bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First Order Decision Diagrams for Relational MDPs
Authors: Wang C. , Joshi S. , Khardon R.
Published: July 2018

Markov decision processes capture sequential decision making under uncertainty, where an agent must choose actions so as to optimize long term reward. The paper studies efficient reasoning mechanisms for Relational Markov Decision Processes (RMDP) where world states have an internal relational structure that can be naturally described in terms of objects and relations among them. Two contributions are presented. First, the paper develops First Order Decision Diagrams (FODD), a new compact representation for functions over relational structures, together with a set of operators to combine FODDs, and novel reduction techniques to keep the representation small. Second, the paper shows how FODDs can be used to develop solutions for RMDPs, where reasoning is performed at the abstract level and the resulting optimal policy is independent of domain size (number of objects) or instantiation. In particular, a variant of the value iteration algorithm is developed by using special operations over FODDs, and the algorithm is shown to converge to the optimal policy.
New Islands of Tractability of Cost-Optimal Planning
Authors: Katz M. , Domshlak C.
Published: July 2018

We study the complexity of cost-optimal classical planning over propositional state variables and unary-effect actions. We discover novel problem fragments for which such optimization is tractable, and identify certain conditions that differentiate between tractable and intractable problems. These results are based on exploiting both structural and syntactic characteristics of planning problems. Specifically, following Brafman and Domshlak (2003), we relate the complexity of planning and the topology of the causal graph. The main results correspond to tractability of cost-optimal planning for propositional problems with polytree causal graphs that either have O(1)-bounded in-degree, or are induced by actions having at most one prevail condition each. Almost all our tractability results are based on a constructive proof technique that connects between certain tools from planning and tractable constraint optimization, and we believe this technique is of interest on its own due to a clear evidence for its robustness.
On the Qualitative Comparison of Decisions Having Positive and Negative Features
Authors: Dubois D. , Fargier H. , Bonnefon J.
Published: July 2018

Making a decision is often a matter of listing and comparing positive and negative arguments. In such cases, the evaluation scale for decisions should be considered bipolar, that is, negative and positive values should be explicitly distinguished. That is what is done, for example, in Cumulative Prospect Theory. However, contraryto the latter framework that presupposes genuine numerical assessments, human agents often decide on the basis of an ordinal ranking of the pros and the cons, and by focusing on the most salient arguments. In other terms, the decision process is qualitative as well as bipolar. In this article, based on a bipolar extension of possibility theory, we define and axiomatically characterize several decision rules tailored for the joint handling of positive and negative arguments in an ordinal setting. The simplest rules can be viewed as extensions of the maximin and maximax criteria to the bipolar case, and consequently suffer from poor decisive power. More decisive rules that refine the former are also proposed. These refinements agree both with principles of efficiency and with the spirit of order-of-magnitude reasoning, that prevails in qualitative decision theory. The most refined decision rule uses leximin rankings of the pros and the cons, and the ideas of counting arguments of equal strength and cancelling pros by cons. It is shown to come down to a special case of Cumulative Prospect Theory, and to subsume the ``Take the Best'' heuristic studied by cognitive psychologists.
On Similarities between Inference in Game Theory and Machine Learning
Authors: Rezek I. , Leslie D. S. , Reece S. , Roberts S. J. , Rogers A. , Dash R. K. , Jennings N. R.
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we elucidate the equivalence between inference in game theory and machine learning. Our aim in so doing is to establish an equivalent vocabulary between the two domains so as to facilitate developments at the intersection of both ﬁelds, and as proof of the usefulness of this approach, we use recent developments in each ﬁeld to make useful improvements to the other. More speciﬁcally, we consider the analogies between smooth best responses in ﬁctitious play and Bayesian inference methods. Initially, we use these insights to develop and demonstrate an improved algorithm for learning in games based on probabilistic moderation. That is, by integrating over the distribution of opponent strategies (a Bayesian approach within machine learning) rather than taking a simple empirical average (the approach used in standard ﬁctitious play) we derive a novel moderated ﬁctitious play algorithm and show that it is more likely than standard ﬁctitious play to converge to a payoff-dominant but risk-dominated Nash equilibrium in a simple coordination game. Furthermore we consider the converse case, and show how insights from game theory can be used to derive two improved mean ﬁeld variational learning algorithms. We ﬁrst show that the standard update rule of mean ﬁeld variational learning is analogous to a Cournot adjustment within game theory. By analogy with ﬁctitious play, we then suggest an improved update rule, and show that this results in ﬁctitious variational play, an improved mean ﬁeld variational learning algorithm that exhibits better convergence in highly or strongly connected graphical models. Second, we use a recent advance in ﬁctitious play, namely dynamic ﬁctitious play, to derive a derivative action variational learning algorithm, that exhibits superior convergence properties on a canonical machine learning problem (clustering a mixture distribution).
A Unifying Framework for Structural Properties of CSPs: Definitions, Complexity, Tractability
Authors: Bordeaux L. , Cadoli M. , Mancini T.
Published: July 2018

Literature on Constraint Satisfaction exhibits the definition of several ``structural'' properties that can be possessed by CSPs, like (in)consistency, substitutability or interchangeability.
Current tools for constraint solving typically detect such properties efficiently by means of incomplete yet effective algorithms, and use them to reduce the search space and boost search.

In this paper, we provide a unifying framework encompassing most of the properties known so far, both in CSP and other fields' literature, and shed light on the semantical relationships among them.
This gives a unified and comprehensive view of the topic, allows new, unknown, properties to emerge, and clarifies the computational complexity of the various detection problems.

In particular, among the others, two new concepts, fixability and removability emerge, that come out to be the ideal characterisations of values that may be safely assigned or removed from a variable's domain, while preserving problem satisfiability.
These two notions subsume a large number of known properties, including
inconsistency, substitutability and others.

Because of the computational intractability of all the property-detection problems, by following the CSP approach we then determine a number of relaxations which provide sufficient conditions for their tractability. In particular, we exploit forms of language restrictions and local reasoning.
Completeness and Performance Of The APO Algorithm
Authors: Grinshpoun T. , Meisels A.
Published: July 2018

Asynchronous Partial Overlay (APO) is a search algorithm that uses cooperative mediation to solve Distributed Constraint Satisfaction Problems (DisCSPs). The algorithm partitions the search into different subproblems of the DisCSP. The original proof of completeness of the APO algorithm is based on the growth of the size of the subproblems. The present paper demonstrates that this expected growth of subproblems does not occur in some situations, leading to a termination problem of the algorithm. The problematic parts in the APO algorithm that interfere with its completeness are identified and necessary modifications to the algorithm that fix these problematic parts are given. The resulting version of the algorithm, Complete Asynchronous Partial Overlay (CompAPO), ensures its completeness. Formal proofs for the soundness and completeness of CompAPO are given. A detailed performance evaluation of CompAPO comparing it to other DisCSP algorithms is presented, along with an extensive experimental evaluation of the algorithms unique behavior. Additionally, an optimization version of the algorithm, CompOptAPO, is presented, discussed, and evaluated.
Efficient Informative Sensing using Multiple Robots
Authors: Singh A. , Krause A. , Guestrin C. , Kaiser W. J.
Published: July 2018

The need for efficient monitoring of spatio-temporal dynamics in large environmental applications, such as the water quality monitoring in rivers and lakes, motivates the use of robotic sensors in order to achieve sufficient spatial coverage. Typically, these robots have bounded resources, such as limited battery or limited amounts of time to obtain measurements. Thus, careful coordination of their paths is required in order to maximize the amount of information collected, while respecting the resource constraints. In this paper, we present an efficient approach for near-optimally solving the NP-hard optimization problem of planning such informative paths. In particular, we first develop eSIP (efficient Single-robot Informative Path planning), an approximation algorithm for optimizing the path of a single robot. Hereby, we use a Gaussian Process to model the underlying phenomenon, and use the mutual information between the visited locations and remainder of the space to quantify the amount of information collected. We prove that the mutual information collected using paths obtained by using eSIP is close to the information obtained by an optimal solution. We then provide a general technique, sequential allocation, which can be used to extend any single robot planning algorithm, such as eSIP, for the multi-robot problem. This procedure approximately generalizes any guarantees for the single-robot problem to the multi-robot case. We extensively evaluate the effectiveness of our approach on several experiments performed in-field for two important environmental sensing applications, lake and river monitoring, and simulation experiments performed using several real world sensor network data sets.
The Latent Relation Mapping Engine: Algorithm and Experiments
Authors: Turney P. D.
Published: July 2018

Many AI researchers and cognitive scientists have argued that analogy is the core of cognition. The most influential work on computational modeling of analogy-making is Structure Mapping Theory (SMT) and its implementation in the Structure Mapping Engine (SME). A limitation of SME is the requirement for complex hand-coded representations. We introduce the Latent Relation Mapping Engine (LRME), which combines ideas from SME and Latent Relational Analysis (LRA) in order to remove the requirement for hand-coded representations. LRME builds analogical mappings between lists of words, using a large corpus of raw text to automatically discover the semantic relations among the words. We evaluate LRME on a set of twenty analogical mapping problems, ten based on scientific analogies and ten based on common metaphors. LRME achieves human-level performance on the twenty problems. We compare LRME with a variety of alternative approaches and find that they are not able to reach the same level of performance.
Assessment of historic stone arch bridge characterisation: experiments and numerical model
Authors: Mai Khai Quang , Lee Sung-Min , Lee Kihak
Published: July 2018

The importance of historic stone arch bridges in Korea is based on their very long period of use and their ability to change the landscape. The inherent variations in a bridge's constituent materials, its deterioration over time and other types of damage directly affect the structural response of these heritage structures. In order to characterise the structural components and behaviour of a masonry arch bridge in Korea, a series of full-scale experiments including dynamic measurements, non-destructive tests and advanced geomatics techniques were conducted. Three-dimensional (3D) models of Hongye-gyo Bridge were created using commercial finite-element (FE) software and various modifications were also made to enhance the computer model. Using experimental and numerical results obtained with advanced technologies, a rational definition of the material properties and structural geometry was simulated with a 3D FE model. It was found that, despite the complexity of masonry stone arch bridges, reasonable assumptions of material properties and the friction angle between the voussoir's interfaces enable a good prediction of a bridges’ actual performance with a margin of 12%.
Influence of both hardfaced and nitrided layers on the durability of hot forging tools
Authors: Gronostajski Zbigniew , Widomski Paweł , Kaszuba Marcin , Zwierzchowski Maciej , Hawryluk Marek
Published: July 2018

This paper presents the results of preliminary operational tests of forging dies made with a new hybrid technology combining the self-shielded arc surfacing (hardfacing) and gas nitriding operations. Heat-treated and nitrided tools as well as hardfaced tools were tested as a reference. Dies were used for a similar number of forging cycles and then withdrawn from production and analyzed. Analysis covered the measurement of wear geometry using a three-dimensional scanner, macroscopic tests, microstructure study, microhardness analysis and observations under scanning electron microscopy. Test results indicate a beneficial effect of the new technology’s application, since elevated resistance to fatigue cracking and abrasive wear was demonstrated. Results were compared with reference tools prepared by only hardfacing or only nitriding, which were less resistatnt, of which nitriding brought more resistance to wear than hardfacing. These preliminary studies justify further studies leading to the development of this new technology for surface layer treatment of forging tools by hardfacing combined with nitriding.
An outline to futureproofing cities with ten immediate steps
Authors: Wilson Barry D.
Published: July 2018

It's time to accept the fact that the world is changing very, very fast. Technology, business and social structures are rapidly evolving to meet new challenges. However, cities are slow to respond. They take time to plan, finance and construct. By the time they are built they are already out of date. In fact, using past metrics to plan future development, which continues to be the standard practice, is appearing to be a redundant model and proving to be very costly. This paper identifies ten key areas where governments, planners, investors and the individuals responsible for shaping cities, can refocus their priorities and funding in order to more effectively utilise both the limited financial and natural resources available. Entering a period of massive disruption, a paradigm shift is urgently required in the means of conceiving, delivering and managing city development.
Significantly Lower Rates of Kidney Transplantation among Candidates Listed with the Veterans Administration: A National and Local Comparison
Authors: Augustine Joshua J. , Arrigain Susana , Balabhadrapatruni Krishna , Desai Niraj , Schold Jesse D.
Published: July 2018

Background

The process for evaluating kidney transplant candidates and applicable centers is distinct for patients with Veterans Administration (VA) coverage. We compared transplant rates between candidates on the kidney waiting list with VA coverage and those with other primary insurance.

Methods

Using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database, we obtained data for all adult patients in the United States listed for a primary solitary kidney transplant between January 2004 and August 2016. Of 302,457 patients analyzed, 3663 had VA primary insurance coverage.

Results

VA patients had a much greater median distance to their transplant center than those with other insurance had (282 versus 22 miles). In an adjusted Cox model, compared with private pay and Medicare patients, VA patients had a hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for time to transplant of 0.72 (0.68 to 0.76) and 0.85 (0.81 to 0.90), respectively, and lower rates for living and deceased donor transplants. In a model comparing VA transplant rates with rates from four local non-VA competing centers in the same donor service areas, lower transplant rates for VA patients than for privately insured patients persisted (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.65 to 0.79) despite similar adjusted mortality rates. Transplant rates for VA patients were similar to those of Medicare patients locally, although Medicare patients were more likely to die or be delisted after waitlist placement.

Conclusions

After successful listing, VA kidney transplant candidates appear to have persistent barriers to transplant. Further contemporary analyses are needed to account for variables that contribute to such differential transplant rates.
Structural Basis of Highly Specific Interaction between Nephrin and MAGI1 in Slit Diaphragm Assembly and Signaling
Authors: Weng Zhuangfeng , Shang Yuan , Ji Zeyang , Ye Fei , Lin Lin , Zhang Rongguang , Zhu Jinwei
Published: July 2018

Background

The slit diaphragm is a specialized adhesion junction between opposing podocytes, establishing the final filtration barrier that prevents passage of proteins from the capillary lumen into the urinary space. Nephrin, the key structural and signaling adhesion molecule expressed in the slit diaphragm, contains an evolutionally conserved, atypical PDZ-binding motif (PBM) reported to bind to a variety of proteins in the slit diaphragm. Several mutations in NPHS1 (the gene encoding nephrin) that result in nephrin lacking an intact PBM are associated with glomerular diseases. However, the molecular basis of nephrin-PBM–mediated protein complexes is still unclear.

Methods

Using a combination of biochemic, biophysic, and cell biologic approaches, we systematically investigated the interactions between nephrin-PBM and PDZ domain–containing proteins in the slit diaphragm.

Results

We found that nephrin-PBM specifically binds to one member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase family of scaffolding proteins, MAGI1, but not to another, MAGI2. The complex structure of MAGI1-PDZ3/nephrin-PBM reveals that the Gly at the −3 position of nephrin-PBM is the determining feature for MAGI1-PDZ3 recognition, which sharply contrasts with the typical PDZ/PBM binding mode. A single gain-of-function mutation within MAGI2 enabled nephrin-PBM binding. In addition, using our structural analysis, we developed a highly efficient inhibitory peptide capable of specifically blocking the nephrin/MAGI1 interaction.

Conclusions

MAGI1 interacts with nephrin-PBM with exquisite specificity. A newly developed, potent inhibitory peptide that blocks this interaction may be useful for future functional investigations in vivo. Our findings also provide possible explanations for the diseases caused by NPHS1 mutations.
Assessment of the current state and tendency on diversification of development of the basket of oil products at the oil processing entities of Russia
Authors: Bogdanova V. S.
Published: July 2018

The current state of oil-processing industry is reflected in this article, the main problems of the entities of the Orenburg region are considered. Foreign experience of functioning of the largest world companies is given as comparison and carrying out the detailed analysis (ExxonMobile, Shell, BP, etc.). It is revealed that the production relation at the leading energy industries world companies to conversion is less «1» that speaks about their orientation on high loading and deep conversion while on domestic enterprises this indicator is more than «1». That is the Russian entities are generally export-oriented. Besides, the oil-processing industry of the Orenburg region is characterized by high wearing of fixed assets, low depth of conversion, a high share of «dark» oil products in the total amount of products and as a result – low «light», that is the share products with a high value added is extremely small. In work are developed for liquidation of this imbalance and certain measures, including, measures of tax incentives of release of high-quality (high-octane) products are proposed for implementation. At the same time, at the oil processing entities of the region positive shifts are already distinctly traced: by the leading scientific institutes of the country (CJSC Neftekhimproekt, PJSC Samaraneftekhimproyekt, PJSC NPP Neftekhim, etc.) based on the accumulated domestic and international experience, it is developed and the development program of industries of this industry is implemented, positive dynamics of growth of amounts of oil refining, gradual improvement of quality of the issued motor fuels due to a construction new and upgrades of the existing objects, refusal of production of ethylated motor gasolines, increase in a share of release of the high octane gasolines and environmentally friendly diesel fuels corresponding to quality of euro-5 is traced. Authors consider that the package of measures given in this article will provide a way to innovative and technology development not only oil-processing industry of the region, but also national economies in general.
Management of the value added made by the entity using imitating modelling
Authors: Rozhkov I. M. , Isaeva N. A. , Zaytsev I. M. , Larionova I. A. , Kostyukhin Yu. Yu.
Published: July 2018

The research is directed to implementation of an automatic control system system by economy of the entity. Three stages of the solution of this task are allocated. The first stage – forming and the forecast of the integrated indicator characterizing an economic condition of the entity. As such indicator, the value added of products made by the entity is accepted. Private indicators, which influence the size of an integrated economic indicator, are considered. The second stage – creation of an estimative vector. The general technique of quantitative assessment of an economic situation in the entity using the new operational characteristic – lengths of the «estimative» vector determining financial and statistical ratios is offered. The vector allows to divide in dynamics an array of initial information into two parts relating to the satisfactory and pre-crisis periods of work of the entity that gives the chance to construct separately forecast models of a key indicator for points of crisis and for points of a steady condition. For each group of points distributions of the corresponding indicators are constructed. The final stage – the planned imitating experiment for the purpose of achievement of optimum value of value added of products made by the entity – stay using imitating modeling of the ranges of change of rational values of the financial ratios recommended for use as corrective actions for ensuring satisfactory sizes of a key indicator. Flowcharts of the following stages of the solution of an objective are provided in article: procedures of forming of the considered indicators and also procedures of calculation of an estimative vector and determination of rational values of corrective actions. Results of two series of imitating experiments on separation of logarithmic normal distribution of the considered indicators for one of the metallurgical entities are shown.
Relationship between midpalatal suture maturation and age and maturation of cervical vertebrae: radiographic evaluation
Authors: Görücü Coşkuner Hande , Atik Ezgi , Taner Tülin
Published: July 2018

Objective: To
evaluate the stages of midpalatal suture (MPS) maturation in patients older
than 15 years, and to determine the correlation between the stage of MPS
maturation and age and cervical vertebral maturation (CVM).

Materials and Method: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 50
patients (29 female and 21 male; mean age, 19.79 ± 4.09 years) were evaluated.
Good quality CBCT images from 15–30-year-old patients for evaluation of
impacted canines or determination of orthognathic surgery were selected. The
CBCT images were evaluated at two different time intervals for determination of
the stages of MPS and CVM. The stages of MPS maturation were classified as A,
B, C, D, or E using the axial sections by using a method validated previously.
The stages of CVM were classified using sagittal sections of the CBCT images.
Intra-examiner agreement was assessed using the Kappa test. The correlations
between MPS maturation and chronological age and CVM were assessed using
Spearman’s rank correlation analysis.

Results: The
Kappa coefficients for intra-examiner agreement were 0.837 and 0.865 for
classification of the stages of MPS maturation and CVM, respectively. No
significant correlation was observed between chronological age and maturation
of MPS (r = 0.212, p = 0.139) and between the stages of CVM and maturation of
MPS (r = 0.030, p = 0.839).

Conclusion: The
limitation of our study was a small sample size, and, on the basis of our
results, neither CVM nor chronological age could be used as a convenient tool
to determine the stage of MPS maturation in 15–30-year-old patients.
Préstamos de la Península Ibérica en el árabe de Tánger de finales del siglo XVIII y contexto etnográfico en el Vocabulista del P. Patricio de la Torre / Loanwords from the Iberian Peninsula in Late XVIII century Tangerian, and the Ethnographic Context in the Vocabulist by Father Patricio de la Torre
Authors: Moscoso García Francisco
Published: July 2018

En este artículo se presentan los préstamos de lenguas romances, principalmente del español, procedentes de la Península Ibérica que aparecen en el Vocabulista del P. Patricio de la Torre. La obra de este jerónimo fue escrita entre finales del siglo XVIII y principios del XIX en Tánger. Al mismo tiempo, ofrecemos datos etnográficos recogidos en ella relacionados con la Literatura oral y otros aspectos generales de la sociedad tangerina en la que vivió el autor.
De criadas, sisas y gatos: huellas de un cuento folclórico árabe (ATU 1373) en la España de los siglos XIX y XX / Servants, Pilferage and Cats: Some Traces of an Arab Folktale (ATU 1373) in Spain during the 19th and 20th Centuries
Authors: López Bernal Desirée
Published: July 2018

En la Granada nazarí de finales del siglo XIV, un literato llamado Ibn ʿĀṣim reproducía la primera versión ibérica del cuento folclórico ATU 1373. Partiendo de ella –cuyo texto es el único árabe medieval desarrollado que nos ha sido transmitido–, haremos un recorrido por la evolución del cuento en España, prestando especial atención a los siglos XIX-XX, donde hemos documentado varias versiones, tanto literarias, como otras inéditas que se imprimieron en la prensa.
De cadáveres desenterrados y corazones quemados: los muertos vivientes en la literatura oral rumana / Of Exhumed Corpses and Burnt Hearts: The Living Dead in Romanian Oral Literature
Authors: Chereches Alexandra Oana , Badea Violeta Catalina
Published: July 2018

De la multitud de seres maravillosos que protagonizan las leyendas y cuentos del folclore rumano, sobresalen los strigoi, figuras a medio camino entre la vida y la muerte que regresan al mundo de los vivos con distintos objetivos. Algunos de ellos vuelven para acosar y horrorizar a las víctimas, mientras que otros sirven de ayuda y consuelo para sus familiares. Con el fin de librarse de las maldiciones y penurias infligidas por algunos strigoi, existen mecanismos de defensa y diversos rituales que han de ponerse en práctica en todas las etapas de la vida del hombre, desde el nacimiento hasta el óbito.
San Pedro, como era calvo / Saint Peter, as He Was Bald
Authors: Ballester Xaverio
Published: July 2018

La calvicie de san Pedro que encontramos diversamente reflejada en la tradición popular católica podría muy bien deberse a un episodio referido en la Legenda Aurea (siglo xiii): cuando el apóstol predicaba en Antioquía, sus habitantes, haciendo burla de sus enseñanzas cristianas, le rasuraron la coronilla
La leyenda de la culebra de agua protectora del pueblo de San Bernardo (Oaxaca, México): sustrato mítico zapoteco y dispersión pluricultural / The Legend of the Water Snake, Protector of the Village of San Bernardo (Oaxaca, Mexico): Zapotecan Mythic Substrate and Pluricultural Dispersion
Authors: Hernandez Paulino Carlos Gerardo
Published: July 2018

Los siete relatos aquí transcritos en español forman parte de un corpus recogido en el pueblo de San Bernardo, Oaxaca, los días 15, 16, 17 y 18 de agosto de 2017. Dichas historias comparten un núcleo narrativo en común: las serpientes que dan testimonio sobre el origen mítico y sobre el desarrollo de este poblado, y que operan como entidades protectoras del lugar, según la creencia de los nativos. Sin embargo, como se verá en este artículo, cumplen con otros cargos y muestran puntos de conexión con otras tradiciones narrativas.
Efficacy of continuing anti-angiogenic agents in the second-line treatment for metastatic colon cancer depending on the KRAS mutation status: a meta-analysis
Authors: Fedyanin M. Yu. , Tryakin A. A. , Tjulandin S. A.
Published: July 2018

Objective: to assess the efficacy of anti-angiogenic agents incorporated into second-line chemotherapeutic regimens for metastatic colon cancer depending on the KRAS gene mutation status.

Materials and methods. We selected completed prospective randomized controlled phase III clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of antiangiogenic agents (bevacizumab, ramucirumab and aflibercept) added to second-line chemotherapy for metastatic colon cancer with subanalysis of treatment efficacy depending on the KRAS gene mutation status. Meta-analysis was performed using the ReviewManager (RevMan) v. 5.3 (The Cochrane Collaboration, Denmark).

Results. Three studies (ML18147, RAISE, VELOUR) involving 2165 patients (1137 with KRAS wild-type tumors and 1028 with KRAS-mutant tumors) met the inclusion criteria and were included into this meta-analysis. The majority of patients (84 %) received bevacizumab in the first-line treatment. The results of our meta-analysis suggest that adding an anti-angiogenic drug to chemotherapy in patients with KRAS wildtype colon cancer significantly improved both progression-free survival (hazard ratio (HR) 0.71; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.62–0.80; р<0.00001; I2 = 22 %, p = 0.21) and overall survival (HR 0.76; 95 % CI 0.66–0.88; р= 0.0001; I2 = 0, p = 0.59). In patients with KRASmutant colon cancer, incorporation of an anti-angiogenic drug into the treatment regimen was not associated with better overall survival (ОР0.9; 95 % CI 0.79–1.03; р= 0.11; I2 = 0, p = 0.98), although improved progression-free survival (HR 0.78; 95 % CI 0.68–0.89; р= 0.0002; I2 = 0, p = 0.46). Conclusion. Continuation of anti-angiogenic therapy in the second-line treatment for metastatic colon cancer is most effective in patients with KRAS wild-type tumors. In individuals with KRAS-mutant tumors, continuation of bevacizumab or switch to another anti-angiogenic agent in the second-line treatment improves progression-free survival and has a statistically insignificant effect on overall survival.
Vestigia de Ovídio em três biografias da obra De mulieribus claris de Giovanni Boccaccio
Authors: Juliani Talita Janine
Published: July 2018

Em seu catálogo Sobre as mulheres famosas (De mulieribus claris), escrito entre 1361-1362, Giovanni Boccaccio explora o universo mítico greco-romano, retratando a vida de figuras femininas notáveis (clarae) da Antiguidade. Estudos anteriores sobre o De mulieribus claris tendem a ser marcados por um viés dicotômico, que oscila entre apontar um caráter moralista (cristão) ou “meramente” literário nas biografias. Eruditas “pesquisas de fontes” (Quellenforschungen) – as quais são normalmente associadas à segunda perspectiva – destacam, entre outras fontes clássicas, a obra do poeta Ovídio (43 a.C.-17 d.C.). O objetivo central a que se dedica este artigo é investigar como a poesia do autor romano é aludida em De mulieribus claris, e explorar efeitos de sentido de tal presença no catálogo em estudo. Referências ao texto de Ovídio serão apreciadas, valendo-se de preceitos de teoria Intertextual aplicada às Letras Clássicas, em passagens de três biografias, a saber, Tisbe (XIII), Medeia (XVII) e Safo (XLVII). A observação da relação entre os textos dos autores antigo e moderno nos fornece indícios de como se dá o processo de ressignificação do material da Antiguidade na obra boccacciana, passando, de fato, tanto pela reinterpretação de elementos mitológicos no âmbito de uma perspectiva moral cristã, quanto por movimentos de referenciação que filiariam Boccaccio aos grandes autores da Antiguidade.
Agaton no Banquete: um prelúdio à filosofia
Authors: Pamplona Matheus Abreu
Published: July 2018

Neste artigo, procuro indicar como o elogio de Agaton (194e-197e), ao contrário do que comumente vemos ser sustentado pela maior parte dos intérpretes do Banquete, pode ser lido como uma espécie de prelúdio às concepções posteriormente defendidas por Sócrates e Diotima. Com o intuito de comprovar minha hipótese, primeiramente questiono um dos motivos que levou a tradição exegética a rejeitar o discurso do tragediógrafo como fonte de opiniões verdadeiras sobre o amor, a saber, a associação feita pelo próprio Sócrates entre o elogio de Agaton e a retórica de Górgias. Em um segundo momento, defendo que o conteúdo do encômio do poeta trágico, apesar do estilo gorgiânico por ele adotado, alinha-se em muitos pontos àquilo que vemos Sócrates sustentar em seu próprio discurso em louvor a Erōs.
THE EXPERIENCE WITH ERIBULIN IN REAL CLINICAL PRACTICE FROM MOSCOW AND MOSCOW REGION
Authors: Marphutov V. V. , Filonenko D. V. , Belonogov V. A. , Аndreyashkina I. I. , Byakhov A. V. , Kramskaya L. V. , Karandeeva T. V. , Mehtiyev V. N. , Oskirko D. A. , Suslova I. R. , Skorina M. O. , Romanchuk O. V. , Samyshina M. A. , Shikina V. Е. , Kozlov D. V. , Hrupalo O. V. , Tyuvinova E. V. , Sherstnev V. M. , Chernov I. S. , Kolokolov J. J. , Konopleva E. I.
Published: July 2018

Introduction.Eribulin, an non-taxane microtubule inhibitor, has been registered in Russia for patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (mBC) who received at least one chemotherapy regimen for a advanced disease, previous therapy should include anthracyclines and taxanes in adjuvant or metastatic setting, except the patients who could not be prescribed these drugs. We present our experience with eribulin in real clinical practice in Moscow and the Moscow Region.

Patients and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the experience with the use of eribulin in Moscow and the Moscow Region in 202 patients with mBC from January 2016 to February 2017 to assess the effectiveness and safety of the drug. All patients received previous therapy with anthracyclines and taxanes for locally advanced and / or metastatic cancer. The average age of patients at the time of inclusion in the analysis was 5 years (28–81). The status of the general condition on the ECOG 0-1 scale was registered in 81.3 % (100 / 123) of patients, the status of ECOG 2-3 in 18.7 % (23 / 123) of patients. The median of the number of courses of chemotherapy with eribulin is 4 (2–17). Patients received eribulin in 1-7 chemotherapy lines for metastatic disease. The average number of affected organs is 2 (1–5).

Results.Complete response (CR) was in 3 (2 %) patients. Partial response (PR) was in 24 (15.7 %) patients, stabilization of the disease – in 89 (58. 2 %). Progression of the disease was recorded in 37 (24.1 %) patients. The median of progression-free survival (PFS) on the therapy was 4.64 (95 % CI 2.97-6.87) months. Stabilization of the disease for more than 6 months was registered in 28 (18.3 %) patients. The most significant toxicity was neutropenia and polyneuropathy (21 patients (10.4 %) and 7 patients (3.5 %), respectively).

Dose reduction due to neutropenia was required by 26 patients (12.9 %). The objective response rate (ORR) depended on the chemotherapy line: in 1-3 lines the efficacy of the treatment was higher: the ORR was 21.6 %, compared to the 4th and subsequent lines – 12.3 %, respectively. With HER2-positive mBC, eribulin showed clinically significant results in combination with trastuzumab.

Conclusions.Our analysis confirms that eribulin has a predictable and manageable safety profile, is an effective drug for the treatment of patients with different subtypes of mBC in a real clinical setting.
OPTIMAL SEQUENCES AND COMBINATION OF CHEMOTHERAPY AND MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC COLORECTAL CANCER
Authors: Fedyanin M. Yu. , Tjulandin S. A.
Published: July 2018

In this review we analyzed results of studies concerning the choice of first and subsequent lines of therapy in patients with metastatic colon cancer. We discussed data of various combinations of monoclonal antibodies with different chemotherapeutic regimens. Also we discussed modern preclinical and clinical trials concerning strategy of choice of targeted therapy sequence in patients with metastatic disease. We considered the impact of various molecular and clinical factors on the effectiveness of drugs and determined their application for therapy choice for colon cancer.
EXPERIENCE OF APPLICATION OF ANTI PD-1 THERAPY IN MMR-DEFICIENCY ENDOMETRIAL CANCER
Authors: Cham K. G. , Raskin G. A. , Andabekov T. T. , Rodina M. K. , Rutkin I. O. , Kondrachuk D. M. , Vinokurov V. L.
Published: July 2018

Currently, more and more studies show the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 therapy in tumors with a deficiency of the unpaired DNA nucleotide repair system (MMR). According to various sources in endometrial cancer, the MMR deficit is determined in 20–30 % of cases. This paper presents the experience of successful immunotherapy (anti PD-1) in a patient with metastatic endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus with a deficiency of MMR.
İŞ TATMİNİNİN İŞ PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİNDE ÇALIŞMAYA TUTKUNLUĞUN ARACI ROLÜ: SATIŞ VE PAZARLAMA SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ŞAHİN Safiye , ÇANKIR Bilal
Published: July 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı iş tatmininin iş
performansına etkisinde çalışmaya tutkunluğun aracılık rolü etkisini
incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini İstanbul’da satış ve pazarlama
sektöründe çalışan 344 kişi oluşturmuştur. Veriler 2017 yılı içerisinde
çevrimiçi anket formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. İş tatmini boyutu, Büte’nin
(2011) çalışmasından alınan 5 soru ile ölçülmüştür. Çalışmaya tutkunluk
boyutunu ölçmek için ise Utrech Çalışmaya Tutkunluk Ölçeği (UWES-3) kullanılmıştır.
İş performansı boyutu ise Kirkman
ve Rosen (1999) tarafından geliştirilen ve Çöl (2011) tarafından Türkçeye
uyarlanan ölçek ile ölçülmüştür.
Araştırma modelinin test edilmesinde bir yapısal eşitlik analizi programı olan
AMOS 22 kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, satış ve pazarlama
sektöründe çalışanların iş tatmini düzeyleri 2,23±0,84 ile düşük düzeydedir.
Çalışmaya tutkunluk düzeyleri ise 2,12±0,9 ile iş tatminine yakın ve düşük
düzeydedir. Çalışanların iş performansları düzeyleri de 1,99±0,78 ile düşük
düzeydedir. Sonuç olarak, iş tatmininin iş performansı üzerindeki etkisinde
çalışmaya tutkunluğun tam aracı rolü olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
SOSYAL MEDYADAKİ GELİŞMELERİ KAÇIRMA KORKUSUNUN (FOMO) İÇGÜDÜSEL ALIMLARA ETKİSİNİN ÖZ BELİRLEME KURAMI İLE AÇIKLANMASI
Authors: AYDIN Hatice
Published: July 2018

Teknoloji ile iç içe olan tüketiciler sürekli
olarak internette gezinmekte, telefonlarını ellerinden bırakmamakta ve sosyal
medyada olup bitenden sürekli haberdar olmak istemektedirler. Tüketicilerin
sosyal medya ile bu güçlü ilişkileri bir süre sonra sosyal medya korkularına
dönüşebilmektedir. Sosyal medyadaki gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu bu korkulardan
birisidir. Sosyal medyadaki gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu, pazarlamacılar
tarafından birçok şekilde tetiklenmektedir. Özellikle ürün ve hizmetlerde
kıtlık algısı oluşturma, bu stratejilerden birisidir. Tüketiciler, bir ürün ya
da hizmet ile ilgili kıtlık algısı hissettikleri anda sosyal medyadaki
gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusunu daha fazla hissedebilmektedirler. Bu korku
tüketicinin tüketim davranışını etkileyebilmektedir. Bu anlamda bu fobi, tüketicilerin
içgüdüsel alışveriş davranışlarının da bir nedeni olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada kıtlık
algısının sosyal medyadaki gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusuna ve bu korkunun
içgüdüsel alımlara etkisini tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Bandırma il
merkezinde bulunan öğrencilerle yüz yüze anket uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen
sonuçlar doğrultusunda kıtlık algısının FoMO üzerinde ve FoMO’nun içgüdüsel
alımlar üzerinde pozitif yönde anlamlı etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Un problema de osciladores acoplados analizado mediante la notación bra-ket empleada en mecánica cuántica
Authors: Rozo Clavijo Mauricio
Published: July 2018

Se analiza en detalle un sistema constituido por cuatro osciladores acoplados, con masas y constantes de acoplamiento diferentes. A partir de dicho análisis se obtiene la dinámica que rige el comportamiento del sistema desde la perspectiva de un contexto clásico, así como usando conceptos del álgebra lineal y la notación braket empleada en mecánica cuántica. En este marco, se obtiene la solución del sistema de osciladores en una base estándar generada a partir de la posición inicial de cada oscilador, la cual permite establecer un estado bien definido interpretado como el desplazamiento del oscilador con respecto a su posición de equilibrio. En este orden de ideas, las ecuaciones de movimiento se desacoplan a través de una transformación de similitud construida a partir de un conjunto de vectores propios para así obtener la solución. Esta estrategia permite, además, evidenciar la evolución temporal del sistema de osciladores mediante un operador que se identifica con el propagador del estado del sistema. Este análisis adquiere especial importancia por su novedad y porque genera una forma alternativa, didáctica y sólida de abordar el tema, conectándolo con un tópico conocido de la mecánica clásica. Además, permite familiarizar a los estudiantes con la notación bra-ket y los procedimientos empleados para resolver problemas en mecánica cuántica, tales como el de valores propios. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
La fitoterapia como fuente de medicamentos reguladores del metabolismo tumoral y activadores de la respuesta inmunitaria
Authors: Fiorentino Susana , Urueña Claudia
Published: July 2018

El término cáncer integra un grupo de enfermedades complejas que responden a múltiples factores y se manifiestan de forma diferente según el órgano afectado o el mecanismo molecular implicado. En términos generales, se presenta una alteración en los mecanismos que regulan el crecimiento de las células, lo cual genera proliferaciones incontroladas que rompen la homeóstasis normal del organismo y afectando no solo el órgano blanco sino a todo el organismo. La búsqueda de terapias contra el cáncer se basa en el conocimiento de estos mecanismos moleculares y sus innumerables consecuencias. En esta revisión se recogen los estudios realizados y publicados por nuestro grupo de investigación en los últimos 13 años en torno a Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze y Petiveria alliacea Linne (Phytolaccaceae), así como algunos datos aún no publicados. La revisión se centra en los mecanismos relacionados con el metabolismo energético tumoral y la regulación de la respuesta inmunitaria, así como en los últimos procedimientos requeridos para llevar a cabo el primer ensayo clínico de fase I para un medicamento contra el cáncer en Colombia. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Evolution of the structural ordering of the Sr2SbMnO6 perovskite as a function of temperature
Authors: Parada Yury , Parra Carlos , Caicedo Fania , Landínez Téllez David A. , Roa-Rojas Jairo
Published: July 2018

El material cerámico policristalino Sr2SbMnO6 se sintetizó mediante el método convencional de reacción en estado sólido. La ruta de síntesis usada difirió de otras reportadas en la literatura en que se usó SrO en lugar de SrCO3 como precursor del Sr. Los patrones de difracción de rayos X obtenidos a temperaturas entre 25 y 1.400 °C se estudiaron mediante el método de refinamiento de Rietveld con el programa Generalized Structure Analysis System (GSAS). Los resultados revelaron que la estructura era tetragonal con el grupo espacial P4/mnc a temperaturas entre los 100 y los 600 °C, y cambió a una estructura cúbica con el grupo espacial Fm-3m a temperaturas entre los 800 y los 1.000 °C. Se discute, asimismo, la dependencia del parámetro de red en función de la temperatura. El estudio de este material es importante dadas sus propiedades multiferróicas. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Estructura y composición de ensamblajes de anfibios en tres tipos de hábitat en el Parque Nacional Natural Selva de Florencia, Cordillera Central de Colombia
Authors: Duarte-Marin Sebastian , González-Acosta Cristian , Vargas-Salinas Fernando
Published: July 2018

Los Andes colombianos, especialmente entre los 1000 y 3000 msnm, presentan la mayor diversidad de anfibios anuros para el país. Sin embargo, históricamente esta región ha tenido altos niveles de deforestación y cambios en el uso del suelo. Ante este escenario, el establecimiento de áreas protegidas es una importante estrategia de conservación de diversidad biológica en los Andes de Colombia. El Parque Nacional Natural (PNN) Selva de Florencia, está ubicado en la cordillera Central y es considerado el PNN con mayor diversidad de anfibios endémicos por área en el país; sin embargo, no se ha cuantificado la estructura y composición de los ensamblajes de anfibios ahí presentes de tal forma que, se establezca una línea base sólida para su monitoreo en espacio y tiempo. En este estudio cuantificamos la estructura y composición de los ensamblajes de anfibios en tres tipos de hábitat (bosque, pinera y pastizal), realizando muestreos diurnos y nocturnos entre junio y septiembre del 2017. Se registraron 338 individuos pertenecientes a 24 especies, 21 de ellas en bosque, 11 en pineras y 3 en pastizales. La diversidad de anfibios fue mayor en bosque que en pinera y potrero. La composición de especies en bosque tendió a ser diferente de aquella en pineras y potreros; sin embargo, en algunas pineras no sujetas a explotación comercial por más de 20 años, se observaron especies típicas de bosque. Nuestros resultados contribuyen con datos cuantitativos útiles para la monitorización de la diversidad de anfibios en los Andes centrales de Colombia, utilizando el PNN Selva de Florencia como modelo. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.