bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetic equations for processes on co-evolving networks
Authors: Burger Martin
Published: January 2022

The aim of this paper is to derive macroscopic equations for processes on large co-evolving networks, examples being opinion polarization with the emergence of filter bubbles or other social processes such as norm development. This leads to processes on graphs (or networks), where both the states of particles in nodes as well as the weights between them are updated in time. In our derivation we follow the basic paradigm of statistical mechanics: We start from paradigmatic microscopic models and derive a Liouville-type equation in a high-dimensional space including not only the node states in the network (corresponding to positions in mechanics), but also the edge weights between them. We then derive a natural (finite) marginal hierarchy and pass to an infinite limit.

We will discuss the closure problem for this hierarchy and see that a simple mean-field solution can only arise if the weight distributions between nodes of equal states are concentrated. In a more interesting general case we propose a suitable closure at the level of a two-particle distribution (including the weight between them) and discuss some properties of the arising kinetic equations. Moreover, we highlight some structure-preserving properties of this closure and discuss its analysis in a minimal model. We discuss the application of our theory to some agent-based models in literature and discuss some open mathematical issues.
The method of fundamental solutions for analytic functions in complex analysis
Authors: Yuan Xiaoguang ,   School of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China, Jiang Quan , Zhou Zhidong , Yang Fengpeng ,   School of Science, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China,   College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China,   School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
Published: January 2022

This paper extends the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) for solving the boundary value problems of analytic functions based on Cauchy-Riemann equations and properties of harmonic functions. The conformal mapping technique is applied to introduce the singularities of the approximate analytic functions and reconstruct the fundamental solutions. The presented method can naturally introduce the information of homogeneous boundary conditions and singularity properties, when the conformal mapping technique or the reconstructed fundamental solutions are used. The numerical examples show that the proposed method has the advantages of conciseness, reliability, efficiency, high accuracy and easy-using, respectively. The developed method can be used to solve the boundary value problems (BVPs) of analytic functions without considering single-valuedness, which simplify the numerical analysis.
Position Paper: Gamification in the Learning Process
Authors: Najjar Eman Ahmd , Salhab Reham Ahmd
Published: January 2022

Recently, learning environments have transformed from traditional, lecture-based learning environments to team-based, experiential and problem based learning to prepare learners for a more complex and collaborative world. One teaching approach that embodies these essential characteristics of learning is gamification. Gamification is the application of gamified thinking and game mechanics to solve problems and increase engagement (Çeker & Özdam, 2017). Gamification is characterized by its ability to achieve cognitive, emotional, and behavioural effects by giving students opportunities to improve their critical thinking skills, arouse their feelings of curiosity, and increase active participation, respectively. However, giving consideration to gamification as an approach for education and learning is still a controversial subject. It is our position of this paper that as educators, we believe that gamification engages learners, motivates them to learn, satisfy their needs, and transfers knowledge by fun tasks
Brain Waves Characteristics in Individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Najafi Tahereh , Jaafar Rosmina , Najafi Kiomars , Eslamdoust-Siahestalkhi Fatemeh
Published: January 2022

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental illness causing patients to suffer from recurring undesirable thoughts (obsessions) conducting to do affairs repetitively (compulsions). Brain signals recorded by Electroencephalogram (EEG) can be analyzed in order to present a diagnostic procedure considering the localization approach. In this study, the signals acquired by EEG have been recorded from three groups; two case groups; patients with severe obsessive symptoms and patients with severe compulsive symptoms, and one healthy control group. Brain signal processing techniques have been applied on the signals emitted from frontal and parieto-occipital regions to discover the features leading to the best discrimination between case groups and healthy controls. In this regard, after preprocessing, the features of time and frequency domains presenting the significant meaningful relation were nominated for classification by linear discrimination analysis (LDA). Although the parieto-occipital region performed better in the diagnosis for both obsessive and compulsive groups, the features gained from the frontal cortex resulted in better discrimination for only the compulsive group. In addition, time domain features had a more significant influence in diagnosis rather than frequency domain for both case groups. The study presented particular characteristics of brain signals in two dimensions of OCD in specific brain regions leading to more accurate presurgical assessments in the studies between the affected brain regions and behavioral issues.
Computer Vision: A Review of Detecting Objects in Videos – Challenges and Techniques
Authors: Hammoudeh Mohammad Ali A. , Alsaykhan Mohammad , Alsalameh Ryan , Althwaibi Nahs
Published: January 2022

Traffic safety aims to change the attitude of citizens towards careless traffic on the roads, making this the first step towards changing behavior. Also, teach the rules of safe pedestrian behavior and minimize the risks of road accidents. So many regulations have been set to avoid road accidents and traffic jams, which is the study scope of this paper using IT technology. With the expanding interests in Computer vision use cases such as vehicles self-driving, face recognition, intelligent transportation frameworks and so on individuals are hoping to assemble custom AI models to recognize and distinguish specific objects. Object detection is part of a computer's vision where objects that can be observed externally and are found in videos can be identified and tracked by computers. Therefore, object tracking is an important part of video analysis. There are many proposed methods such as Tracking, Learning, Detection, Mean shift and MIL. In this paper, the computer vision state in object detecting domain along with its challenges are discussed, also we address some requirements and techniques to overcome these challenges. Finally, TensorFlow technology is presented as a recommended solution to support Lane’s violation.
Il dialogo e la coerenza
Authors: Fiori Angelo
Published: January 2022

Non disponibile
Donna e lavoro: considerazioni etico-giuridiche sulla prevenzione del rischio riproduttivo
Authors: Di Pietro Maria Luisa , Fisso Maria Beatrice
Published: January 2022

E' oramai noto che le attività lavorative possono influenzare, in modo diretto o indiretto, la salute: da questa consapevolezza ha avuto origine, nel tempo, una sempre maggiore attenzione nei confronti degli effetti nocivi di sostanze "sospette" in ambiente di lavoro. In questo articolo viene affrontato un aspetto particolare del rischio lavorativo, cioè il rischio a seguito dell'esposizione della donna a sostanze chimiche o ad agenti fisici o biologici che possono alterare la sua capacità riproduttiva o essere causa di gravi danni alla prole che è stata o verrà concepita. Dopo aver fatto distinzione tra rischio riproduttivo (la possibilità che una sostanza possa interferire con o impedire il concepimento) e rischio di sviluppo (la possibilità di produrre nel nascituro o successivamente nel nato fino alla pubertà anomalie strutturali, deficit funzionali o la morte), e aver analizzato il meccanismo di azione delle sostanze chimiche e degli agenti fisici e biologici più di frequente presenti in ambiente di lavoro, e precisato il momento di interferenza (la oogenesi, la gravidanza, l'allattamento), le Autrici individuano ed esaminano criticamente le possibili modalità di prevenzione del rischio riproduttivo e di sviluppo. Dall'individuazione delle situazioni a rischio alla messa a punto delle misure di controllo necessarie per ridurre o eliminare l'esposizione dei lavoratori, all'informazione dello stesso sull'esistenza e sull'entità del rischio: un'analisi che, in un'ottica personalistica, vorrebbe indicare - anche alla luce delle normative vigenti - nuove strade perché si possa attuare una reale tutela della lavoratrice e una vera politica di protezione fetale.
Aspetti etici emergenti nella tossicodipendenza: la "riduzione del danno"
Authors: De Filippis Vincenzo , Miranda Gonzalo
Published: January 2022

L'articolo si propone di esaminare sotto il profilo tecnico-scientifico ed etico la strategia sperimentata per la prima volta in Gran Bretagna e definita "Riduzione del Danno" (RD), dal termine inglese Harm Reduction. La RD è una politica sociale con la quale si intende diminuire gli effetti negativi del consumo di droga attraverso modalità favorenti il contatto con il più vasto numero possibile di tossicodipendenti al fine di avviare un numero maggiore di essi verso un cammino di responsabilizzazione e di solidarietà. Alla base della RD stanno: 1. la presa di coscienza che il problema non è la droga, ma i suoi modi d'uso; 2. un programma incentrato sulla persona piuttosto che sulla sostanza stupefacente; 3. la consapevolezza che non esistono modelli terapeutici validi per tutti. Di positivo nella RD si riscontrano le premesse sopra citate, mentre gli aspetti negativi - alla luce dell'esperienza anglosassone - sono: 1. lo svincolamento da una concreta tensione al recupero integrale della persona per cui gli strumenti adottati rischiano di reiterare la cronicizzazione della tossicodipendenza; 2. l'ideologizzazione degli interventi; 3. la prevalenza degli interessi della popolazione su quelli della persona nell'utilizzo della spesa sanitaria complessiva; 4. l'inadeguatezza numerica degli operatori. In conclusione la RD come semplice "male minore" non può essere eticamente accettata in quanto favorisce le ulteriori deresponsabilizzazione e cronicizzazione della dipendenza. La RD può invece considerarsi valida solo come fase iniziale di un progetto volto al superamento della tossicomania, attraverso strategie come un più stretto colloquio tra operatore sanitario e paziente, l'avvio a comunità terapeutiche, il reinserimento lavorativo e familiare.
Nefropatie croniche e gravidanza: rischio renale materno
Authors: Stirati G. , Pierucci A. , Boccia E. , Mazzoni C. , Colonnelli R. , Rocca A. R. , Pachì A. , Spagnolo A. G.
Published: January 2022

In questo studio, prendendo spunto da un caso clinico di gravidanza in una paziente affetta da nefropatia da IgA (m. di Berger), si discutono due problemi: il rischio renale materno nelle nefropatie croniche e le "indicazioni" per il cosiddetto "aborto terapeutico". Vengono sottolineate le modificazioni fisiologiche della funzione renale e della pressione arteriosa in gravidanza, la cui conoscenza è indispensabile per una corretta valutazione clinica del singolo caso. Vengono inoltre presentate la casistica personale ed una rassegna della più recente letteratura circa gli effetti della gravidanza sulla funzione renate delle pazienti nefropatiche croniche. Si conclude che la gravidanza non esercita di per sé effetti dannosi sul decorso di tali nefropatie, almeno nelle pazienti la cui funzione renale risulta vicina alla norma al momento del concepimento. La prognosi appare più riservata in caso di insufficienza renale ( creatinemia > 1.4 mg/dl). Infine vengono esposte alcune considerazioni etiche sul cosiddetto "aborto terapeutico" sottolinenado che, già a causa degli attuali progressi in campo ostetrico, nefrologico e neonatologico, l'aborto non trova più posto logico nei moderni criteri assistenziali. Viene comunque richiamata l'attenzione degli operatori sanitari nel costante magistero della Chiesa Cattolica volto a ribadire il valore e l'inviolabilità della vita umana.
La cosiddetta riduzione embrionale sotto il profilo assistenziale ed etico
Authors: Bompiani A. , Guariglia L. , Rosati P.
Published: January 2022

Gli Autori analizzano la problematica della cosiddetta "riduzione" embrionale (RE), cioè la soppressione di embrioni in gravidanze plurigemellari ottenute in seguito a trattamenti contro la sterilità come l'induzione farmacologica dell'ovulazione o le tecniche di procreazione artificiale. Lo scopo della RE, infatti, mira ad ottenere maggiori possibilità di soprvvivenza fino al parto per i feti residui. Dopo aver illustrato la RE da un punto di vista medico, riferendosi in particolare ai problemi clinici, alle tecniche utilizzate ed alle complicanze secondo la più recente letteratura scientifica, vengono affrontati i problemi etici, legali e deontologici implicati nella RE. Sotto il profilo etico vengono classificate diverse posizioni: 1. la santità o intangibilità della vita, coincidente con l'insegnamento del Magistero cattolico seppure condivisa anche al di fuori del mondo ecclesiale. Questa è la posizione sostenuta anche dagli Autori dell'articolo; 2. la posizione per la quale si ammette la RE solo in previsione dell'attuarsi di un pericolo grave per m salute materna; 3. la visione utilitarista che riconosce nella materia doveri prima facie e non doveri assoluti, per cui la RE potrebbe attuarsi anche al di fuori di un'indicazione materna accertata; 4. la libertà di scelta della donna come primo principio. Dopo aver passato in sintetica rassegna i problemi medico-legali e deontologici connessi alla RE, ne vengono esaminate le possibilità di prevenzione. La RE, infatti, non è da considerarsi atteggiamento terapeutico in quanto contrario al principio di intangibilità della vita.
Medical genetic engineering and the Catholic Church's teaching
Authors: Serra Angelo
Published: January 2022

The main steps taken and the goals reached in the field of Human and Medicai genetics, the expected knowledge from the rapidly evolving Human Genome Project, and the new important medicai applications are briefly outlined. Then, the view of the Catholic Church on three controversial ethical problems arising from these new developments is proposed. As to the first problem, concerning the research on early human embryos, it seems clear that- whichever their origin and the type of experimentation- they are considered and treated, contrary to any other experimentation on humans, as pure producible and/or disposable objects, thus violating their human dignity and rights. As to the second problem, conceming the use of preimplantation and prenatal diagnosis with the aim to discover and abort embryos and fetuses who are or shall be affected by some serious disease, beside the patent eugenistic perspective one must recognize that they are innocent human beings who have an absolute right to life. As to the third problem, concerning the epidemiologic genetic surveillance, although this could afford a possible and plausible way of preventing the risk of affected conceptuses, it has already opened the door to a number of abuses against justice an d equity.
Advanced Liver Fibrosis Is Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Seo Da Hea , Suh Young Ju , Cho Yongin , Ahn Seong Hee , Seo Seongha , Hong Seongbin , Lee Yong-ho , Choi Young Ju , Lee Eunjig , Kim So Hun
Published: January 2022

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the causal relationship between NAFLD and CKD is uncertain, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to investigate the association between the presence and severity of NAFLD and incident CKD in patients with T2DM.Methods: In this longitudinal cohort study of patients with T2DM, 3,188 patients with preserved renal function were followed up for the occurrence of incident CKD. NAFLD was defined as the presence of hepatic steatosis on ultrasonography, without any other causes of chronic liver disease. Advanced liver fibrosis of NAFLD was defined as a fibrosis-4 index ≥2.67. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2.Results: At baseline, 1,729 (54.2%) patients had NAFLD, of whom 94 (5.4%) had advanced liver fibrosis. During the follow-up of 8.3±3.6 years, 472 (14.8%) patients developed incident CKD: 220 (15.1%) in the non-NAFLD group, 231 (14.1%) in the NAFLD without advanced fibrosis group and 28 (31.1%) in the NAFLD with advanced fibrosis group. There was no increased risk of incident CKD in the NAFLD group compared to the non-NAFLD group (P=0.435). However, among patients with NAFLD, advanced liver fibrosis was associated with an increased risk of CKD (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.15 to 2.66; P=0.009).Conclusion: Advanced liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD is independently associated with an increased risk of incident CKD in patients with T2DM.
Nosocomial meningitis in intensive care: a 10-year retrospective study and literature review
Authors: Valdoleiros Sofia R. , Torrão Cristina , Freitas Laura S. , Mano Diana , Gonçalves Celina , Teixeira Carla
Published: January 2022

Background: Nosocomial meningitis is a medical emergency that requires early diagnosis, prompt initiation of therapy, and frequent admission to the intensive care unit (ICU).Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in adult patients diagnosed with nosocomial meningitis who required admission to the ICU between April 2010 and March 2020. Meningitis/ventriculitis and intracranial infection were defined according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines.Results: An incidence of 0.75% of nosocomial meningitis was observed among 70 patients. The mean patient age was 59 years and 34% were ≥65 years. Twenty-two percent of patients were in an immunocompromised state. A clear predisposing factor for nosocomial meningitis (traumatic brain injury, basal skull fracture, brain hemorrhage, central nervous system [CNS] invasive procedure or device) was present in 93% of patients. Fever was the most frequent clinical feature. A microbiological agent was identified in 30% of cases, of which 27% were bacteria, with a predominance of Gram-negative over Gram-positive. Complications developed in 47% of cases, 24% of patients were discharged with a Glasgow coma scale <14, and 37% died. No clinical predictor of complications was identified. Advanced age (≥65 years old) and presence of complications were associated with higher hospital mortality. Conclusions: Nosocomial meningitis in intensive care has a low incidence rate but high mortality and morbidity. In a critical care patient with CNS-related risk factors, a high level of suspicion for meningitis must be employed, but diagnosis is hindered by several confounding factors.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies among Blood Donors in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, August–November 2020
Authors: Nguyen Hanh Hong Ho , Nguyen Quan Hoang , Truong Dung Thi Thuy , Dao Manh Huy , Le Tu Ngoc , Nguyen Hieu Trung , Nguyen Anh Hoang , Nguyen Thinh Viet , Hoang Dao Thi Nhu , Hoang Loan Kim , Tran Tham Thi , Cao Thang Minh , Luong Quang Chan , Phan Lan Trong , Huynh Loan Thi Kim , Nguyen Thuong Vu , Pham Quang Duy
Published: January 2022

Relatively little is known about the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibodies and COVID-19-related behaviors in the general population in Vietnam, where the first case of COVID-19 was detected on January 22, 2020. We surveyed a group of 885 blood donors at community blood donation sessions in Ho Chi Minh City from August 27 to November 7, 2020. Blood was collected to test for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies using the plaque reduction neutralization test. We adjusted the seroprevalence by weight for ages 18 to 59 years old obtained from the 2019 population census. The weighted seroprevalence estimate for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing IgG antibodies was 0.20% (95% CI, 0.05–0.81). Reports of usually or always using a mask in public places were observed at high levels of 28.6% and 67.5%, respectively. The percentages of usually or always washing hands with soap or disinfecting with hand sanitizer after touching items in public places were 48.0% and 37.6%, respectively. Although our findings suggest undocumented exposure to the virus, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among blood donors was low in this city.
Evaluation of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Time-of flight Mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) and VITEK 2 in routine microbial identification
Authors: Madhavan Anitha , Sachu Arun , Sethuraman Nandini , Kumar Anil , Vasudevapanicker Jayalakshmi
Published: January 2022

Background: Microbial Identification was done by phenotypic methods. VITEK-2 and Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) are now being increasingly used in laboratories.Objectives: To compare and evaluate the usefulness of MALDI-TOF MS and VITEK-2 in routine microbial identification.Methods: The performances of MALDI-TOF MS and VITEK 2 were compared for identifying microorganisms.Results: MALDI- TOF MS and VITEK-2 correctly identified 96 % (96/100) and 97% (97/100) of the isolates upto the genus level.Conclusion: MALDI TOF MS and VITEK -2 gave comparable identification and error rates. The rapid reduction in turnaround time with MALDI TOF is a significant game-changer in the field of clinical microbiology
Distal femoral arthropometry in Nigerians and its correlation to total knee replacement implants
Authors: I Akinmokun Olasode , N. Ibeabuchi Nwachukwu , A. Adejumobi Sekinat , S. Ajayi Abisola , O. Thomas Oyinlola
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Total Knee replacement (TKR) is performed to relieve pain and restore both the mechanical axis and joint line whenever indicated. Most of prostheses being used for TKR were manufactured using dimensions from Caucasians’ measurements. This study documented the dimensions of distal femora of Nigerians and correlated the dimensions with different TKR prostheses.Materials and methods: Fifty-six matured femora were measured. Dimensions of distal femora from other regions were retrieved from published articles. The dimensions of TKR prosthesis were extracted from product monographs. Analyses were done with Microsoft excel 2010 (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, United States) and STATA version 13 (StataCorp, Texas. USA). Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05Results: The average Mediolateral dimension was 79.3 ± 4.4 mm. The anterioposterior dimensions of the medial and lateral condyles were 63.7 ± 3.6 mm and 64.9 ± 3.3 mm respectively. There were no significant differences between the left and right distal femur. The average aspect ratio calculated was1.23 ± 0.05. There was a mismatch of aspect ratio of the distal femora and those of the prostheses. Equations that can be useful both clinically and in forensic medicine were generated.Conclusion: This study has provided measurements that can be considered when the designing of a suitable femoral component of total knee prosthesis for Nigerians. This study also provided equations that can be used to estimate the dimensions of the medial and the lateral condyles and femoral length from parts of distal femur in forensic medicine.
Visual impairment among eye health workers in a tertiary eye centre in Ghana
Authors: N. Tagoe Naamuah , Abaidoo Benjamin , Fordjuor Gladys , A. Seidu Yakubu , A. Acquah Serwaa , E. Akafo Andrew , Buxton Eileen , Fiadoyor Dorothy , Afenyo George , O. Asiedu Samuel , A. Essuman Vera
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine causes of visual impairment (VI) among staff of the Eye Centre at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital.Design: This was a cross-sectional study.Setting: The Eye Centre, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), from October 2016 to March 2017 on all consenting members of staff.Participants: Eighty-four (79.3%) of 106 consenting staff members participated in this study.Data collection/Intervention: A detailed history (demographic, ocular, medical co-morbid conditions), ocular examination and relevant diagnostic investigations were conducted. Interventions initiated included treatment for glaucoma, dry eye and allergic conjunctivitis and spectacles prescription for refractive errors.Main outcomes: Prevalence of avoidable causes of VI (glaucoma, cataract, refractive errors). Secondary outcomes included prevalence of unavoidable causes of VI. Results Eighty-four (79.3%) members of staff participated in this study. Most of the participants were females, 54(64.3 %). Age ranged from 23 to 60 years with an average of 35.8±9.9 years (mean ± SD). Prevalence of VI was 9.5 % (8/84), all due to uncorrected refractive error. Other known causes of VI included open angle glaucoma in 12(14.3 %), macular scar of unknown cause, 1(1.2 %) and sutural cataract, 1(1.2 %) but were all visually insignificant.Conclusions: The prevalence of VI among the staff of the Eye Centre of the KBTH was 9.5 %, all due to refractive errors. Other known causes of avoidable visual impairment and blindness encountered were glaucoma (14.3 %), macular scar (1.2 %) and cataract (1.2 %), all asymptomatic. Routine eye screening should be part of periodic medical examination for employees.
Community-based restorative justice: Challenging ‘cultures of violence’ in local communities
Authors:   , Jenks Rebecca
Published: January 2022

The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the efforts of community-based restorative justice agencies in responding to ‘cultures of violence’ in local communities in Northern Ireland. The first research objective is to explore the rationale behind the emergence of community-based restorative justice in Northern Ireland. The second research objective is to capture the perspectives of community restorative justice practitioners on the methods used to challenge ‘cultures of violence’. The third research objective is to identify and interpret principles of good practice in the use of community-based restorative justice in Northern Ireland with respect to tackling ‘cultures of violence’ and promoting key restorative principles. The key literature in the thesis explores the application of theory, defining restorative justice, previous and other context research and the emergence of ‘cultures of violence’ and community-based restorative justice within the Northern Ireland Context. This thesis uses a mixed methods research design that uses both semi-structured interviews and document based research to collect data. It uses both an inductive and deductive approach to thematic analysis to analyse the data. It focuses on five themes. The key findings from this project were that community based-restorative justice can be used to challenge ‘cultures of violence’ but won’t necessarily eradicate the problem. Restorative justice practices should be placed at a community level especially in working class areas where cultures of violence are seen to thrive, and should be made available to young males who are most susceptible to the dangers associated with cultures of violence such as rioting, anti-social behaviour and punishment violence. However, these practices need to continue to be legitimately managed through government accreditation schemes and partnership working with the police to ensure the sustainability of the projects.
A Complex Network Clustering and Phase Transition Models for Stock Price Dynamics before Crashes
Authors: Ren Jiajia , Yalamova Rossitsa
Published: January 2022

Researchers from multiple disciplines have tried to understand the mechanism of stock market crashes. Precursory patterns before crashes agree with various empirical studies published by econophysicists, namely the prolific work of Didier Sornette. We intend to add more empirical evidence of synchronization of trading and demonstrate the prospect of predicting stock market crashes by analyzing clusters’ dynamics in the period of bubble build-up leading to a crash. We apply the Potential-based Hierarchical Agglomerative (PHA) Method, the Backbone Extraction Method, and the Dot Matrix Plot on S&P500 companies daily returns. Our innovative approach is proposed in this paper, empirical results and discussion presented in another publication.
THE EYE-SPOT DISEASE OF SUGAR CANE
Authors: Cook Melville T.
Published: January 2022

1. The "eye spot" disease which is caused by Helminthosporium sacchari Butler is serious on certain varieties of sugar cane in Porto Rico. 2. It is most severe on F.C. 306 and D. 109 with H. 109 as a poor third. The Uba and P.O.J. canes are most resistant. 3. The susceptibility varies with leaf structure, the higher the fiber content the greater the resistance. However, there appears to be some slight correlation with sucrose content. 4. The young leaves are more susceptible than the old leaves; the bases and upper surfaces more susceptible than the tips and lower surfaces. 5. The spores and sporophores germinate readily in water and penetrate the leaf without regard to the stomata. The greatest mycelial growth is in the parenchyma tissues. The spores are borne more abundantly on the lower than on the upper surface of the leaf. 6. The disease is most severe during the cool, wet months of the year. Temperature appears to be the most important environmental factor. 7. The most satisfactory control for Porto Rico at his time consists in the use of resistant varieties.
PHOTO-SYNTHESIS OF THE SUGAR CANE MOSAIC PLANT
Authors: Cook Melville T.
Published: January 2022

Resumen en inglés
NOTES ON PORTO RICAN THYSANOPTERA
Authors: Dozier H. L.
Published: January 2022

Resumen en inglés
PENGARUH KREATIVITAS DAN PEMBINAAN TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN USAHA PADA UMKM DI KELURAHAN NELAYAN INDAH MEDAN LABUHAN
Authors: Nurhaliza Siti , Asnawi Muhammad , Nasution Umar Hamdan
Published: January 2022

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of creativity and coaching on business success in UMKM in the Village of Nelayan Indah, Medan Labuhan. All of these instruments have been tested for validity validity of the results, the value of rcount in the Pearson correlation is positive and sig (2-tailed) 0.05, which proves the instrument is valid (valid), while for the reliability of the results, Cronbach's Alpha if the item Deleted is greater than 0.60, which proves reliable instrument. From the results of the research conducted, it is known that the statistical test results of the t-value on the creativity variable with a tcount of 0.442ttable 1.990 and a probability of Sig.0.660α0.05, then the effect of creativity on business success is not significant. While the value of tcount 4,501 ttable 1,990 and the probability of Sig. 0.000 0.05 on the coaching variable, the influence of coaching on business success is significant. While in the F test the results of the study answered the problem formulation that there was an influence of creativity (X1) and coaching (X2) together on business success (Y) where the value of Fcount 41.576 Ftable 3.11 with a probability of Sig. 0.000 0.05 and the determination test resulted in an R square of 0.516, this means 51.6% of the variation in business success which can be explained by the independent variables of creativity and coaching. While the remaining 48.4% can be explained by other independent variables, outside of this regression.
DAMPAK IMPLEMENTASI STANDAR AKUNTANSI PEMERINTAHAN TERHADAP KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Darma Nasution Dito Aditia , Erlina Erlina , Muda Iskandar , Yahya Idhar
Published: January 2022

This study aims to examine the impact of implementing government accounting standards on the quality of the financial statements of the North Sumatra Provincial Government. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach, which explains in the form of tables and graphs the condition of objects and research results with the help of simple regression data analysis. The data used in this study is primary data and data collection is carried out through questionnaires to 40 respondents who are employees of the Regional Financial Management Unit who carry out the main tasks and functions of regional financial management in the North Sumatra Provincial Government. This research is expected to provide information regarding the impact of implementing government accounting standards on the quality of the financial statements of the North Sumatra Provincial Government. This research is also expected to be used as a reference in making decisions to improve the quality of financial reports in the North Sumatra Provincial Government and as a reference for further researchers to find factors that affect the quality of financial reports. Based on the results of the tests conducted, this study found that the implementation of government accounting standards had a positive and significant effect on the quality of the financial statements of the North Sumatra Provincial Government. Through the analysis of determination, it was also found that the quality of financial statements can be explained by the implementation of government accounting standards by 80.4% and the remaining 19.6% can be explained by other variables outside the model studied.
DAMPAK SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN TERHADAP DUNIA PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Rahmadi Fuji , Munisa Munisa , Rozana Salma , Rangkuti Charles , Ependi Rustam , Hariyanto Eko
Published: January 2022

The problems of education in North Sumatra are very complex. The complex problems of the world of education have implications for the low quality of education in the North Sumatra area. One of the causes of these problems and implications is the lack of synergy between the world of education and the world of technology. Meanwhile, the public's interest in getting a quality education is very high. Thus, it can be seen that there is a low quality of education with very high public interest. One of the leading digital companies in North Sumatra that links and matches technology with the world of education is PT. Engineering Technology Metromatics. This company is a company that combines insight and strategy to create the best digital products. One of the products of this company that is very suitable to solve the problems of the world of education that has been stated is the application of information systems. This application is a school management-based application that can help educational institutions to create a learning environment and management activities to be more effective and efficient.
Cambios de residencia en tiempos de COVID-19: un poco de oxígeno para el despoblamiento rural
Authors: Gónzalez Leonardo Miguel , López-Gay Antonio , Recaño Valverde Joaquín , Rowe Francisco
Published: January 2022

Tras la irrupción de la pandemia de COVID-19, diversas voces, sobre todo desde ámbitos no académicos, especularon acerca de un potencial éxodo urbano hacia las áreas rurales. Sin embargo, esta hipótesis no ha podido ser corroborada hasta ahora debido a la falta de datos con el detalle territorial adecuado. En este Perspectives Demogràfiques se muestran los principales resultados de una investigación liderada por el Centre d’Estudis Demogràfics y la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, analizando las migraciones internas entre las ciudades, los espacios periurbanos y las áreas rurales durante el año 2020, comparando con los cuatro años que preceden a la pandemia. Para el análisis, se utilizan los microdatos de la Estadística de Variaciones Residenciales (EVR) del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), que contienen todos los cambios de residencia entre los 8.131 municipios españoles. Los resultados muestran alteraciones reseñables en 2020, que se plasmaron principalmente en un descenso de los movimientos hacia las ciudades y en un aumento en las salidas desde ellas, especialmente hacia municipios rurales. Estos flujos de personas tuvieron un notable impacto demográfico en las áreas rurales. No obstante, a pesar de los cambios observados, la mayor parte de las migraciones internas fueron mayoritariamente entre ciudades, al igual que antes de la pandemia, y todo apunta a que se trató de un hecho coyuntural.
The Diversity Of Macrozoobenthos River Aek Buru District Labuhan Batu Utara
Authors: Arman Harahap
Published: January 2022

Benthos are organisms that live in the bottom of the waters, either animal or plant, living on the surface and in the bottom of the waters. This study aims to determine the diversity of Macrozoobenthos in the River Aek Hurry. The study began in November 2021 to January 2021. Sampling of macrozoobenthos done using a Surber net. based on differences in the substrate at the base of the river. Macrozoobenthos found in the Aek Buru consists of two Phyla, namely the Arthropods and Mollusks. Phylum Arthropoda are found is of the class of Insects belonging to the genus Hydropsyche, Polycentropus, psephenus, Dryops, Anthopotamu, Acroneuria and Triops. The phylum of Mollusks that are found are from a class of Bilvavia included in the Genus Corbicula and of the class of Gastropods of the Genera Melanoides and Melanatria. The abundance of macrozoobenthos of the highest on each of the stations is Polycentropus (66,67 ind/L) and Potadoma (266,67 ind/L). The abundance of macrozoobenthos of the highest found is Melanatria by 622,2 ind/L. Based on the value of the Index of Diversity (H) (0,367 – 0,602) the index of dominance (C) (0,132 – 0,386) and the evenness (E) (0,367 – 0,602) River Aek Buru in the category good condition with high species diversity. Physical and chemical factors of the water body capable of supporting life macrozoobenthos.
Analisis Sebaran Spasial Kerawanan Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kota Medan
Authors: Purba Sulastri , Khalik Nurmaini , Indirawati Sri Malem
Published: January 2022

Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue adalah penyakit endemis di Kota Medan. Iklim mengubah dinamika transisi vektor penyebar penyakit dan kepadatan penduduk menyebabkan peningkatan kontak antara vektor dan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis secara spasial distirbusi demam berdarah dengue berdasarkan kondisi iklim dan kepadatan penduduk di Kota Medan dengan pendekatan studi ekologi dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman dan Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara statistik ada hubungan kejadian DBD dengan suhu udara (r = -0,374 dan p=0,001), kelembaban (r = -0,370 dan p= 0,001), sedangkan kejadian DBD tidak memiliki hubungan dengan curah hujan (r = 0,078 dan p= 0,516) dan kepadatan penduduk (r = -0,180 dan p=0,067). Dari hasil secara spasial daerah kerawanan tinggi DBD adalah Kecamatan Medan Tuntungan, Medan Johor, Medan Denai, Medan Selayang, Medan Sunggal, Medan Helvetia, Medan Deli
Pengaruh Motivasi, Self Efficacy, dan Komitmen Karyawan terhadap Kinerja Perawat di Rumah Sakit Hermina Depok
Authors: Harianja Nurianna , Kusumapraja Rokiah , Wekadigunawan CSP
Published: January 2022

Kinerja karyawan merupakan salah satu faktor yang memegang peranan penting dalam mencapai tujuan perusahaan dan tujuan individu. Kinerja adalah suatu kemampuan yang dimiliki seseorang untuk menyelesaikan tugas yang diberikan oleh atasan sehingga diselesaikan dengan kemampuan, kemauan dan keterampilan seseorang. Tinggi rendahnya kinerja seorang pegawai ditentukan oleh faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh motivasi, efikasi diri, dan komitmen karyawan terhadap kinerja perawat di RS Hermina Depok. Data yang digunakan adalah hasil penyebaran kuesioner secara langsung pada bulan September sampai November 2020 di RS Hermina Depok. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan proportional systematic sampling dimana terdapat 200 sampel dari dua status kepegawaian yang berbeda yaitu pegawai tetap dan kontrak. Ada empat variabel dalam penelitian ini, yaitu motivasi, efikasi diri, serta komitmen dan kinerja karyawan. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan angket dan diukur menggunakan skala likert. Data dianalisis menggunakan Structural Equation Model (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi, efikasi diri, dan komitmen karyawan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja perawat, baik secara parsial maupun simultan
Students’ Age, Perceptions of Poor Performance, and Fear of Negative Assessment in English Speaking as Predictors of Academic Performance in Male and Female Students
Authors: Ali Rafaquat , Shoukat Bushra , Bahoo Rabia
Published: January 2022

The students’ implicit theories of intelligence and ability play a crucial role in determining their interest and effort in their studies. The negative mindset promotes poor perceptions of performance and fear of negative evaluation in students, which negatively impacts their learning and academic performance. The English language experts have tried to understand these perceptions of poor performance and fear of negative evaluation in English speech anxiety. Gender and age differences are present in implicit theories and perceptions of poor performance, fear of negative evaluation, and speech anxiety. Therefore, the current study explored the role of age in perceptions of poor performance and fear of negative evaluation in English speaking anxiety and academic performance among male and female students. The sample of the study was 956 university students. Generalized structured component analysis multi-group approach revealed the differing impacts of age on dimensions of negative thoughts in English speaking and academic performance in male and female students. The direct effect of age on students’ academic performance was insignificant. However, the students’ perceptions of poor performance mediated the impact of age on academic performance. The effect of perceptions of poor performance on academic performance was negative compared to the positive effect of fear of negative evaluation on students’ academic performance.
Students Anxiety and Its Causes in Mathematics: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed Method Design
Authors: Akram Muzammila , Farwa Beenish , Zafar Jam Muhammad , Niaz Syeda Fatima
Published: January 2022

From the last few decades, math anxiety has become the major concern of educationists. Students’ academic achievement especially in mathematics has been considered as a crucial factor in determining the future progress of students. But unfortunately, the participation rate of students in mathematics is decreasing day by day. The main objectives of the study were to assess secondary school students’ anxiety in mathematics and to explore the causes of students’ anxiety in mathematics.  A sequential explanatory mixed method research design was used. The data was collected through both quantitative and qualitative methods. A five-point rating scale questionnaire was developed for quantitative data collection. The tool was validated through pilot testing. 100 students participated in pilot testing. Internal consistency of the instrument was assessed by Croanbach’s alpha which was 0.7. The targeted population of the study was both male and female secondary school students from the district Bahawalpur, Punjab.  Out of the whole population, 726 male and female students were approached via multi-stage sampling technique.  After quantitative data collection data was entered in SPSS version 20 and percentage, frequency distribution and mean score was calculated.  Based on the quantitative data results it was observed that secondary school students were numerophobic and had moderately a high level of anxiety in mathematics. On the basis of quantitative results, interviews of secondary school teachers were conducted to explore the causes of students’ anxiety in mathematics. 20 teachers were approached via purposive sampling. The qualitative data revealed that major causes of students’ anxiety in mathematics were lack of practice, lack of previous knowledge, communication gap between student and teacher, and lack of interest in mathematics.
Análise de componentes moleculares da espuma e da toxina presente na glândula salivar de cigarrinha das pastagens
Authors:   , Rinaldi Angelo José
Published: January 2022

Mahanarva spectabilis conhecida como cigarrinha-das-pastagens é o principal inseto-praga que causa severos danos as forrageiras tropicais, comprometendo a produção bovina e também a cadeia leiteira. Os adultos das cigarrinhas atacam a planta causando danos foliares como a clorose. As ninfas, por sua vez, criaram um mecanismo de proteção eficaz contra perda de umidade, contra variações de temperaturas e contra ação de inimigos naturais que é a produção de uma espuma que o encobre. Como estes mecanismos podem ser importantes para o controle do inseto-praga, foram analisados alguns dos constituintes das glândulas salivares como agentes citotóxicos, além da constituição proteica da espuma. Análises por SDS-PAGE LC/MS identificaram a região codificadora de uma proteína de 66 kDa apresentando alta abundância relativa na espuma. A presença deste gene de origem genômica foi confirmada por PCR, e como sendo de função desconhecida pela ausência de homólogos descritos. Um metabólito presente em alta abundância na glândula salivar foi identificado com alta similaridade com a toxina de origem fúngica Citocalasina B, podendo estar envolvido na produção do sintoma de clorose nas folhas. Portanto, as caracterizações funcionais dos componentes moleculares identificados poderão ser alvo para o desenvolvimento de mecanismo de controle na interação do inseto- praga.
Caracterização puberal de novilhas girolando 3/4 e 5/8
Authors:   , Schmidt Ana Paula Pereira
Published: January 2022

A partir da hipótese de que novilhas da raça Girolando pertencentes a dois grupos de constituição genética distintas tornam-se púberes em momentos diferentes, o presente projeto objetiva a identificação e a caracterização da puberdade nesses animais para aumento na eficiência da produção leiteira. Foram selecionadas 61 novilhas da raça Girolando, sendo 18 animais 3/4 e 43 5/8 de composição genética Holandes e Gir (CG) inicialmente com idade entre cinco e 12 meses. A cada 21 dias, se avaliava o trato reprodutivo e a atividade ovariana, as medidas corporais e o peso dos animais. Ao final do experimento, os dados coletados foram submetidos a análise estatística para avaliação dos resultados e pode-se concluir que não há diferença considerável acerca da puberdade de novilhas Girolando 3/4 e 5/8. Dentre as características avaliadas no momento da ovulação (altura de cernelha, garupa, distância entre os ílios, entre os ísquios, peso e idade), somente distância entre os ísquios e área da pelve apresentaram diferença estatística entre as duas CG.