bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ce-Based Nanoparticles Loaded with Cisplatin for Tumour Radiotherapy
Authors: Sun Li , Jiang Chang , Li Wenhai , He Zelai , Wang Gengming , Cheng Cui , Chen Fuliang , Fu Xiaolong , Jiang Hao , Sun Qian
Published: January 2021

The combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is a common and useful treatment mode for tumours. But traditional methods inevitably lead to a variety of side effects. A drug delivery system (DDS), which has good biocompatibility and strong anti-tumour ability, is expected to solve
this problem. Studies have shown that Ce-based nanoparticles (NPs) have good radiosensitization effect through the photoelectric effect. Hence, cisplatin-loaded LiLuF4 :Ce3+scintillation NPs (NP + Cis) were first constructed in this study, which was synthesized by the
crystal precipitation method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Subsequently, its toxicity was verified, and the radiosensitization effect and basic radiosensitization mechanism on tumour cells and tumour-bearing mice were researched. Results showed that NP + Cis
triggered massive DNA damage and effectively inhibited cell viability in vitro under the exposure of X-ray irradiation (IR). Moreover, the experiments in vivo showed that the NP + Cis had higher biosafety, which could absorb enough irradiation and produce a synergistic inhibitory effect on
tumours through the releasing of Cis. NP + Cis can improve the performance of DDS in chemoradiotherapy.
Immune reconstitution and infectious complications following axicabtagene ciloleucel therapy for large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Baird John H. , Epstein David J. , Tamaresis John S. , Ehlinger Zachary , Spiegel Jay Y. , Craig Juliana , Claire Gursharan K. , Frank Matthew J. , Muffly Lori , Shiraz Parveen , Meyer Everett , Arai Sally , Brown Janice (Wes) , Johnston Laura , Lowsky Robert , Negrin Robert S. , Rezvani Andrew R. , Weng Wen-Kai , Latchford Theresa , Sahaf Bita , Mackall Crystal L. , Miklos David B. , Sidana Surbhi
Published: January 2021

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy targeting CD19 has significantly improved outcomes in the treatment of refractory or relapsed large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). We evaluated the long-term course of hematologic recovery, immune reconstitution, and infectious complications in 41 patients with LBCL treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) at a single center. Grade 3+ cytopenias occurred in 97.6% of patients within the first 28 days postinfusion, with most resolved by 6 months. Overall, 63.4% of patients received a red blood cell transfusion, 34.1% of patients received a platelet transfusion, 36.6% of patients received IV immunoglobulin, and 51.2% of patients received growth factor (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) injections beyond the first 28 days postinfusion. Only 40% of patients had recovered detectable CD19+ B cells by 1 year, and 50% of patients had a CD4+ T-cell count <200 cells per μL by 18 months postinfusion. Patients with durable responses to axi-cel had significantly longer durations of B-cell aplasia, and this duration correlated strongly with the recovery of CD4+ T-cell counts. There were significantly more infections within the first 28 days compared with any other period of follow-up, with the majority being mild-moderate in severity. Receipt of corticosteroids was the only factor that predicted risk of infection in a multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 3.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-16.5). Opportunistic infections due to Pneumocystis jirovecii and varicella-zoster virus occurred up to 18 months postinfusion in patients who prematurely discontinued prophylaxis. These results support the use of comprehensive supportive care, including long-term monitoring and antimicrobial prophylaxis, beyond 12 months after axi-cel treatment.
HIGH-2-LOW risk model to predict venous thromboembolism in allogeneic transplant patients after platelet engraftment
Authors: Martens Kylee L. , da Costa Wilson L. , Amos Christopher I. , Davis Chris , Kesten Madeline , Lee Stephanie J. , Zakai Neil A. , Garcia David A. , Li Ang
Published: January 2021

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a significant treatment-associated complication, although optimal timing of thromboprophylaxis remains uncertain when weighing concurrent risks of bleeding. We aimed to derive and internally validate a risk assessment model (RAM) using patients who underwent first allogeneic HCT from 2006 through 2015 (n = 1703). Index date was defined as the 30th day after transplant, at which point we estimated >75% of patients would have achieved platelet engraftment >50 × 109/L. Stepwise logistic regression modeling was used for model development, and internal validation was achieved by fitting a logistic regression model with 1000 bootstrapped resamples to estimate the optimism-corrected c-statistic. The final RAM, “HIGH-2-LOW,” included 7 predictors obtained at 30 days after transplant: History of catheter-related deep venous thrombosis (DVT), Inpatient at day 30, Graft-versus-host disease grade 3 to 4, History of pulmonary embolism or lower-extremity DVT, Lymphoma diagnosis, Obesity with body mass index ≥35 kg/m2, and White blood cell count ≥11 × 109/L. Approximately 16% of patients were stratified as high risk, with incident VTE rate of 10.3% at 100 days compared with 1.5% for those at low risk. VTE odds ratios at 100 days were 5.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.98-11.57) and 2.71 (95% CI, 1.38-5.35) in the high- and intermediate-risk vs low-risk groups, respectively. HIGH-2-LOW model serves as a novel and potentially clinically meaningful tool to identify high-risk allogeneic HCT patients who may benefit from early thromboprophylaxis after platelet engraftment.
UCD with MCD-like inflammatory state: surgical excision is highly effective
Authors: Zhang Miao-yan , Jia Ming-nan , Chen Jia , Feng Jun , Cao Xin-xin , Zhou Dao-bin , Fajgenbaum David C. , Zhang Lu , Li Jian
Published: January 2021

Unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder presenting as a single nodal mass with characteristic histopathology. Patients with UCD are typically asymptomatic with normal laboratory markers, whereas patients with multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) demonstrate multicentric lymphadenopathy and cytokine storm–induced systemic inflammatory symptoms. This retrospective analysis of 116 UCD cases identified 19 (16.4%) cases with an MCD-like inflammatory state (UCD-MIS). We compared treatments and outcomes between cases of UCD-MIS and UCD–non-MIS to evaluate the role of surgery and illuminate biological behavior of UCD-MIS. There were differences in the distribution of histopathological subtypes (plasmacytic histopathology was more frequently seen, 52.6% vs 13.4%; P < .001) between the 2 groups. However, both groups demonstrated good responses to surgical treatment, suggesting that UCD-MIS in some patients still shared common biological behavior with UCD in other patients. Sixteen (94.2%) patients with UCD-MIS underwent complete surgical excision alone, and the systemic inflammation resolved completely in all of them. This high response rate suggests surgical treatment as a potential cure for this unique subset of patients. After a median follow-up duration of 64 months (range, 2-239 months), neither lymphadenopathy nor the inflammatory state recurred. However, inflammation may progress in patients with irresectable disease, and treatment options other than surgery should be considered in these patients.
Genome-wide identification, evolution and expression analysis of the aspartic protease gene family during rapid growth of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) shoots
Authors: Wang Xiaqin , Yan Xinyang , Li Shubin , Jing Yun , Gu Lianfeng , Zou Shuangquan , Zhang Jin , Liu Bobin
Published: January 2021

Background

Aspartic proteases (APs) are a class of aspartic peptidases belonging to nine proteolytic enzyme families whose members are widely distributed in biological organisms. APs play essential functions during plant development and environmental adaptation. However, there are few reports about APs in fast-growing moso bamboo.

Result

In this study, we identified a total of 129 AP proteins (PhAPs) encoded by the moso bamboo genome. Phylogenetic and gene structure analyses showed that these 129 PhAPs could be divided into three categories (categories A, B and C). The PhAP gene family in moso bamboo may have undergone gene expansion, especially the members of categories A and B, although homologs of some members in category C have been lost. The chromosomal location of PhAPs suggested that segmental and tandem duplication events were critical for PhAP gene expansion. Promoter analysis revealed that PhAPs in moso bamboo may be involved in plant development and responses to environmental stress. Furthermore, PhAPs showed tissue-specific expression patterns and may play important roles in rapid growth, including programmed cell death, cell division and elongation, by integrating environmental signals such as light and gibberellin signals.

Conclusion

Comprehensive analysis of the AP gene family in moso bamboo suggests that PhAPs have experienced gene expansion that is distinct from that in rice and may play an important role in moso bamboo organ development and rapid growth. Our results provide a direction and lay a foundation for further analysis of plant AP genes to clarify their function during rapid growth.
Endothelial glycocalyx damage in kidney disease correlates with uraemic toxins and endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Liew Hui , Roberts Matthew A. , Pope Alun , McMahon Lawrence P.
Published: January 2021

Background

Damage to the endothelial glycocalyx is an early indicator of vascular damage and a potential marker of endothelial dysfunction. This study aimed to assess the relationship between markers of glycocalyx damage, endothelial dysfunction, and uraemic toxins in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Methods

Healthy controls, CKD patients, dialysis patients, and kidney transplant recipients had biochemical markers of glycocalyx damage (syndecan-1 and hyaluronan), endothelial dysfunction (von Willebrand factor; vWF and vascular cell adhesion molecule; VCAM-1), and uraemic toxins (indoxyl sulphate and p-cresyl sulphate) measured. In addition, Sidestream Darkfield imaging was performed using the novel GlycoCheck™ device to measure glycocalyx width by the perfused boundary region (PBR) in the sublingual microcirculation.

Results

Serum markers of glycocalyx damage were highest in the dialysis group (n = 33), followed by CKD patients (n = 32) and kidney transplant recipients (n = 30) compared to controls (n = 30): hyaluronan: 137 (16-1414), 79 (11–257), 57 (14–218) and 23 (8-116) ng/mL, respectively, p < 0.0001; syndecan-1: 81 (40–529), 46 (21–134), 39 (23–72), and 30 (12–138) ng/mL, respectively, p < 0.0001. Markers of endothelial dysfunction followed a similar pattern. No difference in the width of the PBR was detected between these groups (2.01 ± 0.35, 2.07 ± 0.27, 2.06 ± 0.28, and 2.05 ± 0.3 µm, respectively, p = 0.89). Glycocalyx damage correlated with markers of endothelial dysfunction (log-hyaluronan and log-VCAM-1: r = 0.64, p < 0.001) and levels of uraemic toxins (log-hyaluronan and log-indoxyl sulphate: r = 0.48, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Levels of biochemical markers of glycocalyx and endothelial cell damage are highest in patients receiving dialysis. Glycocalyx and endothelial damage markers correlated with each other, and with uraemic toxins. Although we could not demonstrate a change in PBR, the biochemical markers suggest that glycocalyx damage is most marked in patients with higher levels of uraemic toxins.
Risk factors for excessive gestational weight gain in a UK population: a biopsychosocial model approach
Authors: Garay S. M. , Sumption L. A. , Pearson R. M. , John R. M.
Published: January 2021

Background

Gestational weight gain (GWG) can have implications for the health of both mother and child. However, the contributing factors remain unclear. Despite the advantages of using a biopsychosocial approach, this approach has not been applied to study GWG in the UK. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of excessive GWG in a UK population, employing a biopsychosocial model.

Methods

This study utilised data from the longitudinal Grown in Wales (GiW) cohort, which recruited women in late pregnancy in South Wales. Specifically, data was collected from midwife recorded notes and an extensive questionnaire completed prior to an elective caesarean section (ELCS) delivery. GWG was categorised according to Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines. The analysis was undertaken for 275 participants.

Results

In this population 56.0% of women had excessive GWG. Increased prenatal depression symptoms (Exp(B)=1.10,p=.019) and an overweight (Exp(B)=4.16,p<.001) or obese (Exp(B)=4.20,p=.010) pre-pregnancy BMI, consuming alcohol in pregnancy (Exp(B)=.37,p=.005) and an income of less than £18,000 (Exp(B)=.24,p=.043) and £25–43,000 (Exp(B)=.25,p=.002) were associated with excessive GWG.

Conclusion

GWG is complex and influenced by a range of biopsychosocial factors, with the high prevalence of excessive weight gain in this population a cause for concern. Women in the UK may benefit from a revised approach toward GWG within the National Health Service (NHS), such as tracking weight gain throughout pregnancy. Additionally, this research provides evidence for potential targets for future interventions, and potentially at-risk populations to target, to improve GWG outcomes.
Exploring wealth-related inequalities in maternal and child health coverage in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Colomé-Hidalgo Manuel , Campos Juan Donado , de Miguel Ángel Gil
Published: January 2021

Background

Maternal and child health have shown important advances in the world in recent years. However, national averages indicators hide large inequalities in access and quality of care in population subgroups. We explore wealth-related inequalities affecting health coverage and interventions in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Methods

We analyzed representative national surveys from 15 countries conducted between 2001 and 2016. We estimated maternal-child health coverage gaps using the Composite Coverage Index – a weighted average of interventions that include family planning, maternal and newborn care, immunizations, and treatment of sick children. We measured absolute and relative inequality to assess gaps by wealth quintile. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to test the association between the coverage gap and population attributable risk.

Results

The Composite Coverage Index showed patterns of inequality favoring the wealthiest subgroups. In eight countries the national coverage was higher than the global median (78.4%; 95% CI: 73.1–83.6) and increased significantly as inequality decreased (Pearson r = 0.9; p < 0.01).

Conclusions

There are substantial inequalities between socioeconomic groups. Reducing inequalities will improve coverage indicators for women and children. Additional health policies, programs, and practices are required to promote equity.
Monitoring mosquito nuisance for the development of a citizen science approach for malaria vector surveillance in Rwanda
Authors: Murindahabi Marilyn Milumbu , Takken Willem , Misago Xavier , Niyituma Elias , Umupfasoni Jackie , Hakizimana Emmanuel , van Vliet Arnold J. H. , Poortvliet P. Marijn , Mutesa Leon , Murindahabi Nathalie Kayiramirwa , Koenraadt Constantianus J. M.
Published: January 2021

Background

Many countries, including Rwanda, have mosquito monitoring programmes in place to support decision making in the fight against malaria. However, these programmes can be costly, and require technical (entomological) expertise. Involving citizens in data collection can greatly support such activities, but this has not yet been thoroughly investigated in a rural African context.

Methods

Prior to the implementation of such a citizen-science approach, a household entomological survey was conducted in October–November 2017 and repeated one year later in Busoro and Ruhuha sectors, in southern and eastern province of Rwanda, respectively. The goal was to evaluate the perception of mosquito nuisance reported by citizens as a potential indicator for malaria vector hotspots. Firstly, mosquito abundance and species composition were determined using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps inside the houses. Secondly, household members were interviewed about malaria risk factors and their perceived level of mosquito nuisance.

Results

Tiled roofs, walls made of mud and wood, as well as the number of occupants in the house were predictors for the number of mosquitoes (Culicidae) in the houses, while the presence of eaves plus walls made of mud and wood were predictors for malaria vector abundance. Perception of mosquito nuisance reported indoors tended to be significantly correlated with the number of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) and Culicidae collected indoors, but this varied across years and sectors. At the village level, nuisance also significantly correlated with An. gambiae s.l. and total mosquito density, but only in 2018 while not in 2017.

Conclusions

Perception of mosquito nuisance denoted in a questionnaire survey could be used as a global indicator of malaria vector hotspots. Hence, involving citizens in such activities can complement malaria vector surveillance and control.
Common variants in MAEA gene contributed the susceptibility to osteoporosis in Han Chinese postmenopausal women
Authors: Cai Xuan , Dong Jun , Lu Teng , Zhi Liqiang , He Xijing
Published: January 2021

Background

Osteoporosis (OP) is a complex bone metabolism disorder characterized by the loss of bone minerals and an increased risk of bone fracture. A recent study reported the relationship of the macrophage erythroblast attacher gene (MAEA) with low bone mineral density in postmenopausal Japanese women. Our study aimed to investigate the association of MAEA with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) in Han Chinese individuals.

Methods

A total of 968 unrelated postmenopausal Chinese women comprising 484 patients with PMOP and 484 controls were recruited. Four tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that covered the gene region of MAEA were chosen for genotyping. Single SNP and haplotypic association analyses were performed, and analysis of variance was conducted to test the correlation between blood MAEA protein level and genotypes of associated SNPs.

Results

SNP rs6815464 was significantly associated with the risk of PMOP. The C allele of rs6815464 was strongly correlated with the decreased risk of PMOP in our study subjects (OR[95% CI]=0.75[0.63-0.89], P=0.0015). Significant differences in MAEA protein blood levels among genotypes of SNP rs6815464 were identified in both the PMOP (F=6.82, P=0.0012) and control groups (F=11.5, P=0.00001). The C allele was positively associated with decreased MAEA protein levels in blood.

Conclusion

This case-control study on Chinese postmenopausal women suggested an association between SNP rs6815464 of MAEA and PMOP. Further analyses showed that genotypes of SNP rs6815464 were also associated with the blood level of MAEA protein.
Abnormal bone mineral density and content in girls with early-onset anorexia nervosa
Authors: Clarke Julia , Peyre Hugo , Alison Marianne , Bargiacchi Anne , Stordeur Coline , Boizeau Priscilla , Mamou Grégor , Crépon Sophie Guilmin , Alberti Corinne , Léger Juliane , Delorme Richard
Published: January 2021

Background

Early-onset anorexia nervosa (EO-AN) represents a significant clinical burden to paediatric and mental health services. The impact of EO-AN on bone mineral abnormalities has not been thoroughly investigated due to inadequate control for pubertal status. In this study, we investigated bone mineral abnormalities in girls with EO-AN regardless of pubertal development stage.

Method

We conducted a cross-sectional study of 67 girls with EO-AN (median age = 12.4 [10.9–13.7 years]) after a median duration of disease of 1.3 [0.6–2.0] years, and 67 healthy age-, sex-, pubertal status- matched control subjects. We compared relevant bone mineral parameters between groups: the total body bone mineral density [TB-BMD], the lumbar spine BMD [LS-BMD], the total body bone mineral content [TB-BMC] and the ratio of the TB-BMC to lean body mass [TB-BMC/LBM].

Results

TB-BMD, TB-BMC, LS-BMD and TB-BMC/LBM were all significantly lower in patients with AN compared to controls. In the EO-AN group, older age, later pubertal stages and higher lean body mass were associated with higher TB-BMC, TB-BMD, and LS-BMD values.

Discussion

Girls with EO-AN displayed deficits in bone mineral content and density after adjustment for pubertal maturation. Age, higher pubertal stage and lean body mass were identified as determinants of bone maturation in the clinical population of patients with EO-AN. Bone health should be promoted in patients, specifically in those with an onset of disorder before 14 years old and with a delayed puberty.
Digital technology dilemma: on unlocking the soil quality index conundrum
Authors: Obade Vincent de Paul , Gaya Charles
Published: January 2021

Knowledge of the interactions between soil systems, management practices, and climatic extremes are critical for prescription-based sustainable practices that reduce environmental pollution/footprints, disruption of food supply chains, food contamination, and thus improve socio-economic wellbeing. Soil quality status and dynamics under climate change present both a hazard which may not be remedied by simply adding chemicals or improved by crop varieties, and an opportunity (e.g., by indicating impact of a shift in land use) although the specifics remain debatable. This entry not only revisits the science of soil quality determination but also explicates on intricacies of monitoring using big data generated continuously and integrated using the “internet of things.” Indeed, relaying credible soil quality information especially for heterogeneous soils at field scale is constrained by challenges ranging from data artifacts and acquisition timing differences, vague baselines, validation challenges, scarcity of robust standard algorithms, and decision support tools. With the advent of digital technology, modern communication networks, and advancement in variable rate technologies (VRT), a new era has dawned for developing automated scalable and synthesized soil quality metrics. However, before digital technology becomes the routine tool for soil quality sensing and monitoring, there is need to understand the issues and concerns. This contribution not only exemplifies a unique application of digital technology to detect residue cover but also deliberates on the following questions: (1) is digital agriculture the missing link for integrating, understanding the interconnectivity, and ascertaining the provenance between soil quality, agronomic production, environmental health, and climate dynamics? and (2) what are the technological gaps?
Cerebellar long-term depression and auto-immune target of auto-antibodies: the concept of LTDpathies
Authors: Mitoma Hiroshi , Honnorat Jerome , Yamaguchi Kazuhiko , Manto Mario
Published: January 2021

There is general agreement that auto-antibodies against ion channels and synaptic machinery proteins can induce limbic encephalitis. In immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias (IMCAs), various synaptic proteins, such as GAD65, voltage-gated Ca channel (VGCC), metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 (mGluR1), and glutamate receptor delta (GluR delta) are auto-immune targets. Among them, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying anti-VGCC, anti-mGluR1, and anti-GluR delta antibodies remain unclear. Despite divergent auto-immune and clinical profiles, these subtypes show common clinical features of good prognosis with no or mild cerebellar atrophy in non-paraneoplastic syndrome. The favorable prognosis reflects functional cerebellar disorders without neuronal death. Interestingly, these autoantigens are all involved in molecular cascades for induction of long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmissions between parallel fibers (PFs) and Purkinje cells (PCs), a crucial mechanism of synaptic plasticity in the cerebellum. We suggest that anti-VGCC, anti-mGluR1, and anti-GluR delta Abs-associated cerebellar ataxias share one common pathophysiological mechanism: a deregulation in PF-PC LTD, which results in impairment of restoration or maintenance of the internal model and triggers cerebellar ataxias. The novel concept of LTDpathies could lead to improvements in clinical management and treatment of cerebellar patients who show these antibodies.
Glucocorticoids and the Brain after Critical Illness
Authors: Hill Alice R , Spencer-Segal Joanna L
Published: January 2021

Treatment for critical illness typically focuses on a patient’s short-term physical recovery; however, recent work has broadened our understanding of the long-term implications of illness and treatment strategies. In particular, survivors of critical illness have significantly elevated risk of developing lasting cognitive impairment and psychiatric disorders. In this review, we examine the role of endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids in neuropsychiatric outcomes following critical illness. Illness is marked by acute elevation of free cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone suppression, which typically normalize after recovery; however, prolonged dysregulation can sometimes occur. High glucocorticoid levels can cause lasting alterations to the plasticity and structural integrity of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, and this mechanism may plausibly contribute to impaired memory and cognition in critical illness survivors, though specific evidence is lacking. Glucocorticoids may also exacerbate inflammation-associated neural damage. Conversely, current evidence indicates that glucocorticoids during illness may protect against the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. We propose future directions for research in this field, including determining the role of persistent glucocorticoid elevations after illness in neuropsychiatric outcomes, the role of systemic vs neuroinflammation, and probing unexplored lines of investigation on the role of mineralocorticoid receptors and the gut–brain axis. Progress toward personalized medicine in this area has the potential to produce tangible improvements to the lives patients after a critical illness, including Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Fracture Prediction Based on Evaluation of Initial Porosity Induced By Direct Energy Deposition
Authors: Darabi Roya , Azinpour Erfan , Cesar de Sa Jose , Machado Margarida , Reis Ana Rosanete , Hodek Josef , Dzugan Jan
Published: January 2021

Additive manufacturing (AM) of metals proved to be beneficial in many industrial and non-industrial areas due to its low material waste and fast stacking speed to fabricate high performance products. The present contribution addresses several known challenges including mechanical behaviour and porosity analysis on directed energy deposition (DED) manufactured stainless steel 316L components. The experimental methodology consisting of metal deposition procedure, hardness testing and fractographic observations on manufactured mini-tensile test samples is described. A ductile fracture material model based on the Rousselier damage criterion is utilized within a FE framework for evaluation of material global response and determination of initial porosity value representing the structure’s nucleating void population. Alternatively, the initial pore sizes are characterized using the generalized mixture rule (GMR) analysis and the validity of the approach is examined against the experimental results.
Absolute distance measurement with a gain-switched dual optical frequency comb
Authors: Hei Kefei , Anandarajah Kaszubowska , Martin Eamonn P. , Shi Guang , Anandarajah Prince M. , Bhattacharya Nandini
Published: January 2021

The measurement of distance plays an important role in many aspects of modern societies. In this paper, an absolute distance measurement method for arbitrary distance is proposed and demonstrated using mode-resolved spectral interferometry with a gain-switched dual comb. An accuracy of 12 µm, when compared to a He-Ne fringe counting laser interferometer, for a displacement up to 2.5 m is demonstrated by tuning the repetition frequency of the dual comb from 1.1 GHz to 1.4 GHz. The compact measurement system based on a gain-switched dual comb breaks the constraint of periodic ambiguity. The simplification and improvements are significant for further industrial applications.
Pattern recognition in distributed fiber-optic acoustic sensor using an intensity and phase stacked convolutional neural network with data augmentation
Authors: Wu Huan , Zhou Bin , Zhu Kun , Shang Chao , Tam Hwa-Yaw , Lu Chao
Published: January 2021

Distributed acoustic sensors (DASs) have the capability of registering faint vibrations with high spatial resolution along the sensing fiber. Advanced algorithms are important for DAS in many applications since they can help extract and classify the unique signatures of different types of vibration events. Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which have powerful spectro-temporal feature learning capability, are well suited for event classification in DAS. Generally, these data-driven methods are highly dependent on the availability of large quantities of training data for learning a mapping from input to output. In this work, to fully utilize the collected information and maximize the power of CNNs, we propose a method to enlarge the useful dataset for CNNs from two aspects. First, we propose an intensity and phase stacked CNN (IP-CNN) to utilize both the intensity and phase information from a DAS with coherent detection. Second, we propose to use data augmentation to further increase the training dataset size. The influence of different data augmentation methods on the performance of the proposed CNN architecture is thoroughly investigated. The experimental results show that the proposed IP-CNN with data augmentation produces a classification accuracy of 88.2% on our DAS dataset with 1km sensing length. This indicates that the usage of both intensity and phase information together with the enlarged training dataset after data augmentation can greatly improve the classification accuracy, which is useful for DAS pattern recognition in real applications.
Rhetorical tops in the semantic organization of the polemical text of the 17th century (based on the material "Letter ..." by Fedor Ivanov)
Authors:   Вологодский строительный колледж, Загуменнов Александр Владимирович
Published: January 2021

Цель настоящего исследования заключается в выявлении риторических топов, организующих смысловую систему текста эпохи раннего старообрядчества. Актуальность работы, во-первых, обусловлена недостаточной изученностью творчества Федора Иванова – одного из самых авторитетных богословов в среде раскольников; во-вторых – возрождающимся интересом к риторике, а в-третьих – парадигмальной необходимостью построения истории языка на антропоцентрических основаниях. К сожалению, теоретических трудов диахронического плана в указанном русле не так много, а инструментарий средств у разработок на базе современного состояния речевой культуры не адаптирован к специфике лингвистического материала XVII столетия. В качестве методов исследования применяются: описание, контекстный анализ, реконструкция и моделирование. В статье обосновывается наличие разветвленных смысловых отношений, оформленных термами соответствующих риторических топов в сочинении. Результаты настоящего исследования могут быть полезны как факты исторической стилистики и как основа для последующих сравнительно-сопоставительных работ в области диахронической риторики, что может найти применение в соответствующих университетских курсах и спецкурсах.
N.V. Gogol in the Artistic Consciousness of M.M. Zoshchenko
Authors:   Бурятский государственный университет имени Доржи Банзарова (Улан-Удэ), Колмакова Оксана Анатольевна
Published: January 2021

Предмет исследования в данной статье – художественная рефлексия творческого наследия Н.В. Гоголя и его биографической личности в произведениях М.М. Зощенко. Создавая тексты в форме сказовой новеллы, Зощенко апеллирует к своему великому предшественнику, ставшему родоначальником русской сказовой традиции. Свой «диалог» классик ХХ столетия ведет и с отдельными гоголевскими произведениями, влияние которых обнаруживается в зощенковских текстах на мотивно-образном уровне. При этом уже в ранней прозе Зощенко текстуальные совпадения с Гоголем могут иметь пародийно-игровую направленность. Сама личность Гоголя становится для Зощенко как объектом полемики, так и образцом для неосознанного подражания. Полемическое отношение к Гоголю у Зощенко проявляется в таком приеме как демифологизация образа писателя-классика, превращенного из творца художественной реальности в ее часть – литературного персонажа. В зрелом творчестве Зощенко создает свой, во многом автопсихологический, миф о Гоголе, связанный с ощущением трагического разлада в собственной личности.
Vladimir Chivilikhin in the Creative Destiny of Valentine Rasputin
Authors:   Иркутский государственный университет, Иванова Валентина Яковлевна
Published: January 2021

На основе воспоминаний Е. Чивилихиной, В. Чивилихина, В. Распутина, А. Вампилова, В. Шугаева, А. Овчаренко, а также писем, дневников и других документов, публикаций в газетах и журналах 1965-1970 годов, поздних интервью Валентина Распутина реконструируются обстоятельства заочного знакомства и первой встречи Владимира Чивилихина с красноярским журналистом Валентином Распутиным на Читинском семинаре молодых писателей Сибири и Дальнего Востока, определившем выбор творческого пути будущего писателя. Восстанавливаются детали переписки и встречи, чувства, ожидания. Раскрывается роль произведений Владимира Чивилихина в выборе тематики статей журналиста Валентина Распутина за несколько лет до их знакомства, в том числе в период его работы в Красноярске. Рассматриваются общность судеб, особенности характеров, определивших внутреннее родство учителя и ученика, общность интересов и взглядов. Выделяется преемственность гражданской позиции двух писателей, тематики их произведений, связи отдельных мотивов, образов.
Percularities of Altered Linguistic Consciousness in Mental Disorders
Authors:   Алтайский государственный педагогический университет (Барнаул), Шпильная Надежда Николаевна
Published: January 2021

Исследуется измененное языковое сознание, наблюдаемое при психических расстройствах. Измененное языковое сознание рассматривается как такое состояние сознания, которое возникает вследствие нервно-психологической патологии. В статье представлен анализ форм проявления полифонии измененного языкового сознания при психических расстройствах и ключевых идей, формирующих его. Материалом для анализа послужили дневниковые записи больных (50 единиц записей «голосов») и результаты опроса (беседы) с носителями языка, имеющими психические расстройства. В опросе приняли участие 15 человек. Для описания измененного языкового сознания вводятся такие термины, как невербализуемая личность и невербализуемые высказывания. Анализ материала исследования позволил выделить две формы проявления полифонии измененного языкового сознания – диалог и полилог. Диалог представлен в форме разговора невербализуемой языковой личности и реальной языковой личности. Полилог представлен в форме разговора реальной языковой личности одновременно с несколькими невербализуемыми языковыми личностями. На основе анализа дневниковых записей выделены следующие ключевые идеи, формирующие языковое сознание носителя языка, имеющего психические расстройства: актуализация символической функции объекта действительности, идея организованной слежки, идея эгоцентризма, вера в свои сверхъестественные (экстрасенсорные) способности.
Images of Love, War and Fashion in the Ideological and Semantic Field of T. I. Plotnikova's Works
Authors:   Алтайский государственный педагогический университет (Барнаул), Ан Светлана Андреевна , Редько Яна Петровна
Published: January 2021

В статье рассматривается эстетически-нравственная основа творчества барнаульской поэтессы и художницы Т.И. Плотниковой. Акценты ставятся на образах войны, любви и моды. Дается представление об особенностях графики Т.И. Плотниковой. Мягкость и размытость точечной техники органично воплощает сюжеты и образы рисунков, которые носят обобщенный и символический характер. Детали метафоричны и служат наиболее полному воплощению идеи, заключенной в образе. Сочетание подлинного реализма с волшебством романтических ощущений придает творчеству Т. Плотниковой особую выразительность, а некоторая наивность в поэтических, графических образах делают ее художественную стилистику своеобразной и поистине неповторимой. В творчестве Тамары Плотниковой транслируются всепоглощающие образы любви в стремлении друг к другу, чем передается авторское уважение к человеку, выявляется его достоинство, благоговение перед природой. В ее стихах, графике и живописи образы любви высвечивают ценность личности любящего, направленную на ценность личности объекта любви. Ибо любящий дает любимому новое измерение своей сущности – быть «для него». Любовь для личности является дополнением к ее ценности, приданием смысла ее бытию.
Religious Allusions in the Novel "Les Perroquets de la place d'Arezzo" by Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt
Authors:   МБОУ СОШ № 28 (Кемерово), Вдовиченко Елизавета Анатольевна , Лушникова Галина Игоревна ,   Гуманитарно-педагогическая академия (филиал Крымского федерального университета имени В.И. Вернадского в г. Ялте)
Published: January 2021

В данной статье освещены такие постмодернистские черты современного романа «Попугаи с площади Ареццо» (2013) бельгийского писателя и философа Эрика-Эмманюэля Шмитта, как фрагментарность, жанровый синкретизм, разные типы повествования, интертекстуальность. Интертекстуальность является неотъемлемой чертой постмодернистской художественной литературы, так как позволяет по-иному осмыслить идею текста. Особое внимание авторы статьи уделили изучению значений религиозных аллюзий в заглавиях частей романа, так как они дают толчок для соположения и сопоставления библейского и авторского сюжетов. Было выявлено, что в множестве сюжетных линий, развивающихся в произведении Эрика-Эмманюэля Шмитта, имеется та, которая имеет особенно явное соответствие в развитии событий представленным в названиях религиозным аллюзиям. Также авторы данной статьи отметили, что основной функцией изученных аллюзий в современном романе «Попугаи с площади Ареццо» является напоминание читателю о благой вести, знаках судьбы, праведной жизни.
The Problem of Legitimization in Political Discourse (Case Study of Utterances on Pension Reform)
Authors:   Кемеровский государственный университет, Мельник Наталья Владимировна , Артемова Ксения Александровна ,   Кемеровский государственный университет, МАОУ "Гимназия № 42"
Published: January 2021

Данная статья посвящена лингвоперсонологическому осмыслению проблемы легитимизации, которая является актуальной для политической сферы коммуникации, и способам её решения в лингвистическом аспекте. В ней мы рассмотрели понятия «легитимность», «легитимизация» в политическом дискурсе и стратегии и тактики легитимизирующей деятельности Президента РФ В.В. Путина и лидеров оппозиционных партий В.В. Жириновского (ЛДПР), С.М. Миронова (Справедливая Россия) и Г.А. Зюганова (КПРФ). Данные стратегии и тактики были выделены в результате анализа высказываний политиков о пенсионной реформе, которые получены методом сплошной выборки, а затем систематизированы в группы в соответствии с определенными стратегиями и тактиками. В статье также рассматривается то, с какой целью используются данные стратегии и тактики, так как основная, государственная цель – это проведение пенсионной реформы, но политики оппозиционных партий могут преследовать свои: самоутверждение среди граждан или обвинение правящей партии.
DETERMINATION OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS OF GAS TURBINE BLADES BASED ON COORDINATE MEASUREMENT BY STRUCTURAL AND PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS METHODS
Authors: Bezjazychnyj V. F. , Vinogradov K. A. , Vinogradova O. V.
Published: January 2021

A method for determining the parameters of the turbine blades geometry (angles of the inlet and outlet edges, thickness, etc.), as well as the coordinates of the centers of gravity of the blades (height) according to the coordinate measurements of the profiles is proposed. These parameters are used to evaluate the gas-dynamic efficiency of the blade row and the strength characteristics of the turbine blades on the basis of one-dimensional and two-dimensional models widely used in engineering practice.
EVALUATION OF PARAMETERS DETERMINING PROCESS CAPABILITIES OF MANDRELS WITH SPLIT COLLETS
Authors: Blinov D. S. , Klakotsky P. V.
Published: January 2021

In order to fasten blanks such as rings, bushings, cups and shells, especially thin-walled ones, the use is made of a great number of devices. The previous article contained the review of the devices used and the definition of their structure with split collets, which are highly precise and wide-range, i.e. the most preferable. The devices with split collets are selected as a study object and the task was set to expand a range of diameters of blanks fixed in them while maintaining the collet strength. Developed in this article is a deformation mechanism of the split collet at its unclamping by the shaft conical section. The developed mechanism, with account of the results from the earlier performed studies on determination of the split collet strain-stress behavior, was taken as a basis for the approximated method of calculation the devices with split collets. With the use of the mentioned calculation the analysis was made of the split collet parameters which make it possible to expand a range of diameters of blanks being fixed while maintaining the collet strength. Shape and sizes of a collet belong to such parameters. While considering the variants of the coupling external profile it is necessary to be guided by the process capabilities of a simple and inexpensive method of the mentioned profile manufacture. In order to evaluate the influence of different variants of the coupling external profile shape on process capabilities of the device it is necessary to carry out the comparative calculations by the finite element method. The obtained results of the comparative calculations and their analysis are supposed to be published in the next article.
THE USE OF DIAMOND-LIKE FILMS TO INCREASE THE DURABILITY OF END MILLS
Authors: Lieberman Yu. L. , Shterenson V. A.
Published: January 2021

Modern engineering is focused on high-tech reliable automated equipment, the use of which is effective in the presence of high-quality wear-resistant tools. The article discusses the results of the study DLC-films end mills resistance in structural carbon and alloy steels processing. Coatings were obtained by cathodic pulse sputtering of graphite in a vacuum chamber. There are presented results of the study of the influence of diamond-like (DLC) films on the end mills wear resistance. It is shown that the application of diamond-like films on the end mills uniquely increases the resistance of the mills, but differences in this issue for mills of different diameters are revealed. The results of the study of the influence of the pulse frequency of spraying in the formation of the coating on the cutting properties of end mills are also presented. It is established that the increase in the pulse frequency during cathode sputtering of graphite in vacuum when applying a diamond-like film leads to an increase in the resistance of end mills. The results of this work can be useful in Metalworking of structural steels with end mills.
GENERAL INFORMATION FROM MATHEMATICS, MECHANICS, PHYSICS, THEORIES OF MECHANISMS AND MACHINES. THE FIRST INTRODUCTORY LECTURE
Authors: Nizhegorodov A. I.
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the material of the first introductory lecture on the discipline “Theory of hoisting and transport, construction, road vehicles and equipment”. The focus is on the key information from geometry, trigonometry, the theory of vibrational processes, the kinematics of rotational motion of bodies, the basic laws of mechanics and its theorems, the work and power of mechanical systems. The subject of the first lecture is devoted to the most important information from Mathematics, Mechanics, Physics, Theory of mechanisms and machines and other courses. Students can use it to revise the previously studied material. Based on the information of the article the education material on the course is given in accordance with the course steering document (eighteen lectures in total).
ANALYSIS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY PRODUCTS BY THE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCTS OF A PUBLIC JOINT-STOCK COMPANY “PROMTRACTOR”
Authors: Parfenyeva I. E. , Vyacheslavova O. F. , Matrosova V. V.
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the data on the management of the technical condition of agricultural machinery objects, presents basic information on warranty service of products of public joint stock company “Promtractor”, provides diagrams showing the procedure for work from the date of delivery of products to the buyer until the end of the warranty period for products.
TECHNOLOGY OF COMBINED ELECTROMECHANICAL TREATMENT WITH PROFILE ROLLING
Authors: Edigarov V. R.
Published: January 2021

The technology of combined electromechanical treatment with profile rolling is presented, which is a combination of electromechanical treatment and surface plastic deformation, which allows to create on the surface directed regular microrelief. The proposed technology is tested during processing of parts of multipurpose tracked and wheeled machines operating under difficult loading conditions, signalternating dynamic loads, often with limited lubricant or presence of abrasive in its composition. Reasonable selection of relief (pattern) of treated surface makes it possible to maximize retention of lubricating material in zone of tribocontact, as well as to increase wear resistance of parts and to create residual compression stresses in surface layer. The mechanical properties of the surface layer of the sample with a strengthened geometric pattern by changing the microhardness of the smoothed surface and oil pockets (channels) obtained by surface plastic deformation were examined. Electromechanical treatment by rolling the profile makes it possible to create on the surface a strengthened surface layer with naturally varying parameters with the specified regular micro-relief including oil pockets (channels) and reinforced tracks, at the same time considerable increase of wear resistance of triboscreating is provided.
THE ANALYSIS OF LEGISLATIVE, REGULATORY AND METHODICAL DOCUMENTATION CONTAINING SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR SAFETY SYSTEMS AGAINST FALLING FROM HEIGHT
Authors: Kondratyeva E. P. , Ivanova V. A. , Trofimov E. F.
Published: January 2021

The paper contains the analysis of regulatory and methodical documentation allowing to meet the requirements of TR TS 019/2011 to safety system against falling from height. The paper also brings up the standards that were not included in the list of documents ensuring compliance with these requirements. It also includes the requirements identified which are not contained in TR TS 019/2011 but affect the reliability of a safety system.