bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research Status and Prospects for the Utilization of Lead–Zinc Tailings as Building Materials
Authors: Li Rui , Yin Ziyi , Lin Hang
Published: January 2023

Lead–zinc tailings are the typical solid wastes in mines with high yield and low utilization rates in some countries at present. They are mainly stockpiled in tailings reservoirs, occupying massive land resources and threatening the health of the environment. One of the advantages of building material production in sustainability is the ability to utilize large amounts of industrial solid wastes, and the use of lead–zinc tailings in building materials is an effective way to meet the dual needs of environmental protection and economic development. This paper reviews the progress of utilizing lead–zinc tailings as building materials and mainly summarizes the status of lead–zinc tailings in cement, geopolymer, concrete, building brick, and foam ceramic. According to previous research, lead–zinc tailings contain large amounts of silica–alumina oxide, which can be used in the production of cement clinker. The addition of lead–zinc tailings to the sintered material can reduce the sintering temperature. The active components contained in lead–zinc tailings can be used in concrete instead of cement or in the preparation of geopolymers. Meanwhile, lead–zinc tailings can also be used as a fine aggregate. However, there are few studies on the durability of building materials with lead–zinc tailings. Additionally, most of the research results of building materials are in the laboratory stage, which are difficult to be promoted. In view of these problems, corresponding suggestions and prospects are given in the end in order to provide a reference for the research on the utilization of lead–zinc tailings.
Challenges and Current Research Trends for Vernacular Architecture in a Global World: A Literature Review
Authors: Pardo José María Fuentes
Published: January 2023

Vernacular architecture can be defined as a type of regional construction influenced by geography, available materials, climate, traditions, and culture that is produced by non-experts through knowledge transmitted and enriched from one generation to the next. In addition to their heritage value, traditional buildings are usually considered a model of sustainability in the use of available resources, with a minimal negative environmental impact, minimization of costs, and a reduction of energy demand. In the current context of the globalization of construction techniques and high requirements of comfortable dwellings, the preservation of vernacular architecture means a major challenge, given that this kind of architecture represents more than 75% of the world’s existing buildings. Based on a study of selected peer-reviewed literature indexed in the Web of Science for the period between 2000 and 2022, this paper qualitatively analyzes the current areas of research on vernacular architecture, with particular attention to the scope of the studies, traditional building materials and construction techniques, preservation problems and solutions, climate adaptation, and the reuse of abandoned vernacular buildings. In order to achieve the goal of preserving vernacular architecture in the coming centuries, research should continue in interdisciplinary teams by promoting fieldwork in under-studied regions and incorporating modern materials and solutions in old vernacular buildings to satisfy current comfort standards without excessively changing their essential features.
Utilization of Different Forms of Demolished Clay Brick and Granite Wastes for Better Performance in Cement Composites
Authors: Kim Jeonghyun , Lee Donwoo , Sičáková Alena , Kim Namho
Published: January 2023

Clay brick and granite waste are part of the waste generated by construction and demolition activities. The amount of these wastes generated is enormous, but on the one hand, they can be used as a raw material for cement mixtures; thus, it is important to find ways to utilize them efficiently. In this study, clay brick and granite waste were crushed and screened into two size fractions (0.15–2.36 mm for sand replacement and smaller than 0.15 mm for cement replacement), and a total of four different forms of recycled materials were obtained (recycled brick aggregate, recycled brick powder, recycled granite aggregate and recycled granite powder) and used in cement mortar. Various properties (workability, mechanical strength and drying shrinkage) of the mortars were assessed according to standardized test methods. The results showed that the various material forms had different effects on the various properties of cement mortar. At replacement ratios of 10% and 20%, recycled granite showed better workability when used as powder, whereas recycled brick used as aggregate had higher workability. In common, using recycled brick and recycled granite in the form of aggregate was advantageous for the strength development of mortar, while using them in the form of powder helped to mitigate drying shrinkage.
A Multimodal Appraisal of Zaha Hadid’s Glasgow Riverside Museum—Criticism, Performance Evaluation, and Habitability
Authors: Salama Ashraf M. , Salingaros Nikos A. , MacLean Laura
Published: January 2023

High-profile projects promoted by governments, local municipalities, and the media do not always meet program requirements or user expectations. The Riverside Museum in Glasgow by Zaha Hadid Architects, which has generated significant discussion in the media, is used to test this claim. A multimodal inquiry adopts three factors: criticism, performance evaluation, and habitability. Results from this method are then correlated with visual attention scans using software from 3M Corporation to map unconscious user engagement. A wide spectrum of tools is employed, including a walking tour assessment procedure, contemplation of selected settings, navigational mapping, and assessing user emotional experiences. Key aspects of the design and spatial qualities of this museum are compared with an analysis of critical writings on how the project was portrayed in the media. Further, we examine socio-spatial practices, selected behavioral phenomena, and the emotional experiences that ensue from users’ interaction with the building and its immediate context. The findings suggest design shortcomings and, more worrisome, that spatial qualities relevant to users’ experiences do not seem to have been met. In going beyond the usual method of analysis, we apply new techniques of eye-tracking simulations, which verify results obtained by more traditional means. An in-depth analysis suggests the need for better compatibility between the imagined design ideas and the actual spatial environments in use.
Ce-Doped LaMnO3 Redox Catalysts for Chemical Looping Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane
Authors: Wang Jingwei , Liang Xiaocen , Xing Zifan , Chen Haitao , Li Yang , Song Da , He Fang
Published: January 2023

As a novel reaction mode of oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene, the chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation (CL-ODH) of ethane to ethylene has attracted much attention. Instead of using gaseous oxygen, CL-ODH uses lattice oxygen in an oxygen carrier or redox catalyst to facilitate the ODH reaction. In this paper, a perovskite type redox catalyst LaMnO3+δ was used as a substrate, Ce3+ with different proportions was introduced into its A site, and its CL-ODH reaction performance for ethane was studied. The results showed that the ratio of Mn4+/Mn3+ on the surface of Ce-modified samples decreased significantly, and the lattice oxygen species in the bulk phase increased; these were the main reasons for improving ethylene selectivity. La0.7Ce0.3MnO3 showed the best performance during the ODH reaction and showed good stability in twenty redox cycle tests.
Coupling Reactions on Secondary Allylic, Propargylic, and Alkyl Carbons Using Organoborates/Ni and RMgX/Cu Reagents
Authors: Kobayashi Yuichi
Published: January 2023

In the first part of this review, secondary carbon-carbon bond formation by using allylic coupling reactions with aryl and alkenyl borates is presented. Early investigations have revealed the suitability of a nickel catalyst and [RTB(OMe)3]Li (RT: transferable group). Due to their low reactivity, the borates were converted to more reactive congeners possessing an alkanediol ligand, such as 2,3-butanediol and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol. Borates with such diol ligands were used to install aryl and alkenyl groups on the monoacetate of 4-cyclopentenyl-1,3-diol. Furthermore, alkenyl borates showed sufficient reactivity toward less reactive allylic alcohol derivatives with bromine atoms at the cis position, producing dieneyl alcohols. In the second part, copper-based and/or copper-catalyzed substitutions of secondary allylic picolinates, propargylic phosphonates, and alkyl (2-pyridine)sulfonates with RMgX are briefly summarized. The application of these reactions to the synthesis of biologically active compounds is also discussed.
Ni-Free SOFC Anode Material with Thermal and Redox Stabilities for the Direct Utilization of Ethanol
Authors: Venâncio Selma Aparecida , de Miranda Paulo Emilio Valadão
Published: January 2023

The direct utilization of anhydrous ethanol in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), with oxygen-storage anode materials of the type Cu-(ZrxCe1−xY0.2O2−δ-Al2O3), is presented. The ceramic processing of CeO2-Al2O3 and 8YSZ (8% mol yttria stabilized zirconia) favors the reaction between Ceria and 8YSZ. Therefore, anode materials composed of active solid solutions, such as (Zr0.25Ce0.75)0.8Y0.2O1.9 (cubic) and (Zr0.50Ce0.50)0.8Y0.2O1.9 (tetragonal), in addition to the Al2O3 phase, are produced and prevent the formation of CeAlO3. The anodes exhibited an excellent oxygen storage capacity, OSC, between 415 to 446 µmolg−1. This occurred due to the replacement of Ce4+ by Zr4+, generating structural defects that increase the oxygen ion mobility and the activity of the Ce4+/Ce3+ redox pair. The anode material presenting the cubic phase showed a better electrochemical performance. The Al2O3 phase provided thermal stability and prevented the coarsening of the solid solution and loss of Ceria’s redox activity. It allowed for SOFC operation at high temperatures, since the yield increased as the operating temperature rose from 750 to 950 °C. An analysis of the results before and after the SOFC operation at 950 °C for 200 h revealed that there was no significant copper grains coarsening since the performance increased with the temperature. The redox behavior during the SOFC operation is also explained through a theoretical physical–chemical mechanism.
Electrochemically Assisted Persulfate Oxidation of Organic Pollutants in Aqueous Solution: Influences, Mechanisms and Feasibility
Authors: Sun Jianting , Zheng Wei , Hu Gang , Liu Fan , Liu Siyuan , Yang Lie , Zhang Zulin
Published: January 2023

Electrochemically (EC) assisted persulfate (PS) oxidation processes (EPOPs) have gained increasing attention in recent years. In this review, the current status and prospects of EC/PS degradation of organic pollutants are discussed and summarized. It was found that the oxidation of most organic contaminants could be significantly enhanced or accelerated using the combination of EC and PS compared to single treatments. Moreover, the effects of various operational variables on the removal of organic contaminants were investigated. Some variables are highly sensitive, and the optimal conditions are case-specific. Regarding the degradation mechanisms, radical-induced reactions and nonradical reactions both exist for the elimination of organic contaminants. Oxidants (including S2O82− and SO4•−) can be produced from SO42− near the anode, which is a unique feature of EPOPs. In some studies, the electrical energy consumption of EPOPs has been controlled to a reasonably low level in lab-scale attempts. Although there are still a few drawbacks or difficulties (e.g., potential electrode fouling, dependency on batch mode) for large-scale applications, EPOPs offer a promising alternative to traditional advanced oxidation techniques.
Fabrication of Porous Hydrophilic CN/PANI Heterojunction Film for High-Efficiency Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Yang Xiaohang , Zhang Yulin , Deng Jiayuan , Huo Xuyang , Wang Yanling , Jia Ruokun
Published: January 2023

The modulation of surface wettability and morphology are essential to optimize the photocatalytic H2 evolution activity of graphitic carbon nitride (CN)-based photocatalysts. In this work, the porous hydrophilic CN/PANI heterojunction film was prepared via interfacial polymerization and loaded on a porous PCL substrate. The construction of the type-II CN/PANI heterojunction enabled an overall spectrum response and the efficient separation and transportation of photoexcited charge carriers. The fabricated CN/PANI solid-state film in comparison with its powder counterpart elevated the utilization efficiency and maintained the long-term stability of photocatalyst. The porous morphology and hydrophilic surface increased the surface area and enhanced the surface wettability, favoring water-molecule adsorption and activation. The as-prepared CN/PANI heterojunction film exhibited photocatalytic H2 production activity up to 3164.3 μmol·h−1·g−1, which was nearly 16-fold higher than that of pristine CN (569.1 μmol·h−1·g−1).
Detection and Degradation Studies of Nile Blue Sulphate Using Electrochemical and UV-Vis Spectroscopic Techniques
Authors: Saleem Muhammad Nadir , Shah Afzal , Ullah Naimat , Nisar Jan , Iftikhar Faiza Jan
Published: January 2023

An efficient and reliable electrochemical sensing platform based on COOH-fMWCNTs modified GCE (COOH-fMWCNTs/GCE) was designed for the detection of nanomolar concentration of Nile Blue Sulphate (NBS). In comparison to the bare GCE, the electrochemical sensing scaffold considerably enhanced the peak current response of NBS dye as confirmed from the results of voltammetric investigations. The electrochemical approach of detecting NBS in the droplet of its solution dried over the surface of modified electrode validated, the role of modifier in enhancing the sensing response. Under optimized conditions, the designed electrochemical platform demonstrated a wide linearity range (0.03–10 μM) for NBS, with LOD of 1.21 nM. Moreover, COOH-fMWCNTs/GCE was found reproducible and stable as confirmed by repeatability and inter-day durability tests. The selectivity of the designed sensing matrix was ensured by anti-interference tests. The photocatalytic degradation of NBS dye was carried out by using TiO2 nanoparticles as photocatalyst in the presence of H2O2. UV-visible spectroscopic studies revealed 95% photocatalytic degradation of NBS following a pseudo-first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.028 min−1. These findings were supported electrochemically by monitoring the photocatalytically degraded dye at the designed sensing platform. The color variation and final decolorization of the selected dye in water served as a visual indicator of the degradation process. To conclude, the designed sensing platform immobilized with COOH-fMWCNTs imparted improved selectivity and sensitivity to detect and to, monitor the photocatalytic degradation of NBS.
Carbon-Protected BiVO4—Cu2O Thin Film Tandem Cell for Solar Water Splitting Applications
Authors: Raghavan Sitaaraman Srinivasa Rao , Andrews Nirmala Grace , Sellappan Raja
Published: January 2023

Carbon-protected BiVO4 photoanode and Cu2O photocathode tandem photoelectrochemical (PEC) system has been explored to reduce surface recombination and enhance the stability of the photoelectrodes. In addition to the carbon layer, the electrodeposited FeOOH nanolayer and drop-casted MoS2 co-catalyst layer on the photoanode and photocathode, respectively improve the reaction kinetics. The optimized photoanode (Mo-BiVO4/C/FeOOH) and photocathode (Cu2O/C/MoS2) produces current densities of ~1.22 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE and ~−1.48 mA cm−2 at 0 V vs. RHE, respectively. The obtained photocurrent is higher than bare photoelectrodes without a carbon layer. Finally, a tandem cell has been constructed, and an unassisted current density of ~0.107 mA cm−2 is obtained for a carbon-protected BiVO4–Cu2O tandem PEC cell at zero bias. The improved stability and enhanced photocurrent of the carbon protective layer are attributed to its better charge transfer resistance and minimized surface defects. Carbon protective layer can be a viable option to improve the stability of photoelectrodes in aqueous media.
Efficient and Stable O-Methylation of Catechol with Dimethyl Carbonate over Aluminophosphate Catalysts
Authors: Wu Baoqin , Sheng Yao , Zhou Linkai , Hong Runduo , Zhang Lifan , Ren Xinfeng , Zou Xiujing , Shang Xingfu , Lu Xionggang , Wang Xueguang
Published: January 2023

The O-methylation of catechol is an effective method for the industrial production of guaiacol used as an important chemical. However, the low catechol conversion and poor catalyst stability are the most critical issues that need to be addressed. Herein, the O-methylation of catechol with dimethyl carbonate was investigated over aluminophosphate (APO) catalysts, using a continuous-flow system to produce guaiacol. APO catalysts were synthesized with varying P/Al molar ratios and calcination temperatures to study their effects on catalytic performance for the reaction. The physico-chemical properties of the APO catalysts were thoroughly investigated using XRD, NH3-TPD, CO2-TPD, FTIR, and Py-FTIR. The P/Al molar ratio and catalyst calcination temperature significantly influenced the structure and texture, as well as the surface acid-base properties of APO. Both the medium acid and medium base sites were observed over APO catalysts, and the Lewis acid sites acted as the main active sites. The APO (P/Al = 0.7) exhibited the highest catalytic activity and excellent stability, due to the suitable medium acid-base pairs.
Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Sensor Based on SnO2 Anchored 3D Porous Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanostructure Produced via Sustainable Green Protocol for Subnanomolar Determination of Anti-Diabetic Drug, Repaglinide
Authors: Mathad Ayyapayya , Korgaonkar Karuna , Jaldappagari Seetharamappa , Kalanur Shankara
Published: January 2023

Herein, we have reported on a simple, environmentally friendly, and ultra-sensitive electrode material, SnO2@p-rGO, used in a clean sustainable manner for rapid electrochemical determination of an anti-diabetic agent, repaglinide (RPG). Three-dimensional porous reduced graphene oxide nanostructure (p-rGO) was prepared via a low-temperature solution combustion method employing glycine. The aqueous extract of agricultural waste “cotton boll peel” served as stabilizing and reducing agents for the synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles. The structural and morphological characterization was carried out by XRD, Raman, SEM, EDX, FTIR, absorption, and TGA. The oxidation process of RPG was realized under adsorption controlled with the involvement of two protons and electrons. The sensor displayed a wider linearity between the concentration of RPG and oxidation peak current in the ranges of 1.99 × 10−8–1.45 × 10−5 M and 4.99 × 10−8–1.83 × 10−5 M for square-wave voltammetric and differential pulse voltammetric methods, respectively. The lower limit of detection value of 0.85 × 10−9 M was realized with the SWV method. The proposed sensor was applied for the quantification of RPG in fortified urine samples and pharmaceutical formulations. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrated reproducibility, long-term stability, and selectivity in the presence of metformin and other interferents, which made the proposed sensor promising and superior for monitoring RPG.
Maladaptive Self- and Interpersonal Functioning Increments General Psychiatric Severity in the Association with Adolescent Personality Pathology
Authors: Sharp Carla , Cervantes Breana Rachelle
Published: January 2023

Dimensionalized diagnostic systems, especially the entry criterion of maladaptive self and interpersonal functioning, hold particular advantages for the downward extension of personality pathology to young persons, but require conceptual clarification. The current study evaluated the distinctiveness of maladaptive self and interpersonal functioning by examining its incremental value over and above general psychiatric severity in the association with personality pathology. A community sample of N = 419 youth (50.4% female; Mage = 11.91, SD = 1.19) between the ages of 10 and 14 completed measures of maladaptive self- and interpersonal functioning, general psychiatric severity (internalizing–externalizing spectrum), and personality pathology. Results showed that, as expected, maladaptive self- and interpersonal functioning incremented general psychiatric severity in the association with personality pathology in adolescents. Results contribute to the literature base illustrating the value of the entry criterion of the ICD-11 and AMPD diagnostic system.
Effects of Lockdown for COVID-19 Pandemic on Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Children with Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract: A Retrospective Pilot Study
Authors: Palma Pier Luigi , Sessa Anna Di , Passaro Antonio Paride , Palladino Eleonora , Furcolo Giuseppe , Barlabà Annalisa , Rivetti Giulio , Lucia Maeva De , Miraglia del Giudice Emanuele , Guarino Stefano , Marzuillo Pierluigi
Published: January 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic changed adults and children’s lifestyle. We focused our attention on children affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to congenital abnormalities of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and their behavior during the lockdown. Our aims were to evaluate the incidence of CKD progression within 6 months after the end of the first Italian lockdown and the factors associated to it. CKD progression was defined by the transition to higher CKD stage or by the drop in estimated glomerular filtration rate by a 25% or more for patients belonging to CKD stages 1 and 2. We retrospectively selected 21 children with CAKUT and CKD ≥ stage 1 observed within 3 months before and 6 months after the first Italian lockdown. We called them by phone and asked them about their lifestyle before and during lockdown focusing on physical activity, screen time, sweet/candies/sugar-sweetened beverages eaten/drunk and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) (through KIDMED questionnaire). We calculated and analyzed the delta between the pre- and post- lockdown observation of all collected parameters (clinical and biochemical parameters and questionnaires scores). Analyzing the overall cohort, we found significantly increased mean BMI and mean screen time and significantly lower mean physical activity time in post- compared with pre-lockdown observations. Eleven out of twenty-one patients (52.4%) had a worsening of CKD. These patients presented higher delta of levels of uric acid and microalbuminuria and showed minor adherence to the MD and declared to have consumed more sweets or candies or sugar-sweetened beverages/week during the lockdown with a tendentially major increment of BMI compared with patients not presenting CKD progression. In conclusion, the lockdown for COVID-19 pandemic determined increase of BMI in all enrolled patients due to a “forced” negative lifestyle. About half of these patients presented CKD progression. This progression was associated to less adherence to the MD and major consumption of sweets or candies or sugar-sweetened beverages.
Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Pediatric Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Steponavičienė Aušra , Burokienė Sigita , Ivaškevičienė Inga , Stacevičienė Indrė , Vaičiūnienė Daiva , Jankauskienė Augustina
Published: January 2023

The overlap of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with other common respiratory pathogens may complicate the course of the disease and prognosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the rates, characteristics, and outcomes of pediatric patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A/B infections, and their coinfections. A single-center prospective cross-sectional study was performed at the pediatric emergency department in Vilnius from 1 October 2021 to 30 April 2022. In total, 5127 children were screened for SARS-CoV-2, RSV, and influenza A/B. SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests were positive for 21.0% of children (1074/5127). The coinfection rate of respiratory viruses (RSV, influenza A) in patients with COVID-19 was 7.2% (77/1074). Among the 4053 SARS-CoV-2 negative patients, RSV was diagnosed in 405 (10.0%) patients and influenza A/B in 827 (20.4%) patients. Patients with COVID-19 and coinfection did not have a more severe clinical course than those with RSV or influenza infection alone. RSV and SARS-CoV-2 primarily affected younger patients (up to 2 years), while the influenza was more common in older children (4–10 years). Patients infected with RSV were more severely ill, reflected by higher hospitalization proportion and need for respiratory support.
Creativity and Generation of Ideas in the Design of Children’s Toys
Authors: Bucur Bogdan , Ban Andreea , Vlase Sorin , Modrea Arina
Published: January 2023

Creativity offers new, interesting, and valuable things that can be intangible (ideas, a theory, songs, etc.) or physical objects (a painting, invention, machine). Creativity implies a lot of qualities of the creator such as imagination, creative work, and innovation and it also improves learning and memory. Many of history’s most important discoveries are the results of creative activity. Repetition leads to mastery of a concept through understanding and produces increased self-confidence. Confidence increases the willingness to act on creativity—to explore, discover, and learn. This positive cycle of learning is fueled by the curiosity and enjoyment that comes from discovery and understanding. We are social creatures, so the greatest reward and pleasure comes from the admiration and support received from loved and respected people. Stimulating children’s interest through play also defines solving through exploration regarding the accumulation of new essential information for knowing values and other useful information, by stimulating curiosity and creativity as well as discovering new resources that generate creative ideas, allowing the acquisition of practical skills. All these aspects are oriented and define the premises for the harmonious development of children towards a new existential stage. Thus, taking these aspects into account will have future effects on self-confidence, work strategies, school results, as well as the desire to study and the ability to store and organize accumulated information. The approach of the case study presents through the game, a motivational alternative, staged regarding the generation of creative ideas in the development and materialization of the concept. It is well known that during childhood, many things are acquired by children through selective association and depending on the sensory perception of objects, namely preferred colors, functions, and predefined shapes, proportional to the anthropometric dimensions specific to preschool age. The article proposes the creative approach and generation of ideas on the design of children’s toys; namely, a case study is presented: children’s toy set—teacup.
Flash Flood Reconstruction and Analysis—A Case Study Using Social Data
Authors: Martins Lenise Farias , Studart Ticiana Marinho de Carvalho , Pontes Filho João Dehon , Porto Victor Costa , Souza Filho Francisco de Assis de , Costa Francisco Railson da Silva
Published: January 2023

This work proposes a methodology for post-flood analysis in ungauged basins with low data availability located in semi-arid regions. The methodology combines social perception with recorded data. Social perception can be a useful tool to enhance the modeling process in cases where official records are nonexistent or unsatisfactory. For this aim, we structured a four-step methodology. First, we create a repository with the information that reconstructs the analyzed event. Photos and news of the flood event are collected from social media platforms. The next step is to consult official government agencies to obtain documented information about the disaster. Then, semi-structured interviews are carried out with residents to obtain the extension and depth of the flooded spot. This social information creates an overview of the flood event that can be used to evaluate the hydraulic/hydrological modeling of the flood event and the quality of the recorded data. We analyzed a flood event in a city in semi-arid Brazil. The event caused several damages such as the breaking of dams and about 40% of the population was somehow impacted although the official rain data pointed to non-extreme precipitation.
Microstructure, Shape Memory Effect, Chemical Composition and Corrosion Resistance Performance of Biodegradable FeMnSi-Al Alloy
Authors: Roman Ana-Maria , Voiculescu Ionelia , Cimpoeșu Ramona , Istrate Bogdan , Chelariu Romeu , Cimpoeșu Nicanor , Zegan Georgeta , Panaghie Cătălin , Lohan Nicoleta Monica , Axinte Mihai , Murariu Alice Mirela
Published: January 2023

The medical applications of degradable iron-based biomaterials have been targeted by re-searchers due to their special properties that they present after alloying with various elements and different technological methods of obtaining. Compared to other biodegradable materials, iron-based alloys are designed especially for the low production costs, the non-magnetism obtained by alloying with Mn, and the shape memory effect (SME) following the alloying with Si, which is necessary in medical applications for which it could replace nitinol successfully. Alloying with new elements could improve the mechanical properties, the degradation rate, and the transformation temperatures corresponding to the SME. This paper presents the results from the study of FeMnSi-Al alloy as a biodegradable material. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) method was used to identify the phases formed in the experimental Fe-Mn-Si-Al alloy, and the SME was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In vitro tests were performed by immersing the samples in Ringer’s biological solution for different time intervals (1, 3, and 7 days). The chemical composition of the samples, as well as the compounds resulting from the immersion tests, were evaluated by energy dispersive X-ray (EDS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the microstructural analysis and for highlighting the surfaces subjected to contact with the electrolyte solution. The corrosion rate (CR, mm/yr.) was calculated after mass loss, sample surface area, and immersion time (h) (at 37 °C). Samples were subjected to electro-corrosion tests using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel linear and cyclic potentiometry.
The Impact of Two and Three Dimensional Assumptions on Coupled Structural Mechanics and Microstructure Solidification Modelling
Authors: Soar Peter , Kao Andrew , Pericleous Koulis
Published: January 2023

It is usual for computational efficiency to simulate growing alloy dendrites during solidification using a two-dimensional model. However, the fidelity of such simulations is to be questioned, since observations show that three-dimensional models lead to significantly more realistic results in comparison to experiments under many situations. Even in thin sample cases, the properties affecting, for example, mechanical behaviour are intrinsically three-dimensional. However, partly due to the lack of published work on the, topic the impact of 2D assumptions on the evolution and structural mechanical behaviour of dendrites has not been properly explored. In this study, solidification using the Cellular Automata (CA) method was coupled to a Finite Volume Structural Mechanics Solver (FVSMS) capable of both 2D and 3D modelling, applied to a selection of representative problems which clearly demonstrate that structural mechanics is another factor in the modelling of dendrites where two-dimensional assumptions can lead to significantly altered behaviour when compared to three-dimensional reality.
Controlling the Plastic Anisotropy of Magnesium Alloy by Tailoring the Grain Size and Yttrium Content
Authors: Kumar Mariyappan Arul , Wroński Marcin , Beyerlein Irene J.
Published: January 2023

Hexagonal close-packed (HCP) magnesium alloys are widely used in automotive and aerospace industries due to their low density and high specific-strength. Their applicability is mainly restricted due to poor formability and pronounced plastic anisotropy. The formability is usually improved by altering the chemistry (adding rare-earth elements like Y) or modulating the microstructure (e.g., grain refinement). However, grain refinement alone cannot yield the desired ductility, and the scarcity of rare-earth elements also limits the extent to which the alloying strategy can be used. To overcome these issues, in this work, it is proposed that the formability of Mg alloys can be improved by combining the grain refinement and alloying approaches. To quantitively explore this possibility, a crystal-plasticity-based constitutive model, which is sensitive to both alloying concentration and grain sizes, is developed. To demonstrate, the model is applied to study the combined effect of Y content and grain size on the mechanical responses of Mg alloy. The calculations are used to build maps of plastic anisotropy measures, such as tension–compression asymmetry ratio and Lankford coefficients, for a wide range of Y content and grain sizes. From these maps, the grain size that would yield the desired performance of Mg alloy for a fixed Y content can be identified. This work provides an accelerated pathway to optimize both the microstructure and chemistry simultaneously to achieve formability and to reduce the dependence on alloying.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Care
Authors: Zhai YiYuan , Chopra Pooja , Kang David , Robert Nicholas J. , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2023

We assessed the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare visits, timing of stage IV NSCLC diagnosis and immunotherapy initiation, and rates of switching to extended dosing schedules of immunotherapies among patients with stage IV NSCLC. This retrospective study examined electronic health record data of adult patients receiving treatment for stage IV NSCLC within The US Oncology Network and Onmark. Endpoints were compared for February–July 2019 (before COVID) vs. February–July 2020 (during COVID). The study found rapid decreases in numbers of patients with clinic/vital visits, immunotherapy initiations, and new diagnoses of stage IV NSCLC during April–May 2020 vs. April–May 2019. The rate of delays of immunotherapy administrations and proportions of patients with such delays increased from February to March of 2020. These patterns may have resulted from the increase in COVID-19 cases during this period and the corresponding quarantine and lockdowns. However, when comparing pre COVID-19 and during COVID-19 for May and after, the differences in delay of immuno-oncology administrations became less marked, likely due to lifting of lockdowns. The rate of switching from shorter to longer dosing schedules increased from May–July 2020. This was mainly attributed to pembrolizumab, likely due to FDA approval of the pembrolizumab 6W dosing schedule in April 2020.
CD5-Negative Primary Mantle Cell Lymphoma Presenting with a Bilateral Conjunctival Mass: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall
Authors: Zanelli Magda , Lugli Alberto , Palicelli Andrea , Sanguedolce Francesca , Zizzo Maurizio , Cresta Camilla , Biancafarina Samuele , Martino Giovanni , Crescenzi Barbara , Pancetti Saverio , Broggi Giuseppe , Caltabiano Rosario , Cimino Luca , Mecucci Cristina , Ascani Stefano
Published: January 2023

Mantle cell lymphoma is a B-cell malignancy, which, in its classic form, usually involves lymph nodes and extranodal sites, and, among the extranodal sites, the gastrointestinal tract and the Waldeyer’s ring are most prevalent. MCL is rarely reported in the ocular adnexa, a site more frequently affected by extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, which is a form of low-grade malignancy. The diagnosis of MCL presenting in the ocular adnexa requires special attention as its rarity in this location combined with the not uncommon CD5 negativity of the disease when occurring in the ocular adnexa, may lead the pathologist to overlook the diagnosis and misinterpret MCL as marginal zone B cell lymphoma, which has a totally different behavior. Herein, we present a case of primary bilateral conjunctival CD5-negative MCL in a patient having no other sites affected by lymphoma and we discuss possible diagnostic pitfalls.
Electrical Stimulation for Preventing Skin Injuries in Denervated Gluteal Muscles—Promising Perspectives from a Case Series and Narrative Review
Authors: Alberty Marie , Mayr Winfried , Bersch Ines
Published: January 2023

Spinal cord injury (SCI) where the lower motor neuron is compromised leads to atrophy and degenerative changes in the respective muscle. This type of lesion becomes especially critical when the gluteal muscles and/or the hamstrings are affected as they usually offer a cushioning effect to protect from skin injuries. Previous research conducted over the past 30 years has made advancements in the development of parameters for the optimal application of long pulse stimulation with the aim to restore muscle structure and trophic aspects in people with chronic SCI (<20 years post-injury). This work provides an overview of previous achievements in the field through a narrative literature review before presenting preliminary results in the form of a case series from an ongoing study investigating the acute effects of six months of long pulse stimulation on the tissue composition of the gluteal muscles in five people with chronic SCI (>20 years post-injury). Participants underwent a 33-min home-based long pulse stimulation program five times a week, and their muscle and adipose tissue thicknesses were assessed at baseline, after three and six months, respectively, using magnetic resonance imaging. The results show that the largest increase in muscle thickness occurred at the level of the height of the acetabulum (+44.37%; χ2(2) = 0.5; p = 0.779), whereas the most important decrease in adipose tissue occurred at the level of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) reference (−11.43%; χ2(2) = 1.6; p = 0.449) within only six months of regular stimulation despite the preceding long denervation period. The underlying mechanism and physiology of muscular resuscitation from myofibrillar debris as presented in chronic denervation to functional contractile entities remain to be investigated further.
The Nuclear Dense Fine Speckled (DFS) Immunofluorescence Pattern: Not All Roads Lead to DFS70/LEDGFp75
Authors: Sanchez-Hernandez Evelyn S. , Ortiz-Hernandez Greisha L. , Ochoa Pedro T. , Reeves Michael , Bizzaro Nicola , Andrade Luis E. C. , Mahler Michael , Casiano Carlos A.
Published: January 2023

The monospecific dense fine speckled (DFS) immunofluorescence assay (IFA) pattern is considered a potential marker to aid in exclusion of antinuclear antibody (ANA)-associated rheumatic diseases (AARD). This pattern is typically produced by autoantibodies against transcription co-activator DFS70/LEDGFp75, which are frequently found in healthy individuals and patients with miscellaneous inflammatory conditions. In AARD patients, these antibodies usually co-exist with disease-associated ANAs. Previous studies reported the occurrence of monospecific autoantibodies that generate a DFS-like or pseudo-DFS IFA pattern but do not react with DFS70/LEDGFp75. We characterized this pattern using confocal microscopy and immunoblotting. The target antigen associated with this pattern partially co-localized with DFS70/LEDGFp75 and its interacting partners H3K36me2, an active chromatin marker, and MLL, a transcription factor, in HEp-2 cells, suggesting a role in transcription. Immunoblotting did not reveal a common protein band immunoreactive with antibodies producing the pseudo-DFS pattern, suggesting they may recognize diverse proteins or conformational epitopes. Given the subjectivity of the HEp-2 IFA test, the awareness of pseudo-DFS autoantibodies reinforces recommendations for confirmatory testing when reporting patient antibodies producing a putative DFS pattern in a clinical setting. Future studies should focus on defining the potential diagnostic utility of the pseudo-DFS pattern and its associated antigen(s).
Predictive Value of Echocardiographic Pulmonary to Left Atrial Ratio for In-Hospital Death in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Renda Giulia , Mennuni Marco G. , Pizzoferrato Giovanni , Esposto Daniele , Alberani Angela , De Vecchi Simona , Degiovanni Anna , Giubertoni Ailia , Spinoni Enrico Guido , Grisafi Leonardo , Sagazio Emanuele , Ucciferri Claudio , Falasca Katia , Vecchiet Jacopo , Gallina Sabina , Patti Giuseppe
Published: January 2023

Background: Echocardiographic Pulmonary to Left Atrial Ratio (ePLAR) represents an accurate and sensitive non-invasive tool to estimate the trans-pulmonary gradient. The prognostic value of ePLAR in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the predictive value of ePLAR on in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19. Methods: One hundred consecutive patients admitted to two Italian institutions for COVID-19 undergoing early (<24 h) echocardiographic examination were included; ePLAR was determined from the maximum tricuspid regurgitation continuous wave Doppler velocity (m/s) divided by the transmitral E-wave: septal mitral annular Doppler Tissue Imaging e′-wave ratio (TRVmax/E:e′). The primary outcome measure was in-hospital death. Results: patients who died during hospitalization had at baseline a higher prevalence of tricuspid regurgitation, higher ePLAR, right-side pressures, lower Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE)/ systolic Pulmonary Artery Pressure (sPAP) ratio and reduced inferior vena cava collapse than survivors. Patients with ePLAR > 0.28 m/s at baseline showed non-significant but markedly increased in-hospital mortality compared to those having ePLAR ≤ 0.28 m/s (27% vs. 10.8%, p = 0.055). Multivariate Cox regression showed that an ePLAR > 0.28 m/s was independently associated with an increased risk of death (HR 5.07, 95% CI 1.04–24.50, p = 0.043), particularly when associated with increased sPAP (p for interaction = 0.043). Conclusions: A high ePLAR value at baseline predicts in-hospital death in patients with COVID-19, especially in those with elevated pulmonary arterial pressure. These results support an early ePLAR assessment in patients admitted for COVID-19 to identify those at higher risk and potentially guide strategies of diagnosis and care.
Contrast Enhanced EUS for Predicting Solid Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Grade and Aggressiveness
Authors: Franchellucci Gianluca , Andreozzi Marta , Carrara Silvia , De Luca Luca , Auriemma Francesco , Paduano Danilo , Calabrese Federica , Facciorusso Antonio , Poletti Valeria , Zerbi Alessandro , Lania Andrea Gerardo , Bertuzzi Alexia Francesca , Spaggiari Paola , Pedicini Vittorio , Rodari Marcello , Fusaroli Pietro , Lisotti Andrea , Ofosu Andrew , Repici Alessandro , Mangiavillano Benedetto
Published: January 2023

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) behavior assessment is a daily challenge for physicians. Modern PNET management varies from a watch-and-wait strategy to surgery depending on tumor aggressiveness. Therefore, the aggressiveness definition plays a pivotal role in the PNET work-up. The aggressiveness of PNETs is mainly based on the dimensions and histological grading, with sometimes a lack of specificity and sensibility. In the last twenty years, EUS has become a cornerstone in the diagnostic phase of PNET management for its high diagnostic yield and the possibility of obtaining a histological specimen. The number of EUS applications in the PNET work-up has been rapidly increasing with new and powerful possibilities. The application of contrast has led to an important step in PNET detection; in recent years, it has been gaining interesting applications in aggressiveness assessment. In this review, we underline the latest experiences and opportunities in the behavior assessment of PNETs using contact-enhanced EUS and contested enhanced harmonic EUS with a particular focus on the future application and possibility that these techniques could provide.
Awareness of Students and Dentists on Sustainability Issues, Safety of Use and Disposal of Dental Amalgam
Authors: Spaveras Andreas , Antoniadou Maria
Published: January 2023

Among the pillars of sustainability in health care units is environmental protection. Although an EU-wide dental amalgam phase-out legislation exists, quantities of this material are still to be found in the market, dental offices or in the mouths of patients. The purpose of this study is to record the views of dentists and dental students in Greece regarding the use and safety of dental amalgam for people and the environment as well as their attitudes towards its restriction and disposal. Materials and methods: Two different questionnaires, through Google forms, were filled by each group. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the variables. The chi-square test or the chi-square test with Yates correction was used to examine potential differences per group (p-value = 0.05). Overall, 564 people participated in this study; 462 (81.9%) dentists (N1) and 102 (18.1%) dental students (N2). Results: Both groups agreed that they no longer use dental amalgam often. Dentists (39.8%) and students (36.4%) consider amalgam to have a moderate burden on the environment. This answer differed significantly per year of profession and year of undergraduate studies, respectively, with dentists from 6–25 years in the profession and 4th-year students, being the least aware on the environmental footprint of dental amalgam. Further, professionals (70%) and students (60%) believe that dental amalgam has a hazardous impact on patient’s health, at all or to a small extent. For staff health, dentists reported at a moderate degree dangerous impact (32.9%) while students (36.4%), respectively. The impact on patients and staff health, were found to differ significantly per region of practicing dentistry for both groups. Finally, there were suggestions made from both groups about the necessity of information sharing on amalgam and mercury safety and the impact on the environment at the level of professional organizations. Conclusions: Students, younger dentists and those living in non-urban regions seem to be more sensitive to the environmental impact of amalgam use, disposal, and health of people. Environmental issues should be addressed thoroughly by professional organizations, enhancing relevant activities for all people involved.
Assessment of Product Variety Complexity
Authors: Modrak Vladimir , Soltysova Zuzana
Published: January 2023

Product variety complexity assessment plays a vital role in system design, as it has tremendous negative effects on manufacturing complexity in assembly systems and supply chains. On the other hand, practitioners and researchers frequently consider the number of product variants as a sufficient measure to be used to manage this kind of complexity. However, as shown in this study, such a measure does not reflect all pertinent features of complexity. Therefore, the main goal of the paper is to develop a measurement method for product variety complexity that adequately reflects relevant relations between the portfolio of optional components and the number of product variants. As presented in the paper, the concept of information theory can be effectively applied to measure product variety complexity. Moreover, such a measure can also be useful to better understand this system’s properties in order to reduce the level of variety-induced complexity. As such, the proposed method can be viewed as a complementary tool for reducing manufacturing complexity in terms of mass customization. The developed complexity metric was successfully tested on a realistic design example.