bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The tectonics and depositional history of the Ordovician and Silurian rocks of Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland
Authors: Arnott R. J. , McKerrow W. S. , Cocks L. R. M.
Published: October 2017

In the Notre Dame Bay region, ophiolitic rocks underlie a thick sequence of Lower Ordovician volcanic-arc rocks to the north of the Lobster Cove – Chanceport Fault. Neither this fault nor the Lukes Arm – Sops Head Fault shows evidence of very large strike-slip movements, as parts of the same arc, together with much arc-derived detritus, straddle both faults. Towards the east, this arc-derived detritus becomes more distal in aspect and passes laterally into the Dunnage Mélange. During the Middle Ordovician Epoch (late Llandeilo and early Caradoc), most areas show a marked decrease in volcanic activity and in the amount of coarse detritus deposited. Coarse turbidites reappear, at different times in different areas, during the Late Ordovician. These are related to several fault-bounded basins and to movements on the Lukes Arm – Sops Head Fault. Many of these faults, particularly in the east, are marked by olistostromes, several of which can be dated by fossils as Late Ordovician and Early Silurian. The whole region, between the Reach Fault on the east and the Baie Verte – Brompton Line on the west, has a stratigraphic unity. If it has been moved by strike slip relative to the Long Range, then any such fault must lie to the west of the Baie Verte – Brompton Line. The interpretation of an Early Ordovician island arc moving above an easterly directed subduction zone is in accord with both the geochemical and palaeontological evidence. The Notre Dame Bay region may have been converted into a transform-dominated margin in the Late Ordovician and Early Silurian in a manner analogous to the oblique slip tectonic regimes of the Californian and New Zealand margins during the Tertiary, with a precursor of the Reach Fault marking the edge of the continent after the Notre Dame island arc had collided with North America.
The geomorphic impact of the catastrophic October 1984 flood on the planform of Squamish River, southwestern British Columbia
Authors: Hickin Edward J. , Sichingabula Henry M.
Published: October 2017

Small-format aerial photography of Squamish River just prior to and immediately following the October 1984 flood of record forms the basis of a quantitative evaluation of floodplain erosion and construction during this extreme event. Channel changes in 1984 are compared with those determined from sequential aerial photography at various other times since 1947 and associated with less extreme flooding.Depending on the type of river planform, the degree of channel change during the 1984 flood varied from a relatively minor response to a major reorganization of the channel. Despite its large size, the 1984 flood accomplished little more floodplain modification in the meandering and transitional semibraided reaches than had previous smaller floods of similar duration. In general, greater erosion was accomplished here by relatively small but longer duration flood events. In contrast, in the braided reach the 1984 flood caused floodplain erosion and major reorganization of the channel to an extent previously unrecorded, apparently here exceeding a threshold for channel stability. For all reaches, variation in floodplain erosion among sites was greater than at-a-site variation in erosion related to flood history.
Radiometric dating of a tuff bed in the middle Albian Hulcross Formation at Hudson's Hope, British Columbia
Authors: Yanagi T. , Baadsgaard H. , Stelck C. R. , McDougall I.
Published: October 2017

U–Pb, Rb–Sr, and K–Ar methods were employed to estimate the age of a thin crystal tuff bed in the middle Albian Hulcross Formation at Hudson's Hope, northeastern British Columbia. Ten different gravity fractions of altered biotite define an Rb–Sr isochron that passes through the plotted Rb–Sr data point for cogenetic plagioclase. The biotite–plagioclase isochron yields an age of 102.4 ± 1.0 (2σ × MSWD1/2) Ma (MSWD is mean square weighted deviate) and an initial ratio of 0.71311 ± 0.00030. Different size fractions of clear prismatic zircons define a U–Pb discordia line that intersects the concordia at [Formula: see text] (2σ) Ma. The four heaviest gravity fractions of biotite give a K–Ar age of 106.0 ± 1.8 (2σ) Ma. The most probable age of deposition of the tuff bed is estimated to be very close to or a little more than 102 Ma, but does not exceed 106 Ma.
Crustal structure of the Canadian polar margin: results of the 1985 seismic refraction survey
Authors: Asudeh I. , Forsyth D. A. , Stephenson R. , Embry A. , Jackson H. R. , White D.
Published: October 2017

The 1985 refraction survey based on Ice Island covered a northern transition zone along the Canadian polar margin north of Axel Heiberg Island. The refraction survey included a 60 km line along the inner shelf, a 180 km parallel line along the outer shelf, and a 60 km connecting line. Shotpoints offset from the line ends recorded upper mantle observations to a distance of 240 km.Along the inner shelf, the upper 700 m, with an interval velocity of 3.7 km/s, is interpreted as Tertiary–Cretaceous strata. The underlying 4 km thick layer has a starting velocity of 5 km/s and a gradient of 0.2 s−1. It is thought to consist of mainly deformed lower Paleozoic strata capped by upper Paleozoic – Triassic clastics and carbonates and (or) Cretaceous volcanics. Sequentially, the lower unit, with a starting velocity of 5.8 km/s, most likely consists of Proterozoic – lower Paleozoic rocks.Beneath the offshore line, up to 5 km of strata with a starting velocity of 2.2 km/s and a gradient of 0.5 s−1 probably represents Tertiary–Cretaceous elastics. The underlying material with a starting velocity of 4.5 km/s and a gradient of 0.1 s−1 is interpreted as a sedimentary succession of either Cretaceous–Tertiary elastics or upper Paleozoic to Cretaceous strata. Beneath this section, a probable Proterozoic – lower Paleozoic lower crustal layer with a starting velocity of 6.2 km/s extends to about 25 km. Apparent upper mantle velocities in the 8.0–8.2 km/s range are observed.Beneath the transitional onshore–offshore line, a Neogene sedimentary basin is interpreted as being floored by faulted blocks of probably deformed Proterozoic to lower Paleozoic rocks on the landward side and possibly Cretaceous to lower Tertiary rocks on the seaward side.
U–Pb, Pb–Pb, and K–Ar isotopic study and petrography of uraniferous phosphate-bearing rocks in the Thelon Formation, Dubawnt Group, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Miller A. R. , Cumming G. L. , Krstic D.
Published: October 2017

The Thelon Formation, uppermost unit of the Dubawnt Group, overlies a regionally extensive paleoweathered zone developed on a wide range of lithochronological units including formations in the lower Dubawnt Group. Authigenic uraniferous phosphate minerals, fluorapatite and goyazite, cementing Thelon conglomerate–sandstone and filling fractures in the underlying paleoweathered zone, were dated in an attempt to better constrain the age of Thelon sedimentation and diagenesis. The oldest age, 1720 ± 6 Ma, derived from phosphate-cemented sediments, is interpreted as a minimum age for diagenesis and therefore brackets initial Thelon sedimentation between emplacement of fluorite-bearing granites at 1753 Ma and authigenic phosphate cementation at 1720 Ma. Additional ages of 1685 ± 4 and 1647 Ma are interpreted as remobilization or subsequent cementation events. K–Ar ages on illite, 1386 ± 37 and 1266 ± 31 Ma, from the paleoweathered zone and basal conglomerate, respectively, are significantly younger than ages derived from coexisting phosphate. These K–Ar ages record hydrothermal events that may be related to processes associated with unconformity-type uranium mineralization at approximately 1400–1300 Ma.Ages from the Thelon Basin permit geochronologic correlations with the Athabasca and Hornby basins, long correlated on the basis of similarities in sedimentation, stratigraphy, and tectonic setting.
Early Tertiary basalts from the Labrador Sea floor and Davis Strait region
Authors: Clarke D. B. , Cameron B. I. , Muecke G. K. , Bates J. L.
Published: October 2017

Fine- to medium-grained, phyric and aphyric basalt samples from ODP Leg 105, site 647A, in the Labrador Sea show little evidence of alteration. Chemically, these rocks are low-potassium (0.01–0.09 wt.% K2O), olivine- to quartz-normative tholeiites that compare closely with the very depleted terrestrial Paleocene volcanic rocks in the Davis Strait region of Baffin Island and West Greenland. However, differences exist in the Sr–Nd isotope systematics of the two suites; the Labrador Sea samples have ε Nd values (+9.3) indicative of a more depleted source, and are higher in 87Sr/86Sr (0.7040), relative to the Davis Strait basalts (ε Nd +2.54 to +8.97; mean 87Sr/86Sr 0.7034). The higher 87Sr/86Sr in the Labrador Sea samples may reflect seawater exchange despite no petrographic evidence for significant alteration. The Labrador Sea and early Davis Strait basalts may have been derived from a similar depleted mantle source composition; however, the later Davis Strait magmas were generated from a different mantle. None of the Baffin Island, West Greenland, or Labrador Sea samples show unequivocal geochemical evidence for contamination with continental crust.
A tetrapod lower jaw from the Pennsylvanian (Westphalian A) of Nova Scotia
Authors: Godfrey Stephen J. , Holmes Robert B.
Published: October 2017

The left half of a tetrapod lower jaw, from the Parrsboro Formation (Pennsylvanian, Westphalian A) of Nova Scotia, is preserved as a natural mold in a sandstone. Most of the features of this lower mandible are primitive for tetrapods or non-ichthyostegalian tetrapods. Although the presence of an adsymphysial tooth plate in this specimen is regarded as the retention of an osteolepiform feature, the tusk and replacement pit on this dermal bone may be unique to this taxon. The poor preservation of the lower jaws associated with some previously described Paleozoic tetrapods, together with the unique features in other early tetrapod jaws, precludes the reference of this mandible to any known tetrapod taxon.
First U–Pb zircon ages of granitoid plutons from the La Grande greenstone belt, James Bay area, New Quebec
Authors: St. Seymour Karen , Turek Andrew , Doig Ronald , Kumarapeli Stephen , Fogal Robert
Published: October 2017

Zircon ages from three granitoid plutons are the first to be reported from the La Grande greenstone belt. Two of the dated samples are from highly tectonized, early tectonic plutons that at the present level of erosion are just outside the greenstone belt proper. Their zircon ages of ca. 2740 Ma are emplacement ages or alternatively represent the age of maximum deformation of the greenstone belt. The third sample is from a mildly deformed late tectonic pluton within the greenstone belt. Its zircon age of ca. 2670 Ma probably represents the emplacement age. The above dates and the relationships of the dated plutons to the greenstone belt as a whole suggest that the bulk of the volcanism in the La Grande belt is older than 2.7 Ga. This limiting age indicates that the age of the La Grande "supracrustals" is similar to those of the other greenstone belts in the Superior Province.
Lower Ordovician (Ibexian) trilobites from the Tribes Hill Formation, central Mohawk Valley, New York State
Authors: Westrop Stephen R. , Knox Leanne A. , Landing Ed
Published: October 2017

The Early Ordovician Tribes Hill Formation of east-central New York State is a sequence of peritidal to subtidal carbonates and minor shales that rests disconformably on Late Cambrian carbonates and is, in turn, succeeded disconformably by Middle Ordovician strata. More than 800 trilobites from 24 collections are assigned to six species: Bellefontia gyracantha (Raymond), Clelandia parabola (Cleland), Hystricurus ellipticus (Cleland), Hystricurus cf. Hystricurus oculilunatus Ross, Symphysurina convexa (Cleland), and Symphysurina cf. Symphysurina woosteri Ulrich. Two distinct biofacies are present: the Bellefontia Biofacies in subtidal shales with thin, storm-generated bioclastic interbeds, and the Gastropod–rostroconch Biofacies in shallow, carbonate bank lithofacies. The trilobites of the Tribes Hill Formation are assigned to a single, informal biostratigraphic unit, the Clelandia parabola Fauna, which is correlative with trilobite Zone B of the Garden City Formation of Utah and with the Bellefontia franklinense Subzone of the McKenzie Hill Formation of Oklahoma.
A new rorringtoniid trilobite from the Ludlow of Arctic Canada
Authors: Adrain Jonathan M. , Chatterton Brian D. E.
Published: October 2017

The trilobite Goodsiraspis packardi n.gen., n.sp. occurs in rocks belonging to the lower member of the Silurian (Ludlow; Ludfordian) Barlow Inlet Formation at Goodsir Creek, eastern Cornwallis Island, central Canadian Arctic. Although the species resembles members of the Aulacopleuridae, it is considered to be a Silurian representative of the predominantly Ordovician family Rorringtoniidae. Its implications for rorringtoniid classification are discussed, and the classification of aulacopleuroidean trilobites is briefly reviewed.
Postglacial emergence of Ungava Peninsula, and its relationship to glacial history
Authors: Gray James , Lauriol Bernard , Bruneau Denis , Ricard Jean
Published: October 2017

A series of 178 radiocarbon dates, of late glacial and postglacial age, from raised marine terraces on the Hudson Strait, Hudson Bay, and Ungava Bay coasts, permit a new synthesis of deglaciation history, postglacial emergence, and glacio-isostatic recovery of the Ungava Peninsula. Marine limits show three local highs, related to centres of ice loading: east of Hudson Bay; southwest of Ungava Bay, and in western Hudson Strait. Eastward extension of the latter to Cap de Nouvelle-France is attributed to early deglaciation. Emergence curves are presented from sites in (1) Hudson Strait ice-free prior to 9 ka; (2) Hudson Strait; (3) Hudson Bay; and (4) Ungava Bay liberated by Ungava ice between 8 and 6 ka. A sigmoidal pattern for the first group, with slow initial emergence, contrasts markedly with a pattern of rapid deceleration of emergence for the other groups. These differences are attributed to variations in rates of ice sheet unloading, immediately after coastal deglaciation. A stable onshore ice margin kept the northeastern tip of Ungava isostatically depressed, from initial deglaciation until 7 ka, whereas other mainland coasts were only liberated by retreat of the ice margin during a final phase of rapid thinning of the continental ice sheet. Isobases on emergence since 6.5, 5, and 2 ka, derived from marine and glacial lake shoreline data, indicate maximum ice loading centres in eastern Hudson Bay and in central Quebec–Labrador, with an extension northwards towards Ungava Bay. An uplift rate of 14 mm/year since 2 ka for Inukjuak on the Hudson Bay coast is compatible with very high tide gauge values. A downward gradient of 6.5 ka isobases in a northeasterly direction from southeastern Ungava towards present sea level on southern Resolution Island at the mouth of Hudson Strait suggests that Ungava Bay, despite late occupation by glacial ice, was probably not a major loading centre.
Glacial dispersal of rock debris in central Gaspésie, Quebec, Canada
Authors: Charbonneau Rémi , David Peter P.
Published: October 2017

The lithological content of tills in central Gaspésie is evaluated by pebble counting of 231 samples collected in excavation pits and containing 200 pebbles each. The results are used here to establish the pattern of debris dispersal and to infer the glacial history of the area. The dispersal pattern is characterized by well-defined southeasterly (160–170°) and northeasterly (40–60°) trending trains. Half-distance values of glacial transport along the trains range from 5 to 9 km for both directions, suggesting ice flow events of considerable magnitude. The volume of material in the trains represents 1–6 m of glacial erosion of the bedrock. Glacial cirques and short U-shaped valleys, about 100–200 m deep, are incised into the McGerrigle Mountains granite pluton as well as the adjacent metabasalt. The corresponding trains are aligned with these erosional features, indicating that their clast content was derived from those features during an early Alpine Glacier Phase. The southeasterly trending dispersal trains are associated with an invasion of central Gaspésie by the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the Early Wisconsinan, whereas the northeasterly trending trains are associated with a local centre of outflow over Gaspésie during the Late Wisconsinan.
Form and internal structure of active-layer detachment slides, Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Harris Charles , Lewkowicz Antoni G.
Published: October 2017

Three recent shallow landslides over permafrost are described. Slides occur in low- to medium-plasticity clays containing some bands of silts and fine sands. Slope failure results from rapid thaw at the base of the active layer of soil that is ice-rich due to antecedent two-sided freezing. Displaced slide blocks retain their integrity because of hardening of the active layer by cryodesiccation and summer evaporation. Blocks move over a soft basal shear zone a few millimetres to several centimetres thick. Compression in the toe zone of slides is low at sites where runout is possible, but in other locations causes emergent shears and complex folding. Failure histories are varied and range from simple unitary slides to complex sequential failures in which active-layer segments are mobilized progressively higher up the slope. This study demonstrates the importance of active-layer thermal and hydrological regimes, in addition to material properties, in determining the mode of slope failure.
The Erieau Excursion revisited
Authors: Morris W. A. , Carmichael C. M.
Published: October 2017

Paleomagnetic results from two cores collected from the central and eastern basins of Lake Erie contain the same remanence direction shift from positive to negative inclination at a depth of approximately 9 m. Confirmation of the existence of this boundary over a wider extent of Lake Erie may initially appear to support the interpretation of this feature as the record of a geomagnetic excursion: the Erieau Excursion. Many details in the paleomagnetic record of these cores indicate that this feature is not of geomagnetic origin: the lack of synchroneity of this event across the lake; the association of the reversed directions with deformed sediments; the lack of any record of the transitional magnetic field; and the absence of any correlation between the reversed directions from the two cores. In core EK, the apparent magnetic transition is coincident with the stratigraphic boundary between the lacustrine and glaciogenic sediments. The model most compatible with this new paleomagnetic data involves regional deformation of the substrate of Lake Erie by some mechanism prior to 9500 years ago. The most likely mechanism to have produced this regional deformation was subglacial deformation of the underlying sediments.
An egg clutch of Prismatoolithus levis oosp. nov. from the Oldman Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Devil's Coulee, southern Alberta
Authors: Zelenitsky Darla K. , Hills L. V.
Published: October 2017

A clutch of 12 eggs and numerous eggshell fragments recovered from the Oldman Formation at Devil's Coulee, southern Alberta, are described as Prismatoolithus levis oosp.nov. The eggs are elongate with a smooth outer surface and an eggshell structure that is referable to the angustiprismatic morphotype of the dinosauroid-prismatic basic type. The parataxonomy of Prismatoolithus Zhao and Li, 1993, is discussed and a new replacement name Preprismatoolithus is proposed for the junior homonym Prismatoolithus Hirsch, 1994.
Reconstructing the Avalon continent: marginal to inner platform transition in the Cambrian of southern New Brunswick
Authors: Landing Ed
Published: October 2017

A west to east, marginal to inner Avalonian platform transition, comparable to that in southeast Newfoundland and southern Britain, is present in the Cambrian of southern New Brunswick. The Saint John–Caton's Island–Hanford Brook area lay on the marginal platform, and its thick, uppermost Precambrian–lower Lower Cambrian is unconformably overlain by trilobite-bearing, upper Lower Cambrian. An inner platform remnant is preserved in the Cradle Brook outlier 60 km northeast of Saint John. In contrast to the marginal platform sequences, the Cradle Brook outlier has a very thin lower Lower Cambrian and has middle Lower Cambrian strata (Bonavista Group) not present on the marginal platform. The Cradle Brook Lower Cambrian closely resembles inner platform successions in eastern Massachusetts and Trinity and Placentia bays, southeast Newfoundland. A limestone with Camenella baltica Zone fossils on Cradle Brook seems to be the peritidal limestone cap of the subtrilobitic Lower Cambrian known in Avalonian North America (Fosters Point Formation) and England (Home Farm Member).
Contrasting fold styles in a volcano-sedimentary succession
Authors: Cousineau Pierre A. , Marquis Robert
Published: October 2017

Structural analyses of folded volcano-sedimentary basins rely heavily on the identification and use of way-up structures. These structures are more numerous and widespread in sedimentary rocks than in volcanic rocks. Structural models for such basins can therefore be biased by this fact. The Caldwell Group of the Quebec Appalachians is a folded volcano-sedimentary basin bounded bay major faults. It contains locally abundant basalt-rich bands. Near Lac-Etchemin, way-up in basalt flows is determined by pillow shelves that reflect paleohorizontal planes. The strike and dip of these shelf structures were measured and plotted on stereographic projections. Field evidence and the interpretation of stereographic projections indicate that the basalt-rich bands form open folds that plunge gently to the southwest. However, sandstone-rich bands form tight folds with undulating hinge lines (sheath-like). During initial folding, the basalt formed competent bands with limited aerial extent that were fractured by synthetic and antithetic faults rather than folded. The basalt slivers maintained a near-horizontal attitude while adjacent sedimentary rocks were folded and faulted. Further shortening tightened folds in the sediment-rich bands while producing open folds in slivers of basaltic rocks.
Structural evolution and early accretion of the Archean Malartic Composite Block, southern Abitibi greenstone belt, Quebec, Canada
Authors: Desrochers Jean-Philippe , Hubert Claude
Published: October 2017

The Malartic Composite Block of the southern Abitibi belt underwent at least two phases of ductile deformation over a period of 25 Ma during the late Archean. It is divided into seven tectono-stratigraphic domains on the basis of their lithologicai content, structural styles, and geochemical affinities of the volcanic and plutonic rocks. The Malartic Composite Block is bounded to the south by the sedimentary rocks of the Kewagama Group that have been also affected by deformation. The crosscutting relationships between the structural elements, along with precise geochronological data, provide a basis for evaluation of the evolution of the deformation in this part of the southern Abitibi. The D1 tectonic event produced ductile thrust faults and folds in the mafic and ultramafic domains of the Malartic Composite Block. The calc-alkalic rocks of the Val-d'Or Domain (2705 Ma) were erupted on top of these deformed domains, thus establishing the minimum age for D1. The D2 event is divided into three increments that are linked to the same progressive deformation. D2.1 produced northwest-trending folds in the rocks of the Kewagama Group, but did not affect the rocks of the Malartic Composite Block. The age of the youngest detrital zircon in the Kewagama indicates that D2.1 was active after 2687 Ma. D2.2 developed a consistent east–west regional foliation that overprints all the rocks of the area. Radiometric data on related metamorphic minerals indicate an age of 2680 Ma for this event. Locally, S2.2 is modified by Fo2.3 folds of asymmetric Z shape associated with a late dextral transcurrent shearing. A minor D3 event produced small, local conjugate kink folds recording an east–west shortening.
Terrestrial record of rapid mass movements in the Sawtooth Range, Ellesmere Island, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Lewkowicz Antoni G , Hartshorn James
Published: October 2017

Widespread clastic deposits, 80-1800 m long, on the eastern side of the Sawtooth Range are the result of debris flow and slushflow. Small hillslope debris flows (10-103m3), originating on talus slopes at the mountain front and not associated with preexisting gullies, and large channelized debris flows (103-104m3), debouching from basins within the mountains, are comparable morphologically to those in other high-latitude and high-altitude environments. Channelized deposits are often modified by the effects of slushflow and fluvial activity. Provisional lichen growth curves for the area were produced by correlation of thallus size with the enlargement of ice-wedge polygon troughs. Lichenometry and aerial photograph interpretation were used to estimate the age of deposits so that event frequencies and rates of geomorphic work could be calculated. Vertical transport by rapid mass movements during the 20th Century averaged 17 x 103Mg ·m ·a-1·km-2( ± half an order of magnitude), corresponding to a rock denudation rate of 0.05 mm ·a-1for the basins and peaks feeding the east-facing slopes. Channelized debris flow produced more than 70% of this transport. Several of these large flows occurred in each of the three periods of 30-35 years examined, so their recurrence intervals are substantially shorter than values reported from locations in northern Scandinavia and Spitzbergen.
Devonian stromatoporoid fauna of the Bent Horn oilfield, Cameron Island, Northwest Territories
Authors: Stearn Colin W
Published: October 2017

The reservoir reef carbonates at the Bent Horn field have been referred to as the Blue Fiord Formation, but they are younger than the type Blue Fiord of Ellesmere Island. The top of these carbonates, from which the stromatoporoid fauna is here described, is dated by conodonts as of Eifelian age. They are the same unit that has also been called the Unnamed Formation. Fourteen taxa of stromatoporoids, none of them described here as new, are identified from cores. Five species are common to the fauna of the Unnamed Formation of surface exposures on Bathurst and Truro islands. The ranges of the three species from the fauna of the typical Blue Fiord of Emsian age are extended into this Unnamed Formation. A synthesis of the paleontological evidence suggests that the top of the reservoir is basal Eifelian age. The recognition of Pseudoactinodictyon cf.P. stearni and Simplexodictyon vermiforme at Bent Horn suggests paleogeographic connections to the Great Lakes and Yukon stromatoporoid faunas of this age.
Changes in Glycogen and Lactate Levels in Migrating Salmonid Fishes Ascending Experimental "Endless" Fishways
Authors: Connor Anne R. , Elling Carl H. , Black Edgar C. , Collins Gerald B. , Gauley Joseph R. , Trevor-Smith Edward
Published: October 2017

Certain aspects of the performance and biochemistry of adult migrating salmonid fishes were investigated during ascents of 1:16- and 1:8-slope experimental fishways which employed locking devices permitting the simulation of fishways of any length. Fish tested were chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), sockeye salmon (O. nerka) and steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) diverted from their upstream migration on the Columbia river at the Bonneville dam fishways during the summer of 1959. Blood and muscle lactate, and muscle and liver glycogen levels were determined in control fish, and in fish following three types of activity. Records of individual performance were kept.All species were willing to enter and capable of ascending fishways of either slope up to 1000 ft in height under favourable hydraulic conditions. Blood lactate and muscle glycogen determinations revealed the degree of exercise to be moderate even during prolonged ascents. Moderately high ascents (about 100 ft) in the steeper fishway apparently required the expenditure of some muscle glycogen whereas similar ascents in the 1:16 fishway did not. When muscle glycogen was utilized during prolonged ascents the expenditure appeared to be progressive. All species were apparently able to adapt to prolonged ascents of either fishway. Certain fish of each species tended to stop moving of their own volition in both fishways. After a 60-min volitional stop some evidence of recovery from the effects of exercise was observed. Discussion of the above data is presented.
The Development of the Olfactory Apparatus of the Grayling (Thymallus arcticus)
Authors: Watling Harold , Hillemann Howard H.
Published: October 2017

The development and histology of the olfactory apparatus of the grayling (Thymallus arcticus) was studied from its anlage on day 8 through day 60 post-hatching, and also in its adult condition.A correlation exists between length of fish and the number of olfactory lamellae.A provisional interpretation is provided for the origin of the neurilemmal cells surrounding the unmyelinated olfactory fibers.The rhythmic movement of water through the olfactory apparatus coincides with that of external respiration.
Age and Growth of Female Sea Lions in British Columbia
Authors: Spalding D. J.
Published: October 2017

not available
Association of Dimethyl Sulphide with the "Blackberry" Problem in Cod from the Labrador Area
Authors: Sipos J. C. , Ackman R. G.
Published: October 2017

not available
Seasonal Distribution of Cod (Gadus morhua L.) Along the Canadian Atlantic Coast in Relation to Water Temperature
Authors: Jean Yves
Published: October 2017

Seasonal relationships between size, bottom temperature, and distribution of cod are described for the western Gulf of St. Lawrence and Nova Scotia Banks.In summer, in the western Gulf of St. Lawrence, cod are distributed from 35 to 145 m at bottom temperatures from −0° to 6 °C. They are most abundant at about 100 m where the temperature is around 1 °C. In winter they are concentrated in 130–180 m along the western slope of the Laurentian Channel at bottom temperatures from 1° to 3 °C.On the Nova Scotia Banks cod are less abundant than in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. They are found mainly around Banquereau, Middle Ground, and the northern edges of Sable Island Bank. Further to the west cod are replaced by haddock as the dominant species. Nova Scotia Banks cod are found in shallower and warmer waters than Gulf cod, both in summer and winter. In summer they are present from 65 to 110 m at bottom temperatures varying from about 1° to 8 °C. In winter they are taken primarily at 90–135 m at bottom temperatures from 2° to 4 °C.Area and depth distributions of commercial catches reflect the seasonal pattern of cod migrations and distributions demonstrated in surveys and tagging studies.
Some Alternative Premises for Constructing Theoretical Reproduction Curves
Authors: Larkin P. A. , Raleigh R. F. , Wilimovsky N. J.
Published: October 2017

Various types of reproduction curves have found extensive use in management and analysis of fish populations. To these may be added curves based on depensatory processes of mortality. Life-history stages may be considered as successive "stock and recruitment" relationships, the output from one process comprising the input of the next. A variety of reproduction curves can thus be generated by considering differing sequences of compensatory and/or depensatory processes.
The Primary Production of a British Columbia Fjord
Authors: Gilmartin Malvern
Published: October 2017

An annual cycle of primary production was established for a British Columbia fjord. Detailed oceanographic analyses of the total oxygen budget of the fjord provided a biological oxygen budget that was further apportioned into estimations of the gross primary production (24), net primary production (24), and subeuphotic utilization of organic material. The values for 1958–59 were 671, 381, and 290 g C/m2/yr, respectively. Using C14 data, corrected for observed respiration and variations in insolation, 24-hr gross and net primary production estimations of 609 and 455 g C/m2/yr were derived. Over 90% of the year's primary production was attributed to the nannoplankton. The relation between the physical environmental factors of the fjord and primary production is discussed.
Polyphosphate Treatment of Frozen Cod. 2. Effect on Drip, Yield, Lipid Hydrolysis and Protein Extractability in Twice-Frozen Newfoundland Summer Trap and Fall Cod
Authors: MacCallum W. A. , Shieh H. S. , Chalker Dorothy A. , Dyer W. J. , Idler D. R.
Published: October 2017

Thaw-drip from once-frozen fall-caught Newfoundland cod (Gadus morhua L.), thawed after storage at −23 °C for up to [Formula: see text] weeks, was equal to total drip from twice-frozen fish treated with sodium tripolyphosphate between freezings. Treatment of twice-frozen cod before the first freezing only had no effect on reducing total thaw-drip below that from twice-frozen untreated samples and the yield, although higher in the former than in the latter, was no better than that from once-frozen untreated fillets. Yields from twice-frozen fish were improved greatly by dipping prior to the second freezing and by dipping before each freezing. Treatment between freezings gave yields close to 100% of initial fillet weight whereas losses with the untreated once- and twice-frozen product appear close to 7 and 15%, respectively.With summer-caught trap fish, characterized by higher thaw-drip values which were not affected by treatment, yields of twice-frozen cod were improved; however, losses were still about 12% in fish treated between freezings.Treatment of twice-frozen cod from the two sources did not appreciably affect lipid hydrolysis or protein denaturation. However, lipid content and free fatty acid production were significantly higher in the trap fish samples as compared to the fall-caught cod.
Incidence of Ligula intestinalis in Heming Lake Fish
Authors: Lawler G. H.
Published: October 2017

Ligula intestinalis is found in a few species of Heming Lake fish, but occurs principally in the spottail shiner, Notropis hudsonius. A list of possible adult hosts is given. The largest Ligula, 91.4 cm long, was found in a sucker 29.5 cm long. Annual and regional differences in the incidence of Ligula in spottail shiners are noted. It is apparent that at Heming Lake, as in other regions, a large population of aquatic birds is not required to produce a high incidence of Ligula in fish.
A Convenient Technique for Obtaining Pituitary Glands from Fish
Authors: Tsuyuki H. , Schmidt P. J. , Smith M.
Published: October 2017

not available
Amino Acid Composition of Bacteria and Its Possible Relation to Taxonomy
Authors: Smith Michael
Published: October 2017

not available
Productivity and Production: Biomass Ratios of Bivalve and Gastropod Populations in an Eastern Canadian Estuary
Authors: Burke Michael V. , Mann K. H.
Published: October 2017

In a narrow, shallow estuary on the east coast of Canada, the dominant intertidal invertebrates were bivalve and gastropod molluscs. On a sand flat Mya arenaria produced 11.6 g∙m−2∙yr−1 flesh dry weight with a production:biomass ratio of 2.54, whereas Macoma balthica produced 1.93 g∙m−2∙yr−1 with a P:B ratio of 1.53. On a Spartina marsh, Littorina saxatilis produced 3.25 g∙m−2∙yr−1 with a P:B ratio of 4.11. Approximate P:B ratios were applied to biomass figures for four other species to give the following estimates of productivity: Mytilus edulis on Zostera beds 19.7 g∙m−2∙yr−1 flesh dry weight; M. edulis on Spartina beds 3.5 g∙m−2∙yr−1; Nassarius obsoletus 1.15 g∙m−2∙yr−1; Melampus lineatus 1.1 g∙m−2∙yr−1; Lacuna vincta 0.06 g∙m−2∙yr−1. A total production of the molluscs in the estuary is estimated at 4.7% of the production of Spartina and Zostera (all measured in kcal). It is postulated that molluscs are the chief primary consumers in the inlet.
The Helminth Parasites of Embiotocid Fishes. III. A New Species of the Genus Cucullanellus Törnquist, 1931 (Nematoda: Cucullanidae) from the Shiner Perch, Cymatogaster aggregata Gibbons
Authors: Walder Gordon L. , Arai Hisao P.
Published: October 2017

Cucullanellus kanabus sp. nov., parasitic in the intestine of the embiotocid fish, Cymatogaster aggregata Gibbons from Departure Bay, British Columbia is described and illustrated. The main features distinguishing C. kanabus from previously described species in the genus are the arrangement of the caudal papillae in males, the general body shape and various measurements. The species considered referable to Cucullanellus Törnquist 1931 are listed.
Evidence for the Lack of By-Pass Shunting in Teleost Gills
Authors: Cameron James N.
Published: October 2017

Retention of 15 μ diameter tracer-labelled microspheres in the gills was studied in some Alaskan teleosts. Neither adrenaline nor acetylcholine significantly affected the percentage retention, as predicted by earlier reports on by-pass shunts affected by these drugs. Rentention of 50 μ microspheres was nearly complete, even under conditions reported to favor shunting. Histological examination of microsphere-treated gills revealed no accumulation in the reported shunt pathways under any conditions. If the shunts do exist, their significance would seem to be slight.
Indoor-outdoor relationship of SO2 concentrations in a rural and an urban community of Alberta
Authors: Kindzierski Warren B , Sembaluk Scott
Published: October 2017

Passive monitoring techniques were used to measure 7-day average concentrations of SO2 in indooroutdoor air in two Alberta communities, Boyle (population 860) and Sherwood Park (population 42 000). Sampling occurred during a 5-week period in late fall, a time of year when SO2 is less reactive in the outdoor environment. Outdoor levels of SO2 at 12 homes in Boyle (median 4.3 µg/m3, range 3.75.6 µg/m3) were two times lower than those at 13 homes in Sherwood Park (median 9.9 µg/m3, range 8.213 µg/m3). Slightly higher indoor SO2 levels were measured in Sherwood Park homes (median 1.4 µg/m3, range 0.95.2 µg/m3) than in Boyle homes (median 0.5 µg/m3, range 0.22.3 µg/m3). These results are consistent with the characteristics of the two communities involved in this study. Sherwood Park has many more SO2-related emission sources than in Boyle (i.e., increased vehicle traffic and industrial emissions). Indoor and outdoor SO2 levels measured in both communities were [Formula: see text]13 µg/m3. These levels are considered low compared with benchmark levels intended for protection of people: 365 µg/m3 averaged over 24 h (short-term exposure) or 80 µg/m3 averaged over 1 year (long-term exposure). The median indooroutdoor SO2 concentration ratio was 0.13 for both communities.Key words: air quality, indoor, outdoor, passive monitoring, sulphur dioxide.
Greater Vancouver's drinking water treatment program
Authors: Ferguson A Mark D , Neden Douglas G
Published: October 2017

The Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) supplies water to 1.9 million people from three coastal mountain watersheds. Water quality concerns identified include waterborne disease risks associated with Giardia and Cryptosporidium, episodes of elevated turbidity, bacterial regrowth in the distribution system, and corrosive water. To address these concerns, the GVRD has initiated a $300 million capital program to upgrade its treatment capabilities that includes two 1200 ML·d1 ozone and corrosion control facilities, a 1000 ML·d1 filtration plant, and an ongoing program of rechlorination stations and distribution system improvements. This paper provides an overview of the GVRD's drinking water treatment program and related initiatives. These include the decision-making process related to using ozone without filtration, the process selection and selected project delivery method for the Seymour filtration plant, and, lastly, the ongoing secondary disinfection program which includes unidirectional flushing, reservoir exercising, environmental management, and remote data monitoring and data evaluation using a geographical information system application.Key words: water quality, protozoa, ozone, direct filtration, rechlorination, remote monitoring, GIS.
Overview of the remediation process at sites with creosote related contamination in soil, groundwater and river sediment
Authors: Zapf-Gilje Reidar , Patrick Guy C , McLenehan Robert
Published: October 2017

Industrial production and use of creosote dates back to the middle of the 1800s, with the largest production occurring in the first part of the 20th century. In British Columbia, the historical use of creosote for wood treatment and other industrial applications has been large. The characteristics of creosote have led to widespread contamination from spills and leaks at sites where creosote was used. Three such sites are located along the Fraser River within the Fraser River delta. Two of these sites have been subject to provincial remediation orders, as the potential risk to aquatic life in the Fraser River was considered to be high. Several phases of investigation and remediation have taken place over the past three years, with varying rates of progress, influenced by the complexity of the individual groups of responsible persons and by site conditions. The remediation is, to a large extent, completed at two of the sites, and is well underway at the third site. The remediation involved a combination of reduction of contaminant mass through removal of the near surface contaminated soils, in-place management of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination at depth and in the river sediments, and hydraulic control of dissolved and free-phase contamination through pumping from on-site wells. The completed remediation works will allow for continued industrial and (or) commercial use of the site, and provide long-term protection of the Fraser River and its aquatic habitat. The measures implemented are expected to satisfy the provincial Waste Management Act and the Contaminated Sites Regulation for protection of human health and the environment, as well as the federal provisions under the Canadian Fisheries Act for controlling release of deleterious substances and for providing adequate foreshore fish habitat.Key words: coaltar, containment, contaminated site, creosote, hydraulic control, interception, regulatory process, risk-based remediation, river sediments.
The impact of the ovarian microenvironment on the anti-tumor effect of SPARC on ovarian cancer1This article is part of Special Issue entitled Asilomar Chromatin and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process.
Authors: Greenaway James B. , Koehler Anne , McCulloch Christopher A. , Petrik James , Brown Theodore J. , Ringuette Maurice J.
Published: October 2017

A lack of host-derived SPARC promotes disease progression in an intraperitoneal (IP) ID8 mouse model of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Since orthotopic injection (OT) of ID8 cells better recapitulates high-grade serous cancer, we examined the impact of host-derived SPARC following OT injection. Sparc−/−and wild-type (WT) mice were injected with ID8 cells either OT or IP and tumors were analyzed at the moribund stage. Sparc−/−mice had reduced survival and fewer well-defined abdominal lesions compared with WT controls after IP injection, whereas no differences were observed in survival or abdominal lesions between Sparc−/−and WT mice after OT injection. No differences in mass or collagen content were observed in ovarian tumors between OT-injected Sparc−/−and WT mice. The abdominal wall of the IP-injected Sparc−/−mice exhibited immature and less abundant collagen fibrils compared with WT mice both in injected and non-injected controls. In contrast to human EOC, SPARC was expressed by the tumor cells but was absent in reactive stroma of WT mice. Exposure to the ovarian microenvironment through OT injections alters the metastatic behaviour of ID8 cells, which is not affected by the absence of host-derived SPARC.
Simulation of the shapes of a water droplet on insulated solid surface in an ACelectric field
Authors: Moukengué A , Essiane S Ndjakomo , Beroual A
Published: October 2017

This paper presents an analytical study of the deformation of water droplets under AC electric stress. The droplet was located on a dielectric smooth solid surface between two plate electrodes. A mathematical model was developed as a basic framework for conducting a simulation of an axial-asymmetric elongation of a water droplet with a given volume. The model, which has three-dimensional axial-asymmetric droplet shapes, was elaborated by computing simultaneously two different halves of the axial-symmetric droplet shape. In that mathematical model and in the corresponding approach, the droplet deformation depends on a number of parameters; these include the volume of the droplet, its viscosity, conductivity, and permittivity, as well as the material of the dielectric surface used, the droplet location between both electrodes, and the dielectric surface. PACS Nos.:47.55.D–, 47.65.–d, 47.11.–j
Marangoni convection in an ewline Oldroyd-B fluid layer with ewline throughflow
Authors: Saravanan S
Published: October 2017

The onset of Marangoni convection in a horizontal Oldroyd-B fluid layer in the presence of a vertical throughflow is determined by linear analysis. We find an approximate solution to the corresponding eigenvalue problem using the Galerkin method. The effects of viscoelastic parameters on the critical Marangoni number, wave number, and frequency are discussed. The study also reveals the existence of a critical retardation time for which the oscillatory motion reaches its maximum strength. This study has possible implications in microgravity situations. PACS No.: 47.20.Gv
Modélisation classique de champs de forces d’interactions additives dans les agrégats de type X+ Arn, (X = Li et K); mécanisme de croissance
Authors: Salem F Ben , Taarit F , Hadj Rhouma M Ben El , Lakhdar Z Ben
Published: October 2017

The structure and stability of the Li+Arn and K+Arn clusters are studied using pair additive potentials adapted to reproduce the ab initio calculations that we estimate as the most accurate for the Li+Ar, K+Ar, and Ar–Ar dimers. The exploration of the potential energy surfaces of the Li+Arn and K+Arn systems was carried out with Wales’ method, which includes Monte-Carlo and deformation methods. From a structural point of view, one identifies a construction mechanism in very good agreement with the interpretation of the mass spectrum done by Velegrakis, including a difference for the n = 10 case. The study of the relative stability of these structures yields magic numbers for n = 8, 10, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 30, 32, and 34, which are in good agreement with the experiment. [Journal translation]
Physics of particle collisions at high energies: Limits to phenomenology, Part 2
Authors: Sau G , Biswas S K , De B , Guptaroy P , Bhattacharya A , Bhattacharyya S
Published: October 2017

Our focus in this work would be concentrated on trying to understand the nature of some very important observables measured for deuteron–gold (d + Au) collisions at relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) energies in the light of a particular phenomenological model that we had applied earlier in analyzing data for PP collisions at RHIC and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) energies with a fair degree of success. In this particular case, as well, our observations and conclusions are exactly similar to those in our previous work. The emphatic ending points, on the whole, to some gross limitations of the chosen phenomenological approach in particular and of the phenomenology as such in general.PACS Nos.: 13.60.Hb, 13.60.Le, 13.60.Rj, 13.85.Ni