bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nine time steps: ultra-fast statistical consistency testing of the
Community Earth System Model (pyCECT v3.0)
Authors: Milroy Daniel J. , Baker Allison H. , Hammerling Dorit M. , Jessup Elizabeth R.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The Community Earth System Model Ensemble Consistency Test (CESM-ECT) suite was developed as an alternative to requiring bitwise identical output for quality assurance. This objective test provides a statistical measurement of consistency between an accepted ensemble created by small initial temperature perturbations and a test set of CESM simulations. In this work, we extend the CESM-ECT suite by the addition of an inexpensive and robust test for ensemble consistency that is applied to Community Atmospheric Model (CAM) output after only nine model time steps. We demonstrate that adequate ensemble variability is achieved with instantaneous variable values at the ninth step, despite rapid perturbation growth and heterogeneous variable spread. We refer to this new test as the Ultra-Fast CAM Ensemble Consistency Test (UF-CAM-ECT) and demonstrate its effectiveness in practice, including its ability to detect small-scale events and its applicability to the Community Land Model (CLM). The new ultra-fast test facilitates CESM development, porting, and optimization efforts, particularly when used to complement information from the original CESM-ECT suite of tools.
Shelf–Basin interaction along the East Siberian Sea
Authors: Anderson Leif G. , Björk Göran , Holby Ola , Jutterström Sara , Mörth Carl Magnus , O'Regan Matt , Pearce Christof , Semiletov Igor , Stranne Christian , Stöven Tim , Tanhua Toste , Ulfsbo Adam , Jakobsson Martin
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Extensive biogeochemical transformation of organic matter takes place in the shallow continental shelf seas of Siberia. This, in combination with brine production from sea-ice formation, results in cold bottom waters with relatively high salinity and nutrient concentrations, as well as low oxygen and pH levels. Data from the SWERUS-C3 expedition with icebreaker Oden, from July to September 2014, show the distribution of such nutrient-rich, cold bottom waters along the continental margin from about 140 to 180° E. The water with maximum nutrient concentration, classically named the upper halocline, is absent over the Lomonosov Ridge at 140° E, while it appears in the Makarov Basin at 150° E and intensifies further eastwards. At the intercept between the Mendeleev Ridge and the East Siberian continental shelf slope, the nutrient maximum is still intense, but distributed across a larger depth interval. The nutrient-rich water is found here at salinities of up to ∼ 34.5, i.e. in the water classically named lower halocline. East of 170° E transient tracers show significantly less ventilated waters below about 150 m water depth. This likely results from a local isolation of waters over the Chukchi Abyssal Plain as the boundary current from the west is steered away from this area by the bathymetry of the Mendeleev Ridge. The water with salinities of ∼ 34.5 has high nutrients and low oxygen concentrations as well as low pH, typically indicating decay of organic matter. A deficit in nitrate relative to phosphate suggests that this process partly occurs under hypoxia. We conclude that the high nutrient water with salinity ∼ 34.5 are formed on the shelf slope in the Mendeleev Ridge region from interior basin water that is trapped for enough time to attain its signature through interaction with the sediment.
Brief communication: Changing mid-twentieth century Antarctic sea ice variability linked to tropical forcing
Authors: Turney Chris S.~M. , Klekociuk Andrew , Fogwill Christopher J. , Zunz Violette , Goosse Hugues , Parkinson Claire L. , Compo Gilbert , Lazzara Matthew , Keller Linda , Allan Rob , Palmer Jonathan G. , Clark Graeme , Marzinelli Ezequiel
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Satellite observations demonstrate Antarctic sea ice extent increased between late-1978 and 2015, with significant spatial and seasonal variability. Late spring retreat off George V Land is a major component of the observed increase, but the paucity of proxy records makes interpretation of trends (and impacts) challenging. Here Earth-system modelling and reanalysis demonstrate tropical Pacific warming can trigger an atmospheric Rossby wave response during the austral spring, delaying sea-ice retreat off George V Land. Our results provide new insights into the spatial and temporal role low latitudes play in Antarctic sea-ice production, drift and ocean circulation on decadal to centennial timescales.
GRADIENTES DE DOPING E DEFINIÇÕES DE FRONTEIRAS: DESAFIOS E CONTINGÊNCIAS NO ESPORTE DE ALTO RENDIMENTO
Authors: Manske George Saliba
Published: April 2017

Tendo em vista as condições contemporâneas de alteração das capacidades humanas no campo esportivo, este texto tem como objetivo discutir os limites e contingências envolvidas na definição e regulação do doping no esporte de alto rendimento. Articulando discussões acerca das possibilidades de otimização do desempenho físico-desportivo e dos registros provenientes da Agência Mundial Antidoping, estabelece-se uma discussão sobre os limiares de doping e as dificuldades impostas por tais condições na condução de seus processos regulatórios. Considera-se que há a necessidade de um debate amplo e revisional das políticas de doping contemporâneas, assim como, uma atenção permanente aos processos de transformações das capacidades humanas no tocante aos esportes de alto rendimento.
Analysis of the Potential for Sustainable Development Based Food Products to Support Tourism Fisheries and Economic Community in the Province of Bali
Authors: Marzuki Muhammad , Sunarpi Sunarpi , Amir Amiruddin , Ridwan Muhammad
Published: April 2017

This study aims to understand index value and the status of sustainability the potency advancement food products based on fisheries to support the program tourism the action plan for accelerated and expansion of economic development in the Bali Province. Analysis index and sustainability management status food products based on fisheries (existing condition) every dimension do with this multidimensional approach scaling (MDS) to technique ordinary modified from the program raffish. The results of the analysis multi-deme si about the status of sustainability the development of food products based on fisheries Earth Easth Nusa province showing that the index continued to the development of food products based on fisheries 51,70 status of the show ”Sustainable Enough”. The development of food products based on fisheries to ensure that tourism and economic community in the Bali necessary policy interventions with the order priority in the economic dimension index value 42.29, technology index value 50.09, and social dimension index value 58,05. Policy interventions can be implemented towards indicator own value leverage high to can increase index value and status sustainability on each dimension.
Fabrication and Characterization of Indium Tin Oxide Films
Authors: Her Shiuh-Chuan , Chang Chun-Fu
Published: April 2017

Background

Transparent conducting oxide (TCO) films are of particular interest in the field of optoelectronics, due to the requirement for transparent electrodes in applications such as organic light-emitting diodes, solar cells and so on. The aim of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the effects of preparation temperature on indium tin oxide (ITO) films, to improve their performance for optoelectronic applications.

Methods

ITO films were deposited on glass substrate at different temperatures, using direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. The influence of substrate temperature on the microstructure and electrical and optical properties was studied. The surface topography and microstructure of the films were analyzed by atomic force microscopy. The electrical resistivity and optical transmittance of the films were measured using the Hall effect measurement and spectrometer, respectively.

Results

The results showed that both the surface roughness and film thickness increased as the substrate temperature increased. Transmittance increased from 78% to 80% in the visible wavelength region, while resistivity decreased from 6.05 × 10−4 to 3.27 × 10−4 Ω-cm as the substrate temperature increased from 25°C to 275°C.

Conclusions

High-quality ITO films with low resistivity and high transmittance can be achieved by increasing the deposition temperature.
Cloaked in Invisibility: Dropout-Recovery Narratives of Girls of Color after Re-enrollment
Authors: Hines-Datiri Dorothy
Published: April 2017

There is limited research that explores the dropout and re-enrollment experiences of girls of color in urban schools despite these students having higher rates of early school withdrawal than their racial counterparts. Girls of color that dropout often have to navigate racial and gender stereotypes within a larger heteronormative system of oppression that challenges their identity as young women. Drawing from Role-Identity and Social Stress Theory, this qualitative study examined the intersection of race, gender, and space in structuring how female students of color negotiated their status as former “dropouts” to returners. Their narratives illustrate how dropout stigmas of girls of color are mediated by the context in which they experienced racial microstressors, and how they negotiated parent relationships in their pursuit of a high school diploma.
Intravascular large B cell lymphoma limited in renal glomaruli: A case presented as nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Cao Yingxue , Sun Zhuxing , Wang Liang , Hua Jia , Liu Shaojun , Hao Chuan-Ming
Published: April 2017

Intravascular large B cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, characterized by selective proliferation of B cells within the lumens of small vessels. We report a case of IVLBCL with the invaded B cells limited in the lumen of glomerular capillary loops. The patient presented with nephrotic syndrome. Histological examination of renal biopsy specimens showed infiltration of neoplastic cells limited in glomerular capillary loops, accompanied by diffuse foot process effacement only in those capillary loops with the infiltrative cells. Immunohistochemistry shows that the infiltrative cells were positive for bcl-2, bcl-6, CD20, MUM1 and ki-67, consistent with atypical cells deriving from B cells. Unfortunately, the patient refused the further treatment and died soon after the diagnosis.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Physics Research, Vol. 9, No. 2
Authors: Green Lily
Published: April 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Physics Research, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2017
Six Sigma Methodology: Is It a Success Factor for Companies?
Authors: Silva Wendel Alex Castro , Neves Luciano de Oliveira Fuscaldi , Santos Andréia de Oliveira
Published: April 2017

This paper presents an analysis of the economic performance and profitability of companies using the Six Sigma methodology. Of the 425 Brazilian companies currently on the open market, 93 use Six Sigma. The companies were first categorised by their sectors, according to how they are classified on the capital market, and then, by their size according to the Brazilian Development Bank. The results in recent years (2011–2013) of companies that use Six Sigma were compared to the results of those that do not, based on a statistical inference test of the differences between the two populations, with unknown standard deviations and a confidence interval established at the 95% level. The findings show that, in nine sectors, the Six Sigma methodology contributes to the optimisation of processes and economic performance.
The Relative Efficacy of Thermal and Acidification Stresses on the Survival of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria Monocytogenes in Ground Beef
Authors: Biswas Sagor , Pandey Pramod
Published: April 2017

To provide additional insights on pathogen survival, we evaluated the relative efficacy of acidification (pH 2.7), thermophilic treatment (55 °C), and low temperature pasteurization (68 °C) on the inactivation of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes in ground beef. A series of experiment was conducted under biosafety level 3 environments for assessing the impacts of heat and low pH on pathogen survival. Results showed that 5-log reductions of E. coli O157:H7 could take more than 2640 min at 55 °C, 134 min at 68 °C and 120 min under pH 2.7. Compared to E. coli O157:H7, the 5-log reduction of Salmonella was obtained in 4836, 126, 86 min at 55 °C, 68 °C, and pH 2.7, respectively. The 5-log reduction of Listeria was achieved in 4704, 200, and 115 min under 55 °C, 68 °C, and pH 2.7, respectively. The results of this study will provide additional insights for developing improved methods for controlling pathogens in ground beef.
Orígens i destins de la immigració francesa a l’àrea de Barcelona (1481-1643). Aportacions a partir de la Barcelona Historical Marriage Database
Authors: Amengual-Bibiloni Miquel , Pujadas-Mora Joana Maria
Published: April 2017

La immigració francesa a la Catalunya moderna ha estat considerada un factor clau en la superació de la crisi poblacional baixmedieval, però recentment el seu cabal ha estat qüestionat. La manca d’estudis que cobreixin un territori vast i diversificat podria impedir-ne una imatge completa. L’objectiu d’aquest treball és atorgar al fenomen una visió de conjunt al llarg d’un ampli període cronològic, des del bisbat d’origen fins a la parròquia d’assentament a l’àrea de Barcelona. L’estudi s’ha realitzat a partir d’una font de renom però mai utilitzada en profunditat en investigacions d’aquest tipus: els llibres d’esposalles de la catedral de Barcelona que es conserven a partir de 1451 i que han servit per a la construcció de la Barcelona Historical Marriage Database. Una completa anàlisi descriptiva ens ha permès fer retrocedir el límit cronològic fins a la segona meitat del segle XV, així com cartografiar d’on venien i on s’assentaven els francesos i destacar importants diferències entre litoral i interior i una gran incidència al delta del Llobregat.
Vejados por el diablo. Los límites de las experiencias ascéticas en época postridentina a través de la experiencia de los carmelitas descalzos de la provincia de San Joaquín
Authors: Rico Callado Francisco Luis
Published: April 2017

La influencia que el diablo ejerció en las trayectorias de los religiosos y las religiosas de la época postridentina se evidencia tanto en sus escritos como en las hagiografías que protagonizaron. Los ataques demoníacos alcanzaron una violencia inusitada en el caso de las religiosas del convento de Corella, quienes fueron imputadas por molinosismo y condenadas por la Inquisición. Pese a que dichos fenómenos se desviaron claramente de los que se describieron en las obras de mística y dirección espiritual de la época, algunos carmelitas consideraron que eran formas de purgación de los sentidos y, por tanto, facilitaban el perfeccionamiento espiritual de sus discípulas. El estudio de los escritos de estos religiosos permite establecer la existencia de un itinerario de perfeccionamiento poco común que gozó de una cierta repercusión no solo entre los carmelitas de la provincia carmelita de San Joaquín sino, incluso, en otras órdenes. Esta cuestión se estudia desde diferentes perspectivas, tanto teológicas como históricas, y se relaciona con el contexto de la época y, particularmente, con la lucha contra el molinosismo.
Consumo Adolescente: Construindo a Identidade de Jovens Brasileiras.
Authors: Carvalho Andrya Verena Silva Rosa de , Queiroz Larissa Soares de , Bergamo Fábio Vinicius De Macedo
Published: April 2017

O estudo objetiva compreender a construo da identidade em brasileiras de 12 a 17 anos tomando como pressuposto a influncia do consumo sob tal fenmeno. A abordagem terica retrata aspectos da identidade individual e coletiva e refere-se a cultura de consumo nos preceitos da Consumer Culture Theory CCT, como disposta por Arnould Thompson (2005), dentre outros estudos. Com mtodo qualitativo, a pesquisa utilizou-se da ferramenta Grupos de Foco em uma amostra de 33 informantes de classes sociais variadas, regionalizadas em 13 estados brasileiros e dentro da faixa etria determinada. O estudo identificou particularidades de consumo deste pblico, segmentando os resultados em trs dimenses: Psicossocial, Comportamental e Cultural. Os principais influenciadores encontrados a partir dos depoimentos das informantes foram divididos em: Classe Social, Famlia, Grupos de Pares, Mdia e Instituies de Ensino como aspectos relevantes da cultura de consumo das adolescentes e consequentemente na construo de sua identidade.
A solidão na cibercultura e o discurso do consumo consciente: um estudo da campanha “#usarbempegabem” da vivo
Authors: Morato Rafael Dos Santos , Arcoverde Mariana Torreao Brito , Leal Maria Virgínia
Published: April 2017

O artigo se prope a refletir sobre o discurso da empresa de telefonia Vivo na campanha publicitria #UsarBemPegaBem, que faz um apelo ao pblico a favor do uso consciente da internet em celulares e demais aparelhos eletrnicos. Embora configure uma aparente contradio o fato de que uma companhia que obtm seus lucros atravs da internet mvel advogue o seu uso moderado, buscamos imergir nos fatores que representariam a possvel fundamentao desse discurso, como a hodierna solido na cibercultura, a superficialidade das representaes no ciberespao e outras provveis causalidades. Ademais, pincelamos brevemente a questo da Responsabilidade Social Empresarial e sua influncia no discurso organizacional. Levando em conta o ethos enunciativo nos termos propostos por Maingueneau, propusemos uma anlise dos vdeos institucionais da empresa, a fim de identificar a mudana no tom e indagar sobre a imagem enfim alcanada pela Vivo atravs das peas flmicas e frmulas propagandsticas produzidas sob a rubrica #PegaBem.
Comportamento do consumidor da Comunidade de Marca Harley-Davidson e a influência do self-expandido
Authors: Santos Edna De Souza Machado , Silva Dirceu Da , Braga Junior Sérgio Silva , Do Nascimento Carlos Alberto Xavier
Published: April 2017

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo avaliar a influncia das atitudes e desejos sobre self-expandido e este sobre o comportamento do consumidor na comunidade de marca Harley-Davidson. A relevncia deste estudo aponta para o fato de que as comunidades de marca representam papel fundamental de estudo para a rea de marketing no Brasil, pois oferecem condies para se investigar e compreender, com mais profundidade, aspectos relacionados ao comportamento do consumidor, a compreenso sobre a influncia e o tipo de cultura que o consumidor brasileiro recebe no que se refere Brand equity (ATKIN, 2007; YOO DONTHU, 2001; AAKER, 1998). O corpus da pesquisa contou com uma survey com 193 participantes de comunidades de marca. A abordagem metodolgica utilizada foi quantitativa com a utilizao do SmartPLS para anlise dos dados. Os resultados obtidos mostram que as relaes intergrupais, no que tange s atitudes, desejos e emoes positivas, so sentimentos compartilhados e que ampliam o desejo em participar das atividades dessa comunidade de marca, o que culmina com a expanso do self do participante da comunidade Harley-Davidson, pelo comportamento de grupo (pertencimento), pela interao social (envolvimento), identidade social e comportamento com a marca.
Comorbidity in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Lung Cancer. Do We Have an Adequate Tool to Assess It?
Authors: Lembicz Marta , Gabryel Piotr , Brajer-Luftmann Beata , Dyszkiewicz Wojciech , Batura-Gabryel Halina
Published: April 2017

Introduction: In the recent years comorbidity has been discussed as a factor affecting therapeutic decisions, the course of treatment, and prognosis of patients with lung cancer. The aim of the study was 1. to evaluate the occurrence of comorbidities in patients with lung cancer undergoing surgery, and 2. to investigate the utility of Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Simplified Comorbidity Score (SCS) for preoperative evaluation of Polish patients with lung cancer. Material and methods: The retrospective study included 476 patients with lung cancer, who underwent surgical treatment. In all patients, data on histopathological type of the tumor, stage, history of smoking, comorbidities, and spirometric parameters were collected. CCI and SCS scores were calculated. The presence of comorbidities was analyzed in relation to sex, histology, and stage of lung cancer. Correlations between CCI and SCS scores and age, number of pack-years, spirometric parameters were assessed. Results: The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (42%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (22%), coronary heart disease (17%), and diabetes (12%). There were no differences in the distribution of comorbidity depending on the histological type and stage of lung cancer. The CCI and SCS scores showed correlations with age, number of pack-years and spirometric parameters, however, their compounds do not reflect the profile of most prevalent comoribidities. Conclusion: The burden of comorbidity among patients with lung cancer is significant. Comorbidity should be assessed while considering patients for surgical treatment. However, the CCI and SCS do not seem precise enough for this purpose.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC RESULTS OF MAIZE
CULTIVATED FOR DRY AND WET GRAIN
Authors: Czułowska Magdalena
Published: April 2017

The aim of the study was to evaluate the profitability of maize cultivated for dry and wet grain. Results were presented
as groups due to location in the agricultural regions of Poland and on average for whole survey sample. For economic
evaluation of the efficiency of production indicator of direct profitability was used. Studies showed that on average in the
survey sample for both the 2012 and 2015 years the higher value of gross margin without subsidies obtained on farms
cultivating maize for grain dry. But the group of farms growing maize for wet grain was characterized by higher level of
direct profitability. The results of gross margin calculation also showed differences in economic performance of farms
cultivated maize in selected agricultural regions of Poland. Best results from maize cultivated for dry grain were obtained
by farmers from the region Pomorze i Mazury and for maize cultivated for wet grain from Małopolska i Pogórze.
IDEA OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE OPINIONS
AND ATTITUDES OF FARMERS
Authors: Dacko Mariusz , Płonka Aleksandra
Published: April 2017

The main aim of research was to assess the state of knowledge, opinions and attitudes of society towards the idea of sustainable
development. Special attention was paid on a group of 39 farmers whose answers referred to the answers given by representatives
of other professional groups. It examined how society understands the idea of sustainable development, of whether trying to
apply it in everyday life and how sees the balance of development at different levels of aggregation. The main research tool was
a questionnaire, which examined 214 respondents. The obtained results of research confirmed the authors’ assumption that the
need of sustainability is deeply rooted among both farmers and society as a whole. However, the vast majority of respondents
encountered in everyday life with sustainable development very rarely or not at all. Despite this, farmers and representatives
of other professional groups rightly see themselves and the institutions of government and public administration as the main
implementers of the rules of sustainable development.
FOOD SAFETY POLICY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF AUSTRIAN SCHOOL
OF ECONOMICS
Authors: Maśniak Jacek
Published: April 2017

The aim of the article is the economic evaluation of the effects of food safety policy in the light of
the Austrian school of economics theories. Food safety policy imposes stringent requirements for food
production and consumption, what deprives the food of natural character. This kind of policy ignores the
diversified consumers needs. Sanitary, veterinary and technical requirements limit the possibilities of the
food production by fragmented farms. The function of food producers takes concentrated food industry.
The transfer of added value from agriculture to industry and commerce occurs.
DIFFERENTIATION OF THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN AGRICULTURE
FINANCED BY THE CAP AS A FACTOR OF MULTI-FUNCTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL AREAS – EXAMPLE
OF THE KUYAVIAN-POMERANIAN PROVINCE
Authors: Rudnicki Roman , Dubownik Anna
Published: April 2017

The aim of this article is to present the spatial differentiation of CAP funds directed to farms of Kuyavian-
Pomeranian region in order to increase the level of their non-agricultural economic activity in the years 2003-2014.
The analysis were focused to assess the impact of EU funds for multifunctional development of agriculture and rural
areas. The indicators were used to illustrate the share of realized applications in the overall numbers of farms and
households with income from non-agricultural activities. It has been shown that the higher level of indicators where
in the municipalities of less urbanized areas, which should be considered as positive. Also, it has been demonstrated
that the indicators were higher in municipalities with more favorable conditions for agricultural development, which
must be regarded as potentially negative.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF COMMUNES
OF THE LUBLIN PROVINCE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT
OF RURAL AREAS
Authors: Kobiałka Anna , Kubik Renata
Published: April 2017

The aim of the study was to assess the efficiency of investment activity in the communes of Lubelskie province compared
to the others in Poland. The inputs and effects of investment activity of rural and urban-rural communes in 2011-2014 were
compared. The study used a nonparametric method of technical efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The ranking of
investment activity for communes were made based of the calculated average for indicators of efficiency. First place received
two provinces: Lubelskie and Mazowieckie. Rural and urban-rural communes of this provinces were fully effective throughout
the considered period. They represent a model of efficient use of resources for investment activity.
Implementation of Whole Slide Imaging for Clinical Purposes: Issues to Consider From the Perspective of Early Adopters
Authors: Evans Andrew J. , Salama Mohamed E. , Henricks Walter H. , Pantanowitz Liron
Published: April 2017

Context.—

There is growing interest in the use of digital pathology, especially whole slide imaging, for diagnostic purposes. Many issues need to be considered when incorporating this technology into a clinical laboratory. The College of American Pathologists (CAP) established a Digital Pathology Committee to support the development of CAP programs related to digital pathology. One of its many initiatives was a panel discussion entitled “Implementing Whole-Slide Imaging for Clinical Use: What to Do and What to Avoid,” given for 3 years at the CAP annual meetings starting in 2014.

Objectives.—

To review major issues to consider when implementing whole slide imaging for clinical purposes as covered during the panel discussion.

Design.—

The views expressed and recommendations given are based primarily on the personal experience of the authors as early adopters of this technology. It is not intended to be an exhaustive review of digital pathology.

Results.—

Implementation is best approached in phases. Early efforts are directed toward identifying initial clinical applications and assembling an implementation team. Scanner selection should be based on intended use and budget. Recognizing pathologist concerns over the use of digital pathology for diagnostic purposes, ensuring adequate training, and performing appropriate validation studies will enhance adoption. Once implemented, the transition period from glass slide to image-based diagnostics will be associated with challenges, especially those related to a hybrid glass slide–digital slide workflow.

Conclusions.—

With appropriate preparation, planning, and stepwise implementation, whole slide imaging can be used safely and reliably for frozen sections, consultation, quality assurance, and primary diagnosis.
Testicular cancer in two brothers of a quadruplet: a case report and a review of literature
Authors: Ulytė Agnė , Ulys Albertas , Sužiedėlis Kęstutis , Patašius Aušvydas , Smailytė Giedrė
Published: April 2017

Introduction. Testicular cancer and a multiple birth are both rare events, and the risk of testicular cancer is increased in twins. In Lithuania, only five quadruplets have been recorded since the middle of the 20th century. In this report, we present two rare events in one family: testicular cancer in two brothers of a quadruplet (three brothers and a sister).
Case description. Both patients were diagnosed at 21 years of age and died within two years from the  diagnosis despite treatment. The  third symptomless brother did not have testicular pathology. We also review the  risk factors associated with testicular cancer, and the  proposed hypotheses how a multiple birth results in an increased risk. The most consistent risk factors for testicular cancer are cryptorchidism, prior history of testicular cancer, and a positive familial history. According to different studies, the risk of testicular cancer in twins is higher from 22% to 30%, compared to the general population.
Conclusions. To our knowledge, we have presented the first case of testicular teratoblastoma in brothers of a quadruplet.
The Driver Behaviour and Impact of Speed on Road Safety on the Motorways in Croatia
Authors: Zovak Goran , Kos Goran , Huzjan Boris
Published: April 2017

The paper presents the current research related to the speed of traffic flow on the roads of high serviceability. It analyses the speed of vehicle as one of the main causes of traffic accidents. A flat four-lane motorway section, motorway section in the tunnel and a city bypass section were chosen for this research, and several speed limit scenarios for the vehicles have been applied with the aid of variable signalling. The survey results show that few vehicles respect the speed limits in traffic in the case of a straight section of motorway or city stretch of the motorway which has good geometric elements; however, speed limits are exceptionally well respected in tunnels. Although a large number of drivers do not respect the signs, a certain group of drivers can be influenced by variable signs of limitations, and thus positive changes can be achieved in traffic flow which will result in increasing the traffic safety on the motorways. Thus, increasing the degree of respect for speed limits on the motorways directly affects the increase in the level of traffic safety. It is necessary to influence the group of drivers who do not respect the speed limits with other measures, including repressive ones.
ETCS On-board Unit Safety Testing: Saboteurs, Testing Strategy and Results
Authors: Valdivia Leonardo Jesus , Solas Gonzalo , Añorga Javier , Arrizabalaga Saioa , Adin Iñigo , Mendizabal Jaizki
Published: April 2017

It is necessary to verify the faults tolerance of the European Train Control System (ETCS) on-board unit even if these faults are uncommon. Traditional test methods defined and used in ETCS do not allow to check this, so it is necessary to develop a new mechanism of tests. This paper presents the design and implementation of a saboteur applied to the railway sector. The main purpose of the saboteur is the fault injection in the communication interfaces. By means of a virtual laboratory it is possible to simulate actual train journeys to test the ETCS on-board unit. Making use of the saboteurs and the virtual laboratory it is possible to analyse the behaviour of the train in the presence of unexpected faults, and to verify that the decisions taken are correct to ensure the required safety level. Therefore, this work shows a testing strategy based on different kinds of train journeys when faults are injected, and the analysis of the results.
Comparison of External Costs in Multimodal Container Transport Chain
Authors: Kos Serđo , Vukić Luka , Brčić David
Published: April 2017

The proposed paper discusses multimodal container transport due to savings in external costs. Relevant data have been analysed by reviewing previous research and published works for making a synthesis of one’s own conclusions. The research findings showed that there is no significant difference in the share of external costs of container transport and transport of other types of cargo in great European seaports as well as in energy consumption of multimodal rail-inland ship container transport and the same transport mode of bulk cargo. Intermodal terminals have also their own external costs. In spite of a double railway operational cost, it is important to include the railway in the intermodal terminal. The inland waterway transport has much higher external costs than sea transport. Multimodal container transport does not necessarily lower external costs. The savings are more common if the location and type of intermodal terminal are selected properly, and the sea transportation is involved in the multimodal transport chain.
A proposed novel framework for monitoring and evaluation of the cascade of HIV‐associated TB care at the health facility level
Authors: Hanrahan Colleen F. , van Rie Annelies
Published: April 2017

Introduction: The rapid and accurate diagnosis of HIV‐associated tuberculosis (TB), timely initiation of curative or preventative treatment and assurance of favourable treatment outcomes is a complex process. The current system of monitoring and reporting TB diagnosis and treatment does not include several key aspects of the care cascade, and may obscure systematic bottlenecks, inefficiencies or sources of sub‐optimal care.

Methods: We critically reviewed the current World Health Organizations recommended system of monitoring and reporting, and identified the following key deficiencies that could limit the ability of healthcare workers to identify structural problems in the provision of TB/HIV care.

Results: We identified the following key deficiencies in the current monitoring and evaluation system: (1) an emphasis on national‐level reporting and programmatic analysis results in a loss of granularity; (2) the absence of a general framework to anchor indicators in relation to one another as well as the overall goals for TB/HIV collaborative activities; (3) de‐linking of TB treatment indicators from those for screening and diagnosis; (4) few indicators are tied to suggested times for completion of an activity. We defined three distinct stages comprising the cascade of HIV‐associated TB diagnosis and treatment: (1) Screening & Diagnosis, (2) Treatment and (3) Preventive Therapy. We detailed major steps within each stage, described potential sources of variability, and proposed data elements, process indicators, main outcomes, and retention calculations for each stage.

Conclusions: This proposed framework of monitoring is novel in its focus on a cohort experience through the entire scope of the care cascade from screening and TB diagnosis through curative or preventive treatment. This approach can be applied to all settings at clinic, district or national level, and used to identify crucial areas for improvement in order to maximize health outcomes for all those affected by the dual epidemics of TB and HIV.
Glacial allopatry vs. postglacial parapatry and peripatry: the case of hedgehogs
Authors: Černa Bolfíková Barbora , Eliášová Kristýna , Loudová Miroslava , Kryštufek Boris , Lymberakis Petros , Sándor Attila D. , Hulva Pavel
Published: April 2017

Although hedgehogs are well-known examples of postglacial recolonisation, the specific processes that shape their population structures have not been examined by detailed sampling and fast-evolving genetic markers in combination with model based clustering methods. This study aims to analyse the impacts of isolation within glacial refugia and of postglacial expansion on the population structure of the Northern White-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus). It also discusses the role of the processes at edges of species distribution in its evolutionary history. The maternally inherited mitochondrial control region and the bi-parentally inherited nuclear microsatellites were used to examine samples within the Central Europe, Balkan Peninsula and adjacent islands. Bayesian coalescent inference and neutrality tests proposed a recent increase in the population size. The most pronounced pattern of population structure involved differentiation of the insular populations in the Mediterranean Sea and the population within the contact zone withE. europaeusin Central Europe. An interspecies hybrid was detected for the first time in Central Europe. A low genetic diversity was observed in Crete, while the highest genetic distances among individuals were found in Romania. The recent population in the post-refugial area related to the Balkan Peninsula shows a complex pattern with pronounced subpopulations located mainly in the Pannonian Basin and at the Adriatic and Pontic coasts. Detailed analyses indicate that parapatry and peripatry may not be the only factors that limit range expansion, but also strong microevolutionary forces that may change the genetic structure of the species. Here we present evidence showing that population differentiation may occur not only during the glacial restriction of the range into the refugia, but also during the interglacial range expansion. Population differentiation at the Balkan Peninsula and adjacent regions could be ascribed to diversification in steppe/forest biomes and complicated geomorphology, including pronounced geographic barriers as Carpathians.
Analysis of thein plantatranscriptome expressed by the corn pathogenPantoea stewartiisubsp.stewartiivia RNA-Seq
Authors: Packard Holly , Kernell Burke Alison , Jensen Roderick V. , Stevens Ann M.
Published: April 2017

Pantoea stewartiisubsp.stewartiiis a bacterial phytopathogen that causes Stewart’s wilt disease in corn. It uses quorum sensing to regulate expression of some genes involved in virulence in a cell density-dependent manner as the bacterial population grows from small numbers at the initial infection site in the leaf apoplast to high cell numbers in the xylem where it forms a biofilm. There are also other genes important for pathogenesis not under quorum-sensing control such as a Type III secretion system. The purpose of this study was to compare gene expression during anin plantainfection versus either a pre-inoculumin vitroliquid culture or anin vitroagar plate culture to identify genes specifically expressedin plantathat may also be important for colonization and/or virulence. RNA was purified from each sample type to determine the transcriptome via RNA-Seq using Illumina sequencing of cDNA. Fold gene expression changes in thein plantadata set in comparison to the twoin vitrogrown samples were determined and a list of the most differentially expressed genes was generated to elucidate genes important for plant association. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate expression patterns for a select subset of genes. Analysis of the transcriptome data via gene ontology revealed that bacterial transporters and systems important for oxidation reduction processes appear to play a critical role forP. stewartiias it colonizes and causes wilt disease in corn plants.
Octahedral ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes as antimicrobial agents against mycobacterium
Authors: Liao Guojian , Ye Zhengyuan , Liu Yunlu , Fu Bin , Fu Chen
Published: April 2017

Tuberculosis is one of the world’s deadliest infectious disease with 1.5 millions deaths annually. It is imperative to discover novel compounds with potent activity against M. tuberculosis. In this study, susceptibilities of M. smegmatis to the octahedral ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes, 1 {[(bpy)3Ru] (PF6)2 (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine)}, 2 {[(phen)2Ru(dppz)](PF6)2 (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, dppz = dipyridophenazine)} and 3 {[(phen)3Ru](PF6)2} were measured by broth microdilution and reported as the MIC values. Toxicities of complex 3 to LO2 and hepG2 cell lines were also measured. Complex 2 inhibited the growth of M. smegmatis with MIC value of 2 µg/mL, while complex 3 was bactericidal with MIC value of 26 µg/mL. Furthermore, the bactericidal activity of complex 3 was dependent on reactive oxygen species production. Complex 3 showed no cytotoxicity against LO2 and hepG2 cell lines at concentration as high as 64 µg/mL, paving the way for further optimization and development as a novel antibacterial agent for the treatment of M. tuberculosis infection.
Socioeconomic Status and Major Adverse Transplant Events in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients
Authors: Hartje-Dunn Christina , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Bastardi Heather , Daly Kevin P. , Blume Elizabeth D. , Singh Tajinder P.
Published: October 2024

Importance

Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with higher risk of rejection and graft loss in pediatric heart transplant (HT) recipients. The association of SES with other posttransplant morbidities is unknown.

Objective

To assess whether low SES is associated with higher risk of a major adverse transplant event (MATE) among pediatric HT recipients.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Retrospective single-center cohort study at a children’s hospital in Boston with consecutive primary HT recipients from 2006 to 2019 and follow-up through 2022. Data were analyzed from June 2023 to March 2024.

Exposure

Very low or low, moderate, and high or very high Childhood Opportunity Index (COI) for neighborhood (census tract) of patient residence.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcome was 3-year MATE-6 score assessed in 6-month survivors as cumulative burden of acute cellular rejection, antibody-mediated rejection, coronary vasculopathy, lymphoproliferative disease, kidney dysfunction, and infection, each as an ordinal score from 0 to 4 (24 for death or retransplant). Secondary outcomes were freedom from rejection during first 6 months, freedom from death or retransplant, MATE-3 score for events 1 to 3 (under immune suppression) and events 4 to 6 (chronic immune suppression effects), and each MATE component.

Results

Of 153 children analyzed, the median (IQR) age at HT was 7.2 (1.5-14.8) years, 99 (65%) were male, 16 (10%) were Black, 17 (11%) were Hispanic, and 106 (69%) were White. Fifty patients (33%) lived in very low or low, 17 (11%) in moderate, and 86 (56%) in high or very high COI neighborhoods. There was no significant group difference in mean (SD) 3-year MATE-6 score (very low or low COI, 3.4 [6.5]; moderate COI, 2.4 [6.3]; and high or very high COI, 4.0 [6.9]). Furthermore, there was no group difference in mean (SD) MATE-3 scores for underimmune suppression (very low or low COI, 1.9 [3.5]; moderate COI, 1.2 [3.2]; and high or very high COI, 2.2 [3.6]), chronic immune suppression effects (very low or low COI, 1.6 [3.3]; moderate COI, 1.1 [3.2]; and high or very high COI, 1.8 [3.6]), individual MATE components, rejection during the first 6 months, or death or retransplant.

Conclusions and relevance

In this cohort study of pediatric HT recipients, there was no difference in posttransplant outcomes among recipients stratified by SES, a notable improvement from prior studies. These findings may be explained by state-level health reform, standardized posttransplant care, and early awareness of outcome disparities.
Self‐Adjuvanting Bacteria Hydrogel for SHP1 Checkpoint Inhibition in Tumor‐Draining Lymph Nodes to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Pan Xiuhua , Liu Feiyang , Kang Ruixin , Hu Zongwei , Pang Yueru , Shen Ziqi , Zhou Xiawei , Zhang Jun , Shen Qi
Published: October 2024

Despite recent advances in immunotherapy, its efficacy remains constrained by the absence of immune coordination. Especially, the interplay between tumor‐draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) and tumors is frequently disregarded. Here, a self‐adjuvanting hydrogel capable of eliciting a powerful and sustained immune response is developed. Briefly, the engineered arabinose response bacteria (ARB) expressing IL‐15 and mannose‐modified hollow mesoporous Prussian blue nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with vitamin E (Man/HMPB(VE), MHV) are mixed with arabinose hydrogel (AraGel), forming the system designated as AraGel@ARB/MHV (AAM). Employing mild photothermal therapy mediated by MHV, immunogenic cell death (ICD) triggers the release of tumor‐associated antigens. Subsequently, Man‐modified NPs target TDLNs and release VE, which suppresses the checkpoint Src homology region 2 domain‐containing phosphatase‐1 (SHP1) in dendritic cells, thereby enhancing antigen presentation and T cell activation. Meanwhile, IL‐15 expression of ARB(IL‐15) induced by AraGel degradation enables ARB to serve as an enhanced adjuvant in a self‐adjuvanting manner, working synergistically with ICD and TDLN reprogramming to promote cytotoxic T lymphocytes activation. The hydrogel system efficiently suppresses tumor growth by eliciting prolonged and powerful immunotherapy in an orchestrated manner. Overall, the self‐adjuvanting hydrogel holds great potential for cancer immunotherapy.
Lysosome Targeted Nanoparticle Aggregation Reverses Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Xing Yumeng , Yang Jianhui , Peng Ao , Qian Yujing , Liu Yang , Pan Pei , Liu Qi
Published: October 2024

Nanotechnology has proven its enormous application value in clinical practice. However, current research on nanomedicines mainly focuses on developing nanoparticles as delivery carriers to maximize the bioavailability of therapeutic agents, with little attention on exploring their potential to directly regulate physiological processes. In this study, inspired by the lysosomal swelling caused by excessive accumulation of undegraded substances, this work presents a lysosomal‐targeting aggregated nanoparticle (LTANP) for cancer treatment. By rationally engineering surface composition, properties, and interparticle interactions, LTANP achieves efficient tumor accumulation and selective targeted aggregation in lysosomes of cancer cells, leading to unrelievable lysosomal swelling, and ultimately inducing lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) of cancer cells. Further analysis shows that nanoparticle aggregation‐mediated LMP can effectively trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD) by impairing autophagy‐lysosome pathway, evoking robust antitumor immune responses and reversing tumor immunogenicity from “cold” to “hot” in a melanoma model. Additionally, LTANP can combine with clinically approved programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) antibodies to further unleash T cell‐mediated antitumor immunity, significantly enhancing antitumor performance, inhibiting tumor recurrence and metastasis. This work demonstrates the potential of rationally engineered nanostructures in directly combating cancer and provides novel insights for the development of advanced nanoparticle‐based cancer treatment.
Microwave‐assisted Synthesis of Poly(methacrylic acid) Particles for Blood Purification
Authors: Alimohammadi Farbod , Upadhyay Astha , Gillespie Avrum , Tehrani Rouzbeh
Published: October 2024

A new method is introduced for the rapid synthesis of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) macroparticles via microwave irradiation, optimizing the ratio of monomer to crosslinker to finely tailor the particles’ characteristics. In the study, the characteristics of these particles have been analyzed extensively, and their potential efficacy in blood purification applications has been explored. They are demonstrating significant potential for cation removal from dialysate and blood. The PMAA particles with the lower crosslinker concentration exhibited superior cation removal efficiency, achieving 80.8% for calcium, 9.9% for potassium, and 9.9% for sodium ions from dialysate solution over a period of 4 h. Blood compatibility assessments, encompassing protein adsorption and clotting time, showed the particles' hemocompatibility. The exceptional physical and mechanical attributes of the PMAA particles are positioned as promising candidates for use as absorbents in dialysis and hemoperfusion processes. Furthermore, their versatility extends beyond blood purification, marking their relevance in broader applications such as water treatment.