bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The first unified inventory of non-native fishes of the South Caucasian countries, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia
Authors: Kuljanishvili Tatia , Mumladze Levan , Japoshvili Bella , Mustafayev Namig , Ibrahimov Shaig , Patoka Jiří , Pipoyan Samvel , Kalous Lukáš
Published: August 2021

The South Caucasus (SC) region is recognized for its high biological diversity and various endemic animal taxa. The area has experienced many fish introductions over the years, but the overall information about non-native fishes in the three SC countries, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia did not exist. Although these three countries belong to the Kura River drainage, Caspian Sea basin (only the western half of Georgia drains into the Black Sea), the legislative framework for each country regarding introduction of non-native fish species and their treatment is different and poorly developed. The goal of the present study was to make an initial inventory of non-native fish species in the three SC countries, and summarize the existing knowledge as a basis for future risk assessment models and formulation of regional management policies. Here, we present a unified list of 27 non-native species recorded in the wild in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. Among these 27 species, eight were translocated from the Black Sea basin to the Caspian Sea basin. Out of these 27 non-native fishes, 15 species have become established (three of them being considered invasive) and six fish species could not survive in the wild.
Les techniques instrumentales de mesure de la force musculaire et de la balance musculaire : le point sur la technologie isocinétique
Authors: Cozette Maryne , Leprêtre Pierre-Marie , Weissland Thierry
Published: August 2021

Le rapport de force entre les muscles agonistes et antagonistes est un paramètre déterminant pour la motricité, mais aussi pour le maintien de la stabilité articulaire au cours du mouvement. La stabilisation dynamique d’une articulation est une notion fondamentale dans le cadre de la performance, de la prévention, mais aussi de la rééducation. Plusieurs techniques permettent de quantifier la force musculaire en fonction de la modalité de contraction du muscle. On distingue les évaluations isométriques, inertielles, et isocinétiques. Parmi ces techniques, les évaluations isocinétiques semblent être les plus pertinentes pour apprécier l’équilibre de force entre les muscles agonistes et antagonistes tout en considérant les propriétés mécaniques du muscle in situ. Malgré tout, la technique isocinétique, telle qu’elle est utilisée, présente certaines limites, notamment liées à l’utilisation exclusive du pic de force.
Potentiale von KI und Radiomics in der onkologischen Nuklearmedizin
Authors: Hahn Horst K. , Franzius Christiane
Published: August 2021

Mit zunehmender Hoffnung und gleichzeitig Sorge beobachten viele Mediziner*innen die jüngsten Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der künstlichen Intelligenz. Radiomics und künstliche Intelligenz gehören seit gut fünf Jahren zu den am schnellsten wachsenden methodischen Arbeitsgebieten innerhalb der medizinischen Forschung. Sie versprechen insbesondere, komplexe Zusammenhänge in Bilddaten und strukturierten Patientendaten aufzuspüren und daraus prädiktive Klassifikationen abzuleiten. Mit anderen Worten sollen sie dabei helfen, die rasant zunehmende Komplexität der medizinischen Versorgung zu meistern. Selbst innerhalb eng gefasster Spezialgebiete ist das laufend neu entstehende Wissen oftmals kaum überschaubar und daher in der klinischen Routine nur unvollständig anwendbar. In der Krebsversorgung, etwa bei der onkologischen Phänotypisierung und Therapieoptimierung, ist diese Komplexitätszunahme besonders stark spürbar. Die Nuklearmedizin hat dort bei Diagnose, Staging, Therapieauswahl und Erfolgskontrolle ihren festen Platz, und mit geringem Zeitversatz sind Radiomics und KI auch dort mit schnell wachsenden Publikationsraten angekommen. Innerhalb der KI ist es allen voran das tiefe maschinelle Lernen (Deep Learning), das seit 2015 dabei ist, die konventionelle Mustererkennung fast völlig abzulösen. Anders als das klassische Radiomics besitzt Deep Learning durch das sog. Selbstlernen die Fähigkeit, relevante Muster auch in heterogenen, schlecht standardisierten Daten zu erkennen. Die für komplexe Fragestellungen notwendigen integrierten Daten müssen in vielen Fällen jedoch erst noch in ausreichender Menge verfügbar gemacht werden. Dennoch ist bereits absehbar, dass einige der künftig generierten KI-Vorhersagen nicht mehr vom Menschen nachvollziehbar sein werden. Umso wichtiger werden für die Zukunft eine präzise Zieldefinition sein sowie die enge Kooperationen zwischen methodischer Forschung, klinischer Anwendung und ethischer Begleitforschung.
Psychotherapie nach einem Suizidversuch
Authors: Teismann Tobias , Forkmann Thomas , Glaesmer Heide
Published: August 2021

Suizidversuche gelten als einer der wichtigsten Risikofaktoren für Suizide. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden in den vergangenen Jahren verschiedene Psychotherapieangebote für Personen nach einem Suizidversuch entwickelt und evaluiert. Im Rahmen des Artikels wird der Stand der Effektivitätsforschung skizziert, ein Beispiel für ein wirksames suizidfokussiertes Psychotherapieprogramm wird vorgestellt und der gegenwärtige Forschungs- und Wissenstand wird kritisch reflektiert. Grundsätzlich kommt der suizidspezifischen Psychotherapie in der individuumzentrierten Suizidprävention besondere Bedeutung zu; die empirische Fundierung und Dissemination entsprechender Programme ist jedoch noch unzureichend.
Masseteric-Facial Anastomosis: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Bispo Breno Alexander , Zito Raffa Paulo Eduardo Albuquerque , Simm Pires de Aguiar Pedro Henrique , Bocchi André Alexandre , Publio Correa Maria Eugênia Martins , Correa Victor de Oliveira , Almeida Castro Junior Carlos Alberto de , Pires de Aguiar Paulo Henrique , Martins Roberto Sergio
Published: August 2021

Intoduction The pathways of the facial nerve are variable, and knowledge of that is essential. The worst impact caused by facial paralysis is related to quality of life, especially regarding the self-esteem and social acceptance on the part of the patients, leading to social isolation and disruption on their mental health.

Case Report A 33-year-old female patient, with a stage-T3 acoustic neurinoma, presented with a moderate dysfunction (grades II to III) according to the House-Brackmann (HB) Facial Nerve Grading System. A 43-year-old male patient, with a stage-T4B trigeminal schwannoma, underwent a resective surgery and presented grade-VI dysfunction according to the HB scale. And a female patient with a stage-T4A acoustic neurinoma presented grade-IV dysfunction according to the HB scale.

Discussion We performed a literature review of papers related to surgeries for masseteric-facial nerve anastomosis and compiled the results in table; then, we compared these data with those obtained from our cases.

Conclusion The masseteric nerve is the one that shows the best prognosis among all the cranial nerves that could be used, but it is also necessary to perform well the surgical technique to access the facial branch and consequently achieve a better masseteric-facial nerve anastomosis.
Left Main Coronary Artery Disease in Diabetics: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention or Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting?
Authors: Disney Logan , Ramaiah Chandrashekhar , Ramaiah Meghna , Keshavamurthy Suresh
Published: August 2021

The choice between coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for myocardial revascularization in patients with left main disease (LMD) is controversial. There is general agreement that CABG is appropriate for all patients, and PCI is acceptable for those with low-to-intermediate anatomic complexity. However, there is uncertainty about the relative safety and efficacy of PCI in patients with more complex LMD and with comorbidities such as diabetes. No direct comparison trial has focused on revascularization in diabetic patients with LMD, and thus conclusions on the topic are subject to the limitations of subgroup analysis, as well as the heterogeneous exclusion criteria, and methodologies of individual trials. The available evidence suggests that among diabetics, CABG is superior in patients with LMD with SYNTAX (SYNergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with TAXus and dardiac surgery) score greater than 33, distal bifurcation disease, or multivessel disease. PCI may be appropriate in those with less-extensive disease or those with limited life expectancy or high surgical risk.
Management of Giant Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm with Quadricuspid Valve Stenosis
Authors: Lorenz Veronica , Gambacciani Andrea , Guerrini Susanna , Giuseppe Mazzei Francesco , Gianfranco Montesi , Mattesini Alessio
Published: August 2021

The pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA) is a rare disease with no well-defined guidelines about the diagnostic criteria and its management. In fact, the indications for surgical treatment and the type of surgical approach are not clear. However, in case of giant PAAs with hypertension and pulmonary valve abnormalities, surgery should be considered as an effective and safe approach to prevent dissections or ruptures. In this report, we describe a successful case of surgical repair, using a Bioconduit with a pericardial patch to recreate the pulmonary artery bifurcation in a 72-year-old male with aneurysm of the pulmonary artery (max diameter: 72 mm), associated with quadricuspid pulmonary valve stenosis and pulmonary hypertension. The procedure was uncomplicated and the follow-up computed tomography scan at 4 months showed correct positioning of the graft with no sign of contrast leakage.
Effects of Venous Insufficiency in Patients Undergoing Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Analysis of 1.2 Million Patients
Authors: Summers Spencer , Yakkanti Ramakanth , Ocksrider Justin , Haziza Sagie , Mannino Angelo , Roche Martin , Hernandez Victor H.
Published: August 2021

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is extraordinarily prevalent in our aging population with over 30 million people in the United States suffering from the disease. There is a paucity of data analyzing the effects of CVI on outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to utilize a nationwide administrative claims database to determine whether patients with CVI undergoing TKA have higher rates of: (1) in-hospital lengths of stay (LOS); (2) readmission rates; (3) medical complications; (4) implant-related complications; and (5) costs of care compared to controls. Using a nationwide database, we matched patients with CVI undergoing TKA to controls without CVI undergoing TKA in a 1:5 ratio by age, sex, and medical comorbidities associated with CVI. Primary outcomes analyzed within the study included LOS, 90-day readmission rates, 90-day medical complications, 2-year implant-related complications, in addition to 90-day total global episode of care costs. The query yielded 1,265,534 patients with (n = 210,926) and without (n = 1,054,608) CVI undergoing primary TKA. Patients with CVI had significantly longer LOS (4 vs. 3 days, p < 0.0001), higher 90-day readmission rates (20.96 vs. 15.34%; odds ratio [OR]: 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44–1.48, p < 0.0001), and higher odds of medical complications (2.27 vs. 1.30%; OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.70–1.83, p < 0.0001) compared to matched controls. Patients with CVI also had higher odds of periprosthetic joint infections (2.23 vs. 1.03%; OR: 2.18, p < 0.0001) and implant-related complications in general (4.27 vs. 2.17%; OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.96–2.06, p < 0.0001). Additionally, patients with CVI had higher total global 90-day episode of care costs ($15,583.07 vs. $14,286.95, p < 0.0001). Patients with CVI undergoing TKA have increased LOS, higher odds of medical and implant complications, and increased costs of care compared to those without CVI. The study can be utilized by orthopaedic surgeons to counsel patients on the potential complications following this procedure. This is a level III, retrospective cohort study.
Perceived Barriers of Incident Reporting Among Internists: Results from Hamad Medical Corporation in Qatar
Authors: Mohamed Mouhand F.H. , Abubeker Ibrahim Y. , Al-Mohanadi Dabia , Al-Mohammed Ahmed , Abou-Samra Abdul-Badi , Elzouki Abdel-Naser
Published: August 2021

Background Adverse events (AE) are responsible for annual deaths that exceed deaths due to motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer, and AIDS. Many AE are considered preventable. Thus, AE needs to be detected and analyzed. Incident reporting systems (IRS) are crucial in identifying AE. Nevertheless, the incident report (IR) process is flawed with underreporting, especially from the physicians' side. This limits its efficiency in detecting AE. Therefore, we aimed to assess the practice and identify the barriers associated with incident reporting among internal medicine physicians in a large tertiary hospital through a survey.

Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study. We distributed an online survey to physicians working in the Internal Medicine Department of Qatar's largest tertiary academic institute. The questionnaire was validated and piloted ahead of the start of the trial. The response rate was 53%.

Results A total of 115 physicians completed the survey; 59% acknowledged the availability of an institutional IRS. However, only 29% knew how to submit an online IR, and 20% have ever submitted an IR. The survey revealed that participants were less likely to submit an IR when they or a colleague is involved in the incident; 46% and 63%, respectively. The main barriers of reporting incidents were unawareness about the IRS (36%) and the perception that IR will not bring a system change (13%); moreover, there exists the fear of retaliation (13%). When asked about solutions, 57% recommended training and awareness, and 22% recommended sharing learnings and actions from previous IR.

Conclusions IRS is underutilized by internal medicine physicians. The main barrier at the time of the survey is the lack of training and awareness. Promoting awareness and sharing previous learning and actions may improve the utilization of the IRS.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Stenting versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Glenn Ian C. , Iacona Gabriele M. , Mangi Abeel A.
Published: August 2021

The debate over coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent placement for the treatment of stable multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) continues in spite of numerous studies investigating the issue. This paper reviews the most recent randomized control trials (RCT) and meta-analyses of pooled RCT data to help address this issue. General trends demonstrated that CABG was superior in all-cause mortality and fulfilling the need for repeat revascularization. These advantages tended to be more pronounced in multivessel CAD and diabetes, and less so in left main CAD. PCI showed a consistently lower rate of cerebrovascular events. CABG continues to offer significant advantages over PCI, even as drug-eluting stent technology continues to evolve. The ideal endpoint for comparing PCI and CABG remains to be determined. Furthermore, additional research is required to further refine patient selection criteria for each intervention.
Tuning interfacial spin pump in Ta/CoFeB/MgO films by ultrafast laser pulse
Authors: Gong Yuting , Lu Xianyang , Su Jian , Chen Zhendong , Yang Long , Yan Yu , Li Yao , Ruan Xuezhong , Du Jun , Cai Jianwang , Wu Jing , He Liang , Zhang Rong , Meng Hao , Liu Bo , Xu Yongbing
Published: August 2021

The operation speed and the energy-efficiency of magnetic random access memory (MRAM) is largely controlled by Gilbert damping of magnetic layers. The ultrafast laser pulse may offer an opportunity to tune the interfacial spin pumping, which can then control the Gilbert damping. Here, we have investigated the ultrafast laser induced magnetization precession, especially the magnetic damping, of a series of Ta/CoFeB/MgO thin films using the pump–probe time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect (TR-MOKE) measurements. The pump fluence dependence of the magnetic damping has been found to vary with the thickness tCoFeB of the nanoscale CoFeB layer. Remarkably, the intrinsic damping constant α0 has been found to decrease with the increase in the pump fluence when the thickness of the CoFeB layer is less than 1.2 nm. This fluence-dependent behavior of α0 is attributed to the fluence-dependent contribution of the Ta/CoFeB interface induced spin pumping effect. The ultrafast laser pulses effectively enhance the interfacial spin pumping effect via tuning the spin diffusion length of the adjacent Ta layer, from 2.4 to 7.1 nm. Our findings provide insights into the ultrafast laser pulse driven magnetic dynamics and interfacial spin manipulation in Ta/CoFeB/MgO structures.
Ultrafast dynamics of charge transfer in CVD grown MoS2–graphene heterostructure
Authors: Xu Zhen , Liu Zhe , Zhang Dehui , Zhong Zhaohui , Norris Theodore B.
Published: August 2021

We study the interlayer charge transfer dynamics across the heterojunction of graphene and chemical-vapor-deposition grown MoS2, using ultrafast optical spectroscopy. Electron–hole pairs are generated only in the graphene layer by a 100-fs pump pulse, and the presence of carriers in the MoS2 layer is observed via a probe pulse tuned to the MoS2 bandgap. Due to the band lineup, there is an initial rapid transfer of electrons from the graphene into the MoS2 layer, which cannot be well resolved within the 100-fs resolution of the experiment. This work focuses instead on the transfer of thermalized electrons back from the MoS2 to the graphene layer, as the system returns to equilibrium. The dynamics of the back transfer are found to be nonexponential and, for times after carrier cooling is complete (≳5 ps), can only be fit using a Porter-Thomas distribution of the charge transfer rates, indicating that the MoS2 states are localized by disorder and that the interlayer transfer process is dominated by random coupling.
Tuning interactions in reconfigurable kagome artificial spin ices for magnonics
Authors: Bhat V. S. , Grundler D.
Published: August 2021

We report broadband spin-wave spectroscopy on kagome artificial spin ices (KASIs) made of large arrays of disconnected Ni81Fe19 400-nm-long nanobars. We observed spin wave spectra that varied characteristically upon the separation between neighboring nanobars. The dipolar coupling within the KASI is analyzed in terms of a configuration-dependent bias field. It varies between about 30 and 40 mT for nearest-neighbor separations of 300 and 60 nm, respectively. Similarly to interconnected KASIs, we reprogram the spin wave spectra by means of a specific field protocol. The disconnected KASIs are promising for reprogramable spin wave guiding in underlayers.
Experimental Validation of Quantum Circuit Rules in Molecular Junctions
Authors: Gorenskaia Elena , Naher Masnun , Daukiya Lakshya , Moggach Stephen A. , Costa Milan David , Vezzoli Andrea , Lambert Colin J. , Nichols Richard J. , Becker Thomas , Low Paul J.
Published: August 2021

A series of diarylacetylene (tolane) derivatives functionalised at the 4- and 4′-positions by thiolate, thioether, or amine groups capable of serving as anchor groups to secure the molecules within a molecular junction have been prepared and characterised. The series of compounds have a general form X-B-X, Y-B-Y, and X-B-Y where X and Y represent anchor groups and B the molecular bridge. The single-molecule conductance values determined by the scanning tunnelling microscope break-junction method are found to be in excellent agreement with the predictions made on the basis of a recently proposed ‘molecular circuit law’, which states ‘the conductance CH21136_IE1.gif of an asymmetric molecule X-B-Y is the geometric mean CH21136_IE2.gif of the conductance of the two symmetric molecules derived from it, CH21136_IE3.gif and CH21136_IE4.gif.’ The experimental verification of the circuit law, which holds for systems in which the constituent moieties X, B, and Y are weakly coupled and whose conductance takes place via off-resonance tunnelling, gives further confidence in the use of this relationship in the design of future compounds for use in molecular electronics research.
Morphology, Topography and Wettability of CP-Ti after Anodization Process for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Najim A N , Mohammed M T , Albozahid M A
Published: August 2021

Titanium (Ti) is widely applied for biomedical implants owing to its exceptional properties such as biocompatibility, corrosion behavior and wear resistance. However, these implants may undergo from some unfavorable results coming from the lack of their surface properties. Therefore, the development of required surface properties of Ti implants is an important issue. In particular, Ti dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes (NTs) have displayed auspicious features to modulate the biological responses of Ti. In this study, the anodization process was carried out onto the surface of commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) substrate in an electrolyte contains a 0.8M NaF in 1M H3PO4 at constant applied voltage of 10 V for 30, 90, and 150 min. The structure and morphology, topography, along with adhesion strength of both non-anodized and anodized Ti samples have been investigated
Electrical treeing behavior in XLPE insulation due to content AL2O3 nanoparticles
Authors: Mohamed T J , Faraj S R , Judran H K
Published: August 2021

XLPE is currently commonly used in high voltage underground cables. Several researchers recently chose several nanofillers to improve the electric tree’s strength in the polymer matrix. Alumina AL2O3 nanofiller have been utilized to investigate the effects on the electrical treeing in XLPE. The percentage concentration were used as follows with different amounts “0.3wt.” % and “1wt.”% from weight of base material. The needle-plane electrodes were used in this investigation and gap selected between needle and plane earth is 3 mm. The growth and morphology of treeing in XLPE insulation have been observed by using charge coupled device camera CCDc and microscope system. Scanning of electron microscopes SEM has been investigated the nanoparticles spread in base material. The outcomes show the tree inception voltage TIV values 12.5, and 14.8 KV “0.3wt.” % and “1wt.”%, respectively in XLPE composites that is mean the TIV increase with increase concentration nanofiller, while the tree propagation time at 2mm length increase about 40 min and 2 hours in “0.3wt.” % and “1wt.”% AL2O3/XLPE, respectively compared with unfilled XLPE, as well as the breakdown time BDT enhancement by4.347% and 13.043% for 0.3wt% and 1 wt% nano AL2O3 composites compared with unfilled XLPE insulation. And showed pictures taken with a SEM Diffusion and accumulation of nanoparticles in the XLPE material.
Study the effect of Crystallization Factors on the Mechanical Properties of Semi - Crystalline Polymers for Transport Applications
Authors: Degheim Kawthar kareem , Ameer Saad Najm Abdul , Hussein Asra Ali
Published: August 2021

Polyether ether ketone and which combined with carbon fiber by 20% and 30% as reinforcement which purchased from a company Tangyin Sanyou Engineering Plastic Co. Itd/China. the degree of crystallization An significant role in semi-crystalline thermoplastics is played by (e.g. toughness, stiffness and solvent resistance). Primary aim of this work is to use density, DSC and FTIR to Research into the various induced degrees of crystallinity in PEEK composites Strengthened with carbon fiber (CF). In this research, three sheets were used: virgin poly ether ether ketone (PEEK), (PEEK+20 percent carbon fiber), and (PEEK+30 percent carbon fiber). the samples’ mechanical and thermal properties produced ones were examined and compared in this study. The density test findings displayed a rise in crystallinity levels by (35.9, 54.4, 88.2) respectively, But a decrease in the degree of crystallinity when examining by DSC. The mechanical properties such as Tensile strength, Young’s module and impact strength It showed an improvement in properties with an increase in the percentage of reinforcement with CF. In addition, FTIR for pure PEEK, (PEEK+ 20 percent CF) and (PEEK+30 percent CF) is found to induce minor shafting in peaks by adding 30 percent of carbon fibers and does not cause new peaks to appear and this suggests that there is no chemical reaction between the fibers and the PEEK matrix.
Comprehensive Review on Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Techniques
Authors: Gabir Mustafa M. , Alkhafaji Dhirgham
Published: August 2021

The heat exchanger is a thermal device use for heat exchange between higher fluid temperature to lower fluid temperature. Growing need to improve the heat exchangers effectiveness and develop a broad range of investigations for enhancement heat transfer rate along with minimizing the size and cost of the industrial apparatus accordingly. The purpose of the present work to review the articles that related to major types of double pipe heat exchanger and factor effect on heat transfer rate and pressure drop the double pipe heat exchanger considers one of the apparatuses which are used in among industries. Researchers proposed several models of double pipe heat exchanger heat exchangers. Double pipe heat exchangers are used in many industrial processes, cooling technology, refrigeration device, sustainable energy applications and another field. Different classification of Double pipe heat exchangers includes parallel, counter and cross flow. Research operate were also conducted to improve the effectiveness of Double pipe heat exchangers by using turbulators, inserts, rips at both ends, modifying the geometry of channels, methods of injection fluids and, etc. This study reported various research works of Double pipe heat exchangers research works in a technique to satisfy the right effectiveness deciding parameter.
FPGA Realization of ANFIS Controller Using a Proposed Digital Design
Authors: Issa Abbas H. , Gitaffa Sabah A. , Humod Abdulrahim Thiab
Published: August 2021

The design and realization of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controller based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is presented in this paper. The controller intended to control the temperature of medical oven. A novel design of digital ANFIS is presented here for the implementation process. Different controllers are designed and their results are compared using MATLAB program to show the ANFIS superiority. The designed controllers tested for cell cultures application at 37.5. A reduction is made for the designed digital ANFIS due to the used FPGA limitations. The reduced design minimizes the utilized slices from 366% to 3% and LUTs from 364% to 3%. The reduced design reached an optimum size for this controller to utilize a smallest memory size. A real-time FPGA implementation of the proposed digital ANFIS have been done and verified through Xilinx ISE 14.6 using the VHDL language. The VHDL code for the controller is produced, aggregated and downloaded on the FPGA Spartan 3A/AN FPGA kit. A comparison between the simulation and implementation results is made. The matching between these results proves the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed digital ANFIS and the excellent performance of the FPGA based controller.
The role of energy management system in performance improvement of Iraqi oil companies
Authors: Najy Raqeyah Jawad
Published: August 2021

Oil is one of the important sources of the economy in all countries, and everyone is interested in the slogan of energy conservation and rationalization. Energy saving and energy conservation are also linked to natural issues, particularly those identified with environmental change and high temperatures, and this implies the requirement for a fair response. Despite the distinction in the requirement for energy every once in a while. Research aims to improve performance. Oil companies using energy management systems. Oil companies in Iraq whose work is characterized by a technical nature were searched, and a rigorous and tested questionnaire was used to collect data. Bodies and divisions of the Iraqi Oil Companies, which are directly related to the topic of the research, and a random sample was chosen from the community. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are (an integration formula between energy management systems can be developed to be used to improve the quality of performance of oil companies).
Enhancement behavior of reinforced concrete beam with transverse holes under combined twisting and bending using steel fiber
Authors: Jasim Mustafa Hamid , Ali Al-Salim Nabeel Hasan
Published: August 2021

Openings in beams cause load path and stress discontinuities. Several research experiments have been conducted in recent years to improve the area surrounding the opening using various techniques. In this research investigate the effect of hybrid concrete (normal concrete and steel fiber reinforced concrete) on the beams with transfer opening subject to combined loading (torsion and bending). Six specimens of reinforced concrete beams with the same dimension and reinforcement were tested. The variable where distance of hybrid area around opening (150, 225, 450 and 1500) mm. The opening in reference concrete beams was decrease in the ultimate twisting moment (18.28%) with respect to solid one (without opening). The ultimate twisting moment increases by (32-68%) as steel fiber reinforced concrete is used around the opening. Simultaneously, the twist angle was increased by about (27.6- 46.7%). In addition, relative to the control specimen, the first crack was delayed by bout (41.6-75) %.
Non-linear behavior of composite two way slab with screws as shear connectors under equivalent uniform distributed repeated load
Authors: Abd Naba’a Hakim , Alwash Nameer A.
Published: August 2021

The research studies experimentally behavior of composite two-way slab that consist of flat steel plate and concrete with screws as shear connectors. The screws differ in length and diameter with distributed of them according to shear stresses [dense distribution nearest from support] and by using the same weight of screws in each slab (819±8) g.

Six composite slabs was cast in this work and tested under equivalent uniform distributed repeated load [EUDRL]. The various parameters were investigated in this work including the diameter of screws (6.3, 4.2, 3.5) mm and length of screw (25 and 12.5) mm.

The results of the present experimental study demonstrated that the composite slab with diameter of screws (4.2mm) and length (12.5mm) is the best among others composite slab in this work. The strength of the best tested composite slab (using screws of (4.2mm diameter and 12.5mm length) is closed to that of reinforced concrete slab (R/C) with difference about (7.1%). On other hand, the ductility of composite slab is better than of (R/C) slab by about (6.7% to 24.74%).
Experimental study: scour interference between vertical-wall abutment and two shape of bridge piers
Authors: Muhsen N A , Khassaf S I
Published: August 2021

Local scour considered as one of the main hazard factors that damaging bridges and in order to understand and controlling this problem, numerous researchers investigated its impact around pier or abutment in isolation but few take into account the consequences of pier proximity to abutment. This study aims to show the effect of pier-abutment scour interference. Under clear-water conditions, laboratory experiments were conducted utilizing vertical-wall abutment and two shape of pier (rectangular and ogival) at three different spacing (23.75, 16 and 9cm), and the influence of other parameters on reducing scouring process were also investigated. Approximately all results showed the increasing in pier scour depth with decreasing in abutment scour depth when reducing the spacing between them, where the maximum pier readings of scour depth was recorded at the smallest spacing. Also, scour increased with increasing flow intensity, Froude number and decreasing flow depth. Moreover, the maximum scour depth caused by rectangular shape was more than ogival shape by percentage about 11%.
Investigation the Mechanical Properties of 2024AA of Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Abed Atheer Najm , Sadiq Ghanim Sh.
Published: August 2021

The 2024AA has good mechanical properties and used for many application, there was many research in the field of friction stir welding in past 20 years age, now many research focusing in the friction stir processing technology which has many advantage according to the mechanical properties investigation, in this paper comparing the 2024AA base metal with friction stir process 2024AA with different feed rate and rotation speed, the feed rate that has been used is (20, 35, 50 mm/min), although in the rotation speed (1400, 2000 rpm) where used. The mechanical properties has been investigate, the hardness has been tested in different location. The tensile strength in 2024AA has been found 460 MPa, as comparing with 35, 1400 friction stir processing the ultimate tensile stress found to be 420 MPa so that percentage of improving 9.5 %. The flexural stress in 2024AA has been found 828 MPa as comparing with 35, 1400 friction stir processing the flexural stress found to be 745 MPa so that percentage of improving 11.1 %.
Effect of friction crush welding parameters on the properties of welded joints of C1020 copper sheet
Authors: Jomah A S , Subhi A D , Hashim F A
Published: August 2021

Challenges in joining sheet metals can be encountered using traditional friction welding and the solution is achieved by friction crush welding. In this work, the influence of flanged edge heights (2, 2.5 and 3 mm) and gaps (0.5 and 1 mm) between Cu sheets of Cu-Cu joints on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The welding experiments were performed using tool rotational speed of 1500 rpm and feed rate of 150 mm/min. Optical microscope, SEM, hardness and tensile tests were used to evaluate Cu-Cu joints successfully. The results indicated that the significant characteristics of Cu-Cu joints were obtained using 2.5 mm flanged edge height and 0.5 mm gap between Cu sheets. These characteristics were 66 HV hardness and 118 MPa tensile strength. Fracture surface analysis of FCWed joints indicated the brittle-ductile mixed fracture mechanism.
Modification of Corrosion and Mechanical Behaviour of Cu-Zn-Al Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Haleem Ali Hubi , Khulief Zuheir Talib , Kadhim Israa Nayyef
Published: August 2021

shape memory alloys (SMAs) exhibit an interesting research topic. The currentss limitationss to thes SMAsss is thats the cost of SMAss, mades outs ofs expensive elements such as Ni and Ti. In this work, the influence of different amount of nickel (Ni), boron (B), and boron oxide (B6O) additionss ons the structure, mechanicalss, electrochemical, and tribological behaviourss of Cu - Zn - Alss SMAsss have been investigateds.

Cu–25Zn–4Al SMAs were produced by powder metallurgy technique with and without the addition of 0.5, 0.7, and 1 wt.% of Ni or B. After mixing the powders for 4hr, the alloys were prepared using 675MPa compact pressure. The alloys were subjected to sintering process in vacuum tube furnace with three stepsss. For microstructural and phases characterisation of alloyss withs and withouts the additions of elements (Ni, B), optical microscopy (OM), scanningss electronss microscopyss (SEM), and XRD diffractions analysiss weres carrieds outs. The transformation temperatures of alloys with and without the addition of elements (Ni, B) were measured by differentials scannings calorimetrys (DSC). The shape memory properties of alloyss withs and withouts the additions of elements (Ni, B) were investigated using shape memory effect test (SME). Electrochemical corrosion tests for alloys with and without the addition of elements (Ni, B) were carried out using potentiodynamic polarization technique. XRD and microstructural analysis showed that all alloys compositions consisted of the predominating Cu5Zn8 phase. The results of transformation temperatures showed that the Ni and B additions have strong influences ons the transformations temperaturess of Cu – Zn – Al SMAs.

The results of electrochemical corrosion tests showed that an increased in Ni or B content up to 1wt. % improved the corrosions resistances of the unmodified Cu – Zn – Als SMA in 3.5 NaCls. In the second part, the influence of different amount (1,3, and 5 wt. %) of boron oxide (B6O) additionss ons the mechanicalss and tribology properties of Cu – Zn – Als SMAsss with the addition of 1wt.% Ni or 1wt.% B has been investigated. s Hardness measurements was usedss to assessss the mechanicalss propertiesss of 1, 3, and 5 wt.% B6O modified Cu – Zn – Al – Ni or Cu – Zn – Al – B alloy compositions. Wet sliding wear process was investigated for 1, 3, and 5 wt.% B6O modified Cu – Zn – Al – Nis or Cu – Zn – Als – B alloy compositions in distilled water at 2, 5, and 10 N normal load at room temperature. The resultss of hardness measurements show that an increase in B6O content up to 3 wt.% improved the hardness of Cu – Zn – Als – Ni and Cu – Zn – Als – B SMAss. The tribological results show that the wear resistance of Cu – Zn – Als – Ni and Cu – Zn – Al – B SMAs exhibiteds the best results with 3 wt. % of B6O addition. Further increase or decreases of B6O contents decreases the wears resistances of the alloys.
Performance Comparison of Reactive Power Control Methods of Photovoltaic Micro-inverter
Authors: Noori Farah T. , Hassan Turki K.
Published: August 2021

Photovoltaic power generation becomes an important technology in recent year, because of its advantages such as clean energy, pollution reduction, no gas emissions, maintenance and operation requirements are low. So it is a new path for generating electric power. This paper will study the performance comparison of two photovoltaic systems of three-phase grid-connected micro-inverter and study their design methods of reactive power control. The first design is suggested that the photovoltaic PV system based on an interleaved DC-DC boost type converter with its maximum power point tracking control (MPPT) for each boost converter. A voltage source inverter type (VSI) is used as a three-phase micro-inverter. By controlling the direct and quadrature components of inverter output currents, reactive power controlling is achieved at 90.76% efficiency. The second design is suggested that the photovoltaic panel is connected DC-DC converter of an interleaved flyback type. Each sub-converter is controlled by an individual (MPPT). The circuit of active third-harmonic current injection in recent years have received much interest, this technique contributed to get better quality of current injected into the utility grid and to control the reactive power with good efficiency 95.07%. A line-commutate current source inverter type (CSI) with filter is used. The developed micro-inverter of (1000W) offers an expanded range of reactive power control with balanced three-phase output power. Each system design in this study has proven its effectiveness in obtaining control of reactive power and nearly sinusoidal three-phase output currents. The effectiveness of the suggested systems are clarified by using the MATLAB Simulink program and the results of the simulation show the validity of the suggested micro-inverter system.
A Pre-authorization Algorithm for WiMAX Network to Reduce Handover Signaling
Authors: Saheb Huda H , Hamza Bashar J , Al-Baghdadi Ahmed F
Published: August 2021

IEEE 802.16e is a platform capable of meeting those standards in modern wireless networks that demand broad bandwidth and high-speed mobility. One of the most significant problems with IEEE 802.16e is that although the handover technology provides smooth high volume data services at a high speed scale, it only specifies a mechanism without including precise methods or algorithms for handover that can be delegated. Another issue is handover signaling during the re-entry process when a mobile station requests access to the next possible base station. This paper proposes PAA (Pre-Authorization Algorithm) which accepts incoming requests quickly because it already has the incoming request’s information saved. PAA reduces call dropping for high speed users at the edge of cell and mitigates the ping-pong effect. Finally MATLAB was used to present the results that shows reducing in signaling time.
The Heat Transfer from Fined Perforated Pipe Improved due to Nano-Fluid
Authors: Sallal Ali Sami , Smaisim Ghassan F. , Thahab S.M.
Published: August 2021

In this research, experimental and numerical investigates were conducted on the effect of adding Nano fluid (α −AL2O3, γ − AL2O3, CuO) with different concentrations (1 %, 3%, and 5%) on the thermal properties of water. The heat exchanger system was designed with fin types with different holes (circular, triangular, elliptical and without holes). Thermal properties such as thermal conductivity, viscosity, specific heat, heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, Reynolds number have been studied experimentally and numerically. The results showed that the thermal properties increase with increasing the concentrations of nanomaterials and the Nusselt number increases with the increase of Reynolds number, and that the best type of fin is the fins with triangular holes. Copper oxide is the best at concentration (5%).Numerical simulation carried out on present heat exchange using consul computational fluid dynamic (CFD) the comparison between experimental and numerical results showed good.
a single-branch impedance compression network (icn) optimized by particle swarm optimization algorithm for rf energy harvesting system
Authors: Aliwi Sarah , Al-Khafaji Nasr , Al-Battat Hayder
Published: August 2021

Most previous works regarding the impedance compression network ICNs reported in the literature consist of dual branches to carry out the compression functionalities. Although this type of circuits are efficient, they are complex and have large sizes. This work proposes a complex impedance compression network with only a single branch for wireless power transfer (WPT) circuits, operating at 2.4GHz under a wide input power range and a variable load. The design size is about 4x4.2mm2 which thereby, produces a simple, and small design. The simulation results demonstrate that the improvement in efficiency is by 10%, as compared to a design without ICN. The improvement can increased by utilizing the particle swarm optimization PSO algorithm where the best dimensions of the ICN components will be selected relying on the suitable fitness function in the PSO algorithm to the given desired goals. The impedance matching is also enhanced in which it stands behind the conversion efficiency increment. The circuit size is very slightly increased and it becomes 4.2x4.3mm2. The final design has a conversion efficiency about 76%, with more than 15% improvement to a design with only a matching circuit or without using the automation techniques. Eventually, results show that the enhancement is obtained not only the designated input power but also along a range of the input power.
Corrosion behavior of aluminum alloys 2024 and 6061 in rainwater
Authors: Mohammed Saraa M. , Mahdi Sahib M.
Published: August 2021

In the present work the corrosion behavior of both aircraft aluminum alloy 2024 and 6061 were studied by cyclic polarization test in Rainwater, before and after heat treatment at room temperature (25 °C). The corrosion resistance of both alloys decreases after these alloys were solution treatment at a temperature of 495 °C for 2hr for AA2024 alloy and artificial aging at temperature (150, 200, 250, and 300 °C) for 1 and 2 hours this decreasing was from 1.767× 10−3 to 1.031× 10−3 mm/y, and for solution treatment at a temperature of 530 °C for 2hr for AA6061 alloy and artificial aging at temperature (150, 200, 250 and 300 °C) for 1 and 2 hours this decreasing 6.279× 10−3 to 1.204× 10−3 mm/y.
Coating Process on Inconel Super alloy Substrates: A Review
Authors: Jasim Ahlam Hamid , Abid-Ali Abdul Raheem K. , Mahboubi Farzad
Published: August 2021

This study reviews a variety of coating types, which include, alloys, nickel, palladium, nickel alloys and composite coatings, on the super-alloy substrates with the use if the Slurry Coating- approach. Attempts have been performed for representing a general view of the conditions of plating and highlighting the significance of the layer concerning the efficiency of the high-temperature coatings that are applied on the super alloys that are utilized extensively on the components of the gas-turbine.
Induction Surface Hardening: a review
Authors: Aswad Mokhalad F. , Mohammed Aseel J. , Faraj Sahar R.
Published: August 2021

One of the methods of surface hardening the majority extensively used surface hardening procedure which can be used in many metals in their entirety in today’s applications. Induction coil is concentrated to the localized area where the necessary piece is hardened of the material. A high inductance coil is used to heat the surface of steel into the austenitic region. High heat transformation rates result in instant quenching by oil, resulting in a steep temperature gradient. This method necessitates external quenching because it induces phase conversion from austenite to martensite. This review paper ensures an overview of the principles of induction surface hardening, as well as some of its advantages over traditional hardening techniques. The results of experiments and computational approaches reported by different researchers are discussed.
High-Frequency Transformer Design with Hollow Core for Solid State Transformer
Authors: Obaid Haitham A , Ameen Yasir M Y
Published: August 2021

Solid-state transformer (SST) is one of the new technologies that has kept pace with the development of renewable energy sources such as the solar energy and wind turbines. The SST consists of a high-frequency (HF) transformer and power electronic converter at both ends of the HF transformer. Despite the high efficiency of the traditional transformers, is they are quite large in size and also very heavy. In order to reduce the size and weight of the transformers, SST is used as an alternative for the conventional transformer which also brings along other advantages. The type of core material, the type of wire used, and the method of winding the coils on the HF transformer core affects the core losses, copper losses, the cost, efficiency, and power density of the HF transformer. In this paper a new method has been proposed to form the core of the HF transformer used in SST where a hollow core is used, thus reducing the size and weight of the HF transformer along with the reduction in the core loss. The proposed core is designed using ANSYS Maxwell 3D software in addition to calculating the inductance matrix and the coupling coefficient. Finally, the proposed model of a high-frequency transformer was simulated using MATLAB Simulink software.