bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on Analyzing the Aftermath of PMKVY on the Public of Madhya Pradesh Region
Authors: Chauhan Gaura , Gupta Shorya , Singh Vartika
Published: May 2024

Indian economy is currently one of the world’s largest economies. India continues to hold immense potential for a prosperous future, largely due to its advantageous demographic distribution strategy. This strategy aims to bolster the economy by capitalizing on most of the population falling within the 15 to 59 age brackets. By focusing on employment and development, India can effectively support domestic production while simultaneously catering to the global requirement for skilled labor. This research study focused on the reach of Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) in the Madhya Pradesh region. This focus is motivated by the findings of the India Skill Report 2023, compiled by Wheebox, which indicates that Madhya Pradesh does not rank among the top three states in terms of the supply of employable talent. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) during World Youth Skills Day. These initiatives were introduced under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) with the objective of bridging the gap between the demand and supply of employability skills. The extent of awareness of PMKVY among the public of Madhya Pradesh, the effectiveness of PMKVY in MP region, the loopholes of PMKVY in MP region, and the impact of demographic variables (Gender, Marital Status, Age) on PMKVY is being evaluated.
Study on Lying Behavior of Learners at the Integrated Islamic Elementary School (SDIT) Darul Ihsan Pontianak
Authors: Wicaksono Luhur , Izdihar Rafa , Halida Halida , Alkautsar Mohamad Abraham , Novita Shinta
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine and describe the lying behavior of students in SD Islam Terpadu Darul Ihsan Pontianak. The subjects of this study consisted of 2 students of Class IV and Class V and six supporting subjects, namely two classmates, two class teachers, and two parents of the subject. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The type of research used is an intrinsic case study, using data collection techniques such as semi-structured interviews and observation. Data analysis using an interactive model includes data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The results showed that the factors causing students to lie were parental care, relationships with family, social environment, and use of social media. The impact is the loss of trust from people around, the habit of repeated lying behavior, the burden of protracted thoughts, and the damage to social relationships between people. Efforts made by class teachers to overcome lying behavior in students are to provide teaching with integrity about the dangers of lying behavior and manners, provide punishment in the form of reflection to students, become an example that reflects the positive impact of honesty and cooperation with the parents of the students concerned.
Recensiones
Authors: R.C.  , E.H.  , R. C.  , Ch. D.
Published: May 2024

No hay resúmenes disponibles.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 44, No. 490-491, 1989: 751-755.
Nitrogen regime of ordinary chernozem under chickpeas when applying liquid mineral fertilizers in the No-Till system properties
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Erin Vladimir , Biryukova Olga , Kazeev Kamil , Mokrikov Grigory
Published: May 2024

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of liquid mineral fertilizers on the content of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in ordinary chernozem during the cultivation of chickpeas in 2022–2023. To conduct the experiment, LCF 11:37:0 and UAN-32 were used at doses of 50 and 100 l/ha. It was found that the application of mineral fertilizers (LCF, UAN) when growing chickpeas without tillage increased the content of mineral nitrogen in the soil throughout the growing season, and the effect was long-lasting. The results of the study indicate the need to use LCF and UAN to increase soil fertility. Keywords: CHERNOZEM, LCF, UAM, AMMONIUM NITROGEN, NITRATE NITROGEN, CHICKPEAKES, NO-TILL TECHNOLOGY
Improvement of the mechanism of development of small and medium-sized enterprises of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the conditions of digitalization
Authors: Yelshibayev Rakymzhan , Tungatarova Botakoz
Published: May 2024

This article discusses the issue of improving the mechanism of development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of digitalization. The article analyzes the main problems faced by entrepreneurs in the transition to digital technologies, as well as suggests ways and mechanisms to solve them. The study shows the need for state support in areas that promote innovation. Various methods were used for the analysis, including statistical and correlation analyses. In the context of digitalization of the economy, a model of cooperation of stakeholders of the regional digital technology platform for stimulating innovation in small and medium-sized businesses is proposed. The results of the study can be used by government agencies, scientists, and the public for the transition to an innovation-oriented economy.
Анализ доступности кредитных инструментов поддержки малого и среднего бизнеса
Authors: Зейнельгабдин Алтай , Мағзұм Қалыбек
Published: May 2024

Данная статья посвящена тенденциям развития кредитования малого и среднего бизнеса в стране. Цель исследования состоит в исследовании теоретических и практических аспектов доступности кредитных инструментов поддержки малого и среднего бизнеса. В работе будут анализироваться различные факторы, влияющие на доступность финансирования, а также сравнение традиционных банковских продуктов и альтернативных источников финансирования. При написании статьи использовались общенаучные методы познания (статистический, нормативный анализ, синтез, аналогия, обобщение), эмпирико-теоретические (сбор, изучение и сравнение данных).
The role of wine tourism in the development of agro-tourism market of Georgia
Authors: Azmaiparashvili Maia , Davituliani Tsitsino , Papava Salome
Published: May 2024

The development of rural and agrotourism at the local, national and international levels serves to promote small and medium-sized businesses in rural areas, product diversification and identity promotion. Agritourism in the rural tourism value chain is a sub-sector of multifunctional agriculture. All countries of the world are trying to create their own national model of rural tourism development. There is a great effort to introduce and develop agrotourism in Georgia, although this type of tourism is in the initial stage throughout the country. Especially in the regions, significant potential for the development of tourism is not used to the maximum extent. A popular tourist destination - Imereti is a potential tourist region in Georgia, both for the development of the local and international agro-tourism market. In the paper, we discussed wine tourism in the unified concept of agrotourism. On the basis of the comparative analysis of statistical material, we determined the involvement of wine tourism, which is part of rural life, in today's tourism activity and development perspective. Within the developed research design, based on a complex approach, empirical research methods and secondary information analysis were used. Namely, in order to obtain complete information about the agrotourism market, interviews were conducted. Systematic analysis of existing literary and relevant field materials.
Construction of the econometric model of the dynamics of the Georgia-Azerbajian trade turnover
Authors: Maharramova Reyhan
Published: May 2024

In this article, the dependence of import, export and trade turnover between the Republics of Azerbaijan and Georgia was separately detected and the coefficient of determination was determined in the MS Excel software package. Annual data from 1992 to 2022 was obtained and worked on. Using modern econometric methods, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, graphical representations in time series analysis and autoregression model were built in the EViews8 software package.
Ключові аспекти в організації і плануванні маркетингової діяльності на підприємстві
Authors: Пухкал Олександр , Білоус Микола
Published: May 2024

Стаття "Ключові аспекти в організації і плануванні маркетингової діяльності на підприємстві" досліджує комплексні підходи до створення та впровадження ефективних маркетингових стратегій. Автори зосереджуються на фундаментальних складових, які визначають успіх маркетингової діяльності, а також на методах, які можуть бути застосовані для досягнення бізнес-цілей. У статті розглядається організація маркетингової діяльності, включаючи створення чіткої структури та визначення процесів і процедур, що забезпечують ефективне управління маркетинговими ініціативами. Виділяються ключові кроки в організації маркетингової служби, розробці маркетингових процесів і впровадженні стандартів, що забезпечують ефективність. Особливу увагу приділено стратегічному підходу до маркетингової діяльності, який включає використання сучасних інструментів і технологій, взаємодію з клієнтами, збір зворотного зв'язку та адаптацію продуктів і послуг до потреб ринку. Стаття також наголошує на важливості інтеграції маркетингової діяльності з іншими сферами підприємства, таких як виробництво, фінанси та логістика, для досягнення синергії та максимізації результатів.
Specificity of the national code as a spiritual being
Authors: Toksanbayeva Tlektes , Bismildina Dinara , Kaikenov Duman
Published: May 2024

No revival will take place if the National Code, the national culture is not preserved. The Kazakh national code should be understood as attributes that define the nature, spiritual structure, and way of life of the Kazakh people. The national identity of the Kazakh people has developed over the centuries and is firmly rooted, so it has a special quality that helps to survive the upheavals of the Kazakh spirit. The problem the article is about is to combat a phenomenon that has since become a great disease due to the shortcomings caused by once volatile politics, to strengthen our moral stance. It is no secret that the foundation of our spiritual code is language, which is the basis of all the cherished concepts, qualities of a nation. Clearly, despite its state status, the failure to properly expand the scope of the Kazakh language, to undermine it with other languages, to disrupt it, to mis-speak it, and even to forget it completely, results in a failure to preserve our national value system. As the scope and frequency of any language, even if it is a mother tongue, declines, the phenomenon of language fangling occurs. As the speaker of the dominant prevalent language feels confident, he/she easily relies on the dominant language, avoiding certain morphological errors, grammatical structural difficulties in the mother tongue to replace the vocabulary. Thus, the «other tongue» degenerates and the restricted language masquerades under the notion of «family language». The basis of the nation's identity in time and space is the National Code. One of the ways to reveal the national code is the revival of historical memory.
The influence of selenium on the morphological changes of the myocardium during the formation of experimental diabetes mellitus
Authors: Boiarchuk Olena , Granovski Olexiy
Published: May 2024

In an experiment on animals, the effect of alkylselenonaphthyridine on the formation of morphofunctional changes in the myocardium was studied when modeling diabetes mellitus. It was found that the administration of selenium during the formation of experimental diabetes mellitus limited the development of ventricular hypertrophy of the heart. At the same time, in animals of the experimental group with the development of diabetes mellitus against the background of selenium administration, no pronounced morphological changes in the myocardium were found.
Концептуальний доказ ефективності сумісного введення вортіоксетину з протиепілептичними препаратами при експериментальному хронічному судомному синдромі: позитивний вплив комплексної патогенетичної фармакокорекції на вираженість процесів пам’яті та навчан
Authors: Остапенко Ігор , Вастьянов Руслан
Published: May 2024

Епілепсія - хронічне неврологічне захворювання, що супроводжується повторними нападами. Депресивні розлади переважають у хворих на вперше виявлену епілепсію протягом першого року захворювання. Проте, нейропатогенетичні механізми вказаних розладів поведінки залишаються неостаточно дослідженими. Мета роботи – дослідження ефективності сумісного введення вортіоксетину з протисудомними препаратами в аспекті відновлення процесів навчання, короткострокової та довгострокової пам’яті у щурів при кіндлінзі. Доведено, що у щурів зі сформованим кіндлінгом та на етапі посткіндлінгу реєструються виражені когнітивні розлади, що автори трактують як несудомний різновид поведінки, характерний для інтеріктальних періодів кіндлінг-спричиненого хронічного епілептогенезу. Мнестичні дисфункції при кіндлінг-спричиненій моделі хронічного судомного синдрому виявляються погіршенням процесу навчання та функціонування короткострокової пам’яті та збереження її енграми у довгостроковій пам’яті. Виявлені когнітивні порушення автори розглядають в якості доказу депресивних проявів, які формуються на етапі розвиненого хронічного судомного синдрому. Автори довели ефективну фармакологічну корекцію мнестичних розладів при сумісному застосуванні вальпроєвої кислоти з вортіоксетином. Меншу ефективність корекції було виявлено в разі застосування вортіоксетину. Найменшу ефективність відзначено після введення вальпроєвої кислоти. Автори висловлюють, що обрана комплексна схема фармакокорекції є ефективною, має патогенетичне підґрунтя та цілком виражений саногенетичний вплив, що в разі подальшого ретельного дослідження матиме перспективу клінічного впровадження у значного контингенту хворих на епілепсію з коморбідними депресивними проявами.
Homo sapiens і екологія через призму війн
Authors: Федченко Юлія , Кравченко Ольга , Шихова Євгенія
Published: May 2024

Перспектива розвитку світу, його екобезпека ‒ це те, що не оминає жодну здравомислячу людину. Шляхи вирішення майбутнього не лише кожної окремої людини, країни, а й майбутнього планети Земля, залежить від узгодженості й відповідальності за дотримання й виконання країнами-лідерами, країнами, що володіють ядерною зброєю домовленостей щодо збереження миру на планеті Земля. Розуміння того, що всі ми ‒ одне ціле, є новою парадигмою світобачення.
Extension of Newton's classical theory of gravitation to the Universe: new law of cosmological force as an addition to Newton's law of gravitation
Authors: Kosinov Mykola
Published: May 2024

A new law of gravitational interaction is derived as an addition to Newton's law of gravitation. The additional force, which follows from the new law of gravitational interaction, refers to the Universe. This force is not given by the formula of Newton's law of gravitation. Newton's law is applicable to describe the gravitational interaction of point masses. The new law of cosmological force is applicable to describe the gravitational interaction of bodies with the Universe beyond the applicability of Newton's law of gravitation. The coupling constant in the law of cosmological force is the cosmological constant Ʌ. The new law of cosmological force complements Newton's law of classical gravitation. The law of cosmological force shows that in addition to the Newtonian two-body gravitational force, the gravitational force of the universe acts on all bodies. On small scales, the additional cosmological force is much smaller than the Newtonian force. On the scale of the Universe it is huge and has a theoretical limit equal to the Planck force c4/G. The Newtonian force of gravitational interaction between two bodies together with the cosmological gravitational force gives the total gravitational force. The Law of universal gravitation is presented in a new form. The Law of universal gravitation contains two laws: Newton's law of gravitation and the law of cosmological force. The Law of universal gravitation in classical representation and the quantum Law of universal gravitation are given. The law of cosmological force gives a very close force value to the Pioneer anomaly and indicates the gravitational nature of the Pioneer anomaly.
Підхід до визначення показників боєготовності виробів зенітного ракетного озброєння
Authors: Воронін Віктор , Бурцев Валерій , Деменко Микола , Печкін Андрій , Романюк Михайло , Волювач Сергій , Бурцева Вікторія , Новіченко Сергій , Коломійцев Олексій , Старцев Володимир , Третяк Вячеслав , Савельєв Андрій , Кривчун Валерій
Published: May 2024

Представлено результати розробки підходу щодо порядку визначення коефіцієнта боєготовності виробу ЗРО, як комплексного показника надійності, який враховує наявність у нього запасу ресурсу, своєчасність його приведення у початкове положення та підтримання у готовності да бойового використання, а також безвідмовність при бойовому використанні, як для умов мирного часу, так і для умов воєнного часу. Це дозволяє використовувати даний показник при проведенні розрахунків бойової ефективності підрозділів і військових частин у складі угруповань ЗРВ при плануванні в процесі підготовки до ведення бойових дій.
Economic analysis of bell pepper production on performance of female entrepreneurs in Anambra State
Authors: Ekene Ezinwa Nwankwo  , Uzondu Chikodiri Scholatica  , Chiekezie Njideka Rita
Published: May 2024

Addressing the challenges facing food security is very vital to the future of Africans and Nigerians in particular. Despite the economic importance of bell pepper to the teaming populace in Nigeria, it is not devoid of postharvest losses. This study seeks to undertake a detailed assessment of the extent and cost of post-harvest losses along bell pepper value chain in Anambra State. The study will adopt a descriptive survey design and will be carried out in Anambra State in the South-Eastern part of Nigeria. The study population comprises all bell pepper entrepreneurs in the four Agricultural Zones (AZs) of the state namely Onitsha, Aguata, Awka and Anambra. Multistage, purposive and random sampling techniques will be used to select the respondents for the study. Primary data will be used for the study and will be collected using well-structured questionnaire.  The study will adopt a mixed-methods approach to gather comprehensive data on female-led ball pepper production ventures based on the objectives of the study. A conservative projection of Two million is estimated for an in-depth study. A breakthrough in this study will provide adequate information on dealing and handling post-harvest losses.
Keywords:  Bell Pepper, Economy, Entrepreneurship, Female, Nigeria.
A EDUCAÇÃO COMO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL DE NATUREZA SOCIAL
Authors: Lima Elane Cristina Toledo , Pessoa Andréia Nádia Lima de Sousa
Published: May 2024

O Direito à educação faz parte de um conjunto de direitos chamados de direitos sociais   pertencentes a segunda dimensão com previsão precipuamente na Constituição Federal que tem como fundamento o valor da igualdade entre as pessoas. Diante disso, considera-se a seguinte problemática: Qual   o regime jurídico da educação como direito fundamental de natureza social diante da competência do estado e do particular? O objetivo do estudo é analisar os principais aspectos do regime jurídico brasileiro da Educação como exercício para a promoção da cidadania e da dignidade da pessoa. O processo metodológico é o estudo bibliográfico de caráter descritivo quanto aos objetivos, com abordagem qualitativa e exploratória tendo como método dedutivo através da análise de literatura das doutrinas, e artigos das legislações pertinentes no âmbito da educação e do direito. O resultado obtido na pesquisa diante do processo metodológico de pesquisa bibliográfica foi a constatação de que a educação, crítica, dinâmica e libertadora é o fundamento uma sociedade democrática, por acreditar que sem a prestação desse direito fundamental o direito à educação, o exercício da cidadania resta completamente comprometido, pela não formação de efetivos cidadãos, e, dessa maneira, não é possível pensar a democracia na sua plenitude.
ALIENAÇÃO PARENTAL, GUARDA COMPARTILHADA E OS IMPASSES JURÍDICOS NA ERA PANDÊMICA: UMA ABORDAGEM PROFUNDA SOBRE O IMPACTO DO COVID-19 NO DIREITO DE FAMÍLIA
Authors: Fernandes Wagner de Sousa , Saraiva Rodrigo Araújo
Published: May 2024

Esse artigo buscou mostrar que a alienação parental é uma prática que faz com que o infante, que antes era cuidado por os dois pais, passe a ver um dos genitores de forma diferente da realidade após um divórcio, passando a enxergá-lo como uma pessoa ruim, ou que não quer o bem do filho, por exemplo. Essa é uma pratica que ocorre há muito tempo, não sendo originada na atualidade após os ditos divórcios documentados. Durante a pandemia do COVID-19 essa prática se tornou ainda mais comum, tendo em vista que, por conta de o vírus ser altamente transmissível, foi recomendado que as pessoas se mantivessem dentro de casa e reduzissem o contato físico com pessoas externas ao núcleo dos moradores da casa. Essa se tornou a “desculpa” perfeita para afastar fisicamente o infante do genitor que não possuía a guarda definitiva, ou mesmo a outra parte da guarda compartilhada.
Nitrate and Water Isotopes as Tools to Resolve Nitrate Transit Times in a Mixed Land Use Catchment
Authors: Radtke Christina Franziska , Yang Xiaoqiang , Müller Christin , Rouhiainen Jarno , Merz Ralf , Lutz Stefanie R. , Benettin Paolo , Wei Hong , Knöller Kay
Published: May 2024

Abstract. To understand the transport and fate of nitrate in catchments and its potential hazardous impact on ecosystems, knowledge about transit times (TT) and age of nitrate is needed. To add to that knowledge, we analyzed a 5-year low-frequency dataset followed by a 3-year high-frequency data set of water and nitrate isotopic signatures from a 11.5 km2 headwater catchment with mixed land use within the Northern lowlands of the Harz mountains in Germany. For the first time, a combination of water and nitrate isotope data was used to investigate nitrate age and transport and their relation to water transit times. To do so, the numerical model tran-SAS based on Storage Age Selection (SAS) functions was extended using biogeochemical equations describing nitrate turnover processes to model nitrification and denitrification dynamics along with the age composition of discharge fluxes. The analysis revealed a temporally varying offset between nitrate and water median transit times, with a larger offset at the beginning of wet periods due to higher proportions of young nitrate that is released more quickly with increasing discharge compared to water with larger transit times. Our findings of the varying offset between water and nitrate transit times underline the importance of analyses of solute transport and transformation in the light of projected more frequent hydrological extremes (droughts and floods) under future climate conditions.
A Novel Algorithm to Estimate Solar Irradiance of Urban Buildings for Photovoltaic Potential Estimation System Using a 3D City Model
Authors: Matsuoka Ryuji , Takemoto Takashi , Takahashi Genki , Inazawa Tomoaki , Sogo Shinichiro
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is one of most promising means to prevent global warming in the present Japan. Since solar panels mounted on building façades are expected to come into wide use in urban areas, accurate estimation of PV potential of building façades is necessary for urban energy management planning. Accordingly, we decided to develop a system to estimate PV potential of urban buildings using a 3D city model. The system has two significant features: rapid estimation of hourly solar irradiance of points densely distributed on a building surface, and more flexible estimation of PV potential considering an arrangement of solar panels on a building surface. The paper reports our newly developed algorithm to estimate solar irradiance of urban buildings. The algorithm adopts the idea that “whether the sun can see us or not” indicates “whether we have sunshine or not” for calculation of hourly solar irradiance of a point on a building surface. In estimation of solar irradiance distributions on roofs and façades, utilization of projection images viewed from the sun created by using computer graphics (CG) techniques such as the depth buffer (Z-buffer) algorithm makes our system have much less computation time than most of existing systems using a hemispherical viewsheds or ray tracing. Results of an experiment conducted in Yokohama of Japan demonstrate that the algorithm would be able to estimate solar irradiance on not only roofs but also façades of urban buildings using a 3D city model accurately enough.
Towards a Digital Twin of Liege: The Core 3D Model based on Semantic Segmentation and Automated Modeling of LiDAR Point Clouds
Authors: Ballouch Zouhair , Jeddoub Imane , Hajji Rafika , Kasprzyk Jean-Paul , Billen Roland
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The emergence of Digital Twins in city planning and management marks a contemporary trend, elevating the realm of 3D modeling and simulation for cities. In this context, the use of semantic point clouds to generate 3D city models for Digital Twins proves instrumental in addressing this evolving need. This article introduces a processing pipeline for the automatic modeling of buildings, roads, and vegetation based on the semantic segmentation results of 3D LiDAR point clouds. It employs a semantic segmentation approach that integrates multiple training datasets to achieve precise extraction of target objects. Open-source reconstruction tools have been adapted for building and road modeling, while a Python code was optimized for tree modeling, leveraging a foundational code. The case study was conducted in the city of Liège, Belgium. The obtained results were satisfactory, and the schemas and geometry of the developed models were validated. An evaluation of the adopted reconstruction methods was conducted, along with their comparison to other methods from the literature.
The Role of Computational Fluid Dynamics within City Digital Twins: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Mitkov Radostin , Pantusheva Mariya , Petrova-Antonova Dessislava , Naserentin Vasilis , Logg Anders
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The rapid urbanization trend has led to complex challenges in managing urban environments, ranging from energy consumption to environmental quality and public health. In response, the concept of city digital twins has emerged, offering a promising approach to understanding and managing urban complexity. City digital twins utilize real-time data and simulations to create virtual replicas of urban environments, enabling stakeholders to analyze, optimize, and make informed decisions about various aspects of city life. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) plays a crucial role within city digital twins, offering capabilities to simulate wind flow dynamics, air quality, and pollutant dispersion within urban environments. This paper explores the opportunities and challenges of integrating CFD within city digital twins. Opportunities include optimizing urban planning and design processes, enhancing environmental quality, and improving public health outcomes. However, challenges such as data integration and quality, implementation constraints, computational complexity, and communication of results must be addressed to realize the full application potential of CFD in urban environments. Despite these challenges, the integration of CFD within city digital twins holds promise for creating more livable, sustainable, and resilient cities in the face of urbanization and climate change.
Spatiotemporal Interpolation Method for Population Flow Data in Urban Areas
Authors: Osaragi Toshihiro , Nan Xianshu , Kishimoto Maki
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Capturing the intricate dynamics of population movements in urban areas holds substantial implications for urban planning and management, particularly in the context of disaster mitigation. There is an attempt to introduce methods for estimating the spatiotemporal distribution of population flows, leveraging demographic data from various kind of sources. In earlier spatiotemporal interpolation methods, some key assumptions were made to obtain data at shorter intervals. In this study, we present an alternative spatiotemporal interpolation method by loosening assumptions and increase its versatility and facilitates flexible application across various contexts and objects. This is achieved by estimating the square root of the movement probability matrix for longer time intervals. The efficacy of our approach is demonstrated through its application to actual data from the Tokyo 23 wards, allowing for the estimation of the spatiotemporal distribution of population flows across various time intervals. Our results not only affirm the accuracy of the estimates but also provide insights into the intricate population flows within the densely populated regions of the Tokyo 23 wards. Moreover, by estimating population data at shorter time intervals, we explore the characteristics of these flows, offering an understanding of the dynamics that shape urban demography.
Enhancing Roadway Safety: Lidar-Based Tree-Clearance Analysis
Authors: Carnot Miriam Louise , Peukert Eric , Franczyk Bogdan
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In the efforts for safer roads, ensuring adequate vertical clearance above roadways is of great importance. Frequently, trees or other vegetation is growing above the roads, blocking the sight of traffic signs and lights and posing danger to traffic participants. Accurately estimating this space from simple images proves challenging due to a lack of depth information. This is where LiDAR technology comes into play, a laser scanning sensor that reveals a three-dimensional perspective. Thus far, LiDAR point clouds at the street level have mainly been used for applications in the field of autonomous driving. These scans, however, also open up possibilities in urban management. In this paper, we present a new point cloud algorithm that can automatically detect those parts of the trees that grow over the street and need to be trimmed. Our system uses semantic segmentation to filter relevant points and downstream processing steps to create the required volume to be kept clear above the road. Challenges include obscured stretches of road, the noisy unstructured nature of LiDAR point clouds, and the assessment of the road shape. The identified points of non-compliant vegetation can be projected from the point cloud onto images, providing municipalities with a visual aid for dealing with such occurrences. By automating this process, municipalities can address potential road space constraints, enhancing safety for all. They may also save valuable time by carrying out the inspections more systematically. Our open-source code gives communities inspiration on how to automate the process themselves.
Volunteered Citizen Contribution to Smart Cities
Authors: Simeonova Gabriela , Marinov Ivan , Mickrenska Christina
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The urban planning and management needs a lot of spatial data. The data for the needs must be collected by land survey in most of the cases. When we talk about collecting data, there is a “must” to define: “What kind of data to collect?”. Certain rules are related to the acquired data for professional workflow implementation. The link between data capturing and data implementation can be found in the smart people contribution.The target of the research is how to improve the spatial data registration, documentation and visualization with low-cost hardware and software in easy accessible platform for data capture and collection by involved citizens for volunteered information sharing. The possibility of applying comprehensible hardware and software for collecting geospatial data and integration into a contribution platform is explored.The workflow shows that with the help of the citizen initiative, there are many data attributes that can be collected by publishing through free sources, such as: address number, type of street coverage, electrified pole coverage, utility equipment, et cetera.
Forest/rural road network detection and condition monitoring based on satellite imagery and deep semantic segmentation
Authors: Kelesakis Dimitrios , Marthoglou Konstantinos , Tokmaktsi Eleni , Tsiros Emmanouel , Karteris Apostolos , Stergiadou Anastasia , Kolkos George , Daras Petros , Grammalidis Nikos
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Sustainable forest and emergency management require comprehensive data on the forest road network and its condition. This paper presents the final framework of the INFOROAD project (https://inforoad.karteco.gr/), which integrates cutting-edge remote sensing and machine learning technologies for automated periodic extraction and monitoring of the forest road network. The framework includes gravel road extraction, road graph extraction, and gravel road condition monitoring, with a focus on the periurban forest in Thessaloniki. The road extraction employs the U-TAE network architecture, with a proposed modification using inverted residual blocks for improved accuracy. Road graph extraction involves creating a graph from road segmentation output or OSM data, enabling efficient road segment analysis. Gravel-road width calculation utilizes road segmentation results and a series of image processing steps, while road condition monitoring employs ML/AI classification algorithms. Worldview 3 high-resolution satellite images and various auxiliary data sources (e.g. DEM) are used as input, including field measurements for the training of classification algorithms. Results showcase the effectiveness of the proposed framework, with gravel road extraction accuracy improved by the modified U-TAE model. Regarding gravel road condition monitoring, algorithms achieving satisfactory results are identified, despite the challenges that arise, due to the significant surface and texture variations in forest and agricultural roads. A WebGIS platform facilitates information presentation, user interaction, and management of geospatial information, supporting various functionalities such as layer management and spatial data visualization. The INFOROAD project represents a significant advancement in leveraging technology for sustainable forest road management and emergency preparedness. Future steps may involve further enhancements and adaptations for improvement of results.
HeatWatch: Identification of Parameters Influencing the Urban Heat Island Effect through Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Kılınç Murat , Aydın Can , Erdoğan Aydın Gizem , Balcı Damla
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Global climate change (GCC) is accelerated by factors such as greenhouse gas emissions from human activities and the urban heat island (UHI) effect, particularly in densely urbanized areas. According to the WMO's 2023 data, GCC warming effects increased by 49% from 1990s to 2021, 80% of this increase was due to CO2. Furthermore, average global temperatures have increased by 1.1°C since the early 1900s. In this respect, the urban heat island (UHI) effect has gained importance with global temperatures. Environmental problems that cause cities to be warmer than rural areas, especially due to hard ground surfaces, building density and decreasing green areas, have the potential to create negative impacts on human health. Therefore, it is important to identify and manage the impact of UHI. This is because traditional methods are limited to fixed station data, but technologies such as remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) provide more comprehensive results for this management. In an innovative approach, deep learning and artificial intelligence techniques can provide more accurate analysis by processing large datasets. In this context, this research proposes a conceptual framework for using deep learning techniques to detect the UHI effect with data obtained from street images and unmanned aerial vehicles. With the proposal, the UHI value will be calculated by detecting objects such as trees, air conditioners, vehicles and building cladding with the YOLO-Real-Time Object Detection algorithm. With this approach, it is aimed to obtaining more precise and accurate results in determining the UHI effect. In addition, a web-based management panel will be designed for managers to review the results and use them in decision-making mechanisms. It is aimed at disseminating this model and making it an important tool in the planning of urban areas.
Artificial Intelligence for Urban Safety: A Case Study for reducing road accident in Genoa
Authors: Marceddu Alessandro , Miccoli Massimo , Amicone Alessandro , Marangoni Luca , Risso Alessandra
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This study explores the application of Machine Learning (ML) and citizen engagement in improving road safety for vulnerable populations (pedestrians, cyclists) in Genoa, Italy. Aligned with the UN's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the project aims for a 50% reduction in traffic accidents by 2030.The AI4PublicPolicy initiative introduces the Virtual Policy Management Environment (VPME) platform. VPME utilizes ML, Deep Learning (DL), Natural Language Processing (NLP), and chatbots to empower the policy development lifecycle. Citizen feedback is integrated through workshops and surveys, fostering a citizen-centric approach. The Genoa pilot program demonstrates VPME's capabilities. ML models analyse historical accident and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data to predict future high-risk areas. These predictions inform resource allocation and targeted interventions for pedestrian crossings and school walking routes ("Pedibus"). Dashboards visualize the model outputs, allowing users to assess risk levels and predict accident occurrences. Future improvements include incorporating additional data sources (demographics, real-time traffic) for enhanced model accuracy. Citizen engagement played a vital role. Co-creation workshops facilitated stakeholder participation in defining Use Cases, User Stories, and project objectives. Discussions focused on integrating data from environmental, traffic, and citizen reporting systems with VPME solutions. Participants evaluated the project approach and provided valuable feedback. The project highlights the potential of AI and citizen collaboration for data-driven policymaking. This approach empowers municipalities to make informed decisions that prioritize public safety and well-being.
Bridging past and present: cutting-edge technologies for predictive conservation of built cultural heritage
Authors: Montuori Manlio
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The technical provisions for protecting built cultural heritage originate from the interdisciplinary disciplines of architecture and engineering, which mutually operate despite encountering specific challenges. Therefore, the lack of adaptable applications capable of integrating the management of complex data originating from various sources has prompted the development of an Internet-of- Things-based application that enables "on-the-fly" data acquisition and information processing from distant locations, records the timeline on a remote desktop, and sends email and brief early warning text messages of alarm when a programmed threshold is exceeded. Furthermore, a dedicated platform is designed to administer and grant users access to a database containing data gathered through the analysis of diagnostic non-destructive methods (i.e., archival documentation, image processing for infrared thermography, acoustic and ultrasonic tomography, and so forth). The system architecture is distinguished by a distributed intelligence consisting of multiple nodes, which enables the remote processing of locally acquired information. The arrangement was strategically planned to optimize the utilization of the wireless digital bus connecting sensors and data storage units. This enables the examination of the case study to be conducted remotely, with all collected data accessible in a suitable semantic web environment. The data can then be analysed and interpreted following the investigation's context. Hence, the present paper aims to provide a detailed vision of the tests conducted on the case study, showcasing the prototype demonstrator's stress test, the analysis layout, and the project's architecture.
Contemporary development directions for urban digital twins
Authors: Virtanen Juho-Pekka , Alander Jukka , Ponto Heli , Santala Ville , Martijnse-Hartikka Renske , Andra Andreas , Sillander Timo
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Urban digital twins have become an interest for cities worldwide. The current urban digital twins frequently build on earlier 3D city modelling efforts, and thus also share many of the applications. At the same time, the ongoing digitalization offers potential routes for further development of urban digital twins. We present some of the ongoing development projects from the Helsinki region. Based on these, we then try to identify the contemporary development directions for urban digital twins, with the three emerging main themes being: 1) the inclusion of new data sources such as satellite remote sensing, crowdsourcing and various sensor systems, 2) a stronger presence of social aspects and qualitative data and 3) modular technical architecture.
Global Structure-From-Motion Enhanced Neural Radiance Fields 3D Reconstruction
Authors: Ye Tong , Huang He , Liu Yucheng , Yang Junxing
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Urban three-dimensional modeling involves digitizing geographical elements such as urban ground and architecture, profoundly impacting urban management, planning, and development. In recent years, such models have demonstrated various advantages, but traditional challenges in acquiring comprehensive geographical information persist. The emergence of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) oblique photography offers a viable solution, enabling cost-effective acquisition of geographical information and facilitating the construction of three-dimensional urban models. However, UAV-based 3D reconstruction encounters certain issues.Conventional 3D reconstruction typically begins with data collection, involving two-dimensional images or point cloud data acquisition using imagery or LiDAR technology. Subsequent steps include data preprocessing, feature extraction and matching, surface model construction, texture mapping, rendering, and generating three-dimensional models. However, traditional methods exhibit limitations and drawbacks, such as inadequate adaptation to complex scenes, increased computational demands for large-scale scenes, and difficulties with dynamic scenes.Deep learning-based 3D reconstruction methods, like MVSNet, employ deep neural networks to infer scene depth information from multiple-view images, yielding high-quality 3D reconstruction results. However, they rely heavily on prior datasets and auxiliary information, limiting generalization.Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) combine neural networks with volumetric rendering techniques, excelling in reconstructing objects with high precision and detail, handling dynamic scenes, and addressing areas with sparse viewpoints. However, NeRF's input requires sparse point clouds, commonly obtained using COLMAP, which has limitations. To address these limitations, using NeRF with global Structure-from-Motion (SfM) has emerged as a promising solution. This simultaneous processing of the entire dataset estimates camera trajectories and scene structure from shared features and information among multiple images, resulting in more accurate sparse point clouds and significantly improving image quality. Experimental validation using open-source and self-generated datasets demonstrates that this algorithm markedly enhances surface texture quality compared to traditional 3D reconstruction and NeRF with incremental SfM. In summary, this algorithm enhances 3D reconstruction efficacy and exhibits superior robustness, scalability, and accuracy compared to conventional methods.
Bridging the Gap: Matching Data from Low-Cost Mobile Sensors and Satellite for Urban Heat Island Research. A case study in Padua, Italy
Authors: Zanetti Carlo , Rubert Lisa , De Marchi Massimo , Pappalardo Salvatore Eugenio
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In recent decades, the phenomenon of urban heat islands has intensified due to the increased frequency, magnitude, and duration of extreme weather and climate events. The study of urban microclimates plays a crucial role in implementing actions to reduce thermal stress caused by urban heat islands. Typically, urban heat islands are identified through thermal satellite images (e.g. Sentinel, Landsat). However, these tools are inadequate for detecting heat islands at an appropriate spatial and temporal scale. Furthermore, satellite images do not measure air temperature but rather the land surface temperature, which is not directly usable to estimate thermal stress on the population. To address this issue, we explored, during Summer 2023 in Padua, the feasibility of using a low-cost sensor (MeteoTracker©) to map urban heat islands, to assess spatial relationships with impermeable surfaces, and to investigate potential correlations with land surface temperature. Over an overall mobile mapping of 540 km, on average, air temperature is 1 °C higher in impermeable areas compared to permeable ones. Confirming this, a 0.1 increase in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) corresponds to a temperature decrease of 0.23 °C in the afternoon and 0.3 °C in the night. Moreover, a positive relationship was found between Land Surface Temperature (LST) and air temperature: an increase of approximately 2 °C in LST for every 1 °C increase in air temperature. This study lays the foundation for further research on urban heat islands, integrating satellite and ground data for the development of high-resolution adaptation actions.
Research on High-Frequency Odometry in Laser Slam Using Point-Submap Matching
Authors: Bian Junyang , Huang He , Yang Junxing , Wang Siqi , Zhang Xin
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The stability of front-end odometry output is the cornerstone of real-time mapping and high-precision localization. However, in autonomous driving, factors such as sensor types, driving speed, and signal occlusion can impact system performance, particularly causing trajectory drift, reduced accuracy, and decreased reliability during high-speed travel. This study employs a point-by-point update approach for odometry, achieving high-frequency odometry output and mapping updates nearly matching the point sampling rate, effectively eliminating point cloud distortions and providing solid support for tracking high-speed motion and navigation localization. This method emphasizes maintaining registration accuracy and robustness under high-frequency output conditions. Moreover, by utilizing backward propagation to optimize the estimation of posture and position, and ignoring inter-frame processing, this research implements an iterative extended Kalman filter, achieving tight coupling with IMU data. Additionally, the use of the iVox data structure accelerates point cloud searching, enhancing system processing efficiency. Testing in various scenarios has demonstrated that our method exhibits superior performance and robustness across different scene data, showcasing its potential application in the field of autonomous driving.