bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 1 to 10-bit, 85.3 fJ/Conv-step ADC for RFID Sensors
Authors: Zurita Marcos , Freire Raimundo C. S. , Tedjini Smail
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the design results of an ultra-low power 1 to 10 bit arbitrary resolution switched capacitor analog to digital converter. In addition to using low-power elements, his project also used a library specifically optimized for the proposed converter rather than a standard library as in traditional approach. This approach enabled the overall converter consumption to be reduced by about 70 %. Consuming 7.29 μA at 1 V supply and taking less than 9 μs per conversion (10 bit mode) it can be used in LF, HF or UHF RFID passive sensor tags. The presented converter was designed in 180 nm CMOS technology occupying about 0.052 mm2 of silicon area. A simulation result shows a figure of merit equal to 85.3 fJ/Conversion-step and 9.5 effective number of bits.
Fault Injection on a Mixed-Signal Programmable SoC with Design Diversity Mitigation
Authors: Aguilera Carlos J. G. , Chenet Cristiano P. , Balen Tiago R.
Published: December 2020

This paper presents an approach for runtime software-based fault injection, applied to a commercial mixed-signal programmable system-on-chip (PSoC). The fault-injection scheme is based on a pseudo-random sequence generator and software interruption. A fault tolerant data acquisition system, based on a design diversity redundant scheme, is considered as case study. The fault injection is performed by intensively inserting bit flips in the peripherals control registers of the mixed-signal PSoC blocks, as well as in the SRAM memory of the device. Results allow to evaluate the applied fault tolerance technique, indicating that the system is able to tolerate most of the generated errors. Additionally, a high fault masking effect is observed, and different criticality levels are observed for faults injected into the SRAM memory and in the peripherals control registers.
Analysis and Design of a Low Noise Shunt-Shunt CMOS Transimpedance Amplifier for 10 Gbps Optoelectronic Receivers
Authors: Ponchet André F. , Swart Jacobus W. , Bastida Ezio M. , Finardi Célio A. , Panepucci Roberto R. , Tenenbaum Stefan , Finco Saulo
Published: December 2020

This article presents a complete design flow of a low noise transimpedance amplifier for 10 Gbps optoelectronic receivers. The proposed topology is based on the shunt-shunt structure with negative feedback. A set of equations was deduced from the frequency analysis and noise analysis. An optimization algorithm is proposed in order to maximize the bandwidth and improve the noise performance simultaneously. Experimental results shown a 51 dBΩ transimpedance gain, a 10.54 Ghz bandwidth and an input referred current noise equal to 6.8, the lowest one between other state-of-art designs. The circuit was manufactured in 130 nm RF CMOS technology.
Electrospun Polymeric Fibers Coated With Pd As A Sensitive Layer For Hydrogen Detection
Authors: Da Silva Ana Neilde R. , Dos Santos Filho Sebastião Gomes , Fontes Marcelo Bariatoo A.
Published: December 2020

Polymeric fibers can be used in several fields of research and technology depending on the type of polymer and the diameter of the fiber used. One of the most important features inherent to fibers is the large surface area that can be explored in applications like sensors. The electrospun fibers could be modified depositing metals by means of the electroless deposition technique in order to be used as sensitive layer. In this work is presented a gas sensor that has a sensitive layer made by polymeric fibers covered with palladium deposited by the electroless technique. The polymeric fibers were electrospun over a gold comb structure fabricated onto a silicon substrate with a distance between fingers of 50 μm. The fabricated sensors were reproducible with relative resistance response of 0.35% for H2 concentration of 100ppm under a controlled temperature of 25oC, which means a sensor capable of measuring residual concentrations.
Statistical Gate-Delay Modeling with Copulas
Authors: Schneider Walter
Published: December 2020

The growing impact of process variations on circuit performance has become a major concern for deep-submicron integrated circuit design, resulting in numerous SSTA-algorithms. The acceptance of such algorithms in industry however will be dependent on modeling the real silicon behavior in SSTA. This includes that the statistical gate-delay models must consider arbitrary process variations and dependencies. In this paper, we introduce the innovative concept of Copulas to handle this topic. A complete Matlab based framework starting from process parameter statistics up to the computation of the statistical gate-delay distribution is presented. Experimental results demonstrate the importance of accounting realistic process variations.
Guest Editors (and list of reviewers)
Authors: Jorio Ado , Rangel Fernando , Manera Leandro , Catunda Sebastian Yuti
Published: December 2020

List of reviewers for the Special Section on INSCIT2020.
Asynchronous AES Crypto-Processor Including Secured and Optimized Blocks
Authors: Bouesse Fraidy , Renaudin M. , Germain Fabien
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the first study of an asynchronous AES architecture compliant with the NIST standard. It exploits the fundamental properties of quasi delay insensitive asynchronous circuits. First, 1 to N encoding is extensively used in order to minimize hardware cost, thus optimizing area and speed. Most importantly, it is shown how the quasi delay insensitive logic style gives the opportunity to design balanced architectures, particularly well suited to improve differential power analysis resistance. Indeed, the proposed design methodology enables the generation of logic circuits which always involve a constant number of logical transitions, independently of data values processed by the circuit. Based on a 32-bit data-path, a balanced and optimized QDI asynchronous architecture of the AES is described. In addition, several architecture trade-offs are considered, and their area and speed estimated. Simulation results show that with the proposed design approach, throughputs ranging from 36 Mbit/s to more than 569 Mbit/s can be achieved, well suited to target smart-card applications.
Designing Mixed-Signal Programmable Fuzzy Logic Controllers as Embedded Subsystems in Standard CMOS Technologies
Authors: Dualibe Carlos , Jespers Paul , Verleysen Michel
Published: December 2020

A digitally programmable analog Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is presented. Input and output signals are processed in the analog domain whereas the parameters of the controller are stored in a built-in digital memory. Some new functional blocks have been designed whereas others were improved towards the optimization of the power consumption, the speed and the modularity while keeping a reasonable accuracy, as it is needed in several analogue signal processing applications. A nine-rules, two-inputs and one-output prototype was fabricated and successfully tested using a standard CMOS 2.4μ technology, showing good agreement with the expected performances, namely: a 2.7% RMSE, from 2.22 to 5.26 Mflips (Mega fuzzy logic inferences per second) at the pin terminals (@CL=13pF), 933 μW power consumption per rule (@Vdd=5V) and 5 bits of resolution. Since the circuit is intended for a subsystem embedded in an application chip (@CL≤ 5pF) up to 8 Mflips may be expected.
A Switched-MOSFET Programmable Low-Voltage Filter
Authors: Marques Luís Cléber C. , Serdijn Wouter A.
Published: December 2020

This paper describes a digitally programmable low-voltage low-power analogue filter that can be used in hearing-aid circuits. The filter employs the recently introduced switched-MOSFET technique, a sampled-data technique suitable for low supply voltage operation since it avoids the conduction gap of the switches and does not need any dedicated process. The filter was implemented using the DIMES 1.6μm CMOS process and achieves 64 dB dynamic range. The total current consumption, drawn from a 2.2V supply, equals 93μA.
In-Situ and Ion Implantation Nitrogen Doping on Near Stoichiometric a-SiC:H Films
Authors: Oliveira A. R. , Carreño M. N. P.
Published: December 2020

In this work we study the nitrogen n-type electrical doping of a-Si0.5C0.5:H films obtained by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) utilizing and comparing two doping techniques: in-situ (during the material growth) and ion implantation. The in-situ doped a-SiC:H films were obtained adding different amounts of N2 to the precursor gas mixture. For ion implantation four different nitrogen implanted concentrations were studied (between 1018 and 1021 atoms/ cm3) using multiple energies and doses to define a homogeneously doped layer. The doping experiments are carried out on a-SiC:H samples that present different structural order. The results show that high levels of electrical conductivity can be obtained with ion implantation technique. For in-situ technique the doping effect is also observed but must be improved in order to attain higher electrical conductivities. In the best case the room temperature dark conductivity for the sample implanted with 1021 nitrogens/cm3 was ~10-7 (Ω.cm)-1 and the activation energy was 0.2 eV. For in-situ doping the electrical dark conductivity reached values near 10-10 (Ω.cm)-1 at high temperatures and the activation energy was ~0.6 eV. Despite of the apparent low values of the electrical conductivity, these results are promising because we are dealing with a wide gap material and the doping processes are still not optimized.
Measuring the Efficiency of Cache Memory on Java Processors for Embedded Systems
Authors: Beck Antonio Carlos S. , Rutzig Mateus B. , Carro Luigi
Published: December 2020

Java, with its advantages as being an overspread multiplatform object oriented language, has been gaining popularity in the embedded system market over the years. However, because of its extralayer of interpretation, it is also believed that it is a slow language while being executed. Nevertheless, when this execution is done directly in hardware, Java advantages caused by its stacknature start to appear. One of these advantages concerns memory utilization, impacting in less accesses and cache misses. In this work we analyze this impact in performance and energy consumption,comparing a Java processor with a RISC one based on a MIPS architecture with similar characteristics.
Communication Aware Optimization of the Task Binding in Hardware/Software Reconfigurable Networks
Authors: Streichert Thilo , Strengert Christian , Koch Dirk , Haubelt Christian , Teich Jürgen
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a new methodology for tolerating link as well as node defects in self-adaptive reconfigurable networks will be presented. Currently, networked embedded systems need a certain level of redundancy for each node and link in order to tolerate defects and failures in a network. Due to monetary constraints as well as space and power limitations, the replication of each node and link is not an option in most embedded systems. Therefore, we will present a hardware/software partitioning algorithm for reconfigurable networks that optimizes the task binding onto resources at runtime such that node/link defects can be handled and data traffic on links between computational nodes will be minimized. This paper presents a new hardware/software partitioning algorithm, an experimental evaluation and for demonstrating the applicability, an implementation on a network of FPGA-based boards.
Plasma Etching of Polycrystalline Silicon using Thinning Technology for Application in CMOS and MEMS Technologies
Authors: Nunes A. M. , Moshkalev S. A. , Tatsch P. J. , Daltrini A. M.
Published: December 2020

This work presents results of the study of profile evolution for Si-poly structures during plasma etching using the thinning technology in SF6/CF4/CHF3 gas mixtures. Structures with an aspect ratio (height/width) up to 5, widths end in the range of 0.3 – 0.1 μm and 0.3μm thick, were produced. Sipoly structures with high anisotropy (anisotropy factor up to 0.92-0.98) after etching were demostrated. The method can be used for fabrication of sub-micron Si-poly gates in CMOS and in fabrication of MEMS devices.
Bridging Electrical and Structural Interface Properties: a Combined DFT-GW Approach
Authors: Fonseca L. R. C. , Prodhomme PY. , Blaise P.
Published: December 2020

The selection of a proper metal for replacement of polycrystalline silicon as the metal gate in future generation transistors has been hampered by pinning of the metal Fermi level at the metal/dielectric interface. Using monoclinic hafnia and zirconia as the gate dielectric we compare three different metal gate/gate dielectric interface structures where the oxygen affinity of the metal gate varies from low to high under normal processing conditions. For each of the metal gate/gate dielectric combination we considered a number of interface stoichiometries and tried to identify the most likely interface composition by comparing the calculated and measured valence band offsets (VBO). Because density functional theory (DFT) underestimates the dielectric band gap, it also underestimates the VBO thus requiring a correction to the band edges, which we accomplished using GW for cubic and monoclinic hafnia. Our GW shift value for monoclinic hafnia (0.3 eV) indicates mostly reduced interfaces in all metal/dielectric combinations considered.
Table of Contents and Foreword
Authors: Martino João Antonio , Carro Luigi
Published: December 2020

This issue of Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems (JICS) includes 6 papers on process, materials, devices, and modeling. These papers have been selected from the presentations given at SBMicro2007 (22nd Symposium on Microelectronics Technology and Devices), which has been held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 2007. Among the contributions presented at SBMicro2007 conference, only a few best rated by the reviewers were selected by the JICS Editorial Board and have been invited to submit an extended version. These papers have been submitted to usual reviewing process with the help of external experts. We would like to thank the authors for their effort in preparing these high quality papers, as well as the reviewers for their help on paper selection, which guarantees the scientific level of this issue.We sincerely hope that JICS readers will enjoy these contributions, as we have enjoyed listening to them at the SBMicro2007 conference. This year marks a new challenge for JICS as the journal will allow the spontaneous submission of papers additionally to the best papers of Symposium on Microelectronics Technology and Devices and Symposium on Integrated Circuits and Systems Design. We hope the community will support our decision submitting high quality papers that will contribute to the excellence of JICS Journal. João Antonio Martino Luigi CarroJICS Editor-in-chief JICS Co-Editor
A Study of Flicker Noise in MOS Transistor Under Switched Bias Condition
Authors: Miguez Matías , Arnaud Alfredo
Published: December 2020

This manuscript examines in detail the mechanisms and behavior of flicker noise in switched biased MOS transistors. Firstly, the PSD of a DC biased transistor is deduced using only Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) statistics and the autocorrelation formalism. Then the analysis is extended, by means of simulations and using simple physical hypotheses, to a switched bias condition. The results allow explaining several reported experimental data. Particularly, the 1/f form of flicker noise at very low frequencies is observed in simulations.
Gate Oxide Thickness Influence on the Gate Induced Floating Body Effect in SOI Technology
Authors: Agopian Paula G. D. , Martino João Antonio , Simoen Eddy , Claeys Cor
Published: December 2020

In this work, we explore the gate oxide thickness influence on the Gate Induced Floating Body effect (GIFBE). This study was performed through two-dimensional numerical simulations and electrical measurements. The available devices are from 130nm and 65nm Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) MOSFET technologies. The GIFBE and threshold voltage are evaluated as function of the gate oxide thickness reduction and an overlap tendency of the first and the second transconductance peaks is observed.
Study of the Metal Filling Impact on Standard Cells and their Associated Interconnects Using Ring Oscillators: Definition of the Metal Fill Corner Concept
Authors: Remy Laurent , Coll Philippe , Picot Fabrice , Mico Phillipe , Portal Jean-Michel
Published: December 2020

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the delay impact of staggered metal filling on the standard cells and their associated local interconnect on several metal levels. A Design of Experiment (DOE) is used to define a large range of filling pattern shapes and positions. This set of filling patterns is then inserted in a Ring Oscillator (RO). From the filled RO simulations, the RO delay is expressed as a function of the filling pattern features. The maximal timing error between the model and the simulation is 1.3%, validating the model. The filling impact on RO delay magnifies the one introduced by the front-end process variations (PVT). Consequently, the filling influence is introduced for the minimal, typical and maximal corners, defined now with Process (P), Voltage (V), Temperature (T) and Filling density (F) characteristics.
Table of Contents and Foreword
Authors: Martino João Antonio , Lubaszewski Marcelo
Published: December 2020

This issue of Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems (JICS) includes papers on process, materials, devices, and modeling. These papers have been selected from the presentations given at SBMicro2008 (23rd Symposium on Microelectronics Technology and Devices), which has been held in Gramado, Brazil in 2008. Among the contributions presented at SBMicro2008 conference, only a few best rated by the reviewers were selected by the JICS Editorial Board and have been invited to submit an extended version. These papers have been submitted to usual reviewing process with the help of external experts. An invited paper from Dr. Carlos Mazure on SOI technology and its applications is included in this issue and also spontaneous submissions have been considered. We would like to thank the authors for their effort in preparing these high quality papers, as well as the reviewers for their help on paper selection, which guarantees the scientific level of this issue.We sincerely hope that JICS readers will enjoy these contributions.João Antonio Martino - JICS Editor-in-chiefMarcelo Lubaszewski - JICS Co-Editor
A Review of SOI Technology and its Applications
Authors: Nguyen Bich-Yen , Celler George , Mazuré Carlos
Published: December 2020

Classical scaling is no longer possible to follow Moore’s law. In addition to the material innovations such as high K/metal gate and stressors, a transition to SOI is essential to meet scaling and performancerequirements alike. The advances in SOI for fully depleted devices and some key SOI applications are described.
Potentiostatic Electrodeposition of Au-Sn Alloys from a Non-Cyanide Bath for Soldering: Influence of Reagents Concentrations
Authors: Cardoso Juliana Lopes , Dos Santos Filho Sebastião Gomes
Published: December 2020

This work presents an extensive study of a non-cyanide Au-Sn bath to obtain potentiostatically deposited Au-Sn alloys. In addition, Au-Sn bath speciation was studied through a program for chemical equilibrium simulation (CHEAQS Pro) and the electrochemical mechanisms were investigated using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). Also, Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) was used to determine the deposits characteristics and composition. Some recipes using different concentrations of ammonium citrate, SnCl2 and Na2SO3, and L-ascorbic acid presented the formation of colloidal gold during the electrodeposition processes. The incorporation of tin in the deposits obtained varied from 2 to 16 atomic % (at%).
Study of Nanofiber Formation by Injecting Polymeric Solutions Inside Intense Electric Fields Using Different Electrode Configurations
Authors: Furlan R. , Arroyo S. V. , Torres R. O. F. , Rosado J. A. M. , Da Silva A. N. R.
Published: December 2020

Electrospinning has been considered a straightforward way of producing nanofibers. In this work we are analyzing non-conventional approaches of the electrospinning process to better understand and explore the effect of electrostatic interactions. The processes we are investigating include the insertion of polymer inside the electric field keeping the capillary for polymer injection at a floating potential. Also, we are investigating different electrode configurations including: same as electrospinning (with and without polarization of the capillary for polymer injection), parallel macro electrodes and, microelectrodes (with tip to tip alignment). Image analysis reveals the occurrence of instabilities/oscillations of the polymer flow (caused by redistribution of charges). Improvement of polymer flow directionality and fiber diameter reduction are observed in comparison with conventional electrospinning. Fiber orientation can be obtained using parallel macro electrodes and micro electrodes.
Energy Harvesting Circuit Using Variable Capacitor with Higher Performance
Authors: Florentino Helder R. , Galayko Dimitri , Freire Raimundo C. S. , Luciano Benedito A. , Florentino Caio
Published: December 2020

The search for compact autonomous devices has been increasing in the microelectronics industry. These devices have the capacity to generate their own energy in order to be charged. One of the ways of harvesting environmental energy for charging such devices is by using mechanical vibrations through the use of variable capacitor. Taking this principle into account, this work presents a behavioral analysis of a system model of harvesting vibratory energy for low power, made up of a circuit which includes a variable capacitor. An architecture of a circuit which improves the relation concerning the amount of harvested energy/circuit area in relation to conventional architectures is also presented as well as a comparison between the circuit with the proposed architecture and the conventional circuit. In this way, it was verified that, under the same functioning conditions, the conventional circuit harvested a maximum power of 4,5 μW whereas the circuit with the new architecture harvested a 6,25 μW power.
Influence of Fin Shape and Temperature on Conventional and Strained MuGFETs’ Analog Parameters
Authors: Buhler Rudolf T. , Giacomini Renato , Martino João Antonio
Published: December 2020

This work evaluates two important technological variations of Triple-Gate FETs: the use of strained silicon and the occurrence of non-rectangular body cross-section. The anaysis is focused on the electrical parameters for analog applications, and covers a temperature range from 150 K to 400 K. The comparison of the intrinsic voltage gain between the different trapezoidal fin shapes showed that the fin shape can have a major role in some analog parameters than the use of the strained silicon technology, helping to improve those parameters under certain circumstances. The highest intrinsic voltage gains were obtained for strained devices with top fin width larger than bottom at low temperature. Besides the intrinsic voltage gain, were also studied: the threshold voltage, subthreshold swing, drain induced barrier lowering, channel resistance, total harmonic distortion, transconductance, transconductance to drain current ratio, output conductance, Early voltage, drain voltage saturation and unity gain frequency.
Table of Contents and Foreword
Authors: Lubaszewski Marcelo , Pavanello Marcelo Antonio
Published: December 2020

This issue of the Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems (JICS) features a very broad content, including papers on multiple gate devices, sensors and silicon photodiodes. Six of these papers have been selected from the presentations given at SBMicro2011 (26th Symposium on Microelectronics Technology and Devices), which has been held in João Pessoa, Brazil in 2011. Among the contributions presented at Symposium, only a few best rated were selected by the JICS Editorial Board and have been invited to submit an extended version to the Journal. These papers have been reviewed by external experts and have been accepted for the special section on best SBMicro2011 papers. In addition to the best papers presented at the conference, spontaneous submissions passed through the usual reviewing process and have been accepted as regular papers. We would like to thank the authors for their effort in preparing these high quality papers, as well as the reviewers for their help on paper selection, which guarantees the scientific level of this issue.We sincerely hope that JICS readers will enjoy these contributions.Marcelo Lubaszewski - JICS Editor-in-chiefMarcelo Antonio Pavanello - JICS Co-Editor
SOI n- and pMuGFET devices with different TiN metal gate thickness and crystallographic orientation of the sidewalls
Authors: Rodrigues Michele , Galeti Milene , Collaert Nadine , Simoen Eddy , Claeys Cor , Martino João Antonio
Published: December 2020

This work presents an analysis of SOI p- and nMuGFET devices with different TiN metal gate electrode thickness for rotated and standard structures.Thinner TiN metal gate allows achieving a higher intrinsic voltage gain in spite of the reduced variation observed of the gm/IDS characteristics. This effect can be attributed to the increased Early voltage values observed for thinner TiN metal gate. Even with the larger mobility of the rotated nMuGFET devices when compared with the standard ones, the larger output conductance degradation resulted in an almost similar intrinsic voltage gain. P-channel devices, when implemented on the rotated layout, offer a lower intrinsic voltage gain.The GIDL current was also analyzed on these devices, indicating to be larger in thinner metal gate and rotated configuration.
Relative-Air Humidity Sensing Element Based on Heat Transfer of a Single Micromachined Floating Polysilicon Resistor
Authors: Zambrozi Jr. Paulo , Fruett Fabiano
Published: December 2020

An air-humidity sensing element based on heat transfer mechanisms (conduction and convection) is presented. The sensing element is a single floating resistor of doped polysilicon, which operates in two phases: thermal actuation and thermal sensing. As thermal actuation, a convenient biasing current is applied to the resistor leading its self-heating by Joule Effect. As thermal sensing, the resistor biasing current is reduced and its Thermal Time Constant (τ) during the cool-down process is measured. Characterization results show that τ is closely related to the air relative humidity (%RH). This sensor presents a maximum power consumption of 5 mW.
Table of Contents and Foreword
Authors: Pavanello Marcelo Antonio , Moraes Fernando Gehm
Published: December 2020

In this issue of JICS some of the papers on this issue have been selected from the presented at SBCCI2012 (25th Symposium on Integrated Circuits and Systems Design), which has been held in Brasília, Brazil, in 2012. Also selected contributions from SPL2012 (VIII Southern Programmable Logic Conference) have been included. Among the contributions presented at these conferences, only a few best rated were selected by the JICS Editorial Board and have been invited to submit an extended version to the Journal. These extended papers have passed through the usual reviewing process before acceptance. In addition to the best papers presented at the mentioned conferences, spontaneous submissions passed through the usual reviewing process and have been accepted as regular papers. We would like to thank the authors for their effort in preparing these high quality papers, as well as the reviewers for their valuable contribution on paper evaluation and selection, which guarantees the scientific level of this issue. We sincerely hope that JICS readers will enjoy these contributions. We also would like to thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the financial support for this JICS Issue.Marcelo Antonio Pavanello - JICS Editor-in-chief Fernando Gehm Moraes - JICS Co-Editor
Design Of An Improved And Robust Asynchronous Wrapper (Aw) For FPGA Applications
Authors: Oliveira Duarte L. , Faria Lester A. , Lussari Eduardo
Published: December 2020

Contemporary digital systems must be based on the “System-on-Chip – SoC” concept. An interesting style for SoC design is the GALS paradigm (Globally Asynchronous, Locally Synchronous), which can be used to implement circuits in FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays). However the implementation of asynchronous interfaces (asynchronous wrapper – AW) constitutes a major drawback for this kind of devices. Although there is a typical AW design style, which is based on asynchronous controllers providing communication between modules (called ports), port controllers are subject to essentialhazard when implemented in FPGAs. In this context, this paper proposes a new asynchronous GALS wrapper architecture, suitable for implementations in any kind of FPGAs. The proposed port controllers showed to be essential-hazard-free, not needing any special cares in implementation concerning to LUTs choice. Additional advantages of the proposed architecture are: total autonomy that synchronous modules achieve when interacting with the asynchronous wrapper; the ports can be synthesized in the direct mapping style (so without knowledge of asynchronous logic synthesis); and the ports interact with environment in Ib/Ob Mode, not needing a timing analysis. Simulation results show the applicability of the proposed architecture and lead to its practical implementations in FPGAs.
Selective and Anisotropic Dry Etching of Ge over Si
Authors: Castro Marcelo S. B. , Barnola Sebastien , Glück Barbara
Published: December 2020

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching of Ge with high selectivity over Si and anisotropic etched profiles using CF4, HBr, SF6, and Cl2 reactive gases has been studied. Because pressure and biased power should be the most important parameters to drive selectivity and etch profile, they were varied from 4 to 50 mTorr and from 0 to 50 W, respectively, so as to investigate their influence on process. Total gas flow (100 sccm) and source power (350 W) were initially held constant. Selectivity greater than 100:1 of Ge over Si was achieved using 100 % Cl2 etch gas at 50 mTorr and zero bias power but the profile of the etched features was isotropic. With the addition of N2 to the feed gas (Cl2) the profile became more anisotropic. A three steps ICP etch process was developed with a final Ge/Si etch selectivity of 5:1 and anisotropic profiles.
Drain Current and Short Channel Effects Modeling in Junctionless Nanowire Transistors
Authors: Trevisoli Renan D. , Doria Rodrigo T. , De Souza Michelly , Pavanello Marcelo Antonio
Published: December 2020

Junctionless nanowire transistors (JNTs) are considered promising for the sub-20 nm era, since they provide a great scalability without the need for rigorously controlled doping techniques. In this work, the modeling of triple-gate JNTs is addressed, focusing on the short-channel effects. Analytical expressions for the subthreshold slope, threshold voltage roll-off and drain induced barrier lowering are presented. The model is validated using tridimensional numerical simulations.
Table of Contents and Foreword
Authors: Pavanello Marcelo Antonio , Kastensmidt Fernanda
Published: December 2020

In this issue of JICS some of the papers on this issue have been selected from the presented at SBCCI2013 (26th Symposium on Integrated Circuits and Systems Design), which has been held in Curitiba, Brazil, in 2013. Among the contributions presented at this conference, only a few best rated were selected by the JICS Editorial Board and have been invited to submit an extended version to the Journal. These extended papers have passed through the usual reviewing process before acceptance. In addition to the best papers presented at the mentioned conference, spontaneous submissions passed through the usual reviewing process and have been accepted as regular papers. We would like to thank the authors for their effort in preparing these high quality papers, as well as the reviewers for their valuable contribution on paper evaluation and selection, which guarantees the scientific level of this issue. We sincerely hope that JICS readers will enjoy these contributions.Marcelo Antonio Pavanello - JICS Editor-in-chief Fernanda Kastensmidt - JICS Co-Editor
Reliability Analysis of 0.5μm CMOS Operational Amplifiers under TID Effects
Authors: Cardoso Guilherme S. , Balen Tiago R. , Lubaszewski Marcelo S. , Gonçalez Odair L.
Published: December 2020

Analog integrated circuits operating in radiation environments. In previous irradiation experiments performed on a switched-capacitor filter, implemented in a programmable analog array, it was observed a sudden recovery of the device performance during the irradiation, while increasing the accumulated dose. In some cases the considered performance parameters (such as the total harmonic distortion) may even be enhanced if compared to the pre-irradiation measurements, in specific accumulated dose intervals. This behavior is associated to partial inactivity windows in the internal components of the device. Spice simulations considering two complementary architectures of a simple CMOS Operational Amplifier (OpAmp) are performed, aiming to understand the origins of this effect. Results indicate that shifts on the operating point of the amplifier building blocks are responsible for the degradation and recovery of the OpAmp performance. Results also show that specific architectures, as well as, application constraints (such as the external feedback and the input signal amplitude and frequency) may result in different robustness levels related to the linear applications of the OpAmps in radiation environments.
Drop of Thermal Contact Resistance between Multi-Layer Graphene and Metals by Laser Annealing
Authors: Ermakov Victor A. , Vaz Alfredo R. , Alaferdov Andrei V. , Moshkalev Stanislav A.
Published: December 2020

Significant drop of thermal contact resistance between a graphene flake and metal electrodes was shown as a result of laser annealing. The improvement of thermal contacts of initially rough metal electrodes is attributed to local melting of the metal surface caused by laser heating followed by increasing of real metal-graphene contact area.
Love Wave Sensor Based on Thin Film Molecularly Imprinted Polymer: Study of VOCs adsorption
Authors: Hallil H. , Omar Aouled N. , Plano B. , Delépée R. , Agrofoglio L. , Dejous C. , Rebière D.
Published: December 2020

The overall objective of this work is to develop and to validate a quantitative, non-invasive diagnosis tool to monitor the efficiency of colorectal cancer chemotherapy. This paper deals with the validation of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) thin film’s coating process, allowing high sensitivity of the resulting microsensor. After description of the Love wave sensor and of the MIP coating process, the functionality of the resulting device is proved with electrical characterization. Deep characterization of the thin film - morphology and print effect - is proposed, based on dynamical responses observed under exposure to different vapors. Results point out a good reproducibility of polymeric films. MIP layers increased responses of sensors to vapors by a factor 3 to 4 compared to bare devices or to devices coated with non-imprinted polymer (NIP). For example, exposure to 4000mg/m3 (2126ppm) of ethanol in nitrogen induced a frequency shift of -1.4/-0.4kHz with MIP/NIP-coated sensor, respectively.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Teknologi Informasi Berbasis Produk bagi Calon Guru melalui Kegiatan Study Group Prodi Tadris Fisika FTK UIN Mataram
Authors: Arizona Kurniawan
Published: December 2020

Kompetensi di bidang teknologi informasi di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 menjadi suatu keniscayaan terutama bagi seorang calon pendidik. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk mengasah kompetensi teknologi informasi di bidang pendidikan bagi calon guru di Prodi Tadris Fisika FTK UIN Mataram dengan berbasis produk. Kegiatan ini telah dilaksanakan pada tanggal 11 September sampai 9 Oktober 2019 di Ponpes Darul Qur’an (Kampus Relokasi UIN Mataram). Peserta kegiatan terdiri atas calon guru (mahasiswa semester V dan VII Prodi Tadris Fisika FTK UIN Mataram). Materi pengabdian terdiri atas 1) penggunaan Google Classroom, 2) pembuatan video pembelajaran, 3) blog pembelajaran, 4) media poster (leaflet) dan 5) penyusunan soal berbasis komputer (CBT). Pengabdian dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu pemberian materi setiap pekan, pendampingan dalam bentuk praktik langsung, penugasan, dan penilaian terhadap produk yang telah dilakukan. Setiap peserta dibagi menjadai beberapa kelompok untuk mengurai keterbatasan peserta yang tidak memiliki laptop atau smartphone. Di akhir pengabdian peserta diberikan form isian melalui Google Form sebagai bahan evaluasi pelaksaan study group. Berdasarkan analisis respon peserta terhadap kegiatan study group, rata-rata peserta memberi tanggapan dengan kategori sangat baik. Produk yang dihasilkan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini yaitu Blog Prodi Tadris Fisika, Channel Youtube Prodi Tadris Fisika, video pembelajaran, poster (leaflet) pebelajaran dan soal CBT fisika.
Evaluation of Alternate Insecticides for the Management of Rhinoceros Beetle,(Oryctes rhinoceros L.) in Coconut Ecosystems
Authors:   Coconut Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Aliyarnagar, Coimbatore (Dt.) Tamil Nadu, T Srinivasan , N Shoba
Published: December 2020

Young coconut palms in the age group of one to six years are frequently succumbed to attack in the crown region especially the spear leaf due to rhinoceros beetles. Damage by the beetle results in ‘V’ shaped cuts in the leaf lamina and repeated attacks by the pest results in reduced leaf area for photosynthesis. The available insecticide for the management of rhinoceros beetles viz., phorate, carbofuran, etc. though effective, are found to be toxic to non target organisms and hence alternate insecticides were evaluated for the management of the black beetles. Among the different insecticides tested in farmers fields, chlorpyriphos 1.5%DP and chlorantraniliprole 0.4% GR insecticides along with 100-150 gram of sand are effective in reducing the leaf and spindle damage as effective as phorate 10G insecticide. Considering the harmful nature of phorate, insecticides viz., chlorantranliprole and chlorpyriphos can be recommended for the management of rhinoceros beetle in coconut ecosystems which are both efficacious as well as cost effective
Impact of e - Velanmai Model of Extension Service in Tamil Nadu
Authors:   1&3(Agrl. Extension), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 03 2 (Agrl. Extension), Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai - 01, D Prabha , Theodore Ravi Kumar , C Karthikeyan
Published: December 2020

“e-Velanmai” in a coordination of personal and ICT based agricultural extension approach implemented in Tamil Nadu to provide need based and timely advisories to farmers. An impact study of e-Velanmai model of extension, implemented by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, was undertaken in three districts viz., Coimbatore, Tirupur and Villupuram of Tamil Nadu with 90 beneficiary respondents and 90 non-beneficiary respondents. Research reveal that the beneficiary respondents were significantly higher in their extent of adoption of recommended technologies than that of the non-beneficiary respondents. Majority of the respondents had expressed medium level of social impact. Increasing the number of field coordinators, proving information on dayto-day market details and providing information on post harvest technology and value addition of coconut and other crops were the suggestions offered by the beneficiaries for improving the e-Velanmai services.
Strategi Jepang Dalam Mereformasi Administrasi : Literature Review
Authors: Seno Ramadhani Haryo
Published: December 2020

Focus of this research is to describe administrative reform process in one country, by finding the strategies of administrative reform in transforming and developing administration system in Japan. Descriptive qualitative analysis by study literature and examining secondary data as a data collection method use in this research. The result show that there are three strategies successful of administrative reform: (1) reorganizations; (2) deregulations; and (3) decentralization.  The conclusion of this research that are government must used its power to achieve the stated reform goals. The Japanese government has the courage non-populist policies by dissolving state ministries, recruiting civil servants, undertaking privatization, and gradually a bureaucratic culture that tends not to be innovative. Every change in Japan is preceded by an institutional order that is responsible for a particular problem and is ad-hoc (temporary). This shows that how Japan is controlled for certain problems by having targets that must be resolved. Realizing that political support is inevitable and even a necessity in implementing administrative reform in Japan.
FREUDIAN TRIPARTITE ON DETECTIVE FICTION: THE TOKYO ZODIAC MURDERS
Authors: Amelia Dina , Daud Jepri
Published: December 2020

Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis developed in the 1940s as mentioned in Barry (2002) was applied to unravel the unconscious psyche of a fictional character in the novel Tokyo Zodiac Murders by Soji Shimada. Tokiko, the villain in the story has been experiencing abusive treatment from her father, stepmother, and stepsisters.  The traumas she has received during her life has led to her decision to commit a well-prepared murder that could not be solved for decades. The qualitative method helps to identify and elaborate every component of the unconscious psyche of the villain, especially the Id, Ego, and Super-Ego in the story. The findings show that Tokiko’s Ego keeps her alive and survive to plan revenge on her family. Meanwhile, her Super-Ego fails to restrain herself from feeding her desire to conduct the vicious murder. Therefore, Tokiko’s Id is responsible for her action which is triggered by her devastating experiences. Her character remains committed and faithful to herself.
IGNITION, COMBUSTION, AND AGGLOMERATION OF HIGH-ENERGY MATERIALS BASED ON ALUMINUM AND BORON
Authors:   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Korotkikh A. G. ,   Tomsk State University, Arkhipov V. A. ,   Tomsk State University, Glotov O. G. ,   V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sorokin I. V. ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Selikhova E. A. ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University
Published: December 2020

The burning rate control of the high-energy materials (HEM) is mainly achieved by introducing the catalysts in composite solid propellant as well as by partial or complete replacement of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and ammonium nitrate by nitramines that change the equivalence ratio of formulation, or by varying the particle size of oxidizer and metal fuels. Promising metallic fuels are highly dispersed aluminum powders, which are characterized by different dispersity and passivation method, as well as bimetallic powders or mixtures of aluminum and other metals, their alloys, and metal powders with various coatings. In this study, the Al-based, Al/B-based, and Al/Fe-based HEM compositions have been used for comparative analysis of the ignition, combustion, and agglomeration characteristics. At the use of boron additive in the Al-based HEM, the ignition time is decreased by a factor of 1.2-1.4 and the burning rate is virtually unchanged as compared with that for the Al-based HEM. However, the agglomeration is significantly enhanced, which is manifested in the increase in the agglomerate particle content in condensed combustion products (CCP), increase in the agglomerate mean diameter, and increase in the unburned metal fraction in agglomerates.
CARTESIAN GRID METHOD FOR SIMULATING FLOWS WITH DETONATION WAVES IN THE AREAS WITH VARIABLE GEOMETRY
Authors:   Institute for Computer Aided Design of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Elesin V. V. , Sidorenko D. A. ,   Institute for Computer Aided Design of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lopato A. I. ,   Institute for Computer Aided Design of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Utkin P. S. ,   Institute for Computer Aided Design of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the development, realization in a code, and verification of the numerical algorithm of the Cartesian grid method for simulating twodimensional (2D) flows with detonation waves (DWs) in the areas with variable boundaries. The mathematical model is based on 2D Euler equations supplemented by the model of one-stage chemical kinetics. The detailed description of the algorithm is presented. The algorithm and its realization are verified on the problem of detonation initiation by a moving cylinder. The obtained results are compared with simulations of other authors. The grid convergence study is carried out.
ASSESSMENT OF APPLICABILITY OF ANSYS AUTODYN POWDER BURN MATERIAL MODEL TO COMBUSTION CALCULATIONS IN CONDITIONS OF INTERNAL BALLISTICS
Authors:   Department of Ballistics, Faculty of Mechatronics and Aerospace Military University of Technology, Fikus B. , Michalski J. ,   Department of Ballistics, Faculty of Mechatronics and Aerospace Military University of Technology
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of evaluation of the possibility of numerical modeling of combustion in conditions of interior ballistics using the Powder Burn material model available in AUTODYN software. In order to obtain the reference data which allows for error estimation, the self-developed algorithm is applied. Analyses are conducted for constant volume (closed vessel) and dynamic (piston propulsion problem) conditions. During the simulations, experimentally obtained input data available in the literature are applied. On the one hand, compatibility of the compared maximal values of pressure is found. On the other hand, the rise time for the AUTODYN model is much shorter. For the dynamic case, revealed differences in both parameters are significant. The possible reasons of the obtained discrepancy are the unphysical form of the equation of state of gases and different ways of calculating the burning process implemented into AUTODYN software, which should be corrected by the software developer.
ORGANIZATION OF LOW-EMISSION COMBUSTION OF FUEL-LEAN KEROSENE-AIR MIXTURES IN GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTORS
Authors:   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Sverdlov E. D. , Dubovitskii A. N. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Lebedev A. V. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Spiridonov K. I. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors
Published: December 2020

The article describes a principle developed by the present authors for low- emission combustion of “lean” kerosene-air mixtures in the low-emission combustor designed for Industrial Gas Turbines. The design of the low-emission combustor with multiple kerosene jets is described.
SIMULATION OF SUPERSONIC MIXING IN BURROWS-KURKOV COMBUSTOR BY USING SPALART-ALLMARAS REYNOLDS-AVERAGED NAVIER-STOKES METHOD
Authors:   Institute for Computer Aided Design of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Solomatin R. S. ,   Scientific Research Institute for System Analysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov I. V. ,   Institute for Computer Aided Design of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Scientific Research Institute for System Analysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

A numerical model of the turbulent mixing process between two parallel supersonic flows is considered. Model problem of hydrogen injection into the inert gas flow with Mach number M = 2.44 in the Burrows-Kurkov combustor is simulated in two and three dimensions for validating the Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model and diffusion model computational algorithms for multicomponent gas mixture. The system of averaged Navier-Stokes equations, closed with the turbulence model equation, is solved with the hybrid explicit-implicit LU-SGS-GMRES algorithm. Obtained results are compared with experimental and computational data.