bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Immunohistochemistry in Undifferentiated Neoplasms: A Practical Approach
Authors: Kandukuri Shivani R. , Lin Fan , Gui Lizhen , Gong Yun , Fan Fang , Chen Longwen , Cai Guoping , Liu Haiyan
Published: July 2017

Context.—

Advances in interventional technology have enhanced the ability to safely sample deep-seated suspicious lesions by fine-needle aspiration procedures. These procedures often yield scant amounts of diagnostic material, yet there is an increasing demand for the performance of more ancillary tests, especially immunohistochemistry and, not infrequently, molecular assays, to increase diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. A systematic approach to conserving diagnostic material is the key, and our previously proposed algorithm can be applied aptly in this context.

Objective.—

To elaborate a simple stepwise approach to the evaluation of cytology fine-needle aspiration specimens and small biopsy tissue specimens, illustrating the algorithmic application of small panels of immunohistochemical stains in providing an accurate diagnosis with scant amounts of tissue, including the potential pitfalls that may arise while using immunohistochemical staining on small quantities of tissue.

Data Sources.—

The sources include literature (PubMed), the first Chinese American Pathologists Association Diagnostic Pathology Course material, and the review authors' research data as well as practice experience. Seven examples selected from the CoPath database at Geisinger Medical Center (Danville, Pennsylvania) are illustrated.

Conclusions.—

A stepwise approach to the evaluation of fine-needle aspiration and small biopsy tissue specimens in conjunction with a small panel of select immunohistochemical stains has been successful in accurately assessing the lineage/origin of the metastatic tumors of unknown primaries. The awareness of the common pitfalls of these biomarkers is essential in many instances.
Immunohistochemistry in Gynecologic Pathology: An Example-Based Practical Update
Authors: Buza Natalia , Hui Pei
Published: July 2017

Context.—

Immunohistochemical stains are routinely applied in the pathology diagnostic workup of gynecologic lesions. The rapidly expanding repertoire of available markers helps in refining the diagnostic criteria for each disease entity; however, limitations and pitfalls exist.

Objective.—

To provide a practical, relevant update on the use of immunohistochemistry for commonly encountered differential diagnoses in gynecologic pathology.

Data Sources.—

Literature review and authors' diagnostic experience.

Conclusions.—

Immunohistochemistry is a helpful adjunct tool in gynecologic pathology. Although the primary application is in the diagnostic workup, novel prognostic and predictive markers, and immunostains to screen for genetic cancer syndromes, have also been recently introduced in the field.
The influence factors of job satisfaction and its relationship with turnover intention: Taking early-career employees as an example
Authors: Lee Xianyin , Yang Boxu , Li Wendong
Published: July 2017

Job satisfaction of early-career employees has a significant effect on employee work behavior and work attitude. This study investigated the influence factors of job satisfaction and its relationship with turnover intention. Early-career employees were selected as the research subject. Questionnaires were distributed and the stratified random sampling method was used to analyze the 418 samples collected. The dimensions of job satisfaction were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, and a structural equation model was constructed to discuss the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention. First, for early-career employees, job satisfaction as a higher order factor consists of 6 first-order factors; personal growth’s influence on job satisfaction is the greatest, with a path coefficient reaching .918. Next come salary and welfare, work itself, interpersonal relationships and leader behavior. Additionally, job competency has a minimal effect on job satisfaction; its path coefficient is only .214. Second, job satisfaction has a significantly negative effect on turnover intention, indicating that the job satisfaction structure of early-career employees has its unique characteristics because they focus more on personal growth and development space. Through improving job satisfaction, turnover behavior of early-career employees can be effectively controlled.
La muerte ante uno mismo. Respuestas de jóvenes estudiantes ante el pensamiento de la propia muerte.
Authors: Martí-García Celia , Fernández-Alcántara Manuel , Ruiz-Martín Laura , Montoya-Juárez Rafael , Hueso-Montoro Cesar , García-Caro M Paz
Published: July 2017

Narratives produced by thinking and reflecting about death and dying may be themselves a source of new knowledge in the study of anxiety and attitudes toward death.  A qualitative descriptive study aimed to explore the features of thoughts, emotions and feelings about young people's own death, (nursing students) was conducted. 85 students voluntarily answered a self-administered questionnaire with open questions based on Mortality Salience, used in the Terror Management Theory. Content analysis using Atlas.ti software was performed. When reflecting upon their own death, participants reported substantive emotions such as fear, pain, distress, sadness or loneliness. The fear of their own death was specified as the inability to achieve goals in life, to leave the family and the dying process itself. When reflecting upon been physically dead, attributes of the decomposition of the body, spiritual attributes, beliefs, denial and preferences were identified. Cultural worldview, values and beliefs of each person were remarkably present when thinking about their own death.
Parental control in interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory: a study with a Spanish sample using Parents’ Version of Parental Acceptation-Rejection/Control Questionnaire
Authors: Fernández-García Carmen-María , Rodríguez-Menéndez Carmen , Peña-Calvo José-Vicente
Published: July 2017

Interpersonal Acceptance-Rejection theory (IPARTheory) provides a good theoretical framework to explain the parenting dimensions that influence children’s social, cognitive and emotional adjustment. This theory develops one main dimension, warmth-rejection, where warmth would be one pole of the dimension and rejection the opposite one.  Besides, the theory has also defined behavioral control dimension with two poles: permissiveness-strictness. In the context of this theory, our study was conducted with a sample of Spanish parents to (a) examine whether parental perceived acceptance-rejection was related to parental behavioral control; (2) analyze how behavioral control dimension worked in acceptance-rejection theory; and (3) examine whether there were differences in the relations obtained between fathers and mothers. We have to conclude that control behavior correlates positively with warmth behaviors. Fathers’ and mothers’ correlations among these dimensions show that parents can develop certain control behaviors but that they are compatible with affection conducts.
Un viaje alrededor de alfa y omega para estimar la fiabilidad de consistencia interna
Authors: Viladrich Carme , Angulo-Brunet Ariadna , Doval Eduardo
Published: July 2017

Based on recent psychometric developments, this paper presents a conceptual and practical guide for estimating internal consistency reliability of measures obtained as item sum or mean. The internal consistency reliability coefficient is presented as a by-product of the measurement model underlying the item responses. A three-step procedure is proposed for its estimation, including descriptive data analysis, test of relevant measurement models, and computation of internal consistency coefficient and its confidence interval. Provided formulas include: (a) Cronbach’s alpha and omega coefficients for unidimensional measures with quantitative item response scales, (b) coefficients ordinal omega, ordinal alpha and nonlinear reliability for unidimensional measures with dichotomic and ordinal items, (c) coefficients omega and omega hierarchical for essentially unidimensional scales presenting method effects. The procedure is generalized to weighted sum measures, multidimensional scales, complex designs with multilevel and/or missing data and to scale development. Four illustrative numerical examples are fully explained and the data and the R syntax are provided.
Análisis de datos observacionales mediante la Teoría de la Generalizabilidad y la utilización del Modelo Lineal General y Mixto: Un estudio empírico de desarrollo infantil
Authors: Blanco-Villaseñor Angel , Escolano-Pérez Elena
Published: July 2017

Accurate evaluation of early childhood competencies is essential for favoring optimal development, as the first years of life form the foundations for later learning and development. Nonetheless, there are still certain limitations and deficiencies related to how infant learning and development are measured. With the aim of helping to overcome some of the difficulties, in this article we describe the potential and advantages of new data analysis techniques for checking the quality of data collected by the systematic observation of infants and assessing variability. Logical and executive activity of 48 children was observed in three ages (18, 21 and 24 months) using a nomothetic, follow-up and multidimensional observational design.

Given the nature of the data analyzed, we provide a detailed methodological and analytical overview of generalizability theory from three perspectives linked to observational methodology: intra- and inter-observer reliability, instrument validity, and sample size estimation, with a particular focus on the participant facet. The aim was to identify the optimal number of facets and levels needed to perform a systematic observational study of very young children.

We also discuss the use of other techniques such as general and mixed linear models to analyze variability of learning and development.

Results show how the use of Generalizability Theory allows controlling the quality of observational data in a global structure integrating reliability, validity and generalizability.
Análisis multivariante en las faltas indirectas de la FIFA World Cup 2014
Authors: Maneiro Dios Rubén , Losada López José Luis , Casal Sanjurjo Claudio Alberto , Ardá Suárez Antonio
Published: July 2017

Indirect free kicks are relatively common in soccer and have the potential to change the outcome of a match. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of these kicks, to identify variables associated with success, and propose a model for optimal execution.

We analyzed and coded 506 indirect free kicks taken in 64 matches during the FIFA 2014 World Cup in Brazil and conducted univariate, bivariate (chi-square), and multivariate (binary logistic regression) analyses. Our results show very low success rates in terms of shots, shots between the posts, and goals. Nevertheless, 89% of goals scored from indirect free kicks led to the teams gaining valuable points. Determinants of success included a dynamic attack based on the creation and occupation of spaces and the intervention of up to four attackers.  Our findings offer an interesting starting point for trainers to build on tactical strategies designed to improve free-kick performance.
Versión reducida del cuestionario CMA de Metas para Adolescentes (CMA-R)
Authors: López Mora Clara , González Hernández Juan , Garcés de los Fayos Ruiz Enrique Javier , Portoles Ariño Alberto
Published: July 2017

La conducta del individuo se regula de acuerdo a unos objetivos que reflejan una concepción de sí mismo y del entorno. Conocer las motivaciones que desencadenan la conducta de los seres humanos en una dirección determinada, es sumamente interesante y más aún si somos capaces de determinar patrones y relaciones con el resto de características que componen a una persona. El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido desarrollar una versión reducida del Cuestionario de Metas para Adolescentes (CMA; Sanz de Acedo Lizarraga, Ugarte, & Lumbreras, 2003) para su uso en la detección metas que persiguen los adolescentes. Utilizando el CFA se analiza la estructura dimensional de las metas en una muestra de 1385 participantes, 694 varones (51.1%) y 691 mujeres (49.9%), con una edad media de 15.13 años (DT = 1.88).Los resultados indican que tanto el CMA original como la versión reducida (CMA-R) presentan un comportamiento psicométrico sólido y adecuado. Los niveles de consistencia interna para las distintas dimensiones de la versión original oscilan entre .875 y .664, y para la versión reducida entre .845 y .656. Las correlaciones entre las dimensiones de ambas versiones son elevadas y estadísticamente significativas.
Adultos que conforman menores en una escuela de colores. Actitudes de progenitores y profesores ante la diversidad cultural
Authors: Antonio Rodríguez Fuentes , Fernández Fernández Alejandro Daniel
Published: July 2017

 

Las actitudes de adultos (progenitores y profesorado) determinan las de menores (hijos y alumnos), además del propio acto didáctico del aula cuando se produce en circunstancias de diversidad cultural; lo cual no es extraño, dada la proliferación de escolarización de alumnos de distintas culturas en los centros actuales. Por ello, este artículo estudia esta dimensión actitudinal a través de una metodología combinada que ofrece riqueza de datos y significación estadística. Emplea como recogida de datos la entrevista a 22 padres y madres y a 24 profesores, considerados como sendos casos de estudio. A sus declaraciones se aplica el análisis de contenido a posteriori, para describir el patrón actitudinal dominante, y análisis porcentuales e inferenciales, para cuantificar los grados de acuerdo y las diferencias intracaso e intercasos. Se observan deficiencias actitudinales y diferencias entre los casos que pudieran generar confusión y búsqueda alternativa de comportamientos actitudinales en otros ámbitos sociales.
Expectativas socioeducativas de alumnas inmigrantes: escuchando sus voces
Authors: Fernández-Larragueta Susana , Fernández-Sierra Juan , Rodorigo Monia
Published: July 2017

La incorporación de estudiantes inmigrantes en nuestras escuelas, ha generado la necesidad de construir espacios interculturales que favorezcan, además del desarrollo cognitivo, su inclusión académica y sociolaboral. En el marco de un estudio multicaso más amplio, hemos llevado a cabo doce historias singulares de vida socioeducativa a alumnas inmigrantes, que nos ha permitido conocer a través de sus voces qué elementos tienen incidencia significativa en la construcción de sus expectativas sociales y educativas. Se ha elaborado un relato cruzado a partir del análisis cualitativo de temas emergentes categorizando información de diversos instrumentos. El estudio confronta cómo ciertas creencias estereotipadas del profesorado y prácticas pedagógicas envejecidas, junto a ciertas presiones machistas y xenófobas del ambiente, producen desamparo educativo y desconfianza en dichas jóvenes. Pero también, cómo el apoyo de las madres, de compañeras y algunos docentes innovadores y comprometidos, ponen el contrapunto recreándoles ilusiones y expectativas positivas de futuro escolar y sociolaboral.
Dimensiones predictivas del constructo violencia escolar en la educación secundaria obligatoria
Authors: Domínguez Alonso José , Álvarez Roales Enrique , Vázquez Varela Elia
Published: July 2017

Introducción. Las causas que han originado la violencia en los centros educativos son muy diversas y a menudo interrelacionadas. El presente estudio analiza la capacidad de predicción de las diferentes dimensiones que conforman el constructo violencia escolar.

Método. Para identificar las dimensiones predictivas de la violencia escolar se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. Participaron 4.943 estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (51.2% chicas y 48.8% chicos) de entre 13 y 16 años (Media = 14.04; DT = 1.38) de la Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia (España), los cuales respondieron al cuestionario de violencia escolar CUVE3-ESO. Resultados.

Los resultados sugieren que la violencia escolar se puede predecir en mayor medida por las dimensiones: violencia del alumnado hacia el alumnado (explica un 27.28% de la varianza) y violencia del alumnado hacia el profesorado y amenazas entre estudiantes (explica un 21.06% de la varianza). Finalmente, es significativa pero escasa la aportación de las cinco dimensiones restantes: violencia del profesorado hacia el alumnado (3.92% de la varianza), disrupción en el aula (3.68% de la varianza), violencia física del alumnado (2.84% de la varianza), exclusión social (1.52% de la varianza) y violencia física indirecta (1.42% de la varianza).

Discusión. Los análisis de regresión revelaron que los escolares implicados en  conductas violentas hacia sus compañeros o profesorado presentan una mayor predisposición de ejercer violencia escolar. Estos novedosos resultados muestran la importancia de incluir la violencia del alumnado en los programas de prevención de la conflictividad en los centros educativos.
Competencias digitales de las mujeres en el uso de las redes sociales virtuales: diferencias según perfil laboral
Authors: Rebollo Catalán Ángeles , Mayor Buzón Virginia , García Pérez Rafael
Published: July 2017

Este artículo presenta resultados parciales de la investigación “las mujeres como tejedoras de las redes sociales: estrategias relacionales e inclusión digital”, financiada por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. El objetivo del estudio es conocer las competencias digitales de las mujeres en el uso de las redes sociales y determinar perfiles según su nivel de habilidad en las redes. Además, analizamos las diferencias en la competencia digital en función de la situación laboral de las mujeres. Con este fin, se realizó una encuesta de 1340 mujeres con diferentes perfiles en función de su situación laboral y su edad. Se aplicó una escala para medir las competencias digitales en el uso de redes sociales, que obtuvo índices óptimos de validez y fiabilidad. Los resultados muestran un nivel medio-alto de competencias en el uso de las redes sociales, siendo las mujeres profesionales y emprendedoras las que muestran competencias más avanzadas respecto a las mujeres desempleadas. Todas ellas tienen poco desarrolladas las competencias de manejo de información y creación de contenidos, lo que tiene repercusión en la formación para el empleo.
Funciones de la tutoría en e-learning: estudio mixto de los roles del tutor online
Authors: Fernández Jiménez Miguel Ángel , Mena Rodríguez Esther , Tójar Hurtado Juan Carlos
Published: July 2017

Desde que en 1924 el Pressey Testing Machine apareció en la historia de la educación hasta el 2013 donde los MOOC están presentes a nivel mundial, el e-learning ha sufrido una evolución constante. Ello se ha debido en parte a que es una nueva forma de aprendizaje adaptado a las necesidades de una sociedad cambiante, en la que los trabajadores necesitan capacitarse fuera de su horario laboral. De esta manera, la investigación en los procesos implícitos en el e-learning se hace imprescindible de cara a la mejora de la calidad de esta modalidad de formación. Por ello el objetivo de esta investigación se dirigió a 1) analizar las funciones que los formadores llevan a cabo en sus acciones formativas y, 2) investigar cómo aprecian los estudiantes esas funciones. La metodología aplicada es un diseño mixto para adecuarse lo mejor posible a los objetivos de la investigación. Se ha utilizado una muestra de 707 estudiantes y otra muestra de los tutores de 29 cursos, ambas pertenecientes a un proyecto de formación continua de trabajadores de pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES). De los resultados obtenidos es posible conocer las funciones que los tutores han llevado a cabo y, a partir de ahí, construir algunos “marcos teóricos” que permitan comprender las relaciones entre categorías y dimensiones que subyacen a este tipo de formación. Del mismo modo, se han podido determinar diferentes tipologías de tutores dependiendo de los roles que han desempeñado.
Contingent authority and youth influence: When youth councils can wield influence in public institutions
Authors: Booker Angela
Published: July 2017

Studies of youth public participation have dealt with varied conceptions of citizenship that emerge from literatures on human rights, civic engagement, youth development, and youth organizing and activism. Where those conceptions rely on developmental logics that limit or exclude youth participation, young people’s attempts to gain authority reveal concurrent ways they navigate these multiple conceptions of participation. Drawing on an 18-month ethnographic study, the analysis presented here focuses on a specific venue for youth participation: a student advisory board. Data includes participant observation, interviews, and artifacts including resolutions and emails. Twenty-one of 27 students, representing roughly 15 high schools in their school district, participated in the study. When students attended to paperwork like bylaws and the state education code, they gained access to contingent authority, a limited but influential form of Weberian authority. Key implications of the study indicate that while youth advisory councils can reliably produce exclusion on developmental grounds, they can also provide the parameters for establishing contingent authority. Paperwork is a key to accessing this form of bureaucratic authority, but exercising it requires sustained, public practice. This article contributes to literatures on youth studies, public participation and more broadly to sociology of education.
Aplicación de un libro electrónico para el aprendizaje de la hoja de cálculo dirigido a estudiantes de sexto grado
Authors: Contreras Rodríguez Mario José
Published: July 2017

Este estudio se desarrolló en el nivel de sexto grado de primaria en la asignatura de informática. Supuso exponer al estudiante a la necesidad de interactuar con un medio didáctico digital en formato de libro electrónico, para mejorar el aprendizaje de la hoja de cálculo. Se enmarca dentro de la metodología denominada Comprensión Holística de la Investigación, holotipo interactivo. Para el diagnóstico se entrevistó a docentes de la especialidad, lo cual permitió describir los problemas que afectan la enseñanza de la hoja de cálculo. Luego se elaboró una propuesta de libro electrónico, con base en estrategias cognoscitivas, la cual se aplicó a una muestra de treinta y ocho alumnos. El procedimiento incluyó la administración de una prueba de conocimientos en calidad de pretest, luego se registró el desempeño de los estudiantes mediante la observación participante y, posteriormente, se aplicó el postest. Se utilizaron técnicas de análisis cuantitativo, a través del procesamiento estadístico, y cualitativo de acuerdo al paradigma naturalista. Esto último incluyó la descripción de los eventos e interpretación apoyada por la teoría correspondiente. Los resultados, desde lo cuantitativo, sugieren que los cambios apreciados se debieron a la intervención realizada. En lo cualitativo, los alumnos realizaron ajustes en cuanto a la manera de accionar frente a un material novedoso, lo cual abarcó la lectura no lineal, resolver situaciones e interactuar con el docente y sus compañeros, como parte de un proceso de elaboración y construcción. En este sentido, las evidencias reflejaron un desarrollo en las habilidades de tipo procedimental y la capacidad de manejar información de manera fragmentaria y asociativa.

 
Entrevista a George Veletsianos
Authors: Veletsianos George
Published: July 2017

Entrevista Nº 2
Identidad digital, ser, estar y actuar en la red
Authors: Gutiérrez Porlán Isabel
Published: July 2017

Editorial Nº 2
Rapid Response Systems: how to interpret levels of evidence
Authors: Difonzo Marcello
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The Rapid Response System (RRS) has been introduced to prevent cardiac arrest, unplanned admissions to the intensive care unit, and death in hospitalized patients. Despite the constant and widespread presence of this system in worldwide hospitals, it remains debated whether its use improves patient outcomes. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the available evidence supporting the effectiveness of RRSs and to discuss the controversies on the lack of level 1 evidence studies.METHODS: The literature search covers the period from 1 January 2000 to 31 March 2016.RESULTS: Studies with different research designs, observational, quasi-experimental with non-randomized control group and experimental, and aggregate data of meta-analyses indicate a statistically significant reduction of in-hospital cardiac arrests and hospital mortality associated with the deployment of RRSs.CONCLUSIONS: A RRS is a complex intervention in a complex system, such as a hospital. This complexity does not allow considering experimental trials only as the most appropriate methodology to answer at research objectives. Furthermore, the benefits of a RRS depend greatly on its proper use. Accumulating evidence suggests the importance to investigate barriers and facilitators that can affect the integration, within a hospital, of this complex intervention.
Film Adaptation as an Act of Communication: Adopting a Translation-oriented Approach to the Analysis of Adaptation Shifts
Authors: Perdikaki Katerina
Published: July 2017

Contemporary theoretical trends in Adaptation Studies and Translation Studies (Aragay 2005; Catrysse 2014; Milton 2009; Venuti 2007) envisage synergies between the two areas that can contribute to the sociocultural and artistic value of adaptations. This suggests the application of theoretical insights derived from Translation Studies to the adaptation of novels for the screen (i.e., film adaptations). It is argued that the process of transposing a novel into a filmic product entails an act of bidirectional communication between the book, the novel and the involved contexts of production and reception. Particular emphasis is placed on the role that context plays in this communication. Context here is taken to include paratextual material pertinent to the adapted text and to the film. Such paratext may lead to fruitful analyses of adaptations and, thus, surpass the myopic criterion of fidelity which has traditionally dominated Adaptation Studies. The analysis uses examples of adaptation shifts (i.e., changes between the source novel and the film adaptation) from the filmP.S. I Love You(LaGravenese 2007), which are examined against interviews of the author, the director and the cast, the film trailer and one film review.
Domaines économiques et axes d’embauche des philologues français et des traducteurs en Pologne
Authors: Kuznik Anna , Little Virginie
Published: July 2017

L’objectif de cet article est de déterminer dans quelles conditions s’est opérée l’insertion professionnelle des diplômés des études de philologie française, y compris des traducteurs, détenteurs d’un diplôme de premier cycle (licence) en Pologne de 2011 à 2014. Dans une approche inductive, nous analysons quatre groupes de données empiriques, collectées parmi les étudiants de l’Institut d’études romanes de l’Université de Wrocław et leurs employeurs. Deux groupes de données (deux enquêtes) correspondent au versant « étudiants » et ont été présentés en détail dans une publication précédente. Dans le présent article, nous nous penchons sur les deux groupes de données suivants, provenant cette fois-ci du versant « employeurs » : une analyse du contenu de la documentation élaborée à l’occasion de la gestion des stages professionnels et des offres d’emploi de différents types, adressées à tous les étudiants dudit institut. L’image finale synoptique qui en résulte, comportant une configuration des domaines économiques et des axes d’embauche, représente une situation cohérente, dans laquelle, avec la progression des études, les domaines économiques se concrétisent et s’enrichissent, et les axes d’embauche se dessinent plus nettement.
The heritability of multi-modal connectivity in human brain activity
Authors: Colclough Giles L , Smith Stephen M , Nichols Thomas E , Winkler Anderson M , Sotiropoulos Stamatios N , Glasser Matthew F , Van Essen David C , Woolrich Mark W
Published: July 2017

Patterns of intrinsic human brain activity exhibit a profile of functional connectivity that is associated with behaviour and cognitive performance, and deteriorates with disease. This paper investigates the relative importance of genetic factors and the common environment between twins in determining this functional connectivity profile. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on 820 subjects from the Human Connectome Project, and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings from a subset, the heritability of connectivity among 39 cortical regions was estimated. On average over all connections, genes account for about 15% of the observed variance in fMRI connectivity (and about 10% in alpha-band and 20% in beta-band oscillatory power synchronisation), which substantially exceeds the contribution from the environment shared between twins. Therefore, insofar as twins share a common upbringing, it appears that genes, rather than the developmental environment, have the dominant role in determining the coupling of neuronal activity.
Early tissue damage and microstructural reorganization predict disease severity in experimental epilepsy
Authors: Janz Philipp , Schwaderlapp Niels , Heining Katharina , Häussler Ute , Korvink Jan G , von Elverfeldt Dominik , Hennig Jürgen , Egert Ulrich , LeVan Pierre , Haas Carola A
Published: July 2017

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is the most common focal epilepsy in adults and is often refractory to medication. So far, resection of the epileptogenic focus represents the only curative therapy. It is unknown whether pathological processes preceding epilepsy onset are indicators of later disease severity. Using longitudinal multi-modal MRI, we monitored hippocampal injury and tissue reorganization during epileptogenesis in a mouse mTLE model. The prognostic value of MRI biomarkers was assessed by retrospective correlations with pathological hallmarks Here, we show for the first time that the extent of early hippocampal neurodegeneration and progressive microstructural changes in the dentate gyrus translate to the severity of hippocampal sclerosis and seizure burden in chronic epilepsy. Moreover, we demonstrate that structural MRI biomarkers reflect the extent of sclerosis in human hippocampi. Our findings may allow an early prognosis of disease severity in mTLE before its first clinical manifestations, thus expanding the therapeutic window.
Maturation of selected human mitochondrial tRNAs requires deadenylation
Authors: Pearce Sarah F , Rorbach Joanna , Haute Lindsey Van , D’Souza Aaron R , Rebelo-Guiomar Pedro , Powell Christopher A , Brierley Ian , Firth Andrew E , Minczuk Michal
Published: July 2017

Human mitochondria contain a genome (mtDNA) that encodes essential subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system. Expression of mtDNA entails multi-step maturation of precursor RNA. In other systems, the RNA life cycle involves surveillance mechanisms, however, the details of RNA quality control have not been extensively characterised in human mitochondria. Using a mitochondrial ribosome profiling and mitochondrial poly(A)-tail RNA sequencing (MPAT-Seq) assay, we identify the poly(A)-specific exoribonuclease PDE12 as a major factor for the quality control of mitochondrial non-coding RNAs. The lack of PDE12 results in a spurious polyadenylation of the 3’ ends of the mitochondrial (mt-) rRNA and mt-tRNA. While the aberrant adenylation of 16S mt-rRNA did not affect the integrity of the mitoribosome, spurious poly(A) additions to mt-tRNA led to reduced levels of aminoacylated pool of certain mt-tRNAs and mitoribosome stalling at the corresponding codons. Therefore, our data uncover a new, deadenylation-dependent mtRNA maturation pathway in human mitochondria.
Searching for epilepsy’s crystal ball
Authors: Gröhn Olli , Sierra Alejandra
Published: July 2017

Multi-modal MRI techniques have identified biomarkers that could help to predict whether someone will develop epilepsy.
Antimicrobial activities of widely consumed herbal teas, alone or in combination with antibiotics: anin vitrostudy
Authors: Hacioglu Mayram , Dosler Sibel , Birteksoz Tan Ayse Seher , Otuk Gulten
Published: July 2017

Background

Because of increasing antibiotic resistance, herbal teas are the most popular natural alternatives for the treatment of infectious diseases, and are currently gaining more importance. We examined the antimicrobial activities of 31 herbal teas both alone and in combination with antibiotics or antifungals against some standard and clinical isolates ofPseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter baumannii,Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Enterococcus faecalis, methicillin susceptible/resistantStaphylococcus aureusandCandida albicans.

Methods

The antimicrobial activities of the teas were determined by using the disk diffusion and microbroth dilution methods, and the combination studies were examined by using the microbroth checkerboard and the time killing curve methods.

Results

Rosehip, rosehip bag, pomegranate blossom, thyme, wormwood, mint, echinacea bag, cinnamon, black, and green teas were active against most of the studied microorganisms. In the combination studies, we characterized all the expected effects (synergistic, additive, and antagonistic) between the teas and the antimicrobials. While synergy was observed more frequently between ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, or nystatine, and the various tea combinations, most of the effects between the ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, cefuroxime, or amikacin and various tea combinations, particularly rosehip, rosehip bag, and pomegranate blossom teas, were antagonistic. The results of the time kill curve analyses showed that none of the herbal teas were bactericidal in their usage concentrations; however, in combination with antibiotics they showed some bactericidal effect.

Discussion

Some herbal teas, particularly rosehip and pomegranate blossom should be avoided because of their antagonistic interactions with some antibiotics during the course of antibiotic treatment or they should be consumed alone for their antimicrobial activities.
Geometric morphometrics reveals sex-differential shape allometry in a spider
Authors: Fernández-Montraveta Carmen , Marugán-Lobón Jesús
Published: July 2017

Common scientific wisdom assumes that spider sexual dimorphism (SD) mostly results from sexual selection operating on males. However, testing predictions from this hypothesis, particularly male size hyperallometry, has been restricted by methodological constraints. Here, using geometric morphometrics (GMM) we studied for the first time sex-differential shape allometry in a spider (Donacosa merlini, Araneae: Lycosidae) known to exhibit the reverse pattern (i.e., male-biased) of spider sexual size dimorphism. GMM reveals previously undetected sex-differential shape allometry and sex-related shape differences that are size independent (i.e., associated to the y-intercept, and not to size scaling). Sexual shape dimorphism affects both the relative carapace-to-opisthosoma size and the carapace geometry, arguably resulting from sex differences in both reproductive roles (female egg load and male competition) and life styles (wandering males and burrowing females). Our results demonstrate that body portions may vary modularly in response to different selection pressures, giving rise to sex differences in shape, which reconciles previously considered mutually exclusive interpretations about the origins of spider SD.
The salivary gland salivation stimulating peptide from Locusta migratoria (Lom-SG-SASP) is not a typical neuropeptide
Authors: Veenstra Jan A.
Published: July 2017

The salivary gland salivation stimulating peptide was identified from the salivary glands of the migratory locust by its ability to stimulate cAMP production in the same tissue. The gene coding for this peptide has recently been identified and been shown to code for a precursor consisting of a signal peptide, several copies of the peptide separated by Lys–Arg doublets and a few other peptides. These data are consistent with it being a neuropeptide. However, antiserum raised to this peptide labels the acini of the salivary glands while RT-PCR only gives positive results in the salivary gland, but not in any ganglion of the central nervous system. Thus, this peptide is not a typical neuropeptide as previously assumed.
O pedagogo francês Fernand Deligny (1913-1996) e a sensibilidade estética da existência autista.
Authors: Matos Sonia Reginada Luz
Published: July 2017

O texto descreve algumas linhas biográficas do educador francês Fernand Deligny (1913-1996) — ainda pouco estudado no Brasil no campo da educação —, logo segue outras linhas, com os temas e as noções do livro O aracniano e outros textos (2015). Sua prática pedagógica contorna um processo de escritura que acontece continuamente durante as investigações e experiências de campo na área da educação junto aos autistas.
Prevalência de constipação intestinal em estudantes de fisioterapia de uma Universidade de Maceió/AL
Authors: Bomfim Izabelle Quintiliano , Nunes Luana Santos , Alves Tamara Cavalcanti
Published: July 2017

A Constipação Intestinal (CI) é caracterizada pelo funcionamento inadequado do trato intestinal. Ingressar na faculdade, para muitos estudantes resulta na ocorrência de fatores característicos do meio acadêmico (stress, horários desregulados para as refeições, dificuldade em evacuar fora de casa, sedentarismo) que podem contribuir para CI. Objetivo. Determinar a prevalência de constipação intestinal em estudantes de Fisioterapia de uma universidade de Maceió/AL. Métodos. Estudo epidemiológico, transversal e descritivo com estudantes do curso de graduação de Fisioterapia da Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado formulários individuais com questões objetivas (perfil socioeconômico e demográfico, hábitos de vida, fatores de risco associados e os critérios de diagnóstico de Roma III para CI.), a definição de CI se deu por meio dos Critérios de Roma III. A amostra foi constituída por 104 estudantes de Fisioterapia, do primeiro ao quarto ano e acima de 18 anos. Os dados foram coletados em um formulário padronizado impresso e posteriormente digitados em formulário eletrônico do software Epi Info 7.0.Feito isso, foi utilizado o software Biostat 5.0, por meio do qual foi conduzida a estatística descritiva e analítica. Resultados. A taxa de prevalência de CI foi de 44% onde houve a maior prevalência no sexo feminino (85%).  Conclusão. Foi encontrada uma alta prevalência de constipados em relação a outros estudos que utilizaram os mesmos critérios de diagnóstico. Faz-se necessário, a realização de novas pesquisas mais detalhadas, com o intuito de aprofundar os conhecimentos neste tema.
Uso da isotretinoína no tratamento da acne e sua relação com a halitose
Authors: Kolbe Ana Christina , Silva Fernando Lima
Published: July 2017

Acne é uma doença inflamatória crônica da unidade pilossebácea. Está entre as patologias dermatológicas mais comuns, afetando a população em qualquer fase da sua vida. O tratamento mais utilizado para a acne de graus moderado a grave é feito através da isotretinoína oral. A isotretinoína é um tipo de retinóide, quimicamente conhecida como ácido 13-cisretinóico. Os retinóides atuam no crescimento e diferenciação das células epidérmicas, assim como interferem na atividade da glândula sebácea e possuem propriedades imunomoduladoras e anti-inflamatórias. A forma mais difundida de retinóides atualmente é a isotretinoína. Esse retinóide apresenta forte potencial xerostômico, e sua administração sistêmica leva ao ressecamento de diversas estruturas orais e não orais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma breve revisão de literatura sobre o uso da isotretinoína no tratamento da acne e verificar como essa medicação pode levar à halitose. Foi realizada revisão bibliográfica na base de dados LILACS, SciELO, Pub Med, google acadêmico, bem como livros da área dermatológica e selecionado  artigos e, outros matérias relevantes foram utilizados para a pesquisa.
A prevalência do tabagismo entre estudantes da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso – Campus Universitário de Rondonópolis
Authors: Oliveira Verônica Gomes , Donadone Juliana Cristina , Rocca Julia Zanetti
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência de fumantes, ex-fumantes e não fumantes na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário de Rondonópolis e verificar a influência do ambiente universitário no hábito de fumar. Método: Foram aplicados questionários em estudantes universitários matriculados nos terceiros anos de todos os cursos da referida instituição. 305 estudantes participaram da pesquisa, representando 71% da população investigada. Destes, 186 eram mulheres e 119 eram homens, com média de 26 anos. Resultados: Com relação à prevalência do tabagismo, 4% afirmaram ser fumantes, 4,3% se consideravam ex-fumantes e 91,7% declararam não fumar. Em relação à idade que começou a fumar, 91,6% começaram antes dos 20 anos e 50% fumam há mais de quatro anos. Na descrição da frequência e intensidade de uso de cigarros, 41,7% relatam fumar entre um e cinco cigarros por dia, 16,7% fumariam menos de um cigarro por dia e 33,3% fumariam entre 11 e 20 cigarros por dia.  Conclusões: Estudos futuros deverão focalizar as variáveis do ambiente universitário que podem estar relacionadas ao hábito de fumar, considerando os possíveis efeitos do stress e da influência dos amigos. Além disso, o presente estudo enfatizou a importância de focalizar características da população de ex-fumantes para identificar aspectos que podem auxiliar na construção de intervenções. Igualmente, as características da população de não-fumantes podem ser críticas para a construção de programas visando a prevenção do tabagismo.
Estudio de la actividad analgésica en ratones Swiss sometidos a diferentes dosis de extracto hidroalcohólico al 30% de raíz de Eclipta alba
Authors: Pinto Wagner De Jesus , Treto Rafael Rodriguez , Vieira Lukas , Graebner Ilmar Bernardo
Published: July 2017

La Eclipta alba, conocida como “agrião do brejo” es una planta nativa de Brasil, China y Australia, los estudios etnomédicos reportan entre otras acciones la antinflamatoria y analgésica, es precisamente esta última, la actividad  abordada en este trabajo. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto analgésico del extracto fluido hidroalcohólico al 30% de raíz de Eclipta alba en ratones Swis. Material y Métodos: Se utilizaron 42 ratones Swis, machos, entre 8 y 10 semanas de vida, sometidos a régimen de luz/oscuridad de 12/12 horas, temperatura constante (25ºC) y agua/comida  ad libitum. La analgesia fue determinada a través del modelo del “plato caliente” y el indicador de la variable fue el tiempo de reacción al calor. Resultados y Discusión: Se comprobó que en los tiempos de 60,90 y 120 minutos la actividad analgésica del extracto fluido fue similar a la actividad mostrada por el Paracetamol en la dosis de 12.5 mg/Kg de masa corporal, el efecto de este último fue creciente a lo largo de los 150 minutos de experimento, evidenciando su potencia analgésica. Probablemente la inhibición de la síntesis de prostaglandinas (principalmente de la serie “E”) sea la causa de la elevación del umbral de excitación de las terminaciones nerviosas libres y por tanto analgesia en los animales tratados con el extracto. Se considera que las acciones antioxidante  de fenoles y polifenoles presentes en el extracto fluido, así como la acción inhibitoria de los flavonoides sobre la fosfolipasa A2, presentes también en el extracto fluido puedan explicar los resultados encontrados en este trabajo, a través de una menor libración y por ende menor transformación del ácido araquidónico en prostaglandinas. Conclusión: Dosis de 500 y 250 mg/Kg de masa corporal de extracto fluido, mostraron efecto analgésico comparable con el Paracetamol en la dosis de 12.5 mg/Kg de masa corporal, entre 60 y 120 minutos.
A organização geográfica do terreiro de candomblé contribuindo para ensino da geografia
Authors: BORGES LUZINEIDE MIRANDA , Caputo Stela Guedes , De Oliveira Raimundo Nunes
Published: July 2017

Esse artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa realizada sobre formação de professores e o ensino da geografia. O seu objetivo é descrever a organização do espaço geográfico sacralizado terreiro de candomblé, religião de matriz africana, bem como apresentá-lo como interface “espaço natural” e “espaço urbano”, destacando a importância da geografia para a prática religiosa no Candomblé e para o ensino da geografia. A partir de uma abordagem etnográfica, refletimos a respeito dos espaços do terreiro de candomblé Ilê Axé Ijexá Orixá Olufon, localizado no bairro Santa Inês, em Itabuna, Bahia. Consideramos sua organização geográfica como elemento pedagógico educativo para o ensino da geografia. Podemos destacar que o terreiro utiliza-se de elementos da geografia, contribuindo como fonte de pesquisa, estudo e ensino, bem como sínteses de religiosidade, colaborando para manter e recriar tradições e culturas afro-brasileiras.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Educação no terreiro; redes educativas; africanidade; espaço geográfico; geografia cultural.
Amyloid Fibrils form Hybrid Colloidal Gels and Aerogels with Dispersed CaCO3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Shen Yi , Nyström Gustav , Mezzenga Raffaele
Published: July 2017

New hybrid colloidal gels are reported formed by amyloid fibrils and CaCO3 nanoparticles (CaNPs), with Ca2+ as charge screening ions and CaNPs as physical crosslinking agents to establish and stabilize the network. The gel is characterized by rheological measurements and diffusing wave spectroscopy, complemented by microscopic observations using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The hybrid colloidal gels show a two orders of magnitude improved gel strength at significantly shorter gelation times compared to previous calcium ion‐induced amyloid fibril gels. Supercritical CO2‐dried colloidal aerogels allow demonstrating that amyloid fibrils, combined with smaller (higher specific surface area) CaNPs, constitute a denser fibrils network, resulting in stronger gels. By varying the amyloid fibril concentration and the CaNPs size and concentration, the complete phase diagram is mapped out. This enables identifying the sol–gel phase transition and a window for gel formation, which widens with increasing CaNPs size. Finally pH responsiveness and self‐healing properties of this hybrid colloidal gel are also demonstrated, making these systems a suitable candidate for biological applications.