bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tras la huella de la evolución humana. Secuencia de enseñanza y aprendizaje para la comprensión de la evolución humana incorporando la naturaleza de la ciencia y el mecanismo de selección natural
Authors: Farias Sylvia
Published: May 2018

El aprendizaje de la evolución humana se enmarca dentro del problema de la evolución de las especies, cuyo contenido se enseña a estudiantes de educación media según el curriculum chileno. Dada la importancia que tiene la enseñanza de la evolución humana como conocimiento científico, el objetivo del pre­sente estudio fue diseñar e implementar una secuencia didáctica en un grupo de doce estudiantes de tercero medio plan diferenciado de Biología con el propósito de mejorar la compresión de la evolución humana a través de la incorporación de la enseñanza de la naturaleza de la ciencia (NOS) y la revisión del mecanismo de selección natural de forma explícita. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante un instrumento sobre evolución humana y su relación con NOS, y el cuestionario VNOS-D+ que evalúa diferentes aspectos de NOS. Los resultados muestran una mejora en la comprensión de los aspectos de NOS estudiados y de evolución humana a través del mecanismo de selección natural, cuando se comparan los desempeños antes y después de la intervención. El análisis y conclusiones de los datos nos da cuenta de una mejora en la comprensión de NOS en dos aspectos estudiados: observación e inferencia y base empírica, sin embargo, también se mantienen concepciones alternativas sobre otros aspectos de NOS, evolución humana y el mecanismo de selección natural.
Obstáculos e identidad docente: La clave para construir sentido en los planes de formación
Authors: Mena Esteban , Bravo Paulina , Pérez José Luis
Published: May 2018

En esta investigación daré cuenta de cómo la implementación de una nueva metodología  de enseñanza adquiere sentido cuando responde a las necesidades propias del contexto y la importancia que tienen las estrategias que utilizamos quienes trabajamos en formar a los docentes en estas nuevas metodologías. El problema de este proceso investigativo radica en el vago sentido que se ha construido junto a los profesores para lograr la implementación de una nueva metodología denominada “Aprendizaje y Servicio’’, en especial en la asignatura de biología y ciencias naturales. El foco de mi investigación es la construcción de sentido en 35 profesores de enseñanza escolar. Para lograr esta construcción de sentido he elaborado un plan de cambio en base a la investigación de la identidad docente y los obstáculos que la conforman. La presente investigación acción, es el producto de  un estudio profundo del contexto escolar entre los miembros del equipo de investigación acción del Magister en didáctica de las ciencias experimentales de la Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. Este trabajo ha influido en una mejora en el desempeño profesional, entregándole sentido al vínculo que existe entre la enseñanza de las ciencias y el servicio solidario, fortaleciendo mi propia práctica profesional, y por sobre todo, entendiendo la profesión docente como un proceso de investigación constante.
Una actividad para enseñar selección natural incluyendo la historia de la ciencia: el legado de Dobzhansky llega a la sala de clases
Authors: Cofré Hernán , Nuñez Paola , Becerra Beatriz
Published: May 2018

En la enseñanza de la evolución, muchos de los conceptos erróneos que tienen los estudiantes se relacionan en cómo ellos creen que trabaja la ciencia. Lo importante de esto, es fomentar la comprensión de la evolución como un conocimiento científico basado en datos empíricos, y no como "sólo una teoría". Para ello un buen recurso puede ser incluir ejemplos de Historia del desarrollo del conocimiento evolutivo. La actividad que aquí se presenta, involucra a los estudiantes en el descubrimiento de datos empíricos que muestran evidencia sobre el cambio genético en las poblaciones naturales.
Characterization of organic nitrogen in aerosols at a forest site in the southern Appalachian Mountains
Authors: Chen Xi , Xie Mingjie , Hays Michael D. , Edgerton Eric , Schwede Donna , Walker John T.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This study investigates the composition of organic particulate matter in PM2.5 in a remote montane forest in the southeastern US, focusing on the role of organic nitrogen (N) in sulfur-containing secondary organic aerosol (nitrooxy-organosulfates) and aerosols associated with biomass burning (nitro-aromatics). Bulk water-soluble organic N (WSON) represented  ∼  14 % w∕w of water-soluble total N (WSTN) in PM2.5 on average across seasonal measurement campaigns conducted in the spring, summer, and fall of 2015. The largest contributions of WSON to WSTN were observed in spring ( ∼  18 % w∕w) and the lowest in the fall ( ∼  10 % w∕w). On average, identified nitro-aromatic and nitrooxy-organosulfate compounds accounted for a small fraction of WSON, ranging from  ∼  1 % in spring to  ∼  4 % in fall, though were observed to contribute as much as 28 % w∕w of WSON in individual samples that were impacted by local biomass burning. The highest concentrations of oxidized organic N species occurred during summer (average of 0.65 ng N m−3) along with a greater relative abundance of higher-generation oxygenated terpenoic acids, indicating an association with more aged aerosol. The highest concentrations of nitro-aromatics (e.g., nitrocatechol and methyl-nitrocatechol), levoglucosan, and aged SOA tracers were observed during fall, associated with aged biomass burning plumes. Nighttime nitrate radical chemistry is the most likely formation pathway for nitrooxy-organosulfates observed at this low NOx site (generally < 1 ppb). Isoprene-derived organosulfate (MW216, 2-methyltetrol derived), which is formed from isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) under low NOx conditions, was the most abundant individual organosulfate. Concentration-weighted average WSON ∕ WSOC ratios for nitro-aromatics + organosulfates + terpenoic acids were 1 order of magnitude lower than the overall aerosol WSON ∕ WSOC ratio, indicating the presence of other uncharacterized higher-N-content species. Although nitrooxy-organosulfates and nitro-aromatics contributed a small fraction of WSON, our results provide new insight into the atmospheric formation processes and sources of these largely uncharacterized components of atmospheric organic N, which also helps to advance the atmospheric models to better understand the chemistry and deposition of reactive N.
Low-level isoprene observed during summertime at a forested mountaintop site in southern China: implications for strong regional atmospheric oxidative capacity
Authors: Gong Daocheng , Wang Hao , Zhang Shenyang , Wang Yu , Liu Shaw , Guo Hai , Shao Min , He Congrong , Chen Duohong , He Lingyan , Zhou Lei , Morawska Lidia , Zhang Yuanhang , Wang Boguang
Published: May 2018

Abstract. To investigate the atmospheric oxidizing capacity in certain polluted isoprene-rich environments, such as the forests surrounding megacities. Here we present online observations of isoprene and its first-stage oxidation products methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein (MACR) in summer 2016 at a remote, high-altitude mountain forest site (1690 m a.s.l.) to the north of the air-polluted Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in southern China. The observed isoprene level was found to be significantly lower in comparison with other forest sites either in China or around the world, although the sampling site was surrounded with subtropical evergreen broad-leaved trees which are strong isoprene emitters. Also, high (MVK+MACR)/isoprene ratio was observed. Based on the observations, we hypothesized that the lower isoprene levels in the study forest might be attributable to a strong atmospheric oxidative capacity in relation to the elevated regional complex air pollution. High daytime OH and nighttime NO3 radical concentrations estimated by using a photochemical box model incorporating Master Chemical Mechanism (PBM-MCM), as well as calculated short atmospheric reaction times of isoprene and long photochemical age, indicated that the isoprene was rapidly and fully oxidized at this aged atmospheric environment, which confirmed our hypothesis. The study suggests that the complex air pollution in the PRD region has significantly elevated the background atmospheric oxidative capacity of the adjacent forests, and most likely does would probably affect the regional air quality and ecological environment in the long term. The feedback of forest ecosystems to the increasing atmospheric oxidation capacity warrants further studies.
Nitrogen cycling in Sandusky Bay, Lake Erie: oscillations between strong and weak export and implications for harmful algal blooms
Authors: Salk Kateri R. , Bullerjahn George S. , McKay Robert Michael L. , Chaffin Justin D. , Ostrom Nathaniel E.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Recent global water quality crises point to an urgent need for greater
understanding of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cHABs) and their
drivers. Nearshore areas of Lake Erie such as Sandusky Bay may become
seasonally limited by nitrogen (N) and are characterized by distinct cHAB
compositions (i.e., Planktothrix over Microcystis). This
study investigated phytoplankton N uptake pathways, determined drivers of N depletion,
and characterized the N budget in Sandusky Bay. Nitrate
(NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) uptake, N fixation, and N removal
processes were quantified by stable isotopic approaches. Dissimilatory N reduction was a relatively modest N sink, with denitrification, anammox, and
N2O production accounting for 84, 14, and 2 % of sediment N removal,
respectively. Phytoplankton assimilation was the dominant N uptake mechanism,
and NO3- uptake rates were higher than NH4+ uptake rates.
Riverine N loading was sometimes insufficient to meet assimilatory and
dissimilatory demands, but N fixation alleviated this deficit. N fixation
made up 23.7–85.4 % of total phytoplankton N acquisition and indirectly
supports Planktothrix blooms. However, N fixation rates were
surprisingly uncorrelated with NO3- or NH4+ concentrations.
Owing to temporal separation in sources and sinks of N to Lake Erie, Sandusky
Bay oscillates between a conduit and a filter of downstream N loading to Lake
Erie, delivering extensively recycled forms of N during periods of low
export. Drowned river mouths such as Sandusky Bay are mediators of downstream
N loading, but climate-change-induced increases in precipitation and N
loading will likely intensify N export from these systems.
Footprint-weighted tile approach for a spruce forest and a nearby patchy clearing using the ACASA model
Authors: Gatzsche Kathrin , Babel Wolfgang , Falge Eva , Pyles Rex David , Paw U Kyaw Tha , Raabe Armin , Foken Thomas
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The ACASA (Advanced Canopy–Atmosphere–Soil Algorithm) model, with
a higher-order closure for tall vegetation, has already been
successfully tested and validated for homogeneous spruce
forests. The aim of this paper is to test the model using
a footprint-weighted tile approach for a clearing with
a heterogeneous structure of the underlying surface. The comparison
with flux data shows a good agreement with a footprint-aggregated
tile approach of the model. However, the results of a comparison
with a tile approach on the basis of the mean land use
classification of the clearing is not significantly different. It is
assumed that the footprint model is not accurate enough to separate
small-scale heterogeneities. All measured fluxes are corrected by
forcing the energy balance closure of the test data either by
maintaining the measured Bowen ratio or by the attribution of the
residual depending on the fractions of sensible and latent heat flux
to the buoyancy flux. The comparison with the model, in which the
energy balance is closed, shows that the buoyancy correction for
Bowen ratios >1.5 better fits the measured data. For lower Bowen
ratios, the correction probably lies between the two methods, but the
amount of available data was too small to make a conclusion. With an
assumption of similarity between water and carbon dioxide fluxes,
no correction of the net ecosystem exchange is necessary for Bowen
ratios >1.5.
Integrated high-resolution dataset of high intensity Euro-Mediterranean flash floods
Authors: Amponsah William , Ayral Pierre-Alain , Boudevillain Brice , Bouvier Christophe , Braud Isabelle , Brunet Pascal , Delrieu Guy , Didon-Lescot Jean-François , Gaume Eric , Lebouc Laurent , Marchi Lorenzo , Marra Francesco , Morin Efrat , Nord Guillaume , Payrastre Olivier , Zoccatelli Davide , Borga Marco
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This paper describes an integrated, high-resolution dataset of hydro-meteorological variables (rainfall and discharge) concerning a number of high-intensity flash floods that occurred in Europe and in the Mediterranean region from 1991 to 2015. This type of dataset is rare in the scientific literature because flash floods are typically poorly observed hydrological extremes. Valuable features of the dataset (hereinafter referred to as EuroMedeFF database) include i) its coverage of varied hydro-climatic regions, ranging from Continental Europe through the Mediterranean to Arid climates, ii) the high space-time resolution radar-rainfall estimates, and iii) the dense spatial sampling of the flood response, by observed hydrographs and/or flood peak estimates from post-flood surveys. Flash floods included in the database are selected based on the limited upstream catchment areas (up to 3000 km2), the limited storm durations (up to 2 days), and the unit peak flood magnitude. The EuroMedeFF database comprises 49 events that occurred in France, Israel, Italy, Romania, Germany, and Slovenia, and constitutes a sample of rainfall and flood discharge extremes in different climates. The dataset may be of help to hydrologists as well as other scientific communities because it offers benchmark data for the identification and analysis of the hydro-meteorological causative processes, evaluation of flash flood hydrological models and for hydro-meteorological forecast systems. The dataset also provides a template for the analysis of the space-time variability of flash flood-triggered rainfall fields and of the effects of their estimation on the flood response modelling. The dataset is made available to the public as a "public dataset" with the following DOI: (https://doi.org/10.6096/mistrals-hymex.1493).
A Framework for Enhancing Real-time Social Media Data to Improve Disaster Management Process
Authors: Shah Syed Attique , Şeker Dursun Zafer , Demirel Hande
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Social Media datasets are playing a vital role to provide information that can support decision making in nearly all domains of technology. It is due to the fact that social media is a quick and economical approach for data collection from public through methods like crowdsourcing. It is already proved by existing research that in case of any disaster (natural or man-made) the information extracted from Social Media sites is very critical to Disaster Management Systems for response and reconstruction. This study comprises of two components, the first part proposes a framework that provides updated and filtered real time input data for the disaster management system through social media and the second part consists of a designed web user API for a structured and defined real time data input process. This study contributes to the discipline of design science for the information systems domain. The aim of this study is to propose a framework that can filter and organize data from the unstructured social media sources through recognized methods and to bring this retrieved data to the same level as that of taken through a structured and predefined mechanism of a web API. Both components are designed to a level such that they can potentially collaborate and produce updated information for a disaster management system to carry out accurate and effective.
Context-aware pattern discovery for moving object trajectories
Authors: Sharif Mohammad , Alesheikh Ali Asghar , Kaffash Charandabi Neda
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Movement of point objects are highly sensitive to the underlying situations and conditions during the movement, which are known as contexts. Analyzing movement patterns, while accounting the contextual information, helps to better understand how point objects behave in various contexts and how contexts affect their trajectories. One potential solution for discovering moving objects patterns is analyzing the similarities of their trajectories. This article, therefore, contextualizes the similarity measure of trajectories by not only their spatial footprints but also a notion of internal and external contexts. The dynamic time warping (DTW) method is employed to assess the multi-dimensional similarities of trajectories. Then, the results of similarity searches are utilized in discovering the relative movement patterns of the moving point objects. Several experiments are conducted on real datasets that were obtained from commercial airplanes and the weather information during the flights. The results yielded the robustness of DTW method in quantifying the commonalities of trajectories and discovering movement patterns with 80 % accuracy. Moreover, the results revealed the importance of exploiting contextual information because it can enhance and restrict movements.
From Physical Campus Space to a Full-view Figure: University Atlas Compiling Based on ‘Information Design’ Concept
Authors: Song Ge , Tang Xi , Zhu Feng
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Traditional university maps, taking campus as the principal body, mainly realize the abilities of space localization and navigation. They don’t take full advantage of map, such as multi-scale representations and thematic geo-graphical information visualization. And their inherent propaganda functions have not been entirely developed. Therefore, we tried to take East China Normal University (ECNU) located in Shanghai as an example, and integrated various information related to university propaganda need (like spatial patterns, history and culture, landscape ecology, disciplinary constructions, cooperation, social services, development plans and so on). We adopted the frontier knowledge of ‘information design’ as well as kinds of information graphics and visualization solutions. As a result, we designed and compiled a prototype atlas of ‘ECNU Impression’ to provide a series of views of ECNU, which practiced a new model of ‘narrative campus map’. This innovative propaganda product serves as a supplement to typical shows with official authority, data maturity, scientificity, dimension diversity, and timing integrity. The university atlas will become a usable media for university overall figure shaping.
Exploring multivariate representations of indices along linear geographic features
Authors: Bleisch Susanne , Hollenstein Daria
Published: May 2018

Abstract. A study of the walkability of a Swiss town required finding suitable representations of multivariate geographical da-ta. The goal was to represent multiple indices of walkability concurrently and visualizing the data along the street network it relates to. Different indices of pedestrian friendliness were assessed for short street sections and then mapped to an overlaid grid. Basic and composite glyphs were designed using square- or triangle-areas to display one to four index values concurrently within the grid structure. Color was used to indicate different indices. Implement-ing visualizations for different combinations of index sets, we find that single values can be emphasized or de-emphasized by selecting the color scheme accordingly and that different color selections either allow perceiving sin-gle values or overall trends over the evaluated area. Values for up to four indices can be displayed in combination within the resulting geovisualizations and the underlying gridded road network references the data to its real world locations.
Quantum Leap in Cartography as a requirement of Sustainable Development of the World
Authors: Tikunov Vladimir S. , Tikunova Iryna N. , Eremchenko Eugene N.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Sustainable development is one of the most important challenges for humanity and one of the priorities of the United Nations. Achieving sustainability of the whole World is a main goal of management at all levels – from personal to local to global. Therefore, decision making should be supported by relevant geospatial information system. Nevertheless, classical geospatial products, maps and GIS, violate fundamental demand of ‘situational awareness’ concept, well-known philosophy of decision-making – same representation of situation within a same volume of time and space for all decision-makers. Basic mapping principles like generalization and projections split the universal single model of situation on number of different separate and inconsistent replicas. It leads to wrong understanding of situation and, after all – to incorrect decisions. In another words, quality of the sustainable development depends on effective decision-making support based on universal global scale-independent and projection-independent model. This new way for interacting with geospatial information is a quantum leap in cartography method. It is implemented in the so-called ‘Digital Earth’ paradigm and geospatial services like Google Earth. Com-paring of both methods, as well as possibilities of implementation of Digital Earth in the sustain-able development activities, are discussed.
Hazards and accessibility: combining and visualizing threat and open infrastructure data for disaster management
Authors: Tost Jordi , Ehmel Fabian , Heidmann Frank , Olen Stephanie M. , Bookhagen Bodo
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The assessment of natural hazards and risk has traditionally been built upon the estimation of threat maps, which are used to depict potential danger posed by a particular hazard throughout a given area. But when a hazard event strikes, infrastructure is a significant factor that can determine if the situation becomes a disaster. The vulnerability of the population in a region does not only depend on the area’s local threat, but also on the geographical accessibility of the area. This makes threat maps by themselves insufficient for supporting real-time decision-making, especially for those tasks that involve the use of the road network, such as management of relief operations, aid distribution, or planning of evacuation routes, among others. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a multidisciplinary approach divided in two parts. First, data fusion of satellite-based threat data and open infrastructure data from OpenStreetMap, introducing a threat-based routing service. Second, the visualization of this data through cartographic generalization and schematization. This emphasizes critical areas along roads in a simple way and allows users to visually evaluate the impact natural hazards may have on infrastructure. We develop and illustrate this methodology with a case study of landslide threat for an area in Colombia.
RJMCMC based Text Placement to Optimize Label Placement and Quantity
Authors: Touya Guillaume , Chassin Thibaud
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Label placement is a tedious task in map design, and its automation has long been a goal for researchers in cartography, but also in computational geometry. Methods that search for an optimal or nearly optimal solution that satisfies a set of constraints, such as label overlapping, have been proposed in the literature. Most of these methods mainly focus on finding the optimal position for a given set of labels, but rarely allow the removal of labels as part of the optimization. This paper proposes to apply an optimization technique called Reversible-Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo that enables to easily model the removal or addition during the optimization iterations. The method, quite preliminary for now, is tested on a real dataset, and the first results are encouraging.
Geospatial Augmented Reality for the interactive exploitation of large-scale walkable orthoimage maps in museums
Authors: Wüest Robert , Nebiker Stephan
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In this paper we present an app framework for augmenting large-scale walkable maps and orthoimages in museums or public spaces using standard smartphones and tablets. We first introduce a novel approach for using huge orthoimage mosaic floor prints covering several hundred square meters as natural Augmented Reality (AR) markers. We then present a new app architecture and subsequent tests in the Swissarena of the Swiss National Transport Museum in Lucerne demonstrating the capabilities of accurately tracking and augmenting different map topics, including dynamic 3d data such as live air traffic. The resulting prototype was tested with everyday visitors of the museum to get feedback on the usability of the AR app and to identify pitfalls when using AR in the context of a potentially crowded museum. The prototype is to be rolled out to the public after successful testing and optimization of the app. We were able to show that AR apps on standard smartphone devices can dramatically enhance the interactive use of large-scale maps for different purposes such as education or serious gaming in a museum context.
A multi-factor GIS method to identify optimal geographic locations for electric vehicle (EV) charging stations
Authors: Zhang Yongqin , Iman Kory
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Fuel-based transportation is one of the major contributors to poor air quality in the United States. Electric Vehicle (EV) is potentially the cleanest transportation technology to our environment. This research developed a spatial suitability model to identify optimal geographic locations for installing EV charging stations for travelling public. The model takes into account a variety of positive and negative factors to identify prime locations for installing EV charging stations in Wasatch Front, Utah, where automobile emission causes severe air pollution due to atmospheric inversion condition near the valley floor. A walkable factor grid was created to store index scores from input factor layers to determine prime locations. 27 input factors including land use, demographics, employment centers etc. were analyzed. Each factor layer was analyzed to produce a summary statistic table to determine the site suitability. Potential locations that exhibit high EV charging usage were identified and scored. A hot spot map was created to demonstrate high, moderate, and low suitability areas for installing EV charging stations. A spatially well distributed EV charging system was then developed, aiming to reduce “range anxiety” from traveling public. This spatial methodology addresses the complex problem of locating and establishing a robust EV charging station infrastructure for decision makers to build a clean transportation infrastructure, and eventually improve environment pollution.
An improved spatial contour tree constructed method
Authors: Zheng Yi , Zhang Ling , Guilbert Eric , Long Yi
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Contours are important data to delineate the landform on a map. A contour tree provides an object-oriented description of landforms and can be used to enrich the topological information. The traditional contour tree is used to store topological relationships between contours in a hierarchical structure and allows for the identification of eminences and depressions as sets of nested contours. This research proposes an improved contour tree so-called spatial contour tree that contains not only the topological but also the geometric information. It can be regarded as a terrain skeleton in 3-dimention, and it is established based on the spatial nodes of contours which have the latitude, longitude and elevation information. The spatial contour tree is built by connecting spatial nodes from low to high elevation for a positive landform, and from high to low elevation for a negative landform to form a hierarchical structure. The connection between two spatial nodes can provide the real distance and direction as a Euclidean vector in 3-dimention. In this paper, the construction method is tested in the experiment, and the results are discussed. The proposed hierarchical structure is in 3-demintion and can show the skeleton inside a terrain. The structure, where all nodes have geo-information, can be used to distinguish different landforms and applied for contour generalization with consideration of geographic characteristics.
Mapping historical landscape changes with the use of a space-time cube
Authors: Bogucka Edyta P. , Jahnke Mathias
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In this contribution, we introduce geographic concepts in the humanities and present the results of a spacetime visualization of ancient buildings over the last centuries. The techniques and approaches used were based on cartographic research to visualize spatio-temporal information. As a case study, we applied cartographic styling techniques to a model of the Royal Castle in Warsaw and its different spatial elements, which were constructed and destroyed during their eventful history. In our case, the space-time cube approach seems to be the most suitable representation of this spatio-temporal information. Therefore, we digitized the different footprints of the castle during the ancient centuries as well as the landscape structure around, and annotated them with monarchies, epochs and time. During the digitization process, we had to cope with difficulties like sources in various scales and map projections, which resulted in varying accuracies. The results were stored in KML to support a wide variety of visualization platforms.
Generation and communication of dynamic maps using light projection
Authors: Busch Steffen , Schlichting Alexander , Brenner Claus
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Many accidents are caused by miscommunication between traffic participants. Much research is being conducted in the area of car to car and car to infrastructure communication in order to eliminate this cause of accidents. How-ever, less attention is paid to the question how the behavior of a car can be communicated to pedestrians. Especially considering automated traffic, there is a lack of communication between cars and pedestrians. In this paper, we address the question how an autonomously driving car can inform pedestrians about its intentions. Especially in case of highly automated driving, making eye contact with a driver will give no clue about his or her intensions. We developed a prototype which continuously informs pedestrians about the intentions of the vehicle by projecting visual patterns onto the ground. Furthermore, the system communicates its interpretation of the observed situation to the pedestrians to warn them or to encourage them to perform a certain action. In order to communicate adaptively, the vehicle needs to develop an understanding of the dynamics of a city to know what to expect in certain situations and what speed is appropriate. To support this, we created a dynamic map, which estimates the number of pedestrians and cyclists in a certain area, which is then used to determine how ‘hazardous’ the area is. This dynamic map is obtained from measurement data from many time instances, in contrast to the static car navigation maps, which are prevalent today. Apart from being used for communication purposes, the dynamic map can also influence the speed of a car, be it manually or autonomously driven. Adapting the speed in hazardous areas will avoid accidents where a car drives too fast, so that neither a human nor a computer-operated system would be able to stop in time.
Mental map and spatial thinking
Authors: Castellar Sonia Maria Vanzella , Juliasz Paula Cristiane Strina
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The spatial thinking is a central concept in our researches at the Faculty of Education of University of São Paulo (FE-USP). The cartography is fundamental to this kind of thinking, because it contributes to the development of the representation of space. The spatial representations are the drawings – mental maps – maps, chart, aerial photos, satellite images, graphics and diagrams. To think spatially – including the contents and concepts geographical and their representations – also corresponds to reason, defined by the skills the individual develops to understand the structure, function of a space, and describe your organization and relation to other spaces. The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of mental maps in the development of concepts of city and landscape – structuring concepts for school geography. The purpose is to analyze how students in Geography and Pedagogy – future teachers – and young children in Early Childhood Education think, feel, and appropriate these concepts. The analys is indicates the importance of developing mental map in activities with pedagogy and geography graduate student to know that students at school can be producers of maps. Cartography is a language and allows the student to develop the spatial and temporal relationships and notions such as orientation, distance and location, learning the concepts of geographical science. Mental maps present the basic features of the location such as the conditions – the features verified in one place – and the connections that is to understand how this place connects to other places.
Teaching Spatial Thinking with the National Atlas of Korea in U.S. Secondary Level Education
Authors: Chu Gregory H. , Hwang Chul Sue , Choi Jongnam
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This paper is predicated on the body of literature that supports a theoretical concept that middle and high school age children possess the cognitive ability to understand thematic maps and achieve some degree of cartographic literacy. In 2006, the US National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academies published a landmark book on Learning to Think Spatially. This book documented essential secondary education components and various aspects of teaching spatial thinking. The NRC defines spatial thinking as “a form of thinking based on a constructive amalgam of three elements: concepts of space, tools of representation, and processes of reasoning” (NRC, 2006, ix). This paper is an attempt to document and understand some of the attributes associated with these three elements. Specifically, it aims to find ways that can effectively contribute to the teaching of these elements associated with spatial thinking. The National Atlas of Korea is chosen for lesson plan development because it is well-designed and provides a range of contents and comprehensiveness that are ideal; in addition, it is freely accessible online and downloadable (http://nationalatlas.ngii.go.kr/). Four master geography teachers were invited to examine the Atlas to conceive and develop Advanced Placement Human Geography (APHG) lesson plans. Four lesson plans were written and have continually been implemented in classrooms to over 800 students in the States of Utah, Georgia, Minnesota, and Tennessee since the 2015 Fall semester. Results are presented in this paper.
Towards Seamless Validation of Land Cover Data
Authors: Chuprikova Ekaterina , Liebel Lukas , Meng Liqiu
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This article demonstrates the ability of the Bayesian Network analysis for the recognition of uncertainty patterns associated with the fusion of various land cover data sets including GlobeLand30, CORINE (CLC2006, Germany) and land cover data derived from Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) such as Open Street Map (OSM). The results of recognition are expressed as probability and uncertainty maps which can be regarded as a by-product of the GlobeLand30 data. The uncertainty information may guide the quality improvement of GlobeLand30 by involving the ground truth data, information with superior quality, the know-how of experts and the crowd intelligence. Such an endeavor aims to pave a way towards a seamless validation of global land cover data on the one hand and a targeted knowledge discovery in areas with higher uncertainty values on the other hand.
Assessing a potential solution for spatially referencing of historical aerial photography in South Africa
Authors: Denner Michele , Raubenheimer Jacobus H.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Historical aerial photography has become a valuable commodity in any country, as it provides a precise record of historical land management over time. In a developing country, such as South Africa, that has undergone enormous political and social change over the last years, such photography is invaluable as it provides a clear indication of past injustices and serves as an aid to addressing post-apartheid issues such as land reform and land redistribution. National mapping organisations throughout the world have vast repositories of such historical aerial photography. In order to effectively use these datasets in today’s digital environment requires that it be georeferenced to an accuracy that is suitable for the intended purpose. Using image-to-image georeferencing techniques, this research sought to determine the accuracies achievable for ortho-rectifying large volumes of historical aerial imagery, against the national standard for ortho-rectification in South Africa, using two different types of scanning equipment. The research conducted four tests using aerial photography from different time epochs over a period of sixty years, where the ortho-rectification matched each test to an already ortho-rectified mosaic of a developed area of mixed land use. The results of each test were assessed in terms of visual accuracy, spatial accuracy and conformance to the national standard for ortho-rectification in South Africa. The results showed a decrease in the overall accuracy of the image as the epoch range between the historical image and the reference image increased. Recommendations on the applications possible given the different epoch ranges and scanning equipment used are provided.
Traduire encore Bertin aujourd'hui : pourquoi faire ? Les nouvelles faces cachées de la Sémiologie Graphique
Authors: Dhieb Mohsen
Published: May 2018

Abstract. La « Sémiologie Graphique » de Bertin est un ouvrage majeur de la cartographie contemporaine. Cependant, dès sa parution en 1967, cet ouvrage a suscité autant d’intérêt que de méfiance : l’ouvrage n’était pas dans le « moule » de la littérature cartographique en vigueur. Pourtant, si plusieurs de ses principes et concepts fondateurs ont été adoptés, plusieurs autres ne sont pas bien passés ou n’ont pas été mis en pratique. Il y a comme un fossé entre certains énoncés théoriques de l'ouvrage et leur mise en pratique. Certaines affirmations de Bertin peuvent paraître obsolètes aujourd’hui à l’heure du numérique, comme la non prise en compte de l’aspect dynamique ou interactif de la carte. L'avènement récent des SIG, de la géomatique et des systèmes de Cartographie Assistée par Ordinateur a relégué les vieilles méthodes de traitement graphique de l'information au second rang. Dès lors pourquoi traduire encore aujourd’hui, à l’heure du numérique, la « Sémiologie Graphique » ? Justement, d’abord, parce que certains principes restent, en substance, peu connus ; plusieurs aspects demeurent encore à explorer ; certaines méthodes et techniques manuelles délaissées peuvent être revisitées et remises en marche grâce à la visualisation ; des innovations n’ont pas été expérimentées ou implémentées par les moyens numériques. Dans le monde arabe, peu de recherches se sont imprégnées de sémiologie graphique. Lors de la traduction de l’ouvrage en arabe, des points restés obscurs ont été décelés. Ce sont ces quelques idées et réflexions qui nous ont poussés à revivre cette formidable aventure.
Interactive visual exploration and analysis of origin-destination data
Authors: Ding Linfang , Meng Liqiu , Yang Jian , Krisp Jukka M.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In this paper, we propose a visual analytics approach for the exploration of spatiotemporal interaction patterns of massive origin-destination data. Firstly, we visually query the movement database for data at certain time windows. Secondly, we conduct interactive clustering to allow the users to select input variables/features (e.g., origins, destinations, distance, and duration) and to adjust clustering parameters (e.g. distance threshold). The agglomerative hierarchical clustering method is applied for the multivariate clustering of the origin-destination data. Thirdly, we design a parallel coordinates plot for visualizing the precomputed clusters and for further exploration of interesting clusters. Finally, we propose a gradient line rendering technique to show the spatial and directional distribution of origin-destination clusters on a map view. We implement the visual analytics approach in a web-based interactive environment and apply it to real-world floating car data from Shanghai. The experiment results show the origin/destination hotspots and their spatial interaction patterns. They also demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Geovisualization applications to examine and explore high-density and hierarchical critical infrastructure data
Authors: Edsall Robert , Hembree Harvey
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The geospatial research and development team in the National and Homeland Security Division at Idaho National Laboratory was tasked with providing tools to derive insight from the substantial amount of data currently available – and continuously being produced – associated with the critical infrastructure of the US. This effort is in support of the Department of Homeland Security, whose mission includes the protection of this infrastructure and the enhancement of its resilience to hazards, both natural and human. We present geovisual-analytics-based approaches for analysis of vulnerabilities and resilience of critical infrastructure, designed so that decision makers, analysts, and infrastructure owners and managers can manage risk, prepare for hazards, and direct resources before and after an incident that might result in an interruption in service. Our designs are based on iterative discussions with DHS leadership and analysts, who in turn will use these tools to explore and communicate data in partnership with utility providers, law enforcement, and emergency response and recovery organizations, among others. In most cases these partners desire summaries of large amounts of data, but increasingly, our users seek the additional capability of focusing on, for example, a specific infrastructure sector, a particular geographic region, or time period, or of examining data in a variety of generalization or aggregation levels. These needs align well with tenets of in-formation-visualization design; in this paper, selected applications among those that we have designed are described and positioned within geovisualization, geovisual analytical, and information visualization frameworks.
Creating a Body of Knowledge for cartography
Authors: Fairbairn David
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The nature of knowledge is considered, in particular its creation and formalisation, and some of the issues which re-late to disciplinary knowledge in particular. It is suggested that cartography has particular needs addressing its disciplinary boundaries, the role of uncertain and ‘troublesome’ knowledge in its subject-matter, and the enhancement of its subject-specific knowledge, with more generic supporting material, including skills and attitudes. An overview of Bodies of Knowledge (BoK) in other disciplines has been undertaken, and models of BoK structure, content and usage have been assessed. BoKs in closely related subjects, including civil engineering, GIS and software engineering, give examples of good practice. The paper concentrates on the work done to date to create the cartography BoK, and the adoption of the ‘Delphi’ method of consultation to develop it. The Delphi method is intended to yield consensus on the scope, content, context and use of the BoK. It is regarded as a rigorous process, iterative (and therefore time consuming), involving questionnaire survey, opinion gathering, discourse analysis, and feedback. The participants are expected to be experts, from a range of different sectors, but ‘volunteer amateurs’ are also important consultants.
The effectiveness of cartographic visualisations in landscape archaeology
Authors: Fairbairn David
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The use of maps and other geovisualisation methods has been longstanding in archaeology. Archaeologists employ advanced contemporary tools in their data collection, analysis and presentation. Maps can be used to render the ‘big data’ commonly collected by archaeological prospection techniques, but are also fundamental output instru-ments for the dissemination of archaeological interpretation and modelling. This paper addresses, through case studies, alternate methods of geovisualisation in archaeology and identifies the efficiencies of each.
Two Web-GIS Projects on Russian Historical Sources of the 15–19th Centuries
Authors: Frolov Aleksei A. , Golubinskiy Aleksei A.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The paper describes an experience of online-publication of Russian archival materials by means of two web-GIS projects. The first project is devoted to publication of the collection of the earliest Russian cartographic drawings (mainly 2nd half of the 17th century), which cover a significant part of Russian territory, mainly the European part (http://rgada.info/geos2). Most of them have never been published and were not easily accessible for scholars and users due to poor physical condition. We tried to combine opportunities of geocoding of the picture with capacity to use an authentic image. The second project offers the results of localization of toponyms and land parcels from various documents (15–19th cc.) connected with one region of the Russian State called Bezhetsk Upland (http://rgada.info/bezheck/popup.html). These results were arranged in the set of layers which may be combined by the user.
Teaching/Research Project “Wheelmap”
Authors: Gollenstede Andreas
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In recent years new didactic concepts and approaches have been developed and evaluated at the universities. The concept for cartography lectures presented in this article is based on the close link of research and teaching/learning. The students are involved in all essential steps of a scientific project taking place during a series of lectures – beginning with the development of the scientific issues, followed by the choice and execution of the research methods and finally the presentation of the achieved outcomes. The specific project introduced here is based on self-experiments in which students took the perspective of wheelchair users entrusted with the task to map places, which are accessible for people with impairments. Among others, the goal set for the students was to develop an appropriate concept for the mobile acquisition of data and to visualise the final results by different methods of cartography.