bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological research and practice in former Yugoslavia and its successors
Authors: Pajić Dejan , Biro Mikloš
Published: September 2022

This paper presents a brief history of Yugoslav psychology and a review of the current state of psychological research and practice in the former Yugoslav countries. Bibliometric mapping was used to explore the knowledge domain and international visibility of psychological research in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia. Judging by the number of papers visible in Scopus, psychological research activity in these countries is similar to the other former communist countries. In a relative sense, it is even higher in Slovenia and Croatia. However, psychologists still rely heavily on national journals indexed in Scopus when publishing their papers. Regarding psychological practice, former Yugoslav countries are facing challenges that are more or less typical for all small countries in the global scientific and economic market. Keeping in mind all the obstacles and traumas in the past decades, it should be considered a success that psychology in the former Yugoslav countries is now a fully established profession and a recognized scientific discipline.
HIV and suicide risk across adolescence and young adulthood: an examination of socio‐demographic, contextual and psychosocial risk factors for attempted suicide in a longitudinal cohort of ageing adolescents affected by HIV living in the New York City Area
Authors: Kreniske Philip , Morrison Corey , Spencer Bailey Holmes , Levine Alina , Liotta Lucy , Fisher Prudence W. , Nguyen Nadia , Robbins Reuben N. , Dolezal Curtis , Kluisza Luke , Wiznia Andrew , Abrams Elaine J. , Mellins Claude A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

As children become adolescents and young adults (AYA), their risk for attempting suicide increases dramatically, with chronic health conditions an important risk factor. This study examined correlates of suicidality across development in AYA living with perinatally acquired HIV (AYALPHIV) and those perinatally HIV‐exposed but uninfected (AYAPHEU).

Methods

Data come from an ongoing longitudinal New York City‐based study (N= 339) with AYALPHIV and AYAPHEU interviewed every 12–18 months from 2003 to 2019 (mean enrolment age = 12 years; current mean age = 27 years). The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (adolescent or young adult version) assessed psychiatric disorders and first‐reported suicide attempt. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine associations between first‐reported suicide attempt and socio‐demographic, contextual and psychosocial correlates measured concurrently across six timepoints.

Results

At enrolment, 51% of participants were female, 72% heterosexual, 60% Black and 50% Latinx. Attempted suicide was significantly higher among AYALPHIV (27%, CI 21–33%) compared to AYAPHEU (16%, CI 10–22%), with an OR of 1.74 (CI 1.04–2.92) in a model adjusting for age. For AYALPHIV, anxiety (OR 2.66, CI 1.46–4.85), mood (OR 3.62, CI 1.49–8.81) and behaviour disorders (OR 5.05, CI 2.15–11.87) and past‐year arrest (OR 3.05, CI 1.26–7.4), negative life events (OR 1.27, CI 1.11–1.46), city stress (OR 2.28, CI 1.46–3.57), pregnancy (OR 2.28, CI 1.08–4.81) and HIV stigma (OR 2.46, CI 1.27–4.75) were associated with increased odds of attempted suicide, while identifying as heterosexual (OR 0.27, CI 0.14–0.52), higher personal (OR 0.45, CI 0.26–0.80) and family self‐concept (OR 0.36, CI 0.22–0.57) were protective. Interactions by HIV status and age were found: substance use was more strongly associated with attempted suicide among AYAPHEU than AYALPHIV, while negative life events and higher religiosity were more strongly associated with increased odds of attempted suicide among AYA ≥ 19 versus ≤ 18 years.

Conclusions

AYALPHIV compared to AYAPHEU faced unique risks for attempted suicide as they age into adulthood, with the highest risk among AYALPHIV experiencing HIV stigma or pregnancy and the highest risk among AYAPHEU with substance use. Assessing for suicide risk and correlates with attention to ageing can inform preventive interventions tailored to meet AYALPHIV and AYAPHEU needs.
Intraoperative frozen section analysis of margin status as a quality indicator in gastric cancer surgery
Authors: Watanabe Akie , Adamson Hannah , Lim Howard , McFadden Andrew F. , McConnell Yarrow J. , Hamilton Trevor D.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Positive pathologic margins following gastric cancer (GC) resection carries a poor prognosis. We evaluated intraoperative frozen section (IFS) analysis of resection margins (RMs) as a quality indicator in GC surgery.

Methods

Patients referred to a provincial cancer agency with surgically resected non‐metastatic GC between 2004 and 2012 were included. Associations between IFS analysis, other baseline characteristics, RMs, and overall survival (OS) were assessed using logistic regression, Kaplan−Meier analyses, and Cox proportional hazards modeling.

Results

Among 377 patients, median age was 67 years, 68% were male, and 16% had +RMs. Thirty‐four percent of patients underwent IFS analysis, which protected against +RMs (odds ratio [OR]: 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16−0.73, p = 0.006) and improved OS (hazards ratio [HR]: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54−0.98, p = 0.037). OS following re‐resection of IFS positive patients was similar to IFS negative patients (69 vs. 54 months, p = 0.317). Stage III disease (OR: 12.8, 95% CI: 3.00−55.0, p = 0.001) and gastroesophageal junction tumors (OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.05−4.78, p = 0.036) predicted +RMs. Stage III disease led to worse OS (HR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.92−4.34, p < 0.001) while intestinal histology improved OS (HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.50−0.90, p = 0.007).

Conclusions

IFS analysis reduce +RMs and improve OS and should be incorporated in curative intent GC surgery for patients with locally advanced GC.
The impact of race/ethnicity on pancreaticoduodenectomy outcomes for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Alwatari Yahya , Mosquera Catalina M. , Khoraki Jad , Rustom Salem , Wall Natalie , Sevdalis Athanasios E. , Stover Weston , Trevino Jose G. , Kaplan Brian
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To investigate the impact of race/ethnicity on surgical outcomes following pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for adenocarcinoma in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database from 2014 to 2019. Patient and tumor characteristics and 30‐day postoperative outcomes were compared. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were conducted to investigate the relationship between race/ethnicity and surgical outcomes.

Results

Six thousand five hundred and sixty‐two patients were included (84.5% White, 7.9% Black, 3% Hispanic, 4.6% Asian). Larger proportions of Blacks had preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3 or 4. There were no significant differences in tumor characteristics or operative techniques. A smaller proportion of Asians and Hispanics received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation than Blacks and Whites. Relative to White, the Black race was independently associated with postoperative sepsis and reoperation. Both Black and Hispanic race/ethnicity were associated with prolonged intubation and delayed gastric emptying, and minorities races/ethnicities were associated with longer length of hospital stay. Relative to White, Hispanic, and Asian race/ethnicity were independently associated with a lower likelihood of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) receipt.

Conclusion

In ACS‐NSQIP participating hospitals, non‐White race/ethnicity was independently associated with adverse outcomes after pancreatic cancer resection. A possible disparity in NAT receipt may exist in Asian and Hispanic patients undergoing surgical resection.
Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis: Quality of Life Data from an International Patient Registry
Authors: So Raymond J. , McClellan Kim , Best Simon R.
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Quality of life studies in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) have traditionally relied upon clinician‐designed survey instruments. This study's objective is to report quality of life outcomes from a patient‐designed questionnaire.

Methods

Patients who provided health information and completed a quality of life questionnaire were identified from the RRPF‐CoRDS patient registry. Demographic, clinical, and quality of life measures were collected. Means and standard deviations were calculated for continuous data, and frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical data. Outcomes for patients with juvenile‐onset RRP (JORRP) and adult‐onset RRP (AORRP) were compared using Student's t‐tests for continuous data and χ2 analyses for categorical data.

Results

Seventy‐three patients with RRP were identified (JORRP: 32; AORRP: 41). Common clinical symptoms included raspy voice (78.1%) and dyspnea (61.6%). The majority (97.3%) of patients reported feeling debilitated by their diagnosis, and 94.5% of patients reported avoiding participation in career and/or social activities due to their voice quality. Due to their RRP, 65.7% reported missing at least five work days each month. Social anxiety was reported in 79.5% of patients, though only 28.8% of the cohort reported utilizing mental health services. The median (range) lifetime number of surgeries received was 20 (1 ‐ 300). Most patients (57.5%) reported paying at least 5% of their annual income towards RRP‐related medical care.

Conclusion

RRP presents high mental and fiscal burden. Our results highlight data from a quality of life questionnaire designed by RRP patients, and may help to elucidate potential disconnects between what clinicians and RRP patients consider most impactful.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:1919–1926, 2023
Recent Advances in 3D Printing of Photocurable Polymers: Types, Mechanism, and Tissue Engineering Application
Authors: Randhawa Aayushi , Dutta Sayan Deb , Ganguly Keya , Patel Dinesh K. , Patil Tejal V. , Lim Ki‐Taek
Published: September 2022

The conversion of liquid resin into solid structures upon exposure to light of a specific wavelength is known as photopolymerization. In recent years, photopolymerization‐based 3D printing has gained enormous attention for constructing complex tissue‐specific constructs. Due to the economic and environmental benefits of the biopolymers employed, photo‐curable 3D printing is considered an alternative method for replacing damaged tissues. However, the lack of suitable bio‐based photopolymers, their characterization, effective crosslinking strategies, and optimal printing conditions are hindering the extensive application of 3D printed materials in the global market. This review highlights the present status of various photopolymers, their synthesis, and their optimization parameters for biomedical applications. Moreover, a glimpse of various photopolymerization techniques currently employed for 3D printing is also discussed. Furthermore, various naturally derived nanomaterials reinforced polymerization and their influence on printability and shape fidelity are also reviewed. Finally, the ultimate use of those photopolymerized hydrogel scaffolds in tissue engineering is also discussed. Taken together, it is believed that photopolymerized 3D printing has a great future, whereas conventional 3D printing requires considerable sophistication, and this review can provide readers with a comprehensive approach to developing light‐mediated 3D printing for tissue‐engineering applications.
Process Dependent Complexity in Multicomponent Gels
Authors: Randle Rebecca I. , Ginesi Rebecca E. , Matsarskaia Olga , Schweins Ralf , Draper Emily R.
Published: September 2022

Mixing low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) can be used to combine favorable properties of the individual components within a multifunctional gel. Such multicomponent systems are complex enough in themselves but the method of combining components is not commonly considered something to influence self‐assembly. Herein, two multicomponent systems comprising of a naphthalene‐based dipeptide hydrogelator and one of two modified naphthalene diimides (NDIs), one of which forms gels, and the other does not, are investigated. These systems are probed, examining the structures formed and their gel properties (when preparing a solution from either a mixed powder of both components or by mixing pre‐formed solutions of each component) using rheology, small angle neutron scattering (SANS), and absorbance spectroscopy. It is found that by altering the method of preparation, it is can either induce self‐sorting or co‐assembly within the fibers formed that underpin the gel network.
Systematic metabolic characterization of mental disorders reveals age‐related metabolic disturbances as potential risk factors for depression in older adults
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhao Wanyu , Lu Ying , Zhao Yunli , Zhang Yan , Dai Miao , Hai Shan , Ge Ning , Zhang Shuting , Huang Mingjin , Liu Xiaohui , Li Shuangqing , Yue Jirong , Lei Peng , Dong Biao , Dai Lunzhi , Dong Birong
Published: September 2022

Mental disorders are associated with dysregulated metabolism, but comprehensive investigations of their metabolic similarities and differences and their clinical relevance are few. Here, based on the plasma metabolome and lipidome of subcohort1, comprising 100 healthy participants, 55 cases with anxiety, 52 persons with depression, and 41 individuals with comorbidity, which are from WCHAT, a perspective cohort study of community‐dwelling older adults aged over 50, multiple metabolites as potential risk factors of mental disorders were identified. Furthermore, participants with mental illnesses were classified into three subtypes (S1, S2, and S3) by unsupervised classification with lipidomic data. Among them, S1 showed higher triacylglycerol and lower sphingomyelin, while S2 displayed opposite features. The metabolic profile of S3 was like that of the normal group. Compared with S3, individuals in S1 and S2 had worse quality of life, and suffered more from sleep and cognitive disorders. Notably, an assessment of 6,467 individuals from the WCHAT showed an age‐related increase in the incidence of depression. Seventeen depression‐related metabolites were significantly correlated with age, which were validated in an independent subcohort2. Collectively, this work highlights the clinical relevance of metabolic perturbation in mental disorders, and age‐related metabolic disturbances may be a bridge‐linking aging and depressive.
Mendelian Randomization Study Using Dopaminergic Neuron‐Specific eQTL Nominates Potential Causal Genes for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Dang Xinglun , Zhang Zhijun , Luo Xiong‐Jian
Published: September 2022

Background

Large‐scale genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) have reported multiple risk variants for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known about how these reported risk variants confer risk of PD.

Objective

To nominate genes whose genetically regulated expression in dopaminergic neurons may have a causal role in PD.

Methods

We conducted a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study by integrating large‐scale genome‐wide associations and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data from dopaminergic neurons.

Results

MR analysis nominated 10 risk genes whose genetically regulated expression in dopaminergic neurons may have a causal role in PD. These MR significant genes include FAM200B, NDUFAF2, NUP42, SH3GL2, STX1B, CCDC189, KAT8, PRSS36, VAMP4, and ZSWIM7.

Conclusions

We report the first MR study of PD by using dopaminergic neuron‐specific eQTL and nominate novel risk genes for PD. Further functional characterization of the nominated risk genes will provide mechanistic insights into PD pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Mutual leveraging of proximity effects and click chemistry in chemical biology
Authors: Dong Ru , Yang Xiaoxiao , Wang Binghe , Ji Xingyue
Published: September 2022

Nature has the remarkable ability to realize reactions under physiological conditions that normally would require high temperature and other forcing conditions. In doing so, often proximity effects such as simultaneous binding of two reactants in the same pocket and/or strategic positioning of catalytic functional groups are used as ways to achieve otherwise kinetically challenging reactions. Though true biomimicry is challenging, there have been many beautiful examples of how to leverage proximity effects in realizing reactions that otherwise would not readily happen under near‐physiological conditions. Along this line, click chemistry is often used to endow proximity effects, and proximity effects are also used to further leverage the facile and bioorthogonal nature of click chemistry. This review brings otherwise seemingly unrelated topics in chemical biology and drug discovery under one unifying theme of mutual leveraging of proximity effects and click chemistry and aims to critically analyze the biomimicry use of such leveraging effects as powerful approaches in chemical biology and drug discovery. We hope that this review demonstrates the power of employing mutual leveraging proximity effects and click chemistry and inspires the development of new strategies that will address unmet needs in chemistry and biology.
USPSTF proposes anxiety screening for all adults under 65 for first time
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: September 2022

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) on Sept. 20 drafted recommendation statements and draft evidence for routine anxiety screening in primary care for all adults under age 65. These recommendations only apply to people who are not showing signs or symptoms of these conditions. This is the first time USPSTF has proposed a recommendation for anxiety screening for adults.
Consensus Virtual Screening Protocol Towards the Identification of Small Molecules Interacting with the Colchicine Binding Site of the Tubulin‐microtubule System
Authors: López‐López Edgar , Cerda‐García‐Rojas Carlos M. , Medina‐Franco José L.
Published: September 2022

Modification of the tubulin‐microtubule (Tub‐Mts) system has generated effective strategies for developing different treatments for cancer. A huge amount of clinical data about inhibitors of the tubulin‐microtubule system have supported and validated the studies on this pharmacological target. However, many tubulin‐microtubule inhibitors have been developed from representative and common scaffolds that cover a small region of the chemical space with limited structural innovation. The main goal of this study is to develop the first consensus virtual screening protocol for natural products (ligand‐ and structure‐based drug design methods) tuned for the identification of new potential inhibitors of the Tub‐Mts system. A combined strategy that involves molecular similarity, molecular docking, pharmacophore modeling, and in silico ADMET prediction has been employed to prioritize the selections of potential inhibitors of the Tub‐Mts system. Five compounds were selected and further studied using molecular dynamics and binding energy predictions to characterize their possible binding mechanisms. Their structures correspond to 5‐[2‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl) ethyl]‐2,3‐dimethoxyphenol (1), 9,10‐dihydro‐3,4‐dimethoxy‐2,7‐phenanthrenediol (2), 2‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐5,7‐dihydroxy‐6‐methoxy‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one (3), 13,14‐epoxyparvifoline‐4’,5’,6’‐trimethoxybenzoate (4), and phenylmethyl 6‐hydroxy‐2,3‐dimethoxybenzoate (5). Compounds 1–3 have been associated with literature reports that confirm their activity against several cancer cell lines, thus supporting the utility of this protocol.
Convergence criteria for nonhomogeneous linear nonautonomous real‐order time‐delay systems
Authors: Lenka Bichitra Kumar , Bora Swaroop Nandan
Published: September 2022

Nonhomogeneous linear nonautonomous real‐order time‐delay systems where the coefficient matrices involve time‐varying elements and state variables are dependent on constant multiple delays are considered. Is it possible to determine the limiting behavior of unknown solutions to such systems? We introduce a new comparison inequality, and then by using Laplace transform, we develop some new asymptotic convergence criteria when the coefficient matrices of such systems are constants. We show that it is possible to ensure the limiting behavior of such systems by establishing some new convergence criteria. For an application of interest, we introduce a simple nonhomogeneous linear feedback control and demonstrate that unstable real‐order time‐delay systems can be effectively controlled by using the proposed approach.
IM‐MS in der Bioanalytik: Isomere unterscheiden in der Gasphase
Authors: Geue Niklas , Barran Perdita
Published: September 2022

Massenspektrometrie kombiniert mit Ionenmobilitäts‐Massenspektrometrie (IM‐MS) liefert im selben Experiment Daten zur Masse und Struktur von Probenmolekülen. Ein wichtiges Anwendungsfeld ist Identifizierung und Trennung von Isomeren, beispielsweise von Oligosacchariden und Proteinen.
Bioethanol: Zügig gegärt
Authors: Sietz Manfred , Siemens Yvonne
Published: September 2022

Ein kristalliner Oxidationskatalysator aus Nanogold auf Kieselgel beschleunigt die alkoholische Gärung von Zucker‐ und Dicksaftlösungen. Katalytisch wirkt unter anderen das gärgeschwindigkeitsbestimmende Coenzym Nicotinamidadenindinucleotid.
Recycling: Vom Schlamm zum Granulat
Authors: Moebius Heinzhorst , Schmidt Horst , Hippmann Sebastian
Published: September 2022

Der Bauxitrückstand aus der Aluminiumproduktion lässt sich wiederverwenden, statt ihn als Rotschlamm zu deponieren. Wie aus Abfall ein Wertstoff wird.
A transition programme to enhance ICU new graduate nurses' professional identity and intention to remain employed: A pre‐ and postevaluation
Authors: Hu Fen , Ding Xin‐Bo , Zhang Ru‐Han , Li Su‐Yun , Cao Rui , Deng Lan , Li Jin , Fu Xing , Zhu Xiao‐Ping , Chen Jie
Published: September 2022

Aims

To investigate the effect of a transition programme including cognitive‐behaviour‐based preceptorship intervention on ICU new graduate nurses' (NGNs)' professional identity and their intention to remain employed.

Design

One‐arm pre‐ and post‐test design followed the TREND Statement.

Methods

NGNs' professional identity and intention to remain employed were measured at baseline (T1), postintervention (1 month, T2) and 6‐month follow‐up (T3).

Results

Fifty‐three NGNs completed the programme, and their professional identity score significantly increased postintervention [from 111.5 (SD = 16.72) at T1 to 114.2 (SD = 9.12) at T2, p < 0.05], but decreased at T3 [105.8 (SD = 9.44) compared with T1 and T2, p < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in ICU NGNs' intention of remain employed outcomes at three time points (p > 0.05). The transition programme was effective to improve ICU NGNs' professional identity immediately after the intervention, but the increment did not maintain at the 6‐month follow‐up.
A structure‐preserving finite element approximation of surface diffusion for curve networks and surface clusters
Authors: Bao Weizhu , Garcke Harald , Nürnberg Robert , Zhao Quan
Published: September 2022

We consider the evolution of curve networks in two dimensions (2d) and surface clusters in three dimensions (3d). The motion of the interfaces is described by surface diffusion, with boundary conditions at the triple junction points lines, where three interfaces meet, and at the boundary points lines, where an interface meets a fixed planar boundary. We propose a parametric finite element method based on a suitable variational formulation. The constructed method is semi‐implicit and can be shown to satisfy the volume conservation of each enclosed bubble and the unconditional energy‐stability, thus preserving the two fundamental geometric structures of the flow. Besides, the method has very good properties with respect to the distribution of mesh points, thus no mesh smoothing or regularization technique is required. A generalization of the introduced scheme to the case of anisotropic surface energies and non‐neutral external boundaries is also considered. Numerical results are presented for the evolution of two‐dimensional curve networks and three‐dimensional surface clusters in the cases of both isotropic and anisotropic surface energies.
Chromosomal microarray analysis in pregnancy loss: Is it time for a consensus approach?
Authors: Schilit Samantha L. P. , Studwell Courtney , Flatley Pamela , Listewnik Marc , Mertens Lauren , Ligon Azra H. , Mason‐Suares Heather
Published: September 2022

Objective

To investigate the efficacy and outcomes of chromosomal microarray (CMA) in the cytogenomic evaluation of products of conception (POC).

Method

Over a 42‐month period, 323 POC samples were tested by CMA. Results were assessed using variables including phenotype, gestational age, results from orthogonal testing, and follow‐up parental analysis.

Results

CMA identified cytogenetic abnormalities in 47.4% of first trimester losses and 10.9% of second and third trimester losses. Chromosomal microarray results specifically from 5 to 7‐week losses showed similar rates of abnormalities (45.6%) compared to those of all first trimester losses combined. CMA and karyotype results were discordant in 20.0% of cases, most likely due to maternal cell overgrowth in culture. The most prevalent abnormalities identified in all losses were autosomal trisomies, followed by triploidy. In 43/323 cases, the observed abnormality suggested a parental aberration that prompted follow‐up studies; two of these cases indeed identified an inherited aberration.

Conclusion

Our findings of specific types of genetic abnormalities and the respective frequencies by gestational age closely align with those of published karyotype studies, supporting the use of routine CMA testing for POCs. CMA outperforms karyotype analysis because it does not require viable, sterile cultures free of maternal admixture or admixture due to multiple gestations. Finally, CMA results can play an important role in identifying increased recurrence risks for some couples.
Development of functional anti‐Gn nanobodies specific for SFTSV based on next‐generation sequencing and proteomics
Authors: Wang Binghao , Huang Bilian , Li Xinyu , Guo Yan , Qi Guantong , Ding Yibing , Gao Haidong , Zhang Jingzi , Wu Xilin , Fang Lei
Published: September 2022

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an acute infectious disease caused by novel bunyavirus (SFTSV), with a mortality rate of 6.3% ~ 30%. To date, there is no specific treatment for SFTS. Previously, we demonstrated that SFTSV surface glycoprotein (Glycoprotein N, Gn) was a potential target for the development of SFTS vaccine or therapeutic antibodies, and anti‐Gn neutralizing antibodies played a protective role in SFTS infection. Compared with traditional antibodies, nanobodies from camelids have various advantages, including small molecular weight, high affinity, low immunogenicity, convenient production by gene engineering, etc. In this study, we combined next‐generation sequencing (NGS) with proteomics technology based on affinity purification‐mass spectrometry (AP‐MS) and bioinformatics analysis to high‐throughput screen monoclonal anti‐Gn nanobodies from camel immunized with Gn protein. We identified 19 anti‐Gn monoclonal nanobody sequences, of which six sequences were selected for recombinant protein expression and purification. Among these six anti‐Gn nanobodies, nanobody 57,493 was validated to be highly specific for Gn. The innovative high‐throughput technical route developed in this study could also be expanded to the production of nanobodies specific for other viruses like SARS‐CoV‐2.
Group housing enhances mating and increases the sensitization of chemical cues in Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Chen Yaoyao , Zhang Yuhua , Yang Liying , Chen Wenlong , Jiang Zhiyan , Xiao Ziwei , Xie Xin , Zhong Guohua , Yi Xin
Published: September 2022

Background

Changes in population density have profound impacts on mating behaviors in group‐living animals. The plasticity of mating behavior enables insects to respond to social signals and adjust mating frequency in accordance with rival competition and reproductive opportunity.

Results

In this study, we found that low levels of cis‐vaccenyl acetate (cVA), a Drosophila pheromone, increased mating rates of Bactrocera dorsalis, but high concentrations of cVA inhibited mating, indicating a functional role of cVA in regulating mating behaviors in insect species other than Drosophila. Moreover, we demonstrated that group housing conditions had positive effects for B. dorsalis on their mating rates, responses toward cVA and cVA‐mediated mating behaviors, which are dependent on the activity of c‐AMP reponse element binding protein (CREB) binding protein (CBP).

Conclusions

Our data suggest that CBP‐mediated plasticity in mating behavior and chemical recognition enables insects to adapt to different housing conditions and highlight the potential of cVA as an efficient agent in regulating mating behaviors in insect species other than Drosophila. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The odorant receptor co‐receptor gene contributes to mating and host‐searching behaviors in parasitoid wasps
Authors: Zhang Qichao , Chen Jiani , Wang Ying , Lu Yueqi , Dong Zhi , Shi Wenqi , Pang Lan , Ren Shaopeng , Chen Xuexin , Huang Jianhua
Published: September 2022

Background

Biological control of pest insects by parasitoid wasps is an effective and environmentally friendly strategy compared with the use of synthetic pesticides. Successful courtship and host‐search behaviors of parasitoid wasps are important for biological control efficiency and are often mediated by chemical odorant cues. The odorant receptor co‐receptor (Orco) gene has an essential role in the perception of odors in insects. However, the function of Orco in the mating and host‐searching behaviors of parasitoid wasps remains underexplored.

Results

We identified the full‐length Orco genes of four Drosophila parasitoid species in the genus Leptopilina, namely L. heterotoma, L. boulardi, L. syphax and L. drosophilae. Sequence alignment and membrane‐topology analysis showed that Leptopilina Orcos had similar amino acid sequences and topology structures. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Leptopilina Orcos were highly conserved. Furthermore, the results of quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reactions showed that all four Orco genes had a typical antennae‐biased tissue expression pattern. After knockdown of Orco in these different parasitoid species, we found that Orco‐deficient male parasitoid wasps, but not females, lost their courtship ability. Moreover, Orco‐deficient female parasitoid wasps presented impaired host‐searching performance and decreased oviposition rates.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that Orcos are essential in the mating and host‐searching behaviors of parasitoid wasps. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the functions of Orco genes have been characterized in parasitoid wasps, which broadens our understanding of the chemoreception basis of parasitoid wasps and contributes to developing advanced pest management strategies. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The Macklin effect in tension pneumomediastinum in a patient with interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Watanabe Hiroko , Ishikawa Hiroaki , Inui Toshihide , Kawashima Kai , Namiki Tomohiro , Sakamoto Tohru
Published: September 2022

Key message

Tension pneumomediastinum is a rare complication of interstitial pneumonia. This case shows computed tomography findings of the Macklin effect, in which air dissection along the bronchovascular interstitium caused by alveolar rupture leads to pneumomediastinum.
Optimisation and validation of a co‐manipulated robot for brachytherapy procedure
Authors: Ben Halima Aziza , Bert Julien , Clément Jean‐François , Visvikis Dimitris
Published: September 2022

Background

Low‐dose rate brachytherapy is the referent treatment for early‐stage prostate cancer and consists in manually inserting radioactive seeds within the organ to destroy tumorous cells. This treatment is inaccurate leading to side effects. Researchers developed robots to improve this technique. Despite ameliorating accuracy, they cannot be clinically used because of size and acceptability. Therefore, a 6‐DOF parallel and co‐manipulated robot is proposed to meet these requirements.

Methods

To fulfil the application requirements, a compact design was modelled. The robot's optimal dimensions were defined by establishing kinematics and implementing genetic algorithm. The robot's relevance was evaluated by measuring workspace and needle placement errors.

Results

The robot fits into a cube of 300 × 300 × 300 mm3 and provides a free‐singularity workspace of 55 × 55 × 150 mm3 with a possible end‐effector rotation of 15° and a needle placement error <3 mm.

Conclusion

The results are promising and prove that our robot fulfils the application requirements and presents a beneficial alternative to the manual procedure.
Providing robust and reversible watermarking algorithm and detection of malicious manipulation
Authors: Damghani Hamidreza , Estaji Soheila , Damghani Leila
Published: September 2022

In this article, due to the importance of embedding encrypted information in the image, a watermarking method is proposed based on local statistics in pixels. The advantages of the proposed method include its complete reversibility and very high security, which is due to the use of the quadtree concept, finding similar parts in the image, and embedding information in low‐energy and less significant pixels. This method is an alternative and simplifier of the quadtree method, dividing the image into identical non‐overlapping blocks and then choosing the block with less energy as more suitable for watermarking. Also, two criteria of mean‐squared‐error and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) have been calculated and the PSNR shows that image quality has not changed too much after hiding the information than the original image. It should be noted that since the proposed method is applied to black and white images, the result can be generalized to different color channels in the image, and color images have more visible capabilities in terms of cached memory than black and white images because they contain three dimensions of information.
Autophagic response of intestinal epithelial cells exposed to polystyrene nanoplastics
Authors: Xu Xin , Feng Yudong , Han Chenjie , Yao Zhengrong , Liu Yaxin , Luo Chi , Sheng Jinghao
Published: September 2022

Growing evidence demonstrates that the bioaccumulation of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS‐NPs) in the gastrointestinal tract has negative effects on health. Until now, little information has been available regarding the potential hazards of PS‐NPs to intestinal epithelial barriers. In this study, we employed cellular and animal models to investigate the adverse effects of PS‐NPs on intestinal epithelium and the underlying mechanism. We found that PS‐NPs affected the growth and survival of intestinal epithelial cells in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. PS‐NPs accumulated in the cytoplasm, resulting in an impaired autophagic flux and inducing an autophagic response. This response was also confirmed in vivo. Our results provide new insights into the internalization of PS‐NPs and the resultant autophagy response in intestinal epithelial cells.
Genome‐wide investigation of multiplexed CRISPR‐Cas12a‐mediated editing in rice
Authors: Zhang Yingxiao , Wu Yuechao , Li Gen , Qi Aileen , Zhang Yong , Zhang Tao , Qi Yiping
Published: September 2022

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) nucleases like Cas9 and Cas12a are revolutionizing plant basic research and crop breeding. A major advantage of CRISPR over earlier nucleases systems is its capability of multiplexed genome editing. However, it remains unknown about the potential off‐target effects when multiple concurrent DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) are induced in a crop genome. Here, we investigated this important question in rice (Oryza sativa) using a highly multiplexed CRISPR‐Cas12a system. With whole‐genome sequencing, we first revealed high genome editing specificity of Mb2Cas12a and protospacer adjacent motif promiscuity of LbCas12a. We discovered large chromosomal rearrangement events in edited rice plants that endured many (e.g., >50) simultaneous DSBs, but not in plants that endured lower order DSBs (e.g., <10). Our results shed important light on the analysis and regulation of engineered crops derived from CRISPR‐Cas mediated multiplexed genome editing.
Prenatal screening and diagnosis of pulmonary artery anomalies
Authors: Lesieur E. , Zaffran S. , Chaoui R. , Quarello E.
Published: September 2022

Congenital pulmonary artery anomalies are rare. Their antenatal diagnosis requires good knowledge of fetal cardiac anatomy because their clinical presentation varies depending on the type and severity of the underlying lesion. Screening of these vascular anomalies can be straightforward in some cases because of significant associated consequences that are detected easily on ultrasound, while other anomalies have considerably less obvious features. There may be an associated genetic syndrome. The aim of this review was to define anomalies of the main pulmonary artery and its branches and to propose, through the identification of suspicious findings during routine antenatal heart examination, an optimal screening method for the pulmonary artery pathway. We propose that pulmonary artery anomalies can be classified antenatally into four types of disorder. Herein we describe 14 cases subgrouped accordingly as: anomalies of the pulmonary valvular region, with stenosis or atresia of the valve (n = 4); conotruncal abnormalities (n = 4); anomalies associated with abnormal origin or course of the pulmonary artery (n = 4); and anomalies associated with abnormal growth of the pulmonary artery and its branches (n = 2). We highlight the need to differentiate the three‐vessel view from the three‐vessel‐and‐trachea view when assessing a fetus with a congenital pulmonary artery anomaly. © 2022 The Authors.Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecologypublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Necessary optimality conditions for two dimensional fractional optimal control problems and error estimates for the numerical approximation
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Mehra Mani
Published: September 2022

This paper presents the necessary optimality conditions and a new method for solving a class of two dimension fractional optimal control problem (FOCP‐2D) based on shifted Legendre polynomials. By using the Lagrange multiplier method and integration by part formula within the calculus of variations, the necessary optimality conditions are derived as two‐point fractional‐order boundary value problem. Fractional operators of shifted Legendre polynomial are computed and the necessary optimality conditions have been converted into a system of algebraic equations by utilizing these fractional operators. L2‐error estimates in the approximation of a function and its fractional derivative by shifted Legendre polynomial have been derived. Moreover, convergence analysis of the proposed method has also been discussed and in the last, illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.
Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in intracranial hemorrhage patients with hematological diseases
Authors: Zhang Jia-Yuan , Li Ying , Ma Yue-Shen , Sun Xiu-Juan , Liu Yong-Ze , Yin Yan-Ke , Hu Bo , Su Ming-Huan , Li Qiu-Ling , Mi Ying-Chang , Li Da-Peng
Published: September 2022

The clinical characteristics and prognosis of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with hematological diseases remain controversial. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and explore the prognostic factors in such patients. A total of 238 ICH patients with a hematological disease were recruited from the Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, China, from January 2015 to April 2020. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify the prognostic factors for 30-day mortality in ICH patients with a hematological disease. There were 123 cases of acute leukemia (AL), 20 of myelodysplasia/myeloproliferative neoplasm, 35 of aplastic anemia (AA), 29 of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), 19 of congenital/acquired coagulation factor deficiency, and 12 of other hematological diseases. Furthermore, 121 patients presented with a multi-site hemorrhage (MSH), 58 with a single-site hemorrhage in the brain parenchyma (PCH), 23 with a subarachnoid hemorrhage, 33 with a subdural hemorrhage (SH), and three with an epidural hemorrhage. The Cox proportional hazards model indicated association of SH (vs PCH, hazard ratio [HR]: 0.230; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.053–0.996; P = 0.049), low white blood cells (≤ 100 × 109/L vs > 100 × 109/L, HR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.348–0.910; P = 0.019), AA (vs AL, HR: 0.408; 95% CI: 0.203–0.821; P = 0.012), and ITP (vs AL, HR: 0.197; 95% CI: 0.061–0.640; P = 0.007) with improved 30-day mortality. However, increased age (HR: 1.012; 95% CI: 1.001–1.022; P = 0.034), MSH (vs PCH, HR: 1.891; 95% CI: 1.147–3.117; P = 0.012), and a disturbance of consciousness (HR: 1.989; 95% CI: 1.269–3.117; P = 0.003) were associated with increased risk of 30-day mortality. In conclusion, in this study, we revealed the clinical characteristics of Chinese ICH patients with a hematological disease. Moreover, we identified risk factors (age, white blood cells, AA, ITP, SH, MSH, and a disturbance of consciousness) that may influence 30-day mortality.
Compact spaces associated to separable Banach lattices
Authors: Avilés Antonio , Martínez-Cervantes Gonzalo , Rueda Zoca Abraham , Tradacete Pedro
Published: September 2022

We study the class of compact spaces that appear as structure spaces of separable Banach lattices. In other words, we analyze what C(K) spaces appear as principal ideals of separable Banach lattices. Among other things, it is shown that every such compactum K admits a strictly positive regular Borel measure of countable type that is analytic, and in the nonmetrizable case these compacta are saturated with copies of $$\beta {{\mathbb{N}}}.$$

β
N
.

Some natural questions about this class are left open.
Réflexions épistémologiques sur l’illicéité résultant de l’incompatibilité du droit interne par rapport au droit international
Authors: SIMO EMMANUEL
Published: September 2022

La schématisation de l’obligation juridique sous la forme d’une obligation de comportement ou de résultat poursuit un objectif cognitif tendant à en déterminer l’objet et l’exécution. Toutefois, en droit international, la démarche informe très souvent une logique de catégorisation. Or, dans les rapports de systèmes, le droit interne n’est pas seulement l’objet de l’obligation internationale, il est dans certains contextes la condition de son exécution. Par ailleurs, du fait de l’insuffisant accommodement de la schématisation à l’ontologie de l’obligation internationale, les doctrines dualiste et civiliste qui inspirent ses cadres de pensée en obèrent la valeur heuristique. Après avoir relevé l’incidence de ce porte-à-faux sur la saisie phénoménologique de l’illicéité, l’auteur suggère d’envisager l’obligation juridique sous la forme d’une proposition hypothétique. Cette démarche permet, en amont, d’identifier la position logique du droit interne dans l’obligation internationale; en aval, de mettre en lumière la part que prend son incompatibilité dans la concrétisation de l’illicéité.
ZF Automotive U.S., Inc. v. Luxshare, Ltd. (U.S. Sup. Ct.)
Authors: Duggal Kabir , Lake Dianne
Published: September 2022

Under 28 U.S.C. §1782(a), the U.S. Congress permits federal district courts to order testimony or the production of documents “for use in a proceeding in a foreign or international tribunal.” For the past two decades, U.S. Courts of Appeals have been split over whether 28 U.S.C. §1782 applies to private international commercial arbitrations. On June 13, 2022, in a unanimous opinion delivered by Justice Amy Coney Barrett, the Supreme Court of the United States held that it does not. To the extent that §1782(a) may apply to investor-state arbitrations, the Court held that the scope of the statute is limited to adjudicative bodies imbued with governmental or intergovernmental authority. Access to U.S. discovery procedures has thereby been narrowed significantly in the context of international arbitration.
‘The food is not enough’: disability and food aid technologies in a Ugandan refugee settlement
Authors: Schuler Maria-Theres
Published: September 2022

In Uganda’s refugee policy framework, food aid targets the most vulnerable – among them people with disabilities – using a categorization system. This article explores the entanglements of this technology of food distribution with disabled people’s socialities. It reveals that the system does not achieve its proposed rationale of creating equal opportunities for people who are disadvantaged within Uganda’s refugee policy of self-reliance, and that it falls short in enabling disabled people to fulfil roles and responsibilities. Nevertheless, food aid is a significant contribution that allows refugees with disabilities to cultivate family and non-kin relationships. Exploring these interdependent relations around food aid calls into question the ideas of equality and independence as fundamental principles of living together.
Healthy and unhealthy low-carbohydrate diets and plasma markers of cardiometabolic risk
Authors: Huang Yong , Li Xiude , Zhang Tengfei , Zeng Xueke , Li Meiling , Li Haowei , Yang Hu , Zhang Chenghao , Zhu Yu , Zhang Zhuang , Tang Min , Yang Wanshui
Published: September 2022

Previous studies have reported inconsistent associations between low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) and plasma lipid profile. Also, there is little evidence on the role of the quality and food sources of macronutrients in LCD in cardiometabolic health. We investigated the cross-sectional associations between LCD and plasma cardiometabolic risk markers in a nationwide representative sample of the US population. Diet was measured through two 24-h recalls. Overall, healthy (emphasising unsaturated fat, plant protein and less low-quality carbohydrates) and unhealthy (emphasising saturated fat, animal protein and less high-quality carbohydrate) LCD scores were developed according to the percentage of energy as total and subtypes of carbohydrate, protein and fat. Linear regression was used to estimate the percentage difference of plasma marker concentrations by LCD scores. A total of 34 785 participants aged 18–85 years were included. After adjusting for covariates including BMI, healthy LCD was associated with lower levels of insulin, homoeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and TAG, and higher levels of HDL-cholesterol, with the percentage differences (comparing extreme quartile of LCD score) of −5·91, −6·16, −9·13, −9·71 and 7·60 (all Ptrend < 0·001), respectively. Conversely, unhealthy LCD was associated with higher levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, CRP and LDL-cholesterol (all Ptrend < 0·001). Our results suggest that healthy LCD may have positive, whereas unhealthy LCD may have negative impacts on CRP and metabolic and lipid profiles. These findings underscore the need to carefully consider the quality and subtypes of macronutrients in future LCD studies.