bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wave-shaped depreciation of rails on tram transport
Authors: Dudkin Evgeniy , Homyakov Yaroslav , Kakovko Dmitriy
Published: December 2024

Purpose: to consider the problem of wave-shaped depreciation of rails on tram transport. A review of research on the problem of wave-shaped wear of rails and current regulatory documentation. The study of modern methods of combating wave-like wear and measures to prevent or reduce its manifestation. Understanding the causes and mechanisms of rail corrugation in order to develop effective strategies and measures to ensure the safety and reliability of tram services, increase the service life of infrastructure and reduce the cost of its maintenance and repair. Methods: analysis of scientific literature and research papers on the topic of rail corrugation. Generalization and systematization of information about the causes of wave-like wear, its effect on the operation of the wheel-rail system and methods of combating it. Description of the historical aspects of studying the problem of wave-like wear and modern approaches to its solution. Identification and analysis of measures aimed at reducing corrugation and improving the efficiency of tram transport. Presentation of recommendations on improving the regulatory framework and improving the safety of tram traffic. Results: the causes of rail corrugation are summarized, its features are considered. The need to improve the regulatory framework for the maintenance of tramways is indicated. Measures are given to extend the service life of rails and prevent the development of corrugation. Practical importance: the article is a systematic study of the problem of wave-shaped depreciation of rail in tram transport, which can be used by specialists in this field to develop effective methods of rationing this phenomenon and combating it. The results obtained can also be useful for students and teachers of transport universities studying the issues of operation and maintenance of rail transport.
The synergy effect of transport connectivity of supply chains along the routes of the international transport corridor “North — South”: scenario analysis
Authors: Zhuravleva Natal'ya , Kryukova Tat'yana
Published: December 2024

International transport corridors (ITC), as the main element of the formation of a new geo-economics, are becoming the most important object of research and development. Their impact on the economic growth of the countries adjacent to the routes, on the efficiency of cargo owners, transport operators, carriers, and infrastructure owners has no clear theoretical or empirical estimates. The purpose of this study is to substantiate and calculate the synergy effect indicator of transport connectivity of the North – South ITC, namely, to assess the maximum volumes of cargo transported along all ITC routes, taking into account the factors limiting its throughput and carrying capacity. Research methods: the scenario forecast for the development of the ITC was obtained by sampling — scenario distribution. In calculating the indicators for assessing the economic effects of the ITC routes, the method of comparing digital data with risk factors limiting rail freight flows was used. The analysis of the distance matrix for three ITC routes was used. The forecast of the estimated indicators is made by the method of dynamic analysis of successive series of indicators of rail freight transportation, characterizing each route, their changes over time. Results: based on the following indicators: throughput and carrying capacity of the ITC railway infrastructure; sustainable development index of the countries of the region; logistics index (customs and border clearance; quality of trade and transport infrastructure); “transportation costs” — the contingency effects were calculated, reflecting the maximum volumes of transported goods, taking into account the connectivity of infrastructure and modes of transport along all routes of the North – South ITC. Practical significance: scenario calculation of contingency effects along the ITC routes can be used in projects for he development of the transport and logistics infrastructure of the ITC, since it allows assessing the effects of growth in freight throughput.
Testing the methodology for justifying the service life of freight cars based on the results of analog car testing
Authors: Cyganskaya Lyudmila , Hamraeva El'mira , Narkizova Ekaterina
Published: December 2024

Purpose: the development and implementation of advanced load-bearing metal structures for bodies and frames, the unification of elements and assemblies using the most proven designs in operation, the technological refinement of individual elements, systems, and subsystems of cars; improving reliability, maintainability, and enhancing maintenance systems for rolling stock raises the issue of determining the service life of freight cars, considering the economic aspects of production and operation. Method: to confirm the service life of freight cars, an assessment and comparison of the results of durability and operational dynamicstrength tests of analog cars are carried out, as well as digital modeling in the “Universal Mechanism” software package. Results: as a result of testing this methodology, the service life of the 19-1272-01 model hopper car, which is 32 years, was confirmed. Practical Significance: the testing of the service life justification methodology was carried out on hopper cars of models 19-1272-01 and 19-1298 produced by JSC “Ruzkhimmash”.
Creation of criteria for economic security of an enterprise based on the risk accounting methodology Value at Risk
Authors: Syueke Nyu
Published: December 2024

Purpose: to demonstrate the application of the VaR risk analysis methodology when such risks arise. Methods: statistical models based on modeling of economic processes of the enterprise. Results: in accordance with the conducted research, it was revealed that in modern conditions, the economic security threats to food industry enterprises are increasing. It was revealed that the directions of emergence of new threats and problems coincide with the creation of economic security criteria based on modern research economic and statistical tools, one of which is the Value at Risk (VaR) method — value at risk. Modern methods of risk determination were applied, and the author's methodology for adapting these methods to modern conditions for a food enterprise to establish threshold values of economic security criteria was developed. The concept of economic security has been clarified taking into account the modern world realities of the use of both “hard” and “soft” power by global competitors, taking into account the socialist nature of production, characteristic of the object of study, a Chinese meat processing plant in connection with ensuring factors of general well-being of the population, the dense population of the country, achieving sustainable development goals while saving costs, the connection of the security of an individual enterprise with the economic and food security of the entire country. The terminology of economic security has been clarified taking into account the modern world realities of the use of both “hard” and “soft” power by global competitors, taking into account the socialist nature of production, characteristic of the object of study, a Chinese meat processing plant, in connection with ensuring factors of general well-being of the population, the dense population of the country, achieving sustainable development goals while saving costs, the connection of the security of an individual enterprise with the economic and food security of the entire country. Practical importance: the developed methods for increasing economic security, created on the basis of the Value at Risk risk accounting methodology, economi security criteria of the enterprise expand and supplement the information base and statistical data on economic security risk management and threat elimination in conditions of economic uncertainty and destruction of the value of a regional food industry enterprise for breeding stock and meat processing.
On the causes of shell deformation in tank car boilers for viscous petroleum products
Authors: Cyganskaya Lyudmila , Beyn Dmitriy , Atamanchuk Natal'ya
Published: December 2024

Purpose: the existing problem of detected damages to tank car boilers during operation due to loss of stability requires new approaches to both theoretical and practical assessment of possible causes of such damages. The evaluation of the combination of various factors, including the impact of shape deviation of the boiler during its manufacture, on the possibility of loss of stability during operation is of particular relevance. Method: to determine the causes of boiler deformation, stability calculations were performed on the boiler. All calculations were conducted for actual thicknesses determined by measurement and thickness gauging.A tank car model with the minimum measured thicknesses was selected for modeling. Calculations were carried out under the action of the standard external pressure value and under excessive external pressure values. Results: stability calculations of the boiler with the actually measured thicknesses under the influence of external excess pressure showed that loss of stability in the boiler: without shape deviation under the action of the standard external excess pressure of 40 kPa was not detected; with local defects from welding under the action of the standard external excess pressure of 40 kPa was not detected; without local welding defects but with a global shape deviation of the boiler under the action of external excess pressure of 40 kPa is possible with a relative ovality of about 2.7 %; without global shape deviation of the boiler, it is possible under the influence of excessive external pressure of 79 kPa and above. Practical significance: possible causes of boiler instability during operation were identified. The cause of boiler instability may be a global shape deviation of the boiler with a relative ovality of about 2.7 %; the effect of excessive external pressure of 79 kPa and above, which is possible due to a violation of the tank car unloading process; a combination of global shape deviation of the boiler and the effect of excessive external pressure due to a violation of the tank car unloading process.
Stability of rail track geometry in transition sections
Authors: Shehtman Evgeniy , Chernyaeva Viktoriya , Igoshev Ivan , Chuprynin Aleksandr
Published: December 2024

A study of the quality and heterogeneity of ballast compaction in the transverse (along the sleeper) direction as a reason for the decrease in the stability of the track gauge geometry, and consideration of design and technological solutions for transition sections in order to increase the stability of the track gauge geometry and prevent an intensification of the growth in the number of track disorders. Purpose: transition sections. Methods: stamp testing of ballast layer material, statistical data analysis. Results: the results of measuring the deformation modulus of the sleeper base, studying the non-uniform elasticity, assessing the quality and homogeneity of the compaction of the sleeper base for various designs of railway tracks are presented, and design and technological solutions for transition sections are considered. Practical importance: the article presents design and technological solutions for transition sections aimed at reducing the period of stabilization of the ballast layer of transition sections; increasing the period of normal operation, taking into account the current dynamic loads arising due to the presence of joints, dynamic irregularities, non-uniform elasticity of the railway track, non-uniform compaction of the ballast prism of transition sections; ensuring the uniform elasticity of the ballast layer of transition sections.
To the issue of modernization of Ulaanbaatar railroad
Authors: Serebryakov Dmitriy , Bahyt Zhumagali
Published: December 2024

Purpose: analysis of the problem of the development of transport relations between Russia, Mongolia and China. Development of the border regions of the Russian Federation. Development of economic cooperation and strengthening of regional interconnection between Russia, Mongolia and China. Increasing the capacity and modernization of the Ulaanbaatar railroad infrastructure. Reconstruction of small artificial structures. Methods: a review of information from various sources on the construction of the Ulaanbaatar railroad, the current state of the main line, the prospects of development and the need to modernize the infrastructure was carried out. The source materials obtained from the owners of the infrastructure of the Ulan-Bator railroad were analyzed. Results: the article shows the advantages for the development of friendly relations between Russia, Mongolia and China in the case of modernization of the Ulaanbaatar railway. Modern design options of small artificial structures are proposed. Practical importance: the material obtained by the authors allows us to continue practical work on the further development and modernization of the Ulaanbaatar Railway, including potential infrastructure upgrades, improving conditions for passenger and cargo transportation. The practical implementation of solutions for the significant development of the Trans Mongolian Railway will lead to an unconditional improvement in the transport situation of one of the most important international corridors. As a result of attracting investments for the development of the transport system between the Russian Federation, Mongolia and the People's Republic of China, further development of trade, tourism and improvement of this important railway hub is expected, which also provides access to other Central Asian countries, providing opportunities for expanding economic cooperation and social development in the region
Approaches to formalization of organizational and technological tasks of integration of artificial intelligence into the management system of JSC “Russian Railways”
Authors: Kazakevich Elena , Bogdanov Alexander
Published: December 2024

Annotation: the issues of automation of the processes of collection, storage, transmission, analytical processing of information in the interests of improving the quality of management decisions in the railway management system, as well as the introduction of artificial intelligence systems in relation to the management bodies of Russian Railways are considered. Purpose: formalization of regulatory approaches for the implementation of artificial intelligence systems. Methods: harmonization, system analysis, simplex planning. Results: in the course of the research, approaches to the regulation of regulatory and legal measures have been identified that allow the development and improvement of NTDs based on unified approaches. Practical significance: the definition of approaches to the regulation of regulatory and legal measures will allow specialists involved in system design, development, implementation, operation of AI systems, developers of standards, as well as specialists of regulatory authorities, to improve the regulatory framework based on unified approaches, and developers of AI technologies will allow them to form new requirements for software and hardware being developed.
IMPLEMENTATION OF AS-SULUH AS AN ALTERNATIVE SHARIA BUSINESS DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN INDONESIAN LEGISLATION
Authors: M. Arif Al Kausari  , Jaya Miharja
Published: December 2024

This research aims to explain the application of the as-sulh concept contained in the study of Islamic law in the form of sharia business dispute resolution in accordance with the context of existing laws and regulations in Indonesia. The research method used in this research is normative-descriptive with a statute approach. The findings of this research are that the as-sulh principle emphasizes the principle of peace carried out in a wider scope, both in terms of politics, family and business relations. Meanwhile, in the legal system in Indonesia, the concept of as-sulh is known in the form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in the form of consultation, negotiation, mediation, reconciliation and expert opinion with characteristics that are different from each other.
TINJAUAN HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH TERHADAP SEWA MENYEWA TANAH SECARA BERUNTUN DI DESA TAMAN SARI KECAMATAN GUNUNG SARI KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT
Authors: Muhammad Firman Hidayat  , Muhammad Nor
Published: December 2024

This study aims to explain the practice of consecutive land leases in Taman Sari Village, Central Lombok Regency in the perspective of Islamic economic law. The research method used in this study is field research with a qualitative approach. While the research findings, In practice, consecutive land leases carried out by land owners and tenants are carried out directly with an unwritten agreement pattern, but only verbally. In the event that an agreement has been made and mutually agreed upon, the tenant has the right to use the land according to his wishes with a period of time that has been mutually agreed upon. While the principle of ijarah (rent) in Islam. When the lease period ends, the land that has been used will automatically return to the landowner without redemption or payment of the rental fee that has been issued by the tenant being returned. The tenant is also not allowed to re-rent goods that are not his own to other people.
GAYA HIDUP MASYARAKAT DAN MINAT BELI PAKAIAN BEKAS (THRIFT) DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: Nabilla Dara Kartika  , Romi Adetio Setiawan  , Padlim Hanif
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the evolving lifestyle trends that have influenced consumer preferences for secondhand clothing, commonly known as “thrift.” The study aims to comprehend how lifestyle choices and costumer interests contribute to the practice of thrifting within the community, while also exploring the Islamic economic perspective on these lifestyle choices and consumer interests related to secondhand clothing utilization (thrift). Employing a qualitative research approach, the study focuses on observasing and analyzing thrifting activities at the Panorama Market in Bengkulu city as its research context. The findings reveal that lifestyle plays a pivotal role in shaping consumer interest in secondhand clothing, with community lifestyle choices exerting a positive influences on this interest. Primary factors driving this interest include affordability considerations, the reliability of product quality, alignment with fashion trends, social influence from the thrifting, community, and positive purchasing experiences. Furthermore, the Islamic economic perspetive offers valuable insights and guidance in understanding this phenomenon.
Synthesis, single crystal structure, and Hirshfeld surface of (E)-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-((3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)benzohydrazide
Authors: Özşanli Hanifi , Saral Çakmak Sude , Çoruh Ufuk , Karakuş Sevgi , Vazquez-Lopez Ezequiel M
Published: December 2024

A hydrazide-hydrazone derivative, (E)-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) amino)benzohydrazide, was synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2/n, with lattice parameters: a = 21.0586(8) Å, b = 8.1969(3) Å, c = 21.6475(10) Å, and β = 92.886(2)°.
Within a single crystal cell, two crystallographically independent asymmetric molecules are present. These molecules are chemically identical but display a non-planar geometric molecular structure. The crystal structure was stabilized by C–H⋯O and C–H⋯N hydrogen bonds, which facilitate intermolecular interactions that form a three-dimensional network. The presence of effective hydrogen bond donors and acceptors contribute to the formation of a tightly interconnected three-dimensional structure. Additionally, Hirshfeld surface analysis was conducted to examine potential hydrogen bonding and spatial arrangement of atoms. This analysis quantified hydrogen bond interaction and identified atoms likely to participate in such interactions. Alongside stabilization by strong hydrogen bonds, π⋯π interactions significantly influence the packing arrangement, with interactions among the phenyl rings observable through shape index and curvedness diagrams.
Quantification of diclofenac in natural waters by the photo-induced fluorescence (PIF) method
Authors: Bakhoum Jean-Marie , Mbaye Olivier Maurice Aly , Bakhoum Јean Pierre , Gaye-Seye Mame Diabou , Trellu Clément , Coly Atanasse , Aaron Jean-Jacques
Published: December 2024

A photo-induced fluorescence (PIF) method was developed for the quantification of diclofenac sodium, sodium 2-[2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)phenyl]acetate (NaDCF), in natural waters. Since diclofenac is not naturally fluorescent, its photoconversion under UV irradiation was carried out to produce highly fluorescent photoproduct(s) in various media (water, methanol, isopropanol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and a water-isopropanol mixture). The photoproduct responsible for the intense fluorescence of NaDCF in aqueous media was identified as chloro-carbazole by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Several PIF parameters were optimized. Using the PIF method, a highly fluorescent diclofenac photoproduct was obtained at λex/λem = 235/360 nm, with optimum fluorescence achieved after 10 min irradiation in a water-isopropanol mixture (90:10 v/v). The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for diclofenac sodium in this medium were 0.11 ng ml–1 and 0.37 ng ml–1, respectively, with low relative standard deviation (RSD) values. The PIF calibration curves demonstrated good linearity, extending over one to three orders of magnitude, with correlation coefficients (R2) near unity, indicating good reproducibility. Analytical applications of this method to natural water samples yielded satisfactory results, with average recovery rates ranging from 84.77 to 101.72 %.
Assessment of volatile organic compounds in indoor environments across North Macedonia and Kosovo using passive sampling
Authors: Mula Vllaznim , Bogdanov Jane , Petreska Stanoeva Jasmina , Zeneli Lulzim , Berisha Avni , Zdravkovski Zoran
Published: December 2024

Humans are exposed to various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact, potentially leading to adverse health consequences. In this study, the distribution of vari-ous VOCs in indoor air in North Macedonia and Kosovo was investigated for the first time. From March to December 2023, the monthly relative abundance of VOCs was monitored using Radiello® pas-sive/diffusive samplers, followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC MS) analysis.A total of 60 samples were collected from 17 sites, where over 70 individual VOCs belonging to several classes were identified. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) compounds were the most abundant in the chemical stockroom, contributing up to 77.84 % of the total VOC relative abun-dance. In the printing store/workplace, alkylbenzenes were predominant, comprising 69.72 %. Alcohols and ethers were primarily detected in the coffee shop, whereas organosiloxanes were dominant in the hair salon, accounting for 33.87 % and 54.46 % of the total VOCs, respectively. Terpenes were a significant component in the meat factory, representing 65.78 % of the total VOCs, while hydrocarbons were most prevalent in the oil & lubricants store, accounting for 58.23%. Halogenated compounds were primarily found in the superstore, constituting 20.42 % of total VOCs. The VOC composition results indicate that their presence in indoor environments may pose both acute and chronic health risks.
Lifestyle changes overweighing technology improvement in household decarbonization: evidence from Japan during 1990-2020
Authors: Ita Sayaka , Washizu Ayu , Ju Yiyi
Published: December 2024

Given that over 70% of global greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) stem from consumption, it is essential to promote lifestyle changes among end users and reduce emissions embedded in the upstream supply chain. We investigated the long-term (1990-2020) changes in household carbon footprints from such final users in Japan. Through factor decomposition, we found that the contribution of increasingly green technologies to household decarbonization is diminishing with time. In contrast, lifestyle changes - such as the shift to green products and services, as well as a reduction in overall demand - are becoming the main driver. Additionally, unlike most developed countries, the share of GHG emissions from food expenditures in Japan does not show a declining trend, highlighting the need to upgrade the domestic food supply chain and promote smart services for decarbonizing both homemade meals and eat-out preferences. Our long-term database can provide references to encourage sustainable behaviors and help Japanese policymakers evaluate the effectiveness of current efforts.
N-heterocyclic carbene coordinated single atom catalysts on C2N for enhanced nitrogen reduction
Authors: Lu Wenming , Zheng Dian , Ye Daifei , Peng Jiasheng , Gong Xiaxia , Xu Jing , Liu Wei
Published: December 2024

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) coordination provide an effective strategy for enhancing nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) performance by modulating the electronic properties of the metal active sites. In this work, we designed a novel NHC-coordinated SAC by embedding transition metals (TM) into a two-dimensional C2N-based nanomaterial (TM@C2N-NCM) and evaluated the NRR catalytic performance using a combination of density functional theory and machine learning. A multi-step screening identified eight high-performance catalysts (TM = Nb, Fe, Mn, W, V, Ta, Zr, Ti), with Nb@C2N-NCM showing the best performance (limiting potential = -0.29 V). All catalysts demonstrated lower limiting potential values compared to their TM@graphene-NCM counterparts, revealing the effectiveness of the C2N substrate in enhancing catalytic activity. Machine learning analysis achieved high predictive accuracy (coefficient of determination = 0.91; mean absolute error = 0.19) and identified final step protonation (S6), Mendeleev number (Nm), and d-electron count (Nd) as key factors influencing catalytic performance. This study offers valuable insights into the rational design of NHC-coordinated SACs and highlights the potential of C2N-based nanomaterials for advancing high-performance NRR electrocatalysts.
The influence of website use on brand awareness and its sub factors: A Zimbabwean polytechnics perspective
Authors: Bhebe Bekimpilo , Van Eyk Marlé , Potgieter Adele
Published: December 2024

The increased digital acumen among students has necessitated institutions to adopt digital marketing platforms such as websites to enhance brand awareness for competitive advantage purposes. The study therefore investigated the influence of website use on brand awareness and its sub-factors in the Zimbabwean polytechnic context. The study adopted the positivist paradigm, a descriptive research design and is quantitative in nature. A self-administered online questionnaire was used to collect primary data and through convenience sampling, 492 valid and reliable responses were collected. The collected data was analysed using descriptive analysis and inferential statistics. The empirical results indicated a statistically significant relationship between website use and brand awareness, specifically when looking at the brand awareness sub-factors of top-of-mind and brand recall in the context of Zimbabwean polytechnics. However, a statistically insignificant relationship was noted between website use and brand recognition. The study proposed contributions to polytechnic marketers on website use to enhance brand awareness for their institutions to ensure competitive advantage. The empirically tested model provides a basis for future research in the marketing of polytechnics.
Exploring the role of halal awareness in the link between religiosity, Halal logos, and consumer choices
Authors: Setiawan Arie , Rohman Fatchur , Ismail Taufiq
Published: December 2024

In the era of globalization and increasing awareness of health and product halal status, studies on halal product purchasing decisions are becoming increasingly important. The demand for halal products continues to rise along with the strengthening of consumers' religious beliefs through knowledge about the importance of halal. This research focuses on a halal product, Bipang Jangkar in Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia, which was affected by a viral debate regarding Bipang Ambawang, a West Kalimantan specialty made from pork, after it was promoted as a holiday food by President Jokowi in 2021. Concerns arose that this debate could influence the sales of Bipang Jangkar, despite being very different from Bipang Ambawang. This study aims to clarify the role of halal awareness as a mediator in the influence of religiosity and halal logo on purchasing decisions. The respondents in this study were Bipang Jangkar consumers in Pasuruan. A total of 170 samples were obtained through online questionnaires. The data in this study were analyzed using SEM-PLS through the SmartPLS 3 program. The results of this study indicate that all hypotheses are accepted, except for the influence of religiosity on purchasing decisions and the role of halal awareness as a mediator of the halal logo's influence on purchasing decisions.
Organisational culture and its influence on employees' attitude towards organisational change in a developing country setting
Authors: Monyai Dakalo Precious , Mitonga-Monga Jeremy , Makhubele Boitumelo Winny
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to investigate the influence of organisational culture on employee attitudes towards organisational change in a South African state-owned enterprise. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a random sample (n = 373) of employees at a state-owned enterprise. The Organisational Culture Questionnaire (OCQ) and the Employee Attitudes to Organisational Change Scale were evaluated. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to determine the influence of organisational culture on employee attitudes towards organisational change. The findings indicate that organisational culture is related positively and significantly to employees' attitudes towards organisational change. Furthermore, the results indicate that organisational culture influences employees' attitudes towards change. The findings provide new evidence that an organisation that promotes positive organisational culture practices influences employee behaviour and attitudes positively towards organisational change in a South African government organisation.
Offenders’ experiences of instructional methods used in the Johannesburg Female Correctional Centre in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Sivhidzho Mulalo
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the instructional methods used in the correctional school and during rehabilitation programmes at the Johannesburg Female Correctional Centre in Johannesburg, South Africa. It further explored how those instructional methods influence offenders' learning experiences. Anchored in the positivism paradigm, a quantitative approach was followed, and a cross-sectional survey design was used. The enumeration sampling technique was used due to the small size of the population (n = 571). Data were collected from 402 participants who were sentenced offenders, yielding a response rate of 70.40%. A Kolb Learning Style Inventory was used to collect data. Version 26.0.0 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed as part of data analysis. The results show that during classes and during rehabilitation programmes, classroom discussion was the most common instructional method, and this was found to be appropriate to the participants’ learning experiences. Lecturing was the second most used instructional method for both the Correctional Centre school and the rehabilitation programmes. It was also found to be relevant to the participants’ learning experiences. It is recommended that the Johannesburg Female Correctional Centre formulate and implement a strategy that seeks to deliberately provide variations of instructional methods to accommodate different learning styles if these do not compromise the security within the facility. Teachers/facilitators can use varied techniques to stimulate offenders’ enthusiasm and participation during the sessions. It is further recommended that the Department of Correctional Services should offer professional development opportunities for educators to develop capacity to utilise diverse teaching techniques and create feedback mechanisms to assess instructional effectiveness for offenders. The Department of Correctional Service must further consider developing a framework for monitoring instructional effectiveness or guidelines for integrating new teaching techniques.
Digital transformation in the recruitment process: Revealing Gen Z's interest in career opportunities
Authors: Meiliyah Ariani  , Zulhawati
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the influence of social media use, technology utilization, and e-recruitment on the interest of Generation Z in career opportunities in applying for jobs. Gen Z has a high reliance on technology and social media, which has an impact on the way they search for and apply for jobs. The method used in this study is a quantitative method. The data source in this study uses primary data. The data collection technique uses a google form questionnaire. The population in this study is active students who take their TA thesis. Even 2023/2024 at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Prof. Moestopo University (Religious). The sample in this study is 30 people. The sampling method is random sampling. The data analysis in this study uses multiple linear regression using validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test and t-hypothesis test and determination coefficient test. The results of the study show that the use of social media, the use of technology, and e-recruitment have a positive influence on Generation Z's interest in career opportunities in applying for jobs. Social media plays a role in disseminating vacancy information widely. Generation Z relies heavily on social media as a source of information and a means to explore career opportunities. Technology, such as online job search platforms, social media, and digital communication tools, provides easy access and quick information, thereby increasing their interest in finding and applying for jobs. Generation Z tends to be more interested in the recruitment process that is carried out online compared to conventional methods.
Exploring the use of Khundavhalai in Vhavenda culture
Authors: Ramavhunga Ndidzulafhi
Published: December 2024

In Vhavenda culture, a child who acts disrespectfully towards society is called “khundavhalai”, which means the one who has overcome those meant to guide them. This paper aims to explore the role of Khundavhalai in Vhavenda culture as they places a great importance on respect for elders and authority figures, and the term "khundavhalai" is frequently used to characterise a child who disobeys them. An exploratory qualitative narrative inquiry was used, and data was collected through interviews.  Purposive sampling was used to select six Vhavenda-speaking elders who were knowledgeable about the expression. Data was merged into relevant themes using thematic analysis. This study was grounded in the Sankofa and Afro-centric theory as its theoretical framework. The main findings of the study demonstrated that (i) Khundavhalai” as an expression of Vhavenda culture, (ii) “Khundavhali” refers to a lack of awareness or understanding of the customs and traditions of a particular culture and finally Khundavhalai" refers not just to the child's behaviour, but also to broader social concerns in the Vhavenda community. Preserving culture in Vhavenda and similar societies involves teaching younger generations about their cultural heritage through schools, community programs, and family practices.  Encouraging involvement in cultural events and practices to strengthen social bonds and foster a sense of identity and belonging. It’s crucial to maintain traditional practices while also adapting them to fit modern contexts, so they stay relevant and meaningful in today’s world. Neglecting indigenous practices could lead to more disobedient children and the erosion of cultural traditions, potentially causing language decline and further cultural loss.
The sustainability of entrepreneurship for economic development in South Africa
Authors: Enaifoghe Andrew
Published: December 2024

Previous studies indicate the adverse effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on entrepreneurship sustainability and socio-economic development. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic caused an economic crisis in global economies. This study acknowledged that entrepreneurship is a crucial component to consider in mitigating the aftereffects of the pandemic on economies and their recovery. The study examines the characteristics that encourage the survival of entrepreneurship in the COVID-19 pandemic environment and investigates the link between entrepreneurship and long-term development. The study evaluated the relevant literature to validate the correlations between the key variables to accomplish this goal. Given the setting of the Coronavirus pandemic, the study determines what the future of entrepreneurship will look like. The study is interested in knowing what path the entrepreneurs will choose regarding recovery. The method used to perform this study was a judgemental survey on the future trends in entrepreneurship. According to the findings, the top three positions are freelancing, internet and innovative entrepreneurship, and business globalisation, which will follow the trend in entrepreneurship. The practical implications of this research support entrepreneurs in their pursuit of new business trends.
ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK SISTEM AGROFORESTRI LAHAN GAMBUT DI KELURANGAN KALAMPANGAN
Authors: Nurlyanti Arief , Arifin Yudi Firmanul , Kissinger Kissinger
Published: December 2024

Destruction of forests and peat swamp lands in Indonesia is currently continuing, while restoration efforts have not yet produced real and satisfactory results. The rate of recovery of the peat ecosystem has still not been able to catch up with the rate of damage, which is increasingly worrying, especially due to fires that occur almost every dry season. This condition also occurs in Central Kalimantan Province, where peat ecosystem degradation has reached more than 35%. This research was conducted in Kalampangan Village, Sabangau District, Palangkaraya City, Central Kalimantan Province which is included in the Kahayan-Sebangau Peat Hydrological Unity (KHG) area. The methods used in this research were field observations, sampling in the field, making measuring plots (PU), interviews, key informants, research reports, journals, maps from the Central Kalimantan Provincial Forestry Service, data from the Central Statistics Agency. The results of the research are that the agroforestry system developed by farmers in Kalampangan Subdistrict can be classified into 6 (six) categories, namely: (1) agrisilviculture, with 4 (four) planting patterns; (2) agrosilvofishery, with 3 (three) planting patterns; (3) silvopasteur, with 3 (three) planting patterns; (4) agrofishery, with 1 (one) cultivation pattern; (5) apiculture, with 2 (two) cultivation patterns; and (6) Agropasturasilvofishery. One of the important components of the agroforestry system that has been developed by farmers in all peatland physiographies is fruit plants. The types of fruit plants that farmers have cultivated in each peatland physiography can be combined with experiences from other peat areas.
Potential of shallot peels as a daily antioxidant supplement against cigarette smoke-induced lung damage
Authors: Helianti Dina , Dewi Rosita , Munawaroh Ayu , Rachmania Sheilla , Maulana Aditha Satria , Abrori Cholis , Sumadi
Published: December 2024

Background: Cigarette smoking damages the alveoli through oxidative stress. Shallot peels containing flavonoids, especially quercetin, potentially serve as a daily antioxidant supplement to impede lung tissue damage induced by cigarette smoke. However, the maximum effective dose is yet to be determined. Objective: This research was designed to establish the maximum effective dose of shallot peel infusion (SPI) to prevent oxidative stress and histopathological lung damage induced by cigarette smoke. Methods: This experimental laboratory was a posttest-only control group design. A total of 24 male Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain, were allocated into 6 groups: a control group and 5 SPI-treated groups. All rats were exposed to 2 cigarettes/day and were treated for 28 days with aquabidest and different doses of SPI (0 mg/kgBW, 125 mg/kgBW, 250 mg/kgBW, 500 mg/kgBW, 1,000 mg/kgBW, and 2,000 mg/kgBW). The level of oxidative stress in serum was measured malondialdehyde (MDA) level with ELISA, and histopathological lung damage was estimated using the lung histopathological damage scoring method assessing inflammatory cells, alveolus lumen and inter-alveoli junction.Results: The quadratic regression analysis revealed the maximum effective dose of SPI to prevent oxidative stress and lung damage were 1,435 mg/kgBW and 1,206 mg/kgBW, respectively. In the histopathological examination of the lungs, the administration of SPI up to a dose of 1206 mg/kg BW prevents the inflammatory process caused by cigarette smoke, which is indicated by the number of inflammatory cells, the thickness of the alveolar septum, and the increasingly normal shape of the alveolar lumen.Conclusion: SPI doses of less than 1,206 mg/kgBW are safe and effective daily antioxidant supplements in rats exposed to cigarette smoke and have the potential to be further studied for application in humans.
Oral health and nutritional status of children in developing countries: A scoping review
Authors: Putriyani Yuni , Shaluhiyah Zahroh , Winarni Sri
Published: December 2024

Oral diseases, especially caries and malnutrition, are two major problems the world faces in developing countries. World Health Organization (WHO) report 2019 states that caries is the first non-communicable disease (NCD) suffered by children worldwide. In addition, malnutrition rates are still very high and most of them are in low-income countries. Many studies have suggested a relationship between oral health and children's nutritional status. However, the relationship between the two has not been consistent. Therefore, we conducted a scoping review to learn more about the relationship in developing countries. We obtained a total of 1,707 articles published in the last 10 years from two databases, Scopus and Science Direct. Ten relevant articles, written in English and published from 2015 to 2024, were reviewed and satisfied the inclusion criteria: a study about the relationship between oral health problems and nutritional status of 6 years old children and below who live in developing countries,. The 10reviewed articles were taken from eight developing countries in which nine articles used a cross-sectional design and only one article used a longitudinal cohort design. The results of the review shows that caries status studies related to nutritional status are five studies. Meanwhile, the remaining 5 articles shows no substantial relationship. In this scope, we used BMI (Body Mass Index) as an indicator for nutritional status. Further research is still needed, particularly in a longitudinal cohort design to get a clearer understanding of the causal relationship between both.
Exploring the remarkable effect of ursodeoxycholic acid and Allium sativum combination on MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels in cholestatic rat’s model
Authors: Sekartaji Anindhita Dyah , Prasetyo Sigit Adi , Muniroh Muflihatul
Published: December 2024

Background: Cholestasis is a disturbance in the production or flow of bile that causes excessive accumulation of bile fluid and damage in the liver. Chronic liver damage will lead to liver fibrosis. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitors of metalloprotease-1 (TIMP-1) play a critical role in liver fibrosis formation. Although ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and Allium sativum extracts have long been renowned for improving liver function, their combination in alleviating liver fibrosis through the MMP-9 and TIMP-1 inhibitory pathways has yet to be studied.Objective: This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of UDCA and Allium sativum extract combination in altering MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels, which are the main factors in the progression of liver fibrosis.Methods: We performed an experimental study with a post-test-only control group on 36 Sprague-Dawley rats, which were randomly grouped into healthy, negative, positive, and three treatment groups with UDCA (13.5 mg) and graded doses of Allium sativum extract (3.6 mg; 7.2 mg; and 14.4 mg). Cholestasis induction was done by a choledochal duct ligation, and treatment was given for 14 days. Levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were analyzed after treatment.Results: Combining UDCA and Allium sativum improved the MMP-9 levels significantly in cholestatic rats, compared to administrating UDCA only (p <0.05). Combining UDCA and Allium sativum increased the TIMP-1 level (p < 0.05). Although the MMP-9 level results were under our existing hypothesis, TIMP-1 results showed surprising results. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels were strongly negatively correlated with TIMP-1 levels, with a r-value= 0.981.Conclusion: Combining Allium sativum and UDCA alleviates liver fibrosis progression through lowering levels of MMP-9 and increasing levels of TIMP-1.
Intake of F-100 and honey as an effort to improve the nutritional status of children with pediatric tuberculosis
Authors: Machfudz Soeroyo , Rachmawaty Farida Juliantina , Sabila Aflifia Birruni
Published: December 2024

Background: Stunting remains a significant nutritional challenge in Indonesia. If malnutrition in children is not addressed appropriately, it can lead to stunting. Children under five years old with pediatric tuberculosis (TB) are particularly susceptible malnutrition. Specific interventions are needed to prevent stunting in this vulnerable group.Objective: The study aimed to improve the nutritional status of children with pediatric TB to prevent stunting. Methods: This study included 44 children under five years old with pediatric TB, who were patients at a private hospital and clinic. The subjects were divided into four groups of 10-12 children based on their arrival for treatment. Group A received standard medicine, F-100, and pure honey; Group B received standard medicine and F-100; Group C received standard medicine and pure honey; and Group D received only standard medicine. The F-100 and pure honey were administered once daily. Each group was followed up for six weeks. Weight and height were measured before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was performed with a 95% confidence level.Results: Administration of F-100 and/or honey significantly increased Z scores for height-for-age, weight-for-age, and weight-for-length/height between the pre-test and post-intervention (p < 0.05). Conversely, no significant improvement was observed in children receiving only standard medication (p > 0.05). The differences in Z score increases between groups, however, were not statisticallysignificant. Overall, the intervention reduced the prevalence of wasting (36.4% to 22.75%) and stunting (36.4% to 29.5%)Conclusion: Supplementation with F-100 and honey improved nutritional outcomes but did not show statistically significant differences between groups. Further research is recommended to explore the effects of increased frequency and duration of supplementation.