bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF PURSED LIPS BREATHING IN INCREASING OXYGEN SATURATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IN INTERNAL WARD 2 OF THE GENERAL HOSPITAL OF DR. R. SOEDARSONO PASURUAN
Authors: Budiono Budiono , Mustayah Mustayah , Aindrianingsih Aindrianingsih
Published: October 2019

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a leading cause of death and disability. Thus, the effort to reduce the symptoms, such as dyspnea is necessity. Pursed lip breathing is assumed increasing oxygen saturation.Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of pursed lips breathing in increasing oxygen saturation in patients with COPD in internal ward 2 of the General Hospital of Dr. R. Soedarsono Pasuruan on May 16 - June 30, 2017.Methods: This was a pre-experimental design with pre-posttest design. There were 24 patients with COPD selected using simple random sampling technique. Pulse oximetry (oximeter pulse fingertip) was used to measure oxygen saturation. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test.Results: Findings showed p-value 0.000 (0.05), which indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in oxygen saturation before and after pursed lips breathing.Conclusion: There was a significant effect of pursed lips breathing on oxygen saturation in patients with COPD in the internal ward 2 of the general hospital of Dr. R. Soedarsono Pasuruan. Thus, pursed lips breathing could be applied as a nursing intervention in patients with COPD.
EXPLORATION OF THE HEALTH IMPACT OF DOUBLE BURDEN OF MALNUTRITION AMONG BANGLADESHI WOMEN
Authors: Hasan Mehedi , Sutradhar Ipsita
Published: October 2019

Double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is a growing concern, which refers to the coexistence of under nutrition and over nutrition within the same population. The recent increase in the prevalence of overweight and existing prevalence of underweight among Bangladeshi women clearly indicates the advent of a double burden of malnutrition in Bangladesh. Women’s nutritional status is extremely important for a nation because it affects not only their own health but also the health of their children. Both under nutrition and over nutrition have the potential to make women vulnerable to various adverse health conditions as well as adverse obstetric experience and poor birth outcome. It is a timely need for policy makers of this country to come up with specific interventions for both undernourished and overnourished women considering all these factors.
HOTEL AND NIGHTCLUB DEVELOPMENT: A REFLECTED PERSPECTIVE OF SMOKE-FREE ZONE (SFZ) IMPLEMENTATION IN BOGOR CITY INDONESIA
Authors: Asyary Al , Veruswati Meita , Sulistiadi Wahyu
Published: October 2019

None
ANALYSES OF RADIATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN THE HIGH-VOLTAGE AIR DUCT (150 kV) CONSTRUCTION ON HEALTH
Authors: Jayadipraja Erwin Azizi
Published: October 2019

Background: High-voltage air ducts is the government program to supply electricity needs. However, in practice, obstacles have been identified in the form of rejection from the community due to the outstanding issues that high-voltage air ducts have an impact on health.Aim: This research aims to analysis the magnitude of electromagnetic wave radiation of high-voltage air ducts construction on health.Methods: The study was conducted by measuring electromagnetic wave radiation prior to high-voltage air ducts (150 kV) construction and predicting the amount of radiation generated after this operation and its impact on health.Result: The field measurement result showed that the highest strength of magnetic field in the absence of construction and operation activity of high-voltage air ducts 150 kV was 0.00085 mT and the highest electric field was 0.004241251 V/m. The results of the magnetic field strength analysis showed that the highest strength of magnetic field and electric field when the high-voltage air ducts is completed and operated was magnetic field of 0.00415 mT and electric field of 38.4 V/m. The value was far lower than the standard limits recommended by IRPA / INIRC, WHO1990 and SNI 04-6950-2003. The allowed electric field strength is 5 kV / m and the allowed magnetic field strength is 0.1 mT.Conclusion: Electromagnetic wave radiation of High-Voltage Air Ducts is not exceeded the allowed limit, so it will not cause a direct risk to health.
FAMILY CLEAN AND HEALTHY LIVING BEHAVIOR AND ITS DETERMINANT FACTORS IN THE VILLAGE OF LABUNIA, REGENCY OF MUNA, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI PROVINCE OF INDONESIA
Authors: Jayadipraja Erwin Azizi , Prasetya Fikki , Azlimin Azlimin , Mando Wa Ode Sitti Yuliana
Published: October 2019

Background: The campaign of a clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) in Indonesia continues to be conducted to improve the public health. During five years of monitoring (2012-2015) the highest PHBS rate in Southeast Sulawesi reached only 49.75% in 2013. While PHBS data in Labunia Village of Muna Regency reached only 7.71% in 2015.Objective: This study aims to determine the factors associated with the clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) of family in the Village of Labunia, regency of Muna, Southeast Sulawesi province of Indonesia.Methods: This was observational analytics with cross-sectional design study. The populations of the study were all household heads who lived in Labunia Village which were 293 households and 75 samples were selected using simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using chi-square test.Result: Of the total of respondents, 36% of family implemented PHBS and 64% of them did not implement PHBS. There were 16% of respondents had good knowledge, 48% of good attitude, and 45.3% of good actions in PHBS. Chi square test results obtained a significant correlation between knowledge, attitude and action in PHBS with p = 0.00 (0.05).Conclusion: There was a moderate correlation between knowledge, attitudes and actions towards the family clean and healthy living behavior in the Village of Labunia, regency of Muna, Southeast Sulawesi province of Indonesia.
DO WOMEN IN RURAL AREAS STILL PREFER HOMEBIRTH WITH TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS? A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF WOMEN IN RURAL AREA OF KUTAI KERTANEGARA EAST KALIMANTAN
Authors: Nurrachmawati Annisa , Hakimi Moh. , Utarini Adi
Published: October 2019

Background: There continues to be a gap between facility-based delivery and homebirth. This condition is influenced by various social and cultural factors, which in rural areas could affect childbirth in health facilities.Objective: This study aimed to explore whether there has been a shift from homebirth to facility-based delivery and what factors are associated with the phenomenon.Method: A qualitative longitudinal research with ethnographic study design was conducted in the working area of Muara Kaman Health Center in Kutai Kertanegara District, East Kalimantan. The data were collected using in-depth interviews of 17 pregnant women as informants who were followed from the first or second trimester of pregnancy until delivery, and interviews with four midwives. Data were analyzed with thematic analysis.Results: Nine of the 17 women gave birth at the health facility, while there were still three who had homebirth assisted by traditional birth attendants. The number of women who performed deliveries at health facilities was increased from five in the previous pregnancy to nine in the current pregnancy during study. Women’s autonomy and risk awareness were considered as enablers for delivery at health facilities, while perception of homebirth as appropriate for normal labor, unnecessary planning of place and birth attendants, and less optimum partnership between midwife and traditional birth attendants hindered facility-based delivery.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the shift from homebirth to facility-based delivery has been slow. Efforts to minimize the barriers and improve supportive environment for women to deliver at health facilities should be strengthened.
DIFFERENCES OF MATERNAL SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS WITH SPONTANEOUS PRETERM BIRTH AMONG HOSPITALS IN INDONESIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Herman Sriyana , Santoso Budi , Djoewono Hermanto Tri
Published: October 2019

Background: Maternal sociodemographic characteristics can be used to prevent preterm birth.Objective: To identify differences in maternal sociodemographic characteristics with spontaneous preterm birth among hospitals in East Java, Indonesia.Methods: This was a descriptive study with comparative design in 134 mothers who experienced preterm birth at eight hospitals. Data were analyzed using Independent samples t-test.Result: Sixteen variables were significantly different in maternal sociodemographic characteristics with spontaneous preterm birth among eight hospitals, namely: gestational age (CI 95%:10.97-0.02, p 0.049), maternal age (CI 95%:0.46-11.03, p 0.035), smoking (CI 95%:9.98-19.01 p 0.001), Edinburgh Postnatal Distress Scale (EPDS) (CI 95%:6.90-17.09, p 0.001), the fetus mobile (CI 95%:2.41-11.58, p 0.006), the number of visits during pregnancy (CI 95%:5.63-14.36, p 0.001), history of premature (CI 95%:7.76-15.73, p 0.001), history of disease (CI 95%:9.02-18.97, p 0.001), history of abortion (CI 95%:9.34-18.65, p 0.000), height (CI 95%:9.66-18.83, p 0.001), BMI (CI 95%:0.75-11.74, p 0.029), Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) (CI 95%:2.53-12.96, p 0.007), periodontal infection by (CI 95%:6.04-15.45, p 0.001), bleeding in young and old pregnancy (CI 95%:7.71-17.28, p 0.001), anemia status (CI 95%:2.30-10.19, p 0.004) and BV status (CI95%:9.05-20.45, p 0.001).Conclusion: There were significant disparities in maternal sociodemographic characteristics with preterm birth among hospitals. Our findings can be used as the basic data for future research in an effort to prevent premature birth disorders based on maternal sociodemographic characteristic.
THE EFFECT OF TOUCH THERAPY ON BODY TEMPERATURE IN NEWBORNS IN THE SELE BE SOLU HOSPITAL, SORONG CITY, PAPUA, INDONESIA
Authors: Pongoh Ariani
Published: October 2019

Background: Newborns are not able to regulate their body temperature directly and are quickly getting cold. If heat loss is not immediately prevented, the baby will experience hypothermia and is at risk of falling ill leading to death. Hypothermia is a decrease in body temperature below 36.50C. One way to handle it is by giving touch therapy.Objective:  This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of touch therapy to stabilize baby temperature in newborns in Sele Be Solu Hospital in Sorong City, Papua Indonesia.Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest control group design. There were 32 patients, which 16 patients were assigned in the intervention group and the control group. Data were analyzed using Independent t-test.Results: The results showed that there was a significant increase in the body temperature of newborns in the intervention group (p=.000).Conclusion:  Touch therapy is effective for increasing body temperature in the newborns.
THE MILLENNIALS AND THE NEW ERA OF BULLYING IN INDONESIA
Authors: Gunawan Joko
Published: October 2019

N/A
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF INHALATION EXPOSURE TO SO2 AND NO2 AMONG TRADERS IN A TRADITIONAL MARKET
Authors: Gusti Aria
Published: October 2019

Background: Air pollution is a global problem that is almost experienced by all countries. Causes of air pollution usually come from motor vehicles and industrial sources. One of places filled with transportations in community is a traditional marketObjective: This study aimed to asses the health risk of inhalation exposure to SO2 and NO2 on traders in the Siteba Market Padang City, Indonesia.Methods: This was a descriptive quantitative research with Environmental Health Risk Analysis method (EHRA). The concentrations of SO2 and NO2 were measured at three different points in a total of  81 respondents who were randomly selected.Results: Findings showed that the average of SO2 concentration was equal to 113 mg/m3, and the average NO2 concentration was 3 mg/m3. SO2 and NO2 exposure assessment on the traders were 0.005204 mg / kg / day and 0.00015604 mg / kg / day respectively. And the results of calculation of exposure risk characterization of SO2 and NO2 were at risk level (RQ) of 1.Conclusion: It can be concluded that ambient air quality was safe although the complaints and discomforts among traders were still found. Therefore, further research to assess the other air quality parameters that affect the respiratory distress perceived by market traders is needed.
A New Calibration of Star Formation Rate in Galaxies Based on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emission
Authors: Xie Yanxia , Ho Luis C.
Published: October 2019

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission has long been proposed to be a potential star formation rate indicator, as it arises from the photodissociation region bordering the Strömgren sphere of young, massive stars. We apply a recently developed technique of mid-infrared spectral decomposition to obtain a uniform set of PAH measurements from Spitzer low-resolution spectra of a large sample of star-forming galaxies spanning a wide range in stellar mass (M
⋆ ≈ 106–1011.4
M
⊙) and star formation rate (∼0.1–2000 M
⊙ yr−1). High-resolution spectra are also analyzed to measure [Ne ii] 12.8 μm and [Ne iii] 15.6 μm, which effectively trace the Lyman continuum. We present a new relation between PAH luminosity and star formation rate based on the [Ne ii] and [Ne iii] lines. Calibrations are given for the integrated 5–15 μm PAH emission, the individual features at 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, and 11.3 μm, as well as several mid-infrared bandpasses sensitive to PAH. We confirm that PAH emission is suppressed in low-mass dwarf galaxies, and we discuss the possible physical origin of this effect.
Variable Hard X-Ray Emission from the Central Star of the Eskimo Nebula
Authors: Guerrero Martín A. , Toalá Jesús A. , Chu You-Hua
Published: October 2019

The central star of NGC 2392 shows the hardest X-ray emission among central stars of planetary nebulae (CSPNe). The recent discovery of a spectroscopic companion with an orbital period of 1.9 days could provide an explanation for its hard X-ray emission, as well as for the collimation of its fast outflow. Here, we analyze the available Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray observations to determine accurately the spectral and temporal variation properties of the CSPN of NGC 2392. The X-ray emission can be described by an absorbed thermal plasma model with temperature

MK and X-ray luminosity (8.7 ± 1.0) × 1030 erg s−1. No long-term variability is detected in the X-ray emission level, but the Chandra light curve is suggestive of short-term variations with a period ∼0.26 days. The possible origins of this X-ray emission are discussed. X-ray emission from the coronal activity of a companion or shocks in the stellar wind can be ruled out. Accretion of material from an unseen main-sequence companion onto the CSPN or from the CSPN wind onto a white dwarf companion are the most plausible origins for its hard X-ray emission, although the mismatch between the rotational period of the CSPN and the modulation timescale of the X-ray emission seems to preclude the former possibility.
The Recent Burstiness of Star Formation in Galaxies at z ∼ 4.5 from Hα Measurements
Authors: Faisst Andreas L. , Capak Peter L. , Emami Najmeh , Tacchella Sandro , Larson Kirsten L.
Published: October 2019

The redshift range z = 4–6 marks a transition phase between primordial and mature galaxy formation in which galaxies considerably increase their stellar mass, metallicity, and dust content. The study of galaxies in this redshift range is therefore important to understanding early galaxy formation and the fate of galaxies at later times. Here, we investigate the burstiness of the recent star formation history (SFH) of 221z ∼ 4.5 main-sequence galaxies at

by comparing their ultra-violet (UV) continuum, Hα luminosity, and Hα equivalent-width (EW). The Hα properties are derived from the Spitzer [3.6 μm]−[4.5 μm] broadband color, thereby properly taking into account model and photometric uncertainties. We find a significant scatter between Hα- and UV-derived luminosities and star formation rates (SFRs). About half of the galaxies show a significant excess in Hα compared to expectations from a constant smooth SFH. We also find a tentative anticorrelation between Hα EW and stellar mass, ranging from 1000 Å at

to below 100 Å at

. Consulting models suggests that most z ∼ 4.5 galaxies had a burst of star formation within the last 50 Myr, increasing their SFRs by a factor of >5. The most massive galaxies on the other hand might decrease their SFRs and may be transitioning to a quiescent stage by z = 4. We identify differential dust attenuation (f) between stars and nebular regions as the main contributor to the uncertainty. With local galaxies selected by increasing Hα EW (reaching values similar to high-z galaxies), we predict that f approaches unity at z > 4, consistent with the extrapolation of measurements out to z = 2.
Large-amplitude Quasiperiodic Pulsations as Evidence of Impulsive Heating in Hot Transient Loop Systems Detected in the EUV with SDO/AIA
Authors: Reale Fabio , Testa Paola , Petralia Antonino , Kolotkov Dmitrii Y.
Published: October 2019

Short heat pulses can trigger plasma pressure fronts inside closed magnetic tubes in the corona. The alternation of condensations and rarefactions from the pressure modes drive large-amplitude pulsations in the plasma emission. Here we show the detection of such pulsations along magnetic tubes that brighten transiently in the hot 94 Å EUV channel of the Solar Dynamics Observatory/AIA. The pulsations are consistent with those predicted by hydrodynamic loop modeling, and confirm pulsed heating in the loop system. The comparison of observations and model provides constraints on the heat deposition: a good agreement requires loop twisting and pulses deposited close to the footpoints with a duration of 0.5 minutes in one loop, and deposited in the corona with a duration of 2.5 minutes in another loop of the same loop system.
In Memoriam: Dr. Sergey V. Zhirov (1966–2017)
Authors: Kuznetsova Valentina , Golub Natalia , Petrova Ninel , Lukhtanov Vladimir , Anokhin Boris , Khabazova Natalia , Shapoval Nazar , Gavrilov-Zimin Ilya
Published: October 2019

No
Evidence-Based Guideline: Changing the Practice of Physical Restraint Use in Acute Care
Authors: Park Myonghwa , Tang Jane Hsiao-Chen , Adams Susan , Titler Marita G.
Published: October 2019

EXCERPT

The use of physical restraints in health care institutions has been an acceptable and frequent aspect of care (Minnick, Mion, Leipzig, Lamb, & Palmer, 1998; Whitman, Davidson, Rudy, & Sereika, 2001). However, a growing body of knowledge calls to question the use of restraints because there is little evidence to support the assumption that restraints prevent injuries (Maccioli et al., 2003; Woo, Hui, Chan, Chi, & Sham, 2004). Evidence has shown the adverse effects of restraint use and its ineffectiveness in preventing falls and injuries (Capezuti, 2004; Capezuti, Maislin, Strumpf, & Evans, 2002). The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) (JCAHO, 2000) has challenged the routine use of physical restraints and supported reduction in the use of restraints in hospitals.
Incorporating Geriatric Content into an Undergraduate Parent–Child Nursing Course—An Innovative Approach
Authors: Fowles Eileen R. , Kennell Lynn
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this article is to describe the development of an innovative educational strategy for incorporating geriatric content into an undergraduate parent–child nursing course. Faculty supervised the development of an interactive media-based module that met content objectives for the parent–child course and included the functional assessment of the geriatric client living in a home setting. Students found this module to be a creative, user-friendly, and practical application of theory to a realistic clinical situation. This strategy successfully infused geriatric content into a pediatric course to enhance students’ abilities to care for older adults.
The Geriatric Training Academy: Innovative Education for Certified Nurse Aides and Charge Nurses
Authors: Cherry Barbara , Marshall-Gray Paula , Laurence Ann , Green Alexia , Valadez Ana , Scott-Tilley Donna , Merritt Pearl
Published: October 2019

Quality care for the rapidly growing number of older Americans is a major challenge facing the health care industry today. With the baby-boom generation “coming of age”—older age—the need for quality long-term care workers is on the rise. It is estimated that the number of persons needing assisted or alternative living arrangements will increase from 15 million in 2000 to 27 million in 2050 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [HHS], 2003). In response to the rising demand for quality long-term care workers, the Geriatric Education and Training Academy (the Academy) was created at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC) to provide advanced geriatric education and training for certified nurse aides (CNA), licensed vocational nurses (LVN) and registered nurses (RN) who work in long-term care facilities. This article describes how the Academy is addressing the need for the recruitment, education, and retention of long-term care workers for the expanding geriatric population in West Texas.
Content Learning Indicator in Equivalence Checking between Skills Module and Academic Module for APEL Process
Authors: Amin Mohd N.F.M , Kaprawi N
Published: October 2019

Accreditation of Prior Experiential Learning (APEL) is an accreditation system involving assessment of a person's recognition of experience through formal, informal and non-formal learning. Generally, APEL pro-vides opportunity for individuals to gain access to higher learning institu-tions and gain credits in learning based on experience gained through equivalence checking. Therefore, this study aimed at obtaining feed-back/input on items for nine (9) content learning indicator domains that will be used for the determination of learning content in assessing the equivalence checking between the skills module and the academic module for the APEL process. The nine (9) domains are knowledge (current) in the field; practical skills; social skills & accountability; values, attitudes & professionalism; communication skills, leadership & teamwork; problem solving skills & scientific skills; management skills, entrepreneurship & innovation; information management & lifelong learning; and interdisci-plines. This study uses a quantitative approach which uses questionnaire to get feedback from respondents. A total of 32 respondents comprising lec-turers from seven (7) faculties of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. The data are analysed using Statistical Packages for Social Science 23.0 (SPSS 23.0). The finding of this study found that all the items in the Con-tent Learning Indicator in equivalence checking between skills module and academic module of the APEL process are very appropriate. Improvements are made such as feedback and recommendations provided by respondents.
Effective Strategies for Integrating Project Based Learning into Woodwork Technology Education and Understanding at Tertiary Institutes in Nigeria
Authors: Isa Muhammad Umar , Kamin Yusri Bin
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this examination is to research viable methodologies for in-corporating Project-based Learning (PoBL) in instructing and learning Woodwork Technology Education (WTE) at tertiary foundations in Nige-ria. A mixed-method approach including both quantitative and subjective technique was utilized for the investigation. The example of the examination involved 50 in-administration postgraduate understudies from Nigerian tertiary foundations concentrating Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in University Teknologi Malaysia for the quantitative perspective and 9 in-administration postgraduate understudies for the subjective part. A 16-thing organized poll was utilized for quantitative information accumulation while semi-organized meeting convention was utilized for subjective information gathering. Quantitative information was investigated utilizing SPSS programming variant 24 to process the rate and intend to demonstrate the degree of understanding or difference on things of the survey. NVIVO 12 was utilized for subjective data examination. Mem-ber check and pear questioning were utilized to build up the reliability of the interview convention. The principal discoveries of the examination un-covered that PoBL has not been embraced in WTE educating and learning at tertiary establishments of Nigeria, and the conventional instructional methodology including lecture, demonstration and task have been the instructional methodologies received. It was additionally uncovered from the discoveries that rebuilding of WTE educational plan at tertiary organizations in Nigeria to concentrate on a student-focused methodology, just as sorting out courses and workshops for WTE speakers to be familiar with the utilization of PoBL in WTE instructing and learning as a component of the successful techniques for incorporating PoBL in instructing and learn-ing WTE at tertiary establishments in Nigeria. PoBL is appropriate in the instructional procedures of courses like WTE which include intellectual and psychomotor aptitude procurement. At long last, the deficiencies of studies identifying with PobL in Nigeria illuminates the need to attempt this examination in WTE at tertiary organizations.
Les routes de l’exil des Vaudois du Piémont vers l’Allemagne (1636-1730)
Authors: de Lange Albert
Published: October 2019

Il y a une différence fondamentale entre l’exode des huguenots français, provoqué par la révocation de l’édit de Nantes, et celui des Vaudois du Piémont, en 1687, 1698 et 1730. Dans ces trois cas, il ne s’agit pas de fuite illégale, mais de « déportations », organisées et documentées par les autorités du Duc de Savoie. Nous sommes ainsi bien informés sur la route d’exil des Vaudois, d’autant que le pasteur Jacques Papon a publié un rapport sur la « déportation » de1698 : ce texte est réédité au terme de l’article.
Two-Stage Agitation Leaching of Old Flotation Tailings
Authors: Bulaev Aleksandr , Melamud Vitaliy , Boduen Anna
Published: October 2019

The goal of the present work was to develop hydrometallurgical approaches based on acid leaching for selective extraction of base metals from the sample of old flotation tailings as well as obtaining solution, which can be used for leaching of substandard copper-zinc concentrate. Old flotation tailings contained 23.2% of iron, 0.36% of copper, and 0.23% of zinc. Copper-zinc concentrate contained 23.8% of iron, 16% of copper, and 5.3% of zinc. Agitation leaching of old flotation tailings with distilled water and sulfuric acid solutions (of 0.5 to 10% H2SO4) for 3 h at pulp density of 20% made it possible to extract of 26 to 34% and of 58 to 70% of copper and zinc, respectively. Concentrations of copper and zinc in the pregnant solutions were of 0.19 to 0.25 g/L and of 0.27 to 0.32 g/L, respectively. The increase in H2SO4 concentration up to 10% did not lead to significant increase in base metals extraction but led to significant increase in iron ions concentration in the pregnant solutions. Pregnant solution obtained during the leaching with water contained less than 1 g/L of iron ions, while that obtained during the leaching with 10% sulfuric acid contained about 9 g/L of iron ions. Therefore, two-stage acid leaching with water and 10% sulfuric acid was proposed for selective extraction of non-ferrous metals in the first stage and obtaining of ferric iron solution in the second stage. Two-stage leaching at pulp density of 40% with water made it possible to extract 31 and 64% of copper and zinc, respectively. It was shown, that second stage did not allow to increase non-ferrous metals extraction but made it possible to obtain solution containing 11g/L of ferric iron. This pregnant solution was used for oxidative leaching of copper-zinc concentrate. Leaching at 80°C made it possible to extract 13 and 48% of copper and zinc, respectively.
Characterization of Crack Growth Behavior of Carburized SCM415 Steel under Cyclic Rotating Bending
Authors: Matsueda Takahiro , Ushizima Kei , Mizobe Koshiro , Kida Katsuyuki
Published: October 2019

Carburized steel was used in severe and cyclic loading conditions such as bearing and structural components. In this study rotating bending fatigue tests were carried out to observe the crack initiation and propagation behavior of carburized JIS SCM415 steel bar whose diameter was 10.0 mm. Transition area origin (TRO) crack on fracture surfaces were observed with scanning electron microscope. The depth of fracture origins was about 0.9 mm. TRO crack was observed around the fracture origin which was nucleated at the edge of carburized layer, and the crack propagated toward the surface and the inside core. Stress amplitude was modified with depth of crack origin, and S-N curve was corrected with modified applied stress amplitude σM. In order to reveal the crack propagation behavior around the boundary between the hardened and the soft core area, stress intensity factor (SIF) on crack front was also computed.
Photoluminescence from Suspended and Supported Graphene
Authors: Zhou Gu Yu , Shen Fang
Published: October 2019

The thermal conductivity of suspended graphene varies greatly under light, but the thermal conductivity of supported graphene does not change as much as that of suspended graphene. This is due to the fact that all of the loaded graphene is placed on the substrate and the thermal diffusivity of the loaded graphene is very good. In this paper, the ultrafast properties of supported graphene and suspended graphene have been studied. Suspended graphene has unique thermal conductivity, and its thermal conductivity will change greatly with the increase of temperature. Because of graphene has no band gap, the photon emission of supported graphene cannot be realized by electron hole recombination as in direct band gap materials. Optical emission of hot carriers is possible in graphene, but usually inefficient. That’s because most materials have much faster thermal carrier relaxation time than radiation lifetime. Herein, the hot carrier emission of suspended graphene and supported graphene are studied by femtosecond laser. It is found that the hot carrier can reduce the relaxation time of hot carrier in suspended structure. The suspension structure does increase the intensity of photon emission.
Genesis Analysis of Large TiN Inclusion for High Strength Tire Cord Steel
Authors: Lei Jia Liu , Zhao Dong Nan , Zhu Hang Yu
Published: October 2019

In order to analyze the possible source of large TiN inclusion for the high strength tire cord steel. The remelting experiment was conducted via vacuum induction furnace in the laboratory and the artificially prepared TiN particles which of size 50-74 μm and 100-180 μm were added during the remelting process. Simultaneously, combined with the dissolution kinetic model of TiN particle to make a brief analysis for the genesis of lagre TiN inclusion detected in the wire rod. The results show that the TiN particle which of size 180 μm dissolved in the liquid steel completely at only a few seconds. The TiN inclusions detected in the remelted specimens are all of regular shape, which mainly formed during the solidification process, rather than the added TiN particle which are not completely dissolved. It is supposed that the large TiN inclusion detected in the wire rod most likely spring from the continuous casting mould fluxes.
Effect of Compression Conditions on Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Fe-1Cr Titanium Alloy during Isothermal Compression
Authors: Sun Shu Yu
Published: October 2019

The deformation characteristics of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Fe-1Cr alloy during isothermal compression are investigated in this work. The alloy ingot is prepared by vacuum consumable furnace first. Then, thermomechanical processing and heat treatment are carried out. The microstructure shows the characteristics of Widmanstatten structure after heat treatment. The heat-treated material is subjected to isothermal compression test. According to the comparison of the coarsening degree of α grain under different experimental parameters. It is revealed that the strain rate has the largest influence on the stress field of the alloy during isothermal deformation.
Wear Resistance of Steels after Diffusion Saturation of Boron, Chrome and Titanium
Authors: Guriev Aleksey , Guriev Michail Alekseevich , Ivanov Sergei Gennadievich , Zhang Yan Wei , Mei Shun Qi
Published: October 2019

In this work, the wear resistance of hardened simultaneous diffusion saturation on S235J0, C45, 55NiCrMoV6, C80W1 and X162CrMoV12 steels with boron, chromium and titanium and rigidly fixed abrasive Al2O3 particles were investigated. Wear was determined by measuring the loss of mass every 30 seconds of the test. Full wear of the layer occurred in 10 minutes with a load on the sample of 9.5 MPa. According to the test results, it is found that the wear resistance of alloyed steels increases as the content of alloying elements and carbon increases, but this increase is not unambiguous because of a decrease in the thickness of the diffusion layer as the degree amplification of alloying steels. Taking into account the economic parameters, such as the cost of steel, the cost of manufacturing products, we can conclude that the greatest economic effect shape can be achieved when using the hardening steels with a carbon content of 0.5 mass percent and the total content of alloying elements up to 5 - 7 mass percent.
Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Process by Response Surface Methodology of Natural Anthocyanins from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk
Authors: Pham Tri Nhut , Linh Huynh Thi Kieu , Ngo Anh Quoc , Anh Hoang Le Tuan , Lam Tri Duc , Toan Tran Quoc
Published: October 2019

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk is a fruit that is gradually becoming popular in Vietnam with superior bioactive compounds. This study aimed to determine the natural anthocyanins from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk based on extracts and optimized RSM. The Box-Behnken design was shown the influence of the optimal conditions for the MAE procedure are 5.07 min, 206 W and 2.53 g/mL with the optimal anthocyanin content achieved Y = 133.88 mg/L, all reactions are within the threshold of the predicted value. The results are in line with the proposed model for the anthocyanin extraction (R2 = 0.9849).
Advances in Artificial Intelligence for the Underwater Domain
Authors: Gratton Michael B.
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhere most so-called autonomous underwater vehicles are automated, they have limited autonomy in the traditional sense of being free to choose new courses of action. Onboard software systems have a narrow range of sensor processing and mission replanning capabilities due to the expense and the complexity of these operations, as well as a lack of operator trust in the validity of plans that operators cannot inspect before execution. The advent of machine learning and the maturation of new ideas in automated planning will reduce the cost and difficulty of fielding more autonomous systems, attacking the first difficulty. The second difficulty—that of trust—is severe for underwater robotics, where the more traditional approach of intelligent systems acting as operator aids is made difficult by the physics. Increasing trust will require technical advances in assured autonomy that are only just beginning. We survey the history of artificial intelligence (AI) for robotics, highlighting important developments that will influence future systems.
Bradykinin and noradrenaline preconditioning influences level of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CuZn-SOD, Mn-SOD and catalase in the white matter of spinal cord in rabbits after ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: Danková Marianna , Domoráková Iveta , Fagová Zuzana , Stebnický Milan , Kunová Alexandra , Mechírová Eva
Published: October 2019

The aim of present work is to assess the effects of bradykinin (Br) or noradrenaline (Nor) preconditioning to the levels of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and catalase in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model in the rabbit spinal cord white matter as well as effect on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin immunoreaction in glial cells. Rabbits were preconditioned by intraperitoneal single dose of Br or Nor 48 h prior to 20 min of ischemia followed by 24 or 48 h of reperfusion. White matter of L3-L6 spinal cord segments was used for comparison of antioxidant enzyme levels in sham control, ischemic groups and four preconditioned groups. The total SOD level in the Br or Nor preconditioned groups after 48 h of reperfusion was increased vs Br or Nor preconditioned groups after 24 h of reperfusion. The comparison among the ischemic group vs Br preconditioned (P<0.05), and Nor preconditioned (P<0.001) groups after 48 h of reperfusion, showed statistically significant decrease of Mn-SOD activity. Tissue catalase level activity was significantly decreased in the Br preconditioned group after 48 h of reperfusion (P<0.05) and Nor preconditioned groups after 24 h of reperfusion (P<0.001) and also after 48 h of reperfusion (P<0.001), in comparison to ischemic group after 48 h of reperfusion. Significantly decreased tissue catalase activity (P<0.05) in both Nor preconditioned groups after 24 or 48 h of reperfusion was measured vs Br preconditioned group after 48 h of reperfusion. According to our results, in the white matter, activation of stress proteins in glial cells, as well as antioxidant enzymes levels, were influenced by pharmacological preconditioning followed by 20 min of ischemia and 24 or 48 h of reperfusion. These changes contribute to ischemic tolerance acquisition and tissue protection from oxidative stress during reperfusion period.
Barriers to care among people with schizophrenia attending a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Nigeria
Authors: James Bawo O. , Thomas Felicia I. , Seb-Akahomen Omonefe J. , Igbinomwanhia Nosa G. , Inogbo Chinwe F. , Thornicroft Graham
Published: October 2019

Background: Individuals with schizophrenia in low- and middle-income countries and their caregivers face multiple barriers to care-seeking and continuous engagement with treatment services. Identifying specific barrier patterns would aid targeted interventions aimed at improving treatment access.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine stigma- and non-stigma-related barriers to care-seeking among persons with schizophrenia in Nigeria.Setting: This study was conducted at the Outpatient Clinics of the Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.Methods: A cross-sectional study of a dyad of persons with schizophrenia and caregivers (n = 161) attending outpatient services at a neuro-psychiatric hospital in Nigeria. Stigma- and non-stigma-related barriers were assessed using the 30-item Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE) scale.Results: Lack of insight, preference for alternative care, illness severity and financial constraints were common barriers to care-seeking among persons with schizophrenia. Females were significantly more likely to report greater overall treatment barrier (p 0.01) and stigma-related barriers (p 0.02).Conclusion: This study shows that attitudinal barriers impede care access and engagement among persons with schizophrenia in Nigeria.
Marstrand type projection theorems for normed spaces
Authors: Balogh Zoltán M. , Iseli Annina
Published: October 2019

We consider Marstrand type projection theorems for closest-point projections in the normed space

\mathbb R^2

. We prove that if a norm on

\mathbb R^2

is regular enough, then the analogues of the well-known statements from the Euclidean setting hold, while they fail for norms whose unit balls have corners. We establish our results by verifying Peres and Schlag’s transversality property and thereby also obtain a Besicovitch-Federer type characterization of purely unrectifiable sets.
Spectral decimation for families of self-similar symmetric Laplacians on the Sierpiński gasket
Authors: Fang Sizhen , King Dylan A. , Lee Eun Bi , Strichartz Robert S.
Published: October 2019

We construct a one-parameter family of Laplacians on the Sierpiński gasket that are symmetric and self-similar for the 9-map iterated function system obtained by iterating the standard 3-map iterated function system. Our main result is the fact that all these Laplacians satisfy a version of spectral decimation that builds a precise catalog of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for any choice of the parameter. We give a number of applications of this spectral decimation. We also prove analogous results for fractal Laplacians on the unit interval, and this yields an analogue of the classical Sturm–Liouville theory for the eigenfunctions of these one-dimensional Laplacians.
A note on coherent orientations for exact Lagrangian cobordisms
Authors: Karlsson Cecilia
Published: October 2019

Let

L \subset \R \times J^1(M)

be a spin, exact Lagrangian cobordism in the symplectization of the 1-jet space of a smooth manifold

M

. Assume that

L

has cylindrical Legendrian ends

\Lambda_\pm \subset J^1(M)

. It is well known that the Legendrian contact homology of

\Lambda_\pm

can be defined with integer coefficients, via a signed count of pseudo-holomorphic disks in the cotangent bundle of

M

. It is also known that this count can be lifted to a mod 2 count of pseudo-holomorphic disks in the symplectization

\R \times J^1(M)

, and that

L

induces a morphism between the

\Z_2

-valued DGA:s of the ends

\Lambda_\pm

in a functorial way. We prove that this hold with integer coefficients as well.

The proofs are built on the technique of orienting the moduli spaces of pseudo-holomorphic disks using capping operators at the Reeb chords. We give an expression for how the DGA:s change if we change the capping operators.
Ireland
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Published: October 2019

This paper focuses on Ireland’s 2015 Fourth Post-Program Monitoring Discussions. Ireland’s economy continues to improve at a robust pace. Real GDP expanded by 7 percent year-over-year over the first three quarters of 2015, with investment providing the largest contribution to growth followed by private consumption. High frequency indicators suggest that the strong economic momentum continued into the last months of 2015. Exchequer data for December indicate that 2015 revenues significantly exceeded the initial budget profile, whereas spending recorded a modest increase, leading to a likely outperformance of IMF staff’s estimate of the 2015 general government deficit.
Republic of Fiji
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Published: October 2019

Fiji is enjoying a strong growth momentum due to accommodative policies, robust tourism and strong remittances, and an improvement in the terms of trade. The smooth and peaceful elections in September 2014 marked the return to democracy—leading to a normalization in relations with development partners, further boosting investor and consumer confidence. While addressing infrastructure gaps and further improving the business climate will be critical to ensure strong, sustainable and more inclusive growth, this must be balanced against the need to consolidate fiscal policy. Risks are tilted to the downside, related to external developments and prolonged accommodative policy settings.
Povos indígenas e a (ausência de) justiça de transição brasileira: uma análise à luz do constitucionalismo pluralista latino-americano
Authors: Silva Jamilly Izabela De Brito , Loureiro Sílvia Maria Da Silveira
Published: October 2019

O artigo objetiva debater se o constitucionalismo pluralista latino-americano pode funcionar como embasamento teórico para que se efetive uma justiça de transição em favor dos povos indígenas que sofreram graves violações de direitos humanos durante o regime de exceção brasileiro (1964-1985). Nesse panorama, num primeiro momento, será esmiuçado o conceito de justiça de transição, bem como brevemente explicitados os posicionamentos contraditórios do Estado brasileiro sobre o tema. Em seguida, a pesquisa apresentará as principais violações de direitos humanos cometidas durante o período de exceção contra os povos indígenas Waimiri-Atroari e Krenak, bem como a ausência, por ora, de mecanismos de transição específicos, voltados à reparação de violações que ameaçaram a própria existência desses povos. Por fim, serão analisadas as aproximações existentes entre o constitucionalismo pluralista latino-americano e a Constituição Federal de 1988, seja para situar o atual marco constitucional brasileiro no âmbito deste movimento constitucional, seja para demonstrar o papel que pode ser desempenhado pelo constitucionalismo pluralista latino-americano como vetor para a mudança do paradigma vigente. O método de pesquisa utilizado será o indutivo. A pesquisa é, ainda, qualitativa, a partir de estudo de caso e será executada por intermédio da análise crítica do material bibliográfico e documental.
Em defesa da participação: análise da iniciativa popular para alteração da constituição no brasil e no equador
Authors: Aló Cardoso Ribeiro Ilana , Balmant Emerique Lílian Márcia
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo ampliar a discussão sobre o horizonte da democracia participativa analisada sob o ângulo da iniciativa popular para reformas constitucionais no Brasil (Propostas de Emenda à Constituição - PEC) e no Equador, problematizando sobre os obstáculos no desenho constitucional que, muitas vezes, dificultam ou inviabilizam a concretização do poder popular. Nesse sentido delimitar o Brasil como de tradição neoconstitucionalista e enquadrar o Equador no que se intitula novo constitucionalismo latino americano (NCLA), marca acentuadamente a diferença entre esses desenhos constitucionais. A discussão é pertinente uma vez que o art. 60 da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 (CRFB/88) não faz menção em termos expressos à possibilidade de iniciativa popular como instrumento para ativar o processo legislativo reformador da Constituição. Em contrapartida, os artigos 103, 441 e 442 da Constituição da República do Equador (CRE/2008) aludem expressamente a tal modalidade para reforma constitucional, ostentando, portanto, um acento mais democrático e amigável da participação no seu desenho constitucional. Concluímos que o desenho constitucional tem relevância para a abertura para a participação popular nos processos de reforma constitucional. Entretanto, a estrutura de organização do poder tem potencial para exercer influência cruzada para a manutenção tradicional do poder e, assim, permitir o comprometimento da matriz do constitucionalismo democrático. Diante deste risco, operamos em defesa do poder popular.
As constituições latino-americanas pelas lentes das cortes constitucionais. A força normativa e o romantismo dos preâmbulos
Authors: Godoy Arnaldo Sampaio de Moraes , Santos Carlos Frederico
Published: October 2019

O artigo explora os preâmbulos das constituições latino-americanas. Verifica a natureza retórica e discursiva desses textos e, ao mesmo tempo, indaga se as Cortes Constitucionais latino-americanas enfrentaram o problema da normatividade desses excertos introdutórios. Percebe-se um forte romantismo constitucional na construção de vários preâmbulos, marcados por discursos históricos e nacionalistas, ainda que de matizes ideológicas distintas. Constata que há manifestações incidentais em âmbito de obiter dicta, bem como decisões pontuais proferidas na Colômbia e no Brasil. Pretende-se desvendar se a natureza jurídica dos preâmbulos no contexto latino-americano é normativa ou declarativa, com preocupação com o fato de que apenas duas das Cortes Constitucionais latino-americanas enfrentaram diretamente a questão. Constata-se também que em poucos países da América Latina as respectivas Cortes Constitucionais acenaram com o potencial de seus preâmbulos possuírem força normativa. Especula-se também se o elemento religioso, revelado pela recorrente referência ou invocação a Deus, poderia decorrer da atitude de diversas Cortes Constitucionais não atribuírem força normativa aos preâmbulos de suas constituições.