bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postnatal development in a specialized bird: Quantitative and qualitative analysis of pelvic girdle morphological changes in Rhea americana (Aves, Palaeognathae)
Authors: Picasso Mariana B. J.
Published: February 2025

The greater rhea (Rhea americana) is the largest bird in South America. It is flightless and cursorial, with a precocial postnatal development. This study aims to describe the postnatal morphological changes in the pelvic girdle of Rhea americana, focusing on ontogenetic scaling and gross anatomy to provide insight into the potential relationship between structure and function in cursorial birds. The pelves of 18 specimens representing four postnatal stages, were studied. Gross anatomical observations and staining methods were used to identify bone and cartilage, providing detailed information about qualitative morphological changes. Quantitative changes were assessed through linear regression analysis using pelvic linear dimensions and body mass to determine allometric growth patterns. The pelvic girdles of immature specimens are characterized by unfused bones, including the vertebrae synsacrales and the medial borders of the ilia, and small cartilaginous areas at the caudal end of the ilium, ischium, pubis, antitrochanter and tuberculum preacetabulare. These immature traits persisted until the most advanced juvenile stages were studied, indicating the slow postnatal growth typical of precocial birds. Similar to other precocial birds, the greater rhea exhibits large bone areas in its pelvic girdle, providing the mechanical strength necessary for locomotion from hatching. The pelvic dimensions showed a combined pattern of allometric and isometric growth related to hindlimb function and body support. The positive allometric growth of the ilium contributed to its increasing verticalization and narrowing, providing an increased dorsoventral surface area for the attachment of the powerful proximal hindlimb muscles. In contrast, the isometric growth of the intertrochanteric width helps in the uniform distribution of loading caused by body mass, providing adequate stability and support.
COVID‐19 Labor Market Shocks and Withdrawals From Retirement Accounts: Understanding the Moderating Role of Financial Knowledge
Authors: Lee Sunwoo , Kim Kyoung Tae , Hanna Sherman D.
Published: February 2025

We explored the relationship between COVID‐19 labor market shocks and the likelihood of hardship withdrawals or plan loans from retirement accounts, which could significantly impact workers' retirement savings. We found that about 14% of working‐age respondents took a hardship withdrawal or plan loan. Those reporting a COVID‐19 labor market shock had odds of a hardship withdrawal as much as 3.8 times as high as otherwise comparable respondents who did not have a shock. Additionally, we found that the relationship to a COVID‐19‐related labor shock was moderated by the objective and subjective financial knowledge of individuals, suggesting a potential role for financial education in alleviating retirement risks. A notable finding is that respondents exhibiting financial knowledge overconfidence were more likely to take a plan loan or a hardship withdrawal than those with appropriate levels of confidence or low levels of confidence. This study offers important insights for policymakers, educators, and practitioners.
Reducing Food Waste Behavior for Sustainable Consumption: The Effect of Food Consumption Values on Food Waste
Authors: Hwang Hyesun , Nam Su‐Jung , Lee Yu Lim
Published: February 2025

We examined the factors influencing food waste in Korean households. We analyzed data sourced from the Korea Rural Economic Institute using hierarchical regression to assess the impacts of individual‐ and household‐level factors, as well as food consumption values on food waste. Results showed that the main effects of age, metropolis, apartment, monthly food expenditure, frequency of food shopping, change in food expenditure, household size, ethical value, and convenience value were statistically significant. Food waste also increased with an increase in age, metropolis, frequency of food shopping, household size, and convenience value. As ethical values decreased, food waste increased. The influence of household size was relatively the largest, and the interactive effect of household size with functional value and convenience value as moderating variables was statistically significant.
Efficacy of Organic‐Based Substrate Formulation of Bacillus Strains and Trichoderma asperellum Against Fusarium Wilt of Cashew
Authors: Lilai Stanslaus A. , Hussein Juma , Kapinga Fortunus A. , Nene Wilson A. , Temu Stela G. , Tibuhwa Donatha D.
Published: February 2025

Biological control has emerged as a leading approach in managing crop diseases including Fusarium wilt of cashew caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. anacardi. However, this approach is limited by the high cost of commercially available growth media and ultimately lacks applications at the farmer's level. The study examined three organic‐based substrate formulations (rice bran, rice husk and their combination) of four combined Bacillus strains (Bacillus subtilis 4/5021 and Bacillus velenzesis 10/5140, 11/A + 1 and 13/A + 3) or Trichoderma asperellum to control the disease. The experiments were conducted in farmers' fields in 2021/2022 and 2022/2023. The treatments were applied once during the rainy season by soil drenching at a rate of 20 mL of bioformulation per litre of water around each tree. The results revealed that the treated cashew trees had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower final disease severity (between 15.17% and 33.75% in 2021/2022 and 14.43%–31.93% in 2022/2023) than the untreated trees (77.17% and 89.31%, respectively). The only treatment that was not significantly different from the control was the rice husk–T. asperellum formulation in both years. In treated plots, disease severity decreased over time each year, whereas disease severity increased in untreated trees. Based on these results, the three formulations of Bacillus strains and two of the Trichoderma asperellum formulations (bran‐based or bran–husk combination) should be evaluated further for the management of Fusarium wilt of cashew. This study offers a potential solution to utilise locally available organic substrates for developing liquid‐based formulations of biological control agents.
A review of plant diversity surveys and monographic studies of the Pan‐Himalaya region
Authors: Yang Fu‐Sheng , Peng Dan , Ma Xing‐Tang , Ban Qin , Du Yu‐Fen , Yu Sheng‐Xiang , Gao Tian‐Gang , Wang Jin‐Xiu , Liu Bing , Lu Limin , Chen Zhi‐Duan , Hong De‐Yuan , Wang Qiang
Published: February 2025

The Pan‐Himalaya, known as the “Roof of the World”, forms a natural geographic unit covering the entire range of the Himalaya and the Hengduan Mountains in addition to Karakorum and the northeastern extreme of Hindu Kush. The region possesses three biodiversity hotspots and harbors a rich and distinctive flora. Here, we review the history of plant diversity surveys and monographic studies in the region. The contributions of outstanding collectors of Pan‐Himalaya are also reviewed, as well as the ongoing international project on the Flora of Pan‐Himalaya (FPH). As the main concern of the present review, we showed that the development of botanic survey is uneven among different areas in the Pan‐Himalaya region, and that a special concern should be given to northern Myanmar and Yarlung Zangbo–Brahmaputra.
Statute of Limitations for Tax Evasion
Authors: Pavel Raluca , Acikgoz Bernur , Poudou Jean‐Christophe , Willinger Marc
Published: February 2025

We investigate the effects of retroactive audits and varying statutes of limitations on tax compliance through a laboratory experiment. First, we solve a dynamic model using Bellman's solution to show that longer limitation periods promote compliance by raising expected penalties, as each past period carries a higher probability of inspection. Second, in our experiment, we manipulate the statute of limitations (0, 1, 3, and 6 periods), providing data that support the model's predictions. Our data also suggest that a 3‐year statute of limitation optimally balances compliance benefits with administrative efficiency.
Collaborative Growth: When Large Language Models Meet Sociolinguistics
Authors: Nguyen Dong
Published: February 2025

Large Language Models (LLMs) have dramatically transformed the AI landscape. They can produce remarkable fluent text and exhibit a range of natural language understanding and generation capabilities. This article explores how LLMs might be used for sociolinguistic research and, conversely, how sociolinguistics can contribute to the development of LLMs. It argues that both areas of research will benefit from a thoughtful, engaging collaboration. Sociolinguists are not merely end users of LLMs; they have a crucial role to play in the development of LLMs.
A primitive asteroid that lived fast and died young sampled by a xenolith in the Cold Bokkeveld CM2 carbonaceous chondrite
Authors: Lee Martin R. , Floyd Cameron J. , Haller Robin , Griffin Sammy
Published: February 2025

Xenoliths in carbonaceous chondrites include lithologies that are unrepresented in the meteorite record and so are a rich source of information on asteroid diversity. Cold Bokkeveld is a CM2 regolith breccia that contains both hydrous and anhydrous lithic clasts. Here, we describe a hydrous clast with a fine‐grained rim. This rim shows that the clast is a xenolith that interacted with dust in the protoplanetary disk between liberation from its protolith and incorporation into Cold Bokkeveld's parent body. Prior to its fragmentation, the xenolith's protolith had undergone brittle deformation, with the fractures produced being cemented by carbonates to make veins. After being incorporated into Cold Bokkeveld's parent body, the veined xenolith experienced a second phase of aqueous alteration leading to hydration of its fine‐grained rim, replacement of carbonate by tochilinite–cronstedtite intergrowths, and formation of magnetite within its fine‐grained matrix. The veined xenolith's protolith underwent its entire geological evolution (accretion–aqueous alteration–fracturing–fragmentation) before Cold Bokkeveld's parent body had accreted. Such a short lifespan may be explained by explosive breakup of the protolith due to overpressure from gases produced internally during water–rock interaction. Early fragmentation effectively acted as a thermostat to limit runaway heating that may have otherwise resulted from the body's high concentrations of 26Al. Many other hydrous lithic clasts in CM carbonaceous chondrite meteorites could be the remains of such ephemeral early asteroids, but they are hard to identify without evidence that they were accreted as hydrous lithologies and contemporaneously with chondrules.
Mid‐infrared detection and characterization of refractory inclusions in CM and CO chondrites: A non‐destructive approach for returned space samples
Authors: Charlier Jean , Aléon‐Toppani Alice , Brunetto Rosario , Aléon Jérôme , Borondics Ferenc
Published: February 2025

Refractory inclusions (RIs) in chondrites are widely used as tracers of early solar system formation conditions. In the context of sample‐return missions, a non‐destructive and non‐invasive analytical tool that can rapidly detect and characterize RIs in space samples during their early phase of study is highly needed. Here, we performed mid‐infrared (MIR) fine‐scale hyperspectral imaging over large fields of view to detect RIs in CM and CO chondrites. A database of MIR spectra of typical RIs minerals was built (1) to support future remote sensing observations in astronomical environments and (2) to develop a detection method based on machine‐learning algorithms and spectral distance between sample and reference minerals. With this method, up to 96.5% of the RI content is detected in a meteorite section. Further comparison between scanning electron microscopy and spot analysis acquired in reflectance in the full MIR range shows that RIs can be classified following their mineralogy based on infrared (IR) properties. Finally, we show that the relative OH content of several RIs in CM chondrites determined from IR spectroscopy can be used to infer the extent of modification caused by aqueous alteration on the asteroidal parent body.
The expressway network design problem for multiple urban subregions based on the macroscopic fundamental diagram
Authors: Di Yunran , Zhang Weihua , Shi Haotian , Ding Heng , Huo Jinbiao , Ran Bin
Published: February 2025

With the advancement of urbanization, cities are constructing expressways to meet complex travel demands. However, traditional link‐based road network design methods face challenges in addressing large‐scale expressway network design problems. This study proposes an expressway network design method tailored for multi‐subregion road networks. The method employs the macroscopic fundamental diagram to model arterial dynamics and the cell transmission model to capture expressway dynamics. A stochastic user equilibrium model is further established for route choice, and a decision model is developed to minimize total time spent. Simulations show that new expressways alleviate network congestion, with significant effects in the initial stages. Moreover, route guidance strategies and driver compliance also influence the schemes.
Manifestation of Chronic and Non‐Communicable Diseases Among Filipino Internationally Educated Nurses in Finland: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Cubelo Floro , Turunen Hannele
Published: February 2025

Limited research has explored the impact of migration on the manifestation of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among internationally educated nurses (IENs) in Finland. This study aimed to describe Filipino IENs' experiences with the manifestation of NCDs among them. Secondary data from 10 IENs working in two hospitals were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis. The study adhered to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist. Three key themes emerged: insufficient knowledge and lack of interest in health promotion, migration as a factor, and occupational health challenges. Migration was found to impact NCD occurrence. Inadequate knowledge and underutilization of occupational health services were identified as a barrier to prevent the risk of getting NCDs. Long waiting periods for appointments and language barriers exacerbated these risks. Limited awareness of available occupational health services and disinterest in health promotion contributed to NCD manifestation among IENs. Lengthy waiting times highlighted the need for educational campaigns on health‐promoting activities. Cultural competence training for local healthcare providers can improve culturally sensitive occupational healthcare for IENs. Health promotion education should be provided to IENs before their migration. Upon arrival, nurse managers should inform the nurses about the availability of occupational healthcare services provided by the employer, ensuring easy access. Additionally, efforts should be made to ensure that nurses integrate well into society, including facilitating access to recreational activities.
Ainsliaea guniuensis (Asteraceae), a new species from southern Anhui, eastern China
Authors: Zhang Si‐Yu , Ni Wei‐Yong , Hu Ying‐Feng , Cheng Jian‐Jun , Li Xiao‐Hong , Shao Jian‐Wen
Published: February 2025

Ainsliaea guniuensis W.Y.Ni and S.Y.Zhang sp. nov, a new species from the Guniujiang National Nature Reserve in southern Anhui, eastern China, is described based on morphological and molecular evidence. The new species is distinguishable from morphologically related species (A. fragrans and A. kawakamii) by its usually sub‐paniculate inflorescences, thickly chartaceous leaves with veins noticeably sunken, and well‐developed villous hairs on the abaxial surface of the leaf. Along with comments on its conservation, distribution, ecology and taxonomy, an identification key to all species of Ainsliaea occurring in eastern China is also presented.
Nursing and Pluralism: The Work of Michel Serres
Authors: McCaffrey Graham
Published: February 2025

Nursing theory should reflect the pluralism inherent in nursing practice. Nurses routinely enact different kinds of knowledge in combination to achieve good nursing care. Nursing theoretical and philosophical literature includes many attempts to engage with epistemological pluralism. In this paper, concepts from the work of Michel Serres are introduced as a contribution to the resources available to think pluralistically about nursing. Serres' work is valuable because he is a pluralist thinker, who uses different conceptual tools to explore the complexity of human life, including topology, isomorphism, and the excluded third. Serres' terms are discussed with examples of application to nursing. An extendeddd example of addictions nursing is used to pull together different concepts applied to a complex and multilayered area of practice.
Monetization and the Fiscal Multiplier
Authors: Fratianni Michele , Lucchetti Riccardo , Giri Federico , Valentini Francesco
Published: February 2025

We investigate the size of Italian fiscal multipliers over the period 1872–2006. By instrumenting total expenditure with defence expenditure, we measure the multiplier under different business and monetary policy regimes, also employing a time‐varying parameters model to encompass structural changes. We explore the nexus between the multiplier and monetization using the treasury monetary base, a policy instrument used in Italy during the period, as a novel measure of monetization. Results suggest that when monetization and economic slackness occur jointly, the fiscal multiplier tends to be larger. Monetization does not significantly affect the multiplier during expansions.
Liver Transplantation for Children With Budd‐Chiari Syndrome: A Case Report From Vietnam and Literature Review
Authors: Tran Thanh Tri , Truong Thi Yen Nhi , Nguyen Hong Van Khanh , Luu Nguyen An Thuan , Than Trong Thien , Bui Hai Trung , Ho Phi Duy , Pirotte Thierry , Reding Raymond
Published: February 2025

Budd‐Chiari syndrome (BCS) presents with various degrees of liver damage, and the choice of treatment depends on the type and extent of hepatic injury. Liver transplantation (LT) is considered as the final treatment option when other interventions are not feasible and when the liver injury is irreversible. We report a case of a pediatric patient with BCS who underwent liver transplantation from a living donor in the context of thrombophilic disorder.

Case Presentation

A 14‐month‐old girl was admitted to the hospital with ascites. She was malnourished, and an abdominal CT scan confirmed significant ascites with no visualization of the hepatic veins and retrohepatic inferior vena cava (IVC). A liver biopsy revealed fibrosis, necrosis, and parenchymal hemorrhage. Patient's portal hypertension was managed with prophylactic beta‐blocker Propranolol and endoscopic esophageal variceal ligation. However, she was hospitalized four times due to gastrointestinal bleeding from ruptured esophageal varices. Protein C deficiency was found as probable etiology of BCS. The patient underwent liver transplantation at 3 years and 8 months old with a liver from a parental living donor. The surgery and postoperative course were uneventful, and the patient was discharged 25 days after the transplant.

Clinical Discussion

Hypercoagulability is often the underlying cause of BCS. Maintaining anticoagulation/thrombophilic balance postoperatively contributed to the successful liver transplantation in this pediatric patient.

Conclusion

Liver transplantation is a safe and effective treatment for pediatric patients with BCS who meet the criteria for the procedure.
Inoculation of methylotrophs mitigates heat and UV stress in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) and enhances growth, antioxidant, and functional diversity
Authors: Gamit Harshida A. , Manoharadas Salim , Amaresan Natarajan
Published: February 2025

Climate change involves the induction of heat and solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which profoundly affects sustainable crop production. Increasing solar UV radiation negatively impacts the photosynthetic apparatus, plant‐associated organisms, and plant health. The present study aimed to comprehensively assess methylotrophic bacteria to alleviate heat and UV radiation in Vigna radiata L. under pot studies and field conditions. Under normal and UVB stress conditions, inoculation of methylotrophs significantly enhanced seed germination (72.55%–96.70% (normal) and 51.67%–65.33% (stressed)) and improved plant growth parameters, total chlorophyll (25.80–48.16 mg/g (normal) and 9.13–27.88 mg/g (stressed)), and carotenoid (569.1–1067.1 μg/g (normal) and 287.8–903.4 μg/g (stressed)) contents. A similar enhancement in antioxidant properties such as superoxide dismutase (1–5 fold), peroxidase (1–9 fold), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (1–4 fold), and proline content (1–5 fold) was observed in response to UVB radiation and heat stress under pot studies. A community‐level physiological profile (CLPP) study of leaf samples revealed enhanced AWCD in methylotrophs treated plants compared to the UVB‐exposed controls. Furthermore, field studies in summer conditions confirmed that inoculation with methylotrophs had a positive effect on V. radiata growth and physiology. The methylotrophs inoculation increased pod formation (25.44–32.78 and 15.56–32.00) and yield (109.81–238.63 and 71.88–216.29 q/ha) under UV cut‐off sheet covered and non‐covered conditions, respectively. This study demonstrated the potential of methylotrophs to mitigate heat and solar (UV) radiation in plants and provide sustainable strategies for agriculture and the environment.
Product and Process Innovation: Evaluating Supplier Diversity and Geographic Proximity in Importing by Non‐MNEs
Authors: Fernández‐Olmos Marta , Dupouët Olivier
Published: February 2025

This work aims to clarify the role of intermediate imports on the innovation performance of non‐multinational enterprises (non‐MNEs) by examining the geographic proximity and diversity of international suppliers. Firstly, it has been argued that importing from nearby suppliers will contribute more to innovation performance than distant suppliers. Secondly, it is postulated that importing from several foreign suppliers will contribute more to innovation performance than importing from only one supplier. The analysis was conducted in the country of Spain, where, as in many other developed countries, intermediate imports have registered an upward trend in recent years. Using the ESEE (Spanish Survey on Business Strategies) database from the period 2006 to 2018, a joint analysis of product and process innovations was conducted. The empirical findings of 2000 Spanish non‐MNEs support the theoretical arguments. The results highlight the relevance of studying both product and process innovations and the importance of knowing their causes to improve innovation performance. Moreover, the results provide a basis for understanding the importance of geographic location when choosing foreign suppliers.
Using a Standard‐Based Innovation Management System Approach—A Catalyst for Innovation Legitimacy?
Authors: Lerche Kristoffer , Magnusson Mats
Published: February 2025

This study explores how the use of a standard‐based Innovation Management System approach influences the legitimacy for innovation management—a management discipline often subject to innovation fads and fashions. Utilizing neo institutional theory as a lens, we explore how this approach increased legitimacy for innovation management in case studies of two large organizations, and how this in turn affected innovation activities. Theoretically, we contribute by adding construct clarity to the concept of legitimacy, in relation to management systems, and by increasing understanding of the role of legitimacy in innovation activities. Managerial implications include the potential use of an Innovation Management Systems Standard to create a common language for innovation, to systematize innovation efforts and improve the perceived seriosity of innovation management, which in turn enables more robust and continuous innovation efforts in organizations.
The Impact of Bank Regulation on Commercial Bank Performance: Evidence From South Africa
Authors: Gwatidzo Tendai
Published: February 2025

Using data on South Africa's commercial banks in the period 2005–2018, this paper investigates the impact of bank regulation on bank performance. The study uses a fixed effects model to run the regression model as well as the data envelopment analysis approach to estimate efficiency scores. We find a number of interesting results. First, we find a negative relationship between capital stringency and bank performance, suggesting that increased capital requirements force banks to increase their reserves, adversely affecting their performance. Second, we find a positive relationship between activity restrictions and bank performance, indicating that this kind of regulation, which may well be good for the public as argued by the public interest view of regulation, is also good for the regulated banks. Third, we find a negative and significant relationship between supervisory power and bank performance. Fourth, we find a positive and significant relationship between the market discipline index and bank performance, suggesting that by creating environments characterised by high market discipline, the regulatory regime enhances the ability and incentives of private investors to efficiently monitor banks. This ensures better management of banks, ultimately increasing profitability. Overall, the study finds that regulation matters for bank performance.
Short‐term effects of microbial exopolysaccharides and chicken feather hydrolysate vs. long‐term effects of plant‐derived biochar on temperate, coarse‐textured agricultural soils
Authors: Kellerová Anna , Jílková Veronika
Published: February 2025

Agricultural soils currently deal with a low amount of organic matter (OM) as the result of conventional practices. This study compares the effects of modern organic soil additives (microbial exopolysaccharides, chicken feather hydrolysate and plant‐derived biochar) on temperate, coarse‐textured agricultural soil properties. We conducted a six‐month laboratory experiment in microcosms filled with coarse‐textured soils (loamy sand or sandy loam) to determine the effects of additives (exopolysaccharides, hydrolysate or biochar) and their application rate (none, low or high; i.e., 0, 4 or 8 t dw ha−1, respectively) on microbial activity and biomass, nutrient availability and OM stabilization. All additives supported microbial activity and biomass, but the effects differed with the nutrient availability. Exopolysaccharides and hydrolysate, having a higher available nutrient content than biochar, increased microbial activity by 86% more than biochar shortly after application, but had no effect on microbial biomass after a six‐month incubation. Biochar, on the other hand, supported microbial activity only after a longer period, corresponding to an increased microbial biomass by 49% after the six‐month incubation. Neither additive showed positive effects on OM stabilization. The higher application rate of exopolysaccharides and hydrolysate, but not of biochar, showed stronger effects on the soil properties. Sandy loam soil showed stronger effects on the soil properties than loamy sand soil. Overall, the results suggest that exopolysaccharides and hydrolysate are more effective for agricultural soil improvement from the shorter‐term perspective, whereas biochar is more effective from the longer‐term perspective.
The (non‐)performance of the financial frontier: Building investment pipelines for the Sustainable Development Goals in Ghana
Authors: Yunita Abbie
Published: February 2025

Insufficient pipelines of ‘investment‐ready’ projects are widely seen as a key impediment to unlocking private capital for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Countless development interventions are now devoted to forming the market intelligence and the intermediation supposedly needed to build and market investment pipelines for the SDGs. This contribution explores one such intervention: the Pipeline Builder Ghana, a partnership between the SDG Lab at United Nations Geneva and the Swiss‐based impact finance advisor Ground‐Up Project. Informed by document analysis and participant observation of SDG finance gatherings in Geneva and online, I trace practices of mapping, prospecting and brokering in the making of a pipeline of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SME) investments in Ghana. Approaching these practices as a financial frontier—a set of techniques to raise capital for the SDGs—I show that they do not necessarily perform in generating assets for investment. Yet, I argue that it is precisely through their ‘non‐performance’ that these practices continue to proliferate in iterative ‘flickering’ forms, moving across and (re)making frontiers as sites always in need of intervention, all the while reproducing the racialised classificatory logic that inhibits finance capital to flow to these sites.
Revision of osteointegrated acetabular cup prostheses in nine dogs
Authors: Scott Peter , Parsons Kevin , Belch Alex , Barthelemy Nicolas
Published: February 2025

Objective

To describe the surgical technique and clinical outcome following revision of osteointegrated acetabular cups.

Study design

Retrospective case series.

Animals

Nine client‐owned dogs undergoing revision surgery for total hip replacement (THR) with an osteointegrated cup.

Methods

Cases were recruited retrospectively from a single referral hospital for dogs undergoing revision surgery following THR. Cups were explanted using a combination of an osteotome and air burr and new cups were implanted. Owners were contacted to determine the medium‐ to long‐term outcome.

Results

Surgery was performed at a median of 587 days (range 97–994 days) after initial surgery. Indication for revision was luxation (7), stem fracture (1), and stem loosening (1). All cups (8 BFX, BioMedtrix, 1 Helica) were successfully explanted and replaced with a BFX, BioMedtrix cup. Seven revisions required replacement with a larger cup than the primary cup size. Eight cases had minimal lameness 6 weeks postoperatively; one dog experienced repeat luxation, which resolved after open reduction and hobble placement. One dog presented with septic cup loosening 540 days postoperatively. Radiographically, all cups were stable at short‐term follow up (median 45 days, range 35–618 days). Medium‐ to long‐term functional outcome (median 621 days, range 251–1903 days) for the 6 dogs available was graded as good to excellent.

Conclusion

Cup revision of stable, osteointegrated cups can be successfully performed with the BFX BioMedtrix cup but often requires use of a larger sized implant compared to that used for the primary procedure.

Clinical significance

Revision of osteointegrated acetabular cups is a viable technique, with minimal complications encountered.
Textual evidence systematic reviews series paper 1: introduction to the revised JBI methodology and overview of recent changes
Authors: McArthur Alexa , Cooper Adam , Edwards Deborah , Klugarova Jitka , Yan Hu , Barber Brittany V. , Gregg Emily E. , Weeks Lori E. , Jordan Zoe
Published: February 2025

It is now widely recognized that an inclusive approach to evidence to inform policy and practice is necessary. Although methodologies for the synthesis of qualitative and quantitative evidence are well established, the synthesis of non-research evidence remains relatively new. In 2004, JBI developed a methodological approach to synthesize this type of evidence, advocating for the unique role of textual evidence when research to inform decision-making is limited. The JBI approach has recently been revised to reflect significant changes and advances in thinking and conceptualization of conducting textual evidence systematic reviews. The evolution of this methodology and the recent changes that have been made are articulated in this paper.
Contribution of the oldest Paleoproterozoic marine sulfate evaporites to Bushveld Complex Lower Zone mineralization
Authors: Mapiloko ‘Mabatho , Yudovskaya Marina , McCreesh Matthew , Velivetskaya Tatyana , Nex Paul , Kinnaird Judith , Montjoie Richard , Bekker Andrey
Published: February 2025

In the past two decades, multiple-sulfur isotope systematics has become increasingly used as a tool to differentiate sulfur sources with implications for exploration targeting. The involvement of crustal sulfur in triggering the Bushveld Complex (South Africa) Cu-Ni-PGE (PGE—platinum group element) mineralization of the Platreef intrusion is widely recognized; however, the extent and source of contamination are still debated. High-Mg magma of the Uitloop Lower Zone intrusion contained insufficient amounts of mantle-derived sulfur to reach the sulfide saturation required for mineralization. Sulfide saturation was reached when magma assimilated sulfur as it ascended through sedimentary strata deposited before and during the Great Oxidation Episode (GOE). Magmatic sulfides on Uitloop are 34S-enriched and either lack, or show small, mass-independent sulfur isotope fractionation, whereas sulfides from the Archean sedimentary footwall rocks exhibit the Archean-style multiple sulfur isotope covariations. We suggest that assimilation of the early Paleoproterozoic upper Duitschland Formation sulfate evaporites, corresponding to an ingrowth of a mass-dependently fractionated seawater sulfate reservoir at the early stage of the GOE, led to sulfide saturation and formation of Cu-Ni-PGE Platreef-style sulfide deposits. The GOE thus not only changed the oxidation state of the atmosphere and oceans, and the style of sediment-hosted mineral deposits, but also generated the sedimentary sulfate reservoir that since then served as a prolific sulfur source for magmatic ore deposits.
Neonatal skin antisepsis with alcohol-based compared to aqueous 2% chlorhexidine, used in moderate preterm infants or extremely preterm infants after the first week of life, is safe and may be associated with a reduced incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections
Authors: Pinilla-González Alejandro , Pérez-Fiérrez Lucía , Solaz-García Alvaro , Torrejón-Rodríguez Laura , Parra-Llorca Anna , Pérez-Oliver Teresa , Gimeno Navarro Ana , Mocholí Tomás María Dolores Lorena , Ros Navarret Rosario , Vento Maximo , Aguar Marta , Cernada Maria
Published: February 2025

Background

Skin antisepsis is one of the most important bundle measures to decrease central line-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). However, in the neonatal population, the use of alcoholic chlorhexidine is limited by the risk of skin lesions.

Objective

We hypothesised that skin antisepsis with alcohol-based 2% chlorhexidine instead of aqueous 2% chlorhexidine could reduce the incidence of CRBSI without increasing skin complications.

Design

We conducted a double cohort study comparing two periods of 3 years, first using aqueous and second using alcohol-based chlorhexidine, leaving a 1-year washout interval between them. In extremely preterm infants, aqueous chlorhexidine was used during the first week of life in both periods.

Results

A total of 1783 patients and 2493 episodes of central line catheter were analysed. There were no statistically significant differences in clinical and demographic data from infants in both periods. There was a significant reduction in the pooled incidence density of CRBSI in the second compared with the first period (4.03 vs 9.05 episodes/1000 central line days, OR 0.45 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.68)). The overall absolute risk reduction was 0.039 (95% CI 0.023 to 0.056) and the number needed to treat was 25. A similar but not significant reduction of the small number of CRBSI was observed in extremely preterm infants within the first week of life OR 0.43 (95% CI 0.134 to 1.379). No statistically significant differences in skin lesions were observed between periods, making erythema the most common injury(5.1% vs 4.2%).

Relevance

Alcohol-based 2% chlorhexidine as a skin antiseptic could reduce the incidence of CRBSI in neonates without producing an increase in skin lesions.
First validation of the novel Freiburg Neurointerventional Score purposely designed for use by emergency medical dispatchers for detecting anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion in patients with suspected stroke
Authors: Herrmann Matthias L , Schuchardt Florian F , Franck Clara , Meier Simone , Henningsen Max , Brohl Friederike S , Sonntag Christoph , Wimmesberger Nicole , Niesen Wolf-Dirk , Busch Hans-Jörg , Taschner Christian A , Farin-Glattacker Erik , Brich Jochen
Published: February 2025

Background

Detecting an anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion (aLVO) as a cause of stroke during emergency calls could optimise dispatch, particularly in rural areas. Numerous stroke severity scales assessing motor and cortical signs have been designed for direct patient contact; however, none have been purposely designed for emergency calls. This study aimed to prospectively validate the novel Freiburg Neurointerventional Score (FRENS) in patients presenting with a suspected acute stroke to detect aLVO.

Methods

Patients aged ≥18 years with suspected acute stroke brought directly to our tertiary hospital by paramedics, between May 2021 and 2022, were included in this study. We used the FRENS and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) to analyse the FRENS convergent validity. We evaluated and compared the predictive ability and test characteristics of the FRENS and five established NIHSS-based stroke severity scales for the detection of an aLVO stroke. We analysed the number of steps required for the completion of the FRENS algorithm.

Results

Among the 1042 analysed patients, the FRENS items showed high convergent validity with corresponding NIHSS items. A positive FRENS was statistically significantly correlated with an aLVO stroke. The FRENS had the highest sensitivity and negative predictive values for an aLVO stroke and the highest sensitivity value for M2 occlusions. The FRENS provided results after two and all four steps, in 71% and <3% of cases, respectively.

Conclusions

The FRENS enabled the rapid, sensitive detection of an aLVO in patients with suspected acute stroke. Designed for use in emergency calls, the FRENS requires translation and validation in a prehospital setting.
Volume contracted state, mortality and functional outcomes in patients with acute ischaemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion
Authors: Yedavalli Vivek , Salim Hamza Adel , Lakhani Dhairya A , Mei Janet , Luna Licia P , Aziz Yasmin , Vagal Vaibhav , Dmytriw Adam A , Guenego Adrien , Urrutia Victor , Marsh Elisabeth B , Sriwastwa Aakanksha , Llinas Raf , Lu Hanzhang , Xu Risheng , Wolman Dylan , Pulli Benjamin , Hillis Argye , Albers Gregory W , Wintermark Max , Nael Kambiz , Heit Jeremy J , Faizy Tobias D , Bahouth Mona N
Published: February 2025

Background

Acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) is a leading cause of mortality and disability globally, with volume contracted state (VCS), as indicated by an elevated blood urea nitrogen to creatinine (BUN/Cr) ratio, potentially influencing outcomes. This study investigates the association between VCS and clinical outcomes in patients with AIS due to large vessel occlusion (LVO).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 298 patients with LVO-AIS from two comprehensive stroke centres. Patients were divided into two groups based on BUN/Cr ratio: ≤20 (n=205) and >20 (n=93). Primary outcomes included 90-day mortality and unfavourable functional outcomes, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 3–6. Secondary outcomes included the successful reperfusion, haemorrhagic transformation and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at discharge.

Results

Patients with a BUN/Cr ratio >20 had significantly higher 90-day mortality (35% vs 13%, p<0.001) and this association remained significant after adjusting for confounding factors (OR 2.20; 95% CI 1.11 to 4.39; p=0.024). However, VCS was not significantly associated with unfavourable functional outcomes at 90 days (OR 1.28; 95% CI 0.67 to 2.51; p=0.46). Age and initial stroke severity were more strongly associated with long-term functional outcomes.

Conclusions

VCS is associated with higher odds of 90-day mortality in patients with LVO-AIS but not with unfavourable functional outcomes. These findings suggest the need for further research into the role of hydration management in improving survival in patients with AIS, potentially informing future treatment protocols.
Association between gestational weight gain and adverse pregnancy outcomes: cohort analysis from South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Sebastião Yuri V , Thiruvengadam Ramachandran , Khanam Rasheda , Mehmood Usma , Pervin Jesmin , Ayushi  , Desiraju Bapu Koundinya , Kabole Fatma , Ahmed Salahuddin , Aktar Shaki , Chowdhury Nabidul Haque , Qazi Muhammad Farrukh , Nisar Imran , Khalid Javairia , Kasaro Margaret , Vwalika Bellington , Khan Waqasuddin , Nu U Tin , Rahman Monjur , Rahman Sayedur , Shaw Gary M , Stevenson David K , Xu Huan , Bakari Bihila Abdalla , Wadhwa Nitya , Zhang Ge , Sazawal Sunil , Aghaeepour Nima , Rahman Anisur , Jehan Fyezah , Baqui Abdullah H , Stringer Jeffrey S A , Bhatnagar Shinjini
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Studies of gestational weight gain (GWG) and adverse pregnancy outcomes seldom focus on low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs), despite their high burden of morbidity and mortality. We examined GWG patterns and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a consortium of pregnancy cohorts from LMICs.

Methods

We analysed data from five observational pregnancy cohorts in Bangladesh (two cohorts), India, Pakistan and Zambia. The study population comprised 15 286 singleton pregnancies with two or more maternal antenatal weight measurements. We estimated reference values for GWG using longitudinal models and calculated weight gain for gestational age Z-scores. We then estimated the associated risks of preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age, stratified by maternal body mass index (BMI), using marginal generalised linear models and plotted non-linear trends in the associations.

Results

The median baseline maternal and gestational age were 24 years (IQR, 21–28) and 13 weeks (IQR 11–16), respectively, with 23% of participants having underweight BMI. The median GWG was 6.8 kg (4.2–9.4) and varied across cohorts from 6.1 kg (3.7–8.5; Bangladesh) to 7.0 kg (4.0–10.0; Zambia). The risk of preterm birth (13%) increased with lower GWG Z-scores among underweight (adjusted risk ratio (ARR), 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.9 for lowest Z-score group) and normal BMI participants (ARR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.2). The risk of low birth weight (25%) increased with lower GWG Z-scores in all BMI strata except obese participants (ARR, 1.7; 95% CI 1.5 to 1.9 among underweight). The risk of small for gestational age (36%) increased with lower GWG Z-scores in all BMI strata (ARR, 1.3; 95% CI 1.2 to 1.4 among underweight). In secondary analyses, alternative measures of GWG (adequacy ratio; INTERGROWTH-21st) had associations that were consistent with those from our study-specific Z-scores, except for a less clear association between preterm birth and INTERGROWTH-21stZ-score.

Conclusion

GWG was associated with preterm birth, low birth weight and small for gestational age. Early pregnancy BMI modified the association between GWG and outcomes in the study setting.
Research priorities for preterm lung health research across the lifespan: a community priority setting partnership
Authors: Hemy Naomi R , Bates Amber , Frank Belinda , McKenzie Anne , Simpson Shannon J
Published: February 2025

Background

It is essential to embed patient and public perspectives into every stage of the research journey, including setting the future research agenda. The substantial gaps in our understanding of prematurity-associated lung disease presented a timely opportunity to determine the community’s research priorities.

Objective

To conduct a priority setting partnership (PSP) to determine the top 10 research priorities for preterm lung health.

Design

We undertook a modified James Lind Alliance methodology comprising three main stages: (1) anidea generatingsurvey with open questions to ascertain the community’s most important ideas for future preterm lung health research, (2)prioritisationsurvey to distill the main themes into a shortlist of 20 and (3)consensus workshopwhere participants were tasked with ranking their final top 10. This PSP is reflective of the view of preterm-born individuals, parents of preterm children and healthcare professionals in an Australian healthcare setting.

Results

We collated 144 submissions from theidea generatingsurvey from which 27prioritisationthemes were developed. From the 150 prioritisation survey responses, the 20 themes receiving the most votes were taken to theconsensus workshop. Participants identified the following top 10: (1) lifelong impacts; (2) interventions, treatments or supports; (3) ongoing lung health follow-up; (4) diagnostic tools, resources and education for primary healthcare providers; (5) resources to inform and empower families; (6) relationship to physical health and developmental issues; (7) preventing and/or treating lung infections; (8) additional supports, resources and research for minority groups; (9) impact on mental well-being; and (10) likelihood of asthma diagnosis.

Conclusion

Priorities identified through the PSP will be invaluable in informing future research into prematurity-associated lung disease.
Dysbiotic oral microbiota-derived kynurenine, induced by chronic restraint stress, promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by enhancing CD8+T cell exhaustion
Authors: Lou Fangzhi , Yan Li , Luo Shihong , Dong Yunmei , Xu Jingyi , Kang Ning , Wang Haiyang , Liu Yiyun , Pu Juncai , Yang Bing , Cannon Richard D , Xie Peng , Ji Ping , Jin Xin
Published: February 2025

Background

Chronic restraint stress (CRS) is a tumour-promoting factor. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown.

Objective

We aimed to investigate whether CRS promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by altering the oral microbiota and related metabolites and whether kynurenine (Kyn) promotes HNSCC by modulating CD8+T cells.

Design

4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-treated mice were exposed to CRS. Germ-free mice treated with 4NQO received oral microbiota transplants from either CRS or control mouse donors. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were performed on mouse saliva, faecal and plasma samples to investigate alterations in their microbiota and metabolites. The effects of Kyn on HNSCC were studied using the 4NQO-induced HNSCC mouse model.

Results

Mice subjected to CRS demonstrated a higher incidence of HNSCC and oral microbial dysbiosis than CRS-free control mice.PseudomonasandVeillonellaspecies were enriched while certain oral bacteria, includingCorynebacteriumandStaphylococcusspecies, were depleted with CRS exposure. Furthermore, CRS-altered oral microbiota promoted HNSCC formation, caused oral and gut barrier dysfunction, and induced a host metabolome shift with increased plasma Kyn in germ-free mice exposed to 4NQO treatment. Under stress conditions, we also found that Kyn activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) nuclear translocation and deubiquitination in tumour-reactive CD8+T cells, thereby promoting HNSCC tumourigenesis.

Conclusion

CRS-induced oral microbiota dysbiosis plays a protumourigenic role in HNSCC and can influence host metabolism. Mechanistically, under stress conditions, Kyn promotes CD8+T cell exhaustion and HNSCC tumourigenesis through stabilising AhR by its deubiquitination.