bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toponimia de los wichís del Noroeste de Formosa, Argentina
Authors: Flamini Marco
Published: December 2020

El artículo presenta un estudio toponímico, donde además de recopilar topónimos, traducirlos y localizarlos en un mapa, se analizan las explicaciones sobre los orígenes de cada uno y se compara el repertorio obtenido con otros de zonas aledañas. Para ello, se desarrolló un mapeo participativo en conjunto con los habitantes de las aldeas de Pescado Negro y Los Pocitos-Tay’ú y se analizó material inédito de entrevistas y relatos recogidos in situ. Los nombres de los lugares analizados evocan narrativas que describen un ambiente natural y social dinámico, habitado por multiplicidad de seres (humanos y no humanos, físicos y metafísicos) vinculados íntimamente en un constante ciclo de vida y muerte, degeneración y renovación. El mapa de topónimos wichí es mucho más que una representación cartográfica del paisaje, aborda diversos tópicos significativos para los wichís y guarda en sí mismo testimonios de las múltiples dimensiones de la experiencia humana sobre el territorio.
Tecnología lítica y uso del bosque patagónico entre cazadores recolectores: los casos de Puesto Aserradero y Laguna Cóndor (SO de Santa Cruz, Argentina)
Authors: Pallo Cecilia , Cirigliano Natalia Andrea , Charlin Judith Emilce , Borrero Luis Alberto
Published: December 2020

En los últimos años, diversos estudios arqueológicos comenzaron a dar cuenta de la presencia de poblaciones de cazadores recolectores en los ambientes de bosque y ecotono bosque-estepa que cubren actualmente el suroeste de la provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina. La información obtenida corresponde principalmente al Holoceno tardío y sugiere un panorama más complejo sobre la ocupación humana en el bosque patagónico que el escenario previamente planteado acerca de una baja a nula explotación por parte de estas poblaciones. En este trabajo, se presenta un estudio comparativo de los conjuntos líticos de superficie recuperados en dos espacios boscosos próximos entre sí en el suroeste de la provincia de Santa Cruz: Laguna Cóndor y Puesto Aserradero. Los resultados alcanzados muestran dos modalidades de uso humano del bosque, en cuya diferenciación pudo haber jugado un rol importante la presencia de cuerpos de agua temporarios y permanentes. Mientras Laguna Cóndor habría sido visitado de manera recurrente y planificada, Puesto Aserradero debió ser un espacio de ocupación circunstancial.
Wichí: la gente, el mundo, la palabra
Authors: Montani Rodrigo , Franceschi Zelda Alice
Published: December 2020

Luego de dar una breve caracterización de los wichís (o weenhayek) y su lengua y puntualizar las circunstancias que dieron origen a este dossier, se reseñan críticamente los artículos que lo componen, enfatizando en cada caso en qué consiste su contribución original. Asimismo, se establece un diálogo trasversal entre los artículos de cada sección (la gente, el mundo, la palabra) y se discuten algunos problemas de los estudios wichís que atraviesan el dossier en su conjunto, como la importancia de los datos lingüísticos para etnografía (y viceversa) o las implicancias técnicas, políticas y sociales de la adopción de un sistema de escritura para la lengua wichi/weenhayek.
Agricultura y potencial productivo en el Valle de Ambato, Catamarca, Argentina (siglos VI a XI d.C)
Authors: Figueroa Germán
Published: December 2020

El control y acumulación de recursos económicos en el Valle de Ambato entre los siglos VI y XI d.C. ha sido considerado como un factor de suma importancia en el mantenimiento y reproducción de las diferencias sociales entre las personas. Se cree que el uso de sectores seleccionados del paisaje como áreas de producción agrícola se hallaba vinculado de manera funcional y organizacional con agregados residenciales o aldeas emplazadas en el fondo del valle. En dichos sectores, más precisamente sobre los faldeos de la sierra de la Graciana y del Ambato, se registró la presencia de infraestructura agrícola, tales como terrazas de cultivo, represas y canales. En este trabajo, se analizan los sistemas de cultivo y su potencial productivo en relación a los grupos humanos que habitaron el valle, para lo cual se lleva a cabo una caracterización del sistema hidro-agrícola y un análisis de su capacidad sustentadora en base a registros arqueológicos y observaciones etnográficas propias. Los resultados obtenidos permitirán discutir acerca de la posible existencia de un excedente económico, utilizado por un determinado sector de la población con el propósito de usufructuar los beneficios derivados del mismo.
El Ajarafe: Un espacio serrano ocupado efímeramente en diferentes momentos del Holoceno (Tandilia, Provincia de Buenos Aires)
Authors: Mazzia Natalia
Published: December 2020

El Ajarafe es un sitio arqueológico excavado recientemente en el sector centro oriental del sistema serrano de Tandilia, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se trata de un pequeño reparo rocoso ubicado en la cima de Sierra Larga sur. A partir de cuatro fechados radiocarbónicos fueron identificados tres momentos de ocupación humana de carácter efímero ocurridos en el Holoceno temprano y en el Holoceno tardío. En este trabajo se presenta la descripción del sitio, sus características espaciales y contextuales y los resultados obtenidos a partir de los diferentes análisis realizados. Entre éstos se incluyen análisis tecnomorfológicos de los conjuntos líticos, de procedencia de materias primas líticas y de sustancias adheridas a las superficies de los objetos mediante cromatografía gaseosa; además de análisis espaciales mediante el uso de Sistemas de Información Geográfica. A partir de la información presentada, tomando al sitio El Ajarafe como punto de partida, se propone una discusión sobre las ocupaciones humanas efímeras registradas en el ámbito serrano de Tandilia a lo largo del tiempo.
Myocastor coypus (“coipo”, Rodentia, Mammalia) como recurso en los humedales de la Pampa boanerense: patrones de explotación
Authors: Escosteguy Paula , Salemme Mónica , González María Isabel
Published: December 2020

Myocastor coypus es una de las especies más abundantes en los humedales de la región pampeana, particularmente en las cuencas de los ríos Salado y Paraná. Distintas líneas de evidencia permiten sostener que fue un recurso ampliamente aprovechado siendo central en las estrategias económicas de los cazadores-recolectores-pescadores durante el Holoceno tardío. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos del análisis de restos arqueofaunísticos de esta presa mediano-pequeña, a partir de: análisis cuantitativos, estimación de clases de edad, análisis de huellas, termoalteraciones y fracturas. El objetivo es analizar los patrones de explotación del coipo utilizando información proveniente de los sitios de la localidad La Guillerma (LG1, LG4 y LG5) y San Ramón 7 (SR7) ubicados en el curso inferior del río Salado y del sitio Río Luján (RL) y la localidad Cañada Honda (CH) localizados en el NE bonaerense. Los resultados permiten sostener que la presión de captura se dio sobre presas adultas, que ingresaron completas a los sitios. Las huellas evidencian la ejecución de una serie de acciones para su aprovechamiento (cuereo, desarticulación y descarne).
Dietas promediadas: explorando el registro zooarqueológico supraregional en Tierra del Fuego
Authors: Santiago Fernando C. , Vázquez Martín
Published: December 2020

En este trabajo se compila información zooarqueológica proveniente de 97 contextos correspondientes a 75 sitios arqueológicos emplazados en distintas regiones del archipiélago fueguino, con cronologías que abarcan desde el Holoceno temprano hasta el contacto con la sociedad occidental. Por medio de la utilización de SIG (Sistemas de información geográfica) e índices de abundancia económica se suman los NISP de conjuntos de un espacio determinado, lapso o cultura y se calcula un nuevo índice de abundancia. De esta manera se generan valores promediados de consumo de fauna para una región o para un momento en particular del pasado. En este trabajo se utiliza una escala supraregional para comprender de modo no convencional como se estructuran los distintos conjuntos zooarqueológicos en su contexto natural y cultural.
Zooarqueología y tafonomía del Período TardíoInca en Peñas Coloradas, Antofagasta de la Sierra (Puna de Catamarca, Argentina)
Authors: Ortiz Jorge Guillermo , Urquiza Silvana
Published: December 2020

Se presenta el análisis integrado del conjunto arqueofaunístico, constituido por vertebrados e invertebrados, del sitio Peñas Coloradas 3-cumbre (PC3-c), Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca, Argentina). El sitio se localiza en la cumbre de un farallón de ignimbrita y está conformado por estructuras arquitectónicas asignadas a momentos Tardíos-Incas, algunas de las cuales han sido reutilizadas hasta principios del siglo XX. Con la finalidad de complementar los datos y reconstruir la historia tafonómica de los conjuntos faunísticos, se estudió el contexto sedimentario mediante métodos físico-químicos (textura; pH; determinación de albúmina, P y MO). Los materiales analizados brindaron datos sobre algunas de las actividades realizadas en las estructuras, el consumo de animales, temporalidad, estacionalidad de las ocupaciones, y sobre los procesos diagenéticos actuantes. La integración contextual de los datos materiales analizados y del emplazamiento del sitio y sus estructuras, nos permite inferir prácticas sociales diferenciadas entre las estructuras con cubierta y sin cubierta. Las primeras, se vinculan a depósitos de alimentos y manufacturas, mientras que las segundas se asocian con prácticas residenciales, procesamiento y consumo de alimentos.
Tecnología lítica y uso diferencial del espacio en Estancia La Suiza, San Luis, Argentina
Authors: Sario Gisela
Published: December 2020

El trabajo pretende contribuir, desde la perspectiva de la organización de la tecnología, al conocimiento de las ocupaciones cazadoras-recolectoras que habitaron las inmediaciones de la Sierra de la Estanzuela, en la provincia de San Luis, Argentina. Se explican cómo fueron las secuencias de producción de herramientas en los sitios de la localidad arqueológica Estancia La Suiza, a partir del análisis de los materiales líticos recuperados en excavación y prospecciones sistemáticas. Las metodologías propuestas para abordar este estudio corresponden al análisis nodular y más específicamente a una combinación del análisis tipológico y no tipológico.Los resultados permiten interpretar que en esta localidad hubo un uso diferencial del espacio, particularmente en dos sitios que son Estancia La Suiza 2 y Estancia La Suiza 3.
Resultados preliminares del sitio Zoko Andi 1. Aportes para la arqueología del curso inferior del río Colorado (Provincia de Buenos Aires)
Authors: Martinez Gustavo , Martínez Gustavo Adolfo , Stoessel Luciana , Alcaraz Ana Paula , Santos Valero Florencia , Flensborg Gustavo , Bayala Pablo , Onorato José Francisco
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la cronología y las principales tendencias de los análisis geoarqueológicos, zooarqueológicos, de la tecnología lítica y de los entierros humanos recuperados en el sitio arqueológico Zoko Andi 1 (Pdo. de Patagones). Éste se localiza en una duna, sobre la margen derecha del curso inferior del río Colorado. Se obtuvieron nueve fechados radiocarbónicos provenientes de especímenes faunísticos, restos óseos humanos y carbón que ubican la cronología del sitio entre ca. 1500-400 años AP. Las dataciones obtenidas, en conjunción con los aspectos estratigráficos identificados, indican la existencia de al menos dos lapsos de ocupación. El primero de ellos se ubica en torno a los ca. 1500-1300 años AP (Holoceno tardío inicial), mientras que el otro se localiza en ca. 800-400 años AP (Holoceno tardío final). En este sentido, se trata del primer sitio del área en cuya secuencia se distinguen dos componentes que se corresponden con los dos bloques temporales del Holoceno tardío. Los resultados obtenidos hasta el momento en las distintas líneas de análisis se ajustan parcialmente a las tendencias propuestas en los modelos formulados para el área y son brevemente discutidas en este trabajo.
Selection criteria for Australian and New Zealand Medical Specialist Training Programs – another under-recognised driver of research waste.
Authors: Withers Caitlyn , Noble Christy , Brandenburg Caitlin , Glasziou Paul , Stehlik Paulina
Published: December 2020

Doctors are placed under significant pressure to engage in research for career progression. Our review suggests that research selection criteria for specialty training programs incentivise high-volume, CV-padding research, focusing on quantity and authorship position over research quality. These selection criteria may be unintended drivers of research waste.
Tiếp nối hướng nghiên cứu phát triển bền vững
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Hoang
Published: December 2020

Bài báo tổng hợp các tác phẩm đã được xuất bản quốc tế và hoạch định các hướng nghiên cứu tiếp theo trong địa hạt liên ngành phát triển bền vững của Trung tâm ISR
Unique variable analysis: A network psychometrics method to detect local dependence
Authors: Christensen Alexander P. , Garrido Luis Eduardo , Golino Hudson
Published: December 2020

The local independence assumption states that variables are unrelated after conditioning on a latent variable. Common problems that arise from violations of this assumption include model misspecification, biased model parameters, and inaccurate estimates of internal structure. These problems are not limited to latent variable models but also apply to network psychometrics. This paper proposes a novel network psychometric approach to detect locally dependent pairs of variables using network modeling and a graph theory measure called weighted topological overlap (wTO). Using simulation, this approach is compared to contemporary local dependence detection methods such as exploratory structural equation modeling with standardized expected parameter change and a recently developed approach using partial correlations and a resampling procedure. Different approaches to determine local dependence using statistical significance and cut-off values are also compared. Continuous, polytomous (5-point Likert scale), and dichotomous (binary) data were generated with skew across a variety of conditions. Our results indicate that cut-off values work better than significance approaches. Overall, the network psychometrics approaches using wTO with graphical least absolute shrinkage and selector operator with extended Bayesian information criterion and wTO with Bayesian Gaussian graphical model were the best performing local dependence detection methods overall.
Uncontrolled Eating in Healthy Women Has Limited Influence on Food Reward Sensitivity and Food-Related Inhibitory Control
Authors: Grol Maud , Cásedas Luis , Oomen Danna , Spronk Desirée , Fox Elaine
Published: December 2020

Uncontrolled eating—in the general population—is characterized by overeating, hedonic hunger and being drawn towards palatable foods. Theoretically, it is the result of a strong food reward signal in relation to a poor ability to exert inhibitory control. How food consumption influences inhibitory control and food reward sensitivity, and how this relates to the continued urge to eat, remains unclear though. We used fMRI (N=40) in order to investigate the neural mechanism underlying food reward sensitivity and food-specific response inhibition (go-nogo task), by comparing women reporting high versus low/average uncontrolled eating across two sessions: during an inter-meal hunger state and after consumption of a high-caloric snack. We found no effects of individual differences in uncontrolled eating, food consumption, nor their interaction on food reward sensitivity. Differences in uncontrolled eating and food consumption did interact in modulating activity in the left superior occipital gyrus during response inhibition of non-food stimuli, an area previously associated with successful nogo- vs. go-trials. Yet, behavioural performance on the go-nogo task was not modulated by uncontrolled eating nor food consumption. Women with a low/average tendency for uncontrolled eating may need more cognitive resources to support successful response inhibition of non-food stimuli during food ‘go’ blocks in an inter-meal hunger state, whereas women with a high tendency for uncontrolled eating showed this after food consumption. Considering current and previous findings, it seems that individual differences in uncontrolled eating in healthy women have only limited influence on food reward sensitivity and food-related inhibitory control, whereas differences in weight status (e.g., obesity) may have more impact.
Grow in Hone: Research on the Ideological Status of College Students during COVID-19 —Based on the Empirical Analysis of the Data of 351 Colleges and Universities Nationwide in the Spring of 2020
Authors: Miyane Sunmi
Published: December 2020

In the spring of 2020, the sudden outbreak of COVID-19 disrupted the rhythm of people’s life and forced most Chinese universities to adopt the online teaching mode to ensure the “suspension of classes”, and the study and life of college students changed accordingly. Outbreak is test paper, it is a magnifying glass, in the face of sudden major public events, after major outbreaks hone, college students’ ideological and political status, especially their value judgment, it’s the ideological and political workers need to understand, therefore, conducted the research, the author led to on the basis of empirical depict college students during the outbreak (especially in January 2020 to June, hereinafter the same) portraits of ideological and political status, analysis of the causes, it provides scientific suggestions for teaching innovation and course construction in the future.
Sonographic evaluation of Intima-Media thickness of carotid artery in healthy, hypertensive and diabetic Nepalese population
Authors: Regmi Shubhekshya , Sharma Saroj , Khadka Hensan
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Hypertension and Diabetes are two major risk factors for atherosclerotic disease. Carotid artery intima media thickness(cIMT) is considered a reliable surrogate measure for diagnosing subclinical atherosclerosis, its progression and regression. Paucity of available data regarding mean value of cIMT highlights the importance of defining the cut off value of cIMT in a specified population. Very limited studies have been done on sonographic evaluation of mean cIMT and carotid artery injury in hypertension and diabetes in Nepalese population. This study, therefore aims to determine mean cIMT in Nepalese population and to analyze effect of Hypertension and diabetes on cIMT.

Methods: Cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted within the period of 18 months. B-mode ultrasound was used to measure cIMT in bilateral common carotid arteries. Comparison of mean cIMT was done amongst healthy, hypertensive and diabetes with hypertensive patients. Duration of disease was also considered. Data analysis was done with “R” analytical study. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

Results: Total1005 (508 female and 497 male) adult patients with age range of 30 to 85 years were assessed. Among these 329(32.74%) were healthy adults, 341(33.93%) were hypertensive and 335(33.33%) were diabetes with hypertensive patients. The mean cIMT in cases was more than controls (P < 0.001) bilaterally with diabetes having an additive effect. There was also positive correlation of measured value with duration of disease and age of patients.

Conclusion: The present study found that mean cIMT in cases was more than controls. There is an additional effect of Diabetes on cIMT in hypertensive patient. Age and duration of disease can accelerate atherosclerosis.
Experience of Mothers Having Preterm Newborns in Neonatal Care Units
Authors: Shrestha Tumla , Singh Ajanta , Bhattarai Saraswoti Kumari Gautam , Raut Kalpana Silwal
Published: December 2020

Background: Preterm births are vulnerable to morbidities and require hospitalization in the neonatal care unit (NCU). The situation is stressful for mothers influencing their attachment and care to the newborns. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the experience of mothers having preterm newborns in NCU.

Methods: The qualitative study was conducted among purposively selected 13 mothers of NCU admitted preterm infants at Tribhuvan University, Teaching Hospital. Data was collected using in-depth interview. Colaizzi content analysis method was used for data analysis.

Results: Among 13 mothers, 8 were primipara, 25-30 years, homemakers; 6 had Bachelor or above education; 11 had ANC visit > 4 times. Ten infants were very preterm (< 32 weeks gestational age), 11 have very low birth weight (< 1500 gram), 9 born by caesarian section and stayed NICU for 7-14 days. Study identified 5 themes and 18 subthemes: loss of control (fear and anxiety, distress towards pain and suffering, guilt feeling, hopelessness); sense of difference (newborn’s appearance, needs and problems, breastfeeding and parental roles); care of newborn (trust to nurses, confidence and emotional attachment with care involvement,), support for coping (support from family, nurses and other mothers); and difficulties faced (distance to NCU, inadequate guidance and information, and lack of supportive environment)

Conclusion: The hospitalization of preterm newborns in NCUs was usually stressful situation for mothers. Their positive experience and coping was related with provided guidance support and involvement in newborn care. Therefore, nurses working in NCU should consider these care components in their practice.
Occupational-related Stress among University Faculty Staff in Kwara State, Nigeria: Outcomes on Goal Achievement
Authors: Atunde Martins Olanrewaju , Medupin Johnson Abiodun , Alabi Saliu Ishaq , Tijani Abdulganiyu Adebayo , Awarun Olabode , Oladejobi Janet Oluwakemi , Oladimeji Rasheedat Modupe , Maiye Christiana Abosede
Published: December 2020

Background: Incidents of occupational stress among academicians globally is on the rise, despite its impending effects and prospects of coping strategies suggested in literature.
Objective: This study examines occupational stress among university faculty staff and its outcomes on university goal achievements in Kwara State, Nigeria. 
Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey. A multi-stage sampling technique was used for the selection of 458 faculty staff. Data were collected with the use of a 57-item questionnaire.
Results: Results reveal that the level of stress among faculty staff was high (3.25), while stress level differs based on gender (p<.05), age (p<.01), marital status (p<.01), work experience (p<.05) and ownership of workplace (p<.05). The prominent risk associated with occupational-related stress are organizational-related (cluster mean 3.26) and role-related (CM 3.26) factors. Findings further indicate that the social support (CM 3.00) and individual-focused (CM 2.91) coping strategies were moderately adopted for managing occupational-related stress among university faculty, while the organizational support coping strategy was utilized to a low extent (CM 2.47).
Conclusion and Recommendation: The study findings implicate the attainment of university goals in terms of delivering quality teaching, research and promoting scholarship and community service. Thus, the mitigation of occupational-related stress requires individual, social and most especially workplace-level interventions.
Implications: The research would enable university administrators in designing appropriate workplace policies and intervention strategies or programmes for minimizing high-stress level, risk factors and their attendant effects so that faculty staff can cope effectively with work demands for the enhanced achievements of university goals.
Open-Access-Publikationsfonds an österreichischen Universitäten 2017–2020 – Eine Bilanz aus Teilprojekt 3 von “Austrian Transition to Open Access”
Authors: Andrae Magdalena , Blechl Guido , Bodnar Vitali , Capellaro Christof , Ferus Andreas , Herrenbrück Robert , Kaier Christian , Kranewitter Michael , Leitner Edith , Liska Martina , Mayrgündter Eva , Ohrtmann Linda , Pichler Franz , Steinrisser-Allex Gregor
Published: December 2020

Der Beitrag bilanziert Aktivitäten und Arbeitsergebnisse des Teilprojekts 3 des Hochschulraum-Strukturmittel-Projektes „Austrian Transition to Open Access“ (AT2OA). Ziel des Teilprojekts war es, den Aufbau und Betrieb von Open-Access-Publikationsfonds an österreichischen Universitäten in finanzieller, konzeptioneller und organisatorischer Hinsicht zu unterstützen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die Entwicklung von Publikationsfonds in Österreich zwischen 2017 und 2020 zusammengefasst dargestellt und der aktuelle Stand bei den Projektpartnern umrissen. Die Aktivitäten der Arbeitsgruppe werden geschildert und inhaltliche Ergebnisse des Teilprojekts (Arbeitspapiere und Empfehlungen) vorgestellt. Kurzberichte aus 13 Universitäten veranschaulichen die Entwicklung von Publikationsfonds bei den Partnerinstitutionen von AT2OA.
“Learning French Is Like Trying to Skate”: Constructing Identity through Metaphor
Authors: Bokhorst-Heng Wendy D. , Marshall Kelle L.
Published: December 2020

Les auteures explorent l’identité que construisent les élèves de 8e année en immersion française précoce, en leur qualité d’apprenants du français, au sein des communautés de praticiens en milieu scolaire. elles proposent un modèle grâce auquel les métaphores dans l’apprentissage d’une langue peuvent être considérées comme une forme de récit à utiliser à la fois pour susciter et pour analyser les représentations métacognitives des identités socialement situées des élèves à titre d’apprenants d’une langue. Dans le cadre d’une étude plus vaste portant sur l’investissement des élèves en immersion française dans l’apprentissage du français, 31 participants ont construit 85 comparaisons relatives à l’apprentissage et à l’oral et l’écrit en français. Ces comparaisons ont été regroupées en sept métaphores conceptuelles : persévérance, dépassement physique et cognitif, expérience de changement incarné, transformation de soi, malaise incarné, insuffisance et affect. Des échantillons de discours des élèves montrent comment la coconstruction de la métaphore a créé un espace interprétatif pour le développement de leurs identités au sein de leurs communautés de praticiens en milieu scolaire. Enfin, les auteures analysent la pertinence pédagogique de la métaphore pour accroître l’investissement des élèves dans l’apprentissage du français.
Свободные экономические зоны Китая: история и современность
Authors: Сичжэ Ван
Published: December 2020

В данной статье анализируется история создания и развития свободных экономических зон (СЭЗ) Китайской Народной Республики, выделяются и характеризуются основные этапы их развития, демонстрируется современное состояние СЭЗ Китая на примере Гуанчжоу, Хэнань, Ляонин. Автором приводятся экономические показатели и анализ импорта и экспорта СЭЗ.
EHL-İ HAKLAR’DA TOPLUMSAL İLİŞKİLER
Authors: KARACA İbrahim
Published: December 2020

Günümüzde İran İslam Cumhuriyeti devletinin Tebriz, Kirmanşah ve Tahran şehirlerinde yoğun olarak yaşayan Ehl-i Haklar, bölgede yaşayan Kızılbaş topluluklardan birisini oluşturmaktadır. Ehl-i Haklar, Taife, Taife-i San, Yaresan, Yarsan gibi adlandırmalar ile de anılmaktadırlar. Bir kısım araştırmacılar ise Ehl-i Hakları Ali İlahi olarak görmektedirler. Ehl-i Hak İnancı 13. Yy’da Süleymaniye/ Berzence köyünde doğan Sultan İshak tarafından kurulmuştur. Ehl-i Hak inancı, Tanrının belli kişilerde zuhur etmesi inancına dayanmaktadır. Ehl-i Hak inancında ayrıca ‘Donadon’ denilen ruh göçü inanışı da bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma kendisine Ehl-i Hakların toplumsal ilişkilerini konu edinmiştir. Ehl-i Haklar, İran siyasi coğrafyası içerisinde dağınık olarak yaşamaktadırlar. Bu durum Ehl-i Hak araştırmalarını zorlaştırmakta ve araştırmalara farklı bir boyut kazandırmaktadır. Hal böyle olunca Ehl-i Hakların birbirleri, komşuları ve devlet ile olan ilişkilerini araştırmak ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ehl-i Hakların birbirleri, komşuları ve devlet ile olan ilişkileri Nasıldır? Sorusu bu çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu amaçla 2016-2019 yılları arasında İran’ın Tahran, Tebriz ve Kirmanşah şehirleri merkez olarak etnografik alan çalışması yapılmıştır. Etnografik alan çalışması sırasında yapılan katılımlı gözlemler ve derinlemesine görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler çalışmanın amacına uygun olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen veriler araştırmaya kaynaklık etmiştir. Ayrıca sahadan elde edilen Ehl-i Haklara ait birinci elden ana kaynak durumunda olan yazılı kaynaklardan çalışma boyunca istifade edilmiştir.
Merdeka Belajar melalui Penggunaan Media Audio Visual pada Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Deskripsi
Authors: Ariyana Ariyana , Ramdhani Intan Sari , Sumiyani Sumiyani
Published: December 2020

Berpikir kritis dapat mengelola kecerdasan kognitif dan emosional peserta didik, berdasarkan hal tersebut merdeka belajar bagi pendidik dan peserta didik sangat dibutuhkan saat ini. Terutama dalam pembelajaran menulis teks deskripsi melalui media audio visual. Untuk itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan penerapan merdeka belajar melalui penggunaan media audio visual pada pembelajaran menulis teks deskripsi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Objek penelitian ini adalah teks deskripsi melalui media audio visual yang diajarkan pada jenjang SMP kelas VII. Untuk mengumpulkan data digunakan teknik dokumentasi dan observasi. Teknik analisis data dengan cara diseleksi, diinterprestasi, dan disimpulkan. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan member check dan validasi pakar pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 1) media audio visual dapat membantu pendidik dan peserta didik dalam kegiatan pembelajaran menulis teks deskripsi dalam menerapkan kebijakan merdeka belajar, 2) media audio visual yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran menulis teks deskripsi berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan nilai pendidikan, mengajak peserta didik berpikir kritis, serta memberikan pengalaman yang bermakna, 3) media audio visual dapat mempermudah di dalam menuliskan teks deskripsi secara langsung melalui informasi yang didapat, dan 4) media audio visual tidak akan membosankan bagi peserta didik karena materi menulis teks deskripsi yang disampaikan sangat variatif.
INCOME ELASTICITY OF ELECTRIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR DIFFERENT ECONOMIC SECTORS IN COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
Authors: Assis de Salles Andre , Carvalho Werlang Ana Beatriz , Geller Illana , Rocha de Almeida Cunha Gabriel
Published: December 2020

The causal relationship between energy demand and GDP has been the subject of intense research over the past three decades. The present work seeks to analyze the energy consumption evolution of different countries of the world and the relation of the same with the level of economic development, represented by income. For this purpose, an annual database containing gross domestic product and electricity consumption of 143 countries in the period between 1990 and 2014 was prepared. Thus, linear regression models and autoregressive vector models were used to explain the electricity consumption of countries and groups of countries. The results indicated that there is no standard elasticity behavior for most countries with similar levels of economic development. Despite this, a good performance was observed in the simple linear regression for aggregate data in groups of countries, which indicates the possibility of performing a reliable aggregate planning.

Keywords: Electricity Demand, Energy Consumption, Income, GDP, Elasticity.
Tipula (Vestiplex) hasiya sp. nov., a new crane fly species (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Nepal
Authors: Pilipenko V.E. , Starkevich P.
Published: December 2020

A new crane fly species from Nepal, Tipula (Vestiplex) hasiya sp. nov. (Diptera: Tipulidae), is described and illustrated. The male and female genitalia are A new crane fly species from Nepal, Tipula (Vestiplex) hasiya sp. nov. (Diptera: Tipulidae), is described and illustrated. The male and female genitalia are illustrated for the most closely related species, T. (V.) subtincta Brunetti, 1912. The female of T. (V.) subtincta is described for the first time.
Historia de vida de maestra: Jennie Howard, una pionera de la formación de maestras en Argentina
Authors: Vera de Flachs Maria Cristina
Published: December 2020

RESUMEN: Esta investigación  aspira dar a conocer una biografía sobre la vida de Jennie Howard una de las maestras norteamericanas contratadas en Estados Unidos para  venir a la República Argentina junto a un grupo de colegas con el fin de instalar las distintas Escuelas Normales del país para formación de maestras(os). A la vez pretende rendir un homenaje a ella y a las colegas  que  viajaron o estuvieron relacionadas  con la mencionada docente en las distintas escuelas normales donde trabajo. Metodológicamente el artículo se desarrolló a partir de una revisión crítica de la bibliografía especializada en Argentina y Estados Unidos, del escrito de la propia Jennifer donde relata su paso por estas tierras y de fuentes primarias, en particular los periódicos y documentos de la época.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Vida de maestras; Formación de maestras(os); Escuela Normal de Córdoba; Argentina Siglos XIX-XX
Tolstoy Vakfı ve Türkiye’deki Faaliyetleri
Authors: KIYANÇ Sinan
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada Tolstoy Vakfı ve Türkiye’deki faaliyetleri ele alınmaktadır. Vakıf yürüttüğü faaliyetler nedeniyle Soğuk Savaş’ın hemen başında ABD ile SSCB ilişkilerinin kırılmasında rol oynamıştır. Soğuk Savaş sürecinde etkin rol üstlenen vakıf, sivil toplum kuruluşlarının güvenlik merkezli süreçte nasıl etkin rol üstlendiğini göstermektedir. Ünlü yazar Lev N. Tolstoy’un kızı Aleksandra Tolstoy tarafından kurulan Tolstoy Vakfı, kuruluşundan itibaren dünyanın birçok yerinde yardım faaliyetleri yürütmüştür. Kuruluş amacı Rus mültecilere yardım etmek olan vakıf, İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan itibaren dünyanın birçok yerinde savaştan etkilenmiş insanlara yardım sağlamıştır. Bu mültecilerin bir kısmının ABD’ye gitmesini sağlamıştır. Soğuk Savaş yıllarında Avrupa’da, Asya’da ve Güney Amerika’da yürüttüğü faaliyetler ile dikkat çeken vakfın bu süreçte en büyük destekçisi ABD hükümeti olmuştur. Bu destek ile Soğuk Savaş yıllarında ABD’nin SSCB karşısında yürüttüğü mücadelenin bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Türkiye’de uzun yıllardır yaşamlarını sürdüren Malakanlar ve Don Kazakları evlenememelerinden ötürü göç etmeye karar vermişlerdi. Bu karar sonrasında Tolstoy Vakfı yetkilileri Türkiye’ye gelerek bu toplulukları başta ABD olmak üzere Batı Bloku ülkelerine gitmeleri için ikna etmeye çalışmıştır. Bir taraftan da SSCB yetkilileri toplulukların anavatanlarına dönmeleri için sürdürdükleri faaliyetler nedeniyle Tolstoy Vakfı ile karşı karşıya gelmişlerdir. Bu süreçte Türkiye toprakları Soğuk Savaş’ın gölgesinde bir çekişmeye sahne olmuştur. Tolstoy Vakfı’nın çalışmaları sonrasında toplulukların bir kısmı ABD’ye gitmiştir. Vakfı bu faaliyetlerinde ABD resmi kurumlarıyla ortak hareket etmiştir.
Psikolojik Sözleşme İhlalinin Örgütsel Sinizm Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Çağrı Merkezi Sektöründe Bir Araştırma
Authors: KOÇOĞLU SAZKAYA Merve , TÜRKÖZÜ Özlem
Published: December 2020

İş görenler örgütlerin hedeflerini gerçekleştirebilmesi amacıyla istihdam edilmesinekarşın bireysel beklentilerini karşılamak için çalışmaktadırlar. Örgütler, iş görenlerinbeklentileri karşılamadığı takdirde psikolojik sözleşme ihlali oluşabilir. Aynı zamanda,beklentileri karşılanmayan iş görenler örgütlerinin verdiği sözü tutmadığını algılamaktaolup örgütlerine yönelik öfke, kızgınlık ve hayal kırıklığı hissedebilir, örgütünündürüstlükten yoksun olduğuna inanabilir ve bu durum örgütsel sinizme nedenolabilir. Bahsi geçen ilişki çerçevesinde psikolojik sözleşme ihlalinin örgütsel sinizmeneden olabileceği görüşünden hareketle bu çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Literatürdepsikolojik sözleşme ihlali ve örgütsel sinizm kavramlarına yönelik çalışmalar olmasınakarşın çağrı merkezi sektöründe beyaz yakalı iş görenlere yönelik bir çalışmayarastlanmaması bu çalışmanın özgünlüğüdür. Araştırmanın örneklemini İstanbul’daçağrı merkezinde sektöründe görev yapan 191 beyaz yakalı iş gören oluşturmaktadır.Araştırmada veri toplama yöntemi olan anket tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Aynızamanda araştırmada elde edilen veriler SPSS programında nicel analiz yöntemi kullanılarakanaliz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre psikolojik sözleşme ihlalinin örgütselsinizm üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Bunun yanısıra, araştırmada psikolojik sözleşme ihlalinin örgütsel sinizm boyutları üzerinde de(bilişsel sinizm, duyuşsal sinizm ve davranışsal sinizm) anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü etkisiolduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Ermenistan Devleti’nin Kurulması ve Bölgeden Azerbaycan Türklerinin Zorunlu Göç Ettirilmesi (1906-1953)
Authors: BAYRAMOV Amrah , EDİ Ahmet
Published: December 2020

Güney Kafkasya’da günümüzde mevcut olan Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti’nin temeli ÇarlıkRusya’nın bölgeyi işgali sonrası atılmıştır. Kuzey Azerbaycan sınırları içinde yeralan Revan ve çevre bölgelerinde Rus desteği ile Ermeniler kendi devletlerini oluşturmuştur.Bu bölgelerde Ermeni nüfus sayısını artırmak için Çarlık Rusya, İran veOsmanlı topraklarından binlerce Ermeni’yi göç ettirerek bölgeye yerleştirmiştir. XX.yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde Ermeniler bölgede nüfus üstünlüğü sağlamak için Müslümannüfusa karşı katliamlarını gerçekleştirmişlerdir. Böylece on binlerce Müslüman öldürülmüştür.Hayatta kalanlar ise bölgeden göç etmek zorunda kalmışlardır. Buna ilaveolarak Ermeniler, 1991 yılına kadar bölgede çoğunluğu oluşturan Müslümanların nüfusüstünlüğünü kırmak için bölgede zorunlu göç faaliyetlerini gerçekleştirmişlerdir.Ermeniler tarafından bölgedeki Müslümanlara karşı girişilen bu sistematik göçler1948-1953 ve 1988-1991 yılları arası gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu göçler ile Ermeniler, istedikleriTürksüz Ermenistan Devleti’ni oluşturmayı başarmışlardır.Çalışmada bahsi geçen “Ermenistan Devleti’nin Kurulması ve Bölgeden AzerbaycanTürklerinin Zorunlu Göç Ettirilmesi”, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman vebelge analizi yöntemi kullanılarak ele alınmıştır. Böylece arşiv belgeleri, gazeteler vedönemi anlatan birinci elden kaynaklar incelenerek objektif bir çalışma ortaya çıkarılmıştır
MODERN VIEWS ON TOOTH WHITENING
Authors: Kyrmanov O.S. , Lemeshko A.V.
Published: December 2020

Resume. In the modern world, the appearance of teeth is of great importance. Beautiful white teeth are not only a sign of good health, but also an element of culture and well-being.

Definition, the individual natural color of the teeth is mainly determined by dentin, however, the color, transparency, thickness and degree of mineralization of the enamel affect the color of dentin. Any changes in dentin and enamel during the formation, development and after teething can cause changes in light guide properties, and accordingly, changes in color.

Purpose. Analysis of the sources of scientific and medical information about the features of tooth whitening by various methods and their effectiveness with the presentation of their own clinical examples. Methods. An analytical review of the literature on various methods of teeth whitening and indications and contraindications to these methods.

Results. There are different options for coloring teeth and they call as external and internal. A separate category of discolors is such as internalized staining, when external chromogens penetrate into the hard tissues of the tooth. Treatment of diseases and conditions accompanied by discoloration of the teeth is complex and may include therapeutic (occupational hygiene, whitening, restoration) and orthopedic measures. Teeth whitening is a chemical oxidation process in which the color of enamel and dentin changes from dark to light. Modern bleaching systems are based on the use of preparations of hydrogen peroxide or urea peroxide in combination with activating factors. Currently, the following main types of whitening systems are widely used in dental practice: for professional use in the clinic, for home use under the supervision of a doctor, for home use without a doctor's supervision, for example, whitening toothpastes, strips, pencils and standardized caps with gel inside. The work presents various options for teeth whitening from home to clinical and professional. Indications and contraindications to the teeth whitening procedure and its protocol are given. The analysis of the results of modern scientific research in dentistry shows that now it is possible to consider that professional whitening is effective. That is why the use of high-intensity blue diode light (LED) is quite promising, especially when eliminating deep tooth pigmentation. One of the most popular brands in the world of whitening is Philips Zoom system. The Philips Zoom WhiteSpeed lamp is a fundamentally new technology in which the manufacturer has used LEDs as a light source, which has made the teeth whitening process more comfortable and safe for the patient.

Conclusion. To date, researchers and manufacturers have created various well-functioning, safe and comfortable systems for whitening teeth. It is important to find various aspects of tooth whitening and possible hazards. Understanding the operation of various systems and awareness of their advantages and disadvantages will allow you to choose the most optimal system. A professional approach to teeth whitening guarantee success.
Vakuum sušenje u prehrambenoj industriji
Authors: Marelja Marko , Brnčić Mladen , Lasić Monika , Karlović Sven , Bosiljkov Tomislav , Škegro Marko , Ježek Damir , Dujmić Filip
Published: December 2020

Sušenje je jedan od najstarijih i najekonomičnijih procesa produljenja trajnosti hrane. Osušeni proizvodi imaju manju masu i volumen što olakšava i smanjuje troškove pakiranja, skladištenja i transporta. Nedostatci prilikom konvencionalnog sušenja prehrambenih sirovina su toplinska razgradnja nutritivno vrijednih sastojaka, boje, mogući gubitci arome, nepoželjne promjene oblika i teksturalnih svojstava te enzimsko posmeđivanje. Ti nedostatci se mogu značajno smanjiti sušenjem u
vakuumu. Konvencionalno vakuum sušenje i mikrovalno vakuum sušenje te sušenje zamrzavanjem u vakuumu su najpoznatiji procesi sušenja u vakuumu. Prednosti sušenja u vakuumu su niže temperature sušenja što rezultira većim očuvanjem hranjivih tvari proizvoda odnosno boljom kvalitetom sušenog proizvoda.
Presymptomatic Dutch-Type Hereditary Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy-Related Blood Metabolite Alterations
Authors: Chatterjee Pratishtha ,   Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network, Fagan Anne M. , Xiong Chengjie , McKay Matthew , Bhatnagar Atul , Wu Yunqi , Singh Abhay K. , Taddei Kevin , Martins Ian , Gardener Samantha L. , Molloy Mark P. , Multhaup Gerhard , Masters Colin L. , Schofield Peter R. , Benzinger Tammie L.S. , Morris John C. , Bateman Randall J. , Greenberg Steven M. , Wermer Marieke J.H. , van Buchem Mark A. , Sohrabi Hamid R. , Martins Ralph N.
Published: December 2020

Background: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is one of the major causes of intracerebral hemorrhage and vascular dementia in older adults. Early diagnosis will provide clinicians with an opportunity to intervene early with suitable strategies, highlighting the importance of pre-symptomatic CAA biomarkers. Objective: Investigation of pre-symptomatic CAA related blood metabolite alterations in Dutch-type hereditary CAA mutation carriers (D-CAA MCs). Methods: Plasma metabolites were measured using mass-spectrometry (AbsoluteIDQ® p400 HR kit) and were compared between pre-symptomatic D-CAA MCs (n = 9) and non-carriers (D-CAA NCs, n = 8) from the same pedigree. Metabolites that survived correction for multiple comparisons were further compared between D-CAA MCs and additional control groups (cognitively unimpaired adults). Results: 275 metabolites were measured in the plasma, 22 of which were observed to be significantly lower in theD-CAAMCs compared to D-CAA NCs, following adjustment for potential confounding factors age, sex, and APOE ε4 (p < 0.05). After adjusting for multiple comparisons, only spermidine remained significantly lower in theD-CAAMCscompared to theD-CAA NCs (p < 0.00018). Plasma spermidine was also significantly lower in D-CAA MCs compared to the cognitively unimpaired young adult and older adult groups (p < 0.01). Spermidinewas also observed to correlate with CSF Aβ40 (rs = 0.621, p = 0.024), CSF Aβ42 (rs = 0.714, p = 0.006), and brain Aβ load (rs = –0.527, p = 0.030). Conclusion: The current study provides pilot data on D-CAA linked metabolite signals, that also associated with Aβ neuropathology and are involved in several biological pathways that have previously been linked to neurodegeneration and dementia.
DIBI, a novel polymeric iron chelator modulates IL-6 and IL-8 secretion from Cystic Fibrosis airway epithelial cells in response to endotoxin induction
Authors: Aali Maral , Caldwell Alexa , Li Audrey , Holbein Bruce , Chappe Valerie , Lehmann Christian
Published: December 2020

Iron chelators have been utilized clinically to treat patients with iron overload conditions. There is a growing body of evidence linking iron dysregulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction as underlying factors in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) disease. The chronic inflammation can lead to progressive airway destruction. Alleviation of this chronic inflammation is a potential target for CF treatment and thus, this research investigated the dose-response effects of DIBI, a novel iron chelator, on inflammation in CF nasal epithelial cells. Polarized CF cells were stimulated with, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), co-treated with DIBI (LPS+DIBI), or DIBI alone (DIBI). We demonstrated that DIBI modulated the release of IL-6 and IL-8 in CF cells in a dose-dependent manner. Reduction of extracellular iron with the lower doses of DIBI (25 and 50μM), increased IL-6 secretion in non-induced cells. LPS challenge increased IL-6 and IL-8 secretion which was suppressed by high dose (200μM) DIBI administration. This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of iron chelation therapy to treat the dysregulation of the immune response in CF patients.
Analysis of regional economic evaluation based on machine learning
Authors: Xu Xiaoying , Zeng Zhijian
Published: December 2020

The regional economic evaluation and analysis has guiding significance for the subsequent economic strategy formulation. Due to the influence of various factors, the volatility of some current economic evaluation models is relatively large. According to the needs of regional economic evaluation, this study uses computer technology combined with regional economic development to build an economic development evaluation model to evaluate and analyze the regional economy. Through comparative analysis, this study selects the entropy weight-TOPSIS model as the comprehensive evaluation model of regional economy, uses the entropy weight method to determine the weight of each index, and then uses the TOPSIS method to conduct comprehensive evaluation. In addition, this study designs a control experiment to analyze the performance of this study model. Moreover, this study uses the model proposed in this study to conduct regional economic evaluation in recent years, and compares it with real data, and observes the test results with statistical charts and table data. The research results show that this research model has a certain effect, which can provide analytical tools for the follow-up economic strategy research and analysis.
Standardized delivery room management for neonates with a prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease: A model for improving interdisciplinary delivery room care
Authors: Sethi N. , Klugman D. , Said M. , Hom L. , Bowers S. , Berger J.T. , Wernovsky G. , Donofrio M.T.
Published: December 2020

Precise characterization of cardiac anatomy and physiology through fetal echocardiography can predict early postnatal clinical course. Some neonates with prenatally defined critical congenital heart disease have anticipated precipitous compromise during perinatal transition for which specialized, diagnosis-specific delivery room care can be arranged to expeditiously stabilize cardiopulmonary hemodynamics. In this article, we describe our institutional approach to the delivery room care of neonates with prenatally diagnosed congenital heart disease, emphasizing our diagnosis-specific care pathways for newborns with critical disease.