bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A construção social do mercado de trabalho no setor de construção civil nas obras do Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC): consensos e conflitos
Authors: Jardim Maria Chaves
Published: May 2015

Ao considerar as diversas interpretações existentes em torno do Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC), o texto busca identificar os arranjos do PAC na criação de postos de trabalho, enfatizando especialmente o mercado da construção civil, fomentado via Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida. Para tanto, organizamos uma coleta de dados sobre as medidas e ações propostas pelo PAC durante os governos Lula e Dilma Rousseff, além da análise dos relatórios do Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU). Da mesma forma, realizamos análises documentais nos sites dos ministérios do Planejamento e da Fazenda e algumas entrevistas com trabalhadores da construção civil. Os dados foram tratados com inspiração da sociologia econômica, disciplina que considera que todo o mercado é uma construção social. No caso aqui analisado, o mercado de trabalho é resultado de uma construção social, mais especialmente o mercado de trabalho da construção civil, já que é resultante de diversos atores e instituições engajados na promoção do PAC, tais como o Estado, as empreiteiras, os sindicatos, os fundos de pensão etc. Os conflitos resultantes dessa construção social foram identificados.
Dispositivo militarizado da segurança pública. Tendências recentes e problemas no Brasil
Authors: Souza Luís Antônio Francisco de
Published: May 2015

O Brasil não espantou totalmente todos os fantasmas de seu recente passado de regime de exceção. Ainda não houve o restabelecimento completo da normalidade democrática, não obstante a consagração dos princípios da democracia formal e do Estado democrático de direito. O país ainda não conseguiu levar, para parcelas importantes da população, os princípios de justiça, paz, desenvolvimento e equidade. O aparato estatal - particularmente polícia e justiça - ainda apresenta limitações em termos de controle social, transparência e efetividade. Diante de tantas incompletudes, enfrenta-se a escalada da violência, da criminalidade, do crime organizado e da desestrutura urbana. Como resposta aos problemas percebidos como urgentes, a jovem democracia brasileira apela para as instituições da segurança pública e, na falta e insuficiência destas, para as forças privadas de vigilância. As Forças Armadas, igualmente, são acionadas como garantidoras da ordem e da paz dentro do território e das comunidades. Estamos diante de uma tendência de militarização da segurança pública? Esta tendência é nova? Corresponde a que práticas e a que aspirações da sociedade brasileira globalizada? É o que se pretende discutir no presente artigo.
A cooperação dos BRICS na ciência, tecnologia e inovação: retórica e realidades
Authors: Kahn Michael
Published: May 2015

A Declaração dos BRICS na Cidade do Cabo em 10 de fevereiro de 2014 comprometeu os cinco signatários para um programa de cooperação em ciência, tecnologia e inovação (CTI). Foi tomada a decisão específica de alocar responsabilidades setoriais para cada parte: mudança climática e atenuação de catástrofes (Brasil); recursos hídricos e tratamento de poluição (Rússia); tecnologia geoespacial e suas aplicações (Índia); energias novas e renováveis, e eficiência energética (China); e astronomia (África do Sul). A ciência possui uma aparência de neutralidade, e como tal é uma importante aliada da diplomacia "soft", assim como o tênis de mesa na reaproximação entre Nixon e Mao em 1975. O mesmo não é exatamente verdade com respeito à tecnologia, com sua óbvia importância militar e com a inovação, que está intimamente conectada à competição econômica. A Declaração levanta, portanto, algumas questões interessantes. Qual é o presente estado da cooperação em CTI entre o grupo dos BRICS? Qual é a justificativa por trás da escolha dessas cinco áreas? Como essas áreas se alinham com a estratégia doméstica de cada país para CTI? Quais acordos bilaterais de CTI já estão em andamento, e o que eles têm produzido como resultados? Como a Declaração da Cidade do Cabo se alinha ou se compromete com o processo entre Índia, Brasil e África do Sul (IBSA)? As crescentes tensões geopolíticas (Mar Negro, Mar da China) irão limitar o escopo da cooperação em CTI? A análise de documentos e a bibliometria proporcionam algumas respostas às questões acima, porém o mais provável é que o fator decisivo sejam as dinâmicas geopolíticas globais.
Estudo sobre um parâmetro de tarefa e um parâmetro amostral para experimentos com julgamentos de aceitabilidade temporalizados
Authors: Souza Ricardo Augusto de , Oliveira Cândido Samuel Fonseca de , Silva Jesiel Soares , Penzin Alberto Gallo Araújo , Santos Alexandre Alves
Published: May 2015

Resumo: A tarefa de julgamento de aceitabilidade de sentenças temporalizadas é uma das técnicas de eliciação de julgamentos na qual  se impõem restrições temporais aos juízes. Propõe-se que essa técnica proporciona observações mais fidedignas de conhecimento implícito  e processos automatizados. Este estudo explora a definição de tetos  temporais mínimos para a execução dessa tarefa por falantes nativos das  línguas dos estímulos, assim como avalia o impacto do recrutamento de  amostras de conveniência, formadas por participantes com treinamento  em estudos de linguagem, sobre esse tipo de experimento. Os resultados  indicam não haver impacto crítico dessa forma de amostragem de  conveniência, e que efeitos de gramaticalidade são detectáveis com  janelas temporais de 4 segundos para cada sentença.Palavras-chave: Aceitabilidade; Gramaticalidade; Julgamentos temporalizados; Amostragem de conveniência.Abstract: The speeded sentence acceptability judgment task is a  technique for the elicitation of judgments in which temporal constraints  are imposed on judges. It is suggested that such technique provides more  reliable observations of implicit knowledge and automatic processes. This  study explored the setting of minimal temporal ceilings for performance  in the speeded acceptability judgment task by native speakers of the  stimuli languages, and it also assessed the impact of convenience  sampling where participants with language studies backgrounds are  recruited. The results show that there is no critical impact of this kind of  convenience sampling, and they also show that grammaticality effects  are detectable within a time window of 4 seconds per sentence.Keywords: Acceptability; Grammaticality; Speeded Judgments; Convenience Sampling.
Chief Complaint
Authors: Pasqua Melissa Rosina
Published: May 2015

In the case-based learning sessions of pre-clerkship at the University of Ottawa, students are presented with a patient’s chief complaint in a module that is clear-cut and objective.  The cases are often optimistic, in a way that can be sometimes statistically rare, but once in a while the patient passes away, leaving students disappointed as they close their laptops and leave the room.  In real life, exposure to a patient’s triumphs and tribulations may be only 15 minutes long, but for the patient and their family, cancer represents a man who is in constant fear of a group of cells spreading to a vital organ and killing him, or a father who will never see his grandchildren, or a wife whose absence leaves a sting to everyday life.  This poem was an attempt to give a voice to the patient outside the constraints of the module, and to give life to a scenario that is greyer than the black and white typed notes make it out to be.
2015 Ontario Health Cut Backs: Overview and Specific Impact on Primary Care
Authors: Harrison Brittany , Guo Merry
Published: May 2015

On February 1st 2015, the Ontario government began implementing a series of unilateral cut-backs to health care in Ontario. These changes include a 2.65% decrease to physician fees across-the-board, restricting entry into Family Health Organizations (FHO) and Family Health Networks (FHN), discontinuing enrolment premiums, and restricting the Income Stabilization program [1-7]. Without a doubt, family physicians are amongst the most heavily impacted physicians [8]. In this commentary, we attempt to summarize the recent events leading to these cut-backs, and discuss the potential implications of these changes with relation to primary care in particular.
Comparing Predictive power of CT-scan Findings among the Malignant Hepatic Mass patients
Authors: Begum Wahida , Hossain Ahmed , Jahan Waziha A , Shirin Mahbuba , Yusuf M Abdullah , Nahar Aftabun
Published: May 2015

Background: CT-scan is useful for the detection of hepatic mass. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the predictive values of CT scan in the diagnosis of malignant hepatic mass. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Radiology and Imaging at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka and Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka during the period of 1st January 2006 to 31st December 2007. Patients admitted in the Department of Medicine and Department of Hepatobiliary of MMCH, BSMMU, and DMCH with the clinical diagnosis of fever, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, loss of appetite, jaundice, weight loss and ascites were selected as study population. CT scan and histopathology were performed to all the patients. Result: A total number of 50 patients were recruited for this study.. The sensitivity for multiplicity was 71.4%, specificity was 63.6%, accuracy was 68%, PPV was 71.4% and NPV was 63.6%. The sensitivity for hypodensity as a sign of malignancy was 60.7%, specificity was 18.2%, accuracy was 42.0%, PPV was 48.6% and NPV was 26.7%. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of contrast enhancement were 100.0%, 22.7%, 62.2%, 100.0% and 66.0% respectively. Again the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of detection of pressure effect on biliary apparatus by CT-scan were 100.0%, 22.7%, 62.2%, 100.0% and 66.0% respectively. Again the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of detection of Lymphadenopathy by CT-scan were 35.7%, 95.5%, 90.9%, 53.8% and 62.0% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of detection of Portal vein invasion by CT-scan were 14.3%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 47.8% and 52.0% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of detection of hepatic vein invasion by CT-scan were 10.7%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 46.8% and 50.0% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of detection of inferior vena cava (IVC) invasion by CT-scan were 7.1%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 45.8% and 48.0% respectively. Conclusion: CT is a useful diagnostic tool for the detection of malignant hepatic masses.Journal of Science Foundation, 2014;12(1):2-6
A New Technique for Collection of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Rat Pups
Authors: Rodríguez-Fanjul Javier , Fernández-Feijóo Cristina Durán , Camprubí Marta Camprubí
Published: May 2015

Background

Neuroprotective strategies to prevent or decrease brain injury in hypoxic ischemic newborns are one of the main research lines in neonatology. Animal models have been used to assess the efficiency of new therapeutic strategies. Brain damage biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are frequently used to evaluate the outcome at the bedside. Despite the importance of this approach in clinical practice, there are many difficulties in using it in small animals. The aim of this paper was to describe a new technique for collecting CSF in rat pups. Furthermore the reference values of S100β protein levels, commonly used in common clinical practice, were analyzed in animals between 7 to 12 days.

Methods

42 Wistar rat pups aged 7 to 12 days were used. CSF was obtained by direct puncture of the cisterna magna with a 24-gauge needle. S100β protein levels were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

CSF was successfully obtained in 96% of the cases, with an average amount of 21.28 μl (5–40 μl). Normal values for S100β were described. HI animals presented higher S100β values than controls.

Conclusions

A simple, reproducible technique for CSF collection in rat pups has been described. This new method will allow study of brain injury biomarkers in newborn hypoxic ischemic animal models.
Собственные колебания густых каскадных соединений со "сверхтяжелыми" концентрированными массами
Authors: Mel'nik Taras Anatol'evich , Chechkin Gregory Aleksandrovich
Published: May 2015

Изучаются асимптотики по малому параметру собственных элементов краевой задачи для оператора Лапласа в густом каскадном соединении с концентрированными массами. Существует пять качественно различных
случаев в асимптотическом поведении собственных значений и собственных функций при стремлении малого параметра к нулю ("легкие", "промежуточные", "слегка тяжелые", "умеренно тяжелые" и
"сверхтяжелые" концентрированные массы). Изучается влияние концентрированных масс на асимптотики собственных колебаний в последних двух случаях. Строятся ведущие члены асимптотических разложений как для собственных функций, так и для собственных значений, которые строго обосновываются при помощи соответствующих асимптотических оценок. Более того, найдены новые типы высокочастотных собственных колебаний.
Библиография: 41 наименование.
Простые конечномерные правоальтернативные супералгебры абелева типа характеристики нуль
Authors: Pchelintsev Sergey Valentinovich , Shashkov Oleg Vladimirovich
Published: May 2015

Классифицированы простые конечномерные правоальтернативные супералгебры $A=A_0\oplus A_1$ над полем характеристики нуль, в которых четная часть $A_0$ ассоциативна и коммутативна, а $A_1$ - ассоциативный $A_0$-бимодуль. Доказано, что всякая такая супералгебра $A=A_0\oplus A_1$ получается удвоением полупростой четной части $A_0$, а умножение в $A$ определяется с помощью подходящего автоморфизма и линейного оператора, действующих на четной части $A_0$.
Библиография: 20 наименований.
О теореме Барта-Ван де Вена-Тюрина-Сато
Authors: Penkov Ivan Boyanovich , Tikhomirov Alexander Sergeevich
Published: May 2015

Теорема Барта-Ван де Вена-Тюрина-Сато утверждает, что всякое векторное расслоение конечного ранга на бесконечномерном комплексном проективном пространстве $\mathbf{P}^\infty$ изоморфно прямой сумме
линейных расслоений. Мы устанавливаем достаточные условия на локально полное линейное инд-многообразие $\mathbf{X}$, при которых этот же результат выполняется на $\mathbf{X}$. Затем мы описываем
естественные классы локально полных линейных инд-многообразий, для которых выполнены эти условия.
Библиография: 18 названий.
El significado de la prosopopeya de las Leyes en el "Critón" de Platon
Authors: Esteban Magoja Eduardo
Published: May 2015

El objeto de este trabajo es realizar un estudio iusfilosófico sobre la aparición de las Leyes (nómoi) personificadas de Atenas en el Critón de Platón. La prosopopeya de las Leyes resulta ser un aspecto central para poder comprender la obra, ya que éstas entablan un diálogo imaginario con Sócrates en el cual instalan diversos argumentos filosóficos para fundamentar la autoridad de la pólis. A los fines de identificar el valor argumentativo de este recurso en la obra, analizaré el significado del nómos en la Atenas del siglo V a. C. y la naturaleza de las Leyes en el contexto general del diálogo. Se busca demostrar la importancia que tienen aquéllas para explicar la decisión de Sócrates de beber la cicuta.
Notas sobre el "primum cognitum" en Cayetano y su vínculo con la metafísica
Authors: Muñoz Ceferino
Published: May 2015

Cayetano tuvo un papel protagónico en los debates intelectuales de su época (s. XVI), destacándose como un auténtico adalid del tomismo; inclusive muchas de sus tesis pasaron a formar parte de tal doctrina, las cuales –a veces matizadas y otras no tanto– perviven hasta nuestros días. Entre los diversos temas que afrontó se destaca su particular noción de primum cognitum. Aquí, partimos del hecho de que la tradición tomista no ha visto mayores inconvenientes en equiparar lo que entienden Cayetano y el Aquinate por el ens primo cadit; empero nosotros estamos en condiciones de afirmar que tal equiparación al menos es problemática. En este sentido, nos ocuparemos de realizar un primer acercamiento al tema del ente primer conocido cayetaniano para intentar mostrar su real significado. Asimismo, procuraremos ver, ayudados por los aportes de algunos estudiosos contemporáneos –en especial el de Lawrence Dewan–, hasta qué punto tal noción se corresponde o no con los desarrollos teóricos de Tomás de Aquino, sobre todo con el vínculo entre el primer conocido y el ente como objeto de la metafísica.
A Comprehensive Review on Various Aspects of Genetic Disorders
Authors: Khan Asad , Khan Ihsan , Suleman Suleman , Zahid Khan , Nabi Ghulam
Published: May 2015

Congenital defects are main causes of new born and child anomalies and morality, which cause single or multiple defects in one or many organs of the child. Worldwide each year about 3 % of 134 million annual births are affected by major structural and functional defects. Birth defects may have a genetic infection or environmental sources but about 50 % of all congenital disorders still have no exact cause. This review article focuses on the causes of genetic disorders, types of genetic disorders, development of genetic disorders, epidemiology and prevention of genetic disorders.
Hungarian Red Sludge Disaster : Crisis Intervention and Aftercare - Proposed Protocols and Feasibility
Authors: V. Komlósi Annamária , Richter Júlia , Rózsa Sándor , Fodor János
Published: May 2015

This paper intends to describe the Hungarian red sludge disaster and the lessons drawn from three years of psychosocial interventions applied to manage the crisis from immediate aftermath until this day. Conclusions will be discussed in the light of international crisis intervention protocols, with special emphasis on interventions supporting mental health, resilience, and strategies of communication. Our sources include 1. published documents of events, 2. reports and notes of volunteer psychologists, 3. results of two preliminary studies on the impacts of the disaster. As a practical implication of our study, we suggest the redefinition of the Crisis Management System (CMS) in Hungary into a Complex Crisis Management System (CCMS) where mental health professionals work in close cooperation with other experts of the interdisciplinary crisis management team, and where continuity is ensured between the different phases of relief work. Generally less emphasised psychosocial consequences of disasters are pointed out and suggestions for a new data collection method are also introduced in this study.
Interconnections between Aggressiveness, Hostility, Wrathfulness and the Mental Performance of Drivers
Authors: Birknerová Zuzana , Zibrínová Ľubica
Published: May 2015

The traffic behaviour of drivers is determined by a mutual interaction of personal and situational variables. This interaction may be optimal, in the sense of interaction relationships, which result from the optimisation of the relationship between the subjective preconditions to solve the arising situations and the potential development of the current situations. Diversion from an optimal relationship may lead to the growth of inappropriate traffic behaviour, which can result in a road accident. This research is aimed at the search for interconnections among aggressiveness, hostility, wrathfulness, and mental performance of 137 drivers with Class C and D driving licences (truck and bus drivers). The research was carried out by means of a questionnaire for measuring aggressiveness and hostility in road traffic which monitors four scales of irritability, offensiveness, hostile attribution bias, and inhibition of aggressiveness. Another questionnaire consisting of six anger-provoking factors was used to scan provocation of anger in road traffic by other drivers and road users. To determine the intelligence of drivers, a battery for detecting comprehension, thinking in the sphere of illustrative relationships, practical intelligence, spatial intelligence, and flexibility of thinking was used as part of the research as well.
An Improved Force-Angle Stability Margin for Radial Symmetrical Hexapod Robot Subject to Dynamic Effects
Authors: Long Shidong , Xin Guiyang , Deng Hua , Zhong Guoliang
Published: May 2015

This paper presents a study on stability monitoring for a radial symmetrical hexapod robot under dynamic conditions. The force-angle stability margin (FASM) measure method has been chosen as the stability criterion. This is because it is suitable for the stability analysis, in terms of external forces or manipulator loads acting on the body. Considering that a radial symmetrical hexapod robot can tumble along the contact point besides tip-over axis, this paper proposes an improved FASM measure method. Furthermore, it provides the method for calculating the stability angle of contact point and simplifies the algorithm of FASM. To verify the improved FASM measure method, three potential dynamic situations have been simulated. The simulation results confirm that, under dynamic conditions, the improved FASM is efficient, simple in terms of calculation cost and sensitive to manipulator loads and external disturbances. This means it has practical value in on-line controllers.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per la comarca del Baix Ebre: des de Roquetes als Reguers al Caragol i al Mont Caro
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: May 2015

Itinerari realitzat el 2 de febrer de 2014. En aquesta ocasió, es realitzarà un recorregut geològic que discorrerà en la seva totalitat per diferents indrets de la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre; i més concretament pels sectors corresponents a la seva Depressió Central, a l´igual que en els altres recorreguts que hem fet per la comarca de l’Anoia. D´aquesta manera, tot el recorregut transitarà entre afloraments dels materials terciaris (de l´Oligocè) i quaternaris que reblen aquesta depressió.  Així, durant tot el recorregut, anirem trobant afloraments que corresponen als materials de la Formació Tàrrega, situant-se íntegrament dintre del Complex Lacustre de la Segarra. Així, veurem terrenys calcolutitics, carbonatats, argilosos i lignits, fonamentalment, al llarg de tot el recorregut de l´itinerari. Per d´altra banda, el recorregut transitarà inicialment per la comarca d´Anoia, pels sectors septentrionals i segarrencs de la comarca. Després, penetrarà breument a la comarca de la Segarra, per a tornar finalment a la comarca d´Anoia, discorrent els darrers trams del recorregut per la subcomarca de l´Alta Segarra (la també anomenada Segarra Calafina).
El espíritu de la Ilustración, por Tzvetan Todorov
Authors: Ramírez Guijarro Alba
Published: May 2015

Reseña Todorov, Tzvetan 2014, El espíritu de la Ilustración, Barcelona: Galaxia Gutenberg, trad. Noemí Sobregués. ISBN 978-84-672-3042-0, 145 pp.
Problemas de la filosofía de la cultura en Nietzsche: el mito del hombre salvaje en El Nacimiento de la Tragedia
Authors: Llinares Joan
Published: May 2015

Este trabajo tiene un doble objetivo: presentar de forma sucinta un abanico de problemas de filosofía de la cultura que la obra de Nietzsche aborda, para lo cual analiza algunas cuestiones que plantean las traducciones castellanas de sus términos originales e intenta dar a conocer las aportaciones de dos grandes investigadores franceses de esta temática, E. Blondel y P. Wotling, y, en segundo lugar, concretar ese estudio centrándose en la configuración que adopta el mito del ‘hombre salvaje’ en el texto de El nacimiento de la tragedia, la compleja e inagotable opera prima del filósofo alemán.
La subjetividad desde el cuerpo en Nietzsche. Una fuente de inspiración del pensamiento español contemporáneo.
Authors: Conill Jesús
Published: May 2015

El objetivo principal del estudio es doble: primero, mostrar la decisiva importancia de la concepción nietzscheana de la subjetividad corporal, para transformar una noción tan básica de la filosofía moderna y contemporánea, abriendo un nuevo horizonte filosófico que es capaz de superar el idealismo y el positivismo; y, segundo, dejar constancia de lo que esta aportación de Nietzsche ha supuesto como inspiración en gran parte del pensamiento español contemporáneo
¿Para qué sirve realmente la ética?, por Adela Cortina
Authors: Ortega Esquembre César
Published: May 2015

Reseña de Cortina Orts, Adela 2013, ¿Para qué sirve realmente la ética?, Barcelona: Paidós. ISBN 978-84-493-2877-0, 184 páginas
Introductory Study: Nietzsche on Culture and Subjectivity
Authors: Stellino Paolo , Gori Pietro
Published: May 2015

Nietzsche’s timeliness is patent in the renewed enthusiasm with which scholars in both the continental and analytic traditions have approached his works in recent years. Along with other topics, attention has been particularly directed towards two important issues: Nietzsche’s analysis, critique, and genealogy of culture, and his stance on subjectivity. In this introductory study we shall provide a brief outline of both these topics. As will be shown, they play a pivotal role in Nietzsche’s thought, and the link that connects them is stronger than one would imagine.
Polytropic index of central plasma sheet ions based on MHD Bernoulli integral
Authors: Pang Xuexia , Cao Jinbin , Liu Wenlong , Ma Yuduan , Lu Haoyu , Yang Junying , Li Liuyuan , Liu Xu , Wang Jing , Wang Tieyan , Yu Jiang
Published: May 2015

This paper uses the data of Cluster from 2001 to 2009 to study the polytropic processes of central plasma sheet (CPS) ions. We first adopt the approach of MHD Bernoulli integral (MBI) to identify homogeneous streamflow tubes (quasi‐invariant MBI regions) and then calculate the polytropic index of ions for those streamflow tubes whose outward electromagnetic energy ratios δ  < 0.05. The central plasma sheet is actually a complicated system, which comprises many streamflow tubes with different polytropic relations and the transition layers in between. The polytropic indexes of the CPS ions range from 0.1 to 1.8 and have a quasi‐Gaussian distribution. The median polytropic index is 0.93 for AE < 200 nT and 0.91 for AE ≥ 200 nT. Thus, there is no obvious difference between the polytropic indexes of the quiet time and the substorm time CPS ions, which suggests that the thinning and thickening processes of plasma sheet during substorm times do not change obviously the polytropic relation of the CPS ions. The statistical analysis using different δ (δ < 0.05, 0.025, and 0.01) shows that the outward emission of electromagnetic energy is an effective cooling mechanism and can make the polytropic index to decrease and shift toward isobaric. It is inferred that the CPS ions as a whole much likely behave in a way between isobaric and isothermal.
Bright 30 THz impulsive solar bursts
Authors: Kaufmann P. , White S. M. , Marcon R. , Kudaka A. S. , Cabezas D. P. , Cassiano M. M. , Francile C. , Fernandes L. O. T. , Hidalgo Ramirez R. F. , Luoni M. , Marun A. , Pereyra P. , de Souza R. V.
Published: May 2015

Impulsive 30 THz continuum bursts have been recently observed in solar flares, utilizing small telescopes with a unique and relatively simple optical setup concept. The most intense burst was observed together with a GOES X2 class event on 27 October 2014, also detected at two subterahertz (sub‐THz) frequencies, Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager X‐rays and Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager and EUV. It exhibits strikingly good correlation in time and in space with white‐light flare emission. It is likely that this association may prove to be very common. All three 30 THz events recently observed exhibited intense fluxes in the range of 104 solar flux units, considerably larger than those measured for the same events at microwave and submillimeter wavelengths. The 30 THz burst emission might be part of the same spectral burst component found at sub‐THz frequencies. The 30 THz solar bursts open a promising new window for the study of flares at their origin.
Flow resistance in natural, turbulent channel flows: The need for a fluvial fluid mechanics
Authors: Keylock Christopher J.
Published: May 2015

In fluvial environments, feedbacks among flow, bed forms, sediment, and macrophytes result in a complex fluid dynamics. The assumptions underpinning standard tools in hydraulics are commonly violated and alternative approaches must be formulated. I argue that we should question the assumption that classical notions in fluid mechanics provide the foundations for the techniques of the future. Recent work on turbulent dissipation, interscale modulation of the dynamics, intermittency, and the role of complex forcings is discussed. An agenda for future work is proposed that involves improving our characterization of complex forcings and developing better understanding of the behavior of the velocity gradient tensor in complex, fluvial environments. This leads to the formulation of modeling tools relevant to fluvial fluid mechanics, rather than a reliance on methods developed elsewhere. One avenue by which such methods might be developed is suggested based on the stretched spiral vortex as a baseline topology. This would result in a nonequilibrium model for turbulence that has greater potential to capture the dynamics in which we are interested. Although these ideas are raised in the context of a future fluvial fluid mechanics, they are applicable to any situation where turbulent flows are forced in complicated ways.
Rapidly progressive intracranial artery stenosis in primary antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Seifert Christian L. , Kowarik Markus C. , Thürmel Klaus , Berthele Achim , Prothmann Sascha , Wunderlich Silke
Published: May 2015

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is usually a disease of young adults. In elderly stroke patients APS was not associated with progressive intracerebral stenosis in the past. Here, we report a 65‐year‐old patient who presented with recurrent ischemic strokes associated with progressive stenosis of the right middle cerebral artery. Antiphospholipid antibodies were detected and treatment with plasma exchange, tapered steroids, and anticoagulants was successful. This case demonstrates that APS should be considered also in elderly stroke patients. This is of particular relevance since APS confers a significant risk to angioplasty and stenting procedures which therefore should be avoided in APS.
Underlying Spatial Skills to Support Navigation Through Large, Unconstrained Environments
Authors: Ploran Elisabeth J. , Rovira Ericka , Thompson James C. , Parasuraman Raja
Published: May 2015

Studies of spatial navigation in real‐world settings have been limited to neighborhoods, campuses, and buildings. These locations have structural components, such as roads or hallways, which may direct navigation. The current study assessed navigational skills within a large‐scale forested environment that contained few pre‐established paths. Participants were asked to find flags using only a map and compass; dependent variables included target‐finding accuracy and efficiency. In addition, measurements of sense of direction, strategy, and working memory were taken to identify how these cognitive abilities influence performance. The results demonstrate the expected correlations between sense of direction and navigational success. An unexpected correlation between spatial working memory and navigational success was also found, which was the only significant predictor of performance when all measures were regressed together. These results suggest that studies should not forget basic cognitive abilities, which may predict success more than measures of sense of direction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triblock Copolymers Based on Monohydroxy Polystyrene with Crystallizable Amide Segments: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Vakees E. , Suresh J. , Kayalvizhi M. , Thangaraj V. , Karthik S. , Arun A.
Published: May 2015

Four series of triblock copolymers are studied, which are synthesized by reacting monofunctionalized polystyrene with crystallizable amide segments such as diamide (TΦT and T6T) and tetraamide (T6T6T and T6A6T). The difunctional amide segment consists of two terephthalic groups at the outside (T). The length of the soft segment changed from 1000 to 8000 g/mol using difunctionalized polystyrene (PSt) and thereby the concentration of the hard segment is varied from 35 to 4 wt%. The molecular weight of the triblock copolymer is determined by the inherent viscosity measurement method. The FT‐IR results reveal that the degree of crystallinity of the amide segments in the copolymer is high 79%. The differential scanning calorimetry shows the Tg for amorphous polystyrene and Tm for crystallizable hard segments. Depending on the amide concentration in the copolymer, the diamide and tetraamide melting temperature ranged between 125 to 280°C. All the thermogravimetric data reveal that the polymer shows single‐stage decomposition temperature centered around 410°C. The solvent resistivity of these materials is very high even at a low concentration of (4%) amide content. All the copolymers show low water absorption.
The Effects of Moist Heat Sterilization Process and the Presence of Electrolytes on Rheological and Textural Properties of Hydrophilic Dispersions of Polymers‐Hydrogels
Authors: Tichý Eduard , Murányi Andrej , Pšenková Jana
Published: May 2015

The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of the moist heat sterilization process and the presence of ions in a dispersive medium on the rheological and textural characteristics of various hydrogels. Gelling agents from different groups were tested: synthetic polymers carbomers, alkylated carbomers, polycarbophil, poly(methylvinylether/maleic anhydride) decadiene crosspolymer; semisynthetic polymers methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose; and natural polymers iota and lambda carrageenans, xanthan gum, tragacanth, and agar. Hydrogel samples were prepared in purified water and buffer solution as well containing 25 mM succinic acid and 400 mM sodium chloride with pH 6.2. Samples were autoclaved at 121°C for 20 min. Their structural viscosity, hardness, compressibility, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness were evaluated before treatment, after treatment, and after 1 and 3 months of storage at 40°C. From all tested samples, the hydrogel with the most suitable properties as a carrier for the model protein, recombinant human thrombin, will be chosen.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the dynamics of loop seals in a large‐scale DFB system under hot conditions
Authors: Larsson Anton , Thunman Henrik , Ström Henrik , Sasic Srdjan
Published: May 2015

The dynamics of the loop seals in a large‐scale dual fluidized bed (DFB) system is investigated as a function of variations in the flux of the bed material through the seal and changes in the bed material density. These investigations are performed numerically with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model and experimentally for the loop seals of the Chalmers 2–4 MWth DFB gasifier. Both experiments and simulations show that more of the aeration gas leaves the loop seal in the direction of the solids when a low‐density bed material (silica) is used rather than a high‐density one (bauxite). The simulations also reveal homogeneous fluidization in a vertical connection to the loop seal, whereas an inclined connection yields heterogeneous fluidization. The minor discrepancies between the experiments and simulations with silica are attributed to particle agglomeration, and it is proposed that CFD models applied to loop seals should account for this phenomenon. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3580–3593, 2015
Quantifying seasonal fallback on invertebrates, pith, and bromeliad leaves by white‐faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus) in a tropical dry forest
Authors: Mosdossy Krisztina N. , Melin Amanda D. , Fedigan Linda M.
Published: May 2015

Objectives:

Fallback foods (FBFs) are hypothesized to shape the ecology, morphology, and behavior of primates, including hominins. Identifying FBFs is therefore critical for revealing past and present foraging adaptations. Recent research suggests invertebrates act as seasonal FBFs for many primate species and human populations. Yet, studies measuring the consumption of invertebrates relative to ecological variation are widely lacking. We address this gap by examining food abundance and entomophagy by primates in a seasonal forest.

Materials and Methods:

We study foraging behavior of white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus)—a species renowned for its intelligence and propensity for extractive foraging—along with the abundance of invertebrates, dietary ripe fruits, pith, and bromeliads. Consumption events and processing time are recorded during focal animal samples. We determine abundance of vegetative foods through phenological and density records. Invertebrates are collected in malaise, pan, and terrestrial traps; caterpillar abundance is inferred from frass traps.

Results:

Invertebrates are abundant throughout the year and capuchins consume invertebrates—including caterpillars—frequently when fruit is abundant. However, capuchins spend significantly more time processing protected invertebrates when fruit and caterpillars are low in abundance.

Discussion:

Invertebrate foraging patterns are not uniform. Caterpillar consumption is consistent with a preferred strategy, whereas capuchins appear to fallback on invertebrates requiring high handling time. Capuchins are convergent with hominins in possessing large brains and high levels of sensorimotor intelligence, thus our research has broad implications for primate evolution, including factors shaping cognitive innovations, brain size, and the role of entomophagy in the human diet. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:67–77, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Starch‐poly(acrylamide‐co‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid) graft copolymers prepared by reactive extrusion
Authors: Willett Julious L. , Finkenstadt Victoria L.
Published: May 2015

Graft copolymers of starch with acrylamide and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) were prepared by reactive extrusion in a twin‐screw extruder. The weight ratio of total monomer to starch was fixed at 1 : 3, while the molar fraction of AMPS in the monomer feed ranged from 0 to 0.119. Monomer to polymer conversions were 85% or greater, with grafting efficiencies of 68% (highest AMPS content) to 85% (no AMPS). Absorbency in distilled water at pH 7 increased linearly with the mole fraction AMPS in the grafted polymer, while absorbencies in 0.9% NaCl were independent of AMPS content. When swollen in water/ethanol mixtures, swelling decreased gradually with increasing ethanol volume fraction, followed by a large decrease over a narrow ethanol concentration. This behavior is similar to that observed for AMPS‐acrylamide gels. The swelling properties suggest these graft copolymers may have applications as responsive materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42405.
Host cell proteins in biotechnology‐derived products: A risk assessment framework
Authors: de Zafra Christina L. Zuch , Quarmby Valerie , Francissen Kathleen , Vanderlaan Martin , Zhu‐Shimoni Judith
Published: May 2015

To manufacture biotechnology products, mammalian or bacterial cells are engineered for the production of recombinant therapeutic human proteins including monoclonal antibodies. Host cells synthesize an entire repertoire of proteins which are essential for their own function and survival. Biotechnology manufacturing processes are designed to produce recombinant therapeutics with a very high degree of purity. While there is typically a low residual level of host cell protein in the final drug product, under some circumstances a host cell protein(s) may copurify with the therapeutic protein and, if it is not detected and removed, it may become an unintended component of the final product. The purpose of this article is to enumerate and discuss factors to be considered in an assessment of risk of residual host cell protein(s) detected and identified in the drug product. The consideration of these factors and their relative ranking will lead to an overall risk assessment that informs decision‐making around how to control the levels of host cell proteins. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2284–2291. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Process boundaries of irreversible scCO2‐assisted phase separation in biphasic whole‐cell biocatalysis
Authors: Brandenbusch Christoph , Glonke Sebastian , Collins Jonathan , Hoffrogge Raimund , Grunwald Klaudia , Bühler Bruno , Schmid Andreas , Sadowski Gabriele
Published: May 2015

The formation of stable emulsions in biphasic biotransformations catalyzed by microbial cells turned out to be a major hurdle for industrial implementation. Recently, a cost‐effective and efficient downstream processing approach, using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) for both irreversible emulsion destabilization (enabling complete phase separation within minutes of emulsion treatment) and product purification via extraction has been proposed by Brandenbusch et al. (2010). One of the key factors for a further development and scale‐up of the approach is the understanding of the mechanism underlying scCO2‐assisted phase separation. A systematic approach was applied within this work to investigate the various factors influencing phase separation during scCO2 treatment (that is pressure, exposure of the cells to CO2, and changes of cell surface properties). It was shown that cell toxification and cell disrupture are not responsible for emulsion destabilization. Proteins from the aqueous phase partially adsorb to cells present at the aqueous‐organic interface, causing hydrophobic cell surface characteristics, and thus contribute to emulsion stabilization. By investigating the change in cell‐surface hydrophobicity of these cells during CO2 treatment, it was found that a combination of catastrophic phase inversion and desorption of proteins from the cell surface is responsible for irreversible scCO2 mediated phase separation. These findings are essential for the definition of process windows for scCO2‐assisted phase separation in biphasic whole‐cell biocatalysis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2316–2323. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
‘Meet Me Halfway’ : Socio‐cultural Adaptation and Perceived Contact Willingness of Host Nationals as Predictors of Immigrants' Threat Perceptions
Authors: Mähönen Tuuli Anna , Jasinskaja‐Lahti Inga
Published: May 2015

This three‐wave study investigated the interplay between perceived socio‐cultural adaptation and perceived willingness of the majority group to engage in contact, when predicting realistic and symbolic threats perceived by ethnic migrants from Russia to Finland. To sum up our key findings, the less immigrants perceived difficulties in socio‐cultural adaptation soon after migration, the more positive were their later perceptions of the majority group members' contact willingness. Majority's perceived contact willingness was associated with lower levels of perceived realistic threats, and perceived contact willingness and perceived socio‐cultural adaptation were both associated with lower levels of perceived symbolic threats. As regards practical implications of our findings for culturally diverse communities, equal efforts should be made to help newcomers' socio‐cultural adaptation and to support their positive intergroup interactions with majority group members. That way, the beneficial impact of both of these factors on immigrant integration could be maximized. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural Insight into the Complex of Ferredoxin and [FeFe] Hydrogenase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Rumpel Sigrun , Siebel Judith F. , Diallo Mamou , Farès Christophe , Reijerse Edward J. , Lubitz Wolfgang
Published: May 2015

The transfer of photosynthetic electrons by the ferredoxin PetF to the [FeFe] hydrogenase HydA1 in the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a key step in hydrogen production. Electron delivery requires a specific interaction between PetF and HydA1. However, because of the transient nature of the electron‐transfer complex, a crystal structure remains elusive. Therefore, we performed protein–protein docking based on new experimental data from a solution NMR spectroscopy investigation of native and gallium‐substituted PetF. This provides valuable information about residues crucial for complex formation and electron transfer. The derived complex model might help to pinpoint residue substitution targets for improved hydrogen production.
Successful treatment of a noninhibitory antibody‐mediated acquired factor X deficiency in a patient with marginal‐zone lymphoma
Authors: Meenhuis Annemarie , van Vliet Rianne , Hudig Francisca , Ypma Paula F. , Schipperus Martin R. , Hollestelle Martine J.
Published: May 2015

Key Clinical Message

Prolonged clotting times were observed in a patient with spontaneous hemorrhage. Analysis showed severe factor X deficiency due to clearance by a noninhibitory antibody. Lymphadenopathy identified on imaging led to diagnosis of marginal B‐cell lymphoma. Treatment of lymphoma with rituximab and chlorambucil resulted in complete disappearance of the bleeding disorder.
Structured illumination microscopy reveals focal adhesions are composed of linear subunits
Authors: Hu Shiqiong , Tee Yee‐Han , Kabla Alexandre , Zaidel‐Bar Ronen , Bershadsky Alexander , Hersen Pascal
Published: May 2015

The ability to mechanically interact with the extracellular matrix is a fundamental feature of adherent eukaryotic cells. Cell–matrix adhesion in many cell types is mediated by protein complexes called focal adhesions (FAs). Recent progress in super resolution microscopy revealed FAs possess an internal organization, yet such methods do not enable observation of the formation and dynamics of their internal structure in living cells. Here, we combine structured illumination microscopy (SIM) with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF) to show that the proteins inside FA patches are distributed along elongated subunits, typically 300 ± 100 nm wide, separated by 400 ± 100 nm, and individually connected to actin cables. We further show that the formation and dynamics of these linear subunits are intimately linked to radial actin fiber formation and actomyosin contractility. We found FA growth to be the result of nucleation of new linear subunits and their coordinated elongation. Taken together, this study reveals that the basic units of mature focal adhesion are 300‐nm‐wide elongated, dynamic structures. We anticipate this ultrastructure to be relevant to investigation of the function of FAs and their behavior in response to mechanical stress. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Xenopus TACC1 is a microtubule plus‐end tracking protein that can regulate microtubule dynamics during embryonic development
Authors: Lucaj Christopher M. , Evans Matthew F. , Nwagbara Belinda U. , Ebbert Patrick T. , Baker Charlie C. , Volk Joseph G. , Francl Andrew F. , Ruvolo Sean P. , Lowery Laura Anne
Published: May 2015

Microtubule plus‐end dynamics are regulated by a family of proteins called plus‐end tracking proteins (+TIPs). We recently demonstrated that the transforming acidic coiled‐coil (TACC) domain family member, TACC3, can function as a +TIP to regulate microtubule dynamics in Xenopus laevis embryonic cells. Although it has been previously reported that TACC3 is the only TACC family member that exists in Xenopus, our examination of its genome determined that Xenopus, like all other vertebrates, contains three TACC family members. Here, we investigate the localization and function of Xenopus TACC1, the founding member of the TACC family. We demonstrate that it can act as a +TIP to regulate microtubule dynamics, and that the conserved C‐terminal TACC domain is required for its localization to plus‐ends. We also show that, in Xenopus embryonic mesenchymal cells, TACC1 and TACC3 are each required for maintaining normal microtubule growth speed but exhibit some functional redundancy in the regulation of microtubule growth lifetime. Given the conservation of TACC1 in Xenopus and other vertebrates, we propose that Xenopus laevis is a useful system to investigate unexplored cell biological functions of TACC1 and other TACC family members in the regulation of microtubule dynamics. © 2015 The Authors. Cytoskeleton, Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.