bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Complex Network of Cytokines and Chemokines in Pediatric Patients with Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Wołoszyn-Durkiewicz Anna , Iwaszkiewicz-Grześ Dorota , Świętoń Dominik , Kujawa Mariusz J. , Jankowska Anna , Durawa Agata , Glasner Paulina , Trzonkowski Piotr , Glasner Leopold , Szurowska Edyta , Myśliwiec Małgorzata
Published: January 2024

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a progressive disorder leading to the development of microangiopathies and macroangiopathies. Numerous cytokines and chemokines are involved in the pathogenesis of T1D complications. The study aimed to assess the presence of complications in patients with long-standing T1D and its relationship with serum biomarker concentrations. We examined 52 T1D subjects, with a disease duration ≥4 years and 39 healthy controls. The group of T1D patients was further divided into subgroups based on the duration of the disease (<7 years and ≥7 years) and the metabolic control assessed by the HbAlc level (<8% and ≥8%). We used Luminex Technology to assess a wide range of biomarker concentrations. A 24 h urine test was done to evaluate the rate of albuminuria. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was conducted to detect early retinopathic changes. Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by measuring the carotid intima–media thickness (IMT). T1D patients showed remarkably higher concentrations of EGF, eotaxin/CCL11, MDC/CCL22, sCD40L, TGF-α, and TNF-α. Moreover, we reported statistically significant correlations between cytokines and IMT. Biomarker concentrations depend on numerous factors such as disease duration, metabolic control, and the presence of complications. Although the majority of pediatric T1D patients do not present signs of overt complications, it is indispensable to conduct the screening for angiopathies already in childhood, as its early recognition may attenuate the further progression of complications.
Establishing Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance as an Independent Pre-Disease State of Multiple Myeloma Using Raman Spectroscopy, Dynamical Network Biomarker Theory, and Energy Landscape Analysis
Authors: Yonezawa Shota , Haruki Takayuki , Koizumi Keiichi , Taketani Akinori , Oshima Yusuke , Oku Makito , Wada Akinori , Sato Tsutomu , Masuda Naoki , Tahara Jun , Fujisawa Noritaka , Koshiyama Shota , Kadowaki Makoto , Kitajima Isao , Saito Shigeru
Published: January 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of plasma cells. Normal (NL) cells are considered to pass through a precancerous state, such as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), before transitioning to MM. In the present study, we acquired Raman spectra at three stages—834 NL, 711 MGUS, and 970 MM spectra—and applied the dynamical network biomarker (DNB) theory to these spectra. The DNB analysis identified MGUS as the unstable pre-disease state of MM and extracted Raman shifts at 1149 and 1527–1530 cm−1 as DNB variables. The distribution of DNB scores for each patient showed a significant difference between the mean values for MGUS and MM patients. Furthermore, an energy landscape (EL) analysis showed that the NL and MM stages were likely to become stable states. Raman spectroscopy, the DNB theory, and, complementarily, the EL analysis will be applicable to the identification of the pre-disease state in clinical samples.
Prognostic Impact of Heat Shock Protein 90 Expression in Women Diagnosed with Cervical Cancer
Authors: Vogelsang Tilman L. R. , Schmoeckel Elisa , Topalov Nicole Elisabeth , Ganster Franziska , Mahner Sven , Jeschke Udo , Vattai Aurelia
Published: January 2024

Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90), a major molecular chaperone, plays a crucial role in cell function by folding and stabilizing proteins and maintaining proteostasis. This study aimed to elucidate the prognostic impact of HSP90 in cervical cancer. We analyzed HSP90 expression using immunohistochemistry in cervical cancer tissue microarrays from 250 patients. This study investigated correlations between HSP90 expression levels and key clinical outcomes, including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and FIGO classification. The statistical analyses employed included the Kruskal–Wallis-H test, log-rank (Mantel–Cox), and Cox regression. Our findings indicate that high nuclear HSP90 expression is associated with improved OS, while high cytoplasmic HSP90 expression correlates with better PFS and a lower FIGO classification in cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients. These results suggest that HSP90 could serve as a positive prognostic factor in patients diagnosed with cervical squamous cell carcinoma, underlining its potential as a biomarker for patient prognosis and as a target for therapeutic strategies.
Identification of Yellow Seed Color Genes Using Bulked Segregant RNA Sequencing in Brassica juncea L.
Authors: Wang Yang , Lu Hong , Liu Xiang , Liu Lu , Zhang Wenying , Huang Zhen , Li Keqi , Xu Aixia
Published: January 2024

Yellow seed breeding is an effective method to improve oil yield and quality in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). However, naturally occurring yellow-seeded genotypes have not been identified in B. napus. Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) has some natural, yellow-seeded germplasms, yet the molecular mechanism underlying this trait remains unclear. In this study, a BC9 population derived from the cross of yellow seed mustard “Wuqi” and brown seed mustard “Wugong” was used to analyze the candidate genes controlling the yellow seed color of B. juncea. Subsequently, yellow-seeded (BY) and brown-seeded (BB) bulks were constructed in the BC9 population and subjected to bulked segregant RNA sequencing (BSR-Seq). A total of 511 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the brown and yellow seed bulks. Enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were involved in the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic process and flavonoid biosynthetic process, including key genes such as 4CL, C4H, LDOX/TT18, PAL1, PAL2, PAL4, TT10, TT12, TT4, TT8, BAN, DFR/TT3, F3H/TT6, TT19, and CHI/TT5. In addition, 111,540 credible single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 86,319 INDELs were obtained and used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) identification. Subsequently, two significant QTLs on chromosome A09, namely, qSCA09-3 and qSCA09-7, were identified by G’ analysis, and five DEGs (BjuA09PAL2, BjuA09TT5, BjuA09TT6, BjuA09TT4, BjuA09TT3) involved in the flavonoid pathway were identified as hub genes based on the protein-to-protein network. Among these five genes, only BjuA09PAL2 and BjuA09F3H had SNPs between BY and BB bulks. Interestingly, the majority of SNPs in BjuA09PAL2 were consistent with the SNPs identified between the high-quality assembled B. juncea reference genome “T84-66” (brown-seed) and “AU213” (yellow-seed). Therefore, BjuA09PAL2, which encodes phenylalanine lyase, was considered as the candidate gene associated with yellow seed color of B. juncea. The identification of a novel gene associated with the yellow seed coloration of B. juncea through this study may play a significant role in enhancing yellow seed breeding in rapeseed.
Uncovering the Limitations and Insights of Packet Status Prediction Models in IEEE 802.15.4-Based Wireless Networks and Insights from Data Science
Authors: Ávalos-Arce Mariana , Pérez-Díaz Heráclito , Del-Valle-Soto Carolina , Briseño Ramon A.
Published: January 2024

Wireless networks play a pivotal role in various domains, including industrial automation, autonomous vehicles, robotics, and mobile sensor networks. This research investigates the critical issue of packet loss in modern wireless networks and aims to identify the conditions within a network’s environment that lead to such losses. We propose a packet status prediction model for data packets that travel through a wireless network based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and are exposed to five different types of interference in a controlled experimentation environment. The proposed model focuses on the packetization process and its impact on network robustness. This study explores the challenges posed by packet loss, particularly in the context of interference, and puts forth the hypothesis that specific environmental conditions are linked to packet loss occurrences. The contribution of this work lies in advancing our understanding of the conditions leading to packet loss in wireless networks. Data are retrieved with a single CC2531 USB Dongle Packet Sniffer, whose pieces of information on packets become the features of each packet from which the classifier model will gather the training data with the aim of predicting whether a packet will unsuccessfully arrive at its destination. We found that interference causes more packet loss than that caused by various devices using a WiFi communication protocol simultaneously. In addition, we found that the most important predictors are network strength and packet size; low network strength tends to lead to more packet loss, especially for larger packets. This study contributes to the ongoing efforts to predict and mitigate packet loss, emphasizing the need for adaptive models in dynamic wireless environments.
Geometries, Electronic Structures, Bonding Properties, and Stability Strategy of Endohedral Metallofullerenes TM@C28 (TM = Sc−, Y−, La−, Ti, Zr, Hf, V+, Nb+, Ta+)
Authors: Liu Dong , Shui Yuan , Yang Tao
Published: January 2024

We performed quantum chemical calculations on the geometries, electronic structures, bonding properties, and stability strategy of endohedral metallofullerenes TM@C28 (TM = Sc−, Y−, La−, Ti, Zr, Hf, V+, Nb+, Ta+). Our calculations revealed that there are three different lowest-energy structures with C2v, C3v, and Td symmetries for TM@C28. The HOMO–LUMO gap of all these structures ranges from 1.35 eV to 2.31 eV, in which [V@C28]+ has the lowest HOMO–LUMO gap of 1.35 eV. The molecular orbitals are mainly composed of fullerene cage orbitals and slightly encapsulated metal orbitals. The bonding analysis on the metal–cage interactions reveals they are dominated by the Coulomb term ΔEelstat and the orbital interaction term ΔEorb, in which the orbital interaction term ΔEorb contributes more than the Coulomb term ΔEelstat. The addition of one or two CF3 groups to [V@C28]+ could increase the HOMO–LUMO gap and further increase the stability of [V@C28]+.
Cell-Specific mRNA Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Diseases and Regeneration
Authors: Kishore Raj , Magadum Ajit
Published: January 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a significant global health burden, demanding innovative therapeutic approaches. In recent years, mRNA therapeutics have emerged as a promising strategy to combat CVDs effectively. Unlike conventional small-molecule drugs, mRNA therapeutics enable the direct modulation of cellular functions by delivering specific mRNA molecules to target cells. This approach offers unprecedented advantages, including the ability to harness endogenous cellular machinery for protein synthesis, thus allowing precise control over gene expression without insertion into the genome. This review summarizes the current status of the potential of cell-specific mRNA therapeutics in the context of cardiovascular diseases. First, it outlines the challenges associated with traditional CVD treatments and emphasizes the need for targeted therapies. Subsequently, it elucidates the underlying principles of mRNA therapeutics and the development of advanced delivery systems to ensure cell-specificity and enhanced efficacy. Notably, innovative delivery methods such as lipid nanoparticles and exosomes have shown promise in improving the targeted delivery of mRNA to cardiac cells, activated fibroblasts, and other relevant cell types. Furthermore, the review highlights the diverse applications of cell-specific mRNA therapeutics in addressing various aspects of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and arrhythmias. By modulating key regulatory genes involved in cardiomyocyte proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, tissue repair, and cell survival, mRNA therapeutics hold the potential to intervene at multiple stages of CVD pathogenesis. Despite its immense potential, this abstract acknowledges the challenges in translating cell-specific mRNA therapeutics from preclinical studies to clinical applications like off-target effects and delivery. In conclusion, cell-specific mRNA therapeutics have emerged as a revolutionary gene therapy approach for CVD, offering targeted interventions with the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes.
Radiographic Impact on the Clinical Decision Making of Achilles Tenotomy in Clubfoot: In Search of an Objective Cut-Off Value
Authors: Yalçın Mehmet Burak , Dogan Ahmet , Uzumcugil Onat , Zorer Gazi
Published: January 2024

Background: We tried to determine whether the indication of Achilles tenotomy (AT) in clubfoot patients based on clinical evaluation could be confirmed radiographically, and to find an objective radiographic cut-off value for its indication. Methods: Eighty-six clubfeet from 60 patients, (26 bilateral and 34 unilateral) were included. A standard Ponseti treatment regimen was applied. Group 1 comprised patients who underwent AT immediately after serial plaster casting (26 feet). Group 2 comprised patients who underwent AT during the follow-up period (48 feet). Group 3 comprised patients who were assumed to have a corrected foot and did not undergo AT (12 feet). Group 4 comprised the healthy sides of the unilateral cases (34 feet). Results: Both Group 1 and Group 2 showed significant improvement after tenotomy (p = 0.002). In order to differentiate between the normal and AT groups according to the pre-tenotomy angle, we obtained an optimal cut-off value of >85° according to the Youden index, a sensitivity of 96%, a specificity of 91.2%, a positive predictive value of 95.9%, a negative predictive value of 91.2%, and an accuracy rate of 94.4% (AUC: 0.983; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Feet with a lateral tibio-calcaneal angle > 85° can be considered pathologic and accepted as candidates for AT.
Assessing the Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Gastric Cancer Mortality Risk
Authors: Shigenobu Yuya , Miyamori Daisuke , Ikeda Kotaro , Yoshida Shuhei , Kikuchi Yuka , Kanno Keishi , Kashima Saori , Ito Masanori
Published: January 2024

Background: The global impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on public health has been significant. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for screening and diagnosis decreased along with new gastric cancer (GC) diagnoses. Methods: This study assesses how the pandemic affected GC mortality using data from Hiroshima Prefecture, comparing mortality rates between patients diagnosed during the pandemic (2020 and 2021) and pre-pandemic (2018 and 2019) periods. The crude hazard ratios (HRs) and HRs adjusted for age, sex, clinical stage, treatment status, and travel distance to the nearest GC screening facility were estimated using Cox regression models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Results: A total of 9571 patients were diagnosed, with 4877 eligible for follow-up. The median age was 74 years, and 69% were male. The median follow-up period was 157 days, with events per 1000 person-years at 278 and 374 in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, respectively (crude HR, 1.37; adjusted HR, 1.17). The sensitivity and subgroup analyses yielded consistent results. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic increased mortality risk in patients with GC. Further studies are required to observe long-term outcomes and identify the disparities contributing to the increased mortality risk.
Anticoagulation Management in V-V ECMO Patients: A Multidisciplinary Pragmatic Protocol
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Bento , Rodrigues Anabela , Correia Catarina Jacinto , Jesus Gustavo Nobre , Ribeiro João Miguel
Published: January 2024

(1) Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a complex procedure affecting both the risk of thrombosis and bleeding. High-quality data to personalize anticoagulation management in ECMO are lacking, resulting in a high variability in practice among centers. For this reason, we review coagulation methods and monitoring and share a pragmatic proposal of coagulation management, as performed in our high-volume ECMO Referral Centre; (2) Methods: We revised the anticoagulation options and monitoring methods available for coagulation management in ECMO through PubMed search based on words including “anticoagulation,” “coagulation assays,” “ECMO,” “ELSO,” and “ISTH”; (3) Results: Actual revision of the literature was described as our routine practice regarding ECMO anticoagulation and monitoring; (4) Conclusions: No coagulation test is exclusively predictive of bleeding or thrombotic risk in patients undergoing ECMO support. An approach that allows for a tailored regimen of anticoagulation (regardless of agent used) and monitoring is mandatory. To accomplish this, we propose that the titration of anticoagulation therapies should include multiple laboratory tests, including anti-Xa, aPTT, ACT, viscoelastic tests, AT levels, platelet count, fibrinogen, and FXIII levels. Anticoagulation regimens should be tailored to a specific patient and personalized based on this complex array of essays.
Physical Activity in Work and Leisure Time during Pregnancy, and Its Influence on Maternal Health and Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: González-Cazorla Ernesto , Brenes-Romero Ana Pilar , Sánchez-Gómez María José , Estévez-Ruiz Elena , Díaz-Enjuto Antonio , Cantón-Cisneros Ana , Lubián-López Daniel , Mozas-Moreno Juan , González-Mesa Ernesto S
Published: January 2024

Background: Physical inactivity during pregnancy has been shown to be linked to an increased risk of complications. However, during pregnancy, doubts arise about what type, intensity and frequency of physical activity are most recommended. Objective: Our main objective was to know the level of physical activity (PA) and sedentary lifestyle in a representative sample of pregnant women in Málaga, one of the most populated cities in Spain. Also, we aimed to find out the effects of PA on obstetric and perinatal outcomes and on the mental health of pregnant women, differentiated according to PA intensity and domain. Methods: Five hundred and forty full-term pregnant women who had their obstetric checks in the maternity ward of the Regional University Hospital of Málaga were recruited through consecutive sampling. Participants answered a questionnaire that included the WHO Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and some other sociodemographic and health-related questions. Subsequently, information about perinatal outcomes was obtained after birth. Results: Only 50.8% of women followed the WHO recommendations on activity. We found a high proportion of obese pregnant women and a direct effect of a sedentary lifestyle on the rate of cesarean sections and vulvovaginal tears in spontaneous births, as well as on the mental health of future mothers. Women’s age, the number of children, BMI at the beginning of pregnancy and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) explained anxiety scores, and age, LTPA, BMI at the end of pregnancy and intense work-related physical activity (WTPA) predicted depression scores. Conclusions: LTPA improves obstetric outcomes, helping to reduce the rate of cesarean sections and vulvovaginal tears, as well as reducing prenatal anxiety and depression.
Risk Factors for Orbital Invasion in Malignant Eyelid Tumors, Is Orbital Exenteration Still Necessary?
Authors: Gąsiorowski Krzysztof , Gontarz Michał , Marecik Tomasz , Szczurowski Paweł , Bargiel Jakub , Zapała Jan , Wyszyńska-Pawelec Grażyna
Published: January 2024

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant skin tumor of the eyelids in Caucasians, followed by squamous cell carcinoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma. The primary treatment for these tumors is radical excision. In cases where malignant eyelid tumors are advanced and have invaded the orbit, orbital exenteration is necessary. In this retrospective study, we aimed to determine the correlation between the risk of orbital infiltration and various factors like tumor location, size, histological type, and patient age. This study revealed that tumors in multiple regions increased the risk of orbital infiltration by 3.75 times. Tumors with a diameter of 21–30 mm raised the likelihood of requiring exenteration by 15.5 times compared to smaller tumors (up to 10 mm). Age was also associated with the likelihood of orbital invasion in periocular tumors. Interestingly, no correlation was found between the histological type of the tumor and the risk of orbital infiltration. Notably, the conjunctiva of the eyeball was the most commonly infiltrated orbital structure, followed by the orbital fat. Timely treatment and well-planned procedures are crucial for patients with malignant periocular skin tumors to avoid multiple reoperations and the potential need for orbital exenteration.
Recent Advances and Future Directions in Syncope Management: A Comprehensive Narrative Review
Authors: Martone Anna Maria , Parrini Iris , Ciciarello Francesca , Galluzzo Vincenzo , Cacciatore Stefano , Massaro Claudia , Giordano Rossella , Giani Tommaso , Landi Giovanni , Gulizia Michele Massimo , Colivicchi Furio , Gabrielli Domenico , Oliva Fabrizio , Zuccalà Giuseppe
Published: January 2024

Syncope is a highly prevalent clinical condition characterized by a rapid, complete, and brief loss of consciousness, followed by full recovery caused by cerebral hypoperfusion. This symptom carries significance, as its potential underlying causes may involve the heart, blood pressure, or brain, leading to a spectrum of consequences, from sudden death to compromised quality of life. Various factors contribute to syncope, and adhering to a precise diagnostic pathway can enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment effectiveness. A standardized initial assessment, risk stratification, and appropriate test identification facilitate determining the underlying cause in the majority of cases. New technologies, including artificial intelligence and smart devices, may have the potential to reshape syncope management into a proactive, personalized, and data-centric model, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life. This review addresses key aspects of syncope management, including pathogenesis, current diagnostic testing options, treatments, and considerations in the geriatric population.
Articulating Video Stylet Compared to Other Techniques for Endotracheal Intubation in Normal Airways: A Simulation Study in Consultants with No Prior Experience
Authors: Messina Simone , Merola Federica , Santonocito Cristina , Sanfilippo Marco , Sanfilippo Giulia , Lombardo Federica , Bruni Andrea , Garofalo Eugenio , Murabito Paolo , Sanfilippo Filippo
Published: January 2024

Simulation for airway management allows for acquaintance with new devices and techniques. Endotracheal intubation (ETI), most commonly performed with direct laryngoscopy (DL) or video laryngoscopy (VLS), can be achieved also with combined laryngo-bronchoscopy intubation (CLBI). Finally, an articulating video stylet (ProVu) has been recently introduced. A single-center observational cross-sectional study was performed in a normal simulated airway scenario comparing DL, VLS-Glidescope, VLS-McGrath, CLBI and ProVu regarding the success rate (SR) and corrected time-to-intubation (cTTI, which accounts for the SR). Up to three attempts/device were allowed (maximum of 60 s each). Forty-two consultants with no experience with ProVu participated (15 ± 9 years after training completion). The DL was significantly faster (cTTI) than all other devices (p = 0.033 vs. VLSs, and p < 0.001 for CLBI and Provu), no differences were seen between the two VLSs (p = 0.775), and the VLSs were faster than CLBI and ProVu. Provu had a faster cTTI than CLBI (p = 0.004). The DL and VLSs showed similar SRs, and all the laryngoscopes had a higher SR than CLBI and ProVu at the first attempt. However, by the third attempt, the SR was not different between the DL/VLSs and ProVu (p = 0.241/p = 0.616); ProVu was superior to CLBI (p = 0.038). In consultants with no prior experience, ProVu shows encouraging results compared to DL/VLSs under simulated normal airway circumstances and further studies are warranted.
Cranio-Facial Characteristics in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review
Authors: Quatrosi Giuseppe , Genovese Dario , Galliano Giuseppe , Zoppé Hugo , Amodio Emanuele , Bonnet-Brilhault Fréderique , Tripi Gabriele
Published: January 2024

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) consist of a complex group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by qualitative impairments of social interactions, communication abilities, and a limited, stereotyped, and repetitive selection of interests and activities. In light of the imperative to identify a possible biomarker for ASD, it has been determined that craniofacial anomalies serve as significant risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders. The aim of this scoping review is to deepen the knowledge of the scientific literature related to cranio-facial characteristics in individuals with ASD, with a particular focus on recent research advancements. The review was performed by employing the search strings ((“Autism Spectrum Disorder” OR autism OR ASD OR “Autism Spectrum”) AND (“facial morphology” OR “facial phenotype”)) on the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and ERIC as of March 9, 2023. The review comprised seven studies whose findings were obtained through quantitative analysis of Euclidean distances between anatomical landmarks. The examination of facial abnormalities represents a possible reliable diagnostic biomarker that could aid in the timely identification of ASD. Phenotypic characteristics that may serve as predictive indicators of the severity of autistic symptoms can be observed in certain individuals with ASD by applying anthropometric and instrumental measurements. The presence of a phenotype characterised by an increased intercanthal distance and a reduced facial midline height appears to be associated with a higher degree of severity in autistic symptoms. In addition, it is worth noting that facial asymmetry and facial masculinity can be considered reliable indicators for predicting a more severe manifestation of symptoms.
Advanced Materials for Clinical Endodontic Applications: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Drukteinis Saulius , Rajasekharan Sivaprakash , Widbiller Matthias
Published: January 2024

Endodontics has significantly evolved in recent years, with advancements in instruments, biomaterials and nanomaterials science playing a pivotal role [...]
Numerical Study of the Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Welding of Thin Austenitic Steel Plates with an Equivalent Heat Source Approach
Authors: Aberbache Hichem , Mathieu Alexandre , Haglon Nathan , Bolot Rodolphe , Bleurvacq Laurent , Corolleur Axel , Laurent Fabrice
Published: January 2024

The CMT (cold metal transfer) arc welding process is a valuable joining method for assembling thin sheets, minimizing heat transfers, and reducing subsequent deformations. The study aims to simulate the CMT welding of thin stainless-steel sheets to predict temperature fields and deformations. Both instrumented tests and numerical simulations were conducted for butt-welding of sheets with a thickness of 1 to 1.2 mm. Weld seam samples were observed to identify equivalent heat sources for each configuration. The electric current and voltage were monitored. Temperature measurements were performed using K-type thermocouples, as well as displacement measurements via the DIC (digital image correlation) technique. Thermomechanical simulations, considering phase changes and the actual seam geometry induced by filler material, were conducted using an equivalent heat source approach. A unique heat exchange coefficient accounting for thermal losses was identified. By incorporating these losses into thermal calculations, a good agreement was found between measured and calculated temperatures. Mechanical calculations allowed for the recovery of the horse saddle form after actual welding, with a relative difference of less than 10% in angular distortion between calculated and measured values.
Experimental Uncertainty Evaluation in Optical Measurements of Micro-Injection Molded Products
Authors: Bellantone Vincenzo , Surace Rossella , Fassi Irene
Published: January 2024

Optical measurements are increasingly widely used as preferential techniques to evaluate dimensional and surface quantities in micro-products. However, uncertainty estimation is more critical on micro-products than macro, and it needs careful attention for evaluating the obtained quality, the requested tolerance, and the correct setting of experimental process settings. In this study, optical measurements characterized micro-injected products by linear and surface acquisition and considered all the sources contributing to uncertainties. The results show that the measure uncertainty could be underestimated if only the standard deviation on simple measurements is considered; this could cause a significant restriction of the estimated range covering the measured values. Furthermore, the findings confirm that the correct evaluation of the potential uncertainties contributes to accurately assessing the process behavior and improving product quality.
A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Itraconazole and a Combination Therapy with Itraconazole and Potassium Iodide for the Treatment of Feline Sporotrichosis
Authors: Reis Erica Guerino dos , Pereira Sandro Antonio , Miranda Luisa Helena Monteiro de , Oliveira Raquel de Vasconcellos Carvalhaes de , Quintana Marcel de Souza Borges , Viana Paula Gonçalves , Figueiredo Anna Barreto Fernandes , Honorato Cindy Caroline dos Santos , Pereira-Oliveira Gabriela Reis , Silva Jéssica Nunes , Schubach Tânia Maria Pacheco , Gremião Isabella Dib Ferreira
Published: January 2024

Feline sporotrichosis is an endemic disease with high occurrence in Brazil. Itraconazole (ITZ) remains the drug of choice for treating this disease in cats, despite the increasing reports of therapeutic failure. A controlled, randomized clinical trial was performed on 166 naive cats with sporotrichosis to assess the effectiveness and safety of the combination therapy with ITZ and potassium iodide (KI) compared with ITZ monotherapy. Cats were randomly allocated into two treatment groups: G1—ITZ 100 mg/cat/day—and G2—ITZ 100 mg/cat/day + KI 2.5–20 mg/kg/day. Cats treated in G2 presented 77% more risk of reaching a clinical cure (a positive effect) than those treated in G1, even when controlled by negative predictors. The survival curves of the two treatment protocols indicate that a clinical cure was achieved faster in G2. An increase in the KI dose was necessary in 28 cats due to the persistence of clinical signs. Adverse reactions were equally frequent in both groups and manageable with a temporary drug suspension and/or a hepatoprotective therapy. The combination therapy was associated with a higher cure rate and a shorter treatment time, suggesting that ITZ+KI arises as a better option for treating feline sporotrichosis and should be considered the first-line treatment, especially in the presence of negative predictors.
Fungal Endophytes: Discovering What Lies within Some of Canada’s Oldest and Most Resilient Grapevines
Authors: Ali Shawkat , Wright A. Harrison , Tanney Joey B. , Renaud Justin B. , Sumarah Mark W.
Published: January 2024

Plant diseases and pests reduce crop yields, accounting for global crop losses of 30% to 50%. In conventional agricultural production systems, these losses are typically controlled by applying chemical pesticides. However, public pressure is mounting to curtail agrochemical use. In this context, employing beneficial endophytic microorganisms is an increasingly attractive alternative to the use of conventional chemical pesticides in agriculture. A multitude of fungal endophytes are naturally present in plants, producing enzymes, small peptides, and secondary metabolites due to their bioactivity, which can protect hosts from pathogens, pests, and abiotic stresses. The use of beneficial endophytic microorganisms in agriculture is an increasingly attractive alternative to conventional pesticides. The aim of this study was to characterize fungal endophytes isolated from apparently healthy, feral wine grapes in eastern Canada that have grown without agrochemical inputs for decades. Host plants ranged from unknown seedlings to long-lost cultivars not widely propagated since the 1800s. HPLC-MS was used to identify unique endophyte-derived chemical compounds in the host plants, while dual-culture competition assays showed a range in endophytes’ ability to suppress the mycelial growth of Botrytis, which is typically controlled in viticulture with pesticides. Twelve of the most promising fungal endophytes isolated were identified using multilocus sequencing and morphology, while DNA barcoding was employed to identify some of their host vines. These fungal endophyte isolates, which consisted of both known and putative novel strains, belonged to seven genera in six families and five orders of Ascomycota. Exploring the fungal endophytes in these specimens may yield clues to the vines’ survival and lead to the discovery of novel biocontrol agents.
Evaluation of New Generation Sequencing (NGS)-Based Somatic Gene Variations and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-Based Gene Fusions in Elderly and Young Acute Leukemia Patients: A Retrospective View
Authors: Erdoğdu İbrahim Halil , Örenay-Boyacıoğlu Seda , Boyacıoğlu Olcay , Kahraman-Çetin Nesibe , Kacar-Döger Füruzan , Yavaşoğlu İrfan , Bolaman Ali Zahit
Published: January 2024

Malignant diseases occurring in elderly patients follow a different course from younger patients and show different genetic structures. Therefore, in this retrospective study, the somatic gene variant profile and fusion gene profiles of elderly and young acute leukemia patients were determined to draw attention to the existing genetic difference, and the results were compared. In this study, the records of 204 acute leukemia patients aged 18+ who were referred to the Molecular Pathology Laboratory from the Hematology Clinic between 2018 and 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. Fusion gene detection in patients was performed with the HemaVision®-28Q Panel. The NGS Myeloid Neoplasms Panel was conducted using the MiniSEQ NGS platform according to the manufacturer’s protocol. When all cases are evaluated together, the most frequently diagnosed acute leukemia is acute myeloid leukemia (85.8%). Both groups had a similar fusion gene profile; however, the fusion burden was higher in the elderly group. When the groups were evaluated in terms of somatic gene variations, there were differences between the groups, and the variation load was higher in the elderly group. Considering the different somatic gene variation profiles, it is understood that the genetic structure of tumor cells is different in elderly patients compared to young cases.
Climate Proofing Cities by Navigating Nature-Based Solutions in a Multi-Scale, Social–Ecological Urban Planning Context: A Case Study of Flood Protection in the City of Gothenburg, Sweden
Authors: Egegård Colin Hultgren , Lindborg Maja , Gren Åsa , Marcus Lars , Pont Meta Berghauser , Colding Johan
Published: January 2024

Due to unsustainable land management and climate change, floods have become more frequent and severe over the past few decades and the problem is exacerbated in urban environments. In the context of climate-proofing cities, the importance of nature-based solutions (NBSs), obtaining relevant outcomes in the form of ecosystem services, has been highlighted. Although the role of ecosystem services in building resilience against negative climate change effects is widely recognized and there is an identified need to better integrate ecosystem services into urban planning and design, this has proven difficult to operationalize. A critical limitation is that modeling is a time-consuming and costly exercise. The purpose is to roughly estimate the ecosystem service of water run-off mitigation through simplified, cost-effective, and user-friendly modelling at three nested biophysical scales, under four climate change scenarios. Using the Swedish city of Gothenburg as an example, we propose an approach for navigating NBS-oriented flooding adaptation strategies, by quantifying the ecosystem service of water run-off mitigation at three nested biophysical scales, under four climate change scenarios, hence, proposing an approach for how to navigate nature-based solutions in a multi-scale, social–ecological urban planning context against present and future flooding events. Our findings validate the effectiveness of employing an ecosystem service approach to better comprehend the significant climate change issue of flooding through user-friendly and cost-efficient modeling.
Semantic Network Development in L2 Spanish and Its Impact on Processing Skills: A Multisession Eye-Tracking Study
Authors: Puscama M. Gabriela
Published: January 2024

The goal of this project was to explore how different types of vocabulary exposure shape the connections formed in the L2 lexicon and how these, in turn, affect L2 language processing. During L2 acquisition, words are often presented in thematic lists (e.g., food), favoring a lexicon organized by shared features (burger-hot dog). However, thematic lists offer only a partial picture of how words interconnect. For example, beer and football do not share any features and do not belong strictly to the same theme (food and sports, respectively); still, they co-occur frequently and are associated in the lexicon. A multisession training study and visual world eye-tracking tests were conducted to assess how different types of vocabulary exposure impact L2 processing. Intermediate L2 Spanish learners were trained under one of two conditions, thematic lists (TL, as in textbooks) or words presented in visual scenes (VS) with vocabulary related by co-occurrence. The VS group showed significant changes in their gaze patterns, resembling the naturalistic exposure baseline group (native speakers), more than the TL group. The results are interpreted in light of the anticipatory processing literature and the strength of representations as a result of naturalistic vs. formal exposure to L2 vocabulary.
Investigation of PACAP38 and PAC1 Receptor Expression in Human Retinoblastoma and the Effect of PACAP38 Administration on Human Y-79 Retinoblastoma Cells
Authors: Tóth Dénes , Fábián Eszter , Szabó Edina , Patkó Evelin , Vicena Viktória , Váczy Alexandra , Atlasz Tamás , Tornóczky Tamás , Reglődi Dóra
Published: January 2024

Retinoblastoma represents the most prevalent malignant neoplasm affecting the eyes in childhood. The clear-cut origin of retinoblastoma has not yet been determined; however, based on experiments, it has been suggested that RB1 loss in cone photoreceptors causes retinoblastoma. Pituitary adenylate-cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a pleiotropic neuropeptide which has been shown to be affected in certain tumorous transformations, such as breast, lung, kidney, pancreatic, colon, and endocrine cancers. This study aimed to investigate potential changes in both PACAP38 and PAC1 receptor (PAC1R) expression in human retinoblastoma and the effect of PACAP38 administration on the survival of a human retinoblastoma cell line (Y-79). We analyzed human enucleation specimens removed because of retinoblastoma for PACAP38 and PAC1R immunostaining and the effect of PACAP38 on the survival of the Y-79 cell line. We described for the first time that human retinoblastoma cells from patients showed only perinuclear, dot-like immunopositivity for both PACAP38 and PAC1R, irrespective of laterality, genetic background, or histopathological features. Nanomolar (100 nM and 500 nM) PACAP38 concentrations had no effect on the viability of Y-79 cells, while micromolar (2 µM and 6 µM) PACAP38 significantly decreased tumor cell viability. These findings, along with general observations from animal studies showing that PACAP38 has strong anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects on ocular tissues, together suggest that PACAP38 and its analogs are promising candidates in retinoblastoma therapy.
Optimizing Indocyanine Green Dosage for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Perfusion Assessment in Bowel Anastomosis: A Prospective, Systematic Dose-Ranging Study
Authors: Lobbes Leonard A. , Schier Katharina , Tiebie Kasper , Scheidel Nelly , Pozios Ioannis , Hoveling Richelle J. M. , Weixler Benjamin
Published: January 2024

Background: Indocyanine green (ICG) near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) has emerged as a promising technique for visualizing tissue perfusion. However, within the wide range of dosages and imaging conditions currently being applied, the optimal dosage of ICG remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and implications of implementing lower dosages of ICG than commonly used for visual and quantitative perfusion assessment in a standardized setting. Methods: A prospective single-center cohort study was conducted on patients undergoing ileostomy reversal by hand-sewn anastomosis. ICG-NIRF visualization was performed before (T1) and after (T2) anastomosis with one of four different dosages of ICG (5 mg, 2.5 mg, 1.25 mg, or 0.625 mg) and recorded. Postoperatively, each visualization was evaluated for signal strength, completeness, and homogeneity of fluorescence. Additionally, perfusion graphs were generated by a software-based quantitative perfusion assessment, allowing an analysis of perfusion parameters. Statistical analysis comparing the effect of the investigated dosages on these parameters was performed. Results: In total, 40 patients were investigated. Visual evaluation demonstrated strong, complete, and homogeneous fluorescence signals across all dosages. Perfusion graph assessment revealed a consistent shape for all dosages (ingress followed by egress phase). While the average signal intensity decreased with dosage, it was sufficient to enable perfusion assessment even at the lowest dosages of 1.25 mg and 0.625 mg of ICG. The baseline intensity at T2 (the second intraoperative visualization) significantly decreased with dosage. The slope of the egress phase steepened with decreasing dosage. Conclusions: Lower dosages of ICG were sufficient for intraoperative perfusion assessment, while causing lower residual fluorescence and quicker egress in subsequent visualizations.
Tool Wear Prediction Model Using Multi-Channel 1D Convolutional Neural Network and Temporal Convolutional Network
Authors: Huang Min , Xie Xingang , Sun Weiwei , Li Yiming
Published: January 2024

Tool wear prediction can ensure product quality and production efficiency during manufacturing. Although traditional methods have achieved some success, they often face accuracy and real-time performance limitations. The current study combines multi-channel 1D convolutional neural networks (1D-CNNs) with temporal convolutional networks (TCNs) to enhance the precision and efficiency of tool wear prediction. A multi-channel 1D-CNN architecture is constructed to extract features from multi-source data. Additionally, a TCN is utilized for time series analysis to establish long-term dependencies and achieve more accurate predictions. Moreover, considering the parallel computation of the designed architecture, the computational efficiency is significantly improved. The experimental results reveal the performance of the established model in forecasting tool wear and its superiority to the existing studies in all relevant evaluation indices.
Analyzing the Efficacy of Nickel Plating Coating in Hydraulic Pipeline Drag Reduction
Authors: Wang Xue , Zhou Junjie , Yao Bowen , Liao Wenbo
Published: January 2024

This study delves into the drag-reducing properties of nickel plating coatings applied to hydraulic pipelines. To investigate the drag reduction characteristics of pipeline coatings, we designed a specialized experimental apparatus to conduct deceleration experiments. The primary objective was to systematically assess the drag reduction effect of varying coating thicknesses on liquid flow within the pipeline. Chemical nickel plating was employed for preparing drag reduction coatings with diverse thicknesses, achieved through precise adjustments in the composition and operating conditions of the plating solution. In the design of the experimental apparatus, careful consideration was given to crucial parameters such as the inner diameter of the pipeline, the inlet flow rate, and the control of experimental variables. It quantitatively assesses how varying coating thicknesses, flow velocities, and pipeline diameters impact the pipelines’ resistance to flow. By meticulously measuring the pressure differential across the pipeline, the research evaluates the extent of drag reduction afforded by the coatings and simultaneously elucidates the underlying mechanisms. Findings indicate a peak drag reduction rate of 5% under conditions of a 20 µm-thick nickel coating, 5 m/s flow velocity, and a 10 mm pipeline diameter. This study aims to comprehend how coatings affect linear losses along the pipeline, thereby establishing the groundwork for optimizing drag reduction technology. These outcomes highlight the coatings’ potential to mitigate linear losses due to shear stress during fluid transport, offering a viable solution to enhance hydraulic pipeline efficiency with significant industrial implications.
Performance Tests of HX340 Microalloyed Steel Sheets Joined Using Clinch-Rivet Technology
Authors: Boda Łukasz , Mucha Jacek , Witkowski Waldemar
Published: January 2024

This paper presents the possibility of forming a pressed joint between two 1.5 mm thick sheets made of HX340 steel. The joint was formed using an additional deformable steel rivet with a hardness of 400HV1. Different distances of rivet pressing below the initial surface of the upper sheet were chosen: 0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60 (in mm). For the mentioned rivet-pressing distances, forming tests were performed using an “SKB” die with three die depths: 1.45, 1.60 and 1.75 (in mm). Observations and measurements of the characteristic geometric dimensions of the interlock were made. Furthermore, the strength of the clinch-riveted joints was analysed. Changing the depth of the die by 20%, i.e., from hd = 1.45 mm to hd = 1.75 mm for the same rivet press-in depth (of = 0%), resulted in a 12% reduction in the forming-force value. The maximum load capacity of the joint in the shear test decreased by 3.5% for the mentioned joint variant. The greater the rivet press-in depth used in the joint (of), the greater the value of the interlock size (tu). Increasing the value of rivet-pressing depth below the initial surface of the upper sheet from 0 mm to 0.6 mm resulted in an increase in the size of the interlock (tu) by 136% (for hd = 1.45 mm), by 128% (for hd = 1.60 mm) and by 85% (for hd = 1.75 mm).
Designing Surface and Interface Structures of Copper-Based Catalysts for Enhanced Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Alcohols
Authors: Hua Yanbo , Zhu Chenyuan , Zhang Liming , Dong Fan
Published: January 2024

Electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) has emerged as a promising solution to address both the greenhouse effect caused by CO2 emissions and the energy shortage resulting from the depletion of nonrenewable fossil fuels. The production of multicarbon (C2+) products via ECR, especially high-energy-density alcohols, is highly desirable for industrial applications. Copper (Cu) is the only metal that produces alcohols with appreciable efficiency and kinetic viability in aqueous solutions. However, poor product selectivity is the main technical problem for applying the ECR technology in alcohol production. Extensive research has resulted in the rational design of electrocatalyst architectures using various strategies. This design significantly affects the adsorption energetics of intermediates and the reaction pathways for alcohol production. In this review, we focus on the design of effective catalysts for ECR to alcohols, discussing fundamental principles, innovative strategies, and mechanism understanding. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects in utilizing Cu-based materials for alcohol production via ECR are discussed.