bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual-Stream Contrastive Learning for Channel State Information Based Human Activity Recognition
Authors: Xu Ke , Wang Jiangtao , Zhang Le , Zhu Hongyuan , Zheng Dingchang
Published: March 2022

WiFi-based human activity recognition (HAR) has been extensively studied due to its far-reaching applications in health domains, including elderly monitoring, exercise supervision, rehabilitation monitoring, etc. Although existing supervised deep learning techniques have achieved remarkable performances for these tasks, they are however data-hungry and hence are notoriously difficult due to the privacy and incomprehensibility of WiFi-based HAR data. Existing contrastive learning models, which are mainly designed for computer vision, cannot guarantee their performance on channel state information (CSI) data.

To this end, we propose a new dual-stream contrastive learning model, that can process and learn the raw WiFi CSI data in a self-supervised manner. More specifically, our proposed method, coined as DualConFi, takes raw WiFI CSI data as input and consists of a channel stream and a temporal stream to learn highly-discriminative spatiotemporal features under mutual information constraint using unlabeled data. We demonstrate the efficacy of our model on three publicly available CSI data sets in various experiment settings, including linear evaluation, semi-supervised, and transfer learning. We show that DualConFi is able to perform favorably against challenging baselines in each setting. Moreover, by studying the effects of different transform functions on CSI data, we finally verify the effectiveness of highly-discriminative features.
Learning to Cooperate: A Hierarchical Cooperative Dual Robot Arm Approach for Underactuated Pick-And-Placing
Authors: De Witte Sander , Van Hauwermeiren Thijs , Lefebvre Tom , Crevecoeur Guillaume
Published: March 2022

Cooperative multi-agent manipulation systems allow to extend on the manipulative limitations of individual agents, increasing the complexity of the manipulation tasks the ensemble can handle. Controlling such a system requires meticulous planning of subsequent subtasks, queried to the individual agents, in order to execute the master task successfully. Real-time planning is essential to ensure the task can still be achieved when subtasks execution suffers from uncertainty or when the master task changes intermittently requiring real-time reconfiguration of the plan. In this work we develop a supervisory control architecture tailored to the cooperation of two robotic manipulators equipped with standard pick-and-place facilities in the plane. We consider a toy task description where we control the planar position and orientation of an object. A time-invariant policy function is trained using deep reinforcement learning, which can determine a finite sequence pick-and-place maneuvers to manipulate the object into its desired configuration. A comparison is made between two strategies, with the distinction made based on different treatments of the final step. The more information is given to the policy the easier it trains. In return, it becomes less adaptable and loses some of its generalizability.
Simulation of electrooptical measurements of prebreakdown electric fields in water. Part 2. Electric field near cathode streamer
Authors: Yassinskiy Vladimir , Kuznetsova Yulia , Korobeynikov Sergey , Vagin Denis
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we continue the analysis of
electrooptical studies of the prebreakdown stage in water in the submicrosecond
range. We consider a cathode streamer developing in a system of the spherical
electrodes. Computer simulation of electric showed that at a constant e = 80, the field strength at the head of the
cathode streamer should not exceed E = 1.9 MV/cm. Taking into account the
nonlinearity of the permittivity e = e(E) made it possible to estimate this field
strength as E ~ 2.4-3.1 MV/cm. It is shown that even with some excess of the
strength over the threshold value (ES ~ 3 MV/cm), at which the state
of dipole saturation is possible; its consideration does not lead to a
noticeable change in the result. Thus, a significant decrease in the field
strength near the cathode streamer compared to the anode streamer was confirmed.
Dual-Beam Intelligent Reflecting Surface for Millimeter and THz Communications
Authors: Jiang Wei , Schotten Hans Dieter
Published: March 2022

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a cost-efficient technique to improve power efficiency and spectral efficiency. However, IRS-aided multi-antenna transmission needs to jointly optimize the passive and active beamforming, imposing a high computational burden and high latency due to its iterative optimization process. Making use of hybrid analog-digital beamforming in high-frequency transmission systems, a novel technique, coined dual-beam IRS, is proposed in this paper. The key idea is to form a pair of beams towards the IRS and user, respectively. Then, the optimization of passive and active beamforming can be decoupled, resulting in a simplified system design. Simulation results corroborate that it achieves a good balance between the cell-edge and cell-center performance. Compared with the performance bound, the gap is moderate, but it remarkably outperforms other sub-optimal schemes.
Novel Quality Measure and Efficient Resolution of Convex Hull Pricing for Unit Commitment
Authors: Bragin Mikhail , Luh Peter , Yan Bing , Zheng Tongxin , Schiro Dane A. , Zhao Feng , Zhao Jinye
Published: March 2022

Electricity prices determined from economic
dispatch without considering fixed costs may cause high uplift payments. With
fixed costs, however, a price is not a monotonic function of demand, affecting
market transparency. To overcome these, convex hull (CH) pricing has recently
been introduced for unit commitment with fixed costs. Several CH pricing
methods were presented, and a feasible cost was used to quantify the CH price
quality. The associated difficulties are 1. high computational effort required
to obtain a feasible cost and 2. the associated duality gap may not be tight
enough to provide accurate measure. In this paper, a novel measure to quantify
the quality of CH prices is presented by establishing an upper bound to the
optimal dual value approaching it from above. Near-optimal CH prices are
efficiently obtained by using Surrogate Lagrangian Relaxation (SLR), meanwhile,
the upper bound decreases fast due to convergence of SLR. Testing results on
the IEEE 118-bus system without transmission capacities indicate that the novel
quality measure reaches a value of less than 0.1% in seconds – much more
accurate and faster than the measure provided by a feasible cost –
demonstrating the high quality of the upper bound and the efficiency of SLR.
Meeting a Learned Society: The Archaeology of ASOR as Reflected in its Annual Meeting, Boston 2017
Authors: Kletter Raz
Published: March 2022

This article is a study of the ASOR society, based on a database compiled from the 2017 annual meeting at Boston, one of the largest meetings in its history. Such a study has not been performed before. We study the research of ASOR as represented in the meeting by the roles of the scholar-members (poster presenters, lecture presenters, and session chairs), their research subjects (geographic areas, periods, and topics), and their affiliations (gender and institutions). The analysis leads to several questions – and conclusions – about Archaeology in the Ancient Near East (ANE). Despite important progress by ASOR (e.g., in addressing gender), ANE archaeology is still a privilege of the ‘west’. Rarely a ‘local’ scholar spices up the discussions. Modern politics and ideologies determine what areas are studied and what topics of research are ‘in’. Political neutrality is proclaimed, but not achieved, in the spaces of the meeting. The aim of the article is to foster discussion about these systematic issues, which do not have easy solutions. By presenting quantified data, they can no longer be dismissed as unsubstantiated, personal impressions.
An Unexpected Journey - The French Expedition of Charles Fossey at Hatra (Iraq)
Authors: Foietta Enrico
Published: March 2022

This paper deals with the overlooked French Expedition of the famous architect Charles Fossey at the end of the 19th century at Hatra (Northern Iraq) using information of unpublished documents from the Archive Nationale de France. The collected data shed new light on the understanding of Small Shrine 2, one of the fourteen small shrines built inside the districts of the city.
Ebla between the Early and Middle Bronze Ages: A Précis (and Some New Data)
Authors: D'Andrea Marta
Published: March 2022

The discoveries of the 2004-2008 excavations at Tell Mardikh, ancient Ebla, in north-western Syria, and the following processing of the archaeological record have allowed for a re-examination the site’s trajectory between Early Bronze IVB and Middle Bronze I. Not only it was possible to gain a clearer picture of the site’s trajectory during Early Bronze IVB, the phase following the demise of Ebla’s Early Bronze IVA kingdom, but also to re-investigate how the site transitioned from the Early to the Middle Bronze Age at a deeper chronological scale, which was hampered before by the lack of sufficient stratified data. Moving from these insights, this paper offers a summary of the state of research on Ebla between the Early and the Middle Bronze Ages and proposes some ideas concerning this critical nexus in the site’s development. Moreover, unpublished stratified ceramic data are presented and examined that might allow current synchronisms between Ebla, the Middle Euphrates, and the Syrian Jazirah between the late 3rd and the early 2nd millennium BC to be re-considered, and to shed light on the site’s participation and role in region-wide processes that were taking place between the 3rd and the 2nd millennium BC. This way, this crucial connection in the developmental trajectory of Ebla and in the study of ancient Syria will be re-analysed offering insights into archaeology, chronology, and history.
Thury Zsuzsa és az erdélyi magyar irodalom
Authors: Balázs Imre József
Published: March 2022

Thury Zsuzsa (1901-1989) neve sokak számára talán ifjúsági regények budapesti szerzőjeként a legismerősebb. Kevésbé közismertek életművének Erdélyhez kötődő szálai, noha kapcsolathálójában jelen vannak a két világháború közötti erdélyi irodalom legjelentősebb szerzői, és ő maga is publikált szépirodalmi műveket fontos kolozsvári könyvsorozatokban és kiadványokban. Az életmű erdélyi vonatkozásainak összegzése az intézményes kapcsolódás ténye mellett a két világháború közötti erdélyi nőírószerep vizsgálata miatt is külön figyelmet érdemel. A reprezentatív erdélyi íróközösség, a helikoni írótársaság tagnévsorát és a szerzői életutakat tanulmányozva ugyanis kiderül, hogy a névsorban szereplő három írónő közül ketten (P. Gulácsy Irén és [Szentmihályiné] Szabó Mária) már a húszas évek folyamán, az alapítás után nem sokkal elhagyják Erdélyt, és a magyarországi irodalmi életbe kapcsolódnak be – a helikoni íróközösség egyetlen női tagjaként így Berde Máriát tarthatjuk számon hosszabb távon. Az, hogy a körrel kapcsolatba kerülő további írónők hogyan látták ennek az időszaknak az irodalmát, kulturális életét, fontos lehet a korszak alternatív irodalomtörténeteinek megkonstruálásakor. Feltételezhető, hogy e vizsgálódás során olyan részletek és összefüggések kerülhetnek előtérbe, amelyek korábbi összegzések során elkerülték az irodalomtörténészek figyelmét. Tanulmányomban Thury Zsuzsa pályájának és élettörténetének néhány olyan állomását emelem ki, amelyek egy majdani, részletesebb vizsgálódás során megkerülhetetlen csomópontjai lehetnek egy Thury-pályarajznak.
Lefele igazodj! : Térképzetek a trianoni változást tematizáló magyar regényekben
Authors: Vallasek Júlia
Published: March 2022

Az első világháborút lezáró Párizs környéki békeszerződések eredményeként bekövetkező hatalomváltások az új fennhatóság alá került állampolgárok számára a köztesség egy olyan sajátos állapotát teremtették meg, amelyben a szülőföld, mint fizikai tér az állandóságot, biztonságot jelentette ugyan, ám annak kontextusa megváltozott. Az ismerős tér új értelmezésre szorult, annak belakása, ha úgy tetszik otthonossá tétele már sajátos, új identitások, illetve ezzel párhuzamosan új értékrendek felállítását követelte meg. Előadásomban azt vizsgálom, hogyan jeleníti meg a kommunikatív emlékezet az 1920-as politikai változást, hogyan válik a tér idegenné majd szelídül újra otthonná a 20-as, 30-as évek olyan regényeiben, amelyekben a szülőföldön való maradás és a társadalmi deklasszálódás kérdése összefonódik.
Atuação da enfermagem junto a grupos de convivência com idosos: Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Kleinpaul Vicentini Andréa Cristina , Silva da Rocha Tanaka Ana Karina , Rigon Dalla Nora Carlise , Dalla Lana Letice , Soares Paczek Rosaura , Sordi Matzenbacher Lisiane Paula
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Descrever a atuação da enfermagem junto a grupos de convivência com pessoas idosas por meio de publicações científicas. Métodos: Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS e BDENF entre maio e junho de 2021, os dados foram apresentados por meio de síntese e com a interlocução das informações sintetizadas. Resultados: Foram incluídos nove estudos com duas áreas de discussão: “Atuação do enfermeiro para o autocuidado em grupos de convivência a idosos” e “Atuação do enfermeiro em atividades educativas em grupos de convivência à idosos”. Conclusão: Ações voltadas para o autocuidado e a educação em saúde como estratégias de empoderamento dos idosos. Os enfermeiros devem desenvolver uma atuação voltada para a promoção da saúde, prevenção de agravos e manutenção da capacidade funcional. Mas também se faz necessário um olhar holístico, sistêmico, capaz de ver o ser humano de forma integral.
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (eCO) and Serum CC16 Levels in Active Smokers
Authors: Sari Fitri Indah , Astuti Tri Wahju , Sartono Teguh Rahayu , Duta Garinda Alma
Published: March 2022

Background: Toxic particles within tobacco smoke are responsible for several respiratory system problems. Among these toxic particles is Carbon Monoxide (CO), produced from environment and Heme Oxygenase induction. Expiratory CO levels can be measured using CO analyzer. CC16 is a pneumoprotein produced by club cells in distal respiratory tract. In acute condition, CC16 level will increase to maintain homeostasis and anti-inflammation. In chronic condition, i.e. in smokers, CC16 will decrease, following destruction of Club cell. This study aims to determine exhaled CO (eCO) levels and serum CC16 levels in active smokers. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study design has 40 samples of healthy smokers in Brawijaya University who consents to the research from October 2019 until June 2020. The minimum consumption amount is 1 cigarette per day for at least 1 year. eCO levels are measured using CO analyzer (Smokelyzer), while ELISA is used to measure serum CC16 levels. Results: Among 40 subjects, mean eCO level is 10.18 ± 7.42 ppm. Mean serum CC16 level is 3.17 ± 1.78 ng/mL, lower than normal value of 6.4 ng/mL (Lomas et al., 2008). Conclusion: eCO levels increases and serum CC16 level decreases in active smokers, who smokes at least 1 cigarette/day for at least 1 year. This indicates that CO from tobacco smoke could irritate and damage the Club cells in the respiratory system.
Correlation Between Leukocyte Differential Counts with The Severity and Outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients In Jember
Authors: Raharjo Angga Mardro , Sari Eprila Darma , Mufida Diana Chusna
Published: March 2022

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory disease caused by new strain of RNA viruses named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Hematological changes, especially leukocyte differential counts, presumed to be a predictor of the severity and outcome of COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between leukocyte differential counts with the severity and outcome of COVID-19 patients. Methods: This study was conducted using a cross-sectional analytic observational method, through secondary data analysis of COVID-19 patients who were tested positive by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and hospitalized between April–November 2020 at Citra Husada Jember, Kaliwates Jember, and Jember Klinik Hospital. Results: From 267 patients, there were 139 female patients (52.1%) and 128 male patients (47.9%). There was a positive correlation on leukocytes, neutrophil, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with the severity and outcome of the patients, and negative correlation on eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes (P 0.05) Conclusion: Leukocyte differential counts examination could be a predictor of the severity and outcome of COVID-19 patients, especially neutrophils, lymphocytes, and NLR.
Role of Interventional Radiology in the Management of Massive Hemoptysis
Authors: Sidipratomo Prijo , Sibarani Gabriela Enneria
Published: March 2022

Massive hemoptysis is one of the emergencies in respiratory system, representing hemorrhage of the bronchial or pulmonary vascular system into the respiratory tract. Massive hemoptysis is a life-threatening condition due to high risk of asphyxia it may induce. Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is an interventional radiology procedure dedicated in the emergency management of massive hemoptysis. BAE is known for its great success rate and low risk of complications. Proper catheterization technique, recognition of bronchial artery variant anatomy and appropriate selection of embolic material agent proves essential in determining the success of this procedure. As a minimally invasive procedure, BAE is highly recommended to be used in cases of massive hemoptysis.
Safety of Favipiravir for Treatment of COVID-19: Latest Systematic Review
Authors: Oktarini Rizki , Rozaliyani Anna , Rahmasari Ratika , Alkaff Muhammad , Sauriasari Rani
Published: March 2022

Background: Adverse event studies of favipiravir use in treating COVID-19 have been ongoing since it was established as a treatment option. A better understanding of the side effects of favipiravir from recent studies is important in developing and assessing the recognition of effective treatments for COVID-19. Method: This was a systematic review based on studies and case reports on favipiravir monotherapy in COVID-19. Access to the included studies was gained via PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, SpringerLink, and MedRxiv. Results: Twelve studies consisting of eight studies and four case reports were reviewed. The most common side effects were diarrhea, elevated liver enzyme levels, and hyperuricemia. None of which were significantly different from the comparison. Currently, various adverse event were reported in case reports such as drug fever,acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), and transient increase in viral load. The side effects would mostly be subsided after the treatment was discontinued.Conclusion: The use of favipiravir to treat COVID-19 caused dose-related side effects such as diarrhea, changes in liver enzymes, and increased level of uric acid. There were no serious side effectscompared to other antiviral drugs. To improve the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 therapy, it is important to prepare an incidence report of antiviral adverse events in special populations such as children, pregnant women, and  patients with organ dysfunction.
Impact of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Hospitalization Duration, IL-6 Levels, and Respiratory Muscle Power in Hospitalized Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients
Authors: Santony Santony , Chozin Iin Noor , Sartono Teguh Rahayu , Rahmad Rahmad , Al Rasyid Harun
Published: March 2022

Background: Pneumonia is acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma. The long duration of hospitalization is associated with increased morbidity, nosocomial infections and treatment costs. Methods: The study was conducted from May to November 2019 at Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, with 40 pneumonia patients in the non-intensive community inpatient room divided into 2 groups. The treatment group performed pulmonary rehabilitation measures consisting of breathing exercise, effective coughing techniques, clapping, postural drainage and respiratory muscle training using spirometry incentives. Results: The duration of hospitalization for the treatment group was 2.25 days shorter (p<0.001). The average IL-6 level in the 5th day of the treatment group was lower than without treatment, that was 54.43 pg/ml (p=0.221). The mean of pressure threshold loading in the group without treatment was 31.5 cmH2O on first day and 36.35 cmH2O on the 5th day (p <0.001) and on first day treatment group was 32.9 cmH2O and 39.35 cmH2O on the 5th day (p=0.001), and the mean value of the 5th day of the treatment group was higher than without treatment (P=0.015). the mean of the 5th day of the treatment group was higher than without treatment (p=0.06).Conclusion: Pulmonary rehabilitation as adjunctive therapy shortens the duration of hospitalization. In both groups there was a decrease in IL-6 levels on the 5th day compared to zero and the lower IL-6 levels were not significant in the treatment group. There was a significant increase in the value of pressure threshold loading inspiration and expiration day fivecompared to day zero in the two groups and there was a significant increase in the Pressure Threshold Loading Inspiration mean treatment group compared to no treatment on the 5th day, but the Pressure Threshold Loading Expiration rate showed no significant increase.
Concordance of TST and QFT-Plus, Sensitivity and Specificity of TST and QFT-Plus in Detection of LTBI in MDR TB Contact
Authors: Hardian Rullyano , Reviono Reviono , Kusumo Harsini , Sutanto Yusup Subagio
Published: March 2022

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease and the main cause of world health problems. Not all individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) develop active TB. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a state of persistent immune response to stimulation of the Mtb antigen with no evidence of clinically manifest active TB. Closed contact and household contact with MDR TB patients increases the risk of MDR TB transmission. There is no gold-standard test for LTBI. Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Quantiferon Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) examinations are used for LTBI diagnosis.Methods: A cross-sectional diagnostic test of 32 MDR TB contacts, consisting of 16 household contacts and 16 close contacts, was conducted in April 2020 at Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Hospital.Results: Positive TST results among MDR TB contacts were 18.8%, while QFT-Plus positive was 25%. The concordance level of TST and QFT-Plus was nearly perfect (κ=0.818, p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of QFT-Plus with household contacts as the gold standard were 37.5% and 87.5%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of TST with household contacts as the gold standard were 25% and 87.5%, respectively.Conclusion: The concordance level of TST and QFT-Plus in the detection of LTBI in MDR TB contacts was very good. The TST can be used in place of QFT-Plus although QFT-Plus has better sensitivity. Both tests are useful for confirming TB infections. Both of these tests are not diagnostic, however they can be used to screen for LTBI in MDR TB contacts.
Composition Over Division: The Statutes of the National Forest System
Authors: Colburn Jamison
Published: March 2022

In September 2020, the U.S. Forest Service took the extraordinary step of closing all 18 national forests in California. The risk of catastrophic fire had become so acute that tolerating any human visitors—who could ignite more—was no longer tenable. Damages from the fires of 2020 are still being tallied, but the catastrophe is hard to deny. Five of the state’s six largest fires on record occurred in 2020. Migrating birds dropped from the sky by the thousands from some combination of asphyxiation, exhaustion, and starvation. An estimated 80% of California’s watersheds had recently burned by 2019, leaving them immediately vulnerable to mudslides. The smoke has become the West’s worst air pollution source by far. Proximity to national forests, long what homebuyers craved, is now a grave threat across the West.

The outlines of the problem are apparent in the Forest Service’s budget. In fiscal year (FY) 2020, Congress spent $8.2 billion on the agency, 36% more than in FY 2011 in constant dollars. Almost $5 billion of that was on fire. As more people build in fire-prone areas, more has been and will be spent suppressing fires. A 2011 statute creating a revolving fund has consistently failed to cover those costs—leaving the agency to more borrowing from its regular accounts. The more research that has been done on treating fuels, the more unlikely it appears that we will treat our way out. Congress, it is fair to say, is hemorrhaging money on fire in the national forests with little prospect of improving.
Interstate Pollution and the Quandary of Personal Jurisdiction
Authors: Hobbs Cedar
Published: March 2022

Current Supreme Court personal jurisdiction analysis does not clearly support a finding of personal jurisdiction for out of state polluters in an interstate toxic tort. Still, some courts, including the Ninth Circuit, have attempted to find personal jurisdiction in these cases, but in doing so have employed tenuous analysis that can result in inconsistent case law. This Note argues that there is a better analytical framework which reemphasizes the role played by territorial borders in personal jurisdictional analysis. Through employing this framework, courts can find personal jurisdiction in interstate toxic torts while also preserving analytically consistent case law.
PayPal is New Money: Extending Secondary Copyright Liability Safe Harbors to Online Payment Processors
Authors: Douglas Erika
Published: March 2022

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) has shaped the Internet as we know it. This legislation shields online service providers from secondary copyright infringement liability in exchange for takedown of infringing content of their users. Yet online payment processors, the backbone of $300 billion in U.S. e-commerce, are completely outside of the DMCA’s protection. This Article uses PayPal, the most popular online payment company in the U.S., to illustrate the growing risk of secondary liability for payment processors. First it looks at jurisprudence that expands secondary copyright liability online, and explains how it might be applied to PayPal. Then it considers legislative proposals and industry-self regulation that similarly target an increasing role for payment processors in the fight against online infringement. It argues that the introduction of a DMCA-like safe harbor for online payment processors offers a fairer and more efficient option for all stakeholders than the status quo of gradually expanding liability risk. It concludes with a discussion of important initial considerations in the design of such a safe harbor.
Understanding the Consumer Review Fairness Act of 2016
Authors: Goldman Eric
Published: March 2022

Consumer reviews are vitally important to our modern economy. Markets become stronger and more efficient when consumers share their marketplace experiences and guide other consumers toward the best vendors and away from poor ones. Businesses recognize the importance of consumer reviews, and many businesses take numerous steps to manage how consumer reviews affect their public image. Unfortunately, in a misguided effort to control consumer reviews, some businesses have deployed contract provisions that ban or inhibit their consumers from reviewing them. I call those provisions “antireview clauses.”

Anti-review clauses distort the marketplace benefits society gets from consumer reviews by suppressing peer feedback from prospective consumers, which in turn helps poor vendors stay in business and diminishes the returns that good vendors get from investments in quality (thus degrading their willingness to make those investments).

Recognizing the threats posed by anti-review clauses, Congress banned them in the Consumer Review Fairness Act of 2016 (the CRFA). As the House Report explains, the law seeks “to preserve the credibility and value of online consumer reviews by prohibiting non-disparagement clauses restricting negative, yet truthful, reviews of products and services by consumers.” By doing so, the CRFA protects the production of information that helps marketplaces function more effectively.

This Essay helps readers understand the CRFA. Part I provides some background about anti-review clauses. Part II describes the new law and how it relates to existing law. Part III considers if the law goes far enough to protect consumer reviews. The Essay then has a short conclusion.
Algorithmic Challenges to Autonomous Choice
Authors: Gal Michal
Published: March 2022

We then explore how autonomous algorithmic assistants affect the legal framework. Some issues challenge the very use of algorithmic assistants: Should the law place an age limit on the use of such algorithms? Should legal limits be placed on their use in certain spheres? Other issues arise from the construction of preferences by algorithms. To wit, in a market in which demand is driven by algorithms, can we necessarily regard the choices made as expressions of user preferences that serve our socio-political goals? Even if the answer is positive—does this new mode of user choice fit current legal assumptions, such as those that apply to the notions of consent or intent? And are our regulatory tools, which seek to ensure that individual consumers can make informed decisions, outmoded? It is therefore essential to determine whether the existing legal framework is sufficiently potent to deal with this brave new world, or whether we need new regulatory tools.

Despite their importance and timeliness, these questions have not been dealt with in depth. This article seeks to fill this void. It proceeds as follows. Part II explores the lure and modes of operation of algorithmic assistants, and how these characteristics may affect human choice. Part III then analyzes the rationales for such choice and explores how these rationales are affected by the employment of autonomous algorithmic assistants. As shown, while some rationales are not harmed—and might even be strengthened— by the use of autonomous algorithmic assistants, others challenge us to reconsider the meaning and the role that choice plays in our lives and to deal with the conflict between the efficient fulfillment of short-term preferences and the long-term ability to form such preferences. Part IV analyzes the implications of these new private orderings on regulation, with a special focus on laws based on assumptions of human autonomous decision-making. We summarize our findings in a short conclusion.
TEACHING WRITING SKILLS TO FOUNDATION STUDENTS
Authors: Rommel Pascual Manzon
Published: March 2022

There are many reasons for getting students to write, both in and outside class. Firstly, writing gives them more ‘thinking time’ than they get when they attempt spontaneous conversation. This allows them more opportunity for language processing that is thinking about the language whether they are involved in study or activation. When thinking about writing it is helpful to make a distinction between ‘writing for learning’ and ‘writing for writing’. In the case of the former, writing is used as an aide memoire or practice tool to help students practice and work with language they have been studying. You might, for example, ask a class to write five sentences using a given structure, or using five of the new words or phrases they have been learning. Writing activities like this are designed to give reinforcement to students. This is particularly useful for those who need a mix of visual and kenaesthetics activity. Another kind of writing for learning occurs when you have students write sentences in preparation for some other activity. Here, writing is an enabling activity.
KEYWORDS: Teaching Writing, Writing Effectively, and Paragraph Writing to Foundation Students
Approximation for $q$-Chlodowsky Operators via Statistical Convergence with Respect to Power Series Method
Authors: TAŞER Halime , YURDAKADİM Tuğba
Published: March 2022

Many results which are obtained or unable to obtained by classical calculus have also been studied by q-calculus. It is effective to use q-calculus since it acts as a bridge between mathematics and physics. The q-analog of Chlodowsky operators has been introduced and the approximation properties of these operators have been studied in [12]. Then in [23], the q-analog of Stancu-Chlodowsky operators has been introduced and some approximation results of these operators have been studied via A-statistical convergence which is a more general setting.In this paper, we present the approximation properties of q-Chlodowsky operators via statistical convergence with respect to power series method. It is noteworthy to mention that statistical convergence and statistical convergence with respect to power series method are incompatible.
Classical Conditioning for Pain: The Development of a Customized Single-Case Experimental Design
Authors: De Tumal Kumar , Madden Victoria J.
Published: March 2022

Single-case experiments are increasingly popular in the behavioral sciences. Due to their flexibility, single-case designs can be customized to test a variety of experimental hypotheses. We were interested in using a single-case experimental approach to test whether pain thresholds can be influenced by Pavlovian classical conditioning. Following the example of earlier studies into this topic, we planned to measure whether participants would more frequently report specific electrocutaneous stimuli as painful when they were presented with specific vibrotactile stimuli that had previously been associated with painful electrocutaneous stimuli. First, we decided on a mean difference effect size measure derived from the Sensation and Pain Rating Scale ratings for the electrocutaneous stimuli provided by the participants. Next, we discussed several possible single-case designs and evaluated their benefits and shortcomings. Then,
we ran pilot tests with a few participants based on the possible single-case designs. We also conducted
a simulation study to estimate the power of a randomization test to test our hypothesis using different
values for effect size, number of participants, and number of measurements. Finally, we decided on a
sequentially replicated AB phase design with 30 participants based on the results from the pilot tests
and the power study. We plan to implement this single-case design in a future experiment to test our
hypothesis
Analisis Penerimaan terhadap Penggunaan E-Learning Menggunakan Metode Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
Authors: Maita Idria , Majid Sayogi
Published: March 2022

E-learning  merupakan sistem pembelajaran berbasis jaringan. UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau telah lama memiliki e-learning  yang berbasis Moodle, namun pada saat ini e-learning  UIN Suska Riau digunakan secara masif. Pengguna utama e-learning  ini adalah mahasiswa dan dosen, dalam penggunaan e-learning  terdapat kendala yaitu pengguna kesulitan dalam memahami ﬁtur dan kurangnya sosialisasi dalam penggunaan e-learning. Kendala yang dialami akan mempengaruhi dari penerimaan pengguna e-learning. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penerimaan dari penggunaan e-learning. Metode Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) dapat mengukur tingkat penerimaan pengguna, dalam penelitian ini terdapat tiga variabel metode TAM yang sudah dimodiﬁkasi yaitu variabel persepsi kegunaan (Perceived Usefulness), variabel kemudahan penggunaan (Perceived Easy of Use) dan variabel penerimaan (Acceptance of IT). Sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa 100 orang dan dosen 40 orang, Analisis proses data menggunakan PLS-SEM dengan SmartPLS 3.0. Hasil hipotesis yang diperoleh pada responden dosen dan mahasiswa adalah variabel Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use terdapat pengaruh positif terhadap Acceptance of IT. Kesimpulannya adalah pengguna dapat menerima dari penggunaan e-learning.
Trade Openness and Economic Growth in China and India in Comparative Perspective: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Falendra Kumar Sudan
Published: March 2022

China's economic success has been attributed to export-led growth, while India has used export-led growth and domestic demand-led growth simultaneously. Therefore, both economies can learn from each success in trade performance vis-a-vis economic growth. The paper intends to analyze trade openness and economic growth performance in comparative perspective of China and India and draws policy implications using data triangulation methods. The study reveals that Trade openness ratio stood at 35.4% and 31.9% respectively in China and India in 2018, which reflects narrowing down in trade-GDP ratio in two economies. China recorded simple exports-GDP ratio at 20.5% and 42.34% respectively in 2000 and 2010 compared to India's corresponding figures at 9.6% and 15.1% respectively, reflecting much more integration of China into global trade compared to India. Export-GDP ratios have steadily increased in both countries since 1991, but declined in 2008 due to effects of the global recession and stood at 18.3% and 12.5% respectively in China and India in 2018. Over the period, China has emerged as India's largest trading partner, but bilateral trade gap of India is also increasing with its overall trade gap with rest of the world, which contributes to overall trade imbalance of India and poses a policy challenge to sustain trade between two countries along with narrowing the existing bilateral trade gap, which can be addressed effectively by India's technology-intensive exports to China. Both countries are required to remove existing trade barriers and constraints to reap full trade potential focusing on customs rules and procedures, standards, certification and regulatory practices, non-tariff barriers, and rules of origin. Mutual consensus on customs valuation and guidelines to facilitate uniform documentation across ports are needed to increase China-India trade. Despite high degree of openness, both countries experienced a small deceleration in growth in recent years. Therefore, free trade and sustained reforms are the best options for China and India to return to sustainable growth rates.
Challenges Faced by School Heads in Maintaining Students’ Academic Performance in Private Secondary Schools in Tanga and Korogwe Districts, Tanga Region Tanzania
Authors: Onai Christa , Ligembe Nestory N.
Published: March 2022

The study investigated challenges faced by school heads in maintaining students’ academic performance in Tanga and Korogwe districts. Three specific objectives were formulated to guide the study. The study was guided by Administrative Management and Scientific Management Theory founded by Henry Fayol and Fredrick Taylor, respectively. A mixed research approach and convergent parallel research design were adopted. A sample size of 39 was obtained using proportionate purposive and simple random sampling techniques; questionnaires and interview guides were used in data collection. The validity ensured through member checking methods and through research expertise and supervisor check as well as the reliability ensured through the split half method. Quantitative data were analysed through SPSS software version 20 and presented through frequencies, percentages, figures, and tables, while qualitative data were analysed through thematic analysis and presented through quotation and narration. The findings revealed that major roles of school heads were planning, supervising, coordinating, and monitoring, while challenges they faced were inadequate funds, competition, low enrolment, fee-free policy, and high taxation by TRA, while strategies they used to overcome challenges were; motivation of teachers and students, marketing schools and monitoring discipline. The study concluded that challenges school heads face are: inadequate funds, lack of motivation and low enrolment of students. It is recommended for school owners to find other sources of funds and put clear policies which would guide private secondary schools as well as reduce the high taxes.
The Use of a Modelling & Simulation Tier by the EMULSION IoT Platform
Authors: Ganchev Ivan , Ji Zhanlin
Published: March 2022

This paper presents some design aspects of the EMULSION IoT platform, developed as a typical example of the horizontal IoT platforms. The architectural overview and multi-tiered structure of the platform are described, with special attention being paid to its modelling & simulation tier as a novel architectural element proposed for inclusion in similar IoT platforms. Used to model cyber-physical-social (CPS) objects and IoT services, along with their attributes and temporal/spatial/event characteristics, this tier is also utilized to simulate the actual provision of IoT services in order to determine the optimal configuration of the platform in each particular use case, by solving complex optimization tasks. Examples of such tasks are presented in the paper along with some results obtained to date.
Existence, Uniqueness, and Stability of Solutions of Systems of Complex Integrodifferential Equations on Complex Planes
Authors: Faris Hewa Selman , Butris Raad Noori
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we investigate the existence, uniqueness, and stability of solutions for a class of systems of non-linear complex Integrodifferential equations on complex planes. Based on the complex Integrodifferential equations, the iterative sequences for approximating the solutions are derived and several theorems about the existence and the forms of entire solutions are established. Finally, numerical results are illustrated from an example to confirm the veracity and applicability of the main problem whose exact solutions are available.
Percepciones de estudiantes secundarios sobre rendimiento alto en lenguaje, bajo en matemáticas
Authors: Muñoz Lira Marcela
Published: March 2022

En la educación escolar existen estudiantes que han obtenido un alto resultado académico en la asignatura de Lenguaje, pero, bajo en Matemática. El objetivo de esta investigación es abordar esta problemática a través de un paradigma cualitativo de entrevistas semiestructuradas a estudiantes secundarios que cumplen con esta característica. Los resultados dan cuenta de factores extrínsecos más que intrínsecos sobre esta dicotomía en sus resultados académicos, relevando la importancia del conocimiento y los pensamientos matemáticos, que no son independientes de los actos comunicativos, que, llevados a un contexto auténtico, serán significativos para el estudiante.
DİJİTAL OYUNLARIN ORTAOKUL ÖĞRENCİLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: KARABÜK ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: SAĞIR Adem , OKUTAN Semih
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı dijital oyunların ortaokul öğrencileri üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir. Tanımlayıcı bir yaklaşımla tasarlanan çalışmada birincil veri toplama araçlarından biri olan anket seçilmiştir. Saha araştırması Karabük’te bulunan on farklı ortaokulda öğrenim gören 655 öğrenci üzerinde yapılmıştır. Okullar kasti örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilmiştir. Pilot çalışmalar neticesinde son hali verilen anket formu Ocak-Şubat 2020 tarihleri arasında ortaokul öğrencilerin kendini sınıflarında anket saha ekibi görevlisi ve öğretmen denetiminde yüz yüze uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 23.0 programında analiz edilmiştir ve faktör analizi ile farklılıkları ortaya çıkarmaya yönelik olarak parametrik testler yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre dijital oyunların öğrencilerin bağlanma güdülerini artırıcı bir özellikte olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca öğrencilerin oyuna yükledikleri anlam ve değerin yüksek olduğu edilmiş ve sosyalleşme amacını önemsedikleri ortaya konmuştur. Sonuç kısmında ilgili literatür bağlamında değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.
TÜRKÇE ÖĞRETİMİNDE BİR İHTİYAÇ OLARAK KILAVUZ KİTAPLAR VE DERS PLANI
Authors: ERDEN Bayram , DİLEKÇİ Atilla
Published: March 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkçe öğretmenlerinin öğretmen kılavuz kitapları ve ders planlarına ilişkin görüşlerini ortaya koymaktır. Bunun için 200 Türkçe öğretmeninin görüşleri alınmıştır. Öğretmenlerle yapılan görüşmelerin içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Öğretmenlerin görüşme formları; önceki yıllarda öğretmen kılavuz kitabından etkin bir şekilde yararlanma durumları, öğretmen kılavuz kitabının gerekliliği, öğretmen kılavuz kitabında neler olması gerektiği, ders planı hazırlayıp hazırlamadıkları ve kılavuz kitabını mı yoksa ders planını mı tercih ettikleri üzerine beş boyutta incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre Türkçe öğretmenlerinin, öğretmen kılavuz kitaplarını dersin daha verimli geçmesi için bir ihtiyaç olarak gördüğü, yasal bir zorunluluk olmasına karşın azımsanmayacak bir bölümünün ders planı yapmadığı, yapanların ise istenen düzeyde ders planından yararlanamadığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularından hareketle öğretmen kılavuz kitaplarının kaldırıldığı bir ortamda ana dil eğitimine rehberlik yapacak, programın hedeflediği bilgi, beceri ve yetkinliklere ulaşmada öğretmene yol gösterecek kılavuz kaynak sıkıntısı yaşandığı ve mevcut uygulamanın devam etmesi hâlinde Türkçe dersi için, etkin ders planları hazırlama ve uygulamalarına dönük rehberlik ve denetim faaliyetlerine ihtiyaç duyulduğu söylenebilir.
TAHMİN-GÖZLEM-AÇIKLAMA (TGA) YÖNTEMİ İLE BOZUK ELEKTRİKLİ ARAÇ-GEREÇLERİN İÇ YAPISININ İNCELENMESİNE YÖNELİK FEN BİLGİSİ ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: HARMAN Gonca , YENİKALAYCI Nisa
Published: March 2022

Araştırmada Tahmin-Gözlem-Açıklama (TGA) yöntemi ile bozuk elektrikli araç-gereçlerin iç yapısının incelenmesine yönelik fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının görüşleri alınmıştır. Durum çalışması deseni ile yürütülen araştırmaya, birinci sınıfta öğrenim gören 42 fen bilgisi öğretmen adayı katılmıştır. Uygulama sürecinde öğretmen adayları televizyon kumandası, saç kurutma makinesi, su ısıtıcısı, fener, şarj aleti, ütü, blender, kahve makinesi ve radyo olmak üzere bu bozuk elektrikli araç-gereçleri laboratuvarda bireysel olarak incelemişlerdir. Veriler tahmin, gözlem ve açıklama olmak üzere 3 bölümden oluşan etkinlik formu ve 2 açık uçlu sorudan oluşan görüş formu ile toplanmıştır. Görüş formunda öğretmen adaylarından etkinlik sürecinde takip edilen TGA yönteminin eğitim-öğretimde kullanılmasına yönelik görüşlerini yazılı olarak ifade etmeleri istenmiştir. Toplanan veriler içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, 37 (% 88,1) öğretmen adayının tahmini ile gözleminin uyumlu olmakla birlikte tahminlerinde eksikler olduğu; diğer yandan beş (% 11,9) öğretmen adayının ise tahmini ile gözleminin uyumlu olmadığı saptanmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının tamamı TGA yönteminin avantajlı olduğunu, sekiz (% 19) öğretmen adayı ise avantajlarının yanı sıra dezavantajlarının da olduğunu belirtmiştir. Bilimsel süreç becerileri, bilişsel ve psikomotor becerilerin gelişimi için bu tür etkinliklerin yapılması önerilmektedir.
SINIF ÖĞRETMENİ ADAYLARININ KÜLTÜREL AÇIDAN KARMA ÖĞRENME ORTAMLARINA İLİŞKİN YANSITMALARI
Authors: ÇELİK Serkan , BAS Ozlem
Published: March 2022

Bu araştırmada öğretmen adaylarının zorunlu göç nedeniyle ülkemize gelmiş olan öğrencilerin de eğitim gördüğü kültürel açıdan karma öğrenme ortamlarındaki gözlem ve düşüncelerini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bu genel amaç doğrultusunda araştırma ülkemizde bulunan Suriyeli öğrencilerin eğitim ortamlarında yaşadıkları durumu geleceğin öğretmenlerinin bakış açısıyla betimlemesi açısından önemlidir. Bu araştırmanın deseni nitel araştırmada çoklu durum çalışması biçiminde belirlenmiş olmakla beraber çalışma grubu amaçlı örnekleme yoluyla oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmada Ankara’nın Altındağ ilçesinde 7 ilkokul amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme esasına göre seçilmiştir. Araştırmada yansıtıcı öğretmen adayı günlüklerinden elde edilen bulgular betimsel analiz ve içerik analizi yoluyla çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları; Suriyeli öğrencilerin Türkçe dil yetersizliğinin en önemli problem olduğunu ancak öğrenci, öğretmen, okul iklimi durumlarında karşılaşılan sorunların çözümünde öğretmenlerin mülteci öğrencilerle geçirdiği zamanla bağlantılı olarak sorunların aşıldığının ve kültürler arası iletişim becerilerine dayalı uygulamaların pedagojik etkililik açısından çok önemli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.