bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neutron Irradiated Mechanical Properties of Some Rapidly Solidified Austenitic Stainless Steels
Authors: Harling Otto K. , Lee Marvin , Sohn Dong-Seong , Kohse Gordon , Grant Nicholas J.
Published: February 2018

The development of several rapidly solidified Type 316 stainless steel alloys for possible application in the first wall of fusion reactors is described. One series is based on titanium additions leading to fine titanium carbide (TiC) precipitates, and another on oxide dispersion strengthening through addition of yttrium oxide. These materials were irradiated in the High Flux Isotope Reactor of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory at doses up to 34 displacements per atom (dpa) with associated high helium production of 3100 atomic parts per million (appm). Post-irradiation mechanical properties derived from the MIT Miniaturized Disk Bend Test are reported. It is concluded that post-irradiation yield strength is not a problem for this class of alloy, but helium embrittlement leading to intergranular fracture is a critical issue. This first generation of rapidly solidified alloys is found to behave similarly to ingot processed material; nevertheless, rapid solidification is expected to be a highly useful tool in future efforts to improve grain and grain boundary microstructures. Such improvements may lead to mitigation of radiation-induced helium embrittlement effects and other negative structural factors.
Fatigue Crack Growth in Neutron-Irradiated Type 304 and Type 316 Stainless Steels
Authors: de Vries Martin I. , Michel David J.
Published: February 2018

Small compact-tension (½TCT) specimens of Type 304 and Type 316 stainless steels have been irradiated to a relatively low fluence level of 2 × 1024 neutrons (n)/m2 (E > 0.1 MeV) at a fast to thermal fluence ratio of about 1 at 823 K. Comparative constant-load-amplitude fatigue tests (aimed to link the reported data from earlier tests on high-fluence irradiated, single-edge-notch-cantilever (SENC) specimens of Type 316 and tests on low-fluence irradiated compact-tension (CT) specimens ( (V = 50 mm) of Type 304) have been performed in air with cyclic frequencies ranging from 10 Hz to 0.01 Hz at 823 K and 853 K. The trends of the crack growth curves were in good correspondence with the results from previous tests at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and at the Netherlands Energy Research Foundation (ECN). The effect of the irradiation on the fatigue behavior under high-frequency loading was minor. However, the crack growth rate was significantly increased under low-frequency loading due to enhanced intergranular crack formation. Detailed comparison of present results with previous NRL data for high-fluence irradiated Type 316 showed that the fatigue crack growth rate is more affected by the low-fluence irradiation due to helium-enhanced intergranular crack growth. It is concluded that effects of testing procedures and specimen geometry are minor compared to the effects of irradiation on the fatigue crack growth rate at low cyclic frequencies.
Relationship Between Irradiation Hardening and Embrittlement of Pressure Vessel Steels
Authors: Odette G. Robert , Lombrozo Peter M. , Wullaert Richard A.
Published: February 2018

Based on a large body of test and power reactor data, empirical relationships between irradiation strengthening and embrittlement are derived. It is shown that the Charpy V-notch (Cv) 41-J indexed transition temperature increases and the upper-shelf energy decreases systematically with increases in the yield stress. The transition temperature shifts are related to two mechanisms: (1) increases in the maximum temperature of elastic-cleavage fracture, and (2) decreases in the slope of the Cv energy versus test temperature curve associated with reductions in the upper-shelf energy. The cleavage shift contribution, which is usually dominant, can be predicted from the initial temperature of fracture at general yield and the change in ambient temperature static yield stress. In developing this simplified cleavage fracture model, it is shown that: (a) yield stress changes are independent of temperature and strain rate; (b) the increase in yield stress with decreasing temperature is independent of the strain rate, irradiation, and metallurgical state; and (c) the microcleavage fracture stress is independent of irradiation and temperature. A semi-empirical procedure for estimating the shift contribution due to upper-shelf energy decreases and the total temperature shift at 41 J, based on the observation of an approximately constant temperature interval of the transition regime, is proposed, along with a method for forecasting the entire irradiated Cv curve.
Methods for Extending Life of a Pressurized Water Reactor Vessel After Long-Term Exposure to Fast Neutron Radiation
Authors: Grant Samuel P. , Earp Sam L.
Published: February 2018

Numerous steps have been taken by the Carolina Power & Light Company to assure the safety of its H. B. Robinson Unit 2 reactor vessel in the event that pressurized thermal shock should occur. Included is a phenomenological study of radiation damage underway that combines statistical modeling with atomic arrangements as determined by a field ion microprobe.

The field ion microprobe is being used to determine the atomic arrangement of nickel relative to copper in a high copper, medium nickel weld, irradiated to 4.1 × 1019 neutrons (n)/cm2 > 1 MeV and a medium copper, high nickel weld, irradiated to 2 × 1019 n/cm2.

Statistical modeling has determined that manganese is a significant factor in the increase in yield strength during irradiation. Its distribution in relation to carbon and nitrogen and other atoms is included in the field ion microprobe investigation.

Core redesign for flux reduction and advanced neutron dosimetry methods also are described.
Fracture Toughness of Accelerated Irradiated Submerged-Arc Weld Metal
Authors: Priest Robert H. , Charnock William , Neale Brian K.
Published: February 2018

Submerged-arc weld material has been exposed to accelerated irradiation at ~180°C to a nominal total fast neutron dose of ~5 × 1017 neutrons (n)/cm2 (E > 1 MeV). The effect of this irradiation on the fracture toughness has been measured using both precracked Charpy and 25-mm compact tension specimens.

Results show that upper-shelf fracture toughness values, though within the scatter-band on unirradiated control data, appear to be reduced by irradiation. No change in fracture toughness transition temperature is induced by the accelerated irradiation exposure. Comparison of the accelerated irradiation data with that obtained from much lower dose rate irradiations indicates the importance of irradiation exposure time. The effect of exposure time is explained in terms of the precipitation of small copper-rich complexes. This proposal is supported by preliminary small-angle neutron scattering data.
Notch Ductility and Fracture Toughness Degradation of Pressure Vessel Steel Reference Plates from Pool Side Facility (PSF) Irradiation Capsules
Authors: Hawthorne J. Russell , Menke Blaine H. , Hiser Allen L.
Published: February 2018

The Light Water Reactor-Pressure Vessel Surveillance Dosimetry Improvement Program of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has irradiated, in a pressure vessel wall/thermal shield mock up facility, mechanical test specimens of the ASTM A302-B correlation monitor reference plate and the A533-B Plate 03 from the Heavy Section Steel Technology Program. This report presents Charpy-V, compact tension, and tension test results from simultaneous irradiations in simulated surveillance capsule and through-vessel-wall locations. The investigation is part of a broad NRC effort developing key neutron physics-dosimetry-metallurgy correlations for use in making highly accurate projections of radiation-induced embrittlement to reactor vessels.

Irradiation in the surveillance capsule location was found to reproduce reasonably well the irradiation effect to the vessel inner surface and quarter thickness positions. The toughness gradient observed between in-wall locations after irradiation was small for both materials; the difference between transition temperatures for wall surface versus mid-thickness locations was 31°C or less, independent of the test method used. The adjustment of the ASME lower bound, that is, dynamic, KIR toughness curve by the radiation-induced elevation of the Charpy-V 41-J or the compact specimen 100 MPa√m temperature was conservative when compared against static toughness data. The elevation of the Charpy-V (Cv) curve (41-J index) by irradiation frequently did not provide a conservative estimate of the temperature elevation defined by fracture toughness tests (100 MPa√m index); on the other hand, correction of the fracture toughness data for the lack of test specimen constraint (βIc correction) did result in a transition temperature elevation less than the 41-J elevation, in most cases.
Radiation Effects on Resins and Zeolites at Three Mile Island Unit II
Authors: Reilly James K. , Grant Philip J. , Quinn Geoffrey J. , Runion Thomas C. , Hofstetter Kenneth J.
Published: February 2018

The March 1979 accident at Three Mile Island created certain waste forms that are not routinely encountered in normal light water reactor plants and were the subject of a research and development program. Fifty EPICOR II organic resin containers were loaded to as much as 2200 Ci (of predominantly cesium plus strontium) in the course of processing contaminated water. Resin samples were taken from two of the EPICOR II vessels and examined. Nineteen zeolite containers loaded with radioactive cesium plus strontium to as much as 55 000 Ci have been analyzed. The makeup and purification system demineralizer resins, highly contaminated by the letdown of reactor coolant, have been radiation surveyed, and gas, liquid, and resin samples have been obtained. On-site sampling and analysis of these wastes indicated that combustible gases (hydrogen and oxygen) were being generated as a result of radiolysis. The results of this work are discussed, compared, and presented.
Ultrasound Elicits Behavioral Responses through Mechanical Effects on Neurons and Ion Channels in a Simple Nervous System
Authors: Kubanek Jan , Shukla Poojan , Das Alakananda , Baccus Stephen A. , Goodman Miriam B.
Published: February 2018

Focused ultrasound has been shown to stimulate excitable cells, but the biophysical mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain poorly understood. To provide additional insight, we devised a behavioral-genetic assay applied to the well-characterized nervous system ofCaenorhabditis elegansnematodes. We found that pulsed ultrasound elicits robust reversal behavior in wild-type animals in a pressure-, duration-, and pulse protocol-dependent manner. Responses were preserved in mutants unable to sense thermal fluctuations and absent in mutants lacking neurons required for mechanosensation. Additionally, we found that the worm's response to ultrasound pulses rests on the expression of MEC-4, a DEG/ENaC/ASIC ion channel required for touch sensation. Consistent with prior studies of MEC-4-dependent currentsin vivo, the worm's response was optimal for pulses repeated 300–1000 times per second. Based on these findings, we conclude that mechanical, rather than thermal, stimulation accounts for behavioral responses. Further, we propose that acoustic radiation force governs the response to ultrasound in a manner that depends on the touch receptor neurons and MEC-4-dependent ion channels. Our findings illuminate a complete pathway of ultrasound action, from the forces generated by propagating ultrasound to an activation of a specific ion channel. The findings further highlight the importance of optimizing ultrasound pulsing protocols when stimulating neurons via ion channels with mechanosensitive properties.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHow ultrasound influences neurons and other excitable cells has remained a mystery for decades. Although it is widely understood that ultrasound can heat tissues and induce mechanical strain, whether or not neuronal activation depends on heat, mechanical force, or both physical factors is not known. We harnessedCaenorhabditis elegansnematodes and their extraordinary sensitivity to thermal and mechanical stimuli to address this question. Whereas thermosensory mutants respond to ultrasound similar to wild-type animals, mechanosensory mutants were insensitive to ultrasound stimulation. Additionally, stimulus parameters that accentuate mechanical effects were more effective than those producing more heat. These findings highlight a mechanical nature of the effect of ultrasound on neurons and suggest specific ways to optimize stimulation protocols in specific tissues.
Hyperactivity of Anterior Cingulate Cortex Areas 24a/24b Drives Chronic Pain-Induced Anxiodepressive-like Consequences
Authors: Sellmeijer Jim , Mathis Victor , Hugel Sylvain , Li Xu-Hui , Song Qian , Chen Qi-Yu , Barthas Florent , Lutz Pierre-Eric , Karatas Meltem , Luthi Andreas , Veinante Pierre , Aertsen Ad , Barrot Michel , Zhuo Min , Yalcin Ipek
Published: February 2018

Pain associates both sensory and emotional aversive components, and often leads to anxiety and depression when it becomes chronic. Here, we characterized, in a mouse model, the long-term development of these sensory and aversive components as well as anxiodepressive-like consequences of neuropathic pain and determined their electrophysiological impact on the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC, cortical areas 24a/24b). We show that these symptoms of neuropathic pain evolve and recover in different time courses following nerve injury in male mice.In vivoelectrophysiological recordings evidence an increased firing rate and bursting activity within the ACC when anxiodepressive-like consequences developed, and this hyperactivity persists beyond the period of mechanical hypersensitivity. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings also support ACC hyperactivity, as shown by increased excitatory postsynaptic transmission and contribution of NMDA receptors. Optogenetic inhibition of the ACC hyperactivity was sufficient to alleviate the aversive and anxiodepressive-like consequences of neuropathic pain, indicating that these consequences are underpinned by ACC hyperactivity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTChronic pain is frequently comorbid with mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression. It has been shown that it is possible to model this comorbidity in animal models by taking into consideration the time factor. In this study, we aimed at determining the dynamic of different components and consequences of chronic pain, and correlated them with electrophysiological alterations. By combining electrophysiological, optogenetic, and behavioral analyses in a mouse model of neuropathic pain, we show that the mechanical hypersensitivity, ongoing pain, anxiodepressive consequences, and their recoveries do not necessarily exhibit temporal synchrony during chronic pain processing, and that the hyperactivity of the anterior cingulate cortex is essential for driving the emotional impact of neuropathic pain.
Evaluation of near final height in boys with constitutional delay in growth and puberty
Authors: Rohani Farzaneh , Alai Mohammad Reza , Moradi Sedighe , Amirkashani Davoud
Published: February 2018

Background

This study was conducted to find out whether boys with constitutional delay in growth and puberty (CDGP) could attain their target height and predicted adult height (PAH) in adulthood or not.

Methods

After measuring the height, weight, pubertal stage, parental height and bone age data of the patients at their first presentation were extracted from the files and their height and weight were measured at the end of the study, wrist X-Ray was performed in order to determine the bone age. PAH was calculated using Bayley–Pinneau method and target height was estimated by mid parental height. Final or near final heights of the patients were measured and compared with the target height and PAH.

Results

The mean age at presentation and the end of study was 15.2 ± 0.95, 20 ± 0.75 years respectively. Mean of bone age at the beginning of study was 12.97 ± 1 years and at the end of study were 17.6 ± 0.58 years. Mean of delayed bone age was 2.2 ± 0.82 years. Mean of the primary measured heights was 150.16 ± 7 cm (138–160 cm). Mean of final or near final heights was 165.7 ± 2.89 cm (161–170.5 cm). Final or near final heights in our subjects were smaller than either their PAH (165.7 ± 2.89 vs 170.7 ± 5.17) (P value <0.005) or target height (165.7 ± 2.89 vs 171.8 ± 4.65) (P value <0.0001).

Conclusion

Most patients with CDGP do not reach their target height or predicted adult height; they are usually shorter than their parents and general population. Such patients need to be followed up until they reach their final height and, in some cases, adjunctive medical treatment might be indicated.
'Setomonogatari'
Authors: McHugh Chris
Published: February 2018

I will argue that my creative ceramic practice has much in common with archaeological approaches to the contemporary past in that it takes the form of a “creative materialising intervention”, focusing on marginal or otherwise overlooked aspects of person-object interaction. This will be illustrated by reference to recent artworks made in Seto, Japan, a traditional centre of pottery production. By reanimating old moulds and repurposing discarded sherds, my work explores the site’s changing materiality through time and is itself a proactive contribution to the archaeological record, capturing an enduring glimpse of the past and present of this ceramics community.
Two Days Before the Day Before an Irritating Truth
Authors: Feltmate David
Published: February 2018

Critical scholarship on pro-environmental and dark green religious themes in popular culture must engage more directly with that culture’s means of production. To make this argument, I first draw on Bron Taylor’s theory of ‘dark green religion’ as a foundation for articulating the sacredness underlying the call to deep ecological ethics. Reflecting on the means of mass mediating that message provides us with an opportunity to critically evaluate the challenges of ecological ethics in late capitalist society. Second, through analyzing two of the most popular sitcoms of the last twenty years—The Simpsons and South Park—I contend that the task of articulating dark green ethics through mass media is inherently challenged by the capitalist modes of production that make opposition to them possible. While other scholars have been hopeful about these programs’ ecological statements, I argue that the programs are inherently hampered by their reliance on consumer capitalism and its modes of production. In conclusion, I provide a warning for those who would perform ecological ethics in the contemporary media sphere and offer a way to build towards potential alternative paths.
Lucas F. Johnston, Religion and Sustainability: Social Movements and the Politics of the Environment (Sheffield: Equinox, 2013), x + 273 pp., $44.95 (pbk), ISBN: 978-1-90804-982-7
Authors: Harvey Graham
Published: February 2018

Lucas F. Johnston, Religion and Sustainability: Social Movements and the Politics of the Environment (Sheffield: Equinox, 2013), x + 273 pp., $44.95 (pbk), ISBN: 978-1-90804-982-7
LEI MARIA DA PENHA: UM ESTUDO DOS ÍNDICES DE HOMICÍDIOS DE MULHERES NO BRASIL NA DÉCADA 2003-2013
Authors: Calado Cássia Paula Campos , Ferreira Karla Christina Silva Damasceno , Medeiros Jassio Pereira , Carolino Rosângela
Published: February 2018

O presente estudo objetiva analisar os índices de homicídios de mulheres, no Brasil, após a implementação da Lei Maria da Penha, partindo da análise de indicadores considerados determinantes para esse estudo. Para obtenção dos indicadores, recorreu-se ao levantamento de dados secundários, por entender-se que é o tipo de pesquisa mais adequado para obtenção de informações substanciais e oficiais, bem como mais apropriado ao cronograma para produção deste trabalho. Dessa maneira, todos os indicadores utilizados são apresentados no Mapa da Violência 2015, com abrangência temporal 2003/2013. Assim, optou-se por realizar uma análise quantitativa e um estudo predominantemente descritivo dos indicadores levantados, os quais permitiram concluir que apenas a análise dos índices de homicídios de mulheres não é suficiente para avaliar a efetividade da Lei Maria da Penha, mas foi satisfatória para afirmar que a Lei impactou a velocidade com que os homicídios aumentaram. Afinal, o aumento do número de homicídios de mulheres pós implementação da Lei Maria da Pena, se deu lentamente em relação aos anos anteriores à sua criação. Por fim, percebeu-se que a implementação da Lei 11.340/2006 foi um dos pontos importantes para o enfrentamento da violência contra a mulher, no Brasil. Enfrentamento que deve ser feito diariamente, pela sociedade, pela justiça, e, principalmente, pelas mulheres violentadas através da denúncia.
GÊNERO E DIVERSIDADE SEXUAL NO AMBIENTE ESCOLAR: UMA TRANSVERSALIDADE RELEVANTE
Authors: Moura José Carlos de Lima , Silva Pedro Máximo Costa da , Araújo Maria Cristina Cavalcanti
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo aborda uma discussão sobre a diversidade sexual, incluindoaspectos da homofobia e seus danos sobre os indivíduos LGBT no ambienteescolar. Propõe uma reflexão sobre o despreparo do corpo docente em relaçãoa não saber intervir e/ou atuar para desmistificar a sexualidade na escola, bemcomo sobre a falta de interesse dos professores em se aprofundar nesse assuntoe na abordagem do mesmo como tema transversal em sala de aula. Levantapontos sobre a influência da heteronormatividade/sociedade, fazendo com quea escola se silencie e produza um falso discurso de tolerância. O caráter destapesquisa é de natureza bibliográfica. Os objetivos são: colocar em pauta a quebrade tabu sobre gênero e sexualidade na política escolar, levar os professores auma reflexão, e ampliar os estudos e discussões nessa área com um intuito deuma educação sem preconceitos.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO USO DO NOME SOCIAL NO EXAME NACIONAL DO ENSINO MÉDIO – ENEM
Authors: Nogueira Sayonara Naider Bonfim , Araújo Maria Cristina Cavalcanti , França Rebeka de
Published: February 2018

O presente trabalho traz a tona uma pesquisa de grande importância para oâmbito da geografia que é o estudo da diversidade social no âmbito da ciênciageográfica. Estudar o gênero e suas particularidades é de grande valia, pois,consegue compreender as relações sociais. O uso do nome social é um importantedireito que as travestis e transexuais conseguiram, um direito constitucionalda cidadania. Para isso será necessário passar por postulados que elencam odireito ao uso do nome social, bem como sua aplicabilidade no Exame Nacionaldo Ensino Médio. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi realizado pesquisabibliográfica e em sites com o intuito de fazer levantamento de dados referentesao ENEM e os inscritos utilizando o nome social. Conclui-se que existem grandesempecilhos que dificultam o acesso das pessoas trans ao exame Nacional doEnsino Médio, caracterizando-se assim, como agressão aos direitos básicos daeducação formal.
ESTUDO GEOHISTÓRICO SOBRE A DISTRIBUIÇÃO DOS SERVIÇOS NA AVENIDA PRESIDENTE BANDEIRA NO BAIRRO DO ALECRIM EM NATAL/RN
Authors: Rocha Welliton Belo da , Nascimento Gerson Gomes do
Published: February 2018

O presente trabalho analisa o setor de serviços na Avenida Presidente Bandeirano bairro do Alecrim em Natal/RN. O estudo parte da análise de que esseprocesso está associado ao processo de produção e reprodução urbana na óticacapitalista evidenciando a ação dos agentes no processo que aí atuam resultandoem diferenciações dessas atuações no espaço que o torna desigual. Apresentaa evolução histórica do conceito de serviços (suas correntes) evidenciando-ocomo o setor econômico que mais tem crescido na economia do Rio Grandedo Norte, sobretudo na cidade de Natal. O trabalho procura mostrar os tipos deserviços existentes bem como classificá-los dentro do contexto da produçãodo espaço e suas vertentes e que estão presentes nessa avenida. Enquantoprocedimentos metodológicos o trabalho constitui-se de pesquisa bibliográficabuscando dialogar com os principais teóricos relacionados ao estudo em telae complementado por uma pesquisa de campo onde buscamos corroborar osestudos por meio dos fatos empíricos constatados na visita ao campo de estudodo presente trabalho. Concluímos que o estudo nos leva a afirmar que a referidaAvenida Presidente Bandeira se constitui como uma das principais artériasviárias do bairro do Alecrim e como tal é geradora de emprego notadamente nocomércio e serviços.
DIDÁTICA E A FORMAÇÃO DE LICENCIADOS EM GEOGRAFIA: UMA ANÁLISE DE SUAS FRAGILIDADES
Authors: Ferreira André , Duarte Carla Mirelly Caetano , Araújo Maria Cristina Cavalcanti , Dos Santos Igor Silvestre
Published: February 2018

Esse presente artigo tem como objetivo discorrer sobre a importância da didáticano processo inicial de formação de professores, externando algumas apreensõesdos docentes de Geografia acerca das fragilidades encontradas em seu processoformativo, que influem diretamente em suas práticas diárias escolares. Para tal,realizamos revisões bibliográficas acerca do tema, e aplicamos um questionárioonline via Google Forms, a fim de obter as informações necessárias. Assimanalisamos os dados obtidos, e relacionamos com os referenciais teóricos.
Editorial
Authors: Nascimento Gerson Gomes do
Published: February 2018

A quinta edição da Revista Geoconexões traz comoprimeiro artigo uma análise da questão da sub-baciahidrográfica do Rio Salgado, afluente da Baciado rio Jaguaribe que está situada na porção sudestedo Estado do Ceará, drenando todo o Vale do Cariri,região diferenciada em meio ao semiárido nordestinodevido à perenidade da maioria de seus cursosd’água, constituindo as veias do Cariri cearense.Dessa forma, Simone Cardoso Ribeiro objetiva apresentaralguns elementos constituintes de sua paisagemde forma pormenorizada – os aspectos climáticose a base geológico-estrutural da área em questão.O segundo artigo intitulado um estudo geohistóricosobre a distribuição dos serviços na AvenidaPresidente Bandeira no bairro do Alecrim em Natal/RN dos autores Welliton Belo da rocha e GersonGomes do Nascimento mostra a distribuição dosserviços ali existentes bem como classificá-losdentro do contexto da produção do espaço do referidobairro. O terceiro e último artigo traz uma análisedo processo histórico da produção da estruturafundiária urbana no litoral norte de João Pessoa revelandosuas contradições. Nesse sentido, a discussãopreocupa-se em abordar a construção da rendafundiária urbana, suas relações complexas e as intermediaçõesdos promotores imobiliários e o Estado.
EFFECT OF CONVENTIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS ON POSTHARVEST DISEASE CONTROL IN AVOCADOS
Authors: Fischer Ivan Herman , Moraes Matheus Froes de , Palharini Maria Cecília de Arruda , Fileti Mirian de Souza , Cruz Juliana Cristina Sodário , Firmino Ana Carolina
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT Postharvest diseases constitute a serious problem for avocado commercialization. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of conventional and alternative products in controlling diseases affecting ‘Hass’ avocados in the field and in the postharvest by carrying out physicochemical characterization of fruits subjected to postharvest treatments. In the field, besides the management adopted by the farmer, seven products were sprayed three times during fruiting for evaluation. Postharvest products were diluted in water or in oxidized polyethylene wax and shellac. Water treatments with potassium phosphite, Soil-Set®, chlorine dioxide, thyme essential oil, sodium bicarbonate, lemon grass essential oil and thiabendazole reduced the incidence of diseased fruits, and anthracnose, the main disease, was controlled with sodium bicarbonate, lemon grass essential oil and thiabendazole. Greater soluble solids content was found for control (water), chlorine dioxide, acibenzolar-S-methyl and thiabendazole. For the products that reduced anthracnose, there was no correlation between the disease and the physicochemical parameters, evidencing that the disease control is not associated with delayed ripening. For wax treatments, diseases were not controlled, and the fruits presented lower titratable acidity with thyme essential oil, sodium bicarbonate, control (wax), acibenzolar-S-methyl and lemon grass essential oil. Control and thyme essential oil were highlighted for maintaining the green coloration of the fruit skin for the shortest period. Under field conditions, azoxystrobin, thiabendazole, difenoconazole+azoxystrobin and acibenzolar-S-methyl+azoxystrobin reduced the occurrence of diseased fruits, while anthracnose control was only obtained with azoxystrobin.
MORTALITY OF APPLE LEAFROLLER EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT Bacillus thuringiensis SUBSPECIES IN ARTIFICIAL DIET, IN THREE ASSESSMENT PERIODS
Authors: Pereira Jonathan , Monteiro Lino Bittencourt , Gómez Daniel Ricardo Sosa
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT Bioinsecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis are the entomopathogen most marketed worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactivity of kurstaki, aizawai subspecies and kurstaki x aizawai hybrid on B. salubricola larvae fed on artificial diet in different assessment periods. Mortality was assessed on the seventh, tenth and fifteenth days after treatment. Microplates containing 150 µl of diet in each cell were used. Suspensions containing Bt subspecies was deposited on the surface of the diet, then neonate larvae were released. The mortality assessment performed after fifteen days of treatment was significant for all three subspecies. Bt kurstaki was more efficient in all assessment periods, except for fifteen days, which was similar to Bt aizawai. Assessments performed up to seven days were more efficient to determine mortality. The three subspecies have influenced the ability for instar change, regardless of concentration. The LC50 of Bt kurstaki on the seventh and tenth days of assessment was from three to six times smaller than that observed in Bt aizawai x kurstaki, and Bt aizawai, respectively.
The applicability of POSSUM and P-POSSUM scores as predictors of morbidity and mortality in colorectal surgery
Authors: CARVALHO-E-CARVALHO MARIA EMÍLIA , DE-QUEIROZ FÁBIO LOPES , MARTINS-DA-COSTA BRENO XAIA , WERNECK-CÔRTES MARCELO GIUSTI , PIRES-RODRIGUES VINÍCIUS
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: to apply the POSSUM and P-POSSUM scores as a tool to predict morbidity and mortality in colorectal surgery. Methods: we conducted a prospective cohort study of 551 patients submitted to colorectal surgery in a colorectal surgery tertiary referral hospital in Brazil. We grouped patients into pre-established risk categories for comparison between expected and observed morbidity and mortality rates by the POSSUM and P-POSSUM scores. Results: in the POSSUM morbidity analysis, the overall expected morbidity was significantly higher than that observed (39.2% vs. 15.6%). The same occurred with patients grouped in categories II (28.9% x 10.5) and III (64.6% x 24.5%). In category I, the expected and observed morbidities were similar (13.7% x 9.1%). Regarding the evaluation of mortality, it was statistically higher than that observed in category III patients and in the total number of patients (11.3% vs. 5.6%). In categories I and II, we observed the same pattern of category III, but without statistical significance. When evaluating mortality by the P-POSSUM score, the overall expected and observed mortality was similar (5.8% x 5.6%). Of the 31 patients who died, 20.2% underwent emergency procedures and sepsis was the main cause of death. Conclusion: the P-POSSUM score was an accurate tool to predict mortality and could be safely used in this population profile, unlike the POSSUM score.
Criopreserved ovarian tissue transplantation and bone restoration metabolism in castrated rats
Authors: SILVA LÍGIA HELENA FERREIRA MELO E , SILVA JOÃO MARCOS DE MENESES E , SALAMA MAHMOUD , PINHEIRO LUIZ GONZAGA PORTO , LUNARDI FRANCIELE OSMARINI , SILVA PAULO GOBERLÂNIO BARROS DA , HIRTH CARLOS GUSTAVO , LUCENA IGOR FREITAS DE , GOMES GLAUCO JORGE DA COSTA , LEITE JOSÉ ALBERTO DIAS
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate estradiol levels and autotransplantation heated ovarian tissue effects, after vitrification, on rats bone metabolism previously oophorectomized bilaterally. Methods: experimental study with 27 rats aged 11 to 12 weeks and weighing 200g to 300g, submitted to bilateral oophorectomy and ovarian tissue cryopreservation for subsequent reimplantation. Animals were divided into two groups, A and B, with 8 and 19 rats, respectively. Autotransplantation occurred in two periods according to castration time: after one week, in group A, and after one month in group B. Serum estradiol measurements and ovary and tibia histological analysis were performed before and after oophorectomy period (early or late) and one month after reimplantation. Results: in groups A and B, tibia median cortical thickness was 0.463±0.14mm (mean±SD) at the baseline, 0.360±0.14mm after oophorectomy and 0.445±0.17mm one month after reimplantation p<0.005). Trabecular means were 0.050±0.08mm (mean±SD) at baseline, 0.022±0.08mm after oophorectomy and 0.049±0.032mm one month after replantation (p<0.005). There was no statistical difference in estradiol variation between the two study groups (p=0.819). Conclusion: cryopreserved ovarian tissue transplantation restored bone parameters, and these results suggest that ovarian reimplantation in women may have the same beneficial effects on bone metabolism.
Circulação e consumo de drogas em uma penitenciária feminina: percepções de uma equipe de saúde prisional
Authors: Dalmaso Tatiana Fraga , Meyer Dagmar Elisabeth Estermann
Published: February 2018

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a percepção de uma equipe de saúde prisional quanto à circulação e ao consumo de drogas feitos por mulheres privadas de liberdade em uma penitenciária. Para a produção do material empírico, realizou-se entrevista com os integrantes da equipe de saúde e observação do cotidiano de trabalho desta equipe. Com a análise realizada, verificou-se a existência de diferentes enunciações quanto à circulação e ao consumo de drogas na instituição. Pode-se dizer que as diferentes posturas adotadas pelos profissionais (de combate, tolerância e/ou incentivo ao uso dessas substâncias) decorre, entre outros fatores, do estatuto legal atribuído a elas: lícitas ou ilícitas.
Ivan Illich: da expropriação à desmedicalização da saúde
Authors: Tabet Livia Penna , Martins Valney Claudino Sampaio , Romano Ana Caroline Leoncio , Sá Natan Monsores de , Garrafa Volnei
Published: February 2018

RESUMO Ivan Illich foi um crítico radical da sociedade industrial, cujas ideias influenciaram a propagação de um movimento contra os cuidados da saúde pela medicina na década de 1970. Em sua obra, a medicina, é vista como empresa médica cuja função é ameaçar a saúde, através da colonização médica da vida, que aliena os meios de tratamento; e do monopólio profissional, que impede a partilha do conhecimento científico. O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar aspectos da vida e obra de Ivan Illich, com ênfase em seu livro 'A expropriação da saúde: nêmesis da medicina' (1975), e também de sua segunda crítica social à saúde, com a introdução de novos conceitos em sua obra, em 1985.
Different levels of shade on population of grasshoppers and its oviposition preference on heliconias
Authors: Bittar Ana Cristina , Aguiar-Menezes Elen de Lima , Guerra José Guilherme Marinho , Rouws Janaína Ribeiro Costa , Aguiar Luiz Augusto de , Leite Paulo Sergio da Silva
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT: Grasshoppers of the families Acrididae and Romaleidae (Orthoptera) are among the insects that defoliate heliconias and have been gaining status as pests of commercial crops of these plants in Brazil. The objectives of the present study were to identify the grasshopper defoliating heliconias in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Pádua, RJ (Brazil), to evaluate the effect of different levels of shade on the population of this grasshopper and the production parameters of heliconias, and to determine if this grasshopper has an oviposition preference among the heliconias evaluated. The experiment was in a completely randomized block design, in subdivided plots (four levels of shade in the plot, 0%, 30%, 50% and 80%, and four species of Heliconia: H. psittacorum, H. stricta, H. wagneriana and H. psittacorum x H. spathocircinata ‘Golden Torch’ in the subplot), with four replications. The grasshopper was identified as Cornops frenatum frenatum (Acrididae). An increase in shade resulted in a decrease in the number of oviposition holes from the grasshopper and the number of lateral buds. Shade did not influence the number of C. f. frenatum nymphs and adults and the number of flower stems. H. wagneriana was the most preferred species for oviposition by C. f. frenatum. Results suggested using screens to shade heliconia plants can help control C. f. frenatum populations, however, the light requirements of the heliconias should be considered to guarantee productivity.
A BAGAGEM DO PIBID PARA A FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DOCENTE E PARA A CONSTRUÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE PROFISSIONAL
Authors: Oliveira Hélvio Frank
Published: February 2018

RESUMO A partir de uma experiência situada em uma universidade pública do interior do Estado de Goiás, durante os dois anos de implantação do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) na área de Letras/português, o objetivo deste artigo é investigar e discutir as bagagens1 deixadas pelo referido programa a licenciandos no que tange à sua formação inicial docente e à construção de suas identidades profissionais. Para isso, um estudo de caso de orientação qualitativo-interpretativista foi desenvolvido com o referido grupo de estudantes bolsistas. As bases para a interpretação deste trabalho foram o olhar narrativo do pesquisador, na condição de observador-participante e de coordenador do subprojeto, e ainda os seguintes instrumentos de pesquisa colhidos dos participantes: histórias de vida, entrevista semiestruturada e sessões de reflexão colaborativa promovidas no decorrer de alguns encontros semanais do grupo. Os resultados indicam a potencial relevância do projeto para o fortalecimento da identidade profissional docente - tanto em relação à prática quanto à pesquisa em sala de aula -, ao mesmo tempo que se vislumbra a evidente necessidade de acompanhamento de outras políticas e demais atividades pedagógicas voltadas às licenciaturas no que se refere ao empoderamento do futuro professor para a continuação da carreira após o término da graduação.
DESREGULAMENTANDO DICOTOMIAS: TRANSLETRAMENTOS, SOBREVIVÊNCIAS, NASCIMENTOS
Authors: Lopes Adriana C. , Silva Daniel N. , Facina Adriana , Calazans Raphael , Tavares Janaína
Published: February 2018

RESUMO Este artigo propõe a noção etnográfica e situada de transletramentos. Argumentamos que transletramentos são práticas de uso social da escrita que replicam e deslocam experiências de socialização mediadas por essa tecnologia e adquiridas em diversas agências de letramento - portos de passagem como a escola, a igreja, a família, o grupo musical, os coletivos políticos. Baseados em evidência empírica de nossa pesquisa sobre letramentos, produção cultural e regimes metapragmáticos no Complexo do Alemão/RJ e no diálogo com Raphael Calazans e Janaína Tavares, jovens que transitam por diferentes espaço-tempos sociais, propomos ainda que transletramentos são metáforas importantes para entender a questão da sobrevivência. Ao extrapolar circunscrições como vida e morte, escola e sociedade, estado democrático e estado penal, a sobrevivência nos permite trazer à tona reflexões sobre as estratégias que os sujeitos subalternizados encontram para escrever as suas próprias histórias.
Evaluation of the frequency of Candida spp. in hospitalized and non-hospitalized subjects
Authors: Vieira J. N. , Feijó A. M. , Bueno M. E. , Gonçalves C. L. , Lund R. G. , Mendes J. F. , Villarreal J. P. V. , Villela M. M. , Nascente P. S.
Published: February 2018

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of Candida species between a non-hospitalized and a hospitalized population. For this purpose, samples of saliva were sampled through sterile swabs, moistened in peptone water and rubbed in the oral cavity of 140 individuals, from which, 70 were hospitalized patients from the Medical Clinic of a Teaching Hospital and the other 70 were non-hospitalized subjects. All saliva samples were plated in Sabouraud Dextrose agar added with Chloramphenicol and incubated at 36 °C for 48 hours. The morphology identification was performed through macroscopic and microscopic characterization, the CHROMagar Candida medium and the VITEK® system Yeast Biochemical Card (bio Mérieux SA, France). The results showed a colonization of Candida spp. in 85.7% the hospitalized individuals, where the species found were C. albicans (60%), C. tropicalis (23.4%), C. krusei (3.3%) and Candida spp. (13.3%). In the non-hospitalized individuals the colonization by Candida spp was 47.1%, and the species found were: C. albicans (45.5%), C.krusei (9.1%), C. guilliermondii (9.1% %), C. tropicalis (3.0%), C. famata (3.0%) and Candida spp. (30.3%). In spite of their presence in oral cavity in both groups, Candida spp. was more frequently isolated in hospitalized individuals, who were 6.73 times more likely to have this fungus in the oral cavity and were 3.88 times more likely to have Candida albicans.
Tratamento da recidiva da crossa da veia safena magna por acesso proximal
Authors: Matkovski Paula Dayana , Rocha Filho Jorge Oliveira da , Rocha Arthur de Souza , Cabral André Laurindo , Knihs Caio Augusto , Loures João Marcelo Gonçalves da Rocha , Zucco Fabrício Martins , Candemil Patrick Cardoso
Published: February 2018

Resumo A maior causa de recidiva das varizes dos membros inferiores é a inadequada dissecção da crossa da safena interna, com a ligadura não rente da junção safenofemoral. O acesso direto ao tecido cicatricial de uma cirurgia prévia deve ser evitado ao máximo pelo elevado risco de sangramento e de lesões linfáticas. O acesso proximal ao tecido cicatricial, abordando inicialmente a veia femoral comum acima da junção safenofemoral, seguindo-a em direção caudal até a crossa da safena, mostrou-se uma técnica eficiente e relativamente simples quando comparada às abordagens medial, lateral e direta.
Mecanismos do tromboembolismo venoso no câncer: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Renni Marcos José Pereira , Cerqueira Mônica Hermida , Trugilho Ingrid de Araújo , Araujo Junior Mario Lúcio Cordeiro , Marques Marcos Arêas , Koch Hilton Augusto
Published: February 2018

Resumo Existe uma estreita relação entre o tromboembolismo venoso e o câncer. Pacientes com neoplasias apresentam maior incidência de eventos tromboembólicos em sua evolução clínica. A ocorrência desses eventos é considerada um marcador preditivo negativo nesse grupo de pacientes. Revisamos, então, a ativação dos mecanismos de coagulação neste grupo de pacientes. Trata-se de um processo complexo e multifatorial, relacionado tanto a características tumorais, estadiamento clínico, agressividade da doença e sítios tumorais, dentre outros. Novos biomarcadores vêm sendo pesquisados ao longo dos anos na tentativa de correlacioná-los ao risco trombótico, visando uma intervenção que melhore a evolução clínica desses pacientes oncológicos.
MINERAL NUTRITION IN THE TREE Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. (Calophyllaceae)1
Authors: Morandi Paulo Sérgio , Reis Simone Matias , Marimon Beatriz Schwantes , Oliveira-Santos Claudinei , Oliveira Edmar Almeida , Oliveira Bianca , Porto Pábio Henrique , Marimon-Junior Ben Hur
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT Riparian and gallery forests located at the “arc of deforestation” have been undergoing fast degradation. With the implementation of the new Brazilian Forest Code (Law 12,651 of 2012), these can be reduced further. Thus, new studies on seedling production for ecological restoration should be carried out using native species from the Amazon and Cerrado. The objective of the present study was to assess under which shading levels the seedlings of Calophyllum brasiliense, a tree species typical of humid environments, show the highest values of growth and nutrient use efficiency, aiming at using these seedlings for restoration. The study was carried out in a plant nursery of the State University of Mato Grosso in Nova Xavantina, Brazil. We assessed seedling growth in diameter, height, number of leaves, production of shoot and root dry mass, Dickson quality index (DQI), and efficiency in the internal use of nutrients (EIUN) in greenhouses at 0 (full sunlight), 30, 50, 70, and 90% shading. The treatments at 50 and 70% shading showed the best results. Ecologically, the species responds well under both gap conditions (50% shading) and canopy or closing gap conditions (70% shading). Our results showed that the ideal conditions to produce seedlings of this species with high EIUN are obtained in greenhouses with 70% shading.
REGENERATION THROUGH RESPROUTING AFTER CLEAR-CUTTING AND TOPSOIL STRIPPING IN A TROPICAL DRY FOREST IN CENTRAL BRAZIL1
Authors: Ferreira Maxmiller Cardoso , Rodrigues Silvia Barbosa , Vieira Daniel Luis Mascia
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT Tropical dry forest trees have high resprouting ability, which may be useful for ecological restoration purposes. However, resprouting ability is affected by the type and severity of the disturbance. This study described the regeneration of trees through resprouting in a seasonally deciduous forest in Central Brazil, six months after being subjected to a gradient of disturbance. In order to expand a limestone quarry, 10 ha of deciduous forest were deforested in May 2013, creating areas with three increasing levels of disturbance: Clear-Cutting, Stump Removal and 5-20 cm of Topsoil Stripping. Twenty 3.14 m² circular plots were randomly selected in each type of disturbance. All resprouts were counted and identified to species level. The plant organ where each resprout grew from and the distance of the resprout insertion to the soil were recorded. There were 27 species in the Clear-Cutting and Stump Removal areas, and 24 in the Topsoil Stripping site. Resprout density was 3.0 ± 0.3a/m² in the Clear-Cutting, 1.7 ± 0.4b in the Stump Removal and 1.4 ± 0.4b in the Topsoil Stripping area (mean ± SD; Tukey HSD). Stems contributed to 61% of the resprouts in the Clear-Cutting area, while 60% of the resprouts in Stump Removal grew from root collars and 70% of the resprouts in Topsoil Stripping grew from roots. Underground resprouts emerged from a depth of up to 24 cm. An increase in disturbance severity negatively affected resprouting ability, but natural regeneration was high regardless of disturbance severity. The high resprouting ability of the deciduous forest trees provides resilience even after topsoil stripping.