bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technologies for producing platelet masses for regenerative medicine
Authors: Sevchenko S. , Rublenko M. , Bonkovsky O.
Published: January 2020

The development of regenerative medicine is to improve existing and to search for new tools for morphological and functional tissue repair, among which plasma or ﬁ brin enriched with platelets (PRP and PRF) can be signiﬁ cant. Autogenic platelet masses stimulate collagen synthesis, induce vascular growth, reduce pain, provide hemostasis, accelerate regeneration, reduce the risk of postoperative infectious and inﬂ ammatory complications, and also have powerful osteoinductive properties. Due to the ability to produce the majority of growth factors, platelets can aﬀ ect all stages of the inﬂ ammatory-regenerative process, and therefore their biological products are of great importance in solving the problems of regenerative medicine. The technologies for obtaining PRP and PRF are based on centrifugation of blood, as a result of which its active components are concentrated in certain areas of the centrifuge. Blood sampling with or without an anticoagulant, as well as modiﬁ cation of centrifugation protocols, allows to obtain various forms of platelet masses, such as a liquid, gel or clots. They are classiﬁ ed, depending on the cellular content and architecture of ﬁ brin, into several categories, namely: pure plasma enriched in platelets (P-PRP), plasma enriched in leukocytes and platelets (L-PRP); injectable ﬁ brin enriched with platelets (i-PRF) and pure ﬁ brin enriched with platelets (P-PRF), as well as ﬁ brin enriched with white blood cells and platelets (L-PRF). The main diﬀ erence in the manufacture of PRP compared to PRF is the use of anticoagulants and activators, as well as the possibility of using two-stage centrifugation. Platelet mass is used as an independent component mainly to stimulate the restoration of muscle tissue, to heal chronic wounds, to treat articular pathologies, and in combination with other materials, in particular to replace bone defects. The mechanisms of inﬂ uence of each of the categories of platelet mass on tissue regeneration remains poorly understood. It is necessary to standardize the protocols for their preparation, taking into account the inﬂ uence of additional substances, such as platelet activators or blood clotting and anticoagulants, as well as optimization of the methods for using each of the platelet mass forms.
Key words: platelets, PRP, PRF, centrifuges, centrifugal force.
Ultrasonic control over the course of the postnatal period and diagnosis of obstetric pathology in the bitches
Authors: Cherkavskyi S. , Vlasenko S. , Jerochenko O.
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results of ultrasound examination of uterine females in the postpartum period. It is established that during its physiological course on the 3rd day, the cervix and body of the uterus are placed in the pelvic cavity dorsally with respect to the bladder, and the horns of the uterus - in the abdominal cavity cranially, in the area of - the loops of the large intestine. On the ultrasound it is noted that the horns of the uterus are expanded, with a diameter of 15-18 mm. The walls of the horns are thickened, with sections from 4 mm to 6 mm. Its tissues are of average echogenicity, of heterogeneous consistency. Hypoechoic homogeneous content is observed in the visualized uterine cavity. In females with delayed litter during this period, uterine horns with a diameter of 1.91–1.96 cm were visualized, with a thickened wall that had hypoechoic areas. In addition, the endometrial relief was folded, uneven, and in some places, its desquamated fragments were visualized. Diagnostic sign of delay of litter was the detection in the uterine cavity of tissue structures of amniotic membranes with increased echogenicity. On the 7th day after childbirth, ultrasound signs of metritis were detected on the background of the delay of the litter. The uterine wall reached 3.3–3.9 cm, had a heterogeneous tissue structure and increased echogenicity. In the internal relief of the uterus, areas of desquamated endometrium were visualized and hyperechogenic contents were present in the uterine cavity. It is proved that ultrasound scan of the uterus into the bough is an eﬀ ective method of monitoring the course of postpartum involution and provides early diagnosis of obstetric pathology. The main diagnostic ultrasound indicator for the delay of litter in the boughs is the visualization of the structures of the amniotic membranes in the uterine cavity, hyperechogenic areas and thickening of its walls. The development of postpartum metritis is indicated by signiﬁ cant thickening of the uterus and its mucous membrane, areas of desquamated endometrium and the presence of hyperechoic content in the uterine cavity.
Key words: bitch, postpartum period, uterine involution, delay of litter, metritis, ultrasound.
Parents’ Communication Strategies in Building Internet Media Literacy for Youth in Muslim Family in Tanjung Mulia Medan Deli
Authors: Abdul Karim Batubara  , Lubis Suwardi , Kholil Syukur
Published: January 2020

The research aims to find out the communication strategies carried out by Muslim family towards youth in accessing the internet, analyzing internet content, evaluating internet content, responding to internet content and finding the results of communication strategies carried out by Muslim family in building internet media literacy for youth in Tanjung Mulia Medan Deli. This research uses field research with a qualitative approach. The informants of this study is one family located in Tanjung Mulia Subdistrict, Medan Deli. Determination of informants using purposive sampling techniques. Research data collection using interviews and observation. While the data analysis technique used is using Spradley Model data analysis. To maintain data validity, data triangulation techniques are used. The results of the study revealed that parents' communication strategies in controlling internet access carried out by their children by providing time limits for their children in accessing the internet. Parents still provide supervision, time restrictions and remind their children to pay attention to internet usage. Communication strategies applied by parents towards analyzing internet content that is often accessed by freeing their children in choosing and accessing internet content and discussing with parents when they find new information and negative content. The strategy taken by parents in evaluating internet content for children is to choose internet content and discuss it with other family members. The communication strategies of parents in responding to internet content carried out by their children is by giving advice on an ongoing basis and giving a warning to their children. It can make their children feel cared for by their parents. As well as to build a Communication Strategies of Media Literacy for Youth in Muslim Family by using Islamic communication approach that is sourced from the Al Qur’an and Hadith.
The Effect of Learning Model and Critical Thinking on Entrepreneurship Learning Outcomes of 11th Grade Student in 7 Vocational School Academic Year 2019/2020
Authors: Nurul Shadrina Bintang  , Ruslan Dede , Natsir M.
Published: January 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of learning models and critical thinking skills on student entrepreneurial learning outcomes. This study is an experimental study with a population of 83 students in 11th OTKP 7 Vocational School Medan. Research samples from OTKP 10Th grade were 41 students and from OTKP 2 class were 42 students and selected by total sampling technique divided into 2 groups that were taught with the Problem Based Learning model and the Inquiry Learning model. The research method uses quasi-experimental (Quasi Experiment) with 2 x 2 factorial design. The technique analysis data used is two-way ANAVA at a significant level = 0.05. after normality and homogeneity were tested, continued with Scheffe further tests. Hypothesis testing results obtained (1) there is a difference in the average value of entrepreneurship between students who are taught with the Problem Based Learning model (77.68) with students who are taught with Inquiry learning models (72.87) with Fcount (7.53)> Ftable (3,96), (2) there are differences in the average value of entrepreneurial learning outcomes of students who have high critical thinking skills (79.35) higher than the average value of entrepreneurial learning outcomes that have low critical thinking abilities (71.66 ) with Fcount (17.16)> Ftable (3.96).
Data Telling Stories and Stories Telling Data: The Role of Fiction in Shaping Ethnographic Truth
Authors: JT Torres
Published: January 2020

The following essay explores the use of fiction in ethnographic research. While the concept of fiction as a research methodology is not a new one, most proponents claim that fiction is most useful in the writing of ethnographic data. Despite the gradual acceptance of arts-based methods in ethnography, there still remains a false dichotomy of art and scientific research. This essay contributes to the discussion by arguing that fiction also plays an active role in producing knowledge and truth. To make this argument, the author brings together in conversation scholars of art and literature with social researchers. While multiple examples are illustrated to show how fiction creates knowledge in ethnography, the primary focus will be Clifford Geertz’s (2005) “Notes on a Balinese Cockfight.” The purpose is to demonstrate how fiction can be a means of knowledge production, so long as it is situated in sound research methods.
ANALISIS PROGRAM LATIHAN SEPAK BOLA GRASS ROOT DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA PADA SEKOLAH SEPAK BOLA (SSB) KABUPATEN KEPAHIANG
Authors: Handoko Juli , Sugihartono Tono , Sutisyana Ari
Published: January 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian program latihan Sekolah Sepak Bola Kabupaten Kepahiang dengan program latihan Sepak Bola Grass Root . Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah 3 Sekolah Sepak Bola (SSB)  di Kabupaten Kepahiang. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah Observasi, Wawancara, dan Dokumentasi. Berdasarkan perolehan data Sekolah Sepak Bola Kabupaten Kepahiang harus memperhatikan program latihan yang cocok untuk anak usia 6-12 tahun. Perbandingan rata-rata persentase susunan latihan SSB Kepahiang dengan susunan latihan Grass Root yaitu : Pemanasan 11,57% berbanding 13,33%, fisik 23,15% berbanding 13,33%, teknik 28,70% berbanding 33,33%, permainan 28,70% berbanding 33,33%, pendinginan 9,73% berbanding 6,7%. Jadi hasil data yang diperoleh dari tiga Sekolah Sepak Bola di Kabupaten Kepahiang program latihan yang ada belum sesusai dengan program latihan Grass Root yang direkomendasikan oleh Indra Sjafri dan ada program latihan yang belum diterapkan pada saat latihan.Kata Kunci : Program Latihan , Grass Root, Sepak Bola, Sekolah Sepak Bola
IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN PEER LESSONS DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS V SD
Authors: Nurfauziah Nurfauziah
Published: January 2020

This research is motivated by the still weak learning outcomes of science students in grade V of SD Negeri 021 Tarai Bangun. The purpose of this study is to improve student science learning outcomes by implementing peer lessons learning strategies. This type of research uses classroom action research consisting of two cycles. Each cycle consists of 4 stages such as: 1) planning; 2) implementation; 3) observations / observations; and 4) reflection. The results of this study showed the average percentage of student learning outcomes before the action only reached an average of 54.3%. In the first cycle student learning outcomes increased to 66.6% or with a classification of moderate values, and in the second cycle again increased to 80.5% with a classification of good grades. With this result it can be concluded that by implementing the peer lessons learning strategy can improve the learning outcomes of science students of class V SD Negeri 021 Tarai Bangun.
Results of open multi‑centre comparative randomized study of efficiency and safety of application of three therapeutic schemes of vaginal capsules Triogynal for treatment of vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women
Authors: Balan V. E. , Tikhomirova E. V. , Titchenko Yu. P. , Budykina T. S.
Published: January 2020

Objective: to compare the efficacy and safety of the use of three therapeutic regimens of Triogynal (vaginal capsules) for the treatment of atrophic vulvovaginitis in postmenopausal women.

Material and methods. The study included 201 women aged 46 to 65 years in postmenopause (at least 12 months after amenorrhea due to natural menopause, confirmed by laboratory determination of FSH concentration) with a diagnosis of atrophic vulvovaginitis. After screening, patients were randomized into three groups. The first one (n = 67) received Triogynal intravaginally, two capsules once a day for 20 days, then a capsule per day for 9 weeks, The second group (n = 67) received the drug intravaginally, two capsules one time per day for 20 days, then a capsule per day for 2 weeks, then a capsule two times a week for 7 weeks. The third group (n = 67) received the drug intravaginally, two capsules one time per day for 20 days, then a capsule two times a week for 9 weeks. The study evaluated changes in the vaginal maturation index (VIS), i. e. the primary endpoint, the dynamics of the vaginal health index, pH of the vagina, the severity of symptoms of atrophic vulvovaginitis on a five‑point Barlow scale, and the achievement of normal vaginal biocenosis after treatment.

Results. By the end of the course of therapy, the change in VIS was 23.94 ± 18.72 %, in patients of group 2 was 25.42 ± 21.84 %, in patients of group 3 was 25.52 ± 18.64 % (p > 0.05). The proportion of patients with a vaginal health index of 5 points did not differ at the end of the course of therapy (p > 0.05). As a result of a comparative analysis of the vaginal pH values, the severity of symptoms of atrophic vulvovaginitis on a five‑points Barlow scale in patients at the end of the course of therapy, data on similar efficacy were obtained (p > 0.05). Vaginal normocenosis was achieved in 68.2 % of patients in the first group, 57.6 % of patients in the second one, 60.0 % of patients in the third (p > 0.05).

Conclusion. All three therapeutic regimens for the use of Triogynal (vaginal capsules) for the treatment of atrophic vulvovaginitis have shown similar efficacy. The use of the drug in the regimen with the lowest course dosage according to the scheme two capsules once a day for 20 days, then one capsule twice a week for 9 weeks is most preferable due to the lower drug intervention, economic benefits and the convenience of therapy for the patient.
Effect of physical and chemical factors, arising in elements of implantation systems, on central screws of heads at rehabilitation of patients in orthopedic dentistry clinic
Authors: Nikitin S. G. , Pervov Yu. Yu. , Saleev R. A. , Amkhadova M. A.
Published: January 2020

This article is devoted to the question of one of the remote complications in dental implantology — fracture of the central screw of the abutment. Systematic studies of the influence of chemical and phase composition, volume and surface structure of products from titanium-based alloys on the functional properties of the «implant-screw-abutment» system, including corrosion resistance in biological media, have not been carried out. Therefore, the problem of establishing patterns of influence of these factors on the corrosion resistance of the elements of implantation systems, namely the central screw, and the study of its tribological properties (wear resistance), are relevant today.
Prevention of bisphosphonate osteonecrosis in dental patient with osteoporosis
Authors: Stomatov D. V. , Efimov Yu. V. , Stomatov A. V. , Efimova E. Yu. , Nesterov A. A.
Published: January 2020

The analysis of scientific literature on the use of bisphosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis. This effective group of drugs was included in the first line of appointments by specialists dealing with the problem of osteoporosis. At the same time, a number of authors associate the appearance of medicinal osteonecrosis of the jaws, called BONJ (bisphosphonate osteonecrosis of the jaws), in patients with the administration of bisphosphonates. One of the triggering mechanisms of the emergence of BONJ are surgical dental interventions performed in patients receiving bisphosphonates. Today, patients may not understand the seriousness of taking these drugs and often do not warn the dentist before manipulation, as well as not all dentists attach importance to the danger of drugs from osteoporosis. In this paper, based on the analysis of scientific literature, the attention of dentists to the problem of possible complications in the treatment of patients with osteoporosis, taking bisphosphonates. A questionnaire included in the questionnaire of a dental patient, taking into account the name of the drug and the duration of its administration, is proposed.
Endothelial dysfunction as early predictor of atherosclerosis
Authors: Pizov A. V. , Pizov N. A. , Skachkova O. A. , Pizova N. V.
Published: January 2020

Cardiovascular diseases in Russia are leading in the structure of total mortality. Atherosclerosis is considered a progressive inflammatory systemic disease. The role of endothelium in the development of the atherosclerotic process is described in detail. The main functions of endotheliocytes are normal and in various pathological conditions. The main markers of endothelial dysfunction are presented. Data on the development of the atherosclerotic process in time, risk factors are presented. Local and systemic risk factors for atherosclerosis are highlighted. Own data on the frequency of occurrence of atherosclerotic changes in the main vessels of the head in young people (up to 45 years) based on the results of ultrasonic duplex scanning during professional examinations are presented. The main directions of correction of endothelial dysfunction are described.
Therapeutic drug monitoring in Davydovsky Hospital: using HPLC–MS/MS method in practical healthcare
Authors: Rodina T. A. , Melnikov E. S.
Published: January 2020

There was shown that therapeutic drug monitoring by liquid tandem mass spectrometry is essential not only for the drugs with a narrow therapeutic window but also for “simple” medicines like anti‑hypertension and anticoagulant drugs. The examples of choosing an individual therapy and adjusting the drug dosage to eliminate side effects were given. The cases of solving non‑standard situations that arise during bioanalytical studies were considered.
On possibility of using routine biochemical techniques for research of alternative biological human liquids
Authors: Murskiy S. I.
Published: January 2020

Biochemical studies of alternative human biological fluids are not common in laboratory practice due to the lack of validation methods. The aim of the study was to validatе on semen plasma routine biochemical research methods using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The studies were carried out on a Cobas Integra 400 plus automatic biochemical analyzer (Roche, Switzerland) using original Roche reagents (Switzerland). Materials for the study were 30 samples of semen plasma obtained from clinically healthy men of reproductive age. Planning and organization of validation activities were carried out in accordance with GOST ISO 15189–2015. The functional characteristics of the methods were determined in accordance with Order 45 of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation «On a system of measures to improve the quality of clinical laboratory research in healthcare facilities of the Russian Federation», and protocols of the CLSI Institute of Clinical Laboratory Standards (USA). It was possible to establish acceptable levels of linearity, precision and specificity for 31 of the 33 analytes studied. Also, the necessary dilution for 12 analytes was established empirically. Establishing the analytical reliability of biochemical methods for studying semen plasma opens up new possibilities for studying the metabolic characteristics of this biological fluid, and therefore expands the range of possibilities for its use as an object of laboratory research.
Figurative comparisons and eponims in functional diagnostics
Authors: Zaikina N. V. , Agafonova L. V. , Zaikina M. P.
Published: January 2020

The article presents a summary of figurative comparisons and eponyms that are used in modern cardiology and functional diagnostics. Links are given to the sources in which these names were first used.

There are a lot of great scientists leaving their names in the name of the medical terms they discovered. The contribution of this scientists is reflected: Einthoven, Wilson, Pardee, Cabrera, Chapman, de Winter, Prinzmetal, Bazett and others. Syndromes of Wellens, Brugada, Romano-Ward, Wolff-Parkinson-White, Clerc-Levy-Critesco, Chatterjee and others, and figurative comparisons are briefly described: “cat back”, “death wing”, “bull terrier muzzle”, “torsades de pointes”, “epsilon-wave”, “Salvador Dali’s mustache”, “saw teeth”, “shield and sword”, etc. All the terms given in the article have not only scientific, but also, most important, applied meaning. The article will be useful not only for students of medical universities, residents and graduate students, but also to practical doctors, whom it will help test her knowledge.
Calcium-phosphorus balance in comorbid peptic ulcer disease and arterial hypertension and its correction of calcium channel blockers
Authors: Fomina L. A.
Published: January 2020

Recurrence of peptic ulcer disease, its comorbid with arterial hypertension is accompanied by calcium-phosphorus imbalance, contributing to the increase of acid-peptic factor, the changes of motor function of the stomach, regional microcirculation, activation of the ulcer process. The use of nifedipine in the therapy of comorbid peptic ulcer disease and arterial hypertension, contributes to the restoration of calcium-phosphorus balance, gastric functions and regional microcirculation, reduces the time and increases the frequency of scarring of ulcers.
Hypovitaminosis D effect on pericranial muscle dysfunction in women with chronic tension headache
Authors: Koloskova A. A. , Vorobieva O. V.
Published: January 2020

Background. Nowadays there are a large number of studies revealing the significance of hypovitaminosis D in chronic pain conditions and diseases, in which musculoskeletal factors are dominant in the formation of pain. In chronic tension type headache (CTTH) pathogenesis the role of muscular factor is well-established. However there is insufficient data regarding the interrelations between hypovitaminosis D, headache and pericraial muscle dysfunction (PMD) in CTTH.

Objective. To investigate the effect of vitamin D level on PMD and cephalgia parameters in CTTH.

Methods. One hundred twenty women with CTTH aged 25 to 55 years were enrolled. Evaluated parameters were the following: pericranial muscle tenderness (PMT), headache frequency (HF), headache duration (HD), headache intensity (HI). Vitamin D level measured by 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] of serum blood samples.

Results. Number of CTTH with DPM cases in the group of vitamin D deficiency (serum level of 25(OH)D less than 20 ng/mL) was equal to one in normal vitamin group (higher than 30 ng/mL), p > 0.05. Greater degree of DPM was identified in vitamin D deficiency than in normal level: total PMT score 5.0 vs 3.0 score (р < 0.001). At the same time significant difference was observed in cephalgia parameters between groups of deficiency and normal vitamin D level: HF 28.0 and 23.0 days per month (р < 0.001), HD 14.5 and 10.0 hours per day respectively. Also daily headache was associated with vitamin D deficiency with a risk ratio 4.4 (95 % CI: 1.4–14,0) as compared to the normal level. Middle-power negative correlation was noted between serum vitamin D levels and total PMT score (Spearman’s r = –0.55; р < 0,001), HF (r = –0.65; р < 0,001) and HD (r = 0.67; р < 0,001).

Conclusion. Vitamin D deficiency leads to increased degree of pericraial muscle dysfunction in CTTH women. That may result in rising central sensitization and finally be a reason of more severe headache.
Rehabilitation of patients after stroke
Authors: Lapteva E. S. , Tsutsunava M. R. , Diachkova-Gertseva D. S.
Published: January 2020

Statistics keeps indicating that brain vascular diseases remain one of the most important medical and social problems of modern society. Rehabilitation of cerebral stroke, despite the effective diagnosis and quality treatment, is not always effective enough, partly because the system of rehabilitation of patients in our country is not sufficiently developed. Over the past decade, traditional rehabilitation methods have been supplemented by the developments based on the use of digital technology, computerized systems and robotic devices.

The aimof the work is to summarize the achievements in the country in the field of rehabilitation of stroke patients over the last 5 years. Research method — literature review.

Results.To date, virtual reality technologies, combined application of virtual reality technologies (BTS Nirvana) and training on the COBS platform (multifunctional simulator system), non-invasive neurocomputer interfaces have proved their effectiveness. These have been demonstrated the effectiveness in terms of rehabilitation the use of hypercapnic hypoxia and a number of stimulating technologies, including transcranial magnetic stimulation and electromyostimulation.
PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH (PBL) DENGAN KONTEKS SOCIOSCIENTIFIC ISSUES PADA MATERI PEMANASAN GLOBAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN LITERASI SAINS SISWA
Authors: Sariningrum Anita , Rubini Bibin , Ardianto Didit
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peningkatan kemampuan literasi sains melalui implementasi model pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBL) dengan konteks  socioscientific issues.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian nonequivalent pretest dan postest control group design. Subjek  penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII di salah satu SMPN di Kabupaten Cianjur. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan lembar observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran, tes literasi sains berupa soal pilihan ganda, tes skala sikap, dan angket tanggapan siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hampir seluruh aktivitas pembelajaran model PBL dengan konteks socioscientific issues terlaksana dengan baik. Peningkatan kemampuan literasi sains ditunjukkan oleh pencapaian N-gain literasi sains pada aspek pengetahuan dan kompetensi pada kelas eksperimen 0,71 (tinggi) dan N-gain kelas kontrol 0,52 (sedang), sedangkan N-gain literasi aspek sikap sains pada kelas eksperimen 0,72 (tinggi) dan N-gain kelas kontrol 0,27 (rendah). Tanggapan siswa menyatakan respon positif terhadap pembelajaran. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan konteks socioscientific issues lebih baik dalam meningkatkan kemampuan literasi sains pada aspek pengetahuan, kompetensi, dan sikap sains siswa. Kata Kunci:     Model pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBL), Literasi Sains, Konteks SocioScientific Issues.
PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH DENGAN MIND MAP UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGUASAAN KONSEP DAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KREATIF SISWA SMP PADA TEMA PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Yuningsih Ening , Retnowati Rita , Jaenudin Dadang
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan penguasaan konsep dan keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa SMP pada materi Pencemaran Lingkungan melalui pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan mind map. Metode yang digunakan yaitu kuasi eksperimen dengan pretest-postest control group design. Penelitian dilaksanakan di salah satu SMP Negeri Kabupaten Cianjur, dengan  subjek penelitian berjumlah 67 orang dikelas kontrol dan eksperimen. Kelas eksperimen yaitu kelas VII E diberi perlakuan pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan mind map dan kelas kontrol yaitu kelas VII D mendapat pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes pilihan ganda (PG) untuk penguasaan konsep, Essay untuk kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan angket untuk melihat respon siswa. Data dianalisis dengan uji statistik menggunakan SPSS versi 24.00 dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan mind map mampu meningkatkan penguasaan konsep dan keterampilan berpikir kreatif. Penguasaan konsep siswa dikelas eksperimen meningkat dengan nilai N-gain 0,62 (kriteria Sedang) dan meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif dengan nilai N-gain 0,79   (kriteria tinggi). Siswa pada kelas eksperimen juga menunjukan respon dan antusias tinggi terhadap pembelajaran. Kata Kunci:     Pembelajaran berbasis Masalah, Mind Map, Penguasaan Konsep dan Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif
RETRACTED: ErHuang Formula Improves Renal Fibrosis in Diabetic Nephropathy Rats by Inhibiting CXCL6/JAK/STAT3 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Shen Yu-Li , Jiang Yi-ping , Li Xiao-Qin , Wang Su-Juan , Ma Ming-Hua , Zhang Chun-Yan , Zhu Jian-Yong , Rahman Khalid , Zhang Li-Jun , Luan Xin , Zhang Hong
Published: January 2020

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the main causes of renal fibrosis and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapy has a long history of usage in a clinical setting and its usage is increasing. ErHuang Formula (EHF), a Chinese herbal compound, has been clinically used in treating DN for more than 30 years. However, its mechanism of action is still unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of EHF on renal fibrosis in a DN rat model and explore its underlying mechanism. The DN rat model was established by high-sugar-fat diet combined with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and EFH extract (4, 2, 1 g/kg d−1) was administered orally for 8 weeks. The biochemical parameters (blood glucose, weight, Scr, BUN, UA, U-Alb and UAE) were analyzed. The pathological changes in renal tissue were observed by histological staining with H&E and Masson. The effect of EHF on the proliferation of NRK-49F cells was examined by CCK-8 assay and the levels of several inflammation and fibrosis related cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β1, Collagen I/III, MMP2/9) in serum and NRK-49F cell culture supernatants were detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). The mRNA levels of CXCL6, CXCR1, Collagen I/III, MMP2/9 in renal tissue were also measured by quantitative RT-PCR. Furthermore, the protein expression of PCNA, Collagen I/III, MMP2/9, CXCL6, CXCR1, p-STAT3, STAT3 in renal tissue and NRK-49F cells were determined by western blot. EHF improved the abnormal biochemical parameters and ameliorated the abnormal histology and fibrosis of renal tissue in a dose-dependent manner. EHF inhibited NRK-49F proliferation and decreased the expressions of inflammation and fibrosis related factors both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the levels of Collagen I/III, PCNA, MMP2/9 and p-STAT3 were positively correlated with CXCL6. The amelioration of renal fibrosis in DN by EHF is related to CXCL6/JAK/STAT3 signal pathway, which is associated with inflammation and fibrosis of the tissue. These findings may have clinical implications for the treatment of DN.
Medicinal Profile, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities of Murraya koenigii and its Primary Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Balakrishnan Rengasamy , Vijayraja Dhanraj , Jo Song-Hee , Ganesan Palanivel , Su-Kim In , Choi Dong-Kug
Published: January 2020

The discovery of several revitalizing molecules that can stop or reduce the pathology of a wide range of diseases will be considered a major breakthrough of the present time. Available synthetic compounds may provoke side effects and health issues, which heightens the need for molecules from plants and other natural resources under discovery as potential methods of replacing synthetic compounds. In traditional medicinal therapies, several plant extracts and phytochemicals have been reported to impart remedial effects as better alternatives. Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii) belongs to the Rutaceae family, which is commonly used as a medicinally important herb of Indian origin in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. Previous reports have demonstrated that the leaves, roots, and bark of this plant are rich sources of carbazole alkaloids, which produce potent biological activities and pharmacological effects. These include antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and neuroprotective activities. The present review provides insight into the major components of M. koenigii and their pharmacological activities against different pathological conditions. The review also emphasizes the need for more research on the molecular basis of such activity in various cellular and animal models to validate the efficacy of M. koenigii and its derivatives as potent therapeutic agents.
Non-Poissonian Earthquake Occurrence Probability through Empirical Survival Functions
Authors: Harabaglia Paolo
Published: January 2020

Earthquake engineering normally describes earthquake activity as a Poissonian process. This approximation is simple, but not entirely satisfactory. In this paper, a method for evaluating the non-Poissonian occurrence probability of seismic events, through empirical survival probability functions, is proposed. This method takes into account the previous history of the system. It seems robust enough to be applied to scant datasets, such as the Italian historical earthquake catalog, comprising 64 events with M ≥ 6.00 since 1600. The requirements to apply this method are (1) an acceptable knowledge of the event rate, and (2) the timing of the last two events with magnitude above the required threshold. I also show that it is necessary to consider all the events available, which means that de-clustering is not acceptable. Whenever applied, the method yields a time-varying probability of occurrence in the area of interest. Real cases in Italy show that large events obviously tend to occur in periods of higher probability.
Nuclear Export of Cyclin B Mediated by the Nup62 Complex Is Required for Meiotic Initiation in Drosophila Males
Authors: Okazaki Ryotaro , Yamazoe Kanta , Inoue Yoshihiro H.
Published: January 2020

Background: The central channel of the nuclear pore complex plays an important role in the selective transport of proteins between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Previous studies have demonstrated that the depletion of the Nup62 complex, constructing the nuclear pore channel in premeiotic Drosophila cells, resulted in the absence of meiotic cells. We attempted to understand the mechanism underlying the cell cycle arrest before meiosis. Methods: We induced dsRNAs against the nucleoporin mRNAs using the Gal4/UAS system in Drosophila. Results: The cell cycle of the Nup62-depleted cells was arrested before meiosis without CDK1 activation. The ectopic over-expression of CycB, but not constitutively active CDK1, resulted in partial rescue from the arrest. CycB continued to exist in the nuclei of Nup62-depleted cells and cells depleted of exportin encoded by emb. Protein complexes containing CycB, Emb, and Nup62 were observed in premeiotic spermatocytes. CycB, which had temporally entered the nucleus, was associated with Emb, and the complex was transported back to the cytoplasm through the central channel, interacting with the Nup62 complex. Conclusion: We proposed that CycB is exported with Emb through the channel interacting with the Nup62 complex before the onset of meiosis. The nuclear export ensures the modification and formation of sufficient CycB-CDK1 in the cytoplasm.
Prognosis, Biology, and Targeting of TP53 Dysregulation in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Flynt Erin , Bisht Kamlesh , Sridharan Vinidhra , Ortiz María , Towfic Fadi , Thakurta Anjan
Published: January 2020

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological cancer and is characterized by genetic features including translocations, chromosomal copy number aberrations, and mutations in key oncogene and tumor suppressor genes. Dysregulation of the tumor suppressor TP53 is important in the pathogenesis of many cancers, including MM. In newly-diagnosed MM patients, TP53 dysregulation occurs in three subsets: monoallelic deletion as part of deletion of chromosome 17p (del17p) (~8%), monoallelic mutations (~6%), and biallelic inactivation (~4%). Del17p is an established high-risk feature in MM and is included in current disease staging criteria. Biallelic inactivation and mutation have also been reported in MM patients but are not yet included in disease staging criteria for high-risk disease. Emerging clinical and genomics data suggest that the biology of high-risk disease is complex, and so far, traditional drug development efforts to target dysregulated TP53 have not been successful. Here we review the TP53 dysregulation literature in cancer and in MM, including the three segments of TP53 dysregulation observed in MM patients. We propose a reverse translational approach to identify novel targets and disease drivers from TP53 dysregulated patients to address the unmet medical need in this setting.
Quantum Relative Entropy of Tagging and Thermodynamics
Authors: Diazdelacruz Jose
Published: January 2020

Thermodynamics establishes a relation between the work that can be obtained in a transformation of a physical system and its relative entropy with respect to the equilibrium state. It also describes how the bits of an informational reservoir can be traded for work using Heat Engines. Therefore, an indirect relation between the relative entropy and the informational bits is implied. From a different perspective, we define procedures to store information about the state of a physical system into a sequence of tagging qubits. Our labeling operations provide reversible ways of trading the relative entropy gained from the observation of a physical system for adequately initialized qubits, which are used to hold that information. After taking into account all the qubits involved, we reproduce the relations mentioned above between relative entropies of physical systems and the bits of information reservoirs. Some of them hold only under a restricted class of coding bases. The reason for it is that quantum states do not necessarily commute. However, we prove that it is always possible to find a basis (equivalent to the total angular momentum one) for which Thermodynamics and our labeling system yield the same relation.
A First Step to the Categorical Logic of Quantum Programs
Authors: Sun Xin , He Feifei
Published: January 2020

The long-term goal of our research is to develop a powerful quantum logic which is useful in the formal verification of quantum programs and protocols. In this paper we introduce the basic idea of our categorical logic of quantum programs (CLQP): It combines the logic of quantum programming (LQP) and categorical quantum mechanics (CQM) such that the advantages of both LQP and CQM are preserved while their disadvantages are overcome. We present the syntax, semantics and proof system of CLQP. As a proof-of-concept, we apply CLQP to verify the correctness of Deutsch’s algorithm and the concealing property of quantum bit commitment.
Heuristic Optimization of Virtual Inertia Control in Grid-Connected Wind Energy Conversion Systems for Frequency Support in a Restructured Environment
Authors: Aluko Anuoluwapo Oluwatobiloba , Dorrell David George , Pillay Carpanen Rudiren , Ojo Evan E.
Published: January 2020

In the work reported in this paper, a novel application of the artificial bee colony algorithm is used to implement a virtual inertia control strategy for grid-connected wind energy conversion systems. The proposed control strategy introduces a new heuristic optimization technique that uses the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to calculate the optimal gain value of an additional derivative control loop added to the control scheme of the machine side converter in a wind energy system to enable wind farms to participate in frequency control as specified by recent grid codes. This helps to minimize the frequency deviations, reduce active power deviation in the system, and increase the penetration level of wind energy in power systems. The study was performed in a restructured power system environment. The proposed control scheme and its robustness were evaluated using load–frequency analysis for three real-life transaction scenarios that can occur in an interconnected open-energy market and the validation was carried out using eigenvalue analysis. The results in this study show that the optimal gain of the proposed controller reduces the frequency deviations and improves stability and overall performance of the system.
Model Based IAS Analysis for Fault Detection and Diagnosis of IC Engine Powertrains
Authors: Xu Yuandong , Huang Baoshan , Yun Yuliang , Cattley Robert , Gu Fengshou , Ball Andrew D.
Published: January 2020

Internal combustion (IC) engine based powertrains are one of the most commonly used transmission systems in various industries such as train, ship and power generation industries. The powertrains, acting as the cores of machinery, dominate the performance of the systems; however, the powertrain systems are inevitably degraded in service. Consequently, it is essential to monitor the health of the powertrains, which can secure the high efficiency and pronounced reliability of the machines. Conventional vibration based monitoring approaches often require a considerable number of transducers due to large layout of the systems, which results in a cost-intensive, difficultly-deployed and not-robust monitoring scheme. This study aims to develop an efficient and cost-effective approach for monitoring large engine powertrains. Our model based investigation showed that a single measurement at the position of coupling is optimal for monitoring deployment. By using the instantaneous angular speed (IAS) obtained at the coupling, a novel fault indicator and polar representation showed the effective and efficient fault diagnosis for the misfire faults in different cylinders under wide working conditions of engines; we also verified that by experimental studies. Based on the simulation and experimental investigation, it can be seen that single IAS channel is effective and efficient at monitoring the misfire faults in large powertrain systems.
Effect of EGR and Fuel Injection Strategies on the Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Emission Performance under Transient Operation
Authors: Zhang Fangyuan , Wang Zhongshu , Tian Jing , Li Linlin , Yu Kaibo , He Kunyi
Published: January 2020

To reduce the smoke and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions; a detailed study concerned with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and diesel injection strategy was conducted on a two-stage series turbocharging diesel engine under transient operating condition. One transient process based on the constant speed of 1650 r/min and load increases linearly from 10% to 100% within 5 s was tested in this study. The effect of the EGR valve control strategy on engine transient performance was examined. The results show that better air-fuel mixing quality can be obtained with the optimized the EGR valve open loop control strategy and the smoke opacity peak decreased more than 64%. Under the EGR valve close loop control strategy; the smoke opacity peak was lower than with open loop control strategy; but higher than without EGR. The effect of fuel injection strategy on engine transient performance was examined with the EGR valve close loop control. The results show that sectional-stage rail pressure (SSRP) strategy (increasing injection pressure from a turning point load to 100% load) and optimizing fuel injection timing can improve the engine emission performance. The satisfactory results can be obtained with lower NOx (382 ppm) emissions and the smoke opacity peak (3.8%), when the turning point load is set to 60% with the injection timing delay 6° CA.
Lifetime Expectancy of Li-Ion Batteries used for Residential Solar Storage
Authors: Beltran Hector , Ayuso Pablo , Pérez Emilio
Published: January 2020

This paper analyses the degradation that is experienced by different types of Li-ion batteries when used as home solar storage systems controlled to minimize the electricity bill of the corresponding household. Simulating the annual operation of photovoltaic (PV) residential systems with batteries at different locations was undertaken to perform the study and it uses actual consumption values and real PV production profiles, as well as validated semi-empirical ageing models of the batteries. Therefore, the work provides a realistic prognosis around the lifetime expectancies for the different Li-ion chemistries.
Improving Energy Efficiency of Thermal Processes in Healthcare Institutions: A Review on the Latest Sustainable Energy Management Strategies
Authors: Hohne Percy Andrew , Kusakana Kanzumba , Numbi Bubele Papy
Published: January 2020

Healthcare institutions consume large amounts of energy, ranking the second highest energy-intensive buildings in the commercial sector. Within developed countries, the energy consumption of healthcare institutions may account for up to 18% of the overall energy usage in commercial sectors. Within developing countries, such as South Africa, the energy consumption of healthcare institutions is observed to be a close second to the food service sector. Energy consumption of healthcare institutions per bed typically range from 43–92 kWh per day. In this paper, the largest energy consumers in South African healthcare institutions are identified and appropriate energy-efficiency (EE) initiatives are proposed, in terms of performance, operation, equipment and technology efficiency (POET). Two main thermal energy consumers are identified as heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) and water-heating systems. These systems are critical to patient health and may be classified as non-deferrable loads. Therefore, several initiatives are suggested to improve the energy efficiency and demand-side management capability of these systems. These initiatives are subdivided into different levels: the conceptual level, active level, technical and further improvement level, as defined in the POET framework. At each level, energy-efficiency initiatives are introduced based on potential energy savings and the effort required to achieve these savings. In addition, model predictive control (MPC) approaches are discussed and reviewed as part of the further improvement section. Average possible energy savings ranged from 50%–70% at the conceptual level, while energy savings of 15%–30% may be expected for energy-efficiency initiatives at the active level. EE activities at the technical level and the further improvement level may result in savings of 50%–70% and 5%–10%, respectively.
Yogurt as an Alternative Ingredient to Improve the Functional and Nutritional Properties of Gluten-Free Breads
Authors: Graça Carla , Raymundo Anabela , Sousa Isabel
Published: January 2020

Absence of gluten in bakery goods is a technological challenge, generating gluten-free breads with low functional and nutritional properties. However, these issues can be minimized using new protein sources, by the addition of nutritional added-value products. Fresh yogurt represents an interesting approach since it is a source of protein, polysaccharides, and minerals, with potential to mimic the gluten network, while improving the nutritional value of gluten-free products. In the present work, different levels of yogurt addition (5% up to 20% weight/weight) were incorporated into gluten-free bread formulations, and the impact on dough rheology properties and bread quality parameters were assessed. Linear correlations (R2 > 0.9041) between steady shear (viscosity) and oscillatory (elastic modulus, at 1 Hz) values of the dough rheology with bread quality parameters (volume and firmness) were obtained. Results confirmed that the yogurt addition led to a significant improvement on bread quality properties, increasing the volume and crumb softness and lowering the staling rate, with a good nutritional contribution in terms of proteins and minerals, to improve the daily diet of celiac people.