bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Volume Variations of Bone Tissue after Undergoing Different Physical and Chemical Treatments
Authors: Actis A. B. , Obwegeser J. A. , Rupérez C.
Published: July 2003

Both autogenic and allogenic bone hasbeen employed through different surgical procedures to fill different defects or as osteosynthesis materials. Some physical and/or chemical treatments are usually necessary before its use. Since bone volume is important from a surgical point of view, the present study was designed to analyse its possible variations when subjected to certain procedures. Screws made of bovine cortical bone were autoclaved in different conditions regarding time and vacuum (A1–A2), cryopreserved, demineralised, enzymatically digested and rehydrated. The samples were measured before and after every treatment. Sterilisation caused a volume reduction more marked with method A1 than A2 whereasfreezing allowed to obtain the original size. No volumetric changes were registered after demineralisation and enzymatic digestion. Rehydration significantly increased their volume already during the first hour but the maximum value was reached at 24 h. Thus, autoclaving was the only treatment able to reduce the bone volume whilst freezing and rehydration allowed the samples to return to their original size.
Chinese Urban Planning at Fifty: An Assessment of the Planning Theory Literature
Authors: Tang Wing-Shing
Published: July 2003

This article reviews the literature on urban planning in China. The literature has traditionally viewed urban planning in terms of changing styles over time. It was found wanting both methodologically and theoretically. Methodologically, it has failed to situate the various styles of governmental practices. Theoretically, the socialist state has been uniformly conceptualized as homogeneous and monolithic. This has led to the adoption of a technorational concept of urban planning, which, in turn, has privileged the instrumental nature of urban planning knowledge. Finally, the literature has conveyed the myth that urban planing is a distinctive profession. In conclusion, the article suggests that all the above problems of the literature can be improved by adopting Foucault’s concept of governmentality, which means that urban planning in China must be situated in political rationality and understood as a technology of government.
Planning, Urban Revitalization, and the Inner City: An Exploration of Structural Racism
Authors: Ross Catherine L. , Leigh Nancey Green
Published: July 2003

The almost inextricable weaving together of the issues of race and inner-city revitalization presents a complex and seemingly intractable problem for urban and regional planners, scholars, policymakers, activists, and citizens. This article presents an overview of the dilemma from a city and regional planning perspective. It begins with a brief summary of basic planning theory, followed by a more detailed description of specific theories of revitalization, as well as a discussion of four of the most important forces of structural racism that confront inner cities. The article closes with a discussion of those approaches that have shown some promise and with suggestions for potential new approaches that will promote successful inner-city revitalization and reduce the isolation and deprivation of racial minorities inhabiting America’s cities.
An Annotated Bibliography of Literature Concerning Children and their Knowledge of the Environment
Authors: Terrible Rebecca Sellers
Published: July 2003

This bibliography reviews sources of information on children’s knowledge of, and behavior in, their environment. The author has combined the annotations into five areas to reflect current philosophical and organizational views. The bibliography also contains brief lists of other current works that the author did not review. As a whole, the bibliography represents a general overview of this area of knowledge.
Regulating Beauty: A Review of Recent Law Journal Literature
Authors: Susong Holly , Pearlman Kenneth
Published: July 2003

This bibliography examines periodical literature focusing on the role that aesthetics has played in land use planning and law during the last part of the twentieth century. The bibliography begins by reviewing literature that examines the transformation from regulating aesthetics for health, safety, and welfare purposes to the broadened notion of aesthetics being considered as a valid public purpose in and of itself; ultimately leading to a government’s ability to regulate solely for aesthetic reasons. It then examines literature discussing costs and benefits of enacting ordinances to control the aesthetic quality of an area and discusses literature that argues private efforts, such as conservation easements, will better control aesthetics. Another important topic includes powers granted to governments to regulate cellular towers for aesthetic purposes. The article concludes by reviewing literature discussing the limitations, such as freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and property rights issues, placed on government when controlling aesthetics.
The Influence of Urban Form on Travel: An Interpretive Review
Authors: Crane Randall
Published: July 2003

Can neighborhood design improve traffic? Although a fair question in its own right, several influential planning strategies, including “the new urbanism,”“smart growth,” and the “livability agenda” take the answer more or less for granted. But what do we really know, and how can we improve our knowledge on this key issue? The article first proposes a scheme for categorizing research addressing these and related questions. It then presents a detailed discussion of key studies of urban form and travel behavior. The research strategies employed and the data, methods, and results of these studies are evaluated in detail. The article concludes that although this body of research is improving in several respects and should be encouraged by policy makers and scholars alike, our current understanding of this complex group of relationships remains tentative. The basis for using land use and urban design to selectively change travel behavior thus appears limited in the near term, whereas research opportunities abound.
Quality of Life in the Planning Literature
Authors: Dissart J. -C. , Deller Steven C.
Published: July 2003

This bibliography reviews the literature on the notion of quality of life and how it affects several planning issues. The concept of quality of life is examined in general terms through definitions, concepts, models, and methods. Following this are discussions on quality of life as it relates to places or geographic areas, primarily urban ones, but also rural areas and neighborhoods; the role of quality of life in human migration; the impact of quality of life on firm location; and the relationship between quality of life and regional economic growth. The authors conclude that quality of life will increasingly play a significant role in various planning dimensions, but that role is likely to be a complex one.
The Problem with Community in Planning
Authors: Talen Emily
Published: July 2003

As an element of planning practice, the notion of “ community” is not well thought out. The quest for community in the realm of planning praxis provokes an age-old debate, which, given the current surge of interest in community, needs to be revisited and reassessed. In this article, the author argues that planners need to detach themselves from the idea that physical planning can create a “sense of community.” The integration of the notion of community and planning is analyzed in three parts. The author first assesses how planning practice currently incorporates the notion of community. Included is an empirical analysis of neighborhood planning documents from sixteen U.S. cities. Second, she discusses why the notion of attempting to build community in planning is problematic, and she presents four fundamental reasons why this is the case. Finally, she outlines how the notion of community in planning could be used more appropriately.
Integrating Planning Theory and Waste Management—an Annotated Bibliography
Authors: Hostovsky Charles
Published: July 2003

This bibliography explores the body of literature that interfaces between professional land use planning and the management of waste. The author has been struggling to understand the dynamics of waste facility siting failures and the sustained public opposition that has become ubiquitous in Canada and the United States. Waste planners may have displayed a general ignorance or intellectual neglect regarding fundamental planning models and theory. This neglect may help us to understand why waste planning appears to be prone to failure. This bibliography provides some foundational readings in planning models that may help us link waste management and planning theory. A literature review was undertaken, with a focus on refereed journals. Three distinct types of refereed journals were examined: planning, waste management and environmental management. Articles were screened for evidence of six planning models as they relate to waste management, including the comprehensive rational, incremental, adaptive, contingency, advocacy, and participatory models.
Nonconformist Populations and Planning Sexuality and Space: Nonconformist Populations and Planning Practice
Authors: Forsyth Ann
Published: July 2003

The gay, lesbian, and queer population is a marginalized group, but its concerns are not marginal to planning. It is a sizable group, heterogeneous (not least in income), and growing in visibility. This article examines the implications for planning practice of the emergence of gay men, lesbians, and related nonconformist groups. Most of the research that is easily applied to planning practice has focused on residential enclaves and neighborhoods. Work is also starting to appear on zoning and housing, business development including tourism, historic preservation, and the use of public space.
Pedestrian Behavior Pedestrian Behavior and Perception in Urban Walking Environments
Authors: Zacharias John
Published: July 2003

Planning pedestrian environments requires assumptions about how pedestrians will respond to characteristics of the environment as they formulate and enact their walking itineraries. As a consequence, most research interest in public environments focuses on behavior in relation to those characteristics. For example, there is a substantial body of descriptive and typological studies of pedestrian environments. Metric, geometric, and topological models have proved useful in characterizing density and direction of movement. The need to understand the mechanism of choice has prompted microscale and laboratory-based research on exploratory spatial behavior within walking districts. Studies of behavior in relation to comfort, the way in which images of places impinge on choices, and how dynamic and serial experience of the city affects individual itineraries have all developed as specialized fields of understanding. In general, studies of pedestrian environment dynamics have both diversified and multiplied as its systems and methodologies are adapted for planning other environments.
Takings and Land Use Regulation: A Review of Recent Law Journal Literature
Authors: Beydoun Mustapha , Pearlman Kenneth
Published: July 2003

No topic in land use regulation has been more important in recent years than the issue of takings: how far can land use regulation go before courts will find it illegal or require government to pay compensation to land owners whose property has been “taken” as a result of overregulation (unlike an actual taking of property through the exercise of the power of eminent domain). This article examines the substantial recent literature of takings, emphasizing the role played by the United States Supreme Court, which has developed a fairly complex view on takings. In addition to Supreme Court matters, the bibliography also reviews state takings issues, questions of policy, and legislative action.
The Role of Economic Theory in Regional Advocacy
Authors: Levine Joyce N.
Published: July 2003

Regionalism is now being explored by a wide variety of communities. One of the most hotly debated assertions of the 1990s was that regional unity, however defined, leads to higher levels of economic growth. Yet despite this faith in the power of regionalism, the beneficial economic effects of regional planning remain elusive. This review presents and integrates three bodies of literature related to the proposed link between metropolitan unity, as expressed through planning, and economic outcomes.
The Built Environment and Human Activity Patterns: Exploring the Impacts of Urban Form on Public Health
Authors: Frank Lawrence D. , Engelke Peter O.
Published: July 2003

An increasing body of evidence suggests that moderate forms of physical activity (such as walking and bicycling), when engaged in regularly, can have important beneficial effects on public health. This article reviews current public health, planning, and urban design research to determine, first, how walking and bicycling might be critically important exercise behaviors for improving public health, second, how urban form affects the frequency of walking and bicycling as a form of physical activity, and third, how the public health considerations outlined in this article might reorient planners’ thinking toward the realization of health-promotive environments. The current lack of emphasis on the interdependencies between built form and overall quality of life, as measured by health, safety, and welfare considerations, suggests the need for a rethinking of public policy approaches to transportation investment and land development.
Western European Landscape Protection Western European Approaches to Landscape Protection: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Hamin Elisabeth M.
Published: July 2003

Western Europeans, by virtue of living in relatively small and densely populated countries, have learned how to protect lands where there is little pristine nature or state ownership. The results are protected landscapes, where management goals include not just recreation and environmental protection but also cultural retention and a sustainable economy. This article reviews English-language literature on the designation of protected landscapes and their management goals, participatory techniques for working with local residents, regulatory and land use planning within the units, and limitations of the literature and applicability of protected landscapes in a North American context. Given the complexity of management and the importance of human-to-nature relations in these areas, planners have much to contribute to the study and implementation of protected landscapes.
Subsidized Housing and Neighborhood Impacts: A Theoretical Discussion and Review of the Evidence
Authors: Freeman Lance , Botein Hilary
Published: July 2003

This review evaluates the perception that subsidized housing results in negative neighborhood impacts by considering four commonly studied putative impacts of subsidized housing location: property values, racial transition, poverty concentration, and crime. The authors assess theoretical and methodological bases for discerning impacts and determine which study results inspire confidence. Research reveals a relationship between the presence of subsidized housing and both property values and crime in certain circumstances, with both positive and negative impacts, and suggests that the presence of subsidized housing does not lead to racial transition. Research on the impact of subsidized housing on poverty concentration is too flawed methodologically to permit conclusions. Future research must, among other steps, control for variability of impacts across types of neighborhoods, use data that distinguish between residents of subsidized and nonsubsidized housing, and take into account changing attitudes as well as the context in which housing is proposed.
Impervious Surfaces and Water Quality: A Review of Current Literature and Its Implications for Watershed Planning
Authors: Brabec Elizabeth , Schulte Stacey , Richards Paul L.
Published: July 2003

Impervious surfaces have for many years been recognized as an indicator of the intensity of the urban environment and, with the advent of urban sprawl, they have become a key issue in habitat health. Although a considerable amount of research has been done to define impervious thresholds for water quality degradation, there are a number of flaws in the assumptions and methodologies used. Given refinement of the methodology, accurate and usable parameters for preventative watershed planning can be developed, which include impervious surface thresholds and a balance between pervious and impervious surfaces within a watershed.
Natural Amenity-Led Development and Rural Planning
Authors: Marcouiller David W. , Clendenning John Gregory , Kedzior Richard
Published: July 2003

Rural America’s economy, culture, and landscape have entered a period of sustained and dramatic change. Patterns of land use and the context of development are increasingly driven by natural resource-based amenity values. Planners face a new breed of economic, social, and environmental issues brought about by this rapid change in land use; driven, in large part, by demands for rural residential developments and recreationally-oriented land uses. This annotated bibliography has been compiled as a primer to the academic literature that relates to this phenomenon.
Information Technology and Urban Form
Authors: Audirac Ivonne
Published: July 2003

This article explores the link between information technology (IT) and urban form. It does this by examining recent literature pertaining to two urban theorizing traditions: the deconcentration and economic-restructuring schools. Whereas in the deconcentration school, IT–urban form relationships are the newest stage in a sequence of technological innovations in transportation and communications posing new challenges to the geography of accessibility, in the restructuring school, these relationships are theorized as pervasive sociotechnical change transforming the organization of production, institutions, and everyday life. Despite their paradigmatic differences, both schools explore urban decentralization and/or centralization questions and identify urban dispersing effects related to synergies between IT and the automobile society. The author uses a Dutch and a U.S. case to illustrate the challenges that informational or New Economy development pose to urban and regional planning.
ePlanning: A Snapshot of the Literature on Using the World Wide Web in Urban Planning
Authors: Budthimedhee Kanjanee , Li Jinghuan , George R. Varkki
Published: July 2003

The phrase e Commerce is now widely used to describe new business relationships and extensions to existing business made possible by the Internet. The task of planning and managing cities has associated with it a set of activities and relationships that can be as complex as in commerce. The authors use the term e Planning to describe using the Internet to advance urban planning and management and have assembled a snapshot of the extensive and growing literature on this topic. This limited snapshot provides a sense of the breadth of literature that is available and also points to some of the key contributions to this important area of scholarly and professional endeavor.
Women’s Employment and Commuting: Explaining the Links
Authors: MacDonald Heather I.
Published: July 2003

This article reviews recent research on the link between women’s commuting and labor force participation and identifies five key themes in the literature. Women’s shorter work trips have been explained in terms of women’s low wages, the need to coordinate dual roles as mothers and wage earners, and as a reflection of a more even distribution of jobs that traditionally hire women. Short work trips may also reflect spatial entrapment in highly localized labor markets. Finally, shorter work trips may reflect a spatial mismatch between low-income and minority women’s residential locations and entry-level jobs; thus, employment may entail much longer commutes for inner-city residents. This article evaluates research within each theme, identifies future research needs, and explores the implications for current policy debates over welfare reform.
Evaluating the Effects of GIS Technology: Review of Methods
Authors: Nedovic-Budic Zorica
Published: July 2003

Geographic information systems (GISs) are being introduced into many planning agencies in the United States and abroad. Urban planners find GISs to be effective tools that can help with information management, processing, dissemination, and communication. Yet, initial evidence on the implementation of GIS technology in local governments and planning agencies points to difficulties in getting the systems established and in realizing expected benefits. Technological, database, and organizational factors make it most challenging to get a GIS to fit and adapt to the needs of planning practice. The main sources of evidence to guide the mutual adjustment between GIS technology and planning are evaluative studies of existing systems that examine how these GISs affect planning processes and functions. To date, these studies are scarce. To promote and facilitate assessment of GIS technology in the planning context, this article reviews the frameworks, methods, and criteria that are employed in the fields of organizational studies, information management, and decision support systems.
Geographic Index to CPL Exchange Bibliographies 1433-1563
Authors: Wenning Mary V. , McMaster Jane
Published: July 2003

The original publication of the Council of Planning Librarians, Exchange Bibliography, was issued from 1958 to 1978. During this period, 1,565 numbers were published in the bibliography series. A geographic index to these bibliographies, prepared periodically by James C. Starbuck, is quite a valuable addition. Starbuck’s work covers exchange bibliographies 1 through 1431, but he did not index the last group of exchange bibliographies, 1432 through 1563. This index begins to complete Starbuck’s work by providing a geographic index of the U.S. citations for this final group of exchange bibliographies.
Property Values and Transportation Facilities: Finding the Transportation-Land Use Connection
Authors: Ryan Sherry
Published: July 2003

This article reviews empirical studies of the relationship between transportation facilities—highways, heavy rail, and light rail transit systems—and property values. The main objective is to develop an explanation for inconsistent results presented in this literature over the past several decades. Results from these studies vary based on whether travel time or travel distance is used as a measure of accessibility. When researchers measure access to highways and rail transit in terms of travel time, study results usually indicate the expected inverse relationship between access to transportation facilities and property values. When studies use travel distance as a measure of access to transportation facilities, results tend to show mixed property value effects. The delineation of study areas also appears to influence the direction of results. This article offers a new interpretation of the transportation facility-property value literature that improves our ability to measure this relationship and to anticipate land-market responses to transportation facilities.
Demographic Effects in Environmental Aesthetics: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Stamps Arthur E.
Published: July 2003

As design review and multicultural constituencies become more and more prevalent, planners will have increasing needs to make aesthetic decisions that may be contingent on social or cultural factors. Accordingly, it would be useful for planners to have access to the body of empirical literature that has been published on the demographic effects in environmental aesthetics. A literature review found 107 relevant references. These references covered more than 19,000 respondents and 3,281 environmental scenes. Overall, the correlation of preferences between different demographic groups was r = .82. Correlations are also reported for the following factors: multiculturalism, designers and other people, students and other people, children and adults, gender, and special interest groups. Correlations were very high except for children, designers and others for avant-garde architecture, and special interest groups.
From Quiet Revolution to Smart Growth: State Growth Management Programs, 1960 to 1999
Authors: Weitz Jerry
Published: July 2003

State sponsorship of regional and statewide growth management programs is now four decades old. Surprisingly, much variation exists among scholarly accounts of the quiet revolution and the second wave of state growth management program history. The literature has expanded rapidly as state growth management programs have evolved in the 1990s into new phases of program history: a third wave and now a subsequent era called “smart growth.” As we look ahead to newer state programs that are designed to curb sprawl and promote sustainability, it is useful to take a comprehensive look at where we have been. The state growth management literature deserves consolidation, reconsideration, and reconciliation. With almost three hundred annotated entries, this bibliography provides a thorough, but not exhaustive, review of the literature on state growth management programs. The bibliography’s primary purpose is to identify the states that are considered, or should be considered, growth management states.
Mortgage Lending and Gender
Authors: Sanders Cynthia K. , Scanlon Edward
Published: July 2003

This article analyzes 1992 data from the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act for the city and county of St. Louis, MO. The primary hypothesis was that controlling for relevant factors, women would be more likely than men to be denied home loans. The findings contradict the hypothesis and suggest that men are slightly more likely than women to be denied conventional mortgage loans. However, the study also found that women with male coapplicants are more likely than women who apply independently to be denied these loans.
Marginalized Epistemologies: A Feminist Approach to Understanding the Experiences of Mothers With HIV
Authors: Tangenberg Kathleen
Published: July 2003

This article reports on an exploratory study of the privileging and marginalization of spiritual and bodily knowledge identified in the transcripts of focus group meetings of mothers with HIV. It describes bodily and spiritual knowledge and the themes that emerged, including mothering, addiction, recovery, stress, faith, and prayer. It also emphasizes the relationship between social marginalization and marginalized ways of knowing, focusing on the relevance of epistemological values for social work practice, education, and research.
Women and Interracial Cooperation in Establishing the Good Samaritan Hospital
Authors: Carlton-LaNey Iris
Published: July 2003

This article focuses on the strategic importance of the roles of African American and White women in establishing the Good Samaritan Hospital in 1891 and on the groups' interracial cooperation in maintaining the hospital. Given the social and physical segregation of the South at that time, the two groups worked on parallel planes without acknowledging each other's efforts.
Empowerment Practice: A Focus on Battered Women
Authors: Busch Noël Bridget , Valentine Deborah
Published: July 2003

During the past two decades, empowerment theory has gained popularity as a way to develop social policy reforms, programs, and practices related to oppressed and disenfranchised populations. This article applies the principles of empowerment practice to address the needs of battered women, and it discusses the implications for social work practice.
Working for Equality and Economic Liberation: Advocacy and Education for Welfare Reform
Authors: Finn Janet L. , Castellanos Raquel , McOmber Toni , Kahan Kate
Published: July 2003

This article chronicles the history of Working for Equality and Economic Liberation (WEEL), a Montana-based grassroots advocacy and educational organization that emerged in response to welfare reform. It discusses the development of WEEL, the feminist principles that undergird it, andWEEL's accomplishments, challenges, and links to a broad-based network of other groups.
Rights and Wrongs of Welfare Reform: A Feminist Approach
Authors: Pearce Diana
Published: July 2003

How do feminists frame a critique of welfare reform that supports women's efforts to achieve economic independence without embracing the oppressive nature of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act? By taking a human rights perspective, this article asserts that the success of any welfare program should be evaluated by whether it achieves its fundamental goal of allowing single mothers to keep their children and provide for them adequately. Both income and work are only means toward this end and are judged according to how well they achieve it.
Analysis of the Family Violence Option: A Strengths Perspective
Authors: Postmus Judy L.
Published: July 2003

The Family Violence Option (FVO) provides exemptions from Temporary Assistance to Needy Families requirements to victims of domestic violence. This article examines the link between domestic violence and welfare and analyzes the FVO using the strengths perspective. This perspective identifies women's strengths and needs and the barriers they must overcome to become self-sufficient.
Moving Welfare Participants to Work: Women, Transportation, and Welfare Reform
Authors: Blumenberg Evelyn
Published: July 2003

This article draws on data for Los Angeles to argue that effective transportation programs for welfare recipients must consider both the distinctive characteristics and patterns of employed women and the constraining burdens of children and other household responsibilities. The failure to do so will limit the effectiveness of these programs and greatly increase the likelihood that recipients will remain poor.
Pauline Agassiz Shaw, 1841-1917: A Forgotten Visionary
Authors: Hoffman Norma
Published: July 2003

This article describes the life and contributions of Pauline Agassiz Shaw, who pioneered the public kindergarten movement in the United States and was an activist for many social causes, including women's suffrage, prison reform, and world peace.
Responding to Oppression and Abuse: A Feminist Challenge to Clinical Social Work
Authors: Dietz Christine A.
Published: July 2003

This article uses feminist micropractice to show how social workers can connect the personal with the political. It discusses the controversy surrounding clinical social work practice; the disempowering and empowering aspects of micropractice approaches; the political context of micropractice; and the viability of feminist, empowerment-oriented approaches to practice in amanaged care environment.
Help Seeking for Violence: Views of Survivors
Authors: Van Hook Mary P.
Published: July 2003

This study of reports of physical abuse by women in medical clinics identified the barriers to reporting abuse, including time constraints and providers' and patients' attitudes and help-seeking patterns, and the responses that women find most helpful. Feminist principles of organizing—consciousness raising, bottom-up organizing, respect for women's definition of the solution, and awareness of the impact of the political—can help guide interventions with these women.
Social Action Research: Influencing Providers and Recipients of Health and Mental Health Care for Lesbians
Authors: Saulnier Christine Flynn , Wheeler Elizabeth
Published: July 2003

From 1994 through 1997, the Lesbian Health Care Project of Western New York (LHCP), a feminist social action research project, gathered region-specific information about lesbians' physical and mental health care. The project conducted a community survey, community focus groups, and a provider survey and developed and distributed a community resource book/directory of providers. This article describes the project and its findings and discusses social action strategies and implications for practice.
Students' Perceptions of Single Parents and Social Injustice: A Women's Issue
Authors: Rhodes Rita , Johnson Miriam McNown
Published: July 2003

This study examined graduate social work students' perceptions of vulnerable populations. The results suggest that although the students were able to identify oppression as a factor in the lives of women and other at-risk populations, for the most part, their perceptions of single parents underscored the belief that the life conditions of femaleheaded families are the consequence of individual choice, rather than of societal arrangements that have a disproportionately negative impact on women.
The Dynamics of Battering Revisited
Authors: Chornesky Alice
Published: July 2003

There is no agreement on the theories that attempt to explain the abuse of women by their partners or spouses. Thus, interventions vary, depending on individual practitioners' conceptualizations of the problem. This article uses attachment theory and theories of connection and relationship to examine the causes of spousal violence and the tendency for abusive relationships to persist.
Continuing to Care: Black and Latina Daughters' Assistance to Their Mothers in Nursing Homes
Authors: Kolb Patricia J.
Published: July 2003

Interviews with Black and Latina daughters who were caregivers for their mothers in a nursing home revealed the daughters' tasks, motivations, and emotional responses to caregiving. These tasks, motivations, and emotional responses are discussed from the perspective of racial-ethnic feminist theories and prior research on caregiving, gender, and ethnicity.
Social Work Academia: Is the Glass Ceiling Beginning to Crack?
Authors: Di Palma Sunday L. , Topper Gayle G.
Published: July 2003

This study assessed the progress made by women in social work education in attaining top-level administrative positions—director of a baccalaureate program and dean or director of a master's degree program— from 1985 to 1996. It found that, unlike higher education in general, social work academia has made significant progress in redressing the gross imbalance of male to female leaders at the undergraduate and graduate levels and could well serve as amodel for other disciplines.
An Emancipatory Principle for Social Work With Survivors of Male Violence
Authors: Wood Gale Goldberg , Roche Susan E.
Published: July 2003

This article describes a principle to guide direct practice with survivors of male violence—undermining oppressive beliefs. This principle politicizes what has been explained at the interpersonal level as one man's violence toward one woman and the woman's psychological struggle in its wake. It also explains the cultural-political infrastructure ofmale violence and makes visible the basic injustice that is often invisible because it is woven into the fabric of Western culture. The principle rests on social constructionist ideas and calls four narrative practice processes into action.
Taking Account of Men in the Lives of Teenage Mothers
Authors: McKinnon Margaret , Davies Linda , Rains Prue
Published: July 2003

This article examines two Canadian social service agencies, both of which are progressive and feminist in their orientation toward teenage mothers. It discusses how the staff and young women view men and considers the possibilities and challenges of working with young women in relation to the men in their lives.
Journeying the Quagmire: Exploring the Discourses That Shape the Qualitative Research Process
Authors: O'Connor Deborah
Published: July 2003

In the struggles to have its legitimacy recognized, qualitative research has been framed as a singular entity understood in relation to quantitative research. This interpretation is now being challenged, resulting in the emergence of increasingly complex, frequently contradictory, and often unarticulated understandings of the goals and practices associated with qualitative research. This article chronicles the pragmatic and ethical struggles the author encountered as her own ideas, reflecting the developing status of qualitative research perspectives, gradually shifted during the process of conducting a doctoral study. The purpose is to open for discussion the implications associated with contradictory discourses around qualitative research.
Economic Advocacy for Survivors of Domestic Violence
Authors: Kok Anne C.
Published: July 2003

With great uncertainty about the effects of the federal welfare reform law on survivors of domestic violence, researchers and activists have recommended that domestic violence program staff work closely with welfare workers in implementing new policies. This article describes the collaboration between aWisconsin domestic violence shelter and a county welfare program in providing direct services to survivors who need economic assistance.
Resilience Among Women Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Hyman Batya , Williams Linda
Published: July 2003

Research has paid little attention to survivors of childhood sexual abuse who do not exhibit long-term negative consequences or who manifest resilience. This study investigated resilient outcomes, that is, competence in the face of adversity, and the factors associated with these outcomes in 136 womenwho were sexually abused as children.
Redefining Abuse of Women With Disabilities: A Paradox of Limitation and Expansion
Authors: Gilson Stephen French , Cramer Elizabeth P. , DePoy Elizabeth
Published: July 2003

The study presented here, which relied on naturalistic design and focus-group methodology, examined the experiences of abused women with disabilities and the women's use of and need for services and resources. The study found that although disabled and nondisabled women face many of the same forms of abuse, disabled women have unique experiences that require specialized services.
Subjugated Knowledge in Gender-Integrated Social Work Education: Call for a Dialogue
Authors: Figueira-McDonough, Josefina , Netting F. Ellen , Nichols-Casebolt Ann
Published: July 2003

If social work education is truly committed to social justice and self-determination, it will have to liberate the knowledge of groups with which it works. To do so, it is necessary to recognize the unique role of practitioners in discovering and interpreting subjugated knowledge, which requires that academicians, practitioners, and consumers of services have opportunities to dialogue. Four strategies for freeing subjugated knowledge are proposed in this article. Dialogue that results from these strategies allows academicians and practitioners to focus on gaps between the practice theories they teach and the work they have to do and can contribute to curricular reformation.
A Wolf in Sheep's Clothes? How Welfare Reform May Threaten Domestic Violence Services
Authors: Smith Susan E.
Published: July 2003

The 1996 welfare reform law threatens the independence and integrity of domestic violence agencies for two reasons: (a) The “work-first” approach may distort their primary mission, especially because victims of domestic violence are at great risk in the workplace, and (b) these agencies can be considered feminist organizations. To protect the agencies' organizational integrity and quality of services, administrators, advocates, and researchers need to work toward three goals: to legislate the primacy of the safety goal, reevaluate available funding streams, and minimize competition and maximize collaboration and participation.
“Sitting With the Sick”: African American Women's Philanthropy
Authors: Carlton-LaNey Iris , Hamilton Jill , Ruiz Dorothy , Alexander Sandra Carlton
Published: July 2003

This article traces the historical development of informal and, to a lesser extent, formal health caregiving among African Americanwomen from slavery to the Great Depression. “Sitting with the sick,” ametaphor for myriad services, including preparing meals for, housekeeping for, feeding, bathing, and generally visiting with people who are mentally or physically ill, injured, or grieving, has been an important aspect of social support among African American women for centuries. Implications are presented for practice and ways to enhance the health caregiving role using the historical record as a guide.
Women of War: Emotional Needs of Ethnic Albanians in Refugee Camps
Authors: Drumm René , Pittman, Sharon , Perry Shelly
Published: July 2003

This qualitative study identified the emotional needs of female Kosovar refugees in southern Albania in May 1999, about 1 month following their flight from Kosovo. Common themes that emerged from the interviews included dealing with trauma, anxiety, and boredom and maintaining the hope that they would return home. On the basis of the findings, along with feminist theories as guiding concepts, the authors offer recommendations for the prevention of further trauma and treatment options for women in refugee camps.
Where Do You Go When It's 40 Below? Domestic Violence Among Rural Alaska Native Women
Authors: Shepherd Judy
Published: July 2003

Although domestic violence is now recognized as a serious social problem in American society, little information is available on this problem in rural indigenous communities. This article, which is derived from in-depth interviewswith 9 rural Alaska Native womenwho have been in abusive relationships, explores the environmental and cultural context of domestic violence in a remote Alaska Native community and the adaptations that such a context requires for the provision of culturally appropriate services.
Raíces: Gender-Conscious Community Building in Santiago, Chile
Authors: Finn Janet L.
Published: July 2003

This article discusses the history, activities, contributions, and challenges of Raíces, a women's collective based in Santiago, Chile, whose participants promote community change through popular education. The article explores the philosophical foundations of Raíces and locates the collective in its political and historical contexts. Particular attention is paid to the ways in which Raíces has confronted the tensions and contradictions of emergent democracy in a neoliberal economy, officialist feminism in state-sanctioned women's organizations, and everyday life for poor and working-class women who are marginalized by both. The implications for feminist social work practice are addressed.
Negotiating Intimacies in a Globalized Space: Identity and Cohesion in Young Oromo Refugee Women
Authors: Kumsa Martha Kuwee
Published: July 2003

This article explores the paradoxical processes in how young Oromo refugee women negotiate identity and cohesion in a globalized space. It argues that these women's experiences reveal the interplay of local and global forces of identity and cohesion.The myth that contemporary migration has diversified and expanded the pool from which people choose intimate partners is challenged, and the multiple boundaries of gender, race, class, sexuality, ethnicity, and nationality interweaving in this pool of choice are critically analyzed. Implications for feminist social work practice are discussed.
Fuerza Unida
Authors: Finn Janet L.
Published: July 2003

Affilia 's commitment to feminist social work knowledge and practice includes ongoing dialogue among scholars, teachers, and community practitioners and activists whose work is challenging gender oppression, changing women's lives, and shaping the future of feminism. As part of our new Women Creating Change column, we are bringing their stories to our readers. In October 2001, members of the Affilia board were challenged and inspired by the work and words of Viola Casares and Petra Mata, organizers with Fuerza Unida in San Antonio, Texas. We launch Women Creating Change with their story, written by Janet L. Finn, column editor.
Adding Legal Insult to Injury: Battered Women, Their Children, and the Failure to Protect
Authors: Kopels Sandra , Sheridan Marcie Chesnut
Published: July 2003

This article examines reported appellate cases from various jurisdictions in which battered mothers did not abuse their children but were penalized for their partners' abusive conduct in light of the underlying dynamics of domestic violence. It presents recommendations for increased collaboration, cooperation, and understanding between those who work with persons who are experiencing domestic violence and those who work with abused children. The authors contend that the civil and criminal penalization of nonabusive mothers for failing to protect their children adds legal insult to the physical injuries they have already suffered.
Something Worth Fighting for: Higher Education for Women on Welfare
Authors: Butler Sandra S. , Deprez Luisa
Published: July 2003

The passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA)r estricted access to postsecondary education for women on welfare. This article discusses the consequences of this aspect of PRWORAand the effect of higher education on women on welfare. The Parents as Scholars (PaS)Pr ogram of Maine—an innovative state program that allows women on welfare to attend college—is described, and data on the experiences of 222 Pas participants are presented. The participants reported increased selfesteem, enhanced opportunities, enriched lives, better relationships with their children, and excitement about their futures.
Reflections on a Rape Trial: The Role of Rape Myths and Jury Selection in the Outcome of a Trial
Authors: Shepherd Judy
Published: July 2003

This article reviews arguments and jury deliberations froma rape trial that took place in spring 1999 and was retried 7 months later. It presents the circumstances of the case, the evidence and arguments of the prosecution and defense, discussions among jurors during the first trial, and the outcome of each trial. It also raises questions about the treatment of sexual assault victims in the courts, the effect of jury selection on the outcomes of trials, and the persistence of myths regarding women and sexual assault in American society.
Race and the Politics of Personal Relationships: Focus on Black Canadian Women
Authors: Tastsoglou Evangelia
Published: July 2003

This article critically reviews the literature on racism (White and internalized Black) in the heterosexual relationships of Black women. In addition,it assesses the relevance of this literature to Canadian Black women,identifies the research gaps on the subject,and maps out an empirical agenda for research on Black Canadian heterosexual relationships,pr emised on an integrated feminist,antiracist,and classbased analytical perspective.
Applying Relational Theory to the Treatment of Women's Addictions
Authors: Zelvin Elizabeth
Published: July 2003

This article discusses the application of relational theory to the treatment of women's addictions. It compares traditional models with relational models, and it discusses the relevance of relational theory to women's addictions and codependency issues. It also suggests gender-specific treatment approaches in which women's relational strengths are used to promote recovery.
Las Comadres as a Social Support System
Authors: López Rebecca A.
Published: July 2003

This article explores the relationship among 38 Latinas who participated in the fictive kin system of compadrazgo, or coparenthood. This system encourages the sharing of child-rearing responsibilities among parents and acquired godparents. It is important for social workers to recognize these relationships when they assess all possible elements of support available to Latino families, particularly to the increasing number of female heads of households.
Working and Nonworking Women: Onset of Homelessness Within the Context of Their Lives
Authors: Johnson Alice K.
Published: July 2003

This article reports on qualitative interviews with 25 women who were former residents of an emergency shelter. The interviews used a personal narrative approach to place the onset of homelessness within the context of the women's lives. They revealed that the onset of homelessness was different for working and nonworking women and that the women gained new perspectives on their problems from living in a shelter. They viewed homelessness as part of the process of solving worse problems.