bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Radioterapi dengan Kejadian Depresi pada Pasien Lansia dengan Kanker Kepala Leher
Authors: Sekarnegari Gendis
Published: September 2019

Latar belakang : Laju pertumbuhan penduduk usia lanjut mengalami peningkatan yang konstan terutama di negara-negara berkembang. Pertumbuhan ini diiringi dengan prevalensi penyakit yang meningkat, salah satunya kanker kepala dan leher. Radioterapi yang merupakan modalitas utama kanker kepala dan leher dapat memberikan efek yang buruk bagi keadaan psikososial pasien, termasuk depresi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur hubungan antara radioterapi dengan skor Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) pada dua kelompok sampel; pasien yang belum dan sedang menjalani radioterapi. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional pada 28 pasien usia lanjut dengan kanker kepala dan leher di Instalasi Radioterapi RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang sejak bulan April hingga Agustus 2015. Karakteristik sosiodemografis dan data klinis yang mencakup diagnosis kanker, stadium dan frekuensi radioterapi adalah data sekunder yang diambil dari catatan medik, diikuti oleh wawancara berbasis kuesioner. Analisis statistik menggunakan Independent T-test dan uji korelasi Pearson. Hasil :  Rerata total skor GDS berbeda secara signifikan pada pasien yang belum menjalani terapi dan pada pasien yang sedang menjalani terapi dengan skor masing-masing 2,64 dan 6,64 (p=0,01). Terdapat hubungan signifikan positif kuat antara radioterapi dengan kejadian depresi (p=0,006, r=0,507). Stadium kanker memiliki korelasi yang sangat lemah terhadap skor GDS (r=0,141) Simpulan : Terdapat hubungan antara kejadian depresi dengan paparan terhadap radioterapi pada pasien usia lanjut dengan kanker kepala dan leher
Hubungan Rentang Tangan dan Fungsi Paru Pada Anak Asma
Authors: Kusumo Hanif
Published: September 2019

Latar belakang : Asma merupakan penyakit yang sering ditemukan pada anak usia sekolah. Diperlukan tes fungsi paru (TFP) dalam diagnosis asma. Nilai tes fungsi paru dapat diprediksi dari tinggi badan. Ada kalanya deformitas atau kelainan tertentu pada anak menyebabkan anak tidak dapat diukur tinggi badannya. Rentang tangan merupakan parameter tubuh terbaik yang dapat menggantikan tinggi badan dalam memprediksi nilai fungsi paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara rentang tangan dan fungsi paru pada anak usia sekolah dengan riwayat asma di Semarang. Metode : Rancangan penelitian adalah cross-sectional pada Maret-Juni 2015. Subjek penelitian adalah anak dengan riwayat asma usia 6 sampai 12 tahun yang dievaluasi menggunakan kuesioner ISAAC. Data antropometrik dan nilai tes fungsi paru didapatkan dengan mengukur subjek secara langsung. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Pearson dan uji Spearman serta dilakukan juga uji regresi linier. Hasil : Subjek penelitian berjumlah 30 anak usia 6 sampai 12 tahun. FEV1 dan PEFR menunjukkan korelasi yang signifikan dengan rentang tangan. Hasil uji regresi linier menunjukkan beberapa persamaan regresi untuk menentukan nilai tes fungsi paru dari indeks antropometrik pada anak asma usia 6 sampai 12 tahun antara lain FVC=0,025*RT1.676, FEV1=0,23*RT1,482, dan PEFR=0,043*RT2,592. Simpulan : FVC, FEV1, dan PEFR menunjukkan korelasi positif yang signifikan dengan rentang tangan pada anak asma. Persamaan regresi nilai prediksi fungsi paru dari rentang tangan belum bisa dikatakan akurat untuk diaplikasikan pada anak-anak di Indonesia dengan riwayat asma dikarenakan jumlah sampel yang sedikit
Pengembangan Modul Mata Kuliah Strategi Belajar dan Pembelajaran Pada FKIP-Universitas Baturaja
Authors: Agustina Nora , Adesti Anita
Published: September 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan modul pembelajaran yang valid dan praktis pada mata kuliah Strategi belajar dan pembelajaran pada Program Studi Teknologi Pendidikan FKIP Universitas Baturaja. Metode penelitian menggunakan Metode Pengembangan dengan model desain pengembangan produk Rowntree. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui (1) uji para ahli (expert) meliputi uji ahli media, ahli desain dan ahli materi, kemudian (2) uji Lapangan meliputi: uji perorangan (one to one), uji kelompok kecil (Small Group) dan Uji Lapangan (field tes), Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 20 orang responden. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian telah dihasilkan pengembangan modul pada mata kuliah Strategi Belajar dan Pembelajaran yang teruji validitasnya. Pengembangan modul yang dihasilkan dari aspek Materi sudah tepat dengan pembelajaran, menggunakan media cetak, gambar yang tepat, dan jelas dalam uraian materi, soal latihan dan soal evaluasi. Dari aspek Desain pembelajaran, Pengembangan modul yang dihasilkan memiliki kesesuaian pendekatan dalam pembelajaran, efektif dan efisien dalam pencapaian kompetensi, sesuai dengan karakteristik sasaran, soal latihan dan soal evaluasi sesuai dengan RPS. Dari aspek Media modul yang dihasilkan memiliki kemenarikan dan kemudahan dalam memahami materi sehingga diharapkan dapat mendorong mahasiswa untuk lebih termotivasi dalam belajar. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa perkuliahan pada mata kuliah Strategi Belajar dan Pembelajaran menggunakan modul dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar mahasiswa.

Kata kunci : Pengembangan, Modul Pembelajaran, Strategi Belajar dan Pembelajaran
New Catalytic Approaches for Producing Alternative to MTBE Additives for Reformulation of Gasoline
Authors: Aldrees Saud
Published: September 2019

Due to the lead phase out that began in 1973, refiners had to replace the octane loss in gasoline. For this purpose, oxygenates and highly branched alkylates will play a major role as gasoline additives because they have relatively high octane ratings. Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) is the oxygenate as a gasoline additive the most widely used nowadays in most of the countries in the world. It is used to raise octane levels, enhance engine performance, improve combustion efficiency and to reduce emissions of air pollutants such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.
Investigation by TGA, DSC and DMA Urethane-Imide Copolymers with High Content of Hard Imide Blocks
Authors: Didenko Andrei , Smirnova Valentina , Popova Elena , Vaganov Gleb , Ivanov Alexey , Kuzmenko Ekaterina , Kuznetsova Tatyana , Kudryavtsev Vladislav
Published: September 2019

Poly (diethylene glycol) adipate diol, tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate, 1,3-bis (3',4-dicarboxylphenoxy) benzene and 1,4-bis (4'-aminophenoxy) biphenyl were used as monomers to form statistical copoly (urethane-imide) s with variable content of imide blocks (from 37 to 65% (wt)). The copolymers imide blocks on the Tg and Tm values relative content increasing effect was traced, which is associated with the phase separation of hard imide and flexible polyester blocks in the systems studied.
General Method of Research of Electrophysical Properties of Nanostructured Composites
Authors: Baryshev Gennady Konstantinovich , Berestov Aleksandr Vasilievich , Tokarev Anton Nikolaevich , Kondrateva Anastasia S. , Chernykh Polina Olegovna
Published: September 2019

The paper presents an information model and a general methodology for studying the electrophysical properties of materials and products from nanostructured composites. The information model of the original methodology for the standard process of experimental measurement and study of the electrophysical properties of composites comprehensively takes into account the characteristics associated with their industrial production (quality assurance systems, safety, certification, etc.) in order to develop experimental measurement methods and new standards, including standards of enterprises, methodological guidelines, work programs for the development of high-tech production advanced materials and products.
Formulas for the Calculation of Temperatures and Concentrations of Carbon Responsible to the Parar Equilibrium of the Main Phases in Medium Sheet Steels
Authors: Zhitelev Pavel , Serzhenko Darya
Published: September 2019

With the help of the Thermo-Calc software package, arrays of calculated data were created for carbon concentrations in ferrite and austenite, corresponding to the para-equilibrium of these phases and their para-equilibrium with cementite, as well as for the corresponding temperatures A1 and A3. Marked arrays were obtained in wide temperature ranges for ranges of carbon concentrations and the most important substitution alloying elements (Mn; Si; Cr; Ni; Mo), covering the respective ranges for medium carbon and moderately alloyed steels. Analytical formulas were developed on the basis of the reference data arrays for calculating para-equilibrium concentrations of carbon in ferrite and austenite (depending on temperature and chemical composition), as well as temperatures A1 and A3 (depending on chemical composition), which allow to reproduce with high accuracy the results obtained using Thermo-Calc.
Investigation of Crystallization Process of a Single Crystal Nickel-Based Alloy during the Laser Multilayer Cladding
Authors: Korsmik R.S. , Turichin Gleb A. , Zadykyan G.G. , Zhitenev Andrey Igorevich
Published: September 2019

The article shows the results of multilayer laser cladding of heat-resistant single crystal nickel-based alloy ZhS32-VI (CSMX-4 analogue). The influence of the main technological parameters on geometry and microstructure formation of deposited beads was investigated. Based on obtained dependencies, the regression equations are compiled for describing the shape of bead and the ratio of directional and equiaxial crystallized sections. The obtained dependencies of regime parameters nomination allow restoring the gas-turbine blades by the method of laser cladding.
Quasi-Optimal Correlation Algorithm for Measuring the Parameters of Surface Microrelief
Authors: Abramov Aleksei , Bobrovskij N.M. , Nosov Nikolay , Tabakov Vladimir , Galyalieva Karina
Published: September 2019

Proposed a method for measuring parameters of micro-surface machine parts optoelectronic and computer facilities, based on the computation of two-dimensional settings of the autocorrelation function, based on the binary image of the investigated microrelief using kvazioptimalnogo correlation algorithm. Found to be the most informative characterization of the studied surfaces, micro precision components reliably distinguished from each other with a given probability, is the average amplitude of the variable component of the autocorrelation function. Shows the results of determining the parameters of microrelief surface of runner blade GTM using quasi-optimal correlation algorithms.
Effects of PTA Deposition Parameters on Coating Quality of 41Cr4, 50CrV4 and 100Cr6 Steel
Authors: Golovin Pavel A. , Mildebrath Maximilian , Zemlyakov Evgeniy
Published: September 2019

Present paper is about experimental investigation coating quality obtained by plasma transferred arc (PTA) welding in relation to the material-and process parameters. The aim of work is to get different materials coatings with satisfactory properties, which could be used at hybrid bevel gears further. The main idea of this method is to create bi-metal workpieces by deposition one material over other, then form it by thermo-mechanical processing. Using hybrid bevel gears would reduce costs because the gear would not be made of one expensive material, but has only a functional surface layer with cheap core. In is investigation steel cylinders made of C22 are coated with the higher-quality heat-treatable different steels: 41Cr4, 50CrV4 and 100Cr6 using PTA welding. Coating quality is depend on many deposition parameters, such a feederate, current, preheating temperature etc.
Manifestation of Сoncentration Quenching of Fluoroaluminate Glasses Doped with Erbium
Authors: Klinkov Victor , Semencha Aleksander , Tsimerman Evgenia , Osipov Artem , Dronova Margarita G.
Published: September 2019

Fluoroaluminate glasses of the composition 2Ва (РО3)2–98MgCaSrBaYAl2F14-xErF3, where x=0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mol. % have been prepared by melt quenching technique and characterized by optical absorption, emission spectra and decay curve analysis. Measured transmission spectra indicate the high practical relevance of the composition of glasses under investigation for photonics and optoelectronics products. In the region of 500–700 nm, luminescence spectra with peaks at about 522, 550, and 665 nm were obtained. The positions of the luminescence bands have been described using an erbium ion energy scheme. The concentration dependences of the absolute quantum yield values for the series of Er3+-doped fluoroaluminate glasses were also established. The maximum value of absolute quantum yield was found for a sample with Er3+ concentration 0.21∙1020 сm-3. The main reason for reducing the values of absolute quantum yield is concentration quenching.
Close-to-process strain measurement in ultrasonic vibration-assisted turning
Authors: Kimme Simon , Hafez Nessma , Titsch Christian , Werner Jonas Maximilian , Nestler Andreas , Drossel Welf-Guntram
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The application of ultrasonic vibration assistance in machining offers many benefits over conventional machining. In some machining processes, like the generation of geometrically defined microstructures by cutting, the interaction of the system components and the machining process can be particularly crucial with respect to the production result. Monitoring of ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining in terms of the in-process measurement of frequency and amplitude is currently realized by measurement inside the actuator; thus, measurement is presently undertaken relatively far away from the cutting process. In this paper an in-process measurement set-up based on strain gauges positioned close to the cutting edges is presented. It is used to investigate the induced vibration in the ultrasonic horn. Experiments on machine samples with and without ultrasonic vibration
assistance are performed using the in-process measurement set-up
described. The results of the strain gauges are analysed in comparison
to internal feedback signal and surface measurements. The experiments show the high sensitivity of the measurement set-up presented and a huge gain of information compared with the conventional measurement approach. This enables improved controllability of the excited mode shapes as well as in-process adjustment of the ultrasonic vibration frequency and amplitude for the manufacturing of defined microstructures.
A simple stress-based cliff-calving law
Authors: Schlemm Tanja , Levermann Anders
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Over large coastal regions in Greenland and Antarctica the ice sheet calves directly into the ocean. In contrast to ice-shelf calving, an increase in calving from grounded glaciers contributes directly to sea-level rise. Ice cliffs with a glacier freeboard larger than ≈100 m are currently not observed, but it has been shown that such ice cliffs are increasingly unstable with increasing ice thickness. This cliff calving can constitute a self-amplifying ice loss mechanism that may significantly alter sea-level projections both of Greenland and Antarctica. Here we seek to derive a minimalist stress-based parametrization for cliff calving from grounded glaciers whose freeboards exceed the 100 m stability limit derived in previous studies. This will be an extension of existing calving laws for tidewater glaciers to higher ice cliffs. To this end we compute the stress field for a glacier with a simplified two-dimensional geometry from the two-dimensional Stokes equation. First we assume a constant yield stress to derive the failure region at the glacier front from the stress field within the glacier. Secondly, we assume a constant response time of ice failure due to exceedance of the yield stress. With this strongly constraining but very simple set of assumptions we propose a cliff-calving law where the calving rate follows a power-law dependence on the freeboard of the ice with exponents between 2 and 3, depending on the relative water depth at the calving front. The critical freeboard below which the ice front is stable decreases with increasing relative water depth of the calving front. For a dry water front it is, for example, 75 m. The purpose of this study is not to provide a comprehensive calving law but to derive a particularly simple equation with a transparent and minimalist set of assumptions.
Parametric slat design study for thick base airfoils at high Reynolds numbers
Authors: Steiner Julia , Viré Axelle , Benetti Francesco , Timmer Nando , Dwight Richard
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Standard passive aerodynamic flow control devices such as vortex generators and gurney flaps have a working principle that is well understood. They increase the stall angle and the lift below stall and are mainly applied at the inboard part of wind turbine blades. However, the potential of applying a rigidly fixed leading edge slat element at inboard blade stations is less well understood but has received some attention in the past decade. This solution may offer advantages not only under steady conditions but also under unsteady inflow conditions such as yaw. This article aims at further clarifying what an optimal two-element configuration with a thick main element would look like, and what kind of performance characteristics can be expected from a purely aerodynamic point of view. To accomplish this an aerodynamic shape optimization procedure is used to derive optimal profile designs for different optimization boundary conditions including the optimization of both the slat and the main element. The performance of the optimized designs shows several positive characteristics as compared to single element airfoils, such as a high stall angle, high lift below stall, low roughness sensitivity and higher aerodynamic efficiency. Furthermore, the results highlight the benefits of an integral design procedure, where both slat and main element are optimized, over an auxiliary one. Nevertheless, the designs also have two caveats, namely a steep drop in lift post-stall and high positive pitching moments.
Harina de guayaba taiwanesa como sustituto de almidón en la producción de embutidos crudos y cocidos
Authors: Cosme Linares Walter Alexander , Pacheco de Jordán Melba Jeannette , Saravia Arias Blanca Estela
Published: September 2019

La investigación se realizó en el laboratorio de investigación de la Universidad Católica de El Salvador sede Ilobasco, Cabañas en El Salvador, a raíz de aprovechar excedentes de producción de guayaba taiwanesa. De los excedentes de cosecha se recolectó y clasificó fruta para establecer calidad, protegiendo la inocuidad de los mismos; luego los frutos fueron rebanados sin sobrepasar 5mm de ancho, ya que a mayor grosor menor deshidratación, inclusive a 60°C y velocidad del aire 3.5m/s. Luego de la obtención de harina de guayaba se determinaron los porcentajes a ser agregados a las diferentes fórmulas. Se evaluó y caracterizó la harina de guayaba mediante análisis proximal y análisis de textura; posterior a la caracterización se pulverizó y tamizó para luego experimentar con dos porcentajes de harina de guayaba 1.7% y 3.4% como sustituto de almidón en la elaboración de embutidos crudos y cocidos. Se puede afirmar porlos resultados de los análisis organolépticos que es factible la elaboración de embutidos crudos y cocidos con harina de guayaba, ya que esta no altera ninguna de las cualidades organolépticas en la producción de embutidos crudos y cocidos.
Perception of Newcomers Regarding Learning English and Culture in Canada
Authors: Khan Shahla Sattar , Takkac Mehmet
Published: September 2019

There are some factors, which are motivational, and on the other hand, there are many challenges that may cause hindrance for learning English as a second language. Therefore, the main objective is to assess perception regarding factors for learning English as a second language, especially among new immigrants. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a Polycultural center, Canada during the period of June-2017 to July-2017. The results of the study reinforced that new immigrants face challenges while learning English. Almost more than half the participants said that they find difficulty in understanding majority words. Regarding learning culture, two-thirds mentioned that the learning about culture gives them different points of view about the world and develops their critical thoughts. However, the socio-demographic characteristics like age, native language, play an important role in learning English.
Defoliation Levels Supported in Soybean Crop With No Harm on Productivity in the Municipality of Parauapebas
Authors: Damasceno L. J. , Silva V. F. A. , Silva J. N. da , Silva P. A. , Lima C. C. , Silva J. P. da , Galvão J. R. , Melo N. C. , Valente G. F.
Published: September 2019

The reduction in the leaf area is one of the causes in the fall in soybean (Glycine max) productivity as it depends on the production of photoassimilates generated by the leaves, so any factor that interferes in its leaf area may affect the production. The attack of defoliating insects is among such factors. They cause a marked drop in grain yield due to its direct action, therefore, reducing the leaf area, consequently reducing the photosynthetic rate of the plant. The agronomic characteristics of the cultivars may interfere on the level of tolerance of the plant to this type of stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of defoliation levels on the vegetative and reproductive stages on the development and yield of grains in soybean cultivars. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 2×11×2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. Factors consisted of defoliation stage (vegetative and reproductive), treatment levels (T1-control plant and ten treatments of artificial defoliation) and soybean cultivars (BRS 9090 RR and BRS 8890 RR). The following variables were evaluated: grain yield, dry mass of the pod, leaf dry mass, stem and root dry mass, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, length and width of roots. It was observed that the defoliation had a negative effect on the productivity components of the cultivars, with the highest decrease in the reproductive stage, except for the treatment R5, 100% defoliation at the R5 stage, which was also reduced. In relation to the cultivars, the BRS 8890 RR was 27% better in grain yield in relation to BRS 9090 RR.
Evaluation of the Growth and the Yield of Eggplant Crop Under Different Irrigation Depths and Magnetic Treatment of Water
Authors: Souza Álvaro Henrique Cândido de , Rezende Roberto , Seron Cássio de Castro , Lorenzoni Marcelo Zolin , Nascimeto Jean Marcelo Rodrigues do , Lozano Cláudia Salim , Nalin Daniel , Terassi Daniele de Souza , Gonçalves Antônio Carlos Andrade , Saath Reni , Freitas Paulo Sérgio Lourenço de
Published: September 2019

The use of magnetizers for the treatment of irrigation water can be used in agriculture as an alternative to increase the growth and yield of several crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation depths and magnetic treatment of water on eggplant crop cultivated in protected environment. The study was carried out in two experiments, in the first one, the design was completely randomized with four replications and two factors: water depths (50, 75 and 100% ETc) for two water qualities (water treated by magnetizers and water without treatment). In the second one, the design was completely randomized with five replicates and two factors: water depths (75 and 100% ETc) for two irrigation water treatment (water treated by magnetizers and water without treatment). In the second experiment was ignored the treatment of 50% of ETc in order to increase the number of repetitions to check if there are differences between water treated to water without treatment. There were no significant differences in eggplant yield and growth as function of the magnetic treatment of water. The water depth that provided the highest yield, number of fruits per plant and stem dry matter in the two experiments was 100% ETc regardless of water quality.
Over de Tiffany/Swatch-procedures en het Nederlandse materiële recht bezien vanuit internationale partijen
Authors: Luycks J.M. , Hendrikx A.M.M.
Published: September 2019

Over de Tiffany/Swatch-procedures en het Nederlandse materiële recht bezien vanuit internationale partijen

Deze bijdrage bevat een beschouwing naar aanleiding van de arbitrage en vernietigingsprocedure tussen Tiffany en Swatch. Het Nederlandse materiële recht bezien vanuit internationale partijen staat centraal, waarbij de focus ligt op het onderscheid tussen de uitleg en aanvulling van een overeenkomst en de gevolgen van een door partijen gemaakte rechtskeuze.
Herziening consumentenrechten: verkenning van Richtlijn 2019/771
Authors: Spanjaard J.H.M.
Published: September 2019

Herziening consumentenrechten: verkenning van Richtlijn 2019/771

Op 20 mei 2019 werd de Richtlijn Consumentenkoop aangenomen. Deze richtlijn gaat invloed hebben op de wettelijke regeling over conformiteit bij consumentenkoop. De richtlijn voorziet in een eigen conformiteitsregel en een eigen toepassingsbereik. In deze bijdrage wordt de richtlijn verkend en de invloed op de bestaande regeling besproken.
The influence of extraction method and conditions on the concentration of flavonoids in the extracts of rowanberries
Authors: Vaškelienė Vaida , Šlinkšienė Rasa
Published: September 2019

For the extraction, rowanberries (collected in 2017 and 2018) and aqueous solutions of various concentrations of ethanol (50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 96%) in a ratio of 1:10 were used. Different types of extraction methods (extraction under static conditions, Soxhlet extraction and ultrasound assisted extraction) were tested. Using different types of extraction methods, it was found that irrespective of the method chosen when the concentration of ethanol increases, the concentration of total flavonoids also increases. Using collected rowanberries in 2017, the highest and similar numerical value of the concentration of total flavonoids was reached when an ultrasound bath was used 20 min for extraction (0.512%) using a magnetic stirrer for 90 min (0.498%). In both cases, a 96% aqueous ethanol solution was used. The highest total concentration of flavonoids in the extracts of rowanberries collected in 2018, obtained under static extraction conditions, using a 96% aqueous ethanol solution, was 0.525%, in 2017 it was 0.418%.
Pesticide Residue Levels in Soil, Water, Kales and Tomatoes in Ewaso Narok Wetland, Laikipia, County, Kenya
Authors: Ngolo Peter , Nawiri Mildred , Machocho Alex , Oyieke Helida
Published: September 2019

Soil, water, kales and tomatoes from Ewaso Narok wetland were collected during wet and dry seasons and analyzed for 15 pesticide residues. Multi-residues method (QuEChERS EN) was used for sample preparation and Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) used for analysis. The soil was highly contaminated compared to water, kales and tomatoes. Banned (Aldicarb, azinphos methyl) and restricted (diazinon, chlorpyrifos and fenpropathrin) pesticide residues were detected in sample matrices in different concentrations. Residues levels that exceeded the European Union (EU) maximum residues limit (MRLs) were found in kales (triadimefon, cyproconazole I and II, fenpropathrin), tomatoes (cyproconazole I and II, fenpropathrin and spiroxamine) and water (aldicarb). All the pesticide residues concentrations were within the recommended levels of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Agricultural Food Organization (FAO). Residue levels were significantly high in the upstream and midstream during wet and dry seasons. Temperatures, conductivity (EC), pH, salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS) and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured to assess soil/water quality. All the physicochemical parameters were within the recommended levels. Though most residue levels were below the EU-MRLs, MCLs and within the toxicological levels (LD50), the negative effects of the long term exposure to the wetland biodiversity and human health are real and should not be ignored. Farmers need to embrace Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in order to reduce over-reliance on pesticide use in the wetland.
Nanotherapy in Joints: Increasing Endogenous Hyaluronan Production by Delivering Hyaluronan Synthase 2
Authors: Li Huimin , Guo Huilin , Lei Chang , Liu Li , Xu Liqin , Feng Yaping , Ke Jin , Fang Wei , Song Hao , Xu Chun , Yu Chengzhong , Long Xing
Published: September 2019

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint degenerative disease that causes pain, joint damage, and dysfunction. External hyaluronic acid (HA) supplement is a common method for the management of osteoarthritis which requires multi‐injections. It is demonstrated that biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles successfully deliver an enzyme, hyaluronan synthase type 2 (HAS2), into synoviocytes from the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and generate endogenous HA with high molecular weights. In a rat TMJ osteoarthritis inflammation model, this strategy promotes endogenous HA production and inhibits the synovial inflammation of OA for more than 3 weeks with one‐shot administration. Such nanotherapy also helps repairing the bone defects in a rat OA bone defect model.
Recent Advanced Materials for Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia from Dinitrogen: One Step Closer to a Sustainable Energy Future
Authors: Yan Zihao , Ji Mengxia , Xia Jiexiang , Zhu Huiyuan
Published: September 2019

Ammonia (NH3), an important raw material for chemical industry and agriculture, is also considered to be an intriguing energy storage and transportation media for chemical conversion schemes. The world's primary NH3 supply is based on the natural nitrogen fixation by diazotrophs through an enzymatic nitrogenase process and the industrial nitrogen fixation through a traditional Haber–Bosch process. The natural synthesis of NH3 can hardly meet the rapidly growing global demand. Meanwhile, the industrial NH3 production is still dominated by the high‐temperature and high‐pressure reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen (N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3), requiring intensive energy input and generating massive CO2. Therefore, seeking a breakthrough in the development of catalysts toward efficient ammonia synthesis has become the frontier of energy and chemical conversion schemes. This review summarizes and discusses the recent progress on developing new strategies to optimize the efficiency of NH3 production coupled with renewable energy sources, with a specific focus on electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic conversion of N2 to NH3. The most recent advances in the development of catalytic materials, the design of the reaction systems, and the computational insights for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical ammonia synthesis are covered.
Aqueous‐Phase Oxidation of N‐Substituted N‐PhosphonomethylGlycines into Glyphosate with Hydrogen Peroxide in the Presence of Carbon‐Supported Gold Catalysts
Authors: Pyrjaev Pavel A. , Yushchenko Dmitry Yu. , Moroz Boris L. , Pai Zinaida P. , Bukhtiyarov Valerii I.
Published: September 2019

The catalytic performance of carbon‐supported gold nanoparticles has been studied for the oxidative dealkylation of a series of N‐substituted N‐phosphonomethyl glycines into N‐phosphonomethyl glycine (“glyphosate”) using dilute (0.11 m) aqueous H2O2 solution as oxidant. It was shown that the electron‐donating inductive (+I) effect of the hydrocarbon substituent at the nitrogen atom greatly influences both the substrate reactivity and product distribution. Gold nanoparticles of 1.5‐2.5 nm in diameter synthesized by “cationic adsorption” technique on the mesoporous Sibunit carbons, which are pre‐oxidized with HNO3 and containing a lot of surface acidic groups, were found to catalyze the formation of glyphosate from N‐isopropyl‐N‐phosphonomethyl glycine at 70 °C with selectivity up to 94% at 98% substrate conversion. Oxidation of other substrates containing the substituents with a weaker +I effect than that of iPr group resulted a large amount of undesirable N‐decarboxymethylation product in addition to glyphosate. Considering the literature data and our own experimental results, assumptions about the reaction mechanism and causes of the observed trends are made.
Potential and Limitations in Estimating Sensible-Heat-Flux Profiles from Consecutive Temperature Profiles Using Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Systems
Authors: Båserud Line , Reuder Joachim , Jonassen Marius O. , Bonin Timothy A. , Chilson Phillip B. , Jiménez Maria A. , Durand Pierre
Published: September 2019

Profiles of the sensible heat flux are key to understanding atmospheric-boundary-layer (ABL) structure and development. Based on temperature profiling by a remotely-piloted aircraft system (RPAS), the Small Unmanned Meteorological Observer (SUMO) platform, during the Boundary Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence (BLLAST) field campaign, 108 heat-flux profiles are estimated using a simplified version of the prognostic equation for potential temperature $$\theta $$θ that relates the tendency in $$\theta $$θ to the flux divergence over the time span between two consecutive flights. We validate for the first time RPAS-based heat-flux profiles against a network of 12 ground-based eddy-covariance stations (2–60 m above ground), in addition to a comparison with fluxes from a manned aircraft and a tethered balloon, enabling the detailed investigation of the potential and limitations related to this technique for obtaining fluxes from RPAS platforms. We find that appropriate treatment of horizontal advection is crucial for obtaining realistic flux values, and present correction methods specific to the state of the ABL. Advection from a mesoscale model is also tested as another correction method. The SUMO heat-flux estimates with appropriate corrections compare well with the reference measurements, with differences in the performance depending on the time of day, since the evening period shows the best results (94$$\%$$% within the spread of ground stations), and the afternoon period shows the poorest results (63$$\%$$% within the spread). The diurnal cycle of the heat flux is captured by the SUMO platform for several days, with the flux values from the manned aircraft and tethered balloon coinciding well with those from the SUMO platform.
Central configurations in planar n-body problem with equal masses for $$n=5,6,7$$
Authors: Moczurad Małgorzata , Zgliczyński Piotr
Published: September 2019

We give a computer-assisted proof of the full listing of central configuration for n-body problem for Newtonian potential on the plane for $$n=5,6,7$$

n
=
5
,
6
,
7

with equal masses. We show all these central configurations have a reflective symmetry with respect to some line. For $$n=8,9,10$$

n
=
8
,
9
,
10

, we establish the existence of central configurations without any reflectional symmetry.
Resolvent Decomposition Theorems and Their Application in Denumerable Markov Processes with Instantaneous States
Authors: Chen Anyue
Published: September 2019

The basic aim of this paper is to provide a fundamental tool, the resolvent decomposition theorem, in the construction theory of denumerable Markov processes. We present a detailed analytic proof of this extremely useful tool and explain its clear probabilistic interpretation. We then apply this tool to investigate the basic problems of existence and uniqueness criteria for denumerable Markov processes with instantaneous states to which few results have been obtained even until now. Although the complete answers regarding these existence and uniqueness criteria will be given in a subsequent paper, we shall, in this paper, present part solutions of these very important problems that are closely linked with the subtle Williams S and N conditions.
Distinguishing between basic psychological needs and basic wellness enhancers: the case of beneficence as a candidate psychological need
Authors: Martela Frank , Ryan Richard M.
Published: September 2019

In order to be considered a basic psychological need, a candidate need should fulfill several criteria, including need satisfaction having a unique positive effect on well-being, and need frustration having a unique effect on ill-being, properties demonstrated by autonomy, competence and relatedness. Previous research has demonstrated that beneficence satisfaction—the sense of having a positive impact on other people—can have a unique positive effect on well-being. In the present study, we examined whether beneficence frustration—the sense of having a negative impact on other people—would be uniquely connected to ill-being. In the first study (N = 332;Mage = 38) we developed a scale to assess beneficence frustration. Then, in two subsequent cross-sectional studies (N = 444 and N = 426;Mage = 38/36) beneficence frustration is correlated with indicators of ill-being (negative affect, depression, anxiety, physical symptoms), but this connection disappears when controlling for the effects of autonomy, competence and relatedness need frustrations. The three needs fully mediate relations between beneficence frustration and all assessed well-being and ill-being indicators in both studies. This leads us to suggest a distinction between basic psychological needs and basic wellness enhancers, the satisfaction of which may improve well-being, but the neglect or frustration of which might not uniquely impact ill-being.
Comparison of quantum cascade structures for detection of nitric oxide at ~ 5.2 μm
Authors: Kolek Andrzej , Hałdaś Grzegorz , Bugajski Maciej
Published: September 2019

Nonequilibrium Green’s function method is used to calculate electronic and optical characteristics of various quantum cascade structures emitting light at ~ 5.2 μm wavelength. Basing on these simulations, the choice of optimal design can be done.
OsbHLH058 and OsbHLH059 transcription factors positively regulate iron deficiency responses in rice
Authors: Kobayashi Takanori , Ozu Asami , Kobayashi Subaru , An Gynheung , Jeon Jong-Seong , Nishizawa Naoko K.
Published: September 2019

Key message

Subgroup IVc basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors OsbHLH058 and OsbHLH059 positively regulate major iron deficiency responses in rice in a similar but distinct manner, putatively under partial control by OsHRZs.

Under low iron availability, plants transcriptionally induce the expression of genes involved in iron uptake and translocation. OsHRZ1 and OsHRZ2 ubiquitin ligases negatively regulate this iron deficiency response in rice. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor OsbHLH060 interacts with OsHRZ1, and positively regulates iron deficiency-inducible genes. However, the functions of three other subgroup IVc bHLH transcription factors in rice, OsbHLH057, OsbHLH058, and OsbHLH059, have not yet been characterized. In the present study, we investigated the functions of OsbHLH058 and OsbHLH059 related to iron deficiency response. OsbHLH058 expression was repressed under iron deficiency, whereas the expression of OsbHLH057 and OsbHLH060 was moderately induced. Yeast two-hybrid analysis indicated that OsbHLH058 interacts with OsHRZ1 and OsHRZ2 more strongly than OsbHLH060, whereas OsbHLH059 showed no interaction. An in vitro ubiquitination assay detected no OsbHLH058 and OsbHLH060 ubiquitination by OsHRZ1 and OsHRZ2. Transgenic rice lines overexpressing OsbHLH058 showed tolerance for iron deficiency and higher iron concentration in seeds. These lines also showed enhanced expression of many iron deficiency-inducible genes involved in iron uptake and translocation under iron-sufficient conditions. Conversely, OsbHLH058 knockdown lines showed susceptibility to iron deficiency and reduced expression of many iron deficiency-inducible genes. OsbHLH059 knockdown lines were also susceptible to iron deficiency, and formed characteristic brownish regions in iron-deficient new leaves. OsbHLH059 knockdown lines also showed reduced expression of many iron deficiency-inducible genes. These results indicate that OsbHLH058 and OsbHLH059 positively regulate major iron deficiency responses in a similar but distinct manner, and that this function may be partially controlled by OsHRZs.
The German value of time and value of reliability study: the survey work
Authors: Dubernet Ilka , Axhausen Kay W.
Published: September 2019

In 2012 Germany’s Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) initiated several projects in preparation of the new Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan (BVWP) 2030. This included an update of the general methodology and in particular of its cost–benefit analysis which is used to evaluate the effects of hundreds of German infrastructure projects under study. As part of the work the first official values of time (VOT) and values of reliability (VOR) for personal and business travel for Germany derived from a stated preference survey were estimated. From May 2012 until January 2013 nationwide data of more than 3000 participants was collected in a combined two-stage revealed and stated preference survey. This paper discusses the survey design, reports experience of the field phase and analyses the response behaviour of the sample. The stated choice experiments address mode, route, time of departure, workplace and residential location choice. The complex multi-attribute experiments of different types cover various aspects of short and long-term travel choice attributes which the respondent has to take into consideration during his decision process. Furthermore overlapping variables of the stated and revealed preference experiments enabled a joint estimation of the whole data for deriving the VOTs and VORs. Additionally numerous socio-demographic and attitudinal questions plus the large sample size for business and non-business trips make it a unique dataset offering various aspects of travel behaviour and their valuations to explore.
Editorial
Authors: Mansfield-Devine Steve
Published: September 2019

The humble password has long been a problem. Used on its own, it is a crude form of security – a simple ‘something you know’ that can be compromised in so many ways. And yet we seem to have trouble finding anything better.
Just about managing: dealing with the threats to industrial systems
Authors: Barda Ilan
Published: September 2019

Although studies and surveys from analyst firms Gartner and IDC differ slightly, there is an assumption that organisations spend around 10% of their IT budgets on cyber security. 1, 2 When differentiated by industry sector, financial services tend to spend more, leisure and hospitality slightly less. Industrial sectors including manufacturers that deploy industrial control system (ICS) solutions sit somewhere in the middle but often face a set of cyber security challenges that are harder to overcome. This includes budgets for upgrades often measured in five- to 10-year cycles that impose a major obstacle in the fast-changing world of IT-related security.

Industrial firms face some particularly difficult cyber security challenges. These include upgrades often measured in five- to 10-year cycles.

Many manufacturers that have operated within closed networks have failed to adapt to targeted threats. Underfunding of cyber security along with archaic security principles that lag 10 years behind the mainstream computing world can make industrial organisations easy targets. Firms need to look at holistic solutions that include people, skills and technologies across the organisation, says Ilan Barda of Radiflow.
CATSLife: A Study of Lifespan Behavioral Development and Cognitive Functioning
Authors: Wadsworth Sally J. , Corley Robin P. , Munoz Elizabeth , Trubenstein B. Paige , Knaap Elijah , DeFries John C. , Plomin Robert , Reynolds Chandra A. ,   The CATSLife Team
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this update is to provide the most current information about both the Colorado Adoption Project (CAP) and the Longitudinal Twin Study (LTS) and to introduce the Colorado Adoption/Twin Study of Lifespan behavioral development and cognitive aging (CATSLife), a product of their merger and a unique study of lifespan behavioral development and cognitive aging. The primary objective of CATSLife is to assess the unique saliency of early childhood genetic and environmental factors to adult cognitive maintenance and change, as well as proximal influences and innovations that emerge across development. CATSLife is currently assessing up to 1600 individuals on the cusp of middle age, targeting those between 30 and 40 years of age. The ongoing CATSLife data collection is described as well as the longitudinal data available from the earlier CAP and LTS assessments. We illustrate CATSLife via current projects and publications, highlighting the measurement of genetic, biochemical, social, sociodemographic and environmental indices, including geospatial features, and their impact on cognitive maintenance in middle adulthood. CATSLife provides an unparalleled opportunity to assess prospectively the etiologies of cognitive change and test the saliency of early childhood versus proximal influences on the genesis of cognitive decline.
Systemic MEK inhibition enhances the efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy
Authors: Chelakkot Vipin Shankar , Som Jayoti , Yoshioka Ema , Rice Chantel P. , Rutihinda Suzette G. , Hirasawa Kensuke
Published: September 2019

Background

Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) gets accumulated preferentially in 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-treated cancer cells. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilises the accumulated PpIX to trigger cell death by light-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We previously demonstrated that oncogenic Ras/MEK decreases PpIX accumulation in cancer cells. Here, we investigated whether combined therapy with a MEK inhibitor would improve 5-ALA-PDT efficacy.

Methods

Cancer cells and mice models of cancer were treated with 5-ALA-PDT, MEK inhibitor or both MEK inhibitor and 5-ALA-PDT, and treatment efficacies were evaluated.

Results

Ras/MEK negatively regulates the cellular sensitivity to 5-ALA-PDT as cancer cells pre-treated with a MEK inhibitor were killed more efficiently by 5-ALA-PDT. MEK inhibition promoted 5-ALA-PDT-induced ROS generation and programmed cell death. Furthermore, the combination of 5-ALA-PDT and a systemic MEK inhibitor significantly suppressed tumour growth compared with either monotherapy in mouse models of cancer. Remarkably, 44% of mice bearing human colon tumours showed a complete response with the combined treatment.

Conclusion

We demonstrate a novel strategy to promote 5-ALA-PDT efficacy by targeting a cell signalling pathway regulating its sensitivity. This preclinical study provides a strong basis for utilising MEK inhibitors, which are approved for treating cancers, to enhance 5-ALA-PDT efficacy in the clinic.
Black/red phosphorus quantum dots for photocatalytic water splitting: from a type I heterostructure to a Z-scheme system
Authors: Shi Rui , Liu Fulai , Wang Zhuan , Weng Yuxiang , Chen Yong
Published: September 2019

The junction between black and red phosphorus changes from a type I heterostructure for bulk materials to a Z-scheme system for quantum dots.
Enhanced in situ detection and imaging of lipids in biological tissues by using 2,3-dicyanohydroquinone as a novel matrix for positive-ion MALDI-MS imaging
Authors: Liu Yaqin , Chen Lulu , Qin Liang , Han Manman , Li Jinming , Luo Feixian , Xue Kun , Feng Jinchao , Zhou Yijun , Wang Xiaodong
Published: September 2019

DCH (2,3-dicyanohydroquinone), a fluorescent dye, was reported as a novel and powerful (+) MALDI matrix for lipid tissue imaging.
Half-metallic behavior in ruthenium-cyclopentadienyl organometallic sandwich molecules
Authors: Farzadi Roghayeh , Milani Moghaddam Hossain
Published: September 2019

We have theoretically investigated spin transport properties of one-dimensional ruthenium-cyclopentadienyl sandwich molecules, Run(Cp)n+1, between two gold electrodes.
Revealing the thermodynamics of individual catalytic steps based on temperature-dependent single-particle nanocatalysis
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Chen Tao , Xu Weilin
Published: September 2019

Due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of nanocatalysis, many underlying catalytic details on nanocatalysts are hidden in ensemble-averaged measurements.