bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redesign of Medication and Supply Distribution in a Day Surgery Center
Authors: Drescher Nadine Iris
Published: August 2006

The day surgery center at NYU Hospitals Center installed an automated medication and supply distribution system as part of its facility renovation. A constricted Manhattan site prohibited physical expansion, so space efficiency became top priority. Goals also included increasing revenue, positioning for managed care contracting, improving access to supplies and medications, use tracking and inventory adjustment, documenting and tracking, accurate charging, and enhancing patient and staff member satisfaction. Space efficiencies achieved via automated distribution enabled planners to save one OR, which generates approximately $1 million in revenue annually. Demonstrated quarterly cost savings total $35,615, for an expected $142,460 in annual savings. The number of full‐time employees did not increase from the amount budgeted for the prior system in any department participating in implementing the new system. AORN J 72 (Nov 2000) 854–861.
Perioperative Documentation in Finland
Authors: Junttila K. , Salantera S. , Hupli M.
Published: August 2006

In Finland, research studies about perioperative documentation are few, and there are no professional recommendations for perioperative documentation, such as AORN s Standards, Recommended Practices, and Guidelines. Exploring current documentation practices and contents used in Finland is the first step to establishing a standard for perioperative documentation. The need for this type of exploration resulted in a study that found that the aim of nursing documentation is not always clear, and current documentation practice does not necessarily reveal the decision making that directs patient care, demonstrate nursing resources needed, or provide data for evaluating and developing perioperative practice. Education, motivation, and computerization generally were mentioned as a means to develop documentation. AORN J 72 (Nov 2000) 862–877.
A Phenomenologic Study of How Perioperative Nurses Perceive Their Work World
Authors: Chard Robin R.
Published: August 2006

As health care facilities restructure and downsize, many are evaluating the value of RNs as members of the health care team. While many studies have been done about how health care systems measure value, no studies have been found that focus on areas of concern from the perspective of nurses who actually work in the OR. This article details the results of a phenomenologic study that used one‐on‐one interviews to ask five perioperative nurses how they perceive their work world. By telling the nurses stories, five essential themes of being a nurse in the perioperative work world emerged. AORN J, 72 (Nov 2000) 878–889.
Historical Development of Latex Allergy
Authors: Dyck Reuben J.
Published: August 2006

Latex allergy has become an increasing problem for both patients and health care providers. This article presents an overview of the historical background of latex and how it was developed. This information is helpful in understanding our current reliance on and problems associated with latex use. AORN J 72 (July 2000) 27–40.
Perioperative Care of Patients with Latex Allergy
Authors: Davis Blanca Rosa
Published: August 2006

Initially identified in the pediatric population, latex allergy and sensitivity now are seen at increasingly higher rates in all age groups, and are especially prevalent in health care workers. Knowledge about the sources of latex in the environment, the signs and symptoms seen in latex sensitivity and allergic reaction, risk tactors for sensitivity, and how to assess patients and those working in the health care profession for possible latex sensitivity is important for perioperative nurses. AORN J 72 (July 2000) 47–54.
Preparation, Experience, and Aftermath of Hurricane Floyd
Authors: Campese Claudia
Published: August 2006

In September 1999, Hurricane Floyd threatened the southeastern coast of the United States, causing the largest peacetime evacuation in history. The hurricane moved onto land when it curved northward and slammed into southeastern North Carolina near Wilmington and Cape Fear. This region already had experienced three hurricanes in recent years and had been brushed by Hurricane Dennis one month earlier. This article describes actions taken by the New Hanover Regional Medical Center surgical services department in Wilmington, NC, to prepare for and weather the storm. The aftermath and cleanup also are discussed. AORN J 72 (July 2000) 82–93.
Vancomycin use in Pediatric Neurosurgery Patients
Authors: Coughlin Maryanne K.
Published: August 2006

Vancomycin use in Pediatric Neurosurgery Patients, S Shah, American Journal of Infection Control, 27, December 1999, 482–487
A Woman's Decision: Breast Care, Treatment, and Reconstruction
Authors: Jansen Lillian
Published: August 2006

A Woman's Decision: Breast Care, Treatment, and Reconstruction, Karen Berger, John Bostwick, third, 1998, paperback, 680 pp $18.50
Ultrasound Use in Cardiothoracic Surgery
Authors: Heckman Rod
Published: August 2006

With the advent of minimally invasive surgical techniques, patients in the United States currently are undergoing safer, more comfortable surgical procedures than in the past. Traditionally, saphenous vein harvesting techniques involved open surgical techniques that could become sources of postoperative complications, including pain, poor wound healing, increased length of hospital stay, and higher costs for the patient and hospital. These complications were the impetus for developing minimally invasive techniques for vein harvesting. Minimally invasive saphenous vein harvesting is performed through small incisions and subcutaneous tunnels. The procedure offers an atraumatic conduit for the coronary artery bypass procedure and decreases the number of leg wound complications. Ultrasound devices currently offer a quick, accurate method for locating veins before harvest, thereby avoiding wound complications and injuries. AORN J 73 (Jan 2001) 144–165.
The Use of Neuromodulation for Treatment of Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Buback Debbie
Published: August 2006

Urinary incontinence (UI) affects many people in the United States. Although the prevalence of UI increases with age, it should not be considered part of the normal aging process. Medication to relax the bladder and behavioral therapy have been used to treat patients suffering from UI, but they often are unsuccessful or poorly tolerated. Neuromodulation through sacral nerve stimulation is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for treatment of urge incontinence. Neuromodulation is becoming the next logical step at many centers for treating urge incontinence after the failure of more conservative measures. AORN J 73 (Jan 2001) 176–190.
The CNS's Impact on Process and Outcomes of Patients with Total Knee Replacement
Authors: King Cecil A.
Published: August 2006

The CNS's Impact On Process And Outcomes Of Patients With Total Knee Replacement, EC Wheeler, Clinical Nurse Specialist, 14, July 2000, 159–169
Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation
Authors: Axton Carol Anne
Published: August 2006

KIDNEY AND PANCREAS TRANSPLANTATION By Ingemar J. A. Davidson 1998, 228 pp $45 wire bound
Burn Care
Authors: Lyon Karen C. , Lyon Charles M.
Published: August 2006

Burn Care, Steven E. Wolf, David N. Herndon, 1998, paperback, 131 pp $45
Mechanical Circulatory Support
Authors: Smith Kay Lambert
Published: August 2006

MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT By Wayne E. Richenbacher 1999, 230 pp $45 wire bound
Preparing Children for Surgery—an Integrative Research Review
Authors: O' Conner‐Van Susan
Published: August 2006

The purpose of this integrative research review was to determine the methodological and substantive characteristics of the research pertaining to preparation of children for surgery, examine pertinent research issues, and suggest recommendations for future research and practice. A total of 400 articles were reviewed using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty‐two studies, published between 1974 and 1995, met the criteria and, therefore, constituted the study corpus. The total sample comprised 1,263 subjects. Findings indicate that further research is needed to examine the efficacy of preparation strategies, address diverse populations, and include patient and parent involvement in the preparation process. AORN J 71(Feb 2000) 334–343.
Perioperative Data Elements: Interventions and Outcomes
Authors: Beyea Suzanne C.
Published: August 2006

In 1999, the American Nurses Association's committee on nursing practice recognized AORN's Perioperative Nursing Data Set (PNDS) as a data set useful in the practice of nursing. The PNDS is a standardized nursing language specific to perioperative settings that is both clinically relevant and empirically validated. This data set is the culmination of six years of effort by AORN and AORN staff members to develop a standardized language that is clearly defined, common to all cases, and consistent across time. AORN J 71 (February 2000) 344–352.
TRAM Flap Breast Reconstruction with Expanders and Implants
Authors: Moran S.L. , Herceg S. , Kurtelawicz K. , Serletti J.M.
Published: August 2006

Breast reconstruction has become an essential part of breast cancer management. The transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap has replaced the prosthetic implant as the first choice for breast reconstruction. There are several incidences in which the volume of autogenous tissue cannot fulfill the requirements for symmetric reconstruction, especially in those patients with limited abdominal tissue and large ptotic breasts. The TRAM flap can be combined with tissue expanders and implants to obtain symmetry in these difficult reconstructive situations. AORN J 71 (Feb 2000) 354–362
Body Contouring with Ultrasound‐assisted Lipoplasty
Authors: Moss Rose , Moss Charles J. , Broadway David R.
Published: August 2006

Lipoplasty (ie, liposuction) is the most commonly performed cosmetic surgical procedure in the United States. During the past 20 years, there have been dramatic technological advancements in both surgical technique and equipment used to improve postoperative outcomes. As a result, perioperative nurses are faced with the challenge of providing quality care for this patient population in a variety of ambulatory surgical settings with highly specialized equipment. Perioperative team members play significant roles in the coordination of individualized patient‐focused care, which includes detailed instructions and education, appropriate use and care of equipment, and postoperative follow‐up. The efforts of the team members contribute to positive surgical outcomes, as well as to overall patient satisfaction. AORN J 71 (Feb 2000) 370–385.
Monitoring for Intraoperative‐Awareness
Authors: Ouellette Sandra M. , Simpson Chrysanne
Published: August 2006

Despite advances in anesthetic technique and technology, intraoperative awareness continues to occur with alarming regularity. The psychological effects on patients and the medicolegal consequences to providers have created the need for a reliable monitor of the hypnotic component of anesthesia. A new technology known as bispectral analysis (BIS) has the potential to put an end to the devastating occurrence of intraoperative awareness, as well as improve the overall effectiveness of anesthetic delivery and the surgical experience. Applicable to almost any situation requiring sedation or general anesthesia, BIS's reliability is a real‐time measure of hypnosis levels.
Renal Transplantation
Authors: Wallace Miriam A.
Published: August 2006

Medical and scientific advances have improved the diagnosis and treatment of kidney disorders. Organ transplantation has evolved from an experimental surgery to a medically accepted form of treatment for organ failure. The kidney was the first organ to be successfully replaced by a donor organ, and it is presently the most commonly transplanted organ. Kidney transplantation restores reasonably normal health to patients whose kidneys no longer function, and it frees them from the limitations imposed by dialysis. Improved graft survival rates have further enhanced the desirability of transplantation. AORN J 68 (December 1998) 964‐993.
The First Modern Operating Room in America
Authors: Clemons Bette J.
Published: August 2006

The modern OR was a vital addition to aseptic technique and essential to the development of invasive surgery, and many people do not realize that it needed to be “invented.” Gustav Neuber, William S. Halsted, Charles McBurney, and others pioneered the necessary changes in practices and the environment to protect the patient from infection. This article presents the history behind the evolvement of the modern OR and discusses changes in the structures of some facilities as awareness increased about the principles of asepsis. AORN J 71 (Jan 2000) pages.
Pharmacotherapeutics of Positive Inotropes
Authors: Morrill Paula
Published: August 2006

Pharmacology is integrated in all areas of nursing practice. From the most basic entry level to the most advanced clinical practice, nursing curriculums are not complete without pharmacology. The word “pharmacology” often makes nurses and other health care professionals feel uneasy. Pharmacology implies complicated words and formulas that seem foreign, recalled only from one's most distant recollections of college years. For many health care providers, courses in pharmacology are taken before they care for patients, leaving them with little practical experience from which to relate. Education involves not simply learning and doing, but also applying knowledge. A basic understanding of pharmacology is needed to break down the barriers of pharmacologic communication and put the clinician at ease with terminology so often used by the medical community. AORN J 71 (Jan 2000) 173–185.
Pediatric Septic Arthritis
Authors: Salzbach Robin
Published: August 2006

Acute septic arthritis, or septic joint, results from bacterial invasion of the joint space. Infecting organisms can invade any joint through the bloodstream, from adjacent osteomyelitis, or through direct inoculation of the wound. Although this can occur at any age, children are particularly susceptible and must be treated rapidly by joint aspiration, arthrotomy, or by a combination of procedures. AORN J 70 (Dec 1999) 988–1002.
Using Adult Learning Principles for Perioperative Orientation Programs
Authors: Nelson Fraulein S.
Published: August 2006

New graduates and experienced nurses who choose perioperative nursing need comprehensive training because of the specialized nature of the OR. A comprehensive orientation program results in quality care for patients. This article presents four adult learning principles and strategies for orienting new nurses to the OR. The strategies suggest a framework for developing, organizing, or revising a perioperative nursing orientation program. The program gives nurses who are interested in perioperative nursing the opportunity to enter this specialty.AORN J 70(Dec 1999) 1046–1058.
Small Diameter, Actively Deflectable, Flexible Ureteropyeloscopy
Authors: Coughlin Maryanne K.
Published: August 2006

Small Diameter, Actively Deflectable, Flexible Ureteropyeloscopy, M Grasso, D Bagley, Journal of Urology, 160, November 1998, 1648–1654
End‐of‐Life Care: A Survey of US Neurologists' Attitudes, Behavior, and Knowledge
Authors: Schroeter Kathryn
Published: August 2006

End‐of‐Life Care: A Survey of US Neurologists' Attitudes, Behavior, and Knowledge, AC Carver, Neurology, 53, July 1999, 284–293
Clinical Delegation Skills: A Handbook for Professional Practice
Authors: Lawrence Maj Ardene M.
Published: August 2006

Clinical Delegation Skills: A Handbook for Professional Practice, second ed By Ruth I. Hansten, Marilynn J. Washburn 1998, 350 pp $39 paperback
Inadvertent Hypothermia in the OR
Authors: Arndt Kenley
Published: August 2006

Hypothermia is one of the most common problems that patients experience in the perioperative environment. Hypothermia causes more problems for the patient than the mere unpleasant experience of feeling cold. Additional nursing interventions are required for a patient suffering from inadvertent hypothermia, which often delays the patient's discharge from the perioperative setting. Many of the nursing interventions that are successful in preventing hypothermia and restoring body heat to surgical patients, such as applying a warmed blanket to a patient's body, seem straightforward. Understanding the cause and effects of inadvertent hypothermia, however, is essential in recognizing it and implementing the most effective nursing interventions. AORN J 70 (Aug 1999) 204–214.
Regulatory Statutes and Issues—Clinical Accountability in Perioperative Settings
Authors: Otto Dorothy A.
Published: August 2006

Nursing regulations exist to protect and benefit the health, safety, and welfare of the individual. Accountability is a multifaceted concept with many interpretations. All nurses are expected to engage in professional role activities appropriate to their education, experience, and position. Ultimately, nurses are accountable to themselves, their patients, and their peers for their professional nursing actions. This article addresses regulatory statutes and other issues of importance in the perioperative setting, including ethical and legal considerations, patient advocacy, delegation of tasks to unlicensed assistive personnel, and selected expanded roles in perioperative nursing practice. AORN J 70 (Aug 1999) 241–252.
Moveable Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Systems in the OR
Authors: Leblanc Pamela A. , Aubry Brenda , Gervin Marcia
Published: August 2006

Recently, the Seaman Family Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, unveiled leading technology with its moveable intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. The new system, which is housed in the OR, allows surgeons to use well‐established neurosurgical techniques and instrumentation with the convenience of moving the high‐resolution magnet in and out of the surgical field at any time. This mobility provides surgical team members with updated images that are vital to ensuring quality and determining the effect of surgery on brain structure and function. Based on experiences with the first 48 patients, this article describes the intraoperative MRI method and provides pertinent guidelines for safe perioperative care using this Innovative MRI system. AORN J 70 (Aug 1999) 254–267.
Automating the Supply Chain in the OR
Authors: Graham Jim , Brewer Martha S. , Theresa Byrd Valencia
Published: August 2006

At the University of Louisville (Ky) Hospital, staff members from the materials management and surgery departments have worked together to automate the supply chain. The goals were to remove supply activities from clinical staff members whenever possible, obtain and apply information for better product ordering and use, reduce personnel in the materials management department, and improve perioperative nurses' ability to obtain supplies—all at a decreased cost to the facility. This article describes how, after implementing point‐of‐service technology for all surgical supplies, the facility realized a cost‐per‐procedure savings of 16% and increased satisfaction among staff members in both departments. AORN J 70 (Aug 1999) 268–276.
Emotional Quotient Management as a Dynamic Approach to Challenges
Authors: Clark Timothy
Published: August 2006

As patient advocates, perioperative nurses must view all patients as individuals and meet every action and response with a commitment to providing individualized quality care. To do this, it is essential for perioperative nurses to overcome unproductive thought processes that can negatively affect their daily practice and how they view their jobs. This article explores an approach called Emotional Quotient Management, which uses six steps to teach people to overcome negative emotions, stay in control, and remain focused on success and happiness. AORN J 70 (Aug 1999) 277–282.
Evidence‐Informed Patient Choice. Practical Issues of Involving Patients in Decisions About Health Care Technologies
Authors: McConnell Edwina A.
Published: August 2006

Evidence‐Informed Patient Choice. Practical Issues of Involving Patients in Decisions About Health Care Technologies, VA Entwistle, International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 14, Spring 1998, 212–225
When the News is Bad: A Guide for Health Care Professionals, First ed
Authors: Garrett Caroline K.
Published: August 2006

When the News is Bad: A Guide for Health Care Professionals, First ed By Ann Faulkner 1998, 156 pp $21 paperback
Jagged Rhythms
Authors: Hatem Chrystine
Published: August 2006

Jagged Rhythms By Carol Battaglia 1997, 89 pp $12.95 paperback
Osteochondral Autotransfer—Newer Treatment for Chondral Defects
Authors: Onstott Anne T. , Moczo Audrey , Harris N. Lindsay
Published: August 2006

Osteoarthritis is believed to be accelerated by full thickness defects of articular cartilage. This article describes emerging therapies, including mosaicplasty autologous (ie, the patient's own) graft and autologous chondrocyte implantation techniques. Patients with chondral defects caused by a variety of possible pathologies experience positive implications, including return to normal function and delaying the onset of osteoarthritis. AORN J 71 (April 2000) 843–851.
Clinical Practice Guidelines—An Organizational Effort
Authors: Beyea Suzanne C.
Published: August 2006

In response to the national trend toward developing clinical practice guidelines, AORN set out to create practice guidelines specific to perioperative nursing. In this effort, a designated group of individuals began defining and reviewing guidelines from other organizations and determining parameters for developing AORN's own patient‐focused, comprehensive, research‐based guidelines. Clinical practice guidelines now have been published in AORN's Standards, Recommended Practices, and Guidelines, and a template has been established to help other AORN members create and implement guidelines for clinical conditions, common procedures, or patient populations specific to perioperative nursing practice. AORN J 71 (April 2000) 852–858.
Effect of Compensation and Patient Scheduling on OR Labor Costs
Authors: Macario Alex , Dexter Franklin
Published: August 2006

To determine whether to accept a contract to provide additional surgical cases, OR managers must determine the incremental costs of caring for the new patients. The expected profitability of the contract can be computed by subtracting the incremental costs from the revenue. For surgical procedures, the incremental costs of OR labor significantly depend on how employees are paid (eg, part‐time versus full‐time). If a surgical suite employs full‐time staff members, incremental labor costs also are affected by how the day and time of patients' cases are selected (eg, whether new cases are scheduled weeks in advance by the surgeon and the patient, or are performed on short notice based on the discretion of the surgical suite). This article explains how to estimate the incremental costs of staffing an OR for a case and discusses the use of internet‐based online exchanges to match demand for OR time for additional cases to available unused OR capacity in a variety of surgical suites. AORN J 71 (April 2000) 860–869.
Patient Satisfaction with an Outpatient Endoscopic Service
Authors: Lee Calvin Rosie
Published: August 2006

Patient Satisfaction with an Outpatient Endoscopic Service, J Sincock, SV Dunn, L Pretty, Gastroenterology Nursing, Vol 22, September/October 1999, 193–198
Clinical Genetics in Nursing Practice
Authors: Davis Rebecca J.
Published: August 2006

CLINICAL GENETICS IN NURSING PRACTICE, second ed By Felissa R. (Cohen) Lashley 1998, 543 pp $79 hardcover
Managing the New Generation
Authors: Dunn‐Cane Kathleen , Gonzalez Joan , Stewart Hildegarde
Published: August 2006

As the Silent Generation quickly approaches retirement, and the Baby Boomer generation moves into management and supervisory roles, a new generation is entering the workforce. Generation Xers were born between 1965 and 1975, at a time when the country experienced high prices, wage inflation, stagnant consumer demands, and increased unemployment. Perhaps as a result, newcomers to today's workforce often have different characteristics, behavioral traits, and belief systems from their predecessors. To effectively supervise and motivate individuals from this unique generation, health care managers must begin by understanding the evolutions that have shaped each generation and influenced the workforce. In doing so, managers can create a thriving multigenerational work environment and embrace supervisory concepts that attract and motivate the new generation. AORN J 69 (May 1999) 930–940.
Prion Diseases—An Evidence‐based Protocol for Infection Control
Authors: Steelman Victoria M.
Published: August 2006

Prion diseases are fatal, infectious, neurodegenerative disorders with special implications for infection control in the OR. The causative agent is highly resistant to disinfection and sterilization processes and has been transmitted during health care interactions. It is important to use evidence gained through research and case reports to minimize risk of infection. This article describes an infection control protocol developed for identifying high‐risk patients, providing perioperative care, decontaminating the OR, and protecting health care personnel. This protocol provides multidisciplinary team members with a guideline for preventing transmission of these fatal diseases. AORN J 69 (May 1999) 946–967.
Ethical Perception and Resulting Action in Perioperative Nurses
Authors: Schroeter Kathryn
Published: August 2006

This study examined whether perioperative nurses (n = 40) were able to perceive and identify selected ethical issues occurring within their practice setting. The nurses described ethical conflicts and identified factors influential to their ethical decision making. The issues reported were organized Into five categories: consent/advocacy, impaired provijer/potential for unsafe practice, misrepresentation by care provider, disrespect for patient and provider judgment/competency. The results of this study support that perioperattve nurses both perceive and identify specific ethical issues in the surgical environment. Analysis of their reported actions revealed that the most common methods used for ethical conflict resolution were reporting to the immediate supervisor or personally confronting those directly involved. AORNJ69 (May 1999) 991–1002.
Clinical Impact of Preoperative Respiratory Syncytial Virus Testing
Authors: Manworren R. , Conner C. , Myers M. , McCarthy K.
Published: August 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine if preoperative assessment (ie, physical examination and history review) of pediatric patients can predict positive test results for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, surgery cancellations, and adverse anesthetic outcomes. Approximately 400 pediatric patients were identified for the study from infection control statistics and classified by RSV test result and surgery cancellation status into three groups for analyses. Researchers analyzed retrospective chart data of preoperative histories and physical findings using one way analysis of variance to compare age among the groups and Fisher's exact test to compare patient characteristics and signs and symptoms of illness. The results show that active RSV infection cannot be predicted by history and physical findings alone. In addition, patients who had a history of pulmonary disease and who were wheezing at the time of their examinations were more likely to have their surgeries cancelled, independent of positive test results for RSV infection. AORN J 69 (May 1999) 1003–1013.
Changes in Bacterial Flora Associated with Skin Damage on Hands of Health Care Personnel
Authors: Coughlin Maryanne K.
Published: August 2006

Changes in Bacterial Flora Associated with Skin Damage on Hands of Health Care Personnel, EL Larson, 26, October 1998, American Journal of Infection Control, 513–521
Long‐Term Chest Wall Discomfort in Women after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: McConnell Edwina A.
Published: August 2006

Long‐Term Chest Wall Discomfort in Women after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, MA Rowe, KB King, 27, May/June 1998, Heart & Lung, 184–188
Women's Cancers: How to Prevent Them, How to Treat Them, How to Beat Them
Authors: Rustermier Karen
Published: August 2006

Women's Cancers: How to Prevent Them, second ed. McGinn Kerry, A. Haylock, Pamela J., How to Treat Them, How to Beat Them, 1998, paperback, 492 pp $19.95
Issues Surrounding Xenotransplantation
Authors: Derenge Sara , Rossman Bartucci Marilyn
Published: August 2006

Currently there is a shortage of cadaver organs that can be transplanted from one human being to another. In response to this shortage, scientists and medical researchers have developed techniques for transplanting animal organs into humans, a procedure known as xenotransplantation. This may address the shortage of organs for patients in need; however, it raises other concerns related to cross‐species disease transmission, consent issues, ethical issues of sacrificing animals for their organs, psychological issues of receiving organs from an animal, religious concerns, and economic factors. These medical, ethical, and philosophical issues need to be thoroughly addressed before xenotransplantation becomes a reality. AORN J 70 (Sept 1999) 428–432.
Etiology and Incidence of Pressure Ulcers in Surgical Patients
Authors: Schultz Alyce A. , Bien Maureen , Dumond Karen , Brown Kathleen , Myers Amanda
Published: August 2006

This experimental study was designed to identify the etiology of pressure ulcers in a surgical sample and to evaluate a special OR mattress overlay in preventing pressure ulcer development. Surgical patients (N = 413) were randomized to receive “usual perioperative care” or the new mattress overlay. Over six postoperative days, 89 patients (21.5%) developed pressure ulcers, primarily stage I. Only 2% developed stage II or IV ulcers. Patients with ulcers were statistically older, had diabetes, were smaller in body mass, had lower Braden Scale scores on admission, and used the new mattress overlay (P < .02). Pressure ulcers that presented as “burns” or ecchymosis did not deteriorate to stage III or IV ulcers during the study. The mattress overlay was not effective in preventing pressure ulcer development. AORN J 70 (Sept 1999) 434–449.
The RN First Assistant's Role in a Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Kaar Jody
Published: August 2006

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most frequently performed laparoscopic procedures today and involves the same surgical principles as an open cholecystectomy, except that access to the abdomen is gained transabdominally using video laparoscopic techniques and instrumentation. Registered nurse first assistants (RNFAs) provide retraction and tissue exposure for the surgeon during this procedure and should be aware of safe laparoscopic surgical techniques and potential injuries that can occur from manipulation of surrounding structures. The experience and expertise of the RNFA when assisting in a laparoscopic cholecystectomy are key to the successful completion of the surgery. AORN J 70 (Sept 1999) 455–460.
Postlaryngospasm Pulmonary Edema in Adults
Authors: Baltimore Jane J.
Published: August 2006

Laryngospasm is a potential serious complication of intubation. Pulmonary edema can develop after laryngospasm and can affect any patient who has been intubated. Postlaryngospasm pulmonary edema is potentially life threatening and can result in reintubation, mechanical ventilation, admission to an intensive care unit, and a prolonged hospitalization for the patient. Perioperative nurses play a significant role in the prompt detection, diagnosis, and treatment of this syndrome. AORN J 70 (Sept 1999) 468–479.
The Perioperative Nurse and the Organ Donation Experience
Authors: Lilly Kathleen T. , Langley Vernon L.
Published: August 2006

Most OR nurses whether veteran or novice have had some exposure to organ donation; however, few are aware of what occurs outside of the surgical setting. This article provides an overview of the entire donation process, from the hours before the procedure to the steps needed for successful recovery. Particular attention is given to the care of the donor family members, both preoperatively and postrecovery. AORN J 69 (April 1999) 779–791.
Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Krug Penny
Published: August 2006

The most common form of sleep apnea is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). It is characterized by the cessation of nasal airflow with persistence of ventilatory effort, as shown by paradoxical chest and abdominal movement, and varying degrees of oxygen desaturation. This article describes current methods of diagnosing OSA and available treatment for OSA and snoring. AORN J 69 (April 1999) 792‐801.
Stomach Tumors and Gastric Surgery
Authors: Madick Susan S.
Published: August 2006

Malignant and benign tumors of the stomach must be resected. Some can be removed endoscopically, but larger lesions must be removed via traditional surgical methods. This article provides an overview of malignant and benign stomach tumors and outlines the determination of diagnosis and the recommended treatment. It describes different types of gastric surgery and the RN first assistant's role in these procedures. A case study of a rare type of benign stomach tumor also is presented. AORN J 69 (April 1999) 824–832.
Racial and Gender Differences in Quality of Life Following Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Calvin Rosie Lee
Published: August 2006

Racial and Gender Differences in Quality of Life Following Kidney Transplantation, CD Johnson, Image: The Journal of Nursing Scholarship, Vol 30, Second quarter 1998, 125–130
In Search of the Abominable Consent Form: The Impact of Readability and Personalization
Authors: Schroeter Kathryn
Published: August 2006

In Search of the Abominable Consent Form: The Impact of Readability and Personalization, L Wagner, S Davis, MM Handelsman, Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol 54, January 1998, 115–120
Daring to Dream: Cultivating Corporate Creativity Through Dreamwork
Authors: Gottschalk Janie
Published: August 2006

By Anjali Hazarika 1997, 207 pp $17.95, paperback
Light & Death: One Doctor's Fascinating Account of Near‐Death Experiences
Authors: Pashley Helen Starbuck
Published: August 2006

By Michael Sabom 1998, 240 pp $12.99, paperback
Critical Thinking's Role in Perioperative Patient Safety Outcomes
Authors: Reavis Catherine W. , Sandidge Jennifer , Bauer Kristen
Published: August 2006

Despite education, training, tools, and standards, patient safety issues continue to be of concern when it comes to perioperative care. The problem of intraoperative injuries, therefore, may lie in perioperative nurses' implementation of safety measures that require critical thinking. This qualitative study lends insight into the critical thinking or decision‐making processes of nurses who implement these perioperative safety measures. Findings from this data analysis have led to perioperative recommendations that may enhance patient safety outcomes.
Transfusion‐free Surgery is a Treatment Plan for All Patients
Authors: Trovarelli Tricia , Kahn Barbara , Vernon Sharon
Published: August 2006

Due to the increased risks associated with allogenic blood transfusion, blood management in surgical procedures, especially in orthopedic settings, should include reduction of perioperative blood loss. Preoperative nursing assessment will help define patients at increased risk for transfusion. Both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic techniques can help minimize allogenic transfusion by reducing blood loss. One such method of managing anemia and reducing patient exposure to allogenic transfusion is the perioperative use of recombinant human erythropoietin—erythropoietin alfa—an innovative surgical blood management tool. Increased awareness by perioperative nurses of the use of erythropoietin alfa and patient implications can contribute to the overall blood conservation goal. AORN J 68 (Nov 1998) 773‐784.
Anatomy and Physiology of the Kidney
Authors: Wallace Miriam A.
Published: August 2006

The kidneys are complex organs, and they are vital in maintaining normal body functions. A human being's survival depends, to a large degree, on the crucial functions and processes performed by the kidneys. The renal system affects all parts of the body by keeping body fluids in balance and other organ systems functioning normally. Renal and urologic disorders may strike anyone at any age and at any time. An estimated 20 million Americans are affected with renal disorders each year.AORN J68 (Nov 1998) 800‐820.
Collecting and Analysing Qualitative Data: Issues Raised by the Focus Group
Authors: McConnell Edwina A.
Published: August 2006

Collecting and Analysing Qualitative Data: Issues Raised by the Focus Group, J Sim, Journal of Advanced Nursing, Vol 28, August 1998, 345–352
Impact of a 5‐Minute Scrub on the Microbial Flora Found on Artificial, Polished, or Natural Fingernails of Operating Room Personnel
Authors: Schroeter Kathryn
Published: August 2006

Impact of a 5‐Minute Scrub on the Microbial Flora Found on Artificial, Polished, or Natural Fingernails of Operating Room Personnel, E Edel, Nursing Research, Vol 47, January 1998, 54–59
Working in the Operating Department
Authors: Barton Ann
Published: August 2006

Working in the Operating Department, second ed By Bakul Kumar 1998, 317 pp $32.95 paperback
Evaluation and Testing in Nursing Education
Authors: Butz Kathleen P.
Published: August 2006

Evaluation and Testing in Nursing Education By Marilyn H. Oermann, Kathleen B. Gaberson 1998, 320 pp $43.95 hardcover
Stop Screaming at the Microwave
Authors: Koch Fran
Published: August 2006

Stop Screaming at the Microwave By Mary LoVerde 1998, 236 pp $12.00 paperback
Who's to blame: adolescent sexual activity
Authors: Kornfield Ruth
Published: August 2006

Fifty case studies of adolescent women seeking contraceptives for the first time suggest no direct relationship between the initiation of sexual activity and the availability of contraceptives at family planning clinics. However, the persistence of sexual activity, once initiated, may be influenced by the availability of contraceptives when the adolescent realizes she wants to continue sexual activity and does not want to become pregnant. Five characteristics of the adolescents which support the above finding are discussed.
Relationships during adolescence: a cross‐national comparison of New Zealand and United States teenagers
Authors: Kroger Jane
Published: August 2006

The present study was designed to test Coleman's focal model of adolescent development in a further cross‐national context. American adolescents, comparable in age, socio‐economic status, sex, and urban residence to Coleman's original sample, were given the London Sentence Completion Test. Results were compared to those from a similar sample in New Zealand; few significant differences in sentence outcomes emerged. Support is provided for the focal model, which suggests that changes in interpersonal relationships resulting from the individuation process in adolescence are not dealt with all at once, but rather issue by issue. Furthermore, a similar sequence for issues over time of peak concern was observed for British, New Zealand, and United States samples.
Self‐esteem, ethnic identity, and behavioral adjustment among Anglo and Chicano adolescents in West Texas
Authors: Grossman Beth , Wirt Robert , Davids Anthony
Published: August 2006

This study provides a comparison of similarities and differences with respect to ethnic identity between Anglo and Chicano adolescents from Texas. A path analysis model was used to test a theoretical assumption concerning proposed antecedents and consequences of self‐esteem. Research instruments included the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, the Semantic Differential (scales for Myself and My Ethnic Group) and the McGuire White Measure of Social Status. Results were consistent with the interpretation that there is a relationship between being Chicano and having lower self‐esteem, lower behavioral adjustment, and higher ethnic esteem. The prediction that ethnic esteem would mediate between ethnic group and self‐esteem was upheld. Variables such as ethnic group membership per se and sex appear as or more important to the prediction of behavioral level. Clinical implications include recognizing that Chicanos low in self‐esteem or behavioral adjustment should not automatically be considered unusual. The problems faced by this group are considered as having something in common with other groups of people who have more problems, lesser status, fewer resources, and fewer sources of available help.
Family correlates of female adolescents' ego‐identity development
Authors: Adams Gerald R.
Published: August 2006

Past research has suggested that parents may contribute to the positive development of their daughter's identity formation. Theoretical notions from both social learning and symbolic interaction indicate that parents can either facilitate or hinder positive growth. Therefore, to test the predictions that (a) more mature (moratorium and achieved) identity status parents would have daughters with more mature identities, and (b) that both positive and negative parenting styles can be detected to differentiate between less (diffused and foreclosed) and more mature identity status youths, 45 families (145 subjects) were assessed on parent‐child relations and identity status formation. In contrast to much past research, parent‐child relations were assessed from both the adolescents' and the parents' perspectives. The findings indicate that parental identity status formation may have an effect on the adolescent's identity formation and that parent‐child relations differentiate between less and more mature female adolescent identities.
Collaboration between psychiatrists and other professionals in a remand and assessment centre
Authors: Wilson J.H , Sheldrick C.
Published: August 2006

A referral system used in a remand and assessment centre for behaviourally disturbed boys is described. The psychiatric input to the centre is undertaken in the context of a multidisciplinary approach. The aim of the present study was to assist non‐psychiatrically trained staff to make suitable referrals to psychiatrists. This enables the psychiatrist to work with the institution as a whole, without neglecting the needs of individual boys.
Anorexia nervosa: aetiological theories and treatment methods
Authors: Bryant Rachel , Bates Brian
Published: August 2006

There is a rapidly developing but confusing body of research on anorexia nervosa. For the non‐specialist, trends in research are obscured by a diversity of definitions and variations in the proposed locus of pathology: the individual, the family or the socio‐cultural environment. While anorexia is a disorder which particularly needs research from a wide range of perspectives, it is vital that the different trends are frequently reviewed and, in the treatment process, integrated. This review summarizes the most significant developments in research on anorexia, and serves as an overview for clinicians wishing to consult the literature selectivity and in more depth.
Youth unemployment: a review of the literature
Authors: Furnham Adrian
Published: August 2006

This paper sets out to review the studies on youth unemployment conducted in a range of English speaking countries: America, Australia and Great Britain. The studies have been divided into six sections: psychological adjustment, attributions and expectations, education about unemployment, job choice and work experience, values, and job interview training. The paucity of good studies in this area partly explains the lack of clear replicated findings or coherent theories for the causes, correlates and consequences of unemployment among young people, though this is an area of relevance to social policy. Furthermore, it was concluded that various factors such as individual differences, salient demographic variables and previous work experience have been neglected. Nevertheless, many of the studies seem to indicate the presence of a destructive vicious circle which young people experience when failing to get a job: stress and disappointment, leading to lowered self‐esteem, a change in expectations, and minor psychiatric illnesses which handicap the job search and application process so making unemployment all the more likely.
Parent—adolescent communication
Authors: Noller Patricia , Bagi Stephen
Published: August 2006

This project involved the development of a questionnaire for measuring parent—adolescent communication on both process and content dimensions. The six process dimensions, chosen on the basis of available literature, were: frequency, initiation, recognition, self‐disclosure, domination and satisfaction. Six‐point scales with clearly defined scale points were designed for each dimension. Fourteen content areas were also chosen and these were selected to include areas representative of two dimensions: general principles vs. specific issues, and external social reference vs. intrafamily references. First‐year university students rated their interactions with their mothers, fathers and both parents together on each of the six process dimensions for each of the fourteen content areas. Parents were asked to rate the same items in the way they thought their adolescent son or daughter would rate them. Results were analysed separately for each process dimension using discriminant analysis, with sex of parent and sex of adolescent as independent variables. Overall, adolescents of both sexes tended to communicate more with mothers than with fathers over a wide range of areas. In fact, politics was the only area on which subjects talked more with fathers than mothers. Also, more self‐disclosure occurred to mothers than to fathers, with daughters disclosing more to mothers than did sons. Mothers were also more accurate than fathers at predicting adolescents' responses. The usefulness of the questionnaire for exploring this important area of parent—adolescent communication will be discussed.
Youth violence directed toward significant others
Authors: Kratcoski Peter C.
Published: August 2006

This study explored violent behavior of high school students toward their parents, using a self‐report questionnaire. The families of the students were characterized as having high, moderate, or low levels of family functioning, and these levels were correlated with the amount of violent behavior manifested by the youths. It was found that violence by young people toward their parents tended to be concentrated in households with strong manifestations of intra‐family violence or aggression between the parents, between parents and children, and between siblings. Low levels of family functioning, characterized by disagreements over money matters, inappropriate disciplining of children, few share activities, and alcohol abuse, also correlated strongly with youth violence toward parents. It was also found that youths involved in deviant peer group activity had higher levels of violence toward parents than youths who were not involved in this way.
The sex distribution of children in care
Authors: Lawson Colin W. , Lockhart Derek
Published: August 2006

It is shown that there is a substantial and sustained disparity, both on a national and on a regional basis, between the numbers of males and the numbers of females in care. The disparity is analysed by examining the reasons for entering care, and the legal status of those in care. It is shown that in the aggregate the disparity is caused by imbalances in admissions, particularly in certain key legal and administrative categories. The phenomenon is also shown to have both geographical and accommodation dimensions, and some conjectures for its behavioural origins are offered.