bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marriages and Fertility among Turkish and Moroccan Women in Belgium: Results from Census Data
Authors: Schoenmaeckers Ronald C. , Lodewijckx Edith , Gadeyne Sylvie
Published: June 2018

The patterns of family formation and fertility behavior of Turkish and Moroccan women in Belgium are changing rapidly. The census data (1991) indicate a fertility decline. The reasons are changes in the nuptiality patterns, contraceptive behavior and migratory flows. The changes are not identical in both communities. Young cohorts postpone their marriage, but this is most prominent among Moroccan women. On the other hand, young Turkish women have a clear preference for smaller families. The changes also differentiate according to migrant ‘generation’ and level of education. The changes are not restricted to Belgium but are also observed in the countries of origin.
Migration in a Socialist Transitional Economy: Heterogeneity, Socioeconomic and Spatial Characteristics of Migrants in China and Guangdong Province
Authors: Fan C. Cindy
Published: June 2018

The peculiar features of China's socialist transitional economy, including the coexistence of “plan” and “nonplan” mechanisms, the hukou institution, uneven spatial development, and gendered constraints and opportunities, have brought about a high degree of heterogeneity among population movements. Using the 1990 Census data on reasons for migration, and an empirical analysis of both national patterns and migration in Guangdong, I document the socioeconomic characteristics and spatial patterns of major types of migration, focusing on migration for employment in industry and business, male migration due to job transfer, and female marriage migration. I argue that the multitude of migration types, and the contrasts among them, are products of the combination of state-planning and market mechanisms. The findings highlight institutional explanations for migration, and show that the “plan”-“nonplan” dichotomy is more meaningful than the economic-social dichotomy for understanding population movements in China.
The Nuyorican's Dilemma: Categorization of Returning Migrants in Puerto Rico
Authors: Lorenzo-Hernandez Jose
Published: June 2018

This study investigated self and social categorization of Puerto Rican returning migrants. A sample of 121 returning migrants (“Nuyoricans”) and 121 non-migrant students evaluated adolescents described as raised in the mainland as more agitated, bolder and more independent than those raised in Puerto Rico. In-group favoritism was observed for intelligence and carefulness. The students also evaluated three target adolescents differing in saliency of Nuyorican attributes and presented through photos and audiotapes. It was found that language characteristics and physical appearance were sufficient for categorizing a target as a “Nuyorican”. The adolescent salient in Nuyorican attributes received a higher score on rejection than the adolescent low in Nuyorican attributes.
The Italian-Language Press, Italian American Voters, and Political Intermediation in Pennsylvania in the Interwar Years
Authors: Luconi Stefano
Published: June 2018

Scholars have long acknowledged that the foreign language press could make a significant contribution to the shaping of the political experience of nationality groups in the United States before World War II. Yet, by focusing on five Italian-American newspapers published in Pennsylvania, this article argues that subservience to fascism, short sighted opportunism, the deference to political patrons who were not members of the Italian-American communities, and the necessity of making a living through periodicals with a small circulation generally prevented the editors and owners of Italian-language newspapers from being effective political brokers within their ethnic communities.
Innovation and business performance for Spanish SMEs: New evidence from a multi-dimensional approach
Authors: Exposito Alfonso , Sanchis-Llopis Juan A
Published: June 2018

This article examines the impact of product, process and organisational innovations on two alternative dimensions of business performance: finance and operations. Two indicators capture financial performance: sales increase and production cost reduction. Operational firm performance is captured by two alternative indicators: productive capacity augmentation and quality improvement of product/service provided by the firm. Using a wide-ranging sample of Spanish small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), our findings highlight the significant impact of innovation upon both these dimensions of business performance, although they differ regarding the type of innovation and the performance indicator considered. Furthermore, our results indicate that the relationship between innovation choices in SMEs and business performance should be analysed from a multi-dimensional approach. These findings reveal significant implications for innovation policies and strategies for SMEs.
Expression of α-smooth muscle actin in the periodontal ligament during post-emergent tooth eruption
Authors: Dorotheou Domna , Bochaton-Piallat Marie-Luce , Giannopoulou Catherine , Kiliaridis Stavros
Published: June 2018

Objective

This study was performed to explore the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the periodontal ligament (PDL) of young and adult rats during post-emergent tooth eruption in opposed and unopposed teeth at two time points: 3 and 15 days after antagonist loss.

Methods

Four-week-old (n = 20) and 22-week-old (n = 20) male Wistar rats were used. The right maxillary molar crowns were cut down. PDL samples were isolated from the first mandibular molars at two time points: 3 and 15 days after cut-down of the right maxillary molars. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining were performed to detect differences in α-SMA expression in the PDL tissues of unopposed versus opposed molars.

Results

α-SMA was upregulated in the PDL of the unopposed molars in the 3-day group of young rats. The region around the root apex of the unopposed molars in this group exhibited strong immunostaining for α-SMA. The expression level and immunoreactivity of α-SMA did not differ in both time points in young controls and among all the adult groups.

Conclusion

α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts are implicated in post-emergent tooth eruption of unopposed molars of young animals.
Music-induced emotion effects on decision-making
Authors: Palazzi Ambra , Wagner Fritzen Bruna , Gauer Gustavo
Published: June 2018

This qualitative systematic review aimed to examine music-induced emotion effects on decision-making. Empirical articles published from 2006 to 2016 were searched for in PubMed and PsycInfo. Through the main search, 634 records were identified and 15 articles were included and analyzed according to the following categories: aims of the study, participants, study design, type of music, type of emotion, decision-making tasks, and study results. The included studies aimed to investigate the effects of music on prosociality and aggression, risk-taking, and other decision-making processes. All studies used experimental designs and most of them used pre-selected music and stimulation through music listening. Different decision-making tasks were used, such as a gambling task, helping behavior tasks, and even assessment of aggressive behavior through adding hot chili sauce to food. Results showed that music is a powerful and engaging stimulus that influences decision-making processes and risk-taking, promotes prosociality, and affects customers’ behavioral choices. Different underlying processes in the interaction between music, mood, and decision-making are discussed. This review contributes to promoting research on the use of background music as an arousal and mood inducer in different contexts, as well as music-based interventions to foster prosociality and decrease aggressive behaviors.
Mapping problem and requirements to final solution: A document analysis of capstone design projects
Authors: Joshi Shraddha , Morkos Beshoy , Summers Joshua D
Published: June 2018

Formulating and solving engineering problems and designing solutions that meet the established requirements are important skills that graduating engineering students need to possess. However, there are noticeable gaps in the literature with respect to understanding how the formulation of design problems and establishment of requirements affect the final design solution in undergraduate design education. This paper is an initial step to understand the influence of the content volume of the problem statement and requirements on the content volume of the final solution in capstone design projects. Content volume was used as a measure for this study as it provided a more objective way to measure the relation between problem statement, requirements, and final solutions as compared to other measures such as quality that are more subjective. In doing so, a document analysis of final reports from capstone design class collected over a period of 10 years is conducted. The findings of this research indicate that a low content volume of problem statement and requirements leads to no greater than a medium content volume in the final solution, whereas, a high content volume of final solution is more likely to result from either a high or medium content volume of problem statement and requirements. These findings are used to make several recommendations. Incorporating these recommendations while teaching capstone design classes can help students to improve the content volume of the problem statement and requirements. Thus, this assists in improving students’ skills of formulating detailed problem statements and establishing requirements for their projects.
Evaluation of methods for estimating atmospheric stability at two coastal sites
Authors: Bardal Lars Morten , Onstad Anja Eide , Sætran Lars Roar , Lund John Amund
Published: June 2018

Understanding the atmospheric stability conditions is important in order to obtain accurate estimates of the vertical wind speed profile. This work compares and evaluates common methods for estimation of atmospheric stability using standard meteorological mast observations. Atmospheric stability distributions from three different met-masts located at two coastal sites are calculated and compared. The atmospheric stability parameter, L is estimated using the bulk Richardson number, the surface-layer Richardson number, and calculated directly from eddy covariance flux measurements. The resulting distributions vary depending on which method is used. The atmospheric stability measurements from two masts located 3 km apart in similar terrain are compared directly. The highest correlation is found for the surface-layer Richardson number method. This method it also less sensitive to variation of measurement heights than the bulk Richardson number method.
Design, Fabrication, Construction, and Cost Assessment of Virginia’s First Corrosion Resistant ASTM A1010 Plate Girder Bridge
Authors: Sharp Stephen R. , Provines Jason , Moruza Audrey K. , Via William F. , Harrop Keith N.
Published: June 2018

This study documents the construction of the Waynesboro Route 340 Bridge with low-maintenance corrosion resistant steel girders, cross-frames, and stainless steel bolts. This includes documenting the fabrication of the ASTM A1010 steel plate, girder and secondary members, erecting the girders, and completion of the construction process. The types of stainless steel materials used to fabricate the girders are reported with a comparison to traditional materials. Information on the material properties was documented. Cost analysis was performed and guidance was provided to the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) about how this type of plate girder will benefit the DOT. Overall, the design, fabrication, and construction of the A1010 steel girder Route 340 bridge was a success. This is the first bridge in the United States to use A1010 haunched girders, completely stainless steel bolted splices, and A1010 cross frames. To that end, it was concluded that a conventional steel bridge fabricator can successfully fabricate an A1010 steel bridge. Through detailed testing of the stainless steel bolts, it was also shown that acceptable utilization of stainless steel structural connections can be achieved. VDOT was also able to successfully demonstrate fabrication of A1010 steel cross frames utilizing bent plate shapes. It is recommended to continue to evaluate improved welding processes for the A1010 base metal and to consider the use of A1010 as a repair material for in-service structures located in corrosive macro-environments, such as near saltwater or industrial sites, or those which contain aggressive micro-environments such as steel beam ends under joints.
In Search of the Spherical Femoroplasty: Cam Overresection Leads to Inferior Functional Scores Before and After Revision Hip Arthroscopic Surgery
Authors: Mansor Yosif , Perets Itay , Close Mary R. , Mu Brian H. , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: June 2018

Background:

Femoroplasty performed for the treatment of cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has become a common procedure. Underresection may result in residual FAI. Conversely, overresection may disrupt the labral seal, which is responsible for chondroprotective fluid dynamics of the hip.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

It was hypothesized that cam overresection negatively affects hip function. The purpose was to examine the effect of the accuracy of previous femoroplasty on hips presenting for revision hip arthroscopic surgery.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Data were prospectively collected for patients presenting for revision hip arthroscopic surgery between June 2010 and August 2014. On the basis of measurements on Dunn view radiographs, cases were divided into 3 groups: overresection (OR group) in which overresection measured over 5% of the diameter of the femoral head, underresection (UR group) in which there was a residual cam lesion (alpha angle >60°), and neutral resection (neutral group). Data collection included the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS), Hip Outcome Score–Sports-Specific Subscale, and visual analog scale at presentation and at a minimum 2-year follow-up after revision hip arthroscopic surgery and rates of conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Results:

One hundred thirty hips (120 patients) were included. Twenty hips (15.4%) were classified as the OR group, 16 (12.3%) as the UR group, and 94 (72.3%) as the neutral group. The mean follow-up was 39.6 ± 15.9 months. The mHHS and NAHS values at presentation were lower in the OR group compared with the UR group (50.2 ± 15.5 vs 64.7 ± 19.4 [ P = .033] and 48.5 ± 18.6 vs 63.0 ± 19.1 [ P = .044], respectively). The mHHS value at a minimum 2-year follow-up after revision was lower for the OR group (66.7 ± 19.8) than for the UR group (81.0 ± 14.5) ( P = .031). Conversion to THA was more common in the OR group than in the UR group (30% vs 0%, respectively; P = .024). Fifty percent of cases in the OR group, 69.9% in the neutral group, and 75% in the UR group met the minimal clinically important difference for the mHHS (Δ). The latest mHHS value reached the patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) in 35% of the cases in the OR group, 53.2% in the neutral group, and 75% in the UR group. Hips in the OR group had a significantly lower chance of reaching the PASS than the UR group (odds ratio, 0.1795 [95% CI, 0.0418-0.7711]; P = .0209).

Conclusion:

Cam overresection of more than 5% of the diameter of the femoral head on the Dunn view predicts inferior clinical outcomes compared with cam underresection in this population. Furthermore, overresection predicts inferior outcomes after revision hip arthroscopic surgery and higher rates of conversion to THA.
Fast prediction of organic wastes methane potential by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy: A successful tool for farm-scale biogas plant monitoring
Authors: Mortreuil Paul , Baggio Sylvie , Lagnet Camille , Schraauwers Blandine , Monlau Florian
Published: June 2018

Currently, there is a growing worldwide interest for the treatment of wastes, and especially farm wastes, by anaerobic digestion. Biochemical methane potential is a key parameter for the design, optimisation and monitoring of the anaerobic digestion process, but it is also time consuming (4–7 weeks). Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy seems a promising method to predict the biochemical methane potential of a wide range of organic substrates. This study compares a ‘global’ predictive model mainly built with biogas plant feedstocks, and a more ‘agricultural’ specific one built with farm wastes only (e.g. manures and crop residues). The global model was calibrated with 245 samples and the specific one with 171 samples. In parallel, validation sets composed of 36 farm wastes and eight other wastes (sludge, fruit residues and vegetables) were used to evaluate and compare both models. Satisfying results were obtained on the validation sets considering, respectively for the global and the specific models, a root mean square error of prediction of 44 and 34 NL CH4 kg−1 volatile solid, a coefficient of determination of 0.76 and 0.83, and a ratio of performance to deviation of 2.0 and 2.4. In general rules, the specific model was better than the global one in the prediction of farm wastes methane potential. However, thanks to its larger sample variability, the global one was more robust, especially towards the ‘other’ wastes, which can be introduced punctually in agricultural biogas plant.
The Micropolitics of Performance: Pop-up Art as a Complementary Method for Civic Engagement and Public Participation
Authors: Ashley Amanda J.
Published: June 2018

Scholars typically categorize pop-ups as part of insurgent do-it-yourself (DIY) movements or simple creative placemaking events. It is unclear if these dominant narratives are accurate representations or how these acts of temporary urbanism are connected to planning. This study serves two connected purposes: to identify how pop-ups are organized and explore how pop-ups combine political art and urbanism to create opportunities for civic engagement and public participation. Drawing on a national sample of principal cities and a comparative study of exemplar art pop-ups in Austin, Baltimore, and Boise, this research addresses how pop-up organizers influence urban planning and urban policy from outside traditional channels. Findings suggest that these events are undertaken by diverse sets of organizations and partnerships to increase civic dialogue and educate citizens. The prevalence of pop-ups in public space and their focus on urban issues suggests the need to integrate these complementary strategies into planning practice. More broadly, the study shows that art pop-ups can be a legitimate form of urban planning rather than performing purely as urban entertainment.
Health Literacy and Adults With Low Basic Skills
Authors: Feinberg Iris , Tighe Elizabeth L. , Greenberg Daphne , Mavreles Michelle
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this research was to analyze oral communication patterns between patients with varying degrees of individual health literacy (how patients access, understand, and use health information) and their health providers. We analyzed a secondary data set of 68 patient–nurse provider audiotaped clinic encounters using REALM (Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine, a health literacy measure), correlations, and quantile regression to look at the use of provider dialogue components: closed-ended questions, open-ended questions, data gathering—biomedical, education/counseling—biomedical, data gathering—lifestyle/psychosocial, education and counseling—lifestyle/psychosocial, and checking for understanding. Patients with lower health literacy levels were asked more closed-ended biomedical and lifestyle/psychosocial questions than those with higher literacy levels. Providers did not check for understanding with patients at any health literacy level. Implications for health literacy and adult education in the medical setting, adult classroom, and community organizations are described.
Structural evolution from poly(amic acid) to polyimide fibers during thermal imidization process
Authors: Zhang Dianbo , Dong Jie , Gan Feng , Li Zhentao , Zhang Qinghua
Published: June 2018

In this study, poly(amic acid) (PAA) precursor fiber was prepared via a two-step wet spinning method and subsequently heat-treated to obtain the polyimide fiber by thermal imidization. The structural evolution of the PAA precursor during the imidization was traced using various measurements. The imidization degree of the PAA fibers treated at different temperatures was calculated by Fourier transform infrared analysis, and the cyclization reaction occurred accompanied by the decomplexation of the H-bonded N, N′-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). The thermogravimetry test illustrated that the residual solvent evaporation took place prior to imidization. Moreover, in situ wide-angle X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements were employed to investigate the development of the aggregation structure and microvoids in PAA fibers. The results indicated that molecular chains were thermally extended during the thermal imidization, resulting in the increase of Hermans’ orientation factor and the increased strain. The thermal imidization process also led to the orientation and elongation of microvoids along the molecular chains.
B-spline contour curve approximation and deformation analysis of complex ceramic core
Authors: Zhang Xiandong , Bu Kun
Published: June 2018

Complex ceramic core is the critical part for manufacturing hollow turbine blade in the investment casting process. The complex geometry, small inner structures and high-precision requirements of ceramic cores make them difficult to fabricate, and the shape and dimensional accuracy of ceramic cores are very low in factory practice. To understand the deformation characteristics of ceramic cores, a noisy points recognition algorithm, an extraction method of measuring cross-section contour points and a B-spline iterative fitting algorithm using dominant points of chord deviation are proposed. First, the cross-section contour points were provided through registration, slicing and intersection methods. Second, the noisy points were deleted by convex noisy points and concave noisy points recognition algorithms. Third, the cross-section contour curve of the ceramic core was fitted through B-spline iterative fitting method with chord deviation dominant points. The curves fitted with chord deviation points and curves fitted with local maximum curvature points were compared with simulating data and scanning data, respectively, and the results show that B-spline fitting curve needs fewer chord deviation points than local maximum curvature points, 24.4% fewer in simulation validation and 12.5% fewer in experimental validation. In the end, the bending deformation, torsion deformation and shrinkage deformation errors of ceramic core are established by fitting contour curves of serial cross sections of the ceramic core.
Prediction model to estimate the specific energy and product particle size distribution of semi-autogenous mill
Authors: Razani Mohammad , Masoumi Abolfazl , Rezaeizadeh Masoud , Noaparast Mohammad
Published: June 2018

The optimal use of energy for grinding of ores in mills is one of the key objectives of this study. An attempt has been made to present an experimental model for the specific energy and product particle size distribution of semi-autogenous mills for the simulating of real conditions of the particles collision. A novel semi-autogenous mill test has been suggested in order to measure the required energy for grinding. The effect of the mill’s operation time and various energy levels on the particle size distribution and feed ore hardness has been investigated with samples collected from the Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex, Kerman, Iran. The obtained results demonstrated that there is a high congruence between the experimental product particle size distribution and energy, which are predicted by the proposed novel method and ball-drop test. Using the proposed analytic relationships, the required comminution energy and semi-autogenous mill operating time to achieve the specific product particle size distribution can be estimated with high accuracy ( R2 = 0.96). Finally, the accuracy of the results was evaluated by a ball drop-weight test.
Development of a morphing wingtip based on compliant structures
Authors: Wang Chen , Haddad Khodaparast Hamed , Friswell Michael I , Shaw Alexander D , Xia Yuying , Walters Peter
Published: June 2018

Compliant structures, such as flexible corrugated panels and honeycomb structures, are promising structural solutions for morphing aircraft. The compliant structure can be tailored to carry aerodynamic loads and achieve the geometry change simultaneously, while the reliability of the morphing aircraft can be guaranteed if conventional components and materials are used in the fabrication of the morphing structure. In this article, a compliant structure is proposed to change the dihedral angle of a morphing wingtip. Unsymmetrical stiffness is introduced in the compliant structure to induce the rotation of the structure. Trapezoidal corrugated panels are used, whose geometry parameters can be tailored to provide the stiffness asymmetry. An equivalent model of the corrugated panel is employed to calculate the deformation of the compliant structure. To provide the airfoil shape, a flexible honeycomb structure is used in the leading and trailing edges. An optimisation is performed to determine the geometry variables, while also considering the actuator requirements and the available space to instal the compliant structure. An experimental prototype has been manufactured to demonstrate the deformation of the morphing wingtip and conduct basic wind tunnel tests.
What K-12 Teachers Need to Know About Teaching Gifted Black Girls Battling Perfectionism and Stereotype Threat
Authors: Anderson Brittany N. , Martin Jillian A.
Published: June 2018

Perfectionism is commonly associated with gifted females, yet little research examines perfectionism across racial groups. Although gifted Black girls’ perfectionistic tendencies mirror other females, they experience perfectionism uniquely at the intersection of race and gender. Perfectionism can contribute to gifted Black girls’ desire to exceed academic expectations and guidelines, but emotional distress can arise when compounded by stereotype threat. This article will highlight ways perfectionism can be psychologically distressing to gifted Black females in the K-12 setting, and how perfectionism and stereotype threat affect achievement, emotional well-being, and motivation of gifted Black girls. Finally, this article concludes with promising practices for educators in the K-12 setting who work with gifted Black girls.
An Introduction to Politics: An Integrated and Informal Strategy
Authors: Kaplan Sandra N.
Published: June 2018

This column examines ways of teaching gifted students the meaning of politics. The author focuses on the verbiage of politics and methods for understanding, discussing, and role-playing politics.
A Lagrangian–Hamiltonian unified formalism for a class of dissipative systems
Authors: Said Hamid
Published: June 2018

Entropy production in classical thermomechanical systems is the result of three sources: transfer of heat; dissipative stresses, such as viscosity; and internal variables. In this paper, a variational treatment for dissipative systems due to internal variables is presented. Specifically, in the context of the theory of internal variables, a novel dissipative Lagrangian–Hamiltonian formalism is developed. Two fundamental thermodynamic functions (the free energy and the entropy production rate) form the basis of this formalism. The Hamiltonian formulation reveals a new structure on the phase space, and is applied to prove large-time solutions for the semilinear problem. Finally, the formalism is applied to the problem of dynamic brittle fracture.
Keeping It REAL: Assisting Individuals After a Police-Abated Mental Health Crisis
Authors: Bonkiewicz Luke A. , Moyer Kasey , Magdanz Chad , Walsh John
Published: June 2018

This article evaluates a community-based, peer support program in which police officers and mental health workers collaboratively address citizens’ mental health needs following encounters with law enforcement. We analyzed data 12, 24, and 36 months after a police-abated mental health crisis for 775 individuals, some of whom were referred to this program. Using lagged regression models, we find that compared with nonreferred individuals, referred participants generated fewer mental health calls for service and were less likely to be taken into emergency protective custody 24 and 36 months after a crisis. We found no difference in arrest rates. The program was especially effective for individuals with lengthier mental health histories. This free, voluntary, and nonclinical assistance program appears effective, but it also requires 12 to 24 months before participants and communities reap the benefits.
The effect of elevated temperature on the mechanical properties and failure modes of GFRP face sheets and PET foam cored sandwich beams
Authors: Rezaei Mohsen , Karatzas Vasileios , Berggreen Christian , Carlsson Leif A
Published: June 2018

The influence of elevated temperatures on stiffness and strength of composite face sheet and polyethylene terephthalate foam cored sandwich beam has been experimentally investigated. Standard test methods and analytical failure models were used to determine the effect of elevated temperatures. The authors examined E-glass/epoxy cross-ply face laminates, polyethylene terephthalate foam, and sandwich beams consisting of glass/epoxy face laminates and polyethylene terephthalate foam core loaded in four-point flexure. The tensile properties of the face laminate were examined over a temperature range from 25 to 175°C. Compression and shear tests on the face laminate, polyethylene terephthalate foam, and sandwich beams were performed at temperatures up to 100°C. The face laminates exhibited moderate reductions of Young’s modulus and tensile strength, while the compressive strength, shear modulus, and shear strength substantially decreased at elevated temperatures. Similarly, the compressive and shear moduli as well as the compressive strength of the polyethylene terephthalate foam decreased substantially by exposure to a temperature of 100°C. The failure mode of the sandwich panels was observed to be highly dependent on temperature, distinguishing three basic failure modes, viz. core shear failure, indentation failure, and face wrinkling. The failure loads associated to these failure modes were calculated using models available in the literature. The failure loads were found to be consistent with the failure predictions and failure modes.
Experimental study on the hemostatic effect of cyanoacrylate intended for catheter securement
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Guido Amanda R , Jones Richard G , Curry Benjamin J , Burke Angela S , Blaisdell Melanie E
Published: June 2018

Purpose:

The use of cyanoacrylate for intravenous catheter securement is of interest to clinicians and patients, because of the superior adhesive strength and hemostatic effect of cyanoacrylate compared to current securement devices. The purpose of this study is to use novel in vitro and in vivo testing methods to analyze the hemostatic effect of a catheter securement cyanoacrylate (cyanoacrylate).

Methods:

An unprecedented in vitro method was performed to determine the effects of a cyanoacrylate on a customized modified activated clotting time assay and blood flow inhibition assay by exposing blood or plasma to either one or three drops of cyanoacrylate. For the in vivo testing, full-thickness incisions were made on swine, and the bleeding was scored prior to treatment and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 min after treatment.

Results:

The cyanoacrylate rapidly achieved hemostasis in the presence of anticoagulated whole blood, platelet-poor plasma, and non-anticoagulated whole blood, in vitro. The cyanoacrylate achieved hemostasis 12-fold faster than thromboplastin in the modified activated clotting time assay. The cyanoacrylate does not alter normal blood clotting, as measured by prothrombin time. In vivo, the bleeding score of cyanoacrylate prior to treatment and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 min after treatment were 2.3 ± 1.0, 0.3 ± 0.5, 0.2 ± 0.5, 0.2 ± 0.4, and 0.2 ± 0.4, respectively.

Conclusion:

This study indicates that cyanoacrylate demonstrates a potent mechanical hemostatic effect and cyanoacrylate in the presence of anticoagulated whole blood has an activated clotting time that is 12 times quicker than thromboplastin. The cyanoacrylate was found to be significantly equivalent to two known hemostatic agents, in vivo.
Clinical outcomes of totally implantable venous access port placement via the axillary vein in patients with head and neck malignancy
Authors: Hong Sun , Seo Tae-Seok , Song Myung Gyu , Seol Hae-Young , Suh Sang Il , Ryoo In-Seon
Published: June 2018

Purpose:

To evaluate the clinical outcomes and complications of totally implantable venous access port implantation via the axillary vein in patients with head and neck malignancy.

Materials and methods:

A total of 176 totally implantable venous access ports were placed via the axillary vein in 171 patients with head and neck malignancy between May 2012 and June 2015. The patients included 133 men and 38 women, and the mean age was 58.8 years (range: 19–84 years). Medical records were retrospectively reviewed.

Results:

This study included a total of 93,237 totally implantable venous access port catheter-days (median 478 catheter-days, range: 13–1380 catheter-days). Of the 176 implanted totally implantable venous access port, complications developed in nine cases (5.1%), with the overall incidence of 0.097 events/1000 catheter-days. The complications were three central line-associated blood-stream infection cases, one case of keloid scar at the needling access site, and five cases of central vein stenosis or thrombosis on neck computed tomography images. The 133 cases for which neck computed tomography images were available had a total of 59,777 totally implantable venous access port catheter-days (median 399 catheter-days, range: 38–1207 catheter-days). On neck computed tomography evaluation, the incidence of central vein stenosis or thrombosis was 0.083 events/1000 catheter-days. Thrombosis developed in four cases, yielding an incidence of 0.067 events/1000 catheter-days. All four patients presented with thrombus in the axillary or subclavian vein. Stenosis occurred in one case yielding an incidence of 0.017 events/1000 catheter-days. One case was catheter-related brachiocephalic vein stenosis, and the other case was subclavian vein stenosis due to extrinsic compression by tumor progression. Of the nine complication cases, six underwent port removal.

Conclusion:

These data indicate that totally implantable venous access port implantation via the axillary vein in patients with head and neck malignancy is safe and feasible, with a low axillary vein access-related complication rate.
Emancipation through digital entrepreneurship? A critical realist analysis
Authors: Martinez Dy Angela , Martin Lee , Marlow Susan
Published: June 2018

Digital entrepreneurship is presented in popular discourse as a means to empowerment and greater economic participation for under-resourced and socially marginalised people. However, this emancipatory rhetoric relies on a flat ontology that does not sufficiently consider the enabling conditions needed for successful digital enterprise activity. To empirically illustrate this argument, we examine three paired cases of UK women digital entrepreneurs, operating in similar sectors but occupying contrasting social positionalities. The cases are comparatively analysed through an intersectional feminist lens using a critical realist methodological framework. By examining the relationships between digital entrepreneurship, social positionality, and structural and agential enabling conditions, we interrogate the notion of digital entrepreneurship as an emancipatory phenomenon producing liberated workers.
‘Similar but different’: Social representations of health according to gender for French youth
Authors: Aim Marie-Anastasie , Lelaurain Solveig , Khatmi Nicolas , Fonte David , Bovina Inna , Dany Lionel
Published: June 2018

This study focuses on life experiences and social representations related to gender in the context of health among young French lay people aged from 18 to 21 years ( N = 47). Qualitative analysis of the discursive content of nine focus groups illuminated the lay thinking underlying gender issues in the health context. Broadly speaking, group composition (i.e. unisex, mixed) had an impact on participants’ discourse construction. Through their discourses, participants came to ‘naturalise’ the health issues and practices of each sex/gender through the biological specificities of men and women. In addition, discourse content underscores a differentiated ‘imperative of health’.
Clinicians’ moral distress and family satisfaction in the intensive care unit
Authors: Lamiani Giulia , Ciconali Matteo , Argentero Piergiorgio , Vegni Elena
Published: June 2018

This study explored the relationship between clinicians’ moral distress and family satisfaction with care in five intensive care units in Italy. A total of 122 clinicians (45 physicians and 77 nurses) and 59 family members completed the Italian Moral Distress Scale-Revised and the Family Satisfaction in the ICU questionnaire, respectively. Clinicians’ moral distress inversely correlated with family satisfaction related to the inclusion in the decision-making process. Specifically, physicians’ moral distress inversely correlated with satisfaction regarding the respect shown toward the patient. Nurses’ moral distress inversely correlated with satisfaction regarding breathlessness and agitation management, provision of emotional support, understanding of information, and inclusion in the decision-making process.
On the uniqueness of, and diversity within, cancers: A commentary on Kangas and Gross 2018
Authors: Linden Wolfgang , Vodermaier Andrea
Published: June 2018

This commentary accompanies publication of Kangas and Gross’ phase model of emotion coping throughout the process of cancer care. While supporting the model, this commentary additionally highlights the already existing knowledge about the critical role of tumor stage, patient age, uncertainty and fear of recurrence, and gender differences. It is briefly described how all of these factors moderate and mediate the emotion coping process.
Retirement Migration in Europe: A Choice for a Better Life?
Authors: Repetti Marion , Phillipson Christopher , Calasanti Toni
Published: June 2018

This article examines the impact of economic inequalities on the individual choices that North European retirees make when they migrate to Mediterranean countries. It considers a group of retired and early-retired migrants who live permanently in Spain and have limited economic resources. Through a qualitative methodology based on semi-structured interviews with retirement migrants as well as ethnographic observations and spontaneous conversations in the study site, we provide new sociological knowledge about the relations between retirement migration and the unequal risks of social exclusion that retirees must manage in Northern Europe. We find that for many of these migrants, moving represents a way of managing economic risks in retirement, improving their financial situation and status. At the same time, however, it introduces new vulnerabilities. The latter are all the more visible when unexpected political changes occur, such as the recent decision that the UK would leave the European Union (Brexit).
Morality in Let’s Play narrations: Moral evaluations of Gothic monsters in gameplay videos of Fallout 3
Authors: Piittinen Sari
Published: June 2018

Performative Let’s Play gaming videos are a part of contemporary Internet culture through which morality becomes shared. Many digital games draw on Gothic traditions to feature human-like monsters who demand morally complex interpretations from players. This study examines what kinds of moral evaluations players form of ambiguous Gothic monsters in Let’s Play videos of the action role-playing game Fallout 3. With a discourse analysis of transcribed speech obtained from 20 Let’s Play series on YouTube, it argues that the moral evaluations that players actively produce impact significantly on the play experience, that players take diverse moral stances whose (in)determinacy varies based on what players assume of their audience, and that players are morally autonomous by not hesitating to disagree with the game designers’ moral ruling. Complex Gothic monsters function effectively as catalysts for the moral evaluations that can involve expressions of suspicion, sympathy for the underdog, begrudging acceptance, and betrayal.
Unravelling compulsory happiness in exile: Cristina Peri Rossi’s The Ship of Fools
Authors: Tanna Natasha
Published: June 2018

A number of feminist critics of Latin American women writers in exile have suggested that women in exile may flourish as they are freed from the traditional gender restrictions imposed on them in their home countries. In this article I reexamine the association of exile with liberation through analysing Cristina Peri Rossi’s 1984 novel La nave de los locos ( The Ship of Fools) in the light of the tension between Rosi Braidotti’s Deleuzian affirmation of feminism as a ‘joyful nomadic force’ (1994: 8) and Sara Ahmed’s critique of compulsory happiness (2010). Peri Rossi juxtaposes the prescriptive worldview of the captivating medieval ‘Tapestry of the Creation’ in the Cathedral of Girona in Catalonia, which depicts the Biblical story of Genesis, and the diasporic and unpredictable wanderings of the protagonist Ecks on his journey to feminist enlightenment. I argue that while the novel seems to champion nomadic subjectivity, it also highlights the deceptive charm of imperative positive affect that may function as a disciplinary force, compelling subjects to follow a conventional path in life, and invalidating those who ‘stray’ from it. My reading of the novel calls for a nuanced approach to exile and diaspora that takes into account wider questions of the privilege and ease of movement – or, indeed, settling – enjoyed by or denied to various subjects.
Educating Mats: Encountering Finnish ‘lads’ and Paul Willis's Learning to Labour in Sweden
Authors: Trondman Mats
Published: June 2018

In this paper the author himself tells an auto-ethnographical tale about how he came to read and understand Paul Willis's Learning to Labour (1977) in the late 1970s as a 22-year-old non-qualified junior high school teacher of Finnish ‘lads’ whose parents had come to Sweden as industrial workers in the late 1960s and early1970s. While most of these ‘lads’ came to reproduce class, the author himself continued to higher education to become a ‘class traveller’. Hence, cultural production and cultural autonomy can work in more than one way, even at the very same time.
Moving between theory and practice within an Indigenous research paradigm
Authors: Pidgeon Michelle
Published: June 2018

There has been a paradigm shift amongst Indigenous peoples and researchers about how research with Indigenous peoples is conceived, implemented, and articulated. The result has been referred to as the Indigenous research paradigm (Wilson, 2003) and has taken the shape of Indigenous research methodologies and processes. The purpose of this article is to discuss the tenets of the Indigenous research paradigm in relation to its practical application within two research projects conducted in higher education settings in British Columbia, Canada. In sharing how these principles are lived during the research process, it discusses how each project embodied Indigenous research processes by being respectful, relevant, responsible, and reciprocal.
Preliminary study about the relationship between estimated training status and RAS polymorphisms on blood pressure and ACE activity in the elderly
Authors: Silva Roberta Fernanda da , Lacchini Riccardo , Pinheiro Lucas Cezar , Dionísio Thiago José , Jacomini AndréMourão , Tanus-Santos José Eduardo , Amaral Sandra Lia , Santos Carlos Ferreira , Zago Anderson Saranz
Published: June 2018

Objective:

Polymorphisms of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) are associated with increases in blood pressure (BP). Physical exercise has been considered the main strategy to prevent this increase. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between estimated training status (TS), BP and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in elderly people classified as low or high risk to develop hypertension according to genetic profile.

Methods:

A total of 155 elderly participants performed the following assessments: general functional fitness index (GFFI), systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), blood collection for ACE activity and analyses of the RAS polymorphisms.

Results:

Uncontrolled hypertensive (UHT) participants presented higher values of SBP and DBP compared with normotensive (NT) and controlled hypertensive (CHT) participants. No differences were found in ACE activity and GFFI between groups. In the high risk group, UHT presented higher values of SBP and DBP compared with other groups. CHT presented higher values of SBP compared with NT. Furthermore, UHT presented higher values of ACE activity compared with CHT and lower values of GFFI compared with NT.

Conclusion:

MDA, TIA and TIC genetic combinations were associated with high risk of developing hypertension while the maintenance of good levels of TS was associated with lower BP values and ACE activity.
Renoprotective effects of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, in type 2 diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease: A randomized open-label prospective trial
Authors: Takashima Hiroyuki , Yoshida Yoshinori , Nagura Chinami , Furukawa Tetsuya , Tei Ritsukou , Maruyama Takashi , Maruyama Noriaki , Abe Masanori
Published: June 2018

Background:

To evaluate the renoprotective effects of canagliflozin, we assessed the albuminuria-lowering effect in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods:

In this prospective, open-label, parallel-group study, type 2 diabetes patients with CKD were randomized to receive either oral canagliflozin (100 mg/day) or usual care (control group) for 52 weeks. Endpoints included changes in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), other urinary biomarkers, laboratory parameters, and adverse events.

Results:

Both groups included 20 patients in the analysis. Mean changes in UACR was −83 (−266 to −31) mg/gCr and 27 (−11 to 131) mg/gCr, in the canagliflozin and control groups, respectively ( p = 0.004). Urinary liver-type free acid binding protein, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, and β2-microglobulin levels were also significantly decreased in the canagliflozin group, but not in the control group. Mean change in estimated glomerular filtration rate at the end of the study was 0.7 and −3.4 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the canagliflozin and control group, respectively ( p = 0.024). Canagliflozin treatment led to improvement of glycaemic control and reduction in body weight, blood pressure, and liver transaminase. There were no adverse events associated with canagliflozin.

Conclusion:

Canagliflozin was associated with slower progression of kidney disease and reduction in albuminuria and tubulointerstitial markers in diabetes patients with CKD.