bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MINT CONSOLIDATION AND THE WORSENING OF THE LATE SAFAVID COINAGE: THE MINT OF HUWAYZA
Authors: Matthee Rudi
Published: July 2002

The provincial town of Huwayza in Arabistan/Khuzistan, southwestern Iran, was a minting center from the early days of the Safavid period. Huwayza became an especially productive mint in the course of the seventeenth century, issuing a silver coinage, the mahmudi, that became the most widely circulating of all currencies throughout the Persian Gulf basin. A combination of extant mahmudis and written records about these coins permits an analysis that views the coinage of Huwayza through the prism of the economic problems that plagued Iran in the later Safavid period. The focus of the present article is twofold. The first part examines the place of Huwayza in the general consolidation of mints in seventeenth-century Iran and seeks to explain why Arabistan was somewhat of an exception to this trend. Part two makes an effort to substantiate the alleged deterioration of the Huwayza coinage as of the 1660s through numismatic techniques, relates this to the overall monetary situation in the country, and speculates on the causes and reasons for the demise of the Huwayza mahmudi at the turn of the eighteenth century. Huwayza, centre provincial situé en Arabistan/Khuzistan, au sud-ouest de l'Iran, possédait un atelier de monnaie dès le début de l'époque safavide. L'atelier monétaire de Huwayza atteignit son essor productif dans la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle, avec la frappe d'un monnayage d'argent, le mahmudi, qui devint la monnaie la plus repandue dans le bassin entier du golfe Persique et jusqu'aux côtes occidentales de l'Inde. L'étude des pièces de monnaie preservées et des données écrites qui leur sont consacrées, nous permet d'analyser le mahmudi de Huwayza à la lumière des difficultés économiques qui accablaient l'Iran vers la fin de l'époque safavide. Le présent article a un double objectif. La première partie s'interroge sur la place de Huwayza dans l'unification des ateliers de frappe iraniens au XVIIe siècle, et sur les raisons pour lesquelles Huwayza ne s'était pas conformé à cette tendance générale. La seconde partie tente de vérifier, par des techniques numismatiques, la détérioration prétendue de la monnaie de Huwayza à partir de 1660. Enfin, en établissant un rapport entre le mahmudi de Huwayza et les conditions monétaires générales dans le pays, nous évoquons les causes de l'arrêt de l'émission de cette monnaie au tournant du XVIIIe siècle.
DIASPORA: HOMELAND RELATIONS IN EZRA-NEHEMIAH
Authors: Bedford Peter
Published: July 2002

Ezra-Nehemiah is widely recognized as stressing the separation of Judeans repatriated from Babylonian exile from those they found living in and around Judah at their return. A related theme has received little attention, namely, the on-going relationship between the repatriates and their parent community in the Babylonian-Elamite diaspora. The present article highlights features of this relationship, noting that as a colony of the Babylonian exiles, the community of repatriates remained dependent on the diaspora for leadership and for instruction in religious culture and practice. It is suggested that in tandem with the emphasis on separatism, this view of diaspora-homeland relations reflects a concern current in the mid- to late-fourth century Judah to articulate a Judean identity that reinforced the connection of the Babylonian diaspora to the homeland. In its view of diaspora-homeland relations, Ezra-Nehemiah displays certain features in common with other late-Persian and Hellenistic biblical texts such as Esther and Daniel i-vi.
A New Medicare Agenda—Moving Beyond Value-Based Payment and the Managed Care Paradigm
Authors: Rooke-Ley Hayden , Ryan Andrew M.
Published: February 2025

This Viewpoint discusses how a new governing agenda could reorient Medicare toward patients and clinicians rather than the traditional structure of value-based payment and managed care.
Spending Changes After Moving to Areas With Greater ACO Participation Among Nonattributed Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Hou Yucheng , Domino Marisa Elena , Lewis Valerie A. , Gong Qing , Callison Kevin , Trogdon Justin G.
Published: February 2025

Importance

Accountable care organizations (ACOs) under the Medicare Shared Savings Program have long been envisioned as a pathway to improved care efficiency and quality of care for all Medicare beneficiaries. However, little is known about whether the changes in health care spending associated with ACOs have extended beyond ACO-attributed Medicare beneficiaries to all Medicare beneficiaries.

Objective

To estimate spending changes by non-ACO–attributed Medicare beneficiaries after moving to geographic areas with greater ACO participation.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This repeated cross-sectional study analyzed claims from a 20% representative sample of all Medicare beneficiaries, aged 65 to 99 years, from 2009 to 2017. The sample consisted of Medicare beneficiaries who were never attributed to an ACO and moved once across hospital service areas (HSAs) during the study period (movers) and was supplemented by a 20% random sample of beneficiaries who never moved (nonmovers). Data analysis took place from November 2022 to October 2024.

Exposure

Changes in the ACO market penetration rate triggered by nonattributed Medicare beneficiaries moving across HSAs.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Annual standardized Medicare spending per beneficiary on acute inpatient, outpatient facility, physician services, and total acute care as well as on hospital outpatient department, evaluation and management, and nonadmitted emergency department visits.

Results

The estimation sample included 62 618 movers (388 263 beneficiary-years; mean [SD] age, 75 [7] years; 134 503 [65%] female-years) and 433 298 nonmovers (2 066 404 beneficiary-years; mean [SD] age, 76 [8] years; 1 273 154 [62%] female-years). In the base model, moving into a market with a 1-SD higher ACO penetration was associated with a 5.8% (95% CI, 4.1%-7.4%) decrease in spending on outpatient facilities and with a 1.6% (95% CI, 0.9% to 2.2%) increase in spending on physician services. Limited changes in total spending on acute inpatient and total acute care were found. These estimated changes were robust to controlling for a rich set of patient- and market-level characteristics and origin-destination HSA combinations.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study provided novel evidence of market-level ACO spillovers to non-ACO–attributed Medicare beneficiaries. Although no substantial ACO spillovers in total acute care spending occurred, the substitution in spending on outpatient facility and physician services suggested that outpatient care may shift away from higher-cost facility settings for all Medicare beneficiaries in markets with greater ACO penetration.
Can Knowledge From Treating Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Inform Therapy of EGFR-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma?
Authors: Gale Robert Peter
Published: February 2025

This Viewpoint discusses how therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia can inform therapy of lung cancer.
EORTC Quality-of-Life Questionnaire Responsiveness in Surgical Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Wu Michael P. , Seshadri Samir C. , Whittaker Sarah , McCleary Nadine , Uppaluri Ravindra , Rettig Eleni , Annino Donald , Goguen Laura , Sethi Rosh K. V.
Published: February 2025

This cohort study evaluates the responsiveness of a quality-of-life questionnaire among patients with head and neck cancer before and after surgery, stratified by oral cavity resection or neck dissection.
Low‐Power and Multimodal Organic Photoelectric Synaptic Transistors Modulated by Photoisomerization for UV Damage Perception and Artificial Visual Recognition
Authors: Wu Jingpeng , Wang Xin , Tang Xian , Liang Zechen , Hu Bin , Ran Yixin , Bu Laju , Lu Guanghao
Published: February 2025

Low‐power and efficiently parallel neuromorphic computing is expected to break the bottleneck of the von Neumann architecture. Due to the direct responses to optical signals, photonic synaptic devices can work as core components of artificial visual systems, accelerating the development of neural computing. Furthermore, the community is looking for effective coupling of photonic and electronic synaptic behaviors within an individual organic device to achieve further functional integration. Photoisomeric molecules with photo‐regulatable properties are expected to facilitate this process. Herein, organic photoelectric synaptic transistors (OPSTs) are constructed by introducing poly(2‐(3′,3′‐dimethyl‐6‐nitrospiro[chromene‐2,2′‐indolin]‐1′‐yl) ethyl methacrylate) (PSPMA) with photoisomeric groups, which effectively improves the photo‐synaptic response. Due to the polarization induction and light‐assisted charge trapping of PSPMA, the OPSTs simulate typical photo‐synaptic behaviors and achieve significant conductance modulation at low voltage with the assistance of UV light. The power consumption is as low as 84 aJ per event. Moreover, the OPSTs mimic UV nociceptors, recognize handwritten digits with 93.33% accuracy, and decode encrypted optical information, demonstrating the potential of applications in UV damage perception and artificial visual recognition. These findings will expand the application of photoisomeric molecules in photonic synaptic devices, and open up new possibilities for hardware architectures with coupling photonic and electronic synapses.
Polyamine‐Depleting Hydrogen‐Bond Organic Frameworks Unleash Dendritic Cell and T Cell Vigor for Targeted CRISPR/Cas‐Assisted Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Pan Yongchun , Zeng Fei , Luan Xiaowei , He Guanzhong , Qin Shurong , Lu Qianglan , He Bangshun , Han Xin , Song Yujun
Published: February 2025

Polyamines have tantalized cancer researchers as a potential means to rein in the rampant growth of cancer cells. However, clinical trials in recent decades have disappointed in delivering notable progress. Herein, a microfluidic‐assisted synthetic hydrogen‐bond organic framework (HOF) as a polyamine‐depleting nanoplatforms designed to unleash the vigor of both dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells for precision cancer immunotherapy is reported. Upon internalization by tumor cells, the loaded plasma amine oxidase (PAO) in HOF efficiently depletes polyamines, remolding the tumor microenvironment and alleviating T‐cell immunosuppression. This process also generates acrolein and H2O2, triggering CRISPR‐assisted neoantigen generation. Specifically, Acrolein induces carbonyl stress, increasing mutational burdens. Simultaneously, HOF leverages the energy from the bis[2,4,5‐trichloro‐6‐(pentyloxycarbonyl)phenyl] oxalate (CPPO)‐H2O2 reaction for CRET‐triggered singlet oxygen production, leading to thioether bond cleavage and release CRISPR‐Cas9. Once released, CRISPR‐Cas9 knocks out the DNA mismatch repair (MMR)‐related MLH1 gene, further elevating mutational burdens and generating neoantigens, ideal targets for DCs. This dual‐action strategy not only corrects T‐cell immunosuppression but also enhances DC efficacy, presenting a powerful approach for tumor immunotherapy.
Tribology in Nature: Inspirations for Advanced Lubrication Materials
Authors: Qin Chenxi , Yang Hao , Lu Yaqiong , Li Bin , Ma Shuanhong , Ma Yanfei , Zhou Feng
Published: February 2025

Friction‐induced energy consumption is a significant global concern, driving researchers to explore advanced lubrication materials. In nature, lubrication is vital for the life cycle of animals, plants, and humans, playing key roles in movement, predation, and decomposition. After billions of years of evolution, natural lubrication exhibits remarkable professionalism, high efficiency, durability, and intelligence, offering valuable insights for designing advanced lubrication materials. This review focuses on the lubrication mechanisms of natural organisms and significant advancements in biomimetic soft matter lubrication materials. It begins by summarizing common biological lubrication behaviors and their underlying mechanisms, followed by current design strategies for biomimetic soft matter lubrication materials. The review then outlines the development and performance of these materials based on different mechanisms and strategies. Finally, it discusses potential research directions and prospects for soft matter lubrication materials. This review will be a valuable resource for advancing research in biomimetic lubrication materials.
Molybdate‐Modified NiOOH for Efficient Methanol‐Assisted Seawater Electrolysis
Authors: Li Zhen , Zheng Youbin , Zu Wenhan , Dong Liang , Lee Lawrence Yoon Suk
Published: February 2025

Seawater electrolysis holds great promise for sustainable, green hydrogen production but faces challenges of high overpotentials and competing chlorine evolution reaction (CER). Replacing the oxygen evolution reaction with the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) presents a compelling alternative due to its lower anodic potential which mitigates the risk of CER. While NiOOH is known for its MOR activity, its performance is limited by sluggish non‐electrochemical kinetics and Cl‐induced degradation. Herein, a MoO42−‐modified NiOOH electrocatalyst is reported that significantly enhances MOR‐assisted seawater splitting efficiency. In situ leached MoO42− from the heterojunction optimizes methanol adsorption and facilitates proton migration, thereby accelerating the non‐electrochemical steps in MOR. Additionally, the adsorbed MoO42− effectively repels Cl−, protecting the electrodes from Cl−‐induced corrosion. The MOR‐assisted electrolyzer using NiMo||Ni(OH)2/NiMoO₄ requires only 1.312 V to achieve 10 mA cm−2, substantially lower than conventional alkaline seawater electrolysis (1.576 V). Furthermore, it demonstrates remarkable stability, sustaining high current densities (up to 1.0 A cm−2) for over 130 h. This work presents a promising strategy for designing high‐performance electrocatalysts for efficient and sustainable green hydrogen production from seawater.
Dipeptidic Phosphonates: Potent Inhibitors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Elastase B Showing Efficacy in a Murine Keratitis Model
Authors: Kiefer Alexander F. , Schütz Christian , Englisch Colya N. , Kolling Dominik , Speicher Samira , Kany Andreas M. , Shafiei Roya , Wadood Noran A. , Aljohmani Ahmad , Wirschem Niklas , Jumde Ravindra P. , Klein Andreas , Sikandar Asfandyar , Park Yu‐Mi , Krasteva‐Christ Gabriela , Yildiz Daniela , Abdelsamie Ahmed S. , Rox Katharina , Köhnke Jesko , Müller Rolf , Bischoff Markus , Haupenthal Jörg , Hirsch Anna K. H.
Published: February 2025

The ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is responsible for severe infections and notoriously known for acquiring antimicrobial resistance. Inhibiting the bacterium's extracellular elastase, LasB – a zinc‐dependent protease – presents a promising strategy to mitigate its virulence. Within this medicinal chemistry–driven hit‐to‐lead optimization campaign, a new series of highly potent dipeptidic phosphonates is designed and synthesized following a structure–based drug‐discovery approach. In vitro and in vivo evaluation reveal beneficial pharmacokinetic profiles, excellent selectivity over human off‐targets and good tolerability in murine toxicity studies. Ultimately, the scaffold presented herein demonstrates promising in vivo efficacy in a murine Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis model in combination with the antibiotic meropenem.
Siloxane Decorated Water‐Obstructing Guest for Efficient Air‐Processed OSCs
Authors: He Yurong , Miao Wentao , Hu Tianyu , Su Junchi , Saparbaev Aziz , Wan Ming , Wu Jingnan , Li Yuda , Xiang Huimin , Wang Ergang , Wang Xunchang , Yang Renqiang
Published: February 2025

The future applications of organic solar cells (OSCs) necessitate a thorough consideration of their ambient stability and processability, particularly for large area air‐processed engineering, but water‐induced degradation of active layer critically restricts its development. To surmount this hurdle, a water‐obstructing guest (WOG) strategy is proposed to attenuate the interaction of the active layer with water molecules, reduce defects in blend films, and enhance the devices stability under high relative humidity (RH) conditions by introducing a siloxane‐containing polymer D18‐SiO. In addition to suppressing trap density, the WOG with hydrophobic and low surface free energy characteristics, forms a capping layer that blocks moisture penetration while preserving ideal nano‐micromorphology with high crystallinity and tight packing properties. Power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of >19% is reported for spin coating OSCs fabricated across an RH range of 20 to 90%, and PCE of >17% blade coating OSCs at 90% RH. The D18‐SiO, serves as a protective barrier to enhance the device stability, and the corresponding unencapsulated OSCs retained 80.7% of its initial performance in air (≈ 40% RH) after 600‐h maximum power point tracking under continuous light illumination, showcasing great potential in designing WOG strategy for large‐scale production of air‐processed OSCs.
Integrative Multi‐Omics Approaches Reveal Selectivity Profiles and Molecular Mechanisms of FIIN‐2, a Covalent FGFR Inhibitor
Authors: Fu Ying , Zhu Dandan , Chen Xiaojuan , Qu Lingzhi , Guo Ming , Zhang Shuhong , Xu Guangyu , Chen Zhuchu , Li Maoyu , Chen Yongheng
Published: February 2025

Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors are emerged as an important class of targeted therapies in oncology, targeting key pathways associated with tumor growth, angiogenesis, and resistance to conventional treatments. FIIN‐2, the first irreversible covalent pan‐FGFR inhibitor, has shown promise in overcoming resistance due to gatekeeper mutations; however, its selectivity and molecular mechanisms in tumors remain poorly understood. In this study, an FIIN‐2 chemical probe is designed and synthesized to identify both established and novel targets in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via chemoproteomic profiling. An integrative multi‐omics approach, including chemoproteomic, phosphoproteomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses, is utilized to elucidate the full spectrum of target proteins, signaling pathways, and downstream effectors regulated by FIIN‐2 in HCC. Notably, adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase α1 (AMPKα1) is identified as a novel target of FIIN‐2, with Cys185 identified as its covalent binding site. These findings reveal that FIIN‐2 can induce autophagy by directly binding to and activating AMPKα1, influencing its anti‐tumor activity in HCC cells. Overall, this study greatly advances the understanding of FIIN‐2′s on‐ and off‐target effects, offering a comprehensive view of its molecular mechanisms in cancer cells. The integrative multi‐omics approach provides a valuable framework for the development and optimization of covalent kinase inhibitors.
Effect of Crystal Symmetry of Lead Halide Perovskites on the Optical Orientation of Excitons
Authors: Kopteva Nataliia E. , Yakovlev Dmitri R. , Yalcin Eyüp , Kalitukha Ina V. , Akimov Ilya A. , Nestoklon Mikhail O. , Turedi Bekir , Hordiichuk Oleh , Dirin Dmitry N. , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Bayer Manfred
Published: February 2025

The great variety of lead halide perovskite semiconductors represents an outstanding platform for studying crystal symmetry effects on the spin‐dependent properties. Access to them is granted through the optical orientation of exciton and carrier spins by circularly polarized photons. Here, the exciton spin polarization is investigated at 1.6 K cryogenic temperature in four lead halide perovskite crystals with different symmetries: (almost) cubic in FA0.9Cs0.1PbI2.8Br0.2 and FAPbBr3, and orthorhombic in MAPbI3 and CsPbBr3. Giant optical orientation of 85% is found for the excitons in FA0.9Cs0.1PbI2.8Br0.2, MAPbI3, and CsPbBr3, while it amounts to 20% in FAPbBr3. For all studied crystals, the optical orientation is robust to detuning of the laser photon energy from the exciton resonance, remaining constant for high energy detunings up to 0.3 eV, above which it continuously decreases to zero for detunings exceeding 1 eV. No acceleration of the spin relaxation for excitons with large kinetic energy is found in the cubic and orthorhombic crystals. This evidences the absence of the Dyakonov‐Perel spin relaxation mechanism, which is based on the Rashba‐Dresselhaus splitting of spin states at finite k‐vectors. This indicates that the spatial inversion symmetry is maintained in perovskite crystals, independent of the cubic or orthorhombic phase.
Civic engagement among adolescents: Spanish adaptation and validation of the civic engagement scale
Authors: Ayllón‐Salas Patricia , Arco‐Tirado José L. , Fernández‐Martín Francisco D.
Published: February 2025

The aim of this research was to adapt and validate the Civic Engagement Scale (CES) developed by Doolittle & Faul for the Spanish adolescent population while providing empirical support for its psychometric properties. After administering the instruments to 965 adolescents from high schools, confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to explore the structure, and reliability was assessed through two approaches: internal consistency and composite reliability. The study confirmed a first‐order factor structure with two correlated factors, and the proposed model exhibited satisfactory internal consistency indices. External evidence supporting the validity of the instrument was also established. This research underscores that the Spanish version of the CES is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating civic attitudes and behavior among Spanish adolescents.
Gate‐Tunable Circular Photogalvanic Effects in Two‐dimensional Perovskite Ferroelectric‐based Transistor toward Multi‐state Memory
Authors: Guo Wuqian , Xu Haojie , Sun Fapeng , Liu Yi , Ma Yu , Liu Wei , Zhao Yue , Sun Zhihua , Luo Junhua
Published: February 2025

Spintronics has long been an exciting branch of condensed matter science, among which the spin splitting of energy bands in an inversion asymmetric material endows the circular photogalvanic effects (CPGE) toward high‐performance spin‐based optoelectronic devices. Here, we have successfully achieved gate‐tunable CPGE in a biaxial perovskite ferroelectric (n‐heptanamine)2CsPb2Br7 (1), involving the broken symmetry from its spontaneous polarization. Strikingly, under left‐ and right‐circularly polarized light, this CPGE acquires a large anisotropy factor for photocurrents up to ~1.04, far beyond most organic semiconductors and chiral counterparts (< 0.2). It is the large splitting coefficient along the ky direction (~1.476 eV Å) that contributes to the significant realization of CPGE in 1. Notably, this spin‐based CPGE of 1 has been modulated via the gate‐voltage manipulation in its transistor‐type devices, leading to multi‐state memory behaviors. That is, six distinct conductance states are obtained under circularly polarized light, containing the original, high/low‐state responses L(‐1,0,1) to the left circularly polarized light, as well as three right components R(‐1,0,1). This study establishes a pathway for further exploration toward multi‐state memory in the field of ferroelectric integrated devices.
Can Electroactive Tracer Molecules Reveal Viscoelastic Structure by Measuring Non‐Fickian Diffusion?
Authors: Wu Lei , Ramirez Alfonso , Vo Ivy D , Haglund Ellinor , Alvarez Julio Cesar
Published: February 2025

We find that viscous and viscoelastic fluids are distinguishable by gauging Non‐Fickian diffusion of dissolved electroactive molecules. Typically, such fluids are differentiated by measuring the mean‐squared‐displacement <Δr2> of embedded tracer particles (~1 μm) diffusing over time (t). From the relationship <Δr2>=6Dtα (D=particle diffusivity), log plots of <Δr2>vs.tα reveal regimes encoded in the slope α. For Fickian diffusion α=1, whereas α<1 and α>1, indicate Non‐Fickian sub‐ and super‐diffusion, respectively. Here, we electrolyzed redox reporters as molecular tracers in selected fluids. The current (I) relationship I[[EQUATION]]v1/2 (v = scan‐rate) was recast as I2vs.1/tα to introduce α as Non‐Fickian quantifier in log plots. When viscosity increased at high concentration of small‐molecules, D for the redox reporter declined but α remained constant at ~1 (Fickian). In contrast, both D and α(<1) decreased in viscoelastic hydrogels confirming a molecular sub‐diffusive regime. These results agree with particle microrheology on the same fluid types using optical methods that are inapplicable to molecules. By quantifying Non‐Fickian diffusion of electroactive molecular tracers, our method can uncover diffusion‐structure relationships to identify regulators in neurodegenerative liquid‐solid transitions of protein aggregates. Unlike tracer particles, the diffusivity of tracer molecules is controlled by the applied potential and electrode size.
Self‐Driven CuAAC Reaction Catalyzed by Photosensitive Biohybrids Energized by Lactate for Boosting CancerImmunotherapy
Authors: Zhao Huisi , Zhang Yu , Sun Yue , Zhu Zitong , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: February 2025

As a typical bioorthogonal reaction, the copper (I) catalyzed azide‐alkyne 1,3‐cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction strongly depends on the reducing agents and the rate of the CuAAC reaction is far from sufficient to produce drug agents under physiological conditions. It is necessary and highly demanding to develop an efficient CuAAC reaction without using chemical reducing agents. Herein, inspired by the extracellular electron transfer (EET) mechanisms of the electroactive bacteria within the realm of synthetic biology, a photo‐assisted targeting electroactive bacteria equipped bioorthogonal catalyst system for boosting cancer immunotherapy is constructed. The bacteria specifically anaerobically catabolize lactate at the tumor site, accompanied by transferring electrons to the bioorthogonal catalyst, thereby triggering the CuAAC reaction to produce active drugs in situ. Strikingly, under illumination, the photoelectrons generated by attached AuNPs can be transported into bacterial cytoplasm to accelerate the CuAAC reaction by promoting cellular metabolism. The biohybrid enables synergistic immunogenic cell death (ICD), immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy and alleviation of immunosuppressive microenvironment. Ingeniously, ICD and lactate consumption both boost the efficacy of ICB immunotherapy. Overall, the system provides a bridge between the tumor metabolism and CuAAC reaction through bacterial respiration, offering fascinating opportunities for controlled synthesis of active molecules by bioorthogonal catalysis.
An Ultra‐Stable 2D Linear Polymer Cathode for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Organic Batteries
Authors: Zhao Linwei , Jia Yunqi , Wu Yiwen , Gu Tengteng , Zhou Xuanyi , Wang Xiaodong , Zhong Leheng , Zhan Shuai , Lv Haiming , Zhi Chunyi , Liu Jun
Published: February 2025

Two‐dimensional structure of cathode materials possesses fast kinetics in aqueous zinc ion batteries. However, in organic linear polymers it is rare to form two‐dimensional structures due to the bond rotations of the polymerization reaction. In this work, inspired by the process of forming carbon fibers from polyacrylonitrile, a novel two‐dimensional linear polymer (2DLP) of poly(2H,11H‐bis[l,4]triazino[3,2‐b:3',2'‐m]triphenodithiazine‐3,12‐diyl‐2,11‐diyli‐dene‐11,12‐bis[methyldene]) (PTL) cathode materials were prepared for aqueous zinc‐ion battery cathode materials by designing ladder structure polymer molecules with highly restricted bond rotations. PTL possess fast cations diffusion (4.27×10‐7 cm‐1 s‐1) due to its layered structure. Moreover, the PTL electrodes exhibit an ultra‐long cycle stability (7000 cycles still remain 87% capacity remains). Meanwhile, as PTL mass loading increase from 3.13 to 6.27 mg cm‐2, the specific capacity kept 98% retention after 100 cycles. Besides, the assembled Zn/PTL flexible pack battery exhibits a 6.6 mAh capacity at 0.5 A g‐1. Furthermore, though a range of ex site analysis, it was supported that the charge storage mechanism of PTL is driven by the imine moiety, and accompanies by the insertion and extraction of Zn2+/H+ ions. This work attempts to provide a new sight of improve the poor ion diffusion coefficient of organic materials.
Luminescent Alkylaluminium Anthranilates Reaching Unity Quantum Yield in the Condensed Phase
Authors: Szejko Vadim , Justyniak Iwona , Jędrzejewska Maria , Jędrzejczyk Grzegorz , Precht Thea-Luise , Kubas Adam , Wheatley Andrew E. H. , Lewiński Janusz
Published: February 2025

Transition, post‐transition and rare earth metal complexes supported by (O,N)‐ and (N,N)‐type ligands dominate organometallic photochemistry. However, despite a vast number of aminobenzoate metal complexes having been reported, and aluminium being globally abundant, alkylaluminium anthranilates have not yet been considered as effective luminophores. Herein, using a family of commercially available ligands composed of anthranilic acid (anth‐H2) and its N‐substituted derivatives, we report the isolation and characterisation of a series of unique tetrameric chiral‐at‐metal alkylaluminium anthranilates, [(R´‐anth)AlR]4. The resulting compounds are characterised using spectroscopic methods and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction to analyse structure‐determining factors in the solid state and solution. Moreover, by changing the N‐substituents from H to Me and Ph, we have yielded a series of luminophores that exhibit poor‐to‐excellent performance, providing a [(Ph‐anth)AlEt]4 derivative that achieves a unity photoluminescence quantum yield in the condensed phase, which is unprecedented for aluminium complexes.
Effect of Curcumin Cross‐Linked Epoxy Soybean Oil on Mechanical Properties and UV Resistance of Polylactic Acid
Authors: Zou Zixuan , Wei Xuejing , Yao Jiayi , Sun Li , Wang Hua , Chen Shaohua , Wang Luoxin
Published: February 2025

In order to improve the mechanical properties and UV resistance of polylactic acid (PLA) composites, a bio‐based additive (ESO‐CUR) was synthesized by one‐pot method. A new environment‐friendly toughening agent was synthesized by using epoxy soybean oil (ESO) as the core material and curcumin (CUR) as the curing agent. PLA composite material with toughening and UV resistance was prepared by melt blending process. Among them, the elongation at break of 6%ESO‐CUR/PLA reached 20.26% in the tensile test, which was 11.8 times higher than that of pure PLA. In addition, 6%ESO‐CUR/PLA has excellent UV resistance, and the UV protection factor (UPF) is increased from 3.1 to 15,485 of pure PLA. The results show that the new environmental protection toughening agent has a significant synergistic effect on improving the mechanical properties and UV protection properties of PLA. In order to reduce the white pollution caused by traditional plastics, it provides a new way to prepare biodegradable materials with excellent properties.
Spatial structure of local winds “Rokko‐oroshi”: A case study using Doppler lidar observation and WRF simulation
Authors: Abe Hirotaka , Kusaka Hiroyuki , Azegami Yasuhiko , Tanaka Hideyuki
Published: February 2025

Rokko‐oroshi is a northerly local wind blowing in the mega‐city Kobe, Japan. This wind blows from the Rokko Mountains. This study analyzed the three‐dimensional structure of Rokko‐oroshi observed with a near‐surface anemometer and Doppler lidar on January 16, 2023. Furthermore, numerical simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model revealed the factors responsible for the strong winds. The results showed that Rokko‐oroshi on January 16, 2023 was a bora‐type downslope windstorm. The Doppler lidar observed the strong winds of Rokko‐oroshi and a stagnant layer immediately above them. Numerical simulation results indicated the stagnant layer was formed by mountain‐wave breaking. Under this stagnant layer, the airflow transitioned from subcritical to supercritical, resulting in the strong winds of Rokko‐oroshi. This Rokko‐oroshi was accompanied by a hydraulic jump. The occurrence of the Rokko‐oroshi was supported by an upper‐level critical layer and a lower‐level strong stable layer on the windward side of the Rokko Mountains.
Focal therapy in prostate cancer: Development, application and outcomes in the United Kingdom
Authors: Rokan Nadia , Reddy Deepika
Published: February 2025

Prostate cancer is a significant health issue in the United Kingdom, with rising incidence rates prompting the exploration of innovative treatment options. Focal therapy has emerged as a targeted approach that aims to treat localised prostate cancer while minimising damage to surrounding healthy tissue and subsequent adverse side effects. Focal therapy is National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)‐approved treatment modality for patients with intermediate‐risk localised prostate cancer. This is an evolving field, reflecting the rapidly improved understanding of both the trajectory patients face following a diagnosis of prostate cancer, and how best to apply ablative techniques.

In this narrative review, we evaluate the historical development, current practices, clinical outcome reported in UK‐based studies, and future directions of focal therapy for prostate cancer in the United Kingdom, highlighting its evolution as a viable treatment option.
A cross‐cultural examination of elementary students' perceptions of academic feedback
Authors: Troy Alexandra , Christianti Devina , Weisen Shelby , Hunter Iain , Van Boekel Martin
Published: February 2025

With a growing emphasis on students playing an active role in the feedback process, understanding how students perceive academic feedback is essential to support the implementation of relevant strategies that can drive better engagement. The current study explored elementary school students' perceptions of feedback in two different contexts/cultures: the United Kingdom and Indonesia. Results suggest that younger students in the United Kingdom and older students in Indonesia hold similar understandings of the purpose of feedback (task‐based), with older students in the United Kingdom showing higher awareness of the importance of process‐based feedback. However, when it comes to the desired type of feedback, UK students preferred more self/praise‐based feedback, while Indonesian students preferred task‐based feedback. Potential reasons for these differences are discussed.
Bi4Ti3O12 Crystallized in 40Bi2O3‐40B2O3‐20TiO2 Glass Matrix for Photo‐Piezocatalytic Dye Degradation
Authors: Moharana Ashis Kumar , Gaur Akshay , Vaish Rahul
Published: February 2025

The coupling of photocatalysis and piezocatalysis has gained significant interest among researchers. In this study, we present the photo‐piezocatalytic activity exhibited by bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12) glass‐ceramics (BTO‐GC). BTO‐GC samples were prepared in a glass system of 40Bi2O3‐40B2O3‐20TiO2 (in mol %) by using the melt‐quench technique. The catalyst was characterized by the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) technique and Raman spectroscopy for its structure and phase analysis. Surface morphology and chemical composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The catalytic performance of BTO‐GC was evaluated in photocatalysis, piezocatalysis, and photo‐piezocatalysis processes. Methylene blue (MB) dye degradation was evaluated by using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. A maximum degradation performance of ~86% was achieved in the solar light photocatalysis process. This study highlights the synergistic photo‐piezocatalytic performance in glass‐ceramics and advances the understanding of its underlying mechanism.
Effects of Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Cerebellar Brain Inhibition as a Function of TMS Coil Orientation
Authors: Steiner Katharina M. , Nicksirat Seyed Ali , Thieme Andreas , Müntefering Lara , Ernst Thomas M. , Timmann Dagmar , Batsikadze Giorgi
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI) is a way to quantify the cerebellar influence on the motor cortex in humans. Studies suggest that the orientation of the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coil influences which motor networks are activated.

This study investigated the influence of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) on CBI as a function of coil orientation (anterior–posterior [AP] vs. posterior–anterior [PA]). An interstimulus interval (ISI) of 7 ms (CBI‐AP‐7) was used for AP orientation and 5 ms (CBI‐PA‐5) for PA orientation.

Methods

Young and healthy participants received anodal, cathodal, or sham ctDCS treatment for 15 min on three different days. On each day, CBI was determined for both coil positions immediately after and 30, 60, and 120 min after ctDCS application.

Results

For CBI‐PA‐5, no significant ctDCS effect was detected. For CBI‐AP‐7, there was an increase in CBI by anodal ctDCS and a decrease in CBI by cathodal ctDCS, although the latter did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion

Findings provide further support that different cerebello–cerebral motor networks may be activated in CBI‐AP‐7 and CBI‐PA‐5, with only CBI‐AP‐7 being significantly affected by ctDCS. CBI‐AP‐7 may be a more sensitive tool for investigating CBI effects than the CBI‐PA‐5 procedure, which is most commonly used.
Lithium Borate/Boric Acid Optimized Multifunctional Binder Facilitates Silicon Anodes With Enhanced Initial Coulombic Efficiency, Structural Strength, and Cycling Stability
Authors: Wang Xiang , Li Tingting , Liang Naiwen , Liu Xiaofan , Zhang Fan , Li Yangfan , Yang Yating , Yang Yujie , Ma Wenqing , Wang Zhongchang , Yin Jiang , Yang Yahui , Yang Lishan
Published: February 2025

Silicon‐based anodes are among the most appealing possibilities for high‐capacity anode materials, considering that they possess a high theoretical capacity. However, the significant volumetric changes during cycling lead to rapid capacity degradation, hindering their commercial application in high‐energy density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). This research introduces a novel organic‐inorganic cross‐linked binder system: sodium alginate‐lithium borate‐boric acid (Alg‐LBO‐BA). This three‐dimensional network structure effectively buffers the volumetric changes of Si particles, maintaining overall electrode stability. LBO serves as prelithiation agent, compensating for irreversible lithium consumption during SEI formation, and the Si−O−B structure offers a plethora of Lewis acid sites, enhancing lithium‐ion transport and interfacial stability. At a current activation of 0.2 A g−1, the optimized silicon anode shows an initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 91%. After 200 cycles at 1 A g−1, it retains a reversible capacity of 1631.8 mAh g−1 and achieves 1768.0 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 5 A g−1. This study presents a novel approach to designing organic‐inorganic binders for silicon anodes, significantly advancing the development of high‐performance silicon anodes.
Clinical Effectiveness of Tislelizumab With Gemcitabine/Cisplatin Versus Gemcitabine/Cisplatin Alone as Adjuvant Therapy for High‐Risk Muscle‐Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma: A Real‐World Study
Authors: Wang Yanjun , Zhong Kaihua , Tan Xingliang , Zhou Qianghua , Jiang Lijuan , Yao Kai , Wu Zhiming
Published: February 2025

Background

Muscle‐invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) is a highly aggressive cancer associated with poor prognosis. Despite advancements in treatment, the optimal therapeutic approach remains unclear. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, when added to chemotherapy, have shown promise in improving patient outcomes.

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjuvant tislelizumab combined with gemcitabine/cisplatin (Tisle+GC) compared to GC alone in patients with high‐risk MIUC.

Materials & Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 117 patients with histologically confirmed pT3/4 and pN+ MIUC treated at our center between October 2016 and March 2023. Eligible patients received either Tisle+GC or GC alone, excluding those with prior neoadjuvant therapy. We compared disease‐free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and treatment‐related adverse events (AEs) between the two groups using Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan–Meier estimates.

Results

The Tisle+GC group showed significantly longer median DFS (19.08 vs. 9.06 months, HR = 0.114, p < 0.001) and OS (20.07 vs. 10.63 months, HR = 0.083, p = 0.026) compared to the GC group. Nerve tract invasion was identified as a significant predictor of poor outcomes (HR = 22.1, p = 0.003). Both groups experienced manageable grade 1–2 immune‐related AEs, with pruritus being the most common, followed by liver function abnormalities and thyroid disturbances. Nonhematologic toxicities in the Tisle+GC group included elevated aspartate aminotransferase and hyponatremia, while the GC group mainly reported vomiting. No treatment‐related fatalities occurred.

Discussion

The addition of tislelizumab to GC chemotherapy significantly improved both DFS and OS in high‐risk MIUC patients. The safety profile was manageable, with immune‐related AEs being predictable and not life‐threatening. The findings support the potential of Tisle+GC as an effective adjuvant therapy.

Conclusion

Tisle+GC is a promising adjuvant treatment for high‐risk MIUC, offering improved survival outcomes with a manageable safety profile. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these results and establish the long‐term benefits of this combination therapy.
Wireframe DNA Origami Capable of Vertex‐protruding Transformation
Authors: Ochi Yosuke , Kato Wataru , Tsutsui Yoichi , Gomibuchi Yuki , Tominaga Daichi , Sakai Keisuke , Araki Takeshi , Yoshitake Suzunosuke , Yasunaga Takuo , Morimoto Yusuke V , Maeda Kazuhiro , Taira Junichi , Sato Yusuke
Published: February 2025

Regulating dynamic behavior of the designed molecular structures provides a foundation for the construction of functional molecular devices. DNA nanotechnology allows conformational changes in two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional DNA origami nanostructures by introducing flexibility between the faces of the structures. However, dynamic transformations in wireframe DNA origami, composed solely of vertices and edges, remain challenging due to vertex‐specific flexibility. We report a wireframe DNA origami capable of vertex‐protruding transformation between the open‐ and closed‐form with eight protruding vertices. This reversible transformation is driven by DNA hybridization and a toehold‐mediated strand displacement reaction. Spacer strands between vertices and edges were designed to introduce flexibility. Coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that a longer spacer increases conformational flexibility and can achieve the narrow angles required for the vertex‐protruding transformation. The experimental results showed the successful assembly of the open‐form structure under optimized salt conditions, as visualized through transmission electron microscopy images. Furthermore, the transformation between the open‐ and closed‐form structures was demonstrated by the sequential addition of signal strands. This vertex‐protruding transformation mechanism will expand the design approach of dynamic DNA nanostructures and help develop functional molecular devices for artificial molecular systems.
Selective Recognition of Nucleoside Triphosphates in Water by Tetraphenylethene‐Based Tetraimidazolium Cyclophanes†
Authors: Wang Pingxia , Li Yingjie , Zhao Lingu , Yang Yanxia , Kang Xuhao , Yang Ting , Cao Fan , Cheng Lin , Cao Liping
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive Summary

The design and development of selective recognition and sensing systems for biologically important nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) have attracted significant attention in recent years, owing to their critical roles in cellular processes. In this study, we report the synthesis of two tetraphenylethene‐based tetraimidazolium cyclophanes (1 and 2) through a one‐step SN2 reaction. These cyclophanes are capable of recognizing NTPs by forming stable 1 : 1 host‐guest complexes in aqueous solution. Of particular interest, cyclophane 1 demonstrates exceptional selectivity for guanosine triphosphate (GTP), distinguishing it from other nucleoside triphosphates such as ATP, CTP, and UTP. This selective recognition is accompanied by distinct and measurable fluorescence responses, which are significantly enhanced upon binding to GTP, enabling the potential for sensitive detection. This study highlights the potential of tetraphenylethene‐based tetraimidazolium cyclophanes as a highly selective and sensitive sensor for GTP, offering new insights into the design of molecular systems for the recognition of biologically relevant nucleotides.
Replacing a Cereblon Ligand by a DDB1 and CUL4 Associated Factor 11 (DCAF11) Recruiter Converts a Selective Histone Deacetylase 6 PROTAC into a pan‐degrader
Authors: Feller Felix , Weber Heiko , Miranda Martina , Honin Irina , Hanl Maria , Hansen Finn Kristian
Published: February 2025

Proteolysis‐targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have recently gained popularity as targeted protein degradation (TPD) promises to overcome the limitations of occupancy‐driven pharmacology. However, most degraders rely on a small number of E3 ligases. In this study, we present the first‐in‐class histone deacetylase (HDAC) PROTACs recruiting the DDB1‐ and CUL4‐ associated factor 11 (DCAF11). We established a synthesis route entirely on solid‐phase to prepare a set of eleven degraders. The long and flexible spacer bearing FF2039 (1j) showed significant HDAC1 and 6 degradation in combination with cytotoxicity against the multiple myeloma cell line MM.1S. Further investigations revealed that 1j was also able to degrade HDAC isoforms of class I, IIa and IIb. Compared to our previously published cereblon‐recruiting HDAC6 selective PROTAC A6, we succesfully transformed the selective degrader into a pan‐HDAC degrader by switching the recruited E3 ligase. A detailed profiling of the anticancer properties of 1j demonstrated its significant antiproliferative activity against both hematological and solid cancer cell lines, driven by cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction.
Electrocatalytic Lignin Valorization via Enhanced H₂O₂ Generation Using a MWNCT‐Modified Gas Diffusion Electrode
Authors: Wang Lei , Liu Shuangyan , Meng Jinyou , Song Meng , Jiao Mingli , Jiang Haomin , Chen Yongmei
Published: February 2025

The electrocatalytic valorization of lignin provides a sustainable route to valuable chemicals under mild conditions, yet achieving high efficiency and selectivity remains challenging. Here, we develop gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) modified with few‐layer graphene (GR) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to enhance the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for efficient hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation. The MWCNT‐modified GDE exhibits the highest surface area and conductivity, achieving over 80% selectivity for H2O2 via the two‐electron ORR pathway. Electrochemical lignin depolymerization using this optimized GDE yields 72.3% low‐molecular‐weight aromatic compounds within 1 h. The MWCNT‐GDE demonstrates exceptional durability, maintaining stable performance across ten consecutive cycles. This work highlights the potential of MWCNT‐modified electrodes to advance scalable electrochemical lignin valorization through in‐situ H2O2 generation.
Assessing the Success of a Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and a Pre‐Mixed Bioceramic in Mature Teeth With Irreversible Pulpitis With Full Pulpotomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Suresh Sarang , Kalhoro Feroze A. , Rani Priya , Memon Mahwish
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The aim of this study is to compare the clinical and radiographic success of MTA versus EBRRM in pulpotomy of permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis without apical periodontitis.

Material and Methods

Clinical and radiographic assessments were conducted at baseline, 6 days, 6 weeks, and 6 months. After administration of anesthesia and coronal pulp removal, pulp was capped with MTA or Endo Sequence Bioceramic Root Repair, followed by restoration with a glass ionomer and resin composite.

Results

The overall success rate for pulpotomy was 71.9%, with MTA and the bioceramic showing success rates of 32.8% and 39.1%, respectively. There was no significant relationship with the type of cavity and failure of pulpotomy.

Conclusions

MTA and EBBRRM are both practical choices for pulpotomy and there is no notable difference between them in the success rate and pain level. EBBRRM may be more effective in Class 1 cavities than in Class 2 cavities.