bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circulating miR-1246 Targeting UBE2C, TNNI3, TRAIP, UCHL1 Genes and Key Pathways as a Potential Biomarker for Lung Adenocarcinoma: Integrated Biological Network Analysis
Authors: Huang Siyuan , Wei Yong-Kai , Kaliamurthi Satyavani , Cao Yanghui , Nangraj Asma Sindhoo , Sui Xin , Chu Dan , Wang Huan , Wei Dong-Qing , Peslherbe Gilles H. , Selvaraj Gurudeeban , Shi Jiang
Published: October 2020

Analysis of circulating miRNAs (cmiRNAs) before surgical operation (BSO) and after the surgical operation (ASO) has been informative for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) diagnosis, progression, and outcomes of treatment. Thus, we performed a biological network analysis to identify the potential target genes (PTGs) of the overexpressed cmiRNA signatures from LUAD samples that had undergone surgical therapy. Differential expression (DE) analysis of microarray datasets, including cmiRNAs (GSE137140) and cmRNAs (GSE69732), was conducted using the Limma package. cmiR-1246 was predicted as a significantly upregulated cmiRNA of LUAD samples BSO and ASO. Then, 9802 miR-1246 target genes (TGs) were predicted using 12 TG prediction platforms (MiRWalk, miRDB, and TargetScan). Briefly, 425 highly expressed overlapping miRNA-1246 TGs were observed between the prediction platform and the cmiRNA dataset. ClueGO predicted cell projection morphogenesis, chemosensory behavior, and glycosaminoglycan binding, and the PI3K–Akt signaling pathways were enriched metabolic interactions regulating miRNA-1245 overlapping TGs in LUAD. Using 425 overlapping miR-1246 TGs, a protein–protein interaction network was constructed. Then, 12 PTGs of three different Walktrap modules were identified; among them, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C), troponin T1(TNNT1), T-cell receptor alpha locus interacting protein (TRAIP), and ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase L1(UCHL1) were positively correlated with miR-1246, and the high expression of these genes was associated with better overall survival of LUAD. We conclude that PTGs of cmiRNA-1246 and key pathways, namely, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, glycosaminoglycan binding, the DNA metabolic process, and the PI3K–Akt–mTOR signaling pathway, the neurotrophin and cardiomyopathy signaling pathway, and the MAPK signaling pathway provide new insights on a noninvasive prognostic biomarker for LUAD.
Language Development Disorder in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), a Case Study
Authors: Vega-Rodríguez Yuri E. , Garayzabal-Heinze Elena , Moraleda-Sepúlveda Esther
Published: October 2020

Prenatal alcohol exposure can cause developmental damage in children. There are different types and ranges of alterations that fall under the name of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Disabilities in learning, cognition, and behavior are observed. Environmental conditions are an influencing factor in this population since they are generally adverse and are either not diagnosed at an early stage or given the appropriate support and approach. We present a case study of a 9-year-old child, in which all the variables affecting his development (FASD diagnosis and socioenvironmental conditions) were observed and analyzed. His early childhood under institutional care, the move to a foster home at the age of 6, and several measures of evaluation from foster care to the present are described. Difficulties in vocabulary, access to vocabulary, morphology, syntax, grammar, oral narrative, pragmatics, speech, and communication were observed, along with cognitive difficulties in memory, perception and executive functioning, social adaptation, learning, and behavior. An early diagnosis and approach enable this population to develop skills in different dimensions to address early adversity despite their neurological and behavioral commitment. Speech-language pathologist services are crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of the language and communication difficulties that characterize this syndrome.
Preparation of Shellac Resin Microcapsules Coated with Urea Formaldehyde Resin and Properties of Waterborne Paint Films for Tilia amurensis Rupr.
Authors: Yan Xiaoxing , Wang Lin
Published: October 2020

A two-step in situ polymerization method was utilized to fabricate urea formaldehyde (UF) resin-coated shellac resin microcapsules. The morphology and composition of microcapsules with different core-wall ratios were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and infrared (IR) spectrum. The effects of different concentrations of microcapsules on gloss, color difference, hardness, adhesion, and impact resistance of waterborne paint films were studied. At the same time, the self-healing effect of the prepared microcapsules applied to waterborne paint film was discussed. The results revealed that the shellac resin microcapsules coated with UF resin were successfully prepared. At the 0.67:1 and 0.75:1 core-wall ratios, the color differences of the paint film with 0–20.0% (weight percent) microcapsules were small and the color was uniform. Under the condition of 60° incident angle and the same microcapsule concentration, a good gloss was obtained. When the concentration was 20.0%, the hardness of paint film reached the maximum value. The adhesion of paint film was better, which was not affected by microcapsule concentration. When the concentration was 5.0% and 10.0%, the microstructure of paint film was good. The paint film with a 10.0% concentration of the shellac resin microcapsules coated with UF resin had better self-healing performance and the comprehensive performance was better. This paper provides the basis for the industrial application of self-healing waterborne wood paint films.
Solid-State Membrane Sensors Based on Man-Tailored Biomimetic Receptors for Selective Recognition of Isoproturon and Diuron Herbicides
Authors: Kamel Ayman H. , Amr Abd El-Galil E. , Al-Omar Mohamed A. , Almehizia Abdulrahman A.
Published: October 2020

Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) have shown great potential for routine and portable ion detection. The introduction of nanomaterials as ion-to-electron transducers and the adoption of different performance-enhancement strategies have significantly promoted the development of SC-ISEs. Herein, new solid-contact ion-selective electrodes, along with the implementation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as ion-to-electron transducers and potassium tetrakis (p-chlorophenyl) borate (KTpClB) as lipophilic ionic additives, were presented for the detection of isoproturon (IPU) and diuron (DU) herbicides. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), with special molecule recognition properties for isoproturon (IPU) and diuron (DU), were prepared, characterized, and introduced as sensory recognition materials in the presented electrodes. Sensors revealed a near-Nernstian response for both isoproturon (IPU) and diuron (DU) with slopes of 53.1 ± 1.2 (r2 = 0.997) and 57.2 ± 0.3 (r2 = 0.998) over the linear ranges of 2.2 × 10−6–1.0 × 10−3 M and 3.2 × 10−6–1.0 × 10−3 M with detection limits of 8.3 × 10−7 and 1.4 × 10−6 M, respectively. The response time of the presented sensors was found to be <5 s and the lifetime was at least eight weeks. The sensors exhibited good selectivity towards isoproturon (IPU) and diuron (DU) in comparison with some other herbicides, alkali, alkaline earth, and heavy metal ions. The presented sensors were successfully applied for the direct determination of isoproturon (IPU) and diuron (DU) in real water samples.
Modeling Precipitation Hardening and Yield Strength in Cast Al-Si-Mg-Mn Alloys
Authors: Cinkilic Emre , Yan Xinyan , Luo Alan A.
Published: October 2020

An integrated precipitation and strengthening model, incorporating the effect of precipitate morphology on precipitation kinetics and yield strength, is developed based on a modified Kampmann–Wagner numerical (KWN) framework with a precipitate shape factor. The optimized model was used to predict the yield strength of Al-Si-Mg-Mn casting alloys produced by vacuum high pressure die casting at various aged (T6) conditions. The solid solution strengthening contribution of Mn, which is a common alloying element to avoid die soldering, was included in the model to increase the prediction accuracy. The experimental results and simulations show good agreement and the model is capable of reliably predicting yield strength of aluminum die castings after T6 heat treatment, providing a useful tool to tailor heat treatment for a variety of applications.
Influence of AISI D2 Workpiece Roughness on Heat Partition and Plasma Channel Radius in the WEDM Process
Authors: Wang Jun , Sánchez Jose Antonio , Izquierdo Borja , Ayesta Izaro
Published: October 2020

As an important advanced machining process, in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) certain fundamental issues remain need to be studied in-depth, such as the effect of part surface roughness on heat transfer mechanisms. In the WEDM process, roughing cut wire goes into the workpiece to do the first shaping and in trim cut the wire sweeps on the outer surface to improve the surface roughness. In both of these two cases, the generation of sparks depends on the passing surface roughness. Therefore, with AISI D2 material and brass wire, this paper presents a study of the influence of part surface roughness on heat partition and the radius of the plasma channel in the WEDM process. Through extensive single discharge experiments, it is shown that the removal capacity per discharge can increase if the discharge occurs on a smoother surface. A Finite Element thermal model was then used for inverse fitting of the values of heat partition and radius of the plasma channel. These parameters completely define the characteristics of the heat conduction problem. The results indicate a strong correlation between an increase in heat partition ratio and a decrease in part surface roughness. The values of plasma channel radius show an increase in this value when discharging on rougher surfaces. It means that with the increasing of plasma channel radius, the heat source goes into the workpiece more dispersed. In the case of rougher surface, although the there is more area that affected by the heat source, finally the temperature of most area cannot reach to the melting point and it causes the smaller crater radius and volume, while the metal removal rate decreases. These results contribute towards a more complete understanding of the influence of surface roughness to the spark occurring.
Ongoing Coevolution of Wolbachia and a Widespread Invasive Ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes
Authors: Lee Chih-Chi , Lin Chun-Yi , Tseng Shu-Ping , Matsuura Kenji , Yang Chin-Cheng Scotty
Published: October 2020

While Wolbachia are commonly found among arthropods, intraspecific infection rates can vary substantially across the geographic populations. Here we report nearly 100% prevalence of Wolbachia in the global populations of the yellow crazy ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes. To understand coevolutionary history between Wolbachia and A. gracilipes, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Wolbachia from the ant across 12 geographical regions and compared the phylogeny of SNP-based Wolbachia to patterns of the ant’s mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation. Our results revealed a strong concordance between phylogenies of Wolbachia and host mtDNA, providing immediate evidence of co-divergence. Among eight identified SNP loci separating the genetic clusters of Wolbachia, seven loci are located in potential protein-coding genes, three of which being non-synonymous SNPs that may influence gene functions. We found a Wolbachia hypothetical protein gene with signature of positive selection. These findings jointly allow us to characterize Wolbachia-ant coevolution and also raise a question about mechanism(s) underlying maintenance of high prevalence of Wolbachia during the colonization of this invasive ant.
Smectitization as a Trigger of Bacterially Mediated Mn-Fe Micronodule Generation in Felsic Glass (Livno-Tomislavgrad Paleolake, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Authors: Badurina Luka , Šegvić Branimir , Mandic Oleg , Zanoni Giovanni
Published: October 2020

Miocene tuffs preserved in argillaceous sediment interbedded with lacustrine successions are commonly encountered throughout the Dinarides Lake System (DLS) in south-eastern Europe. In this contribution the volcanic glass degradation and co-genetic Mn-Fe precipitation were studied in a 14.68 Ma felsic tuff from DLS Livno-Tomislavgrad Basin. Microbial activity has been involved in both reactions thus adding the interest of revealing effects of biotic and abiotic processes taking place during tuff eogenesis. X-ray diffraction and electron microbeam analysis with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed the pitting or granular structures developed at glass rims along with smectite flakes protruding from a degrading glass. Mn-Fe mineralization emerges in the form of Mn-Fe coatings, an initial step to micronodule formation, where traces of biogenetic influence included a high content of phases rich in structural Mn (IV) (i.e., ranciéite and jacobsite) and presence of microbial microfossils. Co-genetic ties between glass degradation and Mn-Fe precipitation were established through the report of dioctahedral smectite formed out of altered glass; which then served as nuclei of the ongoing biotic and abiotic Mn-Fe mineralization. These processes manifest on a continuous involvement of microbial life in the course of eogenesis of pyroclastic material in lacustrine environments.
Temperature Sensing in the Short-Wave Infrared Spectral Region Using Core-Shell NaGdF4:Yb3+, Ho3+, Er3+@NaYF4 Nanothermometers
Authors: Pominova Daria , Proydakova Vera , Romanishkin Igor , Ryabova Anastasia , Kuznetsov Sergei , Uvarov Oleg , Fedorov Pavel , Loschenov Victor
Published: October 2020

The short-wave infrared region (SWIR) is promising for deep-tissue visualization and temperature sensing due to higher penetration depth and reduced scattering of radiation. However, the strong quenching of luminescence in biological media and low thermal sensitivity of nanothermometers in this region are major drawbacks that limit their practical application. Nanoparticles doped with rare-earth ions are widely used as thermal sensors operating in the SWIR region through the luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) approach. In this study, the effect of the shell on the sensitivity of temperature determination using NaGdF4 nanoparticles doped with rare-earth ions (REI) Yb3+, Ho3+, and Er3+ coated with an inert NaYF4 shell was investigated. We found that coating the nanoparticles with a shell significantly increases the intensity of luminescence in the SWIR range, prevents water from quenching luminescence, and decreases the temperature of laser-induced heating. Thermometry in the SWIR spectral region was demonstrated using synthesized nanoparticles in dry powder and in water. The core-shell nanoparticles obtained had intense luminescence and made it possible to determine temperatures in the range of 20–40 °C. The relative thermal sensitivity of core-shell NPs was 0.68% °C−1 in water and 4.2% °C−1 in dry powder.
Interface-Induced Near-Infrared Response of Gold-Silica Hybrid Nanoparticles Antennas
Authors: Rahman Atta Ur , Geng Junping , Rehman Sami Ur , Iqbal Muhammad Javid , Jin Ronghong
Published: October 2020

We proposed an IR absorber hybrid nanoantenna comprise of two overlapping gold nanoparticles residing over larger a silica nanoparticle. A wet chemical route was employed to prepare the hybrid structure of nanoantenna. High-resolution transmission electron microscope was used to measure the size and morphology of the nanoantenna. The Hybrid nanoantenna was excited by electron beam to investigate the optical response over a large wavelength range using Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy. The beam of the electron was focused and we measured the electron energy loss spectra at different point of interest, which confirmed the of Low Energy Surface Plasmon Politron resonances in the IR region. The optical response of the nanoantenna was simulated numerically by employing Electric Hertzian dipole using finite element method with frequency domain solver in CST Microwave Studio. We used the Electric Hertzian dipole approach for the first time to model the Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy experiment. The Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy experimental results with their numerically simulated values confirmed the plasmonic resonance at the interface of the two overlapped gold nanoparticles.
Recent Advances of Graphene-Derived Nanocomposites in Water-Based Drilling Fluids
Authors: Ikram Rabia , Mohamed Jan Badrul , Vejpravova Jana , Choudhary M. Iqbal , Zaman Chowdhury Zaira
Published: October 2020

Nanocomposite materials have distinctive potential for various types of captivating usage in drilling fluids as a well-designed solution for the petroleum industry. Owing to the improvement of drilling fluids, it is of great importance to fabricate unique nanocomposites and advance their functionalities for amplification in base fluids. There is a rising interest in assembling nanocomposites for the progress of rheological and filtration properties. A series of drilling fluid formulations have been reported for graphene-derived nanocomposites as additives. Over the years, the emergence of these graphene-derived nanocomposites has been employed as a paradigm to formulate water-based drilling fluids (WBDF). Herein, we provide an overview of nanocomposites evolution as engineered materials for enhanced rheological attributes in drilling operations. We also demonstrate the state-of-the-art potential graphene-derived nanocomposites for enriched rheology and other significant properties in WBDF. This review could conceivably deliver the inspiration and pathways to produce novel fabrication of nanocomposites and the production of other graphenaceous materials grafted nanocomposites for the variety of drilling fluids.
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Induce an Adverse Effect on Blood Glucose Levels Depending On the Dose and Route of Administration in Healthy and Diabetic Rats
Authors: Virgen-Ortiz Adolfo , Apolinar-Iribe Alejandro , Díaz-Reval Irene , Parra-Delgado Hortensia , Limón-Miranda Saraí , Sánchez-Pastor Enrique Alejandro , Castro-Sánchez Luis , Jesús Castillo Santos , Dagnino-Acosta Adan , Bonales-Alatorre Edgar , Rodríguez-Hernández Alejandrina
Published: October 2020

Different studies in experimental diabetes models suggest that zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are useful as antidiabetic agents. However, this evidence was performed and measured in long-term treatments and with repeated doses of ZnONPs. This work aimed to evaluate the ZnONPs acute effects on glycemia during the next six h after an oral or intraperitoneal administration of the treatment in healthy and diabetic rats. In this study, the streptozotocin-nicotinamide intraperitoneal administration in male Wistar rats were used as a diabetes model. 10 mg/kg ZnONPs did not modify the baseline glucose in any group. Nevertheless, the ZnONPs short-term administration (100 mg/kg) induced a hyperglycemic response in a dose and route-dependent administration in healthy (130 ± 2 and 165 ± 10 mg/dL with oral and intraperitoneal, respectively) and diabetic rats (155 ± 2 and 240 ± 20 mg/dL with oral, and intraperitoneal, respectively). The diabetic rats were 1.5 fold more sensitive to ZnONPs effect by the intraperitoneal route. In conclusion, this study provides new information about the acute response of ZnONPs on fasting glycemia in diabetic and healthy rat models; these data are essential for possible future clinical approaches.
Sunlight-Induced Synthesis of Non-Target Biosafety Silver Nanoparticles for the Control of Rice Bacterial Diseases
Authors: Shang Hongyi , Zhou Zehao , Wu Xuemin , Li Xuefeng , Xu Yong
Published: October 2020

Silver is an important and efficient bactericide. Nanoscale silver has a large specific surface area, high target adhesion, strong permeability and high bactericidal activity. At present, the control of plant bacterial diseases is difficult, and the resistance of plant bacterial pathogens develops rapidly. Silver nanoparticles are expected to become a new generation of agrochemical to control plant bacterial diseases. In this study, a simple and green natural sunlight-induced method was used to prepare carboxymethylcellulose sodium-stabilized silver nanoparticles (CMC-SNs) with a particle size of around 13.53 ± 4.72 nm. CMC-SNs were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis spectroscopy and found to be spherical and evenly dispersed. The bacteriostatic activity of the CMC-SNs toward Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) was tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CMC-SNs to Xoo was 1 mg/L, and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 2 mg/L. In addition, the antibacterial mechanism was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), which confirmed that the CMC-SNs had high antibacterial activity. In order to verify its impact on the environment, we conducted an acute toxicity test on zebrafish and found that Half lethal concentration (LC50) > 100 mg/L in zebrafish, or no acute toxicity. The ability of CMC-SNs to control rice bacterial blight was verified by a pot experiment.
Review of Experimental Methods for Measuring the Ignition and Combustion Characteristics of Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Zarko Vladimir , Glazunov Anatoly
Published: October 2020

Investigations in recent decades have shown that the combustion mechanism of metal particles changes dramatically with diminishing size. Consequently, theoretical description of the ignition and combustion of metal nanoparticles requires additional research. At the same time, to substantiate theoretical models, it is necessary to obtain objective experimental information about characteristics of ignition and combustion processes, which is associated with solving serious technical problems. The presented review analyzes specific features of existing experimental methods implied for studying ignition and combustion of metal nanoparticles. This particularly concerns the methods for correct determination of nanoparticles size, correct description of their heat-exchange parameters, and determining the ignition delay and combustion times. It is stressed that the problem exists of adequate comparison of the data obtained with the use of different techniques of particles’ injection into a hot gas zone and the use of different methods of reaction time measurement. Additionally, available in the literature, data are obtained for particles of different material purity and different state of oxide layer. Obviously, it is necessary to characterize in detail all relevant parameters of a particle’s material and measurement techniques. It is also necessary to continue developing advanced approaches for obtaining narrow fractions of nanoparticles and for detailed recording of dynamic particles’ behavior in a hot gas environment.
LABOUR OF MEDICS OF PERM LAND DURING WORLD WAR II
Authors: Shestova Tat’yana Yu.
Published: October 2020

During the years of the Second World War, Molotov Region (what is now called Perm Land) became the location of hospitals for wounded soldiers due to the presence of several medical universities. The article discusses the organisation of evacuation hospitals, the transfer of equipment to hospitals from civilian hospitals. The statistics of the return of the wounded, not only to ordinary life, but also to military activity, is refl ected, an increased percentage of return to duty in relation to the statistics of the USSR is substantiated. Particular attention is paid to the reprofi ling of medics to treat injuries and accelerated training of surgeons. Changes in the training of students in wartime are studied, the possibilities of using the labour of students in practical sanitary actions are demonstrated. On the basis of the donor movement in Molotov Region, the development of hematology and the advantages of blood transfusion in the USSR over Germany are refl ected. The article analyses the creation of the Academic Council for medical workers, which allowed redirecting the scientifi c interests of
doctors to the realities of war. Specifi c biographies of medical scientists are refl ected, including the biography of the future academician Yevgeniy Vagner, in fact of German ethnicity himself. The article examines medical care in the Ural factories of military importance, refl ects the introduction of local raw materials into medical instruments.
CONSUMERS COOPERATIVE SOCIETY IN YAROSLAVL REGION AT THE PERIOD OF WORLD WAR II
Authors: Zuyev Aleksey N. , Nikonov Ivan I.
Published: October 2020

The article reveals the problems raised towards the consumers cooperative society in the context of the beginning of World War II. The authors show that the cooperative society activity was under control of the Communist Party leadership and authorities. The article refl ects the changes in the fi nancial system of the consumers cooperative society and cooperative work. The authors enlighten particular activity and statistics of the consumers cooperative society of Yaroslavl Region on procuring and commodities production. The article is about diffi culties faced at the increment of cooperative distributing network and public catering as well as the measures taken by the party and cooperative authorities corrective measure towards removal of disadvantages. A special emphasis in the article is made to describe the targeted help of the cooperators to particular fronts and districts. The authors also investigated through Yaroslavl co-operators attitude and practical help to the western regions and Leningrad regarding children’s and adults’ supply with all necessary items and goods. The article
describes the process of output expansion by the commodities production such as clothes, shoes, dishes and furniture. For the fi rst time the archival sources have been scientifi cally implemented. The conclusion is drawn regarding successful consumers
cooperative society activity to solve tasks for essential commodities supply, making possible the state factories diversify its production for specifi c immediate demands of the front.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CONSUMERS COOPERATIVE SOCIETY IN PROVISIONING OF COLLECTIVE FARM PEASANTRY OF ALTAI LAND IN THE YEARS OF WORLD WAR II: IN TERMS OF POTTERY AND MANUFACTURE OF WOODEN SOLE BOOTS
Authors: Shcheglova Tat’yana K. , Rykov Aleksey V
Published: October 2020

The war between Nazi Germany and the USSR caused drastic changes in the Soviet system of distribution of goods. Reorientation of factories on military contracts led to diminishing of the centralised production of goods for consumers in rear areas. As a result, consumers cooperative society started to play an important role. The article considers the problems of consumers cooperative society and local enterprises which were its major suppliers. Through the example of pottery and manufacture of wooden sole boots diffi culties of reorganisation of enterprises in the context of war are revealed. The problems of interaction of local enterprises and consumers cooperative society are considered. In conclusion, the author points out that the major problem of reorganisation of enterprises in the context of war was the shortage of raw materials and the signifi cant factor of development was hand-crafted character of anufacturing. A certain problem was created by the reluctance of enterprises to deliver their production at artifi cially low state prices and its poor quality. The consequence of that was the decrease of signifi cance of consumers cooperative society and the increase of the ratio of market trade in provisioning of collective farm peasantry.
RODION RASKOLNIKOV’S IDEA IN VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hoan
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the translation into Vietnamese of excerpts about the protagonist Rodion Raskolnikov’s idea in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel «Crime and Punishment». We used all available Vietnamese translations of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel, adapted of the original language. We have done a comparative analysis of translations of the verbal conceptualisation of Rodion Raskolnikov’s ideas and their reverse translations accompanied by their analysis. What is worth drawing attention to, are the depressing poverty of Raskolnikov, his social protest as the main motives which made the hero to pass to the terrible crime. There is weakened interest in the hero’s idea, in its hidden godless character of Raskolnikov’s ideas – the protagonist challenges not only the outrageous social injustice, but also the foundations of Orthodoxy, according to which
the Law of moral goodness comes from God rather than from humans. It has been shown that Vietnamese translators, working on the translations of «Crime and Punishment», have experienced several diffi culties. The main one is their lack of
understanding and knowledge of the realia from Russian people’s daily religious and cultural life in the mid-19th century. The realities of everyday life and spiritual Orthodoxy are often replaced by the realities of the Buddhist cult, which brings to the
novel an unusual «oriental» religious fl avour. Some specifi c clarifi cations are suggested for unclear content in the available translations.
THE PROPER NAME IN THE STORIES BY VLADIMIR NABOKOV (on the examples of the stories «An Affair of Honor» and «Christmas»)
Authors: Kovalev Boris V. , Pugach Vadim Ye.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the semantics of proper names in the stories «An Affair of Honor» and «Christmas» by Vladimir Nabokov. Topicality of the study is due to the emergence of a large number of studies devoted to the most striking
and obvious cases related to the analysis of the semantics of proper names in Vladimir Nabokov, to an insuffi cient analysis of the nominations in the texts of the small form. The work uses the methods of semantic and intertextual analysis. The analysis of the names of each character of the stories «An Affair of Honor» and «Christmas» is carried out. It turns out that the peculiarity of the story «Scoundrel» is «pairedness», which manifests itself at all levels – from name to composition. The names of characters pairwise located in the story are investigated. On the material of the story «Christmas», the phenomenon of an incomplete name is studied – one character has a name but lacks last name (footman Ivan), another has a last name but not name – Sleptsov, and the name of Sleptsov’s son is not mentioned at all in the story. The authors conclude that in small form the hero does not need to have both a fi rst name and a last name. One thing is enough – if it clearly and clearly characterizes the image, then the absence of one of the components is not signifi cant. The image of the main character is analysed, it is proved that a hero by the name of Sleptsov has moral and aesthetic blindness. The special mechanisms of correlation of the name system with the system of characters are revealed, an attempt is made to classify proper names in Vladimir Nabokov’s work. The authors propose classifying names according to the mechanism for implementing the name in the text (one-step and two-step mechanism) and according to the method of formulation (speaking name, key-name, pun-name). It turns out that Vladimir Nabokov uses the same mechanisms and regularities in building a name system in both small and large form, however, it is in stories that these mechanisms are formed and fi rst used by Nabokov. The question is raised about the need for further use of the method of analysis of proper names in Vladimir Nabokov.
BUSINESS AND NATIONAL SECURITY – MODERN PERCEPTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATION
Authors: Cherkasov Konstantin V. , Piptyuk Anna V.
Published: October 2020

The spring of 2020 was marked by a severe economic crisis caused by the spread of a new coronavirus infection, falling oil prices and the instability of the global economy. In the current situation of imposition of restrictive measures, many
entrepreneurs are deprived of the opportunity to provide services or sell goods, and consumers are unable to use and purchase them. The principle of entrepreneurial freedom is being restricted in order to protect the life and health of the population.
These circumstances require the State to take relevant legal and economic decisions, including the establishing of a system of business support measures. In the article, the authors recognize the problematic aspects of realization of the principle of entrepreneurial freedom in terms of the pandemic and the use of the administrative coercive measures. Research is carried out on the positions expressed in the scientifi c literature on the collaboration between the State and business, and the tendencies of improvements in the law in the analysed area are being considered. We conclude that the Russian legal system is not prepared for the epidemiological situation caused by the spread of the new virus. This poses a serious threat to national security. In order to eliminate the threat, some recommendations are made. It is stated that the adoption of the Conception
of business legislative improvements, including certain provisions of administrative law, could precede the legislative work. A proposal is made to develop, at the level of federal law, clear legal requirements that defi ne the limits on the restriction of
freedom of business in the event of a biological hazard.
ON THE DEFINITION OF INVESTMENT IN LEGISLATION AND SCIENCE
Authors: Shpinyov Yuriy S.
Published: October 2020

The article deals with General theoretical and practical problems of defi ning the concept of investment in legislation and legal science. It is noted that despite the rapid development of investment relations, there are still regulations that require
either cancellation or serious revision. One of the problems is the use of the concept of investment in different meanings in the three main laws regulating investment relations. In this regard, it is emphasised that the use of a single term that allows for different interpretations contradicts the legislative technique and negatively affects law enforcement practice. The authors identify the reasons why there is no single legal defi nition of investment to date, the main ones being the lack of demand for the laws in question in law enforcement practice, as well as the lack of a single doctoral approach to the concept of investment. As a result, it is concluded that the scientifi c understanding and development of this concept with subsequent amendments to legislative acts is one of the most important tasks of the science of business law at this stage.
A Case of Transient Cortical Blindness in Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in the Late Postpartum Period
Authors: K. Nair Dr. Krishna. , R Dr. Jayanthi. , Meda Dr. Sahitya
Published: October 2020

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a reversible neurological entity characterized by seizure, headaches, visual symptoms, impaired consciousness and other focal neurological findings.
A Survey on HVDC Power Transmission Systems
Authors: KUTAY Mahir , USMAN Ahmad
Published: October 2020

Electric power is generated and transported globally by the means of an “Alternating Current” (AC) process. However, there are some applications in which “Direct Current” (DC) power transmission is superior to AC. Problems due to the lack of technology that provides good control and regulation for conversions of DC-to-AC and AC-to-DC hampered deployment of DC power transmission technology. The development of power electronic devices has removed a large portion of restrictions on “High Voltage Direct Current” (HVDC) power transportation. HVDC use has become part of daily use for a long time due to its economic benefits and technical advantages over the “High Voltage Alternating Current” (HVAC) power transmission. The advantages of HVDC make it suitable for power transmission over long distances and for connecting power systems of countries operating at different frequencies. This paper introduces the principles of HVDC, compares the applications of HVDC in the world, and discusses the future improvements needed within this technology.
Hyperbolic Type Traveling Wave Solutions of Regularized Long Wave Equation
Authors: DURUR Hülya , YOKUŞ Asıf , KAYA Doğan
Published: October 2020

The main goal of this study is to obtain the traveling wave solutions for Regularized Long Wave (RLW) equation by using (1/G') -expansion method. By giving special values to the constants in the solutions obtained, 3D, 2D, and contour graphics are presented. These graphics are a special solution of the (RLW) equation, and they represent a stationary wave of the equation. A computer package program is used to find the solutions and graphics presented in this article.
Aksjologiczne podstawy konstytucji
Authors: Stawrowski Zbigniew
Published: October 2020

The axiology embedded in a constitution refers to a political community in its most and its developed, modern form, which we refer to as a constitutional state. The basis of such a state institutional and legal structure, recorded in the fundamental law, is comprised of fundamental values that gradually filter into the consciousness and are subsequently universally accepted during a long-lasting, historical process which has been completed in a given cultural milieu. In order to indicate the values on which a constitutional state is founded and which it embodies, it is necessary to reach back to the very beginnings of not only a modern state before the epoch of a constitution, but also to those of the state as such. An axiological appraisal of a state must be based on the specific content of the ethical order at its foundations. There is a specific ‘axiology’ of exerting power as such, the basic yardstick for which is effectiveness. When we aim to appraise or draft a specific constitution, this pragmatic perspective must be taken into account. A well-organised system of the institutions of the state’s authority is, primarily, one which operates effectively.Axiologically, the most important part of a constitution, the one where the ethical foundations of the state are spelled out expressis verbis, is the catalogue of basic rights. At present, the main problem is the inflation of these rights, not only by rendering them too detailed, but also by placing political stipulations, social privileges or expectations regarded as generally right among them. (The II chapter of the Constitution now in force in Poland makes an instructive illustration of such an approach.) All these superfluous appendages not only litter the constitution, but also contribute to the devaluation of real fundamental rights as their meaning, essential to the maintenance of an interpersonal order, is diluted in the flood of quasi rights which have been added on.
Polityka i konstytucja. Refleksje nad prawem do prywatności w kontekście orzecznictwa Sądu Najwyższego Stanów Zjednoczonych
Authors: Prostak Rafał
Published: October 2020

The political system of a democratic and liberal state lacks a space free of the necessity to confirm the rational character of authoritative decisions. The most important forum for such a validation is the hearings chamber of the constitutional tribunal. In the United States, the court empowered to make the final appraisal of the constitutionality of decisions made by the state authority, including their rational character, is the Federal Supreme Court, a nine-person collegiate body appointed by the president upon the advice and consent of the Senate, where decisions are made by a majority vote. This is the power referred to as judicial review. When appraising the reasonable character of authoritative decisions made by the legislative and the executive branch, the judicial branch is to be unencumbered by political pressure. In fact, being able to make law, it not only validates, vis-à-vis the constitution, the legality of actions on the part of the other two branches, but also participates in a effective way in the setting out of the conditions of their actions. The judicial branch is thus not only a political arbiter but also creates politics. Freed from political pressure, it is able, at the same time, to exert it. Validating the rational character of the actions of other parties, it faces the need to defend the rationality of its own decisions, bearing in mind that it also sets out the standards. Action on the part of the judicial branch is not limited to the settling of specific disputes based on the existing law. It also sets out the way of settling such disputes in the future. The court does make decisions on the cases of private individuals; however, in the final instance, it is as an arbiter deciding on problems of public policy, which makes it a participant in political disputes.
Obywatel a globalizacja
Authors: Markiewicz Barbara A.
Published: October 2020

The placing of the concept citizen in the context of globalisation makes it possible to approach it using the category of cosmopolitism and the related dispute between the advocates of pluralism and those of hegemony. In the debates on cosmopolitism, the transition from the classic concept of ‘citizen’ to that of ‘citizen of the world’, or cosmopolite, is generally regarded as something obvious, just as is its territorial extension. The concept of the citizen thus becomes transcendental and virtual. Usually its Greek roots are pointed to, as cosmo-polites is derived from the word cosmos, an ordered world, the universe and polites, a citizen. The historians of concepts are, however, right to point out that in its original form, that is, among the cynics and the stoics, the word cosmopolites was understood in a philosophical and moral rather than in a political sense. It was a deliberate rejection of polis as a specific place and a specific political order, in favour of a universal space and natural law. Humans, as inhabitants of the universe, are subject only to the authority of the world-penetrating logos, the principles and laws with which they were able to become acquainted by applying their own rationality; this very capability was an obligation to observe those principles and laws and to comply with them. Because of its very nature, the concept of a cosmopolite is thus apolitical, or, in other word, not uncitizen-like.
The One Who Restrains
Authors: Cichocki Marek A.
Published: October 2020

Can we assume, then, that more than the doctrine of faith, it was this lived experience which placed the Christians ever anew before this difficult question: Of what use are history and politics to Christianity? Can we not make do without them? Tertullian’s famous question – “What indeed has Athens to do with Jerusalem? What concord is there between the Academy and the Church?” – began a centuries-old dispute about the relation between theology and philosophy, between faith and reason, which became a principle axis of tension between Christianity and the Hellenistic legacy. But Tertullian’s question can also be understood as pertaining to the problem of Christianity’s relation to history and politics: What indeed has Athens to do with Jerusalem, the Agora with the Temple, the polis with the Church? Thus the tension between Christianity and the classical world takes on yet another dimension. It is the conflict of faith and eternity with history and politics, of the faithful pilgrim member of the People of God with the loyal citizen of a political community. Christianity attempted to resolve this conflict by reformulating the fundamental concepts of classical politics and philosophy, but the main doubts still remained, and led to new tensions and currents within Christianity itself.
Babel
Authors: Gładziuk Nina
Published: October 2020

What interests us here is the fact that Babel as a figure of confusion became almost the self-named epithet of 17th-century England. All the participants of the debate that took place during the revolution or the postbellum associated Babel with the conceptual chaos of the civil war. The lively “pamphlet war” then brought a pluralistic forum for public opinion in which all the confused languages of politics were equal. When all could read the Bible, everyone could read the story of Babel in their own way. But nothing could reconcile those who read the divine right of kings in it with those who read the divine right of the people in it. In the 17th century, Babel was seen as a figure of discursive confusion, as the confusion was experienced in the form of fanatical languages of arguing sects. Liberalism, if the English-speaking world is acknowledged to be its cradle, constitutes an attempt to escape the impasse of the discursive Babel via the legalistic means of the state of law. According to Hobbes, the irreversible multitude of languages makes one ask what public order can reconcile nominalism in the sphere of political opinion with the social Diaspora of individuals released from the bonds of status or corporation. How to build a state while one Christian faith is disintegrating into many sects fighting each other? How to build a state in the chronic pluralism of the social world and multifaceted dissociation of the traditional community? This is why Babel as a figure of confusion provides the primary conceptual capacity for the liberal organization of the world.
Justice as Aletheia
Authors: Markiewicz Barbara A.
Published: October 2020

What is the political meaning of justice combined with aletheia, that is, the truth understood as revealing, disclosing, and unconcealment? On the basis of an immanent analysis of certain excerpts from Plato’s work we could find the answer. First of all, in Plato the question of justice is not a technical issue, a question of good or bad ruling over the polis, a good or bad law. It concerns matters of much greater significance: existential issues. That is why justice is more important than wealth, both to a man and to a political community. Only through other people, in a political community, is man capable of acquiring an identity, a unity between what he is by nature and what he becomes through education, during the process of adapting to a community to which he belongs. If we succeed in creating such a structure (system)  of a political community in which people recognize their proper place and can identify with it, then they will be able to identify with the whole political community. Only a political community thus united can be true, that is, just. Internal unity, which is an expression of justice, is the source of a political community’s power, it is the basis for coexistence and cooperation. When there is no justice, bonds among people die out. Through injustice they become above all incapable of cooperating.
The Rule of Freedom
Authors: Stawrowski Zbigniew
Published: October 2020

How can liberty be implemented through state institutions? And what kind of liberty are we thinking about in the contemporary world, since this concept is generally acknowledged as ambiguous? In order to understand the modern state as a rule of liberty, one must investigate the essence of liberty itself. It is widely known that liberty can be viewed in many ways, but what kind of liberty can govern the contemporary political order? Among the philosophers who have examined authority from the point of view of liberty is Benjamin Constant, who has distinguished liberty understood as personal security from liberty recognized as participation in political life, and who has likewise stressed that these two understandings of liberty are complementary. Another widely known vision of freedom is the division of liberty into negative and positive; the latter, in Berlin’s original understanding of the term, remains unclear. Such doubts however do not apply to the negative concept of liberty, as Berlin called it, or its equivalent in Constant’s understanding of liberty understood as personal security. Both authors concur that this understanding of liberty is fundamental, and should above all find its expression in contemporary state institutions. In order to reveal the logic of liberty thus understood, we must turn to its very roots; that is, to Thomas Hobbes’s concept of liberty. For it is Hobbes who first precisely defined that understanding of liberty, and who first consciously engaged in designing a state based from start to finish on the liberty of the individual.