bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incorporating a Smartphone Video in a Theatrical Activity to Promote an Authentic Language Learning Environment in a Lower Secondary School Classroom
Authors: Yanti Prima Gusti , Mulyono Herri
Published: January 2020

Theatrical activities have been used to promote an authentic learning environment. However, the incorporation of simple daily technology, like smartphones, to enable students to produce a video of their theatrical activities has not been explored in the Indonesian language learning classroom. This paper documents a video project conducted by lower secondary school students at a private school in Jakarta, Indonesia to examine whether a video project task could help create an authentic learning environment in a language classroom setting. Although the benefits of theatrical activities to promote authenticity in students’ learning experiences are evident in the literature, only a few students have access to such benefits. Many students were reluctant to get involved in the theatrical activities prepared by the teachers and only one cohort of students successfully completed the advertisement video assignment. Teachers’ instructional issues as well as students’ motivation and commitment to work collaboratively were identified as the barriers to produce the video.
L'acculturation aux littéracies universitaires : exemple de l'apprentissage et enseignement de l'emploi de "on" à l'aide du logiciel AntConc
Authors: Prunet Anne
Published: January 2020

Nous proposons de montrer comment il est possible d'aborder l'apprentissage d'un fait de langue particulièrement problématique et important dans les littéracies universitaires : l'usage du pronom personnel "on" en ayant recours au logiciel AntConc. Notre approche s'inscrit dans le domaine de l'enseignement de français sur objectifs universitaires par les littéracies, où la dimension des genres textuels et de leur apprentissage est centrale.
Positive Interest Rate, Stationary Economy, and Inefficiency
Authors: Kia Amir
Published: January 2020

This chapter analyses the direct impact of a positive rate of interest (usury) on the production possibility curve. Usury under a stationary state creates inefficiency in the sense that the marginal rate of transformation is not equal to the price ratio. Over the short run Pareto efficiency appears when a transition period is considered and the rate of return moving from one state to another is endogenous and equals the rate of investment. In a non-stationary economy, when a positive rate of return (interest) is equal to the growth rate of the economy, there will be a Pareto-efficient equilibrium. But if the interest rate is exogenous to the system, usury exists, and then Pareto efficiency cannot be achieved under any state, either stationary or non-stationary.
Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Wan Jusoh Wan Noor Hazlina
Published: January 2020

This chapter is a literature study on corporate social responsibility (CSR) of Islamic banks since the concern over CSR is significant to Islamic banks. A review of CSR theories shows that CSR is originated or influenced by Western values. Perhaps, that is why studies on CSR are quite few in Islam although its notion has been suggested to be consistent with an Islamic view of society. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review the literature of CSR of Islamic banks by firstly looking at the discussion from a conventional and Islamic perspective. This chapter reviews six conventional theories on CSR with the Islamic notion of CSR namely, the Economic Theory, the Agency Theory, the Social Contract Theory, the Legitimacy Theory, Stakeholder Theory and Philanthropic Theory. Through literature review, it is found that, in conventional CSR there are few ulterior motives of doing it either for profit maximization or to comply with society's expectations or to get legitimacy from society or the combination of all motives except for altruistic CSR which is genuine philanthropy. On the other hand, the main motive of doing it in Islam is generally based, among others, on Tauhid, vicegerency, accountability, Taqwa, Ibadah and Da‘wah principles. While the review done on CSR of Islamic banks, found that Islamic bank is an acknowledged legal entity in Islam, which consequently, is accountable for CSR. Therefore, there is a need to propose an Islamic CSR framework that can be used by the regulators involved to establish a CSR framework that is comprehensive, applicable and to be practiced not only in the Islamic banks, but also for other Islamic financial institutions and all Islamic business entities.
The Relevance of Maqasid al Shari'ah to Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing
Authors: Nasir Maruf Adeniyi
Published: January 2020

The modern financial system has continuously been traumatised by money laundering and terrorism financing. This is partly because it is a concept that revolves around the complex relationship between money and crime. The challenges posed by these menaces have become a phenomenon that the world has ceaselessly looked for means to address. Yet launderers and terrorists continue to perfect methods of perpetuating their illegal activities, while the havoc created by the menace of these crimes are enormous and remains unquantifiable in term of the actual estimate. Interestingly, Maqasid al Shari'ah has caught the attention of several Muslim scholars as a useful tool that can resolve several contemporary issues. Consequently, examining the relevance of Maqasid al Shari'ah which is the basis of Islamic Finance on money laundering and terrorist financing (AML/CFT) is desirable. The focus of this chapter, therefore, is to examine the relevance of Maqasid al Shari'ah in the fight against the menace of money laundering and terrorism financing
Harmonising Microfinance With Islamic Banking
Authors: Aziz Shahab , Md Husin Maizaitulaidawati , Ashfaq Muhammad
Published: January 2020

While microfinance institutions play a role in the provision of financial services to individuals and small businesses that lack access to banking and related services, the question is: Can this role be taken up solely by the banking institutions? This chapter discusses the performance and application of microfinance institutions and challenges in developing a sustainable microfinance environment. The chapter deliberates the importance of integrating Islamic microfinance with Islamic commercial banks. It is argued that the integration of Islamic microcredit into the banking and credit schemes of Islamic commercial banks and Islamic microfinance institutions is a key to promoting financial inclusion. In addition, the chapter discusses how the Islamic microfinance model can be applied towards improving and humanising society and suggests strategies to improve the sustainability of microfinance institutions.
Cash Waqf for Entrepreneurship Development
Authors: Musa Deji Sherifah Oshioke , Salleh Marhanum Che Mohd
Published: January 2020

This chapter explores Cash Waqf in terms of awareness, religiosity, attitude, intention, subjective norms, theory of planned behavior, and perceived entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. The chapter extends the applicability of these factors of Cash Waqf in investigating the perception of micro, small, and medium business entrepreneurs in Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was designed to survey 459 Nigerian entrepreneurs. EFA analysis was used to test the theoretical framework and hypothesis. Result shows low cash Waqf awareness, and a high level of religiosity among the micro entrepreneurs of Nigeria on Cash Waqf for perceived micro entrepreneurship development. It is argued in this research that there is a positive perception toward Cash Waqf, by Muslim and non-Muslim micro entrepreneurs in Nigeria for entrepreneurship development.
Shari'ah Compliance as a Matter for Financial Performance
Authors: Rashid Md. Harun Ur , Ullah Md Hafij , Bhuiyan Faruk
Published: January 2020

Islamic banks must comply with the Shari'ah rulings fully as it is the foundation of Islamic banks. However, the level of Shari'ah compliance is not the same among the Islamic banks. Similarly, despite performing well, the financial performances of Islamic banks differ from each other. Therefore, the chapter explores the association between financial performance and Shari'ah compliance. The chapter used both the primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected through surveying 300 bank executives from six full-fledged Islamic banks operated in Bangladesh with a structured questionnaire on Shari'ah compliance, whereas information on financial performance were extracted from the annual reports of the sample banks. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to analyze the data and conclude the findings. The findings show that Shari'ah compliance has a positive and significant impact on the financial performance with respect to the total liabilities and total assets.
Cost-Efficiency Analysis of Mudarabah Companies
Authors: Sohail Hadia , Arshed Noman
Published: January 2020

The economic system recognizes the role of the financial system as an important cog in its machinery. Several theoretical and empirical studies have evidenced its contributing role to the economy. Within the overall financial system, the Islamic financial system ensures the increase in productivity of capital as well as in the synchronization between the incomes of the rich and the poor. Mudarabah companies stay at the forefront of the Islamic financial system. Their knowledge-intensive approach helps the allocation of resources in long-term ventures and, because of their participation-based setup, they can theoretically cause a trickle-down effect via their redistribution process from the borrower to the lender. Practically, though, this requires the financial institutes such as Mudarabah to be cost-efficient. This chapter explores specifically how efficient Mudarabah companies of Pakistan are in terms of cost minimization, and investigates whether different dimensions of intellectual capital can improve cost efficiency.
Social Impact Sukuk for Migrants
Authors: Ali Mohsin , Oravampurath Hasanul Banna , Ziyaad Mahomed
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines the economic impact of the migrants' return to Kerala, India during the Gulf oil crisis 2014-2016. Many migrants returned to their homeland during the crisis because they could not find work in the Middle East. The Kerala economy confronted this as one of the biggest threats which directly affected the economy. Almost USD 900 million had been brought to the homeland as remittance from Non-Residential Keralites (NRKs) working in Gulf countries. But the return of a large number of NRKs decreased the remittances to 10-15%. This chapter proposes Social Impact Sukuk to support the migrants who are back to their homelands from GCC countries. Data and information are collected from primary and secondary sources. This study provides policy implications for Kerala state government to examine the impact of returning NRKs issue and a feasible solution for their immediate rehabilitation.
Sukuk as an Infrastructure-Financing Tool
Authors: Malikov Ahliddin
Published: January 2020

Although many studies have stressed potential benefits of using Sukuk for funding large-scale infrastructure projects, several technical, legal, and political obstacles that are encountered by new sovereign and corporate issuers, investors, and Shari'ah boards remain largely unexplored. This research evaluates the opportunities, barriers, and potential risks for future Sukuk issuances that are proposed for funding large-scale infrastructure projects in developing countries. A purposive sampling method was employed to conduct in-depth interviews with several Islamic finance experts in support of the qualitative data analysis. Using the maximal variation and snowball approach, the researcher identifies the key challenges for large-scale Sukuk issuances and provides useful interpretations that can contribute to the expansion of Sukuk structures for a wider international investor base.
Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain-Driven Islamic Capital Markets
Authors: Mohamed Hazik Bin , Mat Sari Norhanim
Published: January 2020

New innovative digital and advanced technologies are transforming the way we access and use existing financial products and services. Fintech is becoming disruptive more and more by latest and advanced technologies such as blockchain, cloud computing, big data analysis, Internet of Things, robo-advisors, and artificial intelligence. This chapter discusses the crucial innovation, structural and institutional development for financial technologies in Islamic Finance. The blockchain proposes a new operational design, where all actors within the capital market can work from common ledgers, with collective datasets in almost real-time, and supporting operations which are more streamlined. The system will also incorporate fraud-detection and compliance enhancements, where applicable. This conceptual chapter also assesses the key features of the AI and blockchain architecture and protocol developments. It identifies areas where AI and blockchain can bring substantial transformational change, while at the same time, identifies some of the major barriers to adoption within the capital markets.
Identifying the Relationship Between Health Investment and Economic Development
Authors: Eti Serkan , Gökalp Yaşar , Tosun Nurcan Okçuoğlu
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between the economic development of countries and the importance they attach to health. In this context, macroeconomic data on the economic development levels and health of 127 countries were included in the study. In the application part of the study, clustering and cross-table analysis were used. As a result of the k-means clustering analysis, a 76.4% similarity was found between the three countries groups and the economic development levels. Therefore, it is possible to talk about significant relationships between health expenditures/investments and economic development. In addition, it is seen that 90% of the country group that attaches importance to health expenditures consists of developed countries.
Applying Blockchain Technologies in Healthcare
Authors: Candereli Zehra Ozge , Burmaoglu Serhat , Kidak Levent B. , Gungor Dilek Ozdemir
Published: January 2020

Recently, one of the inventive developments penetrating many industries is blockchain technology. In the era of globalization and digitalization, blockchain has garnered interest in various application fields from health data management to clinical trials. In this study, we aimed to explore blockchain applications in healthcare with an explorative perspective with a scientometrics analysis. With this analysis, the trends and evolutionary relations between health and blockchain technology were examined via the queries in the Web of Science database. In the analysis, the author keyword co-occurrences were used for demonstrating concept relationships. To understand the new emerging study field, VosViewer was used for network visualizations and CiteSpace free java-based software was used for scientometrics analysis. As a result, it can be implied that the main focus areas of the studies on blockchain are solving payment systems, digital identity, and privacy and security issues in healthcare field.
Depression Rate, GDP Growth Rate, Health Expenditure, and Voice and Accountability
Authors: Das Ramesh Chandra , Chatterjee Amit
Published: January 2020

Existing studies on mental disorder reveal that, besides biological factors, major socioeconomic factors are responsible behind the ever-increasing prevalence of the part of population suffering from mental depression. The present study investigates whether depression rate has long run co-movements with growth of per capita GDP, health expenditure, and voice and accountability of the citizens for individuals as well as panels of four countries, USA, China, India, and Bangladesh, for the period 1995 to 2016. Using cointegration, error correction, and causality testing, the study observes that individual countries do not produce acceptable and robust results, but the panel data results produce long run relations among the four endogenous variables. The Wald test results show that all the two lagged values of depression rate, growth rate, health expenditure and voice and accountability are causing depression in the current period.
Evaluation of the Broken Windows Theory in Terms of Patient Safety
Authors: Demirel Erkan Turan , Emul Eda
Published: January 2020

The broken windows theory introduces an approach applicable to different fields of discipline insofar as it explains how disorder (crime, etc.) occurs in a community and provides a basis from which solutions can be developed to prevent it. Considering the complexity of healthcare systems, irregularities, and rule violations that commonly mark them and put human health at risk, it is important to produce more effective solutions by taking advantage of different perspectives. This study evaluates the applicability of the broken windows theory to patient safety. As this theory can be an effective solution to the medical errors, neglect and rule violations that commonly occur in the delivery of health services, it is important that further research on this subject be performed.
Public-Private Partnerships and Its Reflections to the Health Sector
Authors: Uslu Yeter Demir , Yılmaz Emre
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is to define the concept of public-private cooperation, to talk about its advantages and disadvantages and to examine its reflections on the health sector. In this context, the main features of the Public Private Partnership and the financing models applied throughout the world have been mentioned by making extensive literature review. In addition to this, the effects of public-private cooperation on health sector practices are discussed and the benefit of the synergy created as a result of cooperation is emphasized. In the literature review, the creation of Public Private Partnerships for various purposes together with various financing models, the services public and private sector provide for a common purpose, the risk sharing resulting from all these factors have been discussed. It is stated that the provision of compulsory public services by the government in cooperation with the private sector adds value to projects both in terms of innovation and time cost.
The Effects of Health Expenditures to Decrease Infant Mortality Rates in OECD Countries
Authors: Kara Funda , Ersin İrfan
Published: January 2020

There is a positive relationship between the health level of the society and its economic development. The main reason is that improving quality of the lives and increasing lifetime has lead to higher economic performance. This evaluates the relationship between health expenditure and infant mortality rate in OECD countries. In the analysis process, 20 different countries in the OECD are selected and annual data of these countries for the years between 1980 and 2017 is evaluated with the help of Kao panel cointegration and Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality analysis. The findings show that there is long term relationship between health expenditure and infant mortality rates in OECD countries. Another important conclusion is that there is a causality analysis from health expenditure to the infant mortality rate. While considering these results, it is recommended that OECD countries should take some actions in order to increase health expenditure so that it can be possible to decrease infant mortality rate.
Atrial tachycardia from an unusual site—Left atrial appendage tachycardia
Authors: Deshpande SA , Udyavar AR
Published: January 2020

Left atrial appendage (LAA) tachycardia are rarely encountered in clinical practice (2.1% of focal atrial tachycardia). Out of these, the ones arising from the distal part of LAA are difficult to ablate due to higher risk of LAA perforation and thromboembolism. We hereby present a patient with LAA tachycardia mapped to the tip of LAA with the help of the CARTO system and ablated. This case highlights the inherent challenges faced in such a scenario.
Problems facing college student married in Saudi society )English Abstract(
Authors: Khalil Abdul maqsood Abdul Hamid Khalil Abdul maqsood Abdul Hamid
Published: January 2020

The current study aimed to identify social problems of marriage (inside and outside the family) of female university students، to also ins provide some proposals for social service to face marriage problems for female university students. This study is of descriptive studies. This study based on a sample of Social survey method on the preparatory year students of human science path for (102) student’s , and questionnaire tool is applied to determine marriage problems for social، educational ، and economic female university students. The study found that the social problems of marriage for female university students within the family are: - The frequent burdens of Family that effect on student study This study also emphasized on the most important social problems in marriage for female university students outside the family are: - Lack of understanding by husband's family for the responsibilities of student's study The study also reported that the most important economic problems in marriage for female university students are: - Frequent of requests from teachers as doing researches and expensive office work The current study emphasized on the most important educational problems in marriage of female university students which are: - Non – compliance of university systems to the circumferences of married student The study also concluded with providing a set of proposals to activate the role of social service to face marriage problems for female university student
Way of the Direct "Attard" in the Originalists' Opinions " Its argument and truth"(English Abstract)
Authors: Bilqasim Dhaker Mohammed Alzubaidi Bilqasim Dhaker Mohammed Alzubaidi
Published: January 2020

The measurement evidence is considered on of the most important evidences of the Shariah Rules. It is also opinion's origin which the jurisprudence branches from it. The measure evidence leads to the independence of the details of facts and it also leads to measure and know the way of cause / reason and because of this the Originalists considered the research of the cause / reason is the origin or source of searching in the measure subject because knowing the cause / reason of the fact or the action/even in the most important pillar of the measurement. One of the most important researches that deals with knowing the cause is the research about the ways which explain the reason of the event that had happened, and this process is called: The Ways of the cause. The way of the Direct "Attard" is considered to be one way of knowing the cause, which the Originalists had tackled it their different studies and opinions. The researcher showed that all that he had found about this subject was that which had been written by the previous and the recent scholars and according to that he planned to tackle this article and its relation with different Originalists' opinions.
Judgments pertaining to the couple in the rite of pray uk,
Authors: Alshehri Azizah Alshehri Azizah
Published: January 2020

This research aims to collect the issues related to the couple in the jurisprudence of prayer. It was discussed the following: first: the effect of leaving prayer by both of couple or one of them in the sustainability of marriage, second: Volunteering of couple to pray. third: Ruling of preventing the wife from going to the mosque to pray. And the most important results of the research were: 1 - the seriousness of leaving the prayer on the one who lifting and that he/she in a great danger, and the applicants to marry they need to investigate about pray of the other party. 2 - It is desirable to wake the couple each other for the night prayer, and the wife may pray voluntarily without take permission from Husband, unless she shorten his rights. 3 - The husband must permit the wife if she asks to go out to pray in the mosque with its commitment to the rules of the sharia in the exit, such as, well dress and decency being away from sedition. And the most important recommendations: 1 - the need to Allah's piety in carrying the Secretariat and raising children to pray. 2 - The young person who offered to marry must be careful to be associated with one of good religion or at least should be those who are praying. 3 - I recommend the Muslim woman obedience to her husband, unless he ordered her to disobey.
The role of qualitative capital in the professional identification of Saudi women Businesswomen in the Eastern Region model
Authors: Kholoud AlThaqafi Kholoud AlThaqafi
Published: January 2020

The modernist landscape of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia makes us look at the mechanisms of the modern Saudi society, which has been engaged in development paths and a developed vision to invest all its human and economic energy .Women have formed a vital part of these energies, having strengthened her position and rights through legislations and laws, that have made her an effective force, whose impact has affected the Saudi economy in various fields .The international community has recognized the potential and success of Saudi women in the Kingdom. Therefore, this study came as an attempt to reveal the reality of women's energies within the professional fields that were previously male only.But the changes Saudi Arabia has undergone for decades have made women succeed in many areas, such as entrepreneurship. In this study, we examine the ability of Saudi women to succeed in this professional space through their ability to prove their professional identity, as well as the role of qualitative capital (economic, social, cultural and symbolic) in defining this professional identity of businesswomen in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia as a study case.
Animal Cruelty and Intimate Partner Homicide in Edgar Allan Poe's "The Black Cat"
Authors: Afra S. Alshiban Afra S. Alshiban
Published: January 2020

The relation between animal maltreatment and interpersonal violence has long been of interest to developmental psychologists, psychiatrists, law enforcement officials, criminologists, and others from related disciplines who concluded that the motivation behind these atrocities is a deep-seated need for power and control that stems from inadequacy. The culprit begins by practising on animals, before graduating to humans, mainly women. In 1843, Edgar Allan Poe saw the potential significance of cruelty to animals as a precursor to future violence against humans and brought it to life through his short story "The Black Cat." The narrator begins his reign of terror by practising on cats (women stand-ins) until he summons enough courage to murder the real source of his misery—his spouse. The story is artistically coherent if understood in terms of cruelty to animals as an unfavourable prognostic sign characteristic of those who will kill. Until now, animal cruelty in Poe’s tale received relatively little attention from literary critics. To date, no inquiry has put forward a theory regarding the abuse of animals and its relation to homicide. Hence, this study proposes to look into this disturbing phenomenon and to complement the Poe scholarship.
Low cost nanoparticles derived from nitrogen fertilizer industry waste for the remediation of copper contaminated soil and water
Authors: Elkhatib Elsayed , Moharem Mohamed , Mahmoud Ayman
Published: January 2020

The goal of this study was to produce a novel nano-scale material from nitrogen fertilizer industry byproduct (nNFIB) and assess its capability to remediate Cu contaminated wastewater and soil. The novel nNFIB was produced using planetary mono mill and characterized. Equilibrium and kinetics studies of Cu sorption by nNFIB were performed in batch system. The effects of a variety of factors, including pH, coexisting ions and adsorption time on Cu adsorption were investigated. Furthermore, Cu sequestration mechanism onto nNFIB was investigated using sequential extraction technique and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra before and after nNFIB adsorption. The Cu sorption equilibrium and kinetics data were successfully described by Langmuir and first-order models, respectively. The calculated maximum Cu(II) adsorption capacity (qmax) of nNFIB (100 mg g−1) was four times higher than qmax of bulk NFIB. Copper removal by nNFIB was quite fast (around 86%) in the first 5 min and gradually slowed down until achieved 100% removal at equilibrium time. The FTIR spectra and Cu fractionation data in biosolid-amended soil demonstrated that Cu sequestration in contaminated water and soil is strongly related to CaCO3 of nNFIB. The overall findings show the potential use of nNFIB as a best management practice for Cu removal from wastewater and Cu stabilization in contaminated biosolid-amended soils.
O estímulo à inovação pelo Senai/SC por meio dos institutos Senai/SC de inovação
Authors: Crippa Gabriela Regina , Souza Maria Eduarda Gonçalves
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: O artigo avalia a atuação do Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial de Santa Catarina no fomento à inovação, com ênfase em sua interação com as empresas por meio dos Institutos SENAI de Inovação de Santa Catarina. Examina também o processo inovativo dos ISIs/SC com base nos critérios propostos por Edquist (2001). Classifica-se pelo método indutivo e abordagem quanti-qualitativa, utilizando dados internos do SENAI/SC e de entrevistas com gestores da instituição como fonte de informação. Evidencia-se uma mudança no foco de atuação do SENAI/SC do setor educacional para o de inovação, especialmente após a criação dos Institutos de Inovação e Tecnologia. Destaca-se a atuação dos Institutos SENAI/SC de Inovação no fomento à inovação de indústrias de todo território nacional, contribuindo para a formação de uma rede interativa de aprendizagem e apresentando 06 dos 10 fatores listados por Edquist (2001) como influenciadores para difusão de inovação. Verifica-se uma crescente relevância do SENAI/SC e de seus institutos no Sistema Nacional e Regional de Inovação.
Inoperabilidade do setor de extração de minério de ferro: consequências sobre a economia brasileira
Authors: De Paula Junior Amarildo , Auriglietti Leonardo Mateus de Morais
Published: January 2020

Recentemente, no estado de Minas Gerais tem ocorrido desastres com o setor de minério de ferro, tal como o que ocorreu na cidade de Mariana em novembro de 2015 e também no município de Brumadinho em janeiro de 2019, ambos causados por rompimentos de barragens. Essas tragédias além de ter um impacto social como a de morte de pessoas, também traz consequências para os demais setores da economia brasileira. Utilizando a abordagem de inoperalização de matriz de insumo-produto, o artigo tem como objetivo averiguar como a interrupção de atividade no setor de extração de minério de ferro no estado de Minas Gerais se dissipa para os demais setores. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que além do próprio setor de extração de minério de ferro, os setores mais atingidos por essa inoperalização, embora em menores proporções, são os setores de produção capital físico, como máquinas, equipamentos e automóveis, além de combustíveis.
Competitividade e inovação nas Microcervejarias da região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Geremia Fabiano , Viegas Thales De Oliveira Costa , Braganholo André Rodrigo , Moraes Ricardo Aguirre de , Flamino Leandro Gabriel
Published: January 2020

Esse trabalho analisa as características competitivas das microcervejarias artesanais da região Noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As cervejas artesanais têm ganhado espaço na preferência dos consumidores, uma vez que uma cerveja artesanal apresenta uma fórmula de produção ímpar, bem como aromas e sabores diferenciados, o que atrai novos consumidores. Neste artigo são analisadas as especificidades competitivas das empresas, as características da estrutura produtiva, os processos de aprendizagem, as vantagens de localização e a estrutura institucional de apoio. Com base na literatura sobre a dinâmica inovativa do referencial Neo-schumpeteriano, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo, com questionário estruturado para fundamentar a análise das características e capacitações tecnológicas das empresas. Os resultados obtidos apontam que a qualidade da matéria-prima, as inovações nos produtos e nos processos produtivos são extremamente relevantes para a sobrevivência das empresas nesse nicho de mercado, já que a concorrência não se manifesta via preços, mas por meio da diferenciação (qualidade) de produto. Conclui-se que o processo de gurmetização, que transformou o comportamento dos consumidores, criou um novo mercado, o qual se constitui na principal justificativa para a existência de microcervejarias na região Noroeste. Outros fatores competitivos locais não foram considerados relevantes pelas empresas.
Azeredo Coutinho, José da Silva Lisboa e as relações metrópole-colônia na crise do sistema colonial: concepções do pensamento econômico luso-brasileiro entre o mercantilismo, o pragmatismo e as ideias liberais
Authors: Souza Tobias De Paula Lima , Terci Eliana Tadeu
Published: January 2020

O artigo analisa o pensamento econômico de José Joaquim da Cunha Azeredo Coutinho – o Bispo de Olinda – (1742-1821), e de José da Silva Lisboa – o Visconde de Cairú – (1756-1835), ambos expoentes do pensamento ilustrado brasileiro e membros da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa. O procedimento metodológico consistiu da investigação das principais obras desses pensadores publicadas entre 1794 e 1820, atentando para suas principais propostas e as influências teórico-filosóficas recebidas do iluminismo europeu. A análise do pensamento econômico luso-brasileiro na crise do sistema colonial revelou as ambiguidades de uma fase em transição. Para Azeredo Coutinho, a conservação do exclusivo colonial entre Portugal e Brasil demandava a revisão das restrições à produção e ao comércio, ao passo que o pensamento do Visconde de Cairú vislumbra uma mudança radical na política externa lusa à luz do liberalismo econômico.
A pyroelectric thermal sensor for automated ice nucleation detection
Authors: Cook Fred , Lord Rachel , Sitbon Gary , Stephens Adam , Rust Alison , Schwarzacher Walther
Published: January 2020

Abstract. A new approach to automating droplet freezing assays is demonstrated by comparing the ice nucleating efficiency of a K-feldspar glass and a crystal with the same bulk composition. The method uses a pyroelectric polymer PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) as a thermal sensor. PVDF is highly sensitive, cheap and readily available in a variety of sizes. As a droplet freezes latent heat is released, which is detected by the sensor. Each event is correlated with the temperature at which it occurred. The sensor has been used to detect microlitre volume droplets of water freezing, from which frozen proportion curves and nucleation rates can be quickly and automatically calculated. Our method shows glassy K-feldspar to be a poor nucleator compared to the crystalline form.
Technical note: Facilitating the use of low-cost methane (CH4)
sensors in flux chambers – calibration, data processing, and an open
source make-it-yourself logger
Authors: Bastviken David , Nygren Jonatan , Schenk Jonathan , Parellada Massana Roser , Duc Nguyen Thanh
Published: January 2020

Abstract. A major bottleneck regarding the efforts to better quantify greenhouse gas fluxes, map sources and sinks, and understand flux regulation, is the shortage of low-cost and accurate-enough measurement methods. The studies of methane (CH4) – a long-lived greenhouse gas increasing rapidly but irregularly in the atmosphere for unclear reasons, and with poorly understood source-sink attribution – suffer from such method limitations. This study present new calibration and data processing approaches for use of a low-cost CH4 sensor in flux chambers. Results show that the change in relative CH4 levels can be determined at rather high accuracy in the 2–700 ppm range, with modest efforts of collecting reference samples in situ, and without continuous access to expensive reference instruments. These results open for more affordable and time-effective measurements of CH4 in flux chambers. To facilitate such measurements, we also provide a description for building and using an Arduino logger for CH4, carbon dioxide (CO2), humidity, and temperature.
Foraminiferal holobiont thermal tolerance under climate change – Roommates problems or successful collaboration?
Authors: Pinko Doron , Abramovich Sigal , Titelboim Danna
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Understanding the response of marine organisms to expected future warming is essential. Large Benthic Foraminifera (LBF) are symbiont bearing protists considered to be major carbonate producers and ecosystems engineers. We examined the thermal tolerance of two main types of LBF holobionts characterized by different algal symbionts and shell types (resulted from alternative biomineralization mechanisms): The hyaline diatom bearing, Amphistegina lobifera, and the porcelaneous dinoflagellate bearing, Sorites orbiculus. To assess the relative contribution of host and symbiont algae to the holobiont thermal tolerance we separately evaluated their response by measuring calcification rates and photosynthetic activity under present-day and future warming scenarios. Our results show that both holobionts exhibit thermal resilience up to 32 °C and sensitivity to 35 °C. This sensitivity differs in the magnitude of their response: calcification of A. lobifera was completely inhibited while it was only reduced in S. orbiculus. Thus, future warming will significantly shift the relative contribution of the two species as carbonate producers. Moreover, A. lobifera exhibited a synchronized response of the host and symbionts. In contrast, in S. orbiculus the symbionts responded prior to the host, possibly limiting its resilience. Our results also demonstrate the role of pre-exposure and acclimation processes of host, symbionts or both in mitigating future warming. It highlights the possibility that while pre-exposure to moderate temperatures benefits the holobiont, in cases of extreme temperature it might reduce its thermal tolerance.
Physical and biogeochemical impacts of RCP8.5 scenario in the Peru upwelling system
Authors: Echevin Vincent , Gévaudan Manon , Espinoza-Morriberon Dante , Tam Jorge , Aumont Olivier , Gutierrez Dimitri , Colas François
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The northern Humboldt current system (NHCS or Peru upwelling system) sustains the world's largest small pelagic fishery. While a nearshore surface cooling has been observed off southern Peru in recent decades, there is still considerable debate on the impact of climate change on the regional ecosystem. This calls for more accurate regional climate projections of the 21st century, using adapted tools such as regional eddy-resolving coupled biophysical models. In this study 3 coarse-grid Earth System Models (ESMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are selected based on their biogeochemical biases upstream of the NHCS and simulations for the so-called business-as-usual RCP8.5 climate scenario are dynamically downscaled at 10 km resolution in the NHCS. The impact of regional climate change on temperature, coastal upwelling, nutrient content, deoxygenation and the planktonic ecosystem is documented. We find that the downscaling approach allows to correct major physical and biogeochemical biases of the ESMs. All regional simulations display a surface warming regardless of the coastal upwelling trends. Contrasted evolutions of the NHCS oxygen minimum zone and enhanced stratification of phytoplankton are found in the coastal region. Whereas trends of downscaled physical parameters are consistent with ESM trends, downscaled biogeochemical trends differ markedly. These results suggest that more realism of the ESMs is needed in the eastern equatorial Pacific to gain robustness in the projection of regional trends in the NHCS.
Experimental evidences for bifurcation angles control on abandoned channel fill geometry
Authors: Szewczyk Léo , Grimaud Jean-Louis , Cojan Isabelle
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The nature of abandoned channels sedimentary fills has a significant influence on the development and evolution of floodplains and ultimately on fluvial reservoir geometry. A control of bifurcation geometry (i.e., bifurcation angle) on channel abandonment dynamics and resulting channel fills, such as sandplug, has been intuited many times but never quantified. In this study we present a series of experiments focusing on bedload transport designed to test the conditions for channel abandonment by modifying the bifurcation angle between channels, the flow incidence angles and the differential channel bottom slopes. We find that disconnection is possible in the case of asymmetrical bifurcations with high diversion angle (≥ 30°) and quantify for the first time a relationship between diversion angle and sandplug length and volume. The resulting sandplug formation is initiated in the flow separation zone at the external bank of the mouth of the diverted channel. Sedimentation in this zone initiates a feedback loop leading to sandplug growth, discharge decrease and eventually to channel disconnection. Finally, the formation processes and final complex architecture of sandplugs are described, allowing for a better understanding of their geometry. Although our setup lacks the complexity of natural rivers, our results seem to apply at larger scales. Taken into account, these new data will improve the realism of fluvial models.
Impact of high-resolution sea surface temperature representation on the forecast of small Mediterranean catchments' hydrological responses to heavy precipitation
Authors: Senatore Alfonso , Furnari Luca , Mendicino Giuseppe
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Operational meteo-hydrological forecasting chains are
affected by many sources of uncertainty. In coastal areas characterized by
complex topography, with several medium-to-small size catchments,
quantitative precipitation forecast becomes even more challenging due to the
interaction of intense air–sea exchanges with coastal orography. For such
areas, which are quite common in the Mediterranean Basin, improved representation of
sea surface temperature (SST) space–time patterns can be particularly
important. The paper focuses on the relative impact of different resolutions
of SST representation on regional operational forecasting chains (up to
river discharge estimates) over coastal Mediterranean catchments, with
respect to two other fundamental options while setting up the system, i.e.
the choice of the forcing general
circulation model (GCM) and the possible use of a three-dimensional
variational assimilation (3D-Var) scheme. Two different kinds of severe
hydro-meteorological events that affected the Calabria region (southern Italy)
in 2015 are analysed using the WRF-Hydro atmosphere–hydrology modelling system
in its uncoupled version. Both of the events are modelled using the
0.25∘ resolution global forecasting system (GFS) and the
16 km resolution integrated forecasting system (IFS) initial and lateral
atmospheric boundary conditions, which are from the European Centre for
Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), applying the WRF mesoscale model for the
dynamical downscaling. For the IFS-driven forecasts, the effects of the
3D-Var scheme are also analysed. Finally, native initial and lower boundary SST
data are replaced with data from the Medspiration project by Institut Français de Recherche pour L'Exploitation
de la Mer (IFREMER)/Centre European Remote Sensing d'Archivage et de
Traitement (CERSAT),
which have a 24 h time resolution and a 2.2 km spatial resolution.
Precipitation estimates are compared with both ground-based and radar data,
as well as discharge estimates with stream gauging stations' data. Overall,
the experiments highlight that the added value of high-resolution SST
representation can be hidden by other more relevant sources of uncertainty,
especially the choice of the general circulation model providing the boundary
conditions. Nevertheless, in most cases, high-resolution SST fields show a
non-negligible impact on the simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer
processes, modifying flow dynamics and/or the amount of precipitated water; thus, this emphasizes the fact that uncertainty in SST representation should be duly
taken into account in operational forecasting in coastal areas.
Modeling the effects of sediment concentration on the propagation of flash floods in an Andean watershed
Authors: Contreras María Teresa , Escauriaza Cristián
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Rain-induced flash floods are common events in regions near mountain ranges. In peri-urban areas near the Andes the combined effects of the changing climate and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have resulted in an alarming proximity of populated areas to flood-prone streams, increasing the risk for cities and infrastructure. Simulations of rapid floods in these watersheds are particularly challenging, due to the complex morphology, the insufficient hydrometeorological data, and the uncertainty posed by the variability of sediment concentration. High concentrations produced by hillslope erosion and rilling by the overland flow in areas with steep slopes and low vegetational covering can significantly change the dynamics of the flow as the flood propagates in the channel.
In this investigation, we develop a two-dimensional finite-volume numerical model of the nonlinear shallow water equations coupled with the mass conservation of sediment to study the effects of different densities, which include a modified version of the quadratic stress model to quantify the changes in the flow rheology.
We carry out simulations to evaluate the effects of the sediment concentration on the floods in the Quebrada de Ramón watershed, a peri-urban Andean basin in central Chile. We simulate a confluence and a total length of the channel of 10.4 km, with the same water hydrographs and different combinations of sediment concentrations in the tributaries.
Our results show that the sediment concentration has strong impacts on flow velocities and water depths. Compared to clear-water flow, the wave-front velocity slows down more than 70 % for floods with a volumetric concentration of 60 % and the total flooded area is 36 % larger when the sediment concentration is equal to 20 %. The maximum flow momentum at cross sections in the urban area increases 14.5 % on average when the mean concentration along the main channel changes from 30 % to 44 %. Simulations also show that other variables such as the arrival time of the peak flow and the shape of the hydrograph at different locations along the channel are not significantly affected by the sediment concentration and depend mostly on the steep channel morphology.
Through this work we provide a framework for future studies aimed at improving hazard assessment, urban planning, and early warning systems in urban areas near mountain streams with limited data and affected by rapid flood events.