bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association Between Frailty and Atrial Fibrillation in Older Adults: The Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort
Authors: Orkaby Ariela R. , Kornej Jelena , Lubitz Steven A. , McManus David D. , Travison Thomas G. , Sherer Jason A. , Trinquart Ludovic , Murabito Joanne M. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Preis Sarah R.
Published: December 2020

Background

Frailty is associated bidirectionally with cardiovascular disease. However, the relations between frailty and atrial fibrillation (AF) have not been fully elucidated.

Methods and Results

Using the FHS (Framingham Heart Study) Offspring cohort, we sought to examine both the association between frailty (2005–2008) and incident AF through 2016 and the association between prevalent AF and frailty status (2011–2014). Frailty was defined using the Fried phenotype. Models adjusted for age, sex, and smoking. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for competing risk of death, assessed the association between prevalent frailty and incident AF. Logistic regression models assessed the association between prevalent AF and new‐onset frailty. For the incident AF analysis, we included 2053 participants (56% women; mean age, 69.7±6.9 years). By Fried criteria, 1018 (50%) were robust, 903 (44%) were prefrail, and 132 (6%) were frail. In total, 306 incident cases of AF occurred during an average 9.2 (SD, 3.1) follow‐up years. After adjustment, there was no statistically significant association between prevalent frailty status and incident AF (prefrail versus robust: hazard ratio [HR], 1.22 [95% CI, 0.95–1.55]; frail versus robust: HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.57–1.47]). At follow‐up, there were 111 new cases of frailty. After adjustment, there was no statistically significant association between prevalent AF and new‐onset frailty (odds ratio, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.17–1.36]).

Conclusions

Although a bidirectional association between frailty and cardiovascular disease has been suggested, we did not find evidence of an association between frailty and AF. Our findings may be limited by sample size and should be further explored in other populations.
Five‐Year Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction After Acute Ischemic Stroke in Korea
Authors: Lee Keon‐Joo , Kim Seong‐Eun , Kim Jun Yup , Kang Jihoon , Kim Beom Joon , Han Moon‐Ku , Choi Kang‐Ho , Kim Joon‐Tae , Shin Dong‐Ick , Cha Jae‐Kwan , Kim Dae‐Hyun , Kim Dong‐Eog , Ryu Wi‐Sun , Park Jong‐Moo , Kang Kyusik , Kim Jae Guk , Lee Soo Joo , Oh Mi‐Sun , Yu Kyung‐Ho , Lee Byung‐Chul , Park Hong‐Kyun , Hong Keun‐Sik , Cho Yong‐Jin , Choi Jay Chol , Sohn Sung Il , Hong Jeong‐Ho , Park Moo‐Seok , Park Tai Hwan , Park Sang‐Soon , Lee Kyung Bok , Kwon Jee‐Hyun , Kim Wook‐Joo , Lee Jun , Lee Ji Sung , Lee Juneyoung , Gorelick Philip B. , Bae Hee‐Joon ,   the CRCS‐K Registry Investigators
Published: December 2020

Background

The long‐term incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has not been well defined in large cohort studies of various race‐ethnic groups.

Methods and Results

A prospective cohort of patients with AIS who were registered in a multicenter nationwide stroke registry (CRCS‐K [Clinical Research Collaboration for Stroke in Korea] registry) was followed up for the occurrence of AMI through a linkage with the National Health Insurance Service claims database. The 5‐year cumulative incidence and annual risk were estimated according to predefined demographic subgroups, stroke subtypes, a history of coronary heart disease (CHD), and known risk factors of CHD. A total of 11 720 patients with AIS were studied. The 5‐year cumulative incidence of AMI was 2.0%. The annual risk was highest in the first year after the index event (1.1%), followed by a much lower annual risk in the second to fifth years (between 0.16% and 0.27%). Among subgroups, annual risk in the first year was highest in those with a history of CHD (4.1%) compared with those without a history of CHD (0.8%). The small‐vessel occlusion subtype had a much lower incidence (0.8%) compared with large‐vessel occlusion (2.2%) or cardioembolism (2.4%) subtypes. In the multivariable analysis, history of CHD (hazard ratio, 2.84; 95% CI, 2.01–3.93) was the strongest independent predictor of AMI after AIS.

Conclusions

The incidence of AMI after AIS in South Korea was relatively low and unexpectedly highest during the first year after stroke. CHD was the most substantial risk factor for AMI after stroke and conferred an approximate 5‐fold greater risk.
The Pentecostal Antirevolution: Reflections from Angola
Authors: Blanes Ruy Llera , Zawiejska Natalia
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the so-called ‘revolutionary’ character of Evangelical and Pentecostal movements, as has been proposed in mainstream sociological and anthropological literature. Through a historical and ethnographic account of Evangelical and Pentecostal Christianity in Angola, we suggest that in this country Evangelicalism and Pentecostalism is defined by exclusionary tactics that render most churches compliant with the current political regime, and they in fact act as reactionary, conservative forces in contexts of social and political disruption. This in turn exposes a divergence in terms of political rhetoric and praxis among Evangelical and Pentecostal movements.
L'apport des correspondants genevois de Spallanzani à la méthodologie expérimentale
Authors: Grmek Mirko D.
Published: December 2020

Certains traits de Vceuvre de Lazzaro Spallanzani correspondent aux valeurs principales de la haute bourgeoisie genevoise de son temps. C’est auprès de Charles Bonnet, de Jean Senebier et d’Abraham Trembley que le naturaliste italien a trouvé le meilleur accueil et la plus grande comprehension. La corre-spondance entre ces savants est une source particulièrement riche pour la reconstruction des fondements épistémologiques de la méthodologie experimentale dans les sciences de la vie pendant la seconde moitié du XVIIIs siècle. L’Essai sur l'art d’observer et de faire des experiences dupasteur Senebier est une analyse magistrale et une sorte de long sermon enfaveur d’une méthode de recherche que l'abbé Spallanzani ne prêchait que par l'exemple.
L'âme et les sensations selon Charles Bonnet (1720-1793)
Authors: Baud Patrick
Published: December 2020

Bonnet a apporté à l'histoire naturelle d’importantes contributions, comme exporimentateur et comme théoricien. Des troubles de la vue le contraignent a renoncer, jeune encore, à l'observation; il s’oriente alors vers la psychologie et la philosophie, organisant sa reflexion autour de deux thèmes majeurs: l’origine de nos idées et l'organisation de nos facultés.
La contribution de Friedrich Wilhelm Zahn (1845—1904) à l'étude de l'inflammation
Authors: Benaroyo Lazare
Published: December 2020

Avant d’être appelé à occuper la première chaire de pathologic à l'Universitc de Genève, Friedrich Wilhelm Zahn a publié en 1871 sa these de doctoral intitules: Zur Lehre von der Entzündung und Eiterung. Ce travail, rédigé sous la direction d’ Edwin Klebs, à Berne, démontre expërimentale merit que le prétendu Microsporon septicum (un champignon infectieux identifié par ce dernier) provoque une inflammation locale ainsi que Fapparition de foyers de suppuration secondaires, a distance. Cette étude confirme apparemment Fhypothèse de Klebs selon laquelle le Microsporon septicum, habituellement present dans les plates, est la cause d' une maladie infectieuse. La recherche de Zahn fait d’emblée Fob jet d’une critique, également adressée à Klebs : V identification du microorga-nisme, de rnëme que la demonstration de son action causale ne s ont pas concluan-tes. A Fissue du debat, il est admis qu’un microorganisme ne pent être la cause d'un état infectieux qu'aux deux conditions suivantes: il doit être considéré comme identifié selon la méthode de Koch, et la relation causale qui l'unit à la maladie infectieuse doit être spédfique. C’est ce que la thèse de Zahn n’est précisément pas parvenue a dérnontrer.

L’analyse du contenu de cette recherche ainsi que des critiques qu’elle a suscitées nous permet de mettre en lumière les divers arguments qui ont alimenté la controverse sur la cause de l'inflammation et de la suppuration ä l'aube de l'ère bactériologique.
A Document / Ein Dokument / Un Document / Un Documento
Authors: Mörgeli Christoph
Published: December 2020

Im Medizinhistorischen Institut und Museum der Universität Zürich befindet sich ein um 1825 geschriebenes Manuskript des Zürcher Spitalarztes Johann Ludwig Meyer (1782—1852). Darin beschreibt der Autor seine chirurgischen Beobachtungen in den in Zürich behelfsmässig eingerichteten Lazaretten zur Zeit der französischen Besetzung von 1798 und des 2. Koalitionskrieges von 1799. Der damals sechzehnjährige Meyer hatte zusammen mit Johannes Grimm als Gehilfe seines Vaters, Stadtschnittarzt Konrad Meyer, die verletzten Offiziere und Soldaten in den französischen, österreichischen und russischen Spitälern wundärztlich zu besorgen.
Georg von Neumayer (1826—1909) und die internationale Entwicklung der Geophysik
Authors: Schröder Wilfried , Wiederkehr Karl Heinrich
Published: December 2020

Im ersten Teil unserer Studie (siehe Gesnerus 49, Part 1, S. 45—62) haben wir die grossen Verdienste Neumayers um die Entwicklung der Meteorologie in aller Welt hervorgehoben. Im folgenden befassen wir uns, im Anschluss daran, mit Neumayers Bemühungen um die Erforschung des Erdmagnetismus. Auch auf diesem Feld war er Forscher und Denker, Anreger und Koordinator in einem.
Die Entwicklung der Homöopathie in den Vereinigten Staaten
Authors: Schmidt Josef M.
Published: December 2020

After an enormous spread in the United States of America during the 19th century homeopathy had almost completely vanished from the scene by the beginning of the 20th century. For the past two decades, however, it seems once again to experience a kind of renaissance. Major aspects of this development—in terms of medical and cultural history, sociology, politics, and economics—are illustrated on the basis of a general history of homeopathy in the United States. Using original sources, a first attempt is made to reconstruct the history of homeopathy in San Francisco which has some institutional peculiarities that make it unique within the whole country.
Naissance de la clinique allemande
Authors: von Bueltzingsloewen Isabelle
Published: December 2020

The aim of this article is to show that, in the case of Germany. the birth of the clinic not only represents a change in the medical outlook, as described by Foucault, but should also be analyzed as the result of a complex interplay of political, economic, arid social forces and as a conjunction of various demands which do not merely emanate from the university and scientific institutions.
Grundkonzepte der Pathologie in Deutschland von 1858 bis heute und der Fortschrittsbegriff in der Medizin
Authors: Prüll Cay-Rüdiger
Published: December 2020

The rise of scientific medicine in the 19th century had its origins mainly in Rudolf Virchows localistic cellular pathology. As a consequence the organism as a complex system was kept in the background. In recognition of this prob-lem, concepts of pathology, emerging in 20th century, tried in vain to establish organismic theories of illness. Pathology remained deeply indebted to Virchows work. Deficits appeared even in 19th century, when treatment of patients was mainly focussed on practicability of cure, ignoring the social background. Therefore, it is not possible to speak about progress of pathology in general, for diagnostics depends also on individual mentality, the subject, and the situation of the time.
A Controversial Episode in the History of Artificial Cornea: The First Use of Poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Chirila Traian Vasile , Crawford Geoffrey James
Published: December 2020

The introduction of the synthetic plastic poly(methyl methacrylate) as a material for artificial cornea (keratoprosthesis) is usually credited to William Stone, Jr. who allegedly performed the first experiments in 1947 and reported the results in 1953. As this plastic marked a revival in the development of artificial cornea, it is important to establish who was the first to use it and actually deserves the credit. This study demonstrates that at least three other ophthalmic surgeons (Wünsche in Germany, Franceschetti in Switzerland, and Györffy in Hungary) performed trials with keratoprostheses made from poly(methyl methacrylate) and published their results prior to Stone, Jr.
La Maternité de Genève (1874-1907), une nouvelle porte d'entrée dans la vie?
Authors: Rieder Philip
Published: December 2020

Geneva's maternity hospital was set up in order to answer the needs of the new medical school in the 1870's. The early years of the Geneva maternity hospital illustrate the heterogeneity of the first generation of teachers as well as the difficulties of the school to gain control of appointements and autonomy in the management of clinics and courses. The sources used allow insights into two apparently separate fields: the social organisation of childbirth and the difficulties of a generation of doctors and teachers to adapt to rapidly changing medical knowledge.
Assault and Battery, or Legitimate Treatment?
Authors: Maehle Andreas-Holger
Published: December 2020

In response to cases of high handed medical interventions and treatments, a debate on the legal justification of operations and the relevance of patients’ consent developed among German-speaking jurists in the 1890s. The view that surgery was objectively physical injury or battery, which went merely unpunished through the patient’s consent, was highly contested among legal experts and firmly rejected by doctors. Various proposals to justify indicated medical treatment without consent were discussed. German jurisdiction, however, endorsed the battery theory of medical interventions and thus prepared the way for the concept of informed consent in medicine.
Eléments pour une histoire de la communauté thérapeutique dans la psychiatrie occidentale de la seconde moitié du 20e siècle
Authors: Fussinger Catherine
Published: December 2020

Based on a critique of the traditional ruling of mental hospital, therapeutic community is an innovative model elaborated in Great Britain during World War II. According to this approach, all the relationships at work inside the institution have a big impact on the patients’ state. One of the favoured tools of the therapeutic community lies in regular meetings common to patients and staff, but also reserved to professionals. During these sessions small and big problems are intended to be discussed and resolved collectively. The constitution of this approach as a model and its diffusion in continental European psychiatry during the second half of the 20th century is described in this paper. Four stages are distinguished: the genesis, the constitution of a distinct approach and diffusion in Continental Europe, the radicalisation and criticism by the antipsychiatric movement, the institutionalisation and decline.
Doctors in Court, Honour, and Professional Ethics: Two Scandals in Imperial Germany
Authors: Maehle Andreas-Holger
Published: December 2020

Comparing two public medical affairs which involved disciplinary proceedings and libel actions, one from Bavaria and one from Prussia, this article analyzes the dynamics behind legal conflicts over doctors’ professional ethics in Imperial Germany. In both the case of Dr Maurice Hutzler, who com mitted suicide after conflicts with senior colleagues at the Gisela Children’s Hospital and a sentence of the court of honour of the Munich Medical District Society, and the Berlin “patient trade” affair, in which the medical professors Ernst von Leyden, Hermann Senator, Karl Anton Ewald and Carl Posner were accused of having made payments to middlemen for bringing them lucrative private patients, notions of personal and professional honour played a central role. The Munich case highlighted shortcomings of the Bavarian medical court of honour system, which was less developed than its Prussian counterpart. The analysis of the two cases suggests that the ethics of medical practice in early twentieth-century Germany should be viewed as part of a culture of honour.
“The Sixth Sense”: Towards a History of Muscular Sensation
Authors: Smith Roger
Published: December 2020

This paper outlines the history of knowledge about the muscular sense and provides a bibliographic resource for further research. A range of different topics, questions and approaches have interrelated throughout this history, and the discussion clarifies this rather than presenting detailed research in any one area. P art I relates the origin of belief in a muscular sense to empiricist accounts of the contribution of the senses to knowledge from Locke, via the idéologues and other authors, to the second half of the nineteenth century. Analysis paid much attention to touch, first in the context of the theory of vision and then in its own right, which led to naming a distinct muscular sense. From 1800 to the present, there was much debate, the main lines of which this paper introduces, about the nature and function of what turned out to be a complex sense. A number of influential psycho-physiologists, notably Alexander Bain and Herbert Spencer, thought this sense the most primitive and primary of all, the origin of knowledge of world, causation and self as an active subject. Part II relates accounts of the muscular sense to the development of nervous physiology and of psychology.

In the decades before 1900, t he developing separation of philosophy, psychology and physiology as specialised disciplines divided up questions which earlier writers had discussed under the umbrella heading of muscular sensation. The term ‘kinaesthesia’ came in 1880 and ‘proprio-ception’ in 1906. There was, all the same, a lasting interest in the argument that touch and muscular sensation are intrinsic to the existence of embodied being in the way the other senses are not. In the wider culture – the arts, sport, the psychophysiology of labour and so on – there were many ways in which people expressed appreciation of the importance of what the anatomist Charles Bell had called ‘the sixth sense’.
The origins of British sports medicine, 1850–1914
Authors: Carter Neil
Published: December 2020

This article, by focussing on athletes’ training methods and treatments for sporting injuries, examines the origins of sports medicine in Britain from around 1850 to 1914. Although, the phrase ‘sports medicine’ had not yet been invented, the article explains how the development of sports medicine during this period was shaped by a wider historical context. Difficulties over defining sports medicine, for example, stemmed from its status as a holistic practice in an increasingly professionalised medical world. Moreover, ideas concerning the training of athletes reflected both contemporary shifts in medical thinking, especially physiology, and a power struggle between orthodox and unorthodox medical practitioners. During this period, an increasingly competitive sporting world, also gave rise to the sporting injury and the need for specialised treatments. However, rather these treatments further mirrored contemporary medical practices.
Laughter in popular games and in sport. The other health of human play
Authors: Eichberg Henning
Published: December 2020

Hurling in Cornwall, la soule in Britanny, Shrovetide football in England: Popular games have normally been treated as forerunners of modern sport, sport having regulated the space and the time of the game, the (non-) violence of behaviour, the control of results, the planning, strategy, tactics, techniques and evaluation of the competitive action. This is told as a story of social improvement and progress – and about turning unhealthy wildness into civilized ‘healthy’ sport activity. What sociological analysis of game-playing tended to ignore was the laughter of the participants. With the seriousness of modern sport, as it was established in the nineteenth century, a culture of laughter disappeared. This study tries to counter this mainstream by a pheno - menology of laughter in popular games. A contrasting attention is turned towards the seriousness of sporting competition, the smile in modern sport and fitness, and the ‘underground’ dimension of laughter in modern sports. By comparative analysis, laughter reveals as a bodily discourse about the imperfect human being. It tells an oppositional story about the perfectionism in the order of Western thinking – in sports as well as in health. The bodily ‘physiology’ of laughter, the exploding psychical energy, and the inter-bodily social relations in laughter and play and game point towards the multi - dimensionality of health, as it was formulated by WHO: as “physical, mental, and social well-being”.
L’acupuncture et le magnétisme animal face à l’orthodoxie médicale française (1780–1830)
Authors: Guilloux Ronald
Published: December 2020

This article analyses why the French phenomenon of acupuncture was confined to the 1810s–1820s. It argues that the French medical orthodoxy played a decisive role. First, we recount the history of the French reception of Japanese acupuncture from the late 17th century to the 1820s. Second, we go back to the animal magnetism trial to find some explanatory tools for the decline of French acupuncture. Third, we show that the oppositions to both therapies were not mere juxtapositions, but due to the growing strength of medical orthodoxy. Finally, we suggest a model of analysis of the French medical orthodoxy of the early 19th century through a set of multidimensional oppositions: anthropological (imagination/reason), epistemological (to heal/to explain), therapeutic (drug/fluid), nosological (organic disease/functional disease), and lastly, economic, moral and political oppositions (doctor/charlatan).
Confronting Otherness through Theatre: On Directing The Merchant of Venice for Thai Audiences
Authors: Na-pombejra Dangkamon
Published: December 2020

This article analyzes on a new directorial approach to Venice Vanija (เวนิสวาณิช), a Thai version of William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice (written 1596–99) and translated by King Rama vi (r. 1910–1925). It aimed to create a new space and new rules that would encourage Thai audiences to embrace new perspectives by watching the performance. The production was directed by the author in 2018 in the Department of Dramatic Arts in the Faculty of Arts at Chulalongkorn University.

The directing approach focused on the play’s famous line “all that glitters is not gold;” (Act ii, scene vii, line 65), and stressed how struggles between majorities and “the Other” are connected to identity conflicts that contrast with tensions with other people and conflicts within the whole community.

The above focus was elaborated by using alienation effects, including a grotesque modern fairytale-like look, a nearly all-female cast, a distinctive traverse stage and set design, effeminate costumes for male characters portrayed by actresses, and mixed acting techniques.

The director achieved his goals by concentrating on the message and the main conflicts in the play, transforming “aliens into the allies” through using good surprises and friendly attacks, and respecting every party.
Three new species of the genus Ranops (Araneae: Zodariidae) from southern Africa
Authors: JOCQUÉ RUDY , HENRARD ARNAUD
Published: December 2020

The genus Ranops Jocqué, 1991 was only known from three species so far. Three new species of the genus are described here: R. robinae sp. nov. (♂♀) from South Africa, R. tharinae sp. nov. (♂♀) from Botswana, and R. wandae sp. nov. (♂♀) from Namibia. Its distribution is discussed and a distribution map for all the Ranops species is provided. Ranops expers (O.P. Cambridge, 1876) does not belong to Ranops and is transferred back to Zodarion Walckenaer, 1826.
New record of Gelotia Thorell, 1890 and a new species of Parahelpis Gardzińska & Żabka, 2010 (Araneae: Salticidae) from Australia
Authors: PATOLETA BARBARA M. , ŻABKA MAREK
Published: December 2020

Gelotia robusta Wanless, 1984 (♂♀) and Parahelpis wandae sp. nov. (♂) from Northeast Queensland are diagnosed, described and illustrated. The genus Gelotia Thorell, 1890 is newly recorded from Australia, and the female of G. robusta is described for the first time. Distributional maps of the studied species are presented, and remarks on their relationships and distribution are provided.
Taxonomic revision of Marma Simon, 1902 (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)
Authors: SALGADO ALEXANDRE , RUIZ GUSTAVO R.S.
Published: December 2020

The Neotropical genus Marma Simon, 1902 is revised. With exception of the holotype of M. femella (Caporiacco, 1955), which was redescribed in previous work, all the other species of the genus were revised based on their types. The type species, M. baeri Simon, 1902, and M. nigritarsis (Simon, 1900) are redescribed based on newly collected specimens. The third and last species presently listed in the World Spider Catalog, M. femella, is confirmed as valid. Two species presently considered synonyms of M. nigritarsis are revalidated: M. rosea (Mello-Leitão, 1941) and M. argentina (Mello-Leitão, 1941). Two species are synonymized: Thysema dorae Mello-Leitão, 1944, syn. nov. with Ocnotelus argentinus Mello-Leitão, 1941 and Paralophostica centralis Soares & Camargo, 1948, syn. nov. with Agelista rosea Mello-Leitão, 1941. Pseudoamphidraus variegatus Caporiacco, 1947 and M. trifidocarinata Caporiacco, 1947 are confirmed as synonyms of M. nigritarsis. Six new species from northern/northeastern Brazil are described: M. abaira sp. nov. (♀), M. linae sp. nov. (♂♀), M. pipa sp. nov. (♂♀), M. sinuosa sp. nov. (♂♀), M. spelunca sp. nov. (♂♀) and M. wesolowskae sp. nov. (♂♀). Also, the male of M. argentina is described for the first time. We give new diagnostic illustrations and updated distribution records for all the species of the genus.
Description of two new species of the jumping spider genus Pancorius Simon, 1902 (Araneae: Salticidae) from Southwest China
Authors: WANG WEI-HANG , WANG CHENG
Published: December 2020

Two new species of Pancorius Simon, 1902 are diagnosed, described and illustrated from Southwest China: P. candidus sp. nov. (♂♀) from Yunnan Province and P. wesolowskae sp. nov. (♂♀) from Guizhou Province.
Abundance changes in orb-weaver spider communities at the edge of the Argiope bruennichi expansion range
Authors: WAWER WIOLETTA , WYTWER JOLANTA
Published: December 2020

Expanding range is an inherent feature of any species and may be caused by climate change, destruction or other change of habitat, or lack of natural enemies. In a new habitat the species may be neutral, or as predator it can displace related species through competition. A strong expansion to northern Europe was observed in the thermophilous spider species Argiope bruennichi. The species doubled its range in Poland during the 1990s and its impact on native species was not investigated so far. In this article, the results of studies about A. bruennichi number (density) and its contribution in orb-weaver spider communities are analysed. We also try to determine the impact of newly occurring species on the local araneofauna.
Over 40 years with jumping spiders: on the 70th birthday of Wanda Wesołowska
Authors: WIŚNIEWSKI KONRAD
Published: December 2020

Professor Wanda Wesołowska (maiden name Nowysz)—an internationally recognised expert in the taxonomy of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)—was born in Włocławek (Central Poland) on 11 August 1950. Wanda spent her youth and received her primary and secondary education in Szczecin (NW Poland). After finishing school in 1968, she entered the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, where she studied biology. Wanda graduated with a MSc degree in 1973. Her thesis was devoted to birds and was titled “Observations on the water and marsh birds on the storage-reservoir on the Vistula river near Włocławek during migration seasons”. This research was published as a scientific paper (Nowysz-Wesołowska 1976). Thus, Wanda began her scientific career with research on birds, an interest that is not uncommon among arachnologists (e.g., Pontus Palmgren, Michael I. Saaristo and Eugène Simon). This passion was shared with her future husband Tomasz Wesołowski. While still a student, Wanda undertook several regional field trips and published four papers on birds, with most of them being co-authored with Tomasz (Nowysz & Wesołowski 1972, 1973a,b; Nowysz 1973). Recently, Wanda and Tomasz celebrated the 40th anniversary of their marriage with another joint paper devoted to the ecology of the fluke Leucochloridium and its effect on the behaviour of the snail Succinea putris (Wesołowska & Wesołowski 2014). Wanda and Tomasz have one daughter, Olga, who currently works at the Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology at the Wrocław Medical Unversity (Poland), and a grandson, Mikołaj.
Revision of the Afrotropical crab-spider genus Parabomis Kulczyński, 1901 (Araneae: Thomisidae)
Authors: DIPPENAAR-SCHOEMAN ANNA S. , FOORD STEFAN H.
Published: December 2020

The Afrotropical spider genus Parabomis Kulczyński, 1901 is revised. Members of Parabomis are some of the smallest thomisids known, and occur from Eritrea in the north of Africa to South Africa in the south, but are absent from Madagascar. Prior to this study, three species were known, namely P. levanderi Kulczyński, 1901 (Eritrea, ♂), P. martini Lessert, 1919 (Tanzania, ♂♀) and P. anabensis Lawrence, 1928 (Namibia, ♀). Parabomis anabensis sp. nov. is here recognized as a junior synonym of P. martini and four new species are described: P. elsae sp. nov. from South Africa (♂♀), P. megae sp. nov. from Zimbabwe (♂♀), P. pilosus sp. nov. from Botswana (♂♀) and P. wandae sp. nov. from Ghana (♂♀). A key to the six species is provided. The monotypic Afrotropical genus Felsina Simon, 1895, only known from its type species, F. granulum Simon, 1895, resembles Parabomis closely is known only from juveniles.
Vertical Structure of the Beaufort Gyre Halocline and the Crucial Role of the Depth-Dependent Eddy Diffusivity
Authors: Kenigson Jessica S. , Gelderloos Renske , Manucharyan Georgy E.
Published: December 2020

Theories of the Beaufort Gyre (BG) dynamics commonly represent the halocline as a single layer with a thickness depending on the Eulerian-mean and eddy-induced overturning. However, observations suggest that the isopycnal slope increases with depth, and a theory to explain this profile remains outstanding. Here we develop a multilayer model of the BG, including the Eulerian-mean velocity, mesoscale eddy activity, diapycnal mixing, and lateral boundary fluxes, and use it to investigate the dynamics within the Pacific Winter Water (PWW) layer. Using theoretical considerations, observational data, and idealized simulations, we demonstrate that the eddy overturning is critical in explaining the observed vertical structure. In the absence of the eddy overturning, the Ekman pumping and the relatively weak vertical mixing would displace isopycnals in a nearly parallel fashion, contrary to observations. This study finds that the observed increase of the isopycnal slope with depth in the climatological state of the gyre is consistent with a Gent–McWilliams eddy diffusivity coefficient that decreases by at least 10%–40% over the PWW layer. We further show that the depth-dependent eddy diffusivity profile can explain the relative magnitude of the correlated isopycnal depth and layer thickness fluctuations on interannual time scales. Our inference that the eddy overturning generates the isopycnal layer thickness gradients is consistent with the parameterization of eddies via a Gent–McWilliams scheme but not potential vorticity diffusion. This study implies that using a depth-independent eddy diffusivity, as is commonly done in low-resolution ocean models, may contribute to misrepresentation of the interior BG dynamics.
The Effect of Perianal Tramadol Infiltration on Postoperative Pain Following Hemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Hatami Maryam , Talebi Mohammad , Heiranizadeh Naimeh , Vaziribozorg Sedighe
Published: December 2020

Introduction

The present study was attempted to evaluate the effect of perianal infiltration of tramadol on postoperative pain in patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy.

Method

This double-blind clinical trial study was carried out on 90 patients with grade 3 and 4 hemorrhoids undergoing hemorrhoidectomy. Patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups of control or bupivacaine or tramadol. Before the surgery, perianal infiltration of .25% bupivacaine or tramadol or normal saline was prescribed to each group, respectively. Data on pain severity (based on the visual analog scale (VAS), the duration of surgery, sedation score, pain at the first defecation, first request time for additional analgesia, nausea and vomiting, and analgesic intakes) were evaluated and analyzed.

Results

Duration of surgery was almost similar in all 3 groups ( P = .974). The results showed a significant difference in pain score between 3 groups ( P ≤.05) at all times after the surgery. In addition, the means of sedation scores ( P = .03), pain score at the first defecation ( P = .001), the time to first analgesic request ( P = .001), and ketorolac administration times ( P = .01) were significantly different between 3 groups. Finally, no complication was reported regarding postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Conclusion

Given the notable efficacy of tramadol in reducing pain after hemorrhoidectomy and its minor side effects, this medication is suggested as an effective topical anesthetic to decrease pain after hemorrhoidectomy.
Predictive Value of C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Acet Halit , Güzel Tuncay , Aslan Bayram , Isik Mehmet Ali , Ertas Faruk , Catalkaya Sibel
Published: December 2020

The present study aimed to examine the association of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) with short-term major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). We included 539 STEMI patient treated with pPCI in this study. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to MACE development. Patients with MACE had higher CAR than those without (1.18 [0.29-1.99] vs 0.21 [0.09-0.49], P < .001). Multivariate analysis showed that The Global Record for Acute Coronary Events score, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with TAXus and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) score, glucose and CAR (odds ratio:1.326, 95% CI: 1.212-1452, P < .001) were independent predictors of MACE. The CAR may be proven useful for risk stratification in STEMI patients undergoing pPCI.
Keeping Up With the Joneses: Role of CSR Awards in Incentivizing Non-Winners’ CSR
Authors: Li Jiangyan , Yin Juelin , Shi Wei , Yi Xiwei
Published: December 2020

We attempt to provide a novel antecedent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by focusing on the role of CSR awards. Specifically, we investigate how competitors’ winning CSR awards incentivize non-winning firms’ CSR as a competitive catch-up. Using a difference-in-differences research design, we find that non-winners improve their CSR after their competitors have won CSR awards. Furthermore, based on the awareness-motivation-capability (AMC) framework from the competitive dynamics literature, we find that the media visibility of award winners, the performance gap of non-winners with award winners, and the prior CSR of non-winners strengthen the CSR competitive catch-up behaviors. Findings from this study contribute to the CSR research by highlighting the spillover effect of CSR awards as a meaningful event in incentivizing non-winning firms’ CSR and extending the AMC framework to explain the contingency factors of competitive catch-up in the context of CSR research.
Numerical investigation of the dynamic responses of steel-concrete girder bridges subjected to moving vehicular loads
Authors: Gao Qingfei , Zhang Kun , Wang Tong , Peng Weikang , Liu Chengqing
Published: December 2020

The steel-concrete composite girder bridge is a new type of bridge. The steel girder and concrete slab are connected together by connectors and bear the common force so that the tensile performance of steel and the compressive performance of concrete can be fully utilized. The advantages are obvious. However, research on the dynamic analysis of steel-concrete composite beam bridges is still relatively rare, and the dynamic effects on these bridges from vehicles are becoming increasingly significant. In this paper, a more complex steel-concrete composite simply supported beam bridge model and the entire vehicle model are established, and five steel-concrete connection levels of the bridge model are considered. Using the finite element model, the effects of five factors, namely, bridge natural frequency, vehicle natural frequency, vehicle speed, vehicle lateral position and bridge deck roughness, on the dynamic load allowance ( DLA) of the composite girder bridge are studied. The influence of vehicle speed and bridge surface roughness on the DLA has a strong regularity. The change in the DLA of the lateral position of the vehicle is highly symmetrical, and the DLA value at the side beam is larger than that of the center beam. Changes in bridge vibration frequency and vehicle vibration frequency can bring about significant changes in the DLA, and the closer the two frequencies are, the more significant the DLA increases, and the more likely it is to produce resonance.
A Canadian national survey of informal employed caregivers of older adults with and without dementia: Work and employee outcomes
Authors: Sadavoy Joel , Sajedinejad Sima , Duxbury Linda , Chiu Mary
Published: December 2020

Background:

The majority of family caregivers (CG) caring for older adults, many of whom have dementia, are employees concurrently contending with the work demands and the stress and conflicts of caregiving. Both employers and CG employees are challenged by the need to address this problem.

Method:

A cross-sectional Canadian survey was distributed nationally to working informal CGs of older adults in 2015 to 2016. It was designed to investigate the relative predictive roles of caregiving variables, job demands, balancing work and caregiving variables, and work-related factors on work and employee outcomes. Our sample was comprised of employees ( N = 1,839) who were concurrently providing informal care for an older adult with specific attention to those caring for care recipients (CR) with dementia. We employed hierarchical and ordinal multiple regression to examine CG and caregiving characteristics, family and job demands, and balancing job-caregiving variables as predictors of work-related outcomes including work engagement, employment/employee changes index, absenteeism, and intent-to-turnover.

Results:

After controlling for CGs’ age, sex, and family financial situation, we found dementia demands, job-caregiving conflict, effective manager, and organizational culture were significant predictors of five out of six work and employee outcomes. Role overload was significantly associated with four outcomes.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this is the first study of this size to explore the association of these predictive variables with work-related outcomes and to refine the understanding of the profile of employed CGs of older adults with dementia. Sustaining working CGs of older adults may require new ‘talent management’ approaches rather than simply increasing the number of benefits.
Narratives of city exposure: Incarnations of the street person in Zanta: The Living Legend and The Dregs
Authors: Hernáez Lerena María Jesús
Published: December 2020

This article examines the rationale for definitions of the homeless in the public imagination and the kind of discourses used to create a physical, psychological, and moral distance between the domiciled and the destitute. In a society where the worthy individual is tied to an ideal of entrepreneurial, rational, homed, successful consumer, and where public space is solely destined for the unobstructed consumption of the privileged, street dwellers are naturally seen as a threat to the economic, social, and moral order as well as a visual blemish: an obstacle to safety and wellbeing. Drawing from a number of sociological, urban, and narrative studies on the survival tactics of homeless people, and especially from Nicholas Blomley’s (2010) insights about street mobility and Leon Anderson’s (2017) classifications of stigma management, this article describes how subjects defined as pathological, dangerous, or pitiful, negotiate street restrictions and create their own standing within a revanchist city. These individuals feature in two comic books published in Canada, Zanta: The Living Legend (2012) and The Dregs (2017), whose originality lies in the heroic role the street person assumes, a legitimate searcher for meaning that sees what most people overlook. In their different format as non-fiction comic and serialized fictional comic we find the expressive visual and narrative potential of the genre and become witnesses of the tribulations of two characters whom the world may consider as deranged but are, however, able to enhance their self-esteem, dismantle ideologies behind assumed notions of respectability, and actively contribute to the city as a place of encounter with difference.
Would You Fight? We Asked Aggrieved Artisanal Miners in Eastern Congo
Authors: Stoop Nik , Verpoorten Marijke
Published: December 2020

To meet the rising demand for minerals, mining companies have ventured into fragile areas, often at the expense of artisanal miners. This has led to grievances, and at times violence. Who among the aggrieved intend to use violence? How can peace be maintained? This paper uses individual-level data to address these questions. Among a sample of 469 about-to-be-evicted artisanal miners in Eastern Congo, we inquire about the intention to engage in several forms of violence. We identify how this intention varies with miners’ past exposure to violence and attitudes towards policies that seek social peace. A large proportion of miners intends to destroy the company’s property, attack its employees, use fire arms, or join an armed group. These would-be-fighters are motivated by grievances, as well as material and social incentives. Our results contribute to understanding the micro-motivations underpinning the local resource curse and entail concrete lessons for mining policies.
Appropriate locations of fixed bearings of continuous beams considering rail-bridge thermal interaction
Authors: Lou Ping , Cheng Yi-Wei , Li Te , Zhang Xiang-Min
Published: December 2020

Due to the rail-bridge thermal interaction, the high additional axial force in continuously welded rails on continuous bridges may lead to rail buckling or breaking. However, there is little research on the influence of the location of the fixed bearing of continuous beam on the additional force of rail. In order to study the influence of bridge bearing arrangement on the additional longitudinal force of CWR, the thermal interaction model is established for rail, and simple and continuous beams considering nonlinear stiffness and the methods are proposed to determine the locations of fixed bearings of continuous beams corresponding to the maximum additional forces in rail reaching minimum values. Multiple continuous beams with several different lengths and simple beams with three types of bearing arrangements are taken into account to find the effect laws of the locations of the fixed bearings of continuous beams on the maximum additional forces in rail. The results show that as long as the same number of continuous beams, the ratios of the distances of adjacent two fixed bearings to the distance between the two fixed bearings of the simple beams neighbour to the first and last continuous beams respectively are approximately equal to each other. Furthermore the appropriate locations of the fixed bearings of continuous beams are recommended. The results can guide designing the location of the fixed bearing of continuous railway bridge while reducing the additional axial force in continuously welded rails due to bridge thermal effect.
Improved wavelet packet denoising algorithm using fuzzy threshold and correlation analysis for chaotic signals
Authors: Liu Yunxia , Lu Xiao , Bei Guangxia , Jiang Zhongyun
Published: December 2020

The research of an effective denoising algorithm for the actual obtained signals with chaotic characteristics is of great interest to all fields of the subject. To show the true chaotic state and analyze the dynamic characteristics of the chaotic system more accurately, an improved denoising algorithm using wavelet packet is proposed in this paper. Wavelet packet decomposition has an optimal sub-band tree structure, which can be used for local analysis of chaotic signals. Based on the correlation function value differences of wavelet packet coefficients, the algorithm determines the optimal decomposition layer, while the optimal wavelet packet basis is obtained with logarithmic energy entropy as the cost function. Furthermore, on the one hand, it makes efforts to divide wavelet packet coefficients into approximate parts, fuzzy parts and detail parts. On the other, it carries out singular spectrum analysis, the fuzzy threshold and the correlation analysis for the select of these three different types of coefficients in order to retain the dynamic performance of chaotic signals in the greatest extent. To verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, the Lorenz chaotic model is employed to analyzed. Simulation results verify the practicability of the improved denoising algorithm, which can also be well applied to various chaotic signals denoising with different noise levels.
Fuzzy descriptor tracking control with guaranteed L∞ error-bound for robot manipulators
Authors: Nguyen Anh-Tu , Dequidt Antoine , Nguyen Van-Anh , Vermeiren Laurent , Dambrine Michel
Published: December 2020

This paper is concerned with the nonlinear tracking control design for robot manipulators. In spite of the rich literature in the field, the problem has not yet been addressed adequately due to the lack of an effective control design. Using a descriptor fuzzy model-based framework, we propose a new approach to design a feedback-feedforward control scheme for robot manipulators in a general form. The goal is to guarantee a small level of an [Formula: see text] gain specification to improve the tracking performance while significantly reducing the numerical complexity for real-time implementation. Based on Lyapunov stability arguments, the control design is formulated as a convex optimization problem involving linear matrix inequalities. Numerical experiments performed with a high-fidelity manipulator benchmark model, embedded in the Simscape MultibodyTM environment, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control solution over existing standard approaches.