bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated segment-level coronary artery calcium scoring on non-contrast CT: a multi-task deep-learning approach
Authors: Föllmer Bernhard , Tsogias Sotirios , Biavati Federico , Schulze Kenrick , Bosserdt Maria , Hövermann Lars Gerrit , Stober Sebastian , Samek Wojciech , Kofoed Klaus F. , Maurovich-Horvat Pál , Donnelly Patrick , Benedek Theodora , Williams Michelle C. , Dewey Marc
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To develop and evaluate a multi-task deep-learning (DL) model for automated segment-level coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring on non-contrast computed tomography (CT) for precise localization and quantification of calcifications in the coronary artery tree.

Methods

This study included 1514 patients (mean age, 60.0 ± 10.2 years; 56.0% female) with stable chest pain from 26 centers participating in the multicenter DISCHARGE trial (NCT02400229). The patients were randomly assigned to a training/validation set (1059) and a test set (455). We developed a multi-task neural network for performing the segmentation of calcifications on the segment level as the main task and the segmentation of coronary artery segment regions with weak annotations as an auxiliary task. Model performance was evaluated using (micro-average) sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, and weighted Cohen’s κ for segment-level agreement based on the Agatston score and performing interobserver variability analysis.

Results

In the test set of 455 patients with 1797 calcifications, the model assigned 73.2% (1316/1797) to the correct coronary artery segment. The model achieved a micro-average sensitivity of 0.732 (95% CI: 0.710–0.754), a micro-average specificity of 0.978 (95% CI: 0.976–0.980), and a micro-average F1-score of 0.717 (95% CI: 0.695–0.739). The segment-level agreement was good with a weighted Cohen’s κ of 0.808 (95% CI: 0.790–0.824), which was only slightly lower than the agreement between the first and second observer (0.809 (95% CI: 0.798–0.845)).

Conclusion

Automated segment-level CAC scoring using a multi-task neural network approach showed good agreement on the segment level, indicating that DL has the potential for automated coronary artery calcification classification.

Critical relevance statement

Multi-task deep learning can perform automated coronary calcium scoring on the segment level with good agreement and may contribute to the development of new and improved calcium scoring methods.

Key Points

Segment-level coronary artery calcium scoring is a tedious and error-prone task.

The proposed multi-task model achieved good agreement with a human observer on the segment level.

Deep learning can contribute to the automation of segment-level coronary artery calcium scoring.

Graphical Abstract
Qualitative exploration of determinants of active mobility and social participation in Urban neighborhoods: individual perceptions over objective factors?
Authors: Bollenbach Lukas , Kanning Martina , Niermann Christina
Published: October 2024

Background

Urban neighborhood environments play an important role in facilitating or hindering residents to engage in active mobility and social participation. However, while there is much quantitative research, in-depth knowledge that contextualizes residents’ subjective perceptions of barriers and facilitators of active mobility and social participation is still insufficient. Therefore, a qualitative approach was used to collect subjectively perceived barriers and facilitators of active mobility and social participation of residents from different neighborhoods with objectively determined high vs. low walkability. Furthermore, to better understand (non) concordance of objective environmental characterizations and actual levels of behavior, low and high walkability neighborhood-specific barriers, proposed improvements, and particularities that determine (non) engagement in active mobility and social participation were explored.

Methods

Three focus groups (N = 6, N = 6, and N = 5) with 17 participants (7 women, 10 men) aged 21–64 (mean age 43.4 ± 14,6 years) were conducted utilizing a pre-structured interview guideline. Participants lived in 11 different neighborhoods with either high or low objectively determined walkability. The focus groups were transcribed verbatim, followed by a thematic analysis of the content with deductive and inductive code categories, utilizing the MAXQDA software.

Results

Notable was the consensus of many perceived barriers and facilitators of active mobility and social participation along with their assignability to the same context (points-of-interest, infrastructure; safety, communication, community; topography, physical compositions, weather, aesthetics; personal / individual attitudes, influences, evaluations). Another main finding was that high and low walkability neighborhood-specific particularities were revealed that are in contrast to some objective characterizations of walkability: For example, too high density can inhibit active mobility, and too many options can inhibit social participation.

Conclusions

The consensus of many barriers and facilitators of active mobility and social participation suggests that valuable synergies could be created by coordinating interventions aiming to promote both active mobility and social participation in urban neighborhoods. Also, considering subjective perceptions of residents helps to identify neighborhood-specific factors that determine (non) engagement in active mobility and social participation. The findings can help city planners and public health officials improve the promotion of active mobility and social participation in the creation of health-enhancing urban neighborhoods.
Crime reporting and victim satisfaction with the police: a large-scale study among victims of crime in the Netherlands
Authors: Jansen Roselle P. , Ruiter Stijn , van Steden Ronald
Published: October 2024

Objectives

There is a rich body of research on how and why victims report crime to police, but little is known about the crime reporting process itself. This paper explores the relationship between victim satisfaction with the police after reporting crime and the various reporting channels victims used, as well as the subsequent police response.

Methods

We capitalize on a large-scale nationwide survey among victims in the Netherlands (N = 25,760). Using linear regression, we test how victim satisfaction with the police relates to the reporting channel used, follow-up contact by the police, and action taken by the police while controlling for type of crime, its impact on victims, their needs and their sociodemographic characteristics.

Results

The model explains 38% of the variance in victim satisfaction. The crime reporting channel and subsequent police response to crime reports show largest effects. When victims had in-person conversations with the police, the police reported back to them, and took further action, victims were most satisfied.

Conclusions

This study shows the importance of how police operate during and after victims report a crime for their satisfaction with police. The results suggest that police may be able to positively affect victim satisfaction by taking relatively simple measures. More research is needed to test this hypothesis using (quasi)experimental designs.
Natural killer cell-based cancer immunotherapy: from basics to clinical trials
Authors: Shi Yinghong , Hao Donglin , Qian Hui , Tao Zhimin
Published: October 2024

Cellular immunotherapy exploits the capacity of the human immune system in self-protection and surveillance to achieve the anti-tumor effects. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of innate immune system and they display a unique inherent ability to identify and eliminate tumor cells. In this review, we first introduce the basic characteristics of NK cells in the physiological and pathological milieus, followed by a discussion of their effector function and immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Clinical strategies and reports regarding NK cellular therapy are analyzed in the context of tumor treatment, especially against solid tumors. Given the widely studied T-cell therapy in the recent years, particularly the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, we compare the technical features of NK- and T-cell based tumor therapies at the clinical front. Finally, the technical challenges and potential solutions for both T and NK cell-based immunotherapies in treating tumor malignancies are delineated. By overviewing its clinical applications, we envision the NK-cell based immunotherapy as an up-and-comer in cancer therapeutics.
I see you: teacher analytics with GPT-4 vision-powered observational assessment
Authors: Lee Unggi , Jeong Yeil , Koh Junbo , Byun Gyuri , Lee Yunseo , Lee Hyunwoong , Eun Seunmin , Moon Jewoong , Lim Cheolil , Kim Hyeoncheol
Published: October 2024

This preliminary study explores how GPT-4 Vision (GPT-4V) technology can be integrated into teacher analytics through observational assessment, aiming to improve reflective teaching practice. Our study develops a Video-based Automatic Assessment System (VidAAS) powered by GPT-4V. This approach uses Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) to provide detailed insights into classroom dynamics. Our study encompasses various methods with multiple steps: a comprehensive literature review, prototype development of the VidAAS, and usability testing with in-service teachers. The study findings reveal that VidAAS demonstrates high accuracy in evaluating skills in the behavioral (psychomotor) domain and offers comprehensive explanations for each assessment. While showing promise in these areas, the system also indicates potential for further enhancement in processing speed and refinement in assessing cognitive and affective domains. We discuss how VidAAS supports teachers’ reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action, emphasizing the need to balance AI-driven insights and human judgment. Our study findings also guide future research avenues for VidAAS design, implementation, and integration in teacher analytics, underscoring GPT-4V’s potential for real-time, scalable feedback and a deeper classroom understanding.
Development and validation of an innovative administration system to facilitate controlled holmium-166 microsphere administration during TARE
Authors: van Wijk Meike W. M. , van Wolfswinkel Gerhard , Arntz Mark J. , Janssen Marcel J. R. , Roosen Joey , Nijsen J. Frank W.
Published: October 2024

Background

To develop and validate a novel administration device for holmium-166 transarterial radioembolisation (TARE) with the purpose of facilitating controlled fractional microsphere administration for a more flexible and image-guided TARE procedure.

Methods

A Controlled Administration Device (CAD) was developed using MR-conditional materials. The CAD contains a rotating syringe to keep the microspheres in suspension during administration. Different rotational speeds were tested ex vivo to optimise the homogeneity of microsphere fractions administered from the device. The technical performance, accuracy, and safety was validated in three patients in a clinical TARE setting by administering a standard clinical dose in 5 fractions (identifier: NCT05183776). MRI-based dosimetry was used to validate the homogeneity of the given fractions in vivo, and serious adverse device event ((S)A(D)E) reporting was performed to assess safety of the CAD.

Results

A rotational speed of 30 rpm resulted in the most homogeneous microsphere fractions with a relative mean deviation of 1.1% (range: -9.1-8.0%). The first and last fraction showed the largest deviation with a mean of -26% (std. 16%) and 7% (std. 13%). respectively. In the three patient cases the homogeneity of the microsphere fractions was confirmed given that MRI-based dosimetry showed near linear increase of mean absorbed target liver dose over the given fractions with R2 values of 0.98, 0.97 and 0.99. No (S)A(D)E’s could be contributed to the use of the CAD.

Conclusions

The newly developed CAD facilitates safe and accurate fractional microsphere administration during TARE, and can be used for multiple applications in the current and future workflows of TARE.
Floral morphology and pollen placement strategies of bat-pollinated flowers: a comparative analysis within a guild of chiropterophilous plants in a neotropical dry forest
Authors: Pontes Cristina Adriane de Souza , Machado Isabel Cristina , Domingos-Melo Arthur
Published: October 2024

Background

Synchronopatric plant species, coexisting and flowering simultaneously, often engage in intense competition for pollen deposition on shared pollinators. This study focuses on the intricate dynamics of chiropterophilous flowers within the neotropical bat-pollination plant guild, specifically investigating the mechanical fit of reproductive structures to pollinating bats at the community level.

Methods

Utilizing a diverse guild of bat-pollinated plant species from the Caatinga, the largest dry forest in the Neotropics, our research integrates various key components. Initially, we identified specific contact sites for floral reproductive structures on the bat's body, exploring diverse pollen placement strategies. Subsequent efforts involved characterizing floral traits within the guild and examining their associations with different pollen placement strategies. Precision in the contact of floral reproductive structures was estimated, and findings were integrated by associating pollen placement strategies and precision with the investment in pollen production.

Results

We found that certain bat body parts, particularly the face and neck, were more frequently contacted by reproductive structures. The three identified categories of pollen placement strategies were evenly distributed among plant species, each linked to specific floral traits. Notably, the absence of oriented herkogamy prevailed in 70% of the species. Morphometric analyses unveiled significant variations in operative distances among species, emphasizing exceptional variability in certain outliers. While precision in pollen transfer was influenced by key factors, surprisingly, investment in pollen production did not differ among plants with distinct pollen placement strategies. Furthermore, it showed no correlation with fundamental accuracy.

Conclusions

The subsequent exploration delves into the intricate associations between distinct floral characteristics and various pollen placement strategies, shaping the complex pollen landscape on bat bodies. This research provides valuable insights into the community-level dynamics of chiropterophilous flowers in the Caatinga Dry Forest, emphasizing the role of different pollen deposition strategies in facilitating the coexistence of multiple plant species within the chiropterophilous guild.
Isolated IgG4-related Infundibulo-hypophysitis
Authors: Allen Margaret E , Beck Ryan T , Zwagerman Nathan T , Coss Dylan , Fisco Amy , Ioachimescu Adriana G
Published: October 2024

A 72-year-old man presented with several months of weakness, poor appetite, and depressed moods. Laboratory tests indicated central hypocortisolism, hypothyroidism and hypogonadism, and mild hyperprolactinemia. Imaging indicated a homogenously enhancing solid suprasellar mass inseparable from the hypothalamus and contiguous with a thickened proximal infundibulum. Neuro-ophthalmological evaluation was normal. Symptoms improved with hydrocortisone, levothyroxine, and testosterone replacement. After 6 months, transsphenoidal biopsy was performed due to mass enlargement and revealed fibrosis, lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, and CD138 and IgG4 staining. The levels of serum IgG4, complement, inflammatory markers, protein electrophoresis, amylase, and lipase and imaging of the chest, abdomen, and thyroid were unremarkable. After 1 month of prednisone therapy (starting dose 40 mg/day), the mass significantly involuted and remained stable afterward. Prednisone was gradually tapered to 5 mg daily over 10 weeks. During 22 months of follow-up, no systemic IgG4 disease was detected. Glucocorticoid, thyroid, and testosterone replacement was continued. This case of isolated IgG4-related hypophysitis illustrates the variable presentation that may not entail vasopressin deficiency or clinical mass effect. This entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of suprasellar masses even in the absence of IgG4 systemic disease or characteristic serology. Management entails multidisciplinary collaboration and long-term follow-up.
Burosumab, a Transformational Treatment in a Pediatric Patient With Cutaneous-Skeletal Hypophosphatemia Syndrome
Authors: da Silva Paulo Cesar Alves , Giombelli Vinicius Rene , Galvão Tessaro Fernando Henrique
Published: October 2024

Cutaneous-skeletal hypophosphatemia syndrome (CSHS) is a rare disorder characterized by the presence of melanocytic nevi, dysplastic cortical bony lesions, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)-mediated hypophosphatemic rickets. Herein, we describe the diagnosis of an 8-year-old girl presenting with short stature, reduced lower limb mobility, and abnormal gait due to muscle weakness and constant pain in the legs. Biochemical parameters demonstrated hypophosphatemia, hyperphosphaturia, slight increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH), high levels of alkaline phosphatase, and elevated FGF23. Burosumab improved phosphate-wasting, serum phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and PTH, followed by a significant mineralization in vertebral bodies evidenced by radiographic assessment. Our report shows a long-term follow-up of CSHS with a notable improvement promoted by an anti-FGF23 therapy.
Postnatal Dysregulation of Androgens in Extremely Preterm Male Infants
Authors: Nilsson Anders K , Sjöbom Ulrika , Landin Andreas , Andersson Mats X , Ryberg Henrik , Pivodic Aldina , Löfqvist Chatarina , Sävman Karin , Poutanen Matti , Ohlsson Claes , Hellström Ann
Published: October 2024

Context

Neurodevelopmental impairments are common among survivors of extremely preterm birth, particularly in males. Hyperactivation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis has been suggested as an underlying cause, but this has been poorly investigated.

Objective

Establish levels and temporal changes in circulating androgens in extremely preterm infant males.

Methods

Observational cohort study analyzing cord blood serum (n = 25) and postnatal plasma (n = 13) collected from day 0 until week 11 from infant males born at 22.8-27.9 weeks gestational age. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were determined using gas chromatography mass spectrometry, sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) with the Luminex xMAP multiplex assay.

Results

Testosterone and DHT levels were higher on day 0 (median 4.27 and 0.30 ng/mL) than in cord blood (0.15 and 0.01 ng/mL) (P < .001 for both). Levels of the hormones then declined rapidly until day 5 (median 0.16 and 0.12 ng/mL), then remained relatively constant throughout the study period. Median levels of testosterone and DHT across the whole study period were approximately 6-fold higher than reported in utero levels. FSH and LH showed similar postnatal patterns as the androgens. SHBG steadily increased over time, and, as a result, the fraction of bioavailable testosterone declined with infant postnatal age.

Conclusion

The HPG axis is activated immediately after birth in extremely preterm infant males, resulting in an androgen pulse occurring several months earlier than during a normal pregnancy. The long-term implications of high androgen exposure during a sensitive neurodevelopmental period warrant further studies.
Stateness / Estatalidade
Authors: Miranda Ana Paula Mendes de , Pita María Victoria
Published: October 2024

Stateness represents a new concept created by the authors of the chapter, building on and diverging from Foucault’s notion of governmentality. Focusing on knowledge production practices of state bureaucracies, the concept is informed by a meticulous and historically grounded tracing of official data on crime and of public policies. To map state rationalities and discourses in detail, this chapter offers a case study of how statistics regarding deaths by stray bullets are bureaucratically constructed. Stray bullets is a Brazil-specific category that encapsulates drive-by shootings, friendly fire, accidental weapons firing by police, and exchange of fire during police invasions of neighborhoods and consolidates it into a single statistical jumble. By pointing out that most cases happen in the same places—the poorest areas of Rio’s metropolitan region—the argument in favor of randomness is dismantled. Even less random is the fact that these bullets are most commonly found in racialized bodies—of course, most of their victims are Black.
Heartbreaking Lyrical Ontology / Ontologia Lírica Comovente
Authors: McCann Bryan , Broadus Victoria , Sodré João Gabriel Rabello
Published: October 2024

Aldir Blanc died of COVID-19, leaving behind a singular body of work, one that deeply shaped Brazilian popular music and also serves as a guide to Carioca modes of engaging the world. Blanc was one of Brazil’s greatest lyricists, cowriter of hundreds of popular songs. His short stories buttressed and expanded his work as a lyricist. Most of this work is about Rio de Janeiro, and even when it is not, it tends to embody a Carioca spirit—it is florid, earthy, subversive, and suffused with love for the gritty, obstreperous, and heartbreaking moments of everyday life. This chapter synthesizes key themes in Blanc’s work and interprets them as a method for engaging life in the contemporary global city: reject overweening authority; don’t snitch; be a flaneur; know yourself (but expect to continue making the same mistakes); cultivate an appreciation of the vulgar without eschewing the sensual and absurd.
Decreased Incidence of Radial Artery Vasospasm Using a Distal Transradial Approach in Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography: A Comparison of 200 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Hubbard Zachary S. , Cunningham Conor M. , Abo Kasem Rahim , Sowlat Mohammad-Mahdi , Muthana Ahmed , Isidor Julio , Porto Guilherme , Kicielinski Kimberly , Al Kasab Sami , Lena Jonathan , Spiotta Alejandro M.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Radial artery vasospasm is a common complication of radial artery catheterization. During the implementation of distal transradial approach (dTRA), we observed a decreased incidence of radial artery vasospasm on radial artery angiography following access that was not well detailed in the literature. The purpose of this study was to characterize the phenomenon of radial artery vasospasm in the context of different radial artery access points for diagnostic cerebral angiography.

METHODS:

We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic cerebral angiography from September 2023 to March 2024. Hundred conventional transradial approach (cTRA) and 100 dTRA diagnostic cerebral angiograms were performed. Following sheath insertion, all angiographic runs were reviewed, and a classification scheme was used to detail radial artery vasospasm occurrence.

RESULTS:

Radial artery vasospasm was lower in the dTRA approach compared with the cTRA approach (P = .019). A change in radial artery diameter was noted in 47 (47%) patients in the cTRA group vs 28 (28%) patients in the dTRA group. Radial artery diameter distal to the sheath was smaller in the cTRA group (2.30 ± 0.41) compared with the dTRA group (2.42 ± 0.48) (P = .021). Patients with Grade II/III spasm were younger (58 years vs 62 years; P = .029) and had a higher percentage of females (77.3% vs 62.4%; P = .030). Grade II/III spasm patients had a higher percentage of the cTRA approach compared with the dTRA approach (62.7% vs 42.4%; P = .008). These procedures were significantly longer with Grade II/III procedure time of 18:00 minutes vs 15.59 minutes in the Grade I group. Number of vessels catheterized was not significantly different between groups (P = .262).

CONCLUSION:

dTRA for diagnostic cerebral angiography is associated with a lower incidence of radial artery vasospasm compared with cTRA. Operators seeking to obviate radial artery vasospasm may consider using the dTRA approach for diagnostic cerebral angiography.
Use of a Single-Fiber Optical Probe for the Detection of Tumor Fluorescence in High-Grade Glioma
Authors: Dablouk Mohamed Osman , Buckley Kevin , Eustace David , Jansen Michael , Bermingham Niamh , Lim Chris , Kamel Mahmoud , Mohammed Wail , O'Sullivan Michael Gerard Joseph
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

High-grade glioma (HGG) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. The overall median survival is between 14 and 16 months. Fluorescence-guided surgery by detection of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence has been shown to improve the extent of resection, translating to improved progression-free survival. Microscope-based fluorescence detection techniques are associated with several pain points, some of which may be addressed by using contact-based spectroscopy. We aimed to investigate the accuracy of an optical fiber at detecting PpIX fluorescence by performing real-time spectroscopy in patients with HGG.

METHODS:

Adult patients undergoing fluorescence-guided surgery for suspected HGG were recruited prospectively. Intraoperatively, samples from cortex, white matter, and tumor were taken. These samples were interrogated using standard white and blue light microscope techniques and the optical fiber. These specimens were then assessed by neuropathology to determine whether the tumor tissue was present within them.

RESULTS:

We collected 89 samples from 28 patients. There was an equal ratio of men to women, with a median age of 66.5 years. The accuracy of the probe for detecting PpIX fluorescence was 75.9%, compared with 56.6% for the operating microscope, with a significant improvement in sensitivity (χ2 = 11.84, P < .001).

CONCLUSION:

The optical fiber probe was more accurate than the operating microscope for detecting PpIX fluorescence. This technology has potential value in improving the accuracy of fluorescence-guided surgery and has potential practical benefits relating to surgical workflow.
The importance of physical therapy and occupational therapy on the quality of life and bone health in patients with osteoporosis
Authors: Marcu Florin Mihai , Pascalau Nicoleta Anamaria , Ilieș Alexandru Bogdan , Antal Ioan Andrei , Ianc Dorina , Ciobanu Doriana , Suciu Ramona Nicoleta
Published: October 2024

This study aims to evaluate. in the course of one year. the role of physical therapy and occupational therapy intervention. in association of specific drug therapy versus only drug therapy. in patients with osteoporosis. The study was carried out between April 2022 and June 2024, on 94 patients with osteoporosis. selected from the Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital in Băile Felix. All subjects signed an informed consent form 46 subjects followed drug therapy, physical therapy and occupational therapy (study group) and 46 subjects had only drug therapy (control group). The following parameters were assessed: the decrease in height. bone mineral density (BMD) - the T score and the Qualeffo test for the quality of life. Between groups analysis showed that in the study group. The post-test values of the total Qualeffo score decrease significantly and showed a smaller decrease in height compared to control group. Regarding BMD there is no significant difference between the study group compared to control group. The results of the study suggest that a specific physiotherapy can cause significant improvements both of quality of life and vertebral static disorders. As far as BMD is concerned rehabilitation has only a limiting effect of braking its decrease.
Effects of Physical Activity on Patients With Diabetes Type 2: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bjelica Bojan , Aksović Nikola , Bubanj Saša , Zelenović Milan , Stanković Mima , Pajović Lazar , Čaprić Ilma , Radenković Oliver , Kahrović Izet , Murić Benin , Mekić Raid , Špirtović Omer , Milić Vladan , Bilalović Emir , Dobrescu Tatiana
Published: October 2024

The aim of the research was to collect and to examine the positive effects of various physical activity (PA) programs on individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This included a combination of aerobic exercises and resistance training, with varying intensities, in order to compare which approach yielded better outcomes for T2DM management; This systematic review was conducted in line with PRISMA guidelines, focusing on the period from 1991 to 2024. Studies included in this review involved both experimental procedures and questionnaire-based surveys to assess the impact of PA on T2DM patients. The primary outcome was the effect of PA on T2DM, with secondary outcomes including changes in blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and glycemic control; A total of 23 studies, encompassing 1752 participants (515 men, 546 women, and 691 unspecified), met the inclusion criteria. The studies highlighted the positive effects of exercise, such as improvements in glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles. Most studies recommended a combination of aerobic and resistance exercises performed 3-4 times per week for 30-60 minutes per session; This systematic review confirms that regular PA is instrumental in managing T2DM. Health care providers should integrate PA programs into treatment plans for T2DM patients to optimize glycemic control and overall health outcomes.
The role of a medium-term physical exercise program in improving cardiovascular parameters in hypertensive patients
Authors: Neamtu Andrei Caius , Amaricai Elena , Olariu Teodora , Stana Ademir Horia , Anculia Ramona Camelia , Popovici Ramona Amina , Iurciuc Stela
Published: October 2024

The objective of our study was to evaluate the changes in cardiovascular parameters in patients with hypertension who completed a 3-month physical exercise program. 229 sub-jects with high normal values of blood pressure and stage 1 hypertension (group 1) and 120 patients with stage 2 hypertension (group 2) followed a 3-month physical exercise program. The following parameters were measured: systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, heart rate, pulse wave velocity. For group 1 there were sta-tistically significant differences for all the tested parameters after the 3-month program (decreased systolic blood pressure, heart rate, pulse pressure and pulse wave velocity, p< 0.0001; lower diastolic blood pressure, p=0.018)). In group 2 all the tested parameters had decreased values after the 3-month rehabilitation program. However, only for the pulse wave velocity there was recorded a statistically significant reduction after the exercise program (p< 0.001). There were significant direct correlations between total cholesterol and pulse wave velocity for group 1 at both initial (p=0.024) and final assessments (p=0.03), and for group 2 patients at the 3-month assessment (p=0.001). A medium-term physical exercise program improved the cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure, arte-rial stiffness) in hypertensive patients.
Predicting 6-month modified Rankin Scale score in stroke patients
Authors: Bârsan Ioana Cristina , Iluţ Silvina , Tohănean Nicoleta , Pop Raluca Maria , Vesa Ştefan Cristian , Ciumărnean Lorena , Macarie Antonia Eugenia , Perju-Dumbravă Lăcrămioara
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to identify predictors of 6-month outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). A prospective observational cohort study was conducted on 277 AIS patients admitted to the Neurology Departments of Cluj-Napoca Emergency County Clinical Hospital between December 2020 and July 2021. After excluding those lost to follow-up or who withdrew due to COVID-19 concerns, 121 patients were followed for six months. Data collected included demographic details, clinical assessments (including NIHSS and mRS scores), laboratory tests, and imaging results. The study found significant differences between patients with mild/moderate disability (mRS 0-3) and those with severe disability (mRS 4-5) at six months. Age, heart failure, NIHSS score, resistin levels, C-reactive protein, and lesion volume were significantly associated with worse outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that heart failure was an independent predictor of severe disability, increasing the risk by over seven times. Specific clinical and biochemical markers at admission may be able to predict long-term functional outcomes in AIS patients, which may inform individualized patient management and rehabilitation strategies.
Working Paper 54: Targeting illicit wealth through non-conviction based forfeiture
Authors: Solórzano Oscar
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the wide variety of non-conviction based (NCB) forfeiture laws in Latin America, with a special focus on the region’s predominant model, Extinción de dominio. It argues that NCB forfeiture legislation, which allows for the recovery of stolen assets outside of criminal proceedings, can contribute significantly to a state’s policy response to rampant economic and organised crime. The paper emphasises the importance of critically reviewing and harmonising domestic practices of NCB forfeiture aroundemerging standards, so that they can reach their large potential. Ensuring their alignment with international human rights and other recognised norms and rules ultimately builds trust, lends legitimacy and fosters judicial cooperation in international NCB forfeiture cases. 
About this report
This paper is published as part of the Basel Institute on Governance Working Paper series, ISSN: 2624-9650. You may share or republish the Working Paper under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Suggested citation: Solórzano, Oscar. 2024. ‘Targeting illicit wealth through non-conviction based forfeiture: Identifying human rights and other standards for Latin America.’ Working Paper 54, Basel Institute on Governance. Available at: baselgovernance.org/publications/wp-54.
Disclaimer
This Working Paper is intended for general informational purposes and does not constitute and/or substitute legal or other professional advice. The contents are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views and the official position of the Basel Institute on Governance, its donors and partners, or the University of Basel.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Key Factors of Burnout Among Tunisian Oncology Nurses
Authors: Ben Safta ines , Fekih Romdhane Feten , Slimane Maher , Tarek Ben Dhiab
Published: October 2024

Background Nurses play an essential role in patient care, and nurse-patient relationship are a fundamental aspect of healthcare delivery. Research has indicated that oncology nurses are particularly susceptible to burnout. However, there is limited research on nurse burnout in oncology, particularly in the Arab Muslim world. Objective This study aimed to investigate burnout among oncology nurses and analyze its association with professional and sociodemographic factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with oncology nurses at the Salah Azaiz Institute. We assessed socio-demographic data, work variables, job satisfaction, and burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results Of the nurses surveyed, 78 responded correctly to the questionnaire. The median age of participants was 37 years, with a predominance of females (52.6%). The median duration of oncology work was 11 years. Regarding job satisfaction, 30.8% were somewhat dissatisfied, and 24.4% were not satisfied. The prevalence of burnout was 89.9%, with 73.1% experiencing high levels of emotional exhaustion, 48.7% high levels of depersonalization, and 25.6% a low level of personal accomplishment. Personal medical and psychiatric history, along with job satisfaction, emerged as the strongest predictors of burnout in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion This study highlights the significant prevalence of burnout among nurses in oncology settings. In Tunisia, there is an urgent need to prioritize the psychological well-being of oncology nurses. Preventive strategies should emphasize enhancing working conditions to reduce these risks.
The Value of Applying Big Data Analytics in Health Supply Chain Management
Authors: Al Nuaimi Dina , Awofeso Niyi
Published: October 2024

The use of big data analytics (BDAs) allows for the collection, management, and analysis of large volumes of data, which helps in making real-time decisions. This study aims to assess how the application of BDA impacts the performance of healthcare supply chain management (HCSCMP). Through a systematic literature review, the research explores how BDA enhances efficiency within healthcare supply chains (HCSCs) and identifies the critical factors enabling successful BDA implementation. A comprehensive search strategy was employed to analyze 65 papers, resulting in the inclusion of 39 studies published between 2016 and 2023. The review revealed a preference for literature reviews and questionnaires as the primary research methods. The findings indicate that BDA significantly improves HCSCs' efficiency, particularly in real-time decision-making and operational management. However, successful BDA implementation depends on addressing critical enablers and overcoming associated challenges.
Twelve tips for integrating Virtual Reality Simulation into Health Professions Curricula
Authors: Finn Yvonne , Smyth Siobhan
Published: October 2024

Virtual reality simulation (VRS) has the potential to disrupt and transform current understandings and practices in simulation-based education in health professions curricula. Recent technological developments, including AI applications, give the learner high levels of immersion into a virtual environment that even more closely mimic the real world than heretofore. At the same time, there are significant obstacles facing educators who strive to integrate VRS into their simulation curricula. We have written a VRS handbook for nurse educators, developed VR scenarios and delivered VRS workshops to undergraduate nursing students. Our twelve tips are aimed at undergraduate curriculum developers and simulation leaders, guiding them on how to support educators in integrating VRS into their curricula. The tips describe key considerations to be addressed in the development and integration of VRS into curricula. The tips are timely, as health professions education is on the cusp of entering technology-enhanced simulation, of which VRS will be a key player.
The genome sequence of an ant, Lasius platythorax Seifert, 1991
Authors: Edwards Mike ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female ant, Lasius platythorax (Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Formicidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 288.70 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 15 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 20.73 kilobases in length.
Formation of Elementary Mathematical Concepts in Children with Disabilities (with Visual Impairment)
Authors: Vasil'eva O.
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study is to improve the math skills of preschool children (5-7 years old) with visual impairment. In this context, it is expected that the target behavior of children with visual impairment will be changed through the creation of a specialized educational space that promotes the formation of mathematical abilities, arithmetic skills, creativity, ability to plan and organize their activities.

The research group consists of 48 preschool children (5-7 years old) with visual impairments. The study was conducted in the fall of the 2023-2024 school year. During the study, the preschoolers received eight weeks of training to improve math skills. The study found that numeracy and math skills in preschool children with visual impairments had a positive effect on cognitive development, fine motor skills, and motivation to learn.
An Epic Situation Immersion Method as a Means of Forming and Correcting the Teenagers’ Value Orientation
Authors: Mironov A.
Published: October 2024

Russian heroic folk sagas (byliny) have been a central element of Folk Education as a distinct genre of folklore that actively shaped and refined the listener’s value system, influencing their perception of the world and their moral compass. The folk epic storytelling was a multifaceted cultural practice, incorporating pedagogical and psychotherapeutic functions.This practice promoted Christian teachings, instilled social norms, fostered a sense of national pride, emphasized the importance of family and tradition, and encouraged care for the less fortunate, including widows, orphans, and the impoverished. Based on an entertaining form of students’ acquaintance with important events of Russian history, heroes and traditions, an epic situation immersion method confronts the task of moral choice, which they solve together with the epic heroes. This method contributes to students’ cognitive abilities, imaginative development, moral character, and appreciation for their country and ancestors.
Does Employing Skilled Immigrants Enhance Competitive Performance? Evidence from European Football Clubs
Authors: Glennon Britta , Morales Francisco , Carnahan Seth , Hernández Exequiel
Published: October 2024

We investigate the effect of employing skilled immigrants on the competitive performance of organizations by studying European football (soccer) clubs in Germany, Italy, France, England, and Spain from 1990 to 2020. Microdata from this setting offers unusual transparency about players’ birthplaces and their contributions to organizational performance. Further, country-level rules govern how many immigrant players clubs can deploy. Using changes to these rules as the basis for instrumental variables, we find that the number of immigrant players in the club’s starting lineup has a positive local average treatment effect on the club’s performance. We show that this occurs for two related reasons. First, immigrants exhibit higher individual talent. Second, immigrants play a coordinating role that enables the organization to broaden the variety of on-field strategies and actions it uses to outperform rivals. The latter mechanism is novel to the literature.

This paper was accepted by Olav Sorenson, organizations.

Funding: F. Morales acknowledges research funding from Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, Chile (Fondecyt de Iniciación) [Grant 11200342].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.03356 .
Titania Nanoparticles Modified with Nitrogen: Enhanced Visible-light Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: M. Gurulakshmi  , P. Vijayan  , C. Suresh  , K. Shanthi
Published: October 2024

Titanium dioxide (TiO2), for instance, is one of the most popular and promising materials in heterogeneous photocatalytic application. Several attempts have been made to induce bathochromic (red) shifts of the band gap of Titania in order to utilize the solar light. In this study we have reported the synthesis of nitrogen doped TiO2 nanoparticles by sol-gel method using urea and ammonia as the nitrogen source and by direct oxidation of TiN were tested for visible-light photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and phenol. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption desorption studies, X-ray diffraction and Diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy techniques. The chemically modified TiO2 shows strong absorption for visible light and high activities for the degradation of methylene blue and phenol aqueous solution. The presence of two different surface states characteristics of Pure and nitrogen doped TiO2 was confirmed by the shift in absorption from 398 nm to 405 nm and 409 nm from the DRUV-Visible spectral results. The spherical morphology of the catalysts was observed from the SEM images.
Analysis of Pulse Modulation Schemes in Underwater Communication Using Different Laser Sources
Authors: Y. P. Arultean  , P. Suresh  , T. V. S. Pillai
Published: October 2024

Under sea optical communication provides huge benefit in data transmission. The optical beam passing through the sea water mainly suffers of particle concentration of salty and other impurities present in it. The water wave movement inside the sea also obstructs healthy signal flow in sea water. To study the effect of sea water communication to the optical signal getting through it, test bench sea water like module has been built. Real time optical signal modulated by different pulse modulation schemes (PAM, PPM, PWM) are set to flow through the undersea water module. At the receiver end the signal is demodulated and measured for 3dB bandwidth, phase jitter and time jitter. The experimentation is repeated for each pulse modulation scheme by varying the concentration of salty particle impurities Using Red laser. Jitter observed in pulse position modulation is very low (9.8373 radians) compared to other pulse modulation schemes making it most preferable for under sea water optical communication. Also, this paper compares the performance measures of using different wavelength lasers such as red and green LASER.
Alfven Wave Instabilities Related with Excess Charge as a Source of Jovian Magnetospheric Micropulsations
Authors: M. Altaf  , M. M. Ahmad
Published: October 2024

Hydromagnetic wave instabilities (Alfven wave instabilities, the physical picture of this instability is given in terms of wave-wave interaction) excited by an electron or ion beam passing through IO tours in the Jovian magnetosphere has been studied in the case of low wave frequency and small wave number in the presence of excess charge in the media. It has been obtained that the excess charge near IO has the dominant role in modifying the Alfvan wave instabilities in comparison to the other parameters. The central frequency of this instability is lying within the range of micropulsations for the presence of excess charge of 10-3 times the ambient plasma in the Jovian magnetosphere. Hence this excited Alfvan wave instabilities is the one of the possible generation mechanism for the micro-pulsations recorded by Voyager 1 and 2 in the Jovian Magnetosphere.
Applications of Fluorescent Makers
Authors: K. Silpa  , G. S. Shilpa  , P. Ramani
Published: October 2024

Fluorescent bio-markers study opens up new era in biological sciences. Bio-markers are sensors or detectors indicating these verity or presence of diseases, physiological state of anorganism. Biomarkers are highly region specific which recognizes infected cells. Body temperature itself act as a biomarker in the case off ever and cholesterol value is for coronary and vascular diseases. In this article we present various types of markers as measurable indicator for genetic disorders focusing on progress of disease, effectiveness of drugs, disease prevent ion and drug target identification for drug response.