bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and Functional Characterization of a Novel Androgen Receptor Coregulator, EAP1
Authors: Yokoyama Atsushi , Kouketsu Takumi , Otsubo Yuri , Noro Erika , Sawatsubashi Shun , Shima Hiroki , Satoh Ikuro , Kawamura Sadafumi , Suzuki Takashi , Igarashi Kazuhiko , Sugawara Akira
Published: September 2021

The androgen receptor (AR) plays an essential role in the development of prostate cancer, and androgen-deprivation therapy is used as a first-line treatment for prostate cancer. However, under androgen-deprivation therapy, castration-resistant prostate cancer inevitably arises, suggesting that the interacting transcriptional coregulators of AR are promising targets for developing novel therapeutics. In this study, we used novel proteomic techniques to evaluate the AR interactome, including biochemically labile binding proteins, which might go undetected by conventional purification methods. Using rapid immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry of endogenous proteins, we identified enhanced at puberty 1 (EAP1) as a novel AR coregulator, whereas its interaction with AR could not be detected under standard biochemical conditions. EAP1 enhanced the transcriptional activity of AR via the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, and its ubiquitination substrate proteins included AR and HDAC1. Furthermore, in prostate cancer specimens, EAP1 expression was significantly correlated with AR expression as well as a poor prognosis of prostate cancer. Together, these results suggest that EAP1 is a novel AR coregulator that promotes AR activity and potentially plays a role in prostate cancer progression.
Case Report: Digital analysis of occlusion with T-Scan Novus in occlusal splint treatment for a patient with bruxism
Authors: Shopova Dobromira , Bozhkova Tanya , Yordanova Svetlana , Yordanova Miroslava
Published: September 2021

Bruxism is a disease with a multifactorial etiology. Its clinical manifestations are most often an unaesthetic smile with abraded tooth surfaces, temporomandibular disorders and muscle hyperactivity. Here we present a case of bruxism where proper articulation of the occlusal splint was performed using the T-scan Novus system.

A patient with bruxism underwent treatment with stabilization splint made by 3D printer technology. Intraoral scanning was performed using Trios Color (3Shape, 2014), and the digital design was achieved using the 3Shape Dental system design - splint studio. Formlabs Form 2 printer with biocompatible resin Dental LT Clear Resin was used for printing. The T-Scan Novus system with software attached to it, version 9.1, was used for digital examination of the occlusion. A 2.7 mm thick occlusal splint was developed, and the software adapted the occlusion with antagonists. After adjustment with T-Scan Novus, a reduction in disocclusion time of the patient was achieved, which is a desired result in the treatment of bruxism. The position of the joint components was proven radiologically.

The treatment of bruxism with splint therapy continues to be the main method of treatment. Using digital technology allows for more accurate constructions and precise balancing of occlusal relationships.
Pregnancy Surveillance Methods within Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems
Authors: Kwon Christie , Naser Abu Mohd , Eilerts Hallie , Reniers Georges , Argeseanu Cunningham Solveig
Published: September 2021

Background: Pregnancy identification and follow-up surveillance can enhance the reporting of pregnancy outcomes, including stillbirths and perinatal and early postnatal mortality. This paper reviews pregnancy surveillance methods used in Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems (HDSSs) in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods: We searched articles containing information about pregnancy identification methods used in HDSSs published between January 2002 and October 2019 using PubMed and Google Scholar. A total of 37 articles were included through literature review and 22 additional articles were identified via manual search of references. We reviewed the gray literature, including websites, online reports, data collection instruments, and HDSS protocols from the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Study (CHAMPS) Network and the International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations and Their Health (INDEPTH). In total, we reviewed information from 52 HDSSs described in 67 sources.

Results: Substantial variability exists in pregnancy surveillance approaches across the 52 HDSSs, and surveillance methods are not always clearly documented. 42% of HDSSs applied restrictions based on residency duration to identify who should be included in surveillance. Most commonly, eligible individuals resided in the demographic surveillance area (DSA) for at least three months. 44% of the HDSSs restricted eligibility for pregnancy surveillance based on a woman’s age, with most only monitoring women 15-49 years. 10% had eligibility criteria based on marital status, while 11% explicitly included unmarried women in pregnancy surveillance. 38% allowed proxy respondents to answer questions about a woman’s pregnancy status in her absence. 20% of HDSSs supplemented pregnancy surveillance with investigations by community health workers or key informants and by linking HDSS data with data from antenatal clinics.

Conclusions: Methodological guidelines for conducting pregnancy surveillance should be clearly documented and meticulously implemented, as they can have implications for data quality and accurately informing maternal and child health programs.
A GC-IRMS method for measuring sulfur isotope ratios of carbonyl sulfide from small air samples
Authors: Baartman Sophie L. , Krol Maarten C. , Röckmann Thomas , Hattori Shohei , Kamezaki Kazuki , Yoshida Naohiro , Popa Maria Elena
Published: September 2021

A new system was developed for measuring sulfur isotopes δ33S and δ34S from atmospheric carbonyl sulfide (COS or OCS) on small air samples of several liters, using a pre-concentration and gas chromatography – isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS) method. Measurements of COS isotopes provide a tool for quantifying the COS budget, which will help towards better understanding climate feedback mechanisms. For a 4 liter sample at ambient COS mixing ratio, ~500 parts per trillion (ppt), we obtain a reproducibility error of 2.1 ‰ for δ33S and 0.4 ‰ for δ34S. After applying corrections, the uncertainty for an individual ambient air sample measurement is 3.3 ‰ for δ33S and 0.9 ‰ for δ34S. The ability to measure small samples allows application to a global-scale sampling program with limited logistical effort. To illustrate the application of this newly developed system, we present a timeseries of ambient air measurements, during the fall and winter of 2020 and 2021 in Utrecht, the Netherlands. The observed background values were δ33S = 1.0 ± 3.4 ‰ and δ34S = 15.5 ± 0.8 ‰ (VCDT). The maximum observed COS mixing ratios was 620 ppt, suggesting that the Netherlands receives little COS-containing anthropogenic emissions. We observed a change in COS mixing ratio and sometimes also δ34S with different air mass origin, as modelled with the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT) backward trajectory analyses. An increasing trend of 40 ppt was observed in the COS mixing ratio between fall and winter, which is consistent with the expected seasonal cycle in the Netherlands. Additionally, we present the results from samples taken inside a highway tunnel in Utrecht to characterize vehicle COS emissions and isotopic composition. The vehicle emissions were small, with a COS/CO2 ratio of 0.4 ppt/ppm; the isotopic signatures are depleted relatively to background atmospheric COS.
Assessing hepatitis C virus distribution among vulnerable populations in London using whole genome sequencing: results from the TB-REACH study
Authors: Aisyah Dewi Nur , Story Alistair , Kremyda-Vlachou Myrto , Kozlakidis Zisis , Shalcross Laura , Hayward Andrew
Published: September 2021

Background: Injecting drugs substantially increases the risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and is common in vulnerable population groups, such as the homeless and prisoners. Capturing accurate data on relative genotype distribution within these groups is essential to inform strategies to reduce HCV transmission. The aim of this study was to utilise a next-generation whole-genome sequencing method recently validated by Public Health England, in order to produce near complete HCV genomes.

Methods: In total, 98 HCV positive patients were recruited from homeless hostels and drug treatment services through the National Health Services (NHS) Find and Treat (F&T) Service between May 2011 and June 2013 in London, UK. Samples were sequenced by Next-generation sequencing, with 88 complete HCV genomes constructed by a de novo assembly pipeline. They were analysed phylogenetically for an estimate of their genetic distance.

Results: Of the 88 complete HCV genomes, 50/88 (56.8%) were genotype 1; 32/88 (36.4%) genotype 3; 4/88 (4.5%) genotype 2; and 1/88 (1.1%) for genotypes 4 and 6 each. Subtype 1a had the highest number of samples (51.1%), followed by subtype 3a (35.2%), 1b (5.7%), and 2b (3.4%). Samples collected from drug treatment services had the highest number of genotype 1 (69%); genotypes 4 and 6 were only found from samples collected in homeless shelters. Small clusters of highly related genomic sequences were observed both across and within the vulnerable groups sampled.

Conclusions: Subsequent phylogenetic analysis provides a first indication that there are related HCV sequences amongst the three vulnerable population groups, reflecting their overlapping social behaviours. This study is the first presentation of whole genome HCV sequences from such vulnerable groups in London and paves the way for similar research in the future.
The genome sequence of the yellow-tail moth, Euproctis similis (Fuessly, 1775)
Authors: Boyes Douglas H. , Holland Peter W.H. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: September 2021

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Euproctis similis (the yellow-tail; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Lymantriidae). The genome sequence is 508 megabases in span. The majority of the assembly is scaffolded into 22 chromosomal pseudomolecules, with the Z sex chromosome assembled.
An update on the cause and treatment of sleep disturbance in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Seo Wan Seok
Published: September 2021

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormalities in social communication/interaction and restrictive, repetitive patterns of behavior. ASD is a relatively common psychiatric disorder, with a prevalence of approximately 1.7% in children. Although many children and adolescents with ASD visit the hospital for medical help for emotional and behavioral problems such as mood instability and self-harming behavior, there are also many visits for sleep disturbances such as insomnia and sleep resistance. Sleep disturbances are likely to increase fatigue and daytime sleepiness, impaired concentration, negatively impact on daytime functioning, and pose challenges in controlling anger and aggressive behavior. Sleep disturbance in children and adolescents with ASD negatively affects the quality of life, nothing to say the quality of life of their families and school members. In this review, sleep disturbances that are common in children and adolescents with ASD and adolescents are presented. The developmental and behavioral impacts of sleep disturbances in ASD were also considered. Finally, non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments for sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with ASD and adolescents are reviewed.
Current Issues of Providing the Personnel of the Radiation Hazardous Facilities with Personal Protection Equipment Complying with the Requirements and Working Conditions
Authors: Rubcov V. , Trebuhin A. , Nefedov A. , Klochkova E. , Olenina I. , Zinoviev V. , Timoshenko A. , Isaev O , Bogdanov M. , Bogdanov S. , Egereva T.
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The article covers issues related to the providing personal protection for the personnel of radiation hazardous facilities. Specific character of working conditions at the enterprises in the field of atomic energy use is caused by extremely high toxic level of radioactive substances and the fact that there is no human sense organ which can identify dangerous levels of radiation exposure. Establishment of mandatory requirements for manufacturing, identification and verification of personal protection equipment (PPE) in the field of atomic energy use is needed because using of low-quality PPE and PPE not complying with working conditions poses a risk for the health of workers. The article provides results of analysis of the regulatory frameworks, both current and under development, which set the requirements for PPE.

Results: Since 2017 Rosatom is executing plans for development of series of industry standards specifying requirements for PPE in the field of atomic energy use and methods of their testing. More than 25 interstate and national standards on PPE were included in the Summary list of standardization documents in the field of atomic energy use. PPE was included in the list of products subject to mandatory certification and having requirements for safety assurance in the field of atomic energy use specified.

Industry and national standards establishing requirements for PPE protecting from tritium, radioactive noble gases, radioactive iodine, high-toxic alpha-emitting radionuclides, as well as standards on methods of their testing are planned to be developed soon.

Conclusion: The system of standardizing requirements for PPE in the field of atomic energy use created by, together with existing system of certification of PPE in the field of atomic energy use will help to increase effectiveness of personal protection of the personnel at radiation and chemical hazardous facilities in nuclear industry.
Enhancing the Regulatory Support of Occupational Radiation Protection during Decommissioning and Dismantling of Ships with Nuclear Power Installations and Nuclear Service Vessels
Authors: Simakov A. , Arefeva D. , Abramov Yu. , Proskuryakova N , Kemskiy I. , Shayahmetova A.
Published: September 2021

Results: Information is provided on the developed regulatory and methodological documents including health physics and organizational requirements for the radiation safety and protection supervision in the course of work on decommissioning and dismantling of nuclear submarines, nuclear service ships and surface vessels with nuclear installations, as well as during storage of reactor compartments of decommissioned nuclear submarines and block packs of nuclear service ships.

Conclusion: The developed documents are aimed at further improving the regulatory legal and methodological support of citizens’ rights to safe working conditions, health protection and social protection.
arte, invenção, saúde e... bum!
Authors: Passetti Edson , Lucchesi Flávia
Published: September 2021

Vinte anos após a chamada lei antimanicomial, torna-se importante revolver as proveniências da luta antipsiquiatria e a situação atual do controle da loucura como doença mental redimensionada em saúde para se perguntar sobre os efeitos da reforma.
Processos de aprendizagem das atividades de educação em saúde no cotidiano de trabalho dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde
Authors: Lopes Marcia Cavalcanti Raposo , Morel Cristina Maria Toledo Massadar
Published: September 2021

Este artigo analisa como os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) desenvolvem suas atividades educativas e quais experiências estimulam processos de questionamento e aprimoramento destas atividades. Promove-se uma discussão sobre onde eles buscam referências para realizarem estas atividades; em que medida os serviços de saúde favorecem este processo e como aprendem, apreendem e aprimoram seu trabalho. Estas reflexões tomaram por base a análise de entrevistas dialogadas realizadas com nove ACS atuantes no estado do Rio de Janeiro há mais de dois anos. Observou-se como estes trabalhadores, mesmo sem as condições adequadas de trabalho, produzem sentidos para os eventos de seu dia a dia, se reinventando. Entretanto, identificou-se a importância de um espaço de formação para eles. Tal espaço pode ser enriquecedor e promover a construção de práticas educativas potentes para a transformação, não de hábitos, mas de sujeitos - trabalhadores e usuários - na luta por condições de saúde e vida melhores.
Dielectric super-absorbing metasurfaces via PT symmetry breaking
Authors: Yu Jianbo , Ma Binze , Ouyang Ao , Ghosh Pintu , Luo Hao , Pattanayak Arnab , Kaur Sandeep , Qiu Min , Belov Pavel , Li Qiang
Published: September 2021

Dielectric super-absorbing (

>

50

%

) metasurfaces, born of necessity to break the 50% absorption limit of an ultrathin film, offer an efficient way to manipulate light. However, in previous works, super absorption in dielectric systems was predominately realized via making two modes reach the degenerate critical coupling condition, which restricted the two modes to be orthogonal. Here, we demonstrate that in nonorthogonal-mode systems, which represent a broader range of metasurfaces, super absorption can be achieved by breaking parity-time (PT) symmetry. As a proof of concept, super absorption (100% in simulation and 71% in experiment) at near-infrared frequencies is achieved in a Si-Ge-Si metasurface with two nonorthogonal modes. Engineering PT symmetry enriches the field of non-Hermitian flat photonics, opening-up new possibilities in optical sensing, thermal emission, photovoltaic, and photodetecting devices.
Prevalence of the five newborn screening tests
Authors: Pinheiro Josilene Maria Ferreira , Flor Taiana Brito Menêzes , Marinho Cristiane da Silva Ramos , Pires Vanessa Cristina da Costa , Oliveira Luana Isabelly Carneiro de , Bezerra Mara Rúbia de Oliveira , Clementino Jéssica Rodrigues , Andrade Fábia Barbosa de
Published: September 2021

Neonatal screening is essential for child health and has the following purposes: (1) pulse oximetry screening to evaluate congenital heart diseases; (2) red reflex examination to investigate eye diseases; (3) newborn hearing screening test to evaluate congenital hearing diseases; (4) tongue test to evaluate the lingual frenulum and identify communication and feeding problems; (5) the Guthrie test to screen for metabolic diseases. This study investigated the prevalence of the five neonatal screening tests and its associated institutional and socio-cultural factors using a cross-sectional study with 415 mother and baby binomials from public maternity hospitals in Natal, RN, Brazil in 2019. Pearson’s chi-squared, Mann-Whitney and Poisson regression tests were used, with a significance of p ≤ 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. The sample loss was 71 mothers (17%). The prevalence in the first week and at the end of 28 days was 93% and 99.5% (pulse oximetry screening), 60% and 97.6% (red reflex examination), 71.9% and 93.6% (Guthrie test), 35.5% and 68.2% (hearing screening test), and 19% and 48.9% (tongue test). Only 152 newborns (36.6%) underwent all five tests. The performance of the tests was associated in the final model (p ≤ 0.05) with the residence of the mothers in the state capital (PR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.18–1.56) and the provision of guidance for mothers about the five tests in maternity hospitals (PR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.08–1.67). None of the tests met full coverage, and regional inequities were identified indicating the need to restructure the institutions, training and qualification procedures to improve of the work processes and longitudinal care.
Attitude of youth towards self-employment: Evidence from university students in Yemen
Authors: Al-Qadasi Nabil , Zhang Gongyi , Al-Jubari Ibrahim
Published: September 2021

This study assesses whether final-year undergraduate students at Sana’a University, Yemen intend to start their own business. The study employs the theory of planned behaviour and two environmental factors to explore whether the theory’s behavioural factors and the contextual factors of Lüthje & Franke’s model have an impact on students’ intentions to start their own business. A questionnaire survey with a random sample of 335 final-year university students from the largest public university in Yemen has been conducted. Data has been analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation and structural equation modelling. The findings indicate that students’ perceptions of entrepreneurship have a strong, direct impact on self-employment intention, excluding social norms and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Students’ self-employment intention is directly affected by perceived barriers and support factors in the entrepreneurship-related context. To increase their entrepreneurial abilities, university students require more training and education to be able to start new businesses. Developing entrepreneurial skills among citizens may improve the societal norms of business. The outcomes provide significant implications for policymakers, academic communities and international bodies.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) inhibitor 4-IPP downregulates stemness phenotype and mesenchymal trans-differentiation after irradiation in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Lee Shin Heon , Kwon Hyung Joon , Park Saewhan , Kim Chan Il , Ryu Haseo , Kim Sung Soo , Park Jong Bae , Kwon Jeong Taik
Published: September 2021

Radiation therapy is among the most essential treatment methods for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Radio-resistance and cancer stem cell properties can cause therapeutic resistance, cancer heterogeneity, and poor prognoses in association with GBM. Furthermore, the GBM subtype transition from proneural to the most malignant mesenchymal subtype after radiation therapy also accounts for high resistance to conventional treatments. Here, we demonstrate that the inhibition of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT) by 4-iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine (4-IPP), a dual inhibitor targeting MIF and DDT, downregulates stemness phenotype, intracellular signaling cascades, mesenchymal trans-differentiation, and induces apoptosis in proneural glioma stem cells (GSCs). In an analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas, high MIF and DDT expression were associated with poor prognosis. GSC growth was effectively inhibited by 4-IPP in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and 4-IPP combined with radiation therapy led to significantly reduced proliferation compared with radiation therapy alone. The expression of stemness factors, such as Olig2 and SOX2, and the expression of pAKT, indicating PI3K signaling pathway activation, were decreased in association with both 4-IPP monotherapy and combination treatment. The expression of mesenchymal markers, TGM2 and NF-κB, and expression of pERK (indicating MAPK signaling pathway activation) increased in association with radiation therapy alone but not with 4-IPP monotherapy and combination therapy. In addition, the combination of 4-IPP and radiation therapy significantly induced apoptosis compared to the monotherapy of 4-IPP or radiation. In vivo results demonstrated a significant tumor-suppressing effect of 4-IPP when combined with radiation therapy. Collectively, our results showed that the targeted inhibition of MIF and DDT has the potential to strengthen current clinical strategies by enhancing the anticancer effects of radiation therapy.
Methods to generate and evaluate zebrafish models of human kidney diseases
Authors: Fatma Sana , Nayak Usharani , Swain Rajeeb K.
Published: September 2021

Kidney-related disorders affect millions of people worldwide. A survey of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients showed that the burden of kidney diseases is increasing every year. The global burden of disease (GBD) study 2017 ranked CKD as the 12th leading cause of deaths worldwide. Hence, identification of the causes of kidney diseases, development of accurate diagnostic methods and novel therapeutics is highly relevant. Model organisms that faithfully recapitulate human diseases play important roles in understanding the disease process and provide valuable ground to find their cure. Zebrafish is an excellent model to study the development, pathophysiology and molecular aspects of human kidney diseases. In this review, we summarize various genetic and experimental manipulations that can be carried out in zebrafish to better understand the pathophysiology of human kidney diseases. We suggest that these methods will be helpful in the development of potential therapies to treat kidney diseases.
A HR válasza a koronavírus-járvány okozta kihívásokra
Authors: Pató Gáborné Szűcs Beáta , Dajnoki Krisztina , Kovács Klaudia , Kőműves Zsolt Sándor , Grotte Judit , Szabó Szilvia , Kunos István , Metszősy Gabriella , Hegedűs Henrik , Karácsony Péter , Poór József
Published: September 2021

A koronavírus-járvány rövid időtartam alatt rendkívüli kihívások elé állította a gazdaságot és a társadalmat, ami sajátos megközelítést, újszerű, kreatív hozzáállást igényel a szervezetek vezetőitől. A tanulmány célja, hogy vezetéstudományi szakirodalmak alapján feltárja a COVID-19 pandémia és a humánerőforrás-gazdálkodás kapcsolatát, munkaerő-piaci hatásait, valamint a 2008-2009-es pénzügyi válság és jelen pandémiás helyzet közötti összefüggéseket. A tanulmány fókuszában a szerzők primer kérdőíves kutatása áll, melyben a pandémia HR-re gyakorolt hatásait elemzik 404 szervezet válaszaira alapozva. Vizsgálják a gazdaság és az álláskeresők helyzetét a koronavírus-járvány alatt, illetve a HR-rel kapcsolatos reakciókat méret, szektor és tulajdonforma szerint. A kutatási eredmények alapján, a szervezetek elsősorban reaktív operációs döntéseket hoztak. A legnagyobb különbség a KKV-szektor és a nagyvállalati/multi szektorban jelentkezett.
Külföldi hallgatók elégedettségét és lojalitását befolyásoló tényezők feltárása a Szegedi Tudományegyetemen. Kizárólag az egyetemi tényezők számítanak?
Authors: Kéri Anita
Published: September 2021

A nemzetköziesedés napjaink egyik leginkább kutatott felsőoktatási területévé vált, hiszen a növekvő külföldi hallgatói létszám arra készteti a magyar egyetemeket, hogy jobban megismerjék diákjaikat. Ezen okokból kifolyólag a jelen tanulmány célja, hogy feltárja, milyen tényezők befolyásolják a külföldi hallgatók elégedettségét és lojalitását a Szegedi Tudományegyetemen. A felállított elméleti modell PLS-SEM (parciális legkisebb négyzetek módszere – strukturális egyenletek modellje) elemzése azt fedte fel, hogy a kompetenciák és a tananyag tartalma befolyásolják az egyetemhez kapcsolódó elégedettséget, míg az ahhoz szorosan nem kapcsolódó elégedettségre a szegedi élet, a nemzetközi légkör és a szabadidős létesítmények hatnak. Érdekes eredmény, hogy az egyetemhez kapcsolódó és ahhoz nem kapcsolódó elégedettség is befolyásolja a külföldi hallgatók lojalitását. Az eredmények tehát alátámasztják azt a feltételezést, hogy a külföldi hallgatók elégedettségének és lojalitásának pontosabb megismerése okán az egyetemhez szorosan kapcsolódó, valamint ahhoz nem kapcsolódó tényezőket is vizsgálni szükséges.
Változatok a szakmaiság intézményesítésére. A magyar logisztikaszakma szerveződéseinek rendszere
Authors: Molnár Gábor Tamás
Published: September 2021

A tanulmány alapkérdése, hogy miként intézményesülnek a szakmai közösségek. A vállalkozások és szakemberek közösségeinek érdekeit előmozdítani hivatott szakmai szerveződések gazdag irodalma ellenére keveset tudunk arról, hogy miként alakulnak ki a szakmai közösségek szintjén e szerveződések rendszerei. Az elemzés a kiegészítő elméleteken alapuló kongruenciaanalízist alkalmazza, hogy összevesse és kombinálja a szakirodalomban központi szerepű tagsági és befolyási intézményi logikák, valamint a szakmai vitákat intézményesítő intellektuális rendek régi-új elméletének magyarázóerejét. Az esettanulmány dokumentumelemzést és félig strukturált interjúkat alkalmaz egy gazdagon intézményesült és kihívásokkal szembesült közösség, a magyar logisztikaszakma szerveződési rendszerének feltárására. Az elemzés fő következtetése, hogy a három elmélet a komplex intézményesülés különböző elemeit képes megmagyarázni. A szakmai vita intellektuális rendjei és a szerveződések cserealapú intézményi logikái kölcsönhatásban fejlődnek, míg az intézményesülés legfontosabb mozgatórugója a kormányzati kontextus változékony jellege.
Covert Communication in Termography - Analysis of Possibilities and Examples
Authors: Sawicki Krzysztof , Bieszczad Grzegorz , Sosnowski Tomasz , Mścichowski Mariusz
Published: September 2021

The article presents a new concept of using thermography – steganography in thermography. Steganography is a technique of hiding information in a non-obvious way and belongs to the field of science related to information security. This article examines three examples of steganographic channels – covert communication channels that use thermal imaging devices in three different ways. The first proposed method uses the possibility of alternating the scene observed by the infrared camera in a way that additional information is included in the thermogram. The second method, called ThermoSteg, uses modification of one of the parameters of the thermal imaging camera (integration time) to embed the signal containing hidden information. The third method is based on digital thermograms and the methods of replacing dead pixels in them by creating the so-called zombie pixels carrying secretive information. Three methods have been implemented under real conditions and proven to work in practice.
Rifugio Nell'unione Europea
Authors: Ricci de Amorim André
Published: September 2021

Lo scopo di questo articolo è analizzare gli aspetti intrinseci più importanti in termini di riconoscimento dello status di rifugiato e in che modo le istituzioni europee, in particolare le Corti europee, interpretano tali elementi. Inizialmente, verranno presentati gli aspetti generali dello status di rifugiato come previsti nella Convenzione di Ginevra del 1951. In seguito, a partire dalla prospettiva dell'Unione Europea, verranno affrontati i seguenti aspetti: il principio di nonrefoulement, il divieto di sanzioni penali e la natura temporanea della concessione dello status di rifugiato. La metodologia utilizzata segue l'approccio dialettico giuridico, con l'aiuto di ricerche bibliografiche dottrinali, nonché giurisprudenziali e di strumenti giuridici relativi alla protezione dei rifugiati, che consentono una migliore percezione della realtà nell'Unione Europea.
Bypasses Institucionais no Brasil
Authors: Mota Prado Mariana
Published: September 2021

Uma estratégia de reforma que pode ajudar os formuladores de políticas públicas a superar a resistência à mudança institucional é "um bypass institucional". Um bypass institucional não tenta modificar, alterar ou reformar as instituições existentes. Ao invés disso, cria um novo caminho que visa ser mais funcional do que a instituição preexistente. Depois de discutir o que caracteriza um bypass, o presente artigo apresenta dois exemplos do Brasil: uma reforma burocrática chamada Poupatempo, que consiste em um balcão único para diversos serviços burocráticos; e uma reforma policial chamada Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora (UPP). Partindo desses dois estudos de caso brasileiros, o trabalho discute como os bypasses podem ajudar a superar a resistência ex-ante às reformas. Por fim, analisa o que poderia caracterizar um bypass bem sucedido.
Political appointees vs. elected officials: Examining how the selection mechanism for state governing agency board members influences responsiveness to stakeholders in higher education policy-making
Authors: Rubin Paul G.
Published: September 2021

Through an exploratory comparative case study of two U.S. states (Georgia and Nevada), this study investigates how the selection mechanism to state higher education governing agency boards influences the responsiveness of board members to stakeholders and their role in the policy-making process. Framed around the recent national policy agenda to improve postsecondary degree attainment and college completion, findings suggest that state agency board members in both states prioritized the opinions, insights, and goals of the state governor and governing agency staff, regardless of selection mechanism. However, for more localized issues and on-the-ground decision-making, stakeholders formally involved in the day-to-day operation of higher education, such as administrators, faculty, and students, serve a larger role, though this influence can be mediated by the selection mechanism of board members.
Assessment of investment in electric buses: A case study of a public transport company
Authors: Fabianova Jana , Janekova Jaroslava
Published: September 2021

This case study presents an assessment of the efficiency and risk of the vehicle fleet renewal in the public transport company. The investment project is solved in two alternatives. The first alternative consists of vehicle replacement by only electric buses. In the second alternative, a combination of electric buses and CNG buses is considered. Assessment of the economic efficiency of the investment project is based on the net present value (NPV). Due to lower initial and ongoing capital expenditures, the second alternative is more cost-effective than the first one although the profitability of the investment project is low. Within risk assessment, sensitivity analysis points out the subsidy and personal costs as the risk factors influencing variance of NPV the most. Finally, the effectiveness of the investment project is assessed at different levels of the use of financial support from EU funds and the state budget. In that case, even a low level of financial support significantly increased the profitability of the project.
Should I Start My Own Venture? Moderating Effect of Pull Factors on the Relationship of Push Factors with Women Entrepreneurial Intentions
Authors: Ghatak Arpita , Bhowmick Bhaskar
Published: September 2021

Extant literature of women entrepreneurial intention (EI) has not studied the interplay of push and pull factors well, creating a lacuna in literature. In this paper, we explored how barriers within their professional careers, i.e. push factors led to women EI, and how interpersonal motivators and contextual pull factors moderated that relationship. Adopting the push-pull framework and analyzing survey-based responses from 302 working women using structural-equation-modeling, we find that the need for recognition (NFR) and the glass ceiling (GC) effect have positive relationships, whereas family support (FS) has a negative relationship with EIs. Moreover, the NFR and FS moderate GC-EI relationship. Our study contributes towards the women entrepreneurship literature by focusing on the interplay of push and pull factors. The paper also provides important managerial and policy implications for organizations and policy makers.
Chebyshev spectral method for solving a class of local and nonlocal elliptic boundary value problems
Authors: Singh Harendra
Published: September 2021

This paper deals with a class of Bratu’s type, Troesch’s and nonlocal elliptic boundary value problems. Due to strong nonlinearity and presence of parameter δ, it is very difficult to solve these problems. Here we solve these classes of important equations using the Chebyshev spectral collocation method. We have provided the convergence of the proposed approximate method. The trueness of the method is shown by applying it to some illustrative examples. Results are compared with some known methods to highlight its neglectable error and high accuracy.
Somatostatin Interneurons of the Insula Mediate QR2-Dependent Novel Taste Memory Enhancement
Authors: Gould Nathaniel L. , Kolatt Chandran Sailendrakumar , Kayyal Haneen , Edry Efrat , Rosenblum Kobi
Published: September 2021

Forming long-term memories is crucial for adaptive behavior and survival in changing environments. The molecular consolidation processes which underlie the formation of these long-term memories are dependent on protein synthesis in excitatory and SST-expressing neurons. A centrally important, parallel process to this involves the removal of the memory constraint quinone reductase 2 (QR2), which has been recently shown to enhance memory consolidation for novel experiences in the cortex and hippocampus, via redox modulation. However, it is unknown within which cell type in the cortex removal of QR2 occurs, nor how this affects neuronal function. Here, we use novel taste learning in the mouse anterior insular cortex (aIC) to show that similarly to mRNA translation, QR2 removal occurs in excitatory and SST-expressing neurons. Interestingly, both novel taste and QR2 inhibition reduce excitability specifically within SST, but not excitatory neurons. Furthermore, reducing QR2 expression in SST, but not in PV or excitatory neurons, is sufficient to enhance taste memory. Thus, QR2 mediated intrinsic property changes of SST interneurons in the aIC is a central removable factor to allow novel taste memory formation. This previously unknown involvement of QR2 and SST interneurons in resetting aIC activity hours following learning, describes a molecular mechanism to define cell circuits for novel information. Therefore, the QR2 pathway in SST interneurons provides a fresh new avenue by which to tackle age-related cognitive deficits, while shedding new light onto the functional machinations of long-term memory formation for novel information.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Regulates the Genesis of Displaced Retinal Ganglion Cells3
Authors: Kisseleff Elena , Vigouroux Robin J. , Hottin Catherine , Lourdel Sophie , Thomas Leah , Shah Parth , Chédotal Alain , Perron Muriel , Swaroop Anand , Roger Jerome E.
Published: September 2021

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) proteins (GSK3α and GSK3β) are key mediators of signaling pathways, with crucial roles in coordinating fundamental biological processes during neural development. Here we show that the complete loss of GSK3 signaling in mouse retinal progenitors leads to microphthalmia with broad morphologic defects. A single wild-type allele of eitherGsk3αorGsk3βis able to rescue this phenotype. In this genetic context, all cell types are present in a functional retina. However, we unexpectedly detected a large number of cells in the inner nuclear layer expressing retinal ganglion cell (RGC)-specific markers (called displaced RGCs, dRGCs) when at least one allele ofGsk3αis expressed. The excess of dRGCs leads to an increased number of axons projecting into the ipsilateral medial terminal nucleus, an area of the brain belonging to the non-image-forming visual circuit and poorly targeted by RGCs in wild-type retina. Transcriptome analysis and optomotor response assay suggest that at least a subset of dRGCs inGsk3mutant mice are direction-selective RGCs. Our study thus uncovers a unique role of GSK3 in controlling the production of ganglion cells in the inner nuclear layer, which correspond to dRGCs, a rare and poorly characterized retinal cell type.
Isoform-Specific Reduction of the Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor TCF4 Levels in Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Nurm Kaja , Sepp Mari , Castany-Pladevall Carla , Creus-Muncunill Jordi , Tuvikene Jürgen , Sirp Alex , Vihma Hanna , Blake Derek J. , Perez-Navarro Esther , Timmusk Tõnis
Published: September 2021

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder with onset of characteristic motor symptoms at midlife, preceded by subtle cognitive and behavioral disturbances. Transcriptional dysregulation emerges early in the disease course and is considered central to HD pathogenesis. Using wild-type (wt) and HD knock-in mouse striatal cell lines we observed a HD genotype-dependent reduction in the protein levels of transcription factor 4 (TCF4), a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family with critical roles in brain development and function. We characterized mouseTcf4gene structure and expression of alternative mRNAs and protein isoforms in cell-based models of HD, and in four different brain regions of male transgenic HD mice (R6/1) from young to mature adulthood. The largest decrease in the levels of TCF4 at mRNA and specific protein isoforms were detected in the R6/1 mouse hippocampus. Translating this finding to human disease, we found reduced expression of long TCF4 isoforms in the postmortem hippocampal CA1 area and in the cerebral cortex of HD patients. Additionally, TCF4 protein isoforms showed differential synergism with the proneural transcription factor ASCL1 in activating reporter gene transcription in hippocampal and cortical cultured neurons. Induction of neuronal activity increased these synergistic effects in hippocampal but not in cortical neurons, suggesting brain region-dependent differences in TCF4 functions. Collectively, this study demonstrates isoform-specific changes in TCF4 expression in HD that could contribute to the progressive impairment of transcriptional regulation and neuronal function in this disease.
Estudio anatómico mediante radiografía de zarigüeya común (Didelphis marsupialis) en zonas periurbanas de Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Zapata Muñoz Jessica , Echeverry Hernández Maribel , Correa Sergio Andrés , Ferney Esquivel Cristian , Gómez-Ruiz Daisy A. , Cadavid Ana Cristina , Zambrano Valdés Ricardo
Published: September 2021

Este trabajo busca describir la morfología radiológica de la zarigüeya común (Didelphis marsupialis), estableciendo las bases para una correcta manipulación y manejo clínico adecuado. Los individuos fueron capturados con trampas Tomahawk cebadas en el corregimiento de Santa Elena, municipio de Medellín, Colombia. Se identificó el sexo y se verificó la posible presencia de crías en el marsupio (animales con crías fueron liberados). Se utilizó un protocolo anestésico basado en xilacina, tiletamina y zolazepam y se procedió a las tomas radiográficas lateral derecha, dorsoventral y ventrodorsal en el esqueleto axial (cráneo, tórax, abdomen y pelvis) y medio-laterales, y en vista anteroposterior y dorso-plantar y palmar en el esqueleto apendicular. Se encontró coincidencias con otros marsupiales en la presencia de la ossa marsupialia o hueso epipúbico, la fórmula vertebral y la ausencia de la patela; además., se confirma la presencia de estructuras como la bulla timpánica.
Evaluación de la actividad depresora del mentol en trucha arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) en diferentes condiciones de pH
Authors: Urzúa Natalia , Mancini Miguel , Lüders Carlos , Errecalde Carlos , Prieto Guillermo
Published: September 2021

Se evaluó la acción de mentol sobre variables fisiológicas y anestesiológicas en truchas arcoíris. Se trabajó con truchas juveniles clínicamente sanas, de ambos sexos, conformadas en grupo A (n= 20) de 201.4 ± 60.1 g de peso sometidas a 100 ppm/L de mentol en agua a pH 6.4 y en grupo B (n=20) de 187.3 ± 48.6 g de peso expuestos a idéntica concentración de mentol con el agua ajustada a pH 8.0 con bicarbonato de sodio. Los peces se ubicaron en recipientes con agua a 16.7 °C y conductividad eléctrica de 0.10 mS cm-1. La metodología de trabajo fue: 1) aclimatación de peces en un recipiente sin fármaco y registro de la frecuencia respiratoria basal (FR) tras adoptar un comportamiento normal de natación; 2) transferencia a un segundo recipiente con mentol y registro de tiempos de pérdida de equilibrio lateral y de anestesia; 3) traspaso de peces anestesiados al tercer recipiente sin fármaco y registro de FR y su comportamiento durante el periodo de recuperación. En el grupo A la anestesia se logró en 127.7 ± 46.3 s con fuerte reducción de la FR basal de 132.4 ± 12.6 a 40.4 ± 14.4 mov/min y la recuperación total se produjo en 189.7 ± 64.2 s. En el grupo B se observó tiempo de anestesia y recuperación a los 93.4 ± 34.3 y 181.7 ± 68.0 s, respectivamente, y reducción de la FR desde 137 ± 14.3 a 43.6 ± 10.4 mov/min. Los resultados indican que mentol en agua ajustado a pH 8.0 es una buena alternativa para las prácticas de piscicultura de truchas arcoíris.
Evaluación de la inmunogenicidad de una proteína recombinante de Pasteurella multocida para la prevención de la neumonía aguda en alpacas (Vicugna pacos)
Authors: Moreno-Morales Gerald , Maximiliano G. Jorge , Siuce M. Juan , Chero O. Ana , Medina S. Guido , Luna E. Luis , Rosadio A. Raúl , Maturrano H. Lenin
Published: September 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la capacidad inmunogénica in vivo de una proteína recombinante de membrana externa de Pasteurella multocida denominada P6-like (rP6-like). El ensayo de campo se realizó en una unidad de producción alpaquera en Puno, Perú, y el procesamiento de las muestras en la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la UNMSM. Se formaron 4 grupos de 5 animales, y se inoculó, según el grupo a) solución salina normal, b) bacterina, c) rP6-like, d) combinación de bacterina + rP6-like. Se tomaron muestras de sangre en el día 0, 5, 7, 9, 12 y 15 pos-inoculación. Se diseñaron pruebas de ELISA indirecto de punto único para la cuantificación relativa de anticuerpos específicos anti rP6-like y para anticuerpos anti-proteína total de P. multocida. El grupo inoculado con rP6-like mostró elevación significativa de anticuerpos desde el día 7 (p<0.05) hasta el día 15 pos-inoculación. Los demás productos biológicos no presentaron elevación significativa durante el periodo del estudio. El estudio permitió evidenciar la capacidad inmunogénica de la rP6-like, lo cual permite continuar con futuros estudios de eficacia.
Caracterización genotípica por MLST de Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale procedentes de aves de corral en el Perú
Authors: Cotaquispe Nalvarte Rony Yunior , Manchego Sayan Alberto , Rodríguez Bailon Jorge , Koga Yanagui Ysabel
Published: September 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio fue la genotipificación de Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. Se identificaron 36 cepas por pruebas moleculares y se realizó la genotipificación por Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). Los ensayos identificaron las secuencias tipo: N.T.1, N.T2 y N.T3, diferentes a la base de datos del NCBI y 19 alelos distintos con 229 sitios polimórficos. Además, 32 cepas pertenecen al genotipo común ST1. Los hallazgos identificaron al menos cuatro genotipos en pollos de varias regiones del Perú.
Seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra Neospora caninum en bovinos de crianza extensiva en tres distritos de Parinacochas, Ayacucho
Authors: Fernández Cevallos Angela , Morales-Cauti Siever
Published: September 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra Neospora caninum en ganado bovino de crianza extensiva en los distritos de Chumpi, Coracora y Pullo de la provincia de Parinacochas, Ayacucho. Se trabajó con 209 muestras de suero sanguíneo de bovinos mayores a cuatro meses de edad. Las muestras fueron analizadas mediante la técnica ELISA indirecta con kit IDEXX Neospora 2X Ab para detectar anticuerpos contra N. caninum. Se encontró una seroprevalencia corregida de 12.2 ± 4.4% con asociación significativa (p<0.05) para la variable procedencia. El distrito de Coracora presentó la mayor prevalencia con 19.7 ± 7.5%.