bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiphase, three-dimensional PEM fuel cell numerical model with a variable cross-sectional area flow channel
Authors: Tian Jinbei , Ismail Mohammed S. , Ingham Derek , Hughes Kevin J. , Ma Lin , Pourkashanian Mohamed
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the impact of three different flow channel cross sections on the performance of the fuel cell.

Design/methodology/approach

A comprehensive three-dimensional polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell model has been developed, and a set of conservation equations has been solved. The flow is assumed to be steady, fully developed, laminar and isothermal. The investigated cross sections are the commonly used square cross section, the increasingly used trapezoidal cross section and a novel hybrid configuration where the cross section is square at the inlet and trapezoidal at the outlet.

Findings

The results show that a slight gain is obtained when using the hybrid configuration and this is because of increased velocity, which improves the supply of the reactant gases to the catalyst layers (CLs) and removes heat and excess water more effectively compared to other configurations. Further, the reduction of the outlet height of the hybrid configuration leads to even better fuel cell performance and this is again because of increased velocity in the flow channel.

Research limitations/implications

The data generated in this study will be highly valuable to engineers interested in studying the effect of fluid cross -sectional shape on fuel cell performance.

Originality/value

This study proposes a novel flow field with a variable cross section. This design can supply a higher amount of reactant gases to the CLs, dissipates heat and remove excess water more effectively.
Daily online review sentiment and hotel performance
Authors: Nicolau Juan Luis , Xiang Zheng , Wang Dan
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the links between daily review sentiment and the hotel performance measures of occupancy rate (OR), average daily rate (ADR) and revenue per available room (RevPAR).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted review sentiment analyses in three moments (−1, −7 and −14 days) before arrival time using a data set of budget hotel performance and online reviews. The aim was to identify the effect of review sentiment in the budget hotel market on the three performance metrics.

Findings

Daily sentiment positively affects ADR and negatively affects OR and RevPAR, but only up to a certain threshold, after which the trend reverses. Prices increase with the level of sentiment, and high prices lead to low OR and RevPAR only when the sentiment scores are low. When they are high, they are associated with low rates, which lead to high OR and RevPAR.

Research limitations/implications

Daily review sentiment can be viewed as a valuable “barometer” indicating a hotel’s daily operational effectiveness. Daily sentiment can thus allow hotel managers to adjust their dynamic pricing strategies more accurately.

Originality/value

This study identifies daily sentiment as an alternative predictor of hotel performance. In addition to the roles of valence and volume in the decision-making process, the authors found that daily review sentiment can be an “in-the-moment” factor with a high impact, encouraging consumers to complete their transactions. This study suggests that aggregated measures such as the total number of reviews and overall ratings of the hotel should not be the sole consideration in reputation management.
Do Turkish firms benefit from GVC participation?
Authors: Altun Abdullah , Turan Taner , Yanikkaya Halit
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The study evaluates the effects of GVC participation on firm productivity and profitability. Hence this study aims to find evidence whether there is a clear difference between the productivity and profitability effects of simple and complex backward and forward participations for Turkish firms.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors employ a firm level data from the Türkiye's both first and second top 500 industrial enterprises from 1993 to 2019. In addition, the authors calculate country-sector level both backward and forward GVC participation indices with their simple and complex sub-indices for each year from 1990 to 2015 from the Full Eora data of the Eora Global Supply Chain Database. The authors estimate the model with OLS and fixed effects. To understand the role of the 2008 global crisis, the authors also undertake estimations for the pre-crisis and post-crisis. The authors also divide the data by R&D intensity of sectors.

Findings

While backward GVC participation lowers both labor productivity and profitability growth, forward GVC participation promotes both. Moreover, simple and complex backward participation have similarly negative effects on productivity and profitability growth, simple and complex forward participation have the completely opposite effects though. The authors then provide substantial evidence for the differing effects of participation on productivity and profitability growth between pre-crisis and post-crisis periods. Interestingly, backward participation has a negative impact for both hi-tech and low-tech firms while forward participation boosts the productivity growth only for low-tech firms, probably due to the relatively more upstream position of low-tech firms.

Originality/value

To the best of the knowledge, no previous study has yet examined the profitability effects of GVC for firms. Second, in addition to overall backward and forward GVC participation rates, the authors also calculate and utilize simple and complex GVC measures in the estimations. Third, to reveal whether the global financial crisis leads to a shift in the productivity and profitability effects of GVCs, the authors separately run the regressions for the pre- and post-crisis periods. Fourth, the authors then investigate the argument that hi-tech sectors/firms could benefit more from joining GVCs compared to firms in low-tech technology sectors.
The tourist experience at urban food markets: a qualitative study in Palermo (Sicily)
Authors: Fusté-Forné Francesc
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Food markets have gathered a growing attention by tourism researchers and practitioners in recent years. Many destinations have placed food markets as a tourism attraction which allows visitors to discover a territory through its food. Drawing on the understanding of markets as identity and tourism icons, this paper aims to analyze the role of urban food markets in the different stages of the tourist experience from a visitor perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve this, a qualitative design was implemented to interview 18 tourists who visited for the first time the city of Palermo, the capital of the Mediterranean island of Sicily, Italy.

Findings

The results of this study show the factors that drive the motivations, the experiences and the satisfaction of visitors to food markets and provide relevant perspectives into the management and marketing of food tourism in urban environments.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper lies on the understanding of the relationships between visitor experiences and urban food markets.
Accounting fraud and corporate sustainability: Chinese listed companies
Authors: Rahman Md Jahidur , Xuan Jiadan , Zhu Hongtao , Hossain Md Moazzem
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between accounting fraud and corporate sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

Companies listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in 2019 are used to estimate a pooled ordinary least square regression model using panel data. Accounting fraud is represented by accounting disclosure, which is measured by its quality and timeliness, while corporate sustainability is measured by earnings management and corporate social responsibility.

Findings

Empirical findings support the hypothesis that the quality and timeliness of accounting disclosure have a statistically favorable impact on the management of company earnings and corporate social responsibility, respectively. Accounting fraud also has an impact on the sustainable development of the company.

Originality/value

Although the inferences of this study are limited to Chinese listed companies, this study may interest other scholars to explore similar topics.
Prosocial rule-breaking: a systematic literature review
Authors: Malik Lubna Rashid , Mishra Madhurima
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to conduct a systematic literature review on prosocial rule-breaking (PSRB) and identify the underlying themes using content analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

The current review is based on a portfolio of 37 studies collected from different electronic databases. An extensive literature review is done following a four-step methodology to understand the field comprehensively.

Findings

The present article identified themes in the field of PSRB based on antecedents, consequences, moderators and mediators. Further, the identified themes are classified into individual, job and organizational levels. Through a conceptual framework, how antecedents impact PSRB is shown, which leads to diverse consequences.

Practical implications

Through this study, the authors attempt to help practitioners understand why PSRB behaviors occur in the workplace. Simultaneously, the authors' work helps managers identify potential strategies to evade the adverse effects of PSRB.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first systematic review of PSRB. The review also highlighted the gaps and provided future research directions based on the theory, context, characteristics and methodology (TCCM) framework.
The scientific knowledge structure of happiness management in the business sphere: an exploratory bibliometric review
Authors: Martínez-Falcó Javier , Marco-Lajara Bartolomé , Sánchez-García Eduardo , Millan-Tudela Luis A.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The aim of this research is to carry out a bibliometric analysis of the academic literature indexed in the Core Collection of the Web of Science (WoS) on happiness management in companies during the period between 2000 and 2022. In particular, the variables used to keep the scientific production under study are as follows: (1) time evolution, (2) publication format, (3) categories, (4) authors, (5) institutions, (6) journals, (7) publishers and (8) countries.

Design/methodology/approach

To carry out the analysis, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology is followed, using the WoS database for data collection and VosViewer to create the network maps.

Findings

The results show, among other aspects, the accelerated growth rate of the scientific production studied since 2017, the use of publications in articles as the main format for disseminating research results, the relevance of the business category as the area of study in which most of the scientific production examined falls as well as the predominant role of the publishers Emerald, Springer and Elsevier in the publication of scientific documents on the subject under analysis.

Originality/value

There are different reasons that justify the originality of the study. First, the research advances the understanding of the academic literature on happiness management at the corporate level. Second, to the best of the authors' knowledge, there are no previous bibliometric studies that have addressed this topic. Third, the research analyses the literature under analysis from the first record to the year 2022, assuming an update of the previous narrative and systematic reviews carried out on the subject studied.
Health-care leaders’ experiences of the competencies required for crisis management during COVID-19: a systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Ahti Miro , Taipale-Walsh Leonie , Kuha Suvi , Kanste Outi
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to synthesize health-care leaders’ experiences of the competencies required for crisis management.

Design/methodology/approach

The systematic review followed the joanna briggs institute (JBI) guidance for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. The search strategy included free text words and medical subject headings and peer-reviewed qualitative studies published in English, Finnish and Swedish and was not limited by year or country of publication. The databases searched in March 2022 were Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, ABI/INFORM and the Finnish database Medic. Gray literature was searched using MedNar and EBSCO Open Dissertations. Studies were screened by title and abstract (n = 9,014) and full text (n = 43), and their quality was assessed by two independent reviewers. Eight studies were included. The data was analyzed using meta-aggregation.

Findings

Fifty-one findings (themes and subthemes) were extracted, and 11 categories were created based on their similarities. Five synthesized findings were developed: the competence to comprehend the operational environment; the competence to stay resilient amidst change; the competence to adapt to and manage change; the competence to manage and take care of staff; and the competence to co-operate and communicate with diverse stakeholders.

Originality/value

This systematic review produced novel information about health-care leaders’ experiences of the competencies required for crisis management during COVID-19. This study complements the field of research into crisis management in health care by introducing five original and unique competency clusters required for crisis management during the acute phase of COVID-19.
The trend and future of techno-ethics: a bibliometric analysis of three decades
Authors: Verma Shivangi , Garg Naval
Published: May 2023

Purpose

With the growth and profound influence of technology on our life, it is important to address the ethical issues inherent to the development and deployment of technology. Researchers and practitioners submit the need to inspect: how technology and ethics interact, how ethical principles regulate technology and what could be the probable future course of action to execute techno-ethical practices in a socio-technical discourse effectively. To address the thoughts related to techno-ethics, the authors of the present study conducted exploratory research to understand the trend and relevance of technology ethics since its inception.

Design/methodology/approach

The study collected over 679 documents for the period 1990–2022 from the Scopus database. A quantitative approach of bibliometric analysis was conducted to study the pattern of authorship, publications, citations, prominent journals and contributors in the subject area. VOS viewer software was utilized to visualize and map academic performance in techno-ethics.

Findings

The findings revealed that the concept of techno-ethics is an emerging field and requires more investigation to harness its relevance with everchanging technology development. The data revealed substantial growth in the field of techno-ethics in humanities, social science and management domain in the last two decades. Also, most of the prominent cited references and documents in the database tend to cover the theme of Artificial Intelligence, Big data, computer ethics, morality, decision-making, IT ethics, human rights, responsibility and privacy.

Originality/value

The article provides a comprehensive overview of scientific production and main research trends in techno-ethics until 2022. The study is a pioneer in expanding the academic productivity and performance of embedding ethics in technology.
Single-filament-wide tensile-testing specimens reveal material-independent fibre-induced anisotropy for fibre-reinforced material extrusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Yan Jiongyi , Demirci Emrah , Gleadall Andrew
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study/paper aims to develop fundamental understanding of mechanical properties for multiple fibre-reinforced materials by using a single-filament-wide tensile-testing approach.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, recently validated single-filament-wide tensile-testing specimens were used for four polymers with and without short-fibre reinforcement. Critically, this specimen construct facilitates filament orientation control, for representative longitudinal and transverse composite directions, and enables measurement of interlayer bonded area, which is impossible with “slicing” software but essential in effective property measurement. Tensile properties were studied along the direction of extruded filaments (F) and normal to the interlayer bond (Z) both experimentally and theoretically via the Kelly–Tyson model, bridging model and Halpin–Tsai model.

Findings

Even though the four matrix-material properties varied hugely (1,440% difference in ductility), consistent material-independent trends were identified when adding fibres: ductility reduced in both F- and Z-directions; stiffness and strength increased in F but decreased or remained similar in Z; Z:F strength anisotropy and stiffness anisotropy ratios increased. Z:F strain-at-break anisotropy ratio decreased; stiffness and strain-at-break anisotropy were most affected by changes to F properties, whereas strength anisotropy was most affected by changes to Z properties.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to assess interlayer bond strength of composite materials based on measured interlayer bond areas, and consistent fibre-induced properties and anisotropy were found. The results demonstrate the critical influence of mesostructure and microstructure for three-dimensional printed composites. The authors encourage future studies to use specimens with a similar level of control to eliminate structural defects (inter-filament voids and non-uniform filament orientation).
Using salt marshes for coastal protection: Effective but hard to get where needed most
Authors: Marin‐Diaz Beatriz , van der Wal Daphne , Kaptein Leon , Martinez‐Garcia Pol , Lashley Christopher H. , de Jong Kornelis , Nieuwenhuis Jan Willem , Govers Laura L. , Olff Han , Bouma Tjeerd J.
Published: May 2023

Salt marshes fronting coastal structures, such as seawalls and dikes, may offer important ecosystem‐based coastal defence by reducing the wave loading and run‐up levels during storms. We question (i) how the long‐term salt marsh development in the Dutch Wadden Sea relates to the tidal‐flat foreshore bathymetry and (ii) how the wave run‐up onto dikes, which enhances the risk of dike failure, depends on foreshore bathymetry, the presence/absence of marshes, marsh vegetation properties, tidal range and wind exposure.

We analysed 15 years of vegetation and bathymetry maps along the entire Dutch Wadden Sea coast, in combination with detailed process‐based measurements at five locations during 3 years, to understand where salt marshes naturally form and what features determine their contribution to coastal protection.

The horizontal extent of marshes along the dikes remained relatively stable over the past decade. The presence of marshes was associated with higher elevations of adjacent tidal flats (above ~0.5 m NAP), while landward‐directed marsh retreat was associated with surface erosion of the fronting tidal flats.

Wave run‐up during storms was lower at sites with wider marshes and higher foreshore elevations. This was attributed to the marsh attenuation effect, which led to a reduction in wave heights at the dike toe. As the tidal range varies across the Dutch Wadden Sea, areas to the East with generally higher water levels experienced higher wave run‐up.

Synthesis and applications. We found that (i) marshes, where present, effectively protected the dikes from wave loading and (ii) the sites where marshes typically do not develop spontaneously were the most vulnerable to high wave run‐up. This catch‐22 problem implies that increasing reliance on nature‐based coastal defences along soft‐bottom coasts may require human interventions to stimulate marsh formation at the locations where it is most needed. Alternatively, ‘hard engineering’ solutions may remain necessary where implementing nature‐based solutions are either too costly, unachievable, or at the expense of other ecological values, such as causing the loss of mudflats that are important for migratory birds.
Ultrasound guided hydrostatic enema reduction of ileocolic intussusception: a safe and effective technique
Authors: Binu Vineet , Nicholson Cheryl , Granger Jeremy , Gent Roger , Piotto Lino , Taranath Ajay , Goh Day Way
Published: May 2023

Background

Currently, the primary management of ileocolic intussusception in children is usually by non‐operative image‐guided enema reduction. In most centres around the world especially in Australasia the predominant technique is the pneumatic reduction under fluoroscopic guidance. At our institution, we have been performing ultrasound‐guided hydrostatic reduction since 2012.This is an audit to determine the efficacy and safety of ultrasound‐guided hydrostatic reduction for intussusception.

Methods

Following ethics approval, a retrospective review of all patients presenting to our institution with intussusception and subsequently undergoing hydrostatic reduction over a period of 9 years (2012 to–2020) was performed. The parameters studied included (i) successful reduction, (ii) recurrence, (iii) need for surgery and (iv) lead point at surgery.

Results

The mean age at presentation was 12 months. One hundred and eight children were diagnosed to have ileocolic intussusception. One hundred and six underwent ultrasound‐guided hydrostatic reduction with successful reduction in 96 (90.5%) patients. Reduction was unsuccessful in 10 patients (9.5%). Of these eight were noted to have a pathological lead point (four—Meckel's diverticulum and four—Lymphoma) at the time of the surgery. The intussusception recurred in six patients (6.25%) within 24 h. No reduction related perforation occurred during the study period.

Conclusion

Ultrasound‐guided hydrostatic reduction is a safe and effective technique for managing intussusception as it allows continuous monitoring of the reduction of the intussusception without exposing the children to ionizing radiation.
Short‐term efficacy and safety of personalized antiplatelet therapy for patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Han Mengqi , Jia Weijie , Wu Yifan , Kuang Jie , Tu Jianglong , Yin Shujuan , Chen Jibiao , Zhang Xiaolin , Li Jingyi , Chen Yongsen , Wu Bin , Yi Yingping
Published: May 2023

Aims

The aim of this study was to determine whether the testing strategy for clopidogrel and/or aspirin resistance using CYP2C19 genotyping or urinary 11‐dhTxB2 testing has an impact on clinical outcomes.

Methods

A multicentre, randomized, controlled trial was conducted at 14 centres in China from 2019 to 2021. For the intervention group, a specific antiplatelet strategy was assigned based on the CYP2C19 genotype and 11‐dhTxB2, a urinary metabolite of aspirin, and the control group received nonguided (ie, standard of care) treatment. 11‐dhTXB2 is a thromboxane A2 metabolite that can help quantify the effects of resistance to aspirin in individuals after ingestion. The primary efficacy outcome was new stroke, the secondary efficacy outcome was a poor functional prognosis (a modified Rankin scale score ≥3), and the primary safety outcome was bleeding, all within the 90‐day follow‐up period.

Results

A total of 2815 patients were screened and 2663 patients were enrolled in the trial, with 1344 subjects assigned to the intervention group and 1319 subjects assigned to the control group. A total of 60.1% were carriers of the CYP2C19 loss‐of‐function allele (*2, *3) and 8.71% tested positive for urinary 11‐dhTxB2‐ indicating aspirin resistance in the intervention group. The primary outcome was not different between the intervention and control groups (P = .842). A total of 200 patients (14.88%) in the intervention group and 240 patients (18.20%) in the control group had a poor functional prognosis (hazard ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63 to 0.95, P = .012). Bleeding events occurred in 49 patients (3.65%) in the intervention group and 72 patients (5.46%) in the control group (hazard ratio 0.66, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.95, P = .025).

Conclusions

Personalized antiplatelet therapy based on the CYP2C19 genotype and 11‐dhTxB2 levels was associated with favourable neurological function and reduced bleeding risk in acute ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack patients. The results may help support the role of CYP2C19 genotyping and urinary 11‐dhTxB2 testing in the provision of precise clinical treatment.
Monomeric C‐reactive protein: A novel biomarker predicting neurodegenerative disease and vascular dysfunction
Authors: Pastorello Ylenia , Carare Roxana O. , Banescu Claudia , Potempa Lawrence , Di Napoli Mario , Slevin Mark
Published: May 2023

Circulating C‐reactive protein (pCRP) concentrations rise dramatically during both acute (e.g., following stroke) or chronic infection and disease (e.g., autoimmune conditions such as lupus), providing complement fixation through C1q protein binding. It is now known, that on exposure to the membranes of activated immune cells (and microvesicles and platelets), or damaged/dysfunctional tissue, it undergoes lysophosphocholine (LPC)‐phospholipase‐C‐dependent dissociation to the monomeric form (mCRP), concomitantly becoming biologically active. We review histological, immunohistochemical, and morphological/topological studies of post‐mortem brain tissue from individuals with neuroinflammatory disease, showing that mCRP becomes stably distributed within the parenchyma, and resident in the arterial intima and lumen, being “released” from damaged, hemorrhagic vessels into the extracellular matrix. The possible de novo synthesis via neurons, endothelial cells, and glia is also considered. In vitro, in vivo, and human tissue co‐localization analyses have linked mCRP to neurovascular dysfunction, vascular activation resulting in increased permeability, and leakage, compromise of blood brain barrier function, buildup of toxic proteins including tau and beta amyloid (Aβ), association with and capacity to “manufacture” Aβ‐mCRP‐hybrid plaques, and, greater susceptibility to neurodegeneration and dementia. Recently, several studies linked chronic CRP/mCRP systemic expression in autoimmune disease with increased risk of dementia and the mechanisms through which this occurs are investigated here. The neurovascular unit mediates correct intramural periarterial drainage, evidence is provided here that suggests a critical impact of mCRP on neurovascular elements that could suggest its participation in the earliest stages of dysfunction and conclude that further investigation is warranted. We discuss future therapeutic options aimed at inhibiting the pCRP‐LPC mediated dissociation associated with brain pathology, for example, compound 1,6‐bis‐PC, injected intravenously, prevented mCRP deposition and associated damage, after temporary left anterior descending artery ligation and myocardial infarction in a rat model.
Clinical outcomes of the PAUL® glaucoma implant: One‐year results
Authors: Weber Constance , Hundertmark Sarah , Liegl Raffael , Jauch Anna S. , Stasik Isabel , Holz Frank G. , Mercieca Karl
Published: May 2023

Background

To report one‐year outcomes from a single‐centre cohort undergoing PAUL® Glaucoma Implant (PGI) surgery.

Methods

Retrospective review of patients undergoing PGI surgery at the University Eye Hospital Bonn, Germany, from April 2021 to September 2021.

Results

Forty‐five eyes of 41 patients were included. Qualified and complete success rates (95% CI) were 95.6% (88.9%–100%) and 73.3% (60%–86.7%) for Criterion A (IOP ≤ 21 mmHg), 84.4% (73.3%–93.3%) and 74.4% (51.1%–80.0%) for Criterion B (IOP ≤ 18 mmHg), 62.2% (48.9%–75.6%) and 46.7% (31.2%–62.2%) for Criterion C (IOP ≤ 15 mmHg) and 26.7% (13.3%–40.0%) and 22.2% (11.1%–33.3%) for Criterion D (IOP ≤ 12 mmHg), respectively. Mean IOP decreased from 26.1 mmHg (7–48 mmHg) to 12.0 mmHg (3–24 mmHg) (reduction of 48.83%) after 12 months with a reduction of IOP‐lowering agents from 0.5 (0–3). One eye (2.2%) needed an injection of viscoelastic due to significant hypotony with AC shallowing, and four eyes (8.9%) developed choroidal detachments due to hypotony which resolved without further interventions after 6 weeks. Three patients (6.7%) developed tube exposure which required conjunctival revision with an additional pericardial patch graft. An intraluminal prolene stent was removed in 19 eyes (42.2%) after a mean time period of 8.4 months (2–12 m). Mean IOP before the removal was 21.9 mmHg (12–38 mmHg) and decreased to 11.3 mmHg (6–16 mmHg).

Conclusions

PGI surgery is an effective procedure for reducing IOP and pressure‐lowering therapy. An intraluminal prolene stent impedes hypotony in the early postoperative phase and enables further IOP lowering without additional interventions during the postoperative course.
Relationship between left atrial reservoir strain, volumes, and geometry: Insights from simple theoretical model
Authors: Peters Andrew C. , Lee Jeesoo , Jankowski Madeline , Thomas James D.
Published: May 2023

Background

Left atrial (LA) volume is related to LA reservoir strain (LASR), but the relationship is not fully resolved. We sought to model the relationship between LA end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes (LAEDV and LAESV) and LASR based on a geometrical approach to exploit the relationship between LASR and volume.

Methods

Modeling the LA as a hemisphere with radius r, LASR was recognized to vary linearly with r and LA volume with r3. Expanding this cubic relation as a Taylor series resulted in a simple linear equation: LAESV/LAEDV = 1 + 3 × LASR. To validate this, 52 transthoracic echocardiograms were analyzed from 18 patients who underwent transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (TEER) with MitraClip with serial assessment pre‐procedure, 1 month post‐clip, and 12 months post‐TEER. Linear regression was performed to compare the geometric equation to a statistical model created by a line of best fit to relate LAESV/LAEDV to LASR.

Results

The statistical and geometric model both resulted in a strong correlation (r = .8, p < .001, respectively). The slope of the line in the statistical model was 3.3, which was statistically indistinguishable from the expected slope of 3 based on the geometric model (Figure 2A). Using the geometric model to compare the measured versus calculated LAESV/LAEDV also resulted in a strong correlation (r = .8, p < .001)(Figure 2B).

Conclusion

We describe the relationship between LA volume and strain mathematically by considering the geometry of the LA. This model enhances our understanding of the interaction between atrial strain and volume. Further research is necessary to validate this using 3D atrial volumes in a broader cohort of subjects.
Anticipating the honeymoon: Event study estimation of new stadium effects in Major League Baseball using the imputation method
Authors: Szymanski Stefan
Published: May 2023

This paper estimates the impact of new stadiums on attendance and revenues of Major League Baseball teams between 1970 and 2019. Recent studies reveal that two‐way fixed effects (TWFE) models may produce biased estimates, proposing an “imputation” method instead. This paper uses the imputation method to generate a counterfactual estimate, based on untreated observations: the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) equals the difference between actual and counterfactual estimates. The analysis shows that there were significant anticipation effects associated with new stadiums, up to three seasons before opening. It suggests previous estimates may significantly understate new stadium revenue gains.
How are the precedents of trade policy rules made under the World Trade Organization?
Authors: Takechi Kazutaka
Published: May 2023

Under World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement, consistent trade policy rules are established through precedents. This study examines how these precedents are created by citations, including how the kinds of cases involved in previous decisions affect the citation frequency. We investigate three determinants of citation, namely, legal, economic, and political factors. The empirical analysis shows that cases having the following characteristics are more frequently cited: violations of WTO rules found, many claims of WTO rule violations, many third‐party participants, and a heightened capacity of complainant country retaliation. These suggest that the case law on trade policy is not only generated through legal considerations but also reflects economically and politically sensitive cases, which the WTO may tend to follow in line with its previous decisions.
Neurophysiological indices of face processing in people with psychosis and their siblings: An event‐related potential study
Authors: Wynn Jonathan K. , Clayson Peter E. , Green Michael F. , Jimenez Amy , Lee Junghee , Reavis Eric A. , Horan William P.
Published: May 2023

People with schizophrenia experience difficulties with social interactions. One contributor to these social deficits is dysfunction in processing facial features and facial emotional expressions. However, it is not known whether face processing deficits are evident in those with other psychotic disorders or in those genetically at‐risk for psychosis (i.e., first‐degree relatives of those with psychosis). We assessed event‐related potentials (ERPs) during a facial and emotion processing task in 100 people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or another psychotic condition (PSY), 32 of their siblings (SIB) and 45 healthy comparison participants (CTL). In separate blocks, participants identified the sex (male or female) or emotion (happy, angry, neutral) of faces. In a comparison condition, participants indicated whether buildings had one or two floors. ERPs were examined in two stages. First, we compared ERPs across the emotion, sex and building identification conditions. Second, we compared ERPs among the three different facial emotions. PSY exhibited significantly lower amplitudes over parietal‐occipital regions between 111 and 151 ms when viewing faces but not buildings than CTL, consistent with a face‐selective N170 ERP component deficit. The SIB group was intermediate for faces, but not significantly different than PSY or CTL. During emotion identification, all three groups showed increased N170 amplitudes to angry and happy versus neutral expressions, with no group differences. In follow up analyses, we examined differences between PSY with or without affective psychosis, and differences between those with schizophrenia versus other psychotic disorders; there were no significant differences in these analyses. Face processing deficits assessed with ERPs were observed in a group of diverse psychotic disorders, though deficits were not seen to be modulated by facial emotion expression. Additionally, N170 deficits are not evident in siblings of those with PSY.
Corneal confocal microscopy reveals small nerve fibre loss correlating with motor function in adult spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Thimm Andreas , Brakemeier Svenja , Dag Merve , Munoz Rosales Juan , Stolte Benjamin , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Stettner Mark , Hagenacker Tim
Published: May 2023

Background

5q Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a progressive, inherited, and severely disabling – yet treatable – motor neuron disease. Although treatment options have evolved in recent years, biomarkers for treatment monitoring and prognosis prediction remain elusive. Here, we investigated the utility of corneal confocal microscopy (CCM), a non‐invasive imaging technique to quantify small corneal nerve fibres in vivo, as a diagnostic tool in adult SMA.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, 19 patients with SMA type 3 and 19 healthy controls underwent CCM to measure corneal nerve fibre density (CNFD), corneal nerve fibre length (CNFL), and corneal nerve branch density (CNBD), as well as corneal immune cell infiltration. Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded (HFMSE) and Revised Upper Limb Module (RULM) scores and a 6‐Minute Walk Test (6MWT) were conducted to explore any correlation between CCM findings and motor function.

Results

Corneal nerve fibre parameters were decreased in SMA patients versus healthy controls (CNFD: p = 0.030; CNFL: p = 0.013; CNBD: p = 0.020) in the absence of relevant immune cell infiltration. CNFD and CNFL correlated with HFMSE scores (CNFD: r = 0.492, p = 0.038; CNFL: r = 0.484, p = 0.042) and distance covered in the 6MWT (CNFD: r = 0.502, p = 0.042; CNFL: r = 0.553, p = 0.023).

Conclusions

Corneal confocal microscopy CCM reveals sensory neurodegeneration in SMA, thereby supporting a multisystem view of the disorder. Subclinical small nerve fibre damage correlated with motor function. Thus, CCM may be ideally suited for treatment monitoring and prognosis.
Advantages of routine next‐generation sequencing over standard genetic testing in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinic
Authors: Scaber Jakub , Thompson Alexander G. , Farrimond Lucy , Feneberg Emily , Proudfoot Malcolm , Ossher Lynn , Turner Martin R. , Talbot Kevin
Published: May 2023

Background

Next‐generation sequencing has enhanced our understanding of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and its genetic epidemiology. Outside the research setting, testing is often restricted to those who report a family history. The aim of this study was to explore the added benefit of offering routine genetic testing to all patients in a regional ALS centre.

Methods

C9ORF72 expansion testing and exome sequencing was offered to consecutive patients (150 with ALS and 12 with primary lateral sclerosis [PLS]) attending the Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Clinic within a defined time period.

Results

A total of 17 (11.3%) highly penetrant pathogenic variants in C9ORF72, SOD1, TARDBP, FUS and TBK1 were detected, of which 10 were also found through standard clinical genetic testing pathways. The systematic approach resulted in five additional diagnoses of a C9ORF72 expansion (number needed to test [NNT] = 28), and two further missense variants in TARDBP and SOD1 (NNT = 69). Additionally, 3 patients were found to carry pathogenic risk variants in NEK1, and 13 patients harboured common missense variants in CFAP410 and KIF5A, also associated with an increased risk of ALS. We report two novel non‐coding loss‐of‐function splice variants in TBK1 and OPTN. No relevant variants were found in the PLS patients. Patients were offered double‐blinded participation, but >80% requested disclosure of the results.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence that expanding genetic testing to all patients with a clinical diagnosis of ALS enhances the potential for recruitment to clinical trials, but will have direct resource implications for genetic counselling.
Looks like google to me: Instructor ability to detect machine translation in L2 Spanish writing
Authors: Maimone Luciane , Jolley Jason
Published: May 2023

This article reports the results of an empirical study designed to determine the degree to which college instructors of Spanish can distinguish between machine translation (MT) and non‐MT writing samples produced by second language (L2) learners of Spanish in an intermediate‐level writing course. We also investigated relationships between detection accuracy rates, instructor teaching experience, and text type (narrative or argumentative), as well as signs instructors consider indicators of both kinds of writing. Results demonstrated that instructors were able to distinguish MT from non‐MT writing with a high degree of accuracy by relying on a broad array of indicators. However, neither text type difference nor instructor experience related significantly to detection ability. These findings have practical implications for the L2 classroom with regard to instructor response to MT use and the integration of MT tools to support L2 writing development.
Pacified citizens with a marketized school system: Causal evidence of boomeranging effects of user choice
Authors: Wejryd Johan
Published: May 2023

The marketization of schools and of other public services is supposed to have changed the relationship of citizens to the state in many Western countries over the last 30 years. One explicit aim of marketization has been to increase citizen influence over public services. Yet, studies of its effects on citizens' willingness to address public decision‐making remain scarce in general, and nonexistent as regards schools. In this study, a survey experiment taps the causal effects of both user choice and private provision. The results show that marketization significantly reduces respondents' intention to influence schools and related political and bureaucratic decision‐making. The effects are robust and, in contrast to those of previous studies, driven by significant effects from the user choice introduced in connection with marketization. The pacifying effects recorded suggest that marketization potentially reduces public services' responsiveness to citizens' interests, thereby aggravating the problems it was meant to address.
Effect of hydrocolloid addition on cake prepared with aquafaba as egg substitute
Authors: Crawford Kaelyn , Kerr William , Tyl Catrin
Published: May 2023

Pressure‐cooked or boiled chickpea aquafaba (prepared at a 3:1 water to seed cooking ratio and adjusted to pH 5) was used in place of egg white in a hi‐ratio cake. Xanthan gum or hydroxypropyl‐methylcellulose was added at 0%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% to increase the air volume fraction in foams and their stability. Cake and crumb appearance, moisture, texture and colour were evaluated. Gum type and level significantly affected the shape and crumb hardness. The most pronounced change was induced by the lowest hydroxypropylmethylcellulose level, which prevented collapsed cake centres. In cake with pressure‐cooked aquafaba, 0.2% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose raised the volume index to a comparable level as egg white cake. Xanthan gum, on the other hand, did not lead to a desirable crumb structure or cake shape. Our results suggest that at optimum addition levels, certain gums in combination with aquafaba can assume some of egg whites' functional roles in cakes.
Long‐term changes in the subgingival microbiota in patients with stage III–IV periodontitis treated by mechanical therapy and adjunctive systemic antibiotics: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hagenfeld Daniel , Kleine Bardenhorst Sven , Matern Johannes , Prior Karola , Harks Inga , Eickholz Peter , Lorenz Katrin , Kim Ti‐Sun , Kocher Thomas , Meyle Jörg , Kaner Doğan , Schlagenhauf Ulrich , Harmsen Dag , Ehmke Benjamin
Published: May 2023

Aim

To explore whether adjunctive antibiotics can relevantly influence long‐term microbiota changes in stage III–IV periodontitis patients.

Materials and Methods

This is a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial on periodontal therapy with adjunctive 500 mg amoxicillin and 400 mg metronidazole or placebo thrice daily for 7 days. Subgingival plaque samples were taken before and 2, 8, 14 and 26 months after mechanical therapy. The V4‐hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced with Illumina MiSeq 250 base pair paired‐end reads. Changes at the ribosomal sequence variant (RSV) level, diversity and subgingival‐microbial dysbiosis index (SMDI) were explored with a negative binomial regression model and non‐parametric tests.

Results

Overall, 50.2% of all raw reads summed up to 72 RSVs (3.0%) that were generated from 163 stage III–IV periodontitis patients. Of those, 16 RSVs, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, changed significantly over 26 months because of adjunctive systemic antibiotics. SMDI decreased significantly more in the antibiotic group at all timepoints, whereas the 2‐month differences in alpha and beta diversity between groups were not significant at 8 and 14 months, respectively.

Conclusions

Mechanical periodontal therapy with adjunctive antibiotics induced a relevant and long‐term sustainable change towards an oral microbiome more associated with oral health.
Assessment of climate change impacts on river flooding due to Typhoon Hagibis in 2019 using nonglobal warming experiments
Authors: Nihei Yasuo , Oota Koyo , Kawase Hiroaki , Sayama Takahiro , Nakakita Eiichi , Ito Takehiko , Kashiwada Jin
Published: May 2023

In this study, a series of numerical analyses of meteorology, runoff, river flow, and inundation were performed to quantitatively evaluate the effects of historical warming on precipitation, discharge, water level, and flood inundation. This study was on the flood inundation of the Chikuma River Basin in Japan caused by Typhoon Hagibis in 2019. The historical warming impact on Typhoon Hagibis was analyzed by comparing nonglobal warming experiments (NonWs) and control experiments (CTLs) to reproduce the current situation. Calculated results showed that the ratios of the index of CTLs to that of NonWs (mean CTL to mean NonW) as indicators of the impact of historical warming were 1.08, 1.22, and 1.08–3.08 for total precipitation, peak river discharge, and peak water level (from pre‐flood level and high‐water level), respectively, and 48.1 and 595 for overflow depth and inundation volume for the Chikuma River, respectively. Results of the hydrologic‐sensitivity analysis indicated that the influence of historical warming during the last 40‐year period was already evident on overflow and flooding, whose sensitivities were higher than those of discharge and water level.
Copyright Law Protection of films in Nigeria (Nollywood) and South Africa (Sollywood): Pre and post‐Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kouletakis Jade , Lawal‐Arowolo Ayoyemi , Itanyi Nkem
Published: May 2023

The Covid‐19 pandemic inflicted socioeconomic harm on an unprecedented scale. Across the world and to varying degrees, cinemas were closed, festivals were cancelled or postponed, and film releases were moved to future dates or delayed indefinitely. In 2020 the entire global theatrical and home/mobile entertainment market totalled $80.8 billion, the lowest figure since 2016 and a decline of 18% from 2019. Theatrical entertainment accounted for only 15% of the total global entertainment revenue, compared to 43% in 2019. While some has been written about the effects of Covid‐19 on both international and local film industries, this article seeks to provide an African perspective focusing on the realities in Nigeria and South Africa, respectively. This article examines the importance of filmmaking industries in Nigeria and South Africa as well as the difficulties faced during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Copyright laws in both terrains are critically reviewed based on the capacity of these laws to protect the interests of film industries pre and post‐Covid‐19.
Coronary artery complications after left bundle branch area pacing: An increasingly reported issue in the era of physiologic pacing
Authors: Ferrari Andrés Di Leoni , Klafke Luís Henrique , Soccol Ricardo , Abelin Aníbal Pereira , Piantá Ricardo Medeiros , Caramori Paulo Ricardo Avancini , Chemello Diego
Published: May 2023

Coronary artery lesions related to pacemaker implantation are rare complications. With the increasing adoption of the technique of permanent transseptal pacing of the left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP), an increase in the incidence of these complications may be expected. We report two cases of coronary lesions after permanent transeptal pacing of the LBBAP: the first with a small coronary artery fistula, and the second with an extrinsic coronary compression. Both complications occurred with stylet‐driven pacing leads with extendable helix. In the first case, since the shunt volume was small and no major complications were reported, the patient was treated conservatively with good outcome. The second case required lead repositioning due to acute decompensated heart failure.