bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in the Central Regulation of Fertility
Authors: Cotellessa Ludovica , Giacobini Paolo
Published: April 2024

In recent years, the expanding roles of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in various aspects of reproductive health have attracted significant attention. Initially recognized for its classical role in male sexual differentiation, AMH is produced postnatally by the Sertoli cells in the male testes and by the granulosa cells in the female ovaries. Traditionally, it was believed to primarily influence gonadal development and function. However, research over the last decade has unveiled novel actions of AMH beyond the gonads, specifically all along the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. This review will focus on the emerging roles of AMH within the hypothalamus and discusses its potential implications in reproductive physiology. Additionally, recent preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that elevated levels of AMH may disrupt the hypothalamic network regulating reproduction, which could contribute to the central pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. These findings underscore the intricate interplay between AMH and the neuroendocrine system, offering new avenues for understanding the mechanisms underlying fertility and reproductive disorders.
I’ll Take Gender Differences for $400: Using Jeopardy! to Analyze Attitudes Toward Risk
Authors: Leeds Michael A. , Leeds Eva Marikova
Published: April 2024

Studies have shown that women perform worse than men in winner-take-all competitions and often avoid such settings entirely, which could put women at a significant disadvantage in the labor market. Recent research, however, has challenged this view. One problem with testing for risk averse behavior is the difficulty of finding settings in which people can display it. We find such a setting in the Final Jeopardy segment of the game show Jeopardy! Using data on wagers in Final Jeopardy, we show that women who compete on the show are no more risk averse than men.
Strongly temperature-dependent spin–orbit torque in sputtered WTex
Authors: Ren Zheyu , Liu Ruizi , Cheung Shunkong , Qian Kun , Wu Xuezhao , Xiao Zhihua , Tong Zihan , Liu Jiacheng , Shao Qiming
Published: April 2024

Topological materials have shown promising potential in the spintronics application due to their conspicuous efficiency of charge-to-spin conversion. Our research investigates the temperature-dependent spin–orbit torque (SOT) from sputtered WTex. We reveal a strong temperature dependence of SOT and realize the current-induced SOT switching of WTex with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy structure under a wide range of 12 K to room temperature. Our findings reveal the temperature dependence of sputtered WTex and may pave the way for the spintronics application of semimetals under cryogenic temperature.
Modeling stimulated Brillouin backscatter from outer-cone quads across multiple inertial confinement fusion hohlraum designs
Authors: Kemp A. J. , Belyaev M. , Lemos N. , Chapman T. , Divol L. , Kur E. , Michel P.
Published: April 2024

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is a potential risk for laser damage in the experiments carried out at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), and by altering the energy deposition pattern in hohlraums, it affects the symmetry of indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion implosions. We have surveyed backward SBS on outer-cone quads across NIF integrated hohlraums of various platforms numerically, using three-dimensional (3D) simulations with the backscatter code pF3D [Berger et al. Phys. Plasmas 5, 4337 (1998)] and ray-based gain calculations. Simulated reflected powers and energies, as well as the spectrum of reflected light all compare favorably with measurements. Ray-based calculations of exponential SBS amplification (“gain”), which assume a strongly damped plasma wave and steady-state response, are performed using a novel method that includes the 3D speckled field of the laser that drives SBS. This approach is useful for understanding qualitative differences between hohlraum designs and identifying regions susceptible to SBS within hohlraums. Quantitatively, gains are not found to correlate with SBS reflectivities in 3D, necessitating fully wave-based calculations that naturally include diffraction and various temporal dependencies.
Dust acoustic solitons in a positively charged dust plasma with regularized-κ distributed electrons in the presence of generalized polarization force
Authors: El-Tantawy A. A. , El-Taibany W. F. , El-Labany S. K. , Abdelghany A. M.
Published: April 2024

The propagation features of dust acoustic waves in a three-component plasma system composed of regularized Kappa distributed electrons, Maxwellian ions, and dust grains carrying positive charges are investigated. The reductive perturbation technique is employed to derive the KdV equation. A generalized expression for the polarization force is derived and the effect of the polarization force is taken into consideration as well. The bifurcation analysis is used, and the solitary wave solution was investigated. The critical value of the superthermal spectral index κ is introduced at which the solitonic structure turns up from rarefactive to compressive. It is found that in the range 0<κ<2.23, a rarefactive structure is obtained while the compressive structure appears for κ>2.23. In addition, it is found that by increasing the value of cutoff parameter α, the polarization strength increases too. All the obtained results are helpful to investigate the characteristics of the nonlinear wave propagating in the mesosphere region.
Effects of shear strain on shock response in single crystal iron
Authors: Li B. , Liu M. T. , Luo B. Q. , Fan C. , Cai Y. , Zhao F. , Wang L.
Published: April 2024

With large-scale non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations and in situ x-ray diffraction analysis, we conducted a systematic investigation into the effects of pre-existing shear strain (γxy) on the shock response of single crystal iron. Our findings reveal significant effects of γxy on the deformation of the crystal structure during shock loading, leading to noticeable alterations in the propagation of shock waves. Specifically, during the elastic stage, the presence of γxy results in a reduction of shock strength, consequently diminishing the magnitude of elastic lattice strain (εe). In the plastic stage, γxy stimulates the α–ε phase transformation, and structure deformation undergoes a transition from the sequential activity of dislocation-to-transformation to the synchronous activity of dislocation and transformation. This transition inhibits the propagation of plastic waves and consequently broadens the elastic regime. Additionally, the introduction of γxy activates different slip systems, as it alters the corresponding resolved shear stress. Concurrently, the presence of γxy triggers the activation of different high-pressure phase variants. Our investigation sheds light on the fundamental physics of iron under shock compression and the influence of pre-existing shear strain on its behavior.
Parametric analysis of pollutant discharge concentration in non-Newtonian nanofluid flow across a permeable Riga sheet with thermal radiation
Authors: Xin Xiao , Ganie Abdul Hamid , Alwuthaynani Maher , Bonyah Ebenezer , El-Wahed Khalifa Hamiden Abd , Fathima Dowlath , Bilal Muhammad
Published: April 2024

Proper wastewater disposal is crucial in various manufacturing and ecological systems. This study aims to prevent and regulate pollution in the water supply. It examines how the pollutant discharge concentration affects the flow of non-Newtonian nanofluids (NNNFs) over a porous Riga surface. Two different types of NNNFs, namely, Walter’s B and second-grade fluids, have been examined. The fluid flow is conveyed in the form of a system of partial differential equations (PDEs), which are first reduced to a non-dimensional set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and then to first-order differential equations. The numerical approach parametric continuation method is employed to solve these ODEs. It has been noticed that the energy curve declines with increasing numbers of TiO2-nanoparticles (NPs). The effect of the external pollutant source variation factor enriches the concentration of pollutants in both fluid cases. Furthermore, the viscoelastic parameter K1 plays a notable role in determining the behavior of the fluids. Particularly in NNNFs, the variation of K1 enhances the fluid flow, whereas the rise of second-grade fluid factor decreases the velocity of the fluid. Our findings indicate a substantial impact of the parameters under consideration on the concentration of pollutant discharge. Significantly, it was observed that an increase in the amount of NPs and the thermal radiation parameter led to an improvement in the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid, consequently decreasing the concentration of pollutants in the discharge. The nanofluid has greater efficiency in boosting the energy transfer rate of the base fluid. In the case of the second-grade fluid, the energy propagation rate increases up to 6.25%, whereas, in the case of Walter’s fluid B, it increases up to 7.85%.
Near-field coupling of interlayer excitons in MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayers to surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Wang Xiong , Lin Zemeng , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Yao Wang , Zhang Shuang , Cui Xiaodong
Published: April 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides have emerged as promising quantum functional blocks benefitting from their unique combination of spin, valley, and layer degrees of freedom, particularly for the tremendous flexibility of moiré superlattices formed by van der Waals stacking. These degrees of freedom coupled with the enhanced Coulomb interaction in 2D structures allow excitons to serve as on-chip information carriers. However, excitons are spatially circumscribed due to their low mobility and limited lifetime. One way to overcome these limitations is through the coupling of excitons with surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), which facilitates an interaction between remote quantum states. Here, we showcase the successful coupling of SPPs with interlayer excitons in molybdenum diselenide/tungsten diselenide heterobilayers. Our results indicate that the valley polarization can be efficiently transferred to SPPs, enabling preservation of polarization information even after propagating tens of micrometers.
Unified deep learning network for enhanced accuracy in predicting thermal conductivity of bilayer graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and their heterostructures
Authors: Chen Rongkun , Tian Yu , Cao Jiayi , Ren Weina , Hu Shiqian , Zeng Chunhua
Published: April 2024

In this research, we utilized density functional theory (DFT) computations to perform ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and static calculations on graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and their heterostructures, subjecting them to strains, perturbations, twist angles, and defects. The gathered energy, force, and virial information informed the creation of a training set comprising 1253 structures. Employing the Neural Evolutionary Potential framework integrated into Graphics Processing Units Molecular Dynamics, we fitted a machine learning potential (MLP) that closely mirrored the DFT potential energy surface. Rigorous validation of lattice constants and phonon dispersion relations confirmed the precision and dependability of the MLP, establishing a solid foundation for subsequent thermal transport investigations. A further analysis of the impact of twist angles uncovered a significant reduction in thermal conductivity, particularly notable in heterostructures with a decline exceeding 35%. The reduction in thermal conductivity primarily stems from the twist angle-induced softening of phonon modes and the accompanying increase in phonon scattering rates, which intensifies anharmonic interactions among phonons. Our study underscores the efficacy of the MLP in delineating the thermal transport attributes of two-dimensional materials and their heterostructures, while also elucidating the micro-mechanisms behind the influence of the twist angle on thermal conductivity, offering fresh perspectives for the design of advanced thermal management materials.
Transient mixed thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication under startup and shut down conditions
Authors: Wu Jiqiang , Jiang Shengyuan , Wang Liqin , Chen Kang , Chi Jie , Li Zhen , He Tao
Published: April 2024

The transient mixed lubrication behaviors in thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (TEHL) contacts during startup and stop are investigated. A transient mixed TEHL model for point contacts under time-varying speed conditions is proposed with comprehensive consideration of surface roughness, thermal effect, and transient behavior. The model is validated by the comparison to available published data. Based on the developed model, significant differences have been found compared with transient EHL and steady TEHL models. In addition, the transient mixed TEHL performance during start–stop with different acceleration rates and surface roughness is investigated. It shows that the lubrication behaviors during start–stop have an irreversible process. The roughness can significantly enhance the transient behavior. The roughness effect has a remarkable impact on lubrication performance in mixed lubrication. The evolution of lubrication behaviors during start–stop is highly related to the acceleration rate and surface topography.
A fully integrated flexible wireless sensing system for wound flatness diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Zhang Qisheng , Wang Yongqing , Chen Sicheng , Du Huicong
Published: April 2024

In both plastic surgery and burn treatment departments, the management of postoperative wounds is a crucial element of surgical care, profoundly influencing patient recovery and the broader spectrum of healthcare outcomes. The monitoring of wound flatness after surgery, although a pivotal component of this process, is frequently underemphasized. In most cases, this parameter can only be judged based on doctors’ personal experience. Here, we propose a compact, fully integrated wireless sensing system encapsulated by soft biocompatible materials for quantitative assessment of wound flatness and long-term temperature. The absence of physical tethers and the ion-gel-based construction of the micro-structured sensor represent key defining features, resulting in high measurement resolution of 2 mm radius and 0.096 Ω/°C and reliable capabilities. In addition, these sensors can be connected to the server network or mobile clients to evaluate the state of postoperative suture wounds and monitor the patient’s recovery status. With our devices, detailed data on smoothness and temperature of sutured wounds can be collected, analyzed, and stored for medical assistance as well as being used to improve the quality of surgery.
Unravelling a specialised diet of an Amazonian catfish in a controlled flood-pulse area by combining stomach-content and stable-isotope analyses
Authors: Penha Izabella Cristina da Silva , Seabra Lidia Brasil , Prata Erival Gonçalves , Freitas Tiago Magalhães da Silva , Montag Luciano Fogaça de Assis
Published: April 2024

Context Hydrological dynamics are crucial in fish ecology. Aims To evaluate the effect of the flood pulse on the feeding ecology of Doras higuchii in the reduced-flow section of the Belo Monte dam, Xingu River, Brazil. Methods Collections were conducted between December 2020 and November 2021. The fish were measured and had their stomachs removed. Muscle tissue was also extracted for stable-isotope analysis. Stomach contents were inspected to assess diet, testing the influence of hydrological periods by using GLM. In addition, we evaluated the effect of the flood pulse on the δ13C and isotopic ratios of individuals Results In total, 362 specimens of D. higuchii were analysed, highlighting a diet mainly on the basis of sediment (74.9%) and aquatic insects (24.8%), not varying between periods characterising the species as a specialist for having detritivorous habit, as well as the extension of the trophic niche. There was variation in food intensity, with higher average food consumption in the flood period. The isotopic composition (δ13C and δ15N) also did not differ between periods. Finally, δ15N did not vary by length class. Conclusions This information helps understand the interface between environmental and biological factors in an environment affected by a hydroelectric dam. Implications Our results may help fill gaps in knowledge about the diet of doradid fishes.
Emerging roles for ABC transporters as virulence factors in uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
Authors: Shea Allyson E. , Forsyth Valerie S. , Stocki Jolie A. , Mitchell Taylor J. , Frick-Cheng Arwen E. , Smith Sara N. , Hardy Sicily L. , Mobley Harry L. T.
Published: April 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTI) account for a substantial financial burden globally. Over 75% of UTIs are caused by uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(UPEC), which have demonstrated an extraordinarily rapid growth rate in vivo. This rapid growth rate appears paradoxical given that urine and the human urinary tract are relatively nutrient-restricted. Thus, we lack a fundamental understanding of how uropathogens propel growth in the host to fuel pathogenesis. Here, we used large in silico, in vivo, and in vitro screens to better understand the role of UPEC transport mechanisms and their contributions to uropathogenesis. In silico analysis of annotated transport systems indicated that the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of transporters was most conserved among uropathogenic bacterial species, suggesting their importance. Consistent with in silico predictions, we determined that the ABC family contributed significantly to fitness and virulence in the urinary tract: these were overrepresented as fitness factors in vivo (37.2%), liquid media (52.3%), and organ agar (66.2%). We characterized 12 transport systems that were most frequently defective in screening experiments by generating in-frame deletions. These mutant constructs were tested in urovirulence phenotypic assays and produced differences in motility and growth rate. However, deletion of multiple transport systems was required to achieve substantial fitness defects in the cochallenge murine model. This is likely due to genetic compensation among transport systems, highlighting the centrality of ABC transporters in these organisms. Therefore, these nutrient uptake systems play a concerted, critical role in pathogenesis and are broadly applicable candidate targets for therapeutic intervention.
Animal photojournalism as knowledge translation
Authors: van Vuuren Xany Jansen
Published: April 2024

This chapter explores the ways in which photojournalism (specifically animal activist photography of domesticated
animals1) functions as translation and, in particular, knowledge translation.
Referring broadly to the synthesis, exchange, and application of knowledge produced during research processes, knowledge
translation actively bridges the chasm between the acquisition of knowledge and application of knowledge. By providing visual
information that verbal communication would otherwise not be able to convey, animal activist photography is not only a
translational process of the knowledge of the activist/photographer behind the lens, but also the plight of the animal in
front of the lens. Furthermore, by approaching this study within ecosemiotics, a branch of semiotics that explores the human
relationships to nature this chapter engages with the human/non-human relations that are represented by animal activist
photojournalism.
Sex and the stability of a legal gender system
Authors: Almarri Saqer A.
Published: April 2024

Islamic law’s gender system is based on a conception of humans as sexually dimorphic. The presence of nonbinary
bodies, specifically the khunthā, posed a challenge to the gender system. Law practitioners, like ʿAbd
al-Raḥīm al-Isnawī (d. 722/1322), attempted to redefine sex and intersexuality to stabilise the legal gender system. In an
exploration of al-Isnawī’s writings, I argue that he engages in a form of object translation, following Marais’s typology of
translation. Al-Isnawī incorporated the khunthā into the gender system by unravelling the challenge posed by
their ambiguity onto Islamic law. This redefinition effectively defines them into impossibility by legal technicalities.
Role of genetically modified organisms in food, crop production, their regulations, and controversy
Authors: Tahir Muhammad Sufhan , Gondal Aqarab Husnain , Tariq Hira , Shah Adeel Ijaz , Ali Muhammad Numan , Bajwa Zahid Asghar 
Published: April 2024

Estimates suggest that over one-third of food is lost or wasted along the food supply chain, with significant environmental and economic effects. This is one of the primary problems with today’s food systems, along with decreased agricultural yield and food quality. Many people attribute the decline in output and the deterioration of food quality to a lack of technology and ignorance about modern technologies. As a result, scientists are working hard to find innovative solutions to these problems and create new food production methods to feed the world’s growing population. Increased agricultural yields and quality may be achieved in a variety of settings by employing genetically engineered techniques. Newer techniques and technologies involving genetic modification and recombinant (r) deoxyribonucleic acid could be very helpful in the pursuit of significant improvements in food production and food supply, and biotechnology is a key part of this. Recent progress in genetic engineering, where it came from, the current trend, and its potential future are all discussed in this overview. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are major aspects of the industrial food system, and most packaged foods contain GMOs ingredients that have been bred to be resistant to pesticides and herbicides. There are a number of factors that raise red flags concerning GMOs, including safety, consequences on the environment and present ineffective employment of pesticides have also been considered. Furthermore, GMOs regulation and controversy among different scientists has also been discussed. Many individuals are concerned about GMOs, yet they may not fully grasp the concerns at hand. Therefore, the level of GMO knowledge revealed by this review can be calculated.
Helminth parasites of wolves (Canis lupus): a species list and an analysis of published prevalence studies in Nearctic and Palaearctic populations
Authors: Craig H.L. , Craig P.S.
Published: April 2024

A literature survey was undertaken in order to draw up a definitive list of helminth parasites of the wolf,Canis lupus. From 27 papers a total of 72 helminth species from 40 genera were recorded that infect wolves, of which 93% were identified from the gastrointestinal tract at necropsy. They comprised 28 species of nematode, 27 species of cestode, 16 species of trematode and one acanthocephalan. Of these, 46 species were able to be included in further meta-analysis of prevalence data derived from 25 publications for which the total number of wolves examined was 1282 (1066 from Nearctic populations, and 216 from the Palaearctic region). These two populations were further subdivided into three relevent ecosystems or biomes, i.e. temperate/montane (n=216), boreal (n=805) or tundra (n=261). The meta-analysis of relative prevalence indicated the most common helminth species to be the tapewormTaenia hydatigena, which occurred at relative rates of >30% for either zoogeographic region as well as in each of the three biomes. The related tapeworm,Echinococcus granulosusalso exhibited high meta-prevalence (>19%) in all host biomes. The hookwormUncinaria stenocephalawas the most prevalent nematode species by meta-analysis (meta-prevalence 44.9%) in the temperate/montane biome, while the ascaridToxascaris leoninawas the dominant helminth species (meta-prevalence 73.9%) in the tundra wolf populations. Trematodes in the genusAlariawere the dominant fluke (meta-prevalence 3–5%) in all biomes. Analysis of published studies for helminth biodiversity using the Shannon-Wiener index based on species number and meta-prevalence by region or biome, indicated that highest helminth diversity occurred in wolf populations of the temperate/ montane biome (Palaearctic), and was lowest in tundra wolf populations of the Nearctic (P<0.05). Helminth species assemblage in European wolf populations was therefore at least as great or more varied than was recorded for the larger less disturbed wolf populations of North America.
After Words: There Is No Language without Materiality
Authors: Pennycook Alastair
Published: April 2024

Posthumanist thought brings a set of ethical and political concerns to the (socio)linguistic table to do with human relations to the planet and its other inhabitants. This opens up a space for reconsideration of language and materiality. In some accounts, language is an immaterial medium whose relation to the material world is only symbolic or representational. New materialist accounts of language, by contrast, view it as embodied, embedded and distributed activity (language is assembled and extended by bodies in physical space). This is to suggest that language, both material and symbolic, is deeply entwined with a world both material and symbolic and that any approach to sociolinguistics that seeks to grasp language in the world needs to work with an understanding of the dynamic entanglements between an animated world of matter and a material world of language. This is to focus on the material foundations of communication, the corporeal, physical, or technological conditions of human and nonhuman communicative interaction and on the relationships between material realities and discourse. This is to ask what and where language is and to suggest that without material relations there is no language.
“From the Side, You Should Look like a Japanese Ham Sandwich, No Gap Anywhere”: Exploring Embodied, Linguistic, and Nonlinguistic Signs in Enregisterment Processes of Bikram Yoga in Online and Offline Spaces
Authors: Gonçalves Kellie
Published: April 2024

This article analyzes the semiotic links between embodied, linguistic, and nonlinguistic signs found in a Bikram yoga studio in Oslo, Norway, and on its website, which are informed by other hegemonic sites of yoga circulation on a more global level, which include the Bikram franchise and Lululemon. Drawing on (digital) ethnographic data, I employ the analytical concepts of enregisterment (Agha 2007) and mediatization (Agha 2011), in order to trace these interlocking processes within three institutional sites that disseminate and transmit a (Bikram) yoga register through the analysis of multimodal images both offline and online. The mediated messages of flexible, embodied, and highly commodified practices that attain high cultural and social value are dialectally embedded in physical, material, and technological environments contributing to posthumanist theorization on how we understand language in relation to people, objects, and place with the aim of broadening our understanding of communication to relocate where social semiotics occurs (Pennycook 2018b).
Introduction: Unthinking Language from a Posthumanist Perspective
Authors: Schneider Britta , Heyd Theresa
Published: April 2024

In this special issue, we inspect material and nonhuman phenomena that contribute to interaction and meaning-making—among them sounds, visual signs, animals, images, digital devices, bodies, and movements—in order to stimulate new thinking surrounding the question of what language is from a posthumanist perspective. The contributors are language-oriented scholars who focus on material and technological environments in language. They interrogate how linguistic and nonlinguistic practices interrelate to produce meaning, concepts of the human, and social relations. The theoretical backgrounds of such posthumanist approaches to the sociomaterial practice of interaction are introduced in this article.
Teaching fluorescence of plants & algae in physics class to address climate change
Authors: Chen Yi Jinn Lillian , Lih Jiann-Shing , Chen Tzu-Chun , Hung Jeng-Fung , Kuo Heng-Miao , Ko Jing-Yuan
Published: April 2024

In physics classes and general education classes, teaching the concept of fluorescence can be challenging, and it may seem too theoretical for some students. A short YouTube video titled ‘Seeing Photosynthesis from Space’ displays a global map of photosynthesis, and this is an excellent, attention-getting way to visually introduce fluorescence to students and also to address climate change. Therefore, three hands-on activities were designed using spinach chlorophyll ethanol extract and olive oil to observe the fluorescence emission; in addition, a smartphone spectrophotometer was employed to observe the spectrum of the emission. The class also addressed the issue of global warming because the absorption of CO2 by plants and algae is decreasing, which may cause serious climate change.
Low-temperature preparation and characteristics of top-gate thin-film transistors with La-ZTO active layers and polymethylmethacrylate dielectric layers
Authors: Yue Lan , Meng Fanxin , Min Su
Published: April 2024

A top-gate coplanar-structure thin-film transistor (TFT) combining the advantages of both a co-sputtered amorphous La-doped ZnSnO (a-La-ZTO) active layer and solution-based polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) gate dielectric layer has been prepared under low temperature (100 °C) with low cost for the first time. The results indicate that the PMMA thin film demonstrates anti-reflection properties when it combines with a-La-ZTO layer to form a double-layer film, displaying high transparency to visible light of ∼90.3%. Moreover, it was found that the La target power during the deposition of a-La-ZTO film plays an important role in suppressing the formation of oxygen vacancies and adjusting the carrier concentration of a-La-ZTO active layer, thus impacting a-La-ZTO TFT performance. Overall, the optimum a-La-ZTO TFT with a La target power of 13.9 W, working in an n-channel enhancement mode, possesses a large saturated mobility (>10 cm2 (Vs)−1) and an on/off drain current ratio over 105.
An umbrella-shaped flexible mechanism piezoelectric actuator with driving foot trajectory control
Authors: Pang Xiaoyang , She Mingyun , Xing Siyuan , Zhou Liming , Tian Hailong , Gao Jingwen , Li Jianping , Jiang Bingchun
Published: April 2024

Traditional stick-slip piezoelectric actuators generally have problems such as large backward motion and small load capacity, which affect the driving effect. In this study, the effect of no backward motion and large load capacity is realized by controlling two sawtooth wave-driven piezoelectric stacks on the basis of umbrella-shaped flexible mechanism. The trajectory of the driving foot is simulated by transient simulation and verified by experiment. A prototype of actuator is made, and the effects of voltage, symmetry of sawtooth wave, and the phase difference of the two waves on the driving effect are investigated through experiments, and the optimal driving waveform is found. Experiments have shown that no displacement regression and stable driving is achieved when driving with two sets of sawtooth waves with 100 V, 100% symmetry and 20 V, 70% symmetry. With this drive waveform at 1 Hz, the maximum horizontal and vertical loads are 150 g and 1400 g, respectively. And the maximum driving speed is 13 935 μm s−1 when the driving frequency is 7000 Hz. Experimentally, it is proved that the actuator is able to realize smooth driving and large load capacity without backward motion, and has the same forward and reverse working performance, which has greater research value and market application scenarios.
Design, structure analysis and shock control of aircraft landing gear system with MR damper
Authors: Kang Byung-Hyuk , Choi Seung-Bok
Published: April 2024

This study proposes a new magneto-rheological aircraft main landing gear (MRAMLG) system and comprehensively treats from a mathematical modelling to drop testing for the evaluation of the landing efficiency. A mathematical model is formulated based on specifications and requirements of existing small aircraft Oleo type landing gear system. To ensure structural stability of the landing gear components such as main trust, column and trunnion, a transient structural analysis is carried out using the finite element method (FEM) and a fatigue life is analysed based on empirical formulas and the rainflow-counting (RC) algorithm. Subsequently, a novel controller is formulated to enhance the landing efficiency by integrating the time delay model and 3-stage hysteresis regulator. In the synthesis of the controller, a desired force model based on the energy law is added to accurately track the desired yield stress needed for the desired field-dependent force. In this work, the proposed control algorithm is named as the model-based force-tracking (MBFT) controller. To evaluate the landing efficiency or shock struct efficiency (SSE) of the proposed MRAMLG, an experimental apparatus for drop test is designed and manufactured by considering a dummy (sprung) mass of 640–720 kg at the maximum sink speed of 3 m s−1. The sink speed represents the rate of descent of the MRAMLG’s tire just before it touches the ground. It is demonstrated from simulation and experiment that the SSE with the MBFT controller is higher than 83% across various landing conditions with different sprung mass and sink speed, while the conventional controllers, proportional-integral and skyhook, compared to MBFT, do not show consistent performance depending on the sprung mass and sink speed.
Quasi-periodic oscillations and particle motion around charged black hole surrounded by a cloud of strings and quintessence field in Rastall gravity
Authors: Ashraf Asifa , Ditta Allah , Sofuoğlu Değer , Ma Wen-Xiu , Javed Faisal , Atamurotov Farruh , Mahmood Asif
Published: April 2024

This work mainly focuses on unveiling the particle dynamics features of black holes. For this objective, we utilize the charged black hole geometry consisting of the cloud strings and quintessence under the ansatz of Rastall gravity. We have calculated and analyzed the effective potential, angular momentum, particle energy, horizon radius, inner stable circular orbit, photon sphere radius, quasi-periodic oscillations, and effective force to reveal the dynamical features. We in detail discussed the effects of charge in black hole, Rastall parameter, strings of cloud parameter, and quintessential parameter on the calculated results. To ensure the scenario of accelerated expansion, ω

q
lies in the range −1 < ω

q
< −1/3. From this specific range, we choose ω

q
= −2/3.
Optical and photoluminescence properties of trivalent rare earth ions doped LiMgPO4
Authors: Farooq Mudasir , Rafiq Haqnawaz , Rasool Mir Hashim , Nazir Irfan , Rubab Seemin
Published: April 2024

Trivalent rare-earth-activated luminescent materials have attracted a lot of attention due to their fascinating optical properties and broad range of applications. In this study, polycrystalline Sm and Eu-doped LiMgPO4 luminescent materials were synthesized using a solid-state reaction technique. The crystalline structures, morphological features, and optical characteristics of the synthesized materials were thoroughly investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and UV–vis spectroscopy. The Rietveld refinement analysis confirmed the phase purity of synthesized phosphors. In addition, the strain induced owing to the incorporation of trivalent rare-earth ions and crystallite sizes of each synthesized material was estimated using the Williamsons-Hall (W-H) and modified Debye-Sherrer equations. The estimated results of the microstrain were reported to be 0.0010, 0.0023 and 0.0020. Subsequently, as a consequence of distinct peak profile options, the projected average crystallite size by both approaches was distinct. The UV–vis spectroscopy analysis reveals that Sm and Eu doped materials exhibit absorption bands around 402 nm and 396 nm and depicts the declining band gap values. The Photoluminescence (PL) spectra at 402 nm and 395 nm excitation wavelengths exhibited the distinctive emissions of both Sm3+ (4G5/2 → 6H7/2) and Eu3+ (5D0 → 7F2) ions emanating due to the intra-configurational f - f and 4 f − 4 f transitions. Finally, the CIE diagram explicitly demonstrates that the Sm and Eu-modified materials reveal their exceptional color purity. McCamy’s approach was used to determine various parameters of trivalent rare-earth doped materials. The correlated color temperature (

T

CCT

) and their coordinates

T

CCT

(ζ, β) was found to be 2287 K, 1900 K, 0.281, 0.632, and 0.302, 0.681 respectively. Temperature-dependent emission spectra exhibit excellent color and thermal stability at high temperatures. The obtained results in this study indicate that the synthesized luminescent materials can potentially be used in white light-emitting diode applications.
Prediction of anaerobic digestion performance by quantum convolutional reconstruction gated recurrent neural network*
Authors: Hou Dong , Che Xuanxuan , Li Feifei , Dong Yumin
Published: April 2024

Methane as a renewable energy source has become a hot topic in recent years. Methane is a bioenergy source produced during the anaerobic digestion of organic waste, and the anaerobic digestion process must be monitored and controlled to produce the required amount of methane in a stable manner. Mathematical modeling is used to simulate digester operation to predict the biogas production from anaerobic digestion, to avoid reactor loading or performance degradation, and to ensure efficient operation of the system. In this paper, a Quantum Convolutional Reconstruction Gated Recurrent Neural Network is proposed. The original data features are extracted by convolutional neural network to reduce the dimensionality and retain the information, the parameterized quantum circuit is integrated in the gating recurrent unit, and the quantum reset gate and quantum update gate are constructed. The information extracted by the Convolution Neural networks is input into the quantum gated recurrent neural network, and the quantum storage unit integrates the information into the hidden layer state, thus processing the hidden layer state information more efficiently. The experimental results show that the prediction accuracy of the A Quantum Convolution Reconstructed Gated Recurrent Neural Network is improved from 81.95 to 88.21%, and the MAE value is reduced from 54.53% to 37.38%.
Quantum correlations in a chain-type quantum network
Authors: Qi Xiaofei , Zhai Aihong , Yang Lihua
Published: April 2024

A quantum network concerns several independent entangled resources and can create strong quantum correlations by performing joint measurements on some observers. In this paper, we discuss an n-partite chain network with each of two neighboring observers sharing an arbitrary Bell state and all intermediate observers performing some positive-operator-valued measurements with parameter λ. The expressions of all post-measurement states between any two observers are obtained, and their quantifications of Bell nonlocality, Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering and entanglement with different ranges of λ are respectively detected and analyzed.
Effects of triaxial deformation on the fission barrier in the Z = 118 − 120 nuclei*
Authors: Chai 柴 Qing-Zhen 清祯 , Wang 王 Jia-Li 佳利 , Liu 刘 Xing-Han 星汉
Published: April 2024

By using potential energy surface (PES) calculations in the three-dimensional space (β
2, γ, β
4) within the framework of the macroscopic-microscopic model, the fission trajectory and fission barrier for Z = 118(Og), 119, 120 nuclei has been systematically investigated. The calculated PES includes macroscopic liquid-drop energy, microscopic shell correction and pairing correction. Taking the 294Og176 nucleus as an example, we discuss the next closed shell after Z = 82 and N = 126 with the calculated Woods–Saxon single-particle levels. Then, the results of PES in 294Og is illustrated from the (X, Y) scale to the (β
2, γ) scale. The γ degree of freedom reveals the shape evolution clearly during the fission process. The structure near the minimum and saddle point of the PES in the Z = 118, 119, 120 nuclei is demonstrated simultaneously. Based on the potential energy curves, general trends of the evolution of the fission barrier heights and widths are also studied. The triaxial deformation in these superheavy mass regions plays a vital role in the first fission barrier, showing a significant reduction in both triaxial paths. In addition, the model-dependent fission barriers of proton-rich nuclei 295Og, 296119, and 297120 are analyzed briefly. Our studies could be valuable for synthesizing the superheavy new elements in the forthcoming HIAF and other facilities.
Multi-functional metasurface: ultra-wideband/multi-band absorption switching by adjusting guided-mode resonance and local surface plasmon resonance effects
Authors: Li Wenxin , Cheng Shubo , Zhang Huafeng , Yi Zao , Tang Bin , Ma Can , Wu Pinghui , Zeng Qingdong , Raza Rizwan
Published: April 2024

This study introduces an innovative dual-tunable absorption film with the capability to switch between ultra-wideband and narrowband absorption. By manipulating the temperature, the film can achieve multi-band absorption within the 30–45 THz range or ultra-wideband absorption spanning 30–130 THz, with an absorption rate exceeding 0.9. Furthermore, the structural parameters of the absorption film are optimized using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to ensure the optimal absorption response. The absorption response of the film is primarily attributed to the coupling of guided-mode resonance and local surface plasmon resonance effects. The film’s symmetric structure enables polarization incoherence and allows for tuning through various means such as doping/voltage, temperature and structural parameters. In the case of a multi-band absorption response, the film exhibits good sensitivity to refractive index changes in multiple absorption modes. Additionally, the absorption spectrum of the film remains effective even at large incidence angles, making it highly promising for applications in fields such as biosensing and infrared stealth.
Development of 400-μW cryogen-free dilution refrigerators for quantum experiments
Authors: Guan 关 Xiang 翔 , Fan 樊 Jie 洁 , Bian 边 Yong-Bo 勇波 , Cheng 程 Zhi-Gang 智刚 , Ji 姬 Zhong-Qing 忠庆
Published: April 2024

We have successfully developed cryogen-free dilution refrigerators with medium cooling power that can be applied to quantum experiments. Breakthroughs have been made in some key technologies and components of heat switches and dilution units. Our prototype has been running continuously and stably for more than 100 hours below 10 mK, with a minimum temperature of 7.6 mK and a cooling power of 450 μW at 100 mK. At the same time, we have also made progress in the application of dilution refrigerators, such as quantum computing, low-temperature detector, and magnet integration. These indicators and test results indicate good prospects for application in physics, astronomy, and quantum information.
Performance enhancement of a viscoelastic bistable energy harvester using time-delayed feedback control
Authors: Huang 黄 Mei-Ling 美玲 , Yang 杨 Yong-Ge 勇歌 , Liu 刘 Yang 洋
Published: April 2024

This paper focuses on the stochastic analysis of a viscoelastic bistable energy harvesting system under colored noise and harmonic excitation, and adopts the time-delayed feedback control to improve its harvesting efficiency. Firstly, to obtain the dimensionless governing equation of the system, the original bistable system is approximated as a system without viscoelastic term by using the stochastic averaging method of energy envelope, and then is further decoupled to derive an equivalent system. The credibility of the proposed method is validated by contrasting the consistency between the numerical and the analytical results of the equivalent system under different noise conditions. The influence of system parameters on average output power is analyzed, and the control effect of the time-delayed feedback control on system performance is compared. The output performance of the system is improved with the occurrence of stochastic resonance (SR). Therefore, the signal-to-noise ratio expression for measuring SR is derived, and the dependence of its SR behavior on different parameters is explored.
A wealth distribution model with a non-Maxwellian collision kernel
Authors: Meng 孟 Jun 俊 , Zhou 周 Xia 霞 , Lai 赖 Shaoyong 绍永
Published: April 2024

A non-Maxwellian collision kernel is employed to study the evolution of wealth distribution in a multi-agent society. The collision kernel divides agents into two different groups under certain conditions. Applying the kinetic theory of rarefied gases, we construct a two-group kinetic model for the evolution of wealth distribution. Under the continuous trading limit, the Fokker–Planck equation is derived and its steady-state solution is obtained. For the non-Maxwellian collision kernel, we find a suitable redistribution operator to match the taxation. Our results illustrate that taxation and redistribution have the property to change the Pareto index.
Proposal for a realtime Einstein-synchronization-defined satellite virtual clock
Authors: Yan 严 Chenhao 晨皓 , Tang 汤 Xueyi 雪逸 , Wang 王 Shiguang 时光 , Meng 孟 Lijiaoyue 李皎悦 , Sun 孙 Haiyuan 海媛 , He 何 Yibin 奕彬 , Wang 王 Lijun 力军
Published: April 2024

Realization of high performance satellite onboard clock is vital for various positioning, navigation, and timing applications. For further improvement of the synchronization-based satellite time and frequency references, we propose a geosynchronous (GEO) satellite virtual clock concept based on ground–satellite synchronization and present a beacon transponder structure for its implementation (scheduled for launch in 2025), which does not require atomic clocks to be mounted on the satellite. Its high performance relies only on minor modifications to the existing transponder structure of GEO satellites. We carefully model the carrier phase link and analyze the factors causing link asymmetry within the special relativity. Considering that performance of such synchronization-based satellite clocks is primarily limited by the link’s random phase noise, which cannot be adequately modeled, we design a closed-loop experiment based on commercial GEO satellites for pre-evaluation. This experiment aims at extracting the zero-means random part of the ground-satellite Ku-band carrier phase via a feedback loop. Ultimately, we obtain a 1σ value of 0.633 ps (two-way link), following the Gaussian distribution. From this result, we conclude that the proposed real-time Einstein-synchronization-defined satellite virtual clock can achieve picosecond-level replication of onboard time and frequency.