bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two cases of spatial transformations
Authors: Silveirinha Mário G. , Giovampaola Cristian Della , Engheta Nader
Published: July 2015

Here, we give an overview of our work on two topics related to the theme of spatial transformations in wave theory, namely the concepts of transformation electronics and ‘digital’ metamaterials. In the first topic, we show that the notion of transformation optics can be extended to other physical phenomena such as tailoring the effective mass of charged carriers, e.g. electrons, in specially designed semiconductor superlattices. We discuss how the combination of thin layers of electronic materials with different effective mass of electrons may lead to bulk composite structures in which the effective mass of electrons may exhibit extreme anisotropy. For the second case, we show that any desired electromagnetic permittivity can, in principle, be engineered with proper combinations of two deeply subwavelength building blocks with relative permittivity values whose real parts have opposite signs. Owing to the presence of a plasmonic resonance between the two building blocks with oppositely signed dielectric constants, the achieved effective relative permittivity for the bulk composite may have values outside the range defined by the two permittivity values of the building blocks. We discuss some of the salient features of these two spatial transformation phenomena.
Transformation optics beyond the manipulation of light trajectories
Authors: Ginis Vincent , Tassin Philippe
Published: July 2015

Since its inception in 2006, transformation optics has become an established tool to understand and design electromagnetic systems. It provides a geometrical perspective into the properties of light waves without the need for a ray approximation. Most studies have focused on modifying the trajectories of light rays, e.g. beam benders, lenses, invisibility cloaks, etc. In this contribution, we explore transformation optics beyond the manipulation of light trajectories. With a few well-chosen examples, we demonstrate that transformation optics can be used to manipulate electromagnetic fields up to an unprecedented level. In the first example, we introduce an electromagnetic cavity that allows for deep subwavelength confinement of light. The cavity is designed with transformation optics even though the concept of trajectory ceases to have any meaning in a structure as small as this cavity. In the second example, we show that the properties of Cherenkov light emitted in a transformation-optical material can be understood and modified from simple geometric considerations. Finally, we show that optical forces—a quadratic function of the fields—follow the rules of transformation optics too. By applying a folded coordinate transformation to a pair of waveguides, optical forces can be enhanced just as if the waveguides were closer together. With these examples, we open up an entirely new spectrum of devices that can be conceived using transformation optics.
Metasurfaces for general transformations of electromagnetic fields
Authors: Tretyakov S. A.
Published: July 2015

In this review paper I discuss electrically thin composite layers, designed to perform desired operations on applied electromagnetic fields. Starting from a historical overview and based on a general classification of metasurfaces, I give an overview of possible functionalities of the most general linear metasurfaces. The review is concluded with a short research outlook discussion.
Phylogenetic effective sample size
Authors: Bartoszek Krzysztof
Published: July 2015

In this paper I address the question —how large is a phylogenetic sample?I propose a definition of a phylogenetic effective sample size for Brownian motion and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes — theregression effective sample size. I discuss how mutual information can be used to define an effective sample size in the non-normal process case and compare these two definitions to an already present concept of effective sample size (the mean effective sample size). Through a simulation study I find that the AICcis robust if one corrects for the number of species or effective number of species. Lastly I discuss how the concept of the phylogenetic effective sample size can be useful for biodiversity quantification, identification of interesting clades and deciding on the importance of phylogenetic correlations.
The genetic basis of cone serotiny inPinus contortaas a function of mixed-severity and stand-replacement fire regimes
Authors: Feduck Mike , Henry Philippe , Winder Richard , Dunn David , Alfaro René , vanAkker Lara , Hawkes Brad
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Wildfires and mountain pine beetle (MPB) attacks are important contributors to the development of stand structure in lodgepole pine, and major drivers of its evolution. The historical pattern of these events have been correlated with variation in cone serotiny (possessing cones that remain closed and retain seeds until opened by fire) across the Rocky Mountain region of Western North America. As climate change brings about a marked increase in the size, intensity, and severity of our wildfires, it is becoming increasingly important to study the genetic basis of serotiny as an adaptation to wildfire. Knowledge gleaned from these studies would have direct implications for forest management in the future, and for the future. In this study, we collected physical data and DNA samples from 122 trees of two different areas in the IDF-dk of British Columbia; multi-cohort stands (Cariboo-Chilcotin) with a history of mixed-severity fire and frequent MPB disturbances, and single-cohort stands (Logan Lake) with a history of stand replacing (crown) fire and infrequent MPB disturbances. We used QuantiNemo to construct simulated populations of lodgepole pine at five different growth rates, and compared the statistical outputs to physical data, then ran a random forest analysis to shed light on sources of variation in serotiny. We also sequenced 39 SNPs, of which 23 failed or were monomorphic. The 16 informative SNPs were used to calculate HOand HE, which were included alongside genotypes for a second random forest analysis. Our best random forest model explained 33% of variation in serotiny, using simulation and physical variables. Our results highlight the need for more investigation into this matter, using more extensive approaches, and also consideration of alternative methods of heredity such as epigenetics.
CaV3.2 calcium channels control NMDA receptor-mediated transmission: a new mechanism for absence epilepsy
Authors: Wang Guangfu , Bochorishvili Genrieta , Chen Yucai , Salvati Kathryn A. , Zhang Peng , Dubel Steve J. , Perez-Reyes Edward , Snutch Terrance P. , Stornetta Ruth L. , Deisseroth Karl , Erisir Alev , Todorovic Slobodan M. , Luo Jian-Hong , Kapur Jaideep , Beenhakker Mark P. , Zhu J. Julius
Published: July 2015

CaV3.2 T-type calcium channels, encoded by CACNA1H, are expressed throughout the brain, yet their general function remains unclear. We discovered that CaV3.2 channels control NMDA-sensitive glutamatergic receptor (NMDA-R)-mediated transmission and subsequent NMDA-R-dependent plasticity of AMPA-R-mediated transmission at rat central synapses. Interestingly, functional CaV3.2 channels primarily incorporate into synapses, replace existing CaV3.2 channels, and can induce local calcium influx to control NMDA transmission strength in an activity-dependent manner. Moreover, human childhood absence epilepsy (CAE)-linked hCaV3.2(C456S) mutant channels have a higher channel open probability, induce more calcium influx, and enhance glutamatergic transmission. Remarkably, cortical expression of hCaV3.2(C456S) channels in rats induces 2- to 4-Hz spike and wave discharges and absence-like epilepsy characteristic of CAE patients, which can be suppressed by AMPA-R and NMDA-R antagonists but not T-type calcium channel antagonists. These results reveal an unexpected role of CaV3.2 channels in regulating NMDA-R-mediated transmission and a novel epileptogenic mechanism for human CAE.
Fibroblast growth factor signaling in skeletal development and disease
Authors: Ornitz David M. , Marie Pierre J.
Published: July 2015

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways are essential regulators of vertebrate skeletal development. FGF signaling regulates development of the limb bud and formation of the mesenchymal condensation and has key roles in regulating chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and bone and mineral homeostasis. This review updates our review on FGFs in skeletal development published in Genes & Development in 2002, examines progress made on understanding the functions of the FGF signaling pathway during critical stages of skeletogenesis, and explores the mechanisms by which mutations in FGF signaling molecules cause skeletal malformations in humans. Links between FGF signaling pathways and other interacting pathways that are critical for skeletal development and could be exploited to treat genetic diseases and repair bone are also explored.
The oncogenic BRD4-NUT chromatin regulator drives aberrant transcription within large topological domains
Authors: Alekseyenko Artyom A. , Walsh Erica M. , Wang Xin , Grayson Adlai R. , Hsi Peter T. , Kharchenko Peter V. , Kuroda Mitzi I. , French Christopher A.
Published: July 2015

NUT midline carcinoma (NMC), a subtype of squamous cell cancer, is one of the most aggressive human solid malignancies known. NMC is driven by the creation of a translocation oncoprotein, BRD4-NUT, which blocks differentiation and drives growth of NMC cells. BRD4-NUT forms distinctive nuclear foci in patient tumors, which we found correlate with ∼100 unprecedented, hyperacetylated expanses of chromatin that reach up to 2 Mb in size. These “megadomains” appear to be the result of aberrant, feed-forward loops of acetylation and binding of acetylated histones that drive transcription of underlying DNA in NMC patient cells and naïve cells induced to express BRD4-NUT. Megadomain locations are typically cell lineage-specific; however, the cMYC and TP63 regions are targeted in all NMCs tested and play functional roles in tumor growth. Megadomains appear to originate from select pre-existing enhancers that progressively broaden but are ultimately delimited by topologically associating domain (TAD) boundaries. Therefore, our findings establish a basis for understanding the powerful role played by large-scale chromatin organization in normal and aberrant lineage-specific gene transcription.
An analysis on EEG power spectrum under pressure of girdle
Authors: Liu Yunjuan , Chen Dongsheng
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The pressure exerted on the body by clothes is one important factor affecting the comfort of clothing, it is an effective method to evaluate pressure comfort by physiology and psychology. The purpose of this paper is to measure, electroencephalography (EEG), an index of brain activity in order to examine the effect on brain activity conditions caused by oppression exerted by clothing on the body.

Design/methodology/approach

– EEG power spectrum analysis was conduct to verify the electrophysiological characteristic of brain caused by pressure on the body by girdle.

Findings

– Experimental results showed that the intensity of α waves in the pressure condition is decreased compared to the non-pressure condition, and the somatosensory activated by pressure of girdle mainly in occipital, frontal and parietal region of brain.

Originality/value

– It was clarified that it is impossible to evaluate the clothes pressure by physiological technique of EEG, this study has enriched methods of evaluation pressure comfort.
Research on the surface of multilayer weft knitted fabrics using computer simulation
Authors: Jin Lanming , Jiang Gaoming
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– Multilayer weft knitted fabrics possess many advantages, such as strongly stereoscopic patterns, soft handling and adjustable thickness of apparel and home textiles use. However, it is difficult to predict the final visual effects before the productive process because of the three-dimensional (3D) effect caused by the connecting yarn of the fabric. The purpose of this paper is to realize a realistic simulation of the fabric.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors applied to the curve and surface model to simulate the knitted fabric, instead of previous single loop model by NURBS. Macro simulation is more suitable for the fabric with the 3D effect because of the quick, real and convenient simulation. This research includes experiments on the structural parameters concerning the regular sag of multilayer weft knitted fabrics, and analysis of parameter data and the simulation process with the aim of realizing a computer simulation of the fabric, especially with a sense of reality. The Digital Elevation Model was also applied to build a simulated 3D model.

Findings

– To obtain the values for the change rules, different samples were used and the outputs of the model were found to be close to the experimental results. The thickest and thinnest lengths and the changing curves between them were established. Patterned simple multilayer weft knitted fabric could be simulated through the results of the research. It is possible to simulate different real fabrics using their materials and expected effects. The authors are going to improve the model to simulate the complicate large-scale jacquard fabrics in further research.

Practical implications

– The results will be useful for establishing a computer surface simulation system for stereo perception of fabrics.

Originality/value

– The authors put forward the concept of surface warpage degree (R). It is an important factor affecting the fabric stereo feeling. The larger the value of R, the stronger the stereo sense of the fabric. It could be applied to most 3D fabric. A thickness difference testing method was proposed to characterize the stereo perception of fabrics. It is possible to simulate different real fabrics quickly without the model of the woven loop.
Temperature changes of plain cotton fabric during liquid absorption process
Authors: Zhu Guocheng , Kremenakova Dana , Wang Yan , Militky Jiri
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– Clothing comfort has been one important and complex area which is the result of a balanced process of heat and moisture/liquid exchange between the human body, the clothing system and the environment. And the clothes will represent different properties when they are in different conditions, which have great influence on human comfort. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the hygroscopicity-exothermicity property of plain cotton fabric.

Design/methodology/approach

– A real-time testing device for monitoring the temperature change of cotton fabrics after adsorbing liquids was constructed, and serveral liuqids such as water, NaCl solution with different concentrations, NaOH solution with different concentrations, and urea solution with different concentrations were used in this work.

Findings

– It was found out that absorption of liquids by cotton fabric was followed by the liberation of heat, which increased the temperature of cotton fabric as well as the temperature of surrounding environment, and the process of temperature increase was much shorter than the process of temperature decrease. In addition, the released heat energy were different according to different liquids as well as the concentrations of liquid solutions.

Originality/value

– There have some studies in the heat of water/vapor sorption of textiles. Here the temperature changes of surrounding environment and fabric after absorbing different liquids were real-time observed and recorded.
Designing a framework for integrating environment management with drivers of economic performance
Authors: Ranjan Rashmi , Das Niladri
Published: July 2015

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to integrate drivers of economic performance with environmental management aspects and core managerial functions of the Indian coal mining industry.

Design/methodology/approach

For this research paper, primary and secondary data have been used. The primary data were collected through a questionnaire survey which was distributed in the four subsidiaries of Coal India Limited. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were tested by appropriate statistical techniques. Further, one-sample t-test and multiple linear regression analysis have been used for data analysis.

Findings

Testing of hypotheses reveals that there is a high level of integration of environmental management aspects with the seven core managerial functions, namely, production process, distribution process, beneficiation process, quality issues, stakeholders’ interest, health and safety and corporate strategy. Further, the paper identified that there is a positive association between integration of environmental aspects with core functions and the four drivers of economic performance and it is strongly associated with societal-related and risk-related drivers of economic performance. But it is less strongly associated with image-related and efficiency-related drivers of economic performance.

Research limitations/implications

This paper focuses on integrating the environmental management and core functions with key drivers of economic performance in coal mining industry which is one of the most polluting industries of the world. The limitation of the paper is that it is very specific and limited to the coal mining industry.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the existing work by designing a framework which identifies the key drivers of economic performance and integrating it with the environmental management system of the organisation.
Distributed mashups: a collaborative approach to data integration
Authors: Trinh Tuan-Dat , Wetz Peter , Do Ba-Lam , Kiesling Elmar , Tjoa A Min
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to present a collaborative mashup platform for dynamic integration of heterogeneous data sources. The platform encourages sharing and connects data publishers, integrators, developers and end users.

Design/methodology/approach

– This approach is based on a visual programming paradigm and follows three fundamental principles: openness, connectedness and reusability. The platform is based on semantic Web technologies and the concept of linked widgets, i.e. semantic modules that allow users to access, integrate and visualize data in a creative and collaborative manner.

Findings

– The platform can effectively tackle data integration challenges by allowing users to explore relevant data sources for different contexts, tackling the data heterogeneity problem and facilitating automatic data integration, easing data integration via simple operations and fostering reusability of data processing tasks.

Research limitations/implications

– This research has focused exclusively on conceptual and technical aspects so far; a comprehensive user study, extensive performance and scalability testing is left for future work.

Originality/value

– A key contribution of this paper is the concept of distributed mashups. These ad hoc data integration applications allow users to perform data processing tasks in a collaborative and distributed manner simultaneously on multiple devices. This approach requires no server infrastructure to upload data, but rather allows each user to keep control over their data and expose only relevant subsets. Distributed mashups can run persistently in the background and are hence ideal for real-time data monitoring or data streaming use cases. Furthermore, we introduce automatic mashup composition as an innovative approach based on an explicit semantic widget model.
What catalyses mobile apps usage intention: an empirical analysis
Authors: Hew Jun-Jie , Lee Voon-Hsien , Ooi Keng-Boon , Wei June
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– Considering the lack of understanding of the mobile applications (mobile apps) market and low usage rates among Malaysians, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) was adapted to investigate the determinants of consumer behavioural intention (BI) to use mobile apps.

Design/methodology/approach

– A total of 288 sample data was collected and analysed using partial least square equation modelling (PLS-SEM) method.

Findings

– All of UTAUT2 constructs (i.e. performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, and habit), except for price value and social influence, significantly relate with BI to use mobile applications. Habit was reported to have the strongest influence. Gender and educational level were found to be insignificant moderators.

Practical implications

– Mobile application developers could have better understanding on users’ needs and intention, based on the findings.

Originality/value

– In order to shed light on current problems, and there is a dearth in relevant studies which could resolve the issue, this paper contributes the necessary knowledge on mobile apps acceptance to developers. Educational level was added into UTAUT2 as a moderator in addition to gender.
A unified framework for incorporating decision making into explanations of business failure
Authors: Amankwah-Amoah Joseph
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine how decision-maker attributes unfold to precipitate organisational failure. The analysis brings to light how key attributes such as information-processing capabilities and human capital decay interact to bring about business decline and exit.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study is based on an integrated review and conceptualisation of the literature.

Findings

– The study articulates how a set of attributes of decision makers, i.e. human capital obsolescence, powerlessness, meaninglessness and institutional linkages, contributes to organisational failure.

Research limitations/implications

– The paper concludes by setting out an array of strategies of learning from others’ failures.

Originality/value

– In spite of a growing body of research on organisational failure, scholars have placed overwhelming emphasis on ecological explanations and business failure prediction models. The study moves beyond the ecological explanations to offer a more fine-grained analysis of firm-level factors that precipitate business failure.
A review of literature exploring the possible causes of abuse and neglect in adult residential care
Authors: Hutchison Andrew , Stenfert Kroese Biza
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic review of empirical research, which explores possible causal and risk factors linked to abuse or neglect in residential care facilities.

Design/methodology/approach

– Electronic database searches were conducted to identify and synthesise studies reporting on empirical research aimed at exploring causal and/or risk factors associated with abuse or neglect in adult residential care services. Sample characteristics, design characteristics and outcome data were extracted from each paper. This information was then collated and summarised. Each study was evaluated using Sale and Brazil’s (2004), cross-paradigm framework of trustworthiness and rigour.

Findings

– In all, 17 papers, reporting on 15 separate research studies, met the inclusion criteria for this review. Results revealed that research in this area has utilised a diverse range of methodological approaches to explore abuse and/or neglect within the context of residential services for older adults and adults with learning disabilities. Possible causal and risk factors identified were separated into those that operated at a cultural or organisational/environmental level and those that operated at an individual or interpersonal level.

Originality/value

– While there are limitations associated with presenting a review of such a diverse group of studies, this paper presents a valuable synthesis of the empirically derived causal and risk factors linked to the abuse and neglect of adults in care. Additionally, readers are able to obtain a comprehensive overview of the quality of empirical research in this area. Finally, a number of applied implications and future research directions are highlighted, which may contribute to the development of further research and ultimately to improvements in residential care standards and a reduction in future instances of abuse and neglect.
A mixed method analysis of the Better Business Bureau’s third-party seal and the extent to which it inculcates trust among consumers
Authors: West John Lee
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The paper aims to answer the central question: to what extent does the Better Business Bureau (BBB)’s policy of providing a third-party seal inculcate consumer trust from consumers to BBB-accredited business members?

Design/methodology/approach

– For this mixed-methods study, the qualitative section used a phenomenological approach with three focus groups of consumers and business owners. The quantitative section utilized binary logistic regression from consumer survey data conducted in Colorado. Additionally, document analysis was conducted to understand BBB history and policy details.

Findings

– Consumers who notice the BBB logo are 4.7 times more likely to trust a real estate sales business than if they do not notice the BBB logo. Furthermore, consumers who notice the BBB logo are 17 times more likely to trust an auto and boat sales business when they notice the BBB logo.

Research limitations/implications

– A main limitation of the study was the inconclusive data that appeared between the qualitative and quantitative data regarding the impact of the BBB seal and trusting home service industries. Researchers are encouraged to further explore how the BBB logo affects trust with home service businesses.

Practical implications

– The BBB logo retains potency as a proof source of trust in the marketplace. However, the BBB is less relevant to the millennial generation. The BBB should explore ways to incorporate technology through social media and Internet applications.

Originality/value

– This work has value as the only mixed-method study on this topic, and these findings add to the body of marketing literature by Kimery and McCord, Cook and Luo and Garrett.
Competencies for public library managers: diversity in practice
Authors: Wilkins Jordan Mary
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to identify competencies in common across public library managers.

Design/methodology/approach

– The request for public library managers to participate in this survey was posted to the public listserve. Participants were asked about the tasks they do regularly, to identify the skills currently seen as most important in their work. They were then given a list of competencies, and asked to identify those they felt were most important for current public library managers, for those in future managers.

Findings

– Some commonalities emerged, but there was not a substantial amount of overlap between skills identified by directors and non-director managers as important now or into the future.

Research limitations/implications

– Further research into managerial competencies focussed on specific job titles is necessary to see what kinds of skills each may value. Likewise, a broader look at public library managers may provide a better set of common competencies that will be useful for both training and hiring.

Practical implications

– Understanding strategies for managerial competencies will be useful in building successful training programs.

Social implications

– Learning in this study that it will be challenging to carry out training relevant to all types of public library managers is useful; instead it can be tailored to different levels of managers for more success.

Originality/value

– This is an original study, building on other work the author has carried out. The value is in understanding the real needs of managers, not just anecdotal stories.
Evaluating a “healthy minds” course for asylum seekers
Authors: Jackson-Blott Kim Alexandra , O'Ceallaigh Brian , Wiltshire Karen , Hunt Sarah
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the addition of a “resilience-focused” Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)-based psycho-educational course for asylum seekers within a primary care Increasing Access to Psychological Therapy (IAPT) service.

Design/methodology/approach

– Eight asylum seekers who attended the “Healthy Minds” psycho-educational course took part in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis to gain insight into participants’ experiences of attending the course.

Findings

– Five main themes emerged: factors promoting engagement; acquiring coping skills; connecting with personal strengths; connecting with others; and future support. Overall, positive feedback from the course participants suggests that the intervention was effective and well received.

Research limitations/implications

– The sample’s heterogeneity and size, as well as potential biases, limit the generalisability of the findings. Future research is therefore needed to confirm these findings and additional areas for further enquiry are considered.

Practical implications

– The group-based intervention provided a cost-effective and culturally relevant means of promoting social inclusion, whilst disseminating psycho-educational material.

Social implications

– Good practice in this area is important and timely. The success of this intervention indicates that future collaborations between IAPT services and community organisations which support people seeking asylum, should be explored.

Originality/value

– This study is valuable as it demonstrates that a non-specialist IAPT service has the ability to provide an effective low intensity psycho-educational intervention for people seeking asylum.
A day in the life of a peer support worker: Graham
Authors: Watson Emma
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to describe the experience of being a peer support worker by drawing reflections from a working day.

Design/methodology/approach

– This is a reflexive account of a person experience written from the peer support worker’s own perspective.

Findings

– Reflections focus on the “non-directive” element of peer support and the danger of making assumptions when supporting others and working with staff.

Originality/value

– While the research evidence for peer support continues to grow, there are few first person accounts of the experience of peer support working.
Layers of narratives, images, and analysis
Authors: Covert Hannah H. , Koro-Ljungberg Mirka
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– In this paper, the authors offer a methodological discussion and examples of visual analysis processes. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate a data analysis method that the authors named layered textural analysis, which brought together images and texts in ways that changed existing and decontextualized understandings. The authors used layered textural analysis to interpret photo-narratives from a photo elicitation study about the development of intercultural sensitivity in US study abroad students.

Design/methodology/approach

– Layered textural analysis, as carried out in this study, consisted of structural analysis of narratives present in interview text, visual analysis of the photos, and guiding questions related to the content and relationship of the photos and narratives.

Findings

– Individual experiences, images, and texts reflect complex connections between matter and thought. The multilayered analysis led to complex understandings and representations of participants’ learning and interpretation of cultural differences, and allowed us to examine photo-narrative events and participants’ individual meaning-making processes.

Originality/value

– Visual researchers rarely write about their processes of analysis in sufficient epistemological and methodological detail. Transparency about data analysis may inspire other scholars to experiment with data analysis approaches. The authors share layered textural analysis so that qualitative researchers can gain ideas for their own reflexive analytic techniques and to exemplify how multilayered analysis methods can change understandings of data and work against simplified knowledges.
A comparison of national open data policies: lessons learned
Authors: Nugroho Rininta Putri , Zuiderwijk Anneke , Janssen Marijn , de Jong Martin
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive cross-national comparative framework to compare open data policies from different countries and to derive lessons for developing open data policies. Open data policies guide the opening and stimulate the usage of public data. However, some countries have no or less developed open data policies, in this way missing the opportunity to reap the benefits of open data.

Design/methodology/approach

– Literature review and case studies were conducted to extend an existing comparison framework, and the framework was used to compare open data policies of the UK, the USA, The Netherlands, Kenya and Indonesia.

Findings

– The comparison of open data policies highlighted several lessons that can be learned, including actions regarding a robust legal framework, generic operational policies, data providers and data users, data quality, designated agencies or taskforces and initiatives and incentives for stimulating demand for data. National policies should also be focused on removing barriers on the operational level and policies for stimulating the release and use of data.

Research limitations/implications

– There is hardly any research systematically comparing open data policies. The comparative framework provided in this paper is a first analytical basis for cross-national comparison of open data policies and offers possibilities for systematic cross-national lesson-drawing.

Practical implications

– The authors found two waves of policy-making. The first wave of policy is focused on stimulating the release of data, whereas the second wave of policy is aimed at stimulating use. The comparison can be used to learn from other policies and help to improve open data policies. A third wave of open data policy is expected to materialize focusing on realizing added value from utilizing open data.

Social implications

– Improving a country’s open data policy can help the country to reap the benefits of open data, such as government transparency, efficiency and economic growth.

Originality/value

– Open data are a recent phenomenon and countries are looking for ways to obtain the benefits. This research can be used for developing and evaluating open data policies.
Constructing an integrated e-invoice system: the Taiwan experience
Authors: Chen Sheng-Chi , Wu Cheng-Chieh , Miau Scott
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to understand the impediments and proposed solutions during the e-invoice implementation and promotion.

Design/methodology/approach

– A participant observation-based case study research approach was utilized to examine the process and challenges for enabling the national e-invoice service.

Findings

– The e-invoice evolution process is summarized into three phases: the paperless phase, the diffusion phase and the cloud-enabled phase. The co-evolutionary adaptation process was drawn to highlight the broader issues of constructing a national-level information system.

Research limitations/implications

– Although this research is limited from the perspective of Taiwan, it provides a good illustrative example of e-invoice implementation.

Originality/value

– The findings can provide preliminary understanding of how an integrated e-invoice platform can enable the development of smart government. This paper also highlights issues of legal, technical, political and organizational challenges in e-government development.
Deghosting by echo‐deblending
Authors: Berkhout A.J. (Guus) , Blacquière Gerrit
Published: July 2015

A marine source generates both a direct wavefield and a ghost wavefield. This is caused by the strong surface reflectivity, resulting in a blended source array, the blending process being natural. The two unblended response wavefields correspond to the real source at the actual location below the water level and to the ghost source at the mirrored location above the water level. As a consequence, deghosting becomes deblending (‘echo‐deblending’) and can be carried out with a deblending algorithm. In this paper we present source deghosting by an iterative deblending algorithm that properly includes the angle dependence of the ghost: It represents a closed‐loop, non‐causal solution. The proposed echo‐deblending algorithm is also applied to the detector deghosting problem. The detector cable may be slanted, and shot records may be generated by blended source arrays, the blending being created by simultaneous sources. Similar to surface‐related multiple elimination the method is independent of the complexity of the subsurface; only what happens at and near the surface is relevant. This means that the actual sea state may cause the reflection coefficient to become frequency dependent, and the water velocity may not be constant due to temporal and lateral variations in the pressure, temperature, and salinity. As a consequence, we propose that estimation of the actual ghost model should be part of the echo‐deblending algorithm. This is particularly true for source deghosting, where interaction of the source wavefield with the surface may be far from linear. The echo‐deblending theory also shows how multi‐level source acquisition and multi‐level streamer acquisition can be numerically simulated from standard acquisition data. The simulated multi‐level measurements increase the performance of the echo‐deblending process. The output of the echo‐deblending algorithm on the source side consists of two ghost‐free records: one generated by the real source at the actual location below the water level and one generated by the ghost source at the mirrored location above the water level. If we apply our algorithm at the detector side as well, we end up with four ghost‐free shot records. All these records are input to migration. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed echo‐deblending algorithm is robust for background noise.
Managing more than the mean: using quantile regression to identify factors related to large elk groups
Authors: Brennan Angela , Cross Paul C. , Creel Scott
Published: July 2015

Animal group size distributions are often right‐skewed, whereby most groups are small, but most individuals occur in larger groups that may also disproportionately affect ecology and policy. In this case, examining covariates associated with upper quantiles of the group size distribution could facilitate better understanding and management of large animal groups.

We studied wintering elk groups in Wyoming, where group sizes span several orders of magnitude, and issues of disease, predation and property damage are affected by larger group sizes. We used quantile regression to evaluate relationships between the group size distribution and variables of land use, habitat, elk density and wolf abundance to identify conditions important to larger elk groups.

We recorded 1263 groups ranging from 1 to 1952 elk and found that across all quantiles of group size, group sizes were larger in open habitat and on private land, but the largest effect occurred between irrigated and non‐irrigated land [e.g. the 90th quantile group size increased by 135 elk (95%CI = 42, 227) on irrigation].

Only upper quantile group sizes were positively related to broad‐scale measures of elk density and wolf abundance. For wolf abundance, this effect was greater on elk groups found in open habitats and private land than those in closed habitats or public land. If we had limited our analysis to mean or median group sizes, we would not have detected these effects.

Synthesis and applications. Our analysis of elk group size distributions using quantile regression suggests that private land, irrigation, open habitat, elk density and wolf abundance can affect large elk group sizes. Thus, to manage larger groups by removal or dispersal of individuals, we recommend incentivizing hunting on private land (particularly if irrigated) during the regular and late hunting seasons, promoting tolerance of wolves on private land (if elk aggregate in these areas to avoid wolves) and creating more winter range and varied habitats. Relationships to the variables of interest also differed by quantile, highlighting the importance of using quantile regression to examine response variables more completely to uncover relationships important to conservation and management.
Uncovering the Sources of Sectoral Employment Fluctuations
Authors: Battersby Bryn , Kouparitsas Michael , Munro Josiah
Published: July 2015

This paper explores the sources of fluctuations in sectoral employment growth rates across the Australian economy over three different periods: the pre‐terms of trade boom period; the pre‐global financial crisis (GFC) phase of the terms of trade boom; and the GFC and post‐GFC phase. We find that common cyclical fluctuations, not just sector‐specific shocks, can and do have an important effect on sectoral growth rate dispersion across the full sample. We also find that there is evidence of accelerated structural change in the latter phase of the terms of trade boom.
Three‐Dimensional Integrated Survey for Building Investigations
Authors: Costantino Domenica , Angelini Maria Giuseppa
Published: July 2015

The study shows the results of a survey aimed to represent a building collapse and the feasibility of the modellation as a support of structure analysis. An integrated survey using topographic, photogrammetric, and terrestrial laser techniques was carried out to obtain a three‐dimensional (3D) model of the building, plans and prospects, and the particulars of the collapsed area. Authors acquired, by a photogrammetric survey, information about regular parties of the structure; while using laser scanner data they reconstructed a set of more interesting architectural details and areas with higher surface curvature. Specifically, the process of texture provided a detailed 3D structure of the areas under investigation. The analysis of the data acquired resulted to be very useful both in identifying the causes of the disaster and also in helping the reconstruction of the collapsed corner showing the contribution that the integrated surveys can give in preserving architectural and historic heritage.
In‐solution hybridization for mammalian mitogenome enrichment: pros, cons and challenges associated with multiplexing degraded DNA
Authors: Hawkins Melissa T. R. , Hofman Courtney A. , Callicrate Taylor , McDonough Molly M. , Tsuchiya Mirian T. N. , Gutiérrez Eliécer E. , Helgen Kristofer M. , Maldonado Jesus E.
Published: July 2015

Here, we present a set of RNA‐based probes for whole mitochondrial genome in‐solution enrichment, targeting a diversity of mammalian mitogenomes. This probes set was designed from seven mammalian orders and tested to determine the utility for enriching degraded DNA. We generated 63 mitogenomes representing five orders and 22 genera of mammals that yielded varying coverage ranging from 0 to >5400X. Based on a threshold of 70% mitogenome recovery and at least 10× average coverage, 32 individuals or 51% of samples were considered successful. The estimated sequence divergence of samples from the probe sequences used to construct the array ranged up to nearly 20%. Sample type was more predictive of mitogenome recovery than sample age. The proportion of reads from each individual in multiplexed enrichments was highly skewed, with each pool having one sample that yielded a majority of the reads. Recovery across each mitochondrial gene varied with most samples exhibiting regions with gaps or ambiguous sites. We estimated the ability of the probes to capture mitogenomes from a diversity of mammalian taxa not included here by performing a clustering analysis of published sequences for 100 taxa representing most mammalian orders. Our study demonstrates that a general array can be cost and time effective when there is a need to screen a modest number of individuals from a variety of taxa. We also address the practical concerns for using such a tool, with regard to pooling samples, generating high quality mitogenomes and detail a pipeline to remove chimeric molecules.
Dual‐energy computed tomography for monitoring the effect of urate‐lowering therapy in gouty arthritis
Authors: Sun Ying , Chen Huiyong , Zhang Zhuojun , Ma Lili , Zhou Jianjun , Zhou Yi , Ding Yuqin , Jin Xuejuan , Jiang Lindi
Published: July 2015

Objective

To investigate the relationships between changes in serum urate levels and dual‐energy computed tomography (DE‐CT) results during urate‐lowering therapy (ULT) and to investigate the effects of treatment duration and drugs on changes in DE‐CT results.

Methods

Forty‐four patients diagnosed with gout were enrolled in this investigation. DE‐CT was conducted on the foot at baseline and the end of follow‐up (6–24 months). Crystals were classified as: (i) L, number of large crystals with diameter ≥ 3 mm; (ii) S, number of small crystals with diameter < 3 mm; (iii) T, total number of crystals; and (iv) Vmax, volume of the maximal crystal.

Results

Number of urate crystals (L, S as well as T) and Vmax decreased significantly through ULT. Significant decrease of urate crystal numbers and/or Vmax was observed in different follow‐up groups, and the decrease in serum urate levels was positively related to the decrease of T (r = 0.43, P = 0.04) and Vmax (r = 0.63, P = 0.04). Moreover, analysis of covariance results demonstrated significant effects of treatment duration and serum urate levels on results of DE‐CT.

Conclusion

Both urate crystal numbers and Vmax decreased significantly during ULT. Additionally, ULT duration and serum urate levels had significant effects on the decrease of Vmax and number of large crystals measured by DE‐CT.
Glucose deprivation increases tau phosphorylation via P38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase
Authors: Lauretti Elisabetta , Praticò Domenico
Published: July 2015

Alterations of glucose metabolism have been observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Previous studies showed that glucose deprivation increases amyloidogenesis via a BACE‐1‐dependent mechanism. However, no data are available on the effect that this condition may have on tau phosphorylation. In this study, we exposed neuronal cells to a glucose‐free medium and investigated the effect on tau phosphorylation. Compared with controls, cells incubated in the absence of glucose had a significant increase in tau phosphorylation at epitopes Ser202/Thr205 and Ser404, which was associated with a selective activation of the P38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase. Pharmacological inhibition of this kinase prevented the increase in tau phosphorylation, while fluorescence studies revealed its co‐localization with phosphorylated tau. The activation of P38 was secondary to the action of the apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1, as its down‐regulation prevented it. Finally, glucose deprivation induced cell apoptosis, which was associated with a significant increase in both caspase 3 and caspase 12 active forms. Taken together, our studies reveal a new mechanism whereby glucose deprivation can modulate AD pathogenesis by influencing tau phosphorylation and suggest that this pathway may be a new therapeutic target for AD.