bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geo-Information Approaches for Water Quality Monitoring in Arid River Systems Using Machine Learning
Authors: Flores Víctor , Elmagrhaby Adel , Martinez-Pelaez Rafael
Published: January 2025

Water is the most important resource for life; however, the intensifying exploitation of water resources has led to significant degradation in water quality, particularly in rivers. This study investigates the potential of predictive models based on artificial intelligence techniques, such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) combined with mathematical approaches such as the Water Quality Index (WQI), to enhance the forecasting of water quality. We detail the methodology employed to construct these predictive models utilizing SVM, a specific WQI in conjunction with domain expertise. The models are developed from historical physicochemical parameter datasets from seven monitoring stations along a section of the Loa River in Antofagasta, Chile. The performance of the SVM model was rigorously validated using four key metrics: accuracy (acc), precision (p), recall (r), and F1-score. This paper elucidates the processes of dataset curation, and threshold optimization for influential physicochemical parameters. The approach presented herein is innovative, as it marks the first attempt to predict water quality specifically for the Loa River using SVM. The resultant models demonstrate robust performance metrics, achieving mean values of acc = 0.866, p = 0.849, r = 0.863, and F1-score = 0.847, positioning them competitively against analogous studies employing alternative methodologies in similar contexts.
Exploration of Alternative Interpretation Approaches to the Physical Mechanism of Electron Double-Slit Interference
Authors: Zhao Shandong , Luo Jianshu
Published: January 2025

The thesis offers an innovative analysis of quantum mechanics. Firstly, it clearly expounds the characteristics of quantum mechanics in measurement and other aspects, and proposes seven criteria for judging scientific nature. Then, it points out that there are some key problems with the orthodox assumptions of quantum mechanics, such as unclear physical mechanisms, lack of rigorous logic, difficulty in falsification, and incomplete main considerations.Regarding the double-slit interference experiment, the thesis conducts a comprehensive derivation and demonstration, proposing a unique interpretation. The traditional view holds that the interference is caused by the wave nature of electrons, while this thesis suggests that it is the periodic fluctuating Coulomb force field in the double-slit slits. A large number of electrons interact with it, undergo regular deflection to form a probability distribution, and then superimpose to produce interference fringes. This interpretation challenges the traditional cognition of the wave nature of microscopic particles in quantum mechanics, prompting us to re-think the basic concepts and experimental interpretations of quantum mechanics from the new perspective of the Coulomb force field, providing new ideas and directions for the study of quantum mechanics.
Activation of Smooth Muscle Kir2.1 Channels and Na+/K+ ATPase Mediates Dilation of Porcine Coronary Arterioles to Potassium
Authors: Hein Travis W. , Razavi Habib M. , Xu Xin , Somvanshi Sonal , Muthuchamy Mariappan , Kuo Lih
Published: January 2025

Metabolic stress on the heart can cause dilation of coronary arterioles for blood flow recruitment. Although potassium ions (K+) released from the myocardium are a major mediator for this response, the underlying signaling pathways for vasodilation are incompletely understood. Herein, roles of smooth muscle inward-rectifier K+ channel subtype 2.1 (Kir2.1) and Na+/K+ ATPase were examined. Porcine coronary arterioles were isolated, cannulated, and pressurized for vasomotor study. Vessels developed basal tone and dilated concentration-dependently to extraluminal K+ from 7 to 20 mM. Higher K+ concentrations (25-40 mM) caused graded vasoconstriction. Vasodilation to K+ (10 mM) was not altered by endothelial removal, and blockade of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, voltage-sensitive K+ channels, or calcium-activated K+ channels did not affect K+-induced vasodilation. However, sustained but not abrupt transient vasodilation to K+ was reduced by nonspecific Kir channel inhibitor Ba2+ or specific Kir2.1 channel blocker chloroethylclonidine. The Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitor ouabain attenuated K+-elicited vasodilation, and ouabain with Ba2+ abolished the response. Transfection of arterioles with Kir2.1 antisense oligonucleotides abolished sustained but not transient dilation. It is concluded that extraluminal K+ elevation within the physiological range induces initial transient dilation of porcine coronary arterioles by activating Na+/K+ ATPase and sustained dilation via smooth muscle Kir2.1 channels.
First Account of Nurturant Behaviour Towards the Dead in Bryde’s Whale from Indian Waters
Authors: Benjamin Diana , PC Giftson , K Snehasree , PR Arshad , R Jeyabaskaran , Varghese Sijo P
Published: January 2025

Understanding nurturant behavior in cetaceans is crucial, yet challenging due to sporadic documentation of such behaviors in the wild. In our study, we observed a unique instance of nurturant behavior displayed by a group of Bryde’s whales towards a deceased adult pod member of the same species over several days, supported by photographic evidence. The mourning behaviors observed, including repeated surfacing, swimming around the carcass, and frequent spouting, indicating a profound disturbance and curiosity regarding the deceased pod member. This study marks the first documented instance of nurturant behavior in baleen whales, contributing significantly to our understanding of cetacean behavior towards the dead.
From Scrap to Fab!: Bioplastic Production Using Keratin and Cellulose from Biowaste
Authors: B. M. Nischitha , Nair Preetha , Jayaram Saranya
Published: January 2025

Bio-based plastics can solve environmental and sustainability issues arising from synthetic plastics. Chicken feathers as well as sugarcane bagasse are two of the most affordable, abundant and sustainable sources of protein. But they constitute one of the major daily waste products released into the environment. Food item packaging biofilms made from these two bio-wastes could be helpful to both people and the environment. Keratin is hydrophilic, non-burning and biodegradable, making it suitable for usage in a wide range of chemical processes. The primary purpose of this research was to generate biodegradable plastic films from chicken feather and sugarcane bagasse biowaste. The hydrolyzed-feather-keratin (HFK) was extracted using a low-cost acid precipitation and alkali extraction method that included urea and sodium sulphide. This aided in adopting a thermoplastic approach to build and describe sustainability and environmental films based upon keratin with variable glycerol concentrations. Extraction of cellulose from sugarcane bagasse was optimized statistically, which was then acetylated to make cellulose acetate powder. This was utilized to make bioplastic film. Hence, the present study demonstrates an efficient and sustainable approach to produce bioplastic polymers from biowaste, which could be conceivably used in various plastic wrapping industries for food, pharmaceutics and so on.
Immediate Early Genes Egr-1, Hr38 and Kakusei Function Throughout the Entire Foraging Period: A Study on Honeybees
Authors: Singh Asem Surindro , Takhellambam Machathoibi
Published: January 2025

Honeybee foraging is a well-organized behavior that has been studied in detail. During foraging, foraging bees search for food, interact, communicate, and collect food for the colony. Learning, remembering, and locating food source at far distance from the hive and able to communicate with each other and complete the task of food collection would not be simple for these small insects. This mysterious highly intelligent behavior of bees has attracted several scientists and interpretation of honeybee dance language was Nobel prize winning research a thing to be always remembered. To understand further the underlying mechanism is a subsequent excitement. Recent studies have taken great importance on understanding the molecular and cellular modulators of honeybee foraging. Some studies have revealed that immediate early genes (IEGs) can be used as neural markers for understanding honeybee brain functions and its behaviors. Our recent studies have shown that three IEGs Egr-1, Hr38 and Kakusei have potential roles in honeybee foraging and learning and memory (Singh et al., 2018; Singh & Takhellambam, 2021; Singh et al., 2020). This piece of work is an extension of the earlier study and investigate whether gene expression continue to increase for longer time during the food reward foraging. We found that the gene expression level continued to remain upregulated throughout the entire time 3 hours foraging duration revealing the role of Egr-1, Hr38, Kakusei during the entire time of foraging.
From “Bob/Kirk” to “Błażej/Piotrek” Effect – Replication of Social Bias Effect Towards People Whose Names Match Their Faces
Authors: Stawiany Kamil , Kozak Krzysztof , Sokołowska Zuzanna
Published: January 2025

The study explores the hypothesis that individuals show greater sympathy towards coherent name-face pairs compared to incoherent pairs, replicating the effect observed by Barton and Halberstadt. A structured questionnaire was designed where participants rated their sympathy for each name-face pair on a scale from 1 to 9, with 1 signifying "Would not like at all" and 9 denoting "Would like very much." Recruitment was conducted through the university's SONA platform, ensuring voluntary participation, anonymity, and confidentiality. Names and faces were paired based on responses from a pilot study, creating highly coherent or highly incoherent pairs.
The first study was conducted with psychology students but failed to replicate the previous effect. As a result, a second experiment was carried out using the same survey with a general population, excluding psychology students. However, the effect still could not be replicated, raising questions about the extent to which cross-modal perception is as prevalent as previously thought.
Navigating the Road to Immunization Equity: Systematic Review of Challenges in Introducing New Vaccines in Sub-Saharan Africa's Routine Programs
Authors: Fousseni Soulama , Ngangue Patrice , Barro Abibata , Ramde Sophie Wendkoaghenda , Bihina Luc Thierry , Ngoufack Marie Nicole , Bayoulou Souleymane , Kiki Gbetogo Maxime , Salfo Ouedraogo
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Over the past 50 years, developing new vaccines has been pivotal in responding to emerging and re-emerging diseases globally. However, despite substantial partner support, introducing new vaccines in sub-Saharan Africa remains challenging. This systematic review documents the barriers to new vaccine introduction and proposes evidence-based solutions. Methods: A comprehensive electronic search was conducted across five databases for articles published in English or French on the challenges of new vaccine introduction in sub-Saharan Africa. Three reviewers screened articles independently based on titles and abstracts, with full-text assessments conducted for inclusion. Data were analyzed thematically and synthesized narratively. Results: A total of 796 articles were retrieved from the five databases. Following the screening, 33 articles were finally retained and included in the review. These articles concerned the introduction of eight new vaccines (malaria vaccine, COVID-19 vaccine, HPV vaccine, Ebola vaccine, cholera vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, rotavirus vaccine and typhoid vaccine). The analyses revealed coordination and financing challenges for six vaccines in 17 countries, acceptability challenges for five vaccines in ten countries, logistical challenges for two vaccines in six countries and quality service delivery challenges for three vaccines in 13 countries. Conclusions: Addressing the challenges of introducing new vaccines in sub-Saharan Africa requires targeted, evidence-based strategies. Prioritizing political commitment, innovative funding, public education, workforce development, and infrastructure improvements will strengthen immunization systems and enable timely vaccine delivery. Collaborative efforts and a focus on local context can advance equitable health outcomes, safeguard public health, and support global immunization goals.
What We Know and Don’t Know About the Antenatal Care Utilization in Ethiopia: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Yoseph Amanuel , Kifle Kibru , Seifu Yohans , Belayneh Mehretu , Tamiso Alemu
Published: January 2025

Introduction: In Ethiopia, there has been considerable recent investment and prioritization in the maternal health program. However, coverage rates have been low and stagnant for a long time, indicating the existence of systemic utilization barriers. Therefore, it is fundamental to synthesize the current body of knowledge to successfully address these problems and enhance program effectiveness to increase antenatal care (ANC) uptake. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of the literature. Using various combinations of search strategies, we searched Pubmed/Medline, WHO Library, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Google for this review. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) were used to conduct the review. We included studies that used any study design, data collection, and analysis methods related to antenatal care utilization. Results: A total of 76 studies, national surveys and estimates were included in this review. The analysis revealed that ANC utilization coverage varied greatly by region, from 27% in Somali to 90.6% in the Oromia region, with significant disparities in socioeconomic status, access to healthcare, and vaccination knowledge. Ten priority research areas covering various aspects of the national ANC services were identified through a comprehensive review of the existing body of knowledge led by experts using the Delphi method. Conclusion: The barriers to recommended ANC service utilization differ depending on the context, suggesting that evidence-based, locally customized interventions must be developed and implemented. This review also identified evidence gaps, focusing on health system-related utilization barriers at the lower level, and identified additional research priorities in Ethiopia’s ANC service. The first step in developing and executing targeted program approaches could be identifying coverage of ANC services utilization among those with disadvantages.
The Imperative Need for Tax Reform in China and Its Impact on Advancing Social Civilization
Authors: Chen Bing
Published: January 2025

This paper delves into the distinctions between China's and the United States' tax systems, underscoring the pressing requirement for tax reform in China. It scrutinizes the potential of these reforms to propel the evolution of social civilization, emphasizing equity, efficiency, and the digital metamorphosis of tax governance.
Freshwater Mussels as Multifaceted Ecosystem Engineers: Insights into Their Ecological Importance, Bioindication, and Economic Contributions
Authors: Verma Akalesh Kumar , Rahman Aminur , Hussain Saddam , Singh Namram Sushindrajit
Published: January 2025

Freshwater mussels play a vital ecological role in aquatic ecosystems, serving as effective natural filters that enhance water quality by removing suspended particles and excess nutrients, thereby preventing eutrophication. Their filtration activity supports overall ecosystem stability and promotes biodiversity by providing habitat structure for various aquatic species. Additionally, mussels are valuable bioindicators of environmental health, reflecting water quality changes and accumulating pollutants, including pharmaceuticals and heavy metals, which can offer insights into pollution trends. Economically, freshwater mussels provide a rich source of nutrition, with their flesh containing essential proteins and fatty acids, and hold cultural significance through the pearl and jewelry industry. Despite these benefits, freshwater mussels face significant threats, including habitat destruction, pollution, invasive species, and overexploitation. These pressures have resulted in drastic population declines and extinctions across various species. Effective conservation and management strategies are essential to protect freshwater mussels, focusing on habitat protection and restoration, ongoing research, and stakeholder engagement to ensure the sustainability of these crucial organisms. This review highlights the multifaceted ecological and economic values of freshwater mussels, the challenges they face, and the importance of comprehensive conservation efforts to maintain their populations and the health of aquatic ecosystems.
Adapting to Disruptions: A Qualitative Study on Strategies for Building Resilience in Global Supply Chains
Authors: Johnson Harry
Published: January 2025

This study explores the strategies employed by organizations to build resilience in global supply chains amidst disruptions. As global supply chains face increasing volatility due to factors such as geopolitical instability, natural disasters, and regulatory changes, it is critical for organizations to adopt strategies that ensure continuity and minimize the impact of such disruptions. The research adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth interviews with 27 supply chain professionals from various industries to understand the key factors contributing to supply chain resilience. The study identifies several key strategies that organizations use, including diversification of suppliers and production locations, the adoption of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and real-time monitoring tools, and the importance of strong collaboration and communication with stakeholders. Additionally, the research highlights the role of organizational culture, leadership, and risk management practices in fostering a resilient supply chain. The findings suggest that companies that proactively manage risks, invest in technology, and establish strong collaborative relationships are better equipped to respond to disruptions and ensure operational continuity. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of external factors such as regulatory changes and environmental disruptions in shaping supply chain resilience. The research concludes that building resilience is an ongoing process that requires continuous adaptation, proactive risk management, and strategic foresight to ensure that organizations can navigate the complexities and uncertainties of the global supply chain environment.
Experimental Testing Results on Critical Components for Mol-ten Salt-Based CSP Systems
Authors: Russo Valeria , Petroni Giuseppe , Rovense Francesco , Giorgetti Mauro , Napoli Giuseppe , Giorgi Gianremo , Gaggioli Walter
Published: January 2025

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants integrated with Thermal Energy Storage (TES) represent a promising renewable energy source for generating heat and power. Binary molten salt mixtures, commonly referred to as Solar Salts, are utilized as effective heat transfer fluids and storage media due to their thermal stability and favorable thermophysical properties. However, these mixtures pose significant challenges due to their high solidification temperatures, around 240 °C, which can compromise the longevity and reliability of critical system components such as pressure sensors and bellows seal globe valves. Thus, it is essential to characterize their performance, assess their reliability under various conditions, and understand their failure mechanisms, particularly in relation to temperature fluctuations affecting the fluid’s viscosity. This article discusses experimental tests conducted on a pressure sensor and a bellows seal globe valve, both designed for direct contact with molten salts in CSP environments, at the ENEA Casaccia Research Center laboratory in Rome. The methodology for conducting these experimental tests is detailed, and guidelines are outlined to optimize plant operation. The findings provide essential insights for improving component design and maintenance to minimize unplanned plant downtime. They also offer methodologies for installing measurement instruments and electrical heating systems on the components.
The Offshore Oil & Gas Industry and Additive Manufacturing: A Competitiveness Analysis
Authors: Gonçalves Tiago , Martins Rúben , Vale Vera , Oliveira Manuel
Published: January 2025

This study examines the impact of Additive Manufacturing (AM) on the Off-shore Oil and Gas Industry, focusing on its role in enhancing competitiveness, operational efficiency, and sustainability. Using strategic frameworks such as PESTEL, Porter’s Five Forces, and SWOT, the research highlights AM’s potential to optimize supply chains, reduce downtime, and support on-demand production. Key findings suggest that AM offers significant benefits, including cost re-duction, supply chain flexibility, and environmental advantages through waste minimization. However, challenges remain, such as high initial investment costs, technical limitations, and the need for workforce upskilling. Additionally, regula-tory and standardization issues hinder broader AM adoption. The study empha-sizes that overcoming these challenges requires strategic investments, workforce development, and collaboration across sectors. Future research should focus on assessing the long-term economic benefits of AM through lifecycle cost analyses, as well as exploring its integration with emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and digital twins. Additionally, harmonizing international standards for AM and investigating its environmental impacts will be crucial for enabling widespread adoption in the offshore sector. This paper provides valuable insights for industry stakeholders, demonstrating that AM has the potential to drive innovation and sustainability in the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry, positioning companies for long-term competitive advantage.
Backdoor Training Paradigm in Generative Models
Authors: Wang Huangji , Cheng Fan
Published: January 2025

Backdoor attacks remain a critical area of focus in machine learning research, with one prominent approach being the introduction of backdoor training injection mechanisms. These mechanisms embed backdoor triggers into the training process, enabling the model to recognize specific trigger inputs and produce predefined outputs post-training. In this paper, we identify a unifying pattern across existing backdoor injection methods in generative models and propose a novel backdoor training injection paradigm. This paradigm leverages a unified loss function design to facilitate backdoor injection across diverse generative models. We demonstrate the effectiveness and generalizability of this paradigm through experiments on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Diffusion Models. Our experimental results on GANs confirm that the proposed method successfully embeds backdoor triggers, enhancing the model’s security and robustness. This work provides a new perspective and methodological framework for backdoor injection in generative models, making a significant contribution toward improving the safety and reliability of these models.
An Analysis of the Capacity of Outdoor Earthquake Evacuation Sites in Daegu, South Korea: Assessing De Facto Population Dynamics and Accessibility through Geographic Information System (GIS)
Authors: Park Jin-wook
Published: January 2025

This study evaluates urban resilience to earthquakes in Daegu Metropolitan City, South Korea, by analyzing outdoor evacuation sites through a dual-axis matrix framework to provide feasible solutions for enhancing urban resilience. Evacuation capacity was assessed using resident and de facto population data, while Geographic Information System (GIS) network analysis identified evacuation-feasible and infeasible areas. The matrix categorizes areas along two axes: capacity (X-axis) and evacuation-infeasible areas (Y-axis), facilitating targeted improvement strategies. Findings reveal that only 54 of 139 census blocks possess sufficient capacity and no evacuation-infeasible areas. For areas with adequate capacity but extensive infeasible areas, redistributing evacuation sites is recommended to improve accessibility. Areas with limited capacity but no infeasible areas require additional outdoor evacuation sites to accommodate the population. In regions constrained by both capacity and accessibility, establishing new evacuation sites within infeasible areas is essential. For critically low-capacity areas without infeasible areas, multi-use spaces, such as disaster prevention parks, are desirable to address evacuation needs. Lastly, areas lacking both capacity and accessibility urgently require new evacuation sites concentrated in infeasible areas. By simplifying complex variables into a capacity-accessibility matrix, this study integrates population dynamics, spatial accessibility, and site capacity, offering implementable solutions for earthquake preparedness in densely populated urban settings.
Agar-Dilution Is Comparable to Broth Dilution for MIC Determination in Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Portal Edward A.R. , Farley Caitlin , Iannetelli Teresa , Coelho Juliana , Efstratiou Androulla , Bentley Stephen J , Chalker Victoria J , Spiller Owen Brad
Published: January 2025

Background: Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis in high-income countries. While intrapartum antibiotic screening reduces this risk, increasing resistance to macrolides and lincosamides in Europe since the 1990s has limited therapeutic options for penicillin-allergic patients. Reports of reduced beta-lactam susceptibility in GBS further em-phasize the need for robust antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance. However, broth micro-dilution (BMD) methods are unsuitable for large-scale antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Objective: To demonstrate that agar-dilution AST provides equivalent results to broth dilution methods, with superior capacity for high-throughput screening. Methods: Agar-dilution and mi-crodilution AST methods were compared using a panel of 24 characterized susceptible and resistant GBS strains for benzylpenicillin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, tetracycline, and vancomycin. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) agreements were evaluated, and resistance profile correlations were assessed using Cohen’s kappa values. Results: Agar-dilution demonstrated >90% agreement with BMD MIC for most antimicrobials, except vancomycin (87.5%), erythromycin (83.33%), and tetracycline (52.78%). Cohen’s kappa values indicated strong agreement (0.88–1.00) for resistance determination. Agar-dilution avoided “trailing growth” issues associated with BMD and facilitated easier detection of non-GBS con-taminants. Conclusions: Agar-dilution is a valid method for high-throughput AMR surveillance of retrospective cohorts (96 isolates per plate) and is critical for identifying emerging GBS resistance trends and informing therapeutic guidelines. However, due to the large number of plates required per antimicrobial, it is impractical for routine clinical diagnostics.
Phychrophilic Bacteria: Reservoirs for New Crispr-Cas Proteines and Extremozymes
Authors: Barret-Joly Julia , Barret Juan P
Published: January 2025

Psychrophilic bacteria, also known as cold-loving bacteria, are microorganisms that thrive in extremely cold environments, typically at temperatures ranging from -5°C to 15°C. These bacteria are found in habitats such as the deep ocean, polar regions, and high-altitude environments. Because of their unique ability to survive and function at low temperatures, psychrophilic bacteria are becoming increasingly important in bioengineering and biotechnology. Their potential and future in bioengineering include enzyme production for cold-temperature industrial applications (bioremediation, food industry, pharmaceuticals and diagnostics), biocatalysis in cold-chain biotechnology, bioengineering cold-tolerant crops and organisms, cold-adapted microbial consortia for bioremediation, astrobiology, synthetic biology, and development of novel CRISPR-Cas proteins. As we continue to better understand and harness the genetic and biochemical properties of these bacteria, we may unlock even more possibilities for the future of biotechnology and bioengineering.
Agentic Workflows for Improving LLM Reasoning in Robotic Object-Centered Planning
Authors: Moncada-Ramirez Jesus , Matez-Bandera Jose-Luis , Gonzalez-Jimenez Javier , Ruiz-Sarmiento Jose-Raul
Published: January 2025

Large Language Models (LLMs) provide cognitive capabilities that enable robots to interpret and reason about their workspace, especially when paired with semantically rich representations like semantic maps. However, these models are prone to generating inaccurate or invented responses, known as hallucinations, that can produce an erratic robotic operation. This can be addressed by employing agentic workflows, structured processes that guide and refine the model’s output to improve response quality. This work formally defines and qualitatively analyzes the impact of three agentic workflows (LLM Ensemble, Self-Reflection, and Multi-Agent Reflection) on enhancing the reasoning capabilities of an LLM guiding a robotic system to perform object-centered planning. In this context, the LLM is provided with a pre-built semantic map of the environment and a query, to which it must respond by determining the most relevant objects for the query. This response can be used in a multitude of downstream tasks. Extensive experiments were carried out employing state-of-the-art LLMs and semantic maps generated from the widely-used datasets ScanNet and SceneNN. Results show that agentic workflows significantly enhance object retrieval performance, especially in scenarios requiring complex reasoning, with improvements averaging up to 10% over the baseline.
Study of the Condition of the Surfaces Covered by Selective Transfer for the Spindle-Bearing Friction Pair
Authors: Ilie Filip , Juganaru Alina , Ipate George
Published: January 2025

The operation of pairs with minimal friction and wear (the friction pairs case with selective transfer) depends on the quality of the contact surfaces, the arrangement of the friction surfaces asperities, the geometry of the friction pairs surfaces, and the operating parameters (load, speed, operating environment, etc.). They influence the friction and wear behavior of the friction pairs, under the conditions of selective transfer. For the selective transfer study and the research of the roughness of the elements of a friction pair (here, the spindle-bearing pair of the sliding bearing), the friction pair elements kinematics, which causes the appearance and development of the selective transfer must be considered. Through selective transfer, a copper film appears on the friction surfaces, with little roughness. After the appearance of the copper film (with an average thickness of 2 μm), the friction surface roughness in the contact area is minimal (due to the selective transfer), becoming optimum so that friction and wear are as low as possible and confer that state of balance for which the friction pair operates with friction and wear, minimal. Therefore, the paper aims the study the asperities of the friction surfaces formed by selective transfer to the spindle-bearing friction pair, analyzing their macro and micro geometric parameters, for an operation with minimal friction and wear.
Exploring the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Optimizing Supply Chain Operations
Authors: Jones Jennifer
Published: January 2025

This research explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in optimizing supply chain operations, examining its applications, benefits, challenges, and implications for modern businesses. In recent years, AI has become a transformative tool in supply chain management, with organizations increasingly turning to AI-driven solutions to enhance efficiency, improve decision-making, and reduce operational costs. The study provides an in-depth analysis of how AI technologies, such as machine learning algorithms, predictive analytics, and real-time data processing, are being integrated into various supply chain functions, including demand forecasting, inventory management, logistics optimization, risk management, and supplier relationship management. Through a series of qualitative interviews with industry experts and supply chain professionals, the research identifies key trends, challenges, and opportunities associated with AI adoption in supply chains. The findings indicate that AI significantly enhances the accuracy of demand forecasting, streamlines inventory control, optimizes logistics operations, and strengthens risk management strategies by enabling early disruption detection and proactive responses. However, the study also highlights challenges such as data quality issues, integration complexities with legacy systems, the shortage of skilled professionals, and the high initial costs of implementing AI solutions. Despite these challenges, the research concludes that the potential benefits of AI in supply chain optimization are substantial, and organizations that successfully address these barriers will gain a competitive edge in the marketplace. The study offers practical insights for businesses looking to leverage AI technologies to enhance their supply chain performance and resilience.
Aberrant Expression of CYP2W1 in Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Clinical Significance and a Potential Therapeutic Target
Authors: Molina-Ortiz Dora , Torres-Zárate Carmen , Cárdenas-Cardós Rocío , Hernández-Arrazola Daniel , Aguilar-Ortiz Marco R. , Palacios-Acosta José , Shalkow-Klincovstein Jaime , Dorado-González Víctor , Santes-Palacios Rebeca , Hernández-Urzúa Elizabeth , Vences-Mejía Araceli
Published: January 2025

Pediatric soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are aggressive malignancies with poor prognoses, particularly in recurrent and metastatic cases. Standard therapies, such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, offer limited survival benefits and carry significant toxicities, highlighting the urgent need for innovative ther-apeutic approaches. CYP2W1, a tumor-associated monooxygenase enzyme, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target due to its aberrant expression in various cancers; however, its role in pediatric STS remains poorly understood. This study evaluated CYP2W1 expression in 42 primary pediatric STS samples across seven histological subtypes using qPCR and Western blot analyses, investigating its association with clinicopathological variables and survival outcomes. High CYP2W1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels was observed in 69% and 40.5% of STS tumor samples, respectively, compared to absent or negligible expression in matched normal tissues (p < 0.001). Aberrant CYP2W1 protein expression was predominantly found in synovial sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma subtypes, at 70% and 62.5%, respectively. Additionally, CYP2W1 ex-pression correlated with higher histological grade, advanced tumor stage, and showed a trend toward reduced overall survival (p = 0.082). These findings demonstrate that CYP2W1 is aberrantly expressed in a subset of pediatric STS, contributing to tumor aggressiveness and highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutic target for this malignancy.
Relevance of Milk Composition to Human Linear Growth from Infancy Through Puberty: Facts and Controversies
Authors: Borer Katarina
Published: January 2025

Milk is the principal nutrient of newborn humans and a diagnostic feature of the order mammalia. Its release is elicited reflexly by infant sucking under the control of hormone oxytocin. While it is recognized that breast milk optimally promotes infant longitudinal growth and development, this review explores facts and controversies regarding the extent to which the milks of several domesticated animals and formula milk approximate special properties and bioactivities of breast milk. The review provides evidence that early exposure to undernutrition during pregnancy and infancy predominantly and permanently stunts longitudinal growth in both animals and humans, but is often accompanied later in life by obesity and metabolic dysfunction, and sometimes also by altered timing of sexual maturation. There is insufficient understanding of the relationship between critical periods of nutritional vulnerability and the control of longitudinal growth in humans this growth is characterized by a relatively prolonged period of slow childhood growth bracketed by two rapid neonatal and pubertal growth phases. It is not known whether there are additional critical nutritional periods during the extended and variable phases of human growth beyond the intrauterine and the early postnatal ones. It also is not clear how long the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of infant milk intake can influence subsequent periods of childhood and pubertal growth and development. Metabolic consequences of the macronutrient and hormonal composition of human milk during the critical early under- or over-nutrition will be better understood in studies linking the interactions of nutrient properties to controls of linear growth and body composition over the extended period of human growth from infancy through the end of puberty.
Autonomy Reproduction: The Generative Logic of Spatial Reengineering of Internet Industry Associations
Authors: Zhang Shi Zheng , Ma Yaoyao
Published: January 2025

Autonomy is an important factor in promoting the spatial reconstruction of industry associations' development. However, the Internet industry association's ability to play an active and functional role is insufficient, which is rooted in limited space for autonomy development. Through a case study of the W Association in Guangdong Province, China, it is concluded that the ideas and strategic judgments of key groups in the Internet industry association are consistent with government governance objectives in certain areas, gaining space for autonomy participation; by carrying out extensive social activities and consolidating the foundation of core business, autonomy resource extraction is formed; achieving a parallel development of stable political connections and government reverse dependence strategies, while paying attention to interaction and cooperation with social forces to enhance autonomy capacity building; relying on market-oriented means and professional service levels, shaping industry influence and promoting the implementation of autonomy development strategies.
Updates In Common Genetic Variants May Help Guide Drug Selection For Treating Uncontrolled Diabetes
Authors: Bazzazzadehgan Shadi , Shariat-Madar Zia , Mahdi Fakhri
Published: January 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common, lifelong metabolic disorder. Adults with T2DM bear a greater burden of cardiometabolic risk factors than the general popula-tion. T2DM presents as a spectrum of clinical manifestations, where uncontrolled dia-betes leads to progressive or irreparable damage to various organs. Neurologic end-organ damage due to uncontrolled diabetes may include neuropathy, nephropa-thy, and retinopathy. T2DM can be categorized into three levels: (1) prediabetes, with a blood sugar level between 110 and 125 mg/dL, (2) T2DM, with a blood sugar level higher than 126 mg/dL, and (3) uncontrolled T2DM, with a blood sugar level exceeding 180 mg/dL despite multiple medications. If blood sugar remains consistently high in level 1, it may cause pathological and functional changes in healthy vascular tissues and various systems, often without noticeable clinical symptoms. However, the latter two levels are important for identifying individuals at high risk of nerve damage, kid-ney damage, and cardiovascular (CV) events. Research shows that reducing modifia-ble risk factors can help prevent the progression from prediabetes to T2DM, while an-tidiabetic drugs can help prevent long-term complications of hyperglycemia in indi-viduals with T2DM. Considerable effort is being made to increase diabetes awareness and develop new pharmacological interventions to better treat the underlying causes of T2DM. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge in common genetic variants and novel targets for potential therapeutic use in T2DM and discusses recent advances in the pharmaceutical management of uncontrolled T2DM, including those currently in phase II and III development.
Advancements in Nuclear Medicine Through Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Oncu Emir
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in nuclear imaging, offering innovative solutions to enhance diagnostic accuracy, image quality, and clinical workflows. This article explores the integration of AI methodologies, including deep learning and traditional machine learning models, into nuclear imaging modalities such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT). By leveraging advanced algorithms, AI addresses longstanding challenges in noise reduction, resolution enhancement, and tumor classification. Key findings demonstrate the application of AI in improving cancer detection, delineating tumor volumes, and predicting patient outcomes with unparalleled precision. The study highlights how convolutional neural networks (CNNs), generative adversarial networks (GANs), and vision transformers (ViTs) are revolutionizing medical imaging through superior image reconstruction and analysis capabilities. Limitations, such as the dependency on large, annotated datasets and ethical concerns, are discussed alongside future directions, including the integration of multi-modal imaging data and real-time AI applications. In conclusion, AI represents a paradigm shift in nuclear imaging, advancing personalized medicine and improving patient outcomes. However, further research is required to address challenges and unlock its full potential in clinical practice.
Co-Infection Dynamics of Baculovirus penaei (BP–PvSNPV) in Penaeus vannamei Across Latin America
Authors: Intriago Pablo , Montiel Bolivar , Valarezo Mauricio , Cataño Yamilis , Vazquez Maime , Barco Melany Del Barco , Montenegro Alejandra , Cercado Nicole
Published: January 2025

Baculovirus penaei (BP) is an exclusively enteric virus that targets the mucosal epithelial cells of the hepatopancreatic (HP) tubules and the anterior midgut. Its impacts are most pronounced during early developmental stages, including zoea, mysis, and early post-larvae (PL), where infections often lead to significant hatchery losses. Traditionally, BP's significance as a pathogen has been tied to its high pathogenicity in these early larval stages. When outbreaks occur at this critical point, the affected tanks are typically discarded, limiting opportunities for further research.In later developmental stages, BP infections are not directly associated with substantial mortality. This has likely contributed to the pathogen being undervalued, at least as a potential marker for co-infections. Nevertheless, BP's role as part of complex co-infection scenarios highlights its broader relevance.Various molecular diagnostic methods have been developed to detect BP. However, these methods frequently fail to amplify PCR products, likely due to the high genetic diversity among BP strains. Such variability contributes to inconsistencies between molecular diagnostics and histological findings, where distinct polyhedral occlusion bodies are consistently observed in HP tissues.The present study reports the presence of BP across all cultivation stages of Penaeus vannamei farmed in Latin America, from post-larvae to broodstock in maturation. BP is consistently observed in association with co-infections, often alongside bacterial lesions in the hepatopancreas. Additionally, the findings underscore significant deficiencies in current molecular detection methods, which appear to lack the specificity required to reliably identify BP. These limitations emphasize the need for improved diagnostic approaches to better account for BP's genetic diversity and its role in shrimp health and disease dynamics.
Determinants of Community Sports Facility Utilization: Insights from Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Huang Si-Cheng , Lee Kwangsoo
Published: January 2025

Community sports facilities play a crucial role in providing residents with opportunities for physical activity, with their supply-demand capacity serving as a key indicator of effectiveness. However, challenges such as limited facility availability, inadequate infrastructure, insufficient service provision, and suboptimal spatial planning have hindered participation in sports activities among both urban and rural populations. This study delves into the complex dynamics influencing the supply and demand for community sports facilities in JiangBei New District, Nanjing, Jiangsu province. In this study, grounded in the principles of comprehensive community development, employs structural equation modeling to investigate the factors affecting the supply capacity of community sports facilities from the resident’s perspective. The research identifies four key dimensions that shape the supply-demand capacity of these facilities: spatial distribution, residents' exercise behaviors, needs, and satisfaction. The findings reveal that residents' needs and spatial distribution have a direct impact on exercise behaviors, with spatial distribution being the most significant factor influencing resident satisfaction. Based on these insights, the study offers strategic recommendations aimed at optimizing the supply capacity of community sports facilities, thereby enhancing community engagement in physical activities. Future research should explore longitudinal effects and community-specific adaptations to further refine strategies for promoting active lifestyles.
Application of Physical Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Produce Fermentable Sugars
Authors: Santana Júnior Damázio Borba , Kelbert Maikon , De Araújo Pedro Henrique Hermes , Andrade Cristiano José de
Published: January 2025

Physical pretreatments play a crucial role in reducing the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass, facilitating its conversion into fermentable sugars for bioenergy and chemical applications. This study critically reviews physical pretreatment approaches, including mechanical comminution, irradiation (ultrasound, microwave, gamma rays, and electron beam), extrusion, and pulsed electric field. The discussion covers mechanisms of action, operational parameters, energy efficiency, scalability challenges, and associated costs. Methods such as ultrasound and microwave induce structural changes that enhance enzymatic accessibility, while extrusion combines thermal and mechanical forces to optimize hydrolysis. Mechanical comminution is most effective during short periods and when combined with other techniques to overcome limitations such as high energy consumption. Innovative approaches, such as pulsed electric fields, show significant potential but face challenges in large-scale implementation. This study provides technical and strategic insights for developing more effective physical pretreatments aligned with economic feasibility and industrial sustainability.