bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying Machine Learning to Improve Simulations of a Chaotic Dynamical System Using Empirical Error Correction
Authors: Watson Peter A. G.
Published: April 2019

Dynamical weather and climate prediction models underpin many studies of the Earth system and hold the promise of being able to make robust projections of future climate change based on physical laws. However, simulations from these models still show many differences compared with observations. Machine learning has been applied to solve certain prediction problems with great success, and recently, it has been proposed that this could replace the role of physically‐derived dynamical weather and climate models to give better quality simulations. Here, instead, a framework using machine learning together with physically‐derived models is tested, in which it is learnt how to correct the errors of the latter from time step to time step. This maintains the physical understanding built into the models, while allowing performance improvements, and also requires much simpler algorithms and less training data. This is tested in the context of simulating the chaotic Lorenz '96 system, and it is shown that the approach yields models that are stable and that give both improved skill in initialized predictions and better long‐term climate statistics. Improvements in long‐term statistics are smaller than for single time step tendencies, however, indicating that it would be valuable to develop methods that target improvements on longer time scales. Future strategies for the development of this approach and possible applications to making progress on important scientific problems are discussed.
The Search for the Severed Head of the Himalayas
Authors: Joel Lucas
Published: April 2019

To unearth the very first sediments to erode from the Himalayas, a team of scientists drilled beneath the Bay of Bengal.
Anthropogenic Aerosols, Greenhouse Gases, and the Uptake, Transport, and Storage of Excess Heat in the Climate System
Authors: Irving D. B. , Wijffels S. , Church J. A.
Published: April 2019

The largest contributor to the planetary energy imbalance is well‐mixed greenhouse gases (GHGs), which are partially offset by poorly mixed (and thus northern midlatitude dominated) anthropogenic aerosols (AAs). To isolate the effects of GHGs and AAs, we analyze data from the CMIP5 historical (i.e., all natural and anthropogenic forcing) and single forcing (GHG‐only and AA‐only) experiments. Over the duration of the historical experiment (1861–2005) excess heat uptake at the top of the atmosphere and ocean surface occurs almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere, with AAs canceling the influence of GHGs in the Northern Hemisphere. This interhemispheric asymmetry in surface heat uptake is eliminated by a northward oceanic transport of excess heat, as there is little hemispheric difference in historical ocean heat storage after accounting for ocean volume. Data from the 1pctCO2 and RCP 8.5 experiments suggests that the future storage of excess heat will be skewed toward the Northern Hemisphere oceans.
Shelf‐Basin Interactions and Water Mass Residence Times in the Western Arctic Ocean: Insights Provided by Radium Isotopes
Authors: Kipp Lauren E. , Kadko David C. , Pickart Robert S. , Henderson Paul B. , Moore Willard S. , Charette Matthew A.
Published: April 2019

Radium isotopes are produced through the decay of thorium in sediments and are soluble in seawater; thus, they are useful for tracing ocean boundary‐derived inputs to the ocean. Here we apply radium isotopes to study continental inputs and water residence times in the Arctic Ocean, where land‐ocean interactions are currently changing in response to rising air and sea temperatures. We present the distributions of radium isotopes measured on the 2015 U.S. GEOTRACES transect in the Western Arctic Ocean and combine this data set with historical radium observations in the Chukchi Sea and Canada Basin. The highest activities of radium‐228 were observed in the Transpolar Drift and the Chukchi shelfbreak jet, signaling that these currents are heavily influenced by interactions with shelf sediments. The ventilation of the halocline with respect to inputs from the Chukchi shelf occurs on time scales of ≤19–23 years. Intermediate water ventilation time scales for the Makarov and Canada Basins were determined to be ~20 and >30 years, respectively, while deep water residence times in these basins were on the order of centuries. The radium distributions and residence times described in this study serve as a baseline for future studies investigating the impacts of climate change on the Arctic Ocean.
Human-sized magnetic particle imaging for brain applications
Authors: Graeser M. , Thieben F. , Szwargulski P. , Werner F. , Gdaniec N. , Boberg M. , Griese F. , Möddel M. , Ludewig P. , van de Ven D. , Weber O. M. , Woywode O. , Gleich B. , Knopp T.
Published: April 2019

Determining the brain perfusion is an important task for diagnosis of vascular diseases such as occlusions and intracerebral haemorrhage. Even after successful diagnosis, there is a high risk of restenosis or rebleeding such that patients need intense attention in the days after treatment. Within this work, we present a diagnostic tomographic imager that allows access to brain perfusion quantitatively in short intervals. The device is based on the magnetic particle imaging technology and is designed for human scale. It is highly sensitive and allows the detection of an iron concentration of 263 pmolFe ml−1, which is one of the lowest iron concentrations imaged by MPI so far. The imager is self-shielded and can be used in unshielded environments such as intensive care units. In combination with the low technical requirements this opens up a variety of medical applications and would allow monitoring of stroke on intensive care units.
Coupling carbon and energy fluxes in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Authors: Grabowski Eric , Letelier Ricardo M. , Laws Edward A. , Karl David M.
Published: April 2019

The major biogeochemical cycles of marine ecosystems are driven by solar energy. Energy that is initially captured through photosynthesis is transformed and transported to great ocean depths via complex, yet poorly understood, energy flow networks. Herein we show that the chemical composition and specific energy (Joules per unit mass or organic carbon) of sinking particulate matter collected in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre reveal dramatic changes in the upper 500 m of the water column as particles sink and age. In contrast to these upper water column processes, particles reaching the deep sea (4000 m) are energy-replete with organic carbon-specific energy values similar to surface phytoplankton. These enigmatic results suggest that the particles collected in the abyssal zone must be transported by rapid sinking processes. These fast-sinking particles control the pace of deep-sea benthic communities that live a feast-or-famine existence in an otherwise energy-depleted habitat.
Differential human antibody repertoires following Zika infection and the implications for serodiagnostics and disease outcome
Authors: Ravichandran Supriya , Hahn Megan , Belaunzarán-Zamudio Pablo F. , Ramos-Castañeda José , Nájera-Cancino Gabriel , Caballero-Sosa Sandra , Navarro-Fuentes Karla R. , Ruiz-Palacios Guillermo , Golding Hana , Beigel John H. , Khurana Surender
Published: April 2019

Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in Americas led to extensive efforts to develop vaccines and ZIKV-specific diagnostics. In the current study, we use whole genome phage display library spanning the entire ZIKV genome (ZIKV-GFPDL) for in-depth immune profiling of IgG and IgM antibody repertoires in serum and urine longitudinal samples from individuals acutely infected with ZIKV. We observe a very diverse IgM immune repertoire encompassing the entire ZIKV polyprotein on day 0 in both serum and urine. ZIKV-specific IgG antibodies increase 10-fold between day 0 and day 7 in serum, but not in urine; these are highly focused on prM/E, NS1 and NS2B. Differential antibody affinity maturation is observed against ZIKV structural E protein compared with nonstructural protein NS1. Serum antibody affinity to ZIKV-E protein inversely correlates with ZIKV disease symptoms. Our study provides insight into unlinked evolution of immune response to ZIKV infection and identified unique targets for ZIKV serodiagnostics.
Circularly polarized light detection using chiral hybrid perovskite
Authors: Chen Chao , Gao Liang , Gao Wanru , Ge Cong , Du Xinyuan , Li Zha , Yang Ying , Niu Guangda , Tang Jiang
Published: April 2019

Circularly polarized light (CPL) detection is required in various fields such as drug screening, security surveillance and quantum optics. Conventionally, CPL photodetector needs the installation of optical elements, imposing difficulties for integrated and flexible devices. The established CPL detectors without optical elements rely on chiral organic semiconductor and metal metamaterials, but they suffer from extremely low responsivity. Organic-inorganic hybrid materials combine CPL-sensitive absorption induced by chiral organics and efficient charge transport of inorganic frameworks, providing an option for direct CPL detection. Here we report the CPL detector using chiral organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, and obtain a device with responsivity of 797 mA W-1, detectivity of 7.1 × 1011 Jones, 3-dB frequency of 150 Hz and one-month stability, a competitive combined feature for circularly polarized light detection. Thanks to the solution processing, we further demonstrate flexible devices on polyethylene terephthalate substrate with comparable performance.
Room temperature electrofreezing of water yields a missing dense ice phase in the phase diagram
Authors: Zhu Weiduo , Huang Yingying , Zhu Chongqin , Wu Hong-Hui , Wang Lu , Bai Jaeil , Yang Jinlong , Francisco Joseph S. , Zhao Jijun , Yuan Lan-Feng , Zeng Xiao Cheng
Published: April 2019

Water can freeze into diverse ice polymorphs depending on the external conditions such as temperature (T) and pressure (P). Herein, molecular dynamics simulations show evidence of a high-density orthorhombic phase, termed ice χ, forming spontaneously from liquid water at room temperature under high-pressure and high external electric field. Using free-energy computations based on the Einstein molecule approach, we show that ice χ is an additional phase introduced to the state-of-the-art T–P phase diagram. The χ phase is the most stable structure in the high-pressure/low-temperature region, located between ice II and ice VI, and next to ice V exhibiting two triple points at 6.06 kbar/131.23 K and 9.45 kbar/144.24 K, respectively. A possible explanation for the missing ice phase in the T–P phase diagram is that ice χ is a rare polarized ferroelectric phase, whose nucleation/growth occurs only under very high electric fields.
Exposure to violence affects the development of moral impressions and trust behavior in incarcerated males
Authors: Siegel Jenifer Z. , Estrada Suzanne , Crockett Molly J. , Baskin-Sommers Arielle
Published: April 2019

Individuals exposed to community violence are more likely to engage in antisocial behavior, resulting in a dramatic increase in contact with justice and social service systems. Theoretical accounts suggest that disruptions in learning underlie the link between exposure to violence and maladaptive behaviors. However, empirical evidence specifying these processes is sparse. Here, in a sample of incarcerated males, we investigated how exposure to violence affects the ability to learn about the harmfulness of others and use this information to adaptively modulate trust behavior. Exposure to violence does not impact the ability to accurately develop beliefs about agents’ harm preferences and predict their choices. However, exposure to violence disrupts the ability to form moral impressions that dissociate between agents with distinguishable harm preferences, and subsequently, the ability to adjust trust behavior towards different agents. These findings reveal a process that may explain the association between exposure to violence and maladaptive behavior.
Accurate high throughput alignment via line sweep-based seed processing
Authors: Schmidt Markus , Heese Klaus , Kutzner Arne
Published: April 2019

Accurate and fast aligners are required to handle the steadily increasing volume of sequencing data. Here we present an approach allowing performant alignments of short reads (Illumina) as well as long reads (Pacific Bioscience, Ultralong Oxford Nanopore), while achieving high accuracy, based on a universal three-stage scheme. It is also suitable for the discovery of insertions and deletions that originate from structural variants. We comprehensively compare our approach to other state-of-the-art aligners in order to confirm its performance with respect to accuracy and runtime. As part of our algorithmic scheme, we introduce two line sweep-based techniques called “strip of consideration” and “seed harmonization”. These techniques represent a replacement for chaining and do not rely on any specially tailored data structures. Additionally, we propose a refined form of seeding on the foundation of the FMD-index.
Publisher Correction: Phosphoric acid-catalyzed atroposelective construction of axially chiral arylpyrroles
Authors: Zhang Lei , Xiang Shao-Hua , Wang Jun , Xiao Jian , Wang Jun-Qi , Tan Bin
Published: April 2019

The original PDF version of this Article contained an error in Table 3, in which all chemical structures were omitted and only the numerical data was shown. This has been corrected in the PDF version of the Article. The HTML version was correct from the time of publication.
Author Correction: Gene correction for SCID-X1 in long-term hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Pavel-Dinu Mara , Wiebking Volker , Dejene Beruh T. , Srifa Waracharee , Mantri Sruthi , Nicolas Carmencita E. , Lee Ciaran , Bao Gang , Kildebeck Eric J. , Punjya Niraj , Sindhu Camille , Inlay Matthew A. , Saxena Nivedita , DeRavin Suk See , Malech Harry , Roncarolo Maria Grazia , Weinberg Kenneth I. , Porteus Matthew H.
Published: April 2019

The original version of this Article omitted the following from the Acknowledgements: “G.B. acknowledges the support from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RR140081 and RR170721).”This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Oxygen-diffusion-driven oxidation behavior and tracking areas visualized by X-ray spectro-ptychography with unsupervised learning
Authors: Hirose Makoto , Ishiguro Nozomu , Shimomura Kei , Nguyen Duong-Nguyen , Matsui Hirosuke , Dam Hieu Chi , Tada Mizuki , Takahashi Yukio
Published: April 2019

Oxygen storage and release with oxygen diffusion in the bulk of the cerium–zirconium solid solution oxide Ce2Zr2Ox (x = 7–8), which possesses an atomically ordered arrangement of cerium and zirconium atoms, is the key to three-way exhaust catalysis. Oxygen storage proceeds via heterogeneous oxygen diffusion into the vacant sites of Ce2Zr2O7 particles, but the heterogeneous oxygen diffusion track is erased after oxygen storage in the Ce2Zr2Ox bulk. Here we show three-dimensional hard X-ray spectro-ptychography to clearly visualize the three-dimensional cerium valence map in Ce2Zr2Ox particles, and unsupervised learning reveals the concealed oxygen-diffusion-driven three-dimensional nanoscale cerium oxidation behavior and tracking areas inside individual mixed-oxide particles during the oxygen storage process. The described approach may permit the nanoscale chemical imaging of reaction tracking areas in solid materials.
Diffusion in gadolinium doped ceria thin films: a combined Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics study
Authors: Purton John A.
Published: April 2019

The mobility of oxygen ions at surfaces and interfaces in solid oxide fuel materials are examined using atomistic simulations.
Evaluation of inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry for radionuclide assay in nuclear waste characterisation
Authors: Warwick P. E. , Russell B. C. , Croudace I. W. , Zacharauskas Ž.
Published: April 2019

Application of ICP-QQQ for nuclear waste characterisation.
A review on the biosynthesis of metal and metal salt nanoparticles by microbes
Authors: Gahlawat Geeta , Choudhury Anirban Roy
Published: April 2019

This review paper is a comprehensive outline of biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles by microbes including their mechanistic aspects, large-scale production approaches, mechanism of action, advantages and limitations of bio-mediated approach.
Anti-virus reagents targeting the capsid protein assembly
Authors: Fu Ding-Yi , Xue Ya-Rong , Yu Xianghui , Wu Yuqing
Published: April 2019

The capsid protein is a promising target for the development of therapeutic anti-virus agents.
Fluorescence lifetime-based pH sensing by platinum nanoclusters
Authors: Jin Lihua , Shi Lulu , Shi Wenjuan , Meng Zheng , Shang Li , Shen Yehua
Published: April 2019

A novel Pt nanocluster-based fluorescence-lifetime pH sensor with excellent sensor performance has been presented.
Intrinsically fluorescent gold nanoclusters stabilized within a copper storage protein that follow the Irving–Williams trend in metal ion sensing
Authors: Selvan Dhanashree , Prasad Pallavi , Crane Skyler , Abuhagr Abubkr , Covington Richard , Artyushkova Kateryna , Ramakrishna Guda , Chakraborty Saumen
Published: April 2019

A copper storage protein is used to synthesize gold clusters with tunable emission that follow the Irving–Williams series for metal detection.
Amino-tetrazole functionalized fused triazolo-triazine and tetrazolo-triazine energetic materials
Authors: Wang Qian , Shao Yanli , Lu Ming
Published: April 2019

In this study, two insensitive energetic compounds using fused triazolo-triazine and tetrazolo-triazine as the framework, one amino and one tetrazole as functional groups, were prepared through a two-step reaction.
Synthesis of functional and boronic acid-containing aliphatic polyesters via Suzuki coupling
Authors: Kubo Tomohiro , Scheutz Georg M. , Latty Tristin S. , Sumerlin Brent S.
Published: April 2019

A carbon–carbon bond forming reaction was studied to introduce pendent functional groups in polylactides.
Detailed kinetic model for hexyl sulfide pyrolysis and its desulfurization by supercritical water
Authors: Class Caleb A. , Vasiliou AnGayle K. , Kida Yuko , Timko Michael T. , Green William H.
Published: April 2019

The automated reaction mechanism generator is used to model the decomposition of hexyl sulfide with and without supercritical water.
Direct evidence of solvent polarity governing the intramolecular charge and energy transfer: ultrafast relaxation dynamics of push–pull fluorene derivatives
Authors: Neelambra Afeefah U. , Govind Chinju , Devassia Tessy T. , Somashekharappa Guruprasad M. , Karunakaran Venugopal
Published: April 2019

The occurrence of intramolecular charge transfer along with energy transfer controlled by the polarity of solvent is revealed by femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption and emission spectroscopy.
Sudden polarization and zwitterion formation as a pseudo-Jahn–Teller effect: a new insight into the photochemistry of alkenes
Authors: Wang Ya , Liu Yang , Bersuker Isaac B.
Published: April 2019

We show that the intermediates of photochemical reactions—sudden polarization and zwitterion formations—are consequences of the pseudo-Jahn–Teller effect (PJTE), which facilitates a better understanding, rationalization, prediction, and manipulation of the corresponding chemical and biological processes.
Superior spin-polarized electronic structure in MoS2/MnO2 heterostructures with an efficient hole injection
Authors: Zhou Baozeng , Li Zheng , Wang Jiaming , Wang Kangqiang
Published: April 2019

Different functional applications of MoS2/MnO2 ferromagnetic van der Waals heterostructures are realized by stacking model engineering and external field regulation.
What controls the unusual melting profiles of small AuNPs/DNA complexes
Authors: Grueso Elia , Giráldez-Pérez Rosa M. , Perez-Tejeda Pilar , Roldán Emilio , Prado-Gotor R.
Published: April 2019

The effect of the addition of low salt concentrations on ds-DNA and ss-DNA conformational changes induced by smallN-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is studied in detail by using different techniques. The results are correlated with the unusual melting profiles of the AuNPs/DNA complexes.
A graphite intercalation compound associated with liquid Na–K towards ultra-stable and high-capacity alkali metal anodes
Authors: Zhang Leyuan , Peng Sangshan , Ding Yu , Guo Xuelin , Qian Yumin , Celio Hugo , He Gaohong , Yu Guihua
Published: April 2019

A graphite intercalation compound (GIC) framework enables the use of Na–K liquid alloy in ultra-stable and high-capacity anodes.
Stable and tunable phosphonic acid dipole layer for band edge engineering of photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic heterojunction devices
Authors: Wick-Joliat René , Musso Tiziana , Prabhakar Rajiv Ramanujam , Löckinger Johannes , Siol Sebastian , Cui Wei , Sévery Laurent , Moehl Thomas , Suh Jihye , Hutter Jürg , Iannuzzi Marcella , Tilley S. David
Published: April 2019

Phosphonic acid multi-layers are used to tune the band alignment in heterojunction devices used for photoelectrochemistry and photovoltaics.
Woody species: a new bio-based material for dual Ca/Mg catalysis with remarkable Lewis acidity properties
Authors: Deyris Pierre-Alexandre , Adler Pauline , Petit Eddy , Legrand Yves-Marie , Grison Claude
Published: April 2019

Advances in green catalysis have promoted the development of a new generation of ecocatalysts prepared from common tree species.
Using printer ink color to control the behavior of paper microfluidics
Authors: Potter Joshua , Brisk Philip , Grover William H.
Published: April 2019

Different colors of wax inks behave differently in paper microfluidic devices, enabling the development of new color-based paper microfluidic components.
Co/rGO synthesized via the alcohol-thermal method as a heterogeneous catalyst for the highly efficient oxidation of ethylbenzene with oxygen
Authors: Gao Lingfeng , Zhuge WenYun , Feng Xue , Sun Wei , Sun Xu , Zheng Gengxiu
Published: April 2019

Co3O4 nanoparticles uniformly dispersed on reduced graphene oxide (Co/rGO) were synthesized by the alcohol-thermal method as a highly efficient catalyst with initiator NHPI for the selective oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone using O2 as a green oxidant.
In situ synthesis of carbon nanotube-encapsulated cobalt nanoparticles by a novel and simple chemical treatment process: efficient and green catalysts for the Heck reaction
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Khorsandi Zahra , Farrokhpour Hossein
Published: April 2019

In this study, we present a novel, fast and easy technique for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles supported onto the internal surface of multi-walled CNTs; these CNT-encapsulated nanoparticles as heterogeneous, efficient, inexpensive and green catalysts efficiently promote the Heck cross-coupling of a large library of functional substrates under mild and sustainable conditions.
Luminescence resonance energy transfer in hybrid materials based on terbium(iii) complex, rhodamine B and nanoclay
Authors: Zhou Congdi , Li Huanrong
Published: April 2019

We prepared a novel kind of luminescent hydrogel based on the combination of terbium(iii) complexes and rhodamine B dye with the LAPONITE® nanoclay.
Surface enhanced infra-red spectroscopy with modified silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for detection of quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants
Authors: Kurrey Ramsingh , Deb Manas Kanti , Shrivas Kamlesh
Published: April 2019

A novel surface enhanced infra-red spectroscopy (SEIRS) method with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) assisted by single drop microextraction (SDME) was developed for detection of total mixed quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants (QACS) in water samples.
Arene C–H bond activation and methane formation by a methylplatinum(ii) complex: experimental and theoretical elucidation of the mechanism
Authors: Nahaei Asma , Nabavizadeh S. Masoud , Hosseini Fatemeh Niroomand , Hoseini S. Jafar , Abu-Omar Mahdi M.
Published: April 2019

A combined experimental/computational investigation reveals that the cyclometalation of [PtMe2(DMSO)2], 1, by HC^N ligands proceeds via HC^N coordination through the N donor atom, oxidative addition of the arene C–H bond, and final dissociation of methane from a platinum hydride complex.
Promoting photocatalytic nitrogen fixation with alkali metal cations and plasmonic nanocrystals
Authors: Bu Tong-An , Hao Yu-Chen , Gao Wen-Yan , Su Xin , Chen Li-Wei , Zhang Nan , Yin An-Xiang
Published: April 2019

Assisted by potassium cations, Au decorated P25 nanopaticles can produce ammonia from nitrogen and water with high efficiency under ambient conditions in the presence of sunlight.
First-principles study of the layered thermoelectric material TiNBr
Authors: Zhang Shuofeng , Xu Ben , Lin Yuanhua , Nan Cewen , Liu Wei
Published: April 2019

TiNBr: novel layered thermoelectric material with high ZT value. Physics behind were investigated using mode level analysis.
Effect of structure regulation of hyper-branched polyester modified carbon nanotubes on toughening performance of epoxy/carbon nanotube nanocomposites
Authors: Li Lu , Liao Xia , Sheng Xingyue , Hao Zengheng , He Leilei , Liu Pan , Quan Hongbin , Zhang Yi
Published: April 2019

Carboxylic carbon nanotubes were modified by a series of hyperbranched polyesters (HBP), and epoxy resin/carbon nanotubes composites were prepared. The effect of structure regulation of HBP on toughening properties of composites was discussed.
Retraction: First-principle investigations of structural, electronic, magnetic and optical properties of bulk BiVO3
Authors: Shore Andrew
Published: April 2019

Retraction of ‘First-principle investigations of structural, electronic, magnetic and optical properties of bulk BiVO3’ by Biao Liu et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 92473–92478.
Molecular dynamics simulation study of linear, bottlebrush, and star-like amphiphilic block polymer assembly in solution
Authors: Wessels Michiel G. , Jayaraman Arthi
Published: April 2019

In this study we investigate the effect of varying branched polymer architectures on the assembly of amphiphilic block polymers in solution using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations.
Photoinduced binding of malachite green copolymer to parallel G-quadruplex DNA
Authors: Uda Ryoko M. , Nishimoto Noriko , Matsui Takashi , Takagi Shu
Published: April 2019

Irradiation induced binding of photoresponsive polymer to G-quadruplex DNA while the polymer has negligible affinity under dark conditions.
Different positive electrode materials in organic and aqueous systems for aluminium ion batteries
Authors: Ru Yue , Zheng Shasha , Xue Huaiguo , Pang Huan
Published: April 2019

In this review, not only is the working intercalation mechanism comprehensively concluded, but the results of relevant electrochemical experiments for AIBs are also compared and analyzed in detail.
Structural origins of the electronic properties of materials via time-resolved infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Munson Kyle T. , Kennehan Eric R. , Asbury John B.
Published: April 2019

Time-resolved mid-infrared spectroscopy provides new opportunities to probe the structural origins of electronic and transport states in optoelectronic materials.
Expression level of GAS6-mRNA influences the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Yang Xinrui , Shi Jinlong , Zhang Xinpei , Zhang Gaoqi , Zhang Jilei , Yang Siyuan , Wang Jing , Ke Xiaoyan , Fu Lin
Published: April 2019

As high expression level of growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6) had an adverse effect on prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, it is interesting to reveal the relationship between GAS6-mRNA level and the survival condition of AML patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We screened The Cancer Genome Atlas database and found 71 AML patients with GAS6-mRNA expression and received allo-HSCT treatments. We divided them into two groups based on the median expression of GAS6-mRNA. Patients with GAS6-mRNAhigh (n=36) seemed to have lower bone marrow (BM) blast (P=0.022), lower percentage of type M5 (P=0.034), lower percentage of inv(16)/CBFβ-MYH11 karyotype (P=0.020), and lower rate of good risk classification (P=0.005) than the group GAS6-mRNAlow (n= 35). Higher expression level of GAS6-mRNA also brought higher RUNX1 mutations (P=0.003), MLL-PTD mutations (P=0.042), TP53 mutations (P=0.042), and lower NRAS/KRAS mutations (P=0.042). Univariate analyses showed that GAS6-mRNA was unfavorable for overall survival (OS) (P=0.044), as RUNX1 and WT1 also gave negative influences. Multivariate analyses confirmed that GAS6-mRNA cut down the event-free servival (EFS) and OS of AML patients with HSCT (P=0.029, P=0.025). Our study indicated that higher expression of GAS6-mRNA related with adverse effects in AML patients with HSCT treatment.
Projected block‐wise PIC detection for communication systems with non‐negativity constraints
Authors: Bentrcia Abdelouahab
Published: April 2019

Recently, a number of interference cancellation (IC) detectors that exploit some prior information of the system have been proposed. Of particular interest is the projected parallel IC (PPIC) detector that makes use of the non‐negativity of the data and the spreading codes in incoherent optical‐code‐division multiple‐access systems to improve the detection performance. In this work, the authors generalise the PPIC detector where more than one user is considered at a time yielding the projected block‐wise parallel IC (PBPIC) detector. This detector not only accelerates the convergence speed considerably but also improves the conditions of convergence as well. Various approaches for reducing the complexity of the PBPIC detector are investigated. Simulation results agree well with the authors’ theoretical findings.
Line maintenance within transmission expansion planning: a multistage framework
Authors: Mahdavi Meisam , Sabillon Carlos , Bagheri Amir , Romero Rubén
Published: April 2019

Maintenance in transmission networks is an economical way to reduce upgrading network costs without decreasing its reliability. Hence, new studies regarding transmission expansion planning (TEP) must take into account the effects of maintenance in order to obtain realistic and economic expansion investment plans. This work presents a novel framework for multistage TEP, considering line maintenance, i.e. the expansion cost of the transmission system, network losses, costs of old‐line replacement and maintenance, cost of newly constructed line maintenance, and cost of replaced line maintenance, are simultaneously optimised. The advantage of this approach is the fact that the lifetimes of the lines that are replaced, retained, and added to the transmission system are changing during the expansion horizon. These lifetimes have an impact on the maintenance expenses. Annual maintenance costs are also affected by the inflation rate. Hence, both the lifetime and inflation rate roles are integrated into the proposed model. The robustness and effectiveness of the model are tested on the IEEE 24‐bus test system, using a particle swarm optimisation algorithm. The results show that the proposed formulation finds more economic investment plans for TEP when compared with those found using static formulations considering the maintenance available in specialised literature.
Optimal sizing and siting of smart microgrid components under high renewables penetration considering demand response
Authors: Hakimi Seyed Mehdi , Hasankhani Arezoo , Shafie‐khah Miadreza , Catalão João P.S.
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this article is to determine the size and place of different components in microgrids (MGs) including renewable energy resources (RERs). Various factors like reliability, the uncertainty of wind speed, solar irradiance, load, and load growth are considered. The Ekbatan residential complex is studied as the pilot case study placed in Tehran, Iran. Ekbatan complex has three separate sets of buildings called phase 1, 2, and 3 considered as smart MGs. The multi‐objective optimisation problem is solved considering RERs uncertainties, improving reliability and power quality and minimizing power loss by particle swarm optimisation algorithm. Different constraints in terms of voltage, frequency, resources, and energy storage systems (ESSs) capacity are taken into consideration. The effect of load growth, photovoltaic (PV) and ESSs placement, changing the capital cost of RERs, and demand response of controllable loads are studied on optimal sizing and siting. The proposed method is tested on a wind turbine/PV/fuel cell (FC)/hydrogen tank MGs system and the optimal sizing and siting of mentioned sources could decelerate the rate of increase in the total cost of MG considering the load growth.
Γ-limit of the cut functional on dense graph sequences
Authors: Braides Andrea , Cermelli Paolo , Dovetta Simone
Published: April 2019

A sequence of graphs with diverging number of nodes is a dense graph sequence if the number of edges grows approximately as for complete graphs. To each such sequence a function, called graphon, can be associated, which contains information about the asymptotic behavior of the sequence. Here we show that the problem of subdividing a large graph in communities with a minimal amount of cuts can be approached in terms of graphons and the Γ-limit of the cut functional, and discuss the resulting variational principles on some examples. Since the limit cut functional is naturally defined on Young measures, in many instances the partition problem can be expressed in terms of the probability that a node belongs to one of the communities. Our approach can be used to obtain insights into the bisection problem for large graphs, which is known to be NP-complete.
Engineering difference of band structure between mirror symmetrical adsorption and antisymmetrical adsorption of the identical group on a graphene sheet
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Huang Qingsong
Published: April 2019

Symmetry of adsorption site is the key to control the graphene band gap. When the adsorption sites change from mirror-symmetry adsorption (MSA) to mirror antisymmetric adsorption (MAA) position, the bandgap change (BC) exhibits two opposite tendencies. Therefore, a standard was developed to determine the type of band gap modification of graphene. When BC is negative, the bonding state between the adsorbent and graphene was the dominant factor. When BC is positive, the built-in electric field becomes dominated. Continuous tuning of the band gap can be achieved by adsorbing the appropriate functional groups. Our findings set the standard for determining the type of band gap modification and open the way for controllable adjustment of graphene band gap.
Aktuelle Optionen zur Behandlung der Riesenzellarteriitis
Authors: Moosig Frank , Schmalzing Marc , Aries Peer , Henes Jörg , Lamprecht Peter , Rech Jürgen , Witte Torsten
Published: April 2019

To prevent serious complications such as permanent loss of vision and structural vascular damage, treatment must be initiated quickly in patients with giant-cell arteritis (GCA). So far, usually long-term corticosteroids in cumulative high dosages have been the standard therapy option. However, steroids are often insufficient to achieve adequate disease control and are associated with serious adverse events. Therefore, steroid-sparing therapy options are the focus of interest.
Neue Wege in der Seniorenverpflegung: Evaluation einer protein- und energiedichten Kost für ältere Menschen in einem geriatrischen Spital
Authors: Coenegracht Chantal , Urgese Tanja
Published: April 2019

Hintergrund Im Felix Platter-Spital in Basel wurden 2015 – 2016 die hausinternen Ernährungsrichtlinien an die aktuellen Erkenntnisse zur geriatriegerechten Ernährung angepasst: Die Portionsgröße wurde auf 2/3 verkleinert bei gleichbleibender Nährstoff- bzw. verhältnismäßig höheren Proteinzufuhr; die Proteine wurden gleichmäßig über die 3 Hauptmahlzeiten verteilt und jede Mahlzeit enthielt mindestens 20 – 25 g Protein.

In diesem Artikel wird evaluiert, ob Patienten nach diesen Anpassungen mehr Protein und Energie zu sich nehmen (Erhöhung von mind. 200 kcal und 10 g Protein/Tag).

Methoden Die Erfassung der Nahrungsaufnahme mittels dem hausinternen Ernährungsprotokoll (BEOP) wurde auf allen Stationen des Spitals durchgeführt. Das Team der Ernährungsberatung dokumentierte 2016 im Juli, August, September (alter Kostform) und in den gleichen Monaten in 2017 (neuer Kostform) von allen Patienten mit einem Nutritional Risk Score ≥ 4 das BEOP.

Ergebnisse Die durchschnittliche Proteinaufnahme erhöhte sich um 16 g/Tag (34 %), von 47 g auf 63 g Protein/Tag (KI: 11,4 – 20,6 g; α: 0,05).

Die durchschnittliche Erhöhung der Energieaufnahme betrug 182 kcal (15 %) (KI: 76 – 288 kcal; α: 0,05) und erreichte damit knapp nicht die vorausgesetzte Erhöhung von mindestens 200 kcal. Trotzdem wird sie als klinisch relevant gewertet.

Schlussfolgerung Mit unserem Menü Compact zeigen wir Möglichkeiten auf, die Nahrungsaufnahme von multimorbiden geriatrischen Patienten im Spital durch Anpassung der Zubereitung und der Gestaltung des Menüs erfolgreich zu erhöhen.
Reproduzierbarkeit der Neurografie – explorative Untersuchung
Authors: Buchner Helmut , Schönlau Lars
Published: April 2019

Für klinische Entscheidungen ist die Sicherheit eines Messergebnisses und seine Variabilität ist sehr bedeutsam. Für die Neurografie liegen nur wenige Untersuchen zur Reproduzierbarkeit – Reliabilität – vor. Die vorliegende exporative Studie hatte die Ziele Schätzwerte für die beste mögliche Re-Test-Reliabilität und Hypothesen für weitere Untersuchungen mit mehr Variablen zu erstellen. Dazu wurden Nerven von 10 Gesunden von einem Untersucher an einem Typ des Neurografiegeräts gemessen.

Die F-Wellen und die motorische Leitgeschwindigkeiten in den Segmenten von Unterschenkel und Unterarm waren mit ca. 5% Abweichungen reproduzierbar. Die sensiblen Leitgeschwindigkeiten waren mit unter 10% Abweichung reproduzierbar.

Die Amplituden der motorischen Aktionspotenziale und der sensiblen Nervenantwortpotenziale haben eine begrenzte Reproduzierbarkeit.

Die Bewertung der Messwerte muss mit deutlicher Zurückhaltung erfolgen. Es ist zu erwarten, dass die Reliabilität bei Vergleichen zwischen Untersuchern deutlich geringer ist.
Types A and D Trichothecene Mycotoxins from the Fungus Myrothecium roridum
Authors: Lakornwong Waranya , Kanokmedhakul Kwanjai , Soytong Kasem , Unartngam Arm , Tontapha Sarawut , Amornkitbamrung Vittaya , Kanokmedhakul Somdej
Published: April 2019

Chromatographic separation of extracts from the fungal biomass of a plant pathogenic fungus, Myrothecium roridum, yielded 8 trichothecene toxins including 6 type D trichothecenes (1–6) and 2 type A trichothecenes (7–8). 6′,12′-Epoxymyrotoxin A (1) and 7′-hydroxymytoxin B (2) were new macrocyclic trichothecenes, while the other trichothecenes were identified as myrotoxin B (3), myrotoxin D hydrate (4), 2′,3′-epoxymyrothecine A (5), miotoxin A (6), and 2 trichothecenes lacking the macrocyclic lactone system, roridin L-2 (7) and trichoverritone (8). The structures of these mycotoxins were characterized using spectroscopic methods. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by NOESY and a comparison of their experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Most of these mycotoxins (1–4 and 6) exhibited highly potent antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. They also showed strong cytotoxicity towards KB and NCI-H187 cell lines (IC50 0.60 – 112.28 nM), as well as the Vero cell line (IC50 1.50 – 46.51 nM).
High Yield of Bioactive Abietane Diterpenes in Salvia sclarea Hairy Roots by Overexpressing Cyanobacterial DXS or DXR Genes
Authors: Vaccaro Mariacarmela , Ocampo Bernal Vivian , Malafronte Nicola , De Tommasi Nunziatina , Leone Antonietta
Published: April 2019

Abietane diterpenoids, containing a quinone moiety, are synthesized in the roots of several Salvia species. Promising cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activities have been reported for these compounds in various cell and animal models. We have recently shown that aethiopinone, an o-naphto-quinone diterpene, produced in the roots of different Salvia species, is selectively cytotoxic against the A375 melanoma cell line. To enhance the synthesis of this abietane diterpenoid, we have engineered the plastidial 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate-derived isoprenoid pathway in Salvia sclarea hairy roots by ectopic expression and plastid targeting of cyanobacterial genes encoding the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase or 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase gene, the first two enzymatic steps of the plastidial MEP pathway, from which plant diterpenes primarily derive. Plastid-targeted expression of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase proteins significantly enhanced the yield of aethiopinone by a 3-fold and about 6-fold increase, respectively. The accumulation of other abietane-type diterpenes (ferruginol, salvipisone, and carnosic acid), with interesting antiproliferative activity, was also increased. Compared to our previous data obtained by overexpressing the plant orthologous 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase genes in S. sclarea hairy roots, the results presented here confirm that the bacterial 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase enzyme plays a major role than the DXS enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of this class of compounds and that its ectopic expression does not conflict with active hairy root growth, resulting in a balanced trade-off between the transgenic hairy root final biomass and the increased content of o-naphto-quinone diterpenes, with interesting biological activities.
An Unexpected FeCl3/C-Catalyzed β-Stereoselective Glycosylation in the Presence of the C(2)-Benzyl Group
Authors: Guo Hong , Si Wenshuai , Li Juan , Yang Guofang , Tang Tianjun , Wang Zhongfu , Tang Jie , Zhang Jianbo
Published: April 2019

An efficient and completely β-stereoselective glycosylation that did not rely on neighboring group participation is described using 2–20 mol% FeCl3/C as the catalyst and benzylated propargyl glycosides as the donors to reach yields up to 96% under mild condition. With an octatomic-ring intermediate at the α-face of FeCl3/C with alkyne of propargyl glycosides, a panel of aglycones comprising aliphatic, alicyclic, unsaturated alcohols, halogenated alcohols, and phenols with different substitution were examined successfully for the exclusive β-stereoselective glycosylation reaction.
Considerations in Orbital Exenteration
Authors: Sokoya Mofiyinfolu , Cohn Jason , Kohlert Scott , Lee Thomas , Kadakia Sameep , Ducic Yadranko
Published: April 2019

Orbital exenteration (OE) is a radical operation associated with significant psychosocial disability and functional impairment. Indications for OE include primary tumors of the eye, oral cavity, paranasal sinuses, skin, and brain. Careful consideration regarding the likelihood of local control and cure is needed before proceeding with this operation. Multidisciplinary work-up should be performed before proceeding with surgery. The method of reconstruction after OE should be tailored to the defect and the postoperative needs of the patient. Appropriate follow-up and rehabilitation should be arranged for the patient.
Eyelid Malposition Repair: A Review of the Literature and Current Techniques
Authors: Guthrie Ashley , Kadakia Pooja , Rosenberg Joshua
Published: April 2019

Eyelid malposition is a challenging problem faced by surgeons. Given the delicate nature of the eyelid and its complex anatomy, eyelid repair requires both a comprehensive understanding of eyelid anatomy along with thorough presurgical planning and surgical execution. A wide range of options is available for eyelid reconstruction but the location and extent of the deformity often dictate the type of repair. This article is a review of commonly encountered forms of eyelid malposition. Relevant reconstructive techniques and current evidence-based methods of reconstruction are discussed in detail. Anatomical considerations, the nature of specific defects, pearls of preoperative evaluation, and the reconstructive options available to the facial plastic and oculoplastic surgeon are outlined. Topics discussed include ectropion, entropion, eyelid retraction, and blepharoptosis.
A Case Report: Aggressive Pyogenic Granuloma
Authors: Kumar Dipanshu , Agarwal Tanya
Published: April 2019

Soft-tissue growths of the oral cavity offer a diagnostic dilemma because of the pathologic processes produced by such lesions. Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is one such soft-tissue swelling that originates from the reactive inflammatory course in which an exuberant fibrovascular expansile growth of the connective tissue of the skin or mucous membrane occurs. This case report documents a rare case in which the size and the site of the PG were different from the usual. The treatment included the extraction of the involved tooth in addition with the surgical removal of the lesion. The present case report demonstrates that the treatment of choice varies according to individual case after the adequate analysis of clinical and radiographic findings and should be managed appropriately to minimize further reoccurrence of the lesion and postsurgical complications.
Electron scattering in quantum waveguides with sources and absorbers. I. Theoretical formalism
Authors: Bharadwaj Sathwik , Ram-Mohan L. R.
Published: April 2019

We develop a novel method based on sources and absorbers to examine quantum scattering in finite, nanoscale systems. We show that the Cauchy (mixed) boundary conditions (BCs) are required to put the scattering theory into an action integral formulation. These complex BCs are reduced to simpler Dirichlet BCs by introducing totally absorbing “stealth regions.” Material properties of these enclosing regions are optimized to give decaying solutions so that the scattering amplitudes vanish at the finite boundaries. With the active scattering region now surrounded by absorbers, we construct an “electron antenna” to provide incident waves. The method retains all the physical aspects of the conventional theory while providing new insights into “near-field” scattering effects. The action integral is discretized and evaluated to derive the local wavefunction everywhere. In two-dimensional quantum waveguides, we obtain the scattered wavefunction for geometrically complex scattering centers, showing the flexibility of our method. The modal decomposition of reflected and transmitted waves allows us to obtain transmission coefficients for both propagating and evanescent modes. Using group theory, we develop selection rules for the scattered modes depending on the symmetry of the potential. Our method outperforms the limitations of traditional perturbative estimates, transfer-matrix, S-matrix discretizations, and other schemes to provide a complete nonasymptotic variational description for electron transport in quantum waveguides.
Electron scattering in quantum waveguides with sources and absorbers. II. Applications
Authors: Bharadwaj Sathwik , Ram-Mohan L. R.
Published: April 2019

We show that in quantum waveguides, the Fano resonance profile associated with propagating modes has its analogs with evanescent modes as well. This is found to be an unusual and a universal effect for any attractive potential. Further, we show that quantum dots or attractive impurity potentials embedded in the interior of a quantum waveguide yield significantly large Seebeck coefficient (thermopower) and power factor. Hence, they are good candidates for enhancing the thermoelectric energy conversion efficiency. We study the effect of a waveguide tapering on transport properties for the first time and the effect of curvature on the transmission coefficients. We propose a nanoscale current rectification device in two dimensions using tapered quantum waveguides.