bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rational strategies for proton-conductive metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Lim Dae-Woon , Kitagawa Hiroshi
Published: April 2021

Since the transition of energy platforms, the proton-conductive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibiting high performance have been extensively investigated with rational strategies for their potential application in solid-state electrolytes.
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles with manganese and lanthanide salts: synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies
Authors: Forte Andreia , Gago Sandra , Ribeiro Carrott Manuela , Carrott Peter , Alves Celso , Teodoro Fernando , Pedrosa Rui , Marrucho Isabel M. , Branco Luis C.
Published: April 2021

Several organic salts based on the combination of two different choline derivative cations and MnCl3−, GdCl4− and TbCl4− as anions were immobilized in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) by a two-step synthetic method.
Correction: A revised mechanistic model for sodium insertion in hard carbons
Authors: Au Heather , Alptekin Hande , Jensen Anders C. S. , Olsson Emilia , O’Keefe Christopher A. , Smith Thomas , Crespo-Ribadeneyra Maria , Headen Thomas F. , Grey Clare P. , Cai Qiong , Drew Alan J. , Titirici Maria-Magdalena
Published: April 2021

Correction for ‘A revised mechanistic model for sodium insertion in hard carbons’ by Heather Au et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2020, 13, 3469–3479, DOI: 10.1039/D0EE01363C.
Modulation of the fecal microbiome and metabolome by resistant dextrin ameliorates hepatic steatosis and mitochondrial abnormalities in mice
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Chen Xiao , Cui Bo
Published: April 2021

Targeting the gut-liver axis by manipulating the intestinal microbiome is a promising therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Reagent-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of NiCo2O4nanomaterials as electrodes for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Lu Zhe , Xuan Dipan , Wang Dechao , Liu Jie , Wang Zhuang , Liu Qian , Wang Duo , Ye Yueyuan , Zheng Zhifeng , Li Shuirong
Published: April 2021

Spinel nickel cobaltate nanoneedle arraysin situsynthesized by a CTAB assisted hydrothermal method show an energy density of 22.5 W h kg−1at 800 W kg−1.
Using geometric simulation software ‘GASP’ to model conformational flexibility in a family of zinc metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Gee William J. , Wells Stephen A. , Teat Simon J. , Raithby Paul R. , Burrows Andrew D.
Published: April 2021

Synthesis with different solvents leads the same metals and ligands to assemble into geometrically and topologically distinct frameworks, aided by intrinsic flexibility of the ligand.
Spintronic memristors for neuromorphic circuits based on the angular variation of tunnel magnetoresistance
Authors: Mansueto M. , Chavent A. , Auffret S. , Joumard I. , Vila L. , Sousa R. C. , Buda-Prejbeanu L. D. , Prejbeanu I. L. , Dieny B.
Published: April 2021

In this study, a new type of compact magnetic memristor is demonstrated.
The effect of alkyl chain lengths on the red-to-near-infrared emission of boron-fused azomethine conjugated polymers and their film-state stimuli-responsivities
Authors: Ohtani Shunsuke , Yamada Natsumi , Gon Masayuki , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: April 2021

We present systematic studies of the dependence of the red-to-near-infrared emission and stimuli-responsive properties of boron-fused azomethine conjugated copolymers on the lengths of the alkyl chains.
Practical allylation with unactivated allylic alcohols under mild conditions
Authors: Li Shuangshuang , Qiu Ju , Li Bowen , Sun Zuolian , Xie Peizhong , Loh Teck-Peng
Published: April 2021

A practical palladium/calcium catalytic system was developed for dehydrative allylation with unactivated allylic alcohols.
Kinetic modelling of Pt/γ-Al2O3–Cl catalysts formulation changes in n-heptane reforming
Authors: Said-Aizpuru Olivier , Allain Florent , Dandeu Aurélie , Diehl Fabrice , Farrusseng David , Joly Jean-François
Published: April 2021

A common n-heptane reforming lumped kinetic model based on linear free energy relationships was developed on experimental data acquired over 19 Pt/γ-Al2O3–Cl catalysts presenting different formulations and support crystallite morphologies.
Realizing ultra-stable Ti3C2-MXene in aqueous solution via surface grafting with ionomers
Authors: Ding Yue , Xiang Shanglin , Zhi Weiqiang , Gong Sai , He Gaolin , Wang Tingwei , Cai Dongyu
Published: April 2021

This work reports a new strategy for designing an ultra-stable MXene in aqueous solution via surface grafting with ionomers.
From quencher to potent activator – Multimodal luminescence thermometry with Fe3+ in the oxides MAl4O7 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba)
Authors: Kniec K. , Piotrowski W. , Ledwa K. , Suta M. , Carlos L. D. , Marciniak L.
Published: April 2021

From quencher to potent activator – multimodal luminescence thermometry with Fe3+ in the oxides MAl4O7 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba).
Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and collapse of a twisted magnetic null point with anisotropic viscosity
Authors: Quinn James , MacTaggart David , Simitev Radostin D.
Published: April 2021

Context. Magnetic null points are associated with high-energy coronal phenomena such as solar flares and are often sites of reconnection and particle acceleration. Dynamic twisting of a magnetic null point can generate a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) within its fan plane and can instigate spine-fan reconnection and an associated collapse of the null point under continued twisting.

Aims. This article aims to compare the effects of isotropic and anisotropic viscosity in simulations of the KHI and collapse in a dynamically twisted magnetic null point.

Methods. We performed simulations using the 3D magnetohydrodynamics code Lare3d with a custom anisotropic viscosity module. A pair of high-resolution simulations were performed, one using isotropic viscosity and another using anisotropic viscosity, keeping all other factors identical. We analysed the results in detail. A further parameter study was performed over a range of values for viscosity and resistivity.

Results. Both viscosity models permit the growth of the KHI and the eventual collapse of the null point. Over all studied parameters, anisotropic viscosity allows a faster growing instability, while isotropic viscosity damps the instability to the extent of stabilisation in some cases. Although the viscous heating associated with anisotropic viscosity is generally smaller, the ohmic heating dominates and is enhanced by the current sheets generated by the instability. This leads to a greater overall heating rate when using anisotropic viscosity. The collapse of the null point occurs significantly sooner when anisotropic viscosity is employed.
Efficient algorithms to minimize makespan of the unrelated parallel batch-processing machines scheduling problem with unequal job ready times
Authors: Zarook Yaser , Rezaeian Javad , Mahdavi Iraj , Yaghini Masoud
Published: April 2021

This paper considers the minimization of makespan in the unrelated parallel batch processing machines scheduling problem with considering non-identical job size and dynamic job ready time. The considered unrelated machines have different capacity and different processing speed. Each machine processes a number of the jobs as a batch at the same time so that the machine’s capacity is not exceeded. The batch processing time and the batch ready time are equal to the largest processing time and the largest ready time of jobs in the same batch, respectively. In this paper, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model, two categories of the heuristic procedures (six heuristics) and a meta-heuristic algorithm are proposed to solve the problem. A lower bound is also presented by relaxing of the original problem to evaluate the quality of the proposed algorithms. The computational experiments show the performance of the proposed algorithms under the considered measures.
Pigmentdispersionssyndrom
Authors: Nobl Matthias , Mackert Marc
Published: April 2021

Das Pigmentdispersionssyndrom ist eine Erkrankung, die durch Abschilferung von
Pigment aus dem Irispigmentepithel und dessen Ablagerung im vorderen
Augenabschnitt charakterisiert ist. Typisch ist eine Trias aus Ablagerungen am
Hornhautendothel, zirkulären Iristransilluminationen und einer Pigmentierung des
Trabekelwerks. Das Spektrum reicht vom einfachen Pigmentdispersionssyndrom bis
zum Pigmentdispersionsglaukom mit Optikusatrophie.
Peripartum Covid-19 Pneumonia with Severe ARDS – A Case Report
Authors: Maier Josefine Theresia , Zickler Daniel , Metz Melanie , Jebens Anja , Jarchau Ute , Fischer Julia , Kimmel Viktor , Prueter Eric , Hellmeyer Lars
Published: April 2021

Introduction SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that was first isolated in Wuhan, China, and resulted in a rapidly spreading pandemic worldwide. Currently there is only limited evidence on the effect of COVID-19 on pregnant women.

Case Here we present one of the first serious COVID-19 cases in pregnancy at term with subsequent delivery. Postpartum the mother required antibiotic and symptomatic treatment. She experienced acute worsening of symptoms and developed acute respiratory failure requiring endotracheal intubation and subsequently extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Conclusion COVID-19 affects all medical disciplines, requiring interdisciplinary approaches and development of patient care regimes. Obstetricians should be aware and be prepared for the special needs of pregnant women with potential prenatal and postnatal issues. Ideally pregnant COVID-19 patients should be cared for at a tertiary perinatal center with experienced perinatologists and neonatologists.
How Safe and Time Consuming is the Surgical Training of Young Orthopaedic Surgeons? A Retrospective Analysis of Proximal Femur Fractures
Authors: Schütze Konrad , Pankratz Carlos , Eickhoff Alexander , Gebhard Florian , Richter Peter
Published: April 2021

Background Fractures of the proximal femur in the elderly population are rising. Teaching the appropriate surgical treatment of these fractures is of paramount importance. The aim of the study was to evaluate differences in outcome of surgical procedures between supervised trainees and senior surgeons.

Objective Are there more surgical complications, poorer quality or an increased operating time if the procedure (in this case: fixation of proximal femur fractures) is performed by trainees under supervision in comparison to experienced surgeons.

Material and Methods All patients treated with the proximal femur nail antirotation (PFNA) between 2015 and 2016 at a level one trauma centre were included in this study. The retrospective review of the 299 patients compared supervised surgical trainees and senior surgeons. Parameters included operating time, tip apex distance, position of the blade, Hb-difference, transfusion rate, surgical complications as well as mortality, and were compared between the groups.

Results 153 of 299 procedures were performed by supervised surgical trainees. In comparison to senior surgeons, there was no significant difference in operating time (WA 54.48 min; OA 60.47 min; p > 0,05), Hb-difference (WA 2.8 g/dl; OA 2.6 g/dl; p > 0.05), tip-apex distance (WA 21.2 mm; OA 20.5 mm, p = 0.37) or rate of surgical complications. There was no difference in the rate of optimal blade positions between the groups (WA 87.5%; OA 89.0%; p = 0.366). Furthermore, mortality showed no difference between the groups, but was greater in older patients or high ASA grade.

Conclusion Supervised surgical training during treatment of proximal femur fractures shows no increase in operating time, complications or mortality and no difference in quality. With the fast growth of the elderly population, surgical training of fragility fractures should receive more attention in the future.
Anterior Locking Plate Osteosynthesis of Patellar Factures – Analysis of Complications and Functional Outcome
Authors: Tengler Maxi Benita , Lill Helmut , Wente Maike , Ellwein Alexander
Published: April 2021

Background Tension band wiring is the standard procedure for patellar fractures, but is associated with a high rate of implant related complications and implant failure. Tension band wiring may fail, especially with multifragmentary and comminuted fractures. Plate fixation of complex patellar fractures seems to be superior to wiring, both clinically and biomechanically. The aim of this study was to evaluate complications after locking plate fixation in patellar fractures two years after surgery and to access the functional outcome.

Material and Methods As part of a prospective case series, all patients who had received locking plate fixation of a patellar fracture between April 2013 and May 2018 were clinically examined two years postoperatively and potential complications were evaluated.

Results A total of 38 patients aged 19 – 87 years were included. Complications occurred in a total of five patients (13%), including one reactive prepatellar bursitis, one chronic infection and loss of reduction due to a dislocated pole fragment in three cases. The average active range of motion of the affected knee joint two years postoperatively was 133°. The Tegner activity scale score reached 3 points, the Lysholm score 95 points and the Kujala score 95 points.

Conclusion With an overall relatively low complication rate and good clinical outcome, dislocated distal pole fragments are a common complication after plate fixation of patellar fractures. If preoperative diagnostic testing shows a pole fragment, a modified hook-plate can be used, with the possibility of fixing the pole fragment.
Therapieoptionen der weiblichen Belastungsharninkontinenz
Authors: Kaufmann Albert
Published: April 2021

Die Belastungsharninkontinenz der Frau ist gekennzeichnet durch Urinverluste bei körperlicher Belastung ohne damit einhergehenden Harndrang. Die Ursachen sind mannigfaltig und bedürfen einer guten Kenntnis der Beckenbodenstrukturen und Funktionalität des Verschlussapparates der Harnblase. Vor einer Therapie muss differenzierte Diagnostik die Ursachen aufdecken, um den betroffenen Frauen die idealen therapeutischen Optionen aufzeigen zu können. Neben konservativen Therapiestrategien stehen heute mehrere operative Alternativen zur Verfügung, die je nach funktionellem und/oder anatomischen Defizit zur Anwendung kommen können. Die Ergebnisse der operativen Korrekturen sind gut, auch wenn eine geringe Rate an möglichen Komplikationen in Kauf genommen werden muss.
Remote C–H Functionalizations by Ruthenium Catalysis
Authors: Ackermann Lutz , Korvorapun Korkit , Samanta Ramesh C. , Rogge Torben
Published: April 2021

Synthetic transformations of otherwise inert C–H bonds have emerged as a powerful tool for molecular modifications during the last decades, with broad applications towards pharmaceuticals, material sciences, and crop protection. Consistently, a key challenge in C–H activation chemistry is the full control of site-selectivity. In addition to substrate control through steric hindrance or kinetic acidity of C–H bonds, one important approach for the site-selective C–H transformation of arenes is the use of chelation-assistance through directing groups, therefore leading to proximity-induced ortho-C–H metalation. In contrast, more challenging remote C–H activations at the meta- or para-positions continue to be scarce. Within this review, we demonstrate the distinct character of ruthenium catalysis for remote C–H activations until March 2021, highlighting among others late-stage modifications of bio-relevant molecules. Moreover, we discuss important mechanistic insights by experiments and computation, illustrating the key importance of carboxylate-assisted C–H activation with ruthenium(II) complexes.

1 Introduction

2 Stoichiometric Remote C–H Functionalizations

3 meta-C–H Functionalizations

4 para-C–H Functionalizations

5 meta-/ortho-C–H Difunctionalizations

6 Conclusions
Reconstruction of Carbon Bond Frameworks via Oxapalladacycles Promoted by the Synergistic Effect of Palladium Catalyst and Triethylborane
Authors: Kimura Masanari , Ninokata Ryo , Korogi Riho , Nakao Junya , Fukuda Tsutomu , Onodera Gen
Published: April 2021

Pd-catalyzed β-carbon elimination of 3-hydroxy-4-pent­enoic acid derivatives promoted by triethylborane proceeds to form conjugated dienes via a decarboxylation process. The formed conjugated dienes undergo the Prins reaction with aldehydes in situ to afford conjugated homoallylic alcohols. These sequential transformations enable the conversion of diastereomeric mixtures of 3-hydroxy-4-pentenoic acids, which are readily prepared from the simple crossed aldol reaction of esters and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, into 3,5-hexadienyl alcohols with high regio- and stereoselectivities in a single manipulation.
Recent Advances in the Tandem Difunctionalization of Alkynes: Mechanism-Based Classification
Authors: Deng Danfeng , Huang Dayun , Sun Xiangyu , Gao Biwen
Published: April 2021

Recent advances on the tandem difunctionalization of alkynes in the last decade (2010–2020) are summarized into five categories based on the type of mechanism: (1) radical addition and coupling for the synthesis of polysubstituted ketones and alkenes, (2) electrophilic addition of alkynes, (3) reactions mediated by haloalkynes or copper acetylides, (4) the preparation of cyclic compounds via radical processes, palladium-catalyzed reactions or conjugate additions, and (5) cyclic compounds as intermediates in ring openings. Herein, radical, electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions are discussed in detail. We hope this review will help to promote future research in this area.

1 Introduction

2 Radical Addition and Coupling

3 Electrophilic Addition

4 Reactions Mediated by Haloalkynes or Copper Acetylides

5 Cyclization

6 Cyclization and Ring Opening

7 Conclusions
Avaliação da adição da epinefrina à bupivacaína intra-articular no controle da dor aguda em pacientes submetidos a reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior
Authors: Leão Marcos George de Souza , Nunes Juscimar Carneiro , Silva Ivan Tramujas da Costa e , Perfeito Alan Braga , Rogério Wagner de Paula , Nunes Rafaela Brasil e Silva
Published: April 2021

Objetivo Avaliar primariamente a dor pós-operatória, por meio da escala visual analógica (EVA), nos pacientes submetidos a reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior (RLCA) que receberam soluções anestésicas intra-articulares (IAs).

Métodos Ensaio clínico randomizado com uma amostra de 48 pacientes, divididos em 4 grupos: Grupo I (n = 12) – 20 ml de solução fisiológica (controle); Grupo II (n = 12) – 20 ml de bupivacaína a 0,5%; Grupo III (n = 12) – 20 ml de bupivacaína a 0,5% + 0,1 mg de epinefrina; e Grupo IV (n = 12) – 20 ml de solução fisiológica + 0,1 mg de epinefrina, injetados no joelho ao término da cirurgia. A dor foi avaliada pela EVA imediatamente e 6, 12, 24 e 48 horas após o procedimento.

Resultados Observou-se grande variabilidade nos resultados da EVA entre os pacientes avaliados em cada grupo. Verificou-se, pela análise de variância (analysis of variance, ANOVA) de Kruskal-Wallis, considerando um nível de 5% de significância, que as soluções anestésicas IAs de cada grupo influenciaram na avaliação da dor desses pacientes (p = 0,003), sendo os do Grupo III os que apresentaram menor dor pós-operatória. Não se evidenciou um maior ou menor consumo de drogas analgésicas suplementares, ou efeitos adversos das decorrentes das soluções empregadas.

Conclusão A solução combinada de bupivacaína e epinefrina foi a mais eficaz no controle da dor nos pacientes submetidos a RLCA, mas sem diferenças estatisticamente significativas com relação ao grupo II (p = 0,547). Não se observou diminuição ou aumento no consumo de analgésicos suplementares, ou o aparecimento de efeitos sistêmicos adversos (p > 0,05).
Prevalence of “Reversal Nystagmus” in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Walter Jeffrey , Azeredo W. James , Greene J. Scott , Andera Luke
Published: April 2021

Abstract Purpose To investigate the prevalence of reversal nystagmus in individuals with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Study Design Prevalence of reversal nystagmus was assessed in 28 subjects with unilateral posterior canal BPPV,
canalithiasis type. Six trials of Dix-Hallpike testing were completed for each subject. Results Reversal nystagmus was present in 129 out of 167 Dix-Hallpike maneuvers that were performed (77.2%). In 19 trials where nystagmus was absent with the dependent position of Dix-Hallpike
testing, reversal nystagmus was nonetheless demonstrated in 11 trials (57.9%). Conclusion Reversal nystagmus is commonly demonstrated in individuals with posterior canal BPPV, canalithiasis type. It is frequently evoked even when there is no nystagmus with the dependent position
of Dix-Hallpike testing. Observation of reversal nystagmus may enhance the identification of BPPV during Dix-Hallpike testing.
Fratura por estresse diafisária do úmero em atleta de tênis adolescente: Relato de caso
Authors: Schiefer Márcio , Nanci Francisco , Abílio Luiz Eduardo , Ching San Junior Yonder Archanjo , Motta Filho Geraldo
Published: April 2021

Um tenista adolescente tinha dor crônica no braço dominante durante os treinos de tênis. A ressonância magnética (RM) sugeriu lesão por estresse na diáfise do úmero. Depois de 4 semanas, ele se tornou assintomático e voltou a jogar. No entanto, houve recidiva da dor após 3 dias. A nova RM revelou fratura diafisária não desviada do úmero e edema significativo da medula óssea. O paciente ficou em repouso por 4 semanas. Depois disso, exercícios de fortalecimento foram introduzidos e o retorno aos treinamentos foi permitido após 12 semanas. Mesmo que assintomáticos, sugerimos que esses pacientes não voltem a jogar antes das 12 semanas, dependendo dos exames físicos e dos achados por imagem.
Hemangioma intraósseo difuso agressivo: Relato de caso
Authors: Alves Monique , Ziegler Marcus Sofia , Dannebrock Fernando Augusto , Zardo Erasmo de Abreu , Severo Carlos Marcelo Donazar
Published: April 2021

O hemangioma vertebral, um tumor vascular benigno, geralmente é assintomático e descoberto incidentalmente em exames de imagem. Quando sintomático, a apresentação mais frequente ocorre sob a forma de dorsalgia vaga de início insidioso e, em raros casos, pode estar associado a compressão radicular ou medular, causando déficit sensitivo e motor. Os autores relatam o caso de um homem de 33 anos, previamente hígido, com diagnósticos de hemangioma na coluna torácica em múltiplos níveis, no esterno, na escápula e nos arcos costais; todas as lesões eram sintomáticas e houve necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica, sendo que uma das lesões ao nível da coluna torácica evoluiu com compressão medular e déficit neurológico agudo, com necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica de urgência. Os hemangiomas intraósseos representam < 1% de todos os tumores ósseos, e a apresentação multifocal no esqueleto axial e apendicular apresenta poucos relatos. Na revisão bibliográfica, não foi encontrado outro caso de hemangioma intraósseo multifocal agressivo com tal apresentação, inclusive com sintomas neurológicos associados em um mesmo caso.
Enxerto percutâneo e fixação de parafusos em pacientes com não consolidação do escafoide
Authors: Sener Muhittin , Zengin Eyup Cagatay , Saruhan Sertac
Published: April 2021

Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os resultados clínicos e radiológicos de pacientes com não consolidação do escafoide do tipo 5 que foram tratados com enxerto percutâneo e parafuso.

Métodos Um total de 11 pacientes foram tratados com enxerto ósseo percutâneo com fixação de parafuso. Os critérios de inclusão no estudo foram não consolidação do escafoide do tipo 5 e idade > 18 anos. Foram excluídos do estudo aqueles com deformidade corcunda, artrite, dano ligamentar determinado por ressonância magnética ou necrose avascular (NAV) no fragmento de não consolidação.

Resultados O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 36 meses (intervalo: 15–53 meses). No exame final de seguimento, o escore médio de escala visual analógica foi de 1,06 (intervalo: 0–2,3). No pós-operatório, a extensão média foi de 61,6° (44–80°), flexão 66° (60–80°), desvio radial 12° (7-–20°) e desvio ulnar 25° (20–34°). A força média de aderência da mão operada foi de 94% em comparação com o lado saudável. Os resultados obtidos no Mayo Modified Wrist Score foram ruins em 2 pacientes, bons em 2 e excelentes em 7 (64%). Com exceção de 2 pacientes, a consolidação foi confirmada radiologicamente em 9 pacientes com média de 12,6 semanas (intervalo: 8–16 semanas).

Conclusão Enxerto percutâneo e fixação de parafusos não podem substituir a cirurgia aberta em casos de deformidade, encurtamento ou acorcundamento ou em não consolidação a longo prazo; no entanto, é um método de tratamento confiável e eficaz em casos selecionados, tais como a não consolidação do tipo V de Slade e Dodds.
Lesão do manguito rotador em cadeirantes com lesão medular: O tempo de lesão e o nível medular interferem? Uma avaliação retrospectiva
Authors: Lopes Filho Cládis Sanches , Perez Mauro Coura , Moraes Pedro Cordeiro , Araújo Gabriel Costa Serrão de
Published: April 2021

Objetivo Descrever as características de ressonância magnética (RM) dos ombros de pacientes com lesão medular (LM) e correlacionar esses achados com idade, duração da LM e nível neurológico.

Método A amostra do presente estudo incluiu pacientes maiores de 18 anos com LM torácica, que eram cadeirantes ativos e haviam sido submetidos a uma ressonância magnética do ombro de janeiro de 2004 a dezembro de 2015.

Resultados Foram estudados 41 ombros (37 pacientes), incluindo 27 de pacientes do sexo masculino (65,9%) e 14 de pacientes do sexo feminino (34,1%). Na época da ressonância magnética, a média de idade era de 41,9 anos e a duração média da LM era de 9,4 anos. A análise da relação entre a duração do trauma e a gravidade da lesão do manguito rotador (LMR), bem como entre a idade e a gravidade da lesão do ombro mostrou diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,001), com associação positiva em ambos os casos. Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,095) entre o nível neurológico da LM e da LMR.

Conclusão Neste estudo, pode-se notar um aumento progressivo da gravidade das lesões do ombro com o avanço da idade e uma maior duração da LM. No entanto, o nível da LM não parece interferir com a LMR.

Nível de Evidência Nível IV, série de casos.
Infiltração intraarticular de plasma rico em plaquetas versus ácido hialurônico em pacientes com osteoartrose primária do joelho: Ensaio clínico randomizado com resultados preliminares
Authors: Arliani Gustavo Gonçalves , Durigon Thomas Stravinskas , Pedroso João Paulo , Ferreira Gabriel Ferraz , Oksman Daniel , Oliveira Victor Otávio
Published: April 2021

Objetivo Comparar o efeito da infiltração intraarticular do plasma rico em plaqueta com a do ácido hialurônico no tratamento de pacientes com osteoartrose primária de joelho.

Métodos Realizou-se um ensaio clínico randomizado com 29 pacientes, sendo um grupo submetido à infiltração com ácido hialurônico (controle) e o outro com plasma rico em plaquetas. Os desfechos clínicos avaliados foram a escala visual analógica da dor; o questionário Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), antes e depois da intervenção; e os efeitos adversos após as aplicações. Utilizou-se os testes do qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher para as variáveis categóricas, e o teste t de Student, análise de variância, e Wilcoxon para as variáveis contínuas, através do software de estatística R.

Resultados A análise independente de cada grupo revelou uma diferença estatística nos meses iniciais, com melhora dos escores de dor e função; porém, com piora no 6° mês após o procedimento. Não houve diferença dos desfechos avaliados entre os grupos que foram submetidos à infiltração com ácido hialurônico ou com plasma rico em plaquetas. Não houve efeito adverso grave ou reação alérgica durante todo o seguimento.

Conclusão A infiltração intraarticular com ácido hialurônico ou plasma rico em plaquetas nos joelhos dos pacientes com gonartrose primária apresentou melhora temporária dos sintomas de função e dor. Não houve diferença entre as duas intervenções.
Osteoblastoma do capitato: Relato de caso
Authors: Lima Lucas Gonçalves Dias de , Castro Ubiratan Brum de , Martins Gustavo Pacheco Ferreira
Published: April 2021

Os tumores dos ossos do carpo devem ser investigados em quadros clínicos de dor crônica no punho sem trauma prévio. Gânglio intraósseo, encondroma, osteoma osteoide, e, menos comumente, osteoblastoma são possíveis causas de lesões osteolíticas que afetam os ossos carpais. Na maioria dos casos, a apresentação clínica por si só não é suficiente para diferenciar essas lesões. Conhecer características como o aspecto radiológico e histopatológico de cada uma delas é parte fundamental do diagnóstico diferencial. Apresentamos um caso raro de osteoblastoma do osso capitato, e também fazemos uma revisão da literatura sobre o assunto.
Epifisiólise em paciente de 22 anos de idade com hipogonadismo hipogonadotrópico congênito: Relato de caso
Authors: Nicolini Alexandre Pedro , Kuga Claudio Takashi
Published: April 2021

A epifisiólise é uma doença relativamente comum na população adolescente (de 9–16 anos), entretanto rara na população adulta. Se caracteriza pelo escorregamento metáfiso-epifisário do fêmur proximal não-traumático. Quando ocorre nessa população, está associada a alguma doença que retarda o desenvolvimento sexual e fechamento fisário, como doenças endocrinológicas ou tumores cerebrais. O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar um caso de epifisiólise numa paciente com 22 anos de idade e hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico. Existem apenas 63 casos relatados na literatura mundial sobre epifisiólise na população adulta.
Neuropatia sensorial e motora do nervo mediano por um lipoma gigante na mão: Relato de caso
Authors: Stavrakakis Ioannis M. , Georgopoulou Vasiliki , Magarakis George E. , Katsafarou Maria S.
Published: April 2021

Os lipomas são os tumores de partes moles mais comuns no corpo humano, mas sua localização na mão é rara. Os lipomas de mão que causam sintomas por compressão do nervo são ainda mais raros. Apresentamos um caso de neuropatia do nervo mediano decorrente de um lipoma palmar gigante, localizado nas regiões tenar e hipotenar da mão. A paciente apresentava sintomas típicos de síndrome do túnel do carpo, além de comprometimento dos movimentos do polegar. Durante a cirurgia, o ramo motor recorrente do nervo mediano repousava sobre o lipoma sob grande tensão. Esta localização particular do ramo motor do nervo mediano em relação ao lipoma torna este caso único. O tumor foi extirpado, protegendo as estruturas neurovasculares e, poucas semanas depois, a paciente havia recuperado totalmente os movimentos do polegar e força de preensão, além de apresentar resolução da disestesia.
Political elections and corporate investment: International evidence
Authors: Amore Mario Daniele , Corina Margherita
Published: April 2021

Recent literature shows that the spike in uncertainty during political elections harms firms’ investment. Bridging insights from international business and political science, we argue that the effect of political elections on firms’ investment activities is contingent on the country’s electoral system. In particular, we expect the negative effect of elections on corporate investment to be smaller for firms operating in plurality systems. We test our theory using a panel dataset of listed firms around the world, and a panel of US multinationals. Our results confirm that during an election period, firms in countries with a plurality system reduce investment less than firms in other countries. Additionally, we show that multinationals’ foreign investment is affected by elections abroad: their investment in a host country declines during an election in that country, though to a lesser extent if the election is held with a plurality system. Collectively, our findings provide new evidence on the role of political institutions for firms’ investment decisions.
Condensation in the phase space and network topology during transition from chaos to order in turbulent thermoacoustic systems
Authors: Tandon Shruti , Sujith R. I.
Published: April 2021

The emergence of oscillatory dynamics (order) from chaotic fluctuations is a well-known phenomenon in turbulent thermoacoustic, aero-acoustic, and aeroelastic systems and is often detrimental to the system. We study the dynamics of two distinct turbulent thermoacoustic systems, bluff-body and swirl-stabilized combustors, where the transition occurs from the state of combustion noise (chaos) to thermoacoustic instability (order) via the route of intermittency. Using unweighted complex networks built from phase space cycles of the acoustic pressure oscillations, we characterize the topology of the phase space during various dynamical states in these combustors. We propose the use of network centrality measures derived from cycle networks as a novel means to characterize the number and stability of periodic orbits in the phase space and to study the topological transformations in the phase space during the emergence of order from chaos in the combustors. During the state of combustion noise, we show that the phase space consists of several unstable periodic orbits, which influence the phase space trajectory. As order emerges in the system dynamics, the number of periodic orbits decreases and their stability increases. At the onset of oscillatory dynamics, the phase space consists of a stable periodic orbit. We also use network centrality measures to identify the onset of thermoacoustic instability in both the combustors. Finally, we propose that the onset of oscillatory instabilities in turbulent systems is analogous to Bose–Einstein condensation transition observed for bosons, if we define phase space cycles as particles and the periodic orbits as energy levels.
Type III intermittency without characteristic relation
Authors: del Rio Ezequiel , Elaskar Sergio
Published: April 2021

Chaotic intermittency is a route to chaos when transitions between laminar and chaotic dynamics occur. The main attribute of intermittency is the reinjection mechanism, described by the reinjection probability density (RPD), which maps trajectories from the chaotic region into the laminar one. The RPD classically was taken as a constant. This hypothesis is behind the classically reported characteristic relations, a tool describing how the mean value of the laminar length goes to infinity as the control parameter goes to zero. Recently, a generalized non-uniform RPD has been observed in a wide class of 1D maps; hence, the intermittency theory has been generalized. Consequently, the characteristic relations were also generalized. However, the RPD and the characteristic relations observed in some experimental Poincaré maps still cannot be well explained in the actual intermittency framework. We extend the previous analytical results to deal with the mentioned class of maps. We found that in the mentioned maps, there is not a well-defined RPD in the sense that its shape drastically changes depending on a small variation of the parameter of the map. Consequently, the characteristic relation classically associated to every type of intermittency is not well defined and, in general, cannot be determined experimentally. We illustrate the results with a 1D map and we develop the analytical expressions for every RPD and its characteristic relations. Moreover, we found a characteristic relation going to a constant value, instead of increasing to infinity. We found a good agreement with the numerical simulation.
Wind tunnel test on the effect of solidity on the wake evolution characteristics of twin counter rotating vertical axis turbines
Authors: Wang Kun , Zou Li , Wang Aimin , Jiang Yichen , Zhao Peidong
Published: April 2021

The wake of a vertical axis turbine is a type of unsteady flow with multi-scale coherent structures formed by a series of complex spatiotemporal evolutions of blade vortex shedding. The evolution characteristics and interaction of multi-scale coherent structures between two turbine wakes are the bases of multi-turbine optimal layout. In this study, the wake time series and turbine aerodynamic output were measured to explore the effect of solidity on the wake evolution characteristics of twin counter rotating vertical axis turbines. The dynamic evolution characteristics of multi-scale coherent structures in a wake were presented by a wavelet analysis. The results show that with the increase in solidity, the wake of the twin turbines gradually merges and is dominated by the shedding instability of the low-frequency large-scale structures. When the solidity remains unchanged and the chord length Reynolds number increases gradually, modulation mode structures appear between the low-frequency large-scale structures and rotation-induced structures. After the rotation-induced structures lose their coherence, energy transfers to a low frequency under the effect of modulation instability, forming self-organized large-scale structures.
Tunable GH shifts in Weyl thin films on a Weyl substrate
Authors: Wu Jipeng , Zeng Rongzhou , Liang Jiaojiao , Jiang Leyong , Xiang Yuanjiang
Published: April 2021

A Weyl semimetal can be considered as a system composed of two Weyl cones breaking time-reversal symmetry, which exhibits strong anisotropic hyperbolic characteristics. The off diagonal components of the permittivity tensor of a Weyl semimetal produce the Faraday and Kerr effects. In this paper, we investigate the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shifts when a light is reflected from the interface of air and a Weyl semimetal. It is demonstrated that the angular GH shift is still tiny; however, the spatial GH shift can be huge and is very sensitive to change in the incident angle. The spatial GH shift can change from positive to negative with an increase in the incident angle. The spatial GH shifts vary at different distances of two Weyl cones and thicknesses of a Weyl semimetal film. Furthermore, the tunable GH shift can be realized by changing the tilting parameter and Fermi energy. These adjustable and giant GH shifts may find practical applications in optical shift devices and optical sensors.
Low temperature Thomson scattering on MAST-U
Authors: Clark J. G. , Bowden M. D. , Scannell R.
Published: April 2021

A new divertor Thomson scattering system has been developed for the MAST-U tokamak. The diagnostic will produce electron density and temperature profiles along the Super-X strike leg. The existing polychromator design has been adapted for low temperature measurements. A new 1061 nm channel with 2 nm bandwidth has been added to enable measurements down below the previous ∼5 eV limit on the core system. The optical filters used in the system have OD6 light rejection alongside a 1064.1 nm laser line filter to reduce stray light in the digitized channels. A new averaging technique has been applied to the scattered signal traces to improve the core Thomson data in the scrape-off layer. The technique reduces the systematic noise level in this region. This leads to a reduction in the error values for electron density and temperature measurements and, in particular, the digitizer noise. The technique has been applied to produce a radial profile for a number of L-mode MAST discharges down to very low densities of ∼1 × 1018 m−3.
Atomic configurations for materials research: A case study of some simple binary compounds
Authors: Vu Tuoc N. , Nayak Sanjeev K. , Nguyen Nga T. T. , Alpay S. Pamir , Tran Huan
Published: April 2021

Data obtained from computational studies are crucial in building the necessary infrastructure for materials informatics. This computational foundation supplemented with experimental observations can then be employed in the extraction of possible hidden structure–property relationships through machine learning. There are limited attempts to sample the materials configuration space, even for the simplest chemical formulas. Advances in computational methods have now made it possible to accomplish this task. In this study, we analyze four chemical formulas, i.e., BSb, AlSb, MgSi2, and Sn3S, using first-principles computations. We show that numerous thermodynamically more stable crystal structures can be predicted computationally for these relatively simple chemical formulas, while the configuration space can be significantly and effectively mapped out. This approach allows for the prediction of new ground state structures, thereby expanding the available data on these materials. It also provides an understanding of the underlying potential energy topography and adds quality data for materials informatics.
Illustration of a computational pipeline for evaluating cyclodextrin host–guest complex formation through conformational capture of bullvalene
Authors: Shadfar Zahra , Yahiaoui Oussama , Collier Thomas A. , Fallon Thomas , Allison Jane R.
Published: April 2021

Cyclodextrins have a diverse range of applications, including as supramolecular hosts, as enzyme active-site analogs, in improving drug solubility and delivery, and in molecular selection. We have investigated their ability to form stable complexes with bullvalenes, unusual organic cage molecules that spontaneously interconvert between numerous degenerate isomers. The shape-shifting nature of substituted bullvalenes raises the potential for dynamic adaptive binding to biological targets. We tested whether β- and γ-cyclodextrins can capture particular bullvalene isomers and whether the preferred binding mode(s) differ between isomers. We first applied our computational host–guest interaction potential energy profiling to determine the best binding mode(s) of unsubstituted bullvalene and each isomer of methylenehydroxybullvalene to β- and γ-cyclodextrin. Subsequent molecular dynamics simulations of the predicted host–guest complexes showed that while unsubstituted bullvalene has a single, albeit ill-defined, binding mode with either cyclodextrin, each isomer of methylenehydroxybullvalene has two possible modes of binding to β-cyclodextrin but only a single, nebulous mode of binding to γ-cyclodextrin. Experimental determination of the binding free energy of each methylenehydroxybullvalene–cyclodextrin complex showed that methylenehydroxybullvalene is more likely to bind to β-cyclodextrin than to γ-cyclodextrin, despite its smaller cavity. Together, our results suggest that β-cyclodextrin, but not γ-cyclodextrin, shows promise for conformational capture of mono-substituted bullvalenes. More broadly, our computational pipeline should prove useful for rapid characterization of cyclodextrin host–guest complexes, avoiding the need for costly synthesis of guest molecules that are unlikely to bind stably, as well as providing detailed atomic-level insight into the nature of complexation.
Quantifying the temperature of heated microdevices using scanning thermal probes
Authors: Reihani Amin , Yan Shen , Luan Yuxuan , Mittapally Rohith , Meyhofer Edgar , Reddy Pramod
Published: April 2021

Quantifying the temperature of microdevices is critical for probing nanoscale energy transport. Such quantification is often accomplished by integrating resistance thermometers into microdevices. However, such thermometers frequently become structurally unstable and fail due to thermal stresses at elevated temperatures. Here, we show that custom-fabricated scanning thermal probes (STPs) with a sharp tip and an integrated heater/thermometer can accurately measure the temperature of microdevices held at elevated temperatures. This measurement is accomplished by introducing a modulated heat input to the STP after contacting the microdevice with the STP's tip and characterizing the DC and AC components of the STP's temperature. From these measured temperature components, the tip-to-sample thermal resistance and the microdevice surface temperature are deduced simultaneously via a simple lumped-capacitance model. The advances presented here can greatly facilitate temperature measurements of a variety of heated microdevices.
Photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical activities of strained BiVO4
Authors: Choi Minseok
Published: April 2021

We theoretically investigate the impact of strain on the photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical activities of BiVO4. Through first-principles hybrid functional calculations, the electronic and structural properties of three strained BiVO4 such monoclinic scheelite, tetragonal scheelite, and tetragonal zircon, are examined. For most of the BiVO4 polymorphs, the dependence of the out-of-plane lattice constant upon biaxial strain and of the bandgap upon in-plane biaxial and hydrostatic strains shows good linearity. Combined with calculated band alignment, we assess the impact of strain on the photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical activities of the material. Tensile strain shifts upward the positions of the conduction band edge in monoclinic scheelite and tetragonal zircon close to or even higher than the H+/H2 level. These suggest that strain plays a crucial role in the experimentally observed performance of BiVO4-based systems for hydrogen production via water splitting.
Demonstration of polarization-induced hole conduction in composition-graded AlInN layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Miyoshi Makoto , Nakabayashi Taiki , Takada Haruka , Egawa Takashi , Takeuchi Tetsuya
Published: April 2021

This Letter reports the polarization induced hole conduction in composition-graded AlInN epitaxial layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. First, the composition-graded AlInN layer with an InN mole fraction from 0.12 to 0.20 was formed on c-plane GaN on sapphire, and they were confirmed to show the p-type hole conduction with a less temperature dependence, which is a feature of polarization-induced carriers. Then, blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with the composition-graded AlInN layers inserted in the p-type side were fabricated and their vertical current injection was investigated. The electroluminescence (EL) spectra confirmed that the fabricated LEDs exhibited a single-peak blue-light emission with the help of the impurity Mg doping. The LED simulation indicated that the impurity and polarization co-doping effectively compensated and overcame the residual oxygen donors in the AlInN layer and promoted the carrier recombination at the light-emitting layers. Finally, LEDs with the Mg-doped and composition-graded AlInN insertion layer exhibited good current–voltage characteristics with a low forward voltage drop of approximately 3 V in addition to the good EL spectra.
Time-reversible and norm-conserving high-order integrators for the nonlinear time-dependent Schrödinger equation: Application to local control theory
Authors: Roulet Julien , Vaníček Jiří
Published: April 2021

The explicit split-operator algorithm has been extensively used for solving not only linear but also nonlinear time-dependent Schrödinger equations. When applied to the nonlinear Gross–Pitaevskii equation, the method remains time-reversible, norm-conserving, and retains its second-order accuracy in the time step. However, this algorithm is not suitable for all types of nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Indeed, we demonstrate that local control theory, a technique for the quantum control of a molecular state, translates into a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a more general nonlinearity, for which the explicit split-operator algorithm loses time reversibility and efficiency (because it only has first-order accuracy). Similarly, the trapezoidal rule (the Crank–Nicolson method), while time-reversible, does not conserve the norm of the state propagated by a nonlinear Schrödinger equation. To overcome these issues, we present high-order geometric integrators suitable for general time-dependent nonlinear Schrödinger equations and also applicable to nonseparable Hamiltonians. These integrators, based on the symmetric compositions of the implicit midpoint method, are both norm-conserving and time-reversible. The geometric properties of the integrators are proven analytically and demonstrated numerically on the local control of a two-dimensional model of retinal. For highly accurate calculations, the higher-order integrators are more efficient. For example, for a wavefunction error of 10−9, using the eighth-order algorithm yields a 48-fold speedup over the second-order implicit midpoint method and trapezoidal rule, and a 400 000-fold speedup over the explicit split-operator algorithm.