bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defects vibrations engineering for enhancing interfacial thermal transport in polymer composites
Authors: Zhou Yijie , Ciarla Robert , Boonkird Artittaya , Raza Saqlain , Nguyen Thanh , Zhou Jiawei , Osti Naresh C. , Mamontov Eugene , Jiang Zhang , Zuo Xiaobing , Ranasinghe Jeewan , Hu Weiguo , Scott Brendan , Chen Jihua , Hensley Dale K. , Huang Shengxi , Liu Jun , Li Mingda , Xu Yanfei
Published: January 2025

To push upper boundaries of thermal conductivity in polymer composites, understanding of thermal transport mechanisms is crucial. Despite extensive simulations, systematic experimental investigation on thermal transport in polymer composites is limited. To better understand thermal transport processes, we design polymer composites with perfect fillers (graphite) and defective fillers (graphite oxide), using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a matrix model. Measured thermal conductivities of ~1.38 ± 0.22 W m
−1
K
−1
in PVA/defective filler composites is higher than those of ~0.86 ± 0.21 W m
−1
K
−1
in PVA/perfect filler composites, while measured thermal conductivities in defective fillers are lower than those of perfect fillers. We identify how thermal transport occurs across heterogeneous interfaces. Thermal transport measurements, neutron scattering, quantum mechanical modeling, and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that vibrational coupling between PVA and defective fillers at PVA/filler interfaces enhances thermal conductivity, suggesting that defects in polymer composites improve thermal transport by promoting this vibrational coupling.
Mitochondrial respiratory complex III sustains IL-10 production in activated macrophages and promotes tumor-mediated immune evasion
Authors: Zotta Alessia , Toller-Kawahisa Juliana , Palsson-McDermott Eva M. , O’Carroll Shane M. , Henry Órlaith C. , Day Emily A. , McGettrick Anne F. , Ward Ross W. , Ryan Dylan G. , Watson Mark A. , Brand Martin D. , Runtsch Marah C. , Maitz Kathrin , Lueger Anna , Kargl Julia , Miljkovic Jan L. , Lavelle Ed C. , O’Neill Luke A. J.
Published: January 2025

The cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) limits the immune response and promotes resolution of acute inflammation. Because of its immunosuppressive effects, IL-10 up-regulation is a common feature of tumor progression and metastasis. Recently, IL-10 regulation has been shown to depend on mitochondria and redox-sensitive signals. We have found that Suppressor of site III
Qo
Electron Leak 1.2 (S3QEL 1.2), a specific inhibitor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from mitochondrial complex III, and myxothiazol, a complex III inhibitor, decrease IL-10 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–activated macrophages. IL-10 down-regulation is likely to be mediated by suppression of c-Fos, which is a subunit of activator protein 1 (AP1), a transcription factor required for
IL-10
gene expression. S3QEL 1.2 impairs IL-10 production in vivo after LPS challenge and promotes the survival of mice bearing B16F10 melanoma by lowering tumor growth. Our data identify a link between complex III–dependent ROS generation and IL-10 production in macrophages, the targeting of which could have potential in boosting antitumor immunity.
Dynamic molecular architecture of the synaptonemal complex
Authors: Köhler Simone , Wojcik Michal , Xu Ke , Dernburg Abby F.
Published: January 2025

During meiosis, pairing between homologous chromosomes is stabilized by the assembly of the synaptonemal complex (SC). The SC ensures the formation of crossovers between homologous chromosomes and regulates their distribution. However, how the SC regulates crossover formation remains elusive. We isolated an unusual mutation in
Caenorhabditis elegans
that disrupts crossover interference but not SC assembly. This mutation alters the unique C terminal domain of an essential SC protein, SYP-4, a likely ortholog of the vertebrate SC protein SIX6OS1. We use three-dimensional stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (3D-STORM) to interrogate the molecular architecture of the SC from wild-type and mutant
C. elegans
animals. Using a probabilistic mapping approach to analyze super-resolution image data, we detect changes in the organization of the synaptonemal complex in wild-type animals that coincide with crossover designation. We also found that our
syp-4
mutant perturbs SC architecture. Our findings add to growing evidence that the SC is an active material whose molecular organization contributes to chromosome-wide crossover regulation.
Prefrontal 5α-reductase 2 mediates male-specific acute stress response
Authors: Cadeddu Roberto , Braccagni Giulia , Floris Gabriele , Branca Caterina , Corridori Eleonora , Salviati Sara , Sánchez Pilar , Santovito Luca Spiro , Torres Jesus M. , Ortega Esperanza , Pinna Graziano , Moos Philip J. , Scheggi Simona , Bortolato Marco
Published: January 2025

A key response to acute stress is the increased brain synthesis of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone (AP). Although the rate-limiting step of this reaction is catalyzed by 5α-reductase (5αR), the role of its two primary isoenzymes, 5αR1 and 5αR2, in stress reactivity remains unclear. Here, we found that acute stress led to increased levels of 5αR2, but not 5αR1, in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of male, but not female, rats. Down-regulation of 5αR2 in the mPFC significantly reduced stress response in males, and similar sexual dimorphic effects were observed in a novel line of 5αR2 knockout rats. Notably, 5αR1 regulated baseline AP synthesis, whereas 5αR2 enabled AP production under stress. Acute AP administration restored stress response in 5αR2 knockdown rats. Single-nucleus transcriptomics showed that 5αR2 enabled stress-induced protein translation in neurons and glia. These results highlight the crucial role of 5αR2 in mediating sex-specific differences in acute stress reactivity.
Rock strength controls erosion in tectonically dead landscapes
Authors: Haag Mauricio B. , Schoenbohm Lindsay M. , Wolpert Joshua , Jess Scott , Bierman Paul , Corbett Lee , Sommer Carlos A. , Endrizzi Gabriel
Published: January 2025

Interactions among tectonics, climate, and lithology shape the Earth’s surface. In regions dominated by tectonic quiescence and climate stability, the role of rock strength related to lithology, and its role in landscape evolution, can be most clearly perceived. We leverage these qualities in a unique field site by integrating topographic data, erosion rates, and a large suite of rock strength measurements to quantify the relationship between bedrock strength and erosion rates along a 200-km section of the southeast coast of Brazil where climatic and tectonic variability are minimal. Our findings reveal a 20-fold erosion rate variation best explained by differences in rock strength. We also demonstrate that incorporating lithological strength variability into the analysis of landscape incision substantially improves accuracy, with outcomes that better reproduce natural settings. Our results underscore the crucial role of rock strength in landscape evolution and emphasize the need for field studies to account for lithological variability and thus accurately interpret landscape dynamics.
Class IIa histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor TMP269 suppresses lumpy skin disease virus replication by regulating host lysophosphatidic acid metabolism
Authors: Cheng Pengyuan , Wang Xiangwei , Wang Shasha , Ren Shanhui , Liang Zhengji , Guo Ke , Qu Min , Meng Xuelian , Dou Yongxi , Yin Xiangping , Sun Yuefeng
Published: January 2025

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infection poses a significant threat to global cattle farming. Currently, effective therapeutic agents are lacking. TMP269, a small molecule inhibitor of class IIa histone deacetylase inhibitor, plays a vital role in cancer therapy. In this study, we demonstrated that TMP269 treatment inhibits the early-stage replication of LSDV in a dose-dependent manner. RNA sequencing data revealed that metabolism-related signaling pathways were significantly enriched after LSDV infection. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a key metabolite of the glycerophospholipid pathway, was upregulated following LSDV infection and downregulated after TMP269 treatment. In addition, exogenous LPA promotes LSDV replication by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway and suppressing the host’s innate immune response. Furthermore, treatment with the LPA receptor inhibitor Ki16425 suppressed LSDV replication and promoted the host’s innate immune response. These findings suggest that LSDV infection can induce LPA expression and aid viral activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway and escape of the host’s innate immune response, whereas TMP269 treatment can inhibit LPA production and limit its promotion of LSDV replication. These data identified the antiviral mechanism of TMP269 and a novel mechanism by which LSDV inhibits host innate immune responses, providing insights into the development of new preventive or therapeutic strategies targeting altered metabolic pathways.

IMPORTANCE

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) poses a significant threat to global cattle farming. Owing to insufficient research on LSDV infection, pathogenesis, and immune escape mechanisms, prevention and control methods against LSDV infection are lacking. Here, we found that TMP269, a class IIa histone deacetylase inhibitor, significantly inhibited LSDV replication. We further demonstrated that TMP269 altered LSDV infection-induced host glycerophospholipid metabolism. In addition, TMP269 decreased the accumulation of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a key metabolite in glycerophospholipid metabolism, induced by LSDV infection, and exogenous LPA-promoted LSDV replication by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway and suppressing the host innate immune response. Our findings identified the antiviral mechanism of TMP269 and a novel mechanism by which LSDV manipulates host signaling pathways to promote its replication, offering insights into the development of novel antiviral agents against LSDV infection.
Supplemental Material: Tracing crustal recycling mechanisms using Mo isotopes in high-Mg andesites
Authors: Zeng Yunchuan , al. et
Published: January 2025

Item S1 (details of the analytical methods); Item S2 (comprehensive evaluation of the roles of fractional crystallization and assimilation); Item S3 (spread-sheet Tables S1–S4 presenting new data reported in this study alongside previously published geochemical data used in our figures); and Item S4 (Figs. S1–S3, and all references in the supplemental material). 
Supplemental Material: Dynamic subglacial meltwater history archived in Antarctic subglacial lake sediments
Authors: Campbell Timothy D. , al. et
Published: January 2025

Sediment core descriptions, Kruskal-Wallis summary statistics, and mineral phase content from X-ray diffraction data tables.
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma lacking squamous component arising in rare location: utility ofMAML2genetic testing for diagnosis
Authors: Johnson Mckinzie , Mehrotra Sanjana
Published: January 2025

Salivary gland malignancies are rare, accounting for less than 5% of head and neck cancers. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common salivary gland tumour, predominantly found in the parotid gland. However, it has rarely been reported in the tongue. Histologically, these tumours typically exhibit a combination of mucous, squamous and intermediate cell components. In the 2022 version of the WHO classification of salivary gland tumours,MAML2rearrangement is desirable but not essential for diagnosis. In rare cases, MEC may lack a squamous component, posing diagnostic challenges. In such cases,MAML2rearrangement is crucial for diagnosis. We present a unique case of a man in his 60s with a MEC arising in the tongue with predominantly clear cells and devoid of squamous components. This case emphasises the critical role ofMAML2genetic testing in achieving an accurate diagnosis in rare locations with unusual morphology.
Rare but dangerous cause of non-purulent myopericarditis: a non-typhoidalSalmonellainfection
Authors: Nazarenko Natalia , Singh Nikita , Feldman Daniel , Garcia Mario
Published: January 2025

We present a case of a young man in his early 20s who presented to the hospital with acute onset of central chest pain, preceded by epigastric fullness and diarrhoea 5 days after consuming a meal containing chicken products. Following an extensive evaluation, he was diagnosed withSalmonella-associated myopericarditis. This case aims to raise awareness within the medical community about the cardiac effects ofSalmonellainfection. It emphasises the clinical symptoms observed and offers valuable perspectives on diagnostic methods for this uncommon but potentially fatal cause of myopericarditis. Swift identification and proper treatment are essential for positive outcomes, emphasising the significance of comprehensive care involving various medical disciplines in similar instances.
Pulmonary embolism: a complication of endoscopic variceal treatment
Authors: Diaz Garcia Gerardo , Boppana Leela Krishna Teja , Izzo Christopher , Ashby Tracy , Louis Mariam
Published: January 2025

Gastric varices (GVs) are dilated veins in the stomach submucosa, typically caused by portal hypertension. A prompt diagnosis is needed, given the significant risk of bleeding and mortality. Endoscopic cyanoacrylate injections are widely adopted for treating GV due to their efficacy in preventing rebleeding with lower complication rates. Although rare, cyanoacrylate injections can lead to pulmonary embolism (PE) via the migration of glue through portosystemic shunts or other vascular pathways into the pulmonary circulation. Diagnosing cyanoacrylate glue pulmonary emboli can be challenging due to its radiopaque nature on imaging. We present a case of a male patient in his 50s, with liver cirrhosis who developed a PE following an endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection for an isolated gastric varix. The patient presented with pleuritic chest pain and haemoptysis, and CT chest revealed evidence of glue embolisation material within both lungs. Treatment with supportive care and close monitoring improved and resolved symptoms.
Persistent pain and fever unmasking aortic angiosarcoma at the site of previous endovascular aortic repair
Authors: Zeng Angela , South Anni , Slevin Maeve , Lim Kwang
Published: January 2025

Aortic angiosarcomas are extremely rare and difficult to diagnose. Here, we report a case of persistent pain and fever of unknown origin, culminating in the diagnosis of aortic epithelioid angiosarcoma at the site of a previous Dacron aortic graft.
Isolated, severe cerebellar hypoplasia and microcephaly secondary to congenital cytomegalovirus infection in a late preterm neonate
Authors: Kandarpa Harshita , Reddy Mayuri , Gianneschi Garrett , Fofah Onajovwe
Published: January 2025

This case report presents a late preterm infant diagnosed with severe cerebellar hypoplasia and microcephaly secondary to congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection. Initially suspected to have Dandy-Walker malformation, postnatal MRI revealed significant cerebellar hypoplasia, without other typical cCMV findings. The diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of CMV in serum and urine. The patient was started on valganciclovir for 6 months, and despite the significant cerebellar hypoplasia, the clinical course was benign, with normal respiratory and feeding functions. Physical examination showed microcephaly, hypotonia and partial bilateral hearing loss. Follow-up showed persistent hypotonia but normal developmental progression otherwise. This case is notable for isolated cerebellar hypoplasia without other common cCMV-related radiological abnormalities, highlighting the need for further exploration into the atypical presentations of cCMV.
‘No causative variants found’: an unusual presentation of PAX2-related disorder not detected on rapid whole exome sequencing testing
Authors: Wells Patricia A , Basu Anna P , Yates Laura M
Published: January 2025

Paired box 2 (PAX2)-related disorder, also known as renal coloboma syndrome, is a variably penetrant autosomal dominant condition, associated with renal and ophthalmological abnormalities. We report a child withPAX2-related disorder who presented atypically with acute ataxia on a background of stage 3 chronic kidney disease. Extensive biochemical, radiological and gene agnostic rapid trio exome sequencing was non-diagnostic. Identification of bilateral optic disc colobomas in the proband and his father raised the suspicion of an inheritedPAX2-related disorder. No causative variants were identified on a focused review of the filtered genomic data. Given the strong suspicion of an inherited monogenic disorder, whole genome trio sequencing was requested. Analysis assuming incomplete penetrance identified a paternally inheritedPAX2microdeletion encompassing exon 4. This case adds to evidence of a broaderPAX2-associated phenotype. It highlights the importance of a clinical genetics and mainstream interface when navigating and interpreting genetic testing.
Perceived effectiveness and recommendations from a childbirth quality assurance and improvement programme in India’s private sector: a qualitative evaluation using the RE-AIM framework
Authors: Spigel Lauren , Pallipamula Suranjeen , Chabba Rajat , Jindal Shweta , Usmanova Gulnoza , Bobanski Lauren , Desai Meghna , Divakar Hema , Dutta Sukanya , Gupta Aarushi , Henrich Natalie , Kinjawadekar Sucheta , Kumar Priti , Kumari Priyanka , Mukharya Prerna , Nair Tapas Sadasivan , Pai Hrishikesh , Purandare Ameya , Semrau Katherine , Sridhar Pompy , Marx Delaney Megan , Kumar Somesh
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Previous studies have revealed inconsistent quality of care in India’s private sector, where nearly one in three facility births take place. Manyata is a quality assurance and improvement programme launched in 2016 by the Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Societies of India (FOGSI) that provides training, mentorship and accreditation to private maternity facilities. We aimed to understand participants’ motivations for joining or not joining, the perceived value of Manyata and recommendations for sustainment and scale.

Methods

We aimed to sample 238 Manyata participants for semi-structured, in-depth interviews between February and July 2021. Participants included facility owners, nurses, FOGSI quality assessors, programme implementers and Manyata leaders. Data were coded and analysed using a deductive and inductive process. Codes were mapped to the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework, which we expanded to include scale.

Results

We interviewed 185 programme participants. Maternity facility owners joined Manyata due to its affiliation with FOGSI, encouragement from peers and the desire to standardise care and train their staff. Barriers to joining included cost, unclear value and little motivation to improve practice. Participants most valued Manyata for improving staff competency, quality of care, standardised care processes and staff satisfaction. Participants felt that continuous training, mentorship and quality assurance would be necessary to maintain Manyata over time, and Manyata could and should be scaled across India and to other countries.

Conclusion

Strategies for engaging with the private sector should include building strategic partnerships and messaging a value proposition that emphasises training, standardised care processes and improved quality of care. A blended virtual and in-person model may be leveraged for ongoing training and quality assurance and to scale across contexts. Our evaluation of Manyata distills tangible lessons that policymakers, professional societies and public health practitioners can use to bridge the quality gap in their own private-sector maternity systems.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare workers towards COVID-19 in three states of Nigeria in 2022
Authors: Okonkwo Rita , Okunoye Olumide , Oyedele Oyewole , Edun Martin , Ezenwelu Ugochi , Aminu-Alhaji Asmau , Jedy-Agba Elima , Kombu Aondoakura , Attah Timothy , Jumare Jibreel , Andrew Nifarta , Enwerem Kenneth , Osawe Sophia , Ejeh Victor , Udioh Michaela , Okah-Avae Okame , Obak Elonna , Akanbi Olusola Anuoluwapo , Okoli Mary , Iriemenam Nnaemeka C , Abimiku Alash’le , Okoye McPaul
Published: January 2025

Background

Knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 can directly impact healthcare workers’ (HCWs) services and efforts to contain the spread of the disease. This study assessed KAP towards COVID-19 among HCWs (laboratorians, doctors, nurses and pharmacists) in Nigeria from August to December 2022.

Method

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 1341 HCWs (laboratorians, doctors, nurses and pharmacists) in 7 healthcare facilities across 3 states in Nigeria. HCWs were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire including sociodemographic and health information, and KAP sections was administered to participants. Using Bloom’s cut-off, percentages of correct responses to KAP questions were grouped as either satisfactory (≥80%) or unsatisfactory (<80%). Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association between HCWs’ cadre and satisfactory KAP.

Results

The proportions of HCW with satisfactory KAP were 64.5%, 51.2% and 5.3%, respectively. Laboratorians had the lowest satisfactory KAP scores (59.4%, 45.9% and 2.0%). There was a weak linear relationship between knowledge and practice (r=0.1, p:0.03), knowledge and attitude (r=0.2, p<0.001), and attitude and practice scores (r=0.20, p<0.001). 6–10 years of practice increased HCWs’ odds of satisfactory knowledge (p=0.049). HCWs’ cadre was not significantly associated with knowledge and practice towards COVID-19 (P>.05). However, nurses compared to laboratorians had higher odds of satisfactory attitude (p:0.033). Socio-demographic factors associated with satisfactory attitude towards COVID-19 were age group, gender, marital status, vaccination status, and satisfactory knowledge (p<.05). Satisfactory attitude and marital status were associated with satisfactory practice (p<.05).

Conclusion

There are gaps in the practice of COVID-19 prevention among HCWs in Nigeria. Additional exploration is needed to understand the challenges of implementing safety protocols across cadres, particularly among laboratorians, to better handle future health emergencies. This study highlights the implementation strategies that include education and training, provision of personal protective equipment and clear guidelines for implementation of infection prevention and control practices.
Perceptions and reflections of embryo donation recipients: a qualitative follow-up study
Authors: Salari Salomeh , El-Gayar Mona , Lee Seungho , Mangels Joshua , Flyckt Rebecca , Madeira Jody , Klock Susan , Lindheim Steven R
Published: January 2025

Objective

Cross-sectional quantitative data from donor embryo recipients suggest children conceived through embryo donation are psychosocially well adjusted with healthy parent–child relationships. This study delves deeper into this topic using a qualitative grounded theory approach to capture recipients’ experiences and perceptions regarding family-building through embryo donation.

Methods

This was a national qualitative study conducted via semistructured phone interviews. Interviews were self-nominated and composed of 25 open-ended questions. Interviews were transcribed using Temi software and coding was conducted in accordance with grounded theory methodology by five independent researchers to identify themes.Participants came from three embryo donation programmes across the USA. 28 participants, with an average age of 48 years (range: 34–69), volunteered to participate in interviews from a larger subject group. This previous group was a cross-sectional, survey-based study of psychosocial outcomes of children born via embryo donation. The majority of patients (92%) identified as Christian/Catholic.Themes were identified in participants’ responses to questions regarding general perceptions of embryo donation, decision-making process, disclosure and children’s psychosocial adjustment.

Results

Of the 118 participants from the quantitative survey-based study who volunteered for this qualitative study, 28 individuals (24%) participated in the phone interview before thematic saturation was reached. The main themes identified include a desire to use existing embryos efficiently; religious frameworks encouraging maximal embryo use; satisfaction with and enthusiasm for embryo donation; lack of concern regarding child social adjustment and willingness to disclose donor embryo use to others.

Conclusion

This qualitative study’s findings affirm that participants find conceiving a child through embryo donation highly satisfying and rewarding, experiencing minimal adverse events or regrets. As respondents identified largely as Christian/Catholic, further studies are warranted to assess the perceptions of a more diverse and generalisable population of recipients and children born via embryo donation.
Impact of family childhood adversity on risk of violence and involvement with police in adolescence: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Adjei Nicholas Kofi , Jonsson Kenisha Russell , Opoku-Ware Jones , Yaya Sanni , Chen Yanhua , Bennett Davara , McGovern Ruth , Munford Luke , Black Michelle , Taylor-Robinson David
Published: January 2025

Background

Childhood adversities, such as exposure to parental mental illness, domestic violence and abuse, substance use, and family poverty, have been linked to involvement in violence in early adulthood. However, evidence on the cumulative impact of multiple adversities throughout childhood on violence and crime in adolescence remains scarce. This study investigates the associations between trajectories of family adversity and poverty during childhood, and the risk of involvement in violence and contact with police in adolescence.

Methods

We used longitudinal data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study on 9316 children. Exposure trajectories of family adversities and poverty were characterised (from ages 0–14 years) using group-based multi-trajectory models. The outcomes were weapon involvement, for example, carrying a knife, and police contact measured at age 17 years. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR, 95% CI) and population attributable fractions were estimated using logistic regression models, adjusting for confounding factors.

Results

The prevalence of weapon involvement and contact with police at age 17 years were 6.1% and 20.0%, respectively. Compared with children who experienced low poverty and family adversity throughout childhood, those exposed to persistent poverty and poor parental mental health were at notably increased risk of carrying weapons (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.2, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.6) and reporting contact with police (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.8). We estimate that about 32% of weapon involvement and 23% of contact with police at age 17 were attributable to persistent poverty and family adversity.

Conclusion

Exposure to poverty and poor parental mental health throughout childhood doubles the risk of weapon involvement and police contact in early adulthood. These findings emphasise the importance of lifecourse and anti-poverty approaches to reducing involvement in crime in the UK.
Transversus abdominis plane block combined with intrathecal fentanyl versus intrathecal morphine for post-cesarean analgesia: a randomized non-inferiority clinical trial
Authors: Park Sun-Kyung , Kim Youngwon , Kim Hansol , Kim Jin-Tae
Published: January 2025

Background

Intrathecal morphine is the standard for post-cesarean analgesia but often causes pruritus and may be unavailable in resource-limited settings. This study assessed whether a combination of bilateral transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and intrathecal fentanyl provides non-inferior analgesia compared with intrathecal morphine following cesarean delivery within the multimodal analgesia context.

Methods

Eighty mothers were randomized to receive either intrathecal fentanyl 10 µg with bilateral TAP block using 15 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine per side (TF group) or intrathecal morphine 75 µg with a saline sham block (M group). All patients received standard multimodal analgesia. Primary outcome was pain score with movement at 24 hours postoperatively, with a non-inferiority margin of 1 on the numeric rating scale. Secondary outcomes included opioid consumption, time to first opioid, pruritus, nausea/vomiting, patient satisfaction, and neonatal outcomes.

Results

The mean pain score with movement at 24 hours was 5.4 in the TF group and 4.8 in the M group (mean difference (95% CI), 0.6 (−0.3 to 1.5), p=0.202), with the upper margin of 95% CI exceeding the non-inferior margin. Postoperative fentanyl consumption was higher in the TF group (median (IQR), 585 (390–745) vs 140 (55–405) µg; p<0.001). Pruritus was more frequent in the M group (60% vs 10%; p<0.001).

Conclusions

Bilateral TAP block with intrathecal fentanyl is not non-inferior to intrathecal morphine for post-cesarean analgesia. However, intrathecal morphine was associated with a higher incidence of pruritus, suggesting TAP block with intrathecal fentanyl as a suitable alternative when reducing pruritus is a priority.

Trial registration number

NCT04824274.
Analysis of arrival directions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays via the minimum of the observed distribution width in equatorial coordinates
Authors: Ivanov A. A.
Published: January 2025

The Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) team recently reported the large-scale anisotropy of cosmic rays detected in the energy range above 8 EeV ([Formula: see text] eV). In this paper, the same phenomenon is studied using a different method applied to the data from the Yakutsk array and to the subset of open-access EAS events provided by the PAO collaboration. As a result, the present observation of the single separable source of cosmic rays is confirmed by the independent method, and additional possibilities appear for in-depth analysis of the anisotropy details in subsequent investigations.
Nano-bioremediation, a new approach to degrade veterinary antibiotics from environment
Authors: Gautam Megha , Nimesh Surendra , Sharma Charu , Gupta Nidhi
Published: January 2025

Nano-bioremediation is an interdisciplinary approach that includes nanotechnology and bioremediation. This process has emerged as a potential solution for diminishing the harmful effect of pharmaceuticals from soil. Overuse of these antibiotics in animal husbandry has led to their accumulation in soil, posing risks to environment and humans. This review provides a concise overview about the present scenario of nano-bioremediation research in the context of veterinary drug detected from soil, also the mechanism and efficacy of nanoparticle-based remediation methods compared to traditional methods. The key areas such as metal-based photolysis, catalytic green chemistry and green nanotechnology are also explored in detail, highlighting their specific mechanisms for antibiotic degradation. The review also emphasizes the toxic effects of veterinary antibiotics on soil, plants, animals and humans, underscoring the benefits of nano-bioremediation over conventional methods. Nanoparticles are prepared in a manner so that they can efficiently absorb, degrade, or metabolize the veterinary drugs present in the soil. Bioremediation along with nanotechnology increases the potential of microorganisms to degrade toxic micropollutants into simple byproducts. Using nano-bioremediation technique, it was observed that the concentration of veterinary antibiotics was substantially reduced. The collegial work of nanoparticles and microbial actions significantly increase the complete degradation efficiency, making nano-bioremediation a promising green technology for soil remediation.
Regulatory Disruptions in the Indian Telecommunication Industry
Authors: Mishra Pankaj , Singh Netra Pal , Farooq Ayesha
Published: January 2025

The dimensions of technology-led, business model-led, and services or product-led disruptions are well established. However, scant literature considers regulatory actions and assesses their disruptiveness. Using the definition of disruption from Kilkki et al. [ 2018 ], this paper proposes a “Disruption Assessment Framework” for assessing the disruptiveness of regulation. The “Disruption Assessment Framework” considers measures related to redesigning of survival strategies of existing agents and the percentage of the agents in an ecosystem that are disrupted. Using the Disruption Assessment Framework, the authors analyze the disruptiveness of four key regulatory actions from the telecommunications industry in India. The creation of TRAI, the introduction of Calling Party Pay, the permission to use Wireless in a local loop, and the issuance of a 2G license in 2008 are found disruptive. The study reveals that regulatory actions can be disruptive and may negatively impact the market, unlike technology-based innovations. Contrary to regulatory objectives, disruptions due to regulations may impact market and consumer welfare negatively. This paper is a novel attempt to analyze the disruptiveness of regulatory initiatives taken in the telecommunications industry in India. Findings from this study can be incorporated into the regulatory impact analysis and regulatory consultation process to identify risk from regulatory disruption ex-ante.
The Role of Nanoparticles in Enhancing Preservation, Antimicrobial Protection and Packaging Innovations
Authors: Mahmud Md. Zobair Al
Published: January 2025

In the pursuit of ensuring global food security, enhancing food safety has emerged as a critical endeavor. Nanotechnology, with its multifaceted applications, has demonstrated significant potential in revolutionizing food safety measures. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the utilization of nanoparticles to enhance food safety across various dimensions. The antimicrobial activities of nanoparticles stand out as a promising approach to combat foodborne pathogens. Their unique physicochemical properties enable targeted and effective antimicrobial actions, mitigating microbial contamination in food products. This review delves into the diverse types of nanoparticles employed, highlighting their mode of action and outcomes in different food matrices. Another pivotal facet explored herein is the incorporation of nanoparticles in food packaging materials. This innovation addresses challenges related to shelf life extension and preservation of food quality. By imparting barrier properties, nanoparticles prevent the permeation of gases and moisture, thereby retarding spoilage and maintaining product freshness. Preservation of food quality, a paramount concern in the food industry, is also tackled within this discourse. The potential of nanoparticles to enhance sensory attributes, nutrient retention and texture of food products is elucidated. The review also contemplates future directions and research gaps in the realm of nanoparticle-based food safety strategies.
Transpressional inversion and fold superimposition in the southern Eastern Desert of Egypt, East African Orogenic Belt
Authors: Abd El-Wahed Mohamed , Attia Mohamed
Published: January 2025

Transpressional deformation had a key role during the Neoproterozoic development of the East African Orogenic Belt and the Arabian–Nubian Shield. This study examined the folding structures in the Kharit Shear Zone (KSZ) in the southern Eastern Desert of Egypt. We investigated the relationship between the development of large-scale folds and the mechanism of transpressional inversion within the KSZ. Structural analysis showed the occurrence of extensive folds formed through three generations of folding and their associated fabrics. The F1 folds developed during an early phase of north–south shortening, whereas the F2 folds, distinguished by their overturned and doubly plunging forms, are associated with dextral transpressional deformation along the KSZ. The subsequent F3 folds, by contrast, are indicative of sinistral transpressional shearing, implying a transpressional inversion that evolved from pure shear to increasingly intricate patterns of fold interference throughout the shear zone. Regionally, the interference pattern changes from west to east, transitioning from lobate-cuspate shapes to mushroom shapes and then to crescent shapes. The refolding of map-scale NE-trending folds by NW- and WNW-trending folds led to the formation of this fold interference structure. Transpressional shear systems rework and reactivate rocks along opposing kinematic planes. This shear sense reversal emerged from the oblique convergence of East and West Gondwana, coinciding with the activity of the Najd fault system between 620 and 540 Ma.
Using hydrogeological data to characterize regional Chalk flow processes in East Kent
Authors: Morgan-Jones William
Published: January 2025

The Chalk of southern England is known to be a dual porosity - dual permeability porous medium, with a very low permeability and high porosity matrix. It has a fracture system providing the transmissivity and a low unconfined storage coefficient of up to 2%.

Conceptualization of regional aquifers is carried out to support regional modelling studies. In such studies, observation well piezometry is of primary importance in understanding the hydrogeology of an area. While flow gauging provides an understanding of surface water responses, observation wells provide spatial detail of the groundwater response within each catchment.

During review of the Environment Agency's East Kent Chalk groundwater model, geomorphological and hydrogeological data were used to characterize the area in two zones; the primary and secondary dip slopes, in the first part of this paper.

The second part of the paper considers quality control and classification of the piezometry responses with respect to permanent and ephemeral Chalk streams and the Chalk escarpment.

The third part of the paper looks at an analysis of lag between rainfall and recharge to the water table. This analysis can help to understand processes in the unsaturated zone and aid their incorporation into groundwater models.
State of Charge Estimation Based on Improved AILS-CSO Parameter Identification Algorithm
Authors: Li Chengdong , Tian Xu , Liu Shuang , Sun Weihao , Jin Jianying , Xu Fei
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces an adaptive inertial local search-cat-swarm optimization algorithm. The identification of parameters and estimation of charge state for lithium power batteries under diverse operational conditions were undertaken. In this approach, the equivalent circuit model of lithium power batteries is constructed using a second-order RC equivalent circuit model. Then, the cat swarm optimization algorithm is augmented with an adaptive adjustment algorithm for the inertial weight, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the identified battery parameters. Subsequently, the estimated voltage is then compared with the actual voltage in order to validate the feasibility of the algorithm. The root mean square error (RMSE) is less than 0.56%, and the maximum absolute error is 0.116 V. In conclusion, the state of charge of lithium batteries is estimated online under disparate working conditions via the integration of the extended Kalman filter algorithm, and a comparison is conducted. The maximum error is less than 1.74%, and the RMSE is less than 0.5%, indicating that the algorithm exhibits superior stability and estimation accuracy compared to the traditional recursive least squares method.
Lithium Extraction by Electrodialysis: Effect of Co-Occurring Ions for Application in Brine Processing
Authors: Botelho Junior Amilton Barbosa , Abels Kristen , Espinosa Denise Crocce Romano , Tarpeh William A.
Published: January 2025

Lithium (Li) is considered a critical material because of growing Li-ion battery demand and 90% of global production occurring in Australia, Chile, and China. Li-ion (Li+) extraction from brine uses large areas for evaporation and precipitation. Membrane separation can extract lithium with minimal water losses. However, the effect of brine composition on Li+ transport across different commercial membranes in electrodialysis (ED) separations remains a pressing knowledge gap. This study aimed to evaluate co-occurring ion effects (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+) on ED Li+ extraction using different commercial membranes. Li+ extraction performance was evaluated for varying current densities in binary solutions using a single-stack ED cell comprised of a standard anion exchange membrane and either a standard cation exchange (CEM), monovalent-selective CEM, or nanofiltration (NF) membrane. Li+ selectivities were highest for the monovalent-selective CEM, followed by NF and then standard CEM. Monovalent contaminants remain an extant challenge for Li+ extraction using all membranes tested. Selectivity factors for Li+ over divalent cations reached 6.8 (SLi/Mg) and 56.7 (SLi/Ca) at 2.8 mA cm−2 for the monovalent-selective CEM. These divalent separation factors were achieved without Ca precipitation/fouling; Li+/Mg2+ and Li+/Ca2+ ratios increased from 0.5 in the feed (for both ions) to 5.0 and 3.5 in the permeate.
Enhancing the Performance of Nanocrystalline Nickel Cathodes via Electrodeposition for Use in Ni-Zn Batteries: Morphological and Crystallographic Structure Optimization
Authors: Shajirati Saeid , Nasirpouri Farzad , Farmani Amirali , Jafari-Foruzin Leila
Published: January 2025

Rechargeable Ni-Zn batteries are gaining interest owing to their adequate performance for achieving net-zero carbon goals, low cost, and safety. However, the nickel electrodes still face significant challenges due to its limited stability and low capacity. This study investigates the development and comparison of different nickel morphologies produced by electrodeposition techniques. Ni nanocrystalline coatings with different surface morphologies were successfully electrodeposited using direct (DC), pulsed (PC), and pulsed reverse (PRC) current techniques and their physical and electrochemical properties of were investigated. Notably, the electrodeposition method significantly impacted the morphology and electrochemical performance of the prepared Ni coatings. Among the obtained structures, the PRC-deposited coating displayed a unique nano-rod like morphology, exceptional uniformity, highest surface oxygen content (61.51%), and lowest surface roughness (5.12 nm). Furthermore, electrochemical measurements revealed that this structure possesses the lowest coating resistance (459.6 Ω.cm−1), minimal corrosion potential (5 mV vs SCE), enhanced oxidation/reduction peaks, the longest charge/discharge time, and highest discharge (26.2 mF.cm−2) areal capacity. These findings suggest that the Ni nanorod structure exhibits superior surface and electrochemical properties. This work offers valuable insights into how morphology and structure affect the electrochemical performance and capacity of nickel electrodes, advancing battery technologies.
Porous Interlayers that Getter Surface-Segregating Species for Improved Silver Wetting, Adhesion, and Electrical Contact on Stainless Steel SOFC Components
Authors: Hu Genzhi , Hogan Timothy P. , Nicholas Jason D.
Published: January 2025

Here, porous nickel interlayers or porous platinum interlayers were shown to promote the wetting, spreading, and adhesion of silver on alumina-forming ferritic stainless steel (AFFSS) and chromia-forming ferritic stainless steel (CFFSS). These interlayers resulted in dense, crack-free AFFSS|Ag-Ni|CFFSS and AFFSS|Ag-Pt|CFFSS braze joints that, after 300 h in 650 °C air, displayed shear strengths up to 70 MPa similar to, or larger than, those of AFFSS|Ag-CuO|CFFSS or AFFSS|Ag|CFFSS joints subjected to identical treatment. Similarly, after exposure to 25 cycles of (50 switches between) 12 h of 650 °C air and 12 h of 650 °C 4%H2–96%N2, AFFSS|Ag-Ni|CFFSS and AFFSS|Ag-Pt|CFFSS braze joints displayed shear strengths significantly larger than those of AFFSS|Ag-CuO|CFFSS or AFFSS|Ag|CFFSS joints subjected to identical treatment. In addition, nickel and platinum were found to chemically getter surface-segregating steel constituents, particularly Al from the AFFSS. As a result, Ag-Ni and Ag-Pt electrical contact resistances on AFFSS and CFFSS substrates were several orders of magnitude lower than those of conventional Ag-CuO reactive air brazes or Heraeus C8710 Ag contact pastes. Together, these results suggest that Ag-Pt and especially Ag-Ni may be useful for the fabrication of durable joints, seals, and/or electrical contacts in electrical/electrochemical devices exposed to high temperatures and/or variable oxygen partial pressure environments.
Sargassum plagiophyllum Ethanolic Extract Enhances Wound Healing by Modulating FAK/Src/Akt/p38 and Rac1 Signaling in Keratinocytes HaCaT Cells
Authors: Moolsup Furoida , Sukketsiri Wanida , Sianglum Wipawadee , Saetan Jirawat , Khumpirapang Nattakanwadee , Tanasawet Supita
Published: January 2025

Recently, seaweed extracts have been found to have potential in skin benefits. This study, therefore, aimed to explore phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and wound healing properties of brown seaweed Sargassum plagiophyllym ethanolic extract (SPEE) on human skin keratinocyte HaCaT cells and the possible mechanism involved. Our results indicated that SPEE contained flavonoid, phenolic, and carotenoid as the major active constituents. The HPLC chromatogram revealed C‐phycocyanin and fucoidan presented in SPEE. SPEE demonstrated the antioxidant capability and significantly reduced wound space at 24 and 48 h in wound‐healing assay. Treatment with SPEE (50 and 100 μg/mL) increased FAK and Src phosphorylation in western blotting. Moreover, SPEE also upregulated Akt and p38 MAPK phosphorylation but not ERK1/2. SPEE increased Rac1 protein expression. Interestingly, hyaluronan synthase (HAS1 and HAS2) as well as collagen type I and elastin were also significantly upregulated when compared with the control upon exposure to SPEE. In conclusion, our data suggested that SPEE promotes cutaneous wound healing by regulating FAK/Src‐mediated Akt, p38 MAPK, and Rac1 signaling. These findings suggest the potential use of SPEE for skin wound treatment.