bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender Diversity Policies for Enhanced Service Delivery among Chartered Universities in Kenya
Authors: Maina Charity Nyambura , Nzioki Susan , Mugambi Kenneth
Published: February 2025

Integrating gender diversity policies into organizational structures is vital for sustainable development and climate action. However, there is a notable gap in the implementation of these policies, especially in Kenyan chartered universities. This study evaluated the influence of gender diversity policy implementation on service delivery in Kenyan chartered universities. The hypothesis: there is no statistically significant relationship between gender diversity policy implementation and service delivery among chartered universities in Kenya, was tested. The researcher employed a descriptive survey design, and the target population was 15,545 administrative staff and full-time lecturers. Using stratified and purposive sampling techniques, the population was divided into teaching and non-teaching staff. Random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 390 respondents, comprising of 120 teaching staff and 269 administrative staff was calculated using Yamane (1967) formula. A pilot study was conducted to test the validity and reliability of the research instruments. The study employed Findings revealed that universities with effective gender diversity policies demonstrated enhanced service delivery, efficiency and effectiveness. Descriptive analysis showed moderate correlation among variables, particularly supporting flexible working hours for nursing mothers, gender-mainstreaming awareness, and prohibition of sanctions related to pregnancy or marital status. Statistical analysis indicated a significant positive correlation (R = 0.514) between gender diversity policy implementation and service delivery. The study concluded that gender diversity policy implementation significantly enhances service delivery in Kenyan chartered universities.  The study recommends that universities develop practical and comprehensive gender diversity framework, with continuous monitoring and evaluation, implementation, training, and sensitization programs that guarantee commitment to gender diversity initiatives.
Skilled Birth Attendants’ Factors and Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Level Four and Five Hospitals in Lamu County
Authors: Chege Edwin Ng'ang'a , M'mayi Consolata , Kyulu Teresia
Published: February 2025

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is considered a significant contributor to elevated rates of maternal death. Subsequently, it stands at 4% in Kenya. PPH is also the most common complication of third stage of labor. However, with skilled workforce, adherence to recommendations, PPH can be managed in hospitals. The study sought to investigate skilled birth attendants’ factors on the management of PPH in level 4 and 5 hospitals in Lamu County. The study employed descriptive cross-sectional survey research design. The target population for this study included all doctors, clinical officers, nurses and midwives in level 4 and 5 public hospitals in Lamu County. Census method was employed to obtain the 64 respondents in this study.  The study employed questionnaires. The initial section focused on gathering demographic information to outline the characteristics of the sample. The subsequent section was designed to collect data related to the study variables, which were instrumental in elaborating the study components and addressing the research questions. Prior to the main data collection, the instruments were pretested in Mombasa County to improve their validity and reliability. Data was organized and entered into SPSS version 25 to create a data file. Subsequently, the researcher screened and cleaned the data to identify and correct any errors, and a preliminary analysis was conducted to check for violations of the assumptions underlying the statistical techniques used. Findings were presented using tables. The results revealed a significant positive influence of skilled birth attendants' factors on PPH management in level 4 and 5 hospitals in Lamu County (r=0.762**, n=41, P<0.05). The study concluded that skilled birth attendant factors: teamwork, knowledge and competency—significantly influence PPH management in Lamu County. It recommended regular training for skilled birth attendants to enhance knowledge and competency. Additionally, healthcare institutions should promote teamwork through inter-professional workshops, ensuring better PPH outcomes.
Communication Strategies for Effective Conflict Management between Teaching Staff and Principals in Public Secondary Schools in Rachuonyo South Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Okoth Kenneth Odhiambo , Ogenga Fredrick Oduor , Otieno Millicent Awuor
Published: February 2025

Education institutions in Kenya have reported rising cases of conflict between the teaching staff and principals (Ministry of Education, 2002). These conflicts arise from teachers' unwillingness to follow laid down rules and defiance to perceived principals' authoritarian tendencies. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of communication strategies in resolving conflicts between principals and the teaching staff in public secondary schools in Rachuonyo South Sub-County, Kenya. The study was anchored on three theories: Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument (TKI), Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT), and Interest-Based Relational Approach (IBR). A mixed method approach with exploratory research design was employed in the study. The study targeted 620 teachers and 34 principals in Rachuonyo South sub-county. 10% (62 teachers and 4 principals) sample was selected. Stratified random sampling was used to select teachers, of varied teaching experience from different schools; while purposive sampling was used to select principals, based on their tenure, the size of the school, and their involvement in managing conflicts with teaching staff. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from teachers, while an interview guide was used to collect data from principals. Descriptive statistics was used in the analysis of quantitative data, including measures of central tendency and variability, and thematic analysis was applied on qualitative data. The findings revealed that assertive and non-blaming communication strategies were most effective in fostering collaboration and resolving conflicts. The study concludes that implementing communication strategies can foster a more collaborative environment in schools, ultimately leading to more effective conflict management between principals and the teaching staff. The study recommends adoption of appropriate communication strategy for effective resolution of conflicts. The implications emphasize the need for training on preferred communication strategies, ensuring sustainable conflict management in public secondary schools.
Uptake of HPV Vaccine, Knowledge of Cervical Cancer and HPV Vaccine among Caregivers in Tana River County, Kenya
Authors: Kamuya Laureen Wamaitha , Masinde Lily , M’mayi Consolata
Published: February 2025

The global target for eliminating cervical cancer by 2030 entails achieving 90% HPV vaccination coverage among girls under 15. Despite the established safety, effectiveness, and cost efficiency of the HPV vaccine, uptake remains suboptimal in many regions, including Tana River County, Kenya, contributing to the persistent cervical cancer risk. This study assessed knowledge of cervical cancer, HPV, and HPV vaccine, along with vaccine uptake in Tana River County, using a community-based descriptive cross-sectional survey design targeting 27,392 caregivers of girls aged 9-14 years. A sample size of 378 was determined using the Fisher et al. (1998) formula, and stratified random sampling technique employed across the three sub-counties. A pre-test study was conducted in Tana River County involving 38 community health volunteers with daughters aged 9-14 years. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data and results presented using tables. The results recorded HPV uptake of 56.9%.  Significant knowledge gaps were revealed with many respondents mistakenly viewing eating khat (61.6%), poor hygiene (73.4%), chronic UTIs (85.6%), and having an IUD (60.8%) as risk factors for cervical cancer. Only 47.9% knew smoking is a risk factor and 31.1% knew HPV affects both men and women. Only 36.4% correctly identified cervical cancer symptoms, 44.0% knew it is curable and 47.9% were unaware that the HPV vaccine is most effective before sexual debut. The study concluded knowledge gaps persist on risk factors, symptoms, curability of cervical cancer, and the effectiveness of vaccination before sexual debut.  recommends that the Tana River County Department of Health strengthen public health messaging to correct misconceptions about non-risk factors, emphasize the symptoms and curability of cervical cancer, and highlight the benefits of vaccinating girls before they become sexually active.
Pros and Cons of Language in Building Inter and Intra National Cohesiveness.
Authors: Mwirigi L.
Published: February 2025

Internationally and locally, language has played a role in fueling conflict as well as resolving it. For example in Kenya, the 2007 presidential elections were a turning point in the country’s political history. It threw the country into untold chaos and challenged the country’s national identity. In the post-election violence that erupted after the announcement of the presidential elections local languages were used as tools for propaganda spread, exclusion and at times inclusion. Through a literature review this paper explores the connections between language and conflict and how teachers can be vehicles of enhancing peace right from the classroom level. Specifically, English language teachers can work with students to create a safe environment for sharing and listening to one another’s stories by collaboratively setting group norms that uphold values of respect and empathy. Finally, the paper concludes that language is a tool that can be used to fuel conflict but it can as well be used to unite. The process of acquiring English language in Kenya is very important in uniting Kenyans and the English language teachers have a crucial role in influencing peace building in Kenya by teaching learners to appreciate each other and use language that promotes peace and brotherliness.
Response of Selected Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Varieties to Nitrogen Applied at Different Growth Stages.
Authors: Njuguna M. , Kamau P. , Wanjogu R.
Published: February 2025

In Kenya wheat is ranked second after maize as source of food and feed. Despite its importance, wheat production has stagnated in the last decade. Its annual domestic demands stand at 900,000 MT against production of 300,000 MT. Low productions is mainly due to low nitrogen use among other causes. Methods of nitrogen application were evaluated on wheat varieties (K Tai, K Sunbird and K Wren) grain yield and yield components. Field trials were laid out in RCBD replicated three times in a split plot arrangement in Njoro (2,164 m asl) and Mau Narok (2,690 m asl.) in 2011/2012 cropping season. Main plots consisted of wheat varieties and sub plots consisted of split nitrogen application at sowing (GS 0), tillering (GS 22) and stem elongation (GS 30). Parameters measured were grains/main spike, biomass, harvest index, thousand kernel, and grain yield benefit. There were significant variety yield differences (<P0.05) in Mau Narok with K. Tai giving the highest grain yield 2842 kg/ha,K.Wren (2674 kg/ha) and K. Sunbird (2560 kg/ha). Split application of nitrogen significantly influenced grain yields (6132.0 kg/ha) in Njoro and (3034.0 kg/ha) in Mau Narok. There were no interactions (varieties x nitrogen application). Kenya Tai was the best variety in both sites. Split application of nitrogen increased wheat yield output. Split application of N at GS 22 and GS 30 was the best method. Further research is required to evaluate different N application rates at different growth stages on the newly released varieties.
Innovation for Food Security and Nutrition in Kenya Towards Attainment of The Big Four:A Review of Chelelang’ the Wonder Bean Technology
Authors: Mbaka E.
Published: February 2025

Various genetic and environmental factors adversely affect the yield of beans in East and southern Africa.These include climate change variables such as temperature,moisture,pests, diseases and soils.This paper reviews genetically superior genotypes with reference to yields of various bean lines and varieties in east and South Africa.Also considered were two climatic variables including: temperatures and moisture.A series of on-farm and station trials were carried out to screen lines and varieties from five international nurseries in Kenya,Uganda,Tanzania,Rwanda and Burundi.Sixty four (64) genotypes were screened in Nakuru,Bomet and Meru districts.Using farmer field schools and on station trials in Kaguru-Meru,Egerton-Nakuru and Bomet.The trial yielded superior bean genotypes such as Ciankui,Tasha and the EU a word winning Chelelang “the wonder bean”.These germ plasms had been inspected by KEPHIS and were recommended for commercial growing in cool highlands and warm humid arid- lands.These were the areas with temperatures in the range of 22-30oc and moisture levels of about 400mm per year.It was also observed that Chelelang yielded 1750 Kg/ha(19.5bags) as compared to an average of 550kf/ha (6.0 bags) (i.e 3.19 times better) than Rose coco the control.The new technology (Chelalang) was a bean of choice to replace low yielding environmentally vulnerable commercial varieties and temperatures of 300C and moistures of about 400mm.The current technology average yield =550kg/ha=6.11 bags/ha.Average yield of new technology (Chelalang) = 1750kg/ha=19,4bags/ha. bags/ha/season=38.9 bags/year.Kenya has a potential of 800,000ha for growing beans. This results to 800,000 x 38.9 bags =31,120,000 bags.Average bean consumption in the country is estimated at 26,666,666 bags giving a surplus of =4,453,333 bags. /year.At a price of ksh.4000/bag would translate to an additional revenue of Ksh.4,453,333 x 4000 =17,613,333,333/year.The technology contributed to reduction of hunger and provision of proteins bean. Adoption of this new technology would save the nation a lot of revenue which is appropriate for VISION 2030.
The Impact of Faith Based Organizations on Livelihood Empowerment: A case of Riziki Kenya
Authors: Kinoti M.
Published: February 2025

The Kenyan government like many other middle income countries is focusing on enhancing competitiveness and increased productivity amongst the different socio-economic sectorsThe ultimate state goal, presented in the present government agenda is to improve the well-being of the Kenyan citizens to promote sustainability and realize economic growth to realize the goal, there is need to focus efforts on the marginalized and less fortunate communities such as slum dwellers and rural poor whose productivity is limited due to socio-economic risks that characterize their environment. This study explored the impact of livelihood programmes by Faith-Based Organizations (FBOs) in Kibera on the peoples’ productivity. The study focused on the case of Riziki Kenya; an FBO that employs faith-based approach to empower communities in informal settlements. Micro-lending is one of the largely known empowerment strategies for economic development in enabling the poor acquire skills, build assets/ capital and hence increase their resilience while significantly reducing their vulnerability. Riziki employs micro-lending and community development initiatives guided by Christian principles. The question therefore that the study sought to answer was “To what extent has livelihoods empowerment by FBOs through micro-financing increased the productivity of slum dwellers in Kibera?” The study reveals the great impact that is realized from leveraging on partnerships with local churches and other FBOs in empowering and enriching livelihoods of the people. The study found links between individual faith and their financial productivity. These links influenced their ethical behavior, and general stewardship of their own/ business financial resources.
READ EDITORIAL
Authors: Njoka By E.
Published: February 2025

Food Security & Nutrition
Great men and women thrive in challenging their own ideas, improving on them and have a desire to read and discover those ideas that make the world a better place to live in.
Israel, countries in Asia-Pacific and the Caribbean have made strides in saving their people from malnutrition. What about Africa? Literature is replete with technological information including Climate Smart Agriculture which has been documented to be the true blue print for alleviating hunger and malnutrition especially in the dry lands.
Nations in Africa especially sub-Saharan Africa have been associated with myriads of chronic food security and Nutrition issues. Why this phenomenon? Why has poverty continued to dehumanize the African populace? Doesn’t Africa, give birth to sons and daughters who can rescue Africa from this vice?
Perhaps, we need to borrow a leaf from Rotary International which lays a lot of emphasis on ‘Service above Self ’ from the likes of Nelson Mandela from South Africa and Mahatma Gandhi of India. Driven by the best interest of their people, they worked relentlessly and delivered their nationals out of colonial bondage without any strings attached whatsoever.
Therefore, it is absolutely necessary for the citizens of Africa especially of sub-Sahara Africa to be ambassadors of goodwill by embracing the concept of ‘Service above Self ’ and to actualize selfless contribution towards promotion of intelligence, productive sustainable ideas and opportunities.
It is for this reason that IJPP wishes to congratulate and thank all the contributors to this edition Vol. 7 no. 1 (2019) in volunteering a compendium so thought provoking. The treatise is directional and good enough for intellectual engagement.
Thank you.
Prof. Ellis Njoka, PhD
Editor in Chief-IJPP
Role of County Health Governance in Implementation of Social Insurance National Scheme in Selected Counties in Kenya
Authors: Mwangi Eunice M. , Tenambergen Wanja M. , Mapesa Job , Wairia Samuel K.
Published: February 2025

Health care financing (HCF) is one of the building blocks of a health system. Kenya envisions to have Universal Health Coverage (UHC) by 2022. To achieve this, the National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF) was identified as a vehicle towards the realization of UHC. NHIF collects revenue, pools risks, and purchases health services for its members.  NHIF uses capitation as a strategic purchasing model to provide primary care health services (PCHS). This study aimed to establish the role of County Health Governance in implementation of the NHIF national scheme. Specifically, the study sought information on NHIF’s communication with the County Health Management Team (CHMT), CHMT knowledge of NHIF national scheme guidelines, suitability of county health facility Infrastructure , adequacy of NHIF capitation funds, NHIF accountability and how they all influence provision of NHIF primary care health services. This was a cross sectional research. All 120 County and Sub-County Health Management Team members were purposively sampled from Nakuru and Nyandarua Counties, a 96% (115) response rate was achieved. Results showed that, 64(56%) of respondent said NHIF was accountable to the population, 73(63%) said the county health facility infrastructure was adequate and 67(58%) said there were guidelines directing implementation of NHIF PCHS. However, 66(57%) said patients were not accessing NHIF primary care health services, 70(61%) said capitation funds were not adequate and 59(51%) said communication from NHIF to them was inadequate. Chi square results indicated that all variables, NHIF communication χ² = 5.364, p < 0.05, availability of guidelines χ² = 10.447, p < 0.05, suitability of county health facility infrastructure χ² = 13.199, p < 0.001, adequacy of NHIF capitation funds χ² = 6.956, p < 0.05 and NHIF accountability χ² = 10.982, p < 0.05 were scientifically significant and influenced implementation of the national scheme outpatient services.
Knowledge and Attitude Towards Anti-Retroviral Therapy Adherence among HIV/AIDS patients at Consolata Hospital Nkubu, Meru County, Kenya.
Authors: Muraa Ann , Kei Robert , Mbugua Gabriel
Published: February 2025

Poor adherence to the management of HIV/AIDS continues to pose a challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. To achieve the 90:90:90 target by the year 2020, optimum suppression of HIV requires a high level of adherence to prescribed treatment, counselling and follow-up plans. The number of people living with HIV in Meru County is estimated to be 20700 but only14205 are on Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) with a viral suppression rate of 69%. There is still scarcity of information on factors influencing adherence in Meru County and more so at Consolata Hospital. The study aimed at assessing knowledge and attitude towards anti-retroviral therapy adherence among HIV/AIDs patients at Consolata Hospital Nkubu. A descriptive cross sectional research design was adopted and 312 participants attending Comprehensive Care Clinic selected using systematic random sampling technique. Qualitative and quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaire. It was then cleaned, coded and entered into statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 23. Analysis was then done using both descriptive and inferential statistics and presented in tables and charts. The results showed that the majority of the respondents 108 (34.6%) were aged between 39-48 years and those with college education were (45.2%). The level of education was found to have a slight but statistically significant effect on ART adherence (p=0.04). Males were found to be 5 times more likely to miss drugs than females (OR= 5.23, X² =16.14, p<0.001). There was a statistically significant positive relationship between knowledge of ART and adherence (R=.81, p<0.001). This indicates that adherence is dependent on knowledge on ART. A statistically significant positive relationship between attitude and adherence was found (R=.66, p<0.001). Privacy and confidentiality was also shown to influence adherence to ART. The study recommends use of innovative approaches to improve on knowledge and follow up of clients.
Conceptualization of Empowerment of Ordained Women in Leadership in the Wesleyan Tradition as Exhibited in the Methodist Church in Kenya
Authors: Kinoti Mary
Published: February 2025

Mainstreaming and empowering women in leadership is not a challenge only in politics as witnessed in Kenya but also in church and corporate leadership. Gender inequality is prevalent in the Church resulting to women underrepresentation. That is in spite of the fact that ordained women’s participation in all levels of leadership is central to the ministerial work of the church. The study set out to examine how Methodist Church of Kenya (MCK) empowers ordained women to participate in leadership of the church and apparently achieve its mission. In addition, the study sought to establish opportunities and challenges facing the ordained women as they struggle to participate in the highest levels of leadership. The study used mixed methods though it was largely qualitative. Purposive sampling was done and out of a total population of eighty-five (85) ordained women ministers, 30% (25 women) were sampled within different levels of leadership in the MCK. Open ended questionnaires and interviews were conducted to collect data. The data was analysed to quantify the participation of ordained women ministers in MCK leadership and also their effectiveness as ministers of the word. Results were then presented in tables and charts. The study found out that women were not actively taking up leadership positions in the church compared to the male colleagues. The study concluded that the church has put in place mechanisms to ensure women ministers are trained and equipped and therefore their need to be more aggressive in utilizing the opportunities.
Patterns of Alcohol Use among Students in Private Faith-based and Public Universities in Kenya
Authors: Wachira Rebecca Njambi , Sindabi Aggrey , Chepchieng Michah
Published: February 2025

Alcohol use and associated risky behaviours is a leading cause of injury and death among university students and young adults in many parts of the world. Despite growing problems of global alcohol abuse among university students, accurate information on the patterns of alcohol use among university students in Kenya remain sparse. The objective of this study was to establish alcohol use patterns among students in both private faith-based and public universities in Kenya. The study was carried out in 2 private faith based universities and 2 public universities. A total of 374 students responded to a structured self-administered questionnaire (a response rate of 98%). Alcohol use patterns were measured by AUDIT and CAGE questionnaires. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.  Alcohol use in the last month prior to the study was reported by 30.5% of the respondents. Alcohol use was more prevalent among the fourth years and those living off campus but not with their parents.  Low risk alcohol use pattern was reported by 83.4% of the respondents. About 11.0% reported hazardous drinking pattern while only 1.6% and 4.0% were at harmful and alcohol dependence levels. Only 8.4% displayed problem drinking pattern. A significant relationship was found between patterns of alcohol use on AUDIT scale and type of university, however, problem drinking did not differ by university. It was recommended that university management and all the stake holders implement screening for alcohol use among students because there are students who engage in harmful and hazardous use and may not voluntarily seek help. Harmful and hazardous alcohol use patterns among students are a detriment to their health and negatively impact those around them.
Standardization of Light Emitting Diode Feedback on Metered Solar Home Systems
Authors: Koech Victor , Mbogo Chao
Published: February 2025

Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are used in a variety of devices ranging from watches to solar home systems, as status indicators or communicative tools.  However, the communicative output varies across devices of similar or different functions. This variation and the sense that there is a wide array of expressions that can be employed, makes it hard for users of the devices to deduce the feedback easily. To address this gap, this paper discusses the effectiveness of a standardized light-based interface for metered solar home systems, which has been redesigned using a structured Human Computer Interaction (HCI) design process. The study makes use of the UFuRT (User, Function, Representation and Task analyses) framework to evaluate the use of these devices ethnographically and contextually among solar home-system owners in the Rift Valley region of Kenya. To understand how solar home systems users utilize multi-communicative LEDs, 111 solar home system owners participated in in-person interviews. The results indicate that, on average, 51% of solar-home system owners cannot correctly interpret or do not know the LED feedback of the device they own. The quantitative and qualitative data collected from the in-person sessions was used to design a simulated standardized interface of a metered solar home system. The effectiveness of this newly designed interface was measured by interviewing another set of 43 solar home system users. The results indicate that, on average, up to 63% of solar system owners correctly interpret the LED feedback mechanisms of a standardized design. Further, up to 86% of solar system owners correctly interpret specific feedback mechanisms of a standardized design.  With these findings, the study concludes that using a HCI framework to standardize the interface design of LED-touting devices increases the expressivity and user understanding of feedback relayed by these devices.
Satisfaction with E-Resources and Perception of Libraries by Postgraduate Students at Daystar and Multimedia Universities in Kenya
Authors: Murithi Caroline Kathomi , Gichohi Paul Maku , Irura Grace
Published: February 2025

University libraries are expected to provide current, varied, sufficient and authoritative information resources for all academic programs on offer, and adopt information communication technologies in information provision and management. However, issues of support services offered on e-resources, competencies of library staff, provision of diverse e-resources and satisfaction with e-resources are some of the issues that cause dissatisfaction among postgraduate students. This study sought to examine how satisfaction with e-resources influences perception of libraries by postgraduate students at Daystar and Multimedia Universities in Kenya. The objectives of the study were: to determine satisfaction with e-resources; to establish postgraduate students’ perception towards libraries; and to establish the effect of satisfaction with e-resources on perception of university libraries.  Most postgraduate students’ perception of university libraries is inappropriate. This is attributed to users experience and satisfaction which they have had with e-resources. It adopted a descriptive survey research design in sampling 116 postgraduate students and 4 library staff using simple random sampling and purposive sampling methods respectively. Primary data was collected through online questionnaires and interview guides. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis. The results revealed that satisfaction with e-resources had a significant correlation with perception of university libraries. An R squared of 0.415 was found, implying that satisfaction with e-resources accounts for 42% of variations in perception of libraries by postgraduate students. The study concluded that satisfaction with e-resources has a statistically significant influence on postgraduate students’ perception of university libraries. The implication is that satisfaction with e-resources is a critical determinant of postgraduate students’ perception of university libraries. The university library management needs to strengthen the satisfaction related aspects such as friendliness, professionalism, communication, reliability, and timeliness, which seem to be strong drivers of perception.
University Education Academic Policies and Students’ Sports Talent Development:
Authors: Kubai James Taitumu , Mwangi Peter Wanderi , Owiti Beatrice
Published: February 2025

Literature has revealed that United States of America and other European countries associated with monopolization of performance in international sports competitions, like Olympic Games, have collaborated with their universities to nurture talented students pursuing university education. The universities in Kenya have contributed insignificantly to sports’ talents development, particularly talents that represent the country in international sports competitions. Education reform in Kenya is phasing out the 8-4-4 curriculum in favor of 2-6-3-3-3 education system. The embraced curriculum has introduced talent pillar on sports as an academic pathway in the education system including universities. This study investigated the nexus between university education and students’ sports’ talent development in selected universities in Kenya. The objective was to establish the relationship between universities’ education academic policies and students’ sports talent development. The study was anchored on systems theory, since management of sports in the universities is guided and informed by structured sports management sub-systems. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods in a convergent parallel mixed methods design. The tools for collecting data were questionnaires, interview schedules, observation, content analysis and focus group discussion. The response rate was 96.2% of student respondents. The reliability was established through generating Crobanch’s alpha coefficient as 0.714. Cross tabulation methods facilitated the testing of the null hypothesis; (H01). The hypothesis was rejected, χ2 (16) = 97.397, p ≤ 0.05 implying a significant relationship between implementation of university academic policies and students’ talent development in elite sports in the universities in Kenya. However, Cramer’s V (0.253) and Pearson, R (-0.004) respectively revealed that the relationship was moderate and inverse. The findings of the study revealed that current university policies emphasize on academics and not talent development. The study recommended that university academic polices be revised to increase the strength and change the direction of the relationship
Role of Resource Allocation in Implementing Anti-Corruption Strategies at Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission in Kenya
Authors: Kireri Jeremiah , Rintari Nancy , Gichohi Paul Maku
Published: February 2025

Corruption in its various forms is injurious and detrimental to economic growth, and has been identified as a key drawback in developing countries. As a result, governments all over the world have implemented a variety of policies to strengthen the battle against corruption. Despite adopting various anti-corruption policies, Kenyan corruption has been endemic and anti-corruption strategy falls short of international standards. The aim of this analysis was to see how resource allocation influences anti-corruption strategy execution at Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC) in Kenya. A case study design was used in this research. Employees of EACC were the target population. Eighty-five EACC respondents were deemed appropriate. A questionnaire was used to gather data, which was then analyzed descriptively where mean, standard deviation and chi-square were computed with the help of SPSS. A pretest was conducted prior to collection of data. The pretest was conducted among nine employees of EACC from various departments in Nyeri. The study found that Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission was underfunded. As a result, its ability to procure required resources such as enough employees and information technologies is limited. Chi-square analysis showed that resource allocation was significant. The study therefore recommended that the national assembly of Kenya should allocate more financial resources to EACC to enhance the capacity of the agency in fighting corruption.
The Influence of Credit Management on Loans Portfolio Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya
Authors: Muchere George Oundo , Mwambia Felix , Muema Wilson
Published: February 2025

Banking sector is a key source of funding for most businesses. Improved loans portfolio management leads to high performance of banking institutions. Commercial banks use various avenues to generate their income. Credit management is one of the sensitive areas of management of banking institutions which deals with credit. Credit management gives assurance that loan  borrowers will pay back the money lend to them by commercial banks. It is a vital component of the banking practice management function. A banking institution  with proper credit management policy will enable it to improve its efficiency. Thus, this study sought to ascertain influence of credit management on loans portifolio performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Descriptive research design was used and  data was collected from eleven commercial banks headquarters in Nairobi. The study was based on census approach as it focused on all the eleven commercial banks listed on NSE, Kenya. For each commercial bank listed, 5 respondents were sought, thus providing 55 respondents. Study employed both secondary and primary data. Instruments used to collect data were questionnaires and Central Bank of Kenya finanial reports websites, journals of Kenya bankers association and commercial banks of kenya accounts published annually. Data was analyzed using applied descriptive statstics, correlations and regression by use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS). The aggregate mean score of credit management and loans portifolio performance of commercial banks was 4.07, and a strong correlation of  r= .623. The conclusion from the findings indicated that employing proper credit management has a significant and positive influence on loans portifolio performance of commercial banks. The study recommended that commercial banks adopt sound policies reviews, carry out proper client appraisals, exercise delinquency credit management, and have in place a well-functioning Credit Management department
Pengaruh Profesionalisme Kerja, Stres Kerja dan Psikologis Karyawan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT BFI Cabang Mamuju
Authors: Halim Agus , Ramadhan Adam , Yeni Hari , N Naskah
Published: February 2025

PT BFI Finance is one of the companies engaged in financing. This company is an independent company that has branches in various regions, one of which is in Mamuju which was established on October 11, 2010. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the effect of work professionalism, work stress and employee psychology on employee performance at PT BFI Finance Mamuju Branch. This research uses quantitative methods, with sample withdrawal using probability sampling techniques with 30 respondents. Data collection was carried out by observation, interviews, and distributing questionnaires directly to respondents. Testing the quality of research instruments using validity tests, and reliability tests. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression analysis, then hypothesis testing using partial test (t statistical test), and simultaneous test (F statistical test). The research results obtained (1) work professionalism has a significant partial effect on employee performance. (2) job stress has a partial and significant effect on employee performance. (3) employee psychology has a partial and significant effect on employee performance. (4) Work professionalism, work stress and employee psychology simultaneously have a significant and significant effect on employee performance.
Natural Products with Artificial Intelligence: A Revolution in Drug Discovery
Authors: S. Sathya  , Karthiga. D  , Lokesh. S  , Manikandan Sabari , V. R. Rajeswari
Published: February 2025

Natural products have been instrumental in shaping modern medicine, offering a plethora of bioactive compounds used as pharmaceuticals. Despite their immense potential, the traditional approaches to natural product research are often labor-intensive and time-consuming. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in this domain, enabling efficient analysis, prediction, and discovery of natural products. This manuscript explores the intersection of natural products and AI, detailing its applications in drug discovery, challenges, and future prospects. By integrating AI, researchers can overcome the limitations of conventional methodologies, unlocking new opportunities for innovation in healthcare and pharmaceuticals.
Farmer Protection and Sustainability of Small-scale Tobacco Production in Zimbabwe
Authors: Munyavhi Archeford , Tapfumaneyi Linda , Mapfumo Tatenda , Hove Precious Kuziva , Dube Praxedis , Ngezimana Wonder
Published: February 2025

The fast-track land reform (FTLR) programme resulted in an influx of small-scale African tobacco farmers. This was a plus for the country. This was followed by an increase in auction floors and the emergency of tobacco contract farming. Since 2000, small-scale tobacco farmers have been accounting for a significant proportion of tobacco produced and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Zimbabwe. Despite the significant contribution by tobacco farmers to the economy, the issue of farmer protection in contractual arrangements is often overlooked when it comes to small-scale tobacco farming. Contract farming encourages sustainable crop production and shift towards crop specialisation, resulting in quality tobacco produced and helping in poverty alleviation among small-scale farmers. Several organisations have been formed to support farmers like, e.g. the Tobacco Industry and Marketing Board (TIMB) and the Zimbabwe Tobacco Association (ZTA), with a spirit to fight to protect farmers. However, small-scale farmers cried out for protection against unscrupulous business players in contract farming from the risk of low prices, fraud and general economic squalour. Several studies have been done on how to increase tobacco production and profitability of farmers, but long-standing issues of famer protection are often left out. It is easily overlooked that tobacco production is a business and that small-scale farmers as players in the business, are driven by motivation (income, returns and protection) just as employees do. Thus, this study focused on the impact of farm protection on small-scale tobacco production in Zimbabwe.
Coping Strategies By Peri-Urban Dwellers In Response To Pressures Induced By Climate Change In Harare Peri-Urban East, Zimbabwe
Authors: Ndemo `Nyasha
Published: February 2025

The article explores and discusses coping strategies that dwellers in Harare's periurban areas are adopting to respond to pressures that are being induced on them by climate change. It is against the background that peri-urban areas in cities in developing countries, predominantly those in Sub-Saharan Africa, have experienced a rapid economic, social and ecological transformation in recent times. The article plugs the gap in the literature that there has been proportionally sparse scientific work on climate change adaptation done in other sub-regions of the African continent, primarily those that are somewhat less developed and more susceptible. It is a critical challenge for decision-makers to adopt strategies that are suitable concerning climate change adaptation in African cities. There is limited in-depth analysis of what Southern African cities are doing to cope with the impacts of climate change. For peri-urban areas to adapt to climate change, they need to get access to weather forecasts, education and training and embrace new technologies that must be available. It is, therefore, recommended that preparedness for life threatening events like violent storms, floods and droughts is critical in reducing the vulnerability of the peri-urban inhabitants.
Rural towns in Zimbabwe urbanisation without growth and implications for sustainability
Authors: NDEMO NYASHA , MAGANDE TINASHE , MPAHLO RUMBIDZAI
Published: February 2025

Many towns in sub-Saharan rural terrain are struggling with accelerated urbanisation because of the country’s’ present economic downfall prompting an investigation of difficulties and sustainability implications associated with excessive and unsustainable urbanisation trajectories. It underscores that urbanisation without economic growth is the primary challenge in rural towns. To provide a thorough analysis, the study employed a mixed method approach in data collection. Quantitative data collection in this study encompasses the use of surveys and statistical analysis to measure changes in infrastructure, economic indicators, and demographic trends. Recommendations advocate integrated, contextspecific development methods with a focus on community engagement, local economic promotion and infrastructure investment. Sustainable urban planning should be given top priority in policy interventions, considering social, economic and environmental factors. Collaboration between government, communities, and stakeholders is needed for effective implementation, fostering sustainable growth and improving well-being in rural Zimbabwean towns amid urbanisation challenges. The adaptation and resilience demonstrated by small rural towns in Zimbabwe suggest the possibility of sustainable development in rural places experiencing dynamic change, despite the obvious obstacles. For inclusive and sustainable growth, the study recommends that there should be improving infrastructure and service delivery in rural towns.
The Emerging War On Drug And Substance Abuse The Case Of Harare Central Business District, Zimbabwe
Authors: Muzuva Prince , Gwiza Aaram , Mudangwe Placxedes
Published: February 2025

The world over, particularly in the Sub-Saharan Africa region, there have been growing cases of drug and substance abuse that pose a serious threat to concerted efforts aimed at strengthening public health systems in the region. The upsurge in drug and substance abuse has distressing implications on the socio-economic lives of individuals and communities at large. This is epitomised by rampant cases of criminal activities, increasing healthcare needs, rehabilitative services and reduced labour productivity, all of which are detrimental to communities’ public health sustainability. This study interrogates the implications of drug and substance abuse with perspectives from Harare, using a qualitative research approach. In-depth interviews and document searches were also conducted. Major findings indicate that the uptake of most drugs being abused is meant to treat particular ailments, and prevention and treatment are the major adopted strategies to arrest the scourge, as awareness campaigns on dangers associated with drug abuse have increased. This study suggests the imperative need for punitive measures to be harnessed to deter perpetrators and promoters of drug and substance abuse that will ultimately assist in strengthening public health systems in SubSaharan Africa.
Social networks and the human factor perspective on rural development in Chimanimani District, ZimbabwE
Authors: MARANGO TIMOTHY , CHITONGO LEONARD
Published: February 2025

Uplifting human factor principles is a sine qua non for rural development. However, severe human factor decay has become a reality in remote rural districts of Zimbabwe. Failure to network seems to be a paradox that needs to be unlocked. Networks are based on good relationships. Relations impact on science and any livelihoods programmes. Networks are the bedrock for trust. Trust is a resilience builder for that sustainability. Limited networks and the general low human factor as evidenced my mistrust, poor service delivery, corruption and poor communication, have led to stagnation or even regression of the development gains brought by political independence. The conclusions of this article are drawn from a study done in Chimanimani Rural District of Zimbabwe. Whilst councils are the nerve centres for rural development, their members are continuously failing to make most of the ongoing networking platforms at their disposal. Respondents were chosen conveniently and judgmentally. This study revealed very poor networking among community members and organisations operating in the district. The conclusions of this article arrived at reminding to “goingback-for-it” (sankofaism), thereby integrating globalised philosophies with African indigenous knowledge on leadership. Indeed, Chimanimani District has the capacity for growth and sustenance of the sam
A Spatial Statistical Approach Towards Independence of Informal Manufacturers’ Psychographics from Town Planning Principles in Harare
Authors: Mpahlo Rumbidzai , Mazongonda Simbarashe Show , Mzumara Macleans , Hickonicko Beatrice
Published: February 2025

This study tested for statistical significance of the association between informal manufacturers‘ psychographics and town planning principles. Health, safety and order amenity constructs were extracted from existing town planning principles and three vignettes encapsulated in psychographics (knowledge, perception and attitude) were captured in the digital questionnaire for each construct. With these constructs and vignettes, the collected data were analysed using the R language in Spatstat and tested for the independence of association using a chi-square test at a 0.05 level of significance. Study findings revealed that all three psychological vignettes studied have a very weak relationship with town planning principles. All studied relationships gave an value of at most 1.17%, implying that less than 2% of manufacturers‘ psychographics are explained by variations in their understanding of town planning principles. Therefore, planning education must be scaled up so that manufacturers gain a full understanding of the importance of town planning goals.