bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A NEW APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF WEATHER CONDITIONS ON THE HUMAN ORGANISM
Authors: Saltykova Marina M. , Bobrovnitskii I. P. , Yakovlev M. Yu. , Banchenko A. D. , Nagornev S. N.
Published: March 2019

Despite the long history of studying the influence of meteo- and heliogeophysical factors on the human body, the mechanisms of this influence remain unclear. The inability to influence weather conditions makes it necessary to develop new, experimental approaches to such research. To analyze the effect of the ambient air temperature, atmospheric pressure, moisture and other meteorological indices on the human body, and to identify the mechanisms of such impact, there is proposed a new approach using an appropriate experimental stand (weather experimental stand). The basis of such stand can be composed of a climatic chamber, the technical characteristics of which allow carrying out research with human participation. In such studies, various physiological and biochemical indices can be monitored, as well as psychological tests can be administered. Such studies are of particular relevance in relation to the intensive development of the Arctic since in high latitudes the influence of heliogeophysical and meteorological factors is very pronounced. The climate of the Arctic is characterized by a combination of significant temperature fluctuations, atmospheric pressure, low absolute and high relative humidity, strong winds, significant changes in the geomagnetic field and atmospheric electricity, a pronounced deficit of UV radiation and light aperiodicity. Features of the natural conditions of the North, apparently, cause a high incidence of the diseases of the circulatory and respiratory system in the alien population (in comparison with the indigenous one). In addition, the article draws attention to the fact that the only weather factor, whose mechanisms of influence are sufficiently well studied, is the change in ambient air temperature, and these mechanisms were studied through research done under experimental conditions.
THE RELEVANCE OF THE DEFINITION OF BLASTOCYSTIS SPP. IN ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTS AS POTENTIAL RISK FACTORS FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF PROTOZOAL HUMAN INFECTION
Authors: Gritsyuk Olga V. , Kuznetsova K. Yu. , Zagainova A. V.
Published: March 2019

The most abundant protozoan Blastocystis spp. from human and animal intestines is one of the poor-studied pathogens causing the occurrence of a protozoal infection of the human gastrointestinal tract. In Russia, no Blastocyst invasion is recorded and neither included in the forms of state statistical reporting. The manifestations of the epidemic process of blastocyst can be judged based on a small number of studies. Analysis of clinical observations and literature data indicates a variety of forms, localization, and nature of the infection manifestation. This article is devoted to substantiating the need to detect blastocysts in environmental objects (water, soil, surfaces) as potential risk factors for the occurrence of a protozoal infection. At the same time, the studies both of the survival duration in the external environment and influence of various factors the Blastocystis survival have both the theoretical and practical importance. This information can be used in problems of epidemiology and epizootiology, for developing new methods for Blastocystis elimination, and identifying ways of spreading these parasites. Infection risk factors are sanitary and hygienic problems of environmental objects (geographical, environmental and social factors), profession features, contact with animals, use of contaminated water and food, immigration and travel to tropical countries, as well as people with weakened immune status.
MATERIALS FOR THE SUBSTANTIATION OF HYGIENIC STANDARD OF MICROCYSTIN-LR IN WATER OF WATER OBJECTS
Authors: Egorova Nataliya A. , Kuz N. V. , Sinitsyna O. O.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The growth of the anthropogenic pollution of water bodies and the regulation of river flow has led to an almost universal intensification of eutrophication of water bodies, which contributes to the mass development (“blooming “) in the summer cyanobacteria - blue-green algae. The main danger of “ blooming “ is the ability of cyanobacteria to produce toxins to adversely affect human health, among which hepatotoxin microcystin-LR takes the first place in prevalence and toxicity. To date, microcystin-LR in drinking water is regulated by WHO and 22 States, but in Russia, microcystin-LR in water is not standardized. The purpose of this work is to substantiate the MAC of microcystin-LR in water of water bodies and drinking water of the Russian Federation. Material and methods. The data of the world practice of the toxicity assessment of microcystin-LR, including the acute and chronic effects of microcystin-LR on animals and humans in natural conditions; the results of the study of acute, subacute and chronic toxic effects, effects on reproductive function, mutagenic, genotoxic and carcinogenic effects in experiments on laboratory animals were analyzed. The methodology of substantiation and harmonization of hygienic standards of substances in water was used. Results. Analysis of the information about the toxic effect of microcystin-LR, the experience of WHO and 22 countries on the regulation of its permissible content in water, as well as domestic experience of justification and harmonization of hygienic standards makes it possible to recommend the MAC microcystin-LR in water of water bodies and drinking water at the level of 0.001 mg/l marked “k” (carcinogen), 1st hazard class, limiting harmfulness index - sanitary-toxicological. Discussion. The results of the study showed that to justify the MAC of microcystin-LR in water, one index of harmfulness is sufficient - sanitary-toxicological, the study of the effect on organoleptic and general sanitary indices is not advisable because of the specific properties of the toxin. Conclusion. In the conditions of non-decreasing pollution of water bodies with cyanotoxins of blue-green algae, the introduction of MAC microcystin-LR will be important for the prevention of its adverse effects on public health.
ANTHROPOGENIC MODIFICATION OF MYCOBIOTA ON VIZE ISLAND (IN THE KARA SEA)
Authors: Kirtsideli Irina Yu. , Vlasov D. Yu. , Zelenskaya M. S. , Barantsevich E. P. , Novozhilov Yu. K. , Krylenkov V. A. , Churkina I. V. , Sokolov V. T.
Published: March 2019

This article presents the results of mycological studies of soils, substrate and airborne fungi on the Vize island in the Kara Sea (one of the most northern settlements of Russia). Mycological analysis of samples from the Vize island showed the presence of microfungi in most of the studied samples. There is a domination of dark-colored fungi on anthropogenically introduced materials. Among the introduced microfungi a significant proportion of the species known as destructors of materials, as well as the conditional pathogens of humans. 59 species of microfungi were identified. 40 microfungi species were isolated from soils. 30 species were isolated from anthropogenic contaminated soils and 17 in control (“pure”) soils. There is a general tendency to the reduction the species diversity and the number of microfungi as the soil depth increases. In anthropogenic contaminated soils, not only the species composition changed, but also the dominant species. The calculation of mycological hazard indices (Im) showed critical values (more than 8) for microfungi complexes of anthropogenic contaminated soil. The obtained data indicate a qualitative difference in the complexes of microfungi in control and contaminated soils. 25 species of microfungi were isolated from artificial and natural materials. Dark-colored microfungi dominated the anthropogenic substrates. The predominant group of microfungi from artificial and natural materials were known as destructors of various materials and as human pathogens. The airborne fungi of the studied territories were characterized by low numbers and species composition. In general, the share of conditionally pathogenic microfungi in the studied habitats of the island Vize ranged from 33% to 75%. The obtained data testify of expediency to using the structure of microfungi complexes as an index the of anthropogenic impact on ecosystems of the Arctic.
ON THE POSSIBLE PARTICULARITY OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION TO GALLSTONE DISEASE
Authors: German Serafima V. , Modestova A. V. , Zykova I. E. , Bobrovnitsky I. P. , Yakovlev M. Yu.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. Up to now, it has not been established whether Helicobacter pylori, the most common bacterial pathogen of human, is involved in cholelithiasis. Material and Methods. Based on the analysis of prophylactic medical examination of working people in the Moscow region, the determination the pyloric Helicobacter infection and assessment of the virulence of bacteria there were studied the associations of H. pylori infection and gallstones. The infection was detected by the presence of serum specific antibodies of IgG class, the virulence of the strain H. pylori - by the presence of total antibodies to the protein associated with the cytotoxic gene CagA. There was used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The study included 1,487 people, 931 men and 556 women aged 21-77 years. Results. The H. pylori infection was detected in 1348 (90,6%), CagA protein in - 392 (56.2 %) cases. Gallstones were diagnosed in 72 patients, 21 men (2.3%) and 51 women (9.2%), 67 were seropositive (5% of all infected) and 5 - seronegative (3.6% uninfected). In cholelithiasis cases, the presence of CagA positive strain of H. pylori was investigated in 35 patients. A virulent strain of bacteria was detected in 26 cases (74%), much more often than in the rest examined persons. Conclusion. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of cholelithiasis in infected H. pylori and non-infected individuals. A significantly higher prevalence of infection with pathogenic strains of H. pylori in patients with gallstones was found in comparison with the whole group of examined patients, that indicates to the favor of possible involvement of H. pylori infection in this pathology. Confirmation of the role of H. pylori infection as a cumulative risk factor for the gallstones cholecystitis, as well as for other extragastral pathologies, may have an epidemiological, prophylactic, clinical application, due to its widespread prevalence. Further research is needed.
CYTOLOGICAL INDICES OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES AND THE ADAPTATION’S STATE OF CHILDREN LIVING IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF THE ENTERPRISE - ODOR SOURCE
Authors: Belyaeva Natalia N. , Budarina O. V. , Sabirova Z. F. , Rosolovsky A. P. , Shipulina Z. V.
Published: March 2019

The work of a number of enterprises is known to be accompanied with emissions into the air of complex multicomponent mixtures with a specific smell, the obsessive effect of which can cause complaints of the population, including various health problems. As a rule, abroad in these cases, only the level of psychological stress (“annoyance”) is evaluated without an objective analysis of the health status, which necessitates the development of a methodology for such analysis. Therefore, the work uses a wide range of health assessment of children: the cytological status of the cheek mucosa on 13 indices, the distribution of children according to three stages of adaptation and medical examinations of specialists to determine the health groups of children in control preschool institutions and preschool institutions located near the enterprise for the production of chewing gum. According to the research of cytological status using the non-invasive method, most of the indices did not differ significantly within the compared groups. The assessment of the health status according to the data of in-depth medical examination by specialists and the distribution by stages of adaptation allowed establishing certain differences in the studied indices in the children’s population, but these differences were assessed as preliminary. Earlier analytical studies have shown that many components forming specific odor emissions of the enterprise have an irritant effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes and upper respiratory tract. Meanwhile, all of them are in concentrations not exceeding their hygienic standards, which may cause the absence of the influence of a weak, barely noticeable odor (no more than 2 points) on the cytological status of children. The need to develop a comprehensive approach to the study of the mechanisms of the development of pathological conditions associated with odor, using multiparameter studies, including the analysis of psycho-emotional status, was shown.
QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS OF NITRATES IN URINE AND N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE IN BLOOD AS MARKERS OF THE ORAL EXPOSURE TO NITRATES INTRODUCED WITH DRINKING WATER
Authors: Zaitseva N. V. , Ulanova T. S. , Nurislamova Tatyana V. , Popova N. A. , Maltseva O. A.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The nitrate entry into the body with drinking water might lead to endogenous nitrotyrosine and N-nitrosamine formation. The study aims to prove quantitative measurement of N-nitrosodimethylamine in blood and nitrates in urine as markers of the exposure to nitrates entering the body with drinking water. Material and methods. Analysis of blood samples for N-nitrosodimethylamine was carried out using Agilent gas chromatograph with quadrupole mass spectrometric detector. When preparing blood samples, an automatic system for solid extraction Sepaths was used. Studies of urine samples for nitrates were carried out using the system of capillary electrophoresis “Kapel”. The target audience includes two groups. Children consuming drinking water with nitrate level exceeding hygienic norm by 1.2 times and N-nitrosodimethylamine level exceeding by 1.6 times. The second group included children consuming drinking water of satisfactory quality. The establishment of cause-effect relationships is carried out using the package of applied programs Statistica 6.0. Results. The nitrate level in drinking water of target area was 51.7 mg/dm3, what is by 4.7 times higher than in comparison area of 10.9 mg/dm3. The N-nitrosodimethylamine level was at the level of 0.016 mg/dm3, which is by 2.5 higher than in the comparison area of 0.0065 mg/dm3. Discussion. The long-term exposure to nitrate and N-nitrosodimethylamine in the drinking water was found out to form in the children’s blood of first group the N-nitrosodimethylamine accounted of 0.0045±0.0014 mg/dm3 i.e. by 1.5 times higher in comparison with the second group (0.003±0.0009 mg/dm3). In the urine of children from the first group, the nitrates were by 1.5 times more than in the urine of children in the second group. Experimental studies proved that the concentration of nitrates in the urine and N-nitrosodimethylamine in the blood might be considered as markers of the oral exposure and correspond to the permitted level for nitrates in the urine of 43.7 mg/dm3 and N-nitrosodimethylamine in the blood of 0.003 mg/dm3 when nitrate concentration in drinking water is from of 45-51.7 mg/dm3 and N-nitrosodimethylamine from of 0.01-0.016 mg/dm3.
SUBSTANTIATION OF THE PLACE OF ALTERNATIVE BIOLOGICAL METHODS IN HYGIENIC RESEARCH
Authors: Donerian Larisa G. , Vodyanova M. A.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The article presents an analysis of the most common methods of biotesting, as well as the search for promising directions for the development of rapid diagnostics. The advantages of alternative biological methods for assessing chemical pollutants in environmental objects to study their effect on living organisms are considered. Material and methods. The paper compares data on the toxicity of various anti-ice materials, ash and slag pharmaceutical preparations and pyrolysis mixture of filtration combustion in experiments using animals and hydrobionts. Ecotoxicological studies were carried out using daphnia, infusorium, luminous bacteria, as well as the culture of mammalian cells. Toxicological - in acute, subacute experiments, including the study of specific immunological indicators, allergenic and skin-irritating effects. Results. For the toxicants studied, inactive concentrations and dilutions are determined for biological models, hazard classes are established. The results of toxicological experiments are presented. Discussion. Attempts to improve the methods of biotesting are carried out in the direction of the creating a battery of bio-tests, shortening the terms of testing and instrumentalizing studies. The analysis of works on various areas of biological research allows us talking about the need to use alternative methods in the preliminary stages of obtaining results. This may be applicable to the establishment of MPC of chemicals in the soil. For each of the indices of harmfulness can be used as a preliminary biotest: the survival of daphnia - for the water-migration index, the presence of Azotobacter - for general health, etc. Conclusion. The selectivity of the responses to toxicants makes it possible to identify target organs in warm-blooded animals, and also to predict the impact on environmental objects through hydrobiont models.
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFICALLY BASED APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT OF THE PROCESSES OF CONSERVATION OF THE ACTIVITY OF DIAGNOSTIC SERA OF CASES WITH IN LARVAL PARASITIC DISEASES
Authors: Kuznetsova Kamalya Yu. , Zhnakina Zh. V. , Maniya T. R. , Kuznetsova M. A.
Published: March 2019

There was performed a study of the diagnostic activity of sera with antibodies to Toxocara spp. and Echinococcus spp. in conditions of long storage at different temperature regimes. The use of cryoprotectants makes it possible to increase the safety of diagnostic sera by two times during prolonged storage at low temperatures.
METHOD OF PERSONALIZED FORECASTING, PRESERVATION, DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT
Authors: Marasanov Aleksandr V. , Valtseva E. A. , Minenko I. A. , Zvonikov V. M.
Published: March 2019

In the article, an overview of the information on the method and application technology of SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses Opportunities, Threats) analysis is presented. The specific characters of the method, the object domain of its application, the task, the methodology are disclosed. An interesting idea is the scheme of the options used to achieve more complete benefit from the method. The strengths and the shortcomings of the SWOT analysis noted by experts in the field of its application are given. Further on, the authors propose an innovative technology for using the SWOT model to develop personalized forecasting, preservation, development, and management of health, based on the provisions of the functional direction of genetics - phenomics. The advantages of technology, the urgency of its application are revealed. The new technology is based on provisions of the development of the theory of the essential adaptation. To ensure the state of health the functioning level of the body’s systems must be consistent with the optimality, namely with their response norms, which determine the individual phenotype. In the process of the organism adaptation to the conditions of the external environment, the central nervous system (it’s a known fact) and the significant body system (the system with the maximum response norm), determining, respectively, the specific and nonspecific responses of the organism will be released by their activity. In the interaction of body systems, it is important to take the ordering into consideration. Dominant systems can actively involve other systems of the body to the process of adaptation according to the principle of the interaction with them, by strengthening or decreasing their activity. Taking into account the direction of interaction (inhibition, toning), this fact becomes important for understanding the pathogenesis of diseases, their targeted prevention, and treatment. A comprehensive record of the mechanisms of the formation of a specific and nonspecific reaction is used in the interest of identifying and effectively preventing functional disorders in the body. The SWOT analysis technology of personalized forecasting, preservation, development and health management eliminates the main drawbacks of SWOT analysis. On the other hand, the SWOT analysis technology helps to expand the range of application of phenomics, depending on the opportunities and threats of the environment.
STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL IN VIVO EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES AND COMPLEX OF VITAMINS A AND E ON THE LIVER IN RATS
Authors: Belyaeva Natalia N. , Vostrikova M. V. , Alekseeva A. V. , Demina N. N. , Sycheva L. P.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. A review of the literature on nanotechnology shows the advanced development of hygienic research in the field of nanotoxicology to be of fundamental importance, as it allows creating a basis for the introduction of safe production at the design stage of technological processes. The effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the body are evaluated for the use in many different technical applications, including the alleged possibility of their use as a sorbing material in the water treatment process. Material and Methods. Two-weeks intragastric effect of single-walled carbon nanotubes (oUNT) at doses of 0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg and a complex of vitamins A and E (AE) at a dose of 25.3 mg/kg (vitamin E - 25.2 mg/kg and vitamin A - 0.1 mg/kg) on the liver of male Wistar rats, as well as in the same batch of animals three months after a two-week experiment and a single exposure to oUNT at a dose of 5mg/kg were studied in fifteen groups of animals. oUNT was dissolved in sunflower oil at the rate of 0.5 ml of oil per 100 g of body weight. Results. Two-weeks study of oUNT at doses of 0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg and three months after a single exposure at a dose of 5mg/kg revealed no damage to the nucleus of hepatocytes, but three months after a two-week experiment, when exposed to both doses of oUNT, showed a significant increase in this index, as well as indices of fatty degeneration, only in relation to groups of the two-week exposure. Thus, with two-weeks exposure of oUNT, three months after it, as well as three months after a single exposure at a dose of 5 mg/kg the fatty degeneration develops. The effect of the complex of vitamins AE in the two-weeks experiment and three months after it significantly worsens all the studied parameters in the rat liver, and with its complex effect with oUNT indices remain at the same changed level. Discussion. Probably UNT, getting into the digestive tract, cause pathological changes both in the place of direct contact - in the small intestine and in the remote body - the liver, which is consistent with both our data and previous studies. Conclusion. oUNT in different studied periods of exposure causes the development of fatty degeneration in the liver, and the use of vitamins A and E does not reduce the response of the liver damage.
INGESTED SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES AFFECT ON IMMUNOLOGICAL, HEMATOLOGICAL AND MICROOECOLOGICAL INDICES OF WISTAR RATS
Authors: Shipelin V. A. , Riger N. A. , Trushina E. N. , Mustafina O. K. , Markova Yu. M. , Polyanina A. S. , Masyutin A. G. , Chernov A. I. , Gmoshinsky Ivan V. , Khotimchenko S. A.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can create risks to human health when they enter the body by oral route when used in packaging materials, as promising agrochemicals and pesticides. The aim of the study. Evaluation of the subacute oral toxicity of SWCNT in rats. Material and methods. In the 92-days of the experiment, the SWCNTs were administered to rats along with drinking water at doses of 0 (control); 0.01; 0.1; 1.0 and 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) in the groups 1-5, respectively. Hematological indices of blood, apoptosis of hepatocytes, levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in blood plasma and their production by cells of the spleen ex vivo, the content of the main and transient components of the intestinal microbiocenosis in the cecum were studied. There were determined hematological blood counts, hepatocyte apoptosis, levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in blood plasma and their production by spleen cells ex vivo, content in the cecum of the main and transient components of the intestinal microbiocenosis. Results. At the SWCNT dose of 0.01 mg/kg BW there was a decrease in the number of neutrophils and basophils, an increase in the number of lymphocytes, and a decrease in the number and volume of platelets. At a dose of 0.1 mg/kg bw there was noted a decrease in the number of cells in the early stage of apoptosis and the total number of cells in apoptosis, as well as a significant decrease in the levels of cytokines IL-10, IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, chemokine MIP-3a, TGF-β isoform 1; at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg IL-12p70, and TGF-β isoforms 1 and 3. TGF- β2 level was significantly elevated in group 5. The suppressive effect was noted for SWCNTs on the mold flora in intestinal contents at all doses of nanomaterial used, whereas the number of yeasts increased at 1 mg/kg BW. The immunization of rats with ovalbumin had a clear modulating effect on the immunotropic effects of SWCNTs administered at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg BW in a 28-days experiment. Discussion. The mechanisms of the observed changes development are likely to be associated with both systemic anti-inflammatory effects and with a decrease in the effect of SWCNT on the permeability of the intestinal barrier to protein antigens and microbial toxins. Conclusion. SWCNTs exhibit a number of effects in relation to the studied indices that do not demonstrate a monotonic dependence on the dose of nanomaterial, which, apparently, is related to the processes of aggregation of the SWCNT.
BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF DAMAGE IN RATS EXPOSED BY ORAL GAVAGE TO SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES IN COMBINATION WITH ANTIOXIDANT PREPARATION “AEVIT”
Authors: Khripach Ludmila V. , Mikhaylova R. I. , Zhurkov V. S. , Knyazeva T. D. , Alekseeva A. V. , Savostikova O. N. , Koganova Z. I. , Vodyakova M. A. , Salikhova D. I. , Malyugina A. V.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The toxicity of carbon nanotubes (CNT), which are chemically inert particles, is thought to be connected with responses of aseptic inflammation and oxidative stress. This study was conducted to determine how far antioxidants may reduce CNT toxicity in laboratory animals. Material and methods. Male Wistar rats were administered by oral gavage with 0.05 or 0.5 mg/kg/day of Tuball© single-walled CNT in vegetable oil for 2 weeks, without a modifier or in combination with Aevit© (mixture of retinol and α-tocopherol given in doses 25,000 IU/kg/day and 25 mg/kg/day correspondingly). Control animals received oil or Aevit without CNT. 10 markers of oxidative stress and 12 clinical chemistry markers were determined in the rat blood samples. Results. Aevit didn’t influence the above biochemical markers, but combination “Aevit + CNT” increased the prooxidant action of CNT and arose biochemical signs of malabsorption, presumably as a result of retinol inhibitory action onto repair of intestinal epithelial cells, damaged by CNT. Discussion. The lack of tocopherol protective action, which usually removes prooxidant effects of high retinol concentrations, can be explained by superposition of two mechanisms: 1) two components of Aevit, in the presence of CNT, may be separated in space, since only retinol has isoprenoid side chain needed for the formation of donor-acceptor complexes with CNT surface; 2) the effects of retinol on cell reproduction, differentiation and wound healing is not related to its anti - or pro-oxidant properties but takes place at the level of target genes transcription after binding of retinoic acid with nuclear receptors RARs and RXRs. The data obtained allowed supposing the mechanism of lung cancer increases in ATBC and CARET trials was not prooxidant action of retinol and its precursor β-carotene, but regulatory inhibition of lung epitheliocytes reparation during its continued damage by cigarette smoke and asbestos fibers by retinoic acid. Conclusion. Aevit (and, probably, other retinoid-containing preparations) can’t be recommended to ensure the safety of humans and animals during oral CNT intake. The results obtained explanation needs both functional activities of retinol, which is simultaneously antioxidant and one of the nuclear regulators; this, in turn, leads to the new assumption about the mechanisms of unsuccessful outcomes in ATBC and CARET trials.
PECULIARITIES OF MONITORING FOR INFRASOUND POLLUTION OF RESIDENTIAL AREAS LOCATED IN PROXIMITY TO HIGHWAYS
Authors: Kuznetsova Elena B. , Bulavina I. D.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. Procedural provision of studies on monitoring for infrasound pollution of residential areas located in proximity to highways is the issue of the consideration in this article. The fact of the absence of a standardized procedure for carrying out large-scale studies of the infrasound range of the sound pressure in residential areas is reported. A brief review of regulatory documents currently used by experts of accredited laboratories, hygiene and epidemiology centers to solve sanitary problems of infrasound range acoustics, is given. Material and Methods. As a rule, experts use techniques for a hearing range of noise measurements and procedures specified by device service instructions which result in significant inconsistencies of research findings. Determination of parameters affecting the accuracy of research findings carried out with the help of routine devices available in hygiene and epidemiology centers was the objective of infrasound measurements presented here. Results. Effect of wind flows, study duration and monitoring location point were found to be the major parameters affecting the accuracy of research findings. Data on wind load on Saint-Petersburg territory is reported. Territories in the immediate proximity to the “West Speed Diameter” (WSD) highway, Ring motorway and Sinopskaya embankment being potential infrasound sources, were chosen for experimental studies. Such choice was caused by the heavy freight and passenger car traffic characterized by relatively permanent intensity. Discussion. Measurement series at various wind loads and of different durations were done. Measurement points were chosen in free field and in the vicinity of echoing areas. Measurement data were assessed taking into account expanded uncertainty, at 95% confidence level. It was found that reliable measurement results in infrasound frequency range can be obtained on the territory at wind velocity not exceeding 1 m/sec, during measurements in the free sound field with duration over 20 minutes. Given wind load conditions can be realized in St.-Petersburg for several days a month.
ON MAJOR PROBLEMS ARISING IN THE PROCESS OF CARRYING OUT SANITARY-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EXPERT EXAMINATION OF LABORATORY TEST FINDINGS OF SOILS IN RESIDENTIAL AREA
Authors: Sladkova Yuliya N. , Kriyt V. E. , Badaeva E. A.
Published: March 2019

Nowadays natural type soils are actually absent in urban and rural populated areas, and existing so-called “urban soils” are characterized by different degrees of technogenic and anthropogenic contamination which appears to be impossible to avoid. Such soils represent compound natural-and-anthropogenic objects which are a source of the secondary pollution of subsoil and surface waters, atmospheric air, and directly affect human beings. It results in the necessity of keeping soil quality at a proper level satisfying the requirements of № 52-FZ: Federal Law of 30.03.1999, entitled “On Sanitary and Epidemiological Wellbeing of Population”, item 21. Compliance/non-compliance with maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) or with tentative allowable concentrations (TAC), set by sanitary-epidemiological requirements to soil quality and by health standards, is the main criterion of soil contamination. The currently available regulatory-procedural basis is insufficient for effective monitoring of soil quality in residential areas, it has not recently been updated and expanded. There are no health standards for a number of chemical and biological indices of the soil quality, having hygienic significance for the human well-being. The requirements are dispersed in numerous regulatory-procedural documents (RPD) and are often inconsistent. The absence of clearly stated regulatory requirements, work-permit regulation, rules of setting and periodicity of updating regional background levels of soil contaminant concentrations, unified procedural approach to carrying out some types of tests cause certain difficulties in defining the scope of studies and conditions of their implementation, as well as in the assessment of findings. Major problems arising in the process of carrying out sanitary-epidemiological expert examinations of laboratory test findings of residential area soils are discussed in the article.
PROBLEMS OF DESIGNING AND SANITARY-EPIDEMIOLOGIC EXPERTIZE OF PROJECTS OF SANITARY PROTECTION ZONES OF UNDERGROUND WATER SUPPLY SOURCES
Authors: Gorbanev S. A. , Nikulenkov A. M. , Yeremin Gennady B. , Bashketova N. S. , Badaeva E. A. , Lomtev A. Yu.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. One of the main tasks in the area of public health in Russia is the adequate quality of drinking water supply, i.e. its sound chemical composition and epidemiological safety. The latter is provided among others, by proper wellhead protection activities which aim to ensure sanitary protection of water intakes, water supply and distribution facilities and sites of their location from anthropogenic influence. The aim of the study. The analysis of most common errors revealed during the expertize of wellhead protection (WHP) plans for groundwater intakes. Material and Methods. laws and regulations related to wellhead protection plan development, particular WHP plans, related technical papers. The study is methodologically based on common scientific approaches to investigate social interactions in the field of drinking and domestic water supply such as analytical, comparative, structured system analysis. Results. It is shown that a great deal of uncertainty exists in practical assessment of parameters necessary to estimate wellhead protection area that makes wellhead protection area delineation rather approximate. To enhance the reliability of estimates it is necessary to account for a minimal set of estimation indices and increase the requirements to the quality and scope of project documentation. Conclusion. Authors set forth a complex of additional investigations to refine parameter estimates for wellhead protection plan development, and several new requirements for the project design regarding both the textual part and graphics. Some recommendations to amend current regulations related to wellhead protection are also suggested.
MODERN PROBLEMS OF THE APPLICATION OF SANITARY RULES AND NORMS ON THE ORGANIZATION OF SANITARY PROTECTION ZONES OF WATER SUPPLY SOURCES AND WATER PIPES FOR DRINKING PURPOSES
Authors: Yeremin Gennady B. , Badaeva E. A. , Noskov S. N. , Bashketova N. S. , Friedman K. B. , Karelin A. O. , Mozzhukhina N. A.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. Fundamental changes in the political and social infrastructure of the Russian Federation, the active development of the market economy, the assertion of legal statehood turned out The Russian legislation to have entered a qualitatively new state, a notable feature of which was the interdepartmental and intrastructural inconsistency. The sanitary rules on the sanitary protection zones of water supply sources have not passed this fate as a result of the problems of application of the norms of the document into the practice. The purpose of the study: to study of legal acts of the Russian Federation, establishing requirements for the areas of sanitary protection of sources of drinking and domestic water supply, identification of contradictions and development of proposals for amendments and additions to the existing sanitary rules on the areas of sanitary protection of water sources and drinking water supply. Material and methods. The article considers Federal laws and Government resolutions, sanitary rules, and norms, projects of sanitary protection zones of drinking and household water supply sources, literature sources as materials. The methodological basis of the research was the complex of General scientific methods for the study of public relations arising in the field of ensuring the hygienic safety of sources of drinking and economic-household water supply: analysis, systemic-structural, comparative. Results. The paper presents proposals to bring up to date the terms, names, and powers of the parties to the relationship, as well as clarifying the requirements for the composition of the project, its text, and cartographic part. Conclusion. Submitted proposals will create a consistent structure of the constituent elements of the regulated relations, to ensure the symmetry of the standards document with standards that determine the safety of drinking and economic - household water supply of the population in other normative acts. In addition, the proposed changes will form a system of rights and obligations, resulting in the liability for the violation of sanitary norms in the establishment of the boundaries of sanitary protection zones.
TWO LAYER HIGHWAY BRIDGE CONSTRUCTIONS AS SPECIFIC SOURCES OF EXPOSURE TO RESIDENTIAL AREA NOISE ON THE EXAMPLE OF KANONERSKY ISLAND IN SAINT-PETERSBURG
Authors: Kriyt Vladimir E. , Sladkova Yu. N. , Smirnov V. V.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. In the modern world, the development of scientific, technical and technological potential is the most important attribute of the sustainable social and economic situation of the state and society. In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation V. Putin “On National Purposes and Strategic Development Challenges of the Russian Federation for the Period to 2024”, a project is being implemented to create safe and high-quality roads. In the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation No. 10 of 23.03.2005 “On Measures to Strengthen Transport Supervision and Reduce Its Influence on Public Health”, it is stated motor vehicles to create acoustic discomfort in eighty percent of the territories of large cities. The proportion of the population living on the territory with an excess of hygienic standards by 5-30 dB is up to 60% (about 34 million people). Material and methods. To study the current state of the acoustic situation on the ground, noise measurements were made in accordance with the current methodological guidelines for monitoring noise in the residential area, in residential and public buildings and premises. Results. The article presents the results of laboratory-instrumental noise measurements in the area of residential development in the zone of influence of the highway, where a unique bridge construction with the organization of movement in two levels was created. Discussion. The results of laboratory-instrumental measurements of sound levels confirm the need for the detailed development of noise protection measures and can be associated with errors in the design of this road and the effects of multiple reflections (when the source of noise is not a particular car, but the highway itself). At the same time, noise shields installed on both the highway and the terrain in this version show their low efficiency. Conclusions. When designing multi-level bridge structures and calculating the planned level of noise impact, it is necessary to take into account the effects of multiple reflections.
MAIN ASPECTS OF MINIMIZATION OF POPULATION HEALTH RISKS CAUSED BY PHARMACEUTICAL POLLUTION OF SURFACE SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLY
Authors: Novikova Yuliya A. , Markova O. L. , Fridman K. B.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The list of ecological problems has recently enlarged by another one: environment pollution, and first of all, of surface water basins, by so-called «emerging contaminants». Based on the findings of research centers in RF, European countries and in the USA an independent class of human-environment pollutants of anthropogenic origin named «Pharmpollutants», was identified. Discussion. It can be related to the growing scale of world pharmaceutical production output (average annual growth about 4.6 %), to the development of up-to-date technologies in animal and poultry breeding, as well as to increased use of pharmaceuticals among the population. Systematization and analysis of data on the effect of unsanctioned and uncontrolled medical product disposal on quality of surface sources of drinking water supply, development of recommendations for health risk minimization among population exposed to potential intake of pharmaceutical traces contained in surface water basins and drinking water, based on available findings, and defining priority areas for the development of statutory-regulatory and procedural documents, - were the objectives of our study. Development of the recommendations can improve regulatory and procedural base and will contribute to the development of specific measures to prevent the transfer of medicinal products into the environment. Conclusion. National and foreign research findings on the topic of interest are reviewed, and potential routes of pharmaceuticals transfer into environmental objects are described. The scope of problems is outlined, ways of coping with problems of water reservoir pollution by pharmpollutants and health risk minimization for population exposed to pharmaceuticals present in drinking water, are suggested; recommendations for minimization of population health risks caused by environmental pharmaceuticals have been prepared.
ACTUAL HYGIENIC AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF HELICOBACTERIOSIS
Authors: Rusakov Nikolay V. , Bobrovnickiy I. P. , German S. V. , Rusakova E. V.
Published: March 2019

This work is devoted to the problems of hygiene and epidemiology of the Helicobacter pylori infection. In recent years among the causative agents of infectious diseases, Helicobacter pylori (lat. Helicobacter pylori, HP.) takes a special place. Analysis of domestic and foreign literature had shown that at this time there is a high prevalence of Helicobacter infection (HI). It has been diagnosed in almost half of the world’s population. Published data of the Russian researchers point out its high occurrence among the population of Russia (56-88%). Analysis of the annual report of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing of the Russian Federation for 2017 showed an effective system of epidemiological and social and hygienic control of HI to have not been developed yet. Considering multiple mechanisms, ways and factors of transmission of the causative agent of HI, directions of scientific researches on the prevention of its distribution are planned. The solution of the hygienic and epidemiological problems of preventing helicobacteriosis can be carried out only by the consolidated participation of specialists of all directions of hygiene and laboratory science, as well as epidemiologists, microbiologists, and public health specialists. Clinical observations and laboratory results suggest a significant role of HP in human pathology: it is an etiological factor of more than half of all gastritis; it is found in more than 95% of patients suffering from duodenal ulcer, in 70-80% of persons with gastric ulcer, and in 60-70% of cases with gastric cancer. Accumulated over last 3 decades data indicates that up to 60-90% of all cases of stomach cancer may be associated with this infection. Against the background of such high numbers of the detection of this pathogen, questions arise why measures of hygienic prevention of Helicobacter pylori have not yet been developed, and scientific institutions of the epidemiological and hygienic profile are not sufficiently puzzled by their development.
MONITORING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SITUATION OF RADIO FREQUENCY RANGE OF THE MOBILE COMMUNICATION AND PREVALENCE INDICES OF DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IN THE ADULT POPULATION
Authors: Yaschenko Svetlana G. , Rybalko S. Yu. , Shibanov S. E. , Grigoriev O. A.
Published: March 2019

At present, the pathology of the cardiovascular system is leading in the structure of the morbidity and mortality rate of the population. According to experts, the number of deaths from diseases of the circulatory system (DCS) will grow. A traditional preventive measure for DCS is the promotion of a healthy lifestyle. However, the influence of the electromagnetic field (EMF) and consideration of EMF as one of the factors of the formation of this type of pathology, has not been studied enough. The article considers the results of electromagnetic monitoring in the frequency range of mobile communication. Emission from mobile phones (MP) was determined in the places of their active exploitation by subscribers (microdistricts of cities, urban and rural settlements). The number of measurement points depended on the area of the study space and varied from 3 to 60. At each measuring point, the level of the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) was determined successively from two identical MPs (Samsung G3) in the voice mode with the remote subscriber. The resulting average values of the EMR energy flux density (EFD) depended on the distance to the base stations, their load and did not exceed the existing hygienic standards. However, during the Pearson correlation analysis between the obtained results and the DCS incidence rates, positive reliable correlation dependencies between the average values of EFD and the overall incidence of DCS as a whole (R=0.471, р=0.027) were revealed. Among the components of the DCS, coronary heart disease (R=0.503, р=0.017) is the leader in the correlation. The obtained data testify to the need for further studies of the problem of the influence of EMF on the formation of the cardiovascular system pathology in the population with the aim of justifying priority preventive measures.
MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN THE USE OF EQUIPMENT GENERATING ELECTROMAGNETIC BROADBAND SURGE PULSES
Authors: Kalyada Taisiya V. , Afanasev A. S. , Kuznetsov A. B.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. In recent decades, there have been created powerful pulsed sources of electromagnetic radiation capable of generating and transmitting high peak signals with effective antennas. Wide-band and ultra-wide-band (NB, UWB) generator complexes in the frequency range from 0.5 Hz to 100 Hz, concentrating the energy in ultrashort pulses in duration, have become widespread. Most studies of the biological effects of these radiations are associated with their special purpose (directional action). Today, high-voltage pulsed radiation is widely used in such areas as radiolocation and navigation, radio communication, in semiconductor and composite technology, chemical compounds, medicine, and others. Biomedical aspects of ultra-wideband radiation pulses have not been studied enough. The issues of the safety and regulation for occupational exposure are considered. The studies of broadband electromagnetic pulses effect on outbred white mice during generator equipment testing were carried out in experimental conditions. Material and methods. Behavioral responses in the “open field” test, memory in a “T-shaped maze”, working capacity in “forced swimming” test were studied, as well the temperature response, electrostatic body potential and body mass were measured. The studies were implemented in an anechoic chamber. The antenna system of the high-voltage pulse generator enabled us to generate a uniform field having a volume sufficient for the group exposure. Pulse simulator was remote-controlled. The study covered three groups of animals exposed daily for 15, 30 and 60 minutes during five days and a control group. Animals were studied during and after expose periods. Results. Statistically significant changes were revealed in 30 and 60 minutes daily exposure to 100 kV / m voltage pulses, which evidences disturbances in behavioral responses, motor activity, memory, and work capacity. A decline in the electrostatic body potential was shown. Thermogenic effect was not seen. The pilot study findings prove the biological activity of broadband electromagnetic pulses in short-term experiment.