bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SERAPAN KARBON DIOKSIDA TUMBUHAN ULAYAT UNTUK RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU DI KOTA PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Ludang Yetrie
Published: April 2018

Perkembangan pembangunan dan perekonomian Kota Palangka Raya semakin pesat, berdampak negatif  terhadap tutupan lahan bervegetasi,  berkurangnya ketersediaan oksigen dan meningkatnya emisi gas CO2. Upaya untuk menekan dampak negatif tersebut salah satunya adalah memperbanyak RTH dengan pemilihan jenis tumbuhan yang tepat. Pemilihan jenis tumbuhan RTH dilihat dari sisi pengetahuan ilmiah sudah banyak dilakukan, sedangkan penelitian yang memadukan pengetahuan ilmiah dan ulayat belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti keilmuan mengenai jenis tumbuhan ulayat sebagai tumbuhan RTH terkait kemampuannya dalam menyerap CO2 dari atmosfir. Penentuan jenis tumbuhan ulayat dilakukan dengan metode wawancara langsung terhadap responden Suku Dayak asli. Pengukuran serapan CO2 tumbuhan menggunakan metode sungkup berukuran 50 cm x 50 cm x 30 cm. Analisis konsentrasi CO2 menggunakan Gas Cromatography. Serapan CO2 anakan tumbuhan diukur pada periode waktu pengukuran pukul 06.00, 09.00, 12.00 dan 15.00 WIB dengan interval waktu pengambilan gas CO2 pada menit ke 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 dan 30. Pengukuran berat kering, persen dan karbon organik tumbuhan ulayat menggunakan metode gravimetri. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa jenis tumbuhan yang memiliki nilai-nilai kesakralan/ ulayat bagi masyarakat Suku Dayak Kota Palangka Raya adalah Pinang Merah (Cyrtostachys lakka Becc.), Serai (Cymbopogon citratus) dan Kenanga (Canangium  odoratum (Lamk.) Hook. dan Thorms. (Lat.)). Kemampuan serapan CO2 tumbuhan Pinang Merah sebesar 1,37 mg/m2/menit, Serai 1,35 mg/m2/menit dan Kenanga 1,22 mg/m2/menit. Tumbuhan ulayat dalam penelitian ini merupakan tumbuhan yang memiliki fungsi utama (intrinsik) dan fungsi tambahan (ekstrinsik) serta memiliki kemampuan serapan CO2  tinggi yang mampu menekan peningkatan gas CO2 di atmosfir.
Studi Optimasi IPAL Komunal Kota Malang dengan Pendekatan Model Stella
Authors: Maziya Fina Binazir
Published: April 2018

Hasil analisa  kandungan bahan organik berupa Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) dan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) pada badan air Sungai Brantas sebesar 92 mg/L dan 192 mg/L yang menandakan adanya pencemaran pada badan air disekitar IPAL Komunal. Kinerja IPAL Komunal yang belum optimal merupakan salah satu penyebab tingginya kandungan organik. Faktor tersebut dapat dioptimalkan menggunakan model Stella terhadap efluen IPAL Komunal dengan data kualitas influen serta fraksi removal unit pengolahan. Konfigurasi unit yang paling optimal diantara seluruh konfigurasi unit IPAL di Kota Malang yaitu tangki septik dan Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR) dengan media filter dan waktu tinggal 28 jam. Hasil simulasi model Stella IPAL memiliki efisiensi removal terhadap BOD dan COD 100%, serta TSS 99% dengan debit influen 0.83 liter/detik.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Kecepatan Pengadukan terhadap Karakteristik Membran Komposit Chitosan
Authors: Damayanti Alia , Wahyuni Sri
Published: April 2018

Filtrasi membran merupakan alternatif teknologi baru yang ramah lingkungan dalam mengatasi problematika limbah cair. Dalam penggunaannya, bahan baku serta proses pembuatan berperan penting dalam karakteristik dan permeabilitas membran. Chitosan (CS) adalah salah satu bahan yang paling banyak digunakan sebagai bahan membran karena memiliki kemampuan yang bagus dalam membentuk film. Namun, masih memiliki beberapa kekurangan karena rapuh dan hidroskopis, sehingga perlu dikombinasikan dengan bahan pendukung seperti Poly (vynil) Alcohol dan Poly (ethilene) Glikol. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh konsentrasi penambahan Poly (vynil) Alcohol dan kecepatan pengadukan terhadap karakteristik dan permeabilitas membran. Membran chitosan-Poly (vynil) Alcohol dibuat dengan konsentrasi Poly (vynil) Alcohol sebesar 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% dan 70% (v/v). Analisa karakteristik membran dilakukan menggunakan uji tarik. Membran komposit chitosan diujikan pada reaktor cross flow. Pengujian pada reaktor dilakukan selama 50 menit dan permeate diambil setiap 10 menit. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan didapatkan kuat tarik pada saat putus meningkat dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi Poly (vynil) Alcohol,hingga konsentrasi 40% dan dengan peningkatan konsentrasi Poly (vynil) Alcohol lebih lanjut mengakibatkan penurunan pada kuat tarik membran. Kekuatan elastisitas membran pada kecepatan pengadukan 300 rpm lebih besar dibandingkan 100 rpm. Nilai fluks tertinggi didapatkan pada variasi konsentrasi membran 30%, kecepatan pengadukan 100 rpm yaitu sebesar 40,20 L/m2.jam. Berdasarkan tekanan operasi dan nilai fluks per satuan tekanan dapat disimpulkan bahwa membran komposit yang telah dibuat termasuk dalam membran ultrafiltrasi.
Oocyte freezing: reproductive panacea or false hope of family?
Authors: Jacob Susie , Balen Adam
Published: April 2018

Advanced technology now allows young women to freeze and store oocytes with a realistic chance of future pregnancy. Vitrification has revolutionized oocyte preservation, with comparable pregnancy rates to fresh oocyte use. Traditionally used for women who were about to undergo sterilizing oncology treatment, now the opportunity has been extended for ‘social freezing’. A steady rise in all women accessing freezing continues. Despite this, there is a lack of understanding of natural fertility and the impact of age on pregnancy outcomes. The optimum time for freezing is before a woman reaches her late 30s, which unfortunately is not reflected in those accessing egg freezing. The underlying message prevails that planning for fertility is best done early, whether that be by physical completion of family size or storing oocytes before the passage of time and age prevents it.
The future of internal medicine: a new curriculum for 2019
Authors: Miller Alastair , Fleet Zoë
Published: April 2018

A new 3-year curriculum for training in internal medicine was approved by the General Medical Council in December 2017. This will replace core medical training in August 2019. It mandates specific experiences and introduces a novel assessment strategy that hopefully will lessen the perceived ‘burden of assessment’ on trainees (and trainers). It is hoped that it will improve the experience of and enthusiasm for training in internal medicine.
Investigation of the Visuals Associated with the National identity in Turkish Republic Revolution History and Kemalism Textbooks
Authors: Elban Mehmet
Published: April 2018

In this research, images related to national identity were examined in history textbooks. In the first stage, nationalism, the historical course of the Turkish national identity and related literature were examined, and some components of national identity were determined.  Various categories related to national identity have been formed from the elements obtained. The data about the categories were collected through document analysis.  In the second phase, 8 history textbooks taught in the years 1930-2014 were selected as samples. Content analysis was used in the examination of the mentioned textbooks, and quantitative method was chosen in data analysis. In this context, data obtained by document analysis were analyzed with SPSS 13 statistical program. Chi-square tests, Bonferroni corrections for chi-square tests and graphs were used in the analyzes. The significance level for all analyzes was taken as .05. In the research, it was determined that republic values and revolutions, national struggle and the images related to the founder leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk be a most used in Turkish Republic Revolution History and Kemalism textbooks concerning national identity.  In addition, it has been found that the images of national symbols such as homeland maps, flag, parliament, and capital are used too much for the national identity.
The Reflection of Neoliberal Economic Policies on Education: Privatization of Education in Turkey
Authors: Bayram Arslan
Published: April 2018

This research reflects neoliberal economic policies by demonstrating the privatization of education in Turkey. The increase in the number of students of private schools and private schools in Turkey along with the relationship between public education investments and household income of education have been explained by using the document analysis technique from qualitative research methods. As in many countries, public education in Turkey has been removed from the basic human rights and commercialized and transformed into a commodity that has been bought and sold. Neoliberal transformation aims to generate a strong and dependent structure that eliminates political and economic freedoms. The documents published by the Ministry of National Education and the Turkish Statistical Institute were obtained from the relevant institutions and the data were analysed. It has been concluded that education has undergone a rapid privatization in Turkey, while investments in public education have decreased rapidly. Also the funds required to be allocated to public schools have been transferred to private schools, and the education rights of the children of poor families have been diminished.
Consistency between Constructivist Profiles and Instructional Practices of Prospective Physics Teachers
Authors: Ates Ozlem , Unal-Coban Gul , Kaya-Sengoren Serap
Published: April 2018

This study aims to explain the extent to which prospective physics teachers’ views and practices are consistent with the constructivist framework. A case study design was employed as the research approach. The study was conducted with 11 prospective physics teachers attending a state university in Turkey. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, observation notes and lesson plans. The interview guide consisted of questions which allowed the interviewer to probe participants’ views of constructivism based on 5E learning model. Such questions as “how do you plan your teaching?” (introducing new topics, continuing the lecture, types of questions to ask, evaluating students’ understanding etc.) were included in the interview. Following the analysis of the interview data, participants’ profiles were classified into three categories: traditional, transition and constructivist under the dimensions “beginning of a lesson,” “learning process,” “learning environment” and “assessment.” Observations were carried out using an observation checklist consisting of 24 items based on 5E learning model. Another checklist developed by the researchers was used to evaluate participants’ teaching qualifications. Interview results showed that seven participants had transitional, three had constructivist and one had traditional views. However, none of the participants were observed to exhibit constructivist teaching styles. Moreover, observation and interview results were consistent only for six participants, indicating that almost half of the participants had difficulty putting their views into practice.
Fraction Multiplication and Division Word Problems Posed by Different Years of Pre-Service Elementary Mathematics Teachers
Authors: Aydogdu-Iskenderoglu Tuba
Published: April 2018

It is important for pre-service teachers to know the conceptual difficulties they have experienced regarding the concepts of multiplication and division in fractions and problem posing is a way to learn these conceptual difficulties. Problem posing is a synthetic activity that fundamentally has multiple answers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the multiplication and division of fractions problems posed by pre-service elementary mathematics teachers and to investigate how the problems posed change according to the year of study the pre-service teachers are in. The study employed developmental research methods. A total of 213 pre-service teachers enrolled in different years of the Elementary Mathematics Teaching program at a state university in Turkey took part in the study. The “Problem Posing Test” was used as the data collecting tool. In this test, there are 3 multiplication and 3 division operations. The data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. The findings suggest that, regardless of the year, pre-service teachers had more conceptual difficulties in problem posing about the division of fractions than in problem posing about the multiplication of fractions.
Feminist methodologies for the study of digital worlds
Authors: Michailidou Martha
Published: April 2018

This article discusses what may be fitting feminist methodological responses to the problems concomitant with the increasing digitization of social life. Two aspects of this digitization are identified as posing methodological problems demanding our attention. The first, a trend towards an ever-expanding digitally enabled globalization of processes of production and reproduction; the second, a trend towards ever more globalizing knowledge claims related to the rise of technologies of production, collection and analysis of Big Data. The article attempts to articulate a situated response to these challenges through the lense of feminist intersectional materialist epistemologies. It discusses the extended case study as a way of studying the complex interrelated process of production of the local through the global and collaborative action research as a means of capturing and analysing the practices of production, distribution of and engagement with Big Data.
Reproducing gender roles through virtual work: The case of senior management
Authors: Rafnsdóttir Guðbjörg Linda , Júlíusdóttir Ólöf
Published: April 2018

The demand for long and inflexible working hours in leading positions in the economy is often seen as one of the primary hindrances for women entering leadership positions. The aim of the article is to analyse how virtual work affects the reconciliation of work and family life among senior managers in Iceland. The study is based on qualitative one-on-one interviews with managers in Icelandic companies. Our findings show that the work life of women and men in leadership positions intrudes into their domestic sphere in distinct ways. Virtual work in general improves work–life balance, as it enables managers to bring work home from the office and vice versa. Women are more likely than men to experience hurriedness when they integrate housework, caregiving and paid work with the help of information and communication technologies. Men, who seem to have more power over their own time than women, establish sharper boundaries between work, caregiving and the household. They take less responsibility for daily family care and other domestic work and are better able to relax and unwind while at home. Women are left with fewer options than men for where and when to work.
Emprego do sistema de lodo ativado para tratamento de efluentes da indústria de conserva de cogumelos
Authors: Veneu Diego Macedo , Rocha Bruna Camargo , Mauad Cristiane Ribeiro , Pacheco Jonas Dos Santos , Hertel Cristiani
Published: April 2018

Neste trabalho foi avaliado o tratamento de um efluente de conserva de cogumelos através do processo de lodos ativados em sistema contínuo. Foram avaliadas as variáveis respostas DQO, turbidez e pH, além do monitoramento da concentração de SST no reator. Nos primeiros 12 dias de operação houve uma forte variação de DQO no efluente final obtendo remoções < 90%, após este período, as remoções aumentaram, atingindo remoções > 97%. Os valores obtidos de SST no reator aproximam-se mais da variante lodos ativados convencional apresentando do 6º dia ao 24º dia de operação, os valores na faixa de 2198 a 3620 mg L-1. Os percentuais de remoção de turbidez praticamente mantiveram-se na faixa de 50 a 82%. Os valores de pH inicial (entrada no reator) no início do processo de lodos ativados variaram entre os valores de 2,9 a 5,2. Já os valores de pH final, ou seja, na saída do decantador secundário mantiveram-se na faixa de 6,8 a 8,0, muito próximo da faixa recomendada de operação.
Compartimentação hidrogeológica do Sistema Aquífero Guarani na escarpa da serra geral no nordeste do RS
Authors: Matos Alex Bortolon de , Reginato Pedro Antonio Roehe , Athayde Gustavo Barbosa
Published: April 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a compartimentação do Sistema Aquífero Guarani (SAG), na Escarpa da Serra Geral no nordeste do RS. Para tanto, foram utilizadas informações de 276 poços tubulares e os traçados de lineamentos morfoestruturais em diferentes escalas, visando, com isso, promover a delimitação de compartimentos hidrogeológicos e avaliar a sua influência nas características do aquífero. Os resultados foram empregados na elaboração de um modelo hidrogeológico conceitual. Foi observado que as variações na cota do topo do SAG apresentam relações com o relevo da região. O fluxo de água subterrânea segue das regiões mais altas em direção aos limites dos compartimentos, acompanhando, em geral, o topo do SAG, com características de um aquífero livre. A capacidade específica apresentou uma grande variação entre os compartimentos, com os poços mais produtivos localizados próximo das áreas de descarga do aquífero. Com relação à hidroquímica, verificou-se pouca diferenciação entre as águas, com as variações ocorrendo principalmente por influência das características locais. Dessa forma, os resultados obtidos nesse estudo demonstram que nessa região o SAG se apresenta compartimentado, e que essa compartimentação tem influência tanto na produtividade, quanto na cota do topo do SAG e no fluxo da água subterrânea.
Avaliação da efetividade das políticas públicas voltadas para a proteção das áreas de captação de água: estudo de caso no município de São Carlos-SP
Authors: Mazzuco Giulia Guillen , Lioni Artur Braz , Trevisan Diego Peruchi , Lorandi Reinaldo , Moschini Luiz Eduardo
Published: April 2018

Os estudos referentes avaliação da efetividade das políticas públicas voltadas para a proteção das áreas de captação de água são importantes no processo de gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos. O presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar as diretrizes do plano diretor do município de São Carlos–SP direcionadas à proteção das captações de águas subterrâneas e superficiais outorgadas para o abastecimento público. Foram analisados Plano Diretor Estratégico (vigente) e o Plano Diretor de 2005 (vigente até 2016), para verificar se estes especificam diretrizes que visam à proteção dos poços e aquíferos importantes ao abastecimento público. As coordenadas geográficas dos locais de captação de água foram plotadas no software ArcGIS, no intuito de realizar sua sobreposição com os tipos de usos do solo presentes na região. Com base no Plano Diretor verificou-se que o mesmo delibera ações pontuais e não específicas no que se refere a proteção dos pontos de captações de água subterrânea e superficial. As Captações subterrâneas apresentam maiores concentrações de pontos de coleta na região centro-sul do município, especialmente em área de cana de açúcar e na área urbana. Apesar do Atlas Águas subterrâneas do Estado de São Paulo definir diretrizes específicas para a gestão e utilização dos recursos hídricos subterrâneo, não foi verificado ações de planejamento por parte do poder público de São Carlos-SP visando o monitoramento, fiscalização e proteção das captações dos recursos hídricos.
GC-MS analysis of root methanolic extract of Gynochthodes ridsdalei Razafim. and B. Bremer, an endemic, endangered species of southern Western Ghats of India
Authors: Nair Renji R , Gangaprasad A
Published: April 2018

The present investigation was carried out to determine the presence of biologically active components in the root methanolic extract of Gynochthodes ridsdalei using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Fresh root of G. ridsdalei collected from the forest areas of Ponmudi hills of Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala State, India was used for the study. The active principles with their retention time, peak area, molecular weight and molecular formula of the compounds were detected. The analysis revealed the presence of 26 components. The components were identified by comparing their retention time and peak area with that of literature available and by the interpretation of mass spectra.
Comparison between leukocyte esterase activity and histopathological examination in identifying chorioamnionitis
Authors: Novianesari Putri Healthireza , Bernolian Nuswil , Maulani Henni , Ramadanti Afifa , Theodorus
Published: April 2018

Objective

To compare the sensitivity and specificity of leukocyte esterase activity (LEA) to histopathological examination in diagnosing chorioamnionitis.

Methods

We compared the diagnostic tests performed at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia, from September 2015 to April 2016. Ninety-one pregnant women were included in the study. The LEA and histopathological examination were carried out with neonatal sepsis the main outcome. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 21.0 and MedCalc statistics.

Results

Chorioamnionitis was detected in 54 (77.1%) patients with a gestational age ≥37 weeks and in 16 (22.9%) patients with a gestational age <37 weeks. The duration of membrane rupture was significantly associated with chorioamnionitis (P = 0.001 and P = 0.011). Neonatal sepsis was also significantly associated with chorioamnionitis in both groups (P = 0.014 and P = 0.036). A LEA value with the cut-off point >0.5 was able to significantly predict chorioamnionitis with 98.6% sensitivity and 95.2% specificity, providing better accuracy in diagnosing chorioamnionitis in the preterm pregnancy group.

Conclusion

LEA had a very good predictive value for chorioamnionitis with better accuracy in diagnosing chorioamnionitis in preterm pregnancy.
Controllability of Fractional Evolution Inclusions with Noninstantaneous Impulses
Authors: Wang JinRong , Ibrahim A. G. , O’Regan D.
Published: April 2018

This paper is concerned with the controllability issue of fractional semilinear evolution inclusions with noninstantaneous impulses. Using weak sequentially closed graph operators, we establish sufficient conditions to guarantee controllability results. We do not assume that the semigroup is compact or we do not assume a compactness-type condition on the multivalued function. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate our theory.
Enemies, Lands, and Borders in Biblical Crossing Traditions
Authors: Russell Stephen C.
Published: April 2018

I examine here the literary portrayal of enemies, lands, and borders in biblical texts depicting Israel crossing its own territory, the Reed Sea, and the Jordan River (Exodus 15:1b–18, Exodus 14, and Joshua 2–10, 14–20). These texts share a number of motifs, which I enumerate. I trace continuities and divergences in how these texts conceptualize enemies, lands and borders. I observe their depictions of the structural relationships between Israel’s enemies and their land, Israel’s deity and his land, and Israel and its land. I thus reconstruct the literary practice of territoriality—how scribes asserted a particular relationship between Israel and its land—in first millennium BCE Judah. In the context of other ancient Near Eastern societies explored in this volume, I highlight one striking feature of Joshua’s presentation of Israel’s territory: it is imagined as being acquired through the contingent processes of history rather than in the mythological time of origins.
Serum Levels of Asymmetric and Symmetric Dimethylarginine in Women with Vitamin D Deficiency and History of Pregnancy Loss – A Pilot Study
Authors: Damiati Samar
Published: April 2018

Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been reported to be associated with pregnancy loss. Asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethyl-L-arginine (SDMA) are arginine analogues that have direct and indirect effects on nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and endothelial dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate ADMA and SDMA levels among women with history of pregnancy loss compared to women without history of pregnancy loss and all participants were suffering from vitamin D deficiency.

Methods: To investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and ADMA and SDMA, both groups of women were experiencing vitamin D deficiency. All women enrolled in this study had a vitamin D level below 75 nmol/L and were not pregnant. ADMA and SDMA levels were investigated in 28 women without a history of pregnancy loss and 19 women with a history of pregnancy loss.

Results: No statistically significant differences were found in ADMA and SDMA levels among the two groups. The correlation analysis showed that vitamin D deficiency was not significantly inversely correlated with ADMA and SDMA in women without a history of pregnancy loss, but was significantly correlated with SDMA in women with a history of pregnancy loss.

Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency, in women with or without a history of failed clinical pregnancies, has no effect on the circulating levels of ADMA and SDMA. Further studies are needed to investigate any possible link between these parameters.
Crystal structure of the co-crystal O-isopropyl phenylcarbamothioate – 4,4′-bipyridine (2/1), C15H17N2OS
Authors: Yeo Chien Ing , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: April 2018

C15H17N2OS, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 5.8595(3) Å, b = 9.2967(4) Å, c = 14.0545(8) Å, α = 83.320(4), β = 89.240(4), γ = 74.524(4), V = 732.71(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0458, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1231, T = 100 K.
Propuesta de comunicación intergeneracional entre tercera edad y jóvenes en la sociedad del conocimiento / Proposal for intergenerational communication between third age and young people in the knowledge society
Authors: Peña Acuña Beatriz , Pezzoli Silvia
Published: April 2018

La tercera edad como cuestión social está cobrando un mayor interés debido a los cálculos demográficos que predicen que dentro de algunas décadas estos ciudadanos sean el mayor segmento de la población. Un hecho que ha provocado y está provocando debate social por las importantes consecuencias que implica para el presente y el futuro de esta y futuras generaciones. Debate azuzado por su profunda imbricación con otro tema candente a nivel mundial, como es el de la inmigración, que supone la solución a priori más rápida pero que se encuentra de frente con todavía otro problema importante de la sociedad: la ausencia de trabajo para esas generaciones jóvenes que necesitamos para sostener el sistema de pensiones. Pretendemos revisar el tema de la tercera edad, buscar fundamentación teórica, descubrir dónde aparece la discusión y los distintos puntos de vista y acciones para, más tarde, realizar una propuesta creativa que refleje las necesidades reales de este segmento y del sistema social en conjunto. La metodología con la que se ha procedido en esta disertación ha consistido en una revisión analítica y cualitativa de documentos pertenecientes a autores y proyectos para divisar el status quo de la cuestión. La aproximación de la cuestión es multidisciplinar desde la Educación, la Comunicación y la Sociología.
Imagen de las marcas blancas en el sector alimentario según la perspectiva del consumidor español / Image of the white brands in the food sector according to the perspective of the Spanish consumer
Authors: Matellanes Lazo Mónica , Villota Mancebo Alba , Fernández Merino Raquel
Published: April 2018

El valor de las marcas blancas en el sector alimentario ha variado mucho en los últimos años. El mix del marketing está facilitando a las distribuidoras que las marcas blancas puedan competir al mismo nivel que las del fabricante. En la actualidad, muchos consumidores opinan que las marcas blancas ofrecen productos de calidad a un precio muy competitivo, aspecto importante visto estratégicamente. Ello permite al mercado suministrar a un perfil de cliente que queda excluido del público objetivo dispuesto a pagar el plus de marca, ofreciéndole lo que quiere: más producto por el mismo dinero que, debido a la compartimentalización comercial, termina resultando en ingresos iguales o superiores y en cifras de negocio ascendentes. También permite a las marcas, a través de sus propias “marcas blancas” dar salida a sus excedentes a cambio de líquido sin dejar de atender a sus clientes. Unos excedentes que, de otra forma, quedarían reducidos a ítems improductivos dentro del balance de las empresas.Esta investigación pretende analizar la percepción de estas marcas con una muestra local en España y conocer la valoración de los consumidores; al igual que saber qué distribuidora goza de mayor notoriedad a través de sus marcas blancas.
Los estudios culturales como caja de herramientas para indagar los procesos de comunicación en la restauración conservadora en América Latina / Cultural studies as a tool box for indicating communication processes in the conservative restoration in Latin
Authors: Bernardo Nicolás , Colombo Nicolás
Published: April 2018

En este trabajo nos proponemos repasar la institucionalización del campo de estudios de comunicación en América Latina en las últimas dos décadas del Siglo XX, poniendo el foco en los estudios culturales, su centralidad en aquel momento y su desarrollo posterior. Varios factores hacen este estudio relevante para una serie de materias, desde la propia comunicación hasta la historia de américa: la influencia de Estados Unidos enfrentada a la –en tiempos- también poderosa influencia europea traída en muchos casos por los inmigrantes, o por empresarios y diplomáticos de cualquiera que fuera la potencia europea dominante en un momento dado. El objetivo es ensayar algunas preguntas respecto del estatuto de los estudios culturales en un contexto de restitución neoliberal conservadora. Aportando perspectiva histórica y raigambre a los presentes argumentos sobre la materia, y al debate que esta puede suscitar a nivel profesional y académico en universidades, centros de trabajo y entornos sociales diversos. De forma que este desemboque inequívocamente en conclusiones útiles a su estudio y aplicación, tanto desde la perspectiva técnica como social y humana, y garantizando que estas serán coherentes con los factores definitorios de la identidad tanto de la región geopolítica como del debate mismo.
Branded content y entertainment: un impulso para las organizaciones / Branded content and entertainment: a challenge for organizations
Authors: Sánchez Cobarro Paloma Del Henar
Published: April 2018

En los últimos años se aprecia que las organizaciones comienzan a comunicar de un modo más global, su comunicación externa avanza un paso más y refleja valores internos de las marcas, no siempre tan reconocidos por sus públicos. Observamos que las empresas buscan e incluso provocan, su aparición en los medios de comunicación, a través de acciones que generen un impacto social, de este modo desarrollan y aplican, desde los departamentos de comunicación, estrategias puramente publicitarias. El branded content surge con un gran impulso como un modelo de comunicación innovador que ofrece nuevas vías de comercialización. Esta investigación analiza las acciones de branded content que desde el año 2012 hasta la actualidad ha premiado el Festival Internacional de Creatividad de Cannes, siendo el evento más reconocido en comunicación publicitaria. Fue en 2012 cuando el festival incluyó el branded content como una categoría independiente. A través del análisis de las acciones premiadas, se ha podido observar la evolución que está experimentando este fenómeno, obteniendo mediante este estudio, resultados cualitativos que muestran qué categorías contemplan, y a través de un análisis de contenido, cómo se han ido adaptando a nuevos formatos y cómo ello ha provocado un cambio progresivo en las denominaciones de las categorías.
El diseño curricular, una herramienta para el logro educativo / Curriculum design, a tool for educational achievement
Authors: Freire Quintana José Luís , Páez Quinde María Cristina , Núñez Espinoza Marcelo , Narváez Ríos Margarita , Infante Paredes Ruth
Published: April 2018

La finalidad de redactar este artículo es evidenciar la incidencia que tiene la elaboración de un correcto diseño curricular como herramienta estructural en el proceso de enseñanza educativa. La importancia del manejo y aplicación de procesos educativos entendidos como metodologías, estrategias y técnicas de enseñanza forman parte inicial del presente trabajo; además se pone de manifiesto la necesidad del mejoramiento de la calidad educativa en los sistemas institucionales, a través de la práctica docente con recursos actualizados y acorde al manejo y cumplimiento de objetivos y contenidos programáticos en el aula de clase. Se recalcan posteriormente los diferentes modelos educativos de los cuales se va estructurando un sistema educativo que en su esencia debe procurar la aplicación de procesos de enseñanza como estrategias metodológicas, aplicación de recursos con un enfoque de desarrollo crítico y propositivo y con el uso de herramientas tecnológicas que faciliten dicho proceso educativo. El papel que tiene actualmente el docente y el rol que cumple el estudiante forman parte fundamental de la investigación realizada, con lo cual se señala la actualización y reforma educativa que se viene implementando como política mundial para el adelanto y desarrollo de la educación.
Conceptos para entender la innovación organizacional / Concepts to understand organizational innovation
Authors: Navarro Alvarado Alberto , Cota-Yañez Rosario , González Moreno Cynthia Dinorah
Published: April 2018

El presente documento expone cuatro aspectos sustanciales que deben ser considerados en el estudio de la estructura orgánica en las empresas modernas, siendo éstos, la organización, su funcionalidad, la innovación y la competitividad. Es decir: su organización bajo criterios de eficacia reales que no primen cuadros ejecutivos improductivos sobre cuadros medios necesarios para que la empresa desarrolle actividad efectiva y un modelo de expansión viable, no solo sobre el papel sino también en la práctica. Una organización destinada al beneficio global de la empresa y de los socios de esta, con capacidad de reacción y de planificación a largo plazo con el fin de presentar resultados verdaderamente sólidos y resultar en un pilar económico sólido y fiable capaz de generar beneficios durante periodos prolongados de tiempo. Se presenta el tema desde un enfoque dinámico de tales elementos, integrándolos a un constructo teórico que permita establecer sobre bases sólidas una teoría de la estructura organizacional como agente promotor de la empresa, a partir de la innovación y la competitividad. Justo en este apartado, surge un debate muy interesante sobre la causa y efecto de la interacción entre competencia e innovación, inscribiendo este componente teórico como una de las contribuciones más relevantes de esta investigación sobre un campo de estudio que se basa en una serie de supuestos complementarios, variables exógenas y relatividades circunstanciales para explicar un solo fenómeno: la organización.
Spatial restriction of light adaptation and mutation-induced inactivation in fly photoreceptors
Authors: Minke B , Payne R
Published: April 2018

The spatial spread within fly photoreceptors of 2 forms of desensitization by bright light have been investigated: the natural process of light adaptation in normal Musca photoreceptors and a receptor-potential inactivation in the no-steady-state (nss) mutant of the sheep blowfly Lucilia. The suction-electrode method used for recording from vertebrate rods was applied to fly ommatidia. A single ommatidium in vitro was partially sucked into a recording pipette. Illumination of the portion of the ommatidium within the pipette resulted in a flow of current having a wave form similar to that of the receptor potential and polarity consistent with current flow into the illuminated region of the photoreceptors. Two 5-microns slits of light, positioned at right angles to the ommatidial axis, were employed to determine the spread of light adaptation or inactivation along the ommatidium. The intensity of a flash of light delivered to one (adapting) slit was adjusted until it produced a criterion fractional reduction in the response to the other (test) slit. The reciprocal of this intensity of the adapting slit was taken as a measure of the effectiveness of the slit in causing light adaptation or inactivation. The effectiveness of the slit in causing light adaptation in normal Musca ommatidia fell as the adapting and test slits were moved farther apart along the ommatidial axis, declining to half its maximal value at a distance of 13 +/- 2 microns. Similar measurements of the effectiveness of a slit in causing light-induced inactivation in the nss mutant of Lucilia also demonstrated localization, declining to half its maximal value at a distance between the slits of 9 +/- 1 microns. Neither light adaptation nor inactivation by the nss mutation, therefore, appear to be mediated by voltage or by a highly diffusible agent. The results are consistent with the idea that inactivation by the nss mutation replaces adaptation in the mutant photoreceptors.
Dendritic arbors of large-field ganglion cells show scaled growth during expansion of the goldfish retina: a study of morphometric and electrotonic properties
Authors: Bloomfield SA , Hitchcock PF
Published: April 2018

The retina of the goldfish grows by a balloon-like expansion and by the addition of new neurons at the margin. It has been proposed that as a consequence of this expansion the dendritic arbors of ganglion cells in central retina grow in a uniform manner without the addition of new branches. In the present study, we have examined this proposal by comparing the geometries of individual dendritic arbors of large-field ganglion cells from the retinas of small/young and large/old fish. These comparisons were based on measurements of several parameters of dendritic morphology, including number of segments and branches, branch angles, changes in diameter at branch points, and proximal versus distal distribution of arbor length. In addition, we used passive, steady-state cable modeling as an independent method of estimating the functional architectures of small and large dendritic arbors. Our morphometric data indicate that, though they are very different in absolute size, dendritic arbors of small and large ganglion cells have remarkably similar architectures. Analysis with steady-state cable equations indicates that the arbors from small and large cells have equivalent electrotonic lengths and show comparable propagation of synaptic currents. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that dendritic arbors of small and large ganglion cells are scaled versions of one another. We conclude that the growth of these cells during the expansion of the retina is the result of the addition of dendritic mass to an arbor whose basic geometry remains unchanged.
Sex differences in the corpus callosum of the living human being
Authors: Allen LS , Richey MF , Chai YM , Gorski RA
Published: April 2018

The sexual dimorphism of the corpus callosum has remained controversial since the original report by de Lacoste-Utamsing and Holloway in 1982, for several reasons: (1) measurements have been performed in a variety of ways in different laboratories, in part because published reports frequently do not describe the methodology in detail; (2) despite known age-related changes during both childhood and adulthood, no investigators have explicitly age-matched subjects; and (3) the size and shape of corpora callosa vary considerably among individuals, requiring large sample sizes to demonstrate significant sex differences. Therefore, we have examined magnetic resonance images for 24 age-matched children and 122 age-matched adults for possible sex differences in the corpus callosum. While we observed a dramatic sex difference in the shape of the corpus callosum, there was no conclusive evidence of sexual dimorphism in the area of the corpus callosum or its subdivisions. Utilizing several criteria, there were significant sex differences in shape: subjective evaluation indicated that the posterior region of the corpus callosum, the splenium, was more bulbous shaped in females as a group and in women, and more tubular-shaped in males as a group and in men; mathematical evaluation confirmed this observation in that the maximum width of the splenium was significantly greater in women than in men, and that the percentage by which the average width of the splenium was greater than that of the adjacent corpus callosum was significantly greater in females than in males. However, sex differences in bulbosity did not reach significance in children (aged 2–16 yr). In contrast, among the area measurements of the corpus callosum and 22 subdivisions, only 1 exhibited a significant sex difference, which would be expected by chance. The area of the corpora callosa increased significantly with age in children and decreased significantly with age in adults. In adults, the midsagittal surface area of the cerebral cortex decreased significantly with age in women but not in men. These anatomical sex differences could, in part, underlie gender-related differences in behavior and neuropsychological function.
The effects of parvocellular lateral geniculate lesions on the acuity and contrast sensitivity of macaque monkeys
Authors: Merigan WH , Katz LM , Maunsell JH
Published: April 2018

The effects of ablating the visual pathway that passes through the parvocellular (dorsal) LGN were tested in 2 macaque monkeys by measuring acuity and both luminance and chromatic contrast sensitivity. Thresholds were tested monocularly before and after ibotenic acid was used to lesion parvocellular layers 4 and 6 of the contralateral geniculate. The injections were centered at the representation of 6 degrees in the temporal field on the horizontal meridian, and vision was tested with localized stimuli at this location. In addition, in one of the monkeys, a lesion was made in magnocellular layer 1 of the opposite geniculate, and the same thresholds were tested. Physiological and anatomical reconstructions demonstrated complete destruction of the target layers in 1 parvocellular lesions and in the magnocellular lesion, and sparing of the nontarget layers in the tested region. Parvocellular lesions caused a 3–4-fold reduction in visual acuity within the affected part of the visual field, while the magnocellular lesion did not affect acuity. Both luminance and chromatic contrast sensitivity, tested with stationary gratings of 2 c/degree, were severely reduced by parvocellular lesions, but not affected by the magnocellular lesion. However, when luminance contrast sensitivity was tested with 1 c/degree gratings, counterphase modulated at 10 Hz, it was reduced by both parvocellular and magnocellular lesions. This study demonstrates that the parvocellular pathway dominates chromatic vision, acuity, and contrast detection at low temporal and high spatial frequencies, while the magnocellular pathway may mediate contrast detection at higher temporal and lower spatial frequencies.
Tensile regulation of axonal elongation and initiation
Authors: Zheng J , Lamoureux P , Santiago V , Dennerll T , Buxbaum RE , Heidemann SR
Published: April 2018

Neurites of chick sensory neurons in culture were attached by their growth cones to glass needles of known compliance and were subjected to increasing tensions as steps of constant force; each step lasted 30–60 min and was 25–50 mu dyn greater than the previous step. After correcting for elastic stretching, neurite elongation rate increased in proportion to tension magnitude greater than a tension threshold. The value of the tension threshold required for growth varied between 25 and 560 mu dyn, with most between 50 and 150 mu dyn. The growth sensitivity of neurites to tension was surprisingly high: an increase in tension of 1 mu dyn increased the elongation rate an average of about 1.5 microns/hr. The linear relationship between growth rate and tension provides a simple control mechanism for axons to accommodate tissue expansion in growing animals that consistently maintains a moderate rest tension on axons. Styrene microspheres treated with polyethyleneimine were used to label the surface of neurites in order to determine the site and pattern of surface addition during the experimental “towed growth” regime. New membrane is added interstitially throughout the neurite, but different regions of neurite vary widely in the amount of new membrane added. This contrasts with membrane addition specifically at the distal end in growth-cone- mediated growth. The different sites for membrane addition in growth mediated by towing and by the growth cone indicate that the membrane addition process is sensitive to the mode of growth. We confirmed the finding of Bray (1984) that neurites can be initiated de novo by application of tension to the cell margin of chick sensory neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Inhibition by bradykinin of voltage-activated barium current in a rat dorsal root ganglion cell line: role of protein kinase C
Authors: Boland LM , Allen AC , Dingledine R
Published: April 2018

The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record Ba2+ currents through voltage-activated calcium channels in the clonal dorsal root ganglion cell line F11-B9. The pain-producing peptide bradykinin (BK; 100 nM) reduced the sustained Ba2+ current in F11-B9 cells by 30%. In cultures prelabeled with 3H-arachidonic acid and tested under ionic conditions similar to those used for recording Ba2+ currents, BK also induced a concentration-dependent, transient, 2.7-fold accumulation of 3H-diacylglycerol. Both the elevation of 3H-diacylglycerol and the inhibition of Ba2+ current began within 5 sec following BK exposure, and the effective concentration range of BK was similar for the 2 responses. In whole-cell recordings, extracellularly applied 1-oleoyl-2- acetylglycerol (OAG; 0.5–5 microM) mimicked the degree of block and occluded the block of sustained current by BK. Another protein kinase C (PKC) activator, 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol (diC8), blocked 70–100% of sustained current when applied intracellularly or extracellularly at 5 microM, whereas extracellular application of ethylene glycol dioctanoate (5 microM), an analog reported not to stimulate PKC, inhibited only 14% of sustained current. The pseudosubstrate peptide PKC19–36 (2 microM in pipette) and the lipid staurosporine (100 nM in pipette), both inhibitors of PKC, reduced the effects of maximal concentrations of OAG or BK by 55–60%. Dynorphin A applied intracellularly (2 microM) as a control for nonspecific effects of PKC19–36 did not inhibit the block of sustained current by BK. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that BK inhibits whole-cell sustained Ba2+ current in F11-B9 cells via a mechanism that involves activation of PKC.