bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Proporciona la normativa contable española para organizaciones no gubernamentales el marco conceptual idóneo para la presentación de información económico financiera transparente? Similitudes y diferencias con la normativa internacional aplicada por las
Authors: Villarroya Lequericaonandia María Begoña , Ramos Sánchez Sofía
Published: July 2018

La importancia de las ONGs ha aumentado últimamente consecuencia de la crisis, pero si su papel es importante, también lo es su transparencia. En concreto, estamos interesados en conocer la “calidad” de su información económico-financiera, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Dentro del ámbito nacional comenzaremos el trabajo examinando el Plan Contable de Entidades sin ánimo de lucro aprobado en 2011 (en adelante, PGCESFL) analizando su marco conceptual, fundamentos, principios y conceptos básicos, cuyo cumplimiento conduce -en un proceso lógico deductivo- al reconocimiento y valoración de los elementos de las cuentas anuales de estas organizaciones en España. Este análisis nos proporcionaría una idea del potencial grado de transparencia de la normativa nacional. La manera de estudiar la normativa internacional se efectuará desde una perspectiva práctica, es decir, observando los distintos criterios y normas aplicados en sus valoraciones por las ONGs más importantes, conociendo las cuentas anuales que presentan y sus estructuras, así como otra información relevante para los usuarios de esta información. Para ello y tras introducir las 20 ONGs más importantes del mundo, buscaremos su información financiera (sus cuentas anuales) publicada en su website, y conoceremos el mayor o menor grado de transparencia que estas cuentas presentan, indagando en su contenido para tratar de averiguar si recogen alguna información específica para una ONG, sobre sus proyectos, su grado de cumplimiento, etc. efectuándose estudio de los mismos y dando a conocer un esquema de su contenido.Comprobaremos para finalizar si en la información exigida en España se observa alguna carencia respecto de la presentada por las ONGs analizadas.
A autonomia no Teatro Musical: as percepções dos participantes sob a perspectiva da Teoria da Autodeterminação
Authors: Fagundes Flávia Maiara Lima , Ribeiro Giann Mendes
Published: July 2018

Este estudo tem por temática a motivação no Teatro Musical. A pesquisa teve o objetivo de analisar a satisfação da necessidade psicológica básica de autonomia perceptível pelos integrantes de uma companhia de Teatro Musical, e identificar os tipos de motivação encontrados. Desenvolvida sob a perspectiva da Teoria da Autodeterminação, esta pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa, com base no estudo de entrevistas como estratégia de investigação, tendo a entrevista semiestruturada como principal técnica de coleta de dados. A análise dos dados apontou que múltiplos fatores fortaleceram a motivação autônoma dos indivíduos nas atividades desenvolvidas na Companhia Musicale, e outros fatores comprometeram. Palavras-chave: Autonomia; Motivação; Teoria da Autodeterminação; Educação musical; Teatro Musical.
Aplicação de conceitos da psicologia cognitiva na construção de automatismos na leitura musical
Authors: Bogo Danilo
Published: July 2018

Este artigo discute a influência da psicologia cognitiva no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da leitura musical

visando melhorar o desempenho da leitura à primeira vista. Reconhecendo a importância de respostas cinestésicas

automatizadas aos estímulos visuais, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar alguns conceitos da psicologia cognitiva

que podem ser usados para facilitar a construção de automatismos aptos a serem evocados numa tarefa de leitura

musical. Para isso, será apresentado a arquitetura cognitiva relacionada a uma tarefa de leitura musical. Em seguida,

mostraremos a importância dos automatismos na leitura e abordaremos algumas práticas influenciadas pela psicologia

cognitiva. Entre os conceitos abordados estão tipos de conhecimento, metacognição, codificação dupla, transferência

de conhecimento e chunking. Conclui-se que um melhor conhecimento do nosso processo cognitivo pode

influenciar as estratégias de ensino/aprendizagem na leitura musical.

Palavras-chave: Cognição; Leitura musical à primeira vista; Automatismos na leitura musical.
Música nas escolas: uma investigação sobre a implementação nos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Wolffenbüttel Cristina Rolim , Ertel Daniele Isabel , Souza Jusamara Vieira
Published: July 2018

Esta pesquisa investigou a música nas escolas públicas municipais do Rio Grande do Sul. Teve como desenho metodológico a abordagem quantitativa, o método survey interseccional de grande porte e a aplicação de questionários autoadministrados como técnica de coleta dos dados. A análise de conteúdo constituiu a técnica para a análise dos dados, a partir de conceitos da educação musical balizados pela legislação educacional e pela Abordagem do Ciclo de Políticas. Como resultados constatou-se que, apesar da legislação vigente e da existência de algumas atividades musicais nas escolas, ainda persiste a luta para a efetiva implementação da educação musical no estado. Palavras-chave: Música nas Escolas; Políticas Públicas em Educação Musical; Lei Federal nº 11.769/2008.
Escolhendo o repertório coral: uma tarefa de regentes?
Authors: Cruz Paes de Almeida Matheus
Published: July 2018

O artigo discute primeiramente a formação do regente coral nos aspectos de técnica vocal, técnica de regência,

técnica de ensaio ou gestão de ensaio, elaboração ou adaptação de arranjos e o papel do regente na escolha do

repertório coral. O artigo também propôs uma prática não somente centrada no regente, mas voltada para o interesse

dos coralistas. Esta proposta foi desenvolvida através de um estudo de caso com o coral Nossa Voz de Flórida-PR.

A participação destes coralistas na escolha do repertório foi um processo que trousse motivação, identidade e boas

lembranças para o grupo. O referencial teórico considerou trabalhos de Amato (2010), Bartle (2003), Cox (2006), Devenny

(2014), Lakschevitz (2007), Kerr (2007), Vieira e Ray (2007), Schmeling (1999), entre outros.

Palavras-chave: Escolha de repertório coral; Prática coral; O papel do regente coral.
Técnicas estendidas do contrabaixo em arranjos crossover
Authors: Borém Fausto , Campos João Paulo
Published: July 2018

Este estudo busca integrar as músicas erudita e popular por meio da utilização de técnicas estendidas eruditas do contrabaixo acústico em arranjos crossover de canções referenciais da música popular brasileira. A partir da seleção de atmosferas emocionais contrastantes (RUSSELL, 1980) e com base na análise do binômio letra-música nas canções, os coautores do presente artigo criaram seis arranjos contendo diversas técnicas estendidas do contrabaixo (ROBERT, 1995; TURETZKY, 1989, 1974; ROSA, 2014). A elaboração de MaPAs (Mapas de Performance Audiovisual) e EdiPAS (Edições de Performance Audiovisual; BORÉM, 2014, 2016) para os arranjos visam, não apenas descrever com maior precisão a utilização/realização destas técnicas não tradicionais entre compositores/performers do meio erudito, mas também seu ensino, especialmente no meio popular, onde estas técnicas são muito pouco conhecidas. Palavras-chave: Técnicas estendidas eruditas do contrabaixo acústico; Arranjos crossover de canções brasileiras; Relação texto-música; Música popular e música erudita; Contrabaixo avant-garde.
Análise e aplicações do método Milanov para violino
Authors: Farias Bujes Paula
Published: July 2018

O propósito deste artigo é revelar o método para violino do educador búlgaro Trendafil Milanov (1909-

1999). Para isso, apresento os resultados de um estudo qualitativo composto de coleta de dados por meio de técnicas

etnográficas diversas. Os temas de pesquisa, confirmados pela análise do método, revelaram seus principais aspectos.

O método desenvolve uma ótima noção da geografia do espelho do violino e utiliza a rotação do antebraço como

ferramenta essencial para a produção sonora do estágio inicial ao avançado. O uso de canções búlgaras como material

musical reciclado é uma das estratégias pedagógicas evidenciadas, acompanhada pelo constante estímulo do

senso de autonomia do aluno. Estes resultados revelam um método para violino pouco conhecido e contribuem para

a pesquisa no âmbito da pedagogia do violino.

Palavras-chave: Pedagogia da performance; Ensino do instrumento; Pedagogia do violino; Método Milanov; Escola

franco-belga; Mudança de posição.
Sugestões para a preparação de excertos orquestrais do romantismo para viola
Authors: Pontes Luciano
Published: July 2018

Este artigo propõe algumas estratégias de preparação para excertos orquestrais de obras escritas para viola.

Foram realizadas análises de aspectos técnicos do instrumento em três excertos relevantes do período romântico, utilizando

como fundamentação importantes aspectos de trabalhos escritos por autores como Flesh, Ficher, Brandolino,

Yost entre outros. O objetivo principal é sugerir alternativas de estudo que possam orientar o violista a organizar sua

preparação de excertos, a fim de otimizar seu desempenho em concursos, provas de banca e performances em geral.

Observamos que a preparação de excertos do violista a fim de obter sucesso em audições orquestrais possui vários

desafios, desde tocar com uma boa afinação a sensibilidade de lidar com diversidades estilísticas que compõem o

repertório de uma audição. Verificamos a necessidade da elaboração de um planejamento estratégico de estudo direcionado

para solucionar casuais problemas que podem surgir ao longo da preparação. Esperamos que este artigo

contribua com a pesquisa e ensino da viola no Brasil.

Palavras-chave: Viola; Excertos orquestrais; Repertório romântico.
O processo de digitação ao violão para o Prelúdio BWV 997 de Johann Sebastian Bach
Authors: Nunes Maurício , Alípio Alisson
Published: July 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma digitação para o Prelúdio BWV 997 de Johann Sebastian Bach. Identificamos e classificamos os motivos presentes na obra. Em seguida, apresentamos uma digitação para os mesmos, que refletisse lógica e unidade e, consequentemente, para todo o Prelúdio. Assim, comparamos as edições, Frank Koonce e Frédéric Zigante, que utilizamos como edições de referência, abordamos algumas problemáticas ao digitar a obra de Johann Sebastian Bach para violão e concluímos com a elaboração de uma edição prática da referida obra, por entendermos que a digitação também é um elemento interpretativo. Palavras-chave: Repertório de violão; Digitação ao violão; Edição de performance.
A percussão típica brasileira na obra Variações Rítmicas Opus 15 de Marlos Nobre
Authors: Arilho Rodolfo Vilaggio , Hashimoto Fernando Augusto de Almeida
Published: July 2018

Este artigo aborda os instrumentos de percussão tipicamente brasileiros utilizados por Marlos Nobre em sua obra Variações Rítmicas para piano e seis percussionistas, composta em 1963. Essa pode ser considerada a primeira peça de repercussão no cenário brasileiro para esta formação. Nobre mescla os instrumentos da percussão popular como cuíca aguda, chocalho de metal, afoxé, reco-reco, agogô, pandeiro, tamborim e três atabaques, com uma obra que tem características eruditas, dodecafônicas e seriais. Palavras-chave: Instrumentos de percussão; Marlos Nobre; Variações Rítmicas; Percussão brasileira.
A symphonic poem arrangement for piano and tamburitza orchestra by Ferenc Kovač
Authors: Marić Slađana
Published: July 2018

The subject matter discussed in the text is a symphonic poem by Ferenc Kovač (KOVÁCS, 1948) titled

“Ratna poema” (The War Poem) arranged for piano and tamburitza orchestra. The premiere performance of the piece

by the pianist Slađana Marić and The Grand Tamburitza Orchestra of Radio-Television of Vojvodina, conducted by

F. Kovač, was held on 24th of May, 2011 in Novi Sad, Serbia. The main purpose of this research was to discuss this

unique music piece in contemporary piano and tamburitza orchestra repertoire. Methodology was based on soft or

research interview and analytical approach. The main conclusion was that, in general, this orchestral work with a

solo piano, is a unique combination of memorable tunes, solid construction, and vivid orchestration. The analytical

interpretations offered in this paper may be the first guidance for future interpretation or performance of the piece.

Keywords: Kovač (Kovács) Ferenc; Musical analysis and performance; Piano Repertoire; Tamburitza Orchestra.
Música e teatro de encômio na corte de d. João VI (1808-1821): Um palco para louvar, divertir e instruir
Authors: Amorim Humberto
Published: July 2018

O artigo analisa os papeis desempenhados pela música praticada nos teatros (e do próprio Teatro) no projeto de poder posto em prática no Brasil ao longo do período joanino (1808-1821), avaliando os aspectos simbólicos e práticos conferidos às manifestações artísticas neste ínterim. Para tanto, o texto suscita 33 anúncios recolhidos nos três periódicos inaugurais da imprensa brasileira (Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro, Idade d’Ouro e Correio Braziliense), articulando seus conteúdos com estudos referenciais sobre o tema (BUDASZ, 2008) e o conceito de “encômio alegórico” proposto por Teixeira (1999). Os resultados apontam para o uso da arte com uma tripla perspectiva: louvar, divertir e instruir.
Duas transcrições das Siete Canciones Populares Españolas de Manuel de Falla: um estudo comparativo
Authors: Ferrari Ângela Maria , Aquino Felipe Avellar de
Published: July 2018

Resumo: Este artigo busca refletir sobre o processo de reelaboração musical a partir de um estudo comparativo entre as versões de Maurice Maréchal e Emilio Colón, violoncelistas de diferentes gerações, que realizaram transcrições das Siete Canciones Populares Españolas de Manuel de Falla, para violoncelo e piano. O trabalho surgiu como consequência do estudo biográfico do violoncelista e pedagogo francês, Maurice Maréchal, que, mesmo estando presente na vida dos violoncelistas atuais, principalmente por meio de suas transcrições, é relativamente pouco lembrado. É também intenção deste trabalho, analisar as decisões que permeiam as transcrições da obra em questão, abordando aspectos técnicos específicos do instrumento, como também seu resultado sonoro.
Emergent timbre and extended techniques in live-electronic music: an analysis of desdobramentos do contínuo performed by audio descriptors
Authors: Augusto de Albuquerque Rossetti Danilo , Teixeira da Silva William , Augusto Manzolli Jônatas
Published: July 2018

In this article, an analysis of the piece Desdobramentos do contínuo for violoncello and live-electronics is addressed concerning instrumental extended techniques, electroacoustic tape sounds, real-time processing, and their interaction. This is part of a broad research about the computer-aided musical analysis of electroacoustic mu- sic. The objective of the analysis of this piece is to understand the spectral activity of the emergent sound structures, in terms of which events produce huge timbre variations, and to identify timbre subtle nuances that are not percep- tible on a first listen of the work. We conclude comparing the analyses results to the compositional hypotheses pre- sented in the initial sections.
AirQ sonification as a context for mutual contribution between science and music
Authors: Jaramillo Arango Julián
Published: July 2018

This paper addresses a high-level discussion about the links between Science and Music, focusing on my own sonification and auditory display practices around air quality. Grounded on recent insights on interdisciplina- rity and sonification practices, the first sections will point out some potential contributions from scientific research to music studies and vice versa. I will propose the concept of mutualism to depict the interdependent status of Mu- sic and Science. The final sections will discuss air contamination as a complex contemporary problem, and will re- port three practice-based-design projects, AirQ jacket, Esmog Data and Breathe!, which outline different directions in facing local environmental awareness.
Mosaicode and the visual programming of web application for music and multimedia
Authors: Luiz Schiavoni Flávio , Luiz Gonçalves Luan , Mauro da Silva Sandy José
Published: July 2018

The development of audio application demands a high knowledge about this application domain, traditional program- ming logic and programming languages. It is possible to use a Visual Programming Language to ease the application development, including experimentations and creative exploration of the language. In this paper we present a Visual Programming Environment to create Web Audio applications, called Mosaicode. Different from other audio creation platforms that use a visual approach, our environment is a source code generator based on code snippets to create complete applications.
¿Urbanización fallada? La Falla San Ramón como nuevo escenario de riesgo sísmico y la sostenibilidad de Santiago, Chile
Authors: Vargas Easton Gabriel , Inzulza Contardo Jorge , Pérez Tello Sonia , Ejsmentewicz Cáceres Daniela , Jiménez Yáñez Catalina
Published: July 2018

Santiago de Chile, habitada por cerca de 7 millones de personas, se ubica a los pies del flanco occidental de la Cordillera Principal de Los Andes, uno de los cordones montañosos más activos de nuestro planeta. La zona oriente de Santiago ha experimentado una expansión urbana sin precedentes en las últimas cuatro décadas, generando un aumento de la exposición de sus habitantes a riesgos socio-naturales de origen geológico, entre ellos la posibilidad de terremotos corticales asociados a la Falla San Ramón. El presente trabajo explora este nuevo escenario de amenaza sísmica, utilizando cartografía especializada a partir de cinco estados de avance claves para la ciudad, impulsados por políticas urbanas nacionales e instrumentos de planificación intercomunal desde 1960 hasta la actualidad. Los resultados muestran que esta urbanización acelerada ha alcanzado un 55% de la traza en superficie de la falla, lo cual no ha sido considerado en las regulaciones. Se concluye en la necesidad de avanzar en los vacíos normativos a través de la articulación de la amenaza sísmica natural con el medio urbano, como base para la reducción del riesgo de desastres y un desarrollo sostenible que considere además las inequidades de la urbe.
La gentrificación comercial y estigmatización a partir de la violencia. El caso del centro histórico de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, 2009-2017
Authors: Quezada Daniel Daniel
Published: July 2018

El fenómeno de violencia e inseguridad que experimentó Ciudad Juárez a partir de 2007 hizo que los diferentes ámbitos gubernamentales elaboraran estrategias de intervención y renovación urbana para disminuir los indicadores delictivos. El centro histórico fue donde se inició este proceso, debido que ahí se señalaban diversos comercios conocidos como giros negros (bares, cantinas, centros nocturnos y hoteles) que, a la luz del gobierno federal y local, fomentaban un ambiente de violencia. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar y describir este proceso de intervención urbana que tuvo como resultado la desaparición de estos comercios. La metodología utilizada fue de perfil mixto, sustentada en un análisis socioespacial en 2009 y 2017, a partir del Directorio Estadístico Nacional de Unidades Económicas (DENUE) e investigación en archivo de instituciones de comercio local. Los hallazgos exponen la desaparición de estos tipos de comercios de manera intensiva durante el periodo más álgido de violencia en Ciudad Juárez, en particular en la sub zona turística. Los resultados muestran que la política de intervención se justificó en un contexto violento e inseguro, teniendo como base un diagnóstico en sus planes y programas que estigmatizaba las actividades comerciales, colectivos y lugares.
Neoliberalismo y transformaciones socio-espaciales en caletas urbanas del Área Metropolitana de Concepción. Los casos de Caleta Los Bagres y Caleta Cocholgüe, Tomé
Authors: Guerrero Valdebenito Rosa María , Alarcón Rodríguez Mabel
Published: July 2018

Las caletas de Chile son asentamientos litorales centrados en la pesca artesanal a pequeña escala, que conviven con sistemas urbanizados mayores –grandes infraestructuras, puertos y ciudades– lo que genera tensiones y amenazas a sus prácticas socioculturales, económicas y de habitabilidad tradicionales.

El articulo explora estas tensiones, centrándose en los casos de las caletas de Los Bagres y Cocholgüe, en la comuna de Tomé, Área Metropolitana de Concepción.

Para ello, propone comprender los procesos de transformación socio-espacial de éstas caletas, y sus estrategias de adaptación a los efectos del modelo de desarrollo neoliberal.

La metodología de investigación es cualitativa, en base a un análisis social y espacial, incorporando técnicas de recolección de información como revisión de fuentes bibliográficas, realización de entrevistas semi-estructuradas, levantamiento de campo, y procesamiento y análisis de los procesos de transformación y estrategias de adaptación, que se mapean y esquematizan. Las transformaciones se organizan en fases, acompañadas de mapas de interpretación del crecimiento urbano.

Los resultados han permitido reflexionar en torno a las fragilidades de las caletas en dos niveles. Primero, en su configuración interna como lugares que combinan vida y trabajo, ya que cuando merma el recurso que las hizo nacer, se pone en riesgo su sostenibilidad. Segundo, en su exposición a procesos de invisibilización o erradicación, que describen los niveles de integración de ellas a los entornos urbanos. Finalmente, ha permitido reflexionar en torno a la necesidad de preservar y poner en valor sus modos de vida y los espacios que dan cuenta de ellos, como parte central de la identidad y sostenibilidad de los territorios urbanos litorales del país.
Home-city interactions in suburban Tokyo
Authors: Martín Domínguez Dra. Guiomar , De Esteban Garbayo Dr. Javier
Published: July 2018

In 2002, Ryue Nishizawa received the commission to build a house in the special ward of Ōta, a traditional village swallowed by the expanding metropolis. The proposed scheme colonizes the plot with independent boxes and interlocking gardens, allowing the owner to rent part of the property while paying his mortgage. This design strategy, based on a radical fragmentation of the dwelling’s program and on the blurring of hierarchies, is closely linked to Tokyo’s urban context, firstly in socio-economic terms. It also confers a renewed role to the existing network of urban voids from the neighborhood; it invites to a reconsideration of the idea of limit and it challenges traditional spatial binaries like exterior/interior or public/private. Ultimately, this paper aims to show how Moriyama House acts as an active component of the ever-changing city fabric around it, while questioning traditional bonds between home and city in the framework of contemporary culture.
El rol del turismo frente al territorio rural y su legado ancestral
Authors: Cevallos Barragán Arq. Francisco , Jarrin Coello Mg. Jorge , Cevallos Barragán Dr. Carlos
Published: July 2018

El presente trabajo aborda un planteamiento crítico en torno al espacio rural, su definición e implicaciones desde una perspectiva territorial y de miras al futuro en consideración a su dimensión social. A través de una experiencia práctica, se originan relevantes discernimientos sobre el espacio público en la ruralidad. Se considera que las estrategias y definiciones desarrolladas en el espacio urbano no pueden ser aplicadas en el contexto rural, pues ambos presentan diferencias que no son sólo morfológicas. Se establece un enfoque hacia la recuperación del espacio rural como riqueza ancestral intangible a través de la reinterpretación de sus referencias ancestrales en el territorio. De este modo, se plantea el comienzo de una discusión sobre la relevancia de comprender las dinámicas sociales, económicas, políticas, culturales, legales, y geográficas propias del territorio rural con la finalidad de generar estrategias enfocadas a su desarrollo integral y recíproco.

* La investigación ha formado parte de un conversatorio promovido por Media Lab UIO y como ponencia en el Primer Congreso de Estudios Urbanos del Ecuador. Además fue utilizado como parte conceptual de la propuesta ganadora del Primer Congreso Nacional de Arquitectura del Ecuador.
Billy Cash: Alcancía digital para promover comportamientos de ahorro con significado
Authors: De Francisco Vela Santiago , Casais Mafalda
Published: July 2018

La virtud es un elemento fundamental del bienestar. Investigaciones anteriores han propuesto que el diseño inspirado en las emociones puede ser un poderoso mediador para apoyar la virtuosidad. Sin embargo, las soluciones existentes generalmente se enfocan en acciones aisladas. En este artículo utilizamos el ejemplo del ahorro como un caso de diseño –Billy Cash, una alcancía digital que permite a los usuarios reflexionar durante el proceso de ahorro y extender la apreciación de un objeto comprado– para demostrar cómo el diseño puede facilitar un comportamiento virtuoso que es sostenible y promueve cambio. A través del análisis y evaluación del caso de diseño, proponemos un modelo para diseñar para comportamientos virtuosos. El modelo establece un escenario para las intervenciones de diseño que contemplan acciones virtuosas para ser transformadas en comportamientos virtuosos mediadas por la resignificación de recursos y estímulos detrás de la experiencia.
Analizando respuestas verbales para identificar evaluaciones temáticas en la interacción persona-objeto
Authors: Ortiz Nicolás Juan Carlos
Published: July 2018

Esta investigación presenta cómo analizar respuestas verbales con el fin de identificar evaluaciones temáticas de eventos que activan emociones particulares en la interacción persona-objeto. Las evaluaciones temáticas son descripciones generales que sintetizan y reflejan respuestas similares, a partir de reportes subjetivos de un grupo de personas al experimentar una emoción particular. Dos emociones: confianza y frustración son utilizadas como casos de estudio, con el objetivo de identificar sus evaluaciones temáticas. El artículo presenta una descripción procedimental para obtener la información y detalla cómo realizar el análisis de los datos obtenidos.

Identificar las evaluaciones temáticas que activan una emoción ayuda a que especialistas en diseño entiendan mejor la experiencia emocional que las personas tienen con los objetos. Las evaluaciones temáticas también son puntos de partida para diseñar emociones particulares.
Estructuras reticulares en los modelos metodológicos de las disciplinas proyectuales
Authors: Burgos Carlos Eduardo , Faure Romina
Published: July 2018

Este trabajo aborda una problemática abierta en la agenda de investigación de los estudios de diseño (design studies): la búsqueda de modelos metodológicos comunes a diferentes tipos de actividad proyectual, alejados de los modelos metodológicos clásicos que conciben las distintas expresiones del diseño como compartimentos estancos. Se analizan procesos cognitivo-operativos implicados en el diseño, traduciéndolos en redes de decisiones, actores y actantes (concebidos como agencias), tomando como casos de estudio el diseño gráfico y el diseño de indumentaria-textil. Este objeto de estudio se define, en particular, por sus sistemas de relaciones, los objetos que producen, las estrategias que utilizan y las ideas dominantes de cada actividad. La estrategia general de la investigación combina la construcción de un aparato crítico conceptual con un diseño empírico descriptivo utilizando una técnica de observación de prácticas de campo conocida como Análisis de Protocolo de Réplica. Los resultados muestran algunos rasgos preliminares de un modelo metodológico común a diferentes expresiones proyectuales, y el carácter complejo de sus procesos –reticulares– de constitución.

Se aporta una conceptualización metodológica centrada en la idea de “agencia” y “red proyectual” como un entramado de actores, actantes y discursos presentes en los procesos implicados en las diferentes expresiones proyectuales analizadas.
Using Monte Carlo method to estimate the behavior of neural training between balanced and unbalanced data in classification of patterns
Authors: Tasinaffo Paulo Marcelo , Gonçalves Gildárcio Sousa , Cunha Adilson Marques da , Dias Luiz Alberto Vieira
Published: July 2018

This paper proposes to develop a model-based Monte Carlo method for computationally determining the best mean squared error of training for an artificial neural network with feedforward architecture. It is applied for a particular non-linear classification problem of input/output patterns in a computational environment with abundant data. The Monte Carlo method allows computationally checking that balanced data are much better than non-balanced ones for an artificial neural network to learn by means of supervised learning. The major contribution of this investigation is that, the proposed model can be tested by analogy, considering also the fraud detection problem in credit cards, where the amount of training patterns used are high.
Impact of a training program on the performance of graduating Canadian residents on a national urology exam: Results of the last 20 years
Authors: Touma Naji J. , Beiko Darren T. , MacNeily Andrew E. , Leveridge Michael J.
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Many factors impact the performance of graduating residents on certification exams. It is thought that most factors are related to the individual candidate’s ability, motivation, and work ethic. Less understood, however, is whether a training program has any impact on the preparation and performance of its graduates on certification exams. We present 20 years of results of a national preparatory exam that all graduating residents complete about three months before the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) qualifying urology exam. This exam, known colloquially as QUEST, aims to simulate the RCPSC exam with written and oral components. We aimed to analyze the impact of a training program on the performance of its residents.

Methods: A retrospective review of exam results from 1997–2016 was conducted. During that time, 495 candidates from all 12 Canadian urology training programs undertook the exam. The performance of graduating residents from each individual program was grouped together for any given year. The different programs were anonymized, as the aim of this study is to assess the impact of a training program and not to rate the different programs. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA was conducted.

Results: All training programs fall within one standard deviation of the mean for the written component, the oral component, and the overall score. The residents of four training programs had statistically better scores than the overall mean of the written component. The residents of three out of these four training programs also had statistically better scores than the overall mean of the oral component and the overall results of the exam.

Conclusions: Most Canadian training programs prepare their residents adequately for this simulated certification exam in urology. However, there are some training programs that consistently prepare graduating residents to outperform their peers.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Physics Research, Vol. 10, No. 4
Authors: Chen William
Published: July 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Physics Research, Vol. 10, No. 4, 2018
Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics and Trauma: Challenges, Regulation and Ethical Issues
Authors: Zamborsky Radoslav , Kilian Miroslav , Csobonyeiova Maria , Danisovic Lubos
Published: July 2018

The ability of stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into cell types of different lineages forms the basis of regenerative medicine, which focuses on repairing or regenerating damaged or diseased tissues. This has a huge potential to revolutionize medicine. It is anticipated that in future, stem cell therapy will be able to restore function in all major organs. Intensive research has been on-going to bring stem cell therapy from bench to bedside as it holds promise of widespread applications in different areas of medicine. This is also applicable to orthopaedics, where stem cell transplantation could benefit complications like spinal cord injury, critical bone defects, cartilage repair or degenerative disc disorders. Stem cell therapy has a potential to change the field of orthopaedics from surgical replacements and reconstructions to a field of regeneration and prevention. This article summarizes advances in stem cell applications in orthopaedics as well as discussing regulation and ethical issues related to the use of stem cells.
Litigation in Hand and Wrist Related Injuries and Surgery
Authors: Ajwani Sanil H. , Halai Sonal M. , Mohil Randeep S.
Published: July 2018

Background. We aimed to evaluate the burden of successful litigation relating to wrist and hand injuries and surgery.
Material and methods. A retrospective review was conducted using the English national litigation data­base, National Health Service Litigation Authority database.
Results. A total of 325 successful claims were analysed from 2002-2012. The total cost of successful claims was £19.5 million. This comprised £10.9 million in damages, with £8.4 million in legal costs (23% in NHS legal costs, the remainder being claimant costs). The mean cost of settling a claim for wrist and hand injuries respectively was £60,325 (range £200 - £669,471) and £58,926 (range £1000-£ 374,077). The commonest cause of claim for both wrist and hand injuries was poor outcome. The average cost for wrist and hand injury respectively was £52,825 and £63,926.
Conclusions. 1. The complexity of resolving these cases is reflected in the associated legal costs, which represent a significant proportion of payouts. 2. This paper helps improve our understanding of factors instigating successful legal proceedings to aid identification of areas where practice and training can be improved.
Early Clinical Results of Short Same-Segment Posterior Fixation in Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures
Authors: Mehraj Misbah , Malik Farid H.
Published: July 2018

Background. We did a prospective study to study the efficiency of Short Segment Posterior Instrumentation using a Universal Spine System with incorporation of the fractured vertebra in post-traumatic thoracic and lumbar spine fractures.
Material and methods. 25 cases in the age group of I5-50 years with thoracic and lumbar spine fractures were included in the study. The operative decision was made on the basis of instability of spine fractures with or without neurological deficit. Patients were followed up for an average period of twelve months, reporting for assessment at 3-monthly intervals. The final result was analyzed on the basis of neurological recovery as per Frankel’s Grading, spine stability as per kyphotic angle by Cobb’s method, vertebral body height and complications.
Results. Post-operatively at the final follow-up visit, 36% patients had Frankel’s grade E neurological status. The mean sagittal plane kyphosis pre-operatively was 31.16°, which reduced to 21.52° post-operatively, which represents 30.93% reduction. Mean anterior body compression was 38.6°, which decreased to 23.4° post-operatively, corresponding to 15% increase.
Conclusions. 1. Although conventional short segment posterior fixation (SSPF) has become an increasingly popular method of treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures, providing the advantage of incorporating fewer motion segments in the fixation, a review of literature demonstrated that SSPF led to 9-55% incidence of implant failure and long term loss of kyphosis correction. 2. Short segment posterior fixation with pedicle fixation at the level of the fractured vertebra (short same-segment fixation) provides more biomechanical stability than traditional SSPF.
Disgenesia do híbrido em populações naturais de Drosophila melanogaster.
Authors: Klein Chirlei Cintia , Essi Liliana , Golombieski Ronaldo Medeiros , Loreto Élgion Lúcio da Silva
Published: July 2018

Hybrid dysgenesis has been defined as a remarkable syndrome of correlated genetic traits that are produced in some particular crosses between certain strains. The present study main objective was classify recently collected Drosophila melanogaster strains in relation to P element activity and regulatory capacity. Our results to natural populations trapped from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and Colombia shows that it fell on Q class, since all examinated strains has showed P elements by molecular analysis and low P activity. In the same way, these strains shows low susceptibility to P element action. The bigger values found in the colombian population are in agreement with the clinal hypothesis to P element activity.
Anatomia da madeira de três lauráceas da Floresta Estacional de Misiones, Argentina
Authors: Muñiz Graciela Inês Bolzon de , Marchiori José Newton Cardoso
Published: July 2018

The wood anatomy of Nectandra lanceolata Nees et Mart. Ex Nees, Nectandra saligna Nees et Mart. ex Nees and Ocotea puberula Nees are studied in their general and microscopic features. The three species share the most important anatomical features, described in the literature for the Lauraceae family. Nectandra lanceolata may be easily set apart from the other two species by the absence of crystals in its wood. Nectandra saligna, on the other hand, distinguishes itself from Ocotea puberula by the abundance of crystals in the ray structure and by the presence of oil cells, both in axial and ray parenchyma.
Rewilding, "the Hoop," and Settler Apocalypse
Authors: Seraphin Bruno
Published: July 2018

This paper presents an ethnographic account of a grassroots network of mostly white-identified nomads who travel in the northwest United States’ Great Basin and Columbia Plateau regions. Living mostly on National Forest land, this movement of “rewilders” appropriates local Indigenous peoples’ traditional ecological knowledge in order to gather and replant wild foods in a seasonal round that they refer to as the “Sacred Hoop.” I discuss the Hoop network in order to explore the environmental ethics of a group that is at once strikingly unique and also an embodiment of the problems of settler colonialism within the broader environmentalist movement. I begin by introducing the group's ecologies and ethics, and subsequently move into an examination of the multiple and sometimes-contradictory lines of apocalyptic narrative logic at work in Hoopster discourse. I assert that the Hoopsters’ conflicting accounts of the Anthropocene, and the temporality of its disasters, are a manifestation of their ongoing work grappling with their own racial positionality. Despite the Hoopsters’ uncompromising critiques of colonialism, capitalism, and environmental exploitation, they struggle to come to terms with their role in ongoing colonialism and the marginalization of Indigenous peoples. In this way, the Hoopsters echo the troubled narratives at work in broader North American environmental thought, which consistently reveres the idea of Indigenous cultures while failing to enter into solidarity relationships with contemporary Indigenous communities and their efforts toward decolonization.
Cerebellar implementation of movement sequences through feedback
Authors: Khilkevich Andrei , Zambrano Juan , Richards Molly-Marie , Mauk Michael Dean
Published: July 2018

Most movements are not unitary, but are comprised of sequences. Although patients with cerebellar pathology display severe deficits in the execution and learning of sequences (Doyon et al., 1997; Shin and Ivry, 2003), most of our understanding of cerebellar mechanisms has come from analyses of single component movements. Eyelid conditioning is a cerebellar-mediated behavior that provides the ability to control and restrict inputs to the cerebellum through stimulation of mossy fibers. We utilized this advantage to test directly how the cerebellum can learn a sequence of inter-connected movement components in rabbits. We show that the feedback signals from one component are sufficient to serve as a cue for the next component in the sequence. In vivo recordings from Purkinje cells demonstrated that all components of the sequence were encoded similarly by cerebellar cortex. These results provide a simple yet general framework for how the cerebellum can use simple associate learning processes to chain together a sequence of appropriately timed responses.
Identification of exosome-like nanoparticle-derived microRNAs from 11 edible fruits and vegetables
Authors: Xiao Juan , Feng Siyuan , Wang Xun , Long Keren , Luo Yi , Wang Yuhao , Ma Jideng , Tang Qianzi , Jin Long , Li Xuewei , Li Mingzhou
Published: July 2018

Edible plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (EPDELNs) are novel naturally occurring plant ultrastructures that are structurally similar to exosomes. Many EPDELNs have anti-inflammatory properties. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in mediating physiological and pathological processes in animals and plants. Although miRNAs can be selectively encapsulated in extracellular vesicles, little is known about their expression and function in EPDELNs. In this study, we isolated nanovesicles from 11 edible fruits and vegetables and subjected the corresponding EPDELN small RNA libraries to Illumina sequencing. We identified a total of 418 miRNAs—32 to 127 per species—from the 11 EPDELN samples. Target prediction and functional analyses revealed that highly expressed miRNAs were closely associated with the inflammatory response and cancer-related pathways. The 418 miRNAs could be divided into three classes according to their EPDELN distributions: 26 “frequent” miRNAs (FMs), 39 “moderately present” miRNAs (MPMs), and 353 “rare” miRNAs (RMs). FMs were represented by fewer miRNA species than RMs but had a significantly higher cumulative expression level. Taken together, our in vitro results indicate that miRNAs in EPDELNs have the potential to regulate human mRNA.
A computer-based avatar task designed to assess behavioral inhibition extends to behavioral avoidance but not cognitive avoidance
Authors: Allen M. Todd
Published: July 2018

Avoidance is a common feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as anxiety and depressive disorders. Avoidance can be expressed behaviorally as well as cognitively. Most personality assessments for avoidance involve self-report inventories which are susceptible to biased responding. The avatar task (Myers et al., 2016a) was developed as an objective measure of behavioral inhibition (BI) which is defined as a tendency for avoidance of unfamiliar people and situations. The avatar task has been demonstrated to screen avoidant behaviors related to BI, PTSD, as well as harm avoidance (HA) as measured by the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ). In the current work, the avatar task was tested with cognitive as well as behavioral avoidance as measured by the cognitive-behavioral avoidance scale (CBAS; Ottenbreit & Dobson, 2004). The CBAS includes four subscales which measure behavioral social (BS) avoidance, behavioral non-social (BN) avoidance, cognitive social (CS) avoidance, and cognitive non-social (CN) avoidance. It was hypothesized that avatar scores would be significantly positively related to behavioral, but not cognitive, avoidance. In addition, it was also hypothesized that performance on the avatar task would be more related to social than non-social behavioral avoidance. Participants completed the avatar task, the HA scale of the TPQ and the CBAS. Pearson’s product moment correlations revealed that avatar scores were significantly related to CBAS total scores as well as BS and BN scores, but not CS and CN scores. In addition, BS has a stronger relationship with avatar scores than BN avoidance which fits with the social aspects of the scenarios in the avatar task. A median split of the avatar scores produced a significant difference in scores on the behavioral but not the cognitive subscales. Overall, the current results supported the idea that the avatar task is measuring behavioral avoidance, specifically in social situations, rather than cognitive avoidance. Future work could adapt the avatar task to include scenarios similar to the cognitive items on the CBAS to create an objective measure of cognitive avoidance which may be relevant in measuring avoidance in depression and behavioral avoidance associated with PTSD as well as anxiety disorders.
Co-occurring nematodes and bacteria in submarine canyon sediments
Authors: Rzeznik-Orignac Jadwiga , Puisay Antoine , Derelle Evelyne , Peru Erwan , Le Bris Nadine , Galand Pierre E.
Published: July 2018

In submarine canyon sediments, bacteria and nematodes dominate the benthic biomass and play a key role in nutrient cycling and energy transfer. The diversity of these communities remains, however, poorly studied. This work aims at describing the composition of bacteria and nematode communities in the Lacaze-Duthiers submarine canyon in the north-western Mediterranean Sea. We targeted three sediment depths for two consecutive years and investigated the communities using nuclear markers (18S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes). High throughput sequencing combined to maximal information coefficient (MIC) statistical analysis allowed us to identify, for the first time, at the same small scale, the community structures and the co-occurrence of nematodes and bacteria Operational Taxonomic Units across the sediment cores. The associations detected by MIC revealed marked patterns of co-occurrences between the bacteria and nematodes in the sediment of the canyon and could be linked to the ecological requirements of individual bacteria and nematodes. For the bacterial community,Delta- andGammaproteobacteriasequences were the most abundant, as seen in some canyons earlier, althoughAcidobacteria,ActinobacteriaandPlanctomyceteshave been prevalent in other canyon sediments. The 20 identified nematode genera included bacteria feeders asTerschellingia,Eubostrichus,Geomonhystera,DesmoscolexandLeptolaimus.The present study provides new data on the diversity of bacterial and nematodes communities in the Lacaze-Duthiers canyon and further highlights the importance of small-scale sampling for an accurate vision of deep-sea communities.
Preparation and in vitro release kinetics of ivermectin sustained-release bolus optimized by response surface methodology
Authors: Ruan Xiangchun , Gao Xiuge , Gao Ying , Peng Lin , Ji Hui , Guo Dawei , Jiang Shanxiang
Published: July 2018

Sustained-release formulations of ivermectin (IVM) are useful for controlling parasitic diseases in animals. In this work, an IVM bolus made from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), starch and low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (LS-HPC) was optimized by response surface methodology. The bolus was dissolved in a cup containing 900 mL of dissolution medium at 39.5 °C, under with stirring at 100 rpm. A quadratic model was formulated using analysis of variance according to the dissolution time. The optimized formulation of the bolus contained 8% MCC, 0.5% starch, and 0.25% LS-HPC. The length, width, and height of the prepared IVM bolus were 28.12 ± 0.14, 16.1 ± 0.13, and 13.03 ± 0.05 mm, respectively. The bolus weighed 11.4842 ± 0.1675 g (with a density of 1.95 g/cm3) and contained 458.26 ± 6.68 mg of IVM. It exhibited in vitro sustained-release for over 60 days, with a cumulative amount and percentage of released IVM of 423.72 ± 5.48 mg and 92.52 ± 1.20%, respectively. The Korsmeyer–Peppas model provided the best fit to the dissolution release kinetics, exhibiting anR2value close to 1 and the lowest Akaike Information Criterion among different models. The parametern(0.5180) of the Korsmeyer–Peppas model was between 0.45 and 0.89. It was demonstrated that the release mechanism of the IVM bolus followed a diffusive erosion style.