bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of p- NiO:Li thin films as schottky photodiode
Authors: Ali Liqaa S , Shehab Aliyah A , Abd Ahmed N
Published: July 2019

Nickel oxide was prepared using the chemical method. Li-doped NiO thin films with concentrations (0.04) was deposited on glass substrate using drop casting technique with thickness 150nm, and then the annealing at 300 ° C for 60 sec. The effect of the lithium doping on the structural and optical properties of Li: NiO films were examined. The structure of the prepared films were described by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The results of X-ray pattern showed the NiO and Li: NiO films to have a polycrystalline structure of a cubic type and preferred orientation (111). (AFM) data indicated that the structure was nanoscale and surface of the films is highly smooth. The study of optical properties included the transmittance spectrum of the prepared films of the wavelengths of (300-900) nm, It was found that the transmittance of pure nickel oxide is 79% in the visible area after doping by Li The transmittance decreases and the absorption increases. The energy gap was also calculated and found to be decreasing by increasing the doping concentration. Other important optical properties of the absorption coefficient and extinction coefficient were calculated. The electrical properties of the prepared films were studied, It was found that the concentration of the carriers increases with increasing doping concentration and mobility decreases. The thin films were deposited on a substrate of FTO to make of schottky diode. The characteristics of I-V, C-V were studied. A solar cell was found the efficiency of the cell was increased by doping.
An Investigation of the Effect of Time Exposure of Nonthermal Plasma on the Optical Properties of CdO Thin Film Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Saleem A Hussain , Noor H A , Ali A H
Published: July 2019

The optical properties of pure (CdO) films have been studied through the measuring of the absorbance spectrum and transmittance spectrum using (UV-VIS) spectrometer within the range of wavelengths (310-1100) nm, and the results showed that the electronic transitions of pure (CdO) films prepared have allowed direct transition type, and the optical energy gap type was identified and was direct energy gap and it was found that the value of the energy gap decreases when the deposition time increases by using (Nd:YAG) laser, and it was also found that the energy gap decreases by the increase of the exposure time to non-thermal plasma. It was observed that the increase of laser deposition time leads to the decrease of the absorbance before the exposure to non-thermal plasma, but the absorbance increases by the increase of the exposure to non-thermal plasma. Absorption Coefficient was also calculated and its value was higher than (α > 104 cm-1) in the high absorption region.
Investigation of uranium concentrations in selected soil samples of Al-Diwaniyah governorate, Iraq using CR-39 detector
Authors: Al-Gharabi Majied G. , Al-Hamzawi Anees A.
Published: July 2019

In the present investigation, neutron activation technique for nuclear track detectors CR-39 has been applied to determine the uranium concentration in selected soil samples collected from different areas residential, industrial and agricultural of Al-Diwaniyah governorate southern Iraq, with various depths of soil (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm), respectively. The results show that the uranium contents in soil samples ranged from 3.66 ± 0.13 ppm to 0.71 ± 0.16 ppm, with an average value of 2.1 ± 0.12 ppm. Results of this work showed a decrease of uranium concentration with increased depth of soil. The results were compared with the published data and they were found to be within the safety levels.
Impact of Al-Rasheed Power Plant Effluents on Phytoplankton Biodiversity in Tigris River, Southern Baghdad
Authors: Nashaat Muhanned R , Merhoon Khitam A , Salman Suad K , Abbas Enaam K , Ali Eman H
Published: July 2019

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of Al-Rasheed Power Plant(RPP) effluents on biodiversity of phytoplankton. Samples were collected monthly from January to December 2012, at four sites that were selected on the Tigris River at Baghdad Province. Site 1 was located at the up of RPP, sites 3,4 were located at the down of RPP, while site 2 was located near RPP. The results shown that the total number of the phytoplankton range from 51.7 - 9146.89 cell * 103/L, which was recorded at site1 and 3, respectively, with average range from1486.68-2053.27 which was recorded at site 1and 4, respectively. According to the relative abundance index all species where rare, exceptCyclotellasp. were less abundant species. The Species richness, Shannon Winner and uniformity index values were ranging from 3.71-21.12, 0.3-3.28 bit/Ind. and 0.13 -0.71 at site 2 and 3 respectively, whereas the average value for same index was from 12.42-15.15 at 2 and 1 site; 1.93- 2.34bit/Ind. at 2 and 3 site, and 0.52-0.62 at 2and 4 site, respectively. Generally the result showed a negative effect of thermal effluent on biodiversity and phytoplankton community. Also, the water of Tigris River was considered a poor diversity and polluted especially at site 2.
Effect of bee venom on some blood and biochemical parameters in formaldehyde induced arthritis male rats in comparison with prednisolone drug
Authors: Mohammed Zainab I. , Hassan Ahmed J.
Published: July 2019

Background Bee venom(BV) has been used to treat and reduce chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis(RA), pain, skin diseases and to treat cancerous tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bee venom on some blood and biochemical parameters in male albino rats with Arthritis and compare it with prednisolone drug.

Materials & methods: (42) mature male albino rats (135-150) gm, divided into (7) groups, (6) male rats for each group. The experiment was continued for (14) days and included: the first group (negative control) was injected by (0.1ml/animal) from physiological normal saline (0.9% Nacl),the second group(Arthritis group) was injected by (0.1ml/animal) formaldehyde, the third group (normal group) was injected by bee venom(i.p) (1mg / kg of B.W), the fourth group (normal group) was treated orally with prednisolone (5mg / kg of B.W), the fifth group (Arthritis group) was injected by bee venom(i.p) (1mg / kg of B.W), the sixth group (Arthritis group) was treated orally by prednisolone (5 mg / kg of B.W) and seventh group (Arthritis group) was injected by bee venom (1 mg/ kg of B.W) and treated orally with prednisolone (5mg / kg of B.W).

Results: Our results showed that 2nd group (Arthritis) significantly increased (p≤ 0.05) in the number of WBCs and platelets compared with control group, while the 3rd and 4th groups showed a significant decrease in WBCs and PLT compared with 2nd group. The 5th, 6th and 7th groups showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the number of WBCs and platelets compared with 2nd group. On the other hand, the present study demonstrated a significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in RBCs, hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) in the 2nd group (Arthritis group) compared with control group, while the 3rd and 4th groups showed a significant increase in RBCs, Hb and HCT compared with 2nd group. The 5th, 6th and 7th groups showed increase (p≤ 0.05) in RBCs, Hb and HCT compared with 2nd group. The results showed also, a significant increase in levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and a significant decrease in HDL level in 2nd group compared with control group, while 3rd,4th, 5th, 6th and 7th groups showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and a significant increase in HDL level compared with 2nd group.

Conclusion: We conclude from the present study that bee venom attenuates development of Arthritis by improving some Blood and Biochemical parameters.
Environmental monitoring of the Shatt Al-Diwaniyah River water quality using GSM wireless remote sensing technology (WSN)
Authors: Mahmoud Falih-Al-Khalidi Ahmed , Kadhim Abed Al-Asady Raid
Published: July 2019

This study used wireless remote sensing (WSN) technology to monitor river water in the city of Diwaniyah (Iraq). This technique helps to monitor the water quality of the river using the sensors submerged in water to conserve water resources within a specified standard for local use and the ability to take the necessary measures to restore the health of the body. The eight-month study period included four stations in the Shatt al-Diwaniyah River. Eight environmental factors were observed: water temperature, (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), light penetration and chlorophyll a through wireless sensors. The results of the present study showed that the characteristics of the water quality of the Shatt al-Diwaniyah River were compatible with Iraqi drinking water standards except turbidity and electrical conductivityThe results showed that wireless remote sensing technology in river water monitoring can be considered as an alternative to the traditional manual method used by specialists to monitor river water as a means of shortening effort and time as well as continuous and constant monitoring systems.
Molecular investigation of Mecgene Among coagulase negative Staphylococcus isolated from different cases
Authors: Omran Aqeel Shanan , Hussein Azhar Noory
Published: July 2019

This study is aimed on investigating the coagulase negative Staphylococci (CONs) in human infections and mecA gene, that is responsible for some virulence factors. One hindered and fifty specimens were collected from different infection case theories, from the period February to June 2018, at AL – Diwanyiah Teaching Hospital. The specimens included urine, ear swab, vaginal swab, pus, wound swab, skin carrier, nasal, nipple, stool and tracheal. The specimens were cultured on blood agar and mannitol salt agar. identification was depended on gram stained and biochemical tests. Then final identification with APi staph system. Thirty three isolates identified coagulase negative staphylococci (CONs) which included S.lentus and S.xylosus. Twenty isolates were highly resistant to methicillin, oxacillin and cefoxitin. The PCR were used to detected the mecA gene. The results showed that 20 isolates had mecA gene. Some virulence factors of CONs were detected including hemolysin- determined in 8 isolates, urease producing - determined in 13 isolates.
Microsatellite instability detectable for Lung cancer Prognosis
Authors: Alzeyadi Mohammad , Rabeea Haneen
Published: July 2019

Undoubtedly the accurate and fast diagnosis in early stages of lung cancer It is very important to give patients a chance to give them the best treatment possible, but this is not an easy process. There are several reasons that increase complexity and difficulty when we need to consider the fitness of the patient which itself may effect of the diagnostic of disease and treatment, so may require a change to the course of treatment or/and diagnostic pathway. In this study we will mention some a new and latest strategies for diagnosis, prevention and treatment such as molecular techniques by microsatellite markers and others to reduce the severity of the cancer and on the other hand increased treatment efficiency
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Protamine 1 and Protamine 2 genes in fertile and infertile for men of Al-Najaf City
Authors: Zeyadi Mohammad Al , Al-Sallami Alaauldeen S.M. , Albaldawy Mustafa T.
Published: July 2019

Around 15% of the couples on the planet confront failure in the primary involvement in pregnancy. These issues in these couples can be explained as infertility. The objective of the study was to determination relationship among polymorphisms Protamin1 (G197T) and Protamine2 (C248T) were studied in three groups (Teratozoospermia n=37, infertile normozoospermia n=34 compare with fertile normozoospermia 17=0).Methods:Samples were collected at the Fertility Center Laboratories in Sadr Medical City. Analysis of SNPs was performed for PRM1 and PRM2 by using restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).Results:The result showed Three types of polymorphism occur in both PRM1 (G197, G197T and G/T197) and PRM2 (C248, C248TandC/T248) genes found in all our patients. Inconclusionthe results are consistent with some previous studies and indicating that all our tested with SNPs was associated with teratospermia and normospermia as idiopatic male infertility in Iraqi population, which can find a genetically engineered solution in the future.
Protonation, geometry, charge, and partitioning properties of several prepared heterocyclic derivatives
Authors: Marouf Al-Azzawi Ahlam , Khalaf Hammud Kafa
Published: July 2019

Several heterocyclic derivatives were evaluated experimentally to determine their physical properties and antimicrobial activity. Then these compounds were tested with Marvinsketch program to determine their protonation, geometry, charge, and partitioning. Partitioning characters (log P and log D at pI) were calculated by Consensus and Chemaxon methods while HLB was with Chemaxon and Davies methods. For example, the derivatives of EDTA based structure showed that isoelectric point (pI) did not affected by the presence of negative charge compared with its zero charge. As is expected, negative charge, presence of sulfur atoms, and type of heterocyclic moiety had a good influence on HLB values. The obtained results confirmed high harmonization between the experimental and computerized calculations especially when several of them where tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans.
Synthesis, Spectral Properties And Anticancer Studies of Novel Hetrocyclic Azo Dye Ligand Derived From 2-Amino-5-methyl thiazole with Some Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Al-adilee K J , Hessoon H M
Published: July 2019

This research included preparation of the thiazolyl azo ligand 2-[2-- (5-Methyl thiazolyl)azo]-4-Ethoxy phenol (MeTAEP) and their metal complexes which was prepared by coupling of diazonium salt produced from diazonited 2-amino-5-methyl thiazole and 4-Ethoxy phenol, New series of chelate complexes of Cu(II), Ag(I) and Au(III) metal ions were also prepared by mixing solution of metal salts with solution of ligand at mole ratio[ M:L] [1:2] for Cu(II) and [1:1] for Ag(I) and Au(III) metal ions. The synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, molar conductance measurments, magnetic susceptibility, Mass spectrum, 1H- NMR,13C- NMR, FTIR, UV-Visb., (TGA), FESEM and X-ray diffraction studies. The biological activity of thiazolyl azo dye ligand and its complexes were tested against the sensitive organisms Escherichia coli (gram negative), streptococcus (gram positive) as antibacterial and Aspergillus Niger and Penicillium. sp as antifungal, The anticancer activity of the(MeTAEP), Ag(I) and Au(III) complexes were screened for in vitro; antitumor activity against human breast cancer.
Soft M-Ideals and Soft S-Ideals in Soft S-Algebras
Authors: Mahmood Khalil Shuker , Adnan Abdul-Ghani Samaher
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we first introduce and discuss new classes of ideals in − d algebra like M Ideals and S Ideals. Also, we introduce new classes of soft algebras they are called soft S algebras. Next, we use our new connotations to introduce and investigate new concepts in soft S − algebras like soft M − Ideals and soft S − Ideals. In this work, we prove that every S − Ideal is M − Ideal. Moreover, we show that it is not necessary every M − Ideal of ℑ is S − Ideal of ℑ by a counterexample. Also, some properties of our connotations are given.
Other new types of Mappings with Strongly Closed Graphs in Topological spaces via e-θ and δ-β-θ-open sets
Authors: Jumaili Alaa. M. F. AL. , Mohammed Abed Majid , Ghazi Al-sharqi Faisal
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and investigate a new types of mappings with Strongly Closed Graphs in Topological spaces namely strongly e-θ-(resp. δ-βθ)-Closed Graphs by using the concepts of e-θ-(resp. δ-βθ)-open sets and e-θ-(resp. δ-βθ)-closure operator which were introduced by Murad ÄOzkoc and GÄulhan Aslim [1] (resp. Alaa. M. F, and Xiao-Song Yang [2]), several characterizations and fundamental properties concerning of such these mappings have been studied. Furthermore, some characterizations of strongly e-θ-(δ-βθ)-Closed Graphs and nearly Φ-compact spaces have been obtained.
Monotonicity and topologically group on fuzzy topographic topological mappings
Authors: Kadhem H H , Ahmad T
Published: July 2019

The mathematical model Fuzzy Topographic Topological Mapping (FTTM) was developed to solve the neuromagnetic inverse problem during a seizure for determining the location of epileptic foci. The aim of this paper is to investigate various properties for the components and mappings of FTTM. As a result, various kinds of monotonicity have been assured for its mappings. Furthermore, each component of FTTM was demonstrated as a topological group, unicoherent and indecomposable.
Subordination for certain analytic multivalent functions defined by using differential operator
Authors: Odeh Z. , Jassim K.A.
Published: July 2019

In this paper we define Differential operator for certain analytic multivalent functions in the open unit disk U. Two subclasses Sp,δ
(|b|, β) and Tp,δ
(|b|, β) of f(z) are introduce. The object of the present paper is to discuss some sufficient conditions for f(z) to be in the classes Sp,δ,k
(|b|, β) and Tp
,δ,k(|b|, β) by using the concept of subordination.
Determination of the correlation dimension of an attractor in a pipe based on the theory of stochastic equations and equivalence of measures
Authors: Dmitrenko A V
Published: July 2019

Scientific discovery of the physical law of the equivalence of measures and the system of the stochastic equations for the determination onset of turbulence in isothermal and non-isothermal flows has created the new way in stochastic theory of turbulence. It was shown that derived new formulas for critical Reynolds numbers and critical point, for the velocity and temperature profiles, for the second-order correlation, heat transfer and friction coefficients give satisfactory agreement with the classical experimental data for these flow characteristics.Using these new dependences the new formula and result of calculation of the correlation dimension of the attractor for the flow in the tube are presented.
On Functional Formulation of the Statistical Theory of Homogeneous Turbulence and the Method of Skeleton Feynman Diagrams
Authors: Teodorovich E V
Published: July 2019

The formalism of characteristic functional is applied for statistical description of a random velocity field obeyed the Navier-Stokes equations in the presence of regular and random external forces. The equation in functional derivatives for characteristic functional was obtained with the help a representation of characteristic functional in the form of functional integral over two fields From this equation one can get equations for various characteristics of velocity field such as the variance of velocity pulsations or for a mean response of the velocity field to external forcing (Green’s function). In the analyses of the solution structures it was used the method of skeleton Feynman diagrams followed directly from the functional formulation of the theory without referring to commonly used perturbation theory methods.
Modified Godunov Method for Multicomponent Flow Simulation
Authors: Borisov V E , Rykov Yu G
Published: July 2019

The paper deals with the elaboration of the algorithm for multicomponent gas flows simulation in the presence of strong shock waves. In order to deal with strong shock wave properly the exact Riemann solver for multicomponent flow and non-perfect gases is used. Standard finite volume Godunov-type scheme gives the effect of numerical pressure oscillations on a contact discontinuity. In order to fix the situation the convenient modification of double flux method is described and tested. The simplicity and robustness of the method render it as good candidate for the realization in multi-D algorithms.
Development and testing of non-viscid solver based on UST3D programming code
Authors: Kryuchkova A S
Published: July 2019

Non-viscous versions of UST3D code elaborated in Laboratory of Radiative Gas Dynamics of Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics were developed to testify the numerical method validity. Two numerical cases were examined to determine solution discrepancy between non-viscous and original algorithmes. The first case consisted in computational modeling of a flow over blunted cylinder-flare configuration under zero and non-zero angles of attack. The second case represented hypersonic flow over standard HB-2 ballistic model under angle of attack. Agreement of numerical results obtained with non-viscous solver and the original code was observed. These results approve the possibility of UST3D application for non-viscous problems.
Gas dynamic process formation in reflected shock tunnels and its validation purposes by hypersonic aerodynamic shock tube example
Authors: Kotov M A , Ruleva L B , Solodovnikov S I , Surzhikov S T
Published: July 2019

The work for ensure the possibility of validation results for numerical simulation of gas-dynamic processes in a wide range with the use of modern techniques and certified measuring instruments are continued at the hypersonic aerodynamic shock tube facility. The method of precise experimental determination of the dynamic pressure at the critical section of the nozzle was tested. The results of calculations of the pressure field behind the section of the regular and elongated nozzles are validated. Measurements of the stagnation pressure before the nozzle were obtained experimentally.
Turbulent diffusion driven by transport of reaction products momentum from active to passive medium
Authors: Yu Mikulin A , Kuratov S E
Published: July 2019

Turbulent mixing driven by transport of reaction products momentum is considered in this paper. Using solution of one-group kinetic equation for reaction products, new expression for generation term in turbulent diffusion equation has been obtained. Self-similar solution of this equation found in Boussinesq approximation leads to linear temporal evolution of mixing zone width.
Discharge initiation by a laser pulse in a vacuum gap
Authors: Katorov A S , Revazov V O , Seleznev V P , Kuzenov V V , Zhakhovsky V V
Published: July 2019

Laser-induced discharge within a vacuum gap of few millimeters between electrodes is experimentally studied. The discharge is triggered by 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser pulses with intensities varied from 107 W/cm2 to 109 W/cm2 on the surface of target electrode The current formation time dependences from both the gap length and the residual gas pressure at a fixed electrode voltage were determined. Residual gas pressure varied from 10−6 to 10−2 torr, and voltage varied from 100 V to 5 kV. The dependences of current formation time on the laser pulse intensity and the voltage difference on the electrodes of different polarity are presented. The laser intensity thresholds for discharge are determined in our experimental conditions. We also performed atomistic and hydrodynamics modeling of laser heating and evaporation of metal from electrode surface. The experimental and modeling results are used for development of qualitative mechanism of ionization and charge multiplication processes in metal vapor.
The Radio-Frequency Capacitive Normal Glow Discharge in Transverse Magnetic Field
Authors: Surzhikov S T
Published: July 2019

The problems of computer simulation of the two-dimensional structure of a radio-frequency capacitive (RFC) glow discharge are discussed. The diffusion-drift computational model of the discharge, burning in a quasi-stationary mode, was used to analyze the behavior of the RFC-discharge in a transverse magnetic field. The calculations were performed for a two-dimensional RFC-glow discharge at a pressure of 5-10 Torr and an emf of 520-1000 V power source with a frequency of 13.59 MHz. The magnetic field vector with induction B = 0.2 T is directed across the current column of the RFC-discharge.
Comparison of Results of Kinetic and Drift-Diffusion Models of Penning Discharge
Authors: Dikalyuk A S , Kuratov S E , Lobok M G , Storozhev D A
Published: July 2019

Comparison of numerical models intended for the description of the processes in the Penning gas discharge plasma is performed in the study. Kinetic model is based on the particle-in-cell method. Modified drift-diffusion model belongs to the class of the hydrodynamic plasma models. Results of the numerical simulation based on the kinetic approach are obtained using author two-dimensional axisymmetric particle-in-cell computer code developed in VNIIA and proprietary computer code VORPAL (Tech-X Corporation). Results of the numerical simulation based on modified drift-diffusion model are obtained using author two-dimensional computer code developed in IPMech RAS. Results of numerical simulation are obtained at the following gas discharge parameters: working gas = H2, p = 1.2 mTorr, V = 2.5 kV, spatial scale of discharge chamber ∼ 1 cm, B = 0.1 T. Comparison of spatial distributions of Penning gas discharge plasma parameters obtained using mentioned approaches is performed.
Gas dynamics of laser ignition in butane-air combustible mixtures
Authors: Anishchanka Y V , Loktionov E Y
Published: July 2019

The advantages of laser ignition compared to traditional electric spark are in optical breakdown threshold, being inversely proportional to pressure up to hundreds of bars; and in the possibility to reduce harmful emissions (NOx, CH, etc.) at fuel lean mixtures ignition. Laser-induced combustion waves are known to appear faster and are more stable than when induced by electric spark, so can also be used for ramjets, rocket thrusters, and gas turbines. Laser ignition occurs as a result of gas breakdown, formation of plasma and shock waves leading to the combustion core formation. For butane-air mixtures (p∼1÷3 bar) of different compositions (φ∼0.8÷1.4), the dynamics of the combustion core and shock wave propagation induced by laser ignition (1064 nm, 12 ns) with 200 mJ pulses was studied. Using schlieren photography, propagation velocities of shock wave front and combustion core boundary were measured within 0.2÷4 µs after exposure.
Mesoscopic simulation of laser initiation in pentaerythritol tetranitrate
Authors: Murzov S A , Chesnokov A A , Parshikov A N , Egorova M S , Zhakhovsky V V , Yanilkin A V
Published: July 2019

A numerical simulation of laser initiation in a pentaerythritol tetranitrate is presented. A contact smoothed particle hydrodynamics modeling with an explicit simplified-geometry of the microstructure is defined. A sequence of spheres in simple cubic and face-centred cubic lattices is considered. Different types of PETN crystal particles compression by high-enthalpy products expansion are simulated in the hydrodynamic approach. The compactification of spheres and formation of a shock wave in a porous material is observed. Compactification of spherical particles stops the flow of hot products and shock wave is able to override the reaction front propagation. The simulation demonstrates a shock-driven mechanism in the detonation initiation processes.
Corrosion of aluminium in water-in-diesel-emulsion fuel
Authors: Chandran D , Khalid M , Raviadaran R , Jagadish PR
Published: July 2019

This study aimed to determine the corrosion characteristics of water-in-diesel emulsion fuel towards aluminium. Investigation was performed by immersing aluminium coupons in emulsified diesel for 240 hours, 480 hours, 720 hours, 960 hours and 1200 hours at 25 °C. For comparison, additional aluminium coupons were immersed in diesel for 1200 hours at 25 °C. Span 80 and Tween 80 surfactants were used to prepare the emulsified diesel which consisted of 5 vol% of water and 95 vol% of diesel. Mass loss of the coupons were measured to calculate the corrosion rate. Water content, total acid number, density and viscosity of the fuel samples were measured before and after immersion. The corrosion rate of aluminium coupons exposed to emulsified diesel reduced by 97.6% between 240 hours and 1200 hours of immersion duration. The aluminium coupons immersed in emulsified diesel had 2.2 times higher corrosion rate than in diesel. The higher total acid number of emulsified diesel by 4.7 times than diesel is suggested to have influenced this. To benefit the potential reduction in harmful exhaust emission through the adoption of emulsified diesel, studies towards producing less acidic stable emulsified diesel are essential.
Measurement and analysis of backlash on harmonic drive
Authors: Wang Bin , Liu Jikui , Wang Chunjie
Published: July 2019

Harmonic drive transmissions are widely used in robotics, space manipulation systems because of their excellent mechanical properties including low backlash, high speed reduction ratio and compact size. Analytical investigation and modeling of backlash and hysteresis for harmonic drive are reported, but no thorough understanding of backlash as well as its attributes is available in literature. In this research, the experimental and analytical studies of backlash are conducted. First, the definition of backlash according to China National Standard (CNS) is given, which also matches the requirements in application. A dedicated apparatus was designed to measure the backlash. The results of this paper offer an insight into backlash of harmonic drive and the results are valuable in the mechanical design of harmonic drive gears as well as the dynamic modeling and precision control of harmonic drive systems.
Detection methods for residual stress of assembled camshaft
Authors: Huang Jinjie , Yang Lianfa , Wei Jun , Ma Jianping , jiang Jingyu
Published: July 2019

Compared with the traditional integrated camshaft, the assembled camshaft has the advantages of lowering production cost, reducing engine weight and improving engine performance, with a broad development prospect. The assembled camshaft is connected by different processes will cause residual stress which will seriously affect the mechanical properties of camshaft. Therefore, the measurement of residual stress is of great importance to the safety and reliability of assembled camshaft. This paper mainly introduces three detection methods currently applied to the residual stress of the assembled camshaft, namely X-ray diffraction method, Hole-Drilling method and Finite element simulation.
Numerical simulation and microgravity experiment of fluid flow in the vane type tank
Authors: Chen Lei , Liu Jintao , Li Wen , Yao Can , Zhu Honglai
Published: July 2019

Propellant tank is an important component of spacecraft, which determines the life of spacecraft. As a key unit for storage and management fluid on the spacecraft, the vane type tank can provide liquid without gas for thrusters. And the propellant management device(PMD) is the core component in the tank. In the paper, numerical simulation and microgravity experiment have been carried out to study the performance of propellant management. By using a VOF two-phase flow model, the fluid behaviour in tank is numerically simulated. By microgravity drop tower tests, the fluid distribution is obtained actually. The results from numerical simulation are in good agreement with ones from the microgravity drop tower tests. It shows that the PMD of the vane type tank can availably achieve the separation between liquid and gas interface and providing liquid without gas in microgravity environment.
Measuring the likeliness among young adults to green their homes
Authors: Toh Tien-Choon , Goh Kai-Chen , Goh Hui-Hwang , Yan-Yan Yong Felicia , Lim Cheng-Sim , Lee Chia-Kuang
Published: July 2019

It requires a team effort to reduce our overall impact on the planet earth. If each of us would do our parts, we could preserve the environment well and give our future generations a clean and comfortable place to live. Sustainability starts at home. Ways to green our homes have been suggested by people from all walks of life and are easily available as well. However, very little attention has been paid to the extent to which the people would take the initiative to green their homes. With the intention to explore the topic of home greening, this research aims to measure the likeliness among young adults to green their homes. Young adults are targeted because they are future leaders and their actions today will have an effect on the quality of the environment for the next fifty to one hundred years. The data needed are collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire. Eighty-eight young adults living in the Klang Valley of Malaysia have responded to the survey form but only eighty-five sets of it are analysable after detecting outliers. Mean ranking analysis is performed to rank the home greening efforts made by the respondents. The results show that the respondents have highest tendency to use energy-efficient appliances and water-saving devices, fixtures, and technologies for their homes to save the environment. On the contrary, the respondents have lowest tendency to find creative ways to recycle household goods at their homes to save the environment. In general, there is no significant difference in the home greening tendency levels of males and females.
Development and characterization of a MnCu-based high damping alloy plate
Authors: Jiang ZC , Tian QC , Ren ZM , Ji PG , Feng JH , Yin FX
Published: July 2019

From the viewpoint of engineering application, the Mn-Cu based alloy plates are prepared to characterize both the mechanical properties as well as the damping capacity by employing the tensile test and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), respectively. The microstructure of MnCu alloy were determined by optical microscopy, while the tensile fracture morphology was observed by using a scanning electron microscopy. It is verified that the mechanical properties are similar to that of A3 steel while the vibration noise across the MnCu alloy plate cut about 5-15dB off during all the experiment frequency range from 20 to 300 Hz when the alloy backing plates are applied under a turbine electric generator. The internal friction characteristic of the alloy is disclosed to be dynamic hysteresis closely related to the vibration frequency, as well as to be static hysteresis that depending on strain amplitudes. With whatever vibration frequencies or strain amplitudes, the damping capacity (tan δ) of the alloy plate still shows satisfactory engineering application value higher than 0.02 at ambient temperature range around room temperature.
Fabrication of Ni60+25%WC reinforced steel matrix surface composites by induction cladding
Authors: Heping Liu , Fenger Sun , Shaolei Cheng , Yibo Gao , Langlang Liu
Published: July 2019

Failure of mechanical parts usually occur on the surface or start from the surface, such as wear, oxidation corrosion and fatigue. This work uses high frequency induction cladding technology to improve the overall performance of stainless steel surface. A layer of WC and stainless steel is coated on the surface of the stainless steel. The effects of different WC material contents and different induction heating current intensities on the cladding were analyzed. After the preparation of the sample, the morphology and properties of the cladding layer were analyzed by SEM, XRD and other test methods. The results show that when the content of WC is 2%-3%, the heating time is 90s and the heating current is 860A-890A. The surface of the cladding layer is most densely formed and there is no obvious over-burning phenomenon and pore generation.
Anthocyanins extraction from Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam): The effect of pH values on natural color
Authors: Nhut Pham Tri , Quoc Toan Tran , Duc Lam Tri , Vu-Quang Hieu , Vo Dai-Viet N. , Anh Vy Tran , Bui Le Minh
Published: July 2019

Anthocyanins are widely used in the food industry as safe natural colorants thanks to their benefits, attractive colors and safety for consumption. The first objective of this study was to evaluate anthocyanins extraction from Vietnam purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) for use as food coloring. Different extraction temperatures of solvent ethanol (40 - 70%), duration of extraction (40 - 80 min), temperature extraction (30 - 70°C) and liquid-solid ratios (4:1 - 8:1 mL/g) were selected in order to extract purple sweet potato. Second, this study examines the anthocyanin color behavior at various pH levels in aqueous solutions levels ranging from 1.0 to 14.0. At low pH (acidic conditions), anthocyanins are stable and gives a red color. Meanwhile, increasing the pH value of anthocyanin will change the color from red to pink, violet, blue, green and yellow. This variation suggested that anthocyanin could be utilized as a possible pH color indicator in commercial packaging industry and agriculture.
Extraction of anthocyanins from Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L. Flowers) in Southern Vietnam: Response surface modeling for optimization of the operation conditions
Authors: Nhut Pham Tri , Chinh Nguyen Duy , Duc Lam Tri , Van Thinh Pham , Tien Le Xuan , Vo Nguyen Dai Viet , Quang Hieu Vu , Duy Nguyen Trinh , Bach Long Giang
Published: July 2019

In this paper, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), in conjunction with Central Composite Design (CCD), was used to optimize the extraction of anthocyanins from Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.Flowers) cultivated in Southern Vietnam. The effect of extraction temperatures of solvent ethanol (50-70 °C), duration of extraction (40-50 min) and solid-liquid ratios (20:1–30:1) was measured as independent variables on the total extraction anthocyanins in the response function. The highest anthocyanin content of 132.756 mg/L of butterfly pea anthocyanin was collected at the solid liquid ratio of 23:1, extraction time of 46 min, and temperature 60.6°C. Butterfly pea anthocyanins yield detailed significant correlation with high F values, low P values (<0.0001), and desirable determination coefficient (R2 = 0.9994).
Effects of various solvent concentration, liquid-solid ratio, temperatures and time values on the extraction yield of anthocyanin from Vietnam Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle)
Authors: Nhut Pham Tri , Phu Nguyen Thuong Nhan , Duc Lam Tri , Hien Tran Thien , Chinh Nguyen Duy , Vo Dai-Viet N. , Tien Le Xuan , Trung Do Sy , Giang Bach Long
Published: July 2019

Nowadays, the trends in human health and fossil fuel dependent markets present opportunities for agricultural crops as renewable sources in several substitutes of synthetic components in clothing, fuels, and food. This research focused on anthocyanins along with protocatechuic acid and quercetin, which have been recognized as bioactive compounds in Hibiscus sabdariffa L. aqueous extracts. Laboratory extraction study was conducted on various solvent concentration, liquid-solid ratio, temperatures and time values on the extraction yield of anthocyanin from Vietnam Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle). On theother hand, total anthocyanins wereinvestigated in Hibiscus sabdariffa L. extract as μg/mL cyanidin-3-glucoside (cyd-3-glu). Extraction temperature of 60°C using solvent concentration 50%, extraction time of 30 min at liquid-solid ratio of 8:1 showed the highest anthocyanin recovery at 180,821 mg/L. Overall, Vietnam Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle) are responsive to anthocyanin extraction, making it an appropriate substrate for the development of industrial colorants and dyes.
Research on the influence mechanism of friction factor of gear based on mathematical statistics principle
Authors: Ge H , Wang C
Published: July 2019

This paper first introduces the development status of gear friction factor research. Secondly, the advantage of the experimental method based on mathematical statistics is discussed. In addition, the mathematical statistics principle is used to design the orthogonal experiment to verify the existing formula of gear friction factor calculation. The correlation of each parameter was studied according to the experimental data. The deficiency of calculation formula is analysed and the prospect of future research is put forward.
Literature review of RV reducer test bed
Authors: Shilin Pan , Cheng Wang
Published: July 2019

The RV reducer test bench belongs to the mechanical transmission test bench. It is a test equipment for testing the comprehensive performance of the reducer. Various tests are carried out on the test bench to achieve the purpose of rationality of design and manufacture and performance evaluation of the tested RV reducer. With the further development of national industrialization and the continuous improvement of automation, the performance of the RV reducer has been put forward higher requirements, but also the accuracy of the test bench has been put forward higher requirements, the research of the RV reducer test bench has more practical significance.
Structural design and analysis of a new axial magnetic suction planetary gear train
Authors: Yu Wentao , Wang Cheng , Lin Zhiwen
Published: July 2019

By analyzing the working principle of magnetic gear in the axial magnetic field, the design method of the active wheel and the driven wheel structure of the magnetic gear reducer in axial magnetic field is proposed. The influence of the magnetic tooth thickness on the transmission performance for the axial magnetic field coupled magnetic gear is theoretically explained. The gear reducer permanent magnet adopts a block structure, and the tooth increase coefficient is obtained by establishing a mathematical model. The finite element simulation analysis method is used to verify the rationality and feasibility of the design method, and the data is analyzed by the experimental method to verify the correctness of the simulation method
Research on Rolling Bearing Fault Identification Method Based on LSTM Neural Network
Authors: Luo Pan , Hu Yumei
Published: July 2019

In order to simplify the fault detection process, improve the efficiency of fault detection and recognition accuracy, a rolling bearing fault recognition based on LSTM neural network is proposed. In this model, there is no need to perform any preprocessing on the original data. As long as the neural network model training is completed, the original signal can be detected and identified automatically by the model. In order to verify the performance of the model, the test results of the same fault data set are compared with the fault recognition model based on traditional machine learning. The results show that the fault recognition model based on LSTM neural network has obvious superior performance and higher recognition reliability. Its recognition accuracy rate reaches 98.00%, and the recognition accuracy of the fault recognition model based on traditional machine learning is only 94.20%.
Environmental effects on Chestnut wood (Castanea sativa Mill.) treated with different surface coatings
Authors: Chavenetidou Marina , Birbilis Dimitris , Kakavas Konstantinos V
Published: July 2019

This study investigated the influence of climatic factors on the deterioration of chestnut wood after various manipulations with surface coatings after exposure to ambient conditions for two years. The exposure of chestnut wood surfaces to atmospheric precipitation namely snow, rain and humidity, whether coated or uncoated with hydrophobic substances of low effectiveness led to discolouration due to leaching of water-soluble extracts possessed by the wood. The handling of chestnut wood with surface coatings of hydrophobic protectives (WR) such as teak oil in an organic solvent, epoxy resin based stain, transparent polyurethane varnish with UV protection factor, surface alkyd-based white varnish and exposure to ambient atmospheric conditions showed that discolouration was created due to the leaching of the water-soluble extracts, contained in the chestnut wood for surfaces coated or uncoated with hydrophobic substances of low effectiveness. It was therefore concluded that environmental factors cause discolouration of chestnut wood whether treated or untreated with hydrophobic substances of low effectiveness.
Meso-scale finite element analysis on creep behaviour of asphalt mixture considering interface effect
Authors: Qiu X , Xiao S L , Xu J X , Yang Q , Li C L
Published: July 2019

This paper investigated the creep behaviour of asphalt mixtures using a randomly generated meso-scale finite element model that takes into account the effect of asphalt-aggregate interface. Simulation analysis on the three-point bending creep tests of asphalt mixture were performed and validated. Furthermore, parameters studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of gradation and angularity of coarse aggregate, air void content, and asphalt-aggregate interface strength. The results indicated that mesostructural parameters and interface properties have an important effect on the creep behaviour of asphalt mixture. The creep performance of medium-sized asphalt mixture is better than that of fine-sized asphalt mixtures. The larger the angularity index of coarse aggregate is, the better ability asphalt mixture has to resist deformation. As to the suspended dense structure asphalt mixtures, with the increase of void ratio, the creep deformation increase gradually, and the excessive void ratio would lead to the fracture of the interface. Asphalt-aggregate interface with higher interface strength would result in better resistance to of the mixture to permanent deformation.
Assessment of fatigue damage in asphalt mixture using an acoustic emission approach
Authors: Qiu X , Wang Y J , Yang Q , Xu J X , Cheng W H
Published: July 2019

Fatigue failure is the main damage forms of asphalt mixture. Acoustic emission (AE) is an effective technique for continuously monitoring the development of fatigue damage in asphalt mixture. Firstly, the AE characteristic and mechanical behaviour of asphalt mixture and their relationship were investigated by performing four-point bending fatigue test and AE test. Furthermore, the parameters of continuum damage mechanics model that describes the deterioration process of asphalt mixture were calibrated in according with the AE technique. Finally, simulation analysis on the four-point bending fatigue test of asphalt mixture is performed. The results indicated that the AE parameters could reflect the changes of mechanical characteristic. The variation of AE energy and dissipated energy had a similar tendency. There is a strong correlation between the result of continuum damage mechanics model and mechanical test. The numerical results show that the definition of damage variable based on AE energy is reliable and reasonable. This research would provide a new idea for the application of AE technique on diagnosing the fatigue damage evolution process of asphalt mixture.
Deodorization of Calophyllum Inophyllum oil using Steam distillation method
Authors: Dinh Phuc Nguyen , Minh Thanh Luong , Duc Lam Tri
Published: July 2019

Deodorization is a crucial refining stage with an important effect on the quality of oil refined. We used steam distillation method to remove the smell of calophyllum inophyllum oil. We investigated the effect of various factors such as vaporization temperature, oil volume to the deodorization process. In laboratory conditions, at vaporization temperature of 140°C and oil volume of 200mL, the optimal time of deodorization process is 21 hours with 95% oil’s smell removed. In the other hands, deodorized oil still remains the benefit compents. The aim of this study was to eliminate unpleasant pungent smell of calophyllum inophyllum oil. In the other hands, deodorized oil still retain the beneficial component and properties eminece. Thereby, creating a substrate with great potential in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Also, deodorized calophyllum inophyllum oil will help increase the economic value of traditional calophyllum inophyllum oil.