bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of the Intervention to Reduce Early Peanut Allergy in Children (iREACH): A practice‐based clinical trial
Authors: Bilaver Lucy A. , Ariza Adolfo J. , Binns Helen J. , Jiang Jialing , Cohn Rich , Sansweet Samantha , Hultquist Haley , Panza Joy Laurienzo , Togias Alkis , Gupta Ruchi S.
Published: April 2024

Background

Introducing peanut products early can prevent peanut allergy (PA). The “Addendum guidelines for the prevention of PA in the United States” (PPA guidelines) recommend early introduction of peanut products to low and moderate risk infants and evaluation prior to starting peanut products for infants at high risk for PA (those with severe eczema and/or egg allergy). Rapid adoption of guidelines could aid in lowering the prevalence of PA. The Intervention to Reduce Early (Peanut) Allergy in Children (iREACH) trial was designed to promote PPA guideline adherence by pediatric clinicians.

Methods

A two‐arm, cluster‐randomized, controlled clinical trial was designed to measure the effectiveness of an intervention that included clinician education and accompanying clinical decision support tools integrated in electronic health records (EHR) versus standard care. Randomization was at the practice level (n = 30). Primary aims evaluated over an 18‐month trial period assess adherence to the PPA guidelines using EHR documentation at 4‐ and 6‐month well‐child care visits aided by natural language processing. A secondary aim will evaluate the effectiveness in decreasing the incidence of PA by age 2.5 years using EHR documentation and caregiver surveys. The unit of observation for evaluations are individual children with clustering at the practice level.

Conclusion

Application of this intervention has the potential to inform the development of strategies to speed implementation of PPA guidelines.
Feeding difficulties in children with food allergies: An EAACI Task Force Report
Authors: Hill Sarah‐Anne , Nurmatov Ulugbek , DunnGalvin Audrey , Reese Imke , Vieira Mario C. , Rommel Natalie , Dupont Christophe , Venter Carina , Cianferoni Antonella , Walsh Joanne , Yonamine Glauce , Beauregard Alexia , Meyer Rosan , Vazquez‐Ortiz Marta
Published: April 2024

The term “feeding difficulties” refers to a spectrum of phenotypes characterized by suboptimal intake of food and/or lack of age‐appropriate eating habits. While it is evident that feeding difficulties are prevalent within healthy children, no consensus has been reached for those with food allergies. The aim of this study was to systematically review all the available literature reporting the prevalence of feeding difficulties within food allergic children. We searched eight international electronic databases for all published studies until June 2022. International experts in the field were also contacted for unpublished and ongoing studies. All publications were screened against pre‐defined eligibility criteria and critically appraised by established instruments. The substantial heterogeneity of included studies precluded meta‐analyses, so narrative synthesis of quantitative data was performed. A total of 2059 abstracts were assessed, out of which 21 underwent full‐text screening and 10 studies met the study criteria. In these, 12 different terms to define feeding difficulties and 11 diagnostic tools were used. Five papers included data of feeding difficulty prevalence in children with food allergies, ranging from 13.6% to 40%. Higher prevalence was associated with multiple food allergies. The current literature suggests that feeding difficulties are prevalent within food allergic children, particularly those with multiple food allergies. However, the heterogeneity of terminologies and diagnostic tools makes drawing conclusions challenging. Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of feeding difficulties within food allergic children and further research on the development and perpetuation of feeding difficulties are needed to appropriately manage such patients.
School physical activity modes on BMI among adolescents with overweight or obesity: The mediation role of participation willingness
Authors: Li Yin , Xiao Yingchen , Li Fengqin , Han Yu , Zhang Xin , Gao Lei
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To analyze the mode of school physical activity, the relationship with obesity, and participation willingness and behavior in the relationship between modes of school physical activity and BMI in students with overweight or obesity.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Sample

Data from the 2014 Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance of Chinese School Students was used, wherein physical measurements and questionnaires of 3476 middle school students were collected.

Measurements

Physical measurements and questionnaires were completed. Latent profile analysis and mediated effects analysis were conducted using Mplus 8.3 and IBM SPSS 26.0 for data description and statistical analysis.

Result

After latent profile analysis divided into poor (9.35%), medium (65.16%), and good (25.49%) groups of school physical activity, among junior middle school students, medium (OR = 0.428, 95% CI = 0.259–0.707, p = .001) and good (OR = 0.448, 95% CI = 0.255–0.718, p = .002) groups were positive for controlling overweight. Among students with overweight or obesity, participation willingness mediated the relationship between the mode of school physical activity and BMI, with effect coefficients of −0.120 (95% CI = −0.264 to −0.016) and −0.240 (95% CI = −0.426 to −0.099).

Conclusions

School physical activity modes have a positive effect only on preventing and controlling overweight in junior middle school students. For middle school students with obesity, weight‐specific measures should be considered for their prevention and control.
Survey of Phyllosticta citricarpa mating type in the São Paulo citrus belt and optimization of in vitro ascospore production
Authors: Brandão Leonardo Aparecido , Pereira Rosana Gonçalves , Moreira Rafaele Regina , Amorim Lilian , Silva Junior Geraldo José
Published: April 2024

Phyllosticta citricarpa, the citrus black spot causal agent, requires both mating types, designated as MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2, to produce ascospores. Mating‐type ratio in some citrus‐growing areas has been characterized but remains little known in the São Paulo (SP) citrus belt, the largest sweet orange producer worldwide. A protocol for in vitro ascospore production was developed recently; however, there are few studies regarding the optimal conditions for their production. Thus, this study aimed to determine the mating‐type ratio in SP and quantify ascospores produced under different conditions in vitro. The mating types were identified by duplex PCR, and ascospore production was assessed in five culture media: potato dextrose agar (PDA), ½ PDA, malt extract agar (MEA), oatmeal agar (OMA) and citrus agar (CA), and at temperatures from 10 to 30°C. The ratio of MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2 was similar to 1:1. Ascospore production reached peaks of 8.0, 7.0 and 3.0 × 103 ascospores/mL in MEA, PDA and ½ PDA, respectively. There were no ascospores observed in OMA and CA. P. citricarpa ascospores were observed only at 15, 20 and 25°C in PDA, with peaks of up to 2.0 × 103 ascospores/mL at 42, 35 and 21 days, respectively. There were no ascospores observed at 10 and 30°C. Both mating types are similarly distributed in the SP citrus belt, and in vitro ascospore production may be optimized by using MEA at 25°C. These data provide a better understanding of P. citricarpa sexual reproduction and a background for further studies with ascospores.
Transcriptomic analysis of salt‐tolerant and sensitive high‐yield japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) reveals complicated salt‐tolerant mechanisms
Authors: Liu Xin , Gao Yingbo , Li Rongkai , Zhang Xiaoxiang , Dong Guichun , Zhou Juan , Zhou Yong , Yang Zefeng , Huang Jianye , Dai Qigen , Yao Youli
Published: April 2024

Developing and cultivating rice varieties is a potent strategy for reclaiming salinity‐affected soils for rice production. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms conferring salt tolerance, especially in conventional high‐yield japonica rice varieties, remain obscure. In this study, Zhendao 23309 (ZD23309) exhibited significantly less grain yield reduction under a salt stress gradient than the control variety Wuyunjing 30 (WYJ30). High positive correlations between grain yield and dry matter accumulation at the jointing, heading and maturity stages indicated that early salt tolerance performance is a crucial hallmark for yield formation. After a mild salt stress (85 mM NaCl) of young seedlings, RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) of shoot and root separately identified a total of 1952 and 3647 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ZD23309, and 2114 and 2711 DEGs in WYJ30, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed numerous DEGs in ZD23309 that play pivotal roles in strengthening salt tolerance, encompassing the response to stimulus (GO:0050896) in shoots and nucleoside binding (GO:0001882) in roots. Additionally, distinct expression patterns were observed in a fraction of genes in the two rice varieties under salt stress, corroborating the efficacy of previously reported salt tolerance genes. Our research not only offers fresh insights into the differences in salt stress tolerance among conventional high‐yield rice varieties but also unveils the intricate nature of salt tolerance mechanisms. These findings lay a solid groundwork for deciphering the mechanisms underlying salt tolerance.
The investigation of parameters affecting the treatment of synthetic bilge water by continuous electrooxidation/flotation process
Authors: Akbarzadeh Yazdi Donya , Yilmaz Alper Erdem , Güler Sümeyye , Komesli Okan Tarık
Published: April 2024

This study addresses the pressing issue of bilge water pollution from ships, a highly oily and hazardous wastewater source. The research employs the electrooxidation/flotation process, known for its effectiveness in organic matter removal. Key parameters, such as initial pH, current density and flow rate, were investigated for their impact on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and oil‐grease (OG) from bilge water. Initial pH showed minimal effects on COD and OG removal, while current density significantly enhanced removal efficiency by influencing anodic electrochemical reactions. Conversely, higher flow rates reduced residence time and lowered removal efficiency. Optimal conditions, with a current density of 10 mA/cm2, pH 7.5 and a flow rate of 20 ml/min, achieved impressive results, removing approximately 80% of COD and 99% of OG from bilge water. These findings highlight the potential of this method for effective bilge water purification.
Taxonomic revision and dissolution of the genus Monachoides (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora)
Authors: Adamcová Tereza , Juřičková Lucie , Proćków Małgorzata , Neubert Eike , Petrusek Adam , Korábek Ondřej
Published: April 2024

Monachoides is a genus of medium‐sized European land snails in the family Hygromiidae. Systematics of this family was until recently based on traits of the genital system that were shown to be uninformative, resulting in revisions of classifications at the genus and family levels. Up to six species were recognized in Monachoides lately, but the inclusion of three of these species was questionable. Our phylogenetic analysis and morphological examinations show that the genus includes species previously classified in two different Hygromiidae subfamilies. After transferring three Balkan species to the unrelated genus Xerocampylaea, Monachoides emerged as a group that diversified relatively northerly, at the boundary between the Balkans and Central Europe. One species, Monachoides bacescui, is synonymized here and a previously overlooked one is redescribed, leaving only three valid species in Monachoides as currently understood: M. incarnatus, M. vicinus and M. welebitanus. These can be distinguished from other hygromiid species by their distinctive microsculpture of the shell surface, which also allows for identification of juveniles or fragmented fossil material. However, the clade comprising the three above species was found to also include the two species currently classified in Perforatella. As a result, the two genera are synonymized, with Perforatella having priority.
Zeros of Rankin–Selberg L-functions in families
Authors: Humphries Peter , Thorner Jesse
Published: April 2024

Let $\mathfrak {F}_n$ be the set of all cuspidal automorphic representations $\pi$ of $\mathrm {GL}_n$ with unitary central character over a number field $F$. We prove the first unconditional zero density estimate for the set $\mathcal {S}=\{L(s,\pi \times \pi ')\colon \pi \in \mathfrak {F}_n\}$ of Rankin–Selberg $L$-functions, where $\pi '\in \mathfrak {F}_{n'}$ is fixed. We use this density estimate to establish: (i) a hybrid-aspect subconvexity bound at $s=\frac {1}{2}$ for almost all $L(s,\pi \times \pi ')\in \mathcal {S}$; (ii) a strong on-average form of effective multiplicity one for almost all $\pi \in \mathfrak {F}_n$; and (iii) a positive level of distribution for $L(s,\pi \times \widetilde {\pi })$, in the sense of Bombieri–Vinogradov, for each $\pi \in \mathfrak {F}_n$.
Adaptive introgression reveals the genetic basis of a sexually selected syndrome in wall lizards
Authors: Feiner Nathalie , Yang Weizhao , Bunikis Ignas , While Geoffrey M. , Uller Tobias
Published: April 2024

The joint expression of particular colors, morphologies, and behaviors is a common feature of adaptation, but the genetic basis for such “phenotypic syndromes” remains poorly understood. Here, we identified a complex genetic architecture associated with a sexually selected syndrome in common wall lizards, by capitalizing on the adaptive introgression of coloration and morphology into a distantly related lineage. Consistent with the hypothesis that the evolution of phenotypic syndromes in vertebrates is facilitated by developmental linkage through neural crest cells, most of the genes associated with the syndrome are involved in neural crest cell regulation. A major locus was a ~400-kb region, characterized by standing structural genetic variation and previously implied in the evolutionary innovation of coloration and beak size in birds. We conclude that features of the developmental and genetic architecture contribute to maintaining trait integration, facilitating the extensive and rapid introgressive spread of suites of sexually selected characters.
High-speed fluidic processing circuits for dynamic control of haptic and robotic systems
Authors: Stanley Andrew A. , Roby Erik S. , Keller Sean J.
Published: April 2024

Fluidic logic circuits simplify system design for soft robotics by eliminating bulky components while enabling operation in a range of hostile environments that are incompatible with electronics but at the expense of limited computational capabilities and response times on the order of seconds. This paper presents a four-terminal fluidic transistor optimized for fast switching times, reduced component count, low unit cost, and high reproducibility to achieve complex fluidic control circuits while maintaining flow rates of liters per minute. A ring oscillator using three fluidic transistors achieves oscillation frequencies up to a kilohertz with full signal propagation, tolerating billions of cycles without failure. Fundamental processor circuits like a full adder and a 3-bit analog-to-digital converter require just seven transistors each. A decode circuit drives a high-resolution soft haptic display with refresh times below the human perception threshold for latency, and an electronics-free control circuit performs closed-loop position control of a pneumatic actuator with disturbance rejection, demonstrating the value across domains.
Bichloride-based ionic liquids for the merged storage, processing, and electrolysis of hydrogen chloride
Authors: Dreyhsig Gesa H. , Voßnacker Patrick , Kleoff Merlin , Baunis Haralds , Limberg Niklas , Lu Michael , Schomäcker Reinhard , Riedel Sebastian
Published: April 2024

Hydrogen chloride is produced as a by-product in industrial processes on a million-ton scale. Since HCl is inherently dangerous, its storage and transport are avoided by, e.g., on-site electrolysis providing H
2
and Cl
2
which usually requires complex cell designs and PFAS-based membranes. Here we report a complementary approach to safely store 0.61 kilogram HCl per kilogram storage material [NEt
3
Me]Cl forming the bichloride [NEt
3
Me][Cl(HCl)

n

]. Although HCl release is possible from this ionic liquid by heat or vacuum, the bichloride can be used directly to produce base chemicals like vinyl chloride. Alternatively, [NEt
3
Me][Cl(HCl)

n

] is electrolyzed under anhydrous conditions using a membrane-free cell to generate H
2
and the corresponding chlorination agent [NEt
3
Me][Cl(Cl
2
)

n

], enabling the combination of these ionic liquids for the production of base chemicals.
Lifelong persistence of nuclear RNAs in the mouse brain
Authors: Zocher Sara , McCloskey Asako , Karasinsky Anne , Schulte Roberta , Friedrich Ulrike , Lesche Mathias , Rund Nicole , Gage Fred H. , Hetzer Martin W. , Toda Tomohisa
Published: April 2024

Genomic DNA that resides in the nuclei of mammalian neurons can be as old as the organism itself. The life span of nuclear RNAs, which are critical for proper chromatin architecture and transcription regulation, has not been determined in adult tissues. In this work, we identified and characterized nuclear RNAs that do not turn over for at least 2 years in a subset of postnatally born cells in the mouse brain. These long-lived RNAs were stably retained in nuclei in a neural cell type–specific manner and were required for the maintenance of heterochromatin. Thus, the life span of neural cells may depend on both the molecular longevity of DNA for the storage of genetic information and also the extreme stability of RNA for the functional organization of chromatin.
Regulating advanced artificial agents
Authors: Cohen Michael K. , Kolt Noam , Bengio Yoshua , Hadfield Gillian K. , Russell Stuart
Published: April 2024

Governance frameworks should address the prospect of AI systems that cannot be safely tested
Removal of
Pseudomonas
type IV pili by a small RNA virus
Authors: Thongchol Jirapat , Yu Zihao , Harb Laith , Lin Yiruo , Koch Matthias , Theodore Matthew , Narsaria Utkarsh , Shaevitz Joshua , Gitai Zemer , Wu Yinghao , Zhang Junjie , Zeng Lanying
Published: April 2024

The retractile type IV pilus (T4P) is important for virulence of the opportunistic human pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. The single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) phage PP7 binds to T4P and is brought to the cell surface through pilus retraction. Using fluorescence microscopy, we discovered that PP7 detaches T4P, which impairs cell motility and restricts the pathogen’s virulence. Using cryo–electron microscopy, mutagenesis, optical trapping, and Langevin dynamics simulation, we resolved the structure of PP7, T4P, and the PP7/T4P complex and showed that T4P detachment is driven by the affinity between the phage maturation protein and its bound pilin, plus the pilus retraction force and speed, and pilus bending. Pilus detachment may be widespread among other ssRNA phages and their retractile pilus systems and offers new prospects for antibacterial prophylaxis and therapeutics.
Automated innovation and impact
Authors: Wasswa William
Published: April 2024

Online platforms promote community change, from challenge to commercialization
TSPAN8
+
myofibroblastic cancer–associated fibroblasts promote chemoresistance in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Fan Guangjian , Yu Bo , Tang Lei , Zhu Rongxuan , Chen Jianhua , Zhu Ying , Huang He , Zhou Liying , Liu Jun , Wang Wei , Tao Zhonghua , Zhang Fengchun , Yu Siwei , Lu Xiaoqing , Cao Yuan , Du Shaoqian , Li Huihui , Li Junjian , Zhang Jian , Ren He , Gires Olivier , Liu Haikun , Wang Xin , Qin Jun , Wang Hongxia
Published: April 2024

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are abundant stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment that promote cancer progression and relapse. However, the heterogeneity and regulatory roles of CAFs underlying chemoresistance remain largely unclear. Here, we performed a single-cell analysis using high-dimensional flow cytometry analysis and identified a distinct senescence-like tetraspanin-8 (TSPAN8)
+
myofibroblastic CAF (myCAF) subset, which is correlated with therapeutic resistance and poor survival in multiple cohorts of patients with breast cancer (BC). TSPAN8
+
myCAFs potentiate the stemness of the surrounding BC cells through secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)–related factors IL-6 and IL-8 to counteract chemotherapy. NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) reduction was responsible for the senescence-like phenotype and tumor-promoting role of TSPAN8
+
myCAFs. Mechanistically, TSPAN8 promoted the phosphorylation of ubiquitin E3 ligase retinoblastoma binding protein 6 (RBBP6) at Ser
772
by recruiting MAPK11, thereby inducing SIRT6 protein destruction. In turn, SIRT6 down-regulation up-regulated
GLS1
and
PYCR1
, which caused TSPAN8
+
myCAFs to secrete aspartate and proline, and therefore proved a nutritional niche to support BC outgrowth. By demonstrating that TSPAN8
+
SIRT6
low
myCAFs were tightly associated with unfavorable disease outcomes, we proposed that the combined regimen of anti-TSPAN8 antibody and SIRT6 activator MDL-800 is a promising approach to overcome chemoresistance. These findings highlight that senescence contributes to CAF heterogeneity and chemoresistance and suggest that targeting TSPAN8
+
myCAFs is a promising approach to circumvent chemoresistance.
Oscillations of a Fluid in a Circular Cylinder with Bottom Elevation
Authors: Nesterov S. V. , Kalinichenko V. A.
Published: April 2024

The problem of standing waves in a circular cylindrical vessel with an elevation on the bottom is formulated and numerically solved in the long wave approximation using an accelerated convergence algorithm. As a result of the calculations, the natural frequency of the fundamental wave mode is determined with a high accuracy. To compare the theoretical results, new experimental data on the excitation of standing surface gravity waves in a circular cylindrical vessel with parabolic and conical elevations at the bottom are presented. It is shown that the calculated and measured natural frequencies of the fundamental wave mode in vessels with the profiled bottom coincide between themselves.
Left head rotation (LeHeR), an innovative approach for intubation in patients with missing and loose teeth
Authors: Veparala Prudhvi Raj , Samagh Navneh , Jangra Kiran , Jabbal Harmandeep Singh
Published: April 2024

Missing and loose central incisors pose a great difficulty to anaesthesiologists during laryngoscopy and intubation. Left head rotation is a novel technique which facilitates intubation by improving the laryngoscopic view. We report the use of this technique in two patients with missing or loose central incisors to prevent dental trauma.
Basivertebral nerve ablation with concurrent lumbar laminotomy
Authors: Marcus Jason L , Westerhaus Benjamin D , Chernicki Brendan , Giuffrida Anthony
Published: April 2024

Lumbar radiculopathy due to impingement of nerve roots from facet hypertrophy and/or disc herniation can often coincide with vertebrogenic low back pain. This is demonstrated on MRI with foraminal stenosis and Modic changes. We examine the potential of using a combination of basivertebral nerve ablation (BVNA) and lumbar laminotomy as an alternative to traditional spinal fusion in specific patient populations. This unique combination of surgical techniques has not been previously reported in the medical literature. We report a man in his late 30s with chronic low back pain and lumbar radiculopathy, treated with BVNA and concurrent laminotomy. The patient reported progressive improvements in his mobility and pain over the next 2 years. We discuss the advantages of using this technique for lumbar radiculopathy and Modic changes compared with conventional surgical modalities.
Prognostic factors for disease activity in newly diagnosed teriflunomide-treated patients with multiple sclerosis: a nationwide Danish study
Authors: Mahler Mie Reith , Magyari Melinda , Pontieri Luigi , Elberling Frederik , Holm Rolf Pringler , Weglewski Arkadiusz , Poulsen Mai Bang , Storr Lars Kristian , Bekyarov Plamen Anzhelov , Illes Zsolt , Kant Matthias , Sejbaek Tobias , Stilund Morten Leif , Rasmussen Peter V , Brask Maria , Urbonaviciute Inga , Sellebjerg Finn
Published: April 2024

Background

Clinicians frequently rely on relapse counts, T2 MRI lesion load (T2L) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores to guide treatment decisions for individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study evaluates how these factors, along with age and sex, influence prognosis during treatment with teriflunomide (TFL).

Methods

We conducted a nationwide cohort study using data from the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry.

Eligible participants had relapsing-remitting MS or clinically isolated syndrome and initiated TFL as their first treatment between 2013 and 2019. The effect of age, pretreatment relapses, T2L and EDSS scores on the risk of disease activity on TFL were stratified by sex.

Results

In total, 784 individuals were included (57.4% females). A high number of pretreatment relapses (≥2) was associated with an increased risk of disease activity in females only (OR and (95% CI): 1.76 (1.11 to 2.81)). Age group 50+ was associated with a lower risk of disease activity in both sexes (OR females=0.28 (0.14 to 0.56); OR males=0.22 (0.09 to 0.55)), while age 35–49 showed a different impact in males and females (OR females=0.79 (0.50 to 1.23); OR males=0.42 (0.24 to 0.72)). EDSS scores and T2L did not show any consistent associations.

Conclusion

A high number of pretreatment relapses was only associated with an increased risk of disease activity in females, while age had a differential impact on the risk of disease activity according to sex. Clinicians may consider age, sex and relapses when deciding on TFL treatment.
Trends in the prevalence and pharmacological management of migraine during pregnancy in the UK, 2000–2018
Authors: Phillips Katherine , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Wakerley Benjamin R , Crowe Francesca L
Published: April 2024

Background

Migraine is common in women of reproductive age. This study aimed to (1) describe the prevalence of migraine in pregnant women in the UK, (2) identify drugs commonly prescribed for migraine during pregnancy and (3) identify characteristics associated with being prescribed medication for migraine during pregnancy.

Methods

The Clinical Practice Research Datalink pregnancy register, a database of pregnancy episodes identified in anonymised primary care health records, was used.

Crude and age-standardised prevalence of migraine during pregnancy and the proportion of women with migraine prescribed drugs used for migraine management were calculated for each year between 2000 and 2018.

Logistic regression was used to describe the relationship between patient characteristics and being prescribed migraine medication during pregnancy.

Results

1 377 053 pregnancies were included, of which 187 328 were in women with a history of migraine. The age-adjusted prevalence increased from 11.4% in 2000 to 17.2% in 2018. There was an increase in the rates of prescription for numerous medications for the management of migraine.

Older women (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.41 (1.20 to 1.66)), women of black (aOR 1.40 (1.32 to 1.48)) and South Asian ethnicity (aOR 1.48 (1.38 to 1.59)), those living in the most deprived areas (aOR 1.60 (1.54 to 1.66)), women who were obese (aOR 1.39 (1.35 to 1.43)), smokers (aOR 1.15 (1.12 to 1.18)) and those with comorbid conditions were more likely to receive a prescription during pregnancy.

Conclusions

Rates of recorded migraine have increased over the past two decades as well as rates of prescribing in women with migraine. Higher prescribing rates are seen in certain groups, which has the potential to exacerbate health inequalities.
River influence on mercury bioaccumulation in the coastal food web of Eeyou Istchee, James Bay, Canada
Authors: Chételat John , Heath Joel P. , Arragutainaq Lucassie , Lameboy John , McClelland Christine , Mickpegak Raymond
Published: April 2024

Spatial patterns of bioaccumulated mercury were evaluated in coastal marine food webs of east Hudson Bay and east James Bay in the boreal subarctic of Canada. Two marine species, blue mussels ( Mytilus edulis) and common eider ducks ( Somateria mollissima) that consume mussels, were collected by a regional community-based monitoring network established in five communities. Stable isotope tracers (carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and mercury) were measured to evaluate environmental drivers of mercury spatial patterns. Mercury concentrations of blue mussels and common eiders were twofold and fivefold higher, respectively, on the James Bay coast near the community of Chisasibi compared to sites in east Hudson Bay. Liver and muscle mercury concentrations of eiders from James Bay are among the highest values reported for the circumpolar subarctic and Arctic. Multiple lines of evidence (mercury spatial patterns, crustal elements in blue mussels, and mercury isotope values of common eiders) suggest elevated mercury in the coastal food web of east James Bay may be due to mercury loading from the La Grande River, which drains one of the largest hydroelectric developments in the world. These findings highlight the importance of further research on environmental processes linking large rivers to mercury bioaccumulation in northern coastal food webs.
Numerical heat featuring in radiative convective ternary nanofluid under induced magnetic field and heat generating source
Authors: Adnan  , Abbas Waseem , Alqahtani Aisha M. , Mahmood Zafar , Ould Beinane Sid Ahmed , Bilal Muhammad
Published: April 2024

The study of nanoliquid characteristics and their heat performance have attracted the interest of engineers. These engineered fluids have high thermal conductivity due to which such liquids are reliable for different engineering applications including heating/cooling of buildings, thermal and mechanical engineering, etc. Therefore, the current research design provides a new ternary nanoliquid model for the heat transport process under induced magnetic field effects, mixed convection, heating source and thermal radiations. The modeling has been done by implementing the ternary fluid characteristics and supportive transformations and then for results simulation; bvp4c is coded successfully. It is scrutinized that a higher inductive magnetic field (0.1–0.4) and nanoparticles amount (0.01–0.07) are better to resist the movement while the wedge parameter ([Formula: see text] promotes it. By promoting the heating source, Eckert and [Formula: see text], the heat transfer process is observed rapidly while the mixed convective number [Formula: see text] controls it. Further, the particular used ternary nanoliquid is examined and found to be good for cooling purposes.
Thermal and mass stratification effects on MHD nanofluid past an exponentially accelerated vertical plate through a porous medium with thermal radiation and heat source
Authors: Nath Rupam Shankar , Deka Rudra Kanta
Published: April 2024

The aim of this research is to investigate the combined effects of thermal and mass stratification on unsteady magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid moving through an exponentially accelerated vertical plate in a porous medium. The governing equations of the problem are solved numerically by using the implicit Crank–Nicolson method. The results of the nanofluid with two different stratification are compared to those obtained without any stratification. The velocity of the nanofluid decreases with both types of stratification, whereas temperature and concentration decrease with thermal stratification and mass stratification, respectively. A variety of parameters, including the volume fraction of nanoparticles, thermal radiation, heat source/sink, and chemical reaction, can be studied using graphs. The important results demonstrate that nanofluids are more thermally conductive than normal fluids. This research holds significant implications in various fields, including power generation, electronic component cooling, and vehicle construction.
Metrics for Domain Shift Characterization: Comparisons and New Directions
Authors: Nagananda Navya , Savakis Andreas
Published: April 2024

Domain adaptation is an important area of research, as it aims to remedy the effects of the domain shift due to differences in the distribution between the source domain used for training and the target domain where prediction takes place. However, methods for characterizing the domain shift across datasets are lacking. In this work, we propose a domain shift metric called SpOT, which stands for spherical optimal transport, by operating on the spherical manifold. We realize our approach with a spherical network, used to obtain features, and an orthogonal projection loss, used to impose orthogonality in the feature space. The resulting spherical features have better inter-class separation and lower intra-class variation compared to features in Euclidean space. This type of feature clustering makes each domain representation more compact and more suitable for further analysis. The domain shift between the datasets is calculated using the optimal transport on the spherical features, which has a sound theoretical basis. Our results are further supported by experiments that show the correlation of SpOT with a new gain of transfer measure across domain adaptation datasets.
Topological actions of Temperley–Lieb monoids and representation stability
Authors: Sitaraman Maithreya
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we consider the Temperley–Lieb algebras [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text]. Since [Formula: see text], we can consider the multiplicative monoid structure and ask how this monoid acts on topological spaces. Given a monoid action on a topological space, we get an algebra action on each homology group. The main theorem of this paper explicitly deduces the representation structure of the homology groups in terms of a natural filtration associated with our [Formula: see text]-space. As a corollary of this result, we are able to study stability phenomena. There is a natural way to define representation stability in the context of [Formula: see text], and the presence of filtrations enables us to define a notion of topological stability. We are able to deduce that a filtration-stable sequence of [Formula: see text]-spaces results in representation-stable sequence of homology groups. This can be thought of as the analogue of the statement that the homology of configuration spaces forms a finitely generated FI-module.
Synthesis and Investigation of Electrochemical Studies on Thulium Tellurite (TmTeO3) for Supercapacitor Electrode Application
Authors: Ariponnammal S. , Basil Ralph N. G. , Shanmugha Soundare S. , Jayavel R.
Published: April 2024

Thulium tellurite ([Formula: see text]) is synthesized by hydrothermal method. It exhibits nearly cuboid-shaped particles along with triangular particles. [Formula: see text] is found to be monoclinic. The energy gap is 5.87[Formula: see text]eV, the Urbach energy value is 0.287[Formula: see text]eV and the refractive index is 1.881. The size of the particle is determined as 107[Formula: see text]nm. Optical transitions between energy levels assign absorption and emission peaks. Tm, was found in the oxide matrix as Tellurite. Magnetic susceptibility between 20[Formula: see text]K and 300[Formula: see text]K decreases with temperature, reaches saturation and aligns all Thulium spins. M–H curve confirms paramagnetic nature at 300[Formula: see text]K and feeble ferromagnetic nature at 77[Formula: see text]K. Cyclic voltammogram and chronopotentiometry analysis exhibit pseudo-capacitive behavior. The potential window is 0.82. Specific capacitance is found to be 87[Formula: see text]F/g. Chronopotentiometry analysis shows 55[Formula: see text]F/g specific capacitance. Impedance analysis shows a pseudo-capacitive nature. [Formula: see text] symmetrical supercapacitor device is fabricated with potential window of 1.52[Formula: see text]V. A specific capacitance of 37.75[Formula: see text]F/g at 1 A/g, energy density 6.055[Formula: see text]Wh kg[Formula: see text] and power density 760.99[Formula: see text]W kg[Formula: see text] was achieved. Impedance analysis shows low series resistance of 2.567[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] and charge transfer resistance of 0.473[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]. Cyclic performance with 80% specific capacitance retention is observed after 5000 cycles. The [Formula: see text] symmetric supercapacitor electrodes possess good electrochemical properties due to wider potential window, long cycle stability and notable energy density.
Surface Modification of TiO2 for High Performance in all Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Shan Dan , Sun Daoyuan , Wang Menglong , Cao Yunqing
Published: April 2024

Titanium dioxide ([Formula: see text]) is a commonly employed electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its exceptional attributes such as high mobility, a wide bandgap and remarkable stability against moisture and high temperatures. This holds particularly true for inorganic PSCs. Nevertheless, the substantial hysteresis and elevated trap defect levels following annealing present challenges to enhance the efficiency of the PSCs. Herein, we proposed a chemical bath deposition (CBD) method to fabricate the [Formula: see text] layer, serving as the electron transport layer in [Formula: see text] solar cells. This method is coupled with KCl, which supplies an ample quantity of [Formula: see text] ions capable of diffusing into the [Formula: see text] perovskite film during the annealing process. The inclusion of [Formula: see text] ions significantly diminishes the solar cell hysteresis and enhances the crystalline quality of the perovskite material, thereby enhancing the performance of [Formula: see text] solar cells. By implementing the [Formula: see text] and KCl treatments, we achieved an impressive efficiency of 9.49%. Furthermore, the device also exhibited excellent stability in air for 30 days.
Thermophysical properties and geochemical characteristics of granites in the Tengchong area: indications for resource potential of hot dry rocks
Authors: Xu Lixia , Zhang Wei , Wang Guiling , Liao Yuzhong
Published: April 2024

Ascertaining regional radiogeochemical characteristics and lithospheric thermal structure characteristics is paramount for identifying the resource potential of hot dry rocks. This study conducted thermal conductivity testing and whole-rock analyses of outcrop granites of different formation epochs from the Tengchong area. Moreover, combined with the previously published whole-rock data and the data related to radioactive heat production rates, this study conducted geological, geophysical and geothermal analyses. Key findings are:

(1) Granites in the Tengchong area exhibit an average radioactive heat generation rate of 5.54 

μ

W m
−3
. Among them, the Late Cretaceous granites have an average radioactive heat generation rate of 8.08 

μ

W m
−3
, suggesting high heat production granites.

(2) Granites in the Tengchong area present an average thermal conductivity of 3.135 W.m
−1
K
−1
, relatively akin to the average values of granitic rocks worldwide. Compared to granites of other epochs, the Late Cretaceous granites manifest significantly higher thermal conductivities, with an average of 3.28 W.m
−1
K
−1
.

(3) There is a negative correlation between the mica content and the thermal conductivity of the granites in the Tengchong area.

(4) The Tengchong area holds potential for hot dry rocks exploitation and is inferred to have a lithospheric structure characterized by hot mantle and cold crust.
The Role of Surface Free Energy in Binder Distribution and Adhesion Strength of Aqueously Processed LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathodes
Authors: Weber Andreas , Keim Noah , Gyulai Andreas , Müller Marcus , Colombo Francesco , Bauer Werner , Ehrenberg Helmut
Published: April 2024

This study identifies the critical aspects of binder distribution and mechanical integrity in aqueously processed LNMO cathodes, employing a comprehensive approach involving surface characterization techniques, adhesion strength testing, and electrochemical characterization. The investigation includes the use of the Washburn and Sessile Drop methods for surface free energy analysis, revealing key insights into the interfacial free energy of adhesion between cathode constituents. The results explain the formation of carbon-binder-domains and their impact on adhesion strength, with a particular focus on the conductive additives’ (CA) surface area. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of reducing CA surface area and employing alternative conductive additives, such as vapor-grown carbon fibers (VGCF), in improving adhesion strength and mitigating capacity fade attributed to delamination during cycling. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the role of heat treatment beyond the melting point of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) latex binder, showcasing its influence on wetting and enhancing mechanical integrity. The presented methodology provides a valuable tool for predicting and optimizing binder distribution, offering insights into improving the overall performance and reliability of aqueously processed cathodes for advanced lithium-ion batteries.
A bout of aerobic exercise in the heat increases carbohydrate use but does not enhance the disposal of an oral glucose load, in healthy active individuals
Authors: Mora-Rodriguez Ricardo , Moreno-Cabañas Alfonso , Alvarez-Jimenez Laura , Mora-Gonzalez Diego , Ortega Juan Fernando , Morales-Palomo Felix
Published: April 2024

Exercise in the heat increases estimated muscle glycogen use. Reduced muscle glycogen after exercise in the heat could increase insulin-mediated glucose uptake during a subsequent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). However, plasma glucose kinetics are not improved during the OGTT in response to a bout of exercise in the heat, and insulin sensitivity worsens. Heat stress activates glucose counterregulatory hormones whose actions may linger during the OGTT, preventing increased glucose uptake.
Two contrasting mediodorsal thalamic circuits target the mouse medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Lyuboslavsky Polina , Ordemann Gregory J. , Kizimenko Alena , Brumback Audrey C.
Published: April 2024

To realize the potential of circuit-based therapies for psychiatric disorders that localize to the prefrontal network, we need to understand the properties of the populations of neurons that make up this network. The mediodorsal (MD) thalamus has garnered attention for its roles in executive functioning and social/emotional behaviors mediated, at least in part, by its projections to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Here, we identify and compare the physiology of the projection neurons in the two MD subnuclei that provide ascending inputs to mPFC in mice. Differences in intrinsic excitability between the two populations of neurons suggest that neuromodulation strategies targeting the prefrontal thalamocortical network will have differential effects on these two streams of thalamic input to mPFC.
Intelligent Algorithm for Rock Core RQD Based on Object Detection and Image Segmentation to Suppress Noise and Vibration
Authors: Xiong Feng , Wang Jintao , Zhang Guohua , Shi Xueming , Zheng Hong , Hu Junjie
Published: April 2024

In the construction of the civil engineering infrastructure, the noise and vibration are affected by the geological conditions, adopting specific construction techniques based on the geological conditions is of great significance in suppressing the noise and vibration caused by the construction. To classify and evaluate the rock mass quality, the rock quality designation (RQD) is adopted widely in the geological and mining engineering. Traditionally, to obtain RQD, lengths of drilling core pieces are measured and RQD is calculated manually, which is labor‐expensive and time‐consuming. With the development of the computational power, the image treatment driven by the computer vision creates a potential approach to obtain RQD automatically. In the present work, the image treatment process with the aid of the object detection and the image segmentation is adopted to obtain RQD automatically, based on the similarity of features such as color and texture, the segment anything model is adopted to detect the rock cores in the image, then, the YOLOv8 algorithm is adopted to train the model, and the gap features of the rock chip segments are extracted for segmentation of different rock core segments. To test the performance of the proposed approach, 10 boreholes from Shapingba Railway Comprehensive Reconstruction Project are adopted to conduct the case study. Compared to the traditional manual approach, RQD obtained by the proposed approach is relatively accurate and obviously efficient, namely, the average error is less than 5% and the time consumed is less than 70%.
Effect of Photomultiplier Tube Voltage on the Performance of Sealed NaI (Tl) Scintillator Detectors
Authors: Zhou Hongchi , Liu Fang , Yuan Xin , Wu Jun , Li Guanda
Published: April 2024

We explored the nonlinear characteristics of energy resolution (ER) for the sealed NaI (Tl) scintillator detector by using a gamma‐ray spectroscopy system and Monte Carlo simulation. Our research focused on the two primary factors of energy resolution including the photomultiplier tube (PMT) voltage and the distance between the gamma‐ray sources (137Cs and 60Co) and the scintillator detector. The experimental results showed that energy resolution decreased when the PMT voltage increased, and the energy resolution of NaI (Tl) detectors reached a smaller value (6.92%, 6.76%, and 6.56%), especially with the PMT voltage in the range of 575–595 V. In addition, a suitable distance between the gamma‐ray source and the scintillator (5 cm) can also effectively reduce the energy resolution. We established the simulation models of the experimental NaI (Tl) detectors and simulated their energy spectra. The simulation results in the peak area agreed with the experimental results. A possible better PMT voltage choice has been proposed to obtain a smaller energy resolution.
Supplementary Table S8 from Genome-Wide CRISPR Screens Identify Multiple Synthetic Lethal Targets That Enhance KRASG12C Inhibitor Efficacy
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Suman , Huang Hsin-Yi , Lin Ziyan , Ranieri Michela , Li Shuai , Sahu Soumyadip , Liu Yingzhuo , Ban Yi , Guidry Kayla , Hu Hai , Lopez Alfonso , Sherman Fiona , Tan Yi Jer , Lee Yeuan Ting , Armstrong Amanda P. , Dolgalev Igor , Sahu Priyanka , Zhang Tinghu , Lu Wenchao , Gray Nathanael S. , Christensen James G. , Tang Tracy T. , Velcheti Vamsidhar , Khodadadi-Jamayran Alireza , Wong Kwok-Kin , Neel Benjamin G.
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Table S8
RNA-seq analysis of MTRX-849/SHP099-resistant tumor nodules from KCL mice
Supplementary Table S4 from Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Unifies Developmental Programs of Esophageal and Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia
Authors: Nowicki-Osuch Karol , Zhuang Lizhe , Cheung Tik Shing , Black Emily L. , Masqué-Soler Neus , Devonshire Ginny , Redmond Aisling M. , Freeman Adam , di Pietro Massimilliano , Pilonis Nastazja , Januszewicz Wladyslaw , O'Donovan Maria , Tavaré Simon , Shields Jacqueline D. , Fitzgerald Rebecca C.
Published: April 2024

This table contains results of pairwise differential expression analysis between E-GM and gastric tissues and Atrophic gastritis and gastric tissue.