bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disrupting Plasmodium UIS3–host LC3 interaction with a small molecule causes parasite elimination from host cells
Authors: Setua Sonali , Enguita Francisco J. , Chora Ângelo Ferreira , Ranga-prasad Harish , Lahree Aparajita , Marques Sofia , Sundaramurthy Varadharajan , Mota Maria M.
Published: November 2020

The malaria parasite Plasmodium obligatorily infects and replicates inside hepatocytes surrounded by a parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM), which is decorated by the host-cell derived autophagy protein LC3. We have previously shown that the parasite-derived, PVM-resident protein UIS3 sequesters LC3 to avoid parasite elimination by autophagy from hepatocytes. Here we show that a small molecule capable of disrupting this interaction triggers parasite elimination in a host cell autophagy-dependent manner. Molecular docking analysis of more than 20 million compounds combined with a phenotypic screen identified one molecule, C4 (4-{[4-(4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}benzyl)piperazino]carbonyl}benzonitrile), capable of impairing infection. Using biophysical assays, we established that this impairment is due to the ability of C4 to disrupt UIS3–LC3 interaction, thus inhibiting the parasite’s ability to evade the host autophagy response. C4 impacts infection in autophagy-sufficient cells without harming the normal autophagy pathway of the host cell. This study, by revealing the disruption of a critical host–parasite interaction without affecting the host’s normal function, uncovers an efficient anti-malarial strategy to prevent this deadly disease.
Label-free SERS detection of proteins based on machine learning classification of chemo-structural determinants
Authors: Barucci Andrea , D'Andrea Cristiano , Farnesi Edoardo , Banchelli Martina , Amicucci Chiara , de Angelis Marella , Hwang Byungil , Matteini Paolo
Published: November 2020

We implement a machine learning classification of similar proteins by PCA mixed with multipeak fitting on SERS spectra for effective discrimination based on valid biological differences.
Route efficiency assessment and review of the synthesis of β-nucleosides via N-glycosylation of nucleobases
Authors: Kaspar Felix , Stone M. Rhia L. , Neubauer Peter , Kurreck Anke
Published: November 2020

Instead of focusing on maximizing glycosylation yield, future syntheses of nucleosides via N-glycosylation should aim to use shorter routes, fewer protecting groups and less chromatography to achieve more efficient and sustainable processes, as this E-factor analysis reveals.
Synthesis of bio-based polycarbonate via one-step melt polycondensation of isosorbide and dimethyl carbonate by dual site-functionalized ionic liquid catalysts
Authors: Yang Zifeng , Li Xue , Xu Fei , Wang Weiwei , Shi Yongqing , Zhang Zhencai , Fang Wenjuan , Liu Lei , Zhang Suojiang
Published: November 2020

A synthetic pathway for high molecular weight isosorbide-based polycarbonate was developed via one-step direct melt polycondensation of isosorbide and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by dual site-functionalized ionic liquids.
Transition metal ion-doped In2O3nanocubes: investigation of their photocatalytic degradation activity under sunlight
Authors: Shanmuganathan Velayutham , Santhosh Kumar Jayaraj , Pachaiappan Raman , Thangadurai Paramasivam
Published: November 2020

The objective of this work was to study the effect of transition metal ion doping (1 wt% of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) in indium oxide (In2O3) on its photocatalytic activity to degrade organic dyes, which are considered potential environment pollutants.
An electrochemical sensor based on copper-based metal–organic framework-reduced graphene oxide composites for determination of 2,4-dichlorophenol in water
Authors: Nguyen Manh B. , Hong Nhung Vu Thi , Thu Vu Thi , Ngoc Nga Dau Thi , Pham Truong Thuan Nguyen , Giang Hoang Truong , Hai Yen Pham Thi , Phong Pham Hong , Vu Tuan A. , Thu Ha Vu Thi
Published: November 2020

In the present work, we reported the fabrication of a novel electrochemical sensing platform to detect 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) by using a copper benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate–graphene oxide (Cu–BTC/GO) composite.
Ultra-small aqueous glutathione-capped Ag–In–Se quantum dots: luminescence and vibrational properties
Authors: Raievska Oleksandra , Stroyuk Oleksandr , Dzhagan Volodymyr , Solonenko Dmytro , Zahn Dietrich R. T.
Published: November 2020

A direct aqueous synthesis, composition- and size-dependent absorption, photoluminescence, and vibrational properties of ultra-small glutathione-capped Ag-deficient Ag–In–Se quantum dots are reported.
Semi-empirical andab initiocalculations for crystals under pressure at fixed temperatures: the case of guanidinium perchlorate
Authors: Korabel'nikov Dmitry V. , Zhuravlev Yuriy N.
Published: November 2020

A simple semi-empirical approach is proposed to calculate structure and properties of crystals under pressure at fixed temperatures.
Contributing to energy sustainability: a review of mesoporous material supported catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Authors: Okonye Leonard Uchejim , Yao Yali , Hildebrandt Diane , Meijboom Reinout
Published: November 2020

Utilization of mesoporous materials to enhance structure–performance relationship of Fischer–Tropsch catalysts.
Salt-mediated triple shape-memory ionic conductive polyampholyte hydrogel for wearable flexible electronics
Authors: Wu Shanshan , Shao Zijian , Xie Hui , Xiang Tao , Zhou Shaobing
Published: November 2020

A type of supramolecular polyampholyte hydrogel with salt-mediated triple shape-memory effect, ionic conductivity, high stretchability and self-healing property was fabricated, which can be applied for strain sensors to monitor human health.
Chitosan-based smart hybrid materials: a physico-chemical perspective
Authors: Cavallaro Giuseppe , Micciulla Samantha , Chiappisi Leonardo , Lazzara Giuseppe
Published: November 2020

An overview of the properties of chitosan-based materials: polyelectrolyte complexes, gels, chitosan-surfactant complexes, smart coatings, organic–inorganic hybrids.
Impact of changes in bond structure on ovonic threshold switching behaviour in GeSe2
Authors: Keukelier Jonas , Opsomer Karl , Nuytten Thomas , Sergeant Stefanie , Devulder Wouter , Clima Sergiu , Goux Ludovic , Kar Gouri Sankar , Detavernier Christophe
Published: November 2020

Raman spectroscopy and electrical measurements are performed on sputtered GexSe1−x thin films to identify and link bond presence to electrical behaviour.
Room temperature ferroelectricity and blue photoluminescence in zero dimensional organic lead iodine perovskites
Authors: Wang Yiming , Tang Zheng , Liu Chunlin , Jiang Junjie , Liu Wenlong , Zhang Binbin , Gao Kaige , Cai Hong-Ling , Wu Xiaoshan
Published: November 2020

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have attracted great attention due to their great application potential in photovoltaics and optoelectronics.
Impairing activation of phospholipid synthesis by c-Fos interferes with glioblastoma cell proliferation
Authors: Prucca César G. , Racca Ana C. , Velazquez Fabiola N. , Cardozo Gizzi Andrés M. , Rodríguez Berdini Lucia , Caputto Beatriz L.
Published: November 2020

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive type of tumor of the CNS with an overall survival rate of approximately one year. Since this rate has not changed significantly over the last 20 years, the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these tumors is peremptory. The over-expression of the proto-oncogene c-Fos has been observed in several CNS tumors including glioblastoma multiforme and is usually associated with a poor prognosis. Besides its genomic activity as an AP-1 transcription factor, this protein can also activate phospholipid synthesis by a direct interaction with key enzymes of their metabolic pathways. Given that the amino-terminal portion of c-Fos (c-Fos-NA: amino acids 1–138) associates to but does not activate phospholipid synthesizing enzymes, we evaluated if c-Fos-NA or some shorter derivatives are capable of acting as dominant-negative peptides of the activating capacity of c-Fos. The over-expression or the exogenous administration of c-Fos-NA to cultured T98G cells hampers the interaction between c-Fos and PI4K2A, an enzyme activated by c-Fos. Moreover, it was observed a decrease in tumor cell proliferation rates in vitro and a reduction in tumor growth in vivo when a U87-MG-generated xenograft on nude mice is intratumorally treated with recombinant c-Fos-NA. Importantly, a smaller peptide of 92 amino acids derived from c-Fos-NA retains the capacity to interfere with tumor proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results support the use of the N-terminal portion of c-Fos, or shorter derivatives as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.
Planning of plug‐in electric vehicle fast‐charging stations considering charging queuing impacts
Authors: Duan Xiaoyu , Chen Huimiao , Song Yiwen , Hu Zechun , Song Yonghua
Published: November 2020

Fast charging is a promising way for plug‐in electric vehicles (PEVs) to get recharged quickly and reduce the impacts of long‐lasting charging process on PEV owners’ daily life. Decreasing time during charging PEVs also makes the decision of PEV owners choosing where to charge affected more by the time length of driving towards and waiting in charging stations, raising new requirements for charging facilities planning. In this study, a cost minimisation planning method of PEV fast‐charging stations taking influences of queuing and driving time into consideration is proposed and solved by the genetic algorithm‐based methodology. An iterative algorithm obtaining the equilibrium of the user's decision of place to charge is proposed to consider the impacts of waiting and driving time at different charging stations on PEV owners. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is then verified through the case analysis based on trajectory data of taxis in Beijing, which shows that the proposed methodology has good performances in computation. Weight of time costs and investment restrictions such as the number of charging stations would also influence the planning result.
Stellar population astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG
Authors: Fanelli C. , Origlia L. , Oliva E. , Mucciarelli A. , Sanna N. , Dalessandro E. , Romano D.
Published: November 2020

Context. High-resolution spectroscopy in the near-infrared (NIR) is a powerful tool for characterising the physical and chemical properties of cool-star atmospheres. The current generation of NIR echelle spectrographs enables the sampling of many spectral features over the full 0.9–2.4 μm range for a detailed chemical tagging.

Aims. Within the Stellar Population Astrophysics Large Program at the TNG, we used a high-resolution (R = 50 000) NIR spectrum of Arcturus acquired with the GIANO-B echelle spectrograph as a laboratory to define and calibrate an optimal line list and new diagnostic tools to derive accurate stellar parameters and chemical abundances.

Methods. We inspected several hundred NIR atomic and molecular lines to derive abundances of 26 different chemical species, including CNO, iron-group, alpha, Z-odd, and neutron-capture elements. We then performed a similar analysis in the optical using Arcturus VLT-UVES spectra.

Results. Through the combined NIR and optical analysis we defined a new thermometer and a new gravitometer for giant stars, based on the comparison of carbon (for the thermometer) and oxygen (for the gravitometer) abundances, as derived from atomic and molecular lines. We then derived self-consistent stellar parameters and chemical abundances of Arcturus over the full 4800–24 500 Å spectral range and compared them with previous studies in the literature. We finally discuss a number of problematic lines that may be affected by deviations from thermal equilibrium and/or chromospheric activity, as traced by the observed variability of He I at 10 830 Å.
Investigation of sliding mode control for nonlinear suspension systems with state estimation
Authors: Chen Xing , Han Sen , Luo Tianhong , Guo Du
Published: November 2020

This paper presented a new control strategy for active suspension of nonlinear quarter-vehicle model. An active suspension controller designed for using sliding mode control with noise filtering. The Kalman filter (KF) predicted the state response of the nonlinear one-quarter automobile model, and the estimated values used for the design of the active control force. Finally, the shock absorption performance compared with the LQR controller and the passive suspension. The simulation results showed that the control method significantly improve the ride performance and safety of the vehicle.
Der Fuß – ein architektonisches Meisterwerk
Authors: Heel Christian
Published: November 2020

Vier Millionen Jahre Entwicklung stecken im Design des Fußes. Dementsprechend ausgeklügelt ist sein System und auch das funktionelle Zusammenspiel aller Beingelenke. Physiotherapeuten sollten in Untersuchung und Therapie daher stets das gesamte Bein im Blick haben, ganz die Rotationsbeweglichkeit im Hüftgelenk und die Pronation des Vorfußes gegen den Rückfuß.
Carrier multiplication could break the efficiency barrier in solar cell technology
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: November 2020

A review of carrier multiplication lays out how its use can help make solar cells much more efficient.
Anatomy of a field-reversed configuration
Authors: Steinhauer L. C. , Roche T. , Steinhauer J. D.
Published: November 2020

A reconstructor tool is developed for fast computation of fully two-dimensional equilibria of field-reversed configurations (FRCs) that are consistent with routine magnetic data from experiments. This tool fosters physical interpretation of multiple FRC properties. The physics model is a rotating fluid that also captures several realistic kinetic effects. The tool allows both FRC solutions and high-β mirror solutions (no closed magnetic flux) a bifurcation, dependent on the input data. A major conclusion is that FRCs can exist only within a limited shape domain, i.e., combinations of plasma radius and length. These limitations reflect the requirement of equilibrium force balance and tearing stability. Inspection of a considerable range of experiments shows that the shape domain reflects actual operational boundaries. Working from timeline data from an experiment the tool finds the evolving two-dimensional structure plus the time histories of critical properties such as trapped flux, plasma energy, and plasma current. These timelines offer clues about underlying stability and transport properties not contained within the equilibrium model itself. Properties of traditional FRCs as well as modern, neutral-beam driven FRCs are explored, and specific experimental shots are reconstructed.
Experimental investigation of the polarization modulation instability and stimulated Raman scattering in a chalcogenide optical fiber
Authors: Cheng Tonglei , Wang Qiming , Yan Xin , Wang Fang , Zhang Xuenan , Li Shuguang , Suzuki Takenobu , Ohishi Yasutake
Published: November 2020

In this work, a low-loss As2S5 optical fiber with 0.1 dB/m at 1545 nm was designed and fabricated, whose residual birefringence provided an opportunity for investigating the polarization modulation instability (PMI). Using a nanosecond laser operated at ∼1545 nm as the pump source, PMI and the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) were experimentally investigated in a 3 m As2S5 optical fiber. During the SRS process, the amplified CW signal at 1632 nm and 1633 nm induced the PMI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the PMI effect induced by the amplified signal in the first-order SRS. The PMI gain was measured to be 24.4 dB at the signal of 1551 nm with the pump power of 20 mW, and the Raman gain was measured to be 31.2 dB at the signal of 1632 nm with the pump power of 41 mW. This investigation on the PMI gain and Raman gain in the As2S5 optical fiber may provide a reference for the development of fiber amplifiers, fiber lasers, and optical communication.
The mode transformation of a T(0,1) guided wave in an elbow pipe and its influence on defect location
Authors: Long Shengrong , Deng Wenwu , Huang Yongyue , Gu Lin , Chen Xuanyu
Published: November 2020

To correct the inaccurate location of elbow pipe defects, our study established an experimental platform for magnetostrictive T(0,1) guided wave detection. The experimental platform was used to detect circumferential grooving defects with the same specifications, which were present at three different locations, i.e., the front straight pipe segment of the elbow, the elbow segment, and the back straight pipe segment of the elbow. The echo signals were analyzed. We found that the echo signals of the first two defects were normal, and the defect location could be recognized accurately, while two defect echoes occurred continuously in the straight pipe segment behind the elbow. To determine the causes of the abnormal defect signals, we selected a pitch-catch detection sensor to collect the guided wave transmission signal of the straight section after the elbow. The finite element numerical model extracted the guided wave propagation time-domain signal, and then, snapshots of the wavefield propagation were generated. The analysis results suggest that T(0,1) guiding will gradually resolve with a new mode signal when it propagates to the straight section behind the elbow. Through the theoretical calculation and analysis of the dispersion curve, the signal was identified as an F(1,2) flexural guided wave because its group velocity was less than that of the T(0,1) guided wave. The former defect echo wave packet is the T(0,1) guided wave, and the latter is the F(1,2) guided wave. The orientation of the defects should be subject to the position of the T(0,1) guide wave.
Generalized friction and dilatancy laws for immersed granular flows consisting of large and small particles
Authors: Cui Kahlil F. E. , Zhou Gordon G. D. , Jing Lu , Chen Xiaoqing , Song Dongri
Published: November 2020

The motion of fully immersed granular materials, composed of two distinct particle sizes, flowing down rough inclined planes is studied through fluid–particle numerical simulations. We focus on the effect of ambient fluids, as well as their interplay with particle size segregation, on the steady-state kinematic and rheological profiles of the granular-fluid mixture flow. Simulation results are analyzed in the framework of a visco-inertial rheological model, which is first validated in monodisperse flows with a wide range of the ambient fluid viscosity (i.e., from air to water and slurry) and then generalized for size-bidisperse mixtures. It is found that the local effective friction and volume fraction of mixtures with different particle sizes can be approximated from the rheology of single-component flows. While the presence of viscous ambient fluids slows down size segregation (perpendicular to the flow) depending on the mixture composition and flow viscosity, the effective bulk friction is shown to be independent of the state and progress of segregation.
Emergence of new materials for exploiting highly efficient carrier multiplication in photovoltaics
Authors: Maiti Sourav , van der Laan Marco , Poonia Deepika , Schall Peter , Kinge Sachin , Siebbeles Laurens D. A.
Published: November 2020

In conventional solar cell semiconductor materials, the excess energy of electrons and holes beyond the bandgap is wasted as heat, because they cool down to the band edge due to phonon emission. If the excess energy is more than the bandgap, it can in principle be utilized through a process known as carrier multiplication (CM) in which a single photon generates two (or more) electron-hole pairs. In this way, CM can enhance the photocurrent of a photovoltaic device. We provide an overview of experimental and theoretical methods used to study CM. Next, we consider the effects of composition and nanostructure of materials, on the threshold photon energy and efficiency of CM. Results for percolative networks of coupled PbSe quantum dots, Sn/Pb based halide perovskites, and two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides such as MoTe2 are discussed. Based on our current understanding, the CM threshold can get close to the minimal value of twice the bandgap in materials where a photon induces an asymmetric electronic transition from a deeper valence band or to a higher conduction band. We then address the effects of the exciton binding energy and charge carrier mobility on the photogeneration of free charges and their extraction at external electrodes of a photovoltaic device. Finally, we discuss future directions toward the development of new materials to realize a low threshold photon energy and high efficiency of CM.
Quantum Monte Carlo benchmarking of large noncovalent complexes in the L7 benchmark set
Authors: Benali Anouar , Shin Hyeondeok , Heinonen Olle
Published: November 2020

We have used diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) to perform calculations on the L7 benchmark set. DMC is a stochastic numerical integration scheme in real-space and part of a larger set of quantum Monte Carlo methods. The L7 set was designed to test the ability of electronic structure methods to include dispersive interactions. While the agreement between DMC and quantum-chemical state-of-the-art methods is excellent for some of the structures, there are significant differences in others. In contrast to wavefunction-based quantum chemical methods, DMC is a first-principle many-body method with the many-body wavefunction evolving in real space. It includes explicitly all electron–electron interactions and is relatively insensitive to the size of the basis set.
Pressing challenges of halide perovskite thin film growth
Authors: Soto-Montero Tatiana , Soltanpoor Wiria , Morales-Masis Monica
Published: November 2020

The adoption of new thin-film materials in high-end technologies, such as monolithic tandem solar cells and integrated circuits, demands fabrication processes that allow a high level of control over film properties such as thickness, conformality, composition, and crystal structure. Achieving this with traditional optoelectronic materials, such as silicon, indium phosphide, gallium arsenide, silicon nitride, and several metal oxides, has opened the way for applications such as high-efficiency photovoltaics, light emitting devices, and integrated photonics. More recently, halide perovskites have demonstrated huge potential in optoelectronic applications, showing exceptional photovoltaic properties, light emission, and lasing performance. Common growth techniques for these halide perovskites have been solution-based methods. Optimized solution-based processes yield high quality thin films well-suited for applications, such as single-junction solar cells, but remain incompatible with integration into complex devices such as monolithic tandem photovoltaics and photonic circuits. Therefore, new fabrication methods allowing atomic, structural, and compositional precision with the conformal growth of hybrid and multi-compound halide perovskite thin films are of utmost importance for material exploration and for their application in complex devices. This Perspective reviews the progress on synthesis methods of halide perovskite thin films, discusses pressing challenges, and proposes strategies for growth control, versatile film deposition, monolithic device integration, epitaxial growth, and high-throughput synthesis to discover novel and non-toxic stable metal halide compositions.
Reconfigurable complex emulsions: Design, properties, and applications
Authors: Balaj Rebecca V. , Zarzar Lauren D.
Published: November 2020

Reconfigurable complex emulsions, which consist of multiphase droplets that can change morphology between encapsulated and Janus shapes, have become of recent fundamental and applied interest due to their unique stimuli-responsive characteristics. The newfound ability to dynamically change the structure and interfaces of droplets provides exciting opportunities for exploiting the properties and applications of fluids in ways not before possible, such as to create tunable lenses or droplet-based sensors. Droplet morphological reconfiguration, which is easily induced upon alteration of the balance of interfacial tensions, can be triggered in response to stimuli including pH, light, enzymes, temperature, and surfactants. This review describes recent advances involving reconfigurable complex droplet design, properties, and applications, highlighting both the opportunities and challenges associated with harnessing complex emulsions as responsive materials. We focus primarily on emulsions in which all droplet phases are immiscible with each other and the continuous phase, such as multiphase oil droplets dispersed in water or multiphase aqueous droplets dispersed in oil. The ability to manipulate the ordering of liquid interfaces in an emulsion while maintaining droplet stability has greatly enabled new directions for emulsion research and applications. Harnessing the dynamic structure and properties of reconfigurable complex emulsions presents a new frontier in the design of responsive materials relevant to optics, sensing, and active matter.
A partially linearized spin-mapping approach for nonadiabatic dynamics. II. Analysis and comparison with related approaches
Authors: Mannouch Jonathan R. , Richardson Jeremy O.
Published: November 2020

In a previous paper [J. R. Mannouch and J. O. Richardson, J. Chem. Phys. 153, 194109 (2020)], we derived a new partially linearized mapping-based classical-trajectory technique called the spin partially linearized density matrix (spin-PLDM) approach. This method describes the dynamics associated with the forward and backward electronic path integrals using a Stratonovich–Weyl approach within the spin-mapping space. While this is the first example of a partially linearized spin-mapping method, fully linearized spin-mapping is already known to be capable of reproducing dynamical observables for a range of nonadiabatic model systems reasonably accurately. Here, we present a thorough comparison of the terms in the underlying expressions for the real-time quantum correlation functions for spin-PLDM and fully linearized spin mapping in order to ascertain the relative accuracy of the two methods. In particular, we show that spin-PLDM contains an additional term within the definition of its real-time correlation function, which diminishes many of the known errors that are ubiquitous for fully linearized approaches. One advantage of partially linearized methods over their fully linearized counterparts is that the results can be systematically improved by re-sampling the mapping variables at intermediate times. We derive such a scheme for spin-PLDM and show that for systems for which the approximation of classical nuclei is valid, numerically exact results can be obtained using only a few “jumps.” Additionally, we implement focused initial conditions for the spin-PLDM method, which reduces the number of classical trajectories that are needed in order to reach convergence of dynamical quantities, with seemingly little difference to the accuracy of the result.
Identifying the gaps in public dental services locations for people living with a disability in metropolitan Australia: a geographic information system (GIS)-based approach
Authors: Liu Nicholas , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc
Published: November 2020

Objective The aim of this study was to identify the gaps in public dental service locations for people living with a disability in Australia, with in-depth analysis of Western Australia (WA). Methods Data from the Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers and national census data were used to geographically model the prevalence of disability. Private and public dental practice data were integrated using QGIS, and a catchment area of 5 km was used for public dental practices. This was then used to identify residential areas outside the 5-km catchment area. Further analysis was then done to determine how a potential service at these sites would improve geographic access for people with a disability residing within the area. Results In this study, 6162 private and 178 public dental practices were geo-coded, covering 39 915 Statistical Area Level 1 regions and approximately 16 million people. Overall slightly more than half the people living with any disability resided within the 5-km catchment area of a public dental practice. WA (Perth) had the lowest coverage (48%), whereas New South Wales (Sydney) had the highest (71%). In WA (Perth), four sites were identified that would improve the overall coverage from 48% to 75%. Conclusion This study highlights the areas where there is low access to a dental service, particularly access to a public dental service, for people living with a disability. What is known about the topic? The distribution of people with a disability is associated with area-level measures of socioeconomic disadvantage. Access to dental care is a function of affordability, availability, accessibility, accommodation and acceptability. Previous studies identified problems in relation to access to dental care for people living with a disability, including wait times, costs and physical access to buildings. What does this paper add? This paper shows how geographical access to a dental service can be improved, by locating services in identified areas targeting people living with a disability. What are the implications for practitioners? The results of this study could be used to plan funding targeted at areas of need with a high burden of disease and low accessibility to services.
Metonymic indeterminacy and metalepsis
Authors: Brdar-Szabó Rita , Brdar Mario
Published: November 2020

Given appropriate context, indeterminacy may
arise when a metonymic vehicle, i.e. the source, can be
simultaneously linked to more than one metonymic target. We claim
that this situation, akin to the phenomenon of metalepsis or
transgression in narratology, is not rare, but quite usual, and even
regular in certain contexts. This may lead to an increase of a
second-order type of anisomorphy, but ultimately leaves space for
dynamic meaning construal and optimizes texts coherence. In order to
accommodate metalepsis, we argue for an approach to metonymy not
based on mappings but on the activation of the source conceptual
cluster opening a mental space dynamically expanded or reduced so as
to fit the conceptual frame provided by the co(n)text of use.
The fabric of metaphor in discourse
Authors: Vereza Solange
Published: November 2020

The overall aim of this chapter is to contribute
to the debate around the controversy of what might be approached as
a conceptual or a local/situated metaphor, by elaborating on a
distinction between two theoretical levels. On the one hand, at the
level of the conceptual system, we have high-order,
off-line representations, such as conceptual
metaphors, and, on the other, at the level of use, there are
episodic, often deliberate, on-line
conceptualizations, such as situated metaphors.
Within a cognitive-discursive perspective, it is argued that these
two levels are articulated, in a coherent and systematic way, in
figurative language in use. An analysis of an extended situated
metaphor explored in an argumentative text illustrates the way this
articulation may be woven in discourse.
Mapping Eurolects
Authors: Mori Laura , Szmrecsanyi Benedikt
Published: November 2020

Based on the description of EU legislative varieties covering EU directives and their national laws of
implementation in 11 languages, we are interested in the extent to which Eurolects are similar to each other, above and beyond
trivial genealogical similarities. We thus utilise a variation-oriented aggregative analysis technique to address these questions:
(a) What is the precise extent to which Eurolects are similar to each other? (b) Are similarities predicted by extra-linguistic
affinities? (c) Do factors such as EU accession dates and language policy play a role in shaping the Eurolect clusters? Our
methodology starts out from a meticulously catalogued list of corpus-based and corpus-driven lexical and grammatical features. Through the observed
presence or absence of these features, we calculate in a second step the aggregate linguistic distances between all of the
Eurolects. Finally, in step three, we use a well-established technique, Multidimensional Scaling, to visualize and interpret the
Eurolect landscape.
Structural and functional variations of the perfect in the Lezgic
languages
Authors: Maisak Timur
Published: November 2020

The paper presents a study of the morphological
and semantic properties of the perfects in nine Lezgic languages,
the southern branch of the East Caucasian (Nakh-Daghestanian)
language family. Morphologically, the perfects belong to the
perfective subsystem. They are usually periphrastic, with a tendency
to become synthetic due to auxiliary loss or merger. The functions
of the perfects vary among the languages of the group, but mostly
include the ‘current relevance’ perfect proper and the resultative
(stative). The experiential meaning is associated with the perfect
only in a few languages. In two languages (Agul and Archi), the
perfect has further evolved into an indirective evidential past,
although the diachronically earlier perfect and resultative
functions are still retained. Throughout the paper, I compare the
perfects to the aorists, which are the most frequent perfective past
tenses of the Lezgic languages. The aorists are much less
polyfunctional than the perfects and are mostly synthetic, although
periphrastic source models are also attested for them.
Cross-linguistic parallels and contrasts in a contact language
perfect construction
Authors: Slomanson Peter
Published: November 2020

This paper is about semantically and
pragmatically comparable perfect constructions in the contact
languages Sri Lankan Malay (SLM) and Sri Lankan Portuguese (SLP).
The goal of the paper is to show that non-finite participles based
on a conjunctive participle model in the Sri Lankan linguistic area
convey perfect meaning and also combine with a semantically empty
auxiliary to form a periphrastic perfect construction in main
clauses. Irrespective of the similarities, the separability of the
auxiliary and the negation facts associated with the SLM
construction are suggestive of biclausal status, whereas the SLP
construction is simply agglutinative and monoclausal.
The diachrony of the perfect in Zapotec
Authors: Broadwell George Aaron
Published: November 2020

Colonial Valley Zapotec (CVZ) is the form of
Zapotec spoken in the Valley of Oaxaca during the Spanish colonial
period (ca 1550–1810 C.E.). CVZ is known to us from written
documents only. CVZ had a distinct perfect morpheme, which has
largely disappeared in modern Zapotec languages. This chapter
surveys descriptions of the perfect in colonial grammars, as well as
corpus evidence to describe the range of uses of perfect morphology.
It contrasts the colonial system with the aspectual system of modern
Zapotec to trace the diachronic development of aspectual morphology
in these languages.
More on hodiernality
Authors: Xiqués Teresa M.
Published: November 2020

This paper builds on previous work and aims to
examine one of the most striking differences between the uses of the
present perfect in languages such as Catalan and English, namely, a
hodiernal (‘today’) reading of the perfect available under certain
conditions in these Romance languages but not in English. I will
specifically look into (1) the competition between tenses, (2) the
role of temporal modification, and (3) the present tense. Taking
into account the semantics of the present tense and a split of the
perfect time interval and the reference time as in Pancheva & von Stechow
(2004), I will claim that the main difference that
distinguishes the hodiernal reading is due to a possible
specification of the event time on a fixed position on the time
line.
Language contact and competition in the periphrastic perfect in
Early English
Authors: Eitler Tamás , Vadász Gábor
Published: November 2020

Based on data drawn from the computerised
Helsinki Corpus, the paper investigates the
extent to which the use of competing English perfective auxiliaries
was influenced by language contact with Old Norse in the Late Old
English period. It is shown that as in the Danelaw areas the
have-perfect with mutative intransitive verbs was used
to a statistically significantly higher extent, Scandinavian
influence is probable. We argue that this influence is likely to
have been of inductive nature. In addition, it is revealed that the
Scandinavian trigger must have been working gradually, as predicted
by the S-curve model for linguistic change. The dispersion of the
have-perfect presented with exponential increases,
decreases and minor drops, suggesting no apparent catastrophic
reorganisation. A near-deterministic association between the number
of Scandinavian features within the Norsification Package and the
use of the have-perfect with mutative intransitives also
points to the important role of Scandinavian interference.
“Have-less perfects” in Norwegian
Authors: Eide Kristin Melum
Published: November 2020

The constructions I investigate in this paper
can all be subsumed under the heading ‘have-omission’. This is also
the traditional analysis, to assume an omission of a semantically
superfluous auxiliary in these structures. A different perspective
however, and one that I will advocate here, is that there was never
an auxiliary there in the first place. From this perspective, the
constructions thus do not lack a perfect auxiliary (as the term
‘have-omission’ dictates), but instead these constructions employ
what only morphologically looks like a supine, i.e. an uninflected
past participle, in a syntactic function where you would expect a
different form (i.e. a preterit or an infinitive). Semantically
these constructions display a modal reading; counterfactuality or
irrealis, which I argue is conveyed by the supine-looking from
itself, and a linguistic heritage from Old Norse. Their
morphological, semantic, and syntactic traits suggest a common
underlying explanation for these constructions, and instead of
attributing these features to an invisible auxiliary, my explanation
puts the emphasis on the contribution of the visible element, the
“supine”.
From have-omission to supercompounds
Authors: Fryd Marc
Published: November 2020

This paper adopts an historical perspective to
shed light on syntactic patterns exhibiting
have-omission or have-doubling in
a language – English – where the forms in question have gone largely
unreported over the centuries, or have tended to be discarded as
‘non-standard’ by prescriptive grammarians. At least one subtype of
supercompounds investigated here is reported for the first time in
this paper. Explanations for the attested patterns involve e.g.
prescriptivism, a universal tendency to avoid the (near-) adjacency
of identical grammatical structures, and the normative pressure to
ban several occurrences of have. In a comparison
with cognate structures in closely related languages, semantic
traits of these constructions are identified, e.g. irrealis
(have-omission), resultative, and experiential
(supercompounds). Nevertheless, a remainder of the examples are not
captured by these semantic descriptions, but possibly result from
functional overlap between modal and perfect constructions, or
“copying” of morphosyntactic features across constructions in a
discourse.
Study on the Factors Influencing the Degradation of Cellulose Acetate Filter Rod
Authors: Zheng Han , Wang Hao , Zhan Jianbo , Fu Rongrong , Li Xiangzhen , Xie Jiao , Li Geng , Yu Zhenhua , Yue Baoshan
Published: November 2020

Cellulose acetate filter rod is the most mature and widely used filter material for cigarette development, but it is difficult for cellulose acetate to degrade in natural conditions. Orthogonal experiment is applied to simulate the degradation environment of different filter rod soil burial method by using temperature, humidity, pH value and degradation time in this paper. The results showed that the cellulose acetate filter rod with uncoated wrapping paper could reach the maximum degradation rate of 33.78% in the orthogonal design experiment when the temperature was 40 °C, the relative humidity was 20%, the pH value of soil was 6.0, and the degradation time was 28 days; the cellulose acetate filter rod with uncoated wrapping paper could reach the maximum degradation rate of 33.78% in the orthogonal design experiment when the temperature was 40 °C, the relative humidity was 20%, the pH value of soil was 5.0, and the degradation time was 28 days, and the highest degradation rate of n-ca filter rod was 35.56%.
Preparation and Tribological Properties of bionic materials with nacre shell structure
Authors: Lijie Han
Published: November 2020

Ceramic materials have many advantages, such as high hardness, wear resistance, self lubrication in the process of friction, but there are also some inherent defects, such as brittle texture and poor toughness. By observing the microstructure of shell pearl layer, a kind of bionic composite ceramic with brick wall structure can greatly improve the natural defects of ceramic materials, and greatly expand the application range of ceramic materials. The tribological properties of materials are of great significance to the efficiency and service life of mechanical structures. Therefore, four kinds of ceramic composites with nacre shell structure with gradient concentration were prepared by freeze casting and standard polymerization, and the tribological properties of five materials were characterized. The experimental results show that when the loading load is large, the friction coefficient of material surface varies with the material With the increase of PMMA content, the friction coefficient of the material shows an upward trend.
On the detection of defects on smooth free metallic paint surfaces
Authors: Guo Pan , Cao Pin , Zhang Pengfei , Chen Shiwei , Yang Yongying
Published: November 2020

In view of the difficulty of automatic detection of defects on smooth free metallic paint surfaces, a simple and effective automatic detection system based on deflection principle is proposed in this paper. This system consists of cameras and a set of striped lights. A series of images can be acquired at a certain frequency by camera. And the detection algorithm is divided into three steps. In the first step, the square-difference fusion method and minimum fusion method are used to fuse a group of the standard images to obtain two fusion images, which are used to extract the ROI and partial template. In the second step, partial template is used to perform template matching and correction on the fusion images. In the last step, extraction of mask, extraction of defects, and screening of defects are performed on the corrected fusion image to extract defects. To detect complex metallic paint surfaces of the car, the experimental results demonstrate that the defects detection accuracy can reach 85% and the defect recognition size can reach 0.1mm.
Time-of-flight diffraction technique for Pressure Equipment
Authors: Lei LYU , Yanfei ZHANG , Zengwei SUN
Published: November 2020

This paper mainly introduced the application of TOFD technique in pressure equipment, and systematically discussed the principle of TOFD technique. The development of TOFD technique and the influence of TOFD technique on the attenuation of acoustic beam in austenitic stainless steel were introduced. In addition, the reasons and solutions of the blind area on the surface of TOFD technique were explained, and the application of TOFD technique in pressure parts was prospected.
Research on RC Frame Structure’s Resistance to Continuous Collapse
Authors: Ke Changren , He Tingting
Published: November 2020

A typical 8-story RC frame structure model with floor is established by using ABAQUS finite element software. The nonlinear static analysis method and the incremental dynamic analysis method are used to explore the influence of the floor slabs after the demolition on the continuous collapse resistance of the RC frame structure at the same time. Determine the most reasonable amount of reinforcement that meets the requirements for continuous collapse resistance of the frame beams of each layer, and the layer height that is most beneficial to the structure’s continuous collapse resistance.It is concluded that the floor can greatly improve the continuous collapse resistance of the overall structure, and the nonlinear static analysis is conservative; the amount of longitudinal reinforcement in each frame beam should be increased by 1.9% ~ 2.9% to meet the most reasonable requirements for continuous collapse of the frame beam; the floor height is between 4.3 and 4.8 meters, which is the most ideal state for the structure to resist continuous collapse.
Numerical Analysis on the Sandy Slope Reinforced with Sand Bags
Authors: Li Jingshuang
Published: November 2020

In recent decades, many expressways and railways have been construction in Western China. One of important projects is Menghua Railway as a major energy transportation line. Since most of its Contract I routine is located in Maowusu Desert, it seems the first choice is to utilize the sandy soil to construct the railway subgrade. The sand bag structure is explored as a reinforcement method for as railway sandy subgrade by numerical analysis. The Flac3D is selected as the calculation tool with its GeogridSEL structural element used to simulate the function of geotextile bag. It is assumed the geotextiles remain elastic in the calculation, and the failure occurs at the interface between geotextiles and surrounding soil. The results show that when bagged sand is used, the internal friction angle of sandy soil can be appropriately reduced, or a steeper slope can be used, but the friction angle between bagged sand and geotextile is required to be larger. At the same time, if the internal friction angle of sand is small, in order to obtain a smaller slope, geotextile is required to be subjected to a larger tensile stress.
An automated on-line clinical mastitis detection system using measurement of electrical parameters and milk production efficiency
Authors: Fuyang Tian , Zhonghua Wang , Sufang Yu , Benhai Xiong , Shunxi Wang
Published: November 2020

This study aims to assess a novel method for automatic on-line detection of clinical mastitis in an automatic milking system using the measurement of electrical parameters, data of milk production efficiency and neural network from the novel mastitis detection sensor. The sensors were used to measure following 9 parameters: the quarter-level milk yield (MY; kg), average electrical conductivity in milking session (AEC; mS/cm), pH of milk (pH), temperatures of milk (TP; °C), milk production efficiency (MPE; kg/h) between successive milking sessions, milking time(MT; min), Milking efficiency (ME; kg/min), Milk production time(MPT; kg/h), cow number. The 9 measurements were inputted into a neural network to calculate the mastitis detection index. The network was trained with 44 healthy and 6 clinical mastitic cows. 42 of 44 healthy and 5 of 6 mastitic cows were classified correctly after training. The trained neural network predicted 164 of 176 healthy quarters correctly in different evaluation data sets. These results were better than the results obtained with the model usually used on the farm.
Creep Life Prediction of Heat-resistant Steel using Kachanov Model
Authors: Yu Hong , Shao Zhenzhen , Ren Facai
Published: November 2020

The accurate prediction of creep life is very important for the safety of the equipment used at high temperature. A series of creep tests of modified 9Cr-1Mo heat-resistant steel were carried out by using creep specimens machined from the plate at the temperatures of 565°C with stress ranging from 200 to 250MPa. The creep life of modified 9Cr-1Mo heat-resistant steel was estimated using the Kachanov creep damage model. The results show that the Kachanov creep damage model can be used to predict the creep life well.