bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River Water Quality by Using Palmer's Algal Index, Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Al-Kanani Hussam M. , Al-Essa Saleh A.K.
Published: December 2019

Monthly Algal samples were collected from selected three sampling station of Shatt Al-Arab River from August 2016 to July 2017. The most pollution tolerant genera and species of four groups of algae were recorded from three sites of the river.Palmer (1969) Algal Genus pollution index and Algal species pollution index were employed to study the water quality of Shatt Al-Arab River. The total score of Algal Genus pollution index of station 1, 2 and 3 were 21, 24 and 21 respectively. While total score from the Algal species pollution index at station (1) was 18, station (2) was 21, While at station (3) was 17 recorded from Shatt Al-Arab River. The total score of each station was greater than 20 indicating the confirmed high organic pollution. The present study showed that the water quality of Shatt Al-Arab River was affected from domestic uses at the downstream of the river.
Comparison between the performance of a movable boards ditch opener and conventional ditch opener in cultivated and uncultivated soils Part 1: The draft force
Authors: Aday Shaker H. , Al-Muthafar Yarub W.
Published: December 2019

The draft force of the movable boards ditch opener (MB) was compared with that of the conventional ditch opener (CD). The parameters of the experiments were three operating depths (30, 40 and 50 cm), three angles between the boards of MB (45, 60 and 75º), the angle of the boards of CD was constant (65º), three wings widths  of the foot of MB whereas, one share width (35cm) for CD and two soil types (cultivated and uncultivated soils). The texture of soils was silty clay. The  results showed that MB can penetrate the soil to the required depth easily and its draft force requirements were lower than that for CD for all operating depths, angle between the boards and in the cultivated and in uncultivated soils. Whereas, CD could not penetrate the soil more than 25cm in the uncultivated soil that its draft force higher than that for MB for operating depth of 30 and 40 cm and for all angles between the boards but the contrary occurred with operating depth of 50cm. The draft force requirement of MB increased slightly with the angle between the boards but it MB increased considerably with increasing wings width of the foot. However, the wings of MB required less draft force than the share of CD which its width was 35 cm (constant width). MB surpassed CD in the field performance, it required less draft force and it could penetrate the soils easily.
Destruction of bacteria using electric stimulation of old Duck and Chicken carcasses
Authors: Al-Hmedawy Noora K. , Al-Asadi Majid H. , Al-Hilphy Assad R.
Published: December 2019

The effect of electric stimulation on some quantitative characters of aged ducks and layers chicken carcasses were the main objectives of the present study. Electric stimulation apparatus of meat tenderness was designed and manufactured at Department of Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah. A total of 36 Ducks and Layers chicken aged 1.5 years. Birds were slaughtered by hand, were defeathered, and all internal organs were removed. Carcasses were divided into three treatments with different electric stimulation. Control group (no electric stimulation). The second treatment (Electric conductivity 3.67 V/cm) was low voltage of 110 volt and 1% saline solution. The third treatment (7.33 V/cm) was 220V and 1% saline solution. All traits were measured at 25 min, 6 hrs. and 24 hrs. Carcasses stored by freezing for 30 and 60 days. The results showed that the number of proteolysis, lipolysis, Psychrophiles bacteria were affected by electric stimulation, the third treatment revealed the lower number of bacteria. Electric stimulation (especially 220 V) was significantly reduced the number of bacteria in both chicken and duck.
Effect of Emulsifying Petroleum Derivatives, Water Deficit Treatment and Emitters Discharge on Dry Weight, Grain yield and Water use Efficiency of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Hasan Wisam B. , Dheyab Ali H. , Sultan Nihad Sh.
Published: December 2019

A field experiment was conducted in Qurnah district, Basrah province on clay soil to study the effect of six treatments of emulsifying petroleum derivatives with irrigation water by using emulsifying agent adding directly to soil surface, gas oil with two ratios of 0.3% (g3) and 0.5% (g5) w/w of soil dry weight, two admixture treatments of fuel oil and gas oil (1:1) with two ratio 0.3%(go3) and 0.5% (go5), fuel oil 0.3% (o3) and control treatment 0% (c) without any addition. The effect of water deficit factor also studied with two levels 0.85 (w1) and 0.65 (w2) of available water by using drip irrigation with two emitters; low discharge 5 Lhr-1 (Ld) and high discharge 15Lhr-1(Hd). The results showed that all emulsified derivative conditioners significantly increased  dry weight, grain yield and water use efficiency calculated for dry weight WUE (d) and grain WUE (g) of sunflower compared with control treatment, especially at g5 and go5 treatments which recorded the highest values. Soil capability for saving water and available water increased as a result of the addition of emulsified oil derivatives, which contributed to increase the interval time between irrigation periods and reduce the quantity of irrigation water with less value appearing at g5 and go5 under 65% water deficit treatment by using 15 Lhr-1 emitter discharge. Increasing emitter discharge from  5 to 15 L hr -1, and increasing irrigation deficit from 0.65 to 0.85 led to increasing all growth parameters, except water use efficiency.
Comparison Study between the Field Performance of a Movable Boards and Conventional Ditch Openers in Cultivated and Uncultivated Soils, Part 3: The Specific Resistance
Authors: Aday Shaker H. , Al-muthafar Yarub
Published: December 2019

The field performance of movable boards ditch opener (MB) and conventional ditch opener (CD) was contrasted by using a specific resistance to determine  the  optimum  performance  of  either   one   of   them.   The   comparison was conducted using three operating  depths  (30,  40  and  50cm),  three  angles  between  the  boards  of  MB  (45,  60  and  750),  one  angle  for  CD  (650)  because  its boards were fixed, three wings width  of  the  foot  of  MB  whereas,  for  CD,  one  share width  (35cm)  and  two  soil  types  (cultivated  and  uncultivated).  CD  could  not penetrate the  uncultivated  soil  more  than  25cm  so  that  there  was  one  operating  depth.  The  results  of  the  experiments  showed  that  SR  for  MB  decreased as the operating depth,  the  angle  between  the  boards  and  the  width  of the wings of the foot  in  both  soil  types  were  increased.  Specific  resistance  (SR)  for  CD  also  decreased  as  the  operating  depth  increased  in  the  cultivated  soil,    but  in  the  uncultivated  soil,  CD  could  not  penetrate  the  soil  more  than  25cm.  SR for MB was  lower  than  that  for  CD  for  all  operating  depths,  the  angle  between the boards,  the width of the wings of the foot in both soil types. SR for         MB and CD  in  the  cultivated  soil  was  low  compared  to  uncultivated  soil.  The  soil  type  decreased  SR  for  MB  more  than  the  operating  depth,  the  angle   between its boards and the width of  its  wings.  On  the  other  hand,  the  angle  between its boards reduced  SR  more  than  the  width  of  the  wings  and  the  operating depth. MB surpassed CD in giving lower SR and that means the field performance of MB was higher than that for CD.
Changes in Ear Postures of Kid Goats in Response to Ear Tagging
Authors: Hussein Nizar J. , Hidayet Hoger M.
Published: December 2019

No study yet is undertaken to measure pain caused by ear tagging in kid goats using ear postures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of ear tagging procedure on pain in black Karadi kids using ear position and frequency of ear changes. Twenty black Karadi kids, aged 10-14 days, were used in this study. Ear postures were scored using focal sampling and recorded with instantaneous time sampling to measure the duration of each ear posture. Each kid was observed separately for 6 minutes before and 6 minutes after the ear tagging process with 30 seconds intervals. A total of 24 ear posture samples were recorded from each kid. Results revealed that Ear tagging significantly increased ears backward (P<0.01) and decreased ears plane (P<0.001). However, no significant effect of ear tagging was found on ears forward (P<0.19) and asymmetrical postures (P<0.43). In addition, number of ear posture changes was significantly (P<0.001) increased after ear tagging. It was concluded that observing ear postures of kids directly after painful husbandry procedures such as ear tagging is a reliable non-invasive method to assess pain caused by these painful methods and hence helps better understands animal welfare.
First Record of Six Myxosporean Species (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) in Iraq from Gills of the Mugilid Fish Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843)
Authors: Abdul-Ameer Kefah N. , Atwan Fatima K.
Published: December 2019

Sampling of Planiliza abu specimens were done from July 2015 until the end of March 2016, a total of 118 specimens were collected weekly from Tigris River near Al-Graiat region in Baghdad province. The examination of gills of these fishes showed the occurrence of six myxosporean species which were documented for the first time in Iraq. These included: Myxobilatus baicalensis (Dogiel, 1957), Myxobolus bizerti Bahri & Marques, 1996, M. branchialis (Markevich, 1932), M. chuatsi (Dogiel &Akhmerov in Akhmerov, 1960), M. dermatobius (Ishii, 1916) and M. niei Shul'man, 1962. The description and measurements of these parasites were given as well as their illustrations.
Mechanical Properties of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Edible Films
Authors: Laith Safaa A. , Al-Hashimi Alaa G.
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted to extract cellulose and synthesis  carboxymethyl cellulose from flour bran. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR) was used to confirm the existent of the carboxymethyl group. The sample edible films were  prepared using 1, 2, 3, and 4 % CMC, and two types of plasticizers glycerol and  sorbitol, (20, 40 and 60) %. Their qualitative, mechanical, reservation and thermal characteristics were studied. Tensile strength ranged 28-51.3 MPa and elongation percentage ranged between 65.5-91.0 %. The thickness of simple cellulose films were 0.018-0.078 mm. The values of solubility (19.05-36.31%) and the permeability values  of simple cellulose film increased with the increasing of the plasticized ratio.  The highest permeability was 11.99 g.mm/m2.h.kp at 60% glycerol and thermogravimetric analysis for some simple cellulose film plasticized by glycerol were 135, 146.29, 125 and123.23° C.
Effect of Different Level of ?-glucan extracted from Baker's Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Barley Bran in the Physicochemical Properties of Fish Patties at Cooling Storage Periods
Authors: Al-Jumaiee Shaymaa A. J. , Al- Hussainy Khadeeja S. J. , Al-Manhel Alaa J. A.
Published: December 2019

?-glucan was extracted from Baker's Yeast of and barley bran using the conventional classical method and the hot water method respectively. The yield of ?- glucan of Baker's Yeast and barley bran were (5.95 and 5.18) % respectively. with significant differences at the probability at the level of 0.05. ?-glucan which extracted from two sources added were to fish patties at different levels (0.0 ,0.1, 0.3 ,0.5, and 1) g / 25g, and the patties were stored at 4±2 ? C up to for 14 days. The results showed that the values of pH and water holding capacity of patties treated with ?-glucan of yeast were lowest than those of patties treated with ?-glucan of barley bran. In contrast, the values of peroxide, acidity values, and the percentage of free fatty acids of the patties treated with ?-glucan of yeast were found to be higher than those in the patties treated with ?-glucan extracted from barley bran.
TGF-B Super Family Correlation with the Fertility of Iraqi Awassi Ewes
Authors: Ajam Ismael K. , . Al-Jubouri Thamer R. S , Ghayyib Qayssar H.
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted in Barakat Abu al Fadhl Al- Abbas station (AS) for raising sheep/a subsidiary of Al- Kafeel Company for General Investment and livestock services in Holy Karbala province and Babylon Province It was undertaken on Awassi sheep for between October, 2013 to May, 2014 to investigate the polymorphism of TGF-B gene and its association with reproductive traits of Awassi sheep. Blood samples were collected from (80) ewes included 35 samples of Awassi ewes producing twins (pure breed), 21 samples of Awassi ewes producing twins lambs (hybrid breed), also 25 samples of Awassi ewes producing single lambs (pure breed), with age (2 .5- 5) years. DNA samples were extracted from each blood sample of sheep. Reference PCR primers were utilized to amplify segments in TGF-B Super Family gene. Then, AFLP technique was performed for each PCR fragment. The results indicated that two genotypes for each of the fragments of TGF-B Super Family gene (AF and FF) were identified. TGF-B Super Family gene revealed two fragments (156 and 245 bp) for FF genotypes and three fragments (156, 254 and 410 bp) for AF genotypes. PCR- AFLP methods detected two genotypes (AF and FF) with predominant of AF genotype in Awassi ewes producing twin, and this study refers to utilizing TGF-B gene as good genetic markers and their correlation with high fertility and twins producing Awassi sheep.
Fish Assemblage in the Euphrates River at Al-Samawa City, Southern Iraq
Authors: Al-Helli Ammar M.S. , Resen Amjad K. , Ali Atheer H.
Published: December 2019

The study was conducted in the Euphrates river in Al-Samawa city at two stations during the period from October 2016 till September 2017. The first station (north station) was Al-Majd township (45°12'49.2"E, 31°22'14.9"N), and the second station (south station) was Al-Zaier region (45°20'21.4"E, 31°18'54.4"N). Some ecological factors were monthly recorded at the stations of the current study, including water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, transparency, the speed of water flow, BOD5 and total hardness. All factors except total hardness have not significant differences between two stations, The hardness in the north station showed higher (844-1475) mg.l-1 than south station (655-1250) mg.l-1. Fishes were collected by gill nets, cast net, hook and line, hand net and electro-fishing. A total of 4260 fish specimens were collected which belong to 24 species and 10 families, 17 species of them were native species whereas seven of them were alien species. The most abundant species was blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus constituted 26.84% of the total caught of a north station, The value of the dominance index (D3) in north station was 62.57%, while the most abundant species in south station was Prussian carp Carassius auratus constituted 27.14% of the total caught, The value of the dominance index (D3) in the south station was 56.42%.
Fish Assemblage of Ktiban creek the upper Reach of Shatt Al-Arab River
Authors: Hasan Kadhim H. , Resen Amjad K.
Published: December 2019

The study was conducted at the Shatt Al-Arab River at Ktiban creek  in three stations during the period from October 2017 to September 2018. The first station was in the Shatt Al-Arab near Al- Hartha power Station, the second and third stations were in the Ktiban creek. Samples were collected once a monthly. A total of 5106 fish were collected from the study, period included 24 species belong to 12 families, and consisted of eight marine species and 16 freshwater species (nine native and seven exotic species). Physical and chemical characteristics were measured during sampling period. water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, light penetration, salinity, current flow, total dissolve solid (TDS), nitrate, nitrite and phosphates The range of parameters  in the Shatt Al-Arab were within their normal levels except salinity values and TDS (8.7 PSU and 8210 mg /l respectively). The values of the diversity index (H) were calculated in the study stations between 1.06 -1.87 and evenness index (j) ranged from 0.42 -0.83and richness index(D) between 1.00 -2.62.
Evaluation of Shatt Al-Arab River Using Organic Pollution Index
Authors: Al-Baghdadi Nada M. , Abdullah Abdulaziz M. , Sultan Entisar N.
Published: December 2019

The current study has evaluated Shatt Al-Arab water using organic pollution index. The study included three stations, the first Al-Sharash, the second Al-Salhiya and the third area Al-Dweab. Water samples were monthly collected from December 2017 to November 2018. Five environmental parameters were used to calculate the organic pollution index (OPI) including Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Active nitrate (NO3), Ammonium ion (NH4) and Total Phosphate (TP). The highest biological oxygen demand was 9 mg.l-1 at Al-Sharash station in July and the lowest values 1mg.l-1 in the Al- Dweab station during December, January, February and April. The highest chemical oxygen demand (250 mg.l-1 was recorded at Al-Sharash station in September and the lowest value was 6.2 mg.l-1 in Al-Dweab station during December. Nitrates was recorded the highest value 41.51 mg nitrogen-nitrate.l-1 at Al-Salhiya station in May and lowest value 1.49 mg nitrogen- nitrate.l-1 at Al-Sharash station during December. The ammonium ion was recorded in highest value 7.7 mg.l-1 at Al- Salhiya station in December and the lowest value 0.5 mg. l-1 at Al-Sharash station during June, while phosphate value was 0.23 and 1.99 mg.l-1 were recorded at Al-Sharash station in August and July respectively. The highest value of organic pollution index was 2.56 at Al-Salihiya station in August and lowest value 0.69 in the Al-Dweab station in April, while the annual rate of organic pollution index for the first, second and third stations were 1.55, 1.81 and 1.47 respectively, and 1.61 for Shatt Al-Arab water.
A Cytotaxonomic study on Minuartia L. (Caryophyllaceae) in Iraq
Authors: Al-Tai Sadeq S. Kareem , Al-Saadi Sahar A.A. Malik
Published: December 2019

Chromosome count, karyotypic character analysis, meiotic studies, monoploid karyograms and ideograms were performed in six taxa of Minuartia growing in Iraq (M. hamata, M. hybrida subsp. hybrida, M. intermedia, M. meyeri, M. picta and  M. hybrida subsp. turcica). Species of M. hamata and M. meyeri showed 2n=2x=30 chromosome number, while M. hybrida subsp. hybrida and M. intermedia  were diploid (26). The chromosome number (n=x) of six species was studied, and was found to be n=15 in M. hamata and M. meyeri, 13 in M. hybrida and M. intermedia, while in M. picta we recorded values of n= 11 and 14. Karyotype analysis of this species was first carried out in our study. Analysis of metaphases showed that the karyotype formula was mainly metacentric, submetacentric, and sub acrocentric. The sizes of the chromosomes were mainly small and very small. The course of meiosis varied from normal to abnormal. Abnormal microsporogenesis formation of two bridge chromosomes was detected in M. hamata and one bridge chromosome in M. intermedia and M. meyeri. Formation of laggard’s chromosomes was detected in M. hamata, M. meyeri   and M. intermedia. As well as ring chromosome was showed in M. hybrida subsp. hybrida, also, some cells contain triad cell in metaphase stage instead four cells, as well as founded cell, contains two nuclei in same species which led to reduced pollen fertility and differences in pollen grain size.
Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in some Imported Fishes
Authors: Abbas Marwa K. , Al-Habeeb Faroq M.K. , Yesser Abdulkareem T. Yesser T.
Published: December 2019

Samples of frozen fish available in Kirkuk markets Shad Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton), Mackerel Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus), Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) and striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophtholmus (Sauvage). They collected for the period 1st May 2015o 30th January 2016 at weights average between 650-1250 g. The results showed many of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic hydrocarbons compounds; Rainbow trout contained seven and nine of hydrocarbons compounds in the extracts of hexane and ethanol respectively, among them, there were five carcinogenic hydrocarbons in the ethanol extract and three in the hexane, their values ranged between 0.234-19.707 and 0.419-2.972 ng.g-1 dry weight respectively. Numbers of the hydrocarbons ranged between 4-6 in other fish species. This may due to the differences of nature of feeding among the fish species and the differences in their fat content. In Shad fish, the results have recorded one carcinogenic compound in the ethanol and five in the hexane, the concentration of Benzo (a) pyrene reached 24.23 ng.g-1 dry weight which is the most dangerous component among carcinogenic compound. Mackerel containsive compounds of hydrocarbons in the hexane; Four of them belong to the non-carcinogenic group and sixn ethanol, ive of them are non- carcinogenic. This study showed that differences in the numbers and concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons in the studied fish. This is  due to several reasons such as occurrences of fish near to the sources of hydrocarbons pollution the nature of fish feeding and living.
Study of Antibacterial Activity of some Date Seed Extracts
Authors: Aljazy Nareman A.S. , Al-Mossawi Aum El-Basher H.J. , Al-Rikabi Ali K.
Published: December 2019

Eight species of pathogenic and contaminated bacteria were Isolated and identified with the biochemical test and make sure of purity with VITIC2 Technical. The bacteria were Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Investigation effect of aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic of Halawi, Khadrawiand Zahdi date seed extracts on the growth of isolated bacteria, the results showed that ethanolic extract was most effective extract compared to other extracts in influencing on the growth of bacteria using Agar Well Diffusion. The most active extract against P. aeruginosa strain was ethanol extract from Zahdi seed with a 22.3+ 0.32mm inhibition zone followed by 20.2 + 0.22 mm for Escherichia coli.
The Effect of Thidiazuron on Callus and in vitro Shoots Development of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Barhee
Authors: Al-Asadi Ahmed Z. , Abdulwahid Aqeel H. , Al-Mayahi Ahmed M.W.
Published: December 2019

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the most important fruit trees spread in southern Iraq, but because of many circumstances decreased their numbers significantly, the propagation of date palm by tissue culture was the best solution for re-preparation of the problem as it was previously, because propagation is accelerated. Summarizes the working paper in an attempt to find the optimal concentration of thidiazuran (TDZ) (0.0 , 0.5 and 1.0) mgl-1, in production of callus and regeneration of shoots, at different times of initial and callus culturing in medium budding. The results showed that the concentration of (0.5) mgl-1 was optimal in all traits under study.
Evaluating the efficiency of ethanol precipitation method in purification of gDNA and PCR product
Authors: Al-Saad Labeed A. , Al-Zaalan Ayoob R.
Published: December 2019

A numerous clean-up methods of nucleic acid were developed to achieve the requirements of downstream reactions like PCR and sequencing. The methods were varied in their mechanism, efficiency of purification and final product yield. The present study evaluated the efficiency of ethanol-sodium acetate (EOH-NaOAc3) precipitation method in purification of nucleic acid to satisfy downstream reactions requirements. The yield and purity of nucleic acid were considered as the main standard parameters to estimate the efficiency of method. Geneaid gel extraction kit DF100 was considered as a standard method for comparison. The results of methods comparison revealed that EOH-NaOAc3 method was significantly (P=0.000) surpassed the kit method in the yield of purified PCR product (93.24 and 18.37 ng/µl) with no significant differences (P=0.239) in quality (Absorbance (A260/280+) = 1.816 and 1.843) respectively. To determine the productivity of EOH-NaOAc3 method, a specific amount of genomic DNA (G-DNA) (187.93 ng/ µl) was processed and the results showed that EOH-NaOAc3 method was efficiently conserved 89.6% of total processed G-DNA (168.51 ng/µl) accompanied by significant (P=0.03) elevation of DNA purity (A260/280, 3.07 – 2.53).
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Foliar Nutrient with the Chemical Fertilizer of Super Swing and Whey in some Growth Parameters and Concentration of Certain Nutrients of Transplants of Sour Orange Citrus aurantium L.
Authors: El-Qatrani Nada A.
Published: December 2019

This study was carried out in the nursery of Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah during 2018 growing season. Completely randomized blocks design (C.R.B.D.)  was used to investigate the effect of different concentrations of super swing (0, 0.5 and 1) g.l-1 and whey (0, 50 and 75) % and their interactions to enhance the growth parameters and chemical characteristics of Sour orange transplants. The results showed a significant increase in most of the measured growth parameters of transplants treated with high concentration of foliar spraying to both fertilizers. Application of super swing at 1 g.l-1 with whey at 75% together significantly increased the height of plant, the number of leaves, leaf area, the diameter of stem, number of flowers, the leaves content of both nitrogen and potassium, percentage of dry matter, and content of chlorophyll. Whereas, control treatment was significantly increased the water content compared to other treatments. Addition of growth-enhancing compounds such as super swing and whey extract to the plant can improve the metabolic performance and enhances the plant's ability to absorb nutrients from the soil.
Effect of Irrigation Water Quality and Spraying with Tocopherol on Na, K, K+/Na+ and Cl- and Chemical Components of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)
Authors: Obead Faris I. , Jerry Awatif N.
Published: December 2019

The experiment was carried out in a private orchard at Shat-Al- Arab District, Basrah Province during the summer seasons of 2011and 2012 in order to study the effect of irrigation water quality and spraying with Tocopherol on growth and yield of okra plants tolerance to salinity resulted from irrigation by salinity water and its effect on the leaves of chemical parameters. Treatments included three sources of water (i.e. tap water, tap water + river water 1:1 and river water) and spraying plants with Tocopherol at four concentrations 0, 50, 100 and150mg. l-1). Treatments of this experiment were distributed in Split Plot Design with three replicates, which were the main Plots represented water sources, spraying with tocopherol represented sub-plots. Means were compared according to L.S.D. Test at significant level of 0.05. Result could be summarized as follows: Plants irrigated with tap water had a significantly higher parameters (N, K, K+/Na+ ratio), carbohydrate, leaves chlorophyll concentration, abscisic acid contents in leaves for both seasons,.Foliar application with Tocopherol at 150 mg.l-1 caused an increase in N,K, K+/Na+, total soluble carbohydrate and chlorophyll contents in leaves while resulted decrease in proline and abscisic acid contents in leaves.The interactions between the studied factors were significant in all studied parameters for both seasons.
Evaluation of Phytotoxicity of Sulfantrazone 48% F to Sugarcane Saccharum officinarum L.
Authors: Almubarak Nadir F. , Srivastava Tapendra K. , Singh A. K.
Published: December 2019

A field experiment was conducted at the Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Luchnow, under subtropical Indian conditions during the season 2012-2013 to study the evaluation of phytotoxicity of sulfantrazone 48% f to sugarcane variety CoSe 92423. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The treatments used in the experiment are sulfentrazone PPI 720 g a.i.ha-1, sulfentrazone PPI 1440 g a.i.ha-1, sulfentrazone Pre-em: 3 DAP 720 g a.i.ha-1, sulfentrazone Pre-em: 3 DAP 1440 g a.i.ha-1 and untreated control(weedy). The results showed that sulfentrazone PPI 1440 g ai.ha-1 registered the highest increase of germination (56.9 %) that didn’t differ significantly from other treatments. The dry matter accumulation in weeds was the lowest (7.2, 10.6 and 22.8 g.m-²) in sulfentrazone PPI 1440 a.i.ha-1 treatment achieved highest inhibition proportion of dry matter (90.2, 88.9 and 83.5 % ) at the 60, 90 and 120 DAP respectively. Phytotoxicity was not significantly affected by use of sulfentrazone herbicide. a significant increase in average number of canes by using sulfentrazone PPI 1440 g a.i.ha-1 led to even the highest increase in this attribute at the 90,120,150, 210 and 300 DAP. The use of sulfentrazone PPI 1440 g a.i.ha-1 registered the highest cane yield (84.1 t.ha-1) that was significantly higher to the tune of 44.94 % over control. Addition of sulfentrazone treatments significantly affected sugar yield. Sulfentrazone PPI 1440 g a.i.ha-1 and sulfentrazone Pre-eme 1440 g a.i.ha-1caused highest increase in this character which reached to 13.850 and 13.500 t.ha-1respectively.
Scanning of Processed Food Contaminating Fungi and Determine the Potential Aflatoxigenic type
Authors: Benyan Layla A. , Alhaddad Azhar A.
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted in the plant protection dept., College of Agriculture, University of Basrah to investigate the food contaminated fungi in several food products involved potato chips, pasta, and popcorn to specify the potential aflatoxigenic species. Eight samples of food products were randomly collected from local market included two samples of pasta, 5 samples potato chips, and one sample of popcorn. The primary isolation was performed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) in 9 cm Petri dishes; the isolated fungi were purified then diagnosed morphologically. The isolation results revealed a presence of several species within three main fungal genera, which included, Penecillium sp., Alternaria alternata , Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. alliaceus, A. candidus, A. fumigatus and A. sclerotiorum in prevalence percentages 43.75 ,35.00 , 18.75, 27.50, 5.64, 3.75, 3.75, 3.75, 3.75 % respectively  and frequency percentage 7.15, 2.60, 9.07, 10.69, 0.46, 1.28, 0.46, 1.00% respectively. A. flavus was obtained to examine its ability to produce Aflatoxin using ammonia vapor test. The results revealed that nine isolates of A. flavus showed a possible ability to produce Aflatoxin B1.
Effect of Endosulfan Pesticide on the Oxygen Consumption Rate of Three Species of Snails Collected from Middle Part of Shatt Al-Arab River
Authors: Al-Salman Aseel N. , Farid Wisam A.A. , Ali Wasan A. A.
Published: December 2019

The present study has been achieved to estimate the acute toxicity effect of pesticide (endosulfan) (organochlorine) and its sublethal concentrations effect  on the oxygen consuming rate of three various snails species (Melanoides tuberculata, Radix auricularia and Theodoxus jordani) collected from Shatt Al-Arab river along the region extended from Abu-Al-Khasib to Garmat-Ali during 2018.  The 24 hr LC50 indicated that the M. tuberculata was more resistant, while R. auricularia and T. jordani were more effective to endosulfan and showed no difference. The study indicated that the employ of various species of snails, with their differing degree of sensitivity to the same toxicant, might be a useful tool in aquatic environmental toxicological investigations. The sublethal concentrations exposure (24 hr LC50) of pesticide had no considerable influence on the rates of oxygen consumption for each snail species. However, a decrease in the capability of snails to preserve respiratory independence through hypoxia was observed 24 hr after exposure to this dose.
VALIDITAS BAHAN AJAR FISIKA SISWA SMA/MA BERBASIS CONCEPTUAL CHANGE
Authors: Nasution Febriani Hastini , Siregar Dedes Asriani
Published: December 2019

This article was contained about analyzing the validity of students’ teaching module based on conceptual change. Students’ teaching module based on conceptual change was the module which is arranged based on the indicator of conceptual change, they are elicit and confirm current ideas, exposure to conflicting evidence, construct new explanation, apply and evaluate new explanation, and the last is review change in ideas and explanations. This module was validated by three validators. There were four components which was validated, they were about content validity which is consist of the components of module and the appropriateness of module’s contents, construct validity, language validity, and the suitability with the learning used conceptual change. Based on analysis data obtained: The average value of validity of students’ teaching module by three validators was 91.11 was in very valid category. Furthermore, the value of each components were 94.90 in content validity, 90.97 in construct validity, 86.90 in language validity, and 91.67 in the suitability with the learning used conceptual change. Four of the components were in very valid category.
ANALISIS PEMILIHAN SISWA UNTUK MATA PELAJARAN FISIKA SMA PADA UNBK BERDASARKAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA
Authors: Siregar Dedes Asriani , Nasution Febriani Hastini , Nasution Febriani Hastini , Siagian Mutiara
Published: December 2019

Fisika merupakan bagian yang tak terpisahkan dari sains (IPA). Oleh sebab itu,  karakteristik  fisika pada dasarnya sama dengan karakteristik sains pada umumnya. Pada dasarnya fisika merupakan mata pelajaran yang cukup menarik untuk dipelajari karena di dalamnya dapat dipelajari gejala-gejala atau fenomena-fenomena dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Pelaksanaan ujian nasional berbasis kompetensi (UNBK) menuntut siswa agar memilih mata pelajaran peminatan. Hal tersebut menyebabkan banyak siswa yang tidak memilih mata pelajaran fisika.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemilihan siswa  untuk mata pelajaran fisika SMA pada UNBK berdasarkan metode pembelajaran fisika. Kualitatif deskriptif adalah metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian dan dilakukan di SMA Kota Padangsidimpuan pada tahun 2019 pada siswa kelas XII jurusan IPA di delapan Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri Padangsidimpuan.

Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh nilai rata-rata metode pembelajaran fisika yang digunakan guru di delapan sekolah yaitu (1) SMA Negeri 1 Padangsidimpuan  bernilai 70 pada kategori Baik, (2) SMA Negeri 2 Padangsidimpuan bernilai 66 pada kategori Cukup Baik, (3) SMA Negeri 3 Padangsidimpuan bernilai 66 pada kategori Cukup Baik, (4) SMA Negeri 4 Padangsidimpuan bernilai 69 pada kategori Cukup Baik, (5) SMA Negeri 5 Padangsidimpuan bernilai 71 pada kategori Baik, (6) SMA Negeri 6 Padangsidimpuan bernilai 66 pada kategori Cukup Baik, (7) SMA Negeri 7 Padangsidimpuan bernilai 64 pada kategori Cukup Baik dan (8) SMA Negeri 8 Padangsidimpuan  bernilai 67 pada kategori Cukup Baik. Maka metode pembelajaran fisika yang digunakan guru fisika sekota Padangsidimpuan bernilai 67 berada berada pada kategori Cukup Baik.
KERAGAMAN BURUNG PADA BERBAGAI TIPE HABITAT DI TAMAN NASIONAL BATANG GADIS
Authors: Siagian Mutiara , Siregar Nurul Husna
Published: December 2019

Penelitian tentang keragaman burung pada berbagai tipe habitat di Resort 5 Sopotinjak Seksi PTN Wilayah III Muara Soma Desa Sopotinjak telah dilakukan pada bulan April-Mei. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman jenis burung pada berbagai tipe habitat, meliputi Jalan Hutan, Danau, dan Hutan Primer. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengambilan data burung menggunakan metode Point Count. Data burung yang diperoleh dihitung indek keanekaragaman dan indeks kemerataan spesiesnya. Hasil penelitian menemukan 66 spesies dari 28 famili, dengan jumlah tertingg ditemukan pada habitat Hutan Primer yaitu 43 spesies, Jalan Hutan yaitu 38 spesies, dan danau ditemukan 22 spesies. Indeks keanekaragaman dan kemerataan tertinggi juga ditemukan pada habitat Hutan Primer yaitu 3.56 dan 0.95.
ANALISIS PERSPEKTIF GLOBAL GURU PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN DI SMK NEGERI KOTA PADANGSIDIMPUAN
Authors: . Hanafi , Lubis Armansyah
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun suatu model hipotesis yang terdiri dari model struktural dan model pengukuran dalam bentuk diagram jalur yang berdasarkan justifikasi teori dari variable perspektif global guru dan efektivitas pembelajaran. Populasi dalam penelitiuan ini adalah seluruh guru SMK Negeri di Kota Padangsidimpuan yang telah tersertifikasi yaitu sejumlah 338 orang. Penarikan sampel dilakukan secara proporsional dsampling dengan jumlah 110.orang. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah kuesioner. Kuesioner digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data perspektif global guru dan efektivitas pembelajaran. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan metode SEM. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat pengaruh positif persfektif global guru terhadap efektifitas pembelajaran sebesar 15,9%; Hasil-hasil penelitian ini dapat mengkorfirmasi kesimpulan hasil penelitian sebelumnya
INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE PROCESS OF ECOSYSTEM DEFINITION OF LOSS OF NATURAL RESOURCES POTENTIAL FROM NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF BUSINESS
Authors: Kolmakova Valentyna
Published: December 2019

The theoretical and methodological principles of ecosystem definition of losses of natural resource potential as a result of ineffective management are researched. The main institutional preconditions for estimation of the caused and prevented losses from environmental pollution are considered in the light of international experience. The scientific recommendations on institutionalization of ecosystem definition of losses of natural resource potential (on the example of water resources) are substantiated.
SUBSTANTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE FORMS
OF SUSTAINABLE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT USE OF FOREST
Authors: Sakal Oksana
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the study of such forms of public-private partnership in the field of forest use as concession, joint activity and services contract. The substantive characteristics of these forms, legislative support of it application in the practice of forest use in Ukraine are analysed. The directions of it implementation in the domestic practice are proposed, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of the concession, the joint activity, the service contract and the specifics of the sphere of forest use.
LAND MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS ESTIMATION
Authors: Tretiak Anton , Tretiak Valentyna , Malashevska Olena
Published: December 2019

Land tenure social and economic development state of the art is the evidence of the need for further improvement of land management considering the existing economic potential. Full assessment indicators of local community land management effectiveness are substantiated in the article. Local community land management economic, environmental and social effectiveness assessment criteria system has been suggested.
PARAMETЕRIZATION OF ECONOMIC DAMAGE
FROM DETERIORATION/DESTRUCTION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
Authors: Veklych Oksana
Published: December 2019

The parameterization of economic damage from destruction of ecosystem services was given for the first time. A base formula for describing the total value of this damage as an aggregate indicator and its main components is proposed and consistently disclosed, as well as its main components are determined, forming the supporting ground for the implementation of specific assessment of economic damage from deterioration/destruction of ecosystem services, which, if necessary, is carried out in practice by professional appraisers licensed by the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine.
PENGALAMAN PASIEN SUKU BATAK KARO DENGAN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIS DALAM MENJALANI HEMODIALISA
Authors: Simatupang Lenny Lusia
Published: December 2019

The experience of patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy is a phenomenon and attracts the attention of health professionals, because in Hemodialysis (HD) therapy, participants leave a number of important issues, as a result of hemodialysis therapy. The purpose of this study to determine the experience of Karo Batak patients with Chronic Kidney Failure (GGK) in undergoing hemodialysis. This study is a descriptive phenomenology study. Data collection was done by indepth interview. Participants in this study amounted to 13 people selected by purposive sampling technique of participants who have a Batak Karo tribe and duration of hemodialysis for at least six months. Conducting interviews conducted in hospital Murni Teguh, contract researcher with participants and researchers conducted interviews .. The results of interviews were analyzed by collaizi method and found 3 themes in the results of interviews with the participants.Themes encountered are mood and mind hemodialisa patient, Helplessness to meet the needs live, Following the traditional medicine Batak karo. Based on the results of the study, it is suggested to the nurse in providing hemodialysis treatment to pay attention to traditional medicine which is also used by the patient so that it can reduce the problem of patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Pengalaman pasien  yang  menjalani  terapi hemodialisa sangat  fenomena dan menarik  perhatian  para  professional  kesehatan, karena   didalam menjalani  terapi  Hemodialisis (HD), partisipan   menyisakan  sejumlah  persoalan  penting, sebagai dampak terapi hemodialisa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengalaman pasien suku Batak Karo dengan Gagal Ginjal Kronis (GGK) dalam menjalani hemodialisa. Penelitian ini merupakan studi fenomenologi deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan indepth interview. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 13 orang yang dipilih dengan teknik purpossive sampling partisipan yang bersuku Batak Karo dan lamanya menjalani hemodialisa minimal enam bulan. Pelaksanaan wawancara dilakukan di rumah sakit Murni Teguh, peneliti kontrak dengan partisipan dan peneliti melakukan wawancara.. Hasil wawancara dianalisa dengan metode collaizi dan ditemukan 3 tema  pada hasil wawancara dengan para partisipan.Tema yang dijumpai yaitu Suasana hati dan pikiran pasien hemodialisa, Ketidakberdayaan memenuhi kebutuhan hidup, Mengikuti pengobatan tradisional Batak karo. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disarankan kepada perawat dalam memberikan perawatan hemodialisa memperhatikan pengobatan tradisional yang juga digunakan oleh pasien sehingga  bisa mengurangi masalah pasien yang menjalani hemodialisa.
The Influence of Health Promotion on Female Students’ Behaviour in SMA An - Nizam Medan about Endometriosis
Authors: Muhammad Rusda  , Rahman Dara Hanifa
Published: December 2019

Endometriosis is a gynaecological disorder that is often characterised by dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and or infertility. These symptoms are very common and often found as a symptom of other diseases so that endometriosis is more difficult to diagnose or often diagnosed late. Therefore, diseases like this would be better if we prevent them before they suffer. Although endometriosis is caused by multifactor, we can still do simple prevention and be positive. However, several other factors cause this prevention not to be applied in daily life such as lack of knowledge, inadequate facilities or an environment that does not support. Therefore, health promotion as a medium of information and the establishment of community self-reliance is expected to shift bad habits or form new good habits to be more vigilant and prevent endometriosis. The study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design with the pretest-posttest method and was processed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Based on the results of data analysis, there is a significant increase in the behaviour of female students before and after health promotion.
Exercise Intensity Alter Insulin Receptor Gene Expression in Diabetic Type - 2 Rat Model
Authors: Yetty Machrina  , Purba Ambrosius , Lindarto Dharma , Maskoen Ani Melani
Published: December 2019

AIM: To analyse the differential expression of the insulin receptor (IR) gene between moderate continuous and severe continuous training in the T2DM rat model.
METHODS: This was an experimental study. Healthy male Wistar was used in this study, which divided into sedentary, moderate continuous training, and severe continuous training. Treated groups were assigned to run on the treadmill three times a week for eight weeks consequently.
RESULTS: The result shown that expression of mRNA IR gene in treated groups decline compared to control. There was a difference mRNA IR gene expression after eight weeks of exercise between MCT and control, SCT and control so are MCT and SCT. IR expression on skeletal muscle in treated groups was different compared with control. The distribution of IR on skeletal muscles in treatment groups was significantly increased compared control, but there was no significant difference distribution between MCT and SCT. HOMA-IR post-test in SCT was lower than MCT but FBG post-test lower in MCT than SCT.
CONCLUSION: The intensity of exercise makes a difference in IR gene expression between moderate continuous training and severe continuous training after eight weeks of assigned exercise in T2DM rat models.
Curcumin’s Effect оn COX-2 аnd IL-10 Serum in Preeclampsia’s Patient Undergo Sectio Caesarea with Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Wulan Fadinie  , Lelo Aznan , Wijaya Dadik Wahyu , Lumbanraja Sarma Nursani
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Curcumin is a major component in curcuminoid which acts as an anti-inflammatory agent. Curcumin affects several biological markers that are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia such as IL-10 and COX-2, resulting in an improvement in pregnant women with preeclampsia.
AIM: To see the effect of perioperative curcumin administration on IL-10 and COX-2 in preeclamptic patients undergoing caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.
METHODS: This study was a double-blind, randomised clinical trial conducted at Pirngadi Hospital, USU Hospital and Sundari General Hospital Medan as a hospital network of Faculty of Medicine, North Sumatra University. Group 1 received a drug containing curcumin (as a treatment), and another group received a placebo (as a control).
RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the median values of COX-2 and IL-10 before and after treatment and also the p-values were greater than 0.05 in both groups (control and treatment).
CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference between the use of curcumin on serum COX-2 and IL-10 levels.
Effectiveness Hand Washing and Hand Rub Method in Reducing Total Bacteria Colony from Nurses in Medan
Authors: Nasution Tetty Aman , Yunita Rina , Pasaribu Ayodhia Pitaloka , Ardinata Fikri M.
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) is a major problem for the patient's health care and may impact the duration of treatment. Hand hygiene is a simple procedure but giving good prevention usually done among nurses at the hospital.
AIM: Objective of the study is to determine the effectivity of handwashing method compared to hand rub to eliminate microorganisms on nurse’s hands at Sumatera Utara University Hospital. This is an experimental analytic study using random sampling technique.
METHODS: There were 16 nurses enrolled in this study. There were 2 groups involved; the first group using handwashing with soap and the other one using hand rub. The swabs were taken from each hand from both groups before and after washing their hands. Moreover, the swabs directly sent to Microbiology Laboratory of Sumatera Utara University to identify bacteria which colonise the hand.
RESULTS: There were no significant differences between using handwashing method compared to hand rub in reducing total bacterial colony on hands (p = 0.088). The average of total colony decreased by using handwashing method is 59.5%, and by using a hand, rub is 47.2%.
CONCLUSION: Hand hygiene method using alcohol-based hand rub liquid has been recommended by WHO and can replace hand washing method in a particular situation.