bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Palladium Complexes with the SC6F4H‐4 Ligand – Synthesis, Spectroscopy, and Structures
Authors: Lingen Verena , Lüning Anna , Strauß Christian , Pantenburg Ingo , Deacon Glen B. , Klein Axel , Meyer Gerd
Published: July 2013

The reaction of HSC6F4H‐4 or KSC6F4H‐4 with the palladium(II) complexes [(NN)PdCl2] [NN = 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) or 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen)] leads to the mononuclear palladium complexes [(NN)Pd(SC6F4H‐4)2] or [(NN)PdCl(SC6F4H‐4)], whereas the reaction with [(COD)PdCl2] (COD = 1,5‐cyclooctadiene) results in the loss of COD and the formation of the oligonuclear species [Pd(SC6F4H‐4)2]m. For NN = phen, the compound [(phen)2K(μ‐phen)2K(phen)2][(4‐HC6F4S)2Pd(μ‐SC6F4H‐4)2Pd(SC6F4H‐4)2] containing a homoleptic dimeric dianionic Pd complex was also obtained. The reaction of KSC6F4H‐4 with PdCl2 yielded K2[Pd(SC6F4H‐4)4]. The new compounds were analysed and characterised by single‐crystal XRD, 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy. The UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy and electrochemistry of [(bpy)Pd(SC6F4H‐4)2] have been investigated and are compared to those of the related Pt derivative [(bpy)Pt(SC6F5)2].
Phosphane‐Free Hiyama Cross‐Coupling of Aryl and Heteroaryl Halides Catalyzed by Palladium Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Premi Chanchal , Jain Nidhi
Published: July 2013

Palladium nanoparticles (NPs) 2–5 nm in size and preformed by thermal reduction in nitrile‐functionalized 3‐(3‐cyanopropyl)‐1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium hexafluorophosphate {[CN‐bmim]PF6} act as an in situ catalyst for carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions of aromatic and heterocyclic halides with aryl‐ and vinyltrimethoxysilanes. A variety of biphenyl derivatives, substituted styrenes, and aromatic heterocycles were obtained in 76 to 98 % yield. We demonstrate for the first time the use of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium fluoride as an activator of the organosilanes with easy handling, storage, and workup in comparison to conventional fluorine sources such as tetrabutylammonium fluoride, which is indispensable for Hiyama coupling. Pd NPs immobilized in [CN‐bmim]PF6 gave high yields of the cross‐coupled products at a low catalyst loading of only 4 mol‐%, and the catalyst could be reused and recycled up to four times with only a slight loss in catalytic activity.
Sulfoxonium and Sulfonium Ylides as Diazocarbonyl Equivalents in Metal‐Catalyzed Insertion Reactions
Authors: Burtoloso Antonio C. B. , Dias Rafael M. P. , Leonarczyk Ives A.
Published: July 2013

Since the pioneering contribution of Corey and Chaykovsky in 1965, sulfoxonium and sulfonium ylides have proven to be versatile intermediates in organic synthesis. One of their important applications, though not yet throughly investigated, is their substitution of diazocarbonyl compounds as safer carbene precursors. This microreview provides an overview and recent applications of sulfoxonium and sulfonium ylides in inter‐ and intramolecular metal‐catalyzed insertion reactions. It also plans to illustrate the promising synthetic utility of these stable carbene precursors in industry, mitigating potential safety problems generally encountered when the equivalent diazo compounds are employed. Moreover, it aims to inspire new contributions to this exciting growing area, especially in catalytic asymmetric reactions.
Study of the Chemoselectivity of Grignard Reagent Addition to Substrates Containing Both Nitrile and Weinreb Amide Functionalities
Authors: Harikrishna Kommidi , Rakshit Ananya , Aidhen Indrapal Singh
Published: July 2013

Several substrates containing both cyano and Weinreb amide functionalities have been synthesized to study the chemoselectivity of their reactions with organomagnesium bromides (ArMgBr and RMgBr). Excellent chemoselectivity towards the Weinreb amide was observed in most cases, even in the presence of excess Grignard reagent, affording cyano ketones in good‐to‐excellent yields.
Hexameric Capsule of a Resorcinarene Bearing Fluorous Feet as a Self‐Assembled Nanoreactor: A Diels–Alder Reaction in a Fluorous Biphasic System
Authors: Shimizu Shoichi , Usui Asuka , Sugai Masae , Suematsu Yuki , Shirakawa Seiji , Ichikawa Hayato
Published: July 2013

A Diels–Alder reaction in a fluorous biphasic system was accelerated by a hexameric capsule of resorcinarene bearing fluorous feet. The reaction takes place predominantly within the capsule, which can be recovered as a fluorous solution and recycled after simple decantation.
Capillary electrophoresis for analysis of deletion and duplication in exon 44–55 of Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene
Authors: Chen Chung‐An , Chang Ming‐Yuh , Chang Tung‐Ming , Jong Yuh‐Jyh , Wu Shou‐Mei
Published: July 2013

In this study, a genotyping CGE method was established for analysis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene deletions and duplications in exon 44–55. A total of 12 DMD exons (exon 44–55) and 2 internal standard gene fragments were simultaneously amplified by using a universal multiplex PCR (UMPCR) and determined by CGE. The conditions of UMPCR and CGE were optimized, including the kinds of polymerase, temperatures in UMPCR, separation matrix, separation temperature, and voltage. Finally, the separation was performed by 1.2% poly(ethylene oxide) in 1× TBE buffer at −6 kV and 25°C. After validation, our results showed the peak patterns for differentiation of genetic deletion or duplication in 27 DMD patients and normal subjects, according to the peak height ratios by comparison of two internal standard peaks. Among the 27 subjects, 23 cases are deletion type and four are duplication type. The data of two patients analyzed by this CGE‐PCR method were different from that of multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification method, and the sequencing results demonstrated that our results were correct. This UMPCR‐CGE method was considered better than the multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification method. Furthermore, this method can be used for eugenics in clinical applications.
Initial phases of microbial biofilm formation on opaque, innovative anti‐adhesive surfaces using a modular microfluidic system
Authors: Wagner Katrin , Friedrich Sandra , Stang Carolin , Bley Thomas , Schilling Niels , Bieda Matthias , Lasagni Andrés , Boschke Elke
Published: July 2013

Biofilms can cause numerous problems, hence it is important to understand their formation on surfaces in order to develop resistant materials and avoidance strategies. Therefore, information is required regarding adhesion processes on surfaces generally and innovative anti‐adhesive coatings in particular. Our flow cell system allows biofilms to be monitored in continuous flow conditions, without removing material for postflow imaging. The shown laminar flow ensures the maintenance of highly controlled conditions for biofilm growth. However, carried simulations of the oxygen demands of Escherichia coli cultivated as biofilms under the chosen regime indicate that conditions may become anaerobic, at least at the outlet of the flow cell, after a certain period of time. We report data on the biofouling tendencies on coatings generated with the help of direct laser interference patterning on stainless steel surfaces. Data were estimated from images acquired by fluorescence microscopy. Differences between patterned and unpatterned surfaces were not found, which is in accordance with the attachment point theory. Nevertheless, it is particularly important to elucidate in future studies the behavior of microorganisms during their attachment and the effects of variables of potentially sensitive surfaces (such as hydrophobicity, nanotopography, and charge) on their adhesion.
Characterization of nanocapsules containing Elaeagnus angustifolia L. extract prepared using an emulsion–diffusion process
Authors: Esmaeili Akbar , Niknam Sedigheh
Published: July 2013

Nanocapsules loaded with bioactive compounds derived from medicinal plants have numerous possibilities in the development of biochemical delivery systems. Elaeagnus angustifolia L., commonly known as Russian olive, is used in traditional medicinal in the Middle East as an analgesic for arthritis and joint pain. Because E. angustifolia contains vitamin A, vitamin B, abundant calcium, and vitamin K, an effective coagulant, it has been considered as potentially beneficial in wound healing and scar formation, as well as in the treatment or prevention of osteoporosis. Nanocapsules containing an E. angustifolia‐filled core can be fabricated employing polymerization. In this process, nanocapsules are prepared using poly ethylene glycol–poly butylene adipate–poly ethylene glycol (PEG‐PBA‐PEG) as a shell surrounding a core of E. angustifolia and olive oil. In this study, the relative proportions of polymer and oil, concentrations of polymer and bioactive compound, and presence or absence of various surfactants in different concentrations were investigated in relation to the particle size of the final product. A comparison of samples obtained using the surfactants Tween 80, Tween 60, poly vinyl alcohol (PVA), mixed Tween 80 and PVA, and mixed Tween 80 and Tween 60 showed Tween 80 to result in the smallest particle size. An oil‐to‐polymer ratio of 1:0.25 resulted in the smallest nanoparticle size. Smaller nanoparticles sizes were obtained using lower concentrations of polymer and higher concentrations of the bioactive compound. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, particle size analysis, and scanning electron microscopy were used to identify and characterize the nanocapsules. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First calculation of phase and coherence of longitudinally separated L‐band equatorial ionospheric scintillation
Authors: Shume E. B. , Mannucci A. J.
Published: July 2013

We present the first calculation of phase and coherence of cross‐wavelet transform applied to longitudinally separated L‐band equatorial ionospheric scintillation observations received from Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites. The phase and coherence analysis were employed on two pairs of observations: (1) São Luís and Rio Branco and (2) Alta Floresta and Huancayo. For these case studies, in statistically significant and high‐coherence regions, scintillation observations over São Luís (Alta Floresta) lead that of Rio Branco (Huancayo) by ∼2 to 3 h with a 95%frequency. If L‐band scintillation happens over São Luís (Alta Floresta), there is a 95%likelihood that scintillation would happen to the west over Rio Branco (Huancayo) after ∼2 to 3 h, suggesting that a forecast can be made ahead of scintillation occurrences. The phase and coherence relationships between the longitudinally separated scintillation‐producing regions can be connected to the large‐scale wave structures which are reported to be related to the generation of equatorial spread F and scintillation.
Networks involved in olfaction and their dynamics using independent component analysis and unified structural equation modeling
Authors: Karunanayaka Prasanna , Eslinger Paul J. , Wang Jian‐Li , Weitekamp Christopher W. , Molitoris Sarah , Gates Kathleen M. , Molenaar Peter C.M. , Yang Qing X.
Published: July 2013

The study of human olfaction is complicated by the myriad of processing demands in conscious perceptual and emotional experiences of odors. Combining functional magnetic resonance imaging with convergent multivariate network analyses, we examined the spatiotemporal behavior of olfactory‐generated blood‐oxygenated‐level‐dependent signal in healthy adults. The experimental functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm was found to offset the limitations of olfactory habituation effects and permitted the identification of five functional networks. Analysis delineated separable neuronal circuits that were spatially centered in the primary olfactory cortex, striatum, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, rostral prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate, and parietal‐occipital junction. We hypothesize that these functional networks subserve primary perceptual, affective/motivational, and higher order olfactory‐related cognitive processes. Results provided direct evidence for the existence of parallel networks with top‐down modulation for olfactory processing and clearly distinguished brain activations that were sniffing‐related versus odor‐related. A comprehensive neurocognitive model for olfaction is presented that may be applied to broader translational studies of olfactory function, aging, and neurological disease. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2055–2072, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of low‐dose mirtazapine on driving performance in healthy volunteers
Authors: Iwamoto Kunihiro , Kawano Naoko , Sasada Kazumi , Kohmura Kunihiro , Yamamoto Maeri , Ebe Kazutoshi , Noda Yukihiro , Ozaki Norio
Published: July 2013

Objective

This study aimed to assess whether a lower initial dose of mirtazapine can lessen the harmful effect on driving performance or not in a double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled crossover trial.

Methods

Thirteen healthy men received 8 days of continuous nocturnal doses of mirtazapine at 7.5 mg or 15 mg, or placebo. At baseline and on days 2 and 9, subjects performed three driving tasks (road‐tracking, car‐following, and harsh‐braking tasks) using a driving simulator and a Continuous Performance Test. Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) scores were also assessed. In the mirtazapine 7.5 mg series, 15 mg of mirtazapine was additionally administered on day 9, followed by all the same assessments on day 10.

Results

Mirtazapine 7.5 mg had no significant effects on any tasks except for SSS compared with placebo. Mirtazapine 15 mg impaired road‐tracking task and SSS. The increase in mirtazapine dose also had no significant effects on any tasks compared with those before dose increase.

Conclusions

Mirtazapine 7.5 mg did not cause driving impairment compared with mirtazapine 15 mg, while both doses of mirtazapine produced subjective somnolence. The increase in mirtazapine had no detrimental effects on psychomotor performance. Initial low‐dose mirtazapine may be safer for automobile driving than the normal starting dose. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hysterectomy and kidney cancer risk: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Karami Sara , Daugherty Sarah E. , Purdue Mark P.
Published: July 2013

Recent cohort findings suggest that women who underwent a hysterectomy have an elevated relative risk of kidney cancer, although evidence from past studies has been inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published cohort and case–control studies to summarize the epidemiologic evidence investigating hysterectomy and kidney cancer. Studies published from 1950 through 2012 were identified through a search of PubMed and of references from relevant publications. Meta‐analyses were conducted using random‐effects models to estimate summary relative risks (SRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hysterectomy, age at hysterectomy (<45, 45+ years) and time since hysterectomy (<10, 10+ years). The SRR for hysterectomy and kidney cancer for all published studies (seven cohort, six case–control) was 1.29 (95% CI, 1.16–1.43), with no evidence of between‐study heterogeneity or publication bias. The summary effect was slightly weaker, although still significant, for cohorts (SRR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.11–1.42) compared with case–control findings (1.37; 95% CI, 1.09–1.73) and was observed irrespective of age at hysterectomy, time since the procedure and model adjustment for body mass index, smoking status and hypertension. Women undergoing a hysterectomy have an approximate 30% increased relative risk of subsequent kidney cancer. Additional research is needed to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying this association.
Fecal immunochemical test accuracy in familial risk colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Castro Inés , Cubiella Joaquín , Rivera Concepción , González‐Mao Carmen , Vega Pablo , Soto Santiago , Hernandez Vicent , Iglesias Felipe , Teresa Alves María , Bujanda Luis , Fernández‐Seara Javier
Published: July 2013

There is little information on fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in familial risk colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Our study assesses FIT accuracy, number needed to scope (NNS) and cost to detect a CRC and an advanced neoplasia (AN) in this setting. We performed a multicentric, prospective, double‐blind study of diagnostic tests on individuals with first‐degree relatives (FDRs) with CRC submitted to screening colonoscopy. Two stool samples were collected and fecal hemoglobin in the first sample (FIT1) and the highest in both samples (FITmax) were determined. Areas under the curve (AUC) for CRC and AN as well as the best FIT1 and FITmax cutoff value for CRC were determined. At this threshold, NNS and the cost per lesion detected were calculated. A total of 595 individuals were included (one FDR > 60 years, 413; two FDR or one ≤ 60 years, 182). AN and CRC were found in 64 (10.8%) and six (1%) patients, respectively. For CRC diagnosis, FIT1 AUC was 0.96 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95–0.98] and FITmax AUC was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93–0.97). For AN diagnosis, FIT1 and FITmax AUC were 0.74 (95% CI: 0.66–0.82). The best cutoff point for CRC was 115. At this threshold, the NNS to detect a CRC was 5.67 and 7.67, and the cost per CRC was 1,064€ and 1591.33€ on FIT1 and FITmax strategies, respectively. FIT shows high accuracy to detect CRC in familial CRC screening. Performing two tests does not improve diagnostic accuracy, but increases cost and NNS to detect a lesion.
3.2: The Application of Flexible Liquid‐Crystal Display in High Resolution Switchable Autostereoscopic 3D Display
Authors: Lin Shiuan‐Iou , Chiu Pin‐Hsiang , Chen Li‐Yin , Li Wen‐Yuan , Lin Yi‐Ying , Huang Tai‐Hsiang , Lu Jen‐kuei , Norio Sugiura
Published: July 2013

The optimal viewing distance (OVD) of high resolution autostereoscopic 3D mobile display is obtained by using flexible liquid crystal display, which is thin and light‐weight. In this article, two types of 3D‐display are proposed by 10.1 inch plastic switching cell and 4.3 inch plastic parallax barrier, respectively.
4.4L: Late‐News Paper: Modeling Current‐Voltage Behaviour in Oxide TFTs Combining Trap‐limited Conduction with Percolation
Authors: Lee Sungsik , Yang Yifan , Nathan Arokia
Published: July 2013

Current‐voltage behaviour of oxide TFTs is modeled based on trap‐limited conduction and percolation theories. The mobility has a power‐law dependence, in which percolation controls the exponent while trap states determine constant term in the power law. The proposed model, which is fully physically‐based, provides a good agreement with measured transistor characteristics as well as transient operations of fabricated pixel test circuits for oxide‐based OLED displays.
5.3: Invited Paper: AH‐IPS, Superb Display for Mobile Device
Authors: Lee Joun Ho , Park Kyoung Ho , Kim Sung Ho , Choi Hyun Chul , Kim Byeong Koo , Yin YuSeoung
Published: July 2013

The leading display modes AH‐IPS and AM‐OLED for smart‐phones are compared in their electro‐optical performances. The market trend is bigger size, higher pixel density, natural color performance, and accurate readability at outdoor environment. Comparing these two, we want to ensure whether they reflect the display trends or not. This comparison may show again why AH‐IPS is dominating displays in mobile worlds.
6.1: Invited Paper: Electronic Paper System using High Resolution Electrophoretic Display
Authors: Nebashi Satoshi , Kodama Yoshiyuki , Hayaishi Ikuo , Kajino Kiich , Kuchiki Yutaku
Published: July 2013

This paper describes a new e‐paper system, which is suitable for office applications. As a replacement of paper based work, it is necessary to have the same readability as paper, capability of handwriting, and convenience of IT equipment. In order to satisfy these requirements, there are three main features of this system. One is a high resolution electrophoretic display (EPD) which provides printed paper image quality. Another is binary display driving which provides high speed image writing on a high resolution display. The last is an original EPD control scheme which gives quick page turning or handwriting performance.
6.3: Distinguished Paper: A 9‐inch Flexible Color Electrophoretic Display with Projected Capacitive Touch Panel and Integrated Amorphous‐Silicon Gate Driver Circuits
Authors: Lai Yen‐Huei , Lan Yung‐Hsiang , Huang Tzu‐Yu , Wang Cheng‐Liang , Lo Kuo‐Chang , Chang Tsu‐Chiang , Hung Shih‐Hsing , Chan Chih‐Cheng , Hwu Keh‐Long , Chuang Ching‐Sang
Published: July 2013

In order to bring Ebook reader to the next stage, we have developed a prototype and concept design that combine flexible color electrophoretic display (EPD), flexible projected capacitive touch panel (TP) and amorphous‐silicon gate driver circuit on array (GOA) technologies. This prototype has been fabricated successfully with the white reflectivity of 23.5%, contrast ratio of 16:1 and 16 gray‐level color images. In terms of the flexible TP, it is capable of detecting multi‐touch events and transmittance is more than 73.2%. GOA circuit operation is also verified with a 9‐inch flexible color EPD.
7.1: Invited Paper: Progress in Luminous Array Film (LAFi) with Plasma Tube Technology for Seamless Tilling Super‐large‐area Display
Authors: Kosako Terukazu , Guo Bingang , Tanaka Hajime , Hirakawa Hitoshi , Awamoto Kenji , Shinoda Tsutae
Published: July 2013

A newly developed flat sealing process for glass tube edge provided a minimal seam by overlapped connection with transparent tube edge. Using these new techniques, we produced a new model of free expandable 1m × 2m stand‐alone display module that will provide a free designed curved super‐large area display.
7.2: Determination Method of Pixel Values for Combined Single‐Line and Multi‐Line Scanning Method for 120‐Hz PDPs
Authors: Suzuki Chiharu , Shiga Tomokazu
Published: July 2013

A combined single‐line and multi‐line scanning method reduces the address period while maintaining image quality. This is important for realizing 4000 line TV displays. Peak signal to noise ratio of the test images exceeds 40 dB when the number of simultaneously scanned line is 2. When the number is 3, the image degradation is acceptable. Experiments with 120‐Hz frame rate PDPs verify that the method maintains image quality.
10.2: Invited Paper: Development of Oxide TFT's Structures
Authors: Bae Jong UK , Kim Dae Hwan , Kim Kitae , Jung Kiyoung , Shin Woosup , Kang Inbyeong , Yeo SangDeog
Published: July 2013

Advanced structures of oxide TFT have been studied for various display applications. Oxide TFT with etch‐stopped layer has shown excellent uniformity and stability for display products. For mass production with low cost, however, back channel etched structure with/without titanium etch‐stopped one has been studied and demonstrated promising electrical properties comparable to etch stop structure. Furthermore, we have developed self‐aligned coplanar structure as one of ways to minimize parasitic capacitance and found excellent electrical properties and bias stability at 6 μm of channel length, which is demonstrated with 13.3 inch AMOLED.
10.4: Improvement of Stability on a‐IGZO LCD
Authors: Wu Chun Wei , Yoo Seong Yeol , Ning Ce , Yang Wei , Shang Guang Liang , Wang Ke , Liu Chien Hung , Liu Xiang , Yuan Guang Cai , Chen Jian , Xu Yubo , Lee Woobong , Yu Jian Wei , Lee Doo Hee
Published: July 2013

We have developed 10‐inch 300PPI and 65‐inch ultra high‐definition FFS LCD using amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐O(IGZO) TFT. After improvement of TFT's process and structure, the TFT performance is good enough for TFT‐LCD. In this report, we discuss our IGZO TFT process, uniformity and reliability.
112.1: Invited Paper: Electrofluidic Imaging Films for Brighter, Faster, and Lower‐Cost e‐Paper
Authors: Hagedon Matthew , Heikenfeld Jason , Dean Kenneth A. , Kreit Eric , Zhou Kaichang , Rudolph John
Published: July 2013

We report advances in bistable ‘electrofluidic imaging film’ for e‐Paper, an approach which transposes colored ink in 10's of ms to the front of, or behind, a porous white film. The electrofluidic imaging film requires no pixel borders or ink‐microencapsulation, allowing >90% reflective area. We have demonstrated that this reflective area, coupled with a proprietary engineered reflector, results in RGBW operation that provides SNAP (newsprint) quality color. Furthermore, this new approach is also the first electrowetting‐style front‐plane technology that can be integrated with simple non‐aligned lamination. We have also demonstrated microreplication and other low‐cost methods to fabricate the imaging film, and have begun creating sealed matrix‐addressed modules using LCD‐compatible processes.
12.4: Recent Development of Transparent Electrowetting Display
Authors: Lo Kuo‐Lung , Tsai Yu‐Hsiang , Cheng Wei‐Yuan , Shiu Jyh‐Wen , Chen Jang‐Lin
Published: July 2013

Transparent display is currently an emerging topic in the display technologies for mobile device, monitor, shopping window and vehicle application. Electrowetting display (EWD) is one of the potential technologies because of its higher transmittance, colorful choosing, and faster response time. Recent development of transparent electrowetting display in ITRI had been discussed in this paper. Slot die coating and assembly processes were evaluated for mass production. Pigment based colored oil and sealant were developed to improve the reliability of panel. Finally, by process modification and defect inspection, the highly stable 6‐inch transparent electrowetting display with 35% transmittance could be realized.
13.1: New Improvement of Luminous Efficacy by Applying CaxMg1‐xO Protecting Layer with High Xe‐content Discharge Gas
Authors: Yan Qun (Frank) , Kotera Koichi , Lu Zhengxiang , Xing Fangli , Tang Cuizheng , Chen Liguo , Xue Daoqi , Uchidoi Masataka
Published: July 2013

The easy formation of CaCO3 and MgCO3 in manufacture process posed big challenge to mass production of high luminous efficacy PDP panel that applying CaxMg1‐xO(CMO) protecting layer. New approaching of applying CMO and improving process allows significant improvement of reducing the impact of carbonate formation on the performance of CMO panel, over 25% increase of the luminous efficacy has been achieved in the 2nd generation CMO panel.
13.3: First‐principles Study of Secondary Electron Emission of Modified MgO Surfaces in Plasma Displays
Authors: Li Qiaofen , Tu Yan , Yang Lanlan , Dai Kai , Wang Jia , Tolner Harm
Published: July 2013

The electronic structure of regular and irregular MgO (111) surface was studied using first‐principles. We conclude that the introduction of surface roughness can reduce the surface bandgap value down to 5.1 eV, i.e. below the critical value of 5.6 eV for xenon ions, thereby increasing the γ and efficacy values.
14.1: Invited Paper: Sonification: Multimodal and Auditory Displays of Data
Authors: Walker Bruce N.
Published: July 2013

Sonification is intentionally using sound to represent data. As visual displays both shrink and grow, as datasets grow in size and complexity, and as mobile data access increases, sophisticated auditory displays become crucial. We present a taxonomy of sonification, and discuss implementation and design, in the context of multimodal interaction.
14.3: A Novel Concept of a Vein Viewer Based on a Bidirectional OLED Microdisplay
Authors: Großmann Constanze , Pertenaïs Martin , Notni Gunther , Tünnermann Andreas
Published: July 2013

Bidirectional OLED based microdisplays offer interesting possibilities for new applications. A new optical concept of a veins viewer based on bidirectional OLED microdisplay will be presented. The veins viewer records an IR‐image of your veins and this image will be projected in the visible range onto your skin. This enables the visualization of the superficial blood vessels below human skin. Thereby, a simplified and not painful therapy of the patient is possible.
14.4: Polychromatic High‐Frequency Steady‐State Visual Evoked Potentials for Brain‐Display Interaction
Authors: Chien Yu‐Yi , Lin Fang‐Cheng , Chou Ching‐Chi , Zao John K. , Kuo Heng‐Yuan , Huang Yi‐Pai , Wang Yijun , Jung Tzyy‐Ping , Shieh Han‐Ping D.
Published: July 2013

An oncoming interactive platform integrated with LCD provides another option not only for handicapped but public to make our daily lives more convenient. Steady‐state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) are human brain responses to visual stimulation at specific light flashing frequencies. With the improvement of brain‐computer interface (BCI) applications in mind, this paper proposed effective and comfortable SSVEP stimuli of high‐frequency and polychromatic encoded lights with tunable duty cycles and phases.
15.3: A Novel Liquid Crystal Lens for Autostereoscopic 3D Display
Authors: Liu Sheng‐Chi , Yang Po‐Sen , Sun Yi‐Lin , Tsai Yung‐Sheng , Tung Jen‐Lang
Published: July 2013

This work proposes a novel LC lens to achieve an autostereoscopic 2D/3D display. The optimized design parameters of the LC lens are derived by a new theoretical analysis. Based on the experimental results, the LC lens demonstrates high focus‐tunable capability, the particular lens performance, and most notably without inducing disclination line during operating.
16.1: Negative‐Bias Photodegradation Mechanism in InGaZnO TFT
Authors: Tsubuku Masashi , Watanabe Ryosuke , Ishihara Noritaka , Kishida Hideyuki , Takahashi Masahiro , Yamazaki Shunpei , Kanzaki Yohsuke , Matsukizono Hiroshi , Mori Shigeyasu , Matsuo Takuya
Published: July 2013

Recent studies have shown that IGZO are variously influenced by photoirradiation. In this study, by using measurement results of optical properties and calculation results, a relationship of defect levels in the IGZO films and the SiO2 films to negative‐bias photodegradation was examined, and the mechanism of the degradation was revealed.
17.2: Low Voltage Polymer‐stabilized Blue Phase with Red‐shifted Bragg Reflection
Authors: Yan Jin , Luo Zhenyue , Wu Shin‐Tson , Shiu Jyh‐Wen , Lai Yu‐Cheng , Cheng Kung‐Lung , Liu Shih‐Hsien , Hsieh Pao‐Ju , Tsai Yuan‐Chun
Published: July 2013

We demonstrated a low voltage polymer‐stabilized blue phase liquid crystal (BPLC) by red‐shifting the Bragg reflection to the visible region. To retain high contrast ratio, the BPLC is sandwiched between two crossed circular polarizers. The driving voltage is reduced by 35% compared to that of a transparent BPLC, while keeping submillisecond response time. The proposed approach would accelerate the emergence of BPLC for next‐generation display applications.
18.1: Invited Paper: Roll‐to‐Roll Manufacturing of Printed OLEDs
Authors: Hast Jukka , Tuomikoski Markus , Suhonen Riikka , Väisänen Kaisa‐Leena , Välimäki Marja , Maaninen Tiina , Apilo Pälvi , Alastalo Ari , Maanineny Arto
Published: July 2013

Organic light emitting diodes (OLED) are developing rapidly and provide a huge market potential for signage, lighting and display applications. Cost efficient manufacturing of OLED components on different flexible substrates is under heavy investigation. In this paper focus is on polymer OLEDs and their non‐vacuum solution processing using roll‐to‐roll (R2R) printing techniques. In this paper VTT's R2R manufacturing process capabilities for printed OLED components are presented. Several demonstrator concepts based on printed OLED technology are introduced including; printed OLED elements 1) in a smart package, 2) a 7‐segment display integrated in a ID‐1 card, 3) an electronics voting card with OLED indicator and 4) a 35 cm2 OLED lighting element printed on glass.
19.5L: Late‐News Paper: High Efficiency and Long Lifetime Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes for Flat Panel Display Applications
Authors: Zheng Ying , Qian Lei , Yang Yixing , Titov Alexandre , Hyvonen Jake , Cao Weiran , Xue Jiangeng , Holloway Paul H.
Published: July 2013

Colloidal quantum‐dot based hybrid light‐emitting diodes (QD‐LEDs) that exhibit high efficiency, long lifetime, solution processability, color tunability and narrow emission bandwidth are reported. The devices possess maximum current and power efficiency of 3.2 cd/A and 2.1 lm/W for blue, 60 cd/A and 54 lm/W for green, and 15 cd/A and 18 lm/W for red emission. With exceptional good lifetime, the current QD‐LEDs are promising for flat panel display applications.
20.2: Enlarged Viewing Angle of Integral Imaging System by Liquid Crystal Prism
Authors: Chen Chih‐Wei , Huang Yi‐Pai , Hsieh Po‐Yuan , Jen Ta‐Hsiang , Chang Yu‐Cheng , Su Yong‐Ren , Cho Myungjin , Xiao Xiao , Javidi Bahram
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we proposed an integral imaging (II) system with a Liquid Crystal (LC) prism array to extend the horizontal viewing angles. The experimental results indicated that the viewing angle is successfully extended by two times without any mechanical movement. We believe that the proposed system is promising for future wide viewing integral imaging systems.
21.3: A 65‐inch Amorphous Oxide Thin Film Transistors Active‐Matrix Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Television Using Side by Side and Fine Metal Mask Technology
Authors: Chen Chia‐Yu , Lin Li‐Fong , Lee Jen‐Yu , Wu Wen‐Hao , Wang San‐Chi , Chiang Yuan Ming , Chen Yu‐Hung , Chen Chih‐Cheng , Chen Yu‐Hung , Chen Chih‐Lei , Shih Tsung‐Hsiang , Liu Chun‐Hsin , Ting Hung‐Che , Lu Hsueh‐Hsing , Tsai Lun , Lin Hong‐Shen , Chang Lee‐Hsun , Lin Yu‐Hsin
Published: July 2013

We reported a 65 inches amorphous oxide thin film transistors active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode television panel. The thin film transistor shows an excellent characteristic. The long range threshold voltage uniformity is 0.34V. The side by side organic light‐emitting diode device is realized by fine metal mask. The dam and fill encapsulation method shows a simple process procedure and high stability.
22.1: Invited Paper: Low‐Voltage Polymer‐Stabilized Blue‐Phase Liquid Crystals
Authors: Haseba Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Shin‐ichi , Sago Kohki , Takata Akihiro , Tobata Hitoshi
Published: July 2013

The operating voltage of PS‐BPLCs could be reduced by using host nematic liquid crystals with extremely large ΔnXΔε One of the PS‐BPLCs showed 23V of Vmax and 800 of contrast ratio using IPS electrode with 10μm of spaces, which should be driven by normal driver if electrode design is optimized On the other hands, such PS‐BPLCs with large Δε also took a long charging time to be charged enough as a side effect. This charging problem has to be solved by improvement of materials, devices and driving method so that low voltage PS‐BPLCs will be widely used
24.3: Characterization and Modeling of Light Diffusing Sheet
Authors: Cui Yue , Yang Deng‐Ke , Ma Ruiqing , Brown Julie J.
Published: July 2013

This work studies the scattering profile of diffusing sheet for flat panel displays. We carried out an experiment to measure the angular dependence of the out‐coupled light intensity of a diffuser for incident light at various incident angles. We also developed a phenomenological model which can be used to calculate the angular dependence of scattered light intensity by diffusers with variable film thickness for incident light at arbitrary incident angle. The results are very useful in understanding and improving of flat panel displays such as LCD and OLED.
25.3: Pixel Circuit with Bootstrapping Structure for Blue‐Phase Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Lin Chih‐Lung , Cheng Mao‐Hsun , Tu Chun‐Da , Hung Chia‐Che , Lai Po‐Chun , Yan Jin , Chen Yuan , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: July 2013

This work presents a new pixel circuit designed on glass by using hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) technology for polymer‐stabilized blue‐phase liquid crystal (BPLC) display with vertical field switching (VFS) mode. In the VFS mode, the driving voltage of BP‐LC can be reduced, moreover, the hysteresis and residual birefringence are effectively suppressed as well. From the simulation results, the average error rate of storage voltage in pixel circuit is below 5.14% while operating frequency is 180 Hz.
28.4: A Novel Liquid Crystal Mode With Premium Picture Quality
Authors: Lu Mei‐Ju , Cheng Wei‐Cheng , Ting Tien‐Lun , Hsu Wen‐Hao , Su Jenn‐Jia
Published: July 2013

We describe a liquid crystal display mode, VA‐FFS, whose liquid crystal is vertically‐aligned and driven by fringe fields. Through the numerical analysis of its optical properties, we suggest that the VA‐FFS mode with negative dielectric anisotropy could have low color washout and premium picture quality.
29.3: Invited Paper: The Mechanical Reliability of Flexible ALD Barrier Films
Authors: Bulusu Anuradha , Behm Henrik , Sadeghi‐Tohidi Farzad , Bahre Hendrick , Baumert Eva , Samet David , Hopmann Christian , Winter Jörg , Pierron Olivier , Graham Samuel
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we present the results of mechanical testing that reveals the onset crack strain and fatigue crack growth of TiO2 and Al2O3 films deposited by atomic layer deposition. Data show that both films have a strong thickness dependence of the onset crack strain, with the strain reducing with increasing film thickness. Additionally, TiO2 films have a lower onset crack strain and strain for fatigue damage than Al2O3. However, TiO2 films are more resilient in harsh environments where fatigue damage in Al2O3 films grows faster.
29.4: Invited Paper: Paper Electronics: A Challenge for the Future
Authors: Martins Rodrigo , Pereira Luís , Fortunato Elvira
Published: July 2013

In this paper we report results concerning the use of paper as substrate and as an electronic component for the next generation of sustainable low cost electronic systems, where different examples of applications are given.
30.1: Overview: Testing 3D‐stereo Displays, Techniques and Challenges
Authors: Abileah Adi
Published: July 2013

This paper reviews typical parameters and testing procedures for stereo displays of several technologies. Extinction ratio and variations between the eyes are among the parameters measured to determine image quality and stereo effect. Each 3D technology has unique measurement challenges. In most cases standard photometers (in unique set‐ups) are required.
30.2: Driving Scheme Required for Blur‐Free Motion of a Target Moving at 480 pps
Authors: Watson O. Jeff
Published: July 2013

By combining data from response time measurements, charge‐coupled device (CCD) images of monitor sub‐pixels, the Briggs roam test, the limitations of the human vision system, and spatio‐temporal data analysis, it is possible to determine the prerequisites for blur‐free motion at a specified roam rate.
30.4L: Late‐News Paper: A High Resolution Method for Measuring 3D Crosstalk Spatial Uniformity
Authors: Penczek John , Boynton Paul A. , Kelley Edward F.
Published: July 2013

A method is described that measures the 3D crosstalk spatial uniformity with high resolution. The resulting crosstalk maps enable a comprehensive statistical characterization of the display, and represent a useful visual assessment tool. A case study illustrates the advantages of this method compared to discrete sampling methods.
32.1: Optimal Projector Configuration Design for 300‐Mpixel Light‐Field 3D Display
Authors: Lee Jin‐Ho , Park Juyong , Nam Dongkyung , Choi Seo Young , Park Du‐Sik , Kim Chang Yeong
Published: July 2013

To achieve an immersive natural 3D experience in a large screen, we developed a projection‐based 300‐Mpixel light‐field display that has a 100‐inch screen and a 40° viewing angle. Finding the best projector configuration is an important issue in generating a high‐quality 3D image, so we analyzed the luminance characteristics of the display and optimized the design to minimize the variation in the brightness of projected images.
33.2: Spatial Resolution Characteristics of Organic Light‐emitting Diode Displays: A comparative Analysis of MTF for Handheld and Workstation Formats
Authors: Yamazaki Asumi , Wu Chih‐Lei , Cheng Wei‐Chung , Badano Aldo
Published: July 2013

We characterized the spatial resolution of organic light‐emitting diode displays of various sizes and formats including handheld and workstation devices. We observed in some cases significant signal crosstalk between adjacent pixels resulting in degraded resolution characteristics. Handheld displays showed improved resolution characteristics as evidenced by modulation transfer functions.
37.3: Air‐stable Electron Transport Materials for Low‐voltage OLEDs
Authors: Canzler Tobias W. , Langguth Oliver , Bloom Francisco , Rosenow Thomas , Murano Sven , Rothe Carsten , Werner Ansgar
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we describe the use of a new air‐stable generation of n‐doped electron‐transport layers for OLEDs. The proper combination of hosts and dopants allows for lower voltage combined with increased efficiency and long lifetime. We report OLED performance for a two‐color fluorescent white system and a blue‐fluorescent system.
38.4: Novel Photoalignment Layer for In Plane Switching Mode LCD Using 313 nm Ultraviolet Light
Authors: Goto Kohei , Yamanouchi Hirokazu , Ashizawa Ryoichi , Mandai Atushi , Nagi Tatsuya , Minami Satoshi , Tsutsui Kimiaki , Ishikawa Motoaki , Kondo Mizuho , Kawatsuki Nobuhiro
Published: July 2013

This letter describes photoalignment layers showing high photosensitivity at linearly polarized (LP) 313 nm light. Irradiation of LP 313 nm light followed by annealing induced a molecularly oriented structure of the photoalignment layers, which showed excellent image sticking property due to azimuthal anchoring energy of the IPS LC cell using them.
39.3: The Need for Speed in Touch Systems
Authors: Ng Albert , Dietz Paul H.
Published: July 2013

We show the impact of touch‐to‐display latency, frame rate, and motion blur on the user experience of a touch system. Using a custom device, we achieve latencies down to ∼1ms, with frame rates up to 1000Hz. The effects are not subtle, demonstrating the opportunity for higher performance in touch devices.
41.3: Evaluating the Effects of Environmental Illuminance on the Readability of E‐books
Authors: Koizuka Tatsuya , Sano Shunta , Kojima Takehito , Miyao Masaru
Published: July 2013

We carried out experiments to evaluate the readability of reading e‐books under staged illuminance conditions (minimum: 10 lx, maximum: 5,000 lx). In the experiments, we conducted subjective evaluations and measured viewing distance. This study found a dependency between readability and illuminance for each device.
42.3: Efficient Multi‐View Input Data Format for Glasses‐Free 3D Display
Authors: Effendi  , Hung Chia‐Fen , Lin Kuei‐Yin , Tsai Fu‐Chan , Ho Chia‐Po , Yang Chih‐Hsiang
Published: July 2013

This paper presents a novel multi‐view input data format that is efficient and applicable to any 3D rendering engine. A multi‐view system is also developed to overcome the challenge in 3D image quality caused by the lens misalignment. Finally, the verification is performed on our nine‐view glasses‐free 3D display.
43.3: Inverted Top‐Emitting White OLEDs with Improved Optical and Electrical Characteristics
Authors: Schwab Tobias , Schubert Sylvio , Thomschke Michael , Fröbel Markus , Müller‐Meskamp Lars , Leo Karl , Gather Malte C.
Published: July 2013

An innovative gold‐silver top electrode with low sheet resistance and high transmittance is investigated for optical optimization of inverted top‐emitting white OLEDs. Furthermore, a Molybdenum‐oxide hole injection layer is applied, improving the electrical characteristics. We obtain highly efficient, angular stable, inverted white OLEDs with large tolerance to thickness variations.
44.1: Ameliorating the Sticking Phenomenon of the Photosensitive Alignment Layer by using Reactive Mesogen
Authors: Tzu‐Yu Ting , Hung‐Yu Wu , Jan‐Tian Lian
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we reported about photo‐alignment technology in neutralized the residual ion by using double side chain monomer for Fringe Field Switching (FFS) mode application. It could be improving on imaging sticking problem in alignment film which is photo‐reactive behavior include photo‐ degradation and cis‐trans conversion. According to the measurement results, the panel didn't change characteristics in driving voltage and pretilt angle etc., cause by doping low concentration.
44.3: Characterization of Intra‐molecular Energy Transfer in Reactive Mesogen Liquid Crystal Mixtures
Authors: Hsieh Chung‐Ching , Zhao Youngchao , Song Yanjun , Chiu Chung‐Yi
Published: July 2013

The Polymer‐stabilized alignment method has highly potential for manufacturing high performance displays due to the higher contrast ratio and faster response. In this study, we have investigated the liquid crystal mixture with alkenyl group monomer for response and reliability issues. The alkenyl group monomer can help reducing the rotational viscosity but cause the residual of reactive mesogen (RM) increased. New RM was adopted to overcome the residual issue and contributed excellent optical and reliability results.
44.4: Development of Fast Response Time 4.3‐inch WVGA Fringe Field Switching Liquid Crystal Mode through Reactive Mesogen
Authors: Kim Youngsik , Lee You‐Jin , Yu Chang‐Jae , Choi Jung‐Min , Lee Joun‐Ho , Kim Byeong‐Koo , Kim Jae‐Hoon
Published: July 2013

We fabricated 4.3‐inch WVGA fringe‐field switching mode with fast response time using reactive mesogen (RM) mixed in planar alignment layer. The RM‐mixed alignment layer gave rise to improvement of the response time by an enhancement of azimuthal anchoring energy. In addition, due to low pretilt angle of the RM‐mixed alignment layer, no gray inversion was observed.
45.1: Distinguished Paper: 12.2‐inch 1920 × RGBW × 720 IPS‐LCD Integrating In‐Cell Touch Panel for Automotive Use
Authors: Tanaka Chihiro , Ikeda Kojiro , Tanaka Toshihiko , Furutani Naosuke , Suzuki Daichi , Ohira Hirofumi , Matsushima Toshiharu , Nakamura Akio , Tsubokura Nobuo , Yamada Kazuyuki , Nakamura Keita , Shimizu Koji , Sekime Tomoaki , Kasai Taiki , Takizawa Keiji , Nakajima Yoshiharu , Ito Tomoyuki
Published: July 2013

In this paper a 12.2‐inch 1920 × RGBW × 720 prototype LCD for automotive use which integrates an in‐cell touch panel is described with some electrical and electro‐optical characteristics. In addition, the prototype of a curved‐faced and non‐rectangular form of this cited LCD is described.
46.5L: Late‐News Paper: Large Area Sputtered Al2O3 Films for High Mobility AM‐TFT Backplanes on PVD Array System PiVot 55kVi2
Authors: Kloeppel Andreas , Liu Jian , Scheer Evelyn
Published: July 2013

The production worthiness of sputtered Al2O3 barrier films on Gen 8.5 substrates using rotary targets on PVD array system PiVot™ is demonstrated in order to provide increased stability to IGZO AM‐OLED backplanes. The achieved Al2O3 layer properties and uniformity illustrate the advantages of using rotary technology.
47.2: Novel Measurement Method of Bright‐Light Contrast Ratio Based on Binocular Vision
Authors: Blankenbach Karlheinz , Sycev Andrej
Published: July 2013

It is well known that ambient light reduces the contrast ratio. However binocular human perception is often better than expected by monocular measurements. We evaluated this by subjects and adapted the measurement set‐up to binocular vision. Typical mobile displays were examined and we verified the binocular visual perception of small specular light sources.
47.4: Invited Paper: Opportunities with LEDs for Increasing the Visual Benefits of Lighting
Authors: Rea Mark S.
Published: July 2013

Reliance on the lumen (lm) as the sole measure of lighting benefits (lm/m2 and lm/W) can unnecessarily waste energy, increase costs, and reduce safety, security and visibility. Utilization of analogous benefit metrics in lighting standards that characterize human visual responses would increase the value of lighting for many applications.