bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A critical role for the long non‐coding RNA GAS5 in proliferation and apoptosis in non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Shi Xuefei , Sun Ming , Liu Hongbing , Yao Yanwen , Kong Rong , Chen Fangfang , Song Yong
Published: December 2013

In more recent years, long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been investigated as a new class of regulators of cellular processes, such as cell growth, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. Although lncRNAs are dysregulated in numerous cancer types, limited data are available on the expression profile and functional role of lncRNAs in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the present study, we determined the expression pattern of the growth arrest‐specific transcript 5 (GAS5) in 72 NSCLC specimens by qRT‐PCR and assess its biological functions in the development and progression of NSCLC. The results revealed that GAS5 expression was down‐regulated in cancerous tissues compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues (P < 0.05) and was highly related to tumor size and TNM stage (P < 0.05). This correlation between GAS5 and clinicopathological parameters indicates that GAS5 might function as a tumor suppressor. Furthermore, GAS5 overexpression increased tumor cell growth arrest and induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, siRNA‐mediated knockdown of GAS5 promoted tumor cell growth. Importantly, through western blot analysis, we found that ectopic expression of GAS5 significantly up‐regulated p53 expression and down‐regulated transcription factor E2F1 expression. Taken together, these findings suggest that GAS5 is a tumor suppressor in NSCLC, and the action of GAS5 is mediated by p53‐dependent and p53‐independent pathways. GAS5 could serve as a potential diagnostic marker for NSCLC and may be a novel therapeutic target in patients with NSCLC. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Role of Inner Strength in Quality of Life and Self‐Management in Women Survivors of Cancer
Authors: Dingley Catherine , Roux Gayle
Published: December 2013

The role of inner strength in quality of life (QOL) and self‐management, primary variables in the Theory of Inner Strength, were examined with demographic and clinical characteristics in 107 women with cancer. The strongest predictors of QOL were depressive symptoms, inner strength, and time since diagnosis, respectively, accounting for 82% of the variance in QOL. When depressive symptoms were excluded due to multicollinearity, 64% of variance in QOL was explained by inner strength, time since diagnosis, and comorbidities, with inner strength the strongest predictor. The strongest predictors of self‐management were depressive symptoms and inner strength, accounting for 17% of the variance. Results contribute to theory development and suggest the value of supporting inner strength to enhance QOL in cancer survivors. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elevated delta OD 450 due to transient abnormal myelopoiesis in a Down syndrome fetus with hepatosplenomegaly on ultrasound
Authors: Mancuso Abigail , Rijhsinghani Asha
Published: December 2013

Transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) is a relatively common finding in children with Down syndrome but has also been diagnosed prenatally, most often presenting with fetal hepatosplenomegaly. We report a case of TAM with hepatosplenomegaly found on ultrasound and associated with an increased amniotic fluid Δ OD 450 value. TAM is most commonly transient but can be associated with fatality and therefore should be considered in the differential diagnosis when fetal hepatosplenomegaly is found on ultrasound. Amniocentesis with chromosomal analysis and a Δ OD 450 may aid in diagnosing TAM and predicting the severity of the liver involvement. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical analysis of organic flexible devices by finite element calculation
Authors: Sakai Masatoshi , Yamazaki Yota , Yamaguchi Shohei , Hayashi Junro , Kudo Kazuhiro
Published: December 2013

In recent years, organic flexible devices have been investigated extensively and sub‐millimeter bending stability of organic thin film devices has been achieved by placing the active layer of the transistor on a neutral strain surface. Around the neutral strain surface, an organic thin film has a high bending durability because the in‐plane tensile and compressive strain cancel each other. However, this type of highly flexible device is also destroyed or undergoes irreversible degradation when subjected to hard bending, and the breaking point is very difficult to detect experimentally. Therefore, we performed a finite element analysis of a flexible device and found a possible breaking point at the boundary between the contact electrode and the organic layer. This was the result of a strain concentration at the boundary due to the difference in Young's modulus of the organic semiconductor and Au. In addition, the shear stress is concentrated around the edge of the Au electrode. These results indicate that the most likely breaking point for this type of flexible transistor is a rupture of the organic layer at the interface with the Au electrode.
Structural, optical and electrical properties of Sb doped and undoped AgIn1 − xGaxSe2 and Ag(InGa)5Se8 thin films
Authors: Jacob Rajani , Remillard Stephen K. , DeYoung Paul A. , Deshpande Uday P. , Shripathi T. , Ganesan V. , Naduvath Johns , Sreenivasan P. V. , Philip Rachel Reena
Published: December 2013

Antimony doped and undoped nanostructured thin films of AgIn1 − xGaxSe2 and Ag(InGa)5Se8 on optically flat soda lime glass substrates are prepared by a three stage co‐evaporation process. Energy dispersive analysis of X‐rays (EDAX) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy in conjunction with atomic force microscopic technique and scanning electron microscopic technique are used, respectively, for compositional and surface morphological analysis of the films. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) data on the films are analysed to estimate the influence of antimony doping and indium replacement by gallium, on the structure of the films, by determining the anion–cation bond lengths and anion displacement in the thin films. The obvious dependence of band gap on the composition of the films establishes the possibility of band gap tailoring of the films. Low temperature optical absorbance measurements in the temperature regime 90–301 K are used for investigating the effect of doping on the temperature coefficient of band gaps of the films. Rutherford scattering spectra quantify the thickness of the films for conductivity (σ) measurements. The films exhibit n‐type conductivity with two linear regions in the ln(σ) versus temperature inverse graphs, which indicate a defect activated conduction and intrinsic conduction, respectively, in the near room temperature and high temperature regions.
Including the effects of pressure and stress in thermodynamic functions
Authors: Hammerschmidt T. , Abrikosov I. A. , Alfè D. , Fries S. G. , Höglund L. , Jacobs M. H. G. , Koßmann J. , Lu X.‐G. , Paul G.
Published: December 2013

Most applications of thermodynamic databases to materials design are limited to ambient pressure. The consideration of elastic contributions to thermodynamic stability is highly desirable but not straight‐forward to realise. We present examples of existing physical models for pressure‐dependent thermodynamic functions and discuss the requirements for future implementations given the existing results of experiments and first‐principles calculations. We briefly summarize the calculation of elastic constants and point out examples of nonlinear variation with pressure, temperature and chemical composition that would need to be accounted for in thermodynamic databases. This is particularly the case if a system melts from different phases at different pressures. Similar relations exist between pressure and magnetism and hence set the need to also include magnetic effects in thermodynamic databases for finite pressure. We present examples to illustrate that the effect of magnetism on stability is strongly coupled to pressure, temperature, and external fields. As a further complication we discuss dynamical instabilities that may appear at finite pressure. While imaginary phonon frequencies may render a structure unstable and destroy a crystal lattice, the anharmonic effects may stabilize it again at finite temperature. Finally, we also outline a possible implementation scheme for strain effects in thermodynamic databases.
Temperature dependence of anisotropic displacement parameters in O3‐type NaM O2 (M = Cr and Fe): Comparison with isostructural LiCoO2
Authors: Tanabe D. , Shimono T. , Kobayashi W. , Moritomo Y.
Published: December 2013

O3‐type NaM O2 (M = Cr and Fe) is a promising cathode material for sodium ion secondary batteries (SIBs). Here, we investigate the temperature dependence of anisotropic displacement parameters, U33 and U11, in NaM O2 by synchrotron radiation X‐ray powder diffraction measurements. In both compounds, the displacement ratios $(r \equiv \sqrt {U_{33} /U_{11} } - 1)$ for M and O are positive, reflecting the out‐of‐plane thermal displacement of the M O2 layer. On the other hand, the r value for Na is negative, reflecting the two‐dimensional (2D) host structure. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A linear parameter varying fault detection and isolation method for internal combustion spark ignition engines
Authors: Casavola Alessandro , Famularo Domenico , Gagliardi Gianfranco
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we propose a fault detection and isolation filter design method for internal combustion spark ignition engines. Starting from a detailed nonlinear mean‐value mathematical description of the engine, a novel linear parameter varying (LPV) model approximation is derived on the basis of a judicious convex interpolation of a family of linearized models. A filter structure consisting of a bank of LPV observers is considered, each of them in charge of detecting a particular class of faults and exhibiting low sensitivity to all other faults and exogenous inputs. The resulting diagnostic filter is parameter‐dependent in that a set of measurable engine variables is used online to suitably modify the filter gain so as to better take care of system nonlinearities. The quality of the LPV model approximation of the engine and the diagnostic capabilities of the fault detection and isolation architecture are demonstrated by a series of extensive numerical simulations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Cell of Origin Gene Signature Indicates Human Bladder Cancer Has Distinct Cellular Progenitors
Authors: Dancik Garrett M. , Owens Charles R. , Iczkowski Kenneth A. , Theodorescu Dan
Published: December 2013

There are two distinct forms of urothelial (bladder) cancer: muscle-invasive (MI) and nonmuscle invasive (NMI) disease. Since it is currently believed that bladder cancer arises by transformation of urothelial cells of the basal layer, bladder cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been isolated based on expression markers found in such cells. However, these CSCs have only been identified in MI tumors raising the intriguing hypothesis that NMI tumor progenitors do not arise from the basal compartment. To test this hypothesis, we carried out genome-wide expression profiling of laser capture microdissected basal and umbrella cells, the two most histologically distinct cell types in normal urothelium and developed a cell of origin (COO) gene signature that distinguishes these. The COO signature was a better predictor of stage and survival than other bladder, generic, or breast CSC signatures and bladder cell differentiation markers in multiple patient cohorts. To assess whether NMI and MI tumors arise from a distinct progenitor cell (DPC) or common progenitor cell, we developed a novel statistical framework that predicts COO score as a function of known genetic alterations (TP53, HRAS, KDM6A, and FGFR3) that drive either MI or NMI bladder cancer and compared this to the observed COO score of the tumor. Analysis of 874 patients in five cohorts established the DPC model as the best fit to the available data. This observation supports distinct progenitor cells in NMI and MI tumors and provides a paradigm shift in our understanding of bladder cancer biology that has significant diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Stem Cells  2014;32:974–982
Experimental investigation on structural performance of mega column to spandrel beam connections used in high‐rise building
Authors: Choi Kyoung‐Kyu , Shin Dong‐Woo , Park Hong‐Gun
Published: December 2013

In this paper, a new type of concrete mega column to steel spandrel beam connection was developed for the application to a high‐rise building under construction in Korea. To transfer shear force from the spandrel beams to columns, shear connectors were used, which are steel subassemblies composed of embed plates, connection plates, dowel bars and bearing plates. Experimental studies were performed using two test specimens with a 1/5 scale; in one test specimen, dowel bars welded on embed plates in a column were used, while in the other test specimen, both dowel bars and bearing plates were used. According to the test results, the design methods of the current design codes used in this study effectively addressed the failure mechanisms of the mega column‐spandrel beam connections, and the test specimens developed greater strengths than those evaluated by the current design codes. It was also found that the use of bearing plates at the connections significantly reduces the number of dowel bars used for shear transfer purposes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total Synthesis of Hibarimicinone, a v‐Src Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Possessing the Pseudo‐Dimer Structure of Tetracycline
Authors: Tatsuta Kuniaki , Hosokawa Seijiro
Published: December 2013

The total synthesis of hibarimicinone, a potent v‐Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor possessing thirteen stereogenic centers and an axial chirality, has been achieved. The key step to constructing the eight‐ring skeleton was the double Michael–Dieckmann‐type cyclization (Hauser annulation) using a thiolactone pseudo‐dimer. These synthetic studies indicated the efficiency of the thiolactone‐employed route to synthesize the multiply functionalized polycyclic compounds. The ABCD‐ring moiety including the bridging ether was constructed by a strategy including oxidation of the C‐ring hydroquinone and the subsequent transfer of the oxidation stage to the neighboring ring. The atropisomer of hibarimicinone was also synthesized to confirm the structure of the natural product.
Triazole‐Linked Analogues of DNA and RNA (TLDNA and TLRNA): Synthesis and Functions
Authors: Isobe Hiroyuki , Fujino Tomoko
Published: December 2013

Click chemistry has provided us with access to DNA and RNA analogues with non‐natural triazole internucleoside linkages. The bond periodicity of the oligonucleotides was designed to enforce duplex formation with natural congeners, and the non‐cleavable linkages protect the oligomers against nuclease digestion. This account reviews the progress of the triazole‐linked analogues over the past five years. Reinforced by their synthetic robustness, these analogues may find various utilities as tools for exploratory research.
Navigating the IRB: The Ethics of SoTL
Authors: Martin Ryan C.
Published: December 2013

This chapter discusses Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) as they apply to the SoTL. Specifically, it describes when SoTL projects must receive IRB approval, why they must get IRB approval, the review process, and some special issues of concern with regard to SoTL.
Comparison of Two Models of Surgical Care for Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate in Resource‐challenged Settings
Authors: Rossell‐Perry Percy , Segura Eddy , Salas‐Bustinza Lorgio , Cotrina‐Rabanal Omar
Published: December 2013

Background

The Peruvian health system is limited in providing specialized care for patients with clefts because there are an insufficient number of hospitals and few specially trained doctors in rural areas of the country. The most common model of care in these areas is the surgical mission wherein experienced cleft surgeons perform surgeries and teach local doctors. The purpose of this research was to identify the differences in outcome between the surgical mission trip and the referral center model of care provided by the same team.

Methods

A retrospective analysis (2002–2012) was performed on data from surgical outcomes provided by the Outreach Surgical Center Lima that utilized both models of care (surgical mission and referral center). A total of 935 procedures were performed in 680 patients with clefts who were treated by the Outreach Surgical Center Program Lima since 2002. Patients in both groups were identified from our records (medical records and screening‐day registries). All patients underwent a physical examination, had photographs taken, and any unfavorable results and complications were documented. Comparison of categorical variables (including outcomes) between care models was performed using Pearson’s χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test when appropriate. In all cases a two‐tailed test was performed and the p value for rejecting the null hypothesis (no difference or no association) was set at 0.05.

Results

We found significant differences between the two models of care with respect to unilateral cleft lip and cleft palate dehiscence (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively), palate postoperative hemorrhage (p < 0.01), and palatal fistula (p < 0.01) outcomes.

Discussion

Differences in observed surgical outcomes between the two models might be attributed to the surgeon’s performance and/or the patient’s age, and these factors are also considered with respect to the model of care. Limitations in long‐term medical evaluation at each site should be identified and strategies to improve surgical outcomes must be developed to ensure that patients served by surgical missions obtain the same results achieved at a referral center.

Level of Evidence

Therapeutic III.
Neuropharmacological functional imaging
Authors: Thiel C.
Published: December 2013

The marriage of psychopharmacology with functional neuroimaging enables the investi­gation of neurochemical modulation of cognitive functions in the human brain. From the point of basic neurocognitive research, pharmacological functional neuroimaging is hence a valuable completion of animal experiments. From the point of clinical neuro­science, pharmacological neuroimaging con­tributes to the understanding and development of pharmacological treatment ap­proaches for patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders. The present paper prov­ides an overview of the methodological approach and illustrates research findings and recent developments from pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging studies by means of selective examples from the dopaminergic and cholinergic neurotrans­mitter system.
Optimizing the Benefits of Exercise on Physical Function in Older Adults
Authors: Buford Thomas W. , Anton Stephen D. , Clark David J. , Higgins Torrance J. , Cooke Matthew B.
Published: December 2013

As the number of older adults continues to rise worldwide, the prevention of physical disability among seniors is an increasingly important public health priority. Physical exercise is among the best known methods of preventing disability, but accumulating evidence indicates that considerable variability exists in the responsiveness of older adults to standard training regimens. Accordingly, a need exists to develop tailored interventions to optimize the beneficial effects of exercise on the physical function of older adults at risk for becoming disabled. The present review summarizes the available literature related to the use of adjuvant or alternative strategies intended to enhance the efficacy of exercise in improving the physical function of older adults. Within this work, we also discuss potential future research directions in this area.
The Dialectics of Remembrance: Memories of Empire in Cold War Japan
Authors: Conrad Sebastian
Published: December 2013

Between 1895 and 1945 Japan assembled one of the largest empires in modern world history. It vanished abruptly in the summer of 1945 at the end of the Second World War, and seemed to leave no trace in public consciousness. Historians, too, have portrayed postwar Japan as characterized by a virtual erasure of the imperial past. This article draws on recent scholarship to argue that things were more complicated than that. While references to the imperial past indeed dwindled after about 1960, immediate forgetting did not exhaust the reactions by individuals and interest groups. Some social milieus experienced the dissolution of the empire much more profoundly than official discourse would suggest. Since the mid-1990s, Japan's imperial past has reemerged as a major field of historical inquiry and a more general concern in public debate. In this article I situate the dialectic of remembering and forgetting within larger processes and transformations of the postwar order in East Asia, in particular the American occupation and the emergence of the Cold War.
New infection rate of bovine mammary glands after application of an internal teat seal at dry-off
Authors: Krömker Volker , Grabowski Nils Th. , Friedrich Julia
Published: December 2013

The internal teat sealant OrbeSeal® (Zoetis, Berlin, Germany) is intended to prevent new intramammary infection (IMI) throughout the dry period. The aim of this field study was to determine new infection rates in udder quarters applied exclusively with the sealant at dry-off and untreated ones (control group). For that, the new infection rate of udder quarters treated with the sealant was evaluated in a split-udder design (front right and rear left udder quarters treated, the other ones untreated) in 128 cows from nine dairy farms in North Germany that were healthy in all four udder quarters (i.e. <100 000 cells/ml, bacteriologically negative). After calving, duplicate quarter milk samples were collected twice at DIM (days in milk) 5–12 and 7 d later for culture. The new infection rates for treated and untreated groups were 3·4 and 10·5%, respectively. The results showed that applying a standardised study design with very few confounders under field conditions, using internal teat sealants reduced the new infection rate on quarter level to a third of that of the control group. Thus, internal teat sealants represent a viable option for dry-off treatment of udder-healthy cows.
The Value of (Stock) Liquidity in the M&A Market
Authors: Massa Massimo , Xu Moqi
Published: December 2013

We study the value of stock liquidity in the market for corporate control and show that the target firm’s liquidity has an impact on the transaction itself and on the resulting merged entity. We use a sample of U.S. merger and acquisition (M&A) transactions (1987–2007) to show that acquiring a more liquid firm makes the stock of the acquirer more liquid. This has consequences for M&A activity and pricing. Public acquirers are more likely than private acquirers to acquire more liquid targets. Liquidity also translates into a greater likelihood of completing the deal and higher compensation for the target.
“A Stranger at Home”: Delayed Return in a Novella and in a Short Story by Agnon: A Comparative Study
Authors: Shacham Chaya
Published: December 2013

This article touches upon the theme of delayed return: a familiar literary theme that is manifested in different languages, cultures, and periods; it usually involves a man returning to his home and wife after a prolonged absence during which he was presumed dead, while his wife's circumstances radically changed. S.Y. Agnon published two well-known works on the subject: “And the Crooked Shall Be Made Straight” (1912) and “Fernheim” (1949), which are the object of this study. This article approaches these two works in a comparative context from a genre analysis—a novella versus a short story—arguing that the subject matter sometimes dictates the choice of genre. Thus, the two delayed returns differ markedly. The novella form is well-suited to “And the Crooked Shall Be Made Straight” which places the devout protagonist, upon his delayed return, in a tragic dilemma, while Fernheim's is not a delayed return in the exemplary-archetypal sense.
A new GaN-based high-speed and high-power switching circuit for envelope-tracking modulators
Authors: Augeau Patrick , Bouysse Philippe , Martin Audrey , Nebus Jean Michel , Quéré Raymond , Lapierre Luc , Jardel Olivier , Piotrowicz Stéphane
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we report a new high-speed and high-power switching circuit based on GaN HEMT's. The elementary switching cell, composed of two GaN HEMT's and two resistors, acts like a power threshold comparator with high-output voltage. Theoretical analysis of static and dynamic circuit operation points out the dependence of efficiency and switching speed to the main circuit elements. Four switching cells are then combined together thanks to SiC Schottky diodes to design a multi-level power switch that can be used as a power supply modulator for envelope tracking power amplifiers. The designed four-level supply modulator, based on Nitronex GaN HEMT's, exhibits more than 75% of efficiency for an envelope signal up to 4 MHz, a switching frequency of 20 MHz and output voltages in the range of 12–30 V.
Der Zusammenhang zwischen Belästigung des Ex-Partners, Trennungskontext, Bindungsstil und Commitment gegenüber der Beziehung
Authors: Balmer Annabel S. , Oswald Margit E. , Ermer Anneliese , Guldimann Angela
Published: December 2013

Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte via online-Befragung den Zusammenhang zwischen Ex-Partner-Belästigung und Trennungskontext, Bindungsstil sowie Commitment. Es wurde erwartet, dass jene Männer, die von ihrer Ex-Partnerin verlassen worden sind, eher zu Belästigungsverhalten gegenüber dieser tendieren als jene, die die Beziehung selber beendet haben. Des Weiteren wurde ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen Belästigungsverhalten und ängstlicher Bindung erwartet. Schliesslich wurde erstmalig eine positive Beziehung zwischen Belästigungsverhalten und Commitment gegenüber der Beziehung postuliert. Für die Analysen wurden die Daten einer für die Universität Bern repräsentativen Stichprobe von männlichen Studenten und Doktoranden (N = 140) untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass insbesondere Commitment ein guter Prädiktor für Ex-Partner-Belästigung ist und dass der verlassene Partner zu mehr solchen stalkingähnlichen Verhaltensweisen neigt als der, der den Partner verlassen hat. Ebenfalls konnte eine Beziehung zwischen ängstlicher Bindung und Ex-Partner-Belästigung gefunden werden.
Insight and Search in Katona’s Five-Square Problem
Authors: Öllinger Michael , Jones Gary , Knoblich Günther
Published: December 2013

Insights are often productive outcomes of human thinking. We provide a cognitive model that explains insight problem solving by the interplay of problem space search and representational change, whereby the problem space is constrained or relaxed based on the problem representation. By introducing different experimental conditions that either constrained the initial search space or helped solvers to initiate a representational change, we investigated the interplay of problem space search and representational change in Katona’s five-square problem. Testing 168 participants, we demonstrated that independent hints relating to the initial search space and to representational change had little effect on solution rates. However, providing both hints caused a significant increase in solution rates. Our results show the interplay between problem space search and representational change in insight problem solving: The initial problem space can be so large that people fail to encounter impasse, but even when representational change is achieved the resulting problem space can still provide a major obstacle to finding the solution.
Similarities in Human Visual and Declared Measures of Preference for Opposite-Sex Faces
Authors: Griffey Jack A. F. , Little Anthony C.
Published: December 2013

Facial appearance in humans is associated with attraction and mate choice. Numerous studies have identified that adults display directional preferences for certain facial traits including symmetry, averageness, and sexually dimorphic traits. Typically, studies measuring human preference for these traits examine declared (e.g., choice or ratings of attractiveness) or visual preferences (e.g., looking time) of participants. However, the extent to which visual and declared preferences correspond remains relatively untested. In order to evaluate the relationship between these measures we examined visual and declared preferences displayed by men and women for opposite-sex faces manipulated across three dimensions (symmetry, averageness, and masculinity) and compared preferences from each method. Results indicated that participants displayed significant visual and declared preferences for symmetrical, average, and appropriately sexually dimorphic faces. We also found that declared and visual preferences correlated weakly but significantly. These data indicate that visual and declared preferences for manipulated facial stimuli produce similar directional preferences across participants and are also correlated with one another within participants. Both methods therefore may be considered appropriate to measure human preferences. However, while both methods appear likely to generate similar patterns of preference at the sample level, the weak nature of the correlation between visual and declared preferences in our data suggests some caution in assuming visual preferences are the same as declared preferences at the individual level. Because there are positive and negative factors in both methods for measuring preference, we suggest that a combined approach is most useful in outlining population level preferences for traits.
Viscous Fingering and Dendritic Growth of Surface Crystallized Sr2TiSi2O8 Fresnoite
Authors: Wisniewski Wolfgang , Patschger Marek , Rüssel Christian
Published: December 2013

During the quenching of a melt with the composition 2SrO·TiO2·2.75SiO2, cubic SrTiO3- and tetragonal Sr2TiSi2O8-crystals are formed at the surface. Subsequent crystal growth leads to dendritic fresnoite structures which become increasingly finer until the mechanism changes to viscous fingering during further cooling. In the final stages of this initial growth step, the crystal orientations of these dendrites systematically change. Due to a complete absence of bulk nucleation in this system, crystal growth is resumed upon reheating to 970°C and fractal growth with the c-axis tilted by about 45° from the main growth direction is observed. The results are interpreted to confirm the link between viscous fingering and dendritic growth in the case of a true crystallization process.
Spin-crossover phenomena of the mononuclear MnIII complex tuned by metal dithiolene counteranions
Authors: Chen Ying , Cao Fan , Wei Rong-Min , Zhang Yang , Zhang Yi-Quan , Song You
Published: December 2013

Different metal dithiolene anions affect the configuration of the [Mn(5-Br-sal-N-1,5,8,12)]+ cation in different ways, so three complexes show their characteristic features each.
Pitaya-like Sn@C nanocomposites as high-rate and long-life anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Ning , Zhao Qing , Han Xiaopeng , Yang Jingang , Chen Jun
Published: December 2013

As the anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the pitaya-like Sn8@C nanocomposite shows a reversible capacity of 410 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles at 4000 mA g−1 in the voltage range of 0.02–3.0 V.
Electron density profile measurements at a self-focusing ion beam with high current density and low energy extracted through concave electrodes
Authors: Fujiwara Y. , Hirano Y. , Kiyama S. , Nakamiya A. , Koguchi H. , Sakakita H.
Published: December 2013

The self-focusing phenomenon has been observed in a high current density and low energy ion beam. In order to study the mechanism of this phenomenon, a special designed double probe to measure the electron density and temperature is installed into the chamber where the high current density ion beam is injected. Electron density profile is successfully measured without the influence of the ion beam components. Estimated electron temperature and density are ∼0.9 eV and ∼8 × 108 cm−3 at the center of ion beam cross section, respectively. It was found that a large amount of electrons are spontaneously accumulated in the ion beam line in the case of self-forcing state.
Progress of resonant ionization laser ion source development at GANIL
Authors: Henares J. L. , Huguet Y. , Kron T. , Lecesne N. , Leroy R. , Osmond B. , Schneider F. , Sjödin A. M. , Wendt K.
Published: December 2013

SPIRAL2 (Système de Production d’Ions Radioactifs Accélérés en Ligne) is a research facility under construction at GANIL (Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds) for the production of radioactive ion beams by isotope separation on-line methods and low-energy in-flight techniques. A resonant ionization laser ion source will be one of the main techniques to produce the radioactive ion beams. GISELE (GANIL Ion Source using Electron Laser Excitation) is a test bench developed to study a fully operational laser ion source available for Day 1 operations at SPIRAL2 Phase 2. The aim of this project is to find the best technical solution which combines high selectivity and ionization efficiency with small ion beam emittance and stable long term operation. Latest results about the new ion source geometry will be presented.
Group-invariant solutions of semilinear Schrödinger equations in multi-dimensions
Authors: Anco Stephen C. , Feng Wei
Published: December 2013

Symmetry group methods are applied to obtain all explicit group-invariant radial solutions to a class of semilinear Schrödinger equations in dimensions n ≠ 1. Both focusing and defocusing cases of a power nonlinearity are considered, including the special case of the pseudo-conformal power p = 4/n relevant for critical dynamics. The methods involve, first, reduction of the Schrödinger equations to group-invariant semilinear complex 2nd order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with respect to an optimal set of one-dimensional point symmetry groups, and second, use of inherited symmetries, hidden symmetries, and conditional symmetries to solve each ODE by quadratures. Through Noether's theorem, all conservation laws arising from these point symmetry groups are listed. Some group-invariant solutions are found to exist for values of n other than just positive integers, and in such cases an alternative two-dimensional form of the Schrödinger equations involving an extra modulation term with a parameter m = 2−n ≠ 0 is discussed.
Improvement of extraction system geometry with suppression of possible Penning discharge ignition
Authors: Delferrière O. , Gobin R. , Harrault F. , Nyckees S. , Tuske O.
Published: December 2013

During the past two years, a new ECR 2.45 GHz type ion source has been developed especially dedicated to intense light ion injector project like IPHI (Injecteur Proton Haute Intensité), IFMIF (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility), to reduce beam emittance at RFQ entrance by shortening the length of the LEBT. This new ALISES concept (Advanced Light Ion Source Extraction System) is based on the use of an additional LEBT short length solenoid very close to the extraction aperture. The fringe field of this new solenoid produces the needed magnetic field to create the ECR resonance in the plasma chamber. Such geometry allows first putting the solenoid at ground potential, while saving space in front of the extraction to move the first LEBT solenoid closer and focus earlier the intense extracted beam. During the commissioning of the source in 2011–2012, ALISES has produced about 20 mA extracted from a 6 mm diameter plasma extraction hole at 23 kV. But the magnetic configuration combined to the new extraction system geometry led to important Penning discharge conditions in the accelerator column. Lots of them have been eliminated by inserting glass pieces between electrodes to modify equipotential lines with unfavorable ExB vacuum zones where particles were produced and trapped. To study Penning discharge location, several 3D calculations have been performed with OPERA-3D/TOSCA code to simulate the possible production and trapping of electrons in the extraction system. The results obtained on different sources already built have shown very good agreement with sparks location observed experimentally on electrodes. The simulations results as well as experimental measurements are presented and solutions to prevent possible Penning discharge in future source geometries are established.
Membrane formation by preferential solvation of ions in mixture of water, 3-methylpyridine, and sodium tetraphenylborate
Authors: Sadakane Koichiro , Nagao Michihiro , Endo Hitoshi , Seto Hideki
Published: December 2013

The structure and dynamics of a ternary system composed of deuterium oxide (D2O), 3-methylpyridine (3MP), and sodium tetraphenylborate (NaBPh4) are investigated by means of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and neutron spin echo (NSE) techniques. In the SANS experiments, a structural phase transition is confirmed between a disordered-phase and an ordered-lamellar-phase upon variation of the composition and/or temperature of the mixture. The characteristic lengths of the structures is on the sub-micrometer scale. A dispersion relation of the structure is measured through NSE experiments, which shows that the relaxation rate follows a cubic relation with momentum transfer. This implies that the dynamics of the system are determined predominantly by membrane fluctuations. The present results indicate that 3MP-rich domains are microscopically separated from bulk water in the presence of NaBPh4, and that the layers behave as membranes. These results are interpreted that preferential solvation of salt in each solvent induces a microphase separation between the solvents, and the periodic structure of 3MP-rich domains is stabilized by the long-range electrostatic interaction arising from Na+ ions in D2O-rich domains.
A density functional theory study of atomic steps on stoichiometric rutile TiO2(110)
Authors: Stausholm-Møller Jess , Kristoffersen Henrik Høgh , Martinez Umberto , Hammer Bjørk
Published: December 2013

We present a detailed theoretical study of the energetics of stoichiometric steps on the (110) surface of rutile TiO2. Step structures running along the ⟨001⟩, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\langle 1\bar{1}1 \rangle$\end{document}⟨11¯1⟩, and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\langle 1\bar{1}0 \rangle$\end{document}⟨11¯0⟩ directions including bulk-terminations and possible reconstructions have been considered. A robust method for extracting surface and step energies of vicinal surfaces, where the surface energies converge slowly with respect to slab thickness, is outlined and used. Based on the calculated step energies a 2D Wulff-construction is presented from which it can be concluded that in equilibrium only oxygen terminated steps running along the ⟨001⟩ directions and reconstructed steps along the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\langle 1\bar{1}1 \rangle$\end{document}⟨11¯1⟩ directions should be present. Finally it is found that under conditions of stoichiometry the reconstructed \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\langle 1\bar{1}1 \rangle$\end{document}⟨11¯1⟩ steps should be more than twice as abundant as oxygen terminated ⟨001⟩ steps.
A pressure-gradient mechanism for vortex shedding in constricted channels
Authors: Boghosian M. E. , Cassel K. W.
Published: December 2013

Numerical simulations of the unsteady, two-dimensional, incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are performed for a Newtonian fluid in a channel having a symmetric constriction modeled by a two-parameter Gaussian distribution on both channel walls. The Reynolds number based on inlet half-channel height and mean inlet velocity ranges from 1 to 3000. Constriction ratios based on the half-channel height of 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 are considered. The results show that both the Reynolds number and constriction geometry have a significant effect on the behavior of the post-constriction flow field. The Navier–Stokes solutions are observed to experience a number of bifurcations: steady attached flow, steady separated flow (symmetric and asymmetric), and unsteady vortex shedding downstream of the constriction depending on the Reynolds number and constriction ratio. A sequence of events is described showing how a sustained spatially growing flow instability, reminiscent of a convective instability, leads to the vortex shedding phenomenon via a proposed streamwise pressure-gradient mechanism.
High efficiency fluorescent excimer lamps: An alternative to mercury based UVC lamps
Authors: Masoud N. M. , Murnick D. E.
Published: December 2013

A high efficiency xenon excimer lamp radiating at 172 nm, with an internal phosphor coating shifting to UVC has been demonstrated, showing the feasibility of a cost effective alternative to UVC mercury lamps. Fluorescent lamps so designed can be fabricated in various geometries with high efficiency. Unlike other xenon excimer lamps based on dielectric barrier discharges this new system is highly compatible with existing and proposed phosphors as it operates in an inert gas environment at modest temperature and is subject only to 172 nm primary radiation. Using a lamp coated with a UVC phosphor we have demonstrated the feasibility of germicidal and curing lamps with 40% energy conversion efficiency and high power density. These lamps are rapidly switchable, have long projected lifetimes and are compatible with dimmers.
Long ranged structural modulation in the pre-morphotropic phase boundary cubic-like state of the lead-free piezoelectric Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-BaTiO3
Authors: Garg Rohini , Narayana Rao Badari , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Ranjan Rajeev
Published: December 2013

The nature of the pre-morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) cubic-like state in the lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (1−x)Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-(x)BaTiO3 at x ∼ 0.06 has been examined in detail by electric field and temperature dependent neutron diffraction, x-ray diffraction, dielectric and ferroelectric characterization. The superlattice reflections in the neutron diffraction patterns cannot be explained with the tetragonal P4bm and the rhombohedral (R3c) phase coexistence model. The cubic like state is rather a result of long ranged modulated complex octahedral tilt. This modulated structure exhibits anomalously large dielectric dispersion. The modulated structure transforms to a MPB state on poling. The field-stabilized MPB state is destroyed and the modulated structure is restored on heating the poled specimen above the Vogel-Fulcher freezing temperature. The results show the predominant role of competing octahedral tilts in determining the nature of structural and polar states in Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-based ferroelectrics.
Vector correlation between the alignment of reactant N2 (A 3Σu+) and the alignment of product NO (A 2Σ+) rotation in the energy transfer reaction of aligned N2 (A 3Σu+) + NO (X 2Π) → NO (A 2Σ+) + N2 (X 1Σg+)
Authors: Ohoyama H.
Published: December 2013

The vector correlation between the alignment of reactant N2 (A 3Σu+) and the alignment of product NO (A 2Σ+) rotation has been studied in the energy transfer reaction of aligned N2 (A 3Σu+) + NO (X 2Π) → NO (A 2Σ+) + N2 (X 1Σg+) under the crossed beam condition at a collision energy of ∼0.07 eV. NO (A 2Σ+) emission in the two linear polarization directions (i.e., parallel and perpendicular with respect to the relative velocity vector vR) has been measured as a function of the alignment of N2 (A 3Σu+) along its molecular axis in the collision frame. The degree of polarization of NO (A 2Σ+) emission is found to depend on the alignment angle (${\rm \theta }_{{\rm v}_{\rm R} }$θvR) of N2 (A 3Σu+) in the collision frame. The shape of the steric opacity function at the two polarization conditions turns out to be extremely different from each other: The steric opacity function at the parallel polarization condition is more favorable for the oblique configuration of N2 (A 3Σu+) at an alignment angle of ${\rm \theta }_{{\rm v}_{\rm R} }$θvR ∼ 45° as compared with that at the perpendicular polarization condition. The alignment of N2 (A 3Σu+) is found to give a significant effect on the alignment of NO (A 2Σ+) rotation in the collision frame: The N2 (A 3Σu+) configuration at an oblique alignment angle ${\rm \theta }_{{\rm v}_{\rm R} }$θvR ∼ 45° leads to a parallel alignment of NO (A 2Σ+) rotation (J-vector) with respect to vR, while the axial and sideways configurations of N2 (A 3Σu+) lead to a perpendicular alignment of NO (A 2Σ+) rotation with respect to vR. These stereocorrelated alignments of the product rotation have a good correlation with the stereocorrelated reactivity observed in the multi-dimensional steric opacity function [H. Ohoyama and S. Maruyama, J. Chem. Phys. 137, 064311 (2012)].
Effects of structure distortion on optical phonon properties of crystalline beta-BaTeMo2O9—A novel nonlinear optical material: Infrared and Raman spectra as well as first-principles calculations
Authors: Zhou S. T. , Huang Y. , Qiu W. Y. , Li Y. L. , He S. M. , Zhang J. J. , Zhang B. , Chen X. S. , Tao X. T. , Lu W.
Published: December 2013

The infrared dielectric property of monoclinic BaTeMo2O9 single crystals is studied by polarized IR reflectance spectra from 20 to 1800 cm−1. Based on the modified Lorentz model, the frequencies, strengths, and dampings of TO modes as well as the orientations of the dipole momenta are determined, agreeing well with Raman spectra and results from First-principles calculation. The observed modes are visually assigned to the specific atoms' motions in the primitive cell based on the theory calculations. A large shift of the internal modes of the anion groups relative to free anion co-ordination polyhedra is observed, which can be used to indicate the distortions of co-ordination polyhedra related to the nonlinear optical properties. Further, the experimental results of the strengths of the oscillators support the elimination and splitting of degenerate modes in free regular polyhedrons. These results offer a way to evaluate the nonlinear optical properties by use of traditional IR reflectivity spectra.
Phase stability, mechanical properties, hardness, and possible reactive routing of chromium triboride from first-principle investigations
Authors: Zhong Ming-Min , Kuang Xiao-Yu , Wang Zhen-Hua , Shao Peng , Ding Li-Ping , Huang Xiao-Fen
Published: December 2013

The first-principles calculations are employed to provide a fundamental understanding of the structural features and relative stability, mechanical and electronic properties, and possible reactive route for chromium triboride. The predicted new phase of CrB3 belongs to the rhombohedral phase with R-3m symmetry and it transforms into a hexagonal phase with P-6m2 symmetry at 64 GPa. The mechanical and thermodynamic stabilities of CrB3 are verified by the calculated elastic constants and formation enthalpies. Also, the full phonon dispersion calculations confirm the dynamic stability of predicted CrB3. Considering the role of metallic contributions, the calculated hardness values from our semiempirical method for rhombohedral and hexagonal phases are 23.8 GPa and 22.1 GPa, respectively. In addition, the large shear moduli, Young's moduli, low Poisson's ratios, and small B/G ratios indicate that they are potential hard materials. Relative enthalpy calculations with respect to possible constituents are also investigated to assess the prospects for phase formation and an attempt at high-pressure synthesis is suggested to obtain chromium triboride.