bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Practice regarding Post-Partum Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Device among Antenatal Women Attending AMDA Hospital, Jhapa
Authors: Dhimal Sita , Ghising Rashmi , Dahal Nirmala , Jha Nilam Kumari , Shah Rekha , Bhandari Bhawana
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Family planning was set up in 1936. It was at first known as the sex hygiene and birth regulation society. Intrauterine contraception is one of the most cost-effective methods of contraception. PPIUCD can be inserted in 48 hours postpartum, referred to here as postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device. Failure to plan a pregnancy can adversely affect the health of the family as a whole. High parity is related to increased maternal, perinatal and infant deaths and is associated with nutritional problems of both mother and child.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess knowledge and practice regarding PPICUD among the Antenatal mothers attending AMDA Hospital, Damak, Jhapa.
Methodology: A cross-sectional observational design was used for the study. One hundred sixty-four antenatal mothers will be taken in the study. Self-administered questionnaire and interview method used for the study. Data will be summarized using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.
Results: One hundred sixty-four antenatal mothers participated in the study, 121 antenatal mothers (73.8%) had moderate, 20 antenatal mothers (12.2%) had adequate and 23 antenatal mothers (14%) had inadequate knowledge. there was a significant association between knowledge with age, sex, religion, educational status, marital status, type of family, occupation, type of family, monthly income, parity, pervious source of information.
Conclude: The study concludes that awareness and knowledge among antenatal mothers are high but the usage is low. Many educational and motivational activities are needed.
Slope Stability Evaluation based on Empirical Methods and it’s Potential Remedy at Lesser Himalayan Zone (A Case Study of Bhalam-Hill Slope, Kaski)
Authors: Baral Prakash
Published: November 2023

The study area lies in Bhalam, Kaski district nearly 2 km from Batulechour main district road network near Gandarva community residing near Kali Khola river. The study area is comprises of several lithological factors. Field observation, sampling, lab analysis, geological survey with GPS, compass, geological hammer and tape are the main methods utilize to evaluate slope stability and possibility of failure in the study area. From the study it is found that there are few major discontinuities which play vital role in determining slope failure around the study area. The major failure due to discontinuity are planar failure, wedge failure and somewhere block failure. High ground water table approximately 0.06m, steep slope varying from 25° to 60°, improper road cutting, weathering of rock mass are major factor contributing to rock fall and landslide in the study area. The study also shows FOS<1(0.937 and 0.569) at two different places which is most critical and make slope unstable. SMR is calculated on the basis of RMRb, GSI is calculated on the basis of RQD and UCS is calculated on the basis of empirical methods which uses pulse velocity and porosity chart for determining related equation. The calculated value of RMRb, SMR and FOS shows less stability of study area along Bhalam-Batulechour road section near Kali- Khola river with possibility of impact on Bhalam road bridge and two lane road section. There need a corrective measure in slope for sustainable stability in the long run.
Reference Interval (RI)
Authors: Mahato Ram Vinod
Published: November 2023

No abstract available.
Formulation Optimization and in-vitro Evaluation of Diclofenac Fast Disintegrating Tablets
Authors: Shrestha Sumit , Bhandari Sujata
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION: Fast disintegrating tablets (FDTs) are solid dosage forms that disintegrate and dissolve in the mouth without the need for water within a matter of seconds. In the present study, a fast-disintegrating tablet of diclofenac sodium was prepared using WOWTAB (without water) technology, and its in-vitro characters were analyzed to prepare an optimum formulation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diclofenac sodium and its reference standard along with other excipients were collected. Softer tablets with hardness ranging from 1.493 to 1.522 kg/cm2 were prepared using Plackett-Burman (PB) design and central composite design (CCD). Various physicochemical parameters and in-vitro quality parameters of formulations were evaluated using standard methods.
RESULTS: The disintegration time of the formulations ranged from 76 to 126 seconds. The in-vitro drug release was found to be from 96.31 to 99.94%. The study of contour plot and surface plot indicated that formulation with maltose concentration of 5 mg and mannitol concentration of 90 mg would produce an optimized formulation of diclofenac fast disintegration tablet with a rapid disintegration time of 1.2 to 1.4 minutes and dissolution percent at 30 minutes of 99.5 to 100%.
CONCLUSIONS: Diclofenac FDT was prepared based on WOWTAB technology. Formulation containing maltose 5 mg and mannitol 90 mg would be an optimized formulation of diclofenac FDT, with a rapid disintegration time of 1.2 to 1.4 minutes and dissolution percent at 30 minutes of 99.5 to 100 %.
Health Related Quality of Life of Patients with Cardiovascular Disease attending Sahid Ganagalal National Heart Center, Janakpurdham, Province 2, Nepal
Authors: Sah Shiwani , Shah Shilpa , Mandal Gauree Shankar , Dahal Laxmi , Mahato Srijana , Yadav Poonam Kumari
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION: Individuals' subjective perceptions of their own physical, mental, and social health and functioning make up what is known as "health-related quality of life" (HRQL). The alarming rise in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has received little national attention because Nepal’s health system places more of an emphasis on maternal, neonatal, and child health as well as communicable diseases. The study was conducted to assess the health related quality of life (HRQL) of patients with cardiovascular disease attending Sahid Gangalal National Heart Center, Janakpurdham, Madhesh Pradesh, Nepal.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross sectional study design was adopted for the study. This study was carried out in outpatient department (OPD) of Sahid Gangalal National Heart Center, Madhesh Pradesh, Janakpurdham, Nepal. The instrument used for the study was WHOQOL-BREF, which consists of 26 items.
RESULTS: 70.4% of the respondents had a good quality of life, 80.8 % patients were dissatisfied with health, 63% of the respondents were with good physical health, 75% had stable psychological health, 67% had active social relationships and 56% were with inadequate environmental status.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite a history of cardiovascular illnesses, majority of study participants reported a high quality of life. However, the assessment device employed in this study assessed overall quality of life.
Performance Analysis of Block Chaining Message Authentication Code (CBC MAC) and its Variants
Authors: Chhetri Chhetra Bahadur
Published: November 2023

The cryptographic algorithms employed in internet security must be able to handle packets which may vary in size over a large range. The majority of cryptography algorithms divide messages into large blocks to process them. due to this fact the messages must be prepared by padding the desired amount of zero bits to induce an integer number of blocks. This process contributes a considerable overhead when the short messages are more dominant within the message stream. In this paper, analyze is targeted on the performance of varied message authentication code generator algorithm supported cipher block. These all variants of cipherbased must share symmetric key before creating message authentication code. All variants of CBC MAC are implemented in JAVA. The results of empirical performance shows that two variants namely TMAC perform better for AES Encryption algorithm in larger size otherwise EMAC show the higher result with the Triple DES symmetric algorithm. The result shows that, when consider only on the performance aspect. Cycle/byte is calculated for comparing different variants of CBC MAC. Cycle/byte is decreased when input size of message is increased. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm shows good performance than TDES and its better safety features than DES. CBC-MAC is maybe visiting be standardized as an AES mode of operation.
Nepal's Policies and Practices for Gender Equality
Authors: Sijapati Dipendra Bikram , Mishra Manamaya
Published: November 2023

The development policy of the government of Nepal based the article on gender equality, inclusion, and its relationship with development in the context of the current federal structure. This article focused on two objectives: to examine the institutional contributions to gender equality and inclusion and to learn how to participate and benefit from the development activities and services on an equal basis. Gender inclusion in the development sector is defined as the participation, decision-making roles, responsibilities, attributes, and power relations in all development government sectors. Using secondary sources, this article gathered and reviewed related literature from books, articles, election commission reports, related acts, policies, and constitutions, as well as collected profiles. 31.1 percent of people who find this article are elected, 58.9 percent of them are men, and 41.1 percent of them are women. In province No. 5, there are 22.28 percent of elected officials, of whom 58.78 percent are men and 41.22 percent are women. In Province No. 6, a total of 29.73 percent of candidates are elected and 26.73 percent of the province's 7 candidates are elected, with 59 percent being men and 41 percent being women. Gender equity and its relationship to government among elected candidates is quite high compared to what the Nepal Constitution of 2072 and various political parties' election manifestos of 2074 allotted, as the Nepal Constitution of 2072 stated that every political party must include at least 33 percent women in all of its political activities, including elections. Considering gender when making decisions and giving women leadership roles. Lack of participation in local development activities, allocation of gender-sensitive funds, and policy- and program-making.
Knowledge and Practice on Sanitation and Hygiene among Secondary-Level Students
Authors: Pokhrel Ram Raj
Published: November 2023

Sanitation and hygiene are essential components among the students to create a behavioral impact for living a healthy lifestyle. In this context, the study intends to investigate the knowledge and practice of sanitation and hygiene among the students in Shree Adinath Madhyamik Vidayala in Kirtipur municipality ward number six of Kathmandu Valley, where most of the students are from a middle-class background. The study employed quantitative and qualitative research, with an emphasis on exploratory and descriptive research designs. A total of 35 students in grade 10 of the school were the universe of the study and all these students were included in this study and the census methods were applied. The study indicates that students possess knowledge of hygiene conditions.
The Functioning of Tax Authorities in Countries of the European Union
Authors: Glukh Maryna , Anistratenko Julia , Harbinska-Rudenko Alona , Melnyk Olena , Karmalita Mariia
Published: November 2023

The paper delves into an insightful analysis of tax authority operations in various European Union (EU) member states, including Poland, Sweden, Germany, and France. This study seeks to extract valuable lessons from their practices and apply them to the context of Ukraine. Poland's tax authority, governed by the Tax Ordinance, serves as an interesting starting point for the investigation. Sweden's National Tax Agency, operating under the Swedish Ministry of Finance but independently of the government, takes centre stage as a model of centralised tax administration based on functional principles. In contrast, France's tax system integrates its state tax service into the Ministry of Economy, Finance, and Budget, showcasing a unique structural arrangement. Notably, Germany stands out with its highly proficient tax service, emphasising the importance of professional expertise in tax administration. In conclusion, this study underscores the universal nature of lessons learned from the organisational activities of tax authorities in EU member states. By implementing these insights, Ukraine can take significant steps toward optimising its tax administration, fostering trust between taxpayers and authorities, and aligning its practices with international standards. Ultimately, the paper serves as a valuable resource for policymakers and tax professionals seeking to enhance Ukraine's tax authority operations.
Political Communication in (Post)Conflict Societies. The case of Kosovo
Authors:   Universiteti i Prishtinës, Pristina, Gashi Avdyl , Amanyraouf Samila ,   California State University-Dominguez Hills
Published: November 2023

Political communication is important in the development of political, social and historical processes of a country. Communication is perhaps a powerful tool that politicians have in their hands. They use it to fight political opponents, and to persuade the masses. This article will address the importance of political communication in post-conflict societies, with a focus on Kosovo society. Political communication and media are crucial for peacebuilding, democracy, and conflict resolution, especially in Kosovo, where emotional and harsh nationalist communication hinders socio-political transformation of deep-rooted conflicts. In this article, authors try to examine the correlation of hate-speech and violence in Kosovo. The results conclude that there is a positive correlation between hate-speech and violence. Without free and independent media, political communication will not be able to free itself from the past that has plagued it for decades.
International terrorism, a threat present in Kosovo
Authors:   University of Prishtina, Haliti Fidan
Published: November 2023

This article deals with the threats posed by international terrorism to the security environment in Kosovo, with a particular focus on the period of the emergence of ISIS, when a large number of fighters from Kosovo joined terrorist organisations in the conflict zone of Syria and Iraq. This article attempts to explain the general factors leading to the rise of violent extremism and religious radicalism in Kosovo, as well as why Kosovar fighters joined ISIS. In particular, it examines the institutional responses to counter-terrorism in Kosovo, the elimination of conditions and factors conducive to extremism and radicalism, and the weaknesses of Kosovo institutions in countering terrorism.
Los retos de Honduras en materia de inseguridad. El dilema de Xiomara Castro ante el populismo punitivo y de la seguridad.
Authors:   Universidad Pontificia de Comillas, Lozano Javier
Published: November 2023

La militarización al combate como herramienta casi exclusiva contra la violencia y inseguridad ha sido el paradigma de profundo calado en Honduras y la mayor parte de la región, lo implica la solución a los problemas de inseguridad en clave de guerra. Este conflicto asimétrico entre los grupos criminales y los Estados se recrudeció a raíz de la Guerra contra las Drogas iniciada por el presidente mexicano Calderón, y no es sino la continuación de las diversas guerras contra ya ensayadas en Centroamérica bajo inspiración de los EEUU. Con la llegada al poder de la presidenta hondureña, Xiomara Castro, se advertía un cambio en relación a las políticas de seguridad que no se enfocaran exclusivamente en la mano dura, sino que abordara la reforma integral del Estado priorizando la lucha contra la corrupción y la impunidad, así como la mejora de la calidad de la democracia. Una ola de populismo punitivo recorre la región, pero la mejora en los niveles de inseguridad en Honduras no será sostenible mediante el uso exclusivo de la fuerza ni estados de excepción.
A Review of the Global Microgreens’ Market by most Popular Species Grown, Farming types and Practices, end users, Revenue Generated: Opportunity Analysis, and Industry Forecast
Authors: Rita Abaajeh Asomiba
Published: November 2023

Background: Alcoholic liver damage is caused by long-term and heavy alcohol consumption, which leads to many diseases and even cancer. α-Pinene has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, however, it is still unclear the relationship between α-Pinene and alcohol-induced liver injury. The potential molecular mechanisms of α-pinene in reducing alcohol-induced liver injury in mice were investigated in this study. Materials and methods: The C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups, which were the control groups (physiological saline, 0.2mL per days), alcohol group (50% alcohol, 5 mL/kg bw/day), alcohol with low/medium/high dosage α-pinene treatment group ((7.2 mg/kg bw, 14.4 mg/kg bw, 28.8 mg/kg bw, dissolved in 50% alcohol, Separately). The dosing method for mice is via oral gavage. After 8 weeks of experimentation, mouse serum and liver were collected for further testing. Result: The increased antioxidant enzyme activities demonstrated the alleviated effect of α-pinene against alcohol-induced mouse liver injury. Moreover, in liver tissues, α-pinene promoted nucleus translocation of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and transcription of antioxidant target genes, including heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1 / HO-1), NAD[P]H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO-1), and glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 (Gsta-1). Meanwhile, α-pinene promoted the protein expression of autophagy-related proteins and inhibited the increase of inflammatory factors caused by chronic alcohol intake. Furthermore, α-pinene partially inhibited the activation of apoptotic signaling pathways by increasing the expression of Bcl-2 and decreasing Bax and cleaved caspase-3 proteins. Conclusion: Taken together, our results indicated that α-pinene might alleviate alcoholic liver injury by reducing lipid accumulation, enhancing anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory, activating autophagy, and inhibiting cell apoptosis.
Эпидемиология и факторы риска воспалительных заболеваний кишечника
Authors: Dorofeev A. E. , Shvets O. V.
Published: November 2023

Стаття присвячена порівняльному аналізу епідеміологічних даних в Україні, країнах Європи та Північної Америки, огляду високодоказових досліджень, присвячених визначенню значущості деяких факторів ризику хвороби Крона і неспецифічного виразкового коліту.
Поражение пищеварительного канала при аутизме
Authors: Grechanina Yu. B. , Grechanina O. Ya. , Biletska S. V.
Published: November 2023

У статті розглянуто особливості ураження травного каналу (ТК) у дітей з аутизмом. Наведено алгоритм обстеження дітей з аутизмом в ХСМГЦ, а також статистичні дані про частоту ураження ТК. Відмічено основні напрями корекції розладів травлення та її результати.
Раціональна терапія хворих на гіпертонічну хворобу та абдомінальне ожиріння при супутньому субклінічному гіпотиреозі
Authors: Pligovka V. M.
Published: November 2023

У статті визначено особливості ліпідного статусу хворих на гіпертонічну хворобу (ГХ) з абдомінальним ожирінням при супутньому субклінічному гіпотиреозі (СГ): підвищення рівня загального холестерину (ЗХ) і холестерину ліпопротеїдів низької щільності (ХС ЛПНЩ). При оцінці ефективності терапії статинами в комбінації із замісною терапією порівняно з монотерапією статинами виявлено кращий результат комбінованої терапії у досягненні цільового рівня як загального ХС, так і ХС ЛПНЩ. Отримані результати дозволяють рекомендувати використання комбінованої терапії у хворих на ГХ з абдомінальним ожирінням при супутньому СГ для досягнення цільового значення ХС ЛПНЩ і відповідно для зниження серцево-судинного ризику цих хворих.
Негативні наслідки припинення статинотерапії у хворих, які перенесли гостру коронарну подію, із супутнім неалкогольним стеатогепатитом
Authors: Skrypnyk I. M. , Dubrovinskaya T. V.
Published: November 2023

Обстежено 140 хворих на інфаркт міокарда (ІМ) у поєднанні з неалкогольним стеатогепатитом (НАСГ), 55 приймали середні терапевтичні дози розувастатину 10 мг/доба, 66 хворих – аторвастатин у дозі 40 мг/доба, 19 після виписки із стаціонару самовільно припинили прийом статинів. За результатами дослідження виявлено значне прогресування дисліпідемії у разі відміни статинів (підвищення рівня ЗХС та ТГ крові на 34 % і ХС ЛПНЩ на 38 %). У хворих, які продовжили прийом статинів, відмічено позитивну динаміку показників ліпідограми: на фоні прийому розувастатину 10 мг рівень ЗХС і ХС ЛПНЩ знизився на 36 і 43 % відповідно, при застосуванні аторвастатину 40 мг – на 34 і 40 % відповідно. Терапія розувастатином 10 мг мала перевагу порівняно з аторвастатином 40 мг у підвищенні рівня ХС ЛПВЩ на 21 % та зниженні рівня ТГ крові на 37 %. Доведено, що подальший прийом статинів покращує перебіг захворювання у хворих, які перенесли ІМ, запобігає розвитку резистентної ІХС та повторних гострих коронарних подій, зменшує частоту госпіталізацій з приводу прогресування СН.
Инфекция Нelicobacter pylori у больных с функциональной диспепсией и эффективность её эрадикации в Донецком регионе
Authors: Dorofeyev A. E. , Rudenko N. N. , Agibalov O. M. , Kugler T. E. , Sybilyov A. V. , Tomash O. V.
Published: November 2023

Обстежено 175 хворих з діагностичними критеріями Рим III з функціональною диспепсією. У 104 (59 %) діагностована хелікобактерна інфекція. Трьохкомпонентна (ІПП + кларитроміцин + амоксицилін) 7-денна терапія з включенням пробіотика була ефективною у 92 (88,4 %) хворих. Симптоми диспепсії усунуто у 37 осіб з успішною ерадикацією (40 %), а стійкий ефект протягом 6 міс зберігався у 24 (26 %). Ефективність ерадикації в усуненні симптомів диспепсії була вищою при синдромі епігастрального болю, ніж при постпрандіальному дистрес-синдромі.
Синдром митохондриальной нейрогастроинтестинальной энцефаломиопатии
Authors: Grechanina Yu. B.
Published: November 2023

У статті описано випадок клінічного спостереження синдрому мітохондріальної нейрогастроінтестинальної енцефаломіопатії (синдром MNGIE).
Визначення взаємозв’язку між амінокислотним складом сечі та щільністю кісткової тканини у дітей з гострою лейкемією для формування групи ризику з онкогематологічної патології
Authors: Bebeshko V. G. , Bruslova K. M. , Volodina T. T. , Tsvietkova N. M. , Lyashenko L. O. , Pushkareva T. I. , Voloshko V. I. , Chernysh T. O. , Trykhlib I. V.
Published: November 2023

Наведено віково-статеві показники денситометрії у практично здорових дітей та хворих на гостру лейкемію (ГЛ). У 31 % дітей з ГЛ в ініціальний період захворювання були прояви остеопенічного синдрому. У дітей, хворих на ГЛ, частіше, ніж у здорових, визначають аномалії розвитку лицевої частини черепа. Парціальний внесок вільного та зв’язаного в пептидах оксипроліну в сечі хворих на ГЛ різниться порівняно з контрольною групою, що зумовлено модифікацією чи дефіцитом відповідних ферментів. У 30 % хворих на ГЛ концентрація вільного оксипроліну в сечі була підвищеною, а гліцину – зниженою, що свідчить про підвищений розпад колагену та дефіцит пластичного матеріалу для процесів колагеноутворення. Отримані дані необхідно враховувати при формуванні групи ризику з онкогематологічної патології у дітей.
Застосування озонованої обліпихової олії для профілактики та лікування тютюнозалежного пародонтиту в експерименті
Authors: Zubachyk В. М. , Ilchyshyn M. P.
Published: November 2023

Досліджено лікувально-профілактичні властивості озонованої обліпихової олії в експерименті на моделі генералізованого пародонтиту у щурів лінії Вістар шляхом дії екстрагованих продуктів неповного згоряння тютюнового диму. Доведено, що запропонований метод озонотерапії, поєднаний з фітоолією, запобігає та корегує метаболічні порушення в тканинах пародонта, зумовлюючи високу лікувальну ефективність препарату.
XХII конгрес EACMFSєвропейської асоціації черепно-щелепно-лицевих хірургів
Authors: Malanchuk V. O. , Volovar O. S. , Chepurnyi Yu. V. , Timoshchenko N. M. , Zhukovtseva O. I.
Published: November 2023

У Празі (Чеська республіка) з 22 по 26 вересня 2014 р. відбувся черговий конгрес Європейської асоціації черепно-щелепно-лицевих хірургів (EACMFS), у роботі якого взяли участь понад 2000 делегатів більш ніж з 50 країн світу.
Conocimiento astronómico y meliponicultura entre los mayas peninsulares: ayer y hoy
Authors: Casares Contreras Orlando Josué , Estrella Cabrera Venus Sarahí
Published: November 2023

La meliponicultura representa una de las actividades productivas tradicionales más significativas para la sociedad maya prehispánica, debido al valor simbólico de las abejas nativas para las sociedades mayas y al aprovechamiento de la miel. La trascendencia de la miel producida por la abeja nativa Melipona beecheii, conocida localmente como xuunan kab, se ha documentado desde la época colonial hasta las recientes etnografías, abarcando su producción, empleo y valor simbólico. No obstante, consideraremos indispensable identificar los mecanismos empleados desde la época prehispánica para conocer, registrar y aprovechar el recurso derivado de la actividad de pecoreo de las abejas nativas. Usando una metodología comparativa de los trabajos previos y publicados en las observaciones astronómicas registradas, documentos etnohistóricos y estudios de floraciones de las plantas melíferas nativas, se tiene como objetivo principal comprobar la relación del registro de los ciclos astronómicos de los mayas prehispánicos, con el registro de los periodos fenológicos de floraciones en especies nativas para establecer los mecanismos ancestrales en que se sustenta dicha actividad. Ambos registros favorecieron el óptimo aprovechamiento de la meliponicultura desde el periodo prehispánico hasta la actualidad.
Investigative jurisdiction of the criminal case: general condition of the preliminary investigation or a set of organizational-management rules?
Authors: Rossinskiy Sergey B.
Published: November 2023

The article deals with the phenomenon of investigative jurisdiction as a legal property of a criminal case, which determines its inclusion in the competence of a certain police station or investigative department.
An analysis is made of the legal nature of investigative jurisdiction and its role as a general condition for a preliminary investigation. Arguments are given about the purely organizational and managerial purpose of the rules of investigative jurisdiction, about the need to use these rules only for the rational distribution of criminal cases between different bodies of preliminary investigation and the solution of other similar tasks. At the same time, an opinion is expressed about the absence of a “high” legal significance of investigation jurisdiction, which contradicts the regulation of these norms only in federal law. In this regard, the conclusion is formulated about the need to transfer the norms of investigation jurisdiction to the subordinate level.
The significance of N. Ya. Danilevsky’s ideas for the formation of modern Philosophy of Law
Authors: Savenkov Alexander N.
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes the philosophical and historical ideas of N. Ya. Danilevsky and their significance for the development of cognitive capabilities of the Philosophy of Law. The leitmotif of the research is the idea that the theory of cultural and historical types developed by N. Ya. Danilevsky remains the property of only philosophers and historians, but is undeservedly overlooked by lawyers. The main reason for this situation is the complexity of the historical and philosophical reconstruction of his theory of cultural and historical types in the context of the analysis of the state and law. In addition, the article draws attention to the role of a one-sided Eurocentric understanding of the philosophy of the history of political and legal thought and the history of state and law. The ideas of N. Ya. Danilevsky are accompanied by significant distortions and falsifications in Western literature, primarily American and German. The methodology of the research is based on the use of traditional methods of analyzing political and legal doctrines, first of all their structural division, accompanied by a conditional separation of the logical and conceptual (theoretical) part and the concrete historical part.
Certain procedural aspects of the institute of interim measures in protection of copyright and related rights
Authors: Yastrebov Oleg A.
Published: November 2023

The article analyses the peculiarities of the institute of interim measures and preliminary interim measures provided by the section 144.1 of the Civil Procedural Code of the Russian Federation in the part of their taking by the court. The authors draw attention to the temporary nature of interim measures, which involves the return of the parties to the initial position in the event that the claims are recognized by the court as unfounded. However, difficulties of a technical nature arise in this part when the court takes preliminary injunctive relief under section 144.1 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation in the form of obliging the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Communications and other persons to stop creating technical conditions for the placement, distribution and other use of the disputed musical work. As a rule, after the filing of an application for interim measures by the applicant claiming that his rights have been violated by placing an object of copyright and related rights on the Internet, either the defendant himself or the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media essentially removes the corresponding work or a link to it. After filing an action to prohibit the creation of technical conditions for the placement, distribution and other use of the disputed work, in accordance with the procedure stipulated by part 5 section 144.1 of the Civil procedural code of the Russian Federation for its consideration on the merits sometimes requires the expertise to establish the identity of the work posted on the Internet by the defendant and the work in respect of which the plaintiff claims the exclusive rights. This is particularly relevant when disputes arise regarding the posting of phonograms, since multiple phonograms are allowed and the court needs to establish the identity of the phonogram claimed by the plaintiff and the phonogram posted by the defendant and in respect of which the court has taken preliminary injunctions. Even the mere possibility for the defendant to re-post the phonogram on its website after the plaintiff’s claims have been found unfounded does not undermine the fact that the restoration of the defendant's rights to post the phonogram on its website is not through the lifting of provisional measures to resume access to the previously posted work, but through its new posting by the defendant. The foregoing contradicts the provisional nature of the interim measures.
Constitutional Law, Philosophy and statehood of Russia. B.S. Ebzeev. The Philosophy of Russian constitutionalism: essays
Authors: Zhukov Vyacheslav N.
Published: November 2023

The review highlights the main topics and problems of the new monograph by B.S. Ebzeev on the constitutional process in Russia, which has been taking place over the past 30 years. The work of the famous lawyer and statesman provides a dogmatic, historical, political-ideological, sociological and philosophical analysis of the problems of Russian statehood in connection with the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993. The book proves that the Constitution of the Russian Federation, with all its shortcomings, made it possible to prevent civil confrontation, get out of the most severe political crisis and preserve Russia as a sovereign state.
A mini-ethnography of honey gathering: The practice and its contribution to livelihood systems in rural areas
Authors: Fajari Muhammad Falah , Budhi Gunawan , Umezaki Masahiro
Published: November 2023

As part of the people's culture, the livelihood system, various community groups in Indonesia have been practicing stinging bees honey-gathering. Many studies have reported such activities quite widely. In the context of honey-gathering activities and somewhat different from other reports, this study describes the activities of collecting honey produced by stingless bees (Tetragonula sp.) practiced by honey collectors in Sumedang Regency, West Java. The study applied the mini-ethnography method to study the honey collection and its economic system, practiced by six groups of honey collectors, by conducting participant observation and in-depth interviews. The description of study results includes knowledge systems, honey-gathering practices, social relations among the collectors, collected honey utilization, and honey-gathering practices in the context of the rural economy. This study suggests that as part of the community's livelihood system, the stingless bee honey gathering generates a significant income for honey collectors and to some extent contributes to the livelihood system in rural areas.
Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties and the structure of the tin-free aluminum bronze
Authors: Khvorykh Yu. A. , Nikitin S. V. , Kupriyanova O. A.
Published: November 2023

Nowadays bronze products have quite high demand, for example, bronze liners, bushings, flanges, etc. Bronze is a rather malleable antifriction material with good corrosion resistance. Depending on the different methods of melting and processing bronze, it is possible to increase strength properties and reduce cost of production of bronze products. There are various types of tin-free bronze, such as aluminum, lead, beryllium, manganese, magnesium, chromium, zirconium, cadmium, silicon, bronze. In this article, cast tin-free bronzes produced by two casting methods, such as casting in a casting mold and casting on gasifiable models (CGM), are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are analyzed. Experimental regimes of heat treatment during CGM were developed and tested. The tests of mechanical characteristics are carried out on prototypes and a full-fledged liner that is used in the nodes of a spindle device. The microstructure of samples during CGM before and after heat treatment is studied. Dependence of time resistance, relative, elongation, hardness and impact toughness on various heat treatment modes was studied. A general comparative analysis of mechanical properties depending on the method of melting and processing of bronze samples was also carried out. The economic calculation was carried out, which revealed the economic effect of CGM with further heat treatment. The heat treatment regimes have been developed, which make it possible to use the CGM casting method for inserts with obtaining mechanical properties at the level of casting into the mold according to GOST 493‒79
Prospects for the development of hydrogen technologies in the domestic metallurgy
Authors: Roshchin V. E. , Gamov P. A. , Roshchin A. V. , Salikhov S. P.
Published: November 2023

The inevitability of the development of carbon-free steel production technologies in the domestic metallurgy is due not only under the pressure of environmental requirements for decarbonization, but also by the need to bring steelmaking technologies in line with the level of modern science. The electronic theory of oxidation/reduction can serve as a scientific basis for new technologies for the reduction of metals. From the standpoint of this theory, the final stage of the electrochemical process of reducing metals with any reducing agent, including hydrogen, is the electrolysis of oxides with the release of metal and gaseous oxygen under the action of an electron flow generated in the fuel cell during the combustion of the reducing agent due to the oxygen of the oxides. Comparison of two technology options ‒ iron reduction by “green” hydrogen or direct electrolysis of ore oxides using electricity from the electrical network shows a multiple advantage of electrolysis in terms of energy costs. It is concluded that the priority in the development strategy of the industry should not be given to the production and use of “green” hydrogen, but to the electrolysis of ore. The use of hydrogen as a reducing agent can be justified in the selective extraction of iron from complex ores in units such as plasma shaft furnaces, plasma reactors or fluidized bed furnace, in which, along with reduction, nitriding would also take place to convert soft iron into steel. In Russia, there is already an opportunity to master the production of steel using “green” or “turquoise” hydrogen. It is most rational to start the introduction of hydrogen reduction of iron on the basis of the deposits of titanomagnetites of the Kola Peninsula using the excess capacity of the Kola NPP to produce hydrogen
Phase equilibrium in aluminum and calcium treatment economically alloyed manganese steel in units lined with magnesite-based refractories
Authors: Botnikov S. A. , Makrovets L. A. , Bakin I. V. , Mikhailov G. G.
Published: November 2023

The ever-increasing requirements for the quality of products from pipe steel grades force metallurgists to pay increased attention to technologies for producing high-purity metal from non-metallic inclusions. A technological scheme is used for refining of metal alloyed with manganese with deoxidation of melt with aluminum and modification with calcium-containing alloys. Smelting and melt treatment are performed in units lined with magnesium-containing refractory materials. Although magnesium is not used as a refining element in steelmaking, non-metallic inclusions containing compounds related to magnesium spinels of variable composition are regularly found in rolled products. Magnesium spinels are among the most harmful types of non-metallic inclusions that have a significant negative impact on the performance properties of metal products. In this regard, it is of interest to study phase equilibria in the Fe–Mg–Al–Ca–Mn–O–C system. This paper presents the results of a thermodynamic analysis of this system at the temperature of out-of-furnace steel treatment. The state diagram of the ternary oxide system CaO–MnO–Al2O3 has been calculated and plotted. The isothermal isocompositional cross sections of a surface of solubility of components in metal (SSCM) of the Fe–Mg–Ca–Mn–Al–O–C system calculated for the ratio of components characteristic of grades 09G2S and steel 20 are presented in this work. The analysis of the constructed SSCM shows that the formation of endogenous refractory magnesium-containing non-metallic inclusions in real conditions is unlikely, and their presence in steel may indicate their exogenous nature. Measures to optimize the casting process on the CCM (optimum content of calcium and aluminum) are proposed. Calculations make it possible to correct the conditions under which CaO•2Al2O3 will be the predominant type of compounds formed, the most favorable type of compounds that is easily removed from the melt and has a minimal effect on its properties
Alkyl derivatives of 7'-((3-mercapto-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)methyl)-3-methylxanthine: synthesis and properties
Authors: Трофімова Т. С. , Гоцуля А. С.
Published: November 2023

The pharmacophore centers of a molecule play a key role in understanding the interaction of drugs with their targets in the body and in the creation of new biologically active compounds. They enable the development of drugs with specific pharmacological properties, high selectivity and safety. Fragments of xanthine or 1,2,4-triazole in the structure of the substance contribute to the formation of pharmacophore centers and biological activity.

The aim of the study was to synthesize S-alkyl derivatives of 7-((3-mercapto-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)methyl)-3-methylxanthine and to determine the pharmacokinetic profile by in silico methods.

The starting 3-methylxanthine was converted to 7-((3-mercapto-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)methyl)-3-methylxanthine. The resulting thiol was subjected to S-alkylation with halogenalkanes. The structure and identity of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and chromatography-mass spectrometry. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the compounds and their compliance with the drug-like criteria were evaluated using the SwissADME on-line platform.

The synthesized substances showed in the in silico studies were mostly able to overcome such drug-like filters as Lipinski, Gose, Weber, Egan, and Mugge, which predictively predetermines the positive pharmacokinetic profile of the studied compounds. The obtained values of such descriptors as molecular refraction and total area of polar surfaces of molecules, as well as lipophilicity indicators, only reinforce the above opinion.

10 S-alkyl derivatives of 7-((3-mercapto-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)methyl)-3-methylxanthine were synthesized by the structural transformation of 3-methylxanthine with the intermediate formation of 1,2,4-triazole fragment with a SH-group at position 3, after which alkyl substituents were introduced. Predictive evaluation of the pharmacokinetic component of the drug-like parameters was performed, which allowed to substantiate the feasibility of further study of compounds to create a promising biologically active substance.
Diagnostic value of macular blood flow in normal tension glaucoma
Authors:   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Zagidullina A.Sh. , Galimova V.U. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Arslanova A.I. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation,   City Clinical Hospital No. 8, Ufa, Russian Federation, Nugmanova A.R. ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 8, Ufa, Russian Federation
Published: November 2023

Aim: to evaluate macular microcirculation in patients with early newly diagnosed normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with elevated IOP using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Patients and Methods: patients aged 45–65 years with early newly diagnosed NTG (35 patients, 35 eyes) or POAG with elevated IOP (43 patients, 43 eyes) and healthy individuals without ocular disorders (n=50) were examined. All patients underwent OCTA by measuring vascular density (VD, %) using the ETDRS grid (central Fovea and Parafovea) and retinal thick-ness using the Angio Retina 3.0 protocol of the Optovue XR Avanti with the AngioVue function (Optovue, USA). Results: in patients with NTG and POAG, a decrease in vascular density in the superficial choroid plexus was detected. In patients with NTG, retinal thickness in the Fovea, Parafovea, Inferior, and Nasal quadrants was lower than that in the control group and correlated with VD in the Fovea and superior Parafovea of the superficial choroid plexus. The severity of focal losses of the retinal ganglion cell complex was lower than that in the control group and demonstrated a significant weak negative correlation (r=-0.487, p<0.01) with the vascular density index in the Fovea of the superficial choroid plexus. In patients with POAG, retinal thickness in the Fovea and Parafovea was also reduced and correlated with vascular density in the temporal and inferior Parafovea. The severity of global losses of the retinal ganglion cell complex demonstrated a weak negative correlation (r=-0.464, p<0.01) with microcirculation density in the Fovea of the superficial retinal choroid plexus. Conclusion: OCTA revealed a decrease in vascular density in the superficial choroid plexus in early glaucoma. Moreover, a significant difference between NTG and POAG in the Fovea and Parafovea was revealed. Our study established the predominance of vascular changes in patients with NTG. OCTA parameters of the superficial choroid plexus identify microcircula-tion abnormalities at early glaucomatous damage. KEYWORDS: primary open-angle glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma, OCT, optical coher-ence tomography angiography, vascular density index. FOR CITATION: Zagidullina A.Sh., Galimova V.U., Arslanova A.I., Nugmanova A.R. Diagnostic value of macular blood flow in normal tension glaucoma. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2023;23(4):174–180 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-4-1.
Refraction in adolescents with various severity of Internet addiction and intensity of device use
Authors:   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Mukhamadeev T.R. , Akhmadeev R.R. ,   All-Russian Center for Eye and Plastic Surgery of the Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Shaykhutdinova E.F. ,   CJSC "Optimedservis", Ufa, Russian Federation, Khusniyarova A.R. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation
Published: November 2023

Aim: to assess refraction in adolescent Internet users with various severity of Internet addiction and intensity of device use. Patients and Methods: 84 adolescents (66 girls and 18 boys, mean age 16.0±0.2 years) underwent psychometric and ophthalmic examinations to determine Internet addiction (IA) and duration and experience of using devices and to measure spherical equivalent (SE) (Righton Speedy-K). Results: Internet-addicted adolescents, adolescents with developing IA, and those without IA manifestations accounted for 17.9%, 59.5%, and 22.6%, respectively. The average prevalence of myopia and hypermetropia was 76.2% and 7.1%, respectively. Mean SE was shifted toward myopia (OD -1.5±0.2 D and OS -1.7±0.2). Minimal SE (OD -0.5±0.3 D and OS -0.8±0.3 D) was reported in adolescents with developed IA. SE in adolescents prone to IA was more myopic (OD -1.7±0.3 D and OS -1.9±0.3 D) than in adolescents without signs of IA (OD -1.7±0.4 D and OS -1.6±0.3 D). No significant intergroup differences were reported. No significant correlations between IA severity and refractive errors were revealed by correlation analysis (p=0.729). Meanwhile, a weak negative correlation between refraction and experience using a computer, smartphone, and the Internet (R=-0.11, p=0, 3; R=-0.06, p=0.6; R=-0.13, p=0.24, respectively) was detected. Conclusion: the high prevalence of myopia along with weak correlations between IA and the intensity of device use on the one hand and SE, on the other hand, does not illustrate the lack of a negative impact of information technology on the vision of children and adolescents, but once again establishes the opinion on the complexity of myopia development. KEYWORDS: refraction, myopia, Internet addiction, adolescents, spherical equivalent. FOR CITATION: Mukhamadeev T.R., Akhmadeev R.R., Shaykhutdinova E.F., Khusniyarova A.R. Refraction in adolescents with various severity of Internet addiction and intensity of device use. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2023;23(4):197–201 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-4-4.