bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compact radio emission indicates a structured jet was produced by a binary neutron star merger
Authors: Ghirlanda G. , Salafia O. S. , Paragi Z. , Giroletti M. , Yang J. , Marcote B. , Blanchard J. , Agudo I. , An T. , Bernardini M. G. , Beswick R. , Branchesi M. , Campana S. , Casadio C. , Chassande-Mottin E. , Colpi M. , Covino S. , D’Avanzo P. , D’Elia V. , Frey S. , Gawronski M. , Ghisellini G. , Gurvits L. I. , Jonker P. G. , van Langevelde H. J. , Melandri A. , Moldon J. , Nava L. , Perego A. , Perez-Torres M. A. , Reynolds C. , Salvaterra R. , Tagliaferri G. , Venturi T. , Vergani S. D. , Zhang M.
Published: February 2019

Merging produced a structured jet

The binary neutron star merger event GW170817 was observed with gravitational waves and across the electromagnetic spectrum. However, the physical processes that produced that emission remain poorly understood, particularly the late-time x-ray and radio emission. Ghirlanda
et al.
observed the radio afterglow with an interferometric array of 32 radio telescopes spread across the globe. The size and position of the radio source are not compatible with a uniformly expanding cocoon, as some have suggested. Instead, the data indicate that GW170817 produced a structured jet of material that escaped the surrounding ejecta and is now expanding into the interstellar medium at relativistic speeds.

Science
, this issue p.
968
Scalable and safe synthetic organic electroreduction inspired by Li-ion battery chemistry
Authors: Peters Byron K. , Rodriguez Kevin X. , Reisberg Solomon H. , Beil Sebastian B. , Hickey David P. , Kawamata Yu , Collins Michael , Starr Jeremy , Chen Longrui , Udyavara Sagar , Klunder Kevin , Gorey Timothy J. , Anderson Scott L. , Neurock Matthew , Minteer Shelley D. , Baran Phil S.
Published: February 2019

Scaled-up sodium-free Birch reductions

The so-called Birch reduction is frequently used by chemists despite its daunting conditions: Pyrophoric sodium is dissolved in pure liquified ammonia to achieve partial reduction of aromatics. Peters
et al.
surveyed and then optimized small-scale electrochemical alternatives to devise a safer protocol that can work on a larger scale with a broad range of functionally complex substrates.

Science
, this issue p.
838
In search of an aging antidote
Borrowed Time: The Science of How and Why We Age
Sue Armstrong
Bloomsbury, 2019. 272 pp.
Authors: Kennedy Brian K.
Published: February 2019

A science writer probes the one risk factor shared by a bevy of devastating diseases
Vernier spectrometer using counterpropagating soliton microcombs
Authors: Yang Qi-Fan , Shen Boqiang , Wang Heming , Tran Minh , Zhang Zhewei , Yang Ki Youl , Wu Lue , Bao Chengying , Bowers John , Yariv Amnon , Vahala Kerry
Published: February 2019

Making a (precision) measure of light

When measuring length, we learn in school that a vernier scale that uses two rulers, slightly offset, can reduce human estimation error and improve the resolution of a measurement. Yang
et al.
apply the same vernier principle with optical combs to develop a spectrometer that can determine the wavelength of light with high accuracy and precision. Two phase-locked counterpropagating optical microcombs generated in a miniature microresonator provided the rulers. Matching up of the “teeth” of the combs was then used to measure the wavelength of the optical light sources.

Science
, this issue p.
965
Quantum interface of an electron and a nuclear ensemble
Authors: Gangloff D. A. , Éthier-Majcher G. , Lang C. , Denning E. V. , Bodey J. H. , Jackson D. M. , Clarke E. , Hugues M. , Le Gall C. , Atatüre M.
Published: February 2019

An exercise in spin control

Semiconductor quantum dots offer the highest rate and quality of single photons among all other solid-state quantum light sources. However, they lack access to a long-lived quantum memory, such as a proximal nuclear spin, that would make them competitive for large-scale quantum architectures. Gangloff
et al.
used the spin of a single electron and light to cool an ensemble of about 30,000 nuclei within semiconductor quantum dots (see the Perspective by Bayer). They then extended this approach to manipulate individual nuclear spins. The ability to manipulate the ensemble of nuclei coherently, down to the single nuclear spin, could lead to the realization of a quantum dot network where each node has its own dedicated quantum memory.

Science
, this issue p.
62
; see also p.
30
Incidence, impact and indicators of difficult intubations in the neonatal intensive care unit: a report from the National Emergency Airway Registry for Neonates
Authors: Sawyer Taylor , Foglia Elizabeth E , Ades Anne , Moussa Ahmed , Napolitano Natalie , Glass Kristen , Johnston Lindsay , Jung Philipp , Singh Neetu , Quek Bin Huey , Barry James , Zenge Jeanne , DeMeo Stephen D , Brei Brianna , Krick Jeanne , Kim Jae H , Nadkarni Vinay , Nishisaki Akira
Published: February 2019

Objective

To determine the incidence, indicators and clinical impact of difficult tracheal intubations in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Design

Retrospective review of prospectively collected data on intubations performed in the NICU from the National Emergency Airway Registry for Neonates.

Setting

Ten academic NICUs.

Patients

Neonates intubated in the NICU at each of the sites between October 2014 and March 2017.

Main outcome measures

Difficult intubation was defined as one requiring three or more attempts by a non-resident provider. Patient (age, weight and bedside predictors of difficult intubation), practice (intubation method and medications used), provider (training level and profession) and outcome data (intubation attempts, adverse events and oxygen desaturations) were collected for each intubation.

Results

Out of 2009 tracheal intubations, 276 (14%) met the definition of difficult intubation. Difficult intubations were more common in neonates <32 weeks, <1500 g. The difficult intubation group had a 4.9 odds ratio (OR) for experiencing an adverse event and a 4.2 OR for severe oxygen desaturation. Bedside screening tests of difficult intubation lacked sensitivity (receiver operator curve 0.47–0.53).

Conclusions

Difficult intubations are common in the NICU and are associated with adverse event and severe oxygen desaturation. Difficult intubations occur more commonly in small preterm infants. The occurrence of a difficult intubation in other neonates is hard to predict due to the lack of sensitivity of bedside screening tests.
Neurosyphilis presenting as cranial nerve palsy, an entity which is easy to miss
Authors: Piura Yoav , Mina Yair , Aizenstein Orna , Gadoth Avi
Published: February 2019

Neurosyphilis is a rare disease that until the 2000s was almost eradicated due to population awareness of HIV and efficient treatment. Since then, the prevalence of the entity is rising due to risk-associated behaviour such as unprotected intercourse. Neurosyphilis is still a difficult entity to diagnose especially when combined with acute HIV infection which can influence the usual clinical course of disease. In rare occasions, both acute HIV and early syphilis infection can present as mono or multiple cranial nerve palsies. This case demonstrates a rare manifestation of misdiagnosed early syphilis infection combined with acute HIV infection in a 34-year-old man with prior history of unprotected sex with men.
Use of home telemedicine for critical illness rehabilitation: an Indian success story
Authors: Unnikrishnan Dileep , Raman Dileep , Joshi Dhruv , Ajaikumar B S
Published: February 2019

One-fifth of healthcare beneficiaries in developed nations get discharged from hospitals to physician supervised skilled nursing care facilities. In low-income and middle-income countries like India, postdischarge skilled nursing facilities are at a very nascent stage and largely underequipped in terms of infrastructure, skilled nursing and physician staff to manage complicated patients. Hence the responsibility of management of such patients lies largely with their families. We present a case where a 26-year-old man with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy who became ventilator dependent following major surgeries was weaned off his ventilator and rehabilitated back to his prehospital state. This was done at his home with visiting nurses and rehabilitation services under telemedicine supervision by a critical care specialist. Use of telemedicine services could be a viable and cost-effective option to ensure adherence to evidence-based medicine and standardisation of care in resource limited countries such as India.
Fulminant thymomatous AMPAR-antibody limbic encephalitis with hypertonic coma, bruxism, an isoelectric electroencephalogram and temporal cortical atrophy, with recovery
Authors: Urriola Nicolás , Soosapilla Kavie , Drummond James , Thieben Mark
Published: February 2019

Autoimmune encephalitides are a potentially devastating group of treatable disorders with a wide variety of clinical presentations. The most studied autoimmune encephalitis is caused by antibodies to the N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor. A rarer cause is due to antibodies against the evolutionarily related α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR). The full assortment of electroencephalogram (EEG) and clinical descriptions of the latter are yet to be fully described. A 44-year-old woman with impaired consciousness and subsequent coma characterised by an isoelectric EEG was diagnosed with AMPAR-antibody limbic encephalitis. MRI revealed temporal T2 hyperintensities that improved with immunosuppression, although leaving marked cortical atrophy. Gradual clinical improvement saw the development of aggressive bruxism requiring botulinum toxin injection with eventual meaningful clinical recovery. This case expands the clinical spectrum of AMPAR limbic encephalitis to include aggressive bruxism, and highlights that despite poor clinical and EEG findings at the outset, recovery is still possible.
High incidence of injuries at the Pyeongchang 2018 Paralympic Winter Games: a prospective cohort study of 6804 athlete days
Authors: Derman Wayne , Runciman Phoebe , Jordaan Esme , Schwellnus Martin , Blauwet Cheri , Webborn Nick , Lexell Jan , van de Vliet Peter , Kissick James , Stomphorst Jaap , Lee Young-Hee , Kim Keun-Suh
Published: February 2019

Objective

To describe the epidemiology of sports injury at the Pyeongchang 2018 Paralympic Winter Games.

Methods

567 athletes from 49 countries were monitored daily for 12 days over the Pyeongchang 2018 Paralympic Winter Games (6804 athlete days). Injury data were obtained daily from teams with their own medical support (41 teams and 557 athletes) and teams without their own medical support (8 teams and 10 athletes) through two electronic data capturing systems.

Results

112 of 567 athletes (19.8%) reported a total of 142 injuries, with an injury incidence rate (IR) of 20.9 per 1000 athlete days (95% CI 17.4 to 25.0). The highest IR was reported for para snowboard (IR of 40.5 per 1000 athlete days [95% CI 28.5 to 57.5]; p<0.02), particularly in the lower limb and head/face/neck anatomical areas. Across all sports at the Games, acute traumatic injuries (IR of 16.2 per 1000 athlete days [95% CI 13.2 to 19.8]) and injuries to the shoulder/arm/elbow complex (IR of 5.7 per 1000 athlete days [95% CI 4.2 to 7.8]) were most common. However, most injuries (78.9%) did not require time loss.

Conclusion

The new Paralympic Winter Games sport of Para snowboard requires attention to implement actions that will reduce injury risk. The shoulder was the most injured single joint—a consistent finding in elite para sport.
Comparative risk of new-onset diabetes following commencement of antipsychotics in New Zealand: a population-based clustered multiple baseline time series design
Authors: Currie Olivia , Williman Jonathan , Mangin Dee , McKinnon-Gee Bianca , Bridgford Paul
Published: February 2019

Objective

Newer antipsychotics are increasingly prescribed off-label for non-psychotic ailments both in primary and secondary care settings, despite the purported risk of weight gain and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aims to determine any relationship between the development of clinically significant new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus and novel antipsychotic use in New Zealand using hypnotic drugs as control.

Design

A population-based clustered multiple baseline time series design.

Setting

Routinely collected data from a complete national pharmaceutical database in New Zealand between 2005 and 2011.

Participants

Patients aged 40–60 years in the year 2006 who were ever dispensed antipsychotics (exposure groups—first-generation antipsychotics, second-generation antipsychotics and antipsychotics with low, medium and high risk for weight gain) or hypnotics (control group) between 2006 and 2011.

Main outcome measure

First ever metformin dispensed to patients in each study group between 2006 and 2011 as proxy for development of clinically significant type 2 diabetes mellitus, no longer amendable by lifestyle modifications.

Results

Patients dispensed a second-generation antipsychotic had 1.49 times increased risk (95% CI 1.10 to 2.03, p=0.011) of subsequently commencing metformin. Patients dispensed an antipsychotic with high risk of weight gain also had a 2.41 times increased risk of commencing on metformin (95% CI 1.42 to 4.09, p=0.001).

Conclusions

Patients dispensed a second-generation antipsychotic and antipsychotics with high risk of weight gain appear to be at increased risk of being secondarily dispensed metformin. Caution should be taken with novel antipsychotic use for patients with increased baseline risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Impact of drug consumption rooms on risk practices and access to care in people who inject drugs in France: the COSINUS prospective cohort study protocol
Authors: Auriacombe Marc , Roux Perrine , Briand Madrid Laélia , Kirchherr Sébastien , Kervran Charlotte , Chauvin Carole , Gutowski Marie , Denis Cécile , Carrieri Maria Patrizia , Lalanne Laurence , Jauffret-Roustide Marie
Published: February 2019

Introduction

The high prevalence of hepatitis C and the persistence of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) risk practices in people who inject drugs (PWID) in France underlines the need for innovative prevention interventions. The main objective of this article is to describe the design of the COSINUS cohort study and outline the issues it will explore to evaluate the impact of drug consumption rooms (DCR) on PWID outcomes. Secondary objectives are to assess how DCR (a) influence other drug-related practices, such as the transition from intravenous to less risky modes of use, (b) reduce drug use frequency/quantity, (c) increase access to treatment for addiction and comorbidities (infectious, psychiatric and other), (d) improve social conditions and (e) reduce levels of violence experienced and drug-related offences. COSINUS will also give us the opportunity to investigate the impact of other harm reduction tools in France and their combined effect with DCR on reducing HIV-HCV risk practices. Furthermore, we will be better able to identify PWID needs.

Methods and analysis

Enrollment in this prospective multi-site cohort study started in June 2016. Overall, 680 PWID in four different cities (Bordeaux, Marseilles, Paris and Strasbourg) will be enrolled and followed up for 12 months through face-to-face structured interviews administered by trained staff to all eligible participants at baseline (M0), 3 month (M3), 6 month (M6) and 12 month (M12) follow-up visits. These interviews gather data on socio-demographic characteristics, past and current drug and alcohol consumption, drug-use related practices, access to care and social services, experience of violence (as victims), offences, other psychosocial issues and perception and needs about harm reduction interventions and services. Longitudinal data analysis will use a mixed logistic model to assess the impact of individual and structural factors, including DCR attendance and exposure to other harm reduction services, on the main outcome (HIV-HCV risk practices).

Ethics and dissemination

This study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of the French Institute of Medical Research and Health (opinion number: 14–166). The findings of this cohort study will help to assess the impact of DCR on HIV-HCV risk practices and other psycho-social outcomes and trajectories. Moreover, they will enable health authorities to shape health and harm reduction policies according to PWID needs. Finally, they will also help to improve current harm reduction and therapeutic interventions and to create novel ones.
Incidence and relative risk for developing cancers in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Peng Yun-Shing , Lin Jr-Rung , Cheng Bi-Hua , Ho Cheng , Lin Yung-Hsiang , Shen Chien-Hen , Tsai Ming-Hung
Published: February 2019

Objectives

To evaluate the risk of developing cancers, particularly site-specific cancers, in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Taiwan.

Setting

The National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan.

Participants

This study was conducted using the nationwide data from 2000 to 2013. In total, 1 466 596 pregnant women with admission for delivery were identified. Subjects with GDM consisted of 47 373 women, while the non-exposed group consisted of 943 199 women without GDM. The participants were followed from the delivery date to the diagnosis of cancer, death, the last medical claim or the end of follow-up (31 December 2013), whichever came first.

Primary outcome measures

Patients with a new diagnosis of cancer (International Classification of Diseases, ninth edition, with clinical modification (ICD-9-CM codes 140–208)) recorded in NHIRD were identified. The risk of 11 major cancer types was assessed, including cancers of head and neck, digestive organs, lung and bronchus, bone and connective tissue, skin, breast, genital organs, urinary system, brain, thyroid gland and haematological system.

Results

The rates of developing cancers were significantly higher in women with GDM compared with the non-GDM group (2.24% vs 1.96%; p<0.001). After adjusting for maternal age at delivery and comorbidities, women with GDM had increased risk of cancers, including cancers of nasopharynx (adjusted HR, 1.739; 95 % CI, 1.400 to 2.161; p<0.0001), kidney (AHR, 2.169; 95 % CI, 1.428 to 3.293; p=0.0003), lung and bronchus (AHR, 1.372; 95 % CI, 1.044 to 1.803; p=0.0231), breast (AHR, 1.234; 95% CI, 1.093 to 1.393; p=0.007) and thyroid gland (AHR, 1.389; 95 % CI, 1.121 to 1.721; p=0.0026).

Conclusion

Women with GDM have a higher risk of developing cancers. Cancer screening is warranted in women with GDM. Future research should be aimed at establishing whether this association is causal.
Correlation of patient complexity with the burden for health-related professions, and differences in the burden between the professions at a Japanese regional hospital: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yoshida Shuhei , Matsushima Masato , Wakabayashi Hidetaka , Mutai Rieko , Sugiyama Yoshifumi , Yodoshi Toshifumi , Horiguchi Ryoko , Watanabe Takamasa , Fujinuma Yasuki
Published: February 2019

Objectives

An ageing society includes high patient complexity. Various biopsychosocial problems result in a high burden for health-related professionals. The direct relationship between the burden and patient complexity, however, has not been reported. We aimed to examine correlations between the burden for the attending physicians and nurses, and Patient Centred Assessment Method (PCAM) scores of patient complexity.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

A regional secondary care hospital in Japan.

Participants

We included all inpatients admitted to our acute care unit between 1 July 2014 and 30 September 2014. Exclusion criteria were age <20 years, refusal to participate in the study and length of stay fixed at the time of admission.

Main predictor

PCAM total score in the initial phase of hospital admission.

Main outcome

The burden for each profession (measured on a Visual Analogue Scale).

Results

In total, 201 inpatients participated [female/male=98/103, mean (SD) age of 77.4±11.9 years]. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients between the burden and the PCAM score ranged from 0.23 to 0.32. All p values were <0.05. Multivariate analysis was conducted using multilevel mixed-effects linear regression to determine the association between the burden and the PCAM score in two models. Model 1 used the total PCAM score as the predictive variable. Model 2 used the PCAM factors, patient-oriented complexity and medicine-oriented complexity, as predictive variables. In Model 2, with the burden of physicians, medicine-oriented complexity was statistically significant, whereas with the burden of nurses, both age and patient-oriented complexity were statistically significant.

Conclusions

PCAM scores correlated with the burden for physicians and nurses. Individual PCAM factors affected the burden for each profession differently.
Prevalence and risk factors for pterygium: a cross-sectional study in Han and Manchu ethnic populations in Hebei, China
Authors: Pan Zhouxian , Cui Jiantao , Shan Guangliang , Chou Yuyu , Pan Li , Sun Zixi , Cui Ze , Sun Jixin , Cao Yajing , Zhao Jingjing , Ma Xinyan , Ma Jifei , He Huijing , Ma Jin , Zhong Yong
Published: February 2019

Aims

To investigate the prevalence, ethnic differences and associated risk factors for pterygium in Han and Manchu populations aged 40–79 years in Hebei province, China.

Design

Cross-sectional study, as a part of the China National Health Survey.

Setting

Hebei province, China.

Participants

A multistage cluster sampling method with urbanisation level-based stratification was used to select participants for this study. A total of 4591 individuals over 40 years were recruited for this study. Inclusive criteria: (1) residents who had been living in Hebei for more than 1 year; (2) Han individuals with both parents being Han, or Manchu individuals with both parents being Manchu; (3) underwent ophthalmic examinations and (4) information in the questionnaire was complete.

Main outcome measures

Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between pterygium prevalence and factors of interest.

Results

A total of 3790 individuals (2351 Hans and 1439 Manchus) met the study criteria, of which 248 were diagnosed with pterygium (6.5%). There was no significant difference between the prevalence rates in Hans (6.2%) and Manchus (7.2%) (p=0.232). Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for grade 2 or higher pterygium were increasing age (p<0.001) and rural residence (OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.11 to 3.02; p=0.018), while the protective factors include gender (female) (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.88; p=0.011), cigarette smoking (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.83; p=0.005) and myopia (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.33 to 0.77; p=0.002). Premature menopause (OR 2.66; 95% CI 1.05 to 6.72; p=0.038) increased the risk of grade 2 or higher pterygium in females, while higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.08 to 3.47; p=0.027) was a risk factor of grade 2 or higher pterygium in males.

Conclusion

The overall prevalence of pterygium in Han and Manchu population in Hebei, China was approximately 6.1%. There were no differences in the prevalence of pterygium between Hans and Manchus, and the race was not a risk factor. This is the first study to report on the positive association between premature menopause and pterygium in females and between higher HDL levels and pterygium in males.
Messenger RNA therapy for rare genetic metabolic diseases
Authors: Berraondo Pedro , Martini Paolo G V , Avila Matias A , Fontanellas Antonio
Published: February 2019

Decades of intense research in molecular biology and biochemistry are fructifying in the emergence of therapeutic messenger RNAs (mRNA) as a new class of drugs. Synthetic mRNAs can be sequence optimised to improve translatability into proteins, as well as chemically modified to reduce immunogenicity and increase chemical stability using naturally occurring uridine modifications. These structural improvements, together with the development of safe and efficient vehicles that preserve mRNA integrity in circulation and allow targeted intracellular delivery, have paved the way for mRNA-based therapeutics. Indeed, mRNAs formulated into biodegradable lipid nanoparticles are currently being tested in preclinical and clinical studies for multiple diseases including cancer immunotherapy and vaccination for infectious diseases. An emerging application of mRNAs is the supplementation of proteins that are not expressed or are not functional in a regulated and tissue-specific manner. This so-called ‘protein replacement therapy’ could represent a solution for genetic metabolic diseases currently lacking effective treatments. Here we summarise this new class of drugs and discuss the preclinical evidence supporting the potential of liver-mediated mRNA therapy for three rare genetic conditions: methylmalonic acidaemia, acute intermittent porphyria and ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.
Reply to discussions by Timoney et al. (2018) and Hall et al. (2018) on “Frequency of ice-jam flooding of Peace-Athabasca Delta”
Authors: Beltaos Spyros
Published: February 2019

The writer systematically refutes all of the discussers’ criticisms and supplies more details on the rigour of his “slope-based” frequency analysis. He also identifies key flaws of alternative and conflicting statistical interpretations proposed by the two discussion teams; and provides detailed documentation of the large uncertainty associated with paleolimnological assessments of ice-jam flood frequency.
Radially falling test particle approaching an evaporating black hole
Authors: Kassner Klaus
Published: February 2019

A simple model for an evaporating non-rotating black hole is considered, employing a global time that does not become singular at the putative horizon. The dynamics of a test particle falling radially towards the center of the black hole are then investigated. Contrary to a previous approach, we find that the particle may pass the Schwarzschild radius before the black hole has gone. Backreaction effects of Hawking radiation on the space–time metric are not considered, rather a purely kinematical point of view is taken here. The importance of choosing an appropriate time coordinate when describing physical processes in the vicinity of the Schwarzschild radius is emphasized. For a shrinking black hole, the true event horizon is found to be inside the sphere delimited by that radius.
The compositional architecture of the internet
Authors: Zave Pamela , Rexford Jennifer
Published: February 2019

A new model for describing the Internet reflects today's reality and the future's needs.
Metamorphic testing of driverless cars
Authors: Zhou Zhi Quan , Sun Liqun
Published: February 2019

Metamorphic testing can test untestable software, detecting fatal errors in autonomous vehicles' onboard computer systems.
Resource-efficient and Automated Image-based Indoor Localization
Authors: Niu Qun , Li Mingkuan , He Suining , Gao Chengying , Gary Chan S. -H. , Luo Xiaonan
Published: February 2019

Image-based indoor localization has aroused much interest recently because it requires no infrastructure support. Previous approaches on image-based localization, due to their computation and storage requirements, often process queries at servers. This does not scale well, incurs round-trip delay, and requires constant network connectivity. Many also require users to manually confirm the shortlisted matched landmarks, which is inconvenient, slow, and prone to selection error.

To overcome these limitations, we propose a

h

ighly

a

utomated (in terms of image confirmation after taking images)

i

mage-based

l

ocalization algorithm (HAIL), distributed in mobile devices. HAIL achieves resource efficiency (in terms of storage and processing) by keeping only distinguishing visual features for each landmark, and employing the efficient k-d tree to search for features. It further utilizes motion sensors and map constraints to enhance the localization accuracy without user operation. We have implemented HAIL on Android platforms and conducted extensive experiments in a food plaza and a premium shopping mall. Experimental results show that it achieves much higher localization accuracy (reducing the localization error by more than 20%) and computation efficiency (by more than 40% in time) as compared with the state-of-the-art approaches.
Known and Unknown Facts of LoRa
Authors: Liando Jansen C. , Gamage Amalinda , Tengourtius Agustinus W. , Li Mo
Published: February 2019

Long Range (LoRa) is a Low-power Wide-area Network technology designed for the Internet of Things. In recent years, it has gained significant momentum among industrial and research communities. Patented by Semtech, LoRa makes use of chirp spread spectrum modulation to deliver data with promises of long battery life, far-reaching communication distances, and a high node density at the cost of data rate. In this article, we conduct a series of experiments to verify the claims made by Semtech on LoRa technology. Our results show that LoRa is capable of communicating over 10km under line-of-sight environments. However, under non-line-of-sight environments, LoRa’s performance is severely affected by obstructions such as buildings and vegetations. Moreover, the promise of prolonged battery life requires extreme tuning of parameters. Last, a LoRa gateway supports up to 6,000 nodes with PRR requirement of >70%. This study also explores the relationship between LoRa transmission parameters and proposes an algorithm to determine optimal settings in terms of coverage and power consumption under non-line-of-sight environments. It further investigates the impact of LoRa Wide-area Networks on energy consumption and network capacity along with implementation of a LoRa medium access mechanism and possible gains brought forth by implementing such a mechanism.
Support for Carers of Young People with Mental Illness
Authors: Lederman Reeva , Gleeson John , Wadley Greg , D’alfonso Simon , Rice Simon , Santesteban-Echarri Olga , Alvarez-Jimenez Mario
Published: February 2019

In this article, we show how a technology-mediated mental health therapy involving psycho-education, therapist moderators, and social networking can provide support for carers of young people with mental illness. This multi-faceted tool provides opportunities for users to adapt the system to their needs, leading us to refocus the goal of treatment adherence toward a relatively new phenomenon in HCI, concordance, which has not previously been examined in the HCI literature in relation to online mental-health tools. Concordance shares important links with the development of therapeutic alliance, which is centrally important to mental health therapy, and to Self-Determination Theory (SDT), which informed our approach to design.

We present a three-month user study, which provides initial encouraging support for both the suitability of concordance as a lens for viewing user engagement and the idea that users can develop a therapeutic alliance with an online support system. This latter result is surprising as the phenomenon of therapeutic alliance generally describes a relationship between client and (human) clinician. Therapeutic alliance has previously been explored for face-to-face groups, and between individuals and online systems, but not for online groups. We show how even automated system behavior can encourage engagement from users and contribute to alliance formation, if the non-human parts of an online system are interactive. We argue that a design approach involving peer/moderator support as well as automated feedback, and which takes account of SDT, can provide support for therapeutic alliance.
Mental landscapes
Authors: Ricketts Delanie , Lockton Dan
Published: February 2019

This forum highlights conversations at the intersection of design methods and social studies of technology. By highlighting a diversity of perspectives on design interventions and programs, we aim to forge new connections between HCI design and communication, science and technology studies, and media studies scholarship.
--- Daniela Rosner, Editor
A Novel Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol With Dynamic Credential for WSNs
Authors: Yang Zheng , Lai Junyu , Sun Yingbing , Zhou Jianying
Published: February 2019

Public key cryptographic primitive (e.g., the famous Diffie-Hellman key agreement, or public key encryption) has recently been used as a standard building block in authenticated key agreement (AKA) constructions for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to provide perfect forward secrecy (PFS), where the expensive cryptographic operation (i.e., exponentiation calculation) is involved. However, realizing such complex computation on resource-constrained wireless sensors is inefficient and even impossible on some devices. In this work, we introduce a new AKA scheme with PFS for WSNs without using any public key cryptographic primitive. To achieve PFS, we rely on a new dynamic one-time authentication credential that is regularly updated in each session. In particular, each value of the authentication credential is wisely associated with at most one session key that enables us to fulfill the security goal of PFS. Furthermore, the proposed scheme enables the principals to identify whether they have been impersonated previously. We highlight that our scheme can be very efficiently implemented on sensors since only hash function and XOR operation are required.
Electronics need rare earths
Authors: Kirkpatrick Keith
Published: February 2019

Demand is expected to spike over the next few years, leading to higher prices and international trade issues.
Exoskeletons today
Authors: Shein Esther
Published: February 2019

Wearable mobile machines integrate people and machines to assist the movement-impaired, and amplify the capabilities of industrial and defense workers while protecting them from injury.
Guiding computers, robots to see and think
Authors: Hoffmann Leah
Published: February 2019

Fei-Fei Li, co-director of Stanford University's Human-Centered AI Institute, wants to create algorithms that can learn the way human babies do.
Learning from Multi-annotator Data
Authors: Zhan Xueying , Wang Yaowei , Rao Yanghui , Li Qing
Published: February 2019

In the field of sentiment analysis and emotion detection in social media, or other tasks such as text classification involving supervised learning, researchers rely more heavily on large and accurate labelled training datasets. However, obtaining large-scale labelled datasets is time-consuming and high-quality labelled datasets are expensive and scarce. To deal with these problems, online crowdsourcing systems provide us an efficient way to accelerate the process of collecting training data via distributing the enormous tasks to various annotators to help create large amounts of labelled data at an affordable cost. Nowadays, these crowdsourcing platforms are heavily needed in dealing with social media text, since the social network platforms (e.g., Twitter) generate huge amounts of data in textual form everyday. However, people from different social and knowledge backgrounds have different views on various texts, which may lead to noisy labels. The existing noisy label aggregation/refinement algorithms mostly focus on aggregating labels from noisy annotations, which would not guarantee their effectiveness on the subsequent classification/ranking tasks. In this article, we propose a noise-aware classification framework that integrates the steps of noisy label aggregation and classification. The aggregated noisy crowd labels are fed into a classifier for training, while the predicted labels are employed as feedback for adjusting the parameters at the label aggregating stage. The classification framework is suitable for directly running on crowdsourcing datasets and applies to various kinds of classification algorithms. The feedback strategy makes it possible for us to find optimal parameters instead of using known data for parameter selection. Simulation experiments demonstrate that our method provide significant label aggregation performance for both binary and multiple classification tasks under various noisy environments. Experimenting on real-world data validates the feasibility of our framework in real noise data and helps us verify the reasonableness of the simulated experiment settings.
Size-based queuing
Authors: Heilmann Florian , Fohler Gerhard
Published: February 2019

Ethernet has become one of the most researched network technologies for modern, safety-critical, distributed systems due to its maturity and low cost. Standard Ethernet, however, is unsuitable for safety-critical applications due to its lack of delivery guarantees and lack of delay bounds. The Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) task group proposes several extensions to Standard Ethernet to address these shortcomings. One of the proposed extensions is the Time-Aware Shaper (TAS, IEEE 802.1Qbv-2015) which introduces a gate mechanism that enables scheduled transmissions and minimal jitter for high-priority messages. In order to achieve low jitter for these messages, guard bands are inserted into the schedule of the other traffic classes to ensure that the outgoing link is idle when the transmission of the high-priority message is scheduled to occur. This can result in wasted bandwidth.

In this work, we propose Size-Based Queuing (SBQ) - an approach to improve bandwidth utilization in TSN networks that utilize TAS and guard bands. After a detailed description of SBQ, we provide a method to schedule an SBQ-enabled TSN network and conduct a qualitative analysis of the impact of SBQ on the transmission time of messages and the improvements on bandwidth utilization. We show that SBQ can reduce the amount of wasted bandwidth in a network, without impacting the transmission of high-priority messages or requiring extensive changes of the TSN network.
SDN-based configuration solution for IEEE 802.1 time sensitive networking (TSN)
Authors: Said Siwar Ben Hadj , Truong Quang Huy , Boc Michael
Published: February 2019

Maintenance and update of Time-Sensitive Network (TSN) configurations pose an immediate challenge on the "Time-to-Integrate" aspect of new devices and traffics: adding new communicating sensors on production lines, adding new Engine Control Units (ECUs) or new software applications in a car. Meanwhile, the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) approach has proven its effectiveness to ensure proper quality of service for ongoing traffics even in evolving topologies and its ability to integrate a multitude of features (configuration parameters, specific metric computation, etc.). In this regard, this paper investigates a first step in the instantiation of the fully centralized IEEE 802.1Qcc model using the SDN approach targeting industrial and automotive contexts. We discuss how SDN can speed-up the Time-to-Integrate process by analyzing how one of the most important TSN standards, i.e., IEEE 802.1AS can be configured in such a framework.
Reactive oxygen species modulate Na+-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 expression in piglet pulmonary arterial endothelial cells
Authors: Dikalova Anna E. , Aschner Judy L. , Zhang Yongmei , Kaplowitz Mark R. , Fike Candice D.
Published: February 2019

We have previously shown that Na+-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SNAT1) modulates nitric oxide (NO) production in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) from newborn piglets. Specifically, the ability to increase NO production in response to the l-arginine-NO precursor l-citrulline is dependent on SNAT1 expression. Elucidating factors that regulate SNAT1 expression in PAECs could provide new insights and therapeutic targets relevant to NO production. Our major goals were to determine if reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulate SNAT1 expression in PAECs from newborn piglets and to evaluate the role of NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) and uncoupled endothelial NO synthase, enzymatic sources of ROS, in hypoxia-induced increases in SNAT1 expression. Treatment with either H2O2 or xanthine plus xanthine oxidase increased SNAT1 expression in PAECs from newborn piglets cultured under normoxic conditions. Hypoxia-induced increases in SNAT1 expression were inhibited by treatments with the ROS-removing agents catalase and superoxide dismutase, NOX1 siRNA, and the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. Both tetrahydropbiopterin (BH4) and l-citrulline, two therapies that decrease ROS by recoupling endothelial NO synthase, reduced the hypoxia-induced increase in SNAT1 expression. BH4 and l-citrulline treatment improved NO production in hypoxic PAECs despite a reduction in SNAT1 expression. In conclusion, SNAT1 expression is modulated by ROS in PAECs from newborn piglets. However, ROS-mediated decreases in SNAT1 expression per se do not implicate a reduction in NO production. Although SNAT1 may be critical to l-citrulline-induced increases in NO production, therapies designed to alter SNAT1 expression may not lead to a concordant change in NO production.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Na+-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SNAT1) modulates nitric oxide (NO) production in piglet pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Factors that regulate SNAT1 expression in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells are unclear. Here, we show that ROS-reducing strategies inhibit hypoxia-induced increases in SNAT1 expression. l-Citrulline and tetrahydropbiopterin decrease SNAT1 expression but increase NO production. Although SNAT1 is modulated by ROS, changes in SNAT1 expression may not cause a concordant change in NO production.
Relation between resting sympathetic outflow and vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve bursts: sex differences in healthy young adults
Authors: Robinson Austin T. , Babcock Matthew C. , Watso Joseph C. , Brian Michael S. , Migdal Kamila U. , Wenner Megan M. , Farquhar William B.
Published: February 2019

Previous studies have demonstrated an inverse relation between resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and vasoconstrictor responsiveness (i.e., sympathetic transduction), such that those with high resting MSNA have low vascular responsiveness, and vice versa. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether biological sex influences the balance between resting MSNA and beat-to-beat sympathetic transduction. We measured blood pressure (BP) and MSNA during supine rest in 54 healthy young adults (27 females: 23 ± 4 yr, 107 ± 8/63 ± 8 mmHg; 27 males: 25 ± 3 yr, 115 ± 11/64 ± 7 mmHg; means ± SD). We quantified beat-to-beat fluctuations in mean arterial pressure (MAP, mmHg) and limb vascular conductance (LVC, %) for 10 cardiac cycles after each MSNA burst using signal averaging, an index of sympathetic vascular transduction. In females, there was no correlation between resting MSNA (burst incidence; burst/100 heartbeats) and peak ΔMAP ( r = −0.10, P = 0.62) or peak ΔLVC ( r = −0.12, P = 0.63). In males, MSNA was related to peak ΔMAP ( r = −0.50, P = 0.01) and peak ΔLVC ( r = 0.49, P = 0.03); those with higher resting MSNA had blunted increases in MAP and reductions in LVC in response to a burst of MSNA. In a sub-analysis, we performed a median split between high- versus low-MSNA status on ΔMAP and ΔLVC within each sex and found that only males demonstrated a significant difference in ΔMAP and ΔLVC between high- versus low-MSNA groups. These findings support an inverse relation between resting MSNA and sympathetic vascular transduction in males only and advance our understanding on the influence of biological sex on sympathetic nervous system-mediated alterations in beat-to-beat BP regulation.
Trombosis de la vena central de la retina (TVCR) bilateral asociada a síndrome de hiperviscosidad en una Macroglobulinemia de Waldenström (MW) - a propósito de un caso
Authors: Luco López Valentina Teresa , Muñoz López Camila Fernanda , González Monsalve Felipe Humberto , Araya Araya Álvaro Francisco , González Salazar Rafael
Published: February 2019

Introducción: la Macroglobulinemia de Waldenström (MW) es un tipo raro de linfoma de células B caracterizado por la proliferación de células linfoplasmocíticas que secretan altas cantidades de inmunoglobulinas M (IgM) monoclonales. Puede presentarse con una amplia gama de síntomas, entre ellos los derivados del aumento de la viscosidad plasmática. Métodos: reportamos un caso de MW que presentó una trombosis de la vena central de la retina (TVCR) bilateral en el contexto de un síndrome de hiperviscosidad (SHV). El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar algunos aspectos clínicos de la MW, con especial énfasis en el SHV y la TVCR.  Resultados: las manifestaciones clínicas y de laboratorio de la MW son inespecíficas y comunes a otras neoplasias hematológicas. El SHV se produce cuando los niveles de IgM sobrepasan los 3 mg/dL, situación que ocurre en un 15-30% de los pacientes. La TVCR es una complicación grave y rara asociada al SHV, presentándose típicamente como una pérdida de agudeza visual indolora. El fondo de ojo exhibe signos característicos, como tortuosidad venosa y hemorragias retinales hasta la periferia, y la angiografía con fluorosceína y la OCT pueden orientar al diagnóstico y guiar el manejo. El tratamiento incluye la plasmaféresis y tratamientos oftalmológicos basados en agentes antioangiogénicos. Conclusión: la MW es una enfermedad incurable. Sin embargo, es importante sospechar una TVCR en pacientes que debutan con una pérdida de agudeza visual, ya que existen tratamientos efectivos en el manejo de esta complicación.
Diseño, implementación y evaluación de la metodología Aprendizaje Servicio en la carrera de Fonoaudiología
Authors: Jeldes-Diaz Paz Ximena , González Cifuentes Tomás , Villagrán Gutiérrez Ignacio , Fouillioux Schalscha Carolina , Márquez Espinoza Constanza , Fuentes López Eduardo , Jouannet Valderrama Chantal
Published: February 2019

Introducción: el perfil de egreso de la carrera de Fonoaudiología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC) compromete que los estudiantes desarrollen habilidades transversales esenciales para entregar un servicio de excelencia. Para este desarrollo, uno de los elementos claves es que los cursos utilicen metodologías activas con desafíos progresivos y monitoreados. Una de estas metodologías es Aprendizaje Servicio (A+S). El objetivo de este estudio es describir el diseño, implementación y evaluación de la metodología A+S en el plan de estudios de la carrera de Fonoaudiología. Método: en base al modelo UC de institucionalización de A+S y un proyecto de docencia institucional adjudicado, se definen habilidades transversales a desarrollar en los cursos. Se inicia el proceso de incorporación de la metodología a través de un piloto y se aplican encuestas institucionales para evaluar los resultados de la implementación. Resultados: se seleccionan cinco cursos para trabajar las habilidades transversales de compromiso social, trabajo en equipo, habilidades comunicativas, pensamiento crítico y resolución de problemas en 3 niveles de desempeño según la progresión curricular del estudiante. Los alumnos manifiestan una alta contribución de la metodología al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, superando el 85% de aprobación en todos los cursos. El 100% de los profesores considera importante su incorporación en la malla curricular. Discusión: se logra adaptar e implementar un modelo de incorporación de la metodología A+S en la carrera de Fonoaudiología, lo que permite que los estudiantes tengan oportunidades de desarrollo de las habilidades transversales declaradas en el perfil de egreso, de manera organizada, monitoreada, y progresiva a lo largo del plan de estudios.