bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Post Office Scandal: Implications for Management, Leadership, and Governance
Authors: Christopher J Moon
Published: November 2024

Many have become more aware of the Post Office (PO) scandal because of the screening of the docudrama Mr Bates vs The Post Office in 2024 (ITV, 2024) and coverage of the recent Public Inquiry (Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry, 2024). However, there are also now several publications concerning the case which highlight key failures in governance, leadership and management that can be addressed. This working paper reviews the case from documented sources and applies critical insight to understand the case from the perspective of both business ethics and organisational behaviour. The author is a former Manager of Ethics and Responsible Business Practices for a global professional services firm, and the co-author of the Economist book, Business Ethics (Moon and Bonny, 2001). The paper highlights the need to build ethical and responsible decision-making cultures from the top down. However, setting the ‘tone at the top’ is no longer a useful paradigm. Too often senior leaders’ distance themselves from the actual running of the enterprise to be fully aware of potential risks that need to be managed. In the case of the PO, key learning points are highlighted in this regard with reference to the work of the investigative journalist Nick Wallis (2021, 2022) and other key authors.
Optimizing User Interface of MBKM Information System & Academic Services using Design Thinking Method (Case Study: Tadulako University)
Authors: Reinaldy Mansa Jeremy , Anggun Pratama Septiano , Wirdayanti Wirdayanti , Angreni Dwi Shinta
Published: November 2024

This study addresses the usability challenges faced by Tadulako University's MBKM & Academic Services Information System (SITAMPAN), developed in response to the Ministry of Education’s Merdeka Belajar - Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) initiative. By applying a structured Design Thinking approach, this research seeks to present a novel solution for enhancing user experience and system usability in educational information systems. Through the System Usability Scale (SUS) and User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) evaluations, initial findings indicated a low usability score (SUS: 41.75, grade "F"), categorizing the system as a "Detractor" in the Net Promoter Score (NPS) framework. Following the implementation of user centered design improvements, the SUS score increased substantially to 86.25 ("A" grade), with NPS shifting to a "Promoter" classification, while UEQ scores showed marked improvement across all metrics. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of Design Thinking in systematically addressing and optimizing the user experience, providing valuable insights for future information system developments in educational contexts.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE TIME PERSPECTIVE OF MODERN YOUTH
Authors: I.F. Mukhanova
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of the analysis of various domestic and foreign theories of time perspective. General psychological ideas about time perspective are revealed. The results of the empirical study reveal the main psychological characteristics of time perspective among student youth.
Religie si nationalism. Ideologia Bisericii Ortodoxe Romane sub regimul comunist
Authors: Enache George
Published: November 2024

„I’ll join with black despair against my soul/And to myself became an enemy”. Mi-au părut foarte potrivite versurile lui Shakespeare, folosite de altfel si de Cioran ca motto pentru cartea sa Précis de décomposition, pentru a prefata consideratiile pe care doresc să le fac asupra cărtii lui Olivier Gillet, Religie si nationalism. Ideologia Bisericii Ortodoxe Române sub regimul comunist. Să-mi explic optiunea. După 1990, pe bună dreptate, perioada comunistă a fost considerată o epocă de minciună, care a deformat spiritul uman. Idei false au fost lansate din abundentă care, prin propagandă obsesivă, prin sistemul de educatie, au pătruns, vrând-nevrând, în constiintele oamenilor, falsificându-le. După disparitia factorului de putere perturbator a apărut un curent, firesc de altfel, de purificare spirituală, de revenire la matca culturii europene. În anumite cercuri culturale acest demers a fost văzut întrun mod similar gândirii soteriologice de tip gnostic, în sensul că răul este atât de bine înrădăcinat în mintile oamenilor, că numai o coborâre mântuitoare a zeului, cu un impact deosebit, ar mai putea salva pe români.
About the Inscription CIL III from Scupi
Authors: Ardevan Radu
Published: November 2024

The inscription analysed below was accidentally discovered at the beginning of the 20th century in the area of the ancient city Scupi (Colonia Flavia Scupinorum) from Moesia Superior – Skopje in today Macedonia. The piece was extremely deteriorated and was walled in a medieval stone tower. It was seen and copied only by Alfred by Domeszewski, who published it in CIL, but it disappeared afterwards. The new corpus of inscriptions from Moesia Superior republished this version, without any modification or additional information. In the following lines, the author intends to provide an explanation for a better understanding of the inscription, as well as a partial restitution of it. The conclusion of this paper is that the inscription is about a romanised family. The father was a prosperous businessman, a coactor argentarius, who probably lived in the period of the Severs dynasty.
The Arabs and the Islam until the 13th Century. II. The Islamic Expansion
Authors: Ciocîltan Virgil
Published: November 2024

Soon after the death of Prophet Muhammad, the Muslim State witnessed profound transformations both at the level of the internal structure and in its external status. This evolution can be subdivided into three stages. The first phase, during the reigns of the first four caliphs (632 – 661), was dedicated to the consolidation of the internal basis of the state and to expansion outside the Arabian Peninsula. In a rapid succession, Mesopotamia, Central and Western Iran, Syria and Egypt were conquered. In the second phase of the caliphate’s history (661 – 750), the state was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty, whose power resulted from an efficient master-client system, primarily based on the weave of gentilic relations found in the Arabic tribes and clans, although the administration was dominated by Byzantine and Persian functionaries. The expansion continued towards three main directions – Asia Minor and Constantinople, Northern Africa and the Iberian Peninsula – large parts of these territories being incorporated into the caliphate. In the next chronological subdivision, in which the Abbasids governed (750 – 1250), another profound change took place: the almost completely Arabic empire from the Umayyad period lost its national unity, its political agents being mostly Muslims of diverse ethnic origins. The fall of the caliphate was consecrated after the conquer of Baghdad by the Mongol troops in 1258.
The Concept of “Fortuna” in Machiavelli’s “The Prince”
Authors: Ghita Marian
Published: November 2024

The concept of “Fortuna” has attracted many historians dealing with political ideas. A major role in this respect belongs to the way in which Machiavelli analysed it and, as much, to the place occupied by this concept in The Prince, the famous work which consacrated the “Great Florentine” as one of the founders of the modern political sciences. This paper presents the manner in which Machiavelli defined this concept, both as a result of the contemporary vision on it and of the political and national objectives of his capital work.
The Situation of the Refugees in Covurlui County between 1939 and 1940
Authors: Tulus Arthur
Published: November 2024

The issue of the refugees was brought about both by the dissappearance of Poland in 1939 and by Romania’s territorial losses in the tragic year 1940. The whole country had to deal with it. Covurlui County and implicitly the city of Galati offered shelter to the Polish civilian refugees for many reasons. Galati became a turning point for the changing of population between USSR and Romania when Basarabia and the northern part of Bucovina were given away to the Russians. Many German ethnics who were repatriated from these territories and also from other Romanian territories were temporarily camped in Galati. Giving away the Cadrilater and the north-western part of Transylvania affected the county due to the changing of population.
The Secret Report of Nikita Khruschev and Its Effects in Romania
Authors: Neagoe Elisabeta
Published: November 2024

In the present study, our goal is to analyze the Romanian echoes of the secret speech delivered by Nikita Khrushchev at the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (February, 1956). The speech denounced the personality cult of Stalin, and at the same time proved Khrushchev's will to reorganize on new bases the structures of power. One of its aims was also to get rid of Stalin's henchmen in the satellite countries. In these very countries, the personality cult was denounced, and some of the leaders were substituted by new officials who appraised the reform. In Romania, Gheorghe Gheorghiu Dej delivered a speech concerning the talks in Moscow with the occasion of the Session of the Central Committee of the Romanian Party of the Workers (March, 23-28, 1956). He accused Ana Pauker, Vasile Luca and Teohani Georgescu of Having introduced the personality cult in Romania.
From Berlin to London. The Diplomatic Journey of Gr. Gafencu in April 1939
Authors: Sirbu Ionel
Published: November 2024

In the spring of 1939, Grigore Gafencu, the Foreign Minister of Romania, made a report journey in Western Europe. The Romanian government was much interested in the attitudes of the main European Powers, pre-eminently in that of Great Britain, France and Germany. As a result of this diplomatic journey, Gafencu strongly believed that Germany had replaced its expansionist policy with an agressive one. At the same time, he informed the authorities from Bucharest that Romania could not hope for any substantial aid from France and Great Britain and that the intentions of Germany aimed mainly at Romania. The situation was even more serious, as the evolution of events in Europe gave new hopes to the Irredentist movement in Romania.
The Little-known Autobiography of Sir John Stokes, the First British Representative in the European Commission of the Danube (1856 – 1871). Part II
Authors: Ardeleanu Constantin
Published: November 2024

The internationalisation of the Danube and the establishment of a new regime of navigation on the fluvial and maritime sector of the river, through the provisions of the 1856 Treaty of Paris, created favourable premises for the improvement of navigation at the Lower Danube, under the supervision of the European Commission of the Danube, the institutional body responsible with carrying out the technical works at the Danube mouths and on the fluvial sector up to the point of Isaktcha1. The first estimations, based on an enormous amount of date on depths, winds and flows collected on all the three branches of the river, proved the complexity of the engineering works needed and the impossibility of the E.C.D. to finish them in the period of the mandate given in 1856. The commercial importance of the Danubian ports of Galatz and Ibraila for the British and French economic circles and the tendencies of the Austrian Empire to impose its supremacy over the entire course of the river generated a concerted action of the Western Powers, with the notable result, during a Conference in 1858, of extending the mandate of the Commission “to the complete achievement of the said works”.
The Image of the Stranger in the Writings of Plato, Saadi, Ibn Bajja, Suhrawardi
Authors: Lupașcu Silviu
Published: November 2024

This essay epitomizes the history of an idea: the stranger. The almost inexhaustible meanings of the word allowed the author to trace a fascinating trajectory of this notion within the history of culture and the history of ideas. The archaic significance defines the stranger in the political and legal context of the Greek polis, a status which is described by Plato in The Laws. The system of thought of the Hellenistic Gnosticism incorporates the image of the stranger as a symbol revealing the traumas and beatitudes of the human soul on the way towards redemption. In this respect, The Hymn of the Pearl stands as a masterpiece of the Gnostic literature. Furthermore, the symbol of the stranger was borrowed into the spiritual realm of philosophical and mystical Islam, in the Middle Ages. Towering figures of Sufi wisdom, such as Ibn Bajja, Saadi and Suhrawardi, used the image of the stranger in order to create priceless literary and religious brilliance.
Preliminary Information about the Roman Necropolis in Dunarea District, Galati
Authors: Brudiu Mihalache
Published: November 2024

In Dunărea district, Galai, archeological salvage operations led to the discovery of the greatest Roman necropolis of Southern Moldavia. The necropolis dates back to A.D. 150-250. At the foot of the hillside there is the group of the cremation tombs (busta type) which were destroyed by constructors employed by the Town Hall of Galati, while excavating in 2003.Tomb no. 5 belongs to this cathegory. Halfway the hill there are tombs of mixed rite: cremation an inhumation. The inhumation tomb no. 49 belonged to a Christian who had a strigilis decored with two fish.It dates back to the 1st half of the 3rd century A.D. High above the hill there is an area containing only inhumation tombs of Christian influence dating back to the half of the 3rd century A.D.
The Adulterous Bishops and the Luxuriant Kings. The adulterous, the king and the traitor in Decem libros historiarum
Authors: De Firmas Catherine
Published: November 2024

Le dimanche 11 juillet 585, le roi Gontran organisa, après l’office, un grand banquet, auxquels furent conviés, bien que le roi ne les aimât guère, l’évêque Bertrand de Bordeaux et son suffragant, l’évêque de Saintes, Palladius. C’est au cours du repas que les deux évêques s’envoyèrent à la tête un certain nombre d’insultes, parmi lesquelles beaucoup d’adultères et de fornications et quelques parjures. Le public apprécia le spectacle — la majeure partie des invités riait — et pourtant, rappelle Grégoire de Tours témoin de la scène, ces zizanies diaboliques, quand elles intéressent des évêques du Seigneur, ne sont pas drôles du tout.
Supporting the Slave: usage and social Stakes in a Caribbean Colonial Society (Martinique: 17th Century - beginning of the 19th century)
Authors: Cousseau Vincent
Published: November 2024

The colonial project of the French monarchy in the West Indies from the beginning understood an evangelizing will towards the indigenous populations. However, despite attempts to do so, the failure many missionaries is patent, as summarized with bitterness Caesar de Rochefort, attributing it to the fact that "the Indians of America are changing like Cameleons ". While they are gradually evacuated from the colonized islands, the missionary effort is devoted primarily to the servile population from Africa, to whom Catholicism is imposed.The conversion of slaves is more successful and allows to establish in Martinique a religious unity, barely tainted by the temporary presence of some Jewish and Protestant families. The "Negroes new arrivals from Africa and their children are all destined to receive the baptism and, on this occasion, a godfather and a godmother. Failing the same existence, the slaves and the free have the same God, the same church and the same priest. The perception of the rite of sponsorship and the uses therein associates is not necessarily identical to that of the settlers.
Some information regarding the Navigation and the Commerce of the Italian states through the Danube Mouths (1829-1856)
Authors: Ardeleanu Constantin
Published: November 2024

The Treaty of Adrianople (1829) had extremely positive effects for the economical evolution of the Romanian Principalities. Thus, the abolition of the Ottoman monopoly on the foreign commerce of Moldavia and Wallachia and the institution of the freedom of navigation on the Danube attracted to the ports of Galati and Brăila many commercial houses and ship-owners from Western countries. The representatives of the most important Italian pre-unitary states – Sardinia and Sicily – were also among the most important merchants involved in these exchanges. This paper presents the landmarks in the evolution of the Romanian-Italian economic relations via the Danube in the period 1829-1856 and offers certain quantitative details so as to illustrate the growing trend of these exchanges.
The Royal Family and the European Commission of the Danube at the End of the 19th Century and the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Stan Constantin I.
Published: November 2024

The article presents the official inauguration of the new shipping canal on the Sulina branch, event which took place in a festive atmosphere on May 17th – 18th 1894. King Charles I himself was present at the inauhuration.
Church, Society, Nation, State in the Internar Romanian Thinking
Authors: Enache George
Published: November 2024

“Any great philosophy ends up in platitude”. This was the warning issued by Constantin Noica to his disciples, gathered in the famous school of Păltinis. Moreover, we may add, this platitude becomes defining and it is, more often than not, the only thing people remember from the work of a thinker. As far as historic research and other fields of the humanities are concerned, the result is the same. One of the most convincing examples is the way in which the Orthodox Church is regarded and understood in the West. It has long been considered an exotic product or, at its best, an expression of the Russian anti-West spirit. The Byzantine roots of Orthodoxy added to these perceptions. The Byzantine world had long been regarded from the pathetic perspective of the Turkish – Phanariot Balkanism. As a consequence, the scarce works of the western historians on the issues of the Eastern Church hesitated between condescension and a deconstructive approach. The numerous Russian intellectuals exiled in the West due to the Civil War and to the atheist communist regime contributed to a great, but not sufficient, extent to changing these views.
The Post-Communist Romanian Society and the Securitate’s Spectre
Authors: Banu Florian
Published: November 2024

Searching the past, from the political point of view, reveals certain characteristics which make Romania’s voice distinct among the other former members of the socialist camp. One of these is the most brutal way of cutting off with the previous regime. Romania is the only ex-communist country which removed the communist leadership by street fights causing numerous victims, and, also, the only country where the army units and various obscure forces (allegedly belonging to the secret services) opened fire against the people. The extremely intense debates beginning with the very first months of the year 1990, upon the presence and the role played by the Security in the mechanism of maintaining the communism in Romania were justified by the way in which the turning point from December 1989 took place and also by the suspicions related to the Security’s acts in the anti-communist movements repression.
The Evolution Trend of the Balta Region Moldavian Population in 19th-1920’s
Authors: Kushnir Viaceslav
Published: November 2024

Moldavians, or Volokhi, as they were named here at the end of 18th c. - beginning of the 19th c. is one of the most numerous ethnic groups in South- East Podil’ia. On the northern territory of the present-day Odessa and Transdniestria regions within the limits of the present-day Kam’ansk and Rybniza districts of Moldova, which were a part of the Balta povit (district), Moldavians lived both in separate monoethnic and in mixed Ukraino-Moldavian or Moldavo-Ukrainian settlements. In the early 18th c. they settled down with impetuosity on this territory together with Ukrainians. The khutors founders’ names and microtoponyms of Moldavian origin are considerable evidence of their common activities3. The Moldavian Diaspora became an important factor of economic development of this territory.
The Principle of Ruining the Understanding between Generations in the Soviet Ukraine during the 1920’s
Authors: Lahach Tamila
Published: November 2024

The author analyzes the Bolsheviks’ policy in 1920’s Soviet Ukraine in what concerns the most appropriate ways of raising the new generation of children according to the Marxist-Leninist principles. One of the best modalities was to destroy the family institution, as it was considered a conservative medium, in which “unhealthy” values such as religion were able to resist. Thus, the Soviet authorities undertook measures which were intended to turn the young generation into an instrument, dependent not on the family, but on the state.
Nocturnal Reflections on German (?) Dreams and Nightmares about November 9 in the 20th Century
Authors: Heinen Armin
Published: November 2024

In the course of the 20th century, Germany experienced four important political and social upheavals on November 9th: The Novemberrevolution in 1918, the Hitler putsch in 1923, the “Night of Broken Glass” in 1938 and the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. That is why prominent personalities have suggested to declare November 9th a national holiday. The article gives an account of the respective order of events and demonstrates that November 9th is as much a German as a European day. The commemoration of November 9th divides the German society up to the present day. On this account and because an adequate way of commemoration can no longer be prescribed in postmodern societies, the author regards November 9th to be unsuited for a national holiday. Instead of that, he suggests to commemorate November 9th as a European day in history. The consequences of intolerance in the historical context as well as the preconditions for a successful alliance of plural societies should be made an issue.
Portraits of the Romanian Politicians from the End of the 19th Century in German Diplomatic Documents
Authors: Ioniță Nicolae
Published: November 2024

Abstract: From the point of view of the Romanian-German relations, the period between the Congress of Berlin and the beginning of the “Balkan Crisis” is a privileged one. One could explain this situation by the following facts: the above-mentioned countries had the same political and economical interests; the importance of the Romanian natural resources for the German economy; the Romanian kingdom’s need and desire to take advantages against the Russian empire’s claims, being protected by a great European power. Another proof of the significance granted by the Reich to its new Eastern ally could also be seen in the concern of the German dignitaries in Bucharest regarding the evolution of the Romanian economical and political life. Their notes to Berlin accurately depicted a vivid fresco of the Romanian world around 1900. Of course, their image (as strangers) towards the entire Romanian society could not be an objective one, taking into account the interests they represented and their affiliation to a different culture. This paper presents the portraits of the most important Romanian political personalities, based mainly on the personal considerations of the German dignitaries in Bucharest. A special emphasis is given to the royal family of Romania, especially to King Charles I of Hohenzollern, and to his relationships with other members of his family and with the European monarchs. The documents used are, mainly, unpublished, and they can be found in the Microfilms Collections tagged “Germany” and “USA”, preserved at the Department of the Central Historical National Archives in Bucharest.
A Buddhist text from the IVth century. ASANGA – the discrimination between middle and extremes (MADHYᾹNTAVIBHᾹGA) (An Annotated Romanian Translation). I – Section I
Authors: Nedu Ovidiu
Published: November 2024

Abstract: The Discrimination between Middle and Extremes is one of the major Mahāyāna Buddhist texts, usually ascribed to the Vijñānavāda tradition, but having the particularity that the passing from the Prajñāpāramitā tradition to the classical Vijñānavāda can be easily traced within the text. The first of the five chapters of the book deals with metaphysical matters. It exposes the theory of the three levels of reality (the ultimate reality – parinipanna svabhāva, the conditional emanation – paratantra svabhāva and the illusory conceptual level – parikalpita svabhāva), featuring each of these levels as a particular condition of consciousness. In its second part, the text aproaches one of the classical issues in Indian metaphysics, namely the way it is possible to defend the absolutely pure and blissful character of the ultimate reality in face of the threat represented by its association with the worldly defilements. The solution found by the Vijñānavāda authors ascribes only an accidental character (āgantuka) to the defilements, while the purity is said to be essential (svābhāvika). Several verses delineate the features of the ultimate reality, thus linking the text to the Prajñāpāramitā tradition.
Han-Shan, Li Po, Tu Fu, Basho and the Mystical Theology of the Mountainous Space
Authors: Lupașcu Silviu
Published: November 2024

The spiritual masters of the Chinese and Japanese classical poetry used the image of the mountain as a symbol of the passage from this world toward the next world. The certitude of the irreversible fading away from this world is metamorphosed in the certitude of the happy proximity to the nonworld. The trip itself becomes a way of the revelation, of the manifest truth, of the re-defining of the human being through wu-wei or satori. As meeting of the truth, of the inner self or of the theocratic void, the immersion of the soul within the shining space situated beyond the world is accomplished through the gradual ontological transition from the mountainous reality to the mystery of the real reality. The mystical theology of the mountainous space was formed against the background of the religious syncretism which brings together the Daoism and Buddhism of the VIth-VIIIth centuries China. In this religious and cultural context, the writings preserved from Li Po, Tu Fu, Han-shan and Basho throw into relief the symbolism of the mountain as the threshold between the material world and the non-world, the world of infinite and everlasting ontological reality.
Transylvania and the Banat at the End of World War I – The Handbook of the Historical Department of the Foreign Office (1919)
Authors: Ardeleanu Constantin
Published: November 2024

The paper reproduces the handbook on Transylvania and the Banat, former Austro–Hungarian provinces united in 1918 with Romania, prepared by the Historical Department of the Foreign Office for the use of the British delegation at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. The handbook is an extremely important source for all aspects related to the two provinces, from historical or geographical data to the social and economic realities in the province. The text proper is preceded by a short historical comment on the activity of the Historical Department of the Foreign Office in 1919–1920.
Men and Lights – The Symbol of the Light–Bearer in Greek, Buddhist and Moslem Sources
Authors: Lupaşcu Silviu
Published: November 2024

The triple occurrence of the symbol of the light–bearer who is walking in broad daylight in the public places of the cities involves the wandering of the researcher who is following in the footsteps of the hermeneutical truth in the labyrinth of hypothesis. The first attempt to reconstruct the chronology suggests the ensuing order: the text of the Tripitaka (the Indian–Buddhist tradition), the legend referring to Diogenes of Sinope, rewritten and edited by Diogenes Laertios (the Greek tradition), the ample orchestration of the archaic theme of the light–bearer, achieved by Jalal-ud-dinRumi, in the Mathnawi, a medieval re-writing, indited from the perspective of the Moslem mystical theology (the Sufi tradition).The second attempt to reconstitute the chronology implies the reversing of the order which involves the transmission of the subject–matter of the light– bearer between the Greek tradition and the Indian–Buddhist tradition: the legend focused on Diogenes of Sinope, the narrative devoted to Sariputra in the Tripitaka, the Sufi rewriting incorporated in the Mathnawi. This exegetical perspective presumes that the theme of the light–bearer had been imported from Greece and penetrated inside the Indian cultural and religious space following in the footsteps or in the spiritual headway of Alexander the Great’s army.
An Unpublished Document on the Measures of the Russian Authorities to Counteract the Competition of the Danubian Ports of Galaţi and Brăila and to Favour the Trade of Odessa
Authors: Tomuleț Valentin , Emilciuc Andrei
Published: November 2024

This paper refers to an unpublished report presented by the Minister of the Finance of the Russian Empire, E. F. Kankrin, to the Emperor Nicholas I, on 15 April 1838. The document presents the increasing preoccupations of the Russian authorities regarding the augmentation of the commercial navigation on the Danube, namely that of the Romanian Principalities via the ports of Galaţi and Brăila. The report contains interesting data as regards the evolution of these ports after the Treaty of Adrianople, but it also shows the measures discussed by the Russian government in order to encourage the commerce of its own ports, especially Odessa. The document is presented in Russian, the original language, and in Romanian translation.
A Historical Newspaper of Dobrogea: Dobrogea Jună
Authors: Dobre Angela Anca
Published: November 2024

Dobrogea Jună (Young Dobrogea) is one of the longest lasting newspapers from the region of Dobrogea and holds a well deserved place in the printed media from the beginning of the 20th century. The newspaper can be compared to similar publications such as Dacia or Marea Neagră (The Black Sea). When it comes to researching local history and not only, Dobrogea Jună is a source of immense value and a mirror for the social, political and cultural life of Dobrogea of those times.
A Comparative Analysis of the Law Regulating Religions of 1928 and Decree 177 of the 4th of August 1948
Authors: Enache George
Published: November 2024

Decree 177 of the 4th of August 1948 was the law that represented the foundation of the legislation which regulated the activity of religions and cults in Romania throughout the communist period. Due to this, Decree 177 is always mentioned in every analysis of the relationship between church and state in communist Romania. Unfortunately, no serious analysis of the text of the decree has been written until now. Many authors simply enumerated the stipulations of the text or focused on irrelevant aspects of the decree. It should be emphasized that the new Romanian legislation regarding religions and cults did not emulate the Soviet legislation, but rather it reinterpreted the older Romanian legislation from the Interwar Period. This can be proven by closely analyzing the text of Decree 177 and comparing it to the text of the 1928 Law which regulated cults and religions. By doing this, we can easily see how the communist authorities reinterpreted the "bourgeois" legislation by seeing the relationship between church and state in a new light, but, at the same time, giving the appearance of continuing the same legislation.
The Pedagogical Press of Galati: Past and Present
Authors: Nazare Ghiță
Published: November 2024

This articles shows the continuous preoccupation of the teachers from Galati and Covurlui County to edit and print their own publications which revealed the problems of the Romanian and regional school system over a span of 120 years. The articles published are about the curriculum of the school subjects, about pedagogy and methodology, about the development of practice-oriented education, love for one's country, respect for work, culture and art, the lives of certain educational, scientific and cultural figures, aspects regarding the economic situation of people working in the educational system, the commemoration and homage of previous teachers, and many other subjects. We emphasize the great number of publications in our city on these subjects and the meaningful titles that they had, such as "The Friend of Pedagogy," "Educational Opinions", "The Department", "School Clarifications", "The School of Galati" etc.
The Others between Greek Extremism and Roman Pragmatism
Authors: Grigoraș Iulian
Published: November 2024

The description of foreigners is a practice which is constantly visible throughout what we call nowadays the classical antiquity. Greek and Roman writers depict in their works other peoples both in negative terms, but also in an idealized manner at times. However, the other nations always present and consider themselves to be the bearers of civilization.
Democratic transition and political landscaping in cameroon 1990-2000: profiling confusing power patterns versus indigenous response in the north west region
Authors: Ngam Confidence Chia
Published: November 2024

To the various transformations that gripped the world and its economies in the 1990s, the new demands and responsibilities and the new ways of making use of resources, African countries south of the Sahara responded in quite different but interesting ways. In Cameroon, these new developments occasioned paradigmatic changes which took various contents and shapes, one of which being the formation of particular indigenous groups. A typical area in Cameroon where there was almost a unique response to this changing political matrix is the North West Region, also known as the Bamenda grasslands. This paper traces the basis the foundations of democratic transitions alongside theresurgence of political conscious groups in the North West Region. It maps out the new contours created as well as their plight in the pursuit of new identities and patterns of loyalties in the changing socio-political and economic landscape within a decade time span.
Analisis Perlakuan Akuntansi Musyarakah Berdasarkan PSAK Syariah 106 di BMT UGT Nusantara Wongsorejo Kabupaten Banyuwangi
Authors: Lestari Fira Maidina , Zakiyah Makhshushi
Published: November 2024

BMT UGT Nusantara Wongsorejo Kabupaten Banyuwangi dengan beberapa produk yang sudah ada memerlukan standar akuntansi yang berdasarkan prinisip syariah untuk menjalankan sistem dalam melayani masyarakat dan meningkatkan kepercayaan Masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perlakuan   akuntansi   musyarakah berdasarkan PSAK106 di BMT UGT Nusantara Wongsorejo, Penelitian   ini   dikategorikan   sebagai   penelitian   lapangan   dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, bahwa perlakuan musyarakah di BMT UGT Nusantara yang berisi tentang: pertama, Pengakuan akuntansi terhadap pembiayaan musyarakah masih belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan PSAK 106. Kedua, Pengukuran akuntansi pembiayaan musyarakah telah sesuai dengan PSAK 106. Ketiga, Penyajian akuntansi musyarakah tidak sesuai dengan PSAK 106 karena kas yang diberikan kepada nasabah disajikan sebagai pembiayaan musyarakah. Keempat, Pengungkapan akuntansi terhadap pembiayaan musyarakah tidak dapat dianalisis karena pihak BMT tidak membuat catatan atas laporan
Analisis Perlakuan Akuntansi Pada Tabungan Easy Wadiah Di BSI Kantor Cabang Banyuwangi Basuki Rahmat
Authors: Yakin Husnul
Published: November 2024

Perlakuan akuntansi adalah tahapan yang sangat utama dalam mengelola laporan keuangan dalam segi pengakuan, pengukuran, penyajian dan pengungkapan, karena perlakuan akuntansi akan mempengaruhi hasil dari laporan keuangan untuk disajikan dan diungkapkan oleh perusahaan. Sedangkan Tabungan easy wadiah adalah jenis simpanan yang menggunakan akad wadiah yang penarikannya dapat dilakukan dengan syarat tertentu, tetapi tidak dapat diambil dengan cek, giro, atau alat lain yang dipersamakan dengan itu. Fokus penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan mekanisme tabungan easy wadiah dan mengeplorasi perlakuan akuntansi pada BSI Kantor Cabang Banyuwangi Basuki Rahmat, bagaimana perlakuan akuntansi tabungan easy wadiah pada BSI Kantor Cabang Banyuwangi Basuki Rahmat. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan mekanisme tabungan easy wadiah dan perlakuan akuntansi pada BSI Kantor Cabang Banyuwangi Basuki Rahmat. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kualitatif dengan teknik triangulasi dalam menguji keabsahan data. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, mekanisme tabungan easy wadiah pada BSI Kantor Cabang Banyuwangi Basuki Rahmat terkait pembukaan tabungan, nasabah bisa membuka secara online ataupun offline yang disertai KTP dan uang sebagai setoran awal. Selanjutnya penyetoran dan penarikan tabungan, nasabah bisa melewati mesin ATM dan bisa langsung datang ke kantor bank. Dan pada penutupan tabungan, nasabah harus membawa KTP, kartu ATM serta buku tabungan (bagi nasabah yang masih hidup) jika menutup tabungan yang meninggal maka menambahkan berkas seperti: KK, akta kelahiran dan surat kematian yang telah ditandatangani oleh seluruh ahli waris. Perlakuan akuntansi pada tabungan easy wadiah dalam pengakuan dan pengukuran dana tabungan easy wadiah, diakui sebagai liabilitas dan pada saat transfer, biaya transfer diakui sebagai pendapatan oleh pihak bank. Sehingga penyajian dan pengungkapan pada tabungan easy wadiah di BSI Kantor Cabang Banyuwangi Basuki Rahmat disajikan di laporan posisi keuangan dan diungkapkan dalam catatan atas laporan keuangan.
PERLAKUAN AKUNTANSI ISLAM PADA PRAKTIK QARDHUL HASAN DI KSPPS. BMT NU JAWA TIMUR CABANG SUBOH KABUPATEN SITUBONDO
Authors: Halifaturruhmi Halifaturruhmi , Shoimah Imroatus
Published: November 2024

Qardhul hasan adalah pembiayaan yang sifatnya pinjaman tanpa dikenakan biaya yang hanya wajib membayar sebesar pokok utangnya saja, pinjaman seperti inilah yang sesuai dengan prinsip islam atau tidak mengandung  riba  didalamnya.yaitu  bertujuan  untuk  diberikan  kepada yang membutuhkan atau tidak memiliki kemampuan finansial,dan untuk tujuan sosial.pelunasan tersebut ditetapkan pada saat terjadinya akad. Fokus masalah dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana    praktik    Qardhul    Hasan    dan    mengetahui    perlakuan akuntansinya berdasarkan Perspektif Perlakuan Islam di KSPPS.BMT NU Jawa Timur Cabang Suboh Kabupaten Situbondo. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Dimana pengumpulan datanya diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara secara  semi  struktur  dan  dokumentasi.  Kemudian  data  yang  diperoleh melalui  tiga  tahap  yakni  data  reduction  (reduksi  data), data  display (display data), conclusion drawing/verification (simpulan dan verifikasi). Keabsahan  data  dilakukan  dengan  uji  kradibilitas  yang  didalamnya menggunakan teknik keabsahan triangulasi yang terdiri dari triangulasi yang  terdiri  dari  triangulasi  teknik,  triangulasi  sumber  dan  triangulasi waktu. Hasil penelitian dalam skripsi ini adalah Praktik Qardhul Hasan di KSPPS BMT NU Jawa Timur Cabang Suboh Aturan yang ada yaitu dalam hal pemakaian dana oleh mitra yang mana seharusnya untuk kebutuhan produktif malah digunakan untuk kebutuhan konsomtif juga, yaitu dana awal peminjaman untuk modal usaha,tapi praktinya digunakan untuk membayar sekolah dan kebutuhan lainnya, padahal di BMT NU Jawa Timur Cabang Suboh Kabupaten Situbondo dana  qardhul hasan hanya diprioritaskan untuk dana produktif saja. Dan perlakuan akuntansinya sudak sesuai dengan prinsip syariah yang ada didalam akuntansi syariah. Yang terkait dengan pengukuran, pencatatan, penyajian sudah sesuia.
Analisis Penerapan PSAK 109 Tentang Akuntansi Zakat, Infak dan Sedekah (Studi Kasus Badan Amil Zakat Nasional Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu)
Authors: Safitri Rahayu Dwi , Miftah Dhafir
Published: November 2024

Allah SWT memiliki ketentuan dalam pengelolaan harta dan wajib diikuti oleh umat Muslim seperti pembayaran dana zakat, infak dan sedekah. Pemerintah telah membentuk Lembaga Amil Zakat untuk memudahkan proses penyaluran dana zakat, infak dan sedekah. Lmbaga Amil Zakat perlu melakukan proses pencatatan dan penyajian dengan sistem akuntansi sebagai bentuk pertanggungjawaban kepada pihak yang memiliki wewenang. Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia (IAI) telah mengeluarkan PSAK  109  yang  mengatur  akuntansi  zakat,  infak  dan  sedekahyang memuat tentang pengakuan, pengukuran, penyajian dan pengungkapan hal-hal yang terkait dengan kebijakan penyaluran dana zakat, infak dan sedekah.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui alur dari segi pelaporan dana zakat, infak dan sedekah yang ada di BAZNAS Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu. Proses pelaporan disini dimulai dari proses pengakuan, pengukuran, penyajian dan pengungkapan atas laporan keuangan berdasarkan dengan PSAK 109. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif menggunakan data primer dengan metode wawancara secara mendalam dan data sekunder dengan metode dokumentasi dan observasi.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa laporan keuangan BAZNAS Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu belum sesuai dengan PSAK 109, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan tidak adanya laporan keuangan secara terperinci seperti,  laporan  posisi  keuangan  (neraca),  laporan  perubahan  dana, laporan perubahan aset kelolaan, laporan arus kas dan catatan atas laporan keuangan. Melainkan hanya pencatatan secara sederhana yang meliputi penghimpunan dan pendistribusian dana zakat, infak dan sedekah. Juga dalam   hal   pengakuan,   pengukuran,   penyajian   dan   pengungkapan BAZNAS Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu belum sesuai dengan PSAK 109.
Analisis Penerapan PSAK 107 pada Produk Gadai Emas Syariah di PT Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Situbondo Basuki Rahmat
Authors: Rusadi Khairunnisa’ , Wahedi Su'ud
Published: November 2024

Gadai Emas Syariah adalah salah satu produk pembiayaan yang ada di Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Situbondo Basuki Rahmat yang dimana pada pembiayaan rahn ini menggunakan akad pendamping yaitu akad ijarah. Penerapan PSAK 107 pada produk gadai emas adalah menerapkan pernyataan standar akuntansi keuangan 107 yang mengatur pengakuan dan pengukuran, penyajian dan pengungkapan transaksi ijarah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan akuntansi pada produk gadai emas syariah di Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Situbondo Basuki Rahmat, dan untuk mendeskripsikan kesesuaian PSAK 107 pada produk gadai emas syariah di Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Situbondo Basuki Rahmat. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field reaserch) dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif  dengan pendekatan deskripttif. Data yang diperoleh melalui  proses observasi, wawancara semi terstruktur dan dokumentasi. Kemudian data yang diperoleh diproses melalui tiga tahap yaitu, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Keabsahan data dilakukan dengan uji kredibilitas data dan triangulasi teori. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Situbondo Basuki Rahmat dalam penerapan akuntansi pada produk gadai emas syariah sudah sesuai dengan PSAK 107 hal ini bisa dilihat dari semua aspek yaitu pengakuan dan pengukurannya, yaitu biaya perolehan dan pendapatan sudah sesuai dengan PSAK 107, untuk penyajian juga sudah sesuai karena pendapatan ijarah disajikan secara neto. Dan dalam hal pengungkapan Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Situbondo Basuki Rahmat juga sudah sesuai dengan PSAK 107 karena pihak bank masih tetap melakukan pengungkapan dalam laporan keuangannya meskipun tidak berbentuk jurnal khsusus.
Depremzedelerde Algılanan Sosyal Destek ile Travmatik Stres Belirtileri Arasındaki İlişkide Psikolojik Dayanıklılığın Aracılık Rolü
Authors: Keskin Ahmet , Sanberk İsmail
Published: November 2024

Bu araştırma betimsel bir desende olup nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan ilişkisel tarama modelinde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Kahramanmaraş depreminden etkilenmiş yetişkin olan yaşları 18 ile 56 aralığında değişen 232 kadın 185 erkek olmak üzere toplam 417 katılımcıdan oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Kısa Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği, Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği ve Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu Kısa Ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kahramanmaraş depreminden etkilenen yetişkin bireylerin Psikolojik Dayanıklılığın, Algılanan Sosyal Destek ile Travma Sonrası Stres belirtileri arasındaki ilişkide aracılık rolüne ilişkin geliştirilen teorik modelin test edilmesidir. Araştırmada teorik model Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli aracılığıyla test edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS ve Process Macro eklentisi kullanılmıştır. Aracılık rolüne ilişkin kurulan yapısal modelin iyi uyuma sahip olduğu belirlenmiş ve psikolojik dayanıklılığın modelde tam aracılık rolü olduğu görülmüştür. Analiz sonuçları çalışmanın değişkenlerinin birbiriyle anlamlı ilişkileri olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuçta modelden elde edilen veriler, algılanan sosyal destek ile travma sonrası stress belirtileri arasındaki ilişkide psikolojik dayanıklılığın da etkisi olduğu ancak aralarındaki ilişkinin tamamıyla pskolojik dayanıklılıktan kaynaklanmadığı ifade edilebilir. Anlaşıldığı kadarıyla bireylerin travma sonrası stress belirtilerini azaltmak için doğrudan algıladıkları sosyal desteğe müdahalenin zorlaştığı veya imkansız hale geldiği durumlarda alternatif bir olasılık, psikolojik dayanıklılıklarına müdahale etmektir.
Zur Konstitution der Schulklasse. Praxis- und strukturtheoretische Perspektiven auf Aggregatzustände der Klasse zwischen Organisation und Interaktion
Authors: Fuhrmann Laura , Wolf Eike
Published: November 2024

In der Verknüpfung praxis- und strukturtheoretischer Zugriffe leuchtet der Beitrag das Phänomen der Schulklasse im Verhältnis von Organisation und Interaktion aus. Es werden die wechselseitig bedingten und sich bedingenden, jeweiligen Konstitutionslogiken der Schulklasse in den verschiedenen Handlungszusammenhängen sichtbar gemacht, die sich als unterschiedliche soziale Aggregatzustände identifizieren lassen – die Klasse erscheint so als soziale Assoziation sowie als soziales Gebilde. Im Anschluss an die empirischen Bestimmungen der Schulklasse werden Verweisungszusammenhänge der sozialen Aggregationen sowie begriffstheoretische Konsequenzen diskutiert. (DIPF/Orig.)
Normative Vorstellungen von Schulklassen und die Positionierung von Klassenlehrkräften. Explorationen zum praxisinstruktiven und situativen Diskurs
Authors: Hübner Marco , Rabenstein Kerstin , Wicke Lars
Published: November 2024

Nach Positionierungen von Lehrkräften in der Rolle einer für eine Schulklasse zuständigen Klassenlehrkraft in und zu Schulklassen wird noch kaum gefragt. Von Einflussmöglichkeiten der Klassenlehrkraft auf Schulklassen wird jedoch ausgegangen. Der Beitrag untersucht, wie solche Positionierungen von Klassenlehrkräften im praxisinstruktiven (Ratgeber-)Diskurs und in einem alltagsbasierten situativen Diskurs von Lehrkräften entworfen werden. Dafür entwickelt er ein heuristisches Verständnis normativer Vorstellungen von Schulklassen. Auf Basis eines Textkorpus von Beiträgen aus praxisinstruktiven Zeitschriften und Interviewaussagen von Klassenlehrkräften wird gezeigt, wie im praxisinstruktiven Diskurs die Schulklasse zu einer Arena pädagogischer Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten umgewandelt wird, während im situativen Diskurs eine Spannung deutlich wird, insofern sich Klassenlehrkräfte als Differente zur Schulklasse und zugleich – z.B. gegenüber Kolleg*innen – als ein Teil von ihr entwerfen. (DIPF/Orig.)