bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An analog circuit experiment on vibrational resonance of an underdamped bistable system
Authors: Liu Jiangling , Jiang Jiahao , Ge Maomao , Li Yuanyuan , Du Luchun
Published: June 2022

The underdamped vibrational resonance of a bistable analogue circuit is investigated. For a wide range of damping coefficients, vibrational resonance phenomena are more robust than over‐damped states. In particular, the vibration resonance curve reenters from single peak to double peak and then to single peak again with the increase of damping coefficients, that is, a reentrance phenomenon. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical ones. The experiment constructed a framework for amplifying weak signals within underdamped regimes.
Study of the impact of sports tourism on the level of physical condition of girls
Authors: Lazunina I.V.
Published: June 2022

The paper discusses the versatile influence of sports tourism lessons on the body of girls, the development of their physical abilities, and the formation of vital and motor skills. The possibility of controlling the effectiveness of the applied methods while preparing athletes is considered. The author pays attention to the typical features of the motor activity aimed at improving the functional state of the body, which may depend on the age and the level of the individual functional state of the athlete. Sports tourism activities contribute to the physical development of girls and increase their physical condition, which has a positive effect on their general development and health. The pedagogical test offered an opportunity to study the organization of training sessions in sport tourism for girls and to determine the possibility of its improvement and optimization. The author proposes an experimental methodology of training sessions in sports tourism for girls 16-17 years old in the youth tourism center “Edelweiss” (Togliatti, Russia). During the pedagogical experiment, competitions between the control and experimental groups in the distance walking and orienteering were conducted.
Anthropometric indicators of young basketball players aged 11-14 and 14-17 as a selection criteria of young players for basketball teams (based on the results of the “Sibur – Zenit” Basketball School program)
Authors: Andrianova Raisa I. , Lenshina Marina V. , Lubyshev Evgeniy A. , Belonozhkina Natalia A. , Fedoseev Dmitrii V. , Orekhov Alexander A.
Published: June 2022

The Basketball School program was launched to track and support young talented basketball players in Russia under the aegis of the Russian Basketball Federation and the SIBUR gas processing company. Physical and technical conditions of players and their anthropometric indicators are monitored each year. The program covers a three-year period and is held annually in several stages. The stages include testing the physical and motor conditions of young players, field sessions with the coaches of the Russian professional basketball team, training camps for talented players and seminars for coaches of youth basketball teams. A study was conducted based on the results obtained during the testing. It was aimed to determine the periods of increase in physical qualities and motor abilities among young basketball players. The relationship between height and other anthropometric indicators was indicated, they can serve as a selection criteria for basketball teams. The results obtained can be used in the formation of training methodology for young basketball players.
The use of a microbiological preparation based on Bacillus subtilis in organic viticulture
Authors: Ostroukhova Elena , Peskova Irina , Levchenko Svetlana , Vyugina Mariya , Belash Dmitriy , Shadura Nadezhda
Published: June 2022

In organic farming, microbiological preparations are an alternative to chemical pesticides and mineral fertilizers. The article summarizes the experience of a three-year use of the biofungicide Extrasol in combination with colloidal sulfur in the vineyards of the Crimea. The use of the biofungicides makes it possible to control the development of powdery mildew of grape at the level of chemical plant protection products, including during the years of epiphytoties: on the cv. Bastardo magarachskiy grapes – 7.1–14.7 %, on the Italy grape cultivar – up to 5.2%. The degree of influence of the biofungicide Extrasol on the phenolic and oxidase complex of grapes depends on the background level of development of Uncinula necator and the biological effectiveness of the treatment. In comparison with chemical means of protection, the smallest effect of processing cv. Bastardo magarachskiy grapes with a biological product in relation to the accumulation of phenolic compounds was observed at a level of powdery mildew development of 30-50 %; the maximum increase in the technological reserve of phenolic compounds was 59 %, anthocyanins – 12 %; the activity of polyphenol oxidase increased 1.1–3.3 times. The use of the biofungicide Extrasol on Italian grape cultivar led to an increase in the weight of the bunch by an average of 11 %, yield – by 25.6 %, titratable acids – by 9.6 % relative to chemicals; improved the aroma, taste and texture of the berry.
Vitality and productivity of laying hens under different light flickering frequency of led lamps
Authors: Kavtarashvili Alexey , Gladin Dmitry
Published: June 2022

The vast majority of modern LED lighting systems for poultry use pulse-width modulation to control illumination in the poultry house. This work studied the vitality and productivity of laying hens under different frequencies of light flickering of LED lamps. The 113-day-old hens of the SP-789 cross were used to form 4 groups of 144 heads each. All groups of chickens were kept in the cage batteries up to 320 days of age, 8 hens per a cage. The light mode was 1L:4D:4L:2D:3L:10D (L-light, D-darkness), the luminance was 10 lx. The lamps in the control group No.1 had no light flickering, while in the experimental groups Nos. 2, 3, and 4 the lamps had light flickering frequencies of 120, 488, and 977 Hz, respectively. The study results showed that in groups Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, the livestock livability was 97.2%, 91.7%, 95.8%, and 95.8%; the egg production per the initial hen was 151.7, 144.4, 151.1, and 150.6 pcs., the average egg weight was 59.3, 59.5, 59.0, and 58.8 g; the yield of egg weight per the initial hen was 9.013, 8.635, 8.940, and 8.895 kg; the feed consumption was 1.43, 1.46, 1.39, and 1.40 kg for 10 eggs and 2.40, 2.43, 2.35, and 2.37 kg for 1 kg of egg weight. It was concluded that it is advisable to use LED lamps with light flickering frequency not less than 488 Hz for laying hens.
Characterization of tunnel excavated earth-based mortars for rammed earth repair
Authors: Ghorbel Elhem , Nouali Mohammed
Published: June 2022

The aim of this work is to study the possibility to reuse the tunnel excavated earth in order to elaborate earth-based mortar for rammed earth reparation. The tunnel excavated earth-based mortars were compared with raw earth based-mortars, largely used in practice. The cement was used as stabilizer and the hemp fibers were used to diminish the cracking due to shrinkage. The mechanical, thermal and hydric properties of mortars were characterized after 28 days. The mortars were maintained in hydrothermal chamber at controlled conditions, 20 ± 2 °C and 50 ± 5 HR. The obtained results show that the mechanical performances increase with the increase of cement by earth ratio. While, the increase of cement content affects negatively the thermal conductivity of earth-based mortars. Whereas, the thermal properties were improved with the addition of natural fiber. The excavated earth-based mortars show higher mechanical performances and good thermal properties compared to raw earth-based mortars.
Energy Management of a Fuzzy Control System in a Microgrid
Authors: Meliani Meryem , El Barkany Abdellah , El Abbassi Ikram , Absi Rafik , Mahmoudi Morad
Published: June 2022

Micro-grids can be considered as the ideal way to integrate renewable energy sources into electricity generation and to give consumers the opportunity to participate in the electricity market as consumers and producers. Our study aims to implement a micro-grid with solar and wind power generation and storage systems. However, the integration of a battery storage system into a micro-grid requires a thorough control of charge and discharge techniques due to the different load conditions. In this study, the proposed system can transfer electricity to and from the main grid. Although, the objective of the simulation is to control at the same time the energy input and output of the principal grid in order to maximize the profit and minimize the cost. To cope with the uncertainties of the system, a fuzzy logic controller for charge-discharge as well as a scheduling of battery energy storage systems is simulated on Matlab, in order to ensure the energy availability on demand and to take a proper decision whether to store or sell energy.
L’inflammasome NLRP3 dans la physiopathologie des infections virales
Authors: Chemarin Marlène , Dufies Océane , Mazet Anastassia , Mellan Eva , Coudereau Rémy , Py Bénédicte F. , Boyer Laurent , Venet Fabienne
Published: June 2022

L’inflammasome NLRP3 est un complexe multiprotéique intracellulaire impliqué dans la réponse immunitaire innée. Après la détection de signaux de dangers, tels que ceux provenant d’agents pathogènes, ce complexe s’assemble afin d’initier la production et la sécrétion de molécules pro-inflammatoires, comme l’IL(interleukine)-1β et l’IL-18. L’inflammasome NLRP3 régule aussi l’activation de la gasdermine D, une protéine impliquée dans la mort cellulaire inflammatoire, ou pyroptose. Cette revue s’intéresse à l’activation et aux rôles de l’inflammasome NLRP3 dans les infections virales et plus particulièrement dans le cas de l’infection par le SARS-CoV-2. Une attention particulière est portée dans cette revue aux traitements évalués, ou en cours d’évaluation, ciblant la voie de l’inflammasome NLRP3 activée au cours de la COVID-19.
La panencéphalite sclérosante subaiguë de la rougeole
Authors: Lebon Pierre , Gelot Antoinette , Zhang Shen-Ying , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Hauw Jean-Jacques
Published: June 2022

La panencéphalite sclérosante subaiguë (PESS), une complication tardive de la rougeole, est encore présente lors d’épidémies de cette maladie dues aux insuffisances de la vaccination. Après un rappel historique, nous aborderons la physiopathologie de la PESS et l’importance des critères diagnostiques. De nombreux travaux portant sur les paramètres de l’immunité innée et sur ceux des réponses interféron tendent à montrer une baisse de l’activité de l’immunité cellulaire au cours de cette maladie. Nous formulons ici plusieurs hypothèses s’appuyant sur des publications concernant différentes formes de la maladie : congénitales, périnatales, formes à incubation courte, semblables à l’encéphalite aiguë à inclusions (EAI), formes d’évolution rapide, formes retrouvées chez les immunodéprimés ou chez l’adulte. Des formes familiales ont également été identifiées, suggérant une origine génétique. Selon la durée de la période de latence entre rougeole et la PESS, deux groupes de patients ont été individualisés, incitant à des analyses rétrospective et prospective des exomes de ces malades. La connaissance des gènes participant à la maladie devrait être utile pour la compréhension de la physiopathologie de la PESS mais aussi d’autres infections neurologiques tardives dues à des virus à ARN.
La résistance aux inhibiteurs de BRAF
Authors: Dahmani Cylia , Corre Eulalie , Dandou Sarah , Mangé Alain , Radulescu Ovidiu , Coopman Peter J. , Cuq Pierre , Larive Romain M.
Published: June 2022

La voie de signalisation MAPK/ERK est une voie centrale de la signalisation intracellulaire. Sa dérégulation participe à la transformation et la progression tumorales. Dans plusieurs cancers, la découverte de mutations activatrices de BRAF, à l’origine de l’activation de cette voie, a ouvert de nouvelles perspectives thérapeutiques avec le développement d’inhibiteurs spécifiques de la protéine. Selon les cancers, ces inhibiteurs ont cependant montré soit une efficacité insuffisante, due à la résistance primaire des cellules tumorales, soit une efficacité transitoire, due à l’apparition d’une résistance acquise. Dans cette revue, nous revenons sur les découvertes qui ont conduit au développement de ces inhibiteurs de BRAF. Nous détaillons également les mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires de la résistance à ces inhibiteurs observée dans différents types de cancers. Comprendre ces mécanismes est en effet primordial pour développer des stratégies thérapeutiques qui soient plus efficaces.
La fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique
Authors: Hennion Nathan , Desseyn Jean-Luc , Gottrand Frédéric , Wémeau-Stervinou Lidwine , Gouyer Valérie
Published: June 2022

La fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique (FPI) est une maladie pulmonaire chronique, évolutive et mortelle dont l’origine est inconnue. Elle se caractérise par une cicatrisation aberrante de l’épithélium alvéolaire aboutissant à une accumulation de matrice extracellulaire (MEC). Les foyers fibroblastiques, constitués de fibroblastes et de myofibroblastes, sont responsables de la production excessive de MEC. Les deux seules molécules thérapeutiques disponibles sur le marché permettent seulement de ralentir l’évolution de la maladie. Dans cette revue, nous présentons les mécanismes impliqués dans la progression de la maladie, ses traitements et les modèles d’étude.
Effect of Cr content of Fe-10Mn-xCr (x = 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 masspct) on slag/steel reaction and as-cast microstructure
Authors: Yu Huixiang , Yang Dexin , Zhang Jiaming , Zhao Zhengzhi
Published: June 2022

With the development of medium/high manganese steel which has excellent mechanical properties, research on its corrosion resistance is attracting more attention. In this study, the effect of anti-corrosion element Cr on the reaction between Fe-10Mn-xCr alloy and CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO refining slag, as well as the as-cast microstructure of steel were investigated by adding different Cr content (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 mass pct). The results showed that Mn content in steel was significantly reduced, and Cr content changed little after slag/steel reaction. The Cr2O3 content in slag increased a little with the increase of initial Cr content, while MnO content presented the opposite trend. The inclusion types in steel remained the same with different Cr content, including MnO and MnO-SiO2 type, of which MnO-SiO2 inclusions was the main type. Most inclusions were spherical-shaped with size less than 3 μm. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the reaction between Mn in steel and SiO2 in slag was the mechanism of steel and slag composition change and inclusion types. The above results indicate that adding Cr has little effect on the reaction between Fe-10Mn and CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO top slag. After slag/steel reaction, the as-cast microstructure of steel specimens were lath martensite with BCC structure. With Cr content increasing, the microhardness increased gradually.
The adiabatic exponent limits of Riemann solutions for the extended macroscopic production model
Authors: Shan Shan , Shen Chun , Wei Zhijian
Published: June 2022

The exact Riemann solutions for the extended macroscopic production model with an adiabatic exponent are constructed in perfectly explicit forms. The asymptotic limit of Riemann solution consisting of 1-shock wave and 2-contact discontinuity tends to a delta shock solution for the pressureless gas dynamics model under the special over-compressive entropy condition as the adiabatic exponent drops to one. In contrast, the asymptotic limit of Riemann solution composed of 1-rarefaction wave and 2-contact discontinuity tends to the vacuum solution surrounded by two contact discontinuities by letting the adiabatic exponent tend to one, in which the state in the interior of the 1-rarefaction wave fan is developed into vacuum. The intrinsic phenomena of concentration and cavitation are identified and investigated carefully during this limiting process, which displays more complicated and completely different behavior compared with previous literature. In addition, some representative numerical calculations are also provided, which are in well agreement with our theoretical results.
Is aspirin still relevant as a single pharmacological agent for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis post hip and knee arthroplasty surgery: A retrospective review
Authors: Pretorius Jacques , Nemat Nouman , Azeem Imran , Shaju Tony , Nadeem Sayed , Hammad Yasir
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Aspirin is widely used for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). It is well-established that the bleeding and wound complication risk for aspirin is low or equivalent to the other anticoagulant agents, but there is still ongoing controversy regarding the efficacy of aspirin for VTE prophylaxis. The current HSE (2012) guideline suggests 72 h of enoxaparin and 4 weeks of Aspirin therapy. But is this practice still relevant with more recent guidelines, NICE (2021) and SIGN (2014) suggesting that Aspirin is not recommended as a single pharmacological agent for VTE prophylaxis. Method: A Retrospective review was performed of a single centre, between January 2016 and May 2021 assessing for symptomatic VTE post-THA and TKA. All the patients received enoxaparin and aspirin as per the HSE guidelines. Using NIMIS we assessed which patients received a workup for potential symptomatic VTE and who had a confirmed VTE within 3 months post-surgery. The secondary outcome was mortality within 3 months post-surgery. Results: A total of 1178 patients (721 undergoing THR and 457 undergoing TKR) were included in the study. The number of patients who received a workup for potential symptomatic VTE was 124 of 1178 (10.53%). VTE occurred in 13 of 721 patients (1.80%) of the THR patients and 1 of 457 (0.22%) of the TKR patients, and a total of 14 of 1178 patients (1.19%). Of these 7 (0.59%) patients developed a DVT and 7 (0.59%) a PE. No patients suffered a fatal pulmonary embolism within 90 days of index surgery nor any other cause of mortality. Conclusion: Aspirin is not only still relevant but can be considered as one of the most optimal pharmacological agents in preventing VTE after THA and TKA.
Die Anamnese sichert den Erfolg – stabile Reduktion einer
Rezession durch kieferorthopädische Maßnahmen
Authors: Klinke Rebecca , Cieplik Fabian
Published: June 2022

Hintergrund Unter dem Begriff „Rezession“ wird das
Freiliegen der Schmelz-Zement-Grenze und Wurzeloberfläche durch apikale
Verlagerung der marginalen Gingiva verstanden. Vestibuläre Rezessionen
können sowohl bei guter als auch bei schlechter Mundhygiene auftreten
und weisen eine multifaktorielle Ätiologie auf. Da sie nicht nur ein
ästhetisches Problem für Patienten darstellen, sondern unter
anderem mit Überempfindlichkeiten, erschwerter Plaquekontrolle,
Entwicklung von kariösen und nicht-kariösen
Zahnhartsubstanzdefekten und zunehmendem parodontalen Attachmentverlust
einhergehen können, ist oftmals eine Rezessionsdeckung mittels
plastisch-parodontalchirurgischer Maßnahmen indiziert.

Fallvorstellung Bei einer 23-jährigen Patientin mit einer
Rezession an Zahn 41 (Rezessionstyp 1; 5 mm) nach bereits alio loco
erfolgter kieferorthopädischer Therapie und mit Diabetes mellitus Typ I
sollten primär durch Entfernung eines lingual geklebten verseilten
Retainers, Frenektomie des in die Rezession einstrahlenden Frenulum labiale und
kieferorthopädischer Korrektur des labialen Wurzeltorques
günstige Voraussetzungen für eine anschließend geplante
plastisch-parodontalchirurgische Rezessionsdeckung geschaffen werden. Die
Rezession konnte allerdings allein durch Frenektomie und die beschriebenen
kieferorthopädischen Maßnahmen in 8 Monaten aktiver
Behandlungszeit von 5 mm auf 2 mm reduziert und eine
Stabilität über 18 Monate dokumentiert werden. Auf die
ursprünglich geplante plastisch-parodontalchirurgische Rezessionsdeckung
konnte somit verzichtet werden.

Schlussfolgerungen Der hier dargestellte Fallbericht zeigt deutlich, dass
unter Berücksichtigung der zu Grunde liegenden Ätiologie
(labialer Wurzeltorque sowie einstrahlendes Frenulum labiale) eine Rezession Typ
1 allein durch Frenektomie und kieferorthopädische Maßnahmen
stabil gedeckt werden kann. Dies ist gerade in Fällen mit den
Therapieerfolg möglicherweise erschwerenden Allgemeinerkrankungen (wie
Diabetes mellitus Typ I im vorliegenden Fall) einer
plastisch-parodontalchirurgischen Intervention vorzuziehen.
Kieferorthopädische Therapie im parodontal kompromittierten
Gebiss – Herausforderungen, interdisziplinäre Therapie und
Grenzen
Authors: Zbidat Nermien , Kirschneck Christian
Published: June 2022

Aktuelle Daten deuten auf eine Abnahme der Prävalenz der Parodontitis
hin. Dennoch ist durch den demografischen Wandel mit einer Zunahme des
parodontalen Behandlungsbedarfes in der Bevölkerung zu rechnen. Die
kieferorthopädische Behandlung bei Erwachsenen wird somit immer
häufiger vor neue Herausforderungen gestellt werden. Hierbei ist die
korrekte Diagnose, Risikobewertung sowie eine auf die parodontalen
Verhältnisse angepasste Therapieplanung maßgeblich für
den Erfolg der Behandlung. Neben Kenntnissen der biomechanisch relevanten
Veränderungen im parodontal kompromittierten Gebiss, ist eine intensive
interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zwischen Kieferorthopäden und
Parodontologen essenziell. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick
über die interdisziplinären Schnittpunkte sowie über die
kieferorthopädisch relevanten Folgen einer Parodontitis, die im Zuge der
Therapieplanung und -durchführung beachtet werden müssen. Ferner
werden ein interdisziplinärer Behandlungspfad sowie verschiedene
kieferorthopädische Maßnahmen vorgestellt, die im Rahmen der
interdisziplinären Parodontitistherapie zur Wiederherstellung eines
stabilen parodontalen Zustandes beitragen können.
Democracy dies in Darkness
Authors: Holzhauer Peter
Published: June 2022

Dieser offizielle Slogan der Washington
Post kam mir in diesen dunklen Tagen in den Sinn. Als der Ukrainekrieg
begann, war ich, wie viele Menschen in meiner Nähe, entsetzt, paralysiert,
wütend/aggressiv und auch ängstlich. War sie wieder da, die
„German Angst“?
Impflücken bei Beschäftigten in Einrichtungen der
vorschulischen Kinderbetreuung vor Einführung des
Masernschutzgesetzes
Authors: Stephan Goertz Ruediger , Gherman Elsa , Wentzlaff Holger , Drexler Hans , Wolfschmidt Anna
Published: June 2022

Ziel der Studie Das Masernschutzgesetz und aktualisierte Empfehlungen der
Ständigen Impfkommission (STIKO) machen den Nachweis der zweimaligen
Impfung gegen Masern für ab 1971 geborene Beschäftigte in der
Kinderbetreuung zur Pflicht. Weiterhin sollten die allgemeinen Standard- und
beruflichen STIKO-Empfehlungen umgesetzt sein. Es erfolgte daher eine
retrolektive Evaluation von Impflücken von Beschäftigten in
Einrichtungen der vorschulischen Kinderbetreuung.

Methodik Durch eine Datenbank-Abfrage der Jahre 2018 und 2019 des
B·A·D-Gesundheitszentrums Erlangen wurden insgesamt 1300
arbeitsmedizinische Vorsorgen im Bereich der vorschulischen Kinderbetreuung
erfasst. Ausgeschlossen wurden Doppelvorsorgen und Vorsorgen mit unzureichenden
Daten: 1016 Akten wurden hinsichtlich der Impflücken bezüglich
Masern, Mumps, Röteln, Varizellen, Pertussis, Hepatitis A+B und
FSME analysiert. Die Beurteilung erfolgte primär anhand des Impfpasses.
Impflücken wurden bei fehlendem, begonnenem bzw. unvollständigem
Impfschutz angenommen.

Ergebnisse In der Kohorte der 1016 Beschäftigten stieg durch die
aktualisierte STIKO-Empfehlung und die damit verbundene Änderung der
Definition eines vollständigen Masern-Impfschutzes die
Masern-Impflücke von 16,2% auf 20,6%. Weitere
Impflücken lagen bei: für Mumps 22,7%, für
Röteln 18,9%, für Windpocken 2,3%, für
Pertussis 27,8%, für Hepatitis A 61,1% und für
FSME 60,5%. Die Altersgruppe <30 Jahre zeigte geringere
Impflücken als die Altersgruppe ≥30 Jahre.

Schlussfolgerung Es bestehen altersabhängig teils erhebliche
Impflücken in der Beschäftigtenkohorte vom Erlanger
Gesundheitszentrum bezüglich der untersuchten (teils
impfpräventablen) Infektionskrankheiten. Das Masernschutzgesetz
erscheint daher als eine sinnvolle Maßnahme, um die
Masernimpflücken zu schließen. Es wird deutlich, dass im Rahmen
arbeitsmedizinischer Vorsorgen großer Beratungs- und Handlungsbedarf
hinsichtlich der Infektionsprävention durch Impfungen besteht.
Effects of Liposome-Entrapped Muramyl Tripeptide Phosphatidylethanolamine (L-MTP-PE) on the Tumor Growth and Survival of Mice Bearing Syngeneic Tumor in Combination with a Chemotherapeutic or Immunomodulatory Agent
Authors: Tanaka Motoharu , Abe Shigeru
Published: June 2022

Antitumor activities of L-MTP-PE (Liposome entrapped myuramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine) in the combination treatment with chemo- or immune-therapeutic antitumor agents against various syngeneic tumors were tested.

Against Meth A fibrosarcoma solid tumor system, L-MTP-PE showed slight but statistically significant elongation of survival days against 5-FU monotherapy in spite of its non-effect on tumor growth, when combined with 5-FU. Against liver metastasis model of M5076 carcinoma, L-MTP-PE showed a tendency of elongation of survival days by its single drug treatment, however, elongation with statistical significance was observed in the combination treatment with 5-FU in comparison with control group.

These data suggest that L-MTP-PE seems to elongate the survival days of the solid tumor bearing mice and the liver metastasis model basically due to its saving effect on chemotherapeutic drug-induced immunosuppression. In the combination with an immunotherapeutic agent in mice, TNF production induced by another biological response modifier OK-432 was potentiated when primed with L-MTP-PE. L-MTP-PE also potentiate the antitumor effect of OK-432 possibly through the enhanced production of TNF-α. Combination of L-MTP-PE and OK-432 is considered to be a candidate for a new treatment model for cancer.
Generating Operative Workflows for Vestibular Schwannoma Resection: A Two-Stage Delphi's Consensus in Collaboration with the British Skull Base Society. Part 1: The Retrosigmoid Approach
Authors: Layard Horsfall Hugo , Khan Danyal Z. , Collins Justin , Cooke Stephen , Freeman Simon R. , Gurusinghe Nihal , Hampton Susie , Hardwidge Carl , Irving Richard , Kitchen Neil , King Andrew , Khalil Sherif , Koh Chan H. , Leonard Colin , Marcus Hani J. , Muirhead William , Obholzer Rupert , Pathmanaban Omar , Robertson Iain J. A. , Shapey Jonathan , Stoyanov Danail , Teo Mario , Tysome James R. , Saeed Shakeel R. , Grover Patrick
Published: June 2022

Objective An operative workflow systematically compartmentalizes operations into hierarchal components of phases, steps, instrument, technique errors, and event errors. Operative workflow provides a foundation for education, training, and understanding of surgical variation. In this Part 1, we present a codified operative workflow for the retrosigmoid approach to vestibular schwannoma resection.

Methods A mixed-method consensus process of literature review, small-group Delphi's consensus, followed by a national Delphi's consensus, was performed in collaboration with British Skull Base Society (BSBS). Each Delphi's round was repeated until data saturation and over 90% consensus was reached.

Results Eighteen consultant skull base surgeons (10 neurosurgeons and 8 ENT [ear, nose, and throat]) with median 17.9 years of experience (interquartile range: 17.5 years) of independent practice participated. There was a 100% response rate across both Delphi's rounds. The operative workflow for the retrosigmoid approach contained three phases and 40 unique steps as follows: phase 1, approach and exposure; phase 2, tumor debulking and excision; phase 3, closure. For the retrosigmoid approach, technique, and event error for each operative step was also described.

Conclusion We present Part 1 of a national, multicenter, consensus-derived, codified operative workflow for the retrosigmoid approach to vestibular schwannomas that encompasses phases, steps, instruments, technique errors, and event errors. The codified retrosigmoid approach presented in this manuscript can serve as foundational research for future work, such as operative workflow analysis or neurosurgical simulation and education.
Mastering Core Recommendations during HEPAtology ROUNDS in Patients with Advanced Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Garcia-Saenz-de-Sicilia Mauricio , Al-Obaid Lolwa , Hughes Dempsey L. , Duarte-Rojo Andrés
Published: June 2022

Efficient and thorough care of hospitalized patients with advanced chronic liver disease is of utter importance to improve outcomes and optimize quality of life. This requires understanding current evidence and best practices. To facilitate focus on up-to-date knowledge and a practical approach, we have created the HEPA-ROUNDS mnemonic while outlining a practical review of the literature with critical appraisal for the busy clinician. The HEPA-ROUNDS mnemonic provides a structured approach that incorporates critical concepts in terms of prevention, management, and prognostication of the most common complications frequently encountered in patients with advanced chronic liver disease. In addition, implementing the HEPA-ROUNDS mnemonic can facilitate education for trainees and staff caring for patients with advanced chronic liver disease.
Aerobic Photooxidation of Toluene Derivatives into Carboxylic Acids with Bromine–Water under Catalyst-Free Conditions
Authors: Kirihara Masayuki , Kimura Yoshikazu , Sakamoto Yugo , Yamahara Sho , Kitajima Atsuhito , Kugisaki Naoki
Published: June 2022

The photoirradiation of toluene derivatives with two equivalents of bromine in benzotrifluoride–water provided a satisfactory yield of the corresponding benzoic acid derivatives. Either a fluorescent lamp, blue LED (454 nm), or UV LED (385 nm) was used for the photoreaction. The reaction pathway might proceed through the dibromination of benzylic carbon, generation of the benzylic radical via oxidative C–H abstraction, formation of benzoyl bromide, and hydrolysis of carboxylic acid.
Case for More Autologous Transplants in Myeloma in Resource-Constrained Settings
Authors: Singh Suvir , Sharma Rintu
Published: June 2022

Multiple myeloma is characterized by a near universal risk of relapse. Autologous stem cell transplantation provides a significant progression free survival benefit but is under utilized worldwide. We provide a small snapshot of why ASCT assumes greater importance in resource-constrained settings.
Evaluation of Effectiveness of Preemptive Intravenous Analgesics versus Postoperative TAP Block in Unilateral Inguinal Hernioplasty—A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Navya C. N. , Srisanthanakrishnan V. , Safneedha P. M. , Ranganathan V.
Published: June 2022

Aim The aim of this study was to compare the extent of analgesia in terms of duration of analgesia and requirement of postoperative analgesics with preemptive analgesia and transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in patients undergoing inguinal hernioplasty.

Materials and Methods Ninety male patients aged between 18 and 65 years of American Society of Anesthesiologists grades I and II undergoing open inguinal hernioplasty were randomly allocated to three comparable groups of 30 each. Control group (group C) received normal saline; preemptive group (group P) received inj. paracetamol, inj. diclofenac, and inj. Lignocaine; and TAP group (group T) received TAP block with 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine at the end of surgery. Parameters recorded were verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) at rest at 4, 12, 24, and 48 hours and VNRS on movement at 12, 24, and 48 hours; heart rate and mean arterial pressure at 0, 4, 12, and 48 hours; time for first analgesic request; and total doses of analgesics consumed at 24 hours.

Results Demographic data were comparable. VNRS on movement and number of doses of analgesics consumed at 24 hours were statistically less in group T (4.80 ± .761 hours); time for first request of analgesia was longer and this group had better patient satisfaction scores compared with other groups.

Conclusion Both groups P and T provided better VNRS scores compared with group C. TAP block provided better VNRS scores on movement at 24 hours, lesser analgesic requirement, and better patient satisfaction score compared with other groups.
Risk Factors of Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Disease in Geriatric Evaluated Using Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (IMT) Measurement, the First Indonesian Population Study
Authors: Pratama Dedy , Rahmaditya Fajar Satria , Utama Alexander Jayadi , Suhartono Raden , Muradi Akhmadu
Published: June 2022

Carotid artery disease in geriatric is one of the important etiologies of stroke, which topped the cause of mortality in Indonesia. Specific prevention should be done as early as asymptomatic disease occurred. Initial assessment can be performed using ultrasound by measuring the intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid artery, which can evaluate earlier progression of the atherosclerosis process. Unfortunately, we do not have risk factors categorization that show us which geriatric population fall under high-risk stratification to be screened. Study was done to Indonesian geriatric population. Asymptomatic carotid disease was tested positive if IMT was > 0.9 mm without any previous neurological symptoms. Correlation of the result was statistically tested with risk factors of atherosclerotic process, such as sex, body mass index, presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia. Study obtained 104 subjects and showed the prevalence of asymptomatic carotid disease was 37.5%. Two risk factors: diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia were statistically significant (p = 0.01) with odds ratio (OR) 3.56 (1.31–9.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]) and OR 2.85 (1.25–6.51, CI 95%), respectively. Logistic regression showed the risk was 69.2% by having two of these comorbidities, 47.2 or 42.5% if diabetes mellitus or hypercholesterolemia was present. As diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia were proved to be significant risk factors for asymptomatic carotid artery disease, we recommend performing ultrasound screening to measure carotid artery IMT for geriatric population who had diabetes mellitus and/or hypercholesterolemia for asymptomatic carotid artery disease to be diagnosed and further treated.
The Relationship between Pathological Features and 18F-FDG PET/CT that Changed the Surgeon's Decision as Neoadjuvant Therapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Edizsoy Akay , Dağ Ahmet , Özcan Pınar Pelin , Koç Zehra Pınar
Published: June 2022

Objective Patients diagnosed with breast cancer and decided to undergo surgical treatment can undergo neoadjuvant therapy following their 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) findings. The present study aims to determine the statistical significance of these patients whose treatment plan was changed and the reasons for the change in the plan.

Materials and Methods The demographic features and treatment plans of 151 cases who were diagnosed with any stage of breast cancer were evaluated. These patients consist of those who admitted to Mersin University Hospital Breast Outpatient Clinic between January 2016 and December 2019. All of these patients aged between 41 and 85 years were examined with 18F-FDG PET/CT after the decision for surgical treatment is made. The analysis included tumor pathology, side, type, subtype, size, and centricity in this study.

Results About 18.5% (n = 28) of patients' treatment plan was changed after 18F-FDG PET/CT. They received neoadjuvant therapy. About 81.5% (n = 123) of patients did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. Significant differences were observed between patients changed treatment plan and not changed concerning age, lymph node involvement, tumor size, centricity, and subtypes parameters.

Conclusion Conventional imaging examinations are used in patients with breast cancer. These examinations may not be sufficient to determine advanced disease requiring neoadjuvant treatment. With 18F-FDG PET/CT examination, these advanced stage patients are not overlooked. In our study, approximately one in five patients, treatment plan changed after 18F-FDG PET/CT examination.
Cleft Hand—Our Experience of Five Cases
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Aggarwal Krittika , Beniwal Meenu
Published: June 2022

Introduction Hand helps us perform our work and express ourselves. Cleft hand is an aesthetic deformity rather than functional. We document our experience in five such cases from the ages of 3 to 5 years who underwent reconstruction under general anesthesia.

Materials and Methods Three patients underwent Snow–Littler procedure, one underwent osteotomy for angled metacarpal and transverse metacarpal ligament reconstruction, and one underwent removal of transverse bone and transverse metacarpal ligament reconstruction. Splintage was done for 6 to 8 weeks and physiotherapy started. Function was assessed at 6 months.

Results The operating time ranged from 2 to 3 hours. No major postoperative complications were noted. The parents' satisfaction was excellent at 6 months. None of the patients needed revision surgery for recurrence or first web space widening.

Conclusion Cleft hand needs to be analyzed for the adequacy of first web space. The reconstruction is aimed at functional first web space and cleft closure for providing better aesthetic results.
The Cost Effectiveness of Implementation of a Postoperative Endocrinopathy Management Protocol after Resection of Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Benjamin Carolina G. , Dastagirzada Yosef , Bevilacqua Julia , Kurland David B. , Fujita Kevin , Sen Chandra , Golfinos John G. , Placantonakis Dimitris G. , Jafar Jafar J. , Lieberman Seth , Lebowitz Richard , Lewis Ariane , Agrawal Nidhi , Pacione Donato
Published: June 2022

Purpose After developing a protocol for evaluating, diagnosing, and treating postoperative endocrinopathy both during the hospitalization and during the immediate discharge period following resection of pituitary adenomas, we sought to assess the impact of this protocol on quality outcomes.

Methods An IRB-exempt, quality improvement initiated, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant retrospective comparison of a pre-and-post-protocol cohort of all patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal resection of pituitary adenomas at NYU Langone Medical Center from January 2013 to December 2018. Demographic characteristics of the patients and their tumors with their postoperative outcomes were recorded. Quality outcomes regarding number of laboratory studies sent, rate of diabetes insipidus, length of stay, and readmission rate were also recorded. Statistical analysis was performed between the pre- and post-protocol groups.

Results There was a significant reduction in laboratory studies sent per patient (55.66 vs. 18.82, p <0.001). This corresponded with an overall cost reduction in laboratory studies of $255.95 per patient. There was a decrease in the overall number of patients treated with DDAVP (21.4% in the pre-protocol group vs. 8.9% in the post-protocol group, p = 0.04). All post-protocol patients requiring DDAVP at discharge were identified by 48 hours. There was no significant change in length of stay or need for hydrocortisone supplementation postoperatively between the two groups. Length of stay was driven mostly by need for reoperation during initial hospitalization. There was no significant change in the rate of 30-day readmission.

Conclusion Implementation of a postoperative management protocol results in a more efficient diagnosis and management of endocrinopathy after pituitary adenoma surgery which translates to decreased cost.
Arthroscopic Capsular Shrinkage Is Safe and Effective in the Treatment of Midcarpal Instability in a Pediatric Population: A Single-Center Experience of 51 Cases
Authors: Wharton Rupert M. H. , Lindau Tommy R. , Oestreich Kerstin
Published: June 2022

Objective Treatment of palmar midcarpal instability (PMCI) remains controversial and children can develop PMCI from asymptomatic hypermobility. Recently, case series have been published regarding the use of arthroscopic thermal shrinkage of the capsule in adults. Reports of the use of the technique in children and adolescents are rare, and there are no published case series.

Methods In a tertiary hand center for children's hand and wrist conditions, 51 patients were treated with arthroscopy for PMCI between 2014 and 2021. Eighteen out of 51 patients carried additional diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) or a congenital arthritis. Data were collected including range of movement, visual analog scale (VAS) at rest and with load, and grip strength. Data were used to determine the safety and efficacy of this treatment in pediatric and adolescent patients.

Results Mean follow-up was 11.9 months. The procedure was well tolerated and no complications were recorded. Range of movement was preserved postoperatively. In all groups VAS scores at rest and with load improved. Those who underwent arthroscopic capsular shrinkage (ACS) had significantly greater improvement in VAS with load, compared with those who underwent arthroscopic synovectomy alone (p = 0.04). Comparing those treated with underlying JIA versus those without, there was no difference in postoperative range of movement, but there was significantly greater improvement for the non-JIA group in terms of both VAS at rest (p = 0.02) and VAS with load (p = 0.02). Those with JIA and hypermobility stabilized postoperatively, and those with JIA with signs of early carpal collapse and no hypermobility achieved improved range of movement, in terms of flexion (p = 0.02), extension (p = 0.03), and radial deviation (p = 0.01).

Conclusion ACS is a well-tolerated, safe, and effective procedure for PMCI in children and adolescents. It improves pain and instability at rest and with load, and offers benefit over open synovectomy alone. This is the first case series describing the usefulness of the procedure in children and adolescents, and demonstrates effective use of the technique in experienced hands in a specialist center.

Level of Evidence This is a Level IV study.
The Surgical Treatment of Bilateral Accessory Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Prusmetikul Suwimol , Tawonsawatruk Tulyapruek
Published: June 2022

Several abnormal pathologies, such as inflammation or degenerative change, can be causes of ulnar-sided wrist pain. This study demonstrated bilateral accessory extensor carpi ulnaris found in a patient who presented with bilateral wrist pain. The patient was initially treated with all conventional methods but failed to improve. Following the operation by releasing the sixth extensor compartment, the pain was completely relieved. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score was remarkably improved and there was no limitation in daily living activities compared with preoperative status. We presented an uncommon condition of ulnar-sided wrist pain caused by bilateral accessory extensor carpi ulnaris which was successfully treated by releasing the extensor compartmental sheath without tendon resection.
Endoscopic Endonasal Transodontoid Treatment of a Ruptured Anterior Spinal Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Kulubya Edwin S. , Karnati Tejas , Thaci Bart , Cua David , Duong Huy
Published: June 2022

Isolated spinal artery aneurysms are a rare cause of intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A 49-year-old female presented with severe headache. Initial imaging showed SAH and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), but no clear source of bleeding was identified. One week into being observed in the intensive care unit, she reported another severe headache. Computed tomography head showed more SAH and IVH. A second angiogram revealed a ruptured small anterior spinal artery (ASA) aneurysm at the craniocervical junction. She underwent a C1–2 fusion followed by an endoscopic endonasal transodontoid approach and wrapping of the ASA aneurysm. At 2 years' follow-up, there was no sign of aneurysm growth or rerupture. This is the first reported case of an endoscopic endonasal transodontoid approach to an aneurysm.
The importance of the Sustainable Development Goals to students of environmental and sustainability studies—a global survey in 41 countries
Authors: Kleespies Matthias Winfried , Dierkes Paul Wilhelm
Published: June 2022

To fight the global problems of humanity, the United Nations has adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To achieve these goals, it is necessary that future decision-makers and stakeholders in society consider these goals to be important. Therefore, in this study, we examined how important students in 41 countries directly related to the environmental sector rated each of the 17 SDGs. Based on the analysis of these ratings, it was possible to categorize the SDGs into three higher-level factors that reflect the three pillars of sustainability (social, economic, environmental). These three pillars are considered to be of varying importance in different countries. We also correlated the ratings of these higher-level factors with country-specific indicators, such as the Human Development Index. The correlations between the indicators and the higher-level factors revealed that in countries with higher indices, the SDGs are rated as less important compared to in countries with lower indices. These results provide stakeholders with important guidance on how the SDGs should be promoted in their country.
Enhancing the luminescence yield of Cr3+ in
β
-Ga2O3 by proton irradiation
Authors: Peres M. , M. Esteves D. , Teixeira B. M. S. , Zanoni J. , Alves L. C. , Alves E. , Santos L. F. , Biquard X. , Jia Z. , Mu W. , Rodrigues J. , Sobolev N. A. , Correia M. R. , Monteiro T. , Ben Sedrine N. , Lorenz K.
Published: June 2022

In situ ion-beam-induced luminescence measurements reveal a strong enhancement of the Cr3+ emission yield in electrically conductive chromium doped β-Ga2O3 single crystals upon proton irradiation. The observed effect can be explained based on the Fermi-level pinning caused by radiation defects. This pinning of the Fermi level activates deep carrier traps that can act as sensitizers of the Cr3+ emission. In agreement with this model, in semi-insulating samples, where the Fermi level lies deep in the bandgap, the Cr3+ emission is present already in as-grown samples, and no enhancement of its intensity is observed upon proton irradiation. The boost of the Cr3+ emission yield by irradiation, observed in conductive samples, is reversed by thermal annealing in argon at temperatures above 550 °C for 30 s. The results reveal a high potential of Cr-doped β-Ga2O3 for in situ and ex situ optical radiation detection and dosimetry.
Hydrokinetic energy conversion: A global riverine perspective
Authors: Ridgill Michael , Lewis Matt J. , Robins Peter E. , Patil Sopan D. , Neill Simon P.
Published: June 2022

Free-flowing rivers have been impacted by anthropogenic activity and extensive hydropower development. Despite this, many opportunities exist for context-specific energy extraction, at locations deemed undesirable for conventional hydropower plants, in ways that reduce the scale of operation and impact. Hydrokinetic energy conversion is a renewable energy technology that requires accurate resource assessment to support deployment in rivers. We use global-scale modeled river discharge data, combined with a high-resolution vectorized representation of river networks, to estimate channel form, flow velocities, and, hence, global hydrokinetic potential. Our approach is based directly on the transfer of kinetic energy through the river network, rather than conventional, yet less realistic, assessments that are based on conversion from gravitational potential energy. We show that this new approach provides a more accurate global distribution of the hydrokinetic resource, highlighting the importance of the lower-courses of major rivers. The resource is shown to have great potential on the continents of South America, Asia, and Africa. We calculate that the mean hydrokinetic energy of global rivers (excluding Greenland and Antarctica) is 5.911 ± 0.009 PJ (1.642 ± 0.003 TWh).