bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
β-delayed fission studies at ISOLDE-CERN
Authors: Andel B.
Published: October 2024

This contribution provides an overview of the systematic β-delayed fission (βDF) studies performed by our collaboration at the ISOLDE facility at CERN. Measurements of βDF properties of eight isotopes, including the first identification of this process for six of them, were carried out over the years. Systematic studies of fission fragment mass distributions, which led to the discovery of the new region of asymmetric fission and to identification of multimodal fission in several isotopes, are revisited. Motivation and description of the most recent experiments aimed at 178Au and neutron rich actinium and francium isotopes are introduced. The detection system used until recently as well as the two newly-developed detection systems are described.
Interplay of nuclear structure and dynamics with light exotic beams: The study of the reactions 8B+64Zn and 9Li-4He
Authors: Di Pietro Alessia , Spartá Roberta , Fernandez Garcìa Juan Pablo , Figuera Pierpaolo , La Cognata Marco , Moro Antonio M. , Shotter Alan C. , Torresi Domenico
Published: October 2024

This paper reports on investigations of elastic scattering reactions involving both, one proton-rich and one neutron-rich radioactive nuclei, 8B and 9Li respectively. These investigations highlighted the effects that the peculiar nuclear structure of these nuclei has on the reaction dynamics.
Influence of temperature-dependent shell corrections on the prediction of production cross sections for superheavy nuclei
Authors: Chen Peng-Hui , Geng Jing-Jing , Zeng Xiang-Hua , Feng Zhao-Qing
Published: October 2024

In the framework of the dinuclear system model, we introduce a formula accounting for temperaturedependent shell corrections to assess their influence on the fission barrier calculations and, consequently, the survival probability of excited nuclei. Our approach considers the excitation energy’s effect on the fission barrier, a crucial aspect in determining the likelihood of a nucleus persisting. Leveraging experimental data with associated errors, we constrain the region of the shell correction damping factor. Employing this refined methodology, we predict the production cross sections for the novel superheavy element (SHE) with atomic number Z=119. Specifically, at the 54Cr(243Am,3n)294119 reaction, cross sections are anticipated to range between 3-27 femtobarns (fb), while for the 51V(248Cm,3n)296119 reaction, they are projected to span 21-180 fb. These predictions offer valuable insights into the formation dynamics of this exotic superheavy element.
Application of shell-cluster comprehensive model to α resonant scattering
Authors: Maeda Taiki , Nakamoto Riu , Fumimoto Toshihiro , Ito Makoto
Published: October 2024

We apply the comprehensive model of the shell model and the cluster model to the α + 16O resonant scattering. In this model, the coupling of the shell model configuration with 16O + four nucleons and the cluster model configuration with 16O + α is explicitly solved. The absorbing boundary condition is imposed on the α + 16O cluster configuration, and the excitation function of the elastic scattering is calculated from the method of the continuum level density. The shell + cluster calculation nicely reproduces the sharp resonant structures with a small energy interval appearing in the excitation function although the α cluster model reproduces only the broad and gross structure in the excitation function. The resonance width generated by the coupling with the shell model configuration is discussed in comparison to the experimental width.
Analysis of the shell effect of fission fragments in the quasi-fission process
Authors: Maekawa Hokuto , Amano Shota , Takagi Shinya , Aritomo Yoshihiro
Published: October 2024

The process in superheavy element synthesis in which two nuclei collide and fission before forming a compound nucleus is called quasi-fission. The dynamical model used in our calculations is highly reproducible in calculating the total kinetic energy (TKE) of actinide fission. However, there is a problem in the reproducibility of TKE of quasi-fission in the current calculations using the dynamical model. Our calculations show that the TKE of mass asymmetry is lower than the experimental data. The reason for this is that the shell effect of fission fragments is not considered. In this study, we attempted to reproduce mass-asymmetric quasi-fission with shell effects by using a dynamical model. The objective is to analyze the calculation results and follow the time evolution of the shape of the nucleus to deepen our understanding of the dynamics of quasi-fission.
Widely tunable dual-color waveguide-based optical parametric oscillator
Authors: Timmerkamp Maximilian , Gao Ming , Fallnich Carsten
Published: October 2024

Exploiting four-wave mixing in two orthogonally polarized fundamental modes of Si3N4 waveguides and a tunable birefringence in the cavity, an optical parametric oscillator generates two independently tunable output frequencies from 0 to 62 THz difference.
Concentration quenching dynamics in silica glass highly doped with Er3+
Authors: Wörmann Tim J. , Brunzell Martin , Pasiskevicius Valdas , Maniewski Pawel
Published: October 2024

In this study, quenching dynamics in RE-doped silica glass were investigated through the measurement of excited-state lifetimes of heavily doped silica micro-hemispheres fabricated directly on the end face of a multimode fiber (MMF).
50 GHz, 100 fs pulses at 100 W average power from a burst mode, all-single mode, Yb-doped fiber laser system
Authors: Laçin M. , Repgen P. , Maghsoudi A. , Şura A. , Aydemir U. , Ilday F. Ö.
Published: October 2024

We present a uniquely simple laser integrated in strictly single-mode fibers, producing bursts of 100- fs pulses at 50 GHz repetition rate at 100 W average power. This allows material processing with high efficiency and precision in the ablation-cooled regime.
Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation by tellurite oval-core optical fiber
Authors: Takahata Keita , Nakatani Asuka , de Clermont-Gallerande Jonathan , Suzuki Takenobu , Ohishi Yasutake
Published: October 2024

For generating polarization-maintained mid-infrared supercontinuum light, we have simulated, and fabricated tellurite oval-core optical fiber. Polarization-maintained supercontinuum light from 1660 to 2570 nm has been generated from the fabricated tellurite oval-core optical fiber.
High-brightness table-top coherent XUV source at 130eV
Authors: Tschernajew Maxim , Hilbert Vinzenz , Klas Robert , Heilmann Anke , Herrfurth Oliver , Breitkopf Sven , Rothhardt Jan , Eidam Tino , Limpert Jens
Published: October 2024

We present a highly stable, easy-to-use, table-top coherent XUV source delivering a brightness of >1kW/(mm²sr)/1%BW at 130eV (9.5nm). It is based on high-harmonic generation driven by an ultrastable ytterbium-based fiber laser and a multipass-cell-based post- compression to 35fs.
Novel Photocathode Lasers for the Hard- and Soft-X-ray Free Electron Lasers EuXFEL and FLASH
Authors: Mahnke Christoph , Li Chen , Ahmed Areeb , Akcaalan Oender , Brinker Frank , Chen Ye , Good James , Grosse-Wortmann Uwe , Guetg Marc , Ilia Denis , Kschuev Nick , Mohr Christian , Panuganti Harsha , Pressacco Federico , Schaper Lucas , Schulz Sebastian , Schreiber Siegfried , Tavakol Hamed , Tünnermann Henrik , Vidoli Caterina , Vogt Matthias , Winkelmann Lutz , Hartl Ingmar
Published: October 2024

We developed, constructed and commissioned novel photocathode lasers for the X-ray FELs European XFEL and FLASH which allow emittance optimization via beam shaping. Both facilities operate continuously with those lasers since Jan. 2024 with high uptime and excellent performance.
3D profiling in a laser micromachining station using dual-comb LiDAR
Authors: Pupeikis J. , Soghomonyan H. , Willenberg B. , Stumpp A. , Lang L. , Phillips C. R. , Resan B. , Keller U.
Published: October 2024

We present a coaxial dual-comb LiDAR integrated into a laser micromachining station, enabling in-situ 3D profiling of machined parts with sub-micrometer axial precision, offering a cost-effective solution with high precision capability.
Generation of 22-mJ, 2.0-ps Pulses from a 1-kHz Ho:YLF Regenerative Chirped Pulse Amplifier
Authors: Bock Martin , von Grafenstein Lorenz , Mero Mark , Nagy Tamas , Griebner Uwe
Published: October 2024

We report a CW-pumped Ho:YLF regenerative amplifier (RA) delivering pulses with 22.5-mJ energy and 2.0-ps duration at 1 kHz. The RA emitting at 2051 nm is broadband-seeded and implemented in a chirped pulse amplification system. © 2024 The Author(s)
Development and error analysis of a 2 µm-centered polarimeter for complete Stokes’ vectors measurements
Authors: Benon Nathanaëll , Romano Clément , Eichhorn Marc , Kieleck Christelle
Published: October 2024

Developing a device to retrieve the full Stokes’ vector at high-speed requires a careful design. We present an analysis of the measurement error of a polarimeter as a function of all optical component defects.
Dual-beam multipass cell compression for time-resolved femtosecond spectroscopy setups
Authors: Omar Alan , Kassai Boldizsar , Hoffmann Martin , Saraceno Clara J.
Published: October 2024

We present a dual-beam single multi-pass cell compressor designed for applications in time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy. A single MPC simultaneously compresses two beams with different pulse energies to the same pulse duration, allowing for independent modulation of the input beams. The two beams have different, high pulse energies (82 µJ and 296 µJ) and are compressed to the same pulse duration of 50 fs with high efficiency.
Ultra-broadband non-collinear optical parametric oscillators: A reliable source of rapidly tunable femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Mevert R. , Geesmann F. J. , Lang T. , Binhammer Y. , Zuber D. , Morgner U.
Published: October 2024

Non-collinear phase matching in optical parametric oscillators enables unique possibilities ranging from ultra-broadband rapid spectral tuning to intrinsic advantages in power scaling. This work is an overview of this concept adapted to different wavelength ranges.
Improved Performance of Frequency Tripling Mirrors: A Promising Approach for Simple and Efficient Third Harmonic Generation
Authors: Zuber David , Balendat Sebastian , Badorreck Holger , Jupé Marco , Ristau Detlev , Morgner Uwe
Published: October 2024

Frequency tripling mirrors offer a promising alternative to complicated cas- caded arrangements for third harmonic generation. By incorporating optimised dielectric layers, we have achieved a remarkable conversion efficiency of 3.5 %. We will give a deep insight into FTMs and discuss applications. © 2024 The Author(s)
La théorie des graphes dans l’enseignement – au croisement de champs disciplinaires et des formations universitaires
Authors: Tabchi Theresia , Sabra Hussein , Riera Bernard
Published: October 2024

Dans cet article, nous parlons de la théorie des graphes dans l’enseignement supérieur. Nous allons essayer de présenter des caractéristiques didactiques de cette théorie qui se développe à l’interface entre les mathématiques et l’informatique. La théorie des graphes admet des champs d’application divers et variés dans l’ingénierie, la modélisation, et dans différents domaines de recherche. En effet, son déploiement dans l’enseignement, devenu nécessaire, soulève plusieurs questions. Nous cherchons à caractériser les formes possibles d’un tel enseignement dans divers parcours de formation tels que les mathématiques, l'ingénierie et l'informatique. Ainsi, nous cherchons à caractériser les formes envisageables pour enseigner la théorie des graphes au supérieur, en tenant compte du contexte spécifique de l'enseignement et de l'impact potentiel de ce contexte sur les choix à effectuer pour structurer l'enseignement de cette matière. Pour ce faire, nous étudions huit ouvrages dédiés à cet enseignement. En outre, nous identifions les défis auxquels les enseignants peuvent être confrontés dans la définition des contenus à enseigner, en passant des cours d'introduction aux domaines d'application spécialisés. Par ailleurs, nous illustrons nos propos en nous penchant sur la formation des automaticiens, où la théorie des graphes joue un rôle essentiel dans l’analyse et la modélisation des systèmes complexes, qu'ils soient discrets ou continus. Nous terminons par quelques propositions pour l’enseignement.
CD73 promotes non–small cell lung cancer metastasis by regulating Axl signaling independent of GAS6
Authors: Zhu Jianjie , Du Wenwen , Zeng Yuanyuan , Liu Ting , Li Jianjun , Wang Anqi , Li Yue , Zhang Weijie , Huang Jian-an , Liu Zeyi
Published: October 2024

As catabolic enzyme, CD73 dephosphorylates adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and can also regulate tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. To date, very few studies have explored the role of CD73 in mediating non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis, and the underlying transducing signal has not been elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrated that the CD73/Axl axis could regulate Smad3-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to promote NSCLC metastasis. Mechanically, CD73 can be secreted via the Golgi apparatus transport pathway. Then secreted CD73 may activate AXl by directly bind with site R55 located in Axl extracellular domain independently of GAS6. In addition, we proved that CD73 can stabilize Axl expression via inhibiting CBLB expression. We also identified the distinct function of CD73 activity in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Our findings indicated a role of CD73 in mediating NSCLC metastasis and propose it as a therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Binary neutron star mergers using a discontinuous Galerkin-finite difference hybrid method
Authors: Deppe Nils , Foucart Francois , Bonilla Marceline S , Boyle Michael , Corso Nicholas J , Duez Matthew D , Giesler Matthew , Hébert François , Kidder Lawrence E , Kim Yoonsoo , Kumar Prayush , Legred Isaac , Lovelace Geoffrey , Most Elias R , Moxon Jordan , Nelli Kyle C , Pfeiffer Harald P , Scheel Mark A , Teukolsky Saul A , Throwe William , Vu Nils L
Published: October 2024

We present a discontinuous Galerkin-finite difference hybrid scheme that allows high-order shock capturing with the discontinuous Galerkin method for general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics in dynamical spacetimes. We present several optimizations and stability improvements to our algorithm that allow the hybrid method to successfully simulate single, rotating, and binary neutron stars. The hybrid method achieves the efficiency of discontinuous Galerkin methods throughout almost the entire spacetime during the inspiral phase, while being able to robustly capture shocks and resolve the stellar surfaces. We also use Cauchy-characteristic evolution to compute the first gravitational waveforms at future null infinity from binary neutron star mergers. The simulations presented here are the first successful binary neutron star inspiral and merger simulations using discontinuous Galerkin methods.
A novel linetype recognition algorithm based on track geometry detection data
Authors: Cheng Zhaoyang , Han Zhi , Han Qiang , Chen Chunlei , Liu JinZhao
Published: October 2024

The detection and recognition of track geometry are crucial for ensuring railway transportation safety and maintenance efficiency. Traditional linetype recognition algorithms struggle to effectively handle the complexities of variable track geometry and noise interference. To address these challenges, a novel linetype recognition algorithm (NLRA) is proposed, which thoroughly analyzes the characteristics of track curvature across straight lines, transition curves, and circular segments. By employing partial differential equations for data preprocessing, NLRA effectively filters out noise. Utilizing curve design parameters and integrating line anti-noise recognition with multi-segment line fitting techniques, the algorithm accurately identifies each line segment and incorporates a single-point recognition method for data gaps. Experimental results demonstrate that NLRA outperforms traditional algorithms in terms of real-time performance, recognition accuracy, anti-interference capability, and noise handling. Notably, NLRA enhances accuracy by at least 35.1% and recall by at least 17.4% on selected typical routes. This work underscores the algorithm’s potential to provide efficient and accurate tools for track maintenance, facilitate advancements in track detection software, and significantly contribute to railway transportation safety.
Role of sulphur in resistive switching behavior of natural rubber-based memory
Authors: Awais Muhammad , Othman Nadras , Shafiq Mohamad Danial , Zhao Feng , Cheong Kuan Yew
Published: October 2024

The rising environmental awareness has spurred the extensive use of green materials in electronic applications, with bio-organic materials emerging as attractive alternatives to inorganic and organic materials due to their natural biocompatibility, biodegradability, and eco-friendliness. This study showcases the natural rubber (NR) based resistive switching (RS) memory devices and how varying sulphur concentrations (0–0.8 wt.%) in NR thin films impact the RS characteristics. The NR was formulated and processed into a thin film deposited on an indium tin oxide substrate as the bottom electrode and with an Ag film as the top electrode. The addition of sulphur modifies the degree of crosslinking in the NR thin film, from which the concentration of –C=C– group and density of defect site (S+) are affected, and hence the RS behavior of the memory device. The devices exhibit bipolar resistance with symmetric switching characteristics which are attributed to the formation of conductive paths facilitate by electron transport along –C=C– and S+ defect sites between the two electrodes. Notably, a sample with 0.2 wt.% sulphur exhibits a high ON/OFF ratio (104), a large memory window (5.5 V), prolonged data retention (10 yrs), and reliable endurance (120 cycles). These findings highlight the potential of NR as a promising material for eco-friendly resistive-switching random access memory applications.
A new convex integration approach for the compressible Euler equations and failure of the local maximal dissipation criterion
Authors: Markfelder Simon
Published: October 2024

In this paper we establish a new convex integration approach for the barotropic compressible Euler equations in two space dimensions. In contrast to existing literature, our new method generates not only the momentum for given density, but also the energy and the energy flux. This allows for a simple way to construct admissible solutions, i.e. solutions which satisfy the energy inequality. Moreover using the convex integration method developed in this paper, we show that the local maximal dissipation criterion fails in the following sense: There exist wild solutions which beat the self-similar solution of the one-dimensional Riemann problem extended to two dimensions. Hence the local maximal dissipation criterion rules out the self-similar solution. The convex integration machinery itself is carried out in a very general way. Hence this paper provides a universal framework for convex integration which not even specifies the form of the partial differential equations under consideration. Therefore this general framework is applicable in many different situations.
Teaching quantum mechanics using Ant–Man
Authors: Gomes André Luiz Sartori , Fitzgerald Barry W , Rocha Carlos Raphael
Published: October 2024

The integration of popular culture, particularly superhero films, into physics education has gained traction as a means to enhance student engagement and comprehension. In this paper, we present a pedagogical approach aimed at introducing quantum mechanics concepts to high school students using the superhero paradigm, focusing on Ant–Man. Our approach addresses the lack of resources utilizing quantum physics in superhero films by outlining a sequence of activities centred around the Uncertainty Principle, position, momentum, superposition of states, and the Planck scale. Through a series of classroom activities, students were encouraged to reflect on quantum mechanical concepts, propose solutions to fictional scenarios inspired by superhero narratives, and apply their understanding to new problem–solving situations. Analysis of student responses indicates that the activities effectively stimulated introductory discussions and curiosity about quantum mechanics, suggesting potential for further exploration and adaptation in physics education.
Practical teaching in secondary level certificated physics: a view from Scotland
Authors: Gray Laura , Farmer Stuart , Moore Iain
Published: October 2024

This study reports on a survey conducted in the Scottish physics education context focusing on practical work within National 5 certificated classes. The online survey was open to all practising educators and technicians in Scotland’s secondary schools and further education colleges. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the results, alongside basic thematic analysis of text responses. The results indicate a decline in practical work in the classroom but suggests this is not due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Instead, cost and availability of equipment alongside a perceived lack of time for experimental work are cited as the major difficulties. The resulting recommendations are improvements to the curriculum and support for educators to develop best practice.
Inhomogeneity detection within a head-sized phantom using tracking of charged nuclear fragments in ion beam therapy
Authors: Félix-Bautista Renato , Ghesquière-Diérickx Laura , Ochoa-Parra Pamela , Kelleter Laurent , Echner Gernot , Debus Jürgen , Jäkel Oliver , Martišíková Mária , Gehrke Tim
Published: October 2024

Objective. The highly conformal carbon-ion radiotherapy is associated with an increased sensitivity of the dose distributions to internal changes in the patient during the treatment course. Hence, monitoring methodologies capable of detecting such changes are of vital importance. We established experimental setup conditions to address the sensitivity of a monitoring approach based on secondary-fragment tracking for detecting clinically motivated air cavity dimensions in a homogeneous head-sized PMMA phantom in 40 mm depth. Approach. The air cavities were positioned within the entrance channel of a treatment field of 50 mm diameter at three lateral positions. The measured secondary-fragment emission profiles were compared to a reference measurement without cavities. The experiments were conducted at the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center in Germany at typical doses and dose rates. Main results. Significances above a detectability threshold of 2σ for the larger cavities (20 mm diameter and 4 mm thickness, and 20 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) across the entire treatment field. The smallest cavity of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness, which is on the lower limit of clinical interest, could not be detected at any position. We also demonstrated that it is feasible to reconstruct the lateral position of the cavity on average within 2.8 mm, once the cavity is detected. This is sufficient for the clinicians to estimate medical effects of such a cavity and to decide about the need for a control imaging CT. Significance. This investigation defines well-controlled reference conditions for the evaluation of the performance of any kind of treatment monitoring method and its capability to detect internal changes within head-sized objects. Four air cavities with volumes between 0.31 cm3 and 1.26 cm3 were narrowed down around the detectability threshold of this secondary-fragment-based monitoring method.
Effect of carbon coating on improved electrical and electrochemical performance of Li3Co2SbO6
Authors: Singh Arvind , Chakrabarti Shamik , Nair Manjula G , Thakur A K
Published: October 2024

We reported a novel high voltage cathode having layered structure and manifold improvement (144%) in electrochemical performance on carbon coating Li3Co2SbO6. The carbon-coated Li3Co2SbO6 has been prepared using a high temperature solid-state method in an air medium with appropriate stoichiometry of the oxide and carbon source (sucrose). The x-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy results have confirmed homogeneous carbon coating on oxide (Li3Co2SbO6) surface without disturbing phase, structure and morphology. The immediate effect of carbon coating resulted in electrical conductivity enhancement of the carbon coated Li3Co2SbO6 by four order of magnitudes ∼2.79 × 10−4 Scm−1 at room temperature vis-a-vis pristine Li3Co2SbO6. The electrochemical performance of the carbon coated Li3Co2SbO6 has shown sustainable improvement indicating redox activity by more than one Li+ transaction. The carbon coated Li3Co2SbO6 cathode exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 110 mAhg−1 compared to 45 mAhg−1 for its pristine counterpart. The improvement in electrochemical capacity on carbon coating, as reported in this work, is the highest ever compared to prior literature reports on Li3Co2SbO6.
Braneworld black bounce to transversable wormhole
Authors: Crispim Tiago M. , Estrada Milko , Muniz C.R. , Alencar G.
Published: October 2024

We provide a way for embedding a 4-dimensional geometry corresponding to the Simpson-Visser (SV) spacetime — which is capable of representing a traversable wormhole, a one-way wormhole, or a regular black hole — into a Randall-Sundrum setup. To achieve this, we linearly deform the bulk geometry and the bulk matter distribution concerning a coupling constant. These deformations induce a transition from a 5D vacuum AdS state to an anisotropic matter distribution. The latter results in the induced geometry on the brane transitioning from a singular Schwarzschild spacetime to a regularized SV spacetime. Since there are no sources or matter fields on the brane, we can assert that the induced SV geometry on the brane arises from the influence of geometrical and matter deformations in the bulk. Thus, the central singularity is suppressed. We determine the cases where the energy conditions are either satisfied or violated. Our spacetime is asymptotically radial AdS, which is intriguing given the absence of a global AdS box that would prevent instability under larger wavelength perturbations. Therefore, it is no longer appropriate to claim that instability exists for very small perturbations near the AdS horizon. Thus, we propose that the stability of the solution can be analyzed by examining the speed of sound due to the presence of matter fields in the energy momentum tensor.
Influence of quasi-electrostatic support on amplification of space charge waves in amplification section of a superheterodyne free electron laser
Authors: Lysenko A. V. , Ilin S. S.
Published: October 2024

A theoretical study of the influence of a quasi-electrostatic support on the amplification level of the slow space charge wave (SCW) in the amplification section of a superheterodyne free electron laser (FEL) was carried out. One of the ways to significantly increase the saturation level of the slow SCW is maintaining the conditions of a three-wave parametric resonance between the slow, fast SCWs and the resulting pump electric field. This can be done by introducing the quasi-electrostatic support in the superheterodyne FEL amplification section. Also, it was found that the generated pump electric field significantly influences the maintenance of parametric resonance conditions. As a result, this increases the saturation level of the slow SCW by 70%. Finally, the quasi-electrostatic support significantly reduces the maximum value of the electrostatic undulator pump field strength, which is necessary to achieve the maximum saturation level of the slow SCW.
Lamb wave TDTE super-resolution imaging assisted by deep learning
Authors: Sun 孙 Liu-Jia 刘家 , Han 韩 Qing-Bang 庆邦 , Jin 靳 Qi-Lin 琪琳
Published: October 2024

Ultrasonic Lamb waves undergo complex mode conversion and diffraction at non-penetrating defects, such as plate corrosion and cracks. Lamb wave imaging has a resolution limit due to the guided wave dispersion characteristics and Rayleigh criterion limitations. In this paper, a full convolutional network is designed to segment and reconstruct the received signals, enabling the automatic identification of target modalities. This approach eliminates clutter and mode conversion interference when calculating direct and accompanying acoustic fields in time-domain topological energy (TDTE) imaging. Subsequently, the measured accompanying acoustic field is reversed for adaptive focusing on defects and enhance the imaging quality. To circumvent the limitations of the Rayleigh criterion, the direct acoustic field and the accompanying acoustic field were fused to characterize the pixel distribution in the imaging region, achieving Lamb wave super-resolution imaging. Experimental results indicate that compared to the sign coherence factor-total focusing method (SCF-TFM), the proposed method achieves a 31.41% improvement in lateral resolution and a 29.53% increase in signal-to-noise ratio for single-blind-hole defects. In the case of multiple-blind-hole defects with spacings greater than the Rayleigh criterion resolution limit, it exhibits a 27.23% enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio. On the contrary, when the defect spacings are relatively smaller than the limit, this method has a higher resolution limit than SCF-TFM in super-resolution imaging.
Basic curvature & the Atiyah cocycle in gauge theory
Authors: Chatzistavrakidis Athanasios , Jonke Larisa
Published: October 2024

Motivated from target space covariant formulations of topological sigma models and from a graded-geometric approach to higher gauge theory, we study connections on Lie and Courant algebroids and on their description as differential graded (dg) manifolds. We revisit the notion of basic curvature for a connection on a Lie algebroid, which measures its compatibility with the Lie bracket and it appears in the BV-BRST differential of 2D gauge theories such as (twisted) Poisson and Dirac sigma models. We define a basic curvature tensor for connections on Courant algebroids and we show that in the description of a Courant algebroid as a QP2 manifold it appears naturally as part of the homological vector field together with the Gualtieri torsion of an induced generalised connection. Furthermore, we consider connections on dg manifolds and revisit the structure of gauge transformations in the graded-geometric approach to higher gauge theories from a manifestly covariant perspective. We argue that it is governed by the brackets of a Kapranov

L

∞

[
1
]

algebra, whose binary bracket is given by the Atiyah cocycle that measures the compatibility of the connection with the homological vector field. We also revisit some aspects of the derived bracket construction and show how to extend it to connections and tensors.
Optimized demand-based charging networks for long-haul trucking in Europe
Authors: Lange Jan-Hendrik , Speth Daniel , Plötz Patrick
Published: October 2024

Battery electric trucks (BETs) are the most promising option for fast and large-scale CO2 emission reduction in road freight transport. Yet, the limited range and longer charging times compared to diesel trucks make long-haul BET applications challenging, so a comprehensive fast charging network for BETs is required. However, little is known about optimal truck charging locations for long-haul trucking in Europe. Here we derive optimized truck charging networks consisting of publicly accessible locations across the continent. Based on European truck traffic flow estimates for 2030 and actual truck stop locations we construct a long-term charging network that minimizes the total number of required locations. Our approach introduces an origin-destination (OD) pair sampling method and includes local capacity constraints to compute an optimized stepwise network expansion along the highest demand routes in Europe. For an electrification target of 15% BET share in long-haul and without depot charging, our results suggest that about 91% of electric long-haul truck traffic across Europe can be enabled already with a network of 1,000 locations, while 500 locations would suffice for about 50%. We furthermore show how the coverage of OD flows scales with the number of locations and the size of the stations. Ideal locations to cover many truck trips are at highway intersections and along major European road freight corridors (TEN-T core network).
The Reception of Darwinian Evolution in Britain, 1859–1909
Authors: Hewitt Martin
Published: October 2024

Darwinism’s Generations uses the impact of Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species (1859) in the fifty years after its publication to demonstrate the effectiveness of a generational framework for understanding the cultural and intellectual history of Britain in the nineteenth century. It challenges conventional notions of the ‘Darwinian Revolution’ by examining how people from across all sections of society actually responded to Darwin’s writings. Drawing on the opinions and interventions of over 2,000 Victorians, drawn from an exceptionally wide range of archival and printed sources, it argues that the spread of Darwinian belief was slower, more complicated, more stratified by age, and ultimately shaped far more powerfully by divergent generational responses, than has previously been recognised. In doing so, it makes a number of important contributions. It offers by far the richest and most comprehensive account to date of how contemporaries came to terms with the intellectual and emotional shocks of evolutionary theory. It makes a compelling case for taking proper account of age as a fundamental historical dynamic, and for the powerful generational patternings of the effects that age produced. It demonstrates the extent to which the most common sub-periodisation of the Victorian period are best understood not merely as constituted by the exigencies of events, but are also formed by the shifting balance of generational influence. Taken together, these insights present a significant challenge to the ways historians currently approach the task of describing the nature and experience of historical change, and have fundamental implications for our current conceptions of the shape and pace of historical time.
In the Wake of the Origin
Authors: Hewitt Martin
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the evolving responses to On the Origin of Species, up to publication of The Descent of Man in 1871. The spread of evolutionary language and concepts is contrasted with continued resistance, both to evolution as a fact and Darwin’s explanations of its causes. Supporting groups had already embraced a version of evolution, or used Origin as a useful weapon in their existing struggles with the intellectual dominance of organised religion. Despite some success at influencing the institutional environment, for example the Royal Society and British Association, the learned societies remained uncongenial places for Darwin’s supporters. Case studies show that converting individuals was usually a drawn-out and difficult process. Denial became less categorical as we move from older to younger generations. Over time the emotional charge of Darwinism ebbed, but acceptance rarely followed.
HED-Start: A Brief Positive Psychology Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial to Improve Psychological Adjustment in Patients New on Hemodialysis
Authors: Griva Konstadina , Lim Phoebe X H , Chan Frederick H F , Wong Yen Peng , Loei Job , Thach Thuan Quoc , Moskowitz Judith , Khan Behram A , Choo Jason
Published: October 2024

Background

Initiation onto hemodialysis marks a critical transition with intense psychosocial demands. Interventions using cognitive–behavioral therapy to improve distress have been variably effective but require trained staff and are typically delivered only to those who screen positive for clinically significant distress. Interventions guided by positive psychology are lacking.

Purpose

To investigate the effectiveness of a brief positive-skills RCT in improving psychological adjustment in new hemodialysis patients.

Methods

Using a parallel (2:1) design, blinded cluster-randomized controlled trial (cRCT) design, incident patients (<6 months at NKF dialysis centers) undergoing hemodialysis were randomized to intervention or usual care (UC). HED-Start intervention comprised four group sessions delivered by healthcare staff on positive emotions, acceptance, and life-orientated goal setting. Measures were taken at baseline (pre-randomization) and at 12 weeks: distress/mood (HADS; SPANE); quality of life (KDQOL-SF, WHOQOL-BREF); benefit-finding (BFS, BIPQ); life-oriented skills (HEIQ, CD-RISC-2); self-efficacy (CD-SES).

Results

A total of 147 participants enrolled in the trial (response rate, 51.0%; retention [assessment], 90.5%). Study arms were comparable on all baseline and outcome variables except for age, diabetic nephropathy, and hypertensive nephrosclerosis which were subsequently controlled for. Repeated measures ANCOVAs (intention to treat) were used. HED-Start yielded significant reductions over time in depression, and increased quality of life, self-efficacy, benefit finding, and skills relative to UC (moderate effect sizes). Rates of clinically significant depression significantly decreased in HED-Start (p < .001) and increased in UC (p = .002).

Conclusions

The significant positive effects of HED-Start, a low-intensity and cost intervention, on several adjustment indices, suggest that programs focusing on positive life skills can value add to existing renal care services.
Retrospective evaluation of the world falls guidelines-algorithm in older adults
Authors: van de Loo Bob , Heymans Martijn W , Medlock Stephanie , Abu-Hanna Ameen , van der Velde Nathalie , van Schoor Natasja M
Published: October 2024

Background

The World Falls Guidelines (WFG) propose an algorithm that classifies patients as low-, intermediate-, and high-risk. We evaluated different operationalizations of the WFG algorithm and compared its predictive performance to other screening tools for falls, namely: the American Geriatrics Society and British Geriatrics Society (AGS/BGS) algorithm, the 3KQ on their own and fall history on its own.

Methods

We included data from 1509 adults aged ≥65 years from the population-based Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. The outcome was ≥1 fall during 1-year follow-up, which was ascertained using fall calendars. The screening tools’ items were retrospectively operationalized using baseline measures, using proxies where necessary.

Results

Sensitivity ranged between 30.9–48.0% and specificity ranged between 77.0–88.2%. Operationalizing the algorithm with the 3KQ instead of fall history yielded a higher sensitivity but lower specificity, whereas operationalization with the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) classification tree instead of Fried’s frailty criteria did not affect predictive performance. Compared to the WFG algorithm, the AGS/BGS algorithm and fall history on its own yielded similar predictive performance, whereas the 3KQ on their own yielded a higher sensitivity but lower specificity.

Conclusion

The WFG algorithm can identify patients at risk of a fall, especially when the 3KQ are included in its operationalization. The CFS and Fried’s frailty criteria may be used interchangeably in the algorithm’s operationalization. The algorithm performed similarly compared to other screening tools, except for the 3KQ on their own, which have higher sensitivity but lower specificity and lack clinical recommendations per risk category.
Analysis of metadynamics simulations by metadynminer.py
Authors: Beránek Jan , Křenek Aleš , Spiwok Vojtěch
Published: October 2024

Motivation

Molecular dynamics simulation is very useful but computationally demanding method of studying dynamics of biomolecular systems. Many enhanced sampling methods were developed in order to obtain the desired results in available computational time. Metadynamics and its variants are common enhanced sampling methods used for this purpose. Metadynamics simulations allow the user to gather large amounts of data, which have to be analyzed to elucidate the properties of the studied system.

Results

Here, we present metadynminer.py, a Python package that allows easy and user-friendly analysis and visualization of the results obtained from metadynamics simulations. The built-in functions automate frequent tasks and make the package easy to use for new users, while its many customization options and object-oriented nature allow for integration into specialized data analysis workflows by more advanced users.

Availability and implementation

The “metadynminer.py” Python package is available under the GPL-3.0 license via PyPi and Conda. The development version is available on GitHub along with issue support (https://github.com/Jan8be/metadynminer.py). Documentation, tutorial and Jupyter Notebook (provided through the public mybinder.org service) are available at https://metadynreporter.cz.
MOIRE: a software package for the estimation of allele frequencies and effective multiplicity of infection from polyallelic data
Authors: Murphy Maxwell , Greenhouse Bryan
Published: October 2024

Motivation

Malaria parasite genetic data can provide insight into parasite phenotypes, evolution, and transmission. However, estimating key parameters such as allele frequencies, multiplicity of infection (MOI), and within-host relatedness from genetic data is challenging, particularly in the presence of multiple related coinfecting strains. Existing methods often rely on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data and do not account for within-host relatedness.

Results

We present Multiplicity Of Infection and allele frequency REcovery (MOIRE), a Bayesian approach to estimate allele frequencies, MOI, and within-host relatedness from genetic data subject to experimental error. MOIRE accommodates both polyallelic and SNP data, making it applicable to diverse genotyping panels. We also introduce a novel metric, the effective MOI (eMOI), which integrates MOI and within-host relatedness, providing a robust and interpretable measure of genetic diversity. Extensive simulations and real-world data from a malaria study in Namibia demonstrate the superior performance of MOIRE over naive estimation methods, accurately estimating MOI up to seven with moderate-sized panels of diverse loci (e.g. microhaplotypes). MOIRE also revealed substantial heterogeneity in population mean MOI and mean relatedness across health districts in Namibia, suggesting detectable differences in transmission dynamics. Notably, eMOI emerges as a portable metric of within-host diversity, facilitating meaningful comparisons across settings when allele frequencies or genotyping panels differ. Compared to existing software, MOIRE enables more comprehensive insights into within-host diversity and population structure.

Availability and implementation

MOIRE is available as an R package at https://eppicenter.github.io/moire/.
In vitro maturation of oocytes: what is already known?
Authors: Morato Ana Luiza Camargos , Verruma Carolina Gennari , Furtado Cristiana Libardi Miranda , dos Reis Rosana Maria
Published: October 2024

Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) involve the laboratory manipulation of gametes and embryos to help couples with fertility problems become pregnant. One of these procedures, controlled ovarian stimulation, uses pharmacological agents to induce ovarian and follicular maturation in vivo. Despite the effectiveness in achieving pregnancy and live births, some patients may have complications due to over-response to gonadotropins and develop ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes has emerged as a technique to reduce the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, particularly in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, and for fertility preservation in women undergoing oncological treatment. Although there are some limitations, primarily due to oocyte quality, recent advances have improved pregnancy success rates and neonatal and infant outcomes. Different terms have been coined to describe variations of IVM, and the technique has evolved with the introduction of hormones to optimize results. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of IVM relating hormonal priming, culture system and media, and clinical indications for IVM with its reproductive outcomes during ARTs.
Contrasting patterns of differentiation among three taxa of the rapidly diversifying orchid genus Ophrys sect. Insectifera (Orchidaceae) where their ranges overlap
Authors: Salvado Pascaline , Gibert Anaïs , Schatz Bertrand , Vandenabeele Lucas , Buscail Roselyne , Vilasís David , Feldmann Philippe , Bertrand Joris A M
Published: October 2024

In rapidly diversifying groups, taxa defined on the basis of typological criteria can be difficult to support with genetic data. The diversity observed in the insect-mimicking orchid genus Ophrys perfectly illustrates this situation; among 400 described species only 9–10 lineages are detectable by genetic markers such as nrITS. The three taxa described in the Ophrys insectifera group, O. insectifera, O. subinsectifera, and O. aymoninii, can be clearly distinguished by their flowers, which have evolved different phenotypes as a result of adaptation to specific pollinator insect species from three different families. However, genetic differentiation between these three taxa has never been really supported by population genetic data and their taxonomic status is still debated. Using population genomic approaches, we found a clustering consistent with the existence of three genetic entities where the geographic distributions of the three taxa overlap. Two of these clusters correspond to France populations of the widespread O. insectifera and the micro-endemic O. aymoninii. However, the last cluster grouped together all the Iberian individuals, suggesting that individuals phenotypically identified as either O. insectifera or O. subinsectifera are genetically weakly differentiated there. Populations of the two pairs of taxa thus may have experienced different patterns of inter-specific gene flow.
Keratosis lichenoides chronica with pulmonary tuberculosis: a possible association
Authors: Ratnika  , Ketki  , Riya  , Bansal Bhavika
Published: October 2024

Keratosis lichenoides chronica, also known as Nekam disease, is a rare papulosquamous dermatosis of unknown aetiology. It is characterized by violaceous papular and nodular lesions typically arranged in a linear and reticulated pattern. Here we report the case of a 72-year-old male patient diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis who subsequently developed a constellation of features suggestive of keratosis lichenoides chronica.