bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-Feature Segmentation for High-Resolution Polarimetric SAR Data Based on Fractal Net Evolution Approach
Authors: Chen Qihao , Li Linlin , Xu Qiao , Yang Shuai , Shi Xuguo , Liu Xiuguo
Published: June 2017

Segmentation techniques play an important role in understanding high-resolution polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) images. PolSAR image segmentation is widely used as a preprocessing step for subsequent classification, scene interpretation and extraction of surface parameters. However, speckle noise and rich spatial features of heterogeneous regions lead to blurred boundaries of high-resolution PolSAR image segmentation. A novel segmentation algorithm is proposed in this study in order to address the problem and to obtain accurate and precise segmentation results. This method integrates statistical features into a fractal net evolution algorithm (FNEA) framework, and incorporates polarimetric features into a simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) superpixel generation algorithm. First, spectral heterogeneity in the traditional FNEA is substituted by the G0 distribution statistical heterogeneity in order to combine the shape and statistical features of PolSAR data. The statistical heterogeneity between two adjacent image objects is measured using a log likelihood function. Second, a modified SLIC algorithm is utilized to generate compact superpixels as the initial samples for the G0 statistical model, which substitutes the polarimetric distance of the Pauli RGB composition for the CIELAB color distance. The segmentation results were obtained by weighting the G0 statistical feature and the shape features, based on the FNEA framework. The validity and applicability of the proposed method was verified with extensive experiments on simulated data and three real-world high-resolution PolSAR images from airborne multi-look ESAR, spaceborne single-look RADARSAT-2, and multi-look TerraSAR-X data sets. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method obtains more accurate and precise segmentation results than the other methods for high-resolution PolSAR images.
Improved Short-Term Clock Prediction Method for Real-Time Positioning
Authors: Lv Yifei , Dai Zhiqiang , Zhao Qile , Yang Sheng , Zhou Jinning , Liu Jingnan
Published: June 2017

The application of real-time precise point positioning (PPP) requires real-time precise orbit and clock products that should be predicted within a short time to compensate for the communication delay or data gap. Unlike orbit correction, clock correction is difficult to model and predict. The widely used linear model hardly fits long periodic trends with a small data set and exhibits significant accuracy degradation in real-time prediction when a large data set is used. This study proposes a new prediction model for maintaining short-term satellite clocks to meet the high-precision requirements of real-time clocks and provide clock extrapolation without interrupting the real-time data stream. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) is used to analyze the linear prediction residuals of real-time clocks. The periodic terms obtained through FFT are adopted in the sliding window prediction to achieve a significant improvement in short-term prediction accuracy. This study also analyzes and compares the accuracy of short-term forecasts (less than 3 h) by using different length observations. Experimental results obtained from International GNSS Service (IGS) final products and our own real-time clocks show that the 3-h prediction accuracy is better than 0.85 ns. The new model can replace IGS ultra-rapid products in the application of real-time PPP. It is also found that there is a positive correlation between the prediction accuracy and the short-term stability of on-board clocks. Compared with the accuracy of the traditional linear model, the accuracy of the static PPP using the new model of the 2-h prediction clock in N, E, and U directions is improved by about 50%. Furthermore, the static PPP accuracy of 2-h clock products is better than 0.1 m. When an interruption occurs in the real-time model, the accuracy of the kinematic PPP solution using 1-h clock prediction product is better than 0.2 m, without significant accuracy degradation. This model is of practical significance because it solves the problems of interruption and delay in data broadcast in real-time clock estimation and can meet the requirements of real-time PPP.
Sustainable Consumption Dilemmas
Authors: Vringer Kees , Heijden Eline van der , Soest Daan van , Vollebergh Herman , Dietz Frank
Published: June 2017

To examine which considerations play a role when individuals make decisions to purchase sustainable product varieties or not, we have conducted a large scale field experiment with more than 600 participating households. Households can vote on whether the budgets they receive should only be spent on purchasing the sustainable product variety, or whether every household in a group is free to spend their budget on any product variety. By conducting several treatments, we tested whether people tend to view sustainable consumption as a social dilemma or as a moral dilemma. We find little support for the hypothesis that social dilemma considerations are the key drivers of sustainable consumption behaviour. Participants seem to be caught in a moral dilemma in which they not only weigh their individual financial costs with the sustainable benefits but they also consider the consequences of restricting other people’s freedom of choice. Complementary survey results further substantiate this claim and show that many people are reluctant to impose restrictions on their peers, but, at the same time, our results also suggest substantial support for the government to regulate the availability of unsustainable product varieties.
Land Cover Changes (1963–2010) and Their Environmental Factors in the Upper Danube Floodplain
Authors: Xu Fang , Otte Annette , Ludewig Kristin , Donath Tobias , Harvolk-Schöning Sarah
Published: June 2017

To analyze the changes in the Upper Danube Floodplain, we used aerial photos to quantify the change of landscape pattern from 1963 to 2010. We focused on typical floodplain habitats, i.e., riparian forest and floodplain grassland. We used landscape metrics and transformation matrix to explore changes in land cover structure and composition. The active floodplain experienced increasing fragmentation from 1963 to 2010. Despite an increase of aggregation, riparian forest suffered a 2.3% area loss from 1995 to 2010. Arable land in the active floodplain declined by 28.5%, while its patch size significantly increased. Elevation, distance to river and soil quality were the most relevant environmental factors for the land cover change in the floodplain. Higher soil quality or longer distance to river led to an increase of conversion from grassland into arable land; grassland patches with poorer soil quality were likely to change into riparian forest; riparian forest closer to the river and with a lower height above mean water level tended to remain stable. This comprehensive understanding of historical land cover change and environmental factors is needed for the enhancement of landscape functions and sustainable development in the floodplain.
A Comparative Study of Trade Relations and the Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Geo-Economy between China and Vietnam
Authors: Ma Teng , Liu Yuli , Ge Yuejing
Published: June 2017

With the increasing economic importance of the Asia-Pacific Region, the economic interdependence among countries in the region has gradually enhanced. With the continuous opening up of the two countries, Sino-Vietnamese economic relations have also been deepened. However, the export trade between Vietnam and China has been competitive. China and Vietnam seek to dominate or join an agreement that is conducive to their own trade, which also exacerbates the trade competition between the two countries. This paper compares China and Vietnam and analyzes their foreign trade data from 2005 to 2014. By analyzing the competitiveness of export commodities, the trade division effect and spatio-temporal changes of the geo-economic relationship in the Asia-Pacific Region, this study explores Sino-Vietnamese trade relations and compares the pattern of geo-economic evolution between the two countries. The findings show that China and Vietnam have similarities and substitutability in textiles, apparel and footwear in terms of commodity structure. There is already a trade diversion effect between Vietnam and China on these commodities, but it is not substantial. From a geographic perspective, China’s geo-economic relations in the Pacific Rim present an increasingly dispersed trend. However, the spatial pattern of Vietnam’s geo-economy has maintained a low-level and stable spatial agglomeration over the last decade.
Internet Access, Spillover and Regional Development in China
Authors: Lin Juan , Yu Zhou , Wei Yehua Dennis , Wang Mingfeng
Published: June 2017

As Internet access grows at different rates across regions, the Internet has had variable effects on regional economies through agglomeration and spillover effects. This paper uses province-level panel data from 2000 to 2013 to study inequality in Internet access, its spatial effect on regional economies in China and the channels through which the spillover effects are most evident. We find that the Internet has dispersed quickly from core cities, such as Beijing and Shanghai, to coastal provinces; and has had increasingly significant effects on neighboring regions. However, the Internet speed is still comparatively low outside the core cities. We then use endogenous growth models to quantify the effect of Internet access on regional economies. Our results show that, while Internet dispersion is positively associated with economic growth, the spillover effect varies significantly by region and is more pronounced in developed regions. So is the effect of the science and technology environment. Developed regions have benefited the most in the process. The three channels of spillover are listed here in order of relative significance: economy, proximity and urbanization. The spillover effect of the Internet may lead to the divergence of regional economies, working against the national goal of reducing regional inequality.
How Building with Wood Can Be Linked to Sales of Building Plots: Results from an Exemplary Site Development in Munich, Germany
Authors: Hafner Annette
Published: June 2017

Cities today seek ways to comply with national climate targets. The urban authorities responsible for city planning are therefore responsible for defining the eco-efficiency of cities for decades to come. They need clear guidelines on how to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the building stock in a specific area. The use of sustainably sourced wood in construction plays an increasingly vital part in the transition towards eco-cities. Drawing on an exemplary development site in Munich, this paper describes how the sale of building plots can be connected to an agreement to build with wood. Based on an actual research project, site-specific target values regarding greenhouse gas emissions and the amount of renewable material for specific building plots were developed by studying life cycle assessments for different buildings. Wood is introduced as a building material to achieve a minimal environmental footprint. The focus is set on linking the sale of building plots to an agreement to build primarily with wood. Target values for the buildings were developed in close cooperation with the city and were linked to the tendering of the plots. The proceedings and its implementation are shown in this paper.
Rewetting Decreases Carbon Emissions from the Zoige Alpine Peatland on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Cui Lijuan , Kang Xiaoming , Li Wei , Hao Yanbin , Zhang Yuan , Wang Jinzhi , Yan Liang , Zhang Xiaodong , Zhang Manyin , Zhou Jian , Kardol Paul
Published: June 2017

Peatlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle and potentially have a significant impact on regional climate change. Restoring and rewetting the degraded peatlands is an urgent task. However, effects of rewetting on the carbon emissions of peatlands remain poorly understood. In this study, the process of rewetting a piece of the degraded Zoige alpine peatland was experimentally simulated and the derived results were compared with those of natural rewetting by monitoring CO2 and CH4 fluxes and other environmental factors before and after rewetting. The natural rewetting results showed that rewetting decreased ecosystem respiration (ER) by about 60%. Furthermore, rewetting increased CH4 emissions by 127%, decreased total carbon emissions (TCE) from 270 to 157 mg CO2 m−2 h−1, and decreased TCE from the entire ecosystem by 42%. The results of the controlled experiment showed that ER decreased gradually as the degree of rewetting was increased, and CH4 fluxes and changes in water level were significantly and positively correlated: CH4 fluxes increased from 0.3 (water level −20 cm) to 2.17 mg CH4 m−2 h−1 (water level 20 cm). After rewetting, the TCE of the whole ecosystem were significantly decreased. Regional observations showed that CO2 fluxes were significantly and negatively correlated to the water level; and the corresponding CO2 equivalent was significantly and positively correlated to the water level, while TCE were significantly and negatively correlated to the water level. Our findings indicate that rewetting can decrease carbon emissions and thus contribute in mitigating the adverse effects of climate change in alpine peatland.
An Improved Eco-Efficiency Analysis Framework Based on Slacks-Based Measure Method
Authors: Xu Tianqun , Gao Ping , Yu Qian , Fang Debin
Published: June 2017

The level of sustainable development can be measured by eco-efficiency, which is a combination of economic and ecological performance. Utilizing the weighted sum of the improved proportions of the indicators as the objective function, this paper develops a proportional slacks-based measure model to assess eco-efficiency, in which the conventional inputs, and desirable and undesirable outputs are improved to different proportions along the elements of a given directional vector. Moreover, this paper presents a weighted proportional slacks-based measure model using the ranges as the divisors instead of the input and output values in the objective function. Finally, this paper presents an empirical analysis by applying proposed measure models with the data of 30 provinces in China in 2015. The empirical study results indicate the developed slacks-based measure models can be used in the assessment of eco-efficiency effectively and reasonably.
Water Sustainability of Selected Mining Companies in South Africa
Authors: Askham Theresa M. , Van der Poll Huibrecht M.
Published: June 2017

Many parts of the world, and South Africa specifically, are facing a water crisis, not only because of the scarcity of water, but also the quality of the available water. Apart from agriculture, industry is viewed as the second largest user of water and can, therefore, have a significant impact on the saving of water. The purpose of this research is to investigate how selected South African listed mining companies are measuring, managing, and disclosing their water risks, as well as engaging with stakeholders. The selection of the mining companies was made using the companies with the highest market capitalisation figures of those that have a primary listing on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). The sustainability/integrated/annual reports for 2013 were reviewed using the Ceres Aqua Gauge™ (Boston, MA, USA) as the framework. The findings of this research were that the selected mining companies had grasped the seriousness of the water crisis in South Africa, and the effects it will have on their businesses in future. Most concerning was the activities relating to water management in the supply chain; all of the selected mining companies were found to have no evidence of this in their reports, subsequently this is an area that needs to be addressed in future research.
Exploring the Dynamics of Responses to Food Production Shocks
Authors: Jones Aled , Hiller Bradley
Published: June 2017

Food production shocks can lead to food crises where access to appropriate quantities and quality of food become inadequate, unaffordable, or unreliable on a major scale. While the physical causes of food production shocks are well researched, the dynamics of responses to them are less well understood. This paper reviews those dynamics and includes evidence gathered via interviews of 44 expert practitioners sourced globally from academia, government, industry, think-tanks, and development/relief organizations. The paper confirms that policy interventions are often prioritised for national interests and poorly coordinated at regional and global scales. The paper acknowledges future compounding trends such as climate change and demographic shifts and suggests that while there are signs of incremental progress in better managing the impacts of shock events, coordinated responses at scale will require a paradigm shift involving major policy, market, and technological advancements, and a wide range of public and private sector stakeholders.
Economic and Environmental Performance of Fashion Supply Chain: The Joint Effect of Power Structure and Sustainable Investment
Authors: Shi Xiutian , Qian Yuan , Dong Ciwei
Published: June 2017

Fashion supply chain members now search for trade-offs between sustainable investment and the related incentives, such as savings on environmental taxes and gains in incremental demands. To evaluate the economic and environmental performance of sustainable investment from a power perspective, we develop an analytical model to study a two-echelon sustainable supply chain consisting of one retailer and one manufacturer with three different power structures. We derive the optimal solutions for various cases associated with different supply chain power structures and sustainable investors. Though it is beneficial for both the manufacturer and retailer to make sustainable investment, they often utilize high power to gain economic benefit with less sustainable investment. Interestingly, the follower with less supply chain power has more incentive to make a sustainable effort to achieve a higher profit. The optimal amount of sustainable investment in the apparel manufacturer investment case is greater than that in the retailer investment case in most scenarios.
Sustainable Regulation of Information Sharing with Electronic Data Interchange by a Trust-Embedded Contract
Authors: Han Guanghua , Dong Ming
Published: June 2017

This paper studies the risks in demand information sharing applications by electronic soft-orders using electronic data interchange (EDI) systems in e-commerce and aims to suggest a sustainable regulation mechanism with a trust-embedded contract. In a supply chain with one retailer and one supplier, the retailer solicits private forecasted demand and places soft-orders via EDI to the supplier. To ensure abundant supply, the retailer has an incentive to inflate her soft-orders, which potentially harms the credible information sharing and sustainability of business cooperation. Normally, the degree to which the supplier relies on the retailer’s order information is specified by trust, which is evaluated according to the retailer’s reputation and supplier’s intuition in this study. Based on standard game theory, we find that both the retailer’s order and the quantity of supplier prepared materials are independent of the retailer’s forecast. Therefore, EDI based information sharing in e-commerce without a regulation mechanism leads to inefficient demand information sharing. Since both the supplier and retailer are proved to faces huge of potential profit losses due to the failure of information sharing, the commerce by EDI based information sharing is full of risk and unsustainable. Therefore, a regulation mechanism that leaded by the retailer is proposed to establish ‘win-win’ sustainable cooperation. Numerical experiments highlight the value of trust, the impact of reputation and intuition in decisions, and the effectiveness of the regulation mechanism by a cost-sharing contract.
Development of a GIS Tool for High Precision PV Degradation Monitoring and Supervision: Feasibility Analysis in Large and Small PV Plants
Authors: De Simón-Martín Miguel , Diez-Suárez Ana-María , Álvarez-de Prado Laura , González-Martínez Alberto , De la Puente-Gil Álvaro , Blanes-Peiró Jorge
Published: June 2017

It is well known that working photovoltaic (PV) plants show several maintenance needs due to wiring and module degradation, mismatches, dust, and PV cell defects and faults. There are a wide range of theoretical studies as well as some laboratory tests that show how these circumstances may affect the PV production. Thus, it is mandatory to evaluate the whole PV plant performance and, then, its payback time, profitability, and environmental impact or carbon footprint. However, very few studies include a systematic procedure to quantify and supervise the real degradation effects and fault impacts on the field. In this paper, the authors first conducted a brief review of the most frequent PV faults and the degradation that can be found under real conditions of operation of PV plants. Then, they proposed and developed an innovative Geographic Information System (GIS) application to locate and supervise them. The designed tool was applied to both a large PV plant of 108 kWp and a small PV plant of 9 kWp installed on a home rooftop. For the large PV plant, 24 strings of PV modules were modelized and introduced into the GIS application and every module in the power plant was studied including voltage, current, power, series and parallel resistances, fill factor, normalized PV curve to standard test conditions (STC), thermography and visual analysis. For the small PV installation three strings of PV panels were studied identically. It must be noted that PV modules in this case included power optimizers. The precision of the study enabled the researchers to locate and supervise up to a third part of every PV cell in the system, which can be adequately georeferenced. The developed tool allows both the researchers and the investors to increase control of the PV plant performance, to lead to better planning of maintenance actuations, and to evaluate several PV module replacement strategies in a preventive maintenance program. The PV faults found include hot spots, snail tracks, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) discoloration, PV cell fractures, busbar discoloration, bubbles and Si discoloration.
Viral Encephalitis of Unknown Cause: Current Perspective and Recent Advances
Authors: Kennedy Peter , Quan Phenix-Lan , Lipkin W.
Published: June 2017

Viral encephalitis causes acute inflammation of the brain parenchyma and is a significant cause of human morbidity and mortality. Although Herpes Simplex encephalitis is the most frequent known cause of fatal sporadic encephalitis in humans, an increasingly wide range of viruses and other microbial pathogens are implicated. Up to 60% of cases of presumed viral encephalitis remain unexplained due to the failure of conventional laboratory techniques to detect an infectious agent. High-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have the potential to detect any microbial nucleic acid present in a biological specimen without any prior knowledge of the target sequence. While there remain challenges intrinsic to these technologies, they have great promise in virus discovery in unexplained encephalitis.
Serotype-Specific Killing of Large Cell Carcinoma Cells by Reovirus
Authors: Simon Emily , Howells Morgan , Stuart Johnasha , Boehme Karl
Published: June 2017

Reovirus is under development as a therapeutic for numerous types of cancer. In contrast to other oncolytic viruses, the safety and efficacy of reovirus have not been improved through genetic manipulation. Here, we tested the oncolytic capacity of recombinant strains (rs) of prototype reovirus laboratory strains T1L and T3D (rsT1L and rsT3D, respectively) in a panel of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. We found that rsT1L was markedly more cytolytic than rsT3D in the large cell carcinoma cell lines tested, whereas killing of adenocarcinoma cell lines was comparable between rsT1L and rsT3D. Importantly, non-recombinant T1L and T3D phenocopied the kinetics and magnitude of cell death induced by recombinant strains. We identified gene segments L2, L3, and M1 as viral determinants of strain-specific differences cell killing of the large cell carcinoma cell lines. Together, these results indicate that recombinant reoviruses recapitulate the cell killing properties of non-recombinant, tissue culture-passaged strains. These studies provide a baseline for the use of reverse genetics with the specific objective of engineering more effective reovirus oncolytics. This work raises the possibility that type 1 reoviruses may have the capacity to serve as more effective oncolytics than type 3 reoviruses in some tumor types.
Interannual and Decadal Variability in Tropical Pacific Sea Level
Authors: Peyser Cheryl , Yin Jianjun
Published: June 2017

A notable feature in the first 20-year satellite altimetry records is an anomalously fast sea level rise (SLR) in the western Pacific impacting island nations in this region. This observed trend is due to a combination of internal variability and external forcing. The dominant mode of dynamic sea level (DSL) variability in the tropical Pacific presents as an east-west see-saw pattern. To assess model skill in simulating this variability mode, we compare 38 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models with 23-year satellite data, 55-year reanalysis products, and 60–year sea level reconstruction. We find that models underestimate variance in the Pacific sea level see-saw, especially at decadal, and longer, time scales. The interannual underestimation is likely due to a relatively low variability in the tropical zonal wind stress. Decadal sea level variability may be influenced by additional factors, such as wind stress at higher latitudes, subtropical gyre position and strength, and eddy heat transport. The interannual variability of the Niño 3.4 index is better represented in CMIP5 models despite low tropical Pacific wind stress variability. However, as with sea level, variability in the Niño 3.4 index is underestimated on decadal time scales. Our results show that DSL should be considered, in addition to sea surface temperature (SST), when evaluating model performance in capturing Pacific variability, as it is directly related to heat content in the ocean column.
Canopy Transpiration and Stomatal Responses to Prolonged Drought by a Dominant Desert Species in Central Asia
Authors: Gu Daxing , Wang Quan , Otieno Dennis
Published: June 2017

In arid and semiarid lands, canopy transpiration and its dynamics depend largely on stomatal sensitivity to drought. In this study, the sap flow of a dominant species, Haloxylon ammodendron growing in Central Asian deserts, was monitored using Granier-type sensors, from which the canopy stomatal conductance was derived. The responses of canopy transpiration and stomatal conductance to environmental variables during the second half of the growing season, when annual prolonged drought occurred, was analyzed for four continuous years, from 2013 to 2016. A soil water content (SWC) of 3% was identified as the lower soil water threshold for this species, below which the plant lost the ability for stomatal regulation on water loss and suffered the risk of mortality. Above this threshold, the sensitivity of canopy transpiration to vapor pressure deficit, VPD (K), was linearly correlated with SWC, which mainly resulted from different stomatal behaviors at varying drought intensities. Stomatal sensitivity to VPD (m/Gsref) increased linearly with soil moisture deficit, inducing a shift from more anisohydric to a more isohydric stomatal behavior. The flexibility of stomatal behavior regarding soil drought was one key element facilitating the survival of H. ammodendron in such an extreme dry environment.
Climate–Glacier Dynamics and Topographic Forcing in the Karakoram Himalaya: Concepts, Issues and Research Directions
Authors: Dobreva Iliyana , Bishop Michael , Bush Andrew
Published: June 2017

Understanding climate-glacier dynamics in High Mountain Asia is of critical importance to address issues including water resources, sea-level rise, mountain geodynamics, natural hazards and ecosystem sustainability. The Karakoram Himalaya is arguably the least understood region, given its extreme topography, climate-system coupling, and advancing and surge-type glaciers that exhibit complex flow patterns. Glacier fluctuations in the Karakoram Himalaya are highly variable in space and time because of numerous controlling factors, including the westerlies, the Indian summer monsoon, various teleconnections, topographic effects, glacier debris-cover characteristics, glacier dynamics, and geological conditions. The influence of the integrative coupling of forcing factors, however, has not been adequately assessed for characterizing the glaciers in the Karakoram Himalaya. Given the scarcity of in-situ data and the difficulty of conducting fieldwork on these glaciers, recent research has focused on utilizing remote sensing, geospatial technologies, and scientific modeling to obtain baseline information about the state of glaciers in the region. This review summarizes our current knowledge of glaciers, climate-glacier interaction, and topographic forcing in the Karakoram Himalaya, and demonstrates the complexities in mountain geodynamics that influence climate-glacier dynamics. Innovative analysis is also presented in support of our review and discussion.
Enjeux psychiques des parentalités à risque et potentiels thérapeutiques du génogramme libre
Authors: Lafortune David , Gilbert Sophie , Lavallée Geneviève , Lussier Véronique
Published: June 2017

Les cliniciens confrontés aux parents en difficultés psychosociales témoignent régulièrement d’un sentiment d’impuissance à modifier les cycles (souvent générationnels) de la maltraitance infantile, soulevant ainsi leur besoin d’être davantage outillés. Spécifiquement, certaines caractéristiques de la clientèle posent des entraves singulières au processus de changement, telles qu’une demande d’aide lacunaire, un accès limité au monde intrapsychique (préférant l’agir ou le déni), ou l’aspect figé et hermétique du discours porté sur les difficultés personnelles et familiales. Une recherche-action permit l’utilisation – supervisée – du génogramme libre dans l’intervention menée auprès de huit jeunes mères en difficultés. L’analyse qualitative conceptualisante des données illustre le potentiel projectif et thérapeutique de ce dispositif, révélant au parent les attentes affectives et les conflits non-résolus agissant à son insu dans les liens générationnels, tout en amorçant en lui une dialectisation du discours figé et fataliste auparavant porté sur la filiation.
Comment le corps vient à l’enfant ? Quelques enjeux autour des représentations corporelles au cours du développement
Authors: Boutinaud Jérôme
Published: June 2017

La rencontre clinique avec le jeune enfant, que son développement soit harmonieux ou marqué par des souffrances diverses, met en tout cas en avant la nécessité impérieuse que ce dernier rencontre à devoir habiter son corps, se l’approprier subjectivement et s’en construire des représentations. Cette idée communément admise par les milieux scientifiques s’intéressant à ce sujet n’est toutefois pas sans poser un nombre important de questions tant sur le plan terminologique que théorique : la référence parfois confuse à des registres théoriques hétérogènes, le télescopage de vocables paraissant similaires mais loin d’être équivalents (tels ceux d’image du corps et de schéma corporel pour ne citer qu’eux), parce qu’ils se font l’écho de la complexité de la problématique abordée, tendent à dérouter chercheurs et cliniciens et appellent à des éclaircissements. L’auteur propose ici une rétrospective non exhaustive autour de plusieurs de ces modèles théoriques (notamment psychanalytiques), afin de tenter de mieux les resituer et les mettre en perspective. Pour ce faire, ces différents éléments seront regroupés sous la forme de plusieurs domaines (schéma corporel, image du corps, moi corporel, enveloppes psychiques...) en gardant comme fil rouge l’idée d’une lecture plurielle de ce qu’on pourrait appeler l’émergence des représentations corporelles. Quelques propositions seront avancées en conclusion afin de prolonger la réflexion autour de ce sujet et ouvrir sur d’autres pistes d’analyse.
Outcomes of Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Chalmers Brian P. , Ledford Cameron K. , Perry Kevin I. , Mabry Tad M. , Hanssen Arlen D. , Abdel Matthew P.
Published: June 2017

Patients who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to treat underlying bone marrow pathology represent a unique and potentially high-risk patient population for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study retrospectively reviewed 15 TKA procedures performed on 11 patients with a history of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The authors analyzed patient survivorship; clinical outcomes, including complications; and implant survivorship. Mean follow-up was 5 years (range, 2–10 years). Patient survivorship free from mortality was 91% (95% confidence interval, 76%–100%) and 55% (95% confidence interval, 25%–85%) at 2 and 5 years, respectively. Patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma had a significantly higher 5-year mortality rate (100%) compared with patients who had an underlying diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (0%) (
P
=.008). Mean Knee Society Score improved to 83 postoperatively (
P
<.001). Two patients (13%) had postoperative wound healing complications that did not lead to periprosthetic joint infection; however, an additional patient (7%) underwent revision surgery at 5 years for periprosthetic joint infection. Estimated implant survivorship without revision was 80% (95% confidence interval, 60%–100%) at 5 years. Elective primary TKA does not appear to affect survivorship in patients with a history of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These patients have modest clinical outcomes, higher complication rates as a result of delayed wound healing, and poorer implant survivorship compared with historical control subjects. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(5):e774–e778.]
Flipped Learning With Simulation in Undergraduate Nursing Education
Authors: Kim HeaRan , Jang YounKyoung
Published: June 2017

Background:

Flipped learning has proliferated in various educational environments. This study aimed to verify the effects of flipped learning on the academic achievement, teamwork skills, and satisfaction levels of undergraduate nursing students.

Method:

For the flipped learning group, simulation-based education via the flipped learning method was provided, whereas traditional, simulation-based education was provided for the control group. After completion of the program, academic achievement, teamwork skills, and satisfaction levels were assessed and analyzed.

Results:

The flipped learning group received higher scores on academic achievement, teamwork skills, and satisfaction levels than the control group, including the areas of content knowledge and clinical nursing practice competency. In addition, this difference gradually increased between the two groups throughout the trial.

Conclusion:

The results of this study demonstrated the positive, statistically significant effects of the flipped learning method on simulation-based nursing education. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(6):329–336.]
A New Extended Depth of Focus Intraocular Lens Based on Spherical Aberration
Authors: Bellucci Roberto , Curatolo Maria C.
Published: June 2017

PURPOSE:

To describe a new extended depth of focus intraocular lens (IOL) design offering multifocality by the variation of spherical aberration in the central optical zone.

METHODS:

The new IOL (Mini WELL; SIFI, Catania, Italy) is an aspheric IOL with positive spherical aberration in the central 2-mm zone and negative spherical aberration in the pericentral 1-mm annulus, the amount of which was determined by specific optic calculation. The new IOL design was tested at the optical bench to investigate depth of focus and sensitivity to tilt, decentration, and angle Kappa. Visual acuity simulations were obtained from distance (4 m) to near (0.5 m).

RESULTS:

Modulation transfer function (MTF) for a 3-mm pupil was 0.35 to 0.40 for distance vision and 0.25 to 0.30 for intermediate and near vision. MTF for a 4.5-mm pupil was 0.40 to 0.55 and 0.10 to 0.20, respectively. These values were not influenced by tilt up to ±2.5°, by decentration up to ±0.5 mm, or by angle Kappa up to 9°. Visual acuity simulations indicated good visual acuity up to 2.00 D of pseudoaccommodation.

CONCLUSIONS:

The new IOL with double spherical aberration in the central 3-mm zone offered good MTF over a wide dioptric interval, suggesting good visual acuity between 4 m and 50 cm. This extended depth of focus IOL with no diffractive rings is expected to produce lower unwanted optical phenomena than current multifocal IOLs.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(6):389–394.]
Géographie et toponymie de la « frontière andalouse » dans l’historiographie humaniste hispanique, d’Alphonse de Carthagène à Lucio Marineo Sículo
Authors: Carette-Ismail Alice
Published: June 2017

Cet article s’intéresse au discours toponymique et géographique sur la frontière entre la Castille et le royaume de Grenade, dans les traités et les œuvres historiographiques en latin produits en Espagne par les humanistes Alonso de Cartagena, Sánchez de Arévalo, Margarit, Pau, Palencia, Nebrija et Marineo Sículo. Leur mouvement, qui renoue avec la toponymie romaine et la tradition antique de la laus Hispaniae, coïncide par ailleurs avec le crépuscule du royaume de Grenade puis son intégration aux territoires castillans. Ce travail démontre, en premier lieu, que la frontière andalouse est au centre du travail de restauration toponymique mené par les auteurs, puis explique comment ces derniers s’efforcent de tenir un discours cohérent lorsqu’il s’agit de confronter l’ancienne Bétique à son dédoublement, au xve siècle, entre Andalousie chrétienne et royaume de Grenade. Enfin, il analyse la manière dont le discours géographique humaniste anticipe puis entérine la disparition du royaume nasride.
El Libro de Séneca contra la yra e saña y su relación con BnF ms. Latin 6390
Authors: Fuentes Juan Héctor
Published: June 2017

Uno de los problemas más relevantes para la edición de traducciones y adaptaciones medievales es la reconstrucción del modelo subyacente. En lo que respecta al Libro contra la ira e saña, el estudio detallado de las anotaciones marginales al texto latino del De ira conservado en BnF MSS lat. 6390 evidencia la estrecha relación que los comentarios guardan con el romanceamiento castellano en lo que refiere a la estructura de la obra y la adecuación a la forma tractatus.
El Aristóteles de Alfonso de Cartagena: hacia una valoración de conjunto
Authors: Escobar Ángel
Published: June 2017

Nuestro trabajo analiza, breve y provisionalmente, la presencia de Aristóteles en el conjunto de la obra literaria de Alfonso de Cartagena, desde sus inicios (ca. 1422) hasta sus últimas producciones. Se procura delimitar con mayor precisión algunas citas ya reconocidas, así como identificar otras, y se especula, en la medida de lo posible, sobre el uso de determinadas versiones latinas medievales. Finalmente, se procede a valorar en su conjunto, también de manera sumaria, el aristotelismo de Cartagena y su posible evolución.
Los studia humanitatis según Alonso de Cartagena
Authors: Gallardo Luis Fernández
Published: June 2017

Alonso de Cartagena fue el primer autor español que utilizó la expresión studia humanitatis. Lo hizo en tres ocasiones: en carta dirigida al humanista Pier Candido Decembrio (1438), en el Duodenarium (1442), dedicado a Fernán Pérez de Guzmán, y en el Defensorium unitatis christianae (1449), refiriéndose al rey Juan II. Don Alonso no ofrece una definición explícita. No alude a contenidos específicos, aunque se puede identificar una imprecisa relación con la ética, con la traducción de autores griegos y, de modo más vago, con las artes liberales. Apunta más bien a actitudes intelectuales, a la valoración del debate y del coloquio, al ejercicio de la palabra en situación dialógica. Tampoco identifica studia humanitatis con el uso del latín, pues incluye la actividad literaria de su amigo Pérez de Guzmán. El uso que hizo Cartagena de esta expresión constituye un documento de gran interés sobre la difusión del humanismo en Castilla.
Exploring Athletic Training Educators' Development as Teachers
Authors: Payne Ellen K. , Walker Stacy E. , Mazerolle Stephanie M.
Published: June 2017

Context:

Little research is available on how athletic training educators develop their instructional styles over the course of their careers and what influences their teaching practices. Understanding the development of athletic training educators' teaching practices may help promote effective teaching in athletic training programs and help guide professional development.

Objective:

To gain a better understanding of how athletic trainers develop as educators and how their experiences as an educator influence their teaching.

Design:

Qualitative study.

Setting:

Higher education institutions.

Patients or Other Participants:

We interviewed 11 doctorally trained athletic trainers teaching in undergraduate professional athletic training programs.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Data were collected through in-depth interviews, and additional artifacts (curricula vitae, syllabi, videotaped teaching lessons) were used to triangulate data collected during the interviews. We used a phenomenological approach to analyze the data and maintained trustworthiness through member checking, data-source triangulation, multiple-analyst triangulation, and peer review.

Results:

Two main themes emerged from the data: (1) role induction through role continuance and (2) teaching for student learning. Participants discussed how their teaching evolved over the course of their careers, how they valued their clinical practice, how they promoted student learning, and how they aimed to challenge students to transfer knowledge learned into clinical practice.

Conclusions:

From the data, we are able to understand that athletic training educators develop their teaching practices through engaging in their role as a teacher. This was an informal, continual process of learning how to be an educator.
High Mortality and Coinfection in a Prospective Cohort of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Patients with Histoplasmosis in Guatemala
Authors: Samayoa Blanca , Roy Monika , Cleveland Angela Ahlquist , Medina Narda , Lau-Bonilla Dalia , Scheel Christina M. , Gomez Beatriz L. , Chiller Tom , Arathoon Eduardo
Published: June 2017

Histoplasmosis is one of the most common and deadly opportunistic infections among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Latin America, but due to limited diagnostic capacity in this region, few data on the burden and clinical characteristics of this disease exist. Between 2005 and 2009, we enrolled patients ≥ 18 years of age with suspected histoplasmosis at a hospital-based HIV clinic in Guatemala City. A case of suspected histoplasmosis was defined as a person presenting with at least three of five clinical or radiologic criteria. A confirmed case of histoplasmosis was defined as a person with a positive culture or urine antigen test for Histoplasma capsulatum. Demographic and clinical data were also collected and analyzed. Of 263 enrolled as suspected cases of histoplasmosis, 101 (38.4%) were confirmed cases. Median time to diagnosis was 15 days after presentation (interquartile range [IQR] = 5–23). Crude overall mortality was 43.6%; median survival time was 19 days (IQR = 4–69). Mycobacterial infection was diagnosed in 70 (26.6%) cases; 26 (25.7%) histoplasmosis cases were coinfected with mycobacteria. High mortality and short survival time after initial symptoms were observed in patients with histoplasmosis. Mycobacterial coinfection diagnoses were frequent, highlighting the importance of pursuing diagnoses for both diseases.
Pedunculated Osteochondroma arising from the Medial Aspect of Proximal Femur: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Hamid Fahad B , Somashekarappa T , Jauhari RP , Singh Somdutt , Agarwal Deepanshu
Published: June 2017

Osteochondroma is a benign bony tumor arising as a bony outgrowth covered by a cartilage cap and occurs most commonly in the metaphysis of long bones (proximal tibia, distal femur, proximal humerus) and pelvis. Osteochondroma grows eccentrically instead of centrifugally. This article reports a case of a 24-yearold female, who presented with a painless bony hard irregular swelling over medial aspect of right groin. There was no distal neurovascular deficit. Site, nature, and extent of the lesion were assessed by radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging. Tumor was completely excised and on histopathology, osteochondroma confirmed. No weight bearing was allowed for 1 week. Patient returned to her normal routine activities in 1 month. On regular follow-up, no evidence of recurrence of the lesion was seen.

How to cite this article

Hamid FB, Singh G, Somashekarappa T, Jauhari RP, Singh S, Agarwal D. Pedunculated Osteochondroma arising from the Medial Aspect of Proximal Femur: A Rare Presentation. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(1):44-46.
Hypercalcemia due to Parathyroid Adenoma: A Delayed Diagnosis
Authors: Bist SS , Agarwal Vinish Kumar , Goyal Mamta , Purohit Kartikeya
Published: June 2017

Hypercalcemia is a serious health problem occurring due to pathology of many organ systems including thyroid, parathyroid, kidney, and bone. Hypercalcemia due to parathyroid is usually a delayed diagnosis as parathyroid adenoma is usually discovered during surgery of thyroid gland disease. We present a case of hypercalcemia due to parathyroid adenoma, who underwent total thyroidectomy with right inferior parathyroidectomy. We conclude that a patient with features suggestive of hypercalcemia should be suspected to have parathyroid adenoma and every effort has to be made to diagnose parathyroid adenoma as this is a surgically resectable medical problem.

How to cite this article

Agarwal VK, Purohit K, Bist SS, Goyal M. Hypercalcemia due to Parathyroid Adenoma: A Delayed Diagnosis. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(1):51-52.