bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on The Effect of Learning Motivation in Extracurricular Programs on Learning Transfer and Learning Persistence:Focusing on two-year and four-year college students majoring in hotel and restaurants
Authors:   The Foodservice Management Society Of Korea, Ko Beom-Seok
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aims to examine the effects of participation motivation in extracurricular programs on learning transfer and learning persistence among college students majoring in hotel and food service.
Methods: To test the research hypotheses, this study used SPSS 25.0 for empirical analysis.
Results: According to the findings, among the variables of motivation for participation in extracurricular programs, only the intention to learn positively influenced both learning transfer and the intention to continue participation. In addition, learning transfer was found to have a positive effect on learning persistence. Lastly, among the various types of extracurricular activities, participation rates were the highest in practical training programs (40.9%) and certification programs (38.7%).
Implications: These findings suggest that selective operation and increased participation in extracurricular programs tailored for hotel and food service majors enhance their adaptability to core skills required in the related fields.
Islamic Guidelines for Promoting Religious Tolerance and Countering Intolerance
Authors: Nasrulloh Muhammad , Ermawan Mohamad Zakky Ubaid , Syuhadak Faridatus , Zubair Muhammad Muizzuddin
Published: January 2025

Abstract
 
  This article focuses on two issues. The first issue is the stagnation of the national tolerance score, indicating that intolerant activities continue to affect the nation. Second, the concept of tolerance is ambiguous, making it difficult to implement religious moderation. The discordance of tolerance between theory and practice is shown by these two issues. The research method in this paper utilizes a literature-based study with a conceptual approach and descriptive analysis. The conceptual approach involves examining and defining key ideas and theoretical frameworks relevant to tolerance and religious moderation, clarifying abstract concepts and underlying principles. Descriptive analysis systematically describes and interprets existing data from previous studies and literature on the topic. This research provides a framework for fostering religious tolerance based on Islamic principles, offering practical solutions to address intolerance. The framework emphasizes replacing verbal and physical harassment with supportive and cooperative actions. It also outlines strategies for turning destructive behaviors, such as the demolition of places of worship, into constructive efforts like aiding in their restoration and rebuilding. This framework aims to foster religious moderation and harmony through actionable, normative measures.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Senior Management Support for Shariah Audit Function in Malaysian Islamic Financial Institutions
Authors: Ghani Nur Laili Ab
Published: January 2025

Senior management holds crucial responsibility to ensure Shariah compliance over the daily operations and business activities in Islamic financial institutions (IFIs), at all times. This underscores an urgent need to strengthen the effectiveness of senior management function in managing Shariah non-compliance risks in the business activities of IFIs as mandated by Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) in the Shariah Governance Policy Document (SGPD). Prior studies have demonstrated that various types of IFIs exhibit different levels of Shariah governance practices. However, extensive involvement of the senior management to effectively integrate Shariah compliance across all levels has been adequately examined. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of senior management support for Shariah audit function in Malaysian IFIs. The study employs quantitative methodology to gather the data using survey questionnaire distributed to the Head of Shariah audit in IFIs in Malaysia. Based on the findings, majority IFIs has established effective level of senior management support for the Shariah audit function especially in Islamic banks. However, the senior management support can be enhanced in terms of its function to establish the Shariah compliance culture and to provide adequate human resource for the Shariah audit function. The outcome of this study could enhance effective senior management support to ensure robust management of Shariah non-compliance risks in IFIs. The findings also contribute to further enhance the effectiveness of Shariah governance arrangement in various IFIs and encourage rigorous implementation of the Shariah compliance risk culture at all levels.
The Economic Approach to Safety from Trials
Authors: Ahmed Al-Haddar Ahmed Mohammed , abd rashid Rosmalizawati binti , Ab Aziz Nur Sakiinah Binti , Che Noh Noorsafuan
Published: January 2025

The research aims to highlight the economic approach to safety from trials in light of the Prophetic Sunnah by identifying the meaning of trials and the means of salvation from them. The researcher employed two methodologies: the inductive approach to collect hadiths and track the statements of scholars regarding the economic approach to safety from trials, and the analytical approach to analyze the studied materials. The study concluded that trials lead to plunder, destruction, division of the nation, discord among ranks, distancing from religion, and the permissibility of bloodshed. Among the causes of trials are the love of worldly life, following desires, and ignorance of the true essence of religion. The means of safety from trials are represented in the economic approach that focuses on achieving self-sufficiency, encouraging work and lawful earning, and fostering cooperation and altruism among people during trials. The study recommended raising public awareness about trials and their dangers to nations
Empowering the Solar Shift: The Strategic Role of Retailers and Installers in Advancing Energy Storage Solution
Authors: Jayaraj Nikhil
Published: January 2025

The residential solar landscape in Australia has been significantly influenced by the decarbonization and sustainable development goals complemented by government-regulated incentives and subsidies. The penetration of small-scale solar in Western Australia (WA) is more than 35% as per the data obtained from the Australian government’s Clean Energy Regulator website, listing a postcode-wise installation of small-scale solar. As the solar penetration increased, the phasing-out of incentives from the government and regulations by utilities against high levels of solar penetration into the grid is encouraging the adoption of solar energy storage (SES) devices among residential solar users. Stakeholders such as policy-makers, SES manufacturers, installers, and retailers, and end-users play a major role in enabling this transition. The study recognizes the SES installers and retailers as prominent stakeholder categories in the field of SES since they bridge the gap between a prospective consumer who becomes a prosumer on the adoption of the technology. The study analyzes the role of SES installers and retailers in the adoption of SES devices based on stakeholder theory. Semi-structured interviews were carried out to make a qualitative analysis of the role played by SES installers and retailers and their perspectives on SES adoption. The engagement of SES installers with the technology and direct involvement with the consumers makes them important. The analysis of stakeholder dynamics indicates a lack of integration between SES manufacturers, installers, and retailers, affecting the availability of the product and expertise of SES installers in the SES technology. The policy-makers, who are a high-power stakeholder category, should formulate standard regulations, unifying the installation and maintenance practices. The study underlines SES installers can promote the adoption of SES through integration with other stakeholder categories, gaining expertise, and transferring the knowledge to the consumer for proper maintenance of the product, encouraging re-adoption.
INFORMATION SECURITY THREATS FOR INTEGRATION SYSTEMS
Authors: A. K. Bagdat  , Z. M. Alimzhanova
Published: January 2025

This article considers threats to integration systems, as well as methods of prevention. Threat modeling involves identifying potential threats to a system, assessing the likelihood and impact of each threat, and developing strategies to prevent or mitigate those threats. For integration systems, there are many potential information security threats, including unauthorized access, malware, insider threats, DoS attacks, SQL injection, and data leakage. To ensure the security and integrity of enterprise integration systems, it is crucial for organizations to understand these threats and implement appropriate security controls and monitoring. In addition, it shows the role of regular security assessments, employee training, and the integration of advanced threat detection technologies to actively address emerging threats and enhance overall system resilience. This article highlights the importance of information security threat modeling for integration systems and provides an overview of some of the key threats that organizations should be aware of when implementing and managing these systems.
Keywords: threats, integration threats, sql injection, Biztalk,
DOS attacks.
The course of COVID-19 in Jamaica from outbreak to vaccination
Authors: Chambers Kevoyne H
Published: January 2025

Objective: To describe the incidence of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths in Jamaica and assess the country’s vaccination and prevention efforts.
Methods: This study analyzed the daily number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths in Jamaica from March 2020 to February 2023 and showed how different factors influenced rate of new cases and deaths across the island. It also assessed Jamaica’s vaccination and prevention efforts from April 2021 to February 2023.
Results: In this descriptive ecological study, two variables: the daily number of new confirmed cases and deaths were analyzed to describe the incidence of COVID-19 in Jamaica during the pandemic. Changes in COVID-19 policies by the Jamaican government as well as the characteristics of different COVID-19 variants corresponded to an increased number of new daily COVID-19 cases and deaths among the Jamaican population. Currently, only 29.97% of the Jamaican population has completed the initial COVID-19 vaccination protocol which ranks Jamaica 32 out of 33 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean as of February 10, 2023, when looking at the number of COVID-19 vaccination doses per 100 population.
Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica, the daily number of new confirmed cases and deaths corresponded to changes in COVID-19 policies and the characteristics of different COVID-19 variants. Jamaica needs to implement more strategies to increase the vaccination rate across the country.
Documentation of Wetland Floral Diversity from Three Perennial Lakes in Bramhapuri Town, Dist. Chandrapur Maharashtra, India
Authors: Pramesh A. Dani
Published: January 2025

The present study was conducted to document the floral diversity of three perennial lakes of Bramhapuri town from Chandrapur district, Maharashtra, India for a period of one year from July 2023 to June 2024. During the present investigation total of 48 plant species belonging to 40 genera and 24 families were recorded from the wetland of study sites. Pistia stratiotes L., Spiorodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid., Lemna perpusilla Torr., Marsilea minuta L. Mant. & Ipomoea aquatica Forssk are common floating macrophytes observed during the visit from all 03 study sites. These floating forms make dominance on the water surface and restrict the growth of submerged macrophytes, regarded as pollution tolerant aquatic macrophytes and be used as a biological indicator for eutrophication. The present findings revealed that the quality of the all the three lakes is productive and eutrophic. Conservation of this wetland bodies needs urgent attention to protect its diversity.
Herbal Syrup
Authors: Fardeen Iliyas Multani  , Pratiksha Gosavi
Published: January 2025

Cough refers to a powerful explosive expiration that clears the tracheobronchial tract of fluids and foreign materials. Given the high frequency of cough in both children and adults, the goal of this review paper was to document the plants used to cure and relieve cough in traditional culture and ethnobotany. The issues arising from the use of traditional opioid antitussive medications, such as codeine and codeine-like compounds, to treat cough in a variety of respiratory disorders. Medicinal plants have the potential to provide compounds with strong antitussive efficacy and little side effects. Specification of active compounds responsible for therapeutic action, as well as their measurement in healing medications, are recent advancements in modern phytotherapy, allowing for treatment rationalisation, particularly dose and monitoring of unwanted effects. The purpose of this formulation is to discuss the current state of the plant that is utilised as a source of food, cough-suppressing antitussives and expectorants, as well as their active components.
Comparison of Breast Graded Prognostic Assessment Scores in a Turkish Cohort of Patients with Brain Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: GOKMEN IVO
Published: January 2025

Breast Graded Prognostic Assessment (B-GPA), modified B-GPA (mB-GPA), and updated B-GPA (uB-GPA) are the best-known
prognostic tools used to stratify survival in patients with brain metastatic breast cancer. However, clinically important variables, such
as extracranial disease (ECD) status, was not included in these models. We aimed to evaluate the utility of these three prognostic
tools in a Turkish cohort and investigate the prognostic value of ECD status. Data from breast cancer (BC) patients diagnosed with
brain metastasis (BM) between January 2012 and December 2022 were collected retrospectively. Patients were classified according
to B-GPA, mB-GPA, and uB-GPA scores. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards
model to investigate prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate OS, and the log-rank
test was used to compare survival between scores. B-GPA, mB-GPA, and uB-GPA performances were compared using Harrell’s
concordance index. In our cohort of 199 patients, B-GPA, mB-GPA, and uB-GPA were confirmed to be useful prognostic tools for OS
and showed excellent discrimination between survival curves (p< 0.001). We found that the uB-GPA’s C-index of 0.689 significantly
better predicted OS than the other two tools. ECD status was shown to be an important predictor of OS in univariate and multivariate
analyses (p< 0.001). Including ECD status as a factor in the uB-GPA test increased the C-index to 0.709 (log-rank p< 0.0001). ECD
status provides independent prognostic information beyond the prognostic scores commonly used in BCBM.
Keywords: Breast cancer, Brain metastasis, Survival outcomes, Prognostic index, Updated B-GPA
The Effect of Nivolumab in Pediatric Malignant Tumors: A Single Center Experience with Nine Children
Authors: UNAL EKREM
Published: January 2025

Nivolumab is an inhibitor of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), which enables activated T cells to attack the tumor cells. Although the
utilization of nivolumab in adulthood cancers is more common, experience in childhood has been increasing recently. Herein, pediatric
cases received nivolumab for distinct cancers are presented. The data of nine patients under the age of 18 years who received
nivolumab for various cancers in the Pediatric Oncology clinic between January 2019-December 2022 were obtained. Nivolumab was
administered intravenously at a dose of 3 mg/kg with 30 minutes infusion every two weeks. Patients’ clinical, cancer types, response
to primary treatment, comorbidities, and outcomes of nivolumab were evaluated. Nivolumab was utilized for non-Hodgkin lymphoma,
classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), central nervous system, germ cell and gastrointestinal system cancers. Four out of nine patients
had constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) syndrome and 2/4 patients developed secondary cancers during the
nivolumab. The median dose and duration of nivolumab were 10 doses (4-32 doses) and 6 months (2 to 17 months), respectively. The
median follow-up period was 25 months (2-46 months). Nivolumab achieved progression free survival in immature teratoma, cHL and
T-Lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) with 46 months, 22 months, and 31 months, respectively. Only one patient had severe generalize
edema attributed to nivolumab. We observed that although encouraging outcomes with nivolumab in cHL, immature teratoma and
T-LBL, it failed to prevent glioblastoma progression in children with CMMRD. In summary, nivolumab may be effective in selected
childhood cancers.
Keywords: Cancer, Childhood, Lymphoma, Nivolumab, PD-1
Pandemide Yas Süreci
Authors: ÖZ Fatma , YALÇINKAYA Arzu
Published: January 2025

Pandemi koşulları yaşamın her alanında ani değişimler ve zorluklar yaşattı. Dünyada birçok kişi hayatını ani ve beklenmedik bir şekilde kaybetti. Pandemi koşullarında hastalık, ölüm ve yas deneyimi ise en çok zorlanan durumlardan biri oldu. Sürecin getirdiği karantina, sosyal kısıtlamalar, bulaşma riski ve birtakım kuralların uygulanması yas deneyiminin daha karmaşık hale gelmesine neden oldu. Yas, her zamankinden farklı olarak sosyal destek alınmadan, yalnız bir şekilde ve daha travmatik olarak yaşandı. Ailelerin ölen yakınlarıyla son zamanlarında bir arada olamadığı, yarım kalan işlerini tamamlayamadığı, duygu ve düşüncelerini paylaşamadığı bir yas süreci yaşandı. Kültür içindeki ölüme ait ritüeller, kişinin yasını tamamlamasına yardım eder ancak pandemi sürecindeki kısıtlamalar nedeniyle cenaze merasimleri yapılamadı, yaşanan zorluklar yas süreci deneyimini olumsuz etkiledi ve uzamış yas bozukluğu açısından kişiler riskli hale geldi. Yaşanamayan ve ertelenen bu yas sürecinin, gelecekte birçok psikolojik sorunun da nedeni olabileceği öngörülmektedir. Bu derlemede, normal zamanlarda yaşadığımız yas deneyimi ile pandemi koşulları arasında yaşanan yas deneyimi arasında farklılıklar anlatılmaya çalışılmış ve pandemide yaşanan kayıpların hangi psikososyal sorunları yaşattığı literatür doğrultusunda açıklanmış ve tartışılmıştır. Bu bilgilerin ileride karşılaşılabilecek bu tür durumlara bir ışık tutacağı, ilgili alanlarda görev yapan profesyonellere bir bakış açısı kazandıracağı düşünülmüştür.
Forecasting Inflation Rate Using the ARIMA Model: Zambia’s Perspective from 2023 to 2043
Authors: Zulu Julius , Mwansa Gardner , Changwe Kenny
Published: January 2025

The study sought to forecast Zambia’s inflation rate from 2023 to 2043 using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA). Using the Box–Jenkins modeling method, the study utilized 37 yearly time series data from 1986 to 2022 to forecast the next 20 years by using ARIMA Model. The ARIMA (4, 1, 2) model was used as being the one with the most significant parameters, the least log likelihood, Sigma, and the least Akaike and Bayesian information criteria. The ARIMA (4, 1, 2) model was also used due to its accuracy, mathematical soundness, and flexibility, thanks to the inclusion of AR and MA terms over a regression analysis. The results show that the value of the Zambia’s inflation rate is predicted to rise by 47.27% in 20 years.
Implementation of the Rebranding Stages of Taman Ismail Marzuki Becoming an Urban Theater Using the Race Model
Authors: Nurtanti Nurtanti , Angelita Gloria
Published: January 2025

Change is inevitable, everything on earth will experience changes with time and time that continues to roll forward. The form of change can be in the form of rebranding, repositioning, transformation, shifting, each has different stages and goals. Change has a strong meaning, such as something that must be fixed, rejuvenated, reshaped or a shift occurs due to market demands, nature, culture and business competition, even a crisis, so it needs to be reorganized so that it can be saved. Taman Ismail Marzuki is a center of culture and art located in the middle of Jakarta City which has been established for 42 years. Its existence has become a legendary product in itself that needs to be strengthened in terms of its role and function in addition to having historical value. The movement of change after the Covid pandemic is so rapid that it is no longer in an arithmetic series but a geometric series. The leap in competition, technological advances and the demands of society, especially artists, requires the management of Taman Ismail Marzuki to make a breakthrough in order to answer new challenges. Rebranding is the right choice for the management of Taman Ismail Marzuki to organize and strengthen this historic product towards an urban theater. The rebranding stages are prepared using the RACE model to facilitate and direct its implementation. Rebranding is the main message that Taman Ismail Marzuki management wants to convey to the general public, and it is hoped that the results can provide added value to all levels of society, in addition to other functions to support the beauty of Jakarta’s city infrastructure which is planning to become Jakarta Smart City. This study intends to examine the rebranding stages as well as analyze the implications and benefits of Taman Ismail Marzuki as an urban theater. The researcher uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection methods: in-depth interviews, observations and literature and data processing is carried out by triangulating data sources, in order to obtain accurate data truth.
Examination of the tone of media coverage of Kenya’s 2022 general election
Authors: Torotwa Ezer
Published: January 2025

This study examines the media’s tone of reporting on Kenya’s 2022 presidential election by reviewing the Daily Nation and The Standard during the official campaign, focusing on candidates William Ruto and Raila Odinga. These newspapers were chosen due to their coverage of a diverse range of Kenyan media outlets; Daily Nation is considered centre-right, while The Standard is seen as having apparent political affiliations. Using a quantitative content analysis of 2,207 election-related stories, the study categorised tone as negative, neutral, or positive based on language, headlines, and framing. Raila Odinga received higher neutral coverage (91.5%) compared to William Ruto (88.5%), while Ruto faced greater negativity (9.0% vs 5.0%). Both candidates had low positive coverage, with Ruto 2.5 per cent and Odinga 3.5 per cent. Challenges such as media partisanship and historical biases significantly influenced coverage tone, reflecting the interplay between media ownership and politics. These disparities potentially shaped public perceptions, influenced by the candidates' reputations and campaign strategies. This study focuses on how responsible media coverage and processes play out in democratic processes and the centrality of media in the electoral processes.
Vestibüler Sistem Anatomi ve Fizyolojisi
Authors:   İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Odyoloji Bölümü, Odyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye, Acar Melda
Published: January 2025

Vestibüler sistem, başın maruz kaldığı doğrusal ve açısal hızlanma uyarılarına bağlı olarak üç
boyutta meydana gelen vücut hareketlerinin belirlenmesini sağlamaktadır. Bu sistem, periferal ve santral olmak üzere iki kısımda değerlendirilmektedir. Periferal sistem, çevreden aldığı sensör bilgileri vestibüler çekirdeklere ve serebelluma göndermektedir. Santral sistem ise
bu bilgileri işlemleyerek başın konumunu belirlemektedir. İç kulakta bulunan vestibüler duyu
organlarındaki reseptör hücreler, vestibüler sinir lifleri aracılığıyla göz hareketlerini, postüral
stabilizasyonu ve öz-hareket algısını sağlayan sinir yapılarına sinyaller göndermektedir. Vestibüler bilgilerin propriyoseptif motor, vizüel ve diğer duyusal sinyaller ile entegrasyonu, vestibüler
çekirdeklerde ve vestibüler serebellumda duyusal işlemlemenin erken aşamalarında meydana
gelmektedir
Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Brand Value and the Mediating Role of Reputation, Image and Brand Loyalty: A Case study of three private higher education institutions in Peru
Authors: ERAZO-ORDOÑEZ Yessica , GARCÍA-SALIRROSAS Elizabeth Emperatriz , MACHA-HUAMÁN Roberto
Published: January 2025

In recent years, CSR actions have taken center stage in various organizations, including the higher education sector; the growing demand for sustainable practices on the part of students has led them to include them in their management, knowing that it has an impact on reputation and brand image. The objective of this study is to analyze to what extent CSR influences brand value, taking as mediating variables image, reputation and brand loyalty in private higher education institutions in Peru. The study has a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental design, cross-sectional and explanatory level through a structural equation model. The study sample consisted of 381 students from 3 private universities in the capital of Peru. The results of the theoretical model were accepted because the values of RMSEA= 0.056 and SRMR=0.024 are very close to zero, the CFI =0.974, Chi-square (X^2)= 110 and (df)=50. It was also found that CSR influences brand image (β=0.36), influences brand reputation(β=0.84) and influences brand loyalty (β=0.28).Likewise, reputation, a mediating variable influences brand image(β=0.49), brand loyalty (β=0.58) and brand equity(β=0.30). In addition, brand image influences brand equity (β=0.27) and brand loyalty influences brand equity (β=0.36). It is concluded that well-targeted CSR actions influence brand equity through the variables brand image, brand reputation and brand loyalty.
Cabotegravir (Apretude)
Authors: CDA-AMC
Published: January 2025

Reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.
The assessments inform nonbinding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada’s federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.
This review assesses cabotegravir (Apretude), 30 mg oral tablets and 200 mg/mL (600 mg/3 mL), extended-release injectable suspension.
Indication: For at-risk adults and adolescents aged 12 years and older and weighing at least 35 kg for pre-exposure prophylaxis to reduce the risk of sexually acquired HIV-1 infection.
UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE O ESTUDANTE COM DEFICIÊNCIA NA EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS
Authors: Santos Cassia Fernanda Viana dos , Resende Andreia Santiago , Oliveira Isabel Cristina Solano Guerra de , Silva Karla Danielle Resende da , Coutinho Diógenes José Gusmão
Published: January 2025

O estudo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a diversidade dos estudantes que compõem a modalidade de ensino EJA e como deve acontecer o processo de inclusão dos educandos que possuem algum tipo de deficiência. No desdobramento deste estudo buscou-se compreender a prática pedagógica realizada em sala de aula tendo como base os dispositivos legais que garantem a inserção e a permanência dos estudantes com deficiência na EJA. Após a leitura de alguns artigos, livros e demais fontes de pesquisa foi possível fazer a seleção de alguns autores no intuito de fornecer embasamento teórico a esta pesquisa assim como, serviu de alicerce na discussão de conceitos essenciais no que se refere à Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Conforme, os estudos bibliográficos foi constatado que a EJA é constituída por um público diversificado que apresentam características peculiares, que mesmo com todas as leis que asseguram o atendimento educacional especializado e políticas de educação inclusiva se faz necessário que a escola assim como o docente estejam preparados para que ocorra de forma efetiva a inclusão do estudante com deficiência.
Enhancing Vocabulary Mastery Using Scrabble Game
Authors: Mbere Maria Anastasia , Yumelking Marselus , Balik Lusiana Mariyeta
Published: January 2025

Vocabulary is a collection of words or phrases that are understood in a particular language and used by humans to communicate in everyday life. The researcher saw that the vocabulary ability of Yapenthom 1 Junior High School students was still very minimal, therefore the researcher conducted a study aimed at increasing vocabulary in students. The researcher used the scrabble game method as a teaching tool to improve English vocabulary in students. Scrabble game is a game played by small groups to arrange letters into words so that this game can improve vocabulary in students.  This study used a classroom action research method to collect data conducted in one class. The results of Classroom Action Research in cycle one with an mean score of 61.77%. In cycle two the mean score was 71.59% and in the third cycle with an mean score of 92.95% from the results of this study indicate that the Scrabble game media is suitable for use in learning English. Besides that the scrabble game changes the atmosphere of the class to be more active and greatly helps students in increasing English vocabulary.
Adapting and Validating Cognitive and Learning Style Inventories in Turkey: Insights into Cultural and Educational Influences
Authors: Taçgın Zeynep , Denizli-Polat Adviye Aslı
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the adaptation and validation of Turkey’s Cognitive Style and Learning Style Inventories, highlighting cultural and educational impacts on cognitive and learning styles. By utilising SPSS and the Multidimensional Item Response Theory via R programming, this study assesses these tools among the 185 Turkish participants. A key finding is the prevalence of a split cognitive style among participants, suggesting the Turkish educational system’s influence in fostering a blend of systematic and intuitive thinking rather than distinct cognitive styles. Challenges with specific learning style items (4 and 9) indicate a need for revision to enhance the inventory’s accuracy. This study affirms the utility of cognitive and learning style inventories in identifying learning and cognitive styles, offering insights into educational strategies tailored to diverse learner needs.
Reflection of Gender Inclusivity in the English Language Textbooks of 5th Grade of Primary Education in West Bengal
Authors: Nandi Ankur , Halder Tarini , Das Tapash
Published: January 2025

Textbooks play a pivotal role as agents of social change, shaping the perspectives and values of students from a young age. Through the content presented in textbooks and the experiences within the classroom, students learn to internalize gender socialization, social norms, beliefs, and roles. These educational materials can also contribute to inequality and bias, influencing how students perceive and accept gender dynamics in society. This study examines the reflection of gender inclusivity in the English language textbooks used in Class V of primary education in West Bengal. Five aspects of the textbooks were analyzed to assess gender inclusivity: (i) Male and Female Orientation in Titles, (ii) Male and Female Orientation in the Theme of the Lesson, (iii) Male and Female Nouns, (v) Male and Female orientation in Imagery, (v) Male and Female Generic Construction, and (vi) Gender Assumption within the Textbooks. The research was conducted using a documentary research method followed by a qualitative approach through content analysis. The findings reveal that gender patriarchy and bias are present in English textbooks. Overall, the results indicate that males are more prominently featured in the textbooks, both in images and text, while females are still underrepresented. In conclusion, the reflection of gender exclusivity was found in the English language textbooks used in Class V of primary education in West Bengal. The researcher suggests that these insights could be beneficial for textbook development agencies, authors, and educators in creating a gender-sensitive curriculum and educational materials.
Primary Cutaneous Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of Parotideomasseteric Region: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Gupta Neelam , Myes Deychen , Ahluwalia Sahil , Puri Akanksha
Published: January 2025

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a distinctive salivary gland malignancy and its presentation as a primary cutaneous carcinoma is a very rare occurrence. It presents grossly as an ill-defined mass with firm to hard consistency and can have cystic areas filled with mucin. Microscopically, they are characteristically composed of mucinous, intermediate and squamoid tumour cells forming cystic and solid patterns. Here we present a case of a 79-year-old female who presented with an ulcerative nodular exophytic growth over right parotideomasseteric region. CECT neck revealed it to be a heterogeneously enhancing lesion arising from the skin with the underlying subcutaneous fat, soft tissues and parotid gland to be normal. On histological and immunohistochemical examination, it was diagnosed as primary cutaneous intermediate grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

Keywords: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, cutaneous, rare
Tinjauan Hukum Penjualan Obat Penenang Tanpa Resep Dokter Secara Online
Authors: Mahadma Alfian Luas
Published: January 2025

The development of health offerings that can be done online or online, easy health services, and the globalization of production and distribution in the pharmaceutical sector have led to an increase in global pharmacies online with a percentage of 200%. This is something of positive value if the drug sales business actors are people or entities that have received permits and have met the requirements set by the Law. The illegal distribution of hard drugs can be subject to Article 197 of Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning health with a maximum penalty of 15 years in prison and a fine of Rp 1.5 billion. And can be charged with drug abuse with Article 198 of Law No. 36 of 2009 which is written; Every person who does not have the expertise and authority to carry out pharmaceutical practice as referred to in Article 108 is sentenced to a maximum fine of Rp 100 million. According to articles 197 and 198 of Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health, perpetrators of the crime of selling sedatives online can be subject to a maximum prison sentence of 15 years and a maximum fine of Rp 1,500,000,000.00 (one billion five hundred million rupiah).
Peranan Gegana Korps Brimob Polri Dalam Penanggulangan Aksi Tindak Pidana Terorisme (Studi Kasus pada Gegana Korps Brimob Kota Surakarta)
Authors: Hendrawan Andi , Sumarwoto Sumarwoto
Published: January 2025

Acts of terrorism are extraordinary crimes that cannot be tolerated, regardless of who the perpetrators are and what their motives are. Acts of terror in public spaces are not only about the act, but also about the impact it produces. One of the units in the Indonesian National Police that has an important role in dealing with criminal acts of terrorism is the Mobile Brigade Corps (Brimob), specifically through the Gegana Detachment. The problems studied in this research include: (1) How is the role of Gegana Korps Brimob Polri in countering criminal acts of terrorism? (2) How is the standard operating procedure applied by Gegana Korps Brimob Polri in handling criminal acts of terrorism? This research uses normative and empirical juridical approaches. The resource persons in this research include personnel of Gegana Detachment of Brimob Unit Battalion C Pelopor Surakarta. Data were collected through literature and field studies, then analyzed qualitatively. The results showed: (1) The role of Gegana Brimob Police Corps in countering terrorism includes normative and factual roles. The normative role is carried out in accordance with the provisions in the Police Act, while the factual role is carried out by the Bomb Disposal Unit that handles suspicious objects suspected of being bombs, such as what happened in the Surakarta Police Headquarters area. Taming is carried out by using X-rays or X-Ray until the destruction step of objects suspected of containing explosives at the scene. After being declared safe, the object is taken to Mako Brimob Surakarta to be handed over to Surakarta Police. (2) Standard operating procedures in counterterrorism by Gegana Brimob Police Corps are regulated in the Regulation of the Chief of National Police of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 Year 2010 on Bomb Defusal Handling. This procedure includes preparation, execution, and consolidation stages, by taking into account applicable restrictions and obligations for the safety of oneself, the environment, and the surrounding community.
Suggestions from this research are: (1) It is recommended that the Bomb Disposal Unit of the Gegana Detachment of the Brimob Unit conduct socialization to the regional police regarding the parameters of handling bomb crime scenes. (2) The public is encouraged to support the duties of the Bomb Disposal Unit of the Gegana Detachment of the Brimob Unit by obeying all instructions given by officers when handling bombs, in order to prevent things that can endanger the community around the handling location.
Two Crows Denies It: A History of Controversy in Omaha Sociology
Authors: Barnes R. H.
Published: January 2025

In Two Crows Denies It, R. H. Barnes undertakes an ambitious historical analysis of anthropological scholarship about Omaha kinship systems. His groundbreaking work offers a critique of this established scholarship, including the work of Lévi-Strauss, Dorsey, and Fletcher. In comparing the primary and secondary accounts of Omaha descent, relationship, and naming systems, Barnes reveals the dissonance between the reality of Omaha society and the scholarship that has formed around it. Not only does he put forth a new and more realistic interpretation of Omaha sociology specifically, but in so doing he provides a reinterpretation of an aspect of anthropological theory. This edition includes a new introduction by Raymond J. DeMallie.
Hopi Coyote Tales: Istutuwutsi
Authors: Malotki Ekkehart
Published: January 2025

This volume brings together twenty-one traditional tales recently retold by Hopi narrators. Complete with English translations and original Hopi transcriptions on facing pages and a bilingual glossary. Hopi Coyote Tales is important to an understanding of the Hopi language and folklore.
To nomadic hunters such as the Navajo, who competed with him on the open range, Coyote was by turns a formidable trickster, a demonic witchperson, and a god. As sedentary planters, the Hopis tended to reduce Coyote to the level of a laughable fool. In these tales Coyote is a friendly bumbler whose mistakes teach listeners what tricks to avoid. Time after time he is hurt or killed for failing to understand a situation correctly. The collection is as amusing as animal fables should be, as simply told, and as instructive.

Published as a companion volume to Father Berard Haile's Navajo Coyote Tales, Hopi Coyote Tales is a valuable contribution to cross-cultural studies.
Standing in the Light: A Lakota Way of Seeing
Authors: Young Bear Severt , Theisz R. D.
Published: January 2025

For most of his adult life Severt Young Bear stood in the light—in the center ring at powwows and other gatherings of Lakota people. As founder and, for many years, lead singer of the Porcupine Singers, a traditional singing and drumming group, he also stood, figuratively, in the light of understanding the cherished Lakota heritage.
Young Bear’s own life in Brotherhood Community, Porcupine District of the Pine Ridge Sioux Reservation, is the linchpin of this narrative, which ranges across the landscape of Dakota culture, from the significance of names to the search for modern Lakota identity, from Lakota oral traditions to powwows and giveaways, from child-rearing practices to humor and leadership. “Music is at the center of Lakota life,” says Young Bear; he describes in rich detail the origins and varieties of Lakota song and dance. A descendant of chiefs and of Wounded Knee survivors, he recounts his role in Wounded Knee II 1973 and his association with the AIM Song.

A highly respected musician, teacher, and elder, Severt Young Bear performed with the Porcupine Singers throughout North America, taught at Oglala Lakota College, and served on the Oglala Sioux tribal council. He was music and dance consultant for the films Dances with Wolves and Thunder Heart. This book is the fruit of his long friendship and collaboration with R. D. Theisz, a fellow Porcupine Singer and professor of communications and education at Black Hills State University. Says Theisz, "We're trying to write this book so that Lakota people and our nonIndian friends can find better understanding . . . so that those people waiting in the dark—perhaps we have a little of them in all of us—can approach the light."
Indian Games and Dances with Native Songs: Arranged from American Indian Ceremonies and Sports
Authors: Fletcher Alice
Published: January 2025

One day Alice C. Fletcher realized that "unlike my Indian friends, I was an alien, a stranger in my native land." But while living with the Indians and pursuing her ethnological studies she felt that "the plants, the trees, the clouds and all things had become vocal with human hopes, fears, and supplications." This famous statement comes directly from the preface of this book and was later etched on her tombstone. "I have arranged these dances and games with native songs in order that our young people may recognize, enjoy and share in the spirit of the olden life upon this continent," she wrote.
Indian Games and Dances with Native Songs is a collection that conveys the pleasure and meaning of music and play and rhythmic movement for American Indians. Many of the activities here described are adapted from ceremonials and sports. Included is a "drama in five dances" celebrating the life of corn. "Calling the Flowers" is an appeal to spirits dwelling underground to join the dancers. Still another dramatic dance, with accompanying songs, petitions clouds to leave the sky. The Festival of Joy, an ancient Omaha ceremony, is centered on a sacred tree. In the second part Indian ball games and games of hazard and guessing are set forth, as well as the popular hoop and javelin game. Fletcher closes with a section on Indian names.
Invisible Genealogies: A History of Americanist Anthropology
Authors: Darnell Regna
Published: January 2025

Invisible Genealogies is a landmark reinterpretation of the history of anthropology in North America. During the past two decades, theorizing by many American anthropologists has called for an "experimental moment" grounded in explicit self-reflexive scholarship and experimentation with alternate forms of presentation. Such postmodern anthropology has effectively downplayed connections with past luminaries in the field, whose scholarship is perceived to be uncomfortably colonialist and nonreflexive. Ironically, as the American Anthropological Association nears its one hundredth anniversary and interest in the history of the discipline is at an all-time high, that history has been effectively presented as removed from and irrelevant to the new generation.

Invisible Genealogies offers an alternative, compelling vision of the development of anthropology in North America, one that emphasizes continuity rather than discontinuity from legendary founder Franz Boas to the present. Regna Darnell identifies key interpretive assumptions and practices that have persisted, sometimes in modified form, since the groundbreaking work of A. L. Kroeber, Boas, Ruth Benedict, Edward Sapir, Elsie Clews Parsons, Paul Radin, Benjamin Lee Whorf, and A. Irving Hallowell during the founding decades of anthropology. Also highlighted are the Americanist roots of postmodern anthropology and the work of innovative recent scholars like Claude Lévi-Strauss and Clifford Geertz.
American Indian Nations from Termination to Restoration, 1953-2006
Authors: Ulrich Roberta
Published: January 2025

When the U.S. government ended its relationship with dozens of Native American tribes and bands between 1953 and 1966, it was engaging in a massive social experiment. Congress enacted the program, known as termination, in the name of “freeing” the Indians from government restrictions and improving their quality of life. However, removing the federal status of more than nine dozen tribes across the country plunged many of their nearly 13,000 members into deeper levels of poverty and eroded the tribal people’s sense of Native identity. Beginning in 1973 and extending over a twenty-year period, the terminated tribes, one by one, persuaded Congress to restore their ties to the federal government. Nonetheless, so much damage had been done that even today the restored tribes struggle to overcome the problems created by those terminations a half century ago.

Roberta Ulrich provides a concise overview of all the terminations and restorations of Native American tribes from 1953 to 2006 and explores the enduring policy implications for Native peoples. This is the first book to consider all the terminations and restorations in the twentieth century as part of continuing policy while detailing some of the individual tribal differences. Drawing from Congressional records, interviews with tribal members, and other primary sources, Ulrich delves into the causes and effects of termination and restoration from both sides.
Social Changes in the Youngdong Region of Gangwon-do in the Late Joseon Dynasty Seen through Burial Grounds : Focusing on the Goseong Ayajin-ri Relics
Authors:   The Paek-San Society, Kim Jaehyun , Jo Ikjae , Kim Hansang
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this article is to review on the burial grounds of the Joseon Dynasty that are excavated and surveyed from Ayajin-ri of Goseong-gun in Gangwon-do. In Ayajin-ri, the survey was administered for the 175 burial grounds of the Joseon Dynasty and this endeavor demonstrated a clear difference in terms of location, quantity and degree of concentration when compared to the burial grounds confirmed from existing excavation and survey in the Youngdong region.
Those burial grounds of the Joseon Dynasty surveyed from the relics of Ayajin-ri confirm that, considering the excavated relics, they were established around the 18th century. Therefore, in order to find out the causes of changes in location, quantity and so forth of those burial grounds for the Ayajin-ri relics in the latter Joseon, the change of population was taken a look first, but the population increase was not a determining cause. The Youngdong region of Gangwon where Ayajin-ri situates had intense natural disasters, such as, drought, flood and the like, as related to the 18th century climate change (little ice age), and the fluctuation of population through occurrence and inflow of the stray residents as well as migration of people was made in a very short period of time. When comparing the change of total number of populations before and after natural disaster, the population was declined, but the ratio of migrating people was rather increased compared to the existing residents.
Those migrant people are considered as gathering around Ayajin-ri, a fishery village where it is more advantageous to the natural disaster compared to the agriculture villages as well as avoiding conflicts with the existing residents. In addition, Ayajin-ri was not just a simple fishery village but was an area more suited to economic activities as the hub of logistics that linked the sea and continent through the nearby Cheongganyeok. Accordingly, people who resided in Ayajin-ri during the latter Joseon were able to establish large-scale burial grounds on the basis of their stable economic power, and notwithstanding the fact that there was different economic and personal status within the village, it is highly likely that the classification of tomb sites to build up the tombs was not as restrictive as the villages where the existing residents were main line residents. Therefore, those burial grounds confirmed in the Ayajin-ri relics would be considered as the archaeological data that demonstrated the tendency of social and economic changes in the latter Joseon Period.