bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies for Mebeverine hydrochloride Adsorption from Aqueous Solution using prepared chitosan polymer in delivery drug system
Authors: Jabbar Almukhtar Jubran G. , Karam Faiq F.
Published: November 2020

In different applications, pharmaceutical products are widely distributed and frequently released into the environment. The adsorption of Mebeverine hydrochloride (MB.HCl) on chitosan polymer was studied under certain conditions. The Adsorption Isotherms can be well defined using the Freundlich and Temkin equations. The pH of the solution significantly influences the adsorption potential of chitosan, the adsorption of chitosan increased from the initial pH of 1.1 and then decreased over the (2-10) pH range. Adsorption is sensitive to the change in ion strength, indicating that electrostatic attraction is an important mechanism for the sorption process. Adsorption of chitosan to MB.HCl is defined as endothermic adsorption by enthalpy change (ΔH). The value of the (ΔG) is negative at all the temperatures studied, which suggests the spontaneous trend to adsorb MB.HCl to chitosan. The value of (ΔG) decreased when the temperature rose from 5°C to 25°C, indicating higher adsorption of MB.HCl at an increased temperature. The positive value of (ΔS) represents chitosan’s attraction to drugs as well as that randomness on its solid-solution interface.
Spectroscopic Study of PVA-Glycerin-TPAH matrix with Nitroaromatic compounds: F-MOST a New Meisenheimer complex Effective Kit
Authors: Hammud Kafa Khalaf , Mohssin Akosh Nibras Abdul , Hamza Faehaa Mseer , Ammen Eman Wageh , Zanad Duraid Essa , Aboob Ruaa Mohammed
Published: November 2020

The reaction between four tested nitroaromatic compounds with tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide (TPAH) was used to produce Meisenheimer complex colour. This result was used to prepare a new fast, selective, and sensitive kit (F-MOST) composed of polyvinyl alcohol and glycerin beside the active agent (TPAH) with gel – like appearance. The gel-like appearance of F-MOST kit gave an advantage through excellent efficiency continued more than six months.
ZnO Based Material as Photocatalyst for Treating the Textile Anthraquinone Derivative Dye (Dispersive Blue 26 Dye): Removal and Photocatalytic Treatment
Authors: Hussain Zainab A. , Fakhri Faten H. , Alesary Hasan F. , Ahmed Luma. M.
Published: November 2020

The generation and accumulation of environmental pollutant of industrial contaminations gave it a big challenge to develop many removal strategies of pollution. Textile dyes as dispersive blue 26 dye affected by several decolorization parameters like as temperature, initial pH and initial concentrations of dye. These variables parameter were studied on ZnO-dye suspension solution in dark and photoreaction conditions. In dark reaction, with using thermodynamic and kinetic parameters such as ΔH°, ΔS°, ΔG° and Ea, the type of adsorption was determined and found as a physical adsorption, exothermic and fast reaction. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the photoreaction process under UV-light-A would elevated the rate of reaction, percentage of decolorization and accelerated the half-time of decolorization reaction in 50 ppm of dye. The photoreaction of decolorization of this dye acts as pseudo first order kinetics with endothermic, less random less, non spontenous and fast reaction.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Azo Compounds Linked to 1,8-Naphthalimide as New Fluorescent Dispersed Dyes for Cotton Fibers
Authors: Al-Khuzaie Mohammed G. A , Al-Majidi Suaad M.H.
Published: November 2020

New Azo compounds containing of 1,8-naphthalimide moiety had been synthesized from 1,8-naphthalic anhydride by reaction with p-phenylenediamine or benzidine to give 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives [1 or 2], which converted into its diazonium salt derivatives that undergo to coupling reaction with different substituted phenol in alkaline media to produce azo compounds derivatives [3-6]. The prepared compounds had been characterized by measuring some of physical properties (melting point), FTIR, 1HNMR and 13CNMR. Also, absorption spectra (UV-Vis spectrophotometry), fluorescence spectra (Fluorescence spectrophotometry) and quantum yield of prepared azo dyes [3 - 6] had been studied in four different solvents of different polarities (EtOH, dioxane, CHCl3 and DMSO). Also, the photo stability of the dyes [3 - 6] was studied by exposing to the ultraviolet light at room temperature for three hours. Thermal stability of dyes (3 & 4) was studied by TGA / DTG. The prepared dyes [3 - 6] were used for the dyeing of raw cotton dyeing at high temperatures and studying their fastness properties such as washing fastness using standard soap (SDS) and rubbing fastness (wet and dry) under controlled conditions of pressure, speed and moisture.
Mutational analysis of the phosphorylation sites of the Leishmania mexicana kinesin homologue LmxKin29
Authors: Gazi Al Kui Suad
Published: November 2020

Kinesins are motor proteins, have been identified in a wide diversity of eukaryotes, from protists to mammals. The kinetoplastids’ genome sequences have also shown the presence of a large number of kinesins. The current study presents characterise a novel L.mexicana kinesin LmxM29.3.050, thought to be associated with flagellum formation. It was found express in both the amastigote and promastigote life stages. In this study we assigned this protein as a kinesin homologue to the unknown or orphan kinesins superfamily (1). The biochemical analysis showed the MAP kinase homologue LmxMPK3 can phosphorylate full length of LmxKin29 at serine 554. Localisation studies using GFP-tagged LmxKin29 revealed that it is predominantly found in between the nucleus and the flagellar pocket, while in dividing cells LmxKin29 was found at the anterior and posterior ends of the cells. Hence, LmxKin29 might play a role in cytokinesis. Double allele deletion was successfully generated. Morphological analysis of promastigotes with LmxKin29 tagged with GFP displayed no obvious phenotypic differences comparing the mutants with wild type cells.
Effects of Mn doping on the characterization of nanostructured TiO2thin films deposited via chemical spray pyrolysis method
Authors: Hadi Esraa H , Abbsa Mustafa A , Khadayeir Abdulhussain A , Abood Ziad M , Habubi Nadir F , Chiad Sami S
Published: November 2020

Nanostructured TiO2:Mn thin films at diverse concentrations of Mn were deposited via chemical spray pyrolysis method (CPM). The XRD patterns hexagonal wurtzite structure with a dominant peak towards (101) plane. The Grain size of the deposited films is about (10.71-12.71) nm with Mn, whereas the strain (%) parameter decrease from 32.34 to 27.26 with Mn. AFM images show the TiO2:Mn effects surface morphology of the film, The grain size was in the area of (91.13), (67.79) and (64.94) nm for the (TiO2, TiO2:2% Mn, TiO2:4% Mn) respectively. Surface roughness of TiO2Thin films are RSM 16.6 to 3.68 nm, The average transmittance of the samples was 75 to 85% in the visible wavelength range from 300 to 900 nm. The bandgap values were 3.35 eV (undoped) to 3.15 eV (4 % Mn).
Synthesis Biological Evaluation and Theoretical Sudies of 2-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-Dihydro-1h-Imidazole Derevatives
Authors: Altameemi Hanaa A. , Kamel Barakat A. F. , Askar Firyal W. , Nief Olfat A.
Published: November 2020

The group of imidazoline derivatives is an important class of compounds that possess broad biological activity. Many derivatives that have been efficiently synthesized form 2-(-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5dihydro-1H-imidazole as starting material to Synthesis of some derivatives. The structures were characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectra. All The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against two kind of bacteria (gram +ve) [ S. aureus, S.epidermi dis] and (gram –ve) [E.coli, Klebsiel lla spp] as well as fungi [C.albica ns] using the micro dilution procedure and compared with amoxicillin activity.
Spectrophotometric and thermodynamic study for Separation and preconcentration of Trace Amounts of Selenium Species After CPE
Authors: Ibrahim Zianab T. , Khammas Zuhair A. A. , Al-adilee Khalid J.
Published: November 2020

A new prepared chelating agent namely, 2-(Benzimidazolyl azo-4-benzyl phenol) (BIABP) is used for the determination of selenium species in water, rice and vegetables samples by a combination of cloud point extraction (CPE) method and spectrophotmetric techniques. The method involved a selective hydrophobic complex formation between selenium (IV) (and selenium (VI) after reduction with HCl under specified conditions) and (BIABP) at pH 5 which can efficiently be extracted in surfactant-rich phase of Triton X-114 and determined sepectrophotometrically at λmax of 534 nm. All significant factors for selenium (IV) complex that impact the separation and determination steps were discussed in detail by one factor-at-a-time (OFAT) optimization. The interferences and thermodynamic studies are also considered. At optimum conditions, the enrichment factor of 58 fold was obtained for Se (IV), leading to detection limits of 2.55 ng Se (IV) mL−1. The linear dynamic range, relative standard deviation (n=7 at 30 ng Se (IV), and the percent recovery were of 5-80 ng mL−1, 1.07% and 97.83±1.40. The described method is sensitive, easy to apply and has a slight interferences thereby the determination of selenium species in water, rice and vegetables samples was performed.
Optimization and Residence Time Distribution Study of Waste Cooking Oil Transesterification in a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
Authors: Jazie Ali A.
Published: November 2020

Waste cooking oil (WCO) transesterification using a catalyst of Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid was investigated using a continuous stirred tank reactor. A techniques of surface response plus the design of centered composite were used for the optimizing the factors effecting on the process. The optimum conditions in this research were concluded as (catalyst amount: 1 wt. %; reaction time: 20 min; methanol/oil flow ratio: 4; reactor temperature: 60°C). The biodiesel obtained at the optimum conditions in the process was obtained at yield of 98.5%. The distribution of residence time was found experimentally and a dead zone of (110 cm3) was estimated in the CSTR using the compartment model. The physic-chemical properties for the biodiesel were found in agreement with the ASTM standard (D-6751-2) and the conventional diesel properties. The specific gravity value of biodiesel (0.87) was greater than that one of the diesel fuel (0.834). The calorific value was slightly lower than that one prescribed in the ASTM D-6751 specifications. The kinematic viscosity proved to be within the accepted limits of the. The flash point was found greater than the value specified in the ASTM and that for mineral diesel, which means safer. Acid value of 0.4 mg KOH/g was found accepted according to the biodiesel standard ASTM D-6751-2. Cetane value was found greater than that for mineral diesel.
The Effect of Adding Titanium Nanoparticle Oxide on the Physical Properties of Nickel by Powder Method
Authors: Humeedi Sufian H. , Shafeek Nihad Ali , Ahmeed Hameed H. , Darweesh Salih Y.
Published: November 2020

The study included nickel powder support by nano titanium oxide and silicon carbide (SiC) using the powder method wherein titanium oxide cementing percentages (5,10,15,20)% were taken while silicon carbide (SiC) was at a constant rate of 5% with The base material which of is nickel. Then, mixing the powders with an electric mixer for a two hours and pressing them with an electric piston at (5ton) for one minute. The resulting samples were sintered by a thermal oven at (1100°C) and using the argon gas to reduce oxidation for a period of only two hours. The structural structure of the models was studied by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), as well as a study of mechanical properties that included hardness, compressive strength and wear. The results of the scanning electron microscope showed the homogeneity of the components of the mixed materials characteristically after the high sintering process, and the results of hardness before sintering were (90-132) Hv, when reinforcing from (0-20) %TiO2 while reaching the value of (110-189) Hv are reinforcing from (0-20) %TiO2 with sintering 1100°C, researchers also find that the compressive strength before sintering is (14-.822) MPa when reinforcing from (0-20) %TiO2, while it reached the value of (17.8-32) MPa when supporting from (0-20) %TiO2 and sintering 1100°C, while the wear rate after sintering was the lowest value which is at (20 TiO2%).
Effect of aqueous, alcoholic and acidic extract of rosemary leaves Rosmarinus officinalis in inhibiting the effect of free radicals manufactured and inhibitory effect in some microorganisms and detection of some active compounds
Authors: Mohammed Janan , Hateem Sarah Mutasher , Abdul Sattar Omar D.
Published: November 2020

The current study was conducted at the College of Science, Diyala University, in the Microbiology Laboratory.. Ecoli Klebsilla and Proteus, psudomanase. The study showed that the type of solvent extracted has an effect in determining the amount of antioxidant effectiveness whether the solvent is hot water, cold water, alcohol or acid. Acid but with a concentration of 5% where they had an effect inhibition of free radicals and the acidic extract added to it 5% hydrochloric acid effect of 72% in the inhibition of free radicals manufactured DPPH. The results showed that the type and concentration of the extract used in the study had an effect on the inhibition of the bacteria. Cold water extract has the highest inhibition of Psudomonas. The results of the qualitative detection of chemical compounds showed that the plant contains a large group of active compounds, including claycosides, tannins, flavonoids, turbines, resins and soaps, which are important therapeutic materials.
Green Chemistry Synthesis of Modified Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: AL-Rubaye Huda Ismail , AL-Rubaye Baidaa k. , Al-Abodi Entisar E. , Yousif Enaam Ismail
Published: November 2020

The important aspect of this unconventional approach is that eco-friendly, commercially available and straight forward method was used to prepared Silver Nanoparticles by using AgNO3 and curcumin solution as agent factor. The (TEM), (XRD), and (FTIR) was used to characterise these silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Two types of bacterial isolates were used to indicate the antibacterial activity silver nanoparticles which prepared by curcumin solution, Gram negative like (Escherichia Coli E. Coli), & Gram positive (Stapha Urous). The results exhibit that silver nanoparticles synthesized by curcumin solution has effective antibacterial activities.
Synthesis, Characterization and Study of some of New Mefenamic Acid Derivatives as cytotoxic Agents
Authors: Mohammed Iman Assim , Kareem Mohanad Mousa
Published: November 2020

A new system drugs derivative was designed from Mefenamic Acid. These derivatives have been synthesized by reaction between mefenamic acid and different amino drugs via amide group. A number of compounds based on this new scaffold were prepared in good yields. These compounds have been purified and followed using TLC to determine purity with Rf value. All synthesized compounds structures were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13CNMR and FTIR techniques. All compounds were evaluated for their anticancer and anti-bacterial activities. Some of the compounds synthesized showed cytotoxic activities in vitro. Most of synthesized compounds induced significant reduction in the cytotoxic response as compared with controls.
Using spent tea residue to elimination of chromium in aqueous liquid
Authors: Majeed Zainab N. , Farhan Safana A. , Dadoosh Rasha M. , Mohammed Hamid H.
Published: November 2020

In this work, spent red and black tea form leaves were assessed for their ability to doff expel chromium ion from aqueous solutions at various values of PH. Classification adsorption experiments indebted at choice temperature and showed cruise the adsorption of Cr ion decrease more the increase of temperature. In successive lyrics, the adsorption fight is exothermic and the enthalpy is fatal, at long last the unconventional ways and the entropy are positive. The matter copied at equal stat was compared with Langmuir, Freundlich models, and the inference efficiencies for Cr ion higher than 99% and can easily be achieved. It was hinge saunter the brilliant hatch is reform than hyacinthine cause in adsorption of chromium ion.
Metal Complexes of acetohydrazide Derivative: Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity Study
Authors: Resen Nawal Daamy , Abed Asia Hameed , Zeyad sefauldeen Albayati , Firyal Weli Askar , Alkhaisy Thoraia M.
Published: November 2020

A novel derivative of 2,3-disubstituted quinazolin4(3H)-ones has been produced as of p-methoxybenzoylchloride and anthranilic acid, this prepared compound was used to produce a stable complexes. The ligand and complexes were isolated from the reaction in the solid form and characterized by FT-IR, UV-Visible, TLC, 1H NMR data and some physical measurements. Magnetic susceptibility data coupled with electronic spectra suggested octahedral structure of the complexes. The ligand and complexes were also employed with various bacterial. The products exhibited that the metal complexes have larger antimicrobial activities than ligand.
In-situ fabrication a thin-film nanocomposite photo-anode electrode for the dye-sensitized solar cell
Authors: Mohammed Kuhdhair M. , Yousif Qahtan A. , Habeeb Hassan A.
Published: November 2020

Here, the performance of dye-sensitized solar consisting of the TiO2 anatase phase of nanoparticles and its nanocomposite (TiO2/G) were successfully fabricated via the electrophoretic method as thin films on the ITO conductive glass. Thin films were characterized by the X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), and Raman spectroscopy. All of these techniques have confirmed the formation of nanocomposite when added the graphene sheets with changing in the properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticle. It can be noticed the peak in (002) which attributes to the graphene in TiO2/G. The new peaks that appeared in FTIR, and the bandgap reduced to be about 2.9 eV. Thus, the introduction of graphene sheets to the thin film of TiO2 photo-anode electrode via the solvo-electrochemical route is an effective method to improve the performance of the ITO/TiO2 thin film DSSC, which increases the short current density and increases the conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell from the 2.14 to 2.53 % after employed the thin-film titanium dioxide modified photo-anode.
Colorimetric Determination of Phenylephrine hydrochloride Drug by Diazotization Reaction
Authors: Alteemi Hajir S. , Kadim Kassim H.
Published: November 2020

By diazotization coupling reaction is one of the most frequently employed technique in pharmaceutical analysis. It involves measuring the amount of ultraviolet or visible radiation absorbed by a substance in solution as a method for estimation drug of Phenylephrine hydrochloride by reliant on azo-coupling reaction between (PHE)HCl and Clonazepam as a reagent. To reach to the aim of obtaining the colored product with a maximum absorbance 466nm. The linearity range for Phenylephrine hydrochloride was (0.5_9μg\ml) while the detections limit 0.006 and quantification limit 0.02μg\ml The Molar Absorptivity 2.5457 ×104L/mol.cm with Sandal’s sensitivity 0.01μg\cm2. Eventually these methods were successfully completed to determination of PHE.HCl in pure and commercial form.
Selenium Nanoparticles And Silymarin To prevent Lead Acetate-Induced Toxicity On Reproductive Performance Of Male Rats
Authors: Hatem Rasha Muzahem , Hussain Eman Mohammed
Published: November 2020

The current study was carried out to study the effect of selenium nanomaterials and the extract of the silymarin plant on male rats poisoned by lead phastates and to study their effect on male genital. The study was conducted in the eighth month of last year and for 40 days, Where 50 males were taken from rats and were divided equally into 5 groups, which are as follows: Control group 10 animals were gavage with distilled water for 40 days. The lead acetate group was administered in single dose and left for the duration of the experiment. The third group was administered with a single dose of lead acetates and then gavage with selenium nanoparticles for 40 days. The fourth group administered lead acetate with a single dose then gavage with extract of silymarin for 40 days, And the fifth and final group was gavage with lead acetate with a single dose and then administered combination of selenium nanoparticle and extract of silymarin for 40 days. The results of the study exposed that selenium nanotubes and salimarin extract had a positive effect(P < 0.05) on all the parameters measured in this study. In conclusion, SeNPs and extract of silymarin in the supranutritional dose has a positive effect on the reproductive function of male.
Pathogenicity of nine Fusarium species causing head blight and crown rot in Iraqi wheat cropping system, Basra province
Authors: Hussein Minati Mohammed , Khalaf Mohammed-Ameen Mohanned
Published: November 2020

This experiment was conducted to determine pathogenicity of 32 isolates of nine Fusarium spp. (F. chlamydosorum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. pseudograminearum, F. solani, F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis and F. nygamai) on the heads, stems and seeds of soft winter wheat cultivar, Abu Ghraib 3 (AG 3). For pathogenicity test on head bleaching, the effects of disease severity and percent Fusarium head blight (FHB) were significant (P ≤ 0.05) for each of Fusarium species and isolates as well as time were analyzed individually. Analysis by Fusarium species displayed that F. culmorum, F. cerealis and F. graminearum caused the highest percent FHB at 21 days after inoculation, while F. chlamydosporum and F. nygamai were the least pathogenic. F. Pseudograminearum had the greatest effect on seed germination (40-48%), followed by F. culmorum (53-60%). The effects of most examined Fusarium species and isolates were significant (P ≤ 0.05) for discoloration rating of basal stem as indications of Fusarium crown rot (FCR). F. pseudograminearum had the highest average percent disease severity of FCR (60.58%), followed by F. cerealis (51.13%), F. culmorum (49.58%), F. avenaceum (48.61%) and F. graminearum (43.92%). Infected heads and seeds might be resulted in basal stem infections, consequently serving Fusarium inoculum to be survived over time. Infected ground and underground plant parts could then become an inoculum sources for head infection in the next seasons.
Effect of adding different levels of lemon grass leaves (Cymbopogon citratus) to the diet or its extract into drinking water on some blood parameters for broiler chickens (Ross 308)
Authors: Yasir Al-Awadi Dheyaa Hmazah , Ali Al-Nadawi Nihad Abdul-Lateef
Published: November 2020

This experiment was conducted at the poultry farm of the college of Agriculture, University of Al-Qasim Green for the period from 18/9/2019 to 23/10/2019. The study was aimed to the effect of adding different levels of lemongrass leaves (Cymbopogon citratus) to the diet or its extract to drinking water on some blood parameters for broiler chickens (Ross 308). In the experiment, 225 unsexed broiler chicks (Ross), which obtained from Al-Anwar hatchery, it the were randomly distributed on 15 pen, with 5 experimental treatments,45 birds for each treatment. Each treatment included three replicates per 15 birds. The treatments of the experiment were as follows: First treatment: control group free from any addition. The second treatment: a basic feed added to 10 g of lemon grass / kg feed, the third treatment: a basic feed added with 20 g of lemon grass / kg feed, The fourth treatment: adding 100 ml of the aqueous extract of the lemongrass / liter of drinking water, and the fifth treatment: adding 200 ml of the aqueous extract of the lemongrass liter of drinking water.

The experiment included studying the following characteristics: the number of red blood cells, the number of white blood cells, the percentage of Haematocrit (%), the concentration of haemoglobin (%), the percentage of lymphocytes (%), the percentage of Heterophil cells (%) and the percentage of H / L cells. The results indicated register the third, fourth and fifth treatment (adding 20 g / kg of feed leaves of lemon and 100 and 200 ml / liter of drinking water from the aqueous extract of the leaves of lemongrass) recorded an increase in the number of red blood cells, the percentage of Haematocrit and the concentration of haemoglobin at the 35 days age and in a significant (p≤ 0.05) compared to the first treatment (control). The treatment of adding lemongrass leaves, either with feed or drinking water, showed a significant increase (p≤0.05) in the numbers of white blood cells, the percentage of lymphocytes (%) and a decrease in the percentage of Heterophil cells (%) and the percentage of H / L cells compared to the first treatment (control). It is concluded from the present experiment that adding of the lemon grass leaves or their aqueous extract to drinking water at levels of 20 g / kg fodder, 100 ml of aqueous extract of lemon leaves and 200 ml of the aqueous extract of lemon grass leaves to the diet can lead to improving some blood parameters for broiler chickens. Keywords: lemon grass, blood parameters, broiler chickens.

*Research paper from MSc thesis for the first author.
Antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant activity of chitosan nanoparticles synthesized by E. coli
Authors: Hussein Ali Abdul , Aldujaili Nawfal Hussein
Published: November 2020

The aim of the this study was to study the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant activity of Chitosan nanoparticles synthesized byE. coli. Twenty five Sample and investigations were achieved during the period from November 2018 to April 2019. Wound infection samples were collected from Two different hospital in Najaf province (AL-Sadder medical city). The A5 (E.coli) efficient isolate. the isolate was diagnosed by convenatial and molecular methods. Molecular study showed theE,coliisolate gave positive results (1270bp) for 16s rRNA assay, Data ofE. colistrain at the locus (MN197856), accession (MN197856), version (MN197856.1), defined as(Escherichia colistrain Kafeel-1 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. The results showed the gram positive bacteria highly resistante to novobiocin and nitrofurantion with the diameter of inhibition zone 27 and 20mm respectively, and low resistante to amoxicillin/calvulanic acid with the diameter of inhibition zone (0 mm). Where gram negative bacteria showed highly resistante to imipenem with the diameter of inhibition zone 22 mm. and low resistante to antibiotic includes ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin/calvulanic acid with the diameter of inhibition zone 5 and 0 mm respectively. Biogenic chitosan expressed high significant antibiofilm activity with increasing concentration of chitosan NPs. DPPH reducing activity of nanoparticles which increased with increase concentration of biogenic chitosan NPs.
The toxicity of alkaline compounds of some plants in some aspects of the life of the house fly Musca domestica)Diptera:Musacidae)
Authors: falhy AL-mrammathi Majida mohammad Abid , Annon AL-Hasnawi Mohammad Ridha
Published: November 2020

Current research included evaluating the efficacy of extracts of Citrus alkaloid raw materials Citrullus colocynthis L., Rubus sanctus Shreb and Lycium barbarum in the cumulative mortality of the Musca domestica.

The alkaloids extract of the raspberry plant R.sanctus recorded a clear superiority over the bitter melon C. colocynthis and L. barbarum, as the mortality rates for eggs ranged between 80.78-43.34% for the R.sanctus plant in concentrations 20-2.5 mg / ml, while it reached 66.93-32.50% for the C.colocynthis plant. In comparison with the control treatment of 16.60%, the botanum L.barbarum followed with a loss rate ranging between 63.68-31.12% for the same extract and the aforementioned concentrations. There is a direct relationship between the percentages of loss and the concentrations used.

As for the effect of extract of raw alkaline compounds of plants on the destruction of the three larval phases of the housefly, the effect was evident as the highest rates of killing were achieved for the larval phases of all plants and at the highest concentration of 20 mg / ml, with the exception of what the third phase of the bitter melon plant showed in terms of resistance, as the mortality of the aforementioned phase reached 85.56% compared with the percentage of destruction in the control treatment of 8.61%. There is also a direct relationship between the concentrations and the percentages of destruction. The results also indicate a difference in the sensitivity of the larval stages of the extracts, as the first phase was the most sensitive compared to the rest of the other larval stages.
Effect of Nano and bio fertilizer on production of bioactive compounds of Solidago canadensis L
Authors: Al-Rekaby Layth Sareea , Atiyah Khalid mohsin
Published: November 2020

The experiment was conducted to assess the effect of different concentrations of Nano fertilizer at three concentrations 0, 1 and 2 gm./L, and the bio fertilizer at two concentrations 0 and 20 gm./L and their combinations on production of Bioactive compound of Solidago canadensis L. (goldenrods), that planted in pots. After ending experiment, the active compounds in alcohol extract of shoot were detected by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-Mass). The results show that the experimental treatment effect alterations in all detected bioactive compounds. GC-Mass analysis shows quantitative and qualitative variations of bioactive compound of alcohol extract from shoot of goldenrods, where shoot content of active compounds many of the most important bioactive compounds (Figure1) Chemical description of extract has been conducted out using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-Mass). seventy identified compound in S. canadensis of total compounds in the fundamental compounds were identified as medical activity the results show increase the present of Alpha.-Amyrin after treatment by 2 gm./L Nano fertilizer without Bio fertilizer so that, The Kolavenol show increase by treatment 20 gm./L Bio fertilizer without Nano fertilizer, Propanoic acid increase by treatment 1 gm./L Nano fertilizer and 20 gm./L Bio fertilizer, Copaene show increase by all treatment except with 2 gm./L Nano fertilizer and 20 gm./L Bio fertilizer, while Hexadecanoic acid show increase by all treatments (Figure2-7).
The Effect of Capparis Spinosa L. Plant on the Cytochrome and Glutathione to Reduce the Hepatotoxicity induced by Paracetamol in Mice
Authors: Ali Al-nuani Raed Mohammed , Kadhim Naser Jawad
Published: November 2020

The acetaminophen is one of analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can cause the hepatotoxicity. Many of the hepatoprotective of plant use in medicine to treatment of hepatic disorders. The aqueous Capparis spinosa extract (CSE) (500 mg/kg) was used to reduce the hepatotoxicity induced by paracetamol (PARA) (300mg/kg). The current study, 70 male albino mice (25-30 g) were divided into five group; group I: It were received 0.9% sodium chloride (control), group II: It were given PARA intraperitoneally (IP) (300 mg/kg), single dose, group III: It were received PARA as a single dose (300 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (IP) directly followed by oral administration of the CSE (500 mg/kg) single dose per day for 21 days, group IV: It were received CSE (500 mg/kg) single dose per days for 21 days the injected by PARA intraperitoneally (IP) (300mg/kg), and Group V: It were administered orally of CSE only (500 mg/kg) per days for 21 days. The animals each groups above sacrificed at 1 h, 6h, 12h, 24h, 72h, 10 days and 21 days. Blood samples were collected to determine the serum of CYP450 2E1 and GSH. The PARA (300mg/kg) increased the CYP450 2E1 and reduced the GSH serum levels significantly when compared with the control group (P<0.05). The CSE showed non-significantly effect on these markers. The CSE showed the higher reducing effect on CYP450 2E1 and GSH level induced by PARA toxicity about 19.53% in (CSE+PARA) group, and about 62.52% in (PARA+CSE) group respectively. This research conclude that the CSE (500 mg/kg) reduces the hepatotoxicity of paracetamol (300mg/kg IP) significantly.
The Detection and Investigation of Tetracycline Resistance Associated Genes Among Shigella Isolates Using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Phylogenetic Analysis Methods In Al-Diwaniyah province, Iraq
Authors: Jabbar Abeer Hamoodi , Al-Azawi Ibtisam H.
Published: November 2020

Shigellosis is second cause in the world that leading to diarrheal death (164,300 deaths annually, one to three causes that leading to diarrheal deaths in children younger than 5 yeares. Shigella spp are responsible for the illness caused that are enteric bacteria facultative anaerobice, non-motile, Gram-negative rods. almost of 165 millions states of diarrheal yearly, about 163 millions of states is at developing nations. because of the developments of antibiotics resistance over the previous halfe-century, In Shigellosis optiones for Antimicrobial treatments are specific to little numbers of antibiotics overtimes, patterns of antimicrobials resistances in Shigellae spp. has change in order to geographicals positions and treatmentes becames further complicated, The appropirate and active treatments for diseases lead to descrease shed for bacteria and prevents lethale productions. aim of study was to Investigation of The Tetracycline genes in Shigella spp and The Relationship between the Antimicrobial Resistance and Tetracycline genes Using PCR and Phylogenetic tree analysis, Shigella isolates were diagnostic by Biochemical and molecular methods.

Shigella isolates were investigated genotypically to detection about harboring Tetracycline Genes includes (tetA), (tetB) by PCR technique. The Shigella isolates showed the high percentage of (tetA) gen about (100%) followed by ,(tetB) (90%). Sequencing of tetA and tetB genes was done also.
Propagation of oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus in Embryonated Chicken Eggs and its Research Applications in Cell lines
Authors: Al-Ziaydi Ahmed Ghdhban , Al-Shammari Ahmed Majeed , Hamzah Mohammed I.
Published: November 2020

Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) can modulate cancer cell signaling pathways and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. The laboratory-based studies of the oncolytic NDV requires a reliable protocol for the propagation of the oncolytic NDV. A comprehensive protocol is provided for virus propagation in fertile chicken eggs, which consistently yields high titer viral stock. Aim: Propagation of oncolytic NDV AMHA1 attenuated strain in Embryonated Chicken Eggs (ECE) and tissue culture infective dose 50% (TCID50) determination protocol of the virus. Method: Specific pathogen-free fertilized chicken eggs were incubated at 37 °C and 55-60% humidity for 9’ 10 days. Over this period, embryo death was monitored using an egg candle regularly. Virus inoculation is carried out by injection of the diluted virus stock into the allantoic cavity using a needle. embryo death was recorded every two hours and the egg rushed to the refrigerator and fluids collected after four to six hours. Hemagglutination assay (HA) was used to determine the preliminary titer of the virus to collect the high titer egg fluids only which is about 128 to 256HAU. The Vero cell line was exposed to NDV at tenfold serial dilutions to determine TCID50of the virus. The number of viruses in 1 ml of allantoic fluid was measured of embryonated chicken eggs. Results: NDV Iraqi virulent strain has the ability to kill all the chicken embryos through (24-72) h of inoculation. A high titer of NDV was achieved from the infected eggs.

Conclusion: Oncolytic NDV propagated in embryonated chicken eggs in high titers as indicated by TCID50value.
The Epipelic Algal Community in Tigris River and the Effect of Rasheed Power Plant Effluents on its Biodiversity
Authors: Muftin Fatema Sh , Nashaat Muhanned R. , Farhan Rasha K.
Published: November 2020

In order to find the effect of Rasheed Power Plant (RPP) effluents on biodiversity of Tigris River epipelic algal community, twelve monthly clay samples were collected from January to December 2012, at four selected sites along the Tigris River, which were located upstream RPP (S1), near RPP (S2) and down to the impact of RPP discharge (S3) and (S4). The results showed that epipelic cell density range from 60.493 × 103cell/m3at S1 to 155.744 × 103cell/m3at S2. Shannon diversity index (H) ranged from 0.275-2.517 bit/Ind., species richness (D) ranged from 0.1115-2.1241, species uniformity index (E) ranged from 0.148-2.878. Generally, the biodiversity indicators result showed a positive quantitative effect of thermal effluent on epipelic community, and negative qualitative effect of thermal effluent on its community Also, it was concluded that the benthic clay of Tigris River was considered as poor diversity and polluted especially at site 2.
A Study of the Chemical and Physical Properties of Cane as a Biofuel After Thermal Treatment Processes (Tarification)
Authors: Alnasur Fawzi Sh. , Almansoori Ahmed Ch. , AL-Furaiji Mushtaq A. , Kareem Muhammed Im.
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the physical and chemical properties of cane as a biofuel after torrefaction processes. The main objective study is to increase the use of biomass as renewable energy resources and improve the efficiency of technologies and equipment used to burn fuel. Sugar cane specimens were collected directly from the agricultural lands with a moisture content 11.45%. All specimens have been dried. Calorific value, heat capacity, percentage of some elements and carbon monoxide emissions have been measured. the rustles indicated calorific value for cane more than straw rice and barely while less than straw wheat and corn, high carbon content, acceptable hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur content, and low nitrogen content, carbon monoxide emissions and.
Facies Architecture, Diagenesis and Paleoceanography of Mishrif (Late Cretaceous) in Selected Wells of West Qurna Oil Field, Southern Iraq
Authors: Hussain Salah A. , Al-Obaidi Mautadhid , Khwedim Kareem , Ahmad Khaldoun
Published: November 2020

The Cretacous is consider as very substantial period especially in middle and south of Iraq inasmuch of hydrocarbon content along his rock succession. In present work, the Mishrif Formation was studied in well 220 and well 280 of West Qurna oil field, Southern Iraq, the examination of the hand specimens of the formation rocks indicates recrystallized vuggy limestone in well 220 and recrystallized limestone in well 280. Twenty-four core samples distributed equally over the two wells were collected and prepared for microscope examination. Six main types of microfacies were found in both wells, these are: lime mudstone, wackestone, packstone, grainstone, rudstone and grapestone; and four submicrofacies these are: bioclast wackestone, benthic forams wackestone, bioclast packstone and peloidal packstone. The diagenetic processes include: cementation, dolomitization, compaction, dissolution and porosity. The microfacies examination reflect facies zone (7, 8 and 9A) which indicate deposition in the (evaporitic to the open marine) platform interior environment.
Bioremediation of pollutant waters by Trichoderma harzianum using EDX and laboratory Examination
Authors: Abed Ali Wisam jasim , Walli Hazim A.
Published: November 2020

The results of water examinations for Al-Najaf sea by used energy dispersive x-ray and laboratory examination and it compare with river water were pH value was 5.5, Chlorides 950 mg/l, Sulfate 834 mg/l and intractability of water was 811mg/l, for water samples from Al-Najaf sea. While were the results for the river samples of water in Al-Najaf city, it were pH value was 6.7, Chlorides 344 mg/l, Sulfate 290 mg/l and Intractability of water was 390 mg/l. The laboratory results showed the role of Trichoderma harzianum in reducing the clear pollution factors in the pollutant waters after detecting it with an electron microscope. Where the results of the biological treatment by Trichoderma harzianum showed that there clear significant differences between the initial tests for the pollutant waters of AL-Najaf sea and the sea waters that were treated as follows : pH value was 6.4, Chlorides 720 mg/l, Sulfate 400 mg/l and Intractability of water was 460 mg/l, for pollutant waters after treatment by Trichoderma harzianum.
Mixed Symmetry States for even-even 218-224 Ra Isotopes by using (IBM-2)
Authors: Kadhim Hadi Al-Sadi Mohammed Abdul , Alnasraui Ali Hussein F. , Altbtbiey Dhay Alaa
Published: November 2020

In present investigation we employ IBM-2 parameters in Hamiltonian operator and applying the NPBOS bundle to determine mixed symmetry states for even-even 218-224 Ra isotopes, in addition to extract some theoretical nuclear properties, one of which the excited energy levels, which gave best match between practical data and theoretical results specially for the ground state bands, and acceptable agreement for semi β bands and semi γ bands. The (MSS) property which gets a speedy reaction while changing majorana term δ2 due to mixture between wave function for protons and neutrons was diagnosed for levels Energy ratios were calculated between and which shows these isotopes have a varied dynamic stretch starting from their pure vibrational state at A = 218 transition state U (5) - O (6) at A = 220 and finally transition state O (6)-SU (3), when A = 222 And 224, respectively. Finally, determined the likelihood for electric quadruple transition B(E2), magnetic dipole B(M1), which All express a decent agreement with the practical data.
DESCRIPTION OF SUNN PEST(HEMIPTERA: SCUTELLERIDAE) AND CAMPONOTUS SPP. (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE), AS THEIR PREDATOR, FROM THE WHEAT FIELDS OF THI-QAR PROVINCE SOUTHERN IRAQ
Authors: Al-Fayyadh Mustafa Jawad , Najim Shurooq Abdullah , Al-Husainawi Khalid Jabir
Published: November 2020

The sunn pest of Eurygaster spp. (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) also known as sting or cereal bug, is one of the most economically important pest in the world. The study include conducting a field survey of wheat fields in Thi – Qar province to investigate the presence of the sunn pest, as the insect was observed for the first time in wheat fields of AL-Rifai district north of province, at the end of March, the survey was expanded to include other localities in province, AL-Dawaya, AL-Nasir, AL-Gharraf, AL-Shatra districs. A description of adult females belong to two species of sunn pest were identified as Eurygaster integriceps (Poton, 1898), and Eurygaster testudinaria (Goffary, 1758), from two loclaities of study region (AL-Rifai and AL-Dawaya), from the period during 23/March to 14/5/2020. One of the important opservation is the presence of efficient natural enemy of this pestrepresents by ants, the predator was identify as Camponotus spp.(Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae), as was noted killing the living insects and hiding them in their holes.
A new class of three-term double projection approach for solving nonlinear monotone equations
Authors: Mahdi M M , Shiker Mushtak A.K.
Published: November 2020

The derivative-free projection methodology is important and highly efficient method to solve large scale monotone equations of nonlinear systems. In this work, we suggested a new class of extensions projection approach employs along with a new line search to show a class of new double projection technique for solving monotone systems of nonlinear equations. Our algorithm can be applied to solve nonsmooth equations, furthermore it’s suitable for large scale equations due to simplicity and limited memory. This method constricts new two appropriate hyperplanes in each point strictly separates xk
from the solution set, it can obtain the next iteration x

k+1 by projecting xk
onto the intersection of two halfspaces and include the solution set of the problem. The global convergence of the given method is investigated with mild assumptions. The numerical experiments prove that the new approach is working well and so promising.
Diverse paradigms of residential development inform water use and drought-related conservation behavior
Authors: Quesnel Kimberly J , Agrawal Saahil , Ajami Newsha K
Published: November 2020

Widespread urbanization has led to diverse patterns of residential development, which are linked to different resource consumption patterns, including water demand. Classifying neighborhoods based on urban form and sociodemographic features can provide an avenue for understanding community water use behaviors associated with housing alternatives and different residential populations. In this study, we leveraged built environment data from the online real estate aggregator Zillow to develop neighborhood typologies and community clusters via a sequence of unsupervised learning methods. Five distinct clusters, spatially segregated despite no geospatial inputs, were associated with unique single-family residential water use and conservation patterns and trends. The two highest-income clusters had divergent behavior, especially during and after a historic drought, thus unraveling conventional income–water use and income–water conservation relationships. These clustering results highlight evolving water use regimes as traditional patterns of development are replaced with compact, water-efficient urban form. Defining communities based on built environment and sociodemographic characteristics, instead of sociodemographic features alone, led to 3% to 30% improvements in cluster water use and conservation cohesion. These analyses demonstrate the importance of smart development across rapidly urbanizing areas in water-scarce regions across the globe.
Mechanisms of the decadal variability of monsoon rainfall in the southern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yue Siyu , Wang Bin , Yang Kun , Xie Zhiling , Lu Hui , He Jie
Published: November 2020

The Tibetan Plateau (TP), as a whole, has undergone a moistening process since the late 1990s. However, the southern Tibetan Plateau (STP) is an exception, where summer monsoon precipitation amount has decreased, and lakes have shrunk. The cause for the precipitation decrease is not clear yet. Here we show that the monsoon (June to September) mean precipitation changes in the STP from 1979 to 2018 features a decadal variation component with a peak of around 10 years that is superposed on an upward ‘trend’ from 1979 to 1998 and a downward ‘trend’ afterward. We find that the decadal variation of the STP precipitation is associated with a large-scale dipolar sea surface temperature (SST) pattern between the equatorial central Pacific and the Indo-Pacific warm pool. A wet STP corresponds to negative SST anomaly in the equatorial central Pacific and positive SST anomaly in the Indo-Pacific warm pool. This equatorial SST gradient in the western Pacific generates pronounced easterly anomalies and a dipolar rainfall anomaly (i.e. a positive rainfall anomaly over the Maritime Continent and a negative anomaly in the equatorial western and central Pacific). Due to less precipitation over the equatorial western Pacific, the suppressed heat source appears to excite an anomalous anticyclonic band along 15–20° N extending from the Philippine Sea to the Bay of Bengal by emanating westward propagating descending transient Rossby waves. The low-level anticyclonic circulation over the Bay of Bengal further enhances northward moisture transport toward the STP and promote upward motion in the STP through changing local meridional circulation. Besides, the linearized atmospheric general circulation model experiments demonstrate that the dipole heating source can generate a high-pressure zone under the control of anticyclone over the western Pacific, which can extend westward to the Indian monsoon region.