bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic trajectories of land use and land cover changes in Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Purnama Miftahul Irsyadi , Çoban H. Oğuz
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the dynamic trajectories of land use and land cover (LULC) changes in Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, from 2013 to 2022. Utilizing Landsat satellite imagery and a combination of land cover classes from the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) with the machine learning-based Random Forest algorithm, we aimed to improve classification accuracy and model land cover transitions over time. Intensity analysis was used to measure the impact of population-related land use changes, while trajectory analysis quantified the directional shifts in land cover was employed to quantify and characterize these changes. The analysis highlights substantial transitions from primary and secondary forests to agricultural lands and urban areas, driven by urbanization, population growth, and infrastructure development. Specifically, the period saw a significant forest loss of 28,095 hectares, accounting for 24% of the total forest area, alongside a modest forest gain of 2,453 hectares, indicating ongoing environmental pressures. Despite conservation efforts, rapid economic growth continues to threaten Lombok's forest ecosystems. These findings underscore the urgent need for sustainable land management policies to balance development and ecological preservation while mitigating future forest losses.
Tree inventory and ecosystem service assessment using web-based geographic information system (GIS) tools: Case study in Edirne
Authors: Malkoç Eylül
Published: December 2024

In addition to covering essential human needs, such as food, fuel, and timber, trees have been providing numerous health, aesthetic, and recreational benefits throughout history. Trees in urban areas provide significant ecosystem services, particularly in relation to air quality regulation via particulate matter (PM) entrapment and greenhouse gas absorption. This study was aimed to elucidate the regulatory ecosystem service capacity of trees in the Selimiye Campus of Trakya University, Edirne, Türkiye. We compiled a tree inventory and a method for assessing regulatory ecosystem services using web-based geographic information system (GIS) tools, namely Google Earth, Google My Maps, and MyTree. The results showed that the Selimiye Campus has 197 trees of 22 species. These trees remove 330 kg of pollutants and sequester 5851.09 kg of carbon annually. Despite its limited tree capacity, the Selimiye Campus holds significant potential for regulatory ecosystem services. Overall, this study emphasises the importance of compiling tree inventories using web-based tools to guide landscape planning and decision-making processes. It also highlights that campuses are essential components of urban green spaces, contributing to green area development and providing regulatory ecosystem services.
How Warm-Glow, Economic, Environmental, and Health Motives Influence Farmers’ Satisfaction in Practicing Organic Farming in Java, Indonesia
Authors: Muntoro  , Irham Irham , Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo , Suryantini Any
Published: December 2024

Numerous studies have been conducted on organic farming motives, however, less focus has been directed to warm-glow motives—the novelty of this study. This study aims to elaborate on the impact of the warm glow in addition to economic, environmental, and health motives on farmers’ satisfaction in practicing organic farming. This study was conducted in Sleman Regency of Yogyakarta Province as well as Magelang and Semarang Regencies of Central Java Province, Indonesia. By using a structured questionnaire, 259 certified organic farmers were interviewed. A 5-point Likert scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree was employed. A structural equation model (SEM) was utilized to analyze the relationship between the four motives and their influences on farmers’ satisfaction in practicing organic farming. The results revealed that warm-glow motives demonstrated a significant positive effect on the satisfaction of farmers in practicing organic farming concurrently with economic, health, and environmental motives. The significant effect of warm-glow motives has provided a new perspective in understanding their role in organic farming. The study discovered that warm-glow motives corresponded to the noble values of local society and were suitable for developing the organic farming system. The study also disclosed that by encouraging warm-glow motives, farmers could enhance their satisfaction by achieving their goals in economic, health, and environmental aspects. In other words, improving farmers’ satisfaction in organic farming by reinforcing their warm-glow motives was crucial.
Fetal and maternal outcomes of gestational thrombocytopenia: an observational study
Authors: Kadiyala Tapasvi , John Lopamudra B. , Kadirvel Karthikeyan
Published: December 2024

Background: The most common cause of pregnancy-related thrombocytopenia is gestational thrombocytopenia. There is a paucity of studies showing the effect of GT in mothers and neonates in the Indian population. So the present study was done to find out maternal and fetal outcomes of gestational thrombocytopenia in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: 92 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational thrombocytopenia with platelet count of less than 150000 were enrolled.  Women with hypertensive disorders, autoimmune diseases, acute and chronic kidney disease, infections like dengue fever were excluded. The participants were evaluated by taking detailed history, clinical examination and routine investigations like complete blood count. Demographic variables like age, parity and clinical details like when she was diagnosed with gestational thrombocytopenia and what was the platelet count were noted. Complete blood count-platelets were measured at the time of diagnosis. Patients were followed through the pregnancy   until delivery, various maternal factors were observed like oligohydramnios, IUGR, Antepartum hemorrhage, mode of delivery, post-delivery complications like PPH, incision site hematoma.  Neonatal outcomes studied were APGAR, birth weight, neonatal thrombocytopenia and NICU admission.
Results: There was no positive correlation between mothers with gestational thrombocytopenia and adverse maternal, neonatal outcomes (age, liquor abnormalities, IUGR, mode of delivery, APH, PPH, incision hematoma, neonatal thrombocytopenia, APGAR, birth weight, NICU admissions).
Conclusions: It’s concluded that women with gestational thrombocytopenia do not have any adverse antenatal, perinatal, intrapartum, postnatal and neonatal complications.
Study of maternal and foetal outcome in labouring women with severe and moderate anaemia
Authors: Srungavarapu Revathi , Bidri Shailaja R. , Yaliwal Rajasri , Shiragur Shobha
Published: December 2024

Background: Anaemia, a significant public health concern in India. This study has evaluated the differences in maternal and foetal effects of moderate and severe maternal anaemia in Indian context.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted among adult, term pregnant women with moderate and severe anaemia at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a tertiary medical college between August and June 2024. A convenient sampling was used to recruit the patients after written informed consent. Detailed history, and clinical findings recorded, and descriptive statistical analyses were performed.
Results: We recruited a total number of 245 pregnant women. The mean age was 25.3 years (SD 3.9 years). The prevalence of moderate anaemia was 63.3% (n=155) and severe anaemia was 36.7% (n=90). Severe anaemia had higher rates of packed cell and whole blood transfusions, and ICU admissions compared to moderate anaemia. Iron sucrose requirement was higher in the moderate anaemia group. Newborn had more frequent incidence of low-birth weight babies, and foetal distress in the severe anaemia group compared to the moderate anaemia group. No significant differences were found in foetal maturity, APGAR scores, meconium-stained liquor, or neonatal deaths between the moderate and severe anaemia groups.
Conclusions: This study highlights the high prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women, with both moderate and severe cases posing significant risks. Effective management strategies like early screening and diagnosis, nutritional interventions, iron supplementation, medical management, education and awareness, and further research are required to reduce the prevalence and combat the condition.
Maternal and foetal outcome in COVID-19 infection: what we learnt and what lies ahead
Authors: Shaikh Ambreen , Mayadeo Niranjan , Dwivedi Jyotsna , Mandlik Madhura
Published: December 2024

Background: The world has seen 16 major pandemics since its inception. COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), being the most recent one, was a pandemic the world faced, due to a new coronavirus called the SARS-CoV-2. It originated in Wuhan, China and soon grappled the whole world. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. This pandemic lasted for three years, with the WHO finally declaring an end to the global health emergency on May 5, 2023 Pregnant women remain a vulnerable population for such respiratory illnesses that pose a risk to not only the mother but also the foetus.
Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care, premium institute in Mumbai, during the third wave of COVID 19 in India. Primary objective was to assess maternal and foetal outcome in COVID 19 positive patients. Secondary objective was to assess rate of preterm delivery in COVID 19 positive patients.
Results: 103 COVID 19 positive women were included in the study. 74.7% patients who had tested positive, were asymptomatic. There was no statistical difference between the mode of delivery of patients. The most common comorbidity in the positive patients was pre-eclampsia (15.53%).  2.9% patients received Remdesivir and 2.9% received Favipravir. 58.2% were transferred to a dedicated COVID 19 hospital post-delivery. There were three intrauterine foetal demises. 18 (17.47%) women delivered preterm under 37 weeks. The rate of preterm delivery was significantly higher in COVID-positive patients (p-value <0.00025).
Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges for healthcare workers and policymakers. It is crucial for clinicians to learn from this experience to enhance preparedness and mitigate future adversities.
Is mifepristone better than dinoprostone gel for induction of labor at term? Feto-maternal outcome in tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Krishna K. Sowmya , Vellanki Janaki
Published: December 2024

Background: The global increase in labor inductions has resulted in corresponding rise in failed inductions, instrumental deliveries and c-section rates significantly contributing to feto-maternal morbidity and mortality indicating critical need for better induction methods ensuring safer outcomes with minimal complications. This study compares 200mg oral mifepristone with 0.5mg intracervical dinoprostone gel for labor induction in latent phase at term gestation, focusing on safety, efficiency, complications and feto-maternal outcomes.
Methods: This was a prospective, randomized comparative study conducted at Gandhi Hospital, a tertiary healthcare teaching institute, from April to June 2024 admitted for safe confinement after 37 completed weeks of gestation in OBG department, divided into Group A and B (75 each) receiving 200mg oral mifepristone and 0.5mg intracervical dinoprostone gel respectively.
Results: The induction delivery interval was significantly shorter in Group B compared to Group A. However, the rate of successful induction of labor (IOL) or vaginal delivery was higher in Group A. Group B had higher rate of interventional deliveries including vacuum, forceps delivery or LSCS, with more maternal complications & NICU admissions.
Conclusions: It concludes that mifepristone is a better drug reducing the need for additional prostaglandins or other induction methods and has modest effect on cervical ripening for labor induction at term with lesser complications despite longer induction delivery interval compared to dinoprostone. Therefore, mifepristone is a safe, efficient and cost-effective drug offering easy patient compliance and application.
Influence of meconium stained liqour on fetomaternal outcome
Authors: Shah Jui , Anand Rakesh
Published: December 2024

Background: Amnion, the membrane covering the fetus is filled with amniotic fluid which is nature’s mechanism to protect the fetus against several intrauterine hazards. The amount of amniotic fluid varies and keeps on increasing till near term and then declines. Meconium-stained liquor is a dire emergency and all labour protocols change rapidly as it is an indicator of asphyxia and distress.
Methods: This study was done in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Dhiraj Hospital. Study duration was 1.5 years. A total of 160 patients were included in the study. Various maternal and neonatal parameters were assessed to identify the outcome of clear liquor group and meconium-stained group. Further subdivision of meconium staining into thin and thick meconium was also done.
Results: A sharp increase in the incidence of caesarean section and instrumental delivery was noted in the meconium-stained liquor group. The APGAR scores at 1 minute and 5 minutes showed greater risk to the neonate in thick meconium staining. Incidence of birth asphyxia and Meconium Aspiration Syndrome were found more in the meconium-stained group.
Conclusions: Early detection of high-risk pregnancies in the antenatal period and timely intervention can prevent a lot of cases of meconium staining. Initial management of fetal hypoxia helps in improving fetal status dramatically.
Impact of trigger protocol and embryo transfer type on IVF pregnancy outcomes: a single-center, retrospective, observational study
Authors: Divya Selvamani , Samundi Sankari , Mithilasri Gunapati , A. S. Hemapriya
Published: December 2024

Background: Infertility, defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse, affects over 186 million people globally, with a significant burden in developing countries. Assisted reproductive technology (ART), particularly in vitro fertilization (IVF), has evolved as a key intervention for infertility, with advancements such as ovulation triggers playing a crucial role. This study investigates the effectiveness of single versus dual trigger methods between fresh and frozen embryo transfers and their impact on IVF outcomes.
Methods: This observational study was conducted at Srushti Fertility Centre and Women’s Hospital from 2022 to 2023. A consecutive sampling of 140 participants undergoing ART was performed, categorizing them into Single Trigger (n=48) and Dual Trigger (n=92) groups. Key parameters such as age, hormonal levels (AMH, FSH, LH), endometrial thickness, and serum progesterone levels were measured and analyzed in relation to IVF outcomes.
Results: The study found that optimal endometrial thickness (8-9 mm, p=0.031) and low progesterone levels (<0.5 ng/mL, p=0.003) were significantly associated with positive IVF outcomes. Fresh transfers with low progesterone levels (p=0.016) and dual trigger methods produced better embryo development. However, IVF outcomes did not differ significantly between fresh and frozen embryo transfers (p=0.276).
Conclusions: The dual trigger method, especially with frozen transfers, enhances embryo quality and pregnancy rates. However, overall differences between frozen and fresh transfers were not statistically significant, emphasizing individualized hormonal management for better outcomes. This study highlights the importance of optimizing endometrial thickness and managing progesterone levels to improve pregnancy success in ART.
Analysis of fetal growth restriction in pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sharma Shuchi , Das Jayita , Bhardwaj Suraj
Published: December 2024

Background: IUGR is a major cause of perinatal morbidity, perinatal mortality and both short-term and life-long morbidities. New protocols for the diagnosis and management of late onset FGR need to be implemented.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Government medical college Mandi, Himachal Pradesh for period of one year from 1st January 2023 to 31st December 2023.
Results: Total incidence of fetal growth restriction was 773 (16.9%). Most common age group was 31 to 35 year. In 58.3% patients, the cause of fetal growth restriction was unknown. The second commonest cause was hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (23.2%). Majority had vaginal delivery. There were 38.31% NICU admissions and 11.49% premature neonates.
Conclusion: This study analyses the risk factors which can be used for screening and   vigilant monitoring of antenatal patients with fetal growth restriction and preventing iatrogenic preterm termination of pregnancy and improving the perinatal outcome. Strict fetal surveillance is keystone to good perinatal outcome.
Study of vaginal infections in women with infertility
Authors: Jayaprakash Adithi , Anand Ashok R. , Wakde Deoyani , Parasnis Ketki , Ekka Ranjita
Published: December 2024

Background: Infertility, being multifactorial in origin and complex to treat, the recognition, evaluation and treatment of infertility is complicated. Our study aimed at learning the association of vaginal infections and infertility and to compare the vaginal flora.
Methods: An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of vaginal infections among women with infertility and a control group. 230 participants were recruited from the outpatient department of an urban tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India. Comprehensive assessments, including sociodemographic information, clinical evaluation, and vaginal swab analysis, were performed. Statistical analysis of the collected data revealed potential associations between vaginal infections and infertility.
Results: Our study found a significant association between vaginal infections and infertility, as noted by 50.4% and 22.6% being the prevalence of vaginal infections in infertility and control group respectively. The most common vaginal infection was bacterial vaginosis being 24.3% prevalent in infertile group and 13% in control group. The second most common vaginal infection was Candida- 13% in infertile women and 7.8% in control group. Other isolated pathogens included E. coli, Staphylococcus, Gonococcus, and Trichomonas. No significant association was found between vaginal infections and any specific implicated infertility factors.
Conclusions: In conclusion, preventing and treating vaginal infections is a critical aspect of infertility management. By implementing early detection, appropriate treatment, and preventive measures, couples can significantly improve their chances of achieving pregnancy.
Expectant versus active management of small for gestational age pregnancies with normal Doppler parameters: an observational study
Authors: Byreddy Srinavya , John Lopamudra B. , D. Suriya
Published: December 2024

Background: A successful pregnancy depends on the foetus developing normally, which in turn impacts the foetal health in future. While 70% of small for gestational age (SGA) babies are naturally small and safe, 30% are abnormally little and have a lesser kind of fetal growth restriction (FGR) when their Doppler measurements are normal. Despite normal Doppler at 37 weeks, clinicians often induce all SGA pregnancies, which increases the risk of iatrogenic preterm delivery and surgical treatments. The aim of this study was to assess pregnancy outcome of expectant and active management of small for gestational age pregnancies with normal Doppler parameters.
Methods: Study included pregnant women diagnosed as small for gestational age pregnancy with normal Doppler parameters between 28 and 39weeks. The study population (n=60) were divided into two groups- Group 1- Expectant management: To wait up to 39weeks for spontaneous onset of labor, if not induction at 39 weeks. Group 2 - Active management: Induction of labor at 37weeks of gestation. All study participants were followed until delivery. Maternal parameters like onset of labour, Mode of delivery were studied, fetal and neonatal parameters like Apgar score, birth weight and NICU admission were studied.
Results: Group 1 expectantly managed group had more spontaneous onset of labour compared to Group 2 which was statistically significant and higher birth weight, more vaginal deliveries and lesser NICU admissions were noted in group 1 compared to group 2.
Conclusions: We concluded that SGA pregnancies with normal Doppler parameters may be considered for elective induction at a later date for better maternal and fetal outcomes.
Fibroids with atypical presentation and related surgical challenges: case series
Authors: Khanam Rosy , Hazarika Bhaswati
Published: December 2024

Uterine fibroids refer to benign growth arising from uterus and are considered to be the most common gynaecological tumour mostly seen in women of reproductive age group. Myomas or uterine fibroids in majority may be asymptomatic and are diagnosed incidentally on imaging or on clinical examination. Significant morbidity can be caused by uterine fibroids by causing uterine bleeding, anemia, bulk symptoms and fertility issues. Quality of life can be severely affected in women with symptomatic fibroids. Uterine fibroids can be diagnosed early by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, certain cases may present with unusual ultrasound and MRI reports causing diagnostic dilemma. Currently it is the most common indication for hysterectomy worldwide. We report 6 cases of uterine fibroids with atypical presentation with respect to location and features that caused diagnostic challenges and difficult surgeries that were performed at our institution.
A case report on antepartum and postpartum management of Wilson's disease
Authors: K. P. Bhavani Sree , R. Mangaiyakarasi , D. Tamilselvi
Published: December 2024

Wilson's disease incidence is about one in 30,000 live births. Usually occurs between the ages of 5 years and 35 years. It was described first in the year 1854 by Friedrich Theodor von Frerichs (German pathologist) and is named after Samuel Wilson (British neurologist). With our experience in this case, we are explaining the antepartum and postpartum management of a rare case of Wilson’s disease.
Eyes see what brain knows-a diagnostic hustle-ruptured interstitial pregnancy masqueraded as ovarian simple cyst torsion: a case report
Authors: Jain Dikshita , Gupta Alka , Shikhanshi
Published: December 2024

Ectopic pregnancy accounts for 2-3% of total pregnancies and is one of the common causes of first-trimester bleeding and maternal morbidity and mortality. It occurs when a blastocyst gets implanted outside the uterine cavity, most commonly in the fallopian tubes. It is generally characterized by a triad of a period of amenorrhea, per vaginal bleeding, and pain in the abdomen. Around 2-4% of total ectopic pregnancies are due to implantation at the interstitial part of the fallopian tube. Being supported by nearby myometrium it usually presents late. Because of its location, it can lead to cornual rupture causing complications like torrential bleeding, which can be life-threatening. Here we present a case of a 35-year-old female presenting with acute abdominal pain, no period of amenorrhea and an ovarian cyst mimicked as ovarian cyst torsion which ultimately got diagnosed as ruptured interstitial pregnancy.
Management of giant complex multiloculated ovarian cyst in a young female through minimal invasive laparoscopic surgery-a case study
Authors: Kunnaiah Anitha
Published: December 2024

Giant ovarian cysts are tumors characterized by diameters exceeding 10 cm. In recent times, these cysts have become exceedingly rare, attributed to their early diagnosis and management, facilitated by advancements in imaging technology. A 24-year-old woman presented in the Gynecology Department with the complaints like abdominal distention with mild pain and unexplained weight gain. Her medical history included a previous laparoscopic cystectomy, on the right side. An ultrasound examination disclosed a significant abdominopelvic multiloculated cystic lesion. Blood tests showed that the levels of markers CA-125, CA 19-9, alpha fetoprotein, LDH and HCG were within normal ranges, indicating no signs of malignancy. This benign giant complex multiloculated cyst has been effectively managed by means of 4 port laparoscopic technique. In premenopausal women, the occurrence of ovarian cysts is notably prevalent, with the majority being benign and functional. These cysts can attain significant sizes. Ultrasound imaging may also lead to misdiagnosis, necessitating the employment of advanced imaging modalities like MRI. Persistent complex ovarian cysts measuring more than 10 cm in diameter, especially if they present with symptoms, warrant consideration for surgical intervention. The presence of progressive abdominal distension in younger women should prompt a heightened suspicion of an ovarian tumor, specifically one of the benign varieties, such as a mucinous cystadenoma. In spite of being non-cancerous, their significant size can lead to complications, potentially rendering their surgical excision a life-threatening procedure.
Traumatic uterine rupture following instrumental delivery
Authors: Patil Sanika , Mittal Stuti , Sharma Sunil , Gabhane Sameeksha
Published: December 2024

Uterine rupture is a very rare but critical obstetric complication that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. An instrumental vaginal delivery refers to an obstetrical procedure in which active measures are taken to accomplish a normal delivery by applying traction on the foetal head by using forceps or vacuum. If all the prior pre requisitions required for an instrumental delivery are not met, it can lead to disastrous complications like a uterine rupture. Here’s presenting a case of a 32-year-old female, para 2 living 2 with uterine rupture following instrumental vaginal delivery. This led to traumatic postpartum haemorrhage that required further surgical evaluation and management. There are potential risks associated with instrumental deliveries and there is a need for vigilance in managing and monitoring potential complications. If all the prior requisites are not met it can lead to uterine rupture which can be avoided. In this case the combined efforts of intensivists, obstetric and cardiovascular surgeons ensured the preservation of the uterus, which is notable given the extent of injury. The preservation of the uterus is noteworthy, as uterine rupture often necessitates hysterectomy to manage uncontrolled haemorrhage or severe damage. It also contributes to the medical literature by detailing an exceptional instance of uterine rupture due to vacuum assisted delivery, providing valuable insights for future clinical practice.
Drug induced pulmonary artery hypertension in a parturient-diagnostic challenge
Authors: Ramanathan Ramayee , Natarajan Usha
Published: December 2024

A 28-year-old gravida 2 abortion 1 at 40 weeks of gestation, Rh Negative non iso-immunized with no other obstetric or medical comorbidities and uneventful antenatal period was admitted for induction of labor on date. In view of pathological cardiotocography with fetal distress, she was taken up for emergency caesarean section under epidural anaesthesia. After delivery of the baby, she had postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) which was controlled with uterotonics. But immediately after administration of intramuscular carboprost, she had ectopic beats on echocardiogram (ECG) monitor, for which she was evaluated postoperatively and diagnosed as pulmonary artery hypertension. As diagnosis of exclusion, drug induced pulmonary artery hypertension was made. This case report insists on importance of continuous vitals and cardiac monitoring while treating PPH to predict and prevent the major complications associated with medications used for management of PPH.
Thoracic endometriosis: a brief review
Authors: V. Dhruthi , Kondapuram Veena , Datti Sujata N. , Dalei Bhubaneswari
Published: December 2024

Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of functional endometrial like glands and stroma outside the uterus. The most common extra pelvic site is thoracic cavity, which produces a range of clinical and radiological manifestations which include catamenial pneumothorax, hemothorax, hemoptysis, and pulmonary nodules resulting in thoracic endometriosis syndrome. This article reviews the condition of thoracic endometriosis syndrome, with details about symptoms, clinical examination, radiological features and management options are reviewed. The theories explaining such uncommon locations of endometriosis are discussed briefly. The role of local therapy and hormonal therapy, and description of our experience with two cases are presented.
A study on drug adherence in adults with obstructive airway diseases and its correlation with socio-economic status and gender in a semi-urban multi-specialty hospital
Authors: S Sulfiya , Govind Nikhila K , Ajith Arya , Balakrishna Harikrishnan , K V Hiba Fathima
Published: December 2024

To effectively treat obstructive airway disorders (OADs), including bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), medication adherence is essential. Although there is little information on adherence habits in Indian semi-urban areas, poor adherence can lead to suboptimal outcomes

To find the level of medication adherence in adults with Obstructive Airway Diseases & to find the association between medication adherence in adults with Obstructive Airway Diseases and their Socio-economic status and gender.

To assess the difference in drug adherence between single and multiple inhaler therapy.

A Cross-sectional study is performed in MGM Muthoot Medical Centre, Pathanamthitta among 100 participants diagnosed with obstructive airway diseases (OADs). Data regarding adherence will be collected using Morisky's Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) and SES by Modified Kuppuswamy's scale. Statistical analysis taken with the help of Chi-square tests, and p<0.05 is considered to be significant.

Among the population of patients, 49% had reported low adherence, 28% medium, and 23% high adherence. SES was significantly associated with adherence (p<0.05) as lower SES groups showed lower adherence. Gender and type of inhaler therapy did not impact adherence significantly.

Socio-economic disparities enormously impact drug adherence among OADs. Therefore, the intervention focused on the lower SES becomes very important.
Post marketing surveillance study (PMS) to assess the safety of fixed-dose combination therapy of paracetamol, phenylephrine, and chlorpheniramine maleate for the symptomatic treatment of common cold in Indian adults
Authors: Trailokya Abhijit , Shirsat Amar , Wankhede Shaijesh , Talware Avinash
Published: December 2024

The common cold is a frequent acute infection of the upper respiratory tract, with adults typically experiencing 4 to 6 episodes annually. For symptomatic treatment of common cold fixed dose combination (FDC) of paracetamol, phenylephrine and chlorpheniramine maleate are commonly used in clinical practice since long, However, there is limited research on the safety assessment of such fixed-dose combination therapies. This study evaluates the safety and effectiveness of a FDC containing 500 mg paracetamol, 10 mg phenylephrine and 2 mg chlorpheniramine maleate tablets for the symptomatic treatment of common cold in Indian adults.

A total of 200 patients aged 18 to 65 years were recruited for this study. The primary focus was on evaluating the safety of a FDC containing 500 mg of paracetamol, 10 mg of phenylephrine and 2 mg of chlorpheniramine maleate in a tablet formulation (Febrex Plus). The study spanned 5 days, with patients visiting the clinical trial site on the first day for a baseline assessment, followed by re-evaluation visits on the 2, 3, 4 and 5 day. Safety assessments were based on adverse events reported by the patients. Effectiveness was evaluated only on the basis of symptomatic relief.

During the study, a total of 24 adverse events were reported, all of which were mild in intensity and completely resolved. Eleven patients (5.5%) reported mild allergic reactions, six patients (3%) reported nausea, one patient (0.5%) reported vomiting, and six patients (3%) reported sleepiness. No unexpected or serious adverse events were reported in any of the patients. Nearly all patients experienced symptomatic relief by the third day of treatment.

The FDC containing 500 mg of paracetamol, 10 mg of phenylephrine and 2 mg of chlorpheniramine maleate tablets was found to be safe and effective for the symptomatic treatment of common cold in adults. CTRI/2020/06/026030.
Respiratory challenges in huntington\'s disease: The emergence of hydropneumothorax
Authors: Meghana C S , B S Girish , B S Nikitha , K Roopa , Srinivasan R
Published: December 2024

Hydropneumothorax, an abnormal collection of fluid and air in the cavity of the pleural space, typically arises by medical interventions such as fluid aspiration or intercostal tube infections. Hydropneumothorax due to tuberculosis is an unusual presentation characterized by the respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath, cough, fever, in addition to extra pulmonary symptoms. There has been a scanty data on patients presenting with hydropneumothorax due to tuberculosis as its occurrence is relatively rare. Here we present a case of 30-year-old Asian man with Huntington's disease arrived to emergency department with complaints of severe breathing issues, discomfort in his chest, and decreased response. During chest auscultation, a distinct Hippocratic succussion splash was observed which was likely attributed to fluid movement in the right lung. A CT scan indicated considerable fluid accumulations with mediastinal shift and fibro-atelectatic bands in the right lung for which he was diagnosed with hydropneumothorax. Followed which he was put on mechanical respiration and an intercostal drainage tube. Micrococcus were detected after a microbiological investigation. Sputum analysis, tuberculin skin test and PCR analysis revealed the presence of acid-fast bacillus. He then received anti TB drugs along with intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam, inotropic support, nebulization drugs. However, the patient eventually developed sepsis due to the wide spread of the infection.
Gelucire: A wonderful excipient for improving the physicochemical characteristics of drugs and controlled release matrices
Authors: Swain Surya Kanta , Chakraborty Apala
Published: December 2024

The Gelucire family of vehicles is made from a combination of PEG esters of fatty acids and mono-, di-, and triglycerides. These come in a variety of qualities based on their melting point range (33–65 °C) and HLB. They can be used in a wide range of topical and oral preparations. Enhancement of solubility and bioavailability, sustained drug release, taste masking, and protection of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) against oxygen, light, and humidity are some of the uses for oral formulation. Topical formulations can be used as thickeners, stabilize creams, lotions, and gels, and improve drug absorption via the skin. Fast-release formulations are often prepared using gelucire that contains solely PEG esters. Sustained release formulations are prepared using gelucire that contains either glycerides alone or a combination of glycerides and PEG esters. Their low density and great hydrophobicity make them suitable carriers for the construction of sustained release medication delivery systems.
A clinical study on single-dose intravenous iron therapy’s impact on hemoglobin and its outcomes in hospitalized chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Yadav Poshan , Narendra Varma J  , Goutham Krishna K  , Noufal Rizhwan H  , Satheesh Kumar E. , Padma L
Published: December 2024

Anemia is a common complication in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) due to reduced erythropoietin production and iron deficiency, leading to poor patient outcomes. Intravenous (IV) iron therapy is preferred over oral supplements for its efficacy in rapidly improving hemoglobin levels and replenishing iron stores. Single-dose IV iron formulations like Ferric Carboxymaltose offer a convenient and effective option for anemia management in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients.

Study on single-dose intravenous iron therapy’s impact on hemoglobin and its outcomes in hospitalized chronic kidney disease patients.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 hospitalized Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients receiving single-dose IV iron therapy (Ferric Carboxymaltose, Iron Sucrose, or Monoferric). Outcomes including hemoglobin improvement, iron parameters, adverse events, and cost-effectiveness were analyzed pre- and post-treatment.

The majority of patients (59%) were over 50 years old, with males accounting for 55% of the study group. The most prevalent comorbidities were Hypertension (91.5%) and type 2 diabetes (51%). The average Body Mass Index (BMI) reduced from 22.8 to 21.2 after the intervention. The most commonly provided iron formulation was Ferric Carboxymaltose (69.5%), followed by iron sucrose (16.5%) and Monoferric (14%). Hemoglobin levels rose by an average of 2.3 units in 51.5% of patients, with a mean time to target of 5.1 days. Ferritin levels increased by 41.4% after therapy, whereas TIBC and transferrin saturation remained stable. Hypertension was the most common side effect, with 74 cases documented (23 mild, 43 moderate, and 8 severe).

The study found that Single-Dose Intravenous Iron therapy increases hemoglobin levels and Iron parameters in CKD patients, with Ferric Carboxymaltose being the most effective formulation. The medication also reduced post-hemodialysis BMI and was cost-effective for anemia management. The most common comorbidity was hypertension, and while there were some adverse events, they were largely controlled. Overall, Intravenous Iron therapy reduced anemia and its associated hazards, leading to better patient outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) care.
Społeczny wymiar miłości chrześcijańskiej w encyklikach Dilexit nos, Deus Caritas est oraz Caritas in Veritate
Authors: Zadroga Adam
Published: December 2024

Artykuł analizuje społeczny wymiar miłości w nauczaniu papieży Franciszka i Benedykta XVI, opierając się na ich encyklikach Dilexit nos, Deus Caritas est oraz Caritas in Veritate. Celem badań jest ukazanie chrześcijańskiej miłości jako fundamentu sprawiedliwego i solidarnego społeczeństwa, co uzasadnia jej znaczenie wobec współczesnych wyzwań społecznych. Metodyka obejmuje krytyczną analizę tekstu oraz porównanie rozumienia kluczowych pojęć. Struktura analizy ukazuje unikatowe spojrzenia obu papieży: Franciszek kładzie nacisk na serce jako źródło miłości społecznej, a Benedykt akcentuje związek miłości z prawdą i sprawiedliwością. Wnioski wskazują na chrześcijańską miłość jako siłę jednoczącą odpowiedzialność osobistą z wysiłkami na rzecz dobra wspólnego i sprawiedliwości społecznej.
Motywy prawosławne w twórczości teologicznej s. Marii Celeste Crostarosa (1696-1755)
Authors: Berechowska Bożena
Published: December 2024

Błogosławiona Maria Celeste Crostarosa, włoska mistyczka osiemnastego wieku, jest założycielką Zakonu Najświętszego Odkupiciela. Jej bogatą twórczość teologiczną stanowią głownie zapiski duchowe własnych przeżyć mistycznych, autobiografia i wskazówki duchowe skierowane zwłaszcza do sióstr własnego zakonu. Jej nauczanie było zgodne z oficjalnym nauczaniem Kościoła Katolickiego ówczesnych czasów (co zostało wnikliwie zbadane przez Święte Oficjum jeszcze za życia Crostarosy), jednakże zadziwia sposób w jaki opisywała swoje doświadczenie duchowe. Używała często pojęć i terminów, które są charakterystyczne dla teologii Kościoła Prawosławnego. W okresie panującego rygoryzmu prezentowała duchowość otwartą, pogodną, troszczącą się o zbawienie każdego człowieka, także spoza Kościoła katolickiego, czym zdecydowanie wyprzedziła swoje czasy.
W artykule wybrano niektóre elementy nauczania Crostarosy, które można uznać za motywy prawosławne, takie jak: sposób opisywania Trójcy Świętej, relacji wewnątrz Trójcy, relacji z każdą z Osób Trójcy Świętej, przebóstwienie, droga poznania Boga – pozytywna (katafatyczna) i negatywna (apofatyczna), pragnąc pokazać, że jej mistyka i nauczanie jest ponadkonfesyjne, a nawet wybiegające w przyszłość i ciągle aktualne.
Wskazano także fragmenty nauczania Marii Celeste, które są zadziwiająco podobne do myśli prawosławnego świętego Symeona Nowego Teologa, którego nauczania nie mogła znać. Celem było ukazanie uniwersalizmu jej nauczania, które jest aktualne także dziś i nie tylko dla sióstr Zakonu Najświętszego Odkupiciela.
Clarias Gariepinus Parasites as Bioindicator For Assessing Water Quality in Omi Dam, Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: C.K. Olubiyo , P. A. Audu , K. L. Adang , G.O. Alege , J. A. Badaki , J. C. Atawodi
Published: December 2024

Studies using host-parasite dynamics as bioindicator of effects and accumulators of heavy metals for assessing environmental quality are still scarce, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed at elucidating the possible use of parasites of fish in monitoring and assessing water quality. 102 samples of 18 species of parasites of Clarias gariepinus were analyzed for copper, lead, manganese, iron, zinc and cadmium concentrations. Heavy metal concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Physico-chemical parameters were measured on sites using Hanna instrument. The nutrients and non-toxic constituents of water were also determined using methods by (American Public Health Association, 1999). The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance and significant differences accepted at p ≤ 0.05. Duncan Multiple range test was used to compare the heavy metal accumulation in the parasites and sample t- test was used to compare the values of physico-chemical parameters, nutrients and non-toxic constituents of the water. The heavy metal concentrations in parasites of C. gariepinus were in the order of Lead>Cadmium>Copper>Iron>Magnese>Zinc. Bioindicating capacity of parasites were in the order Nematodes>Cestodes>Protozoan>Trematodes. All physico-chemical parameters of the water (pH, temperature, salinity, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid) except dissolved oxygen were within the permissible level of the WHO (2011) permissible limits. The water nutrients except fluoride were within the permissible limits of WHO (2011). The non-toxic constituents were within permissible limits except NH4+ in the control study sites and PO43- in both study sites that was not within permissible limits. This study revealed that parasites can be ideal indicators for both effects and accumulation of heavy metals in aquatic environments. Findings from this study demonstrate the need for an ecosystem friendly approach towards sustainable management of dams and rivers. This will curb aquatic pollution which can directly and indirectly affect the structure and composition of fish parasite communities and also lead to a health risk in people consuming aquatic resources contaminated with heavy metals.
Internalised and Externalised Problems and Perspectives for Wellbeing During Emergency: Reflections on The Psychological Impacts of The Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon
Authors: Lo-oh Joseph
Published: December 2024

The socio-political crisis rocking the English-speaking regions of Cameroon has degenerated into an armed conflict, pitting government forces and separatist, and leading to severe human and material damage. The psychological impacts of the crisis on affected populations is neck-breaking. Many victims are dealing with either internalised or externalised psychological problems or both, as a consequence of the crisis. Internalised psychological problems consist of the deep emotional trauma experienced by victims of the crisis such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Meanwhile, those externalised manifest as aggressive behaviour, violence, substance abuse, strained family dynamics, and social fragmentation. In their various forms of manifestation, these psychological issues present distinct yet equally significant challenges to individual well-being and societal stability. Affected residents, internally displaced victims, refugees and communities have each in their own category suffered these psychological impacts that also grossly affect their wellbeing. Internalised problems often lead to chronic mental health conditions that impair victims’ ability to function and diminish their quality of life over the long term. While internalised problems lead to a cycle of persistent psychological distress, less productivity and strained relationships among people, externalised problems disrupt social harmony and contribute to increased violence and erosion of trust among people and within communities. These problems can hurt mental hurt and foster environments of fear and instability. They can also eventually hinder positive and productive human development and wellbeing. Therefore, addressing them is crucial for promoting mental health, enhancing individual wellbeing and quality of life, and fostering safer, more resilient people and communities. Promotive interventions require a nascent understanding of the root causes, manifestations, and impacts of these problems, as well as a collaborative approach involving key stakeholders in mental health care.
China’s Repositioning its Higher Education Internationalization and Implications
Authors: Qiao Yuxiang , Ma Guoxin , Wu Hongwei
Published: December 2024

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and collapsing foreign relations, concerns are rising about the tension in collaborations between China and the West overlooking the implication of China’s latest initiative to ‘open up’ its education as part of its One-Belt-One-Road internationalization strategy. The initiative reflects China’s new nationalism in repositioning its education internationally especially the higher education section, which signals a shifting focus from production capability building to soft power expansion. We finish this paper with a highlight on the initiative’s multifaceted future implications concerning both China’s domestic, including disabled students’ population, and international communities.
The Agrarian Question in the Views and Activities of Mahatma Gandhi
Authors: Maj Joanna
Published: December 2024

The British Empire’s expansive colonial policies consistently pursued in the Indian subcontinent in the late 19th and early 20th centuries led to the shaking of traditional socioeconomic relations. The crisis – caused by sudden demographic growth and extremely difficult climatic conditions – was marked by a disastrous situation in agriculture. Stopping further degradation of the economy required decisive action – especially in the provinces. The creator of the reform program aimed at maximizing the potential of natural and human resources was Mahatma Gandhi – the Father of the Indian Nation, leader of the Indian National Congress, visionary and mystic. Gandhi saw the future of his homeland in the social, moral and economic revival of the countryside. He advocated for a state whose democratic principles would reach out primarily to local communities. Living by example, he aroused hopes among peasants for concrete changes in their lives, lifting themselves out of poverty and overcoming the hopelessness of their social and political predicament.