bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Checklist of the Cerambycidae (Insecta, Coleoptera) from central Bahia State (Brazil), with the description of two new species and new geographic records
Authors: NASCIMENTO FRANCISCO E. DE L. , BOTERO JUAN PABLO , BRAVO FREDDY
Published: May 2016

A list of Cerambycidae species from three municipalities of central Bahia (Milagres, Maracás and Iaçu) is presented. A total of 108 species are registered, 17 of which are new geographical records for the state, are listed, including two new species of Aerenicini (Lamiinae), Suipinima flavumtuberculata sp. nov. and Aereniphaula bandana sp. nov. which are described and illustrated. A key to the species of Suipinima and taxonomic notes on Suipinima eccentrica (Galileo & Martins, 1992) are provided.
Genera of the leaf-feeding Dendrothripinae of the world (Thysanoptera, Thripidae), with new species from Australia and Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: MOUND LAURENCE A. , TREE DESLEY J.
Published: May 2016

Character states used in distinguishing taxa within the Thripidae subfamily Dendrothripinae are discussed, and a key presented to the 11 genera recognized worldwide. Comments on each of these genera are provided, together with keys to the species from Australia of Dendrothrips, Ensiferothrips and Pseudodendrothrips. From Australia are described, four new species of Dendrothrips, one of Pseudodendrothrips, and a remarkable new species of Ensiferothrips that has required a re-diagnosis of that genus. Another new species of Ensiferothrips is described from Sulawesi, thus greatly extending the known geographical range of this previously Australian genus.
Description of Eutetrapha weni n. sp. from Guizhou, China (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Saperdini)
Authors: HUANG GUI-QIANG , LIN MEI-YING
Published: May 2016

Eutetrapha weni n. sp. is described from Leigongshan, Guizhou, China.
Modifying a Research-Based Problem-Solving Intervention to Improve the Problem-Solving Performance of Fifth and Sixth Graders With and Without Learning Disabilities
Authors: Krawec Jennifer , Huang Jia
Published: May 2016

The purpose of the present study was to test the efficacy of a modified cognitive strategy instructional intervention originally developed to improve the mathematical problem solving of middle and high school students with learning disabilities (LD). Fifth and sixth grade general education mathematics teachers and their students of varying ability (i.e., average-achieving [AA] students, low-achieving [LA] students, and students with LD) participated in the research study. Several features of the intervention were modified, including (a) explicitness of instruction, (b) emphasis on meta-cognition, (c) focus on problem-solving prerequisites, (d) extended duration of initial intervention, and (e) addition of visual supports. General education math teachers taught all instructional sessions to their inclusive classrooms. Curriculum-based measures (CBMs) of math problem solving were administered five times over the course of the year. A multilevel model (repeated measures nested within students and students nested within schools) was used to analyze student progress on CBMs. Though CBM scores in the intervention group were initially lower than that of the comparison group, intervention students improved significantly more in the first phase, with no differences in the second phase. Implications for instruction are discussed as well as directions for future research.
Effect of Vocal Fold Medialization on Dysphagia in Patients with Unilateral Vocal Fold Immobility
Authors: Cates Daniel J. , Venkatesan Naren N. , Strong Brandon , Kuhn Maggie A. , Belafsky Peter C.
Published: May 2016

Objective

The effect of vocal fold medialization (VFM) on vocal improvement in persons with unilateral vocal fold immobility (UVFI) is well established. The effect of VFM on the symptom of dysphagia is uncertain. The purpose of this study is to evaluate dysphagia symptoms in patients with UVFI pre‐ and post‐VFM.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Academic tertiary care medical center.

Subjects and Methods

The charts of 44 persons with UVFI who underwent VFM between June 1, 2013, and December 31, 2014, were abstracted from a prospectively maintained database at the University of California, Davis, Voice and Swallowing Center. Patient demographics, indications, and type of surgical procedure were recorded. Self‐reported swallowing impairment was assessed with the validated 10‐item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT‐10) before and after surgery. A paired samples t test was used to compare pre‐ and postmedialization EAT‐10 scores.

Results

Forty‐four patients met criteria and underwent either vocal fold injection (73%) or thyroplasty (27%). Etiologies of vocal fold paralysis were iatrogenic (55%), idiopathic (29%), benign or malignant neoplastic (9%), traumatic (5%), or related to the late effects of radiation (2%). EAT‐10 (mean ± SD) scores improved from 12.2 ± 11.1 to 7.7 ± 7.2 after medialization (P <. 01) with a follow‐up of 119 ± 65 days.

Conclusion

Patients with UVFI suffer from dysphagia and report significant improvement in swallowing symptoms following VFM. The symptomatic improvement appears to be durable over time.
Hemodynamic Parameters during Laryngoscopic Procedures in the Office and in the Operating Room
Authors: Tierney William S. , Chota Rebecca L. , Benninger Michael S. , Nowacki Amy S. , Bryson Paul C.
Published: May 2016

Objective

Previous research has shown that office‐based laryngoscopic procedures can induce hemodynamic changes, including tachycardia and severe hypertension, calling into question the safety of these procedures. However, comparison between office and operating room (OR) procedures has not been carried out. Therefore, we prospectively measured hemodynamic variables in both settings to compare hemodynamic changes between office and OR procedures.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Single academic center.

Subjects and Methods

Subjects undergoing office and OR laryngoscopic procedures were prospectively identified, and 92 OR and 70 office subjects were included. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured at established time points before, during, and after the procedures. Descriptive and comparative statistical analyses were conducted.

Results

Severe hemodynamic events, either tachycardia or severe hypertension (blood pressure >180 mm Hg systolic or >110 mm Hg diastolic), occurred significantly more frequently in OR than office procedures (41% vs 20%; P =. 006). OR severe hemodynamic events occurred more commonly than previously reported rates in the office (41% vs 28%; P =. 012). Regression analyses showed that the odds of having a severe hemodynamic event were 3.66 times higher in OR versus office procedures.

Conclusion

Severe hemodynamic events are more likely to occur in the OR than in the office during laryngologic procedures. While larger studies will be required to establish rates of dangerous cardiovascular events in laryngoscopic procedures, hemodynamic parameters indicate that office‐based procedures have a safety benefit for procedures that can be conducted in either setting.
A CO3-bearing member of the hydroxylapatite–hydroxylellestadite series from Tadano, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan: CO3-SO4 substitution in the apatite–ellestadite series
Authors: Banno Y. , Miyawaki R. , Momma K. , Bunno M.
Published: May 2016

A CO-bearing member of the hydroxylapatite–hydroxylellestadite series occurs as a Si-rich part of a hydroxylapatite–hydroxylellestadite series mineral (hydroxylapatitess) in a skarn xenolith from Tadano, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Hydroxylapatitess is composed of Si-poor and Si-rich parts. The Si-poor part is F-rich hydroxylapatite. The infrared spectrum of the Si-rich part demonstrates the presence of B-type CO3. A representative analysis of the Si-rich part yielded the empirical formula Ca4.989[(PO4)1.315 (SiO4)0.848 (SO4)0.368(CO2.943)0.480]∑3.011(OH0.629 Cl0.264 F0.107)∑1.000 on the basis of 8 cations, assuming Si = S + C. There is a very strong inverse correlation between Si and P in both the Si-poor and Si-rich parts. These data indicate that the substitution mechanism (SO4,CO3)2– + (SiO4)4– = 2(PO4)3– probably occurs in hydroxylapatite ss. Therefore, it was concluded that the Si-rich part corresponds to a CO3-bearing hydroxylapatite–hydroxylellestadite series mineral with CO3 partially replacing SO4. Most of the Si-rich part shows CO3 > SO4 and its composition approaches Ca5(SiO4)1.5(CO3,SO4)1.5(OH,Cl,F).
Export hit “Vergangenheitsbewältigung”. Germany and European integration as a model for Korea and East Asia?
Authors: Nijhuis Ton
Published: May 2016

The process of coming to terms with the history of two dictatorships against the backdrop of the country’s partition and reunification makes Germany a special extraordinary case and a pioneer for other states as well. The German Vergangenheitsbewältigung (coming to terms with the past), has been an inspiration for other EU member states and for the process of European integration. Also, on an European level, history is an important source of identity formation.

Can the German Vergangenheitsbewältigung, German Unification, and European Integration be a source of inspiration for Korea and East Asia?
REDISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE IN THE STRUCTURE IS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF X-RAY
Authors: Грошев  , Groshev A. , Чубур  , Chubur K. , Яньков  , Yankov A. , Зольников  , Zolnikov Vladimir , Савченко  , Savchenko Andrey
Published: May 2016

A mathematical model of redistribution of temperature in the IS, depending on housing construction, when exposed to X-rays. The result of the comparative analysis of heat redistribution in the typical structure of the silicon IS and bipolar transistor produced on a computer.
SOLVING INTEGER TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM SPECIAL BRANCH AND BOUND METHOD
Authors: Лапшина  , Lapshina Marina , Ковальчук  , Kovalchuk I.
Published: May 2016

The paper deals with the use of special (expanded) branch and bound method, which allows to significantly increase the dimension of the problem, also shows the comparative characteristics of the traditional approach and proposed.
Oxford Brookes faculty take on Turkish Paramedic Rally and International Congress 2015
Authors: Catterall Matthew , Bromwich Keith , Phillips Alyesha , Eaton Georgette
Published: May 2016

Matthew Catterall, Keith Bromwich, Alyesha Phillips and Georgette Eaton report on the 13th Turkish International Paramedic Congress and Rally in Antalya, Turkey.
Cardiac care in SAR helicopter paramedic practice: from mountainside to rehabilitation
Authors: Griffiths Edward
Published: May 2016

Despite its decline in recent years, coronary heart disease remains the UKs single biggest killer. When someone suffers a heart attack on a mountainside in the UK, they often need a search and rescue (SAR) helicopter to provide them with timely emergency care and to transport them to a suitable hospital. The early diagnosis of an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) from a 12-lead electrocardiogram facilitates timely initiation of reperfusion therapy, but obtaining one in the mountain rescue environment is challenging and sometimes impossible.

Although primary percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI patients is the treatment of choice, facilitating it renders the SAR aircraft unavailable for greater periods of time and requires the relevant, supporting infrastructure to be in place. The SAR paramedic must assess the suitability, validity and usability of clinical guidelines and pathways on a case-by-case basis, then integrate them into the demands of each particular SAR mission. Although cardiac rehabilitation has not traditionally been within the remit of the pre-hospital clinician, responding to the psychological needs of the heart-attack victim in the aircraft may be a significant determinant to their participation in rehabilitation programmes.
Eigen Values Matrix for Recognition English Letters
Authors: Mohammed Israa
Published: May 2016

Reading skills or recognizability of letters and shapes are one of the human potential. The main objective in the design of any recognition system is to reduce the amount of data and get the perfect ratio of recognition. In this work ,eigen values matrix is used to recognize English letters .The process of recognize English letters (small letters , capital letters) in different sizes and different fonts that captured from scanner has been done by extracting topological features that study of qualitative properties of letters , then topological features used to build eigenvalues matrix.
A Review on Text-Independent Speaker Verification Techniques in Realistic World
Authors: Singh Renu , Singh Arvind , Bhattacharjee Utpal
Published: May 2016

This paper presents a reviewof various speaker verification approaches in realistic world, and explore a combinational approach between Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) as well as Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and Universal Background Model (UBM).
A Study on Usage of E-Commerce through Cell Phones by College Students
Authors: Tamizhkumaran J , Sabar Ranjanmayee , Manesh P , Ramajayan P
Published: May 2016

A study was conducted among the veterinary college students to ascertain the usage pattern of e-commerce in mobile application. A total of 120 students were interviewed personally with a semi structured interview schedule designed for the study. The study revealed that majority of the respondent (85 %) preferred android based phones, the main purpose for e-commerce usage through cell phones were used for recharging cell phones (78.3 %), booking tickets (53.3%), paying the bills (35%), online shopping (28.3%), money transfer (05.8%) and hotel booking (5%). The major e-commerce activity was carried out using debit/ ATM cards (80%), internet banking (35%) and mobile banking (11.6 %). The popular apps preferred by the respondents were Paytm (71.6%), Red Bus (44.1%), Book My show (43.3%), Ticket New (39.1%) and Irctc (32.5%). It is clear from the study that college students are interested in e-commerce usage through mobile applications and in coming years the trend of e-commerce usage will surely take a turn around.
Increasing Cultural And Linguistic Diversity In Deaf Education Teacher Preparation Programs
Authors: Cannon Joanna E. , Luckner John L.
Published: May 2016

A s the field of education of the d/Deaf and hard of hearing (d/Dhh) continues to diversify, postsecondary institutions must pay close attention not only to the changing needs of d/Dhh students but to the practitioners they are preparing to serve this population. Students who are d/Dhh and come from homes where a language other than English or American Sign Language is used—d/Dhh Multilingual Learners (DMLs)—constitute 19.4%–35.0% of the d/Dhh student population (Gallaudet Research Institute, 2013). In the present article, part of a special American Annals of the Deaf issue on DMLs, the authors review demographic trends, examine the theory behind teacher effectiveness and culturally responsive teaching, provide examples from research on effective components of teacher preparation programs and discuss how they align with the field’s certification standards, and recommend practices for programs and teachers to meet these standards within the field’s ever-changing landscape.
Deafness and Diversity: Reflections and Directions
Authors: Guardino Caroline , Cannon Joanna E.
Published: May 2016

C oncluding a two-part American Annals of the Deaf special issue on deafness and diversity (DAD), the editors provide reflections and guidance to the field regarding d/Deaf and hard of hearing (d/Dhh) children with a disability (DWD; e.g., learning or intellectual disability, autism) and d/Dhh children from homes where parents use a language other than English or American Sign Language (d/Dhh Multilingual Learners; DMLs). Contributing authors addressed the application of theory, research, and practice to five topics: (a) early intervention, (b) communication/language, (c) assessment, (d) transition, (e) teacher preparation. An overview of the main recommendations of the contributors and editors is presented in an effort to advance research and pedagogy with these learners. In conclusion, the editors discuss the “Radical Middle” approach (Easterbrooks & Maiorana-Basas, 2015) to working with students who are DAD: providing learners with all options for academic, social, and emotional success.
La France profonde
Authors: Delille Gérard
Published: May 2016

À travers une approche comparative qui va de l’exposé des vicissitudes d’un individu (Denis Diderot) à l’étude des comportements de groupes sociaux très différents, à la fois urbains et ruraux, l’article montre pourquoi et comment, au-delà de certaines particularités dans les usages et les stratégies, une logique commune des échanges matrimoniaux se fait jour, qui constitue un trait distinctif de « l’identité » française et plus largement européenne occidentale. L’article remet en cause la distinction, avancée par Fernand Braudel, entre sociétés « étroites » faites de relations simples, concrètes, peu variables, et sociétés « larges et complexes ». La famille, la parenté, le mariage et l’alliance sont susceptibles d’une approche anthropologique ouvrant de nouvelles perspectives à la recherche historique. L’étude propose une première explication des fondements idéologiques d’origine religieuse qui ont soutenu cette logique et des éléments culturels et socio-économiques qui en ont déterminé la crise au cours des XVIIIe-XIXe siècles, en insistant particulièrement sur le problème de la mobilité de la population. Cette crise ouvre la voie au système contemporain. Les acquis de cet article conduisent à proposer quelques réflexions sur le problème du contexte en histoire.
Les délégations de la Seigneurie (XVIe-XVIIIe siècle)
Authors: Sambo Alessandra
Published: May 2016

À l’époque moderne, l’État vénitien – composé d’une ville (la Dominante), des domaines de Terre ferme et de possessions maritimes – se présente comme une réalité complexe dans laquelle coexistent des cultures, mais surtout des systèmes juridiques profondément différents. Cet article analyse un type particulier de suppliques, fréquemment utilisé par les sujets et destiné à suspendre le procès et à obtenir son transfert (delegazione) à une autre cour locale ou vénitienne. Les principes et les modalités qui inspirent le recours à ces suppliques sont abordés à partir des catégories interprétatives de l’État juridictionnel pré-moderne, grâce auxquelles peut être proposée une lecture du système juridique vénitien en cohérence avec celui des autres États européens. Au sujet, qui a des motifs de croire que le jugement d’un procès sera contaminé par l’inégalité de position et de ressources des parties, est concédé le droit de supplier à la Seigneurie la grâce de déléguer la cause à une autre cour. La procédure pour la concession de cette grâce, qui est un acte politique, repose sur l’examen contradictoire des parties et débouche sur un jugement. Bien que dans le cours du procès soient maintenues des garanties analogues à celles de la procédure civile et criminelle ordinaire, cette nature mixte de la délégation fait que le jugement ne peut pas seulement se conformer à de rigides normes juridiques, mais est un acte discrétionnaire de la part de juges patriciens qui appliquent une lecture politique du contexte de l’affaire. De ce fait, la supplique, pour être persuasive, doit proposer une version « politique » des faits, en lieu et place de la vérité légale. Cette procédure induit aussi une négociation car les parties jouissent d’une forte autonomie dans la gestion du conflit et, parfois, l’objectif n’est pas tant une décision judiciaire que la création de conditions plus favorables à la pratique d’un contradictoire extrajudiciaire non violent. Ce caractère négocié de la procédure a facilité sa large diffusion ; en retour, cette sortie volontaire des réseaux locaux a créé les conditions d’une contamination culturelle des systèmes juridiques, dans laquelle on peut voir l’embryon d’un lexique commun entre les divers sous-systèmes qui composent l’État vénitien.
Predicative Possession and Existentials on the Oregon Coast: Alsea, Hanis, and Miluk
Authors: Kroeber Paul D.
Published: May 2016

Abstract: Possessive (‘have’) clauses with indefinite possessees are surveyed in three now-extinct languages of the Oregon coast–Alsea, Hanis Coos, and Miluk Coos. Adjectival or verbal denominals marked by prefix-suffix combinations are employed when the possessee is unmodified; when it is modified, a different construction is used in which the modifier is treated as the clause predicate. Similar constructions also express existence and location of unpossessed entities. Negative possession and negative existentials involve negators distinct from ordinary negation, but the syntax of these differs in Alsea versus Hanis and Miluk. Few or no other languages in the southerly Northwest Coast show quite the same configuration of constructions as either Alsea or Hanis and Miluk.
Words That Smell like Father-in-Law: A Linguistic Description of the Datooga Avoidance Register
Authors: Mitchell Alice
Published: May 2016

Abstract: This article describes an avoidance register of Datooga, a Nilotic language of Tanzania. Datooga women show respect to their senior in-laws by avoiding not only these in-laws’ names but also lexically related and similar-sounding words. Near-homophone avoidance is partly determined by phonological criteria but also by idiosyncratic metalinguistic judgments and social convention. To avoid taboo words, women have developed a conventionalized avoidance vocabulary, assembled by means of various linguistic strategies, including consonant replacement, borrowing, and derivation. Avoidance words make use of a wide range of linguistic resources and illustrate well the heterogeneous results of taboo-motivated language change.
Introduction: The Climate after Paris
Authors: Gitlin Todd , Kinniburgh Colin
Published: May 2016

Will the agreement signed in Paris last December do anything to relieve the crushing burden of climate change on the world’s poorest? One hundred and ninety-six countries enshrined in a major international agreement a core demand of the most threatened and least powerful among them, the small island states—to limit global temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, or “1.5 to stay alive!” Just a few weeks earlier, such an outcome was almost unthinkable. And yet the deal contained no guarantees that this rhetorical shift would translate into the kind of urgent action required.
Fossil Fuels Off Campus
Authors: Gitlin Todd
Published: May 2016

The campus movement for divestment from fossil fuel holdings is but a few years old, barely 2 percent of the time gone by since human beings, having discovered how to extract stupendous amounts of energy from the buried remains of extinct life, started clogging the atmosphere with carbon dioxide. One way to frame these facts is to say that the climate movement—of which fossil fuel divestment is a part—started late. Another way to frame the same facts is to say that fossil fuel divestment has come a long way in a hurry.
Who Owns the GOP?
Authors: Skocpol Theda
Published: May 2016

Jane Mayer’s book reveals a lot about the ways in which right-wing fat cats have been able to challenge the Republican Party and pull its candidates and officeholders toward extreme right-wing agendas that are often out of step with the preferences of the majority of the American public (and, at times, also at odds with those of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce). Yet Mayer fails to put the efforts of the right-wing billionaires into a larger political and social context. By focusing on elite idea production and election messaging, Mayer overlooks divisions within the right and offers no insights that could help us understand the unruly Trump surge. Dark Money portrays an unstoppable, unified far-right juggernaut led by plutocrats. It correctly alerts us to many aspects of their secretive, unaccountable machinations. But the full story of what is happening on the right is more complex and volatile.
Occupy the Party
Authors: Kazin Michael
Published: May 2016

When the Occupy protests in New York and dozens of other cities ended four years ago, the conventional wisdom was that they had failed. After all, no mass movement had sprouted up to turn a spotlighted media event into a sustained challenge to economic injustice. Rent by clashing identities and lacking a program for change, the occupiers scattered to new causes or took a long break from activism.

The Bernie Sanders campaign has hurled that judgment into the trash bin of recent history.
Not Safe for Work: Why Feminist Pornography Matters
Authors: Potter Claire
Published: May 2016

Can there be such a thing as feminist pornography? Many still say no. Echoing decades of anti-pornography feminist literature, Gail Dines told the Daily Beast in 2012 that “anyone willing to feed off women’s bodies and use them as raw materials to make a profit has no right to call themselves feminists.” But many feminists, including those who make porn, disagree. Despite decades of efforts to suppress it, porn is reaching larger audiences than ever. Making porn more politically progressive for those who consume it and making sets safer for performers are critical issues for feminist intervention—and feminist pornographers have chosen to take on both.
The Coming US-Iranian Partnership: A Historic Nuclear Deal and a Glimpse into the Not-So-Distant Future
Authors: Mendelejis Nathan González
Published: May 2016

In this piece, Nathan González Mendelejis provides an overview of the combative relationship between the United States and the Islamic Republic of Iran. He argues that structural changes in the Middle East are forcing and will continue to force the two nations to improve their relationship. He describes routes that Iran can take to moderate its stance toward the United States and also provides a number of prescriptions for the consideration of US policymakers.
Contract, Adoption, and Sibling Incest: The Problem of Democratic Community in James Fenimore Cooper’s Wyandotté
Authors: Murphy Gretchen
Published: May 2016

Abstract: This paper argues that Cooper’s novel Wyandotté adapts Locke’s conception of the social contract to create a mythic origin point for capitalist privatization, and then explores how the domestic plot of the novel embeds this bequest in highly conventional scenes of contracted kinship in the form of adoption and marriage. The novel privileges economic contract over political compact both in its political and domestic plotlines, with the latter using adoption and sibling relations to signify the insufficiency of philosophies of social contract, in line with the era’s turn from Lockean social contract theory to more economic philosophies of contract associated with Adam Smith. Drawing on Juliet Mitchell’s psychoanalytic theory of siblinghood, the paper identifies in Wyandotté’s rendering of the conventional nineteenth-century plot wherein quasi-sibling lovers reject adopted siblinghood in order to marry each other a challenge to democracy. This challenge differs from the one identified established historicist interpretations of incest in the nineteenth-century American novel in that Mitchell sees incest not as a sign of repressed, forbidden desires, but as a failure in developing sameness-in-difference essential to justice in social relations. Drawing on Mitchell’s theory thus avoids a symptomatic reading that locates in such quasi-sibling marriage s the fulfillment of a disguised political desire, focusing instead on the political possibilities suggested by the condition that is lost (adopted siblinghood) rather that which is won (marriage).
Sounding Conscience: Walden ’s Global Bottoms
Authors: Alpert Avram
Published: May 2016

Abstract: This essay argues for the importance of Henry David Thoreau as a theorist of conscience. Conscience for Thoreau is a faculty that must be constructed through engagements with both the natural world and the diversity of human thought. Thoreau’s position on conscience thus exemplifies a more general theoretical claim in Walden: that political subjectivity in the modern era requires a transformation of self in light of global diversity. Though the fact that conscience arises through global engagement is central to Thoreau’s work, this has frequently been overlooked by the latter’s critics, including Walter Benn Michaels, Stanley Cavell, and Hannah Arendt. In restoring this point to Thoreau, I also suggest its broader theoretical importance with regard to Michel Foucault’s claim that the “practices of the self,” or techniques used to make oneself a subject adequate to the truth, have been lost in the modern era. Thoreau’s work demonstrates that, in fact, these practices were not lost; they simply transformed from a concern with a singular truth to an engagement with different ideas about how to live in the world. Focusing on the global connections embedded in Thoreau’s attempt to sound the bottom of Walden Pond, I call this sounding a “practice of the global self.” The essay goes on to look at how, specifically, Thoreau developed his notion of global conscience through his readings of Confucius, Mencius, and the Bhagavad Gita. In a brief coda, I consider how Thoreau’s work has a parallel with the idea of conscience found in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
What is the Common Morality, Really?
Authors: Bautz Benjamin
Published: May 2016

In recent editions of Tom Beauchamp and James Childress’ Principles of Biomedical Ethics , their famous principles have been deployed as elements of the common morality recruited to anchor bioethical reasoning. In Principles , however, Beauchamp and Childress defend neither their assertions about the content, nor the normativity, of the common morality. Because these content and normativity claims form the backbone of their approach, both claims deserve substantive support if the project of Principles is to be completed. Defense of the normativity claim remains an issue that has to date gone underdeveloped in the literature. Here I evaluate three ways of mounting such a defense, arguing that only one—conceptual analysis demonstrating the principles to be part of the “definitional criteria” of morality—might succeed within the confines of Beauchamp and Childress’ metaethical paradigm. I argue further that identification of the common morality with these “definitional criteria” presents a compelling way forward.
When Rights Just Won’t Do: Ethical Considerations When Making Decisions for Severely Disabled Newborns
Authors: Hester D. Micah , Lew Cheryl D. , Swota Alissa
Published: May 2016

Children born with severe handicapping conditions, where survival and quality of survival is indeterminate, present special challenges for families and health-care professionals tasked with deciding the best courses of treatment and care. The case of Baby G presents an opportunity to compare the relative effectiveness of ethical versus rights theories in providing guidance about what obligations are owed to such children at bedside and how those obligations pertain to broader societal duties in a rights framework. We review common theories of determining the “best interests standard” of newborn decision-making and the priority of families to decide on behalf of their children. We then discuss what support the rights framework of the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) might lend to the best implementation of clinical ethics decision-making. Finally, we conclude that the universal nature of rights theory does not provide the particular, specific guidance needed at the bedside of the critically ill infant.
The Role of Community Engagement in Novel HIV Research in Infants
Authors: Shah Seema K. , Wilfond Benjamin S.
Published: May 2016

The proposed study would be a single-arm interventional trial in a community where HIV is endemic. Beginning with a high-dose triple-drug treatment right after birth, treatment would continue in those who test HIV positive for the next two years and then stop to see if HIV has been eradicated. While we believe the general approach can be justified, and some important questions about this study have already been raised in the literature, three additional questions need to be addressed to determine an ethically sound study design. First is whether this study will be perceived by the community as an opportunity or a burden. A second question regards the ideal permission process and whether permission should be obtained by someone who is not involved in clinical care. A third question regards the implications of withdrawing from a study that involves treatment discontinuation and the expectations of the participants and community about subsequent obligations of the researchers. For these questions, there may be more than one acceptable approach, and the critical issue is to work with the community respectfully and as a partner in the study design process.
Are plant growth retardants a strategy to decrease lodging and increase yield of sunflower?
Authors: Carvalho Marcia Eugenia Amaral , Castro Paulo Roberto de Camargo e , Ferraz Junior Marcos Vinicius de Castro , Mendes Ana Carolina Cabrera Machado
Published: May 2016

One of the major disadvantages of sunflower cultivation is the increased plant height, making it prone to the lodging. The use of plant growth retardants can be an alternative strategy to reduce plant height; however, these compounds may affect productivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of plant growth retardants on sunflower development and yield. Four treatments were studied: 1- control; 2- gibberellic acid (GA) 10 mg L−1; 3- trinexapac-ethyl (TE) 5 mL L−1, and 4- maleic hidrazide (MH) 8 mL L−1. TE and MH decreased plant height (16.9 and 35.9%, respectively); however, only TE positively influenced capitulim diameter and dry mass (46.7 and 311%, when compared to control) at 60 days after planting (DAP). At 81 DAP, dry mass of capitulum did not differ among control and TE-treated plants. On the other hand, MH impaired diameter and dry mass of capitulum (92.9 and 74.7%, respectively). It can be concluded that the application of TE is a potential strategy to decrease lodging probability without affecting sunflower yield. Furthermore, although MH negatively affected sunflower development, its use on the crop cannot be excluded since other doses, frequencies and moment of application can be studied.
Allelopathic effect of Passiflora alata Curtis extracts on seed germination
Authors: Freitas Allan Rocha de , Lopes José Carlos , Mengarda Liana Hilda Golin , Zanotti Rafael Fonsêca , Venancio Luan Peroni
Published: May 2016

Many plant chemical compounds can interfere on seed germination and on the development of other plants. Thus, this research aimed to verify the effect of sweet passion fruit seeds (Passiflora alata Curtis) extracts, under lettuce seed germination and lettuce seedlings growing. The experiment was carried out in a controlled environment. The treatments were: T1-distilled water as a control; T2-embryo extract; T3- tegument extract; T4- whole grain extract; T5- soaking solution. Lettuce seed (Lactuca sativa L.) cv. Babá de Verão, was used as a bioindicator of the allelopathic effect. When the treatment of embryo extract of sweet passion fruit was applied, a lower germination percentage and lower speed emergence rate of lettuce seeds were observed. The largest number of abnormal seedlings was observed from seeds germinated in the embryo extract (T2) and the soaking solution (T5). The sweet passion fruit embryo extract discloses compounds that are able to inhibit the germination and can negatively influence the development of lettuce seedlings.
SISTEMA DE TRANSPORTE Y EMBALAJE UTILIZANDO ROBÓTICA COOPERATIVA BASADA EN TEORÍA DE COLONIAS DE HORMIGAS MEDIANTE PLATAFORMA MINDSTORM DE LEGO®
Authors: Camargo Lopez Julian Rolando , Hernández Suárez Nélida Johanna , Rodríguez Tibaduiza Ana del Pilar
Published: May 2016

En este artículo se presenta una propuesta que sugiere el siguiente paso evolutivo de la automatización (y más aún de la ejecución manual): la robótica cooperativa, aquí se muestra un sistema enfocado a la selección y embalaje, etapa final de la mayoría de procesos industriales. El problema fue abordado con agentes robóticos con diferentes características que trabajan emulando la organización de una colonia de hormigas, haciendo de estas etapas un proceso eficiente, eficaz y de gran flexibilidad ante los cambios de la producción.Transportation and Packaging System Using Cooperative Robotics Based on Theory of Ants Colonies Using Platform LEGO® MindstormAbstractThis article presents a proposal that suggests the next evolutionary step of automation (and even more of manual execution): the cooperative robotics. In the next pages is presented a system of selection and packaging, which is part of the final stage of almost any industrial process. The problem was addressed with robotic agents with different features that work emulating the organization of a colony of ants making these stage efficient, effective and highly flexible in the face of production changes.Key words: ant colony, autonomous robot, Bluetooth®, multiagent system, robotics cooperative.
Copper and the evolution of space in high modernist America and Japan
Authors: James LeCain Timothy
Published: May 2016

This essay makes a neo-materialist analysis of the extraction and use of copper in the first half of the twentieth century, using two sites as empirical examples, one American and the other Japanese. By moving beyond the modernist dichotomies that separate mine and city, nature and technology, and the “natural” and built environment, I argue that copper has played a central role in creating modern human spatial relationships and associated cultures. I offer two specific examples. First, the extraction of copper and the resulting pollution challenged the modern capitalist idea that material things could be abstracted into idealized commodities of exchange that were spatially distinct from their places of origin and each other. In actual historical practice, though, this abstracted space of global commodity exchange was repeatedly undermined by local spaces where real commodities often interacted in unanticipated ways. Second, once this extracted copper was formed into far-flung networks of wires, it challenged earlier spatial concepts in which the burning of coal or other energy-rich materials had always occurred very near to the site where the resulting power would be used. By creating what Manuel Castells’ terms a “space of flow” in which power could be instantaneously transmitted over long distances, copper wires created the illusion of an immaterial and even placeless source of power. Ironically, though, this immaterial illusion could only be sustained by surrounding humans with large amounts of very real copper wires. In both of these examples, the extraction and use of copper shaped human space and societies in unanticipated ways, challenging the modernist assumption that humans could fully understand and control the material things they extracted from nature and embedded in their built environments.
The Really Real, Authentic, Original Shakespeare
Authors: Kostihova Marcela
Published: May 2016

This essay considers the question of how original/new interpretations help redefine (or reify) the original/old perception of Shakespeare and the work its cultural capital performs, demonstrating the inherent impossibility of reconciling an “original” Shakespeare with contemporary performances of his plays through a reading of Twelfth Night, and address some of the ideological implications of trying to conflate the two. It then takes a detour into contemporary marketing and consumer-psychology literature to explore the crucial roles which the concepts of “authenticity” and “originality” have come to play in contemporary consumer culture, circling back to Shakespeare, to ruminate on the implications of the use of his cultural capital as an ultimate positional good in the 21st century.
Electroconductive and electroresponsive membranes for water treatment
Authors: Ronen Avner , Walker Sharon L. , Jassby David
Published: May 2016

In populated, water-scarce regions, seawater and wastewater are considered as potable water resources that require extensive treatment before being suitable for consumption. The separation of water from salt, organic, and inorganic matter is most commonly done through membrane separation processes. Because of permeate flux and concentration polarization, membranes are prone to fouling, resulting in a decline in membrane performance and increased energy demands. As the physical and chemical properties of commercially available membranes (polymeric and ceramic) are relatively static and insensitive to changes in the environment, there is a need for stimuli-reactive membranes with controlled, tunable surface and transport properties to decrease fouling and control membrane properties such as hydrophilicity and permselectivity. In this review, we first describe the application of electricity-conducting and electricity-responsive membranes (ERMs) for fouling mitigation. We discuss their ability to reduce organic, inorganic, and biological fouling by several mechanisms, including control over the membrane’s surface morphology, electrostatic rejection, piezoelectric vibrations, electrochemical reactions, and local pH changes. Next, we examine the use of ERMs for permselectivity modification, which allows for the optimization of rejection and control over ion transport through the application of electrical potentials and the use of electrostatically charged membrane surfaces. In addition, electrochemical reactions coupled with membrane filtration are examined, including electro-oxidation and electro-Fenton reactions, demonstrating the capability of ERMs to electro-oxidize organic contaminates with high efficiency due to high surface area and reduced mass diffusion limitations. When applicable, ERM applications are compared with commercial membranes in terms of energy consumptions. We conclude with a brief discussion regarding the future directions of ERMs and provide examples of several applications such as pore size and selectivity control, electrowettability, and capacitive deionization. To provide the reader with the current state of knowledge, the review focuses on research published in the last 5 years.
Deciphering variability in the role of interleukin-1β in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Saghazadeh Amene , Ferrari Carina C. , Rezaei Nima
Published: May 2016

Although the role of inflammation in neurodegeneration has been well acknowledged, less is known on the issue of each cytokine in specific neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will present evidence elucidating that interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has a multi-faceted character in pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease, which is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Increased levels of IL-1β were found in PD patients. Besides, PD symptoms were observed in IL-1β wild-type, but not deficient, animals. These lines of evidence suggest that IL-1β may contribute to the initiation or progression of PD. On the other hand, some studies reported decreased levels of IL-1β in PD patients. Also, genetic studies provided evidence suggesting that IL-1β may protect individuals against PD. Presumably, the broad range of IL-1β role is due to its interaction with both upstream and downstream mediators. Differences in IL-1β levels could be because of glia population (i.e. microglia and astrocytes), mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor κ light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling pathways, and several mediators (including cyclooxygenase, neurotrophic factors, reactive oxygen species, caspases, heme oxygenase-1, and matrix metalloproteinases). Although far from practice at this point, unraveling theoretical therapeutic targets based on the up-down IL-1β neuroweb could facilitate the development of strategies that are likely to be used for pharmaceutical designs of anti-neurodegenerative drugs of the future.
How to Use Big Data to Drive Your Supply Chain
Authors: Sanders Nada R.
Published: May 2016

Big data analytics has become an imperative for business leaders across every industry sector. Analytics applications that can deliver a competitive advantage appear all along the supply chain decision spectrum—from targeted location-based marketing to optimizing supply chain inventories to enabling supplier risk assessment. While many companies have used it to extract new insights and create new forms of value, other companies have yet to leverage big data to transform their supply chain operations. This article examines how leading companies use big data analytics to drive their supply chains and offers a framework for implementation based on lessons learned.
Molecular triggers of egg activation at fertilization in mammals
Authors: Sanders Jessica R , Swann Karl
Published: May 2016

In mammals, the sperm activates the development of the egg by triggering a series of oscillations in the cytosolic-free Ca2+concentration (Ca2+i). The sperm triggers these cytosolic Ca2+ioscillations after sperm–egg membrane fusion, as well as after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). These Ca2+ioscillations are triggered by a protein located inside the sperm. The identity of the sperm protein has been debated over many years, but all the repeatable data now suggest that it is phospholipase Czeta (PLCζ). The main downstream target of Ca2+ioscillations is calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII (CAMK2A)), which phosphorylates EMI2 and WEE1B to inactivate the M-phase promoting factor protein kinase activity (MPF) and this ultimately triggers meiotic resumption. A later decline in the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) then leads to the completion of activation which is marked by the formation of pronuclei and entry into interphase of the first cell cycle. The early cytosolic Ca2+increases also trigger exocytosis via a mechanism that does not involve CAMKII. We discuss some recent developments in our understanding of these triggers for egg activation within the framework of cytosolic Ca2+signaling.
Development and Genetic Characterization of an Advanced Backcross-Nested Association Mapping (AB-NAM) Population of Wild × Cultivated Barley
Authors: Nice Liana M , Steffenson Brian J , Brown-Guedira Gina L , Akhunov Eduard D , Liu Chaochih , Kono Thomas J Y , Morrell Peter L , Blake Thomas K , Horsley Richard D , Smith Kevin P , Muehlbauer Gary J
Published: May 2016

The ability to access alleles from unadapted germplasm collections is a long-standing problem for geneticists and breeders. Here we developed, characterized, and demonstrated the utility of a wild barley advanced backcross-nested association mapping (AB-NAM) population. We developed this population by backcrossing 25 wild barley accessions to the six-rowed malting barley cultivar Rasmusson. The 25 wild barley parents were selected from the 318 accession Wild Barley Diversity Collection (WBDC) to maximize allelic diversity. The resulting 796 BC2F4:6 lines were genotyped with 384 SNP markers, and an additional 4022 SNPs and 263,531 sequence variants were imputed onto the population using 9K iSelect SNP genotypes and exome capture sequence of the parents, respectively. On average, 96% of each wild parent was introgressed into the Rasmusson background, and the population exhibited low population structure. While linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay (r2 = 0.2) was lowest in the WBDC (0.36 cM), the AB-NAM (9.2 cM) exhibited more rapid LD decay than comparable advanced backcross (28.6 cM) and recombinant inbred line (32.3 cM) populations. Three qualitative traits: glossy spike, glossy sheath, and black hull color were mapped with high resolution to loci corresponding to known barley mutants for these traits. Additionally, a total of 10 QTL were identified for grain protein content. The combination of low LD, negligible population structure, and high diversity in an adapted background make the AB-NAM an important tool for high-resolution gene mapping and discovery of novel allelic variation using wild barley germplasm.