bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary map of the universe (EMU): Observations of filamentary structures in the Abell S1136 galaxy cluster
Authors: Macgregor Peter J. , Norris Ray P. , O’Brien Andrew , Akhlaghi Mohammad , Anderson Craig , Collier Jordan D. , Crawford Evan J. , Duchesne Stefan W. , Filipović Miroslav D. , Koribalski Bärbel S. , Pacaud Florian , Reiprich Thomas H. , Riseley Christopher J. , Rudnick Lawrence , Vernstrom Tessa , Hopkins Andrew M. , Johnston-Hollitt Melanie , Marvil Josh , Whiting Matthew , Tingay Steven
Published: May 2024

We present radio observations of the galaxy cluster Abell S1136 at 888 MHz, using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder radio telescope, as part of the Evolutionary Map of the Universe Early Science program. We compare these findings with data from the Murchison Widefield Array, XMM-Newton, the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the Digitised Sky Survey, and the Australia Telescope Compact Array. Our analysis shows the X-ray and radio emission in Abell S1136 are closely aligned and centered on the Brightest Cluster Galaxy, while the X-ray temperature profile shows a relaxed cluster with no evidence of a cool core. We find that the diffuse radio emission in the centre of the cluster shows more structure than seen in previous low-resolution observations of this source, which appeared formerly as an amorphous radio blob, similar in appearance to a radio halo; our observations show the diffuse emission in the Abell S1136 galaxy cluster contains three narrow filamentary structures visible at 888 MHz, between

$\sim$

80 and 140 kpc in length; however, the properties of the diffuse emission do not fully match that of a radio (mini-)halo or (fossil) tailed radio source.
An introduction to linkage fabrics and their application as programmable materials
Authors: Ransley Mark , Partik Christian , Porte Elze , Ploszajski Anna , Jackson Richard , Oldfrey Ben , Purkiss Danielle , Michalska Martyna , Miodownik Mark
Published: May 2024

Linkage fabrics are gaining in popularity and finding applications in architecture, aerospace, healthcare, and fashion because they can deliver materials with bespoke flexibility and strength through the geometric design of linkage nodes. In this article, we provide a perspective on linkage fabrics as a new class of programmable materials. We describe the theory and design principles of these linkage fabrics and show how they can be designed and simulated using digital tools, and fabricated using 3D printing. This digital approach overcomes a major obstacle to the adoption of these materials, namely their complexity. We show how simulation methods can be verified and calibrated through experimental testing. This perspective article also discusses design-led research challenges for linkage fabrics such as the development of wearable assistive devices for those with physical disabilities.
Animal Politics or Animal Police? Islamophobia and Animal Advocacy Politics
Authors: Jung Mariska , Huijzer Jouke
Published: May 2024

Although there is increasing academic attention for the rise of Animal Advocacy Parties (AAPs), existing accounts overlook their emergence in the context of the politicization of race and religion. This contribution deploys Rancière’s political thought combined with a critical race theoretical lens to analyze the project of the leading AAP after which most international sister parties are modeled: the Dutch Party for the Animals. We find that the party on the one hand disrupts the anthropocentrism characteristic for the Dutch social and political order but on the other hand affirms and contributes to the policing and racialization of Muslims. This became most apparent in their proposal to ban unstunned religious slaughter. We demonstrate that this proposal was part of the party’s general inability to recognize the contemporaneous logics of race and religion. This leads us to conceptualize the party’s project as a colorblind, or in non-ableist terms, color-evasive animal politics.
Horizontal Chemistry
Authors: DiMeo Michelle , Gregory Andrew , James Frank A.J. L. , Quirke Viviane
Published: May 2024

In 1976 Raymond Williams commented, ‘Culture is one of the two or three most complicated words in the English language.’ Such implied difficulty has not prevented Bloomsbury Academic, since the 2000s, from publishing around forty series of their well-produced and generously illustrated Cultural Histories, with, according to their website, a further fifty in progress. Each series contains six volumes, each book covering, in theory, the same chronological period (antiquity, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, the age of empire and the modern age), though there is some variation depending on precise topic. The idea is that one can use these books not only to read ‘horizontally’ about a subject across time, but also ‘vertically’ through different subjects in the same period – a idea made easier by the e-texts of the series on Bloomsbury's website.
Introduction to the assessment and management of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness
Authors: Kaski Diego
Published: May 2024

Objective

Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness classifies patients with chronic dizziness, often triggered by an acute episode of vestibular dysfunction or threat to balance. Unsteadiness and spatial disorientation vary in intensity but persist for over three months, exacerbated by complex visual environments.

Method

Literature suggests diagnosis relies on a clinical history of persistent subjective dizziness and normal vestibular and neurological examination findings. Behavioural diagnostic biomarkers have been proposed, to facilitate diagnosis.

Results

Research has focused on understanding the neural mechanisms that underpin this perceptual disorder, with imaging data supporting altered connectivity between neural brain networks that process vision, motion and emotion. Behavioural research identified the perceptual and motor responses to a heightened perception of imbalance.

Conclusion

Management utilises head and body motion detection, and downregulation of visual motion excitability, reducing postural hypervigilance and anxiety. Combinations of physical and cognitive therapies, with antidepressant medications, help if the condition is associated with mood disorder.
Food insecurity and suicidal behaviours among Bangladeshi university students: a multi-institutional cross-sectional study
Authors: Roy Nitai , Aktarujjaman Md. , Siddiky Aysha , Mollick Kakali , Imran Sultan Mahmud , Mamun Mohammed A.
Published: May 2024

Objective:

Suicidal behaviours among students pose a significant public health concern, with mental health problems being well-established risk factors. However, the association between food insecurity (FIS) and suicidal behaviours remains understudied, particularly in Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between FIS and suicidal behaviours among Bangladeshi university students.

Design:

A cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling was conducted between August 2022 and September 2022. Information related to socio-demographics, mental health problems, FIS and related events and suicidal behaviours were collected. Chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regression models, both unadjusted and adjusted, were employed to examine the relationship between FIS and suicidal behaviour.

Setting:

Six public universities in Bangladesh.

Participants:

This study included 1480 students from diverse academic disciplines.

Results:

A substantial proportion of respondents experienced FIS, with 75·5 % reporting low or very low food security. Students experiencing FIS had a significantly higher prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans and attempts compared with food-secure students (18·6 % v. 2·8 %, 8·7 % v. 0·8 % and 5·4 % v. 0·3 %, respectively; all P < 0·001). In addition, students who have personal debt and participate in food assistance programmes had a higher risk of suicidal behaviours.

Conclusions:

This study highlights the association between FIS and suicidal behaviours among university students. Targeted mental health screening, evaluation and interventions within universities may be crucial for addressing the needs of high-risk students facing FIS.
‘A Herd of snivelling, grinning Hypocrites’: Religious Hypocrisy in Restoration Drama
Authors: Fletcher David
Published: May 2024

This article explores the various manifestations of religious hypocrisy to be found in new plays written in England between 1660 and 1720. It shows how the dramatists used hypocrisy both as a polemical weapon at times of religious conflict, and as an engaging form of theatricality. Exploring hypocrisy through drama is apposite as many of the key characteristics of hypocrisy – masks, role-playing, disguise and dissimulation – have been features of the theatre since ancient Greek times. The post-Restoration dramatists created worlds of masquerade for their hypocritical characters to inhabit, while the plays themselves offer examples of unselfconscious casuists, disreputable clerics, predatory monsters, and those who dissimulate religious beliefs, or have none at all.
Cavalier South vs Puritan North? Hypocrisy and Identity in the American Civil War
Authors: Manger Edward G.
Published: May 2024

During the antebellum period and American Civil War, ‘puritan’ was a contested identity, fraught with layers of meaning and interpretation. Historians have charted the ways Southern intellectuals cast the differences between North and South as an outplaying of the old conflict between Cavalier and puritan. This article highlights the ways Southern ministers claimed the puritan identity for the South and accused the North of hypocrisy, for having fallen far from the theological ideals of their puritan forebears. Furthermore, Southern ministers noted the hypocrisy of Northern puritans for having escaped religious tyranny only to impose it upon those who did not conform to their form of Christianity; they had thus fallen into the very sin which they had decried. This came from Southern ministers whose attempt to appropriate the memory of puritanism as liberty-loving revealed their own hypocrisy in fighting for the ‘liberty’ to maintain a system of racial slavery.
Bishops, Brothels and Byron: Hypocrisy and the 1844 Brothel Suppression Bill
Authors: Baylor Emily
Published: May 2024

The House of Lords debate over the 1844 Brothel Suppression Bill was derailed by an accusation of hypocrisy. An opponent of the measure, Earl Fitzhardinge, shifted attention from legal reform to the notorious brothels operating on Church of England property, and argued that the dean and chapter of Westminster Abbey should be prosecuted were the bill to become law. In addition to offering an interesting case study of clerical hypocrisy in practice, the story of the failed 1844 Bill provides useful context for better-known sexual reform projects of the late nineteenth century. This article focuses on three major themes that animated the events of 1844: the power of distraction and delay; the role of elite male perspectives; and the complicated but critical role of Christianity in sexual reform.
Dissimulation as an Editorial Strategy in the Life of William Wilberforce
Authors: Smith Mark
Published: May 2024

In 1838, Robert and Samuel Wilberforce published, in five volumes, The Life of William Wilberforce. Although the subject of some contemporary controversy, this work, containing extensive quotations from his diaries, rapidly established itself as the principal source for subsequent biographical writings about Wilberforce and strongly influenced later interpretations. The production of a complete initial transcription of the diaries by the Wilberforce Diaries Project for the first time enables a systematic comparison between the Life and its principal source. This reveals a systematic attempt by his sons to minimize references to Wilberforce's participation in some aspects of Hanoverian sociability, his use of medication to deal with his worsening health, his close associations with and respect for Nonconformists and his own evangelical commitment and spirituality. As a consequence, the Wilberforce we know from the biography is as much a product of early Victorian myth-making as the Wilberforce of 1759–1833.
Vocation, Hypocrisy and Secularization: Iris Murdoch and the Clergy of the Church of England
Authors: Webster Peter
Published: May 2024

This article examines the treatment of Anglican clergy in the novels of Iris Murdoch, setting this discussion in the context of Murdoch's own engagement with Christianity: one of sympathy without assent, yet with detailed knowledge of the secularizing theologies of the period. Clerical interventions in pastoral situations, politely tolerated in the earlier novels, are openly and robustly rejected in the later books. That pastoral care is, for Murdoch, vitiated by a desire for control, against which Murdoch set her ideal of self-emptying attention. Murdoch also dramatizes the loss of faith which forced, on some of the clergy, an inconsistency between outward speech and inner conviction. For some, the apparent hypocrisy is resolved by suicide or exile; for others, their vocation must continue as a witness to something absolute, even if they themselves can longer articulate its nature with any conviction. The Church remains necessary even if God himself is not.
Enjoying what comes naturally: The Church of England and Sexuality in the 1930s
Authors: Chapman Mark D.
Published: May 2024

This article begins by outlining the changing approach in Anglican attitudes to contraception at the Lambeth Conference of 1930, where birth control was permitted for married couples and sex separated from the possibility of procreation. The logical extension of this teaching, as was noted by Bishop Charles Gore, was that other forms of sexual pleasure, including homosexuality, which was increasingly seen as a ‘natural’ condition, might eventually be sanctioned by the church. Later in the 1930s, a series of letters by Robert Reid to Cosmo Gordon Lang, archbishop of Canterbury, shows the beginnings of a campaign for a change of policy. At the outbreak of the Second World War, the Anglican writer Kenneth Ingram published Sex-Morality Tomorrow, which pressed for full homosexual equality and provoked calls to William Temple to suppress the book. 1940 proved an inopportune moment for reform of church teaching on homosexuality, which continues to elicit widespread controversy.
Cannibal, Scorpion, Horse, Owl: Institutional Hypocrites and the Early Fourteenth-Century Church
Authors: Sabapathy John
Published: May 2024

The status of hypocrisy as a vice has varied historically, but analysis has tended to stress the issue in relation to individuals, rather than institutions. Taking Judith Shklar and Boccaccio as points of departure, this article explores how and why hypocrisy mattered in the context of the early fourteenth-century church. Analysing charges of hypocrisy made by and against Pope Boniface VIII at the papal Curia; Angelo Clareno within the Franciscan Order; and the later Capetian court in relation to the Roman de Fauvel allows us to see how anxiety about hypocrisy became especially acute across a range of early fourteenth institutions. Contemporaries questioned what their institutions meant and increasingly put their claims to the test, often in heightened apocalyptic terms. In and around the early fourteenth-century church, worry about institutional hypocrisy shows how responsibility was increasingly on trial.
Hypocrisy and Humour in the English Reformation
Authors: Shagan Ethan H.
Published: May 2024

This article examines jokes about religion, particularly religious hypocrisy, in early modern English jestbooks, from the 1520s to the 1740s. It argues that over the course of England's Long Reformation, we find more and more jokes in which the solution, or alternative, to hypocrisy is not a more robust faith, making the inward heart correspond to one's outward show of religion, but rather a more profane Christianity, making one's outward face correspond to an all-too-human and worldly heart. Jokes about religious hypocrisy thus betray both a deep anxiety about piety, and the emergence of a profane species of Protestantism.
‘God really hated the hypocrites’: Hypocrisy and Anti-clerical Rhetoric in the Early Lutheran Reformation
Authors: Methuen Charlotte
Published: May 2024

In 1524, two anonymous pamphlets were published, both professing to be letters written by a married woman to her sister, a nun. Both draw on a range of New Testament texts to express criticism of ‘the hypocrites’, a term the anonymous author uses to refer particularly to clergy and religious. This article examines how the author of these pamphlets constructed and characterized the category of the hypocrite. Drawing on the work of Hans-Christoph Rublack, the article shows that her critique is coherent with anti-clerical rhetoric found in a wide range of early Reformation pamphlets. It then compares her strictures on hypocrisy with references to hypocrisy and hypocrites in the early German writings of Martin Luther and Andreas Bodenstein von Karlstadt to explore the extent to which accusations of hypocrisy were entwined with anti-clerical and anti-monastic rhetoric in the early Lutheran Reformation. It concludes that while accusations against clergy and religious were often couched in terms of their hypocrisy, Luther's use of the term hypocrite was much broader, extending to all those whom he viewed as presenting themselves as ‘holier than thou’, while Karlstadt made less use of the term.
Reduced adsorption of dicamba spray droplets on leaves as droplet size increases
Authors: Creech Cody F. , Kruger Greg R. , Oliveira Milena , Easterly Amanda C.
Published: May 2024

Off-target movement of growth regulator herbicides can cause severe injury to susceptible plants. Apart from not spraying on windy days or at excessive boom heights, making herbicide applications using nozzles that produce large droplets is the preferred method for reducing herbicide drift. Although large droplets maintain a higher velocity and are more likely to reach the leaf surface in windy conditions, their ability to remain on the leaf surface is poorly understood. Upon impact with the leaf surface, droplets may shatter, bounce, roll off, or be retained on the leaf surface. We examined how different nozzles, pressures, and adjuvants impact spray droplet adsorption on the leaf surface of common lambsquarters and soybean. Plants were grown in a greenhouse and sprayed in a spray chamber. Three nozzles (XR, AIXR, and TTI) were evaluated at 138, 259, and 379 kPa, respectively. Dicamba (0.14 kg ae ha−1) was applied alone and with methylated seed oil (MSO), a non-ionic surfactant, silicone-based adjuvant, crop oil concentrate, or a drift reduction adjuvant. A 1,3,6,8-pyrene tetra sulfonic acid tetra sodium salt was added as a tracer. Dicamba spray droplet adsorption when using the XR nozzle, which produced the smallest spray droplets, was 1.75 times greater than when applied with the TTI nozzle with the largest spray droplets. Applying dicamba with MSO increased adsorption on leaf surfaces nearly 4 times the amount achieved without an adjuvant. The lowest application pressure (138 kPa) increased dicamba spray volume adsorbed more than 10% compared to the higher pressures of 259 and 379 kPa. By understanding the impacts of these application parameters on dicamba spray droplet adsorption, applicators can select application parameters, equipment, and adjuvants that will maximize the amount of dicamba spray volume retained on the target leaf surface while minimizing dicamba spray drift.
Contributions by USDA to weed science before 1900
Authors: Byrd John , Zaccaro-Gruener Maria L. , Wright-Smith Hannah , Randell-Singleton Taylor
Published: May 2024

All field scientists involved with weed management understand the importance of accurate weed identification and appreciate the need for widely recognized common names. USDA played a pivotal and critical role with the effort to advance our discipline while weed science was in its infancy.
Die Umsetzung des klinischen Assessments durch Pflegefachpersonen in der Schweiz
Authors: Möller Marius , Grosse Uta Christine , Waldboth Veronika
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Das klinische Assessment zählt zu den Kernkompetenzen von BScN- und MScN-Pflegefachpersonen in der Schweiz. Die Anwendung, die Einflussfaktoren der Umsetzung und das Erleben im interprofessionellen Team wurden bisher kaum untersucht. Ziel: Ziel war es, die Anwendungshäufigkeiten der klinischen Assessmentskills von BScN- und MScN-Absolvent_innen Pflege in der Schweiz zu ermitteln, förderliche und hinderliche Faktoren zu identifizieren und das Erleben der Umsetzung im interprofessionellen Team zu untersuchen. Methode: Ein explorativ deskriptives Forschungsdesign in Form einer Querschnittsstudie der Gelegenheitsstichprobe aus BScN- und MScN-Absolvent_innen wurde genutzt. 264 Fragebögen wurden quantitativ und 149 offene Antworten des Surveys qualitativ ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Nur 18,9% der 53 erlernten Assessments kommen routinemäßig zum Einsatz. Die Systeme „Respiratorisches System“, „Abdomen“ und „Haut“ sowie der „Mentale Status“ wurden am häufigsten angewandt. MScN-Absolvent_innen wenden die respiratorischen Assessments und BScN-Absolvent_innen die des Abdomens häufiger an. Zeitmangel und Unterbrechungen, mangelnder Einfluss auf die Patient_innenversorgung und fachspezifische Untersuchungsskills limitierten die Anwendung. Bessere institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen sowie Wertschätzung im interprofessionellen Team könnten zukünftig einen förderlichen Beitrag leisten. Schlussfolgerung: Diese Studie verdeutlicht, dass der Theorie-Praxis-Transfer des klinischen Assessments in der Schweiz weiter gefördert werden muss.
Merged and Gridded GPM and Atmospheric River Data Product
Authors: Mateling Marian E. , Pettersen Claire , Mattingly Kyle , Ringerud Sarah
Published: May 2024

The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission Core Observatory satellite launched in 2014 as a joint mission between National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and JAXA. Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) has, since that time, provided continuous, valuable dual‐frequency radar and passive microwave radiometer observations. Here, we introduce a gridded data set of collocated GPM Core Observatory observational products merged with a reanalysis‐derived Atmospheric river (AR) data set in the North Atlantic and North Pacific sectors. The three data sets that are merged and gridded are: (a) the NASA Goddard Profiling (GPROF) precipitation product, which uses GPM passive microwave radiometer observations to derive surface precipitation rates, (b) a water vapor data product derived from the GPM Core Observatory radiometer, provided by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS), and (c) the Mattingly et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd028714) AR data set that is specifically tuned to the high‐latitude regions. This novel merged data set spans from May 2014 to December 2022 with plans to update annually through 2026 at minimum. This gridded product combines RSS passive water vapor and precipitation estimates with coincident AR detection. This data product benefits the scientific community by providing (a) user‐friendly gridded satellite data compared to standard satellite data sets, while maintaining high temporal resolution, and (b) coincident satellite observations to assess the link between ARs and precipitation.
Euphotic Zone Residence Time of Antarctic Bottom Water
Authors: Xie Yinghuan , Spence Paul , Corney Stuart , Tamsitt Veronica , Dawson Hannah R. S. , Schmidt Christina , Bach Lennart T.
Published: May 2024

Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) transports surface nutrients deep into the ocean, sequestering them for centuries. Enhancing its biological carbon fixation could augment carbon sinks and reduce atmospheric CO2. Yet, it is uncertain if AABW receives enough light for significant photosynthesis before subducting. Using Lagrangian particle tracking in an ocean sea‐ice model, we found: (a) 70% (66%–73%, depending on euphotic zone (Zeu) criteria) nutrient rich circumpolar deep water never enters the Zeu before becoming AABW. This percentage varies from 70% to 91%, depending on the mixed layer (ML) parameterization adjustments; (b) The remaining particles in the euphotic zone have 39 (34–49, depending on Zeu criteria) days average residence time. The time is not sensitive to ML parameterization strength but turning it off doubles the time; and (c) AABW is mainly exposed to enough light on the Antarctic continental shelf during spring and summer. We conclude that the potential of biotic carbon sequestration in AABW is highly limited by light energy.
The Effect of Coupling Between CLUBB Turbulence Scheme and Surface Momentum Flux on Global Wind Simulations
Authors: Gentile Emanuele Silvio , Zhao Ming , Larson Vincent E. , Zarzycki Colin , Tan Zhihong
Published: May 2024

The higher‐order turbulence scheme, Cloud Layers Unified by Binormals (CLUBB), is known for effectively simulating the transition from cumulus to stratocumulus clouds within leading atmospheric climate models. This study investigates an underexplored aspect of CLUBB: its capacity to simulate near‐surface winds and the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL), with a particular focus on its coupling with surface momentum flux. Using the GFDL atmospheric climate model (AM4), we examine two distinct coupling strategies, distinguished by their handling of surface momentum flux during the CLUBB's stability‐driven substepping performed at each atmospheric time step. The static coupling maintains a constant surface momentum flux, while the dynamic coupling adjusts the surface momentum flux at each CLUBB substep based on the CLUBB‐computed zonal and meridional wind speed tendencies. Our 30‐year present‐day climate simulations (1980–2010) show that static coupling overestimates 10‐m wind speeds compared to both control AM4 simulations and reanalysis, particularly over the Southern Ocean (SO) and other midlatitude ocean regions. Conversely, dynamic coupling corrects the static coupling 10‐m winds biases in the midlatitude regions, resulting in CLUBB simulations achieving there an excellent agreement with AM4 simulations. Furthermore, analysis of PBL vertical profiles over the SO reveals that dynamic coupling reduces downward momentum transport, consistent with the found wind‐speed reductions. Instead, near the tropics, dynamic coupling results in minimal changes in near‐surface wind speeds and associated turbulent momentum transport structure. Notably, the wind turning angle serves as a valuable qualitative metric for assessing the impact of changes in surface momentum flux representation on global circulation patterns.
METTL7A-mediated m6A modification of corin reverses bisphosphonates-impaired osteogenic differentiation of orofacial BMSCs
Authors: Jin Yizhou , Han Xiao , Wang Yuejun , Fan Zhipeng
Published: May 2024

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of jaw (BRONJ) is characterized by impaired osteogenic differentiation of orofacial bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Corin has recently been demonstrated to act as a key regulator in bone development and orthopedic disorders. However, the role of corin in BRONJ-related BMSCs dysfunction remains unclarified. A m6A epitranscriptomic microarray study from our group shows that the CORIN gene is significantly upregulated and m6A hypermethylated during orofacial BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. Corin knockdown inhibits BMSCs osteogenic differentiation, whereas corin overexpression or soluble corin (sCorin) exerts a promotion effect. Furthermore, corin expression is negatively regulated by bisphosphonates (BPs). Corin overexpression or sCorin reverses BPs-impaired BMSCs differentiation ability. Mechanistically, we find altered expression of phos-ERK in corin knockdown/overexpression BMSCs and BMSCs under sCorin stimulation. PD98059 (a selective ERK inhibitor) blocks the corin-mediated promotion effect. With regard to the high methylation level of corin during osteogenic differentiation, we apply a non-selective m6A methylase inhibitor, Cycloleucine, which also blocks the corin-mediated promotion effect. Furthermore, we demonstrate that METTL7A modulates corin m6A modification and reverses BPs-impaired BMSCs function, indicating that METTL7A regulates corin expression and thus contributes to orofacial BMSCs differentiation ability. To conclude, our study reveals that corin reverses BPs-induced BMSCs dysfunction, and METTL7A-mediated corin m6A modification underlies corin promotion of osteogenic differentiation via the ERK pathway. We hope this brings new insights into future clinical treatments for BRONJ.
Post-natal steroid exposure in very low birthweight neonates and associations with acute kidney injury
Authors: Coleman Cassandra , King Jeffrey , Selewski David T. , Newman Jill C. , Steflik Heidi J.
Published: May 2024

Objective

The relationship between adrenal insufficiency (AI), post-natal steroids (PNS) and neonatal acute kidney injury (AKI) remains understudied. We investigated associations between PNS and AKI in very low birthweight (VLBW) neonates, hypothesizing PNS is associated with reduced AKI.

Study design

We conducted a single-center retrospective review of VLBW infants comparing those with and without PNS exposure. Associations between PNS exposure and AKI were evaluated using generalized linear mixed-modeling adjusted for confounders.

Result

Of 567 neonates, 97 (17.1%) were exposed to PNS and 130 (22.9%) experienced AKI. Infants with PNS had lower gestational age, birthweight, Apgar scores, and experienced more AI versus those without PNS (all p < 0.05). PNS was associated with AKI (aRR 1.72, 95% CI 1.09–2.72) though hydrocortisone alone was not.

Conclusion

PNS exposure, but not hydrocortisone alone, is associated with increased AKI in VLBW neonates. Further analysis is needed to investigate the role of AI and AKI.
Dissecting the polygenic contribution of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder on school performance by their relationship with educational attainment
Authors: Cabana-Domínguez Judit , Bosch Rosa , Soler Artigas María , Alemany Silvia , Llonga Natalia , Vilar-Ribó Laura , Carabí-Gassol Pau , Arribas Lorena , Macias-Chimborazo Valeria , Español-Martín Gemma , del Castillo Clara , Martínez Laura , Pagerols Mireia , Pagespetit Èlia , Prat Raquel , Puigbó Julia , Ramos-Quiroga Josep Antoni , Casas Miquel , Ribasés Marta
Published: May 2024

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are strongly associated with educational attainment (EA), but little is known about their genetic relationship with school performance and whether these links are explained, in part, by the genetic liability of EA. Here, we aim to dissect the polygenic contribution of ADHD and ASD to school performance, early manifestation of psychopathology and other psychiatric disorders and related traits by their relationship with EA. To do so, we tested the association of polygenic scores for EA, ADHD and ASD with school performance, assessed whether the contribution of the genetic liability of ADHD and ASD to school performance is influenced by the genetic liability of EA, and evaluated the role of EA in the genetic overlap between ADHD and ASD with early manifestation of psychopathology and other psychiatric disorders and related traits in a sample of 4,278 school-age children. The genetic liability for ADHD and ASD dissected by their relationship with EA show differences in their association with school performance and early manifestation of psychopathology, partly mediated by ADHD and ASD symptoms. Genetic variation with concordant effects in ASD and EA contributes to better school performance, while the genetic variation with discordant effects in ADHD or ASD and EA is associated with poor school performance and higher rates of emotional and behavioral problems. Our results strongly support the usage of the genetic load for EA to dissect the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of ADHD and ASD, which could help to fill the gap of knowledge of mechanisms underlying educational outcomes.
Biodegradability of unsaturated poly(ester-thioether)s synthesized by thiol-yne reactions
Authors: Yano Katsuhisa , Takasu Akinori , Eguchi Hiroshi
Published: May 2024

We prepared the dialkynyl monomers 1,4-butanediol dipropiolate, meso-erythritol dipropiolate, and isomannide dipropiolate (IMDP) via the reactions of 1,4-butanediol, meso-erythritol, and isomannide, respectively, with propiolic acid. The thiol-Michael polyaddition of three dialkynyl monomers with several dithiols, namely, 1,4-butanedithiol, ethylene bis(thioglycolate), 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol, D,L-dithiothreitol, and D-2,5-di-O-(2-mercaptoacetate)-1,4:3,6-dianhydromannitol (MAIM), proceeded in chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, or N,N-dimethylformamide (25 °C) using triethylamine as the catalyst to give unsaturated poly(ester-thioether)s with the expected structures (Mn, 2.4 × 103 to 22.6 × 103; molecular dispersity index [Mw/Mn], 1.26–2.00). All of the poly(ester-thioester)s had single glass-transition temperature (Tg) values between −27 and 49 °C. While the rigid main chains improved the glass transition temperature, all of the poly(ester-thioester)s showed apparent enzymatic hydrolysis by lipase but low biodegradability in biodegradation tests using activated sludge. The poly(IMDP-alt-MAIM) with the highest biobased degree (55%) showed the highest biodegradability (10%) and the highest Tg (49 °C), suggesting that dianhydrosugars are suitable as biomass for improving biodegradability as well as thermal properties.
Flicker electroretinogram in preterm infants
Authors: Taner Aylin F. , Hanson James V. M. , Weber Caroline , Bassler Dirk , McCulloch Daphne L. , Gerth-Kahlert Christina
Published: May 2024

Background

Infants born prematurely are at risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity, which is associated with abnormalities in retinal function as measured using electroretinography. The aim of this study was to record non-invasive flicker electroretinograms (ERGs) in preterm infants and compare function of moderate and very or extremely preterm infants.

Methods

In this non-randomized, cross-sectional study, 40 moderate preterm (gestational age (GA) 34 0/7 to 36 6/7 weeks, Group A) and 40 very or extremely preterm infants (GA ≤ 31 weeks, Group B) were recruited for flicker ERG recording through closed eyelids using the RETeval® device and skin electrodes. Group A was tested within the first week of life and Group B between 34th and 37th week postmenstrual age. Flicker stimuli were presented at 28.3 Hz with stimulus levels of 3, 6, 12, 30 and 50 cd•s/m2. Primary endpoints were peak time (ms) and amplitude (µV).

Results

Flicker ERGs were recordable in most infants with the highest proportion of reproducible ERGs at 30 cd•s/m2. Amplitudes increased with stronger flicker stimulation, while peak times did not differ significantly between stimulus levels nor groups. Amplitudes were significantly greater in Group B at the strongest stimulus level (Mann-Whitney-U-Test=198.00, Z = 4.097, p = <0.001).

Conclusions

Feasibility of collecting flicker ERG data in most preterm infants was confirmed. We found no evidence of reduced retinal responses to flicker stimuli associated with extreme prematurity. Higher amplitudes in very and extremely preterm infants could indicate acceleration of retinal development following birth, triggered by visual stimulation.
The relationship between SGLT2 and systemic blood pressure regulation
Authors: Ahwin Priscilla , Martinez Diana
Published: May 2024

The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is a glucose transporter that is located within the proximal tubule of the kidney’s nephrons. While it is typically associated with the kidney, it was later identified in various areas of the central nervous system, including areas modulating cardiorespiratory regulation like blood pressure. In the kidney, SGLT2 functions by reabsorbing glucose from the nephron’s tubule into the bloodstream. SGLT2 inhibitors are medications that hinder the function of SGLT2, thus preventing the absorption of glucose and allowing for its excretion through the urine. While SGLT2 inhibitors are not the first-line choice, they are given in conjunction with other pharmaceutical interventions to manage hyperglycemia in individuals with diabetes mellitus. SGLT2 inhibitors also have a surprising secondary effect of decreasing blood pressure independent of blood glucose levels. The implication of SGLT2 inhibitors in lowering blood pressure and its presence in the central nervous system brings to question the role of SGLT2 in the brain. Here, we evaluate and review the function of SGLT2, SGLT2 inhibitors, their role in blood pressure control, the future of SGLT2 inhibitors as antihypertensive agents, and the possible mechanisms of SGLT2 blood pressure control in the central nervous system.
Autophagy-deficient macrophages exacerbate cisplatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and kidney injury via miR-195a-5p-SIRT3 axis
Authors: Yuan Yujia , Yuan Longhui , Yang Jingchao , Liu Fei , Liu Shuyun , Li Lan , Liao Guangneng , Tang Xi , Cheng Jingqiu , Liu Jingping , Chen Younan , Lu Yanrong
Published: May 2024

Macrophages (Mφ) autophagy is a pivotal contributor to inflammation-related diseases. However, the mechanistic details of its direct role in acute kidney injury (AKI) were unclear. Here, we show that Mφ promote AKI progression via crosstalk with tubular epithelial cells (TECs), and autophagy of Mφ was activated and then inhibited in cisplatin-induced AKI mice. Mφ-specific depletion of ATG7 (Atg7Δmye) aggravated kidney injury in AKI mice, which was associated with tubulointerstitial inflammation. Moreover, Mφ-derived exosomes from Atg7Δmye mice impaired TEC mitochondria in vitro, which may be attributable to miR-195a-5p enrichment in exosomes and its interaction with SIRT3 in TECs. Consistently, either miR-195a-5p inhibition or SIRT3 overexpression improved mitochondrial bioenergetics and renal function in vivo. Finally, adoptive transfer of Mφ from AKI mice to Mφ-depleted mice promotes the kidney injury response to cisplatin, which is alleviated when Mφ autophagy is activated with trehalose. We conclude that exosomal miR-195a-5p mediate the communication between autophagy-deficient Mφ and TECs, leading to impaired mitochondrial biogenetic in TECs and subsequent exacerbation of kidney injury in AKI mice via miR-195a-5p-SIRT3 axis.
Compound mortality impacts from extreme temperatures and the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lo Y. T. Eunice , Mitchell Dann M. , Gasparrini Antonio
Published: May 2024

Extreme weather and coronavirus-type pandemics are both leading global health concerns. Until now, no study has quantified the compound health consequences of the co-occurrence of them. We estimate the mortality attributable to extreme heat and cold events, which dominate the UK health burden from weather hazards, in England and Wales in the period 2020-2022, during which the COVID-19 pandemic peaked in terms of mortality. We show that temperature-related mortality exceeded COVID-19 mortality by 8% in South West England. Combined, extreme temperatures and COVID-19 led to 19 (95% confidence interval: 16–22 in North West England) to 24 (95% confidence interval: 20–29 in Wales) excess deaths per 100,000 population during heatwaves, and 80 (95% confidence interval: 75–86 in Yorkshire and the Humber) to 127 (95% confidence interval: 123–132 in East of England) excess deaths per 100,000 population during cold snaps. These numbers are at least ~2 times higher than the previous decade. Society must increase preparedness for compound health crises such as extreme weather coinciding with pandemics.
Titanium catalyzed [2σ + 2π] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]-butanes with 1,3-dienes for efficient synthesis of stilbene bioisosteres
Authors: Liu Yonghong , Wu Zhixian , Shan Jing-Ran , Yan Huaipu , Hao Er-Jun , Shi Lei
Published: May 2024

Natural stilbenes have shown significant potential in the prevention and treatment of diseases due to their diverse pharmacological activities. Here we present a mild and effective Ti-catalyzed intermolecular radical-relay [2σ + 2π] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]-butanes and 1,3-dienes. This transformation enables the synthesis of bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane (BCH) scaffolds containing aryl vinyl groups with excellent regio- and trans-selectivity and broad functional group tolerance, thus offering rapid access to structurally diverse stilbene bioisosteres.
Direct observation of electron transfer in solids through X-ray crystallography
Authors: Ogata Daiji , Koide Shota , Kishi Hiroyuki , Yuasa Junpei
Published: May 2024

Nanoscale electron transfer (ET) in solids is fundamental to the design of multifunctional nanomaterials, yet its process is not fully understood. Herein, through X-ray crystallography, we directly observe solid-state ET via a crystal-to-crystal process. We first demonstrate the creation of a robust and flexible electron acceptor/acceptor (A/A) double-wall nanotube crystal ([(Zn2+)4(LA)4(LA=O)4]n) with a large window (0.90 nm × 0.92 nm) through the one-dimensional porous crystallization of heteroleptic Zn4 metallocycles ((Zn2+)4(LA)4(LA=O)4) with two different acceptor ligands (2,7-bis((1-ethyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)ethynyl)acridine (LA) and 2,7-bis((1-ethyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)ethynyl)acridin-9(10H)-one (LA=O)) in a slow-oxidation-associated crystallization procedure. We then achieve the bottom-up construction of the electron donor incorporated-A/A nanotube crystal ([(D)2⊂(Zn2+)4(LA)4(LA=O)4]n) through the subsequent absorption of electron donor guests (D = tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and ferrocene (Fc)). Finally, we remove electrons from the electron donor guests inside the nanotube crystal through facile ET in the solid state to accumulate holes inside the nanotube crystal ([(D•+)2⊂(Zn2+)4(LA)4(LA=O)4]n), where the solid-state ET process (D – e– → D•+) is thus observed directly by X-ray crystallography.
Reduction of specific enterocytes from loss of intestinal LGR4 improves lipid metabolism in mice
Authors: Liang Yuan , Luo Chao , Sun Lijun , Feng Tiange , Yin Wenzhen , Zhang Yunhua , Mulholland Michael W. , Zhang Weizhen , Yin Yue
Published: May 2024

Whether intestinal Leucine-rich repeat containing G-protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) impacts nutrition absorption and energy homeostasis remains unknown. Here, we report that deficiency of Lgr4 (Lgr4iKO) in intestinal epithelium decreased the proportion of enterocytes selective for long-chain fatty acid absorption, leading to reduction in lipid absorption and subsequent improvement in lipid and glucose metabolism. Single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrates the heterogeneity of absorptive enterocytes, with a decrease in enterocytes selective for long-chain fatty acid-absorption and an increase in enterocytes selective for carbohydrate absorption in Lgr4iKO mice. Activation of Notch signaling and concurrent inhibition of Wnt signaling are observed in the transgenes. Associated with these alterations is the substantial reduction in lipid absorption. Decrement in lipid absorption renders Lgr4iKO mice resistant to high fat diet-induced obesity relevant to wild type littermates. Our study thus suggests that targeting intestinal LGR4 is a potential strategy for the intervention of obesity and liver steatosis.
An integrated spatio-temporal view of riverine biodiversity using environmental DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Perry William Bernard , Seymour Mathew , Orsini Luisa , Jâms Ifan Bryn , Milner Nigel , Edwards François , Harvey Rachel , de Bruyn Mark , Bista Iliana , Walsh Kerry , Emmett Bridget , Blackman Rosetta , Altermatt Florian , Lawson Handley Lori , Mächler Elvira , Deiner Kristy , Bik Holly M. , Carvalho Gary , Colbourne John , Cosby Bernard Jack , Durance Isabelle , Creer Simon
Published: May 2024

Anthropogenically forced changes in global freshwater biodiversity demand more efficient monitoring approaches. Consequently, environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is enabling ecosystem-scale biodiversity assessment, yet the appropriate spatio-temporal resolution of robust biodiversity assessment remains ambiguous. Here, using intensive, spatio-temporal eDNA sampling across space (five rivers in Europe and North America, with an upper range of 20–35 km between samples), time (19 timepoints between 2017 and 2018) and environmental conditions (river flow, pH, conductivity, temperature and rainfall), we characterise the resolution at which information on diversity across the animal kingdom can be gathered from rivers using eDNA. In space, beta diversity was mainly dictated by turnover, on a scale of tens of kilometres, highlighting that diversity measures are not confounded by eDNA from upstream. Fish communities showed nested assemblages along some rivers, coinciding with habitat use. Across time, seasonal life history events, including salmon and eel migration, were detected. Finally, effects of environmental conditions were taxon-specific, reflecting habitat filtering of communities rather than effects on DNA molecules. We conclude that riverine eDNA metabarcoding can measure biodiversity at spatio-temporal scales relevant to species and community ecology, demonstrating its utility in delivering insights into river community ecology during a time of environmental change.
Nylons with Highly-Bright and Ultralong Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Ma Dian-Xue , Li Zhong-Qiu , Tang Kun , Gong Zhong-Liang , Shao Jiang-Yang , Zhong Yu-Wu
Published: May 2024

Endowing the widely-used synthetic polymer nylon with high-performance organic room-temperature phosphorescence would produce advanced materials with a great potential for applications in daily life and industry. One key to achieving this goal is to find a suitable organic luminophore that can access the triplet excited state with the aid of the nylon matrix by controlling the matrix-luminophore interaction. Herein we report highly-efficient room-temperature phosphorescence nylons by doping cyano-substituted benzimidazole derivatives into the nylon 6 matrix. These homogeneously doped materials show ultralong phosphorescence lifetimes of up to 1.5 s and high phosphorescence quantum efficiency of up to 48.3% at the same time. The synergistic effect of the homogeneous dopant distribution via hydrogen bonding interaction, the rigid environment of the matrix polymer, and the potential energy transfer between doped luminophores and nylon is important for achieving the high-performance room-temperature phosphorescence, as supported by combined experimental and theoretical results with control compounds and various polymeric matrices. One-dimensional optical fibers are prepared from these doped room-temperature phosphorescence nylons that can transport both blue fluorescent and green afterglow photonic signals across the millimeter distance without significant optical attenuation. The potential applications of these phosphorescent materials in dual information encryption and rewritable recording are illustrated.