bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“A gente está sempre com a guilhotina no pescoço”: precariedade e violência no trabalho docente
Authors: Silva Solange Lopes da , Ribeiro Carla Vaz dos Santos , Machados Brenda Barros
Published: February 2018

O atual cenário político-econômico tem gerado mudanças no ensino superior público, resultando na precariedade das condições e das relações laborais. Isto se materializa nas universidades, na figura dos professores substitutos, submetidos a um vínculo temporário. Nesse artigo, analisa-se a natureza da relação existente entre a precariedade, a ocorrência de violência no trabalho e suas repercussões subjetivas. Os dados aqui apresentados foram oriundos de uma pesquisa qualitativa, fruto de uma dissertação de mestrado, que usou o referencial teórico-metodológico da psicodinâmica do trabalho, em articulação com o materialismo histórico-dialético. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 28 professores, três gestores e 14 sessões coletivas, com seis docentes. Contemplou-se o cumprimento da resolução nº 510/16, do Conselho Nacional de Saúde, sobre a ética nas pesquisas em ciências sociais e humanas. Foram constatadas violências psicológicas no modo de organização do trabalho e nas relações estabelecidas, o que gera sofrimento e pode comprometer a saúde dos professores, embora não se tenha caracterizado a existência de patologias. Não obstante, o prazer no trabalho é vivenciado pelo sentido que este assume para os docentes e a sociedade, pelo grau de autonomia possibilitado no exercício das atribuições e ainda pelo reconhecimento vindo dos discentes.
O direito à educação superior e a licenciatura em educação do campo no Pará: riscos e potencialidades de sua institucionalização
Authors: Hage Salomão  Antônio Mufarrej , Molina Mônica Castagna , Silva Hellen Do Socorro de Araujo , Anjos Maura Pereira dos
Published: February 2018

O artigo analisa riscos e potencialidades que emergem da institucionalização/expansão da Licenciatura em Educação do Campo no Estado do Pará, ofertados pela UFPA, Campus de Cametá, e UNIFESSPA, Campus de Marabá, identificando desdobramentos quanto à ampliação do acesso das populações do campo à Educação Superior e à Educação Básica. Ele se referencia em um estudo de natureza bibliográfico, documental e de campo, vinculado à Rede Universitas-Br, que investiga a expansão da Educação Superior do campo ancorado no Materialismo Histórico Dialético. Os resultados indicam que em Cametá, o risco maior se vincula à dificuldade de materializar a alternância pedagógica sem dissociá-la dos princípios originários da educação do campo e, como potencialidade, destaca-se a afirmação de um currículo interdisciplinar na formação de Educadores realizada pelo Curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo. Em Marabá, o risco maior advém de ações desarticuladas na oferta da Educação Básica entre os entes federados, incluindo o tenso diálogo com a Secretaria Estadual de Educação quanto à construção do Ensino Médio, e, como potencialidade, destaca-se a relação entre universidade e movimentos sociais, construída como estratégia para o fortalecimento da legitimidade social do curso.
Environment Impact Analysis of Natural Graphite Anode Material Production
Authors: Zhang Qi Qi , Gong Xian Zheng , Meng Xian Ce
Published: February 2018

A quantitative analysis on the environment impact of natural graphite anode material is carried out based on life cycle assessment (LCA) method in this paper. The results show that, the main environment impact categories are human toxicity potential, particulate matter formation potential and marine ecotoxicity potential, which account for 26%, 19% and 15% of total environment impacts, respectively. The processes of production, purification and surface modification cause the strongest impact on the environment, because they consume a large number of electricity. Under the current electricity structure of China, improving the production technology and reducing the energy consumptions of purification and surface modification, are the effective methods of environment impact reduction for LIB anode materials.
Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Ag Doped TiO2 Nanofibers
Authors: Dong Hong Ying , Sun Qing Hong , Zhang Ting Ting , Ren Qi , Ma Wen
Published: February 2018

Ag/TiO2nanofibers were obtained by sol-gel method combined with uniaxial electrospinning. The effects of different sintering temperatures (400°C, 500°C, 600°C) and different concentrations of silver (0 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt%) on photocatalytic activity of TiO2were investigated. The morphology and interface interaction of the Ag/TiO2composites were investigated by SEM, TEM, XRD and UV-visible spectrophotometer. The experimental results showed that the diameter of the fiber sintered at 400°C is about 120 nm and the fiber is composed of 10-20 nm small particles. The degradation rate of methylene blue was 71% for the Ag/TiO2composites fiber with 1.0wt% silver and sintered at 400°C.
The Rheological Properties of Crumb Rubber with Different Recycled Waste Tires Modified Binders
Authors: Chen Hao , Wu Shao Peng , Liu Gang , Xue Yong Jie
Published: February 2018

In this study, three typical tires from bicycles, passenger-cars and trucks were collected and ground into crumb rubber modifiers (CRM) with different particle sizes to modify the asphalt binder. The composition and surface morphology of the three CRMs were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TG-MS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rheological properties of the binder were evaluated using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and a bending rheometer (BBR). The results show that the main rubber compositions in the bicycle tire (B), the passenger tire (P) and the truck tire (T) are butyl rubber (IIR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and natural rubber (NR), respectively. Adding CRMs improve rheological properties of base binder. Due to the differences between the composition and the structure, the rheological properties of the P CRM and T CRM containing more SBR and more NR are better at high temperatures and lower temperatures, respectively. And finally the CRM resources and particle size determine the rheological properties of modification effect of base binder. The results can be used to guide the classification and disposal of waste tires. According to the expected modification effect of the asphalt binder, the productions of asphalt pavement construction are enhanced by the high quality products of CRMs.
Effect of Different Media Aqueous Solution on Road Performance of Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Zhang Xue Mei , Pang Ling , Wu Shao Peng , Zhang Guo Fu
Published: February 2018

Servicing in the natural environment, asphalt pavement is often exposed to the various aqueous solution, however, the effect of different media aqueous solution on road performance of asphalt mixtures remains ambiguous. In this study, the influences of water, acid, alkali and salt solution on volume of air voids (VV), tensile strength rate (TSR), low temperature performance of 70# asphalt mixtures and SBS modified asphalt mixtures were investigated through freeze-thaw cycles test, void ratio test, Lottman test and Three-point Bending Fracture (TBF) test. The results indicated that freeze–thaw cycles influenced the road performance of asphalt mixtures significantly, increased the air void of asphalt mixtures, and reduced tensile strength ratio and failure strain of asphalt mixtures. Compared with the distilled water, the damage of acid, alkali and salt solution on the road performances of asphalt mixtures were more serious, especially alkali solution to tensile strength rate and failure strains in low temperature, and salt solution to VV. The moisture corrosion resistance of SBS modified asphalt mixtures is better than that of 70# asphalt mixtures.
Effect of Welding Parameters on Defects and Fracture Behavior of Friction Stir Welded 2195-T8 Al-Li Alloy Joints
Authors: Wu Yang , Mao Hua , Yang Qing Bo , Zhang Zhi Qing
Published: February 2018

In this work, the ratio of rotation rate to advancing speed was fixed to 10 to fabricate friction stir welding (FSW) butt joints of 2195 - T8 plates with 7.5 mm in thickness. The results revealed that the heat input of joints along the vertical direction varied with the welding parameters though these parameters had a same ratio. 500-50 and 600-60 joints failed in the thermal affected zone and thermal mechanical affected zone (TAZ/TMAZ), while other joints all failed in stirred zone (SZ). The hardness profile across the joints showed a similar W shape, while the hardness in bottom area increased with the increasing of parameters. Lazy S and kissing - bond defects appeared in all of these joints, and over - burn defect was also found in 1000-100 joint. It is concluded that the heat input distribution gradient during FSW across the joints becomes non-uniform and a sudden change between upper and lower areas even occurs.
Microstructure Evolution of Copper Strip during Continuous Extrusion and Rolling Forming
Authors: Yun Xin Bing , Tian Tian , Zhan Hong , Wang Cong , Zhao Ying
Published: February 2018

During the continuous extrusion and rolling forming process, the microstructure evolution of copper strip was investigated by the optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results indicated that the grains in the centre of as-cast rod billet were squashed in the clamping zone and were elongated in the rigid mobile zone. The fibrous structure formed in the upsetting zone. In the adhesion zone, the dynamic recrystallization occurred and the shear band was found. In the right-angle bending zone, the fibrous structure, recrystallized grains and shear bands existed together. The full dynamic recrystallization occurred in the extending extrusion zone. After continuous extrusion forming, the size of the grains of copper strip was larger than that in the extending extrusion zone. After rolling, the grains in copper strip were evidently stretched along the rolling direction, which resulted in the formation of stable direction. With the increase of rolling reduction, the grains were squashed gradually. When the rolling reduction increased from 2 to 6 mm, the tensile strength increased from 250 to 400 MPa, and the elongation decreased from 48% to 13%.
Thermal Deformation Behavior and Processing Map of Al-Mg-Er Alloy
Authors: Liu Ran , Huang Hui , Liu Ya , Rong Li
Published: February 2018

To study the hot deformation behavior of Al-Mg-Er alloy, hot compression tests were conducted on a Gleeble-1500D thermal simulator at the temperature range of 200-500°C with the strain rates from 0.001 to 10s-1. With the increase in the deformation temperature and the decrease in strain rates, the flow stress of the Al-Mg-Er alloy decreased. Processing maps were constructed to study on hot workability characteristics. The results showed that the flow stress curves exhibited the typical dynamic recrystallization characteristics and the stress decreased with the increase of deformation temperature and the decrease of strain rate. Moreover, the processing maps were established on the basis of dynamic material model and Prasad’s instability criterion.
Strain-Hardening Properties of High Grade Line Pipes
Authors: Ji Ling Kang , Feng Hui , Zhang Ji Ming , Chen Hong Yuan
Published: February 2018

The strain-hardening performance and characteristics of pipeline steel material have an important influence on the deformation behavior and arrest behavior of the line pipe. In this paper X70, selected, and the longitudinal and transverse tensile stress-strain curve and strain-hardening characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that the strain hardening exponent of the double-phased line pipes derived from the transvers stress-strain curve maintains relatively low level at early stage and increased gradually with variation of strain, which was different from the strain hardening behavior for the rest line pipes in this study. Phase ratio, grain size and dislocation density, precipitation, texture, etc. have an effect to the strain hardening behavior of pipeline steel.
Bake Precipitation Behavior in AA5182 Sheet for Can End Stock
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhao Pi Zhi , Zou Li Ying , Fan Rong Hui
Published: February 2018

By means of Vickers hardness tester, optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmitted electron microscope (HRTEM), the bake softening and precipitation behaviors of AA5182 H19 sheet for can end stock at 205°C and 249°C were investigated. All specimens at both temperatures showed recovery and bake softening phenomenon, which meaning the dislocation density and HV decreased. However, the specimens baked at 205°C showed higher recovery impediment, because the bake softening curve departed from the dynamic laws when it had less amount of recovery than the specimens baked at 249°C. The hardness was higher for the specimen baked at 205°C compared with the specimen baked at 249°C, even both specimens had the same dislocation density measured by XRD. Further observations revealed that the precipitated particles in the specimens baked at 205°C distributed along the shear bands. The precipitates were needle shape with the length of 5-15 nm and the width of 5-10 atom layers, which occurred mostly in the area with higher dislocation density. These precipitates were guessed to be Al-Mg binary phases, which could contribute to the higher hardness of the specimens baked at 205°C.
Efficient Micro-Arc Oxidation Technology for As-Cast AZ80 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Chen Yan Fei , Zhou Ji Xue , Song Xiao Cun , Liu Hong Tao , Yang Yuan Sheng
Published: February 2018

A new efficient micro-arc oxidation technology was developed for AZ80 magnesium alloy, the treating time was shorten to 3 min compared to the conventional micro-arc oxidation process. The surface morphologies and cross section morphology of the coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The corrosion behavior and process of the coatings were investigated with potentiodynamic polarization tests and salt spry tests. The research results show that a 4 μm thick oxide film grew rapidly on the surface of AZ80 magnesium alloy under the special prepared electrolyte and high density current. The corrosion resistance of ceramic coating prepared by the new technology was greatly improved for four order of magnitude and it was mainly consisted of dense layer, the coated samples exhibit excellent corrosion resistance not only in the potentiodynamic polarization tests but also in the long term corrosion tests.
Effects of Different Matrix on Interface and Compression Fracture Behavior of WC Particles Reinforced Iron Matrix Composites
Authors: Chen Feng Rui , Li Zu Lai , Shan Quan , Jiang Ye Hua , Zhang Ya Feng , Zhang Fei
Published: February 2018

The WC particles reinforced iron matrix composites were prepared by utilizing energy ball milling powder mixed and vacuum powder sintering method in this paper. The effects of two kinds of matrix on the micro-structure, interface and fracture mechanism of the composites were studied emphatically, and it provided a theoretical guidance for the design and engineering application of particle reinforced metal matrix composites. The results show that: in the two kinds of matrix composites, WC particles and interface had different degree of melting, WC particles and the matrix were metallurgical combination; ferritic matrix composites had better compressibility than pearlite matrix composites (1089Mpa); the fracture mode of ferrite matrix composites was quasi-cleavage fracture and pearlite matrix composites was pure cleavage fracture; the compressive micro-cracks of the two matrix composites generated at the interface and expand at the interface to a broad macroscopic crack, which eventually the material fails.
Effect of Cold Deformation and Annealing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 5083 Aluminum Alloy Sheets
Authors: Wu Jian Xin , Gao Chong , Huang Rui Yin , Liu Zhen Shan , Zhao Pi Zhi
Published: February 2018

5083 aluminum alloy, due to moderate strength, good thermal conductivity and formability, is an ideal structural material for car production. Influence of cold rolling process on microstructures and mechanical properties of 5083 aluminum alloys is significant and research hotspots. In this paper, cold deformation and annealing processes on grains, tensile properties and anisotropies of 5083 alloy sheets were studied. Results showed that incomplete recrystallization occured on 5083 alloy sheets when annealing temperature was at 300°C. The degree of recrystallization increased slightly with the cold deformation raised from 30% to 50% and varied slightly with prolonged annealing time from 2h to 4h. Furthermore, fully recrystallization occurred on 5083 alloy sheets at the annealing temperature above 320°C. Tensile strength of 5083 alloy sheets reduced significantly when the annealing temperature was raised from 300°C to 320°C, while it varied slightly when the annealing temperature continued to rise to 380°C.
In Situ Synthesis and Structural Design of Ti/TiC Functionally Graded Materials
Authors: Jin Qi , Ren Xue Ping , Hou Hong Liang , Zhang Yan Ling , Qu Hai Tao
Published: February 2018

In this paper, the metal/ceramic functionally graded composites are prepared. The thermal stress of TiC/Ti functionally graded composites are simulated by Abaqus finite element analysis software to study the influence of the number of layers, the gradient layer thickness and the gradient of distribution index.The optimal structural parameters of the TiC/Ti functional gradient composites are obtained as the number of layers of 6 and the gradient distribution index 0.8. According to the optimized structural parameters, Ti and C powders are mixed by high-energy ball milling, then the TiC/Ti functional gradient composites are prepared by spark plasma sintering. The gradient distribution of composition and microstructure in TiC/Ti functionally graded composites are achieved, which can solve the problem of mismatch for the physical properties between the metal and the ceramic in the composite material.
Effect of Carboxylic CNTs Filling on Mechanical Behaviors of Basalt Fiber/Epoxy Composites
Authors: Yang Zhi Ming , Liu Jin Xu , Feng Xin Ya , Li Shu Kui , Wang Xin Lei , Gao Yong Ji
Published: February 2018

In order to improve the mechanical properties of basalt fiber/epoxy composites, carboxylic CNTs were filled into the epoxy matrix of basalt fiber/epoxy composites. Firstly, the carboxylic CNTs filled epoxy composites with different carboxylic CNTs content were studied. Quasi-static and dynamic compression results show that when the content of carboxylic CNTs increased from 0wt% to 1wt%, both ultimate quasi-static and dynamic compressive strength of CNTs filled epoxy composites showed increasing tendencies. However when the content of carboxylic CNTs increased from 1 wt% to 1.5 wt% both ultimate quasi-static and dynamic compressive had decreasing tendencies. Base on above results, carboxylic CNTs (1wt%) filled basalt fiber/epoxy composites were fabricated by mould pressing method. Quasi-static and dynamic compression results showed that both ultimate quasi-static and ultimate dynamic compressive strength of carboxylic CNTs filled basalt fiber/epoxy composite were enhanced compared with those of basalt fiber/epoxy composites without CNTs. However, the critical failure strain were all lower than those of basalt fiber/epoxy composites without CNTs. Failure mechanism analysis showed that the carboxylic CNTs was beneficial for forming good interfacial bonding between epoxy matrix and basalt fibers, and the advantage of high axial tensile strength of basalt fibers could be fully utilized, which is responsible for the enhanced ultimate compressive strength of carboxylic CNTs filled basalt fiber/epoxy composites.
CRSS of Mg-X(X=Zn, Y) Binary Solid Solution via First-Principles Study
Authors: Luo Su Qin , Tang Ai Tao , Jiang Bin , Cheng Ren Ju , Pan Fu Sheng
Published: February 2018

To investigate the deformation behavior of Mg-X(X=Zn, Y) binary solid solution, the strain-stress curve of crystal cell along [0001] for Mg-1.85at.%X(X=Zn, Y) alloy were simulated using first-principles calculations in this study. The simulation presents directly the critical resolved shear stress for pyramidal plane slip systems for Mg-1.85at.%X(X=Zn, Y) alloy. The results show that the minimum critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) of Mg, Mg-1.85at. %Zn and Mg-1.85at. %Y for pyramidal plane slip systems is 2.24, 2.72, 2.96 GPa respectively.
Synthetic Comb-Like Phase-Change Material Poly(Acrylonitrile-co-Lauric Acid) Copolymer for Low Temperature Energy Management
Authors: Chen Wei , Xiang Heng Xue , Jiang Yun Meng , Xia Wei , Zhu Mei Fang
Published: February 2018

Comb-like poly(acrylonitrile-co-lauric acid) (PANLA) phase change materials with low phase change temperature were synthesized via mixed solvent precipitation polymerization where acrylonitrile (AN) and dodecyl acrylate (DA) were employed as monomers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) were used to characterize the chemical structure of the resultant PANLA. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry analyzer (TG) were adapted to evaluate the energy storage performance and thermal reliability of PANLA materials. Thermal analysis revealed that comb-like PANLA had a good energy storage performance and cyclic stability. The crystallization temperature of PANLA was around -8 °C with a crystallization enthalpy range of 3.77~41.30 J/g which was intended to apply in an environment with a relatively low temperature.
Low Temperature Preparation of PbS Thin Films by Chemical Bath Deposition and the Photovoltaic Performance in Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Zheng Guo , Gao Xin , Han Fei
Published: February 2018

PbS thin films were successfully prepared by chemical bath deposition at low temperature of 40, 50 and 60°C using an improved transparent precursor solution which contained 0.05 M lead nitrate, 0.2 M sodium hydroxide, 0.2 M triethanolamine and 0.06 M thiourea. The obtained PbS thin films appeared smooth and compact, and the crystal sizes were calculated to be 62 nm, 131 nm, 254 nm by Scherrer's equation at deposition temperatures of 40, 50 and 60°C, the corresponding band gaps were estimated to be 1.58 eV, 1.38 eV and 1.20 eV, respectively. The work function of the PbS thin films were measured by Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy and they were –4.90, –4.60 and –4.50 eV, respectively. The valence and conduction band edges of the PbS thin films were calculated from the work function and optical band gap values. What is more, the optimized PbS/TiO2 heterojunction thin film solar cell combined with spiro-OMeTAD hole-transport layer was fabricated and obtained the photoelectric conversion efficiency of 0.24%.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of BiCuSeO Ceramics by Bi Vacancies
Authors: Ma Wen Qiang , Deng Cheng Jie , Lan Jin Le , Yang Xiao Ping , Lin Yuan Hua
Published: February 2018

Polycrystalline Bi1-xCuSeO (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) ceramics were prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis followed by spark plasma sintering method. All the samples correspond with single BiCuSeO phase and high vacancies sample had higher density. The highest power factor of 4.71×10-4 W.m-1.K-2 was obtained by 5% Bi vacancies at 873K, which is about 32% higher than that of the pristine sample. Along with slight reduction of thermal conductivity, the maximum ZT reached 0.68. The results show that vacancy engineering is a promising method for thermoelectric applications of BiCuSeO and related ceramics.
Tungsten Matrix Material for Diffusion Barium Tungsten Cathode
Authors: He Xue Liang , Zhou Zeng Lin , Deng Qiao Juan , Li Yan , Hui Zhi Lin , Wang Fu
Published: February 2018

As the core component of the diffusion cathode, the performance of porous tungsten matrix material will directly affect the output performance and life of microwave source. Therefore, the preparation of porous tungsten matrix is the key process of making a cathode material. In this paper, the industrial tungsten powder was used as raw material, whose particle size was modulated by fluidic classification firstly. Then via cold isostatic pressing and hydrogen sintering in high temperature, the porous tungsten sintered body was obtained. Finally, by the process of copper infiltration, machining and copper removal, the porous tungsten matrix was achieved. The result showed that compared with raw material tungsten powder, the classified tungsten powder’s particle size distribution was narrowed and its tap density obviously increased, indicating that it had better particle stacking performance. Setting the temperature between 1900°C and 2050°C the high temperature hydrogen sintering experiment was conducted, and it was found that the volume shrinkage ratio of tungsten sintered body increased with the sintering temperature, and correspondingly, its total porosity decreased from 24.4% at 1900°C to 20.8% at 2050°C. It was characterized by MIP (mercury intrusion porosimetry) that at high temperature between 1950~2050°C, the porous tungsten matrix with an open porosity of 21±1%, 1.30~1.60μm average pore size, a close cell ratio less than 1% and the skeleton strength greater than 150MPa was obtained. Thus this porous tungsten matrix is an ideal material to be applied to highly reliable diffusion bariated tungsten cathode manufacturing.
Effects of Rare Earth Y Addition on Microstructural and Properties of Pure Copper
Authors: Liu Huan Chao , Teng Xin Ying , Wu Wei Bing , Xiao Zhen , Wu Xiang Wei , Leng Jin Feng
Published: February 2018

The effects of rare earth Y addition on microstructure and properties of pure copper were investigated. Mechanical test, electrical test, oxidation resistance test, metalloscope, scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and X-ray difffraction (XRD) were performed to study the properties, microstructure and constitution. The results showed that both the hardness and antioxidant properties obviously increased with the increase of Y, confirmed the successful refinement role of Y. A small amount of Y (less than 0.5 wt.%) could improve the electrical conductivity of pure copper. When the Y content reached 0.2 wt.%, pure coppers obtained optimum electrical conductivity which is 96.8% IACS. However, over-added Y (>0.5 wt.%) resulted in second phase of Cu7Y coarsening and non-homogeneous microstructures forming, which reduces the conductivity of copper. In addition, Y can effectively purify the organization of molten copper.
A Review of Research on Substrate Materials for Constructed Wetlands
Authors: Wang Han Xi , Xu Jian Ling , Sheng Lian Xi , Liu Xue Jun
Published: February 2018

Based on the improvements in the decontamination ability and decontamination range of constructed wetlands, this study of constructed wetland substrates was carried out using literature research and comparative meta-analysis. The results show that, for static adsorption, the absorption levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in a given constructed wetland are different. As for hydraulic load, the average removal rate of total nitrogen in wastewater is less than 50%. Compared with single substrates, a combination of substrates is typically superior in terms of the removal rate of sewage pollutants. Adsorption is the key in removing pollutants in constructed wetlands, and modification of the wetland materials is an effective way to improve the decontamination ability of the substrate material. At present, there are areas of potential improvement in the research on the development of new wetland materials for the study of pollutant characteristics, as well as a dearth of modification methods for single and reclaimable wetland substrates in constructed wetlands. These issues should be taken into account in the future studies on constructed wetland materials.
Influence of Catalysts with Different Templates on Direct Decomposition of NO in Cement Kiln Exhaust
Authors: Gan Yan Ling , Cui Su Ping , Guo Hong Xia , Ma Xiao Yu , Wang Ya Li
Published: February 2018

The influence of catalysts with different templates on direct decomposition of NO in cement kiln exhaust was studied in this paper. The NO direct decomposition rate of porous catalyst materials with different templates was determined by infrared spectrometer. And pore structure and the microstructure of the catalysts were characterized by BET surface area, nitrogen adsorption-desorption. The results show that the catalytic performance of porous catalyst without any template is better than catalysts with other templates at low temperature. When the temperature reached 550 °C, NO decomposition rate of porous catalyst with CTAB could reach to more than 80%. And meanwhile, the catalysts with organic template reagent have higher BET surface area than those with inorganic template agent. With the increasing of the reaction time, the NO decomposition rate decreases. After reaction for 3 hours, the decomposition rate decreases from 80% to 40%.
Extraction of Tungsten and Vanadium from the Spent SCR Catalyst by High Pressure Alkaline Leaching Method
Authors: Chen Jia Peng , Ma Li Wen , Cao Ming Xing , Xi Xiao Li
Published: February 2018

Tungsten and vanadium are efficiently extracted from honeycomb-type spent selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst by using a high pressure alkali leaching method. Theoretical thermodynamics calculation indicates that WO3and V2O5are soluble in sodium hydroxide solution, proving that the extraction of Wand V from the spent SCR catalyst by high pressure alkaline leaching is feasible. The effects of NaOH concentration, leaching temperature and time, liquid-solid ratio and stirring speed on leaching efficiency of W and V are systematically investigated. The leaching efficiency of W and V is 94.3% and 91.2%, respectively, under the optimal conditions: the NaOH concentration of 2mol/L, the leaching temperature 463.5 K, the reaction time 3 h, solid-liquid ratio 0.1 g/ml, the stirring speed of 400 r/min. The TiO2residue is in anatase crystalline phase.
Energy Consumption and Carbon Emission Analysis of Natural Graphite Anode Material for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Gao Si Wen , Gong Xian Zheng , Liu Yu , Zhang Qi Qi
Published: February 2018

The production process of nature graphite anode material is divided into four stages, namely mining, beneficiation, purification and processing. Carbon emission and energy consumption during the whole process were quantified and analyzed in this study. The energy consumption and pollutant emissions in the production process were calculated in accordance with the method of life cycle assessment, and the carbon emission analysis was conducted by IPCC method. The life cycle energy consumption of 1 ton natural graphite anode material is 112.48GJ, and the processing stage contributes 41.71%. The results show that coke oven gas and raw coal are the main energy consumption in the whole life cycle of natural graphite anode material, which account for 32.33% and 23.41% of the total energy consumption, respectively. Furthermore, the carbon emission of 1 ton of natural graphite anode material is 5315.91kgCO2-eq, and mainly comes from raw coal and electricity which contribute 23.98% and 20.99% to the total carbon emission respectively, and CO2 is the largest carbon emission contributed 98.69% to total carbon emission. Finally, the carbon emissions are sensitive to the coke oven gas, raw coal, diesel and electricity, and insensitive to fuel oil.
Study on Vacuum Tribological Behavior of 9Cr18Mo Bearing Steel by PIII Combined with MS Surface Hybrid Modification Processes
Authors: Zhao Jiang , Tang De Li , Feng Xing Guo , Zhou Hui , Huo Li Xia , Mikhailov Serguei
Published: February 2018

Hybrid modification processes are used to improve the working surface of 9Cr18Mo bearing steel by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) combined with magnetron sputtering (MS). The untreated and treated samples were evaluated by the microhardness and vacuum fiction coefficient tests. Wear morphology of surfaces were also evaluated. It has been found that the microhardness of treated samples increased substantially, and the maximum microhardness was increased 31.9%, the adhesion force at the interface of the film and substrate was improved from 79mN to 107mN, the vacuum friction coefficient was decreased from 0.43 to 0.15, the wear scar diameter was reduced 28.6%. By the comparison of the comprehensive properties of different surface modification processes, hybrid process is better than single process.
A Review: Research into Organic Surface Treatment of Titanium Dioxide Material
Authors: Wu Xiao Ping , Liu Chan , Liu Yong , Hou Teng Fei , Wu Z.
Published: February 2018

Titanium dioxide is currently the most important white pigment material used in the world and its surface properties are very important for consumer industries such as paints, papermaking and plastics. If agglomerates are present, the down-stream product properties such as gloss, opacity, and storage stability will be greatly affected. The addition of organic surface treatment agents onto the surface of titanium dioxide particles can change its surface: reduce the inter-particle forces to reduce particle agglomerates; change the hydrophobic or hydrophilic properties of particle surface to enhance the compatibility with the solvent, water, or organic resin; can also improve the particle mobility and industrial processing. Therefore, it is very important to fully understand the interaction mechanism between pigment particles and functional organic surface treatment agents. This paper summarizes the related research results and progress.
Preparation and Characterization of the Magnetic Layered Double Hydroxide - DNA Delivery System
Authors: Gou Guo Jing , Pei Qin Yu , Yao Hui Qing , Sun Yue , Yang Jian Hong , Wang Rui
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this paper is to prepare and evaluate a gene delivery system resulted from the intercalation of DNA with magnetic layered double hydroxide (MLDH). The structure and property of the MLDH/DNA hybrids were studied using XRD, FTIR and TG characterization. The cytotoxicity and protection effect of MLDH were evaluated by MTT assay and gel electrophoresis assay. MLDH exhibited lower cytotoxicity than other inorganic nanoparticles. Under physiological conditions, MLDH could protect DNA from enzymatic degradation. Our results confirmed that MLDH can be used safely and effectively as non-viral vectors for gene targeting therapy in form of MLDH/DNA composite.
Study on Magnetic and Corrosion Properties of Ce16Fe95-xCoxB8 (x=0-4) Alloys
Authors: Fang Chang Cheng , Yao Qing Rong , Xu Yong Qiang , Zhou Huai Ying , Rao Guang Hui , Deng Jian Qiu , Wang Zhong Min
Published: February 2018

To understand the phase composition and improve the magnetic performances of Ce2Fe14B-type alloys, the ribbons of Ce16Fe95-xCoxB8(x=0-4.0) were prepared by melt-spinning at a quench wheel velocity of 40 m/s. The phase composition and magnetic properties of Ce16Fe95-xCoxB8(x=0-4.0) alloys were investigated. XRD results indicated that the main phase existed in the as-spun ribbons is Ce2Fe14B. The amorphous formation ability and thermal stability of as-spun ribbons were enhanced by trace cobalt addition. Co-doped samples had higher Curie temperature compared with bare Ce2Fe14B, which signified that Co atoms could substitute for Fe directly into Ce2Fe14B phase. The corrosion potential of alloys from-1089mV (vs. SCE) to-1077mV (vs. SCE) which indicated that the Co-doped provided better corrosion protection properties for the Ce-Fe-B magnet compared with bare substrate.
New flood mapping methods implemented during the 2017 spring flood activation in southern Quebec
Authors: Olthof I , Tolszczuk-Leclerc S , Lehrbass B , Shelat Y , Neufeld V , Decker V
Published: February 2018

Spring 2017 flooding in eastern Ontario and southern Quebec was caused by a number of consecutive record-setting rain events combined with melting snow between April 5 and mid-May. In Quebec, the event caused more than 5000 residences to flood in 261
municipalities, forcing mass evacuations and declaration of a state of emergency. The International Disasters Charter was activated shortly after, providing near-real time earth observation data from a range of sensors through Charter member agencies. Upon activation, the Emergency Geomatics
Services (EGS) at the Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation (CCMEO), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), produced flood maps from RADARSAT-2 and Charter satellite imagery to provide up-to-date situational awareness. Previous methodologies to extract flood information were not adequate to map
open water and flooded vegetation from all data received through the Charter, while work was ongoing in the previous year to develop reliable flood extraction methods from multiple sensors for floodplain characterization. These new methods were quickly adapted and put into operations during the
activation, enabling rapid flood map production from RADARSAT-2, Sentinel-1 and TerraSar-X, among other sensors. This document describes the methodology and presents successes and challenges of the 2017 EGS activation for flooding in eastern Ontario and southern Quebec. From lessons learned during
the 2017 activation, we also present a way forward to improve subsequent flood activations.
Genetic variations in the Dravidian population of South West coast of India
Authors: D’Cunha Anitha , Pandit Lekha , Malli Chaithra
Published: February 2018

Background & objectives:

Indian data have been largely missing from genome-wide databases that provide information on genetic variations in different populations. This hinders association studies for complex disorders in India. This study was aimed to determine whether the complex genetic structure and endogamy among Indians could potentially influence the design of case-control studies for autoimmune disorders in the south Indian population.

Methods:

A total of 12 single nucleotide variations (SNVs) related to genes associated with autoimmune disorders were genotyped in 370 healthy individuals belonging to six different caste groups in southern India. Allele frequencies were estimated; genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationship within the various caste groups and other HapMap populations were ascertained.

Results:

Allele frequencies for all genotyped SNVs did not vary significantly among the different groups studied. Wright's FST was 0.001 per cent among study population and 0.38 per cent when compared with Gujarati in Houston (GIH) population on HapMap data. The analysis of molecular variance results showed a 97 per cent variation attributable to differences within the study population and <1 per cent variation due to differences between castes. Phylogenetic analysis showed a separation of Dravidian population from other HapMap populations and particularly from GIH population.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Despite the complex genetic origins of the Indian population, our study indicated a low level of genetic differentiation among Dravidian language-speaking people of south India. Case-control studies of association among Dravidians of south India may not require stratification based on language and caste.
Association between intimate partner violence & HIV/AIDS
Authors: Patrikar Seema , Basannar Dashrath , Bhatti Vijay , Chatterjee Kunal , Mahen Ajoy
Published: February 2018

Background & objectives:

Violence against women cutting across diverse socio-economic classes is an under-recognized human rights violation in the world. This analysis was undertaken to examine the prevalence along with predictors of intimate partner violence (IPV) and its association with HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Indian ever-married women.

Methods:

The data obtained from 2005 to 2006 third round of National Family Health Survey-3 (NFHS-3) were used in this study. Analyses were conducted on ever-married women by linking individual women data including violence information and HIV test results.

Results:

The analyses indicated all forms of violence to be prevalent in India. The prevalence of lifetime IPV reported was 35.3 per cent. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression identified younger age of women, higher number of children, low level of education of women as well as her partner, working status of women, higher spousal age, rural residence, alcohol consumption by husband, childhood witness of violence among parents, nuclear household and lower standard of living to be positively associated with the experience of IPV by the women (P<0.05). HIV-positive status of women, as well as women from high HIV prevalent State, were at increased odds of IPV (P<0.05).

Interpretation & conclusions:

Significantly higher reporting of HIV/STIs by women experiencing IPV hints at new pathways that link violence and HIV. Further, our analysis showed a high prevalence of IPV in India.
Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chandra Sadanandavalli Retnaswami
Published: February 2018

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative cortical dementia. It starts with memory loss, spatial disorientation in people above the age of 65 yr with a preference to females. Its incidence is expected to increase threefold by 2050. It affects almost one out of ten persons above the age of 65 years. Majority of patients are sporadic, but a very small percentage is autosomal dominant. The pathomechanisms postulated include amyloid cascade hypothesis according to which mutation in amyloid precursor protein causes Aβ aggregation. The next hypothesis is signal transducer and activation of transcription 3 (STAT3) causing aberration in intracellular signalling pathways. Senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are other important pathological changes reported. It is observed that dementia research has not yielded the expected result world over, and therefore, the pitfalls with reference to known facts about diagnosis, clinical features, pathogenic mechanisms, assessment of progression, biomarkers, treatment and prevention, as well as brief information on our experiments with relatively inexpensive methods of differentiating the most common types of dementia AD and frontotemporal dementia are discussed.
Necrotizing Fasciitis of Thoracic and Abdominal Wall with Emphysematous Pyelonephritis and Retroperitoneal Abscess
Authors: Khaladkar Sanjay Mhalasakant , Jain Kunaal Mahesh , Kuber Rajesh , Gandage Sidappa
Published: February 2018

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a life-threatening severe form of pyelonephritis usually occurring in patients with diabetes mellitus with or without obstructive uropathies in whom there is necrotizing infection leading to the gas production of an unclear mechanism involving the renal parenchyma and the collecting system. Necrotizing fasciitis is characterized by progressive necrosis of fat and fascia due to deep-seated infection of subcutaneous tissue. It has a fulminant course with considerable mortality. Diabetes Mellitus is a common predisposing factor. The combined occurrence of emphysematous pyelonephritis and necrotizing fasciitis is extremely unusual. Early recognition and management is mandatory to avoid mortality. We report a case of a 53-year-old female, a known case of Type II diabetes mellitus, who presented with necrotizing fasciitis of thoracic and abdominal wall with emphysematous pyelonephritis in the left kidney with a retroperitoneal abscess.
Analysis of Spinopelvic Parameters with L5 as the New Sacrum after Fusion in High-Grade Spondylolisthesis: A Possible Explanation for Satisfactory Results with In-Situ Fusion
Authors: Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan , Das Gurudip , Aiyer Siddharth Narasimhan , Kanna Rishi Mugesh , Shetty Ajoy Prasad
Published: February 2018

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Purpose

To correlate functional outcomes with spinopelvic parameters in patients with high-grade spondylolisthesis (HGS) treated with instrumented in-situ surgery or reduction and fusion.

Overview of Literature

Satisfactory functional outcomes are reported with reduction and in-situ fusion strategies in HGS. However, reasons for this are unclear. We hypothesize that following lumbosacral fusion, the L5 becomes part of the sacrum, which improves spinopelvic parameters, resulting in equivalent functional outcomes in both surgical methods.

Methods

Twenty-six patients undergoing HGS (reduction group A, 13; in-situ group B, 13) were clinically evaluated using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), short form-12 (SF-12), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores. Spinopelvic parameters, including pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), lumbosacral kyphosis (LSK) angle, and sacrofemoral distance (SFD) were measured preoperatively from S1 and postoperatively from L5 as the new sacrum at 1 year follow-up. Sagittal alignment was assessed using the sagittal vertical axis.

Results

Both groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, severity of slip, and preoperative spinopelvic parameters (p>0.05). Postoperative VAS, SF-12, and ODI scores significantly improved in both groups (p<0.05). Compared with preoperative values, the mean postoperative PT, SFD, and LSK significantly changed in both groups. In reduction group, PT changed from 26.98° to 10.78°, SFD from 61.24 to 33.56 mm, and LSK from 74.76° to 109.61° (p<0.05). In in-situ fusion group PT changed from 26.78° to 11.08°, SFD from 62.9 to 36.99 mm, and LSK from 67.23° to 113.38° (p<0.05 for all). In both groups, SS and LL did not change significantly (p>0.05).

Conclusions

After fusion, the L5 becomes the new sacrum and influences spinopelvic parameters to change favorably. This possibly explains why reduction and in-situ fusion achieve equivalent functional outcomes in HGS.
Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Bone Fusion in Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Kubota Go , Kamoda Hiroto , Orita Sumihisa , Inage Kazuhidee , Ito Michihiro , Yamashita Masaomi , Furuya Takeo , Akazawa Tsutomu , Shiga Yasuhiro , Ohtori Seiji
Published: February 2018

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Purpose

To examine the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for bone fusion in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) using local bone grafting.

Overview of Literature

Several authors have reported the efficacy of PRP for bone union in animal models. However, the use of PRP for bone fusion in TLIF surgery has not been fully explored.

Methods

Twenty patients underwent single-level TLIF surgery because of L4 spondylolisthesis. An interbody fusion cage and local bone were used in nine patients (control group) and an interbody fusion cage, local bone, and PRP were used in 11 patients (PRP group). PRP was prepared from the patients' blood samples (400 mL) immediately before surgery. The duration of bone union and postoperative bone fusion rate were assessed using plain radiography at every 3 months postoperatively and computed tomography at 12 or 24 months postoperatively, respectively. Lower back pain, leg pain, and leg numbness were evaluated using the visual analog scale preoperatively and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively.

Results

The platelet count was 8.7 times higher in PRP than in blood. The bone union rate was significantly superior in the PRP group than in the control group (91% and 77%, respectively; p=0.035), whereas the average duration of bone union was not significantly different between the groups (7.7±0.74 and 10.0±2.00 months, respectively; p=0.131). There was no significant difference in lower back pain, leg pain, and leg numbness in both groups during follow-up (p>0.05).

Conclusions

Our study suggests that the use of PRP in TLIF surgery increases bone fusion rate.