bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Une redéfinition de la clause de commerce dormante par la Cour suprême ? (ou quand les porcs modifient la constitution économique états-unienne)
Authors: Gkekas Nikos
Published: January 2025

La célèbre clause de commerce, inscrite au premier article de la Constitution américaine, constitue la règle phare du fédéralisme économique américain. Bien que dans sa lecture textuelle, elle confère la compétence au gouvernement fédéral pour réglementer l’économie nationale, la Cour suprême a depuis longtemps élaboré une doctrine prétorienne, la clause de commerce dormante (dormant commerce clause), interdisant aux États d’adopter des lois protectionnistes ayant pour objectif de discriminer contre les produits d’autres États. Cette règle, essentielle à l’établissement d’un marché commun au sein d’une entité fédérale, se trouve actuellement dans un processus de déconstruction par la haute juridiction états-unienne, dont la politique jurisprudentielle des dernières années vise à rééquilibrer le fédéralisme en reconnaissant davantage de prérogatives aux entités fédérées. La décision récente National Porc Producers v. Ross constitue l’illustration parfaite de ce phénomène. Le présent article tente d’analyser cet arrêt en examinant les origines conceptuelles de la clause de commerce dormante ainsi que l’impact potentiel de cette nouvelle tendance jurisprudentielle sur la réglementation économique.
L’exigence d’un paiement préalable d’entrée dans les contrats-types de vente internationale de cacao et de café
Authors: Yombo Bertrand
Published: January 2025

Le thème de « l’exigence d’un paiement préalable d’entrée dans les contrats-types de vente internationale de cacao et de café » met en relief des situations de déséquilibre et d’abus de puissance économique dans les pratiques contractuelles. De façon générale, l’accès au contrat est dénué de toute exigence financière préalable, l’engagement contractuel étant fondé sur le seul principe de l’autonomie de la volonté. Cependant, la pratique des contrats-types de vente internationale de cacao et de café, qui impose aux producteurs le paiement préalable d’entrée, ce sans quoi lesdits contrats n’ont pas de validité sur le marché international, constitue à juste titre un cas d’exception, sans base légale et confirme les abus de puissance économique et les déséquilibres entre les parties dans ces contrats.
La experiencia romana de los pensionados por la Escuela de las Tres Nobles Artes de Cádiz (1795-1798)
Authors: Maura Alarcón Carlos
Published: January 2025

La estancia en Roma entre 1795 y 1798 de los cinco pensionados por la Escuela de las Tres Nobles Artes de Cádiz (Manuel Montano, Antonio Font, Juan José Ramonet, Manuel Roca y José García) no solo les sirvió para su formación personal, sino también para enviar a su institución un alto número de piezas. En el texto, reconstruimos dicha estancia a través del conjunto epistolar, en buena parte inédito, que mantuvieron los alumnos con el secretario Francisco de Huarte. Así, se arroja nueva luz sobre la decisión de enviarlos, el contexto de su estadía y las repercusiones que esta conllevó.
El retablo bordado de Enrique IV. Devociones itinerantes y resonancias del arte de Rogier Van der Weyden en Castilla
Authors: Fuentes Ortiz Ángel
Published: January 2025

En el presente estudio se da a conocer por primera vez un retablo bordado procedente de las colecciones de Enrique IV que fue transformado con posterioridad en un frontal de altar tras su donación al monasterio de Guadalupe. A través de la recomposición de la manufactura textil original no solo ahondaremos en el conocimiento de la infrecuente tipología del retablo bordado medieval, sino también en la llegada de los modelos emanados del taller de Rogier van der Weyden hasta los Reinos Hispanos, de los cuales el retablo bordado de Enrique IV supone uno de sus más destacados y tempranos exponentes.
Geopolymer with brick and concrete demolition constructions waste
Authors: Parra C. , Miñano I. , Calabuig M. , Benito F. , Mateo J. M. , Carrión E. , Ruiz C.
Published: January 2025

The production of building materials impacts non-renewable resources through excessive raw material extraction and fossil resource consumption. This study investigates alternatives to Portland cement concrete by valorizing construction and demolition waste (CDW), including brick and reinforced concrete. The objective is to replace or eliminate clinker using geopolymers while incorporating CDW as recycled aggregates. Sustainable concretes were developed, such as geoconcrete with 0% clinker and 50% recycled aggregate, along with blends containing varying CDW percentages for structural applications. Results indicate that geopolymers with 100% ground granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) achieve properties comparable to reference concrete. However, mixtures with recycled brick and concrete show lower strength due to low molarity and recycled aggregate usage. Elastic modulus increases with 100% GBFS but decreases by less than 10% with CDW. In beams, breaking moments reduce by up to 30% with 25% CDW, while brick-based mixtures demonstrate higher energy absorption.
‘We Are Not the Same.’ Work-Related Relationships Within Roman Cities from Hispania
Authors: Lario Devesa Arnau
Published: January 2025

The Roman city was a truly complex world. A mix of cultures, social classes and religions, it was an unequal environment, with a wide range of individual or collective interactions depending on differences in rank and wealth. In a workshop, the master craftsman had journeymen and apprentices under his direct orders, and any transaction involved a paying customer and a service provider. Similarly, all workers were ultimately supervised by the municipal official and the tax collector. These factors, in conjunction with the underlying concepts of freedom (or its absence), geographic origin, age and gender, resulted in the formation of a series of socio-economic limitations (frontiers) that shaped the everyday economy-related interactions.This paper analyses the various social barriers that existed in the epigraphic record of Roman Hispania during the Early Imperial period (1st‑3rd centuries CE), with a particular focus on the interactions between clients and providers and among colleagues within the same line of work or workshop. The main objective is to ascertain the extent to which such limits, established by tradition and the legal framework, had a visible impact on the organization of the urban economy.
Frontières du travail et chantiers de construction : entretien croisé avec Virginie Mathé et Mylène Pardoen
Authors: Mathé Virginie , Pardoen Mylène , Fauchier Louise , Favier Eléonore , Le Guennec Marie-Adeline , Lépée Marine
Published: January 2025

Cet entretien croise les voix de deux chercheuses spécialistes des chantiers de construction : Mylène Pardoen (CNRS) est archéologue du paysage sonore et a mené, entre autres, un projet de restitution du paysage sonore du chantier de construction de Notre-Dame de Paris en 1170 ; Virginie Mathé (Université Paris-Est Créteil – Centre de recherche en histoire européenne comparée) travaille sur les chantiers de construction dans la Grèce antique, notamment à partir des sources épigraphiques et comptables. Nous explorons avec elles la manière dont elles font parler leurs sources pour révéler l’existence – ou l’absence – de frontières sur les chantiers de construction antiques et médiévaux : frontières sociales (absence ou présence de certaines catégories de population, comme les femmes et les enfants, les travailleurs libres ou contraints…), frontières spatiales (spécialisation des zones par activité, articulation des différents corps de métier retranscrits dans l’espace) et temporalités des chantiers sont autant de thématiques abordées.
Tecnica e libertà fra Praga e Santiago
Authors: Cerroni Andrea
Published: January 2025

With the 1973 Chilean coup there was a total change in the economic order, from Allende’s socialist experiment (original in its “balancing” of center and periphery) to the full adoption of neoliberalism, which was accompanied by a simultaneous transition in the IT field. In fact, Allende’s experience was so closely linked to the development of the first, futuristic cybernetical project for the governance of the technological-information infrastructure (Cybersyn), which was promptly scrapped after the coup. A similar outcome to this sudden defeat of cybernetics, had actually occurred during the Prague Spring. Later, as neoliberalism spread, cybernetics faded in favor of a rival approach to information science, so-called Artificial Intelligence. This article will attempt to answer the following questions. (1) Were there fundamental cultural divergences between cybernetics and artificial intelligence such that they really resonated with two alternative policy perspectives? (2) Can one, moreover, delineate a kind of symbolic universe that would extend from the (then prospective) artificial intelligence to the paradigms later established in many disciplines?
Cerro San Antonio (L1): A Palimpsest of the South-Central Andean Past (ca. 1500 BC - AD 1950) in the Middle Locumba Valley, Tacna, Peru
Authors: Sitek Matthew J.
Published: January 2025

The site of Cerro San Antonio sprawls over 160 hectares of rocky hills and windswept blufftops that overlook the final confluence of the Locumba drainage before the river continues on to empty in the Pacific, just 35 kilometers away. The site is a true palimpsest of the local past, comprising 28 archaeological sectors that show evidence of occupation and use beginning in the Formative period (ca. 1500 BC - AD 500), continuing through the historical colonial-republican periods (ca. AD 1550-1950) and on into today, with the most significant occupations dating to the Middle Horizon (ca. AD 500-1150) and Late Intermediate Period (ca. AD 1150-1450). This article delineates these occupations in order to understand changes and continuities in the use of this landform over millennia, and ultimately, brings attention to one of Tacna’s most important archaeological sites.
AI and Its Role in Leadership
Authors: Vijay K. , Ganesh B. Sai , Samuel Prithi , Manohar Eashaan , Ganeshkumar P.
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized technology, bringing a paradigm shift in how we perceive the world and conduct business. Generative AI and other developments have amplified its importance, particularly in leadership. Leaders can now harness vast amounts of data, using AI algorithms to make more precise, data-driven decisions. AI's learning algorithms uncover hidden patterns and relationships, offering insights often missed by management teams. This chapter explores AI's impact on leadership, highlighting cases, trends, challenges, and techniques. It also addresses privacy and data security concerns, emphasizing the game-changing potential of AI in transforming leadership across industries.
Harnessing Data for Enhanced Consumer Insights and Experiences
Authors: Hazarika Deepti Dabas , Dhaliwal Amandeep
Published: January 2025

The contemporary landscape of marketing is characterized by unprecedented turbulence and disruption, necessitating a rapid acquisition of new skills by marketing professionals. The transition from brand-centric paradigms to a customer-centric approach underscores the critical importance of understanding consumer dynamics, marking this period as the era of the customer. Customer intimacy has evolved from a supplementary strategy to an essential component of corporate strategy. Technological advancements enable organizations to achieve both scale and customer intimacy, leading to a profound transformation in marketing structures and the competencies required of people involved in marketing & retail. This paper examines the various contemporary challenges that organizations encounter at the customer interface while proposing technology-based solutions and trends to navigate a cluttered marketplace. With the customer positioned at the core of the experience, this discussion emphasizes the pivotal role of technology as an enabler for skill enhancement and improved customer experience.
Integrating Digital Innovations and Leadership to Revolutionize the Sports Industry
Authors: Srivastava Anshul , Pandey Pratibha , Lata Tarun , Kumar Subodh , Agnihotri Alka , Sharma Anupam
Published: January 2025

Cloud, AI, and electronic platforms are revolutionizing sports line distribution and product/service creation. Amazon and DAZN provide new sports streaming. Social media and adulthood are globalizing. It safeguards communication and lets everyone speak. Many groups market themselves on social media. Social media makes sports organisations famous worldwide. Many sports teams have social media fans. A literature review essay on social media and sports examines global trends and prospective improvements. Many expect AI to change sports in the coming years. The eSports revolution is primarily due to athletes, coaches, players, fans, and companies. The initiative will also assess sports fans' AI adoption. Consumer AI expectations are discussed. New tech requires strong leadership from sports CEOs to engage fans. This shifting climate will benefit sports organisations who promote teams, use digital tools, and urge change. Leadership increases digital gains in sports, according to this study.
Re-Imagining Educational Leadership in Tech-Driven Environments
Authors: Areba George Ngwacho , Gisore Billiah Nyamoita , Njurai Everlyn Wanjiru , Oranga Josephine Nyanga
Published: January 2025

The current teaching and learning environments are characterized by swift technological advances such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Chatbots, and Generative Pre-trained Transformers (ChatGPT) among other novel technological innovations. Consequently, the digital revolution has become obligatory for any educational institution in quest of success in a technologically permeated globe. As learning institutions shift into digital space to improve productivity, the roles of the manager and leader are in dire need of serious transformations. Leadership in the digital space ought to steer through the dynamic educational environment, espousing evolving technologies, and promoting the ethos of constant scholarship for their followers and working environment. This chapter explores the transformed leader and manager roles, experiences, challenges, and opportunities against the background of educational technological changes, underscoring the strategies, competencies, and tools needed to circumnavigate the ever-transforming digital-driven space.
Revolutionizing Employer Branding
Authors: Anupama  , Rani Geeta
Published: January 2025

This study investigates novel ways for reinventing corporate branding and tackles the primary issues that HR professionals confront when implementing them. As the competition for top talent heats up, employer branding has become critical to attracting and retaining skilled personnel. This study intends to give HR professionals with practical insights by investigating contemporary strategies such as social media leveraging, staff advocacy, and individualized applicant experiences. Furthermore, the report finds major barriers to implementing these techniques, such as budget limits, reluctance to change, and alignment with company culture. This research aims to provide HR professionals with the knowledge and tools they need to effectively strengthen their organization's employer brand, resulting in a more appealing and engaging workplace.
The Paradigm Shift in Leadership Owing to Technological Development
Authors: Subrahmanyam Satya
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores how technological advancements reshape leadership paradigms, tracing technology's evolution from the Industrial Revolution to the Information Age. It critiques traditional hierarchical and command-and-control structures for their limitations in today's digital landscape. New leadership paradigms like transformational, servant, and agile leadership are examined, emphasizing essential skills such as digital literacy, data-driven decision-making, and cybersecurity awareness. Strategies for fostering digital-ready cultures, managing remote work, and leveraging collaboration tools are discussed. Ethical implications of technology on leadership are highlighted, stressing ethical decision-making and societal responsibility. Concluding with future trends, the chapter prepares leaders for ongoing technological advancements and evolving leadership demands in the digital age.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Humanitarian Aid for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Efthymiou Iris-Panagiota , Egleton Theocharis Efthymiou , Psomiadi Anastasia
Published: January 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is gaining greater acknowledgement as a potent tool in the advancement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set forth by the United Nations. This article delves into the role played by AI in humanitarian aid activities across a range of SDGs, such as reducing poverty, eradicating hunger, improving healthcare, increasing educational opportunities, promoting gender equality, and promoting environmental sustainability. Through the use of AI for predictive analysis, tailored services, and optimized resource allocation, significant progress can be achieved in tackling global challenges. The integration of AI in these areas not only enhances efficiency and effectiveness but also fosters innovation and sustainable development.
Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Electric Vehicles and Optimizing Logistics for Sustainable Transportation
Authors: Suganya R. , Joseph L. M. I. Leo , Kollem Sreedhar
Published: January 2025

Over the past century, transportation evolved from carriages to steam engines and then to Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEVs). Despite advancements, ICEVs have significantly contributed to environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Electric Vehicles (EVs) emerged as a quieter, simpler alternative but faced limitations in cost and application. Recently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration in EVs has enhanced safety, efficiency, and sustainability. This chapter explores how AI, applied to EVs and logistics, improves transportation sustainability by enhancing energy management, range estimation, and charging efficiency. AI also optimizes logistics, reducing emissions and costs. However, challenges like privacy, data security, and ethical concerns persist. The chapter concludes with future trends in AI-driven sustainable transportation, highlighting ongoing research and emerging technologies that promise a more sustainable and resilient system.
AI-Based Healthcare Systems for Pets and Birds
Authors: Ayyaswamy Kathirvel , Gobinath V. M. , Kathirvel Naren
Published: January 2025

AI-based healthcare systems use sophisticated algorithms and machine learning techniques to analyze, interpret, and process large amounts of animal health data.Veterinarians and pet owners will benefit from these systems, which provide accurate diagnoses, tailored treatment plans, and proactive health care.Veterinary medicine has witnessed a revolution thanks to the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into pet and bird healthcare systems. A machine-learning-based healthcare system analyzes, interprets, and processes large amounts of animal health data using sophisticated algorithms and machine-learning techniques. Pets and birds cannot express their discomfort or symptoms like humans can, which makes it difficult to identify potential health problems at an early stage.
The Perspective of Entrepreneurs
Authors: Sharma Deepa
Published: January 2025

Entrepreneurs today rely heavily on AI-powered decision support systems to help them make decisions about resource allocation, opportunity discovery, risk management, and other areas of their business. Artificial intelligence is crucial in managing customer relationships, monitoring employees, organizing and interpreting financial data, and predicting future growth to help firm's better plan for scaling. AI has a huge impact on the startup environment, offering hitherto unseen opportunities for expansion, creativity, and revolutionizing traditional business strategy. The revolutionary potential of AI is transforming entrepreneurship and driving company founders to sustained growth. Entrepreneurs can greatly benefit from AI-powered data-driven insights and predictive skills in a number of ways, including mitigating risks related to finance, operations, and compliance; identifying market trends and opportunities; evaluating competitive threats; anticipating demand; and creating forecasts. The main advantage of AI is that it effectively enhances operations.
Building Resilience in Organizations
Authors: Lestari Retno , Windarwati Heni Dwi , Hariyanti Tita
Published: January 2025

Organizations are rapidly adjusting their strategies, operations, and employee value propositions in response to the disruptive era and evolving employee expectations. They acknowledge the necessity of crisis-specific strategies and flexible resource allocation to navigate varied challenges and opportunities effectively. This underscores the critical need to establish a resilient environment that encourages agile decision-making and improved time management. Organizations are dedicated to cultivating self-reliant work teams, culturally astute leadership, and adaptable leaders capable of fostering a skilled workforce. This chapter offers readers a comprehensive insight into organizational strategies for building resilience, enabling workers to adapt better manage resources and conflicts and build employee connectedness throughout the organization. Resilient organizations must prioritize cultivating adaptable leadership capable of facilitating behavioural adjustments and fostering the necessary changes in mindset to maintain resilience in the face of change.
Cultivating Happiness and Insight for Enhanced Organizational Health
Authors: Nithya L.
Published: January 2025

The science of happiness at work explores the multifaceted dimensions of employee well-being and its impact on organizational success. This field integrates insights from psychology, business, and neuroscience to understand how positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA) contribute to a thriving workplace. Research indicates that happier employees are more productive, creative, and committed, leading to enhanced teamwork and reduced health issues. This study reviews various theoretical frameworks, including the job demand-resources model, social exchange theory, and broaden-and-build theory, to provide a comprehensive understanding of workplace happiness. Practical strategies for fostering a positive work environment, such as gratitude practices, mindfulness, and socially intelligent leadership, are discussed. The findings underscore the importance of prioritizing happiness as a core organizational goal to boost engagement, productivity, and overall employee satisfaction.
Happiness as a Catalyst for Academic Success and Faculty Well-Being in Higher Education Institutes
Authors: Joseph Sheeba , Khan Tanuja
Published: January 2025

The present study investigated the predictors of happiness among students and faculty in educational institutions using a quantitative, cross-sectional research design. The analysis focuses on five key predictors: well-being, job satisfaction, work-life balance, professional performance, and type of institution. A sample of 396 participants was selected using simple random sampling to ensure representativeness and reduce selection bias. Hypothesis testing using JAMOVI revealed that well-being (p < .001), work-life balance (p < .001), and professional performance (p = 0.048) had significant positive effects on happiness, whereas job satisfaction (p = 0.226) did not show significant direct impact. The type of institution also influenced happiness, with affiliate colleges showing a significant negative effect (p < .001). The findings highlight the importance of well-being, work-life balance, and professional performance in enhancing happiness, providing insights for institutional policies aimed to improve overall satisfaction.
Happy Wisdom Framework
Authors: Agarwal Shivani , Dwivedi Deeksha
Published: January 2025

The phrase “Happy Wisdom” is not attributed to a specific person or philosopher. It is a concept that combines two universal ideas—happiness and wisdom. While many researchers have investigated the relationship between happiness and wisdom throughout literature, there's no single person credited with coining the exact phrase “Happy Wisdom”. It is a phrase that combines the idea of happiness and wisdom, suggesting that true wisdom often leads to happiness, and a happy life is guided by wisdom. It can be interpreted as a state of being where one finds joy in understanding and learning, or where wise decisions lead to a fulfilling and content life. The study provides a step-by-step guide to happy wisdom adapted from Maslow hierarch theory. This step-by-step guide will provide a framework for academicians to test it quantitatively, and to corporate people to implement the same in organization for better growth and profit. Finally, it concludes with the scope for future research.
Mindfulness and Organizational Well-Being
Authors: Kanda James , Kalsi Parveen Singh , Rani Reena
Published: January 2025

This chapter offers a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global research trends on mindfulness and organizational well-being from 2009 to 2024, using 114 articles extracted from the Scopus database. The study aims to map the growth, development, and impact of academic literature in this area, recognizing key research trends, influential publications, and future research directions. The analysis shows that research has proliferated worldwide, with the USA as a major contributor in this field followed by Australia, Germany, Spain, and India. The most trending topics include mindfulness, human factors, and occupational health in the workplace. The study emphasizes the need for future research to explore mindfulness interventions in diverse organizational contexts and investigate the long-term impacts on well-being to guide the development and implementation of organizational well-being programs.
Leadership Behaviors and Scrum Master Empowerment in Agile Success
Authors: Rajamani Venkatesh , Nasrullah Nasrullah
Published: January 2025

This study seeks to understand the reasons behind the resistance to the agile leadership ways of working primarily in Indian bureaucratic organizations, examining leadership attributes including team, situational, and super leadership. It reveals that for agile leadership to be practical, the significance of team and situational leadership cannot be dispensed with, while downplaying the role of scrum master slows down the progress. A survey of 250 Indian information-technology leaders indicates that team leadership development and the turning of scrum masters into champions yield better agile performance. The study concludes with the need for the development of leaders in hierarchical cultures and proposes limitations of this study as a focus for further investigation.
Thirsting for solutions: Unpacking inadequate water provision in rural communities
Authors: Tshona Sinazo Sixolisiwe , Lungisa Sithenkosi , Mgweba Luluto
Published: January 2025

Background: In South Africa, access to water is not equally spread across the population. As a result, 19% of those living in rural areas lack access to a dependable water source and 33% lack basic sanitation services.Aim: This study aimed to identify obstacles municipalities face in delivering water services to rural communities and challenges surrounding water scarcity.Setting: This study focused on the rural areas of the Amathole District Municipality in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa.Methods: A qualitative research approach was employed, with a case study design and an interpretivism paradigm. The data collection process utilised semi-structured interviews and a thematic analysis to interpret the findings comprehensively.Results: Findings reveal that ageing infrastructure, ineffective governance structures, limited financial resources, and uneven distribution of water resources exacerbate the problem.Conclusion: Part of the recommendations is that significant investment is needed in upgrading water infrastructure, particularly in rural areas, and governance structures should be strengthened to ensure effective management and equitable distribution of water resources.Contribution: Through delineating strategic recommendations, this study identified the root causes behind insufficient water provision within rural communities. This contributes to the direction of policymaking efforts and expands its impact on future researchers within the field of public administration. Moreover, to bridge the gap between ensuring adequate water provision and promoting efficient water utilisation, it makes strategic proposals for improving water management and distribution, which will affect policymaking and future public administration research.
Hemolytic disease of fetus due to multiple alloantibodies (anti-D, anti-C, and anti-s) requiring intrauterine transfusions: A case report and review of Indian literature
Authors: Krishna G. Deepthi , Sachan Deepti
Published: January 2025

Immune hemolytic disease of fetus (HDF) and newborn is a serious complication in pregnancy and is associated with perinatal mortality and morbidity. Intrauterine transfusion (IUT) is performed for the treatment of fetal anemia caused by red cell alloimmunization. Here, we present the case of a 28-year-old multiparous pregnant female, with a history of bad obstetric outcomes. At 24 weeks gestation, she was referred to our center requesting one unit of irradiated leuco-depleted packed red cells (LDPRC) for 2nd IUT due to difficulty in finding a compatible unit elsewhere. A detailed immunohematology (IH) workup revealed the presence of anti-D, anti-C, and anti-s antibodies. The patient received O RhD Negative and C, and s red cell phenotype negative, crossmatch compatible, irradiated LDPRC unit for IUT. She received a total of three episodes of IUT at 24, 29, and 33 weeks of gestation and delivered a healthy female child at 36 weeks. Managing HDF with multiple antibodies requires coordination between interdisciplinary teams and an advanced IH lab along with trained staff and active involvement of transfusion medicine specialists to support early interventions and reduce HDF-related mortality.
Buffy coat pooled platelets a cost-effective alternative to single-donor apheresis platelets for hemato-oncology patients in the Indian scenario: A randomized cross-over study
Authors: Srivastava Prateek , Dhawan Hari Krishan , Lamba Divjot Singh , Malhotra Pankaj , Prinja Shankar , Pardhan Suraj , Hans Rekha , Sachdev Suchet , Kumari Sangeeta , Sharma Ratti Ram
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Buffy coat pooled platelets (BCPP) have recently been licensed for clinical use in India and have merits of both the conventional platelet concentrates, i.e., random donor platelets and single-donor apheresis platelets (SDAPs). Repeatedly, finding a ABO-matched donor for hemato-oncology patients is a challenge.

AIM:

This study aimed to evaluate feasibility, efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of BCPP in nonrefractory, hemato-oncological patients in comparison to SDAP.

METHODS:

In a randomized cross-over study design, 93 hemato-oncological patients were assigned either BCPP or SDAP as their first transfusion product. On subsequent requisition for the same patient, the other platelet product was issued for transfusion. Corrected count increment (CCI) and percentage platelet recovery (PPR) were calculated 1 h after the transfusion. Intertransfusion interval, posttransfusion platelet increment, and signs of any adverse transfusion reactions were also noted. A cost analysis was also done.

RESULTS:

Mean posttransfusion platelet increment was observed to be 37043/μL for BCPP and 30839/μL for SDAP. The mean CCI and PPR 1 h after transfusing was 15003 and 36.42% for BCPP and 15554 and 38.04% for SDAP. The median intertransfusion interval was 96 h after BCPP and 72 h after SDAP transfusion. Multivariate analysis shows that the BCPP is noninferior to SDAP for CCI (−549, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1129–−30), PPR (−1.62, 95% CI: −3.02–−0.21), superior for platelet increment (6202, 95% CI: 4742–7661), and for intertransfusion interval (35, 95% CI: 10.5–59.5). No transfusion reactions were reported in any of the patients enrolled. BCPP costs 61% less than the SDAP in our setup.

CONCLUSION:

This study suggests that in nonrefractory, hemato-oncological patients BCPP is noninferior to SDAP in terms of 1-h posttransfusion CCI and PPR. BCPP costs significantly less and can act as a good alternative to SDAP in resource-constrained settings.
Effect of implementing fetal movement counting on early detection of fetal complications among high-risk pregnant women
Authors: Elsayed Asmaa H.A.-E. , Azzam Hanan F. , Aboushady Reda M.N. , Ebrahim Mona M.
Published: January 2025

Background

Fetal movement counting (FMC) is cost-effective and reassuring method, and it is suggested as a primary method for monitoring fetal well-being in all pregnancies, including high-risk pregnancies. So, the current study aimed to examine the effect of implementing FMC on early detection of fetal complications among high-risk pregnant women.

Research design

A quasi-experimental (one group posttest only) design was adopted for the current study.

Sample

A purposive sample of 140 high-risk pregnant women were recruited for the current study.

Setting

The study was conducted at the Women’s Care Clinic at Kasr Al Ainy, Cairo University Hospital.

Tools

Three tools were used: structured interviewing questionnaire, FMC tool, and fetal follow-up tool.

Results

Findings of the current study revealed that after implementation of FMC, more than half 52.9% of the study sample had early detections for the occurrence of fetal complications; 62.2% of them had a preterm birth, and only 2.7% (n=2) of them had intrauterine fetal death/stillbirth.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of the current study, it can be concluded that high-risk pregnant women had a higher rate of early reporting for a decrease in fetal movement and early detection of fetal complications after implementing FMC.

Recommendation

Integrating FMC education and supportive materials into routine prenatal care protocols for high-risk pregnancies to enhance early detection of fetal complications.
Weight gain among preterm infants who are receiving gavage feeding versus total parenteral nutrition
Authors: Dabash Soheir A.E.H. , Attia Azza A.M. , Ghonemy Lamiaa I.
Published: January 2025

Background

Nutrition of preterm infants is important to promote positive energy and protein balance and improve long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. Nutrition monitoring must remain a priority for low-birth-weight infants who are at high risk for nutritional deficiencies and growth failure.

Aim

To assess weight gain among preterm infants who are receiving gavage feeding versus total parenteral nutrition (TPN).

Methods

Design A descriptive exploratory design. Sample: 64 preterm infants divided into two groups. Setting: The study conducted in El Waha Hospital which affiliated to ministry of health, Egypt. Tools: personal data sheet of preterm infants and the extra-uterine growth chart.

Results

The mean age /day of gavage feeding group was 4.5±4.3 and 2.3±1.1 for TPN group. Male sex constitutes more than two-thirds among TPN group. Regarding gestational age, more than three-fifths of gavage feeding group had less than 33 weeks. The birth weight/gm less than three-quarters of the TPN group was 1500–2000 gm. Significant improvement in daily body weight among less than three quarters were detected on day 7 among the gavage feeding group while less than two-thirds of preterm infants had improvement at day 11 in TPN group. The mean total weight gain by gm among the gavage feeding group was X=131.7±97.2 while among the TPN group was X=52.3±68.7 with a statistically significant difference.

Conclusion

Gavage feeding had positive impact on preterm body weight than total parenteral nutrition.

Recommendations

Gavage feeding is recommended for weight gain among preterm infants.
Effect of nursing instructions for mothers on the occurrence of complications among their infants after open-heart surgery
Authors: Said Sara S.A. , Mohamed Soheir A.-R. , Khalafallha Hanaa D. , Elhafeez Samah H.A.
Published: January 2025

As the most common type of congenital defect, congenital cardiac disorders represent a major global health issue. To survive, infants with severe congenital heart disease require open-heart surgery. For infants who have had an open-heart surgical intervention, a mother’s ability to provide quality postoperative and home care is crucial to their prognosis. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of nursing instructions for mothers on the occurrence of complications among their infants after open-heart surgery. The present study used a pre–posttest quasi-experimental design to achieve the aim of the current study. The study was conducted at the Magdi Yacoub Heart Foundation Hospital in Egypt. A purposive sample of 70 mothers and their infants undergoing open-heart surgeries participated in the current study. Five tools were used to collect the required data: a structured interview questionnaire, mothers’ knowledge, reported and practices assessment questionnaire (pre–posttest), observational checklists, postoperative complications recording sheet, and face, legs, activity, cry, and consolability pain scale. There were statistically significant differences between the total mean scores of mothers’ knowledge, reported practices, and skills (axillary temperature and wound care) in both groups before and after applying the nursing instructions. Infants of the mothers who received the nursing instructions were exposed to fewer postoperative complications and demonstrated more favorable surgical wound conditions after surgery than those children in the control group. The current study results concluded that the nursing instructions were effective in improving the level of knowledge, reported practices, and skills among mothers in the study group and decreasing the postoperative complications among their infants after open-heart surgery. Recommendations include integrating the nursing instructions for mothers in the pediatric open-heart unit and incorporating them into the discharge plan to enhance recovery and reduce postoperative complications.
Assessing ergonomics health risk factors among workers at electro- mechanical constructions company Egypt
Authors: Elkotob Nermine G. , Habib Nagat S. , Sharaa Heba M.
Published: January 2025

Background

The electro-mechanical construction industry is expanding today, particularly in emerging nations. Ergonomics is becoming a crucial component of worker health and safety in electro-mechanical construction. Therefore, ergonomics risk factors are defined as the health and safety risk factors encountered the workers either from the workplace environment or workers doing their own behaviors.

Aim

Is to assess ergonomics health risk factors (EHRF) among workers at electro-mechanical construction company (EMCC) in Egypt.

Patient and methods

A descriptive research design was utilized.

Sample

A purposive sample of 150 workers will be included in the study.

Setting

The study was conducted at Al Hashemiah International Electro-Mechanical Construction Company at Alexandria /Egypt.

Results

The mean age of studied workers was 29.3 years. The highest percentage 58.7% of the studied workers did not know the term ‘ergonomics’. Moreover, the highest percentage 54% of the studied workers were high risky to EHRF.

Conclusion

The EMC workers were at high risk of ergonomics health risks including work motion, work positions and tools that used to finish work tasks. The EMC workers had persistent complaints in various body parts mainly in back.

Recommendation

Increases electro- mechanical construction’s awareness by the importance of EHRF.
Effective prism diopter for strabismus measurement: Conversion from anterior Prentice position to posterior parallel position and from glass prism to acrylic prism
Authors: Zou Leilei , Liu Hong , Wang Shu , Tian Tian , Fang Cheng , Luo Gang , Liu Rui
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

In clinical ophthalmology, prisms, commonly made of glass, are labeled based on the prism diopter (PD) value measured in the anterior Prentice position. However, they are often used in the posterior parallel position for practicality, causing a discrepancy between labeled and effective PD. This study proposes a conversion tool to address this issue.

Methods:

Geometric optical analysis was employed to calculate the effective PD of glass prisms in the posterior parallel position. A lookup table was created to convert the labeled PD of the anterior Prentice position to the effective PD when the prism is used in the posterior parallel position. Clinical data from 162 patients with horizontal strabismus were collected to validate the method. Glass prism measurements, converted to effective PD, were compared with acrylic prism results.

Results:

The variations were significant in glass prism PD with rotation in the anterior Prentice position but stability in the posterior parallel position. Clinical deviations were larger with glass prisms, especially exceeding 30 PD, compared with acrylic prisms. Converted PD from glass prisms correlated well with acrylic prisms (R2 = 0.94, P = 0.002). The half-width of the 95% limit of agreement was ±12.32 PD.

Conclusion:

The proposed conversion table is valid, facilitating consistency between clinical and literature-based prism use in different positions and materials.
Isfahan Artificial Intelligence Event 2023: Macular Pathology Detection Competition
Authors: Sedighin Farnaz , Monemian Maryam , Zojaji Zahra , Montazerolghaem Ahmadreza , Asadinia Mohammad Amin , Mirghaderi Seyed Mojtaba , Esfahani Seyed Amin Naji , Kazemi Mohammad , Mokhtari Reza , Mohammadi Maryam , Ramezani Mohadese , Tajmirriahi Mahnoosh , Rabbani Hossein
Published: January 2025

Background:

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) methods have become of great interest for diagnosing macular diseases over the past few decades. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based CADs offer several benefits, including speed, objectivity, and thoroughness. They are utilized as an assistance system in various ways, such as highlighting relevant disease indicators to doctors, providing diagnosis suggestions, and presenting similar past cases for comparison.

Methods:

Much specifically, retinal AI-CADs have been developed to assist ophthalmologists in analyzing optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and making retinal diagnostics simpler and more accurate than before. Retinal AI-CAD technology could provide a new insight for the health care of humans who do not have access to a specialist doctor. AI-based classification methods are critical tools in developing improved retinal AI-CAD technology. The Isfahan AI-2023 challenge has organized a competition to provide objective formal evaluations of alternative tools in this area. In this study, we describe the challenge and those methods that had the most successful algorithms.

Results:

A dataset of OCT images, acquired from normal subjects, patients with diabetic macular edema, and patients with other macular disorders, was provided in a documented format. The dataset, including the labeled training set and unlabeled test set, was made accessible to the participants. The aim of this challenge was to maximize the performance measures for the test labels. Researchers tested their algorithms and competed for the best classification results.

Conclusions:

The competition is organized to evaluate the current AI-based classification methods in macular pathology detection. We received several submissions to our posted datasets that indicate the growing interest in AI-CAD technology. The results demonstrated that deep learning-based methods can learn essential features of pathologic images, but much care has to be taken in choosing and adapting appropriate models for imbalanced small datasets.
Advancing Food Security through Precision Agriculture: YOLOv8’s Role in Efficient Pest Detection and Management
Authors: Khan Ameer Tamoor , Jensen Sign Marie , Khan Noman
Published: January 2025

In response to the growing global population and the consequent need for sustainable food security, effective pest management is critical for enhancing agricultural productivity. This research presents YOLOv8, a state-of-the-art deep learning model optimized for pest detection in agricultural environments, contributing to modern food security efforts. Evaluated using the complex IP102 dataset, YOLOv8 demonstrated notable improvements in pest detection accuracy, achieving scores of 66.9 mAP@0.5 and 42.1 mAP@[0.5:0.95]. These results underscore YOLOv8’s robust performance across diverse detection scenarios, enabling more precise pest control and reducing crop loss. However, in-depth dataset analysis revealed a bias towards larger pests, likely due to bounding box size variations, which presents an opportunity for model improvement. Future work will focus on addressing data imbalances, enhancing sensitivity to smaller pests, and validating YOLOv8 in varied real-world agricultural settings. These advancements are expected to significantly improve pest management practices, ultimately boosting agricultural productivity and supporting global food security through the application of modern agricultural technologies.
Communitarianism, personhood and politics: Engaging with the philosophy of Bernard Matolino
Authors: Maraganedzha Mutshidzi
Published: January 2025

No abstract
The difference between moderate and limited communitarianism
Authors: Mbatha Lungelo Siphosethu
Published: January 2025

This article uses philosophical analysis to defend the status of limited communitarianism as a standalone theory in African political philosophy. Early African scholars like Ifeanyi Menkiti argued that the community takes priority over the individual in all important respects. However, these thinkers were soon labelled radical or extreme in their treatment of the individual and were requested to moderate or restrict their articulation of the community’s role. This gave birth to the radical and moderate theories. But not before long, the moderates were also accused of supporting the tyranny of the community. They were also accused of not being fundamentally different from the radicals, giving rise to the limited version of Afrocommunitarianism. Yet, the status of this latest instalment as a standalone theory has been doubted, with critics claiming that the limited version is not different to, or is merely another well-argued variant of, moderate communitarianism. This article argues that upon critical philosophical analysis, there is good reason to conclude that Bernard Matolino’s limited communitarianism is different from (and not just a well-argued version of) Kwame Gyekye’s moderate communitarianism. The paper argues that while there are similarities between the theories, the differences which exist in the definitions of persons and community and how the relationship between the two is understood in terms of rights, duties, and primacy make moderate and limited communitarianism distinct standalone theories.