bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ZAVNOBiH i istraživanje budućnosti
Authors: Ćurak Nerzuk
Published: October 2024

Postkonfliktno bosanskohercegovačko društvo, bez obzira na sve oblike unutrašnje napetosti, koji su snažno podcrtani i generirani iz institucionalnog dizajna hiperetničke dejtonske države, ipak uspijeva da baštini filozofiju egzistencije koja traži da, bez obzira na sve naše razlike, proizvodimo zajedničko gledište. Nažalost, s onu stranu moguće “zavnobihske” društvenosti, aktualne političke strukture u Bosni i Hercegovini napustile su zajedničko gledište, a jedan od krucijalnih razloga napuštanja našeg načina života kao moguće političke platforme jest političko napuštanje ZAVNOBiH-a kao povijesnog vrela bez kojega nije moguće misliti Bosnu i Hercegovinu u budućnosti. Iz negativnih modela budućnosti, na kojima prilježno rade sablasne strukture etnonacionalizma, kao tendencija, latencija i intencija, dolaze nagovještaji radikalnih interpretativnih i interventnih mehanizama koji uopće u nacrtima sutrašnje Bosne i Hercegovine više ne vide mjesto i ulogu ZAVNOBiH-a. Taj nadahnjujući transpovijesni događaj percipira se samo kao odigrana povijest koja više ništa ne može ponuditi Bosni i Hercegovini. Autor će na tragu sve razvijenijih futuroloških studija istražiti moguću budućnost ZAVNOBiH-a, procijeniti njegov budući razvoj i eventualni progres te emancipatorske ideje u našem oktroiranom “etnopolisu”, nenaviklom na pretjerano odvažne anticipacije.
Važnost mira i pomirenja za čovjeka i društvo, posebno u Bosni i Hercegovini
Authors: Topić Franjo
Published: October 2024

U članku se raspravlja o važnosti mira i pomirenja za pojedince i društvo, s posebnim naglaskom na Bosnu i Hercegovinu. Tekst analizira vjerski pojam mira kroz prizmu judaizma, kršćanstva i islama, naglašavajući da sve tri religije promiču mir kao temeljnu vrijednost u svojoj nauci i praksi. Starozavjetni i novozavjetni pojam mira. Autor objašnjava starozavjetni hebrejski pojam šalôm, koji podrazumijeva zamah ili rukovanje, simbolizirajući sporazum i zajedništvo. Novozavjetni pojam mira vezan je uz osobu Isusa Krista, koji pozdravlja svoje učenike riječima “Mir vama”, promovirajući mir i ljubav čak i prema neprijateljima. Sveti Pavao u svojim poslanicama Krista naziva “mirom našim”, naglašavajući pomirenje ljudi s Bogom i međusobno. Kur’anski pojam mira. Kur’an također zabranjuje prisilu u vjeri i promiče nenasilje, ističući da islam traži od muslimana preuzimanje odgovornosti za sebe i druge na miran način. Neki autori naglašavaju važnost nenasilne komunikacije i transformacije sukoba na miran način, tvrdeći da islam i nenasilje dijele mnoge zajedničke vrijednosti. Svjetski Dan mira. Članak se osvrće na povijest svjetskih ratova i mirovnih inicijativa, uključujući ulogu Organizacije Ujedinjenih naroda i Povelje o ljudskim pravima. Svjetski dan mira, proglašen rezolucijom UN-a 1981. godine, obilježava se 21. rujna kao podsjetnik na potrebu obustave ratnih djelovanja i promicanja mira. Papinske poruke mira. Posebna pažnja posvećena je papinskim porukama mira. Papa Ivan XXIII. objavio je encikliku “Pacem in terris” 1963. godine, dok je papa Pavao VI. utemeljio Svjetski dan mira 1968. godine. Pape su kontinuirano pozivali na molitvu i rad za mir, naglašavajući jednakost svih ljudi i naroda u dostojanstvu. Mir u Bosni i Hercegovini. Mir je ključan za stabilnost, sigurnost i napredak Bosne i Hercegovine, posebno nakon rata 1991. – 1995. godine i potpisivanja Daytonskog mirovnog sporazuma. Autor ističe važnost izgradnje povjerenja i pomirenja među različitim etničkim, vjerskim i političkim grupama, kao i regionalne stabilnosti. Mir omogućuje zaštitu osnovnih ljudskih prava i sloboda te smanjuje iseljavanje stanovništva. Mirotvorne akcije u BiH. U Bosni i Hercegovini djeluju mnoge mirovne inicijative, uključujući Međureligijsko vijeće, Franjevački institut za kulturu mira, nadbiskupijski Centar za mlade, Paneuropsku uniju BiH i Zakladu Ljudsko bratstvo. Te inicijative kontinuirano promiču dijalog, toleranciju i nenasilje, podsjećajući na važnost mirovnih poruka i akcija. Članak zaključuje da mir nije samo odsustvo rata, već aktivni proces izgradnje pravednog i skladnog društva. Rad na miru i pomirenju predstavlja temeljnu dužnost svih ljudi, bez obzira na vjeru, i ključan je za stvaranje bolje budućnosti za sve građane.
SPECIAL MEASURES FOR SEX OFFENDERS AND POTENTIAL HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS
Authors: Kovačević Milica D.
Published: October 2024

Child sexual abuse has attracted enormous attention and occupied significant media space in recent decades. This increased attention has resulted in the creation of strategies aimed at responding to sexual abuse in general, and has been motivated by both the need to prevent reoffending and the desire to adequately respond to the expectations of the wider public. Measures aimed at responding to sexual offenses have become fertile ground for the introduction of various innovations. This may result in the violation of sex offenders’ human rights, and any state based on the rule of law should not allow this. This paper is devoted predominantly to the analysis of the Croatian and Serbian current legal frameworks related to the application of specific measures aimed at sex offenders to establish whether these frameworks are aligned with the relevant human rights protection standards. It has been established that the level of compliance of the two national legislations with the international legal framework is high although there is room for additional corrections. The objective of the paper is to give recommendations for harmonizing the above area with the modern legal acquis, and primarily with the standards established through the case law of the European Court of Human Rights.
Development of a Custom Technical Incident and Spare Part Management System for Effective Telecom Network Service Delivery
Authors: Babalola Falana Jimoh , Moruff Oyelakin Akinyemi
Published: October 2024

Managing technical incident in telecommunication industry is very important in order to ensure business continuity. However, there is a need to find effective ways of managing spare parts when there is a need for the replacement of such spare parts in order to fix technical incidents. That is why telecom operators require relevant systems for adequate incident and spare part management. With the outsourcing arrangement between some  operators and third-party site handlers in Nigeria and most developing countries, there is a need for proper technical incident handling and spare part management. Many of the problems that arise in telecommunication operation come from non-correlation of escalation with the spare part required to restore normal operation of the service after an interruption. This research focuses on designing and developing a web-based system for handling proper management of technical issues and provision of required spare parts promptly as required. This is to ease operations and communications among telecom operators and their technical service providers. The system was built using combination of web development tools such as Jinja Templating Engine, CSS, HTML, JavaScript, JQuery, Python, Flask and SQLite. The developed system has been tested and found useful for the scenarios that it was developed for. The solution allows online management of spares parts, tracking of escalations, provision of fault details and capturing of all faulty equipments due for repairs. It is believed that the custom system can help in achieving effective telecom network service delivery by the company that uses such approach.
Geographical Information System for Mapping Flood-Prone Areas in Manado City Using the K-Means Clustering Method
Authors: Koagouw Aurelia , Paseru Debby , Kairupan Indah
Published: October 2024

Floods are natural events or phenomena that can cause environmental damage, loss of property, psychological effects, and death or casualties. One way to control flooding non-structurally is by mapping areas that are prone to flooding. This study builds a geographic-based information system to map flood-prone areas in Manado City using the K-Means Clustering algorithm. The main objective of this research is to identify and map areas with a high risk of flooding using spatial data. Slope, land cover type, soil type, water discharge (discharge), and rainfall are independent variables that will be used and processed using the K-Means Clustering algorithm. There are four clusters in the mapping results of flood-prone areas, namely: high vulnerability, medium vulnerability, low vulnerability, and not vulnerable. By using the K-Means method, the results obtained are Paal Dua and Wenang sub-districts are high-vulnerability groups, followed by Mapanget, Tuminting, and Singkil subdistricts with medium vulnerability groups. Tikala District is the only area with low vulnerability. Meanwhile, Bunaken, Sario, Wanea, and Malayayang sub-districts are areas that are not potentially prone to flooding.
Measurement of the Maturity Level of Knowledge Management Implementation in Non-Ministry Government Institutions
Authors: Ambhita Sukma Yan Andriariza , Sari Risna
Published: October 2024

The government needs knowledge management to improve efficiency and effectiveness in the decision-making process. Knowledge management is one of the supporters in Bureaucratic Reform, which aims to encourage the realization of an effective and efficient organization, to make it happen, government agencies must be prepared to utilize the wealth of knowledge they have, by looking at knowledge management maturity level in government. Based on the research results, the maturity level for all LPNK is 133, which is at level 3 or Introduction, with knowledge management strategies: Formalizing knowledge management through regulations; Establish systems for identifying, creating, storing, sharing, applying and inventorying knowledge; Develop a system of providing incentives for employees; Develop measurement methods and indicators to assess the impact of knowledge contributions and initiatives; Form a cross-functional team to assist each work unit in solving problems encountered; Creating a recovery system to ensure operational activities continue despite critical situations, and Creating a systematic induction process for new employees.
Online Prostitution: Trends of The Commercial Sex Service Industry in Social Media
Authors: Juditha Christiany
Published: October 2024

The disclosure of various cases of online prostitution in recent years by the police shows that this industry is becoming a trend in online media. Whereas in Indonesia prostitution remains an illegal business and a crime regulated in the KUHP and the ITE Law. The purpose of this study is to obtain an overview of the trends in the commercial sex services industry on social media. The research method is literature study. The results show that the development of e-commerce in general dominates the world market is directly proportional to the development of the commercial sex service industry in online media. The system of selling sex services has changed from conventional systems to modern markets, namely in information, financial and service transactions. Online prostitution information transactions on social media are very open. It can be seen from the services offered, prices, payment methods, rules for using services to customer testimonials. Payment transactions are also more practical and profitable because the process uses a transfer system to the account of the service provider. Although there are still those that impose direct cash payments at the service execution location. Internet technology makes it possible to run a business, promote, increase the income of actors, and reach a wider market. Prospective users can also order services directly through social media/online booking sites without having to go to localization. This is what makes the online sex service industry never die.
Philosophical views of Baltic Basin climate and environmental sciences
Authors: Omstedt Anders , Dailidienė Inga , von Storch Hans , Winther Rasmus
Published: October 2024

The scientific practice from 1993 to 2024 in the ongoing BALTEX/Baltic Earth program has applied a philosophical view of complex systems that promotes improved understanding through idealizations without organizing science hierarchically. Instead, the pluralistic scientific approach used by the BALTEX/Baltic Earth program has successfully generated a new scientific understanding of how to address climate and environmental changes in the region. Some of these major advances are as follows: •The program has developed new communication skills by developing conceptual views into drawings with substantial information content at various spatial and temporal scales. •The program has gained experience in increasing the number of data and data products and in realizing the need for well-documented, homogenized, and open datasets; it has also provided training in characterizing and detecting climate and environmental changes in the region. •Indices and statistical models have played an important role in understanding complex dynamics; we have learned that they also need to take account of homogeneities and often have severe limitations. •Several new maps of the region conveying geographic and human information have, in a convenient visual way, opened our eyes to the need for multi-disciplinary research. •Intensive research on the atmosphere-ocean boundary layers has improved our understanding of these factors. •New understanding has been achieved through establishing water, heat, nutrient, and carbon budgets. •The program has generated improved understanding by developing mechanistic and system models of water, heat, nutrient, and carbon cycling. •Maximum complexity models have been developed as computer capacity has grown, yielding important results when attributing the causes of climate change and creating scenarios of possible future developments. •Experience with assessment has taught us about the strengths and weaknesses in evaluating science and scenarios. It has also enhanced our understanding of multidisciplinary research.
MESFLA: Model Efficiency through Selective Federated Learning Algorithm
Authors: Barros Alex , Veiga Rafael , Morais Renan , Rosário Denis , Cerqueira Eduardo
Published: October 2024

Integrating big data and deep learning across various applications has significantly enhanced intelligence and efficiency in our daily lives. However, it also requires extensive data sharing, raising significant communication and privacy concerns. In this context, Federated Learning (FL) emerges as a promising solution to enable collaborative model training while preserving the privacy and autonomy of participating clients. FL facilitates collaborative model training by enabling data to be trained locally on devices, eliminating the need for individual information sharing among clients. A client selection mechanism strategically chooses a subset of participating clients to contribute to the model training in each learning round. However, an efficient selection of clients to participate in the training process directly impacts model convergence/accuracy and the overall communication load on the network. In addition, FL faces challenges when dealing with non-Independent and Non-Identically Distributed (non-IID) data, where the diversity in data distribution often leads to reduced classification accuracy. Hence, designing an efficient client selection mechanism in a scenario with non-IID data is essential, but it is still an open issue. This article proposes a Model Efficiency through Selective Federated Learning Algorithm called MESFLA. The mechanism employs a Centered Kernel Alignment (CKA) algorithm to search for similar models based on data weight or similarity between models, i.e., grouping participants with comparable data distributions or learning objectives. Afterward, MESFLA selects the clients with more relevance in each group based on data weight and entropy. Our comprehensive evaluation across multiple datasets, including MNIST, CIFAR-10, and CIFAR-100, demonstrates MESFLA's superior performance over traditional FL algorithms. Our results show an accuracy improvement and a minor loss in each client aggregation of the new global model sent to clients with a difference of 3 rounds using the Data Weight in comparison with the other selection methods.
A SBC de 1993 a 1997
Authors: Reis Ricardo
Published: October 2024

Este artigo procura descrever a atuação da SBC nas gestões 1993-1995 e 1995-1997. São descritas as ações visando a ampliação do número de sócios, reestruturação da SBC, inserção internacional, publicações e atuações junto aos órgãos de fomento. São destacadas também as ações visando manter a liberdade de atuação dos profissionais em computação, assim como das empresas do setor, mantendo livres da exigência de estarem associados a algum conselho profissional.
Uma técnica para apoiar profissionais de testes na condução de testes metamórficos em chatbots
Authors: Santos Gabriel , Silva Williamson , Valle Pedro Henrique Dias
Published: October 2024

Identificar defeitos de software é um desafio constante na Engenharia de Software, principalmente para testadores menos experientes. A falta de ferramentas práticas e acessíveis para orientar a prática de testes pode comprometer a qualidade do software e a eficiência dos processos de teste. Este estudo propõe a utilização de um guia baseado em relações metamórficas para auxiliar na identificação de defeitos em chatbots. O guia pode simplificar os processos de teste e aumentar a eficiência na detecção de defeitos. Além disso, o guia é uma ferramenta valiosa para melhorar a prática de testes de software, principalmente para iniciantes.
Uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura sobre Chatbots na Educação: Desenvolvimento e Aplicações
Authors: Alvarenga Judson Henrique , Dalepiane Igor , Fell Lucas , Bernardino Maicon
Published: October 2024

O crescente uso de chatbots na educação destaca sua importância na melhoria da experiência de aprendizagem. Este estudo realiza uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre o desenvolvimento de chatbots, focando em suas aplicações. Os resultados mostram que os chatbots podem automatizar tarefas, responder a dúvidas e personalizar o aprendizado, beneficiando tanto alunos quanto professores. No entanto, desafios como a necessidade de alinhar avaliações e explorar a adaptabilidade dos chatbots foram identificados. Uma proposta de um chatbot personalizado para os cursos de graduação visa atender às necessidades dos estudantes, promovendo um ambiente educacional mais eficiente e acessível.
Wohlfahrt in ländlichen Räumen gestalten
Authors: Wendt Wolf Rainer
Published: October 2024

Auf dem Lande sind gewöhnlich weniger Dienste der Wohlfahrtspflege vorhanden. Die Einrichtungen des Sozial- und Gesundheitswesens tragen aber nicht allein zur Wohlfahrt der Menschen bei – zur Daseinsvorsorge gehört mehr als nur die Erbringung von Sozialleistungen
„Vielleicht brauchen wir nach 100 Jahren einen neuen Gründungsimpuls“
Authors: Backhaus-Maul Holger , Timm Gerhard
Published: October 2024

Aus Anlass des 100-jährigen Geburtstages der Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft der Freien Wohlfahrtspflege e. V. (BAGFW) führte Holger Backhaus-Maul ein ausführliches Interview mit Dr. Gerhard Timm. Das Gespräch erfolgte vor dem Hintergrund der Kenntnisse, Erfahrungen und Erlebnisse von Gerhard Timm als langjährigem – ehemaligem – Geschäftsführer der BAGFW.
Gemeinnützige Kooperationen – offene Fragen aus der Praxis
Authors: Seeger Andreas , Richter Sophie
Published: October 2024

Herzstück der Reform des Gemeinnützigkeitsrechts sind Neuregelungen und Erleichterungen hinsichtlich des kooperativen Zusammenarbeitens steuerbegünstigter Körperschaften. Dabei blieben jedoch zentrale Anwendungsfragen ungeklärt. Besonders hervorzuheben sind die neuen Regelungen des § 57 Abs. 3 und 4 sowie des § 58 Nr. 1 AO. In ihrem Beitrag in der SOZIALWIRTSCHAFT 5/2023 hatten die Autoren bereits die wesentlichen noch offenen Fragen zur praktischen Umsetzung des § 57 diskutiert. Hier widmen sie sich nun dem § 58 und informieren über die aktuellen Entwicklungen in Bezug auf § 57 Abs. 3 AO.
Die Arbeitnehmerüberlassung rechtssicher gestalten
Authors: Melle Philipp , Niederöcker Sabrina
Published: October 2024

Fachkräftemangel und die Erfüllung von Leistungspflichten machen es manchmal notwendig, Mitarbeitende zeitweise in anderen Einrichtungen oder sogar bei anderen Trägern einzusetzen. Insbesondere im Bereich der Kindertagesstätten sind „Springer“ weit verbreitet. Je nach Organisationsstruktur der Einrichtungen ist hierbei arbeitsrechtlich einiges zu beachten. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Punkte und Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten.
Mehr Sicherheit und Autonomie für die Klient*innen
Authors: Kleine Markus , Ostermann Maren
Published: October 2024

Die Sozialwerk St. Georg Care gGmbH eröffnete schon 2007 ihre ersten Demenz-Kompetenzzentren mit Wohngemeinschaften. Von Anfang an war die technische Assistenz ein relevanter Baustein des Betreuungskonzeptes. In die Versorgung von Menschen mit Unterstützungsbedarf werden deshalb verschiedene technische Systeme integriert.
Sozialwirtschaft und Soziale Innovationen – die Suche nach einer neuen Gewichtung
Authors: Zerth Jürgen , Münch Joël B. , Beyer Thomas
Published: October 2024

Die Sozialwirtschaft steht vor der Aufgabe, die Befriedigung von sozialen Bedarfslagen durch kluge und effiziente Strategien sicherzustellen. Gerade das Problem, wie ihr Kerngeschäft ob vielfältiger Herausforderungen bewältigt werden kann und gleichzeitig notwendige Soziale Innovationen umgesetzt werden können, wirft Fragen zur Stabilität und Nachhaltigkeit des Leistungs- und Finanzierungsmodells in den Quasi-Märkten der Sozialwirtschaft auf.
Einstellung beruflich Pflegender zum Hochschulstudium in der Pflege
Authors: Göcke Leonie Mareen
Published: October 2024

Leonie Mareen Göcke takes on a controversial topic: What do professional carers think about studying nursing at university? In the face of changing health care needs, nursing studies are becoming increasingly important and are already well established in some countries. However, the subject remains controversial, particularly within the nursing profession. As part of a scoping review, the author presents a differentiated analysis of the attitudes of professional nurses 'without', 'during' and 'after' a nursing degree. The findings underline the value of nursing education, which needs to be transparently communicated to policy makers, society and the nursing profession.
Komplexe Migration – Differenzierte Integration
Authors: Schramm Christian , Pries Ludger
Published: October 2024

Migration patterns are usually very complex. In addition to traditional immigration, there are various forms of multi-directional and multiple temporary migrations as well as cross-border life references of all kinds. Individual migration projects and the associated integration orientations also change over time. This results in major challenges for those involved in local integration management. Using the example of various groups of migrants from Romania and Bulgaria, their expectations and needs are presented, the close connection between migration orientations and integration is explained and suggestions are made for differentiated integration management in the municipalities of arrival and origin.
Informationelle Selbstbestimmung zwischen Datenschutz- und Vertragsrecht
Authors: Kubis Marcel
Published: October 2024

This paper contributes to the clarification of the interplay of complex data protection and contract law issues that arise from the use of personal data as consideration in digital business models. In addition to the question of the existing implications of data protection law for the contractual categorisation of such business models, the study examines in particular whether and how contract law provides instruments to counteract certain manifestations of an existing market failure in online business models. The work contains corresponding proposals for implementing and supplementing the existing legal framework.
Application of Path Analysis for Direct and Indirect Effects of Morphometric Traits in Body Weight of Non-Descript Indigenous Goats of Polokwane Local Municipality
Authors: Cyril Mathapo Madumetja , Louis Tyasi Thobela , Mokoena Kwena , Victoria Hlokoe Rankotsane , Kagisho Molabe Madikadike , Trudy Rashijane Lebo , Sako Thabang
Published: October 2024

The study was conducted to investigate the direct and indirect effect of morphometric traits on body weight of non-descript indigenous goats. A total of 139 goats aged between 1 and 5 years old were used in the study. Heart girth (HG), body length (BL), withers height (WH), rump height (RH) and body weight (BW) were measured in the study. Pearson correlation results indicated a positive (P < 0.01) correlation between BW and RH, WH, sternum height (SH), HG and BL with correlation coefficients of (r = 0,63**), (r = 0,50**), (r = 0,50**), (r = 0,33**) and (r = 0,31**), respectively. Path Analysis results indicated that RH (0,58) had the highest direct effect on the BW, while HG (−0,03) had a negative lowest effect on the BW. HG had the highest indirect effect on BW via RH. Simple linear regression model indicated that RH had the high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.41), adjusted coefficient of determination (AdjstR2 = 0.40), and lowest mean square error (MSE = 107,38). This study suggests that RH can be used as a selection criteria to improve the BW of South African non-descript indigenous goats. The study further suggests that RH can be used to estimate BW of non-descript indigenous goats in the absence of weighing scale.
Introductory Chapter: Globalization – Phenomenon, Process, and Challenge – With the Chance of a Sustainable Society
Authors: Hufnagel Levente , Mics Ferenc
Published: October 2024

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The Role of QoS at the OSI Model Layers
Authors: Sharafat Mirzakulova , Kulambayev Bakhytzhan
Published: October 2024

The current trend of converging various network types, coupled with the rising traffic volumes and the increasing use of real-time and multimedia applications, has necessitated the transportation of diverse types of traffic, particularly those sensitive to latency. Traditional TCP/IP networks fall short in providing the required Quality of Service (QoS) for these applications, prompting the development of supplementary mechanisms to meet the necessary service levels. Additionally, the advent of new multimedia and cloud services, the expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT), and the integration of optical and wireless communications within the 5G optical network framework demand modifications to network infrastructure. These changes are essential to accommodate scalable traffic growth while simultaneously maintaining high levels of dynamic connectivity, complete flexibility, and enhanced energy efficiency. Within this context, QoS is crucial across all layers of the OSI model, ensuring effective and reliable data transmission within network systems.
Congenital Neutropenia Associated with Bone Marrow Failure
Authors: Malbora Baris
Published: October 2024

Neutropenia encompasses a diverse array of acquired or congenital conditions, ranging from benign to premalignant, which can manifest at any age. These conditions pose a risk of severe infections and may predispose individuals to myelodysplastic neoplasms or acute myeloid leukemia. Recent genomic advancements have unveiled novel genes and pathways implicated in the etiology and progression of these disorders, offering fresh avenues for personalized therapeutic approaches. Despite strides in diagnostics, real-world data underscore the predominant reliance on physicians’ experience and local protocols in diagnosing and managing neutropenic patients. This chapter aims to consolidate evidence and consensus-based insights concerning the definition, classification, diagnosis, and monitoring of bone marrow failures associated with neutropenia, excluding severe congenital cases. Additionally, it underscores the importance of evaluating clinical manifestations alongside conventional and innovative laboratory tests, as well as advanced genetic analyses, to better classify risks and track disease progression across the spectrum of affected individuals.
Heterogeneous Hydrogenation in Pharmaceutical Development
Authors: Steven Alan
Published: October 2024

This chapter discusses an efficient means of robustly developing a heterogeneous hydrogenation for use in the development and manufacture of an active pharmaceutical ingredient, or an intermediate thereof. Reaction conversion data is used to establish a working expression for the differential rate that can be used to test a mechanistic hypothesis. Heuristics are shared that can be used when assessing how to keep the reaction under kinetic control. These can be used for problem diagnosis as well as scaleup strategy, and optimisation. A number of practical tips are shared, including the use of the process scheme as an information- and visually rich tool for presenting process understanding to a multidisciplinary team. Considerations when choosing the catalyst, solvent and equipment setup are also discussed.
Nanoparticle-Based Vaccines: Utilizing Cell-Derived Vesicles to Design New Vaccine
Authors: Kim Jaeyoung , Thapa Nikita
Published: October 2024

This chapter showcases the potential of cell-derived extracellular nanovesicles (EVs) as an alternative platform for the development of nanoparticle-based vaccines. Exosomes are one such tiny cell secretory vesicles, responsible for multiple biological functions including intercellular communication and host pathogen interactions. Their innate characteristics of excellent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, targeted delivery, and high permeability offer them as a promising platform for an effective vaccine development. Here, we tried to discuss several aspects of exosome-based vaccines including their prospects and associated challenges for their successful clinical translation. Exosomes as a platform for the generation of nanoparticle-based vaccines may aid in the discovery of innovative and effective vaccine development strategies for a broad range of diseases.
A Paradox of Opportunity and Anxiety: Effect of Debt Policy on UK International Student Experiences
Authors: Ndiweni Esinath
Published: October 2024

According to higher education reports, the UK is the second destination for international students after the US due to the high reputation of its education system. International students contribute significant revenue to educational institutions and the UK economy. Hence, government and university policies promote the UK as a destination for high quality education. This rhetoric influences international students’ choice of the UK despite their constrained budgets. This chapter examines how different UK universities treat international students who default in paying fees. The author employed ethnographic participation, vignettes, document, and website analysis, to understand students’ experiences. The findings showed that the universities in this study had published on their websites value statements, ranking information, and an international student debt policy amongst other information. However, the debt policy, which was similar in many respects, was implemented differently by each institution. Five out of the eight universities analysed in this study showed, empathy, adopted one to one engagement with the defaulting student, while three were very harsh, resorting to exclusion, or expulsion. The main insight is that some of the universities acted unethical negating the values depicted on their websites.
The role of supply chain collaboration in boosting FMCG SME brand competitiveness
Authors: Oluwaseun Peter Oyeyemi  , Kikelomo Fadilat Anjorin  , Somto Emmanuel Ewim  , Abbey Ngochindo Igwe  , Ngodoo Joy Sam-Bulya
Published: October 2024

In the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face significant challenges due to limited resources, market reach, and growing competition from larger corporations. To remain competitive, SMEs can leverage supply chain collaboration as a strategic approach to enhance operational efficiency, innovation, and market access. Supply chain collaboration involves partnerships with suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and even competitors to achieve mutual benefits. One key advantage is the ability to optimize resources and reduce costs. By collaborating with other entities, SMEs can share logistics, production, and distribution networks, which leads to reduced operational costs. Pooling resources also enables these enterprises to minimize inventory holding costs and streamline procurement processes, enhancing overall supply chain efficiency. Another important aspect of supply chain collaboration is expanded market reach. Partnering with larger distributors or retailers provides SMEs with access to broader distribution channels and new customer segments. Collaborating with established market players enables SMEs to expand their geographic footprint and increase brand visibility, thus improving competitiveness in a crowded marketplace. Collaboration also fosters innovation and product development. SMEs can work with supply chain partners to co-develop new products, share technological advancements, and gain access to specialized expertise. This enhances the ability of SMEs to innovate and differentiate their product offerings, which is crucial for brand competitiveness in the FMCG sector. Furthermore, supply chain collaboration strengthens risk management and resilience. Joint contingency planning and collective responses to disruptions, such as supply shortages or market fluctuations, help SMEs navigate challenges more effectively. This shared approach to managing risks enables SMEs to recover faster from supply chain disruptions, ensuring business continuity and competitiveness. Supply chain collaboration is a critical tool for FMCG SMEs to boost their competitiveness. By leveraging partnerships, SMEs can reduce costs, expand market reach, foster innovation, and improve resilience, positioning themselves more effectively in a highly competitive environment.
Leveraging advanced financial analytics for predictive risk management and strategic decision-making in global markets
Authors: Oyewale Oyedokun  , Somto Emmanuel Ewim  , Oluwaseun Peter Oyeyemi
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the critical role of advanced financial analytics in enhancing predictive risk management and strategic decision-making within global markets. Organizations can effectively identify, assess, and mitigate risks by leveraging cutting-edge technologies such as machine learning, big data analytics, and predictive modeling. The paper analyzes how predictive analytics informs corporate strategy in volatile markets and highlights real-world applications across various sectors. It also examines the challenges organizations face when adopting financial analytics, including data privacy concerns, integration issues, and skill gaps, while discussing the opportunities that arise from overcoming these obstacles. Finally, the paper offers strategic recommendations for organizations seeking to maximize the benefits of financial analytics, emphasizing the need for robust data security, workforce upskilling, and effective data governance. These insights aim to help businesses leverage financial analytics for competitive advantage, improved decision-making, and enhanced risk management.
Advanced maintenance strategies for energy infrastructure: Lessons for optimizing rotating machinery
Authors: Ovie Vincent Erhueh  , Chukwuebuka Nwakile  , Oluwaseyi Ayotunde Akano  , Adeoye Taofik Aderamo  , Enobong Hanson
Published: October 2024

The reliability and efficiency of energy infrastructure depend heavily on the performance of rotating machinery, such as turbines, compressors, and pumps. Advanced maintenance strategies, particularly predictive and condition-based maintenance, have emerged as crucial approaches for optimizing the operational performance and lifespan of such machinery. This paper explores key lessons learned from implementing these advanced strategies in energy infrastructure, with a focus on how they can enhance system reliability, reduce downtime, and lower maintenance costs. By integrating digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML), maintenance can be more accurately forecasted, enabling preemptive action before machinery failure occurs. The role of real-time monitoring systems and the use of vibration analysis, thermal imaging, and acoustic monitoring as diagnostic tools are examined in detail. Additionally, the paper delves into the challenges associated with the implementation of these strategies, including the need for skilled personnel, the high costs of sensor deployment, and the integration of data from diverse sources. However, despite these challenges, case studies of energy firms that have adopted advanced maintenance strategies demonstrate significant improvements in operational efficiency and machinery uptime. Lessons from industries that rely on rotating machinery, such as oil and gas, power generation, and renewable energy sectors, are highlighted, underscoring the importance of continuous innovation in maintenance techniques. The paper concludes by providing recommendations for organizations looking to optimize their rotating machinery, including prioritizing the deployment of predictive maintenance technologies, fostering collaboration between maintenance and IT departments, and continuously training personnel in the latest diagnostic tools. Ultimately, advanced maintenance strategies present a pathway for energy companies to improve asset management, enhance sustainability, and minimize the risk of unexpected failures.
Vorasidenib (Voranigo) for Low-Grade Glioma
Authors:   Editors from The Medical Letter
Published: October 2024

The FDA has approved vorasidenib (Voranigo – Servier), an oral isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)inhibitor, for treatment of grade 2 astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma in patients ≥12 years old with an IDH1 or IDH2 mutation. It is the first systemic treatment to be approved in the US for this indication.
A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia
Authors: Zonstein Sergei L.
Published: October 2024

The Central Asian representatives of the spider genus Raveniola Zonstein, 1987 (Araneae, Nemesiidae) are revised. The genus is found to encompass 29 regional species: ♀ Raveniola afghana sp. nov. (Afghanistan), ♂♀ R. alajensis sp. nov. (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan), ♂ R. caudata Zonstein, 2009 (Tajikistan), ♂♀ R. concolor Zonstein, 2000 (India), ♂♀ R. cucullata sp. nov. (Tajikistan), ♂♀ R. diluta sp. nov. (Tajikistan), ♂♀ R. dolosa sp. nov. (Tajikistan), ♂♀ R. fedotovi (Charitonov, 1946) (Uzbekistan), ♂♀ R. ferghanensis (Zonstein, 1984) (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan), ♂♀ R. hirta sp. nov. (Tajikistan), ♂♀ R. ignobilis sp. nov. (Tajikistan), ♂ R. inopinata sp. nov. (Tajikistan), ♂ R. insolita sp. nov. (Tajikistan), ♀ R. karategensis sp. nov. (Tajikistan), ♂♀ R. kirgizica sp. nov. (Kyrgyzstan), ♂ R. kopetdaghensis (Fet, 1984) (Turkmenistan), ♂♀ R. mikhailovi Zonstein, 2021 (Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan), ♂♀ R. nenilini sp. nov. (Uzbekistan), ♂♀ R. ornata sp. nov. (Tajikistan, Uzbekistan), ♂♀ R. ornatula sp. nov. (Tajikistan), ♂ R. ovchinnikovi sp. nov. (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan), ♂♀ R. pallens sp. nov. (Uzbekistan), ♂♀ R. pamira sp. nov. (Tajikistan), ♂♀ R. redikorzevi (Spassky, 1937) (Turkmenistan), ♀ R. sororcula sp. nov. (Tajikistan), ♀ R. tarabaevi sp. nov. (Kazakhstan), ♂♀ R. virgata (Simon, 1891), the type species of the genus (Kyrgyzstan), ♂♀ R. vulpina sp. nov. (Kyrgyzstan) and ♂♀ R. zyuzini sp. nov. (Uzbekistan). Redescriptions of eight previously described species are given, the descriptions of 21 above-listed new species are provided, and the female of R. redikorzevi is described for the first time. All mentioned species are assigned herein to four species groups (including two of them previously separated and another two newly established ones), which are confined exclusively to the region. Keys to the species groups and included species, as well as data on their variation, distribution and habitats, are provided.
Innovating Content and Methods of Ideological and Political Education in the Context of the New Era
Authors: Zhang Qing
Published: October 2024

This study identifies four significant challenges in China's current ideological and political education: outdated educational content that lacks relevance to modern developments, limited teaching methods that offer insufficient interactivity, a flawed evaluation system, and an unequal distribution of educational resources. These challenges have reduced the effectiveness of ideological education in shaping students' values and overall growth. This study aims to propose strategies that optimize and address these issues. It advocates for updating educational content to reflect contemporary trends, innovating teaching methods to foster greater engagement and interaction, improving the evaluation system with a stronger emphasis on skill development, and optimizing the allocation of educational resources to ensure a more balanced distribution. Analytically, the study reviews relevant literature and examines current educational practices across different institutions. The findings demonstrate that implementing these strategies can significantly enhance the quality and effectiveness of ideological and political education. Additionally, the study recommends that stakeholders in this field take immediate steps to adopt these changes while continually assessing the impact of these reforms. By doing so, the overall quality of education can be improved, supporting students' comprehensive development and growth. In the long term, these efforts are expected to create a more inclusive and effective educational system that aligns better with the needs of today's society
Revitalizing Tradition: The Role of the Erhu in Modern Music and Global Culture
Authors: Yuan Qiaoyi
Published: October 2024

The Erhu, one of China’s most iconic traditional instruments, is a two-stringed bowed instrument with over a millennium of history. However, in the modern era, there are challenges in maintaining the popularity and relevance of the Erhu amidst the rapid development of new musical instruments and genres. This review explores the Erhu's construction, performing techniques, historical development, and influence on modern music and contemporary culture, focusing on its role in traditional Chinese music and its contributions to international music. The methodology employed in this study involves a comprehensive literature review, incorporating academic sources, musicology books, journal articles, and interviews with professional Erhu players. A comparative analysis was also conducted to understand Erhu’s position in Western classical music and its resurgence in global popular culture. The findings indicate that, despite challenges in sustaining its existence, the Erhu continues to hold strong appeal due to its expressive sound and distinctive tonal qualities. The instrument plays a significant role in traditional Chinese music and has also been adopted in contemporary and popular music, gaining recognition in Western classical compositions. However, challenges remain in enhancing the global recognition of the Erhu outside of its original cultural context. The study recommends promoting the Erhu through cross-cultural music education and fostering collaborations between traditional and modern musicians. Moreover, technological innovations in the design and playability of the Erhu could help broaden its appeal to younger generations and expand its presence on the global music stage.
Blended Learning in Post-COVID-19 Education: Evaluating Benefits, Challenges, and Long-Term Impacts on Students
Authors: Sain Zohaib Hassan , Aziz Aulia Luqman , Sain Shahzadi Hina
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted traditional education, prompting a rapid shift toward blended learning. This study explores the efficacy of blended learning as a sustainable educational model in the post-COVID-19 era, focusing on flexibility, engagement, and accessibility challenges. This research aims to evaluate the benefits, challenges, and long-term impacts of blended learning, particularly in terms of student performance and teacher preparedness. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining quantitative data from 400 students through surveys and qualitative insights from 20 semi-structured interviews with educators and administrators. Quantitative analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis, while qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis in NVivo software. The findings revealed that 87% of students appreciated the flexibility of blended learning, and there was a strong correlation between satisfaction and engagement (r = 0.72). However, 38% of students faced challenges with technology access, highlighting the digital divide. Educators emphasized the need for continuous professional development to implement blended learning effectively. In conclusion, blended learning offers significant advantages but requires improved accessibility and teacher support for long-term success. The research implications suggest that policymakers and institutions should prioritize equitable access to technology and ongoing teacher training to fully leverage the potential of blended learning in future educational models.
Creation of Special Economic Zones in DRC: Critical Look and Perspectives
Authors:   Economist, researcher in public economics, Institute of Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Kinshasa-DRC, KABASUKUTUSUA André MULUMBA
Published: October 2024

The Government resolved to create Special Economic Areas through a law carrying régime of the Special Economic Areas in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The aim pursued by the State is to create favorable conditions to the investment in order to attract the new capital on behalf of the national investors as well as foreign. Indeed, the creation of the Special Economic Areas, for me is an appropriate solution for the Government insofar as it makes it possible to create not only wealth and employment, but also to improve the living conditions of the populations. However, in this item, we would like to draw the attentions of the authorities in their showing that the installation of a legislation regulating the Special Economic Areas does not suffice for it to only attract the investors, there are other factors which, by the fact that they constitute constraints, seriously condition the attraction of the national investors as well as foreign. These constraints are at the same time of an economic and politico-institutional nature. Thus we suggest that the Government finds solutions with these constraints which are in fact, the bottlenecks which could cause the reserve on behalf of the potential investors.
African charter on rights and duties : enforcement mechanisms
Authors: Eze Osita C.
Published: October 2024

The development of the African legal system is at the core of this work, which aims at explaining the relation between political, social and cultural rights and the African Charter of the Rights of Men and Peoples. Assessing the impact of the African Charter supposes a precise description of how national regimes contribute to the human rights. Prior to the Charter, civil and political rights were more important than socio-economic and cultural rights. It is the theoretical and practical aim of this book to show the evolution of this situation. Dr Eze shows that the primary responsibility of national institutions and agents of law enforcement is as important, in the management of human and peoples’ rights, as the input of the regional courts or the mandate of the Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights.