bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiencing Effects of Cocaine and Speed with Self-Regulation Therapy
Authors: Amigó Salvador , Ferrández Claudia
Published: July 2015

This study demonstrates the efficacy of Self-Regulation Therapy (SRT) to induce effects of cocaine and speed in a single session. SRT is a suggestion procedure of sensorial recall exercises (salivation, feeling of weight, tension, etc.) that increases the capacity to reproduce all sensation types and those that drugs produce. The Self-Regulation Scale (SRS) measures this capacity. Four groups participated, formed according to drug use: Group 1 (uses no illegal drugs); Group 2 (experimentally uses cannabis only); Group 3 (moderate drug users); Group 4 (regular drug users, especially stimulants). All four groups participated in an SRT session to induce relaxation. No differences in the SRS were found. Group 4 also participated in a session that reproduced effects of drugs with SRT, when Euphoria and the Effects of drugs score (high and rush) substantially increased in relation to the base-line (MD = –5.83; p < .001; and MD = -3; p < .001, respectively) and in relation to the relaxation session (MD = –4.06; p < .001; and MD = -1.96; p < .05, respectively). A profile predicting SRT efficacy was also obtained to induce the effects of cocaine and speed: low Conscientiousness and high Openness and SRS scores. Finally, the potential use of this procedure to treat addictions, and strategy development towards more controlled, responsible drug use, are discussed.
Spanish and Chilean Standardizations of the Personality Assessment Inventory: the Influence of Sex
Authors: Ortiz-Tallo Margarita , Cardenal Violeta , Ferragut Marta , Santamaría Pablo
Published: July 2015

There is growing interest in the adaptation of psychological questionnaires in different countries, due to the need for cross-cultural research using the same tests adapted to diverse populations. This paper presents the standardization of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991, 2007) in Spain and Chile (both Spanish-speaking countries). The Spanish sample was made up of 940 people (461 men and 479 women), and the Chilean sample of 569 people (231 men and 338 women). Results revealed that the Chilean means were higher than those of the Spanish sample at confidence level 99.9%, although the associated effect sizes were generally small to moderate (partial eta-square between 0.008 and 0.187). Sex differences in the variables evaluated were commented on, and the importance of cross-cultural research and the influence of sex on personality and psychopathology variables were discussed.
CLAH Lecture: Have We Loved the Book to Death?
Authors: Johnson Lyman L.
Published: July 2015

Let me begin by thanking you for this honor. Like most of you I belong to many
professional organizations and all of them have provided me with the opportunity
to grow intellectually as well as forge the enduring professional associations
that have so enriched my life. From the beginning of my career, however, CLAH
has always served as my professional home. It is because I consider myself
fortunate to be one of you that this award means so much to me. I am grateful
indeed.
Revolutionary Feminism, Revolutionary Politics: Suffrage under Cardenismo
Authors: Mitchell Stephanie
Published: July 2015

On February 25, 1937, Mexico's ruling political party, then called the Partido Nacional Revolucionario (PNR), announced that for the first time it would permit “organized” women to vote in internal party elections. “Organized” was code for members of labor unions, agrarian leagues, or other groups supportive of the government. The decision reveals that the PNR, under the leadership of revolutionary general and president Lázaro Cárdenas, had found itself in a situation similar to that of other progressive parties throughout the hemisphere. Although many PNR leaders, including the president, had come to support women's suffrage in principle, their shared conviction regarding the essential conservatism of most Mexican women put them in a tight spot. If universally enfranchised, women might thank the party by voting them right out of office, or force them to employ unmanageable levels of electoral fraud to prevent such an outcome. The 1937 ruling conveniently allowed them to be for and against women's suffrage at the same time. Suffragists, however, were not satisfied.
Using Sound Waves to Study Grand Canyon Sediment
Authors: Betz Eric
Published: July 2015

New technology could help scientists understand how experimental floods from Glen Canyon Dam restore sandbars downstream.
Member Comment Period for AGU Bylaws Amendments Now Open
Authors: Enderlein Cheryl
Published: July 2015

Amendments remove a voting restriction on members of more than three sections and focus groups as well as transfer service as vice chair of AGU's development board to the past past president.
Pyridoxamine is a substrate of the energy-coupling factor transporter HmpT
Authors: Wang Tingliang , de Jesus Armando Jerome , Shi Yigong , Yin Hang
Published: July 2015

Energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporters belong to a novel family of proteins that forms a subset within the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family. These proteins are responsible for the uptake of micronutrients in bacteria. ECF transporters are composed of four proteins: the A- and A′-components, the T-component and the S-component. One of the ECF transporters, named HmpT, was crystallized in theapoform with all four components. It is currently unknown whether HmpT serves as a transporter for hydroxymethyl pyrimidine or the different forms of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal or pyridoxamine). Using a combination of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and mass spectrometry, we have identified pyridoxamine to be the preferred substrate of HmpT. Mass spectra show that the mass of the substrate from the HmpT–substrate complex matches that of pyridoxamine. MD simulations likewise indicate that pyridoxamine interacts most strongly with most of the conserved residues of the S-component (Glu 41, His 84 and Gln 43) compared with the other vitamin B6 forms. Furthermore, the simulations have implied that loops 1 and 5 of the S-component can participate in the gating action for HmpT.
Structures of the APC–ARM domain in complexes with discrete Amer1/WTX fragments reveal that it uses a consensus mode to recognize its binding partners
Authors: Zhang Zhenyi , Akyildiz Senem , Xiao Yafei , Gai Zhongchao , An Ying , Behrens Jürgen , Wu Geng
Published: July 2015

The tumor suppressor APC employs its conserved armadillo repeat (ARM) domain to recognize many of its binding partners, including Amer1/WTX, which is mutated in Wilms' tumor and bone overgrowth syndrome. The APC–Amer1 complex has important roles in regulating Wnt signaling and cell adhesion. Three sites A1, A2, and A3 of Amer1 have been reported to mediate its interaction with APC-ARM. In this study, crystal structures of APC–ARM in complexes with Amer1-A1, -A2, and -A4, which is newly identified in this work, were determined. Combined with our GST pull-down, yeast two-hybrid, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) assay results using mutants of APC and Amer1 interface residues, our structures demonstrate that Amer1-A1, -A2, and -A4, as well as other APC-binding proteins such as Asef and Sam68, all employ a common recognition pattern to associate with APC–ARM. In contrast, Amer1-A3 binds to the C-terminal side of APC–ARM through a bipartite interaction mode. Composite mutations on either APC or Amer1 disrupting all four interfaces abrogated their association in cultured cells and impaired the membrane recruitment of APC by Amer1. Our study thus comprehensively elucidated the recognition mechanism between APC and Amer1, and revealed a consensus recognition sequence employed by various APC–ARM binding partners.
Self-organizing human cardiac microchambers mediated by geometric confinement
Authors: Ma Zhen , Wang Jason , Loskill Peter , Huebsch Nathaniel , Koo Sangmo , Svedlund Felicia L. , Marks Natalie C. , Hua Ethan W. , Grigoropoulos Costas P. , Conklin Bruce R. , Healy Kevin E.
Published: July 2015

Tissue morphogenesis and organ formation are the consequences of biochemical and biophysical cues that lead to cellular spatial patterning in development. To model such events in vitro, we use PEG-patterned substrates to geometrically confine human pluripotent stem cell colonies and spatially present mechanical stress. Modulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway promotes spatial patterning via geometric confinement of the cell condensation process during epithelial–mesenchymal transition, forcing cells at the perimeter to express an OCT4+ annulus, which is coincident with a region of higher cell density and E-cadherin expression. The biochemical and biophysical cues synergistically induce self-organizing lineage specification and creation of a beating human cardiac microchamber confined by the pattern geometry. These highly defined human cardiac microchambers can be used to study aspects of embryonic spatial patterning, early cardiac development and drug-induced developmental toxicity.
A highly selective biosynthetic pathway to non-natural C50 carotenoids assembled from moderately selective enzymes
Authors: Furubayashi Maiko , Ikezumi Mayu , Takaichi Shinichi , Maoka Takashi , Hemmi Hisashi , Ogawa Takuya , Saito Kyoichi , Tobias Alexander V , Umeno Daisuke
Published: July 2015

Synthetic biology aspires to construct natural and non-natural pathways to useful compounds. However, pathways that rely on multiple promiscuous enzymes may branch, which might preclude selective production of the target compound. Here, we describe the assembly of a six-enzyme pathway in Escherichia coli for the synthesis of C50-astaxanthin, a non-natural purple carotenoid. We show that by judicious matching of engineered size-selectivity variants of the first two enzymes in the pathway, farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDS) and carotenoid synthase (CrtM), branching and the production of non-target compounds can be suppressed, enriching the proportion of C50 backbones produced. We then further extend the C50 pathway using evolved or wild-type downstream enzymes. Despite not containing any substrate- or product-specific enzymes, the resulting pathway detectably produces only C50 carotenoids, including ∼90% C50-astaxanthin. Using this approach, highly selective pathways can be engineered without developing absolutely specific enzymes.
Observations of discrete harmonics emerging from equatorial noise
Authors: Balikhin Michael A. , Shprits Yuri Y. , Walker Simon N. , Chen Lunjin , Cornilleau-Wehrlin Nicole , Dandouras Iannis , Santolik Ondrej , Carr Christopher , Yearby Keith H. , Weiss Benjamin
Published: July 2015

A number of modes of oscillations of particles and fields can exist in space plasmas. Since the early 1970s, space missions have observed noise-like plasma waves near the geomagnetic equator known as ‘equatorial noise’. Several theories were suggested, but clear observational evidence supported by realistic modelling has not been provided. Here we report on observations by the Cluster mission that clearly show the highly structured and periodic pattern of these waves. Very narrow-banded emissions at frequencies corresponding to exact multiples of the proton gyrofrequency (frequency of gyration around the field line) from the 17th up to the 30th harmonic are observed, indicating that these waves are generated by the proton distributions. Simultaneously with these coherent periodic structures in waves, the Cluster spacecraft observes ‘ring’ distributions of protons in velocity space that provide the free energy for the waves. Calculated wave growth based on ion distributions shows a very similar pattern to the observations.
Anhedonia in the psychosis risk syndrome: associations with social impairment and basal orbitofrontal cortical activity
Authors: Cressman Victoria L , Schobel Scott A , Steinfeld Sara , Ben-David Shelly , Thompson Judy L , Small Scott A , Moore Holly , Corcoran Cheryl M
Published: July 2015

Background/Objectives:

Anhedonia is associated with poor social function in schizophrenia. Here, we examined this association in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, taking into account social anxiety. We then explored correlations between anhedonia and basal metabolic activity in selected forebrain regions implicated in reward processing.

Methods:

In 62 CHR individuals and 37 healthy controls, we measured social adjustment (Social Adjustment Self-Report Scale), social and physical anhedonia (Chapman Revised Anhedonia Scales), and social anxiety (Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents) in cross-section. In a subgroup of 25 CHR individuals for whom high-spatial-resolution basal-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were available, we also assessed correlations of these socio-affective constructs with basal cerebral blood volume in orbitofrontal cortex and related regions involved in reward processing.

Results:

Relative to controls, CHR individuals reported social impairment, greater social and physical anhedonia, and more social anxiety, exhibiting impairments comparable to schizophrenia. Regression analyses showed that anhedonia predicted social impairment and correlated negatively with basal cerebral blood volume within the orbitofrontal cortex (all P’s<0.05).

Conclusions:

Anhedonia and social anxiety are prominent in CHR individuals. Trait-like anhedonia may be a core phenotype related to orbitofrontal cortical function that, independent of symptoms, predicts social impairment. These data provide a rationale for interventions that target anhedonia and related activity in orbitofrontal cortical circuits in CHR individuals.
Mitochondrial oxidative stress promotes atrial fibrillation
Authors: Xie Wenjun , Santulli Gaetano , Reiken Steven R. , Yuan Qi , Osborne Brent W. , Chen Bi-Xing , Marks Andrew R.
Published: July 2015

Oxidative stress has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). Indeed, the prevalence of AF increases with age as does oxidative stress. However, the mechanisms linking redox state to AF are not well understood. In this study we identify a link between oxidative stress and aberrant intracellular Ca2+ release via the type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) that promotes AF. We show that RyR2 are oxidized in the atria of patients with chronic AF compared with individuals in sinus rhythm. To dissect the molecular mechanism linking RyR2 oxidation to AF we used two murine models harboring RyR2 mutations that cause intracellular Ca2+ leak. Mice with intracellular Ca2+ leak exhibited increased atrial RyR2 oxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and AF susceptibility. Both genetic inhibition of mitochondrial ROS production and pharmacological treatment of RyR2 leakage prevented AF. Collectively, our results indicate that alterations of RyR2 and mitochondrial ROS generation form a vicious cycle in the development of AF. Targeting this previously unrecognized mechanism could be useful in developing effective interventions to prevent and treat AF.
Two-Aperture Microfluidic Probes as Flow Dipoles: Theory and Applications
Authors: Safavieh Mohammadali , Qasaimeh Mohammad A. , Vakil Ali , Juncker David , Gervais Thomas
Published: July 2015

A microfluidic probe (MFP) is a mobile channel-less microfluidic system under which a fluid is injected from an aperture into an open space, hydrodynamically confined by a surrounding fluid and entirely re-aspirated into a second aperture. Various MFPs have been developed and have been used for applications ranging from surface patterning of photoresists to local perfusion of organotypic tissue slices. However, the hydrodynamic and mass transfer properties of the flow under the MFP have not been analyzed and the flow parameters are adjusted empirically. Here, we present an analytical model describing the key transport properties in MFP operation, including the dimensions of the hydrodynamic flow confinement (HFC) area, diffusion broadening and shear stress as a function of: (i) probe geometry (ii) aspiration-to-injection flow rate ratio (iii) gap between MFP and substrate and (iv) reagent diffusivity. Analytical results and scaling laws were validated against numerical simulations and experimental results from published data. These results will be useful to guide future MFP design and operation, notably to control the MFP “brush stroke” while preserving shear-sensitive cells and tissues.
Characterizing unextendible product bases in qutrit-ququad system
Authors: Yang Ying-Hui , Gao Fei , Xu Guang-Bao , Zuo Hui-Juan , Zhang Zhi-Chao , Wen Qiao-Yan
Published: July 2015

Unextendible product bases (UPBs) play an important role in quantum information theory. However, very little is known about UPBs in Hilbert space of local dimension more than three. In this paper, we study the UPBs in qutrit-ququad system and find that there only exist six, seven and eight-state UPBs. We completely characterize the six-state and seven-state UPBs. For eight-state UPBs, seven classes of UPBs are found. As auxiliary results, we study the distinguishability of qutrit-ququad UPBs by separable measurements and find that there exists a UPB that cannot be distinguished.
EEG neural oscillatory dynamics reveal semantic and response conflict at difference levels of conflict awareness
Authors: Jiang Jun , Zhang Qinglin , Van Gaal Simon
Published: July 2015

Although previous work has shown that conflict can be detected in the absence of awareness, it is unknown how different sources of conflict (i.e., semantic, response) are processed in the human brain and whether these processes are differently modulated by conflict awareness. To explore this issue, we extracted oscillatory power dynamics from electroencephalographic (EEG) data recorded while human participants performed a modified version of the Stroop task. Crucially, in this task conflict awareness was manipulated by masking a conflict-inducing color word preceding a color patch target. We isolated semantic from response conflict by introducing four color words/patches, of which two were matched to the same response. We observed that both semantic as well as response conflict were associated with mid-frontal theta-band and parietal alpha-band power modulations, irrespective of the level of conflict awareness (high vs. low), although awareness of conflict increased these conflict-related power dynamics. These results show that both semantic and response conflict can be processed in the human brain and suggest that the neural oscillatory mechanisms in EEG reflect mainly “domain general” conflict processing mechanisms, instead of conflict source specific effects.
Realistic wave-optics simulation of X-ray phase-contrast imaging at a human scale
Authors: Sung Yongjin , Segars W. Paul , Pan Adam , Ando Masami , Sheppard Colin J. R. , Gupta Rajiv
Published: July 2015

X-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI) can dramatically improve soft tissue contrast in X-ray medical imaging. Despite worldwide efforts to develop novel XPCI systems, a numerical framework to rigorously predict the performance of a clinical XPCI system at a human scale is not yet available. We have developed such a tool by combining a numerical anthropomorphic phantom defined with non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) and a wave optics-based simulator that can accurately capture the phase-contrast signal from a human-scaled numerical phantom. Using a synchrotron-based, high-performance XPCI system, we provide qualitative comparison between simulated and experimental images. Our tool can be used to simulate the performance of XPCI on various disease entities and compare proposed XPCI systems in an unbiased manner.
Micro-concave waveguide antenna for high photon extraction from nitrogen vacancy centers in nanodiamond
Authors: Rajasekharan Ranjith , Kewes Günter , Djalalian-Assl Amir , Ganesan Kumaravelu , Tomljenovic-Hanic Snjezana , McCallum Jeffrey C. , Roberts Ann , Benson Oliver , Prawer Steven
Published: July 2015

The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy colour center (NV− center) in nanodiamond is an excellent single photon source due to its stable photon generation in ambient conditions, optically addressable nuclear spin state, high quantum yield and its availability in nanometer sized crystals. In order to make practical devices using nanodiamond, highly efficient and directional emission of single photons in well-defined modes, either collimated into free space or waveguides are essential. This is a Herculean task as the photoluminescence of the NV centers is associated with two orthogonal dipoles arranged in a plane perpendicular to the NV defect symmetry axis. Here, we report on a micro-concave waveguide antenna design, which can effectively direct single photons from any emitter into either free space or into waveguides in a narrow cone angle with more than 80% collection efficiency irrespective of the dipole orientation. The device also enhances the spontaneous emission rate which further increases the number of photons available for collection. The waveguide antenna has potential applications in quantum cryptography, quantum computation, spectroscopy and metrology.
Automated astatination of biomolecules – a stepping stone towards multicenter clinical trials
Authors: Aneheim Emma , Albertsson Per , Bäck Tom , Jensen Holger , Palm Stig , Lindegren Sture
Published: July 2015

To facilitate multicentre clinical studies on targeted alpha therapy, it is necessary to develop an automated, on-site procedure for conjugating rare, short-lived, alpha-emitting radionuclides to biomolecules. Astatine-211 is one of the few alpha-emitting nuclides with appropriate chemical and physical properties for use in targeted therapies for cancer. Due to the very short range of the emitted α-particles, this therapy is particularly suited to treating occult, disseminated cancers. Astatine is not intrinsically tumour-specific; therefore, it requires an appropriate tumour-specific targeting vector, which can guide the radiation to the cancer cells. Consequently, an appropriate method is required for coupling the nuclide to the vector. To increase the availability of astatine-211 radiopharmaceuticals for targeted alpha therapy, their production should be automated. Here, we present a method that combines dry distillation of astatine-211 and a synthesis module for producing radiopharmaceuticals into a process platform. This platform will standardize production of astatinated radiopharmaceuticals and hence, it will facilitate large clinical studies focused on this promising, but chemically challenging, alpha-emitting radionuclide. In this work, we describe the process platform and we demonstrate the production of both astaine-211, for preclinical use and astatine-211 labelled antibodies.
Ortho-methylated 3-hydroxypyridines hinder hen egg-white lysozyme fibrillogenesis
Authors: Mariño Laura , Pauwels Kris , Casasnovas Rodrigo , Sanchis Pilar , Vilanova Bartolomé , Muñoz Francisco , Donoso Josefa , Adrover Miquel
Published: July 2015

Protein aggregation with the concomitant formation of amyloid fibrils is related to several neurodegenerative diseases, but also to non-neuropathic amyloidogenic diseases and non-neurophatic systemic amyloidosis. Lysozyme is the protein involved in the latter and it is widely used as a model system to study the mechanisms underlying fibril formation and its inhibition. Several phenolic compounds have been reported as inhibitors of fibril formation. However, the anti-aggregating capacity of other heteroaromatic compounds has not been studied in any depth. We have screened the capacity of eleven different hydroxypyridines to affect the acid-induced fibrillization of hen lysozyme. Although most of the tested hydroxypyridines alter the fibrillation kinetics of HEWL, only 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine, 3-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine and 3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylpyridine completely abolish fibril formation. Different biophysical techniques and several theoretical approaches are combined to elucidate their mechanism of action. O-methylated 3-hydroxypyridines bind non-cooperatively to two distinct but amyloidogenic regions of monomeric lysozyme. This stabilises the protein structure, as evidenced by enhanced thermal stability and results in the inhibition of the conformational transition that precedes fibril assembly. Our results point to o-methylated 3-hydroxypyridines as a promising molecular scaffold for the future development of novel fibrillization inhibitors.
Tuning the functionalities of a mesocrystal via structural coupling
Authors: Liu Heng-Jui , Liu Yun-Ya , Tsai Chih-Ya , Liao Sheng-Chieh , Chen Ying-Jiun , Lin Hong-Ji , Lai Chih-Huang , Hsieh Wen-Feng , Li Jiang-Yu , Chen Chien-Te , He Qing , Chu Ying-Hao
Published: July 2015

In the past decades, mesocrystal, a kind of nanocrystals with specific crystallographic orientation, has drawn a lot of attention due to its intriguing functionalities. While the research community keeps searching for new mesocrystal systems, it is equally crucial to develop new approaches to tune the properties of mesocrystals. In this work, a self-organized two-dimensional mesocrystal composed of highly oriented CoFe2O4 (CFO) nano-crystals with assistance of different perovskite matrices is studied as a model system. We have demonstrated that the strain state and corresponding magnetic properties of the CFO mesocrystal can be modulated by changing the surrounding perovskite matrix through their intimate structural coupling. Interestingly, this controllability is more strongly correlated to the competition of bonding strength between the matrices and the CFO mesocrystals rather than the lattice mismatch. When embedded in a matrix with a higher melting point or stiffness, the CFO mesocrystal experiences higher out-of-plane compressive strain and shows a stronger magnetic anisotropy as well as cation site-exchange. Our study suggests a new pathway to tailor the functionalities of mesocrystals.
Normal fault earthquakes or graviquakes
Authors: Doglioni C. , Carminati E. , Petricca P. , Riguzzi F.
Published: July 2015

Earthquakes are dissipation of energy throughout elastic waves. Canonically is the elastic energy accumulated during the interseismic period. However, in crustal extensional settings, gravity is the main energy source for hangingwall fault collapsing. Gravitational potential is about 100 times larger than the observed magnitude, far more than enough to explain the earthquake. Therefore, normal faults have a different mechanism of energy accumulation and dissipation (graviquakes) with respect to other tectonic settings (strike-slip and contractional), where elastic energy allows motion even against gravity. The bigger the involved volume, the larger is their magnitude. The steeper the normal fault, the larger is the vertical displacement and the larger is the seismic energy released. Normal faults activate preferentially at about 60° but they can be shallower in low friction rocks. In low static friction rocks, the fault may partly creep dissipating gravitational energy without releasing great amount of seismic energy. The maximum volume involved by graviquakes is smaller than the other tectonic settings, being the activated fault at most about three times the hypocentre depth, explaining their higher b-value and the lower magnitude of the largest recorded events. Having different phenomenology, graviquakes show peculiar precursors.
Fasting activates macroautophagy in neurons of Alzheimer’s disease mouse model but is insufficient to degrade amyloid-beta
Authors: Chen Xigui , Kondo Kanoh , Motoki Kazumi , Homma Hidenori , Okazawa Hitoshi
Published: July 2015

We developed a new technique to observe macroautophagy in the brain in vivo and examined whether fasting induced macroautophagy in neurons and how the induction was different between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model and control mice. Lentivirus for EGFP-LC3 injected into the brain successfully visualized autophagosome in living neurons by two-photon microscopy. The time-lapse imaging revealed that fasting increased the number, size and signal intensity of autophagosome in neurons. In AD model mice, these parameters of autophagosome were higher at the basal levels before starvation and increased more rapidly by fasting than in control mice. However, metabolism of exogenous labeled Aβ evaluated by the new technique suggested that the activated macroautophagy was insufficient to degrade the intracellular Aβ increased by enhanced uptake from extracellular space after fasting. Ordinary immunohistochemistry also revealed that fasting increased intracellular accumulation of endogenous Aβ, triggered cell dysfunction but did not mostly decrease extracellular Aβ accumulation. Moreover, we unexpectedly discovered a circadian rhythm of basal level of macroautophagy. These results revealed new aspects of neuronal autophagy in normal/AD states and indicated usefulness of our method for evaluating autophagy functions in vivo.
Graph Curvature for Differentiating Cancer Networks
Authors: Sandhu Romeil , Georgiou Tryphon , Reznik Ed , Zhu Liangjia , Kolesov Ivan , Senbabaoglu Yasin , Tannenbaum Allen
Published: July 2015

Cellular interactions can be modeled as complex dynamical systems represented by weighted graphs. The functionality of such networks, including measures of robustness, reliability, performance and efficiency, are intrinsically tied to the topology and geometry of the underlying graph. Utilizing recently proposed geometric notions of curvature on weighted graphs, we investigate the features of gene co-expression networks derived from large-scale genomic studies of cancer. We find that the curvature of these networks reliably distinguishes between cancer and normal samples, with cancer networks exhibiting higher curvature than their normal counterparts. We establish a quantitative relationship between our findings and prior investigations of network entropy. Furthermore, we demonstrate how our approach yields additional, non-trivial pair-wise (i.e. gene-gene) interactions which may be disrupted in cancer samples. The mathematical formulation of our approach yields an exact solution to calculating pair-wise changes in curvature which was computationally infeasible using prior methods. As such, our findings lay the foundation for an analytical approach to studying complex biological networks.
On-chip dilution in nanoliter droplets
Authors: Thakur Raviraj , Amin Ahmed M. , Wereley Steve
Published: July 2015

A microfluidic design for generating concentration gradients in nanoliter droplets using on-chip peristaltic pumps.
An instrument-free, screen-printed paper microfluidic device that enables bio and chemical sensing
Authors: Mohammadi Saeed , Maeki Masatoshi , Mohamadi Reza M. , Ishida Akihiko , Tani Hirofumi , Tokeshi Manabu
Published: July 2015

This paper describes a simple and instrument-free screen-printing method to fabricate hydrophilic channels by patterning polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) onto chromatography paper.
Ratiometric fluorescence detection of silver ions using thioflavin T-based organic/inorganic hybrid supraparticles
Authors: Li Yan-Yun , Zhang Min , Lu Ling-Fei , Zhu Anwei , Xia Fei , Zhou Tianshu , Shi Guoyue
Published: July 2015

A novel ratiometric fluorescent probe for detecting silver ions was developed using thioflavin T-based functional organic/inorganic hybrid supraparticles.
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence with circularly polarized luminescence characteristics
Authors: Imagawa Takuro , Hirata Shuzo , Totani Kenro , Watanabe Toshiyuki , Vacha Martin
Published: July 2015

A metal-free aromatic compound exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence as well as circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with dissymmetry factors of 10−3 is reported. This compound shows a sign inversion between its circular dichroism signal and CPL, which is caused by a large conformational change upon photoexcitation.
A dual-emissive ionic liquid based on an anionic platinum(ii) complex
Authors: Ogawa Tomohiro , Yoshida Masaki , Ohara Hiroki , Kobayashi Atsushi , Kato Masako
Published: July 2015

A dual-emissive ionic liquid of a cyclometalated platinum(ii) complex has been reported for the first time.
A ring to rule them all: a cyclic ketene acetal comonomer controls the nitroxide-mediated polymerization of methacrylates and confers tunable degradability
Authors: Delplace Vianney , Guégain Elise , Harrisson Simon , Gigmes Didier , Guillaneuf Yohann , Nicolas Julien
Published: July 2015

2 Methylene-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane (MPDL) was used as a controlling comonomer in NMP with oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (MeOEGMA) to prepare well-defined and degradable PEG-based P(MeOEGMA-co-MPDL) copolymers.
Potassium tris(triflyl)methide (KCTf3): a broadly applicable promoter for cationic metal catalysis
Authors: Han Junbin , Lu Zhichao , Wang Weibo , Hammond Gerald B. , Xu Bo
Published: July 2015

KCTf3enhanced the reaction rates and the chemical yields of a wide spectrum of cationic metal catalyzed reactions in consistent and significant manner. These reactions include traditional Lewis acid catalysis and transition metal catalysis. KCTf3is an easily handled neutral salt that is commercially available.
Conducting films based on single-component molecular metals
Authors: Alves H. , Neves A. I. S. , Gouveia W. , Silva R. A. L. , Belo D.
Published: July 2015

We demonstrate that single component molecular metals can be used as conductive inks for printed electronics.
A new polymorph of metacetamol
Authors: McGregor Lindsay , Rychkov Denis A. , Coster Paul L. , Day Sarah , Drebushchak Valeri A. , Achkasov Andrei F. , Nichol Gary S. , Pulham Colin R. , Boldyreva Elena V.
Published: July 2015

The existence of a new polymorph of metacetamol together with its properties are reported for the first time.
Synthesis of mesoporous and tetragonal zirconia with inherited morphology from metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Yan Xiaoliang , Lu Ningyue , Fan Binbin , Bao Jiehua , Pan Dahai , Wang Meijun , Li Ruifeng
Published: July 2015

Controlled synthesis of porous and tetragonal zirconia with octahedral morphology was proposed from the thermal decomposition of UiO-66.
Organic photovoltaics without p–n junctions: a computational study of ferroelectric columnar molecular clusters
Authors: Sobolewski Andrzej L.
Published: July 2015

A ferroelectrically arranged intermolecular hydrogen bond network provides a force for splitting exciton into charge carriers and the generation of photovoltaic effects.
Gold trifluoromethyl complexes
Authors: Gil-Rubio Juan , Vicente José
Published: July 2015

This Perspective reviews the synthesis, structure, reactivity and applications of gold trifluoromethyl complexes. The recently reported reactions of gold(iii) trifluoromethyl complexes with potential application in synthesis are discussed.
Benzimidazole-functionalized ancillary ligands for heteroleptic Ru(ii) complexes: synthesis, characterization and dye-sensitized solar cell applications
Authors: Jella Tejaswi , Srikanth Malladi , Bolligarla Rambabu , Soujanya Yarasi , Singh Surya Prakash , Giribabu Lingamallu
Published: July 2015

Three new heteroleptic Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes have been designed with a pyridine-benzimidazole functionalized ligand for dye-sensitized solar cells.
Effects of thermophilic composting on oxytetracycline, sulfamethazine, and their corresponding resistance genes in swine manure
Authors: Wang Jian , Ben Weiwei , Zhang Yu , Yang Min , Qiang Zhimin
Published: July 2015

This study investigated the removal of oxytetracycline and sulfamethazine as well as the behavior of antibiotic resistance genes during thermophilic composting of swine manure.
Polyethylene ferulate (PEF) and congeners: polystyrene mimics derived from biorenewable aromatics
Authors: Nguyen Ha Thi Hoang , Reis Marcus H. , Qi Pengxu , Miller Stephen A.
Published: July 2015

Ferulic acid and coumaric acid are abundantly available bioaromatics from megacrop agricultural waste (such as sugarcane bagasse) and are functional building blocks for polystyrene mimics.
A demountable nanoflow nebulizer for sheathless interfacing nano-high performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Shen Lihuan , Sun Jiannan , Cheng Heyong , Liu Jinhua , Xu Zigang , Mu Jinxia
Published: July 2015

This work demonstrates a low-cost and demountable nanoflow nebulizer with a small dead volume for stable introduction of liquids at nanoflow rates into ICP-MS.
Improving organic tandem solar cells based on water-processed nanoparticles by quantitative 3D nanoimaging
Authors: Pedersen E. B. L. , Angmo D. , Dam H. F. , Thydén K. T. S. , Andersen T. R. , Skjønsfjell E. T. B. , Krebs F. C. , Holler M. , Diaz A. , Guizar-Sicairos M. , Breiby D. W. , Andreasen J. W.
Published: July 2015

Ptychographic tomography with 20 nm resolution identifies structural defects in roll-coated tandem solar cells with an active layer of nanoparticles, coated from aqueous dispersion.
Stable analogues of nojirimycin – synthesis and biological evaluation of nojiristegine and manno-nojiristegine
Authors: Viuff Agnete H. , Besenbacher Louise M. , Kamori Akiko , Jensen Mikkel T. , Kilian Mogens , Kato Atsushi , Jensen Henrik H.
Published: July 2015

Two novel iminosugars called nojiristegines, being structural hybrids between nor-tropane alkaloid calystegine and nojirimycins, have been synthesised and the hemiaminal functionality found to be stable.
One-pot approach to Pd-loaded porous polymers with properties tunable by the oxidation state of the phosphorus core
Authors: Jiang Xiaoyu , Zhao Wuxue , Wang Wei , Zhang Fan , Zhuang Xiaodong , Han Sheng , Feng Xinliang
Published: July 2015

Two new Pd-loaded heteroatom-containing microporous polymers Pd@NP and Pd@NPO were synthesized by one-pot Pd-catalyzed Heck coupling. .
Nitrogen- and oxygen-containing activated carbons from sucrose for electrochemical supercapacitor applications
Authors: Subramanian Navaladian , Viswanathan Balasubramanian
Published: July 2015

High surface area nitrogen- and oxygen-containing activated carbons have been synthesized from sucrose and ammonium nitrateviacombustion route for supercapacitor applications.
Integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in development of porcine testes
Authors: Ran Maoliang , Chen Bin , Wu Maisheng , Liu Xiaochun , He Changqing , Yang Anqi , Li Zhi , Xiang Yongjun , Li Zhaohui , Zhang Shanwen
Published: July 2015

Gene expression profile in the development of porcine testes investigates the intricate physiological process in pig testis development and spermatogenesis.
Microstructural and lipid composition changes in milk fat globules during milk powder manufacture
Authors: Yao Yunping , Zhao Guozhong , Zou Xiaoqiang , Huang Lei , Wang Xingguo
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of milk powder processing conditions (pasteurisation, homogenisation and spray-drying) on the microstructure and composition of fat globules in cow milk.
Bioactive poly(methyl methacrylate) for bone fixation
Authors: Ravarian Roya , Murphy Ciara M. , Schindeler Aaron , Rawal Aditya , Hook James M. , Dehghani Fariba
Published: July 2015

An efficient and specifically formulated superior hybrid of poly(methyl methacrylate) and bioactive glass as a bone fixation biomaterial.
Rapid nucleic acid detection of Zaire ebolavirus on paper fluidics
Authors: Fang Xueen , Guan Ming , Kong Jilie
Published: July 2015

We presented a type of novel paper-based microfluidics for the rapid detection of Zaire ebolavirus.
Cu(ii) complex-based fluorescence chemosensor for cyanide in aqueous media
Authors: Wang Dan , Zheng Jian-Quan , Yan Xi , Zheng Xiang-Jun , Jin Lin-Pei
Published: July 2015

A Cu2+ complex-based fluorescence “off–on” chemosensor for the direct detection of CN− in the environment and in living cells was designed and prepared.
Property relationship of alginate and alginate–carbon dot nanocomposites with bivalent and trivalent cross-linker ions
Authors: Konwar Achyut , Chowdhury Devasish
Published: July 2015

Biocompatible alginate and alginate–carbon dot nanocomposites with superior properties and good mechanical properties.
Pd nanoparticles supported on Mg–Al–CO3 layered double hydroxide as an effective catalyst for methanol electro-oxidation
Authors: Jia Zhijun , Wang Yi , Qi Tao
Published: July 2015

Pd/C and Pd/Mg–Al–CO3 LDH (Pd/LDH) catalysts were prepared and their catalytic performances for methanol electro-oxidation in alkaline solution were investigated in this work.
Imaging of the nuclei of living tumor cells by novel ruthenium(ii) complexes coordinated with 6-chloro-5-hydroxylpyrido[3,2-a]phenazine
Authors: Ding Yang , Wu Qiong , Zheng Kangdi , An Linkun , Hu Xiaoying , Mei Wenjie
Published: July 2015

Novel ruthenium(ii) complex 1 can be developed as a low toxicity fluorescence probe for living cell nuclei in future.
Novel physico-chemical mechanism of the mutagenic tautomerisation of the Watson–Crick-like A·G and C·T DNA base mispairs: a quantum-chemical picture
Authors: Brovarets’ Ol’ha O. , Hovorun Dmytro M.
Published: July 2015

Novel routes for the mutagenic tautomerisation of the long A·G and short C·T Watson–Crick DNA base mispairsviasequential DPT are reported, pursuing the goal of an estimation of their contribution into spontaneous point replication errors in DNA.
Development of colloidal gold immunochromatographic signal-amplifying system for ultrasensitive detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in milk
Authors: Wang Jing-Yun , Chen Ming-Hui , Sheng Zhi-Chao , Liu Dao-Feng , Wu Song-Song , Lai Wei-Hua
Published: July 2015

A colloidal gold immunochromatographic signal-amplifying test strip with a sandwich format was successfully developed to detect Escherichia coli O157:H7.
Interaction of silver atomic quantum clusters with living organisms: bactericidal effect of Ag3clusters mediated by disruption of topoisomerase–DNA complexes
Authors: Neissa J. , Pérez-Arnaiz C. , Porto V. , Busto N. , Borrajo E. , Leal J. M. , López-Quintela M. A. , García B. , Dominguez F.
Published: July 2015

Ag3clusters distort DNA conformation altering the binding of doxorubicin and enzymes. As a novel aspect, the Ag3bactericidal activity is described.
Redox-configurable ambidextrous catalysis: structural and mechanistic insight
Authors: Mortezaei Shahab , Catarineu Noelle R. , Duan Xueyou , Hu Chunhua , Canary James W.
Published: July 2015

A helically chiral copper complex is used as a switchable asymmetric catalyst capable of delivering either enantiomer of a Michael addition reaction.
Enhanced photo-electrochemical water oxidation on MnOxin buffered organic/inorganic electrolytes
Authors: Zhou Fengling , McDonnell-Worth Ciaran , Li Haitao , Li Jiaye , Spiccia Leone , Macfarlane Douglas R.
Published: July 2015

A remarkable improvement in the photo-electrochemical water oxidation on MnOxhas been achieved by employing buffered amine ionic liquid electrolytes.
Highly rate and cycling stable electrode materials constructed from polyaniline/cellulose nanoporous microspheres
Authors: Xu Dingfeng , Xiao Xu , Cai Jie , Zhou Jun , Zhang Lina
Published: July 2015

Highly efficient electrode materials were constructed from polyaniline/cellulose microspheres (PANI/PA/CM)viaphytic acid (PA) as “bridge” through hydrogen bonding. The electrodes exhibited excellent cycling stability and high rate capability as a result of the superior affinity of cellulose with the electrolyte and the homogeneous nanoporous architecture, leading to good ion channels.
Ultra-fast non-equilibrium synthesis and phase segregation in InxSn1−xTe thermoelectrics by SHS-PAS processing
Authors: Liang Tao , Su Xianli , Tan Xiaoming , Zheng Gang , She Xiaoyu , Yan Yonggao , Tang Xinfeng , Uher Ctirad
Published: July 2015

A supersaturated solid solution of InxSn1−xTe is synthesized by ultra-fast non-equilibrium SHS and phase segregation is observed, which offers a new approach to optimize the thermoelectric properties.
Electronic structures of multilayer two-dimensional silicon carbide with oriented misalignment
Authors: Lin Xiao , Lin Shisheng , Xu Yang , Chen Hongsheng
Published: July 2015

In this paper, our ab initio electronic study demonstrates that a controllable direct bandgap of bilayer/trilayer 2d-SiC can be realized via the interlayer oriented misalignment.
Academic Language in Early Childhood Classrooms
Authors: Barnes Erica
Published: July 2015

In this article, the author defines academic language, and provides examples of how it is used in early childhood classrooms. The connections between academic language and later literacy development are discussed, emphasizing how the differences in children's experiences with academic language may be reflected in their classroom performances. Strategies for incorporating and assessing academic language use in a variety of settings in early childhood classrooms are presented.
Joint spectrum sensing for detection of primary users using cognitive relays with evolutionary computing
Authors: Salman Ayesha , Qureshi Ijaz Mansoor , Sultan Kiran , Saeed Sarah
Published: July 2015

The spectrum sensing is one of the most challenging research fields in cognitive radio networks (CRN). Joint spectrum sensing not only improves the detection performance of the system, but also increases overall agility of the CRN. This study presents a centralised relay‐based spectrum sensing technique using hybrid nature based algorithm that detects the number of active primary users and jointly estimates (amplitude, carrier frequency and direction of arrival of far‐field sources impinging on uniform linear arrays (ULA) mounted on each relay. The fitness function is a sum of mean square error and the correlation error. All the individual decisions from each relay are passed on to the fusion centre that provides the final decision on the values of the aforementioned parameters. The validity of the proposed scheme is investigated for various SNR levels along with different sizes of ULAs on each relay.
Multi‐criteria evaluation method for freight logistics innovations
Authors: Permala Antti , Rantasila Karri , Porthin Markus , Hinkka Ville , Eckhardt Jenni , Leonardi Jacques
Published: July 2015

The objective of this study is to build up a common approach for the assessment of logistics innovations. Innovations are referred to here as best practices and are considered as existing approaches or solutions providing an answer to a relevant problem or challenge in freight transport. The impact evaluation of logistics innovations takes into account strategic targets, topics covered, transferability and novelty of the best practices. A freight specific multi‐criteria analysis approach was designed for the evaluation process.
Parametric study of 1310 nm ridge waveguide AlGaInAs‐InP semi‐conductor laser dynamics
Authors: Cantú Horacio I. , McKee Andrew , Eddie Iain , Kelly Anthony E.
Published: July 2015

Dynamic performance of directly modulated Fabry–Pérot lasers is presented in this work subject to variation of parameters such as cavity length and facet reflectivity. This study is focused on the effect that physical parameters have on the slope of the laser resonance frequency against the square root of the injection current. Temperature variation is also studied to determine modulation bandwidth available for high speed device operation at 10 Gbps. The effect of facet reflectivity and temperature over the laser spectrum and wavelength is also discussed.