bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The perception of the cyberbullying phenomenon among Estonian students: Comparison of boys and girls on the basis of cyberbullying criteria and types of behaviour
Authors: Naruskov Karin , Luik Piret
Published: October 2015

Küberkiusamise sügavama mõistmise, sealhulgas mõõtmise seisukohalt on oluline teada, kuivõrd sarnaselt või erinevalt poisid ja tüdrukud küberkiusamise fenomeni tajuvad. Teema põhjalikuma käsitlemise vajalikkusele viitab ka asjaolu, et varasemad küberkiusamise valdkonnas tehtud soolise võrdluse uuringud on andnud üsna vastuolulisi tulemusi. Uurimistöö eesmärk on võrrelda poiste ja tüdrukute vahelisi erinevusi küberkiusamise fenomeni tajumisel kiusamise kriteeriumite ja liikide alusel. Uuringus osales 336 Eesti õpilast vanuses 11−17 eluaastat: 163 tüdrukut ja 173 poissi. Instrumendina kasutati Euroopa projektis COST Action IS0801 valminud ankeeti. Andmeid analüüsiti võrdlustestide, täpsemalt χ2-testi, mittepaarisvalimi t-testi ja Manni-Whitney U-testiga. Küberkiusamiskäitumist defineerivate kriteeriumite ja liikide puhul ei tuvastatud poiste ja tüdrukute hinnangute vahel ühtegi statistiliselt olulist erinevust. Seevastu küberkiusamise kriteeriumite ja liikide tõsidust tajusid poisid ja tüdrukud erinevalt.
 Summary
Living Management for Business People
Authors: Уколов  , Ukolov V.
Published: October 2015

The essence of living management for business people is considered in this paper. Cultural origins of management are revealed, humanitarian knowledge is presented, and it is shown as living practices are based on this humanitarian knowledge. Philosophical, psychological, ethical, ontological tools of living management are used.
THE LAW AND LAW-MAKING IN FRANCE
Authors: Марку Жерар , Marku Zherar
Published: October 2015

The article deals with the relation of the law and departmental law-making in France according on three types: the unity, “spreading”, the openness of the law-making process. The first view of the law-making in France is the unity in the framework of which the question of ensuring the unity of the European Union is developed. Particular attention is paid to the government’s management of the legislative process, the government authority to issue by-laws, the procedure of drafting legislation and decrees of general importance. The second type of realization of law-making in France — outside the Government activity law-making — “spreading”. The impact on the performance of law-making is revealed, new sources of law-making such as acts of European Union are marked, independent state bodies, local self-government. Particular attention is paid to such new phenomena as the legal normativity soft law (“soft law”, “droit souple”). Regarding the third kind of the law-making — the openness — it is noted that the process of law-making is not limited to the relationship between the Government and the Parliament, and all sectors of society and interest groups are involved in that process. It is noted that the amendment to the Constitution, adopted in 2008, resulted in a significant reform of the legislative production. When writing this article except for general scientific research methods (analysis and synthesis), the author has used the formal-logical, theoretical, systematic legal, historical and comparative law. Scientific novelty of the work lies in the comprehensive and systematic approach to the study of the relation of the law and guided-governmental lawmaking in France, which is conducted in three species. Analysis of the development of the main types of law-making in France and law inforcement practice at the present stage is of great scientific and practical importance. The research results can be taken into account in the development of proposals for the implementation in the Russian Federation of new approaches in law-making, adequate to modern socio — economic development of the country, relevant to the international-legal standards and the experience of foreign countries.
FEDERALISM: THE CONDITIONS FOR THE POSSIBILITY OF THE FORMATION AND MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Паулу Роберту Барбоса Рамос . , Paulu Robertu Barbosa Ramos .
Published: October 2015

The author analyzes the issues of appearance and consolidation of the idea of federalism in the Constitution of the various states and examines the characteristics of federalism. The Confederate state model has failed in the United States, as could not find a political formula that could justify the possibility of execution by the central government of its functions with the greatest efficiency. The adoption of a new formula for the exercise of political power in the USA by choosing representatives as well as the gradual accession of Member States allowed the US to overcome the disadvantages of the confederate model, which made it impossible to peaceful coexistence and effective state. The term “federal state” first appeared in German literature as most accurately reflects the context and the difference with the concept of “confederation”. As a new form of organization of the state a federal state was seen in the United States, and later in Sweden, Germany and Brazil. Despite the fact that the Americans are the creators of the phenomenon of federalism, the Constitution of the United States of 1787 does not contain any mention of the federation, federalism, or federal states. In any case, nothing takes away from the merits of Americans in the “invention of the formula” of federalism, which has undergone some changes depending on the location and the conditions which apply. The government, which wants to be called a federal, must have a constitution, two spheres of political power, the incoming participants must have a certain autonomy, as well as the opportunity to participate in the decisions of the central government also requires the Constitutional Court to deal with emerging conflicts. The federal system has made a great contribution to the history of mankind: the decision of the state of conflict with the help of legal organization, for which all parties recognize the right of the last word in matters of distribution of powers between the States.
JUDICIAL AUTHORITIES OF CONSTITUTIONAL CONTROL AS “NEGATIVE LEGISLATOR” IN MODERN PRACTICE IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Authors: Остапович Игорь , Ostapovich Igor
Published: October 2015

In the modern context judicial authorities actively participate in the creation of legal norms acting as a negative legislator (repealing operation of an unconstitutional bill or abrogating a by-law). The article consistently reveals peculiarities of carrying out by judicial authorities of constitutional control over the “negative legislator’s” functions in the frame of Anglo-Saxon, American and European model. This activity is directly linked both with the right to interpret the provisions of the state’s Constitutional law, and the right to make decisions on compliance of legal norms with that law. Difference is possible in relation to the volume of interpretation, consequences of decision-making as part of the subsequent constitutional control, and also different roles of judicial bodies. The article analyzes in detail constitutional and legal sources of such countries as Great Britain, the USA, Germany, Austria, Italy, Spain, Japan, Israel and Switzerland. The article also investigates various points of view of Russian and foreign scientists on this topic. Investigation of peculiarities in the process of building-up and development of the constitutional justice institute in Islamic states is of particular interest. It is noted in the study that it is not only Kelsen model (constitutional courts) that act as a “negative legislator”, but also other traditional models of bodies of constitutional control. The “negative legislator’s” functions performed by a body of constitutional control are inherent to any well-known model of its implementation, they have common features and at the same time certain particularities, conditioned by the structure of a national legal framework.
“AN ACTE FOR LAWES AND JUSTICE TO BE MINISTERED IN WALES IN LIKE FOURME AS IT IS IN THIS REALM” AND PROBLEMS OF INCORPORATION OF WALES IN THE ENGLISH KINGDOM
Authors: Лошкарева Мария , Loshkareva Mariya , Долкова Елизавета , Dolkova Elizaveta
Published: October 2015

The article is devoted to “An Acte for Lawes and Justice to be ministered in Wales in like fourme as it is in this Realm” (27 Henry VIII c. 26) and “An Acte for certaine Ordinaunces in the Kinges Majesties Domynion and Principalitie of Wales” (34 and 35 Henry VIII c. 26) which incorporated Wales to England, extended the legal system of England to Wales and introduced the norms of English administration. These Acts are considered as a part of the Tudor’s state formation, which was characterized by colonialism and by the intention to create a single state and a single legal jurisdiction. In this article authors analyze main causes of these acts’ creation and preparation stages for the Wales’ incorporation to England. Act of Union ended the distinction between the principality and the March, abolished privileges of the Lords of the March, established new administrative division into counties and provided Wales with representation in Parliament. According to the Act of Union 1535 English became the only language of the courts of Wales. The next Act of 1542 established new system of courts in Wales, as a result Wales got some elements of self-government.
INTERNATIONAL TOURIST LAW: TENDENCIES AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Рагимов Тельман Сабир оглы , Ragimov Telman Sabir ogly
Published: October 2015

The article deals with the formation of the international tourist law, main sources and international and legal documents that regulate the tourism business. On the basis of international documents the author sets forth general principles of the international tourist law. The author also defines the legal status of a tourist and an international traveler on the basis of existing international conventions and agreements in tourism business. A number of international treaties, conventions, declarations, as well as resolutions of international organizations form the base of international legal regulation of tourism and international travel. Thus, Art. 24 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations Organization on December 10, 1947, reads, in particular, as follows: “Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay”. Article 12 of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 16, 1966, confirms the right of each person to be free to leave any country, including his own. Resolutions and recommendations of the 1963 UN Diplomatic Conference on International Travel and Tourism deal with the promotion of tourism development in various countries of the world and simplification of formalities concerning tourism and international travel. In the modern context, tourism and international travel, as one of the forms of international economic relations, have gained a universal scale and have started to exercise significant influence on political, economic and cultural contacts between states and nations. The institute of the international tourist law is a body of principles and norms, regulating states’ activity in the sphere of tourism and international travel with the purpose of satisfying a wide range of people’s cultural and spiritual needs.
IMPLEMENTATION OF BILATERAL AGREEMENTS WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION IN CANADA
Authors: Донцов Павел , Dontsov Pavel
Published: October 2015

International agreements concluded during various historical periods between Canada and the European Union, European communities, as well as acts of domestic law of Canada adopted for the implementation of relevant rules of the international law, are the subject of this research. The aim of the study was to define models for the implementation of bilateral agreements between Canada and the European Union, the forms of their implementation in domestic law, and classification of existing and void agreements. The methodology used in the study includes formal juridical and legal, historical research methods, and the method of comparative law analysis. The author draws the conclusion that Canada concluded bilateral agreements at all stages of the European integration development since the 1959 Treaty between the Government of Canada and the European atomic energy community on cooperation in the peaceful uses of atomic energy and treaties between Canada and the European Economic Community about common and high-quality wheat, concluded in 1962. Currently, there are about 40 bilateral agreements between Canada and the EU (Communities), mainly in the sphere of economic, customs and scientific cooperation, carried out by Canada through “indirect implementation”.
CONCEPT OF FINANCIAL STABILITY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES: LEGAL ASPECT
Authors: Поветкина Наталья , Povetkina Natalya , Янкевич Семен , Yankevich Semen
Published: October 2015

This article is the research of the legal nature of the concept of “financial stability” with respect to the financial (public) relations. The paper comprises analyzes of the legal regulation of the concept at the international level — in the program documents of the United Nations and at the supranational level — in the treaties of the Member States of the European Union, the treaty of the Member States of the Eurasian Economic Union and the decisions of the Eurasian Economic Commission. The article presents a description of the concept of “financial stability”, provided for in the legislation of Great Britain, the USA, Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic and Sweden. The authors note that the concept of “financial stability” in the legislation of foreign countries has universal meaning: absence of instability of the financial system of the country, measures to prevent financial crises and minimization of their negative effects.
A REVIEW OF CERTAIN TYPES OF PERMISSIVE ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Authors: Лещенков Феликс , Leshchenkov Feliks
Published: October 2015

In this article the author briefly inspects certain types of permissive system in the United States of America: registration of companies, accreditation and licensing. The article pays attention to procedure of each type of permissive system, to bodies, empowered to perform such procedures and to related documents. Features of American federalism in permissive system are taken into account. The article would be interesting for legal scholars, researchers of comparative and American law, lecturers, students and postgraduate students of legal high schools. This article features such scientific methods as analyze, summarizing, deduction, induction, analogy and logic. Scientific nuisance of the article is confirmed by the insufficient number of Russian publications concerning permissive system in America. The article is being actual due to review of most modern changes in American permissive system.
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE ACT OF 1978 AND MODERN LEGAL STANDARDS IN THE FIELD OF INFORMATION COLLECTION AND ACQUISITION BY U. S. INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES
Authors: Дундуков Михаил , Dundukov Mikhail
Published: October 2015

This article reviews the development process for the legislation, regulating the U. S. intelligence agencies’ activities in the field of electronic surveillance. The article displays the reasons which prompted U. S. lawmakers to pass the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978; it analyzes the provisions of the law, governing the conditions and procedures for obtaining judicial order or Attorney General authorization on the implementation of electronic surveillance. Considerable attention is paid to the evolution of legal standards, added to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act after the events of September 11, 2001. In particular, it analyzes amendments and additions to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, introduced on the basis of the USA Patriot Act of 2001, Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, Protect America Act of 2007, and other laws. The article also shows the patterns of formation of the legislative balance between the interests of the intelligence services and the need to respect the constitutional rights and liberties of American citizens.
NEW STUDY IN THE SPHERE OF WATER-RELATED ACTIVITIES
Authors: Кузнецов Владимир , Kuznetsov Vladimir
Published: October 2015

The article is the review of D. O. Sivakov’s monograph “Tendencies in Legal Regulation of Water-Related Activities”. D. O. Sivakov is a leading research fellow of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, a specialist and author of researches in the sphere of water and environmental legislation. The author analyses the study under review from the perspective how this study assesses the role of the state in the water resources management. The author supports the reexamination by D. O. Sivakov of the conceptual framework of the water legislation through the lens of proposed legalization of the “water-related activities” concept. The author’s conclusion resulting from the comparison of practical experience in water bodies’ management in a number of foreign countries is worth noticing. As such, the author focuses on the public services by non-governmental organizations and entities of the parties to the water relations. In his study the author confines himself to a simple enumeration of powers of some state bodies in the water services sphere, which is evidently not enough for building a holistic picture of tendencies in the legal regulation of waterrelated activities.
COUNTERACTION CORRUPTION: EXPERIENCE OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Кабанов Павел , Kabanov Pavel , Магизов Рустем , Magizov Rustem
Published: October 2015

The subject of the review is the Commentary to the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On Fighting Corruption” on July 2, 1998. Scientific and practical importance of the undertaken research lies in the overall critical assessment of the Kazakhstan anti-corruption legislation and mechanisms of its implementation, as well as in the fact that certain anticorruption technologies (tools and mechanisms) can be borrowed by Russian law-making bodies and be used for the quality improvement of fight corruption.
Bourdieu and the Big Society: empowering the powerful in public service provision?
Authors: Hastings Annette , Matthews Peter
Published: October 2015

There is concern that the ‘localism’ promoted by the UK Coalition Government will further empower the already powerful. This paper uses Bourdieu’s theory of practice to theorise middle-class public service use. Building on a previous evidence review (Matthews and Hastings, 2013) it considers whether the habitus of the middle-classes enables them to gain disproportionate benefit from public services. Service provision is understood as a ‘field’ marked by a competitive struggle between social agents who embody class-based power asymmetries. It finds that engagement with the state is a classed practice producing benefits to those already empowered and that localism may exacerbate inequalities.
Serum Total Testosterone Concentrations in the US Household Population from the NHANES 2011–2012 Study Population
Authors: Vesper Hubert W , Wang Yuesong , Vidal Meghan , Botelho Julianne Cook , Caudill Samuel P
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND

Limited information is available about testosterone concentrations representative of the general US population, especially children, women, and non-Hispanic Asians.

METHODS

We obtained nationally representative data for total testosterone (totalT), measured with standardized LC-MS/MS, for the US population age 6 years and older from the 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We analyzed 6746 serum samples and calculated the geometric means, distribution percentiles, and covariate-adjusted geometric means by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.

RESULTS

The 10th–90th percentiles of totalT values in adults (≥20 years) was 150–698 ng/dL (5.20–24.2 nmol/L) in men, 7.1–49.8 ng/dL (0.25–1.73 nmol/L) in women, and 1.0–9.5 ng/dL (0.04–0.33 nmol/L) in children (6–10 years old). Differences among race/ethnic groups existed in children and men: covariate-adjusted totalT values in non-Hispanic Asians were highest among children (58% compared to non-Hispanic black children) and lowest among men (12% compared to Mexican-American men). Covariate-adjusted totalT values in men were higher at age 55–60 years compared to ages 35 and 80 years, a pattern different from that observed in previous NHANES cycles.

CONCLUSIONS

TotalT patterns were different among age groups in men compared with previous NHANES cycles. Covariate-adjusted totalT values peaked at age 55–60 years in men, which appeared to be consistent with the increased use of exogenous testosterone. Differences among race/ethnic groups existed and appeared more pronounced in children than adults.
O Hospital Real de Coimbra: acervo documental de uma instituição assistencial (1504-1772)
Authors: Bandeira Ana Maria Leitão
Published: October 2015

O Hospital Real de Coimbra, fundado por D. Manuel, em 1504, foi um centro de assistência médica e hospitalar, tendo colaborado diretamente com a Faculdade de Medicina, ao franquear as suas portas para a prática médica dos estudantes e ao receber como seus médicos muitos dos professores desta faculdade. Quem foi assistido no hospital, de onde vinha e que quadro social representava, são dados que podemos conhecer pela análise da documentação produzida e acumulada pela instituição. A sobrevivência económica dependia da boa administração de um património (rústico e urbano) que se estendia de Coimbra até Montemor-o-Velho, Seia e Alvoco da Serra, proveniente de doações régias e de particulares, ilustrado pelo acervo documental que sobreviveu.O trabalho visa a descrição deste acervo que se encontra no Arquivo da Universidade de Coimbra, produzido de 1448 a 1772 e acumulado entre 1504 e 1772, datas de fundação e extinção do hospital. Após esse ano, foi anexado à Universidade, na sequência da reforma pombalina de 1772. Presidiram a todo o processo de descrição arquivística a norma internacional ISAD(G) e a orientação nacional prescrita nas ODA, sendo também apresentado o inventário do fundo e respetivas séries, bem como um anexo com lista de códigos de referência das unidades de instalação.
Achievement Emotions and Peer Acceptance Get Together in Game Design at School
Authors: Brondino Margherita , Dodero Gabriella , Gennari Rosella , Melonio Alessandra , Raccanello Daniela , Torello Santina
Published: October 2015

This paper presents a game design experience in primary schools, with children creating game design ideas and prototypes. Children were organized in cooperative groups. Game design tasks were organized following gamification principles, with ad-hoc gamified material. Cooperative learning and gamification served to elicit emotions and social inclusion. This paper measures them as follows. It operationalizes social inclusion with peer acceptance in three different social contexts, measured before and after the game design activity. It tracks achievement emotions experienced during game design at school. Then the paper examines the relationships between achievement emotions and peer acceptance. In this manner, it tackles an open problem in the literature concerning the links between emotions and social well-being in a game design experience. Path analyses indicate that, respectively for received choices and mutual friendships, positive emotions played a significant role in improving children’s social relations, and negative emotions were associated with a significant deterioration of social relations, but only for the extra-school leisure context. The paper concludes assessing the study limits and results in relation to game design with and for children.
The Effect of Training Data Selection on Face Recognition in Surveillance Application
Authors: Dargham Jamal Ahmad , Chekima Ali , Moung Ervin Gubin , Omatu Sigeru
Published: October 2015

Face recognition is an important biometric method because of its potential applications in many fields, such as access control and surveillance. In surveillance applications, the distance between the subject and the camera is changing. Thus, in this paper, the effect of the distance between the subject and the camera, distance class, the effect of the number of images per class, and also the effect of session used to acquire the images have been investigated. Three sessions are used to acquire the images in the database. The images in each session were equally divided into three distance classes: CLOSE, MEDIUM, and FAR, according to the distance of the subject from the camera. It was found that using images from the MEDIUM class for training gives better performance than using either the FAR or the CLOSE class. In addition, it was also found that using one image from each class for training gives the same recognition performance as using three images from the MEDIUM class for training. It was also found that as the number of images per class increases, the recognition performance also increases. Lastly, it was found that by using one image per class from all the available database sessions gives the best recognition performance.
Cell-based assays using calcein acetoxymethyl ester show variation in fluorescence with treatment conditions
Authors: L. Miles Fayth , E. Lynch Jill , A. Sikes Robert
Published: October 2015

The use of fluorogenic compounds in cell and molecular biology has increased in both frequency and range of applications. However, such compounds may introduce artifacts in intracellular fluorescence and cell number estimations as a consequence of interaction with exogenous stimulants, necessitating the use of adequate controls for accurate measurements and valid conclusions. Using calcein acetoxymethyl ester (AM) in combination with various exogenous cellular treatments, we report that the standard practice of direct normalization of experimental values to controls is insufficient for fluorogenic measurements. Treatments applied to cells may influence intracellular conversion of the fluorogenic compound, thereby enhancing or decreasing fluorescence relative to controls. We hereby encourage caution and recommend normalization of cellular fluorescence within each treatment group before comparison to controls.
Critical Roles of “J‐Hospitalist”
Authors: Ishiyama Takaaki
Published: October 2015

The term “Hospitalist” has become very popular in USA already, ever since this concept was first introduced in 1996. The critical role of the hospitalist has been well‐recognized among all of the US hospitals and it is clearly distinct from the traditional model of “hospital patient care” provided by primary care physicians. Recently, the concept of “Hospitalist” has been introduced in Japan, and there is increasing recognition of it as a “new subspecialty”. However, the role of this newly emerging physician's group is not as clear as the one in USA, and the adoption rate has been still slow in Japan. It would be worthwhile to review the history of hospitalist movement in US and its evolution to help better understand the concept. Then, I would like to define the roles of “J‐Hospitalist” in this article.
Improvement in Ambulatory Care Skills by Self‐administered Questionnaire through an Outpatient Training Program among Post‐graduate Young Physicians
Authors: Hirooka Nobutaka , Obuchi Yasuhiro , Ono Yosuke , Hamada Koji , Hamano Kunihisa , Shiraishi Mieno , Uchida Kosuke , Tanaka Yuji
Published: October 2015

Background: A lack of ambulatory care training has been reported in the literature despite the fact that many health and medical issues are handled in the ambulatory care setting. An appropriate curriculum for ambulatory care training is also yet to be established in Japan.

Objective: We aimed at surveying competence in ambulatory care skills through a self‐administered questionnaire and satisfaction toward the ambulatory care training to fill the knowledge gap between ideal training and current training in the ambulatory setting.

Method: We recruited all of the first year postgraduate trainees (N = 45) who rotated to the ambulatory care training program provided by the Department of General Medicine at the National Defense Medical College Hospital. Participants were asked to evaluate six skills in ambulatory care (interview, physical exam, diagnostic reasoning, therapeutic reasoning, counseling, and overall skill) and satisfaction toward the training.

Results: Statistically speaking, all skills significantly improved after three months of training while some of the skills (diagnostic and therapeutic reasoning and counseling skills) improved less than the others.

Satisfaction tended to be higher in the group who experienced a high number of cases.

Conclusions: Ambulatory care training in a university hospital increases the ambulatory care skills by self‐administered questionnaire. A higher number of cases, supervised by faculty physicians, appears to be correlated with a higher satisfaction level to the training.
Chikungunya Virus Infection Presenting with Persistent Arthralgia without Fever
Authors: Sasaki Yosuke , Manda Satoru , Sato Takahiro , Maeda Tadashi , Miyazaki Taito , Nakanishi Kazushige , Urita Yoshihisa
Published: October 2015

Chikungunya virus infection (CVI) typically manifests via a “two‐phase” presentation: most patients develop acute fever and some patients subsequently develop arthralgia that can persist for years. Many patients visit clinics during the second phase, for relief of the arthralgia, but not during the acute febrile phase. We report a 25‐year‐old Japanese man infected with CVI in Jamaica who presented with chronic disabling peripheral‐dominant symmetric polyarthralgia without fever, which affected the neck, knees, elbows, wrists, and fingers. Given the recent emergence of dengue fever in Japan, clinicians should consider CVI as a differential diagnosis of dengue fever when examining travelers complaining of persistent arthralgia, regardless of their countries of origin.
Morphological and cytological diversity of goldenrods (Solidago L. and Euthamia Nutt.) from south-western Poland
Authors: Szymura Magdalena , Szymura Tomasz H. , Kreitschitz Agnieszka
Published: October 2015

Correlations between the morphology and cytology of invasive species and the effectiveness of invasion are among the most interesting questions in invasion ecology. Amongst exceptionally successful worldwide plant invaders, species of goldenrod (Solidago and Euthamia) are considered. The main aim of the study was to compare the morphology (concerning life traits) and cytology of the selected goldenrods occurring in south-western Poland with the effectiveness of their invasion. The results of the study, conducted in south-western Poland, showed that life traits of invasive Solidago and Euthamia taxa were clearly not connected with the effectiveness of invasion. The most widespread species, S. gigantea and S. altissima, had the highest ramets and uncommon species such as Euthamia graminifolia and S. virgaurea had short ramets. However, S. canadensis, which is tall, is also uncommon. The most frequent species (S. gigantea) produced smaller inflorescence than less frequent species (S. altissima, S. canadensis and Euthamia graminifolia). The spread of particular taxa was also not connected with the ploidy level and DNA content.
Synanthropization of the Baltic-type raised bog “Roby” (NW Poland)
Authors: Sotek Zofia , Grzejszczak Grzegorz , Stasińska Małgorzata , Malinowski Ryszard
Published: October 2015

Raised and transitional peat bogs, despite their considerable resistance to synanthropization, as a result of anthropogenic transformations are exposed to the colonisation by alien species. One of them is the peatland “Roby”, where, in the years 2007-2009 and 2014, floristic, phytosociological and soil studies were carried out in order to record the signs of ongoing synanthropization. Conducted observations and analyses indicated that the expansion of willows has taken place and at present they occupy a large part of the bog, encroaching into bog birch forest and successfully competing with Myrica gale. Progressive peat mineralisation and constructed surfaced roads within the bog, contributed to the appearance and wide distribution of synanthropic species, such as: Urtica dioica, Impatiens parviflora and Spiraea salicifolia. Raised bog communities and their characteristic species occur on a few fragments of the bog, in north-western part, where water regime is shaped mainly by precipitation and peat deposit is fairly well-preserved. At the same time, in the patches of these communities, a distinct unfavourable increase in the share of Molinia caerulea is observed.
Mononuclear cobalt(III) complexes with N-salicylidene-2-hydroxy-5-bromobenzylamine and N-salicylidene-2-hydroxy-5-chlorobenzylamine‡
Authors: Mikuriya Masahiro , Masuda Naoyuki , Kakuta Yoshihisa , Minato Shinya , Inui Takaya , Yoshioka Daisuke
Published: October 2015

Cobalt(III) complexes with
Different structural types of copper(II) furan- and thiophencarboxylates: X-ray structural, EPR, spectral and magnetic analyses‡
Authors: Bertová Petra , Kuchtanin Vladimír , Růžičková Zdeňka , Moncoľ Ján , Švorec Jozef , Segľa Peter
Published: October 2015

Synthesis and characterization of eight new complexes of various structural types are reported. With 5-nitro-2-furancarboxylic acid (5-NO
Direct economic impact of tourism on World Heritage Cities: An approach to measurement in emerging destinations
Authors: Cárdenas-García Pablo Juan , Pulido-Fernández Juan Ignacio , Fernández Ana Belén Mudarra
Published: October 2015

In 2013, it had been ten years since the World Heritage designation of Úbeda and Baeza. After this time period, there should have been a change in the image of this tourism destination, which should have been translated, according to the literature, into an increase in tourism, and, consequently, into a greater impact of this activity on the economy of both cities.

The aim of this work is to evaluate whether the designation of Úbeda and Baeza as World Heritage Cities has led to an increase in the economic impact generated by tourism in these destinations. To do this, the evolution of the main tourism variables of these cities over the last decade has been analysed, concluding that, indeed, there has been an increase in the direct economic impact generated by tourism in these cities, which is mainly explained by an increase in average daily expenditure.
Short-scale variability of the SCLM beneath the extra-Andeanback-arc (Paso de Indios, Argentina): Evidence from spinel-faciesmantle xenoliths
Authors: Ponce Alexis D. , Bertotto Gustavo W. , Zanetti Alberto , Brunelli Daniele , Giovanardi Tommaso , Aragón Eugenio , Bernardi Mauro I. , Hémond Christophe , Mazzucchelli Maurizio
Published: October 2015

Cenozoic basalts carrying ultramafic mantlexenoliths occur in the Matilde, León and Chenque hillsin the Paso de Indios region, Argentina. The mantle xenolithsfrom the Chenque and León hills mainly presentporphyroclastic textures, whereas the Matilde hill xenolithshave coarse-grained to porphyroclastic textures. Theequilibrium temperatures are in the range of 780 to 940ºC,indicating a provenance from shallow sectors of the lithosphericmantle column that were subjected to a relativelylow heat ffiux at Cenozoic Era.

According to the modal compositions of xenoliths, themantle beneath Matilde and León hills was affected bygreater than 22% partial melting, while less depleted peridotitesoccur in the Chenque suite (starting from 10%partial melting). Such an observation is confirmed by thepartial melting estimates based on Cr#Sp, which vary from8 to 14% for the selected Chenque samples and from 14 to18% for the Matilde ones.

The common melting trend is overlapped by small-scalecross cutting local trends that may have been generated byopen-system processes, such as open-system partial meltingand/or post partial-melting metasomatic migration ofexotic Na-Cr-rich melts.

The two main mineralogical reaction schemes are: i) thedissolution of pyroxenes and the segregation of newolivine in olivine-rich peridotites, and ii) the replacementof primary olivine by orthopyroxene±clinopyroxenein orthopyroxene-rich peridotites. These were producedby channelled and/or pervasive melt extraction/migration. Enhanced pyroxene dissolution isattributed to channelling of silica- undersaturatedmelts, whereas the replacement of primary olivine byorthopyroxene±clinopyroxene points to reaction withsilica-saturated melts.

Late disequilibrium reactions identified in the xenolithscomprise: the breakdown of orthopyroxene in contact withthe host basalt, and (rarely) reaction coronae on orthopyroxene,clinopyroxene and spinel linked to glassy veins.Such features are apparently related to the injection ofmelt, likely during entrainment into the host basalts andascent to the surface.
Geological modelling for investigating CO2 emissions in FlorinaBasin, Greece
Authors: Koukouzas Nikolaos , Tasianas Alexandros , Gemeni Vasiliki , Alexopoulos Dimitrios , Vasilatos Charalampos
Published: October 2015

This paper presents an investigation of naturallyoccurring CO2 emissions from the Florina natural analoguesite in Greece. The main objective was to interpretpreviously collected depth sounding data, convert theminto surfaces, and use them as input to develop, for thefirst time, 3D geological models of the Florina basin. Byalso locating the extent of the aquifer, the location of theCO2 source, the location of other natural CO2 accumulations,and the points where CO2 reaches the surface, wewere able to assess the potential for CO2 leakage. Geologicalmodels provided an estimate of the lithological compositionof the Florina Basin and allowed us to determinepossible directions of groundwater flow and pathways ofCO2 flow throughout the basin.Important modelling parameters included the spatial positionsof boundaries, faults, and major stratigraphic units(which were subdivided into layers of cells). We used variousfunctions in Petrel software to first construct a structuralmodel describing the main rock boundaries.We thendefined a 3D mesh honouring the structural model, andfinally we populated each cell in the mesh with geologicproperties, such as rock type and relative permeability.According to the models, the thickest deposits are locatedaround Mesochorion village where we estimate thataround 1000 m of sediments were deposited above thebasement. Initiation of CO2 flow at Florina Basin couldhave taken place between 6.5 Ma and 1.8 Ma ago. The NESWoriented faults, which acted as fluid flow pathways,are still functioning today, allowing for localised leakageat the surface. CO2 leakage may be spatially variable andepisodic in rate. The episodicity can be linked to the timingof Almopia volcanic activity in the area.
Natural radioactivity distribution and gammaradiation exposure of beach sands close to Kavalapluton, Greece
Authors: Papadopoulos Argyrios , Koroneos Antonios , Christofides Georgios , Stoulos Stylianos
Published: October 2015

This study aims to evaluate the activity concentrationsof 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, 228Th and 40K along thebeaches of Kavala being adjacent to the rock-types of theKavala pluton. These ranged from 14–940, 16–1710, 26–4547, 27–4488 and 194–1307 Bq/kg respectively, representingthe highest values of natural radioactivity measuredin sediments of Greece. The (%wt.) heavy magnetic (HM)(allanite, amphibole, mica, clinopyroxene, magnetite andhematite) fraction, the heavy non-magnetic (HNM) (monazite,zircon, titanite and apatite) fraction and the totalheavy fraction (TH), were correlated with the concentrationsof the measured radionuclides in the bulk samples.The heavy fractions seem to control the activity concentrationsof 238U and 232Th of all the samples, showingsome local differences in the main 238U and 232Th mineralcarrier. The measured radionuclides in the beach sandswere normalized to the respective values measured in thegranitic rocks, which are their most probable parentalrocks, so as to provide data upon their enrichment or depletion.The annual equivalent dose varies between 0.01and 0.35 mSv y−1 for tourists and from 0.03 to 1.48 mSv y−1for local people working on the beach.
Investigating Compositional Variation of CeramicMaterials during the Late Neolithic on the GreatHungarian Plain – Preliminary LA-ICP-MS Results
Authors: Riebe Danielle J. , Niziolek Lisa C.
Published: October 2015

Investigations have been undertaken to assessthe extent to which compositional analysis can be usedto determine trade and interaction on the Great HungarianPlain during the Late Neolithic. Ceramic and clay samplesin the Körös and Berettyó River Basins were analyzedat the Elemental Analysis Facilities (EAF) at The Field Museumof Natural History in Chicago, IL, USA. With the useof laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS), the aim of the project was to ascertainif micro-regional or site-specific compositional signaturescould be determined in a region that is typically characterizedas highly geologically homogenous. Identifyingsite-specific signatures enables archaeologists to modelprehistoric interactions and, in turn, determine the relationshipbetween interaction and various socio-culturalchanges. This paper focuses on the preliminary compositionalresults of materials analyzed from three differentsites across the Plain and the methodological implicationsfor future anthropological research in the region.
First evidence for Permian-Triassic boundary volcanism in the Northern Gemericum: geochemistry and U-Pb zircon geochronology
Authors: Vozárová Anna , Presnyakov Sergey , Šarinová Katarína , Šmelko Miloš
Published: October 2015

Several magmatic events based on U-Pb zircon geochronology were recognized in the Permian sedimentary succession of the Northern Gemeric Unit (NGU). The Kungurian magmatic event is dominant. The later magmatism stage was documented at the Permian-Triassic boundary. The detrital zircon assemblages from surrounding sediments documented the Sakmarian magmatic age. The post-orogenic extensional/transtensional faulting controlled the magma ascent and its emplacement. The magmatic products are represented by the calc-alkaline volcanic rocks, ranging from basaltic metaandesite to metarhyolite, associated with subordinate metabasalt. The whole group of the studied NGU Permian metavolcanics has values for the Nb/La ratio at (0.44–0.27) and for the Nb/U ratio at (9.55–4.18), which suggests that they represent mainly crustal melts. Magma derivation from continental crust or underplated crust is also indicated by high values of Y/Nb ratios, ranging from 1.63 to 4.01. The new206U–238Pb zircon ages (concordia age at 269 ± 7 Ma) confirm the dominant Kungurian volcanic event in the NGU Permian sedimentary basin. Simultaneously, the Permian-Triassic boundary volcanism at 251 ± 4 Ma has been found for the first time. The NGU Permian volcanic activity was related to a polyphase extensional tectonic regime. Based on the new and previous U-Pb zircon ages, the bulk of the NGU Permian magmatic activity occurred during the Sakmarian and Kungurian. It was linked to the post-orogenic transpression/transtension tectonic movements that reflected the consolidation of the Variscan orogenic belt. The Permian-Triassic boundary magmatism was accompanied by extension, connected with the beginning of the Alpine Wilson cycle.
Phonon Transport in a Thin Film due to Temperature Oscillation at the Film Edge
Authors: Ali H. , Yilbas B.S.
Published: October 2015

Transient response of phonon transport in a two-dimensional silicon thin film due to temperature disturbance at the film edge is investigated. Temperature oscillations with different frequencies are incorporated at the high-temperature edge of the film while uniform temperature is assumed initially in the film. The size of heat source, due to temperature oscillation, is varied at the film edge to investigate the coupling effect of oscillation frequency and the heat source size on the phonon transport in the film. Equivalent equilibrium temperature is introduced to assess the phonon transport characteristics for different temperature disturbance conditions. A numerical method incorporating the discrete ordinate method is used to solve the Boltzmann transport equation with the appropriate boundary conditions. It is found that equivalent equilibrium temperature oscillates in the region close to the high-temperature edge of the film; however, oscillation characteristics in terms of frequency and amplitude do not follow temperature oscillation at the film edge. Heat source size and oscillation frequency influence significantly equivalent equilibrium temperature in the film, which is more pronounced in the late heating periods.
Optimization of Traveling Salesman Problem Using Affinity Propagation Clustering and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: El-Samak Ahmad Fouad , Ashour Wesam
Published: October 2015

Combinatorial optimization problems, such as travel salesman problem, are usually NP-hard and the solution space of this problem is very large. Therefore the set of feasible solutions cannot be evaluated one by one. The simple genetic algorithm is one of the most used evolutionary computation algorithms, that give a good solution for TSP, however, it takes much computational time. In this paper, Affinity Propagation Clustering Technique (AP) is used to optimize the performance of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) for solving TSP. The core idea, which is clustering cities into smaller clusters and solving each cluster using GA separately, thus the access to the optimal solution will be in less computational time. Numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm can give a good results for TSP problem more than the simple GA.
Performance Comparison of Hybrid Electromagnetism-Like Mechanism Algorithms with Descent Method
Authors: Miyajima Hirofumi , Shigei Noritaka , Miyajima Hiromi
Published: October 2015

Electromagnetism-like Mechanism (EM) method is known as one of metaheuristics. The basic idea is one that a set of parameters is regarded as charged particles and the strength of particles is corresponding to the value of the objective function for the optimization problem. Starting from any set of initial assignment of parameters, the parameters converge to a value including the optimal or semi-optimal parameter based on EM method. One of its drawbacks is that it takes too much time to the convergence of the parameters like other meta-heuristics. In this paper, we introduce hybrid methods combining EM and the descent method such as BP, k-means and FIS and show the performance comparison among some hybrid methods. As a result, it is shown that the hybrid EM method is superior in learning speed and accuracy to the conventional methods.
Rotating Shaft Tilt Angle Measurement Using an Inclinometer
Authors: Luo Jun , Wang Zhiqian , Shen Chengwu , Wen Zhuoman , Liu Shaojin , Cai Sheng , Li Jianrong
Published: October 2015

This paper describes a novel measurement method to accurately measure the rotating shaft tilt angle of rotating machine for alignment or compensation using a dual-axis inclinometer. A model of the rotating shaft tilt angle measurement is established using a dual-axis inclinometer based on the designed mechanical structure, and the calculation equation between the rotating shaft tilt angle and the inclinometer axes outputs is derived under the condition that the inclinometer axes are perpendicular to the rotating shaft. The reversal measurement method is applied to decrease the effect of inclinometer drifts caused by temperature, to eliminate inclinometer and rotating shaft mechanical error and inclinometer systematic error to attain high measurement accuracy. The uncertainty estimation shows that the accuracy of rotating shaft tilt angle measurement depends mainly on the inclinometer uncertainty and its uncertainty is almost the same as the inclinometer uncertainty in the simulation. The experimental results indicate that measurement time is 4 seconds; the range of rotating shaft tilt angle is 0.002° and its standard deviation is 0.0006° using NS-5/P2 inclinometer, whose precision and resolution are ±0.01° and 0.0005°, respectively.