bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovering PDEs Corrections from Data Within a Hybrid Modeling Framework
Authors: Ghnatios Chady , Chinesta Francisco
Published: December 2024

In the context of hybrid twins, a data-driven enrichment is added to the physics-based solution to represent with higher accuracy the reference solution assumed to be known at different points in the physical domain. Such an approach enables better predictions. However, the data-driven enrichment is usually represented by a regression, whose main drawbacks are (i) the difficulty of understanding the subjacent physics and (ii) the risks induced by the data-driven model extrapolation. This paper proposes a procedure enabling the extraction of a differential operator associated with the enrichment provided by the data-driven regression. For that purpose, a sparse Singular Value Decomposition, SVD, is introduced. It is then employed, first, in a full operator representation regularized optimization problem, where sparsity is promoted, leading to a linear programming problem, and then in a tensor decomposition of the operator’s identification procedure. The results show the ability of the method to identify the exact missing operators from the model. The regularized optimization problem was also able to identify the weights of the missing terms with a relative error of about 10% on average, depending on the selected use case.
Extremal Results on ℓ-Connected Graphs or Pancyclic Graphs Based on Wiener-Type Indices
Authors: Zeng Jing , Liu Hechao , You Lihua
Published: December 2024

A graph of order n is called pancyclic if it contains a cycle of length y for every 3≤y≤n. The connectivity of an incomplete graph G, denoted by κ(G), is min{|W||WisavertexcutofG}. A graph G is said to be ℓ-connected if the connectivity κ(G)≥ℓ. The Wiener-type indices of a connected graph G are Wg(G)=∑{s,t}⊆V(G)g(dG(s,t)), where g(x) is a function and dG(s,t) is the distance in G between s and t. In this note, we first determine the minimum and maximum values of Wg(G) for ℓ-connected graphs. Then, we use the Wiener-type indices of graph G, the Wiener-type indices of complement graph G¯ with minimum degree δ(G)≥2 or δ(G)≥3 to give some sufficient conditions for connected graphs to be pancyclic. Our results generalize some existing results of several papers.
Improving the Metal Inert Gas Welding Efficiency and Microstructural Stability in the Butt and Lap Joints of Aluminum Automotive Components Using Sc- and Zr-Enhanced Filler Wires
Authors: Ko Hansol , Kim Hye-Jin , Kim Dong-Yoon , Yu Jiyoung
Published: December 2024

The grain growth in the fusion zone (FZ) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) of metal inert gas (MIG) welding processes negatively affect the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy MIG welds used in automotive components. Although the addition of Sc- and Zr-based filler wires can refine weld microstructures and enhance the mechanical properties, conditions resembling actual automotive component joints have not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, 5083-O aluminum alloy base material was welded into butt and lap joints using conventional 5000-series aluminum alloy filler wires (Al-5.0Mg) and wires containing Sc and Zr (Al-4.8Mg-0.7Sc-0.3Zr) under various heat input conditions. The mechanical properties of the welds were evaluated via tensile tests, and the microstructures in the FZ and HAZ were analyzed. In butt joints, Al-4.8Mg-0.7Sc-0.3Zr exhibited a finer and more uniform grain structure with increased tensile strength compared with those welded using Al-5.0Mg. The microstructure became coarser with the increased heat input, and the tensile strength tended to decrease. In lap joints, the tensile-shear strength of Al-4.8Mg-0.7Sc-0.3Zr was higher than that of Al-5.0Mg; it further increased with the increase in the amount of deposited metal. The coarsening of the microstructure with the increased heat input was disadvantageous for the tensile-shear strength, and the increased weld size offset the adverse effects of the coarse microstructure. These results indicate that the heat input and the amount of deposited metal must be optimized to ensure stiffness in various joints of automotive components.
Microstructural and Electrochemical Analysis of the Physically Simulated Heat-Affected Zone of Super-Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S32750
Authors: dos Santos Francisco Magalhães , da Silva Leonardo Oliveira Passos , dos Santos Ygor Tadeu Bispo , Callegari Bruna , Lima Tiago Nunes , Coelho Rodrigo Santiago
Published: December 2024

Super-duplex stainless steels (SDSSs) were introduced in the oil and gas industry due to their high resistance to pitting corrosion, promoted by the high content of alloying elements. The welding process can cause an unbalanced ferrite/austenite microstructure and, consequently, the possibility of deleterious phases, increasing the risk of failure. The aim of this work is to investigate the behavior of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of SDSS UNS S32750 steel produced with different thermal inputs simulated in a Gleeble® welding simulator and correlate these findings with its corrosion properties. The pitting resistance was investigated by electrochemical techniques in sodium chloride solution, and the critical pitting temperature (CPT) was calculated for each evaluated microstructure. The material as received presents 46.19 vol% ferrite and a high corrosion resistance, with a CPT of 71.54 °C. HAZ-simulated cycles resulted in similar ferrite percentages, between 54.09 vol% and 57.25 vol%. A relationship was found between heat input, ferrite content, and CPT: increasing the heat input results in greater ferrite content and lowers the CPT, which may favor the pitting corrosion process. Therefore, it is concluded that the ferrite content directly influences the pitting behavior of the material.
Analysis of Acoustic Surface Wave Focused Unidirectional Interdigital Transducers Using Coupling-of-Mode Theory
Authors: Hui Guopeng , Ao Tinglun , Liu Haotian , Li Minglei , Chen Chen
Published: December 2024

In cell or droplet separation, high acoustic wave energy of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device is required to generate sufficient acoustic radiation force. In this paper, the electrode width-control floating electrode focused unidirectional interdigital transducer (EWC-FEFUDT) is proposed due to its enhanced focusing properties. The performance of the EWC-FEFUDT is investigated using the Coupling-of-Mode (COM) theory, and the COM parameter is extracted using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The four different forbidden band edge frequencies account for the unidirectionality of the proposed EWC-FEFUDT. A direction angle of ϕκ−ϕζ=44.5° of the EWC-FEFUDT (Design 3) is obtained, being fairly close to the optimum value of 45°. The EWC-FEFUDT (Design 3) has a lower insertion loss (IL) of −5.1 dB and greater unidirectionality (20 × log10(D) = 13.8 dB). The SAW maximum amplitude of the EWC-FEFUDT (Design 3) is increased by about 1.5×10−4 µm compared to that of the focused interdigital transducers (FIDTs). The maximum acoustic pressure of the EWC-FEFUDT is an order of magnitude higher than that of FIDTs. The EWC-FEFUDT exhibits enhanced focusing properties. The proposed EWC-FEFUDT may provide an alternative method for cell or droplet separation in an efficient manner.
In Vitro Efficacy of the Monoterpene Linalool Isolated or Combined with the Nematophagous Fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in the Control of Sheep Gastrointestinal Nematodes
Authors: Aguiar Antônia Aniellen Raianne Moisés , Lima Ana Maria Santos , Feitosa Thais Ferreira , Ribeiro Wesley Lyeverton Correia , Soares Filippe Elias Freitas , Braga Fabio Ribeiro , Vilela Vinícius Longo Ribeiro
Published: December 2024

New alternatives for controlling resistant populations of gastrointestinal nematodes are being studied, including the use of plant compounds and biological control with nematophagous fungi. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic effect of linalool and its association with the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans (isolated AC001) in controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. The ovicidal activity of linalool was assessed via the Egg Hatch Test (EHT), and the larvicidal activity of linalool, alone and in combination with D. flagrans conidia, was evaluated via the Larval Motility Inhibition Test (LMIT) on infective larvae (L3). In the EHT, 100% inhibition occurred (at 1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL), with an LC50 of 0.49 mg/mL. In the LMIT, linalool alone inhibited 100% of larval motility (at 4% and 8%), with an LC50 of 0.42% or 4.2 mg/mL. In the combination of linalool with D. flagrans, there was a significant reduction in larvae, starting at 24 h, with 100% reduction after 14 days, thus being more effective in reducing L3 compared to the use of the fungus alone. It is concluded that linalool exhibits ovicidal and larvicidal activity, and its association with D. flagrans enhances the fungal predation capacity and potentiates anthelmintic efficacy.
Targeting Transcriptional Regulators Affecting Acarbose Biosynthesis in Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 Using CRISPRi Silencing
Authors: Dymek Saskia , Jacob Lucas , Pühler Alfred , Kalinowski Jörn
Published: December 2024

Acarbose, a pseudo-tetrasaccharide produced by Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110, is an α-glucosidase inhibitor and is used as a medication to treat type 2 diabetes. While the biosynthesis of acarbose has been elucidated, little is known about its regulation. Gene silencing using CRISPRi allows for the identification of potential regulators influencing acarbose formation. For this purpose, two types of CRISPRi vectors were established for application in Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110. The pCRISPomyces2i vector allows for reversible silencing, while the integrative pSETT4i vector provides a rapid screening approach for many targets due to its shorter conjugation time into Actinoplanes sp. These vectors were validated by silencing the known acarbose biosynthesis genes acbB and acbV, as well as their regulator, CadC. The reduction in product formation and the diminished relative transcript abundance of the respective genes served as evidence of successful silencing. The vectors were used to create a CRISPRi-based strain library, silencing 50 transcriptional regulators, to investigate their potential influence in acarbose biosynthesis. These transcriptional regulatory genes were selected from previous experiments involving protein–DNA interaction studies or due to their expression profiles. Eleven genes affecting the yield of acarbose were identified. The CRISPRi-mediated knockdown of seven of these genes significantly reduced acarbose biosynthesis, whereas the knockdown of four genes enhanced acarbose production.
White Mold: A Global Threat to Crops and Key Strategies for Its Sustainable Management
Authors: Hossain Md. Motaher , Sultana Farjana , Rubayet Md. Tanbir , Khan Sabia , Mostafa Mahabuba , Mishu Nusrat Jahan , Sabbir Md. Abdullah Al , Akter Nabela , Kabir Ahmad , Mostofa Mohammad Golam
Published: December 2024

White mold, caused by the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is a significant biotic stress impacting horticultural and field crops worldwide. This disease causes plants to wilt and ultimately die, resulting in considerable yield losses. This monocyclic disease progresses through a single infection cycle involving basal infections from myceliogenically germinated sclerotia or aerial infections initiated by ascospores from carpogenically germinated sclerotia. The pathogen has a homothallic mating system with a weak population structure. Relatively cool temperatures and extended wetness are typical conditions for spreading the disease. Each stage of infection triggers a cascade of molecular and physiological events that underpin defense responses against S. sclerotiorum. Molecular markers can help rapid diagnosis of this disease in plants. Effective management strategies encompass altering the crop microclimate, applying fungicides, reducing inoculum sources, and developing resistant plant varieties. Integrated approaches combining those strategies often yield the best results. This review discusses the latest insights into the biology, epidemiology, infection mechanisms, and early detection of white mold. This review also aims to provide comprehensive guidelines for sustainable management of this destructive disease while reducing the use of excessive pesticides in crop fields.
The Bile Acid Metabolism of Intestinal Microorganisms Mediates the Effect of Different Protein Sources on Muscle Protein Deposition in Procambarus clarkii
Authors: Xu Xiaodi , Zheng Xiaochuan , Zhou Qunlan , Sun Cunxin , Wang Aimin , Zhu Aimin , Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Bo
Published: December 2024

The most economically important trait of the Procambarus clarkii is meat quality. Protein deposition is essential in muscle growth and nutritional quality formation. The effects and potential mechanisms of feed protein sources on crustaceans’ muscle protein deposition have not been elucidated. This study established an all-animal protein source (AP) and an all-plant protein source group (PP), with a feeding period of 8 weeks (four replicates per group, 45 individuals per replicate). The results demonstrated that muscle protein deposition, muscle fiber diameter, and hardness were significantly higher in the PP group (p < 0.05). The transcript levels of genes involved in protein synthesis were notably upregulated, while those of protein hydrolysis and negative regulators of myogenesis notably downregulated in PP group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, protein sources shaped differential intestinal microbiota composition and microbial metabolites profiles, as evidenced by a significant decrease in g_Bacteroides (p = 0.030), and a significant increase in taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) in PP group (p = 0.027). A significant correlation was further established by Pearson correlation analysis between the g_Bacteroides, TCDCA, and genes involved in the MSTN-mediated protein deposition pathway (p < 0.05). In vitro anaerobic fermentation confirmed the ability of the two groups of intestinal flora to metabolically produce differential TCDCA (p = 0.038). Our results demonstrated that the ‘Bacteroides-TCDCA-MSTN’ axis may mediate the effects of different protein sources on muscle development and protein deposition in P. clarkii, which was anticipated to represent a novel target for the muscle quality modulation in crustaceans.
New Insights on Gordonia alkanivorans Strain 1B Surface-Active Biomolecules: Gordofactin Properties
Authors: Tavares João , Paixão Susana M. , Silva Tiago P. , Alves Luís
Published: December 2024

Biosurfactants/bioemulsifiers (BSs/BEs) can be defined as surface-active biomolecules produced by microorganisms with a broad range of applications. In recent years, due to their unique properties like biodegradability, specificity, low toxicity, and relative ease of preparation, these biomolecules have attracted wide interest as an eco-friendly alternative for several industrial sectors, escalating global microbial BS/BE market growth. Recently, Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B, a bacterium with significant biotechnological potential, well known for its biodesulfurizing properties, carotenoid production, and broad catabolic range, was described as a BS/BE producer. This study focuses on the characterization of the properties of the lipoglycopeptide BSs/BEs produced by strain 1B, henceforth referred to as gordofactin, to better understand its potential and future applications. Strain 1B was cultivated in a chemostat using fructose as a carbon source to stimulate gordofactin production, and different purification methods were tested. The most purified sample, designated as extracted gordofactin, after lyophilization, presented a specific emulsifying activity of 9.5 U/mg and a critical micelle concentration of 13.5 mg/L. FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of basic hydroxyl, carboxyl, ether, amine/amide functional groups, and alkyl aliphatic chains, which is consistent with its lipoglycopeptide nature (60% lipids, 19.6% carbohydrates, and 9% proteins). Gordofactin displayed remarkable stability and retained emulsifying activity across a broad range of temperatures (30 °C to 80 °C) and pH (pH 3–12). Moreover, a significant tolerance of gordofactin emulsifying activity (EA) to a wide range of NaCl concentrations (1 to 100 g/L) was demonstrated. Although with a great loss of EA in the presence of NaCl concentrations above 2.5%, gordofactin could still tolerate up to 100 g/L NaCl, maintaining about 16% of its initial EA for up to 7 days. Furthermore, gordofactin exhibited growth inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and it demonstrated concentration-dependent free radical scavenging activity for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (IC50 ≈ 1471 mg/L). These promising features emphasize the robustness and potential of gordofactin as an eco-friendly BS/BE alternative to conventional surfactants/emulsifiers for different industrial applications.
Resveratrol, Piceatannol, Curcumin, and Quercetin as Therapeutic Targets in Gastric Cancer—Mechanisms and Clinical Implications for Natural Products
Authors: Warias Paulina , Plewa Paulina , Poniewierska-Baran Agata
Published: December 2024

Gastric cancer remains a significant global health challenge, driving the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Natural polyphenolic compounds such as resveratrol, piceatannol, curcumin, and quercetin currently show promising results in the prevention and treatment of various cancers, due to their diverse biological activities. This review presents the effects of natural compounds on important processes related to cancer, such as apoptosis, proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and autophagy. Resveratrol, naturally found in red grapes, has been shown to induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Piceatannol, a metabolite of resveratrol, shares similar anticancer properties, particularly in modulating autophagy. Curcumin, derived from turmeric, is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and its ability to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. Quercetin, a flavonoid found in various fruits and vegetables, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis while enhancing the efficacy of conventional therapies. Despite their potential, challenges such as low bioavailability limit their clinical application, necessitating further research into novel delivery systems. Collectively, these compounds represent a promising avenue for enhancing gastric cancer treatment and improving patient outcomes through their multifaceted biological effects.
Electrochemical α-C(sp3)–H/N–H Cross-Coupling of Isochromans and Azoles
Authors: Li Guoping , Yan Bing , Wu Liangliang , Li Yabo , Hao Xinqi , Gong Ming , Wu Yangjie
Published: December 2024

Isochroman and azole moieties are both present in a wide variety of biologically active molecules. Their efficient combination under mild reaction conditions is beneficial for obtaining small-molecule drug candidates. In this paper, we describe electrochemical α-C(sp3)–H/N–H cross-coupling reactions between isochromans and azoles, yielding products in moderate to excellent yields. This protocol does not require any catalysts or exogenous oxidants and can be performed at room temperature under air. Control experiments and cyclic voltammetry showed that the reaction may proceed through both radical coupling and nucleophilic addition processes.
NMR Studies on the Structure of Yeast Sis1 and the Dynamics of Its Interaction with Ssa1-EEVD
Authors: Matos Carolina O. , Pinheiro Glaucia M. S. , Caruso Icaro P. , Amorim Gisele C. , Almeida Fabio C. L. , Ramos Carlos H. I.
Published: December 2024

HSP70 chaperones play pivotal roles in facilitating protein folding, refolding, and disaggregation through their binding and releasing activities. This intricate process is further supported by J-domain proteins (JDPs), also known as DNAJs or HSP40s, which can be categorized into classes A and B. In yeast, these classes are represented by Ydj1 and Sis1, respectively. While both classes stimulate the ATPase activity of Ssa1 (yeast HSP70) through the J-domain, only class B JDPs possess the unique ability to efficiently stimulate Ssa1 in disaggregation processes. The C-terminal EEVD motif of HSP70 plays a crucial role in mediating these interactions by connecting with both client proteins and JDPs. However, the removal of the EEVD motif disrupts the capacity of HSP70 to associate with class B JDPs, and the intricacies of the interaction between these two proteins remain incompletely understood. We employed NMR spectroscopy to investigate the structure and dynamics of the class B J domain protein (JDP) of S. cerevisiae (Sis1) complexed with an EEVD peptide of Ssa1. Our study is based on the extraordinary 70.5% residue assignment of the full-length (352 residues long) Sis1. Our findings revealed that EEVD binds to two distinct sites within the C-terminal domain I (CTDI) of Sis1, to the J domain and to the GF-rich loop located between the J domain and α-helix 6 (a structure identified by this work). We propose that the interaction between EEVD and Sis1 facilitates the dissociation of α-helix 6, promoting a conformational state that is more favorable for interaction with Ssa1. We also employed α-synuclein as a substrate to investigate the competitive nature between EEVD and the client protein. Our experimental findings provide evidence supporting the interaction of EEVD with the client protein at multiple sites and essential insights into the mechanistic cycle of class B JDPs.
Design, Structure–Activity Relationships, and Computational Modeling Studies of a Series of α-Helix Biased, Ultra-Short Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
Authors: Sawyer Jonathon R. , Audie Joseph A. , Swanson Jon , Diller David , Santiago Solimar , Gribkoff Valentin K. , Ackerman Allison , Hruby Victor J. , Gobbo Gianpaolo , Bellucci Michael A. , Glauser William A. , Pentelute Brad L. , Sawyer Tomi K.
Published: December 2024

A systematic structure–activity and computational modeling analysis of a series of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists based upon an ultra-short GLP-1 peptide, H-His-Aib-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Bip-Bip-NH2, was conducted. This highly potent 11-mer peptide led to a deeper understanding of the α-helical bias of strategic α-methylation within the linear parent template as well as optimization of GLP-1R agonist potency by 1000-fold. These data were correlated with previously reported co-structures of both full-length GLP-1 analogs and progenitor N-terminal GLP-1 fragment analogs related to such ultra-short GLP-1R agonist peptides. Furthermore, the development of a quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model to analyze these findings is described in this study.
New Strategy for Microbial Corrosion Protection: Photocatalytic Antimicrobial Quantum Dots
Authors: Liu Shijia , Wu Dapeng , Zheng Jie , Han Baochen , Qi Jian , Meng Fanchun , Li Jianhui , Liu Dan
Published: December 2024

Microbial corrosion has significant implications for the economy, environment, and human safety worldwide. Photocatalytic antibacterial technology, owing to its advantages in environmental protection, broad-spectrum, and efficient sterilization, presents a compelling alternative to traditional antibacterial strategies for microbial corrosion protection. In recent years, photocatalytic quantum dot materials have garnered considerable attention in this field due to their unique quantum effects. This article provides a brief overview of the quantum effects associated with quantum dot materials, reviews the classification and preparation methods of these photocatalytic quantum dots, and elucidates their inhibitory effects and mechanisms against microbial corrosion. Finally, this article summarizes unresolved issues and prospects for the future development of quantum dots in the realm of microbial corrosion protection.
Comparison of Early Enteral Nutrition Versus Early Parenteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Baik Seung Min , Kim Mina , Lee Jae Gil
Published: December 2024

Background: Nutritional support is crucial in critically ill patients to enhance recovery, reduce infections, and improve outcomes. This meta-analysis compared early enteral nutrition (EEN) and early parenteral nutrition (EPN) to evaluate their efficacy in adult critically ill patients. Methods: A systematic review of 14 studies involving 7618 patients was conducted, including randomized controlled trials, prospective cohorts, and retrospective analyses. The primary outcomes were mortality and infectious complications, while secondary outcomes included intensive care unit length of stay (ICU-LOS), hospital length of stay (H-LOS), mechanical ventilation days, and gastrointestinal (GI) complications. Results: The results showed no significant difference in mortality between EEN and EPN (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.93–1.14). EEN reduced bloodstream infections (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57–0.93), ICU-LOS (MD −0.18 days, 95% CI −0.33 to −0.04), and H-LOS (MD −1.15 days, 95% CI −1.38 to −0.93). However, EEN was associated with higher GI complications, such as vomiting and diarrhea (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.97–2.58), while mechanical ventilation days showed no significant difference. Conclusions: These findings support prioritizing EEN in critically ill patients with functional gastrointestinal systems to improve infection control and recovery while emphasizing the importance of careful monitoring to mitigate gastrointestinal complications.
Effectiveness of the SYNCHRONIZE + Brief Intervention in Improving Mediterranean Diet Adherence, Nutritional Quality and Intake Pattern in Persons with Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Carrasco-Querol Noèlia , Cabricano-Canga Lorena , Bueno Hernández Nerea , Martín-Borràs Carme , Gonçalves Alessandra Queiroga , Vila-Martí Anna , Ribot Blanca , Solà Judit , Valls-Llobet Carme , Caballol Angelats Rosa , Montesó-Curto Pilar , Castro Blanco Elisabet , Pozo Ariza Macarena , Carreres Rey Sandra , Pla Pagà Laura , Dearos Sanchís Mònica , Fernández-Sáez José , Dalmau Llorca M. Rosa , Aguilar Martín Carina
Published: December 2024

Background: Multidisciplinary lifestyle interventions are being researched to treat fibromyalgia. However, the impact of nutrition as a key treatment component is little studied. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the SYNCHRONIZE + lifestyle multidisciplinary intervention in improving adherence to the Mediterranean diet, nutrition quality and dietary intake pattern in persons with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Methods: A pragmatic randomized clinical trial was conducted in primary care. Data were collected using the 17-item energy-restricted Mediterranean Adherence Screener (er-MEDAS), the food frequency questionnaire (sFFQ) and the 24 h recall questionnaire (24 HR), in addition to chrono-nutritional, anthropometric, and body composition data, at baseline and 3-, 6-, and 12- month follow-up visits, and statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 158 participants were evaluated. Results showed the effectiveness of the intervention in improving adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The adherence depended on the group-time interaction being positive and significant at 3 and 6 months post-intervention in the INT group and on the participant age and educational level. Specifically, the intake of legumes, fruits, vegetables, nuts and blue fish was increased, while the intake of sweets and pastries, butter and cream and red and processed meat was reduced. Furthermore, the intake of chips and candies was also reduced, and the consumption of fermented food (yogurts, cheese, kefir) increased. Thus, general diet quality improved. Interestingly, the intake of key nutrients such as protein and iron increased. Furthermore, the number of night eaters was decreased significantly. Muscle mass index was also improved in the intervention group. These results were maintained in the medium to long term. Conclusion: SYNCHRONIZE + is a brief, low-cost, multidisciplinary intervention effective in improving adherence to the Mediterranean diet and improving nutritional and dietary intake patterns in persons with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Further evaluation of the effect on quality of life and symptoms is needed.
Feasibility of Mental Health Triage Call Priority Prediction Using Machine Learning
Authors: Rana Rajib , Higgins Niall , Haque Kazi Nazmul , Burke Kylie , Turner Kathryn , Stedman Terry
Published: December 2024

Background: Optimum efficiency and responsiveness to callers of mental health helplines can only be achieved if call priority is accurately identified. Currently, call operators making a triage assessment rely heavily on their clinical judgment and experience. Due to the significant morbidity and mortality associated with mental illness, there is an urgent need to identify callers to helplines who have a high level of distress and need to be seen by a clinician who can offer interventions for treatment. This study delves into the potential of using machine learning (ML) to estimate call priority from the properties of the callers’ voices rather than evaluating the spoken words. Method: Phone callers’ speech is first isolated using existing APIs, then features or representations are extracted from the raw speech. These are then fed into a series of deep learning neural networks to classify priority level from the audio representation. Results: Development of a deep learning neural network architecture that instantly determines positive and negative levels in the input speech segments. A total of 459 call records from a mental health helpline were investigated. The final ML model achieved a balanced accuracy of 92% correct identification of both positive and negative instances of call priority. Conclusions: The priority level provides an estimate of voice quality in terms of positive or negative demeanor that can be simultaneously displayed using a web interface on a computer or smartphone.
Measuring Debilitating and Facilitating Anxiety Within Nursing Simulation
Authors: Reed Janet M. , Dodson Tracy , Phillips Lynette , Petrinec Amy
Published: December 2024

Background: Anxiety in simulations can be influenced by various factors that either motivate or immobilize students. Understanding simulation anxiety is crucial for educators to design appropriately challenging scenarios without overwhelming students. No instruments have yet been tested to differentiate between debilitating and facilitating anxiety within nursing simulations. Methods: A quantitative repeated measures design was used to examine students’ baseline and pre-simulation anxiety with 90 pre-licensure junior level nursing students. The Achievement Anxiety Test (AAT) was administered to differentiate levels of debilitating and facilitating anxiety. Results: The revised AAT demonstrated preliminary validity and reliability for measuring debilitating and facilitating anxiety when used in nursing simulation. Linear regression showed only debilitating anxiety significantly predicted pre-simulation state anxiety. Baseline anxiety has a significant impact on students, increasing debilitating anxiety in simulated settings. Conclusions: To ensure success in practice settings, it is important to address students baseline anxiety to support a successful transition into practice. This study was prospectively determined to be exempt with the University’s Institutional Review Board on 6 December 2022 and was not prospectively registered in a formal registry.
‘Changing the Focus’: Co-Design of a Novel Approach for Engaging People with Dementia in Physical Activity
Authors: Meyer Claudia , Lee Den-Ching A. , Callisaya Michele , Taylor Morag E. , Lawler Katherine , Levinger Pazit , Hunter Susan , Mackey Dawn C. , Burton Elissa , Brusco Natasha , Haines Terry , Ekegren Christina L. , Crabtree Amelia , Hill Keith D.
Published: December 2024

Background: Promoting physical activity among people living with dementia is critical to maximise physical, cognitive and social benefits; yet the lack of knowledge, skills and confidence among health professionals, informal care partners and people with dementia deters participation. As the initial phase of a larger feasibility study, co-design was employed to develop a new model of community care, ‘Changing the Focus’, to facilitate the physical activity participation of older people living with mild dementia. Methods: Co-design methodology was utilised with nine stakeholders (with experience in referring to or providing physical activity programs and/or contributing to policy and program planning) over three workshops plus individual interviews with four care partners of people with dementia. Insights were gathered on the physical activity for people with mild dementia, referral pathways were explored and ‘personas’ were developed and refined. Materials and resources to support exercise providers and referrers to work effectively with people with mild dementia were finalised. Results: Three ‘personas’ emerged from the co-design sessions, aligned with stages of behaviour change: (1) hesitant to engage; (2) preparing to engage; and (3) actively engaged. Referral pathway discussions identified challenges related to limited resources, limited knowledge, access constraints and individual factors. Opportunities were classified as using champions, streamlining processes, recognising triggers for disengagement, influencing beliefs and attitudes, and means of communication. Conclusion: This study captured the views of physical activity referrers and providers and informal care partners in an inclusive and iterative manner. The use of co-design ensured a robust approach to facilitating participation in formal and informal physical activity options for people living with mild dementia. This study has provided the necessary framework from which to develop and test training and resources for the next stage of intervention (a feasibility trial) to improve physical activity participation for people with dementia.
Dietary Inulin Supplementation Modulates Fecal Microbiota and Vaccine Response in Cats—A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Jeusette Isabelle C. , Apper Emmanuelle , Meli Marina L. , Hofmann-Lehmann Regina , Salas-Mani Anna , Fernández-Pinteño Anna , Francino Olga , Torre Celina
Published: December 2024

Twenty-six cats were fed either a control or an inulin-supplemented diet (0.6%) for six weeks with measurements of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbiota. In the second phase, cats were fed their respective diets for another six weeks and were then primo-vaccinated against the feline leukemia virus (FeLV) at days 0 and 21. Serum anti-FeLV IgG responses were monitored. Compared to the control group, the inulin group exhibited higher Firmicutes (+14%) and lower Bacteroidetes (−56%) and Prevotellaceae (−51%) after six weeks of supplementation. Compared to T0, SCFAs initially decreased at week 3 but subsequently increased at week 6 with inulin supplementation, leading to higher butyrate compared to the control group at week 6. A significant diet-by-time interaction was also observed for propionate and total SCFAs. Compared to the control group, the inulin group tended to show a higher serum anti-FeLV IgG response after the first vaccination (p = 0.09), with significant differences at days 5 and 11 post-vaccination. These preliminary results suggest that a six-week dietary supplementation with a low dose of inulin in cats can modify the fecal microbiota and its functional metabolites, potentially influencing the early immune response to vaccination.
Optimization and Modeling of Optical Emission Spatial Coverage from Underwater Multi-Faceted Optical Base Stations
Authors: Shi Junjie , Ma Chunbo , Tian Xu , Guo Hanjun , Ao Jun
Published: December 2024

Compared with point-to-point wireless optical communication systems, multi-faceted Optical Base Stations (OBSs) offer the advantages of supporting multi-user access and achieving omnidirectional dynamic communication. The emission structure of the multi-faceted OBSs, which offer wide beam coverage and ensure uniform distribution of optical signals, is essential for users to receive signals while in motion. This paper presents a modeling method for three-dimensional beam coverage based on the multi-faceted OBS architecture. Additionally, a Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is used to optimize the configuration of the multi-faceted LED array by adjusting the deflection angles of the LED arrays and the emission half-angle of the LEDs at the OBS. These advancements aim to enhance beam coverage performance while also providing technical support for achieving omnidirectional communication in underwater optical wireless networks (UOWN).
Research on Pt-Based Film Negative Photoconductivity Photothermal Detector Under Different Wavelength Laser Irradiation
Authors: Sun Wenbao , Du Langlang , Yuan Qinlang , Sun Yueyu , Fu Zhendong , Zhang Haiting , Song Xiaoxian , Dong Shanshan , Yao Jianquan
Published: December 2024

Platinum (Pt) is a rare and precious metal element with numerous unique properties. These properties have led to the widespread use of Pt in electronic components, thermocouples, and high-temperature devices. In this study, we present the bolometric effect of single-metal Pt-based negative photoconductivity (NPC) devices under the laser irradiation of 375 nm, 532 nm, and 808 nm. Under the condition of applying 0.5 V voltage, the responsivity (R) of the Pt photothermal detector (Pt-PTD) under 375 nm laser irradiation was 69.14 mA/W, and the specific detectivity (D*) was 5.38 × 107 Jones; the R of the Pt-PTD under 532 nm laser irradiation was 59.46 mA/W, and the D* was 4.61 × 107 Jones; the R of the Pt-PTD under 808 nm laser irradiation was 37.88 mA/W, and the D* was 2.95 × 107 Jones. Additionally, a single-site scanning imaging system based on a Pt-PTD was designed to test the capability of the device. This study provides a strategy for the development of thermal measurement detectors based on Pt materials.
Comparative Physiological and Transcriptomics Profiling Provides Integrated Insight into Melatonin Mediated Salt and Copper Stress Tolerance in Selenicereus undatus L.
Authors: Khan Darya , Yang Xin , He Gong , Khan Raja Asad Ali , Usman Babar , Hui Liu , Khokhar Aamir Ali , Zaman Qamar U , Wang Hua-Feng
Published: December 2024

Selenicereus undatus L., (pitaya) is an important tropical fruit crop, and faces significant challenges from soil salinity and heavy metal toxicity. This study explores the role of melatonin (M) in enhancing stress tolerance in pitaya against salinity (S) and copper (Cu) toxicity, both individually and in combination (SCu). SCu stress reduced plant biomass by ~54%, while melatonin application mitigated stress effects and increased plant growth by ~73.26% under SCuM compared to SCu treatment. Antioxidant activities were also modulated by stress. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 21 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) common across stress treatments and 13 DEGs specific to combined melatonin with stress treatments involved in stress signaling, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and photosynthesis. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified four gene modules (brown, dark green, dark grey, and grey) significantly associated with phenotypic traits. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis highlighted 14 hub genes per module, including GH3, JAZ, PAL, CCR, and POD, implicated in MAPK signaling, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and hormone signaling pathways. Integration of DESeq2 and WGCNA identified 12 key stress-responsive genes strongly correlated with phenotypic traits. This study provides insights into regulatory mechanisms underlying stress responses and highlights candidate genes for developing stress-resilient S. undatus through breeding programs.
Discovery of Isograndidentatin D, a Novel Phenolic Glycoside, and Anti-Helicobacter pylori Phenolics from Salix koreensis Twigs
Authors: Jang Yoon Seo , Kang Dong-Min , Ko Yoon-Joo , Ra Moon-Jin , Jung Sang-Mi , Ahn Mi-Jeong , Lee Seulah , Kim Ki Hyun
Published: December 2024

Salix koreensis Anderss (Salicaceae), commonly referred to as Korean willow, is native to East Asia, particularly Korea and China, and it has been used in traditional Korean folk medicine for its potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties. In our ongoing research efforts to discover biologically new natural products, phytochemical analysis on an ethanolic extract of S. koreensis twigs yielded the isolation and identification of ten phenolic compounds (1–10), including a newly discovered phenolic glycoside (1) named isograndidentatin D, isolated via HPLC purification. The structure of compound 1 was determined through extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectral data analysis and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESIMS). Its absolute configuration was established using DP4+ probability analysis combined with gauge-including atomic orbital NMR chemical shift calculations and chemical reaction methods. The other known compounds were identified as isograndidentatin B (2), trichocarposide (3), glanduloidin C (4), tremuloidin (5), 3-O-acetylsalicin (6), 2-O-acetylsalicin (7), salicin (8), salireposide (9), and coumaric acid (10), confirmed by comparing their NMR spectra with previously reported data and further verified through liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis. The isolated compounds 1–10 were tested for their anti-Helicobacter pylori activities. Among these, compounds 4 and 5 demonstrated moderate anti-H. pylori activity at a concentration of 100 μM. Specifically, compound 5 showed an inhibitory activity of 35.9 ± 5.4%, making it slightly more potent than compound 4, with 34.0 ± 1.0% inhibition. These results were comparable to that of quercetin, a known anti-H. pylori agent used as a positive control in this study, which showed 38.4 ± 2.3% inhibition. The remaining compounds exhibited very weak inhibitory effects. This study highlights the potential of S. koreensis twigs as a valuable natural source of bioactive compounds for therapeutic applications against H. pylori.
Leaf Phosphorus Fractions Are Coordinated with Leaf Functional Traits in Four Juvenile Tree Species from the Chinese Subtropics
Authors: Wang Lei , Guan Jinhong , Li Zongpei , Chen Zhijie , Yu Zaipeng , Xia Zhichao
Published: December 2024

Phosphorus (P) is essential for cellular processes, and P fractions within leaf tissues reflect distinct biochemical functions. However, the relationship among foliar P allocation, leaf functional traits, and soil properties in subtropical China remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated four tree species to examine the relationships among foliar P fractions (orthophosphate P, metabolic P, nucleic acid P, lipid P, and residual P), key leaf functional traits (LMA, Amass, and leaf [N], and P concentrations), and soil properties. A negative correlation between the relative allocation of metabolic P (rPM) and nucleic acid P (rPN) suggested a trade-off between metabolic activity and growth. LMA was positively correlated with rPM and residual P (rPR) but negatively associated with rPN and lipid P (rPL). Similarly, leaf [N] correlated positively with rPN and negatively with rPR. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that foliar P allocation was primarily driven by leaf functional traits independent of soil properties. These findings underscore the critical role of leaf functional traits in shaping P allocation patterns and highlight the adaptive strategies of tree species to cope with P-deficient environments in subtropical ecosystems.
Receptor-like Kinase GOM1 Regulates Glume-Opening in Rice
Authors: Zhao Xinhui , Wei Mengyi , Tang Qianying , Tang Lei , Fu Jun , Wang Kai , Zhou Yanbiao , Yang Yuanzhu
Published: December 2024

Glume-opening of thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines after anthesis is a serious problem that significantly reduces the yield and quality of hybrid seeds. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating the opening and closing of rice glumes remain largely unclear. In this study, we report the isolation and functional characterization of a glum-opening mutant after anthesis, named gom1. gom1 exhibits dysfunctional lodicules that lead to open glumes following anthesis. Map-based cloning and subsequent complementation tests confirmed that GOM1 encodes a receptor-like kinase (RLK). GOM1 was expressed in nearly all floral tissues, with the highest expression in the lodicule. Loss-of-function of GOM1 resulted in a decrease in the expression of genes related to JA biosynthesis, JA signaling, and sugar transport. Compared with LK638S, the JA content in the gom1 mutant was significantly reduced, while the soluble sugar, sucrose, glucose, and fructose contents were significantly increased in lodicules after anthesis. Together, we speculated that GOM1 regulates carbohydrate transport in lodicules during anthesis through JA and JA signaling, maintaining a higher osmolality in lodicules after anthesis, which leads to glum-opening.
Genetic Diversity of the Collection of Far Eastern Actinidia spp. Revealed by RAD Sequencing Technology
Authors: Slobodova Natalia , Gladysheva-Azgari Maria , Sharko Fedor , Petrova Kristina , Boulygina Eugenia , Tsygankova Svetlana , Mitrofanova Irina
Published: December 2024

More than ten species of the Actinidia Lindl. genus bear edible fruits rich in biologically active compounds, which are essential and beneficial for human health. The most popular cultivars today are the large-fruited Actinidia species, A. deliciosa and A. chinensis, commonly known as kiwi. However, small-fruited kiwi cultivars are gaining prominence due to their high nutritional value, superior cold resistance, and suitability for temperate climates. In Russia, these are represented by Far Eastern species: A. arguta, A. kolomikta, and A. polygama. Despite increasing consumer interest, Russian Actinidia cultivars remain little studied, with fragmented genetic data available for breeding purposes. Our objective was to analyze the Actinidia collection at the Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology, and Nursery and the N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden (MBG RAS, Moscow), which includes samples from four species, A. kolomikta, A. arguta, A. polygama, A. purpurea, interspecific hybrids, and derived varieties, using RAD sequencing. We assessed the genetic variability of all species, identified population groups within A. kolomikta and A. arguta based on origin, determined ploidy levels across the collection, and identified a set of SNP markers associated with valuable agronomic traits.