bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED REAL-TIME SCAN MATCHING USING CORNER FEATURES
Authors: Mohamed H. A. , Moussa A. M. , Elhabiby M. M. , El-Sheimy N. , Sesay Abu B.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The automation of unmanned vehicle operation has gained a lot of research attention, in the last few years, because of its numerous applications. The vehicle localization is more challenging in indoor environments where absolute positioning measurements (e.g. GPS) are typically unavailable. Laser range finders are among the most widely used sensors that help the unmanned vehicles to localize themselves in indoor environments. Typically, automatic real-time matching of the successive scans is performed either explicitly or implicitly by any localization approach that utilizes laser range finders. Many accustomed approaches such as Iterative Closest Point (ICP), Iterative Matching Range Point (IMRP), Iterative Dual Correspondence (IDC), and Polar Scan Matching (PSM) handles the scan matching problem in an iterative fashion which significantly affects the time consumption. Furthermore, the solution convergence is not guaranteed especially in cases of sharp maneuvers or fast movement. This paper proposes an automated real-time scan matching algorithm where the matching process is initialized using the detected corners. This initialization step aims to increase the convergence probability and to limit the number of iterations needed to reach convergence. The corner detection is preceded by line extraction from the laser scans. To evaluate the probability of line availability in indoor environments, various data sets, offered by different research groups, have been tested and the mean numbers of extracted lines per scan for these data sets are ranging from 4.10 to 8.86 lines of more than 7 points. The set of all intersections between extracted lines are detected as corners regardless of the physical intersection of these line segments in the scan. To account for the uncertainties of the detected corners, the covariance of the corners is estimated using the extracted lines variances. The detected corners are used to estimate the transformation parameters between the successive scan using least squares. These estimated transformation parameters are used to calculate an adjusted initialization for scan matching process. The presented method can be employed solely to match the successive scans and also can be used to aid other accustomed iterative methods to achieve more effective and faster converge. The performance and time consumption of the proposed approach is compared with ICP algorithm alone without initialization in different scenarios such as static period, fast straight movement, and sharp manoeuvers.
DETECTION OF SLOPE MOVEMENT BY COMPARING POINT CLOUDS CREATED BY SFM SOFTWARE
Authors: Oda Kazuo , Hattori Satoko , Takayama Toko
Published: June 2016

Abstract. This paper proposes movement detection method between point clouds created by SFM software, without setting any onsite georeferenced points. SfM software, like Smart3DCaputure, PhotoScan, and Pix4D, are convenient for non-professional operator of photogrammetry, because these systems require simply specification of sequence of photos and output point clouds with colour index which corresponds to the colour of original image pixel where the point is projected. SfM software can execute aerial triangulation and create dense point clouds fully automatically. This is useful when monitoring motion of unstable slopes, or loos rocks in slopes along roads or railroads. Most of existing method, however, uses mesh-based DSM for comparing point clouds before/after movement and it cannot be applied in such cases that part of slopes forms overhangs. And in some cases movement is smaller than precision of ground control points and registering two point clouds with GCP is not appropriate. Change detection method in this paper adopts CCICP (Classification and Combined ICP) algorithm for registering point clouds before / after movement. The CCICP algorithm is a type of ICP (Iterative Closest Points) which minimizes point-to-plane, and point-to-point distances, simultaneously, and also reject incorrect correspondences based on point classification by PCA (Principle Component Analysis). Precision test shows that CCICP method can register two point clouds up to the 1 pixel size order in original images. Ground control points set in site are useful for initial setting of two point clouds. If there are no GCPs in site of slopes, initial setting is achieved by measuring feature points as ground control points in the point clouds before movement, and creating point clouds after movement with these ground control points. When the motion is rigid transformation, in case that a loose Rock is moving in slope, motion including rotation can be analysed by executing CCICP for a loose rock and background slope independently.
GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAPPING WITH TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING AND UAV-BASED IMAGING
Authors: Tilly N. , Kelterbaum D. , Zeese R.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) are useful for the detailed mapping of geomorphological features. Nowadays various sensors and platforms are available to collect 3D data. The presented study compares terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and low-cost unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)-based imaging in terms of their usability for capturing small-scale surface structures. In October 2014 and June 2015 measurements with both systems were carried out in an episodically water-filled karst depression under pasture farming in the region of Hohenlohe (Southwest Germany). The overall aims were to establish high-resolution DEMs and monitor changes of the relief caused by dissolution and compare the advantages and drawbacks of both systems for such studies. Due to the short time between the campaigns the clear detection of temporal changes was hardly possible. However, the multi-temporal campaigns allowed an extensive investigation of the usability of both sensors under different environmental conditions. In addition to the remote sensing measurements, the coordinates of several positions in the study area were measured with a RTK-DGPS system as independent reference data sets in both campaigns. The TLS- and UAV-derived DEM heights at these positions were validated against the DGPS-derived heights. The accuracy of the TLS-derived values is supported by low mean differences between TLS and DGPS measurements while the UAV-derived models show a weaker performance. In the future years additional simultaneous measurements with both approaches under more similar vegetation conditions are necessary to detect surface movements. Moreover, by investigating the subsurface the interaction of above and below ground processes might be detected.
THE FEASIBILITY OF 3D POINT CLOUD GENERATION FROM SMARTPHONES
Authors: Alsubaie N. , El-Sheimy N.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. This paper proposes a new technique for increasing the accuracy of direct geo-referenced image-based 3D point cloud generated from low-cost sensors in smartphones. The smartphone’s motion sensors are used to directly acquire the Exterior Orientation Parameters (EOPs) of the captured images. These EOPs, along with the Interior Orientation Parameters (IOPs) of the camera/ phone, are used to reconstruct the image-based 3D point cloud. However, because smartphone motion sensors suffer from poor GPS accuracy, accumulated drift and high signal noise, inaccurate 3D mapping solutions often result. Therefore, horizontal and vertical linear features, visible in each image, are extracted and used as constraints in the bundle adjustment procedure. These constraints correct the relative position and orientation of the 3D mapping solution. Once the enhanced EOPs are estimated, the semi-global matching algorithm (SGM) is used to generate the image-based dense 3D point cloud. Statistical analysis and assessment are implemented herein, in order to demonstrate the feasibility of 3D point cloud generation from the consumer-grade sensors in smartphones.
EXTERNAL VERIFICATION OF THE BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT IN PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SOFTWARE USING THE DAMPED BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT TOOLBOX
Authors: Börlin Niclas , Grussenmeyer Pierre
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the Matlab-based Damped Bundle Adjustment Toolbox (DBAT) can be used to provide independent verification of the BA computation of two popular software—PhotoModeler (PM) and PhotoScan (PS). For frame camera data sets with lens distortion, DBAT is able to reprocess and replicate subsets of PM results with high accuracy. For lens-distortion-free data sets, DBAT can furthermore provide comparative results between PM and PS. Data sets for the discussed projects are available from the authors. The use of an external verification tool such as DBAT will enable users to get an independent verification of the computations of their software. In addition, DBAT can provide computation of quality parameters such as estimated standard deviations, correlation between parameters, etc., something that should be part of best practice for any photogrammetric software. Finally, as the code is free and open-source, users can add computations of their own.
The rise of speculative devices: Hooking up with the bots of Ashley Madison
Authors: Light Ben
Published: June 2016

I attend to two areas of increasing significance in relation to Web 2.0 since its announcement in 2005. The first is a focus on the non-human in digital media research, and the second is the normalisation of dating apps in society. Building upon ideas from speculative design and speculative method, I introduce the idea of speculative devices, those things that are set in place based on a conjecture of an outcome. Drawing upon a case study of Ashley Madison, generated using a walkthrough method and analysis of media coverage, I demonstrate how the speculative devices of bots and profiles can operate, and why. I argue we need to give careful thought to how our research and practice is understood, and conducted where speculative devices are concerned.
Rethinking social change: The promises of Web 2.0 for the marginalized
Authors: Nemer David
Published: June 2016

This paper focuses on the uses of Web 2.0 platforms by residents of favelas, urban slums in Brazil, in order to expand our understanding of what Web 2.0 can and cannot do in terms of social change. To explore this problem space, I draw on a 10-month ethnography in the favelas of Vitória, Brazil to study slum residents’ Web 2.0 practices and engagements. I show how Web 2.0 afforded favela residents the ability to protest and cross social boundaries, but when that happened they faced something much stronger: social exclusion, police brutality against the blacks and poor, and limited civic engagement.
DIY videos on YouTube: Identity and possibility in the age of algorithms
Authors: Wolf Christine T.
Published: June 2016

This paper analyzes interviews with individuals discussing their experiences of searching for and watching DIY videos on YouTube. By exploring the entanglement of individuals’ search practices and the algorithmic underpinnings of the platform, this paper examines how experiences on Web 2.0 platforms can work to narrow, rather than widen, information worlds. Contributing to ongoing conversations in critical algorithm studies, this paper illustrates how even mundane practices like watching home repair videos on YouTube can play a role in identity-making and the shaping of modern subjectivities.
Web 2.0 user knowledge and the limits of individual and collective power
Authors: Proferes Nicholas
Published: June 2016

This paper revisits and builds upon a prominent theme in First Monday’s 2008 “Critical perspectives on Web 2.0” special issue: exploration and critique of the claim that Web 2.0 “... provides novel opportunities for the articulation of individual and collective social power by enhancing participation in media production and cultural expression” (Zimmer, 2008). This article refreshes the critique by examining how impediments to users’ technical knowledge about how Web 2.0 platforms function affect user power.After reviewing how the scholarly literature on Web 2.0 accounts for the user knowledge/user power connection, this paper suggests Braman’s (2006) concept of “informational power” as a useful heuristic for exploring how access to information about how Web 2.0 platforms function operates as a “genetic” facet of user power. Then, using Braman’s framework, the article reviews two cases of struggle over informational power in regards to the Twitter platform: controversy over the Library of Congress Twitter archive and Occupy Wall Street protesters inaccurately accusing Twitter of censorship because of a misunderstanding about “Trending Topics.” Through the application of Braman’s framework to these cases, it becomes clear how users’ prospects for developing technical knowledge about the platforms shape the limits and horizons of individual and collective power.
Share wars: Sharing, theft, and the everyday production of Web 2.0 on DeviantArt
Authors: Perkel Dan
Published: June 2016

The development of Web 2.0 led to celebratory accounts about its potential to unleash human creativity. A consensus emerged that described Web 2.0 creative production as universal, democratic, communal, non-commercial, and thoroughly revolutionary. This consensus viewed young, web-savvy media makers as Web 2.0 creativity’s avant-garde: a new generation of producers, born digital, who had upended Romantic notions of creativity, authorship, ownership and related cultural practices. In this paper I draw from a multi-year ethnographic study of young creators’ use of the web from 2007 through 2010 and examine the practice and rhetoric of theft and sharing on DeviantArt, a self-described social network and community of artists. I argue that rather than overturning traditional notions of creativity, participating in DeviantArt helped young creators reaffirm traditional notions of creativity tied to the moral rights of authors to control the distribution of their work. I also demonstrate how these young media makers in turn shaped Web 2.0 ideology and technologies in practice. Seemingly well-established features for “sharing” content were actually uneasy compromises that supported multiple interpretations rather than epitomize the new era of creativity promised by the creativity consensus. These compromises reproduced Web 2.0 in everyday practice.
On symmetric biadditive mappings of semiprime rings
Authors: Ali Asma , Hamdin Khalid Ali , Khan Shahoor
Published: June 2016

Let R be a ring with centre Z(R). A mapping D(., .) : R× R −→ R issaid to be symmetric if D(x, y) = D(y, x) for all x, y ∈ R. A mapping f : R −→ Rdefined by f(x) = D(x, x) for all x ∈ R, is called trace of D. It is obvious thatin the case D(., .) : R × R −→ R is a symmetric mapping, which is also biadditive(i.e. additive in both arguments), the trace f of D satisfies the relation f(x + y) =f(x) + f(y) + 2D(x, y), for all x, y ∈ R. In this paper we prove that a nonzero left idealL of a 2-torsion free semiprime ring R is central if it satisfies any one of the followingproperties: (i) f(xy) ∓ [x, y] ∈ Z(R), (ii) f(xy) ∓ [y, x] ∈ Z(R), (iii) f(xy) ∓ xy ∈Z(R), (iv) f(xy)∓yx ∈ Z(R), (v) f([x, y])∓[x, y] ∈ Z(R), (vi) f([x, y])∓[y, x] ∈ Z(R),(vii) f([x, y])∓xy ∈ Z(R), (viii) f([x, y])∓yx ∈ Z(R), (ix) f(xy)∓f(x)∓[x, y] ∈ Z(R),(x) f(xy)∓f(y)∓[x, y] ∈ Z(R), (xi) f([x, y])∓f(x)∓[x, y] ∈ Z(R), (xii) f([x, y])∓f(y)∓[x, y] ∈ Z(R), (xiii) f([x, y])∓f(xy)∓[x, y] ∈ Z(R), (xiv) f([x, y])∓f(xy)∓[y, x] ∈ Z(R),(xv) f(x)f(y) ∓ [x, y] ∈ Z(R), (xvi) f(x)f(y) ∓ [y, x] ∈ Z(R), (xvii) f(x)f(y) ∓ xy ∈Z(R), (xviii) f(x)f(y) ∓ yx ∈ Z(R), (xix) f(x) ◦ f(y) ∓ [x, y] ∈ Z(R), (xx) f(x) ◦f(y) ∓ xy ∈ Z(R), (xxi) f(x) ◦ f(y) ∓ yx ∈ Z(R), (xxii) f(x)f(y) ∓ x ◦ y ∈ Z(R),(xxiii) [x, y] − f(xy) + f(yx) ∈ Z(R), for all x, y ∈ R, where f stands for the trace of asymmetric biadditive mapping D(., .) : R × R −→ R.
A collocation method for solving the fractional calculus of variation problems
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad Reza , Nasiri Mitra
Published: June 2016

In this paper we use a family of Muntz polynomials and a computational technique based on the collocation method to solve the calculus variation problem. This approach is utilizedto reduce the solution of linear and nonlinear fractional order dierential equations to the solution of a system of algebraic equations. Thus we can obtain a good approximation evenby using a smaller of collocation points.
Renormalized solutions for nonlinear parabolic problems with L1−data in orlicz-sobolev spaces
Authors: El hadfi Youssef , Benkirane Abdelmoujib , El moumni Mostafa
Published: June 2016

In this work, we prove an existence result of renormalized solutions in Orlicz-Sobolev spaces for a class of nonlinear parabolic equations with two lower order terms and L1-data.
On arithmetic continuity
Authors: Hazarika Bipan
Published: June 2016

In this article we introduced the concept of arithmetic continuity and arithmetic compactness and prove some intresting results related to these notions.
Solution of optimal control problems with Payoff term and fixed state endpoint by using Bezier polynomials
Authors: Yari Ayatollah , Mirnia Mirkamal , Lakestani Mehrdad , Heydari Aghileh
Published: June 2016

In this paper, a new numerical method for solving the optimal control problems with payoff term or fixed state endpiont by quadratic performanceindex is presented. The method is based on Bezier polynomial. The properties of Bezier polynomials in any intervel as [a; b] are presented. The operational matrices of integration and derivative are utilized to reduce the solution of the optimal control problems to a nonlinear programming one to which existing well-developed algorithms may be applied. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique.
Numerical study of the Benjamin-Bona-Mahony-Burgers equation
Authors: Zarebnia M.
Published: June 2016

In this paper, the quadratic B-spline collocation methodis implemented to find numerical solution of theBenjamin-Bona-Mahony-Burgers (BBMB) equation. Applying theVon-Neumann stability analysis technique, we show that the method is unconditionally stable. Also the convergence of the method is proved. The method is applied on some testexamples, and numerical results have been compared with theexact solution. The numerical solutions show theefficiency of the method computationally.
Some results on soft bitopology
Authors: Acharjee Santanu , Tripathy Binod Chandra
Published: June 2016

In this paper we study some properties under soft bitopology. We have studied properties introducing nowhere dense, boundary of a soft set, boundary with respect to a point, first category etc from the point of view of soft bitopological space. In this paper we contribute some results in “soft bitopology” which was initially introduced byS¸enel and C¸ aˇgman in the year 2014.
Pre-g-bi-irresolute and pre-g-stable in ditopological texture spaces
Authors: Ibrahim Hariwan Zikri
Published: June 2016

We introduce and study new notions of continuity, compactness and stability in ditopological texture spaces based on the notions of pre-g-open and pre-g-closed sets and some of their characterizations are obtained.
Some fixed point results in dislocated probability
Authors: Shams Maryam , Shayanpour Hamid , Ehsanzadeh Fatame
Published: June 2016

In this work,  we shall give some new results about generalized common fixed point theorems for  two mappings $ f :  X\rightarrow X$ and $ T :  X^{k}\rightarrow X$ ,  where $X$ is dislocated probability quasi Menger metric space (briefly   $DP_{q}$M-Space) or dislocated probability Menger metric space (briefly, $DPM$-Space).  Our result extends and generalizes many well known results.
Some characterizations of osculating curves in the lightlike cone
Authors: Kulahci Mihriban , Almaz Fatma
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we give the first kind and second kind osculating curves in the lightlike cone. In addition we characterize osculating curves in terms of their curvature functions.
Generalized locally-$\tau_g\star$-closed sets
Authors: Bhavani K.
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we define and study a new class of generally locally closed sets called $\I$-locally-$\tau_g^\star$-closed sets in ideal topological spaces. We also discuss various characterizations of $\I$-locally-$\tau_g^\star$-closed sets in terms of $g$-closed sets and $\I_g$-closed sets.
On Zweier generalized difference ideal convergent sequences in a locally convex space defined by Musielak-Orlicz function
Authors: Hazarika Bipan , Tamanag Karan
Published: June 2016

Let $\mathbf{M}=(M_k)$ be a Musielak-Orlicz function. In this article, we introduce a new class of ideal convergent sequence spaces defined by Musielak-Orlicz function, using an infinite matrix, and a generalized difference matrix operator $B_{(i)}^{p}$ in locally convex spaces. We investigate some linear topological structures and algebraic properties of these spaces. We obtainsome relations related to these sequence spaces.
Pathway fractional integral operators of generalized k-wright function and k4-function
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Saxena Ram Kishore , Daiya Jitendra
Published: June 2016

In the present work we introduce a composition formula of the pathway fractional integration operator with finite product of generalized K-Wright function and K4-function. The obtained results are in terms of generalized Wright function.Certain special cases of the main results given here are also considered to correspond with some known and new (presumably) pathway fractional integral formulas.
Do Oral and Literacy Skills in Native Ghanaian Akan Language Modulate English Reading Comprehension as Second Language? A Study in Selected Basic Schools in Ghana
Authors: Ntim Stephen
Published: June 2016

This study investigated oral and literacy skills in native Ghanaian Akan language in mediating English reading comprehension of bilingual basic school students. Levene’s test for homogeneity of variance between groups on questions directly found in text showed variances were significantly different [F=49.070, p=0.00]. Bonferroni Post-hoc test comparing groups on questions requiring making multiple sentence meanings to be able to answer, data indicated a significant difference between mean scores of students who speak both English and Akan and students who speak English Only in favour of students who speak both English and Akan. Also, students who speak Akan Only performed significantly better than students who speak English Only with.no significant difference between mean scores of students who speak Akan Only and students who speak both English and Akan. This suggests the impact of native language in second language reading comprehension is enormous. When bilinguals are reading second language (and in this study English) they are likely to make use of previous knowledge, strategies and processes from the first language through cognitive/psycholinguistic factors as orthographic processing, phonological code and meaning activation among others and by so doing limiting the effect of cognitive load in the target language.
The ethics of wild animal suffering
Authors: Moen Ole Martin
Published: June 2016

Animal ethics has received a lot of attention over the last four decades. Its focus, however, has almost exclusively been on the welfare of captive animals, ignoring the vast majority of animals: those living in the wild. I suggest that this one-sided focus is unwarranted. On the empirical side, I argue that wild animals overwhelmingly outnumber captive animals, and that billions of wild animals are likely to have lives that are even more painful and distressing than those of their captive counterparts. On the normative side, I argue that as long as we have duties of assistance towards humans suffering from natural causes, and we reject anthropocentrism, we also have duties of assistance towards animals suffering in the wild.Article first published online: 22 MARCH 2016
Law and algorithms in the public domain
Authors: Schartum Dag Wiese
Published: June 2016

This article explains and discusses the relationship between traditional legislative processes and the development of automated government decision-making systems. The juridical aspects of systems development should be regarded as invisible quasi-legislation. The author investigates and discusses possible ways of changing the legislative process with a view to increasing and improving political involvement in processes today often regarded as mere implementation, and thereby safeguard that important parts of the law of our computerised society is situated in the public domain.
The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study 1995-97 (HUNT 2)
Authors: Holmen m.fl Jostein
Published: June 2016

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The Finnmark Intervention Study: Does community intervention work?
Authors: Lupton m.fl. Beate
Published: June 2016

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CONOR (COhort NORway) - en oversikt over en unik forskningsdatabank
Authors: Engeland Anders , Søgaard Anne J.
Published: June 2016

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CONOR - COhort NORway: historie, formål og potensiale
Authors: Magnus m.fl. Per
Published: June 2016

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Da hjerteinfarkt ble en multifaktoriell sykdom
Authors: Westlund Knut , Lund-Larsen Per G.
Published: June 2016

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Brystsmerter ved anstrengelse: Bakgrunnen for spørsmålene om brystsmerter i norske helseunder-søkelser og kjennetegn ved dem som faller positivt ut for mulig angina pectoris
Authors: Graff-Iversen m.fl. Sidsel
Published: June 2016

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Vi trenger longitudinelle epidemiologiske undersøkelser av psykiske lidelser og utviklingsforstyrrelser hos barn
Authors: Gjærum Bente , Nøvik Torunn S.
Published: June 2016

sAMMENDRAGArtikkelen gjennomgår nyere forekomststudier for utviklings- og atferdsforstyrrelser, nevrologiske og psykiskelidelser hos barn og ungdom. Forfatterne peker på den betydelige komorbiditet som sees for disse grupperav tilstander, og den tverrfaglige bredde som synes nødvendig for å forstå hvilke faktorer og mekanismer sompåvirker barns utvikling og psykiske helse. I tillegg refereres nyere forskning på forløp og varighet vedavvikende utvikling i oppveksten, samt eksempler på undersøkelser av beskyttelsesfaktorer såvel som genetiskefaktorer av betydning for å forstå de typer tilstander som her er fokusert. Til slutt nevnes de muligheteneulike typer prospektiv, epidemiologisk forskning i et utviklingsperspektiv vil gi til en bedret forståelse avårsaks- og utviklingsforhold, samt forløp og prognose for disse tilstandene. Slik kunnskap antas å ville gibedre muligheter til samfunnsmessig planlegging av forebyggende arbeid og individuell behandling.Gjærum B, Nøvik TS. There is a need for longitudinal studies of psychiatric and developmentaldisorders in children.   ENGLISH SUMMARYThis article reviews recent prevalence studies of developmental and behavioural disorders, and neurologicaland psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. The authors highlight the degree of comorbidity amongthese conditions and emphasize the complexity of models that should be used in order to understand howdifferent factors and mechanisms affect children's development and mental health. Further, studies of courseand duration of deviant development in childhood, studies of protective factors and contributions frombehavioural genetic studies to the understanding of these conditions, are addressed. Finally, the authorsdiscuss the possibility of using prospective, epidemiological studies in a developmental perspective in order tounderstand etiological and developmental factors, course and prognosis. Such knowledge would lay thefoundations for planning preventive interventions and individual treatment.
Homocystein og livsstil. Resultater fra Homocysteinundersøkelsen i Hordaland 1992-1993
Authors: Nygård Ottar , Refsum Helga , Ueland Per Magne , Tverdal Aage , Vollset Stein Emil
Published: June 2016

SAMMENDRAGTotal homocystein (tHcy) er etablert som risikofaktor for hjerte- og karsykdom. Vi har studert determinanterav plasma tHcy i et utvalg av den voksne norske befolkning basert på undersøkelse utført av Statenshelseundersøkelser i samarbeid med Universitetet i Bergen i 1992-1993. Data ble innhentet ved kliniskundersøkelse, utfylling av tre spørreskjema og ved blodtester. I alt 18 043 personer i alderen 40-67 år møttetil undersøkelse og fikk målt plasma tHcy. Plasma folat, plasma kobalamin og 677C →T mutasjonen i genetfor metylentetrahydrofolatreduktase (MTHFR) er bestemt i et underutvalg på 329 personer og på personermed svært høye tHcy verdier ( ≥ 40 μmol/L). Resultatene fra Homocysteinundersøkelsen i Hordaland harvist at kjønn, alder, folatinntak, røykevaner og kaffeforbruk er de sterkeste determinanter for plasma tHcynivå, mens kobalamininntak, fysisk aktivitet, blodtrykk og kolesterolnivå er mindre sterke determinanter.Bruk av multivitaminer eller B-vitaminer er forbundet med spesielt lave tHcy nivåer. Personer med tHcy ≥40 μmol/L er karakterisert ved høy forekomst (73%) av homozygositet for 677C →T mutasjonen i MTHFRgenet og lavt folatnivå. Vi konkluderer derfor med at livsstil og etablerte risikofaktorer for hjerte- ogkarsykdom er vesentlige for nivået av plasma tHcy i den generelle voksne norske befolkning.Nygård O, Refsum H, Ueland PM, Tverdal A, Vollset SE. Homocysteine and lifestyle. The HordalandHomocysteine Study. Nor J Epidemiol 1997; 7 (2): 221-224.ENGLISH SUMMARYTotal homocysteine (tHcy) concentration is an established cardiovascular risk factor. We have studieddeterminants of plasma tHcy among 18 043 subjects aged 40-67 years from Hordaland county in WesternNorway who participated in a health screening programme in 1992-1993. Gender, age, folate intake,smoking habits and coffee consumption are the strongest determinants of plasma tHcy level, whereascobalamin intake, physical activity, blood pressure and total cholesterol level are weaker determinants. Useof multivitamins or B-vitamin supplements are associated with particularly low tHcy levels. In patients withseverely elevated tHcy ( ≥ 40 μmol/L, n=67), the combination of homozygosity for the 677C→T mutation inthe methylenetetrahydrofolate gene and low plasma folate levels is a dominant finding whereas a minorproportion has overt cobalamin deficiency. We conclude that lifestyle and established cardiovascular riskfactors are important determinants of the plasma tHcy level in an adult Norwegian population.
22 år med hjerte- og karundersøkelser i norske fylker. Bør vi være tilfreds med den utviklingen risikofaktorene har hatt?
Authors: Wøien Gunhild , Øyen Odd , Graff-Iversen Sidsel
Published: June 2016

SAMMENDRAGPå grunnlag av resultater fra Statens helseundersøkelsers hjerte- og karundersøkelser kan vi beskrive utviklingenfor risikofaktorer hos 40-42-åringer i 18 fylker 1974-96. I tre fylker som hadde de første undersøkelsene i1974-76 sank nivået for totalkolesterol med 0,4-0,9 mmol/l til 1993-96. I to av disse tre fylkene inntraff enmidlertidig stigning med 0,1-0,3 mmol/l fra 1980-81 til 1985-86. Systolisk og diastolisk blodtrykk har endretseg lite. Det har vært en reduksjon i andel dagligrøykere blant menn på 10-12 prosentpoeng i perioden 1974-76 til 1993-96, mens kvinner har hatt en økning på 2-5 prosentpoeng. Vekt og kroppsmasseindeks hos mennhar økt i alle fylkene. Hos kvinner var det en nedgang i tiden fra 1970-årene til midten av 1980-årene, mensenere en økning i alle de 18 fylkene. Er dette en utvikling vi bør være tilfreds med? Til sammenligning vardet i Finland fra 1972 til 1992 en noe større reduksjon av kolesterol, betydelige reduksjoner i blodtrykksnivåog større reduksjon i andel røykere blant menn. Vi har noe å lære av forebyggende arbeid i Finland, spesieltnår det gjelder hypertensjon og røyking.Wøien G, Øyen O, Graff-Iversen S. 22 years of cardiovascular surveys in Norwegian counties. Is thedevelopment in risk factors satisfactory? Nor J Epidemiol 1997; 7 (2): 255-266.  ENGLISH SUMMARYBased on data from the cardiovascular screening programme performed by the National Health ScreeningService, we can describe the trends in risk factors for men and women age 40-42 in 18 counties during theperiod 1974-96. The total cholesterol level in three counties decreased by 0.4-0.9 mmol/l from 1974-76 to1993-96. Two of the counties that were screened had an increase of 0.1-0.3 mmol/l from 1980-81 to 1985-86,and then levelled out in 1990. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure show small reductions only. There has alsobeen a reduction in percentage male daily smokers of 10-12 percentage points during the period 1974-76 to1993-96. The females have had an increase of 2-5 percentage points. Weight and body mass index increased inmen during the period of examinations. In women, the mean body mass index decreased from the 1970s untilthe middle of the 1980s, but during the last 10 years there has been increasing mean values in all the 18counties. In comparison, Finland had a larger reduction in cholesterol from 1972 to 1992 than Norway, aconsiderable reduction in blood pressure and a higher reduction in smoking among men. We might have somethingto learn from the Finnish preventive strategies, especially when it comes to hypertension and smoking.
The Unexamined Life and Surface Pleasures
Authors: Stuhr John J.
Published: June 2016

In this article, I begin by examining critically the Socratic claim that the unexamined life is not worth living. I identify three clusters of problems with this claim. I then consider the consequences of these problems by contemplating a different view of the relation of self-knowledge to the good life. For purposes of illustration, I draw on the film version of the well-known novel Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil. In particular, I consider the significance and the limits of a central idea in this film—the notion of an overpaint (literally a painting that has been painted over) and the claim that not knowing what is beneath the overpaint can be enjoyable. I develop this idea with reference to the philosophies of William James and Gilles Deleuze and conclude by describing the ways in which this view reorients the practice of philosophy from wisdom (sophia) to practical intelligence (freeness).
Rapping Honestly: NaS, Nietzsche, and the Moral Prejudices of Truth
Authors: Mubirumusoke Mukasa
Published: June 2016

This article explores a modern manifestation of the will to truth, the artistry of rap music, and their controversial convergence in America. All too often rap lyrics are interpreted as the celebration and even permissible testimony of the presumed criminal lifestyles of black people in America. In particular, the aggressive lyrics expressed in the subgenre “gangsta rap” have been used as confirmation for a singular truth narrative perpetuated by the media that blacks are inherently criminal and violent. However, Friedrich Nietzsche offers a thorough critique of the singular self-sustaining conception of truth and in its place suggests a healthier, more accurate, conception of honesty that embraces the fluctuating and interactive nature of identity, narrative, and life. Using Nietzsche's critique of truth, I argue that traditional interpretations of gangsta rap are buttressed by a singular narrative of truth that aims to perpetuate antiblack racial sentiments and consequently they overlook the nuanced critique of these sentiments that is achieved through alternative narration. Focusing on the rap artist NaS, I argue that the lyrical prowess he displays in his songs ultimately troubles the singular truth narrative in a way that expresses the type of honesty that Nietzsche champions.
Retos en la escritura de artículos científicos de estudiantes de posgrado de la UNAH
Authors: Vásquez Nitzia Janine
Published: June 2016

Revista Portal de la Ciencia, No. 9, diciembre 2015, pp.3-11
Inteligencia versus asistencia a clases: su incidencia en el rendimiento académico
Authors: Cabrera Sandoval Rogers Eduardo , Moncada Ramos Johanna Merari
Published: June 2016

El objetivo principal del estudio era analizar las relaciones existentes entre la inteligencia general y la asistencia a clases como predictores del rendimiento académico, en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de distintas carreras. Los participantes fueron 56 alumnos matriculados en la clase de Psicología General, con un rango de edad de entre 18 y 35 años, de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, durante el tercer periodo académico de 2014.El estudio tiene un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño transeccional correlacional. Para evaluar la capacidad intelectual (CI) se utilizó el test no verbal de la Universidad de Purdue; la asistencia a clases se determinó a partir de la presencia en el salón de clases y para definir el rendimiento académico se consideró como indicador principal el promedio de las notas correspondientes al primer y segundo parcial.Los resultados revelan que no existe relación entre la inteligencia y el rendimiento académico (r = -0.08, Sig. = 0.553), mientras que la asistencia a clases sí se relaciona con este (r = 0.486, Sig. = 0.000); por tanto, el análisis de correlación pone de manifiesto que la asistencia regular a clases está mucho más vinculada al éxito académico. Estos resultados incentivan el estudio de otras variables que pueden estar relacionadas con el rendimiento académico, de modo que otras investigaciones pueden abrir las puertas al mejoramiento del rendimiento académico estudiantil.Revista Portal de la Ciencia, No. 9, diciembre 2015, pp.55-64 55
Health promotion for young patients with haemophilia
Authors: Stanek Frank-Detlef , Gabriel Holger , Kentouche Karim , Sondermann Judith , Herbsleb Marco
Published: June 2016

The haemophilia treatment centre of the Clinic for Children and Youth Medicine in Jena extends medical care by health-promotion measures, namely: health counselling, adjuvant exercise therapy and school sports. In addition to the regular medical checks at the treatment centre patients are examined regarding physical fitness, joint situation, quality of life in general and disease-specific manner, as well as psycho-social and nutritional behaviour. Findings and medical results of the examinations are integrated into an individual advice on therapy, school sports, and health recommendations. This aimed at strengthening health-related resources and minimizing potential injuries. First long-term evaluation shows an increase of activity behaviour and physical fitness without increasing bleeding rate and maintained joint function. Conclusion: Combining functional prevention diagnostics and individual health counselling shows signs of improved patient’s health knowledge, self-competence and physical fitness.
Indonesian EFL Teachers Professional Knowledge Development during Their Participation in TSG: A Case Study
Authors: Munifatullah Feni , Musthafa Bachrudin , Sundayana Wachyu
Published: June 2016

The study examines three new EFL teachers professional knowledge development through discussion in a Teacher Study Group (TSG) in Indonesian (Asian) context. These three participants have less than five year-teaching experience and teach junior high schools in Bandarlampung in the time of the study. The data were collected through audio-visual recorded observation of TSG sessions teaching practice. They were converted into written trasncription. The analysis signifies that group discussion recalls participants’ case knowledge from distant experience while group reflection explores participants’ practical knowledge from their own immediate practice. Some of the knowledge is still fragmented and some has been integrated into pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). Both TSG group theme-based discussion and collaborative reflection manage to explore participants’ professional knowledge.
Building a Model of Support for Preschool Children with Speech and Language Disorders
Authors: Robertson Natalie , Ohi Sarah
Published: June 2016

Speech and language disorders impede young children’s abilities to communicate and are often associated with a number of behavioural problems arising in the preschool classroom. This paper reports a small-scale study that investigated 23 Australian educators’ and 7 Speech Pathologists’ experiences in working with three to five year old children with speech and language disorders. The participants responded to a questionnaire relating to the types of SaLD; social and emotional challenges experienced by children; their role in providing support and issues confronting both professions. The findings highlighted that educators play a valuable role in supporting children’s speech and language disorders through the social context of the preschool classroom. Furthermore inter-professional practice between Speech Pathologists and educators was viewed as highly valuable. Drawing upon these findings, a model of support is presented to improve interventions for holistic development.
E-Learning: Students Input for Using Mobile Devices in Science Instructional Settings
Authors: Yilmaz Ozkan
Published: June 2016

A variety of e-learning theories, models, and strategy have been developed to support educational settings. There are many factors for designing good instructional settings. This study set out to determine functionality of mobile devices, students who already have, and the student needs and views in relation to e-learning settings. The study participants are undergraduate students who are enrolled department of science education in faculty of education and electrical and electronics engineering department in faculty of engineering. Prepared questionnaire form is used to collect data. This form consists of three parts. First part of questionnaire related to mobile devices, second part related to user preferences and third part contains open ended question to get students ideas about usage of self-phones in science educational settings. Countable data are analyzed with descriptive techniques. And content analysis technique is used for written data. Findings show that mobile phones should be selected as required equipment for usage of mobile devices in e-learning setting. Other important findings that students suggest that mobile phone can be used face to face educational setting in classroom and outside of classroom without and face to face interaction to teacher or students.
Comparative Study of Univariate Spectrophotometry and Multivariate Calibration for the Determination of Levamisole Hydrochloride and Closantel Sodium in a Binary Mixture
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Omar , Hussien Emad M , El Kosasy Amira M , Ahmed Neven
Published: June 2016

Six simple, accurate, reproducible, and selective derivative spectrophotometric and chemometric methods have been developed and validated for the determination of levamisole HCl (Lev) either alone or in combination with closantel sodium (Clo) in the pharmaceutical dosage form. Lev was determined by first-derivative, first-derivative ratio, and mean-centering methods by measuring the peak amplitude at 220.8, 243.8, and 210.4 nm, respectively. The methods were linear over the concentration range 2.0–10.0 μg/mL Lev. The methods exhibited a high accuracy, with recovery data within ±1.9% and RSD <1.3% (n = 9) for the determination of Lev in the presence of Clo. Fortunately, Lev showed no significant UV absorbance at 370.6 nm, which allowed the determination of Clo over the concentration range 16.0–80.0 μg/mL using zero-order spectra, with a high precision (RSD <1.5%, n = 9). Furthermore, principal component regression and partial least-squares with optimized parameters were used for the determination of Lev in the presence of Clo. The recovery was within ±1%, with RSD <1.0% (n = 9) and root mean square error of prediction ≤1.0. The proposed methods were validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The proposed methods were used in the determination of Lev and Clo in a binary mixture and a pharmaceutical formulation, with high accuracy and precision.
Determination of Phosphorus and Potassium in Commercial Inorganic Fertilizers by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometry: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2015.18
Authors: Thiex Nancy J
Published: June 2016

A previously validated method for the determination of both citrate–EDTA-soluble P and K and acid-soluble P and K in commercial inorganic fertilizers by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry was submitted to the expert review panel (ERP) for fertilizers for consideration of First Action Official MethodSM status. The ERP evaluated the single-laboratory validation results and recommended the method for First Action Official Method status and provided recommendations for achieving Final Action. Validation materials ranging from 4.4 to 52.4% P2O5 (1.7–22.7% P) and 3–62% K2O (2.5–51.1% K) were used for the validation. Recoveries from validation materials for citrate-soluble P and K ranged from 99.3 to 124.9% P and from 98.4 to 100.7% K. Recoveries from validation materials for acid-soluble “total” P and K ranged from 95.53 to 99.40% P and from 98.36 to 107.28% K. Values of r for citrate-soluble P and K, expressed as RSD, ranged from 0.28 to 1.30% for P and from 0.41 to 1.52% for K. Values of r for total P and K, expressed as RSD, ranged from 0.71 to 1.13% for P and from 0.39 to 1.18% for K. Based on the validation data, the ERP recommended the method (with alternatives for the citrate-soluble and the acid-soluble extractions) for First Action Official Method status and provided recommendations for achieving Final Action status.
Characterization of Polymorphic Forms of Rifaximin
Authors: Kogawa Ana Carolina , Antonio Selma Gutierrez , Salgado Hérida Regina Nunes
Published: June 2016

Rifaximin is a gut-selective oral antimicrobial that has no systemic adverse effects compared with placebo. It is used for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy, traveler's diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, Clostridium difficile infection, ulcerative colitis, and acute diarrhea. The crystalline form present in rifaximin, α, has minimal systemic absorption compared to the amorphous form. The objective of this study was to obtain polymorphic forms of rifaximin using recrystallization processes. The forms were characterized and studied by thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and solubility testing. Six polymorphic forms of rifaximin, designated I–VI, were obtained by the crystallization process by evaporation of the solvent. Some polymorphic forms obtained in this work may not have the same excellent tolerability as the reference medicine; therefore, studies such as these are extremely important and point to the need for greater requirements by the regulatory agencies overseeing polymorph analysis of the raw materials used in the manufacture of medicines marketed globally. These analyses are not required in the majority of official compendia. Partnerships among industries, research centers, and universities would be a viable way to consolidate research in this area and contribute to improving the quality of solid drugs.
A New Chelating Reagent: Its Synthesis/Characterization and Application for the Determination of Cd(II) and Ni(II) in Various Food and Make-Up Product Samples by FAAS Using Simultaneous Microextraction Sampling
Authors: Saçmacı Şerife , Saçmacı Mustafa
Published: June 2016

A new and simple dispersive liquid–liquid simultaneous microextraction procedure was developed for the rapid separation and simultaneous extraction/preconcentration of Cd(II) and Ni(II) at ultratrace amounts. Microextraction of the analytes was carried out in the presence of 2-methyl-5-[(Z)-pyridin-4-yldiazenyl]quinolin-8-ol as the chelating reagent. Chloroform and ethanol were used as the extraction and dispersive solvents. Various parameters that influence the microextraction procedure's efficiency—such as pH, centrifugation rate and time, reagent concentration, and sampling volume on the recovery of analytes—were examined. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.01–1.25 and 0.075–5 mg/L with LODs of 0.25 and 0.84 μg/L, and with a preconcentration factor of 94, for Cd(II) and Ni(II), respectively. Precision was >1.0%. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by analyzing the Certified Standard Reference Material (CWW-TMD: Certified wastewater-Trace metals, wastewater). The results show that the dispersive liquid–liquid simultaneous microextraction pretreatment is a sensitive, rapid, simple, green, and safe method for the separation/preconcentration of cadmium and nickel.