bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomedical aspects of problems safe usage of transport maglev
Authors: Rubinskiy Artemiy V , Noskin Leonid A
Published: March 2018

Among the external physical factors that require attention during the process of projecting maglev transport, the key factor is the protection of staff and passengers from electromagnetic fields and mechanical accelerations that can cause extreme states in biochemical and physiological systems of living organisms. Objective: creation of tools, methods and recommendation systems, allowing to objectify the assessment of collective and individual security of the human beings being under the influence of maglev transport; assess the maximum allowable parameters. Methods: The most efficient way to achieve this goal is to use the methodology of polysystemic predictive diagnostics that allows to dynamically track in the degree of balance in regulative system of homeostasis which is a determining factor of individual adaptogenesis. In accordance with the laws of biomechanics, biomagnetism and stress theory, the impact of these adverse factors is causing resistive and adaptive restoration physiological responses at the same time, which subsequently, with the continuation of action and increase of dose and load, modify and lead to extreme and critical (pathological) states in human organism. From the literature on Biomagnetism, it follows that even weak magnetic fields can provide highly efficient action, and after organism being exposed to inductive magnetic fields of various intensity one-sided physiological shifts were observed. Organism's reactions to acceleration show similar behavior. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the study will specify hygiene requirements in absolute values and duration of adverse factors on the railways. Exceeding the exposure dose exposure on these indicators can cause irreversible negative condition of the body. However, due to the emergence of a fundamentally new transport technology, existing concepts require refinement and updating.
High temperature limit for ceramics on the copper for transport systems based on magnetic levitation
Authors: Syromyatnikov Alexandr G
Published: March 2018

The article talked about the properties of high-temperature ceramics to copper for transport systems on a magnetolevitation basis. Introduction: On the method of secondary quantization in the diagram technique [1] for the four Fermion interaction with potential with a solid core of [2-3] considered the phase transition at high temperatures. Summation of diagrams of perturbation theory was in its most general form. The transition to the high temperature limit is produced directly in the main equation of superconductivity for the energy gap, which causes this equation to a linear integral equation. Most solved exactly. Twice the value of core wired with lattice parameter for the number of compounds on copper. Shows the results of applying this approach in various critical temperatures. Objective: Development of the theory of high-temperature ceramics to copper for transport systems on a magnetolevitation basis. Method: In order to achieve this goal have been used the method in the diagram technique [1] for the four Fermion interaction with potential with a solid core of [2-3]. Twice the value of core wired with lattice parameter for the number of compounds on copper. Lattice parameters, etc. taken from the book [4]. The transition to the high temperature limit is produced directly in the main equation of superconductivity for the energy gap, which causes this equation to a linear integral equation. Most solved exactly. Definition of energy formation benefit this condensate is produced by calculating the correlative thermodynamic potential. Results: 1. the exact solution is obtained for the basic equation of superconductivity for energy gap in high temperature limit in volume, distributed (focused) on a sphere with some radius which is in back proportional to the critical temperature; the calculation of correlation for thermodynamic potential showed energy advantage formation such a condensate; 2. the exact solution of the basic equation of superconductivity for energy gap allows a whole series of further decisions with less in an integer times temperatures as in table 18 in book [4]; 3. presents the results of detailed calculation of parameters for four types of high-temperature ceramics on copper at different critical temperatures; the effective interaction coupling ge has order of the Fermi weak interactions coupling in three orders of magnitude weaker than the electromagnetic one. Conclusion: As a result of the research was developed the theory of high-temperature ceramics to copper for transport systems on a magnetolevitation basis. Superconducting condensate is localized at the surface of spheres of a discrete radius which is in inversely proportional to the critical temperature. Found that the pit depth ratio U = ge/Re to the critical temperature is incorporated in all cases to a constant value equal to 0.880 within allowable dispersion of 0.11.
Cooling the high-temperature superconductor materials magnitolevitatsionnyh systems
Authors: Antonov Yury F , Krasnov Anton S , Zimenkova Tatiana S
Published: March 2018

One of the most pressing problems of modern transport systems in terms of volume growth and improve the quality of freight and passenger traffic in the world of today are increasing the traffic speed and decrease energy costs associated with these services. These problems can be solved through the introduction of high-speed, in particular maglev transport systems. This article provides a description and possible applications of cooling superconducting materials in the development of promising structures maglev transport systems. The relevance of the research world experience in the use of high-temperature superconducting materials using maglev technologies in various fields of science and technology. The purpose of this article is to summarize the currently existing cooling systems of tendencies of development of low-temperature and high-temperature superconducting devices. Identify the key strategic directions of development of technologies in this field, as well as the generalization of performance characteristics of systems with low and high temperature superconducting devices. Results: In this article of the used analytical methods. The results obtained in the course of the research, will create the basis for further research in the field of manufacture of superconducting materials and in the development of high-performance cooling systems. The practical significance of the results is the significant simplification of further research in the field of superconducting technology and focus on the most important unsolved problems in this area. Conclusions: The article deals with current issues of application systems cryostatting LTS and HTS systems using high-temperature superconductors. The existing to date design of cooling systems, as well as highlights of the promising directions of development of this area.
Maglev: as a new stage of high-speed transport development
Authors: Aksenov N A
Published: March 2018

The article critically examines the domestic experience in developing a high-speed highway project between Moscow and Kazan as an example of implementing the risks of a large-scale railway project. The project of construction of a cargo magnetolevitational highway (GMLM) is considered taking into account the experience of the BCM Moscow-Kazan project. Introduction: The article analyzes the progress in the implementation of the high-speed highway project and identifies the problems that have arisen. Examples of the difficulties encountered in the implementation of transport with the use of magnetic levitation in the USSR are given. The work of the construction project of the cargo magnetolevitational highway on the basis of which the network schedule of the project's work should be built is described. The evaluation of the characteristics of the project according to various classification characteristics. Goal: Substantiation of the need to develop a network schedule for the construction of a cargo magnetolevitational highway in the section between the Baltic Sea ports and cargo terminals in Moscow. Method: Analytical evaluation of the implemented and ongoing projects, as well as the proposed construction project of the GMLM. Results: The characteristics of the project for various classifications and the allocation of work will simplify the further procedure for creating the project's hierarchical structure of works (ISR), as well as estimating the cost of the project as a whole. Conclusions: Creation of the project work schedule allows: to determine the sequence of operations of the project; Estimate the cost of individual project activities, followed by a general assessment of the project; To reveal the reserves of time; identify the critical path of the project.
Influence of development of market of freight cars operation upon operation efficiency indexes of railway transport
Authors: Egorov Yuriy Vladimirovich , Kazanskaya Liliya Faatovna , Saks Nadezhda Vyacheslavovna
Published: March 2018

Purpose. The article is devoted to estimation of influence of process of development of market of freight cars operation upon operation efficiency indexes of Russia’s railway transport. The existing qualified viewpoints on this issue have been considered. Methodology. For quantitative evaluation, the authors have used comparative analysis methods and econometric modeling based on JSC “RZD” and Federal State Statistics Service data of the period from 2003 till 2016. Results. According to the results of econometric modeling, it has been found out that statistically important influence of development of freight cars operation market upon indexes of operation efficiency of Russia’s railway transport is present only in one part of variable - “amount of deliveries, performed within normative (stipulated) period”. At the same time, indexes of operation efficiency of Russia’s railway transport demonstrate negative dynamics only from 2003 till 2009-12; from then on, most of these indexes have been showing sustainable positive tendency, having recovered from initial negative shock. This kind of shock might be a reaction to change of level of market development of freight cars operation in Russia, but this does not apply to all indexes of operation efficiency of JSC “RZD”.
Materials and technology for fabricating mechanical connectors by cold plastic deformation
Authors: Kogan Yakov D , Bogdanova Natal'ya V
Published: March 2018

Formulation of the problem. Choice of materials and technologies for fabrication mechanical attached fittings (MAF) performed by cold plastic deformation. Method. Theoretical analysis based on mechanical properties fitting and tubing materials. Springback tubing materials shall exceed springback tubing materials. Results. Describes recommendations for materials of contact connections, formed with various methods of plastic deformation.
Determination of Inductance of Vehicle Electromagnet in Magnetic Levitation Transprort System
Authors: Sereda Gennady E , Strepetov Vladimir M
Published: March 2018

Objective. Of the work consists in receiving new analytic expressions for determination of inductance of vehicular electromagnets of transport levitation systems. Methods. The key feature of calculation model of onboard coils in accordance with their inductance on the example of squared electromagnets lies an assumption about a smallness of the size «heights» in comparison with its other geometrical sizes. There is also an assumption that thickness of a skin layer of the conductor significantly surpasses cross sectional size of the wire making the coil. The single-turn coil is considered, inductance of an actual electromagnet is accepted proportional to a square of the number of turns. When calculating inductance the dimensionless quantities are used. As an absolute, a quarter of perimeter of the coil on the centerline is chosen. The condition of obtaining the approximate formula for calculation of inductance of the flat rectangular coil is the small thickness of a winding in comparison with the geometrical sizes of the coil. Results. Accurate analytical expression for inductance of a «thin» source of squareshaped magnetic field as the algebraic sum of elementary functions has been received. Results of a numerical analysis show dependence of the relative inductance of the square-shaped flat coil on thickness relation to its minimum size. Influence of «elongation» of the coil (relation of length to width) is investigated. It is noted that inductance decreases with decrease of «elongation», and also with increase in the relation of thickness to the minimum size. Practical importance. The approximate formula for calculation of value of inductance has been obtained. Its uncertainty does not exceed 14 % in the areas of changes of all geometrical parameters of an electromagnet is output. Borders of practical application of the received analytic expressions at the accepted assumptions have been set. The received expressions are fairly simple structurally and are easily programmed
Nörofibromatozis Tip1 Hastalarında Telomeraz Aktivitesi
Authors: Küpeli Serhan
Published: March 2018

Çeşitli kanser türlerinde yapılan çalışmalarda kısa telomer uzunluğu ve düşük telomeraz aktivitesinin bazı kanser tiplerinde koruyucu etkisi olduğundan bahsedilmektedir. Nörofibromatozis Tip-1 (NF1) hastalarının bazı kanser türleri için yüksek risk altında olduğu bilinmektedir. Beyin tümörleri, malign periferik sinir kılıfı tümörleri, optik gliom, yumuşak doku sarkomları gibi malign tümörler ve nörofibromlar ve hamartomlar gibi benign olanlar bunlar arasında sayılabilir. İlginç olarak NF1 hastalarında ortaya çıkan kanserlerde prognoz genel olarak aynı tanılı NF1 olmayan hastalara göre daha iyi olmakta ve sağkalım daha uzun olmaktadır. Bu derlemede NF1 hastalarındaki telomeraz aktivitesinin gelişebilecek kanserlerle olan ilişkisi literatür bilgileri ışığında irdelenmiştir. NF1 hastalarında benign veya malign tümör gelişimi açısından telomeraz aktivitesi ölçümü tümör belirleyici işlevi görebilir.
Postpartum Psikoz
Authors: Demirkol Mehmet Emin , Kızıltoprak Ayşegül , Şenbayram Şilan
Published: March 2018

Birçok kadın, gebelik ve postpartum dönemde karşı konulamaz bir şekilde beklenti, heyecan, mutlulukla birlikte anksiyete, öfke, üzüntü gibi oldukça geniş bir duygulanım ağına sahiptir. Postpartum dönem kadınları birçok psikiyatrik hastalığa yatkın  hale getirir. Postpartum psikoz, erken ve hızlı başlangıç gösteren, derin bir duygusal karışıklığın, sanrısal inançların, ani ruhsal değişimlerin ve işlevsellikte belirgin bir bozulmanın görüldüğü psikiyatrik acillerden biridir. Görülme sıklığı 1000 doğumda 1-2 arasındadır. Genellikle doğumu takiben 2-4 haftada ortaya çıksa da , doğumu takiben 2-3 gün içerisinde de bulgular başlayabilir. Bu derlemede postpartum dönemde görülen psikotik süreç hakkında makaleler gözden geçirilerek, sıklığı, etyolojisi, klinik özellikleri, tedavi seçenekleri ve prognozu hakkındaki veriler karşılaştırılmıştır.
NAKİT BULUNDURMA POLİTİKASI DİNAMİKLERİ: BIST TEKSTİL ENDEKSİ FİRMALARI ÜZERİNE STATİK VE DİNAMİK PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ
Authors: TOPALOĞLU Emre Esat
Published: March 2018

Türkiye ihracatının lokomotifi konumunda olan
Tekstil Sektörü, ihracat gelirinin önemli bir kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Sektörün
esnek yapısı, kalitesi ve uluslararası piyasalara yakınlığı gibi üstünlükleri
doğrultusunda Türkiye, sektörde önemli küresel aktörlerden biridir. Sektörün
uzun vadede mali açıdan güçlü olabilmesi hem dış ticaret hem de ülke ekonomisi
açısından önem arz etmektedir. Dolayısıyla, sektörde faaliyet gösteren firmalar
açısından nakit bulundurma politikaları hayati öneme sahiptir. Çalışmada,
1998-2016 döneminde Borsa İstanbul Tekstil Deri Endeksi’nde hisse senetleri işlem gören firmaların nakit
bulundurma politikalarını etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Nakit
bulundurma politikasını etkilediği varsayılan; duran varlık yatırımı, firma
büyüklüğü, finansal kaldıraç, borcun vade yapısı, likidite, büyüme fırsatı ve
özsermaye karlılığı ile nakit bulundurma düzeyi arasındaki ilişki, statik ve
dinamik panel veri analizleri kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Araştırma
neticesinde, nakit bulundurma düzeyi ile likidite, finansal kaldıraç ve duran
varlık yatırımı arasında anlamlı ve negatif ilişki belirlenirken; özsermaye
karlılığı ile pozitif ilişki belirlenmiştir. Buna karşın, firma büyüklüğü,
borcun vade yapısı ve büyüme fırsatı ile nakit bulundurma düzeyi arasında
herhangi bir ilişki tespit edilmemiştir.
A clinical study on paediatric aero digestive foreign body in emergency department
Authors: D. K. Selvam , J. Nirmal Kumar , S. Anjan Kumar , P. S. Nagarajan
Published: March 2018

Background: Foreign body ingestion and aspiration is a common clinical condition among the paediatric population. The management of the aero digestive foreign body requires clinical acumen, coupled with the radiological diagnosis and the necessary infrastructure for their management, it demands skill and expertise for removal of a foreign body.

Methods: A retrospective study was carried in the department of Otorhinolaryngology, between December 2016- May 2017, at Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Madras Medical College. 68 cases were analysis of the nature of the foreign body was done. All the patients reported to the emergency department and the ENT surgeon opinion sought with aim of maintaining airway. Clinical assessment, with history, radiographs were obtained to ascertain level and nature of the foreign body and prompt removal by oesophagoscopy/bronchoscopy/direct laryngoscopy under general anaesthesia.  

Results: The study of 68 children who reported with history /suspicion of foreign body ingestion/aspiration. There were 32 boys and 36 females, 37 cases of foreign body ingestion and 31 cases of foreign body aspiration. The most common foreign body in digestive tract was coin in 26 cases and peanut in the airway.

Conclusions: Foreign bodies in aero digestive tract in paediatric age group, is a common problem encountered by the otorhinolaryngologist. Careful assessment, clinical evaluation, radiological investigations with effective management in emergency department prompt removal of the foreign body in the aero digestive tract will lead to reduced mortality and morbidity.
Цифровая экономика как институциональная среда трансакционных издержек участников российского рынка жилья
Authors: Сыроваткина Татьяна Николаевна , Федорова Ольга Ивановна
Published: March 2018

В статье поставлена цель описать влияние информационно-коммуникационных технологий на трансакционные издержки и поведение агентов рынка недвижимости.
Актуальность поставленной проблемы определяется активной позицией российского государства, представителей бизнеса, домашних хозяйств в вопросах перехода к цифровой экономике. Уже на данном этапе заметны достигнутые успехи применения электронных технологий в ключевых отраслях экономики, в том числе и в строительстве, и сопряженном с ним рынке недвижимости. Однако проблема обеспечения населения качественным жильем все еще остается нерешенной. Основная причина этого - сохраняющаяся высокая стоимость «квадратных метров», которая, среди прочего, объясняется значительным уровнем трансакционных издержек для всех участников рынка.
Применение в работе инстиционального подхода позволило выявить влияние цифровой экономики на изменение институциональной среды рынка жилья, а также определить новые возможности экономики в решении проблемы минимизации трансакционных издержек на исследуемом рынке.
Интегральная оценка инновационного развития предприятия как основа принятия управленческих решений
Authors: Яшин Сергей Николаевич , Амбарцумян Артур Эдуардович , Лапшина Екатерина Николаевна
Published: March 2018

В статье рассмотрена роль экономического анализа инновационной деятельности в формировании объективной оценки результатов деятельности и разработке стратегии развития организации. Предложенный в статье метод оценки инновационного развития предприятия, позволяет определять рейтинг данного предприятия в отраслевой группе компаний по достигнутому ими уровню инновационного развития. Метод базируется на ретроспективном анализе стандартизированных группируемых нормированных показателей и дает возможность объективно и уверенно обосновать принятие управленческого решения в сфере инноваций.
Seasonal Determination and Investigation of Disinfection by Product Formation Potentials (DBPFPs) of Surface Waters, İstanbul Ömerli and Büyükçekmece Case Study
Authors: AVŞAR Edip , TORÖZ İsmail
Published: March 2018

All
surface and ground waters include natural organic matter (NOM). During the
disinfection NOM reacts with chlorine and forms various types of halogenated
disinfection by-products (DBPs). There are lots of study in the literature
about these possible carcinogenic effects on human. Trihalomethanes (THMs) and
haloacetic acids (HAAs) are the most widely known and most produced DBPs. But
there lots of different types of DBPs occurred after the disinfection and
sometimes absorbable organic halogens (AOX) measurement can be used for
determining the total amount of DBPs. In this study raw water samples were
taken from Büyükçekmece (BC) and Ömerli (OM) surface water sources in the
seasonal basis. At the first stage water quality parameters were analysed and
then samples were chlorinated. After 7 days reaction period THMs, HAAs,
haloasetonitrilles (HANs), chloral hydrate (CH), chloropicrin (CP) and AOX
measurements were conducted and according to these results undefined DBPs
percentage of AOX was calculated. In terms of OM and BC raw water undefined
portion of AOX was averagely calculated as 59.4% and 58% respectively.
Increasing of Strength of FDM (FFF) 3D Printed Parts by Influencing on Temperature-Related Parameters of the Process
Authors: Kuznetsov Vladimir E. , Solonin Alexey N. , Tavitov Azamat G. , Urzhumtsev Oleg D. , Vakulik Anna H.
Published: March 2018

Current work investigates how user-controlled parameters of 3D printing process define temperature conditions on the boundary between layers of the part being fabricated and how these conditions influence structure and strength of the part. The process studied is fused filament fabrication with a desktop 3D printer and the material utilized is PLA (polylactic acid). As a characteristic of the part strength the fracture load in the case of a three-point bend and calculated related stress were used. During the printing process parts were oriented the long side along the Z axis, thus, in the bend tests, the maximum stress occurred orthogonally to the layers. During the fabrication process temperature distribution on the samples surface was monitored with thermal imager. Sample mesostructure was analyzed using SEM. The influence of the extrusion temperature, the intensity of part cooling, the printing speed and the time between printing individual layers were considered. The influence of all the parameters can be expressed through two generalizing factors: the temperature of the previous layer and the flow efficiency, determining the ratio of the amount of extruded plastic to the calculated. A regression model was proposed that describes the effect of the two factors on the printed part strength. Along with interlayer bonding strength, these two factors determine the formation of the part mesostructure (the geometry of the boundaries between individual threads). It is shown that the optimization of the process parameters responsible for temperature conditions makes it possible to approximate the strength of the interlayer cohesion to the bulk material strength.
Effect of Storage Temperature on Physicochemical Quality Attributes of Fresh Bombay Red Onion Bulb (Allium cepal L.)    
Authors: Abate Ayalew
Published: March 2018

Onion (Allium cepal L.) is a major commercial vegetable crop grown in almost all parts of the world. In Ethiopian the postharvest loss of onion bulb crop was estimated to be 50% during the production season. So to reduce this postharvest loss of onion bulb determining and employing appropriate storage conditions play an important role. Appropriate storage condition reduces the physiological quality which intern reduces the physicochemical and phytochemical properties of onion. In this study physicochemical and phytochemical properties of onion bulb were investigated under different storage temperature. Onion bulbs were stored at three different temperatures the following quality attributes of onion bulb like glucosidase content, pyruvic acid, flavonoid, dry matter and sugar content were determined for storage period of six months. Quality deterioration of onion bulb was higher at storage temperature of 25 °C while storage temperature 5 °C was found an ideal condition with keeping the quality of onion bulb acceptable. In all the three storage temperatures sugar content show pyruvic acid, glucosidase and sugar content show irregular pattern. Bombay red onion bulb was stored for six months without significant change of quality attributes of onion bulb at storage temperature of 5 °C.
Hydrophilic Self-Replenishing Coatings with Long-Term Water Stability for Anti-Fouling Applications
Authors: Jiménez-Pardo Isabel , van der Ven Leendert G.J. , van Benthem Rolf A.T.M. , de With Gijsbertus , Esteves A. Catarina C.
Published: March 2018

Hydrophilic coatings have recently emerged as a new approach to avoid the adhesion of (bio)organisms on surfaces immersed in water. In these coatings the hydrophilic character is crucial for the anti-fouling (AF) performance. However, this property can be rapidly lost due to the inevitable damages which occur at the surface, reducing the long-term effectiveness of the AF functionality. We report hydrophilic polycarbonate-mPEG polyurethane coatings with tunable hydrophilic properties as well as an excellent and long-term stability in water. The coatings exhibit low protein adhesion values and are able to self-replenish their hydrophilicity after damage, due to the existence of a reservoir of hydrophilic dangling chains incorporated in the bulk. The combination of low Tg and sufficient mobility of the mPEG dangling chains (enabled by chains with higher molecular weight) proved to be crucial to ensure autonomous surface hydrophilicity recovery when the coatings were immersed in water. This coatings and design approach offer new possibilities towards high performance AF coatings with an extended service life-time which can be used in several major applications areas, such as marine and biomedical coatings, with major economic and environmental benefits.
Investigation of De Speckling Techniques for Echocardiographic Images: A Review
Authors: Ahmad Rehan , Awasthy Mohan
Published: March 2018

Speckle noise corrupt the major part of ultrasound image, because of which the quality deteriorate and loss of valuable information leads to false diagnosis. A large community of images like synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image, Synthetic image, and simulated ultrasound image, require despeckling at pre-processing stage for better processing. Cleaning the speckle from image and preserving the edge details is a vital task. Nowadays not only despeckling is considered as an important process but also preserving information at boundary and edges of image is also important. As most of the algorithms able to remove speckle noise but fails to preserve the details of edges. This paper covers several recent methods for removal of speckle noise along with various metrics opted for comparisons. The distinctive part of this paper is, a mathematical and parametric review has been done. Also a table is also included which summarizes the entire paper.
Deep Kalman Filter: Simultaneous Multi-Sensor Integration and Modelling; GNSS/IMU Case Study
Authors: Hosseinyalamdary Siavash
Published: March 2018

The Bayes filters, such as Kalman and particle filters, have been used in sensor fusion to integrate two sources of information and obtain the best estimate of the unknowns. Efficient integration of multiple sensors requires deep knowledge of their error sources and it is not trivial for complicated sensors, such as Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). Therefore, IMU error modelling and efficient integration of IMU and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations has remained a challenge. In this paper, we develop deep Kalman filter to model and remove IMU errors and consequently, improve the accuracy of IMU positioning. In other words, we add modelling step to the prediction and update steps of Kalman filter and the IMU error model is learned during integration. Therefore, our deep Kalman filter outperforms Kalman filter and reaches higher accuracy.
Multi-Azimuth Failure Mechanisms in Phosphor-Coated White LEDs by Current Aging Stresses
Authors: Peng Zhangbao , Guo Ziquan , Wu Tingzhu , Zhuang Peng , Shi Yuan , Shih Tien-Mo , Lu Yijun , Kuo Hao-Chung , Chen Zhong
Published: March 2018

We have experimentally analyzed multi-azimuth degradation mechanisms that govern failures of commercially-available high-power (1 Watt) phosphor-coated white (hppc-W) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) covered with peanut-shaped lens under three current-stress aging (CSA) conditions. Comprehensive analyses focus on photometric, chromatic, electrical, thermal, and packaging characteristics. At the packaging level, (a) the decrease of the phosphor-conversion efficiency, (b) the yellow-browning of the optical lens, and (c) the darkening of the silver-coated reflective layer deposited with extraneous chemical elements (e.g., C, O, Si, Mg, and Cu, respectively) contribute collectively to the integral degradation of the optical power. By contrast, Ohmic contacts, thermal properties, and angles of maximum intensity remain unchanged after 3840 h aging in three cases. Particularly at the chip level, the formation of point defects increases the number of non-radiative recombination centers, and thus decreases the optical power during aging stages. Nevertheless, in view of the change of the ideality factor, the dopant activation and the annealing effect facilitate the increase of the optical power in two specific aging stages (192 h∼384 h and 768 h∼1536 h), respectively. This work offers a systematic guidance for the development of reliable LED-based light sources in general-lighting areas.
Development of a Causal Relationship Model of Behavior in Household Disposal of Used Batteries in a Rural Community Banpru Town Municipality, Hatyai District, Songkhla Province
Authors: Pruekparichart Montee , Techato Kuaanan
Published: March 2018

This research aimed to develop a causal relationship model of the behavior of a Thai rural community in disposing of used batteries. The variables studied were 1) the household latent variable (three observable variables); 2) the social latent variable (six observable variables); 3) the intention latent variable (three observable variable); and 4) the behavior latent variable (three observable variables). Six hundred households were surveyed using a questionnaire. The questionnaire developed was validated by seven experts and its reliability was established by testing it with a sample group. Results showed that the modified model do present a good overall level of fit. The House and social positively and directly influenced intention. Intention positively and directly influenced behavior. The theoretical and practical implications relating specifically to intention to the behavior in disposing of used dry batteries by households are emphasized. The modified model indicated eighty-nine percent of the variance in the behavior in disposing of used dry batteries by households was explained by the intention factors. The most direct effect on behavior was the intention factors with 0.89 of effect size. The factors with indirect effects on behavior were household and social factors with an effect size of 0.52 and 0.35.
Role of microRNAs in Renal Parenchymal Diseases—A New Dimension
Authors: Shaffi Saeed Kamran , Galas David , Etheridge Alton , Argyropoulos Christos
Published: March 2018

Since their discovery in 1993, numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in humans and other eukaryotic organisms, and their role as key regulators of gene expression is still being elucidated. It is now known that miRNAs not only play a central role in the processes that ensure normal development and physiology, but they are often dysregulated in various diseases. In this review, we present an overview of the role of miRNAs in normal renal development and physiology, in maladaptive renal repair after injury, and in the pathogenesis of renal parenchymal diseases. In addition, we describe methods used for their detection and their potential as therapeutic targets. Continued research on renal miRNAs will undoubtedly improve our understanding of diseases affecting the kidneys and may also lead to new therapeutic agents.
Cluster Analysis of Long-Period Ground-Motion Simulation Data with Application to Nankai Trough Megathrust Earthquake Scenarios
Authors: Maeda Takahiro , Fujiwara Hiroyuki , Hayakawa Toshihiko , Shimono Satsuki , Akagi Sho ,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan,   Mitsubishi Space Software Co., ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
Published: March 2018

We developed a clustering method combining principal component analysis and the k-means algorithm, which classifies earthquake scenarios based on the similarity of the spatial distribution of earthquake ground-motion simulation data generated for many earthquake scenarios, and applied it to long-period ground-motion simulation data for Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake scenarios. Values for peak ground velocity and relative velocity response at approximately 80,000 locations in 369 earthquake scenarios were represented by 15 principal components each, and earthquake scenarios were categorized into 30 clusters. In addition, based on clustering results, we determined that extracting relationships between principal components and scenario parameters is possible. Furthermore, by utilizing these relationships, it may be possible to easily estimate the approximate ground-motion distribution from the principal components of arbitrary sets of scenario parameters.
Effects of Firefighting Activities Performed by Local Residents to Mitigate Fire Destruction Damage and Human Casualties in Large Earthquakes
Authors: Oki Takuya ,   Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-M1-25, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan, Osaragi Toshihiro
Published: March 2018

Fire-spread prevention activities, which are performed by local residents in an early phase of fire, play an important role in reducing the destruction damage caused by fire in large earthquakes. However, few studies have focused on the fire-spread prevention activities that are carried out in the confused situation immediately following a large earthquake. Therefore, to date, there has been no sufficiently comprehensive discussion regarding the effectiveness of such activities.

In this study, we estimate the possibility that local residents can prevent the spread of fire from the building of fire origin to an adjacent building by using equipment such as stand pipes. For this purpose, we utilize the agent-based simulator of property damage and human behavior at the time of a large earthquake that we developed in an earlier study. In addition, we demonstrate the effects of some measures for increasing the success rate of preventing fire-spread by comparing the simulation results under the following assumptions: (1) The percentage of streets blocked by the rubble of collapsed buildings is decreased, (2) the number of stand pipes is increased, and (3) the time before a fire spreads to an adjacent building is lengthened by planting trees between two buildings or the implementation of flame-retardation measures inside a building. Furthermore, on the basis of the simulation results, we discuss the requirements for successful fire-spread prevention activities by analyzing some factors (structure/area of buildings, time for fire-spread, time before spraying water, etc.) related to the activities.
Development of GIS Integrated Big Data Research Toolbox (BigGIS-RTX) for Mobile CDR Data Processing in Disasters Management
Authors: Lwin Ko Ko ,   Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan, Sekimoto Yoshihide , Takeuchi Wataru
Published: March 2018

This article reports the development of a geographical information system (GIS) embedded text-based geospatial Big Data research toolbox (BigGIS-RTX) designed especially for mobile CDR (Call Details Record) data processing in urban transport planning and disaster management. BigGIS-RTX is a standalone computer program that aims to provide a bridge between geospatial Big Data and end users (i.e. students and researchers) by reducing difficulties in handling geospatial Big Data processing and analysis tasks. This research toolbox makes it possible to handle text-based geospatial Big Data cleaning, formatting, subsetting, and extraction by keywords or structured query language (SQL), CDR data aggregation by base transceiver stations (BTSs), generation of origin–destination (OD) trips, OD matrices, and OD routes, and computation of OD links. Moreover, this research toolbox can be integrated with current commercial GIS software to perform further geospatial analysis functions to improve spatial decision making in urban and transport planning and disaster management. In this report, we discuss two current research outputs using BigGIS-RTX: first, multitemporal grid square population estimation and second, human mobility studies in transportation planning. These research outputs are essential for disaster management and emergency preparedness in terms of providing knowledge and information about population distribution changes over space and time, human mobility flow by a user defined time frame, and travel volume or link count information for individual road segments. This research is part of the core project “Development of a Comprehensive Disaster Resilience System and Collaboration Platform in Myanmar” in a research collaboration between Yangon Technological University, Myanmar, and The University of Tokyo, Japan, sponsored by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).
The importance of the teacher of physical education in the childish development
Authors: Costa Jefferson Martins , Martins Karina Vieira , Nunes Gabriel Pereira , Claudino Guilherme dos Santos
Published: March 2018

With the intent to show the importance to accompany the development psychomotor of the boy from the first stages of life, the present article looks for to emphasize the big relevance is the participation of the teacher of Physical Education in the Childish Education. In this sense the text finds  divided in three stages: the introduce on, which aimed our general and specific aims in relation to the study realized, like this as the authors that evidence the value of this professional in the side dish of boys of 0-5 years of age; the development will highlight the main points of the process of education and learning of the physical education, with the side dish of professional properly enabled in consonance with the polyvalent teacher and also, show the municipalities that already regulated laws that force the presence of such professional and, at last, the final considerations, where we report the failures of the Universities in giving the owed relevance for this area inside the graduation in Pedagogy.Descriptors: Faculty; Physical Education and Training; Child Rearing; Psychomotor Performance.
Avaliação postural de crianças com mielomeningocele: um estudo de revisão
Authors: Mélo Thaynara Monte , Duarte Paulo Henrique Meira , Pereira Hellen Cristina Barbosa , Pereira Natalia de Fátima Meireles , Silva Rielly Maria Cruz da , Maciel Nícia Farias Braga
Published: March 2018

Introdução: A mielomeningocele também conhecida como disrafismo espinhal ou espinha bífida aberta, é um tipo de anomalia congênita do sistema nervoso central, que provoca graves complicações neurológicas e compromete o estado da qualidade de vida da criança. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática acerca da avaliação postural de crianças com mielomeningocele. Material e método: O planejamento para esta revisão sistemática, de categoria específica, foi constituído por artigos ancorados ao setor de saúde e publicados entre os anos de 2007 e 2017. A Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde foi empregue para realizar a coleta das informações acerca da temática e os descritores definidos para a pesquisa foram: mielomeningocele, disrafismo espinhal, postura, fisioterapia e crianças. Resultados: Foi localizada uma soma de 346 estudos com o uso dos descritores já mencionados. Consecutivo a todas as exigências aplicadas, apenas sete artigos foram eleitos para produzir esta revisão. Os dados encontrados são característicos de uma população infantil com perfil de MMC e correspondem a bons resultados por meio do método de avaliação postural, que se fundamenta na inspeção minuciosa das limitações posturais resultantes de irregularidades no corpo. Em vista disso, a maioria dos estudos apresentou o pé torto congênito como traço dominante nos pacientes portadores. Conclusão: Diante dos informes obtidos, foi possível constatar que a avaliação postural em crianças com mielomeningocele pode gerar resultados satisfatórios para o meio acadêmico e para os demais profissionais da área de saúde, de modo especial ao fisioterapeuta, que além de identificar os desníveis existentes no alinhamento corporal, também é capaz de intervir recuperando a mobilidade funcional deficitária dos pacientes.Descritores: Mielomeningocele; Disrafismo Espinhal; Postura; Fisioterapia; Criança.
Levantamento de casos de Hepatite B notificados no estado do Piauí, Brasil, nos anos de 2010 a 2015
Authors: Santos Gleyson Moura dos , Sousa Carolina Rodrigues de Oliveira , Brito Marilene Magalhães de
Published: March 2018

A hepatite B constitui um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo, sendo uma doença infecciosa, viral, universalmente prevalente que pode se desenvolver de forma sintomática ou assintomática. Desta forma, o presente estudo objetivou descrever o perfil epidemiológico e clínico desta patologia no estado do Piauí no período de 2010 a 2015. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de base populacional, utilizando dados secundários de casos autóctones de hepatite B ocorridos entre os anos de 2010 a 2015 no estado do Piauí, registrados no Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação e disponibilizados no site do site do Departamento de Informática do SUS. Foram registrados 218 casos confirmados de hepatite B em residentes do estado do Piauí. Os indivíduos do sexo feminino foram os mais acometidos. A baixa escolaridade foi um fator relevante. A faixa etária mais acometida foi a de 20 a 59 anos. Demonstrou-se que a doença se apresentou com maior frequência em indivíduos de cor parda e residentes em zona urbana. A confirmação dos casos baseada em parâmetros laboratoriais ocorreu para todos os casos. Verificou-se que a forma clínica mais preponderante foi a de hepatite crônica. A fonte de infecção, em sua maioria, foi por relações sexuais. Concluiu-se que fica evidente o potencial de utilização destes dados entre os gestores e profissionais de saúde, podendo auxiliar na monitoração de indicadores específicos de saúde e de educação e na definição de prioridades de intervenção.Descritores: Doenças Transmissíveis; Hepatite Viral Humana; Notificação de Doenças; Saúde Pública.
Teste das microbolhas estáveis no líquido amniótico de recém-nascidos prematuros para predição da maturidade pulmonar
Authors: Da Silva Pereira Márcio , Luz Dayse Caroline Martírios , Rivero Roberto Eduardo Donoso , Alencar Michaella Fernandes , Gómez Silvana Céspedes , Naccha Gloria Liz Becerra , Rensi Ana Maria Viola , Mendes Ana Flávia Moura , Souza Cláudio Marcio Fiorenza de , Amorim Maria Rita Carvalho de Freitas , Amorim Arthur Luiz Carvalho de , Khouri Paulo Brandão Sakr , Druzian Lucas Amaral
Published: March 2018

Introdução À medida que o tratamento profilático ou precoce com surfactante mostrou-se vantajoso nos recém-nascidos prematuros com imaturidade pulmonar renovou-se o interesse na busca de testes diagnósticos nesta área. Objetivo Avaliar o desempenho do TME no aspirado gástrico, na predição da síndrome do desconforto respiratório (SDR) em recém-nascidos prematuros. Material e Método: Foi coletado aspirado gástrico em partos prematuros ocorridos no Hospital Geral Dr. César Cals (HGCC), no período compreendido entre julho de 2015 a julho de 2017 e realizado o TME nesse material. Resultados A idade média dos recém-nascidos foi de foi de 30,02 ± 1,98 semanas e a média do peso e o desvio padrão foi 2019,50 ± 573,2 gramas. Considerando-se importâncias iguais para sensibilidade e especificidade, o corte de melhor desempenho para o TME foi de 9 μb/mm2. Levando em consideração esse ponto de corte, a sensibilidade encontrada foi de 100% (IC 95%: 96 -100) e a especificidade de 90% (IC 95%: 68-99). Conclusão: O TME no aspirado gástrico de prematuros tem alta sensibilidade e especificidade para predizer a SDR. O valor da sensibilidade encontrado neste estudo (100%) foi o maior já relatado na literatura mundial, levando-se em consideração a utilização de apenas um único teste (TME) em diferentes amostras. O TME no aspirado gástrico apresenta um excelente desempenho para predizer a SDR, similar aos demais testes mais sofisticados descritos na literatura, como por exemplo, a contagem de corpos lamelares.Descritores: Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos; Proteínas Associadas a Surfactantes Pulmonares; Líquido Amniótico; Recém-Nascido Prematuro.
Incorporation of the simplified equilibrium temperature approach in a hydrodynamic and water quality model – CE-QUAL-W2
Authors: Zhu Senlin , Du Xinzhong , Luo Wenguang
Published: March 2018

Water temperature is an important indicator for biodiversity and ecosystem sustainability. In this study, a simplified equilibrium temperature model was incorporated into the CE-QUAL-W2 (W2) model. This model is easy to implement, needing fewer meteorological variables and no parameter calibration. The model performance was evaluated using observed data from four stations on the Lower Minnesota River. Results show that the simplified equilibrium temperature model performed as well as the original equilibrium temperature model and the term-by-term process model for water temperature predictions with the values of the coefficient of determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), and Percent Error (PE) in the accepted range (R2 = 0.974, NSE = 0.972, PE = 1.377%). The impact of the water temperature on carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD) concentrations under three different water temperature models was evaluated, and results show that the monthly averaged CBOD concentrations of the simplified equilibrium temperature model were almost the same as that of the term-by-term approach. For all the four calibration stations, the simplified equilibrium temperature approach performs better than the other two models for dissolved oxygen simulation (R2 = 0.791, NSE = 0.65, PE = 7.596%), which indicates that the simplified equilibrium temperature model can be a potential tool to simulate water temperature for water quality modelling.