bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shadows and properties of spin-induced scalarized black holes with and without a Ricci coupling
Authors: Fernandes Pedro G. S. , Burrage Clare , Eichhorn Astrid , Sotiriou Thomas P.
Published: May 2024

In this work, we explore the properties and shadows of spin-induced scalarized black holes, as well as investigate how a Ricci coupling influences them. Our findings reveal significant deviations from the Kerr metric in terms of the location and geodesic frequencies of the innermost stable circular orbit and light ring, with the former exhibiting more pronounced disparities. The shadows of scalarized black holes exhibit relatively minor deviations when compared to those of Kerr black holes with the same mass and spin. Overall, the presence of a Ricci coupling is observed to mitigate deviations from the Kerr metric.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Scalar radiation with a quartic Galileon
Authors: de Rham Claudia , Giblin John T. , Tolley Andrew J.
Published: May 2024

The class of Galileon scalar fields theories encapsulate the Vainshtein screening mechanism, which is characteristic of a large range of infrared modified theories of gravity. Such theories can lead to testable departures from general relativity through fifth forces and new scalar modes of gravitational radiation. However, the inherent nonlinearity of the Vainshtein mechanism has limited analytic attempts to describe Galileon theories with both cubic and quartic interactions. To improve on this, we perform direct numerical simulations of the quartic Galileon model for a rotating binary source and infer the power spectrum of given multipoles. To tame numerical instabilities we utilize a low-pass filter, extending previous work on the cubic Galileon. Our findings show that the multipole expansion is well defined and under control. Moreover, our results confirm that despite being a nonlinear scalar, the dominant Galileon radiation is quadrupole, and we find a new scaling behavior deep inside the Vainshtein region.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Treelike structure of symmetry topological field theories and multisector QFTs
Authors: Baume Florent , Heckman Jonathan J. , Hübner Max , Torres Ethan , Turner Andrew P. , Yu Xingyang
Published: May 2024

The global symmetries of a D-dimensional quantum field theory (QFT) can, in many cases, be captured in terms of a (D+1)-dimensional symmetry topological field theory (SymTFT). In this work we construct a (D+1)-dimensional theory which governs the symmetries of QFTs with multiple sectors which have connected correlators that admit a decoupling limit. The associated symmetry field theory decomposes into a SymTree, namely a treelike structure of SymTFTs fused along possibly nontopological junctions. In string-realized multisector QFTs, these junctions are smoothed out in the extradimensional geometry, as we demonstrate in examples. We further use this perspective to study the fate of higher-form symmetries in the context of holographic large M averaging where the topological sectors of different large M replicas become dressed by additional extended operators associated with the SymTree.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Self-Hybridized Vibrational-Mie Polaritons in Water Droplets
Authors: Canales Adriana , Kotov Oleg V. , Küçüköz Betül , Shegai Timur O.
Published: May 2024

We study the self-hybridization between Mie modes supported by water droplets with stretching and bending vibrations in water molecules. Droplets with radii >2.7  μm are found to be polaritonic on the onset of the ultrastrong light-matter coupling regime. Similarly, the effect is observed in larger deuterated water droplets at lower frequencies. Our results indicate that polaritonic states are ubiquitous and occur in water droplets in mists, fogs, and clouds. This finding may have implications not only for polaritonic physics but also for aerosol and atmospheric sciences.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Single file motion of robot swarms
Authors: Alonso-Llanes Laciel , Garcimartín Angel , Zuriguel Iker
Published: May 2024

We present experimental results on the single file motion of a group of robots interacting with each other through position sensors. We successfully replicate the fundamental diagram typical of these systems, with a transition from free flow to congested traffic as the density of the system increases. In the latter scenario we also observe the characteristic stop-and-go waves. The unique advantages of this novel system, such as experimental stability and repeatability, allow for extended experimental runs, facilitating a comprehensive statistical analysis of the global dynamics. Above a certain density, we observe a divergence of the average jam duration and the average number of robots involved in it. This discovery enables us to precisely identify another transition: from congested intermittent flow (for intermediate densities) to a totally congested scenario for high densities. Beyond this finding, the present work demonstrates the suitability of robot swarms to model complex behaviors in many particle systems.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Reducing linguistic profiling of individuals with communication disabilities to enhance careers: avoiding assumptions based on speech, language and communication mode
Authors: Caldwell Nicolette Sammarco , Holyfield Christine , Lorah Elizabeth , Rackensperger Tracy
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The paper aims to support employers in avoiding linguistic profiling of individuals with communication disabilities; thereby reducing their exclusion from the workforce. It provides employers and others in the workplace with examples of speech, language and communication differences, common false stereotypes and assumptions, and strategies to prevent and address the negative effects of linguistic profiling.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper offers a general overview of linguistic profiling as it relates to individuals with communication disabilities. Pertinent examples and findings from previous literature are included to illustrate linguistic profiling across speech, language and mode of communication, and to provide recommendations for inclusive workplace practices to ensure that career success is accessible to individuals with communication disabilities.

Findings

Linguistic profiling is a barrier to successful and inclusive employment for individuals with communication disabilities. Education, training and the use of inclusive practices can reduce linguistic profiling of individuals with communication disabilities in the workplace.

Originality/value

Though linguistic profiling used to make inferences of social constructs such as race and gender has long been discussed, little discussion surrounds individuals with communication disabilities and the impact it has in their lives and careers. This paper uniquely highlights communication disability in the linguistic profiling discussion so that organizations can be more aware of the impact and the need to create supportive and inclusive workplace environments and in turn reduce discrimination and increase diversity.
Antecedents and outcomes of firm internet-interactive capability in interfirm relationships
Authors: Feng Chao , Ding Shirui , Chen Hui , Zhang Yue
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore whether and how the two potential antecedents (i.e. relationship quality at the dyadic level and network density at the network level) affect firms’ internet-interactive capability (FIIC), referring to the capability of a specific firm to communicate and interact with the relevant partner firms on the basis of internet-interactive technologies in the internet environment and, at the same time, the following influence of FIIC on collaborative activities (i.e. joint planning and joint problem-solving).

Design/methodology/approach

This study designed a questionnaire and collected data on-site from 400 manufacturers. SmartPLS is used to validate the research model.

Findings

The results suggest that the dyadic relationship quality and network density of the partner group are both positively connected with a firm’s FIIC. Besides, FIIC is positively related to collaborative activities with its partners.

Research limitations/implications

Given the nature of our data (i.e. cross-sectional), the authors can collect longitudinal or experimental data to retest the hypotheses.

Practical implications

This study gives certain guidance for firms to be aware of the factors that motivate FIIC and use their FIIC to influence their employees’ collaborative activities in their relationships with partners, thereby promoting cooperation performance.

Originality/value

This study attempts to extend the resource-based theory based on the logic of motivation-capability by exploring the potential antecedents of FIIC and makes contributions to the current studies on the antecedents of FIIC, which provides actionable insights for firms to play the role of FIIC in interfirm interactions.
Developing a global B2B strategy for products and services management: practical guidance from the field
Authors: Mora Cortez Roberto , Lecaros Roberto
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the challenges of developing a global business-to-business (B2B) offering from an emerging economy (Chile) during an internationalization endeavor. This study analyzes the development and management of an offering evolving from local to global.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected via an in-depth interview (105 min).

Findings

The interviewee presented a mixed of interesting marketing and/or marketing-related decisions (e.g. marketing–sales interface and marketing capabilities development) that support the internationalization of a firm and consequently its offering.

Research limitations/implications

The data represent a practical, ongoing rationalization of the events perceived by a manager. New theory can emerge from further exploring identified research opportunities.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that an emerging economy firm can gradually transition toward a multinational condition by coordinating a series of marketing and/or marketing related decisions, where the CMO (i.e. maximum marketing authority in the organization) plays an essential role.

Originality/value

This study brings the voice of practitioners to an academic environment and serves as an innovative effort to analyze B2B practitioners’ reality from a scholarly perspective. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first one of the new series “Practitioners Insights” in the Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing.
The role of green bonds in reducing CO2 emissions: a case of developing countries
Authors: Arshad Ameena , Parveen Shagufta , Mir Faisal Nawaz
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The global economy is growing very fast, and it is also facing environmental challenges. Due to increased economic activities, global warming is rising as a result of greenhouse gas emissions. Concepts like green finance and green investments are emerging to battle climate issues. The present study empirically examines the impact of green bonds on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in developing countries, as these countries are producing 63% of CO2 emissions around the globe.

Design/methodology/approach

To check this impact, pooled ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed effect and generalized method of moments (GMM) techniques are applied using the annual data of 65 developing countries from 2008 through 2021.

Findings

The results indicate that the overall effect of green bonds on CO2 emissions is negative, as more issuance of green bonds reduces CO2 emissions, confirming results from the existing empirical literature. The study found that more foreign direct investment (FDI) and urbanization lead to more CO2 emissions, while increase in trade openness helps reduce CO2 emissions. It was found that promoting green bonds will help to promote environmentally friendly projects that will help to reduce CO2 emissions. Rapid urbanization has led to more energy demand for various industries like manufacturing, transportation and residential sectors, which leads to more CO2 emissions.

Practical implications

The policymakers in these countries should make policies that help in reducing carbon emission by increasing green bonds and FDI in supporting projects that are environmentally friendly. Therefore, to mitigate such current and future issues, policymakers in developing countries need to give serious attention to this area to fulfill sustainable development goals.

Originality/value

This study presents a pioneering examination of green bonds and CO2 emissions in 65 lower- and middle-income countries (developing countries). We have tried to cover all developing countries that are causing more greenhouse gas emissions and need to shift to green finance strategies. It will be a contribution to the body of knowledge regarding the role of green bonds in reducing CO2 emissions. The present study will help in assessing the importance of green bonds in bringing low-carbon economies.
Study on barrier properties, biodegradability and antimicrobial activity of linear low density polyethylene/starch blends
Authors: Shafik Emad S. , Faheem Mena , El-Sheikh Marwa , Mohamed Amira Abdalla Abdelshafy , Soliman Seham Samir
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The present work aims to prepare biocomposites blend based on linear low density polyethylene/ starch without using harmful chemicals to improve the adhesion between two phases. Also, the efficiency of essential oils as green plasticizers and natural antimicrobial agents were evaluated.

Design/methodology/approach

Barrier properties and biodegradation behavior of linear low density polyethylene/starch (LLDPE/starch) blends plasticized with different essential oils including moringa oleifera and castor oils wereassessed as a comparison with traditional plasticizer such as glycerol. Biodegradation behavior forLLDPE/starch blends was monitored by soil burial test. The composted samples were recovered then washed followed by drying, and weighting samples after 30, 60, and 90 days to assess the change in weight loss. Also, mechanical properties including retention values of tensile strength and elongation at break were measured before and after composting. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the change in the morphology of the polymeric blends. In addition to, the antimicrobial activity of plasticized LLDPE/starch blends films was evaluated using a standard plate counting technique.

Findings

The results illustrate that the water vapor transition rate increases from 2.5 g m−2 24 h−1 for LLDPE/5starch to 4.21 g m−2 24 h−1 and 4.43 g m−2 24 h−1 for castor and moringa oleifera respectively. Also, the retained tensile strength values of all blends decrease gradually with increasing composting period. Unplasticized LLDPE/5starch showed highest tensile strength retention of 91.6% compared to the other blends that were 89.61, 88.49 and 86.91 for the plasticized LLDPE/5starch with glycerol, castor and M. oleifera oils respectively. As well as, the presence of essential oils in LLDPE/ starch blends increase the inhibition growth of escherichia coli, candida albicans and staphylococcus aureus.

Originality/value

The objective of this work is to develop cost-effective and environmentally-friendly methods for preparing biodegradable polymers suitable for packaging applications.
Universal Jurisdiction: Law out of Context
Authors: Hovell Devika , Malagodi Mara
Published: May 2024

Universal jurisdiction enables the prosecution of international crimes by domestic courts in the absence of any nexus between the prosecuting state and the crime charged. While the temptation is for domestic judges to proceed with ‘business as usual’ in the conduct of such trials, difficulties in the practice of universal jurisdiction reflect the importance of developing a better understanding of the distinctive communities, interests, crimes and cultures these trials are intended to serve. The exercise of universal jurisdiction is commonly regarded as a form of domestic jurisdiction exercised pursuant to a sovereign right under international law. This article invites a re‐conceptualisation of the concept of universal jurisdiction, explaining that it is not a form of domestic jurisdiction acquired based on sovereign nexus between the crime charged and the prosecuting state. Instead, it should be recognised as a form of decentralised ‘international jurisdiction’, exercised as part of a state's contribution to the enforcement of international criminal law. This re‐conceptualisation has implications for the way in which domestic courts engage with many of the challenges facing universal jurisdiction trials, including problems of community, case selection, proof and translation.
Oral misoprostol alone, compared with oral misoprostol followed by oxytocin, in women induced for hypertension of pregnancy: A multicentre randomised trial
Authors: Mundle Shuchita , Lightly Kate , Durocher Jill , Bracken Hillary , Tadas Moushmi , Parvekar Seema , Shivkumar Poonam Varma , Faragher Brian , Easterling Thomas , Leigh Simon , Turner Mark , Alfirevic Zarko , Winikoff Beverly , Weeks Andrew D.
Published: May 2024

Objective

To assess whether, in those requiring continuing uterine stimulation after cervical ripening with oral misoprostol and membrane rupture, augmentation with low‐dose oral misoprostol is superior to intravenous oxytocin.

Design

Open‐label, superiority randomised trial.

Setting

Government hospitals in India.

Population

Women who were induced for hypertensive disease in pregnancy and had undergone cervical ripening with oral misoprostol, but required continuing stimulation after artificial membrane rupture.

Methods

Participants received misoprostol (25 micrograms, orally, 2‐hourly) or titrated oxytocin through an infusion pump. All women had one‐to‐one care; fetal monitoring was conducted using a mixture of intermittent and continuous electronic fetal monitoring.

Main outcome measures

Caesarean birth.

Results

A total of 520 women were randomised and the baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups. The caesarean section rate was not reduced with the use of misoprostol (misoprostol, 84/260, 32.3%, vs oxytocin, 71/260, 27.3%; aOR 1.23; 95% CI 0.81–1.85; P = 0.33). The interval from randomisation to birth was somewhat longer with misoprostol (225 min, 207–244 min, vs 194 min, 179–210 min; aOR 1.137; 95% CI 1.023–1.264; P = 0.017). There were no cases of hyperstimulation in either arm. The rates of fetal heart rate abnormalities and maternal side effects were similar. Fewer babies in the misoprostol arm were admitted to the special care unit (10 vs 21 in the oxytocin group; aOR 0.463; 95% CI 0.203–1.058; P = 0.068) and there were no neonatal deaths in the misoprostol group, compared with three neonatal deaths in the oxytocin arm. Women's acceptability ratings were high in both study groups.

Conclusions

Following cervical preparation with oral misoprostol and membrane rupture, the use of continuing oral misoprostol for augmentation did not significantly reduce caesarean rates, compared with the use of oxytocin. There were no hyperstimulation or significant adverse events in either arm of the trial.
Dual‐role regulator of a novel miR‐3040 in photoperiod‐mediated wing dimorphism and wing development in green peach aphid
Authors: Zhang Yun‐Hui , Qian Xin , Zong Xin , An Shi‐Heng , Yan Shuo , Shen Jie
Published: May 2024

Wing dimorphism is regarded as an important phenotypic plasticity involved in the migration and reproduction of aphids. However, the signal transduction and regulatory mechanism of wing dimorphism in aphids are still unclear. Herein, the optimal environmental conditions were first explored for inducing winged offspring of green peach aphid, and the short photoperiod was the most important environmental cue to regulate wing dimorphism. Compared to 16 L:8 D photoperiod, the proportion of winged offspring increased to 90% under 8 L:16 D photoperiod. Subsequently, 5 differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in aphids treated with long and short photoperiods were identified using small RNA sequencing, and a novel miR‐3040 was identified as a vital miRNA involved in photoperiod‐mediated wing dimorphism. More specifically, the inhibition of miR‐3040 expression could reduce the proportion of winged offspring induced by short photoperiod, whereas its activation increased the proportion of winged offspring under long photoperiod. Meanwhile, the expression level of miR‐3040 in winged aphids was about 2.5 times that of wingless aphids, and the activation or inhibition of miR‐3040 expression could cause wing deformity, revealing the dual‐role regulator of miR‐3040 in wing dimorphism and wing development. In summary, the current study identified the key environmental cue for wing dimorphism in green peach aphid, and the first to demonstrate the dual‐role regulator of miR‐3040 in photoperiod‐mediated wing dimorphism and wing development.
A long‐term study on the impact of climatic variables on two common nest‐dwelling ectoparasites of the Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus)
Authors: MERINO Maritxu , GARCÍA‐DEL RÍO Marina , CASTAÑO‐VÁZQUEZ Francisco , MERINO Santiago
Published: May 2024

We explored the potential influence of temperature and precipitation on the abundance of two nest‐dwelling ectoparasites (blowflies and mites) of Eurasian blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) during a period of 21 years and compared the results with those of a shorter period. The abundance of blowflies was negatively related to precipitation, which could prevent flies from locating their host, and laying date. In addition, blowflies were positively related to brood size (more food implies more parasites) and the interaction between precipitation and temperature. The highest abundances of blowfly pupae were attained in conditions of increasing precipitation and decreasing temperature, which should be more common at the beginning of the bird breeding season. Mites were significantly and positively related to laying date and the interaction between average precipitation and temperature but only for the larger dataset. Higher abundances of mites were related to intermediate values of temperature and precipitations, conditions that are found at the end of the breeding season. These results imply that optimal conditions for both parasites differ, with blowflies preferring earlier breeders and colder and more humid conditions than mites. Thus, the effects of the climatic conditions studied on parasite abundances are non‐monotonic and can vary with years and parasite species. Finally, the fact that average temperature and precipitation decreases across the years of study is probably due to the advancement in Eurasian blue tit laying date because we calculated those variables for the period of birds’ reproduction. This earlier nesting does not affect parasite abundance.
The rhizosphere of a drought‐tolerant plant species in Morocco: A refuge of high microbial diversity with no taxon preference
Authors: Legeay Jean , Errafii Khaoula , Ziami Abdelhadi , Hijri Mohamed
Published: May 2024

Arid and semi‐arid areas are facing increasingly severe water deficits that are being intensified by global climate changes. Microbes associated with plants native to arid regions provide valuable benefits to plants, especially in water‐stressed environments. In this study, we used 16S rDNA metabarcoding analysis to examine the bacterial communities in the bulk soil, rhizosphere and root endosphere of the plant Malva sylvestris L. in Morocco, along a gradient of precipitation. We found that the rhizosphere of M. sylvestris did not show significant differences in beta‐diversity compared to bulk soil, although, it did display an increased degree of alpha‐diversity. The endosphere was largely dominated by the genus Rhizobium and displayed remarkable variation between plants, which could not be attributed to any of the variables observed in this study. Overall, the effects of precipitation level were relatively weak, which may be related to the intense drought in Morocco at the time of sampling. The dominance of Rhizobium in a non‐leguminous plant is particularly noteworthy and may permit the utilization of this bacterial taxon to augment drought tolerance; additionally, the absence of any notable selection of the rhizosphere of M. sylvestris suggests that it is not significatively affecting its soil environment.
Bank sentiment and liquidity hoarding
Authors: Berger Allen N. , Kim Hugh Hoikwang , Ma Xiaonan “Flora”
Published: May 2024

We analyze how bank sentiment affects bank liquidity hoarding, distinguishing unexplained beliefs of bank managers from fundamental‐based beliefs. We build a bank management sentiment measure from textual analysis of 10‐Ks and utilize a comprehensive bank liquidity hoarding measure. We find that negative bank sentiment increases liquidity hoarding not warranted by a bank's fundamental conditions or external circumstances. Further analysis confirms that our findings reflect bank volition rather than being driven solely by borrowers or depositors. We address endogeneity concerns using exogenous weather conditions as instruments. Overall, our findings suggest that bank sentiment can influence how much liquidity banks provide to the economy and financial system.
Glycemic control assessed by continuous glucose monitoring during pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes and its association with preeclampsia, an observational Swedish cohort study
Authors: Englund Ögge Linda , Dotevall Annika , Elfvin Anders , Sandgren Ulrika , Linden Karolina , Bohlin Linnea , Wallstersson Bernadette , Sjödell Mårten , Augustinsson Jaine , Hagman Anna
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Women with type 1 diabetes have an increased risk of preeclampsia (PE), but it is not fully understood if degree of glycemic control is associated with this risk. The aim of this study was to assess glycemic control during pregnancy analyzed by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in women with and without PE and to investigate if glycemic control is associated with increased risk of PE.

Material and Methods

A total of 120 pregnant Swedish women with type 1 diabetes using CGM were included. Background factors and pregnancy outcomes were collected from medical records. CGM data were collected via the internet‐based platform Diasend. Mean glucose, standard deviation of mean glucose, percentage of time in target, time below target, and time above target were presented for each trimester in women who did or did not develop PE. Associations between CGM‐derived metrics and PE were analyzed with logistic regression and adjusted for confounders.

Results

Twenty‐two women (18.3%) developed PE. There were no significant differences in maternal characteristics between women with and without PE. Glycemic control improved in each trimester but was suboptimal in both groups. Time in target increased from 59% in the non‐PE group and 54% in the PE group in the first trimester to 65% in both groups in the third trimester. There were no significant associations between glycemic control and PE after adjustment for confounders.

Conclusions

Degree of glycemic control during pregnancy assessed by CGM was not associated with development of PE in women with type 1 diabetes. However, more research is needed to understand the role of glycemic control in relation to development of PE.
Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus present an accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors at age 46—A birth cohort study
Authors: Bakiris Evi , Luiro Kaisu , Jokelainen Jari , Morin‐Papunen Laure , Keinänen‐Kiukaanniemi Sirkka , Kaikkonen Kari , Piltonen Terhi , Tapanainen Juha S. , Auvinen Juha
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is globally increasing, and it has been associated with later type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, long‐term population‐based studies investigating common CVD risk factors years after pregnancy are lacking. To evaluate the future mortality and morbidity in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, we conducted a thorough investigation of midlife risk factors in women with and without previous GDM.

Material and Methods

A prospective population‐based cohort study was conducted of 3173 parous women from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort, 1966. Study participants were obtained from the national register or patient records. Those with a GDM diagnosis formed the GDM cohort (n = 271), and those without a previous GDM diagnosis formed the control cohort (n = 2902). Clinical examinations were performed on participants at the age of 46 and included anthropometric measurements, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), biochemical measurements, and cardiovascular assessment.

Results

At the age of 46, women in the GDM cohort had a higher body mass index (BMI, 29.0 kg/m2 vs 26.3 kg/m2, p < 0.001) and greater waist circumference (94.1 cm vs 86.5 cm, p < 0.001) than the control cohort. In the GDM cohort, a higher incidence of impaired glucose tolerance (12.6% vs 7.3%, p = 0.002), more previously diagnosed and OGTT‐detected type 2 diabetes (23.3% vs 3.9%, p < 0.001), lower high‐density lipoprotein (1.53 mmol/L vs 1.67 mmol/L, p = 0.011), higher triglycerides (1.26 mmol/L vs 1.05 mmol/L, p = 0.002) and a higher fatty liver index (6.82 vs 2.47, p < 0.001), were observed even after adjusting for BMI, polycystic ovary syndrome, parity, level of education, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The women in the GDM cohort also had more MetS (42.6% vs 21.9%, p < 0.001) and higher risk scores for CVD and fatal events (Framingham 4.95 vs 3.60, p < 0.001; FINRISK 1.71 vs 1.08, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Women with a previous diagnosis of GDM exhibit more risk factors for CVD in midlife and are at a higher risk for cardiovascular events later in life.
Current evidence of synaptic dysfunction after stroke: Cellular and molecular mechanisms
Authors: Li Chuan , Jiang Min , Fang Zhi‐Ting , Chen Zhiying , Li Li , Liu Ziying , Wang Junmin , Yin Xiaoping , Wang Jian , Wu Moxin
Published: May 2024

Background

Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease in which brain tissue is damaged due to sudden obstruction of blood flow to the brain or the rupture of blood vessels in the brain, which can prompt ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. After stroke onset, ischemia, hypoxia, infiltration of blood components into the brain parenchyma, and lysed cell fragments, among other factors, invariably increase blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability, the inflammatory response, and brain edema. These changes lead to neuronal cell death and synaptic dysfunction, the latter of which poses a significant challenge to stroke treatment.

Results

Synaptic dysfunction occurs in various ways after stroke and includes the following: damage to neuronal structures, accumulation of pathologic proteins in the cell body, decreased fluidity and release of synaptic vesicles, disruption of mitochondrial transport in synapses, activation of synaptic phagocytosis by microglia/macrophages and astrocytes, and a reduction in synapse formation.

Conclusions

This review summarizes the cellular and molecular mechanisms related to synapses and the protective effects of drugs or compounds and rehabilitation therapy on synapses in stroke according to recent research. Such an exploration will help to elucidate the relationship between stroke and synaptic damage and provide new insights into protecting synapses and restoring neurologic function.
The expression characteristic and prognostic role of Siglec‐15 in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sun Haijun , Du Qilong , Xu Yuyu , Rao Cheng , Xu Li , Yang Junrong , Mao Yuan , Wang Lin
Published: May 2024

Sialic acid‐binding immunoglobulin‐like lectin‐15 (Siglec‐15) has been identified as an immune suppressor and a promising candidate for immunotherapy of cancer management. However, the association between Siglec‐15 expression and clinicopathological features of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), especially the prognostic role, is not fully elucidated. In this present study, a serial of bioinformatics analyses in both tissue and cell levels were conducted to provide an overview of Siglec‐15 expression. Real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) test, western blotting assay, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses were conducted to evaluate the expression of Siglec‐15 in LUAD. Survival analysis and Kaplan–Meier curve were employed to describe the prognostic parameters of LUAD. The results of bioinformatics analyses demonstrated the up‐regulation of Siglec‐15 expression in LUAD. The data of qPCR, western blotting, and IHC analyses further proved that the expression of Siglec‐15 in LUAD tissues was significantly increased than that in noncancerous tissues. Moreover, the expression level of Siglec‐15 protein in LUAD was substantially associated with TNM stage. LUAD cases with up‐regulated Siglec‐15 expression, positive N status, and advance TNM stage suffered a critical unfavorable prognosis. In conclusion, Siglec‐15 could be identified as a novel prognostic biomarker in LUAD and targeting Siglec‐15 may provide a promising strategy for LUAD immunotherapy.
Structural and functional effects of global invasion pressure on benthic marine communities—patterns, challenges and priorities
Authors: Zaiko Anastasija , Cardeccia Alice , Carlton James T. , Clark Graeme F. , Creed Joel C. , Davidson Ian , Floerl Oliver , Galil Bella , Grosholz Edwin , Hopkins Grant A. , Johnston Emma L. , Kotta Jonne , Marchini Agnese , Ojaveer Henn , Ruiz Gregory , Therriault Thomas W. , Inglis Graeme J.
Published: May 2024

Aim

Retrospective (pre‐ vs. post‐invasion) and cross‐sectional comparisons of ecosystems exposed to high and low bioinvasion pressure, provide an alternative approach to evaluate shifts in biological communities associated with non‐indigenous species (NIS) introductions. In this study, we aimed to examine general patterns of change in community composition, structure and function in six well‐studied and globally distributed marine ecosystems that had documented histories of biological invasions.

Location

Global.

Methods

By considering a range of regional datasets and different sampling approaches, we evaluated trends within and among ecosystems by comparing paired measures of community and functional structure in either space or time.

Results

Our analyses revealed different patterns of structural and functional change at ecosystem scales, but direct comparisons across regions were hindered by confounding effects of study designs and other drivers of change. The most prominent shifts in community composition were observed in the retrospective studies, characterised by the greatest relative contribution of NIS. No uniform pattern of change in functional metrics was observed across study regions. However, functional evenness and dispersion showed a tendency to increase in systems under higher invasion pressure, refuting the hypothesis of selective accumulation of specific traits and functional homogenisation within ecosystems exposed to high invasion pressure.

Main Conclusions

Accumulation of NIS within broader communities can be a subtle process, with inherent spatial and temporal variability. Nonetheless, not only do species' proportional contributions to communities change over time in areas subjected to high bioinvasion pressure, but trait profiles can incrementally shift, which alters the original ecology of an area. Planned, long‐term studies that incorporate a range of measures of environmental drivers and ecosystem response are crucial for better understanding of cumulative, community‐level and ecosystem‐scale change associated with biological invasions.
Validation of the Individualized Metabolic Surgery score in predicting long‐term remission of diabetes after duodenal switch‐type procedures
Authors: Almuallem Sultan , Ali Abdulaziz Karam , Vourtzoumis Phil , Demyttenaere Sebastian , Court Olivier , Andalib Amin
Published: May 2024

Aim

To validate the Individualized Metabolic Surgery (IMS) score and assess long‐term remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D) after duodenal switch (DS)‐type procedures in patients with obesity. In addition, to help guide metabolic procedure selection for those patients categorized as having severe T2D.

Materials and Methods

This is a retrospective single cohort study of all patients with T2D and severe obesity, who underwent DS‐type procedures at a single institution from December 2010 to December 2018. Study endpoints included validating the IMS score in our cohort and evaluating the impact of DS‐type procedures on long‐term (≥ 5 years) remission of T2D, especially in patients with severe disease. A receiver operator characteristic curve was used to assess the accuracy of the IMS score using the area under the curve (AUC).

Results

The study cohort included 30 patients with complete baseline and long‐term glycaemic data after their index DS‐type surgery. Twelve patients (40%) were classified with severe T2D, and the distribution of IMS‐based severity groups was similar between our cohort and the original IMS study (P = .42). IMS scores predicted long‐term T2D remission with AUC = 0.77. Patients with IMS‐based severe diabetes achieved significantly higher long‐term remission after DS‐type procedures compared with gastric bypass and/or sleeve gastrectomy from the original IMS study (42% vs. 12%; P < .05).

Conclusions

The IMS score properly classifies the severity of T2D in our study cohort and adequately predicts its long‐term remission after DS‐type procedures. While T2D remission decreases with more severe IMS scores, long‐term remission remains high after DS‐type procedures among patients with severe disease.
Absence of female preference and the origin of a unisexual species, the Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa)
Authors: Smith Caden , Berbel‐Filho Waldir Miron , Spikes Montrai , Fyon Frederic , Úbeda Francisco , Schlupp Ingo
Published: May 2024

The role of hybridization as a formative process in evolution has received much attention in the past few decades. A particularly fascinating outcome of hybrid speciation is the formation of asexual hybrid species. The Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa) is such a hybrid and originated from a P. mexicana mother and a P. latipinna father. Consequently, a heterospecific mating must have occurred leading to the Amazon molly, indicating a breakdown of any potential prezygotic isolation between parental species. Here we studied the female mate preferences of extant P. mexicana and P. latipinna from several populations using standard binary choice tests with males of both sexual species that were matched for size. Poecilia mexicana and P. latipinna can be crossed in the lab, however, the offspring are not asexual, but sexual F1s. In our study, we generated F1s and tested their mating preferences with sexual males of both P. mexicana and P. latipinna against F1 males. Overall, our results show that in extant P. mexicana and P. latipinna no female preference for conspecific males was detectable. Consequently, heterospecific matings are possible and not hindered by any apparent behavioral prezygotic isolation. If female preferences in these species were comparable around the time the Amazon molly originated as a hybrid species ca. 100,000 years ago, matings leading to hybrids would be very likely. F1 females also have no discernable mating preferences for either sexual males or F1 males. Such lack of prezygotic behavioral isolation could potentially lead to F2 individuals, backcrosses, and introgression.
Realist synthesis of a rapid response system in managing mental state deterioration in acute hospital settings
Authors: Dziruni Tendayi Bruce , Hutchinson Alison M. , Coomer Jack , Keppich‐Arnold Sandra , Bucknall Tracey
Published: May 2024

Mental state deterioration in patients poses significant challenges in healthcare, potentially resulting in adverse outcomes for patients and continued reliance on restrictive interventions. Implementing evidence‐based approaches such as a rapid response system that prioritises early identification and intervention can effectively manage adverse outcomes. However, little is known regarding the effectiveness of these interventions. The objective of this synthesis was to test and refine initial programme theories by synthesising evidence to understand what works, for whom and under what circumstances. Based on the realist synthesis methodology, we searched EMBASE, CINAHL, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library and grey literature for evidence to inform contexts, mechanisms and outcomes on the functioning of a rapid response model. We identified 28 relevant sources encompassing peer‐reviewed journal articles and grey literature. This synthesis identified three important elements that contribute to the effectiveness of a rapid response system for managing mental state deterioration: care processes, therapeutic practices and organisational support. Essential elements include improving confidence and clinical skills through training, timely assessment and intervention, teamwork, communication and the creation of governance structures for monitoring and evaluation. To ensure the effectiveness, an organisation must adopt a comprehensive approach that incorporates organisational support, resource allocation, training, clear communication channels and commitment to continuous quality improvement. However, implementing interventions within a complex healthcare system requires thoughtful consideration of the organisational culture and governance structures. By taking a comprehensive and holistic approach to improvement initiatives, organisations can strive to achieve optimal outcomes in managing mental state deterioration and improving patient care.
Cross‐Reactive Antibody Responses to Coronaviruses Elicited by SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection or Vaccination
Authors: Lee Richard S. H. , Cheng Samuel M. S. , Zhao Jin , Tsoi Annie Y. S. , Lau Kaman K. M. , Chan CoCo H. C. , Li John K. C. , Hui David S. C. , Peiris Malik , Yen Hui‐Ling
Published: May 2024

Background

The newly emerged SARS‐CoV‐2 possesses shared antigenic epitopes with other human coronaviruses. We investigated if COVID‐19 vaccination or SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may boost cross‐reactive antibodies to other human coronaviruses.

Methods

Prevaccination and postvaccination sera from SARS‐CoV‐2 naïve healthy subjects who received three doses of the mRNA vaccine (BioNTech, BNT) or the inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac, CV) were used to monitor the level of cross‐reactive antibodies raised against other human coronaviruses by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. In comparison, convalescent sera from COVID‐19 patients with or without prior vaccination history were also tested. Pseudoparticle neutralization assay was performed to detect neutralization antibody against MERS‐CoV.

Results

Among SARS‐CoV‐2 infection−naïve subjects, BNT or CV significantly increased the anti‐S2 antibodies against Betacoronaviruses (OC43 and MERS‐CoV) but not Alphacoronaviruses (229E). The prevaccination antibody response to the common cold human coronaviruses did not negatively impact the postvaccination antibody response to SARS‐CoV‐2. Cross‐reactive antibodies that binds to the S2 protein of MERS‐CoV were similarly detected from the convalescent sera of COVID‐19 patients with or without vaccination history. However, these anti‐S2 antibodies do not possess neutralizing activity in MERS‐CoV pseudoparticle neutralization tests.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or vaccination may potentially modulate population immune landscape against previously exposed or novel human coronaviruses. The findings have implications for future sero‐epidemiological studies on MERS‐CoV.
Isolation of Naegleria lustrarea n. sp. (Excavata, Discoba, Heterolobosea) from the feces of Ambystoma annulatum (Ringed Salamander) in Northwest Arkansas
Authors: Becker Brian M. , Banson Idan , Walker James M. , Deshwal Anant , Brown Matthew W. , Silberman Jeffery D.
Published: May 2024

The salamander, Ambystoma annulatum, is considered a “species of special concern” in the state of Arkansas, USA, due to its limited geographic range, specialized habitat requirements and low population size. Although metazoan parasites have been documented in this salamander species, neither its native protists nor microbiome have yet been evaluated. This is likely due to the elusive nature and under‐sampling of the animal. Here, we initiate the cataloguing of microbial associates with the identification of a new heterlobosean species, Naegleria lustrarea n. sp. (Excavata, Discoba, Heterolobosea), isolated from feces of an adult A. annulatum.
Comparison of deep learning models to traditional Cox regression in predicting survival of colon cancer: Based on the SEER database
Authors: Qu Zihan , Wang Yashan , Guo Dingjie , He Guangliang , Sui Chuanying , Duan Yuqing , Zhang Xin , Meng Hengyu , Lan Linwei , Liu Xin
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim

In this study, a deep learning algorithm was used to predict the survival rate of colon cancer (CC) patients, and compared its performance with traditional Cox regression.

Methods

In this population‐based cohort study, we used the characteristics of patients diagnosed with CC between 2010 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. The population was randomized into a training set (n = 10 596, 70%) and a test set (n = 4536, 30%). Brier scores, area under the (AUC) receiver operating characteristic curve and calibration curves were used to compare the performance of the three most popular deep learning models, namely, artificial neural networks (ANN), deep neural networks (DNN), and long‐short term memory (LSTM) neural networks with Cox proportional hazard (CPH) model.

Results

In the independent test set, the Brier values of ANN, DNN, LSTM and CPH were 0.155, 0.149, 0.148, and 0.170, respectively. The AUC values were 0.906 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.897–0.916), 0.908 (95% CI 0.899–0.918), 0.910 (95% CI 0.901–0.919), and 0.793 (95% CI 0.769–0.816), respectively. Deep learning showed superior promising results than CPH in predicting CC specific survival.

Conclusions

Deep learning showed potential advantages over traditional CPH models in terms of prognostic assessment and treatment recommendations. LSTM exhibited optimal predictive accuracy and has the ability to provide reliable information on individual survival and treatment recommendations for CC patients.