bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling ocean distributions and abundances of natural- and hatchery-origin Chinook salmon stocks with integrated genetic and tagging data
Authors: Jensen Alexander J. , Kelly Ryan P. , Satterthwaite William H. , Ward Eric J. , Moran Paul , Shelton Andrew Olaf
Published: November 2023

Background

Considerable resources are spent to track fish movement in marine environments, often with the intent of estimating behavior, distribution, and abundance. Resulting data from these monitoring efforts, including tagging studies and genetic sampling, often can be siloed. For Pacific salmon in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, predominant data sources for fish monitoring are coded wire tags (CWTs) and genetic stock identification (GSI). Despite their complementary strengths and weaknesses in coverage and information content, the two data streams rarely have been integrated to inform Pacific salmon biology and management. Joint, or integrated, models can combine and contextualize multiple data sources in a single statistical framework to produce more robust estimates of fish populations.

Methods

We introduce and fit a comprehensive joint model that integrates data from CWT recoveries and GSI sampling to inform the marine life history of Chinook salmon stocks at spatial and temporal scales relevant to ongoing fisheries management efforts. In a departure from similar models based primarily on CWT recoveries, modeled stocks in the new framework encompass both hatchery- and natural-origin fish. We specifically model the spatial distribution and marine abundance of four distinct stocks with spawning locations in California and southern Oregon, one of which is listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.

Results

Using the joint model, we generated the most comprehensive estimates of marine distribution to date for all modeled Chinook salmon stocks, including historically data poor and low abundance stocks. Estimated marine distributions from the joint model were broadly similar to estimates from a simpler, CWT-only model but did suggest some differences in distribution in select seasons. Model output also included novel stock-, year-, and season-specific estimates of marine abundance. We observed and partially addressed several challenges in model convergence with the use of supplemental data sources and model constraints; similar difficulties are not unexpected with integrated modeling. We identify several options for improved data collection that could address issues in convergence and increase confidence in model estimates of abundance. We expect these model advances and results provide management-relevant biological insights, with the potential to inform future mixed-stock fisheries management efforts, as well as a foundation for more expansive and comprehensive analyses to follow.
Meaningful “Protests” in the Kitchen: An Interview with Judith Butler
Authors: Staff White Rabbit
Published: November 2023

Judith Butler’s work represents a major contribution to contemporary theoretical criticism.At the same time, she has been an influential political activist for more than twenty years. Butler is, at the present, Maxine Elliot Professor in the Departments of Rhetoric and Comparative Literature and the Co-director of the Program of Critical Theory at the University of California, Berkeley. She has been professor at Wesleyan University and John Hopkins University. Her work has significantly influenced the fields of gender studies, feminism, political philosophy and ethics. Her ideas are at the origin of what today is known as Queer Theory, fundamentally a performative theory, according to which sex and sexuality, rather than being something natural, are, like gender, something culturally constructed. Butler’s proposition is the de-naturalization of concepts such as sex, gender, desire, as long as they are understood as constructions that constitute cultural norms which force and violate the will of all those subjects who do not conform to them.
On the Relativity of Perception
Authors: Rojas Álvaro
Published: November 2023

When thinking about reality,it is common to think that the world perceived through the senses is the same for everyone. Nevertheless, a more careful reflection reveals that this type of assertion is not always true. If we acknowledge that all human beings are essentially different, we must also recognize that the constructions processed, perceived and recreated by our senses are just as divergent. Based on Oliver Sacks’s “Speed” and various other theoretical sources, this essay discusses the relativity of perception and sensorial images as determined by our individual biological configuration.It is finallyconcluded that, regardless of the stimuli present in the medium, perception is an individual, subjective process, and “reality” is just a mental construct; an image which is potentially different for every person.
Construction of Light-Activated Alarm System for Atmospheric Monitoring
Authors: Okoro Ugochukwu Kingsley
Published: November 2023

The work aims to create a dependable, effective, and affordable alarm solution that makes use of the characteristics of light-dependent resistors (LDRs). The specific objectives are to design and construct an alarm system that responds to changes in light levels, provide a cost-effective and reliable monitoring solution for various atmospheric applications, and test the device for optimal utilization. The construction process involved assembling electronic components on a breadboard or Vero board. The system's voltage source was a 9-volt battery, and the key components included resistors, capacitors, a transistor, an LDR (Light Dependent Resistor), and a buzzer. LDR was used as the primary sensor to detect changes in light levels, triggering the alarm when the light level fell below a predetermined threshold. The system was tested to ensure its effectiveness and reliability. Different light conditions and intensities are simulated to check if the alarm triggers appropriately. In troubleshooting the constructed light-activated alarm, related to the power source, connections, sensor positioning, interference, or alarm settings to ensure the alarm functions reliably and accurately were identified and resolved. Considering availability, accessibility and affordability the design and constructed light-activated alarm system is a veritable tool that compliments monitoring atmospheric applications in equipment-scarce regions.
Decomposition with the Additive Model Using Buys-Ballot Technique of Quadratic Trend-Cycle Component in Descriptive Time Series Analysis
Authors: Dozie Kelechukwu C. N. , Ibebuogu Christian C.
Published: November 2023

The study discusses decomposition with the additive model of quadratic trend-cycle in time series. Decomposition method is based on fitting a trend curve by some techniques and de-trending the series, using the de-trended series to adequately estimate and investigate the trend parameters, seasonal indices and residual component of the series. The method adopted in this study assumed that the series are arranged in a Buys-Ballot table with m rows and s columns. The study indicates that, the Buys-Ballot technique is computationally simple when compared with other descriptive techniques. The estimates of the quadratic trend-cycle component and seasonal effects are easily computed from periodic and seasonal averages. Hence, the computations are reduce to \(\hat{a}\) = 3.2051, \(\hat{b}\) = , 0.0218 and \(\hat{c}\) = -0.0001. Therefore, the fitted additive decomposition model is \(\hat{x}\)t = 3.2051+ 0.0218t - 0.0001t2 + \(\hat{s}\)t Under acceptable assumption, the article shows that additive model satisfies (\(\Sigma^s_{j=1}\) s\(_j\) = 0) as in equation (7). We also consider test for seasonality that admits additive model in this study.
Schizencephaly: A Case Report
Authors: Ahmed S. Ait , Yahia B. Ouled , Chtouki L. , Mabrouk N. , Bentahila A.
Published: November 2023

Schizencephaly is a rare anomaly of embryonic development characterized by the presence of linear fissures containing cerebrospinal fluid and lined with dysplastic gray matter, extending from the pial surface of the cerebral hemisphere to the ependymal surface of the lateral ventricle. Schizencephaly can affect one or both cerebral hemispheres, leading to a variety of neurological symptoms such as epilepsy, motor deficits and psychomotor retardation. An antenatal diagnosis can be made; treatment is based on rehabilitation, antiepileptic drugs and supportive psychotherapy.

We report the case of a 3-year-old child admitted to our department for a generalized tonicoclonic convulsive seizure resistant to antiepileptic treatment. The child's antecedents included a well-monitored pregnancy carried to term, and a vaginal delivery with no evidence of neonatal distress.  The parents are not consanguineous, but there have been two deaths in the siblings (at 15 days and 40 days) of unknown origin. The child also showed delayed psychomotor development.

An MRI scan revealed a type 1 right schizencephaly with a closed cleft, but biology revealed no abnormalities, and genetic studies are still in progress.

Management to date is based on antiepileptic drugs, psychomotor rehabilitation and sometimes surgery.
On Suborbits and Graphs Associated with Action of Alternating Groups on Cartesian Product of Two Sets
Authors: Kadedesya Stephen , Nyaga Lewis , Rimberia Jane
Published: November 2023

In this paper, the suborbits and graphs associated with the action of direct product of two Alternating groups on the Cartesian product of two sets are studied. It is shown that the suborbits are self-paired and the associated graphs are undirected and regular with girth 3.
Therapeutic Potentials of Azadirachta indica and Ocimum gratissimum, and their Synagistic Effects in Treatment of Plasmodium berghei Infected Albino Mice
Authors: C. C. Anyasodor , A. E. Onyido , E. O. Ogbuefi , A. E. Anyasodor
Published: November 2023

Antimalarial resistance is a major challenge for effective control of malaria. This triggered the need to monitor the efficacy of Azadirachta indica and Ocimum gratissimum in the disease management. The present study compared antimalarial activities of the leaf extracts of the individual plants and evaluated their combined effects on malaria infected mice. The leaves of the different plants were extracted with absolute ethanol (BDL 95%) for the test. Clean albino mice were experimentally infected intraperitoneally with chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei Nk65 strain. Parasitaemia level was determined before parasite inoculation and at 24 hours post treatment period. Efficacy of the leaf extracts was tested on the infected mice using Peter’s 4-days suppressive and curative tests, and secondary biological assessment procedures.The lethal median dose (LD50) recorded for neem and clove basil leaf extracts were 31.62 and 1246.9 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Infected mice treated with leaf extracts of the plants and their combinations produced significant dose- dependent activity against the parasite (P<0.05). Highest reduction of parasitaemia was observed on day 4. Maximum parasitaemia reduction (78.65%) was attained with 30mg/kg of the combination of the extracts on the 7th day. These observations indicate better anti-malarial activity of the combination therapy as compared with the individual extracts of the plants, and also show their good antimalarial potentials.
Dyslipidemia Protective Effect of Resistant Starch-Based Dough Meals on Diabetes-Induced Rats
Authors: Oladebeye Aderonke Adenike , Fagbemi Tayo Nathaniel , Ijarotimi Oluwole Steve
Published: November 2023

Aim: The adoption of functional foods as healthy diet therapy for the management of metabolic disorders such as diabetes is in vogue in the present world where many are no longer consuming carbohydrate or starchy foods. This study investigated the effect of resistant starch-based dough meals on dyslipidemia in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes.

Place and Duration: Functional Foods Laboratory and Animal House of Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, from July 2022 to February 2023.

Methodology: Flour samples were prepared by dispersing the flour into boiling water and turning and being allowed to cook for 15 min to obtain dough meals:  PLD – (100% Plantain flour), used as a control sample; PLPRD – plantain flour: pigeon pea flour: rice bran flour (73.08:15.15:11.76); PSPRD – native plantain starch: pigeon pea flour: rice bran flour (73.08:15.15:11.76); AP1SPRD – acetylated plantain starch: pigeon pea flour: rice bran flour (73.08:15.15:11.76); AP2SPRD – acetylated plantain starch: pigeon pea flour: rice bran flour (70.67:18.15:11.18). The weight gained, food intake, haematological parameters, fasting blood glucose and lipid profile of the resistant starch-based dough meal were compared with the commercial flour product, CRD (100% Cerolina flour: wheat and soybean) and the DM (untreated high-fat diet–STZ-induced diabetic rats) and NC (Normal control rats).

Results: The weight gained and food intake ranged from 50.98±0.53 g to 180.12±1.07 g in NC and 33.98±1.64 g to 140.87±1.80 g in DM. The feed conversion ratio to the feed efficiency ratio was 0.28:0.25 and 4.15:3.53 in NC and DM respectively, which attributed to the food product to weight loss. The values of the haematological parameters (PCV, RBC, HB, MCV, MCH and MCHC) confirmed that the experimental rats had no trace of infection due to the generation of antibodies by WBC and differential counts (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes). Rats fed with DM+AP1SPRD showed a decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol and triglyceride, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HLDL-C).

Conclusion: A resistant starch-based dough meal was significant for the production of short-chain fatty acids with lots of benefits on health. The intervention of resistant starch-based dough meals, AP1SPRD and AP2SPRD used in this study, almost normalized metabolic profiles in the experimental rats, similar to the control group by reducing the total cholesterol, total triglycerides and LDL-C while increasing HDL-C.
Performance of Seed Rate on Wheat Crop (Triticum aestivum L.) under Late Sown Condition
Authors: Singh Harivansh , Singh Anil Kumar , Chaubey Shivam , Singh Vivek Kumar
Published: November 2023

A study was conducted to investigate the “Performance of seed rate on wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.) Under late Sown Condition.” This experiment was carried out during the Rabi seasons of 2018-2019 and 2019-2 020 at the Pili-Kothi Student Research Farm and in the Laboratory Department of Agronomy at T.D.P.G. College Jaunpur. Increasing seed rates demonstrated a significant influence on various growth parameters, including initial plant population, shoot numbers, plant height, and dry matter production, with the highest values consistently observed at 140 kg/ha. In terms of yield-contributing characteristics, the 140 kg/ha seed rate led to increased spike counts, longer spikes, more grains per spike, and heavier grains. Yield significantly favored the 140 kg/ha rate, averaging 4.25-4.21 Mg/ha, surpassing the 120 kg/ha rate (4.08-4.07 Mg/ha) and markedly exceeding the 100 kg/ha rate (3.85-3.84 Mg/ha). The straw and biological yields further echoed this trend, cementing the prominence of the 140 kg/ha seed rate in augmenting late-sown wheat productivity.
Variability Study Analysis for Half-sib Families under Control Environmental Conditions in Neolamarckia cadamba (Kadamb)
Authors: Rawat Shivani , Kumari Avni , Barman Pritam Kumar , Wani Afaq Majid
Published: November 2023

Neolamarckia cadamba is a widespread medium-sized deciduous forest tree over most of India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Twenty-half-sib progenies of kadamb (Neolamarckia cadamba) from various regions in Bihar, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh were sown in a glasshouse in 2022 in order to assess the genetic diversity using non-hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis. Significant variation was seen in the biomass and morphological traits of a few plus trees. Under greenhouse conditions, significant differences were seen in the growth parameters of plus tree progenies. Six clusters were formed from the twenty NPTs, according to the genetic divergence analysis. Clusters V and VI were found to have the greatest inter-cluster distance (5.530). The cluster (4.258) displayed the highest intra-cluster distance. As a result, there was a genetic divergence between clusters. Therefore, in order to obtain high-yielding genotypes in Neolamarckia cadamba, hybridization involving trees of clusters VI and V is advised. Collar diameter was a major factor in the creation of genetic diversity and contributed the most to the overall divergence. The superior plus trees of cluster V (NPT4, NPT5, NPT11, NPT12, NPT13, NPT17) and cluster VI (NPT18, NPT19, NPT20) may be taken into consideration as possible parents for a future tree improvement program in Neolamarckia cadamba due to their high cluster mean and large genetic distance.
Effect of Different Nutrient Management Practices on Crop Growth, Yield and Yield Attributes of Soybean (Glycine max L.) under Kymore Plateau and Satpura Hillsagro-Climatic Zone
Authors: Joshi Mansi , Sahu R. P. , Jamre Pratap Singh , Ahirwal Arvind , Prajapati Rajkumar , Kochale Priya , Gulaiya Shani , Sharma Abhishek
Published: November 2023

The field trial was conducted at Krishi Nagar Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India, during the kharif season of 2021. The field experiment consisted with 06 treatments and they were tested in randomized block design with 04 replications. The study revealed that maximum plant height (50.35 cm), branches per plant (5.74), effective root nodules (57), Leaf area index (4.90), dry weight plant-1(45.16 g),yields attributes parameters like seed per pod (57.74), pods per plant (2.91) as well as seed index (11.88), seed yield (1009 kg ha-1), stover yield (2087 kg ha-1)and HI (32.59%)of soybean was found higher under 100 % Organic NM followed by 25% Organic + NF inputs BJG +25% Inorganic NM.
Effect of Irrigation Scheduling and Fertility Management on Growth and Yield Parameters of Basmati Rice
Authors: Singh Sanskriti , Tyagi Vikash , Naresh R. K.
Published: November 2023

The data revealed that the potential effect of irrigation scheduling and fertilizer management on plant height, number of tillers, dry matter accumulation (g plant-1), leaf area index, panicle length, number of panicle, number of grains per panicle and 1000- grains weight, and yields of Basmati rice. The maximum plant height and numbers of tillers were recorded in IW/CPE 1.0 up to panicle initiation stage and thereafter IW/CPE 1.2 up to dough stage and 150% RDN: 5 equal splits at 15, 25, 35, 45 & 60 DAT at all the stages of crop growth, while the minimum plant height and numbers of tillers were observed with the application of IW/CPE 0.8 throughout the growth stage and 100% RDN: 4 equal splits at 15, 30, 45 & 60 DAT at all the growth stages. Similarly, the maximum dry matter accumulation (g plant-1) and leaf area index were recorded in IW/CPE 1.0 up to panicle initiation stage and thereafter IW/CPE 1.2 up to dough stage and 150% RDN: 5 equal splits at 15, 25, 35, 45 & 60 DAT and significantly superior over rest of the treatments, while the minimum dry matter accumulation (g plant-1) and leaf area index were weighted with IW/CPE 0.8 throughout the growth stage and 100% RDN: 4 equal splits at 15, 30, 45 & 60 DAT. Yield attributing characters like panicle length, number of pancle, number of grains per panicle and 1000- grains weight exhibited variations due to different irrigation and fertilizer management. With the application of IW/CPE 1.0 up to panicle initiation stage and thereafter IW/CPE 1.2 up to dough stage and 150% RDN: 5 equal splits at 15, 25, 35, 45 & 60 DAT highest mean panicle length, number of pancle, number of grains per panicle and 1000- grains weight was recorded. The highest grain yield, straw yield and biological yield was recorded in IW/CPE 1.0 upto panicle initiation stage and thereafter IW/CPE 1.2 upto dough stage and 150% RDN: 5 equal splits at 15, 25, 35, 45 & 60 DAT and the lowest grain yield, straw yield and biological yield was recorded in IW/CPE 0.8 throughout the growth stage and 100% RDN: 4 equal splits at 15, 30, 45 & 60 DAT.
Nurses Competencies in the Implementation of Programs in the Family Health Strategy: Integrative Review
Authors: Costa Henrique Almeida Assis , Oliveira Jefferson Carlos de , Salgueiro Marcia Maria Hernandes de Abreu de Oliveira , Reis Abraao Vergasta , Benites Katia Pires , Lima Roseane Pereira Jesus , Oliveira Normelia Santos , Cruz Erica Ramos de Santana da , Pitangueira Cássia Menaia França Carvalho , Andrade Carlos Jefferson do Nascimento
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The Family Health Strategy (ESF) was a significant change for Brazilian health policy, as it aims to reduce pressure in public hospitals through constant care with the patient who should go first in primary care, therefore, primary care began to serve as a gateway to the SUS practicing primary care activities and health promotion constantly.

Objective: To identify the main educational actions of nurses in the implementation of the Family Health Strategy Program.

Methods: This is an Integrative Review, conducted from August to November 2019, the study included publications of scientific articles, selected and published in the period from 2014 to 2018, available electronically in full text, in the languages Portuguese, English and Spanish in the said Databases Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library (SciELO), BDENF (Nursing Database), PUBMED (International Literature on Health Sciences). For the development of this review, the following steps were taken: establishment of the guiding question; selection of articles and inclusion criteria; extraction of the articles included in the review; evaluation of the included studies; interpretations of the results, and presentation of the integrative review. The critical reading of the studies that composed the sample was performed and, with the help of a form made by the researchers themselves, it was possible to extract the relevant information for the study, being validated by the researchers. Result: A total of 17 articles were part of this study. In the SciELO database, 06 articles were identified in LILACS identified 05 articles, in BDENF 5 articles were identified and in the PUBMED database 01 article was selected. The number of articles eligible for the survey was 07 articles.

Conclusion: Nursing within the fhs context is extremely important, they work with a focus on preventing the implementation of health education actions and home visits, are also responsible for working a link between health professionals and users of the Family Health Strategy, being an important link to ensure such approximation.
Factors in Parenting Stress in Young Patients With Breast Cancer and Implications for Children’s Emotional Development
Authors: Shin Yungil , Kim Harin , Lee Taeyeop , Kim Seonok , Lee Sae Byul , Kim Jisun , Chung Il Yong , Ko Beom Seok , Lee Jong Won , Son Byung Ho , Ahn Sei Hyun , Kim Hyo-Won , Kim Hee Jeong
Published: November 2023

Importance

The number of patients with breast cancer who have children is substantial. However, the emotional burden of this disease and its implication for childhood development remain largely unknown.

Objective

To investigate the clinical factors in parenting stress in mothers with breast cancer and the association of maternal depression and parenting stress with their children’s emotional development.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study involved a survey of females with stage 0 to 3 breast cancer and was conducted from June 2020 to April 2021 in Seoul, South Korea. Participants were aged 20 to 45 years and completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression–Revised scale and basic questionnaires on demographic and clinical characteristics. Participants with children completed the Korean Parenting Stress Index Short Form (K-PSI-SF), Child Behavior Checklist, Junior Temperament and Character Inventory, and Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire.

Exposure

Having children in patients with breast cancer.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between maternal depression and parenting stress.

Results

A total of 699 females (mean [SD] age, 39.6 [4.6] years) were included, of whom 499 had children (mean [SD] age of children, 8.0 [2.7] years). Depression was more common in patients with children (odds ratio [OR], 2.25; 95% CI, 1.01-5.05) and patients who had gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.15-2.44). Disease duration was inversely associated with depression (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.96). Cancer-related factors were not associated with the K-PSI-SF score. Having children aged 6 years or older (β = 3.09; 95% CI, 0.19-5.99); being the sole primary caregiver (β = −3.43; 95% CI, −5.87 to −0.99); and reporting certain temperament (eg, novelty seeking: β = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.46-0.71), emotional problems (eg, anxious/depressed: β = 8.09; 95% CI, 3.34-12.83), and sleeping pattern (eg, bedtime resistance: β = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.15-0.99) subscale scores in their children were associated with parenting stress. Depression and parenting stress were correlated (β = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.45-0.66; P < .001). The emotional challenges encountered by children of mothers with breast cancer were not significantly different from reference values.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that in patients with breast cancer, child-related factors and depression were significantly associated with parenting stress, but breast cancer–related factors were not correlated. The findings suggest that mothers with breast cancer are susceptible to both depression and parenting stress and that tailored counseling and support are needed.
Composite Indicators
Authors: Maggino Filomena
Published: November 2023

The process of synthesizing indicators can be faced through two different approaches, aggregative‐compensative and nonaggregative. Composite indicators can be included in the former approach.
Data Analytics for Organizational Development Workforce Analytics
Authors: Kaufmann Uwe H. , Tan Amy B.C.
Published: November 2023

The escalating war for talent has reached an unprecedented level of intensity, fueled by decreasing employees' tenure within organizations. In this fiercely competitive landscape, organizations recognize that harnessing human talent is crucial for gaining a sustainable edge. Consequently, business leaders are increasingly interested in leveraging data to attract, motivate, develop, and retain top talent. Workforce analytics has emerged as a powerful tool for effectively managing the workforce and shaping future business strategies. By utilizing data‐driven insights, organizations can optimize their talent management practices, resulting in improved performance and enhanced competitiveness. Moreover, adoption of workforce analytics not only yields positive implications for the organization but also enhances the credibility of the human resource (HR) function. This article explores the expanding application of workforce analytics, including workforce planning, predictive analytics, and the integration with customer surveys and highlights its impact on organizational development. By embracing data‐driven decision‐making, HR professionals can elevate their roles and contribute significantly to the success of their organizations.
The Mean, Mode, Standard Deviation, and Their Mutual Relationships
Authors: Shore Haim
Published: November 2023

The mean, mode, and standard deviation are common currency, known to all. What is less known are some peculiar relationships among them that are hard to explain intuitively. In this article, we expound on these relationships, granting them some sense in practical terms.
Asymptotic Normality and the Coefficient of Variation
Authors: Shore Haim
Published: November 2023

It is common to assume that if skewness tends, under specified circumstance, to zero, the allied distribution tends to normality. In some recent published research work, it was empirically demonstrated (via real data and a sample of theoretical distributions) that skewness and the coefficient of variation are statistically positively linearly related. This result is not intuitive and not yet mathematically proved. We explore here the scope and prevalence of this phenomenon, relating to both known theoretical results and to published data‐based examples for applying a normalizing exponential transformation. Conclusions are derived.
Development of non‐contact foreign body imaging base on photoacoustic signal intensity measurement
Authors: Setiawan Andreas , Huang Chia‐Yi , Mitrayana Mitrayana
Published: November 2023

Background

It is challenging to visually identify tiny and concealed foreign objects within the body due to their small size and subcutaneous location while they can cause infections.

Methods

A non‐contact photoacoustic system based on Rosencwaig‐Gersho photoacoustic theory and dual modulator method is developed for detecting foreign objects in meat.

Result

The experiments conducted validate the successful development of this measurement technique with 10 μm spatial resolution and its corresponding mathematical model, demonstrating an 11% Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) in comparison to the experimental results. Dual modulator successfully regulates laser energy at MPE limit.

Conclusion

The utilization of non‐contact photoacoustic signal intensity measurements enables the identification of foreign objects within the body. Further, the application of mathematical modelling can validate the measurement outcomes. These findings serve as a foundation for creating an affordable and straightforward foreign body detector.
Transmission Electron Microscopy Characterizations of Local Amorphization of Single Crystal Silicon by Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Direct Writing
Authors: Trinh Lanh , Wang Xinya , Zhang Xiang , Hosseini-Zavareh Sajed , Mao Aofei , Yu Xiaoming , Lei Shuting , Cui Bai
Published: November 2023

The concept for fabrication of waveguides by an in‐volume laser direct writing in single‐crystal silicon is explored using a nanosecond pulse laser. The key innovation of this technology relies on the generation of amorphous silicon, which has a higher refractive index than that of crystalline silicon. Herein, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) together with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and high‐resolution TEM (HRTEM) characterizations are used to better understand the microstructural evolutions. TEM images reveal the core‐shell structures, while SAED patterns and HRTEM directly observe the presence of amorphous silicon in the core surrounded by a crystalline silicon shell. With a lower laser scanning speed, a higher density of defects yet less amorphous silicon is formed by laser direct writing.
Revealing Unusual Bandgap Shifts with Temperature and Bandgap Renormalization Effect in Phase‐Stabilized Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films
Authors: Zhang Haochen , Bi Zhixuan , Zhai Zehua , Gao Han , Liu Yuwei , Jin Meiling , Ye Meng , Li Xuanzhang , Liu Haowen , Zhang Yuegang , Li Xiang , Tan Hairen , Xu Yong , Yang Luyi
Published: November 2023

Hybrid organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites are emerging materials in photovoltaics, whose bandgap is one of the most crucial parameters governing their light‐harvesting performance. This work presents the temperature and photocarrier density dependence of the bandgap in two phase‐stabilized perovskite thin films (MA0.3FA0.7PbI3 and MA0.3FA0.7Pb0.5Sn0.5I3) using photoluminescence and absorption spectroscopy. Contrasting bandgap shifts with temperature are observed between the two perovskites. Using X‐ray diffraction and in situ high‐pressure photoluminescence spectroscopy, it is shown that thermal expansion plays only a minor role in the large bandgap blueshift, which is attributed to the enhanced structural stability of the samples. The first‐principles calculations further demonstrate the significant impact of thermally induced lattice distortions on the bandgap widening. It is proposed that the anomalous trends are caused by the competition between static and dynamic distortions. Additionally, both the bandgap renormalization and band‐filling effects are directly observed for the first time in fluence‐dependent photoluminescence measurements and are employed to estimate the exciton effective mass. The results provide new insights into the basic understanding of thermal and charge‐accumulation effects on the band structure of hybrid perovskite thin films.
A Hydrophobic and Zincophilic Interfacial Nanofilm as a Protective Layer for Stable Zn Anodes
Authors: Duan Fengxue , Yin Xiuxiu , Ba Junjie , Li Junpeng , Yu Yue , Wang Chunyu , Wei Yingjin , Wang Yizhan
Published: November 2023

The Zn metal anode has emerged as a promising contender for aqueous batteries. However, challenges such as H2 evolution and Zn dendrite formation have hindered the attainment of satisfactory cycling longevity. In this context, a hydrophobic and zincophilic interfacial nanofilm (HZF) is successfully developed and demonstrated as a protective layer for stabilizing Zn anodes. The HZF nanofilm, characterized by its uniformly distributed zincophilic groups, actively participates in the interfacial solvated structure of Zn2+ ions, thereby modulating the uniform deposition of Zn2+ flux onto Zn anodes and curtailing the deprotonation of solvated water molecules. Concurrently, the exposed hydrophobic surfactant within the nanofilm effectively acts as a barrier, preventing direct contact between water and the Zn anode. As a result, the Zn anode coated with the HZF nanofilm achieves stable and reversible Zn plating/stripping behavior. This is evidenced by the extended cycling lifespan of over 300 h at a discharge capacity of 10 mAh cm−2, with a deep discharge of 67% Zn utilization.
All‐in‐one Biomass‐Based Flexible Supercapacitors with High Rate Performance and High Energy Density
Authors: Liu Bei , Ye Yong , Yang Mei , Liu Yijiang , Chen Hongbiao , Li Huaming , Fang Wenhui , Qiu Jieshan
Published: November 2023

Taking advantage of the unique structure and properties of gramineous straw that are available across the world in a yearly scale of several hundred million tons, a strategy to design and fabricate flexible high‐performance supercapacitors (SCs) is developed, of which the key components including electrode, separator, and electrolyte are all made from the eulaliopsis binata (EB), a ubiquitous gramineous straw. This kind of all‐in‐one biomass‐based flexible supercapacitors (BFSs) is first proposed, with the cuticle‐derived fibers (EBMs) as a separator, the pith‐derived carbon sponges (EBCs) as an electrode, and the sodium salts of the extracted carboxymethyl cellulose as gel electrolyte. The EBM with uniform diameter size, developed porosity, and abundant ‐OH/‐COOH groups have good flexibility, wettability, and ionic conductivity, far exceeding those of commercial glass‐fiber separators. The EBC has a high level of N/O/S co‐doping and hierarchical porous structure, resulting in enhanced ion accessibility and supercapacitance. With these advantages, the as‐fabricated BFS has shown ultra‐high‐rate performance, high energy density, and excellent flexibility, surpassing the biomass‐derived flexible supercapacitors reported thus far. This novel approach will shed light on the value‐added utilization of biomass from the viewpoint of molecular chemical engineering and product engineering and pave the way for fabricating flexible high‐performance SCs and beyond.
Asymmetric Triple‐Functional Janus Membrane for Blood Oxygenation
Authors: Zhao Zhenyi , Gao Wenqing , Chang Yun , Yang Yue , Shen Hechen , Li Tong , Zhao Song
Published: November 2023

The oxygenation membrane, a core material of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), is facing challenges in balancing anti‐plasma leakage, gas exchange efficiency, and hemocompatibility. Here, inspired by the asymmetric structural features of alveolus pulmonalis, a novel triple‐functional membrane for blood oxygenation with a Janus architecture is proposed, which is composed of a hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer to prevent plasma leakage, an ultrathin polyamide layer to enhance gas exchange efficiency with a CO2:O2 permeance ratio of ≈10.7, and a hydrophilic polyzwitterionic layer to improve the hemocompatibility. During the simulated ECMO process, the Janus oxygenation membrane exhibits excellent performance in terms of thrombus formation and plasma leakage prevention, as well as adequate O2 transfer rate (17.8 mL min−1 m−2) and CO2 transfer rate (70.1 mL min−1 m−2), in comparison to the reported oxygenation membranes. This work presents novel concepts for the advancement of oxygenation membranes and demonstrates the application potential of the asymmetric triple‐functional Janus oxygenation membrane in ECMO.
Biomimetic Structure Hydrogel Loaded with Long‐Term Storage Platelet‐Rich Plasma in Diabetic Wound Repair
Authors: Ding Neng , Fu Xinxin , Gui Qixiang , Wu Minjuan , Niu Zhongpu , Du Antong , Liu Jinyue , Wu Haimei , Wang Yue , Yue Xuezheng , Zhu Lie
Published: November 2023

Exploring the preparation of multifunctional hydrogels from a bionic perspective is an appealing strategy. Here, a multifunctional hydrogel dressing inspired by the characteristics of porous extracellular matrix produced during Acomys wound healing is prepared. These dressings are printed by digital light processing printing of hydrogels composed of gelatin methacrylate, hyaluronic acid methacrylate, and pretreated platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) to shape out triply periodic minimal surface structures, which are freeze‐dried for long‐term storage. These dressings mimic the porous extracellular matrix of Acomys, while the freeze‐drying technique effectively extends the storage duration of PRP viability. Through in vivo and in vitro experiments, the biomimetic dressings developed in this study modulate cell behavior and facilitate wound healing. Consequently, this research offers a novel approach for the advancement of regenerative wound dressings.
Light Management of Metal Halide Scintillators for High‐Resolution X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Xu Xiuwen , Xie Yue‐Min , Shi Huaiyao , Wang Yongquan , Zhu Xianjun , Li Bing‐Xiang , Liu Shujuan , Chen Bing , Zhao Qiang
Published: November 2023

The ever‐growing need to inspect matter with hyperfine structures requires a revolution in current scintillation detectors, and the innovation of scintillators is revived with luminescent metal halides entering the scene. Notably, for any scintillator, two fundamental issues arise: Which kind of material is suitable and in what form should the material exist? The answer to the former question involves the sequence of certain atoms into specific crystal structures that facilitate the conversion of X‐ray into light, whereas the answer to the latter involves assembling these crystallites into particular material forms that can guide light propagation toward its corresponding pixel detector. Despite their equal importance, efforts are overwhelmingly devoted to improving the X‐ray‐to‐light conversion, while the material‐form‐associated light propagation, which determines the optical signal collected for X‐ray imaging, is largely overlooked. This perspective critically correlates the reported spatial resolution with the light‐propagation behavior in each form of metal halides, combing the designing rules for their future development.
Super‐Structured Wet‐Adhesive Hydrogel with Ultralow Swelling, Ultrahigh Burst Pressure Tolerance, and Anti‐Postoperative Adhesion Properties for Tissue Adhesion
Authors: Ma Pengwei , Liang Weiwen , Huang Rongkang , Zheng Bingna , Feng Kangni , He Wenyi , Huang Zeping , Shen Huiyong , Wang Hui , Wu Dingcai
Published: November 2023

Wet‐adhesive hydrogels have been developed as an attractive strategy for tissue repair. However, achieving simultaneously low swelling and high burst pressure tolerance of wet‐adhesive hydrogels is crucial for in vivo application which remains challenges. Herein, a novel super‐structured porous hydrogel (denoted as PVA/PAAc‐N+) is designed via facile moisture‐induced phase separation‐solvent exchange process for obtaining porous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel as dissipative layer and in situ photocuring technology for entangling quaternary ammonium‐functionalized poly(acrylic acid)‐based wet‐adhesive layer (PAAc‐N+) with the porous surface of PVA layer. Benefitting from the ionic crosslinking between quaternary ammonium ions and carboxylate ions in PAAc‐N+ wet‐adhesive layer as well as the high crystallinity induced by abundant hydrogen bonds of PVA layer, the hydrogel has unique ultralow swelling property (0.29) without sacrificing adhesion strength (63.1 kPa). The porous structure of PVA facilitates the mechanical interlock at the interface between PAAc‐N+ wet‐adhesive layer and tough PVA dissipative layer, leading to the ultrahigh burst pressure tolerance up to 493 mm Hg and effective repair for porcine heart rupture; the PVA layer surface of PVA/PAAc‐N+ hydrogel can prevent postoperative adhesion. By integrating ultralow swelling, ultrahigh burst pressure tolerance, and anti‐postoperative adhesion properties, PVA/PAAc‐N+ hydrogel shows an appealing application prospect for tissue repair.
Self‐Powered Wide‐Narrow Bandgap‐Laminated Perovskite Photodetector with Bipolar Photoresponse for Secure Optical Communication
Authors: Cheng Wenjie , Wu Shaolong , Lu Jiayu , Li Guoyi , Li Shenghong , Tian Wei , Li Liang
Published: November 2023

Perovskite photodetectors with bipolar photoresponse characteristics are expected to be applied in the field of secure optical communication (SOC). However, how to realize the perovskite photodetector with bipolar response remains challenging. Herein, by introducing bismuth iodide (BiI3) into Sn‐Pb mixed perovskite precursor solution, 2D perovskite FA3Bi2I9 is spontaneously formed at the bottom to realize a wide‐narrow bandgap‐laminated perovskite film. Wavelength‐dependent bipolar response is realized based on the absorption difference of the photoactive region with different bandgap combined with the carrier competition of the homotypic transport layer adopted in the as‐fabricated photodetector. Under the visible/near‐infrared (NIR) light irradiation, the bottom/top of the film generates a higher carrier concentration, where electrons are easier to be separated and transported by the SnO2/PC61BM to the bottom/top electrodes, respectively, resulting in a negative and positive bipolar response. Finally, based on positive NIR signal as the effective signal and negative visible signal as the interference signal, the SOC system is realized, where the positive NIR signal is well hidden by the negative visible signal. This work provides a simple and feasible strategy for fabrication of laminated perovskite films to achieve bipolar response.
2D Hierarchical Microbarcodes with Expanded Storage Capacity for Optical Multiplex and Information Encryption
Authors: Xie Yujie , Tong Zaizai , Xia Tianlai , Worch Joshua C. , Rho Julia Y. , Dove Andrew P. , O'Reilly Rachel K.
Published: November 2023

The design of nanosegregated fluorescent tags/barcodes by geometrical patterning with precise dimensions and hierarchies could integrate multilevel optical information within one carrier and enhance microsized barcoding techniques for ultrahigh‐density optical data storage and encryption. However, precise control of the spatial distribution in micro/nanosized matrices intrinsically limits the accessible barcoding applications in terms of material design and construction. Here, crystallization forces are leveraged to enable a rapid, programmable molecular packing and rapid epitaxial growth of fluorescent units in 2D via crystallization‐driven self‐assembly. The fluorescence encoding density, scalability, information storage capacity, and decoding techniques of the robust 2D polymeric barcoding platform are explored systematically. These results provide both a theoretical and an experimental foundation for expanding the fluorescence storage capacity, which is a longstanding challenge in state‐of‐the‐art microbarcoding techniques and establish a generalized and adaptable coding platform for high‐throughput analysis and optical multiplexing.
Nearly Ideal Transparency with Artificially Designed Meta‐Atoms
Authors: Wang Chun , Hu Xiaojun , Peng Liang , Tang Jingxin , Ran Lixin , Zhang Shuang , Ye Dexin
Published: November 2023

The ideal electromagnetic transparency refers to the ability of an object to remain scatteringless to any incoming waves, resulting in vacuum invisibility. However, natural solid substances can hardly be transparent in free space as they are responsive to external polarizations. Completely eliminating the polarization effect of an obstacle under arbitrary field illumination is a long‐standing scientific challenge. Here, it is shown that a subwavelength meta‐atom can be nearly ideally transparent in the vacuum. The overall vacuum‐like property of the meta‐atom is achieved through judiciously designing its internal polarization and magnetization. Remarkably, any large‐scale objects made by stacking the meta‐atoms inherit the vacuum‐like property and are scatteringless in free space. By both the simulations and experiments, the meta‐atom's peculiar property is reasonably verified. The proposed meta‐atoms are excellent candidates for a wide range of applications, such as perfect radar radomes, scatteringless walls, filtering devices, and self‐stealth materials.
Experimental Realization of Monolayer α‐Tellurene
Authors: Huang Xiaochun , Xiong Rui , Hao Chunxue , Li Wenbin , Sa Baisheng , Wiebe Jens , Wiesendanger Roland
Published: November 2023

2D materials emerge as a versatile platform for developing next‐generation devices. The experimental realization of novel artificial 2D atomic crystals, which does not have bulk counterparts in nature, is still challenging and always requires new physical or chemical processes. Monolayer α‐tellurene is predicted to be a stable 2D allotrope of tellurium (Te), which has great potential for applications in high‐performance field‐effect transistors. However, the synthesis of monolayer α‐tellurene remains elusive because of its complex lattice configuration, in which the Te atoms are stacked in tri‐layers in an octahedral fashion. Here, a self‐assemble approach, using three atom‐long Te chains derived from the dynamic non‐equilibrium growth of an a‐Si:Te alloy as building blocks, is reported for the epitaxial growth of monolayer α‐tellurene on a Sb2Te3 substrate. By combining scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy with density functional theory calculations, the surface morphology and electronic structure of monolayer α‐tellurene are revealed and the underlying growth mechanism is determined. The successful synthesis of monolayer α‐tellurene opens up the possibility for the application of this new single‐element 2D material in advanced electronic devices.