bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Staging Pedagogy in Trans Masculine Porn
Authors: Goldberg RL
Published: May 2020

This article considers the ways in which pedagogy is formally represented in trans masculine porn, specifically in three films that stage scenes of learning: Linda/Les and Annie: A Female-to-Male Transsexual Love Story, Phineas Slipped, and Sex Education. Focusing on pedagogical scenes that dramatize failure, the article asks, Why, in trans porn, do we see extrageneric claims to educate? What kinds of pedagogical fantasies do trans porn, and porn-adjacent film, render about bodies and pleasures? The author offers a close reading of these films as rooted not in pornographic fantasy but in the fantasies of pedagogy. By directly incorporating pedagogy into the formal content of trans masculine porn films, these films distance themselves from the pedagogical functions of porn—porn as encounter, porn as learning about trans “difference”—and instead point to fantasies of efficacious pedagogy. The author suggests that these films do more than educate viewers on transgender; rather, they portray the pedagogical encounter itself as one way in which performers work through their own fantasies of successful pedagogy.
Pornography, Trans Visibility, and the Demise of Tumblr
Authors: Bronstein Carolyn
Published: May 2020

The December 2018 adult content ban instituted by the social media and microblogging site Tumblr had far-reaching effects. The ban cost the platform its user base, and its economic value plummeted. Purchased by the media conglomerate Verizon as part of a $4.8 billion acquisition of Yahoo's internet business in 2017, Tumblr was sold in August 2019 for less than $3 million. This article reviews the factors that led to the adult content ban, including Verizon's plan to eliminate pornography to attract more advertisers to Tumblr, heightened concern about sexual harassment lawsuits in the wake of #MeToo and Time's Up, and the passage of two new federal laws, SESTA and FOSTA, aimed at combatting sex trafficking online. It analyzes the critical role that Tumblr played in connecting and supporting marginalized sexual communities, especially trans communities, and others whose livelihood depends on freedom of sexual speech, such as sex workers, and discusses the centrality of online communication to processes of sexual self-discovery and self-actualization. Corporate control of sexual speech, and pornography bans, which are increasing as platforms like Facebook institute ever-tighter community standards, pose a direct threat to queer individuals and limit the possibility for authentic, positive representation of trans bodies and trans sexuality.
On Being a Transamorous Man
Authors: Nicholson Geoffrey H.
Published: May 2020

This first-person account discusses relationships between trans women and cis men in an effort to normalize transamory. It also considers the role of trans pornography as a vehicle to learn about trans women and their bodies.
Conceptual Metaphor of Anger Emotion in Grunge Musician’s Song Lyrics
Authors: Febriansyah Gema
Published: May 2020

This journal is entitled “Conceptual Metaphor of Anger Emotion in Grunge Musician’s Song Lyrics”. The objective of this study is to analyze and describe conceptual metaphors of anger emotion that Grunge Musicians used in their song lyrics and to analyze and describe the image schema formed in conceptual metaphor of anger emotion. The data are taken from the lyrics of grunge musicians based on the Rolling stones magazine about the best grunge musicians all the time. The research uses a qualitative method since the data collected are in the form of words rather than numbers and it is conducted based on the conceptual metaphor theory and emotion concept theory from cognitive semantics study. The result of this research shows that the conceptual metaphor of anger emotion mostly used by grunge musicians are ANGER IS FIRE, ANGER IS AN OPPENENT IN A STRUGGLE, ANGER IS A NATURAL FORCE, and ANGER IS A HOT FLUID IN CONTAINER. The image schema that found in conceptual metaphor of anger emotion is FORCE SCHEMA and CONTAINMENT SCHEMA.
Long-term conditions and severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
Authors: Robinson Patricia
Published: May 2020

Observation of infection trends through the course of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has indicated that those with certain pre-existing chronic conditions, such as hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obesity, are particularly likely to develop severe infection and experience disastrous sequelae, including near-fatal pneumonia. This article aims to outline how SARS-CoV-2 affects people and to consider why individuals living with long-term conditions are at increased risk from infection caused by this virus. A summary of available clinical guidelines with recommendations is presented, to provide community nurses with the up-to-date information required for protecting individuals living with a number of long-term conditions. Additionally, special measures required are outlined, so that community nurses may reflect on how to best provide nursing care for individuals living with long-term conditions and understand protection measures for individuals at increased risk from severe COVID-19.
Remember the late preterm neonate
Authors: McEwan Tom
Published: May 2020

We must not forget about this group of neonates within our maternity services—Tom McEwan, midwifery lecturer and honorary advanced neonatal nurse practitioner, explores why
Educating women and girls on female genital mutilation
Authors: Albert Juliet
Published: May 2020

Juliet Albert provides a first-hand account of her trip to a female genital mutilation refuge centre in Kenya
‘Birth Days’: a documentary film
Authors: Stylianou Danae
Published: May 2020

Danae Stylianou's film focuses on the power of birth, how it inspires women worldwide and emphasises the role of the midwife
Education priorities for voluntary organisations supporting parents experiencing perinatal loss: a Delphi survey
Authors: Power Stacey , Meaney Sarah , Cotter Riona , O'Donoghue Keelin
Published: May 2020

Background:

There is a reliance on voluntary organisations in healthcare. Education is necessary to keep up-to-date with best practice. The authors' aim was to identify education priorities of voluntary organisations that support parents who experience pregnancy/perinatal loss, to inform the development of an education day.

Method:

A modified Delphi study was undertaken to identify education needs. There were two Delphi rounds, inclusive of free text, where voluntary group experts reflected on responses in order to develop a consensus among the group.

Results:

There were 12 responses to Round One and seven responses to Round Two. From a list of 10 subjects, Round One identified 64 sub-topics, which were then determined as essential, desirable or not relevant in Round Two. The final 55 sub-topics were included in the education day.

Conclusion:

This study identified educational needs of voluntary organisations. A standardised approach was necessary to develop an education day that is responsive to their learning needs.
Treatment protocol and effectiveness of cosmeceuticals in aesthetic practice
Authors: Millar-Hume Lucy
Published: May 2020

Pharmaceuticals are essentially drug products containing active ingredients that prevent, mitigate, treat disease and/or affect the anatomy or physiological functions of the body. Cosmeceuticals is a term blending the meaning and action of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, resulting in a product that cannot exert a biological effect on cells, but can nonetheless improve the quality and condition of the skin.

Traditional medical methods of treating acne centre around antibiotic use and oral isotretinoin. Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem, and it means aesthetic practitioners must find alternatives. Attention is turning to cosmeceuticals as a solution, but this raises the question of the level of evidence for their growing use.
Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme: maximising the prospects of a successful claim
Authors: Rayment Andrew
Published: May 2020

With the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, the UK Government have promised help in the form of the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme. Andrew Rayment outlines the scheme, how claims can be made and who can be claimed for
Research Roundup
Authors: Winter George
Published: May 2020

George Winter provides an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to practice nurses. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided
Opinions of the Students from Foreign Language Teaching Departments about their Undergraduate Programs
Authors: Bilasa Pinar , Taspinar Mehmet
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the undergraduate programs implemented in different Foreign Language Departments on the basis of the pre-service teachers’ opinions by using the “Context-Input-Process-Product (CIPP)” model. The current research was conducted on 40 pre-service teachers from the German, Arabic, French, and English Language Teaching Departments of the Gazi Education Faculty of Gazi University in the city of Ankara in Turkey in 2017-2018 academic year. The study was designed according to the qualitative research model. In this regard, the study employed the phenomenological method. As the data collection tool, a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers was used. In the analysis of the collected data, the descriptive analysis method was used. In the study, the context, input, process and product dimensions of foreign language teacher training programs were evaluated on the basis of student opinions. According to the results, the participants found the program sufficient in terms of reading, writing and listening skills but inadequate in terms of speaking skill. It seems that the participating students think that the foreign language teaching programs generally meet their needs but do not adequately meet their need for developing their speaking skill. It can be suggested that the class hours devoted to the development of the speaking skill should be increased. Arrangements such as using computer-based programs and increasing speaking lessons can be made for students to improve their speaking skill.
The Effect of Leisure Literacy on Leisure Exercise in University Students
Authors: Ayyildiz-Durhan Tebessum
Published: May 2020

Within the scope of the research, which aims to determine the leisure literacy and leisure exercise levels of the university students who volunteer in sports organizations, it is aimed to analyze the relationship and the differences of certain variables with measurement tools, as well as to examine the relationship and impact between leisure literacy and leisure exercise. In this context, 207 sports organization volunteers who participated in the study participated in the data collection, as well as a demographic information form, as well as the “Leisure Literacy Scale” and “Leisure-Time Exercise Scale" was used. In this study, the internal reliability coefficient for the Leisure literacy scale was .94 and .70 for the leisure exersice questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and Tukey (HSD-LSD) test and Pearson Correlation test and regression analysis were used for data analysis. The findings reveal that participants have high leisure literacy (81.25 ± 14.04) and men exhibit more active leisure exercise levels, certain variables change leisure literacy and leisure exercise levels. On the other hand, positive strong relationships between leisure literacy and leisure exercise were determined, and leisure literacy was found to have a positive effect on leisure exercise level. As a result of the research, it can be stated that the volunteer participants who take part in sports organizations and evaluate their leisure time actively, the literacy knowledge, background and action level for their leisure time is an important factor that makes individuals spend their leisure by exercising.
O PAPEL DOS CLUSTERS LOCACIONAIS NA FORMAÇÃO DOS SALÁRIOS DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE GOIÂNIA
Authors: Monsueto Sandro Eduardo , Carrijo Bárbara Christina Pereira da Silva , Moraes Jaqueline
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal analisar a importância dos clusters locacionais de emprego sobre a criação de postos de trabalho de melhor qualidade e sobre a formação das remunerações dentro da Região Metropolitana de Goiânia. Para tanto, são utilizados os microdados da RAIS de 2015 relativos aos vínculos do setor privado da economia local. Os clusters são identificados por meio da metodologia do Quociente Locacional e analisados segundo a distribuição ocupacional e por meio de equações de salários. Os resultados mostram que estes setores são capazes de gerar postos de trabalho de mais alta qualidade socioeconômica e de pagar melhores prêmios salariais à qualificação. Podem, portanto, serem considerados como setores chaves para o desenvolvimento do mercado de trabalho local. Por outo lado, chama a atenção a existência de um maior diferencial de salários por gênero dentro destas atividades.
INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL: influence on asset specificities
Authors: Mello Victor Galindo de , Igarashi Deisy Cristina Corrêa , Mello Vinicius Galindo de
Published: May 2020

The intellectual capital (IC) is gaining prominence both in academic studies as in the business context. When evaluated the development of these elements, the Brazilian agribusiness stands out. Some difficulties are being addressed by studies linked to the transaction cost economics (TCE), resembling mainly with asset specificities. This study aims to understand how the influence of the components of intellectual capital in the formation of asset specificity in the downstream transactions of agribusiness companies. The quantitative method demonstrated relevant to the objective with the companies listed in the Exame M&M 2016, in which a multiple linear regression was performed. Three components of IC are present in the context of agribusiness, but only the structural component has been shown to be significant for the formation of asset specificities. Through this result, managers can identify points of specificities, which can be work in order to carry out efficient transactions.
The growth of three varieties of black pepper (Piper nigrum) under different light intensities related to indigenous hormones role
Authors: Issukindarsyah Issukindarsyah , Endang Sulistyaningsih  , Didik Indradewa  , Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Issukindarsyah, Sulistyaningsih E, Indradewa D, Putra ETS. 2020. The growth of three varieties of black pepper (Piper nigrum) under different light intensities related to indigenous hormones role. Biodiversitas 21: 1778-1785. Low light intensity causes the alteration of plant biochemical and morphological as the mechanism of adaptation. The experiment used split-plot design with three replications. The main plots were three light intensity levels, i.e. 100%, 75%, and 50% radiation; while subplots were three varieties namely Nyelungkup, Petaling 1 and Petaling 2. This research was conducted to figure out the effect of shadings on hormones and the growth of three varieties of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). The results showed that in initial vegetative growth, varieties of Nyelungkup and Petaling 1 had higher growth of both ortotroph and plagiotroph branches, leaf number, leaf area, length of root, root surface area, plant dry weight, nett assimilation rate, and plant growth rate than the variety of Petaling 2. The light intensity of 50% and 75% increased the auxin and gibberellin contents of the leaf but they did not affect the zeatin. The maximum gibberellin and auxin contents of leaf were recorded at 75% light intensity. The 50% and 75% light intensity raised the length, diameter, and internode of ortotroph branch; number, length, and internode of plagiotroph branch; leaf number; leaf area; leaf area ratio; length of root; root surface area; plant growth rate and plant dry weight related to indigenous hormones role.
Ethnobotany and conservation of indigenous edible fruit plants in South Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Suwardi Adi Bejo , ZIDNI ILMAN NAVIA  , TISNA HARMAWAN  , SYAMSUARDI  , ERIZAL MUKHTAR
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Suwardi AB, Navia ZI, Harmawan T, Syamsuardi, Mukhtar E. 2020. Ethnobotany and conservation of indigenous edible fruit plants in South Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1850-1860. The traditional knowledge system is immensely important in the context of plant resource conservation, utilization, and environmental management. The objectives of this study, therefore, were to document local knowledge on the diversity, utilization and sustainable management of indigenous fruit yielding species in the South Aceh region of Indonesia. This research was based on extensive field surveys, plant collection, and interviews with the local people, and a total of 56 indigenous edible fruit species belonging to 24 families were identified. Furthermore, the recognized varieties have numerous applications and serve multiple use categories. For example, they have been adopted as food (56 species), by medicine (16 species), construction materials (14 species), furniture (13 species) and firewood (12 species). These indigenous edible fruits are mostly used in the treatment of cough, stomach ache, diarrhea, fever, and digestive problems, and the following species are commonly traded in traditional markets Durio zibethinus, Garcinia mangostana, Mangifera indica, Mangifera foetida, Mangifera odorata, Baccaurea macrophylla, and Baccaurea lanceolata. The agricultural expansion activities in South Aceh region are assumed to present significant threats to the sustainability of indigenous edible fruit species. Conservation of indigenous fruit plants can be performed through the preservation of traditional knowledge and the promotion and domestication of indigenous fruit plant species.
Short Communication: Genetic diversity of lemon (Citrus spp.) from Ternate Island (Indonesia) based on morphological and molecular characters
Authors: Tolangara Abdulrasyid , ALOYSIUS DURAN COREBIMA  , ABDU MAS’UD  , SUNDARI
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Tolangara A, Corebima AD, Mas'ud A, Sundari. 2020. Short Communication: Genetic diversity of lemon (Citrus spp.) from Ternate Island (Indonesia) based on morphological and molecular characters. Biodiversitas 21: 1908-1913. One effort to build the image of Indonesian lemon can be by utilizing local genetic resources of Citrus spp. One of the growth centra lemon regions in North Maluku is Ternate Island. In Ternate island, cui (C. macrocarpa) is dominantly cultivated besides that there are Suanggi (C. histryx), nipis (C. aurantiifolia), and lemon (C sinensis). The genetic diversity of these local lemons in North Maluku, especially in Ternate, has not been scientifically reported. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of local lemons found on the island of Ternate based on morphological character and RAPD molecular analyses. A total of 12 accessions of local lemons in Ternate island to studied for morphological and molecular characters. Observation of morphological and morphometric characters of the lemons on 117 characters of vegetative and generative organs in lemons. Observation of molecular characters using three primers, i.e.: OPA1, OPA 2, and OPA 3 in the RAPD technique. The morphological character and molecular character using UPGMA analysis showed similar results. Ternate Island has moderate diversity of lemon species (75% based on morphological characters and 73% based on RAPD markers). Cluster analysis indicates that cui (C. macrocarpa) has the most distinctive autapomorphic character compared to the other local lemon varieties. Nipis (C.auratiifolia) and Suanggi (C. hystrix) shared 75% synapomorphic character similarity. This genetic diversity information provides a novel insight into the lemon commodity breeding programs which can be encouraged through the selection of superior local lemons based on morphological and molecular markers.
Genetic variability of Indonesian Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) as genus of Alphanudivirus
Authors: Rahayuwati Sat , Kusumah Yayi Munara , Prawirosukarto Sudharto , Dadang  , Santoso Teguh
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Rahayuwati S, Kusumah YM, Prawirosukarto S, Dadang, Santoso T. 2020. Genetic variability of Indonesian Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) as genus of Alphanudivirus. Biodiversitas 21: 2047-2055. Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) is known as a successful classical biological control agent. Recent reports have revealed differences in pathogenicity among OrNV isolates, with correlation suspected between virus virulence and genetic variability. The aim of the research is to study the genetic variability of OrNV isolates based on the DNA polymerase (DNA pol) gene and their phylogenetic relationship with Genus Alphanudivirus. Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) as an OrNV host were collected from Sumatra, Belitung, Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. Primers were designed to amplify complete gene of DNA pol. Sequencing, phylogenetic, and investigate genetic diversity scores were used to determine variability at nucleotide level. Five primers successfully amplified the entire DNA pol gene. Genetic variability of OrNV was high, from nine isolates found eight genetically different. Isolates could be divided into two groups of genetic diversity: high and low. High genetic diversity of OrNV supposed as an old population that occupied Sundaland and Wallacean paleogeography at first appearance in Miocene Era until early Pliocene 5 Mya. New population of OrNV had low genetic diversity were travel cross-island that supposed to correlate with oil palm plantation development and the genetic drift. The benefit information of the OrNV genetic variability is as preliminary guideline for virulence test. OrNV is a member of Nudiviridae family, Genus Alphanudivirus, and at recent moment they consist of eight species. Alphanudivirus infect Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Orthoptera order that soil as immature niche may explain their closely related taxa.
Antioxidant activity screening of seven Indonesian herbal extract
Authors: Johan Sukweenadhi  , Oeke Yunita  , Finna Setiawan  , KARTINI  , Maya Theresa Siagian  , Nggreyni Pratiwi Danduru  , Christina Avanti
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Sukweenadi J, Yunita O, Setiawan F, Kartini, Siagian MT, Danduru AP, Avanti C. 2020. Antioxidant Activity Screening of Seven Indonesian Herbal Extract. Biodiversitas 21: 2062-2067. Kumis kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus), pegagan (Centella asiatica), seledri (Apium graveolens), kunyit (Curcuma domestica), temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza), tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis) and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) are herbs that commonly used in the Indonesia folk medicine. The constituents that responsible for several important biological activities are phenolic and flavonoid compounds which also possess antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity of those seven Indonesian herbal extracts was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. The extraction was done with the reflux method by using 80% ethanol as a solvent. The total phenol and total flavonoids from each herbal extract were measured using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and spectrophotometry. Antioxidant activity results by DPPH method on O. stamineus, C. asiatica, A. graveolens, C. domestica, C. xanthorrhiza, S. arvensis, and P. niruri showed IC50 value at 132; ND; 2221; 361; 538; 1118; and 102 ppm, respectively. Results from ABTS method, showed IC50 value at 22; 1199; 169; 100; 82; 143; and 20 ppm respectively. While results from the FRAP method showed that the ethanolic extract of P. niruri at a concentration of 20 ppm possesses the strongest antioxidant activity (17.41 ppm AEAC/ppm extract). The content of total phenolic compounds are 22.50; 0.67; 2.16; 11.40; 7.80; 7.22; and 2.62% GAE, while the total flavonoid compounds were 19.88; 6.67; 4.06; 71.02; 34.62; 3.78; and 8.34% QE, respectively. It can be concluded that ethanolic extract of P. niruri and O. stamineus obtain the highest antioxidant activity based on DPPH, ABTS and FRAP method.
Short Communication: Polymorphism at third exon of the Myostatin gene and its association with growth and carcass traits in Batur sheep
Authors: Haren Hassan Ishag Hassan , Purwantini Dattadewi , Sumaryadi Mas Yedi , Prayitno Prayitno
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Haren HIH, Purwantini D, Sumaryadi MY, Prayitno. 2020. Short Communication: Polymorphism at third exon of the Myostatin gene and its association with growth and carcass traits in Batur sheep. Biodiversitas 21: 2074-2078. The present study aimed to investigate the association between myostatin (MSTN) genotype and two traits, growth and carcass, in Batur sheep. Blood samples representing thirty head were collected and genomic DNA was extracted. A specific primer designed to amplify the MSTN gene, samples sequenced then, used the BioEdit program to identify any mutation. Calculation of genotypes, gene and allele frequencies, heterozygosities, and Chi-square test was performed. Only two alleles observed (G and C) resulted in three genotypes. 11 polymorphic sites were observed, transversion at c.*121G>C, and one individual G>A which disrupted reading frame of whole MSTN sequenced, genotypic and allelic frequencies were 0.552 GG, 0.379 GC, and 0.069 CC, where the allele frequency was 0.741 G and 0.259 C. Lambs that carrying genotype GC had slightly more pre-slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, carcass length, and total yield (lion, shoulder, leg yield, and thigh) compared to those carrying genotype GG. There was no significant effect of the MSTN genotype on carcass traits (p=0.05). Polymorphic site c.*121 G>C is present in Batur sheep for the first time about the association with the MSTN gene however, it has not effects weaning weight, 6-month weight, and studied carcass traits.
The impact of bioinsecticide overdoses of Beauveria bassiana on species diversity and abundance of not targeted arthropods in South Sumatra (Indonesia) freshwater swamp paddy
Authors: KHOIRUL IKHSANUDIN HANIF  , Herlinda Siti , CHANDRA IRSAN  , YULIA PUJIASTUTI  , GHANNI PRABAWATI  , HASBI  , TILI KARENINA
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Hanif KI, Herlinda S, Irsan C, Pujiastuti Y, Prabawati G, Hasbi, Karenina T. 2020. The impact of bioinsecticide overdoses of Beauveria bassiana on species diversity and abundance of not targeted arthropods in South Sumatra (Indonesia) freshwater swamp paddy. Biodiversitas 21: 2124-2136. Bioinsecticides have been shown to reduce insect pest populations, but it is necessary to monitor the effect of bioinsecticide overdoses on non-target arthropods because they are abundant in rice fields. This study aimed to analyze the impact of bioinsecticide overdoses of B. bassiana on species diversity and abundance of non-target arthropods. Bioinsecticides derived from Beauveria bassiana were sprayed on the paddy every two weeks until the ripening stage, at a dose of 1, 2, 3, 4 L.ha-1, control (without insecticide), and abamectin as prescribed. The abundance of spiders and predatory arthropods did not decrease when bioinsecticides were applied but the abundance of spiders, especially Lycosidae and Salticidae dropped significantly when abamectin was applied. The abundance of the parasitoid decreased significantly when abamectin was applied, but the abundance of parasitoids applied by bioinsecticide was not significantly different from those of control. The abundance of insect pests started to decrease when bioinsecticide was applied to 2, 3 or 4 L.ha-1. The diversity species of non-target arthropods (spiders, predatory arthropods, and parasitoids) tended to decrease when it was applied bioinsecticides 3 and 4 L.ha-1 or abamectin, but their abundance remained high and no species dominance was found. For this reason, the correct dosage for suppressing insect pests abundance by not decreasing the abundance and diversity of non-target species is 2 L.ha-1 and applied when herbivore abundance is high.
The genetic relationships and Indo-Pacific connectivity of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) with particular reference to mitochondrial COI gene sequences from Cendrawasih Bay, Papua, Indonesia
Authors: A. Toha Abdul Hamid , DAILAMI MUHAMMAD , ANWAR SAIFUL , SETIAWAN JUSWONO B. , JENTEWO YUSUP , LAPADI IDA , SUTANTO SANNY , ARYASARI RATIH , AMBARIYANTO AMBARIYANTO , RUNTUBOI FERAWATI , MADDUPPA HAWIS
Published: May 2020

The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) inhabits Cenderawasih Bay at the Birdhead Seascape of Papua in high frequent sightings, but little is known about its genetic characteristics and connectivity. The study was conducted to characterize of the R. typus COI gene fragment from Cenderawasih Bay, in order to accurately compare with the 27 COI gene fragment sequences from the global whale shark deposited in the GenBank. A total of 28 meat samples of whale shark were collected by biopsy punch on a pole spear. The meat samples were extracted to obtain whole genome then amplified and sequenced to obtained COI nucleotides. The determined COI is a 669 bp, comprising of A = 26.5%, T/U = 30.5%, C = 28.3%, dan G = 14.7%. In total, 41 cutting sites of all the sequences ranged in size from 5-7 bp long. One COI single nucleotide polymorphisms and 2 haplotypes were identified. Single site substitution change from T to C for both haplotypes was observed. Overall, the haplotype diversity (Hd= 0.137) and nucleotide diversity (π=0.0002) were relatively low. A different nucleotide composition, number and arrangement of the sequences with the whale shark COI sequences from Cenderawasih Bay compared to COI gene fragment sequences from GenBank were observed. This study shows the availability of sequence of whale shark will contribute to aid further studies of molecular systematics, phylogeography, genetic differentiation, and conservation genetics.
Nesting behavior of Bornean immature Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in Nyaru Menteng Arboretum School, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Fauzi Fouad , Soemarno Soemarno , Afandhi Aminudin , Leksono Amin Setyo
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Fauzi F, Suemarno, Afandhi A, Leksono AS. 2020. Nesting behavior of Bornean immature Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in Nyaru Menteng Arboretum School, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2172-2179. This research aimed at analyzing the nesting behavior of Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in Nyaru Menteng Arboretum, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The objects of observation were the immature orangutan nest, and the type of nest tree. The purposive sampling technique was used because not all immature Orangutan could make a nest. The Focal animal sampling method was used to determine the daily behavior and nets building activity. It involved observing and recording the behavior of five young Orangutans over a certain period of time and analyzing the nest made. The results of the study established that the daily activity of immature Orangutan on an average sequentially ranges from feeding 17.18%, moving 23.92%, resting 26.34%, and social behavior 32.57%. The process of making a nest begins with finding a suitable branch, bending and breaking twigs, and then arranging the twigs and leaves as a mattress. The duration of building a nest was 5.00 to 6.44 minutes, the preferred nest tree was Palaquium xanthochymum and Shorea spp., and the direction of the nest more facing west.
Germination and salinity tolerance of seeds of sixteen Fabaceae species in Thailand for reclamation of salt-affected lands
Authors: KU-OR Yongkriat , Leksungnoen Nisa , Onwimon Damrongvudhi , Doomnil Peerapat
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Ku-Or Y, Leksungnoen N, Onwinom D, Doomnil P. 2020. Germination and salinity tolerance of seeds of sixteen Fabaceae species in Thailand for reclamation of salt-affected lands. Biodiversitas 21: 2188-2200. Over the years, areas affected by salinity have increased dramatically in Thailand, resulting in an urgent need for reclamation of salt-affected areas using salinity tolerant plant species. In this context, seed germination is an important process in plant reproduction and dispersion. This research aimed to study the ability of 16 fabaceous species to germinate and tolerate salt concentrations of at 6 different levels (concentration of sodium chloride solution, i.e., 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40 dS m-1). The germination test was conducted daily for 30 days, and parameters such as germination percentage, germination speed, and germination synchrony were calculated. The electrical conductivity (EC50) was used to compare the salt-tolerant ability among the 16 species. Our results showed that the germination percentage, germination speed, and germination synchrony of all species decreased with an increase in salinity concentration. The mean germination time increased from 2-4 days under 0 dS m-1 to 4-10 days under 16 dS m-1, indicating that the seeds germinated at a slower rate as the salinity levels increased. Seed germination percentage was more than 80% across all the species at salinity levels between 0 to 16 dS m-1. Sesbania grandiflora, Senna siamea, and Dalbergia cochinchinensis had a high EC50 value of 33.56, 32.93, and 30.83 dS m-1 respectively, suggesting that these species were the three most salt-tolerant species in this study. As such, the establishment of these species in salt-affected areas should be studied further in order to reclaim such affected lands.
Microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of bakasang laor, a traditional fermented fishery product from Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Mahulette Ferymon , TRI SANTI KURNIA
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Mahulette F, Kurnia TS. 2020. Microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of bakasang laor, a traditional fermented fishery product from Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2216-2223. Bakasang laor consisted of two types, i.e. with and without vinegar. The microbiological research of bakasang processed use laor as raw material is very limited therefore these investigations are necessary to be conducted. The research aimed to analyze the microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of two types of bakasang laor. The microbiological characteristics are used to determine product safety whereas the physicochemical characteristics, amino acids, and fatty acids contents can determine the nutritional value for consumption. The sample of bakasang laor was taken from traditional producers in Latuhalat, Ambon. Microbiological analysis using plate count method. From the measurement, the total number of halotolerant and coliform bacterial in bakasang laor without vinegar were 6.2 log CFU/g and 6.5 log CFU/g, respectively, while the total of lactic acid bacteria in bakasang laor with vinegar was 6.6 log CFU/g at the end of fermentation. The total amino acids and fatty acids contents of bakasang laor without vinegar at the end of fermentation were 11.25% and 32.23%, while bakasang laor vinegar was 9.38% and 32.72%, respectively. The bacteria found in bakasang laor were Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus arlettae, Staphylococcus petrasii, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter cloacae. Generally, microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of bakasang laor with vinegar were better than bakasang laor without vinegar. This research can improve the quality of this fermentation product in the future.
Feeding selectivity of Holothuria atra in different microhabitat in Panjang Island, Jepara (Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Retno Hartati  , AMBARIYANTO AMBARIYANTO  , WIDIANINGSIH WIDIANINGSIH  , MUHAMMAD ZAINURI
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Hartati R, Zainuri M, Ambariyanto A, Widianingsih W. 2020. Feeding selectivity of Holothuria atra in different microhabitat in Panjang Island, Jepara (Java, Indonesia). Biodiversitas 21: 2233-2239. Particle selectivity by deposit feeder sea cucumber Holothuria atra was an important concept in its feeding ecology. This species utilized the organic matter that coated sediment and detrital particles as food. Thus, particle size, organic matter, and microalgal biomass had been proposed as variables food resources along which niche separation could occur in optimal foraging strategy. This study was conducted in five microhabitats of different coverage of seagrass bed (P1-P4) up to the rubble area (P5) over a tidally variable depth range of 0,5-5m in Panjang island, Jepara. Twenty samples of sea cucumber H. atra were taken from defined microhabitat, along with samples of sediment underneath the sea cucumber. Granulometry of the particles ingested by sea cucumbers, total organic matter, and microphytobenthic biomass (as chlorophyll-a) found throughout their digestive tract (alimentary canal) and in the sediments was analyzed. Comparison of the contents and the rates of organic matter assimilation of the digestive tract with those of the microhabitat sediment were carried out. The results showed that H. atra fed on sediment underneath their body and it was revealed that there were strong (ƿ=0.833-0.876) to very strong (ƿ=0.945) positive relationship between grain size in the sediment and in their alimentary canal which showed their feeding selectivity of the sediment. H. atra also found to have efficiency in feeding by taking advantage of the high TOM content and high abundance of microphytobenthic organisms (presented as chlorophyll-a) in their natural microhabitats.
The combination of mare's milk and grape polyphenol extract for treatment of dysbiosis induced by dextran sulfate sodium
Authors: Kozhakhmetov Samat , DMITRIY BABENKO  , MADIYAR NURGAZIYEV  , ALTYNAY TUYAKOVA  , AYAULYM NURGOZHINA  , NURISLAM MUHANBETGANOV  , LAURA CHULENBAYEVA  , SHYNGGYS SERGAZY  , ALEXANDR GULYAYEV  , TIMUR SALIEV  , ALMAGUL KUSHUGULOVA
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Kozhakhmetov S, Babenko D, Nurgaziyev M, Tuyakova A, Nurgozhina A, Muhanbetganov N, Chulenbayeva L, Sergazy S, Gulyayev A, Saliev T, Kushugulova A. 2020. The combination of mare's milk and grape polyphenol extract for treatment of dysbiosis induced by dextran sulfate sodium. Biodiversitas 21: 2275-2280. This study showed the potential of a biological product based on mare's milk and a complex of grape polyphenols to modulate intestinal microflora after dextran sulfate sodium  (DSS)-induced dysbiosis. Rat ulcerative colitis has been developed using intra-gastric administration of 10% DSS solution. To track changes in the structure of the microbiome at all stages of the study, the next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene section and LotuS conveyor were used. The results of sequencing demonstrated a decrease in biological diversity of microbiota after the induction of colitis, and recovery after 7 days of use of the  (MMGPE). The product induced the structural changes of the microbiome damaged by DSS. Representatives of SCFA producing bacteria increased concentrations of  Prevotella, Alloprevotella, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae, and Blautia.
Effectiveness of herbs containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Elephantopus scaber L and Amaranthus tricolor L in iron deficiency anemia patients
Authors: FITRIANI ULFA , Zulkarnain Zuraida , Novianto Fajar , Wijayanti Enggar , Triyono Agus
Published: May 2020

Objective: this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of herbs containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Elephantopus scaber L and Amaranthus tricolor L compared with iron supplement in Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) subjects.

Materials and Methods: a total of 128 subjects with IDA were recruited and randomly assigned to one of the two groups: Anemia herbs (AH) (n=64) and Iron supplement (IS) (n=64). The AH group received herbs containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Elephantopus scaber L and Amaranthus tricolor L two times daily and the IS group received Hufabion capsul for 4 weeks. Outcome measures were assesed 4 weeks after intervention. The outcomes of this study were hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), serum iron (SI), total iron banding capacity (TIBC) and quality of life (QOL) by using short form-36 (SF-36). Ethical Committee of NIHRD approval was obtained for this study.

Results: A significant QOL effect in score of SF-36 of AH group was found after 4 weeks intervention (p<0,05). In contrast, no significant effect were found for the value of Hb, MCV , SI and TIBC (p>0,05) in the AH group. In the IS group, there were significant differences for value of Hb, MCV, SI, TIBC and SF-36 scores (p=0,000). Significant group effects were found for the value of Hb, MCV, SI and TIBC when comparing the IS group to AH group. There were also no significant differences between groups for QOL scores after 4 weeks intervention.

Conclusion: Herbs containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Elephantopus scaber L and Amaranthus tricolor L proved to be an effective complementary therapy by improve QOL in the IDA patients.
Isolation and characterization of Botryococcus braunii from a freshwater environment in Tenggarong, Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia
Authors: Rudy Agung Nugroho  , RR Dirgarini Julia Nurlianti Subagyono  , Enos Tangke Arung
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Nugroho RA, Subagyono DJN, Arung ET. 2020. Isolation and characterization of Botryococcus braunii from a freshwater environment in Tenggarong, Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2331-2336. The use of microalgae as an alternative source of oil has gained much attention in recent years. The present study was conducted to isolate and characterize microalgae Botryococcus braunii from a freshwater environment, located in Tenggarong, Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. B. braunii were cultured and determined their growth in terms of biomass yield and the presence of lipid globules by red Nile staining. Dry biomass, phosphate, and protein content of cultured B. braunii were measured at 3 days of intervals for 24 days. Biomass yield, hydrocarbon, carotenoid, and chlorophyll content were determined at the pH range of 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, and 8 and various CO2 concentrations. The result showed that B. braunii collected from freshwater in Tenggarong can produce lipid globules. The highest growth of B. braunii was reached at day 15, while the optimal phosphate content was on the 12th day, and the protein was relatively stable during culture. The optimal weight of B. braunii biomass was reached at pH 7 and 4% CO2 and the highest hydrocarbon content was obtained at pH 8 and 4% CO2. The highest chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were obtained 4% CO2. In conclusion, B. braunii collected from Tenggarong was successfully cultured and able to produce lipid globules. The optimal conditions for its growth and production of hydrocarbon, phosphate, protein, chlorophyll, and carotenoid were at pH of 7-8 and 4% CO2.
Q-Switched YDFL generation by a MAX phase saturable absorber
Authors: Muhammad A. R. , Jafry A. A. A. , Markom A. M. , Rosol A. H. A. , Harun S. W. , Yupapin P.
Published: May 2020

A stableQ-switching pulse train in a ytterbium-doped fiber laser (YDFL) cavity was generated using MAX-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) thin film, which is composed of layered ternary metal carbide (Ti3AlC2) as a passive saturable absorber (SA) and incorporates it in the laser cavity. MAX-PVA SA was fabricated using a solution-casting method. A self-started pulse train with a maximum repetition rate of 92 kHz and a decreasing pulse width (from 3.5 to 1.92 µs) with increasing pump power (from 214 to 260 mW) was produced. The laser’s stability was notable, with a high signal-to-noise ratio of 52 dB obtained at the highest repetition rate of 92 kHz. This finding suggests that MAX-SA could be used as an alternative to other SAs inQ-switched fiber lasers.
General QoS-aware scheduling procedure for passive optical networks
Authors: Hadi Mohammad , Bhar Chayan , Agrell Erik
Published: May 2020

Increasing volume, dynamism, and diversity of access traffic have complicated the challenging problem of dynamic resource allocation in passive optical networks. We introduce a general scheduling procedure for passive optical networks, which optimizes a desired performance metric for an arbitrary set of operational constraints. The proposed scheduling has a fast and causal iterative implementation, where each iteration involves a local optimization problem followed by a recursive update of some status information. The generality of the platform enables a proper description of the diverse quality of service requirements, while its low computational complexity makes agile tracking of the network dynamism possible. To demonstrate its versatility and generality, the applications of the scheme for service-differentiated dynamic bandwidth allocation in time- and wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical networks are discussed. To further reduce the computational complexity, a closed-form solution of the involved optimization in each iteration of the scheduling is derived. We directly incorporate transmission delay in the scheduling and show how the consumed power is traded for the tolerable amount of transmission delay. Furthermore, a 50% power efficiency improvement is reported by exploiting the inherent service diversity among subscribers. The impact of service prioritization, finite buffer length, and packet drops on the power efficiency of the scheme are also investigated.
Manipulations of light by ordered micro-holes in silicon substrates
Authors: Peng Kun , Zhang Ningning , Chen Peizong , Zhang Lijian , Jiang Zuimin , Zhong Zhenyang
Published: May 2020

Ordered micro-holes with controllable period, diameter and depth are fabricated in Si (001) substrates via a feasible approach based on nanosphere lithography. They dramatically reduce the reflectance in a broad wavelength range of 400-1000 nm, which can be deliberately modulated by tailoring their geometrical parameters. The simulated reflectance via finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method agrees well with the experimental data. The FDTD simulations also demonstrate substantially enhanced light absorption of a Si thin film with ordered micro-holes. Particularly, the light-filled distributions around micro-holes disclose fundamental features of two types of modes, channel modes and guided modes, involving the wavelength-dependence, the origin, the dominant location region and the interference pattern of the light field around micro-holes. Our results not only provide insights into the antireflection and the substantially enhanced absorption of light by ordered micro-holes, but also open a door to optimizing micro-hole arrays with desired light field distributions for innovative device applications.
Land and snow-covered area classification method based on the background noise for satellite photon-counting laser altimeters
Authors: Zhang Zhiyu , Xu Nan , Ma Yue , Liu Xinyuan , Zhang Wenhao , Li Song
Published: May 2020

The changing of snow and glaciers in mountainous areas is a sensitive signature to global warming, and satellite photon-counting laser altimeters provide an effective way to monitor the changing thickness of the snow and ice. Based on the background noise difference between snow/ice-covered areas and bare lands, we proposed a classification method to distinguish snow-covered areas from the raw photons measured by photon-counting laser altimeters in mountainous areas. First, a theoretical noise model was established considering the influence of the sunlight incident direction, the terrain slope, and reflection characteristics of different surfaces. Second, the dynamic thresholds from the proposed theoretical model and the trained thresholds were calculated and tested to classify the along-track land-cover types for the Ice, Cloud, and Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) photon-counting laser altimeter. Then, the study areas in Aksai Chin in autumn and near Pamirs plateau in winter were selected and the classification method was verified to achieve an overall accuracy of over 93% for both thresholds and areas. Our method utilized the “useless” noise photons that are enormous in quantity and easy to extract compared to the signal photons. More significantly, this method reduces the requirements of the optical images (that are used as the priori knowledge), as it can perform well even without priori knowledge.