bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A role for mutations in
AK9
and other genes affecting ependymal cells in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Yang Hong Wei , Lee Semin , Berry Bethany C. , Yang Dejun , Zheng Shaokuan , Carroll Rona S. , Park Peter J. , Johnson Mark D.
Published: December 2023

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is an enigmatic neurological disorder that develops after age 60 and is characterized by gait difficulty, dementia, and incontinence. Recently, we reported that heterozygous
CWH43
deletions may cause iNPH. Here, we identify mutations affecting nine additional genes (
AK9
,
RXFP2, PRKD1, HAVCR1, OTOG, MYO7A, NOTCH1, SPG11, and MYH13
) that are statistically enriched among iNPH patients. The encoded proteins are all highly expressed in choroid plexus and ependymal cells, and most have been associated with cilia. Damaging mutations in
AK9
, which encodes an adenylate kinase, were detected in 9.6% of iNPH patients. Mice homozygous for an iNPH-associated
AK9
mutation displayed normal cilia structure and number, but decreased cilia motility and beat frequency, communicating hydrocephalus, and balance impairment.
AK9
+/− mice displayed normal brain development and behavior until early adulthood, but subsequently developed communicating hydrocephalus. Together, our findings suggest that heterozygous mutations that impair ventricular epithelial function may contribute to iNPH.
Two- and three-body attachment, electron transport and ionisation in water-air mixtures
Authors: de Urquijo J , González-Magaña O , Basurto E , Juárez A M
Published: December 2023

Three-body electron attachment in the mixtures of H2O and dry air have been measured over a wide range of the density-reduced electric field, E/N, from 3–130 Td and gas pressures, for mixture combinations ranging from 1% to 50% of H2O. We have measured the regions of three-body attachment (3–30 Td) and two-body dissociative attachment (40–130 Td). Besides, the increasing amount of H2O in the mixture causes an increase in the three-body reaction rates of up to two orders of magnitude in comparison with that measured for dry air. On the other hand, the three-body attachment coefficients exceed the two-body ones (dissociative attachment) at high pressures. Good agreement has been found with previous measurements of H2O-dry air mixtures with H2O concentrations of up to 2%. We know of no previous work for higher H2O concentrations. Values of the effective ionisation coefficients and longitudinal diffusion coefficients derived from the same measurements are also presented.
Epitaxial growth of magnetron sputtered NiAl on Ge mediated by native GeOx
Authors: Ben Chroud M , Korytov M , Soulié J-P , Adelmann C , Swerts J , Temst K , Carpenter R
Published: December 2023

In this work, the growth of a magnetron sputtered NiAl film on Ge was investigated. Two growth parameters were varied: the deposition temperature and the presence of native GeOx. An epitaxial layer was obtained at a deposition temperature of 400 ∘C and without removal of the native GeOx prior to deposition. At this growth condition, Ni and Al diffused into the Ge forming an epitaxial germanide. This germanide is most likely the τ
3 phase of the Ni–Al–Ge ternary system. The growth of the τ
3 phase is enabled by the GeOx acting as a diffusion barrier for Al. The native GeOx was found to be amorphous and to contain holes through which the NiAl can directly contact the τ
3 germanide and grow epitaxially. These holes are likely formed by thermal degradation when the substrate is heated for deposition. The electrical resistivity for epitaxial NiAl was found to be 13 

μ
Ω

.cm at a thickness of 30 nm which was the lowest value of the tested conditions. Epitaxial NiAl can be used as a seed layer to grow other layers epitaxially in a CMOS-compatible process, e.g. Fe(Co), Cr, MgO, and Heusler alloys.
Searches for baryon number violation in neutrino experiments: a white paper
Authors: Dev P S B , Koerner L W , Saad S , Antusch S , Askins M , Babu K S , Barrow J L , Chakrabortty J , de Gouvêa A , Djurcic Z , Girmohanta S , Gogoladze I , Goodman M C , Higuera A , Kalra D , Karagiorgi G , Kearns E , Kudryavtsev V A , Kutter T , Malinský M , Martinez Caicedo D A , Mohapatra R N , Nath P , Nussinov S , Ochoa-Ricoux J P , Pec V , Rafique A , Rodriguez Rondon J , Shrock R , Sobel H W , Stokes T , Strait M , Svoboda R , Syritsyn S , Takhistov V , Tsai Y-T , Wendell R A , Zhou Y-L
Published: December 2023

Baryon number conservation is not guaranteed by any fundamental symmetry within the standard model, and therefore has been a subject of experimental and theoretical scrutiny for decades. So far, no evidence for baryon number violation has been observed. Large underground detectors have long been used for both neutrino detection and searches for baryon number violating processes. The next generation of large neutrino detectors will seek to improve upon the limits set by past and current experiments and will cover a range of lifetimes predicted by several Grand Unified Theories. In this White Paper, we summarize theoretical motivations and experimental aspects of searches for baryon number violation in neutrino experiments.
Diffusion-reaction model of positron annihilation for complex defect pattern
Authors: Brunner Philipp , Würschum Roland
Published: December 2023

The increasing structural complexity in modern material science is often associated with grain sizes in the µm- and the sub-µm-regime. Therefore, when positron annihilation is applied for studying free-volume type defects in such materials, positron trapping at grain boundaries (GBs) cannot be neglected, even when other defect types are in the primary focus. For this purpose, the available diffusion-reaction model for positron trapping and annihilation at GBs is extended to competitive trapping at two different types of intragranular defects. Closed-form expressions for the mean positron lifetime and the relative intensities of the defect-specific positron lifetime components are given. The model is presented for cylindrical-shaped crystallites, but is valid in the general sense for spherical symmetry as well with appropriate replacements. The model yields the basis for properly determining defect concentrations, even for the inconvenient but common case that one intragranular defect type exhibits a lifetime component similar to that in GBs. It turns out, that positron trapping at GBs matters even for µm-sized crystallites and should not be neglected for precise studies of intragranular defects.
Enhanced critical current density in optimized high-temperature superconducting bilayer thin films
Authors: Rivasto E , Aye M M , Huhtinen H , Paturi P
Published: December 2023

The superconducting and structural properties of bilayer thin films based on YBa2Cu3O

7
−
x

 / YBa2Cu3O

7
−
x

+6%BaZrO3 heterstructures have been studied. In a broad range of magnetic field strengths and temperatures, the optimal bilayer film comprises 30% YBCO at the substrate interface and 70% YBCO+6%BZO on the top. The critical current density measured for the optimal bilayer structure is shown to outperform the corresponding single layer films up to almost 60%. The obtained results are comprehensively discussed in the light of our previously published theoretical framework (Rivasto et al 2023 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
35 075701:1–10). We conclude that the bilayering provides an efficient and easily applicable way to further increase the performance and applicability of high-temperature superconductors in various applications. Consequently, the bilayer films should be seriously considered as candidates for the upcoming generation of coated conductors.
Skyline horizon from a mountain 130 km away
Authors: Ruiz Michael J
Published: December 2023

How far is the horizon? A photograph of a city skyline taken from a mountain (elevation 1610 m) at a distance of 130 km is used to introduce the question. The formula that relates the distance to the horizon from an elevated observer is easy to derive when refraction is neglected. The observed horizon distance of the skyline is compared with the theoretical horizon limit of this simple formula. Finally, refraction is discussed and shown to increase the limit by about 10%. A highly interactive component making measurements on Google Maps is included. Introductory students at the high school and first-year college level will find this real-life physics application that incorporates photography, geography, online maps, Earth science, and elementary mathematics very stimulating.
Making an IMPRESSion: mapping out future directions in modern physics education
Authors: Kersting Magdalena , Blair David , Sandrelli Stefano , Sherson Jacob , Woithe Julia
Published: December 2023

Modern physics is an exciting and rapidly progressing field, prompting significant shifts in how we teach physics across all educational levels. While there is broad agreement on the need to modernise physics education and support physics teachers in this transition, existing initiatives often remain scattered across different educational contexts. In response, this directions paper synthesises insights from the International Modern Physics & Research in Education Seminar Series symposium to guide the efforts of our global physics education community and to increase their impact and reach. We bring together viewpoints from the symposium’s panellists and discuss these views as visions for the future of our field, mapping out pathways for navigating the challenges and opportunities ahead. Ultimately, we hope this paper will serve as a roadmap for teachers, educators, and physicists wishing to enhance modern physics education research and practice.
CNN-based fully automatic mitral valve extraction using CT images and existence probability maps
Authors: Masuda Yukiteru , Ishikawa Ryo , Tanaka Toru , Aoyama Gakuto , Kawashima Keitaro , Chapman James V , Asami Masahiko , Pham Michael Huy Cuong , Kofoed Klaus Fuglsang , Sakaguchi Takuya , Satoh Kiyohide
Published: December 2023

Objective. Accurate extraction of mitral valve shape from clinical tomographic images acquired in patients has proven useful for planning surgical and interventional mitral valve treatments. However, manual extraction of the mitral valve shape is laborious, and the existing automatic extraction methods have not been sufficiently accurate. In this paper, we propose a fully automated method of extracting mitral valve shape from computed tomography (CT) images for the all phases of the cardiac cycle. Approach. This method extracts the mitral valve shape based on DenseNet using both the original CT image and the existence probability maps of the mitral valve area inferred by U-Net as input. A total of 1585 CT images from 204 patients with various cardiac diseases including mitral regurgitation were collected and manually annotated for mitral valve region. The proposed method was trained and evaluated by 10-fold cross validation using the collected data and was compared with the method without the existence probability maps. Main results. The mean error of shape extraction error in the proposed method is 0.88 mm, which is an improvement of 0.32 mm compared with the method without the existence probability maps. Significance. We present a novel fully automatic mitral valve extraction method from input to output for all phases of 4D CT images. We suggest that the accuracy of mitral valve shape extraction is improved by using existence probability maps.
Angular and planar transport properties of antiferromagnetic V5S8
Authors: Wu 吴 Xiao-Kai 晓凯 , Wang 王 Bin 彬 , Wu 吴 De-Tong 德桐 , Chen 陈 Bo-Wen 博文 , Mi 弭 Meng-Juan 孟娟 , Wang 王 Yi-Lin 以林 , Shen 沈 Bing 冰
Published: December 2023

Systemically angular and planar transport investigations are performed in layered antiferromagnetic (AF) V5S8. In this AF system, obvious anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is observed with a large Hall angle of 0.1 compared to that in ferromagnetic (FM) system. It can persist to the temperatures above AF transition and exhibit strong angular field dependence. The phase diagram reveals various magnetic states by rotating the applied field. By analyzing the anisotropic transport behavior, magnon contributions are revealed and exhibit obvious angular dependence with a spin-flop vanishing line. The observed prominent planar Hall effect and anisotropic magnetoresisitivity exhibit two-fold systematical angular dependent oscillations. These behaviors are attributed to the scattering from spin–orbital coupling instead of nontrivial topological origin. Our results reveal anisotropic interactions of magnetism and electron in V5S8, suggesting potential opportunities for the AF spintronic sensor and devices.
Towards a more accurate quasi-static approximation of the electric potential for neurostimulation with kilohertz-frequency sources
*
Authors: Caussade Thomas , Paduro Esteban , Courdurier Matías , Cerpa Eduardo , Grill Warren M , Medina Leonel E
Published: December 2023

Objective. Our goal was to determine the conditions for which a more precise calculation of the electric potential than the quasi-static approximation may be needed in models of electrical neurostimulation, particularly for signals with kilohertz-frequency components. Approach. We conducted a comprehensive quantitative study of the differences in nerve fiber activation and conduction block when using the quasi-static and Helmholtz approximations for the electric potential in a model of electrical neurostimulation. Main results. We first show that the potentials generated by sources of unbalanced pulses exhibit different transients as compared to those of charge-balanced pulses, and this is disregarded by the quasi-static assumption. Secondly, relative errors for current-distance curves were below 3%, while for strength-duration curves these ranged between 1%–17%, but could be improved to less than 3% across the range of pulse duration by providing a corrected quasi-static conductivity. Third, we extended our analysis to trains of pulses and reported a ‘congruence area’ below 700 Hz, where the fidelity of fiber responses is maximal for supra-threshold stimulation. Further examination of waveforms and polarities revealed similar fidelities in the congruence area, but significant differences were observed beyond this area. However, the spike-train distance revealed differences in activation patterns when comparing the response generated by each model. Finally, in simulations of conduction-block, we found that block thresholds exhibited errors above 20% for repetition rates above 10 kHz. Yet, employing a corrected value of the conductivity improved the agreement between models, with errors no greater than 8%. Significance. Our results emphasize that the quasi-static approximation cannot be naively extended to electrical stimulation with high-frequency components, and notable differences can be observed in activation patterns. As well, we introduce a methodology to obtain more precise model responses using the quasi-static approach, retaining its simplicity, which can be a valuable resource in computational neuroengineering.
Status of X-ray Acoustooptics at the Institute of Microelectronics Technology Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Roshchupkin D.
Published: December 2023

The electrical measurement method, scanning electron microscopy method and high-resolution X-ray diffraction method have been used to investigate the process of the surface acoustic wave (SAW) propagation in a LiNbO3 ferroelectric crystal. Measurement of the amplitude-frequency response provides information on the losses in the acoustoelectronic device during the process of the SAW propagation. The scanning electron microscopy method permits to visualize the SAW on the surface of piezoelectric crystals in the real-time mode and to observe diffraction phenomena in acoustic beam. The X-ray diffraction method is sensitive to the crystal lattice distortions by surface acoustic wave and allows determining the SAW amplitudes.
Studies of the 1101+38 Galaxy and the Distribution of Extragalactic Objects Around it
Authors: Mahtessian A.P. , Mkhitaryan S.A. , Amiragyan L.A. , Karapetyan R.A. , Mahtessian L.A. , Hovhannisyan M.A.
Published: December 2023

The galaxy 1101+38=Mrk 421 is a very active BL Lac galaxy and has a great influence on extragalactic sources around it. Our studies of the distribution of extragalactic sources in the vicinity of this galaxy show that these extragalactic sources are distributed in this region homogeneously, which is most clearly manifested in the case of quasars.
Numerical simulation of electron beam depth dose distribution in water phantom passed through modified plastic materials
Authors: Grigorieva A A , Bulavskaya A A , Bushmina E A , Miloichikova I A , Sorokina A A , Stuchebrov S G
Published: December 2023

The aim of the study is to evaluate the feasibility of using modified plastics for 3D printing of boluses for electron beam therapy. Filaments for 3D printing made from plastic materials with an admixture of copper were studied. Test samples were made from these filaments and investigated. Mathematical models of such products were created based on the obtained data. The thicknesses of the boluses made from each modified material were calculated to achieve the same electron beam depth dose distribution in the water phantom as natural plastic. Using a the developed model of a therapeutic electron beam and newly created models of test object materials, the electron beam depth dose distributions in the water phantom that passed through the materials under study were obtained in bolus geometry. The results of the work demonstrate the potential of using modified plastics for creating forming elements in electron beam therapy. The application of this plastic samples for electron beam shaping with individual configuration allows to modify the irradiation field based on the clinical tasks quickly and efficiently and to increase the effectiveness of electron beam radiotherapy procedures.
Influence of Cation Porphyrins on DNA Damage during Irradiation by X-rays
Authors: Aloyan L , Avetisyan A , Arakelyan V , Margaryan H
Published: December 2023

In this work, the effect of TOEPyP4 porphyrins on DNA damage induced by X-ray beams was investigated. The influence of X-ray radiation with different doses on DNA isolated from the calf thymus, as well as DNA/TOEPyP4 complexes, was investigated. To study the influence of the presence of porphyrins on radiation induced DNA damages with different relative concentrations of complexes were investigated (r = 0.01; 0.04, where r = Cporf./CDNA). Then an attempt was made to reveal the possible potentiating effects of porphyrins on DNA damage depending on the concentration of porphyrins and the radiation dose. The studies were carried out by the spectroscopy melting method in 10-3 M NaCl buffer solution, pH 7.2. From obtaining dates, the dependence of the protective or radiation-enhancing properties of porphyrins on the relative concentrations - irradiation dose combination is evident.
Diffraction of a scalar plane wave oblique incidence on a flat screen with a one thin slit
Authors: Khachatrian A Zh , Aghabekyan V N , Soghomonyan L R , Parsamyan A F
Published: December 2023

In the framework of this work, we discuss the problem of diffraction of a plane and time-harmonic field on a flat screen with a single narrow slit. As a rule, this problem is considered for the case of normal incidence. At the same time, for a number of applied problems, in particular, the absorption of solar radiation by photocells, it is interesting to consider the general case of oblique incidence. In this work, the problem is solved in the Fraunhofer approximation. An analytical dependence of the intensity of the diffracted field on the direction of observation, the slit length, and the wavelength of the incident radiation is obtained.
Dynamic diffraction of planar X-rays in a crystal lattice with a weak deformation field
Authors: Kocharyan V R , Trouni K G , Mesropyan M H , Shahverdyan A V , Baghdasaryan D E , Noreyan S N
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we consider the problem of the formation of a wave field during dynamic X-ray diffraction under conditions of weak deformation of the crystal lattice induced by a temperature gradient directed along the diffraction vector. Within the framework of the Takagi equations, which describe the propagation of the amplitudes of transmitted and reflected waves in the grating, analytical solutions dependence on the deformation parameters of these amplitudes are given. The angular width of the reflected X-ray radiation, as well as its dependence on the thickness of the single crystal, has been studied. It is shown that with increasing deformation, the rocking curves of the crystal slowly broaden, and their maximum intensity increases, reaching unity (the case of complete transfer). With a further increase in the deformation of the reflecting planes, the rocking curves continues to widen, and their maximum slowly decreases. It is also shown that the angular width of the complete transfer x-rays is directly proportional to the thickness of the sample under study. All observed phenomena are given a theoretical interpretation based on the general theory of dynamic scattering based on the Takagi equations and the eikonal approximation for weakly deformed crystal lattice fields.
Radiation processes on acoustic superlattices
Authors: Saharian A A , Grigoryan L Sh , Khachatryan H F , Parazian V V
Published: December 2023

We describe several radiation processes in media excited by volume and surface acoustic waves. They include the Cherenkov and transition radiations on acoustic superlattices, transition radiation on an interface with a dynamical periodic structure, the Smith-Purcell radiation on surface waves, bremsstrahlung of high-energy electrons and the creation of electron-positron pairs by high energy photons in crystals in the presence of hypersonic waves. The conditions on the parameters of acoustic fields are specified under which their influence is essential. All these considerations show that the acoustic waves can serve as an efficient mechanism to control the parameters of various kinds of radiation processes.
Generation of radiation on forbidden transitions in the region of 654-658 nm in an acoustoplasmic medium
Authors: Abrahamyan A S , Chilingaryan R Yu , Melikyan A H , Mkrtchyan A H , Harutyunyan V A
Published: December 2023

In the region of the first positive system (FPS) band of spectrum of nitrogen in acoustoplasma, under laboratory conditions, the generation of intense lines was experimentally obtained at forbidden transitions of a singly ionized nitrogen molecule at 654.81 and 658.36 nm. The intense lines obtained correspond to the stimulated emission mechanism. The intensity of the forbidden lines significantly (up to 17 times) exceeded the intensity of neighboring lines in the spectrum of the first positive system band of nitrogen. Spectroscopic studies did not allow resolution of the rotational spectrum. However, the spectral width for both lines at forbidden transitions is much smaller than the FPS bandwidth of nitrogen. The result obtained is explained by an analogue of Raman scattering and an acoustoplasmic medium, which remove the prohibitions characteristic of dipole radiation.
Application of the catastrophe theory to acoustoplasma research
Authors: Abrahamyan A S , Sahakyan K G , Chilingaryan R Yu
Published: December 2023

In the paper the possibility of applying the mathematical theory of catastrophes to the processes occurring during the interaction of acoustic fields with plasma is considering. In particular, it is proposed to apply the theory to find out possible jumps in parameters and phase transitions in an acoustoplasmic medium. Based on the experimentally obtained database (in this case, for acoustoplasmic processes), a mathematical model of the process under study was constructed. And then, applying the theory of catastrophes, it is determined whether there are sudden changes in the values of control parameters in the area under consideration, critical points of unstable equilibrium and phase transitions, i.e. catastrophic parameter jumps. The choice of the equation describing the process is made based on the number of control parameters for this process. It is also proposed to use the methodology in various fields of science and technology, where similar conditions may arise.
Research on the Data Collection and Scenario Generation Method for Automated Vehicles
Authors: Zhai Yang , Zhang Yufei , Du Zhibin , Sun Bohua , Liu Yingxin , Chen Shuo , Chen Chen
Published: December 2023

Automated vehicles should be tested before they can be driven on the road, and the data collection and scenario generation is of great significance for the functional verification and development of automated vehicles. This research focuses on the methods for data collection and scenario generation. The data collection system is established to form industry recognized standards for the data collection. The data collection platform uses vehicles which are equipped with sensors. Based on functions of automated vehicles, functional scenarios, logical scenarios and specific scenarios are established in sequence. Specific scenarios are obtained by Monte Carlo random sampling with the probability density distribution to improve the efficiency of simulation testings. Results show that the method of data collection and scenario generation is reasonable and the scenarios based on the real world can be generated to verify the effectiveness of the automated vehicles.
Analyzing and Applying Big Data Technologies Based on Industrial Internet Data
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li Lin , Luo LiXia , Liu Fei , Wang YuGang
Published: December 2023

With the development of the industrial internet, data has gradually become the key engine driving the digital transformation of enterprises. The progress of the industrial internet is inseparable from the application of industrial data. To more effectively utilize data to empower businesses, many enterprises have put forward higher requirements for the real-time and reliability of industrial data collection. In the actual process of industrial data collection, issues such as large data volume, high real-time data processing requirements, and inconsistent data protocol standards are often encountered. In response to these problems, this paper, combined with practical engineering applications, proposes a big data construction technology solution based on industrial internet data processing. This solution aims to meet the high-concurrency data access needs of industrial equipment, using distributed messaging systems, high-throughput real-time stream processing frameworks, and distributed storage databases as the technical support for industrial data processing. This will help to complete the processing of massive industrial equipment data, thereby meeting the application requirements of various industrial big data processing business systems.
Operation Strategy Optimization of Energy Storage Virtual Synchronous Machine Using Big Data Analysis Technology
Authors: Xiang Zhicai , Chen Yang , Li Yunda , Li Zhaoming , Man Yangyang
Published: December 2023

With the increasing combination of energy with the power grid, energy storage systems play a crucial role in maintaining grid stability and ensuring reliable power supply. In recent years, the concept of energy storage virtual synchronous machine (VSM) has emerged as an effective and flexible method for mimicking the behavior of synchronous generators in energy storage systems. This paper presents a new approach to optimize the operation strategy of energy storage VSM using big data analytics techniques. The proposed method utilizes data analysis to enhance the performance and efficiency of energy storage systems, contributing to overall grid reliability and resilience. Neural networks are employed as an efficient big data analytics technique, and in this study, they are applied to evaluate and optimize the operation strategy of energy storage VSM. Firstly, this paper evaluates the operation strategy of energy storage VSM using a deep belief network (DBN) as the underlying network. Secondly, an improved whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is proposed. IWOA initializes the initial population by employing a mapping strategy, laying the foundation for global search. Furthermore, IWOA introduces a nonlinear strategy to balance the global and local exploration capabilities, while avoiding premature convergence based on diversified mutation strategies. IWOA demonstrates significant improvements in search speed and convergence accuracy, with a strong ability to escape local optima. Thirdly, this paper utilizes IWOA to initialize the weights and thresholds of the DBN network, constructing IWOA-DBN. The network is then utilized to evaluate and optimize the operation strategy of energy storage VSM based on the evaluation results. The feasibility and correctness of IWOA-DBN are validated through systematic experiments.
An improved genetic algorithm with density-guiding operator based on the location selection model of emergency logistics center
Authors: Cao Jinjing , Fang Huang
Published: December 2023

In disaster relief efforts, establishing logistical channels with the affected population is crucial. This necessitates the construction of temporary logistics distribution centers. However, rapidly selecting suitable locations for these temporary logistics centers presents a considerable challenge. An inability to swiftly provide viable relief strategies can have significant negative implications for both the government’s reputation and the overall effectiveness of the relief efforts. In terms of problem modeling, the majority of researchers base their models on economic variables, with few considering the issue of panic among the disaster-affected populace. However, it is critical to address not only the widespread panic but also to focus on proactive rescue operations for those who are excessively panic-stricken or less mobile due to the disaster. In this article, we create an improved genetic algorithm with a density-guiding operator based on the location selection model of emergency logistics centers to address these issues. During variation iteration, the algorithm introduces population density as a guide and makes the algorithm’s parameters adaptive and dynamic, which can successfully choose a superior option. Finally, numerical tests are run on the Jiading District of Shanghai data set to confirm the algorithm’s efficacy. The final improvement of the adaptive algorithm is 13.21%.
An Intelligent Manufacturing Models Recommendation Model Based on Knowledge Graph and Recommendation Algorithms
Authors: Zhang Liwei , Hou Kaixuan
Published: December 2023

With the concept of intelligent manufacturing, a variety of intelligent manufacturing models emerge. But companies don’t have enough knowledge to choose the suitable intelligent manufacturing model. To solve this problem, based on lean design principles, combined with expert knowledge and expertise, we propose an Intelligent Manufacturing Models Recommendation Model (referred to as IMMR Model). First, we categorize customer requirements into real need, customer preference and customer expectation to accurately identify customer requirements. Then, we use knowledge graph to build a professional knowledge base for intelligent manufacturing, and form customized intelligent manufacturing models based on lean design. Finally, a recommendation system is constructed by combining an ontology rule-based recommendation algorithm and a similarity-based recommendation algorithm to recommend suitable intelligent manufacturing models for different customer requirements.
Parameter Optimization of Energy Storage Virtual Synchronous Machine Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Cui Rongxi , Du Shanhui , Li Zhongyu , Chen Yang , Zhang Xu
Published: December 2023

Energy transformation is a severe challenge and major demand faced by China’s sustainable development, and new energy development has become a key driving force for energy transformation. The issue of system stability is brought to light by the steadily rising share of renewable energy sources like wind and solar, which in turn places greater demands on the inertia support capacity of power plants. In order to replicate the dynamic equations of a conventional synchronous machine and add inertia and damping to the system, a new technology known as virtual synchronous machine (VSM) control has arisen. Therefore, improving the system’s absorption capacity of new energy generation and ensuring its safe and stable operation are both greatly aided by the study of energy storage VSM control technology’s grid stability and parameter design methods. Although VSM control adds inertia to a system, which is good for stability, it also complicates the system’s ability to withstand tiny disturbances. This paper investigates the small disturbance stability of VSM-controlled power generating and storage systems. The stability analysis method of storage VSM when subjected to random power sources is investigated further, and a method for optimising the system’s parameters is proposed. VSM with optimised parameters can provide sufficient inertia and damping under complex operating conditions, as shown by simulation results in real-world systems. Finally, the proposed method’s efficacy was assessed with the help of an enhanced binary particle swarm optimisation (EBPSO) algorithm, and the outcomes confirmed its superiority.
Energy Efficiency Prediction of Energy Storage Virtual Synchronous Machine Based on Long Short-Term Memory Network
Authors: Li Zhongyu , Liu Xu , Lin Yu , Xu Xiaohua , Wang Xiangfa
Published: December 2023

The integration of renewable energy sources in the power grid has led to an increased demand for energy storage systems to manage the intermittency and variability of these sources. Among various energy storage technologies, Energy Storage Virtual Synchronous Machines (ESVSMs) have emerged as a promising solution for enhancing grid stability and energy efficiency. However, optimizing the performance of ESVSMs requires accurate energy efficiency predictions. This paper proposes a energy efficiency prediction network (EEPNet) to achieve energy efficiency prediction of ESVSMs. Firstly, considering the peculiarity of storing virtual synchronous machine efficiency fluctuations, this paper improves the traditional Inception structure. This allows for the extraction of information at different scales and its fusion to obtain a better representation. Secondly, this paper introduces residual connections in the structure. This not only avoids the difficulties in model training caused by deep networks but also helps to integrate the original information with the extracted information. Thirdly, building upon the improved Inception structure, this work combines long short-term memory (LSTM) and attention mechanisms to construct a complete network architecture, further enhancing the performance of the entire model. Finally, the effectiveness and validity of the model are validated through comprehensive experiments.
Application of Multi-sensory interaction design Based on Machine Learning in Virtual Reality
Authors: Zheng Liming
Published: December 2023

Virtual reality (VR) technology is well-known to the public for its unparalleled sense of environmental immersion, which is accompanied by a large amount of human-computer interaction between users and objects in the virtual environment. Users transmit and obtain information through their senses, so the processing mechanism of information in various senses under the background of VR technology has become the foundation of research. In the process of natural information dissemination, users’ senses are synergistically involved, so whether there is a correlation between various senses that affects users’ final perception has become an important theoretical support for studying multi-sensory interaction. Facial expression recognition is an important component of multi-sensory interaction technology. Therefore, this article mainly uses machine learning algorithms to achieve real-time detection of facial targets in images or videos, as well as classification and recognition of facial expressions. To meet the task requirements of the expression recognition module, this article selects the DeepID network model based on deep learning in the field of facial recognition as the basic model for the expression recognition function. This study utilizes the excellent feature extraction ability of the original network for facial images and introduces residual modules and attention mechanisms, making the modified network model more suitable for facial expression multi classification recognition tasks. The recognition accuracy of the facial expression classification algorithm proposed by this work reaches 97.2%.
Detection of cracks in aircraft structures using digital image processing technology
Authors: Zheng Hao
Published: December 2023

Full-scale aircraft structural fatigue testing exposes structural weaknesses by simulating the use of the aircraft in service and monitoring the development and expansion of fatigue cracks to guide the optimisation of aircraft structural design, the determination of service life and the development of maintenance and repair programmes. If crack damage is not detected in time, the uncontrolled expansion of the crack may lead to structural damage and prolong the test cycle. Therefore, it is crucial to achieve accurate detection of early cracks in fatigue testing of aircraft structures. Digital image technology is a new technology supported by a number of technical and theoretical achievements. In practical application, it relies on the support of computer functions, by converting image information into two-dimensional digital signals, thus realising various operations. In this paper, digital image processing techniques are used to deepen the backbone feature extraction network structure and improve the prediction scale of small targets, thus improving the performance of the model in terms of feature extraction and small defect detection. Experimental results show that the method can achieve accurate detection of small cracks, providing an effective technical approach for the automatic detection of cracks in aircraft structural fatigue tests. The technique of detecting cracks in aircraft structures using digital image processing also provides a new idea for research into improving aircraft endurance testing, which can be further developed with the aid of image technology.
Climate change adaptation and mitigation in agriculture: a review of the evidence for synergies and tradeoffs
Authors: Barbieri Lindsay , Bittner Carolyn , Wollenberg Eva , Adair E Carol
Published: December 2023

Agricultural practices that both support climate change mitigation and facilitate adaptation to a changing climate are critical for reducing greenhouse gas emissions while ensuring food security. This need has led to many claims regarding the potential for a variety of agricultural practices to achieve synergies between mitigation and adaptation in agriculture. However, the evidence for climate change mitigation and adaptation synergies in agriculture remains mixed. To evaluate such claims, we examined the evidence for these synergies by conducting a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature that make claims about outcomes for both climate change adaptation and mitigation in agriculture. Based on 87 articles identified, we show that synergistic outcomes are claimed more frequently than tradeoffs for all practices, yet the evidence was stronger for mixed and conflicting outcomes than for synergies. Indeed, claims of synergistic outcomes may be overstated, because these publications more often relied on secondary data rather than empirically evaluating adaptation and mitigation outcomes. We also show important gaps in the consideration and assessment of climate change adaptation and mitigation objectives and outcomes. This review highlights the critical need for more robust research, evidence, and evaluation of the adaptation and mitigation outcomes of agricultural practices, and the need to clarify the contexts of such results, in order to effectively support policies and practices that aim to promote synergistic outcomes and avoid conflicting outcomes.
Modelling plastic fluxes with INCA-macroplastics in the Imus catchment: impacts of long-term accumulation and extreme events
Authors: Clayer François , Norling Magnus D , Fürst Kathinka , Hurley Rachel , Creencia Glenn Bryan A , Msojica Daeniel Zarene P , Dizon Jose Carlo R , Lin Yan , Nizzetto Luca , Sedigo Noel A , Olsen Marianne , Veiteberg Braten Hans Fredrik
Published: December 2023

Plastic environmental pollution is threatening water resources, aquatic ecosystems, and human wellbeing but is still highly uncertain with global fluxes to sea of 0.4–13 Mt\yr, and up to 517 Mt of mismanaged plastics on land. Catchment modelling tools are required to challenge current knowledge, simulate impacts of management initiatives, and complement global and observation-based studies. Here we present the first spatiotemporally explicit model for mismanaged plastic mobilization and transport from land to sea from the INtegrated CAtchment (INCA) family. INCA-Macroplastics encompasses all components of the catchment, is driven by available data (weather, population, solid waste) and enables calibration and validation against diverse observations (river monitoring, household surveys). INCA-Macroplastics was applied to the Imus River, Philippines, one of World’s most polluted rivers. Given large uncertainties on catchment plastic retention, two calibrations and two emission scenarios were developed to describe catchment plastic fluxes, residence time and stocks over 1990–2020. Plastic fluxes to the sea are highly variable over years and seasons (55–75% exported during the wet season) and have increased exponentially over 1990–2020 from 5–100 to 2000–15000 tons\yr. INCA-Macroplastics is the first model handling plastic accumulation on land and highlights the importance of extreme flooding events in mobilizing and transporting legacy plastics. Model outputs explicitly show that current land plastic pollution can impact fluxes to the ocean for up to 30 years into the future. INCA-Macroplastics is useful to provide tailored recommendations for local monitoring, testing waste management scenarios and pointing towards future research avenues.
A biological dipole variability in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Pathirana Gayan , Noh Kyung Min , Lee Dong-Geon , Lee Huiji , Kug Jong-Seong
Published: December 2023

The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is a prominent mode of climate variability in the tropical Indian Ocean (IO). It exerts a significant influence on biological activities in this region. To elucidate the biological response to the IOD, previous research has introduced the biological dipole mode index (BDMI). However, the delineation of the region by the BDMI has limitations in capturing IOD-induced chlorophyll variations in the IO. By analyzing observational data and historical simulations from a Coupled Model Intercomparison Project model, this study shows that chlorophyll anomalies in the IO exhibit a dipole pattern in response to IOD. During the developing and mature phases of the positive IOD, we observe a substantial decrease in chlorophyll in the south-southwest of India, contrasting with a pronounced increase in the southeast of the IO. This response is attributed to anomalous southeasterly winds induced by IOD, which enhance nutrient upwelling in the southeastern IO and suppress it in the south-southwest of India, resulting in corresponding changes in surface chlorophyll blooms. Based on this finding, we propose a new biological dipole index that more robustly explains the surface chlorophyll response to IOD in the tropical IO. This study highlights the profound influence of IOD on oceanic chlorophyll and underscores the importance of a more comprehensive understanding of the associated biophysical interactions.
Domain walls and vector solitons in the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Snee David D J M , Ma Yi-Ping
Published: December 2023

We outline a program to classify domain walls (DWs) and vector solitons in the 1D two-component coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (CNLS) equation without restricting the signs or magnitudes of any coefficients. The CNLS equation is reduced first to a complex ordinary differential equation (ODE), and then to a real ODE after imposing a restriction. In the real ODE, we identify four possible equilibria including ZZ, ZN, NZ, and NN, with Z(N) denoting a zero (nonzero) value in a component, and analyze their spatial stability. We identify two types of DWs including asymmetric DWs between ZZ and NN and symmetric DWs between ZN and NZ. We identify three codimension-1 mechanisms for generating vector solitons in the real ODE including heteroclinic cycles, local bifurcations, and exact solutions. Heteroclinic cycles are formed by assembling two DWs back-to-back and generate extended bright-bright (BB), dark-dark (DD), and dark-bright (DB) solitons. Local bifurcations include the Turing (Hamiltonian–Hopf) bifurcation that generates Turing solitons with oscillatory tails and the pitchfork bifurcation that generates DB, bright-antidark, DD, and dark-antidark solitons with monotonic tails. Exact solutions include scalar bright and dark solitons with vector amplitudes. Any codimension-1 real vector soliton can be numerically continued into a codimension-0 family. Complex vector solitons have two more parameters: a dark or antidark component can be numerically continued in the wavenumber, while a bright component can be multiplied by a constant phase factor. We introduce a numerical continuation method to find real and complex vector solitons and show that DWs and DB solitons in the immiscible regime can be related by varying bifurcation parameters. We show that collisions between two DB solitons with a nonzero phase difference in their bright components typically feature a mass exchange that changes the frequencies and phases of the two bright components and the two soliton velocities.
Fluctuating asymmetry patterns of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in fish hatchery center of Kabat, Banyuwangi, Indonesia
Authors: Lutfiyah L , Budi D S
Published: December 2023

A decrease in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry quality has occurred in many hatcheries indicated by fry abnormality increase, which causes low survival and growth rates. This research aims to obtain quantitative information of asymmetry level on common carp fry in the Fish Hatchery Centre (FHC) of Kabat as a reference for the breeding program. A total of 200 common carp fries with a total length of 5-7 cm were obtained from FHC of Kabat. The observed magnitude (FAm) and number (FAn) are fluctuating asymmetry. To calculate both of them; bilateral meristic characteristics were measured are pectoral fins radii, ventral fins radii, and scales on the lineal lateralis number. We found that there was an incidence of asymmetric fluctuations in FHC of Kabat with the highest FAm and FAn were obtained in lateral line scales. This implies inbreeding which causes a decrease in hatchery productivity, so the introduction of brood stock from other areas is required.