bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALUMINOBAROTHERMIC SYNTHESIS OF HIGH-NITROGEN STEEL
Authors: Lad’yanov V. I. , Dorofeev G. A. , Kuz’minykh E. V. , Karev V. A. , Lubnin A. N.
Published: March 2019

High-nitrogen austenitic steels are promising materials, combining high strength, plasticity and corrosion resistance properties. However, to produce high-nitrogen steel by conventional metallurgical methods under high nitrogen pressure, powerful and complex metallurgical equipment is required. From energy-saving viewpoint, an alternative and simpler method for producing high-nitrogen steels can be aluminothermy (reduction of metal oxides by metallic aluminum) under nitrogen pressure. Thermodynamic modeling of aluminothermic reactions in a nitrogen atmosphere was carried out by the authors. Aluminothermy under nitrogen pressure was used to produce high-nitrogen nickel-free Cr – N and Cr – Mn – N stainless steels with a nitrogen content of about 1  %. Microstructure (X-ray diffraction, metallography and transmission electron microscopy techniques) and mechanical properties were examined. Thermodynamic analysis has shown that the aluminothermic reduction reactions do not go to the end. The most important parameter of the synthesis is the ratio of Al and oxygen in the charge, the correct choice of which provides a compromise between completeness of oxides reduction, content of aluminum and oxygen in steel (the degree of deoxidation), and its contamination with aluminum nitride. Cr – N steel ingots in the cast state had the structure of nitrogen perlite (ferrite-nitride mixture), and Cr – Mn – N steel – ferrite-austenite structure with attributes of austenite discontinuous decomposition with Cr2 N precipitations. Quenching resulted in complete austenization of both steels. The compliance of the austenite lattice parameter obtained from the diffractograms for quenched Cr – Mn – N steel with the parameter predicted from the known concentration dependence for Cr – Mn – N austenitic steels indicated that all alloying elements (including nitrogen) were dissolved in austenite during aging at quenching temperature and fixed in the solid solution by quenching. Study of the mechanical properties of quenched Cr – Mn – N steel has shown a combination of high strength and ductility. It is concluded that by the aluminothermic method a high-nitrogen steel can be obtained, which, by mechanical properties, is not inferior to industrial steel  – analog manufacted by electroslag remelting under nitrogen pressure.
Depositionally-Induced Magnetic Frequency Variations of a Sandstone Facies from the Copper Harbor Conglomerate of the North American, Mid-Continent Rift at Union Bay, Michigan
Authors: Borucki Elizabeth Anne
Published: March 2019

Precambrian sandstones were investigated to determine whether deep-time, fluvial red-beds can maintain magnetic variations related to deposition. Using an easily accessible site on Earth, it is possible to define methods that benefit future studies related to magnetic variations as linked to conditions of formation. The study utilized environmental magnetism and cyclostratigraphic techniques to determine magnetic characteristics and susceptibility variation frequencies. Magnetite and hematite were inferred from laboratory measurements and the magnetic fabric agreed with previous paleocurrent observations, suggestive that susceptibility correlates with deposition. Hematite concentration controlled susceptibility: high-susceptibility corresponded with large grain-sizes and cross-bedding, while low-susceptibility was attributed to small grain-sizes and erosional or color boundaries. A statistically-significant, cyclic, susceptibility signal was observed from the stratigraphy, suggesting that susceptibility variations may arise from climatically-induced variations in depositional or post-depositional processes. The observed frequency also supports the capacity for fluvial red-bed deposits to maintain depositional characteristics original to formational processes.
Twenty Years of Middle School STEM Camps at UW-La Crosse
Authors: Kelly Susan E
Published: March 2019

UW-La Crosse has offered middle school science and mathematics camps for twenty years through a partnership of its College of Science and Health and its Office of Continuing Education and Extension. This paper will give information on the history of the program, overall camp design, specific examples of workshop offerings, and details on the administration of the programs.
2018 WSGC Collegiate Rocketry Competition
Authors: Tollison Chandler R
Published: March 2019

The Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium hosts the Collegiate Rocket Launch Competition every year. The goal of the competition this year was to design and build a rocket to fly to 3000 ft and take a 360Â° photo upon landing. The rocket, Focal Point, used a single external camera that would rotate to achieve a panoramic video. After recovery, the video was stitched into a panoramic photo. Despite several unforeseen challenges on the day of the launch, Focal Point achieved three flights. To reduce weight and achieve an altitude closer to the goal of 3000 ft, six inches of body tube was removed for the final flight. This drastically improved our flight performance. Pioneer Rocketry is very proud to be able to win third place in this competition
NASA Microgravity Solidification Experiments for the International Space Station
Authors: McElderry Justin , Phillips Tristan , Hardyman Micah , Ragan James , Rameshbabu Rahul
Published: March 2019

MMaJIC (Microgravity Materials Joining Investigation Chamber) is a modular experiment environment for performing materials science investigations. MMaJIC provides a controlled and sealed test environment for a wide variety of soldering and brazing experiment to examine porosity in microgravity. MMaJICâ€™s modular cartridge design includes a tray for housing the solder experiments demonstrates simplicity to astronauts. SoLIDD (Solid Liquid Interface Directional Device) is a device that is used to test samples for directional solidification experiments. Directional solidification is the method of controlling the microstructure of materials. Solidification is useful for creating higher strength materials for space casting. SoLIDD has the capability for varying temperature gradient and growth velocity. These quantities utilize heaters, coolers, and a directional drive unit. Two high-resolution cameras capture high-resolution video of both experiments and thermocouples record live-stream temperature data. Both devices are approved by NASA Headquarters to be contracted to the International Space Station for further investigation.
Obtaining a Horizontal Panoramic Image in a High-Power Rocket after Landing
Authors: Lenz Kathryn Elizabeth , Juckem David A. , McDaniel Eric S. , Carter Jens K. , Schumacher Shawn R.
Published: March 2019

During the 2017-2018 Collegiate Rocket Launch (CRL) competition, teams were required to design and construct a high-power rocket meeting certain design criteria. The goals for the 2018 competition were that it would complete a safe flight, reaching as close as possible to the target apogee height of 3,000 feet, as well as take a 360° horizontal image of the surrounding landscape after landing. The UW-Fox Valley team, the Rocketeers, designed a three-inch diameter, thin-walled fiberglass airframe at a final length of 67 inches that completed three safe flights on competition day. In order to get the 360° image, a Raspberry Pi micro-computer was used with a Pi Camera, which took multiple pictures that would be post-processed and stitched together. To orient the camera correctly, three legs were attached to the bottom of the booster section of rocket which were released at the first ejection after apogee. These legs were designed to orient the booster section to land upright. The camera module, located at the top of the booster, would then take multiple pictures of the surrounding landscape.
Diagnostic competence of teachers as a condition for overcoming academic failure of students
Authors: Guruzhapov V.A. , Sanina S.P. , Voronkova I.V. , Shilenkova L.N.
Published: March 2019

The article provides research data on the impact of skills and abilities of teachers in training successful learners. For example, it regards the teacher’s diagnostic competence and its role in overcoming academic failure of students. The article presents the results of scientific research from the United States, Germany, Norway, Russia, etc. We introduce an overview of approaches to definition of diagnostic competence of the teacher. Special attention is paid to the diagnosis of learners’ understanding of educational material. For example, the math illustrates how you can analyze children's reasoning, what you can see and understand from the students ' erroneous decisions. The discussed data show how to build math diagnostic tests that can be used by the teacher of primary school to create his/her own tests. We also introduce the different view on the diagnostics, which is described as aimed at studying and correcting students’ behavior. The case is presented as a tool for development of diagnostic competence of teachers. The described model can be used as a practical guide for building diagnostic action of the teacher in the classroom. An efficient way of teaching students and training teachers with the help of multimedia is described. All the studies analyzed in the article are of great importance for the practice of education, are aimed at the development of diagnostic competence of teachers as a means of overcoming academic failure of students
Изменение подходов к определению результатов деятельности современных организаций
Authors: Федюкович Екатерина Владимировна
Published: April 2019

Показано, что результаты и эффекты, получаемые организациями в процессе осуществления деятельности, зависят от поставленных целей. Рассмотрены подходы к постановке целей. Охарактеризованы этапы развития общества и организаций: изменения организационных структур, ценностей и целей деятельности в соответствии со спиральной динамикой и методологией Ф. Лалу. Определено, что рост, являвшийся традиционным показателем успешности компаний ХХ века, более не мо-жет быть основной целью и ключевым результатом. Предприниматели являются индикаторами общественных изменений, их внимание все больше сосредотачивается на долгосрочных последствиях осуществляемой деятельности в соответствии с парадигмой устойчивого развития. Цветовая характеристика организации влияет на получаемые результаты и способы управления процессами их достижения.
Apresentação
Authors: José da Silva Giovani
Published: March 2019

É com grande satisfação que a revista Fronteiras & Debates, da Unifap (Universidade Federal do Amapá), apresenta na seção Ensino de História dois textos relativos à temática. Um deles, produto do Mestrado Profissional em Ensino de História – ProfHistória – Unifap, revela a qualidade e a excelência do programa de pós-graduação que em 2019 iniciará sua terceira turma. 
A “maior favela fluvial do mundo” nos materiais didáticos de História do Amapá: o ensino da história local do Município Laranjal do Jari (Amazônia Brasileira)
Authors: Pantoja do Nascimento Marília , Estevam Noronha Andrius
Published: March 2019

O município de Laranjal do Jari, o terceiro maior município do estado do Amapá (IBGE: 2016), localizado cerca de 265km da capital, Macapá, frequentemente é estereotipado como “a maior favela fluvial do mundo”. Este discurso é reforçado nos principais materiais didáticos destinado ao ensino de História do Amapá publicados nesta última década como Amapá: vivendo nossa história (2008), escrito por Marcelo André Soares e Maria Emília Brito Rodrigues e História do Amapá: o passado é o espelho do presente (2009), escrito por Paulo Dias Morais. O objetivo deste artigo consiste em problematizar as narrativas referentes formação de Laranjal do Jari nestes materiais didáticos. A partir das problematizações, a relevância deste artigo consiste em contribuir com as reflexões sobre as possibilidades dos usos destes materiais para o ensino de história local.
Experiências com ensino e formação continuada de professores de história em Parintins (Amazonas)
Authors: Omar da Silveira Diego , Bianchezzi Clarice
Published: March 2019

O artigo discute, brevemente, o perfil, a formação e as perspectivas de professores de História da rede estadual de ensino em Parintins, cidade localizada na região do médio-baixo Amazonas, na divisa dos estados do Amazonas e Pará. Nossas reflexões estão articuladas em torno das experiências desenvolvidas ao longo de pouco mais de um ano (2014-2015) em que a Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, por meio de convênio com a Secretaria de Estado de Educação, ofereceu a esses docentes um curso de pós-graduação lato-sensu em Metodologias do Ensino de História e investiga as formas pelas quais essa formação influenciou nas escolhas posteriores destes professores, marcando inclusive o retorno de vários deles à Universidade, em cursos de mestrado e doutorado, e a contribuição da mesma no desenvolvimento dos conteúdos históricos na educação básica.
Educação popular: projetos pedagógicos para a emancipação
Authors: Conceição da Rocha Campos Marcelo , Do Socorro de Brito Paixão Eliana
Published: March 2019

Este trabalho pretende analisar a criação e implementação de projetos pedagógicos que objetivam a manutenção da memória e difusão do pensamento de Paulo Freire, especificamente o projeto Cátedra Paulo Freire da Amazônia, como espaço privilegiado de ensino e pesquisa na busca pela recriação de práticas educativas, numa perspectiva de emancipação humana. Desse modo, intenta-se a investigação do seguinte problema: quais são as matrizes político-filosóficas que fundamentam o projeto Cátedra Paulo Freire da Amazônia, destacando seu processo de criação, objetivos e ações que podem favorecer a emancipação humana? O caminho metodológico delineado foi de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza bibliográfica e documental, que possibilitou não só o debate acerca do método Paulo Freire, como também a compreensão dos pressupostos fundamentais do projeto Cátedra Paulo Freire, principalmente na Amazônia. Os resultados parciais mostram a importância e atualidade do pensamento de Paulo Freire, recriado e implementado por meio das cátedras
Oil and gas potential of the Aldan-Maya depression
Authors: Safronov Alexander F. , Chalaya Olga N. , Zueva Iraida N. , Sivtzev Alexei I.
Published: March 2019

The prospects of oil and gas potential of the Aldan-Maya depression, located in the south-eastern part of the Siberian platform, are considered. The lithological-stratigraphic characteristic of the Riphean-Cambrian section has been given, and the compositional features of the organic matter and its bituminous part have been considered. Based on the analysis of geological development history and the seismic exploration results (2014), the platform part territory of the Aldan-Maya depression along the western border expanded to the middle flow of the Amga River. Three main oil and gas potential reservoirs were separated in the cross section of the depression on base geological and geochemical data. The most prospective areas are the middle flow of the Ingili River (the right inflow of the Maya River), where crystal basement is on the surface (Khabarovsk region), and row anticline structures at adjacent platform part near the Aldan-Amga interfluve of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
According to the seismic exploration data of “Yakutskgeofizika” OJSC (2014-2016), six local low-amplitude structures of submeridional strike were identified: Belkachy, Bilir, Taryng-Elga, South-Bilir, Mil, Taryng. In our opinion the Belkachy local structure located on the western margin of the Aldan-Maya depression could be the most prospective object. In its western pericline, an oil seepage is detected on the surface. In conclusion we suggest at a long-term perspective to prolong research on oil and gas potential of the upper part of the Malgin suite of the Middle Riphean as a prospective area of shale oil and gas.
Generalized law of multiphase filtration and new effects of surface phenomena at two-phase flows in a porous medium
Authors: Maksimov Vyacheslav M.
Published: March 2019

The generalized law of multiphase filtration, which explicitly takes into account the viscous interaction between fluids, capillary and gravitational effects, is analyzed. A special case is considered – a two-phase filtration flow as the basis of the technology of oil reservoirs flooding. A method for determining new material functions – «coupling» phase permeabilities, and their quantitative contribution to the field development indicators is given. A new effect of the dependence of capillary forces on the direction of flow in anisotropic media has been revealed.
ТРЕНДЫ КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ В ПЛОТНОСТИ ГОДИЧНЫХ КОЛЕЦ
Authors: (Svetlana L. Bondarenko) Бондаренко Светлана Леонидовна , (Irina G. Ustinova) Устинова Ирина Георгиевна
Published: March 2019

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью сохранности лесных зон и развития лесной индустрии в целом. Цель: использование многолетних трендов исследуемых характеристик: плотности годичных колец, изменений общего содержания озона в атмосфере и индекса аридности де Мортона для оценки климатических изменений; разложение дендрохронологического сигнала на компоненты, связанные с отдельными факторами. Объекты: временные ряды общего содержания озона в атмосфере, плотность годичных колец и индекс аридности де Мортона. Методы: анализ временных рядов, спектральный сингулярный анализ (метод «Гусеница», F-критерий). Результаты. Был выполнен анализ дендрохронологических и климатических данных в двух численных экспериментах (Data Mining). Это позволило получить информацию для прогноза условий годичного прироста хвойных и связать отдельные компоненты дендрохронологического сигнала с воздействием определенных факторов (температура, осадки, ультрафиолет-B радиация или УФ-В и др.). Использование метода «Гусеница» в сочетании с предварительно выполненным факторным анализом дисперсии дендрохронологических рядов помогает выделить климатическую и УФ-В чувствительную (радиационную) компоненты в отдельные временные ряды. Мы можем использовать полученные компоненты для долгосрочного прогнозирования плотности древесины. Сигналы УФ-B радиации (общего содержания озона) и климатический – для реконструкции и прогноза атмосферных характеристик (общего содержания озона, индекса аридности де Мортона). Уравнения нелинейных трендов максимальной плотности годичных колец, общего содержания озона, индекса аридности де Мортона также позволяют получить достоверный прогноз условий формирования годичных колец и плотности древесины, но на меньший период, так как в них не учитывается цикличность климатических процессов.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ СЕЙСМИЧЕСКИХ МЕТОДОВ ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ ПЕРСПЕКТИВ НЕФТЕГАЗОНОСНОСТИ ОТЛОЖЕНИЙ ПАЛЕОЗОЙСКОГО ФУНДАМЕНТА ЗАПАДНО-СИБИРСКОЙ ПЛИТЫ
Authors: (Aleksandra A. Volkova) Волкова Александра Александровна , (Vitaly P. Merkulov) Меркулов Виталий Павлович
Published: March 2019

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью увеличения сырьевого потенциала месторождений Западной Сибири, приуроченных к доюрским отложениям, с минимальными затратами на дополнительную разведку. Такая возможность связана с резким развитием технологий сейсмической разведки в последние годы. Современная сейсмическая 3D съёмка позволяет прослеживать характерные особенности геологического строения палеозойских отложений, которые было невозможно различить на профильных сейсмических разрезах 2D. Для получения наиболее объективных результатов целесообразно применение комплекса методов, включающих, помимо сейсморазведки, методы геофизических исследований скважин. Цель: выделить перспективные участки для освоения доюрского комплекса по данным сейсморазведки на примере одного из месторождений Томской области, приуроченных к палеозойскому фундаменту Западной Сибири. Объекты: отложения палеозойского фундамента юго-восточной части Западно-Сибирской плиты, характеризующиеся сложным вещественным составом горных пород, складчато-блоковым тектоническим строением, наличием естественной трещиноватости карбонатных коллекторов, порово-каверново-трещиным типом коллектора. Методы: специальный анализ сейсмических атрибутов; сейсмический фациальный анализ; комплексирование сейсмических методов и результатов интерпретации скважинных данных. Результаты. Выполнен анализ пространственного изменения сейсмических атрибутов, на основе которого выделены зоны повышенной трещиноватости и проведена оценка преобладающего направления систем трещин. Применение сейсмофациального анализа позволило выявить приуроченность участков повышенной плотности трещин к породам с улучшенными коллекторскими свойствами. Построенная схема перспектив нефтегазоносности палеозойских отложений на примере одного из месторождений Западной Сибири удовлетворительно согласуется с результатами геофизических исследований скважин и данными лабораторного изучения керна.
ТИПОМОРФИЗМ ПИРИТОВ ОЛЬХОВСКО-ЧИБИЖЕКСКОГО ЗОЛОТОРУДНОГО ПОЛЯ (ВОСТОЧНЫЙ САЯН)
Authors: (Anatoliy Ya. Pshenichkin) Пшеничкин Анатолий Яковлевич , (Roman Yu. Gavrilov) Гаврилов Роман Юрьевич
Published: March 2019

Актуальность работы вызвана необходимостью комплексного минералого-геохимического изучения золоторудных месторождений для создания прогнозно-поисковых моделей рудных объектов. Цель: изучение типоморфных свойств пирита (кристалломорфологии, элементов-примесей, термо-эдс) из разнотемпературных минеральных ассоциаций и генераций рудных тел и околорудных метасоматитов золоторудных месторождений Ольховско-Чибижекского рудного поля. Методы: кристалломорфология, термо-эдс, статистическая обработка геохимических данных, пространственное моделирование типоморфных свойств пирита. Результаты. Типоморфные свойства пирита – кристалломорфология, элементы-примеси, термо-эдс – закономерно изменяются в объёме рудных тел месторождений Ольховско-Чибижекского рудного поля и от ранних высокотемпературных минеральных ассоциаций к заключительным этапам формирования месторождений. Пириты месторождений рудного поля представлены в основном кристаллами кубического габитуса, количество кристаллов которого закономерно уменьшается с запада на восток (и волнообразно с глубиной рудных тел с амплитудой волны 200…240 м) от Лысогорского к Медвежьему и Константиновскому месторождениям. Наибольшая комбинационная устойчивость кристаллов пирита у {100}+{210}, {100}+{210}+{111}, а на Лысогорском месторождении – {100}+{321} (более 50 %), где грань {321} в комбинациях кристаллов слабо развита и характерна для низкотемпературных минеральных ассоциаций и верхних частей рудных тел. Пириты рудных тел месторождений обогащены Ag, Pb, Zn, Pt, As и особенно Au, весьма характерных для многих золоторудных объектов Сибири и других регионов. При этом в пиритах верхних частей рудных зон и надрудных ореолов содержатся повышенные концентрации Ag, Ва, Sb, Hg, а пириты средних частей рудных тел и рудных столбов резко обогащены Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, Bi, Pt, в прикорневых участках и в местах их выклинивания по простиранию и падению в пиритах накапливаются Ni, Cо, U, нередко As. Впервые в пиритах месторождений рудного поля и эфелях Ольховской обогатительной фабрики выявлены повышенные концентрации Pt и Pd. Пириты рудных тел и околорудных метасоматитов месторождений рудного поля имеют преобладающую электронную (Константиновское), электронно-дырочную (Медвежье) или дырочную (Лысогорское) проводимость. С глубиной рудных тел и с запада на восток рудного поля от Лысогорского к Медвежьему и Константиновскому месторождениям закономерно увеличивается электронный тип проводимости пиритов как из продуктивных минеральных ассоциаций, так и из околорудных метасоматитов. На основании выявленных типоморфных признаков пиритов: кристалломорфологии, элементов-примесей и термо-эдс, закономерно изменяющиеся в пространстве и во времени, можно судить об уровне эрозионного среза рудных тел и месторождений, их перспективности на глубину и фланги. Минералогическое картирование по пириту на золото необходимо проводить (в комплексе с другими методами исследования) на всех стадиях геологоразведочных работ.
ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОСТАТОЧНОГО СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ВЫСОКОМОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ ПРИ ПРОМЫСЛОВОЙ ПОДГОТОВКЕ ГАЗА
Authors: (Abubakir A. Ishmurzin) Ишмурзин Абубакир Ахмадуллович , (Rustam A. Makhmutov) Махмутов Рустам Афраильевич , (Ruslan F. Miyassarov) Мияссаров Руслан Фуарисович
Published: March 2019

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью повышения эффективности выделения ценных компонентов из природного газа в промысловых условиях. Существующие технологии подготовки газа газоконденсатных месторождений характеризуются низкой степенью извлечения пропан-бутановой и этановой фракций. Известно, что природные газы валанжинских и ачимовских отложений содержат большое количество необходимых для нефтехимической продукции компонентов. Промысловая подготовка природного газа газоконденсатных месторождений обычно базируется на технологии низкотемпературной сепарации, где извлечение жидких углеводородов из потока газа происходит путем снижения температуры дросселированием с последующим разделением газовой и жидкой фаз в самостоятельных сепараторах. Технология имеет низкий КПД и ограничена зависимостью от высоких давлений. Рассматривается вопрос дооснащения установок комплексной подготовки газа малогабаритным высокопроизводительным оборудованием, обеспечивающим глубокое охлаждение среды и одновременное разделение на компоненты. Цель: теоретическое исследование особенностей высокоскоростных процессов подготовки природного газа, провеcти численный эксперимент, в ходе которого установить влияние основных параметров оборудования на эффективность отделения высокомолекулярных составляющих от метана. Объекты: установки комплексной подготовки газа газоконденсатных месторождений, среднестатистические значения состава газа, критических параметров и производных величин, которые соответствуют условиям северных месторождений. Методы: построение математической модели, учитывающей компонентный состав газа, определение распределения температуры, давления, скорости, плотности и числа Маха газа в высокоскоростном сепараторе с разделением на компоненты. Результаты. Предложена технология получения более низких температур, необходимых для комплексной подготовки газа газоконденсатных месторождений. Она реализована на базе газодинамической высокоскоростной технологии с применением трубки Ранка–Хилша и сопла Лаваля. Установлены расчетные зависимости извлечения пропан-бутановой и этановой фракций от достигаемых низких температур.
ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ КОНТУРНЫХ ДЕТЕКТОРОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ТОЧЕЧНОГО ПОТОКА ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ
Authors: (Alexander I. Kochegurov) Кочегуров Александр Иванович , (Dmitriy V. Dubinin) Дубинин Дмитрий Владимирович , (Viktor Geringer) Виктор Герингер , (Konrad Reif) Конрад Рейф
Published: March 2019

Актуальность. В настоящее время много внимания уделяется созданию эффективных систем, предназначенных для обработки, хранения и передачи больших потоков информации, получаемой в виде изображений пространственно-временных полей в таких областях человеческой деятельности, как космонавтика, геология и геофизика, картография, навигация, дефектоскопия и во многих других. В большинстве этих систем при реализации алгоритмов детектирования в качестве эталонных изображений используются реальные снимки. Например, это характерно для выделения и прослеживания границ отраженных волн на изображениях сейсмических полей, получаемых при поиске нефтяных и газовых месторождений. Представление эталонных изображений в виде реальных снимков позволяет настроить алгоритм на конкретную предметную область, но осложняет оценку качества используемого алгоритма и проведение его объективного сравнения с другими алгоритмами, реализующими подобные процедуры. Цель: исследование эффективности выделения контурного рисунка изображений различными алгоритмами детектирования на основе обобщённого комплексного критерия, предложенного авторами данной работы. Это позволит подойти объективно к выбору наилучшего алгоритма детектирования и подбору оптимальных значений его параметров для любой предметной области. Методы и средства исследования. При проведении экспериментов были использованы методы стохастического моделирования пространственно-временных сигналов и полей. Сам вычислительный эксперимент проводился в среде программного комплекса «КИМ СП». Результаты. Проведен анализ методов оценивания операторов поиска и локализации границ, и обобщены основные типы ошибок. На основе предложенной классификации метрик эффективности работы контурных детекторов рассмотрен обобщённый комплексный критерий оценки качества выделения контурных рисунков в изображениях, показаны возможные составляющие обобщённого показателя качества и формальные подходы к выбору весовых коэффициентов метрик. Приведён пример реализации обобщенного показателя качества, включающего пять метрик, и исследована его эффективность для трех квазиоптимальных алгоритмов оконтуривания («Canny», «Marr» и «ISEF») при различных уровнях шума. Проведенные исследования позволили сделать выводы об объективности полученных результатов и дать рекомендации по применению алгоритмов оконтуривания.
Clinico-pathologic observations of spontaneous hepatic coccidiosis in broiler rabbits maintained in Bannerghatta biological park in Karnataka state of India
Authors: Manjunatha V. , Rout M. , Sujay C.S , Jaisingh N. , Salin Nikitha , Byregowda S.M.
Published: March 2019

The present study reports the clinico-pathologic changes observed in spontaneous hepatic coccidiosis caused by Eimeria stiedae in rabbits at Bannerghatta Biological Park (BBP) in Karnataka state of India. The clinical signs observed in the affected rabbits included sudden death, stunted growth, anorexia, weight loss, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Increased liver enzymes and bilirubin was noticed upon biochemical examination. At necropsy, lesions included grossly enlarged liver (hepatomegaly) with presence of discrete yellowish-white nodules ranging from 1mm to 5mm size throughout the parenchyma containing a thick creamy white fluid. Faecal sample examination demonstrated the presence of Eimeria oocyts. The impression smears from the liver and intestinal mucosa also showed Eimeria oocysts, degenerative changes, necrotic cells and mononuclear cell aggregation to form oocyst granuloma. Histological observation revealed distension of bile duct, hyperplasia of epithelium along with numerous coccidian oocysts at the centre. Granulomatous tissues were observed to have encircled the bile duct with infiltration of inflammatory cells. Microscopic examination of exudates from liver also revealed numerous oocysts of E. stiedae. Multiple areas of coagulative necrosis of hepatic cells surrounded with inflammatory cells were also found.
Pathological description of naturally occurring Mycoplasma bovis associated pneumonia in bovine calves
Authors: Goswami Pankaj , Banga Harmanjit Sing , Mahajan Vishal
Published: March 2019

Mycoplasma bovis is an important etiologic agent of bovine respiratory infection and predominantly causing chronic pneumonic lesion. The present study encompassed standardized pathological, immunohistological and molecular technique for diagnosing natural bovine pneumonic cases with Mycoplasma bovis associated lesions. During the study, examination of 87 carcasses putatively died of pneumonia where Mycoplasma bovis was ascertained in two bovine female calves by immunohistological staining and Polymerase chain reaction. The specific pathological lesions were noted as chronic bronchopneumonia with mild to moderate caseonecrotic lesion and suppurative bronchopneumonia typical of Pasteurella infection. The other bacterial organism associated with these cases was found to be of Pasteurella multocida detected on isolation. No viral etiological association was detected in immunohistological examination in respect of bovine parainfluenza type 3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. The result also revealed that M bovis infection may develop into a severe necrosuppurative bronchopneumonia when associated with high numbers of intralesional organism and into mild catarrhal bronchointerstitial pneumonia when associated with low numbers of organism.
Effect of non-genetic factors on weekly test day milk yield records in Holdeo cattle of marathwada region
Authors: Thorat B.N. , Thombre B.M.
Published: March 2019

The data on weekly test day milk yield of 411 HF x Deoni crossbred having 838 weekly test day milk yield were collected from records maintained at Cattle Cross Breeding Project, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani (Maharashtra) over a period of 38 years (1977 to 2014). The least squares mean of weekly test day milk yield were estimated by considering effect of period of calving, season of calving and age at first calving group. The overall mean weekly test day milk yield varied from 1.35 ± 0.08 kg to 7.52 ± 0.08 kg recorded during 43rd and 6th week, respectively. The period of calving exerted significant (P less tahn 0.01) influence on all 43 weekly test day milk yield. The season of calving had significant (P less than 0.05) influence on WTDY5 to WTDY9, WTDY11 to WTDY13 and WTDY42 and WTDY43. However, non-significant effect observed in WTDY1 to WTDY4, WTDY10 and WTDY14 to WTDY41. The variation due to age at first calving group was significant (P less than 0.01) in WTDY3 to WTDY5 and, non-significant in rest of the weekly test day milk yield.
Effect of acute heat stress on the physiological and reproductive parameters of broiler breeder hens – A study under controlled thermal stress
Authors: Aswathi P.B. , Bhanja S.K. , Kumar Puneet , Shyamkumar T.S. , Mehra Manish , Bhaisare Darshana B , Rath Pradeepta Kumar
Published: March 2019

A study was conducted to find out the effect of thermal stress on the physiological as well as reproductive performances of broiler breeder hens. The birds were exposed to 37±1°C and RH 70% for 6 hours daily for a period of 10 days in the psychrometric chamber (THI >90). In the heat exposed group, body weight gain and feed intake (P lee than 0.05) were negatively affected, whereas water consumption and water:feed intake ratio were much higher during the period of study. Even after 12hrs of heat exposure, surface temperature of feathered regions; neck and back were significantly high (P less than 0.05). The serum cholesterol level in heat treated birds was increasing (P less than 0.05), whereas calcium and phosphorus levelswere showing lower values (P less than 0.05) on the 3rd and 10th day of study. A significant change in serum protein or glucose could not be observed. The reduction in HDEP and internal egg quality parameters like albumen index, Haugh unit score, yolk index etc. were observed in heat exposed hens (P less than 0.01). Higher incidence of blood spots were also noted in eggs laid by heat treated birds. In the present study, it can be concluded that thermal stress at THI>90 for at least 6hrs/day can impart serious damage to various physiological and reproductive performances in broiler breeder hens.
Analysis of beta-casein gene (CSN2) polymorphism in Tharparkar and Frieswal cattle
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Singh Ran Vir , Kumar Adesh , Yadav Jeet Singh
Published: March 2019

A1 and A2 are most frequently observed Beta-Casein variants in dairy cattle. A1 â-casein on digestion releases an opioid, BCM-7 which has been found significantly associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM-1), ischemic heart disease (IHD), autism and including other immune suppression activities in man. Whereas A2 â-casein is devoid of such adverse effects. The present study involved genotyping of 181 cattle of two breeds Viz., Tharparkar and Frieswal for genetic variants A1 and A2 beta casein gene by PCR-RFLP method using DdeI restriction enzyme. The results showed that the A1 and A2 allelic frequency as 0.04 and 0.96 in Tharparkar while in Frieswal (HF x Sahiwal), it was 0.37 and 0.63 respectively. The average genetic diversity (0.47), polymorphism information content (0.35) and effective allele number (1.87) reflected existence of medium genetic variability in tested population. The lower PIC value in Tharparkar cattle (0.073) indicates low genetic diversity whereas; moderate vale (0.35) in Frieswal cattle indicates medium genetic diversity. Higher fixation index value revealed that random mating is being practiced in both populations.
Growth of Apis mellifera (L.) colonies influenced by honey extraction frequencies
Authors: Chaudhary Sumit , Chaudhary O.P. , Anoosha Vadde
Published: March 2019

Present re search was formulated to find out how honey extraction frequencies influence colony growth and honey production of European honey bee Apis mellifera colonies. Colonies were equalized in terms of food and brood before starting experiment and were subjected to three types of honey extraction frequencies namely single, two and regular/ farmer’s practices. Observations were recorded fortnightly throughout the honey flow season for two consecutive years (2014-16). As per present findings single extraction frequency have maximum mean honey area of 668.4 inches2 followed by twice extracted colonies (568.6) with significant difference and regular extraction (449.0) gives least honey. Honey peaks were observed during mid February (837.8-916.8 inches2) which remains significantly higher than honey areas in January and in March. As far as colony growth was concerned colonies with two extractions have high total brood areas of 436.4 inches2 and similar trend was followed in case of larvae, pupae and egg. Effect on pollen stores gave a different picture in contrast of other parameters here colonies with regular extraction were observed with significantly high pollen stores (99.3 inches2) than single extracted colonies (83.7 inches2). For high honey production single extraction was recommended and if colony multiplication was also an aim than twice extraction is best option as per findings.
Molecular epidemiological characteristics of Brucella spp. isolated from human and animal brucellosis
Authors: Gökmen Tülin Güven , Nagiyev Togrul , Aslan Süleyman , Meral Melda , Etiz Pinar , Köksal Akgün Yaman and Fatih
Published: March 2019

Brucellosis is the most common zoonotic disease in the Mediterranean region where Turkey is located. Therefore, particularly in this region, it is crucial to follow molecular surveillance methods for the control and eradication of this disease agent, which threatens both human and animal life. We have conducted a molecular-based surveillance study for detecting the origin of the possible reservoir in human brucellosis and transmission of Brucella spp. between humans and ruminants. For the detection of clonal relationships, we isolated Brucella spp. from human and ruminants diagnosed with brucellosis and evaluated them by PFGE and MLVA methods. We found 10 subclusters in PFGE and 22 subclusters in MLVA-16. Human and ruminant isolates were found to co-exist in MLVA-16-m1 and PFGE-a8, a9, a10 subcluster by both methods. In conclusion, the results revealed that these subcluster isolates that co-exist some ruminant and human isolates can be more effective in infecting humans.
Optimization of operational parameters for mechanised harvesting of pigeon-pea (Cajanus cajan) with combine harvester
Authors: Dogra Baldev , Kumar Dinesh , Dogra Ritu , Singh Inderjit , Manes G.S.
Published: March 2019

Pigeon-pea is very thick and woody stem crop, therefore the harvesting and threshing of this crop is a drudgery and time consuming. At present in India pigeon-pea is harvested manually with sickle and after that the crop is left in the field in the form of heaps for 7-10 days for sun drying. After sun drying the crop is threshed with suitable thresher or beating with stick etc. Lack of mechanization of harvesting and threshing operation is one of the limitations to the increase production and productivity of pigeon-pea. Therefore, the present study was aimed at optimizing operational and crop parameters influencing the mechanized harvesting and threshing of pigeon-pea crop with combine harvester. PAU-881, AL-1856, AL-1817 and AL-1811 of extra-short duration pigeon-pea were selected for the study. The moisture content of crop and grain varied from 38 to 48% and 22 to 25% on wet basis respectively for crop varieties AL-1817 and AL-1811 and it was 48 to 53% and 24 to 27% on wet basis respectively for crop varieties PAU-881 and AL-1856. Concave clearance was kept as 16 mm at front side and 7 mm from rear side. Threshing efficiency was more than 98% at cylinder peripheral speed of 26.61 m/s and 34.85 m/s in all varieties except PAU-881. The percent grain breakage was higher for higher cylinder peripheral speed and lower for higher forward speed. The grain damage was below 1% for 23.85m/s, 26.61 m/s and 34.85 m/s cylinder peripheral speed in all crop varieties except AL-1811. The optimum values of peripheral velocity and forward speed of combine harvester harvesting pigeon-pea were 26.61 m/s and 2.0 km/h for all selected varieties.
How leguminous biomass can increase yield and quality of maize grain in tropical agrosystems
Authors: Aguiar Alana C.F. , Souza Elialdo A. , Cardoso-Silva Anágila J. , Moura Emanoel G.
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil cover with a combination of tree leguminous on increasing grain yield, grain protein content, and maize protein yield. The experiment was conducted with 10 treatments: Leucaena leucocephala + Clitoria fairchildiana + urea (L+C+U); L. leucocephala + Acacia mangium + urea (L+A+U); Gliricidia sepium + C. fairchildiana + urea (G+C+U); G. sepium + A. mangium + urea (G+A+U); L. leucocephala + C. fairchildiana (L+C); L. leucocephala + A. mangium (L+A); G. sepium + C. fairchildiana (G+C); G. sepium + A. mangium (G+A); bare soil with urea (B+U); and a control with bare soil without mineral fertiliser. Differences between G+C+U and B+U, in the agronomic efficiencies, increase in N contents, increase in grain yield. To increase the protein yields in humid regions, leguminous are used to provide nutrients and improve the root environment rather than interacting antagonistically with the crops.
Measuring and assessing the yield loss and yield loss model of green gram due to Anthracnose of green gram (Vigna radiata)
Authors: Mahapatra Sunita , Marak Tanya , Sandham Trina , Das Srikanta
Published: March 2019

Anthracnose of green gram caused by Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus and W.D. Moore occurs severely in Indo- gangetic plains every year. Experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2013 and 2014) to assess yield losses to develop yield loss models. The linear regression models were developed by two parameters i. e. percent yield loss and avoidable yield loss as dependant variable and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) as independent variable. The two years pooled mean revealed that a drop of 0.3 to 0.33 qha-1 in pod yield and a drop of 0.16 to 0.20% in avoidable yield loss of pod yield due to every 1% increase in AUDPC. Three sprays of Propiconazole 25 EC (0.1%) at 10 days interval beginning from 20 days after sowing resulted in lowest anthracnose under moderate disease pressure and four sprays for high disease pressure resulted in highest pod yield of 5.17q/ha and 5.08q/ha respectively. Highest avoidable losses of pod yield and percent yield loss over potential yield due to anthracnose were 48.82% and 3.55% for three sprays and 49.74% and 1.77% for four sprays respectively. The result also showed that three sprays of fungicide (Propiconazole 25 EC @ 0.1%) resulted in minimizing the disease and maximizing the profit by high benefit cost ratio (B:C) ratio.
Optimizing crop geometry and nutrient management for yield, water productivity and economics of kharif groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Joshi Ekta , Sasode D.S. , Sikarwar R.S. , Gupta Varsha , Kasana B.S.
Published: March 2019

An experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2016 and 2017 at College of Agriculture, Gwalior. To optimise plant population and fertility levels an experiment was laid out in split plot design, replicated thrice in
fixed plots and the test variety of the crop groundnut (Mallika) was used. The plant geometry of 30 × 10 cm, 25 × 10 cm and 20 × 10 cm was adopted with three fertility levels as 75, 100 and 125% recommended dose of fertilizers. The yield and
economics were increased by optimization of plant geometry and nutrient management under kharif groundnut. Sowing of crop at 30×10 cm spacing resulted in 7.3 and 4.3 % higher pod yield over 25×10 cm and 20×10 cm spacing, respectively and 3.0 % higher
haulm yield over 25×10 cm. Similarly, application of 125% RDF resulted in 3.0 and 9.3 % higher pod yield over 100% RDF and 75% RDF, respectively but application of 100% RDF resulted in 18.6% higher haulm yield over 75% RDF and was at par with 125 %
RDF application. The highest gross, net returns and B:C ratio was obtained at the spacing of 30×10 cm with 125% RDF.
Physiological response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) at early seedling stage under salt stress conditions
Authors: Mann Anita , Kaur Gurpreet , Kumar Ashwani , Sanwal Satish Kumar , Singh Jogendra , Sharma P.C.
Published: March 2019

Screening of chickpea lines for salt tolerance through seed germination and early seedling growth is crucial for their evaluation. Seeds of 30 chickpea genotypes were germinated on a sand bed irrigated with saline (3, 6, 9, 12 dS/m) and control solutions upto 30 days. At the early seedling stage (25-30 days), germination percentage, chlorophyll content, proline, root length, shoot length and seedling dry weight were found to be affected due to salinity. Salt tolerance index (STI) for plant biomass maintained a significant correlation with chlorophyll, proline, shoot length, and root length, which indicated that these parameters could be used as selection criteria for screening chickpea genotypes against salt stress. Significant differences in shoot length, root length, and seedling dry weight in 30-day-old seedlings were observed among selected chickpea genotypes as well. From the overall observation of germination characterstics and early seedling growth, it is concluded that the chickpea genotypes, HC-1, HC-5, ICC 867, ICC 5003, H-10-41 showed better salt tolerance as compared to the available salt tolerant check variety.
Impact of frontline demonstration programme on the yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Patan District of Gujarat, India
Authors: Kumar Upesh , Patel G.A. , Patel H.P. , Chudhari R.P. , Darji S.S.
Published: March 2019

Front line demonstrations on chickpea were organized in Nayka (Sami), Ranod (Sankeshwar), Kathi (Sami) and Orumana (Sankeshwar) in 2016-17 and 2017-18. The demonstrated technology is improved variety (GJG-3), optimum seed
rate (Kg/ha), seed treatment by fungicide, soil inoculation by bio fungicide along with NPK-liquid consortia bio fertilizer @ 5 lit/ ha, RDF as per STV, water management at critical stages and application of IPM module for the management of insect
(specially on gram pod borer) and diseases (Wilt, dry root rot and collar rot).The results revealed that percentage increase in the yield in demonstrations over farmer practices was 28.57 per cent and 30.28 per cent in year 2016-17 and 2017-18,
respectively. The benefit: cost ratios of chick pea cultivation under improved practices were 3.12 and 2.25 as compared to 2.66 and 1.92 under farmer practices for the two consecutive years.