Keefektifan Beberapa Serbuk Nabati dalam Mengendalikan Hama Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky pada Biji Jagung di Penyimpanan
Authors: Chairunnisa Ridha , Sayuthi Muhammad , Hasnah Hasnah 
Published: December 2024

Abstrak. Sitophilus zeamais Motcshulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) atau disebut juga kumbang bubuk jagung (Corn weevil) merupakan hama utama pada biji jagung di penyimpanan. Buah sirih hutan (Piper aduncum), daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.), daun mimba (Azadirachta indica) dan daun gamal (Gliricidia sepium) berpotensi sebagai insektisida nabati karena mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yang bersifat sebagai repellent, penghambat makan, dan penghambat peletakkan telur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jenis serbuk nabati yang paling efektif dalam mengendalikan hama S. zeamais pada biji jagung di penyimpanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non Faktorial yang terdiri dari 5 taraf perlakuan yaitu kontrol (tanpa perlakuan), serbuk buah sirih hutan, serbuk daun gamal, serbuk daun mimba dan serbuk daun sirsak dengan 6 ulangan, sehingga terdapat 30 unit percobaan. Masing-masing perlakuan menggunakan dosis 10g serbuk nabati/100g biji jagung. Peubah yang diamati meliputi daya repellent serbuk nabati terhadap S. zeamais, mortalitas, lama F1 muncul, jumlah F1 muncul, persentase susut berat biji jagung, persentase penghambatan daya reproduksi F1, dan sex ratio S. zeamais. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi beberapa serbuk nabati berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap daya repellent serbuk nabati terhadap imago S. zeamais, namun berpengaruh nyata terhadap mortalitas imago S. zeamais, lama F1 S. zeamais muncul, jumlah F1 S. zeamais yang muncul, persentase penghambatan daya reproduksi F1, persentase susut berat biji jagung dan sex ratio imago S. zeamais. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat dikatakan bahwa serbuk buah sirih hutan paling efektif untuk mengendalikan S. zeamais pada biji jagung di penyimpanan dengan 10g serbuk nabati/1L wadah penyimpanan. Abstract. Sitophilus zeamais Motcshulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), also known as corn weevil, is a major pest of maize grain in storage. Forest betel fruit (Piper aduncum), soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.), neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) and gamal leaves (Gliricidia sepium) have the potential as plant insecticides because they contain secondary metabolite compounds that are repellent, feeding inhibitors, and egg laying inhibitors. This study aims to obtain the most effective type of plant powder in controlling S. zeamais pests on corn seed in storage. This study used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatment levels, namely control (no treatment), forest betel fruit powder, gamal leaf powder, neem leaf powder and soursop leaf powder with 6 replications, so there were 30 experimental units. Each treatment used a dose of 10g plant powder/100g corn seed. The observed variables included repellent power of plant powders against S. zeamais, mortality, length of F1 emergence, number of F1 emergence, percentage of corn seed weight loss, percentage of inhibition of F1 reproductive power, and sex ratio of S. zeamais. The results showed that the application of several plants powders had no significant effect on the repellent power of plant powders against S. zeamais imago, but had a significant effect on the mortality of S. zeamais imago, the length of F1 S. zeamais emerged, the number of F1 S. zeamais that emerged, the percentage of inhibition of F1 reproductive power, the percentage of corn seed weight loss and the sex ratio of  S. zeamais imago. Based on the results of this study, it can be said that forest betel powder is most effective for controlling S. zeamais on corn seed in storage with 10g plant powder/1L storage containers.