bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanomaterial–microbe cross-talk: physicochemical principles and (patho)biological consequences
Authors: Westmeier D. , Hahlbrock A. , Reinhardt C. , Fröhlich-Nowoisky J. , Wessler S. , Vallet C. , Pöschl U. , Knauer S. K. , Stauber R. H.
Published: May 2018

NPs’ characteristics impact their spontaneous binding to microbes, which may affect the (patho)biological identity of both NP and microbes.
Field studies reveal functions of chemical mediators in plant interactions
Authors: Schuman Meredith C. , Baldwin Ian T.
Published: May 2018

Chemistry structures plant interactions, providing information and instructions to other organisms; and may be traceable through an interaction network.
Nanomaterial-based devices for point-of-care diagnostic applications
Authors: Quesada-González Daniel , Merkoçi Arben
Published: May 2018

In this review, we have discussed the capabilities of nanomaterials for point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics and explained how these materials can help to strengthen, miniaturize and improve the quality of diagnostic devices.
Aptameric detection of quinine in reclaimed wastewater using a personal glucose meter
Authors: Qiu Yong , Gu Chunmei , Li Bing , Shi Hanchang
Published: May 2018

Quantification of small-molecule analytes in an aqueous environment remains expensive due to the high costs of instruments and human resources.
Ring-expanded N-heterocyclic carbenes as ligands in iron-catalysed cross-coupling reactions of arylmagnesium reagents and aryl chlorides
Authors: Teng Qiaoqiao , Wu Wenqin , Duong Hung A. , Huynh Han Vinh
Published: May 2018

Modulation of the steric bulk of N-heterocyclic carbenes by altering the ring size and N-substituents, and their performance in iron-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.
Simultaneous quadruple-channel optical transduction of a nanosensor for multiplexed qualitative and quantitative analysis of lectins
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhang Yue , He Hui , Yang Haimei , Wei Weili
Published: May 2018

Simultaneous transduction of quadruple-channel signals endows a nanosensor with high accuracy, specificity, sensitivity and measurement convenience for multiplexed lectin analysis.
An anionic sod-type terbium-MOF with extra-large cavities for effective anthocyanin extraction and methyl viologen detection
Authors: Du Wei , Zhu Zhifeng , Bai Yue-Ling , Yang Zhen , Zhu Shourong , Xu Jiaqiang , Xie Zhaoxiong , Fang Jianhui
Published: May 2018

An anionic sod-type zeolitic MOF with extra-large cavities has been synthesized through a 4 + 6 strategy, which can efficiently extract natural product anthocyanins from blackberries and rapidly release them into NaCl aqueous solution.
Photocatalytic chemoselective cleavage of C–O bonds under hydrogen gas- and acid-free conditions
Authors: Imamura Kazuya , Kato Hiroko , Wada Yuichiro , Makabe Kazuhiro , Onda Ayumu , Tanaka Atsuhiro , Kominami Hiroshi , Sato Katsutoshi , Nagaoka Katsutoshi
Published: May 2018

In the presence of a palladium-loaded TiO2 photocatalyst, the cleavage of benzyl phenyl ether derivatives afforded toluenes and phenols simultaneously.
Mechano-responsive room temperature luminescence variations of boron conjugated pyrene in air
Authors: Wakchaure Vivek C. , Ranjeesh Kayaramkodath C. , Goudappagouda Goudappagouda , Das Tamal , Vanka Kumar , Gonnade Rajesh , Babu Sukumaran S.
Published: May 2018

Room temperature mechanophosphorescence in air.
Solid state deracemisation of two imine-derivatives of phenylglycine derivatives via high-pressure homogenisation and temperature cycles
Authors: Maggioni Giovanni Maria , Fernández-Ronco María P. , van der Meijden Maarten W. , Kellogg Richard M. , Mazzotti Marco
Published: May 2018

After reviewing several techniques for solid-state deracemisation, we study the deracemisation of two drug precursors with two different techniques.
Ultra-fast precipitation of transient amorphous cerium oxalate in concentrated nitric acid media
Authors: Rodríguez-Ruiz Isaac , Charton Sophie , Radajewski Dimitri , Bizien Thomas , Teychené Sébastien
Published: May 2018

Amorphous cerium oxalate precipitates as a primary transient precursor for the crystalline phase by means of a binodal phase separation.
Two luminescent lanthanide–organic frameworks containing bithiophene groups for the selective detection of nitrobenzene and Fe3+
Authors: Dou Ai-Na , Yang Li-Bo , Fang Xiao-Dan , Yin Qi , Li Mao-Dong , Li Ju , Wang Mei-Yan , Zhu Ai-Xin , Xu Quan-Qing
Published: May 2018

Two isostructural lanthanide–organic frameworks containing bithiophene groups can be used as fast-response fluorescent probes for the sensitive detection of nitrobenzene and Fe3+ ions through fluorescence quenching.
Fluorine substituent effect on the stereochemistry of catalyzed and non-catalyzed Diels–Alder reactions. The case of R-butenone with cyclopentadiene: a computational assessment of the mechanism
Authors: Merzoud Lynda , Saal Amar , Moussaoui Ramdane , Ouamerali Ourida , Morell Christophe , Chermette Henry
Published: May 2018

A semiquantitative prediction of stereoselectivity due to substitutions of dienophile is obtained.
A theoretical insight into a feasible strategy for the fabrication of borophane
Authors: Qin Gangqiang , Du Aijun , Sun Qiao
Published: May 2018

This theoretical study demonstrates a feasible strategy for the fabrication of borophane through the mechanism of hydrogen decomposition on charged borophene.
Deciphering the chemoselectivity of nickel-dependent quercetin 2,4-dioxygenase
Authors: Wang Wen-Juan , Wei Wen-Jie , Liao Rong-Zhen
Published: May 2018

QM/MM calculations were performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism and chemoselectivity of 2,4-QueD. The protonation state of the first-shell ligand Glu74 plays an important role in dictating the selectivity.
Probing the effect of β-triketonates in visible and NIR emitting lanthanoid complexes
Authors: Abad Galán Laura , Reid Brodie L. , Stagni Stefano , Sobolev Alexandre N. , Skelton Brian W. , Moore Evan G. , Hanan Garry S. , Zysman-Colman Eli , Ogden Mark I. , Massi Massimiliano
Published: May 2018

Investigating the effect of the third ketone arm on the photophysics of visible and NIR emitting lanthanoid β-triketonate complexes.
Highly active aluminium catalysts for room temperature ring-opening polymerisation of rac-lactide
Authors: Gesslbauer S. , Cheek H. , White A. J. P. , Romain C.
Published: May 2018

New aluminium catalysts for room temperature rac-lactide ROP.
Determination of strontium 90 in environmental samples by triple quadrupole ICP-MS and its application to Fukushima soil samples
Authors: Ohno Takeshi , Hirono Mutsumi , Kakuta Shinichiro , Sakata Shuhei
Published: May 2018

The determination of 90Sr by triple quadrupole ICP-MS is capable of providing a high sample throughput compared with radiometric analytical methods.
Efficient copper-catalyzed amination of DNA-conjugated aryl iodides under mild aqueous conditions
Authors: Ruff Yves , Berst Frédéric
Published: May 2018

A practical and efficient protocol for the amination of DNA-conjugated aryl iodide using a novel ligand was developed.
Stable and efficient generation of poly(β-amino ester)s for RNAi delivery
Authors: Dosta P. , Ramos V. , Borrós S.
Published: May 2018

Cationic polymers are promising delivery systems for RNAi due to their ease of manipulation, scale-up conditions and transfection efficiency.
Solvatochromism and fluorescence response of a halogen bonding anion receptor
Authors: Sun Jiyu , Riel Asia Marie S. , Berryman Orion B.
Published: May 2018

A pair of 2,6-bis(4-ethynylpyridinyl)-4-fluoroaniline XB and HB receptors display solvatochromic absorption and emission.
Synthesis, surface properties and temperature dependence of phase separation of DSPE chains in ethanol solutions
Authors: Zhou Juying , Lan Yanjiao , Lei Fuhou , Zhao Yanzhi , Lu Jianfang , Huang Qin , Li Pengfei , Li Hao , Zhang Jinyan
Published: May 2018

The surface properties, phase separation processes and kinetics of a DSPE/ethanol solution were investigated.
Cost effective synthesis of a copper-1H-imidazole@activated carbon metal organic framework as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Elanthamilan E. , Rajkumar S. , Rajavalli R. , Merlin J. Princy
Published: May 2018

A simple and sonochemically synthesized Cu-IC MOF exhibits good supercapacitive behaviour.
Core–shell nanoparticles for gas phase detection based on silver nanospheres coated with a thin molecularly imprinted polymer adsorbed on a chemiresistor
Authors: Shahar Tehila , Feldheim Gil , Marx Sharon , Mandler Daniel
Published: May 2018

Silver nanoparticles coated with a thin molecularly imprinted polymer film spread onto an interdigitated array electrode chemiresistor for gaseous linalool detection.
Gas adsorbates are Coulomb scatterers, rather than neutral ones, in a monolayer MoS2 field effect transistor
Authors: Ji Hyunjin , Yi Hojoon , Seok Jinbong , Kim Hyun , Lee Young Hee , Lim Seong Chu
Published: May 2018

The influence of the adsorbates from the atmosphere on the transport properties of a CVD-grown monolayer MoS2 FET is studied.
Base-controlled Fe(Pc)-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of thiols for the synthesis of S–S and S–P(O) bonds
Authors: Huang Hai , Ash Jeffrey , Kang Jun Yong
Published: May 2018

Base-controlled Fe(Pc)-catalyzed S–S/S–P(O) bond formation.
Remarkable colorimetric sensing behavior of pyrazole-based chemosensor towards Cu(ii) ion detection: synthesis, characterization and theoretical investigations
Authors: Nayak Nagaraj , Prasad Kollur Shiva , Pillai Renjith Raveendran , Armaković Stevan , Armaković Sanja J.
Published: May 2018

A novel chemosensor for Cu2+ ion detection with LOD 1.6 μM.
Functionalization of composite bacterial cellulose with C60nanoparticles for wound dressing and cancer therapy
Authors: Chu Minglei , Gao Huichang , Liu Sa , Wang Lin , Jia Yongguang , Gao Meng , Wan Miaojian , Xu Chengfang , Ren Li
Published: May 2018

A series of novel BCC60composites as multifunctional wound dressings for skin cancer treatment were successfully fabricated using an original dehydration-rehydration method.
Correction: Luminescence property tuning of Yb3+–Er3+ doped oxysulfide using multiple-band co-excitation
Authors: Wang Hong , Yin Xiumei , Xing Mingming , Fu Yao , Tian Ying , Pang Tao , Feng Xin , Jiang Tao , Luo Xixian
Published: May 2018

Correction for ‘Luminescence property tuning of Yb3+–Er3+ doped oxysulfide using multiple-band co-excitation’ by Hong Wanga et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 16557–16565.
A hybrid molecular photoanode for efficient light-induced water oxidation
Authors: Grau Sergi , Berardi Serena , Moya Alicia , Matheu Roc , Cristino Vito , Vilatela Juan José , Bignozzi Carlo A. , Caramori Stefano , Gimbert-Suriñach Carolina , Llobet Antoni
Published: May 2018

A hybrid photoanode, made of a multilayered heterostructured WO3/BiVO4 semiconductor, a carbon nanotube fibre and a rugged and highly active molecular water oxidation catalyst is described.
Collective dynamics of self-propelled semiflexible filaments
Authors: Duman Özer , Isele-Holder Rolf E. , Elgeti Jens , Gompper Gerhard
Published: May 2018

Active semiflexible filaments – modelled as tangentially driven self-propelled worm-like chains – exhibit a rich collective dynamics. Brownian dynamics simulations reveal several phases, from spiralling and motile clusters to jamming and active turbulence.
Reappearance of slow mode in mixtures of polyethylene glycol and poly(sodium methacrylate)
Authors: Kogej Ksenija , Štirn Jaka , Reščič Jurij
Published: May 2018

After addition of poly(ethylene glycol) to a solution of poly(sodium methacrylate), the slow-mode dynamic light scattering signal reappears.
Active cargo transport with Janus colloidal shuttles using electric and magnetic fields
Authors: Demirörs Ahmet F. , Akan Mehmet Tolga , Poloni Erik , Studart André R.
Published: May 2018

Active colloids show non-equilibrium behavior that departs from classical Brownian motion, thus providing a platform for novel fundamental phenomena and for enticing possible applications ranging from water treatment to medicine and microrobotics. Here, we use active colloidal shuttles to controllably transport cargo at the microscale using external electric and magnetic fields.
Sulfur-bridged tetraphenylethylene AIEgens for deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Cai Yuanjing , Shi Changsheng , Zhang Han , Chen Bin , Samedov Kerim , Chen Ming , Wang Zhiming , Zhao Zujin , Gu Xinggui , Ma Dongge , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: May 2018

Pure color deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes based on sulfur-bridged tetraphenylethylene AIEgens show efficient device performances.
Decreased expression of circulating Aire and increased Tfh/Tfr cells in myasthenia gravis patients
Authors: Zhao Sijia , Ding Jiaqi , Wang Shengyuan , Li Chuan , Guo Peng , Zhang Min , Li Zhuyi
Published: May 2018

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare prototypical autoimmune disorder caused by antibodies (Ab) against postsynaptic membrane proteins. Most reports have investigated the role of autoimmune regulator gene (Aire) in thymic tissue in machianism of MG initiation. So far, the expression of Aire in human peripheral blood cells (we call it circulating Aire expression in the following passage) has not been reported. Herein, we explore the expression of Aire in peripharal blood, circulating T-follicular helper (cTfh) and T-follicular regulatory (cTfr) cells in MG patients. In our research, we found that the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) Ab level is higher in generalized MG (GMG) than that in ocular MG (OMG). Compared with the control group (CG), lower expression of Aire was found in MG patients, especially in GMG. The ratio of Tfh/Tfr was higher in GMG patients, and then in the OMG patients, and lowest in CG. All these differences above were statistically significant. Negative relation was discovered between expression of Aire in circulating blood and ratio of Tfh/Tfr, so did it exist between Aire expression and the severity of MG. Meanwhile, positive relation was discovered between ratio of Tfh/Tfr and the severity of MG. However, no significant relation was manifested in our study between the subset age of MG and Aire level. Overall, these findings imply circulating Aire might play a role in the imbalance of cTfh and cTfr cells and participate in the pathogenesis of MG.
Identification of Phenotypic Patterns of Dysphagia: A Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Garand Kendrea L. (Focht) , Armeson Kent E. , Hill Elizabeth G. , Martin-Harris Bonnie
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of the current project was to explore the feasibility for subtyping dysphagia traits or patterns of scores in a subset of data from the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile global registry in patients referred to videofluoroscopic swallowing studies across 5 common medical categories: (a) cardiothoracic, (b) gastroenterology, (c) head and neck cancer, (d) neurology, and (e) pulmonary.

Method

Videofluoroscopic swallowing study imaging and Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile metrics were used to evaluate 235 patients with dysphagia grouped into 1 of the 5 categories. Two summative domain scores (oral total [OT] and pharyngeal total [PT]) and 17 component scores were tested for differences among the categories.

Results

When compared with the gastroenterology category, significantly higher OT/PT scores were observed in neurology and pulmonary categories (all
p
values < .05). Four oral and 6 pharyngeal domain components significantly differed across medical categories: tongue control during bolus hold (all
p
values < .04).

Conclusions

The results of this feasibility study demonstrate that summative scores of swallowing physiology alone are not sufficiently robust to distinguish subtypes of dysphagia in broad, heterogeneous medical categories. Using OT/PT as subtypes only separated gastroenterology from the other categories, suggesting overlap in OT/PT scores between the latter categories.
Predicting Receptive–Expressive Vocabulary Discrepancies in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: McDaniel Jena , Yoder Paul , Woynaroski Tiffany , Watson Linda R.
Published: May 2018

Purpose

Correlates of receptive–expressive vocabulary size discrepancies may provide insights into why language development in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) deviates from typical language development and ultimately improve intervention outcomes.

Method

We indexed receptive–expressive vocabulary size discrepancies of 65 initially preverbal children with ASD (20–48 months) to a comparison sample from the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories Wordbank (Frank, Braginsky, Yurovsky, & Marchman, 2017) to quantify typicality. We then tested whether attention toward a speaker and oral motor performance predict typicality of the discrepancy 8 months later.

Results

Attention toward a speaker correlated positively with receptive–expressive vocabulary size discrepancy typicality. Imitative and nonimitative oral motor performance were not significant predictors of vocabulary size discrepancy typicality. Secondary analyses indicated that midpoint receptive vocabulary size mediated the association between initial attention toward a speaker and end point receptive–expressive vocabulary size discrepancy typicality.

Conclusions

Findings support the hypothesis that variation in attention toward a speaker might partially explain receptive–expressive vocabulary size discrepancy magnitude in children with ASD. Results are consistent with an input-processing deficit explanation of language impairment in this clinical population. Future studies should test whether attention toward a speaker is malleable and causally related to receptive–expressive discrepancies in children with ASD.
Predicting Remembering: Judgments of Prospective Memory After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: O'Brien Katy H. , Kennedy Mary R. T.
Published: May 2018

Purpose

Adults with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) often struggle with prospective memory (PM), the ability to remember to complete tasks in the future, such as taking medicines on a schedule. Metamemory judgments (or how well we think we will do at remembering) are linked to strategy use and are critical for managing demands of daily living. The current project used an Internet-based virtual reality tool to assess metamemory judgments of PM following TBI.

Method

Eighteen adults with moderate to severe TBI and 20 healthy controls (HCs) playedTying the String,a virtual reality game with PM items embedded across the course of a virtual work week. Participants studied PM items and made two judgments of learning about the likelihood of recognizing the CUE, that is, when the task should be done, and of recalling the TASK, that is, what needed to be done.

Results

Participants with TBI adjusted their metamemory expectations downward, but not enough to account for poorer recall performance. Absolute difference scores of metamemory accuracy showed that healthy adults were underconfident across PM components, whereas adults with TBI were markedly overconfident about their ability to recall TASKs.

Conclusions

Adults with TBI appear to have a general knowledge that PM tasks will be difficult but are poor monitors of actual levels of success. Because metamemory monitoring is linked to strategy use, future work should examine using this link to direct PM intervention approaches.
How Do Children Organize Their Speech in the First Years of Life? Insight From Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Noiray Aude , Abakarova Dzhuma , Rubertus Elina , Krüger Stella , Tiede Mark
Published: May 2018

Purpose

This study reports on a cross-sectional investigation of lingual coarticulation in 57 typically developing German children (4 cohorts from 3.5 to 7 years of age) as compared with 12 adults. It examines whether the organization of lingual gestures for intrasyllabic coarticulation differs as a function of age and consonantal context.

Method

Using the technique of ultrasound imaging, we recorded movement of the tongue articulator during the production of pseudowords, including various vocalic and consonantal contexts.

Results

Results from linear mixed-effects models show greater lingual coarticulation in all groups of children as compared with adults with a significant decrease from the kindergarten years (at ages 3, 4, and 5 years) to the end of the 1st year into primary school (at age 7 years). Additional differences in coarticulation degree were found across and within age groups as a function of the onset consonant identity (/b/, /d/, and /g/).

Conclusions

Results support the view that, although coarticulation degree decreases with age, children do not organize consecutive articulatory gestures with a uniform organizational scheme (e.g., segmental or syllabic). Instead, results suggest that coarticulatory organization is sensitive to the underlying articulatory properties of the segments combined.
Vehicular traffic optimisation and even distribution using ant colony in smart city environment
Authors: Rehman Abdul , Mazhar Rathore Muhammad , Paul Anand , Saeed Faisal , Ahmad Raja Wasim
Published: May 2018

For a few years, route optimisation and efficient traffic flow are a big challenge, especially in a current situation when 54.5% population is living in the urban environment all over the world. At peak hours, the traffic jams in urban areas are frequent. Lots of works have been done in finding the shortest path to optimise the route to the destination in minimum time. However, moving vehicles toward the shorter paths causes a severe traffic jam in the city. Therefore, in this study, the authors proposed a framework to enhance the efficiency of the ant colony optimisation (ACO) algorithm to optimise the vehicular traffic, i.e. named as smart traffic distribution ACO. It helps to optimise the route and city traffic efficiently while avoiding congestion in all circumstances using up‐to‐date city traffic data. Their proposed framework finds the optimal path in such a way that the traffic flow on each road remains normal. The detection of congestion on the road at an early stage and even distribution of traffic on all roads helps to achieve maximum flow, speed, and optimum density of the roads.
Dynamic performance improvement of single‐phase PWM converters with power hysteresis control scheme
Authors: Liu Bi , Song Wensheng , Ma Junpeng , Feng Xiaoyun , Li Wei
Published: May 2018

This study presents a direct power control (DPC) scheme with pulse width modulation module and two hysteresis comparators, for the application in single‐phase PWM converters to overcome the drawbacks of conventional proportion‐integration‐based DPC (PI‐based DPC), including poor dynamic performance and complexity of tuning PI parameters. According to the outputs of inner‐loop power hysteresis controllers, the proposed DPC scheme divides d–q reference frame into four sectors. In each sector, the dynamic power components are estimated to be equivalent as the outputs of PI controllers in PI‐based DPC. The proposed DPC scheme provides a new solution of non‐linear hysteresis control to achieve fast dynamic performance with constant switching frequency. Additionally, due to inductance parameter mismatch, the effect on powers is analysed in detail, and an inductance parameter on‐line estimation method is present and discussed. A comprehensive comparison of conventional table‐based DPC, PI‐based DPC and the proposed DPC methods has been conducted in this study, including steady‐state performance with respect to different factors, and dynamic response under different extreme conditions. The experimental results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed DPC scheme.
Non‐isolated high step‐up three‐port converter with single magnetic element for photovoltaic systems
Authors: Honarjoo Babak , Madani Seyed M. , Niroomand Mehdi , Adib Ehsan
Published: May 2018

A new non‐isolated high‐voltage gain three‐port converter for standalone photovoltaic systems is proposed. The magnetic element of this converter is only one coupled inductor. The primary winding of the coupled inductor is shared between battery charger circuit and main converter. Leakage inductance energy of the coupled inductor is either transferred to battery or is regenerated via the passive‐clamp circuit. Using switched capacitor and voltage lift techniques, the voltage gain is significantly increased for both low‐voltage ports. Single magnetic element, high‐voltage gain with reasonable duty cycle, low‐voltage stress on the switches, low winding turn ratio of coupled inductor and high efficiency are the merits of this converter. The operation principles and the steady‐state analysis are described for the three modes of: single‐input single‐output, single‐input dual‐output and dual‐input single‐output. To verify the theoretical analysis, a laboratory prototype with 28 V input, 48 V battery voltage and 380 V output voltage is implemented and tested.
Coupled‐winding‐based 11‐level inverter: design and cost analysis
Authors: Saleh Ahari Shirin , Babaei Ebrahim , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Ajami Ali
Published: May 2018

A new 11‐level inverter using a coupled inductor and a transformer is proposed. The proposed inverter increases maximum output voltage and decreases current stress on switches. A comprehensive comparison is conducted among the proposed inverter and some of the recent presented inverters in terms of number of components, maximum output voltage, and voltage and current stresses on the switches. Moreover, the design calculations of a single‐phase inverter in addition to the transformer and coupled inductor design are given. In order to verify the performance of the proposed topologies, the experimental results are presented.
Understanding the ageing behaviour of transformer oil–paper insulation with ester and mixed dielectric fluids
Authors: Rao U. Mohan , Kumar Y. Narendra , Jarial Raj Kumar
Published: May 2018

Study of alternate fluids for transformer and their combination with traditional ones is an interesting area of research. The intent of this work is to investigate the thermal ageing performance of ester oils (synthetic and natural), and mixed oil vis‐à‐vis mineral oil. All the samples were thermally stressed at 110, 140, 160, and 185°C for 2 weeks each. Dissolved decay contents in oil and linear thermal expansion coefficients of solid insulation have been studied using ultraviolet visible infrared spectroscopy and dilatometry analysis, respectively, as per ASTM standards. Change in functional groups of the insulation oils with ageing have been understood by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Additionally, diffusion of oil–moisture mixture into paper with ageing and the corresponding effect on dielectric strength of paper has been also examined using ASTM standards. It is observed that the use of synthetic ester (SE) and addition of SE to mineral insulating oil lead to improved performance of oil–paper insulation system with retarding the rate of degradation of the insulation system.
Singular perturbed components of flows – linear precursors of shock waves
Authors: Chashechkin Yuli D.
Published: May 2018

A comparative analysis of the infinitesimal symmetries of various well-known systems of governing equations used for mathematical descriptions of flows and waves in fluids has shown that only the basic system of equations, including the empirical equation of state and the partial differential equations of mass, momentum, energy and matter transport, is characterized by a ten-parameter Galilean transformation group. An analysis of the complete solutions of the linearized system of fundamental equations for weakly dissipating media reveals a wide class of previously unknown singularly perturbed solutions supplementing well investigated regular solutions describing propagating waves. Fine flow components, whose geometry is typical for internal boundary layers that supplement the wave fields exist both at the boundaries and inside the volume of the liquid, are classified as linear precursors of shock waves. The calculated pattern of periodic internal waves beams covered with high-gradient envelopes agrees with data from independently performed experiments on measurements and visualization of the fine structure of linear and nonlinear waves in continuously stratified media.
Chirurgische Möglichkeiten der Glaukomtherapie
Authors: Dietlein Thomas , Rosentreter André
Published: May 2018

Die Glaukomchirurgie erfährt einen Innovationsschub insbesondere durch neue Mikroimplantate. Auch lange bestehende glaukomchirurgische Verfahren, wie die Trabekulektomie oder die Drainageimplantatchirurgie, erleben eine Aufwertung durch eine Verbesserung ihres Risiko-Nutzen-Profils. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die aktuellen chirurgischen Optionen der Glaukombehandlung.
Optische Versorgung von Sehbehinderten
Authors: von Livonius Bettina
Published: May 2018

Ist bei einem Patienten eine medizinische Versorgung zur Verbesserung des Sehvermögens nicht mehr möglich, dann sollte baldmöglichst eine optische Versorgung mit Sehhilfen stattfinden. In diesem Beitrag wird die Vorgehensweise der Versorgung sehbehinderter Patienten mit optischen und elektronischen Hilfsmitteln und die Beratung über optimale Beleuchtung und Filterbrillen beschrieben.
Isoxazol-5-ones as Strategic Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis
Authors: da Silva Amanda , Fernandes Alessandra , Thurow Samuel , Stivanin Mateus , Jurberg Igor
Published: May 2018

Isoxazol-5-one rings have been identified as relevant motifs in drug candidates, agrochemicals, and materials. Furthermore, this heterocycle has been also applied as a versatile building block for the preparation of a variety of densely functionalized molecules. This short review will present the most representative applications of isoxazol-5-ones in organic synthesis while discussing their properties and reactivity.

1 Introduction

1.1 General Aspects

1.1.1 Tautomerism

1.1.2 Importance: Natural Products Isolation, Biological Activity, and Materials

1.1.3 Preparation Methods

2 Isoxazol-5-ones in Organic Synthesis

2.1 General Reactivity

2.2 Specific Examples

2.2.1 Alkylation Strategies

2.2.2 Alkyne Synthesis

2.2.3 Annulation Reactions

2.2.4 N–O Bond Insertions

2.2.4.1 Preparation of 1,3-Oxazin-6-ones

3 Conclusions
Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Alkylarylation of N-Alkyl-N-methacryloylbenzamides with Alkyl Iodides
Authors: Xia Xiao-Feng , Zhang Lei , Liu Zhiting , Wang Rongjie , Jin Yinting
Published: May 2018

An efficient Pd(0)-catalyzed alkylarylation of N-alkyl-N-methacryloylbenzamides with alkyl iodides for the synthesis of isoquinoline-1,3-diones is described. A highlight of the method is its excellent functional-group tolerance. Mechanistic investigations suggest that a radical addition/cyclization process is probably involved in the sequences.
Catalyst-Free One-Pot Synthesis of Novel Heteroarylamine Substituted Furo[3,2-c]coumarins
Authors: Olyaei Abolfazl , Saraei Mahnaz , Khoeiniha Reyhaneh
Published: May 2018

A high-yielding cyclocondensation of 4-hydroxycoumarin, phenylglyoxal monohydrate, and heteroarylamines proceeds without catalysis, which gives novel functionalized furo[3,2-c]coumarins and heteroarylamino alkylation of coumarin products in acetonitrile under reflux, is reported for the first time. This tandem process involves sequentially an aldol condensation, Michael addition, a ring closure, and dehydration reaction.
Room Temperature, Metal-Free, Radical Chloroazidation of 1,6-Enynes
Authors: Wei Wen-Ting , Ying Wei-Wei , Chen Wei-Ting , Bao Wen-Hui , Gao Le-Han , Wang Xin-Ye , Chen Gan-Ping , Ge Guo-Ping
Published: May 2018

Without employing any transition metal, a mild, practical, and environmentally attractive methodology has been developed for the chloroazidation of 1,6-enynes at room temperature. In this radical cascade process, three new chemical bonds, including C–Cl (Br, I), C–N, and C–C bonds, are formed in one step for the construction of 2-pyrrolidinones. The method is valuable because of its mild reaction conditions, operational simplicity, and the rich biological activity of the corresponding 2-pyrrolidinone products.
Thoracoplasty—Current View on Indication and Technique
Authors: Kuhtin Oleg , Veith Marina , Alghanem Mohammed , Martel Ivan , Giller Dmitrii , Haas Viktor , Lampl Ludwig
Published: May 2018

Thoracoplasty was invented for removing cavities between thoracic wall and remnant lung or mediastinum. It was initially used in cases of tuberculosis or unspecific infections, while currently it is used mainly for space problems after lobectomy/pneumonectomy.

This article presents an overview of the historical and current techniques of this surgical procedure.

Nowadays, thoracoplasty is rarely performed due to the low incidence of diseases for which this method is necessary. Therefore, this method has even been discredited. Furthermore, certain technical aspects of the thoracoplasty are not very well known because of the infrequent application of this procedure.

Unfortunately, a look into the literature of thoracoplasty is not always usefull due to the biased views of advocates of different techniques such as Schede's thoracoplasty, Heller's Jalousie-Plastik, Alexander's extramusculoperiosteal thoracoplasty, Bjork's osteoplastic thoracoplasty, etc.

Not to forget, there has always been a lack of research on the relevance and on the several techniques of thoracoplasty.

The point is precise indication and correct execution of thoracoplasty as a final therapeutic option, which allows a safe and definitive solution of the space problem even in complex cases, without creating serious functional and cosmetic impairment for the patient.

The main types of thoracoplasty are described in this article. Although the core principle of this operation remains unchanged, modern techniques are often cosmetically more considerable and less destructive, compared with techniques that were used in the past.
Redo Aortic Root Operations in Patients with Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Orozco-Sevilla Vicente , Whitlock Richard , Preventza Ourania , de la Cruz Kim , Coselli Joseph
Published: May 2018

Aortic root aneurysm is the most common cardiovascular manifestation requiring surgical intervention in patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS), a heritable thoracic aortic disease. Elective replacement of the aortic root is the treatment of choice for patients with aneurysmal complications of the aortic root and ascending aorta. There are two basic approaches to aortic root replacement: valve-sparing (VS) and valve-replacing (VR) techniques. After successful aortic root replacement surgery, several patients with MFS may develop a late complication related to their aortic disease process, such as developing a pseudoaneurysm of the coronary artery reattachment buttons, aneurysmal expansion, or aortic dissection in the remaining native aorta. These patients may also develop other late complications that are not specifically related to the heritable thoracic aortic disease, such as infections that can lead to dehiscence of some or all of the distal or proximal anastomosis. Because these complications are rare, the clinical volume of reoperations of the aortic root in patients with MFS is low, making it difficult to assess contemporary experiences with these procedures. Only a few published reports have examined reoperative aortic root surgery in patients with MFS, each of which had only a small series of patients. Herein, we describe our contemporary experience with reoperative aortic root replacement in patients with MFS and provide our operative approach for these uncommon procedures.
Survival after Aortic Valve Replacement with Bovine or Porcine Valve Prostheses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Glaser Natalie , Jackson Veronica , Franco-Cereceda Anders , Sartipy Ulrik
Published: May 2018

Background Bovine and porcine bioprostheses are commonly used for surgical aortic valve replacement. It is unknown if the long-term survival differs between the two valve types.

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare survival in patients who underwent aortic valve replacement and received a bovine or a porcine prosthesis.

Methods We performed a systematic search of Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Cohort studies that compared survival between patients who underwent aortic valve replacement and received either a bovine or a porcine bioprosthesis and that reported overall long-term survival with hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were included. Two authors independently reviewed articles considered for inclusion, extracted the information from each study, and performed the quality assessment. We performed a meta-analysis using a random effects model to calculate the pooled HR (95% CI) for all-cause mortality. We did sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of our findings.

Results Seven studies published between 2010 and 2015 were included, and the combined study population was 49,190 patients. Of these, 32,235 (66%) received a bovine, and 16,955 (34%) received a porcine bioprosthesis. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality between patients who received a bovine compared with a porcine bioprosthesis (pooled HR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.92–1.09). Heterogeneity between studies was moderate (55.8%, p = 0.04).

Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest no difference in survival between patients who received a bovine versus a porcine bioprosthesis after aortic valve replacement. Our study provides valuable evidence for the continuing use of both bovine and porcine bioprosthetic valves for surgical aortic valve replacement.
Kardioanästhesie: anästhesiologisches Management
Authors: Renner Jochen , Bein Berthold , Broch Ole
Published: May 2018

Das anästhesiologische Management herzchirurgischer Patienten hat sich in den letzten Jahren deutlich weiterentwickelt. Diese Übersicht widmet sich vor allem folgenden Bereichen: pharmakologische Kardioprotektion bei herzchirurgischen Eingriffen, Narkosemanagement an der Herz-Lungen-Maschine, Protokolle der „Enhanced Recovery After Cardiac Surgery“ sowie innovative minimalinvasive Operationsverfahren wie die kathetergestützte Aortenklappenimplantation.
A comparative study: Physiochemical characterization and kinetic analysis of raw and hydrothermally treated pine sawdust
Authors: Xing Xianjun , Yang Jing , Zhang Xuefei , Li Yongling , Zhang Xianwen
Published: May 2018

In this work, the physiochemical characteristics of pine sawdust and its two types of hydrochars (PSD-6HTC and PSD-12HTC) were characterized. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to assess the pyrolysis reactivity and calculate the kinetic parameters. The results showed that hydrochars with a pore structure and microspheres were obtained after hydrothermal treatment, which decreased the volatile matter and sulfur and nitrogen contents of raw pine sawdust but increased the fixed carbon and ash contents. The subsequent pyrolysis process of hydrochars was shortened compared to PSD, and PSD-6HTC presented the highest reactivity. Weight loss curves of three samples shifted to a higher temperature zone with the increase in heating rates. The residual mass percentage of PSD after the pyrolysis process was less than that of hydrochars. Moreover, the trend of activation energy of three samples at various conversion rates was similar; however, the average activation energy of PSD-6HTC was the lowest, which contributed more for use in pyrolysis.
High quantum yield of the Egyptian blue family of infrared phosphors (MCuSi4O10, M = Ca, Sr, Ba)
Authors: Berdahl Paul , Boocock Simon K. , Chan George C.-Y. , Chen Sharon S. , Levinson Ronnen M. , Zalich Michael A.
Published: May 2018

The alkaline earth copper tetra-silicates, blue pigments, are interesting infrared phosphors. The Ca, Sr, and Ba variants fluoresce in the near-infrared (NIR) at 909, 914, and 948 nm, respectively, with spectral widths on the order of 120 nm. The highest quantum yield ϕ reported thus far is ca. 10%. We use temperature measurements in sunlight to determine this parameter. The yield depends on the pigment loading (mass per unit area) ω with values approaching 100% as ω → 0 for the Ca and Sr variants. Although maximum quantum yield occurs near ω = 0, maximum fluorescence occurs near ω = 70 g m−2, at which ϕ = 0.7. The better samples show fluorescence decay times in the range of 130 to 160 μs. The absorbing impurity CuO is often present. Good phosphor performance requires long fluorescence decay times and very low levels of parasitic absorption. The strong fluorescence enhances prospects for energy applications such as cooling of sunlit surfaces (to reduce air conditioning requirements) and luminescent solar concentrators.
Constant-current corona triode adapted and optimized for the characterization of thin dielectric films
Authors: Giacometti José A.
Published: May 2018

This work describes an enhanced corona triode with constant current adapted to characterize the electrical properties of thin dielectric films used in organic electronic devices. A metallic grid with a high ionic transparency is employed to charge thin films (100 s of nm thick) with a large enough charging current. The determination of the surface potential is based on the grid voltage measurement, but using a more sophisticated procedure than the previous corona triode. Controlling the charging current to zero, which is the open-circuit condition, the potential decay can be measured without using a vibrating grid. In addition, the electric capacitance and the characteristic curves of current versus the stationary surface potential can also be determined. To demonstrate the use of the constant current corona triode, we have characterized poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films with films with thicknesses in the range from 300 to 500 nm, frequently used as gate dielectric in organic field-effect transistors.
Calculation of strained BaTiO3 with different exchange correlation functionals examined with criterion by Ginzburg-Landau theory, uncovering expressions by crystallographic parameters
Authors: Watanabe Yukio
Published: May 2018

In the calculations of tetragonal BaTiO3, some exchange-correlation (XC) energy functionals such as local density approximation (LDA) have shown good agreement with experiments at room temperature (RT), e.g., spontaneous polarization (PS), and superiority compared with other XC functionals. This is due to the error compensation of the RT effect and, hence, will be ineffective in the heavily strained case such as domain boundaries. Here, ferroelectrics under large strain at RT are approximated as those at 0 K because the strain effect surpasses the RT effects. To find effective XC energy functionals for strained BaTiO3, we propose a new comparison, i.e., a criterion. This criterion is the properties at 0 K given by the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory because GL theory is a thermodynamic description of experiments working under the same symmetry-constraints as ab initio calculations. With this criterion, we examine LDA, generalized gradient approximations (GGA), meta-GGA, meta-GGA + local correlation potential (U), and hybrid functionals, which reveals the high accuracy of some XC functionals superior to XC functionals that have been regarded as accurate. This result is examined directly by the calculations of homogenously strained tetragonal BaTiO3, confirming the validity of the new criterion. In addition, the data points of theoretical PS vs. certain crystallographic parameters calculated with different XC functionals are found to lie on a single curve, despite their wide variations. Regarding these theoretical data points as corresponding to the experimental results, analytical expressions of the local PS using crystallographic parameters are uncovered. These expressions show the primary origin of BaTiO3 ferroelectricity as oxygen displacements. Elastic compliance and electrostrictive coefficients are estimated. For the comparison of strained results, we show that the effective critical temperature TC under strain <−0.01 is >1000 K from an approximate method combining ab initio results with GL theory. In addition, in a definite manner, the present results show much more enhanced ferroelectricity at large strain than the previous reports.
Mixing driven by transient buoyancy flows. I. Kinematics
Authors: Duval W. M. B. , Zhong H. , Batur C.
Published: May 2018

Mixing of two miscible liquids juxtaposed inside a cavity initially separated by a divider, whose buoyancy-driven motion is initiated via impulsive perturbation of divider motion that can generate the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability, is investigated experimentally. The measured Lagrangian history of interface motion that contains the continuum mechanics of mixing shows self-similar nearly Gaussian length stretch distribution for a wide range of control parameters encompassing an approximate Hele-Shaw cell to a three-dimensional cavity. Because of the initial configuration of the interface which is parallel to the gravitational field, we show that at critical initial potential energy mixing occurs through the stretching of the interface, which shows frontogenesis, and folding, owing to an overturning motion that results in unstable density stratification and produces an ideal condition for the growth of the single wavelength Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The initial perturbation of the interface and flow field generates the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and causes kinks at the interface, which grow into deep fingers during overturning motion and unfold into local whorl structures that merge and self-organize into the Rayleigh-Taylor morphology (RTM) structure. For a range of parametric space that yields two-dimensional flows, the unfolding of the instability through a supercritical bifurcation yields an asymmetric pairwise structure exhibiting smooth RTM that transitions to RTM fronts with fractal structures that contain small length scales for increasing Peclet numbers. The late stage of the RTM structure unfolds into an internal breakwave that breaks down through wall and internal collision and sets up the condition for self-induced sloshing that decays exponentially as the two fluids become stably stratified with a diffusive region indicating local molecular diffusion.
The Aharonov-Bohm oscillation in the BiSbTe3 topological insulator macroflake
Authors: Huang Shiu-Ming , Wang Pin-Chun , Lin Chien , You Sheng-Yu , Lin Wei-Cheng , Lin Lin-Jie , Yan You-Jhih , Yu Shih-Hsun , Chou M. C.
Published: May 2018

We report the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) oscillation in the BiSbTe3 topological insulator macroflake. The magnetoresistance reveals periodic oscillations. The oscillation index number reveals the Berry phase is π which supports the oscillation originates from the surface state. The AB oscillation frequency increases as temperature decreases, and the corresponding phase coherence length is consistent with that extracted from the weak antilocalization. The phase coherence length is proportional to T−1∕2. The magnetoresistance ratio reaches 700% (1000%) at 9 T (14 T) and 2 K, and it is proportional to the carrier mobility. The magnetoresistance ratio is larger than all reported values in (Bi, Sb)2(Te, Se)3 topological insulators.
Complete characterization of the spasing (L-L) curve of a three-level quantum coherence enhanced spaser for design optimization
Authors: Kumarapperuma Lakshitha , Premaratne Malin , Jha Pankaj K. , Stockman Mark I. , Agrawal Govind P.
Published: May 2018

We demonstrate that it is possible to derive an approximate analytical expression to characterize the spasing (L-L) curve of a coherently enhanced spaser with 3-level gain-medium chromophores. The utility of this solution stems from the fact that it enables optimization of the large parameter space associated with spaser designing, a functionality not offered by the methods currently available in the literature. This is vital for the advancement of spaser technology towards the level of device realization. Owing to the compact nature of the analytical expressions, our solution also facilitates the grouping and identification of key processes responsible for the spasing action, whilst providing significant physical insights. Furthermore, we show that our expression generates results within 0.1% error compared to numerically obtained results for pumping rates higher than the spasing threshold, thereby drastically reducing the computational cost associated with spaser designing.