bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced railway sound event detection using YAMNet and classification criteria
Authors: BETTON-PLOYON Erwann , KACEM Abbes , MARS Jérôme , MARTIN Nadine
Published: October 2024

The segmentation-by-classification method has become a popular way to detect sound events. It uses neural networks, trained to detect sound sources on short signals (one tenth of a second to a second), or long-term signals divided into a succession of short segments. In this paper,
we focus on detecting train pass-bys from long term signals, where it is assumed that railway noise is higher than ambient noise. Using the neural network YAMNet, we show that a processing stage is necessary to improve the segmentation of such events and reduce the high false positive rate.
The applied criteria are related to the nature of a train pass-by, lasting several seconds and with broad frequency band. Around 90% of events are detected with proper boundaries. However, we observe that YAMNet is not designed to distinguish railway vehicles from other vehicles. False positive
rate remains high whenever other vehicles travel near the measurement location. Additional AI models are proposed to perform this specific distinction. Their efficiency depends on train type, as recent passenger train noise resembles roadway noise. Otherwise, false positive rate decreases
below 10%, and the railway noise contribution estimate aligns with the reference level, within a 0.5 dB(A) margin on average.
Acoustic assessment of pavement structural health
Authors: MUIRHEAD Matthew , MARTIN James , EDMONDSON Victoria , BAILEY Helen
Published: October 2024

Determining the in-situ asset condition of a pavement is necessary to programme pavement renewal and life extension work. Concrete pavements can develop different forms of structural faults including variable types of cracking, spalling, slab rocking, corrosion of reinforcement and
softening of subgrade. This paper reports on work designed to detect deterioration before it manifests at the surface, in the form of defects that would only then have been picked up through visual inspection. The approach involves non-destructive, real-time monitoring with a Close Proximity
(CPX) trailer, utilising both microphones and a tri-axial accelerometer. Dependent on its condition, the concrete pavement and subgrade will respond differently to traffic induced acoustic noise and vibration from the tyres. The variability in response is analysed using specialist spectral
and acoustic signal processing techniques, to detect any internal and external cracks in the pavement, as well as to assess the condition of the subgrade. By characterising the pavement into uncracked, lightly cracked and heavily cracked areas, the collected data is used to map crack locations
and their severity. Repeated surveys will allow temporal changes to be monitored and its rate of decay to be predicted, enabling the scheduling of renewal and life extension to be optimised.
Developing a combined mapping representation of air and noise pollutions
Authors: JAMARD Pierre , MIETLICKI Fanny , DECOURT Victor , JOLY Fabrice , ABDOUSSI Fatine
Published: October 2024

Airparif and Bruitparif, observatories for air and noise pollutions in the Ile-de-France region, have worked together to develop a combined mapping representation of air and noise pollutions. On the one hand, Bruitparif has tested different approaches to propose a noise indicator taking
into account the various exposures to road, air and traffic noise, according to the strategic noise maps. On the other hand, Airparif has developed an air quality indicator taking into account the main regulated air pollutants. They have finally put together an original method of mapping representation
of the double exposure to noise and air pollutions. Mapping combining air and noise pollutions is an efficient diagnostic tool for municipalities. This makes it possible to identify the areas at stake: those that are preserved from these pollutions and should be protected, and those that are
highly exposed and where action must be taken. It offers a wide range of uses, like cross-referencing of air-noise data with the location of establishments receiving vulnerable groups, or making comparison with socio-economic data and health indicators.
Slovenian policies and initiatives addressing noise and acoustics issues in kindergartens and schools
Authors: JERAM Sonja , FLANDER Aljoša
Published: October 2024

The focus of this paper is on Slovenian policies and initiatives addressing acoustics and noise issues in kindergartens and schools. Despite crucial legislation for noise protection in buildings, technical guidelines are inconsistently followed, resulting in reverberation issues in
various educational premises. Surveys gathered teachers' opinions on noise disturbance in three categories: kindergartens, primary schools, and a broader survey on dietary guidelines, which included questions on noise in dining areas. Preliminary findings reveal that primary schools, more
than kindergartens, view noise as a significant concern, particularly acoustics over external sources. A National Institute of Public Health study, covering 653 education institutions, found that 107 primary schools considered noise disturbing. Poor acoustics was identified as the primary
cause of disturbance in 171 of all institutions. Additional reasons included loud children, overcrowded places, and insufficient caregiver supervision. Information from a specialized noise and acoustics company highlighted nearly 180 interventions in Slovenian educational institutions over
15 years, primarily in primary schools (104), followed by kindergartens (11), and music schools (26). The widespread need for improvements underscores the importance of awareness and recommendations for schools, kindergartens, and municipalities to enhance the educational sound environment.
This work was partly supported by the EU H2020 Equal-Life project.
Phase shift in optical fiber induced by mechanical stress
Authors: BRETON Eliott , DESJOUY Cyril , O'DONOUGHUE Patrick , PéZéRAT Charles , PELAT Adrien , BROCHARD Pierre
Published: October 2024

This work refers to the vibration optimization of a fiber optic interferometer whose detection performance may be compromised due to external mechanical or acoustic excitations. In such an interferometer, the optical path is split into two arms, with one significantly longer than the
other. Optimizing the interferometer involves minimizing the phase difference of light caused by mechanical deformations, particularly in the long arm, resulting from unintended external excitations. Extending previous works from Hocker, who considered isotropic compression and longitudinal
stress, we also investigate an additional mechanical load on the fiber: torsional stress. All these different loads will be compared to determine which one induces the most significant phase shift. Ultimately, incorporating protection into the equations will lead to a more realistic model.
This approach will allow us to identify the most suitable protective materials to achieve a fiber optic interferometer resilient to external constraints.
Enhancing railway noise reduction through advanced multilayer acoustic absorbent systems with tunable resonators
Authors: SOUSA Laura , GODINHO Luís , AMADO MENDES Paulo
Published: October 2024

Railway noise poses a significant environmental challenge, prompting the need for effective mitigation strategies. In response, noise barriers are often employed to reduce noise near railways. This research focuses on the use of porous materials, more specifically porous concrete, for
acoustic absorption, particularly in the context of railway noise reduction. A novel approach is proposed, wherein porous multilayer metamaterial systems are developed, with each layer's macroscopic parameters strategically optimized to enhance the overall sound absorption curve. Additionally,
to broaden the frequency range of noise attenuation, tunable resonators are seamlessly integrated into the multilayer system. The analytical framework for analyzing both the multilayer system and resonators involves employing equivalent fluid models and the analytical transfer matrix method.
Linear regressions were employed to establish relationships between porosity, density, and other macroscopic parameters, enabling the derivation of the sound absorption curve solely from these parameters. Through systematic optimization and integration of resonators, it is expected that, the
proposed approach demonstrates significant advancements in railway noise reduction efficacy across a wide frequency range. This research aims to contribute to the development of more efficient and versatile acoustic absorbent systems for mitigating railway noise pollution.
Noise monitoring in primary schools: comparisons between different time-dependent parameters for acoustic performance evaluation
Authors: BATTAGLIARIN Lisa , CAPPELLETTI Francesca , ROMAGNONI Piercarlo , DI BELLA Antonino
Published: October 2024

The A-weighted equivalent sound level is commonly used to describe or regulate environmental noise over a defined time interval. Although it is very convenient and easy to compare noise limits or requirements, it does not provide summary information on how noise evolves. On the other
hand, the detailed analysis of the history of the measurements over time is too burdensome in the case of long-term monitoring. As part of a large study that aims to investigate the effects of noise on the cognitive abilities of primary school children, long-term unattended monitoring was
carried out using low-cost instrumentation based on smartphone apps and calibrated external microphones. From the data obtained, acoustic indices and parameters were calculated, which allowed the assessment of the time-dependent noise exposure of the students based on the type of activity
carried out in class. This analysis can be useful for validating the acoustic design requirements in schools.
Accounting for the vehicle influence on tyre noise through acoustic simulation based on equivalent monopole sources
Authors: DALLASTA Samanta , RAPINO Luca , RIPAMONTI Francesco , BARO Simone , CORRADI Roberto
Published: October 2024

Road traffic noise poses a risk to human health and amongst the different noise sources, tyre-road interaction plays a fundamental role. Due to the regulations introduced to limit noise levels, tyre manufacturers are committed to design acoustically optimized tyres. In this context,
a numerical-experimental approach for including vehicle influence on tyre noise has been investigated. As a first step, equivalent monopole sources are identified based on the measurements of the radiated sound field of a rolling tyre in a semi-anechoic chamber. In a second step, the same
sound sources are then employed for the prediction of sound propagation when tyres are mounted on a vehicle, which is included in the acoustic simulation. Finally, a validation against indoor experimental measurements is performed, yielding promising results.
Comparing low frequency impact insulation measured with the rubber ball versus the tapping machine
Authors: DONG Wayland , LOVERDE John
Published: October 2024

The heavy/soft impact source or rubber ball, defined in ISO 10140 and 16283, is used primarily in Japan and Korea to evaluate low-frequency impact insulation from sources such as walking without shoes and children jumping. ASTM test methods currently do not include the heavy/soft source,
and low frequency impact noise insulation is currently measured with the tapping machine using ratings such as LIR and LIIC per ASTM E3207. ISO ratings using spectrum adaptation terms from 50 Hz or lower can also be used. The relationship between these ratings and those measured using the
heavy/soft source has not been well characterized for assemblies that are common in North America. The authors present field and laboratory data of impact insulation with both sources. Analysis of the data describes the relationship between the sources, the information they provide to the
designers of floor assemblies, and implications for classifications of low frequency impact insulation.
Experimental encircling of an exceptional point in a two degrees of freedom system: overview and application to noise control
Authors: EVEN Nicolas , NENNIG Benoit , PERREY-DEBAIN Emmanuel , LEFEBVRE Gautier
Published: October 2024

When a resonator is added to an acoustic cavity or a vibrating structure, a new resonance frequency, or pole, is created in the system. When dissipation is present, this may breakdown when some parameters are finely tuned. This phenomenon, typical of non-Hermitian dynamics is called
an exceptional point in the parametric space where two (or more) eigenvalues, as well as their associated eigenvectors, coalesce. In the recent years, EPs have gained interest in physics because of the counter-intuitive concepts associated with them. In the fields of acoustics and vibration,
understanding EP may lead to a better comprehension of modal energy exchanges and decay. This work aims at exploring the key concepts related to EPs by revisiting the well-known coupled pendulums problem in the presence of damping. First, the free response of the experimental system is investigated
after tuning it on an EP. Then an encircling is performed by varying the parameters through time. Our experimental results illustrate in a pedagogical manner nearly-optimal dissipation, energy exchange and chirality effects which have been recently evidenced in physics.
Consideration on the efficient calibration method for low-cost microphones
Authors: CHO Wan-Ho , JUNG In-Jee
Published: October 2024

Current microphone calibration methods in the international standards are basically targeting laboratory and working standard microphones specified in the IEC 61094-2 and IEC 61094-4, respectively. These methods are promising to ensure the reliability however there are many difficulties
in applying it to low-cost acoustic sensors such as MEMS microphones, which are rapidly becoming widespread, with aspects of time and cost. Moreover, since the installation conditions for these low-cost microphones are different from those of standardized measurement microphones, calibration
methods that take these usage conditions into consideration are required. As potential methods to overcome the problems, the feasibility of the active coupler method applicable to surface mounted condition and the bulk calibration method in the reverberation room are investigated. Both proposed
methods can be applied under actual installation conditions and enable rapid and cost-efficient calibration. In this study, methods and procedures for securing traceability are proposed, and uncertainty evaluation is conducted.
Characterizing urban acoustic environments by clustering sensor node measurements
Authors: BOTTELDOOREN Dick , DE POORTERE Nele , TAILLEUR Modan , CAN Arnaud
Published: October 2024

Equivalent sound pressure levels have been widely used to assess the impact of the sonic environment on persons. At the same time, it has been demonstrated that sound sensor networks allow to extract a wealth of information about the living environment. Nevertheless it has not been
clearly demonstrated how to summarize this information. To this end, we used advanced non-linear clustering methods to group 15-minute sound environments based on a wide range of classical acoustic indicators such as peak levels, statistical levels, spectral center of gravity. Machine learning
methods identifying the sound sources that are present based on 1/3 octave band levels measured at 125 msec interval, are then used to better understand why these clusters emerge. The methodology is applied to 150 bedroom window measurements gathered in the Equal-Life project. Preliminary
results show that groups of pre-school children with specific cognitive development and mental health are related to different diurnal patterns of sound environment clusters. These results can be interpreted in the larger context of living environments extracted from environmental sound sensing
networks.
The influence of the tyre air cavity on the rolling noise
Authors: KROPP Wolfgang
Published: October 2024

Road traffic is the main source of environmental noise. While combustion noise has been reduced over the years, it appears to be difficult to reduce rolling noise. Even for electrical vehicles at moderate speeds rolling noise is a main contributor to the exterior noise. The main cause
of rolling noise is the excitation of vibrations on the tyre structure by contact forces due to varying road roughness and/or tyre profile. However, we know that when rolling over obstacles like rails or bridge joints, the cavity noise due to the excitation of tyre cavity modes is clearly
audible. Therefore, one can assume that cavity modes also contribute to tyre/road noise on rough roads. This paper makes the attempt to demonstrate the contribution of cavity noise as function of road roughness and tyre profile. The Chalmers tyre/road interaction model is used for the simulations.
A modified radiation model allows for calculating the contribution of each individual tyre mode to the radiated sound. In this way the contribution of the cavity modes can be determined. Results indicate that at least for rough road surfaces the contribution of the cavity modes is of importance
for the exterior sound.
Acoustic properties of Helmholtz resonator filled with granulated polymer waste material
Authors: POTO?áR Juraj , JUN David , UNčíK Stanislav , GLORIEUX Christ , RYCHTARIKOVA Monika
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the acoustic absorption performance of cavity resonators filled with different types of polymer waste material instead of traditional porous material. The absorption spectrum was determined by impedance tube measurements. The data are compared with the ones obtained
for the empty resonator and the resonator filled with polyester fiber board. Granulated polymer-filled cavities hold potential applications in construction, particularly as a sound absorber for building facades or noise barriers. This research contributes to the exploration of new sustainable
practices within the construction industry. The presented research was performed in the framework of the EU H2020 - MSCA - DN project ActaReBuild.
Computational prediction of impact sound insulation of a timber floor excited by an ISO standard tapping machine
Authors: LIETZéN Jesse , KOVALAINEN Ville , KYLLIäINEN Mikko , PAJUNEN Sami
Published: October 2024

During the last decades, researchers have actively developed procedures to predict impact sound insulation of timber slabs and floors using the finite element method (FEM). Since the simulations have mainly been performed in the low frequencies, a full understanding of their suitability
for research and development (R&D) purposes has not yet been created. The object of the study reported in this paper was to determine the applicability of a modern FEM simulation procedure for predicting the normalised impact sound pressure level Ln of a full timber floor, when information
provided by material manufacturers is used as input data. Force excitation caused by the ISO standard tapping machine was determined utilizing explicit time integration and FEM. The modelling of sound radiation itself was performed in a frequency domain FEM analysis. The models of a timber
floor in its construction stages were constructed before the laboratory measurements of impact sound insulation so that the set-up corresponded to a simulated R&D task. Based on the prediction results, the applied procedure was considered suitable for R&D purposes and needs for further
studies were identified.
Acoustic behaviour and acoustic treatment strategies for the baroque church of Santuari del Miracle, Solsonès, Lleida
Authors: ARNELA Marc , SCOCZYNSKI RIBEIRO Rodrigo , REBOLLO Martí , ALSINA-PAGèS Rosa Ma
Published: October 2024

The church of Santuari del Miracle, located in the Catalan region of Solsonès, Lleida, is a unique barroque church in Catalonia that hosts Baroque music performances, like the festival Espurnes Barroques. However, according to the musicians and the audience, it is too reverberant
to play this style of music. The objective of this work is to examine the current acoustic performance of the church and to propose acoustic treatment strategies that are respectful of this unique heritage building. Impulse response measurements are first performed following ISO 3382-1 standards,
using Odeon software to assess reverberation time (T30), Early Decay Time (EDT), Clarity (C50), and Definition (D50). Simulations are next performed using Odeon. They are used to refine the smallest perceptible differences from the measured data and to examine potential treatment strategies.
The proposed solution consists of elements based on variable acoustics that can be easily hidden or removed, thus preserving the original acoustics of this heritage building.
Empirical validation and engineering model comparison of outdoor long-range 3D GPU FDTD acoustic simulations with turbulence
Authors: MONTANARO Hazael , PACHALE Urs , LINCKE Dorothea , PIEREN Reto
Published: October 2024

We build upon previous work which introduced an acoustic GPU-accelerated 3D Finite-Difference Time-Domain solver, Empapu, equipped with a dynamic moving frame and turbulence modeled as a position-dependent refractive index for long-range outdoor sound propagation simulations. This physics-based
model would serve as a benchmark to assess different engineering models, e.g., ISO 9613-2, CNOSSOS-EU and sonX, in the presence of uneven terrain with different ground properties and an inhomogeneous atmosphere. The solver now integrates an improved model of turbulence reproducing the kinetic
spectral energy of velocity fluctuations, derived from wind velocity fields, with an eddy (quasiwavelet) approach, relevant in long-range propagations. This study validates our model by comparing level differences in third-octave band spectra at receiver points up to 300 m to analytical methods
and measurements in a mostly flat topography comprised of asphalt and grassland. Further analysis is done by comparing results in different locations in Switzerland in the presence of uneven ground and barriers. This work will provide a physics-based basis for evaluating and comparing engineering
models for outdoor sound propagation in lieu of measurements.
Developing guidelines for a reproducible method for low-frequency impact measurements in buildings
Authors: GIRDHAR Sunit , DONG Wayland , LOVERDE John
Published: October 2024

The impact noise performance in buildings is evaluated using the measured radiated sound pressure level when impacted by a standard tapping machine. Recent work has shown that there can be 4 - 5 dB variation in the sound pressure levels at different measurement locations in the room.
This can lead to a high reproducibility error for field tests. In this work, the authors have developed a novel reciprocity-based measurement method that shows approximately 1 - 1 .25 dB standard deviation in low-frequencies. Additionally, this method provides output/input ratio-based measurements,
which can be useful in design predictions. The method was developed using a simulation model and verified using testing in three structures.
Study on averaging method of event related potentials under noise
Authors: TAMESUE Takahiro
Published: October 2024

Open offices that make effective use of limited space and encourage dialogue, interaction, and collaboration among employees, are becoming an increasingly. However, productive work-related conversation might actually decrease the performance of other employees within earshot more so
than other random, meaningless noises. The presence of noise during the performance of cognitive tasks involving such as memory, commonly causes a subjective experience of annoyance, which can lead to a decline in performance. This tendency is stronger in response to meaningful noise, such
as music and conversation, than for meaningless noise, such as the sound of traffic, and heating ventilating and air-conditioning noise. It is well known that the Event-Related Potential (ERP) in the brain wave elicited by internal or external stimuli are related to the operation of selective
attention. The present experiment was designed to determine the effects of the noise on ERPs in the auditory odd-ball paradigms. In order to examined differences in the ERP components due to the noise, performance of algorithm for estimating waveform of ERPs such as averaging method is evaluated.
Are synthesised indoor noise signals using the sound reduction index of the façade sufficient to predict the annoyance of outdoor noise?
Authors: ZEITLER Berndt , SCHNEIDER Martin , REINHOLD Steffi , RUFF Andreas , CUNHA Iara , MUELLER-TRAPET Markus
Published: October 2024

Several studies have demonstrated the high level of annoyance caused by traffic noise to persons indoors. However, predicting how annoyed the resident are, is a quite complex and time-consuming task, especially if the scope includes the annoyance of different types of traffic noise
through different facade elements. Ideally one would ask the residents within their homes how annoyed they are by the current traffic noise situation. But how do you ensure the residents are confronted with many different sources with different spectra. Common practice is to record the traffic
noise indoors over a long period of time, cut the recordings into smaller segments, and play them back to the subject in a listening room or via headphones. This way the same signals can be presented to a larger set of subjects. These measurements would then need to be repeated at different
locations. Therefore, the goal of this study is to investigate if indoor noise signals that are "filtered" using the sound reduction index of the façade give the same annoyance results as the actual recorded indoor noise signals. Thereby, making it only necessary to capture
outdoor noise signals and simulating the transmission through a variety of different "artificial" facades.
Towards topology optimisation of poroelastic materials using field-based heuristics
Authors: THAMINNI RAMAMOORTHY Vivek , BECOT Francois-Xavier
Published: October 2024

In passive noise control, it is well known that the shapes of acoustic porous material absorbers can be modified to achieve favourable resonances resulting in high sound absorption. However, finding the optimised shapes for a given sound field environment is challenging as it involves
solving an inverse problem. Recently, the use of topology optimisation for designing the shapes of acoustic porous material absorbers has gained interest. Previous studies suggest that conventional gradient methods can often result in local optimal results that may be poorer in overall absorption
than what can be achieved by using heuristic optimisation techniques. In this study, the use of field variables such as acoustic pressures and velocities in developing better heuristic optimisation methods are explored with the aim of avoiding cumbersome gradient computations. The acoustic
shapes produced by the field-based heuristics are compared with traditional approaches to develop insights as to what patterns in the shape designs contribute to improved sound absorption in various target frequencies.
The importance of considering both acoustic and non-acoustic factors in mitigating the effects of aircraft noise on residents' well-being
Authors: NGUYEN THU LAN , YANO Takashi
Published: October 2024

This study examines the effect of temporal changes in aircraft noise exposure in Vietnam, focusing on the influence of non-acoustic factors. Using data from surveys conducted around Tan Son Nhat Airport (TSN) and Noi Bai Airport (NB), the study explores changes in noise exposure levels,
evaluates the applicability of existing regulations, and assesses the impact of non-acoustic factors. Surveys conducted around NB between 2014 and 2018 examined operational changes, while those around TSN investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic between 2019 and 2023. Findings suggest
that non-acoustic factors significantly shape community responses to noise. This study underscores the importance of implementing comprehensive noise regulation policies that consider both acoustic and non-acoustic factors in mitigating aircraft noise impacts on residents' well-being, particularly
in emerging and developing countries.
Broiler chicken vocalization analysis during a medium-scale heat stress experiment
Authors: THOMAS Pieter , GRZYWALSKI Tomasz , HOU Yuanbo , SOSTER DE CARVALHO Patricia , DE GUSSEM Maarten , ANTONISSEN Gunther , TUYTTENS Frank , DE POORTER Eli , DEVOS Paul , BOTTELDOOREN Dick
Published: October 2024

The poultry industry in Flanders, Belgium, is characterized by highly efficient production mechanisms. To improve awareness for animal health and welfare, the use of neural network-based broiler vocalization detectors has been recently proposed in scientific literature. However, these
tools have not yet been tested when used continuously in large-scale deployments. This paper describes the deployment of the broiler vocalization detector to analyze the sonic environment during four experimental rounds, each containing 560 broilers, in a medium scale housing at ILVO, Belgium.
Half the broilers were subjected to periods of heat stress (ambient temperature increased to 32°C for 6h/day for 10 days during the last weeks of their lives) and the effect on the diurnal broiler vocalization pattern and occurrence of warbles, pleasure notes, short beeps and distress
calls is discussed. While these four different types of vocalizations are common vocalizations in young birds, new types of vocalizations are emerging at an older age. A clustering has been performed to further analyze these new types of vocalizations occurring.
Stick, slip... bounce? Influence of violin bow rotational inertia on bouncing strokes
Authors: SALVADOR CASTRILLO Víctor , ABLITZER Frédéric , FRITZ Claudia
Published: October 2024

Prior perceptual tests using an experimental bow whose moment of inertia (relative to the pivot around the thumb) could be modified by moving small masses along the stick have indicated that violinists exhibit significant sensitivity to this parameter. This sensitivity was particularly
notable when playing bouncing strokes like sautillé: some players reported perceiving a shift in the bouncing point, which refers to where the bow naturally bounces. Using the same experimental bow, we wanted to investigate further this influence of the bow rotational inertia. Through
modal analysis, we examined the influence of moment of inertia on the bow's dynamic behavior. Additionally, a playing experiment involving motion capture was conducted on one player to explore how his control parameters were affected by a change of moment of inertia. This is of interest for
bow makers as they can easily adjust the moment of inertia without affecting the stick's integrity by just varying the weight of the tip plate.
Characterization of sound absorption by a foliage hedge at oblique incidence
Authors: ATTAL Emmanuel , SEKKO Edgard , RAVIER Philippe , DAUCHEZ Nicolas
Published: October 2024

Global warming requires public authorities to introduce legislation to protect urban air quality. Among existing environmental solutions, green walls meet this objective by reducing micro-particles, while improving biodiversity, sustainable development, thermal aspects and noise reduction.
Numerous studies have demonstrated the noise-reducing benefits of vegetation. Despite the many published works on street modelling, most of them do not consider the effect of the incidence angle of rays on green walls. However, this can have very significant effects on wave absorption. The
impact of the incidence angle of a sound wave passing through a foliage media on acoustic absorption is proposed in this paper by considering the Horoshenkov-Miki model. The effective parameters (density and compressibility) of a foliage sample for several leaves arrangements are first compared
with those obtained experimentally by the transfer matrix method. These parameters are then used to map the absorption coefficient of this media as a function of the incidence angle.
Porous material characterization with Bayesian and machine learning method
Authors: CHEVILLOTTE Fabien
Published: October 2024

Two main classes of characterization methods are usually employed for acoustic parameters of porous media, namely the analytical inversion method or the numerical fitting procedure. While analytical inverse methods suffer from a high sensivity to the operator, the numerical fitting
methods can lead to non physical sets of parameters. The fitting procedure can be bounded by the analytical inversion. The Bayesian method, which is presented in this work, is the appropriate tool to couple these methods. It enables to carry out a numerical fitting procedure using the analytical
inversion as prior estimation while increasing the confidence in the resulting uncertainties. In a second part, machine learning method and data mining are used as an alternative characterization method which could be a good prior estimation for the Bayesian method. Results and performances
will be shown for various porous media.
Exploring the frequency response of mobile phones applications for sound monitoring in urban green spaces
Authors: PEIXOTO Nara Gabriela de Mesquita Peixoto , BRUM Ricardo , LúCIA CORRêA Silva , MONTEIRO Leonardo Marques
Published: October 2024

Citizen science engages non-professional scientists globally in scientific endeavors, fostering commitment to environmental conservation initiatives. This research explores the frequency response of mobile phones for sound monitoring, particularly in the context of urban green spaces.
The method involves Laboratory tests at the Brazilian National Metrology Institute, Standardization, and Industrial Quality (Inmetro), evaluating two Android and one iOS devices using the NoiseCapture and Openoise apps. Laboratory tests conform to the frequency response standards outlined
in IEC 61672-1, covering the 63Hz to 16kHz range. Following this, the devices captured audio scenes encompassing human, natural, and machine sounds at the University of São Paulo campus. Findings revealed that the frequency response of iPhones functioned as Class 2 sound level meters
except for low-frequency bands. Android consistently performed similarly across both applications tested and exhibited acceptable performance in mid-range frequencies. Therefore, when considering citizen science projects, emphasis should be placed on app selection, prioritizing additional
features like sound mapping. Field results showed minimal errors from human and transportation sounds but challenges with high-frequency components from birds, insects, and machines. The study concludes the necessity for alternative measurement systems identifying animal sound sources, along
with involving non-professional scientists in scientific research.
Sound of natural and artificial rain impact on ETFE membranes
Authors: LAVASANI Majid , CHMELíK Vojtech , SLUYTS Yannick , RYCHTARIKOVA Monika , GLORIEUX Christ
Published: October 2024

Thin membranes are known to produce a drum-like effect when subjected to rainfall. Rain noise affects acoustic comfort and might disrupt communication, speech intelligibility and cognitive task performance. Therefore, assessment of the characteristics of noise produced by impact of
rain on membranes in different architectural settings is important. Given inherent disparities between natural and artificial precipitation-primarily in terms of droplet size distribution and terminal velocities-underscores the importance of conducting evaluations using natural rain noise.
The focus of this study is on the comparative assessment of the sound generated by natural rainfall versus the sound generated by the impact of individual droplet in a semi-anechoic room on single Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) membranes. The study assesses the extent of spectral variations
of the rain sound produced in both approaches and the corresponding absolute value of noise intensity.
Harmonic acoustic pneumatic source (HAPS) to generate sound at very low-frequency
Authors: MICHEAU Philippe , PIERRE Grandjean , LAJOIE Pierre-Olivier , CHAMARD Jean-Christophe , MELON Manuel
Published: October 2024

At very low frequency, the loudspeakers face technical issues (size, weight, energy consumption). An alternative to the electrodynamic loudspeaker is the Harmonic Acoustic Pneumatic Source (HAPS) demonstrated efficient in active tonal control. It comprises a high-pressure pneumatic
air source, a rotating flow chopper, and an exhaust. The rotation of the flow chopper generates a pulsed flow which radiated noise out from the exhaust. An analytical model of the HAPS is presented to introduce the main challenge associated with its use at very low frequencies: having a high
mean flow rate with a relatively small exhaust duct section. To overcome these challenge, a dedicated flexible tube (under light mean pressure) is added to the exhaust circuit to obtain a pulsating sphere activated by a HAPS. This configuration has been experimentally studied in a semi-anechoic
room with two flexible tubes and without. The sound pressure level of the first harmonic at 1 meter range from 75 to 95 dB SPL (25 to 160 Hz, plenum pressure from 5 to 20 PSI). Thanks to fluid-structure interaction, the fundamental harmonic sound levels radiated by the compliant tube were
free of jet noise. The drawback is the high harmonic distortion observed during the experiments.
Fitness club adjacent to a quiet corporate office - Prototypes
Authors: HOFFMAN Gabrielle , KULAKAUSKAS Fabio , NEPOMUCENO José
Published: October 2024

There is a demand for fitness clubs in hotels, residential, and corporate buildings - sometimes adjacent to sensitive spaces. Activities involving weight drops and spinning bikes, among others, cause dynamic forces in the structure that propagate through the building's structure and
radiate airborne sound. There is an effort by acousticians worldwide to establish a standardized method for measuring and rating the noise radiated by gyms into adjacent areas. This article describes the construction of a gym over a corporate office, occupying an area of 2100 m2 each. The
gym's floor structure is a concrete and steel deck, and the office below has low sound levels. The goal of making gym activity inaudible in the office is undoable in practice. We tested several prototypes to arrive at a double insulation system with a floating slab with natural rubber mounts.
A system of dynamic dampers was installed to reduce the movement of the floating slab with the dynamic excitation above it. The results of the prototype were auspicious. This paper presents the measurements of the natural frequency of the structure and the floating slab, the transmissibility
of the system, and the differences in vibratory velocity from the floating floor to the structure.
Modeling and optimization of acantilevered energy harvester partially covered by a macro fiber vomposite patch
Authors: MHIRI Mohamed Taha , CHOUCHANE Mnaouar , GUERICH Mohamed , LARBI Walid
Published: October 2024

Piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEH) are recognized as smart structural devices, offering researchers an innovative approach to estimate the energy harvested from real vibration sources. This work presents linear analytical methods for predicting the energy harvested from an unimorph
cantilevered beam with a proof mass, with a substrate partially covered by a Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) patch. In order to enhance a PEH that can generate more density of electrical power, a new framework for MFC harvesters with discontinuous geometries using Euler-Bernoulli assumptions is
proposed. The length of the harvester can be divided into three parts of uniform beams followed by applying appropriate continuity conditions. Mixing rules are used to derive the equivalent properties of the MFC patch which is considered as five layers. The active layer contains a piezoceramic
macro fibers embedded within an epoxy matrix, which is fully covered by electrode and Kapton layers. The excitation of the system is assumed to be at its base. The proposed method is validated through experimental comparison issued from the literature. The results indicate that the location
of the MFC patch has a significantly affect to the density of electrical power, the optimal resistance and the natural frequencies.
Acoustics and vibration based milling diagnostics using supervised machine learning approaches
Authors: KNITTEL Dominique , MAKICH Hamid , NOUARI Mohammed
Published: October 2024

In industrial machining processes, tool failures may result in losses in surface and dimensional accuracy of a finished part, or possible damage to both the work piece and the machine. Consequently, tool condition monitoring has become essential to achieve high-quality machining as
well as cost-effective production. Moreover, cutting tool degradation may vary considerably under different operation conditions and materials behaviour. Therefore, real time identification of the tool state during machining is critical. In this study the acoustic and vibration responses of
the cutting tool and of the workpiece material are measured with the help of a microphone and a piezoelectric accelerometer. Many milling experiments were conducted for different conditions and tool failures, from which features were calculated in time and frequency domains and then split
into two groups: 80% for the machine learning model training, 20% for the test phase. Then several supervised machine learning approaches have been applied and compared. Results of our study are implemented in a real tool wear predictive maintenance framework.
Engaging under-represented groups in soundscape evaluation through creative, embodied listening practices
Authors: CHATBURN Kathryn
Published: October 2024

Soundscape studies has been dominated by responses from hearing and neuro normative, middle class and English-speaking communities, often ignoring how noise can illuminate urban power structures and more readily affect underrepresented city communities. A re-evaluation of current methods
is required to engage with a more diverse and representative response. This presentation will discuss findings from co-produced research practice that engages in participatory soundscape evaluation with a range of underrepresented groups including neurodiverse, non-English speaking, and refugee
communities. The research uses two accessible and innovative visual methods across specially chosen community focus groups: graphic scoring (the abstracted visual representation of sounds taking from musicological practices) and emotional body mapping, (using a body outline as a template,
to investigate 'embodied listening') alongside a guided listening practice inspired by Deep Listening. These methods move beyond the lack of common public lexicon around sound and the absence of defined Western listening practices to create new, perspectives, deepening the exploration of the
direct impact of environmental sound and building a more inclusive, representative, and equitable 'Acoustemology of Community'.
Fear free design guidelines: exploration of quantitative acoustic criteria
Authors: SIEBEIN Keely , BOMAN Sarah , LEWIS Heather
Published: October 2024

Fear Free(r) is an organization that is dedicated to changing the landscape of veterinary medicine by educating veterinary professionals, architects, engineers, and others about the importance of considering the psychological impact of the built environment on animals. By involving
an interdisciplinary team of veterinarians, architects, animal behaviorists, and others, the Fear Free Hospital Design Guideline has been developed to inform the design of animal care facilities. In partnering with Siebein Acoustic, new quantitative criteria can potentially be included as
part of the Fear Free Design Guideline. The first step in reducing noise within any animal care environment is prevention, reducing or eliminating the stressors that cause dogs to bark. Metrics for measuring acoustic control include Reverberation Time, alpha bar, STC ratings, requiring a Site
Noise Study if located in a sensitive area, the use of OITC ratings for the exterior building skin and mechanical criteria for the specific space types that are typical of animal care facilities. These criteria have been drafted to provide quantitative performance criteria to complement the
design efforts that Fear Free is undertaking to transform animal care environments into healthy, vibrant spaces that promote the well-being and safety of all occupants, animals and humans alike.
Road traffic noise prediction model "ASJ RTN-Model 2023" proposed by the Acoustical Society of Japan - Part 1: Framework of the calculation model
Authors: OKADA Yasuaki , YASUDA Yosuke , SAKAMOTO Shinichi , ITIKI Tomoyuki , ANAI Ken , YAMAUCHI Katsuya , YOKOTA Takatoshi
Published: October 2024

The Acoustical Society of Japan (ASJ) has had the Research Committee on Road Traffic Noise to develop a prediction model for road traffic noise for more than 50 years. As a result of the continuous research activities, a new version of model, "ASJ RTN-Model 2023", was published
in this April. It is an upgrade version of the previous model, "ASJ RTN-Model 2018", proposed in 2019. In developing the latest version, existing knowledge was widely taken into account, in particular, the sound power levels of road vehicles under acceleration running conditions
and calculation methods for sound propagation were improved in wide range. This new model is introduced in three papers with the same main title in this congress. In this paper, the framework of the model, the general procedure of prediction calculation, and the outlines of sound emissions
and the calculation equations of sound propagation are presented.
Intersecting impacts: urban noise pollution on sleep quality and mental health outcomes
Authors: GANATRA Pooja
Published: October 2024

This study probes the intricate dynamics between urban noise pollution, sleep quality, and mental health, centering on Generation Z-those in their formative years and early adulthood. It aims to illuminate the particular impacts of environmental noise on the well-being of these younger
urban dwellers. Through a multidisciplinary lens, the research assesses how persistent urban noise exposure perturbs sleep-a critical factor in psychological health-and fosters stress, anxiety, and depression in this demographic. By integrating objective acoustical measurements with Gen Z's
subjective health reports, the methodology quantifies urban noise's influence on sleep and its ripple effects on mental health. Additionally, it evaluates noise mitigation strategies like soundproofing and urban greenery, for their potential to mitigate these adverse outcomes. Mapping the
nexus between environmental noise, sleep disturbance, and mental health concerns among Generation Z, the study seeks to enrich understanding and guide interventions for improved urban habitats, better sleep, and enhanced mental well-being, addressing a significant public health issue.