bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abundance determination of atoms and ions in the channel plasma of lightning
Authors: Wei Feng , Shen Xiaozhi , Yuan Ping , An Tingting , An Yingying , Su Mengle
Published: July 2024

Based on the multi-configuration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) method, accurate atomic spectral data were calculated and used for plasma spectral diagnostics and line identification. The formation of multiplet emission lines due to the proximity of the upper and lower levels of the transition is common. For multiplet analysis, some software is often used for line separation; however, this is a rather inaccurate process. In this study, the CF-LIBS and Saha-Boltzmann methods for multiplet emission lines are derived, which allow the use of multiplet and singlet emission lines. This CF-LIBS and Saha-Boltzmann method for multiplet is used in lightning plasma spectroscopy for obtaining particle abundances in the lightning channel. It was found that there is a dependence between the intercept, ξ, of the Boltzmann plot and the ionic abundance, η, of the plasma, and that the differences in η in different particles are attributed to the varying amounts of nitrogen and oxygen in the air. Then, the final measured η-data indicate that N II ions are the most abundant in this lightning, with N III and O III ions being extremely rare. The presently reported data are in better agreement with some verification data and other measurements.
Compact common-path polarization holography for measurement of the Jones matrix of polarization-sensitive materials
Authors: Shan Mingguang , Yu Xintian , Liu Lei , Xie Yongqiang , Zhong Zhi , Yu Lei
Published: July 2024

A compact common-path off-axis digital holographic imaging method is proposed utilizing polarization-angular-multiplexing for Jones matrix measurement. Our method employs a common-path off-axis configuration to capture multiplexed off-axis interferograms generated by orthogonally polarized object beams and a reference beam on a monochrome CCD camera. The modulation of the fringe direction is achieved by two homemade retro-reflector mirrors, allowing for the retrieval of the Jones matrix distribution of transparent specimens through a matrix-division algorithm. The stable common-path design and the expansive camera field of view facilitate the extraction of spatially resolved Jones matrix parameters. The feasibility of this method was validated through experiments involving standard objects and polarization-sensitive materials, conducted at both general and microscopic scales. Our system completed polarization imaging of cancerous tissues, unequivocally demonstrating its extraordinary potential in medical pathology diagnostics.
Fast and efficient hard X-ray projection imaging below 10 nm resolution
Authors: Zhang Wenhui , Dresselhaus J. Lukas , Fleckenstein Holger , Prasciolu Mauro , Zakharova Margarita , Ivanov Nikolay , Li Chufeng , Yefanov Oleksandr , Li Tang , Egorov Dmitry , De Gennaro Aquino Ivan , Middendorf Philipp , Hagemann Johannes , Shi Shan , Bajt Saša , Chapman Henry N.
Published: July 2024

High-resolution X-ray imaging of noncrystalline objects is often achieved through the approach of scanning coherent diffractive imaging known as ptychography. The imaging resolution is usually limited by the scattering properties of the sample, where weak diffraction signals at the highest scattering angles compete with parasitic scattering. Here, we demonstrate that X-ray multilayer Laue lenses with a high numerical aperture (NA) can be used to create a strong reference beam that holographically boosts weak scattering from the sample over a large range of scattering angles, enabling high-resolution imaging that is tolerant of such background. An imaging resolution of sub-10 nm was achieved at a photon energy of 17.4 keV with lenses of 0.014 NA from a Siemens star test object and a sample of hierarchical nanoporous gold, recording projection holograms at an effective magnification of more than 30,000 directly on a pixel-array detector. A numerical study compared this approach to low-NA far-field ptychography, indicating significant advantages for using high-NA lenses in the presence of background noise. This imaging modality is particularly fast and efficient at recording high-resolution transmission phase-contrast images over large fields of view in a facile manner.
Silicon integrated photonic-electronic neuron for noise-resilient deep learning
Authors: Roumpos Ioannis , De Marinis Lorenzo , Kovaios Stefanos , Kincaid Peter Seigo , Paolini Emilio , Tsakyridis Apostolos , Moralis-Pegios Miltiadis , Berciano Mathias , Ferraro Filippo , Bode Dieter , Srinivasan Srinivasan Ashwyn , Pantouvaki Marianna , Andriolli Nicola , Contestabile Giampiero , Pleros Nikos , Vyrsokinos Konstantinos
Published: July 2024

This paper presents an experimental demonstration of the photonic segment of a photonic-electronic multiply accumulate neuron (PEMAN) architecture, employing a silicon photonic chip with high-speed electro-absorption modulators for matrix-vector multiplications. The photonic integrated circuit has been evaluated through a noise-sensitive three-layer neural network (NN) with 1350 trainable parameters targeting heartbeat sound classification for health monitoring purposes. Its experimental validation revealed F1-scores of 85.9% and 81% at compute rates of 10 and 20 Gbaud, respectively, exploiting quantization- and noise-aware deep learning techniques and introducing a novel activation function slope stretching strategy for mitigating noise impairments. The enhanced noise-resilient properties of this novel training model are confirmed via simulations for varying noise levels, being in excellent agreement with the respective experimental data obtained at 10, 20, and 30 Gbaud symbol rates.
Fully tunable microwave photonic narrow bandpass filter using an on-chip dual-drive microring resonator
Authors: Zhang Weifeng , Jiang Yushu , Liu Yaming , Wang Bin
Published: July 2024

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a fully tunable microwave photonic narrow bandpass filter based on phase modulation to intensity modulation (PM-IM) conversion. In the filter implementation, an on-chip dual-drive microring resonator (MRR) is a key component. This resonator leverages a multimode waveguide to enable a high Q-factor. A metallic micro-heater and a lateral PN junction are simultaneously created for resonance wavelength tuning. When one driving signal is applied to the micro-heater, a large tuning range of the resonance wavelength is resulted; when another driving signal is applied to the PN junction, a fast tuning speed of the resonance wavelength is caused. By jointly using two different tuning mechanisms, the realized microwave photonic filter features a large frequency tuning range as well as a fast tuning speed. In addition, the filter bandwidth can also be tuned. A silicon-based dual-drive high-Q racetrack MRR chip is designed, fabricated, and evaluated. By incorporating the chip in a microwave photonic filter system, a bandpass filter with a narrow bandwidth of 1.27 GHz is achieved. An ultra-wide frequency tuning range from 3 to 51 GHz, an ultra-fast tuning speed less than 0.54 ns, and a tunable bandwidth from 1.27 to 4.47 GHz is experimentally demonstrated. This fully tunable filter offers significant potential in future radar and next-generation wireless communication applications.
Fiber-coupled 2 mL vacuum-gap Fabry–Perot reference cavity for portable laser stabilization
Authors: McLemore Charles A. , Jin Naijun , Kelleher Megan L. , Luo Yizhi , Lee Dahyeon , Liu Yifan , Nakamura Takuma , Mason David , Rakich Peter , Diddams Scott A. , Quinlan Franklyn
Published: July 2024

Vacuum-gap Fabry–Perot cavities are indispensable for the realization of frequency-stable lasers, with applications across a diverse range of scientific and industrial pursuits. However, making these cavity-based laser stabilization systems compact, portable, and rugged enough for use outside of controlled laboratory conditions has proven difficult. Here, we present a fiber-coupled 1396 nm laser stabilization system requiring no free-space optics or alignment, built for a portable strontium optical lattice clock. Based on a 2 mL vacuum-gap Fabry–Perot cavity, this system demonstrates thermal noise-limited performance and 1 × 10−14 fractional frequency instability. Fiber-integrated optical components have been instrumental in both advancing the field of optics and leveraging those advances across disciplines to facilitate other fields of study. This portable system represents a major step toward making the frequency stability of cavity-based systems broadly accessible.
Fast nonlinear Fourier transform algorithm for reconstruction of optical data from nonlinear spectra of the Manakov system
Authors: Medvedev Sergey , Vaseva Irina , Fedoruk Mikhail
Published: July 2024

We propose a high-precision algorithm for solving the three-component Gelfand–Levitan–Marchenko equations (GLME) associated with the Manakov system, which describes the behavior of light waves through the optical fibers. The algorithm generalizes the high-order generalized Toeplitz inner-bordering method for solving the two-component GLME associated with the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Numerical experiments have shown that the proposed algorithm makes it possible to increase the accuracy of solving the GLME associated with Manakov system up to the sixth order.
Low-repetition-rate near-infrared femtosecond pulse generation in a harmonically pumped idler-resonant optical parametric oscillator
Authors: Allan Ewan , McCracken Richard A.
Published: July 2024

We demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge, the first harmonically pumped idler-resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO). Exploiting the synchronous behavior of an ultrafast OPO, we generate 49.16-MHz non-resonant signal pulses using a 49.16-MHz Yb:fiber laser as a pump source by constructing idler-resonant OPO cavities up to the 6th harmonic at 294.96 MHz, with 100-mW-level signal outputs tunable across 1680-2000 nm. We investigate the suitability to this approach to realize high-energy near-infrared pulses in a compact footprint via the non-resonant signal wave.
Apparatus and Method for Measuring Individual Colour-Matching Functions
Authors: Ragoo Luvin , Farup Ivar , Wold Jan Henrik
Published: July 2024

This article presents a compact colorimeter for the purpose of measuring colour-matching functions (CMFs) of individual observers through psychophysical experiments. Constructed from 3D-printed parts, optical elements, and LED-based light engines, the colorimeter facilitates the juxtaposition of two fields to create a bipartite field. The system underwent characterisation to evaluate factors that may impact colour-matching experiments, such as LED-light stability, spatial homogeneity of the bipartite field, and potential stray light leakage.
A pilot study involved three observers in a maximum saturation-type colour-matching experiment. Using near-spectral lights with peak wavelengths ranging from 400 nm to 720 nm as test lights, observers were tasked with adjusting the intensities of three instrumental reference lights, produced by red, green, and blue LEDs, to achieve a colour match between the two juxtaposed fields.
When a match was reached, the spectral radiance of each light-emitting half-field was measured. The difference between the two spectral distributions was obtained, and the tristimulus values for the latter were computed through least-squares estimation.
The study aimed to assess the accuracy and performance of the system in measuring individual observer CMFs. Results indicate that the system is stable enough to measure intra-observer variations in CMFs. Through statistical analysis, regions where there are significant inter-observer differences in CMFs become apparent. Furthermore, the measured CMFs were compared with the Stiles and Burch 1955 2° CMFs, after being transformed to the same reference colour stimuli basis. While the measured CMFs exhibited comparable characteristics to those of the Stiles and Burch 1955 CMFs, a significant shift in the function referring to the short-wavelength reference colour stimulus was observed. This discrepancy may be attributed to age-related yellowing of the lens, as the average age of our observers is much higher than that of the Stiles and Burch 1955 study.
Using deep learning to decipher the impact of telomerase promoter mutations on the dynamic metastatic morpholome
Authors: Nevarez Andres J. , Mudla Anusorn , Diaz Sabrina A. , Hao Nan
Published: July 2024

Melanoma showcases a complex interplay of genetic alterations and intra- and inter-cellular morphological changes during metastatic transformation. While pivotal, the role of specific mutations in dictating these changes still needs to be fully elucidated. Telomerase promoter mutations (TERTp mutations) significantly influence melanoma’s progression, invasiveness, and resistance to various emerging treatments, including chemical inhibitors, telomerase inhibitors, targeted therapy, and immunotherapies. We aim to understand the morphological and phenotypic implications of the two dominant monoallelic TERTp mutations, C228T and C250T, enriched in melanoma metastasis. We developed isogenic clonal cell lines containing the TERTp mutations and utilized dual-color expression reporters steered by the endogenous Telomerase promoter, giving us allelic resolution. This approach allowed us to monitor morpholomic variations induced by these mutations. TERTp mutation-bearing cells exhibited significant morpholome differences from their wild-type counterparts, with increased allele expression patterns, augmented wound-healing rates, and unique spatiotemporal dynamics. Notably, the C250T mutation exerted more pronounced changes in the morpholome than C228T, suggesting a differential role in metastatic potential. Our findings underscore the distinct influence of TERTp mutations on melanoma’s cellular architecture and behavior. The C250T mutation may offer a unique morpholomic and systems-driven advantage for metastasis. These insights provide a foundational understanding of how a non-coding mutation in melanoma metastasis affects the system, manifesting in cellular morpholome.
Factors influencing healthcare workers’ and health system preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study in Ghana
Authors: Odiase Osamuedeme J. , Gyamerah Akua O. , Achana Fabian , Getahun Monica , Yang Clara , Bohara Sunita , Aborigo Raymond , Nutor Jerry John , Malechi Hawa , Arhinful Benedicta , Awoonor-Williams John Koku , Afulani Patience A.
Published: July 2024

Adequate preparedness of health systems, particularly healthcare workers (HCWs), to respond to COVID-19 is critical for the effective control of the virus, especially in low- and middle-income countries where health systems are overburdened. We examined Ghanaian HCWs’ perceived preparedness to respond to the pandemic and the factors that shaped their preparedness and that of the health system. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with n = 26 HCWs responsible for the clinical management of COVID-19 patients and three administrators responsible for developing and implementing COVID-19 policies at the facility level. Interviews were conducted over the phone in English, transcribed, and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Generally, HCWs felt inadequately prepared to contain the spread of COVID-19 due to resource shortages and inadequate training. HCWs, similarly, perceived the health system to be unprepared due to insufficient clinical infrastructure and logistical challenges. The few who felt prepared identified readiness in managing high consequence infectious disease cases and pre-existing protocols as enablers of HCW preparedness. The health system and HCWs were unprepared to manage the COVID-19 pandemic due to inadequate training, logistical challenges, and weak clinical infrastructure. Interventions are urgently needed to improve the health system’s preparedness for future pandemics.
COVID-19 and influenza vaccine-hesitancy subgroups
Authors: Mäki Karl O. , Karlsson Linda C. , Kaakinen Johanna K. , Schmid Philipp , Lewandowsky Stephan , Antfolk Jan , Soveri Anna
Published: July 2024

Health communicators are faced with the challenge that people can hesitate vaccines for different reasons. Our aim was to identify and describe the qualities of distinct COVID-19 and influenza vaccine-hesitancy subgroups to facilitate the development of tailored vaccine-hesitancy communication. In two studies, we used agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis to identify COVID-19 (N = 554) and influenza (N = 539) vaccine-hesitancy subgroups in the general population based on nine vaccine hesitancy-related variables (intent to get vaccinated, perceived vaccine safety, perceived vaccine efficacy, perceived disease threat, perceived vaccination responsibility, perceived vaccination convenience, distrust in authorities, conspiracy mentality, and reliance on anecdotal testimonies). We identified and described six distinct COVID-19 vaccine-hesitancy subgroups (the Vaccination Positive, the Ambivalent, the Fearing Skeptic, the Unconvinced, the Constrained Skeptic, and the Vaccination Opponent), and three influenza vaccine-hesitancy subgroups (the Vaccination Positive, the Complacent, and the Vaccination Opponent), with different levels of hesitancy. We discuss the implications of the results for health communicators. Our results shed light on the (dis)similarities between people who hesitate COVID-19 and influenza vaccines and suggest that there is greater variety in hesitancy concerning COVID-19 vaccinations than influenza vaccinations. These findings can be used to design and test tailored vaccination messages.
Adaptive truncation of the S gene in IBV during chicken embryo passaging plays a crucial role in its attenuation
Authors: Liang Rong , Liu Kangchengyin , Li Yingfei , Zhang Xuehui , Duan Linqing , Huang Min , Sun Lu , Yuan Fang , Zhao Jing , Zhao Ye , Zhang Guozhong
Published: July 2024

Like all coronaviruses, infectious bronchitis virus, the causative agent of infectious bronchitis in chickens, exhibits a high mutation rate. Adaptive mutations that arise during the production of live attenuated vaccines against IBV often decrease virulence. The specific impact of these mutations on viral pathogenicity, however, has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we identified a mutation at the 3’ end of the S gene in an IBV strain that was serially passaged in chicken embryos, and showed that this mutation resulted in a 9-aa truncation of the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of the S protein. This phenomenon of CT truncation has previously been observed in the production of attenuated vaccines against other coronaviruses such as the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. We next discovered that the 9-aa truncation in the S protein CT resulted in the loss of the endoplasmic-reticulum-retention signal (KKSV). Rescue experiments with recombinant viruses confirmed that the deletion of the KKSV motif impaired the localization of the S protein to the endoplasmic-reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) and increased its expression on the cell surface. This significantly reduced the incorporation of the S protein into viral particles, impaired early subgenomic RNA and protein synthesis, and ultimately reduced viral invasion efficiency in CEK cells. In vivo experiments in chickens confirmed the reduced pathogenicity of the mutant IBV strains. Additionally, we showed that the adaptive mutation altered the TRS-B of ORF3 and impacted the transcriptional regulation of this gene. Our findings underscore the significance of this adaptive mutation in the attenuation of IBV infection and provide a novel strategy for the development of live attenuated IBV vaccines.
Heródoto e a invenção do outro: Confrontos e conflitos culturais
Authors: Silva Maria Aparecida de Oliveira , Silva Maria de Fátima
Published: July 2024

Este título reúne um conjunto de textos, agrupados em duas secções: uma Parte 1, nas questões suscitadas pela narrativa de Heródoto, e uma Parte 2, sobre a receção que o autor conheceu na própria Antiguidade.
Suscita, assim, as linhas de força numa discussão hermenêutica que foi somando leituras ao longo dos séculos, a que o texto de Heródoto – essencialmente focado nas relações entre Oriente e Ocidente, Ásia e Europa – sempre traz um inesgotável contributo.
Atención de enfermería en la calidad asistencial en los cuidados paliativos pediátricos. Una revisión integradora
Authors: Llop García Patricia , Llagostera Reverter Irene
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: conocer el papel de la atención de enfermería en los cuidados paliativos para mejorar la calidad asistencial del niño con un proceso oncológico. Método: revisión bibliográfica de la literatura mediante la búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, la Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, Scopus y Web Of Science. Los descriptores de los tesauros DeCS y MeSH se unieron mediante los operadores booleanos AND y OR. Resultados: tras la búsqueda se obtuvieron 305 artículos, incluyendo finalmente 13 artículos para realizar la revisión tras la aplicación de los criterios de selección. La Biblioteca Virtual de Salud fue la base de datos con mayor número de artículos incluidos (n=6). Los estudios cualitativos fueron los más predominantes con un total de 9 artículos incluidos (69,23%). Conclusiones: la atención de enfermería influye en la calidad asistencial de los cuidados paliativos de los niños con un proceso oncológico, ya que es el personal que más tiempo pasa con los pacientes. Existen diversos factores que influyen en la calidad de los cuidados paliativos pediátricos como es el control del dolor, así como diferentes barreras que dificultan la integración de los cuidados paliativos pediátricos, encontrando entre ellas la falta de formación del personal de enfermería.
Autopercepción en docentes de enfermería frente al proceso enseñanza aprendizaje
Authors: Castro Araujo Francisco Javier , Ponce Pérez Erwing Oswaldo , Ramírez Pérez Taycia
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: describir la autopercepción en docentes de la carrera de enfermería de la Universidad de Guayaquil. Método: investigación de diseño interpretativo, cualitativo, fenomenológico, con la aplicación de la entrevista a once docentes de la carrera de Enfermería, por consiguiente, se realizó la entrevista mediante una guía de preguntas orientadoras, en donde los datos se organizaron en códigos, subcategorías y categorías, por el método de comparación constante. Resultados: se expresan en dos categorías comprendiendo la autopercepción en relación con su formación académica, enfocada en su labor, experiencia, predisposición a la innovación, servir como ejemplo a los estudiantes, para obtener el máximo rendimiento en la transmisión de conocimientos y trabajo organizado a favor de la comunidad, aceptando desafíos que demanda la calidad del proceso de enseñanza. Conclusiones: la autopercepción docente, evidenció buenas relaciones del profesorado con las autoridades universitarias y con sus estudiantes, donde a criterio de los maestros, han tenido que adaptarse a los cambios, desde el 2020, para enfrentar los desafíos de innovación que demanda el ejercicio de su profesión.
Distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli genes in an integrated poultry-fish farming system in Bogor, Indonesia
Authors: Handayani Kusuma Sri , Setiyono Agus , Lukman Denny Widaya , Pisestyani Herwin , Rahayu Puji
Published: July 2024

Background and Aim: The excessive use of antimicrobials in livestock farming leads to the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant organisms. This study aimed to detect extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli genes in integrated poultry-fish farms in Bogor, Indonesia.

Materials and Methods: A total of 256 samples were collected from six poultry-fish farms. One hundred and seventy-five chicken cloaca swabs, 60 fish skin swabs, six pond water samples, and 15 farmer’s hand swabs. ESBL-producing E. coli was confirmed through double-disk diffusion. The specific primers and probe genes for quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection of ESBL-producing E. coli targeted blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaOXA-48 genes.

Results: Among the 256 samples tested, 145 (56.6%) were positive for E. coli, and 67.6% (98/145) were identified as ESBL-producing E. coli. The most ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were obtained from chicken cloaca (78.3%, 72/92), followed by pond water (66.7%, 4/6), fish skin (47.6%, 20/42), and farmer’s hand swabs (40%, 2/5). About 100% of the isolates carried the genes blaTEM and blaCTX-M, whereas 17.3% and 24.5% carried blaSHV and blaOXA-48, respectively.

Conclusion: ESBL-producing E. coli genes were investigated in chicken cloaca, fish, pond water, and farmers’ hands within an interconnected poultry-fish farming operation. The ESBL-producing E. coli in chickens can transfer resistant genes to aquatic environments. The transfer could harm other aquatic species and food chains, potentially threatening human health.

Keywords: blaCTX-M, blaOXA-48, blaSHV, blaTEM, integrated poultry-fish farming system.
Jimmy Carter, Vietnam, and the Rhetoric of Gratitude: Antecedents to the Noble Cause
Authors: Robins Glenn
Published: July 2024

The study of the Vietnam War and American presidential discourse has followed a somewhat meandering path. The Vietnam discourse of Jimmy Carter remains the most poorly understood of the late Cold War presidents. Throughout the 1970s, Carter participated in, and at times led, the national debate over the federal government's responsibility to Vietnam veterans. He spoke of a debt of gratitude that the American people owed to the war's veterans. As president, parts of his domestic agenda prioritized Vietnam veterans, leading him to preside over commemorative events for the war's veterans on several occasions. During his time in elective office, he alternatingly defined the purpose of the war in Southeast Asia as preserving the American way of life, promoting democracy, or defending liberty and freedom. Carter practiced an ethics of remembering that sought to redeem the American soldier, to erase the divisiveness of the past, and to “delegitimize and marginalize anti-war opinions.”1 Despite the obvious importance of both his discourse and his actions, Carter's Vietnam War rhetoric has received very little attention.
Psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the General Phubbing Scale
Authors: Ruiz Manuel J. , Herruzo Carlos , Alcañiz-Colomer Joaquín
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The increased use of information and communication technologies, the internet and social networking sites has resulted in significant changes in the way people communicate, leading to negative consequences that might compromise psychological and physical health. The aim of this study was to present an adaptation and validation of the Generic Scale of Phubbing into a Spanish language context. Method: Three hundred forty-six Spanish respondents participated in the study by completing self-report measures for assessing their levels of phubbing, internet addiction, phone addiction, and fear of missing out (FoMO). Results: The scale adaptation to Spanish resulted in high quality psychometric properties and the original number of items and structure were preserved (nomophobia, interpersonal contact, self-isolation, and problem acknowledgement). In addition, the analysis of the relationship between variables showed that phubbing and its dimensions were positively associated with related constructs including internet addiction, phone addiction, and FoMO. Conclusions: The findings provide empirical evidence regarding the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the Generic Scale of Phubbing as a tool to assess phubbing behaviours.
Building Shadow Detection Based on Improved Quick Shift Algorithm in GF‐2 Images
Authors: Chen Yunzhi , Wang Chao , Wang Wei , Zhang Xiang , Chen Nengcheng
Published: July 2024

Shadows in remote sensing images contain crucial information about various features on the ground. In this study, a method for detecting building shadows in GF‐2 images based on improved quick shift was proposed. First, six feature variables were constructed: first principal
component (PC1), brightness component (I), normalized difference shadow index (NDSI), morphological shadow index (MSI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Then, the image was segmented to obtain homogeneous objects, which were then
classified using a random forest model. Two improvements were added to the quick shift algorithm: using PC1, I, and MSI as input data instead of RGB images; and adding Canny edge constraints. Validation in six research areas yields Kappa coefficients of 0.928, 0.896, 0.89, 0.913, 0.879, and
0.909, confirming method feasibility. In addition, comparative experiments demonstrate its effectiveness and robustness across different land cover types while mitigating the segmentation scale effect.
»Corona-Dead, auf einmal alles leer«
Authors: Middendorf Tim , Parchow Alexander
Published: July 2024

Tim Middendorf und Alexander Parchow widmen sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, wie wohnungs- und obdachlose Menschen während der Corona-Pandemie ihren Alltag gestaltet haben. Im Rahmen einer qualitativen Interview-Studie identifizieren sie ressourcenorientierte Strategien der Betroffenen zur Harmonisierung ihres Alltags.
Einführung
Authors: Schmitz Frank , Augenstein Robin
Published: July 2024

In der Einleitung widmen sich Robin Augenstein und Frank Schmitz dem Phänomen des Beweglichen in der Architektur. Rekurrierend auf Vitruv stellen sie fest, dass das Mobile stets Teil der Architektur war und die Organisation von Beweglichkeit immer als Gegenstand des architektonischen Entwurfs verstanden wurde. Die Autoren werfen die Frage nach den gestalterischen Implikationen an den Schnittstellen von Mobilem und Ortsfestem auf und resümieren den Forschungsstand zum Mobilen in der Architektur. Am Beispiel von Industriearchitektur problematisieren sie die Frage nach einer möglichen Grenzziehung zwischen (beweglicher) Maschinerie und (immobiler) Architektur. Damit sind zugleich denkmaltheoretische Fragen wie auch Fragen nach denkmalgerechter Ertüchtigung und Erhalt technischer Anlagen aufgeworfen.
Aspekte ländlicher Utopien im Anschluss an Theodor W. Adorno
Authors: Belina Bernd
Published: July 2024

Bernd Belina skizziert, was im Werk von Theodor W. Adorno in Bezug auf ländliche Utopien an Hinweisen zu finden ist. Entgegen gängiger Einschätzungen gilt Adorno, so die These, zu Unrecht nicht als Freund sowohl des Landes als auch der Utopie. Weder das eine noch die andere lehnt er ab. Bei beiden Themen verwehrt er sich aber gegen Naivität und Vereinfachung und fordert Reflexion ein. Im Beitrag wird zunächst das Ländliche ländlicher Utopien im Anschluss an Adorno, danach das Utopische ländlicher Utopien diskutiert.
Mit oder gegen den (Öko-)Strom?
Authors: Kerker Nina , Vogel Berthold
Published: July 2024

Nina Kerker und Berthold Vogel widmen sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, wie ländliche Räume in Zeiten der sozial-ökologischen Transformation gestaltet werden können. Am Beispiel der Energiewende werden vier Zukunftsszenarien aufgezeigt, die von dystopischen Absiedlungsräumen bis hin zu utopischen Gestaltungsräumen reichen. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Herausforderungen und Chancen, die sich durch den Wandel des Energiesystems ergeben. Ziel ist es, Impulse für die politische Fantasie und konkrete Handlungsvorschläge für eine nachhaltige Zukunft ländlicher Räume zu geben.
Ländliche Räume ohne Armut
Authors: Wiesinger Georg
Published: July 2024

Georg Wiesinger widmet sich der Frage, ob Armut für ländliche Regionen systemimmanent ist und innerhalb der vorherrschenden Wirtschaftslogik beseitigt werden kann. Als Beleg führt er statische Befunde an, die besagen, dass der Anteil der von Armut Betroffenen und sozial Ausgegrenzten in den ländlichen Regionen Deutschlands und Österreichs trotz zahlreicher kostenintensiver sozial- und regionalpolitischer Maßnahmen in den beiden letzten Jahrzehnten kaum abgenommen hat. Als Lösungsansatz für eine effektive Bekämpfung der ländlichen Armut führt er einen Paradigmenwechsel hin zu mehr ökologischer und sozialer Nachhaltigkeit, einer Orientierung auf die Daseinsvorsorge und einer stärkeren Ausrichtung auf das Gemeinwohl ins Treffen.
Das »Recht auf Dorf« im Dorfladen?
Authors: Marlow Robin , Mießner Michael
Published: July 2024

Robin Marlow und Michael Mießner widmen sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage danach, welcher utopische Gehalt sich in zivilgesellschaftlich organisierten Dorfläden finden lässt. In Anlehnung an Henri Lefebvres "Recht auf Stadt" und Diskussionen zu ländlichen Räumen argumentieren sie für ein "Recht auf Dorf". Anhand eines Fallbeispiels aus Niedersachsen (Deutschland) diskutieren sie, inwiefern der untersuchte Dorfladen Teil eines "Recht auf Dorf" ist und welche Grenzen Dorfläden angesichts der auch ihnen inhärenten kapitalistischen Sachzwänge gesetzt sind.
Die Kibbuz-Bewegung in Israel
Authors: Exner Andreas
Published: July 2024

Der Beitrag analysiert die komplexen Voraussetzungen der Kibbuzim, eines gelebten utopischen Entwurfs, der für einige Jahrzehnte gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen in Israel erheblich beeinflussen konnte. Verschiedene soziale, politische, kulturelle und ökonomische Bedingungen wirken dabei zusammen und produzieren spezifische Räume. Es wird deutlich, wie sich ein solcher Entwurf auf höchst kontingente Weise entwickelt und von regionalen Kontexten geprägt wird. Daraus werden Schlussfolgerungen mit Blick auf antikapitalistische Impulse für eine sozial-ökologische Transformation gezogen, die von gelebten Utopien ausgehen. Dahingehend wird die Ambivalenz der Kibbuz-Entwicklung diskutiert, die sich aus der Einbettung antikapitalistischer Praxis in bestehende ökonomische und politische Strukturen ergibt.
Respiration Essays
Authors: Kollath Edith
Published: July 2024

Kontingenz erscheint auf der Schwelle zwischen Sein und Nichtsein. Sie bezeichnet sowohl das Unkalkulierbare, das gewollte Handlungen durchkreuzt, als auch den frei wählbaren Möglichkeits- und Entscheidungsraum. In Kunstwerken begegnet uns Kontingenz im Entstehungsprozess, in der Wahl der künstlerischen Strategien und Techniken sowie im kontextabhängigen Präsentations- und Rezeptionsprozess: Könnte alles auch ganz anders sein? Was darüber in Erfahrung zu bringen ist, verfolgt Edith Kollath mit ihrer ästhetisch-respiratorischen Methode, körperdurchdringend, rhythmisch und rekursiv. Ausgehend von einer dynamischen Installation werden in einer Denk- und Atembewegung theoretische sowie praktische Perspektiven eines künstlerischen Forschungsprozesses miteinander verschränkt.
Could minimum grading enhance high school graduation rates and cost-effectiveness across Arkansas?
Authors: Morris Sarah Ruth , Johnson Alison Heape
Published: July 2024

High school graduation is a pivotal milestone that can shape students' future, offering them opportunities for higher education and gainful employment. Because research shows grade point averages and course failures to be predictive of high school graduation, it is important for students' life outcomes that their teachers assign them equitable grades. However, recent research has scrutinized how schools have traditionally graded students, calling for new approaches such as minimum grading. In this analysis, we simulate the economic impacts of implementing a minimum grading policy statewide during the ninth-grade year of the cohort of students who were in ninth grade in 2015-16 in Arkansas. On average, in Arkansas public schools, we estimate that minimum grading would affect about one (narrow bound) to 3% (broad bound) of students, increase cost-effectiveness by 6% (narrow bound) to 23% (broad bound), largely varying across districts, and have essentially no impact on the return on investment. The application of minimum grading shifted 1% of failing course grades to passing, thereby positioning 10% of previously failing students to pass. These findings suggest that minimum grading could serve as a cost-effective strategy to enhance graduation rates in districts with higher rates of affected students, without necessitating additional educational spending.
Dimensi Ekologis Sedekah Laut: Analisis Teori Aktor-Jaringan (Actor Network Theory)
Authors: Nurcholis Luckfi
Published: July 2024

Wilayah pesisir, khususnya di Indonesia, merupakan ekosistem penting yang mendukung keanekaragaman kehidupan laut dan menopang penghidupan jutaan orang. Di tengah meningkatnya tantangan lingkungan hidup, tradisi budaya Sedekah Laut, muncul sebagai sebuah lensa penting untuk memahami interaksi yang rumit antara manusia dan lingkungan pesisir. Makalah ini menggunakan teori aktor-jaringan (Actor Network Theory-ANT) untuk menyelidiki jaringan interaksi kompleks yang membentuk Sedekah Laut dan implikasi ekologisnya. Melalui penelitian etnografi di Desa Jetis, Kabupaten Cilacap, penelitian ini mengungkap beragam peran aktor manusia dan non-manusia dalam ekosistem pesisir. Mulai dari komunitas pesisir yang melakukan ritual untuk mengungkapkan rasa syukur kepada laut hingga pemimpin spiritual yang menjadi perantara antara praktik manusia dan kondisi lingkungan, setiap aktor berkontribusi pada pembentukan jaringan yang dinamis. Praktik Sedekah Laut tidak hanya memupuk identitas budaya dan kohesi masyarakat tetapi juga mendorong praktik penangkapan ikan berkelanjutan dan kepedulian terhadap lingkungan. Dengan mengintegrasikan keyakinan spiritual dan pengelolaan ekologi, Sedekah Laut mewujudkan pendekatan holistik terhadap konservasi pesisir, menyoroti keterkaitan sistem sosial, budaya, dan ekologi. Penelitian ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya mengenali dan memanfaatkan pengetahuan dan praktik tradisional dalam menjaga ekosistem pesisir untuk generasi mendatang.
The Singapore Afterlife (1970–2007) of the Japanese Architectural Movement Metabolism (新陳代謝 / Shinchintaisha, 1959–1973)
Authors: Novenario Jose Lorenzo
Published: July 2024

This paper employs the art-historical and descriptive-analytical methods to discuss the history of Metabolism in Singapore. Firstly, it discusses the conceptual and philosophical underpinnings of Metabolism with recurring themes of organic and technological terminologies to organize the modern city. It then reviews the current literature on Metabolism, emphasizing the contributions made to the analysis of Metabolism as a philosophy and an architectural movement. The paper then uses as examples the buildings which were designed and built in Singapore by Tange Kenzō and Maki Fumihiko. However, the influence of Metabolism was felt in Singapore even earlier through local architects who were inspired by its principles of designing residential and commercial spaces by means of incorporating modularity, communal living, and green urbanism into the design. Finally, the paper reflects on the influence of Metabolism on current green architecture movements in Singapore.
帝国主義下のマッドサイエンス――蘭郁二郎「宇宙爆撃」試論―― Mad-Science under Imperialism: Ran Ikujirō’s “Space Bombing”
Authors: Suzuki Yūsaku
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses the critiques of the imperial world image in Ikujirō Ran’s unpublished work Space Bombing. In this work, the researcher Murao, who works at the Borneo branch of the Institute of Magnetics, studies a “microscopic world” in which microscopic humans live in an atomic structure. He falls into the delusion that there are a minimal world within the atomic structure and a larger world where Earth is considered as a single atom. This paper argues that Murao’s perception was based on the scientific knowledge of the scientist Hantarō Nagaoka. The cosmology reflects the wartime image of the world, and we argue that the larger world implies the Western world, the human world implies Japan, and the minimal world implies the colonial world. Moreover, we suggest that Murao’s mad science indicates that the imperial world's configuration is not an absolute domination vs.no-domination relationship, but merely a relative relationship, and that the clashes between civilizations are able to be interpreted as insane.
Multi-objective Bonobo optimisers of industrial low-density polyethylene reactor
Authors: Rohman Fakhrony Sholahudin , Alwi Sharifah Rafidah Wan , Muhammad Dinie , Zahan Khairul Azly , Murat Muhamad Nazri , Azmi Ashraf
Published: July 2024

A multi-objective optimization (MOO) technique to produce a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is applied to address these two problems: increasing conversion and reducing operating cost (as the first optimization problem, P1) and increasing productivity and reducing operating cost (as the second optimization problem, P2). ASPEN Plus software was utilized for the model-based optimization by executing the MOO algorithm using the tubular reactor model. The multi-objective optimization of multi-objective Bonobo optimisers (MOBO-I, MOBO-II and MOBO-III) are utilised to solve the optimization problem. The performance matrices, including hypervolume, pure diversity, and distance, are used to decide on the best MOO method. An inequality constraint was introduced on the temperature of the reactor to prevent run-away. According to the findings of the study, the MOBO-II for Problems 1 and 2 was the most effective MOO strategy. The reason is that the solution set found represents the most accurate, diversified, and acceptable distribution points alongside the Pareto Front (PF) in terms of homogeneity. The minimum operating cost, the maximum conversion and productivity obtained by MOBO-II are Mil. RM/year 114.3, 31.45 %, Mil. RM/year 545.3, respectively.
LA AUTONOMIZACIÓN DEL CAMPO DE LA LITERATURA PARA NIÑOS ARGENTINA (1980-1990). SUS PROTOCOLOS CRÍTICOS
Authors: Cañón Mila Alicia
Published: July 2024

Este artículo comunica resultados de la investigación respecto de la reorganización del campo de la Literatura para niños argentina (1983-2001). El objetivo es mostrar los procesos de autonomización del campo a través del análisis de los protocolos críticos que produjera la formación cultural que inaugura el periodo democrático de 1983, desde el centro del país. Las variables se constituyen en tres operaciones de lectura sobre el corpus: la cuestión de la infancia y los adultos, la intrusión pedagógico-moralizante y la producción estética, que definen un modo de representar “el objeto LI”. Se delimitan en forma preliminar cuatro bloques de textos críticos que articulan las décadas entre los que se distinguen dos que interpelan exclusivamente al objeto de estudio: uno de Lidia Blanco y otro de Díaz Rönner. Por ello, el análisis de estos documentos en el periodo recortado se lleva a cabo con una investigación de enfoque cualitativo, tomando aportes de la sociología de la literatura, y de la teoría y la crítica literarias. Entre los resultados se demuestra que los agentes del campo, en diversos posicionamientos, publican un corpus crítico que en forma simultánea da entidad al campo de creación, y se cristaliza en los ochenta, cuando ciertas prácticas culturales y editoriales consolidan una producción estética para la infancia despojada de propósitos extra literarios.
Pediatric Collections: Gastroenterology Cases
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: July 2024

This compilation of twenty gastroenterology-related cases includes presenting clinical manifestations and a discussion of the broad range of possible diagnoses, with a reveal of the actual diagnosis at the end. Available for purchase at https://www.aap.org/Pediatric-Collections-Gastroenterology-Cases-Paperback
IDENTITY OF THE MODERN INDIVIDUAL IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL-PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: PALAHUTA Vadim
Published: July 2024

The article examines the problem of individual identity formation in modern conditions of neoliberalism. It is noted that the research of subjectivity, «I» (self), which is the source and condition for the formation of individual identity, actualizes the study of this problem in many social and humanitarian sciences. In the context of socio-philosophical analysis, identity represents itself as a complicated dynamic phenomenon that constantly needs new definitions, clarifications and additions. The effectiveness of using E.Erikson’s theory of individual identity in modern conditions, its significance for the formation of «I» and P.Ricker’s concept of personalistic identity are analyzed. It has been clarified that a new request for the conceptualization of identity has been formed now, which is conditioned of the collapse of political ideologies, in particular, the communist one, the significant crisis of modern neoliberal ideology and the persistent search for new forms of collective involvement or solidarity of people in the current era of globalization. However, various forms of collective identity are imposed by society, its numerous communities, ideology, state institutions, mass media, social networks with their computer capabilities, dominance of advertisements, etc. Therefore, it is not surprising that now individuals are trying to find their own identity, going out from under the pressure of the collective, mainly discursive forms of identity, and already these efforts do not depend on them to a certain extent. The construct «collective identity» in many cases does not reflect the social I (social me) of the individual, as it was conceived in the last century, because society and its communities, which involve active, mobile and changing structures, cannot be thought in terms of subjectivity. Analogies and comparisons do not work here either on a conscious or unconscious level. In the studying identity, there is a significant problem of the transition from the individual to the collective level and vice versa. A collective or group does not have the qualities of individuality with its diversity of characteristics. Taking into account the conducted consideration, it can be stated that approaches to the formation of identity are now acquiring a profound semantic transformation. An assumption was made, which needs to be carefully investigated in the future, according to which the process of partial or complete absorption of individual identity by its collective forms is currently taking place. That’s why, there is an urgent need for the formation of a new interdisciplinary approach to the research of personal identity in the modern digital society.