bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Tannic Acid as Antimicrobial Agent on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using In-vitro Diffusion Method
Authors: Sardjiman  , Rahardjoputro Rolando , Santoso Joko
Published: October 2023

Background: Bacterial infection is a health problem that has long been attention in the world of health. Various antimicrobials have been discovered and developed by researchers to solve pathogenic bacterial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic bacteria that is often of concern to researchers because it has the potential to become resistant to a number of antibiotics. Tannic acid is known to have potential antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. The antibacterial activity of tannic acid is interesting to study considering its great potential as an antimicrobial agent for pathogenic bacterial infections.

Aims: To find out the antibacterial potential of tannic acid compounds against Pseudomonas aeruginosa In-vitro using the disc diffusion method.

Methodology: This research is quantitative research with experimental methods. This research was carried out at the Pharmacy Laboratory of Kusuma Husada Surakarta University, Indonesia between April and May 2023. The sample for this study was a certified bacterial culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 originating from a stock culture from the laboratory. We use certified tannic acid from Merck Millipore. The tannic acid in powder form was dissolved in a 1% DMSO solution. The sample solution containing tannic acid in 1% DMSO was dropped on a Kirby-Bauer disk and placed on an agar plate inoculated with bacteria. One petri dish contains five discs with different samples placed at adequate distances. There were 0.5% tannic acid solution, 1% tannic acid solution, and 2% tannic acid solution, negative control 1% DMSO solution and positive control ciprofloxacin 5 µg/ml. Replication was carried out five times.

Results: Tannic acid with a concentration of 0.5% has an average inhibitory zone of 102 mm. A 1% concentration of tannic acid has an average inhibitory zone of 121 mm. A 2% concentration of tannic acid has an average inhibitory zone of 150 mm. The positive control used, namely the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, obtained an average inhibitory zone of 350 mm. The negative control used, namely 1% DMSO solution, had no inhibitory zone at all. Statistical tests using the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there was a significant difference with a value of p = 0.000.

Conclusion: The tannic acid compound is an active compound that has antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and its application in health can be considered.
Research Status of Metal Bipolar Plate Connection and Deformation Control
Authors: Guo Pengyan , Liu Chengwei , He Cunwu , Feng Jiahao
Published: October 2023

The bipolar plate is one of the core components of the fuel cell. The connection of the bipolar plate and the deformation after connection are important factors affecting the quality of the bipolar plate. In order to improve the performance and service life of the fuel cell, it is necessary to enhance the corrosion resistance of the connection and reduce the deformation of the bipolar plate after connection.
Rancang Bangun dan Pengujian Mesin Pengering Rotari dengan Pemanas dan Penggerak Tenaga Surya pada Pengeringan Jamur Tiram
Authors: Simanjuntak Melvin Emil , Manurung Nelson , Sitorus Melvin B. H. , Turnip Jeremi Gideon , Lumbantoruan Hendry H. , Sutrisno Teng , Siahaan Ian Hardianto , Simanjuntak Janter P.
Published: October 2023

Jamur tiram sudah cukup banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat pada saat ini. Untuk dapat disimpan lebih lama kadar air jamur perlu diturunkan hingga kurang dari 10%. Pengeringan yang banyak digunakan untuk jamur adalah pengeringan surya. Penggunaan pengering rotary dapat mempersingkat waktu pengeringan. Penelitian ini meliputi rancang bangun dan pengujian pengeringan dari mesin pengering rotari yang menggunakan energi surya sebagai pemanas dan penggerak. Hasil rancang bangun memperoleh alat pengering yang dapat beroperasi dengan baik. Ukuran panjang, lebar dan tinggi ruang pengering masing masing 500 mm x 500 mm x 1250 mm dan memiliki 3 drum pemutar. Sel surya untuk menyerap energi matahari untuk memutar drum. Untuk menaikkan temperatur udara pengering digunakan dua buah kolektor surya Sampel jamur dicacah dengan ukuran sekitar 1 cm yang diletakkan dalam drum yang berputar 30 rpm. Setiap drum berisi 400 gr sampel. Kolektor surya yang diletakkan pada arah utara dan selatan. Pengukuran massa dilakukan setiap 30 menit. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan kadar air jamur pada drum 1, 2 dan 3 berkurang masing masing dari sebesar 96,8%, 92,2%, dan 96,7% menjadi masing masing sebesar 7,8%, 1,2% dan 4,7% pada pukul 16,25 di hari II. Kadar air mencapai 10% setelah pengeringan selama 5,5; 4,5 dan 6,5 jam.
Labor Unionization Among Physicians in Training
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed , Li Xiaojuan
Published: October 2023

This study examines the number of unique unions and characteristics of unionization elections among physicians in training in the US.
Critics Say New State “Conscience Laws” Give Physicians Carte Blanche to Refuse Patients
Authors: Rubin Rita
Published: October 2023

This Medical News feature discusses state laws that protect physicians who refuse to provide certain services because of religious or moral beliefs.
Ceftriaxone and the Risk of Ventricular Arrhythmia, Cardiac Arrest, and Death Among Patients Receiving Lansoprazole
Authors: Bai Anthony D. , Wilkinson Amelia , Almufleh Aws , Rai Mandip , Razak Fahad , Verma Amol A. , Srivastava Siddhartha
Published: October 2023

Importance

The combination of ceftriaxone and lansoprazole has been shown to prolong the corrected QT interval on electrocardiogram. However, it is unknown whether this translates to clinically important patient outcomes.

Objective

To compare lansoprazole with another proton pump inhibitor (PPI) during ceftriaxone treatment in terms of risk for ventricular arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, and in-hospital mortality.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A retrospective cohort study including adult medical inpatients receiving ceftriaxone with lansoprazole or another PPI in 13 hospitals in Ontario, Canada, was conducted from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2021.

Exposure

Lansoprazole during ceftriaxone treatment vs other PPIs during ceftriaxone treatment.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was a composite of ventricular arrhythmia or cardiac arrest that occurred after hospital admission. The secondary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Propensity-score weighting was used to adjust for covariates including hospital site, demographic characteristics, comorbidities, risk factors for ventricular arrhythmia, illness severity, admitting diagnoses, and concomitant medications.

Results

Of the 31 152 patients hospitalized on internal medicine wards who were treated with ceftriaxone while receiving a PPI, 16 135 patients (51.8%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 71.7 (16.0) years. The study included 3747 patients in the lansoprazole group and 27 405 patients in the other PPI group. Ventricular arrhythmia or cardiac arrest occurred in 126 patients (3.4%) within the lansoprazole group and 319 patients (1.2%) within the other PPI group. In-hospital mortality occurred in 746 patients (19.9%) within the lansoprazole group and 2762 patients (10.1%) in the other PPI group. After weighting using propensity scores, the adjusted risk difference for the lansoprazole group minus other PPI group was 1.7% (95% CI, 1.1%-2.3%) for ventricular arrhythmia or cardiac arrest and 7.4% (95% CI, 6.1%-8.8%) for in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this cohort study suggest that combination therapy with lansoprazole and ceftriaxone should be avoided. More studies are needed to determine whether these findings could be replicated in other populations and settings.
Life Expectancy After Diagnosis of a Vestibular Schwannoma in Patients 70 Years and Older
Authors: Mistarz Nicole , Reznitsky Martin , Høstmark Karianne , Jakobsen Kathrine Kronberg , Cayé-Thomasen Per , Stangerup Sven-Eric
Published: October 2023

Importance

Over the past decades, the number of patients, especially in the older adult patient group, diagnosed with vestibular schwannoma (VS) has increased. Assuming that older adult patients have more comorbidities, a longer recovery period after surgery, a higher rate of surgical complications, and a higher mortality rate after VS surgery, a treatment strategy for this group of patients is warranted, based on clinical evidence on postsurgical survival.

Objective

To evaluate the survival after diagnosis of a VS in patients 70 years and older, treated with either observation or surgery, and to compare these findings with the life span of an age-matched background population in Denmark.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a retrospective cohort study of 624 patients 70 years and older diagnosed with VS in Denmark from 1976 to 2016. Since 1976, all patients with a VS have been registered in a national database, which contains 3637 patients. Of the included patients in this study, 477 were treated conservatively with the “wait-and-scan” strategy, and 147 were treated surgically with removal of the tumor. The survival of the patients was compared with a matched background population in Denmark. Data analysis was performed from January 1976 to January 2017.

Exposures

Surgery, radiotherapy, or none.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was survival among the patients and compared with the matched background population.

Results

A total of 624 patients were included (317 female patients [50.8%] and 307 male patients [49.2%]). The mean (SD) survival in the observed patients was 9.2 (4.7) years after diagnosis, whereas for the background population, the expected survival was 11 years from the mean age at diagnosis. For the surgically treated patients, the mean (SD) survival was 11.8 (6.6) years, and expected survival was 11 years for the matched background population. The mean (SD) survival was 10.7 (5.5) years in female patients and 8.9 (5.0) years in male patients. There was no significant difference in survival between treatment modalities, irrespective of tumor size.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, survival after diagnosis of a VS in patients 70 years and older was similar in the surgical group compared with the age-matched background population. In the wait-and-scan group, the survival after diagnosis was marginally shorter, which may be associated with increased comorbidity.
Typology on exterior design of townhouses in a World Cultural Heritage Site of a Nepali City
Authors: Hamaoka Asuka , Yamamoto Naohiko , Yoshida Tetsuya , Miyauchi Anri , Masui Masaya , Mukai Yoichi
Published: October 2023

The paper deals with the exterior design of townhouses in an urban block of the eastern part of Bhaktapur in Kathmandu Valley. The primary purpose is to provide an analysis method to determine the typical combination among exterior design components of Nepalese townhouses. By using multiple correspondence analysis and cluster analysis, 118 samples are grouped into 13 clusters. Secondly, all the clustered samples were put onto the original plots on the map to see the characteristics of their locations. Such a process would help a designer/planner reflect on how they should compose a proper facade in reconstruction works of townhouses after the earthquake in 2015.
Effects of various environmental grades on thermal comfort in semi‐outdoor spaces
Authors: Fukawa Yuta , Watanabe Yuyuko , Ogawa Yutaro , Hisayama Ryo , Nomoto Akihisa , Nakano Junta , Nakagawa Jun , Tanabe Shin‐ichi
Published: October 2023

The introduction of semi‐outdoor spaces to urban spaces and offices has increased in recent years. In previous studies, environmental grade has been defined as the level of control for the thermal environment set for an architectural space based on the use, where “semi‐outdoor environment” is an environmental grade division that exists as a gradation between indoors and outdoors. This study aims to clarify effects of various environmental grades on thermal comfort. Field surveys were conducted in five semi‐outdoor spaces in Tokyo from 9 to 25 September 2021, consisting of thermal environment measurement, questionnaires about thermal comfort and impression of surveyed spaces and real‐time sensation voting. By impression evaluation and comparison of the regression curves of standard new effective temperature (SET*) against percentage of “uncomfortably warm,” the surveyed spaces were classified into two categories: “outdoor tendency” and “indoor tendency.” The difference in thermal comfort for the diverse semi‐outdoor environment could be evaluated by the difference in spatial characteristics such as “sense of weight” of the top surface in addition to the difference in environment control. By regression analysis of real‐time sensation voting result using hierarchical Bayesian approach, environmental grade was clarified to affect the correlation between pleasantness/unpleasantness and air velocity.
Groups of experts often differ in their decisions: What are the implications for AI and machine learning? A commentary onNoise: A Flaw in Human Judgment, byKahneman, Sibony, and Sunstein (2021)
Authors: Sleeman Derek H. , Gilhooly Ken
Published: October 2023

Machine Learning systems rely heavily on annotated instances. Such annotations are frequently done by human experts, or by tools developed by experts, and so the central message of this book,Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment(Kahneman, Sibony, and Sunstein 2021) is of considerable importance to AI/Machine Learning community. The core message is that if a number of experts are asked to annotate tasks that involve judgments, these responses will frequently differ. This observation poses a problem for how analysts choose a particular annotated dataset (from the group), or process the set of responses to give a “balanced” response, or whether to reject all the annotated datasets. A further important aspect of this book is the case studies which demonstrate that differences in judgments between fellow experts have been reported in a significant number of disciplines including, business, the law, government, and medicine. Kahneman, Sibony and Sunstein (2021), referred to as KSS subsequently, discuss how Expert Biases can be reduced, but the main focus of this book is a discussion of Noise, that is, differences that often occur between fellow experts, and how Noise can often be reduced. To address the last point KSS have formulated a set of six decision hygiene principles which include the recommendation that complex tasks should be subdivided, and then each subtask should be solved separately. A further principle is that each task should be solved by individual experts before the various judgments are discussed with fellow experts. Effectively, the book being reviewed covers three main topics: First, it reports several motivating studies that show how judgments of fellow experts varied significantly in the pricing of insurance premiums, and in setting the lengths of custodial sentences. These motivating studies very effectively illustrate the central concepts of Judgment, Noise, and Bias; that section also provides definitions of these core concepts and discusses how Noise is often amplified in group meetings. Secondly, the authors provide detailed discussion of further studies, in a variety of domains, which report the levels of disagreement between experts. Thirdly, KSS discusses how to reduce the levels of Noise between experts, as noted above, the authors refer to these as Principles of Noise Hygiene. These three parts are interwoven in a complex way throughout the book; in our view, the best overview of the book is given in the section Review and Conclusions: Taking Noise Seriously (KSS, p. 361).
Systematic Metabolic Profiling of Mice with Sleep‐Deprivation
Authors: Si Qingying , Sun Wenxue , Liang Benhui , Chen Beibei , Meng Junjun , Xie Dadi , Feng Lei , Jiang Pei
Published: October 2023

Adequate sleep is essential for the biological maintenance of physical energy. Lack of sleep can affect thinking, lead to emotional anxiety, reduce immunity, and interfere with endocrine and metabolic processes, leading to disease. Previous studies have focused on long‐term sleep deprivation and the risk of cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. However, systematic metabolomics analyses of blood, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, brown adipose tissue, and fecal granules have not been performed. This study aims to systematically assess the metabolic changes in the target organs caused by sleep deprivation in vivo, to search for differential metabolites and the involved metabolic pathways, to further understand the impact of sleep deprivation on health, and to provide strong evidence for the need for early intervention.
Large‐Scale and Homogenized Strategies of Spent LiFePO4 Recycling: Reconstruction of Targeted Lattice
Authors: Zeng Zihao , Xu Panpan , Li Jiexiang , Yi Chenxing , Zhao Wenqing , Sun Wei , Ji Xiaobo , Yang Yue , Ge Peng
Published: October 2023

Captured by the remarkable environmental/economic value, recycling spent LiFePO4 has attracted numerous attention. However, restricted by diverse failure mechanisms and different particle‐sizes/active‐sites, recycling strategies still suffer from uneven repairing results and poor accessibility. For promoting their application in commercial systems, the uniform physical‐chemical properties are urgent for regenerated samples. Herein, by tailoring oxidation‐reduction manners, the homogeneous cathode materials can be prepared, displaying uniform particle size and restored lattice. The capacity of as‐optimized samples can be kept ≈141.5 mAh g−1 at 1.0 C, and 137 mAh g−1 with a retention of 92% after 300 cycles at 2.0 C. After Kg‐scale experiments, the pouch full‐cell (LFP‐500 vs recovered graphite) delivers ≈4200 mAh capacity, with considerable cycling stability (retention 96.83%, after 500 loops). Importantly, the detailed mechanism of oxidation/reduction‐conditions is investigated, especially their lattice reconstitution and ions‐ diffusion behaviors. Supported by kinetic analysis and DFT calculations, the fascinating stability of LFP‐500 is further proved, mainly derived from the accelerated Li‐diffusion behaviors. Compared to traditional recovering manners, oxidation/reduction process displays low cost, energy‐consumption, and pollution, accompanied with considerable large‐scale application potential. Given this, this work is anticipated to illustrate the in‐depth mechanism of lattice‐reconstruction, while offering significant strategies for large‐scale and homogenized regeneration.
Fabrication of Porous Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon Networks via Polymer‐Assisted Rapid Thermal Annealing
Authors: Pagaduan James Nicolas , Bhardwaj Ayush , McCarty Tailynn Y. , Kraemer Stephan , Kearney Cathal J. , Watkins James J. , Emrick Todd , Katsumata Reika
Published: October 2023

Porous carbon materials have increasingly drawn interest for applications ranging from supercapacitive energy storage to bioengineering. However, a simple and scalable fabrication process of such materials, employing low‐cost chemical compounds without sacrificing morphological and chemical control, remains lacking. Here, a novel, rapid, continuous bottom‐up strategy for synthesizing structurally tunable porous carbon network films on insulating and conductive substrates is reported. By employing rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of a commercial polyacrylonitrile‐based blend, simultaneous phase separation and thermal crosslinking are induced, effectively freezing the structure. Subsequent burning of degradable components generates a porous carbon framework ( ≈ 360 to 700 nm) doped with nitrogen and oxygen atoms. Introducing a boron‐containing reagent in the precursor solution enables boron doping and pore size reduction as small as 20 nm, enhancing materials' performance. The direct fabrication of micro‐supercapacitors on stainless steel substrates is demonstrated, achieving an areal capacitance of 12.7 mF cm−2 at 50 mV s−1, with ≈98% retention after 10 000 charge/discharge cycles. The benefit of boron doping is further highlighted for wound healing applications. Because RTA is already an established industrial method, this platform directly facilitates the synthesis of functional porous heteroatom‐doped carbon structures using commercial polymers and dopants for various applications.
Heterostructured Bimetallic MOF‐on‐MOF Architectures for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Jiang Yuanjuan , Chen Tsung‐Yi , Chen Jeng‐Lung , Liu Ying , Yuan Xiaolu , Yan Jicong , Sun Qi , Xu Zichen , Zhang Daliang , Wang Xiang , Meng Changgong , Guo Xinwen , Ren Limin , Liu Lingmei , Lin Ryan Yeh‐Yung
Published: October 2023

Electron modulation presents a captivating approach to fabricate efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), yet it remains a challenging undertaking. In this study, an effective strategy is proposed to regulate the electronic structure of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) by the construction of MOF‐on‐MOF heterogeneous architectures. As a representative heterogeneous architectures, MOF‐74 on MOF‐274 hybrids are in situ prepared on 3D metal substrates (NiFe alloy foam (NFF)) via a two‐step self‐assembly method, resulting in MOF‐(74 + 274)@NFF. Through a combination of spectroscopic and theory calculation, the successful modulation of the electronic property of MOF‐(74 + 274)@NFF is unveiled. This modulation arises from the phase conjugation of the two MOFs and the synergistic effect of the multimetallic centers (Ni and Fe). Consequently, MOF‐(74 + 274)@NFF exhibits excellent OER activity, displaying ultralow overpotentials of 198 and 223 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in the 1.0 and 0.1 M KOH solutions, respectively. This work paves the way for manipulating the electronic structure of electrocatalysts to enhance their catalytic activity.
Self‐Powered and Self‐Healable Extraocular‐Muscle‐Like Actuator Based on Dielectric Elastomer Actuator and Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Liu Yanze , Yue Shangzhi , Tian Zhongyuan , Zhu Zijuan , Li Yongji , Chen Xiangyu , Wang Zhong Lin , Yu Zhong‐Zhen , Yang Dan
Published: October 2023

Although dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are promising artificial muscles for use as visual prostheses in patients with oculomotor nerve palsy (ONP), high driving voltage coupled with vulnerable compliant electrodes limits their safe long‐term service. Herein, a self‐healable polydimethylsiloxane compliant electrode based on reversible imine bonds and hydrogen bonds is prepared and coated on an acrylic ester film to develop a self‐healable DEA (SDEA), followed by actuation with a high‐output triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) to construct a self‐powered DEA (TENG‐SDEA). Under 135.9 kV mm−1, the SDEA exhibits an elevated actuated strain of 50.6%, comparable to the actuation under DC power. Moreover, the mechanically damaged TENG‐SDEA displays a self‐healing efficiency of over 90% for 10 cycles. The TENG ensures the safe using of TENG‐SDEAs and an extraocular‐muscle‐like actuator with oriented motion ability integrated by several TENG‐SDEAs is constructed. Additionally, the SDEA is directly used as a flexible capacitive sensor for real‐time monitoring of the patient's muscle movement. Accordingly, a medical aid system based on a conjunction of the extraocular‐muscle‐like actuator and a flexible capacitive sensor is manufactured to help the patients suffering from ONP with physical rehabilitation and treatment.
(Hetero)Aryl Fluorosulfates (ArOSO2F): Good Coupling Partners in Transition‐metal‐catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Guan Chenfei , Qi Huijie , Han Linjun , Zhang Guofu , Ding Chengrong
Published: October 2023

(Hetero)Aryl fluorosulfates (ArOSO2F/ArOFs) emerged as a versatile synthon in “click chemistry,” attracting the interest of chemists owing to their extensive applications in fields such as biology, medicine, materials, and polymers. Readily prepared from widely available phenolic compounds in nature, fluorosulfates serve as a economical, efficient, and environmentally friendly alternative to trifluoromethane sulfonates. In recent years, fluorosulfates have attracted research attention as emerging electrophilic reagents in transition‐metal‐catalyzed coupling reactions. The development of a broad range of coupling reactions will considerably expand their applications in interdisciplinary fields. This review summarized the synthesis methods for fluorosulfates and their instances as coupling partners in various transition‐metal‐catalyzed reactions.
Cascading Integration of Electrofermentation and Photosynthesis—Low‐Carbon Biorefinery in Closed Loop Approach
Authors: Sravan Jagiri Shanthi , Hemalatha Manupati , Mohan Sreenivasulu Venkata
Published: October 2023

Single‐chambered electrofermentation (EF) bioreactors are operated using spent wash to evaluate the effect of applied voltage (EF/AV; −0.6 V) against closed‐circuit (EF/CC; 100 Ω) and control (EF/C; no voltage/resistance) operations using deoiled microalgae biomass‐derived biochar electrodes (anode) on increasing acidogenesis rate/efficiency. Higher total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production (mg L−1) is observed in EF/AV (2866), depicting 31% and 57% increments than EF/CC (1984) and EF/C (1224), respectively. The VFA profiles (C2–C4) in EF/AV are higher with acetic/butyric/propionic acids (1922/704/240 mg L−1) and biogas co‐generation [H2 (22%) and CH4 (3%)] than EF/CC and EF/C. The applied voltage (EF/AV) helps in electron flux regulation for increasing substrates conversion and VFA generation. Residual VFA‐rich effluents from EF process is utilized as substrate to mixotrophic microalgae cultivation (nutrient‐ and stress‐phase) that resulted in biomass production with simultaneous wastewater treatment. EF/AV depicts higher biomass growth (0.72 g L−1; 4th day) and substrate removal (63%) than other operations. Integrations of electrofermentation with photosynthetic processes operated with the residual resources in effluents towards product valorization and wastewater polishing, accounts for low‐carbon economy.
The Synergetic Effects of Ru and Al Co‐Doping for Improved Cyclability of LiCoO2 at High Voltages
Authors: Cheng Zhenguo , Ma Xiang , Mou Suwei , Zhang Yi , Wu Fang , Xiang Yong , Zhang Xiaokun
Published: October 2023

LiCoO2 is one of the most extensively deployed cathode materials in commercial lithium‐ion batteries. However, it remains a challenge to fulfill the potential specific capacity of LiCoO2 during long‐term cycling, due to the lattice degradations in deep delithiation states. Herein, a dual doping scheme based on Ru and Al is explored, which improves the cyclability of LiCoO2 at high voltages through synergistically reconfiguring electronic structure and stabilizing lattice structure. It is well known that the doped Al will serve as a strong positively charged center and restrain the lattice distortion. The doping of Ru suppresses the occupied O:2p states below Fermi level and stabilizes oxygen redox during cycling. The proposed dual doping strategy improves the accessible energy density and cyclability of LiCoO2 at increased voltages significantly. For example, the dual doped LiCoO2 performs 19% higher energy density at 4.57 V versus Li+/Li than the pristine one. In addition, an initial capacity of 197 mAh g−1 and 86% capacity retention after 100 cycles are achieved from 3.00 to 4.53 V versus Li+/Li. This study sheds a light on the fundamental principles for the development of high‐voltage LiCoO2 and other layered oxide cathode materials with high energy density and excellent cyclability.
Concerted Mechanism of Carrier Dynamics in Laser‐Excited Fen/(MgO)m(001) Heterostructures from Real‐Time Time‐Dependent DFT
Authors: Shomali Elaheh , Gruner Markus E. , Pentcheva Rossitza
Published: October 2023

Using real‐time time‐dependent density functional theory (RT‐TDDFT), the electronic response of a Fen/(MgO)m(001) (n=1,3,5 and m=3,5,7) metal/insulator heterostructure to an optical excitation is calculated, considering laser frequencies below, near, and above the bandgap of the insulator and two directions of polarization. The spatial redistribution of electronic charge after illumination shows a strong dependence on the frequency and polarization direction of the laser pulse with a similar pattern for all thicknesses. The comparison of the layer‐resolved changes in occupation of the ground‐state orbitals after optical excitation obtained for Fen/(MgO)m(001) and bulk Fe reveals the origin of excited carriers in the heterostructures: In the central and interface Fe layers carriers are excited from states in the vicinity of the Fermi‐level to the conduction band of MgO. Simultaneously, excitations take place from the valence band of MgO to Fe states above the Fermi‐level. This concerted mechanism allows for an effective bidirectional relocation of excited carriers between the metallic and insulating subsystems in heterostructures with a thickness of several nanometers, providing an effective accumulation of hot carriers in the insulating layers, even at photon energies in the vicinity and below the bandgap of bulk MgO.
A Halide‐Based Perovskite CsGeX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) for Optoelectronic and Piezoelectric Applications
Authors: Celestine Lalengmawia , Zosiamliana Renthlei , Gurung Shivraj , Bhandari Shalika Ram , Laref Amel , Abdullaev Sherzod , Rai Dibya Prakash
Published: October 2023

By means of the study of the first principles within the framework of density functional theory, the inorganic metal halide perovskite CsGeX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) is thoroughly investigated for its potential application in the field of green energy harvest. The structural, electronic, optical, mechanical, and piezoelectric properties have been calculated. Herein, the computed electronic properties reveal a direct bandgap semiconducting nature with electronic bandgap E = 2.01, 1.38, and 0.85 eV for X = Cl, Br, and I, respectively. Since the most prominent absorption peak falls within the vis–UV region, this implies that they are the potential candidates for photovoltaic applications. To check and verify the thermal stability, the MD simulation was performed with time steps up to 5 ps. The highest piezoelectric coefficient values are 0.731, 1.829, and 12.48 C m−2 for X = Cl, Br, and I, respectively. The higher piezoelectric responses indicate the signature of the efficient energy materials for energy harvest through electromechanical processes.
Tuning the Valence of MnOx Cathodes Reveals the Universality of the Proton‐Coupled Electrodissolution/Electrodeposition Mechanism in Rechargeable Aqueous Zn Batteries
Authors: Singh Arvinder , Laberty‐Robert Christel , Balland Véronique , Limoges Benoît
Published: October 2023

The charge storage mechanism of manganese oxides (MnOx) in rechargeable mild aqueous Zn batteries is still a matter of debate, with no consensus on mechanism and charge carriers. In this work, this issue is addressed by relying on a quantitative and comparative electrochemical study of low‐valence crystalline MnOx cathodes in a range of aqueous electrolytes, with a primary focus on spinel Mn3O4. The results demonstrate that the oxidation state of Mn in MnOx structures as well as their degree of crystallinity have little impact on the electrochemical reactivity, all MnOx being fully converted into soluble Mn2+ upon discharge. It is further revealed that this electrodissolution mechanism is affected by Mn3O4 dismutation in the most acidic electrolytes. Accordingly, the true thermodynamics and kinetics of Mn3O4 are only accessible at mildly acidic to neutral pHs. In addition, the study confirms the phase transformation of Mn3O4 to Mn5O8 upon galvanostatic oxidation, and demonstrates that this transformation only proceeds in Mn2+‐free electrolytes, since otherwise amorphous MnO2 electrodeposits on top of Mn3O4. Finally, it is concluded that regardless of the starting MnOx material, after the first discharge or a first charge/discharge cycle, subsequent charge/discharge cycles rely on a reversible proton‐coupled electrodeposition of amorphous MnO2.
A directional growth strategy for high layer charge Li/Al‐LDHs to reinforce Li+ extraction in low‐grade salt lake brines
Authors: Chen Jun , Lian Cheng , Yu Jianguo , Lin Sen
Published: October 2023

Novel Li/Al‐LDHs with high layer charges (HCLDHs) were synthesized in the light of the inter‐layer effect on Li+ adsorption. Compared with conventional low‐charge Li/Al‐LDHs (LCLDHs), HCLDHs exhibited a distinct micromorphology characterized by a preferential growth orientation along the c‐axis and a significantly reduced lateral diameter. Adsorption experiments showed that HCLDHs possessed superior Li+ adsorption performance in various brines, specifically with a Li+ adsorption capacity of 9.72 mg/g in Qarhan old brine, surpassing that of LCLDHs by 2 mg/g. All‐around characterizations and finite element analysis calculations uncovered that the reduced lateral dimensions facilitated the exposure of more accessible Li+ adsorption sites, while the high positive charge of the host layers decreased the electrostatic repulsion toward Li+ by attracting anions and increased the surrounding ionic strength. Surface photovoltage (SPV) and x‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) further proved the structural stability of HCLDHs, which ensured the maintenance of a high Li+ adsorption capacity during adsorption–desorption cycles.
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of 1q21.1 copy number variants: A report of 34 new individuals and literature review
Authors: Bourgois Alexia , Bizaoui Varoona , Colson Cindy , Vincent‐Devulder Aline , Molin Arnaud , Gérard Marion , Gruchy Nicolas
Published: October 2023

Recurrent 1q21.1 copy number variants (CNVs) have been associated with a wide spectrum of clinical features, ranging from normal phenotype to moderate intellectual disability, with congenital anomalies and dysmorphic features. They are often inherited from unaffected parents and the pathogenicity is difficult to assess. We describe the phenotypic and genotypic data for 34 probands carrying CNVs in the 1q21.1 chromosome region (24 duplications, 8 deletions and 2 triplications). We also reviewed 89 duplications, 114 deletions and 5 triplications described in the literature, at variable 1q21.1 locations. We aimed to identify the most highly associated clinical features to determine the phenotypic expression in affected individuals. Developmental delay or learning disabilities and neuropsychiatric disorders were common in patients with deletions, duplications and triplications of 1q21.1. Mild dysmorphic features common in these CNVs include a prominent forehead, widely spaced eyes and a broad nose. The CNVs were mostly inherited from apparently unaffected parents. Almost half of the CNVs were distal, overlapping with a common minimal region of 1.2 Mb. We delineated the clinical implications of 1q21.1 CNVs and confirmed that these CNVs are likely pathogenic, although subject to incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. Long‐term follow‐up should be performed to each newly diagnosed case, and prenatal genetic counseling cautiously discussed, as it remains difficult to predict the phenotype in the event of an antenatal diagnosis.
NIAGADS Alzheimer's GenomicsDB: A resource for exploring Alzheimer's disease genetic and genomic knowledge
Authors: Greenfest‐Allen Emily , Valladares Otto , Kuksa Pavel P. , Gangadharan Prabhakaran , Lee Wan‐Ping , Cifello Jeffrey , Katanic Zivadin , Kuzma Amanda B. , Wheeler Nicholas , Bush William S. , Leung Yuk Yee , Schellenberg Gerard , Stoeckert Christian J. , Wang Li‐San
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION

The National Institute on Aging Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Data Storage Site Alzheimer's Genomics Database (GenomicsDB) is a public knowledge base of Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetic datasets and genomic annotations.

METHODS

GenomicsDB uses a custom systems architecture to adopt and enforce rigorous standards that facilitate harmonization of AD‐relevant genome‐wide association study summary statistics datasets with functional annotations, including over 230 million annotated variants from the AD Sequencing Project.

RESULTS

GenomicsDB generates interactive reports compiled from the harmonized datasets and annotations. These reports contextualize AD‐risk associations in a broader functional genomic setting and summarize them in the context of functionally annotated genes and variants.

DISCUSSION

Created to make AD‐genetics knowledge more accessible to AD researchers, the GenomicsDB is designed to guide users unfamiliar with genetic data in not only exploring but also interpreting this ever‐growing volume of data. Scalable and interoperable with other genomics resources using data technology standards, the GenomicsDB can serve as a central hub for research and data analysis on AD and related dementias.

Highlights

The National Institute on Aging Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Data Storage Site (NIAGADS) offers to the public a unique, disease‐centric collection of AD‐relevant GWAS summary statistics datasets.

Interpreting these data is challenging and requires significant bioinformatics expertise to standardize datasets and harmonize them with functional annotations on genome‐wide scales.

The NIAGADS Alzheimer's GenomicsDB helps overcome these challenges by providing a user‐friendly public knowledge base for AD‐relevant genetics that shares harmonized, annotated summary statistics datasets from the NIAGADS repository in an interpretable, easily searchable format.
Core‐Shell Reactor Partitioning Enzyme and Prodrug by ZIF‐8 for NADPH‐Sensitive In Situ Prodrug Activation
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhang Sheng , Shen Zi‐Tao , Hou Ting , Zhao Yi‐Han , Huang Meng‐Sheng , Li Jian , Chen Huan , Hu Peng‐Hui , Luo Zi‐Jiang , Yuan Shuai , Wang Feng‐Min , Li Wei , Shu Chang , Xia Xing‐Hua , Ding Ya
Published: October 2023

Enzyme‐prodrug therapies have shown unique advantages in efficiency, selectivity, and specificity of in vivo prodrug activation. However, precise spatiotemporal control of both the enzyme and its substrate at the target site, preservation of enzyme activity, and in situ substrate depletion due to low prodrug delivery efficiency continue to be great challenges. Here, we propose a novel core–shell reactor partitioning enzyme and prodrug by ZIF‐8, which integrates an enzyme with its substrate and increases the drug loading capacity (DLC) using a prodrug as the building ligand to form a Zn‐prodrug shell. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is immobilized in ZIF‐8, and the antitumor drug dacarbazine (DTIC) is coordinated and deposited in its outer layer with a high DLC of 43.6±0.8 %. With this configuration, a much higher prodrug conversion efficiency of CYP450 (36.5±1.5 %) and lower IC50 value (26.3±2.6 μg/mL) are measured for B16‐F10 cells with a higher NADPH concentration than those of L02 cells and HUVECs. With the tumor targeting ability of hyaluronic acid, this core–shell enzyme reactor shows a high tumor suppression rate of 96.6±1.9 % and provides a simple and versatile strategy for enabling in vivo biocatalysis to be more efficient, selective, and safer.
Enzymatic Upcycling of PET Waste to Calcium Terephthalate for Battery Anodes
Authors: Xue Rui , Qiu Canhao , Zhou Xiaoli , Cheng Yun , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Yi , Schröder Uwe , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Dong Weiliang , Wei Ren , Jiang Min
Published: October 2023

Biotechnological recycling offers a promising solution to address the environmental concerns associated with waste plastics, particularly polyethylene terephthalate (PET), widely utilized in packaging materials and textiles. To advance the development of a bio‐based circular plastic economy, innovative upcycling strategies capable of generating higher‐value products are needed. In this study, we enhanced the enzymatic depolymerization of waste PET by incorporating highly concentrated calcium ions (up to 1 m) to the hydrolytic reaction catalyzed by the best currently known enzyme LCCICCG. The presence of calcium ions not only improved the thermal stability and activity of the biocatalyst but also significantly reduced the consumption of base required to maintain optimal pH levels. Employing optimized conditions at 80 °C for 12 h, we successfully converted ≈84 % of the waste PET (200 g L−1) into solid hydrated calcium terephthalate (CaTP ⋅ 3H2O) as the primary product instead of soluble terephthalate salt. CaTP ⋅ 3H2O was easily purified and employed as a raw material for battery electrode production, exhibiting an initial reversible specific capacity of 164.2 mAh g−1. Through techno‐economic analysis, we conclusively demonstrated that the one‐pot biocatalysis‐based synthesis of CaTP is a superior PET upcycling strategy than the secondary synthesis method employing recycled terephthalic acid.
Cascade Reactions of Aryl‐Substituted Terminal Alkynes Involving in Situ‐Generated α‐Imino Gold Carbenes
Authors: Sun Qiaoying , Hüßler Christopher , Kahle Justin , Mackenroth Alexandra V. , Rudolph Matthias , Krämer Petra , Oeser Thomas , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: October 2023

An efficient, highly selective and divergent synthetic method to construct 2‐substituted indoles and aryl‐annulated carbazoles via the intermolecular generation of α‐imino gold carbenes from terminal alkynes or diynes in combination with sulfilimines is disclosed. Importantly, the tandem reaction is proposed to proceed through an intermolecular gold carbene generation/C−H annulation followed by the activation of a second alkyne leading to 6‐endo‐dig cyclization, which is significantly different from previous dual activation or 1,6‐carbene shift approaches for diyne systems. In the case of ortho‐alkynylaniline as starting material, an unexpected regioselective formation of the indole moiety via the intermolecular path, instead of intramolecular hydroamination was discovered. This reactivity paved the way for a one‐pot synthesis of the 11H‐indolo [3,2‐c] quinoline scaffold by exploiting the formed amino indole for a subsequent Pictet–Spengler reaction with aldehydes. The photophysical properties of the carbazoles indicated good violet‐blue emission with quantum yields up to 40 %.
Guidelines in Practice: Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Speth Jennifer
Published: October 2023

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), a condition involving deep vein thrombosis and embolism, can cause death when left untreated. Hospitalized patients and those who have recently undergone surgery or have a cancer diagnosis are at increased risk for VTE development. The updated AORN “Guideline for prevention of venous thromboembolism” provides perioperative nurses with a variety of evidence‐based recommendations associated with the topic. This article provides an overview of the guideline and discusses recommendations for a VTE protocol, VTE and bleeding risk assessments, pharmacologic and mechanical VTE prophylaxis, postoperative ambulation, and patient and family education. It also includes a scenario that illustrates the importance of the VTE assessment and the use of mechanical prophylaxis for high‐risk patients undergoing operative or other invasive procedures. Perioperative nurses should review the guideline in its entirety and implement recommendations in operative and procedural settings.
N,O‐Codoped Onion‐like Carbon Catalyzed Selective Oxidation of Methanol to Dimethoxymethane: Structure‐Activity Relationship
Authors: Bai Yunli L. , Dai Xueya , Cao Tianlong L. , Qi Wei
Published: October 2023

One‐step synthesis of dimethoxymethane (DMM) via methanol oxidation under the catalysis of nanocarbon is a green and sustainable chemical industrial process. In this work, nitrogen, oxygen codoped onion‐like carbon (NOLC) were prepared via a simple thermal treatment method, which was applied to one‐step synthesis of DMM. The physicochemical characterization results revealed that nitrogen and oxygen elements were successfully introduced into the onion‐like carbon (OLC) catalyst. The proposed NOLC catalysts exhibited DMM selectivity of 75 % at relatively low reaction temperature (150 °C) and long stability over 10 h. In‐situ titration experiments revealed that the carboxylic acid groups on NOLC surface were the main acidic active sites. The Clemmensen reduction control experiment revealed that the carbonyl groups were the active sites for the formation of formaldehyde. The basic reaction kinetics and mechanism such as reaction orders, apparent activation energy and rate determining step etc. for one‐step synthesis of DMM via methanol were studied systematically. The present work shows an important structure‐function relation for designing highly efficient nanocarbon catalyzed methanol conversion reaction system that the appropriate redox/acid intensity on catalyst surface through the modulation of N and O elements would effectively improve the selectivity of DMM.
The Piezoionic Effect: Biomimetic Transduction Mechanism for Sensing, Actuation, Interface, and Energy Harvesting
Authors: Ho Derek
Published: October 2023

The transduction from mechanical to electrical signal or energy, and vice versa, has wide applications spanning wearable electronics, medical devices, human‐machine interfaces, prosthetics, synthetic biology, soft robotics, augmented reality (AR), internet‐of‐things (IoT), smart cities, environmental monitoring, energy conversation, and energy harvesting. Although many biological processes such as those in sensory receptors and cell communication uses ions, much of existing artificial intelligent sensory and processing systems operate based solely on electrons as signal or energy carriers. Therefore, the realization of natively ionic devices can significantly advance the frontiers of both capabilities and applications. This invited paper introduces the piezoionic effect, surveying the historical evolution, scientific description, methodology, application, future outlook, and current debates. This work complements existing ones in that it is an in‐depth analysis of key attributes of the piezoionics field but, unlike a conventional review, does not emphasize the categorization of individual works, though is also provided. This work is also aimed at facilitating the understanding and evaluation of the piezoionics field in terms of its key capabilities, promises, fundamental limitations, technical challenges, and practical applications. Piezoionics as a biomimetic mechanical‐electrical transduction mechanism is expected to grow rapidly. Through in‐depth analysis and working out implications for the future, it is hoped that this paper provides a foundation for further exploration, discussion, and collaboration across different fields. The community looks forward to the piezoionic effect evolving into a mainstream paradigm for the ubiquitous realization of sensors, actuators, interfaces, as well as energy harvesters and beyond.