bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the acute neuroinflammatory response and endogenous markers in the amygdala of animals submitted to status epilepticus by intrahippocampal pilocarpine application
Authors: Rocha Vinicius Lisboa Da , Costa Amanda Pinato Alves da , Lisboa Amanda Feltrin , Salmazo Enzo Da Silva , Araújo Emanoel de Oliveira , Antunes Livia Lohaine Alencar , Santos Monick Buosi dos , Santos Rone Roberto Campana dos , Gimenes Alexandre Dantas
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Experimental evidence and clinical evidence indicate that the inflammatory process is a crucial mechanism in the pathophysiology of epileptic seizures and temporal lobe epilepsy. The amygdala when involved in an atypical processing is associated with multiple moods such as depression and anxiety disorder and psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Objective: This study investigated the acute inflammatory process and modulation of the endogenous proteins’ galectins and AnxA1 in the amygdala of animals submitted to an experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods: The experimental procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals at UNIFESP (CEUA nº2958050814). The experiments performed in this study used data and materials that were obtained from the project “Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory role of the mimetic peptide ac2-26 of the annexin a1 protein in intrahippocampal pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus” conducted by the advisor. The experimental model used male Wistar rats that were divided into 3 experimental groups (NAIVE; SHAM, Status Epilepticus or SE - n = 5 animals/group). Once acclimated, the animals in the SHAM and SE groups underwent stereotaxic surgery for implantation of the intracerebral cannula in the right hippocampus. The SHAM animals received sterile saline in all procedures and the NAIVE group only manipulated. The animals were monitored throughout the period and after 24 hours of experiment all animals were euthanized by overdose of thiopental to remove the brain and performed histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Results and Conclusion: Initial results demonstrate that SE and the acute inflammatory process cause damage to the amygdala, and there is also modulation of inflammatory markers in this structure. However, further studies are needed to better understand the mechanism of action in neuroinflammation in status epilepticus.
Construction of mammographic findings simulators to study the interference of silicone implants in the diagnosis of breast cancer
Authors: Bezerra Lucila Franz , Bezerra Lenita Franz , Kruger Kaiser , Souza Everton Granemann , Nascimento Chiara Das Dores do
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm among women, presenting itself, in 99% of cases, in females. Augmentation mammoplasty is the most performed aesthetic surgical intervention in the world. Objective: This study aims to improve the search for biomaterials compatible with mammographic findings suggestive of malignancy, to further study the interference of silicone implants in mammography exams. Methods: To make the simulators of mammographic findings, a bibliographic study of possible biomaterials that presented compatibility with the breast tissue and with possible neoplastic findings was carried out. The validation process of the simulators made in this work was carried out in two stages. Results: The result found was a density variation between 2.54 and 2.57 (dimensionless unit). For the second plate, the individual optical density of each material was analyzed. The results found for fiberglass ranged between 1.95 and 2.63. For chicken eggshells between 0.59 and 0.80. For the glycerin suppository, values between 1.43 and 2.29 were found. And for plastic PVC film 1.78 to 2.53. Conclusion: Given the above, it is observed that the first plate as a whole is compatible with mammographic studies. However, on the second plate, when the materials were analyzed separately, it was observed that fiberglass and plastic PVC film were the closest to compatibility with the commercial phantom, being compatible materials to simulate breast neoplasms in possible further studies.
Scientific research with cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: an experience report
Authors: Ramos Milena Vieira
Published: December 2021

Scientific research brings resolutions to several problems in society, supporting clinical performance in health. Work with cancer patients needs to be even more careful. During the COVID-19 pandemic, cancer patients enter the risk group for exposure to the virus, limiting the monitoring of the disease, impairing treatment. New health technologies and telemedicine have been on the rise in recent years, changing the course of medicine, research and health care. Its implementation and validation have been widely discussed in recent years, and it was greatly encouraged by the COVID-19 pandemic. To report the development, adaptations and the six-month longitudinal follow-up of 20 individuals who underwent thyroidectomy at a university hospital. The research flowchart initially persisted in evaluating symptoms and vocal fatigue in individuals undergoing thyroidectomy due to thyroid cancer at three times: pre-surgical (M1), immediate post-surgical (M2) and late post-surgical (M3) in three to six months. The individuals were submitted to videolaryngoscopy, voice recording, voice acoustic analysis and completion of self-assessment protocols along with the medical consultation. All assessments were performed on an outpatient basis at the three times described. The research began in October 2019, and was interrupted at the beginning of the pandemic. In February 2020 we obtained eight cases with the two initial assessments, and only two cases with M3. Due to the pandemic, the surgeries were suspended and the continuity of the study was impaired, requiring modifications. The initial goal was to last nine months with 30 individuals in the sample. New cases were followed up from October 2020 until May 2021 when there was a reduction in cases. At the end, all data from 20 individuals in this period of the research were collected. The completion time increased from nine months to 20 months. None of the patients were infected by COVID-19 during the research period. Therefore, the treatment of cancer patients encompasses several aspects that have been hampered by its continuity, delaying deadlines and making access difficult by COVID-19. As well as, scientific research in this population has undergone several adaptations to preserve the health of individuals, not unnecessarily exposing them to contamination with the virus. Monitoring by telemedicine proved to be effective for the initial objectives of this study, but it may limit it depending on the type of proposed intervention. Despite the existing pandemic, scientific production should not be stopped because it brings discoveries that aim to improve the health of the population.
Dissection in neuroanatomy: an experience report
Authors: Schäefer Eduardo Alfredo , Carmona Elisa Sousa , Mehret Gabriela Pereira , Marques Karina do Valle , Webber Mayara Lucia , Marques Vanessa Belentani
Published: December 2021

The dissection belongs to the medical teaching-learning process since ancient times. However, due to the generalization of the practice, the demand for corpses increased so that control of their origin was lost several technological tools are used in the learning of human anatomy, such as anatomical tables and 3D printed organs, which are complementary to a good practice in the field of health. This study report an experience of four medical students performing a practical dissection immersion in neuroanatomy, as well as their perceptions about the evolution of knowledge of the brain structural characteristics. In a maximized perception, it was felt the need to combine ways to teach neuroanatomy in order to unite the theory with the real perception of the organs, enabling an anatomical and physiological understanding close to reality. The use of anatomical atlases in drawings or photographed images is the most traditional study tool and with technological development, digital tools have been gaining ground in this educational scenario. However, the oldest way to study anatomy, visual exploration and dissection of the human body, will always make a great contribution to the study of neuroanatomy. Nonetheless, access to biological materials, for well-founded ethical reasons, is becoming increasingly rare, that is why students who experience these experiences are able to transform the knowledge obtained from unique opportunities into teaching materials accessible to academics in the health area.
BERT Modeli'nin Sınıflandırma Doğruluğunun Sıfır-Atış Öğrenmesi ile Artırılması
Authors: OZAN Şükrü , ÖZDİL Umut , TAŞAR Davut Emre , ARSLAN Büşra , POLAT Gökçe
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada, çevrimiçi reklam platformlarında oluşturulan reklam metinlerinin sektöre göre otomatik olarak sınıflandırılması için Çift Yönlü Kodlayıcı Gösterimleri (BERT) modeli kullanılmıştır. Eğitim veri setimiz 44 farklı sektöre ait yaklaşık 101.000 adet, ilgili sektör isimleri ile etiketlenmiş reklam metninden oluşmaktadır. Sınıflandırma başarımının belirli sektörler için düşük olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bunun, ilgili eğitim veri setindeki aykırı bazı reklam metinlerinden kaynaklandığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bu sebeple sektör ve reklam metni uygunluğunu otomatik olarak tespit etmek ve veri seti için bir ön işleme gerçekleştirmek amacıyla doğal dil işleme (NLP) alanında güncel bir yöntem olan Sıfır-Atış Öğrenmesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu ön işleme çalışmasından sonra temizlenen veri seti ile tekrardan eğitilen BERT modelinin sınıflandırma başarımının önemli ölçüde arttığı gözlemlenmiştir.
Telea ve Naiver Stokes Algoritmaları Kullanılarak Görüntülerdeki Bozulmaları Düzeltme
Authors: AKKOCA Engin , BULUŞ Ercan
Published: December 2021

Görseller üzerindeki bozulmaları düzeltmek veya görsel üzerindeki istenilmeyen bazı kısımları, görselin orijinal halini bilmeyen kişilerin algılayamayacağı şekilde kaldırmak veya değiştirmek insanların çok uzun zamandır talep ettiği işlemlerdir. Bilgisayarların bu işlemler için kullanılması hem işlemin kalitesini arttırmış hem de işlemi kolaylaştırmıştır, fakat bilgisayar ortamında yapılıyor olsa da görsel üzerindeki işlemler halen manuel olarak yapılmaktadır. Görüntü boyama (Image Inpainting) yöntemi ile bu işlem hem daha hızlı yapılmaya başlanmış hem de işlem otomatikleştirilmiştir. Open CV kütüphanesi için geliştirilen inpaint_telea ve inpaint_ns sınıfları ile görsel üzerinde görüntü boyama işlemi yapılabilmektedir.
TÜRKİYE’DE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ve TURİZM GELİRLERİ İLİŞKİSİ; YAPISAL KIRILMALI TEST ANALİZİ
Authors: ŞAHİN Dilek , DURMUŞ Savaş , BEŞCANLAR Soner
Published: December 2021

Turizm sektörü ödemeler bilançosunun uluslararası hizmetler bölümünde yer alır, görünmeyen ihracat kalemi olarak döviz girişi sağlar. Dolayısıyla dış açıkların giderilmesinde ve bütçe açığının kapanmasında ve ülkenin milli gelir artışında önemli katkıları bulunmaktadır. Türkiye’de ekonomik kalkınmanın yapı taşlarından birisi olan turizm sektörünün gelişiminin artması, ekonomik büyüme için itici bir güç pozisyonundadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de ekonomik büyüme ve turizm gelirleri arasındaki ilişki 2012:01- 2019: 09 dönemine ait aylık verilerden yararlanılarak analize tabi edilmiştir. Analiz kapsamındaki değişkenler; sanayi üretim endeksi, turizm gelirleri, enflasyon ve istihdam oranı verileridir. Değişkenlerin durağanlığı, yapısal kırılmalara olanak sağlayan (Zivot-Andrews) birim kök testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz kapsamındaki değişkenlerin birbirleriyle uzun dönem ilişkisi ise Gregory-Hansen Eşbütünleşme testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Bu yapısal kırılmalı test sonucu değişkenler arasında uzun dönemde bir ilişkinin varlığını göstermiştir. Çalışmada değişkenlerin nedensellik ilişkisi Fourier Toda-Yamamoto testi ile incelenmiştir. Bu testin sonuçları; turizm gelirlerinden ekonomik büyümeye doğru ve ekonomik büyümeden de istihdama doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisini ortaya koymuştur.
Türkiye’de Sanayileşme ve Kadın Emeği İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: DEMİRTAŞ Işıl , YILDIRIM Durmuş Çağrı , YILDIRIM Seda
Published: December 2021

Sanayileşme ve işgücü ilişkisi farklı ülkeler için farklı özelliklere sahip olabilmektedir. Gelişmekte olan ülkeler için kadının istihdam içerisindeki rolü daha çok ekonomik büyümeye etkisi üzerinden ele alınmaktadır. Dolayısıyla kadın emeğinin çıktı ve sanayileşme üzerindeki etkilerinin literatürde sıklıkla çalışıldığı ancak sanayileşmenin kadın emeği üzerindeki etkisine ilişkin literatürün nispeten sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de sanayinin, kadın istihdamı üzerindeki etkisi eşbütünleşme metodolojisi yardımı ile incelenmektedir. Bu bağlamda Türkiye’de 1988-2018 yılları arasında kadın istihdamı ve sanayileşme ilişkisi ARDL sınır testi ile ele alınmaktadır. Bu alanda daha önce yapılan sınırlı düzeydeki çalışmalar, Türkiye’de kadın istihdamı ile sanayileşme arasındaki ilişkinin negatif bir ilişki içerisinde olduğu sonucuna varmıştır. Çalışmamızda Türkiye’de sanayileşme, ihracat hacmi, ekonomik büyüme ve kadın istihdamı arasında uzun dönemde bir koentegrasyon ilişkisinin var olduğu görülmüştür. Diğer yandan sanayileşme ve ihracat hacminin, kadın istihdamı üzerinde uzun dönemde pozitif bir etkisinin var olduğu görülmektedir. Diğer taraftan uzun dönemde ekonomik büyümenin kadın istihdamı üzerinde negatif bir etkisinin mevcut olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
KİTAP İNCELEMESİ: SANAT TARİHİ ÖĞRETMENİNİN EL KİTABI
Authors: DİPEVLİLER Burak
Published: December 2021

Cumhuriyetin ilanından bu yana çeşitli branşlar içerisinde yer alan eğitimcilere yönelik öğretmen el kitabı formatında eserlerin yayınlandığı bilinmektedir. Bunlar arasında bir sahafın online kataloğundan elde edilen Sanat Tarihi Öğretmeninin El Kitabı ilginç yapısıyla dikkat çekmektedir.
Pelatihan Pengenalan dan Pemanfaatan Media Sosial Untuk Meningkatkan Penjualan Hasil Hidroponik Karang Taruna dan Warga RW 03 Desa Sumber Jaya, Kecamatan Tambun Selatan, Kabupaten Bekasi
Authors: Ramadhayanti Ana , Asmadi Iwan , Zahra  , Yulianah
Published: December 2021

The current era of digitization is known as the digital era 4.0. It is said that the digital era is due to the massive use of the internet in the community. But unfortunately not a few people can see the opportunity to use internet services is a potential market to market the products and services they produce. So we from the TEAM of the Faculty of Economics, University of Bina Sarana Informatika, carried out Community Service activities in the form of Training on Introduction and Utilization of Social Media to Increase Sales of Hydroponic Products for Youth and Youth RW 03 Sumber Jaya Village, Tambun Selatan District, Bekasi Regency with the aim of encouraging and improving the abilities of the Karang Taruna youth and residents of Sumber Jaya Village who are now able to produce hydroponic vegetables, so that they can develop their business by increasing sales through social media. Since the Covid-19 outbreak, which was followed up with PSBB and PPKM, it has had an impact on traders and entrepreneurs in increasing their product sales, as well as hydroponic agricultural products pioneered by youth organizations and residents of RW 03 Sumber Jaya Village, Tambun Selatan District, Bekasi Regency. The results of this training are expected to open up the insight and knowledge of youth organizations and residents of Sumber Jaya Village in utilizing social media to increase sales of hydroponic agricultural products they manage.
What next for the studies of political science as a discipline? A tentative research agenda
Authors: BONCOURT Thibaud
Published: December 2021

This text is an edited version of the opening remarks that Thibaud Boncourt, Past President of the Research Committee 33 (The Study of Political Science as a Discipline) of the International Political Science Association (IPSA) and associate professor at University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne / Centre Européen de Sociologie et de Science Politique (CESSP), gave at the special panel “The Future of the Studies of Political Science as a Discipline” sponsored by IPSA-RC33 at the 7th international interdisciplinary conference of political research SCOPE: Science of Politics (University of Bucharest, 20-24 September 2021, www.scienceofpolitics.eu). The event was organized and hosted by the Centre for the International Cooperation and Development Studies (IDC) of the Department of Comparative Governance and European Studies, Faculty of Political Science, University of Bucharest, and gathered participants from several countries on all continents, via a virtual meeting. The aim of the panel was to contribute to the global conversation on the current state of political science as a discipline, as well as to discuss the practical means through which IPSA-RC33 can contribute to it and to support the work of political scientists worldwide. Keywords: political science as a discipline, IPSA RC33, institutionalization, de-institutionalization, autonomization, gendering, postcolonizing
Hoe beperkt is het straf(proces)recht voor jongeren met een beperking?
Authors: Kea R. , van Oppenraaij W.
Published: December 2021

Hoe beperkt is het straf(proces)recht voor jongeren met een beperking?

In dit artikel beschrijven de auteurs hoe de positie van jongeren met een licht verstandelijke beperking (LVB) in het strafrecht is geregeld. Er is wetgeving die de rechten van deze kwetsbare verdachten en gestraften vastlegt. Sinds een aantal jaar heeft de aandacht voor jongeren met LVB in de strafrechtelijke keten geleid tot een verbeterplan. Er is in de keten gewerkt aan bewustwording, signalering, communicatie en interventies. Toch is blijvende aandacht voor deze groep nodig.
Regelingen voor collectieve schade
Authors: Ruppert C.J.
Published: December 2021

Regelingen voor collectieve schade. Twee voorbeelden uit de jeugdzorg

Sinds de Tweede Wereldoorlog heeft de Nederlandse overheid allerlei collectieve schaderegelingen gemaakt. Het overgrote deel van deze schaderegelingen wordt uit de publieke middelen gefinancierd. In een onlangs verschenen onderzoek worden de 44 Nederlandse regelingen voor collectieve schade geanalyseerd. De algemene uitkomst is dat veel van deze regelingen hun doel voorbijschieten. Ze zijn niet goed doordacht en onvoldoende uitgewerkt. Ook geven ze slachtoffers lang niet altijd voldoende erkenning voor wat hun is overkomen. In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op het in het onderzoek gehanteerde beoordelingskader en op de schaderegelingen die werden ingesteld naar aanleiding van seksueel misbruik en geweld in de jeugdzorg. Geconcludeerd wordt dat hier wel geheel of gedeeltelijk gecompenseerd werd, maar dat slachtoffers slechts deels erkenning en genoegdoening kregen. In deze schaderegelingen zaten weeffouten die in de toekomst moeten worden vermeden. Algemene lessen voor de toekomst zijn om beter te luisteren en zo veel mogelijk aan te sluiten bij wat slachtoffers wensen, om de uitvoering van een collectieve schaderegeling niet louter bureaucratisch en formalistisch te doen verlopen, om ruimte te creëren waardoor uitzonderingen mogelijk zijn ten faveure van de slachtoffers, en om de uitvoering te monitoren en collectieve schaderegelingen periodiek te evalueren.
De verzekeringsplicht in de relatie tot de zzp’er. Hoe krachtig is de rem van de Hoge Raad?
Authors: Oskam P.
Published: December 2021

De verzekeringsplicht in de relatie tot de zzp’er. Hoe krachtig is de rem van de Hoge Raad? HR 17 september 2021, ECLI:NL:HR:2021:1267

Op 17 september 2021 deed de Hoge Raad uitspraak in een zaak waarin onder meer de vraag aan de orde is of de op de werkgever rustende verzekeringsplicht ook geldt ten opzichte van een zzp’er.
The impact of changing the diagnostic algorithm for TB in Manicaland, Zimbabwe
Authors: Zvinoera K. , Olaru I. D. , Khan P. , Mutsvangwa J. , Denkinger C. M. , Kampira V. , Coutinho D. , Mutunzi H. , Pepukai M. , Chikaka E. , Zinyowera S. , Mharakurwa S. , Kranzer K.
Published: December 2021

SETTING: Governmental health facilities performing TB diagnostics in Manicaland, Zimbabwe.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of making Xpert® MTB/RIF the primary TB diagnostic for all patients presenting with presumptive TB on 1) the number of samples investigated
for TB, 2) the proportion testing TB-positive, and 3) the proportion of unsuccessful results over time.DESIGN: This retrospective study used data from GeneX-pert downloads, laboratory registers and quality assurance reports between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018.RESULTS:
The total number of Xpert tests performed in Manicaland increased from 3,967 in the first quarter of 2017 to 7,011 in the last quarter of 2018. Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA was detected in 4.9–8.6% of the samples investigated using Xpert, with a higher yield in 2017 than in
2018. The overall proportion of unsuccessful Xpert assays due to “no results”, errors and invalid results was 6.3%, and highly variable across sites.CONCLUSION: Roll out of more sensitive TB diagnostics does not necessarily result in an increase of microbiologically
confirmed TB diagnosis. While the number of samples tested using Xpert increased, the proportion of TB-positive tests decreased. GeneXpert soft- and hardware infrastructure needs to be strengthened to reduce the rate of unsuccessful assays and therefore, costs and staff time.
Delivery of TB preventive therapy to incarcerated people living with HIV in southern African correctional facilities
Authors: Chimoyi L. , Smith H. , Hausler H. , Fielding K. , Hoffmann C. J. , Herce M. E. , Charalambous S.
Published: December 2021

TB preventive treatment (TPT) is recommended for high-risk and hard-to-reach populations such as incarcerated people living with HIV (PLHIV). To assess implementation of TPT delivery in correctional settings, we conducted an exploratory analysis of data from a multisite cohort study
in South Africa and Zambia. From 975 participants, 648 were screened for TB, and 409 initiated TPT mostly within a month after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (190/409, 46.5%). We observed a median gap of one month (IQR 0.6–4.7) in TPT delivery to incarcerated PLHIV. Future research
should examine standardised quality improvement tools and new strategies such as short-course regimens to improve TPT initiation in this population.
Educational counselling of patients with combined TB and diabetes mellitus: a randomised trial
Authors: Koesoemadinata R. C. , McAllister S. M. , Soetedjo N. N. M. , Santoso P. , Ruslami R. , Damayanti H. , Rahmadika N. , Alisjahbana B. , van Crevel R. , Hill P. C.
Published: December 2021

SETTING: Newly diagnosed pulmonary TB with diabetes mellitus (DM) comorbidity attending clinics in Bandung City, Indonesia.OBJECTIVE: To describe the effect of educational counselling on patients’ knowledge about TB (transmission, treatment, risk factors) and
DM (symptoms, treatment, complications, healthy lifestyle), adherence to medication, and to assess characteristics associated with knowledge.DESIGN: All patients received counselling and were then randomised to either structured education on TB-DM, combined with clinical monitoring
and medication adjustment (intervention arm), or routine care (control arm). Knowledge and adherence were assessed using a questionnaire.RESULTS: Baseline and 6-month questionnaires were available for 108 of 150 patients randomised (60/76 in the intervention arm and 48/74 in the
control arm). Patients knew less about DM than about TB. There was no significant difference in the proportion with knowledge improvement at 6 months, both for TB (difference of differences 14%; P = 0.20) or for DM (10%; P = 0.39) between arms. Intervention arm patients were
more likely to adhere to taking DM medication, with fewer patients reporting ever missing oral DM drugs than those in the control arm (23% vs. 48%; P = 0.03). Higher education level was associated with good knowledge of both TB and DM.CONCLUSIONS: Structured education did
not clearly improve patients’ knowledge. It was associated with better adherence to DM medication, but this could not be attributed to education alone. More efforts are needed to improve patients’ knowledge, especially regarding DM.
Good practices in collaboration between mainstream and special school
Authors: Bełza-Gajdzica Magdalena , Gajdzica Zenon
Published: December 2021

The study addresses an element of the support for inclusive education that can be spotted in the sphere of possible relations between mainstream and special school. This mostly aims at presenting some good practices in collaboration between these schools, identified in the author’s own research. An additional aim is to confront the collected information with the concepts and assumptions/proposals formulated in this area in the literature on the subject. The research was conducted within the project: Badanie praktyki ogólnodostępnych szkół podstawowych w zakresie edukacji włączającej [Studying the practices of mainstream primary schools in the field of inclusive education], financed by the Ministry of National Education and commissioned to the University of Silesia in Katowice in 2020. The data were collected with the use of focus group interview technique. The study group consisted of mainstream school head-teachers, teachers, specialists, non-teaching staff, students of public schools and their parents. The study comprised over two hundred respondents from forty schools. The research results reveal a limited scope of good practices in collaboration of both types of school. The greatest number of examples occurs in the area of common organization of ludic and educational events. Much fewer cases of collaboration can be spotted in the field of methodological support and of creating self-education groups in counties or municipalities.
The first part of the study is a presentation of the own research concept. The second part comprises some identified practices in collaboration between special and mainstream school, which have been confronted with a few suggestions for partnership of both these types of school presented in the literature on the subject. The whole article is completed with final conclusions.
Intellectual disability – towards the modification of theoretical contexts
Authors: Pawelczak Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

n this article, I deal with the contemporary contexts of the analysis of the intellectual disability phenomenon and the alternative proposals for theorizing presented by disability studies. I ask the question: what /who the dominant views and non-scientific alliances are for. I question the tendency to favour the medical approach in special pedagogy, which is the starting point as well as the reference point for the educational, rehabilitation, care and support practices it develops. I am not going to decide on the legitimacy of various approaches, I am aware of their historical and systemic conditions. However, I dare to ask a question about – as Miłosz Markiewicz (2017) described it – the limits of the definition of a Human. In view of the experienced diversity of human conditions, like the above-mentioned author, today I have a “problem with using the category of disability too easily” (Markiewicz, 2017, p. 23), and in particular, not often considered in relation to the methods of scientific analysis and theoretical contexts, the category of intellectual disability.
150 YEARS OF SHIP DESIGN
Authors: Andrews D
Published: December 2021

As part of writing a short article entitled “Ship Design – From Art to Science?” [1] for the Institution’s 150th anniversary celebratory volume [2], the author consulted the Institution’s centenary book by K C Barnaby [3] to get a feel for the formative first hundred years of ship design recorded in the learned papers presented to the Institution. This consultation was motivated by consideration of the papers in the first volume of the Transactions of 1860, which, surprisingly, contained no papers directly on ship design, either on ship design in general or through describing the design intent behind a specific new ship. Rather, like the very first paper by Reverend J Woolley, the remaining 1860 papers concerned themselves with what could be called the application of science (and mathematics) to the practice of naval architecture as an engineering discipline. However this initial focus broadened out in subsequent volumes of the Transactions so that both technical descriptions of significant new ship designs and, more recently, papers on the general practice of ship design have also figured, alongside the presentation of progress in the science of naval architecture.

Given that the vast bulk of ships built over this period have been designed like most buildings to a set pattern, or as we naval architects would say based on a (previous) “type ship”, those designs presented in the Institution’s Transactions, and the few other collections of learned societies’ papers, are largely on designs that have been seen to be of particular merit in their novelty and importance. Therefore this review looks at the developments in ship design by drawing on those articles in the Transactions that are design related. In doing so the papers have been conveniently broken down into the three, quite momentous, half centuries over which the Institution has existed. From this historical survey, it is then appropriate to consider how the practice of ship design may develop in the foreseeable future.
NAVAL SHIP STABILITY GUIDELINES: DEVELOPING A SHARED VISION FOR NAVAL STABILITY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Perrault D E , Hughes T , Marshall S
Published: December 2021

Surface combatants are required to operate in conditions of high military threat and be capable of deployment to any area of conflict or crisis at any time. This requirement calls for the vessel and crew to be capable of safely contending with the full range of environmental conditions that may be encountered while pursuing their primary objective. Achieving and maintaining this capability is strongly influenced by the application of naval stability standards, many of which have a common origin, based on experiences from the World War II and before. Although such standards have apparently served the navies admirably over many years, there are many reasons to question their limitations and applicability in the context of modern ship design and procurement. This paper presents the efforts to date of the Naval Stability Standards Working Group to investigate the relationship between existing intact stability standards and capsize risk with respect to frigate forms.
HISTORICAL TRAILS OF SHIP BROACHING-TO
Authors: Spyrou K J
Published: December 2021

The article intends to bring back to light old perceptions about the “broaching-to” behaviour of ships. The signature of broaching-to is the sudden loss of controllability. The phenomenon sometimes ends with vessel capsize. The findings of an investigation into old bibliographical sources are reported, spanning more than 300 years of use of the term. Several citations have been identified in texts of nautical or related content, including voyagers’ records, nautical journals, training manuals, old encyclopaedias and even literary sources and leisure magazines. At a time when broaching-to is considered in the currently formulated new ship stability criteria at IMO, this paper provides a historical perspective on a problem that has maintained relevance despite the changes in ship technology and design.
A SOURCE OF PROPELLER EXCITED BROADBAND VIBRATION ON A HIGH-SPEED TWIN SCREW SHIP
Authors: English J W
Published: December 2021

The cause of the severe propeller excited broadband vibration on a twin screw ship’s stern was investigated in a cavitation tunnel using conventional modelling methods. At first sight the results did not indicate anything untoward about the stern and propeller designs tested, apart from some unusual cavitation patterns in the propellers’ slipstreams. The fluctuating pressure levels on the model hull varied considerably depending on the propeller designs and loading conditions used in the tests, but these did not provide an explanation for the vibration on the ship. Some unusual patterns in the relative levels of the harmonic pressures on the stern were noticed in addition to the presence of a large cavitation disturbance in a propeller trailing vortex that was captured in a single frame of a video recording. This latter observation led to a plausible explanation for the broadband vibration on the ship’s stern.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY ON PROGRESSIVE FLOODING IN FULL-SCALE
Authors: Ruponen P , Kurvinen P , Saisto I , Harras J
Published: December 2021

A series of full-scale flooding tests was performed with a decommissioned fast attack craft. Various flooding scenarios were investigated and the floating position and progress of the floodwater were carefully measured. Also air compression inside a flooded tank was studied. The results were used to validate a state-of-the-art numerical flooding simulation tool. A comprehensive analysis of the experimental and numerical results is presented. A good correlation is found, especially when the applied permeabilities and discharge coefficients are properly selected. Finally, the stability of the flooded ship was studied by comparing the results of an inclining experiment and calculations with the lost buoyancy method.
THE TRANSIENT EFFECTS OF FLOOD WATER ON A WARSHIP IN CALM WATER IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING DAMAGE
Authors: Macfarlane G J , Renilson M R , Turner T
Published: December 2021

The safety of a ship which is damaged below the waterline will depend on the way water floods into the internal compartments. The water will cause the ship to take on an angle of heel and trim which will further affect the flooding into the compartments. The ship’s equilibrium position in calm water can be predicted using hydrostatic theory, however at present it is difficult to predict the transient behaviour between the initial upright position of the ship and its final equilibrium. In some cases, the transient motion may cause a capsize prior to a possible equilibrium position being reached.

This paper describes an investigation of this phenomenon using a model of a warship with simplified, typical internal geometry. With the model initially stationary, a rapid damage event was generated, and the global motions measured, along with the water levels in some of the internal compartments, as functions of time. Immediately after the damage occurred the model rolled to starboard (towards the damage). It then rolled to port (away from the damage) before eventually returning to starboard and settling at its equilibrium value. In all the tests conducted the equilibrium heel angle was less than that reached during the initial roll to starboard. This implies that the roll damping, and the way in which the water floods into the model immediately following the damage, could both have a very important influence on the likelihood of survival.
SOLAS 2009 STABILITY REQUIREMENTS: IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Dodman J
Published: December 2021

January 2009 saw the introduction of substantial changes to SOLAS, commonly referred to as SOLAS 2009. Not only have significant parts of Chapter II-1 completely changed, but so have the methodologies for assessing survivability of certain ship types.

This paper provides an overview of some of the main topics and how Lloyd’s Register is adapting to provide necessary industry solutions and support, immediately and into the future. It provides an insight into the probabilistic requirements, our approval processes, developments and our participation in defining industry standards.

It is evident in this paper that the discussions predominantly revolve around passenger ships. This is due to their complexity and the conflict between the new regulations for survivability assessment moving from a restrained deterministic requirement to a risk-based probabilistic solution. It also highlights real issues over the difficulties of implementing this methodology. This conflict in overall design is less pronounced for dry cargo ships, which did not have to comply with a general damage stability standard until 1992 when the probabilistic concept was introduced for dry cargo ships only. Under SOLAS 2009, a modified requirement has been implemented. However, the fundamental issues remain the same.
SHAFT LOADS ON AZIMUTH PROPULSORS IN OBLIQUE FLOW AND WAVES
Authors: Amini H , Steen S
Published: December 2021

A range of model experiments have been carried out in calm water and waves for an oil spill vessel model with twin tractor azimuth thrusters at different heading angles and advance coefficients in the large towing tank at the Marine Technology Centre in Trondheim, Norway. Propeller shaft bending loads have been measured using a shaft dynamometer capable of measuring all shaft side force and bending moment components as well as propeller torque and thrust. The results include the loads on the propeller shaft with and without the presence of a ship hull model at the same heading angles and advance velocities in order to study the wake influence from the ship hull on the hydrodynamic loads. Results show that the ship hull wake has a much stronger effect on the propeller loads when the propeller is azimuthed outward from the ship hull centreline than inward. Measurements from the experiments in waves are also presented for the same thruster model in a straight-line course for both the head and following sea states under different wave conditions. Larger bending loads are found in head sea conditions compared with the following sea conditions. Generally it is found that the shaft bending loads and lateral forces are quite large, which is important to consider in the mechanical design layout and for dimensioning of components.
MARINE REQUIREMENTS ELUCIDATION AND THE NATURE OF PRELIMINARY SHIP DESIGN
Authors: Andrews D
Published: December 2021

In 2003 the author produced a paper, entitled “Marine Design – Requirements Elucidation rather than Requirements Engineering”, for the 8th International Marine Design Conference. This was intended to follow on from van Griethuysen’s 2000 IMDC paper “Marine Design – Can Systems Engineering Cope?”, while drawing on the author’s recent experience in, firstly, directing and then being the MoD Future Surface Combatant (FSC) IPT Team Leader in the concept phase for that programme, where the intentions of Smart Procurement were applied. Since leaving the MoD in 2000, the author’s academic endeavours, at UCL, have both refined the ideas in the 2003 paper and, through a diverse range of ship design studies, provided further substantial evidence in favour of that paper’s argument. The current paper was originally presented to the first Institution conference on systems engineering. This is a revised version in the light of the discussion at that conference on the applicability of systems engineering practice to initial ship design and presents the arguments of both papers to a wider audience.

The current paper looks at the origins of the concept of Requirements Engineering, within systems engineering, when specifically applied to naval engineering acquisition practice. This is contrasted with consideration of the actual nature of the initial design of physically large and complex systems, typified by modern naval vessels. This is followed by drawing specific insights from a series of design studies undertaken by the UCL Design Research Centre, under the direction of the author. These diverse and wide ranging initial design studies can be seen as examples of the sophistication of Requirements Elucidation, exemplifying how systems engineering practice can be applied to the critical early stages of naval ship design. The paper concludes by looking at the characteristics of the initial or concept design process by seeing Requirements Elucidation, as the strategy to tackle the inherently “wicked problem” of determining what is really wanted of a naval vessel and what can be afforded.
OFFSHORE AND COASTAL FLOATING HOTELS: FLOTELS
Authors: Lamas M , Carral L
Published: December 2021

This paper considers the structures used today in the maritime and ocean industries to accommodate people in semi- permanent accommodation at sea: the floating hotels, or flotels. They have mainly been developed to support the activities of the offshore oil & gas industry, although in coastal areas they are widely used for several purposes, mainly as commercial hotels, but with a quite different philosophy of use. The objective of the paper is to show how the term flotel is used to denominate very different craft that, while serving the same purpose (provide floating accommodation), have a totally different configuration according to the place where they are located: in protected waters in coastal areas (where the craft are sometimes called coastels), in benign and shallow waters of the open ocean or in the harsh environments of deep waters, etc.
NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF 2D AND 3D SLAMMING PROBLEMS
Authors: Yang Q , Qiu W
Published: December 2021

Slamming forces on 2D and 3D bodies have been computed based on a CIP method. The highly nonlinear water entry problem governed by the Navier-Stokes equations was solved by a CIP based finite difference method on a fixed Cartesian grid. In the computation, a compact upwind scheme was employed for the advection calculations and a pressure-based algorithm was applied to treat the multiple phases. The free surface and the body boundaries were captured using density functions. For the pressure calculation, a Poisson-type equation was solved at each time step by the conjugate gradient iterative method.

Validation studies were carried out for 2D wedges with various deadrise angles ranging from 0 to 60 degrees at constant vertical velocity. In the cases of wedges with small deadrise angles, the compressibility of air between the bottom of the wedge and the free surface was modelled. Studies were also extended to 3D bodies, such as a sphere, a cylinder and a catamaran, entering calm water. Computed pressures, free surface elevations and hydrodynamic forces were compared with experimental data and the numerical solutions by other methods.
STATIC STABILITY OF AERODYNAMICALLY SUPPORTED PLATFORMS MOVING ABOVE WATER
Authors: Matveev K I
Published: December 2021

The motion stability is the most important problem of high-speed marine vehicles that utilize aerodynamic support. A simplified analysis and calculations of longitudinal static stability of several basic platforms moving above water are carried out in this study. The analysis is based on the extreme ground effect theory and the assumption of hydrostatic deformations of the water surface. Effects of the underlying surface type, Froude number, and several geometrical parameters on main aerodynamic characteristics, including the static stability margin, are presented. If the underlying surface is water instead of a rigid plane, the static stability worsens for platforms with flat or S-shaped lower surfaces, but it slightly improves for a horizontal platform with a flap. The static stability margin remains positive for S-shaped profiles at sufficiently low Froude numbers, while it is negative for other configurations.
OFFSHORE AND COASTAL FLOATING HOTELS: FLOTELS
Authors: Lamas M , Carral L
Published: December 2021

I should like to describe the Compact Semi-Submersible (CSS) vessel which was conceived as a vessel with the scope and capabilities of much larger vessels at half the cost.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVED EFFICIENCY AND REDUCED CO2 EMISSIONS IN DRY BULK SHIPPING STEMMING FROM THE RELAXATION OF THE PANAMAX BEAM CONSTRAINT
Authors: Stott P W , Wright P N H
Published: December 2021

In 2014 the Panama Canal Authority is scheduled to bring into commission new locks that will eliminate the long standing Panamax beam constraint of 32.2m. The expansion of the canal is aimed at increased capacity for container transits but will clearly have consequences for all types of vessel. There is an emerging demand for dry bulk carriers that are larger than the current Panamax limit of around 85,000 dwt but smaller than the Capesize class of around 160,000 dwt and the expansion of the canal will facilitate this development. Larger vessels will permit economies of scale and greater efficiency in the dry bulk shipping sector compared to what is currently possible with conventional Panamax ships. The relaxation of the constraint will additionally permit the development of more efficient hull forms than is possible within the existing beam constraint and the expansion of the Panama Canal’s locks will therefore (eventually) contribute directly to the reduction of CO2 produced by dry bulk shipping. The use of the Panamax constraint is far wider than the dry bulk sector, however, and the potential for reduction in carbon emissions for other sectors currently constrained to 32.2m beam is recommended for further study to evaluate the total carbon reduction ‘windfall’ that could result from the expansion of the Canal.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF GEOMETRY AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS ON THE COLLAPSE BEHAVIOUR OF STOCKY STIFFENED PANELS
Authors: Xu M C , Guedes Soares C
Published: December 2021

This study aims at studying different configurations of the stiffened panels in order to identify robust configurations that would not be much sensitive to the imprecision in boundary conditions that can exist in experimental set ups. A numerical study is conducted to analyze the influence of the stiffener’s geometry and boundary conditions on the ultimate strength of stiffened panels under uniaxial compression. The stiffened panels with different combinations of mechanical material properties and geometric configurations are considered. The four types of stiffened panels analysed are made of mild or high tensile steel and have bar, ‘L’ and ‘U’ stiffeners. To understand the effect of finite element modelling on the ultimate strength of the stiffened panels, four types of FE models are investigated in FE analysis including 3 bays, 1/2+1+1/2 bays, 1+1 bays and 1 bay with different boundary conditions.
ON THE MACRO HYDRODYNAMIC DESIGN OF HIGHLY EFFICIENT MEDIUM- SPEED CATAMARANS WITH MINIMUM RESISTANCE
Authors: Haase M , Binns J , Thomas G , Bose N , Davidson G , Friezer S
Published: December 2021

A new class of fuel-efficient and environmentally friendly twin-hull vessels is currently under development. Compared to high-speed catamarans, a significant reduction in speed combined with an increase in deadweight tonnes will lead to a highly efficient medium-speed catamaran design. Recently-built conventional and high-speed ferries are compared to each other in terms of length, speed, deadweight and transport efficiency to classify the new design. The goal of this study is to find a preliminary macro design point for minimum total resistance by considering the main particulars of the catamaran vessel: block coefficient, prismatic coefficient and slenderness and separation ratios of the demihulls. Publications containing recommendations towards the optimum hull form parameters for moderate Froude numbers are reviewed and existing experimental data analysed to identify parameters for this new class of vessel. Designs with varied L/BOA-ratios and constant deck area are compared to find configurations of low total resistance for carrying a nominated deadweight at a particular speed, the associated change of the light ship weight has been taken into account. Two different model test series of catamaran models have been considered and their resistance curves agreed to each other. Recommendations are made; with the most important being the vessel should not exceed a speed of Fr = 0.35, with optimal prismatic coefficients around CP ≈ 0.5 and low transom immersion. This study presents the preliminary design of medium-speed single and twin-hull vessels for operations close to hump speed.