bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POMC neurons control fertility through differential signaling of MC4R in Kisspeptin neurons
Authors: Talbi Rajae , Stincic Todd L , Ferrari Kaitlin , Ji Hae Choi , Walec Karol , Medve Elizabeth , Gerutshang Achi , León Silvia , McCarthy Elizabeth A , Rønnekleiv Oline K , Kelly Martin J , Navarro Víctor M
Published: January 2025

Inactivating mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor (
MC4R
) gene cause monogenic obesity. Interestingly, female patients also display various degrees of reproductive disorders, in line with the subfertile phenotype of MC4RKO female mice. However, the cellular mechanisms by which MC4R regulates reproduction are unknown. Kiss1 neurons directly stimulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release through two distinct populations; the Kiss1
ARH
neurons, controlling GnRH pulses, and the sexually dimorphic Kiss1
AVPV/PeN
neurons controlling the preovulatory LH surge. Here, we show that
Mc4r
expressed in Kiss1 neurons regulates fertility in females.
In vivo
, deletion of
Mc4r
from Kiss1 neurons in female mice replicates the reproductive impairments of MC4RKO mice without inducing obesity. Conversely, reinsertion of
Mc4r
in Kiss1 neurons of MC4R null mice restores estrous cyclicity and LH pulsatility without reducing their obese phenotype.
In vitro
, we dissect the specific action of MC4R on Kiss1
ARH
vs Kiss1
AVPV/PeN
neurons and show that MC4R activation excites Kiss1
ARH
neurons through direct synaptic actions. In contrast, Kiss1
AVPV/PeN
neurons are normally inhibited by MC4R activation except under elevated estradiol levels, thus facilitating the activation of Kiss1
AVPV/PeN
neurons to induce the LH surge driving ovulation in females. Our findings demonstrate that POMC
ARH
neurons acting through MC4R, directly regulate reproductive function in females by stimulating the “pulse generator” activity of Kiss1
ARH
neurons and restricting the activation of Kiss1
AVPV/PeN
neurons to the time of the estradiol-dependent LH surge, and thus unveil a novel pathway of the metabolic regulation of fertility by the melanocortin system.
Probing the force-from-lipid mechanism with synthetic polymers
Authors: Jacobs Miranda L , Steinkühler Jan , Lemley Audra , Larmore Megan J , Gunnels Taylor F , Ng Leo CT , Cologna Stephanie M , DeCaen Paul G , Kamat Neha P
Published: January 2025

A central feature of mechanotransduction is the ability of mechanosensitive channels to respond to mechanical stimuli from the surrounding lipid bilayer. Accordingly, the mechanical properties of membranes should play an important role in modulating force transmission to embedded channels, yet the nature of this relationship remains unclear for a wide class of mechanosensitive channels across prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Here, we use a synthetic amphiphile to modulate the membrane mechanical properties of cell-derived vesicles and probe channel activation. Using precise membrane mechanical characterization approaches that have rarely been used in conjunction with electrophysiology techniques, we directly characterize three membrane properties and the activation threshold of the
E. coli
mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL). Our study reveals that decreases in the membrane area expansion modulus, K
A
, and bending rigidity, k
c
, correlate with increases in the pressure required to activate MscL and that this effect is reproducible with the mammalian channel, TREK-1. MD simulations demonstrate that polymer-mediated changes in interfacial tension is the best mechanism to describe these experimental results. Together, our results bolster the
force-from-lipids
mechanism by demonstrating the generality of the relationship between changes in specific membrane mechanical properties and the gating pressure of MscL and TREK-1. In addition, our results reveal the mechanical mechanism by which membrane amphiphiles alter the activity and sensitivity of mechanosensitive channels through changes in long-range force transmission.
Transdiagnostic compulsivity is associated with reduced reminder setting, only partially attributable to overconfidence
Authors: Boldt Annika , Fox Celine A , Gillan Claire M , Gilbert Sam
Published: January 2025

In the current study, we explored the behavioural and cognitive correlates of the transdiagnostic trait ‘compulsive behaviour and intrusive thought’ (CIT). CIT is associated with impaired metacognition, which in turn has been associated with cognitive offloading behaviours such as external reminder-setting that play a key role in fulfilling cognitive goals. In an online study (N=600) we investigated individual differences in compulsivity, metacognition, and external reminder-usage. Compulsive individuals had reduced preference for external reminders. This was partially, but not fully, attributable to their relative overconfidence. In contrast to previous studies, we found no evidence for an impaired confidence-action link: compulsive individuals used their metacognition to guide offloading just as much as their noncompulsive counterparts. Given the compensatory nature of cognitive offloading, our findings imply that compulsive individuals are at increased risk of inadequate external memory support. Along with transdiagnostic variation in the general population, this finding could also have implications for clinical conditions, such as OCD.
Mapping vascular network architecture in primate brain using ferumoxytol-weighted laminar MRI
Authors: Autio Joonas A , Kimura Ikko , Ose Takayuki , Matsumoto Yuki , Ohno Masahiro , Urushibata Yuta , Ikeda Takuro , Glasser Matthew F , Van Essen David C , Hayashi Takuya
Published: January 2025

Mapping the vascular organization of the brain is of great importance across various domains of basic neuroimaging research, diagnostic radiology, and neurology. However, the intricate task of precisely mapping vasculature across brain regions and cortical layers presents formidable challenges, resulting in a limited understanding of neurometabolic factors influencing the brain’s microvasculature. Addressing this gap, our study investigates whole-brain vascular volume using ferumoxytol-weighted laminar-resolution multi-echo gradient-echo imaging in macaque monkeys. We validate the results with published data for vascular densities and compare them with cytoarchitecture, neuron and synaptic densities. The ferumoxytol-induced change in transverse relaxation rate (ΔR
2
*), an indirect proxy measure of cerebral blood volume (CBV), was mapped onto twelve equivolumetric laminar cortical surfaces. Our findings reveal that CBV varies 3-fold across the brain, with the highest vascular volume observed in the inferior colliculus and lowest in the corpus callosum. In the cerebral cortex, CBV is notably high in early primary sensory areas and low in association areas responsible for higher cognitive functions. Classification of CBV into distinct groups unveils extensive replication of translaminar vascular network motifs, suggesting distinct computational energy supply requirements in areas with varying cytoarchitecture types. Regionally, baseline R
2
* and CBV exhibit positive correlations with neuron density and negative correlations with receptor densities. Adjusting image resolution based on the critical sampling frequency of penetrating cortical vessels allows us to delineate approximately 30% of the arterial-venous vessels. Collectively, these results mark significant methodological and conceptual advancements, contributing to the refinement of cerebrovascular MRI. Furthermore, our study establishes a linkage between neurometabolic factors and the vascular network architecture in the primate brain.
Beyond exceptionalism
Authors: Conolly Joffy , Abraham Getahun Yacob , Bergersen Ane , Bratland Kari , Jæger Kirsten , Jensen Annie Aarup , Lassen Inger
Published: January 2025

The idea of Nordic countries as benevolent, egalitarian nations largely innocent of colonialism, is increasingly challenged by researchers. Yet, there is still reluctance within Nordic education systems to properly examine issues of coloniality, race, and white privilege. In this conceptual paper we first draw on research from Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden to deconstruct the notion of Nordic exceptionalism. We highlight a shared history of colonial complicity and ongoing coloniality towards Indigenous and minoritised groups. We also show that the Nordic emphasis on societal equality is based on a narrative of cohesion, an imagined sameness, that increasingly fails to reflect their diverse populations. This egalitarian ideology results in colour-blindness in society and an unwillingness to acknowledge or confront issues of race, white supremacy, or inequality for fear of disturbing the equilibrium.
Using decolonial theory, we then suggest that within education, Nordic exceptionalism has led to a singular historical narrative and attempts to assimilate minoritised groups, in the process valorising Western epistemology. Educators either dismiss, or are ignorant of, what Quijano (2000) terms the colonial matrix of power: the system of Western domination that continues to normalise epistemic violence and devalue other knowledges and perspectives. Educators prefer to protect white sensitivities rather than allow critical discussion and uncomfortable questions of coloniality. We demonstrate that Nordic education needs to decolonise itself, but that this cannot be achieved until it overcomes a discomfort with difference that prevents alternative knowledges and practices from being valued or adopted. We conclude with some thoughts on how to begin this process.
Assessment the Storage Stability of Ready-to-Drink Beverage Prepared from Noni and Kokum Extract
Authors: Patil Prasad , K S Thippanna , S L Jagadeesh , G Bhuvaneshwari , D L Rudresh , Kamble Arunkumar
Published: January 2025

The noni extract was blended with kokum extract in varying proportions to enhance the color, flavor, and sensory qualities of a ready-to-drink blended beverage, while also masking the pungent smell of noni. Beverages containing 12.5 and 15% pulp, 15 ° Brix TSS, and 0.30% acidity were prepared with cumin and black pepper oleoresins added at 20 µl and 13 µl, respectively. These were filled into pre-sterilized 200 ml glass bottles, heat-processed, and stored for up to three months under ambient conditions (18-35°C). Chemical analyses and sensory evaluations of the RTD beverages were conducted at 15-day intervals over 90 days of storage. Minimal changes were observed in quality parameters such as TSS, titratable acidity, and ascorbic acid content during storage. However, the colour index, as determined by Hunter’s L*, a*, and b* values, and total phenol content decreased over the 90 days. The organoleptic quality score was highest for the noni-kokum blended beverage T5 (60% NE: 40% KE) at 7.84 after 90 days of storage. The results indicate that increasing the concentration of kokum extract enhances the acceptability of the beverages.
Hospitalizations and Deaths from External Causes in Elderly Residents in The Municipality of Belém-PA, Brazil
Authors: Rosa Jhenniffer Erika da Costa , Gama Elizeu Rafael Ferreira , Mendonça Letícia de Amorim , Sousa Bruna Rafaela da Silva , Oliveira Letícia Lima , Santos Felipe Valino dos , Santos Antônia Lyandra Jesus dos , Pantoja Bianca Abreu , Araújo Cyntia Torres de , Costa Diogo Farias , Ribeiro Fabiola Caroline Nunes dos Santos , Bacelar Gabriel Miranda , Pantoja Iara do Nascimento , Wanzeler Igor Florenzano , Franco Isabelle Soria Galvarro , Bittencourt Jhessica Harlen Sanches , Marinho João Victor Pina , Costa Jorge Augusto Pinheiro da , Silva Liedsl Lye de Oliveira , Simões Marina Arouck Gabriel , Sousa Maylane Cristina Barros , Araújo Mirella Maria Ribeiro , Rocha Waleska Raisa Santos da , Vale Camila Carvalho do
Published: January 2025

Objetives: To investigate mortality and hospitalization due to external causes in elderly residents in the municipality of Belém - PA, between 2019 and 2023.
Study Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach based on secondary data.
Methodology: The study was carried out in the municipality of Belém, which is located in the state of Pará, in the northern region of the country, and has an area of 1,059.466 km². It has a population of 1,506,420 inhabitants, 53.3% of whom are women and 46.7% men. The study is based on secondary data available from the Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS) and the Mortality Information System (SIM/SUS) of the Unified Health System, provided by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). The data collected were from hospitalizations and deaths in the municipality of Belém, from January 2019 to December 2023, as these are the last five years with consolidated data in the system.
Results: The profile of the study population was characterized by females (61.3%), aged between 60 and 69 (47.2%), self-declared black/brown (59.5%), admitted as an emergency (89.3%).
Conclusion: The current study showed that in Belém the individuals most affected by external causes are women aged between 60 and 69. In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of hospitalizations stagnated in 2020. As a suggestion, it is hoped that more research will be carried out into the health of the elderly, as a way of encouraging the development of strategies to mitigate the impacts of ageing.
Construction of an Experimental Device for Military Communication Using Binary Amplitude Shift Keying
Authors: Vu Nguyen Van , Giang Le Ngoc
Published: January 2025

Aims: To address the core requirement for military communication systems—ensuring "timely, accurate, confidential, and secure" communication—this study aims to overcome the limitations of traditional amplitude modulation (AM) methods by developing a modern experimental device using Binary Amplitude Shift Keying (BASK) modulation.
Study Design: Traditional military communication systems rely on AM modulation due to its simplicity and ease of implementation. However, AM is susceptible to noise, suitable only for long-wave transmissions (e.g., AM radio), and struggles to integrate with modern technologies like 4G and 5G. To address these challenges, this study explores the mathematical foundation and system design of BASK modulation and demodulation.
Methodology: The research investigates the mathematical principles of BASK, designs the system architecture for BASK modulation and demodulation, and develops an experimental device to validate the performance of the BASK-based communication model.
Results: The study successfully developed an experimental device that demonstrates the feasibility of using BASK modulation for military communication. The device provides a platform for practical testing and verification of the BASK model, laying the groundwork for further advancements.
Conclusion: This research provides a foundation for modernizing military communication devices. By overcoming the limitations of traditional methods and facilitating the integration of advanced technologies, the proposed device meets the stringent requirements of military environments.
Impact of Dietary Inclusion of Rice Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) on Hematological Parameters of Commercial Broiler Chicks
Authors: Ugale Gaurav , Neeraj  , Pandey Ramesh , Singh Ram Pal , Singh Anand Kumar , Kumari Nutan
Published: January 2025

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of dietary inclusion of rice-derived distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on the hematological parameters of commercial broiler chicks. A total of 2250 day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to treatment groups, each with five replicates. The birds in the control group were fed a basal diet fulfilled with the all nutrient requirements. The experimental diets contained rice DDGS at inclusion levels up to 16 per cent, respectively. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected from one bird per replicate for hematological analysis. The results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in red blood cell (RBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin levels between the control and DDGS-treated groups, although the numerical differences were minimal. Non-significant differences (P>0.05) in white blood cell (WBC) count and differential leukocyte counts between the control and DDGS-treated groups were observed. These findings revealed that the inclusion of rice DDGS up to 16% in broiler diets does not negatively affect key hematological indices. It was concluded that rice DDGS can be incorporated into broiler diets at inclusion levels up to 16% without adverse effects on hematological parameters.
Rich Man, Poor Man
Authors: Engl Rob , Cook Martin , Bradley-Lovekin Thomas , Crone Anne , Gallagher Dennis , Haggarty George , Hall Derek , Ives Rachel , Johnson Alexandra , McLaren Dawn , Robertson Jackaline , Willmott Hugh , Walton-Rogers Penelope
Published: January 2025

In 2013 excavation works were undertaken at the location of the former Canongate Charity Poorhouse (or workhouse) on the New Waverley development site, at the junction of Calton Road and Old Tolbooth Wynd, Canongate, Edinburgh. The excavation revealed development of the site from the initial cultivation of the ‘backlands’ in the 12th/13th centuries to the construction of the Poorhouse in 1761.
A sequence of buried garden soils/middens relating to pre-18th-century activity was recorded, in addition to the remains of a single burgage plot boundary and associated rig and furrow deposits. Substantial structural features related to the 18th-century Poorhouse were revealed, including sandstone walls with wooden plank and pinion foundation rafting. Seven burials of probable late 17th-/early 18th-century date associated with the Canongate Kirk were recorded along the site’s southern boundary (an eighth had been encountered in 1997).
A rich artefact and ecofact assemblage was recovered from the soils and midden deposits, including imported fine glassware. The ceramic assemblage included Scottish White Gritty Ware (SWGW), Scottish Post-medieval Reduced Ware (SPMRW) and Scottish Post-medieval Oxidised Ware (SPMOW), together with high-status imported material such as a Spanish gaming piece and a rare German stove tile.
Consumption patterns revealed by the artefact evidence appear to reflect the high status of the Canongate’s inhabitants prior to the greater development of the site during the 18th century. The creation of the Poorhouse stands in stark contrast to this, revealing the changing fortunes of this part of post-medieval Edinburgh.
Discussion
Authors: Rob Engl
Published: January 2025

In 2013 excavation works were undertaken at the location of the former Canongate Charity Poorhouse (or workhouse) on the New Waverley development site, at the junction of Calton Road and Old Tolbooth Wynd, Canongate, Edinburgh. The excavation revealed development of the site from the initial cultivation of the ‘backlands’ in the 12th/13th centuries to the construction of the Poorhouse in 1761.
A sequence of buried garden soils/middens relating to pre-18th-century activity was recorded, in addition to the remains of a single burgage plot boundary and associated rig and furrow deposits. Substantial structural features related to the 18th-century Poorhouse were revealed, including sandstone walls with wooden plank and pinion foundation rafting. Seven burials of probable late 17th-/early 18th-century date associated with the Canongate Kirk were recorded along the site’s southern boundary (an eighth had been encountered in 1997).
A rich artefact and ecofact assemblage was recovered from the soils and midden deposits, including imported fine glassware. The ceramic assemblage included Scottish White Gritty Ware (SWGW), Scottish Post-medieval Reduced Ware (SPMRW) and Scottish Post-medieval Oxidised Ware (SPMOW), together with high-status imported material such as a Spanish gaming piece and a rare German stove tile.
Consumption patterns revealed by the artefact evidence appear to reflect the high status of the Canongate’s inhabitants prior to the greater development of the site during the 18th century. The creation of the Poorhouse stands in stark contrast to this, revealing the changing fortunes of this part of post-medieval Edinburgh.
Conclusions
Authors: Rob Engl  , Martin Cook
Published: January 2025

In 2013 excavation works were undertaken at the location of the former Canongate Charity Poorhouse (or workhouse) on the New Waverley development site, at the junction of Calton Road and Old Tolbooth Wynd, Canongate, Edinburgh. The excavation revealed development of the site from the initial cultivation of the ‘backlands’ in the 12th/13th centuries to the construction of the Poorhouse in 1761.
A sequence of buried garden soils/middens relating to pre-18th-century activity was recorded, in addition to the remains of a single burgage plot boundary and associated rig and furrow deposits. Substantial structural features related to the 18th-century Poorhouse were revealed, including sandstone walls with wooden plank and pinion foundation rafting. Seven burials of probable late 17th-/early 18th-century date associated with the Canongate Kirk were recorded along the site’s southern boundary (an eighth had been encountered in 1997).
A rich artefact and ecofact assemblage was recovered from the soils and midden deposits, including imported fine glassware. The ceramic assemblage included Scottish White Gritty Ware (SWGW), Scottish Post-medieval Reduced Ware (SPMRW) and Scottish Post-medieval Oxidised Ware (SPMOW), together with high-status imported material such as a Spanish gaming piece and a rare German stove tile.
Consumption patterns revealed by the artefact evidence appear to reflect the high status of the Canongate’s inhabitants prior to the greater development of the site during the 18th century. The creation of the Poorhouse stands in stark contrast to this, revealing the changing fortunes of this part of post-medieval Edinburgh.
References
Authors: Rob Engl  , Martin Cook
Published: January 2025

In 2013 excavation works were undertaken at the location of the former Canongate Charity Poorhouse (or workhouse) on the New Waverley development site, at the junction of Calton Road and Old Tolbooth Wynd, Canongate, Edinburgh. The excavation revealed development of the site from the initial cultivation of the ‘backlands’ in the 12th/13th centuries to the construction of the Poorhouse in 1761.
A sequence of buried garden soils/middens relating to pre-18th-century activity was recorded, in addition to the remains of a single burgage plot boundary and associated rig and furrow deposits. Substantial structural features related to the 18th-century Poorhouse were revealed, including sandstone walls with wooden plank and pinion foundation rafting. Seven burials of probable late 17th-/early 18th-century date associated with the Canongate Kirk were recorded along the site’s southern boundary (an eighth had been encountered in 1997).
A rich artefact and ecofact assemblage was recovered from the soils and midden deposits, including imported fine glassware. The ceramic assemblage included Scottish White Gritty Ware (SWGW), Scottish Post-medieval Reduced Ware (SPMRW) and Scottish Post-medieval Oxidised Ware (SPMOW), together with high-status imported material such as a Spanish gaming piece and a rare German stove tile.
Consumption patterns revealed by the artefact evidence appear to reflect the high status of the Canongate’s inhabitants prior to the greater development of the site during the 18th century. The creation of the Poorhouse stands in stark contrast to this, revealing the changing fortunes of this part of post-medieval Edinburgh.
US Medical Student Plans to Practice in Underserved Areas
Authors: Dyrbye Liselotte N. , Brushaber Danielle E. , West Colin P.
Published: October 2023

This study explores US medical students’ intent to practice in underserved areas, analyzed by demographic characteristics.
CDK4/6 inhibitors induce breast cancer senescence with enhanced anti‐tumor immunogenic properties compared with DNA‐damaging agents
Authors: Lee Dong Hyun , Imran Muhammad , Choi Jae Ho , Park Yoo Jung , Kim Young Hwa , Min Sunwoo , Park Tae Jun , Choi Yong Won
Published: October 2023

Since therapy‐induced senescence (TIS) can either support or inhibit cancer progression, identifying which types of chemotherapeutic agents can produce the strongest anti‐tumor TIS is an important issue. Here, cyclin‐dependent kinase4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i)‐induced senescence was compared to the TIS induced by conventional DNA‐damaging agents. Despite both types of agents eliciting a similar degree of senescence, we observed increased expression of the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and ligands related to pro‐tumor immunity (IL6, CXCL8, TGFβ, CD274, and CEACAM1) and angiogenesis (VEGFA) mainly in TIS induced by DNA‐damaging agents rather than by CDK4/6i. Additionally, although all agents increased the expression of anti‐tumor immunomodulatory proteins related to antigen presentation (MHC‐I, B2M) and T cell chemokines (CXCL9, 10, 11), CDK4/6i‐induced senescent cells still maintained this expression at a similar or even higher intensity than cells treated with DNA‐damaging agents, despite the absence of nuclear factor‐kappa‐B (NF‐κB) and p53 activation. These data suggest that in contrast with DNA‐damaging agents, which augment the pro‐tumorigenic microenvironment via pro‐inflammatory SASP, CDK4/6i can generate TIS only with antitumor immunomodulatory proteins.
Insular cortex Hounsfield units predict postoperative neurocardiogenic injury in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Jia Yitong , Lin Fa , Li Runting , Chen Yu , Yang Jun , Han Heze , Wang Ke , Yuan Kexin , Zhao Yang , Lu Junlin , Li Tu , Nie Zhaobo , Zhou Yunfan , Shi Guangzhi , Li Youxiang , Zhao Yuanli , Chen Xiaolin , Wang Shuo
Published: October 2023

Objective

Our study aims to investigate the association between the Hounsfield unit (Hu) value of the insular cortex (IC) during emergency admission and the subsequent occurrence of post‐operative neurocardiogenic injury (NCI) among patients afflicted with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).

Methods

Patients baseline characteristics were juxtaposed between those with and without NCI. The significant variables were incorporated into a multivariable stepwise logistic regression model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drafted for each significant variable, yielding cutoff values and the area under the curve (AUC). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the predictive performance across various cohorts and ascertain result stability. Propensity score matching (PSM) was ultimately employed to redress any baseline characteristic disparities.

Results

Patients displaying a right IC Hu value surpassing 28.65 exhibited an escalated risk of postoperative NCI upon confounder adjustment (p < 0.001). The ROC curve eloquently manifested the predictive capacity of right IC Hu in relation to NCI (AUC = 0.650, 95%CI, 0.591–0.709, p < 0.001). Further subgroup analysis revealed significant interactions between right IC Hu and factors such as age, history of heart disease, and Graeb 5–12 score. Sensitivity analysis further upheld the results' significant (p = 0.002). The discrepancy in NCI incidence between the two groups, both prior (p < 0.002) and post (p = 0.039) PSM, exhibited statistical significance. After PSM implementation, the likelihood of NCI displayed an ascending trend with increasing right IC Hu values, from the Hu1 cohort onward, receding post the Hu4 cohort.

Conclusion

This study definitively establishes an elevated right IC Hu value in the early stages of emergency admission as an autonomous predictor for ensuing NCI subsequent to aSAH.
Dynamic Properties of Cellular Glass Aggregate as a Lightweight Material
Authors: Jradi Layal , Seif El Dine Bassel
Published: October 2023

Cellular glass aggregates made from recycled glass are increasingly used in civil engineering and infrastructure applications. However, as this material is relatively new and innovative, it's necessary to obtain a complete mechanical characterization for its usage in the civil engineering field. In this article, the dynamic properties of cellular glass aggregate are investigated with the aid of a large‐scale triaxial apparatus (300 mm diameter and 600 mm height) under cyclic loading. The experimental procedure for building the samples is presented with a brief description of the test setup. A series of cyclic triaxial tests are performed to characterize and evaluate the dynamic properties of the material, which are of interest in the seismic approach (Young's modulus and damping ratio).
Epitaxial Growth of Graphene on SiC by Thermal Shock Annealing Within Seconds
Authors: Han Ye‐Chuang , Yin Shi‐Hao , Zheng Jun‐Rong , Hu Yuan‐Fei , Sun Li , Zhang Li , Tian Zhong‐Qun , Yi Jun
Published: October 2023

The direct epitaxial growth of graphene on semi‐insulating SiC presents significant potential for a variety of technologically important applications, including next‐generation electronics, photonics, and quantum metrology. However, this approach also poses a competitive disadvantage in terms of quality and cost, primarily due to the uncontrollable and time‐consuming nature of the annealing process. Herein, a thermal shock annealing (TSA) method is reported that enables kinetics‐controlled epitaxial growth of graphene on SiC within 10 s, which efficiently fulfills the requirements for producing high‐quality, few‐layer, and low‐cost graphene on SiC. The epitaxial graphene (EG) grown on both β‐SiC nanoparticles (SiC@EG NPs) and centimeter‐scale α‐SiC wafer (EG/SiC) exhibits mono‐ or bi‐layer features with negligible structural defects. Moreover, the findings indicate that the TSA method can efficiently mitigate the persistent issue of step bunching conundrum and improve the flatness of EG/SiC. As an application demonstration, the significant enhancement of surface‐enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) by SiC@EG NPs is exhibited. The graphene plasmon arising on SiC@EG NPs enables SEIRA detection sensitivity of up to a monolayer of p‐nitrobenzenethiol (p‐NTP). Consequently, the precise regulation and comprehensive comprehension of TSA afford an exceedingly desirable approach to produce cost‐effective, high‐quality EG growth on SiC for diverse emerging application scenarios.
A Transformable Supramolecular Bispecific Cell Engager for Augmenting Natural Killer and T Cell‐Based Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Yumiao , Li Wei , Wang Zhongqiu , Yu Yingying , Li Jie , Ding Yinghao , Hu Zhiwen , Liu Qian , Yang Zhimou , Gao Jie
Published: October 2023

Immune cells are pivotal in cancer immunotherapy, yet their therapeutic effectiveness is often hampered by limited tumor infiltration and inhibitory tumor microenvironments. An alkaline phosphatase (ALP)‐responsive and transformable supramolecular bis‐specific cell engager (Supra‐BiCE) to harness natural killer (NK)/T cells for effective cancer immunotherapy is introduced here. The Supra‐BiCE, consisting of both SA‐P (a phosphorylated peptide targeting and blocking programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1)) and SA‐T (a phosphorylated peptide targeting and blocking T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT)) is constructed by a simple co‐assembling strategy. Upon intravenous administration, Supra‐BiCE self‐assembles into nanoribbons and interacts with NK/T cells via TIGIT. Notably, these nanoribbons undergo transformation into long nanofibrils within ALP‐overexpressing tumor regions, resulting in enhanced binding affinities of Supra‐BiCE to both PD‐L1 and TIGIT. Consequently, this leads to the accumulation and retention of NK/T cells within tumor regions. Furthermore, the combinatorial blockade of checkpoints by Supra‐BiCE activates infiltrating NK/T cells. Moreover, the adjustable peptide ratio in Supra‐BiCE enables customization for optimal therapeutic effects against distinct tumor types. Particularly, Supra‐BiCE (T:P = 1:3) achieved 98.27% tumor suppression rate against colon carcinoma model. Overall, this study offers a promising tool for engaging NK and T cells for cancer immunotherapy.
A Janus‐ROS Healing System Promoting Infectious Bone Regeneration via Sono‐Epigenetic Modulation
Authors: Ma Liang , Cheng Yu , Feng Xiaobo , Zhang Xiaoguang , Lei Jie , Wang Hongchuan , Xu Yan , Tong Bide , Zhu Dingchao , Wu Di , Zhou Xingyu , Liang Huaizhen , Zhao Kangcheng , Wang Kun , Tan Lei , Zhao Yanli , Yang Cao
Published: October 2023

Elimination of bacterial infections and simultaneously promoting osteogenic differentiation are highly required for infectious bone diseases. Massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) can damage cells, while low ROS concentrations as a molecular signal can regulate cellular fate. In this study, a Janus‐ROS healing system is developed for infectious bone regeneration. An alendronate (ALN)‐mediated defective metal–organic framework (MOF) sonosensitizer is prepared, which can effectively clear Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections and promote osteogenic differentiation under differential ultrasonic irradiation. In the presence of zirconium–phosphate coordination, the ALN‐mediated porphyrin‐based MOF (HN25) with a proper defect has great sonodynamic antibacterial efficiency (98.97%, 15 min) and bone‐targeting ability. Notably, under low‐power ultrasound irradiation, HN25 can increase the chromatin accessibility of ossification‐related genes and FOXO1 to promote bone repair through low ROS concentrations. Animal models of paravertebral infection, fracture with infection, and osteomyelitis demonstrate that HN25 successfully realizes the targeted and potent repair of various infectious bone tissues through rapid MRSA elimination, inhibiting osteoclast activity and promoting bone regeneration. The results show that high catalytic efficiency and bioactive MOF can be constructed using pharmaceutical‐mediated defect engineering. The Janus‐ROS treatment is also a promising therapeutic mode for infectious tissue regeneration.
Oxygen‐Independent Synchronized ROS Generation and Hypoxia Prodrug Activation with Z‐Scheme Heterostructure Sonosensitizer
Authors: Chen Yining , Zou Tianshu , Xin Gaoying , Liu Xin , Yang Yunan , Wei Liqi , Zhang Biao , Yu Pengcheng , Ren Yiping , Feng Yanlin , Chen Rui , Cao Fangfang , Chen Xiaoyuan , Cheng Yan
Published: October 2023

Combination therapy has emerged as a promising approach for effective tumor treatment. However, the combination of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and hypoxia‐activated prodrugs (HAPs) has not been explored due to the contradictory requirement of oxygen (O2) for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the necessity to avoid O2 for the activation of HAPs. In this study, this challenge is addressed by developing BiOCl‐Au‐Ag2S Z‐scheme heterostructure nanoparticles loaded with tirapazamine (TPZ) to achieve O2‐independent therapy. These nanoparticles demonstrate efficient electron–hole separation under ultrasound irradiation while maintaining a high redox potential. The generated holes react with water to efficiently produce hydroxyl radicals, while the electrons autonomously activate TPZ, negating the need for O2. In vitro and in vivo assessments validate the effective tumor elimination by these Z‐scheme nanoparticles without disrupting the hypoxic environment. This innovative design overcomes the limitations associated with O2 requirement in SDT and introduces a novel strategy for HAP activation and synergistic therapy between ROS and HAPs‐based therapy.
Stable IL‐2 Nano‐Assembly for Improved Anti‐Tumor Effect
Authors: Liu Yudong , Zeng Wenfeng , Na Wenjing , Wei Xiuli , Song Kai , Wang Youwang , Zhu Ping , Wang Hao , Liang Wei
Published: October 2023

Interleukin 2 (IL‐2) is the first approved immune therapeutic drug to treat cancer, however various off‐target effects and intolerable dose‐related toxicities induced by high‐dose intravenous infusion regimens result in a large proportion of patients require dose reduction, preventing the widespread adoption of this treatment. To address these issues, a novel IL‐2 nano‐assembly formulation (nano‐IL‐2) is developed using distearoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine‐n‐[methoxy (polyethylene glycol)‐2000] (PEG2000‐DSPE), which is durably stable due to the high binding affinity (10–8 m level) of two components and hardly induces vascular leak or inflamed injury at the injection site. Besides, nano‐IL‐2 exerts excellent solubility, lymph‐targeting property, prolonged and stable serum IL‐2 concentration ranges, and much lower toxicities compared to commercial formulation. Monotherapy of nano‐IL‐2 shows optimal capability to control the growth of murine melanoma and colon cancer. Collectively, the present study provides a novel design strategy for lymph‐targeting IL‐2 formulation which is more suitable for subcutaneous administration with higher safety concern.
Examining narratives around adverse childhood experiences and social determinants of health in media coverage of substance use in two mid‐western cities
Authors: Treves‐Kagan Sarah , Kennedy Katrina , Carrington Makala
Published: October 2023

Local media narratives play an important role in how people interpret and propose solutions for health issues in their community. This research characterized narratives about adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and/or social determinants of health (SDOH) in media coverage of substance use. Scans covered articles published in the Detroit Free Press and the Cincinnati Enquirer from March 1, 2019 to June 1, 2019 and March 1, 2021 to June 1, 2021. Scans used search terms for opioids and substance use. Included articles were coded and analyzed for narratives about why people use substances, how to prevent substance use, and how ACEs or SDOH relate to substance use. While half of the included articles reported on the overdose epidemic, the most common type of media coverage reported on criminal justice milestones. Other common narratives identified addiction as an illness that should be treated; and over‐prescription of painkillers or the strength of the drugs as causes of substance use disorders. Narratives about SDOH and the primary prevention of ACEs and substance use were limited. Transformational narrative change work can increase support for addressing the root causes of ACEs and substance use. Results suggest this strategy remains largely untapped in the formal media.
Processes for culturally adapting behavioral health interventions for people with refugee backgrounds: A scoping review
Authors: McCleary Jennifer S. , Horn Tonya L.
Published: October 2023

Academic literature supports cultural adaptation (CA) of evidence‐informed interventions to increase accessibility and effectiveness of behavioral health treatment to meet the needs of a culturally diverse society. While several meta‐analyses have shown positive outcomes of CA mental health interventions, there is a need for more information about how theoretical CA models have been applied in practice to meet the cultural and contextual needs of specific groups. This scoping review was conducted to understand how CA models have been applied to adapt evidence‐informed behavioral health interventions for people with refugee backgrounds in resettlement. Eighteen manuscripts were identified and analyzed, resulting in five categories: Reasons for Engaging in CA, Processes of CA, Types of CAs, Resources Needed to Support CA, and Evaluating Adaptation Choices. Only four studies utilized any existing model to guide their adaptation efforts, three of which used CA models. Level of detail regarding CA processes and justification for choices varied considerably among articles. Significant gaps were identified, posing challenges for replication. Although articles reported that adapted interventions were effective, it is unclear which, if any, CA choices contributed to the successful outcomes. Findings indicate a need for emphasis on clear and thorough documentation of CA processes and more rigorous assessment of the impact of adaptation choices.
Alzheimer's polygenic risk scores are associated with cognitive phenotypes in Down syndrome
Authors: Gorijala Priyanka , Aslam M. Muaaz , Dang Lam‐Ha T. , Xicota L. , Fernandez Maria V. , Sung Yun Ju , Fan Kang‐Hsien , Feingold Eleanor , Surace Ezequiel I. , Chhatwal Jasmeer P , Hom Christy L. ,   Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN), the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI),   the NIA‐LOAD family study, for the Alzheimer's Biomarkers Consortium–Down Syndrome (ABC‐DS) Investigators, Hartley Sigan L. , Hassenstab Jason , Perrin Richard J. , Mapstone Mark , Zaman Shahid H , Ances Beau M , Kamboh M. Ilyas , Lee Joseph H , Cruchaga Carlos
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION

This study aimed to investigate the influence of the overall Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetic architecture on Down syndrome (DS) status, cognitive measures, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers.

METHODS

AD polygenic risk scores (PRS) were tested for association with DS‐related traits.

RESULTS

The AD risk PRS was associated with disease status in several cohorts of sporadic late‐ and early‐onset and familial late‐onset AD, but not in familial early‐onset AD or DS. On the other hand, lower DS Mental Status Examination memory scores were associated with higher PRS, independent of intellectual disability and APOE (PRS including APOE, PRSAPOE, p = 2.84 × 10−4; PRS excluding APOE, PRSnonAPOE, p = 1.60 × 10−2). PRSAPOE exhibited significant associations with Aβ42, tTau, pTau, and Aβ42/40 ratio in DS.

DISCUSSION

These data indicate that the AD genetic architecture influences cognitive and CSF phenotypes in DS adults, supporting common pathways that influence memory decline in both traits.

Highlights

Examination of the polygenic risk of AD in DS presented here is the first of its kind.

AD PRS influences memory aspects in DS individuals, independently of APOE genotype.

These results point to an overlap between the genes and pathways that leads to AD and those that influence dementia and memory decline in the DS population.

APOE ε4 is linked to DS cognitive decline, expanding cognitive insights in adults.
Fabrication and characterization of 3D printable nanocomposite filament based on cellulose nanocrystals and polylactic acid using ionic liquids
Authors: Haron Gamal Abdalla Suliman , Mahmood Hamayoun , Noh Hilmi Bin , Moniruzzaman Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Nanocellulose, which is biodegradable and possesses excellent physicochemical properties, has high potential in many applications. However, its intrinsic hydrophilic nature makes it difficult to be used as fillers in most hydrophobic polymer composites. Here, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully prepared using 1‐hexly‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [Hmim][HSO4] ionic liquid under optimized conditions at 71°C, ultra‐sonication amplitude of 69%, and ultrasonication time of 23 min. The prepared CNCs were surface‐modified using 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [Bmim][BF4]. A 3D printable nanocomposite filament containing CNCs embedded in polylactic acid was fabricated via extrusion process at 170°C. The prepared filaments were characterized using universal testing machine, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and FTIR. It was shown that CNCs had a diameter and length of 10–24 and 60–400 nm, respectively. It was also found that incorporating 2 wt% of CNCs into the matrix phase increased filaments tensile strength by 2.5% (from 54.59 to 57.35 MPa) due to the plasticization effect of [Bmim][BF4]. The prepared composites exhibited lower activation energies compared to neat PLA due to the small traces of sulfate group on F‐CNC. The mechanical attributes of CNCs/PLA nanocomposites were retained at values comparable to that of fresh PLA and were demonstrated to be 3D printable.
Biology, distribution, and management of invasive South American tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera; Gelechiidae), in Asia
Authors: Acharya Rajendra , Barman Apurba K. , Sharma Sushant R. , Kafle Lekhnath , Kim Sang‐Mok , Lee Kyeong‐Yeoll
Published: October 2023

South American tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is native to South America, but is a major invasive and quarantine pest species in Europe, Africa, and Asia. It causes extensive damage of up to 100% yield loss in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) in open and greenhouse conditions. Since its first invasion in Spain in 2006, it has spread rapidly into many countries in the Mediterranean and Western Europe and further invaded Africa and Asia. In Asia, it was first recorded in August 2009 in Turkey and spread to most South and East Asian countries. In this study, we reviewed existing work on the biology and distribution of T. absoluta in Asia, as well as the damage it causes. This review will help to develop efficient management tactics as well as establish quarantine and phytosanitary precautions in uninvaded countries.
Chemical substances and their activities in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: A review
Authors: Lu Chang , Wang Xueyu , Ma Jiahui , Wang Mengtong , Liu Wei , Wang Guangyue , Ding Yuling , Lin Zhe , Li Yong
Published: October 2023

Apostichopus japonicus, also known as Stichopus japonicus, with medicinal and food homologous figures, is a globally recognized precious ingredient with extremely high nutritional value. There is no relevant review available through literature search, so this article selects the research articles through the keywords “sea cucumber” and “Apostichopus japonicus (Stichopus japonicus)” in six professional databases, such as Wiley, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ACS, Springer, and Web of Science, from 2000 to the present, summarizing the extraction, isolation, and purification methods for the four major categories (polysaccharides, proteins and peptides, saponins, and other components) of the A. japonicus chemical substances and 10 effective biological activities of A. japonicus. Included are anticoagulation, anticancer/antitumor activities, hematopoiesis, regulation of gut microbiota, and immune regulatory activities that correspond to traditional efficacy. Literature support is provided for the development of medicines and functional foods and related aspects that play a leading role in future directions.
Decentralized control for discrete‐time mean‐field systems with multiple controllers of delayed information
Authors: Qi Qingyuan , Liu Zhiqiang , Zhang Qianqian , Lv Xinbei
Published: October 2023

In this paper, the finite horizon asymmetric information linear quadratic (LQ) control problem is investigated for a discrete‐time mean field system. Different from previous works, multiple controllers with different information sets are involved in the mean field system dynamics. The coupling of different controllers makes it quite difficult in finding the optimal control strategy. Fortunately, by applying the Pontryagin's maximum principle, the corresponding decentralized control problem of the finite horizon is investigated. The contributions of this paper can be concluded as follows: For the first time, based on the solution of a group of mean‐field forward and backward stochastic difference equations (MF‐FBSDEs), the necessary and sufficient solvability conditions are derived for the asymmetric information LQ control for the mean field system with multiple controllers. Furthermore, by the use of an innovative orthogonal decomposition approach, the optimal decentralized control strategy is derived, which is based on the solution to a non‐symmetric Riccati‐type equation.
Zur Kenntnis des Siliciummonoxyds. I. Mitteilung. Die Abscheidungsformen des Siliciummonoxyds aus der Dampfphase
Authors: Grube G. , Speidel H.
Published: October 2023

Bei der Verflüchtigung eines stöchiometrischen Gemenges von Silicium und Siliciumdioxyd werden zwei verschiedene Substanzen niedergeschlagen. Durch chemische Analyse und durch Röntgenuntersuchungen wird fest‐gestellt, daβ das gewonnene braune Produkt ein disproportioniertes Gemenge von Silicium und Siliciumdioxyd darstellt. Das zweite Produkt, eine schwarze glasartige Substanz, ist amorphes Siliciummonoxyd.