bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indian Education: Ancient, Medieval and Modern
Authors: M. Ghonge Mangesh , Bag Rohit , Singh Aniket
Published: November 2020

Education is a platform in which young generations are trained and make them future-ready. Education provides knowledge and skills which help the person to be employable. The Indian education system is very popular and diversified among other countries’ education systems due to its change in the evolution from ancient to the modern education system. During the ancient and medieval periods of education, students were trained by teachers in such a manner that they can survive and live in that era. After independence, there is a tremendous growth in the Indian education system providing teaching and training in all aspects, but it does not satisfy the global demands of the market. This chapter focuses on teaching methodology, curriculum, characteristics, methods of learning, aims of the Indian education system during the ancient and medieval period and how it differed in today’s modern education and what are the things that our today’s modern education need to learn and implement from ancient and medieval education. The mentioned points are used to differentiate ancient, medieval, and modern education with advantages and disadvantages. Through this chapter, students, teachers will get to know the difference in the education system and what else to be adapted in the future to overcome all the problems.
Skeletal Muscle Stem Cell Niche from Birth to Old Age
Authors: Barbu Madalina-Gabriela , Boboc Andreea-Elena , Filip Lidia , Bugnar Oana-Larisa , Cretoiu Dragos , Suciu Nicolae , Daniela Toader Oana , Maria Cretoiu Sanda , Voinea Silviu-Cristian
Published: November 2020

Stem cells are defined as undifferentiated cells that are able to unlimitedly renew themselves within controlled conditions and to differentiate into a multitude of mature cell types. Skeletal muscle stem cells, represented predominantly by satellite cells, show a variable capability of self-renewal and myogenic differentiation. They were found to be involved not only in the growth of myofibers during neonatal and juvenile life but also in the regeneration of skeletal muscles after an injury. The microenvironment in which stem cells are nourished and maintained dormant preceding division and differentiation is known as “niche.” The niche consists of myofibers, which are believed to modulate the active/inactive state of the stem cells, extracellular matrix, neural networks, blood vessels, and a multitude of soluble molecules. It was observed that changes in the composition of the niche have an impact on the stem cell functions and hierarchy. Furthermore, it seems that its layout is variable throughout the entire life, translating into a decrease in the regenerative capacity of satellite cells in aged tissues. The scope of this chapter is to provide a detailed view of the changes that occur in the skeletal stem cell niche during life and to analyze their implications on tissue regeneration. Future studies should focus on developing new therapeutic tools for diseases involving muscle atrophy.
Pathology of Gangrene
Authors: Tsutsumi Yutaka
Published: November 2020

Pathological features of gangrene are described. Gangrene is commonly caused by infection of anaerobic bacteria. Dry gangrene belongs to noninfectious gangrene. The hypoxic/ischemic condition accelerates the growth of anaerobic bacteria and extensive necrosis of the involved tissue. Clostridial and non-clostridial gangrene provokes gas formation in the necrotic tissue. Acute gangrenous inflammation happens in a variety of tissues and organs, including the vermiform appendix, gallbladder, bile duct, lung, and eyeball. Emphysematous (gas-forming) infection such as emphysematous pyelonephritis may be provoked by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Rapidly progressive gangrene of the extremities (so-called “flesh-eating bacteria” infection) is seen in fulminant streptococcal, Vibrio vulnificus, and Aeromonas hydrophila infections. Fournier gangrene is an aggressive and life-threatening gangrenous disease seen in the scrotum and rectum. Necrotizing fasciitis is a subacute form of gangrene of the extremities. Of note is the fact that clostridial and streptococcal infections in the internal organs may result in a lethal hypercytokinemic state without association of gangrene of the arms and legs. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus may play an important role for vulnerability of the infectious diseases. Pseudomonas-induced malignant otitis externa and craniofacial mucormycosis are special forms of the lethal gangrenous disorder.
The Results Are Positive for Both Sides in the Great Majority of Cases When Organ Donor Families and Their Recipients Decide to Communicate with Each Other, US Experience in Tens of Thousands of Cases Shows
Authors: Green Reg
Published: November 2020

Many countries restrict the ability of organ donor families and their recipients to communicate with each other; many make it virtually impossible. These restrictions were made for the best of reasons, mainly because of fears that one side or the other might suffer psychological damage. In the United States, however, for more than 25 years, communication has been strongly encouraged if both parties want it and under conditions set by their medical advisers. In literally tens of thousands of cases, a great majority of those contacts, which can range from the exchange of anonymous letters to face-to-face meetings, have proved to be therapeutic for both sides and significant problems have been very rare. Indeed, it is the families who are kept apart who may suffer most. The author is an American journalist, whose seven-year old son was shot on a family vacation in Italy whose organs and corneas were donated there. He and his wife have met all seven recipients and everyone, he says, has benefited.
Advances in Developing Multigene Abiotic and Biotic Stress-Tolerant Rice Varieties
Authors: Sandhu Nitika , Yadav Shailesh , Kumar Arvind
Published: November 2020

Increasing incidences of multiple abiotic stresses together with increasing population are the major constraints to attain the global food security. Rice, the major staple food crop is very much prone to various abiotic and biotic stresses, which can occur one at a time or two or more together in a single crop growing season and adversely affects the rice production and productivity. The devastating effect of multiple stresses on rice crop is much more erratic and complex leading to higher losses in the crop grain yield. The concurrent occurrence of multiple streeses can destroy rice production in many of the rainfed areas of South and Southeast-Asia. Genomics-assisted breeding strategies have been instrumental in introgression of various major effect QTLs/genes into rice mega varieties and have proven successful in achieving the desired level of tolerance/resistance to various abiotic stresses in diffferent crop species. Keeping the present scenario of changing climate in mind, the chapter discusses the recent past success in combining tolerance to two or more abiotic stresses in mega rice varieties applying genomics-assisted breeding and development of high-yielding climate resilient rice through stacking of multiple genes/QTLs, which can withstand in a cascade of multiple stresses occurring regularly in rainfed environments.
Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Neurotransmitters
Authors: A. Stumpo Katherine
Published: November 2020

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful analytical method for the simultaneous analysis of hundreds of compounds within a biological sample. Despite the broad applicability of this technique, there is a critical need for advancements in methods for small molecule detection. Some molecular classes of small molecules are more difficult than others to ionize, e.g., neurotransmitters (NTs). The chemical structure of NTs (i.e., primary, secondary, and tertiary amines) affects ionization and has been a noted difficulty in the literature. In order to achieve detection of NTs using MSI, strategies must focus on either changing the chemistry of target molecules to aid in detection or focus on new methods of ionization. Additionally, even with new strategies, the issues of delocalization, chemical background noise, and ability to achieve high throughput (HTP) must be considered. This chapter will explore previous and up-and-coming techniques for maximizing the detection of NTs.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Brief and Low Intensity Psychological Interventions for Medically Unexplained Symptoms and Health Anxiety: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: McDevitt-Petrovic Orla , Kirby Karen
Published: November 2020

This chapter presents a systematic review of the literature to assess the effectiveness of brief psychological interventions for medically unexplained symptoms (MUS)/somatic symptom disorder, non-cardiac chest pain, and illness anxiety disorder or health anxiety (HA). Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched as data sources. Reference lists were subsequently examined for other relevant articles. Studies were assessed according to specified inclusion criteria and extracted according to PRISMA guidelines. A total of 23 studies were included in the final synthesis. Significant effects for intervention groups relative to control groups were reported in 19 studies, whilst 4 studies did not determine any significant benefits of interventions compared with controls. All of the brief interventions (CBT, psychosocial, psychophysiological, psychosomatic, relaxation and group therapy), with the exception of metaphor therapy, showed significant effects relative to controls in at least one study. The evidence suggests that brief psychological interventions, more specifically time limited CBT based interventions may be effective in treating HA and MUS with psychological distress. Findings are comparable with other reviews. Future research may facilitate the piloting of an intervention, and there remains a need to provide more robust evidence of cost effectiveness.
The Effect of Elemental Composition and Nanostructure of Multilayer Composite Coatings on Their Tribological Properties at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Vereschaka Alexey , Grigoriev Sergey , Tabakov Vladimir , Migranov Mars , Sitnikov Nikolay , Milovich Filipp , Andreev Nikolay , Sotova Caterine
Published: November 2020

The chapter discusses the tribological properties of samples with multilayer composite nanostructured Ti-TiN-(Ti,Cr,Al,Si)N, Zr-ZrN-(Nb,Zr,Cr,Al)N, and Zr-ZrN-(Zr,Al,Si)N coatings, as well as Ti-TiN-(Ti,Al,Cr)N, with different values of the nanolayer period λ. The relationship between tribological parameters, a temperature varying within a range of 20–1000°C, and λ was investigated. The studies have found that the adhesion component of the coefficient of friction (COF) varies nonlinearly with a pronounced extremum depending on temperature. The value of λ has a noticeable influence on the tribological properties of the coatings, and the nature of the mentioned influence depends on temperature. The tests found that for the coatings with all studied values of λ, an increase in temperature first caused an increase and then a decrease in COF.
Natural Medicinal Compounds from Marine Fungi towards Drug Discovery: A Review
Authors: Brindha Devi Parthiban , Jayaseelan Ridhanya
Published: November 2020

Marine fungi are species of fungi which live in estuaries environment and marine environment. These species are found in common habitat. Marine fungi are rich in antimicrobial compounds such as anthrones, cephalosporins, peptides, steroids. These compounds which are derived mainly focused in the area of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-fungal, anti-microbial, anti-fouling activity. Bioactive terpene compounds are produced by marine fungi and marine derived fungi can produce sclerotides, trichoderins. Marine fungi have become the richest sources of biologically active metabolites and structurally novel in the marine environment. In a recent study the marine derived fungi dichotomomyces cejpii exhibits activity towards cannabinoid which is used to treat alzheimer dementia. Aspergillus unguis showed significant acetyl cholinesterase besides its anti-oxidant activity. These acts as a promising intent for discovery of pharmaceutically important metabolites like alkaloids, peptides. Computational (in silico) strategies have been developed and broadly applied to pharmacology advancement and testing. This review summarizes the bioactive compounds derived from marine fungi in accordance with the sources and their biological activities.
Storm Surge Risk Assessment for Non-Life Insurance
Authors: Hisamatsu Rikito
Published: November 2020

This chapter introduces the efforts of the storm surge risk assessment for non-life insurance especially focusing on Japan. First, the importance of storm surge risk assessment in non-life insurance, the requirements for storm surge risk assessment in insurance, and an overview of the natural disaster model that evaluates them are described. Second, study on stochastic storm surge risk assessment, study on storm surge hazard modeling, study on vulnerability modeling which convert hazard intensity into damage are presented. Third, as an actual calculation example, the results of applying the procedure with low calculation load presented by past study to Tokyo Bay are shown. As a result, it is confirmed that the procedure can reduce the calculation load and maintain the calculation accuracy. Finally, how to select the existing storm surge risk assessment procedures when risk assessment is actually performed for the insurance purposes is considered.
Potential Logographic Dyslexics Identified via Self-Reporting during a Questionnaire Survey in Taiwan
Authors: Sun Ying-Fang , Liao Pei-Shan
Published: November 2020

According to the patterns of difficulties of the dyslexics that have been reported in Western societies, a questionnaire in traditional Chinese was developed to carry out initial screening among Taiwanese. The questionnaire includes 30 items with four-point scales and 7 open-ended questions. Of the 2133 copies distributed, a total of 1599 questionnaires were collected which gives a 75.0% response rate and 1442 were completed. The mean of 30-item scores collected from 1442 participants is 87.99 ± 11.9. Among these participants, 9 self-reported potential logographic dyslexics have been identified. The individual scores of 30 items of the nine subjects were at least 1 SD to 4.5 SD lower than that of their counterparts. There are two potential logographic dyslexics families show genetic influence. Since there is no standard test for dyslexics, we developed a 30-item questionnaire that can be completed in 15-20 minutes on average. The questionnaire may serve as a low cost, initial screening tool and allows the potential probands to self-report while the formal diagnosis is not available.
Production and Consumer Acceptance of Millet Beverages
Authors: Cichońska Patrycja , Ziarno Małgorzata
Published: November 2020

The use of millet for the production of plant-based beverages has beneficial effects because it is healthy and gluten-free. In its raw form, millet is rich in dietary fiber and polyphenols. Millet beverages are characterized by relatively low popularity among the consumers of plant beverages. This is mainly due to the drawbacks, namely the presence of plant flavors and “millet” smell. Constant market growth requires new products to be developed in order to meet the consumers’ expectations. The acceptance of millet beverages significantly increases when these are offered in various flavors. Furthermore, the addition of apple or banana puree to millet recipes can increase their desirability. Stabilization of millet beverages is important as they have the tendency to delaminate. This can be overcome by the use of natural stabilizers such as pectin and agar-agar which seems to be an effective option for these products.
In VitroPropagation ofDigitalis trojanaIvanina., an Endemic Medicinal Plant of Turkey
Authors: Çördük Nurşen , Aki Cüneyt
Published: November 2020

Digitalis trojana Ivanina is a member of the Plantaginaceae family and known by its common name, Helen of Troy foxglove. It is perennial endemic to Çanakkale and Balıkesir, northwestern Turkey. In order to develop an efficient shoot regeneration protocol, the leaf explants of D. trojana were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 6-benzyl adenine (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 mg/L) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/L), 3% (w/v) sucrose and 0.8% (w/v) agar. The highest number of regenerated shoots was obtained from leaf explants that were cultured on MS medium with 3.0 mg/L BA+0.1 mg/L NAA. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium without plant growth regulators. Rooted plants (2–3 cm) were separately transferred to pots containing a mixture of peat and perlite (2:1 v/v) and acclimatized successfully in a growth chamber.
Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Risk Stratification for Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Mattsson Gustav , Magnusson Peter
Published: November 2020

Heart failure implies a considerable burden for patients and resources for the health care system. Dilated cardiomyopathy is defined as left ventricular dilation and reduced systolic function, not solely explained by ischemic heart disease or abnormal loading conditions. Numerous genes have been identified in familial cases of dilated cardiomyopathy. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction increases the risk for sudden cardiac death. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy can provide a means of preventing sudden cardiac death in those deemed to be at high risk. Health care providers are in need of better tools in order to improve risk stratification. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge about risk of arrhythmia and sudden death in patients with familial dilated cardiomyopathy, in particular for those patients with a specific mutation.
The Chaotic Behavior of ICT Users
Authors: Sumiyana Sumiyana , Sriwidharmanely Sriwidharmanely
Published: November 2020

This paper describes how chaos theory was implemented to explain a behavioral aspect in an information system. The chaos theory was developed from the physical sciences and has been widely applied to many fields. However, this theory may also be applied to the social sciences. For certain types of human behavior, the chaos theory could comprehensively explain the phenomena of the use of information and communications technology (ICT). It means that this theory could clarify all the different kinds of human interactions with ICT. When the researchers used the chaos theory integratively, they could explain the distressed behavior of ICT users comprehensively. This theory argues that an individual acts randomly, even though the system is deterministic. When individuals use ICT, they could get technostress due to either the information systems or other users. This paper explains that ICT users could use information systems, with their complicated procedures and outputs. They were also probably disturbed by other users. The users, furthermore, experience chaotic pressures through their experiential values. This paper shows that users’ behavior when facing chaotic pressure depends upon their personality dimensions. The authors finally propose a new paradigm that this chaos theory could explain the chaotic actions of ICT users.
Radiotherapy: An Alternative to Surgery
Authors: Van Houtte Paul , Florian Charlier , Moretti Luigi , Van Gestel Dirk
Published: November 2020

Many major technical developments have occurred during the last decades in radiotherapy: our efficacy has improved with less toxicity. Nowadays, it allows us to challenge the role of surgery as a local modality for lung cancer both for early, advanced and even metastatic disease. In the present paper, we will mainly discuss the role of SBRT for stage I lung cancer, the place of conventional radiotherapy for stage III and we will review the current treatment of small cell lung cancer from a radiation oncologist perspective.
Masculinity and Femininity: Comparing and Contrasting Two Modern Buddhist Movements in Taiwan, Foguang Shan and Ci Ji
Authors: Yao Yu-Shuang ,   Academic Publishing
Published: November 2020

This article examines how modern Chinese Buddhism has been influenced by its interactions with the modern world. For our purposes, ‘modern Chinese Buddhism’ refers to a form of what has become known in the West as ‘Engaged Buddhism,’ but in Chinese is known by titles that can be translated as ‘Humanistic Buddhism’ or ‘Buddhism for Human Life.’ This tradition was initiated on the Chinese mainland between the two World Wars by the monk Tai Xu (1890–1947). Its main branches have flourished in Taiwan, whence two of them have spread worldwide. The most successful, at least in numerical terms, has been Fo Guang Shan (the Buddha’s Light Mountain) and Ci Ji (the Buddhist Compassion and Relief Society), the former founded by a personal disciple of Tai Xu, Xing Yun, the latter founded by Zheng Yan. Both of them are now very old but remain powerful charismatic leaders.
От «умных» алгоритмов к цифровому паноптикону
Authors: Шибаршина Светлана Викторовна ,   Lobachevsky State University Press
Published: November 2020

Данный текст является репликой на статью А.О. Костиной о платформенном урбанизме. Автор кратко рассматривает некоторые из основных трендов в исследовании сетевого урбанизма и концепции «умного города», включая критику данных явлений. Обсуждается возможность рассмотрения алгоритмов в контексте понятий «черного ящика» и «техносубъекта». Со ссылкой на идеи Джона Урри рассматривается перспектива направления «умного» движения, понимаемого в данном случае как внедрение IoT в управление различными процессами, в сторону цифрового паноптикона как маршрутозависимый исход. Указывается две потенциально обозримые картины будущего. Первая включает адаптацию под происходящие необратимые изменения, сосуществование, трансформацию гештальта видения меняющегося мира (со ссылкой на «темную экологию» Тимоти Мортона). В качестве альтернативного варианта автор обращает внимание на проекты типа развития сельской территории.
Историческая эпистемология и медицина
Authors: Столярова Ольга Евгеньевна ,   Lobachevsky State University Press
Published: November 2020

Мы наблюдаем возрастающий интерес постпозитивистской философии, истории и социологии науки к медицине. Для исторической эпистемологии биомедицинские науки, медицинская теория и практика выступают одним из наиболее предпочтительных объектов исследования. В чем заключается эпистемологическая уникальность медицины? Что медицина может рассказать историческому эпистемологу? Для исторической эпистемологии имеет особое значение выраженная зависимость медицинского теоретического знания от лечебной практики, которая в свою очередь обнаруживает сильную зависимость от исторически изменчивого социо-культурного контекста, в котором она разворачивается. Рассмотрена натуралистическая и объективистская трактовка болезни, при которой болезнь понимается как неизменный и не зависящий от воспринимающего ее субъекта «естественный вид». Показано, что данная трактовка сталкивается с серьезными проблемами, например, с проблемой логического определения каузальных механизмов болезни. Показано, что болезнь обладает онтологическими, эпистемологическими и ценностными измерениями, что превращает ее из «естественного вида» в «концепт», который возникает и существует в пространстве «стиля мышления». Сосуществование различных стилей мышления объясняет противоречивые интерпретации «болезни», каждая из которых обладает собственной легитимностью в контексте определенного стиля. Также задается вопрос о возможном обратном влиянии исторической эпистемологии на медицину: что может рассказать философ (исторический эпистемолог) врачу? Показано, что позиция, которую историческая эпистемология занимает по отношению к медицине, предполагает, что медицина восприимчива к философии. Является ли эта восприимчивость к философии стихийной? И каково ее отношение к профессиональной философии (исторической эпистемологии)?
Molecular docking analysis of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine with spike surface glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2
Authors:   Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, India. Pin-160012, Singh Jitender
Published: November 2020

Millions of people are affected by COVID-19 since the last quarter of 2019. Treatment using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as monotherapy in combination with azithromycin (HCQ-AZ) were administered at several clinical centres to patients tested positive to the virus across continents. Therefore, it is of interest to document the molecular docking analysis data of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine drug with the spike surface glycoprotein of novel COVID-19. Thus, we report the molecular modelling docking based structural binding features of HCQ-AZ with the spike surface glycoprotein of COVID-19 for further evaluation in this regard.
Educational Inequality: Race, Schools and Urban Development in Phoenix; 1968-1982
Authors:   , O'Donnell Michael
Published: November 2020

This thesis argues that to understand why bilingual education did not achieve its aims, the program must be analysed within an urban history context of residential and school segregation in Phoenix. When passed by Congress in 1968, the Bilingual Education Act (BEA) was considered the signature civil rights achievement for Latinos of that era. Ten years later, bilingual education was increasingly considered ineffectual and failed to effect a meaningful change in the attainment gap between Latinos and their Anglo classmates, as was the main objective of the BEA 1968. By focusing upon Phoenix, Arizona between 1968 and 1982, this thesis argues that bilingual education and the place of Mexican Americans in the southwest was fundamentally contested in ways that historians have not fully captured in previous works. This thesis contributes to knowledge by showing that unlike in other Sunbelt locations, in Arizona bilingual education was opposed by conservative politicians throughout this period and its survival remained uncertain. Although hopes for accessing the opportunities granted by Great Society legislation were curtailed by this opposition, it was a series of urban development, school site selection and school desegregation policies which undermined the effectiveness of Phoenix schools in ways that bilingual education could not remedy. These policies created an unequal metropolitan landscape that was reflected in the increasingly racially imbalanced enrolments in Phoenix schools. Ultimately, they caused the closure of inner-city high schools and, by 1982, the creation of a thirty square mile radius without a school. This narrative of underlying discrimination against Mexican Americans also contributes to knowledge by challenging the contemporary marketing of Phoenix as a modern, racially tolerant city. In many cases, Mexican Americans were subject to many of the same prejudiced practices that African Americans were subject to in other Sunbelt cities. Yet, some Mexican American public figures were able to escape the worst excesses of racism. This thesis, therefore, examines the complex environment in which Mexican American racial identities evolved during this period, as the community attempted to navigate the challenges of race4 making state practices and the opportunities that the introduction of bilingual education brought with it.
Being a primary school special educational needs co-ordinator: perceptions and experiences
Authors:   , Sharpe Sheila Margaret
Published: November 2020

This study explores participants’ interpretations of their experiences and perceptions of what it means to be a SENCo as they engage with the demands of their role within an ever-changing educational climate. It highlights the continued complexities of the execution of the role, the implication of austerity cuts and the challenges encountered through the implementation of government policy. The enquiry is a small-scale qualitative study, conducted within an interpretivist paradigm using a narrative approach for data collection with a thematic approach to the analysis. It draws on the experiences and perceptions of six primary Special Educational Needs Coordinators (SENCos) who completed the Post Graduate Certificate in Special Educational Needs Coordination, at a Northern University. The narrative approach enabled the SENCos to share their experiences and the use of drawings gave some immediate insight into their perceptions of the role. The study highlights the perceived impact on the SENCo role of a myriad of constituent elements and makes use of the metaphor of plate spinner to illustrate the complexity of the role. Data reveals tensions in managing government policy in relation to inclusion, special educational needs and performance with additional tensions arising from providing services that government policy has severely cut. Findings reveal that SENCos see a need to take a strategic lead on inclusion and to upskill staff to enable a greater share of the responsibility for the teaching of children with the label of ‘needs’. The study indicates that SENCos are keenly aware of their role to empower parents, staff and children, but within limits. The data reveals that the SENCo role has taken on a new dimension of supporting children and families through a social work mode. My contribution to new knowledge is in presenting new insights informing the role of the SENCo by providing a wider understanding of the continued challenges and frustrations of the role. The findings have a wider application for the contribution of knowledge towards a greater understanding of the concept of empowerment and identity. New knowledge in relation to the SENCos’ perception of empowerment and the emergence of a social role due to the blurring of boundaries between education and social work will lead to a greater understanding of the role. In particular, to those who appoint SENCos, those who inhabit the role, those with whom SENCos work, those who train SENCos and will in turn impact on the teaching and learning of children with the label of needs.
Visual strategies underpinning social cognition in traumatic brain injury
Authors:   , Greene Leanne
Published: November 2020

Impairments in social cognition after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are well documented but poorly understood (McDonald, 2013). Deficits in emotion perception, particularly facial affect recognition, are frequently reported in the literature (Babbage et al., 2011; Knox & Douglas, 2009), as well as mentalizing impairments and difficulty in understanding sincere and sarcastic exchanges (Channon, Pellijeff & Rule, 2005). To fully understand social impairments, both low-level and high-level processes must be explored. Few studies have focused on low-level perceptual processes in regards to facial affect recognition after TBI, and those that do typically use static social stimuli which lack ecological validity (Alves, 2013). This thesis employed eyetracking technology to explore the visual strategies underpinning the processing of contemporary static and dynamic social cognition tasks in a group of 18 TBI participants and 18 age, gender and education matched controls. The group affected by TBI scored significantly lower on the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC; Dziobek, et al., 2006), the Amsterdam Dynamic Facial Expression Set (ADFES; van der Schalk, Hawk, Fischer & Doosje, 2009), and The Assessment of Social Inference Test (McDonald et al., 2003). These findings suggest that, across a range of reliable assessments, individuals with TBI displayed significant social cognition deficits, including emotion perception and theory of mind, thus presenting strong evidence that social cognition is altered post-TBI. Impairments were not related to low-level visual processing as measured through eye-tracking metrics. This important insight suggests that social cognition changes post-TBI is likely associated with impairments in higher-level cognitive functioning. Interestingly, the group with TBI did display some aberrant fixation patterns in response to one static and one dynamic task but gaze patterns were similar between the groups on the remaining tasks. These non-uniform results warrant further exploration of low-level alterations post-TBI. Findings are discussed in reference to academic and clinical implications.
Measurement artefacts, ion mobility and other observations in environmental mass spectrometry analyses
Authors:   , Hart Jeremy R
Published: November 2020

Many laboratories are engaged in the measurement of persistent organic pollutants, particularly polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), to satisfy various investigative needs and compliance requirements worldwide. However, from a mass spectrometry perspective, the current mandated methods have changed little since their origins in the 1980s and 1990s and fail to address certain issues that can lead to the erroneous rejection or filtering of data, and conversely, to the acceptance of data that may be considered questionable. Notwithstanding any legislative requirements, since the goal of these analyses is ultimately related to human or animal health, producing accurate and reliable data is of the utmost importance. This research highlights various areas of concern and aims to improve upon the current peak identification and measurement practices that can lead to such false negatives, false positives and other errors. A key contribution made by this thesis concerns the role of ion statistics in peak area measurement and its subsequent effect on isotope ratio determination – a primary parameter (together with chromatographic retention time) for compound identification in both high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) methods. In an allied area of research, a comprehensive study of all mono- to deca-chlorinated biphenyls using atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation, both for fragmentation analysis and in conjunction with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), was undertaken. An additional original contribution described in this thesis shows that, in addition to certain structural information – especially in relation to the degree of chlorine ortho substitution – there are some unusual shifts in the measured IMS arrival time distributions of certain PCB isotopologues and isotopomers suggesting the occurrence of isomerisation in the gas phase. Other patterns emerging from these data are indicative of the toxicity of certain PCBs, both correlating with known toxic congeners and others that are currently classified as non-toxic.
Le corps expérimental du poète dans Kaléidoscope ou les aléas du corps grave de Michel Beaulieu
Authors: Mailhot Valérie
Published: November 2020

Cet article analyse l’expérience dans Kaléidoscope ou les aléas du corps grave (Montréal, Noroît, 1984), dernier recueil paru du vivant du poète Michel Beaulieu (1941-1985). À partir des réflexions du philosophe Giorgio Agamben dans Enfance et histoire, nous examinerons si et comment le voyage dans diverses villes américaines permet, dans Kaléidoscope, le renouvellement de l’expérience. Le recueil de Beaulieu montre qu’à travers une pratique particulière de l’espace, le corps du poète devient, au fil de ses pérégrinations en Amérique, un véritable corps expérimental, source d’une connaissance subjective du monde, qui tempère le sentiment de déréalisation que le sujet poétique éprouve dans sa ville natale, Montréal.
Corpos subversivos e o princípio pluralista: uma análise antropológica | Subversive bodies and the pluralist principle: an anthropological analysis
Authors: Sousa Luis Fernando Carvalho
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo trata da questão antropológica dos corpos subversivos (que não se enquadram nos padrões normativos) a partir da proposta teológica do princípio pluralista, tendo como eixo articulador o pensamento de Cláudio de Oliveira Ribeiro em diálogo com as correntes sociais que se dedicam a estudar a existência e expressão dessas novas corporeidades. As propostas de autores (as) como Judith Butler, Nadia Pino e Lorenzo Bernini são contrapostas ao princípio pluralista para sinalizar novas possibilidades no que diz respeito à antropologia teológica e a novas possibilidades do fazer teológico. Abstract This article deals with the anthropological issue of subversive bodies (which do not fit the normative standards) based on the theological proposal of the pluralist principle, having Cláudio de Oliveira Ribeiro's thought as an articulating axis in dialogue with the social currents that are dedicated to studying the existence and expression of these new corporealities. The proposals of authors like Judith Butler; Nadia Pino and Lorenzo Bernini are opposed to the pluralist principle to signal new possibilities with regard to theological anthropology and to new possibilities of theological doing.
Relationship between Hand Force and Chest Compression in Manikin Study
Authors: Shin So-Yeon
Published: November 2020

A C-shaped bend is prevalent in long, thin fingers when administering the two-finger compression technique in infant cardiac arrest, making vertical chest compressions difficult. This study was a mannequin experiment, which investigated the effect of grip and back muscle strengths on the outcome of infant chest compressions. Twenty 4th year paramedicine students who had completed 15 weeks of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training were recruited as subjects in this study. The results demonstrated greater grip strength in men than in women. Additionally, grip strength, height, and sex were found to have significant correlations with the depth of chest compressions. The chest compression depth decreased over time, using the two-finger compression technique, while the rate of incomplete release increased. Grip strength was observed to affect the ability to maintain compression depth over time, demonstrating the need for a program to improve basic fitness.
A Study on the Securing of Evacuation Stability of Complicated Accommodation Called Go-Si Won
Authors: Seo Joo-Wan , Lee Seung-Chul
Published: November 2020

This study investigates the process of securing the evacuation safety of the residents of Go-Si Won, which is known as the most dangerous commercial building structure. Thus, it aims to analyze the fire characteristics of the ignition room regarding effective fire escape means. To achieve the research objective, the fire simulation was conducted and analyzed under various conditions at the honeycomb-shaped Go-Si Won. Consequently, the simulation showed an increase in escape permit duration, which was 32 to 36 s longer when operating the smoke control and sprinkler systems than opening smoke windows. The evacuation time shortens as emergency exit stairs are added. The fire facilities are difficult to operate and maintain because of malfunction caused by the building’s deterioration. To enhance the evacuation safety of the honeycomb-shaped Go-Si Won, institutional improvements are needed to strengthen the issuance criteria for facility safety completion certificates, depending on the number of implemented evacuation steps.
Relevance of Job Stress, Depression, and Suicidal Ideation in New Fire Officials: Focus on Mediating Effect of Depression
Authors: Hur Mira , Song Hyeonjeong , Kim Hana
Published: November 2020

This study investigated the mediating effect of depression on the correlation of job stress, depression, and suicidal ideation among 1,331 new fire officials who have worked below three years. For analysis, the Korean Occupational Stress Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised were used. First, we examined the mental health status of new fire officials and analyzed the correlation between job stress, depression, and suicidal ideation. The data were analyzed using the multiple regression analysis method to verify the mediating effect of depression on the correlation between job stress and suicidal ideation. The study found that job stress of new fire officials was positively correlated with depression and suicidal ideation. Depression has a positive correlation with suicidal ideation. When the mediating effect of depression was considered, depression was a partial mediator variable between job stress and suicidal ideation. These results suggest that more efficient and timely treatment in a preventive way will help new fire officials reduce job stress and depression. Moreover, it will be more effective to establish a counterplan for suicide prevention for fire officials.
Analysis of the Effectiveness of Fire Drone Missions at Disaster Sites: An Empirical Approach
Authors: Shin Yeol-Woo , Park Jin-Ho
Published: November 2020

The use of drones in the public sector is expanding to various fields, and its effectiveness has been verified in some cases. Since its introduction to the Seoul Metropolitan Fire and Disaster Headquarters in 2016, drones have been used 1,240 times, including 405 times in disaster response. The purpose of this study is to analyze cases to determine the effectiveness of drones in operations such as searching, acquiring information, and monitoring, compared to traditional disaster response methods. In order to analyze the efficiency of the search missions, we divided the cases into vertical and horizontal searches and measured the response time of the drone compared to that of the firefighters. In terms of the information acquisition missions, the time spent on obtaining information and responding activities when the drone was deployed at building and forest fire sites were compared to missions in which the drone was not deployed. In the case of risk monitoring missions, the scope of the safety management personnel usually deployed at the site and the scope of the drone monitoring were compared. In horizontal searches, such as searching for missing persons, one drone can play the role of 100 people. In addition, drones are more than sixteen times faster than traditional methods in completing vertical searches in high-rise buildings, and 140 s faster in detecting fires in residential areas. Furthermore, it took more than an hour for 78 firefighters to locate a forest fire that broke out at night, but the drone located it in just two min. These results indicate that it is possible to use firefighter personnel more effectively and efficiently by using drones at disaster sites. To that end, more research on how to modulate the duties of firefighters while working with fire drones is required.
Exploratory Study on Trauma Scoring Systems for SAVE Triage
Authors: Uhm Tai-Hwan , Kim Jee Hee , Park Sang-Kyu , Kwag Eun-Jwoo , Kim Mi-Sook , Shin So-Yeon
Published: November 2020

This study examined several trauma scoring systems that serve as the basis for applying the Secondary Assessment of Victim Endpoint (SAVE) severity classification to propose a method that can be applied during triage. By using an exploratory method, data collected from different trauma scoring systems was qualitatively evaluated. First, it was confirmed that the survival risk ratio (SRR) of the International Classification of Disease-based Injury Severity Score (ICISS) can be used for SAVE severity classification. Second, the Korean Trauma Data Bank (KTDB) of the Central Emergency Medical Center does not indicate the SRR of each injury according to the Korean standard classification of disease and cause of death (KCD). Third, the SRR of injuries, from data acquired from the United States can be used for classification of SAVE severity classification. Fourth, the addition of SRR from the KCD to the KTDB can be used for SAVE severity classification.
Performance of Recycled Fire-Extinguishing Agents in Terms of Fire-Fighting Performance Management
Authors: Kim Jong-Sang , Han Yong-Taek
Published: November 2020

Since January 28, 2017, domestic fire extinguishers have been manufactured nationwide, and a domestic fire extinguisher can be used for 10 years. Hence, the treatment of the extinguishing agent existing in waste extinguishers is a critical issue economically and environmentally. Accordingly, the manufacturer reuses and recycles the fire extinguishing agent, and this recycling method has been approved for fire extinguishers. In some cases, the quality of reused extinguishing agents and fire extinguishers are uncertain. Therefore, in this study, the physical and chemical properties of recycled extinguishing agents were evaluated through accelerated aging tests to verify the quality of the recycled extinguishing agents. The accelerated aging test results were obtained according to the approval criteria type for the physical and chemical properties of the recycled extinguishing agent. As a substitute effect, it was found that the import substitution effect and resource effect could be regarded as a circulating resource for fire-extinguishing agents that are imported in full quantity, and the price competitiveness of fire extinguishers can be achieved.
Analysis of Dermatoglyphic Features: Comparison of the Ink, Lipstick and Improvise Digital Methods
Authors: Oghenemavwe Loveday Ese , Gloria Odigwe
Published: November 2020

The aim of the study was to compare the Ink, Lipstick and the Improvise Digital Methods by quantitatively and quantitatively analyzing some dermatologlyphic features of the digit and palm. Twenty one Biomedical Technology students were recruited for the study. The prints of the digits and palms of all participants were taken using the ink, lipstick and Improvise digital methods. In addition all participants were also trained to take the prints using all the methods and analyzed dermatoglyphic features. Dermaltoglyphic parameters evaluated were digit patterns, total finger ridge count (TFRC) and ATD angles. In addition direct one-on-one interview method to measure participants’ response to each of the methods was done. Chi-square test and paired t-test was used to analyze the results. There was no significant difference (P> .05) in the qualitative results for digit patterns obtained by the Improvise digital method with either of the other two methods. But qualitative evaluation of ATD angle and TFRC showed a statistical difference (P = 0.00 and P = 0.01). The Improvise digital method was rated 94.74% on participants’ preference scale, 91.22% on ease of method and 94.74%.on convenience. All the methods have their comparative advantages but the Improvise digital method was most preferred by participants.
A Review of Data Science and Big Data Computing
Authors: Ali Wajid , Shafique Muhammad Usman , Majeed Muhammad Arslan , Faizan Muhammad , Raza Ahmad
Published: November 2020

Data Science emerged as an important discipline and its education is essential for success in almost every aspect of life.  Here comes the age of Big data. Big data impacts all aspects of our lives and society is admitting it. Data processing and other techniques are combined to convert abundant data into valuable information for society, organizations, and people. Specific strategies and approaches are needed to provide better to educate future data scientists to overcome the challenges of Big data. In this paper, we discussed the general concept of data science, Big data, and areas of Big data computing.