bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated Speech Audiometry for Integrated Voice Over Internet Protocol Communication Services
Authors: Bruns Tobias , Ooster Jasper , Stennes Matthias , Rennies Jan
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Problems in speech recognition are often apparent in telecommunication situations. For ecologically valid assessments of such conditions, it is important to quantify the impact of real environments including acoustic conditions at a far-end communication device and all paths of transmission degradation. This study presents an automated matrix sentence test procedure based on automatic speech recognition (ASR) integrated in a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) infrastructure and compares the individual effects of transmission degradations with results from laboratory measurements.

Method:

Speech recognition thresholds (SRTs) were measured in 16 normal-hearing subjects in four test conditions: (a) a laboratory condition guided by a human experimenter, (b) a laboratory condition with reduced bandwidth and (c) additionally reduced headset quality to simulate typical communication systems, and (d) an automated, ASR-controlled adaptive test procedure over a real VoIP infrastructure. Errors of the ASR system were analyzed to show possible effects on measurement outcome

Results:

Measured SRTs showed a highly significant correlation (
r
= .93) between the fully automatic and “laboratory” conditions, with a constant bias of about 1 dB indicating a linear shift of the data without affecting the distribution around the mean. The individual impact of the different system degradations on SRTs could be quantified

Conclusions:

This study provides a proof of concept for automated ASR-based SRT measurements over VoIP systems for speech audiometric testing in real communication systems, as it produced results comparable to traditional laboratory settings for this group of 16 normal-hearing subjects. This makes VoIP services a promising candidate for speech audiometric testing in real communication systems.
Modelling and indirect field‐oriented control for pole phase modulation induction motor drives
Authors: Iqbal Atif , Reddy B. Prathap , Rahman Syed , Meraj Mohammad
Published: August 2022

In the recent days, for the traction and electric vehicle (EV) applications, multiphase machines with pole phase modulation (PPM) technique have been proposed. The smoother operation during pole changeovers as well as steady‐state operations is a significant constraint while adopting the PPM‐based multiphase induction motor (PPMIM) drives for EV and traction applications. So, in this paper, the PPMIM dynamic model and associated vector control are proposed for attaining a smoother operation of the machine. The machine modelling equations and transformation matrices are implemented in an arbitrary reference frame by considering the different pole phase combinations. Based on the modelling equations, the indirect field‐oriented control (IFOC) is proposed for PPMIM drives by reflecting the associated changes in parameters for different pole phase modes. In the IFOC, for regulating the d‐axis and q‐axis current components, single PI control loops have been implemented for all pole‐phase combinations. The proposed IFOC scheme is robust and applicable for adopting any type of pulse width modulation. The experimental, as well as simulation results, are given to illustrate the potentiality of the proposed dynamic model and IFOC. The PPMIM machine performance during the steady state as well as pole changeovers in different pole phase modes are analyzed and associated. Simulation and experimental results are presented.
Extending empirical constraints on the SZ–mass scaling relation to higher redshifts via HST weak lensing measurements of nine clusters from the SPT-SZ survey at z ≳ 1
Authors: Zohren Hannah , Schrabback Tim , Bocquet Sebastian , Sommer Martin , Raihan Fatimah , Hernández-Martín Beatriz , Marggraf Ole , Ansarinejad Behzad , Bayliss Matthew B. , Bleem Lindsey E. , Erben Thomas , Hoekstra Henk , Floyd Benjamin , Gladders Michael D. , Kleinebreil Florian , McDonald Michael A. , Schirmer Mischa , Scognamiglio Diana , Sharon Keren , Wright Angus H.
Published: August 2022

We present a Hubble Space Telescope (HST) weak gravitational lensing study of nine distant and massive galaxy clusters with redshifts 1.0 ≲ z ≲ 1.7 (zmedian = 1.4) and Sunyaev Zel’dovich (SZ) detection significance ξ > 6.0 from the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev Zel’dovich (SPT-SZ) survey. We measured weak lensing galaxy shapes in HST/ACS F606W and F814W images and used additional observations from HST/WFC3 in F110W and VLT/FORS2 in UHIGH to preferentially select background galaxies at z ≳ 1.8, achieving a high purity. We combined recent redshift estimates from the CANDELS/3D-HST and HUDF fields to infer an improved estimate of the source redshift distribution. We measured weak lensing masses by fitting the tangential reduced shear profiles with spherical Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) models. We obtained the largest lensing mass in our sample for the cluster SPT-CL J2040−4451, thereby confirming earlier results that suggest a high lensing mass of this cluster compared to X-ray and SZ mass measurements. Combining our weak lensing mass constraints with results obtained by previous studies for lower redshift clusters, we extended the calibration of the scaling relation between the unbiased SZ detection significance ζ and the cluster mass for the SPT-SZ survey out to higher redshifts. We found that the mass scale inferred from our highest redshift bin (1.2 < z < 1.7) is consistent with an extrapolation of constraints derived from lower redshifts, albeit with large statistical uncertainties. Thus, our results show a similar tendency as found in previous studies, where the cluster mass scale derived from the weak lensing data is lower than the mass scale expected in a PlanckνΛCDM (i.e. νΛ cold dark matter) cosmology given the SPT-SZ cluster number counts.
Eine qualitative Studie zu Erfahrungen von Physiotherapeut*innen und Patient*innen mit Videotherapie in der Heilmittelversorgung muskuloskelettaler und neuromuskulärer Beschwerden
Authors: Vielitz Arne , Höpfner Max , Jochum Isabelle , Karstens Sven
Published: August 2022

Hintergrund Zur Sicherung der Versorgung von Patient*innen während der Coronapandemie wurde von den Krankenkassen die Möglichkeit zur Videotherapie geschaffen. Frühere internationale Studien zur digitalen Therapie zeigen gute Ergebnisse bei der Umsetzbarkeit und beim Effekt im Vergleich zur Therapie in Praxen. In Deutschland war diese Versorgungsform jedoch bis dahin ein Novum in der Physiotherapie.

Ziel Erfassung von Erfahrungen von Patient*innen und Physiotherapeut*innen bei der Durchführung von Videotherapie.

Methode Unter Verwendung eines Videosystems wurden semistrukturierte Einzelinterviews geführt. Die Interviews wurden transkribiert und am für die Grounded Theory nach Strauss und Corbin 17 beschriebenen Vorgehen analysiert.

Ergebnisse Es wurden 6 Patient*innen und 8 Physiotherapeut*innen befragt. Aus der Analyse ergaben sich als Hauptkategorien „Zielgruppe“, „Rahmenbedingungen“, „Therapie, Befund und Behandlungsansätze“ sowie „Videotherapie“ als alternativer Ansatz und Fazit der Teilnehmenden. Neben der Diagnose wurden Faktoren wie Bekanntheit in der Praxis und Alter zur Auswahl von Patient*innen herangezogen. Alter und Technikverständnis wurden als mögliche Hemmnisse zur Umsetzung angesprochen. Über die üblichen organisatorischen Aspekte hinaus erfordert Videotherapie spezifische Anpassungen an das Arbeitsumfeld und die Auswahl eines passenden Videosystems sowie Datenschutz. Aktive Therapieansätze wurden als umsetzbar beschrieben, während die fehlende Möglichkeit, manuell zu arbeiten, der Behandlung Grenzen setzt. Beratung erfahre dagegen einen neuen Stellenwert. Die Kombination von Praxis- und Videoeinheiten wurde als Zukunftsperspektive bewertet.

Schlussfolgerung Anhand des qualitativen Designs konnten verschiedene, von den Befragten als relevant erlebte Faktoren erfasst werden. Die gemachten Erfahrungen unterschieden sich häufig im positiven Sinne von den anfänglichen Erwartungen. Für Therapeut*innen und Patient*innen ist eine Mischform aus Videotherapie und Therapie in der Praxis für bestimmte Zielgruppen denkbar. Es lassen sich Punkte ableiten, die für die Planung und Umsetzung der Videotherapie vorab definiert werden sollten.
Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia Treatment on Acute Phase
Reactants
Authors: Elbayiyev Sarkhan , Şimşek Gülsüm Kadıoğlu , Ertekin Ömer , Işık Şehribanu , Kanmaz Kutman Hayriye Gözde , Canpolat Fuat Emre
Published: August 2022

Objective In our study, we aimed to examine the effect of therapeutic
hypothermia treatment on C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in
infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Methods The data of the patients with the diagnosis of HIE we followed up
in our unit between 2017 and 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients who
died during follow-up and patients with proven septicemia at the time of
examination were excluded from the study. The routine CRP and IL-6 values
​​of the patients included in the study were compared before and
after hypothermia treatment.

Results Therapeutic hypothermia treatment applied for 72 hours was
found to cause a statistically significant increase in CRP after treatment when
compared with the values ​​measured before treatment (0.6
(0.2–1.9) before and median (P25–75), and after treatment 7.5
(4–18) and median (P25–75) mg/L, p=0.00). While
IL-6 was found to be high in the early period due to the effect of hypoxia, it
was found to be low after hypothermia treatment (80.5 (40–200) median
(P25–75) – 32 (18–50) median (P25–75)
pg/ml, p=0.131). While the white blood cell count was high
before hypothermia treatment due to hypoxia, it was found to be low after
treatment (24600 (19600–30100) median (P25–75) –11300
(8800–14200) median (P25–75)/µL,
p=0.001).

Conclusion White blood cells and IL-6 can be found to be high due to
hypoxia without infection, and CRP can be found to be high after therapeutic
hypothermia treatment without infection. The effect of hypoxia and hypothermia
should be considered when evaluating acute phase reactants.
Fit für Zwei – Eine Studie zu sitzendem Verhalten und
körperlicher Aktivität in der Schwangerschaft
Authors: Bauer Juliane , Steinbrückner Madlén , Dörr Marcus , Bahls Martin , Schmidt Thorsten , Ulbricht Sabina
Published: August 2022

Hintergrund In der Pilotstudie wurde die mit sitzendem Verhalten
verbrachte Zeit sowie die körperliche Aktivität bei Schwangeren
mit Hilfe eines Akzelerometers erfasst.

Methoden Für die Studie wurden 32 Schwangere rekrutiert, davon elf
im ersten Trimester. Definierte Tragezeiträume für das
Akzelerometer waren in den Trimestern die Wochen 9–12, 23–26
bzw. 36–39. Im Anschluss an die jeweils 7-tägige Messung
erfolgte eine selbstadministrierte Befragung.

Ergebnisse Die Schwangeren waren im Mittel 30 Jahre alt, 50% unter
ihnen erstgebärend, 68,8% hatten Hochschulreife. Das
Akzelerometer wurde im Mittel 13 Stunden pro Tag getragen. In allen Trimestern
wurde mehr als die Hälfte der Zeit sitzendes Verhalten aufgezeichnet.
Moderat-anstrengende Aktivität war mit einem Anteil von 4,7% im
zweiten Trimester höher, verglichen mit 2,5% im ersten und
3,8% im dritten Trimester. Die Empfehlungen der Fachgesellschaften, pro
Woche 150 Minuten moderat-anstrengend aktiv zu sein, erfüllten
36% im ersten, 54% im zweiten und 58% im dritten
Trimester. Verglichen mit Mehrgebärenden zeigten Erstgebärende
im zweiten und dritten Trimester doppelt so hohe Zeitanteile in
moderat-anstrengender Aktivität.

Fazit Sitzendes Verhalten dominiert mehr als die Hälfte der
tagsüber erfassten Zeit bei Schwangeren. Etwa die Hälfte
erfüllt die Empfehlungen internationaler Leitlinien im zweiten und
dritten Trimester. Die Ergebnisse der Studie machen deutlich, dass sitzendes
Verhalten und körperliche Aktivität stärker in den Fokus
von Praxis und Forschung rücken sollte, um Schwangere zu einem
aktivieren Lebensstil zu motivieren.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser
Authors: Koch-Gromus Uwe , Schulz Holger
Published: August 2022

psychische Erkrankungen spielen in der gesundheitlichen Versorgung in Deutschland
eine erhebliche Rolle. Dies zeigt sich u. a. bei den Anlässen
für Arztbesuche, bei der Häufigkeit der Krankschreibungen und in der
Zahl der vorzeitigen Berentungen. In allen Bereichen sind die Zahlen in den letzten
Jahren deutlich angestiegen. Gleichzeitig haben sich die ambulanten und
stationären Angebote bei gesundheitsbezogenen psychischen Problemen in
dieser Zeit erheblich erhöht.
Behandlungsergebnisse in der Psychosomatischen Rehabilitation
– Die Hersfelder Katamnesestudie
Authors: Peters Meinolf , Budde Andrea , Jeising Astrid , Lindner Joachim , Schulz Holger
Published: August 2022

Ziel der Studie Vorliegende Evaluationsstudien zeigen Verbesserungen im
Verlauf und nach der Behandlung in Psychosomatischen Rehabilitationskliniken.
Doch die Kliniken sehen sich neuen Herausforderungen gegenüber, die
beispielsweise auf die Veränderungen in der Arbeitswelt
zurückzuführen sind. Gleichzeitig treten neue Patientengruppen,
wie u. a. ältere Patient*innen, mehr in den Fokus, auf
die die Kliniken häufig noch nicht ausreichend eingestellt sind. Vor
diesem Hintergrund wurde in der Klinik am Hainberg, einer Psychosomatischen
Rehabilitationsklinik, eine Evaluationsstudie zur Überprüfung
der Veränderungen in zentralen Dimensionen des Outcomes in der
Psychosomatik durchgeführt.

Methodik Für den Vergleich von Aufnahme vs. Entlassung liegen
Daten einer Stichprobe von 761 Patient*innen vor, von denen 559 zur
Katamnese (6 Monate) noch antworteten (73% Rücklaufquote).
Ausgewertet wurden fünf Module des HEALTH-49.

Ergebnisse In allen Modulen fanden sich Verbesserungen mit mittlerer bis
großer Effektstärke zur Entlassung, zur Katamnese mit mittlerer
Effektstärke. Weder Alter, noch Geschlecht oder AU-Zeiten standen im
Zusammenhang mit dem Rehabilitationsergebnis, wohingegen eine niedrigere Bildung
eher mit weniger ausgeprägten Verbesserungen assoziiert ist.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse dokumentieren erneut positive
Behandlungsergebnisse sowohl kurz- als auch mittelfristig in relevanten
Dimensionen des Outcomes. Das praktizierte Rehabilitationskonzept scheint bei
allen Patientengruppen erfolgversprechend zu sein, auch bei den besonders in den
Fokus gerückten mit längeren Zeiten der
Arbeitsunfähigkeit oder mit höherem Lebensalter.
Fächerübergreifende psychokardiologische
Rehabilitation: vom Modellprojekt zur Blaupause des dualen
Rehabilitationskonzeptes – von Erfahrungswerten zu wissenschaftlichen
Daten
Authors: Langheim Eike , Schmitz Christoph , Köllner Volker
Published: August 2022

Die Entstehung und der Verlauf einer Herzerkrankung können durch
psychische Komorbidität (v. a. Depression, Angststörung
oder Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung) entscheidend beeinflusst
werden. Eine akute oder chronische kardiologische Erkrankung kann wiederum
psychische Störungen auslösen oder diese verstärken.
Diese Zusammenhänge haben eine erhebliche Bedeutung für die
kardiologische Rehabilitation, da psychische Komorbidität
Aktivität und Teilhabe oft stärker einschränken als die
organische Herzkrankheit. In monodisziplinären Rehabilitationsverfahren
(kardiologisch oder psychosomatisch) kann bei Komorbidität aber jeweils
ein Krankheitsbild nicht adäquat behandelt und sozialmedizinisch
begutachtet werden. Hier sind fächerübergreifende
Rehabilitationskonzepte gefordert.

Im ersten Teil dieses Beitrages werden die Entwicklung und Implementierung eines
interdisziplinären psychokardiologischen Rehabilitationskonzeptes von
der Modellphase bis zur Etablierung und Ausweitung auf andere Fachgebiete sowie
erste Forschungsergebnisse beschrieben. Die Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund
weitet das Konzept nach ersten positiven Evaluationsdaten und einer guten
Akzeptanz der Rehabilitanden unter der Bezeichnung „duale
Rehabilitation“ auch auf andere Fachgebiete aus, um die
interdisziplinäre Kooperation bei psychisch-somatischer
Komorbidität zu fördern.

Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit werden das Konzept und erste Daten aus der von der DRV
Bund geförderten kontrollierten EvaPK-Studie (Evaluation der
Effektivität psychokardiologischer Rehabilitation)
vorgestellt. Diese zeigen, dass primär der Psychokardiologie zugewiesene
komorbide Patienten gerade in Aktivität und Teilhabe (erfasst im
Mini-ICF-APP-S) besonders belastet sind und dass die psychokardiologische
Rehabilitation auch bei dieser hoch belasteten Gruppe effektiv ist. Es fehlen
allerdings noch die Auswertungen der Katamnese und der kardialen
Funktionsparameter.

Sowohl die Pilotstudie als auch erste Daten der EvaPK-Studie zeigen, dass
psychokardiologische Rehabilitation den Bedürfnissen komorbider
Patienten gerecht wird und von diesen gut akzeptiert wird. Erfolgreiche
psychokardiologische Rehabilitation nach dem hier dargestellten Konzept
erfordert allerdings einen höheren Personalaufwand und intensive,
gleichberechtigte Kooperation. Weitere Forschung hierzu ist notwendig.
Ergebnisqualität medizinischer Rehabilitation im Spiegel
singulärer und multipler Ergebniskriterien – Wo steht die
Psychosomatische Rehabilitation im Indikationenvergleich?
Authors: Schmidt Jürgen , Nübling Rüdiger , Kaiser Udo
Published: August 2022

Hintergrund Eine Reihe von Studien aus dem Versorgungsalltag belegt eine
gute Ergebnisqualität der Psychosomatischen Rehabilitation.
Outcome-bezogene Vergleiche mit anderen Indikationen liegen bisher jedoch kaum
vor.

Methodik Im Rahmen einer Multicenter-Studie wurden N=6608
Rehabilitanden1 der Indikationen
Psychosomatik, Kardiologie, Neurologie, Onkologie und Orthopädie
hinsichtlich ihrer Ausgangsmerkmale und der längerfristigen
Ergebnisqualität überprüft (Einpunktmessung 1 Jahr nach
Ende der Reha). Mit einem generischen Mess- und Bewertungsansatz erfolgten
quasi-indirekte und direkte Veränderungsmessungen sowie Statusmessungen
zum Zeitpunkt der Nachbefragung. Zusätzlich zum Vergleich von
singulären und multiplen Ergebniskriterien auf der Ebene von PRO-Daten
(„Patient Reported Outcomes“) wurden auch Ergebniskriterien aus
der Reha-Statistik-Datenbasis (RSD) einbezogen.

Ergebnisse Die 5 Indikationsgruppen unterscheiden sich sowohl in Ausgangs-
und Prozessmerkmalen als auch in kurz- und längerfristigen
Ergebniskriterien. Die Effektgrößen der Assoziation sind jedoch
mehrheitlich eher gering. Bei allen Indikationen zeigen sich im Bereich
gesundheitsbezogener Merkmale positive Veränderungen. Die
höchsten Prä-Post-Effektstärken finden sich zumeist in
der Psychosomatik, die geringsten in der Neurologie. Bei allen Indikationen sind
die Zahlungen der Sozialversicherungsbeiträge im ersten Jahr nach der
Reha etwas rückläufig. Trotz der größten
Prä-Post-Effektgrößen bei gesundheitsbezogenen Merkmalen
sind die Rehabilitanden der Psychosomatik im Durchschnitt weniger zufrieden mit
der Reha und bewerten den Nutzen der Reha weniger positiv. Auf Ebene multipler
Ergebniskriterien unterscheiden sich die Indikationen mit Ausnahme der
Neurologie relativ wenig. Das multiple Ergebniskriterium kann zu 28% aus
Ausgangs- und Prozessmerkmalen vorhergesagt werden. Als bester Prädiktor
erweist sich die wahrgenommene berufliche Ausrichtung der Reha.

Schlussfolgerung Die Studie weist auf eine gute längerfristige
Ergebnisqualität der Psychosomatischen Rehabilitation hin. Sie zeigt
jedoch auch, dass die mittels multipler Ergebniskriterien gemessene
längerfristige Ergebnisqualität bei den Vergleichsindikationen
auf einem ähnlich hohen Niveau liegt (Ausnahme Neurologie).
Mögliche Limitationen der Studie ergeben sich aus der Einpunktmessung
und dem daraus resultierenden Modus der Veränderungsmessung.
Comparative Morpho-micrometric Investigations in Six Indigenous Ocimum Species of India with DOE Based HPTLC Method for Multi-class Component Analysis
Authors: Mirgal Amit , Ghoshal Sautik , Ghule Chetana , Bhatt Krishna , Patel Kalpana , Girme Aboli , Hingorani Lal
Published: August 2022

The Ocimum genus is one of Indiaʼs prominent botanical classes of traditional medicinal culture comprising medicinally and agronomically important plants. Morphological resemblances,
overlapping geographical distribution, and history of traditional nomenclature have necessitated a comprehensive qualitative report for effective quality control and removing the species
ambiguity pertaining to this genus. This paper provides detailed morpho-micrometric characteristics used to differentiate between six indigenous Ocimum species of India. Among them,
O. gratissimum was distinguished as the only shrub with a fleshy petiole. In green and purple forms, O. tenuiflorum leaves had serrate margins and showed no particular
anatomical differences except for the anthocyanins containing epidermal cells of the latter. O. basilicum had glabrous leaves except for the veins, which were puberulous. O.
filamentosum had tenuous anther filaments and was the least aromatic while O. africanum had a citrusy odour, which along with the number of xylary rows, size of mesophyll cells,
and epidermal cell wall architecture, distinguished it from O. americanum. An HPTLC method was developed using experimental design and validated for quantification of multi-class
compounds from terpenoic, phenolic acids, and flavonoids in Ocimum leaves. It was found linear (r
2 > 0.99) with recoveries between 95 – 100% for all compounds.
The eluted bands of marker compounds were subjected to HPTLC-MS analysis as a confirmative tool. This is the first anatomical and analytical report of O. filamentosum Forssk. The
obtained results could be effectively used for species identification using vegetative characters alone with the anatomical-HPTLC data backing up the former as a rapid and economical
tool.
Enhancement of London Dispersion in Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Towards a Crystalline Encounter Complex
Authors: Holtrop Flip , Helling Christoph , Slootweg J. Chris , Lutz Martin , van Leest Nicolaas P. , de Bruin Bas
Published: August 2022

The encounter complex, i.e., the pre-organized assembly consisting of a Lewis acid and a Lewis base, is a fundamental concept in frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry. However, this donor–acceptor complex is challenging to study due to its transient nature. Here, we present a combined theoretical and experimental investigation on the potential isolation of an encounter complex enabled by enhancement of London dispersion forces between a sterically encumbered Lewis acid and base pair. Guided by computational analyses, the FLP originating from the bulky triarylamine N(3,5-tBu2C6H3)3 and the novel triarylborane B(3,5-tBu2C6H3)3 was investigated, leading to the isolation of a 1:1 co-crystal of both FLP components.
Neuro-ophthalmological Presentation of Optic Neuritis in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease
Authors: Lin Ting-Yi , Asseyer Susanna , Buenrostro Gilberto Solorza , Feldmann Kristina , Hamann Steffen , Paul Friedemann , Zimmermann Hanna G.
Published: August 2022

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a rare demyelinating autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system. MOGAD frequently manifests with severe,
bilateral, and episodes of recurrent optic neuritis (ON) and is an important differential diagnosis to multiple sclerosis and aquaporin-4-IgG seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum
disorders. Besides ON, the clinical manifestations of MOGAD commonly include transverse myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and brain stem encephalitis. In this review, we
summarize the current knowledge of the neuro-ophthalmological presentation of MOGAD-ON. We describe epidemiological aspects, including the association with COVID-19 and other infections or
vaccinations, clinical presentation, and imaging findings of MOGAD-ON in the acute stage and during remission. Furthermore, we report findings on prognosis, treatment response, and changes
in ON-unaffected eyes. We touch upon findings on visual acuity, visual fields, and visual evoked potentials, as well as structural changes assessed with optical coherence tomography.
Moreover, we explain how to differentiate MOGAD from its differential diagnoses, including other neuroinflammatory disorders (multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders),
but also idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
Visible-Light-Driven α-Hydroxymethylation of Ketones in a Continuous-Flow Microreactor
Authors: Meng Qingwei , Zhao Jingnan , Sun Huinan , Li Jianing , Yun Lei , Ma Cunfei , Yu Zongyi , Zhu Hongfei
Published: August 2022

A visible-light-driven α-hydroxymethylation of ketones to generate the corresponding alcohols was achieved under continuous-flow conditions. MeOH was used as a green and renewable C1 source and solvent to enable the α-C(sp3)–H functionalization of ketones under irradiation by white LEDs. A flow microreactor operated under optimized conditions permitted this oxidation to proceed with a higher efficiency and a shortened reaction time of 215 minutes, which was improved ten times compared with the batch parallel reaction (36 h). Mechanism studies indicate the reaction proceeds by a radical pathway.
Prescription of High-intensity Aerobic Interval Training Based on
Oxygen Uptake Kinetics
Authors: Festa Raúl Ricardo , Monsalves-Álvarez Matías , Cancino Jorge , Jannas-Vela Sebastián
Published: August 2022

Endurance training results in diverse adaptations that lead to increased
performance and health benefits. A commonly measured training response is the
analysis of oxygen uptake kinetics, representing the demand of a determined load
(speed/work) on the cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic systems,
providing useful information for the prescription of constant load or
interval-type aerobic exercise. There is evidence that during high-intensity
aerobic exercise some interventions prescribe brief interval times
(<1-min), which may lead to a dissociation between the load prescribed
and the oxygen uptake demanded, potentially affecting training outcomes.
Therefore, this review explored the time to achieve a close association between
the speed/work prescribed and the oxygen uptake demanded after the onset
of high-intensity aerobic exercise. The evidence assessed revealed that at least
80% of the oxygen uptake amplitude is reached when phase II of oxygen
uptake kinetics is completed (1 to 2 minutes after the onset of
exercise, depending on the training status). We propose that the minimum
work-time during high-intensity aerobic interval training sessions should be at
least 1 minute for athletes and 2 minutes for non-athletes. This
suggestion could be used by coaches, physical trainers, clinicians and sports or
health scientists for the prescription of high-intensity aerobic interval
training.
Application of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction in Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Authors: Xu Peng , Tan Miao , Wang Mingming , Cheng Yan
Published: August 2022

The Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction(HQGZWWT) is composed of Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), and Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) which has various pharmacological anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antitumor, lipid-lowering, and immunity-regulating activities. It has certain advantages in the treatment of orthopaedic diseases, such as cervical spondylosis, scapulohumeral periarthritis, lumbar disc herniation, knee osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, myofascial pain syndrome, etc., with outstanding clinical efficacy, few adverse reactions, and high patient compliance. However, modern pharmacological researches on the whole prescription of HQGZWWT are insufficient and the therapeutic targets are not clear which needs further exploration. Besides, this prescription cannot treat all orthopaedic diseases, so we should adhere to the thinking of four diagnostics in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), select prescriptions based on syndrome differentiation, closely follow the pathogenesis, innovate and expand its scope of application, reflect the application advantages of this prescription in orthopaedics and traumatology and improve the total clinical efficiency.
Knowledge and Attitude of Cervical Cancer Screening and Vaccination in Patients Attending Gynecology Outpatient Clinic at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Shamaun Shamaila , Jaleel Riffat , Gull Yasmeen , Shahid Afshan , Iqbal Mehreen , Qazi Tabinda Naseer
Published: August 2022

Background Cervical cancer is the third most prevalent female cancer in Pakistan; nearly 70% present at a very advanced stage of malignancy due to lack of awareness, proper screening, and vaccination. Therefore, we aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude toward screening, vaccination, and risk factors of cervical cancer in sexually active women of Pakistan.

Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the gynecology outpatient clinic of a public sector hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, from December 2021 to March 2022. We included sexually active women with exception of diagnosed cases of cervical cancer, pregnancy, vaginal bleeding, and psychological disorder. Collected data were regarding demographic characteristics, awareness regarding cervical cancer, screening, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, and risk factors, history of cervical screening, and wiliness to opt-in for cervical screening.

Results We included 226 women with a mean age of 41.25 ± 10.54 years. The mean parity level was observed to be 3.8 ± 1.95. A majority of women were housewives by profession (88.9%) and uneducated (61.9%). Only 41.2% (93) of women were aware of cervical cancer, 33.6% (76) were aware of cervical screening, and only 15.9% (36) had a history of cervical screening. Only four women (1.8%) were aware of the HPV vaccine and 31% (70) showed intention to opt-in for cervical screening. A vast majority of women (96.9%) were not aware of the risk factors of cervical cancer.

Conclusion(s) We have observed poor awareness regarding cervical cancer, HPV vaccination, and cervical screening among women in our population. Lack of awareness was not restricted to a certain segment but it prevails all across the demographic in our population.
Surgical Treatment of Cavernous and Fibrous-Cavernous TB in Children
Authors: Giller Dmitry Borisovich , Koroev Vadim Valerievich , Kesaev Oleg Shamilievich , Enilenis Inga Igorevna , Dobrin Roman Romanovich , Martel Ivan Ivanovich
Published: August 2022

Introduction Treatment of cavernous and fibrous cavernous tuberculosis in children, especially in the presence of multiple drug resistance-tuberculosis or extremely drug resistance-tuberculosis, presents a major challenge.

Materials and Methods We analyzed results of treatment of 65 patients (mean age 14.8 + 2.9 years) with cavernous TB (group I) and 116 patients (mean age 15.6 + 1.9 years) with fibrous-cavernous TB (group II). Evaluation of treatment efficiency was performed directly at discharge and 1 year after treatment according to Lazerson's criteria.

Results In group I, after 80 operations, two (2.5%) cases showed delayed expansion of the lung after combined resections, in group II, postoperative complications after 160 operations occurred in eight (5.0%) cases (the difference is reliable p ≤0,05). There was no hospital fatality. The effectiveness at the time of discharge from surgery (cessation of bacterization and elimination of decay cavities in the lung) was 100% in groups I and II, respectively. A year later, according to Lazerson's criteria, the efficiency in group I was 100%, in group II was 97.4%.

Conclusion Operations in patients with cavernous tuberculosis performed after 10 to 12 months of conservative treatment present a lower risk of postoperative complications and relapses of cavernous tuberculosis than operations in patients with fibrous cavernous tuberculosis performed after 22 months or more of treatment.
Something borrowed, something new: Challenges in using qualitative methods to study under-researched international business phenomena
Authors: Reuber A Rebecca , Alkhaled Sophie , Barnard Helena , Couper Carole , Sasaki Innan
Published: August 2022

This article responds to calls for IB researchers to study a greater diversity of international business (IB) phenomena in order to generate theoretical insights about empirical settings that are under-represented in the scholarly IB literature. While this objective is consistent with the strengths of qualitative research methods, novel empirical settings are not always well aligned with methods that have been developed in better-researched and thus more familiar settings. In this article, we explore three methods-related challenges of studying under-researched empirical settings, in terms of gathering and analyzing qualitative data. The challenges are: managing researcher identities, navigating unfamiliar data gathering conditions, and theorizing the uniqueness of novel empirical settings. These challenges are integral to the process of contextualization, which involves linking observations from an empirical setting to the categories of the theoretical research context. We provide a toolkit of recommended practices to manage them, by drawing on published accounts of research by others, and on our own experiences in the field.
Multi-extreme conditions at the Second Target Station
Authors: Haberl B. , Quirinale D. G. , Li C. W. , Granroth G. E. , Nojiri H. , Donnelly M.-E. , Ushakov S. V. , Boehler R. , Winn B. L.
Published: August 2022

Three concepts for the application of multi-extreme conditions under in situ neutron scattering are described here. The first concept is a neutron diamond anvil cell made from a non-magnetic alloy. It is shrunk in size to fit existing magnets and future magnet designs and is designed for best pressure stability upon cooling. This will allow for maximum pressures above 10 GPa to be applied simultaneously with (steady-state) high magnetic field and (ultra-)low temperature. Additionally, an implementation of miniature coils for neutron diamond cells is presented for pulsed-field applications. The second concept presents a set-up for laser-heating a neutron diamond cell using a defocused CO2 laser. Cell, anvil, and gasket stability will be achieved through stroboscopic measurements and maximum temperatures of 1500 K are anticipated at pressures to the megabar. The third concept presents a hybrid levitator to enable measurements of solids and liquids at temperatures in excess of 4000 K. This will be accomplished by a combination of bulk induction and surface laser heating and hyperbaric conditions to reduce evaporation rates. The potential for deployment of these multi-extreme environments within this first instrument suite of the Second Target Station is described with a special focus on VERDI, PIONEER, CENTAUR, and CHESS. Furthermore, considerations for deployment on future instruments, such as the one proposed as TITAN, are discussed. Overall, the development of these multi-extremes at the Second Target Station, but also beyond, will be highly advantageous for future experimentation and will give access to parameter space previously not possible for neutron scattering.
Enlarging the FOV of lensless holographic retinal projection display with two-step Fresnel diffraction
Authors: Wang Z. , Tu K. , Pang Y. , Lv G. Q. , Feng Q. B. , Wang A. T. , Ming H.
Published: August 2022

The field of view (FOV) of holographic retinal projection display (RPD) is always restricted by the diffraction angle of a spatial light modulator (SLM). In this paper, we demonstrate a large FOV holographic RPD by using two-step Fresnel diffraction calculation. By adding the pupil plane as the intermediate plane and decreasing the sampling interval, the FOV can be enlarged to nearly two times of the diffraction angle limit without any physical change. Due to the added spherical wave phase, the influence of aliasing is eliminated because the adjacent orders are projected to different viewpoints. The nonuniform image intensity caused by the sinc function modulation is compensated by image pre-processing. Optical experiments verify that the proposed method can present a uniform holographic near-eye display with a large FOV and adjustable viewpoint position.
Ubiquity of the kinetic compensation effect: A consequence of the existence of a maximum in energy dissipation
Authors: Masut Remo A.
Published: August 2022

The significance of the often observed kinetic compensation effect (KCE) remains controversial. The assumption of its validity, as well as its ubiquity, has led to speculations on its significance with no general consensus in the scientific community. Efforts to understand the KCE have usually attempted connections between microscopic events, structures, and mechanisms involved in various kinetic processes. An alternative proposition, with no relation to specific mechanisms, is presented suggesting that there is no new conceptual physics in the KCE. An analysis of internal friction (IF) in the framework of linear response to weak perturbations highlights that the concomitant energy dissipation cannot exceed a maximum or peak value which depends solely on the anelastic properties of the material. The KCE is shown to be a consequence of this simple fact. This physical principle underpinning the KCE is able to explain its ubiquity because of its general nature beyond any specific kinetic rate mechanism. Examples of IF in different systems such as polycrystalline thermoelectric composites and Al bicrystals, which show evidence of the KCE, conform to this prediction. While the observation on Al bicrystals has previously been presented and interpreted as signaling a phase transition, the analysis presented here demonstrates the simpler alternative. A similar argument is presented to derive the KCE in the thermal desorption of gases, which involves kinetic processes unrelated to the above examples. It is proposed that a KCE can, in general, be deduced for any set of closely related relaxation processes having close peak values of energy dissipation.
Velocity reconstruction in puffing pool fires with physics-informed neural networks
Authors: Sitte Michael Philip , Doan Nguyen Anh Khoa
Published: August 2022

Pool fires are canonical representations of many accidental fires which can exhibit an unstable unsteady behavior, known as puffing, which involves a strong coupling between the temperature and velocity fields. Despite their practical relevance to fire research, their experimental study can be limited due to the complexity of measuring relevant quantities in parallel. In this work, we analyze the use of a recent physics-informed machine learning approach, called hidden fluid mechanics (HFM), to reconstruct unmeasured quantities in a puffing pool fire from measured quantities. The HFM framework relies on a physics-informed neural network (PINN) for this task. A PINN is a neural network that uses both the available data, here the measured quantities, and the physical equations governing the system, here the reacting Navier–Stokes equations, to infer the full fluid dynamic state. This framework is used to infer the velocity field in a puffing pool fire from measurements of density, pressure, and temperature. In this work, the dataset used for this test was generated from numerical simulations. It is shown that the PINN is able to reconstruct the velocity field accurately and to infer most features of the velocity field. In addition, it is shown that the reconstruction accuracy is robust with respect to noisy data, and a reduction in the number of measured quantities is explored and discussed. This study opens up the possibility of using PINNs for the reconstruction of unmeasured quantities from measured ones, providing the potential groundwork for their use in experiments for fire research.
Plasmonic hot carrier-driven photoelectrochemical water splitting on antenna–reactor Pt/Ag/TiO2 Schottky nanodiodes
Authors: Kim Heeyoung , Park Hyewon , Kang Mincheol , Park Jeong Young
Published: August 2022

Plasmonic photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has excited immense interest, as it can overcome the intrinsic limitations of semiconductors, in terms of light absorption, by the localized-surface plasmon resonances effect. Here, to get insight into the role of plasmonic hot carriers in plasmonic water splitting, a rational design of an antenna–reactor type Pt/Ag/TiO2 metal–semiconductor Schottky nanodiode was fabricated and used as a photoanode. Using the designed PEC cell system combined with the Pt/Ag/TiO2 nanodiode, we show that the plasmonic hot carriers excited from Ag were utilized for the oxygen (O2) evolution reaction and, consequently, had a decisive role in the enhancement of the photocatalytic efficiency. These results were supported by finite-difference time-domain simulations, and the faradaic efficiency was measured by the amount of actual gas produced. Therefore, this study provides a deep understanding of the dynamics and mechanisms of plasmonic hot carriers in plasmonic-assisted PEC water splitting.
Ray tracing method applied in the annual evaluation of reflectors integrated to an evacuated tube solar collector
Authors: García-Lara Héctor Daniel , Delgado-Carreño Olga Rossio , Morales-Fuentes Arturo , Ramírez-Paredes Carlos , de la Rosa Urbalejo Daniel
Published: August 2022

A method to evaluate the performance of annual solar concentrators is presented. The ray-tracing technique is regularly used to assess the solar concentrator's performance; however, most of the works in this area simplify the simulation process by considering representative scenarios throughout the year, such as solar tracking studies in summer and winter solstices or monthly averages to evaluate the annual system performance. The presented method develops annual simulations using dynamic data exchange protocol to allow communication between TracePro® and MATLAB with defined time intervals, applied to assess the integration of a reflector system to evacuated tube collectors under three configurations: rear reflector plate, compound parabolic concentrator, and parabolic concentrator; the finding that the latter presents the most favorable results, increasing the incident radiation on the outside of the tubes up to 36%.
Low power optical bistability from quantum dots in a nanobeam photonic crystal cavity
Authors: Buyukkaya Mustafa Atabey , Lee Chang-Min , Mansoori Ahmad , Balakrishnan Ganesh , Waks Edo
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate a low power thermally induced optical bistability at telecom wavelengths and room temperature using a nanobeam photonic crystal cavity embedded with an ensemble of quantum dots. The nanobeam photonic crystal cavity is transfer-printed onto the edge of a carrier chip for thermal isolation of the cavity with an efficient optical coupling between the nanobeam waveguide and optical setup. Reflectivity measurements performed with a tunable laser reveal the thermo-optic nature of the nonlinearity. A bistability power threshold as low as 23 μW and an on/off response contrast of 6.02 dB are achieved from a cavity with a moderately low quality factor of 2830. Our device provides optical bistability at power levels an order of magnitude lower than previous quantum-dot-based devices.
Correlation sum scalings from mixed-mode oscillations in weakly coupled molecular lasers
Authors: Doedel Eusebius J. , Pando Lambruschini Carlos L.
Published: August 2022

A model for two symmetrically coupled lasers is investigated, in which mixed-mode oscillations arise in the absence of coupling. For small enough coupling, we show that in the time series, certain dynamical transitions from different resonances in the chaotic regime may be explained by the overlap of suitable resonances. These are families of N:N+1 resonances, which result in isolas as well as isolas consisting of intermediate-phase resonances N:N. It appears that the overlap of resonances can explain the onset of two different scaling regions in the dimension correlation sum, which display an explicit dependence on the optical coupling strength. For very small coupling ranges, there are larger scaling regions that look analogous to that for the uncoupled laser system. For larger coupling, but still well below the synchronization threshold, steeper and larger scaling regions arise, in particular, in the smaller partitions.
Unconventional magneto-transport properties of the layered antiferromagnet Fe1/3NbS2
Authors: Liu Ping , Zhu Hanpeng , Wu Qingmei , Lu Yalin , Pu Yong
Published: August 2022

Recently, magnetically intercalated layered transition metal dichalcogenide Fe1/3NbS2 has attracted considerable attention due to its promise for spintronics applications, especially for the demonstration of reversible resistance switching by electrical stimulation below the antiferromagnetic transition temperature. Magneto-transport properties and their correlation to the underlying magnetic configurations are yet to be clarified in Fe1/3NbS2. Herein, we investigate the magneto-transport behavior of antiferromagnet Fe1/3NbS2, demonstrating a complex behavior of the magnetoresistance and unconventional Hall effect. The resistance of this compound displayed metallic behavior and an abrupt decrease at TN. Of particular interest, the positive magnetoresistance is enhanced and it reaches a maximum in the vicinity of Néel temperature as a function of the out-of-plane magnetic field, which is in contrast to most of the antiferromagnets. Meanwhile, the Hall signal showed an unusual nonlinear field-dependence in the same temperature range. Moreover, the magnetoresistance exhibits a significant anisotropy, up to 14% near the Néel temperature. We attributed these unconventional magneto-transport behaviors to the field induced formation of a complex spin texture in Fe1/3NbS2. Our work motivates further efforts on antiferromagnetic spintronic devices based on this intercalated layered transition metal dichalcogenide.
Dielectric breakdown driven by flexoelectric and piezoelectric charge generation as hotspot ignition mechanism in aluminized fluoropolymer films
Authors: Shin Ju Hwan (Jay) , Messer Derek K. , Örnek Metin , Son Steven F. , Zhou Min
Published: August 2022

Using multiphysics simulations and experiments, we demonstrate that dielectric breakdown due to electric charge accumulation can lead to sufficient hotspot development leading to the initiation of chemical reactions in P(VDF-TrFE)/nAl films comprising a poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) binder and nano-aluminum particles. The electric field (E-field) development in the material is driven by the flexoelectric and piezoelectric responses of the polymer binder to mechanical loading. A two-step sequential multi-timescale and multi-physics framework for explicit microscale computational simulations of experiments is developed and used. First, the mechanically driven E-field development is analyzed using a fully coupled mechanical–electrostatic model over the microsecond timescale. Subsequently, the transient dielectric breakdown process is analyzed using a thermal–electrodynamic model over the nanosecond timescale. The temperature field resulting from the breakdown is analyzed to establish the hotspot conditions for the onset of self-sustained chemical reactions. The results demonstrate that temperatures well above the ignition temperatures can be generated. Both experiments and analyses show that flexoelectricity plays a primary role and piezoelectricity plays a secondary role. In particular, the time to ignition and the time to pre-ignition reactions of poled films (possessing both piezoelectricity and flexoelectricity) are ∼10% shorter than those of unpoled films (possessing only flexoelectricity).