bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of Life 10 Years after Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Felsenreich Daniel Moritz , Prager Gerhard , Kefurt Ronald , Eilenberg Magdalena , Jedamzik Julia , Beckerhinn Philipp , Bichler Christoph , Sperker Christoph , Krebs Michael , Langer Felix Benedikt
Published: March 2019

Objective: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has recently become the most commonly applied bariatric procedure worldwide. Substantial regaining of weight or severe reflux might compromise quality of life (QOL) after SG in the long-term follow-up. Long-term data on patients’ QOL is limited, even though the persistent improvement in QOL is one of the aims of bariatric surgery. The objective of this study was to present patients’ QOL 10 years after SG. Methods: Of 65 SG patients with a follow-up of ≥10 years after SG who were asked to fill out the Bariatric Quality of Life Index (BQL) and Short Form 36 (SF36) questionnaires, 48 (74%) completed them. This multicenter study was performed in a university hospital setting in Austria. Results: The BQL score revealed nonsignificant differences between the patients with > 50% or < 50% excess weight loss (EWL). It did show significant differences between patients with and without any symptoms of reflux. Patients with < 50% EWL scored significantly lower in 3/8 categories of SF36. Patients suffering from reflux had significantly lower scores in all categories. Conclusions: EWL and symptomatic reflux impair patients’ long-term QOL after SG.
Predictors, Incidence, and Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Complicated by Stroke
Authors: Vlastra Wieneke , Jimenez-Quevedo Pilar , Tchétché Didier , Chandrasekhar Jaya , de Brito Fabio S. , Barbanti Marco , Kornowski Ran , Latib Azeem , D’Onofrio Augusto , Ribichini Flavio , Baan Jan , Tijssen Jan G.P. , De la Torre Hernandez Jose M. , Dumonteil Nicolas , Sarmento-Leite Rogério , Sartori Samantha , Rosato S. , Tarantini Giuseppe , Lunardi Mattia , Orvin Katia , Pagnesi Matteo , Hernandez-Antolin Rosana , Modine Thomas , Dangas George , Mehran Roxana , Piek Jan J. , Delewi Ronak
Published: March 2019

Background:

Stroke remains one of the most devastating complications of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The aim of this study was to identify the incidence, timing, temporal trends, and predictors of stroke after TAVI and evaluate the outcomes of patients with stroke.

Methods and Results:

The CENTER-Collaboration is an international collaboration consisting of 3 national registries and 7 local registries or prospective clinical trials, selected through a systematic review. Accordingly, a total of 10 982 patients undergoing transfemoral TAVI between 2007 and 2018 were included in the current patient-level pooled analyses. A total of 261 patients (2.4%) experienced stroke during the first month after TAVI. The median time between TAVI and stroke was 1 day (interquartile range, 0–6 days). The stroke rate was comparable in procedures performed in the early years of TAVI (2007–2012) to those in the more recent years of TAVI (2013–2018; both 2.4%;
P
=1.0). Independent predictors of stroke at 30 days were a history of cerebrovascular events (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4–3.6;
P
=0.0012) and a glomerular filtration rate of <30 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
(odds ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0–2.8;
P
=0.05). Stroke occurring within the first 30 days after TAVI was associated with a 6-fold increase of 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 6.0; 95% CI, 4.4–8.1;
P
<0.001). Moreover, patients with stroke more frequently had documented new-onset atrial fibrillation (16% versus 3%;
P
<0.001) and major or life-threatening bleedings (12% versus 7%;
P
=0.002) at 30-day follow-up.

Conclusions:

In this large, global, patient-level analysis, the incidence of stroke after transfemoral TAVI was 2.4%. Prior cerebrovascular events and a low glomerular filtration rate independently predicted the occurrence of stroke after TAVI. The occurrence of stroke after TAVI was associated with a strikingly 6-fold increase of 30-day mortality; additionally, there was a 5-fold higher rate of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with stroke.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03588247.
Quality of Life Changes After Chronic Total Occlusion Angioplasty in Patients With Baseline Refractory Angina
Authors: Hirai Taishi , Grantham J. Aaron , Sapontis James , Cohen David J. , Marso Steven P. , Lombardi William , Karmpaliotis Dimitri , Moses Jeffrey , Nicholson William J. , Pershad Ashish , Wyman R. Michael , Spaedy Anthony , Cook Stephen , Doshi Parag , Federici Robert , Nugent Karen , Gosch Kensey L. , Spertus John A. , Salisbury Adam C. ,   on behalf of the OPEN-CTO Study Group
Published: March 2019

Background:

Health status and quality of life improvement after chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) among patients with refractory angina has not been reported. We sought to determine the degree of quality of life improvement after CTO PCI in patients with refractory angina.

Methods and Results:

Among 1000 consecutive patients who underwent CTO PCI in a 12-center registry, refractory angina was defined as any angina (baseline Seattle Angina Questionnaire [SAQ] Angina Frequency score of ≤90) despite treatment with ≥3 antianginal medications. Health status at baseline and 1-year follow-up was quantified using the SAQ. Refractory angina was present at baseline in 148 patients (14.8%). Technical success was achieved in 120 (81.1%) at the initial attempt and major adverse cardiac and cerebral events occurred in 10 (6.8%). There were no procedural deaths. Refractory angina patients were highly symptomatic at baseline with mean SAQ Angina Frequency of 51.1±23.8, SAQ quality of life of 35.3±21.2, and SAQ Summary Score of 47.2±17.9, improving by 32.0±27.8, 35.7±23.9, and 32.1±20.1 at 1 year. Through 1-year follow-up, patients with successful CTO PCI had significantly larger degree of improvement of SAQ Angina Frequency and SAQ Summary Score (35.0±26.8 versus 18.8±28.9,
P
<0.01; 34.2±19.4 versus 22.5±20.8,
P
<0.01) compared with unsuccessful CTO PCI.

Conclusions:

Refractory angina was present in 1 of 7 patients in the OPEN-CTO (Outcomes, Patient Health Status, and Efficiency in Chronic Total Occlusion Hybrid Procedures) registry. Patients with refractory angina experienced large, clinically significant health status improvements that persisted through 12 months, and patients with successful CTO PCI had larger health status improvement than those without.
High‐Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin After Cardiac Stress Test: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Samaha Eslam , Avila Audrey , Helwani Mohammad A. , Ben Abdallah Arbi , Jaffe Allan S. , Scott Mitchell G. , Nagele Peter
Published: March 2019

Background

The recent introduction of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs‐cTn) assays has allowed clinicians to measure hs‐cTn before and after cardiac stress testing, but the hs‐cTn release pattern and potential utility in identifying inducible myocardial ischemia are unclear. We thus conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to improve our understanding of hs‐cTn release associated with exercise and pharmacological stress testing.

Methods and Results

Studies published between January 2008 and July 2016 that reported hs‐cTn change values (high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T [hs‐cTnT] or high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I [hs‐cTnI]) in relation to cardiac stress testing were searched and reviewed by 2 independent screeners. Primary outcomes were pooled estimates of absolute and relative hs‐cTn changes after cardiac stress test, stratified by the presence of inducible myocardial ischemia. This meta‐analysis included 11 studies (n=2432 patients). After exercise stress testing, hs‐cTnT increased by 0.5 ng/L or 11% (6 studies, n=406) and hs‐cTnI by 2.4 ng/L or 41% (4 studies, n=365) in patients with inducible myocardial ischemia versus hs‐cTnT by 1.1 ng/L or 18% (8 studies, n=629;
P
=0.29) and hs‐cTnI by 1.8 ng/L or 72% (4 studies, n=831;
P
=0.61) in patients who did not develop inducible myocardial ischemia. After pharmacological stress test, hs‐cTnT changed by −0.1 ng/L or −0.4% (6 studies, n=251) and hs‐cTnI by 2.4 ng/L or 32% (2 studies, n=108) in patients with inducible myocardial ischemia versus hs‐cTnT by 0.7 ng/L or 11% (5 studies, n=443,
P
=0.44) and hs‐cTnI by 1.7 ng/L or 38% (2 studies, n=116;
P
=0.62) in patients who did not develop inducible myocardial ischemia.

Conclusions

hs‐cTn rising patterns after exercise and pharmacological stress testing appear inconsistent and comparably small, and do not appear to be correlated with inducible myocardial ischemia.
Breastfeeding and Cardiovascular Disease Hospitalization and Mortality in Parous Women: Evidence From a Large Australian Cohort Study
Authors: Nguyen Binh , Gale Joanne , Nassar Natasha , Bauman Adrian , Joshy Grace , Ding Ding
Published: March 2019

Background

Few studies have investigated the longitudinal association between breastfeeding and maternal cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) outcomes. This study examined the association between breastfeeding and
CVD
hospitalization and mortality in a large Australian cohort.

Methods and Results

Baseline questionnaire data (2006–2009) from a sample of 100 864 parous women aged ≥45 years from New South Wales, Australia, were linked to hospitalization and death data until June 2014 and December 2013, respectively. Analysis was restricted to women without self‐reported medically diagnosed
CVD
at baseline or without past
CVD
hospitalization 6 years before study entry. Never versus ever breastfeeding and average breastfeeding duration per child, derived from self‐reported lifetime breastfeeding duration and number of children, and categorized as never breastfed, <6, >6 to 12, or >12 months/child, were assessed. Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore the association between breastfeeding and
CVD
outcomes. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle risk factors, and medical and reproductive history. There were 3428 (3.4%) first
CVD
‐related hospital admissions and 418 (0.4%) deaths during a mean follow‐up time of 6.1 years for
CVD
hospitalization and 5.7 years for
CVD
mortality. Ever breastfeeding was associated with lower risk of
CVD
hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]: 0.86 [0.78, 0.96];
P
=0.005) and
CVD
mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]: 0.66 [0.49, 0.89];
P
=0.006) compared with never breastfeeding. Breastfeeding ≤12 months/child was significantly associated with lower risk of
CVD
hospitalization.

Conclusions

Breastfeeding is associated with lower maternal risk of
CVD
hospitalization and mortality in middle‐aged and older Australian women. Breastfeeding may offer long‐term maternal cardiovascular health benefits.
Changes in Childhood Body‐Mass Index and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Adulthood
Authors: Sundbøll Jens , Ängquist Lars , Adelborg Kasper , Gjærde Line Klingen , Ording Anne , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. , Baker Jennifer L. , Sørensen Henrik Toft
Published: March 2019

Background

Childhood weight trajectories may influence cardiometabolic traits and thereby the risk of venous thromboembolism (
VTE
) later in life. We examined whether overweight and changes in weight status during childhood were associated with risk of
VTE
in adulthood.

Methods and Results

We used Danish medical registries to conduct a population‐based cohort study of Danish schoolchildren aged 7 to 13 years and born during 1930‐1989. We calculated body‐mass index (
BMI
) z‐scores based on weight and height measurements. We estimated hazard ratios using Cox regressions to examine associations between changes in
BMI
z‐scores from 7 to 13 years of age and the subsequent risk of
VTE
. Among 313 998 children, 5007 girls and 5397 boys were diagnosed with
VTE
as adults. Compared with children with a normal
BMI
(25th to 75th percentile category) at both ages, children with a
BMI
persistently above the 75th percentile had a 1.30‐ to 1.50‐fold increased risk of
VTE
in adulthood. Children who experienced a
BMI
increase from the 25th to 75th or >75th to 90th percentile to a higher percentile category had a 1.35‐ to 1.70‐fold increased risk of adulthood
VTE
. Children whose
BMI
percentile category decreased between 7 and 13 years of age had a
VTE
risk similar to that of children with a persistently normal
BMI
.

Conclusions

Risk of
VTE
in adulthood was higher in children with a persistently above‐average
BMI
. Whereas weight gain from 7 to 13 years of age additionally increased
VTE
risk, remission from overweight by 13 years of age completely reverted the risk.
FİNANSMAN SAĞLAMADA MUDARABE SUKUK VE MÜŞAREKE SUKUKUN ORTAKLIĞA DAYALI KİRA SERTİFİKALARI BOYUTUYLA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ VE MUHASEBELEŞTİRİLMESİ
Authors: Çelenk Hakan , Çebi Asım
Published: March 2019

Sukuk, küresel sermaye
piyasasında yeni bir gelişmeyi temsil etmektedir. Son yıllarda islami finansal
enstürümanlardan sukukta bir artış yaşandı. Bu, islami finansın büyümesi için
büyük bir potansiyel sunmaktadır. Hızla büyüyen tüm İslami sermaye piyasası menkul
kıymetlerinin hiçbiri sukuk kadar popüler değildir. İslami sermayenin ülkemize
çekilmesi gerçekten önemli hale gelmiştir. Ayrıca ülkemiz içindeki faize karşı
duyarlı yatırımcılarında bu alan üzerinden ekonomiye kazandırılmaları
gerekmektedir. Faizsiz finans sektöründe ortaya çıkan ve “faizsiz bono” olarak
tanımlanan sukuk ülkemizde “kira sertifikası” adıyla düzenlenmiştir.  Bu sebeple ülkemizde sukuk uygulamalarını
artırmak amacıyla çeşitli düzenlemeler yapılmaktadır. Özellikle bu çalışmada
ülkemiz açısından müşareke sukuk ve müdarebe sukukun işleyişi,
değerlendirilmesi ve muhasebeleştirilmesi ele alınmaktadır.
BANKACILIK SEKTÖRÜNDE TOPLAM FAKTÖR VERİMLİLİĞİ ANALİZİ: 2006 – 2016 DÖNEMİ TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ÖZAYDIN Onur , AYDIN Ahmet
Published: March 2019

Türkiye’de finansal sistem içinde bankacılık sektörü
büyük yer tutmakta ve tasarruf fazlası olan birimlerden tasarruf açığı olan
birimlere fon transferi büyük ölçüde bankacılık sistemi vasıtasıyla
gerçekleştirilmektedir. Yerine getirdiği görev açısından bankacılık sektörü
finansal sistemin en önemli parçası konumundadır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de
faaliyet gösteren ve bankacılık sisteminin toplam aktifleri içinde %1’den daha
büyük paya sahip olan ilk 10 mevduat bankası için Veri Zarflama Analizi ile
2006-2016 döneminde toplam faktör verimliliği hesaplamaları yapılmıştır. Toplam
faktör verimliliği hesaplamalarında mevduat bankalarının aracılık faaliyetleri
dikkate alınarak, girdi değişkeni olarak şube sayısı, personel sayısı, aktif
büyüklüğü ve toplam mevduatlar seçilirken, çıktı değişkeni olarak toplam
krediler ve kar değişkenleri seçilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre ilgili
dönemde 10 bankadan oluşan grubun toplam faktör verimliliği 2007, 2008, 2010,
2013 ve 2014 yıllarında artış, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2015 ve 2016 yıllarında ise
azalış göstermiştir. 2008 yılını takip eden dört yılın üçünde görülen düşüşün,
2008 global ekonomik krizinin etkisiyle gerçekleştiği, 2015 ve bilhassa 2016
yılında karşılaşılan büyük orandaki düşüşün ise teknolojik değişme endeksinde
meydana gelen kuvvetli azalmayla bağlantılı olduğu ifade edilebilir.
TÜRKİYE’DE TÜKETİCİ VE REEL KESİM GÜVEN ENDEKSİ İLE SEÇİLMİŞ MAKRO DEĞİŞKENLER ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER: 2010-2018
Authors: DURGUN Ayşe
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmadaki amaç tüketici
güven endeksi ve reel kesim güven endekslerinin seçilmiş makro değişkenler ile
ilişkisini VAR modeli ile analiz etmektir. Bu kapsamda iki ayrı model
oluşturulup, ilk modelde tüketici güven endeksi ile tüketici fiyat endeksi,
döviz kuru ve BİST-100 Endeksi, ikinci modelde reel kesim güven endeksi ile sanayi
üretim endeksi, gösterge faiz ve istihdam oranı arasındaki ilişki analiz
edilmiştir. Çalışmada Türkiye için 2010:01-2018-12 dönemi 108 gözlemden oluşan
aylık veri seti kullanılmıştır. Her iki modelde elde edilen ampirik bulgular
incelendiğinde tüketici güven endeksi ve reel kesim güven endekslerinin seçilen
makro değişkenlerden hem etkilendiği hem de onları etkilediği tespit
edilmiştir.
A new genus of the subtribe Hermanellina (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Northern Brazil with accounts on the systematics of the group
Authors: Salles Frederico F. , Boldrini Rafael
Published: March 2019

A new taxon of Hermanellonota or subtribe Hermanellina (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) was found from Northern Brazil, in the limits of Pacaraima in Brazil and Santa Helena de Uairén in Venezuela. While nymphs of this taxon are similar to those of the genus Farrodes, the adults could not be assigned to any of the genera included in the group. In order to clarify the systematic relationship of this taxon and to provide a reliable hypothesis concerning its generic placement, we analyzed it using an available matrix from the literature and performed a new cladistic analysis. As a result we describe Rondophlebia rubra
gen. nov. et sp. nov. sister to the Perissophlebiodes complex + Hermanella complex. Our analyses also shed new insights on the systematics of Hermanellonota.
Competing Frames of the Gülen Movement
Authors: Saleem Saleena , Osman Mohamed Nawab Mohamed
Published: March 2019

This paper identifies and describes the three main competing frames of the Gulen movement, namely the moderate, tolerant and modern frame; the secretive Islamist agenda frame; and the security risk frame, which the Gülen movement’s followers, detractors and the Turkish government promoted over the span of the movement’s growth, expansion and decline. We use the identified frames as conceptual tools to analyze the development and decline of the movement in Malaysia. In our analysis, we determine the cultural and political factors that made it easier for the Gülen movement to promote its moderate, tolerant and modern frame in Malaysia; how Gülen followers and Malaysians navigated the secretive Islamist agenda frame in ways that enabled the Gülen movement to operate in Malaysia; and the Malaysian response to the security risk frame that was promoted by the Turkish government, which eventually curtailed the movement’s activities in Malaysia.
Racial Discrimination
Authors: Hernández Tanya Katerí
Published: March 2019

This fifth volume in the Brill Research Perspectives in Comparative Discrimination Law surveys the field of comparative race discrimination law for the purpose of providing an introduction to the nature of comparing systems of discrimination and the transnational search for effective equality laws and policies. This volume includes the perspectives of racialized subjects (subalterns) in the examination of the reach of the laws on the ground. It engages a variety of legal and social science resources in order to compare systems across a number of contexts (such as the United States, Canada, France, South Africa, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Israel, India, and others). The goal is to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of various kinds of anti-discrimination legal devices to aid in the study of law reform efforts across the globe centered on racial equality.
A new species of Ponthieva (Cranichidinae, Orchidaceae) from Bolivia
Authors: KOLANOWSKA MARTA , BARANOW PRZEMYSŁAW , FUENTES ALFREDO F.
Published: March 2019

A new species of Ponthieva, P. boliviensis,  is described and illustrated based on Bolivian material. The novelty resembles P. pilosissima and P. hermiliae characterized by pilose leaves and free lateral sepals. From P. pilosissima the new species differs in the shallowly concave lip, ovate-triangular basal lip auricles which are more or less parallel to the claw and ovate lip disc. Unlike in P. boliviensis, the lip of P. hermiliae is yellowish-green to greenish-white, lanceolate-triangular, lacking basal lobes, concave on the proximal half, with a 6-toothed callus placed horizontally in front of the basal cavity.
Paepalanthus calvescens (Eriocaulaceae), a new species from Espírito Santo, Brazil
Authors: DA SILVA LUCAS ESPINDOLA FLORÊNCIO , TROVÓ MARCELO
Published: March 2019

Paepalanthus calvescens is a new species of Eriocaulaceae, herein described and illustrated. The species is endemic to Espírito Santo state, restricted to a small, unique and endangered habitat composed of quartzitic patches within a primarily granitic area. The indument of leaves, spathes, and scapes is crucial to recognize the taxon as a distinct entity along with the shape and pilosity of other floral and vegetative structures. The species is compared to P. capixaba, the morphologically most similar species occurring in the Espírito Santo state. The new species is also compared to P. spathulatus and P. calvus, which, although occur far from the occurrence site of P. calvescens, share morphological similarities. Comments on the species distribution and conservation, as well as details of morphological variation and photos are provided.
On the proper generic and familial placement and nomenclature of “Plectonema puteale f. edaphicum” (Cyanobacteria): a correction and comments
Authors: VYNOGRADOVA OXANA M.
Published: March 2019

N/A
Five new species of Macrostomus Wiedemann and a checklist of Empididae (s. str.) (Diptera) from Bolivia
Authors: RAFAEL JOSÉ ALBERTINO , MARQUES DAYSE WILLKENIA ALMEIDA
Published: March 2019

Ten Bolivian species of Macrostomus Wiedemann were studied. Five species are redescribed based on type specimens           described by Bezzi. The species are included in the following species-groups: four in the M. ferrugineus species-group: M.       arcucinctus (Bezzi), M. argyrotarsis (Bezzi), M. dolichopterus (Bezzi) and M. grallatrix (Bezzi); three in the M. limbipennis species-group: M. macerrimus (Bezzi), M. montanus sp. nov. and M. rodriguezi sp. nov.; one species in the M. amazonensis species-group: M. falcatus sp. nov.; and two unplaced to species-group: M. trifidus sp. nov. and M. trilineatus sp. nov. A key to the 12 species of Macrostomus found in Bolivia, including M. limbipennis (Bezzi) and M. pictipennis (Bezzi), is presented. Macrostomus argyrotarsis (Bezzi) is also recorded for the first time from Peru. A checklist of 31 described species of Bolivian Empididae s. str. is included. Three empidid species originally described from Mexico that had previously been recorded from Bolivia, are excluded from the Bolivian fauna.
A new glass sponge genus (Hexactinellida: Euplectellidae) from abyssal depth of the Yap Trench, northwestern Pacific Ocean
Authors: SHEN CHENGCHENG , DOHRMANN MARTIN , ZHANG DONGSHENG , LU BO , WANG CHUNSHENG
Published: March 2019

In this article we report on a hexactinellid sponge new to science, Rhizophyta yapensis gen. et sp. nov., which was collected from the Yap Trench in the northwestern Pacific Ocean at an abyssal depth of 4159–4779 m. Its fungus-like body form with long peduncle and absence of hypodermalia suggest placement within the euplectellid subfamily Bolosominae Tabachnick, 2002, whereas molecular phylogenetic evidence suggests that it is sister to all remaining Euplectellidae Gray, 1867. Its rhizophytous method of attachment to the substrate, hitherto unknown from bolosomine Euplectellidae, a veil of pentactins covering the peduncle, and the presence of toothed discohexasters as the only type of microscleres, clearly characterize it as a new genus. The intraspecific divergence between holotype and paratypes of the new species is examined with both morphological and molecular approaches. This report represents the first record of a hexactinellid sponge from the Yap Trench.
Comments on “A Wave-Resolving Simulation of Langmuir Circulations with a Nonhydrostatic Free-Surface Model: Comparison with Craik–Leibovich Theory and an Alternative Eulerian View of the Driving Mechanism”
Authors: Mellor George
Published: March 2019

The results of the subject paper are reviewed wherein credible Langmuir cells are produced by a numerical solution of the primitive fluid dynamic equations with a free surface. Whereas it is a major achievement, the claim that the same results support the general application of the so-called vortex force equations is challenged.
Ecological Interface Design: Thirty-Plus Years of Refinement, Progress, and Potential
Authors: Bennett Kevin B. , Flach John
Published: March 2019

Objective:

The objective is to provide a review of ecological interface design (EID), to illustrate its value to human factors/ergonomics, and to identify areas for future research and development.

Background:

EID uses mature interface technologies to provide decision making and problem solving support. A variety of theoretical concepts and analytical tools have been developed to meet the associated challenges. EID provides support that is simultaneously grounded in the practical realities of a work domain and tailored to human capabilities and limitations.

Method:

EID’s theoretical foundation is discussed briefly. Concrete examples of ecological and traditional interfaces are provided. Different categories of work domains are described, as well as the associated implications for interface design. A targeted literature review is conducted and the experimental outcomes are summarized. A representative evaluation is discussed, and interpretations of performance are provided.

Results:

The evidence reveals that EID has been remarkably successful in significantly improving performance for work domains with constraints that are law driven (e.g., process control). In contrast, work domains that are intent-driven (e.g., information retrieval) have, by and large, been ignored. Also, few studies have addressed nonvisual displays.

Conclusion:

EID has not yet realized its potential to improve safety and efficiency across the entire continuum of work domains.

Application:

EID provides a single integrated framework that is (a) sufficiently comprehensive to deal with complicated work domains and (b) capable of producing innovative support that will generalize to actual work settings.
Understanding the 2017 “Me Too” Movement’s Timing
Authors: Gibson Camille , Davenport Shannon , Fowler Tina , Harris Colette B. , Prudhomme Melanie , Whiting Serita , Simmons-Horton Sherri
Published: March 2019

While persons may differ on the identified start of what evolved into the “Me Too” movement of 2017, the media focus makes the Anita Hill and Clarence Thomas saga of October 1991 a starting point for a slow cruise to a season of reckoning. This article explores the circumstances that led to a cataclysm where women have been believed and the alleged perpetrators have experienced consequences. These elements are a grassroots movement against sexual harassment across sectors; high-profile celebrity cases that attracted public attention; the use of a social media venue, the # MeToo, that facilitated the victims speaking publicly, from a safe distance from the harasser or abuser, no longer feeling compelled to silence for personal or career reasons; the election of a President (Trump) who was recorded jesting about engaging in sexual harassment; courageous investigative journalism in the face of threats from powerful persons; and President Obama’s Title IX enhancements that put sexual assaults on college and universities in the news (and Betsy Devos’s reversal of some of these initiatives). A final ingredient is the initial mistrial of Bill Cosby in 2017 (he has since been convicted of sexual assault in 2018).
Why Social Psychology Needs Autism and Why Autism Needs Social Psychology: Forensic and Clinical Considerations
Authors: Maynard Douglas W.
Published: March 2019

We know a lot about why the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has risen so dramatically since the 1960s. However, social science and social psychology in particular fall short in the analysis of autistic behavior, the real-life manifestations of the disorder. In this address, I suggest that unless we tackle behavior in interaction, rather than as emanating from individuals, we cannot analytically comprehend behavior as a socially real and holistic entity. The particular phenomena under investigation is transpositioning, or how a neurotypical (NT) professional initiates a sequence of action (first position) involving a recipient who has ASD. Then, the person with ASD fashions a response (second position) that is resistive or noncooperative. However, the NT professional subsequently fashions an action that portrays the ASD person’s second position or responsive behavior as an initiation or feature independent of what may have prompted it. Moreover, in reporting on the event in police, clinical, or other records, there is an elision of the prior initiations or first position actions such that the person with ASD is shown to have manifested ostensibly autonomous and anomalous behavior requiring interventions or remediation.
Case report of pulmonary endometriosis and review of the literature
Authors: Tong Shan-Shan , Yin Xiu-Yan , Hu Shan-Shan , Cui Ying , Li Hui-Ting
Published: March 2019

Pulmonary endometriosis is a rare form of thoracic endometriosis. We herein describe a 29-year-old woman with recurrent hemoptysis associated with her menstrual cycle. The patient had a 4-month history of catamenial hemoptysis without thoracic pain, respiratory embarrassment, cough, fever, night sweating, or loss of appetite. Chest computed tomography revealed exudation shadows in the right lower pulmonary lobe and small fiber lesions in the right middle lobe and left lung. Thoracoscopic wedge resection of the right lower pulmonary lobe was performed, and the pathological result was pulmonary endometriosis. No evidence of hemoptysis during menstruation was found following the operation.
A Numerical Study on Installation Effects and Long-Term Shaft Resistance of Pre-Bored Piles in Cohesive Soils
Authors: Li Lin , Chen Shengli , Zhang Zhongjie
Published: March 2019

Pre-boring is a technique widely used to facilitate large displacement pile driving in hard/dense soils, but usually at the expense of reducing the long-term shaft resistance of the pile. In the US, it is a routine practice for large displacement pile to be driven through dense cohesive soils with the ultimate capacity of pre-bored piles usually being determined based on empiricism and local experience. Understanding and quantifying the impacts of pre-boring installation on pile capacity can greatly help geotechnical design engineers to understand the interactions among the factors of pre-boring, pile size, soil conditions, and so forth and to improve the design and construction qualities of pile foundations in hard/dense soils. Due to the high cost and time involved with field instrumentation and testing on pre-bored piles, a numerical analysis study was funded by the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (DOTD) as a first step to exploring the impacts of pre-bore size on the long-term shaft resistance reduction of piles. This study was conducted using a practical finite element model that integrates the entire process from pile installation through subsequent consolidation to pile loading. The long-term shaft resistance was then examined after full consolidation by applying a vertical shear displacement on the soil element adjacent to the pile until the ultimate state was reached. Based on the numerical simulations, a set of reduction factor curves were then developed for a typical Louisiana soil stratum, which may provide guidelines for better design and construction of pre-bored piles in Louisiana.
Expansion Level of Steel Slag Aggregate Effects on Both Material Properties and Asphalt Mixture Performance
Authors: Teixeira Jamilla Emi Sudo Lutif , Schumacher Aecio Guilherme , Pires Patrício Moreira , Castelo Branco Verônica Teixeira Franco , Martins Henrique Barbosa
Published: March 2019

The influence of steel slag expansion level on the early stage performance of hot mix asphalt (HMA) is evaluated. Initially, samples of Linz-Donawitz type steel slag with different levels of expansion (6.71%, 3.16%, 1.33%) were submitted to physical, mechanical, and morphological characterization to assess the effects of expansion on individual material properties. Steel slag was then used as aggregate in HMA to verify the effects of its expansion characteristics on the volumetric and mechanical performance of the asphalt mixture. Four different asphalt mixtures were designed based on Marshall mix design, using asphalt cement (pen. grade 50/70), natural aggregate (granite), and steel slag (in three different levels of expansion). The mechanical characteristics of the asphalt mixture were evaluated based on results from Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength, and resilient modulus testing. A modified Pennsylvania testing method (PTM) was also performed on the studied asphalt mixtures to verify the potential of asphalt binder film to minimize the expansive reactions of steel slag. It was observed that the level of steel slag expansion changes some of the material’s individual properties, which can affect the volumetric parameters of the mix design. The use of steel slag as aggregate in HMA also improves the mechanical properties of non-aged asphalt mixtures. Moreover, the expansive characteristics of this material could be minimized when combined with other asphalt mixture components.
Who Understands Consent? A Latent Profile Analysis of College Students’ Attitudes Toward Consent
Authors: Goodcase Eric T. , Spencer Chelsea M. , Toews Michelle L.
Published: March 2019

Sexual assault occurs at high rates on college campuses today. This problem persists despite the many educational programs that seek to educate college students about sexual assault and consent. The current study used latent profile analysis on a survey of 717 college students at a Midwestern university to determine if different people have varying behavioral intentions about consent during four different sexual situations. Results show that there are four distinct profiles of intentions related to consent: the respecting explicit, affirmative, and ongoing consent profile (76.55% of the sample); only respecting explicit consent profile (9.89%); unsure about nonexplicit consent profile (9.04%); and the does-not-ask for verbal consent in relationships profile (4.55%). Regression analysis also revealed that males were more likely to be classified in the only respecting explicit consent profile compared with the three other profiles, but there were no significant differences among the other profiles.
A turning point for labour market policy in Australia
Authors: Stanford Jim
Published: March 2019

Australian labour market and industrial relations policies are poised for fundamental change. A combination of political and macroeconomic factors has created a historic opportunity to turn away from the individualised, market-driven labour market policy that has prevailed since the 1980s, in favour of a more interventionist and egalitarian approach. Factors contributing to this moment include the breakdown of bipartisan consensus around key neoliberal precepts; growing public anger over inequality, insecure work and stagnant wages; and a weakening of macroeconomic conditions. Australia’s labour market is now marked by underutilisation of labour in various forms, a deterioration in job quality (especially the growth of insecure and precarious work) and unprecedented weakness in wages. The deterioration in job quality and distributional outcomes is the long-term legacy of the post-1980s shift away from Australia’s earlier tradition of equality-seeking institutional structures and regulatory practices. The current malaise in labour markets should be confronted with a comprehensive strategy to both increase the quantity of work available to Australian workers and improve its quality. The major components of such a strategy are identified, and their prospects considered, in light of the economic and political forces reshaping Australia’s labour market.

JEL Codes: J28, J38, J53, J58, J83
Investigating the effects aviation fluids have on the flatwise compressive strength of Nomex® honeycomb core material
Authors: Kim Garam , Sterkenburg Ronald
Published: March 2019

Composite honeycomb sandwich structure is widely used for aircraft structures such as control surfaces, radomes, engine cowls, and aircraft interior structure because of its lightweight and high strength characteristics. One of the disadvantages of honeycomb sandwich structure is that they are prone to fluid intrusion. The purpose of this study is to determine if the structural properties of honeycomb core are affected by contact with a fluid. The test specimens were manufactured of fiberglass prepreg for the facesheets and Nomex® honeycomb core for the core material in accordance with ASTM C-365/365M. Test specimens were soaked in several different kinds of fluids, such as aircraft fuel, turbine engine oil, hydraulic fluid, and water for a period of 60 days. Some of specimens were tested right after soaking period ended, and some of them were dried before they were tested. A flatwise compressive test was performed, and the test results were analyzed to determine how the contact with aircraft fluids affected the compressive strength of the Nomex® honeycomb core and how the strength was recovered when the specimens were dry. In addition, the investigation of de-bonding between facesheet and core material after soaking was performed to support the study.
Performance enhancement of spur gear formed through asymmetric tooth
Authors: Prabhu Sekar R
Published: March 2019

Tooth fracture and surface wear are the major failure causes in a gearing system. With increasing demand for high power density gear applications, the need of effective gear design becomes an important requirement to improve gear life. This article presents a method to enhance the load carrying capacity in bending and contact, as well as wear resistance to increase gear efficiency through asymmetric tooth. Asymmetric gear is the one whose pressure angles at pitch circle on drive and coast sides are different. In the present investigation, the load shared by a teeth pair, fillet and contact stresses, wear resistance, frictional power losses and the respective mechanical efficiencies have been determined for comparative performance assessment of symmetric and asymmetric spur gears.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the performance of self-sensing concrete sleepers
Authors: Xu Jinlong , Butler Liam J , Elshafie Mohammed ZEB
Published: March 2019

Prestressed concrete sleepers with built-in fibre optic–based sensing systems have recently been developed to capture performance data within railway networks and to provide critical decision-support information to route managers and operators. To better understand how self-sensing sleepers can be fully utilized within the rail network, a study of their comprehensive performance under controlled conditions must be undertaken. This article presents the results of the full-scale laboratory testing of a self-sensing sleeper supported on ballast. A primary focus of this study was to investigate whether a self-sensing sleeper could also be used to estimate rail seat load, detect cracking, and identify differential ballast settlement. The ultimate capacity and resilience of the embedded fiber Bragg grating sensing system was tested by applying load up until concrete cracking followed by several cyclic load cycles. Through inference of the load versus strain response, the ability of the self-sensing sleeper to detect damage (concrete cracking and loss of ballast support) was evaluated. The experimental results revealed the effectiveness and robustness of the embedded sensing system to continue to provide reliable dynamic strain measurements well beyond the ultimate loading capacity of the prestressed sleeper. Cracking of the top surface of the sleeper was effectively detected by the fiber Bragg grating strain sensors at the mid-span section. After cracking, subsequent load cycles were carried out. During this period, the bottom fiber Bragg grating measurements captured the effects of differential ballast settlement under the rail seats. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model was developed to simulate the experimental test setup and to investigate the relation between fiber Bragg grating sensor measurements and rail track response. The combined experimental and numerical results suggest that a self-sensing sleeper may be deployed on an operational railway to provide reliable and long-term measurements of rail axle load and ballast pressure.
Critical Literacy in the Post-Truth Media Landscape
Authors: Barton Colin C
Published: March 2019

In the post-truth era, information is harder to trust than ever before. News has become more about entertainment than information and consumers now subscribe to media in order to have their view reinforced and not challenged. The media environment has become more tribal, defining the people who consume it. On top of this environment, the plague that is fake news has descended upon the internet, making truth a relative concept rather than a scientific one. Navigating the media and finding truth in current events has become a confusing process.

In the wake of the major events of 2016 – Brexit and the United States election, two events that were defined by misinformation, lies and fake news – post-truth emerged as a political term to define the era we now live in. It is one where truth is of little value and people give in to the politics of emotion rather than fact. This sets a dangerous scene for democracy and threatens to undermine any major future democratic processes.

In order to alleviate this issue, a critical media literacy must be adopted in education. Students need to be given the tools to critically analyse media as well as understand the structures of power behind media organizations, what their goals are and who they serve. In doing so, fake news can lose much of its power and truth can emerge.
Continuous Electroencephalogram as a Biomarker of Disease Progression and Severity in Herpes Simplex Virus–1 Encephalitis
Authors: Baten Ahmareen , Desai Masoom , Melo-Bicchi Miguel , Gutierrez Camilo
Published: March 2019

Objective. Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) is the most common cause of sporadic fatal encephalitis worldwide and remains a devastating disease despite antiviral therapy. EEG can be an important tool in the diagnosis of HSE, and we propose that it can be used to monitor the progression of the disease in patients with treatment refractory HSE. Methods. This is a case report of a patient with HSE who was monitored on continuous EEG (CEEG) throughout course of her disease. Results. A 62-year-old woman with no history of neurologic disease, who presented with generalized weakness and lethargy for 2 weeks, and rapidly deteriorated with encephalopathy, fever, and seizures. Lumbar puncture demonstrated elevated protein and white blood cells with positive herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA. CEEG initially showed right-sided lateralized periodic discharges and focal seizures/status epilepticus with shifting predominance, and then later progressed to be more focal on the left, and then progressed to demonstrating more generalized findings. Magnetic resonance imaging obtained 3 times confirmed what CEEG heralded with evolution from prior studies which were concordant with CEEG, suggesting disease spread. Significance. We report the case of a patient with HSE who was monitored on CEEG and propose that CEEG can be used as a marker for progression of disease and thus may prompt escalation in therapy. While imaging studies may confirm spread of disease, using CEEG may prevent the delay of treatment and lead to more rapid therapy in cases of refractory HSE.
Students choosing digital sources: Studying students’ information literacy in group work with tablets
Authors: Lofthus Liv , Silseth Kenneth
Published: March 2019

The focus of this article is on digital literacy and students’ use of digital sources. We are examining how students choose digital video sources when doing group work with tablets in a social studies project. The analysis centers on how students collaboratively negotiate and reason around their choice of video sources during an assignment about environmental issues. The data corpus consists of videos of group work. A sociocultural perspective on learning is employed for analyzing student participation. We explore how the tablets influence the group interaction and how the group members negotiate the process of choosing the video sources found online. The findings show that students do not discuss digital sources only in terms of the formal criteria for digital literacy, but in relation to their perception of how the video sources are presented. It is important to shed light on this aspect of students’ use of tablets in school, because being aware of this facet could materialize in greater digital skills which in turn might expand digital literacy.
Celiac disease‐on‐chip: Modeling a multifactorial disease in vitro
Authors: Moerkens Renée , Mooiweer Joram , Withoff Sebo , Wijmenga Cisca
Published: March 2019

Conventional model systems cannot fully recapitulate the multifactorial character of complex diseases like celiac disease (CeD), a common chronic intestinal disorder in which many different genetic risk factors interact with environmental factors such as dietary gluten. However, by combining recently developed human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology and organ‐on‐chip technology, in vitro intestine‐on‐chip systems can now be developed that integrate the genetic background of complex diseases, the different interacting cell types involved in disease pathology, and the modulating environmental factors such as gluten and the gut microbiome. The hiPSCs that are the basis of these systems can be generated from both diseased and healthy individuals, which means they can be stratified based on their load of genetic risk factors. A CeD‐on‐chip model system has great potential to improve our understanding of disease etiology and accelerate the development of novel treatments and preventive therapies in CeD and other complex diseases.
Demonstration of a Fair Level of Agreement Between Escalation Scores Reported by Hospital Managers and Analysis of Stress-Related Hospital Metrics
Authors: van Woerden Hugo C. , Walker Neil J. , Kiparoglou Vasiliki , Yang Yaling
Published: March 2019

Background:

The National Health System in Wales has developed a novel national electronic dashboard which reports a daily “escalation score,” reflecting management’s opinion of the pressure each hospital is facing, primarily due to unscheduled care. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of replacing human scores with a quantitative model, based on the relationship between reported escalation scores and selected hospital metrics.

Methods:

Generalized linear mixed models were used to model the association between hospital metrics and escalation scores between October one year and October the next year utilizing hospital bed occupancy rate, ambulance hours lost waiting outside emergency departments, number of “boarded out” patients in the hospital, and the daily ratio of admissions to discharges in the hospital. These models were tested against a subsequent period (December unto May the following year), using three models: “general,” “hospital-specific,” and “group-specific.” The model generated by the initial time frame was tested against data from the subsequent time frame using weighted κ.

Results:

Across 16 hospitals, using 3343 escalation scores, the rates of agreement and weighted κ were: general model (48.8%; 0.16), hospital-specific model (45.0%; 0.25), and group-specific model (43.1%; 0.25). A 17th small hospital was excluded due to missing data.

Conclusions:

This is novel research as no similar studies were identified, although the topic is important as it addresses a major current health-care challenge. Automated scores can be derived which have the advantage of being derived objectively, avoiding human inter- and intraindividual variation. Prospective testing is recommended to assess potential service planning benefit.