bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Embedding by Unembedding
Authors: Matsuda Kazutaka , Frohlich Samantha , Wang Meng , Wu Nicolas
Published: August 2023

Embedding is a language development technique that implements the object language as a library in a host language.
There are many advantages of the approach, including being lightweight and the ability to inherit features of the host language. A notable example is the technique of HOAS, which makes crucial use of higher-order functions to represent abstract syntax trees with binders.
Despite its popularity, HOAS has its limitations.
We observe that HOAS struggles with semantic domains that cannot be naturally expressed as functions, particularly when open expressions are involved.
Prominent examples of this include incremental computation and reversible/bidirectional languages.

In this paper, we pin-point the challenge faced by HOAS as a mismatch between the semantic domain of host and object language functions, and propose a solution.
The solution is based on the technique of
unembedding
, which converts
from the finally-tagless representation to de Bruijn-indexed terms with
strong correctness guarantees. We show that this approach is able to extend the
applicability of HOAS while preserving its elegance. We provide a generic
strategy for Embedding by Unembedding, and then demonstrate its effectiveness
with two substantial case studies in the domains of incremental computation
and bidirectional transformations. The resulting embedded implementations are
comparable in features to the state-of-the-art language implementations in
the respective areas.
Higher-Order Property-Directed Reachability
Authors: Katsura Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Naoki , Sato Ryosuke
Published: August 2023

The property-directed reachability (PDR) has been used as a successful method for automated verification of first-order transition systems. We propose a higher-order extension of PDR, called HoPDR, where higher-order recursive functions may be used to describe transition systems. We formalize HoPDR for the validity checking problem for conjunctive nu-HFL(Z), a higher-order fixpoint logic with integers and greatest fixpoint operators. The validity checking problem can also be viewed as a higher-order extension of the satisfiability problem for Constrained Horn Clauses (CHC), and safety property verification of higher-order programs can naturally be reduced to the validity checking problem. We have implemented a prototype verification tool based on HoPDR and confirmed its effectiveness. We also compare our HoPDR procedure with the PDR procedure for first-order systems and previous methods for fully automated higher-order program verification.
Asynchronous Modal FRP
Authors: Bahr Patrick , Møgelberg Rasmus Ejlers
Published: August 2023

Over the past decade, a number of languages for functional reactive
programming (FRP) have been suggested, which use modal types to
ensure properties like causality, productivity and lack of space
leaks. So far, almost all of these languages have included a modal
operator for delay on a global clock. For some applications,
however, a global clock is unnatural and leads to leaky
abstractions as well as inefficient implementations. While modal
languages without a global clock have been proposed, no operational
properties have been proved about them, yet.

This paper proposes Async RaTT, a new modal language for
asynchronous FRP, equipped with an operational semantics mapping
complete programs to machines that take asynchronous input signals
and produce output signals. The main novelty of Async RaTT is a new
modality for asynchronous delay, allowing each output channel to be
associated at runtime with the set of input channels it depends on,
thus causing the machine to only compute new output when
necessary. We prove a series of operational properties including
causality, productivity and lack of space leaks. We also show that,
although the set of input channels associated with an output channel
can change during execution, upper bounds on these can be determined
statically by the type system.
HasChor: Functional Choreographic Programming for All (Functional Pearl)
Authors: Shen Gan , Kashiwa Shun , Kuper Lindsey
Published: August 2023

Choreographic programming is an emerging paradigm for programming distributed systems. In choreographic programming, the programmer describes the behavior of the entire system as a single, unified program -- a
choreography
-- which is then compiled to individual programs that run on each node, via a compilation step called endpoint projection. We present a new model for functional choreographic programming where choreographies are expressed as computations in a monad. Our model supports cutting-edge choreographic programming features that enable modularity and code reuse: in particular, it supports
higher-order
choreographies, in which a choreography may be passed as an argument to another choreography, and
location-polymorphic
choreographies, in which a choreography can abstract over nodes. Our model is implemented in a Haskell library,
HasChor
, which lets programmers write choreographic programs while using the rich Haskell ecosystem at no cost, bringing choreographic programming within reach of everyday Haskellers. Moreover, thanks to Haskell's abstractions, the implementation of the HasChor library itself is concise and understandable, boiling down endpoint projection to its short and simple essence.
What Happens When Students Switch (Functional) Languages (Experience Report)
Authors: Lu Kuang-Chen , Krishnamurthi Shriram , Fisler Kathi , Tshukudu Ethel
Published: August 2023

When novice programming students already know one programming
language and have to learn another, what issues do they run into? We
specifically focus on one or both languages being functional, varying
along two axes: syntax and semantics. We report on problems,
especially persistent ones. This work can be of immediate value to
educators and also sets up avenues for future research.
Bit-Stealing Made Legal: Compilation for Custom Memory Representations of Algebraic Data Types
Authors: Baudon Thaïs , Radanne Gabriel , Gonnord Laure
Published: August 2023

Initially present only in functional languages such as OCaml and Haskell, Algebraic Data Types (ADTs) have now become pervasive in mainstream languages, providing nice data abstractions and an elegant way to express functions through pattern matching. Unfortunately, ADTs remain seldom used in low-level programming. One reason is that their increased convenience comes at the cost of abstracting away the exact memory layout of values. Even Rust, which tries to optimize data layout, severely limits control over memory representation. In this article, we present a new approach to specify the data layout of rich data types based on a dual view: a source type, providing a high-level description available in the rest of the code, along with a memory type, providing full control over the memory layout. This dual view allows for better reasoning about memory layout, both for correctness, with dedicated validity criteria linking the two views, and for optimizations that manipulate the memory view. We then provide algorithms to compile constructors and destructors, including pattern matching, to their low-level memory representation. We prove our compilation algorithms correct, implement them in a tool called ribbit that compiles to LLVM IR, and show some early experimental results.
Combinator-Based Fixpoint Algorithms for Big-Step Abstract Interpreters
Authors: Keidel Sven , Erdweg Sebastian , Hombücher Tobias
Published: August 2023

Big-step abstract interpreters are an approach to build static analyzers based on big-step interpretation. While big-step interpretation provides a number of benefits for the definition of an analysis, it also requires particularly complicated fixpoint algorithms because the analysis definition is a recursive function whose termination is uncertain. This is in contrast to other analysis approaches, such as small-step reduction, abstract machines, or graph reachability, where the analysis essentially forms a finite transition system between widened analysis states.

We show how to systematically develop sophisticated fixpoint algorithms for big-step abstract interpreters and how to ensure their soundness. Our approach is based on small and reusable fixpoint combinators that can be composed to yield fixpoint algorithms. For example, these combinators describe the order in which the program is analyzed, how deep recursive functions are unfolded and loops unrolled, or they record auxiliary data such as a (context-sensitive) call graph. Importantly, each combinator can be developed separately, reused across analyses, and can be verified sound independently. Consequently, analysis developers can freely compose combinators to obtain sound fixpoint algorithms that work best for their use case. We provide a formal metatheory that guarantees a fixpoint algorithm is sound if its composed from sound combinators only. We experimentally validate our combinator-based approach by describing sophisticated fixpoint algorithms for analyses of Stratego, Scheme, and WebAssembly.
Forging Productive Human-Robot Partnerships Through Task Training
Authors: Stiber Maia , Gao Yuxiang , Taylor Russell , Huang Chien-Ming
Published: August 2023

Productive human-robot partnerships are vital to successful integration of assistive robots into everyday life. Although prior research has explored techniques to facilitate collaboration during human-robot interaction, the work described here aims to forge productive partnerships prior to human-robot interaction, drawing upon team-building activities’ aid in establishing effective human teams. Through a 2 (group membership: ingroup and outgroup) ×3 (robot error: main task errors, side task errors, and no errors) online study (
N=62
), we demonstrate that (1) a non-social pre-task exercise can help form ingroup relationships; (2) an ingroup robot is perceived as a better, more committed teammate than an outgroup robot (despite the two behaving identically); and (3) participants are more tolerant of negative outcomes when working with an ingroup robot. We discuss how pre-task exercises may serve as an active task failure mitigation strategy.
Evaluation in Monogenic Diabetes of the Impact of GCK, HNF1A, and HNF4A Variants on Splicing through the Combined Use of In Silico Tools and Minigene Assays
Authors: Bouvet Delphine , Blondel Amélie , de Sainte Agathe Jean-Madeleine , Leroy Gwendoline , Saint-Martin Cécile , Bellanné-Chantelot Christine
Published: August 2023

Variants in GCK, HNF1A, and HNF4A genes are the three main causes of monogenic diabetes. Determining the molecular etiology is essential for patients with monogenic diabetes to benefit from the most appropriate treatment. The increasing number of variants of unknown significance (VUS) is a major issue in genetic diagnosis, and assessing the impact of variants on RNA splicing is challenging, particularly for genes expressed in tissues not easily accessible as in monogenic diabetes. The in vitro functional splicing assay based on a minigene construct is an appropriate approach. Here, we performed in silico analysis using SpliceAI and SPiP and prioritized 36 spliceogenic variants in GCK, HNF1A, and HNF4A. Predictions were secondarily compared with Pangolin and AbSplice-DNA bioinformatics tools which include tissue-specific annotations. We assessed the effect of selected variants on RNA splicing using minigene assays. These assays validated splicing defects for 33 out of 36 spliceogenic variants consisting of exon skipping (15%), exonic deletions (18%), intronic retentions (24%), and complex splicing patterns (42%). This provided additional evidence to reclassify 23 out of 31 (74%) VUS including missense, synonymous, and intronic noncanonical splice site variants as likely pathogenic variants. Comparison of in silico analysis with minigene results showed the robustness of bioinformatics tools to prioritize spliceogenic variants, but revealed inconsistencies in the location of cryptic splice sites underlying the importance of confirming predicted splicing alterations with functional splicing assays. Our study underlines the feasibility and the benefits of implementing minigene-splicing assays in the genetic testing of monogenic diabetes after a prior in-depth in silico analysis.
Circulating microRNAs and Cytokines as Prognostic Biomarkers for Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Injury and for Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Exercise Intervention
Authors: Jeyabal Prince , Bhagat Anchit , Wang Fei , Roth Michael , Livingston J. Andrew , Gilchrist Susan C. , Banchs Jose , Hildebrandt Michelle A.T. , Chandra Joya , Deswal Anita , Koutroumpakis Efstratios , Wang Jian , Daw Najat C. , Honey Theresa A. , Kleinerman Eugenie S.
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

To define a set of biomarkers that can be used to identify patients at high risk of developing late doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiac morbidity with the goal of focused monitoring and early interventions.

Experimental Design:

Mice received phosphate buffered saline or DOX 2.5 mg/kg 2x/week for 2 weeks. Blood samples were obtained before and after therapy for quantification of miRNAs (6 and 24 hours), cytokines (24 hours), and troponin (24 hours, 4 and 6 weeks). Cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography before and 24 hours after therapy. To assess the effectiveness of exercise intervention in preventing DOX-induced cardiotoxicity blood samples were collected from mice treated with DOX or DOX + exercise. Plasma samples from 13 DOX-treated patients with sarcoma were also evaluated before and 24 hours after therapy.

Results:

Elevations in plasma miRNA-1, miRNA-499 and IL1α, IL1β, and IL6 were seen in DOX-treated mice with decreased ejection fraction and fractional shortening 24 hours after DOX therapy. Troponin levels were not elevated until 4 weeks after therapy. In mice treated with exercise during DOX, there was no elevation in these biomarkers and no change in cardiac function. Elevations in these biomarkers were seen in 12 of 13 patients with sarcoma treated with DOX.

Conclusions:

These findings define a potential set of biomarkers to identify and predict patients at risk for developing acute and late cardiovascular diseases with the goal of focused monitoring and early intervention. Further studies are needed to confirm the predictive value of these biomarkers in late cardiotoxicity.
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA-INDUCED ACUTE EXOGENOUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS POST-CATARACT SURGERY
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Khalil , Nilawati Enny
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study revealed that only a small percentage of endophthalmitis cases, specifically 4.1%, were caused by Gram-negative organisms, and the most frequent of these was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, poor visual outcomes were consistently linked to this bacterium.
Objective: To provide knowledge regarding Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a cause of exogenous endophthalmitis and its management.
Case Illustration: A 65-year-old male was admitted to the Emergency Department due to pain and blurred vision in his left eye. After cataract surgery, three days prior, these symptoms had been present for four days. The patient had conjunctival redness, corneal edema, posterior synechia of the iris, and very low visual acuity in the affected eye. A B-mode ocular ultrasonography revealed a considerable vitreous opacity and an aberrant echo in the left eye, suggesting endophthalmitis in the patient. The patient underwent emergency surgery immediately, including Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), Silicon oil, IOL extraction, and intravitreal antibiotics injection. Moreover, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in the vitreous by a smear test and culture process. On the first day after the surgery, the patient's vision improved to light perception but with incorrect projection. A Fundus exam showed an attached retina with silicon oil and no macular edema. After one month, the patient's visual acuity improved to 2/60.
Conclusions: Identifying the causative organisms in infectious endophthalmitis is critical in determining treatment and visual results. Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV) followed by intravitreal injection of antibiotics as the "gold standard" treatment for acute postoperative endophthalmitis.
Patrimônio cultural: um convite à reflexão coletiva para ações colaborativas
Authors: Ribas Elisabete Marin
Published: August 2023

Uma carta presente no Fundo Waldisa Russio, sob a guarda do Arquivo IEB/USP, vem nos lembrar sobre a importância do trabalho de preservação junto ao patrimônio cultural. O texto, escrito por profissionais italianos, é dirigido a jovens e nos convida a refletir sobre a importância do envolvimento coletivo quando o assunto é a conservação do patrimônio de uma nação. Apresentando propostas de boas práticas de ações colaborativas, o documento salienta os inúmeros valores presentes em obras de arte, em objetos de ofícios, em edificações e, sobretudo, salienta o necessário envolvimento do maior número de pessoas.
Endothelial Cell
APOE3
Regulates Neurovascular, Neuronal, and Behavioral Function
Authors: Marottoli Felecia M. , Zhang Hui , Flores-Barrera Eden , Artur de la Villarmois Emilce , Damen Frederick C. , Miguelez Fernández Anabel M.M. , Blesson Hannah V. , Chaudhary Rohan , Nguyen Anthony L. , Nwokeji Amanda E. , Talati Ruju , John Ashwin S. , Madadakere Kushi , Lutz Sarah E. , Cai Kejia , Tseng Kuei Y. , Tai Leon M.
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Specialized brain endothelial cells and human
APOE3
are independently important for neurovascular function, yet whether
APOE3
expression by endothelial cells contributes to brain function is currently unknown. In the present study, we determined whether the loss of endothelial cell
APOE3
impacts brain vascular and neural function.

METHODS:

We developed
APOE3
fl/fl
/Cdh5(PAC)-CreERT2
+/−
(
APOE3
Cre+/−
) and
APOE3
fl/fl
/Cdh5(PAC)-CreERT2
−/−
(
APOE3
Cre
−/−
, control) mice and induced endothelial cell
APOE3
knockdown with tamoxifen at ≈4 to 5 weeks of age. Neurovascular and neuronal function were evaluated by biochemistry, immunohistochemistry, behavioral testing, and electrophysiology at 9 months of age.

RESULTS:

We found that the loss of endothelial
APOE3
expression was sufficient to cause neurovascular dysfunction including higher permeability and lower vessel coverage in tandem with deficits in spatial memory and fear memory extinction and a disruption of cortical excitatory/inhibitory balance.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our data collectively support the novel concept that endothelial
APOE3
plays a critical role in the regulation of the neurovasculature, neural circuit function, and behavior.
2. 1901–04: The End of the Beginning
Authors: Mallinson Jonathan
Published: August 2023

Moorcroft is seen to be moving in a quite different direction from chemist potters such as Elton, Howson Taylor, Noke (at Doulton) or Burton (at Pilkington), who experimented with largely unornamented glaze effects. As well as developing new colours, he was exploring the design potential of different decorative motifs, not least trees and toadstools; diary entries suggest an increasingly close collaboration with Liberty’s, who actively promoted his most innovative work. Articles in The Studio and the Art Journal increased his reputation in the UK, and in the US he was the subject of an important article in Keramic Studio. He was attracting attention not just as a chemist potter, but as a designer, and as an individual, his work increasingly referred to by his name, not that of Macintyre’s. This artistic creativity was complemented by extensive marketing and continued commercial success. His diaries record frequent sales trips, and growing US interest from stores such as Spaulding & Co (Chicago), Marshall Field & Co. (Chicago), Wanamaker’s (New York). The culmination of this collaboration was Macintyre’s participation at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exhibition in St Louis, where Moorcroft won a Gold Medal, the highest award for an individual exhibitor.
8. 1919–23: A Lone Furrow
Authors: Mallinson Jonathan
Published: August 2023

This chapter deals with the short-lived post-war boom, and its aftermath. Surviving factory documents record the continuing (and growing) demand for Moorcroft’s ware, long after other manufacturers struggled to stay afloat. Contemporary correspondence and reviews reveal his enterprise and sense of purpose. At a time of economic slowdown and widespread retrenchment, Moorcroft expanded his facilities, building kilns for both flambé and lustre ware, and defiantly maintaining production through the miners’ strikes of 1920 and 1921, firing his ovens with wood. His trade income continued to increase, allowing him to offset rising prices and to retain his rates of pay, which, in the industry as a whole, were declining steadily. What is striking about Moorcroft’s commercial success is that it was based on designs characterised by their sensitivity, rather than their appeal to fashion. Wares commemorating the Armistice were widely praised for their simple dignity, his lustre wares stirred the imagination of private correspondents and critics alike with their haunting iridescence, and his decorative designs brought serenity to a troubled post-war world. Moorcroft stood apart as an artist potter; as one store put it: ‘Once seen, your sense of the beautiful will never allow you to forget Moorcroft Ware’. The pottery was the expression of the artist. His own advertisements often displayed no more than his name and his signature, eloquently and succinctly conveying the individuality of his ware. Moorcroft openly distinguished himself from pottery manufacturers whose Federation he declined to join, and this distinctiveness was openly recognised. He was often referred to in reviews as an individual rather than as a firm, and his pottery pointedly depicted as a ‘studio ware’, just at the time when Bernard Leach and other independent potters were attracting the attention of critics. Reviews often identified qualities highlighted too in the work of studio potters, and his exhibition pieces commanded the same high prices as the finest studio wares. Against this background of success, Liberty’s decided, quite unprompted, to convert their (secured) debentures into (unsecured) shares, putting their investment on the same financial footing as Moorcroft’s own. At a time of growing economic uncertainty, this was a telling indication of their confidence in the artistic quality and commercial potential of his pottery.
10. 1926–28: Re-negotiating the Future
Authors: Mallinson Jonathan
Published: August 2023

These years saw increasing commercial pressure and acute personal setback. The General Strike and the extended miners’ stoppage of 1926 caused severe hardship in the industry, but Moorcroft’s resilience and resourcefulness saw him through once again. Ledgers show his decline in turnover and rising costs, but they also reveal his success, unlike the majority of potteries, in avoiding both short-time and pay cuts. In 1926, too, he suffered the devastating loss of his wife, a crucial figure of support and advice. For all these challenges, the period was characterised by renewed and often radical creativity. Moorcroft continued to experiment with designs and glazes, attracting particular critical attention for his flambé wares, described in one review as ‘poems in colour’. But just as significantly, the press continued to note the accessibility of his ware, affordable and functional as well as artistic. This is particularly significant when pottery was dividing between popular commercial production, epitomised by the designs of Clarice Cliff, and the more exclusive world of studio ceramics. Leach’s essay ‘A Potter’s Outlook’ (1928) sought to bridge that gap, arguing for the social responsibility of the craft potter; Moorcroft, in his own distinctive way, was achieving that ambition already. The chapter examines, too, two major acknowledgements of Moorcroft’s status and achievement. In 1928, he was awarded the Royal Warrant by Queen Mary, a mark both of the quality of his ware and of its national value. In the same year, he renegotiated his contract with Liberty’s, and, crucially, his relationship with the firm which bore his name. Ownership of his designs was assigned to him, not to the firm (as was the case in the 1913 contract), underlining their recognition of his inalienable individuality as a potter.
NOX4 Upregulation in Lung Cancer: A Potential Therapeutic Target Associated with Immune Infiltration
Authors: Li Hong , Feng Sifang , Yang Tian , Ning Jiejuan , Wu Yuegang , Chen Tianjun
Published: August 2023

Lung cancer is a common and highly lethal tumor worldwide. Research indicates that NOX4 plays a crucial role in apoptosis resistance and sustained proliferation of cancer cells in various types of tumors. In this study, NOX4 expression in lung cancer tissues was analyzed using the Wilcoxon
rank sum test, while the Kruskal-Wallis Test was employed to explore the relationship between NOX4 expression and clinical characteristics in lung cancer patients. Prognostic evaluation was conducted using Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis, Cox regression, and receiver operating characteristic
(ROC) curve construction. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to investigate the correlation between NOX4 and immune infiltration. Results showed significantly higher NOX4 expression in lung cancer patients compared to normal tissues. High NOX4 expression was associated with
shorter overall survival (OS) in lung cancer patients, as confirmed by Cox analysis. Furthermore, other clinicopathological factors predicted poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and NOX4 demonstrated diagnostic value according to ROC analysis. Additionally, NOX4 overexpression correlated
with macrophages and Th1 cells based on SsGSEA analysis. In summary, NOX4 serves as an independent prognostic biomarker and is associated with immune infiltration in lung cancer.
miR-27a-3p Nanoparticle Alleviate Sunitinib-Induced Cardiotoxicity Through Inhibiting LATS2
Authors: Shuang Ren , Huang Sisi , Zhou Chaonan , Chen Jingyu , Ge Lianying
Published: August 2023

Damage to cardiac myocytes causes cardiac dysfunction, leading to heart failure or even sudden death with high mortality. As a first-line antitumor drug, Sunitinib has toxic effects on the heart that cannot be ignored. Previous studies have shown that both miR-27a-3p nanoparticle and
LATS2 expression can affect cardiac development; however, the role of the cardiotoxicity caused by sunitinib is elusive. Cell viability was detected by MTT, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry; mRNA as good as protein expression was tested by qRT-PCR and western blotting; animal models
detected cardiac damage; tissue apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining; the binding site of miR-27a-3p to LATS2 was verified by StarBase as well as dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Our results showed that sunitinib had a toxic effect on cardiomyocytes, which was manifested by reducing
cell viability and promoting apoptosis, and this toxic effect was concentration-dependent. In addition, miR-27a-3p expression decreased in sunitinib-treated cardiomyocytes, while mRNA and protein expression of LATS2 increased. Overexpression of miR-27a-3p attenuated sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity,
partially increased cell viability, and inhibited apoptosis. However, miR-27a-3p had binding sites with LATS2, and the mitigating effects of overexpression of miR-27a-3p on cardiotoxicity could all be reversed by overexpression of LATS2. Finally, we verified the cardioprotective effect of
overexpression of miR-27a-3p by establishing an animal model. miR-27a-3p alleviates sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting LATS2, which could be a new strategy for cardiotoxicity treatment in the near future.
Ultrasound-Promoted Nanoreagent for Homologous Targeted Synergistic Chemodynamic/Sonodynamic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Zuo Huiying , Xiao Hui Fang , Wang Deqiang , Wang Ranran
Published: August 2023

The establishment of a tumor theranostic platform with high efficacy is attracting considerable interest in cancer treatment. Nevertheless, considerable obstacles need to be overcome in developing such a platform. In this study, a versatile theranostic system (CM-FMNPs-Cur) was produced
utilizing MnO2 nanoflowers, which provided targeted and synergistic therapy for cancer through the incorporation of sonodynamic and chemodynamic therapies. By integrating Fe3O4, MnO2, and curcumin, CM-FMNPs-Cur manifests a substantial amount of reactive
oxygen species toward deep-seated cancers. As a sonosensitizer, curcumin was used for chemodynamic therapy (CDT)_and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). In the acidic environment of malignant cells, CM-FMNPs-Cur can decompose into Mn2+ and Fe2+, triggering a Fenton-like reaction
and generating ·OH radicals and oxygen. Ameliorating tumor hypoxia also enhanced the effectiveness of SDT in neoplasms. The homologous targeting effect of CM-FMNPs-Cur on cancer cell membranes led to its accumulation in the tumor region. Here, the mutual promotion of CDT and SDT resulted
in an amplified therapeutic outcome. All these results revealed the vast potential of CM-FMNPs-Cur for secure and highly effective collaborative tumor treatment, indicating future clinical applications.
Preparation of Upconversion Nanoparticles (UCNPs)-Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)/Merocyanine540 (M540) Photosensitizer by Core–Shell Structure and Its Application in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Yao Haishan , Guo Xin , Yao Qun , Lu Jiongjiong , Sun Zhenxing
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study is to investigate the adjuvant effect of UCNP-PEG-M540 based on a core–shell structure in spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment. 90 female healthy adult SD rats were divided into a control (Ctrl) group, a UCNP, and a UCNP-PEG-M540 group according to different
transplantation materials to observe the recovery of behavioral function and axonal regeneration in rats to evaluate the application effect. The diameter of the UCNP was approximately 24 nm, and the distribution was uniform, which conformed to nanoscale particles. The diffraction pattern of
UCNP based on the core–shell structure was basically the same as that of the UCNP naked core. At 4–12 weeks of treatment, the BBB score of the UCNP-PEG-M540 group was higher based on that of the Ctrl and UCNP groups; the IOD value of NF200-positive staining in the UCNP-PEG-M540
group was much higher to that in the Ctrl group and UCNP group; the IOD value of GFAP-positive staining and the gray value of CFAP were lower to those of the Ctrl group and UCNP group. UCNP-PEG-M540 based on a core–shell structure can further promote the absorption of 980 nm near-infrared
light in injured tissues of SCI rats and inhibit glial cell aggregation, thereby reducing the formation of glial cells and promoting the repair of SCI and the recovery of behavioral function.
School Leader Apprenticeships: Assessing the Characteristics of Interns, Internship Schools, and Mentor Principals
Authors: Bastian Kevin C. , Drake Timothy A.
Published: August 2023

Background: Recent empirical work shows that student teaching in a high-quality learning environment and with a highly effective cooperating teacher predicts the performance and retention of early-career teachers. Little is known about principal internships and their impacts on school leader outcomes. Purpose: To examine the characteristics of principal interns, internship schools, and mentor principals. Setting: Principal preparation programs and K-12 public schools in North Carolina. Sample: A total of 1,135 principal interns from 12 preparation programs in North Carolina over a 4-year period (2015–2016 to 2018–2019). Data: Preparation program data on principal interns and when/where their internship occurred and administrative data from the state of North Carolina, from 2011–2012 to 2018–2019, on all school personnel and schools. Research Methods: Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses to compare interns to noninterns, internship schools to noninternship schools, and mentor principals to nonmentor principals. Findings: We find that interns are more likely to be a person of color and have higher evaluation ratings and value-added estimates than teachers in their buildings. Internship schools have lower levels of quality than noninternship schools, particularly for interns of color. Mentor principals are slightly more effective than nonmentors. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that preparation programs and school districts could be working in closer partnership to make placements in high-quality learning environments and with more effective mentor principals. There is a need for future work to assess the geography of placements, the placement process, and the associations between placement schools and mentor principal characteristics and subsequent outcomes for principal interns.
Individual differences in empathy in Danish university students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Assing Hvidt Elisabeth , Wehberg Sonja , Andersen Christina Maar , Søndergaard Jens , Larrabee Sonderlund Anders
Published: August 2023

Background:

Empathy is widely recognized as a multi-dimensional construct, involving emotional and cognitive components. These may cause distinct experiences and behaviors that can be both beneficial and deleterious to individuals’ well-being and mental health.

Aim:

We wished to examine the association between emotional and cognitive empathy of Danish university students as measured by the multidimensional Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and study major, sex, age, and parental status. Additionally, we aimed to gauge the validity of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy – Student version (JSE-S) as a measure of primarily cognitive empathy in the context of medical majors by comparing JSE-S scores with IRI cognitive scores.

Methods:

In our national, cross-sectional study, conducted in October 2020, we used survey data from students in their first, third, and final study year. All students from University of Southern Denmark were invited to fill out IRI, and all medical students at Denmark’s four medical educations were additionally invited to fill out the JSE-S. Associations were estimated by linear regression models.

Results:

Of 14,072 invited, 2,595 students completed the questionnaire. Health majors scored statistically significantly higher on cognitive empathy than students from other study majors. The JSE-S correlated significantly with the cognitive empathy subscales of the IRI. Furthermore, the effects found in relation to sex, age-, and parental status were significant.

Conclusion:

Our study results show that large differences in empathy exist between university students and study majors. Overall, our results highlight (1) the relevance of investigating empathy as a multidimensional versus a global construct in young adult populations (including university students) and (2) the importance of focusing on differences in empathy across different student characteristics.
Women, Rituals, and the Domestic-Political Distinction in the Confucian Classics
Authors: El Amine Loubna
Published: August 2023

In this article, I show that women are depicted in the early Confucian texts not primarily as undertaking household duties or nurturing children but rather as partaking in rituals of mourning and ancestor worship. To make the argument, I analyze, besides the more philosophical texts like the Analects and the Mencius, texts known as the “Five Classics,” which describe women in their social roles in much more detail than the former. What women’s participation in rituals reveals, I contend, is that the domestic-political distinction does little to illuminate the philosophical vision offered by the early Confucian texts. Relatedly, while women’s involvement in communal religious rituals has also been noted about early Greece, the political import of such participation is even more pronounced in the Confucian case. Specifically, I show that, by embodying intergenerational continuity, the mourning and ancestor rituals that women partake in are foundational to the Confucian state.
Determinants of Hispanic and non-Hispanic Workers’ Intent to Work Past Age 65: An Analysis From the Life Course Perspective
Authors: Diaz-Valdes Antonia , Matz-Costa Christina , Rutledge Mathew S. , Calvo Esteban
Published: August 2023

Background: The average retirement age in the United States (U.S.) has increased over the past few decades. However, the rate of increase for Hispanics is lower than that for non-Hispanics. For Hispanics, the decision to retire later may be more influenced by their migration history and context rather than health or finances. Objective: This study aims to explore the differences in the determinants of intentions to delay retirement (i.e., work beyond the age of 65) between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites in the U.S. Methods: A pooled sample was generated from all waves of the Health and Retirement Study (1992–2014), including a unique record for each non-institutionalized individual aged 55–61 who was employed. All eligible Hispanics ( n = 3,663) were included, while a random sample of non-Hispanic Whites ( n = 3,663) was selected. Logistic mixed models were conducted for each group, and a Two-fold Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition analysis was used to explore differences between the groups. Results: The results indicate that non-Hispanic Whites are more likely to plan to postpone retirement. Furthermore, significant differences were found between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites regarding their intentions to delay retirement, specifically related to socioeconomic indicators such as individual earnings, amount of debt, level of education, and parents’ level of education. The differences between the groups were primarily influenced by the amount of debt, having a defined benefit plan, and parents’ level of education, reflecting the cumulative disadvantage experienced by Hispanics over their life course. Conclusion: Most existing research on the topic has focused on middle-class Whites, while few studies have examined race or ethnicity as the primary focus or explored the extent to which commonly identified predictors of delayed retirement apply to different ethno-racial groups. This is significant because Hispanics and other disadvantaged groups tend to experience financial insecurity during retirement, which directly impacts their health and well-being.
Typicality of Level Change (TLC) as an Additional Effect Measure to NAP and Tau-U in Single Case Research
Authors: Landman Willem , Bogaerts Stefan , Spreen Marinus
Published: August 2023

Single case research is a viable way to obtain evidence for social and psychological interventions on an individual level. Across single case research studies various analysis strategies are employed, varying from visual analysis to the calculation of effect sizes. To calculate effect sizes in studies with few measurements per time period (<40 data points with a minimum of five data points in each phase), non-parametric indices such as Nonoverlap of All Pairs (NAP) and Tau-U are recommended. However, both indices have restrictions. This article discusses the restrictions of NAP and Tau-U and presents the description, calculation, and benefits of an additional effect size, called the Typicality of Level Change (TLC) index. In comparison to NAP and Tau-U, the TLC index is more aligned to visual analysis, not restricted by a ceiling effect, and does not overcompensate for problematic trends in data. The TLC index is also sensitive to the typicality of an effect. TLC is an important addition to ease the restrictions of current nonoverlap methods when comparing effect sizes between cases and studies.
Clinical and VEMPS Characteristics of Benign Recurrent Vertigo With Cochlear Symptoms and Migraine
Authors: Zhang Xue , Xu Bo , Li Yuanquan , Wu Yunsheng , Yang Hongbin , Wu Ziming
Published: August 2023

Objectives: To explore the clinical manifestations and vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) characteristics in patients diagnosed with benign recurrent vertigo (BRV) accompanied by cochlear symptoms or migraine history. Methods: A total of 34 patients were diagnosed with BRV (57 ears) and 30 healthy volunteers (60 ears) were recruited. They were divided into 4 groups: Group A consisted of 17 patients diagnosed as BRV with cochlear symptoms (21 ears), Group B consisted of 11 patients diagnosed as BRV with migraine history (22 ears), and Group C consisted of 7 patients with BRV without cochlear symptoms and migraine history (14 ears). Group D, as a Normal control (NC) group, consisted of 30 healthy volunteers without a history of migraine and cochlear symptoms. Detailed consultations and VEMP testing were performed separately. The VEMPs elicitation rate, amplitude ratio at different frequencies and amplitude statistics were compared and analyzed among the 4 groups. Results: The amplitudes of cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (﻿cVEMP) have significant differences between Groups D and A, and Group C, under 500 Hz ( PAD = .017, PBD = .052, PCD = .044), but the amplitudes of cVEMP have significant differences between Groups D and A, and Group B under 1000 Hz, respectively ( PAD = .008, PBD = .020, PCD = .119). The amplitudes of ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) have significant differences between Groups D and A, and Group B, under 500 Hz, respectively ( PAD = .029, PBD = .005, PCD = .198). oVEMP amplitudes significantly differ between Groups D and A under 1000 Hz ( PAD = .049, PBD = .079, PCD = .103). The statistical difference was absent in elicit rates of cVEMP and oVEMP between the NC and experimental groups (cVEMP: PAD = .525, PBD = .917, PCD = .374; oVEMP: PAD = .678, PBD = .523, PCD = .427). Moreover, there is no significant difference between the NC group and experimental groups among VEMPs and VEMP frequency amplitude ratio ( P > .05). Conclusion: VEMPs could be a diagnostic indicator for BRV patients with cochlear symptoms. The pathogenesis of BRV may be related to damage to the otolithic apparatus.
When and How Perceived HRM Practices Influence Career Satisfaction: A Moderated Mediation Model on Career Self-management and Organizational Support
Authors: Bellamkonda Neha , Srimannarayana M.
Published: August 2023

Drawing from the social cognitive model of work satisfaction, we examine the relationship between perceived human resource management (HRM) practices and career satisfaction via career self-management moderated by organizational support. A survey was administered to the managerial-level employees ( n = 223) in India. Hayes and Scharkow’s method was used to test the mediation and first stage moderated-mediation model. The moderated mediation results based on the responses reveal that perceived HRM practices are associated with career satisfaction and this relationship is mediated by career self-management. We found a significant interaction effect of organizational support between perceived HRM practices and career self-management. Finally, the moderated mediational hypothesis is also supported where the relationship between the perceived HRM practices and career satisfaction is mediated through career self-management and this indirect effect is further strengthened by organizational support. This study extends the social cognitive model of work satisfaction and contributes to the existing literature by demonstrating when and how organizational support and career self-management impact career satisfaction through perceived HRM practices.
Balancing friends and romance: Associations between men’s investment in peer relationships and romantic relationship quality
Authors: Marabel-Whitburn Khya , Greenwood Christopher J. , Mansour Kayla A. , Francis Lauren M. , Olsson Craig A. , Macdonald Jacqui A.
Published: August 2023

Romantic and peer relationships both contribute to overall well-being; however, each demand time and emotional investment that may give rise to competition. Little is known about how men, in particular, balance these relationships. We explored the extent to which men’s investments in peer relationships are associated with romantic relationship quality. We further examined differences between fathers and non-fathers. Data were from five annual waves of the Men and Parenting Pathways cohort study ( N = 608). Participants were men in committed relationships ( n = 526) aged 28-32 years at baseline ( M = 29.91, SD = 1.3). In cross-sectional, linear regressions, estimated using Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE; to account for repeated waves), we investigated peer network investments, (1) time (hours) spent with peers, (2) close network size, and (3) extended network size, and their associations with romantic relationship quality, self-reported using the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Inverted U-shaped associations were found for time spent with peers and close network size, whereby increases in investment were associated with improved relationship quality up to a “tipping point”, following which declines in quality are observed. For extended social networks, the association was linear, such that larger networks were linked to higher romantic relationship quality; however, this association was only evident in fathers. Investing too little or too much in peer relationships may adversely impact the quality of men’s relationships with romantic partners. Supporting men, and particularly fathers, to maintain appropriate investment in peer networks may have benefits for their romantic relationships.
Marketing Analytics Curriculum Integration: An Exploration of Resource Availability for Faculty
Authors: Keiper Margaret C. , Nachtigal Jon , Lupinek Joshua M. , Stough Rusty A.
Published: August 2023

This study builds on the long-identified gap between the marketing industry and marketing academia. The research investigates the relationship between resource-based factors and marketing faculty’s intention to use marketing analytics technology. The theoretical framework for this study is the concerns-based adoption model (CBAM). Resource-based factors explored included technical support, managerial support, financial support, and time. The methodology included a randomized sample of Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) marketing faculty, and the statistical analysis used was multiple regression. Perceived technical support, time to integrate technology, and administrative support are all related to the intention to use marketing analytics technology. Overall, these results indicate that administration within AACSB business schools should consider the resources faculty need to adopt marketing analytics technology into the marketing curriculum, and faculty should consider methods to advocate for such resources.
An occupational therapy delirium pathway reduces hospital re-presentations in older adults with delirium: A before and after observational study
Authors: Harper Kristie J , McAuliffe Kelly , Williamson Melinda , Jacques Angela , Sainsbury Kathryn , Edwards Deborah
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

The hospital environment can exacerbate symptoms of delirium; as such there is a move to promote early supported discharge for patients with delirium. However, the occupational therapy role and impact of intervention is not well known. Our study evaluated an occupational therapy delirium pathway facilitating early assessment, intervention and supported discharge to home compared with hospital-based care.

Method:

A before and after, observational study design. Data was collected regarding hospital use, patient function (Functional Independence Measure/Functional Assessment Measure) and the carer experience (Preparedness for Caregiving Scale).

Results:

Ninety patients (43 control and 47 intervention group patients) were recruited with a mean patient age of 82.8 years (SD 7.6). There was a significant difference in hospital re-presentations ( n = 3 in the intervention group compared to n = 10 in the control group ( p = 0.026)). Hospital length of stay did not significantly differ between the groups ( p = 0.534). The mean score for the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale was 3.3 indicating that most carers felt ‘pretty well prepared’. However, patients continued to experience significant functional decline ( p = 0.006).

Conclusion:

An occupational therapy delirium pathway reduced hospital re-presentations and could be implemented in clinical practice to better support patients recovering from delirium as they transition from hospital to home.