bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suppressing the damage of deposited Mn(II) ions to graphite anode in lithium‐ion batteries by electrolyte additive agent and positive material coating
Authors: Zeng Yingying , Chen Haihui , Xiao Changren , Yi Xiuguang , Liao Wenming , Liu Limin
Published: April 2024

SEM and EDS techniques are carried out to demonstrate the variation of morphology and chemical compound on the surface of graphite anode, which suggest a well‐accepted concept that the manganese ions have serious influence on the reversible capacity fade of graphite anode in lithium ion batteries. Based the main chemical compounds of the inorganic layer on the graphite surface, the evolution steps of graphite structure damaged by Mn ions are derived. Although the amount of deposited manganese ions is small, these play an important role in the catalytic decomposition of the electrolyte. Moreover, Raman analysis shows that the structure of the graphite anode becomes irregular at initial SEI formation cycles and tends to be stable at subsequent cycles. This structure variation is probably generated from the manganese ion deposition and the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film formation. According to the capacity tests, the cycling performance of NCM811/graphite lithium‐ion batteries could be improved 50% by FEC additive and B2O3 surface coating. FEC additive maybe benefit graphite forming a stable SEI film in the early stages of cycling to suppress the damage of Mn2+ ions, then improving the cycling performance.
Crossover Boosted Grey Wolf Optimizer‐based framework for leader election and resource allocation in Intrusion Detection Systems for MANETs
Authors: Selvaraj Saravanan , Nanjappan Manikandan , Nagalingam Mythili , Balasubramanian Uma Maheswari
Published: April 2024

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is a self‐organizing networks without having a fixed infrastructure for making them susceptible to security threats. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) promotes security in MANETs by identifying malicious activities. Leader election is a fundamental aspect of IDS deployment, impacting resource allocation and system efficiency. This article presents a novel approach, the Crossover Boosted Grey Wolf Optimizer (CBGWO), for leader election and resource allocation in MANET‐based IDS. The proposed CBGWO algorithm integrates the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) with innovative crossover operators that have an ability to enhance the capabilities of exploration and exploitation in the optimization process. The leader election problem is solved through applying multi‐objective optimization by considering energy consumption, reputation, and communication overhead. Objective functions are defined to maximize energy efficiency while maintaining a balanced distribution of leadership roles. Extensive simulations are conducted, varying network densities and the percentage of selfish nodes. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the CBGWO‐based model in balancing energy consumption, prolonging network lifespan, and enhancing intrusion detection by comparing different state‐of‐the‐art models such as PCA‐FELM, CTAA‐MPSO, FLS‐RE, LEACH, DCAIDS, WOA‐GA, and VOELA. The proposed model achieved an energy consumption of 4.31 J, network lifetime of 560.482 ms, and average intrusion detection latency of 0.12 s, respectively. The proposed model outperforms than existing random and connectivity‐based leader election methods that is evaluated by taking main consideration of energy efficiency and network survivability. This research contributes to the field by introducing a robust algorithm for leader election in MANET‐based IDS, addressing challenges posed by network dynamics and resource constraints. The CBGWO‐based approach showcases its potential to achieve effective leader election and efficient resource allocation, thereby enhancing the security and sustainability of MANETs.
Landslides of China's Qinling
Authors: Feng Liye , Xu Chong , Tian Yingying , Li Lei , Sun Jingjing , Huang Yuandong , Wang Peng , Zhang Xuewei , Li Tao , Yang Wentao , Ma Siyuan , Shao Xiaoyi , Xu Jixiang , Chen Jingyu
Published: April 2024

The Qinling Mountains in China frequently experience geological disasters, with large‐scale landslides being particularly prominent, causing severe economic losses to the local area. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the geological disaters distribution in the region, we conducted extensive research on the entire Qinling Mountains, covering an area of approximately 380,000 km2. By employing methods such as literature review, data collection, and interpretation of remote sensing images, we have successfully created a database of landslides. The inventory of landslides includes a total of 169,888 large‐scale landslides, covering a combined area of approximately 1575 km2. The average size of these landslides is approximately 92,734 m2. The scale of these landslides varies widely, with the smallest individual landslide covering an area of 166.25 m2 and the largest reaching 12.9 km2. Upon examining areas with frequent landslides, it was observed that landslides are usually densely distributed along riverbanks or within valleys. Landslide development is also dense in areas prone to frequent historical earthquakes. This comprehensive database provides essential data to support the analysis of spatial distribution patterns of large‐scale landslides in the Qinling Mountains. It also facilitates landslide assessments and serves as a reference for the prevention and control of landslide disasters in the area.
Comprehensive analysis of synthetic learning applied to neonatal brain MRI segmentation
Authors: Valabregue R. , Girka F. , Pron A. , Rousseau F. , Auzias G.
Published: April 2024

Brain segmentation from neonatal MRI images is a very challenging task due to large changes in the shape of cerebral structures and variations in signal intensities reflecting the gestational process. In this context, there is a clear need for segmentation techniques that are robust to variations in image contrast and to the spatial configuration of anatomical structures. In this work, we evaluate the potential of synthetic learning, a contrast‐independent model trained using synthetic images generated from the ground truth labels of very few subjects. We base our experiments on the dataset released by the developmental Human Connectome Project, for which high‐quality images are available for more than 700 babies aged between 26 and 45 weeks postconception. First, we confirm the impressive performance of a standard UNet trained on a few volumes, but also confirm that such models learn intensity‐related features specific to the training domain. We then confirm the robustness of the synthetic learning approach to variations in image contrast. However, we observe a clear influence of the age of the baby on the predictions. We improve the performance of this model by enriching the synthetic training set with realistic motion artifacts and over‐segmentation of the white matter. Based on extensive visual assessment, we argue that the better performance of the model trained on real T2w data may be due to systematic errors in the ground truth. We propose an original experiment allowing us to show that learning from real data will reproduce any systematic bias affecting the training set, while synthetic models can avoid this limitation. Overall, our experiments confirm that synthetic learning is an effective solution for segmenting neonatal brain MRI. Our adapted synthetic learning approach combines key features that will be instrumental for large multisite studies and clinical applications.
Assessing social vulnerabilities of salivary gland cancer care, prognosis, and treatment in the United States
Authors: Bindra Govind S. , Fei‐Zhang David J. , Desai Atharva , Maddalozzo John , Smith Stephanie S. , Patel Urjeet A. , Chelius Daniel C. , D'Souza Jill N. , Rastatter Jeffrey C. , Gillespie M. Boyd , Sheyn Anthony M.
Published: April 2024

Background

Salivary gland cancers (SGC)‐social determinants of health (SDoH) investigations are limited by narrow scopes of SGC‐types and SDoH. This Social Vulnerability Index (SVI)‐study hypothesized that socioeconomic status (SES) most contributed to SDoH‐associated SGC‐disparities.

Methods

Retrospective cohort of 24 775 SGCs assessed SES, minority‐language status (ML), household composition (HH), housing‐transportation (HT), and composite‐SDoH measured by the SVI via regressions with surveillance and survival length, late‐staging presentation, and treatment (surgery, radio‐, chemotherapy) receipt.

Results

Increasing social vulnerability showed decreases in surveillance/survival; increased odds of advanced‐presenting‐stage (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.17), chemotherapy receipt (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.23); decreased odds of primary surgery (0.89, 0.84, 0.94), radiotherapy (0.91, 0.85, 0.97, p = 0.003) for SGCs. Trends were differentially correlated with SES, ML, HH, and HT‐vulnerabilities.

Conclusions

Through quantifying SDoH‐derived SGC‐disparities, the SVI can guide targeted initiatives against SDoH that elicit the most detrimental associations for specific sociodemographics.
Assessing the risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes in relation to Hookah smoking: Evidence from a cohort study in Southern Iran
Authors: Shahabi Nahid , Rafati Shideh , Kakhaki Hadi Eshaghi Sani , Soleimani Farshid , Zamaninasab Fatemeh , Saboohi Zahra , Nejatizadeh Azim , Dadipoor Sara
Published: April 2024

Background

Hookah smoking has pointedly increased worldwide and could have different harmful health effects. However, long term hookah smoking effects on chronic diseases has not been well studied. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between hookah smoking with metabolic syndrome and diabetes.

Methods

In this prospective study, the baseline data from 3695 participant (35−70 years old) of Bandar‐e‐Kong cohort study in Hormozgan province, Iran were used. In this study, data were collected through the questionnaires designed in the Kong cohort study and 25 mm of blood sample. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 27.0 and the ggplot2 package in RStudio version 2023.06.1 + 524. p < 0.05 was considered a significant difference.

Results

The prevalence of hookah smoking was 17.3% in total. Also, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were 35.6, 15.2, 31.2, and 78.0%, respectively. Our results showed that there were statistically significant relationship between hookah smoking and metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes (p < 0.05). In the case of dyslipidemia, hookah smoking was also associated with increase in dyslipidemia (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

More evidence is needed to understand the mechanism of hookah smoking and these health effects. As well as, health education and increasing public awareness about the health effects of hookah smoking and implementation of smoking prohibition policies are highly recommended.
Upsurge of dengue outbreaks in several WHO regions: Public awareness, vector control activities, and international collaborations are key to prevent spread
Authors: Sarker Rapty , Roknuzzaman A. S. M. , Haque Md. Aminul , Islam Md. Rabiul , Kabir Eva Rahman
Published: April 2024

Background

Dengue, the world's fastest‐growing vector‐borne disease, has skyrocketed in the 21st century. Dengue has harmed human health since its first known cases among Spanish soldiers in the Philippines to its 21st‐century outbreaks in Southeast Asia, the Pacific, and the Americas. In light of the current circumstances, it is imperative to investigate its origin and prevalence, enabling the implementation of effective interventions to curb the upsurge.

Methods

Our study examines the history of dengue outbreaks, and evolving impact on public health, aiming to offer valuable insights for a more resilient public health response worldwide. In this comprehensive review, we incorporated data from renowned databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus to provide a thorough analysis of dengue outbreaks.

Results

Recent dengue outbreaks are associated with rapid urbanization, international travel, climatic change, and socioeconomic factors. Rapid urbanization and poor urban design and sanitation have created mosquito breeding places for dengue vectors. Also, international travel and trade have spread the pathogen. Climate change in the past two decades has favored mosquito habitats and outbreaks. Socioeconomic differences have also amplified the impact of dengue outbreaks on vulnerable communities. Dengue mitigation requires vector control, community engagement, healthcare strengthening, and international cooperation.

Conclusion

Climate change adaptation and urban planning are crucial. Although problems remain, a comprehensive vector control and community involvement plan may reduce dengue epidemics and improve public health in our interconnected world.
Split doses versus whole dose bowel preparation using polyethylene glycol for colonoscopy: A multicentric prospective Lebanese randomized trial between 2021 and 2023
Authors: Sara Blaybel , Ghinwa Hammoud , Layla Mourda , Mahmoud Hallal , Ali Khalil , Remy Mckey
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims

Bowel preparation is considered as major obstacle before colonoscopy, and it is often reported as the most feared part of the procedure. The aim of this study is to determine the difference in efficacy between a split dose of PEG and the previous day regimen in cleaning the colon, using Boston bowel preparation scale. In addition, also to evaluate patient satisfaction regarding the modality of preparation.

Methods

The study included 200 hospitalized patients undergoing colonoscopy at Beirut hospitals between 2021 and 2023. One of the two regimens will be prescribed randomly to the patients before colonoscopy: 98 (49%) in Group A (patients treated with PEG preparation as a split dose for 2 days), and 102 (51%) in Group B (patients taking PEG preparation as a whole dose). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.

Results

Patients were distributed between 105 (52.5%) males and 95 (47.5%) females. The top two indications for colonoscopy were bleeding (34%), change in bowel habits (constipation/diarrhea) (32%). Patients experienced adverse events noting cramps (48.5%), stomach ache (32%), headache (31%), vomiting (53%), nausea (53%), sleep disturbance (27%), bloating (26.5%), and malaise (26%). A statistically significant difference (p = 0.040) was detected in sleep disturbance: 20.4% of patients in group A and 33.3% of patients in group B. The average satisfaction score was 3.02 ± 1.03 over 4 (Group A) and 3.04 ± 0.99 over 4 (Group B) (p = 0.896). The average BBPS was 8.07 ± 1.14 (Group A) and 8.28 ± 1.0 (Group B) (p = 0.162).

Conclusion

The two administrations were almost similar in term of satisfaction and BBPS. As multiple factors like age, sexe, comorbidities may contribute in altering how much a given drug is safe and efficace, more research is needed to choose the best 3regimen for each patient.
Radiative cooling: Experimental and numerical analysis for enhanced thermal management strategies in engineering systems
Authors: Güler Birkut
Published: April 2024

This study aims to fully evaluate the radiation effect in existing cooling systems. The research, a combination of experimental analysis and numerical simulations using ANSYS Fluent, examines the complexity of radiative cooling processes and their impact on thermal management in various engineering applications. The experiments began by carefully placing a 112.5 W heater into the thermal channel. Next, temperature measurements were made under various conditions. In particular, the use of black cotton fabric as the inner duct lining applied in the thermal channel stands out as an innovation that aims to optimize heat absorption by increasing radiative properties. The findings highlight the significant impact of radiation on cooling performance. A temperature drop of 2–3°C was observed in cooling under the effect of radiation. Additionally, numerical simulations reveal the feasibility of radiative cooling systems by providing valuable information about the flow dynamics and heat transfer mechanisms within the channel. The novelty of this work is its detailed examination of radiative cooling effects and its focus on its potential to optimize thermal management strategies in various engineering applications. Explaining the role of radiation in heat transfer and providing practical information to improve cooling efficiency demonstrates that this research brings important insight and lays the foundation for future advances in the field. Considering the urgent need for energy‐efficient cooling solutions and the increasing demand for sustainable engineering practices, the findings of this study will provide important insights for researchers and practitioners. This study provides innovative perspectives and solutions to address the increasing challenges of heat transfer and energy conservation in engineering systems. It makes a significant contribution to the field of thermal management by offering methodologies.
Association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level and inflammatory markers in hemodialysis‐treated patients
Authors: Luo Chunlei , Bian Xueyan , Bao Lingling , Xu Qingqing , Ji Chunyang
Published: April 2024

Objective

To investigate the relationship between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level with novel inflammatory markers in hemodialysis‐treated patients.

Methods

A total of 167 maintenance hemodialysis‐treated patients were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. The patients were divided into vitamin D deficiency (a serum 25(OH)D level <20 ng/mL) and nondeficiency (a serum 25(OH)D level ≥20 ng/mL) groups. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were calculated by the complete blood cell count. The relationship between 25(OH)D level with other parameters was assessed by bivariate correlation analysis and linear regression analysis.

Results

There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, diabetes, levels of albumin, creatinine, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) as well as NLR and MLR (p = .004, p = .031, p < .001, p = .043, p = .008, p = .006, p = .002, and p < .001, respectively). There exist negative correlations between serum 25(OH)D level with age, diabetes, alkaline phosphatase level, NLR, PLR, and MLR (p = .002, p = .002, p = .037, p = .001, p = .041, and p < .001, respectively) and positive correlations between serum 25(OH)D level with albumin level, creatinine level, phosphorus level, HDL‐C, and LDL‐C (p < .001, p < .001, p = .013, p = .02, p = .002, respectively). Multiple analysis results showed that sex, diabetes, albumin level and NLR were independently associated with serum 25(OH)D level (p = .021, p = .015, p = .033, and p = .041, respectively). High values of NLR and MLR were associated with patients with serum 25(OH)D deficiency. There were negative interplays between serum 25(OH) D level with NLR, PLR, and MLR and also an independent association between serum 25(OH) D level with NLR.

Conclusion

Collectively, serum 25(OH)D level has a negative correlation with inflammatory markers.
Study on the mechanism of miRNAs on liver injury in the condition of Protoscocephalus alveolarus transhepatic portal vein infection
Authors: Zhu Yazhou , Li Ming , Li Zihua , Song Jiahui , Zhao Wei
Published: April 2024

Objective

To explore the role of miRNA in liver damage caused by Echinococcus multilocularis infection.

Methods

Six female C57BL mice were randomly divided into two groups, the control group and the infection group. Mice in the control group were injected with 100 μL PBS through the hepatic portal vein, and mice in the infection group were infected with E. multilocularis via the hepatic portal vein to establish a mouse model of infection. Small RNA sequencing was performed for detecting the expression of miRNAs in the liver of mice infected with 2000 E. multilocularis after 3 months of infection, screen out miRNAs related to liver damage, and verify by RT‐PCR.

Results

Seventy‐one differentially expressed miRNAs were found in the liver in comparison with control, and a total of 36 mouse miRNAs with |FC| >0.585 were screened out, respectively. In addition, Targetscan (V5.0) and miRanda (v3.3a) software were used to predict differential miRNAs target genes and functional enrichment of target genes. Functional annotation showed that “cytokine‐cytokine interaction,” “positive regulation of cytokine production,” “inflammatory response,” and “leukocyte activation” were enriched in the liver of E. multilocularis‐infected mice. Moreover, the pathways “human cytomegalovirus infection,” “cysteine and methionine metabolism,” “Notch signaling pathway,” and “ferroptosis” were involved in liver disease. Furthermore, four miRNAs (mmu‐miR‐30e‐3p, mmu‐miR‐203‐3p, mmu‐miR‐125b‐5p, and mmu‐miR‐30c‐2‐3p) related to liver injury were screened and verified.

Conclusion

This study revealed that the expression profiling of miRNAs in the livers was changed after E. multilocularis infection, and improved our understanding of the transcriptomic landscape of hepatic echinococcosis in mice.
Natural killer cell subsets and their functional molecules in peripheral blood of the patients with breast cancer
Authors: Darvishvand Reza , Rezaeifard Somayeh , Kiani Razie , Tahmasebi Sedigheh , Faghih Zahra , Erfani Nasrollah
Published: April 2024

Background

Natural killer (NK) cells, CD3− lymphocytes, are critical players in cancer immune surveillance. This study aimed to assess two types of CD3− NK cell classifications (subsets), that is, convectional subsets (based on CD56 and CD16 expression) and new subsets (based on CD56, CD27, and CD11b expression), and their functional molecules in the peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer (BC) in comparison with healthy donors (HDs).

Methods

Thirty untreated females with BC and 20 age‐matched healthy women were enrolled. Peripheral blood samples were collected and directly incubated with fluorochrome‐conjugated antibodies against CD3, CD56, CD16, CD27, CD11b, CD96, NKG2C, NKG2D, NKp44, CXCR3, perforin, and granzyme B. Red blood cells were then lysed using lysing solution, and the stained cells were acquired on four‐color flow cytometer.

Result

Our results indicated 15% of lymphocytes in peripheral blood of patients with BC and HDs had NK cells phenotype. However, the frequency of total NK cells (CD3−CD56+), and NK subsets (based on conventional and new classifications) was not significantly different between patients and HDs. We observed mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CXCR3 in total NK cells (p = .02) and the conventional cytotoxic (CD3−CD56dim CD16+) NK cells (p = .03) were significantly elevated in the patients with BC compared to HDs. Despite this, the MFI of granzyme B expression in conventional regulatory (CD3−CD56brightCD16−/+) NK cells and CD3−CD56−CD16+ NK cells (p = .03 and p = .004, respectively) in the patients was lower than healthy subjects.

Conclusion

The higher expression of chemokine receptor CXCR3 on total NK cells in patients with BC may be associated with increased chemotaxis‐related NK cell infiltration. However, lower expression of granzyme B in conventional regulatory NK cells and CD3−CD56−CD16+ NK cells in the patients compared to HDs suggests reduced cytotoxic activity of the NK cells in BC. These results might demonstrate accumulating NK subsets with a dysfunctional phenotype in the peripheral blood of patients with BC.
Serum vitamins and homocysteine levels in autoimmune liver disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Jiahuan , Tian Shan , Ci Bai , Xi Yuwen , Deng Xiaoling
Published: April 2024

Objective

Vitamins and homocysteine (Hcy) are involved in liver metabolism and related to the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver disease (AILD), but consensus is lacking. This study aims to systematically summarize relevant evidence to clarify the association of serum vitamins and Hcy levels with AILD.

Methods

The English and Chinese literature was searched until August 29, 2023. Studies were included if they were observational studies of investigating serum vitamins and Hcy levels in patients with AILD and their healthy comparisons. Quality assessment was performed by using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and a meta‐analysis was conducted using ReviewManager 5.3. The protocol was registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO), with registration number CRD42023455367.

Results

A total of 25 case–control studies comprising 3487 patients (1673 patients and 1814 healthy controls) were included for analysis. There were 548 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) cases, 1106 primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) cases, and 19 primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) cases. We found that serum A and E were decreased in both AIH and PBC/PSC; but vitamin C was reduced only in patients with PBC, not AIH. In addition, decreased content of 25(OH)D3 was found in both AIH and PBC. However, levels of 25(OH)D did not differ between the patients and controls, and were independent of disease types and the country. Only one study that met the inclusion criteria reported vitamin B6, B9, B12, and Hcy changes, and found that vitamin B6 and B9 were significantly decreased in patients with PBC, while serum vitamin B12 and Hcy levels were significantly elevated in them. One eligible study each confirmed a reduction in plasma vitamin K1 and 1,25(OH)2D3 in patients with PBC.

Conclusion

Most vitamins are deficient in AILD, so appropriate vitamin supplementation should be necessary. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these findings.
Comparison of effectiveness and safety of molnupiravir versus sotrovimab for COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Amani Bahman , Amani Behnam
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of molnupiravir and sotrovimab in the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).

Methods

Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, medRxiv, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to identify relevant evidence up to December 2023. The risk of bias was assessed using the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions tool. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis (CMA).

Results

Our search identified and included 13 studies involving 16166 patients. The meta‐analysis revealed a significant difference between the molnupiravir and sotrovimab groups in terms of the mortality rate (odds ratio [OR] = 2.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16, 3.70). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of hospitalization rate (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.47, 1.06), death or hospitalization rate (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 0.81, 2.83), and intensive care unit admission (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.07, 4.84). In terms of safety, molnupiravir was associated with a higher incidence of adverse events (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.30).

Conclusion

The current findings indicate that sotrovimab may be more effective than molnupiravir in reducing the mortality rate in COVID‐19 patients. However, no statistical difference was observed between the two treatments for other effectiveness outcomes. The certainty of evidence for these findings was rated as low or moderate. Further research is required to provide a better comparison of these interventions in treating COVID‐19 patients.
A nested case‐control study of untargeted plasma metabolomics and lung cancer among never‐smoking women within the prospective Shanghai Women's Health Study
Authors: Rahman Mohammad L. , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Jones Dean P. , Hu Wei , Ji Bu‐tian , Blechter Batel , Wong Jason Y. Y. , Cai Qiuyin , Yang Gong , Gao Yu‐Tang , Zheng Wei , Rothman Nathaniel , Walker Douglas , Lan Qing
Published: April 2024

The etiology of lung cancer in never‐smokers remains elusive, despite 15% of lung cancer cases in men and 53% in women worldwide being unrelated to smoking. Here, we aimed to enhance our understanding of lung cancer pathogenesis among never‐smokers using untargeted metabolomics. This nested case‐control study included 395 never‐smoking women who developed lung cancer and 395 matched never‐smoking cancer‐free women from the prospective Shanghai Women's Health Study with 15,353 metabolic features quantified in pre‐diagnostic plasma using liquid chromatography high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Recognizing that metabolites often correlate and seldom act independently in biological processes, we utilized a weighted correlation network analysis to agnostically construct 28 network modules of correlated metabolites. Using conditional logistic regression models, we assessed the associations for both metabolic network modules and individual metabolic features with lung cancer, accounting for multiple testing using a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.20. We identified a network module of 121 features inversely associated with all lung cancer (p = .001, FDR = 0.028) and lung adenocarcinoma (p = .002, FDR = 0.056), where lyso‐glycerophospholipids played a key role driving these associations. Another module of 440 features was inversely associated with lung adenocarcinoma (p = .014, FDR = 0.196). Individual metabolites within these network modules were enriched in biological pathways linked to oxidative stress, and energy metabolism. These pathways have been implicated in previous metabolomics studies involving populations exposed to known lung cancer risk factors such as traffic‐related air pollution and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Our results suggest that untargeted plasma metabolomics could provide novel insights into the etiology and risk factors of lung cancer among never‐smokers.
A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of an early postnatal lifestyle modification program on diet, adiposity and metabolic outcome in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tsoi Kit Ying , Chan Ruth C. M. , Zhang Cuilin , Tam Wing Hung , Ma Ronald C. W.
Published: April 2024

Objective

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 12‐month early postnatal lifestyle intervention program in women with gestational diabetes in a recent pregnancy.

Methods

This study was a prospective randomized intervention study conducted at a diabetes center in Hong Kong. Chinese women aged 18–45 years, who developed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in their most recent pregnancy, were invited. Eligible women were randomized in 1:1 ratio at baseline (6–12 weeks postpartum), to standard care or lifestyle intervention (diet and physical activity) groups for 12 months. A standardized biochemistry assessment including oral glucose tolerance test, blood lipids, complete blood count, renal and liver functions, were measured at baseline and at 12‐month. Anthropometry assessment and lifestyle questionnaire were performed at various timepoints.

Results

A total of 103 women were randomized at baseline and a total of 79 women (standard care, n = 39, intervention, n = 40) completed the assessment. After the 12‐month study period, women in the intervention group had significantly lower energy intake (intervention, −497.6 ± 488.3 kcal; standard, −222.0 ± 390.0 kcal, P < 0.01) compared to the standard care group, and a trend towards greater weight reduction (intervention, −0.93 ± 4.68 kg; standard, −0.01 ± 3.12 kg, P = 0.36).

Conclusion

The lifestyle intervention implemented within 3 months postpartum appeared to promote postpartum weight loss. The early postnatal lifestyle intervention program may provide an opportunity to reduce the long‐term risk of diabetes in this high‐risk population.
LncRNA RP11‐301G19.1 is required for the maintenance of vascular smooth muscle cell contractile phenotype via sponging miR‐17‐5P/ATOH8 axis
Authors: Hao Shuning , Zuo Feifei , Zhang Hongmin , Wang Ying , Huang Liwen , Ma Fenghui , Song Tiefeng , Zhang Tongcun , Ren Xuejun , Wang Nan
Published: April 2024

Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) play essential roles in regulating gene expression in various biological processes. However, the function of lncRNAs in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) transformation remains to be explained. In this work, we discover that a new bone marrow protein (BMP) signaling target, lncRNA RP11‐301G19.1, is significantly induced in BMP7‐treated VSMCs through lncRNA microarray analysis. Addition of BMP signaling inhibitor LDN‐193189 attenuates the expression of ACTA2 and SM‐22α, as well as the mRNA level of RP11‐301G19.1. Furthermore, lncRNA RP11‐301G19.1 is critical to the VSMC differentiation and is directly activated by SMAD1/9. Mechanistically, knocking down of RP11‐301G19.1 leads to the decrease of ATOH8, another BMP target, while the forced expression of RP11‐301G19.1 reactivates ATOH8. In addition, miR‐17‐5p, a miRNA negatively regulated by BMP‐7, contains predicted binding sites for lncRNA RP11‐301G19.1 and ATOH8 3′UTR. Accordingly, overexpression of miR‐17‐5p decreases the levels of them. Together, our results revealed the role of lncRNA RP11‐301G19.1 as a miRNA sponge to upregulate ATOH8 in VSMC phenotype transformation.
B cells and atherosclerosis: A HIV perspective
Authors: Obare Laventa M. , Bonami Rachel H. , Doran Amanda C. , Wanjalla Celestine N.
Published: April 2024

Atherosclerosis remains a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) globally, with the complex interplay of inflammation and lipid metabolism at its core. Recent evidence suggests a role of B cells in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; however, this relationship remains poorly understood, particularly in the context of HIV. We review the multifaceted functions of B cells in atherosclerosis, with a specific focus on HIV. Unique to atherosclerosis is the pivotal role of natural antibodies, particularly those targeting oxidized epitopes abundant in modified lipoproteins and cellular debris. B cells can exert control over cellular immune responses within atherosclerotic arteries through antigen presentation, chemokine production, cytokine production, and cell–cell interactions, actively participating in local and systemic immune responses. We explore how HIV, characterized by chronic immune activation and dysregulation, influences B cells in the context of atherosclerosis, potentially exacerbating CVD risk in persons with HIV. By examining the proatherogenic and antiatherogenic properties of B cells, we aim to deepen our understanding of how B cells influence atherosclerotic plaque development, especially within the framework of HIV. This research provides a foundation for novel B cell‐targeted interventions, with the potential to mitigate inflammation‐driven cardiovascular events, offering new perspectives on CVD risk management in PLWH.
Targeted and untargeted metabolomic profiles in wild rabbit does (Oryctolagus cuniculus) of different breeding states (pregnant and lactating)
Authors: Marín‐García Pablo Jesús , Rouco Carlos , Llobat Lola , Larsen Torben , Hedemann Mette Skou
Published: April 2024

Ecological nutrition aims to unravel the extensive web of nutritional links that drives animals in their interactions with their ecological environments. Nutrition plays a key role in the success of European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and could be affected by the breeding status of the animals and reflected in the metabolome of this species. As nutritional needs are considerably increased during pregnancy and lactation, the main objective of this work was to determine how the breeding status (pregnant and lactating) of European wild rabbit does affects nutritional requirements and their metabolome (using targeted and untargeted metabolomics), aiming to find a useful biomarker of breeding status and for monitoring nutritional requirements. To address this gap, 60 wild European rabbits were studied. Animals were divided according to their breeding status and only pregnant (n = 18) and lactating (n = 11) rabbit does were used (n = 29 in total). The body weight and length of each animal were analyzed. The relative and absolute chemical composition of the gastric content and whole blood sample were taken, and targeted and untargeted metabolomics were analyzed. As a main result, there were no differences in biometric measurements, gastric content, and targeted metabolomics, except for live weight and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), as pregnant animals showed higher live weight (+12%; p = 0.0234) and lower NEFA acid levels (−46%; p = 0.0262) than lactating females. Regarding untargeted metabolomics, a good differentiation of the metabolome of the two breeding groups was confirmed, and it was proven that pregnant animals showed higher plasmatic levels of succinic anhydride (3.48 more times; p = 0.0236), succinic acid (succinate) (3.1 more times; p = 0.0068) and propionic acid (3.98 more times; p = 0.0121) than lactating animals. However, lactating animals showed higher levels of N‐[(3a,5b,7b)‐7‐hydroxy‐24‐oxo‐3‐(sulfoxide) cholan‐24‐yl]‐Glycine (cholestadien) (2.4 more times; p < 0.0420), 4‐maleyl‐acetoacetate (MAA) (3.2 more times; p < 0.0364) and irilone (2.2 more times; p = 0.0451) than pregnant animals, any of these metabolites could be used as a potential biomarker. From these results, it can be concluded that the most notable changes were observed in the metabolome of individuals, with most of the changes observed being due to energy and protein mobilisation.
Parkinsonism originates in a discrete secondary and dystonia in a primary motor cortical‐basal ganglia subcircuit
Authors: Kumbhare Deepak , Weistroffer George , Goyanaga Sofia , Huang Zi Ling , Blagg Jacob , Baron Mark S.
Published: April 2024

Although manifesting contrasting phenotypes, Parkinson's disease and dystonia, the two most common movement disorders, can originate from similar pathophysiology. Previously, we demonstrated that lesioning (silencing) of a discrete dorsal region in the globus pallidus (rodent equivalent to globus pallidus externa) in rats and produced parkinsonism, while lesioning a nearby ventral hotspot‐induced dystonia. Presently, we injected fluorescent‐tagged multi‐synaptic tracers into these pallidal hotspots (n = 36 Long Evans rats) and permitted 4 days for the viruses to travel along restricted connecting pathways and reach the motor cortex before sacrificing the animals. Viral injections in the Parkinson's hotspot fluorescent labeled a circumscribed region in the secondary motor cortex, while injections in the dystonia hotspot labeled within the primary motor cortex. Custom probability mapping and N200 staining affirmed the segregation of the cortical territories for Parkinsonism and dystonia to the secondary and primary motor cortices. Intracortical microstimulation localized territories specifically to their respective rostral and caudal microexcitable zones. Parkinsonian features are thus explained by pathological signaling within a secondary motor subcircuit normally responsible for initiation and scaling of movement, while dystonia is explained by abnormal (and excessive) basal ganglia signaling directed at primary motor corticospinal transmission.
Increased glutamatergic neurotransmission between the retinohypothalamic tract and the suprachiasmatic nucleus of old mice
Authors: Herrera‐Zamora J. Manuel , Osuna‐Lopez Fernando , Reyes‐Méndez Miriam E. , Valadez‐Lemus Ramon E. , Sánchez‐Pastor Enrique A. , Navarro‐Polanco Ricardo A. , Moreno‐Galindo Eloy G. , Alamilla Javier
Published: April 2024

Circadian rhythms synchronize to light through the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT), which is a bundle of axons coming from melanopsin retinal ganglion cells, whose synaptic terminals release glutamate to the ventral suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Activation of AMPA–kainate and NMDA postsynaptic receptors elicits the increase in intracellular calcium required for triggering the signaling cascade that ends in phase shifts. During aging, there is a decline in the synchronization of circadian rhythms to light. With electrophysiological (whole‐cell patch‐clamp) and immunohistochemical assays, in this work, we studied pre‐ and postsynaptic properties between the RHT and ventral SCN neurons in young adult (P90–120) and old (P540–650) C57BL/6J mice. Incremental stimulation intensities (applied on the optic chiasm) induced much lesser AMPA–kainate postsynaptic responses in old animals, implying a lower recruitment of RHT fibers. Conversely, a higher proportion of old SCN neurons exhibited synaptic facilitation, and variance–mean analysis indicated an increase in the probability of release in RHT terminals. Moreover, both spontaneous and miniature postsynaptic events displayed larger amplitudes in neurons from aged mice, whereas analysis of the NMDA and AMPA–kainate components (evoked by RHT electrical stimulation) disclosed no difference between the two ages studied. Immunohistochemistry revealed a bigger size in the puncta of vGluT2, GluN2B, and GluN2A of elderly animals, and the number of immunopositive particles was increased, but that of PSD‐95 was reduced. All these synaptic adaptations could be part of compensatory mechanisms in the glutamatergic signaling to ameliorate the loss of RHT terminals in old animals.
An optimized approach for increasing lesion size in temperature‐controled setting using a catheter with a surface thermocouple and efficient irrigation
Authors: Takigawa Masateru , Yamaguchi Junji , Goya Masahiko , Iwakawa Hidehiro , Yamamoto Tasuku , Amemiya Miki , Ikenouchi Takashi , Negishi Miho , Kawamura Iwanari , Goto Kentaro , Shigeta Takatoshi , Nishimura Takuro , Takamiya Tomomasa , Tao Susumu , Ohuchi Katsuhiro , Suzuki Sayaka , Miyazaki Shinsuke , Sasano Tetsuo
Published: April 2024

Background

We explore an optimized approach for increasing lesion size using a novel ablation catheter with a surface thermocouple and efficient irrigation in a temperature‐control setting.

Methods

We conducted radiofrequency applications at various power levels (35 W, 40 W, and 45 W), contact forces (CFs, 10 g/20 g), and durations (60 s/120 s/180 s) in perpendicular/parallel catheter orientations, with normal saline irrigation (NS‐irrigation) and Half NS‐irrigation (HNS‐irrigation) in an ex‐vivo model (Step 1). In addition, we performed applications (35 W/40 W/45 W for 60 s/120 s/180 s in NS‐irrigation and 35 W/40 W for 60 s/120 s/180 s in HNS‐irrigation) in four swine (Step 2), evaluating lesion characteristics and the occurrence of steam pops.

Results

In Step 1, out of 288 lesions, we observed 47 (16.3%) steam pops, with 13 in NS‐irrigation and 34 in HNS‐irrigation (p = .001). Although steam pops were mostly observed with the most aggressive setting (45 W/180 s, 54%) with NS‐irrigation, they happened in less aggressive settings with HNS irrigation. Lesion size significantly increased with longer‐duration ablation but not with HNS‐irrigation. The optimal %impedance‐drop cutoff to predict steam pops was 20% with a negative‐predictive‐value (NPV) = 95.1% including NS‐ and HNS‐irrigation groups, and 22% with an NPV = 96.1% in NS‐irrigation group. In Step 2, similar to the ex‐vivo model, lesion size significantly increased with longer‐duration ablation but not with HNS‐irrigation. Steam pops were absent with NS‐irrigation (0/35) even with the largest %impedance‐drop reaching 31% at 45 W/180 s. All steam pops were observed with HNS‐irrigation (6/21, 29%). The optimal %impedance‐drop cutoff predicting steam pops was 24% with an NPV = 96.3% including both NS‐ and HNS‐irrigation groups.

Conclusions

Rather than using HNS‐irrigation, very long‐duration of radiofrequency applications up to 45 W/180 s may be recommended to safely and effectively increase lesion dimensions using this catheter with NS‐irrigation.
When competitive rewards create obsessions with bottom‐line outcomes: A social interdependence theory perspective of the mediating role of bottom‐line mentality
Authors: Mawritz Mary B. , Greenbaum Rebecca L. , Deng Yingli , Rosikiewicz Blythe L. , Farro Andrea C. , Mitchell Mark
Published: April 2024

We rely on social interdependence theory to examine bottom‐line mentality (BLM) as a motivational state that explains the effects of competitive rewards on oppositional actions in the forms of decreases in interpersonal organizational citizenship behavior (OCBI) and increases in social undermining. In line with social interdependence theory, we also examine learning goal orientation as a motivational attribute that can weaken these effects, suggesting that in comparison to employees low on learning goal orientation, employees high on the attribute are less likely to respond to their BLMs (that result from competitive rewards) with dysfunctional behaviors, because these employees will pursue their bottom‐line outcomes with an innate motivation to learn. We tested our hypotheses with three studies: an experimental study, a multisource, field study from a U.S. corporation, and a diverse, multisource, time‐lagged field study. Results from the experimental study and first field study revealed that BLM mediated the negative relationship between competitive rewards and OCBI; the second field study replicated these findings and demonstrated support for our full moderated mediation model. We provide theoretical and empirical support for the notion that BLM can serve as a motivational state that explains the effects of competition on workplace behaviors and learning goal orientation influences these effects.
Porcine computational modeling to investigate developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Yu Chia‐Yu , Mannen Erin M. , Lujan Trevor J. , Uzer Gunes , Upasani Vidyadhar , Edmonds Eric W. , Fitzpatrick Clare K.
Published: April 2024

While it is well‐established that early detection and initiation of treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is crucial to successful clinical outcomes, research on the mechanics of the hip joint during healthy and pathological hip development in infants is limited. Quantification of mechanical behavior in both the healthy and dysplastic developing joints may provide insight into the causes of DDH and facilitate innovation in treatment options. In this study, subject‐specific three‐dimensional finite element models of two pigs were developed: one healthy pig and one pig with induced dysplasia in the right hindlimb. The objectives of this study were: (1) to characterize mechanical behavior in the acetabular articular cartilage during a normal walking cycle by analyzing six metrics: contact pressure, contact area, strain energy density, von Mises stress, principal stress, and principal strain; and (2) to quantify the effect on joint mechanics of three anatomic abnormalities previously identified as related to DDH: variation in acetabular coverage, morphological changes in the femoral head, and changes in the articular cartilage. All metrics, except the contact area, were elevated in the dysplastic joint. Morphological changes in the femoral head were determined to be the most significant factors in elevating contact pressure in the articular cartilage, while the effects of acetabular coverage and changes in the articular cartilage were less significant. The quantification of the pathomechanics of DDH in this study can help identify key mechanical factors that restore normal hip development and can lead to mechanics‐driven treatment options.