bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Two-Fold Coordinated Nitrogen on the Generation of Deep-Level Hole Traps under Negative-Bias Temperature Stressing
Authors: Gu Chenjie , Ang Diing Shenp
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Negative Charge in Plasma Oxidized SiO2 Layers
Authors: Boogaard Arjen , Kovalgin Alexey Y. , Wolters Rob
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Recent Findings in Electrical Behavior of CMOS High-K Dielectric/Metal Gate Stacks
Authors: Ghibaudo Gerard , Coignus Jean , Charbonnier Mathieu , Mitard Jerome , Leroux Charles , Garros Xavier , Clerc Raphael , Reimbold Gilles
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Atomic Layer Deposition of High-k and Nanolaminate Dielectrics for Transparent Thin Film Transistors and Metal/Insulator/Metal Tunnel Diodes
Authors: Conley John F.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Preparation of Hafnium Silicate Thin Film by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Chen Chi-Lin , Leu Ching-Chich
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Physical Mechanisms regarding Why It Is Difficult to Correlate the Leakage Current of Capacitor Structures Involving High-K Dielectric Materials and Defect States Detected Spectroscopically by the Thermally Stimulated Current Technique
Authors: Lau Wai S.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Reliability Properties and Current Conduction Mechanisms of HfO2 MIS Capacitor with Dual Plasma Treatment
Authors: Chang Kow-Ming , Chang Ting-Chia , Chen Shou-Hsien , Deng I-Chung
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
A MIM Diode with Ultra Abrupt Switching Process and High On/Off Current Ratio
Authors: Zhang Lijie , Huang Ru
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Universal Set/Reset Characteristics of Metal-Oxide Resistance Switching Memories
Authors: Ielmini Daniele
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Low-K and Ultralow-K Dielectrics for VLSI Interconnects: State of the Art
Authors: Grill Alfred , Gates Stephen M. , Ryan E.Todd , Nguyen Son
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Defects in Low-κ Dielectrics and Etch Stop Layers for Use as Interlayer Dielectrics
Authors: Bittel Brad C. , Lenahan Patrick M. , Pomorski Thomas , King Sean
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
A Simulation Comparison between Junctionless and Inversion-Mode MuGFETs
Authors: Colinge Jean-Pierre , Kranti Abhinav , Yan Ran , Ferain Isabelle , Dehdashti Akhavan Nima , Razavi Pedram , Lee Chi-Woo , Yu Ran , Colinge Cindy
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Novel SOI Structures and Characterization Issues
Authors: Cristoloveanu Sorin
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
New Features of Dynamic Blade Insertion Method in Bonded Wafer Pairs
Authors: Hu Chen-Ti , Tsai Fu-Yi
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Inkjet-Printing Nanocomposite High-k Dielectrics for OTFT Applications
Authors: Liu Chao-Te , Lee Wen-Hsi , Shih Tsu-Lang , Yan Hsueh-Jen
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Electrical Transport Properties of 3D Vertically Stacked p-MOS SiGe and SiGeC Nanowires
Authors: El Hajj Diab Amer , Saracco Emeline , Ionica Irina , Bonafos Caroline , Damlencourt Jean-François , Cristoloveanu Sorin
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
FISH SOI MOSFET: An Evolution of the Diamond SOI Transistor for Digital ICs Applications
Authors: Alati Daniel M. , Gimenez Salvador P.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
New Capacitorless Dynamic Memory Compatible with SOI and Bulk CMOS
Authors: Rodriguez Noel , Gamiz F. , Cristoloveanu Sorin
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Large-Scale Integration of Nanosystems
Authors: Myers Edward
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Performance of SOI MOSFETs with Ultra-Thin Film and Buried-Oxide
Authors: Ohata Akiko , Bae Young-Ho , Cristoloveanu Sorin , Fenouillet-Beranger Claire , Perreau P. , Faynot O.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
TiN/HfSiON for Analog Applications of nMuGFETs
Authors: Rodrigues Michele , Galeti Milene , Martino Joao A. , Collaert Nadine , Simoen Eddy , Claeys Cor
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Ultra-Thin GaN Membranes Fabricated by Using Surface Charge Lithography
Authors: Tiginyanu Ion , Popa Veaceslav , Stevens-Kalceff Marion A.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Reduction of Parallel Conduction at the Regrowth Interface of GaN Template Using Nitridation
Authors: Wong Yuen-Yee , Chang Edward Yi , Huang Wei-Ching , Trinh Hai-Dang , Yang Tsung-Hsi , Chang Jet-Rung , Ku Jui-Tai , Chen Chiang-Yao
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Isolation Trench Etch Process Using Pulsed RF Bias Power in HBr/CF4/O2 Plasma
Authors: Park Inho , Kang Yung Seung , Jeong SangSup , Nam Seok Woo
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Interfacial Characterization of Plasma Treated Cu Surfaces Related to Advanced Cu Interconnects
Authors: Yu Kyle , S.M. Pilllai Karthikeyan , Chyan Oliver , Singh Kanwal
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Plasma Health Care - Aims, Constraints, and Progress
Authors: Morfill Gregor E. , Zimmerman J. L.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
General Feature Profile Simulator FPS-3D
Authors: Moroz Paul
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Hydrophobic Properties of PTFE Films Prepared by PVD and CVD Process for Anti-Pollution Coating in Optoelectronics
Authors: Kim Dongyoung , Bae Kang , Seo Sung-Bo , Sohn Sunyoung , Kim Hwa-Min , Hong Jae-Suk
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Doped TiO2 Nanotubes for Direct Water Splitting
Authors: Schmuki Patrik , Yang M. , Das C. , Lee K.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Electrochemical Synthesis under Hydrothermal Conditions: A Promising One-Step Synthesis Route for LiCoO2 Thin Films for Microbatteries Applications
Authors: Porthault Hélène , Le Cras Frédéric , Baddour-Hadjean Rita , Franger Sylvain
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Cu2O and Fe2O3 Modified TiO2 Nanotubes for Photoelectrochemical Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Tsui Lok-kun , Wu Lingling , Swami Nathan , Zangari G.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Deposition of Metal, Alloy and Semiconductor Thin Films Using Bipolar Electrochemistry
Authors: Shannon Curtis , Ramakrishnan Sridevi , Ramaswamy Rajakumari , Ndzesse Sanghapi
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Electrodeposition of Molybdenum from Choline Chloride Based Binary Mixture
Authors: Abbas Qamar , Binder Leo
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Non-Line-of-Sight Electrodeposition of Ultrathin, Conformal Polymeric Separators within Ultraporous Carbon Nanofoam Papers
Authors: Long Jeffrey W. , Sassin Megan , Wallace Jean Marie , Rolison Debra R.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Characteristics of Brush Electrodeposited ZnSxSe1-x Films
Authors: Dhanemozhi Clara , John Rita , Murali K. R.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Electrochemical Preparation and Characterization of Cupric Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Dhanasekaran Vickraman , Mahalingam Thaiyan , Chandramohan Rathinam , Chu Jinn Peter
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Microstructural and Optical Properties of Electrodeposited CdSnSe Thin Films
Authors: Mahalingam Thaiyan , Dhanasekaran Vickraman , Chu Jinn Peter , Taekyu Taekyu , Kim Yong Deak
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Optimal Investigation of Electroless Platinum Counter Electrodes for Use in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Lin Yi-Ting , Lin Jeng-Yu
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Pulse Plated SnSe Films and their Properties
Authors: Murali K. R. , Ananthi K. , Muthukumarasamy N. , Thilagavathy K. , Dhanapandiyan S.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Peculiarities of the Initial Stage of Zinc Electrocrystallization on the Copper Electrode from a Zincate Electrolyte
Authors: Kryshtop Iurii , Yurchenko Natalya , Trofimenko Vitaly
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Study of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Ni/Co3O4 Composite Electrode in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Mirkova Lidia , Pashova Veselina P. , Monev Milko
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Ni/Re-Co as Electrocatalytic Material for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Pashova Veselina P. , Mirkova Lidia , Monev Milko
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Oxygen Reduction Kinetics on Electrodeposited Pt-Ni and Pt-Cu Thin Alloy Film
Authors: Liu Yihua , Moffat Thomas P.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
In situ STM Imaging of 3-Mercaptopropanesulfonate Adsorbed on Pt(111) Electrode and Its Effect on the Electrodeposition of Copper
Authors: Yau Shuehlin , Tu HsingLing , Yen PoYu , Dow Wei-Ping
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Wet Processes for Filling through Silicon Vias and Butterfly Technology for Filling through Silicon Holes
Authors: Shen Shao-Ping , Dow Wei-Ping , Lu Chun-Wei , Chang Yiu-Hsiang , Chou Chia-Pei , Kubo Motonobu , Kamitamari Tohru , Cheng Eric , Lin Jing-Yuan , Hsu Fu-Chiang
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
The Use of Tetraoctyl Ammonium Bromide in the Growth of Vanadium Dioxide Thin Films and Gold Nanoparticle Composites
Authors: Saeli Manfredi , Piccirillo Clara , Parkin Ivan , Binions Russell
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Effect of Additives on Deposition: Electrochemical and Plating Measurements
Authors: Gewirth Andrew , Hatch Jeremy , Willey Mark
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Electrochemical Copper Deposition at MPS-Modified Au(111) Electrodes in the Presence of Chloride
Authors: Ho Wen-Hsiang , Krug Klaus , Lee Yuh-Lang
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
The Challenge of High-Rate Partial-State-of-Charge Operation of Lead-Acid Batteries
Authors: Moseley Patrick T.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Carbon Corrosion and Oxidation Lessons Learned from Fuel Cells: Relevance to Lead-Carbon Batteries
Authors: Perry Mike L.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Carbon Nanotubes/Graphene Composites Treated By Nitrogen-Plasma and then Covered By Porous Cobalt Oxide through Galvanostatic Electrodeposition As Well As Annealing for Anode Materials of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Lin Chuen-Chang , Wu An-Na , Jiang Shun-Hong
Published: February 2020

Carbon nanotubes/graphene composites are grown on nickel foil without additional catalysts by chemical vapor deposition. Next, to improve the anchoring and uniform dispersing of Co(OH)2 onto carbon nanotubes/graphene composites, the carbon nanotube/graphene composites are modified by radio frequency (RF) nitrogen-plasma. Then porous Co(OH)2 thin films are galvanostatically electrodeposited onto N-doped carbon nanotubes/graphene composites at different currents and time periods. Finally, the porous Co(OH)2 is transform into porous Co3O4 by annealing. The charge specific capacity (1290 mAh g
-1
) reaches a maximum at the galvanostatic electrodeposition condition (current = 1.5 mA and time = 300 s) for the coin cell. Furthermore, the cobalt oxide/N-doped carbon nanotubes/graphene composites possess higher charge (discharge) specific capacity and better electrochemical stability in comparison to the cobalt oxide/carbon nanotubes/graphene composites for the coin cell (full cell: i.e. lithium-ion battery).
Bioguided Isolation and Structure Identification of Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme Inhibitors from Drynariae Rhizome
Authors: Liu Ming-Yang , Zeng Fan , Shen Yue , Wang Yu-Ying , Zhang Ning , Geng Fang
Published: February 2020

Drynariae Rhizome, widely distributed in southern China, was clinically used as a traditional treatment for cognitive disfunction, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of our work was to evaluate the AChE inhibition activities of extracts of Drynariae Rhizome and pure compounds using a bioguided fractionation procedure. The classical approach for screening potential AChE inhibitors was developed by Ellman. However, the background color of compounds or herb extracts remained uncertain and frequently interfered with the detection of the secondary reaction, thereby easily yielding false positive or false negative results. Here, a high-throughput assay monitoring the transformation of iodized choline from iodized acetylcholine catalyzed by AChE was established based on UPLC-MS/MS. The bioguided fractionation of the extract using this method resulted in the isolation of eight AChE inhibitory flavonoids, including naringenin, eriodictyol, kaempferol, luteolin, astragalin, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, naringin, and neoeriocitrin, with the IC50 values of 3.81 ± 0.21 μM, 7.19 ± 0.62 μM, 11.09 ± 1.02 μM, 17.26 ± 0.23 μM, 18.24 ± 2.33 μM, 17.13 ± 1.02 μM, 26.4 ± 1.17 μM, and 22.49 ± 1.25 μM. It is assumed that the identified flavonoids contribute to the AChE inhibition activity of Drynariae Rhizome. These results are in agreement with the traditional uses of Drynariae Rhizome for AD.
Reconstrução teórica do experimento de dois baldes de Galileu
Authors: Bistafa Sylvio Reynaldo
Published: February 2020

As equações de conservação da Mecânica dos Fluidos no regime variável são empregadas na reconstrução teórica de um experimento proposto por Galileu para investigar as forças que agem em uma balança do tipo dois pratos, com contrapeso numa extremidade e dois baldes na outra extremidade, pendentes na mesma vertical, em que o jato de água que emana de um orifício no fundo do balde superior percute o balde inferior. O resultado dessa análise revelou ser incorreto o método de cálculo da força de percussão proposto por Galileu. A análise também revelou ser praticamente nula a resultante das forças atuantes durante o processo, o que tornaria verossímil o relato de Galileu acerca dos principais movimentos da balança, apesar de ele não ter identificado todas as forças atuantes no sistema.
Ciência a preço de garrafada: a transnacionalização de fármacos no pós-segunda guerra (1945-1961)
Authors: Rodrigues Gabriel Kenzo
Published: February 2020

Com o término da Segunda Guerra Mundial, a ciência farmacológica atinge um novo patamar, em decorrência da produção de antibióticos e do desenvolvimento de estruturas de produção de medicamentos em larga escala. Este período inicia um novo modus operandi para o setor farmacêutico, agora, verticalizado e setorizado. Esse modelo vigora até os dias atuais, em proporções claramente mais avultantes.   Ao analisar como este processo teve início nos EUA, e posteriormente se expandiu para o Brasil, busca-se compreender a formação inicial do modelo industrial farmacêutico, que teve no setor de pesquisa e desenvolvimento uma de suas molas propulsoras. Assim, a relação entre desenvolvimento científico, eficiência industrial, transnacionalização e política econômica é o fio condutor da análise.
O controle público da energia elétrica: primórdios no Canadá
Authors: Ricardi Alexandre
Published: February 2020

Nesse artigo abordaremos a disputa em torno da produção e distribuição de eletricidade entre governos locais do Canadá e acionistas e diretores de empresas privadas, aos fins do século 19. Questionava-se se o serviço seria implantado e explorado por um monopólio privado ou por instâncias de governo. A gestão municipal foi resultado do movimento Populismo Cívico, que defendia que as companhias de serviços deveriam ser totalmente públicas e, da consequente criação da Hydro-Electric Power Commission em Ontário, para distribuição de energia em 1906 e geração e venda em 1914. Os eventos ocorridos no Canadá alarmaram contra a nacionalização das utilities os investidores e diretores em Toronto e no Brasil da holding Brazilian Traction, retirando do país a tomada de decisões e a administração dos lucros.
A new species of Combretum sect. Ciliatipetala (Combretaceae) from South Africa

Authors: BOON RICHARD G.C. , JORDAAN MARIE , VAN WYK ABRAHAM E.
Published: February 2020

Combretum eugeneanum, a new species from northeastern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and confined to the Maputaland Centre of Plant Endemism, is described, illustrated, mapped, and compared with southern African members of the genus with which it may be confused. In a narrowly defined genus Combretum, the new species belongs to Combretum sect. Ciliatipetala. In herbaria, it has usually been confused with close relatives C. apiculatum and C. edwardsii, as well as several other more distantly related members of the genus, in particular C. woodii. The new species is also closely related to the recently described C. stylesii. It is readily distinguished as an essentially glabrous woody climber or scrambling shrub needing other vegetation for support, leaf apices rarely apiculate, tertiary veins raised on the adaxial leaf surface, inflorescences few-flowered and subcapitate, upper hypanthium cupuliform, flowers with orange-red centres (discs) and peltate scales comprised of essentially eight radial cells, most of which are subdivided by at least one tangential wall, the resulting outer and inner cell(s) often with at least one additional radial wall. Combretum eugeneanum grows in Sand Forest and associated sandy bushveld, and its range and habitat does not overlap with that of C. edwardsii or C. stylesii, both of which are also very often lianas.
Typification of the names Euphorbia berteroana and Euphorbia bicephala (Euphorbiaceae)

Authors: MUGNAI MICHELE , LAZZARO LORENZO , FOGGI BRUNO , GUGLIELMONE LAURA , VICIANI DANIELE , FERRETTI GIULIO
Published: February 2020

Euphorbia subsection Hypericifoliae (Euphorbiaceae, Malpighiales) comprises 365 species distributed nearly worldwide and includes E. berteroana, a species widespread in Central and South America and mistakenly reported for Italy. This species was described for the first time by Sprengel based on material collected by Bertero. In the present work we provide a discussion of the main typification issues and the typification of the name E. berteroana and its synonym E. bicephala.
Seed morphology of the genus Scrophularia L. (Scrophulariaceae) from Turkey and its taxonomic implications

Authors: ÖZBEK FUNDA , UZUNHİSARCIKLI MEHMET ERKAN , EKİCİ MURAT , GÜNER EBRU DOĞAN , PINAR NUR MÜNEVVER
Published: February 2020

73 taxa of the genus Scrophularia (Scrophulariaceae) from Turkey have been investigated using light stereomicroscope (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to describe their seed morphological characteristics and to evaluate the diagnostic value of these features as a contribution to the genus systematics. The seeds are oblong, ellipsoid, ovoid or obovoid in shape and light or dark brown, blackish-brown to black in colour. The seed length ranges from 0.41 to 2.04 mm and seed width from 0.24 to 1.33 mm. All investigated taxa have bireticulate-alveolate ornamentation with vesicles on the corners of secondary reticulum cells except of S. zuvandica. The alveoli are oblong, orbicular and linear with a size of 7.63–143.1 × 21.62–314.2 µm. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis have been used to determine the contribution of seed morphological characters to the taxa relationships. Numerical analysis has revealed that the seed size and the secondary reticulum properties have significant importance in taxonomy of the genus for distinguishing taxa from each other.
Melanoleuca kashmirensis sp. nov. in subg. Urticocystis from Pakistan

Authors: ULLAH ZIA , KHURSHED RUBAB , KHAN MUHAMMAD BINYAMIN , AHMAD ISRAR , JABEEN SANA , FAISAL MUHAMMAD , AHMAD HABIB , FIAZ MUHAMMAD , KHALID ABDUL NASIR
Published: February 2020

During this investigation, a new species of Melanoleuca subg. Urticocystis with urticiform cheilocystidia is proposed. The identification is based on morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS and 28S sequences. A comparison of the morphological features and molecular phylogenetic data with the taxa of subg. Urticocystis confirms the identity of the species as a new taxon. The detailed descriptions, line drawings and phylogenetic results are given.
New Applications of Self-Control Theory to Computer-Focused Cyber Deviance and Victimization: A Comparison of Cognitive and Behavioral Measures of Self-Control and Test of Peer Cyber Deviance and Gender as Moderators
Authors: Louderback Eric R. , Antonaccio Olena
Published: February 2020

This study tests the effects of behavioral and cognitive measures of self-control on computer-focused cyber deviance and cyber victimization with survey data from 1,036 adult employees. We examine moderating effects of cyber deviant peers and gender in the relationship between self-control, and cyber deviance and victimization. Cognitive and behavioral measures of self-control are negativity associated with cyber deviance, whereas only behavioral self-control predicted reduced cyber victimization. Moderation analyses show that cyber deviant peer associations condition the relationship between self-control, and both cyber deviance and victimization. Gender moderation models reveal no consistent significant effects. The results have implications for the understanding of cognitive predictors of computer-focused cybercrime and victimization, as well as institutional cybercrime prevention policies. Our findings can inform the future integration of self-control and social learning theories in cyberspace.
Prior Sensitivity in Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling for Sparse Factor Loading Structures
Authors: Liang Xinya
Published: February 2020

Bayesian structural equation modeling (BSEM) is a flexible tool for the exploration and estimation of sparse factor loading structures; that is, most cross-loading entries are zero and only a few important cross-loadings are nonzero. The current investigation was focused on the BSEM with small-variance normal distribution priors (BSEM-N) for both variable selection and model estimation. The prior sensitivity in BSEM-N was explored in factor analysis models with sparse loading structures through a simulation study (Study 1) and an empirical example (Study 2). Study 1 examined the prior sensitivity in BSEM-N based on the model fit, population model recovery, true and false positive rates, and parameter estimation. Seven shrinkage priors on cross-loadings and five noninformative/vague priors on other model parameters were examined. Study 2 provided a real data example to illustrate the impact of various priors on model fit and parameter selection and estimation. Results indicated that when the 95% credible intervals of shrinkage priors barely covered the population cross-loading values, it resulted in the best balance between true and false positives. If the goal is to perform variable selection, a sparse cross-loading structure is required, preferably with a minimal number of nontrivial cross-loadings and relatively high primary loading values. To improve parameter estimates, a relatively large prior variance is preferred. When cross-loadings are relatively large, BSEM-N with zero-mean priors is not recommended for the estimation of cross-loadings and factor correlations.
The pathless harbourless spade
Authors: Brodber Erna May
Published: February 2020

Migration studies have generally painted the African Jamaican as the group that migrates, this being supposedly a post-emancipation act undertaken to better one’s self economically. This article maintains that Jamaicans of all ethnicities and races have been involved in migration: it is a part of the culture and from the earliest post Columbian times. The article posits that the true distinction in migration between races and ethnicities inheres in the geographic end product of migration: others travel to reconnect with ancestral lands but the African Jamaican has no such options as yet and travels to spaces perceived as the ancestral preserves of their former enslavers. In their travels they meet other Africans of the diaspora, like them raised on the margins of the society as has been the nature of enslavement in the New World. The article asks the question: what is the outcome of such meetings carrying as they all do the historical experience of marginality in the societies in which they have been enslaved? The article offers no answer but shares the journey to arriving at one.
Ultrasound Backscatter Envelope Statistics Parametric Imaging for Liver Fibrosis Characterization: A Review
Authors: Zhou Zhuhuang , Gao Anna , Zhang Qiyu , Wu Weiwei , Wu Shuicai , Tsui Po-Hsiang
Published: February 2020

Early detection and diagnosis of liver fibrosis is of critical importance. Currently the gold standard for diagnosing liver fibrosis is biopsy. However, liver biopsy is invasive and associated with sampling errors and can lead to complications such as bleeding. Therefore, developing noninvasive imaging techniques for assessing liver fibrosis is of clinical value. Ultrasound has become the first-line tool for the management of chronic liver diseases. However, the commonly used B-mode ultrasound is qualitative and can cause interobserver or intraobserver difference. Ultrasound backscatter envelope statistics parametric imaging is an important group of quantitative ultrasound techniques that have been applied to characterizing different kinds of tissue. However, a state-of-the-art review of ultrasound backscatter envelope statistics parametric imaging for liver fibrosis characterization has not been conducted. In this paper, we focused on the development of ultrasound backscatter envelope statistics parametric imaging techniques for assessing liver fibrosis from 1998 to September 2019. We classified these techniques into six categories: constant false alarm rate, fiber structure extraction technique, acoustic structure quantification, quantile–quantile probability plot, the multi-Rayleigh model, and the Nakagami model. We presented the theoretical background and algorithms for liver fibrosis assessment by ultrasound backscatter envelope statistics parametric imaging. Then, the specific applications of ultrasound backscatter envelope statistics parametric imaging techniques to liver fibrosis evaluation were reviewed and analyzed. Finally, the pros and cons of each technique were discussed, and the future development was suggested.
Postdisaster Decision Framework for Bridge Repair Prioritization to Improve Road Network Resilience
Authors: Merschman Eric , Doustmohammadi Mehrnaz , Salman Abdullahi M. , Anderson Michael
Published: February 2020

Road networks are critical to a community’s ability to recover from a disaster. The ability to move goods and people efficiently is dramatically affected by disruptions to vulnerable components of the network, especially bridges. Widespread damage to bridges after a natural hazard and limited resources available for repair warrant a need to have an efficient framework to restore the network to the predisaster performance level quickly. Previous studies on postdisaster resilience tend to characterize the recovery based on only one or two performance metrics. This study proposes a decision framework to prioritize bridge repair after a disruptive event using a network performance metric developed using three categories of network performance measures: (1) functional measures defined as the change in total travel distance and total travel time, (2) a topological measure that considers the importance of a bridge to network connectivity modeled with reference to the number of shortest paths passing through each bridge, and (3) a social measure defined with reference to access to healthcare facilities and measured by the change in travel time to an emergency facility. The performance metric is then used to determine an optimal bridge repair sequence that maximizes the network performance during the recovery period. The framework is demonstrated using the road network of Mobile, Alabama, assuming four bridges crossing the Dog River are damaged by a natural hazard. The results of the case study show that the proposed framework is effective in guiding the prioritization of bridge repair after a disaster.
Effects of wing pitch kinematics on both aerodynamic and olfactory functions in an upwind surge
Authors: Li Chengyu
Published: February 2020

Flapping wings of insects serve for both generating aerodynamic forces and enhancing olfactory sensitivities when navigating on the odor-rich planet. Despite the extensive investigations of the aerodynamic function of flapping wings, we have limited understanding of how the flapping wings potentially affect the physiological sensitivities during flight. In this paper, direct numerical simulations were used to investigate a fruit fly model in an upwind surging motion. The wing pitch kinematics were prescribed using a hyperbolic function, which can change the wing pitch profile from a sinusoidal function to a step function by adjusting the “C” factor in the hyperbolic function. Both aerodynamic performance and olfactory detections were quantified at various wing pitch kinematics patterns. The effects of flapping wings on the odor transport were visualized using the Lagrangian approach by uniformly releasing passive odor tracers in upstream. The study revealed that the insect had the potential to achieve higher aerodynamic performance by tailoring wing pitch kinematics, but it could reduce the odor mass flux around the antenna. It was suspected that the natural flyers might sacrifice certain aerodynamic potential to enhance their olfactory sensitivity for surviving purposes. In addition, a trap-and-flick mechanism is proposed here during the supination phase in order to enhance the olfactory sensitivity. Similar to the clip-and-fling mechanism for enhancing the force generation during the pronation phase, the newly proposed trap-and-flick mechanism is also due to the wing-wing interaction in flapping flight. These findings could provide important implications for engineering applications of odor-guided flapping flight.
Conceptual framework for scholarly communication guidance by the academic library: The case of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Authors: White Esther , King Lizette
Published: February 2020

This article seeks to give academic librarians insight and guidelines into the provision of an effective scholarly communication guidance to doctoral students. The findings of the study showed that doctoral students had not received much training and guidance on research and scholarly communication practices from their supervisors and academic librarians. The study adopted a case study research design with Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) as the research site and sequential explanatory mixed method approach. A proposed scholarly communication guidance model to be used by the academic library is presented. The model proposes that scholarly communication guidance should be offered to doctoral students immediately they enrol for their programmes, throughout their research process, and finally when the research is completed since they are expected to conduct original research. The model will guide the drafting of policies and the academic library in developing tailor-made channels and contents for scholarly communication guidance to doctoral students. The study has contributed to the body of knowledge on scholarly communication guidance by the academic library to doctoral students as previous studies recorded in the literature pertains mostly to faculty and not to students – particularly doctoral students.
Application of the 2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology systemic lupus erythematosus classification criteria in clinical practice: a single center experience
Authors: Rubio J , Krishfield S , Kyttaris V C
Published: February 2020

Originally developed as research tools, different classification criteria sets for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are also used to diagnose SLE in routine clinical care. The recently developed European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) 2019 criteria set is noted to perform better than previous SLE classification criteria. This study applied the new criteria schema to a tertiary center SLE cohort, ascertained its performance, and identified the clinical characteristics of patients who did not fulfill these criteria. From the 217 patients who were included, 11 (5%) did not meet the new criteria, mainly because of the antinuclear antibody entry criterion, resulting in a diagnostic sensitivity of 94%. Within this group, we found that constitutional and renal manifestations were unusual. Additionally, specific SLE antibodies as well as hypocomplementemia were less likely to be present. We did not observe a statistically significant difference in outcomes between the two groups of patients (fulfilling vs. unfulfilling the new criteria). We conclude that the EULAR/ACR criteria may misclassify a small subset of SLE patients with milder disease. It is important to be cognizant of key clinical and serologic features of these patients and treat them accordingly to prevent further irreversible damage.
The Changing Dynamics and New Developments of China–Pakistan Relations
Authors: Allauddin  , Liu Hongsong , Ahmed Raja Qaiser
Published: February 2020

The China–Pakistan relation has historical underpinning. By establishing diplomatic relations in 1951, each passing decade has witnessed that China–Pakistan relations coalesce into a dependable friendship. This relationship has gone beyond the usual diplomatic and political comfortability transcending to a broad-based framework incorporating economics, trade and defence dimensions. In the given context, this paper is an empirical study aiming to examine the historical process in the gradual culmination of China–Pakistan relations into a broad-based partnership. It further evaluates the present nature of relationship between the two countries and the prospects it holds in the wake of changing world scenario. By primarily focusing on the secondary sources of data and interviewing key people from the decision-making circles, this paper argues that the China–Pakistan relation is deep-rooted in the history and the on-going collaboration between China and Pakistan in defence and economy is the natural evolution of their mutual ties.
Results of Functional Treatment of Epi-Metaphyseal Fractures of the Base of the Fifth Metatarsal
Authors: Baumbach Sebastian F. , Urresti-Gundlach Marcel , Böcker Wolfgang , Vosseller J. Turner , Polzer Hans
Published: February 2020

Background:

Fractures of the fifth metatarsal base (5th MT) are common foot injuries, but their treatment remains a subject of debate. The aim was to assess the midterm outcome of functionally treated epi-metaphyseal fractures (Lawrence and Botte types I and II) of the 5th MT.

Methods:

This study was a longitudinal retrospective database study with prospective follow-up. Included were all patients with an acute, isolated fracture to the 5th MT base (types I and II). All patients were treated functionally: weightbearing as tolerated without immobilization. Fracture types and fracture characteristics (displacement <2 mm/>2 mm, articular involvement, number of fragments) were assessed retrospectively. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) including the visual analog scale for foot and ankle (VAS FA) and the quality-of-life score (QoL) SF-12 were collected prospectively at 2- and 5-year follow-up. Out of 95 patients, 43 patients (45%) were included with a median follow-up of 5.7 (1.5) years.

Results:

For both the VAS FA and SF-12, excellent scores were observed. For 30 patients (77%), longitudinal 2- and 5-year follow-up was available. No significant longitudinal changes could be observed for the VAS FA and SF-12. For both time points, neither fracture type nor characteristics significantly influenced any outcome parameter assessed.

Conclusion:

Functional treatment by full weightbearing and free range of motion led to excellent 5-year results for both type I and II fractures. Neither fracture location nor characteristics had a significant influence on the 5-year PROMs.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, comparative study.
Data Journalism
Authors: Lewis Norman P. , McAdams Mindy , Stalph Florian
Published: February 2020

This syndicate offers four recommendations to help educators adjust curricula to accommodate the rapid integration of data into journalism. First, instruction in numeracy and basic descriptive statistics must be required as either modules in existing courses or as separate offerings. Second, students should be taught to avoid mistakes in interpreting and writing about data in both reporting and visual classes. Third, ethics courses should discuss data as a transparency tool that poses distinctive dilemmas. Fourth, computational thinking, or how to dissect and solve problems like a computer does, can be incorporated into existing classes that teach logic.
Absolute nodal coordinate finite element approach to the two-dimensional liquid sloshing problems
Authors: Pan Kai , Cao Dengqing
Published: February 2020

Two-dimensional large-amplitude liquid sloshing in the rectangular rigid container is numerically simulated through absolute nodal coordinate finite element method, which can describe the large deformation of continuum by using a small number of elements. The incompressible constraint of Newtonian fluid is imposed by the penalty function method. Furthermore, the motion of rigid container is described by absolute nodal coordinate reference node and the liquid kinetic equations are derived in the total Lagrangian formulation, which can easily be combined with the solid nonlinear finite element and the multi-body system algorithms. The free sliding and non-penetrating boundary constraint equations for rectangular tank are derived. To ensure the stability and the conservation of the solution in long time simulations, the system dynamic equations are solved by Bathe integral scheme. Three numerical examples are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, including the free spreading of a square liquid column and the large amplitude sloshing of liquid under rotational and horizontal excitations. A good consistency is obtained by comparing the calculated results with experimental and other numerical results reported in the literature.
Occupational Therapy Practitioners’ Knowledge, Comfort, and Competence Regarding Youth Suicide
Authors: Kirby Anne V. , Terrill Alexandra L. , Schwartz Ariel , Henderson Jarrett , Whitaker Brandi N. , Kramer Jessica
Published: February 2020

Suicide rates for young people are climbing in the United States and worldwide. Increasing rates of youth suicide are of concern to occupational therapy (OT) practitioners in pediatric settings, yet the profession’s role in this area is poorly defined. To understand OT practitioners’ awareness and needs related to youth suicide, we administered a survey including objective (e.g., knowledge of suicide-related facts) and subjective items (open- and close-ended questions) related to youth suicide to 134 OT practitioners working in pediatric settings. Only 5.2% of respondents correctly answered four items about youth suicide facts and only 32% reported they had received suicide-focused education. Just under half (45%) of respondents were able to identify all best practice responses to clinical scenarios related to youth suicide; older practitioner age was the only significant predictor of best practices. OT practitioners in pediatric settings would benefit from youth-focused suicide education and training.
The effect of multiple doses of ubrogepant on the pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive in healthy women: Results of an open-label, single-center, two-period, fixed-sequence study
Authors: Li Chi-Chung , Palcza John , Xu Jialin , Thornton Bob , Ankrom Wendy , Jakate Abhijeet , Marcantonio Eugene E
Published: February 2020

Background:

Ubrogepant is a novel, oral calcitonin gene–related peptide receptor antagonist for acute treatment of migraine. This study evaluated potential drug–drug interactions between ubrogepant and an oral contraceptive containing ethinyl estradiol (EE) and norgestimate (NGM).

Methods:

This open-label, single-center, two-period, fixed-sequence study enrolled healthy, postmenopausal or oophorectomized, adult women. In period 1, participants received a single oral dose of EE 0.035 mg/NGM 0.25 mg (EE-NGM) followed by a 7-day washout. In period 2, participants received oral ubrogepant 50 mg daily on days 1–14; single-dose EE-NGM was coadministered with ubrogepant on day 10. Pharmacokinetic parameters for plasma EE and norelgestromin (NGMN) were compared with and without ubrogepant.

Results:

Twenty-two participants aged 46–66 years were enrolled; 21 completed the study. Geometric mean ratios and 90% confidence intervals for the comparison of EE-NGM + ubrogepant to EE-NGM alone were contained within 0.80 and 1.25 for area under the plasma drug concentration–time curve (AUC) from time zero to infinity (AUC0–∞; 0.96 [0.91, 1.01]) and C max (0.91 [0.82, 1.004]) of NGMN and AUC0–∞ (0.97 [0.93, 1.01]) of EE, but not C max of EE (0.74 [0.69, 0.79]). Median t max of EE was delayed following EE-NGM + ubrogepant (3.0 h) versus EE-NGM alone (median of 1.5 h), whereas median t max of NGMN was unchanged (1.5 h). Geometric mean apparent terminal half-life ( t ½) was similar with and without ubrogepant for EE (23 vs. 21 h) and NGMN (36 h both conditions). All ubrogepant-related adverse events were mild or moderate.

Conclusion:

Ubrogepant did not demonstrate potential for clinically meaningful drug–drug interactions with an EE-NGM oral contraceptive.

Trial registration:

Not applicable (phase 1 trial)
Methodological and theoretical foundations of the study of anticipation in minors convicted without imprisonment
Authors: Pozdnyakov Vyacheslav , Volotkevich Olesya
Published: February 2020

The article presents scientific approaches to the study and interpretation of the anticipitation phenomenon in historiographical and conceptually critical perspectives. The laws and mechanisms of anticipation are considered. Theories are studied that explain the essence of prognostic abilities. Currently, psychological science is trying to find, understand and explain in an accessible way a conceptual solution to the problem that poses the question of the essence of factors, mechanisms, and individual psychological characteristics of a person that affect a person’s behavior in various life situations that determine his future fate, as well as the essence of those arising from this. psychological problems and methods for solving them. Forecasting the results makes the activity self-regulating and helps to adjust the activity in the present. Due to the specifics of the personality and behavioral characteristics of minors, convicted conditionally, it is argued that Because of the lack of development in adolescents anticipation as the ability to represent the possible result of their actions before their implementation and to take into account this in the construction of their behavior, among this category of penitentiary special contingent there is a high rate of recidivism of criminal acts. The importance of implementing a comprehensive psycho-diagnostic approach in the study of the anti-cipipal wealth of the identity of juvenile convicts, as well as the factors and conditions that determine their right-setting behavior, is substantiated.
Features of the personal and professional formation of civil personal in the system of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation and ways of its optimization
Authors: Kozhanov Erzhanat
Published: February 2020

The relevance of the examination is due to the fact that the study of the characteristics of the personal and professional formation of civil employees in the system of the internal affairs of the Russian Federation will solve a number of urgent questions about the methods and possibilities for optimizing professional and personal development, about the psychological mechanisms for increasing labor efficiency. The object of research is the process of personal and professional formation of civil employees in the system of internal affairs of the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is the psychological mechanisms, factors, determinants of the personal and professional formation of civil employees in the system of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation and the possibilities of its optimization.

Research methods: analysis and systematization of scientific and psychological literature on the research topic; general scientific methods of cognition (theoretical analysis, generalization, synthesis); questioning of civil servants of the system of internal affairs of the Russian Federation; statistical methods for processing the obtained data. The respondents were 120 persons, state civil employees (40 persons) and employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Altai Republic (40 persons), as well as students of the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, who were heads of ATS units from various regions of the Russian Federation (40 persons. )

The scientific novelty of the study consists in expanding, supplementing and refining scientific views on the personal and professional formation of civil employees in the system of internal affairs of the Russian Federation and the possibilities for optimizing this process. The practical significance of the results consists in substantiating, firstly, the characteristics of the personal and professional formation of civil employees in the system of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation; secondly, the main directions of optimizing the personal and professional formation of civil servants in the system of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation.
Austriackie katastry gruntowe w zasobach Centralnego Historycznego Archiwum Państwowego Ukrainy we Lwowie
Authors: Nowak Daniel
Published: February 2020

Austrian Land Cadasters in the Possession of Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Lvov

The paper outlines the most important sources for economic history of Galicia (Austrian Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria) that are kept in the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Lvov. The sources comprise tax fassus (statements) of 1772 and Galician cadasters, that is Josephin Metrics, made in 1795-89, and Franciscan Metrics, started in 1819-20, as well as Fixed Galician Cadaster, compiled in mid-19th century. The paper describes the place of storage of the documents in the Lvov Archives, their contests, and the ways they can be utilized. In addition, changes in administrative division of Galicia have been delineated to facilitate the search of the archive.
Biblioteki i księgozbiory prywatne w Mielcu doby zaborów
Authors: Haptaś Krzysztof
Published: February 2020

Libraries and Private Book Collections in the Town of Mielec at the Time of the Partition of Poland: An Outline

Libraries and private book collections in Mielec at the time of the partition of Poland have not been sufficiently traced and researched so far. The best known are the library of the Mielec secondary school (gimnazjum) and the private collection of the Count Oborski family. General remarks, in the scope of a few sentences at best, pertain to other school libraries and private collections. Numerous collections, some that are known by the name, such as the library of the Trinitarian convent, and some that we are not aware of, still await researchers. Currently, all old books (published before 1945) that are kept in the town of Mielec need to be cataloged in order to start the actual efforts to chart the history of the local libraries and private book collections.
Kolekcja Heleny Dąbczańskiej (1863-1956) w Archiwum Państwowym w Przemyślu
Authors: Grin-Piszczek Ewa
Published: February 2020

The Collection of Helena Dąbczańska (1863-1956) in the State Archives in Przemyśl

The State Archives in Przemyśl is in possession of the Collection of Helena Dąbczańska (1863-1956), well-known connoisseur from Lvov who collected books and artifacts. Dąbczańska gave a part of her collection to the Society of Friends of Sciences (Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk) in Przemyśl. After the dissolution of the Society in 1952 a fragment of this donation went to the state archives. The Collection of Helena Dąbczańska comprises mainly ephemera and excerpts from periodicals as well as manuscripts—all dating from 1750-1899. The paper presents the origins and contents of the collection as well as an outline of its development.