from annual vs. negligible amounts from perennial crops.

Phosphorus‐based solid pig manure reduced nitrate leaching from annual crop.