bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factor-Analytic Evidence for the Complexity of the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS)
Authors: McFarland Dennis J.
Published: April 2019

This study examined the complexity of the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System both in terms of the overall number of factors needed to model the entire battery and the complexity of the number of factors needed to model individual tests. The correlations between tests from the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System standardization sample were modeled with varying numbers of factors. Simulations of test scores were also done that varied the number of factors used to generate the data and considered criteria for factor retention based on eigenvalues, fit indices, and generalization to new data. The results show seven-factor solutions based on generalization of fixed weights to validation samples provided best estimates. Modification indices produced three seven-factor solutions with comparable model fit but markedly different factor loadings. These results are consistent with process overlap theory, which suggest that complex tests are determined my many distinct executive processes. Given uncertainty of factor-analytic solutions, interpretation of the meaning of test scores should be based on evidence that is external to the test items, such as their sensitivity to clinical conditions. Overly simplistic interpretations of executive test performance based on factor-analytic results are not warranted. This is consistent with the cognitive processing approach of the test authors.
Markers of Inflammation and Infection in Sepsis and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Patel Priya , Walborn Amanda , Rondina Matthew , Fareed Jawed , Hoppensteadt Debra
Published: April 2019

Sepsis is a severe systemic inflammatory response to infection that manifests with widespread inflammation as well as endothelial and coagulation dysfunction that may lead to hypotension, organ failure, shock, and death. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a complication of sepsis involving systemic activation of the fibrinolytic and coagulation pathways that can lead to multi-organ dysfunction, thrombosis, and bleeding, with a 2-fold increase in mortality. This study demonstrates the diagnostic and prognostic value of profiling various biomarkers of inflammation and infection in patients with sepsis-associated DIC to assess the severity of illness. Deidentified samples were obtained from adult patients with sepsis and suspected DIC. Platelet count, prothrombin time, D-dimer, and fibrinogen levels were used to assign International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis DIC scores to plasma samples from 103 patients with sepsis and suspected DIC. Using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, chromogenic assay, and RANDOX Biochip methods, levels of procalcitonin (PCT), extracellular nucleosomes, interleukin (IL) 6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were measured in patients with sepsis and DIC and compared to levels in healthy individuals. Elevated levels of PCT, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNFα were observed in most patients with sepsis and DIC. Additionally, the levels of these markers show significant positive correlations with each other and with DIC score. Currently, no single biomarker can effectively diagnose DIC in patients with sepsis. This study lays the groundwork for the development of a diagnostic algorithm using several markers of inflammation and infection and DIC score as parameters in assessing severity of sepsis-associated coagulopathy in a clinical setting.
Public Service-Function Types and Interlocal Agreement Network Structure: A Longitudinal Study of Iowa
Authors: Hugg Victor G.
Published: April 2019

Interlocal service delivery networks have become a prominent subject within the urban governance literature, with significant scholarly attention being focused on the political, legal, and demographic characteristics that influence an organization’s decision to join a collaboration network. However, despite being a theoretically significant factor, few analyses have examined the role that service-function type plays in shaping these networks. This research note replicates and extends previous tests of the hypothesized relationship between service-function type and network structure by relying on a comprehensive 25-year data set of interlocal agreements from the state of Iowa. Using hierarchical linear modeling, the positive relationship between networks of system maintenance service-functions and network centralization is confirmed after controlling for the significant moderating effect of time. This more-generalized finding enhances our understanding of when local governments use service networks to solve public problems and potentially carries important implications for the relationship between network governance and policy performance.
Electric and heat conduction across an elliptic cavity in an anisotropic medium
Authors: Xie Kunkun , Song Haopeng , Gao Cunfa
Published: April 2019

It is well known that the anisotropy of materials will significantly affect heat conduction, and the corresponding results have been applied to the thermal analysis of materials. An elliptic cavity in a nonlinearly coupled anisotropic medium, on the other hand, is much more difficult to analyze. Based on the complex variable method, the problem of a two-dimensional elliptical cavity in an anisotropic material is analyzed in this paper, and the field distributions have been obtained in closed-form. The field intensity factors are discussed in detail. The results show that both the temperature and electric potential gradients at a crack tip are always perpendicular to the crack surface, regardless of the anisotropy and the nonlinearity in the constitutive equations and the arbitrariness of loading direction. These results provide a powerful tool to analyze the effective behavior and reliability of anisotropic materials with cavities.
Highly accurate and efficient numerical methods for a problem of heat conduction
Authors: Cho Manki
Published: April 2019

In this work, we present a theoretical basis for the Steklov series expansion methods to reduce and estimate the error of numerical solutions for heat conduction. The meshless spectral method is applied to represent the temperature over the two-dimensional field using the harmonic Steklov eigenfunctions. Error estimates for Steklov approximations are given. With explicit formulae for the Steklov eigenfunctions and eigenvalues, results about the accuracy of the methods for several variables of interest according to the number of eigenfunctions used are described.
Promoting Sustainable Government Regulation: What We Can Learn From California
Authors: Vogel David
Published: April 2019

This article describes and explains why the state of California has long played a leadership role in adopting innovative and stringent environmental standards. It argues that critical roles have been played by the state’s attractive natural environment, the extent of threats to its environmental quality, the material interest of citizens in protecting the natural environmental around where they lived, and the support of business interests who stood to benefit from protecting the state’s many environmental amenities. These dynamics are illustrated by several historical examples, which have laid the basis for the state’s current environmental policy initiatives. It concludes by generalizing from the experiences of California in order to explore the role of politics and public policies in promoting more sustainable business practices.
Using Social Network Analysis to Understand Trust, Reciprocity, and Togetherness in Wildlife Tourism Microentrepreneurship
Authors: KC Birendra , Morais Duarte B. , Smith Jordan W. , Peterson M. N. , Seekamp Erin
Published: April 2019

High levels of trust, reciprocity, and togetherness embedded within entrepreneurial networks are believed to facilitate cooperation that enables success among individual business owners. This study examines the effects of social influence, network characteristics, and entrepreneurial motivations on trust, reciprocity, and togetherness in a network of wildlife tourism microentrepreneurs. Thirty-seven wildlife tourism microentrepreneurs from North Carolina’s Pamlico Sound Region were recruited for in-person structured interviews. Data were analyzed using social network analysis, specifically a series of linear network autocorrelation models in conjunction with supportive qualitative assessment. Microentrepreneurs expressing a high level of trust were connected with microentrepreneurs expressing a low level of trust in their peers. Conversely, microentrepreneurs with strong feelings of reciprocity were connected with microentrepreneurs having similar feelings. These findings illustrate that the presence of equally reciprocal relationships is not an indication of equally trusting relationships. The findings also suggest that higher numbers of business ties tend to diminish the levels of trust, reciprocity, and togetherness toward connected peers.
Training to Lead in an Era of Change: Insights From Ad Agency Leaders
Authors: Habib Sabrina , Patwardhan Padmini
Published: April 2019

This study examines leadership training in advertising. Interviews with U.S.-based agency professionals revealed the lack of a systematic approach to leadership development. There was a consensus among professionals that training (whether formal or informal) is needed. Despite need and benefits of establishing leadership training programs in agencies, participants acknowledged barriers to doing so. The study also finds a role for advertising education to train the next generation of advertising leaders.
Why I Teach Advertising
Authors: Devlin Michael B.
Published: April 2019

This invited essay discusses why I teach advertising, offering insight about the benefits of combining analytical and creative perspectives by reframing how creativity is used in the classroom.
Getting the Job in Advertising: Hiring Decision Makers’ Perceived Value of Student-Run Communications Agency Experience for Recent Graduates
Authors: Haygood Daniel M. , Vincent Hal , Bush Lee
Published: April 2019

Student-run communications agencies on university campuses provide the opportunity for communications students to apply classroom learning to real client projects with actual budgets. Students have direct contact with marketing and communication professionals who hold the students accountable for their work and results. This research looks at the level of understanding and perceived value of these student-run agencies among hiring decision makers at professional communications firms. The research shows these decision makers value the experience students gain from this kind of agency work, including understanding agency operations and culture, interacting with clients, producing actual creative work, and being held accountable for results. Further, students experience the challenges associated with driving projects from start to completion while working with people of different backgrounds and skill sets. Overall, student agency experience provides students with valuable professional skills and a meaningful point of difference versus other candidates when competing for jobs.
Dimensions of News Media Literacy Among U.S. Advertising Students
Authors: Kendrick Alice , Fullerton Jami A.
Published: April 2019

In a national survey, advertising students rated themselves overall as above average on media literacy knowledge and attitudes, though 43% said they often are confused about the quality of news and information. Students exhibited higher degrees of understanding of and interest in the media literacy dimensions of “Messages and Meanings” and “Authors and Audiences” than they did in the “Value of Media Literacy”. Those with higher grade point averages and experience with internships placed a higher value on media literacy than other groups. The concept of students’ “media maturity” and implications for educators and society at large are discussed.
The effect of micro-architecture on the failure response of multi-layered lattice sandwich panels under three-point loading
Authors: Omachi Ayumi , Ushijima Kuniharu , Nagakura Yuta , Cantwell Wesley J
Published: April 2019

In this study, the failure behaviour of lattice sandwich panels under three-point loading has been studied using a nonlinear finite element analysis. This paper develops on a previous paper, where the similar failure behaviour was discussed. However, the originality of this paper lies in the fact that it investigates the effect of the micro-architecture of the lattice unit-cell on the failure response of lattice sandwich panels by introducing three geometrical parameters γx, γy and γz. In addition, lattice sandwich panels have been fabricated using a selective laser metal melting machine, and quasi-static bending tests on the panels were conducted and the accuracy of the present method for predicting the failure load is discussed by comparing the experimental data with the analytical results. It has been shown that the analytical results agree reasonably well with the experimental results.
Evolutionary Analysis of Makorin Ring Finger Protein 3 Reveals Positive Selection in Mammals
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Jamil , Ahmad Hafiz Ishfaq , Adeel Muhammad Muzammal , Liang Aixin , Hua Guohua , Murtaza Saeed , Mirza Riaz Hussain , Elokil Abdelmotaleb , Ullah Farman , Yang Liguo
Published: April 2019

Makorin ring finger proteins (MKRNs) are part the of ubiquitin-proteasome system; a complex system important for cell functions. Ubiquitin fate through proteolytic, non-proteolytic pathways varies, depending on covalent linkage between ubiquitin and protein substrates. Makorin ring finger protein 3 is an integral part of covalent linkage of ubiquitin to protein substrates. Similar to others imprinted genes, MKRN3 also evolve under positive selection; however, which codons are specifically selected in MKRN3 during evolution are needed to be explored. Different maximum-likelihood (ML) codon-based methodologies were used to ascertain positive selection signatures in 22 mammalian sequences of MKRN3 to probe an individual codon for positive selection signatures. By applying the HyPhy software package implemented in the Data Monkey Web Server and CODEML implemented in PAML, evolutionary analysis based on two Ml frameworks were conducted. The analysis was executed by comparing M1a against M2a, M7 against M8, and PAML models and 2∆Lnl ( LRT) was resulted by likelihood logs. M1a contributed ω1 ( dN/dS) with LRT value ( ∆Lnl) 12.01, and positive selection was found in M2a with ω3 = 2.23603. To further improve selection test, M8 was compared to M7 with 2∆ Lnl ( LRT) 30.17, and M8 showed positive selection with ω = 1.55759. The data were fit to M8 than M7, which suggests that M8 was the most significant model of selection. M8 was judged encouraging for this analysis and used to establish a positive selection of MKRN3 proteins. We found Gly312 as a positively selected amino acid in a zinc finger motif/Really Interesting New Gene (RING) finger motif; the former ones’ region is involved in RNA binding and the later ones in ubiquitin ligase activity of the protein, vital for protein function. Selection analyses of MKRNs might advance the developments in unique approaches that could lead to genetic progress over the selection of superior individuals with the breeding values higher for certain traits as ancestries to get the next generation.
Metabolic Profiling to Identify the Latent Infection of Strawberry by Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Hu Zhihong , Chang Xunian , Dai Tan , Li Lei , Liu Panqing , Wang Guozhen , Liu Pengfei , Huang Zhongqiao , Liu Xili
Published: April 2019

In plant-pathogen interaction systems, plant metabolism is usually agitated in the early stages of infection and much before visible symptoms appear. To identify the latent infection of strawberry by Botrytis cinerea by metabolome profiling, a metabolomics method based on gas chromatography and mass spectrometry was applied to identify the affected metabolites and discriminate diseased plants from healthy ones. An orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) score plot showed that the metabolic profiling well separated B. cinerea-infected strawberry plants at 2, 5, and 7 days after infection from non-infected healthy plants. Combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) and OPLS analysis revealed candidate biomarkers of plant resistance and of infection and expansion of the pathogen in the plants. Among them, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, sucrose, β-lyxopyranose, melibiose, and 1,1,4a-Trimethyl-5,6-dimethylenedecahydronaphthalene were closely related to the early stage of disease development when symptoms were not visible. A discrimination method that could distinguish Botrytis gray mold diseased strawberry plants from healthy ones was established based on the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model with a correct recognition accuracy of 100%. This research offers a good application of metabolome profiling for early diagnosis of plant disease and interaction mechanism exploration.
Treating Patients With Co-occurring Autism Spectrum Disorder and Substance Use Disorder: A Clinical Explorative Study
Authors: Helverschou Sissel Berge , Brunvold Anette Ræder , Arnevik Espen Ajo
Published: April 2019

Background:

Substance use disorders (SUDs) have been assumed to be rare in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recent research suggests that the rates of SUD among individuals with ASD may be higher than assumed although reliable data on the prevalence of SUD in ASD are lacking. Typical interventions for SUD may be particularly unsuitable for people with ASD but research on intervention and therapy are limited.

Methods:

This study addresses ways of improving services for individuals with ASD and SUD by enhancing the competence of professionals in ordinary SUD outpatient clinics. Three therapists were given monthly ASD education and group supervision. The participants were ordinary referred patients who wanted to master their problems with alcohol or drugs. Four patients, all men diagnosed with ASD and intelligence quotient (IQ) ⩾ 70 completed the treatment. The participants were given cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) modified for their ASD over a minimum of 10 sessions. The therapies lasted between 8 and 15 months. Standardised assessments were conducted pre- and post-treatment.

Results:

Post-treatment, 2 participants had ended their drug and alcohol abuse completely, 1 had reduced his abuse, and 1 still had a heavy abuse of alcohol. Physical well-being was the most prevalent reported positive aspect of drug or alcohol use, whereas the experience of being left out from social interaction was the most frequent negative aspects of intoxication.

Conclusions:

CBT may represent a promising treatment option for individuals with ASD and SUD. The results suggest that patients’ symptoms can be reduced by providing monthly ASD education and group supervision to therapists in ordinary SUD outpatient clinics. This group of patients need more sessions than other client groups, the therapy has to be adapted to ASD, ie, direct, individualised, and more extensive. Moreover, the patients need psychoeducation on ASD generally, social training, and support to organise several aspects of their lives and some patients need more support than can be provided in an outpatient clinic.
The Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Insulin-Like Growth Factor–Binding Proteins in the Nervous System
Authors: Lewitt Moira S , Boyd Gary W
Published: April 2019

The insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) and their receptors are widely expressed in nervous tissue from early embryonic life. They also cross the blood brain barriers by active transport, and their regulation as endocrine factors therefore differs from other tissues. In brain, IGFs have paracrine and autocrine actions that are modulated by IGF-binding proteins and interact with other growth factor signalling pathways. The IGF system has roles in nervous system development and maintenance. There is substantial evidence for a specific role for this system in some neurodegenerative diseases, and neuroprotective actions make this system an attractive target for new therapeutic approaches. In developing new therapies, interaction with IGF-binding proteins and other growth factor signalling pathways should be considered. This evidence is reviewed, gaps in knowledge are highlighted, and recommendations are made for future research.
Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Admitted to Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Bogale Kassahun , Mekonnen Desalew , Nedi Teshome , Woldu Minyahil Alebachew
Published: April 2019

Background:

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to a spectrum of conditions compatible with acute myocardial ischemia and/or infarction that are usually due to an abrupt reduction in coronary blood flow.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to assess the treatment outcome and associated factors for ACS.

Methods:

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2014.

Results:

Of 124 ACS patients who were admitted during the 3 years’ period, 90 (72.6%) were diagnosed with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The mean age was 56.3 ± 13.7 years. The average length of hospital stay was 9.77 ± 6.42 days. The average time from onset of ACS symptoms to presentation in the emergency department was 3.8 days (91.7 hours). In about 76 (61.3%) patients, hypertension was the leading risk factor for development of ACS, and 36.4% of ACS patients were either Killip class III or IV. Biomarkers were measured for 118 (95.2%) patients, and 79.2% of patients had ejection fraction of less than 40% and 29.2% had less than 30%. In-hospital medication use includes loading dose of aspirin (79%), anticoagulants (77.4%), beta blockers (88.1%), statins (85.5%), morphine (12.9%), and nitrates (35.5%). The in-hospital mortality was 27.4%. The predictors for in-hospital mortality were age ( P = .042), time from symptom onset to presentation ( P = .001), previous history of hypertension ( P = .025), being Killip class III and IV ( P = .001), and STEMI diagnosis ( P = .005).

Conclusions:

The medical management of ACS patients in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) was in line with the recommendations of international guidelines but in-hospital mortality was extremely high (27.4%).
International comparisons of autism spectrum disorder behaviors in preschoolers rated by parents and caregivers/teachers
Authors: Rescorla Leslie A , Given Courtney , Glynn Siobhan , Ivanova Masha Y , Achenbach Thomas M
Published: April 2019

This study tested international similarities and differences in scores on a scale comprising 12 items identified by international mental health experts as being very consistent with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) category of autism spectrum disorder. Participants were 19,850 preschoolers in 24 societies rated by parents on the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1½–5; 10,521 preschoolers from 15 societies rated by caregivers/teachers on the Caregiver–Teacher Report Form, and 7380 children from 13 societies rated by both types of informant. Rank ordering of the items with respect to base rates and mean ratings was more similar across societies for parent ratings than caregiver/teacher ratings, especially with respect to the items tapping restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Items 80. Strange behavior; 63. Repeatedly rocks head or body; 67. Seems unresponsive to affection; and 98. Withdrawn, doesn’t get involved with others had low base rates in these population samples across societies and types of informants, suggesting that they may be particularly discriminating for identifying autism spectrum disorder in young children. Cross-informant agreement was stronger for the items tapping social communication and interaction problems than restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. The findings support the feasibility of international use of the scale for autism spectrum disorder screening in population samples.
Broader autism phenotype and couple interactions in parents of children with autism
Authors: Hartley Sigan L , Hickey Emily J , DaWalt Leann , Rodriguez Geovanna
Published: April 2019

The broader autism phenotype refers to sub-clinical autism spectrum disorder characteristics involving socially and emotionally aloof and rigid personality traits and social communication difficulties. Relatives of individuals with autism spectrum disorder, including parents, evidence an increased rate of broader autism phenotype. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between actor (one’s own) and partner (their partner’s) broader autism phenotype and the self-reported, observed, and physiological (i.e. electrodermal reactivity) markers of the quality of videotaped couple problem-solving interactions in 158 couples, who had a child with autism spectrum disorder (aged 5–12 years). The mean age of mothers was 39.79 (standard deviation = 5.06) years and the mean age of fathers was 41.77 (standard deviation = 6.02) years for fathers, and 36.6% of parents did not have a college degree. Actor–partner interdependence models, using structural equation modeling in analysis of moment structures, were conducted. Results indicated that parent broader autism phenotype was positively related to adverse couple problem-solving interactions across all measurement methods (observed codes, self-reported affect, and electrodermal reactivity). These effects were independent of child-related challenges. The effect of parent broader autism phenotype occurred through both actor and partner pathways and was strongest for father broader autism phenotype.
Introduction to Garfinkel’s ‘Notes on Language Games’: Language events as cultural events in ‘systems of interaction’
Authors: Rawls Anne Warfield
Published: April 2019

This article discusses ‘Notes on Language Games’, written by Harold Garfinkel in 1960 and never before published, one of three distinct versions of his famous ‘Trust’ argument, i.e., that constitutive criteria define shared events, objects, and meanings. The argument stands in contrast to an approach to cultural anthropology that was becoming popular in 1960 called ‘ethnoscience’. In this previously unknown manuscript, Garfinkel proposes that cultural events and language events are the same, in that both are created through constitutive commitments to interactional systems. The best-known version of the Trust argument (Garfinkel, 1963) emphasizes Schutz, while other versions build on Parsons (Garfinkel 2019). In this third version, the Trust conditions are elaborated in terms of Wittgenstein’s language games. Various strands of Garfinkel’s thinking about culture, language and interaction are interwoven. That Garfinkel was working with Parsons in 1960 to document a contractual basis for social events and their assembly practices in ‘systems of interaction’, a constitutive practice argument with roots in Durkheim’s work, is yet another strand. The article highlights how the Trust argument is the key to everything, not only ethnomethodology, but also Garfinkel’s attempt to develop a general sociology of culture, language and interaction.
Strengthening and repair of one-way and two-way self-compacted concrete slabs using near-surface-mounted carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers
Authors: Ashteyat Ahmed M , Al Rjoub Yousef S , Obaidat Ala’ T. , Dagamseh Huthaifah
Published: April 2019

The effectiveness of near-surface-mounted carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers on strengthening and repair of self-compacted concrete slabs was investigated experimentally and numerically. Twenty slabs were cast (10 one-way and 10 two-way) and tested under four-point load. Strengthening and repair effectiveness was investigated on slabs using near-surface-mounted carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer strips with straight and inclined orientation. Repair was performed on eight slabs using near-surface-mounted carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer strips with an orientation based on the best cost/capacity ratio, with two preloading levels: 35% and 50% of the ultimate load of the control slab. The results showed that using near-surface-mounted carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers increases the ultimate strength of one-way strengthened self-compacted concrete slabs (45%–163%) for both strip orientation, with the straight orientation performing better. Also, the cracking load and stiffness increased, while deflection decreased. The increase in ultimate strength for strengthened two-way slabs was 15% to 17%. The ultimate deflection and toughness of the two-way strengthened slabs increased 43% and 34%, respectively. Using near-surface-mounted carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers restored the load capacity of repaired one-way and two-way slabs but was more effective for one-way slabs. The repaired one-way slabs regained up to 223% of the control slabs’ ultimate strength, with a significant increase in stiffness (296%). The repaired two-way slabs regained up to 116% of the control slabs’ ultimate strength. The strength was higher in the case of the 50% preload compared to 35% preload. The finite element model shows somehow a reasonable capability of predicting the experimental behavior with a gap in terms of the stiffness and the maximum load.
An investigation of semi-outdoor learning spaces in the tropics: Spatial settings, thermal environments and user perceptions
Authors: Tao Yiqi , Lau Stephen Siu Yu , Gou Zhonghua , Zhang Ji , Tablada Abel
Published: April 2019

Semi-outdoor learning space is an important part of a university campus, as it accommodates learning and social activities while enabling users to connect with outdoor environments. This research explores the relationships between thermal environments, thermal perceptions and spatial settings in five selected semi-outdoor spaces on the campus of the National University of Singapore. A distance meter was used to measure spatial settings such as the floor height and void-to-solid ratio in the selected spaces. A heat stress meter was used to measure air temperature and relative humidity, and another meter to measure wind speed. A questionnaire survey was carried out to collect the users’ thermal perceptions. A total of 339 students were involved in the survey. The results of the study indicated that increasing the height of the space and the height of surrounding buildings can increase users’ satisfaction with semi-outdoor space. In terms of architectural design, the temperature and wind speed can be effectively regulated by building orientation and the void-to-solid ratio, respectively. This study provides evidence and guidelines for campus planning and design.
The influence of gendered emotional relations on gender equality in sport governance
Authors: Adriaanse Johanna A
Published: April 2019

The aim of this article is to investigate the influence of gendered emotional relations on gender equality in the governance of Australian sport organizations. Theoretically the study draws on the concept of a gender regime, a pattern of gender relations characterized by four interwoven dimensions of social life: production, power, emotions, and symbolism. This article reports on two case studies: sport boards C and E. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the two CEOs and nine directors of two Australian national sport organizations, sport C and sport E. Sport board C exhibited a gender regime of masculine hegemony in transition while sport board E had a regime of gender mainstreaming in progress. Supportive emotional relations between directors offered positive prospects for gender equality in the governance of sport organizations; however, they needed to operate in conjunction with other gender dimensions.
Great expectations? Assessing the creation of national police organisations in Scotland and the Netherlands
Authors: Terpstra Jan , Fyfe Nick R.
Published: April 2019

Against a background of recent structural reforms to police organisations in northern and western Europe, this paper examines the experiences of Scotland and the Netherlands where national police forces were established in 2013. Taking a comparative perspective, an analysis of the police reform proposals is followed by a review of the arguments for reform, the challenges of implementation and the findings emerging from the evaluations of the police reforms in each country. The paper concludes by drawing out the contrast between the ‘great expectations’ of the two police reforms articulated by the governments and the realities of bringing about rapid and large-scale organisational change, arguing that institutionalist perspectives on police reform have much to offer in making sense of the challenges of the police reform process.
The daily dose of digital inspiration 2: Themes and affective user responses to meaningful memes in social media
Authors: Rieger Diana , Klimmt Christoph
Published: April 2019

Recent work on eudaimonic media entertainment has demonstrated that not only movies carry meaningful or inspiring topics but also content that is usually uploaded online, such as YouTube videos or memes in social media. Although past research found beneficial effects of eudaimonic movies for psychosocial well-being and motivational intentions, the daily audience of eudaimonic online fare has not been investigated yet. This article reports first findings from a survey ( N = 2777), representative of German Internet users. Specifically, it addresses the question of (daily) encounters with eudaimonic memes, remembered topics, emotional and motivational effects with a focus on gender differences. The results reveal that many social media users consume “small doses” of eudaimonic content on a regular basis and experience similar, yet weaker, emotional consequences of such exposure. These findings are discussed in light of eudaimonic entertainment and positive media psychology.
Pension indexation for retirees revisited – Normative patterns and legal standards
Authors: Hohnerlein Eva Maria
Published: April 2019

Maintaining adequate pension levels throughout the entire retirement phase is a persistent challenge in old-age protection. Most public pension schemes in OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries provide for some form of indexation for pensions in payment. These mechanisms have been object of frequent revisions for different purposes, in particular across Europe. This article explores the social and financial policy objectives linked to standard indexation parameters in public pension schemes, and offers a rough taxonomy of additional factors used to modify traditional indexation arrangements, with a special focus on changing rules and practices adopted in the European Union (EU) area after the 2008 international economic and financial crisis. Analysis suggests that early responses were mainly driven by cost containment ideas, whereas more recently, a subtle shift towards adequacy-oriented interventions can be noticed. The article argues that restrictive pension indexation rules in combination with overall retrenchment of public pension provision fail to take into account the increasing duration of retirement and corresponding pension erosion. Such failure calls into question not only income security during retirement as a major objective of old-age pensions but also compliance with international standards of social security set by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the Council of Europe. More social policy research is needed in view of the increasing complexities of indexation rules, as shortfalls in indexation can cause significant impairment in the living conditions of older pensioners, predominantly women.
Moving beyond tracing: The nature, availability and quality of digital apps to support children’s writing
Authors: Quinn Margaret , Bliss Marie
Published: April 2019

Young children’s use of tablets and smartphones has proliferated in recent years. Furthermore, apps are being developed at breakneck pace, often designed to support children’s learning in a variety of academic skills across various domains. While a growing body of literature focuses upon the use of multimedia apps to support emergent literacy, little is known about the nature and quality of apps, particularly as it relates to early writing. Thus, the purpose of this study was to comprehensively and critically examine available early writing apps on a particular popular platform (iOS) in order to understand their quality, availability and nature. Initial search terms yielded considerable results (n = 1,633). After examining apps based upon inclusion/exclusion criteria, a final sample of 472 apps was used for analysis. Apps were analysed for focal skill(s), multimodality, interactivity, assessment capabilities, appropriateness and factors related to equity (cost of apps for iOS and availability across other platforms associated with more affordable devices, i.e. Google Play and Amazon). Findings indicate that despite the prevalence of low-cost and free apps designed to support writing, these apps address highly constrained content (e.g., letter tracing) and are low in terms of various quality metrics. This study has implications for parents, teachers, researchers and developers and suggests a general lack of quality early writing apps and the need for multifaceted, higher quality and equitable media for the benefit of young children, their teachers and their parents.
Reading war photographs: the 1971 India–Pakistan war in the Anglo-American press
Authors: Mokhtar Shehram
Published: April 2019

This article examines photographs of the 1971 India–Pakistan war published in the Anglo-American newspapers: The New York Times and The Times (London) and magazines: Life, Newsweek, Time, and The Economist. The images projected the war as a spectacle and predominantly used photographic conventions associated with non-journalistic images. The photographs showcased a rather frank representation of the 1971 war, displaying images of failed military operations, dead or injured soldiers, POWs, and revenge killings. However, some of these candid documentary war photographs offer archival value in that they challenge and complicate historical amnesia and partial accounts of the war and conflict in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
‘Reset the relationship’: decolonising government to increase Indigenous benefit
Authors:   tebrakunna country, Lee Emma
Published: April 2019

Aboriginal Tasmanian peoples have been characterised by extinction myths as an outcome of colonialism. The subsequent dispossession and exile from lands and seas for surviving communities have increased trauma. This article analyses the recent efforts of Aboriginal Tasmanian peoples to reframe relationships with the Tasmanian Government and create conditions for our emancipation away from colonial harms. To decolonise political negotiating environments and inject Indigenous-led strategies of ‘love-bombing’ that reflect cultural processes of kinship and reciprocity, we reset the relationship for good governance. Two case studies of Tasmanian land and sea management illustrate how an Indigenous politic has been created for reclaiming identity among shared futures.
A two-dimensional eddy current array–based sensing film for estimating failure modes and tracking damage growth of bolted joints
Authors: Sun Hu , Wang Tao , Liu Qijian , Wang Yishou , Qing Xinlin
Published: April 2019

Bolted joints are the key components for enduring primary load and play a vital role in ensuring structural safety for aircrafts. But it is very difficult to analyze the strength and failure modes of bolted joints due to their complexity and nonlinear coupling factors. Therefore, it is greatly essential to estimate potential failure mode at the early age and quantitatively track the damage parameters for calculating residual life and determining structural integrity. In this article, the concept of two-dimensional eddy current array–based sensing film is proposed to estimate the failure modes by identifying the circumferential location of the damage around the bolt hole and quantitatively track the damage parameters including the damage size in the radial direction and the damage depth in the axial direction of bolt hole. Finite element simulation is utilized to study the interaction between eddy current signals and the damage, and optimize the configuration of sensing film. Simulation result shows that a noticeable difference of eddy current signals of sensing film can be clearly seen that damage is located at different circumferential location around the hole. In addition, the exciting coil with opposite current directions at the boundary of axially adjacent coils has a better capacity of differentiating the damage sizes in the radial and axial direction than that with same current directions. The experiment is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed sensing film for estimating fatigue modes and quantitatively tracking damage growth.
An observational cohort study of exercise and education for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease not meeting criteria for formal pulmonary rehabilitation programmes
Authors: Lewis A , Dullaghan D , Townes H , Green A , Potts J , Quint Jennifer K
Published: April 2019

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is offered to patients with functional breathlessness. However, access to PR is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether a 4-week education and exercise programme offered to COPD patients with Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea 1–2 improves disease self-management. Patients were recruited by their GP to attend four weekly 2-h sessions provided by a multidisciplinary team. Patients completed outcome measures before and after the program. Forty-two patients entered the programme and 26 out of 42 (61.9%) completed all sessions. The Bristol COPD Knowledge Questionnaire and Patient Activation Measure improved (both p ≤ 0.001). Disease burden was not reduced according to the COPD assessment test. All patients accepted a referral for ongoing exercise. Fourteen current smokers (81.3%) accepted a referral for smoking cessation, three patients with anxiety or depression (37.5%) accepted a psychological therapies referral. The programme improved COPD disease knowledge, patient activation and stimulated referrals to further services supporting disease management. Randomised controlled trials are warranted for similar interventions for COPD patients with early stage disease.
Stepping Into Prison: Communication Activism and Pedagogy Beyond Classrooms
Authors: Shoemaker Deanna
Published: April 2019

Autoethnographic methods are used to examine and reflect on my experiences over seven years as a volunteer participant and co-facilitator of communication-based workshops in prison settings. Framing practice-based discoveries as engaged scholarship, I consider the potential impact of immersive, embodied co-learning processes with inmates and the ways in which scholars, artists, and activists can help bridge divides between prisons, communities, and campuses. Situating this work within the U.S. history of mass incarceration, I argue that Alternatives to Violence Project workshops function as critical communication pedagogies that work to build community and the compassion needed to support activist movements for decarceration and social justice.
Effect of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning on Complications After Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: A Meta-Analysis With Randomized Control Trials
Authors: Zhang Min-Hong , Du Xin , Guo Wei , Liu Xiao-Ping , Jia Xin , Wu Ye
Published: April 2019

Objective:

This meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP) on complications after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Methods:

A literature search was conducted in Google scholar, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to February 2019. The pooled risk difference (RD) as well as their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by RevMan 5.3 software.

Results:

A total of 249 patients receiving abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with RIP and 248 receiving abdominal aortic aneurysm repair without RIP in 7 included studies were reanalyzed in this meta-analysis. The results showed that RIP cannot significantly reduce the postoperative mortality (RD = −0.01, 95% CI: −0.07 to 0.06, P = .87), myocardial infarction (RD = −0.01, 95% CI, −0.09 to 0.07, P = .79), and renal impairment (RD = 0.06, 95% CI: −0.41 to 0.30, P = .89) and renal failure (RD = 0.04, 95% CI: −0.03 to 0.10, P = .30). Moreover, the pooled estimate indicated that the RIP significantly increased the risk of arrhythmia after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair surgery (RD = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01 to −0.16, P = .03). Nevertheless, sensitivity analyses indicated unreliable results for risk of arrhythmia.

Conclusion:

There is no evidence that RIP reduces mortality after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Moreover, the current evidence is not robust enough to prove the effect of RIP on kidney- and cardiac-related complications.
Endovascular Therapy of Vascular Trauma—Current Options and Review of the Literature
Authors: Glaser Julia D. , Kalapatapu Venkat R.
Published: April 2019

Objective:

To review the current use of endovascular techniques in trauma.

Summary Background Data:

Multiple studies have demonstrated that, despite current guidelines, endovascular therapies are used in instances of arterial trauma.

Methods:

The existing literature concerning arterial trauma was reviewed. Studies reviewed included case reports, single-center case series, large database studies, official industry publications and instructions for use, and society guidelines.

Results:

Endovascular therapies are used in arterial trauma in all systems. The use of thoracic endografts in blunt thoracic aortic trauma is accepted and endorsed by society guidelines. The use of endovascular therapies in other anatomic locations is largely limited to single-center studies. Advantages potentially include less morbidity due to smaller incisions as well as shorter operating room times. Many report using endovascular therapies even with hard signs of injury. Long-term results are limited by a lack of long-term follow-up but, in general, suggest that these techniques produce acceptable outcomes. The adoption of these techniques may be limited by resource and surgeon availability.

Conclusions:

The use of endovascular therapies in trauma has gained acceptance despite not yet having a place in official guidelines.
Hispanics, Mental Health, and Suicide: Brief Report
Authors: Brenes Francisco
Published: April 2019

A global health crisis exists surrounding suicide. In the United States, suicide rates have increased by nearly 30% in most states since 1999. Although the suicide rate among Hispanic Americans is significantly lower than non-Hispanic Whites, reasons for the lower rate are unclear. Current literature suggests that the lower rate may be due to underreporting, a lack of suicide screening and a number of complex social issues, including the stigma surrounding suicide in Hispanic culture. Health care provider attitudes toward suicidal individuals may also negatively affect mental health outcomes. This brief report focuses on suicide as a public health concern, addresses key issues arising from the phenomenon, and provides a perspective on health care providers’ attitudes toward suicide. Recommendations for future research, as well as implications for clinical practice and policy, are suggested.