bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLE USING GREEN TEA LEAVES EXTRACT FOR REMOVAL CIPROFLOXACIN (CIP) FROM AQUEOUS MEDIA
Authors: Kadhim Fatimah Q. , Atiya Mohammed A. , Hassan Ahmed K.
Published: July 2021

This study examines the removal of ciprofloxacin in an aqueous solution using green tea silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). The synthesized Ag-NPs have been classified by the different techniques of SEM, AFM, BET, FTIR, and Zeta potential. Spherical nanoparticles with average sizes of 32 nm and a surface area of 1.2387m2/g are found to be silver nanoparticles. The results showed that the ciprofloxacin removal efficiency depends on the initial pH (2.5-10), CIP (2-15 mg/L), temperature (20-50°C), time (0-180 min), and Ag-NPs dosage (0.1-1g/L). Batch experiments revealed that the removal rate with ratio (1:1) (w/w) were 52%, and 79.8% of the 10 mg/L of CIP at 60, and 180 minutes, respectively with optimal pH=4. Kinetic models for adsorption and ciprofloxacin mechanism removal were also investigated, and kinetic analyzes showed adsorption to be a 3.8727kJ.mol-1 activation energy physical adsorption mechanism. The kinetic removal process, due to the low activation energy of 14.0606kJ.mol-1, is preferred the model of first-order after a physical diffusion-controlled reaction. Adsorption information from Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin models was followed, and the Dubinin isotherm model was the best-fitted model. the thermodynamic parameter ?G0 values at 20, 30, 40 and 50°C were (0.5163, -0.0691, -0.9589, -0.5927kJ/mol). The value of ?H0 and ?S0 were (12.713kJ/mol and 0.0422073kJ/mol.k) which indicated favorable and endothermic sorption. The presence and concentration of CIP in aqueous media were identified through UV analysis.
Shaping Masculine Identity in Military Education Institutions of Post-reform Russia (based on the memoirs of noblemen)
Authors: Трегубова М.С.
Published: July 2021

В статье на основе мемуаров дворян — выпускников кадетских корпусов и военных училищ, исследуются способы и возможности формирования мужественности в военных учебных заведениях дореволюционной России. События Крымской войны продемонстрировали необходимость реформирования российской армии. Среди комплекса военных реформ 1860–1870-х годов значительное место занимали перемены в сфере военного образования. Вместе с тем изменение системы и структуры обучения не должно было затронуть главную составляющую образа офицера — его мужественность, под которой понимался комплекс качеств, характерных для сильного физически, умственно подготовленного и достойного воина. Обучение в военных заведениях было нацелено на формирование мужественности путем серьезной физической подготовки, а также воспитания смелости и доблести.

The article analyzes memoirs of noblemen, graduates of cadet schools and military colleges to investigate the process of masculine identity shaping in military education institutions in pre-revolutionary Russia. The events of the Crimean war highlighted the necessity of military reforms in the Russian Army. Military education reforms constituted an essential part of the Great Reforms of the 1860s-1870s. It was crucial that military education reforms should not affect the major characteristic of an officer, i.e. an officer’s masculinity which was treated as a complex of physical, mental and moral traits and qualities. Military education was aimed at the shaping of masculine identity via extensive physical training, the development of courage and valour.
The Similarity of Theoretical and Practical Views of the Proponents of Experimental Pedagogy in Late Post-reform Years (at the example of the Stoyunina Gymnasium and the Tenishev College)
Authors: Пономарев Е.В.
Published: July 2021

Великие реформы дали толчок развитию частного среднего образования
в России в различных формах: гимназии, реальные и коммерческие училища. На начало XX века количество частных учебных заведений почти в три раза превысило количество государственных, что нельзя сказать о соотношении количества учеников. Цель данной статьи — рассмотрение сходства теоретических взглядов сторонников экспериментальной педагогики и педагогических взглядов преподавателей передовых учебных заведений в столице в начале XX века на примере Тенишевского коммерческого училища и гимназии М. Н. Стоюниной. В соответствии с целью статьи данные учебные заведения изучаются с ранее не рассматриваемой позиции. На основе историографического материала анализируется вопрос о частных средних школах в столице и провинции — их владельцах и целях открытия. Учебные заведения, являющиеся предметом исследования, можно отнести к экспериментальным. Основными точками соприкосновения теоретических взглядов сторонников экспериментальной педагогики и взглядов педагогов экспериментальных учебных заведений столицы служили вопросы необходимости не только образования, но и воспитания учеников в учебном заведении, установления связи семьи и школы, создания безоценочной системы. Данная статья при дальнейшем рассмотрении вопроса позволит проследить динамику сходства и различия теоретических и практических взглядов сторонников свободного воспитания.

The Great Reforms initiated the development of Russian private secondary schools: gymnasiums, real and commercial colleges. In the early 20th century, the number of private educational institutions exceeded threefold the number of public educational institutions. However, the same cannot be said about the number of students receiving education in private and public schools. The aim of the article is to investigate the similarities of theoretical views of the proponents of experimental pedagogy and teachers working in leading educational institutions of St. Petersburg in the early 20th century at the example of the Tenishev college and the Stoyunina gymnasium. The aforementioned educational institutions are investigated from a novel perspective. The author investigates historiographic data to compare private educational institutions in St. Petersburg and in Russian provinces, to analyze information related to the owners of private schools and their aims. The research shows that both teachers working in St. Petersburg experimental educational institutions and the proponents of experimental pedagogy believed that academic education should go hand in hand with moral upbringing, understood the necessity of family-school cooperation, and believed there was no need in quantitative testing.
The article may be used for further investigation of the similarities of theoretical and practical views of the proponents of liberal education.
Gemstone Symbolism in F. M. Dostoyevsky’s Novels
Authors: Грачёва И.В.
Published: July 2021

Произведения Ф. М. Достоевского сложны для понимания не только в силу своего разнопланового философского «многоголосия», но и потому, что их идейнообразующее начало нередко возникает на уровне поэтики. Важную роль в этом играет выразительная деталь. Актуальность данного исследования определяется возрастающим вниманием к особенностям поэтики писателя, к взаимодействию текста и подтекста. Целью статьи является изучение роли художественной детали, связанной с упоминанием о самоцветных камнях в его романах. Предметом исследования стала символика самоцветов, издавна известная в мировой художественной культуре и получившая особенное распространение в России в ХVIII–ХIХ столетиях. Анализ романов Ф. М. Достоевского позволяет сделать вывод, что в художественном мире писателя случайные, казалось бы, упоминания о самоцветах несут большую смысловую нагрузку, открывая читателю глубины подтекста. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в школьном и вузовском преподавании литературы.

F. M. Dostoyevsky’s works are difficult to understand not only because of their polyphonous and multilayered philosophy, but also because their poetics is associated with idea capturing and idea shaping. Artistic details play a great role in Dostoyevsky’s works. The relevance of the research is accounted for by the ever-growing attention to the writer’s poetics, to the interconnection between the text and implications. The aim of the article is to investigate the role of gemstones in Dostoyevsky’s novels. The object of the research is gemstone symbolism which gained popularity in Russian literature in the 18th–19th centuries. The analysis of F. M. Dostoyevsky’s novels enables the author of the article to conclude that even seemingly random references to gemstones have great symbolic significance and help uncover numerous implications. The results of the research can be used at literature lessons in secondary and tertiary educational institutions.
KIC 12602250: A Low-amplitude Double-mode Delta Scuti Star with Amplitude Modulation
Authors: Lv Chenglong , Esamdin Ali , Zeng Xiangyun , Pascual-Granado J. , Yang Taozhi , Liu Junhui
Published: July 2021

We report a detailed light-curve analysis of the Kepler target Kepler Input Catalog (KIC) 12602250. The results show that KIC 12602250 is a low-amplitude radial double-mode δ-Scuti star with amplitude modulation. The Fourier analysis of the long cadence data (i.e., Q0—Q17, spanning 1471 days) reveals that the variations of the light curve are dominated by the strongest mode with frequency F0 = 11.6141 d−1, suggesting that KIC 12602250 is a δ-Scuti star. The other independent mode F1 = 14.9741 d−1 is newly detected. The amplitude of the light variations of KIC 12602250 is ∼0.06 mag, which indicates that this is a low-amplitude δ-Scuti star; but the ratio of F0/F1 is estimated as 0.7756, which is typical of HADS, and a slow amplitude growth is detected in F1 and f
3, which could be due to stellar evolution, suggesting that KIC 12602250 could be a post-main-sequence δ Scuti that is crossing the instability strip for the first time.
Two different clones of Candida pelliculosa bloodstream infection in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Yang Yulan , Wu Weiyuan , Ding Lu , Yang Lin , Su Jinzhen , Wu Benqing
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Fungemia in preterm infants results in high mortality and morbidity. The genotypes, drug susceptibilities of Candida pelliculosa strains, and clinical features of two outbreaks of neonatal candidemia caused by C. pelliculosa were analyzed, in order to provide evidence for the outbreaks and characteristics of C. pelliculosa neonatal candidemia.

Methodology: The strains were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to investigate their genetic relatedness. The broth microdilution method was used to determine in vitro susceptibility of the isolates to antifungal drugs. Clinical features of the infected patients were collected to analyze the risks for C. pelliculosa infection.

Results: Fourteen neonates, hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit from November 2012 to October 2013, were infected by C. pelliculosa. All 14 patients were cured after treatment with fluconazole and discharged without any complications. The C. pelliculosa isolates from the 14 patients were clustered into two groups, indicating that the outbreaks were caused by two types of strains. Eight of nine strains isolated from the 2013 outbreak were clustered into the same group, while one isolate was grouped together with five isolates from the 2012 outbreak. In vitro experiments demonstrated high antifungal activity of fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, and 5-fluorocytosine to C. pelliculosa. The common symptoms of C. pelliculosa candidaemia were fever, cyanosis, polypnea, hypoactivity, and apnea.

Conclusions: The current study revealed high in vitro susceptibility of C. pelliculosa to antifungals. As C. pelliculosa candidaemia cannot be characterized by clinical symptoms and routine blood testing alone, monitoring unusual strains isolated from immunodeficient hosts is very important to prevent possible outbreaks.
Preventive practices against COVID-19 among residents of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almoayad Fatmah Abdulelah , Bin-Amer Lujain Abdullah , Mahboub Samira , Alrabiah Alaa Mohammed , Alhashem Anwar Mohammed
Published: July 2021

Introduction: This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to use the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) model as a framework to assess compliance with preventive measures against COVID-19 among residents of the city of Riyadh.

Methodology: In May 2020, electronic study questionnaires on Microsoft Forms were distributed to a sample of 886 Riyadh residents via social media and WhatsApp groups.

Results: We found that the participants had good knowledge. However, less than half of the participants exhibited positive attitudes and good practices toward COVID-19. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between their practices, attitudes, and knowledge. The most practiced behaviours among the participants were (1) a commitment to home quarantine, (2) the use of a tissue or the inside of an elbow when coughing or sneezing, (3) hand washing for a minimum of 20 seconds, and (4) sterilization of surfaces/equipment and wearing masks in public places. Regression analysis showed that knowledge, attitudes, and age were the three factors that could predict the practices of preventive behaviours against COVID-19.

Conclusions: A higher likelihood of practicing preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly associated with one’s total knowledge and attitude scores. Future educational campaigns are recommended to focus on residents’ susceptibility to COVID-19, its severity, mask wearing, and the disinfection of surfaces and appliances when targeting public audiences. In addition to raising awareness, public policies that support preventive practices would improve the likelihood of compliance.
Rate and predictors of HIV virological failure among adults on first-line antiretroviral treatment in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Samizi Florence George , Panga Onna Duuma , Mulugu Senga Sembuche , Gitige Catherine Gale , Mmbaga Elia John
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Monitoring resistance to first line Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial in preventing accumulation of viral mutations following the implementation of the World Health Organization “treat all” initiative. We estimated the rate and predictors of virological treatment failure among adults living with HIV/AIDS in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Methodology: A retrospective cohort study involving adults aged 18 and above receiving first line ART in Dar as Salaam between 2016 and 2018 were recruited using multistage random sampling. Clinical and laboratory data were extracted from Care and Treatment Clinic database-2 (CTC2) followed by participant’s interviews. Adjusted Cox-regression modelling was used to determine independent predictors of treatment failure.

Results: A total of 340 participants with mean age of 37 were recruited. Overall, 10.59% had virological failure and the rate of failure was 5.24 (95% CI:3.72; 7.27) per 100 person-months at risk with a median failure time of 18 months. Independent predictors of treatment failure were being a male (Adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.78, 95%CI:1.16;6.63), having used treatment for less than two years (aHR, 12.48, 95%CI:3.64-22.71) and co-infection with Tuberculosis (aHR 2.1, 95%CI: 1.0;5.9).

Conclusions: HIV virological failure occurs early during treatment in this population. Male clients, co-infected with Tuberculosis were at higher risk of ART failure within two years of treatment. Substantial stride has been made towards the achievement of the last UNAIDS 90 goal but tailored counseling and close monitoring of HIV/TB co-infected male clients following ART initiation could accelerate efforts to close the gap. Further studies on pre-treatment drug resistance mutations are called for.
Diagnostic and early prognostic value of serum CRP and LDH levels in patients with possible COVID-19 at the first admission
Authors: Akdogan Dogan , Guzel Mustafa , Tosun Dervis , Akpinar Orhan
Published: July 2021

Introduction: COVID-19 is the infection caused by the new coronavirus. Specific treatment for COVID-19 has not been established, yet. It is important to determine the disease severity of the patients at the first admission. Therefore, the exploration of biomarkers is deemed necessary. We aimed to assess the diagnostic and early prognostic value of CRP and LDH levels in possible COVID-19 patients presenting with a severe clinical picture.

Methodology: We evaluated the correlations of relevant routine laboratory test results with disease severity in COVID-19 patients admitted to our infectious diseases clinic. Patients were divided into severe and non-severe disease groups based on clinical findings, oxygen saturation levels in the arterial blood, biochemical test results, and radiological findings. Differences in the findings between the two disease severity groups were examined to determine potential biomarkers.

Results: Median age and the CRP and LDH levels in the severe disease group were statistically significantly higher compared to the nonsevere group (p < 0.0001). No other parameters statistically significant differences have been observed between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions: CRP and LDH levels were positively correlated with lung lesions in early-stage COVID-19, potentially reflecting disease severity. Because LDH and CRP levels can potentially reflect the pulmonary function, they can be potential predictors of COVID-19- related respiratory failure. For avoiding poor prognosis; LDH and CRP should be considered as potential predictors for identifying the need for thoracic CT scans, close monitoring of pulmonary function, and aggressive supportive therapy early in the course of COVID-19.
Brief psychotic disorder in COVID-19 patient with no history of mental illness
Authors: Faisal Hana Khairina Putri , Taufik Feni Fitriani , Sugihen Tribowo Tuahta Ginting , Prasenohadi  , Juliani Tomu , Yunus Faisal
Published: July 2021

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic affects mental health globally. Reports showed the increase of mental illness as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the correlation between the COVID-19 and mental illness is not fully understood yet.

Methodology: We reported a brief psychotic disorder in a COVID-19 patient with no history of mental illness who was hospitalized in Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Results: Psychotic symptoms appeared five days after COVID-19 onset and laboratory tests showed elevated levels of d-dimer and fibrinogen.

Conclusions: Elevated levels of d-dimer and fibrinogen suggest an ongoing COVID-19-associated coagulopathy that might cause a microdamage in the central nervous system. It might contribute to the manifestation of psychotic symptoms. The correlation between brief psychotic disorder and COVID-19 requires further investigation.
A protocol for modelling generalised biological responses using latent variables in structural equation models
Authors: Grace James , Steiner Magdalena
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we consider the problem of how to quantitatively characterise the degree to which a study object exhibits a generalised response. By generalised response, we mean a multivariate response where numerous individual properties change in concerted fashion due to some internal integration. In latent variable structural equation modelling (LVSEM), we would typically approach this situation using a latent variable to represent a general property of interest (e.g. performance) and multiple observed indicator variables that reflect the specific features associated with that general property. While ecologists have used LVSEM in a number of cases, there is substantial potential for its wider application. One obstacle is that LV models can be complex and easily over-specified, degrading their value as a means of generalisation. It can also be challenging to diagnose causes of misspecification and understand which model modifications are sensible. In this paper, we present a protocol, consisting of a series of questions, designed to guide the researchers through the evaluation process. These questions address: (1) theoretical development, (2) data requirements, (3) whether responses to perturbation are general, (4) unique reactions by individual measures and (5) how far generality can be extended. For this illustration, we reference a recent study considering the potential consequences of maintaining biodiversity as part of agricultural management on the overall quality of grapes used for wine-making. We extend our presentation to include the complexities that occur when there are multiple species with unique reactions.
Accuracy of IOL Power Calculation Using the New Carlevale Sutureless Scleral Fixation Posterior Chamber IOL
Authors: Vaiano Agostino S. , Hoffer Kenneth J. , Greco Andrea , Greco Antonio , D'Amico Giovanni , Pasqualitto Valerio , Carlevale Carlo , Savini Giacomo
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the refractive outcomes of the new Carlevale foldable sutureless scleral fixation intraocular lens (SSF-IOL) (Soleko in eyes without capsular support.

METHODS:

This retrospective, single-center, noncomparative interventional case series included 25 consecutive eyes of 25 consecutive patients with either aphakia or lens/IOL dislocation due to capsular or zonular defects. The Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, and SRK/T formulas, which do not need measurements of the anterior chamber depth to predict the IOL position, were used to calculate the IOL power. Constant optimization was performed to zero out the mean prediction error (PE). The main outcome measures were mean PE ± standard deviation, median absolute error (MedAE), mean absolute error (MAE), and percentage of eyes with a PE within ±0.50 and ±1.00 diopters (D).

RESULTS:

Mean axial length was 24.09 ± 2.09 mm (range: 21.85 to 32.17 mm). No statistically significant differences were found among the three formulas for any parameter. The PE was zero due to constant optimization and its standard deviation ranged between 0.89 and 0.95 D. The MedAE ranged between 0.30 and 0.34 D, whereas the MAE ranged between 0.62 and 0.67 D. The percentage of eyes with a PE within ±0.50 D was between 56% and 64% and the percentage of eyes with a PE within ±1.00 D was between 69% and 72%.

CONCLUSIONS:

Reasonably good refractive outcomes can be obtained when implanting SSF-IOLs in eyes with no capsular support, although the accuracy is lower than what is reported for normal in-the-bag IOL implantation.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(7):472–476.]
Intraoperative Versus Postoperative Vault Measurement After Implantable Collamer Lens Implantation in a Large Cohort of Patients
Authors: Zaldívar Roberto , Adamek Pablo , Zaldívar Roger , Domínguez Maria S. , Cerviño Alejandro
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE:

To compare intraoperative and postoperative central vault measurement after implantable Collamer lens (ICL; STAAR Surgical) implantation using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

METHODS:

A total of 574 eyes of 338 consecutive patients undergoing myopic ICL implantation were evaluated (mean age of 30.8 ± 5.7 years, 117 men and 221 women). Central ICL vault was measured both intraoperatively using the microscope-integrated iOCT (Optomedical Technologies GmbH) mounted on a standard surgical microscope (HS Hi-R NEO 900A; Haag-Streit Surgical GmbH), and postoperatively using the CASIA2 swept-source OCT (Tomey GmbH) at 4 and 24 hours.

RESULTS:

Mean differences between intraoperative and postoperative vault values were 11.5 ± 29.0% of the mean value 4 hours postoperatively (
P
< .001) and 2.7 ± 33.5% of the mean value 24 hours postoperatively (
P
< .001). Correlation analysis shows significant agreement between vault values obtained intraoperatively and at the two postoperative times, 4 hours (Spearman Rho = 0.850,
P
< .001) and 24 hours (Spearman Rho = 0.745,
P
< .001). In 73% of cases, postoperative vault values 4 hours after the surgery could be predicted from intraoperative vault values, and so were 56% of vault values 1 day after surgery. Significant differences in vault were found at the different times, grouping cases by ICL size (Kruskal-Wallis,
P
= .028 for intraoperative vault, and
P
< .001 for both postoperative vault times), with smaller vault values for the smaller ICL size.

CONCLUSIONS:

Intraoperative determination of ICL vault using iOCT is an effective method for predicting postoperative ICL vault and minimizing postoperative vault surprises that could require surgical retouching.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(7):477–483.]
La importancia de la cartografía histórica en la elaboración de mapas de peligrosidad de inundación en el contexto del cambio climático: propuestas para la Rambla de Abanilla (Alicante)
Authors: Oliva Cañizares Antonio , Olcina Cantos Jorge
Published: July 2021

La rambla de Abanilla es un curso fluvial del sureste ibérico, generalmente seco, que se reactiva en momentos de precipitaciones intensas, generando anegaciones en su tramo final, en la Vega Baja del Segura (Alicante). El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar el grado de peligrosidad existente en los municipios del tramo bajo que fueron afectados en el episodio de septiembre de 2019. Se realiza una modelización del cauce y una serie mapas temáticos, cuyo resultado ha sido una cartografía de peligrosidad de inundación. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un nivel elevado de peligrosidad en el curso final del cauce (mayor que el realizado en la cartografía oficial existente SNCZI y PATRICOVA). Se analizan las propuestas que se han ido planteando tras cada evento de inundación por parte de diferentes organismos, y se proponen una serie de actuaciones para reducir la peligrosidad en los diferentes tramos de la rambla de Abanilla. La recuperación de sistemas tradicionales de riego se presenta como una posibilidad para reducir caudales de crecida y transformar el riesgo en un recurso, además de ser una medida de adaptación en el actual contexto de cambio climático.
Par-dessus les toits de Douai, épis de faîtages et objets apparentés, xiiie-xve siècle
Authors: Louis Étienne , Compagnon Éric
Published: July 2021

Les chantiers d’archéologie urbaine préventive de Douai (France, Nord) ont fourni plusieurs dizaines de fragments de céramique attribuables à des épis de faîtage et à divers autres accessoires de toiture. 36 pièces sont présentées, du xiiie au xve siècle, qui s’inscrivent, avec quelques variantes, dans le corpus des productions bien étudiées du bassin de l’Escaut. Il s’agit de pièces architecturales (aérateurs de cheminées, faîtières-supports, épis en pinacles, souvent fleuronnés) et de statuettes à composantes anthropomorphes et zoomorphes : animaux, cavaliers, guerriers, êtres fabuleux, personnages divers. Parmi eux, on citera deux pièces exceptionnelles, un zytiron (chevalier marin) récemment découvert et un homme sauvage chevauchant un griffon, une œuvre connue anciennement et désormais attribuable à l’atelier douaisien.
L’archéologie préventive en France : du sauvetage du patrimoine ancien à l’émergence de pratiques scientifiques et au partage de la connaissance.
Authors: Garcia Dominique
Published: July 2021

Brève histoire de l’archéologie préventive et patrimoniale de V. Hugo, P. Mérimée qui crée « les monuments historiques » à protéger de la destruction jusqu’à la création de l’Institut National des recherches archéologiques préventives (INRAP) qui grâce à une collaboration étroite entre service public et propriétaires privés permet de connaitre tous types de patrimoine mis à jour en fouilles urbaines, ensuite présentés à un large public par des reconstitutions en 3D.
Insights into the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia Based on the Features of Placentation and Tumorigenesis
Authors: Zhu Yun-Qing , Yan Xing-Yu , Li Hua , Zhang Cong
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Placentation and tumorigenesis have many common features. Human placentation builds a maternal-fetal connection, circumvents maternal immune rejection of the fetus, and utilizes mechanisms that support tumorigenesis, such as proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and immune tolerance. Trophoblasts of the human placenta mimic the behavior of malignant cells, proliferating and invading the uterine decidua until reaching the myometrium and remodeling the spiral arteries that establish a new vascular system and escape the maternal immune response. These processes are under precise temporal and spatial regulation, and their dysregulation is associated with different pregnancy syndromes, including preeclampsia (PE), a pregnancy syndrome that is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. At present, the precise mechanisms underlying the development of PE remain unclear. Here, we summarize and dissect the features between physiological placentation and pathological tumorigenesis to explore the pathogenesis of PE - which we believe to be the result of insufficient placentation, compared to the overaggression of tumorigenesis - to provide novel strategies to prevent and treat PE.
Allgrove syndrome (Triple-A Syndrome): A case report from north India
Authors: Ashraf Hamid , Varshney Nikhil , Juned M. , Siddiqui Sheelu
Published: July 2021

Triple-A syndrome, also known as Allgrove syndrome, is an uncommon disorder which is inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder. About 100 cases have been described in literature. The three AAA comprises adrenal insufficiency secondary to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) resistance, achalasia cardia, and alacramia. We are reporting a case of a 10-year-old boy diagnosed as triple-A syndrome with ACTHresistant adrenal insufficiency, achalasia cardia, and alacrimia. He has alacramia since birth, and at the age of 7 years, he was diagnosed to have achalasia cardia. He developed the symptoms of adrenal insufficiency at the age of 9 years. Allgrove syndrome might be underreported in literature as the diagnosis requires high index of suspicion. In our patient, there was a delay of 3 years after the initial diagnosis of achalasia cardia. The diagnosis of Allgrove syndrrome should be considered in every child presenting with alacremia or achalasia cardia.
COVID-19 lockdown and hypoglycemia among patients with diabetes fasting the month of Ramadan 2020
Authors: Ghareeb Zahra , Saffar Zainab , Ghareeb Ghadeer , Almaalu Ghalia , Alnaj Alia
Published: July 2021

Background: Patients with diabetes are targeted with diabetes education 8–10 weeks before Ramadan to have a safe fasting experience. In 2020, this timing coincided with COVID-19 lockdown when virtual clinics were implemented to secure patient care continuity. Objectives: We evaluated hypoglycemia episodes among patients with diabetes fasting in Ramadan 2020 during COVID-19 lockdown. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted after the month of Ramadan 2020, using a self-administered online questionnaire and convenient sampling methods. Patients with diabetes aged 14 years and older who practiced fasting in Ramadan were included in the study. Hypoglycemia rate in total and diabetes treatment among observers of Ramadan 2019 and Ramadan 2020 were compared. Predictors of hypoglycemia during fasting Ramadan 2020 were estimated. Results: Out of 367 patients with diabetes aged 14 years and older, 326 (88.8%) participants had the ability to fast Ramadan and were included in the study. Comparing patients' experience in Ramadan 2019 and Ramadan 2020, participants reported lower hypoglycemia episodes during Ramadan 2020 than Ramadan 2019, P = 0.017. In subgroup analysis based on the type of treatment, patients on noninsulin treatment had statistically significant lower hypoglycemia episodes during Ramadan 2020 than Ramadan 2019 (P = 0.006). Patients on insulin treatment had fewer hypoglycemia episodes during Ramadan 2020 than Ramadan 2019, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.405). The probability of hypoglycemia during fasting Ramadan 2020 was higher among younger age groups 14–30 years (odds ratio [OR] 7.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.72–30.39), patients aged 31–45 years (OR 7.18, 95% CI 1.97–26.19), patients with longer duration of diabetes (more than 10 years) (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.01–5.26), and patients on insulin (OR 14.14, 95% CI 1.72–30.39). Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown did not affect the diabetes-related experience among participants' fasting Ramadan. The hypoglycemia episodes of patients with diabetes in Saudi Arabia were improved during the pandemic era. This could be related to telemedicine services. More studies are required to support its role in improving health conditions beyond our population's pandemic era.
Phenotypes of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and their relationship with glycemic status in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Onwukwe Chikezie , Chikezie Nkiru , Okorie Kalu , Ohwovoriole Augustine
Published: July 2021

Background: There are varying reports on the association of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) phenotypes and glycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) patients. Such information is lacking in Nigerian data. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between HDL-C phenotypes and glycemic control in T2D patients. Materials and Methods: Clinical and laboratory data were collected from consenting T2D patients. Information was managed and analyzed with appropriate software. Results: Four hundred T2D patients consisting of 235 and 165 persons with and without poor glycemic control, respectively, were recruited for this study. There was a significant negative correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the HDL2-C phenotype (rs = −0.12, P = 0.01). The correlation between HbA1c and the HDL3-C phenotype was not statistically significant (rs = −0.06, P = 0.21). Conclusion: The HDL2 phenotype has a stronger correlation with glycemic status than the HDL3 phenotype in T2D patients.
Prevalence of Pathogens in Young Children Presenting to Hospital with Diarrhea from Lambaréné, Gabon
Authors: Manouana Gédéon Prince , Byrne Natalie , Mbong Ngwese Mirabeau , Nguema Moure Alvyn , Hofmann Philipp , Bingoulou Matsougou Gedeon , Lotola Mougeni Fabrice , Nnoh Dansou Elsy , Agbanrin Maradona Daouda , Mapikou Gouleu Christiane Sidonie , Ategbo Simon , Zinsou Jeannot Fréjus , Adegbite Bayode Romeo , Edoa Jean Ronald , Kremsner Peter Gottfried , Mordmüller Benjamin , Eibach Daniel , McCall Matthew , Abraham Alabi , Borrmann Steffen , Adegnika Ayola Akim
Published: July 2021

Diarrheal disease is the second most frequent cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years worldwide, causing more than half a million deaths each year. Our knowledge of the epidemiology of potentially pathogenic agents found in children suffering from diarrhea in sub-Saharan African countries is still patchy, and thereby hinders implementation of effective preventative interventions. The lack of cheap, easy-to-use diagnostic tools leads to mostly symptomatic and empirical case management. An observational study with a total of 241 participants was conducted from February 2017 to August 2018 among children younger than 5 years with diarrhea in Lambaréné, Gabon. Clinical and demographic data were recorded, and a stool sample was collected. The samples were examined using a commercial rapid immunoassay to detect Rotavirus/adenovirus, conventional bacterial culture for Salmonella spp., and multiplex real-time PCR for Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia lamblia, Cyclospora cayetanensis, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC)/Shigella. At least one infectious agent was present in 121 of 241 (50%) samples. The most frequently isolated pathogens were EIEC/Shigella and ETEC (54/179; 30.2% and 44/179; 24.6%, respectively), followed by G. lamblia (33/241; 13.7%), Cryptosporidium spp. (31/241; 12.9%), and Rotavirus (23/241; 9.5%). Coinfection with multiple pathogens was observed in 33% (40/121) of the positive cases with EIEC/Shigella, ETEC, and Cryptosporidium spp. most frequently identified. Our results provide new insight into the possible causes of diarrheal disease in the Moyen-Ogooué region of Gabon and motivate further research on possible modes of infection and targeted preventive measures.
Mortality in Parenchymal and Subarachnoid Neurocysticercosis
Authors: Abanto Jesus , Blanco Daniel , Saavedra Herbert , Gonzales Isidro , Siu Diego , Pretell E. Javier , Bustos Javier A. , Garcia Hector H. , _ _
Published: July 2021

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is endemic in many parts of the world, carrying significant neurological morbidity that varies according to whether lesions are located inside the cerebral parenchyma or in extraparenchymal spaces. The latter, in particular subarachnoid NCC, is assumed to be more severe, but no controlled studies comparing mortality between types of NCC exist. The aim of this study was to compare all-cause mortality between patients with intraparenchymal NCC and those with subarachnoid NCC. Vital status and sociodemographic characteristics were evaluated in patients with intraparenchymal viable, intraparenchymal calcified, and subarachnoid NCC attending a neurological referral hospital in Lima, Perú. Survival analyses using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional regression models were carried out to compare mortality rates between groups. From 840 NCC patients followed by a median time of 82.3 months, 42 (5.0%) died, six (1.8%) in the intraparenchymal viable group, four (1.3%) in the calcified group, and 32 (16.6%) in the subarachnoid group (P < 0.001). Older age and lower education were significantly associated with mortality. The age-adjusted hazard ratio for death in the subarachnoid group was 13.6 (95% CI: 5.6–33.0, P < 0.001) compared with the intraparenchymal viable group and 10.7 (95% CI: 3.7–30.8, P < 0.001) when compared with the calcified group. We concluded that subarachnoid disease is associated with a much higher mortality in NCC.
Infant Dengue a 10-Year Experience from a Tertiary Center in South India
Authors: Dash Nabaneeta , Aby Reshmi , Kumar Madhan , Abraham Asha Mary , Rose Winsley
Published: July 2021

Dengue remains a major problem in the tropics. Several Asian countries have reported an increasing trend in the proportion of infants with dengue fever. However, most studies are limited to case reports or small case series from isolated outbreaks. We planned this study to look at clinico-laboratory profile, outcome, and predictors of severity in a large cohort of infants over a decade. Electronic medical records of infants admitted at a tertiary center of South India, with laboratory confirmed dengue infection between 2009 and 2019 were reviewed. Diagnosis was based on detection of NS-1 antigen and/or immunoglobulin M antibody against DENV(dengue virus) or positive DENV RNA polymerase chain reaction in infants presenting with acute febrile illness and clinical features consistent with dengue. Of 395 children with dengue admitted during study period, 99 (25%) were infants. A cyclical incidence pattern was noted, with higher cases in alternate years. Fever (99%) was most common, followed by gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, diarrhea—28%) and upper respiratory symptoms (cough, coryza—22%). Fifty-three infants had severe dengue, and 39 had shock. Fourteen children had multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, and 13 died. Infants with severe dengue were older than those with nonsevere disease, had lower serum albumin and greater frequency of severe thrombocytopenia, and had coagulopathy. On multivariable analysis, low serum albumin predicted development of severe dengue [P = 0.003, odds ratio 12.4 (95% confidence interval: 2.42–63.7)]. Dengue in infants may be challenging to recognize because of its undifferentiated presentation, with gastrointestinal and upper respiratory symptoms that are similar to other viral illness. Severe dengue is common in this sample, and lower serum albumin at presentation was predictive of severe disease.
Evaluation of a Rapid IgG4 Lateral Flow Dipstick Test to Detect Strongyloides stercoralis Infection in Northeast Thailand
Authors: Noordin Rahmah , Anuar Nor Suhada , Juri Nor Mustaiqazah , Wongphutorn Phattharaphon , Ruantip Sirowan , Kopolrat Kulthida Y. , Worasith Chanika , Sithithaworn Jiraporn , Sithithaworn Paiboon
Published: July 2021

Strongyloides stercoralis affects more than half a billion people worldwide, and hyperinfection in immunocompromised patients can be fatal. Elimination of this neglected tropical disease requires field-applicable diagnostic tools. We conducted a laboratory evaluation of a lateral flow rapid dipstick test (SsRapid™) using sera samples from a Strongyloides-endemic area in northeast Thailand. Group 1 was S. stercoralis-positive and larvae- and/or antibody-positive (according to the IgG ELISA) (N = 100). Group 2 had negative fecal examination and IgG ELISA results (N = 25). Group 3 had other parasitic infections and negative IgG ELISA results (N = 25). The results showed good diagnostic sensitivity (82%) and excellent specificity (96%). Suggested improvements in the SsRapid™ test include increased diagnostic sensitivity and conversion to the more robust cassette format. Field studies should be performed as well.
Case Report: COVID-19-associated Rhinosinusitis Mucormycosis Caused by Rhizopus arrhizus: A Rare but Potentially Fatal Infection Occurring After Treatment with Corticosteroids
Authors: Tabarsi Payam , Khalili Neda , Pourabdollah Mihan , Sharifynia Somayeh , Safavi Naeini Ali , Ghorbani Jahangir , Mohamadnia Abdolreza , Abtahian Zahra , Askari Elham
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 first emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Since that time, the frequency of bacterial and fungal coinfections has been continuously increasing. Although invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is being increasingly recognized in association with COVID-19, there is limited information regarding COVID-19-associated mucormycosis. We describe a 50-year-old woman with uncontrolled diabetes who received systemic corticosteroids and remdesevir during her admission for COVID-19. A few days after discharge, the patient was readmitted because of facial swelling and numbness, and a diagnosis of COVID-19-associated rhinosinusitis mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus arrhizus (formerly called Rhizopus oryzae) was confirmed with sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA. This report aimed to address the importance of short-term follow-up for COVID-19 patients who have received systemic corticosteroids, particularly those with predisposing conditions, because early detection and prompt, aggressive treatment are essential for the management of invasive fungal infections.
Personnel Protection - Compact Tool Carriers
Authors:   OPTC1, Personnel Protection (General)
Published: July 2021

This SAE Recommended Practice applies to compact tool carriers sometimes called, but not limited to mini-loaders, mini skid-steer loaders or compact utility loaders. Machines having a seated-operator position are excluded from this standard. However, certain attachments for a compact tool carrier may provide a seated-operator position for the operation of the attachment.
ЛИТЕРАРНО-ДОКУМЕНТАРНА ПРОЗА У НАСТАВИ ЗАВИЧАЈНЕ КУЛТУРЕ: НА ПРИМЕРУ ПИСАЦА ИЗ УЖИЦА
Authors: В. Николић Милка
Published: July 2021

Modern education prepares student for a life in the world where a dialogue between different cultures exists. On the other hand, modern education enables the growth of student’s conscience about the belonging to a certain community and desire to personally contribute to preservation of homeland cultural heritage. It is believed that a child who is aware of the identity of its closer environment will have harsher criteria for accepting the legacies of general culture and understanding the separate cultures. Autobiographies, memoirs, and journals are characterized by different types of discourse (narration, description, argumentation, interpretation). The works in question (entire or in fragments) should be used as a didactic tool for developing and promoting students’ different abilities. The paper discusses the educational potential of documentary prose in literature by the writers of different profiles (craftsmen, entrepreneurs, soldiers, artists), born in Užice, who depicted the social and private life from the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The goal is to examine the possibilities for the development and improvement of students’ abilities by using these works in history and literary classes. Documentary prose in literature by homeland writers represents the narrative rich in information and details, which allows teacher to enlighten the events, characters, and occurrences from different perspectives.
TРАДИЦИОНАЛНО И МОДЕРНО У ПОЕЗИЈИ РАДОСЛАВА ЗЛАТАНОВИЋА
Authors: Т. Андрејевић Даница
Published: July 2021

The lyrical profile of Radoslav Zlatanović marked the second half of the 20th century in the Serbian poetry of Kosovo and Metohija. The Kosovo myth and the cult of woman in his poetry are imbued with pagan and modern elements. This paper follows the traditional and modern layers of this poetry, that make a lyrical symbiosis. Zlatanović represents the ecstasy of life’s joy and youth, by which he can be related to the avant-garde Serbian poet between the two world wars Rastko Petrović. His poetry carries the traditional archetypal images, but also the modern sensibility and authentic poetic expression. The poetry of Radoslav Zlatanović influenced the forming of the entire generation of contemporary Serbian poets in Kosovo and Metohija.
АКУСТИЧКЕ ОСОБЕНОСТИ ФРИКАТИВА /Ш/ И /Ж/ У БАТАЊИ (МАЂАРСКА) И НАЋФАЛИ (РУМУНИЈА)
Authors: Радовановић Драгана , Гудурић Снежана
Published: July 2021

This paper deals with the acoustic nature of fricative palatal consonants [ʃ], [ʒ] in the speech of Batanja and Nacfala. The obtained results were compared with the acoustic nature of the equivalent consonants in standard Serbian and in the speech of Novi Sad. The results show that the fricatives [ʃ] and [ʒ] of Batanja and Nacfala speeches differ from standard Serbian and Novi Sad speech, but also they differ between themselves. This research also represents an introduction of the acoustic analysis of the speech of Batanja and Nacfala.
ЕПСКО ПРИПОВЕДАЊЕ АНЂЕЛКА КРСТИЋА
Authors: Д. Бојанић Ћирковић Мирјана
Published: July 2021

В работе конкретизируется и систематизируем общеприняты примечания о элементах повествования в произведениях Анджелко Крстича, обогащая их спецфичестями (особенностями) наративного мира капитального произведе- ния Траян Анджелко Крстича (1932). Соответственно природе методы его творческого поступка расветливаемого нами в соотношении с литературным временем и общественной и исторической обстановкой условляемой его, и в большой степени сквозь имплицитную поэтику, интенции эмпирического и имплицитного романа Траян и его стиль повествования связываем с эпиче- ским повествованием. Значительные аспекты повествовательного поступка Крстича находим в эпической миссии, технике ab ovo, т.е. саге о семье Ра- девич, формированию лика Траяна опираясь на эпический мотив, т.е. пред- ставительность фольклорных элементов наратива, которые одновременно являются заглавиями отделов работы. В работе обращаем внимание и на эле- менты модернизации повествовательной формы романа Траян. Работу закан- чиваем обзором на рецензию эпические повествования Анджелко Крстича с точки зрения нашей современности, и открываем просторы для полемики в связи с а (на)хроникой такого поступка.
FORMULĂRI STILISTICE ÎN ARHITECTURA TIMIȘOAREI ȘI VÂRȘEȚULUI (SEC. XVIII-XX). STUDIU DE CAZ: PALATELE PRELAȚILOR ORTODOCȘI SÂRBI
Authors: Gh. Vlăsceanu Mihaela
Published: July 2021

Being monuments endowed with ideological dimension, the Orthodox Bishopric Serbijan palaces from Vârșeț and Timișoara present interesting stylistical evolutions, from 18th century’s late Baroque to 20th Century Viennese Secession. Symbolizing the power of Orthodox Church rulers, these constructions adopted the Catholic Baroque style, crossed through the Romantic period with the rebirth of neoclassical values and ended in what was configured at the beginning of the 20th century as the closure with the academic dimension and the introduction of the Secession style. The hypothesis of the paper states the importance of European artistic values in defining identity, as the case of these two palaces with their evolution, an evolution that culminated in synthesis. Art patronage from this perspective has implications for the evolution, as such, the two monuments illustrate Serbian religious authority and its reaction to the modern art. In this case the palaces stand as hallmarks for the ecclesiastical architecture of the Banat, a focal point in the general phenomenon.