bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Cu‐Catalyzed Coupling Approach to Substituted 3‐Pyridinol and 5‐Pyrimidinol Antioxidants.
Authors: Nara Susheel J. , Jha Mukund , Brinkhorst Johan , Zemanek Tony J. , Pratt Derek A.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6,7,8‐Trisubstituted Purines via a Copper‐Catalyzed Amidation Reaction.
Authors: Ibrahim Nada , Ligraverend Michel
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Novel Heterocyclic System — 7‐Methyl‐1,2‐dihydro[1,2,4]triazino[3,4‐b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine‐6‐thione.
Authors: Heravi M. M. , Bakavoli M. , Rahimizadeh M. , Rajabzadeh G. , Ghassemzadeh M.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Opening of the 1,3‐Dioxolane Ring in γ‐Hydroxy α,β‐Acetylenic Aldehyde Dimers by the Action of Ethylenediamine.
Authors: Novokshonova I. A. , Medvedeva A. S. , Safronova L. P. , Novokshonov V. V.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Substrate Encapsulation: An Efficient Strategy for the RCM Synthesis of Unsaturated ε‐Lactones.
Authors: Pentzer Emily B. , Gadzikwa Tendai , Nguyen SonBinh T.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Selenium Dichloride with Divinyl Selenide.
Authors: Potapov V. A. , Volkova K. A. , Penzik M. V. , Albanov A. I. , Amosova S. V.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of (+)‐α‐Skytanthine by Means of an Intramolecular Pauson—Khand Reaction.
Authors: Kaneda Kyosuke , Honda Toshio
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Roseophilin (I).
Authors: Bitar Abdallah Y. , Frontier Alison J.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of (+)‐Cladospolide D.
Authors: Lu Ke‐Jhen , Chen Chia‐Hsiu , Hou Duen‐Ren
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Coupling of the Phase‐Field and CALPHAD Methods for Predicting Multicomponent, Solid‐State Phase Transformations
Authors: Kitashima Tomonori
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Photoluminescence Spectroscopy to the Investigation of Oxide‐Containing Catalysts in the Working State
Authors: Anpo Masakazu , Dzwigaj Stanislaw , Che Michel
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gallium(III) and Indium(III) Dithiolate Complexes: Versatile Precursors for Metal Sulfides
Authors: Ghoshal Shamik , Jain Vimal K.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Coordination Chemistry of Bis(imino)acenaphthene (BIAN) Ligands with S‐ and P‐Block Elements
Authors: Hill Nicholas J. , Vargas‐Baca Ignacio , Cowley Alan H.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microbial Drug Discovery: 80 Years of Progress.
Authors: Demain Arnold L. , Sanchez Sergio
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalized Organolithium Compounds by Sulfur—Lithium Exchange
Authors: Foubelo Francisco , Yus Miguel
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Carbon—Carbon Bond‐Forming Reactions Involving Homoenolates Generated by NHC Catalysis
Authors: Nair Vijay , Vellalath Sreekumar , Babu Beneesh Pattoorpadi
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Organomonochalcogenide Compounds by Cleavage of the Dichalcogenide Bond
Authors: Taniguchi Nobukazu
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Seven‐Membered Rings by the Nickel‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Komagawa Shinsuke , Yamasaki Ryu , Saito Shinichi
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cucurbit[n]urils: From Mechanism to Structure and Function
Authors: Isaacs Lyle
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies for the Total Synthesis of C2—C11 Cyclized Cembranoids
Authors: Ellis J. Michael , Crimmins Michael T.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Polyvalent Iodine
Authors: Zhdankin Viktor V. , Stang Peter J.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Double Helices from Abiotic Backbones
Authors: Haldar Debasish , Schmuck Carsten
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Amide Bond Formation: Beyond the Myth of Coupling Reagents
Authors: Valeur Eric , Bradley Mark
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly of Functional Columnar Liquid Crystals
Authors: Kato Takashi , Yasuda Takuma , Kamikawa Yuko , Yoshio Masafumi
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Lectins
Authors: Kubik Stefan
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrate Polymers at the Center of Life′s Origins: The Importance of Molecular Processivity
Authors: Stern Robert , Jedrzejas Mark J.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical and Pharmacological Studies of the Plants from Genus Celastrus.
Authors: Su Xiao‐Hui , Zhang Man‐Li , Zhan Wen‐Hong , Huo Chang‐Hong , Shi Qing‐Wen , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Kiyota Hiromasa
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Gene Synthesis: Strategies, Softwares, Error Corrections, and Applications
Authors: Xiong Ai‐Sheng , Peng Ri‐He , Zhuang Jing , Gao Feng , Li Yi , Cheng Zong‐Ming , Yao Quan‐Hong
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Recognition of Bilayer Vesicles
Authors: Voskuhl Jens , Ravoo Bart Jan
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of 2:1 Phyllosilicates and Organophyllosilicates: Contribution of Fluoride to Study the Octahedral Sheet
Authors: Jaber Maguy , Miehe‐Brendle Jocelyne
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoisograms for Reexamining the Concept of Prochirality
Authors: Fujita Shinsaku
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Computational Studies on Asymmetric Reactions with Sulfur Reagents
Authors: Balcells David , Maseras Feliu
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Dimensional Supramolecular Self‐Assembly: Nanoporous Networks on Surfaces
Authors: Kudernac Tibor , Lei Shengbin , Elemans Johannes A. A. W. , De Feyter Steven
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid State NMR
Authors: Gobetto Roberto
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Functions and Toxicity of Nickel in Plants: Recent Advances and Future Prospects
Authors: Chen Cuiyun , Huang Dejun , Liu Jianquan
Published: April 2009

Nickel is an essential nutrient for plants. However, the amount of Ni required for normal growth of plants is very low. Hence, with the level of Ni pollution in the environment increasing, it is essential to understand the functional roles and toxic effects of Ni in plants. We briefly review advances in relevant research over the past 20 years. Based on the available data, two new indirect pathways of Ni toxicity in plants are proposed. These are (i) interference with other essential metal ions and (ii) induction of oxidative stress. Research should focus on these mechanisms at the protein and molecular levels. Further research should also be directed at plant species that are capable of accumulating Ni at high concentration, so‐called hyperaccumulators. Such species can provide model systems to study the mechanisms of Ni tolerance and can also be used for phytoremediation by removing nickel from polluted environment.
Stepwise Frontal Analysis to Derive Equilibrium Sorption Data for Copper and Aniline on Functionalized Sporopollenin
Authors: Gezici Orhan , Ayar Ahmet
Published: April 2009

A dynamic method called stepwise frontal analysis (SFA) was used to derive equilibrium sorption data of copper and aniline on a carboxylated diaminoethane sporopollenin (CDAE‐S) solid phase. The derived data was modeled on the basis of some common adsorption isotherms, and the importance of Scatchard plot analysis in isotherm modeling was emphasized. In light of the applied isotherm models, the role of aminocarboxylic acid functionalities in the sorption of each chemical species was discussed in terms of specific and nonspecific binding.
Organochlorine Pesticides in Urban Air: Concentrations, Sources, Seasonal Trends and Correlation with Meteorological Parameters
Authors: Ozcan Senar , Aydin Mehmet Emin
Published: April 2009

The concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in both the gas and particulate phases of urban air samples were determined. The samples were collected between August 2006 and May 2007 at four different locations in Konya, Turkey. OCPs were analyzed by gas chromatography with micro electron capture detection (GC/μ‐ECD). The average total (gas + particulate) concentrations of OCPs were determined to be between 809 and 6309 pg/m3. The highest OCP levels were found in autumn. Total hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH, sum of α, β, γ, δ‐HCH), total DDT's (sum ofp,pi‐DDT,p,pi‐DDD andp,pi‐DDE) and endosulfan compounds (sum of endosulfan I, endosulfan II and endosulfan sulfate) were about 43, 25 and 17% of total OCPs, respectively. OCPs were predominantly detected in the particulate phase. Correlations were observed between OCP concentration and temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and Total Suspended Particulate, PM10, but the variation between meteorological parameters with OCP concentrations could not be explained completely. Despite banned/restricted use in Turkey, all the OCPs were found in urban air.p,pi‐DDT/p,pi‐DDE ratios were above 11 which is an indication of current use of DDT compounds. Therefore, it could be suggested that Konya is an actively contributing region to organochlorine pesticides pollutants in Turkey.
Preconcentration and Determination of Zinc and Lead Ions by a Combination of Cloud Point Extraction and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Ghaedi M. , Tavallali H. , Shokrollahi A. , Zahedi M. , Niknam K. , Soylak M.
Published: April 2009

The phase‐separation phenomenon of non‐ionic surfactants occurring in aqueous solution was used for the extraction of lead(II) and zinc(II). After complexation with 3‐[(4‐bromophenyl) (1‐H‐inden‐3‐yl)methyl]‐1 H‐indene (BPIMI), the analytes were quantitatively extracted to a phase rich in Triton X‐114 after centrifugation. Methanol acidified with 1 mol/L HNO3 was added to the surfactant rich phase prior to its analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The concentration of bis((1H‐benzo [d] imidazol‐2yl)ethyl)sulfane, Triton X‐114, pH and amount of surfactant were all optimized. Detection limits (3 SDb/m) of 2.5 and 1.6 ng/mL for Pb2+ and Zn2+ along with preconcentration factors of 30 and an enrichment factor of 32 and 48 for Pb2+ and Zn2+ ions were obtained, respectively. The proposed cloud point extraction was been successfully applied for the determination of these ions in real samples with complicated matrices such as food and soil samples, with high efficiency.
Statistical Optimization of Process Parameters for Cr (VI) Biosorption onto Mixed Cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Tarangini K. , Kumar Arvind , Satpathy G. R. , Sangal Vikas Kumar
Published: April 2009

In the present study, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the effects of different operating conditions on the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) onto mixed cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis (MCOPAABS) using biosorption processes. Box‐Behnken design (BBD) was used for optimization of the biosorption process and to evaluate the effects and interactions of the process variables, i. e., biomass concentration, pH, temperature and contact time on the removal of Cr (VI). A synthetic aqueous solution with a Cr (VI) concentration of 10 mg/L was used in the experimental study as a fixed input variable. The optimum conditions for maximum uptake (1.44 mg/g) of Cr (VI) onto the biosorbent were established as 0.5 g/L biosorbent dosage, pH 2 for the aqueous solution, 32°C temperature and 23 min contact time.
Determination of Chromium, Cadmium and Manganese in Water and Fish Samples After Preconcentration Using Penicillium digitatum Immobilized on Pumice Stone
Authors: Baytak Sitki , Türker A. Rehber
Published: April 2009

This study presents a procedure for preconcentration of Cr(III), Cd(II) and Mn(II) from water and biological samples using Penicillium digitatum immobilized on pumice stone. Optimum conditions such as pH, flow rate were evaluated. The recoveries of Cr(III), Cd(II) and Mn(II) under optimum conditions were found to be 98 ± 2%, 100 ± 2%, and 97 ± 2%, respectively, at a 95% confidence level. Detection limits were 2.0, 1.6 and 1.5 ng/mL for Cr(III), Cd(II) and Mn(II), respectively. The proposed procedure was successfully applied for the determination of chromium, cadmium and manganese in dam water, spring water and fish (Carp) samples. The accuracy was evaluated through the analysis of the certified standard reference fish tissue samples (IAEA‐407) and spiked fish and water samples.
Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Rain and Snow from Middle Germany
Authors: Regnery Julia , Püttmann Wilhelm
Published: April 2009

The role of precipitation as an important source of, and entry pathway for, organophosphates (OPs) into the aquatic environment was investigated. Rainwater and snow samples (53 and 43, respectively) collected between November 2007 and April 2008 from urban and remote areas of middle Germany were analyzed for OPs by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) after solid phase extraction (SPE). The analytes tris(2‐chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2‐chloro‐1‐methylethyl) phosphate (TCPP), tris(1,3‐dichloro‐2‐propyl) phosphate (TDCP), tris(2‐butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), tri‐iso‐butyl phosphate (TiBP), and tri‐n‐butyl phosphate (TnBP) were detected in almost all rain and snow samples. TCPP was the most abundant chlorinated alkyl‐phosphate ester in urban rainwater, with concentrations ranging from 46 to 2659 ng L–1. In general, concentrations of OPs in urban rainwater were 3 to 4 times higher than those at background monitoring stations, e. g., Schmücke and Thuringian Forest. Variable concentrations of chlorinated flame retardants were found in precipitation, but their occurrence was not correlated with air temperature. The results of the study indicate that volatilization of OPs from objects protected by flame retardants, including vehicles and buildings, causes these compounds to reach the aquatic environment via washout from the atmosphere, despite their reported short atmospheric half‐lives (< 24 h).
TOGp regulates microtubule assembly and density during mitosis and contributes to chromosome directional instability
Authors: Cassimeris Lynne , Becker Bret , Carney Bruce
Published: April 2009

TOGp, a member of the XMAP215 MAP family, is required for bipolar mitotic spindle assembly. To understand how TOGp contributes to spindle assembly, we examined microtubule dynamics after depleting TOGp by siRNA. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of GFP‐tubulin demonstrated that spindle microtubule turnover is slowed two‐fold in the absence of TOGp. Consistent with photobleaching results, microtubule regrowth after washout of the microtubule depolymerizing drug nocodazole was slower at the centrosomes and in the vicinity of mitotic chromatin in cells depleted of TOGp. The slower microtubule turnover is likely due to either nucleation or the transitions of dynamic instability because TOGp depletion did not effect the rate of plus end growth, measured by tracking EB1‐GFP at microtubule ends. In contrast, microtubule regrowth after nocodazole washout was unaffected by prior depletion of TACC3, a centrosomal protein that interacts with TOGp. Kinetochore fibers in both untreated and TOGp‐depleted cells were stable to incubation at 4°C or lysis in buffer containing calcium indicating that stable kinetochore‐microtubule attachments are formed in the absence of TOGp. Depletion of TOGp, but not TACC3, reduced kinetochore oscillations during prometaphase/metaphase. Defects in oscillations are not due simply to multipolarity or loss of centrosome focus in the TOGp‐depleted cells, since kinetochore oscillations appear normal in cells treated with the proteosome inhibitor MG132, which also results in multipolar spindles and centrosome fragmentation. We hypothesize that TOGp is required for chromosome motility as a downstream consequence of reduced microtubule dynamics and/or density. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fentanyl buccal tablet for the treatment of breakthrough pain in opioid‐tolerant patients with chronic cancer pain
Authors: Weinstein Sharon M. , Messina John , Xie Fang
Published: April 2009

BACKGROUND:

This study assessed the long‐term safety and tolerability of fentanyl buccal tablet (FBT) in opioid‐tolerant patients with cancer and breakthrough pain (BTP) who were either naive to FBT or had completed 1 of 2 previous double‐blind, placebo‐controlled FBT studies (rollover patients).

METHODS:

Patients who were FBT‐naive underwent titration to find a successful FBT dose. Rollover patients used a previously identified successful dose of FBT. Patients who achieved a successful dose were eligible to enter a maintenance phase (≥12 months). Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs), physical and neurologic examinations, and clinical laboratory tests.

RESULTS:

Two hundred thirty‐two patients were enrolled. A total of 112 entered titration; 79 identified a successful FBT dose, and 77 of these patients entered the maintenance phase along with 120 rollover patients (n = 197). AEs resulted in discontinuation of therapy for 33% of patients. The most common AEs were generally typical of opioids administered to cancer patients. All serious AEs were considered to be related to the patients' underlying conditions, except for 1 incident of FBT‐related drug withdrawal syndrome. Sixty patients died after enrollment because of disease progression. Fifteen (6%) patients experienced ≥1 application‐site AE, all of which were considered by investigators to be related to FBT.

CONCLUSIONS:

FBT was generally well tolerated and had a favorable safety profile in the long‐term (≥12 months) management of patients with persistent cancer pain and BTP. No unexpected AEs occurred. Safety and tolerability was similar to that observed in short‐term studies. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Toward a multimodal cell analysis of brush biopsies for the early detection of oral cancer
Authors: Remmerbach Torsten W. , Meyer‐Ebrecht Dietrich , Aach Til , Würflinger Thomas , Bell Andre A. , Schneider Timna E. , Nietzke Nadja , Frerich Bernhard , Böcking Alfred
Published: April 2009

BACKGROUND:

This report describes what to the authors' knowledge is the first clinical application of semiautomated multimodal cell analysis (MMCA), a novel technique for the early detection of cancer for cases with a limited number of suspicious cells. In this clinical study, MMCA was applied to oral cancer diagnostics on brush biopsies. The MMCA approach was based on the sequential application of multiple stainings of identical, slide‐based cells and repeated relocalizations and measurements of their diagnostic features, resulting in multiparametric features of individual cells. Data integration of the variously stained cells increased diagnostic accuracy. The implementation of MMCA also enabled fully automatic, adaptive image preprocessing, including registration of multimodal images and segmentation of cell nuclei.

METHODS:

In a preliminary clinical trial, 47 slides from brush biopsies of suspicious oral lesions were analyzed. The final histologic diagnoses included 20 squamous cell carcinomas, 7 hyperkeratotic leukoplakias, and 20 lichen planus mucosae.

RESULTS:

The stepwise application of 2 additional approaches (morphology, DNA content, argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region counts) increased the specificity of conventional cytologic diagnosis from 92.6% to 100%. This feasibility study provided a proof of concept, demonstrating efficiency, robustness, and diagnostic accuracy on slide‐based cytologic specimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

The authors concluded that MMCA may become a sensitive and highly specific, objective, and reproducible adjuvant diagnostic tool for the identification of neoplastic changes in oral smears that contain only a few abnormal cells. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Concurrent workload mapping for multicore security systems
Authors: Soewito Benfano , Weng Ning
Published: April 2009

Multicore based network processors are promising components to build real‐time and scalable security systems to protect the networks and systems. The parallel nature of the processing system makes it challenging for application developers to concurrently program security systems for high performance. In this paper we present an automatic programming methodology that considers application complexity, traffic variation, and attack signatures update. In particular, our mapping algorithm concurrently takes advantage of parallelism in the level of tasks, applications, and packets to achieve optimal performance. We present results that show the effectiveness of the analysis, mapping, and the performance of the model methodology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triplet Excitation Scavenging in Films of Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Schols Sarah , Kadashchuk Andrey , Heremans Paul , Helfer Anke , Scherf Ullrich
Published: April 2009

Nonvertical triplet energy transferin solid conjugated polymer films is demonstrated for the first time using 1,3,5,7‐cyclooctatetraene, a compound that can efficiently quench the phosphorescence of polyfluorene without affecting its fluorescence (see spectra). The results suggest that nonvertical triplet scavengers might be promising candidates for controlling the triplet concentration in fluorescent high‐brightness organic devices.

magnified image

Phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence of polyfluorene polymer films doped with cyclooctatetraene (COT) and anthracene are studied by means of time‐resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The occurrence of an anomalous nonvertical triplet energy transfer in solid conjugated polymer films is demonstrated for the first time employing the “nonvertical” COT triplet acceptor, which appears to behave similarly to conventional vertical triplet acceptors, such as anthracene. Both dopant molecules are found to efficiently quench the host phosphorescence of the polymer without affecting the host fluorescence—this can be attributed to the large singlet–triplet (S1–T1) splitting of these molecules. This S1–T1splitting is exceptionally large in COT due to its low‐lying relaxed triplet state, which is capable of accepting host triplet excitations. In contrast to anthracene, the triplet lifetime of the COT molecules is reasonably short, thus making a fast deactivation of the triplet excitations possible. This suggests that nonvertical triplet scavengers might be promising candidates for quenching the host triplet excitations in future electrically pumped fluorescence organic lasers, which suffer from excessive triplet‐state losses.
Photochemistry of Iodoform in Methanol: Formation and Fate of the Iso‐CHI2‐I Photoproduct
Authors: El‐Khoury Patrick Z. , Kwok Wai Ming , Guan Xiangguo , Ma Chensheng , Phillips David Lee , Tarnovsky Alexander N.
Published: April 2009

Ultrafast population and structural dynamics due to the iso‐CHI2‐I isomer product formed upon UV excitation of iodoform (CHI3) in solution is monitored by femtosecond transient absorption with deep‐UV through near‐IR probing and picosecond transient resonance Raman spectroscopy. Iso‐CHI2‐I is found to be a major photochemical product regardless of excitation wavelength (266 and 350 nm) and choice of solvent (methanol, acetonitrile, and cyclohexane), and is produced in 50 % quantum yield upon 266 nm excitation of CHI3 in CH3OH. The isomer remains stable up to at least several nanoseconds in C6H12 and CH3CN, but undergoes decay with a 740 ps lifetime in CH3OH simultaneously with the formation of an iodide ion. In agreement with the experiments, MP2 calculations suggest that iso‐CHI2‐I readily reacts with CH3OH via O‐H insertion/HI elimination reactions.
A novel service evolution approach for active services in ubiquitous computing
Authors: Tian Peng‐Wei , Zhang Yao‐Xue , Zhou Yue‐Zhi , Yang Laurence Tianruo , Zhong Ming , Weng Lin‐Kai , Wei Li
Published: April 2009

With the emergence of more and more personalized service requirements, service customization has become a compelling problem in ubiquitous computing. As a new paradigm for service customization, theActive Servicesreuses existing services and obtains the user‐needed service evolved from them. In this paper, a novel service reuse approach is proposed for service evolution process in the active services paradigm. Besides the entire service reuse realized in existing works, our approach can also achieve partial reuse of existing services at functionality level. To generate a user‐needed service, the reusable parts of each existing service are extracted with an index strategy and utilized directly, and then the missing functionalities to satisfy the service requirement are further implemented. As quality of service (QoS) is very important for ubiquitous services, in this paper, based on the general service evolution process, two types of QoS‐aware service reuse methods are also introduced. The proposed methods have been implemented and extensive experiments were done to evaluate them. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our methods in several measurements of service reuse: computation cost, success rate, and the quality of generated services. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of estradiol on incorporation of new cells in the developing zebra finch song system: Potential relationship to expression of ribosomal proteins L17 and L37
Authors: Tang Yu Ping , Wade Juli
Published: April 2009

Mechanisms regulating masculinization of the zebra finch song system are unclear; both estradiol and sex‐specific genes may be important. This study was designed to investigate relationships between estrogen and ribosomal proteins (RPL17 and RPL37; sex‐linked genes) that exhibit greater expression in song control nuclei in juvenile males than females. Four studies on zebra finches were conducted using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) injections on posthatching days 6–10 with immunohistochemistry for the ribosomal proteins and the neuronal marker HuC/D at day 25. Volumes of brain regions were also assessed in Nissl‐stained tissue. Most BrdU+ cells expressed RPL17 and RPL37. The density and percentage of cells co‐expressing BrdU and HuC/D was greatest in Area X. The density of BrdU+ cells in Area X (or its equivalent) and the percentage of these cells that were neurons were greater in males than females. In RA and HVC, total BrdU+ cells were increased in males. A variety of effects of estradiol were also detected, including inducing an Area X in females with a masculine total number of BrdU+ cells, and increasing the volume and percentage of new neurons in the HVC of females. The same manipulation in males decreased the density of BrdU+ cells in Area X, total number of BrdU+ cells in RA, and density of new neurons in HVC and RA. These data are consistent with the idea that RPL17, RPL37, and estradiol might all influence sexual differentiation, perhaps with the hormone and proteins interacting, such that an appropriate balance is required for normal development. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2009
An identified serotonergic neuron regulates adult neurogenesis in the crustacean brain
Authors: Sandeman D.C. , Benton J.L. , Beltz B.S.
Published: April 2009

New neurons are born and integrated into functional circuits in the brains of many adult organisms. In virtually all of these systems, serotonin is a potent regulator of neuronal proliferation. Specific neural pathways underlying these serotonergic influences have not, however, been identified and manipulated. The goal of this study was to test whether adult neurogenesis in the crustacean brain is influenced by electrical activity in the serotonergic dorsal giant neurons (DGNs) innervating the primary olfactory processing areas, the olfactory lobes, and higher order centers, the accessory lobes. Adult‐born neurons occur in two interneuronal cell clusters that are part of the olfactory pathway. This study demonstrates that neurogenesis also continues in these areas in a dissected, perfused brain preparation, although the rate of neuronal production is lower than in brains from intact same‐sized animals. Inclusion of 10−9 M serotonin in the perfusate delivered to the dissected brain preparation restores the rate of neurogenesis to in vivo levels. Although subthreshold stimulation of the DGN does not significantly alter the rate of neurogenesis, electrical activation of a single DGN results in significant increases in neurogenesis in Cluster 10 on the same side of the brain, when compared with levels on the contralateral, unstimulated side. Measurements of serotonin levels in the perfusate using high‐performance liquid chromatography established that serotonin levels are elevated about 10‐fold during DGN stimulation, confirming that serotonin is released during DGN activity. This is the first identified neural pathway through which adult neurogenesis has been directly manipulated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2009
Transferring Sondheimer's Annulene Chemistry into Three‐Dimensional Space
Authors: Werner Christian , Hopf Henning , Grunenberg Jörg , Ernst Ludger , Jones Peter G. , Köhler Felix , Herges Rainer
Published: April 2009

On treatment with potassium tert‐butoxide in tert‐butyl alcohol the two hydrocarbons 10 and 11 isomerize to the [6.6]paracyclophanes 12 and 13, respectively, with fully conjugated bridges, thus transferring the Sondheimer annulene chemistry to three‐dimensional space. The structures of the new hydrocarbons were established by spectroscopic data (12, 13) and X‐ray structural analysis (13) as well as by computational methods. According to ACID calculations these three‐dimensional aromatics are not Möbius systems.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Microwave‐Assisted Competing Domino Processes in the Octaline Diol Series
Authors: Elkhayat Zobida , Safir Imad , Aquino Maurizio , Perez Manuel , Gandara Zoila , Retailleau Pascal , Arseniyadis Siméon
Published: April 2009

A Pb(OAc)4‐mediated, path selective, modular domino transformation using an octaline diol framework as a probe is described. Alteration of the nature of the angular substituent or the length of the tether chain controls the effectiveness of the “ring‐expanded” versus “ring‐retained” domino path. The solvent can modify the behaviour of the transient intermediates and the reaction time is reduced under microwave heating, whereas water cleanly promotes oxidative/pericyclic transformations leading to half‐cascade intermediates when used as the solvent. Irrespective of the nature of the substituents (alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, acyloxy) and the solvent, all diol substrates react with PhI(OAc)2 to afford exclusively the interrupted cascade as the only domino product.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
By their words ye shall know them: Language abstraction and the likeability of describers
Authors: Douglas Karen M. , Sutton Robbie M.
Published: April 2009

According to the linguistic category model (LCM), behaviour can be described at concrete (e.g. ‘Kath hit Kim’) and abstract (e.g. ‘Kath is aggressive’) levels. Variations in these levels convey information about the person being described and the relationship between that person and the describer. In the current research, we examined the power of language abstraction to create impressions of describers themselves. Results show that describers are seen as less likeable when they use abstract (vs. concrete) language to describe the negative actions of others. Conversely, impressions of describers are more favourable when they opt for abstract descriptions of others' positive behaviours. This effect is partially mediated by the attribution of a communicative agenda to describers. By virtue of these attributional implications, language abstraction is an impression formation device that can impact on the reputation of describers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Universal multiplex PCR and CE for quantification of SMN1/SMN2 genes in spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Wang Chun‐Chi , Chang Jan‐Gowth , Jong Yuh‐Jyh , Wu Shou‐Mei
Published: April 2009

We established a universal multiplex PCR and CE to calculate the copy number of survival motor neuron (SMN1 and SMN2) genes for clinical screening of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). In this study, one universal fluorescent primer was designed and applied for multiplex PCR of SMN1, SMN2 and two internal standards (CYBB and KRIT1). These amplicons were separated by conformation sensitive CE. Mixture of hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose were used in this CE system. Our method provided the potential to separate two 390‐bp PCR products that differ in a single nucleotide. Differentiation and quantification of SMN1 and SMN2 are essential for clinical screening of SMA patients and carriers. The DNA samples included 22 SMA patients, 45 parents of SMA patients (obligatory carriers) and 217 controls. For evaluating accuracy, those 284 samples were blind‐analyzed by this method and denaturing high pressure liquid chromatography (DHPLC). Eight of the total samples showed different results. Among them, two samples were diagnosed as having only SMN2 gene by DHPLC, however, they contained both SMN1 and SMN2 by our method. They were further confirmed by DNA sequencing. Our method showed good agreement with the DNA sequencing. The multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was used for confirming the other five samples, and showed the same results with our CE method. For only one sample, our CE showed different results with MLPA and DNA sequencing. One out of 284 samples (0.35%) belonged to mismatching. Our method provided a better accurate method and convenient method for clinical genotyping of SMA disease.
CIEF and MALDI‐TOF‐MS methods for analyzing forms of the glycoprotein VEGF165
Authors: Ongay Sara , Puerta Angel , Díez‐Masa Jose Carlos , Bergquist Jonas , de Frutos Mercedes
Published: April 2009

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in different sicknesses (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and other). Out of the many components of the VEGF family, the A splice variant with 165 amino acids (VEGF165) is the main component. In spite of the potential as biomarker that this protein has, information about its physico‐chemical characteristics is scarce. In this study CIEF and MALDI‐TOF‐MS methods for intact recombinant human VEGF165 are developed and applied to analyze this glycoprotein expressed in glycosylating (Sf 21 insect cells) and non‐glycosylating (Escherichia coli) systems. Different parameters influencing the CIEF separation were studied. The developed CIEF method allowed for the separation of up to seven peaks in the VEGF165 expressed in insect cells and up to three in VEGF165 expressed in E. coli. The use of the presented method permits the estimation of the apparent pI of the different forms of VEGF165 expressed in insect cells to be in a range of 6.8–8.2. The three peaks with intermediate pI values are observed in the protein expressed in both systems, insect cells and E. coli. The MALDI‐TOF‐MS method enabled to a rapid partial characterization of VEGF165 based on its MS fingerprint. MALDI‐MS analysis of VEGF165 expressed in insect cells shows the presence of, at least, four forms or groups of forms of VEGF165 as a result of the different PTMs of the protein. According to the MALDI‐MS analysis, VEGF165 expressed in E. coli was produced as a very homogeneous protein, although the results suggest the existence of some PTMs in the protein. The patterns of VEGF165 of both origins obtained by CIEF and MALDI‐MS indicate the possibility of using these analytical methods to compare samples from people with different pathophysiological conditions. This work is thus a starting point to make possible the study of the role of the various forms of VEGF165 as biomarkers. Finally, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that intact VEGF165 has been analyzed by CIEF and MALDI‐TOF‐MS.
Reduced levels of miR‐34a in neuroblastoma are not caused by mutations in the TP53 binding site
Authors: Feinberg‐Gorenshtein Galina , Avigad Smadar , Jeison Marta , Halevy‐Berco Gili , Mardoukh Jacques , Luria Drorit , Ash Shifra , Steinberg Ran , Weizman Avraham , Yaniv Isaac
Published: April 2009

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children below the age of 5 years. miR‐34a, located in chromosome band 1p36, has been recently implicated as a tumor suppressor gene in NB. In addition, it has been shown that miR‐34a is activated by TP53 by binding to a TP53 binding site upstream to the mature miR‐34a. We studied NB tumors from 57 patients for miR‐34a expression levels, 1p status, mutations in the TP53 coding region and mutations of the TP53 binding site. Reduced expression levels of miR‐34a were identified in tumors harboring 1p36.3 Loss (P = 0.028). No mutations were identified in the coding region of TP53, or in the TP53 binding site. Thus, mutations in the binding site are not an additional mechanism for the inactivation of miR‐34a in NB. Other regulatory mechanisms controlling miR‐34a expression and its relationship to TP53 should be further explored. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.