bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MACC1 and MET as markers associated with progression and metastasis in cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Zhou Yan , Rasner Cody J. , Giubellino Alessio
Published: July 2023

Cutaneous melanoma is the most common lethal malignancy among skin cancers and has a high propensity for metastasis. Understanding the mechanisms governing tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis as well as identifying biomarkers guiding risk stratification and management of the disease is essential. MACC1 has been found to play key roles in cancer cell migration, invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis in various types of cancer, through activation of MET signaling. In this study, we examined the extent of MACC1 and MET protein expression by immunohistochemical staining in a tissue microarray constructed from twenty-three melanomas and ten melanocytic nevi. We observed significantly higher levels of MACC1 expression on average in metastatic melanomas, comparing to primary melanomas and nevi. MET expression in metastatic melanomas was also significantly higher than in nevi. MACC1 expression does not appear to correlate with MET expression in nevi and primary melanomas. However, this correlation appears stronger in metastatic melanomas, where seven (78%) of nine cases show intermediate to high expression of both MACC1 and MET. The expressions of MACC1 and MET do not show significant differences based on other clinicopathologic factors including patient age, gender, histologic subtypes, depth of invasion, and staging. Our study suggests that high expression of MACC1 or both MACC1 and MET is associated with metastasis of cutaneous melanoma.
Characteristics and molecular mechanism of drug-tolerant cells in cancer: a review
Authors: Liang Xian-Wen , Liu Bing- , Chen Jia-Cheng , Cao Zhi , Chu Feng-ran , Lin Xiong , Wang Sheng-Zhong , Wu Jin-Cai
Published: July 2023

Drug resistance in tumours has seriously hindered the therapeutic effect. Tumour drug resistance is divided into primary resistance and acquired resistance, and the recent study has found that a significant proportion of cancer cells can acquire stable drug resistance from scratch. This group of cells first enters the drug tolerance state (DT state) under drug pressure, and gradually acquires stable drug resistance through adaptive mutations in this state. Although the specific mechanisms underlying the formation of drug tolerant cells (DTCs) remain unclear, various proteins and signalling pathways have been identified as being involved in the formation of DTCs. In the current review, we summarize the characteristics, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of DTCs in detail.
Cystathionine β-synthase affects organization of cytoskeleton and modulates carcinogenesis in colorectal carcinoma cells
Authors: Liskova Veronika , Chovancova Barbora , Babula Petr , Rezuchova Ingeborg , Pavlov Kristina Ploth , Matuskova Miroslava , Krizanova Olga
Published: July 2023

Background

Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), one of three enzymes that endogenously produce hydrogen sulfide, is extensively studied for its relevance in the cells of various tumors. In our previous work, we observed that the immunofluorescence pattern of CBS is very similar to that of tubulin and actin. Therefore, we focused on the potential interaction of CBS with cytoskeletal proteins β-actin and β-tubulin and the functional relevance of the potential interaction of these proteins in colorectal carcinoma cell lines.

Methods

To study the potential interaction of CBS with cytoskeletal proteins and its functional consequences, a CBS-knockout DLD1 (DLDx) cell line was established by using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing method. The interaction of the selected cytoskeletal protein with CBS was studied by immunoprecipitation, Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, and proximity ligation assay. The functional consequences were studied by proliferation and migration assays and by generation of xenografts in SCID/bg mice.

Results

We have found that CBS, an enzyme that endogenously produces H2S, binds to cytoskeletal β-tubulin and, to a lesser extent, also to β-actin in colorectal carcinoma-derived cells. When CBS was knocked out by the CRISPR/Cas9 technique (DLDx), we observed a de-arranged cytoskeleton compared to the unmodified DLD1 cell line. Treatment of these cells with a slow sulfide donor GYY4137 resulted in normal organization of the cytoskeleton, thus pointing to the role of CBS in microtubule dynamics. To evaluate the physiological importance of this observation, both DLD1 and DLDx cells were injected into SCID/bg mice, and the size and mass of the developed xenografts were evaluated. Significantly larger tumors developed from DLDx compared to the DLD1 cells, which correlated with the increased proliferation of these cells.

Conclusions

Taken together, in colorectal cancer DLD1 cells, CBS binds to the cytoskeleton, modulates microtubule dynamics, and thus affects the proliferation and migration in the colorectal carcinoma stable cell line.
Case report: A pediatric case of MPO-ANCA-associated granulomatosis with polyangiitis superimposed on post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis
Authors: Kuang Qianhuining , He Xu , Jia Lili , Zhang Zhiqiang , Gui Chunhong , Gao Chunlin , Xia Zhengkun
Published: July 2023

An eight-year-old girl was admitted with vomiting, gross hematuria, and progressive renal dysfunction. A renal biopsy revealed endocapillary proliferative glomerulopathy and crescent formation. Immunofluorescence staining revealed diffuse granular deposits of IgG and C3. Post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis (PSAGN) was suspected, based on the elevated anti-streptolysin O levels, decreased serum C3 concentrations, and histologic findings. The myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA) test was positive, and the young patient gradually developed palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis (PNGD), orbital and paranasal sinus granulomatous neoplasms, along with intermittent nose, head, and orbital pain. Finally, she was diagnosed with the rare MPO-ANCA-associated granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) superimposed on PSAGN. The patient was treated with aggressive renal replacement therapy, methylprednisolone pulse therapy, and intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide; her renal function normalized, and her pain symptoms improved.
Genomic versus phenotypic selection to improve corn borer resistance and grain yield in maize
Authors: Gesteiro Noemi , Ordás Bernardo , Butrón Ana , de la Fuente María , Jiménez-Galindo José Cruz , Samayoa Luis Fernando , Cao Ana , Malvar Rosa Ana
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The study of yield and resistance/tolerance to pest are related traits fundamental for maize breeding programs. Genomic selection (GS), which uses all marker information to calculate genomic breeding values, is presented as an emerging alternative to phenotypic and marker-assisted selections for improving complex traits controlled by many genes with small effects. Therefore, although phenotypic selection (PS) has been effective for increasing resistance and yield under high infestation with maize stem borers, higher genetic gains are expected to be obtained through GS based on the complex architecture of both traits. Our objective was to test whether GS is more effective than PS for improving resistance and/or tolerance to maize stem borers and grain yield.

Methods

For this, we compared different selection programs based on phenotype and genotypic value for a single trait, resistance or yield, and for both traits together.

Results and discussion

We obtained that GS achieved the highest genetic gain for yield, meanwhile phenotypic selection for yield was the program that achieved the highest reduction of tunnel length, but was ineffective for increasing yield. However, phenotypic or genomic selection for increased resistance may be more effective in improving both traits together; although the gains per cycle would be small for both traits.
Using enzyme activities as an indicator of soil fertility in grassland - an academic dilemma
Authors: Wang Li , Hamel Chantal , Lu Peina , Wang Junying , Sun Dandi , Wang Yijia , Lee Soon-Jae , Gan Gary Y.
Published: July 2023

Grasslands play an important role in conserving natural biodiversity and providing ecosystem functions and services for societies. Soil fertility is an important property in grassland, and the monitoring of soil fertility can provide crucial information to optimize ecosystem productivity and sustainability. Testing various soil physiochemical properties related to fertility usually relies on traditional measures, such as destructive sampling, pre-test treatments, labor-intensive procedures, and costly laboratory measurements, which are often difficult to perform. However, soil enzyme activity reflecting the intensity of soil biochemical reactions is a reliable indicator of soil properties and thus enzyme assays could be an efficient alternative to evaluate soil fertility. Here, we review the latest research on the features and functions of enzymes catalyzing the biochemical processes that convert organic materials to available plant nutrients, increase soil carbon and nutrient cycling, and enhance microbial activities to improve soil fertility. We focus on the complex relationships among soil enzyme activities and functions, microbial biomass, physiochemical properties, and soil/crop management practices. We highlight the biochemistry of enzymes and the rationale for using enzyme activities to indicate soil fertility. Finally, we discuss the limits and disadvantages of the potential new molecular tool and provide suggestions to improve the reliability and feasibility of the proposed alternative.
Comparative and phylogenetic analysis of complete chloroplast genomes from seven Neocinnamomum taxa (Lauraceae)
Authors: Cao Zhengying , Yang Linyi , Xin Yaxuan , Xu Wenbin , Li Qishao , Zhang Haorong , Tu Yuxiang , Song Yu , Xin Peiyao
Published: July 2023

The genus Neocinnamomum is considered to be one of the most enigmatic groups in Lauraceae, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of Southeast Asia. The genus contains valuable oilseed and medicinal tree species. However, there are few studies on the genus Neocinnamomum at present, and its interspecific relationship is still unclear. In order to explore the genetic structure and evolutionary characteristics of the Neocinnamomum chloroplast genome and to resolve the species relationships within the genus, comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses were performed on the whole chloroplast genome sequences of 51 samples representing seven Neocinnamomum taxa. The whole Neocinnamomum chloroplast genome size ranged from 150,753-150,956 bp, with a GC content of 38.8%-38.9%. A total of 128 genes were annotated within the Neocinnamomum chloroplast genome, including 84 protein coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 36 tRNA genes. Between 71-82 SSRs were detected, among which A/T base repeats were the most common. The chloroplast genome contained a total of 31 preferred codons. Three highly variable regions, trnN-GUU-ndhF, petA-psbJ, and ccsA-ndhD, were identified with Pi values > 0.004. Based on the whole chloroplast genome phylogenetic tree, the phylogenetic relationships among the seven Neocinnamomum taxa were determined. N. delavayi and N. fargesii were the most closely related species, and N. lecomtei was identified as the most basal taxon. In this study, the characteristics and sequence variation of the chloroplast genomes of seven Neocinnamomum taxa were revealed, and the genetic relationship among the species was clarified. The results of this study will provide a reference for subsequent molecular marker development and phylogenetic research of Neocinnamomum.
Optimization of in vitro and ex vitro Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation of soybean for visual screening of transformants using RUBY
Authors: Niazian Mohsen , Belzile François , Curtin Shaun J. , de Ronne Maxime , Torkamaneh Davoud
Published: July 2023

In vitro and ex vitro Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation (HRT) assays are key components of the plant biotechnology and functional genomics toolkit. In this report, both in vitro and ex vitro HRT were optimized in soybean using the RUBY reporter. Different parameters including A. rhizogenes strain, optical density of the bacterial cell culture (OD600), co-cultivation media, soybean genotype, explant age, and acetosyringone addition and concentration were evaluated. Overall, the in vitro assay was more efficient than the ex vitro assay in terms of the percentage of induction of hairy roots and transformed roots (expressing RUBY). Nonetheless, the ex vitro technique was deemed faster and a less complicated approach. The highest transformation of RUBY was observed on 7-d-old cotyledons of cv. Bert inoculated for 30 minutes with the R1000 resuspended in ¼ B5 medium to OD600 (0.3) and 150 µM of acetosyringone. The parameters of this assay also led to the highest percentage of RUBY through two-step ex vitro hairy root transformation. Finally, using machine learning-based modeling, optimal protocols for both assays were further defined. This study establishes efficient and reliable hairy root transformation protocols applicable for functional studies in soybean.
Influences of mental accounting on consumption decisions: asymmetric effect of a scarcity mindset
Authors: Cheng Lin , Yu Yinqiang , Wang Yizhi , Zheng Lei
Published: July 2023

A scarcity mindset is considered to impact consumer behaviors. Our research aimed to examine the moderating effect of the scarcity mindset on the relationship between mental accounting and hedonic (vs. utilitarian) consumption. We conducted an online experimental design (mental accounting: windfall gains vs. hard-earning gains; consumption: hedonic products vs. utilitarian products) and verified our hypotheses in two distinct samples: a student sample and an adult sample. Our results showed that consumers who received windfall gains tended to use it for hedonic consumption rather than utilitarian consumption. Intriguingly, such an effect was insignificant under a high level of a scarcity mindset but significant under a low level of the scarcity mindset. Moreover, consumers who received hard-earning gains tended to spend the money on utilitarian (vs. hedonic) consumption. However, we did not detect the impact of the scarcity mindset on such effects. Our research suggested an asymmetric effect of the scarcity mindset on hedonic (vs. utilitarian) consumption under two different mental accounts. It highlights the important role of the scarcity mindset in consumer behaviors, which leaves avenues for future research to understand marketing promotion strategies for distinct products.
Virtual interdisciplinary collaboration during the COVID-19 pandemic: pain and joy in an international joint university
Authors: Lu Jinjin
Published: July 2023

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought interdisciplinary academics and research students many uncertainties and challenges in adapting to new communication styles. Compared with other academics in the same field, interdisciplinary academics might face more challenges in transitioning from traditional face-to-face communication to virtual communication.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the pain and joy of using Western and Chinese localized communication channels in experienced interdisciplinary academics (N = 10) and young research students (N = 14) during the pandemic. Among them, 14 are Europeans and 10 are Chinese.

Method

Meeting records and participants' reflective writing were used as qualitative data.

Results

We identified five key themes: two were tied to personal and behavioral issues, two were involved in management issues, and one dealt with topic choice issues.

Conclusion

Considering that virtual interdisciplinary teamwork is likely to continue in the post-pandemic period, it is necessary to implement measures such as technical training and voluntary assistants to help alleviate some of the issues that make virtual meetings difficult for participants. Study limitations and future directions are also discussed.
Chatbot-assisted therapy for patients with methamphetamine use disorder: a preliminary randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chun-Hung Lee , Guan-Hsiung Liaw , Wu-Chuan Yang , Yu-Hsin Liu
Published: July 2023

Background

Methamphetamine (MA) use disorder is associated with a large public health burden. Despite the therapeutic effects of psychosocial interventions based on current evidence, finding an approach to retain patients in treatment remains a real-world challenge. The rapid development of mobile health (mHealth) systems suggests the potential to provide real-time personalized care at any time and from any location, minimize barriers to treatment, maximize use, and promote the dissemination of accessible therapeutic tools in at-risk populations. Our study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of chatbots for the treatment of MA use disorder.

Method

The inclusion criteria were (a) a diagnosis of MA use disorder as defined by the DSM-5, (b) age between 18 and 65 years, (c) no acute exacerbation of severe mental illness during the initial assessment, such as schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder, (d) willingness to participate in standard outpatient treatment for ≥ 6 months, and (e) an Android phone. Participants were randomly allocated to either a chatbot-assisted therapy via smartphone (CAT) group or a control group following simple randomization procedures (computerized random numbers) without blinding. All participants were followed up for 6 months. Treatment retention and monthly urine test results were analyzed as outcome measures. Participants' satisfaction with CAT was also assessed.

Results

In total, 50 and 49 participants were allocated to the CAT and control groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in retention time between the two treatment groups (df = 1, p = 0.099). The CAT group had fewer MA-positive urine samples than the control group (19.5% vs. 29.6%, F = 9.116, p = 0.003). The proportion of MA-positive urine samples was positively correlated with the frequency of MA use (r = 0.323, p = 0.001), severity of MA use disorder (r = 0.364, p < 0.001), and polysubstance use (r = 0.212, p = 0.035), and negatively correlated with readiness to change (r = −0.330, p = 0.001). Totally 55 participants completed the study at the 6-month follow-up and 60% reported relative satisfaction.

Conclusion

Participants in this study had favorable acceptance and generally positive outcomes, which indicates that chatbot is feasible for treating people who use MA.
The heterogeneity of attenuated and brief limited psychotic symptoms: association of contents with age, sex, country, religion, comorbidities, and functioning
Authors: Theisen Christian , Rosen Marlene , Meisenzahl Eva , Koutsouleris Nikolaos , Lichtenstein Theresa , Ruhrmann Stephan , Kambeitz Joseph , Kambeitz-Ilankovic Lana , Riecher-Rössler Anita , Chisholm Katharine , Upthegrove Rachel , Antonucci Linda A. , Bertolino Alessandro , Pigoni Alessandro , Salokangas Raimo K. R. , Pantelis Christos , Wood Stephen J. , Lencer Rebekka , Falkai Peter , Hietala Jarmo , Brambilla Paolo , Schmidt André , Andreou Christina , Borgwardt Stefan , Osman Naweed , Schultze-Lutter Frauke
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The Attenuated Psychosis Symptoms (APS) syndrome mostly represents the ultra-high-risk state of psychosis but, as does the Brief Intermittent Psychotic Symptoms (BIPS) syndrome, shows a large variance in conversion rates. This may be due to the heterogeneity of APS/BIPS that may be related to the effects of culture, sex, age, and other psychiatric morbidities. Thus, we investigated the different thematic contents of APS and their association with sex, age, country, religion, comorbidity, and functioning to gain a better understanding of the psychosis-risk syndrome.

Method

A sample of 232 clinical high-risk subjects according to the ultra-high risk and basic symptom criteria was recruited as part of a European study conducted in Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and Finland. Case vignettes, originally used for supervision of inclusion criteria, were investigated for APS/BIPS contents, which were compared for sex, age, country, religion, functioning, and comorbidities using chi-squared tests and regression analyses.

Result

We extracted 109 different contents, mainly of APS (96.8%): 63 delusional, 29 hallucinatory, and 17 speech-disorganized contents. Only 20 contents (18.3%) were present in at least 5% of the sample, with paranoid and referential ideas being the most frequent. Thirty-one (28.5%) contents, in particular, bizarre ideas and perceptual abnormalities, demonstrated an association with age, country, comorbidity, or functioning, with regression models of country and obsessive-compulsive disorders explaining most of the variance: 55.8 and 38.3%, respectively. Contents did not differ between religious groups.

Conclusion

Psychosis-risk patients report a wide range of different contents of APS/BIPS, underlining the psychopathological heterogeneity of this group but also revealing a potential core set of contents. Compared to earlier reports on North-American samples, our maximum prevalence rates of contents were considerably lower; this likely being related to a stricter rating of APS/BIPS and cultural influences, in particular, higher schizotypy reported in North-America. The various associations of some APS/BIPS contents with country, age, comorbidities, and functioning might moderate their clinical severity and, consequently, the related risk for psychosis and/or persistent functional disability.
Development and validation of a nomogram to predict suicidal behavior in female patients with mood disorder
Authors: Liang Sixiang , Liu Xinyu , Li Dan , Zhang Jinhe , Zhao Guangwei , Yu Hongye , Zhao Xixi , Sha Sha
Published: July 2023

Introduction

This study aims to explore the risk factors associated with suicidal behavior and establish predictive models in female patients with mood disorders, specifically using a nomogram of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 396 female individuals diagnosed with mood disorders (F30-F39) according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10). The study utilized the Chi-Squared Test,t-test, and the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test to assess differences in demographic information and clinical characteristics between the two groups. Logistic LASSO Regression Analyses were utilized to identify the risk factors associated with suicidal behavior. A nomogram was constructed to develop a prediction model. The accuracy of the prediction model was evaluated using a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve.

Result

The LASSO regression analysis showed that psychotic symptoms at first-episode (β= 0.27), social dysfunction (β= 1.82), and somatic disease (β= 1.03) increased the risk of suicidal behavior. Conversely, BMI (β= −0.03), age of onset (β= −0.02), polarity at onset (β= −1.21), and number of hospitalizations (β= −0.18) decreased the risk of suicidal behavior. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of the nomogram predicting SB was 0.778 (95%CI: 0.730–0.827,p< 0.001).

Conclusion

The nomogram based on demographic and clinical characteristics can predict suicidal behavior risk in Chinese female patients with mood disorders.
The relationship between depression, healthy lifestyle behaviors and internet addiction: a cross-sectional study of the athlete university students in Turkey
Authors: Çelik Demet Öztürk , Haney Meryem Öztürk
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Mental health research exists for university students in the areas of prevalence and association of depression, internet addiction and healthy lifestyle behaviors. However, the studies examining prevalence rates and these relationships in athlete university students are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between depression, healthy lifestyle behaviors and internet addiction among athlete university students in Turkey.

Methods

A cross-sectional design was conducted, measuring depression using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, healthy lifestyle behaviors (HPLP-II), and internet addiction (YIAT-SF). Predictive factors associated with depressive symptoms were estimated using binary logistic regression.

Results

Of the 501 participants, 61.3% were male, with a mean age of 21.45 years (SD: 3.19). Student-athletes were at risk of depressive symptoms (76.4%), internet addiction (34.4%) and had moderate healthy lifestyle behaviors (130.41 ± 22.93). No significant differences were found for age, smoking, time spent on social network, number of sports days, number of social networks use for depressive symptoms (p > 0.05), however significant differences were found for depressive symptoms by sex and living with family status (p < 0.05). Pathological internet addiction (OR: 12.74, 95% CI: 2.91–55.77) and low spiritual growth (OR: 0.854, 95% CI: 0.79–0.92) were found to be predictors of depressive symptoms within the athlete university students (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The athlete university students are at increased risk for depressive symptoms and internet addiction and decreased healthy lifestyle behaviors. It is essential to establish programs to improve the mental health of students in universities and to strengthen the psychological counseling services offered to students. These findings can assist universities in establishing effective measures to improve mental health outcomes.
Perceived key change phenomena of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of severe PTSD: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of clinical integration sessions
Authors: Godes Macha , Lucas Jasper , Vermetten Eric
Published: July 2023

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition that significantly impacts daily functioning in patients but lacks adequate treatment options. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) as an adjunct to psychotherapy for the treatment of PTSD has been studied increasingly for the last two decades and has shown promising results through quantitative data. However, few qualitative studies have been conducted to investigate patients’ experiences who participate in these trials. This study intends to complement and clarify the quantitative findings resulting from a Phase-II clinical trial for assessing the safety and efficacy of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD by using a qualitative approach based on available material of 4 recorded and transcripted integrative sessions per participant. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was conducted for 7 participants who met criteria for severe PTSD to develop a deeper understanding of the treatment and its efficacy. Analysis results provided real-life statements from participants that reflect perceived mechanisms of change and showed to what extent their proposed working mechanisms integrate into daily life.
Toward an efficient determination of tissue-free water tritium in food
Authors: Ren Hong , Ma Xiaoxiang , Zhou Lei , Wang Peng , Chen Ting , Zou Xiao , Zou Hua , Yu Shunfei , Cao Yi , Lai Zhongjun , Lou Xiaoming , Cao Yiyao
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Tritium in the environment constitutes a radiological concern because it can become part of the hydrogen pool in environmental and biological reservoirs and thereby expose people to radiation.

Methods

Tissue-free water tritium (TFWT) analysis in food is an important subject of environmental radiation monitoring which plays an important role in the estimation of health risks from environmental tritium exposure. At present, tritium content in food is generally determined by liquid scintillation counter (LSC). To improve the analytical efficiency in tritium determination, we developed a novel method to treat TFWT in food using microporous membranes.

Results

The microporous membrane treatment method developed in this study has the following characteristics: It has a wide range of application and can process TFWT samples with conductivity below 5 μS/cm. Sample loss for the microporous membrane treatment is approximately 5%. The average treatment time is only 5 min, significantly shortened compared with the currently used atmospheric distillation treatment method (1.5 h). The results of the comparison and spike experiment show that the samples prepared by microporous membrane treatment provides equally satisfactory tritium measurement results as classic distillation method.

Discussion

The developed microporous membrane method is simple to operate, efficient, and environmentally friendly, and effectively improves the analysis efficiency of TFWT in food.
Association between opioid prescription profiles and adverse health outcomes in opioid users referred for sleep disorder assessment: a secondary analysis of health administrative data
Authors: Kendzerska Tetyana , Malhotra Atul , Gershon Andrea S. , Povitz Marcus , McIsaac Daniel I. , Aaron Shawn D. , Bryson Gregory L. , Talarico Robert , Godbout Michael , Tanuseputro Peter , Chung Frances
Published: July 2023

Background

Information is needed to guide safe opioid prescribing in adults referred for a sleep disorder assessment. Previous studies have shown that individuals referred for a sleep disorder assessment have a higher likelihood of long-acting opioids and higher opioid dosages prescription than the general population, suggesting that these individuals are more at risk for opioid-related adverse health consequences.

Methods

We included all adults who underwent a diagnostic sleep study (index date) in Ontario, Canada, between 2013 and 2016 (n = 300,663) and filled an opioid prescription overlapping the index date (n = 15,713). Through provincial health administrative databases, individuals were followed over time to assess the association between opioid use characteristics and 1-year all-cause mortality, hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits, and opioid-related hospitalizations and ED visits within extended follow-up to 2018.

Results

Controlling for covariates, chronic opioid use (vs. not) was significantly associated with increased hazards of all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio(aHR): 1.84; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12–3.02], hospitalization (aHR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02–1.28) and ED visit (aHR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01–1.17). A higher opioid dosage [morphine equivalent daily dose (MED) >90 vs. ≤ 90 mg/day] was significantly associated with increased hazards of all-cause or opioid-related hospitalization (aHR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02–1.26 and aHR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.53–3.37, respectively). Morphine or hydromorphone prescription (vs. oxycodone) was significantly associated with an increased hazard of all-cause hospitalization (aHR: 1.30; 1.07–1.59 and aHR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.20–1.70, respectively). Hydromorphone or fentanyl prescription (vs. oxycodone) was significantly associated with an increased hazard of opioid-related ED visit and/or hospitalization (aHR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.16–4.47 and aHR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.16–5.26, respectively).

Conclusion

Findings from this retrospective study may inform the safe prescribing of opioids in adults referred for a sleep disorder assessment.
Putting 3D printing to good use—Additive Manufacturing and the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Muth Jonathan , Klunker Andre , Völlmecke Christina
Published: July 2023

Additive Manufacturing (AM), often referred to as 3D printing, is expected to have a high impact on the manufacturing industry as well as on society. The inherent characteristics of AM make it possible to help solve global challenges, which can be explored in reference to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. This is the first paper that examines the connection of AM and the 17 SDGs through a literature review. In this work, it is outlined which SDGs have a high, moderate or low potential to be fostered by AM. The SDGs are introduced and corresponding studies relevant to the respective SDG are presented. It is found that six out of 17 SDGs have high potential to be promoted by AM. These are SDG 1 (No poverty), SDG 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing), SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 14 (Life below Water). Furthermore, two SDGs have been identified that have moderate potential to be cultivated by AM. These are SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities).
Epidemiology of porcine deltacoronavirus among Chinese pig populations in China: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Junying , Zhang Qin , Zhang Chunhong , Liu Zhicheng , Zhang Jianfeng
Published: July 2023

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly emerging and important porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus that seriously threatens the swine industry in China and worldwide. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to access the prevalence of PDCoV infection in pig population from mainland China. Electronic databases were reviewed for PDCoV infection in pig population, and meta-analysis was performed to calculate the overall estimated prevalence using random-effect models. Thirty-nine studies were included (including data from 31,015 pigs). The overall estimated prevalence of PDCoV infection in pigs in China was 12.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 10.2–14.2%], and that in Central China was 24.5% (95%CI, 16.1–32.9%), which was higher than those in other regions. During 2014–2021, the estimated prevalence of PDCoV infection was the highest in 2015 at 20.5% (95%CI, 10.1–31.0%) and the lowest in 2021 at 4.8% (95%CI, 2.3–7.3%). The prevalence of PDCoV infection in sows was 23.6% (95%CI, 15.8–31.4%), which was higher than those in suckling piglets, nursery piglets, and finishing pigs. The prevalence of PDCoV infection was significantly associated with sampling region, sampling year, pig stage, and clinical signs (diarrhea). This study systematically evaluated the epidemiology of PDCoV infection in Chinese pig population. The findings provide us with a comprehensive understanding of PDCoV infection and are beneficial for establishing new controlling strategies worldwide.
Isolation, identification, and pathogenicity of a NADC30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory disorder syndrome virus strain affecting sow production
Authors: Chang Hao , Zheng Jiaying , Qiu Yingwu , Chen Chuanxin , Li Qunhui , Wu Qianwen , Lin Limiao , Zhao Haishen , Zhou Qingfeng , Gong Lang , Sun Yankuo , Zhang Xiangbin , Wang Heng
Published: July 2023

Since it was first reported in 1987, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused several economic crises worldwide. The current prevalence of PRRSV NADC30-like stains causing clinical disease outbreaks in Chain is highly concerning. Immunization against and the prevention of this infection are burdensome for farming organizations as the pathogen frequently mutates and undergoes recombination. Herein, the genetic characterization of a NADC30-like strain (termed BL2019) isolated from a farm in Guangdong Province, China, was analyzed and its pathogenicity for piglets and sows was assessed. Results revealed that BL2019 exhibits a nucleotide homology of 93.7% with NADC30 PRRSV and its NSP2 coding region demonstrates the same 131aa deletion pattern as that of NADC30 and NADC30-like. Furthermore, we identified two recombination breakpoints located nt5804 of the NSP5-coding region and nt6478 of NSP2-coding region, the gene fragment between the two breakpoints showed higher homology to the TJ strain(a representative strain of highly pathogenic PRRSV) compared to the NADC30 strain. In addition, BL2019 infection in piglets caused fever lasting for 1 week, moderate respiratory clinical signs and obvious visual and microscopic lung lesions; infection in gestating sows affected their feed intake and increased body temperature, abortion rates, number of weak fetuses, and other undesirable phenomena. Therefore, we report a NADC30-like PRRSV strain with partial recombination and a representative strain of HP-PRRSV, strain TJ, that can provide early warning and support for PRRS immune prevention and control.
A Tool for Control Research Using Evolutionary Algorithm That Generates Controllers with a Pre-Specified Morphology
Authors: Hernandez Francisco-David , Cortes Domingo , Ramirez-Salinas Marco Antonio , Villa-Vargas Luis Alfonso
Published: July 2023

In control research and design it is frequently necessary to explore, evaluate, tune and compare many control strategies. These activities are assisted by software tools of increasing complexity; however, even with the existing high performance tools these activities are very time consuming due to they imply hundred if not thousand of simulations. If the process of doing such simulations is not automated it can be a very time consuming task. There has been proposed evolutionary algorithms (EA) that in the search for an optimal control automatically generate many control structures. However, the space of possible controllers for any dynamical system is huge. Hence it is mandatory to restrict the search space. The best way to restrict the controller search space is to let the designer influence the search direction. In this paper we propose a software tool for control research that has as its main part an EA that produce only controllers having a pre-specified morphology. By specifying a controller morphology the designer can influence the search direction without losing the exploration capability of evolutionary algorithms. The EA is endowed with a cost function tailored for fast evaluation of closed-loop controller performance. The use of the tool is illustrated by searching an sliding mode and similar controllers for an unstable linear and two nonlinear systems.
Preparation of Polyclonal Antibody against ZmBT1 Protein and Its Application in Hormone-Regulated Starch Synthesis
Authors: Liu Lun , Qing Yun , Shoaib Noman , Di Runze , Liu Hanmei , Li Yangping , Hu Yufeng , Huang Yubi , Yu Guowu
Published: July 2023

In order to investigate the crucial role of ZmBT1 in starch accumulation during maize grain development and analyze the expression and distribution of ZmBT1 in various maize tissues, we prepared a polyclonal antibody. Specifically, we successfully expressed the recombinant plasmid pGEX-6p-ZmBT1-C (382-437aa) and purified Gst-ZmBT1-C as the antigen for antibody preparation. Our results confirmed that the ZmBT1 protein in maize tissues can be specifically recognized by the ZmBT1 antibody. Through Western blotting, we observed that the expression protein of ZmBT1 varied by tissues, with the highest content in the grain and endosperm. Furthermore, we employed a combination of Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR to show that the expression level of ZmBT1 can be influenced by plant hormones. This finding suggests that ZmBT1 plays a critical role in the accumulation of starch and opens up new avenues for functional studies of this protein.
Soil Organic Carbon Prediction Based on Different Combinations of Hyperspectral Feature Selection and Regression Algorithms
Authors: Chang Naijie , Jing Xiaowen , Zeng Wenlong , Zhang Yungui , Li Zhihong , Chen Di , Jiang Daibing , Zhong Xiaoli , Dong Guiquan , Liu Qingli
Published: July 2023

Cropland soil organic carbon (SOC) is crucial for global food security and mitigating the greenhouse effect. Accurate SOC prediction using hyperspectral data is essential for dynamic monitoring of soil carbon pools in croplands. However, effective methods to reduce hyperspectral data dimensionality and integrate it with suitable regression algorithms for reliable prediction models are poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed 108 soil samples from Changting County, Fujian Province, China. Our objective was to evaluate the performance of various combinations of six feature selection methods and four regression algorithms for SOC prediction. Our findings are as follows: the combination of the Successive Projections Algorithm (SPA) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) yielded the most favorable results, with R2 (0.61), RMSE (1.77 g/kg), and MAE (1.48 g/kg). Moreover, we determined the relative importance of variables, with the following ranking: 696 nm > 892 nm > 783 nm > 1641 nm > 1436 nm > 396 nm > 392 nm > 2239 nm > 2129 nm. Notably, 696 nm exhibited the highest importance in the SPA-PLS model, with the Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) value of 1.22. This study provides profound insights into feature selection methods and regression algorithms for SOC prediction, highlighting the superiority of SPA-PLS as the optimal combination.
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Behavioural Tendencies of Cats and Dogs in Japan
Authors: Takagi Saho , Koyasu Hikari , Hattori Madoka , Nagasawa Takumi , Maejima Michiro , Nagasawa Miho , Kikusui Takefumi , Saito Atsuko
Published: July 2023

Physical and mental effects stemming from COVID-19 have impacted not only people’s lives but also the lives of their pets, which in recent years are often seen as members of the family. This study aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan on pets and their owners. Participants reported changes in physical activity and mental health, as well as working conditions and frequency of interaction with pets, before and after behavioural restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We also asked about their pets’ behaviours using the Feline Behavioural Assessment and Research Questionnaire (Fe-BARQ) and the Canine Behavioural Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ). This study showed that most cat and dog owners spent more time at home due to the COVID-19 behavioural restrictions and that the frequency of contact interaction with their pets increased. However, this study showed higher stress-related behaviours (e.g., cats: excessive grooming; dogs: aggression towards owners) among pets whose owners increased contact interaction. Furthermore, owners’ low mental health was correlated with high stress-related behaviours (e.g., touch sensitivity) in pets. The results of this study indicate that the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan may have affected not only the lives of owners but also the interaction between owners and their pets, and consequently their pets’ behaviours. Therefore, there is also concern that changes in lifestyle patterns caused by pandemics could form a negative feedback loop between the health status of both owners and their pets.
Interference with DGAT Gene Inhibited TAG Accumulation and Lipid Droplet Synthesis in Bovine Preadipocytes
Authors: Guo Panpan , Yao Xuerui , Jin Xin , Xv Yongnan , Zhang Junfang , Li Qiang , Yan Changguo , Li Xiangzi , Kim Namhyung
Published: July 2023

Triacylglycerol (TGA) is the primary component of intramuscular fat. Expression of diacylglyceryl transferase (DGAT) determines the polyester differentiation ability of precursor adipocytes. The two DGAT isoforms (DGAT1 and DGAT2) play different roles in TAG metabolism. This study investigates the roles of DGAT1 and DGAT2 in signaling pathways related to differentiation and lipid metabolism in Yanbian bovine preadipocytes. sh-DGAT1 (sh-1), sh-DGAT2 (sh-2), and sh-DGAT1 + sh-DGAT2 (sh-1 + 2) were prepared using short interfering RNA (siRNA) interference technique targeting DGAT1 and DGAT2 genes and infected bovine preadipocytes. Molecular and transcriptomic techniques, including differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, were used to investigate the effects on the differentiation of Yanbian bovine preadipocytes. After interference with DGAT1 and DGAT2 genes, the contents of TAG and adiponectin were decreased. The TAG content in the sh-2 and sh-1 + 2 groups was significantly lower than that in the sh-NC group. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) results showed 2070, 2242, and 2446 DEGs in the sh-1, sh-2, and sh-1 + 2 groups, respectively. The DEGs of the sh-2 group were mainly concentrated in the PPAR, AMPK, and Wnt signaling pathways associated with adipocyte proliferation and differentiation. These results demonstrated that at the mRNA level, DGAT2 plays a more important role in lipid metabolism than DGAT1.
Infrared Thermography Assessment of Aerobic Stability of a Total Mixed Ration: An Innovative Approach to Evaluating Dairy Cow Feed
Authors: Türkgeldi Burak , Koç Fisun , Lackner Maximilian , Okuyucu Berrin , Okur Ersen , Palangi Valiollah , Esen Selim
Published: July 2023

A major objective of this study is to identify factors influencing the quality of high-moisture total mixed rations (TMRs) for livestock feed and explore possible manipulations that can enhance their fermentation characteristics and stability in order to address the problem of poor aerobic stability. Therefore, the current study utilized infrared thermography (IRT) to assess the aerobic stability of water-added TMRs in the feed bunker. By manipulating the moisture content of freshly prepared TMRs at four different levels through water addition and subjecting it to storage at two consistent temperatures, significant correlations between IRT values (center temperature (CT) and maximum temperature difference (MTD)) and key parameters such as lactic acid bacteria, water-soluble carbohydrates, and TMR pH were established. The first and second principal components together accounted for 44.3% of the variation, with the first component’s load influenced by IRT parameters, fermentation characteristics, and air exposure times, while the second component’s load was influenced by dry matter content and lactic acid concentration. The results of these studies indicate the possibility that feeding methods can be optimized by identifying portions with higher CT or MTD data using IRT measurements just before feeding dairy cows in the field. As a result, increasing the use of IRT in feed management and preservation processes is projected to have a positive impact on animal productivity in the future.
The Integrated Effect of Environmental Conditions and Human Presence on the Behaviour of a Pair of Zoo-Housed Asian Small-Clawed Otters
Authors: Bandoli Francesca , Mace Jenny , Knight Andrew
Published: July 2023

Zoos and aquaria have the ethical responsibility to provide animals under their care with conditions that promote good welfare. This study evaluated the combined influence of human presence and environmental factors on the behaviour of zoo-housed Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinereus). Data collection was conducted on a pair hosted at Pistoia Zoo (Italy). Data were collected from July to September 2020 (over 14 days). We video-recorded the otters’ behaviours, using the continuous focal animal sampling, obtaining 42 h of observation per subject. The otters displayed a wide array of species-specific behaviours. Compared to previous captive studies, the subjects engaged less in locomotion, food-related and affiliative behaviours, and more in vigilance. Human–animal interactions were limited, and mostly elicited neutral or positive responses, except for begging behaviours performed towards caregivers. Time of day and animal identity were the main significant predictors for behaviours. No effects of visitor presence or background noise were detected. Nonetheless, increasing enrichment use could stimulate food-related behaviours, and reduce vigilance and begging. This study confirms the importance of applying an integrated approach to analyse the complexity of otters’ experiences, and provides insights to guide husbandry improvements.