bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deleterious Germline Mutations Are a Risk Factor for Neoplastic Progression Among High-Risk Individuals Undergoing Pancreatic Surveillance
Authors: Abe Toshiya , Blackford Amanda L. , Tamura Koji , Ford Madeline , McCormick Patrick , Chuidian Miguel , Almario Jose Alejandro , Borges Michael , Lennon Anne Marie , Shin Eun Ji , Klein Alison P. , Hruban Ralph H. , Canto Marcia I. , Goggins Michael
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE

To compare the risk of neoplastic progression by germline mutation status versus family history without a known germline mutation (familial risk) among individuals with an increased risk for pancreatic cancer who are undergoing surveillance.

METHODS

Of 464 high-risk individuals in the Cancer of the Pancreas Screening program at Johns Hopkins Hospital who were undergoing pancreatic surveillance, 119 had a known deleterious germline mutation in a pancreatic cancer susceptibility gene; 345 met family history criteria for pancreatic surveillance but were not known to harbor a germline mutation. We used next-generation sequencing to identify previously unrecognized germline mutations among these 345 individuals. We compared the development of pancreatic cancer, high-grade dysplasia, or clinically worrisome features, adjusting for competing mortality, among all germline mutation carriers with the risk of progression in a cohort without a known germline mutation.

RESULTS

Fifteen (4.3%) of 345 individuals classified as having familial risk had a previously unrecognized pancreatic cancer susceptibility gene mutation (nine that involved ATM, two BRCA2, one BRCA1, one PALB2, one TP53, and one CPA1). The cumulative incidence of pancreatic cancer, high-grade dysplasia, or worrisome features on pancreatic imaging was significantly higher in the germline mutation risk group (n = 134) than in the familial risk group (n = 330 [for pancreatic cancer, hazard ratio, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.0 to 8.18; P = .05]).

CONCLUSION

The cumulative incidence of pancreatic cancer is significantly higher among individuals with an identifiable deleterious germline mutation in a pancreatic cancer susceptibility gene than it is among individuals with a strong family history but no identified mutation. Gene testing of individuals who meet criteria for pancreatic surveillance on the basis of their family history may better define those most at risk for neoplastic progression.
Continuous Versus Bolus Infusion of Hypertonic Saline in the Treatment of Symptomatic Hyponatremia Caused by SIAD
Authors: Garrahy Aoife , Dineen Rosemary , Hannon Anne Marie , Cuesta Martin , Tormey William , Sherlock Mark , Thompson Chris J
Published: March 2019

Background

Acute hyponatremia is a medical emergency that confers high mortality, attributed primarily to cerebral edema. Expert guidelines advocate the use of intravenous boluses of hypertonic saline rather than traditional continuous infusion to achieve a faster initial rise in plasma sodium (pNa) concentration. However, there is a limited evidence base for this recommended policy change.

Methods

We prospectively assessed the clinical and biochemical outcomes in patients treated for symptomatic hyponatremia caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis in response to intravenous bolus treatment with 3% saline (100 mL, repeated up to two more times) and compared the outcomes to retrospective data from patients treated with continuous intravenous infusion of low-dose (20 mL/h) 3% saline.

Results

Twenty-two patients were treated with bolus infusion and 28 with continuous infusion. Three percent saline bolus caused more rapid elevation of pNa at 6 hours [median (range) 6 (2 to11) vs 3 (1 to 4) mmol/L, P < 0.0001], with a concomitant improvement in Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) [median (range) 3 (1 to 6) vs 1 (−2 to 2), P < 0.0001] at 6 hours. Median pNa concentration was similar at 24 hours in the two treatment groups. The administration of a third saline bolus was associated with greater need for dextrose/dDAVP to prevent overcorrection (OR 24; P = 0.006). There were no cases of osmotic demyelination in either group.

Conclusion

Three percent saline bolus produces faster initial elevation of pNa than continuous infusion with quicker restoration of GCS, and without osmotic demyelination. Frequent electrolyte monitoring, and judicious intervention with dDAVP is required to prevent overcorrection with bolus therapy.
Message in a vesicle – trans-kingdom intercommunication at the vector–host interface
Authors: Chávez Adela S. Oliva , O'Neal Anya J. , Santambrogio Laura , Kotsyfakis Michail , Pedra Joao H. F.
Published: March 2019

Vector-borne diseases cause over 700,000 deaths annually and represent 17% of all infectious illnesses worldwide. This public health menace highlights the importance of understanding how arthropod vectors, microbes and their mammalian hosts interact. Currently, an emphasis of the scientific enterprise is at the vector–host interface where human pathogens are acquired and transmitted. At this spatial junction, arthropod effector molecules are secreted, enabling microbial pathogenesis and disease. Extracellular vesicles manipulate signaling networks by carrying proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and regulatory nucleic acids. Therefore, they are well positioned to aid in cell-to-cell communication and mediate molecular interactions. This Review briefly discusses exosome and microvesicle biogenesis, their cargo, and the role that nanovesicles play during pathogen spread, host colonization and disease pathogenesis. We then focus on the role of extracellular vesicles in dictating microbial pathogenesis and host immunity during transmission of vector-borne pathogens.
Recent Developments in Molecular Spin Gyroid Research
Authors: Mizuno Asato , Shuku Yoshiaki , Awaga Kunio
Published: March 2019

Gyroid is a type of 3D periodic structure that is ubiquitous in nature on scales ranging from macro to micro, and is attracting much attention in various research fields such as geometry, physics, chemistry, biology and even architecture. Along with honeycomb and diamond structures, gyroid is one of the three structures mathematically recognized as having a strong isotropic property. Microscopic gyroidal materials with magnetic spin centers, known as molecular spin gyroids, have been investigated for more than twenty years, but the peculiar electronic and magnetic properties arising from their exotic structures are still poorly understood, in contrast to extensively studied microscopic honeycomb materials such as graphene. In this review, we describe the geometrical and physical aspects of gyroids, and introduce various microscopic gyroidal materials in accordance with a classification of the interactions that constitute the gyroidal structures. Then, we report our recent investigations on a molecular spin gyroid formed by a polyhedral organic π-conjugated molecule. A unique 3D spin frustration forming a spin liquid state is also discussed.
Continuity of Church Service and Orthodox Cultural Tradition at the Turn of the Soviet and Post-Soviet Periods
Authors: Иерей Тимофей , Ierey Timofe , Топалова Екатерина , Topalova Ekaterina , Шафажинская Наталья , Shafazhinskaya Natalya
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the disclosure of the content of the creative activities of representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church in a crucial period of spiritual service at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries. During this period, the continuity of religious enlightenment culture was interrupted and needed restoration in order to preserve church culture and art for future generations. In the twentieth century — the century of the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia, when persecution and oppression in varying degrees affected the fate of every Orthodox Christian, preserved and survived examples of theological and spiritual educational work they represent a special value, which should be available for the study of modern citizens of Russia and, above all, young people. Spiritual mentors and elders of the past century, who have undergone persecution, but survived and managed to directly convey to their spiritual children their own inner experience of God communion and an example of asceticism — the great wealth of not only domestic, but also world spiritual culture. In the second half of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, the names of many representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church, true devotees of grace, shone with their spiritual experience, wise mentorship and literary works helping thousands of people of different classes to gain faith and the true meaning of earthly existence.
Orthodox Singing in Extra Temple Activity of Church: to the Question of Freedom and Responsibility in Orthodox Musical Art
Authors: Двинина-Мирошниченко Н. , Dvinina-Miroshnichenko N. , Аронов А. , Aronov A.
Published: March 2019

Article is devoted to problems of spiritual education of youth in extra temple activity of the Church connected with an educational mission of orthodox musical art. At a boundary of the 20–21st centuries we observe significant turn of the Russian culture to orthodox traditions. The course of state policy directed to effective cooperation with Russian Orthodox Church provided development of orthodox musical art in a number of the directions, including, in activity of Sunday schools, military patriotic clubs, festivals of orthodox art for children and young people and so forth. The author of the article, highlighting the advantages of various functions of orthodox musical creativity, emphasizes the importance of the study of ancient Russian songwriting: canonical and folk spiritual. This, for the most part, unused and unclaimed layer of Russian musical culture bears the main essential and semantic function of orthodox musical art: it is similar to sacred icons, demonstrates supermundane reality of the Kingdom. Without belittling the importance of song creativity of wide spiritual content, the author points to the advantages of teachers' orientation to the canonical direction, which in a musical form expresses the dogmas of the Church, revives the unique intonation fund of Russian musical and linguistic culture, retains a significant part of the genetic cultural memory.
Prospects for the Development of Ideas of Inclusive Education in the Russian Federation
Authors: Фролочкина Д. , Frolochkina D. , Брыкин Ю. , Brykin Yu.
Published: March 2019

The article considers the prospects for the development of inclusive education in the Russian educational system, analyzes the main problems of the implementation of integration ideas and suggests ways of more effective implementation of this concept in professional and higher education.
Exercícios de vibração de corpo inteiro beneficiam indivíduos com osteoartrite do joelho: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Moreira-Marconi Eloá , Moura-Fernandes Marcia. C. , Teixeira-Silva Ygor , Sá-Caputo Danúbia C. , Silva-Costa Gefferson , Carvalho Sérgio O. , Lemos-Santos Tânia R. , Meirelles Alexandre G. , Bernardo-Filho Mario
Published: March 2019

Introdução: A osteoartrite é uma doença reumática e pode estarrelacionada ao envelhecimento. As principais articulaçõesafetadas são aquelas que normalmente recebem mais estresseao longo dos anos, como os joelhos. Entre os tratamentos nãofarmacológicos para indivíduos com osteoartrite do joelho(OAJ), recomenda-se a prática de exercícios. Estudos sugeremo exercício de vibração de corpo inteiro (EVCI) como umaintervenção não farmacológica para indivíduos com OAJ.Materiais e métodos: Esta revisão reuniu estudos envolvendoindivíduos EVCI e OAJ com o objetivo de verificar a importânciadesta intervenção no manejo da OAJ. Nove trabalhos foramselecionados. Resultados: Os protocolos foram organizados, eos achados sobre os benefícios do EVCI em indivíduos OAJ,descritos. Observou-se que, em geral, os artigos analisadosrelataram redução do nível de dor e aumento da funcionalidadenos indivíduos com OAJ. Conclusão: O EVCI pode serusado como uma ferramenta segura, viável, eficaz e barata nareabilitação de indivíduos com OAJ.Descritores: Osteoartrite do joelho; Vibração mecânica; Reabilitação; Exercício.
Editorial
Authors: Marmora Claudia C.
Published: March 2019

É com imenso prazer e entusiasmo que entregamoseste volume temático da Revista HUPE apresentandoos resultados de diferentes estudos produzidos pelogrupo de pesquisadores do projeto FIBRA-JF, inserida naRede de Pesquisa sobre Fragilidade em Idosos Brasileiros(FIBRA). Trata-se de mais uma contribuição voltada parao estudo do tema fragilidade em idosos na construçãoe divulgação de novos conhecimentos neste campo.A Rede FIBRA teve como objetivo caracterizar asíndrome da fragilidade na população idosa brasileiracom 65 anos ou mais residentes na comunidade emdiferentes regiões do país. O projeto foi financiado peloConselho Nacional de Pesquisa (CNPq)1 com a missão deestabelecer perfis de fragilidade e critérios operacionaisde diagnóstico capazes de fornecer subsídios para asequipes de saúde nos três níveis de atenção à saúde.Juiz de Fora foi uma das cidades eleitas para comporo polo Rio de Janeiro, coordenado pelo Laboratório dePesquisa em Envelhecimento Humano (GeronLab), doDepartamento de Medicina Interna, da Faculdade deCiências Médicas, da Universidade do Estado do Riode Janeiro, marcando o início do projeto coordenadopor mim, Cláudia Helena Cerqueira Mármora, e pelaspesquisadoras Eliane Ferreira Carvalho Banhato eDanielle Viveiro Guedes, sob a coordenação geraldo professor e pesquisador Roberto Alves Lourenço.As localidades e regiões geográficas da cidade foramescolhidas para representar diferentes ou contrastantesmodos de vida e níveis de desenvolvimento social dosidosos, indicados por Índices de DesenvolvimentoMunicipal (IDH-M). Para tal, foi realizado um estudoobservacional de corte transversal desenvolvido na áreaurbana de Juiz de Fora, MG, considerada uma cidade demédio porte em termos proporcionais, com populaçãoestimada em 563.769 pessoas ocupando a quarta posiçãono ranking das mais populosas do estado, conformedados divulgados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografiae Estatística (IBGE) em 2017.A primeira publicação que deu início a produçãodo grupo foi o artigo ‘Health Self-Awareness in SeniorCitizens: Focus on Physical, Emotional and CognitiveHealth’.2 Em seguida o artigo denominado ‘Prevalênciae fatores associados à fragilidade em uma amostra deidosos que vivem na comunidade da cidade de Juiz deFora, Minas Gerais, Brasil: estudo FIBRA – JF’, apresentouos resultados do estudo indicando prevalência de5,2% e mostrou associação com idade avançada,comprometimento das atividades de vida diária e piorautopercepção de saúde na população investigada.3O que de fato merece destaque nesta edição temáticada Revista HUPE é que os artigos aqui apresentadosforam reunidos para divulgar a produção acadêmicae científica do grupo de pesquisadores genuinamenteenvolvidos com o projeto FIBRA-JF, o qual se encontraem sua segunda fase de desenvolvimento.Boa leitura.
Representações sociais da satisfação com a vida de idosos aposentados
Authors: Moura Elaine A. , Delgado Francisco E. F. , Mármora Cláudia Helena C.
Published: March 2019

Introdução: O processo de envelhecimento e o período daaposentadoria não ocorrem ao sujeito isoladamente. Concepçõescorrentes da sociedade acerca de tais movimentosda vida, que são as representações sociais, interferirão diretamentena forma como os indivíduos experienciam essasfases. Por isso é importante compreender a satisfação coma vida em idosos aposentados segundo suas característicassociodemográficas. Materiais e métodos: Foram avaliados 300idosos aposentados por meio de uma entrevista estruturada esemiestruturada, que abordou as variáveis sociodemográficase a satisfação com a vida. Foi utilizado o software StatisticalPackage for Social Sciences versão 20 para análise estatística.Resultados: Dos 300 idosos avaliados, 61,7% eram do sexofeminino; a maioria estudou até o nível fundamental (61,6%),52% são casados ou vivem com algum companheiro(a); apresentaramidade média de 74,33 ± 6,61 anos; renda média deR$ 2317,8 ± 2259,8; e média de filhos de 2,12 ± 2,0. Ao avaliara satisfação com a vida nestas variáveis, a única que apresentoudiferença estatística foi o número de filhos (p = 0,00037).Discussão: As representações sociais dos idosos aposentadossobre a satisfação com a vida permitiram evidenciar que estáocorrendo uma reestruturação do impacto que a aposentadoriacausava na vida do indivíduo, permitindo uma superaçãode dificuldades psico-sócio-históricas na configuração doenvelhecimento e da aposentadoria. Conclusões: A maneiracomo um indivíduo que envelhece consegue manter umfuncionamento psicológico positivo e aumentar sua satisfaçãocom a vida ao chegar à aposentadoria é uma questãoimportante para a sociedade.Descritores: Envelhecimento; Aposentadoria; Satisfaçãopessoal.
Satisfação com a vida em idosos residentes na comunidade
Authors: Banhato Eliane F. C. , Ribeiro Pricila Cristina C. , Guedes Danielle V.
Published: March 2019

Introdução: A avaliação positiva de bem-estar e satisfaçãocom a vida (SV) influencia os desfechos de saúde na velhice.O estudo da SV pode auxiliar na prevenção de perdas funcionaise da mortalidade. Objetivo: Investigar a associação entreSV (atual/global e comparada com pessoas de mesma idade)e dados sociodemográficos, saúde física e mental, suportesocial, capacidade funcional (desempenho em AtividadesBásicas e Instrumentais de Vida Diária – ABVDs e AIVDs) ecognição de idosos da comunidade. Materiais e métodos:Inquérito realizado no Estudo Fibra-JF, em Juiz de Fora (MG),com 427 idosos (≥65 anos). Utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturadae instrumentos validados para o Brasil. Resultados:Houve predomínio de mulheres (69,6%). As médias etária e deescolaridade foram de 74,44 (DP=6,87) e 5,42 (DP=4,16) anos,respectivamente. Identificou-se maioria com alta SV global/atual (p<0,001) e comparada (p<0,001). A SV atual associou-sesignificativamente com cognição (p<0,001) e sintomas depressivos(p<0,001) e a SV comparada, com escolaridade (p=0,041)e sintomas depressivos (p<0,001). A razão de prevalênciaentre SV hoje e sintomas depressivos e cognição foi de 0,949(IC=0,931-0,967) e 0,847 (IC=0,812-0,883), respectivamente.Alta SV comparada associou-se negativamente com sintomasdepressivos [RP=0,904 (IC=0,876-0,933)] e escolaridade, comprevalência de alta satisfação 1,38 vezes maior entre os analfabetosdo que entre aqueles com alta escolaridade. Conclusões:Perdas cognitivas e sintomas depressivos podem diminuir aSV em idosos. Compreender os fatores que modificam o cursonatural de SV pode auxiliar a intervenção clínica e psicológica,proporcionando mais chances de bem-estar aos idosos.Descritores: Satisfação pessoal; Qualidade de vida;Envelhecimento.
Using cognitive behavioural therapy techniques in COPD
Authors: Heslop-Marshall Karen
Published: March 2019

Symptoms of COPD can be managed with cognitive behavioural therapy, says Karen Heslop-Marshall
Ten things you should know about type 2 diabetes – Part 1
Authors: Morris David
Published: March 2019

In the first of two articles, David Morris answers some of the most common questions about diabetes
NEWS ANALYSIS
Authors: McAlees Melissa
Published: March 2019

The Government has launched an effort to draw more people to a career in social care. While there have been positive responses, it is claimed the root causes for staff shortages are not addressed
CQC joins forces to develop emerging concerns protocol
Authors: Frankova Helena
Published: March 2019

The Care Quality Commission (CQC) has published an emerging concerns protocol last July, in collaboration with other health and social care groups. Helena Frankova explains how the protocol has been set up and how it works.
How to … recognise and support ancillary staff
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: March 2019

Most care homes employ a range of ancillary staff, such as caterers, cleaners and gardeners. Adrian Ashurst points out the added value they bring to the home and advises on how their jobs can be made easier.
The CQC emerging concerns protocol
Authors: Frankova Helena
Published: March 2019

As well as inspecting services, the Care Quality Commission works with others to protect the safety and wellbeing of people who use services. This includes members of the Health and Social Care Regulators' Forum, says Helena Frankova
Safety netting to improve patient care
Authors: Randev Pawan
Published: March 2019

Continuity of care is not a factor in self-limiting illnesses, but when we consider the earlier diagnosis of serious conditions such as cancer, it can become a major concern. Pawan Randev explains how safety netting could provide a solution
UV-Absorbing Gallic Acid Derivatives as Functional Reinforcing Fillers in Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Films
Authors: M. Omer Raghad , T. Bakir Emaad , Ahmed Ahmed , Hasan Ali , Yousif Emad
Published: March 2019

The poly(vinyl chloride) PVC was photostabilized by gallic acid derivatives (0.5% by weight). The photodecomposition rate constant was reduced significantly in the existence of gallic acid derivatives along with PVC (blank). R1 compound was found to be the most effective stabilizer in photostabilization of PVC. The photodecomposition rate constant for PVC films containing R1 was found to be 1×〖10〗^(-4) compared to 8×〖10〗^(-4) sec-1 for PVC films in the absence of any additives. Different mechanisms of photostability for PVC films that involve gallic acid derivatives have been proposed.
Detection the Degradation of PS Thin Films Containing Triazole Complexes by FTIR Techniques
Authors: Haddad Raghad , S. Ahmed Dina , H. Al-Dahhan Wedad , Ahmed Ahmed , Mohammed Salam , Yousif Emad
Published: March 2019

4-amino-5-(pyridyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (X) with Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Sn2+ has been synthesized also used as PS photostabilizers. In chloroform solvent, these complexes mixed with PS to form modified PS, which involving (0.5 % wt) of complexes were prepared using casting method. At room temperature the intensity of light (6.02×10-9 Ein Dm-3 S-1) and wavelength 365 nm with utilized to irradiate polymeric films. PS films irradiation with UV light led to obvious changes in infrared spectra. The photostabilization activity of these polymeric films was investigated by observation the indices using FTIR spectroscopy.
A Review on Invariant Manifolds and Targeted Energy Transfer
Authors: Jamal Odysseas Maaita , Efthymia Meletlidou
Published: March 2019

We present a review on one of the latest developments in the field of dynamical systems, The nonlinear Targeted Energy Transfer (TET). The great significance of the phenomenon lies in the fact that the systems in which Nonlinear TET occurs present a form of self-tuning and can transfer energy over a wide variety of frequencies (resonances). This makes nonlinear TET particularly suitable in practical applications where it is necessary to extract energy from multiple ways of oscillation. Dynamical systems where nonlinear TET occurs are systems with different time scales and are singular. This property allows us to study such systems with the use of singular perturbation theory. It has been shown that Nonlinear TET is related to the bifurcation of the Slow Invariant Manifold of such systems and their slow flow.
The Effect of Thickness of A Plectrum Used on The Sound Produced by A Guitar String
Authors: Charan Agrawal Vrushank
Published: March 2019

It is believed that the human ear is very sensitive to subtle changes in sounds. In the context of a guitar, the myriad of sounds produced by the strings depends majorly on the plucking technique of the player, but it is hypothesized that the sound produced by a string is also influenced, to some degree, by the thickness of the plectrum used for playing. This has led many to speculate whether bands and artists like the Beatles, Led Zeppelin and the Rolling Stones would have sounded very different if they hadn't used the right guitar plectrum. In this research paper, three plectrums of different thickness have been used to pluck electric guitar strings and the output electric voltage has been documented using the software Visual Analyzer. The observations show that the thickness of a plectrum indeed influences the sound produced by a guitar string to a significant extent
The Potential of Heavy Metals Contamination in the Surface Sediments of River Nile, Egypt
Authors: Nageeb Rashed Mohamed , ELSadeek Fouad Toufeek Mohamed , Abedeldaium Eltaher Mahmoud , Outhman Elbadry Ayman
Published: March 2019

Electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter, carbonates and five heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Pb) were measured seasonally in the sediments of River Nile (Egypt) during 2015. Ten sectors include 30 sites were selected along River Nile from Aswan to Armant to assess the levels of the studied parameters. Heavy metals in sediments were in the order of Pb < Cu < Zn < Mn < Fe, which indicated that Pb was found to be the least concentration in sediments, whereas Fe was the most accumulated element. Pearson’s correlation coefficients among the measured parameters were tested. Zn, Cu and Pb were positively correlated with electrical conductivity and organic matter accumulation and also they were positively correlated with each other. Sediments pollution load was studied through pollution indices [geo-accumulation index, pollution load index, modified degree of contamination, contamination factor and enrichment factor]. The pollution indices confirmed that the River Nile sediments in the studied area were not contaminated with these heavy metals except for some samples collected from certain sites as a result of the anthropogenic activities at these sites.
Problem-Based Learning for Responsive and Transformative Teacher Professional Development
Authors: McConnell Tom J. , Parker Joyce M. , Eberhardt Jan
Published: March 2019

Educational reform should include teacher professional development (PD) to help educators learn how to implement new programs. This article shares a research-tested model of PD that uses the analytic framework of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) to support professional learning. Evidence suggests that PBL is effective in changing content knowledge and pedagogical practice. To teach content, facilitators engage teachers in learning activities designed using common PBL structures. Stories about authentic phenomena present problems associated with specific concepts. Learners work in groups to analyze problems, seek additional information, and construct plausible solutions. This same approach can support Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) to help teachers examine and revise their own teaching. In this model, teachers collaborate to identify “problems of teaching.” The group uses PBL to analyze information and solutions. Teachers research teaching strategies, test a proposed strategy, and analyze evidence to build new understandings of teaching.
Introduction: First Volume of the Global Journal of Transformative Education
Authors: Ndemanu Michael T. , Coronel-Molina Serafin M.
Published: March 2019

Introduction to the first issue of the Global Journal of Transformative Education, written by Editors in Chief, Michael T. Ndemanu and Serafin M. Colonel-Molina.
CORRECTION OF IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS USING TOTAL TRANSPEDICULAR FIXATION IN A PATIENT WITH INCOMPLETE GROWTH
Authors: Chernyadjeva M. A. , Vasyura A. S. , Novikov V. V. , Dolotin D. N.
Published: March 2019

The paper presents a completed case of the surgical treatment of a 10-year-old female patient with progressive grade IV idiopathic scoliosis who underwent surgical correction using total transpedicular fixation. The paper demonstrates long-term results of treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in the actively growing patient without the use of epiphyseodesis and staged surgical interventions.
THE EFFICIENCY OF THE CENTRALIZED SYSTEM FOR DELIVERY OF SPECIALIZED MEDICAL CARE TO VICTIMS WITH ACUTE SPINAL CORD INJURY IN A MODERN METROPOLIS
Authors: Dulaev A. K. , Manukovskiy V. A. , Kutyanov D. I. , Iskrovskiy S. V. , Brizhan S. L. , Zhelnov P. V. , Dulaeva N. M.
Published: March 2019

Objective.To perform comparative assessment and identification of determinants of efficiency of the centralized system for delivery of specialized medical care to victims with acute spinal cord injury in the modern metropolis.

Material and Methods.The results of specialized medical care delivered to 2283 victims with acute spinal cord injuries were studied. The comparison group (decentralized system: treatment in several multidisciplinary hospitals in St. Petersburg) included 306 patients, and study group (centralized system: treatment in a specialized urban center for emergency spinal surgery) – 1977. Comparative analysis of the results of surgical treatment included 44 patients from comparison group and 223 patients from the study group (p> 0.05). The methods of non-parametric statistics were used.

Results.The centralized treatment system is characterized by a statistically significant increase in the rate of surgical activity, a manifold increase in the proportion of emergency spinal surgery (p < 0.01) and the mandatory use of modern technologies for surgical stabilization of the spine, shortening the hospital stay, as well as higher values of all indicators characterizing the results of treatment (p < 0.01).

Conclusion.In a large city, the centralized system of treating victims with spinal cord injury is characterized by more efficient use of urban health resources and better treatment outcomes. The key to its successful creation and subsequent operation, in addition to the centralization of medical care with the reasonable formation and distribution of the incoming patient flow, adequate logistic support for the treatment process and the presence of highly qualified medical personnel, is the availability of modern surgical technologies in delivering specialized emergency care.
Pięćdziesięciolecie gdańskiej historii wychowania
Authors: Grzybowski Romuald
Published: March 2019

In 2009, the Faculty of the History of Science, Learning and Education, operating within the structures of the Institute of Pedagogics at Gdańsk University, will celebrate 50th anniversary of its existence. The beginnings of the Faculty and the fust years of its operation are inseparably connected with the Higher School of Pedagogics in Gdańsk, in which, in 1958 students were offered courses in pedagogics. Following these developments, a proper organizational framework was established, which was supposed to promote the development of such studies. One of the elements was the Department of History of Learning and Education, renamed - at the close of the 1960s - the Faculty of the History of Learning and Education. Since 1983 it is the Faculty of the History of Science, Learning and Education. The founder and first director of the Department, and later of the Faculty was Professor Kazimierz Kubik. Following him, it was Professor Klemens Trzebiatowski who headed the Faculty for three years. Professor Lech Mokrzecki was the subsequent director for over twenty years. Since 2005, Professor Romuald Grzybowski from Gdańsk University has been the head of the Faculty. Since the foundation of the Faculty, its employees have been conducting intensive scholarly research, originally limited to local or regional studies, and later comprising all Poland. Numerous book publications, papers and lectures delivered at scholarly conferences, form a material confirmation of intense scholarly activity by research and teaching staff of the Faculty. The scholarly conferences organized or co-organized by individual Faculty employees must be evaluated similarly. Another confirmation of the energy of the Faculty is participation of its employees in the process of education of the young ranks of scholars. The completion of ambitious tasks was possible due to such factors as stability of scholarly staff combined with their systematic replacement, good relationships between the Faculty’s employees, and, first of all, creative personality of successive directors of the Faculty. Owing to this creativity, the Faculty has not only survived, but develops intensively in all spheres of scholarly and didactic activity.
Muzeum Zabawek i Zabawy - Kielce
Authors: Bąk Aneta
Published: March 2019

The article presents a short history of the Museum of Toys and Play in Kielce since itsestablishment in 1979 until present times. Moreover, attempts have been taken to demonstrate how functioning of this institution changed over the years. It has been shown that - apart from the fundamental activity concerning: the acquisition, description and presentation of the exhibits - the Museum fulfils a number of other functions. Information has been revealed regarding the unique character and originality of the museum collections. The questions of collectorship, co-operation with Polish and foreign museums and scholarly institutions in Poland have been dealt with. A new image of the Museum of Toys and Play, which was created after moving the institution to the new building was noticed, as well as its development and a multi-faceted character. Also, it wasn’t left unnoticed that the museum occupies now an important place on the map of Kielce.
Między tradycją a nowoczesnością, pod red. K. Rędzińskiego, Wydawnictwo im. Stanisława Podobińskiego Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie, Częstochowa 2007, ss. 235
Authors: Głowacka-Sobiech Edyta
Published: March 2019

Między tradycją a nowoczesnością, pod red. K. Rędzińskiego, Wydawnictwo im. Stanisława Podobińskiego Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie, Częstochowa 2007, ss. 235
Słownik biograficzny polskiej historii wychowania, praca zbiorowa pod redakcją Andrzeja Meissnera i Władysławy Szułakiewicz, Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, Toruń 2008, ss. 921
Authors: Tomaszewski Roman
Published: March 2019

Słownik biograficzny polskiej historii wychowania, praca zbiorowa pod redakcją Andrzeja Meissnera i Władysławy Szułakiewicz, Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, Toruń 2008, ss. 921
Z dziejów ruchu harcerskiego. Studia - Szkice - Materiały 1911-2006, pod red. Edyty Czop, Oficyna Wydawnicza „Mercator”, Rzeszów 2006
Authors: Król Joanna
Published: March 2019

Z dziejów ruchu harcerskiego. Studia - Szkice - Materiały 1911-2006, pod red. Edyty Czop, Oficyna Wydawnicza „Mercator”, Rzeszów 2006
Konferencja naukowa na temat „Uniwersytet ludowy w kształtowaniu środowiska lokalnego. Konteksty historyczne i teraźniejszość”
Authors: Janik-Komar Joanna
Published: March 2019

Konferencja naukowa na temat „Uniwersytet ludowy w kształtowaniu środowiska lokalnego. Konteksty historyczne i teraźniejszość”
Myśl i praktyka edukacyjna niemieckich pietystów - poglądy i działalność Augusta Hermanna Frankego
Authors: Würker Sylwia
Published: March 2019

The article presents the opinions and pedagogical and educational activity of August Hermann Franke - a person of interesting biography and multifaceted activity. The main objective of this sketch is to demonstrate the influence of the assumptions and practice of Pietists on pedagogical concepts and pragmatic enterprises. As far as the origin and the evolution of Pietists are concerned, the author discusses the common, fundamental assumptions (internalized faith, active social engagement, missionary work aimed at improvement of social conditions) and their exemplifications in the activity of August Hermann Franke. The fundamental conceptions of Franke were based on pietistic motivation for life according to faith and individual experience in working with the youth. The article depicts the functioning of centres and schools founded by Franke, in which the founder introduced progressive teaching and educational methods, promoted an individual approach towards pupils. Also, he maintained strict discipline and a system of reprimand, reproval, threats and punishment. The sketch stresses the significance of teachers’ training for the role of educators and also indicates which assumptions and educational practices of Franke survived until modern-day times.
Problematyka edukacji dziewcząt na łamach czasopism kobiecych w latach 1918-1939
Authors: Łozowska-Marcinkowska Kamilla
Published: March 2019

The question of girl’s education was broadly discussed in the columns of women’s magazines. For the majority of women’s press editorial boards, there were two key issues which dominated in the articles. The first issue was connected with promotion, among women readers, of awareness that providing education for their daughters became necessary in order to compete with men on the job market. The second issue, in turn, concerned the condition of women’s educational system in Polish territories and the direction of development it should evolve in the face of new challenges posed before women in the Second Polish Republic.
Praktyka i myśl edukacyjna Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej - w 90 rocznicę odzyskania niepodległości
Authors: Jamrożek Wiesław
Published: March 2019

The situation of the Republic of Poland, which was revived in 1918, in the educational field was dramatically difficult. As a consequence of partitions, the Second Republic of Poland inherited a relatively high rate of analphabetism (over 6.5 million analphabets, which constituted approximately 33% of the entire population of the country older than 10 years). As a result of individual differences in the economic, political, social and legal systems of the states occupying Poland, the educational system on the Polish territories at the threshold of independence was largely different with regard to the number of schools, the organization, program and didactic assumptions. The reborn Polish state was confronted with an important task of unifying the system and the level of education. It must be emphasised that this task was actually accomplished. In this regard, an especially important role was fulfilled by the Act on the Educational System passed by the Sejm on March 11, 1932 (the act conclusively dissolved the remains of the educational legislation of the states which partitioned Poland). In the interwar Poland, not only the school system but also the so-called extraschool education developed. The period of the Second Republic of Poland was also the time of explosion of pedagogic thought. The most important theoretical trends in the educational sciences emerged at that time, primarily: “psychological pedagogy and the related great movement of New Education (progressive education)”, “sociological pedagogics (social pedagogy)”, “cultural pedagogy (humanistic, personalistic pedagogy)”. A special object of reflection on education in the Second Republic of Poland and of controversy in the pedagogics of the twenty years between the First and the Second World War in Poland was the question of the educational aims. In the period until 1926 the dominant trend influencing the educational practice to the largest extent was the so-called patriotic education, whereas in the subsequent years citizenship education prevailed.
Wysokość wskaźnika PKB a poziom szczęśliwości obywateli
Authors: Hajder Krzysztof , Górny Maciej
Published: March 2019

Poziom życia obywateli poszczególnych państw świata utożsamiany jest najczęściej z wysokością produktu krajowego brutto w ujęciu nominalnym oraz per capita. W przestrzeni publicznej natomiast mówi się o rozwoju „społeczno-go­spodarczym” mającym mieć odbicie w powyżej wymienionych wskaźnikach gospo­darczych. Przekonanie o uniwersalności tych mierników, a także zrównywanie roz­woju społecznego z gospodarczym staje się coraz częstszą podstawą zarzutów wobec miernika PKB. Jaka jest jednak prawdziwa relacja PKB do poziomu szczęśliwości obywateli? Zagadnienie to stanowi przedmiot rozważań autorów
Kształtowanie relacji państwo–diaspora: przykład czarnogórski
Authors: Domachowska Agata
Published: March 2019

Celem artykułu jest dokonanie analizy relacji państwo-diaspora na przykładzie Czarnogóry. W literaturze przedmiotu zauważalny jest brak dogłębnych badań tego zjawiska. Czarnogóra stanowi interesujący przypadek ze względu fakt, że liczba osób żyjących w diasporach jest porównywalna do liczby mieszkańców tego państwa. Artykuł składa się z czterech części. Pierwsza z nich stanowi przedstawienie rozważań teoretycznych na temat diaspor, ale także relacji państwo-diaspora. W ko­lejnej została pokrótce scharakteryzowana czarnogórska diaspora - jej historia, li­czebność oraz kierunki emigracji. Trzecia część stanowi analizę kształtowanych przez Czarnogórę relacji z diasporą. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na proces instytucjonali­zacji owych stosunków. Artykuł kończy podsumowanie.
Trauma transformacji w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej
Authors: Długosz Piotr
Published: March 2019

Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań nad traumą społeczno-kulturową w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej. Do weryfikacji teorii traumy zostały wykorzystane reprezentatywne dane sondażowe z Białorusi, Bułgarii, Węgier, Rumunii, Polski, Rosji i Ukrainy. Prowadzone analizy pokazały, że społeczeństwo postkomunistyczne negatywnie oceniło zmiany systemu gospodarczego i politycznego. Źródłem trau­my był spadek poziomu życia oraz wzrost przestępczości. Respondenci uważali, że w wyniku transformacji stracili na zmianach i pod wpływem powstałej traumy pesymistycznie oceniali przyszłość. Rekcją na pojawiającą się traumę była nostalgia za socjalizmem i bezpieczeństwem społecznym przezeń oferowanym. Czynnikami łagodzącymi szok w społeczeństwie postkomunistycznym było wykształcenie, młodszy wiek i orientacja proeuropejska.
Polska w strefie euro? Trzy scenariusze i ich prawdopodobne konsekwencje ogólnoekonomiczne
Authors: Götz Marta , Nowak Bartłomiej E. , Orłowski Witold M.
Published: March 2019

Dyskusje i badania polskiego członkostwa w strefie euro są w obecnych, dynamicznie zmieniających się warunkach obarczone dużą dozą niepewności, stąd ograniczać się mogą jedynie do kreślenia scenariuszy. Niniejsze opracowanie skupia się na aspektach gospodarczych decyzji o: 1) definitywnej rezygnacji z wprowadzenia wspólnej waluty w Polsce, 2) szybkiej akcesji do strefy euro oraz 3) odsunięciu w czasie udziału Polski w tej strefie. Każdy z wariantów rodzi inne skutki polityczno-ekonomiczne i tym samym wyznacza inne ścieżki długookresowego rozwoju polskiej gospodarki.
Publiczne notowanie akcji jako źródło finansowania małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw
Authors: Rymarczyk Jan
Published: March 2019

Najważniejszą barierą rozwoju małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw (MŚP) jest ograniczony dostęp do źródeł finansowania. W fazie startu wykorzystują one zwykle środki własne, rodziny i przyjaciół. Następnie zaś sięgają one po kre­dyt bankowy, którego otrzymanie jest trudne ze względu na brak historii finansowej, gwarancji i ekonomiczną ich słabość. Nieliczne mogą korzystać z grantów rządowych i wsparcia międzynarodowych organizacji (np. Unii Europejskiej). Pomocnymi mogą być alternatywne źródła finansowania takie jak venture capital, mezzanine, crowdfunding, emisja obligacji oraz publiczna emisja akcji (Initial Public Offering: IPO). Ten ostatnio wymieniony sposób finansowania może przynieść znaczne korzy­ści dla MŚP; umocnić ich pozycję rynkową i umożliwić ekonomiczną ekspansję, ale związany jest z wieloma barierami. Do najważniejszych należą trudność spełnienia kryteriów notowania na giełdzie lub specjalnych platformach, nawet jeśli są one ła­godniejsze niż dla dużych firm, wysokie koszty, brak wiedzy o rynku kapitałowym i niska płynność akcji MŚP. Dlatego niezbędne jest podjęcie przez rządy, organizacje międzynarodowe i krajowe oraz interesariuszy działań zmierzających do likwidacji lub ograniczenia tych barier.
Human security, human rights and international law, and interactions between them
Authors: Szpak Agnieszka
Published: March 2019

Autorka analizuje związek między prawem międzynarodowym a koncepcją bez­pieczeństwa ludzkiego, które pojawiła się w latach 90-tych XX wieku. Artykuł jest podzielony na trzy części. Część 1 przedstawia pojęcie bezpieczeństwa ludzkiego, jego genezę i treść. Część 2 analizuje relacje między bezpieczeństwem ludzkim a pra­wem międzynarodowym i krótko rozważa najbardziej reprezentatywne aspekty prawa międzynarodowego, w tym międzynarodowego orzecznictwa, które w opinii autorki odzwierciedlają imperatywy bezpieczeństwa ludzkiego. Wreszcie wnioski końcowe dostarczają odpowiedzi na postawione pytania i wskazują na wartość dodaną koncep­cji bezpieczeństwa ludzkiego. Pytania brzmią następująco: W jaki sposób bezpieczeń­stwo ludzkie może wzmocnić działania międzynarodowe (działania oparte na prawie międzynarodowym)? Gdzie w prawie międzynarodowym odzwierciedlone jest bez­pieczeństwo ludzkie? Jaka jest rola prawa międzynarodowego dla bezpieczeństwa ludzkiego? Biorąc to wszystko pod uwagę, jaka jest wartość dodana przyjęcia kon­cepcji bezpieczeństwa ludzkiego? Artykuł ten jest nieuchronnie interdyscyplinarny, ponieważ łączy perspektywy prawa międzynarodowego i stosunków międzynarodo­wych.
Biases in Affective Forecasting and Recall as a Function of Borderline Personality Disorder Features
Authors: Hughes Christopher D. , Rizvi Shireen L.
Published: March 2019

Introduction: The ability to predict emotional experiences, “affective forecasting,” is an essential factor in individuals' decision-making processes. Research has shown that, generally, individuals are inaccurate in their affective forecasts/recollections, and that certain psychological disorders may be related to individual differences in these inaccuracies, or biases. Understanding the role of affective biases in disorders characterized by emotion dysregulation, like Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), may provide important information regarding the sources of said dysregulation. The present study aimed to identify specific or unique patterns in affective forecasting/recall biases as a function of BPD features.

Method: Using a sample of undergraduates (n = 185), we compared predicted and recalled affective states with actual affect following a sadness-evoking film clip. We predicted that higher levels of BPD features would be associated with greater affective forecasting and recall biases.

Results: Results indicated that BPD features predicted a specific pattern of forecasting and recall biases regarding the clip. Counter to our hypotheses, as BPD features increased, forecasts/recollections of their affective states following the sadness-evoking film clip were more accurate (less biased).

Discussion: Results indicate that BPD features may be related to a specific pattern of bias with negative affective states and warrant further study. Furthermore, this study provides evidence that disorder-specific patterns of forecasting/recall bias can be studied with a laboratory-based paradigm.
Depressive Adolescent Girls Exhibit Atypical Social Decision-Making in an Iterative Trust Game
Authors: Mellick William , Sharp Carla , Ernst Monique
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Interpersonal trust behavior is an important target for the identification and treatment of psychiatric disorders with interpersonal dysfunction. Adolescent depression is a highly interpersonal disorder marked by impaired social interactions. However, trust has received little empirical attention. The examination of reward-related decision-making using behavioral economic methods is a relatively novel approach for studying trust in adolescent depression. The present study employed a modified trust game to examine whether depressive adolescents exhibited perturbed reward-related decision-making in social and/or nonsocial contexts.

Methods: One hundred and thirty adolescent girls (65 depressive, 65 healthy comparisons) played a modified trust game under two conditions, interpersonal risk-taking (trust) and general risk-taking (lottery), and completed self-report psychopathology measures.

Results: Three-way repeated measures ANCOVA analyses revealed a significant group × game interaction such that while the depressive group invested more across trials in the trust game they invested similarly to healthy comparisons in the lottery condition.

Discussion: Findings highlight the interpersonal nature of adolescent depression. Future research may help determine whether increased trust behavior is characteristic of depression in adolescent girls. Behavioral economic games, like the trust game, may serve as valuable therapeutic tools for improving social interaction style among depressive adolescents.