bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Androgen Receptor and ALDH1 Expression Among Internationally Diverse Patient Populations
Authors: Jiagge Evelyn , Jibril Aisha Souleiman , Davis Melissa , Murga-Zamalloa Carlos , Kleer Celina G. , Gyan Kofi , Divine George , Hoenerhoff Mark , Bensenhave Jessica , Awuah Baffour , Oppong Joseph , Adjei Ernest , Salem Barbara , Toy Kathy , Merajver Sofia , Wicha Max , Newman Lisa
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Population-based incidence rates of breast cancers that are negative for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/ neu (triple-negative breast cancer [TNBC]) are higher among African American (AA) compared with white American (WA) women, and TNBC prevalence is elevated among selected populations of African patients. The extent to which TNBC risk is related to East African versus West African ancestry, and whether these associations extend to expression of other biomarkers, is uncertain.

Methods

We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/ neu, androgen receptor and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) expression among WA (n = 153), AA (n = 76), Ethiopian (Eth)/East African (n = 90), and Ghanaian (Gh)/West African (n = 286) patients with breast cancer through an institutional review board–approved international research program.

Results

Mean age at diagnosis was 43, 49, 60, and 57 years for the Eth, Gh, AA, and WA patients, respectively. TNBC frequency was higher for AA and Gh patients (41% and 54%, respectively) compared with WA and Eth patients (23% and 15%, respectively; P < .001) Frequency of ALDH1 positivity was higher for AA and Gh patients (32% and 36%, respectively) compared with WA and Eth patients (23% and 17%, respectively; P = .007). Significant differences were observed for distribution of androgen receptor positivity: 71%, 55%, 42%, and 50% for the WA, AA, Gh, and Eth patients, respectively ( P = .008).

Conclusion

Extent of African ancestry seems to be associated with particular breast cancer phenotypes. West African ancestry correlates with increased risk of TNBC and breast cancers that are positive for ALDH1.
Burden of Cancer Among Syrian Refugees in Jordan
Authors: Mansour Asem , Al-Omari Amal , Sultan Iyad
Published: October 2018

The Syrian crisis, which started in 2011, has had a profound impact on the entire region. Jordan, with its limited resources, now has the second highest ratio of refugees to inhabitants in the world (89 to 1,000). The actual number of Syrians in Jordan is hotly contested: more than 630,776 refugees registered in November 2015 compared with 1,265,514 reported by the national census conducted at the same time. Although the numbers are slowly but steadily increasing, the number of patients with cancer who were registered by the Jordan Cancer Registry peaked in 2013 at 510 patients reported and subsequently slumped downward, which coincided with changes in funding as a result of the increasing strains on the Ministry of Health. Older individuals, women, and patients with advanced diseases were less likely to be registered. These findings overlap with data obtained from the authors’ own center registry. Using age- and sex-specific population-based incidence rates, we estimated that 869 Syrians are diagnosed with cancer in Jordan annually. Using diagnosis-specific cost records of the King Hussein Cancer Foundation, we estimated that the cost of their treatments is 15.6 million Jordan dinars (US$22.1 million).
The Adrenal Clock Prevents Aberrant Light-Induced Alterations in Circadian Glucocorticoid Rhythms
Authors: Engeland William C , Massman Logan , Mishra Shubhendu , Yoder J Marina , Leng Sining , Pignatti Emanuele , Piper Mary E , Carlone Diana L , Breault David T , Kofuji Paulo
Published: October 2018

The glucocorticoid (GC) rhythm is entrained to light-dark (LD) cycles via a molecular clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and is maintained by an adrenal clock synchronized by SCN-dependent signals. Targeted deletion of the core clock gene Bmal1 can disrupt adrenal clock function. The requirement of the adrenal clock to stabilize the circadian GC rhythm during exposure to aberrant LD cycles was determined using novel aldosterone synthase (AS)Cre/+::Bmal1Fl/Fl mice in which Bmal1 deletion occurred during postnatal adrenal transdifferentiation. To examine whether adrenal Bmal1 deletion results in loss of the adrenal clock, mice were crossed with mPER2::Luciferase (mPER2Luc/+) mice. Adrenals from ASCre/+::Bmal1+/+::PER2Luc/+ [control (CTRL)] mice show mPER2Luc rhythms ex vivo, whereas slices from ASCre/+::Bmal1Fl/Fl::PER2Luc/+ [knockout (KO)] mice show dampened rhythms. To monitor corticosterone rhythmicity, mice were implanted with subcutaneous microdialysis probes and sampled at 60-minute intervals for up to 3 days under 12:12-hour [τ (T) 24] LD or 3.5:3.5-hour (T7) LD cycles. Corticosterone rhythms were entrained to T24 LD in CTRL and KO mice. Under T7 LD, circadian corticosterone rhythms persisted in most CTRL mice but not KO mice. Hyperadrenocorticism also was observed in KO mice under T7 LD, reflected by increased corticosterone peak amplitude, total daily corticosterone, and responses to ACTH. Analysis of dysregulated adrenal genes in KO mice exposed to aberrant light identified candidates involved in cholesterol metabolism and trafficking, including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, which could increase steroidogenesis. Our results show that the adrenal clock functions to buffer steroidogenic responses to aberrant light and stabilize circadian GC rhythmicity.
A New Multisystem Disorder Caused by the Gαs Mutation p.F376V
Authors: Biebermann Heike , Kleinau Gunnar , Schnabel Dirk , Bockenhauer Detlef , Wilson Louise C , Tully Ian , Kiff Sarah , Scheerer Patrick , Reyes Monica , Paisdzior Sarah , Gregory John W , Allgrove Jeremy , Krude Heiko , Mannstadt Michael , Gardella Thomas J , Dattani Mehul , Jüppner Harald , Grüters Annette
Published: October 2018

Context

The α subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gαs) links numerous receptors to adenylyl cyclase. Gαs, encoded by GNAS, is expressed predominantly from the maternal allele in certain tissues. Thus, maternal heterozygous loss-of-function mutations cause hormonal resistance, as in pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ia, whereas somatic gain-of-function mutations cause hormone-independent endocrine stimulation, as in McCune-Albright syndrome.

Objective

We report two unrelated boys presenting with a new combination of clinical findings that suggest both gain and loss of Gαs function.

Design and Setting

Clinical features were studied and sequencing of GNAS was performed. Signaling capacities of wild-type and mutant Gαs were determined in the presence of different G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) under basal and agonist-stimulated conditions.

Results

Both unrelated patients presented with unexplained hyponatremia in infancy, followed by severe early onset gonadotrophin-independent precocious puberty and skeletal abnormalities. An identical heterozygous de novo variant (c.1136T>G; p.F376V) was found on the maternal GNAS allele in both patients; this resulted in a clinical phenotype that differed from known Gαs-related diseases and suggested gain of function at the vasopressin 2 receptor (V2R) and lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR), yet increased serum PTH concentrations indicative of impaired proximal tubular PTH1 receptor (PTH1R) function. In vitro studies demonstrated that Gαs-F376V enhanced ligand-independent signaling at the PTH1R, LHCGR, and V2R and, at the same time, blunted ligand-dependent responses. Structural homology modeling suggested mutation-induced modifications at the C-terminal α5 helix of Gαs that are relevant for interaction with GPCRs and signal transduction.

Conclusions

The Gαs p.F376V mutation causes a previously unrecognized multisystem disorder.
Mapping Perceptions of Language Variation in Wisconsin
Authors: Braun Sarah
Published: October 2018

This article investigates whether residents of central Wisconsin perceive language variation within their state and, if they do, what it looks like according to them. To achieve these aims, this study examines the perspectives of one central Wisconsin community regarding internal language differentiation within the state. It follows the perceptual dialectology paradigm, based on work by Dennis Preston, in that it studies how nonlinguists view language variation within Wisconsin. Respondents completed Preston’s draw-a-map task, which additionally asked them to label each indicated area. The drawn boundaries were digitalized using ArcGIS to create composite maps to allow for systematic comparison. The labels provided by the respondents were analyzed to see how this group of Wisconsin residents views the speech of each identified region and thus to see whether there are distinctly enregistered dialects within Wisconsin for these respondents. Findings show three distinctly perceived areas within the state: the Milwaukee area, the north of the state, and the participants’ own area, central Wisconsin. The analysis of the labels indicates that an urban-rural divide is at play for perception of the first two mentioned areas, whereas perceptioin of the latter identified area reflects the belief in a regionally located standard variety.
ΔΙΑΦΟΡΙΚΗ ΔΙΑΓΝΩΣΙΣ ΜΕΤΑΞΥ ΝΩΠΩΝ KAI ΚΑΤΕΨΥΓΜΕΝΩΝ ΙΧΘΥΩΝ ΕΝ ΑΠΟΨΥΞΕΙ
Authors: ΚΑΡΑΜΑΡΙΑΣ Δ. , ΠΟΛΥΜΕΝΙΔΗΣ Α.
Published: October 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
A unified GenomeSpace recipe to identify essential genes and associated subnetworks from Genome-Scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens
Authors: Carlin Daniel E. , Kim Forrest , Ideker Trey , Mesirov Jill P.
Published: October 2018

We present a unified GenomeSpace recipe that combines the results of a high throughput CRISPR genetic screen and a biological network to return a subnetwork that suggests a mechanistic explanation of the screen’s results. The explanatory subnetwork is found by network propagation, a popular systems biology approach.  We demonstrate our pipeline on an alpha toxin screen, revealing a subnetwork that is both highly interconnected and highly enriched for hits in the screen.
The Model of the Individual-Creative Training of a Future Teacher
Authors: Шайденко Н. , Shaydenko N.
Published: October 2018

The article is devoted to the individual-creative approach to the training of a teacher which is, in the author’s opinion, opposed to the reproductive-mass approach. The main aim of the author is to show how to implement this approach in practice. To achieve this goal, a detailed analysis of modeling in pedagogical science is given. The construction of the model required the analysis of the interrelated concepts of “structure” and “system”. The article proves that the integration development of individual abilities, activity and creativity is necessary in the modeling and implementation of the individualcreative training of a future teacher. The article describes the tasks of the individual-creative training of a teacher and the stages of the implementation of these tasks. The article presents the structural elements and the qualities of the personality of a teacher which are being formed within each stage. The article proves the relationship in the structure of the individual-creative training of a teacher, motivational-creative, theoretical and practical training. The author traces the role of educational-cognitive tasks which are considered a microelement of the model of the individual-creative training of a teacher in the organization of academic and extracurricular work, academic and scientifi c activity of students. The main outcome of the implementation of the described model is the development of the creative individuality of a teacher.
Legal space: boundaries and dynamics
Authors: Тихомиров Юрий , Tikhomirov YUriy , Головина Анна , Golovina Anna , Плюгина Инна , Plyugina Inna , Черемисинова Мария , Cheremisinova Mariya , Шульга С. , Shulga S.
Published: October 2018

The monograph continues a series of theoretical studies on the problems of legal regulation, which are associated with the development of integration and globalization, ensuring the sovereignty of States, changes in the authorization of legal systems.
In the book of characteristics of legal spaces and the nature of legal borders. The analysis of their types in the territorial and virtual dimensions is carried out, the normative and factual material is generalized, on the basis of the results of scientific research and materials of judicial practice a number of conclusions and practical recommendations aimed at overcoming conflicts and finding the optimal legal regulation of social relations in the conditions of cross-border many modern processes are prepared.
For legal scholars, teachers, students and postgraduates of higher educational institutions, employees of state bodies and deputies, representatives of business structures.
Legal regulation of strategic planning in the field of public Finance
Authors: Кудряшова Екатерина , Kudryashova Ekaterina
Published: October 2018

The monograph presents a theoretical study of the legal regulation of state financial planning in the system of strategic planning of the Russian Federation. Russia is one of the first in the world to reach a level of strategic planning that allows it to be given a legislative form.
The work is aimed at the formation of a systematic theoretical approach to the legal regulation of public Finance planning. The complex interdisciplinary approach is used: the achievements of economic, political and other social Sciences on the issues of state financial planning are summarized and the most significant conclusions and provisions for legal regulation are revealed.
The author addresses the problem of correlation of law, policy and other means of planning regulation in the field of public Finance. The mechanism of legal regulation of state financial planning is considered in detail. Particular attention is paid to the concept of financial and planning acts, financial relations, problems of law enforcement. The features and common regularities of legal regulation of the state financial planning in different spheres of Finance are analyzed: budget, state revenues and expenditures, in the financial market.
For researchers, representatives of social and political organizations, lawyers, practicing lawyers and economists, state and municipal employees, judges and arbitrators, teachers, postgraduates, students studying in legal and economic specialties.
Factors Revealed while Posing Mathematical Modelling Problems by Mathematics Student Teachers
Authors: Kula-Unver Semiha , Hidiroglu Caglar Naci , Tekin-Dede Ayse , Bukova-Guzel Esra
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study is to reveal factors considered by mathematics student teachers while posing modelling problems. The participants were twenty-seven mathematics student teachers and posed their modelling problems within their groups. The data were obtained from the modelling problems posed by the participants, their solutions on these problems and the groups’ reflective diaries regarding their problem posing and solution processes. The data were analyzed by using content analysis and the codes were constructed according to the problems’ contents. The participants' diaries were examined in terms of generated codes and the expressions supporting/relating the codes were determined. While designing the problems, the participants considered the factors such as being interesting, understandable, appropriateness to real life and modelling process, model construction, and usability of different mathematical concepts. Their solutions were generally handled in terms of usage of the mathematical statements, appropriateness to the modelling process and being meaningful for real life. Modelling training should be provided to enable the student teachers to develop modelling problems and their designs should be examined and the feedbacks should be given.
The effect of lead acetate administration to the uterine malondialdehyde level and endometrial thickness in albino rats (Rattus novergicus)
Authors: Diantini Novita S.E. , Soeharto Setyawati , Wiyasa I W.A.
Published: October 2018

Background: Indonesian seawater has been found to contain a high level of lead acetate and tends to become toxic. The previous study suggested lead acetate exposure could be harmful to many organs including the brain, liver, heart, as well as the reproductive system. This study aimed to analyze the effect of lead acetate on both the uterine level of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and endometrial thickness in female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into 4 groups: 1 control group, and 3 treatment groups that were given lead acetate at 30, 100, and 300 ppm p.o./day for 30 days, consecutively. Rats were sacrificed; the uterus was isolated and processed for both MDA level measurements (using TBARS and a spectrophotometer) and histopathology using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.Results: There was no significant difference in mean MDA level between the control and lead acetate administration groups. There was a reduction in endometrial thickness from 352.6±81.88 µm in the control group to 323.5±90.67 µm; 313.6±40.30 µm; 303.4±62.75 µm in 30, 100, and 300 ppm, respectively. Consequently, spacious uterus was observed reflects the endometrial damage, including the decrease in the size of the epithelium, columnar, stroma, and lumen in the whole part of the uterus and these differences in uterine thickening was considered statistically significant (p=0.005).Conclusion: Lead acetate could reduce the thickness of the endometrium but had no effect on the level of MDA in the uterus.
THE FIRST RECORD OF Holothuria (Semperothuria) Roseomaculata KERR, 2013 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) IN INDONESIA
Authors: Setyastuti Ana
Published: October 2018

This paper documents the first record of Holothuria (Semperothuria) roseomaculata Kerr, 2013 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Indonesia. A freshly salted specimen was collected from fishers in Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This species was previously recorded from Yap and Chuuk States in the Federated States of Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, Palau, Okinawa-Japan, Sabah, Borneo-Malaysia, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia. Reference material has been deposited in the Reference Collection of the Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences in Jakarta, Indonesia.
Strengthening of the Restored Surface Layer of Steel Parts 45 by Laser Boring
Authors: Cherneta Oleg , Kubich Vadim , Voloshchuk Roman , Averyanov Vladimir , Shmatko Dmytro , . .
Published: October 2018

By means of the proposed technologies, the relationship and strengthening of the optimal modes of recovery of the restoring layer and the optimal laser treatment modes with bat-retaining straps are chosen. The microstructural, X-ray diffraction studies of the restored surfaces of the cams of the distributing shaft of the car were determined, the wear resistance and microhardness of the working surfaces were determined. By means of the proposed technologies of restoration and strengthening, optimum modes of applying the restoring layer and optimal modes of laser treatment (pumping energy of 20 kJ without melting of the surface) with bat-retaining coatings (thickness 2 mm) were chosen. The unevenness of the pulsed laser treatment with the restriction of the diameter of the laser spot and the treatment of a boron-rich surface layer with overlapping of the corresponding zones leads not only to the quenching but also to the release of individual local microparticles. New phases such as boron carbide, carbides - borides, iron borides, and others are formed. The strengthened surface layer has a complex structure and generally contains a martensite base with thin layers of borides, сarbides. The microhardness of the processing zone rises 3-4 times (Нμ 6500-7000 MPa).
Potensi Metabolit Sekunder Asal Bakteri Endofit dalam Menekan Pertumbuhan Miselium Ganoderma boninense
Authors: Widiantini Fitri , Nasahi Ceppy , Yulia Endah , Noviyawati Serly
Published: October 2018

Potency of Endophytic Bacterial Secondary Metabolite to Inhibit Mycelium Growth of Ganoderma boninense Endophytic bacteria have a close relationship with their host plants. The bacteria are living inside their host without causing any symptom. Endophytic bacteria are well known for their ability to produce compounds that can be used to protect plants from deleterious microorganisms. The research was conducted to determine the ability of endophytic bacteria in producing antifungal compounds that are able to suppress the growth of Ganoderma boninense, a causal agent of basal stem rot disease of oil palm. Previously isolated endophytic bacteria were grown on international streptomyces project 2 (ISP2) liquid medium and incubated at rotary evaporator at 120 rpm for 10 days. The supernatant was separated from bacterial cells and tested against G. boninense using well diffusion agar method.  The results showed that endophytic bacteria isolate of BEK6, BEK7, BEK9 and BEK10 were able to produce antifungal compound against G. boninense. Microscopic observation demonstrated G. boninense mycelia alteration following secondary metabolite application.
Deteksi Cepat Fusarium sp. pada Benih Kedelai Menggunakan Metode Spektroskopi Fluoresens
Authors: Pujiarto Djoko , Soekarno Bonny Poernomo Wahyu , Maddu Akhiruddin
Published: October 2018

Rapid Detection Method for Fusarium sp. on Soybean Seed Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy MethodSeed borne pathogens play an important role as source of inoculum for disease in the field.  Seed health testing is applied in order to prevent risks caused by seed borne pathogen. Fluorescence spectroscopy is a potential technology to be used as detection method for seed borne pathogen. Research was conducted to develop rapid detection protocol for seed borne pathogenic fungus by fluorescence spectroscopy method.  The result showed that fluorescence spectroscopy could detect fluorescence emission of metabolite of Fusarium sp. after soybean seeds were incubated for 24 hr.  Metabolite of Fusarium sp. produced cyan fluorescent at peak wavelength emission 504 nm when excited to violet light (405 nm).  Fusarium sp. displayed typical fluorescence emission spectra which differ from fluorescence emission spectra of growth medium potato dextrose broth (PDB) (502 nm). It was evidenced that fluorescence spectroscopy method can be used to detect pathogenic seed borne fungi.
REALISASI TUJUAN PENGELOLAAN ZAKAT BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 23 TAHUN 2011 MELALUI PROGRAM ZAKAT COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT (ZCD) PADA MASYARAKAT DESA SINDANGLAKA KABUPATEN CIANJUR
Authors: Solihah Cucu , Mulyadi M. Budi
Published: October 2018

Keberhasilan zakat sangat ditentukan dari realisasi pendayagunaan zakat melalui program zakat community development (ZCD) Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, maka permasalahan dalam penelitian ini difokuskan pada realisasi tujuan pengelolaan zakat berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2011 melalui program Zakat Community Development (ZCD) pada masyarakat  Desa Sindanglaka .Kabupaten Cianjur dan mengukur tingkat keberhasilan program melalui modal usaha bergulir  zakat produktif terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif berupa analisis deskriptif. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang berupa wawancara dengan pengurus BAZNAS Kabupaten Cianjur juga masyarakat penerima program. Zakat community development (ZCD) memberi pengaruh bagi masyarakat miskin pedesaan untuk melakukan usaha dari modal zakat Produktif dan merubah status mustahik (penerima Zakat) menjadi munfik (pemberi zakat) sehingga zakat mampu menanggulangi permasalahan kemiskinan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan.
Deposition and characterization of ITO thin film over glass for defogger application and for solar photovoltaics
Authors: Siddiqui M. S. , Saxena A. K. , Singh S. P.
Published: October 2018

Indium thin oxide (ITO) films have been used in solar cell applications as top conducting layers for many years. These films possess very good transmission and a low sheet resistance thus making them ideal candidate material for top conducting layers in thin film and HIT solar cells. In the present work, ITO films have been deposited over soda lime glass substrates for use as defogger applications, and for use as front contact electrode in HIT type solar cells as well. ITO deposition is done using pulsed DC sputtering technique inside a vacuum chamber with large size ITO sputtering target of 15 inches by 5 inches. Silver bus bars are printed at the two edges of glass using thick film screen printing technique and the firing of thick film is done in a belt furnace. The deposited ITO thin film characterization is done by
using XRD, SEM and 4 probe sheet resistance measurement techniques. The transmission spectra is analyzed for optical transmission properties.
Behavior of Foam Particles Lightweight Concrete with Time
Authors: El-Khouly Sohila A. , Zaher Amr H. , Sadek Ehab F. , Hilal Khalid M.
Published: October 2018

Lightweight Concrete with polystyrene foam particles (LWC) was obtained through the use of polystyrene foam as a partial aggregate’s replacement to reduce the concrete dry unit weight from 23 KN/m3 to 18.50 KN/m3. This research presents an experimental and theoretical investigation in the long-term behavior of LWC in compression and flexure. Two experimental programs were conducted; namely, creep and shrinkage of LWC under compressive
loading test, and the time-dependent flexural behavior of reinforced LWC beams. The main variable in the first experimental program was the percentage of sustained load, while the main variables in the second experimental program were the percentage of sustained load and the percentage of compression reinforcement. Experimental results showed that LWC exhibits a significantly higher time-dependent strain (shrinkage plus creep) than normal weight concrete (NWC) under sustained compressive load and at the same compressive strength, with an increasing percentage about 9%. The creep strains of LWC seemed to be proportional to the stress to strength ratio. The timedependent deflections of the LWC beams were higher than those of NWC beams with increasing percentage about 25%. Addition of compression steel reinforcement (As`) to LWC beams reduced time-dependent deflections. Sustained load level and LWC time-dependent deflection were directly proportional. Finally, models and equations proposed by different codes were used to evaluate the obtained experimental results. From the theoretical study, it was found that Bazant-Baweja B3 Model gave superior shrinkage strains prediction for LWC. The ACI 209R-92 presented preferable
predictions of creep strain and time-dependent deflection of LWC.
Selection of Reference Axis for Distal Femoral Rotation in TKA: A
Literature Review
Authors: Kamal Ravikant
Published: October 2018

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is widely accepted and standard surgical procedure for osteoarthritis. Most patients are able to recover their preoperative pain completely and achieve a good range of motions to perform daily tasks after TKA. However, there is a number of patients who remained unsatisfied with the result after TKA and often complain pain in performing daily task. Exploring reason behind post-operative pain and failure of TKA; researchers had found that in 31.2% of these cases; failure is due to aseptic loosening. Aseptic loosening is closely related to improper component placement. Orienting component in the axial direction is critical for proper outcome of TKA. Measured resection and gap balancing are two methods used for rotational alignment of component. Studies have shown that the measured resection technique has an advantage over gap balancing. However, the outcome of measured resection technique depends on the proper selection of reference axis. Transepicondyle axis, Whiteside line and Posterior condyle line are mostly used for setting the component rotation in TEA. All three rotational axis has its own advantages and pitfalls, therefore selection of reference should be based upon knee bone morphology and diseased condition. Malalignment of component placement in the axial plane may cause patella maltracking, anterior knee pain, aseptic loosening and also it could be one of the reasons behind TKA revision. The Success of rotational
alignment depends upon proper preoperative planning and accurately selection of landmarks involved in creating axis. In this review paper, Pros and cons of reference axis are discussed individually and their correlations with each other are explored based on existing literature.
Analytical Review on the Stakeholders Perceptions about IPv6 Readiness and their Implications to the Omani Higher Education Institutions
Authors: . Ali , Musawi Al , A. Shubair , S. Samih , V Abraham , . Alghatrifi , . Issa
Published: October 2018

This paper describes the first stage of an internal grant provided by the Sultan Qaboos University to conduct a research project exploring the actual readiness of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to adopt a national migration plan to IPv6. Document analysis was used to derive necessary data on steps taken by the Omani concerned authorities
to pave the way for the migration process. It was found that the Telecommunication Regulatory Authority (TRA) established IPv6 project 10 years ago. It has issued a circular on ‘The National Migration Plan for Government Sector’ informing all administrative units of the Sultanate about the preparation of the national plan to prepare detailed transition plans to migrate to IPv6 by the end of year 2020. Data on these agencies’ (specifically higher education institutions) response is scarce and unclear. From the literature review, it was found that there is no research
dedicated for the Omani HEIs IPv6 readiness. Therefore, next stage of the research project will investigate the actual readiness of HEIs as perceived by their stakeholders including ICT personnel, technical administrators, and senior administrators to implement the next generation of Internet protocol in these institutions.
Effect of bagasse ash reinforcement on Al356 matrix composite
manufactured by two stage stir casting process
Authors: Dardare Vaibhav , Kulkarni S. G.
Published: October 2018

In the present work Al356-Bagasse ash composites are produced by two stage stir casting method and subsequently various properties like compression strength, tensile strength, hardness of Al356 are studied. Al356 alloy is reinforced with bagasse ash particles of the various weight percentage (2,4 and 6% wt.). An experimental result shows uniform distribution of the bagasse ash particles in the matrix of the Al356 leading to increase in the mechanical strength of the composites. The tensile and compression tests are carried out with the help of Universal Testing Machine and it was observed that ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and compression strength increases with increase weight percentage of bagasse ash in the composite, while percentage elongation decreases. The hardness of the composites are measured by brinell hardness tester and it was observed that hardness of the composite material increases with
increase in weight percentage of bagasse ash particles.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Crack Propagation in
Titanium Alloys
Authors: Sandhya Varimadugu , Narne Jyothirmayi , Yerramsetty Nagini , Reddy V. Jaipal
Published: October 2018

The titanium alloys are the objects of wide experimental analysis in the terms of crack growth characteristics and mechanism of fracture due to their applications. The Ti-6.4%Al-2.6%Mo-1.7%Cr-0.5%Fe-0.5%Si (wt %) alloy was used in the investigation. The tensile tests were conducted on plate specimens. The test variables considered are width of tensile specimen, crack size and tensile loading. The mechanism of fracture that appeared in the specimens was established from the TEM micrographs of the replicas taken from different zones of the fracture surfaces. The mechanism of fracture was also studied using finite element analysis. The results obtained from the FEA were verified with experimental results. It can be concluded that there is a general trend of increasing stress intensity factor with increasing applied tensile load, crack size and width of the flat specimen. The strain energy release increases with
increasing applied tensile load. Crack extension can occur when crack-driving force is equal to the energy required for crack growth. For a particular stress the energy release rate is proportional to the crack size. As the tensile load and the size of the initial crack increase, there is an increased crack growth in the Ti alloy. In the crack initiation zone evidence of quasi-cleavage fracture with limited plastic striations symptoms was found in the specimen tested under  =1000MPa. Micro fracture analysis of the specimens (tested under =1100MPa) has revealed quasi-cleavage fracture with small symptoms of plastic shearing in the early part of cracking.
Recepcja koncepcji pedagogicznych Édouarda Séguina w pedagogice Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Fetzki Tomasz
Published: October 2018

The article discusses the direct and indirect influence that the concepts of Édouard Séguin, creator of a pedagogy for people with intellectual disabilities, had on the development of Polish special and general pedagogy in the interwar period. It also presents a brief overview of the biography and achievements of this Franco-American pedagogue and doctor.
Update on effects of cleaning agents on allergy and asthma
Authors: Prasad Shivonne , Lipszyc Joshua C. , Tarlo Susan M.
Published: October 2018

Background: Cleaning and disinfecting agents are widely used in modern life, in homes, schools, public places, and workplaces as well as in recreational facilities such as swimming pools. Use has been for sanitizing purposes and to assist in reduction of infection as well as for deodorizing purposes. However, adverse respiratory effects have been associated with use of cleaning products ranging from effects in infancy and early childhood up to adults at home and work.

Methods: This review summarizes recent published literature on the effects of cleaning agents used pre-natally, in childhood and adult life, at home, work, and in swimming pools.

Results: Several studies have indicated that there is an increased risk of developing asthma among adults with frequent exposure to cleaning products at work and in the home. Potential mechanisms include sensitization and respiratory irritant effects. Exposure to irritant chlorine by-products from swimming pools have also been associated with respiratory effects and increased risk of asthma. Potential effects from maternal exposures to cleaning products on infants, and effects on early childhood atopy are less clear.

Conclusions: Exposure to cleaning agents increases relative risks of asthma among workers, and adults using these agents in the home. Risks are also increased with exposure to chlorinated by-products from swimming pools, both in adults and children. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of these associations.
Noncoercive resonant (p,2)-equations with concave terms
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Zhang Chao
Published: October 2018

We consider a nonlinear Dirichlet problem driven by the sum of ap-Laplace and a Laplacian (a(p,2){(p,2)}-equation). The reaction exhibits the competing effects of a parametric concave term plus a Caratheodory perturbation which is resonant with respect to the principle eigenvalue of the Dirichletp-Laplacian. Using variational methods together with truncation and comparison techniques and Morse theory (critical groups), we show that for all small values of the parameter, the problem has as least six nontrivial smooth solutions all with sign information (two positive, two negative and two nodal (sign changing)).
Large platelet size is associated with poor outcome in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer
Authors: Lembeck Anna L. , Posch Florian , Klocker Eva V. , Szkandera Joanna , Schlick Konstantin , Stojakovic Tatjana , Kornprat Peter , Lackner Caroline , Gerger Armin , Stoeger Herbert , Stotz Michael , Pichler Martin
Published: October 2018

Background

Platelets are a major cellular component of blood and their interaction with cancer cells is well-established to influence cancer progression and metastases. The physical size of platelets may have a critical impact on the interaction with cancer cells. In this study, we explored the potential prognostic role of platelet size measured by the determination of the mean platetlet volume (MPV) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods

Data from 527 patients with PDAC diagnosed and treated between 2004 and 2015 at a single center were evaluated retrospectively. Associations between MPV and baseline covariates were assessed with Wilcoxon’s rank-sum tests, χ2-tests, and Fisher’s exact tests. Median follow-up was estimated with a reverse Kaplan-Meier estimator according to Schemper and Smith. Analysis of time-to-death was performed with Kaplan-Meier estimators, log-rank tests and uni- and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

The median MPV was 10.5 femto liter (fL) [9.8–11.3], ranged from 5.9 to 17.7 fL. A large platelet volume was associated with high-grade G3/4 tumors (p=0.004) and worse overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic disease in univariable analysis (hazard ratio [HR] per fL increase in MPV=1.13 [95% CI: 1.04–1.23, p=0.005]). In multivariable analysis of metatatic PDAC patients, the adverse association between large platelets and a higher risk-of-death prevailed (adjusted HR per doubling of MPV=2.00; 95% CI: 1.10–3.62, p=0.02).

Conclusions

Large platelets represent a negative prognostic factor and add an independent prognostic information to well-established factors in PDAC patients. MPV should be considered for future individual risk assessment in patients with stage IV PDAC.
Locally compact groups with totally disconnected space of subgroups
Authors: Hamrouni Hatem , Kadri Bilel
Published: October 2018

The closed subsets

ℱ
⁢

(
X
)

{\mathcal{F}(X)}

of any topological space can be given a topology, called the
Chabauty–Fell topology, in which

ℱ
⁢

(
X
)

{\mathcal{F}(X)}

is quasi-compact. If X is a locally
compact space, then

ℱ
⁢

(
X
)

{\mathcal{F}(X)}

is Hausdorff. If

X
=
G

{X=G}

is a locally compact group, then
the subset

𝒮
⁢
𝒰
⁢
ℬ
⁢

(
G
)

{\mathcal{S\kern-0.853583ptU\kern-0.569055ptB}(G)}

of closed subgroups is closed in

ℱ
⁢

(
G
)

{\mathcal{F}(G)}

, and the set of closed subgroups
inherits its own compact topology, called the
Chabauty topology.
We develop some of the important properties of this topology. More precisely,
the results contained in this paper deal with the following
question: Given a locally compact topological group, when is

ℱ
⁢

(
G
)

{\mathcal{F}(G)}

(resp.

𝒮
⁢
𝒰
⁢
ℬ
⁢

(
G
)

{\mathcal{S\kern-0.853583ptU\kern-0.569055ptB}(G)}

) a totally disconnected space?
Commutator width of Chevalley groups over rings of stable rank 1
Authors: Smolensky Andrei
Published: October 2018

It is shown that each element of the elementary Chevalley group of rank greater than 2 over a ring of stable rank 1 can be expressed as a product of few commutators.
Conjugacy classes of centralizers in unitary groups
Authors: Bhunia Sushil , Singh Anupam
Published: October 2018

Let G be a group. Two elements

x
,
y

∈
G

{x,y\in G}

are said to be in the same z-class if their centralizers in G are conjugate within G. Consider

𝔽

{\mathbb{F}}

a perfect field of characteristic

≠
2

{\neq 2}

, which has a non-trivial Galois automorphism of order 2. Further, suppose that the fixed field

𝔽
0

{\mathbb{F}_{0}}

has the property that it has only finitely many field extensions of any finite degree. In this paper, we prove that the number of z-classes in the unitary group over such fields is finite. Further, we count the number of z-classes in the finite unitary group

U
n

⁢

(
q
)

{{\mathrm{U}}_{n}(q)}

, and prove that this number is the same as that of

GL
n

⁢

(
q
)

{{\mathrm{GL}}_{n}(q)}

when

q
>
n

{q>n}

.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity and anthropometric reference centiles for Albanian children and adolescents living in four Balkan nation-states
Authors: Tarp Jakob , Jarani Juel , Muca Florian , Spahi Andi , Grøntved Anders
Published: October 2018

Background

The extent of the obesity epidemic among youth is an important public health statistic which provides an indication of the future burden of non-communicable diseases. Many developing countries, including Albania, do not have systematic and repeated monitoring systems in operation.

Methods

The Balkan Survey of Inactivity in Children study is a population-based cross-sectional survey including Albanian children living in the four Balkan nation-states of Albania, Kosovo, FYR Macedonia and Montenegro. In total, 19,850 children from 49 schools were approached. The LMS method was used to provide body mass index (BMI), height, weight and waist circumference reference centiles for boys and girls. The World Health Organisation (WHO) and International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) age- and sex-specific BMI cut-points were applied to evaluate adiposity levels.

Results

A sample of 18,460 participants aged 6–16 years old was available for creation of the BMI for age and sex reference centiles. The prevalence of overweight (including obesity) in the full sample was 21% (95% CI: 20%–21%) according to IOTF cut-off points and 28% (95% CI: 28%–29%) at WHO cut-off points. Overweight/obesity levels where higher in boys than in girls irrespective of the cut-off points applied (p<0.001). Noticeable between-country differences were observed with a prevalence of overweight/obesity of 40% (95% CI: 38%–42%) in Montenegro but only 20% (95% CI: 19%–21%) in Kosovo (WHO cut-off points).

Conclusions

Overweight/obesity is highly prevalent in Albanian children and adolescents. The apparent sex and country differences may inform public health actions.
Prague grossi with the name of Louis I. A typological analysis
Authors: Vaňouch Miloš
Published: October 2018

The Prague grossi with the name of Louis I are classified in two groups: the pieces struck in the government mint in Kuttenberg and the nongovernment coins produced by the Schlick family in the newly opened mint in Joachimsthal. The typology designed by J. Hásková (1971) does not cover all recently known varieties of these grossi. The new typological classification offers all obverse and reverse dies, including all recently registered combinations of the particular varieties of the Prague grossi bearing the name of Louis I. Via producing the relative chronology, the research was focused on the verified use of the reverse dies of the Prague grossi struck under Vladislaus II Jagiellon for the grossi produced by Louis I in Kuttenberg, and on the subsequent use of the reverse dies of the grossi of Louis I for the same type of coins struck under Ferdinand I. The author was also interested in wearing, damage and later modifications of some punchmarks used during production of the grossi dies.
An Attempt to Position the German Political Parties on a Tree for 2013 and 2017
Authors: Prisner Erich
Published: October 2018

We try to calculate the position of the six largest German political parties to each other in 2013 and 2017, based on data of Wahl-O-Mat, a German Voting Advice Application. Different to other existing approaches, we do not try to locate these parties in an Euclidean space, but rather on topological trees (with the straight line, the usual left-right model, being the simplest one). This approach has the advantage that – different to two- or higher dimensional spaces – our model allows betweenness information, keeping the parties linearly ordered at least at parts of the tree, with possible conclusions about center or periphery of the political landscape, and possible coalitions. We do not focus primarily on distance but after the topological model is found, we attempt to approximate these distances, in a second step.
Increasing the fermentation efficiency of Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei MIUG BL6 in a rye flour sourdough
Authors: Cotârleţ Mihaela , Maftei Nicoleta Maricica , Bahrim Gabriela Elena
Published: October 2018

Background

The present study reports the optimization of the biotechnological conditions in order to improve the lactic acid fermentation process, in a rye flour medium by using Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei strain, coded MIUG BL6, as a starter culture.

Materials and methods

A sequential statistical methodology, comprised of Plackett-Burman experimental design, central composite design and response surface methodology, was applied to enhance the lactic acid fermentation productivity.

Results and discussion

Among the tested parameters, the milk powder and KH2PO4 concentration and also the time of fermentation were identified as the most significant variables that influence the fermentation process. The optimum levels of these significant parameters were determined as follows: 4.21% milk powder, 0.30% KH2PO4 and 48 h of fermentation that induced an increase of 1.6 fold of the acidity, compared to the fermentation conducted under the non-optimized conditions. Also, under these optimized fermentation conditions, a good rate of cell multiplication of 10.19 log N/N0 was achieved.
Hydrothermal growth mechanism of SnO2 nanorods in aqueous HCl
Authors: Leidich Patrick , Mondeshki Mihail , Barton Bastian , Kolb Ute , Panthöfer Martin , Tremel Wolfgang
Published: October 2018

Rutile-type nanorods of SnO2 were obtained in a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis starting from SnCl4·5H2O and HCl in a temperature range between 200 and 240°C. Although the nanorods are polydisperse, the average length of the nanorods could be adjusted from 13 to 65 nm by varying of the reaction temperature. The resulting anisotropic nanocrystals were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), (high resolution-) transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The particle growth proceeds via a dissolution-recrystallization process with soluble [SnCl5(H2O)]− intermediates, as confirmed by PXRD, Raman spectroscopy, and magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR).
Study on Visualization and Failure Mode of Model Test of Rock-Socketed Pile in Soft Rock
Authors: Huang Bin , Zhang Yuting , Fu Xudong , Zhang Benjiao
Published: October 2018

Computed tomography (CT) technology is a kind of nondestructive image reconstruction technology. CT visualization technology is introduced into the physical model test of a single pile, which can visualize a rock-socketed pile in soft rock under different pile top loads. In this article, the visualization process of a model test of a rock-socketed pile in soft rock is carried out by medical CT. The implementation procedure, the composition of the device, and the technical requirements of the test equipment, as well as the CT scanning operation of nondestructive visualization technique of the single pile model test, are introduced in detail. The influence of a marked layer setting, side wall effect, size of the model cylinder, and model pile on the visualization effect of a single pile model test is discussed. The feasibility and reliability of the model test visualization technology of a rock-socketed pile in soft rock are demonstrated by examples, and the failure mode of rock-socketed pile in soft rock is intuitively revealed to be the spherical cavity expansion mode of the pile end.