bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individual entrepreneurial orientation: comparison of business and STEM students
Authors: Nikitina Tatjana , Licznerska Magdalena , Ozoliņa-Ozola Iveta , Lapina Inga
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The present study has been designed with the aim to determine whether there are differences in individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) between students, doing their major in business studies and the ones whose areas of study are science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).

Design/methodology/approach

The theoretical research methods comprise the review of secondary sources to build a sound theoretical framework for the research activities. The empirical research method is a survey in Latvia and Poland applying non-parametric inferential statistical methods as well as linear regression analysis to investigate which factors and components contribute to EO orientation development among different groups of students, and, thus, verify the research hypotheses.

Findings

The yielded research results demonstrate that there are significant differences between business and STEM students when they analyze their IEO. It turned out that STEM students obtain significantly lower scores for risk-taking and innovation but higher for proactiveness. Additionally, it was detected that the chosen field of study affects students’ perception of educational support, thus, influencing their innovation, proactiveness, and risk propensity characteristics.

Research limitations/implications

In this research, the authors focused on exploring IEO among business and STEM students in Latvia and Poland, hence the findings cannot be one-to-one applied to other countries.

Practical implications

The topicality of the theme is determined by the fact that changes in external environment require higher educational institutions (HEIs) in Latvia and Poland to foster their entrepreneurial ecosystems and re-master study programs both for business and STEM students as well as conduct projects that include students, academic staff, and business representatives – the transformation is necessary to create positive attitude towards entrepreneurship among the students and help them to consider entrepreneurial career path later.

Originality/value

Factors and components which contribute to IEO development among different groups of students are under-researched in the Baltic countries, experiencing systemic transformation. The authors believe that universities can use the analysis of their students’ IEO to allocate their resources in a better way, adjust curricula to the real needs of students and facilitate entrepreneurship.
The patient as a prosumer of healthcare: insights from a bibliometric-interpretive review
Authors: Ciasullo Maria Vincenza , Lim Weng Marc , Manesh Mohammad Fakhar , Palumbo Rocco
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Healthcare policies around the globe are aimed at achieving patient-centeredness. The patient is understood as a prosumer of healthcare, wherein healthcare service co-production and value co-creation take center stage. The article endeavors to unpack the state of the literature on the innovations promoting the transition toward patient-centeredness, informing policy and management interventions fostering the reconceptualization of the patient as a prosumer of healthcare services.

Design/methodology/approach

A hybrid review methodology consisting of a bibliometric-interpretive review following the Scientific Procedures and Rationales for Systematic Literature Reviews (SPAR-4-SLR) protocol is used. The bibliometric component enabled us to objectively map the extant scientific knowledge into research streams, whereas the interpretive component facilitated the critical analysis of research streams.

Findings

Patient-centeredness relies on a bundle of innovations that are enacted through a cycle of patients' activation, empowerment, involvement and engagement, wherein the omission of any steps arrests the transition toward service co-production and value co-creation. Institutional, organizational and cognitive barriers should be overcome to boost the transition of patients from consumers to prosumers in a patient-centered model of healthcare.

Originality/value

The article delivers the state of the art of the scientific literature in the field of innovations aimed at sustaining the transition toward patient-centeredness and provides some food for thoughts to scholars and practitioners who wish to push forward service co-production and value co-creation in healthcare.
Sustainability management research in the Arab world: a citation-based systematic literature review
Authors: Ahmad Nisar , Smajić Hamza , Palalic Ramo , Al-Riyami Said
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This paper presents a citation-based systematic literature review in the field of sustainability management for Arab countries. The aim is to assist potential researchers in this field to identify existing themes, gaps and other relevant information necessary for the further development of the research area.

Design/methodology/approach

A comprehensive list of keywords has been searched in the SCOPUS database to identify all the relevant articles in the field of sustainability management in Arab countries. After applying the relevant restriction criteria, manual screening of titles, abstracts and keywords was performed to identify the final sample. The final sample consists of 410 articles published in 218 different journals by 907 authors. Bibliometrix R-tool was used to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the selected articles.

Findings

Findings indicate a growing trend of publications on sustainability management in the generally understudied Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Besides publication trends, citation analysis presents citation trends, most influential journals and authors, and most cited articles on sustainability management in Arab countries. Theme identification is shown through analyses of conceptual and intellectual structures. Finally, social networks in the field are discussed.

Practical implications

Information presented in this paper informs interested researchers about the current state in the field, relevant sources of knowledge, important literature on the topic, relevant authors and other valuable particulars. This systematic literature review helps researchers make further valuable contributions to the field of sustainability management in Arab countries.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper offers a first comprehensive citation-based systematic literature review on sustainability management in Arab countries.
The Bakery Shop (TBS) takes the heat: crisis management, social media, and corporate reputation
Authors: Abdel-Meguid Ahmed Mohamed
Published: April 2022

Theoretical basis

Businesses of all sizes are susceptible to unforeseen shocks, which could have severe adverse effects on its brand, its reputation and even its survival. This case draws on three main streams of academic business literature and bodies of knowledge that come into play under such circumstances: reputational risk, crisis management and social media.

Research methodology

The author used primary and secondary sources in the research and development of this case. An interview with one of the cofounders of The Bakery Shop (TBS) provided a primary first-hand account of the events leading to this crisis and the subsequent remedial actions taken. The author supplemented this research with information from TBS’s website, social media accounts and TBS-provided material.

Case overview/synopsis

In 2015, TBS, a growing Egyptian business specializing in premium baked goods, launched a new fusion dessert “The Croissant Om Ali.” Triggered by social media, the new product was an instant hit, resulting in orders that exceeded TBS’s initial projection. However, the business suffered a sudden turn of events when some consumers showed symptoms of food poisoning. Once again, social media came into play with an aggressive customer backlash toward TBS. Its cofounders devised an appropriate action plan to address the crisis and salvage TBS’s tarnished reputation.

Complexity academic level

This case is written primarily for an introductory business course for first-year students of business and other closely related disciplines. This case mainly addresses crisis management as a means of restoring corporate reputation. It also highlights the important role of social media in a crisis.
Refugee Policy Amidst Global Shocks: Encampment, Resettlement Barriers and the Search for ‘Durable Solutions’
Authors: Spiegel Samuel J. , Mhlanga Johanne
Published: April 2022

Global policy commitments to refugee protection are shaped by ever‐growing pressures, from displacements triggered by conflicts, extremism and climate crisis to domestic fear‐based politics. Before the COVID‐19 pandemic, many governments were increasingly embracing exclusionary policies, defying the rights of asylum‐seekers and refugees stalled in protracted camp settlements. While such policies contrast starkly with core principles espoused in the 1951 Refugee Convention and the Global Compact on Refugees, restrictions on refugees intensified further during the pandemic. This article discusses struggles shaped by these trajectories, drawing on policy analysis and experiences articulated in Tongogara Refugee Camp in Zimbabwe, where displaced people have recently endured impacts of climate disasters along with greater constraints on mobility and the hardening of international borders. We highlight divergences between colonial policy orientations and African philosophies such as Ubuntu that prioritize communal values and humanity towards others. Analysing concerns around encampment and barriers both to resettlement and local integration, we stress that the talents, contributions and fundamental rights of refugees should not be ignored by policy makers, who also need to be attentive to the social and ecological challenges experienced in refugee spaces. Exploring constraints of the various ‘durable solutions’, we draw attention to how uncertainties facing displaced people need to be critically approached as multi‐scalar policy matters, beckoning attention to insufficiently met commitments linked with the Global Compact on Refugees, ways of mobilizing resistance to contemporary colonial bordering and support for refugee‐led initiatives.
A systematic review of using flexible bronchoscopy to remove foreign bodies from paediatric patients
Authors: Chantzaras Anastasios‐Panagiotis , Panagiotou Panagiota , Karageorgos Spyridon , Douros Konstantinos
Published: April 2022

Aim

Our aim was to summarise the evidence about flexible bronchoscopy for paediatric airway foreign body aspiration cases.

Methods

We searched the PubMed database from 1 January 2001 to 9 October 2021 for peer‐review papers published in English on the use, and success rates, of flexible bronchoscopy as the first‐line treatment for foreign body aspiration cases. This process identified 243 potential papers.

Results

We studied 23 papers comprising 2588 cases of foreign body aspiration and flexible bronchoscopy successfully removed the foreign bodies in 87.1% of cases. Complication rates were low in the 983 patients studied in 18 papers. The foreign bodies were organic materials in 78.3% of 1371 patients and mainly lodged in the right bronchial tree in 50.5% of 1402 patients. General anaesthesia was used before flexible bronchoscopy in 14/23 studies and laryngeal mask airways were mostly used in 10/23 studies to secure the airway during the procedure. Ancillary equipment was used to assist the foreign body removal in 57.3% of 1808 cases and these were usually baskets.

Conclusion

Flexible bronchoscopy was a feasible and safe therapeutic procedure for selected foreign body aspiration cases. Future studies need to focus on comparing the clinical outcomes of flexible and rigid bronchoscopies.
The Hidden Giant: How a rift pulse triggered a cascade of sector collapses and voluminous secondary mass‐transport events in the early evolution of Santorini
Authors: Preine Jonas , Karstens Jens , Hübscher Christian , Crutchley Gareth J. , Druitt Timothy H. , Schmid Florian , Nomikou Paraskevi
Published: April 2022

Volcanic island sector collapses have the potential to trigger devastating tsunamis and volcanic eruptions that threaten coastal communities and infrastructure. Considered one of the most hazardous volcano‐tectonic regions in the world, the Christiana‐Santorini‐Kolumbo Volcanic Field (CSKVF) lies in the South Aegean Sea in an active rift zone. Previous studies identified an enigmatic voluminous mass‐transport deposit west and east of Santorini emplaced during the early evolution of the edifice. However, the distribution and volume as well as the nature and emplacement dynamics of this deposit remained unknown up to now. In this study, we use an extensive dataset of high‐resolution seismic profiles to unravel the distribution and internal architecture of this deposit. We show that it is located in all basins surrounding Santorini and has a bulk volume of up to 125 km3, thus representing the largest known volcanic island mass‐transport deposit in the entire Mediterranean Sea. We propose that the deposit is the result of a complex geohazard cascade that was initiated by an intensive rift pulse. This rifting event triggered a series of smaller precursory mass‐transport events before large‐scale sector collapses occurred on the northeastern flank of the extinct Christiana Volcano and on the southeastern flank of the nascent Santorini. This was followed by the emplacement of large‐scale secondary sediment failures on the slopes of Santorini, which transitioned into debris and turbidity flows that traveled far into the neighboring rift basins. Following this cascade, a distinct change in the volcanic behaviour of the CSKVF occurred, suggesting a close relationship between crustal extension, mass transport and volcanism. Cascading geohazards seem to be more common in the evolution of marine volcanic systems than previously appreciated. Wider awareness and a better understanding of cascading effects are crucial for more holistic hazard assessments.
Clinical management of pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: An expert opinion
Authors: Bahri Khomami Mahnaz , Teede Helena J , Joham Anju E. , Moran Lisa J. , Piltonen Terhi T. , Boyle Jacqueline A.
Published: April 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with a higher risk for pregnancy and birth complications according to the specific features associated with PCOS. The features include obesity before and during pregnancy, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, infertility, cardiometabolic risk factors, and poor mental health. PCOS is not often recognized as a risk factor for poor pregnancy and birth outcomes in pregnancy care guidelines, while its associated features are. Pregnancy‐related risk profile should ideally be assessed for modifiable risk factors (e.g., lifestyle and weight management) at preconception in women with PCOS. Hyperglycaemia should be screened using a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test at preconception or within the first 20 weeks of pregnancy if it has not been performed at preconception and should be repeated at 24–28 weeks of pregnancy. In the absence of evidence of benefit for strategies specific to women with PCOS, the international evidence‐based guidelines for the assessment and management of PCOS recommend screening, optimizing, and monitoring risk profile in women with PCOS (at preconception, during and postpregnancy) consistent with the recommendations for the general population. Recommended factors include blood glucose, weight, blood pressure, smoking, alcohol, diet, exercise, sleep and mental health, emotional, and sexual health among women with PCOS. The guidelines recommend Metformin in addition to lifestyle for assisting with weight management and improving cardiometabolic risk factors, particularly in those with overweight or obesity. Letrozole is considered the first‐line pharmacological treatment for anovulatory infertility in PCOS. Individualized approach should be considered in the management of pregnancy in PCOS.
Institutional cross‐ownership and firm social performance
Authors: Fu Yishu , Liu Chunbo , Qin Zhenjiang , Zhao Dongwei
Published: April 2022

Research Question/Issue

This paper examines the relation between institutional cross‐ownership from the same industry (hereafter, INSTCO) and corporate social responsibility (hereafter, CSR) for Chinese publicly traded firms. We also investigate whether the relation between INSTCO and CSR depends on the strength of the internal and external corporate governance.

Research Findings/Insights

Based on a sample of Chinese listed firms from 2009 to 2017, we find that INSTCO is significantly positively associated with firm CSR performance. We interpret our results under the signaling theory of strategic CSR spending, according to which CSR spending is a valuable signal that distinguishes firms from peers, particularly in an environment with severe information asymmetry. The effective monitoring of INSTCO drives managers to engage in the CSR signaling more actively. Furthermore, this positive association between INSTCO and CSR signaling is only found among firms with strong internal and/or external corporate governance.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

The findings in this paper indicate that the well‐documented monitoring role of INSTCO also has important implications on firms' social performance. Moreover, our findings contribute to the literature on strategic CSR spending by highlighting the role of CSR spending as a signaling device in China as the largest emerging market. Lastly, both internal and external corporate governance significantly moderate the impact of INSTCO on firms' social performance.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

CSR initiatives are valuable signals. Policy makers should be aware that common ownership may enhance stakeholders' welfare due to INSTCO's monitoring effect, since this study documents a significantly positive effect of INSTCO on corporate social performance. Investors in the Chinese market should also be aware of the nontrivial signaling function of CSR activities, especially in a strong internal governance and/or an investor‐friendly external governance environment.
Gender differences in the assessment, decision‐making and outcomes for ventricular assist devices and heart transplantation: An analysis from a UK transplant center
Authors: MacGowan Guy A. , McDiarmid Adam , Jansen Katrijn , Coats Louise , Crossland David , Woods Andrew , Kunadian Vijay , Shah Asif , Schueler Stephan , Parry Gareth
Published: April 2022

Purpose

There are marked gender differences in all etiologies of advanced heart failure. We sought to determine whether there is evidence of gender‐specific decision making for transplant assessments, and how gender effects outcomes.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of adult heart transplant assessments at a single UK center between April 2015 and March 2020.

Results

Females were 32% of referrals (N = 137 females, 285 males), with marked differences between diagnoses – 11% ischemic and 43% of adult congenital. Females were younger, shorter, weighed less, and had lower pulmonary pressures. Females were much less likely to receive a ventricular assist device (13%). Blood type “O” females were relatively more likely compared to males to receive a transplant (45%). Comparing males and females who received a ventricular assist device, both had similar levels of high pulmonary pressures, indicating consistent decision‐making based on hemodynamics to implant a device. Overall survival was better for females (in noncongenital patients), and this was due to female patients who were not accepted for transplant or a ventricular assist device being more often “too well for transplant,” rather than in males when they were more often “unsuitable.”

Conclusions

Marked gender differences exist at all stages of the heart transplant assessment pathway. Appropriate decision‐making based on clinical grounds is shown with less transplants in male blood type “O”s and hemodynamic criteria for ventricular assist device implantation in both genders. Further studies are needed to determine if there is a wider community bias in advanced heart failure treatments for females.
FADM: A Feasible Approach to Disaster Management
Authors: D’Andrea Alessia , Grifoni Patrizia , Ferri Fernando
Published: April 2022

Motivation

The scientific community devotes considerable attention to defining and implementing approaches for preventing and managing disasters. The article presents an innovative disaster management approach that considers societal, economic, and environmental issues and expectations, in order to stimulate actors' collaboration at different scales (local, national, etc.).

Purpose

The article proposes an innovative approach to disaster management that integrates the characteristics of recent approaches—resilience‐based, sustainability‐based, and responsible research and innovation (RRI)‐based.

Methods and approach

The article present a detailed overview of the evolution of disaster management approaches, evaluating their different characteristics to identify the most effective approach, as well as an analysis of the pillars characterizing the resilience, sustainability, and RRI concepts and the different phases of each approach.

Findings

The article suggests practices to reduce/mitigate the impacts of disasters, classified according to their different actors and components.

Policy implications

First, the implementation of the approach has to be aligned with adequate policies or funding. It also requires the involvement of many different actors and a range of public‐sector agencies at different levels of government.
Diffusion tractography predicts propagated high‐frequency activity during epileptic spasms
Authors: O'Hara Nolan B. , Lee Min‐Hee , Juhász Csaba , Asano Eishi , Jeong Jeong‐Won
Published: April 2022

Objective

To determine the structural networks that constrain propagation of ictal oscillations during epileptic spasm events, and compare the observed propagation patterns across patients with successful or unsuccessful surgical outcomes.

Methods

Subdural electrode recordings of 18 young patients (age 1–11 years) were analyzed during epileptic spasm events to determine ictal networks and quantify the amplitude and onset time of ictal oscillations across the cortical surface. Corresponding structural networks were generated with diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tractography by seeding the cortical region associated with the earliest average oscillation onset time, and white matter pathways connecting active electrode regions within the ictal network were isolated. Properties of this structural network were used to predict oscillation onset times and amplitudes, and this relationship was compared across patients who did and did not achieve seizure freedom following resective surgery.

Results

Onset propagation patterns were relatively consistent across each patient’s spasm events. An electrode's average ictal oscillation onset latency was most significantly associated with the length of direct corticocortical tracts connecting to the area with the earliest average oscillation onset (p < .001, modelR2 = .54). Moreover, patients demonstrating a faster propagation of ictal oscillation signals within the corticocortical network were more likely to have seizure recurrence following resective surgery (p = .039). In addition, ictal oscillation amplitude was associated with connecting tractography length and weighted fractional anisotropy (FA) measures along these pathways (p = .002/.030, modelR2 = .31/.25). Characteristics of analogous corticothalamic pathways did not show significant associations with ictal oscillation onset latency or amplitude.

Significance

Spatiotemporal propagation patterns of high‐frequency activity in epileptic spasms align with length and FA measures from onset‐originating corticocortical pathways. Considering the data in this individualized framework may help inform surgical decision‐making and expectations of surgical outcomes.
Post‐dialysis recovery time in ESRD patients receiving more frequent hemodialysis in skilled nursing facilities
Authors: Bellin Eran Y. , Hellebrand Alice M. , Kaplan Steven M. , Ledvina Jordan G. , Markis William T. , Levin Nathan W. , Kaufman Allen M.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Post‐dialysis recovery time (DRT) has an important relationship to quality of life and survival, as identified in studies of ESRD patients on conventional dialysis. ESRD patients are often discharged from hospitals to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) where on‐site treatment using home hemodialysis technology is increasingly offered, but nothing is known about DRT in this patient population.

Methods

From November 4, 2019 to June 11, 2021, within a dialysis organization providing service across 12 states and 154 SNFs, patients receiving in‐SNF, more frequent dialysis (MFD) (modeled to deliver 14 treatment hours minimum per week and stdKt/V ≥2.0) were asked to describe their post‐dialysis recovery time following their previous treatment, within predefined categoric choices: 0–½, ½–1, 1–2, 2–4, 4–8, 8–12 h, by next morning, or not even by next morning. Patients reporting DRT following at least one full‐week treatment opportunity were included in a mixed model logistic regression of rapid recovery (DRT ≤2 h).

Findings

Two thousand three hundred and nine patients met the statistical modeling inclusion criteria, providing DRT on 108,876 dialysis sessions, while receiving mean (SD) 4.3 (0.96) weekly dialysis treatments. 2118 (92%) reported DRT ≤2 h. Results appeared biologically plausible, as lower odds of rapid DRT were observed for patients who were older, missed their previous treatment, or experienced intradialytic hypotension. Greater odds of rapid DRT were observed in patients receiving five dialyses in the previous week or having 160–179 mmHg pre‐hemodialysis systolic blood pressure. Rapid recovery was associated with reduced mortality or hospitalization.

Discussion

SNF dialysis patients receiving 5x per week MFD report rapid recovery time ≤2 h in 92% of dialyses despite advanced age, frailty, and comorbidities. Future studies will assess the practical ramifications of rapid DRT perception/experience on nursing home rehabilitation programs, which could impact patient health beyond the nursing home stay.
Use of antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy and association with birth outcome among women living with HIV in Denmark: A nationwide, population‐based cohort study
Authors: Moseholm Ellen , Katzenstein Terese Lea , Pedersen Gitte , Johansen Isik Somuncu , Wienecke Lisa Skyggelund , Storgaard Merete , Obel Niels , Weis Nina
Published: April 2022

Objective

To describe antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens during pregnancy among women living with HIV (WLWH) in Denmark and to examine the association between ART use in pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes.

Methods

A population‐based cohort study including all pregnancies among WLWH in Denmark between 2000 and 2019. Data were collected through national registries. Temporal trends of ART use in pregnancy were evaluated. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association of ART use in pregnancy and other risk factors with adverse birth outcomes.

Results

In total, 589 pregnancies were included. Combination treatment with a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and a protease inhibitor (PI) was the most common ART regimen (96%). ART regimen, PI use in pregnancy and timing of ART initiation were not significantly associated with increased odds of preterm birth, small for gestational age or low birth weight. First‐trimester initiation of ART was significantly associated with increased odds of intrauterine growth restriction in the multivariate analysis [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23–11.59], while first trimester PI use was associated with increased odds of IUGR in the univariate analysis only [OR = 3.24, 95% CI: 1.13–9.30]. Smoking, comorbidity, and maternal HIV RNA ≥ 50 copies/mL were independently associated with increased odds of adverse birth outcomes.

Conclusions

Pregnant WLWH living in Denmark are generally well treated with HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL at delivery and NRTI + PI as the most common ART regimen used in pregnancy. Initiation of ART in the first trimester may be associated with poor fetal growth. The association between ART use in pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes may partly be explained by maternal risk factors.
Using accounting dataset for agricultural sustainability assessment through a multi‐criteria approach: an Italian case study
Authors: Boggia A. , Fagioli F. F. , Paolotti L. , Ruiz F. , Cabello J.M. , Rocchi L.
Published: April 2022

Sustainability has become a key issue for agricultural systems. In this context, sustainability assessment implies considering different aspects of agricultural activities, including environmental, economic and social issues, and it is usually based on practice‐based indicators. However, proposed methods and applications are still rare due to the difficulty to build a strong general framework and to find appropriate data. The present work develops a performance indicator framework using farm accounting data from the Italian Agricultural Accounting Information Network and proposes a multi‐criteria approach based on the multiple reference point weak‐strong composite indicators (MRP‐WSCI) method to assess the degree of sustainability at the farm level. This method, widely applied to sustainability assessment, calculates the relative rankings including the weak and strong approaches to sustainability and facilitates an understanding of the different indices used, but it is still unused in the agricultural sector. The proposed evaluation framework shows that MRP‐WSCI can handle a holistic set of indicators and rank the farms according to their level of sustainability, making it suitable for the agricultural farm sustainability assessment. Our results show that none of the farms in the case study sample can be classified as “good,” according to some of the indices produced, that is, the strong–strong and strong–weak index, while just two of them are good for the weak–weak index. Although the size of the sample used is small, the methodological approach proposed can be straightforwardly extended to larger samples. This methodology can provide information regarding the sustainability of farms to regional and/or national agricultural offices, agricultural extension workers, and farmers themselves, helping in understanding issues in specific dimensions.
Mechanically induced rhombohedral to tetragonal phase transition in PMN–PT single crystals by nanoindentation
Authors: Man Guian , Jiang Yixuan , Wang Xingzhe
Published: April 2022

Understanding the phase transition behavior of the rhombohedral phase (R) and tetragonal phase (T) of the relaxor ferroelectric PMN–PT single crystals under mechanical load is essential for the potential voltage‐free controlled ferroelectric‐based nanodevices. Relaxor ferroelectric single crystals PMN–PT, under a local inhomogeneous mechanical load, were studied experimentally by the nanoindentation tests and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The observations show that the rhombohedral phase can be transformed successfully to the tetragonal phase under a mechanical stress, and the tetragonal phase in the PMN–PT single crystals presents a structural stability. The phase transition induced by the mechanical stress with different strain rates further indicates that the relaxor ferroelectric single crystals possess a potential mechanical controllability. The present study reveals the phase transition pathway of the relaxor ferroelectric single crystal under inhomogeneous stress and provides the exciting possibility of the control of mechanically induced phase transition for ferroelectrics.
Early repolarization syndrome, epilepsy, and atrial fibrillation in a young girl with novel KCND3 mutation managed with quinidine
Authors: Choubey Mrigank , Bansal Raghav , Siddharthan Deepti , Naik Nitish , Sharma Gautam , Saxena Anita
Published: April 2022

A 6‐year‐old girl presented with a difficult to control epilepsy syndrome. On evaluation, additional presyncope episodes associated with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia were also noted. A diagnosis of early repolarization syndrome (ERS) was made with an early repolarization pattern on electrocardiogram, documented VT episodes, and clinical presyncope (proposed Shanghai score 7). Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) was also noted on 24‐h Holter recordings. The child was stabilized with isoprenaline infusion and was later discharged with arrhythmia control on quinidine and cilostazol. The genetic evaluation revealed a potassium channel KCND3 gene missense mutation. The case highlights the association of epilepsy syndrome and AF with ERS; the possible association of KCND3 gene mutation with a malignant phenotype; and management issues in a small child.
Improving Osmia lignaria and O. cornifrons (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) retention with preferred nest materials and attractant spray
Authors: Pinilla‐Gallego Mario S. , Rowe Logan M. , Gibbs Jason , Pitts‐Singer Theresa L. , Isaacs Rufus
Published: April 2022

Mason bees (Megachilidae: Osmia) are alternative managed pollinators with the potential to supplement pollination by honey bees in many crops. However, challenges for their management in orchards still remain. If nesting conditions are not optimal, females can show high dispersion rates, which decrease their economic viability at commercial scales. One way to improve female retention is by offering attractive nesting substrates. We tested the effect of several combinations of substrate materials and shelter types, as well as an attractant compound, on the retention and performance of Osmia lignaria and O. cornifrons females. We compared nesting in three types of shelter (blue and white plastic totes and brown pine plywood), with cardboard tubes of four different diameters (5–8 mm), reeds, and wood blocks as substrates at an experimental farm orchard. In a separate experiment with plywood shelters and 7‐mm cardboard tubes, we tested an attractant spray based on decanoic acid (patent number US 9301521B2), a compound isolated from O. lignaria cocoons and expected to encourage females to nest in artificial cavities. In both experiments, O. cornifrons showed higher female retention than O. lignaria. The combination of plywood shelters with reeds had the highest nesting for both species, although O. cornifrons also readily used cardboard tubes of 5–6 mm diameter. The attractant spray increased nesting by O. cornifrons, but not by O. lignaria. We also found a significant interaction between the effect of the attractant and the year of the experiment, indicating that weather and other environmental variables could affect the efficacy of the attractant. Together, our results suggest that using the right combination of shelters and substrates, as well as the attractant spray, is an effective strategy to increase Osmia female retention for orchard pollination.
Lure design for Drosophila suzukii based on liquid culture of fruit epiphytic yeasts: Comparing the attractivity of fermentation volatiles for seasonal morphs
Authors: Erdei Anna Laura , Szelényi Magdolna Olívia , Deutsch Ferenc , Rikk Péter , Molnár Béla Péter
Published: April 2022

The spotted‐wing vinegar fly (Drosophila suzukii) is currently one of the most serious, invasive pest of berry crops worldwide. Most drosophilids are known to be attracted to fermentation volatiles produced by fruit epiphytic yeasts. Therefore, vinegar and wine baits are widely used in field trapping. However, these traps are not selective for spotted‐wing drosophila. We wished to exploit the previously discovered tight‐knit relationship between this vinegar fly and a fruit‐colonizing yeast, Hanseniaspora uvarum, and utilize this in the design of a selective lure. Field trapping experiments were carried out in a commercial cherry orchard to evaluate the attractiveness of bottle traps baited with liquid culture of four epiphytic yeast species on stone fruits and soft‐skinned fruits: H. uvarum, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia terricola and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as the mixed culture of the first two species. We also completed experiments using apple juice inoculated with H. uvarum. We compared the attractivity of yeast culture baits for D. suzukii and other drosophilids with that of apple cider vinegar. To explore the relationship between lure volatile emission and trap efficiency, solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) was used to measure the headspace of the freshly prepared and 3‐day‐old lures collected from the field. Headspace samples were analysed for their volatilome with gas chromatography coupled mass spectroscopy. The H. uvarum‐containing lures were more specific for D. suzukii than other yeast tested, and the attractivity was significantly higher if it was inoculated in apple juice. H. uvarum‐fermented apple juice lures were more specific for female D. suzukii than the traditional apple cider vinegar lures. Winter‐morph females showed an altered preference for yeast volatiles in the absence of fruit substrate.
Investigation on utility of some novel terpenes on transungual delivery of fluconazole for the management of onychomycosis
Authors: Adin Syeda Nashvia , Gupta Isha , Ali Asad , Aqil Mohd , Mujeeb Mohd , Sultana Yasmin
Published: April 2022

Background

Onychomycosis, the most prevailing affliction of the nail, accounts for approximately 90% of the toenail infection worldwide. Owing to this infection, the affected patients experience reduced quality of their life as its awful appearance undermines their daily activities and social interactions. Onychomycosis is notoriously strenuous to cure. Systemic therapy, though effective, possess severe complication of toxicities, contra‐indication, and drug–drug interaction. Albeit topical therapy is favorable to its localized effect, its potency relates to the effective concentration of the antifungal drugs achieved at the infection site. An approach to accomplish this goal would be acquiring benefits from the terpenes as penetration enhancers from natural sources. This investigation aimed to study the effectiveness of six terpenes, namely safranal, lavandulol, rose oxide, 3‐methyl‐2‐butene‐1‐ol, linalool, and limonene, as potential penetration enhancers for improved nail permeation of fluconazole through the human nail.

Methods

Ex vivo permeation experiments were carried out by soaking the nail clippings of human volunteers in control and working solutions containing fluconazole (5 mg/ml) per se and fluconazole (5 mg/ml) with 6% of each terpene, including safranal, lavandulol, rose oxide, 3‐methyl‐2‐butene‐1‐ol, linalool, and limonene, respectively, for 48 h. The amount of fluconazole in nail clippings was quantified using an HPLC method.

Results

Statistical analysis showed that fluconazole transungual permeation was influenced by the studied terpenes in the following order: safranal >lavandulol acetate >limonene > rose oxide (p‐value >0.05) while the other terpenes showed no significant difference with the control group and safranal represents as the most effective permeation enhancer for the transungual delivery of fluconazole.

Conclusion

It is concluded that the safranal can be successfully used as a safe and potential permeation enhancer to enhance the transungual delivery of fluconazole for the treatment of onychomycosis.
Cold application for pain and anxiety reduction following chest tube removal: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Chia‐Te , Tung Heng‐Hsin , Chen Yen‐Chin , Wang Jiun‐Ling , Tsai Sheng‐Han , Huang Yen‐Ta , Hsu Teh‐Fu
Published: April 2022

Aim and Objectives

To conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the effects of cold application on pain and anxiety reduction after chest tube removal (CTR).

Background

The act of removing the chest tube often causes pain among cardiothoracic surgery patients.

Most guidelines regarding CTR do not mention pain management. The effects of cold application on reducing pain and anxiety after CTR are inconsistent.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

We searched six databases, including Embase, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, the Index to Taiwan Periodical Literature System and Airiti Library, to identify relevant articles up to the end of February 2021. We limited the language to English and Chinese and the design to randomised controlled trials (RCTs). All studies were reviewed by two independent investigators. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess the risk of bias, Review Manager 5.4 was used to conduct the meta‐analysis. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was used for assessing certainty of evidence (CoE).

Results

Ten RCTs with 683 participants were included in the meta‐analysis. The use of cold application could effectively reduce pain and anxiety after CTR. The subgroup showed that a skin temperature drops to 13°C of cold application was significantly more effective for the immediate reduction in pain intensity after CTR compared with control group. The GRADE methodology demonstrated that CoE was very low level.

Conclusion

Cold application is a safe and easy‐to‐administer nonpharmacological method with immediate and persistent effects on pain and anxiety relief after CTR. Skin temperature drops to 13°C or lasts 20 min of cold application were more effective for immediate reduction of pain intensity following CTR.

Relevance to clinical practice

In addition to pharmacological strategy, cold application could be used as evidence for reducing pain intensity and anxiety level after CTR.
lncRNA DLG1‐AS1 promotes cervical cancer cell gemcitabine resistance by regulating miR‐16‐5p/HDGF
Authors: Zou Min‐Jun , Cheng Xiao‐Rong , Liu Rui‐Feng
Published: April 2022

Aim

To investigate the long non‐coding RNA DLG1 Antisense RNA 1 (lncRNA DLG1‐AS1) mechanism in cervical cancer cells with gemcitabine (GEM) resistance.

Methods

Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to detect DLG1‐AS1, miR‐16‐5p, and hepatoma‐derived growth factor (HDGF) expression in cervical cancer cells. The effects of DLG1‐AS1 knockdown on cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were investigated in GEM‐resistant cervical cancer cells. The binding of DLG1‐AS1 with miR‐16‐5p and of miR‐16‐5p with HDGF was confirmed through dual‐luciferase reporter assays. HDGF expression was detected through Western blotting. A xenograft model was established using stably transfected GEM‐resistant cervical cancer cells to detect the role of DLG1‐AS1 in tumorigenesis in vivo.

Results

DLG1‐AS1 expression was significantly elevated in HeLa/GEM and SiHa/GEM cells. DLG1‐AS1 silencing significantly reduced the viability and proliferation of GEM‐resistant cervical cancer cells. DLG1‐AS1 also promoted GEM sensitivity in cervical cancer cells by inhibiting miR‐16‐5p. Moreover, the tumor volume in nude mice in the DLG1‐AS1 knockdown group decreased after GEM treatment. In addition, DLG1‐AS1 targeted miR‐16‐5p, and miR‐16‐5p targeted HDGF. The miR‐16‐5p inhibitor reversed the DLG1‐AS1 knockdown effect in GEM‐resistant cervical cancer cells.

Conclusion

Knockdown of DLG1‐AS1 promoted GEM sensitivity in cervical cancer cells by regulating miR‐16‐5p/HDGF.
A Blessing and a Curse: Institutional Embeddedness of Longstanding MNE Subsidiaries in Emerging Markets
Authors: Röell Christiaan , Arndt Felix , Kumar Vikas
Published: April 2022

This article examines the institutional strategies of multinational enterprises (MNEs) operating in an emerging market, drawing attention to how longstanding foreign subsidiaries proactively negotiate their involvement with socio‐political actors. We build on institutional logics to explain how MNE subsidiaries develop sustained political, cultural, and cognitive embeddedness. Using an inductive, interpretive study of four century‐old Dutch MNE subsidiaries with a colonial legacy in Indonesia, we examine these three dimensions of the institutional environment, finding that local employees embedded in both the MNE and the host country sets of logics ‒ rather than expatriate managers ‒ most effectively facilitated sustained institutional embeddedness. Our findings also suggest that embedding practices in host institutional contexts and developing structures that align with host institutional expectations provided a platform for the unfolding of institutional strategies by local employees. However, MNE subsidiaries face contrasting logics between home and host country institutions, placing significant strains on MNEs’ ability to enact change.
Detrimental impact of temporomandibular disorders (mis)beliefs and possible strategies to overcome
Authors: Cintra Débora N. , de Oliveira Sara A. S. , Lorenzo Isadora A. , Costa Dyna Mara F. , Bonjardim Leonardo R. , Costa Yuri M.
Published: April 2022

Aim

This topical review presents common patients’ misbeliefs about temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and discusses their possible impact on the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. We also discussed the possible influence of the beliefs and behaviours of healthcare providers on the beliefs of patients with TMD and suggested possible strategies to overcome the negative impacts of such misbeliefs.

Methods

This topical review was based on a non‐systematic search for studies about the beliefs of patients and healthcare professionals about TMD in PubMed and Embase.

Results

Patients’ beliefs can negatively impact the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of TMD. These beliefs can be modulated by several factors such as culture, psychosocial aspects, gender, level of knowledge and previous experiences. Moreover, primary healthcare professionals, including dentists, may lack sufficient experience and skills regarding TMD diagnosis and treatment. Misbeliefs of the healthcare professionals can be based on outdated evidence that is not supported by rigorous methodological investigations. Education and dissemination of knowledge to patients and the general population are effective for prevention, promotion of health and disruption of the cycle of misinformation and dissemination of misbeliefs.

Conclusion

The lack of basic information about TMD and the dissemination of mistaken and outdated concepts may delay the diagnosis, hinder the treatment, and consequently increase the risk of worsening the condition. Education is key to overcome TMD misbeliefs.
The Voting Rights Act and the curious case of three‐judge district court panels
Authors: Mak Maxwell , Sidman Andrew H.
Published: April 2022

A major avenue through which Voting Rights Act (VRA) cases are adjudicated is three‐judge district court panels. These panels mix district and circuit court judges and exist in federal law to force certain important legal questions to be decided in a multimember environment. Using an original dataset of VRA cases decided by three‐judge district court panels, we find that these panels do not operate as intended. We find that the circuit court judges on these panels vote their own preferences consistently, unmoved by strategic or collegial considerations. District court judges, on the other hand, appear to defer to their circuit court brethren.