bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Débats sur la contraception et l’autonomie sexuelle chez les féministes japonaises
Authors: Lévy Christine
Published: May 2016

L’article explore les différentes raisons des réticences de la part des féministes du Ûman ribu (Mouvement de libération des femmes) des années 1970 vis-à-vis de la pilule contraceptive, en contraste avec ce qui s’est passé en France à la même époque. L’une des particularités du mouvement au Japon a été la construction d’une alliance entre les féministes et les associations de personnes handicapées pour lutter contre les effets de l’eugénisme. Cette orientation du mouvement tient à différents éléments du contexte historique et politique japonais, tels que les longues luttes contre la pollution (le désastre de la maladie de Minamata) et l’existence d’une loi de protection eugéniste (Yûsei hogo-hô) autorisant l’interruption de grossesse depuis 1948. La dénonciation de l’eugénisme s’ancre au cœur de ce mouvement et demeure d’actualité. L’analyse de ces positions apparemment paradoxales permet de mieux comprendre la conception de la morale sexuelle chez les féministes japonaises, fondée sur l’idée d’un partage des responsabilités contraceptives, et comment elles construisent leur autonomie.
Économie des quartiers prioritaires : une introduction
Authors: L’Horty Yannick , Morin Pierre
Published: May 2016

La politique des quartiers prioritaires s’est développée par à-coups, le plus souvent en réaction aux mouvements sociaux localisés dans les quartiers dits sensibles. Vingt ans après la création des zones urbaines sensibles, des zones franches urbaines et des zones de redynamisation urbaine, et dix ans après la mise en place des contrats urbains de cohésion sociale, la Revue économique consacre un numéro spécial aux quartiers prioritaires. Définis de façon systématique à l’aide de critères explicites, ces territoires dérogent aux règles de droit commun en matière d’aide publique ou de réglementation fiscale ou sociale. Les douze articles de ce numéro explicitent les enjeux de la politique des quartiers prioritaires, mettent en évidence les effets de territoire qui motivent cette politique et proposent d’évaluer son impact avec des méthodes quasi expérimentales.
Transformer les quartiers défavorisés
Authors: Baumont Catherine , Guillain Rachel
Published: May 2016

Cet article analyse les politiques publiques urbaines en direction des quartiers en difficulté à la lumière des théories de l’économie urbaine et de leurs enseignements sur l’organisation socio-économique des villes. Si l’amélioration des conditions d’habitat est effectivement un facteur d’accroissement du statut socio-économique des quartiers, il agit par attraction de nouveaux habitants plus riches et fuite des habitants pauvres. Nous soulignons que l’économie urbaine peine à démontrer l’émergence de configurations urbaines mixtes stables. Il faut, pour cela, soit considérer celles-ci comme des étapes transitoires entre deux équilibres de ségrégation, soit viser à l’instauration d’interactions sociales durables et positives, au sein des quartiers, entre les ménages favorisés et les ménages défavorisés. Enfin, l’action publique en matière de renouvellement urbain, bien qu’assujettie à des critères d’équité, produit une valorisation immobilière des quartiers et peut rechercher des effets de levier du côté des acteurs privés. La question importante nous semble bien être celle de la transformation globale de la ville : il n’est pas pertinent de ne raisonner qu’à l’échelle des quartiers en difficulté comme s’ils étaient isolés. L’enclavement géographique est un facteur de friction pour la réussite des politiques zonées. En retour, le désenclavement social n’est pas neutre géographiquement, car les politiques ne peuvent transformer que la géographie de la ségrégation dans la ville.
Le niveau de chômage dans le voisinage affecte-t-il l’entrée sur le marché du travail ?
Authors: Solignac Matthieu , Tô Maxime
Published: May 2016

Au cours des dernières décennies, le taux de chômage moyen des jeunes s’est maintenu à un niveau élevé tout en étant sujet à des variations locales importantes en milieu urbain. Cet article se propose d’analyser l’impact du niveau d’emploi dans le voisinage sur l’entrée dans la vie active. Afin d’identifier cet effet d’interaction sociale, nous proposons une stratégie exploitant la variation infraquartier du taux d’emploi qui permet de neutraliser les biais éventuels liés à l’endogénéité du lieu de résidence. Elle est appliquée à un échantillon représentatif des jeunes hommes sortant du système éducatif français en 1998 et 2004. Un effet positif du niveau d’emploi local sur l’accès à l’emploi est mis en évidence, suggérant l’influence de l’exposition aux personnes du voisinage en emploi sur la probabilité d’en décrocher un. L’ampleur de cet effet social varie selon la durée d’exposition au voisinage, le niveau de diplôme et le statut d’immigré des parents. Cet effet disparaît lorsque le niveau local de chômage des jeunes est élevé : un changement marginal du taux d’emploi local s’accompagne d’une augmentation des chances de trouver un emploi uniquement dans les quartiers dans lesquels la proportion de jeunes actifs en emploi est supérieure à 75 %.
La « mémoire » de la compulsion de répétition
Authors: Schmid-Kitsikis Elsa
Published: May 2016

L’auteur propose une analyse des interrogations freudiennes concernant les particu-larités du processus mémoriel ainsi que de son destin dans le cadre de la compulsion à répéter. La répétition s’apparenterait à la réminiscence et non à la remémoration. Elle serait « un anti-souvenir » ou « anté-souvenir » (Barbier). Freud s’interroge plus particulièrement sur la notion de fixation compulsive qui modifie radicalement la tendance à la répétition, force d’ancrage et de poussée, force de contrainte pulsionnelle (Zwang), échappant au contrôle du sujet condensant et parfois annulant le temps, et plaçant ainsi au cœur de la démarche de l’analyste la complexité du travail avec les névrosés.
Bion, une psychanalyse sans mémoire
Authors: Korff-Sausse Simone
Published: May 2016

L’auteur se propose d’examiner l’apport de W.R. Bion à la théorie psychanalytique de la mémoire. À partir de la fameuse formule « Sans mémoire, sans désir, sans compréhension », il s’agit de voir quels sont les concepts théoriques et les principes méthodologiques qui permet-tent de penser ce qu’est une psychanalyse sans mémoire. La conception de Bion amène à mo-difier certaines notions, comme la mémoire implicite, le rêve ou la vie prénatale et elle a des implications cliniques dans des champs peu explorés par la psychanalyse, comme le vieillis-sement par exemple, mais aussi dans la pratique quotidienne du psychanalyste.
De la difficulté de haïr son ennemi
Authors: Oliner Marion M. , Hacker Anne-Lise
Published: May 2016

Cet article tente d’explorer plus à fond le phénomène déroutant des reproches que des victimes de malheurs et de trauma s’imposent à elles-mêmes. On a expliqué la signification personnelle d’événements traumatiques dans la vie d’un individu par le rôle de souhaits in-conscients et la signification symbolique attribuée au destin. Mais l’omnipotence et l’incapacité à « utiliser » la réalité extérieure pour une gratification et exonération demandent des explications supplémentaires qui vont au-delà de l’analyse de la signification personnelle. Cette étude tend à parvenir à une meilleure compréhension de cet aspect du trauma et de son impact sur l’organisation de la personnalité.
Mémoires stables et instables
Authors: Eustache Francis
Published: May 2016

La neuropsychologie et les neurosciences cognitives proposent une vision plurielle de la mémoire, formée de plusieurs systèmes en interaction. Ces conceptions modernes intè-grent les liens avec la conscience et les émotions, ainsi que les relations entre mémoire et iden-tité ou encore mémoire individuelle et mémoire collective. Elles cherchent également à rendre compte de l’évolution des traces mnésiques au fil du temps et permettent le dialogue avec d’autres disciplines, mettant l’emphase sur la dimension subjective de la cognition dans toute sa complexité. Cette situation encourage à revisiter certains concepts frontières et ouvre à une clinique intégrant des approches neuropsychologiques et psychodynamiques.
Une déchirure dans la mémoire qui s’agrandit avec le temps
Authors: Petrou Michaël A.
Published: May 2016

Depuis l’invasion turque de Chypre en 1974, plusieurs centaines de personnes sont portées disparues. En dépit des exhumations d’ossements, récemment identifiés à un nombre important des disparus, l’élaboration de leur deuil reste entravée. L’auteur s’efforce de montrer comment leurs familles se chargent d’une fonction de porte-deuil en faveur de l’ensemble social. Leur deuil semble lié aux péripéties de la société chypriote-grecque, accablée par des traumas et des deuils irrésolus de ses idéaux et de sa mémoire collective. C’est ainsi que la construction d’une mémoire tempérée et partagée par ses membres, et l’envisagement d’un futur possible pour le pays sont mis en péril.
Voyages de mémoire
Authors: Rosenblum Rachel
Published: May 2016

Dans l’analyse des descendants des survivants de traumatismes massifs, il arrive selon Ilse Grubrich Simitis, un moment où le processus classique d’élaboration-interprétation, peut être complété et relayé par un voyage sur les lieux du trauma. Ce retour induirait une forme de remémoration à même de distinguer entre constructions fantasmatiques et événements réel-lement survenus. Comparant plusieurs types de voyageurs – Gary, Carrère, Perec – ce texte montre que les effets comme les dangers du retour sont radicalement différents pour les survi-vants directs et pour leurs descendants.
Les deux temps de l’Œdipe
Authors: Chauvin Jean-Marc
Published: May 2016

Si la théorie freudienne du monisme phallique paupérise les notions de bisexualité psychique et de sexualité féminine, elle occulte les nombreuses descriptions nuancées du sexe féminin parcourant certains écrits freudiens. Ce monisme phallique pour le garçon et phallique-clitoridien pour la fille serait plus fécond. Il serait source d’identifications génitales étayantes, avant d’aborder l’Œdipe. Il y aurait deux temps. Un premier, dit « stade phallique identitaire », quiescent, soulignant une relation objectale dyadique homosexuelle à son père et dyadique hétérosexuelle à sa mère pour le garçon. Pour la fille, dyadique homosexuelle et hétérosexuelle à sa mère et dyadique hétérosexuelle à son père. Un deuxième temps, un après-coup, dipha-sique, nommé « stade phallique-vaginal », sera co-construit quand l’Œdipe prendra son plein sens tiercéisant.
Modélisation (cybernétique) du Projet d’une psychologie de Freud
Authors: Benhamou Maxime
Published: May 2016

Si, après Freud, la notion de narcissisme primaire est devenue un concept désuet et délaissé par la recherche psychanalytique c’est sans doute en raison d’une centration quasi-exclusive sur l’étude de la relation d’objet narcissique. L’auteur propose une voie d’accès diffé-rente pour aborder cette notion : celle des processus de pensées intrinsèques au narcissisme primaire responsables d’une appréhension et d’une perception de la réalité de type égocen-trique, solipsiste, fermée sur soi. Une voie de recherche dans laquelle Freud s’était fortement investi tout au long de son œuvre et principalement dans son Projet d’une psychologie de 1895. De récentes recherches en robotique serviront à modéliser les hypothèses du Projet afin d’en vérifier leur validité. Finalement, l’argumentation s’appliquera à vérifier si un système psychique de type égocentrique est en mesure de se développer et d’évoluer. La réponse est oui. Quelques implications de ce constat seront brièvement amorcées.
Le secteur N (Afrique) et la fin de la Guerre froide
Authors: Bat Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2016

Entre 1970 et 1990, de la Guerre fraîche au discours de La Baule, le secteur Afrique de la DGSE connaît sa première grande phase de mutation après la décennie 1960 et l’ère post-indépendance, dominées par le fondateur du secteur Afrique, le célèbre colonel Maurice Robert. Entre protection de son héritage et réforme interne, la DGSE redéfinit ses contours africains sous les présidences Giscard d’Estaing et Mitterrand – tous deux surnommés, pour des raisons différentes, « L’Africain ». De nouvelles synergies internes et externes au secteur Afrique apparaissent alors, tandis que l’image de la DGSE est fixée par la presse au début des années 1990.
L’Humanitaire militaire et la crise malienne (2012-2015). Vers une théorie de la crise complexe
Authors: Le Houérou Fabienne
Published: May 2016

Cet article explore le caractère chronique de la crise malienne (2012-2015) à la lumière du passé de ce pays. Sa gestion par la France passe par une stratégie de communication moderne qui associe la dimension humanitaire à l’expérience militaire. En effet, il s’agit de présenter aux médias le passage à l’intervention militaire comme l’un des éléments d’une ambition pacifique plus ambitieuse et plus « noble » : voler au secours d’un pays ami en difficulté. La crise malienne, à l’instar d’autres crises africaines, trouve ses racines dans la longue durée. Ce registre d’historicité et la récurrence d’affrontements « ethniques » sur des temps longs sont caractéristiques des crises complexes et durables. L’auteur s’inspire des travaux d’Edgar Morin pour analyser la question malienne comme le paradigme de ce type de crise. Il s’agit d’une flambée « endémique », modèle paradoxal de convulsion permanente. La fin des hostilités armées n’induit pas une véritable extinction de l’incendie par la conclusion de véritables accords de paix mais des solutions pacifiques précaires, susceptibles de donner lieu à de nouvelles flambées de violence.
Essai sur la définition de la philosophie économique
Authors: Quiquerez Guillaume
Published: May 2016

Nous proposons dans ce texte une définition ouverte de la « philosophie économique » comme « champ postural des idées rationalisées de l’économie ». Notre argumentation comprend deux étapes. La première permet de répondre à cette question : pourquoi la philosophie économique ? Nous y soutenons que celle-ci doit être entendue comme une réaction à un doute concernant la représentation dominante de l’économie comme science, elle-même causée par trois problèmes que nous analysons. Nous explicitons notre définition dans une deuxième étape, en clarifiant d’abord les notions de « champ postural » et d’« idées de l’économie ». Cette discussion nous conduit ensuite à clarification des liens entre idée, concept, théorie et jugement. Finalement, nous rapprochons la conception stipulative proposée ici de celle, extensionnelle, promue par A. Leroux depuis 1995.
Les musiciens français en Allemagne du nord (1660-1730) : questions de méthode
Authors: Delpech Louis
Published: May 2016

Cet article vise à situer sur le plan méthodologique notre travail de thèse. Deux questions de méthode seront ainsi abordées à partir de la migration des musiciens français en Allemagne du Nord (1660-1730). La question des échelles géographiques, cruciale pour un travail sur l’Empire où les espaces politiques sont souvent difficiles à appréhender pour le chercheur français, fait l’objet d’un premier pan de la réflexion. À travers plusieurs cas d’étude, nous tenterons de situer quelques échelles pertinentes pour aborder les circulations musicales dans l’Europe moderne. Dans un second temps, l’article explore les possibilités ouvertes par une approche qui combine une histoire culturelle portant sur les transferts musicaux franco-allemands, avec l’étude des circulations humaines et l’application de quelques outils prosopographiques au groupe social formé par les musiciens français.
Engagements et circulation des artistes au xviiie siècle. Le cas des théâtres Alibert et Argentina de Rome
Authors: Oriol Élodie
Published: May 2016

Cet article propose d’étudier les ressorts de la mobilité dans une capitale musicale européenne, la ville de Rome au xviiie siècle. Chaque année, des artistes (compositeurs, chanteurs, danseurs et instrumentistes) rejoignent la cité pontificale pour prendre part à la saison lyrique organisée pendant le carnaval et se soumettent à la critique d’un public nombreux et impatient. Les modalités de recrutement des artistes dans le milieu du spectacle vivant seront analysées dans les théâtres Alibert et Argentina de Rome. Grâce à une riche documentation relative à l’activité de ces deux institutions théâtrales (contrats, correspondances, délibérations), il est possible d’observer les rouages de l’organisation d’une saison théâtrale et de mettre au jour les mécanismes qui conditionnent et activent les mobilités artistiques. Une attention particulière est donc portée aux choix des gestionnaires du théâtre concernant l’engagement des artistes, et à l’étude des tractations et des négociations menées entre les différents acteurs du monde théâtral (directeurs de salle, artistes et intermédiaires).
Design and Execution of Watertight Concrete Constructions
Authors: Bilčík Juraj , Sonnenschein Robert , Gajdošová Katarína
Published: May 2016

For various underground concrete structures (basements, tunnels), which remain permanently in the groundwater, watertight concrete is of increasing importance. Watertight concrete structures have several advantages over structures with exterior waterproofing membrane. The design and execution of watertight concrete structures is regulated by guidelines. Although these principles and procedures are widely used, it can be problematic to make them failure-free. The causes of this situation are manifold, but primarily related to the lack of designer’s knowledge and contractor’s technological indiscipline. Considering the importance of leaking separation cracks in terms of serviceability and durability of watertight structures, the contribution analyses constructional, technological and execution measures to reduce the occurrence of failures. Perhaps the paper can contribute to a better understanding of the behaviour and reasons of failures of this advanced technology.
Study of Strengthening Flat Slabs against Punching by Additional Column Heads
Authors: Nováček Jan , Zich Miloš
Published: May 2016

Over the past few years, punching shear has been in the forefront of both research teams and professional public due to a new approach to its verification according to Model Code 2010. From this topic, the task of flat slabs strengthening against punching shear has arisen. This problem, and in particular the problem of flat slabs strengthened by additional concrete column heads, is the focus of this paper. Structures are analysed using a 3D FEM models including material and geometric nonlinearity. The way of modelling is validated against experiments on non-strengthened flat slabs subjected to punching shear. At first, strengthening with a rigid connection at the interface between structures is considered and then, several different types of connection at the interface are evaluated. Finally, strengthening of structures with varying lengths of top flexural reinforcement in the slab is modelled while minimum anchorage length outside the additional column head is verified.
Elastic Buckling Moment of Continuous Composite Beams
Authors: Živner Tomáš , Aroch Rudolf , Fabry Michal M.
Published: May 2016

Lateral-torsional buckling is one of the criteria in the design of steel and composite beams in ultimate limit state. This paper deals with lateral-torsional buckling of double-span continuous composite beams subjected to two different loadings. The main objective of the paper is the comparison of the elastic buckling moment values of composite continuous beams performed according to approximation formulas of Mcr,A from codes [2] and different sources [3] to more exact values Mcr,E obtained by computer programs based on finite element method [1P]. The results will be presented in the form of elastic buckling moment ratios Mcr,A / Mcr,E.
The Influence of Slab Concreting Sequence on a Continuous Composite Girder Bridge
Authors: Živner Tomáš , Aroch Rudolf , Fabry Michal M.
Published: May 2016

This paper deals with the slab concreting sequence and its influence on a composite steel and concrete continuous highway girder bridge. The bridge has a symmetrical composite two-girder structure with three spans of 60 m, 80 m, 60 m (i.e. a total length between abutments of 200.0 m). The horizontal alignment is straight. The top face of the deck is flat. The bridge is straight. The transverse cross-section of the slab is symmetrical with respect to the axis of the bridge. The total slab width is 12 m. The slab thickness varies from 0.4 m on main girders to 0.25 m at its free edges and 0.3075 m at its axis of symmetry. The center-to-center spacing between main girders is 7 m and the slab cantilever on either side is 2.5 m long. Every main girder has a constant depth of 2800 mm and the thicknesses of the upper and lower flanges are variable. The lower flange is 1200 mm wide whereas the upper flange is 1000 mm wide. The two main girders have transverse bracing at abutments and at internal supports and at regular intervals in every span. The material of concrete slab is C35/45 and of steel members S355. The on-site pouring of the concrete slab segments is performed by casting them in a selected order and is done after the launching of the steel two girder bridge. The paper presents several concreting sequences and their influence on the normal stresses and deflections of the composite bridge girder.
Influence of Oxygen Pressure to Photocatalytic Oxidation of Phenol on CuO/TiO2
Authors: Orudzhev Farid F. , Gasanova F.G. , Isaev A.B. , Shabanov N.S.
Published: May 2016

The photocatalytic oxidation of phenol on the composite copper oxide (II) modified titania photocatalyst (CuO/TiO2) with sunlight irradiation at high oxygen pressure are studied. The photocatalyst characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), Surface area analysis, and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The composite photocatalyst based on the anatase includes 3% copper oxide (II). The CuO/TiO2 photocatalytic activity was investigated of phenol oxidation with sunlight irradiation at high oxygen pressure. The photocatalytic oxidation of phenol described Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation and calculated its parameters. With the increasing, the oxygen pressure the rate of phenol photocatalytic oxidation also increases. The quantum yield of the photocatalytic phenol oxidation at high oxygen pressure on the CuO/TiO2 composite photocatalyst are obtained.
Synthesis and Characterization of Tantalum Based Photocatalysts and Application for Methylene Blue Degradation
Authors: Patil Meghshyam K. , Bajaj Hari C. , Tayade Rajesh J.
Published: May 2016

Ta2O5, Ta2O5–SrO and Ta2O5–TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by hydrothermal method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet-visible Diffuse Reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) and Thermogravimetry (TGA). In synthesized series of TiO2-Ta2O5 catalysts, formation of anatase TiO2, hexagonal Ta2O5 and titanium tantalates were observed. For Ta2O5-SrO (Ta:Sr= 1:1) formation of mixed oxide and crystallinity was observed at calcinations temperature at 1100 °C (5hr). These synthesized catalysts were used for degradation study of methylene blue. The result demonstrated that the photocatalytic activity of the mixed oxides [Ta2O5-TiO2(1:1), Ta2O5-TiO2(2:1), Ta2O5-TiO2(1:2), Ta2O5-SrO (Ta:Sr= 1:1)] was higher than that of Ta2O5 alone.
Direct Sunlight Active Sm3+ Doped TiO2 Photocatalyst
Authors: Naufal Binu , Jaseela P.K. , Periyat Pradeepan
Published: May 2016

TiO2 and Sm3+ doped TiO2 nanocrystalline has been successfully synthesized by a modified sol-gel method. As synthesized samples of TiO2 and Sm3+ doped TiO2 were calcined at 300, 500, 700 and 800OC and characterized by various techniques such as XRD, UV/Vis Reflectance spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM-EDS and TEM. The crystallite size of Sm3+ doped TiO2 at all calcination temperature is lower than that of TiO2 due the doping Sm3+ ion and thereby induced more nanobehavior. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Ti-O and Ti-O-Ti bond in TiO2, in Sm3+ doped TiO2 along with Ti-O and Ti-O-Ti, the presence Sm-O and Ti-O-Sm bonds are confirmed. Diffuse reflectance spectra showed that the Sm3+ doped TiO2 have a significant shift to longer wavelengths and an extension of the absorption in the visible region compared to the TiO2. SEM images confirmed that the particles are agglomerated and the particle size was decreased in the Sm3+ doped TiO2 in comparison with the TiO2. EDS analysis showed the presence of Sm3+ ion present in the lattice of TiO2 in doped sample. Finally the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and Sm3+ doped TiO2 at various calcinations temperatures was investigated by the degradation of methylene blue solution under UV light and visible light. Doping with the samarium ions significantly enhanced the overall photocatalytic activity for MB degradation under both UV and visible light irradiation. The results showed that the Sm3+ doped TiO2 sample calcined at 700 OC shows the highest photocatalytic activity under UV light and visible light irradiation.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Indigo Carmine Dye Using Hydrothermally Synthesized Anatase TiO2 Nanotubes under Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diode Irradiation
Authors: Natarajan Kalithasan , Kureshy Rukshana I. , Bajaj Hari C. , Tayade Rajesh J.
Published: May 2016

Anatase TiO2 nanotubes (ATNT) was synthesised by hydrothermal method using anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (AT) as precursor and calcined at two different temperatures (250 & 450 °C) for 2 h. The AT and synthesized ATNT photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption measurements, UV-vis diffuse reflectance and Fourier Transform Infra-red spectroscopy techniques for their structural, textural and electronic properties. The photocatalytic degradation of Indigo carmine (IC) dye aqueous solution has carried out using ATNT-250 and ATNT-450 photocatalysts under UVLED irradiation. The kinetic analysis has also revealed that the degradation of IC dye solution follows first order kinetic model. The overall study demonstrates the appropriate band gap of the photocatalysts used and the suitable irradiation source which could accelerate the rate of photocatalytic degradation. The band gap of the synthesised ATNT is not much affected due to the change in morphology from nanoparticle to nanotube. The results demonstrated that the irradiation of UV-LED could be utilised for the degradation of organic dyes
Response Surface Methodology for Optimization and Modeling of Photo-Degradation of Alizarin Cyanine Green and Acid Orange 7 Dyes Using UV/TiO2 Process
Authors: Patel Ridham , Bhingradiya Tushar , Deshmukh Avinash , Gandhi Vimal
Published: May 2016

Textile and dyes industries are generating huge amount of waste water contains significant amount of dyes which are toxic and hazardous for the environment. Recently, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have considerable attention because it offers an attractive method for degradation of organic compounds and color from wastewater. The present work is focused on the heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of Alizarin Cyanine Green and Acid Orange 7 dye using UV/TiO2 process. The degradation of dyes is strongly dependent on the various operational parameters like initial concentration of dye, pH and loading of TiO2. The kinetics of degradation of dye in the solutions was found to pseudo first order kinetics. A statistical technique response surface methodology was employed to study the influence of various operational parameters on degradation efficiency. Three-factor-three-level Face Centered Design was used for design of experiments. For 100 mg/L concentration of Alizarin Cyanine Green and Acid Orange 7 dyes, the optimum parameters were found to be 1.2 gm/L and 1.4 gm/L TiO2 loading for maximum degradation of 97% and 65% respectively.
Synthesis of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles for Desalination Purposes
Authors: Metaxa E.D. , Berkesi K. , Musmarra D. , Mamalis Athanasios G. , Hristoforou Evangelos
Published: May 2016

The aim of this study is to describe the synthetic procedure of superparamagnetic nanoparticles of magnetite and maghemite and to use the magnetic merit of thesenano-sized ferrite particles coated byorganic substances having good water solubility to desalinate saline water. The idea derives from the experimental results of research groups using magnetic particles covered by polymers to increase the efficiency of membranes in forward osmosis desalination plants. The magnetic particles can beseparatedfrom water by an external magnet field easily.As magnetic particles, Fe3O4 can be prepared in different sizes from nanoto microscale by the help of co-precipitation or thermal decomposition techniques. These superparamagnetic nanoparticles are well-promising candidates for use in desalination purposes either from own or after their fabrication with polymer molecules, such as cyclodexrins, in their original form or in a modified one in order to enhance their water solubility, according to some preliminary experimental results found by our research team but not referred here. Herein, various inexpensive synthetic routes for superparamagnetic nanoparticles of magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite ( -Fe2O3) are described, as well as the characterization results of the produced nanoparticles with XRD, TEM, FT-IR, RAMAN, DFT and TGA/DTG analytical techniques are also referred.
Advanced Materials for Extreme Environment Aerospace Actuators
Authors: Papini Luca , Gerada Chris , Kampitsis Georgios E. , Kladas Antonios G.
Published: May 2016

In this paper the important impact of high temperature withstand on performance of electromagnetic actuators for aerospace applications is illustrated. Particular materials enabling high performance and increased reliability in such applications are analysed both through numerical simulations and experimental validation. Specific examples outline advancements in electrical machine technologies for this class of problems.
Development of the Two Pole Type Shaded Pole Self-Bearing Motor
Authors: Kurita Nobuyuki , Ishikawa Takeo , Suzuki Genri
Published: May 2016

In order to reduce the size and complexity of the driving circuit of the self-bearing motor, this paper proposes a magnetically levitated shaded pole induction motor. The rotor is still supported by magnetic force, but the motor has a very simple structure because magnetic levitation and rotation can be achieved with only one amplifier. The suspension force and rotational torque have been analyzed by FEM magnetic field analysis. A simple experimental setup using the rotor of a commercial shaded pole induction motor was designed and fabricated. Although it did not succeed in levitation control, the rotation control was successful in the situation where perpendicular and horizontal movement of the rotor were restricted.
Development of Actuator with Permanent Magnets Arranged in Halbach Array
Authors: Murakami Iwanori , Machida Seiji , Yamagami Tadashi , Ando Yoshinori
Published: May 2016

For robot making high-speed action like human, its actuator needs to be light and powerful. This study developed actuator with permanent magnet arranged in Halbach-array, and examined performance of this actuator by magnetic simulation. In result of experiment, it is proved that actuator exerts a force over 100N when the distance between ring type magnets is 11mm.
KERS Technology Coupled with Fuel Cell to Power City Bus with Solar-Hydrogen Energy Cycle
Authors: D'Ovidio Gino , Masciovecchio Carlo
Published: May 2016

Reported here the application and design of a hydrogen fuel cell hybridized with a kinetic energy recover system for powering a city bus based on in-wheel electric traction motors and on “zero emission” energy cycle.
A bus, with 25 passengers of carrying capacity, run over the European urban standard drive cycle with different road slopes is considered and simulated.
Powertrain components are measured for reducing the fuel consumption and for overcoming the use of chemical batteries for traction.
The energy balance between the traction consumption per a bus yearly travel and the electrical energy produced by photovoltaic devices used for hydrogen production by electrolysis is performed. The results are discussed also in terms of CO2 emissions.
Characteristics in the Opening and Closing Operations of Micro Magnetic Fluid Diaphragm Mechanism by Alternating Magnetic Field
Authors: Sudo Seiichi , Nakanishi Masato , Shinozaki Michihiro , Nishiyama Hideya
Published: May 2016

Response characteristics in the opening and closing operations of the micro magnetic fluid diaphragm mechanism by the alternating magnetic field are described. The micro magnetic fluid diaphragm mechanism was composed of a ring shaped permanent magnet and kerosene-based magnetic fluid. The driving principle of micro magnetic fluid device was based on the surface phenomena of magnetic fluid adsorbed on a permanent magnet. The opening and shutting time of diaphragm mechanism in the alternating magnetic field was measured by high-speed video camera system. The details of magnetic fluid surface response in the opening and closing operations of magnetic fluid hole were revealed experimentally.
Particular SRM Design Methodology Based on Similarity Theory, Scale Factors and FEM
Authors: Moschoudis Angelos P. , Tsekouras George J. , Kanellos Fotios D. , Kladas Antonios G.
Published: May 2016

This paper presents the design of geometrically similar switched reluctance machines based on similarity theory and scale factors techniques. The fundamental theory for the development of the proposed methodology is described. The proposed methodology is used for the design of a particular 21.6 W three phase 6/4 pole switched reluctance motor, which can be used as a special electrical machine (pump’s driving motor) in an artificial heart. In addition, a sensitivity analysis using FEM was performed in order to confirm the accuracy of the proposed method.
Experimental Investigation of the Response of Different PLL Algorithms to Grid Disturbances
Authors: Kampitsis Georgios E. , Tsoumanis Anastasis P. , Gallos Konstantinos C. , Papathanassiou Stavros A. , Manias Stefanos N.
Published: May 2016

In this paper, the performance of three different phase locked loop (PLL) algorithms is experimentally evaluated in a grid connected photovoltaic inverter. Robust PLL is a key requirement for ensuring system compatibility with existing grid codes. The double second order generalized integrator (DSOGI) and the decoupled double synchronous reference frame (DDSRF) PLL are compared against the conventional synchronous reference frame (SRF) PLL under grid disturbances. All synchronization algorithms are initially simulated in Matlab and subsequently transformed in discrete time for implementation in the digital controller. Grid distortions, such as phase voltage sags, frequency fluctuations and voltage harmonic distortion are emulated via a controllable three phase generator.
Effect of Tapered Metering Pin on Magnetorheological Fluid Subjected to Shock Loading
Authors: Shimizu Yuzo , Takagi Shintaro , Sawada Tatsuo
Published: May 2016

This study reports on effects of tapered metering pins on a magnetorheological (MR) fluid subjected to shock loading. Using four types of tapered metering pins, we conducted drop impact tests and qualitative analysis of effects of tapered pins on an MR fluid with a magnetic field applied around an orifice area. We measured the displacement of a piston and calculated velocity and acceleration from the measured displacement. The four different tapered pins changed a piston stroke to bring the impacting mass to rest. The results indicated that the shape of the pins has an effect on the entire process of shock absorption, whereas magnetic field strength has an effect on the post-peak behavior only. These results show that a tapered metering pin has applicability to a shock absorber using an MR fluid.
Comparative Analysis of the Thermal Stress of Si and SiC MOSFETs during Short Circuits
Authors: Kampitsis Georgios E. , Papathanassiou Stavros A. , Manias Stefanos N.
Published: May 2016

In this paper, the performance of silicon (Si) and silicon carbide (SiC) power MOSFETs during short circuits is investigated. The response of both semiconductors is examined under hard switch fault and fault under load conditions using a short circuit tester board. In addition, their failure mechanism is recorded and analyzed. Examination results show that the SiC MOSFET fails in the energy limiting mode, due to gate oxide rupture, while the Si MOSFET is destructed during the power limiting mode, at the beginning of the fault. The electro-thermal characterization of these devices is performed through three-dimensional finite element analysis, utilizing the experimentally extracted power dissipation for each transistor. Simulation results confirm the exceptional ruggedness that SiC power MOSFETs exhibit outside their safe operating area.
Brushless Exciter Based on Nanomaterials for 1 MVA HTSC Wind Power Alternator
Authors: Chubraeva Lidia , Evseev Evgeniy , Timofeyev Sergei , Turubanov Michail , Volkov Dimitry , Soleniy Sergei
Published: May 2016

The paper is devoted to testing of a brushless exciter intended for a 1 MVA high-temperature superconductive (HTSC) synchronous generator. It was decided to make a ambient-temperature version on the 1-st stage with a latter transaction to a cryogenically-cooled version. The exciter incorporates a number of nanomaterials: rare-earth Nd-Fe-B magnets and magnetic cores, manufactured of amorphous alloy tape.
Amorphous Alloy Cores for HTSC Electrical Devices
Authors: Chubraeva Lidia , Timofeyev Sergei , Volkov Dimitry
Published: May 2016

The paper describes results of testing of magnetic loss and saturation of magnetic system for superconductive electrical devices, manufactured of AMAG 225 AMAG 170 amorphous alloys produced by the Open Joint-Stock Company “Mstator”. Note that annealing of the cores was not carried out, since previous experience shows that annealing process makes steel crispy, and, furthermore, in case of thermal cycling, which occurs in cryogenic machines and devices, the destructive process is accelerating and results in the total destruction of amorphous tape. Manufacturing of the cores of different superconductive electrical devices requires testing with 2NSR, 5BDSR amorphous alloys, AMAG 200 nanocrystalline tape, (unannealed and annealed). The results of these investigations were published previously.
Constitutive Modeling of Near-Equiatomic NiTi Shape Memory Alloys Considering Composition and Heat Treatment
Authors: Cox Austin , Baxevanis Theocharis , Lagoudas Dimitris C.
Published: May 2016

A predictive microscale-informed model that takes into account the precipitate–shape memory performance relations and allows for the evaluation of the effective thermomechanical response of precipitated Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloys on the basis of composition and heat treatment is presented. The model considers the structural effect of the precipitates (coherency stresses due to the lattice mismatch between the precipitates and the matrix material and precipitate volume fraction), as well as the effect of the Ni-concentration gradient in the matrix, resulting from Ni-depletion during precipitate growth. The predictive capability of the model is tested against experimental data obtained fromNi50.7Ti (at. %) that has been heat treated under different conditions and good agreement is shown.
Monitoring Magnetic Nanoparticles in the Body
Authors: Ferraro Angelo , Mamalis Athanasios G. , Hristoforou Evangelos
Published: May 2016

In this paper we present a new method for the monitoring of super-paramagnetic nanoparticles (SPANs) in the body. Nowadays, reliable and inexpensive device and method for monitoring the spatial distribution of SPANs in the body are not present in the market of clinical imaging equipments. Importantly, since SPANs can be conjugated to a huge variety of organic (antibodies, proteins, synthetic polymers) and inorganic molecules they can be used to selectively detect targets (e.g. cancer cells) with striking specificity. The existing imaging methods used for clinical diagnostic purposes are the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and computerized axial tomography scan (CAT or CT scan). Detection of SPANs with these methods is still controversial and most import they used strong magnetic field and harmful X-ray radiation, respectively, and the cost for a single analysis is high as well. Herein we describe an innovative magnetic method promises the measurement of the distribution of SPANs with sensitivity quite better than 1 μm3. The method (patented device by our group) is based on magnetic excitation and consequent detection of nanoparticles using super-conducting or magnetic sensors (magnetometers). The device is innovative and novel, and could be considered as a universal breakthrough in tumor diagnosis. Possible other applications could be simultaneous killing of the cancer cells applying inductive heating techniques.
Behavior of both Nonmagnetic Particles and Magnetic Particles in Magnetic Compound Fluids in a Micro-Tube with Axial Flow under Rotating Magnetic Field
Authors: Ido Yasushi , Asakura Keisuke , Nishida Hitoshi
Published: May 2016

Behaviors of both micrometer-size nonmagnetic abrasive particles and micrometer-size magnetic particles in a magnetic fluid are investigated by using the discrete particle method which is based on the simplified Stokes dynamics. Sheet-like clusters of nonmagnetic particles and sheet-like clusters of magnetic particles alternately appear one after another in the axis direction when the flow velocity is small.
Experimental Anti-Inflammatory Drug Semapimod Inhibits TLR Signaling by Targeting the TLR Chaperone gp96
Authors: Wang Jin , Grishin Anatoly V. , Ford Henri R.
Published: May 2016

Semapimod, a tetravalent guanylhydrazone, suppresses inflammatory cytokine production and has potential in a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The mechanism of action of Semapimod is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that in rat IEC-6 intestinal epithelioid cells, Semapimod inhibits activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB and induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by TLR ligands, but not by IL-1β or stresses. Semapimod inhibits TLR4 signaling (IC50 ≈0.3 μmol) and acts by desensitizing cells to LPS; it fails to block responses to LPS concentrations of ≥5 μg/ml. Inhibition of TLR signaling by Semapimod is almost instantaneous: the drug is effective when applied simultaneously with LPS. Semapimod blocks cell-surface recruitment of the MyD88 adapter, one of the earliest events in TLR signaling. gp96, the endoplasmic reticulum–localized chaperone of the HSP90 family critically involved in the biogenesis of TLRs, was identified as a target of Semapimod using ATP-desthiobiotin pulldown and mass spectroscopy. Semapimod inhibits ATP-binding and ATPase activities of gp96 in vitro (IC50 ≈0.2–0.4 μmol). On prolonged exposure, Semapimod causes accumulation of TLR4 and TLR9 in perinuclear space, consistent with endoplasmic reticulum retention, an anticipated consequence of impaired gp96 chaperone function. Our data indicate that Semapimod desensitizes TLR signaling via its effect on the TLR chaperone gp96. Fast inhibition by Semapimod is consistent with gp96 participating in high-affinity sensing of TLR ligands in addition to its role as a TLR chaperone.
Correction of MFG-E8 Resolves Inflammation and Promotes Cutaneous Wound Healing in Diabetes
Authors: Das Amitava , Ghatak Subhadip , Sinha Mithun , Chaffee Scott , Ahmed Noha S. , Parinandi Narasimham L. , Wohleb Eric S. , Sheridan John F. , Sen Chandan K. , Roy Sashwati
Published: May 2016

Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor-factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a peripheral glycoprotein that acts as a bridging molecule between the macrophage and apoptotic cells, thus executing a pivotal role in the scavenging of apoptotic cells from affected tissue. We have previously reported that apoptotic cell clearance activity or efferocytosis is compromised in diabetic wound macrophages. In this work, we test the hypothesis that MFG-E8 helps resolve inflammation, supports angiogenesis, and accelerates wound closure. MFG-E8−/− mice displayed impaired efferocytosis associated with exaggerated inflammatory response, poor angiogenesis, and wound closure. Wound macrophage-derived MFG-E8 was recognized as a critical driver of wound angiogenesis. Transplantation of MFG-E8−/− bone marrow to MFG-E8+/+ mice resulted in impaired wound closure and compromised wound vascularization. In contrast, MFG-E8−/− mice that received wild-type bone marrow showed improved wound closure and improved wound vascularization. Hyperglycemia and exposure to advanced glycated end products inactivated MFG-E8, recognizing a key mechanism that complicates diabetic wound healing. Diabetic db/db mice suffered from impaired efferocytosis accompanied with persistent inflammation and slow wound closure. Topical recombinant MFG-E8 induced resolution of wound inflammation, improvements in angiogenesis, and acceleration of closure, upholding the potential of MFG-E8–directed therapeutics in diabetic wound care.
Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Regulates Dectin-2 Signaling and the Generation of Th2 and Th17 Immunity
Authors: Lee Min Jung , Yoshimoto Eri , Saijo Shinobu , Iwakura Yoichiro , Lin Xin , Katz Howard R. , Kanaoka Yoshihide , Barrett Nora A.
Published: May 2016

The C-type lectin receptor Dectin-2 can trigger the leukotriene C4 synthase–dependent generation of cysteinyl leukotrienes and the caspase-associated recruitment domain 9– and NF-κB–dependent generation of cytokines, such as IL-23, IL-6, and TNF-α, to promote Th2 and Th17 immunity, respectively. Dectin-2 activation also elicits the type 2 cytokine IL-33, but the mechanism by which Dectin-2 induces these diverse innate mediators is poorly understood. In this study, we identify a common upstream requirement for PI3Kδ activity for the generation of each Dectin-2–dependent mediator elicited by the house dust mite species, Dermatophagoides farinae, using both pharmacologic inhibition and small interfering RNA knockdown of PI3Kδ in bone marrow–derived dendritic cells. PI3Kδ activity depends on spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and regulates the activity of protein kinase Cδ, indicating that PI3Kδ is a proximal Syk-dependent signaling intermediate. Inhibition of PI3Kδ also reduces cysteinyl leukotrienes and cytokines elicited by Dectin-2 cross-linking, confirming the importance of this molecule in Dectin-2 signaling. Using an adoptive transfer model, we demonstrate that inhibition of PI3Kδ profoundly reduces the capacity of bone marrow–derived dendritic cells to sensitize recipient mice for Th2 and Th17 pulmonary inflammation in response to D. farinae. Furthermore, administration of a PI3Kδ inhibitor during the sensitization of wild-type mice prevents the generation of D. farinae–induced pulmonary inflammation. These results demonstrate that PI3Kδ regulates Dectin-2 signaling and its dendritic cell function.
MSX1 Modulates RLR-Mediated Innate Antiviral Signaling by Facilitating Assembly of TBK1-Associated Complexes
Authors: Chen Liu-Ting , Hu Ming-Ming , Xu Zhi-Sheng , Liu Yu , Shu Hong-Bing
Published: May 2016

Recognition of viral dsRNA by the retinoic acid–inducible gene-1–like receptors (RLRs) triggers signaling cascades that lead to activation of the TBK1 kinase and transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 3, induction of downstream antiviral genes, and innate antiviral responses. In this study, we identified muscle segment homeobox1 (MSX1) as an important modulator of RLR-mediated signaling pathways. Knockdown or knockout of MSX1 significantly impaired Sendai virus–triggered activation of TBK1 and IFN regulatory factor 3, induction of downstream antiviral genes, and cellular antiviral responses. Interestingly, MSX1 was translocated from the nucleus to cytoplasm, particularly mitochondria upon infection of Sendai virus. Biochemcially, MSX1 was important for assembly of TBK1/IKK-related kinase-associated protein 1/TNFR-associated factor-associated NF-κB activator complexes. Our results suggest that MSX1 is an important component of RLR-mediated signaling and reveal mechanisms on innate immune responses against RNA viruses.