bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Educational Supervision and Quality Assurance: A Case Study in Suye Secondary School
Authors: Faustino Anagrolia , Muneja Mussa S.
Published: August 2023

The paper highlighted the meaning of supervision, including supervision of instruction. It mirrored the purposes of supervision and the qualities of a supervisor. The impediments to effective supervision were highlighted through a qualitative method with interviews. Suye Secondary School is the case study, with the teachers as the respondents. The paper further established the meaning of quality assurance and the relationship between instructional supervision and quality assurance. The study finds out that quality assurance can only be guaranteed and the purposes of secondary education achieved under fertile conditions, one of which is effective supervision of instruction in Tanzanian secondary schools. The following are recommended: Head teachers and teachers who have many years of field experience should be used as supervisors. The question of handling different teachers differently in the name of favouritism should be checked by supervisors, as this does not promote merit. Bumper incentives should be provided to encourage the supervisors. This should come in the form of fat salaries and allowances. It also checks for corrupt tendencies among supervisors. The provision of requisite materials that aid their work, including adequate transportation for both urban and rural areas, should be a top priority.
Estimation of Fecundity and Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) of Somileptes gongota (Hamilton, 1822) from the River Padma in Rajshahi District, Bangladesh
Authors: Datta Sree Raton Kumar , Miah Md. Idris , Islam Md. Rakibul , Talukdar Anik , Rahman Md. Hashibur , Alam Mohammad Ashraful , Flura  , Moniruzzaman Md. , Sultana Sharmin
Published: August 2023

The study focused on assessing the fecundity and gonadosomatic index (GSI) of the Gongota Loach species, scientifically known as Somileptes gongota, during the period spanning from April 2019 to March 2020. The fecundity of S. gongota exhibited a range of values, spanning from 3375 to 73459.75. Out of a total of 36 specimens, 16 were identified as male while 20 were identified as female. The typical length of female specimens varies between 5.4 cm and 12.5 cm, with a corresponding body weight range of 3.72g to 19.52g. The recorded mean GSI values for the twelve-month period from April to March were as follows: 0.158, 0.231, 0.225, 0.242, 0.176, 0.00, 0.00, 0.13, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, and 0.134. The lowest mean GSI value of 0.00 was observed during the months of September, October, December, January, and February. Conversely, the highest mean GSI value of 0.242 was recorded in the month of July. According to the monthly mean GSI of female individuals, the observed spawning season for this species spanned from April to July throughout the duration of the study, with the peak season occurring in July. The highest recorded level of fecundity was observed in the month of July, reaching a value of 73459.75. Conversely, the lowest level of fecundity was recorded in August, with a value of 3375. The study revealed a significant correlation between fecundity and body weight, as represented by the equation F=4.51BW-40115, with a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.835. The observed fecundity values varied between 3375 and 73459.75, while the corresponding body weights ranged from 3.72g to 19.52g. The correlation between fecundity and standard length was determined to be F=0.012 SL3.628 (r2=0.794). The results of the regression analysis revealed a cubic relationship between fecundity and standard length, as well as a linear relationship between fecundity and body weight. A comprehensive understanding of fecundity and gonadosomatic index (GSI) is imperative for effective fish management.
Brand Equity, Website Quality and M-Commerce Adoption: An Extended Tam Study in the Apparel Industry
Authors: Akasreku Frank , Mensah Kobby , Amenuvor Fortune Edem , Adingo Stephen A. , Nkukpornu Atsu
Published: August 2023

The present study draws on the extended Technology Acceptance Model to empirically examine the effects of website quality and brand equity on consumers' perceptions and behavioural intentions on utilizing apparel m-commerce. Data is collected from 421 Ghanaian customers and analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique. The study finds that website quality and brand equity are germane to consumers' perceptions of the usefulness and ease of use of websites, which in turn influence their attitudes and behavioural intentions to adopt apparel m-commerce. The study also discovers that Covid-19 moderates the relationship between perceived usefulness and customers' behavioural intention to use apparel m-commerce. The study provides managerial and theoretical insights into understanding TAM2, brand equity, website quality, and consumers' propensity to shop for apparels on mobile platforms.
Effect of Different Level of Sugar and Yeast on Production and Quality Attributes of Apple Cider (Malus x domestica) cv. Royal Delicious
Authors: Wangmo Norzin , Mishra Saket , Singh Ravi Kumar
Published: August 2023

An apple is a comestible fruit produced by an apple tree (Malus x domestica Borkh). Cider is generally defined as an alcoholic libation attained by stirring apple juice. Cider product also plays a promising part in the apple fruit assiduity and the libation assiduity. The present trial was carried out during 2022 in Post- Harvest Laboratory of Department of Horticulture, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The trial was conducted in Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with 9 treatments, replicated thrice. The treatments were T1- Apple Juice( 500 ml) Sugar( 100 gm) incitement (0.5 gm), T2- Apple Juice( 500 ml) Sugar (100 gm) incitement (1.0 gm), T3- Apple Juice( 500 ml) Sugar (100 gm) incitement (1.5 gm), T4- Apple Juice (500 ml) Sugar (150 gm) incitement (0.5 gm), T5- Apple Juice (500 ml) Sugar (150 gm) incitement (1.0 gm), T6- Apple Juice (500 ml) Sugar (150 gm) incitement (1.5 gm), T7- Apple Juice (500 ml) Sugar (200 gm) incitement (0.5 gm), T8- Apple Juice (500 ml) Sugar (200 gm) incitement(1.0 gm) and T9- Apple Juice (500 ml) Sugar (200 gm) incitement(1.5 gm). From the present exploration it's set up that treatment T4- Apple Juice (500 ml) Sugar (150 gm) incitement (0.5 gm), was set up superior in respect of the parameters TSS (° brix), Acidity (%), pH, Alcohol content (%), Ascorbic acid (mg/ 100 ml) Color and Appearance, Flavor and Taste, Texture and Overall Acceptability.
Biometric Assessment of Cyprinus carpio var. Communis from Anchar Lake of Kashmir Valley
Authors: Tariq Shazia , Shah Tasaduq H. , Bhat Farooz A. , Abubakr Adnan , Bhat Bilal A. , Bhat Tariq H. , Malik Rizwana , Chashoo Hafsa Farooq
Published: August 2023

Morphometric analysis have proven to be a useful tool for studying fish species, population and races. It is a basic fundamental tool for attaining information on development of organisms, systematics, growth, variation and morphology. The present study was carried out in Anchar lake of Srinagar Kashmir to analyze morphometric measurements of Cyprinus carpio var. communis. About 120 specimens of Cyprinus carpio var. communis was collected randomly from different zones of the water body. The morphometric characters were classified into genetically controlled (narrow range), intermediate (moderate range) and environmentally (vast range) controlled characters. In percentage of total length out of fourteen 14 morphometric characters 5 were genetically controlled, 2 characters were intermediate and 7 characters were environmentally controlled. The relationship between the different morphometric characters was found to be linear with most of them being highly significant (p<0.01). The study concluded that the environmentally controlled characters were maximum, which indicates that these characters are less stable in nature.
Effect of Seed Priming with Plant Growth Regulators on Growth Parameters, Biochemical Changes of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Tripathi Deepak , Yadav Niraj , Shahi Shikha , Yadav R. K.
Published: August 2023

The investigation entitled “Effect of seed priming with plant growth regulators on growth parameters, biochemical changes of rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was conducted during kharif season, 2018 at Student Instructional Farm (SIF) of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya-224 229 (U.P.) in randomized block design with eight treatments and three replications on rice variety Sarju-52.The treatments were comprised of priming with plant growth regulators of different concentrations viz salicylic acid (50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm), KNO3 (1%, 1.5% and 2%) along with unprimed control and hydro-priming. Seed priming was done for 12 hours in different treatments and nursery was raised. Twenty one days old seedlings were transplanted. Observations were recorded on various growth parameters at 30, 60, 90 DAT such as leaf area index (LAI), relative water content (RWC), biochemical parameters like chlorophyll content (SPAD Value), catalase activity (EU mg-1 protein min-1), total soluble sugar (mg g-1 dry weight), at harvest stages. All the plant growth regulators viz salicylic acid (50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm) and KNO3 (1%, 1.5% and 2%) influenced positively on the growth characters, chlorophyll content, & yield content in rice crop. Seed priming of KNO3 @ 2% was found superior followed by salicylic acid 150 ppm over rest of the treatments.
Influence of Potassium and Spacing on Yield and Economics of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Ray Asmita , Singh Rajesh
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi of 2022-23 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. To study the Response of potassium and spacing on growth and yield of Mustard. The treatments consist of potassium 30,40,50 kg/ha and spacing 25 x 10 cm, 35 x 10 cm, and 45 x 10 cm. There were 9 treatments each replicated thrice. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%) available N (163.42 kg/ha), available P (21.96 kg/ha) and available K (256.48 kg/ha). Results revealed that the significantly higher number of siliqua per plant (276), higher seeds/siliqua (16.54), higher oil content (44.03%), higher seed yield (2.33 t/ha) and higher stover yield (3.53 t/ha) were significantly influenced with application of potassium 50 kg/ha +spacing 45 x 10 cm. Higher gross returns (INR 116616/ha), higher net returns (INR 85013/ha) and higher B:C ratio (2.69) were also recorded in treatment-9 (Potassium 50 kg/ha +Spacing 45 x 10 cm).
Monitoring Studies of Arthropod Complex Fauna Associated with Rapeseed- Mustard Crop Grown in Kashmir Himalayas
Authors: Sofi Muneer Ahmad , Rather Bashir , Dar Mushtaq , Hakeem Shafeeq , Rasool Faisul , Ahmad Latief , Hussain Aamir , Nisa Bismat Un
Published: August 2023

Kashmir has quietly undergone a yellow revolution as thousands of hectares of land have been brought under mustard cultivation to double the farmers' income. Earlier, most of the land in Kashmir was used only for growing a single crop -- paddy in most areas but now farmers are rotating crops in Kharif and Rabi seasons just like in other parts of the country. There is still many challlanges which are hurdle in high production goal. Insect biodiversity is associated with the quantity and type of host plants available, environmental factors, and their physiological state. Arthropod complex of mustard was studied and about eight species of insects-pests at Mountain Research centre for field crops (MRCFC) during Rabi 2020 -21 was recorded. It has been observed that the mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt., persists constantly in a sizable population and causes substantial crop damage from the blossoming to the maturity stage. Phyllotreta cruciferae Goeze (flea beetle) occurred at the seedling stage, and Carpocoris sp. (shield bug) caused little harm to the crop from the seedling to the maturity stage. Leaves have been only infested by cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae, mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.), and mustard leaf miner, Chromatomyia horticola, and they been detected in sporadic, low-population occurrences. Among them, Brevicoryne brassicae is found at flowering stage. Pieris brassicae, the cabbage butterfly, occurs sporadically and with high abundance. The status of all eight insect-pests on Brassica species was observed as minor with irregular occurrence while L. erysimi as a regular key pest.six Insect pollinators were recorded during the bloom period of the crop.
Combining Ability Studies on Yield and Yield Related Traits in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Reddy B. Rajasekhar , Singh Anil K. , Pal A. K. , Reddy G. Eswara
Published: August 2023

Aim: The present study was conducted to generate information regarding the general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), genetic parameters and GCA and SCA variances in tomato.

Study Design: The parents and F1s were laid out in Randomized block design with 3 replications.

Place and Duration of Study: The present study was conducted at research farm of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Crosses were generated in Line x Tester design and resultant F1, F2 and parents were evaluated.

Methodology: After genetic diversity evaluation, ten genotypes were selected and used as females which were crossed with three other selected genotypes used as males in Line × Tester mating design followed by evaluation of their F1 hybrids along with parents.

Results: The study concluded that Pant T-3 was a good general combiner for plant height, days to 50% flowering and days to first fruit set, Kashi Amrit was a good general combiner for number of primay branches/plant, CO-3 was a good general combiner for number of flower clusters/plant, number of flowers/cluster and number of fruits/plant, H-86 was a good general combiner for number of fruits/cluster, Fla 7171 was a good general combiner for fruit length, fruit width and fruit weight. Based on sca effects best specific combiner for plant height and fruit yield was Punjab Upma × Azad T-5. The ratio of σ2gca/σ2sca is less than unity for all characters except fruit shape index which also indicated the preponderance of non additive genetic variance. High heritability (>60%) combined with high genetic advance (>20%) was observed for fruit yield, number of primary branches/plant, plant height, number of flower clusters/plant, number of flowers/cluster, fruit weight, number of fruits/cluster, number of fruits/plant. These traits can be improved by simple selection in tomato breeding programme.

Conclusion: From the study it was concluded that best general combiners for various yield and yield related traits were Pant T-3, Kashi Amrit, CO-3, H-86 and Fla 7171. Based on sca best specific combiner for plant height and fruit yield was Punjab Upma × Azad T-5.
Histological Evaluation of Mandibular Condyle after Jaw Protrusive Stimulation in Rats
Authors: Otoni Rejane Pereira , Andrade Pedro Figueiredo Pereira , Pereira Wagner de Fatima , Pereira Alice Silva , Santos Carolina Carvalho de Oliveira , Fonseca-Silva Thiago
Published: August 2023

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the cytological and histological behavior of the condyle of rats after mandibular advancement.

Materials and Methods: Thirty male Holtzman rats were randomly divided into three experimental and three control groups, with five animals each, aged five, nine, and thirteen weeks. The animals received flat tracks on the upper and lower incisors made of photopolymerizable composite resin, which resulted in the protrusion of the mandible. After thirty days, the animals were euthanized, the mandibles were dissected and photographed, the condyles were demineralized, paraffinized, sectioned, and stained in H&E. Cytological and histological analysis were performed using a light microscope. The collected data were tabulated using the SPSS 17.0 for Windows software and the Student's “t” test was used to compare the data.

Results: In the experimental group there was an increase in the number of cells in the proliferative layer and the mandibular size in five-week rats; increased number of fibrous layer cells in nine-week-old rats; and an increase in the proliferative layer in thirteen-week-old rats.

Conclusion: The protrusion of the mandible in rats of five, nine, and thirteen weeks of age promoted an increase in cell and area in different layers of the condyle. However, further studies are needed to better understand the adaptive responses generated in the condyle resulting from functional orthopedic stimuli.
The Effect of Farm Accessibility and Market Proximity on Farmer Efficiency in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Balogun T. A. , Adamu M. O. , Balogun O. A.
Published: August 2023

The effect of farm accessibility and market proximity on the farmer’s food production capacity remains unclear. The main concern is how farmers' productive ability is influenced by market-farms accessibility and proximity. Optimal food production is contingent on the ease of accessibility to purchase farming inputs and an enabling environment for farmers to maximize their benefits. As important as the accessibility vis-à-vis facilitating farmers’ movement from farm to market in the agricultural production process, the required attention is lacking in the scheme to reposition agriculture and promote food self-sufficiency. Previous studies examined the market location outside the present study area and they did not examine farmers’ technical efficiency and its determinant. This paper used remote sensing and GIS technique and a parametric model to first examine the location pattern of the agricultural input market and estimated farmers’ technical efficiency and its determinants. The Nearest Neighbor Index (NNI) of 2.15 and a z score of 5.41 revealed a proximity differential in the location of agricultural input markets indicating that the markets are dispersed and not equidistant from the farmlands. In addition, the efficiency estimation did not return labour as a significant variable, however, herbicide, fertilizer, and the size of farmland cultivated were significant in reducing farmers' inefficiency. It emerged age and access to credit significantly reduced the inefficiency of the farmer's production process. The outcome of the study suggests more use of GIS and RS to solve agricultural challenges; improving accessibility by tarring more roads; intensely training farmers before loan disbursement and paying attention to variables promoting inefficiency among farmers to ensure the optimal deployment/allocation of their resources to achieve optimal production and efficiency in the study area.
manifesto revolucionário haitiano?
Authors: Popkin Jeremy D. , Mello Marcelo Moura , Bulamah Rodrigo C.
Published: August 2023

Transcrição, traduzida para o português, da “Lettre de Jean-François, Biassou et Belair”, introduzida pela tradução do artigo:
Jeremy D. Popkin, “A Haitian Revolutionary Manifesto? New Perspectives on the ‘Letter of Jean-François, Biassou, and Belair’”, Slavery and Abolition, v. 43, n. 1 (2021), pp. 3-19.
Em busca da África na cartografia europeia das Luzes
Authors: Kantor Iris
Published: August 2023

Resenha de:FURTADO, Júnia. O quebra-cabeças africano: como um embaixador português, um geógrafo francês, um escritor inglês e um pirata imaginário transformaram a cartografia da África e abriram as portas para o imperialismo. Belo Horizonte: Miguilim, 2022. 509 p.
grande história de resistência e liberdade
Authors: Alves-Melo Patricia
Published: August 2023

Resenha de:FUNES, Eurípedes. Nasci nas matas, nunca tive senhor: história e memória dos mocambos do Baixo Amazonas. Fortaleza: Plebeu Gabinete de Leitura, 2022. 495 p.
História das relações de gênero, história global e escravidão atlântica
Authors: Paton Diana , Mariano Caroline da Silva , Sousa Caroline Passarini , Canelas Letícia Gregório
Published: August 2023

A conexão entre os estudos sobre reprodução social e capitalismo racial mostra que a história global da escravidão atlântica é uma história de gênero; e a história de gênero da escravidão atlântica é uma história global. Abordar particularmente o trabalho reprodutivo, em todas as suas formas, e a centralidade das relações de gênero na transmissão de propriedade e status possibilita uma maior compreensão da escravidão atlântica como um aspecto extremamente importante da história global moderna. De fato, sem atentar às relações de gênero e especificamente ao trabalho reprodutivo, a história global da escravidão atlântica será inevitavel mente parcial e incompleta. O trabalho reprodutivo das mulheres na África, assim como nas Américas, deve ser entendido como parte integrante do desenvolvimento da escravidão atlântica e, portanto, do capitalismo racial.
Aspirin for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in 51 Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries
Authors: Yoo Sang Gune K. , Chung Grace S. , Bahendeka Silver K. , Sibai Abla M. , Damasceno Albertino , Farzadfar Farshad , Rohloff Peter , Houehanou Corine , Norov Bolormaa , Karki Khem B. , Azangou-Khyavy Mohammadreza , Marcus Maja E. , Aryal Krishna K. , Brant Luisa C. C. , Theilmann Michaela , Cífková Renata , Lunet Nuno , Gurung Mongal S. , Mwangi Joseph Kibachio , Martins Joao , Haghshenas Rosa , Sturua Lela , Vollmer Sebastian , Bärnighausen Till , Atun Rifat , Sussman Jeremy B. , Singh Kavita , Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar , Guwatudde David , Geldsetzer Pascal , Manne-Goehler Jennifer , Huffman Mark D. , Davies Justine I. , Flood David
Published: August 2023

Importance

Aspirin is an effective and low-cost option for reducing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and improving mortality rates among individuals with established CVD. To guide efforts to mitigate the global CVD burden, there is a need to understand current levels of aspirin use for secondary prevention of CVD.

Objective

To report and evaluate aspirin use for secondary prevention of CVD across low-, middle-, and high-income countries.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Cross-sectional analysis using pooled, individual participant data from nationally representative health surveys conducted between 2013 and 2020 in 51 low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Included surveys contained data on self-reported history of CVD and aspirin use. The sample of participants included nonpregnant adults aged 40 to 69 years.

Exposures

Countries’ per capita income levels and world region; individuals’ socioeconomic demographics.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Self-reported use of aspirin for secondary prevention of CVD.

Results

The overall pooled sample included 124 505 individuals. The median age was 52 (IQR, 45-59) years, and 50.5% (95% CI, 49.9%-51.1%) were women. A total of 10 589 individuals had a self-reported history of CVD (8.2% [95% CI, 7.7%-8.6%]). Among individuals with a history of CVD, aspirin use for secondary prevention in the overall pooled sample was 40.3% (95% CI, 37.6%-43.0%). By income group, estimates were 16.6% (95% CI, 12.4%-21.9%) in low-income countries, 24.5% (95% CI, 20.8%-28.6%) in lower-middle-income countries, 51.1% (95% CI, 48.2%-54.0%) in upper-middle-income countries, and 65.0% (95% CI, 59.1%-70.4%) in high-income countries.

Conclusion and Relevance

Worldwide, aspirin is underused in secondary prevention, particularly in low-income countries. National health policies and health systems must develop, implement, and evaluate strategies to promote aspirin therapy.
Transition to Reusable Surgical Gowns at a Hospital System
Authors: Yap Ava , Wang Kaiyi , Cornejo John , Chen Evan , Pierce Logan , Wick Elizabeth , Gandhi Seema
Published: August 2023

This quality improvement study investigates the feasibility of transitioning back to reusable surgical gowns at a US tertiary hospital system and projected corresponding cost savings and solid waste reduction.
Effect of a Mediterranean Diet or Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction During Pregnancy on Child Neurodevelopment
Authors: Crovetto Francesca , Nakaki Ayako , Arranz Angela , Borras Roger , Vellvé Kilian , Paules Cristina , Boutet Maria Laura , Castro-Barquero Sara , Freitas Tania , Casas Rosa , Martín-Asuero Andrés , Oller Guzmán Teresa , Morilla Ivette , Martínez-Àran Anabel , Camacho Alba , Pasqual Mireia , Izquierdo Renau Montserrat , Pozo Óscar J. , Gomez-Gomez Alex , Estruch Ramon , Vieta Eduard , Crispi Fàtima , Gratacós Eduard
Published: August 2023

Importance

Maternal suboptimal nutrition and high stress levels are associated with adverse fetal and childhood neurodevelopment.

Objective

To test the hypothesis that structured interventions based on a Mediterranean diet or mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) during pregnancy improve child neurodevelopment at age 2 years.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a prespecified analysis of the parallel-group Improving Mothers for a Better Prenatal Care Trial Barcelona (IMPACT BCN) randomized clinical trial, which was conducted at a university hospital in Barcelona, Spain, from February 2017 to March 2020. A total of 1221 singleton pregnancies (19 to 23 weeks’ gestation) with high risk of delivering newborns who were small for gestational age were randomly allocated into 3 groups: a Mediterranean diet intervention, an MBSR program, or usual care. A postnatal evaluation with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition (Bayley-III), was performed. Data were analyzed from July to November 2022.

Interventions

Participants in the Mediterranean diet group received monthly individual and group educational sessions and free provision of extra virgin olive oil and walnuts. Those in the stress reduction group underwent an 8-week MBSR program adapted for pregnancy. Individuals in the usual care group received pregnancy care per institutional protocols.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Neurodevelopment in children was assessed by Bayley-III at 24 months of corrected postnatal age.

Results

A total of 626 children (293 [46.8%] female and 333 [53.2%] male) participated at a mean (SD) age of 24.8 (2.9) months. No differences were observed in the baseline characteristics between intervention groups. Compared with children from the usual care group, children in the Mediterranean diet group had higher scores in the cognitive domain (β, 5.02; 95% CI, 1.52-8.53; P = .005) and social-emotional domain (β, 5.15; 95% CI, 1.18-9.12; P = .01), whereas children from the stress reduction group had higher scores in the social-emotional domain (β, 4.75; 95% CI, 0.54-8.85; P = .02).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this prespecified analysis of a randomized clinical trial, maternal structured lifestyle interventions during pregnancy based on a Mediterranean diet or MBSR significantly improved child neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 2 years.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03166332
KLF12 transcriptionally regulates PD‐L1 expression in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Pan Xiaohui , Zhang Wenxin , Wang Longsheng , Guo Hongjie , Zheng Mingming , Wu Honghai , Weng Qinjie , He Qiaojun , Ding Ling , Yang Bo
Published: August 2023

Recent studies have pointed to the role of Krüpple‐like factor 12 (KLF12) in cancer‐associated processes, including cancer proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. However, the role of KLF12 in tumor immunity remains obscure. Here, we found that KLF12 expression was significantly higher in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells with higher programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression. Additionally, a positive correlation between KLF12 and PD‐L1 was observed in clinical patient tumor tissues. By chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis, KLF12 was identified to bind to the CACCC motif of the PD‐L1 promoter. Overexpression of KLF12 promoted PD‐L1 transcription, whereas silencing of KLF12 inhibited PD‐L1 transcription. Furthermore, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)‐ and STAT3‐triggered PD‐L1 transcription was abolished in the absence of KLF12, and KLF12 knockdown weakened the binding of STAT1 and STAT3 to the PD‐L1 promoter. Mechanistically, KLF12 physically interacted with P300, a histone acetyltransferase. In addition, KLF12 silencing reduced P300 binding to the PD‐L1 promoter, which subsequently caused decreased acetylation of histone H3. PD‐L1 transcription driven by KLF12 overexpression was eliminated by EP300 silencing. In immunocompetent mice, KLF12 knockout inhibited tumor growth and promoted infiltration of CD8+ T cells. However, this phenomenon was not observed in immunodeficient mice. Overall, this study reveals KLF12‐mediated transcriptional regulation of PD‐L1 in NSCLC; targeting KLF12 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
Direct and indirect effects of food, fear and management on crop damage by ungulates
Authors: Widén Anna , Cromsigt Joris P. G. M. , Dressel Sabrina , Felton Annika M. , Singh Navinder J. , Widemo Fredrik
Published: August 2023

Foraging on crops by wild ungulates may create human–wildlife conflicts through reducing crop production. Ungulates interact with and within complex socio‐ecological systems, making the reduction of crop damage a challenging task. Aside from ungulate densities, crop damage is influenced by different drivers affecting ungulate foraging behaviour: food availability and food quality in the landscape (i.e. the foodscape) as well as fear from hunting and scaring actions (i.e. the landscape of fear) may together affect the degree of damage via both direct and indirect effects. A better understanding of the individual effects of these potential drivers behind crop damage is needed, as is an appreciation of whether the effects are dependent on ungulate density.

We investigated this by applying path analysis to test indirect and direct links between ungulate density, foodscape, landscape of fear and human management goals on crop damage of oats and grass, respectively.

Our results suggest that crop type is the major driver behind crop damage, with more damage to oats than to leys, implying that human decisions (i.e. changing crop type) influence the level of crop damage.

We found that management goals and actions influenced the foodscape and the landscape of fear, by affecting the amount of forage produced in the agricultural landscape and the amount of scaring actions. Additionally, we found that supplementary feeding influenced the local ungulate densities in the area.

Our results highlight the importance of including human actions on multiple levels when assessing drivers behind damage by ungulates in managed landscapes. We suggest that more studies using path analysis on multiple scales are needed in order to tackle complex issues, such as crop damage and other human–wildlife conflicts.
Research on adaptive dispatching of power system considering reserve energy storage and cost
Authors: Wang Wenzhuo , Wang Zhiwei , Liu Xin , Li Wujing , Li Qiufang , Zhang Yagang , Chen Qianchang , Guo Shuyu , Xu Zhi
Published: August 2023

The power system (PS) has the problem of grid connection of energy storage (ES) system. When the ES of the communication base station (BS) is associated with the power grid, relevant control strategies are formulated to schedule the base station energy storage (BSES). The total cost required during the scheduling period is determined using the lease income model. In the dispatching process, the BSES is applied to the peak load shifting (PLS) dispatching and economic dispatching of the PS. It is optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and improved bare bone particle swarm optimization (BBPSO) algorithm. The constructed rental income model is used to calculate the total cost required during the scheduling period. In the dispatching, the BSES is applied to the PLS dispatching and economic dispatching of the PS. This model is optimized by PSO algorithm and improved BBPSO algorithm. The findings indicate that the BSES has good PLS capability. The larger the BS is, the more obvious the charging and discharging situation is. When the time is 4 h, the output load of 150,000 BSES is 486.67 MW, 341.14 MW more than that of 100,000 BSs. The discharge depth affects the lease cost, and the best discharge depth is 0.4. At this discharge depth, the larger the BS scale is, the greater the costs. In improving the performance of BBPSO algorithm, the model has the minimum convergence iteration of 15, with the best convergence effect. In the economic dispatching of PS, the total cost of accessing 200,000 BSs to store energy is 846.4658 million per year, which saves 367.4591 million. The suggested approach can effectively lower PS costs and increase stability.
3D Printing‐Directed Synergistic Design of High‐Performance Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors and Nanogenerators for All‐In‐One Self‐Powered Energy Wristband
Authors: Tian Xiaocong , Zhao Simiao , Gao Yuanyuan , Li Haojie , Cao Wenyu , Xu Bingang
Published: August 2023

Advanced wearable self‐powered energy systems that simultaneously achieve energy harvesting and energy storage offer exciting opportunities for flexible electronics, information communication, and even intelligent environmental monitoring. However, building and integrating synergistic energy storage from energy harvester unit into a single power source is highly challenging. Herein, a unique 3D printing‐directed synergistic design of high‐performance zinc‐ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is proposed for the all‐in‐one self‐powered wearable energy wristband. With advanced ink design, high‐performance flexible ZIHCs are built up as the excellent energy storage unit with remarkable electrochemical behaviors and synergistic matching from TENGs. An exceptional device capacitance of 239.0 mF cm−2, moderate potential window, high‐rate capability, robust cycling stability, and excellent flexibility are achieved. Intrinsic charge storage process is also revealed, further demonstrating the outstanding electrochemical stability of the in‐plane flexible ZIHCs. Moreover, using 3D printing‐directed synergistic design, an advanced all‐in‐one self‐powered energy wristband is developed, where an efficient harvesting of body vibration/movement energy and a reliable storage of harvested energy are simultaneously realized, representing a substantial step toward future practical applications in portable and wearable electronics.
Stretchable High‐Resolution User‐Interactive Synesthesia Displays for Visual–Acoustic Encryption
Authors: Yoo Jisu , Ha Subin , Lee Gwang Heon , Kim Yaewon , Choi Moon Kee
Published: August 2023

Multifunctional displays, which have various functions in single‐device systems without external circuits, are actively investigated as future human–machine interfaces owing to performability of unprecedented functions in compact design. However, their application is limited to visualize the mechanical/electrical signals in light. Herein, stretchable high‐resolution multicolor synesthesia display, which can generate synchronized sound and light as input/output sources, is presented by transfer‐printing. Transfer‐printed emissive composite leads to display with enhanced optical performance and fine sound pressure level. Owing to inherent stretchability of the device, the synesthesia display can stably operate under static and dynamic deformation without distortion in sound relative to the input waveform. User‐interactive synesthesia displays are demonstrated for visual−acoustic encryption, which facilitate advanced encryption, as well as multiplex quick response code that bridges multiple domains with a single device. This approach provides new directions for multifunctional displays, with potential applications in reinforced authentication.
Boosting STE and Nd3+ NIR Luminescence in Cs2AgInCl6 Double Perovskite via Na+/Bi3+‐Induced Local Structure Engineering
Authors: Jin Shilin , Yuan He , Pang Tao , Zhang Manjia , He Youwu , Zhuang Bin , Wu Tianmin , Zheng Yuanhui , Chen Daqin
Published: August 2023

Currently, lanthanide (Ln3+) doped Pb‐free double perovskites (DPs) suffer from competitive emissions of the self‐trapped exciton (STE) and Ln3+. Herein, a new type of Nd3+‐doped Cs2AgInCl6 DPs with Na+/Bi3+ co‐alloying is developed. Benefiting from Na+/Bi3+‐induced local structural modification, both STE broadband visible luminescence and Nd3+ near‐infrared (NIR) emissions are boosted via free exciton sensitization. Specifically, a total 648‐fold enhancement in emitting intensities compared to the Na+/Bi3+‐free counterpart is realized, with a significantly improved NIR photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) from 0.16% to 30.3%. First‐principles density functional theory calculations, Raman spectra, and steady/transient‐state PL spectra verify the modification of local site symmetry, breakdown of parity‐forbidden absorption, and reduction of electron‐phonon coupling via Na+/Bi3+ doping. Finally, a compact vis–NIR broadband light‐emitting diode (LED) is designed by coupling the Na/Bi/Nd: Cs2AgInCl6 DP with a commercial ultraviolet LED chip, which shows promising applications in spectroscopic analyses and multifunctional lighting.
NIR‐II Photothermal Activation of TRPV1 Channels for Intracellular Magnesium Regulation by Porous Pd@Pt Core–Shell Nanostructure to Reverse Tumor Multidrug Resistance
Authors: Shao Xinyue , Qu Chang , Song Guoqiang , Wang Binghao , Tao Qingyun , Jia Ran , Li Junwei , Wang Jinping , An Hailong
Published: August 2023

Multidrug resistance (MDR) caused by overexpressed P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) in cell membrane is the main barrier for clinical tumor chemotherapy. P‐gp can pump the chemical drugs out of tumor cells depending on ATP‐provided energy. Herein, a photothermal‐driven intracellular magnesium ion (Mg2+) regulation strategy is proposed to reverse drug resistance through constructing Mg2+‐ and doxorubicin (DOX, as model drug)‐loaded bimetallic Pd@Pt nanostructure (DPd@PtM). Although DPd@PtM can deliver Mg2+ into tumor cells through endocytosis, large amount of Mg2+ releases outside cells. To this end, the photothermal effect of Pd@Pt nanostructure in the second near‐infrared region is expected to activate the thermosensitive transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) channel for extracellular released Mg2+ influx. Intercellular Mg2+ accumulation suppresses tricarboxylic acid cycle to block intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production (cutoff energy supply for P‐gp) and reduce O2 consumption (downregulate P‐gp expression), then inhibiting P‐gp‐mediated tumor MDR. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that DPd@PtM can open TRPV1 channel to elevate Mg2+ level and then inhibit the P‐gp activity to enhance intracellular DOX concentration for chemotherapy. It is believed that this photothermal‐mediated tumor Mg2+ regulation therapy based on reversing MDR is a promising strategy to kill cancer cells.
Flash‐Thermal Shock Synthesis of High‐Entropy Alloys Toward High‐Performance Water Splitting
Authors: Cha Jun‐Hwe , Cho Su‐Ho , Kim Dong‐Ha , Jeon Dogyeong , Park Seohak , Jung Ji‐Won , Kim Il‐Doo , Choi Sung‐Yool
Published: August 2023

High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) provide unprecedented physicochemical properties over unary nanoparticles (NPs). According to the conventional alloying guideline (Hume–Rothery rule), however, only size‐and‐structure similar elements can be mixed, limiting the possible combinations of alloying elements. Recently, it has been reported that based on carbon thermal shocks (CTS) in a vacuum atmosphere at high temperature, ultrafast heating/cooling rates and high‐entropy environment play a critical role in the synthesis of HEAs, ruling out the possibility of phase separation. Since the CTS requires conducting supports, the Joule‐heating efficiencies rely on the carbon qualities, featuring difficulties in uniform heating along the large area. This work proposes a photo‐thermal approach as an alternative and innovative synthetic method that is compatible with ambient air, large‐area, remote process, and free of materials selection. Single flash irradiation on carbon nanofibers induced momentary high‐temperature annealing (>1800 °C within 20 ms duration, and ramping/cooling rates >104 K s−1) to successfully decorate HEA NPs up to nine elements with excellent compatibility for large‐scale synthesis (6.0 × 6.0 cm2 of carbon nanofiber paper). To demonstrate their feasibility toward applications, senary HEA NPs (PtIrFeNiCoCe) are designed and screened, showing high activity (ηoverall = 777 mV) and excellent stability (>5000 cycles) at the water splitting, including hydrogen evolution reactions and oxygen evolution reactions.
Decoupling Activation and Transport by Electron‐Regulated Atomic‐Bi Harnessed Surface‐to‐Pore Interface for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Zhang Xiangyang , Valencia Agnes , Li Weilu , Ao Kelong , Shi Jihong , Yue Xian , Zhang Ruiqin , Daoud Walid A.
Published: August 2023

Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) promises a route to low‐cost and grid‐scale electricity storage using renewable energy resources. However, the interplay of mass transport and activation processes of high‐loading catalysts makes it challenging to drive high‐performance density VRFB. Herein, a surface‐to‐pore interface design that unlocks the potential of atomic‐Bi‐exposed catalytic surface via decoupling activation and transport is reported. The functional interface accommodates electron‐regulated atomic‐Bi catalyst in an asymmetric Bi─O─Mn structure that expedites the V3+/V2+ conversion, and a mesoporous Mn3O4 sub‐scaffold for rapid shuttling of redox‐active species, whereby the site accessibility is maximized, contrary to conventional transport‐limited catalysts. By in situ grafting this interface onto micron‐porous carbon felt (Bi1‐sMn3O4‐CF), a high‐performance flow battery is achieved, yielding a record high energy efficiency of 76.72% even at a high current density of 400 mA cm−2 and a peak power density of 1.503 W cm−2, outdoing the battery with sMn3O4‐CF (62.60%, 0.978 W cm−2) without Bi catalyst. Moreover, this battery renders extraordinary durability of over 1500 cycles, bespeaking a crucial breakthrough toward sustainable redox flow batteries (RFBs).
Biomimetic Flexible High‐Sensitivity Near‐Infrared II Organic Photodetector for Photon Detection and Imaging
Authors: Xia Yingjun , Geng Chen , Bi Xingqi , Li Mingpeng , Zhu Yu , Yao Zhaoyang , Wan Xiangjian , Li Guanghui , Chen Yongsheng
Published: August 2023

The flexible near‐infrared (NIR) organic photodetector is an essential prerequisite for the next‐generation visual system for accurate information identification. However, prevailing limitations in NIR organic photodetectors, including high noise, weak responsivity, and low detectivity, directly impede the translation to practical applications. Herein, ultranarrow bandgap acceptors, featuring a 2D highly electron‐donating central core (DTPC), named as YZ and YZ1, are designed and synthesized for NIR organic photodetectors. It is found that the introduction of highly rigid DTPC effectively reduces energetic disorder in active films. Moreover, extending the end conjugation not only broadens the absorption spectrum but also diminishes trap states and improves charge transport. Consequently, the YZ1‐based organic photodetector exhibits an impressive detection range from 300 to 1050 nm with a high responsivity of 0.27 A W−1 at 1000 nm and specific detectivity of 9.24 × 1013 Jones, comparable to commercial silicon photodiodes. Inspired by biological eyes, large‐area parallelly independent photodetector arrays (2000 pixels) for an artificial vision system are fabricated, which enables a clear matter identification in the NIR region. These findings and results simultaneously provide critical insights into molecular design and bridge the gap between material science and device engineering, accelerating the application of NIR organic photodetectors in next‐generation wearable optoelectronics.
Precise Control of Broadband Light Absorption and Density of Ti3+ States in Sputtered Black TiO2 Thin Films
Authors: Berends Dennis , Taffa Dereje H. , Meddeb Hosni , Schwager Patrick , Gehrke Kai , Vehse Martin , Agert Carsten
Published: August 2023

Defect‐rich black titanium dioxide (B‐TiO2) has been extensively studied over the past decade due to its enhanced photoelectrochemical efficiency compared to titanium dioxide (TiO2), which is known for its outstanding photocatalytic stability. So far, most of the B‐TiO2 material is obtained by hydrogenation of crystalline TiO2, resulting in a disordered outer layer of a few nanometers thickness. Recently, a new sputtering process has been introduced to produce B‐TiO2 thin films without the usage of hydrogen. Herein, the influence of the sputtering process on the creation of Ti3+ defect states within the films is discussed. Comprehensive optical, structural, and electronic studies of the thin film suggest that increasing the density of Ti3+ states enhances the conductivity of the films and results in increased and broadband light absorption. In addition, the new sputtering method can also be used to alter the density of the defect states in the film in a controlled manner, allowing the optical and electronical properties of the thin film to be changed in a precise and controllable way.
Health Monitoring via Heart, Breath, and Korotkoff Sounds by Wearable Piezoelectret Patches
Authors: Han Liuyang , Liang Weijin , Xie Qisen , Zhao JingJing , Dong Ying , Wang Xiaohao , Lin Liwei
Published: August 2023

Real‐time monitoring of vital sounds from cardiovascular and respiratory systems via wearable devices together with modern data analysis schemes have the potential to reveal a variety of health conditions. Here, a flexible piezoelectret sensing system is developed to examine audio physiological signals in an unobtrusive manner, including heart, Korotkoff, and breath sounds. A customized electromagnetic shielding structure is designed for precision and high‐fidelity measurements and several unique physiological sound patterns related to clinical applications are collected and analyzed. At the left chest location for the heart sounds, the S1 and S2 segments related to cardiac systole and diastole conditions, respectively, are successfully extracted and analyzed with good consistency from those of a commercial medical device. At the upper arm location, recorded Korotkoff sounds are used to characterize the systolic and diastolic blood pressure without a doctor or prior calibration. An Omron blood pressure monitor is used to validate these results. The breath sound detections from the lung/ trachea region are achieved a signal‐to‐noise ration comparable to those of a medical recorder, BIOPAC, with pattern classification capabilities for the diagnosis of viable respiratory diseases. Finally, a 6×6 sensor array is used to record heart sounds at different locations of the chest area simultaneously, including the Aortic, Pulmonic, Erb's point, Tricuspid, and Mitral regions in the form of mixed data resulting from the physiological activities of four heart valves. These signals are then separated by the independent component analysis algorithm and individual heart sound components from specific heart valves can reveal their instantaneous behaviors for the accurate diagnosis of heart diseases. The combination of these demonstrations illustrate a new class of wearable healthcare detection system for potentially advanced diagnostic schemes.