bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ionic Flexible Sensors: Mechanisms, Materials, Structures, and Applications
Authors: Zhao Chun , Wang Yanjie , Tang Gangqiang , Ru Jie , Zhu Zicai , Li Bo , Guo Chuan Fei , Li Lijie , Zhu Denglin
Published: January 2022

Over the past few decades, flexible sensors have been developed from the “electronic” level to the “iontronic” level, and gradually to the “ionic” level. Ionic flexible sensors (IFS) are one kind of advanced sensors that are based on the concept of ion migration. Compared to conventional electronic sensors, IFS can not only replicate the topological structures of human skin, but also are capable of achieving tactile perception functions similar to that of human skin, which provide effective tools and methods for narrowing the gap between conventional electronics and biological interfaces. In this review, the latest research and developments on several typical sensing mechanisms, compositions, structural design, and applications of IFS are comprehensively reviewed. Particularly, the development of novel ionic materials, structural designs, and biomimetic approaches has resulted in the development of a wide range of novel and exciting IFS, which can effectively sense pressure, strain, and humidity with high sensitivity and reliability, and exhibit self‐powered, self‐healing, biodegradability, and other properties of the human skin. Furthermore, the typical applications of IFS in artificial skin, human‐interactive technologies, wearable health monitors, and other related fields are reviewed. Finally, the perspectives on the current challenges and future directions of IFS are presented.
Antigen–Antibody Interaction‐Derived Bioadhesion of Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers to Promote Topical Wound Healing
Authors: Kim Seulgi , Ko Jina , Choi Jae Hyuk , Kang Jeong Yi , Lim Chanoong , Shin Mikyung , Lee Dong Woog , Kim Jin Woong
Published: January 2022

A practically helpful bioadhesion system can be developed for biomedical treatments by taking advantage of the antigen–antibody interaction in which an antibody binds to a protein with specific lock and key binding affinity. This study presents a new type of skin tissue adhesive system in which an involucrin antibody (SY5)‐conjugated bacterial cellulose nanofiber (BCNF) is bound to involucrin (IVL) in corneocytes of the stratum corneum. For this, the SY5 is covalently incorporated on the surface of carboxylate of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl radical (TEMPO)‐oxidized BCNFs via the 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)/N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) coupling reaction. It is shown that the SY5‐conjugated BCNF (BCNFSY5) exhibits the antigen–antibody interaction with the IVL, eventually leading to effective adhesion to the skin surface. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the BCNF‐based skin adhesion promotes wound healing by basically providing a tissue environment where cell proliferation can occur actively. These results emphasize that the BCNFSY5 system could pave the way for developing a new type of tissue adhesive for skin tissue regeneration.
Microenvironments Enabled by Covalent Organic Framework Linkages for Modulating Active Metal Species in Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Yang Shuailong , Sa Rongjian , Zhong Hong , Lv Haowei , Yuan Daqiang , Wang Ruihu
Published: January 2022

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising platforms for understanding photocatalytic CO2 reduction processes owing to their predesignable structures and tailor‐made functions. Herein, a nickel‐modified COF composed of N‐acylhydrazone‐linked electron‐donor and electron‐acceptor dyads (H‐COF‐Ni) is reported. H‐COF‐Ni generates 5694 µmol g−1 of CO with 96% selectivity over H2 evolution in 2 h under visible light irradiation, which greatly outperforms that of typical imine‐linked counterpart. Experimental and theoretical results have demonstrated that metal active sites in host frameworks are deprived by 2,2′‐bipyridine additive to form new catalytic active species, the separation and transfer process of the photogenerated charge carriers are not main reason for their activity difference. The linkage‐dependent activation of CO2 molecules on Ni centers is responsible for high photocatalytic efficiency. This study provides new protocols to improve CO2 photoreduction performance through the modification of linkage microenvironments.
Toward Excellence of Electrocatalyst Design by Emerging Descriptor‐Oriented Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Jianwen , Luo Wenzhi , Wang Lei , Zhang Jiujun , Fu Xian‐Zhu , Luo Jing‐Li
Published: January 2022

Machine learning (ML) is emerging as a powerful tool for identifying quantitative structure–activity relationships to accelerate electrocatalyst design by learning from historic data without explicit programming. The algorithms, data/database, and descriptors are usually the decisive factors for ML and the descriptors play a pivotal role for electrocatalysis as they contain the essence of catalysis from the physicochemical nature. Despite the considerable research efforts regarding electrocatalyst design with ML, the lack of universal selection tactics for descriptors bridging the gap between structures and activity impedes its wider application. A timely summary of the application of ML in electrocatalyst design helps to deepen the understanding of the nature of descriptors and improve the application scope and design efficiency. This review summarizes the geometrical, electronic, and activity descriptors used as input for ML training and predicting to reveal the general rules for their application in the design of electrocatalysts. In response to the challenges of hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, CO2 reduction reaction, and nitrogen reduction reaction, the ML application in these areas is tracked for the progress and prospective changes. Additionally, the potential application of the automated design and discovery are discussed for the other well‐known electrocatalytic processes.
Highly Regulatable Heat Conductance of Graphene–Sericin Hybrid for Responsive Textiles
Authors: Liang Xiaoping , Fan Aoran , Li Zhen , Wei Ning , Fan Wei , Liang Huarun , Wang Haomin , Bi Peng , Li Shuo , Wu Xun‐En , Lu Haojie , Hao Qing , Zhang Xing , Zhang Yingying
Published: January 2022

Advanced heat‐managing textiles not only improve the comfort of individual but also reduce the energy consumption of the heat‐managing systems of building. To meet the demand of heat‐managing in a dynamic environment, responsive textiles with tunable thermal convection and radiation have been developed, while the design of fabrics with tunable thermal conduction remains unexplored. Here, a humidity‐driven and flexible thermal conductance regulating material is developed that shows an unprecedented switching ratio up to 14×, which is composed of brick‐and‐mortar structured graphene and silk sericin (GS). This work investigates the microstructure variation in response to humidity experimentally and theoretically. The regulation can be ascribed to the hydration/dehydration of sericin and the subsequent changing in graphene–sericin interfacial thermal conductance. It is demonstrated that the GS can be facilely coated on ordinary textiles through dyeing to achieve responsive thermal‐managing clothes with a significant and reversible response toward the variation of environment humidity.
Super‐Hybrid Transition Metal Sulfide Nanoarrays of Co3S4 Nanosheet/P‐Doped WS2 Nanosheet/Co9S8 Nanoparticle with Pt‐Like Activities for Robust All‐pH Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Haiqing , Xu Jinhao , Zhang Qiubo , Hu Shuxian , Zhou Weijia , Liu Hong , Wang Xun
Published: January 2022

Highly active and multifunctional non‐precious metal‐based hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) eletcrocatalysts have aroused great interest in the large‐scale conversion of sustainable electrical energy to fuels and feedstocks in different application scenarios. Here, a metal sulfide‐based super hybrid nanoarray composed of a metallic Co3S4 nanosheet, P doped WS2 nanosheet, and Co9S8 nanoparticles (Super‐Co3S4/P‐WS2/Co9S8) for all‐pH HER is reported. The Super‐Co3S4/P‐WS2/Co9S8 only requires 58, 70, and 129 mV in alkaline, acid, and neutral media, respectively, to reach 10 mA cm‐2, which also presents fast reaction kinetics and high long‐term stability. The experimental and density functional theory (DFT) results verify that the abundant active heterostructure in Super‐Co3S4/P‐WS2/Co9S8 can not only provide Pt‐like H*‐adsorption Gibbs free energy (ΔGH*) but also promote the H2O adsorption and dissociation kinetics for all‐pH HER. Moreover, the collaboration of favorable metallic components and special nanoarray morphology can also strengthen the electric conductivity for electron transfer and promote the maximum exposure of active heterointerfaces for mass transport in electrocatalysis. The interesting strategy herein is expected to inspire the future design of advanced metal sulfide‐based heterostructures for energy storage and conversion.
Transforming Passive into Active: Multimodal Pheophytin‐Based Carbon Dots Customize Protein Corona to Target Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Peng Yayun , Cong Yiyang , Lei Yuzhu , Sun Fanwen , Xu Menghan , Zhang Jingzi , Fang Lei , Hong Hao , Cai Ting
Published: January 2022

Formation of protein corona on nanomaterials surface in vivo is usually considered as an unpredictable event for a predefined targeted delivery system for malignant cancers. In most situations, these protein coronas substantially change targeting efficiency or even cause adverse reactions which both hinder the clinical translation of the cargo‐delivery systems. Active customization of protein corona onto nanomaterials surfaces can benefit their biomedical performances and open up new opportunities in construction of targeted delivery systems. Herein, lipid‐PEG/pheophytin carbon dots (LPCDs) are prepared from natural chlorophyll and integrate seamlessly with positron emission tomography imaging, near‐infrared fluorescence imaging, and photodynamic therapy capacity. In vitro measurements demonstrate that the LPCDs can actively absorb apolipoproteins into the protein corona to enhance their uptakes in breast cancer cells. In vivo studies confirm that LPCDs can give accurate delineation of metastatic breast cancer foci from surrounding normal tissues with multimodal biomedical functions. The feasibility of using LPCDs as a multimodal imaging and cancer‐targeting nanoplatform may provide impetus for developing precise yet facile protein corona‐targeted delivery systems for future clinical practice.
Crosslinked Protein Delivery Strategy with Precise Activity Regulation Properties for Cancer Therapy and Gene Editing
Authors: Liu Ning , Zhu Lianghan , Sun Honghao , Zhou Zhanwei , Dong Jingwen , Sun Minjie
Published: January 2022

Protein drugs hold tremendous promise for therapeutic applications due to their direct and superior pharmacological effects. However, protein drugs can be degraded in blood stream and unable to cross many physical barriers to exert therapeutic effect. Degradable synthetic crosslinking is a versatile strategy to enhance the stability of the nanoparticle in a complex physiological medium and is helpful to get through physical barriers. Herein, crosslinked polypeptide (PABP) composed of poly‐amino acids including cystine, tyrosine, lysine, ketal bridge, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) is modularly explored and synthesized for protein delivery. Notably, plasma membrane V‐ATPase is the particular pathway which induces the macropinocytosis of the inner peptide analogous core (PAB/protein) after the outer PEG shell disassociation at tumor intercellular sites. In addition, PABP/protein achieves proteins’ activity shielding in systemic circulation and recovery in tumor cytoplasm precisely. In application, PABP/RNase‐A shows satisfying tumor accumulation and antineoplastic efficacy. More importantly, PABP/Cas9 + small guide RNA displays obvious gene editing efficiency. The crosslinked protein delivery strategy not only makes the accurate protein transport and activity regulation possible but also is promising in paving the way for clinical translation of protein drugs.
A Water‐Soluble Organic Photocatalyst Discovered for Highly Efficient Additive‐Free Visible‐Light‐Driven Grafting of Polymers from Proteins at Ambient and Aqueous Environments
Authors: Lee Yungyeong , Kwon Yonghwan , Kim Youngmu , Yu Changhoon , Feng Siyang , Park Jeehun , Doh Junsang , Wannemacher Reinhold , Koo Byungjin , Gierschner Johannes , Kwon Min Sang
Published: January 2022

Since the pioneering discovery of a protein bound to poly(ethylene glycol), the utility of protein–polymer conjugates (PPCs) is rapidly expanding to currently emerging applications. Photoinduced energy/electron‐transfer reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer (PET‐RAFT) polymerization is a very promising method to prepare structurally well‐defined PPCs, as it eliminates high‐cost and time‐consuming deoxygenation processes due to its oxygen tolerance. However, the oxygen‐tolerance behavior of PET‐RAFT polymerization is not well‐investigated in aqueous environments, and thereby the preparation of PPCs using PET‐RAFT polymerization needs a substantial amount of sacrificial reducing agents or inert‐gas purging processes. Herein a novel water‐soluble and biocompatible organic photocatalyst (PC) is reported, which enables visible‐light‐driven additive‐free “grafting‐from” polymerizations of a protein in ambient and aqueous environments. Interestingly, the developed PC shows unconventional “oxygen‐acceleration” behavior for a variety of acrylic and acrylamide monomers in aqueous conditions without any additives, which are apparently distinct from previously reported systems. With such a PC, “grafting‐from” polymerizations are successfully performed from protein in ambient buffer conditions under green light‐emitting diode (LED) irradiation, which result in various PPCs that have neutral, anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic polyacrylates, and polyacrylamides. It is believed that this PC will be widely employed for a variety of photocatalysis processes in aqueous environments, including the living cell system.
Interplay between Charge Injection, Electron Transport, and Quantum Efficiency in Ambipolar Trilayer Organic Light‐Emitting Transistors
Authors: Moschetto Salvatore , Benvenuti Emilia , Usta Hakan , Ozdemir Resul , Facchetti Antonio , Muccini Michele , Prosa Mario , Toffanin Stefano
Published: January 2022

The fascinating characteristic of organic light‐emitting transistors (OLETs) of being electrical switches with an intrinsic light‐emitting capability makes them attractive candidates for a wide variety of applications, ranging from sensors to displays. To date, the OLET ambipolar trilayer heterostructure is the most developed architecture for maximizing device performance. However, a major challenge of trilayer OLETs remains the inverse correlation between external quantum efficiency and brightness under ambipolar conditions. The complex interconnection between electroluminescent and ambipolar charge transport properties, in conjunction with the limited availability of electron transport semiconducting materials, has indeed hampered the disruptive evolution of the OLET technology. Here, an in‐depth study of the interplay of the key fundamental features that determine the device performance is reported by exploring electron transport semiconductors with different properties in ambipolar trilayer OLETs. Through the selection of compounds with tailored chemical structures, the relation between intrinsic optoelectronic characteristics of the electron transport semiconductor, energy level alignment within the structure, and morphological features is unraveled. Furthermore, the introduction of a suitable electron injector at the emissive/semiconducting layers interface sheds light into the bidimensional nature of OLETs that is a distinguishing factor of this class of devices with respect to prototypical organic light‐emitting diodes.
Ytterbium‐Enriched Outmost Shell for Enhanced Upconversion Single Molecule Imaging and Interfacial Triplet Energy Transfer
Authors: Hu Jialing , Guan Daoming , Zhao Bingjie , Zhang Yanxin , Qiu Xiaochen , Zhang Yunxiang , Liu Qian
Published: January 2022

Lanthanide‐based upconversion single molecule imaging (u‐SMI) is of great interest due to its excellent photostability and background‐free detection. However, the dim brightness strongly hampers its application in quantitative studies. An inert shell can effectively enhance the upconversion brightness, especially for highly doped upconversion nanocrystals in which surface quenching is the dominant nonirradiative pathway. Here, it is discovered that inert shell is actually a drawback for u‐SMI in a volume‐constrained system and sensitizer Yb3+ doped outmost shell outperforms inert shell in single molecule imaging condition, which indicates that the number of Yb3+ sensitizers is the fundamental bottleneck for u‐SMI and the surface quenching can be noncritical. The effect of Yb3+‐enriched shell on the interfacial energy transfer‐based dye‐sensitized upconversion is also investigated and orders of magnitude enhancement is obtained over the previously reported design.
Confining Carboxylized Carbon Nanotube for Phosphorescence Afterglow with Optical Memory Plasticity
Authors: Wu Yue‐Yue , Liu Lan , Zou Jia‐Hao , Liu Ju‐Qing , Hu Yi‐Chun , Ban Chao‐Yi , Li Fei‐Yang , Li Zi‐Fan , Zhang He‐Shan , Zhou Zhe , Zhao Jian‐Feng , Xiu Fei , Huang Xiao , Zhao Qiang , Eginligil Mustafa , Huang Wei
Published: January 2022

Afterglow materials are of primary interest in optoelectronics and bioelectronics. Here, a long‐lived phosphorescence afterglow is reported from carboxylated carbon nanotubes (c‐CNTs) confined within boron oxynitride (BNO). The formation of covalent and hydrogen bonds in c‐CNT@BNO enhances the rigidity of the hybrid structure and alleviates the non‐radiative deactivation of excited triplet states, leading to room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP). The afterglow material exhibits an ultra‐long RTP lifetime of up to 476.6 ms, with an afterglow time of 4.0 s, distinguishable by naked eyes. This unprecedented feature makes c‐CNT act like a light‐sensitive neuron and it is possible to achieve memorizing−forgetting behavior in the form of optical memory plasticity, owing to photons’ capture‐and‐slow‐release process. In analogy to the biological brain, both memory strength and forgetting time are proportional to learning exercise, including the intensity and time of irradiation training. The study provides an effective protocol for the synthesis of afterglow nanomaterials, extending their application to brain‐like intelligent technology.
The Linkage between Sustainable Development Goals 9 and 11: Examining the Association between Sustainable Urbanization and Intellectual Property Rights Protection
Authors: Gao Xing , Zhu Jin , He Bao‐Jie
Published: January 2022

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9 and 11 advocate industrial innovation and sustainable cities, respectively, although how sustainable urban development ensures the protection of innovative achievements remains understudied. Employing the Spatial Durbin Model, this study examines how the protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs) has affected sustainable urbanization using the case of the Huaihai economic zone (HEZ), China. Adopting a theoretical and empirical approach, the study seeks to understand how sustainable urbanization affects the protection of IPRs, and explores the spatial spillover from the perspectives of economic growth structure, technological progress, economic agglomeration and social welfare enhancement, taking into account also the protection of IPRs at a sub‐national level. The results indicate that sustainable urbanization is positively related to the protection of IPRs (as can be understood from the four abovementioned aspects of sustainable urbanization), that the spatial spillover effects of sustainable urbanization on the protection of IPRs and distance from the central city are significant, and that foreign direct investment (FDI)—a significant driving force in China's urbanization—has a negative impact.
Cellulose Nanocrystals in Sustainable Energy Systems
Authors: Calle‐Gil Raúl , Castillo‐Martínez Elizabeth , Carretero‐González Javier
Published: January 2022

The transition to low‐carbon emitting technologies provokes an increasing demand in energy conversion and storage systems such as fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors, and consequently, the need for their raw materials. The use of new chemistries from earth‐abundant precursors instead of scarce, toxic, and nondegradable components existing in current systems must be a priority in future years. Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on earth. Their crystalline constituents designated as cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) have been studied as functional materials due to their excellent structural and chemical properties. This review covers a recent collection of works on innocuous CNC‐based materials with special attention to the fabrication methodologies of electrodes, electrolytes, membranes, and separators. The implementation of these CNC‐derived materials in sustainable energy conversion and storage systems is also discussed.
Inhibition of Collagenase Q1 of Bacillus cereus as a Novel Antivirulence Strategy for the Treatment of Skin‐Wound Infections
Authors: Alhayek Alaa , Khan Essak S. , Schönauer Esther , Däinghaus Tobias , Shafiei Roya , Voos Katrin , Han Mitchell K. L. , Ducho Christian , Posselt Gernot , Wessler Silja , Brandstetter Hans , Haupenthal Jörg , del Campo Aránzazu , Hirsch Anna K. H.
Published: January 2022

Despite the progress in surgical techniques and antibiotic prophylaxis, opportunistic wound infections with Bacillus cereus remain a public health problem. Secreted toxins are one of the main factors contributing to B. cereus pathogenicity. A promising strategy to treat such infections is to target these toxins and not the bacteria. Although the exoenzymes produced by B. cereus are thoroughly investigated, little is known about the role of B. cereus collagenases in wound infections.

In this report, the collagenolytic activity of secreted collagenases (Col) is characterized in the B. cereus culture supernatant (csn) and its isolated recombinantly produced ColQ1 is characterized. The data reveals that ColQ1 causes damage on dermal collagen (COL). This results in gaps in the tissue, which might facilitate the spread of bacteria. The importance of B. cereus collagenases is also demonstrated in disease promotion using two inhibitors. Compound 2 shows high efficacy in peptidolytic, gelatinolytic, and COL degradation assays. It also preserves the fibrillar COLs in skin tissue challenged with ColQ1, as well as the viability of skin cells treated with B. cereus csn. A Galleria mellonella model highlights the significance of collagenase inhibition in vivo.
Functionalized Microgel Rods Interlinked into Soft Macroporous Structures for 3D Cell Culture
Authors: Rommel Dirk , Mork Matthias , Vedaraman Sitara , Bastard Céline , Guerzoni Luis P. B. , Kittel Yonca , Vinokur Rostislav , Born Nikolai , Haraszti Tamás , De Laporte Laura
Published: January 2022

In this work, a two component microgel assembly using soft anisometric microgels that interlink to create a 3D macroporous construct for cell growth is reported. Reactive microgel rods with variable aspect ratio are produced via microfluidics in a continuous plug‐flow on‐chip gelation method by photoinitiated free‐radical polymerization of star‐polyethylene glycol‐acrylate with glycidyl methacrylate or 2‐aminoethyl methacrylate comonomers. The resulting complementary epoxy‐ and amine‐functionalized microgels assemble and interlink with each other via a ring opening reaction, resulting in macroporous constructs with pores up to several hundreds of micrometers. The level of crosslinking depends on the functionalization degree of the microgels, which also affects the stiffness and cell adhesiveness of the microgels when modified with the cell‐adhesive GRGDS‐PC peptide. Therefore, 3D spreading and growth of cells inside the macroporous structure is influenced not only by the presence of macropores but also by the mechanical and biochemical properties of the individual microgels.
Pancake Jumping of Sessile Droplets
Authors: Qian Chenlu , Zhou Fan , Wang Ting , Li Qiang , Hu Dinghua , Chen Xuemei , Wang Zuankai
Published: January 2022

Rapid droplet shedding from surfaces is fundamentally interesting and important in numerous applications such as anti‐icing, anti‐fouling, dropwise condensation, and electricity generation. Recent efforts have demonstrated the complete rebound or pancake bouncing of impinging droplets by tuning the physicochemical properties of surfaces and applying external control, however, enabling sessile droplets to jump off surfaces in a bottom‐to‐up manner is challenging. Here, the rapid jumping of sessile droplets, even cold droplets, in a pancake shape is reported by engineering superhydrophobic magnetically responsive blades arrays. This largely unexplored droplet behavior, termed as pancake jumping, exhibits many advantages such as short interaction time and high energy conversion efficiency. The critical conditions for the occurrence of this new phenomenon are also identified. This work provides a new toolkit for the attainment of well‐controlled and active steering of both sessile and impacting droplets for a wide range of applications.
Simultaneously Achieving Highly Efficient and Stable Polymer:Non‐Fullerene Solar Cells Enabled By Molecular Structure Optimization and Surface Passivation
Authors: Liu Bowen , Su Xiao , Lin Yi , Li Zerui , Yan Lingpeng , Han Yunfei , Luo Qun , Fang Jin , Yang Shangfeng , Tan Hongwei , Ma Chang‐Qi
Published: January 2022

Despite the tremendous efforts in developing non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) for polymer solar cells (PSCs), only few researches are done on studying the NFA molecular structure dependent stability of PSCs, and long‐term stable PSCs are only reported for the cells with low efficiency. Herein, the authors compare the stability of inverted PM6:NFA solar cells using ITIC, IT‐4F, Y6, and N3 as the NFA, and a decay rate order of IT‐4F > Y6 ≈ N3 > ITIC is measured. Quantum chemical calculations reveal that fluorine substitution weakens the C═C bond and enhances the interaction between NFA and ZnO, whereas the β‐alkyl chains on the thiophene unit next to the C═C linker blocks the attacking of hydroxyl radicals onto the C═C bonds. Knowing this, the authors choose a bulky alkyl side chain containing molecule (named L8‐BO) as the acceptor, which shows slower photo bleaching and performance decay rates. A combination of ZnO surface passivation with phenylethanethiol (PET) yields a high efficiency of 17% and an estimated long T80 and Ts80 of 5140 and 6170 h, respectively. The results indicate functionalization of the β‐position of the thiophene unit is an effective way to improve device stability of the NFA.
Self‐Powered Artificial Mechanoreceptor Based on Triboelectrification for a Neuromorphic Tactile System
Authors: Han Joon‐Kyu , Tcho Il‐Woong , Jeon Seung‐Bae , Yu Ji‐Man , Kim Weon‐Guk , Choi Yang‐Kyu
Published: January 2022

A self‐powered artificial mechanoreceptor module is demonstrated with a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) as a pressure sensor with sustainable energy harvesting and a biristor as a neuron. By mimicking a biological mechanoreceptor, it simultaneously detects the pressure and encodes spike signals to act as an input neuron of a spiking neural network (SNN). A self‐powered neuromorphic tactile system composed of artificial mechanoreceptor modules with an energy harvester can greatly reduce the power consumption compared to the conventional tactile system based on von Neumann computing, as the artificial mechanoreceptor module itself does not demand an external energy source and information is transmitted with spikes in a SNN. In addition, the system can detect low pressures near 3 kPa due to the high output range of the TENG. It therefore can be advantageously applied to robotics, prosthetics, and medical and healthcare devices, which demand low energy consumption and low‐pressure detection levels. For practical applications of the neuromorphic tactile system, classification of handwritten digits is demonstrated with a software‐based simulation. Furthermore, a fully hardware‐based breath‐monitoring system is implemented using artificial mechanoreceptor modules capable of detecting wind pressure of exhalation in the case of pulmonary respiration and bending pressure in the case of abdominal breathing.
Perhydropolysilazane Charge‐Trap Layer in Solution‐Processed Organic and Oxide Memory Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Boampong Amos Amoako , Lee Sang‐Hoon , Lee Jonghee , Choi Yoonseuk , Kim Min‐Hoi
Published: January 2022

The charge trapping property of spin‐coated perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) layers for solution‐processed organic and oxide thin film memory transistors is demonstrated. The nitrogen content within the PHPS layer is decreased by increasing the annealing temperatures from room temperature to 450 °C. The PHPS layer added to the SiO2 gate insulator in the charge trap memories (CTMs) shows good memory functionalities which are electrically programmable, and is erased either electrically or optically depending on the semiconductor used. The stored or erased charges in the p‐type semiconductor‐based CTM result in relatively large threshold voltage shifts (∆VTH > 60 V) and large memory on‐ and off‐current ratio (IM,ON/IM,OFF > 103) with the respective memory output current extrapolated to 108 s. The n‐type CTM shows ∆VTH ≈ 20 V, IM,ON/IM,OFF of 0.5 × 103 and is extrapolated to 1015 s. It is concluded that the origin of the charge‐traps in both the p‐type and n‐type CTMs mainly originates from the PHPS charge trap layer (CTL) and greatly occurs in highly concentrated nitrogen PHPS layers. There is a high possibility of using the PHPS CTL in a wide variety of cost‐effective CTMs even with high temperature processed semiconductors.
A Self‐Regulated Interface toward Highly Reversible Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Han Daliang , Wang Zhenxing , Lu Haotian , Li Huan , Cui Changjun , Zhang Zhicheng , Sun Rui , Geng Chuannan , Liang Qinghua , Guo Xiaoxia , Mo Yanbing , Zhi Xing , Kang Feiyu , Weng Zhe , Yang Quan‐Hong
Published: January 2022

Aqueous zinc batteries, that demonstrate high safety and low cost, are considered promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage. However, Zn anodes suffer from rapid performance deterioration due to the severe Zn dendrite growth and side reactions. Herein, with a low‐cost ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) additive, a self‐regulated Zn/electrolyte interface is built to address these problems. The NH4+ induces a dynamic electrostatic shielding layer around the abrupt Zn protuberance to make the Zn deposition uniform, and the OAc− acts as an interfacial pH buffer to suppress the proton‐induced side reactions and the precipitation of insoluble by‐products. As a result, in the electrolyte with the NH4OAc additive, Zn anodes exhibit a long cycling stability of 3500 h at 1 mA cm−2, an impressive cumulative areal capacity of 5000 mAh cm−2 at 10 mA cm−2, and a high Coulombic efficiency of ≈99.7%. A prototype full cell coupled with a NH4V4O10 cathode performs much better in terms of capacity retention than the additive‐free case. The findings pave the way for developing practical Zn batteries.
Anti‐Corrosion for Reversible Zinc Anode via a Hydrophobic Interface in Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Guan Kailin , Tao Li , Yang Rong , Zhang Haonan , Wang Nengze , Wan Houzhao , Cui Jian , Zhang Jun , Wang Hanbin , Wang Hao
Published: January 2022

Water corrosion and dendrite growth seriously break the zinc plating/stripping process at the electrolyte/anode interface, causing the instability of the zinc metal anode of aqueous zinc batteries. Herein, a self‐consistent hydrophobic interface and orderly channels are assembled by three quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants, which can block the water erosion. Of particular interest, experimental results combined with theoretical calculation (DFT) reveals that the hydrophobic groups in quaternary ammonium cations are the determinaning factor in the kinetic process of zinc ion deposition and the life of the zinc anode. The massive micelles formed by benzyldimethyldodecylammonium with dodecyl and benzyl groups cause great hindrance to the transport and deposition of zinc ions. And dodecyltrimethylammonium with only a main hydrophobic group of dodecyl results in the higher polarization overpotential or voltage hysteresis for the zinc plating and lower coulombic efficiency (CE) < 99%. Surprisingly, the hydrophobic interface assembled by benzyltrimethylammonium (TMBA+) with a main benzyl group can inhibit side reactions and regulate zinc uniform deposition. And the batteries based on TMBA+ can achieve superb cycle stability with low voltage hysteresis and almost 100% CE. The proposed hydrophobic interface formed by quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants establishes pioneering work on zinc anode stability for zinc batteries and beyond.
Covalent Organic Framework with Highly Accessible Carbonyls and π‐Cation Effect for Advanced Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Luo Xiao‐Xi , Li Wen‐Hao , Liang Hao‐Jie , Zhang Hong‐Xia , Du Kai‐Di , Wang Xiao‐Tong , Liu Xin‐Fang , Zhang Jing‐Ping , Wu Xing‐Long
Published: January 2022

Covalent organic frameworks (COF) possess a robust and porous crystalline structure, making them an appealing candidate for energy storage. Herein, we report an exfoliated polyimide COF composite (P‐COF@SWCNT) prepared by an in situ condensation of anhydride and amine on the single‐walled carbon nanotubes as advanced anode for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). Numerous active sites exposed on the exfoliated frameworks and the various open pathways promote the highly efficient ion diffusion in the P‐COF@SWCNT while preventing irreversible dissolution in the electrolyte. During the charging/discharging process, K+ is engaged in the carbonyls of imide group and naphthalene rings through the enolization and π‐K+ effect, which is demonstrated by the DFT calculation and XPS, ex‐situ FTIR, Raman. As a result, the prepared P‐COF@SWCNT anode enables an incredibly high reversible specific capacity of 438 mA h g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 and extended stability. The structural advantage of P‐COF@SWCNT enables more insights into the design and versatility of COF as an electrode.
Spin Crossover in a Cobalt Complex on Ag(111)
Authors: Johannsen Sven , Ossinger Sascha , Grunwald Jan , Herman Alexander , Wende Heiko , Tuczek Felix , Gruber Manuel , Berndt Richard
Published: January 2022

The Co‐based complex [Co(H2B(pz)(pypz))2] (py=pyridine, pz=pyrazole) deposited on Ag(111) was investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy at ≈5 K. Due to a bis(tridentate) coordination sphere the molecules aggregate mainly into tetramers. Individual complexes in these tetramers undergo reversible transitions between two states with characteristic image contrasts when current is passed through them or one of their neighbors. Two molecules exhibit this bistability while the other two molecules are stable. The transition rates vary linearly with the tunneling current and exhibit an intriguing dependence on the bias voltage and its polarity. We interpret the states as being due to S=1/2 and 3/2 spin states of the Co2+ complex. The image contrast and the orders‐of‐magnitude variations of the switching yields can be tentatively understood from the calculated orbital structures of the two spin states, thus providing first insights into the mechanism of electron‐induced excited spin‐state trapping (ELIESST).
Construction of crystalline cadmium complex based on 1,4,5,8‐naphthalene diimide derivative and photocatalytic degradation about organic dyes
Authors: Zhang Xue , Wang Chen , Wang Li Yan , Xing Yong Heng , Bai Feng Ying , Shi Zhan
Published: January 2022

The complex [Cd(PDNDI)]·DMF (Cd‐PDNDI) (H2PDNDI = N‐(4‐pyridine)‐4,5‐dicarboxy‐1,8‐naphthalene dicarboxyimide) was synthesized by the reaction of N,N′‐di(4‐pyridyl)‐1,4,5,8‐naphthalene diimide (DPNDI) and Cd(NO3)2·4H2O. It was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV‐vis) spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), single crystal X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. Structural analysis shows that the Cd‐PDNDI has a self‐assembled 3D network structure with the rtl type topology. It is worth mentioning that the composition of the ligand is different from the initial raw material used in this molecular structure. This may be because the ligand undergoes an in situ hydrolysis reaction in the reaction system and becomes an NDI carboxylic acid derivative, which continues to join coordination reaction with the metal ion. In addition, the Cd‐PDNDI has an excellent photocatalytic effect on malachite green (MG) among the six dyes, which shows that the Cd‐PDNDI could be used as a photocatalytic material for the degradation of dyes.
The Inhibition of RNA Viruses by Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids: Opportunities for the Development of Broad‐Spectrum Anti‐Coronavirus Drugs
Authors: Tan Shen , Banwell Martin G. , Ye Wen‐Cai , Lan Ping , White Lorenzo V.
Published: January 2022

The global COVID‐19 pandemic has claimed the lives of millions and disrupted nearly every aspect of human society. Currently, vaccines remain the only widely available medical means to address the cause of the pandemic, the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. Unfortunately, current scientific consensus deems the emergence of vaccine‐resistant SARS‐CoV‐2 variants highly likely. In this context, the design and development of broad‐spectrum, small‐molecule based antiviral drugs has been described as a potentially effective, alternative medical strategy to address circulating and re‐emerging CoVs. Small molecules are well‐suited to target the least‐rapidly evolving structures within CoVs such as highly conserved RNA replication enzymes, and this renders them less vulnerable to evolved drug resistance. Examination of the vast literature describing the inhibition of RNA viruses by Amaryllidaceae alkaloids suggests that future, broad‐spectrum anti‐CoV drugs may be derived from this family of natural products.
Effect of Eu doping on the thermoluminescence of UV and gamma irradiated Mg2B2O5 nanophosphors
Authors: Kumar Jitender , Kumar Shalendra , Shekhar Chander , Brajpuriya Ranjeet , Vij Ankush
Published: January 2022

This article presents the effect of europium (Eu) doping on the thermoluminescence (TL) of ultraviolet (UV‐254 nm) and gamma irradiated triclinic Mg2B2O5 nanophosphors. The diffuse reflectance predicts slight decrease in band gap from 5.18 to 4.99 eV with increasing Eu (1%, 3%, and 5%) content in Mg2B2O5. The TL glow curves of UV irradiated samples comprised of a main peak around 500 K with weak intensity peak/shoulders in low temperature region. Interestingly Eu (3%) doped Mg2B2O5 shows maximum TL intensity with suppression of low temperature shoulder peaks and almost linear UV dose dependent TL response. However, in the case of gamma irradiated Eu (1% and 3% doped) samples, TL glow curve comprises of a main peak around 425–445 K and closely lying peak around 500–515 K with relatively lesser intensity. In case of Eu (5%) doped samples, TL peak around 508 K starts dominating over peak around 425 K. TL of both UV and gamma irradiated samples showed the presence of various deep and shallow defect states within the bandgap of materials having different kinetic parameters, which were determined using TLanal software based on Kiti's general order equation. The present study shows that Eu doped Mg2B2O5 nanophosphors can be tuned for UV and gamma dosimetry.
Missed opportunities for concomitant HPV vaccination among childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Ramsay Joemy M. , Kaddas Heydon K. , Ou Judy Y. , Kepka Deanna , Kirchhoff Anne C.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Childhood cancer survivors are at higher risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related second cancers than adolescents without cancer, yet their HPV vaccination uptake is lower. Using a statewide sample, we evaluated whether survivors are at higher risk of missed opportunities for concomitant HPV vaccination.

Methods

From statewide healthcare data, we identified encounters where vaccines were received. Concomitant HPV vaccine missed opportunities were defined as a vaccine encounter where the HPV vaccine was not administered, although eligibility criteria were met. From these encounters, our sample included 327 survivors identified from the Utah Cancer Registry, diagnosed 2000–2016 at ages 0–9, and a birth year and sex‐matched sample without cancer from the general population (n = 1,911). Mixed‐effects Poisson regression estimated the rate of concomitant missed opportunities per vaccine encounter and 95% confidence intervals by vaccine encounter type (all vaccines, flu shot only, or adolescent/catch‐up) from 2013 to 2016.

Results

Survivors had more concomitant HPV vaccine missed opportunities than the population sample (70.0% vs. 59.0%). On average, survivors were 12% more likely to have missed opportunities at vaccine encounters and 4% more likely at flu shot only encounters. The predicted excess risk of concomitant missed opportunities for survivors ranged from 0.5 per10 vaccine encounters to 1.1 per10 vaccine encounters. Higher parental education, rurality, younger first vaccine age, and chemotherapy were associated with missed opportunities.

Conclusions

Childhood cancer survivors have more missed opportunities for concomitant HPV vaccination than a population sample. As flu shots should be administered annually, providers have a regular opportunity to recommend and deliver the HPV vaccine to survivors.
Predictors of optimal procedural result after transcatheter edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair in secondary mitral regurgitation
Authors: Adamo Marianna , Pagnesi Matteo , Popolo Rubbio Antonio , Branca Luca , Grasso Carmelo , Denti Paolo , Giordano Arturo , Tusa Maurizio , De Marco Federico , Lupi Laura , Bartorelli Antonio L. , Godino Cosmo , Citro Rodolfo , De Felice Francesco , Mongiardo Annalisa , Monteforte Ida , Villa Emmanuel , Giannini Cristina , Testa Luca , Curello Salvatore , Tarantini Giuseppe , Tamburino Corrado , Bedogni Francesco , Metra Marco
Published: January 2022

Background

Procedural success after transcatheter edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair (TEER) is defined as a reduction of mitral regurgitation (MR) degree to <moderate (2+). However, post‐procedural MR 0/1+ was found to be associated with a better outcome and a lower rate of MR recurrence compared to post‐procedural MR 2+.

Aim

To evaluate predictors and prognostic impact of optimal procedural result (MR 0/1+) after TEER.

Methods

The Italian Society of Interventional Cardiology (GIse) Registry of Transcatheter Treatment of Mitral Valve RegurgitaTiOn (GIOTTO) is a large multicenter registry including patients undergoing TEER in 19 Italian centers between January 2016 and March 2020. For the purpose of this analysis, only patients with secondary MR and successful TEER were included.

Results

Among 950 patients enrolled, 637 (67%) had an optimal procedural result (MR 0/1+) and 313 (33%) had an acceptable procedural result (MR 2+) after TEER. Moderate‐to‐severe, rather than severe, MR, left ventricular end‐systolic diameter <70 mm at baseline, and treatment in centers performing ≥20 procedures/year were independent predictors of the optimal procedural result. Compared to patients with acceptable procedural result, those with optimal result had shorter device time and length of stay and better outcomes with lower rates of all‐cause and cardiac deaths (25.7% vs. 40%, p < 0.001 and 16.3% vs. 24.8%, p = 0.003, respectively) and HF hospitalizations (24% vs. 30%; p = 0.035) at 2‐year follow‐up.

Conclusions

In patients with secondary MR undergoing TEER, an optimal procedural result is associated with favorable outcomes and can be achieved by selecting patients with moderate‐to‐severe MR, without severe left ventricular dilatation, and treated in high‐volume centers.

Classifications

mitral regurgitation, mitral valve repair, chronic heart failure
Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing complex percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Li Yuzhuo , Li Jing , Qiu Miaohan , Ma Sicong , Na Kun , Li Xiaoying , Qi Zizhao , Chen Sanbao , Li Yi , Han Yaling
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) undergoing complex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background

It remains inconclusive whether ticagrelor is superior to clopidogrel in ACS patients undergoing complex PCI in real‐world practice.

Methods

Based on an all‐comers PCI registry, we compared the long‐term effectiveness and safety between ticagrelor and clopidogrel in ACS patients undergoing complex PCI, defined as PCI procedures for complex lesions including bifurcation, chronic total occlusion, ostial, tortuous, calcific, diffused, thrombus‐containing, and restenotic lesions. The primary ischemic outcome was a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The safety outcome comprised Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) types 2, 3, and 5 bleeding. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce bias.

Results

Among ACS patients who underwent complex PCI, 4373 (35.2%) and 8065 (64.8%) received dual antiplatelet therapy based on ticagrelor and clopidogrel, respectively. The incidences of composite ischemic events (before PSM: 1.74% vs. 2.84%; after PSM: 1.50% vs. 2.65%; p < 0.01 for both) and all‐cause death (before PSM: 1.23% vs. 2.12%, p < 0.01; after PSM: 1.09% vs. 1.81%, p = 0.02) were significantly lower in the ticagrelor‐treated than in the clopidogrel‐treated group. There was no significant difference in BARC types 2, 3, and 5 bleeding between groups.

Conclusions

Whilst the risk of major bleeding was comparable between the two drugs, ticagrelor was associated with a significantly lower risk of ischemic events than clopidogrel in ACS patients undergoing complex PCI.
Transcatheter pulmonary valve‐in‐valve implantation within the expandable Inspiris Resilia® bioprosthetic valve
Authors: Batlivala Sarosh P. , Hagel Jonathon A. , Hirsch Russel , Shahanavaz Shabana
Published: January 2022

Transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation (TPVI) is a common intervention for patients with repaired congenital heart disease. A key issue relates to the presence of an appropriately sized implantation zone for the transcatheter valve. We report the first case, to our knowledge, of TPVI within the newly engineered Inspiris Resilia® bioprosthetic valve, intentionally designed with a balloon‐expandable valve ring (a.k.a. VFit zone) for prospective valve implantation.
MOF‐Derived Cu/Bi Bi‐metallic Catalyst to Enhance Selectivity Toward Formate for CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Xue Yi , Li Chengjin , Zhou Xiaoxia , Kuang Zhaoyu , Zhao Wanpeng , Zhang Qingming , Chen Hangrong
Published: January 2022

Converting CO2 into high‐value liquid products is a promising strategy to alleviate energy crisis. Herein, a novel Cu/Bi bi‐metal catalyst derived from MOFs has been prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis combining with high temperature calcination under N2 atmosphere, which shows cylindrical morphology composed of bi‐metallic nanoparticles. It is found that Cu/Bi bi‐metallic system is beneficial to lower the activate energy barrier of CO2 and shows a stronger adsorption capability for the CO2 ⋅ − intermediate than that of reference Bi/Bi2O3@C without Cu species. XPS analysis indicates the boosted performance for CO2 reduction reaction, which could be ascribed to synergistic coordination of Bi0 and Bi3+ in the catalyst. The optimized Cu1−Bi/Bi2O3@C exhibits excellent selectivity toward HCOOH with faradaic efficiency (FE) exceeding 84 % between −0.84 and −1.14 V vs. RHE, and even reaching 93 % at −0.94 V vs. RHE. The obtained Cu/Bi bi‐metal catalyst shows a promising application prospect in the CO2 reduction.