bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Southern Ocean cloud in the HadGEM3 general circulation model and MERRA-2 reanalysis using ship-based observations
Authors: Kuma Peter , McDonald Adrian J. , Morgenstern Olaf , Alexander Simon P. , Cassano John J. , Garrett Sally , Halla Jamie , Hartery Sean , Harvey Mike J. , Parsons Simon , Plank Graeme , Varma Vidya , Williams Jonny
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Southern Ocean (SO) shortwave (SW) radiation biases are a common problem in contemporary general circulation models (GCMs), with most models exhibiting a tendency to absorb too much incoming SW radiation. These biases have been attributed to deficiencies in the representation of clouds during the austral summer months, either due to cloud cover or cloud optical thickness being too low. The problem has been the focus of many studies, most of which utilised satellite datasets for model evaluation. We use multi-year ship based observations and the CERES spaceborne radiation budget measurements to contrast cloud representation and SW radiation in the atmospheric component Global Atmosphere (GA) version 7.0 and 7.1 of the HadGEM3 GCM and the MERRA-2 reanalysis. We find that MERRA-2 is biased in the opposite direction to GA (reflects too much SW radiation). In addition, MERRA-2 performs better in terms of absolute SW bias than nudged runs of GA7.0 and GA7.1 in the 60–70° S latitude band. GA7.1 reduces the SO SW radiation biases relative to GA7.0, but significant errors remain at up to 20 W m−2 between 60 and 70° S in the austral summer months. Using ship-based ceilometer observations, we find low cloud below 2 km to be predominant in the Ross Sea and the Indian Ocean sector of the SO. Utilising a novel surface lidar simulator developed for this study, derived from an existing COSP-ACTSIM spaceborne lidar simulator, we find that GA7.0 and MERRA-2 both underestimate low cloud occurrence relative to the ship observations by 18–25 % on average, though the cloud cover in MERRA-2 is closer to observations by about 7 %. Based on radiosonde observations, we also find the low cloud to be strongly linked to boundary-layer atmospheric stability and the sea surface temperature. GA7.0 and MERRA-2 agree well with observations in terms of boundary-layer stability, suggesting that subgrid-scale parametrisations do not generate enough cloud in response to the thermodynamic profile of the atmosphere and the surface temperature. Our analysis shows that MERRA-2 has a much greater proportion of cloud liquid water in the SO in January than GA7.0, a likely key contributor to the difference in SW radiation. We show that boundary-layer stability and relative humidity fields are very similar in GA7.0 and MERRA-2, and unlikely to be the cause of the different cloud representation, suggesting that subgrid-scale parametrisations are responsible for the difference between the models.
Methodology for High Quality Mobile Measurement with Focus on
Black Carbon and Particle Mass Concentrations
Authors: Alas Honey Dawn C. , Weinhold Kay , Costabile Francesca , Di Ianni Antonio , Müller Thomas , Pfeifer Sascha , Di Liberto Luca , Turner Jay R. , Wiedensohler Alfred
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Measurements of air pollutants such as black carbon (BC) and particle mass concentration in general, using mobile platforms equipped with high time-resolution instruments have gained popularity over the last decade due to its wide range of applicability. Assuring the quality of mobile measurement, data has become more essential particularly, when the personal exposure to pollutants is related to its spatial distribution. In the following, we suggest a methodology to achieve data from mobile measurements of equivalent black carbon (eBC) and PM2.5 mass concentrations with high data quality. Besides frequent routine quality assurance measures of the instruments, the methodology includes the following steps. a) Measures to ensure the quality of mobile instruments through repeated collocated measurements using identical instrumentation, b) inclusion of a fixed station along the route containing quality-assured reference instruments and c) sufficiently long and frequent intercomparisons between the mobile and reference instruments to correct the particle number and mass size distributions obtained from mobile measurements. The application of the methodology can provide following results. First, collocated mobile measurements with sets of identical instruments allow identification of undetected malfunctions of the instruments. Second, frequent intercomparisons against the reference instruments will ensure the quality of the mobile measurement data of the eBC mass concentration. Third, the intercomparison data between the mobile optical particle size spectrometer (OPSS) and a reference mobility particle size spectrometer (MPSS) allows for the adjustment of the OPSS particle number size distribution using physical meaningful corrections. Matching the OPSS and MPSS volume particle size distributions is crucial for the determination of PM2.5 mass concentration. Using size-resolved complex refractive indices and time-resolved fine mode volume correction factors of the fine particle range, the calculated PM2.5 was within 5 % of the reference instruments (MPSS+APSS). However, due to the non-sphericity and an unknown imaginary part of the complex refractive index of supermicrometer particles, a conversion to a volume equivalent diameter yields high uncertainties of the particle mass concentration greater than PM2.5. The proposed methodology addresses issues regarding the quality of mobile measurements, especially for health impact studies, validation of modelled spatial distribution, and development of air pollution mitigation strategies.
Ocean carbonate system variability in the North Atlantic Subpolar surface water (1993–2017)
Authors: Leseurre Coraline , Lo Monaco Claire , Reverdin Gilles , Metzl Nicolas , Fin Jonathan , Olafsdottir Solveig , Racapé Virginie
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The North Atlantic is one of the major sinks for anthropogenic CO2. In this study, we investigate the evolution of CO2 uptake and ocean acidification in the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre (50° N–64° N) using repeated observations collected over the last three decades in the framework of the long-term monitoring program SURATLANT (SURveillance de l'ATLANTique). Data obtained between 1993 and 1997 suggest an important reduction in the capacity of the ocean to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere during summer, due to a rapid increase in the fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) in surface waters (5 times faster than the increase in the atmosphere). This was associated with a rapid decrease in surface pH (of the order of −0.014/yr) and was mainly driven by a significant warming and increase in DIC. Similar trends are observed between 2001 and 2007 during both summer and winter with a mean decrease of pH between −0.006/yr and −0.013/yr. These rapid trends are mainly explained by a significant warming of surface waters, a decrease in alkalinity during summer and an increase in DIC during winter. On the contrary, data obtained during the last decade (2008–2017) show a stagnation of surface fCO2 (increasing the ocean sink for CO2) and pH. These recent trends are explained by the cooling of surface waters, a small decrease of total alkalinity and the near-stagnation of dissolved inorganic carbon. Overall our results show that the uptake of CO2 and ocean acidification in the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre is substantially impacted by multi-decadal variability, in addition to the accumulation of anthropogenic CO2. As a consequence, the future evolution of air-sea CO2 fluxes, pH and the saturation state of surface waters with regards to aragonite and calcite remain highly uncertain in this region.
A comprehensive global oceanic dataset of helium isotope and tritium measurements
Authors: Jenkins William J. , Doney Scott C. , Fendrock Michaela , Fine Rana , Gamo Toshitaka , Jean-Baptiste Philippe , Key Robert , Klein Birgit , Lupton John E. , Newton Robert , Rhein Monika , Roether Wolfgang , Sano Yuji , Schlitzer Reiner , Schlosser Peter , Swift Jim
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Tritium and helium isotope data provide key information on ocean
circulation, ventilation, and mixing, as well as the rates of biogeochemical
processes and deep-ocean hydrothermal processes. We present here global
oceanic datasets of tritium and helium isotope measurements made by numerous
researchers and laboratories over a period exceeding 60 years. The dataset's
DOI is https://doi.org/10.25921/c1sn-9631, and the data are available at
https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ocads/data/0176626.xml (last access: 15 March
2019) or alternately
http://odv.awi.de/data/ocean/jenkins-tritium-helium-data-compilation/
(last access: 13 March 2019) and includes approximately 60 000 valid tritium
measurements, 63 000 valid helium isotope determinations, 57 000 dissolved
helium concentrations, and 34 000 dissolved neon concentrations. Some
quality control has been applied in that questionable data have been flagged
and clearly compromised data excluded entirely. Appropriate metadata have
been included, including geographic location, date, and sample depth. When
available, we include water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. Data
quality flags and data originator information (including methodology) are
also included. This paper provides an introduction to the dataset along with
some discussion of its broader qualities and graphics.
seNorge_2018, daily precipitation and temperature datasets over Norway
Authors: Lussana Cristian , Tveito Ole Einar , Dobler Andreas , Tunheim Ketil
Published: April 2019

Abstract. seNorge_2018 is a collection of observational gridded datasets over Norway for: daily total precipitation; daily mean, maximum and minimum temperatures. The time period covers 1957 to 2017, and the data are presented over a high-resolution terrain-following grid with 1 km spacing in both meridional and zonal directions. The seNorge family of observational gridded datasets developed at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway) has a twenty-year long history and seNorge_2018 is its newest member, the first providing daily minimum and maximum temperatures. seNorge datasets are used for a wide range of applications in climatology, hydrology and meteorology. The observational dataset is based on MET Norway's climate data, which has been integrated by the European Climate Assessment and Dataset database. Two distinct statistical interpolation methods have been developed, one for temperature and the other for precipitation. They are both based on a spatial scale-separation approach where, at first, the analysis (i.e., predictions) at larger spatial scales are estimated. Subsequently they are used to infer the small-scale details down to a spatial scale comparable to the local observation density. Mean, maximum and minimum temperatures are interpolated separately, then physical consistency among them is enforced. For precipitation, in addition to observational data, the spatial interpolation makes use of information provided by a climate model. The analysis evaluation is based on cross-validation statistics and comparison with a previous seNorge version. The analysis quality is presented as a function of the local station density. We show that the occurrence of large errors in the analyses decays at an exponential rate with the increase in the station density. Temperature analyses over most of the domain are generally not affected by significant biases. However, during wintertime in data-sparse regions the analyzed minimum temperatures do have a bias between 2 °C and 3 °C. Minimum temperatures are more challenging to represent and large errors are more frequent than for maximum and mean temperatures. The precipitation analysis quality depends crucially on station density: the frequency of occurrence of large errors for intense precipitation is less than 5 % in data-dense regions, while it is approximately 30 % in data-sparse regions. he open-access datasets are available20for public download at: daily total precipitation (DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2082320, Lussana, 2018b); daily mean (DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2023997, Lussana, 2018c) , maximum (DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2559372, Lussana, 2018e) and minimum (DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2559354, Lussana, 2018d) temperatures.
How can geologic decision making under uncertainty be improved?
Authors: Wilson Cristina G. , Bond Clare E. , Shipley Thomas F.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. In the geosciences, recent attention has been paid to the influence of uncertainty on expert decision making. When making decisions under conditions of uncertainty, people tend to employ heuristics (rules of thumb) based on experience, relying on their prior knowledge and beliefs to intuitively guide choice. Over 50 years of decision making research in cognitive psychology demonstrates that heuristics can lead to less-than-optimal decisions, collectively referred to as biases. For example, a geologist who confidently interprets ambiguous data as representative of a familiar category form their research (e.g., strike slip faults for expert in extensional domains) is exhibiting the availability bias, which occurs when people make judgments based on what is most dominant or accessible in memory. Given the important social and commercial implications of many geoscience decisions, there is a need to develop effective interventions for removing or mitigating decision bias. In this paper, we summarize the key insights from decision making research about how to reduce bias and review the literature on debiasing strategies. First, we define an optimal decision, since improving decision making requires having a standard to work towards. Next, we discuss the cognitive mechanisms underlying decision biases and describe three biases that have been shown to influence geoscientists decision making (availability bias, framing bias, anchoring bias). Finally, we review existing debiasing strategies that have applicability in the geosciences, with special attention given to those strategies that make use of information technology and artificial intelligence (AI). We present two case studies illustrating different applications of intelligent systems for the debiasing of geoscientific decision making, where debiased decision making is an emergent property of the coordinated and integrated processing of human-AI collaborative teams.
Analysis of voice quality parameters in patients with vestibular voice
Authors: Kosztyła-Hojna Bożena , Łobaczuk-Sitnik Anna , Zdrojkowski Maciej , Duchnowska Emilia , Moskal-Jasińska Diana , Kraszewska Anna , Twarowska Anna , Biszewska Jolanta
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Vestibular voice includes participation of larynx structures which are absent in physiological process. Vestibular phonation may be desired when vocal folds are damaged as in paralytic dysphonia, or undesired in marginal hyperfunction. Vestibular voice may result from psychogenic dysphonia – phononeurosis.
The aim of the study is perceptive evaluation of vestibular voice, objective larynx visualization, acoustic and aerodynamic examination.
The study included 40 patients: 20 with vestibular voice, 20 with euphonic voice. Voice quality has been evaluated using perceptual GRBAS scale. Endoscopic and stroboscopic larynx examination used Endo-STROB-EL-Xion GmbH with visual tract. High-Speed Digital Imaging (HSDI) and High Speed (HS) camera registered true vocal folds vibrations. Acoustic evaluation of voice with DiagnoScope Specjalista, DiagNova Technologies included analysis of F0, Jitter, Shimmer, NHR, nonharmonic components. MPT has been analyzed.
In examined group, hoarseness (95%), roughness (75%) and voice strain (55%) have been recorded. Endoscopy revealed edema of vestibular folds with dilation of vessels covering glottis. Stroboscopy and HSDI confirmed coexistence of hyperfunctional (95%) or paralytic (5%) dysphonia. Acoustic assessment revealed increase in Jitter, Shimmer, NHR and decrease in F0 and MPT.
The vestibular voice is observed most frequently in women with hyperfunctional dysphonia (phononeuroses) or in paralytic dysphonia. Visualization techniques confirm the coexistence of vestibular folds hypertrophy and edema with vibration disorders. In the perceptual assessment, vestibular voice was hoarse, rough and strained. Acoustic examination showed increase of Jitter, Shimmer, NHR, presence of nonharmonic components and decrease of F0 and MPT.
Gender-related incidence, risk factors exposure and survival rates of laryngeal cancers – the 10-years analysis of trends from one institution
Authors: Majszyk Daniel , Bruzgielewicz Antoni , Osuch-Wójcikiewicz Ewa , Rzepakowska Anna , Niemczyk Kazimierz
Published: April 2019

Objectives: The aim of the study was the analysis of the epidemiology of laryngeal cancer over 10 years in relation to known risk factors and to assess the current survival rates in this group of patients.
Methods: The data were retrospectively collected from patients’ medical records, then entered in the database using dedicated software and a statistical analysis was performed.
Results: 512 subjects - 443 men (86.5%) and 69 women (13.5%) were enrolled into the study. The male-to-female ratio was 6.4:1. There were 97.1% smoking women and 98% smoking men, however the history of more than 20 cigarettes per day smoking admitted 81.1 % of women and 94.6% of men. Heavy alcohol consumption was the case in 14 (20.3%) women and in 307 (69.3%) men. For both the size of heavy alcohol consumption and the size of excessive tobacco use, there was found statistically significant difference between women and men with laryngeal cancer (p<0.05). In the majority of male and female subjects, the tumour was located in the supraglottis/glottis area. Apparently this tumour location was much more common among women, accounting for 60.9% of cases , while in men was confirmed in 39.3% of cases. The stages of the laryngeal cancer were similarly of high advancement for both the men and women - stages III and IV were confirmed in 82.6% of women and in 77.6% of men. The over 5-year survival rate was 39.1% among women and 37.2% among men.
Conclusions
Contradictory to decreased exposure to risk factors and the shorter period for diagnosis, the higher stages of cancer were observed in women. Although in women the advancement was higher and the majority of cases were located in unfavourable supraglottic area, the survival rates were higher.
Key words: laryngeal cancer, epidemiology, men and women, risk factors
In the News
Authors: Free David
Published: April 2019

Welcome to the April 2019 issue of C&RL News. We start out this month with two articles focusing on scholarly communication issues. Navigating copyright in open educational resources is the focus of Lindsey Gumb’s Scholarly Communication column “An open impediment.” At the University of Memphis, librarians increased knowledge of data issues on campus through a professional development program for faculty. They write about their efforts in the article “Data Stewardship Week in an academic library.”
The time to lead: ACRL seeks nominees for section offices
Authors: Of College & Research Libraries Association
Published: April 2019

Standing for ACRL section office is an opportunity to become involved with important issues affecting academic and research librarians in the 21st century, gain leadership experience, and build ties with colleagues. It is also an opportunity to be of service to your ACRL section community, ensuring that it continues to nurture the development of new members and forge deeper connections to the profession.
Reframing from the ground up: Redesigning a credit-bearing information literacy course using the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education
Authors: Haren Shonn M.
Published: April 2019

LIB 1500 is a three-credit information literacy course offered by the University Library at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly-Pomona), which is taught by faculty librarians. The course was developed during the 2014–15 academic year and has been offered continuously since. While targeted primarily toward freshmen, in the course inevitably include a number of sophomores and upper-level students seeking to fulfill their lifelong learning General Education requirement, for which LIB 1500 is one of several options. While the development of LIB 1500 has been a labor of love, by the end of Spring Quarter 2017, those of us involved in teaching the class had noticed that the course was becoming dated and needed a complete overhaul. Therefore, during the 2017–18 academic year, librarians at Cal Poly-Pomona fundamentally redesigned LIB 1500 to reflect the threshold concepts described in the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education. In doing so, we learned valuable lessons about course structure, applied learning, and the iterative nature of course revision.
Moving from the sidelines to the playing field: Developing a relationship with student athletics
Authors: Costin Kate , Morgan Pamela J.
Published: April 2019

The Vanderbilt University Library, in collaboration with the university’s Department of Athletics Stratton Foster Academic Support Center, established an initiative to better acquaint the counselors at the center with the library and its resources. Through conversation, both sides realized there were many opportunities to make the relationship stronger, resulting in year-round support for student athletes. The partnership, now in its fourth year, has evolved to meet the needs of both the students and support staff.
Cognitive heterogeneity of math difficulties: A bottom-up classification approach
Authors: Salvador Larissa de Souza , Moura Ricardo , Wood Guilherme , Haase Vitor Geraldi
Published: April 2019

Math learning difficulties (MD) correspond to math achievement below the 25th percentile and are cognitively heterogeneous. It is not known precisely how cognitive mechanisms underlie distinct subtypes of MD. A bottom-up, cluster-analytic strategy, based on visuoconstructional, visuospatial and phonological working memory, and non-symbolic and symbolic magnitude processing accuracy, was used to form subgroups of children from 3rd to 5th grades according to their math achievement. All children had nonverbal intelligence above the 20th percentile and presented a broad spectrum of variation in math ability. External validity of subgroups was examined considering intelligence and math achievement. Groups did not differ in age. Two groups with a high incidence of MD were associated, respectively, with low visuospatial/visuoconstructional and low magnitude processing accuracy. One group with average cognitive performance also presented above average intelligence and a small incidence of MD. A fourth group with high cognitive performance presented high math performance and high intelligence. Phonological working memory was associated with high but not with low math achievement. MD may be related to complex patterns of associations and dissociations between intelligence and specific cognitive abilities in distinct subgroups. Consistency and stability of these subgroups must be further characterized. However, a bottom-up classification strategy contributes to reducing the cognitive complexity of MD.
Aplicación de la teoría de la generalizabilidad en la evaluación de servicios en gestión deportiva
Authors: Gálvez-Ruiz P. , Grimaldi-Puyana M. , Fernández-Gavira J. , Sánchez-Oliver A. Jesús
Published: April 2019

Esta investigación aborda a partir de la Teoría de la Generalizabilidad (TG) la optimización de recursos en la gestión deportiva. Se utilizó una estructura de diseño compuesta por las facetas usuarios (U), actividades (A), escalas (E) e ítems (I), siguiendo un diseño no ortogonal, parcialmente anidado y multifaceta dentro del Modelo General Lineal (GLM). Los 537 participantes (32.11 ± 11.11 años) cumplimentaron el Cuestionario de Evaluación de la Calidad Percibida en Servicios Deportivos obteniendo resultados excelentes de fiabilidad (ξρ²(δ) > 0.98) y generalizabilidad (ξρ²(Δ) > 0.98). La optimización mostró que con una reducción del número de participantes a la mitad y con un menor número de actividades evaluadas, obtenemos un alto grado de generalización al mismo tiempo que se reduce el número total de observaciones de cara a futuros registros, lo que facilitará la evaluación del servicio deportivo de manera más eficiente.

This paper addresses from the use of the Generalizability Theory (TG) the optimization of resources in sports management. We used a design structure composed of the facets users (U), activities (A), scales (E) and items (I), following not orthogonal design, partially nested and multifaceted, within the General Linear Model. 537 participants (32.11 ± 11.11 years) completed the Questionnaire of Evaluation of the Perceived Quality in Sports Services obtaining excellent results both indexes of reliability (ξρ²(δ) > 0.98) and generalizability (ξρ²(Δ) > 0.98). The optimization showed that half of participants and fewer activities, we obtain a high degree of generalization and at the same time, reduced the total number of observations, being important for future studies which will facilitate the evaluation of sport service more efficiently.
Insuficiente adherencia al ejercicio físico de universitarios. Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Moreno-Arrebola R. , Puertas-Molero P. , Castañeda-Vázquez C. , Castro-Sánchez M.
Published: April 2019

El sedentarismo se constituye como uno de los principales problemas para la salud de la población mundial del siglo XXI. Debido a las características socioculturales que presentan los estudiantes universitarios, resulta una población idónea para el estudio y fomento de actividad física (AF). El objetivo principal de la presente revisión sistemática es dar una visión general sobre la adherencia a la práctica de AF entre la población universitaria, así como de los programas de intervención dirigidos a fomentar dicha práctica, desde el año 2007 hasta nuestros días. La metodología utilizada ha estado dirigida por la declaración PRISMA. Como principales conclusiones, el 100% de los estudios de la primera selección sostienen la urgente necesidad de la creación e implementación de programas de intervención dirigidos a fomentar la práctica de AF entre estudiantes universitarios. Finalmente, la mayoría de los programas de intervención estudiados consiguen incrementar la adherencia a la práctica de AF.

A sedentary lifestyle is one of the main problems for the health of the world population of the 21st century. Due to the sociocultural characteristics presented by university students, it is a suitable population for the study and promotion of physical activity (PA). The main aim of the present systematic review is to give a general view on the adherence to the practice of PA among the university population, as well as intervention programs aimed at promoting this practice, from 2007 to the present day. The methodology used has been guided by the PRISMA statement. As main conclusion, 100% of the studies of the first selection support the urgent need for the creation and implementation of intervention programs aimed at promoting the practice of PA among university students. Finally, the intervention programs studied obtained good results, achieving in most of them an increase in the adherence to the practice of PA of the population studied.
Influencia de la satisfacción y el valor percibido sobre el “Word of Mouth” en los usuarios de centros deportivos
Authors: García Pascual F. , Molina García N. , Mundina Gómez J.
Published: April 2019

Uno de los principales objetivos de los servicios deportivos, es fidelizar a los usuarios el mayor tiempo posible en dicho servicio. Por ello, desde el inicio de la literatura de la gestión del deporte, que analizan las diferentes variables de gestión, cada vez más, aparecen trabajos que tratan de aportar información relacionada con este objetivo. Dentro de las intenciones futuras de los usuarios, la recomendación es uno de los factores claves para poder analizar los futuros comportamientos de dichos usuarios. Por ello este trabajo, trata de analizar cuál es la influencia de la satisfacción y el valor percibido de los usuarios, sobre el “Word of Mouth” (boca-oído), es decir, como influyen estas dos variables en las futuras recomendaciones de los mismos usuarios. Para así, aportar a los diferentes servicios deportivos, y a los gestores del deporte en particular, información valiosa para obtener clientes fieles al servicio.

One of the main objectives of sports services is to retain users as long as possible in this service. For this reason, since the beginning of the literature on sports management, which analyzes the different management variables, more and more works appear that try to provide information related to this objective. Within the future intentions of the users, the recommendation is one of the main factors to be able to analyze the future behaviors of these users. For this reason, this research tries to analyze which is the influence of the satisfaction and the perceived value of the users, on the "Word of Mouth", that is, how these two variables influence the future recommendations of the same users. In this way, to provide different sports services, and sports managers in particular, valuable information to obtain loyal customers to the service.
Quand le logo olfactif reflète les valeurs de la marque : une application dans le secteur des services
Authors: Grobert Julien , Massa Charlotte
Published: April 2019

Créer sa propre signature olfactive doit permettre à une entreprise de services de renforcer son identité de marque et de délivrer une atmosphère spécifique sur son lieu de vente. Cette recherche, réalisée in situ , a pour objectif de formaliser une méthode de création d’un logo olfactif dans un univers de services. Après avoir présenté les techniques existantes, une démarche itérative comprenant six étapes et différents types de mesures (phases qualitatives et quantitatives) est mise en œuvre permettant d’aboutir à une signature olfactive congruente avec les valeurs d’une entreprise de services et son lieu de vente. Les limites et les voies futures de cette recherche sont finalement discutées.
Comment les individus issus de différentes cultures catégorisent les marques ? L’impact de la conception de soi
Authors: Hmaida Jouba , Décaudin Jean-Marc
Published: April 2019

La manière dont les consommateurs catégorisent les produits et les marques a de nombreuses implications stratégiques pour les marketeurs (e.g. positionnement, merchandising, extension de marques). Cette recherche examine les différences de catégorisation des marques entre les consommateurs individualistes et collectivistes à travers le construit de la conception de soi. Les résultats d’une étude quantitative, menée sur deux échantillons de 500 consommateurs de culture collectiviste et 507 consommateurs de culture individualiste, montrent que les individus ayant une conception de soi indépendante catégorisent les marques selon les attributs, alors que ceux ayant une conception de soi interdépendante catégorisent les marques selon l’occasion d’usage.
Rescue and Resistance in the Med
Authors: Fiori Juliano
Published: April 2019

In this interview, Caroline Abu Sa’Da, General Director of SOS MEDITERRANEE Suisse, discusses search-and-rescue operations in the Mediterranean Sea, in particular those conducted by her organisation. She explains that as a European citizen movement, SOS MEDITERRANEE has adopted a hybrid and politicised approach, which represents a new kind of humanitarian engagement. And she reflects on the challenges of protecting and supporting those crossing the Mediterranean.
The challenges of big data biology
Authors: Leonelli Sabina
Published: April 2019

The availability of big data has the potential to transform many areas of the life sciences and usher in new ways of doing research. Here, I argue that big data biology also raises fundamental questions in the philosophy of science: for example, what is a good dataset, and how can reliable knowledge be extracted from big data? Collaborations between biologists, data scientists and philosophers of science will help us to answer these and other questions.
Efficacy and potential of phage therapy against multidrug resistantShigellaspp.
Authors: Tang Swee-Seong , Biswas Sudhangshu Kumar , Tan Wen Siang , Saha Ananda Kumar , Leo Bey-Fen
Published: April 2019

Shigella-infected bacillary dysentery or commonly known as Shigellosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The gradual emergence of multidrug resistantShigellaspp. has triggered the search for alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Phage therapy could be one such suitable alternative, given its proven long term safety profile as well as the rapid expansion of phage therapy research. To be successful, phage therapy will need an adequate regulatory framework, effective strategies, the proper selection of appropriate phages, early solutions to overcome phage therapy limitations, the implementation of safety protocols, and finally improved public awareness. To achieve all these criteria and successfully apply phage therapy against multidrug resistant shigellosis, a comprehensive study is required. In fact, a variety of phage-based approaches and products including single phages, phage cocktails, mutated phages, genetically engineered phages, and combinations of phages with antibiotics have already been carried out to test the applications of phage therapy against multidrug resistantShigella.This review provides a broad survey of phage treatments from past to present, focusing on the history, applications, limitations and effective solutions related to, as well as the prospects for, the use of phage therapy against multidrug resistantShigellaspp. and other multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens.
Cafeteria diet increased adiposity in comparison to high fat diet in young male rats
Authors: Buyukdere Yucel , Gulec Atila , Akyol Asli
Published: April 2019

Background

Dietary intervention studies in animal models of obesity are crucial to elucidate the mechanistic effects of specific nutrients and diets. Although several models of diet induced obesity have been examined in rodents to assess obesity, there are few studies that have researched influence of different high fat and/or westernized diets. The aim of this study was to compare a high fat diet and a cafeteria diet on obesity related biochemical and physiological parameters in young male rats.

Methods

Five week old Wistar male rats were fed a control chow diet (C), butter-based high fat diet (HF) or cafeteria diet (CAF) for twelve weeks. In HF, 40% of energy came from fat and this ratio was 46% in CAF. CAF composed of highly energetic and palatable human foods along with chow diet. At the end of the feeding protocol all animals were culled using CO2asphyxia and cervical dislocation after an overnight fasting.

Results

Total energy and fat intake of CAF was significantly higher than C and HF. CAF was more effective in inducing obesity, as demonstrated by increased weight gain, Lee index, fat depot weights and total body fat in comparison to C and HF. Despite increased adiposity in CAF, plasma glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR levels were similar between the groups. Plasma leptin and cholesterol levels were markedly higher in CAF than C and HF.

Discussion

We have demonstrated that there are differential effects of high fat diet and cafeteria diet upon obesity and obesity-related parameters, with CAF leading to a more pronounced adiposity in comparison to high fat diet in young male rats. Future studies should consider the varied outcomes of different diet induced obesity models and development of a standardized approach in similar research practices.
HERVs, immunity, and autoimmunity: understanding the connection
Authors: Greenig Matthew
Published: April 2019

Since their discovery in the 1960s, further investigation into endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) has challenged the conventional view of viral sequences as exclusively parasitic elements. Once presumed to be a group of passive genetic relics, it is becoming increasingly clear that this view of ERVs, while generally accurate, is incorrect in many specific cases. Research has identified ERV genes that appear to be co-opted by their mammalian hosts, but the biological function of ERV elements in humans remains a controversial subject. One area that has attracted some attention in this domain is the role of co-opted ERV elements in mammalian immune systems. The relationship between ERVs and human autoimmune diseases has also been investigated, but has historically been treated as a separate topic. This review will summarize the current evidence concerning the phenotypic significance of ERVs, both in the healthy immune system and in manifestations of autoimmunity. Furthermore, it will evaluate the relationship between these fields of study, and propose previously-unexplored molecular mechanisms through which human endogenous retroviruses might contribute to certain autoimmune pathologies. Investigation into these novel mechanisms could further our understanding of the molecular basis of autoimmune disease, and may one day provide new targets for treatment.
Effects of Land Degradation on Agricultural Land Use: A Case Study of Smallholder Farmers Indigenous Knowledge on Land Use Planning and Management in Kalama Division, Machakos County
Authors: Muloo Masila Samson , Kioko Kauti Matheaus , Jacinta M. Kimiti
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of land degradation on agricultural land use, planning and management in Kalama Division, Machakos County; and specifically determined farmers’ considerations of land suitability for selected types of agricultural land uses in varying cropping zones, investigated farmers’ local environmental knowledge of land degradation indicators and finally documented farmers’ land management strategies and practices for soil and water conservation. Data was collected using a questionnaire, along a road transect cutting across upper, middle and lower zones (parts) of a slope. A total of 40 households along the transect on the three zones were interviewed. Results obtained revealed that crop farming, livestock, poultry, farm forestry and bee keeping were the major agricultural land use activities carried out in the study area. Overall, steep slope was the most important factor considered for farm forestry (17%) (5.29 STDEV). Bee farming was the least land use practice accounting for only 1% of total land use. Most land degradation (15%) was reported in the middle zone while lowest land degradation (7%) was reported in the upper zone. The study found out that most households were aware of land degradation indicators in their local environment and described them using their indigenous environmental knowledge. The smallholder farmers prevented further land degradation by use of their local or traditional ways such as application of organic manure, planting of trees, crop rotation, use of gabions and stone lines. Different zones had different land use and management practices due to differences in terrain and other physical and biophysical characteristics. Overall, the major land management practices included tree planting (23%) (4.04 STDEV) and water conservation and gabion making (10%) (2.52 STDEV). This study clearly established an existence of smallholder farmers’ indigenous knowledge, perceptions, and beliefs of the local environmental factors of land condition which are necessary for the farmer’s decision-making on land use planning and management. On the basis of these findings, the study argues for place-based analysis and understanding of the landscape structure and local micro-environments in enhancing understanding of local-level decision-making on land use planning and management by smallholder farmers in maintaining livelihood security. Even though the study is limited to the local scope, it can provide a basis for designing policies aimed at rural livelihood security improvement and inform and facilitate targeting of outside interventions such as land use planning and management programs which can be built on existing indigenous knowledge.
Evaluation of Different Compositions of Organic Fuel for Biogas Production Using Fuzzy Modeling
Authors: Ostrovskij Mihail , Werner Uwe
Published: April 2019

Production of biogas is dependent on composition of organic fuel. Evaluation of different compositions of organic fuel for biogas production using fuzzy modeling was conducted. Eleven variants of composition were determined. For evaluation of these variants an existing method based on the use of fuzzy indicator models was utilized. Results of computation for variable “The electrical energy yield” indicated that composition of organic fuel (variant 11) was the best alternative.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Anti-diabetic Effect of Mucuna puriens Extract
Authors: Njemuwa N. Nwaji , Dickson N. Uduagwu , Elizabeth A. Elekwa , Uchenna R. Mgbenka , Ogbonnaya C. Njoku
Published: April 2019

Aims: To investigate the scientific basis for the anti-diabetic and antioxidant activity of Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae) leaf ethanolic extract using alloxan-induced diabetic rats, DPPH and ABTS assay.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria between October 2013 and May 2014.

Methodology: The polyphenol content was determined using Folin-Ciocaltu method and their linear relationship with antioxidant activity was evaluated using linear regression analysis. The antioxidant activity was determined using 1, 1-Diphenyl, 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and (2, 2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical assay. The active ingredients in the ethanolic extract were isolated using HPLC method. Also the ant-diabetic activity was determined in vivo using alloxan-induced diabetic wister rats.  

Results: Ethanol extract showed the highest phenolic content as well as highest antioxidant activity. A strong relationship was found between phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. The HPLC analysis indicates the presence of gallic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, quercetin and (+)-catechin. The ethanolic extract at the concentration of 400 mg/kg significantly (P<0.001) increased the intracellular antioxidant enzymes and reduced the elavated serum lipids and showed more active than the reference drug (metformin).

Conclusion: Based on the obtained result, the antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity demonstrated by Mucuna pruriens leaf extracts provide good evidence to support the traditional use of this plant in treatment of diabetics.
Prolonged Administration of Leaf Extract of Ocimum gratissimum Reduces RBC, PCV and Platelet Count but Increases Total WBC and Lymphocyte Counts in Rats
Authors: Aribo E. O. , Ofem O. E. , Moses M. E.
Published: April 2019

Background: Ocimum gratissimum is an ethnopharmacological plant with numerous healing potentials. But there is paucity in scientific literature on its impact on the blood cells.

Aim and Objective: The present study was intended to evaluate the dose and time-dependent effect of aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum on some haematological in albino Wistar rats.

Methods: Twenty four rats were randomly assigned to four equal groups. Group 1 was control, groups 2, 3 and 4 were given 450 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg and 1800 mg/kg respectively of the extract daily for 30 days. All rats had free access to water and rat chow.

Results: The result showed a significantly lower RBC count in groups 3 and 4 when compared with control (p<0.05 and p<0.01 respectively). PCV was significantly lower in group 4 than control (p<0.05). Platelet count was significantly lower in group 4 than control (p<0.05) and group 2 (p<0.05). A significant increase in WBC count was observed in groups 2 and 3 when compared with control (p<0.05 and p<0.01 respectively). A significant reduction in neutrophil count was observed in groups 2, 3 and 4 compared with control (p<0.05; p< 0.05 and p<0.01 respectively). There were significant increases in lymphocyte counts in groups 2, 3 and 4 when compared with control (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.01 respectively). There were no significant changes in MCV, MCH and MCHC in the groups.

Conclusion: In conclusion, aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum causes reduction in RBC count, PCV, platelet count and neutrophil count but causes increases in total WBC count and lymphocyte count.
Chronic Oral Administration of Ocimum gratissimum Leaf Extract Induced Gastrointestinal Necrosis in Treated Albino Rats
Authors: Udoha M. U. , Okolie N. J. , Ijioma S. N.
Published: April 2019

Aim: This study was designed to investigate the effect on of Ocimum gratissimum leaves extract on the histology of the gastrointestinal tract in rats.

Study Design: Adult rats of both sexes were used for the work. The study was carried out at the Departments of Physiology and Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria between September 2014 and January, 2015.

Methodology: Fifty adult albino rats and 35 Mice were used for the study. The mice were used for acute toxicity study while the rats were divided into five groups of 10 rats each and were used for the histological study. Groups 2-5 were assigned different dose levels of OGLE in the order 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg respectively while group 1 was given only feed and water. Treatment was given by the oral route and lasted for 28 days.

Results: Phytochemical compounds identified in the extract include protein and carbohydrate which occurred in high amounts, tannins, flavonoids and glycosides in moderate quantities, saponins, steroids and phenolic compounds in low amounts while tannins and alkaloids were absent. An LD50 and ED50 values of 2075 mg/kg and 850 mg/kg body weight respectively were obtained for the extract with a Therapeutic Index value of 2.44. Chronic oral administration of the extract also caused various degrees of histological changes in the gastrointestinal tract in all treated animals with significant erosions of the mucosa and submucosa. The gastrointesinal necrosis produced by Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract after long term treatment was dose dependent with 100 mg/kg inducing only mild necrosis of the villi, 200 mg/kg, a higher necrosis of the villi, while 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg induced severe necrosis of both the villi and the intestinal mucosa.

Conclusion: Results obtained from this study therefore suggest that Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract is rich in bioactive compounds and may be well tolerated at low to moderate doses during short term treatment but may cause gastrointestinal erosions when used continuously over a long period.
Effect of Different Drying Techniques on the Nutrients Content of Fish Feedstuffs
Authors: Mamman T. , Ipinjolu J. K. , Shamsuddeen B. K. , Jibrin H. , Mohammed U.
Published: April 2019

The study investigated the effect of different drying techniques (air dying, oven drying and sun drying) on the proximate composition of three fish feedstuffs; Horse radish (Moringa oleifera) leaves, water lily (Pistia stratiotes) leaves and soy bean (Glysine max) seed.  The soy bean was boiled for 30 minutes at 100°C in water bath to reduce the effect of anti-nutritional factor (trypsin). Samples of each feedstuff were prepared and subjected to the three dying methods in triplicate treatments. Determination of proximate composition was carried out on the dried and fresh samples of each feedstuff. The results showed that moisture content of fresh M. oleifera  leaves (65%) and P. stratiotes leaves (85.67%)  were significantly higher (P< 0.05) than fresh G. max (2.67%). Higher crude protein content of 23.97% and 22.50% were recorded for oven-dried M. oleifera and P. stratiotes leaves and 39.21% for fresh G. max with no significant difference (P> 0.05) between the treatments. Crude lipid was significantly higher for sun dried samples of all the feedstuffs. Oven-dried samples of the three feedstuffs had the least ash, crude fiber and nitrogen free extract. The study concluded that oven drying at moderate temperature of 700C proved to be more effective in moisture removal and retention of crude protein. Furthermore, the study recommends a feeding trial to assess the potential of these feedstuffs subjected to various drying methods on growth and nutrients utilization of cultivable fish species.