bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sunlight-Induced photochemical synthesis of Au nanodots on α-Fe2O3@Reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite and their enhanced heterogeneous catalytic properties
Authors: Bharath G. , Anwer Shoaib , Mangalaraja R. V. , Alhseinat Emad , Banat Fawzi , Ponpandian N.
Published: April 2018

In this present study, we report the synthesis of Au nanodots on α-Fe2O3@reduced graphene oxide (RGO) based hetero-photocatalytic nanohybrids through a chlorophyll mediated photochemical synthesis. In this process, chlorophyll induces a rapid reduction (30 min) of Au3+ions to Au° metallic nanodots on α-Fe2O3@RGO surface under sunlight irradiation. The nucleation growth process, photo-induced electron-transfer mechanism and physico-chemical properties of the Au@α-Fe2O3@RGO ternary nanocomposites were systematically studied with various analytical techniques. This novel photochemical synthesis process is a cost-effective, convenient, surfactant-less, and scalable method. Moreover, the prepared ternary nanocomposites enhanced catalytic activity as compared to pure α-Fe2O3and α-Fe2O3@RGO. The advantages and synergistic effect of Au@α-Fe2O3@RGO exhibit, (i) a broader range of visible-light absorption due to visible light band gap of α-Fe2O3, (ii) lower recombination possibility of photo-generated electrons and holes due to effect of Au and (iii) faster electron transfer due to higher conductivity of RGO. Therefore, the prepared Au@α-Fe2O3@RGO hetero-photocatalytic nanohybrids exhibited a remarkable photocatalytic activity, thus enabling potential active hetero-photocatalyst for industrial and environmental applications.
Distinguishing butchery cut marks from crocodile bite marks through machine learning methods
Authors: Domínguez-Rodrigo Manuel , Baquedano Enrique
Published: April 2018

All models of evolution of human behaviour depend on the correct identification and interpretation of bone surface modifications (BSM) on archaeofaunal assemblages. Crucial evolutionary features, such as the origin of stone tool use, meat-eating, food-sharing, cooperation and sociality can only be addressed through confident identification and interpretation of BSM, and more specifically, cut marks. Recently, it has been argued that linear marks with the same properties as cut marks can be created by crocodiles, thereby questioning whether secure cut mark identifications can be made in the Early Pleistocene fossil record. Powerful classification methods based on multivariate statistics and machine learning (ML) algorithms have previously successfully discriminated cut marks from most other potentially confounding BSM. However, crocodile-made marks were marginal to or played no role in these comparative analyses. Here, for the first time, we apply state-of-the-art ML methods on crocodile linear BSM and experimental butchery cut marks, showing that the combination of multivariate taphonomy and ML methods provides accurate identification of BSM, including cut and crocodile bite marks. This enables empirically-supported hominin behavioural modelling, provided that these methods are applied to fossil assemblages.
From cooperative to uncorrelated clogging in cross-flow microfluidic membranes
Authors: van Zwieten R. , van de Laar T. , Sprakel J. , Schroën K.
Published: April 2018

The operational lifetime of filtration membranes is reduced by the clogging of pores and subsequent build-up of a fouling or cake layer. Designing membrane operations in which clogging is delayed or even mitigated completely, requires in-depth insight into its origins. Due to the complexity of the clogging process, simplified model membranes fabricated in microfluidic chips have emerged as a powerful tool to study how clogs emerge and deteriorate membrane efficiency. However, to date, these have focussed solely on dead-end filtration, while cross-flow filtration is of greater practical relevance at the industrial scale. As such, the microscopic mechanisms of clogging in crossflow geometries have remained relatively ill-explored. Here we use a microfluidic filtration model to probe the kinetics and mechanisms of clogging in crossflow. Our study exposes two findings: (i) the primary clogging rate of individual pores depends only on the trans-membrane flux, whose strong effects are explained quantitatively by extending existing models with a term for flux-controlled flow-enhanced barrier crossing, (ii) cross-membrane flow affects the pore-pore communication, leading to a transition from correlated to uncorrelated clogging of the membrane, which we explain qualitatively by deriving a dimensionless number which captures two essential regimes of clogging at the microscale.
Using nested discretization for a detailed yet computationally efficient simulation of local hydrology in a distributed hydrologic model
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Liu Yanlan , Kumar Mukesh
Published: April 2018

Fully distributed hydrologic models are often used to simulate hydrologic states at fine spatio-temporal resolutions. However, simulations based on these models may become computationally expensive, constraining their applications to smaller domains. This study demonstrates that a nested-discretization based modeling strategy can be used to improve the efficiency of distributed hydrologic simulations, especially for applications where fine resolution estimates of hydrologic states are of the focus only within a part of a watershed. To this end, we consider two applications where the goal is to capture the groundwater dynamics within a defined target area. Our results show that at the target locations, a nested simulation is able to competently replicate the estimates of groundwater table as obtained from the fine simulation, while yielding significant computational savings. The results highlight the potential of using nested discretization for a detailed yet computationally efficient estimation of hydrologic states in part of the model domain.
Exploration of the effect of sequence variations located inside the binding pocket of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases
Authors: Triki Dhoha , Billot Telli , Visseaux Benoit , Descamps Diane , Flatters Delphine , Camproux Anne-Claude , Regad Leslie
Published: April 2018

HIV-2 protease (PR2) is naturally resistant to most FDA (Food and Drug Administration)-approved HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PIs), a major antiretroviral class. In this study, we compared the PR1 and PR2 binding pockets extracted from structures complexed with 12 ligands. The comparison of PR1 and PR2 pocket properties showed that bound PR2 pockets were more hydrophobic with more oxygen atoms and fewer nitrogen atoms than PR1 pockets. The structural comparison of PR1 and PR2 pockets highlighted structural changes induced by their sequence variations and that were consistent with these property changes. Specifically, substitutions at residues 31, 46, and 82 induced structural changes in their main-chain atoms that could affect PI binding in PR2. In addition, the modelling of PR1 mutant structures containing V32I and L76M substitutions revealed a cooperative mechanism leading to structural deformation of flap-residue 45 that could modify PR2 flexibility. Our results suggest that substitutions in the PR1 and PR2 pockets can modify PI binding and flap flexibility, which could underlie PR2 resistance against PIs. These results provide new insights concerning the structural changes induced by PR1 and PR2 pocket variation changes, improving the understanding of the atomic mechanism of PR2 resistance to PIs.
Calorie restriction is the most reasonable anti-ageing intervention: a meta-analysis of survival curves
Authors: Liang Yaru , Liu Chang , Lu Maoyang , Dong Qiongye , Wang Zimu , Wang Zhuoran , Xiong Wenxiang , Zhang Nannan , Zhou Jiawei , Liu Qingfei , Wang Xiaowo , Wang Zhao
Published: April 2018

Despite technological advances, the survival records from longevity experiments remain the most indispensable tool in ageing-related research. A variety of interventions, including medications, genetic manipulations and calorie restriction (CR), have been demonstrated to extend the lifespan of several species. Surprisingly, few systematic studies have investigated the differences among these anti-ageing strategies using survival data. Here, we conduct a comprehensive and comparative meta-analysis of numerous published studies onCaenorhabditis elegansandDrosophila. We found that CR and genetic manipulations are generally more effective than medications at extending the total lifespan in both models, and CR can improve the ageing pattern ofC.elegans. We further analysed the survival variation for different anti-ageing medications and determined that hypoglycaemic agents and antioxidants are advantageous despite only moderately increasing the overall lifespan; therefore, these two types of medications are promising CR mimetics. Analysis of genetic manipulations also indicated that the genes or pathways that extend lifespan in a healthier pattern are associated with CR. These results suggest that CR or CR mimetics may be the most reasonable and potentially beneficial anti-ageing strategy.
Satiation state-dependent dopaminergic control of foraging in Drosophila
Authors: Landayan Dan , Feldman David S. , Wolf Fred W.
Published: April 2018

Hunger evokes stereotypic behaviors that favor the discovery of nutrients. The neural pathways that coordinate internal and external cues to motivate foraging behaviors are only partly known. Drosophila that are food deprived increase locomotor activity, are more efficient in locating a discrete source of nutrition, and are willing to overcome adversity to obtain food. We developed a simple open field assay that allows flies to freely perform multiple steps of the foraging sequence, and we show that two distinct dopaminergic neural circuits regulate measures of foraging behaviors. One group, the PAM neurons, functions in food deprived flies while the other functions in well fed flies, and both promote foraging. These satiation state-dependent circuits converge on dopamine D1 receptor-expressing Kenyon cells of the mushroom body, where neural activity promotes foraging independent of satiation state. These findings provide evidence for active foraging in well-fed flies that is separable from hunger-driven foraging.
Out-of-plane interface dipoles and anti-hysteresis in graphene-strontium titanate hybrid transistor
Authors: Sahoo Anindita , Nafday Dhani , Paul Tathagata , Ruiter Roald , Roy Arunesh , Mostovoy Maxim , Banerjee Tamalika , Saha-Dasgupta Tanusri , Ghosh Arindam
Published: April 2018

The out-of-plane electric polarization at the surface of SrTiO3 (STO), an archetypal perovskite oxide, may stabilize new electronic states and/or host novel device functionality. This is particularly significant in proximity to atomically thin membranes, such as graphene, although a quantitative understanding of the polarization across graphene–STO interface remains experimentally elusive. Here, we report direct observation and measurement of a large intrinsic out-of-plane polarization at the interface of single-layer graphene and TiO2-terminated STO (100) crystal. Using a unique temperature dependence of anti-hysteretic gate-transfer characteristics in dual-gated graphene-on-STO field-effect transistors, we estimate the polarization to be as large as ≈12 μC cm−2, which is also supported by the density functional theory calculations and low-frequency noise measurements. The anti-hysteretic transfer characteristics is quantitatively shown to arise from an interplay of band bending at the STO surface and electrostatic potential due to interface polarization, which may be a generic feature in hybrid electronic devices from two-dimensional materials and perovskite oxides.
Large-scale analysis of water stability in bromodomain binding pockets with grand canonical Monte Carlo
Authors: Aldeghi Matteo , Ross Gregory A. , Bodkin Michael J. , Essex Jonathan W. , Knapp Stefan , Biggin Philip C.
Published: April 2018

Conserved water molecules are of interest in drug design, as displacement of such waters can lead to higher affinity ligands, and in some cases, contribute towards selectivity. Bromodomains, small protein domains involved in the epigenetic regulation of gene transcription, display a network of four conserved water molecules in their binding pockets and have recently been the focus of intense medicinal chemistry efforts. Understanding why certain bromodomains have displaceable water molecules and others do not is extremely challenging, and it remains unclear which water molecules in a given bromodomain can be targeted for displacement. Here we estimate the stability of the conserved water molecules in 35 bromodomains via binding free energy calculations using all-atom grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. Encouraging quantitative agreement to the available experimental evidence is found. We thus discuss the expected ease of water displacement in different bromodomains and the implications for ligand selectivity.
Light-assisted electrochemical water-splitting at very low bias voltage using metal-free polythiophene as photocathode at high pH in a full-cell setup
Authors: Oka Kouki , Tsujimura Orie , Suga Takeo , Nishide Hiroyuki , Winther-Jensen Bjorn
Published: April 2018

Light-assisted hydrogen evolution on polyterthiophene at high pH facilitated by a non-Nernstian pH-dependency, where neutralization of polyterthiophene guides the onset-potential.
Development of piperazine-1-carbothioamide chitosan silver nanoparticles (P1C-Tit*CAgNPs) as a promising anti-inflammatory candidate: a molecular docking validation
Authors: Karthik C. S. , Manukumar H. M. , Sandeep S. , Sudarshan B. L. , Nagashree S. , Mallesha L. , Rakesh K. P. , Sanjay K. R. , Mallu P. , Qin Hua-Li
Published: April 2018

Natural products are important leads in drug discovery.
Tuning the Kondo resonance in two-dimensional lattices of cerium molecular complexes
Authors: Granet Julien , Sicot Muriel , Kierren Bertrand , Lamare Simon , Chérioux Frédéric , Baudelet François , Fagot-Revurat Yannick , Moreau Luc , Malterre Daniel
Published: April 2018

The Kondo effect in Ce-based double-decker molecular self-assembly can be observed or not depending on the substrate.
The effect of metal ions on the viscoelastic properties of thermosensitive sol-to-gel reversible metallo-supramolecular hydrogels
Authors: Gutierres A. , Pascual S. , Fontaine L. , Piogé S. , Benyahia L.
Published: April 2018

Fine-tuning of thermo-induced assembly and rheological behaviour of hydrogels based on a copolymer having two distinct hydrophilic blocks via metal ions.
Drop spreading and gelation of thermoresponsive polymers
Authors: de Ruiter R. , Royon L. , Snoeijer J. H. , Brunet P.
Published: April 2018

Spreading and solidification of liquid droplets are elementary processes of relevance for additive manufacturing. With simple drop spreading experiments of a thermoresponsive polymer solution, we found that the final shape is ruled by the difference between the substrate temperature and the gelation temperature. Unexpectedly, spreading also stops below the gelation temperature, due to an increase in polymer concentration induced by evaporation near the contact line.
Controllable synthesis of nickel nanowires and its application in high sensitivity, stretchable strain sensor for body motion sensing
Authors: Wang Shan , Chen Kaifeng , Wang Min , Li Haosheng , Chen Guorui , Liu Jian , Xu Luhang , Jian Yue , Meng Chengda , Zheng Xiaoyi , Liu Suyu , Yin Chong , Wang Zongrong , Du Piyi , Qu Shaoxing , Leung Chi Wah
Published: April 2018

Sandwich-structured strain sensor based on high L/D ratio NiNWs and Ecoflex with high sensitivity and stretchability.
A fast, direct, and sensitive analysis method for catechin determination in green tea by batch injection analysis with multiple-pulse amperometry (BIA-MPA)
Authors: Corrêa Ribeiro Geyse Adriana , Quintino da Rocha Cláudia , Tanaka Auro Atsushi , Santos da Silva Iranaldo
Published: April 2018

A bioactive compound was quantified on a bare glassy carbon electrode by BIA-MPA. This method is simple, fast, and cost effective.
Extra thermo- and water-stable one-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite [N-methyldabconium]PbI3 showing switchable dielectric behaviour, conductivity and bright yellow-green emission
Authors: Xue Chen , Yao Zhi-Yuan , Zhang Jin , Liu Wen-Long , Liu Jian-Lan , Ren Xiao-Ming
Published: April 2018

One-dimensional hybrid perovskite exhibits extra-stability, switchable dielectric behaviour and conductivity, and bright yellow-green emission.
Regulation of both the structure and function by ade novodesigned disulfide bond: a case study of heme proteins in myoglobin
Authors: Yin Lu-Lu , Yuan Hong , Du Ke-Jie , He Bo , Gao Shu-Qin , Wen Ge-Bo , Tan Xiangshi , Lin Ying-Wu
Published: April 2018

The V21C/V66C/F46S myoglobin mutant, with ade novodesigned intramolecular disulfide bond resembling that in cytoglobin without structural evidence, exhibits a dehalogenation activity exceeding that of a native dehaloperoxidase.
Unique orientations and rotational dynamics of a 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid at the gas–liquid interface: the effects of the hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions
Authors: Yang Deshuai , Fu Fangjia , Li Li , Yang Zhen , Wan Zheng , Luo Yi , Hu Na , Chen Xiangshu , Zeng Guixiang
Published: April 2018

Two-stage rotational motions of the interfacial [BMIM]+ cations are essentially determined by both hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions.
Quaterrylene molecules on Ag(111): self-assembly behavior and voltage pulse induced trimer formation
Authors: He Yangyong , Cai Zeying , Shao Jian , Xu Li , She Limin , Zheng Yue , Zhong Dingyong
Published: April 2018

The formation of triangle-shaped trimers containing three quaterrylene molecules could be induced by carefully applying voltage impulses.
Thermal equilibration between excited states or solvent effects: unveiling the origins of anomalous emissions in heteroleptic Ru(ii) complexes
Authors: Jacquemin Denis , Escudero Daniel
Published: April 2018

Thermal equilibration between excited states or solvent effects: unveiling the origins of anti-Kasha emissions in heteroleptic [Ru(H)(CO)(N^N)(tpp)2]+ complexes.
Newly proposed proton-abstraction roundabout with backside attack mechanism for the SN2 reaction at the nitrogen center in F− + NH2Cl
Authors: Li Yongfang , Wang Dunyou
Published: April 2018

Two novel reaction mechanisms are revealed for the SN2 reaction at the nitrogen center in the F− + NH2Cl reaction.
Metashooting: a novel tool for free energy reconstruction from polymorphic phase transition mechanisms
Authors: Jobbins Samuel Alexander , Boulfelfel Salah Eddine , Leoni Stefano
Published: April 2018

Metashooting, a novel simulation scheme, combines free energy surface reconstruction and detailed elucidation of transformation mechanisms.
Impact of different sequences of mechanical and thermal processing on the rheological properties ofPorphyridium cruentumandChlorella vulgarisas functional food ingredients
Authors: Bernaerts Tom M. M. , Panozzo Agnese , Verhaegen Katrien A. F. , Gheysen Lore , Foubert Imogen , Moldenaers Paula , Hendrickx Marc E. , Van Loey Ann M.
Published: April 2018

Different processing sequences result in specific rheological properties of these microalgae as functional food ingredients.
Characterization of active antiplatelet chemical compositions of edible Citrus limon through ultra-performance liquid chromatography single quadrupole mass spectrometry-based chemometrics
Authors: Zhang Qian , Tan Chengning , Cai Liang , Xia Fangbo , Gao Die , Yang Fengqing , Chen Hua , Xia Zhining
Published: April 2018

UPLC-SQD-MS-based chemometrics was applied for antiplatelet active compounds screening for the first time, and seven potential biomarkers were found in lemon extract.
A nitrogen-ligated nickel-catalyst enables selective intermolecular cyclisation of β- and γ-amino alcohols with ketones: access to five and six-membered N-heterocycles
Authors: Singh Khushboo , Vellakkaran Mari , Banerjee Debasis
Published: April 2018

Nickel-catalysed conversion of β- and γ-amino alcohols with ketones enables selective construction of pyrroles, pyridines and quinolines by liberation of hydrogen gas and water as sole by-products.
Molecularly imprinted polymers fabricated using Janus particle-stabilized Pickering emulsions and charged monomer polymerization
Authors: Sun Yanhua , Ren Tao , Deng Zhiwei , Yang Yanjing , Zhong Shian
Published: April 2018

Janus particle-stabilized Pickering emulsions and their applications in protein interfacial imprinting.
An alternative radiolytic route for synthesizing conducting polymers in an organic solvent
Authors: Bahry Teseer , Cui Zhenpeng , Deniset-Besseau Ariane , Gervais Matthieu , Sollogoub Cyrille , Bui Thanh-Tuân , Remita Samy
Published: April 2018

We originally used radiation chemistry as an alternative methodology for synthesizing conducting polymers in an organic solvent.
Functional group effect of isoreticular metal–organic frameworks on heavy metal ion adsorption
Authors: Esrafili Leili , Safarifard Vahid , Tahmasebi Elham , Esrafili M. D. , Morsali Ali
Published: April 2018

We examined adsorption behavior of some MOFs having different functional groups in their pillar structures for adsorption of some heavy metal ions.
An 800 nm driven NaErF4@NaLuF4 upconversion platform for multimodality imaging and photodynamic therapy
Authors: Li Qiqing , Li Xiaodan , Zhang Li , Zuo Jing , Zhang Youlin , Liu Xiaomin , Tu Langping , Xue Bin , Chang Yulei , Kong Xianggui
Published: April 2018

The newly developed NaErF4 system offers a new strategy to design excellent theranostic nanoplatform for multimodality imaging-guided therapy.
Multi-layered tumor-targeting photothermal-doxorubicin releasing nanotubes eradicate tumors in vivo with negligible systemic toxicity
Authors: Wang Daquan , Meng Lingjie , Fei Zhaofu , Hou Chen , Long Jiangang , Zeng Leli , Dyson Paul J. , Huang Peng
Published: April 2018

Multi-layered single-walled carbon nanotubes, termed SWNT@BSA@Au-S-PEG-FA@DOX, which integrate photothermal therapy with small molecule drug delivery, were prepared using a facile layer-by-layer assembly process.
Enhancing circular dichroism by chiral hotspots in silicon nanocube dimers
Authors: Yao Kan , Liu Yongmin
Published: April 2018

Chiral hotspots generated by achiral high-refractive-index dielectric nanoantennas can substantially enhance a CD signal without reducing the dissymmetry factor.
KCl-mediated dual electronic channels in layered g-C3N4 for enhanced visible light photocatalytic NO removal
Authors: Xiong Ting , Wang Hong , Zhou Ying , Sun Yanjuan , Cen Wanglai , Huang Hongwei , Zhang Yuxin , Dong Fan
Published: April 2018

K and Cl ions co-doped into a g-C3N4 interlayer function as a dual electronic channel for electron and hole transfer, thus effectively decreasing the electron–hole recombination rate and prolonging the lifetime of charge carriers.
An ionic liquid–graphene oxide hybrid nanomaterial: synthesis and anticorrosive applications
Authors: Liu Chengbao , Qiu Shihui , Du Peng , Zhao Haichao , Wang Liping
Published: April 2018

The well-dispersed IL-GO hybrid nanomaterial endows the coating system with superior corrosion protection performance.
Expanding antibiotic chemical space around the nidulin pharmacophore
Authors: Morshed Mahmud T. , Vuong Daniel , Crombie Andrew , Lacey Alastair E. , Karuso Peter , Lacey Ernest , Piggott Andrew M.
Published: April 2018

Reinvestigating antibiotic scaffolds that were identified during the Golden Age of antibiotic discovery, but have long since been “forgotten”, has proven to be an effective strategy for delivering next-generation antibiotics capable of combatting multidrug-resistant superbugs.
2,3-Diaroyl benzofurans from arynes: sequential synthesis of 2-aroyl benzofurans followed by benzoylation
Authors: Neog Kashmiri , Das Babulal , Gogoi Pranjal
Published: April 2018

A cascade synthetic strategy for the direct synthesis of 2-aroyl benzofurans from aryne precursors has been described. The synthesized 2-aroyl benzofurans were further benzoylated for the synthesis of 2,3-diaroyl benzofurans.
A convergent formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition of 1,6-diynes and benzyl azides: construction of spiro-polyheterocycles
Authors: Bao Ming , Lu Wei , Su Han , Qiu Lihua , Xu Xinfang
Published: April 2018

A convergent one-pot formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction for the construction of structurally appealing spiro-tetrahydroquinolines has been developed.
An ultrathin SiO2 blocking layer to suppress interfacial recombination for efficient Sb2S3-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Xu Yafeng , Chen Wenyong , Ding Xihong , Pan Xu , Hu Linhua , Yang Shangfeng , Zhu Jun , Dai Songyuan
Published: April 2018

An SiO2 thin layer efficiently suppresses the recombination at the TiO2/Sb2S3 interface and enhances the photovoltaic performance of Sb2S3 sensitized solar cells.
Teaching an old molecule new tricks: evidence and rationalisation of the slow magnetisation dynamics in [DyTp2Acac]
Authors: Guégan Frédéric , Riobé François , Maury Olivier , Jung Julie , Le Guennic Boris , Morell Christophe , Luneau Dominique
Published: April 2018

Combined analyses of magnetic and luminescence measurements, with the support of theoretical calculations, help elucidate the origin of [DyTp2Acac]'s SMM behaviour.
Total synthesis of (±)-(1β,4β,4aβ,8aα)-4,8a-dimethyl-octahydro-naphthalene-1,4a(2H)-diol
Authors: Liu Qingyin , Han Li , Qin Bing , Mu Yu , Guan Peipei , Wang Songyao , Huang Xueshi
Published: April 2018

The first total synthesis of (±)-(1β,4β,4aβ,8aα)-4,8a-dimethylocta-hydronaphthalene-1,4a(2H)-diol (1), a degraded sesquiterpene isolated from a fermentation broth of Streptomyces albolongus, has been achieved via three different synthetic approaches (13–15 steps) starting from racemic Wieland–Miescher ketone (2).
Chemical activation of prolyl hydroxylase-2 by BBAP-1 down regulates hypoxia inducible factor-1α and fatty acid synthase for mammary gland chemoprevention
Authors: Singh Manjari , Devi Uma , Roy Subhadeep , Gupta Pushpraj S. , Kaithwas Gaurav
Published: April 2018

(4-[7-(Acetyloxy)-2-ethyl-2H-chromen-3-yl] phenyl acetate) (BBAP-1) was identified as a potential prolyl hydroxylase-2 activator and tested for this activity using the 2-oxoglutarate dependentin vitroassay.
Short timescale wetting and penetration on porous sheets measured with ultrasound, direct absorption and contact angle
Authors: Sarah Krainer , Ulrich Hirn
Published: April 2018

Liquid penetration and wetting on thin, porous media is studied using three different measurement methods, and using testing liquids with tailored viscosity, polarity and surface tension.
New insights into the treatment of realN,N-dimethylacetamide contaminated wastewater using a membrane bioreactor and its membrane fouling implications
Authors: Zhuo Maoshui , Abass Olusegun K. , Zhang Kaisong
Published: April 2018

Treatment ofN,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) wastewater is an important step in achieving the sustainable industrial application of DMAC as an organic solvent.
Enhanced hydroformylation of 1-octene in n-butane expanded solvents with Co-based complexes
Authors: Liu Dupeng , Xie Zhuanzhuan , Snavely William Kirk , Chaudhari Raghunath , Subramaniam Bala
Published: April 2018

The use of n-butane expanded liquids (BXLs) as reaction media to enhance Co-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1-octene has been successfully demonstrated.
Sonocrystallization of poly(3-hexylthiophene) in a marginal solvent
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Liu Ying , Ma Xuyan , Deng Haoyun , Zheng Yue , Liu Fengquan , Zhou Jianjun , Li Lin , Huo Hong
Published: April 2018

The application of ultrasonication to P3HT in anisole can dramatically affect the crystallization of P3HT.
The quest for high glass transition temperature bioplastics
Authors: Nguyen Ha Thi Hoang , Qi Pengxu , Rostagno Mayra , Feteha Amr , Miller Stephen A.
Published: April 2018

This review describes recent strategies for synthesizing polymers that are mostly or fully biobased and exhibit a high glass transition temperature.
An ethynyl-linked Fe/Co heterometallic phthalocyanine conjugated polymer for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Liu Wenping , Hou Yuxia , Pan Houhe , Liu Wenbo , Qi Dongdong , Wang Kang , Jiang Jianzhuang , Yao Xiangdong
Published: April 2018

A heterometallic phthalocyanine 2D conjugated polymer with an alternate distribution of Fe and Co fragments has been fabricated, exhibiting excellent oxygen reduction reaction catalytic activity comparable to Pt/C.
High-energy nanostructured Na3V2(PO4)2O1.6F1.4 cathodes for sodium-ion batteries and a new insight into their redox chemistry
Authors: Li Chao , Shen Ming , Hu Bei , Lou Xiaobing , Zhang Xi , Tong Wei , Hu Bingwen
Published: April 2018

Nanostructured Na3V2(PO4)2O1.6F1.4 fabricated via a rapid microwave-assisted solvothermal procedure exhibits impressive power performance, the V3+/V4+ and V4+/V5+ couples are active during electrochemical process.
Mechanical energy harvester based on cashmere fibers
Authors: Wang Lingyun , Yang Xiya , Daoud Walid A.
Published: April 2018

A cashmere based mechanical energy harvester is developed for the first time. The surface properties of cashmere changed upon solvent treatment, thus impacting the electrification output where the highest output is achieved when cashmere is treated with Tween 20.
Defect-rich (Co–CoS2)x@Co9S8 nanosheets derived from monomolecular precursor pyrolysis with excellent catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhang Xinwen , Liu Yanyan , Gao Jie , Han Guosheng , Hu Meifang , Wu Xianli , Cao Huaqiang , Wang Xiangyu , Li Baojun
Published: April 2018

Defect-rich Co9S8-based nanosheets with excellent catalytic properties present a new way to rationally design advanced electrocatalysts.
Transition-metal-oxide-based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Wang Yao , Li Jing , Wei Zidong
Published: April 2018

Recent advances in the electrical conductivity, intrinsic activity and morphology design of transition-metal-oxide-based oxygen reduction catalysts are summarized.
Ag-modified ultrathin Bi12O17Cl2 nanosheets: photo-assisted Ag exfoliation synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Wang Yaozhu , Huang Xueyan , Wang Kaiqiang , Zhang Lulu , Wang Bo , Fang Zhibin , Zhao Yan , Gao Fan , Liu Ping , Feng Wenhui
Published: April 2018

Ultrathin Bi12O17Cl2 nanosheets, with the thickness of 3–4 nm, were prepared by the photo-assisted Ag exfoliation method.
Direct fabrication of tri-metallic PtPdCu tripods with branched exteriors for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Wang Hongjing , Yin Shuli , Xu You , Li Xiaonian , Alshehri Abdulmohsen Ali , Yamauchi Yusuke , Xue Hairong , Kaneti Yusuf Valentino , Wang Liang
Published: April 2018

A one-step method is developed for the fabrication of PtPdCu tripods with branched exteriors for the oxygen reduction reaction.
Oriented attachment growth of hundred-nanometer-size LaTaON2 single crystals in molten salts for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Zhou Junkang , Zhou Chenguang , Shi Zhan , Xu Zhe , Yan Shicheng , Zou Zhigang
Published: April 2018

Largely-sized single crystal photocatalyst was prepared by oriented attachment (OA) in molten salt.
Highly permeable thermally rearranged polymer composite membranes with a graphene oxide scaffold for gas separation
Authors: Kim Seungju , Hou Jue , Wang Yuqi , Ou Ranwen , Simon George P. , Seong Jong Geun , Lee Young Moo , Wang Huanting
Published: April 2018

A 2D scaffold of graphene oxide is formed inside a polymer to assist the fabrication of a defect-free and ultrathin (<40 nm) selective layer of thermally rearranged polybenzoxazole-co-imide membrane for energy-efficient CO2 separation.
Highly photoluminescent carbon dots derived from linseed and their applications in cellular imaging and sensing
Authors: Song Yang , Yan Xu , Li Zhaohui , Qu Lingbo , Zhu Chengzhou , Ye Ranfeng , Li Suiqiong , Du Dan , Lin Yuehe
Published: April 2018

The facile synthesis of a new type of bright CDs through an eco-friendly method that employs linseed as a natural precursor has been reported.
Fluoride doped γ-Fe2O3nanoparticles with increased MRI relaxivity
Authors: Jones N. E. , Burnett C. A. , Salamon S. , Landers J. , Wende H. , Lazzarini L. , Gibbs P. , Pickles M. , Johnson B. R. G. , Evans D. J. , Archibald S. J. , Francesconi M. G.
Published: April 2018

Fluoride doping in γ-Fe2O3nanoparticles induces large increases in magnetic anisotropy and relaxivities,r1andr2.
Super tough magnetic hydrogels for remotely triggered shape morphing
Authors: Tang Jingda , Tong Zongfei , Xia Yukun , Liu Ming , Lv Zengyao , Gao Yang , Lu Tongqing , Xie Shejuan , Pei Yongmao , Fang Daining , Wang T. J.
Published: April 2018

Soft 2D structures based on tough magnetic hydrogels can be remotely triggered to evolve into 3D shapes in a magnetic field.
Resonant phonon scattering in semiconductors
Authors: Dongre Bonny , Carrete Jesús , Katre Ankita , Mingo Natalio , Madsen Georg K. H.
Published: April 2018

The origins of the dramatic effect of some dopants on the thermal conductivity of semiconductors are studied. By analyzing the cases of B-doped 3C-SiC, B-doped diamond, N-doped diamond and a simple linear chain model, small symmetry breaking structural distortions and a high density of states are identified as the key ingredients in resonant phonon scattering.
Model‐based accuracy enhancements for guarded conductivity measurements: determination of effective electrode areas utilising numerical field simulation
Authors: Freye Claudius , Jenau Frank
Published: April 2018

Methods utilising current measurements for conductivity and permittivity determination require precise knowledge of the effective electrode area in order to obtain accurate results. Owing to field distortions (e.g. caused by fringing) in guarded electrode setups, the effective electrode area differs significantly from the geometrical calculated. Focusing on guarded electrode setups for conductivity determination, a generic method based on numerical field simulation is presented allowing a convenient determination of the relevant effective electrode area. For this purpose, a brief overview of yet existing normative guidelines and related research work is provided. State‐of‐the‐art conductivity measurement setups are presented in order to identify parameters which affect the field distribution within the measurement arrangements. The description of the implemented method and its realisation in COMSOL multiphysics is followed by its validation using analytical fringing calculations. Furthermore, presented method is used for the evaluation of fringing effects and additional field distortion caused by design aspects of the measurement cell itself and potential imbalances related to the measurement setup. Moreover, dependencies on conductivity of the surrounding environment are considered. Achieved model‐based accuracy enhancements are calculated and are leading to a gain in precision for conductivity determination of up to 25% compared to yet existing approaches.
QCA circuit design of n ‐bit non‐restoring binary array divider
Authors: Almatrood Amjad F. , Singh Harpreet
Published: April 2018

The physical limitations of complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology have led many researchers to consider other alternative technologies. Quantum‐dot cellular automate (QCA) is one of the nanotechnologies that is being considered as possible replacements for CMOS. In this paper, a QCA circuit for an n ‐bit non‐restoring binary array divider (NRD) is designed. The proposed divider is developed using multi‐layer and a QCA structure of the three‐input XOR function. Compared to the previously proposed QCA designs for NRD, the proposed design provides further reduction in cell count, latency, and area. The results for a NRD show that the proposed design enables 14.8, 14.8, and 20.3% reductions in cell count, latency, and area, respectively. In addition, the proposed divider achieves 5.5, 18.8, and 33.1% reductions in cell count, latency, and area, respectively, compared to the existing designs.
Formation of globular clusters with multiple stellar populations from massive gas clumps in high-z gas-rich dwarf galaxies
Authors: Bekki K.
Published: April 2018

Context. One of the currently favored scenarios for the formation of globular clusters (GCs) with multiple stellar populations is that an initial massive stellar system forms (“first generation”, FG), subsequently giving rise to gaseous ejecta which is converted into a second-generation (SG) of stars to form a GC. How such GCs with such FG and SG populations form and evolve, however, remains unclear.

Aims. We therefore investigate, for the first time, the sequential formation processes of both FG and SG stars from star-forming massive gas clumps in gas-rich dwarf disk galaxies.

Methods. We adopt a novel approach to resolve the two-stage formation of GCs in hydrodynamical simulations of dwarf galaxies. In the new simulations, new gas particles that are much less massive than their parent star particle are generated around each new star particle when the new star enters into the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase. Furthermore, much finer maximum time step width (~105 yr) and smaller softening length (~2 pc) are adopted for such AGB gas particles to properly resolve the ejection of gas from AGB stars and AGB feedback effects. Therefore, secondary star formation from AGB ejecta can be properly investigated in galaxy-scale simulations.

Results. An FG stellar system can first form from a massive gas clump developing due to gravitational instability within its host gas-rich dwarf galaxy. Initially the FG stellar system is not a single massive cluster, but instead is composed of several irregular stellar clumps (or filaments) with a total mass larger than 106 M⊙. While the FG system is dynamically relaxing, gaseous ejecta from AGB stars can be gravitationally trapped by the FG system and subsequently converted into new stars to form a compact SG stellar system within the FG system. Interestingly, about 40% of AGB ejecta is from stars that do not belong to the FG system (“external gas accretion”). FG and SG stellar systems have different amplitudes of internal rotation and V∕σ. The mass-density (MSG−ρSG) relation for SG stellar systems can be approximated as ρSG ∝ MSG1.5. There can be a threshold total mass of GC host galaxies (Mth = [5 − 23] × 109 M⊙) beyond which the formation of GCs with compact SG stellar systems is possible. Both the initial baryonic mass fraction and the gas mass fraction in dwarfs are crucial parameters that determine whether or not GCs can contain multiple stellar populations. GCs with compact SG stellar systems are more likely to form in dwarf disks with larger gas mass fractions and higher surface mass densities. Formation of binary GCs with SGs and the subsequent GC merging are clearly seen in some models. The derived external gas-accretion process in FG systems initially consisting of stellar clumps will need to be investigated further in more sophisticated simulations.
Degeneracies between modified gravity and baryonic physics
Authors: Ellewsen Thor A. S. , Falck Bridget , Mota David F.
Published: April 2018

In order to determine the observable signatures of modified gravity theories, it is important to consider the effect of baryonic physics. We used a modified version of the ISIS code to run cosmological hydrodynamic simulations in order to study degeneracies between modified gravity and radiative hydrodynamic processes. One of the simulations was the standard Λ cold dark matter model and four were variations of the Symmetron model. For each model we ran three variations of baryonic processes: nonradiative hydrodynamics; cooling and star formation; and cooling, star formation, and supernova feedback. We constructed stacked gas density, temperature, and dark matter density profiles of the halos in the simulations, and studied the differences between them. We find that both radiative variations of the models show degeneracies between their processes and at least two of the three parameters defining the Symmetron model.
From the earliest pulses to the latest flares in long gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Pescalli A. , Ronchi M. , Ghirlanda G. , Ghisellini G.
Published: April 2018

The prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts extends from the early pulses observed in γ-rays (>15 keV) to very late flares of X-ray photons (0.3–10 keV). The duration of prompt γ-ray pulses is rather constant, while the width of X-ray flares correlates with their peak time, suggesting a possibly different origin. However, pulses and flares have similar spectral properties. Considering internal and external shock scenarios, we derive how the energy and duration of pulses scale with their time of occurrence, and we compare this with observations. The absence of an observed correlation between the prompt emission pulse duration and its time of occurrence favours an “internal” origin and confirms earlier results. We show that the energetic and temporal properties of X-ray flares are also consistent with being produced by internal shocks between slow fireballs with a small contrast between their bulk Lorentz factors. These results relax the requirement of a long-lasting central engine to explain the latest X-ray flares.
Distances from the tip of the red giant branch to the dwarf galaxies dw1335-29 and dw1340-30 in the Centaurus group
Authors: Müller Oliver , Rejkuba Marina , Jerjen Helmut
Published: April 2018

Context. The abundance and spatial distribution of dwarf galaxies are excellent empirical benchmarks against which to test models of structure formation on small scales. The nearby Centaurus group, with its two subgroups centered on Cen A and M 83, stands out as an important alternative to the Local Group for scrutinizing cosmological model predictions in a group of galaxies context.

Aims. We have obtained deep optical images of three recently discovered M 83 satellite galaxy candidates with the FORS2 instrument mounted on the Very Large Telescope. We aim to confirm their group membership and study their stellar population.

Methods. Deep V I-band photometry was used to resolve the brightest stars in our targets. Artificial star tests are performed to estimate the completeness and uncertainties of the photometry. The color-magnitude diagrams reveal the red giant branch (RGB) stars, allowing us to use the Sobel edge detection method to measure the magnitude of the RGB tip and thus derive distances and group membership for our targets. The mean metallicity of the dwarf galaxies were further determined by fitting BASTI model isochrones to the mean RGB locus.

Results. We confirm the two candidates, dw1335-29 and dw1340-30, to be dwarf satellites of the M 83 subgroup, with estimated distances of 5.03 ± 0.24 Mpc and 5.06 ± 0.24 Mpc, respectively. Their respective mean metallicities of ⟨[Fe/H]⟩ = −1.79 ± 0.4 and ⟨[Fe/H]⟩ = −2.27 ± 0.4 are consistent with the metallicity–luminosity relation for dwarf galaxies. The third candidate, dw1325-33, could not be resolved into stars due to insufficiently deep images, implying its distance must be larger than 5.3 Mpc. Using the two newly derived distances we assess the spatial distribution of the galaxies in the M 83 subgroup and discuss a potential plane-of-satellites around M 83.
Basiskonzepte, die greifen
Authors: Dreismickenbecker Gisela
Published: April 2018

Ernährungsumstellung – vor allem das Meiden arachidonsäurehaltiger Nahrungsmittel – hilft, entzündungsunterhaltende Faktoren zu minimieren. Ausleitende Verfahren wie Aderlass- und Blutegeltherapie wirken ebenfalls antientzündlich sowie umstimmend. Die Behandlung der Darmdysbiose mit einem antimykotischen und einem mikrobiologischen Präparat wirkt sich positiv auf die Arthritis aus.Ernährungsumstellung – vor allem das Meiden arachidonsäurehaltiger Nahrungsmittel – hilft, entzündungsunterhaltende Faktoren zu minimieren. Ausleitende Verfahren wie Aderlass- und Blutegeltherapie wirken ebenfalls antientzündlich sowie umstimmend. Die Behandlung der Darmdysbiose mit einem antimykotischen und einem mikrobiologischen Präparat wirkt sich positiv auf die Arthritis aus.
Heilsames Süßholz raspeln
Authors: Beck Andrea
Published: April 2018

Die Süßholzwurzel, kulinarisch in Form von Lakritze bekannt, wurde bereits im Altertum zu Würz- und Heilzwecken verwendet. Man verwendet die Wurzeln von Glycyrrhiza glabra (echtes Süßholz) mit seinen vielfältigen Inhaltsstoffen für verschiedene Indikationen wie Husten und Magenbeschwerden.
Dysbiose: Von der Therapie zur Abrechnung
Authors: Gundacker Stefanie
Published: April 2018

Traditionelle Naturheilverfahren liefern für alltägliche Praxisfälle eine Fülle wirksamer Instrumente und multimodaler Therapiestrategien. Bei Eva B. konnten unter anderem Ausleitungsverfahren nach gezielten regulatorischen Impulsen und Basentherapien Magen-Darm-Störungen zum Abheilen bringen. Kenntnisse über das GebüH und die Erstattungspraxis von privaten Krankenversicherungen und Beihilfe erleichtern die Abrechnung und gewährleisten die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Praxis.
Auf den Spuren einer mittelalterlichen Heilerin
Authors: Konrat Viktoria
Published: April 2018

In ihrem Roman „Die Arznei der Könige“ erzählt die Autorin Sabine Weiß die Geschichte der historischen Figur Medica Jakoba. Sie war eine junge Heilerin, die wegen ihrer als Frau unerlaubten medizinischen Tätigkeit im 14. Jahrhundert in Paris angeklagt und verurteilt wurde.
Das Prüfbare nachweisen, um das Nicht-Prüfbare zu erhalten
Authors: Bierbach Elvira
Published: April 2018

Seit dem 22. März 2018 sind die bundeseinheitlichen Leitlinien zur Überprüfung von Heilpraktikern in Kraft. In den Prüfungskanon wurden nun auch Themen wie naturheilkundliche Behandlungen, invasive Maßnahmen und Qualitätssicherung aufgenommen. Ein Gespräch mit DHZ-Herausgeberin Elvira Bierbach über die Umsetzung in der Überprüfungspraxis sowie Chancen für den Berufsstand und für seine Zukunft.
Rheuma und chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankungen
Authors: Lakomek H.-J. , Bokemeyer B.
Published: April 2018

Spondyloarthritiden unterteilen sich hinsichtlich der Skelettmanifestation in eine periphere und axiale Form und finden sich bei Morbus Crohn und Colitis ulcerosa in ca. 25 % der Fälle als extraintestinale Manifestation. Die Diagnostik beruht auf typischen klinischen Merkmalen bei der axialen Spondyloarthritis. Hier findet sich ein tiefer entzündlicher Rückenschmerz und eine Sakroiliitis (konventionell-radiologisch oder mittels MRT nachgewiesen). Die Diagnose der peripheren Beteiligung bei Spondyloarthritis richtet sich nach dem klinischen Bild unter Berücksichtigung von Krankheitsmerkmalen wie Arthritis, Enthesitis und Daktylitis. Im Vordergrund der Therapie der Spondyloarthritiden mit chronisch- entzündlicher Darmerkrankung (CED) steht neben der intensiven Physiotherapie die kurzfristige Gabe von nichtsteroidalen Antirheumatika (NSAR), da bei längerer Einnahme von NSAR Schübe der CED ausgelöst werden können. Cox-2-Hemmer können hier eine Alternative zu den herkömmlichen NSAR darstellen. Bei der axialen Spondyloarthritis sind Sulfasalazin und MTX weniger wirksam, weshalb möglichst früh eine Therapie mit Biologika gestartet werden sollte. Bei der Spondyloarthritis mit einer peripheren Arthritis können initial kurzfristig verabreichte orale Kortikosteroide effektiv sein, bei persistierender Arthritis kann eine Behandlung mit Sulfasalazin oder Methotrexat versucht werden. Auch für diese Verlaufsformen der Spondylo - arthritis gilt, bei therapieresistenten Fällen möglichst frühzeitig Biologika einzusetzen.