bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stein Variational Gradient Descent for Reservoir History Matching Problems
Authors: Zhang Shumao , Forouzanfar Fahim , Wu Xiao-Hui
Published: March 2023

Reservoir history matching problem estimates the system (i.e., reservoir morel) parameters based on noisy observed data. Examples can be estimating the permeability and porosity fields from time series of oil, water, and gas production rates. The estimation of parameters is formulated in the form of estimating their probability distributions; it is a required step for reservoir management operation and planning under subsurface uncertainty. The Bayesian framework is commonly used to estimate the posterior distribution of parameters, which may contain multiple modes that correspond to distinct reservoir scenarios. Here, we study the application of Stein Variational Gradient Descent (SVGD) method, originally proposed by Liu & Wang (2016), in reservoir history matching problems. The rationale and mechanics of SVGD method is discussed and the adaptation of this method to the reservoir characterization application is presented. More specifically, we propose to formulate the gradient-based SVGD method using stochastic gradients for reservoir history matching applications. To the best of our knowledge, this paper presents the first application of SVGD method for reservoir characterization problem. The utilization of stochastic approximation of gradients within a gradient-based SVGD is another novelty aspect of this work. The formulated algorithm is benchmarked using synthetic test problems with multimodal known posterior distributions. Also, the application of the proposed algorithm is investigated to solve synthetic and real history matching problems including the IC Fault model and an unconventional well simulation model. The reservoir test problems are further investigated to evaluate the method's performance in comparison with application of implementations of a Gauss Newton optimization and an iterative Ensemble Smoother method for sampling the posterior distribution. We show that the proposed implementation of SVGD can capture the posterior distribution and complicated geometry. For reservoir IC Fault test problem, the method effectively samples multiple modes. For the unconventional test problem, the samples are compared with the ones obtained using a Gauss Newton or iterative Ensemble Smoother methods.
A Novel Machine-Learning Assisted Phase-Equilibrium Calculation Model for Liquid-Rich Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Chen Fangxuan , Luo Sheng , Wang Shihao , Nasrabadi Hadi
Published: March 2023

In composition reservoir simulation, fluid phase behavior is determined by vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) calculations. VLE calculations can consume more than half of the CPU time of compositional reservoir simulations. To accelerate the VLE calculations, machine learning (ML) technique is introduced. In this work, we developed a novel ML-assisted VLE calculation model for shale reservoirs. Our model has two main innovations compared with previous ML-assisted VLE calculation models. Firstly, the extended Peng-Robinson equation of states (PR-C EOS) is incorporated for VLE calculation. Previous models used the conventional Peng-Robinson equation of states (PR EOS), which becomes inaccurate when the pore diameter reduces to the scale of nanometers. With PR-C EOS, fluid characteristics can be accurately modeled under nano-scale conditions, making our model applicable to shale reservoirs. Secondly, in our model, a general set of pseudo components is selected to cover different fluid types. Previous models are designed for a specific type of hydrocarbon mixture. There are two parts to our model: stability analysis and flash calculation. In the stability analysis, the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) is trained to predict whether the fluid is in single-phase or two-phase condition. The equilibrium ratios are estimated using a physics-informed neural network (PINN) in the flash calculation. The application of ML techniques accelerates the CPU time by two orders of magnitude without losing too much accuracy. This work provides the framework of incorporating ML into VLE calculation and develops a ML-assisted VLE calculation model that is suitable for various hydrocarbon mixtures in shale reservoirs.
Advanced Modeling of Diffusion and Convection in Multiphase Compositional Simulation for Tight Porous Media
Authors: Achour Sofiane Haythem , Okuno Ryosuke
Published: March 2023

Small pore sizes influence the mass transport in gas enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in tight formations through complex phenomena such as diffusion and sorption. However, conventional simulators use relatively simple models for diffusion and sorption that do not properly represent non-ideal fluid interactions at high pressures. This paper presents a newly developed simulator for advanced compositional modeling for tight formations. A case study highlights the impact of diffusion and sorption on compositional transport in tight porous media.

The simulator uses multicomponent diffusion based on the dusty-gas model (DGM), which uses the fugacity gradient as the driving force. The adsorption model used is an approximate solution based on the Multicomponent Theory of Adsorption (MPTA) using the sorbed and bulk regions. The capillary pressure is included both in the flow equations and the flash calculations by minimizing the Helmholtz free energy using the Peng-Robinson equation of state at a fixed temperature, pore volume, and overall composition.

The simulator is applied to model CO2 injection into a 1-D tight porous medium with a ternary mixture of methane, n-butane, and n-decane as the initial oil. Before CO2 injection, n-decane is most attracted to the pore wall and contained at a high concentration in the sorbed region. During CO2 injection, CO2 displaces n-decane from the pore wall, causing the counter-current transport of CO2 and n-decane.

Simulation results also show that the mixing of reservoir oil with CO2 in small pores results in local pressure changes, which tend to drive both the diffusion and convection. In all cases, convection enhances multicomponent transport by dissipating these pressure changes. When CO2 is strongly attracted to the pore walls, a large pressure change on mixing accelerates the CO2 diffusion into the reservoir through the sorbed region and also the counter-current transport of oil components through the central region.
Molecular Simulation of Competitive Adsorption of Hydrogen and Methane: Analysis of Hydrogen Storage Feasibility in Depleted Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Chen Fangxuan , Wang Shihao , Nasrabadi Hadi
Published: March 2023

As a clean energy carrier, hydrogen (H2) is considered as an indispensable part of energy transition roadmap. To meet the increasing energy demand, extremely large storage capacity is required. Previous studies focus on the underground H2 storage in conventional depleted gas reservoirs, salt caverns and saline aquifers. With the development of shale reservoirs, more and more depleted shale gas reservoirs may be good candidates for H2 storage. In this work, we analyze the potential of H2 storage in depleted gas reservoirs using Monte Carlo simulations. The competitive adsorption of methane-hydrogen (C1-H2) system under nanoscale condition is investigated, including the effect of pore size, temperature, pressure, boundary material, and fluid composition. Our results show that C1 is preferentially adsorbed in C1-H2 system. C1 forms the adsorption layer near the boundary surface while H2 molecules are freely distributed in the pore. The fluid distribution indicates that H2 can be easily produced during H2 recovery process, which contributes to H2 storage in depleted shale gas reservoirs. In addition, the effect of water (H2O) on C1-H2 competitive adsorption is analyzed. The strong interactions between H2O and boundary atoms force C1 molecules away from the adsorbed region. If we consider C1 as cushion gas, 50% of C1 is enough for H2 storage in depleted shale gas reservoirs. This work provides foundation for H2 storage in depleted shale gas reservoirs at a molecular level.
Investigating Acidizing in Carbonate Reservoirs: Global Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Sahu Qasim , Fahs Marwan , Hoteit Hussien
Published: March 2023

Reservoir stimulation is a common technique used to improve the productivity of carbonate reservoirs such as carbonate acidizing. This process involves injecting a reactive fluid to dissolve the rock mineral, creating a conductive path for hydrocarbon flow (i.e., wormhole). With the development of tight and unconventional reservoirs, stimulation has become more critical for optimal economic production. This study aims to simulate carbonate dissolution with a two-scale continuum model and investigate how the uncertainty propagates in that model. The petrophysical properties of carbonate encounter significant uncertainty that affects the predictivity of the model. A simulation model was developed to simulate the initiation and propagation of wormhole in carbonate rock. We investigate the effect of varying the injection rate on the dissolution channel and the efficiency of the acidizing fluid. Next, we utilized design of experiments in a rigorous multi-step methodology to build a surrogate model based on polynomial chaos expansion. The surrogate model is used to perform global sensitivity and uncertainty propagation analysis. We utilize the surrogate model and Sobol indices to identify the most significant parameter affecting stimulation process using dimensionless groups, including the Damkohler, Peclet, and acid capacity number. The results showed that the dissolution channel and pore volume to breakthrough depends on the injection rate. The surrogate model reproduces the simulation model results for the dissolution channel, the pore volume to breakthrough, and the effective permeability. The global sensitivity analysis shows that the acid capacity number is the most significant parameter for the pore volume to breakthrough with the highest value of the total Sobol index. For effective permeability, the initial mean porosity is the primary source of uncertainty. The marginal effect calculated for the individual parameter confirms the results from Sobol indices. This work provides a systematic workflow for uncertainty analysis and optimization applied to the processes of carbonate stimulation.
Role of Inelasticity in Production-Induced Subsidence and Fault Reactivation in the Groningen Field
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxi , Jha Birendra
Published: March 2023

Long-term production of gas from the Groningen field has led to subsidence and seismicity in the region. Most of the prior Groningen modeling studies assumed elastic deformation of the reservoir due to the challenges in modeling poroplasticity in a reservoir with hundreds of faults and decades of production history. Here we quantify the role of inelastic deformation in production-induced subsidence and seismicity in the field via 3D high-resolution multiphysics modeling which couples multiphase flow and elastoplastic deformation in a complex geologic system made of claystone overburden, carboniferous underburden, and the gas-bearing sandstone reservoir compartmentalized with 100+ faults. We drive the model with four decades of historical production, spanning the period of induced seismicity, and two decades of future production under gas injection-enhanced recovery. We calibrate the model using the available pressure and subsidence data and analyze compartmentalized depletion and deformation due to spatially varying production and fault distribution. We analyze stress and strain in the caprock-reservoir depth interval to elucidate the role of inelasticity. We use the evolution in shear and normal tractions on seismogenic faults that hosted 1991-2012 seismicity to quantify the evolution in Coulomb stress and geomechanical stability of the faults.
BiLSTM_SAE:A Hybrid Deep Learning Framework for Efficient Predictive Big Data Analytics System
Authors: Goswami Shubhashish , Kumar Abhimanyu
Published: March 2023

Big data has been utilized and attracted various researchers due to the phenomenal increase in computational application which has developed an overwhelming flow of data. Further, with an expeditious blooming of emerging applications such as social media applications, semantic Web, and bioinformatics applications, data heterogeneity is increasing swiftly. Accordingly, a variety of data needs to be executed with less high accuracy and less. However, effective data analysis and processing of large-scale data are compelling which is considered a critical challenge in the current scenario. To overcome these issues, various techniques have been developed and executed but still, it is significant to improve in accuracy. The current study proposed a hybrid technique of BiLSTM-SAE has been proposed for business big data analytics. Bidirectional LSTM is an advanced version of the conventional LSTM approach. The performance comparison of the proposed method BiLSTM-SAE with existing Random forest-RF has been processed. The final result reported that the proposed method BiLSTM-SAE had been procured with better accuracy of 0.836. Moreover, the training and validation accuracy and loss on different performance metrics have been conducted and studied in the research.
The existing pattern of mother-daughter communication of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) matters among Sinhalese adolescent girls aged 14-19 years, in Sri Lanka
Authors: Mataraarachchi D , Pathirana T.E.A , P.K Buddhika Mahesh , Vithana P.V.S.C.
Published: March 2023

Introduction: School-based and community-based sexuality education has not shown a significant impact on the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcome of Sri Lankan adolescents. Parents as the primary educators of adolescents would be a better source of providing individualized sexuality education to their children.
Objective: To assess the existing pattern of mother-daughter communication of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) matters among Sinhala adolescent girls aged 14-19 years in Sri Lanka.
Methods: A descriptive-cross sectional study was conducted among a sample of 810 Sinhala adolescent girls, using a pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics related to mother-daughter communication of SRH matters were presented using frequencies and percentages. Bivariate analysis was performed to assess the association of selected socio-demographic factors with mother-daughter SRH communication while Binary logistic analysis was performed to assess the independent association of selected demographic factors with mother-daughter SRH communication.
Results: The majority of the respondents (67.1%, n=540) were positive about discussing SRH matters with their mothers. For 78.2% (n=632) mother was the most preferred source of SRH information. Issues related to menstruation (88.4%, n=701), keeping body limits (94%, n=718), and preventing sexual violence (72.6%, n=574), were among the common topics discussed between mothers and daughters. Cultural barriers (46.8%, n=379),and fear of parental perception (56.3%, n=456), were the main barriers to discussing SRH topics with mothers. Adolescent girls’ age, religion, status of schooling, and family income level were significantly associated with mother-daughter SRH communication.
Conclusions and recommendations: Adolescent girls identified the mothers as a good source of SRH information. Parents' contribution as a primary source of SRH information to adolescent girls when planning adolescent sexual health interventions needs to be considered.
Optimized Federated Learning with Ensemble of Sequential Models for Detecting RPL Routing Attacks for AMI Networks
Authors: Sharma Puneet , Sakthivel T. , Alnajjar Ibrahim Ali
Published: March 2023

With the rapid expansion of smart applications and services, the Internet of Things (IoT) plays a vital role in enabling changes in the usage of information and communication technology. Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is the key component of the smart grid which often meets privacy and security threats from the routing layer. The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is the prominent routing protocol for AMI networks, and securing the RPL is the cornerstone of all security controls in the AMI for successful deployment. Recently, IoT security systems have increasingly adopted privacy-preserving Federated Learning (FL) that trains a local data model across multiple decentralized edge devices and takes global decisions without the need for global data sharing. Relying on a single learning model significantly degrades the FL performance due to the frequent transmission of weights and training on heterogeneous IoT networks. This paper proposes an Optimized FL model for Securing RPL (OFL-SRPL) over AMI devices. By reducing the size of the data transferred from the multiple local models to the server, the OFL-SRPL adopted the Particle Swam Optimization (PSO) algorithm to select the best local model from the Home Area Network (HAN) gateway and build the global model. The proposed OFL-SRPL applies an ensemble of sequential classifiers with its appropriate loss function to improve the decision-making quality and reduce the FL communication burden. Instead of transferring all the local model weights to the global model, the OFL-SRPL iteratively selects the best ensemble model with sequential classifies and only sends the weight of the best model to build the global model. The sequential classifier design improves the ownership weight and handles class imbalance issues. After taking an optimized global model decision, the devices execute ensemble classifiers successfully with appropriate learning parameters. Thus, the proposed OFL-SRPL achieves 10.6% higher detection accuracy than a centralized setup of the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model without incurring multiple communication rounds like traditional FL.
Improving short-duration speaker recognition by joint Bark-wavelet acoustic feature coupling and triplet dual-attention mechanism network
Authors: Zi Yunfei , Xiong Shengwu
Published: March 2023

Speaker recognition methods are negatively affected by the input short duration audio signal. In this paper, we tackle the problem of speaker recognition from shorter speech data by coupling proposed two acoustic features: Bark-scaled Gauss Filter Cepstral Coefficients (BGCC) and Perceptual Wavelet Packet Entropy (PWPE). Our assumption is based on the observation that BGCC and PWPE capture sufficient information on various aspects of speech that can be used to discriminate speaker, viz., speech perception and high time-frequency information representation, etc., for enhancing characteristic diversity. A triplet dual attention mechanism (Triplet-DAM) is used to couple these two features in a creative manner. The coupling method means that the feature of limited short utterance can be reused, through the dual attention mechanism, more discriminative features are enhanced for limited feature, thus improving speaker recognition performance in short duration audio signals. Extensive analysis on a variety of datasets, which speech samples of different types, diverse lengths, etc., demonstrate the superiority of the proposed feature engineering and method over existing acoustic feature extraction and speaker recognition algorithms, including those based on MFCCs, LPCCs features, and GMM-UBM, iVector-PLDA, ResCNN-triplet, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate the proposed method achieves notable improvement with the existing approach for short duration speaker recognition.
Labour outcomes among low-risk women using WHO next-generation partograph versus WHO composite partograph: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Sospeter Phineas F. , Al-Beity Fadhlun M. Alwy , Kidanto Hussein L , Said Ali , Kikula Amani , Godfrey Samwel
Published: March 2023

Background: Partogram is an important tool in the management of labor and delivery. Its correct use, has been shown to decrease maternal and newborn adverse events including deaths. In Tanzania, composite partograph is used as a standard of care. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) released Labour Care Guide (LCG), a next generation partograph which emphases on woman centered care. This study aimed to compare maternal and newborn outcomes among low-risk pregnant women who were monitored by using WHO LCG versus those who were monitored by using composite partograph.
Methodology: This Quasi Experimental Study on LCG, was conducted at Mnazi Mmoja and Vijibweni hospitals in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. The following outcomes were compared as depicted in the WHO quality of care framework: mode of delivery, Post-Partum Hemorrhage, labour augmentation, duration of labor, maternal death, APGAR, admission to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and perinatal death. Statistical analysis was done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Stepwise logistic regression was done to identify factors associated with dichotomous outcomes. Adjusted Odds Ratio, and 95% confidence interval were used to present the results. P value <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: A total of 482 women were enrolled; 241 in the intervention and 241 in the comparison group. There was no difference regarding maternal and newborn outcomes among women in the two study groups; Post-Partum Hemorrhage (p=0.69), Perineal trauma (p=0.65) and maternal death; APGAR score at 5 minutes (p=0.41), need for NICU admission (p= 0.80) and perinatal death (p=0.33). Parity of 3 and above was associated with better maternal outcome AOR= 3.05, 95%CI:1.40- 6.65; p=0.005 while augmentation of labour was associated with less chances of better maternal outcome AOR=0.33,95% CI: 0.16- 0.68: p= 0.003. Cesarean section was associated with poor newborn outcome AOR= 0.43, 95% CI: 0.19- 0 .96; p=0.04.
Conclusion: From this study, monitoring labour in low-risk women using WHO LCG had similar maternal and newborn outcome when compared with use of a composite partograph.Large studies powered to compare maternal and newborn outcomes including high risk pregnant women in busy labour ward are highly recommended.
Low Sar Based Modified Circular Patch Antenna for Future Biomedical Applications and Body Area Networks
Authors: MERUGUMALLI RAMA KRISHNA , M Neelaveni Ammal , Chalasani Subbarao
Published: March 2023

In this work a Compact Circular patch-oriented bio medical antenna is proposed for low Sar applications. The proposed antenna covers the bands of both 2.4GHz and 5. 8GHz.The structural orientation and star shaped slot in the circular patch gives the given Targeted bands. The antenna is designed using flexible polyamide substrate which is having dielectric constant between 2.9-3.3 and loss tangent of 0.008. The proposed antenna is also checked its variations in radiation characteristics at different bending conditions. The obtained frequency is ranging between 2.3-3.5 and between 5.1-6.8Ghz holding fractional bandwidth of 41% and 28%. A suitable dipole and Omnidirectional patterns have been observed for proposed modal. The observed antenna a peak gain of 2.5Db at lower frequency resonance and 4.9dBi at higher frequency resonance. Validation of antenna is structured out by implementing nearby conditions of human body and observed its variation.
Efficacy and safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Cognitive Function in Chronic Schizophrenia with Tardive Dyskinesia (TD): a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, clinical trial
Authors: Zhou Yue , Xia Xingzhi , Zhao Xueli , Yang Ruchang , Wu Yuxuan , Liu Junjun , Lyu Xiaoli , Li Zhe , Zhang Guangya , Du Xiangdong
Published: March 2023

Objective
Previous studies have shown that transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS) led to an improvement of cognitive function in patinets with schizophrenia, but rare study has explored the effect of tDCS on long-term hospitalized chronic schizophrenia with tardive dyskinesia(TD). The present research explored if cognitive function in patients with long-term hospitalized chronic schizophrenia with TD could be improved through tDCS.
Methods
This study is a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial. Of the 52 patients, 14 dropped out and 38 completed the experiment. Thirty-eight patients on stable treatment regimens were randomly assigned to receive active tDCS(n = 21) or sham stimulation(n = 17) on weekdays of the first, third, and fifth weeks of treatment. Patients performed the Pattern Recognition Memory(PRM) and the Intra/Extradimensional Set Shift (IED) from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery at baseline, at the 3-week of tDCS treatment (week3), and the end of tDCS treatment (week5). Clinical symptoms were also measured at the baseline and the fifth week using the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).Side effects of tDCS were assessed with an experimenter-administered open-ended questionnaire during the whole experiment.
Results
There were no significant differences in PRM and IED performance metrics, SANS total score and PANSS total score between active and sham tDCS groups at the end of the 5-wk treatment period (all P > 0.05).Furthermore, it was significant difference in the adverse effects of the tingling sensation between the two groups (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in other side effects (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
According to these findings, there is no evidence in support of the use of anodal stimulationover the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex an approach for improving cognitive function in patients with long-term hospitalized chronic schizophrenia with TD.
North Atlantic chlorophyll blooming enhances terrestrial primary productivity over Europe
Authors: Yang Young-Min , Park Jae-Heung , Park Jong-Yeon , An Soon-Il , Yeh Sang-Wook , Kwon Eun Young , Lee June-Yi , Li Tim
Published: March 2023

The global carbon cycle is strongly influenced by terrestrial productivity and ocean plankton concentration in the upper ocean1-4, with some carbon being transported from land to the ocean by chemical processes 5-9 and possibly returned to the atmosphere. High-latitude Ocean plankton may contribute to rapid surface warming, which could remotely affect terrestrial ecosystems by modifying adjacent continental climate conditions. However, this possible impact of ocean chlorophyll concentration on terrestrial activities and carbon sinks remains unclear.
Here, we found that high-latitude North Atlantic chlorophyll blooming could have a positive impact on terrestrial productivity and agriculture over Europe, potentially contributing to increased carbon sinks. A stable supply of nutrients in high latitudes allows for chlorophyll blooming, which traps more incoming shortwave radiation and contributes to surface warming. This, in turn, leads to increased precipitation over Europe through atmospheric teleconnection, accelerating terrestrial productivity (15-20% of the gross primary productivity), crop yields, and carbon sink during the growing season. Model results suggest that chlorophyll concentrations over the North Atlantic ocean significantly impact terrestrial activities in Europe, and an increase in future chlorophyll blooming events could enhance the terrestrial ecosystem as a carbon sink, contributing to negative carbon-climate feedback. Our results highlight the positive interaction between the marine and terrestrial ecosystems and the importance of considering these interactions in future assessments.
Precision spectroscopy and laser cooling scheme of a radium-containing molecule
Authors: Udrescu Silviu-Marian , Wilkins Shane , Breier Alexander , Ruiz Ronald Fernando Garcia , Athanasakis-Kaklamanakis Michail , Au Mia , Belošević Ivana , Berger Robert , Bissell Mark , Chrysalidis Katerina , Cocolios Thomas , Groote Ruben , Dorne Anais , Flanagan Kieran , Franchoo Serge , Gaul Konstantin , Geldhof Sarina , Giesen Thomas , Hanstorp Dag , Heinke Reinhard , Koszorús Agota , Kujanpää Sonja , Lalanne Louis , Neyens Gerda , Nichols Miranda , Perrett Holly , Reilly Jordan , Rothe Sebastian , Borne Bram van den , Wang Quanjun , Wessolek Julius , Yang Xiaofei , Zülch Carsten
Published: March 2023

Molecules containing heavy, radioactive nuclei are predicted to be extremely sensitive to violations of the fundamental symmetries of nature. Radium monofluoride molecules are of particular interest, as the nuclear octupole deformation of certain radium isotopes massively boosts their sensitivity to symmetry-violating nuclear properties. Moreover, they are predicted to be laser coolable, opening up a wide range of opportunities for precision studies. Here, we present measurements of the rovibronic structure of these molecules, which allow an unambiguous determination of their laser cooling scheme. We demonstrate an improvement in resolution of more than two orders of magnitude compared to previous studies. Our developments allowed measurements of minuscule amounts of hot molecules, with only a few hundred per second produced in a particular rotational state. The combined precision and sensitivity achieved in this work offer new opportunities for studies of radioactive molecules of interest in fundamental physics, chemistry and astrophysics.
Clinical characteristics of postoperative cognitive dysfunction after local balloon compression for trigeminal neuralgia: a retrospective study
Authors: lin LI , yonggang Luo , min Liu , xue He
Published: March 2023

Purpose
To identify the high-risk population of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) with postoperative cognitive dysfunction, reduce the consequent long-term postoperative complications, and improve the postoperative quality of life.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted among 94 TN patients that underwent percutaneous balloon compression in the Affiliated Huai 'an First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2017 to 2022. Patients were divided according to the post- Mini-Mental State Examimation (MMSE) scores (postoperative cognitive dysfunction and postoperative cognitive function normal groups). General information, past medical history, laboratory examination, treatment methods, self rating anxiety scale (SAS) score, visual analog scale (VAS) score and MMSE score were collected.
Results
Total 21 patients developed postoperative cognitive impairment, of which 16 were transient, and 3 were prolonged. Postoperative cognitive impairment prolonged the hospital stay (p< 0.001). Advanced age (p = 0.028), high preoperative SAS score (p < 0.001), and prolonged anesthesia duration (p < 0.032) were independent risk factors for surgical patients of TN. Three patients in the postoperative cognitive dysfunction group showed brain swelling and extensive white matter degeneration in the frontal and parietal lobes. Eight patients were treated with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), following which, the MMSE score was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in the group without HBO, with no long-term complications. Preoperative SAS score was negatively correlated with the postoperative MMSE score (R = 0.3541, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction prolongs hospital stay in patients with TN. Functional magnetic resonance imaging can reflect brain tissue damage, and HBO therapy helps in postoperative cognitive function recovery.
Assessing spatio temporal changes in landcover using geospatial and remote sensing techniques in the fringes of Southern Chennai
Authors: R Narayani A , R Nagalakshmi
Published: March 2023

Peri-urban areas are transitional zones on a city's outer boundaries or edges. These regions have immense growth potential and are developing at a rapid speed. Hence it is necessary to observe the land use land cover and constant changes to understand the dynamics of these transformations. The study area selected for this study is towards the Southern fringe of Chennai, Tamil Nādu, India. Multi-spectral satellite imagery from Landsat 5 and 8 is analysed for this study. The primary intent of the study is to assess the change in the three landcover classes, namely water, land, and vegetation, over a 30-year study period between 1991-2021. The peri-urban regions majorly are arable land. Hence NDVI is considered a suitable index to monitor the land cover changes in the area of interest. The spatiotemporal analysis indicates an increase of 19.43% in land /barren areas towards the Northern parts near the study area and along the transit and industrial corridors. No significant changes are observed in the areas of vegetation that could be attributed to efforts taken to conserve reserve forests and increase green zones in newer developments. A steep depletion of 46.86% of water bodies observed in the region also corresponds to water scarcity problems. Accuracy was assessed using ground-truthing methods, computing the confusion matrix and Kappa coefficient. NDVI is used efficiently in the land cover classification but does not indicate the difference between built-up areas and barren land. Change detection map prepared using ARCGIS, indicates the areas that have been converted to other landcover over a period of 30years. The study reveals an urgent need bring in policy decisions to conserve waterbodies in the initial stages of urban planning for sustainable developments in the fringe areas.
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors for Hyperglycemia in Phosphoinositide 3-kinase Pathway Inhibition
Authors: Weintraub Michael A , Liu Dazhi , DeMatteo Raymond , Goncalves Marcus DaSilva , Flory James
Published: March 2023

Purpose
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition is used for the treatment of certain cancers, but can cause profound hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, for which sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been proposed as a preferred therapy. The objective of this research is to assess the effectiveness and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors for hyperglycemia in PI3K inhibition.
Methods
We conducted a single-center retrospective review of adults initiating the PI3k inhibitor alpelisib. Exposure to different antidiabetic drugs and adverse events including diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) were assessed through chart review. Plasma and point-of-care blood glucoses were extracted from the electronic medical record. Change in serum glucose and the rate of DKA on SGLT2 inhibitor versus other antidiabetic drugs were examined as co-primary outcomes.
Results
We identified 103 patients meeting eligibility criteria with median follow-up of 85 days after starting alpelisib. When SGLT2 inhibitors were used to treat hyperglycemia, they were associated with a decrease in mean random glucose by -54 mg/dL (95% CI -99 to -8) in adjusted linear modeling. Five cases of DKA were identified, two occurring in patients on alpelisib plus SGLT2 inhibitor. Estimated incidence of DKA was: alpelisib plus SGLT2 inhibitor, 24 DKA cases per 100 patient-years (95% CI 6, 80); alpelisib with non-SGLT2 inhibitor antidiabetic drugs, 7 (95% CI 0.1, 34); alpelisib only, 4 (95% CI 0.1, 21).
Conclusions
SGLT2 inhibitors are effective treatments for hyperglycemia in the setting of PI3K inhibition, but given possible adverse events, SGLT2 inhibitors should be used with caution.
Remote assessment of sustained attention: the reliability of the CCPT-V self-administered at home using local installation Vs. lab setting.
Authors: Dankner Yarden , Yuval-Greenberg Shlomit , Shalev Lilach
Published: March 2023

Sustained attention is commonly assessed using different versions of a continuous performance task (CPT), by calculating accuracy rates and reaction time (RT) based measures. Therefore, a valid assessment of sustained attention requires precise recording of RTs. Online tasks are especially prone to RT measuring errors, due to numerous differences in participants’ computers and task compliance. This paper presents a comparison between performance measures, reliability, and time-on-task effect of the Conjunctive-CPT preformed in a controlled lab setting vs. a home setting with the local installation of the task. Two groups of 51 neurotypical adults performed the task either in a lab or in their homes. We observed similar accuracy rates and RT measures in both groups. The split half reliability of measures was slightly attenuated in the home group, yet sufficient for studying individual differences. Results suggest remote administration with local installation is a reliable method when = assessing sustained attention and exploring individual differences through RT measurements. The findings have important implications for both research and clinical uses in circumstances in which in-person assessment is complicated or impossible.
Thermoresponsive, dually cross-linked elastin-like-polypeptide (ELP) micelle hydrogel with recovery properties
Authors: Choi Jongsoo , Ryu Moon-Chul , Kim Jae Jung , Choi Soo-Hyung , Won Jong-In
Published: March 2023

Recently, thermoresponsive protein-based hydrogels were widely used due to their high potential in biomedical fields. Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are one of the proteins that show lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior, resulting in self-assembly above critical micellular temperature (CMT). Here, we utilized ABC-type blocky ELPs to form hydrogels by intoducing cross-linking sites, resulting in good mechanical properties. The hydrogels showed temperature-dependent viscoelasticity due to their structure change. Also, the recovery process of ELP-based hydrogels after large deformation is significantly dependent on the types of cross-linking (i.e., ionic, covalent, or ionic-covalent hybrid).
Identification of Risk Factors for Disabilities in Children Following Clinically Important Traumatic Brain Injury: a prospective cohort study
Authors: KADRI Hassan , Daood Huda , Hussain Barah , Makkieh Rustom , Marwa Ghassan
Published: March 2023

Background: Head injury is a common occurrence in children and is one of the leading causes of death and disability in this age group. Accurately predicting the outcome of children with head injuries is critical for appropriate treatment and management of these patients.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors that can help predict the outcome of children who were admitted after a clinically important head injury.
Methods: We prospectively analysed the data of 65 patients under the age of 13 years who were admitted to our hospital after a clinically important head traumatic brain injury (TBI). We statistically analysed various parameters such as age, gender, mechanism of trauma, consciousness level, convulsion, vomiting, radiological investigation, duration of hospitalization, and the need for mechanical ventilation.
Results: Our study showed that some parameters gave significant predictive value for the final outcome, such as the mechanism of trauma, consciousness level, convulsion, radiological investigation, duration of hospitalization, and the need for mechanical ventilation. However, age, gender, and vomiting had no significant predictive value.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that accurate prediction of the outcome of children with head injuries is possible by considering certain risk factors. This can aid in appropriate treatment and management of these patients, which is critical for their recovery and rehabilitation. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our findings.
A Comprehensive Integrated Analysis of DDX3X Expression, Prognostic Value and Potential Implications for Pan-Cancer Immunity
Authors: Pang Xi , Ji Jingmin , Cai Xinyu , Ruan Shanming , Jin Huimin
Published: March 2023

Background: DEAD-box RNA Helicases (DDX3X) is a category of protein that imitate tumourigenesis, invasion, and immune escape by competing in RNA absorption and binding proteins, but allure system debris is expected purified.
Methods: In our research, Cancer Genome Atlas and the Genotype-Tissue Expression Database were discovered to decide the changed verbalization of DDX3X in pan-carcinoma growth, and TIMER (Tumor Immune Estimation Resource) was used to discover the verbalization of DDX3X and the level of invulnerable combination. It’s rooted that DDX3X verbalization was well compared accompanying an assortment of diseased invulnerable genes, invulnerable container combination and cut, carcinoma mutational load, and DNA microsatellite inconstancy. DDX3X keep thus be secondhand as a prognostically appropriate immunotherapeutic goal for malignancy forecast.
Effects of Open Skies Policy in the Dominican Republic: A Quasi-Experimental Analysis
Authors: Café Eduardo , Gomes Victor , Fioravanti Reinaldo
Published: March 2023

Unilateral open skies policy in the Dominican Republic produces large gains in welfare through the channel of competition between airlines. We document the effect of this policy on GDP and the flow of passengers. Using a synthetic difference-in-differences model, we find evidence that the reforms increased the GDP per capita in figures between 3.2% and 6.2% on average in five years (2007–2012). From difference-in-differences models, we find that the flow of American passengers increased by 30 percent in the years following the 2006 reforms. We also show that the market shares of airliners fell 30 percent on average for the same period. (JEL D12, L11, L51, L83, L98)
A study on the performance evaluation system for Supercomputer Joint Utilization System
Authors: Shim Hyungwook , Hahm Jaegyoon
Published: March 2023

A joint utilization system was established to efficiently use domestic supercomputer resources at the national level in Republic of Korea. Institutions participating in the joint utilization system are selected through a designation evaluation, and are subject to performance evaluation every five years on whether or not they are re-designated. Re-designation is determined by a total score of 70 points or higher based on the operation guidelines of the specialized center. Therefore, it is very important to establish an appropriate performance evaluation system, and the appropriateness of the performance evaluation model was verified prior to re-designation evaluation.As a result of the analysis, an improvement plan was derived by considering the network structure and connection strength between evaluation items, and the degree of improvement of the evaluation model could be confirmed.
A Digital Twin-driven Multi-resource Constrained Location System for Resource Allocation
Authors: Tang Qi , Wu Baotong
Published: March 2023

Smart manufacturing systems combine sensor systems and manufacturing processes, and they have been widely adopted in the industry to solve real production problems, help manufacturing enterprises achieve rapid decision making, and improve manufacturing value. However, manufacturing enterprises still face huge challenges with the coexistence of continuously changing dynamic demands, collaborative scheduling of dynamic resources, precise matching of manufacturing resources, and multiple resource constraints. To address this challenge, this research combines digital twin (DT) technology to propose a smart site-selection system with dynamic resource-accurate matching characteristics based on the attributes and associations of both resource sides, supply and demand sides, and site-selection sides, which can integrate and optimize resources according to the requirements of manufacturing tasks. In addition, by establishing the discovery mechanism of bottleneck processes and resource allocation methods, generating configuration priorities and thus reducing the solution space for resource allocation, the precise allocation of limited resources is achieved more quickly and easily, and the scheduling chaos in the parallel scheduling of multiple resources is solved and the multi-objective robust optimization model is solved by combining smart optimization algorithms. Combined with the example analysis, the results show that the smart site-selection system and multi-resource cyclic allocation mechanism proposed in this paper can collaboratively match a large amount of dynamic resources, and the utilization rate of idle manufacturing resources can be increased by 60%. This research effectively realizes the optimal allocation of multiple manufacturing resources in a resource-constrained environment and helps manufacturing enterprises create more manufacturing value.
WITHDRAWN: Prone-position versus usual care in hypoxemic COVID-19 patients in medical wards: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: NAY Mai-Anh , HINDRE Raphaël , PERRIN Christophe , CLÉMENT Jérémy , PLANTIER Laurent , SÈVE Aymeric , DRUELLE Sylvie , MORRIER Marine , LAINÉ Jean-Baptiste , COLOMBAIN Léa , CORVAISIER Grégory , BIZIEN Nicolas , POUGET-ABADIE Xavier , BIGOT Adrien , JAMARD Simon , NYAMANKOLLY Elsa , PLANQUETTE Benjamin , FOSSAT Guillaume , BOULAIN Thierry
Published: March 2023

Background: Benefit of early awake prone positioning (PP) for COVID-19 patients hospitalised in medical wards and who need oxygen therapy remains to be demonstrated. The question was considered at the time of COVID-19 pandemic to avoid overloading the intensive care units. We aimed to determine whether PP plus usual care could reduce the rate of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or intubation or death as compared with usual care alone.
Methods: In this multicentre randomised clinical trial, 268 patients were randomly assigned to awake PP plus usual care (N=135) or usual care alone (N=132). The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who underwent NIV or intubation or died within 28 days. Mains secondary outcomes included the rates of NIV, of intubation or death, within 28 days.
Results: The proportion of NIV or intubation or death within 28 days was 14.1% (19/135) in the PP group and 12.9% (17/132) in the usual care group (odds ratio adjusted for stratification [aOR] 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14 to 1.35). The probability of intubation, or intubation or death (secondary outcomes) was reduced in the PP versus usual care group (aOR 0.11; 95%CI 0.01 to 0.89 and aOR 0.09; 95%CI 0.01 to 0.76, respectively) in the whole study population and in the prespecified subgroup of patients with SpO2 ≥95% on inclusion (aOR 0.11; 95%CI 0.01 to 0.90, and aOR 0.09; 95%CI 0.03 to 0.27, respectively).
Conclusions: Awake PP plus usual care in COVID-19 patients in medical wards did not decrease the need for NIV or intubation or death.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04363463. Registered 27 April 2020.
Simulation of 3D wave propagation in thermoelastic anisotropic media
Authors: Carcione José M. , Wang Enjiang , Qadrouh Ayman N. , Alajmi Mamdoh , Ba Jing
Published: March 2023

We develop a numerical algorithm for simulation of wave propagation in anisotropic thermoelastic media, established with a generalized Fourier law of heat conduction. The wavefield is computed by using a grid method based on the Fourier differential operator and a first-order explicit Crank-Nicolson algorithm to compute the spatial derivatives and discretize the time variable (time stepping), respectively. The model predicts four propagation modes, namely, a fast compressional or (elastic) P wave, a slow thermal P diffusion/wave (the T wave), having similar characteristics to the fast and slow P waves of poroelasticity, respectively, and two shear waves, one of them coupled to the P wave and therefore affected by the heat ow. The thermal mode is diffusive for low values of the thermal conductivity and wave-like for high values of this property. As in the isotropic case, three velocities define the wavefront of the fast P wave, i.e, the isothermal velocity in the uncoupled case, the adiabatic velocity at low frequencies, and a higher velocity at high frequencies. The heat (thermal) wave shows an anisotropic behavior if the thermal conductivity is anisotropic, but an elastic source does not induce anisotropy in this wave if the thermal properties are isotropic.