bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic analysis of dynamic processes in a centrifugal pump
Authors: Куликов А.А. , Смоляков А.Ф. , Иванова И.В. , Дюкова И.Н.
Published: September 2020

Предложена термодинамическая и математическая модель процессов энер- гообмена в центробежном насосе. Для процесса повышения в насосе давления несжимаемой жидкости получено выражение. Из первого закона термодинамики выведена формула для КПД центробежного насоса. Построена физическая и математическая модель, позволяющие получить уравнение Эйлера для лопастных машин из первого закона термодинамики. Показано, что термодинамическая и математическая модели, примененные для лопастных машин, могут быть использованы для анализа процесса дросселирования.

The proposed thermodynamic and mathematical model of processes of energy exchange in a centrifugal pump. For the process of increasing the pump pressure of an incompressible fluid is obtained the expression. From the first law of thermodynamics the formula for the efficiency of centrifugal pump. A physical and mathematical model that allows to obtain the Euler equation for blade machines from the first law of thermodynamics. It is shown that the thermodynamic and mathematical models applied in kind for blade machines can be used for the analysis of process throttling.
Vibration effect to the operator of feller-skidder in the process of pointing the grapple head on a tree
Authors: Гомон Д.Ю. , Александров В.А.
Published: September 2020

Разработана динамическая модель системы «Оператор – валочно-трелёвочная машина – предмет труда – дерево». Математическое описание составлено в форме уравнения Лагранжа 2-го рода. Система дифференциальных уравнений решена относительно упругой деформации сидения. Апробация модели осуществлена на примере серийно выпускаемой валочно-трелёвочной машины ЛП-17А.
Indole-3-butyric Acid Improves Root System Quality in Guarana Cuttings
Authors: Pinto Karla Gabrielle Dutra , Albertino Sônia Maria Figueiredo , Leite Bruna Nogueira , Pereira Soares Daniel Oscar , Castro Francisco Martins de , Gama Laís Alves da , Clivati Débora , Atroch André Luiz
Published: September 2020

The economic potential of guarana relies on the energetic and medicinal properties of its seeds, which can be used to produce soft drinks, sticks, powder, and syrup. Brazil is the only guarana producer on a commercial scale, and the guarana crop system is the main agricultural activity in Maués, Amazonas. Although several types of technology have been developed to reduce costs and increase guarana productivity, the most important optimization of seedling production by cutting still needs to improve the rooting percentage and reduce mortality rates. However, the use of rooting inducers for guarana is still unestablished. Therefore, we evaluated the rooting potential of herbaceous cuttings from three guarana cultivars under different indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations. We recorded qualitative data from the roots of the cuttings. The IBA doses did not increase the percentage of rooted cuttings; however, they increased the root system quality of the guarana cuttings. We present this rooting method for the guarana plant as the most appropriate and least costly for small producers.
The Role of Mitochondria in Piperine Mediated Cardioprotection in Isoproterenol Induced Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Viswanadha Vijaya Padma , Dhivya Velumani , Somasundaram Bharath , Beeraka Narasimha Murthy , Huang Chih-Yang , Mikhaleva Liudmila M. , Achkasov Evgeny , Bondarev Sergey , Gridin Leonid , Nikolenko Vladimir N. , Aliev Gjumrakch
Published: September 2020

Background:

Several pharmacological therapeutic interventions are being used as therapeutic agents
against myocardial infarction/ischemia (MI) but their usage is constrained by toxicity and nonselective pharmacological
actions. Our preliminary report depicted the cardioprotective effect of piperine against isoproterenol
(ISO)-induced MI.

Aim:

Current study determined the protective efficacy of piperine by modulating mitochondrial function in rat
models of isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial ischemia.

Methods:

The above aim was achieved by analyzing mitochondrial antioxidant status, mitochondrial calcium,
mitochondrial enzyme activity, ATP level, and apoptosis. Ultra-structural alterations in heart tissue were determined
by TEM analysis. RT-PCR studies and Western blotting were executed to determine apoptotic and
proapoptotic gene expression, and apoptotic protein expression, respectively.

Results:

The results elucidate that piperine pre-treatment prevents ISO induced alterations in the mitochondrial
antioxidant status, Krebs cycle as well as mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities (MRCEs). ISO induced
ultrastructural changes of heart mitochondria were significantly reduced in the group that received
piperine pretreatment followed by ISO injection. Piperine maintains mitochondrial calcium homeostasis and inhibits
ISO-induced myocardial apoptosis. A significant increase in the expression levels of proapoptotic genes
such as Bax, caspases (caspase 9, caspase 3), and cytochrome-c with a concomitant decrease in Bcl-2 expression
(anti-apoptotic gene) was observed in ISO injected group compared to the control group. The group that received
the piperine pretreatment followed by ISO administration showed a significant decrease in the expression
profile of proapoptotic genes with a concomitant increase in the anti-apoptotic gene expression than the
ISO injected group. Apoptotic protein expressions including Bax, cytochrome-c, caspase-3, and cleaved PARP
were upregulated & Bcl-2 was downregulated with ISO treatment, whereas piperine pre-treatment prevented these
changes in apoptotic protein expressions during ISO-induced myocardial cell damage.

Conclusion:

Current results demonstrate the efficacy of piperine for attenuating ISO-induced myocardial ischemia
by enhancing mitochondria function. This study described that piperine could be used as a nutritional intervention
against ISO-induced myocardial ischemia.
Designing Short Peptides: A Sisyphean Task?
Authors: Pineda-Castañeda Héctor M. , Insuasty-Cepeda Diego S. , Niño-Ramírez Víctor A. , Curtidor Hernando , Rivera-Monroy Zuly J.
Published: September 2020

Over the last few years, short peptides have become a powerful tool in basic and
applied research, with different uses like diagnostic, antimicrobial peptides, human health
promoters or bioactive peptides, therapeutic treatments, templates for peptidomimetic design,
and peptide-based vaccines. In this endeavor, different approaches and technologies
have been explored, such as bioinformatics, large-scale peptide synthesis, omics sciences,
structure-activity relationship studies, and a biophysical approach, among others, seeking to
obtain the shortest sequence with the best activity. The advantage of short peptides lies in
their stability, ease of production, safety, and low cost. There are many strategies for designing
short peptides with biomedical and industrial applications (targeting the structure, length,
charge, or polarity) or as a starting point for improving their properties (sequence data base,
de novo sequences, templates, or organic scaffolds). In peptide design, it is necessary to keep in mind factors
such as the application (peptidomimetic, immunogen, antimicrobial, bioactive, or protein-protein interaction
inhibitor), the expected target (membrane cell, nucleus, receptor proteins, or immune system), and particular
characteristics (shorter, conformationally constrained, cycled, charged, flexible, polymerized, or pseudopeptides).
This review summarizes the different synthetic approaches and strategies used to design new peptide analogs,
highlighting the achievements, constraints, and advantages of each.
Molecular Signaling Pathways and Essential Metabolic Elements in Bone Remodeling: An Implication of Therapeutic Targets for Bone Diseases
Authors: Sharma Aditi , Sharma Lalit , Goyal Rohit
Published: September 2020

Bone is one of the dynamic tissues in the human body that undergoes continuous remodelling through subsequent actions of bone cells, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts. Several signal transduction pathways are involved in the transition of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts. These primarily include Runx2, ATF4, Wnt signaling and sympathetic signalling. The differentiation of osteoclasts is controlled by M-CSF, RANKL, and costimulatory signalling. It is well known that bone remodelling is regulated through receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand followed by the binding to RANK, which eventually induces the differentiation of osteoclasts. The resorbing osteoclasts secrete TRAP, cathepsin K, MMP-9 and gelatinase to digest the proteinaceous matrix of type I collagen and form a saucer-shaped lacuna along with resorption tunnels in the trabecular bone. Osteoblasts secrete a soluble decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin that prevents the binding of RANK/RANKL and thus moderating osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, bone homeostasis is also regulated by several growth factors, cytokines, calciotropic hormones, parathyroid hormone and sex steroids. The current review presents a correlation of the probable molecular targets underlying the regulation of bone mass and the role of essential metabolic elements in bone remodelling. Targeting these signaling pathways may help design newer therapies for treating bone diseases.
A Review on Classification and Biological Activities of Alkaloids from the Genus Zanthoxylum Species
Authors: Wei Wen-Jun , Chen Xiao-Hui , Guo Tao , Liu Xiao-Qian , Zhao Yi , Wang Li-Li , Lan Jin-Xu , Li Han-Wei , Si Yan-Po , Wang Zhi-Min
Published: September 2020

Many plants in the genus Zanthoxylum, belonging to the Rutaceae family, are used as folk
medicines for the treatment of various diseases, which have gained much attention for their phytochemical
and pharmacological activity investigations. Alkaloids are the largest secondary metabolites
with structurally diverse types found in this genus and they demonstrate a wide range of biological
activities. The aim of this review is to provide a summary on the isolation, classification, and biological
properties of alkaloids from Zanthoxylum species, which also will bring more attention to other
researchers for further biological study on alkaloids for the new drug development.
Withdrawal Notice: LC-UV Method for the Estimation of Drug Release from Carvacrol Loaded Nanobeads optimized by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Talpada Pinal , Tandel Falguni
Published: September 2020

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors and editor of the journal "Current Pharmaceutical Analysis."

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may cause.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Improvement of a Novel Proposal for Antioxidant Treatment Against Brain Damage Occurring in Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Orellana-Urzúa Sofía , Claps Gonzalo , Rodrigo Ramón
Published: September 2020

The underlying mechanism of cerebral injury occurring in patients with acute ischemic
stroke involves a key pathophysiological role of oxidative stress. Thus, reactive oxygen species are
related to the development of brain edema, calcium overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity,
iron release and inflammation. Nevertheless, although experimental studies have tested
the use of antioxidants as an adjuvant therapy in this setting, clinical data and randomized trials are
still lacking. Current approved pharmacological therapy is aimed at reperfusion strategies; however,
the therapeutic window is limited and also challenged by the injury known to result from the
reperfusion. We have recently defined a time-course occurrence of pathological events triggered by
reperfusion-dependent increased reactive oxygen species, thus suggesting the beneficial role of the
pertinent use of antioxidants. The present study was aimed to support the hypothesis that an enhanced
antioxidant neuroprotection could be achieved by the use of two or more antioxidants opportunely
provided to ischemic stroke patients focused against the specific mechanism occurring
throughout the pathophysiological process. From this paradigm, using an underexplored therapeutic
principle, it could be suggested that antioxidant-based therapy is a novel, promising, safe, available
and cost-effective strategy against the deleterious effects of ischemic stroke that needs to be
further studied in clinical protocols.
An Insight into Molecular Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Epileptogenesis
Authors: Singh Shareen , Singh Thakur Gurjeet , Rehni Ashish Kumar
Published: September 2020

Epilepsy is the second most common neurological disease with abnormal neural activity
involving the activation of various intracellular signalling transduction mechanisms. The molecular
and system biology mechanisms responsible for epileptogenesis are not well defined or understood.
Neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and Epigenetic modification elicit epileptogenesis.
The excessive neuronal activities in the brain are associated with neurochemical changes underlying
the deleterious consequences of excitotoxicity. The prolonged repetitive excessive neuronal activities
extended to brain tissue injury by the activation of microglia regulating abnormal neuroglia
remodelling and monocyte infiltration in response to brain lesions inducing axonal sprouting contributing
to neurodegeneration. The alteration of various downstream transduction pathways resulted
in intracellular stress responses associating endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial and lysosomal
dysfunction, activation of nucleases, proteases mediated neuronal death. The recently novel
pharmacological agents modulate various receptors like mTOR, COX-2, TRK, JAK-STAT, epigenetic
modulators and neurosteroids are used for attenuation of epileptogenesis. Whereas the various
molecular changes like the mutation of the cell surface, nuclear receptor and ion channels focusing
on repetitive episodic seizures have been explored by preclinical and clinical studies. Despite
effective pharmacotherapy for epilepsy, the inadequate understanding of precise mechanisms,
drug resistance and therapeutic failure are the current fundamental problems in epilepsy. Therefore,
the novel pharmacological approaches evaluated for efficacy on experimental models of epilepsy
need to be identified and validated. In addition, we need to understand the downstream signalling
pathways of new targets for the treatment of epilepsy. This review emphasizes on the current state
of novel molecular targets as therapeutic approaches and future directions for the management of
epileptogenesis. Novel pharmacological approaches and clinical exploration are essential to make
new frontiers in curing epilepsy.
Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism and the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis in the Azeri Population of Iran
Authors: Pourostadi Mahya , Sattarpour Simin , Poor Behroz M. , Asgharzadeh Mohammad , Kafil Hossein S. , Farhoudi Mehdi , Asgharzadeh Vahid , Vegari Ali , Najafi-Ghalelou Nima , Rashedi Jalil
Published: September 2020

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease of the central nervous system (CNS), is
associated with damage to the myelin sheath of neurons. It is demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency
plays an important role in the development of the disease. Binding of vitamin D to its specific
nuclear receptors is a way to exert its function.

Objective:

Possible correlation between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and MS was evaluated in Azeri population of Iran.

Method:

Different genotypes of the Bsml site were determined by using the PCR-RFLP method in
148 MS patients and 220 non-relative healthy controls.

Results:

In MS patients, genotype bb was significantly higher than the healthy controls (p<0.05).
Additionally, most subjects of the MS group had been insufficiently exposed to sunlight before the
age of 15 (p<0.001). Our findings indicated that the red meat intake in MS patients was significantly
higher than the healthy controls (p<0.001). In addition, the healthy controls had appropriate dieting
behaviors in comparison to MS patients (excessive intake of some foods) (p=0.0001).

Conclusions:

In conclusion, genotype BB and sufficient exposure to sunlight before the age of 15
were the protective factors against MS. Although, excessive consumption of red meat and inappropriate
dieting behaviors were predisposing factors to MS disease.
An Iterative Power Regulation Technique in Emergency Cognitive Radio Network Based on Firefly Algorithm
Authors: Chatterjee Swagata Roy , Dhabal Supriya , Chakraborti Swati , Chakraborty Mohuya
Published: September 2020

Background:

Manmade disasters like explosion, toxic wastes, chemical spills etc. have become an imperative
concern for our society. Manmade disasters are not everyday phenomenon. Thus, the allocation of separate resources is not
realistic. The idea is to use existing cellular infrastructure to implement single hop cognitive radio sensor network for
protecting human being from manmade disasters.

Objective:

The main objectives of this paper are as follows: (a) design of an efficient iterative power
regulation algorithm based on the Firefly Algorithm for the proposed network, (b) computation of
sensor nodes’ optimal power for different position of the cellular user from the base station assuming
that cellular user compromises power for its own sensor node, (c) computation of the maximum
number of sensor nodes coupled with single cellular user for different distances from the base station
in worst channel condition, and (d) comparative performance analysis with state-of-the-art algorithms.

Method:

In the presence of explosive and toxic gases, cognitive radio in sensor node establishes a
connection with the nearest base station to send pre-disaster alert signal utilizing cellular user’s resources.
The power is distributed among sensor nodes maintaining the fundamental requirements of
cellular users. Here, an iterative power regulation mechanism is employed for distributing the power
between sensor node and cellular user to achieve reliable utility of the network. The fitness function
is designed under the constraints of interference and the designed algorithm is implemented in
MATLAB platform towards the search of optimal power of sensor nodes by maximizing the fitness
function.

Results:

Comparative performance analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm
in terms of speed of convergence, the position of mobile phone user from the base station, number of
coupled sensor nodes with single cellular user, and Jain’s fairness factor.

Conclusion:

The proposed network controls the occurrence of manmade disasters and achieves reliable
transmission of emergency information prior to disaster without disrupting cellular phone users.
Simulation results validate that the proposed IPRFA algorithm outperforms with respect to state-ofthe-
art methods in terms of sharing power and Jain’s fairness factor.
Nanotechnology and Animal Health
Authors: Şenel Sevda
Published: September 2020

Nanotechnology has been a rapidly expanding area of research with huge potential in many sectors, including animal healthcare. It promises to revolutionize drug and vaccine delivery, diagnostics, and theranostics, which has become an important tool in personalized medicine by integrating therapeutics and diagnostics. Nanotechnology has also been used successfully in animal nutrition. In this review, the application of nanotechnology in animal health will be reviewed with its pros and cons.
SLS-catalyzed Multi-component One-pot Reactions for the Convenient Synthesis of Spiro[indoline-3,4’-pyrano [2,3-c]pyrazole] Derivatives
Authors: Dhakar Archana , Rajput Archana , Khanum Ghazala , Agarwal Dau D.
Published: September 2020

Background and Objective:

Spiro[indoline-3,4′-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole] derivatives are
an important heterocyclic compounds. These compounds shows wide range of biological properties
and exhibits varied pharmaceutical applications. Pyranopyrazoles, which are basically fused heterocyclic
compounds and act as vasodilators, hypertensive, hypoglycaemic and anticancer agents.

Methods:

An efficient and micelle-promoted surfactant catalyzed synthesis of spiro[indoline-
3,4′-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole] derivatives have been achieved via one-pot four-component reaction
of hydrazine hydrate (phenyl hydrazine), ethyl acetoacetate, malononitrile (ethyl cyanoacetate)
and isatin under thermal conditions (at 60°C) in water as a solvent.

Results:

Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) used has been found to be an efficient and green catalyst. The compounds reported
during this work were obtained in excellent yield, in a short duration of time and ease of work up. They were purified by
recrystalization from ethanol, and also the synthesized compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques.

Conclusion:

The method offers several advantages such as safe, cost-effective and catalyst easily recovered and reused
for a minimum of five cycles, that confirms its good stability. Short reaction times, high yield and usage of eco-friendly
catalyst and solvent are the key features of this methodology.
Reformatie van de rentmeester. Een voorstel tot integratie van de zorg voor de schepping in gereformeerde theologie
Authors: Van Reenen M.
Published: September 2020

Christians throughout the world feel the need to answer the questions arising from the climate debate. Orthodox-reformed theology in the Netherlands, however, pays these matters comparatively little attention. Three possible causes of this problem are: stewardship as discussed under the heading of creation; a certain slowness in consideration; and the suggestion that the Ten Commandments do not bear directly on this theme. This essay proposes a more integrated position. First, stewardship of the creation should be more closely linked to the image of God. Second, the Ten Commandments has the creation in view more often than assumed: ‘creation’ is also ‘your neighbour’. Third, in considering creation care as part of God’s ‘normal’ obligations towards us, the threefold function of the law must not be diminished.
Evaluation of prediction score of contrast-induced nephropathy in inpatients undergone to digital or CT angiography
Authors: Jesus-Silva Seleno Glauber de , Chaves Ana Elisa , Maciel Caio Augusto Alves , Scotini Edson Eziel Ferreira , Mesquita Pablo Girardelli Mendonça , De Moraes Silva Melissa Andreia , Cardoso Rodolfo Souza
Published: September 2020

Objectives: To assess the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and determine the Mehran Score's (MS) ability to predict CIN in patients undergoing digital angiography or computed tomography angiography. Methods: 252 medical records of inpatients who underwent DA or CTA over 28 months in a quaternary hospital were reviewed. CIN was defined as serum creatinine> 0.5 mg / dL or > 25% increase in baseline creatinine, 48 h after administration of iodinated contrast. The ROC curve and the area under the curve (AUC) were used as a score test. Results: The majority (159; 63.1%) were male, and the average age was 60.4 years. Anemia, diabetes mellitus, and age > 75 years were the most prevalent factors. The incidence of CIN was 17.8% (n = 45). There was a decrease in the mean values ​​of creatinine pre and post among patients who did not suffer CIN (1.38 ± 1.22 vs 1.19 ± 0.89; t = 3.433; p = 0.0007), while among patients who suffering CIN, the mean increase was 1.03 mg / dL (1.43 ± 1.48 vs 2.46 ± 2.35 mg / dL; t = 5.44; p = 0.117). The ROC curve analysis identified a low correlation between MS and the occurrence of CIN (AUC = 0.506). Conclusion: The incidence of CIN in hospitalized patients undergoing angiography or computed tomography angiography was high. The EM did not allow the prediction of NIC.
Оптические и структурные свойства твердых растворов HgCdTe с большим содержанием CdTe
Authors: Мынбаев К.Д. , Баженов Н.Л. , Смирнов А.М. , Михайлов Н.Н. , Ремесник В.Г. , Якушев М.В.
Published: September 2020

This work presents the results of studying the optical transmission, photoconductivity, photoluminescence, and X-ray diffraction of HgCdTe solid solution samples with a high (molar fraction 0.7–0.8) CdTe content, grown by molecular beam (MBE) and liquid-phase (LPE) epitaxy. It was shown that the studied material had a significant degree of disordering of the solid solution, which was greater in structures grown by MBE on GaAs substrates than in films grown by LPE. Photoluminescence studies have revealed states in the band gap, which were previously considered not typical of HgCdTe films grown on GaAs substrates, but only of films grown on Si. On the whole, the high quality of the material with a high CdTe content, grown by MBE and used to create the currently widely demanded HgTe / HgCdTe nanostructures, was confirmed.
Конечно-элементное моделирование одноосного растяжения образцов из функционально-градиентного материала с использованием мультилинейной модели пластичности
Authors: Суфияров В.Ш. , Орлов А.В. , Борисов Е.В. , Полозов И.А. , Попович А.А. , Чуковенкова М.О. , Соклаков А.В. , Михалюк Д.С.
Published: September 2020

In this paper, the authors suggested a finite element approach to the simulation of mechanical properties of functionally graded materials (FGM) using a multilinear plastic material model. The approach was used to simulate tensile test experiments on the homogeneous specimens manufactured at two laser power regimes and composite specimens based on the materials considered. We showed a correlation between the simulation results and the experiment. We studied the mechanical effect of geometry and size of inserts in the composite specimens and determined that changing the size and geometry of the inserts can modify the mechanical characteristics of the specimen. We found that the multilinear plastic material model provides the highest level of agreement between simulation and experimental results and, unlike the bilinear model, is more comprehensive.
Метод расчета нагрева замкнутых сильноточных электрических контактов импульсными токами
Authors: Павлейно М.А. , Павлейно О.М. , Сафонов М.С.
Published: September 2020

Предложен оригинальный метод численного расчета нагрева сильноточных электрических контактов, находящихся в замкнутом состоянии, импульсными токами, длительность которых сравнима с периодом тока промышленной частоты. Такие режимы характерны для токоведущих систем высоковольтных электрических аппаратов при коммутации нагрузок большой мощности, при возникновении аварий в линиях электропередач, при испытаниях аппаратов на стойкость к токам короткого замыкания. При построении решения считаются известными зависимости от времени протекающего тока и напряжения на контактах. Разработана итерационная процедура решения серии термоэлектрических задач, которая путем подбора на каждом временном интервале размера контактных пятен позволяет рассчитать распределение температуры в контактах и проследить за его изменением. Проведено тестирование данного метода путем сопоставления результатов расчета с экспериментальными данными, полученными для цилиндрических медных контактов при их нагреве до плавления импульсным током в широком диапазоне сил контактного нажатия. Токовые воздействия выбраны такими, что плавление происходит за максимально короткое время --- в течение первой четверти периода. Ключевые слова: электрический контакт, импульсный нагрев, численный расчет, расплывание контактного пятна.
Влияние толщины гидрогенизированных углеродных пленок, легированных кремнием и кислородом, на свойства их поверхности
Authors: Гренадёров А.С. , Соловьев А.А. , Оскомов К.В.
Published: September 2020

In this work, 0.5-7 µm thick a-C:H:SiOx films were obtained on silicon and VT6 ti-tanium alloy substrates in plasma of non-self-sustained arc discharge with a hot cathode using a bipolar pulsed substrate bias voltage. The dependence of hardness, internal stress-es, surface morphology, wettability, and the surface potential a-C:H:SiOx films on the thickness was studied. It is shown that increasing the film's thickness enhances the allow-able load on the material and its hardness. The a-C:H:SiOx films had low internal stresses (less than 600 MPa), and the contact angle with water was 75–80°. It is found that an in-crease in the film thickness leads to a rise in the negative surface potential from 50 to 670 mV.
Динамика накопления протопорфирина IX, индуцированного 5-аминолевулиновой кислотой в трех клеточных линиях разного происхождения
Authors: Горбенко Д.А. , Белашов А.В. , Беляева Т.Н. , Корнилова Е.С. , Литвинов И.К. , Семенова И.В. , Васютинский О.С.
Published: September 2020

By applying the confocal fluorescence microscopy, we investigated the dynamics of the synthesis and accumulation of protoporphyrin IX induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in three cell lines: malignant - human epithelial carcinoma HeLa and human lung adenocarcinoma A549 - and fibroblast-like immortalized mouse embryonic 3T3 cells. The accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in cell cultures was evaluated based on the analysis of its fluorescence intensity. The dynamics of changes in fluorescence intensity was studied depending upon the duration of cells incubation with 5-ALA and its concentration.
Artificial Intelligence and Its Effect on Dermatologists’ Accuracy in Dermoscopic Melanoma Image Classification: Web-Based Survey Study
Authors: Maron Roman C , Utikal Jochen S , Hekler Achim , Hauschild Axel , Sattler Elke , Sondermann Wiebke , Haferkamp Sebastian , Schilling Bastian , Heppt Markus V , Jansen Philipp , Reinholz Markus , Franklin Cindy , Schmitt Laurenz , Hartmann Daniela , Krieghoff-Henning Eva , Schmitt Max , Weichenthal Michael , von Kalle Christof , Fröhling Stefan , Brinker Titus J
Published: September 2020

Background

Early detection of melanoma can be lifesaving but this remains a challenge. Recent diagnostic studies have revealed the superiority of artificial intelligence (AI) in classifying dermoscopic images of melanoma and nevi, concluding that these algorithms should assist a dermatologist’s diagnoses.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate whether AI support improves the accuracy and overall diagnostic performance of dermatologists in the dichotomous image–based discrimination between melanoma and nevus.

Methods

Twelve board-certified dermatologists were presented disjoint sets of 100 unique dermoscopic images of melanomas and nevi (total of 1200 unique images), and they had to classify the images based on personal experience alone (part I) and with the support of a trained convolutional neural network (CNN, part II). Additionally, dermatologists were asked to rate their confidence in their final decision for each image.

Results

While the mean specificity of the dermatologists based on personal experience alone remained almost unchanged (70.6% vs 72.4%; P=.54) with AI support, the mean sensitivity and mean accuracy increased significantly (59.4% vs 74.6%; P=.003 and 65.0% vs 73.6%; P=.002, respectively) with AI support. Out of the 10% (10/94; 95% CI 8.4%-11.8%) of cases where dermatologists were correct and AI was incorrect, dermatologists on average changed to the incorrect answer for 39% (4/10; 95% CI 23.2%-55.6%) of cases. When dermatologists were incorrect and AI was correct (25/94, 27%; 95% CI 24.0%-30.1%), dermatologists changed their answers to the correct answer for 46% (11/25; 95% CI 33.1%-58.4%) of cases. Additionally, the dermatologists’ average confidence in their decisions increased when the CNN confirmed their decision and decreased when the CNN disagreed, even when the dermatologists were correct. Reported values are based on the mean of all participants. Whenever absolute values are shown, the denominator and numerator are approximations as every dermatologist ended up rating a varying number of images due to a quality control step.

Conclusions

The findings of our study show that AI support can improve the overall accuracy of the dermatologists in the dichotomous image–based discrimination between melanoma and nevus. This supports the argument for AI-based tools to aid clinicians in skin lesion classification and provides a rationale for studies of such classifiers in real-life settings, wherein clinicians can integrate additional information such as patient age and medical history into their decisions.
Identification of Patient Perceptions That Can Affect the Uptake of Interventions Using Biometric Monitoring Devices: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Perlmutter Alexander , Benchoufi Mehdi , Ravaud Philippe , Tran Viet-Thi
Published: September 2020

Background

Biometric monitoring devices (BMDs) are wearable or environmental trackers and devices with embedded sensors that
can remotely collect high-frequency objective data on patients’ physiological, biological, behavioral, and environmental
contexts (for example, fitness trackers with accelerometer). The real-world effectiveness of interventions using biometric monitoring devices depends on patients’ perceptions of these interventions.

Objective

We aimed to systematically review whether and how recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating interventions using BMDs assessed patients’ perceptions toward the intervention.

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed (MEDLINE) from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018, for RCTs evaluating interventions using BMDs. Two independent investigators extracted the following information: (1) whether the RCT collected information on patient perceptions toward the intervention using BMDs and (2) if so, what precisely was collected, based on items from questionnaires used and/or themes and subthemes identified from qualitative assessments. The two investigators then synthesized their findings in a schema of patient perceptions of interventions using BMDs.

Results

A total of 58 RCTs including 10,071 participants were included in the review (the median number of randomized participants was 60, IQR 37-133). BMDs used in interventions were accelerometers/pedometers (n=35, 60%), electrochemical biosensors (eg, continuous glucose monitoring; n=18, 31%), or ecological momentary assessment devices (eg, carbon monoxide monitors for smoking cessation; n=5, 9%). Overall, 26 (45%) trials collected information on patient perceptions toward the intervention using BMDs and allowed the identification of 76 unique aspects of patient perceptions that could affect the uptake of these interventions (eg, relevance of the information provided, alarm burden, privacy and data handling, impact on health outcomes, independence, interference with daily life). Patient perceptions were unevenly collected in trials. For example, only 5% (n=3) of trials assessed how patients felt about privacy and data handling aspects of the intervention using BMDs.

Conclusions

Our review showed that less than half of RCTs evaluating interventions using BMDs assessed patients’ perceptions toward interventions using BMDs. Trials that did assess perceptions often only assessed a fraction of them. This limits the extrapolation of the results of these RCTs to the real world. We thus provide a comprehensive schema of aspects of patient perceptions that may affect the uptake of interventions using BMDs and which should be considered in future trials.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42018115522; https://tinyurl.com/y5h8fjgx
Smart Indigenous Youth: The Smart Platform Policy Solution for Systems Integration to Address Indigenous Youth Mental Health
Authors: Katapally Tarun Reddy
Published: September 2020

Indigenous youth mental health is an urgent public health issue, which cannot be addressed with a one-size-fits-all approach. The success of health policies in Indigenous communities is dependent on bottom-up, culturally appropriate, and strengths-based prevention strategies. In order to maximize the effectiveness of these strategies, they need to be embedded in replicable and contextually relevant mechanisms such as school curricula across multiple communities. Moreover, to engage youth in the twenty-first century, especially in rural and remote areas, it is imperative to leverage ubiquitous mobile tools that empower Indigenous youth and facilitate novel Two-Eyed Seeing solutions. Smart Indigenous Youth is a 5-year community trial, which aims to improve Indigenous youth mental health by embedding a culturally appropriate digital health initiative into school curricula in rural and remote Indigenous communities in Canada. This policy analysis explores the benefits of such upstream initiatives. More importantly, this article describes evidence-based strategies to overcome barriers to implementation through the integration of citizen science and community-based participatory research action.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Roundtable Berbantuan Media Gambar Seri Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menulis Cerita Pendek Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Agustina Hamelia
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini di laksanakan berdasarkan pada pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan guru di sekolah. Permasalahan yang ditemui masih banyak siswa yang kesulitan dalam menulis, khususnya menulis suatu cerita pendek. Hal ini terbukti dari rendahnya perolehan nilai siswa dalam evaluasi menulis cerita pendek. Penelitian ini merupakan penilitian tindakan kelas ( PTK ) yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe roundtable berbantuan media gambar seri dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menulis cerita pendek pada siswa SD. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VI SDN No. 93/I Lopak Aur yang berjumlah 26 siswa, dimana data yang diambil yaitu berupa data observasi melalui lembar observasi kinerja guru dan aktivitas siswa yang dilakukan pada setiap proses pembelajaran Penilitian ini dilakukan 4 tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan,observasi dan refleksi.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Roundtable berbantuan media gambar seri dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis cerita pendek siswa kelas VI  di SD Negeri 93/I Lopak Aur.
Attitudes toward Mother Tongue and Academic Performance: Evidence from Monolingual Context in the Southern Philippines
Authors: Cahapay Michael B.
Published: September 2020

The influence of language attitude on the academic achievement of young children in the monolingual context has not been explored. Thus, this research ascertained the degree of relationship between attitudes toward the mother tongue and the academic performance of the learners. It entailed correlation research design. The respondents were 20 Grade II pupils in a rural public school considered as monolingual in the southern Philippines. The data gathered were treated using frequency distribution, weighted mean, percentage rate, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. It was found out that there is a significant relationship between attitudes toward the mother tongue and the academic performance of learners. Amid the vast body of diverse researches in the area of language education, the present study weaves pieces of evidence that attitudes of learners toward mother tongue are associated with their academic performance in the context of a monolingual environment. It is suggested that such a conclusion should be further tested in other contexts.
A case of primary hepatic lymphoma and a review of the literature
Authors: Masulovic Dragan , Filipovic Aleksandar , Zakosek Milos , Bulatovic Dusan , Stojadinovic Milica
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Primary hepatic lymphoma (PHL) is a rare disease and represents lymphoproliferative disorder confined to the liver parenchyma. This condition is difficult to distinguish from other liver diseases. Histopathology is essential and confirms the diagnosis. Treatment options for PHL include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or combinations of these modalities. The objective of this this report is to present a case of PHL and to discuss disease features and treatment options in order to facilitate diagnostics and therapy. Case outline. A 72-year-old female was presented with abdominal pain, nausea, weight loss, and fatigue. Computed tomography (CT) revealed hypoattenuating solitary lesion in liver segment VIII. The detected liver lesion showed elevated 2-[fluorine 18] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake on positron emission tomography/CT examination. Extrahepatic disease was not detected. The tumor board opted for surgery, and atypical resection of liver segments VII and VIII was performed. Pathohistological examination of the resected tumor demonstrated liver infiltration with non-Hodgkin?s lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell type. Postoperative recovery was complicated by fluid collections in the right subphrenic space, successfully managed by percutaneous drainage. Subsequently, the patient was treated with chemotherapy and attained a complete remission documented by negative CT findings. Conclusion. PHL can easily be misdiagnosed as another more frequent primary liver tumor due to its non-specific clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging findings, and therefore should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a hepatic lesion.
Editors' Introduction to the Special Section on Cloud Computing and Accounting Information Systems (JISC 2018)
Authors: Schmidt Pamela J. , Gal Graham
Published: September 2020

This introduction provides an overview to this special section and reports on the third Journal of Information Systems Conference (JISC 2018) held March 15 and 16, 2018 in Durham, NC. The conference was jointly sponsored by the AAA Accounting Information Systems (AIS) section and the Association of International Certified Professional Accountants (AICPA). This JIS research will help advance cloud computing research related to the domain of accounting information systems. The conference included seven research papers with related industry discussant feedback, three cloud industry keynote speakers, and three panels of practitioners and researchers to discuss the impact of the emergence and rapid maturing of cloud computing services. This editors' introduction outlines the major research paper topics represented in this special section, briefly introduces each paper, and highlights their main contributions. A comprehensive report on the full JISC 2018 conference is provided in the cloud commentary paper included in this special section.
Predictors of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation efficacy in patients with acute respiratory failure
Authors: Brygin P. A. , Zhuravel S. V. , Troitskiy D. A. , Utkina I. I.
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this article is to describe the problem of predicting the lung function recovery in patients withextracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Data from CESAR and EOLIA clinicaltrials on the efficacy of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndromehave been reviewed and some controversial results discussed. The prognostic PRESERVE and RESP scores developed asprognostic tools on the basis of the results of these studies, are presented, the limitations of their applicability in variousforms of acute respiratory distress syndrome are discussed. We propose to subdivide the predictors of the extracorporealmembrane oxygenation outcome in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome into 4 following groups: 1. Lunginjury severity criteria, including parameters of their lung mechanical and functional properties. 2. Time from acuterespiratory failure onset to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiation, which reflects the rate of pathologicalprocesses in lungs and timing of decision to initiate extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. 3. The etiology of pulmonarydisorders, directly affecting the reversibility of pathological processes in the lungs. 4. The severity of the patient's generalcondition, including the severity of manifestations of multiple organ failure, the degree of decompensation of concomitantchronic diseases, including oncological and associated with immunosuppression. Several diseases are associated with ahigher risk of specific complications, particularly hemorrhagic, during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Penguatan Generasi Cerdas, Kreatif, dan Berkarakter bagi Siswa, Guru, dan Tendik MIM Janti Klaten
Authors: Muhibbin Ahmad , Prasetiyo Wibowo Heru , Saputra Ridwan Cahya , Sari Wiwin Novita , Fatmawati Yuliana Indah , Pramudika Risang Galih , Nashiroh Annisa Laylatun , Hariyanti Hariyanti , Sawitri Nonik Wulan , Saputri Aulia Indah , Yunarta Farizki , Sholihah Husna Imro’atush
Published: September 2020

Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) yang berkualitas sangat dibutuhkan dalam mempersiapkan Generasi Emas 2045. Di mana Generasi Emas 2045 merupakan generasi yang ditunggu bangsa Indonesia. SDM berkualitas dapat diwujudkan melalui dunia pendidikan untuk berupaya mewujudkan generasi cerdas, kreatif, dan berkarakter. Cerdas dan kreati saja tidaklah cukup untuk mewujudkan generasi emas yang berkualitas, diperlukan juga adanya pendidikan karakter. Oleh karena itu, dalam kegiatan KKN-Dik mengacu pada pengupayaan generasi cerdas, kreatif, dan berkarakter melalui program kerja kami. Diharapkan dengan adanya program kerja KKN-Dik dapat membantu sekolah dalam inovasi pembelajaran untuk mempersiapkan Generasi Emas 2045 yang lebih baik.
MANUSKRIP MUSHAF AL-QUR‘AN DAUN LONTAR KOLEKSI KIAI ABDURROCHIM (KAJIAN PEMAKAIAN RASM DAN QIRA`AT)
Authors: Hastuti Qona’ah Dwi , Hasan Moh. Abdul Kholiq
Published: September 2020

Tulisan ini mengkaji manuskrip mushaf Al-Qur‘an  daun lontar koleksi Kiai Abdurrochim dari Tarub, Jawa Tengah. Hanya ada satu naskah yang menjadi obyek kajian. Fokus yang akan dibahas pada penelitian ini adalah bagaimana penggunaan rasm dan qira`at pada naskah koleksi Kiai Abdurrochim tersebut. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa mushaf tersebut dalam penulisan rasm menggunakan kaidah rasm usmani, meskipun ada beberapa kesalahan dalam penulisan namun tidak mempengaruhi tulisan tersebut. Sedangkan pada aspek qira`at mushaf tersebut menggunakan qira`at Imam Ashim riwayat Hafs dalam menyalin teksnya. Meskipun ada beberapa kata dalam lafal-lafal tertentu yang masih merujuk pada qira`at Qalun riwayat Nafi’.This research is analyzing  the manuscript of Al-Qur‘an  on palm leaf collected by Kiai Abdurrochim from Tarub, Central Java. There is only one text being the object of the study. It is focused on how to use rasm and qira`at in the manuscript collected by Kiai Abdurrochim. The researchers found that the manuscript used usmani rasm rules in rasm writing, although there were some writing errors but they did not affect the writing. Whereas in the aspect of the qira`at of the manuscripts uses Imam Ashim’s qira`at based on the narration of Hafs in duplicating the text. Even though there are some words in certain pronunciations that still refer to Qalun’s qira`at based on the narration of Nafi’.