bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Evaluation of Quinoline‐Schiff Bases Targeting Mtb DNA Gyrase: In Vitro and Computational Approaches
Authors: Shaik Baji Baba , Tembe Ntombikayise , Kajee Afsana , Ngcobo Zakhona , Ghai Meenu , Obakachi Vincent A. , Ghumran Safiyah , Ntuli Vusisizwe , Ornella Mefotso , Nadigar Siddaram , Bala Muhammad Dabai , Singh Parvesh , Karpoormath Rajshekhar
Published: January 2025

A new series of quinoline‐Schiff bases was designed and synthesized using a straightforward and efficient methodology involving the condensation of 2‐chloroquinoline‐3‐carbaldehyde with substituted aromatic amines. A total of 17 quinoline‐Schiff bases were synthesized with 56%–86% yields and characterized by using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and high‐resolution mass spectra (HRMS) as potent anti‐mycobacterial agents with Mtb DNA gyrase inhibitory activity. Among all, compound 7f displayed a significantly potent broad‐spectrum antitubercular and antimicrobial activity against most of the tested strains of bacteria and fungi, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range of 1.95–15.62 µg/mL. Seven quinoline‐Schiff bases (7a, 7b, 7d, 7g, 7o, 7p, and 7q) displayed a key improvement in both drug‐sensitive and drug‐resistant strains with MIC range of 3.90–15.62 µg/mL, respectively. A subsequent in vitro study evaluated the most promising compounds (7a, 7d, 7f, 7p, and 7q) against Mtb DNA gyrase. Among these, compounds 7a, 7d, and 7f exhibited the highest activity, with IC50 values of 1.98, 1.26, and 3.96 µM, respectively. Molecular docking studies revealed strong binding affinities of the synthesized derivatives with the Mtb DNA gyrase enzyme, highlighting key hydrogen and carbon–hydrogen bond interactions with Tyr21, Gly84, Asn85, Asp110, Gln125, and pi–pi and pi‐alkyl interactions with Arg62, Phe116, Pro118, Ala146, and Val147. Furthermore, ADMET profiling of the most effective derivatives 7a, 7d, and 7f demonstrated comparable bioavailability scores (0.55) with varied lipophilicity (MLOGP: 2.90–3.39) and lower TPSA compared to ciprofloxacin (CFX). These comprehensive analyses and properties suggest favorable drug‐likeness with potential for further optimization.
Radical Strategy Towards N‐glycosides: Current Advances and Future Prospects
Authors: Xu Chunfa , Zhang Qinshuo , Yusupu Yimuran
Published: January 2025

N‐glycosides exhibit diverse biological and pharmacological activities, making their efficient synthesis crucial for both biological research and drug development. Traditional acid‐promoted N‐glycosylation methods, which rely on the formation of oxocarbenium intermediates, often face significant challenges. These methods are water‐sensitive and typically require neighboring group participation to achieve high selectivity. Furthermore, they depend on acid activation, rendering them incompatible with alkyl amine. Additionally, low‐nucleophilicity amides often need to be converted into their TMS‐derivatives to enhance reactivity, limiting the direct use of such substrates. In contrast, radical‐based strategies have emerged as a promising alternative, addressing many of these limitations and leading to notable advances in N‐glycosylation. This review explores the unique properties of N‐glycosides, the inherent challenges of traditional N‐glycosylation techniques, and the transformative advantages offered by radical‐based approaches. Specifically, it highlights recent advancements in radical‐mediated N‐glycosylation, including photoredox radical strategies, radical/ionic hybrid approaches, and metallaphotoredox catalysis, accompanied by a detailed discussion of the underlying mechanisms. Finally, the ongoing challenges and potential future directions of N‐glycoside synthesis using radical strategies are presented.
Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and the Courts: How England and Wales Could Benefit From Following an Australian Model
Authors: Hill Gabrielle , Gerry KC Felicity , Herlihen Paula , Allely Clare S. , Gilbert David J.
Published: January 2025

Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a set of symptoms and signs that may follow from exposure of the unborn child to alcohol during pregnancy. Characterised by cognitive and behavioural impairments, one secondary outcome from FASD, is encounters with the criminal justice system (CJS). In some countries, for example, England and Wales, it seems likely that many cases are missed at this point and, thus, courts are at risk of making unsafe judgements. We could learn a lot from countries where services are generally more used to dealing with FASD. Australia is one such country.
Vascular Healing After Biodegradable Polymer Sirolimus‐Eluting Versus Durable Polymer Everolimus‐Eluting Stents in Chronic Total Occlusions
Authors: Wang Geng , Li Yi , Lu Wen , Xu Yawei , Su Xi , Chen Shaoliang , Li Yang , Han Yaling ,   the TARGET CTO OCT substudy Investigators
Published: January 2025

Background

Biodegradable polymer stents may reduce the risk of neoatherosclerosis and stent thrombosis. Limited data is available for biodegradable polymer sirolimus‐eluting stent (BP‐SES) and durable polymer drug‐eluting stents (DP‐EES) in chronic total occlusions (CTO).

Aim

This study was to evaluate healing patterns of BP‐SES versus DP‐EES in CTO at 3 and 13 months based on optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods

The TARGET‐CTO study is a prospective, multicenter, randomized noninferiority controlled trial for BP‐SES compared to DP‐EES in CTO. In the current predefined subanalysis, 44 consecutive patients underwent OCT follow‐up at 3 and 13 months. The primary endpoint was mean neo‐intimal thickness at 3 months.

Results

At 3 months, mean neo‐intimal thickness was 47.6 ± 15.7 µm in BP‐SES and 62.5 ± 37.3 µm in DP‐EES (p = 0.384), meeting the noninferiority for BP‐SES (pnoninferiority < 0.001). Mean neo‐intimal thickness at 13 months was 76.4 ± 34.1 µm in BP‐SES and 106.6 ± 54.9 µm in DP‐EES (p = 0.086). No significant differences in strut coverage were observed at 3 or 13 months. At 13 months significantly higher percentages of frames with layered neo‐intima and neoatherosclerosis were observed in DP‐EES compared to BP‐SES (p = 0.015 and p = 0.021, respectively).

Conclusions

BP‐SES was noninferior to DP‐EES in terms of neo‐intimal thickness at 3 months and healing responses at 3‐month follow‐up were comparable. At 13 months, less advanced neoatherosclerosis patterns were observed in BP‐SES as compared to DP‐EES.
Selective Borylation of C(sp3)−H Bond of Methyl Ethers Catalyzed by Iron Complexes Bearing Anionic Benzene‐Based PCP‐Pincer Ligands
Authors: Kuriyama Shogo , Suga Yuto , Sakata Ken , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki
Published: January 2025

Highly selective catalytic C(sp3)−H borylation of methoxy groups has been achieved using newly synthesized iron complexes bearing benzene‐based PCP‐type pincer ligands as catalysts. Reactions of various aryl and alkyl methyl ethers as substrates with bis(pinacolato)diboron under mild reaction conditions proceeded to afford the corresponding methoxy borylated products in good to high yields. A successful example of the iron‐catalyzed C(sp3)−H borylation of a methylene group of tetrahydrofuran (THF) was also presented. A plausible reaction pathway is proposed based on the experimental result of some stoichiometric reactions and DFT calculations on a model reaction, where iron‐boryl and ‐alkyl complexes may work as key intermediates.
Exploring Divergent Role of Amine in Chemodivergent Synthesis of 4‐Alkyl/Aryl‐3H‐1,2‐Dithiole‐3‐Thione and Ketothioamide
Authors: Gupta Ankush , Gururaja Guddeangadi N.
Published: January 2025

The selective synthesis of 4‐alkyl/aryl‐3H‐1,2‐dithiole‐3‐thione in THF and water‐dependent switchable product ketothioamide is demonstrated. The presented method describes explicitly the synthesis of the extremely rare positional isomer 4‐alkyl/aryl‐3H‐1,2‐dithiole‐3‐thione, a unique structure distinct from another positional isomer, 5‐alkyl/aryl‐3H‐1,2‐dithiole‐3‐thione. The unique umpolung of the nitromethyl group is exploited for solvent‐selective nucleophilic sulfur and amine addition. The dual role of the ‐CBr3 moiety in the substrate as both a synthetic equivalent and an eliminating group is demonstrated.
Incorporation of Cages into Gels: Access to a New Class of Soft Materials with Well‐Defined Functionality
Authors: Zhao Jie , Zhang Yijie , Wang Zhe , Yang Dong
Published: January 2025

The combination of supramolecular self‐assemblies and polymer science has resulted in the development of soft materials with diverse properties and applications. In particular, the coordination cages of predefined shape, size, and internal cavity can be utilized intelligently as promising building units for designing responsive and smart soft materials with dual porosity, contributing to the introduction of versatile host‐guest chemistry into gels. In this review, we present the recent advancements in gels incorporating coordination cages into their networks, ranging from synthesis strategies to state‐of‐art applications. In particular, the host‐guest chemistry endows the hybrid gel materials with possibilities for guest‐specific responsive systems.
Improving the Long‐term Enantioselectivity of a Silicon‐Carbon Bond‐Forming Enzyme
Authors: Weber Annika J. , Moser Celine , Martini Maria Alessandra , Laß Franziska J. , Bleher Katharina , Muhle-Goll Claudia , Niemeyer Christof M. , Rabe Kersten S.
Published: January 2025

Enantioselectivity is a key advantage of enzymatic catalysis. Understanding the most important factors influencing enantioselectivity necessitates thorough investigation for each specific enzyme. In this study, we explore various approaches to optimize reaction conditions for organosilicon production using an immobilized Cytochrome C recently tailored via directed evolution. Over extended reactions, this enzyme experiences a loss of enantioselectivity. Mass spectrometry (MS) revealed covalent modifications on the enzyme, but mutating the respective amino acids did not restore enantioselectivity. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), along with a detailed comparison of the influence of reaction components such as cosolvents and reducing agents, indicated significant conformational changes in the presence of the diazo ester substrate. Additionally, we identified sodium ascorbate as a suitable and milder reducing agent compared to the previously used sodium dithionite, ensuring anaerobic conditions for silicon‐carbon bond formation. Ultimately, maintaining a high enzyme‐to‐substrate ratio in the reaction was found to be crucial for achieving high enantiomeric purity of the organosilicon product over four days in sequential, repetitive batch reactions, thus improving the previously established reaction system. The methods and findings presented here are particularly valuable for addressing enantioselectivity issues in other enzymes that operate with diazo compounds as the substrates in carbene‐transfer reactions.
Sodium‐Potassium Competition as a Tool for Chemoselective Cucurbit[n]uril‐Xenon Host–Guest Complexation in Imaging Applications
Authors: Dziubińska‐Kühn Katarzyna , Musabirova Guzel , Effertz Sophie , Matysik Jörg , Jolivet Renaud Blaise
Published: January 2025

Cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]) are a family of macromolecules, capable of encapsulating neutral or charged species. Due to their low toxicity, good solubility, and transport properties resulting from the structure forming the cage, they have gained popularity in imaging‐oriented studies. In vitro studies have shown that one of the guests compatible with the CB[n] hosts are Xe atoms, leading to high‐resolution 129Xe magnetic resonance signals in pulmonary medical imaging. This prompts the question of whether similar results could be achieved in vivo in other tissues and body fluids. Here, we demonstrate how the varying efficacy of Xe encapsulation by a CB[6] cage is governed by the Na+ : K+ molecular ratio in simulated body fluids. Moving from a high concentration of Na+ to an excess of K+ in the solution significantly increases Xe encapsulation by the macromolecules. This finding indicates chemoselectivity of cucurbit[6]uril host‐guest interactions. Since Na+ and K+ are the most abundant ions in human body fluids, our results provide a theoretical foundation for future liquid‐state in vivo Xe imaging in medical applications.
Construction of Porous Tetrazine‐Functionalized Networks: From Two‐ to Three‐Dimensional Counterparts with Tunable Properties
Authors: Suo Xian , Fan Juntian , Qiu Liqi , Li Meijia , Thapaliya Bishnu P. , Do‐Thanh Chi‐Linh , Lu Ziyang , Popovs Ilja , Mahurin Shannon M. , Yang Zhenzhen , Dai Sheng
Published: January 2025

Porous organic networks (PONs) linked by aza‐fused rings are extensively studied and demonstrated wide applications in diverse fields. It is a long‐term attractive and challenging subject to explore novel PONs functionalized by unexplored aza‐fused moieties. Herein, a series of tetrazine‐linked PONs (Tz‐PONs) were constructed from two‐dimensional to three‐dimensional counterparts with tunable properties. The reaction pathway composed of the amidrazone intermediates formation using multiply substituted aromatic nitrile monomers was catalyzed by zinc salts with Lewis super acidity in the presence of hydrazine, and the subsequent tetrazine formation was assisted by sodium nitrite solution. Textural property of the as‐constructed scaffolds could be tuned by the acidity of the zinc salts, as well as the organic solvents. As an initial assessment, those Tz‐PONs displayed different photo absorption behavior, which may influence the corresponding photocatalysis.
Pharmacokinetics of Depemokimab Delivered by Safety Syringe Device or Autoinjector in Healthy Adults: A Phase I, Single‐Dose Study
Authors: Schalkwijk Stein , Zecchin Chiara , Sen Anusmita , Choi Sei , Wang Kai , Min Jeff , Spears Brian
Published: January 2025

This Phase I, randomized, multicenter, open‐label, parallel‐group, single‐dose study assessed the relative bioavailability of the anti–interleukin‐5 antibody depemokimab (100 mg) when administered subcutaneously via either a safety syringe device (SSD) or an autoinjector (AI). Healthy adult participants were randomized I:I to SSD or AI treatment arms and I:I:I to the injection site (upper arm, abdomen, or thigh). Participants were followed up for 30 weeks; blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic (PK) assessment before dosing on Day 1 and up to Week 26. Depemokimab concentration profile as measured by plasma maximum concentration (Cmax), the area under the concentration–time curve from time zero extrapolated to infinity (AUC0‐inf), PK parameters, immunogenicity, and safety were assessed. Overall, 140 participants were enrolled (n = 70 per arm). Mean plasma concentration‐time profiles of depemokimab were similar in both treatment arms, regardless of the injection site, adjusted geometric mean AI:SSD ratios for Cmax and AUC0‐inf were 1.03 and 1.03, respectively, with all 90% confidence intervals within the bioequivalence bounds of 0.80–1.25. PK parameters were comparable across treatment arms. Treatment‐related adverse events were reported in 19% of SSD and 20% of AI participants, with headache being the most common across both arms; no adverse events led to study withdrawal. These results support the use of either SSD or AI for subcutaneous administration of depemokimab.
Noble‐Metal‐Free ZnII‐Anchored Pyrene‐Based Covalent Organic Framework (COF) for Photocatalytic Fixation of CO2 from Dilute Gas into Bioactive 2‐Oxazolidinones
Authors: Kishan Ram , Rani Pooja , Duhan Nidhi , Dhilip Kumar T. J. , Nagaraja C. M.
Published: January 2025

Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into value‐added chemicals offers a propitious alternative to traditional thermal methods, contributing to environmental remediation and energy sustainability. In this respect, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), are crystalline porous materials showcasing remarkable efficacy in CO2 fixation facilitated by visible light owing to their excellent photochemical properties. Herein, we employed Lewis acidic Zn(II) anchored pyrene‐based COF (Zn(II)@Pybp‐COF) to facilitate the photocatalytic CO2 utilization and transformation to 2‐oxazolidinones. Notably, Zn‐COF displayed absorption of visible light, with an optimal band gap of 1.8 eV, effectively catalyzing light‐mediated functionalization of propargylic amines to 2‐oxazolidinones under green conditions. Detailed experimental and theoretical mechanistic investigations demonstrated that light plays a decisive role in enhancing the efficacy of the photocatalyst, as it activates inert CO2 molecule to radical anion and hence, decreases the energy barrier for its subsequent cyclization reaction with propargylic amine. Additionally, Zn‐COF demonstrates promising catalytic performance utilizing dilute gas as the CO2 source. This is the first report regarding noble metal‐free, Zn‐COF exhibiting excellent photocatalytic carboxylative cyclization of CO2 with propargyl amines to prepare 2‐oxazolidinones using dilute gas (13 % CO2). This study offers a new direction for rationally constructing noble metal‐free eco‐friendly photocatalyst for achieving CO2 fixation reactions under eco‐friendly conditions.
The Potential of Cyperus rotundus L. As a Natural Hair Removal Agent: A Review of Traditional and Modern Applications
Authors: Mohammed Ghada Farouk , Al‐Dhubaibi Mohammed Saleh , Bahaj Saleh Salem , AbdElneam Ahmed Ibrahim , Al‐Dhubaibi Ahmed Mohammed , Atef Lina Mohammed
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Hair removal is a fundamental aspect of daily life, with various hair removal methods evolving throughout hair removal history to meet cultural, aesthetic, and spiritual needs. Traditional hair removal practices have long sought effective hair removal products that not only remove hair but also promote skin health. Cyperus rotundus L. (Cr L.), known as nut grass or purple nut sedge, has long been used in traditional medicinal systems like Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for treating various ailments, including skin conditions and depilation.

Aim

To understand the role of Cr L. in decreasing hair growth.

Results

Cr L. contains essential oils (EOs) and phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins, which contribute to its hair‐removal properties. These compounds target hair follicles, dissolve keratin, and inhibit hair regrowth by modulating biological pathways. γ‐curcumene, a key component, has been shown to suppress hair growth. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of Cyperus rotundus EO (CREO) in reducing hair growth, with minimal side effects. CREO has been found as effective as Alexandrite laser treatments in some cases, particularly in reducing white hair. This positions Cr L. as a promising natural alternative to chemical depilatories, which often cause skin irritation.

Conclusion

Cr L. shows significant potential as a natural hair removal agent. With its strong safety profile and growing consumer demand for natural, sustainable beauty products, Cr L. could serve as a viable alternative to synthetic depilatories, pending further clinical validation.
From Play Date to Stress Fate: Juvenile Social Play Rescues Stress‐Induced Changes in Adult Social Behavior
Authors: Whitten Conner J. , Kelly Jeffrey R. , Gillespie Alex L. , Brooks Heather J. B. , Hooker Mackenzie K. , Temple Anna R. , Hennon Leila M. , Kilgore Benjamin J. , Singamaneni Yaswanth B. , Schulz Kalynn M. , Burghardt Gordon M. , Cooper Matthew A.
Published: January 2025

Long‐term effects of social play on neural and behavioral development remain unclear. We investigated whether just 1 h of juvenile social play could rescue the effects of play deprivation on stress‐related behavior and markers of neural plasticity. Syrian hamsters were reared from postnatal days 21–43 in three conditions: peer isolation, peer isolation with daily social play sessions (dyadic play), or group‐housed with littermates. In adulthood, subjects were exposed to acute social defeat stress, and we examined changes in perineuronal net (PNN) expression surrounding parvalbumin (PV) neurons in the prelimbic (PL), infralimbic (IL), and basolateral amygdala (BLA). Peer deprivation led to exaggerated submissive and defensive behavior in a conditioned defeat test, but 1 h of dyadic play rescued the heightened conditioned defeat response in both males and females. In females, play deprivation reduced PNN/PV coexpression in the PL and IL compared to control groups with opportunities for social play. Males exposed to peer isolation showed elevated agonistic behavior when returned to their littermates compared to males exposed to 1‐h play encounters. These findings indicate juvenile social play has long‐lasting effects on PNN expression surrounding PV cells in the medial prefrontal cortex, which allows for the development of species’ typical agonistic behavior and greater stress resistance in adulthood. The ability of just 1 h of social play to rescue the effects of peer isolation highlights the powerful role of social interactions in neural and behavioral development.
Potential Distribution Prediction of Terminalia chebula Retz. in China Under Current and Future Climate Scenarios
Authors: Dong Zhang‐Hong , Jiang Hua , Zhang Wei , Wu Jianhua , Yang Yanping , Yang Taoming , Zhao Jiangping , Luo Cunzhen , Yang Xiaoxia , Li Guilin
Published: January 2025

Climate change in the future could potentially expand, shrink, or alter the habitats of numerous species, leading to changes in their spatial distributions. Predicting suitable areas for cultivating medicinal plants through modeling has become an effective tool for assessing site suitability and conserving medicinal plant resources. Utilizing GIS and MaxEnt model, we predicted the spatial distribution of Terminalia chebula Retz. in China for the current and for the future (2050s and 2070s) under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 representative concentration pathways. In this study, we utilized 73 occurrence records and incorporated eight environmental factors from WorldClim for the modeling process. The findings revealed that the evaluation of the model's performance was based on the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC). All AUC values exceeded 0.9, classifying these models as “Excellent.” Additionally, the jackknife test analysis revealed that the main influential variables were bio11 and bio4. Under the present climate conditions, the estimated total suitable habitat for T. chebula is approximately 29.14 × 104 km2, representing around 2.78% of China's total land area. Within these suitable regions, high suitability, medium suitability, and low suitability areas make up 0.39%, 0.54%, and 1.85% of the total area, respectively. According to future climate, the potential growth range of T. chebula is expected to expand due to climate variability, showing a significant pattern of expansion towards the north and east within China. In the 2050s and 2070s, the total area of regions with high suitability, medium suitability, and low suitability under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 will increase compared to the current distribution. This study will provide theoretical suggestions for preservation, management, and sustainable utilization of T. chebula resources.
Feeding Habits of Leopards and Leopard Cats in the Fragmented Forests Surrounding the Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Manandhar Prajwol , Pereira Keren S. , Kusi Naresh , Joshi Jyoti , Levin Noam , Chaudhary Hemanta K. , Wultsch Claudia , Lamichhane Sandesh , Bhandari Suman , Guragain Laba , Rajbhandari Rajesh M. , Rensburg Berndt J. V. , Kark Salit , Karmacharya Dibesh
Published: January 2025

Large‐scale anthropogenic developments in the metropolitan areas of Nepal and the rural to urban influx of people have exacerbated human–wildlife conflicts across human‐altered landscapes of Nepal. The Kathmandu Valley has experienced large‐scale urbanization and has subsequently witnessed substantial incidents of human–wildlife conflicts given the increasing levels of human encroachment into remnant wildlife habitats. Here, we applied DNA metabarcoding in combination with geospatial analysis to study the feeding ecology of two urban carnivores, the leopard (Panthera pardus) and the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), in the forests surrounding the Kathmandu Valley and to check whether the leopards' predation on domestic animals contributes to human‐leopard conflict in this region and to obtain a baseline data on the dietary habits of the poorly studied leopard cat. We found that leopards were highly dependent on domestic animals in areas dominated by human‐use activities (agricultural and built‐up areas), whereas leopard cats mostly predated on wild rodents. Through our work, we highlight the importance of domestic prey in the diets of urban carnivores like leopards and demonstrate the influence human‐induced habitat disturbance has on the ecology of local wildlife. This study generates critical information which will help to inform conflict mitigation strategies and conservation planning for the two carnivore species, in addition to identifying areas within the region that are susceptible to human–wildlife conflicts.
Cannabinoids for Acute Postoperative Pain Management: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Clinical Trials
Authors: González Cárdenas Víctor Hugo , Valdivieso Díaz Mariafernanda , Mateus Almeciga Carlos Felipe , Echeverry Carrillo Juan Carlos , López Trujillo Juan Carlos , Hernández Arenas Angela Rocío , Paternina Rojas Jorge Luis
Published: January 2025

Background

Poor acute postoperative pain control, coupled with the use of intravenous medications with a limited and unsafety efficacy spectrum, has led to new therapeutic alternative explorations to reduce adverse events while increasing its analgesic efficacy. There cannabinoids have been proposed as a useful control agent in post‐surgical pain. Nevertheless, to date, there is no solid evidence to evaluate them. The current article sought to determine cannabinoids' effectiveness and safety in the aforementioned context.

Methods

A systematic review of controlled clinical trials evaluated the efficacy and safety of cannabinoids for the treatment of acute postoperative pain. The study was structured under the Cochrane recommendations. Primary outcomes included: pain intensity reduction, the number and doses of rescue analgesics and adverse events.

Results

Of 62 articles found, only five were included. Four of them presented high inter‐observer agreement and 60% were classified as having a low risk of bias. When evaluating the objectives of each article, a disparity was found in the investigative methods and terms implemented. Due to the heterogeneity of methods, it was not possible to carry out meta‐analytic evaluations and only qualitative evaluations were feasible.

Conclusions

Despite finding contradictory evidence in relation to the analgesic cannabis effect in the postoperative context, methodological disparities found in the included articles and the impossibility of performing collective quantitative analyses were more significant. Before concluding with the well‐known sentence: “further intervention studies are necessary”, this report has identified limitations and has proposed recommendations for the planning and execution of future cannabis clinical trials, which will support new and necessary evidence for stronger meta‐analytic reviews.

Significance

The management of severe pain after surgery, and the use of intravenous drugs with limited and potentially unsafe effectiveness, has led to the exploration of new treatment options to minimize side effects while improving pain relief. Cannabinoids have been suggested as a potential solution for managing post‐surgical pain, but there is currently insufficient evidence to assess their effectiveness. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of cannabinoids in this context.
Fatalism, Evolution, and Interpersonal Attractiveness: Psychological Theories and Emotions in Incels' Constructions of Ingroup Identity and Outgroup Hate
Authors: Pettersson Katarina , Marveggio Mark Daniel , Callaghan Peta , Augoustinos Martha
Published: January 2025

The online communities of involuntary celibates, or incels, have garnered increased attention for their extreme misogyny and links to violent attacks against women. However, little is known about how (pseudo‐)psychological theories are used among the incel community to construct their identities and justify a worldview that centres on hatred against women. This study uses a critical discursive psychological approach to examine identity constructions in discussions on the so‐called blackpill worldview within the online community incels.is. Our analysis of more than 1000 discussion threads written in 2020 reveals three distinct incel identities: incels as victimised martyrs, incels as aggrieved masculine actors, and a divided identity negotiating the boundaries of ‘pure’ and ‘impure’ inceldom. These identities are constructed through psychological notions, specifically, fatalism, ‘just‐world’ beliefs, evolutionary psychology, eugenics and theories of interpersonal attraction—that serve as interpretative repertoires expressed through a plethora of rhetorical strategies and affective–discursive practices. The study highlights the importance of understanding how psychological concepts are appropriated in the construction of ingroup identities and justifications of outgroup hate within misogynist online communities.
Key Technologies for Horizontal Well Development in Deep Tight Sandstone Reservoirs
Authors: Guan Yiting , Cheng Xin , Chen Xiaoyang
Published: January 2025

Deep tight sandstone oil and gas reservoirs are exerting an increasingly crucial role in the augmentation of fossil energy reserves and the provision of energy. On account of the intricate geological conditions and the deficiency of a comprehensive set of exploration and development engineering technologies as well as supporting processes, the present development of deep tight sandstone oil and gas reservoirs remains in its nascent stage. Through the analysis and generalization of the horizontal well development technology for deep tight sandstone oil and gas reservoirs, a series of technologies have been established, encompassing reservoir geological evaluation and modeling, horizontal well development reservoir engineering validation, horizontal well geological design, and enhanced oil recovery processes. By taking the C 6 reservoir in Ordos basin, China as the research subject, in light of the research outcomes regarding the damage mechanisms and potential damage factors of tight sandstone oil and gas reservoirs, a geological evaluation approach based on the well log response characteristics was constructed, clarifying the porosity and permeability features of the C 6 reservoir, establishing the numerical model of the oil reservoir, and further elaborating the methods for dividing the development layers, selecting the development well pattern, and determining the development well density. The design parameters of horizontal well‐segmented hydraulic fracturing were meticulously optimized, resulting in a minimum cluster spacing of 7 m and a maximum cluster spacing of 20 m. Given the influence of horizontal stress differences, the optimum fracturing density was ascertained to be 16 perforations per meter, and the optimal fracturing fluid volume was identified through simulation to range from 12 to 25 m3/m. The crucial technologies for the development of tight sandstone oil and gas reservoirs in horizontal wells have been clearly identified, offering theoretical direction for the efficient exploitation of deep tight sandstone oil and gas reservoirs.
Erosion rates for forest roads in the Gorce and Western Tatra Mountains in southern Poland
Authors: Fidelus‐Orzechowska Joanna , Wałdykowski Piotr , Chrobak‐Žuffová Anna , Krzemień Kazimierz , Sosnowska Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

The activity of natural processes in mountain areas is particularly high in zones without permanent vegetation cover. The main aim of the research was to determine the rate of erosion on selected sections of forest roads in the Tatra Mountains and the Gorce Mountains. The research consisted of geomorphological mapping and cyclic comparative measurements within 23 cross‐sections, as well as a comparison of the average annual erosion value obtained based on the WEPP:Road model. The research has shown that the average rate of road erosion in the Tatra Mountains ranged from −4.3 to −1.4 cm year−1. In the Gorce Mountains, the value range was −1.7 to −0.7 cm year−1. The annual erosion for the analysed roads projected by the WEPP:Road model was 29 and 47.4 Mg ha−1 year−1 for roadbeds located in the Western Tatra Mountains while for the Gorce Mountains amounted to 11.4 and 110.5 Mg ha−1 year−1. The projected erosion values increased by an average of 55% when including the width of the road cut slopes. The research has shown that there is a significant difference between the studied forest roads in the Gorce and the Tatra Mountains and that the intensity of road use has the greatest impact on the amount of erosion.
RetroFun‐RVS: A Retrospective Family‐Based Framework for Rare Variant Analysis Incorporating Functional Annotations
Authors: Mangnier Loïc , Ruczinski Ingo , Ricard Jasmin , Moreau Claudia , Girard Simon , Maziade Michel , Bureau Alexandre
Published: January 2025

A large proportion of genetic variations involved in complex diseases are rare and located within noncoding regions, making the interpretation of underlying biological mechanisms a daunting task. Although technical and methodological progress has been made to annotate the genome, current disease‐rare‐variant association tests incorporating such annotations suffer from two major limitations. First, they are generally restricted to case−control designs of unrelated individuals, which often require tens or hundreds of thousands of individuals to achieve sufficient power. Second, they were not evaluated with region‐based annotations needed to interpret the causal regulatory mechanisms. In this work, we propose RetroFun‐RVS, a new retrospective family‐based score test, incorporating functional annotations. A critical feature of the proposed method is to aggregate genotypes to compare against rare variant‐sharing expectations among affected family members. Through extensive simulations, we have demonstrated that RetroFun‐RVS integrating networks based on 3D genome contacts as functional annotations reach greater power over the region‐wide test, other strategies to include subregions and competing methods. Also, the proposed framework shows robustness to non‐informative annotations, maintaining its power when causal variants are spread across regions. Asymptotic p‐values are susceptible to Type I error inflation when the number of families with rare variants is small, and a bootstrap procedure is recommended in these instances. Application of RetroFun‐RVS is illustrated on whole genome sequence in the Eastern Quebec Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Kindred Study with networks constructed from 3D contacts and epigenetic data on neurons. In summary, the integration of functional annotations corresponding to regions or networks with transcriptional impacts in rare variant tests appears promising to highlight regulatory mechanisms involved in complex diseases.
Digital Platforms Boundary Resource: A Third‐Party Developers Strategy for Digital Start‐Ups and Market Penetration in Nigeria
Authors: Ajah Emmanuel Okoro
Published: January 2025

Third‐party application developers are increasingly using platform‐based business models to enter new markets and create economic value. While prior research has mostly examined the design and architecture of digital platforms, less attention has been given to digital platform boundary resources as an entrepreneurship strategy. The boundary resources of a digital platform significantly impact third‐party developers' motivation to engage in digital entrepreneurship. Consequently, scholars need to carefully investigate the affordances of the boundary resources that influence third‐party developers to create complementary applications as products for entrepreneurial endeavors. To address this gap, the researcher formulated two research questions and conducted an inductive case study to explore the perspectives and views of third‐party application developers in technology hubs within Nigeria's digital start‐up ecosystem. Nigeria has a large youth population with a strong digital potential (i.e., tech‐savvy) and is confronted with uncertainties, limited resources, and complexities. Furthermore, the study is grounded in the technological affordance theory, which guides the researcher's interpretation. The study's findings uncovered the digital platform's boundary resource affordances that play a strategic role in influencing third‐party developers' participation in digital entrepreneurship.
Cutting Through Stigma: Suggested Best Practices for a Harm Reduction Approach to Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury
Authors: Lundeen Lindsay A. , Kern Popejoy Erin
Published: January 2025

For many counselors, both topics of nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and harm reduction practices can feel intimidating and unclear. Yet, depending on the client, discussion of complete and immediate cessation from NSSI can feel impossible and isolating. This article combines harm reduction principles, a concept initially developed for addiction treatment, with select existing recommendations for NSSI treatment to offer a clinician's guide to best practices for harm reduction implementation with clients engaging in NSSI. By meeting clients where they are and offering a supportive space to brainstorm nontraditional treatment options, counselors can maintain the core principles of the American Counseling Association's Code of Ethics and limit the number of individuals who seek help through online sources. Ethical considerations and implications for counseling are included.
Informative Value of Non‐Financial Reports: Analyzing the Impact of Disclosure Format and Auditing
Authors: Hirsch Simon , Heichl Veronika
Published: January 2025

Since the Non‐Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD) came into force in 2017, large, listed companies in the European Union (EU) are obliged to disclose non‐financial reports annually. Accordingly, Member States transposed the Directive into national law with country‐specific rules. Thus far, quantifying the informational content has proven to be difficult. Therefore, we applied an innovative text‐mining approach to assess the informative value of non‐financial reports and its influential determinants, the so‐called Sustainable Fingerprint. This method measures how precisely environmental, social, and governance (ESG) topics and time references are disclosed in non‐financial reports. The aim of our paper is to analyze the informative value of non‐financial reports from companies in the main stock indices of France, Germany, Italy, and Sweden after the national NFRD implementation. Our results show that incorporating the non‐financial report in the annual report and the audit committee expertise (ACE) are positively related to the informative value, whereas external assurance has no significant impact.
The Value of Lacrimal Gland Ultrasonography and Shear Wave Elastography in the Evaluation of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Zhong Wenxing , Zhang Hua , Ran Haitao
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study evaluates the effectiveness of lacrimal gland ultrasonography (LGUS) and shear wave elastography (SWE) in distinguishing primary Sjögren's syndrome (PSS) patients from healthy controls and examines their role in assessing disease activity and prognosis.

Methods

A total of 35 PSS patients and 23 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls were included. LGUS was used to grade lacrimal gland structure, while SWE assessed gland elasticity. Disease activity and prognosis were evaluated using european league against rheumatism sjögren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI) and serologic markers.

Results

Compared with healthy controls, LGUS, Emean, and shear wave velocity (SWV) were significantly higher in PSS patients. The optimal cut‐off value of LGUS for diagnosis of PSS was 2 (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.832, sensitivity: 80.0%, specificity: 69.6%), the optimal thresholds for diagnosis of PSS using Emean and SWV values are 9.4 kPa (AUC: 0.768, sensitivity: 65.7%, specificity: 82.6%) and 1.7 m/s (AUC: 0.823, sensitivity: 71.4%, specificity: 91.3%), respectively. There are statistical differences in Emean and SWV between subgroups based on european league against rheumatism sjögren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI); there are statistical differences in LGUS, Emean, and SWV between subgroups based on IgG levels and complement titers.

Conclusion

LGUS and SWE are accurate, noninvasive diagnostic tools for PSS and may serve as indicators of disease activity and prognosis.
Photochemically Activated Microbubble Emulsion, Nd: Yap Laser, and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles as Canal Disinfectants on Push‐Out Bond Strength of Sealer to Root Dentin, Smear Layer, and Antibacterial Efficacy
Authors: Alotaibi Badi , Gaafar Sarah Salah , Aljuailan Roqayah , Alawadhi Heba Lutf Ahmed , Alsalhi Hanin , Alharbi Hanan , Alfaraidy Renad Sultan , Smran Ahlam Ahmed Ali , Niazi Fayez Hussain
Published: January 2025

Effect of different root canal irrigation regimes microbubble emulsion (MBE) via riboflavin photosensitizer (RFP), cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs), and Nd: YAP laser on antibacterial efficiency, microhardness (MH), smear layer (SL) removal efficacy, and push‐out bond strength (PBS) of AH plus sealer to canal dentin. Sixty single‐rooted teeth were selected, disinfected, and categorized into four groups based on the type of disinfection. Following disinfection, a pair of samples were randomly selected and visualized under scanning electron microscope (SEM) for SL evaluation. Three samples from each disinfection group were mounted on a Vickers MH tester for hardness testing. A brain–heart infusion (BHI) agar plate was inoculated with a single colony of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), and their survival rate was measured following different disinfecting regimes. The remaining samples were filled with gutta‐percha (GP) and sectioned to evaluate PBS via universal testing machine (UTM), followed by failure analysis. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test. The survival rate of E. faecalis was lowest for Group 3 (0.11 CFU/mL) with the highest MH values (49.72 ± 1.02 N/mm2). The PBS was highest for Group 3 cervical (11.54 ± 0.49 MPa) and middle third (11.12 ± 0.50 MPa). SL removal efficacy was comparable in groups 3 and 4 at the coronal and middle third. The application of CeO2NPs as a canal irrigant in conjunction with EDTA resulted in enhanced bond values, demonstrating superior SL removal capabilities. This type of disinfection notably enhances the MH of canal dentin while demonstrating significant sterilization efficacy against E. faecalis.
Mineralized tissue loss at the femoral ACL enthesis in young male ACL‐injured patients
Authors: Beaulieu Mélanie L. , Wang Yuchen , Schlecht Stephen H. , Ashton‐Miller James A. , Wojtys Edward M.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction graft failure remains a significant health concern in young patients. Despite the high incidence of poor graft integration in these patients and the resulting high failure rate, little consideration has been given to the quality of the bone into which the graft is anchored at reconstruction. Therefore, we investigated post ACL injury mineralized tissue changes in the ACL femoral entheses of young males and compared them to changes previously reported for young females.

Methods

ACL femoral entheses and adjacent bone specimens were harvested from the injured knees of 51 young males during primary ACL reconstructive surgery and from 10 non‐injured male cadaveric donors. The specimens were imaged via nano‐computed tomography and analyzed for volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and architectural changes.

Results

Male femoral ACL explant specimens had significantly lower cortical vBMD (p < 0.001), lower relative bone volume (BV/TV, p = 0.027) and greater cortical bone porosity (Ct.Po, p = 0.027) but similar trabecular bone parameters (p's > 0.05) to those of control specimens from male cadaveric donors. Cortical and trabecular bone loss increased significantly with time from ACL injury to reconstructive surgery (p's < 0.05). While cortical loss occurred in both males and females, significant trabecular loss occurred only in females (p = 0.009).

Conclusion

Femoral entheseal bone loss occurs in males following ACL injury. This bone loss increases with time following ACL injury, with cortical bone loss occurring sooner after injury than trabecular bone loss. The effects of ACL injury and time from injury to surgery on trabecular bone microarchitecture differed between male and female patients.

Level of Evidence

N/A.
Behavioral Cetology in the 19th Century: Thomas Beale, Henry Cheever, Thomas Southwell and Their Role in Awakening a Cetacean Protection Consciousness
Authors: d'Isa Raffaele , Abramson Charles I.
Published: January 2025

Although naturalists have devoted attention to cetaceans since Antiquity, it was only in the 19th century that cetology underwent a true explosion. Three key cetological works of this period are The Natural History of the Sperm Whale (1839) by Thomas Beale, The Whaleman's Adventures in the Southern Ocean (1850) by Henry Cheever and The Seals and Whales of the British Seas (1881) by Thomas Southwell. Importantly, these three works did not only represent fundamental compendia of scientific knowledge of cetaceans, but also had a crucial role in awakening a cetacean protection consciousness. Indeed, by describing in detail the behavior and psychology of these animals, these works depicted cetaceans as capable of cognition and emotions, facilitating empathy from the readers and challenging the general audience to consider critical issues connected to whale hunting, such as animal suffering and species extinction. From a behavioral point of view, Beale and Cheever, among the first naturalists that had direct experiences with living whales, refuted the previous dominant view of the whale based on the monothematic stereotype of the “bloodthirsty” “monster of the deep,” and described instead a more complete and scientifically accurate ethogram of whales, underscoring how these animals actually express a wide range of complex emotions, including joy, playfulness, maternal affection, filial affection, social affection to non‐kins, defensive attitudes towards conspecifics in danger and succorant attitudes towards injured members of their pod. Moreover, these three works are milestones not only in the history of behavioral biology, but also in the history of environmentalism. Indeed, these works innovatively started presenting the whales object of hunting as sentient victims undergoing great sufferings and mass‐slaughter, rather than as mere monsters to defeat. This new view of the whale represented the first step of a change of attitude in the public opinion, that, over the course of the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, progressively shifted its sympathy from the whale hunters to the whales, leading to the rise of cetacean protection movements. We here analyze these three works, underlining in particular their contributions to behavioral cetology. The rediscovery of these works will be important not only for cetology and behavioral sciences, but also for history of science, anthropology, ethics, animal rights, and ecocriticism.