bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internationally Wrongful Acts in Domestic Courts
Authors: Nollkaemper André
Published: September 2020

This article explores the relevance of the law of international
responsibility to the practice of domestic courts. In addition to proposing
analytical distinctions that allow us to systematize and differentiate
domestic case law pertaining to international responsibility, the article
essentially advances three arguments. First, in certain circumstances
domestic courts may find that a breach of an international obligation by the
forum state constitutes an internationally wrongful act. Principles of
international responsibility may be applicable to such a wrong. Second,
domestic courts may contribute to the implementation of the international
responsibility of states by ensuring that principles of cessation and
reparation are given effect. Third, international law leaves much leeway to
states and their courts in applying principles of international
responsibility in a specific domestic legal and factual context. The
application of such principles will be colored by their interaction with
domestic law and will vary among states.
Hot Politics? Affective Responses to Political Rhetoric
Authors: BAKKER BERT N. , SCHUMACHER GIJS , ROODUIJN MATTHIJS
Published: September 2020

Canonical theories of opinion formation attribute an important role to affect. But how and for whom affect matters is theoretically underdeveloped. We establish the circumplex model in political science as a theory of core affect. In this theory unconscious emotional processes vary in level (arousal, measured with skin conductance) and direction (valence, measured with facial electromyography). We theorize that knowledge, attitude extremity, and (in)congruence with political rhetoric explain variation in affective responses. In a large lab study (N = 397), participants watched video clips with left-wing or right-wing rhetoric on prominent issues. We find that people with extreme attitudes experience more arousal in response to political rhetoric and that political rhetoric incongruent with prior attitudes evokes negative affect. Moreover, we show that affective responses lead to opinion change, independent of self-reported emotions. We conclude by setting a research agenda for the alignment between affective and cognitive components of emotions and their consequences.
ON -CONGRUENT NUMBERS OVER REAL NUMBER FIELDS
Authors: DAS SHAMIK , SAIKIA ANUPAM
Published: September 2020

The notion of$\theta $-congruent numbers is a generalisation of congruent numbers where one considers triangles with an angle$\theta $such that$\cos \theta $is a rational number. In this paper we discuss a criterion for a natural number to be$\theta $-congruent over certain real number fields.
Longitudinal dimensions of alcohol consumption and dietary intake in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort (1971–2008)
Authors: Parekh Niyati , Lin Yong , Chan Melany , Juul Filippa , Makarem Nour
Published: September 2020

Existing studies addressing alcohol consumption have not captured the multidimensionality of drinking patterns, including drinking frequency, binge drinking, beverage preference and changes in these measures across the adult life course. We examined longitudinal trends in drinking patterns and their association with diet over four decades in ageing US adults from the Framingham Offspring Study (n 4956; baseline mean age 36·2 years). Alcohol intake (drinks/week, drinking frequency, beverage-specific consumption, drinks/occasion) was assessed quadrennially from examinations 1 to 8. Participants were classified as binge drinkers, moderate drinkers or heavy drinkers (4+ and 5+ drinks/occasion; ≤1 and ≤2 drinks/d and >7 and >14 drinks/week for women and men, respectively). Dietary data were collected by a FFQ from examinations 5 to 8 (1991–2008). We evaluated trends in drinking patterns using linear mixed effect models and compared dietary intake across drinking patterns using heterogeneous variance models. Alcohol consumption decreased from 1971 to 2008 (3·7 v. 2·2 oz/week; P < 0·05). The proportion of moderate (66 v. 59·3 %), heavy (18·4 v. 10·5 %) and binge drinkers (40·0 v. 12·3 %) declined (P < 0·05). While average wine consumption increased (1·4 v. 2·2 drinks/week), beer (3·4 v. 1·5 drinks/week) and cocktail intake (2·8 v. 1·2 drinks/week) decreased. Non-binge drinkers consumed less sugary drinks and more whole grains than binge drinkers, and the latter consumed more total fat across all examinations (P < 0·05). There was a significant difference in consumption trends of total grains by drinking level (P < 0·05). In conclusion, alcohol drinking patterns are unstable throughout adulthood. Higher intakes were generally associated with poorer diets. These analyses support the nuanced characterisation of alcohol consumption in epidemiological studies.
The Political Geography of the Eurocrisis
Authors: Beramendi Pablo , Stegmueller Daniel
Published: September 2020

The European Union provided a mixed response to the 2008 financial crisis. On the one hand, it refused to pursue fiscal integration through a common budget; on the other, it introduced significant transfers between countries that were designed to produce financial stabilization. The authors analyze this response as the outcome of democratic constraints on EU leaders. Given the EU’s current institutional structure, citizens’ preferences pose a binding constraint on what leaders can do as these preferences limit the scope of risk-pooling among members and the degree of political tolerance for different courses of action. The authors show that citizens’ preferences reflect differences in the geography of income, production regimes, and institutional organization. The heterogeneity of constituencies’ redistribution preferences combined with a diverse economic geography helps to explain why political constraints on national governments prevent them from engaging in further fiscal integration. By contrast, externalities among member states shift the preferences of citizens who may experience negative effects and make international redistribution politically feasible. The authors analyze these two mechanisms and present novel empirical results on the determinants of preferences for fiscal integration and international redistribution in the aftermath of the eurocrisis.
Dry architecture: towards the understanding of the variation of longevity in desiccation-tolerant germplasm
Authors: Ballesteros Daniel , Pritchard Hugh W. , Walters Christina
Published: September 2020

Desiccation-tolerant (DT) plant germplasm (i.e. seeds, pollen and spores) survive drying to low moisture contents, when cytoplasm solidifies, forming a glass, and chemical reactions are slowed. DT germplasm may survive for long periods in this state, though inter-specific and intra-specific variation occurs and is not currently explained. Such variability has consequences for agriculture, forestry and biodiversity conservation. Longevity was previously considered in the context of morphological features, cellular constituents or habitat characteristics. We suggest, however, that a biophysical perspective, which considers the molecular organization – or structure – within dried cytoplasm, can provide a more integrated understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that control ageing rates, hence the variation of longevity among species and cell types. Based on biochemical composition and physical–chemical properties of dried materials, we explore three types of the interplay between structural conformations of dried cytoplasm and ageing: (1) cells that lack chlorophyll and contain few storage lipids may exhibit long shelf life, with ageing probably occurring through slow autoxidative processes within the glassy matrix as it relaxes; (2) cells with active chlorophyll may die quickly, possibly because they are prone to oxidative stress promoted by the photosynthetic pigments in the absence of metabolic water and (3) cells that lack chloroplasts but contain high storage lipids may die quickly during storage at −20°C, possibly because lipids crystallize and destabilize the glassy matrix. Understanding the complex variation in structural conformation in space and time may help to design strategies that increase longevity in germplasm with generally poor shelf life.
lncRNA deleted in lymphocytic leukaemia 1 (DLEU1) promotes the migration and invasion of human embryonic trophoblast cells
Authors: Li Zhongxiang , Hou Mingbin
Published: September 2020

To investigate the roles of lncRNA deleted in lymphocytic leukaemia 1 (DLEU1) on migration and invasion of human trophoblast cells. Human chorionic trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo was cultured and transfected using lncRNA DLEU1 small interfering RNA. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect lncRNA DLEU1 expression. The activity of migration regulatory protein CDC42 was detected by western blot. The downstream miRNA targets of lncRNA and mRNAs targeted by corresponding miRNAs were respectively predicted using bioinformatics analyses. Compared with the control group, the expression of lncRNA DLEU1 in the small interfering RNA group was significantly decreased (P <0.05). There was no significant change in cell proliferation capacity for transfected cells (lncRNA DLEU1 siRNA-1,P= 0.537; lncRNA DLEU1 siRNA-2,P= 0.384), but cell migration (lncRNA DLEU1 siRNA-1,P= 0.025; lncRNA DLEU1 siRNA-2,P= 0.019) and invasion (lncRNA DLEU1 siRNA-1,P= 0.0327; lncRNA DLEU1 siRNA-2,P= 0.021) was significantly reduced. CDC42 activity in the lncRNA DLEU1 knockdown group decreased and the phosphorylation of cofilin increased. Therefore, downregulation of lncRNA DLEU1 suppressed the migration and invasion of human trophoblast cells.
Reading History Forward
Authors: Møller Jørgen
Published: September 2020

Recent decades have seen a productive methodological debate about how political scientists “do history.” However, on one important point, the discussion has been surprisingly thin. This concerns the problem of reading history backward rather than forward. To understand this problem, we need to embed it in broader methodological discussions of how the selection of evidence is shaped (and potentially biased) by all sorts of prior assumptions going into the evidence-collection process. Thus, reading history backward makes scholars refrain from posing certain questions, become blind to certain descriptive developments and explanatory factors, and fail to enlist certain historical data. This article pulls together the fragmentary insights about this problem and devises an alternative, prospective approach centered on an open reading of the work of historians. Although this is a “low-tech” issue, it is one that has huge ramifications for the way we do historical analysis as political scientists.
Digital food environment of a Brazilian metropolis: food availability and marketing strategies used by delivery apps
Authors: Horta Paula Martins , Souza Juliana de Paula Matos , Rocha Luana Lara , Mendes Larissa Loures
Published: September 2020

Objective:

Food delivery apps represent an important and emerging dimension of the digital food environment. This study aimed to examine food availability and the use of marketing strategies by two food delivery apps in a Brazilian metropolis.

Design:

An exploratory study was conducted in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Food groups were identified and the use of price discounts and photos by the apps was observed.

Setting:

Eighteen neighbourhoods and the ten best rated restaurants in each app.

Participants:

Three hundred sixty-two commercial food establishments.

Results:

The proportion of ultra-processed beverages on offer in the apps (78·45 %) was much higher in comparison with water (48·89 %), natural juices or smoothies (27·07 %). Ultra-processed ready-to-eat meals represented almost 70 % of the food offered in the establishments’ menus, while traditional meals and vegetables represented just over 30 % of the offering. Ice cream, candies and salty packaged snacks were nine times more frequently presented than fruits. The use of photos and price discounts prevailed predominantly among ultra-processed beverages, sandwiches and ice cream, candies and salty packaged snacks. These marketing strategies were least used for promoting fruits and vegetables.

Conclusions:

Restaurants registered on food delivery apps offered a significant amount of ultra-processed foods with price discounts and photos in comparison with unprocessed and minimally processed foods.
A review on Poisson, Cox, Hawkes, shot-noise Poisson and dynamic contagion process and their compound processes
Authors: Jang Jiwook , Oh Rosy
Published: September 2020

The Poisson process is an essential building block to move up to complicated counting processes, such as the Cox (“doubly stochastic Poisson”) process, the Hawkes (“self-exciting”) process, exponentially decaying shot-noise Poisson (simply “shot-noise Poisson”) process and the dynamic contagion process. The Cox process provides flexibility by letting the intensity not only depending on time but also allowing it to be a stochastic process. The Hawkes process has self-exciting property and clustering effects. Shot-noise Poisson process is an extension of the Poisson process, where it is capable of displaying the frequency, magnitude and time period needed to determine the effect of points. The dynamic contagion process is a point process, where its intensity generalises the Hawkes process and Cox process with exponentially decaying shot-noise intensity. To facilitate the usage of these processes in practice, we revisit the distributional properties of the Poisson, Cox, Hawkes, shot-noise Poisson and dynamic contagion process and their compound processes. We provide simulation algorithms for these processes, which would be useful to statistical analysis, further business applications and research. As an application of the compound processes, numerical comparisons of value-at-risk and tail conditional expectation are made.
Binomial stub loaded compact Vivaldi antenna for superwideband applications
Authors: Gorai Abhik , Ghatak Rowdra
Published: September 2020

A compact antipodal Vivaldi antenna with superwideband characteristics is presented in this paper. For improved matching of input impedance at lower frequency region, techniques like binomial tapering of outer edges, binomial slit loaded outer edge, and protruded binomial tapered stub loading have been adopted. The antenna operates in a wide frequency range from 2 to 20 GHz. Experimental results show, stable radiation pattern with peak realized gain of more than 8 dBi, group delay within 1 ns, 164% fractional bandwidth, radiation efficiency of more than 90%, which are in good agreement with the simulated results. The compact size of the proposed antenna (1.14λ0 × 1.21λ0) with wide frequency bandwidth and directional radiation characteristics make it suitable for through-wall radar and medical imaging applications.
Experimental evaluation of real-time sigma-delta radio over fiber system for fronthaul applications
Authors: Hadi Muhammad Usman , Jung Hyun , Traverso Pier Andrea , Tartarini Giovanni
Published: September 2020

Sigma-delta radio over fiber (ΣΔ-RoF) is an expedient technology for next-generation networks including 5G cloud/centralized radio access networks (C-RAN). In this article, we demonstrate a realistic experimental scenario for ΣΔ-RoF link targeting C-RAN fronthaul applications, by using baseband second-order 1-bit sigma-delta modulation (ΣΔ-M). The experimental set-up validates the LTE 20 MHz signals having modulation order of 256-quadrature amplitude modulation for a carrier frequency of 3 GHz, up to 10 km of standard single mode fiber. A detailed analysis of the ΣΔ-RoF system performance is reported by adjacent channel leakage ratio and error vector magnitude. Furthermore, an experimental study is evaluated where ΣΔ-RoF is compared with its counterparts. It is deduced that ΣΔ-RoF corroborates the present range of C-RAN fronthaul networks and can be a promising candidate for future mobile haul applications.
Can You See What I Hear?
Authors: Conci Anna , Bilalić Merim , Gaschler Robert
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Previous research on inattentional blindness (IB) has focused almost entirely on the visual modality. This study extends the paradigm by pairing visual with auditory stimuli. New visual and auditory stimuli were created to investigate the phenomenon of inattention in visual, auditory, and paired modality. The goal of the study was to assess to what extent the pairing of visual and auditory modality fosters the detection of change. Participants watched a video sequence and counted predetermined words in a spoken text. IB and inattentional deafness occurred in about 40% of participants when attention was engaged by this difficult (auditory) counting task. Most importantly, participants detected the changes considerably more often (88%) when the change occurred in both modalities rather than just one. One possible reason for the drastic reduction of IB or deafness in a multimodal context is that discrepancy between expected and encountered course of events proportionally increases across sensory modalities.
Anger Increases Susceptibility to Misinformation
Authors: Greenstein Michael , Franklin Nancy
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The effect of anger on acceptance of false details was examined using a three-phase misinformation paradigm. Participants viewed an event, were presented with schema-consistent and schema-irrelevant misinformation about it, and were given a surprise source monitoring test to examine the acceptance of the suggested material. Between each phase of the experiment, they performed a task that either induced anger or maintained a neutral mood. Participants showed greater susceptibility to schema-consistent than schema-irrelevant misinformation. Anger did not affect either recognition or source accuracy for true details about the initial event, but suggestibility for false details increased with anger. In spite of this increase in source errors (i.e., misinformation acceptance), both confidence in the accuracy of source attributions and decision speed for incorrect judgments also increased with anger. Implications are discussed with respect to both the general effects of anger and real-world applications such as eyewitness memory.
Siderophore purification with titanium dioxide nanoparticle solid phase extraction
Authors: Egbers Philipp H. , Harder Tilmann , Koch Boris P. , Tebben Jan
Published: September 2020

The study of bacterial metal chelators, so called siderophores, requires robust analytical methods that selectively target and extract strong iron-binding compounds from complex samples containing a plethora of organic molecules.
Aggregation-induced responses (AIR) of 2D-derived layered nanostructures enable emerging colorimetric and fluorescence sensors
Authors: Qin Ling Yun , Zhang Hong Ling , Gong Wei , Luo Hong Qun , Li Nian Bing , Li Bang Lin
Published: September 2020

Modulated aggregation and photonic properties of layered nanostructures (LNs) result in the stimuli-responsive output of colorimetric and fluorescence signals, contributing to the desired construction of novel chemical and biological sensors.
A sensitive SERS-based sandwich immunoassay platform for simultaneous multiple detection of foodborne pathogens without interference
Authors: Bai Xiangru , Shen Aiguo , Hu Jiming
Published: September 2020

A SERS-based sandwich immunoassay platform is reported for the simultaneous detection of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with highly improved accuracy and sensitivity.
Surface grafting of Fc-binding peptides as a simple platform to immobilize and identify antibodies that selectively capture circulating endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Bashth Omar S. , Elkhodiry Mohamed A. , Laroche Gaétan , Hoesli Corinne A.
Published: September 2020

Antibody surface immobilization via Fc-binding peptides is a promising strategy to capture circulating cells such as endothelial progenitor cells.
Gold/SH-functionalized nanographene oxide/polyamidamine/poly(ethylene glycol) nanocomposites for enhanced non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide detection
Authors: Hao Bingjie , Song Tao , Ye Mao , Liu Xuanyong , Qiu Jiajun , Huang Xiaoyu , Lu Guolin , Qian Wenhao
Published: September 2020

AuNPs/SH-functionalized NGO/PEG/PAMAM nanocomposites show obvious responses to H2O2.
Surprisingly good thermoelectric performance of a black phosphorus/blue phosphorus van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Hu R. , Zhou Z. Z. , Sheng C. Y. , Wang L. , Liu J. H. , Han S. H. , Liu H. J.
Published: September 2020

Thermoelectric properties of a black phosphorus/blue phosphorus van der Waals heterostructure are investigated by using first-principles calculations and Boltzmann transport theory for both electrons and phonons.
Highly efficient visible-light-driven reduction of Cr(vi) from water by porphyrin-based metal–organic frameworks: effect of band gap engineering on the photocatalytic activity
Authors: Sharma Nayuesh , Dey Arnab Kumar , Sathe Rohit Y. , Kumar Ajay , Krishnan Venkata , Kumar T. J. Dhilip , Nagaraja C. M.
Published: September 2020

Highly efficient visible-light-assisted photocatalytic reduction of Cr(vi) to Cr(iii) from aqueous phase using Zr(iv)-porphyrin MOFs, Zr6(μ3-OH)8(OH)8(MTCPP)2, (PCN-222(M)) (M = H2, ZnII, CuII, NiII, CoII, FeIIICl, and MnIIICl) is presented.
Nickel clusters on TiO2(110): thermal chemistry and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of methanol
Authors: Eder Moritz , Courtois Carla , Kratky Tim , Günther Sebastian , Tschurl Martin , Heiz Ueli
Published: September 2020

While nickel clusters, similar as to platinum ones, facilitate the thermal recombination of hydrogen in the photocatalysis of alcohols, they also undergo photocorrosion over time by the formation of carbon deposits.
Local structure modulation of Mn4+-doped Na2Si1−yGeyF6 red phosphors for enhancement of emission intensity, moisture resistance, thermal stability and application in warm pc-WLEDs
Authors: Hong Feng , Pang Ge , Diao Lijuan , Fu Zhendong , Liu Guixia , Dong Xiangting , Yu Wensheng , Wang Jinxian
Published: September 2020

Mn4+-doped Na2Si1−yGeyF6 red phosphors with efficient water and thermal stabilities were synthesized for high-performance warm pc-WLEDs.
Amine-functionalized microporous covalent organic polymers for adsorptive removal of a gaseous aliphatic aldehyde mixture
Authors: Vikrant Kumar , Qu Yao , Kim Ki-Hyun , Boukhvalov Danil W. , Ahn Wha-Seung
Published: September 2020

To pursue effective removal of gaseous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), adsorptive removal of a six-component aliphatic aldehyde gas phase mixture was investigated using two amine-functionalized microporous covalent organic polymers (COPs).
Probiotic-fermented blueberry juice prevents obesity and hyperglycemia in high fat diet-fed mice in association with modulating the gut microbiota
Authors: Zhong Hao , Abdullah  , Deng Lingli , Zhao Minjie , Tang Jun , Liu Tao , Zhang Hui , Feng Fengqin
Published: September 2020

Fermented blueberry juice intervention has demonstrated remarkable potential against obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Impact of temperature and water activity on the aroma composition and flavor stability of pea (Pisum sativum) protein isolates during storage
Authors: Mehle Hannah , Paravisini Laurianne , Peterson Devin G.
Published: September 2020

Flavor stability of pea protein isolates (PPIs) during storage was investigated.
Inhibition of cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone deterioration by Spinacia oleracea in human mimic of ACLT-induced osteoarthritis
Authors: Kothari Priyanka , Sinha Shradha , Sardar Anirban , Tripathi Ashish Kumar , Girme Aboli , Adhikary Sulekha , Singh Ruchi , Maurya Rakesh , Mishra Prabhat Ranjan , Hingorani Lal , Trivedi Ritu
Published: September 2020

Osteoarthritic conditions in ACLT model in rats were attenuated by SOE administration.
Lactobacillus rhamnosusLRa05 improves lipid accumulation in mice fed with a high fat dietviaregulating the intestinal microbiota, reducing glucose content and promoting liver carbohydrate metabolism
Authors: Sun Mengzhen , Wu Tao , Zhang Guohua , Liu Rui , Sui Wenjie , Zhang Maomao , Geng Jieting , Yin Jinjin , Zhang Min
Published: September 2020

LRa05 resists obesityviaamelioratingStreptococcuslevel and glucose metabolism, moreover, the positive correlation betweenIntestinimonasand palmitoyl ethanolamide and the negative correlation betweenEnterorhabdusand vitamin B2 are first found.
Solvent-induced membrane stress in biofuel production: molecular insights from small-angle scattering and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Smith Micholas Dean , Pingali Sai Venkatesh , Elkins James G. , Bolmatov Dima , Standaert Robert F. , Nickels Jonathan D. , Urban Volker S. , Katsaras John , Davison Brian H. , Smith Jeremy C. , Petridis Loukas
Published: September 2020

Small-angle-scattering and molecular simulation reveal the disruptive impact of organic solvents on model microbial membranes limiting the economical production of green fuels and value-added chemicals from lignocellulose (Image by: Jill Hemman, ORNL).
Phytic acid controlled in situ synthesis of amorphous cobalt phosphate/carbon composite as anode materials with a high mass loading for symmetrical supercapacitor: amorphization of the electrode to boost the energy density
Authors: Kim Taewoo , Tiwari Arjun Prasad , Chhetri Kisan , Ojha Gunendra Prasad , Kim Hyoju , Chae Su-Hyeong , Dahal Bipeen , Lee Byoung Min , Mukhiya Tanka , Kim Hak Yong
Published: September 2020

Phytic acid (PA) mediates the controlled synthesis of amorphous cobalt phosphate/carbon (CoPi/C) composite which works in both the positive and negative potential ranges, making it possible to assemble a symmetrical supercapacitor (SSC) device.
Synthesis of the first 2-hydroxyanthraquinone substituted cyclotriphosphazenes and their cytotoxic properties
Authors: Yenilmez Çiftçi Gönül , Bayık Nagihan , Tanrıverdi Eçik Esra , Şenkuytu Elif , Akşahin Maşuk , Yıldırım Tuba
Published: September 2020

New 2-hydroxyanthraquinone based cyclotriphosphazenes were prepared and their cytotoxic effects were investigated in MCF-7 (breast cancer), MCF-12A (normal breast epithelium), DLD-1 (colon cancer), and CD-18Co (normal colon epithelium) cell lines.
Ultra-small iridium nanoparticles as active catalysts for the selective and efficient reduction of nitroarenes
Authors: Cui Malin , Huang Xiaojing , Zhang Xiaoyan , Xie Qingfan , Yang Dapeng
Published: September 2020

The ultra-small noble metal iridium nanoparticles (IrNPs) possessing super catalytic activity can be applied in the efficient and selective catalytic reduction of nitroarenes under mild reaction conditions for the first time.
Electronic conductance and thermopower of single-molecule junctions of oligo(phenyleneethynylene) derivatives
Authors: Dekkiche Hervé , Gemma Andrea , Tabatabaei Fatemeh , Batsanov Andrei S. , Niehaus Thomas , Gotsmann Bernd , Bryce Martin R.
Published: September 2020

OPE3 derivatives with tailored substituents are promising substrates for thermoelectric characterization using STM in single-molecule junctions with gold electrodes.
Syntheses, characterization, multi-acid fluorescence sensing and electroluminescence properties of Cr(ii)-based metallopolymers
Authors: Kumar Anil , Bawa Shubham , Ganorkar Kapil , Ghosh Sujit Kumar , Bandyopadhyay Anasuya
Published: September 2020

Cr(ii)-Based multifunctional fluorescent metallopolymers with different degrees of backbone rigidity were synthesized and applied as multi-acid sensors and electroluminescent ON–OFF switches.
A tripodal heptadentate Schiff base as an active ligand for atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Xu Xiaoling , Bao Chunyang , Hong Mei , Li Die , Zhang Qiang
Published: September 2020

The use of a tripodal heptadentate Schiff base, tris[N-(2-pyridylmethyl)-2-iminoethyl]amine (Py3Tren), as an active ligand for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is reported.
Morphology control of silicone/poly(methyl methacrylate) (elastic/glassy) composite particles
Authors: Mukai Ken , Fujii Yuki , Yamane Mitsuyoshi , Suzuki Toyoko , Minami Hideto
Published: September 2020

Composite particles consisting of elastic silicone and glassy poly(methyl methacrylate) were prepared. The morphology of the particles could be alternated between sea-island and core–shell structures by controlling the annealing temperature.
Planarity of N-aryl in appended 1,2,4-triazole-based o-carboranyl luminophores: a key factor to control intramolecular charge transfer
Authors: Kim Mingi , Ryu Chan Hee , Hong Ju Hyun , Lee Ji Hye , Hwang Hyonseok , Lee Kang Mun
Published: September 2020

The distinct difference in the photophysical characteristics between two triazole-based o-carboranes revealed that the planarity of aryl groups strongly influences intramolecular-charge-transfer-based emission.
Selective determination of Ag+ in the presence of Cd2+, Hg2+ and Cu2+ based on their different interactions with gold nanoclusters
Authors: Guan Rentian , Tao Lixia , Hu Yingying , Zhang Cong , Wang Yongping , Hong Min , Yue Qiaoli
Published: September 2020

A fluorescence method was developed for selective detection of Ag+ in the presence of Cd2+, Hg2+, and Cu2+ based on gold nanoclusters. The limit of detection for Ag+, Hg2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ is 1.19 μM, 3.39 μM, 1.83 μM and 5.95 μM, respectively.
Photoinduced charge transfer in quasi-one-dimensional polymers in two-photon absorption
Authors: Yan Pen-ji , Mu Xijiao , Dong Jun , Sun Mengtao
Published: September 2020

In this work, we theoretically investigate the structure and the transition characteristics of one- (OPA) and two-photon absorption (TPA) spectra of different length neutral and charged thiophene polymers
Air-stable, long-length, solution-based graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Peurifoy Samuel R. , Xu Qizhi , May Richard , Gadjieva Natalia A. , Sisto Thomas J. , Jin Zexin , Marbella Lauren E. , Nuckolls Colin
Published: September 2020

A strategy is shown for the elongation of graphene nanoribbon (GNR) fragments into air-stable, solution processable and electronically tunable GNRs, aided by incorporating electron-rich donor units between electron-poor oligomeric acceptor units.
Synthesis and structures of anionic rhenium polyhydride complexes of boron–hydride ligands and their application in catalysis
Authors: Donnelly Liam J. , Parsons Simon , Morrison Carole A. , Thomas Stephen P. , Love Jason B.
Published: September 2020

Exhaustive deoxygenation of perrhenate by pinacol borane forms a new Re anion of boron and hydride ligands only that undergoes borane ligand exchange, stoichiometric C–H boration, and catalytic pyridine hydroboration.
Near-infrared absorbing Ru(ii) complexes act as immunoprotective photodynamic therapy (PDT) agents against aggressive melanoma
Authors: Lifshits Liubov M. , Roque III John A. , Konda Prathyusha , Monro Susan , Cole Houston D. , von Dohlen David , Kim Susy , Deep Gagan , Thummel Randolph P. , Cameron Colin G. , Gujar Shashi , McFarland Sherri A.
Published: September 2020

Ru(ii) photosensitizers (PSs) destroy aggressive melanoma cells, triggering an immune response that leads to protection against tumor challenge and mouse survival.
Synthetic half-reactions
Authors: Yudin Andrei K.
Published: September 2020

This perspective on reactivity introduces Synthetic Half-Reactions (SHRs) as a way to analyze chemical transformations.
Photoisomerization of dicyanorhodanine-functionalized thiophenes
Authors: Kornman Cory T. , Li Lei , Weldeab Asmerom O. , Ghiviriga Ion , Abboud Khalil A. , Castellano Ronald K.
Published: September 2020

Thiophenes functionalized with the popular dicyanorhodanine (RCN) electron acceptor are susceptible to well-behaved Z/E photoisomerization.
High-performance solar vapor generation by sustainable biomimetic snake-scale-like porous carbon
Authors: Liu Ning , Hao Liang , Zhang Boyi , Niu Ran , Gong Jiang , Tang Tao
Published: September 2020

Snake-scale-like porous carbon is synthesized from polycarbonate waste, and exhibits high evaporation rate (1.58 kg m−2 h−1) and energy conversion efficiency (91%).
High entropy spinel oxide nanoparticles for superior lithiation–delithiation performance
Authors: Nguyen Thi Xuyen , Patra Jagabandhu , Chang Jeng-Kuei , Ting Jyh-Ming
Published: September 2020

High entropy spinel oxide (HESO) nanoparticles were synthesized via a surfactant-assisted hydrothermal method and used as a novel anode material in a lithium-ion battery.
Enhanced photocatalysis by light-trapping optimization in inverse opals
Authors: Zhang Xiwen , John Sajeev
Published: September 2020

A lightly doped TiO2inverse opal with sphere sizes around 380 nm traps sunlight strongly for photocatalysis by slow-light modes.
Recent advances in two-dimensional nanomaterials for photocatalytic reduction of CO2: insights into performance, theories and perspective
Authors: Qin Deyu , Zhou Yin , Wang Wenjun , Zhang Chen , Zeng Guangming , Huang Danlian , Wang Longlu , Wang Han , Yang Yang , Lei Lei , Chen Sha , He Donghui
Published: September 2020

This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in two-dimensional nanomaterials for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 and its related mechanisms.
Structural design and antimicrobial properties of polypeptides and saccharide–polypeptide conjugates
Authors: Wu Yueming , Xia Guixue , Zhang Weiwei , Chen Kang , Bi Yufang , Liu Shiqi , Zhang Wenjing , Liu Runhui
Published: September 2020

The development and progress of antimicrobial polypeptides and saccharide–polypeptide conjugates in regards to their structural design, biological functions and antimicrobial mechanism.
Correction: Chondroitin sulfate-polydopamine modified polyethylene terephthalate with extracellular matrix-mimetic immunoregulatory functions for osseointegration
Authors: Li Ya-Min , Wu Jing-Yao , Jiang Jia , Dong Shi-Kui , Chen Yun-Su , He Hong-Yan , Liu Chang-Sheng , Zhao Jin-Zhong
Published: September 2020

Correction for ‘Chondroitin sulfate-polydopamine modified polyethylene terephthalate with extracellular matrix-mimetic immunoregulatory functions for osseointegration’ by Ya-Min Li et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2019, 7, 7756–7770, DOI: 10.1039/C9TB01984G.
Excellent energy storage density and efficiency in lead-free Sm-doped BaTiO3–Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 ceramics
Authors: Liu Zhi-Gang , Tang Zhen-Hua , Hu Song-Cheng , Yao Di-Jie , Sun Fei , Chen De-Yang , Guo Xiao-Bin , Liu Qiu-Xiang , Jiang Yan-Ping , Tang Xin-Gui
Published: September 2020

Doping decreased oxygen vacancies in ceramics, resulting in high breakdown field strength and excellent energy storage performances.
4-Miktoarm star architecture induces PVDF β-phase formation in (PVDF)2-b-(PEO)2miktoarm star copolymers
Authors: María Nicolás , Maiz Jon , Rodionov Valentin , Hadjichristidis Nikos , Müller Alejandro J.
Published: September 2020

PVDF based newly synthesized 4-miktoarm star copolymers exhibit remarkable crystallization properties and polymorphism.
Cr3+-Free near-infrared persistent luminescence material LiGaO2:Fe3+: optical properties, afterglow mechanism and potential bioimaging
Authors: Zhou Zhihao , Yi Xiaodong , Xiong Puxian , Xu Xingyi , Ma Zhijun , Peng Mingying
Published: September 2020

Cr3+-free near-infrared persistent luminescence materials from nontoxic Fe3+-activated LiGaO2 phosphors were developed and systematically investigated.
Redox-active Eu2O3 nanoflakes as a buffer layer for inverted CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells with enhanced performance
Authors: Yi Siwei , Han Dongwei , Yuan Quan , Yang Qifeng , Yang Yang , Zhou Dong-Ying , Feng Lai
Published: September 2020

The introduction of a nano-Eu2O3 buffer layer results in more efficient hole-blocking and remarkably enhanced defect passivation at the perovskite/PC61BM interface.
Development of gold nanoclusters: from preparation to applications in the field of biomedicine
Authors: Cui Hui , Shao Zhen-Shu , Song Zhen , Wang Yue-Bo , Wang Huai-Song
Published: September 2020

Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), with sizes of less than 2 nm, have been widely used in the fields of fluorescent sensing, bio-imaging, and disease treatment.
Engineering materials with light: recent progress in digital light processing based 3D printing
Authors: Zhao Zhi , Tian Xiaoxiao , Song Xiaoyan
Published: September 2020

The recent progress in illumination approaches, instrumental design and precursor formulation in digital light processing based printing is reviewed.
High efficiency blue and color-stable hybrid warm white organic light-emitting diodes based on a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material as an assistant host
Authors: Chen Yuwen , Sun Qian , Dai Yanfeng , Yang Dezhi , Qiao Xianfeng , Ma Dongge
Published: September 2020

High efficiency blue and color-stable hybrid white OLEDs have been realized by simply incorporating a blue TADF assistant host in a conventional blue fluorescent dye-doped emitting layer.
1,8-Naphthalimide-based fluorescent chemosensors: recent advances and perspectives
Authors: Dong Hong-Qiang , Wei Tai-Bao , Ma Xiao-Qiang , Yang Qing-Yu , Zhang Yun-Fei , Sun Yu-Jiao , Shi Bing-Bing , Yao Hong , Zhang You-Ming , Lin Qi
Published: September 2020

Application of the classic fluorescent dye 1,8-naphthalimide.
Interaction between the apelinergic system and ACE2 in the cardiovascular system: therapeutic implications
Authors: Chatterjee Paulami , Gheblawi Mahmoud , Wang Kaiming , Vu Jeannie , Kondaiah Palsa , Oudit Gavin Y.
Published: September 2020

The apelinergic system is widely expressed and acts through autocrine and paracrine signaling to exert protective effects, including vasodilatory, metabolic, and inotropic effects on the cardiovascular (CV) system. The apelin pathway’s dominant physiological role has delineated therapeutic implications for coronary artery disease, heart failure (HF), aortic aneurysm, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and transplant vasculopathy. Apelin peptides interact with the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) by promoting angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transcription leading to increased ACE2 protein and activity while also antagonizing the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II). Apelin modulation of the RAS by increasing ACE2 action is limited due to its rapid degradation by proteases, including ACE2, neprilysin (NEP), and kallikrein. Apelin peptides are hence tightly regulated in a negative feedback manner by ACE2. Plasma apelin levels are suppressed in pathological conditions, but its diagnostic and prognostic utility requires further clinical exploration. Enhancing the beneficial actions of apelin peptides and ACE2 axes while complementing existing pharmacological blockade of detrimental pathways is an exciting pathway for developing new therapies. In this review, we highlight the interaction between the apelin and ACE2 systems, discuss their pathophysiological roles and potential for treating a wide array of CV diseases (CVDs).
Human identification based on natural gait micro‐Doppler signatures using deep transfer learning
Authors: Ni Zhongfei , Huang Binke
Published: September 2020

Gait‐based human identification aims to identify individuals by their walking style. In this study, the authors investigate the use of micro‐Doppler (m‐D) signatures retrieved from a frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave radar sensor to identify individuals based on their natural gait characteristics. The gait dataset of 20 persons has been collected in an indoor environment where each subject was allowed to walk naturally and freely, which is absolutely more realistic and challenging than most existing works based on limited walking behaviour. Then, they perform identification using a transfer learned ResNet‐50, which was fine‐tuned on the gait m‐D dataset based on the deep transfer learning technique. Through experiments, they first determined the optimal observation window length of m‐D samples, and with this input, they achieved an average identification accuracy of 96.7% on the test set for 20 subjects, which highly outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods. The presented work provides prospects in developing a solution to automatically identify persons based on gait characteristics using a simple and cost‐efficient radar device.
Solar Orbiter: Mission and spacecraft design
Authors: García Marirrodriga C. , Pacros A. , Strandmoe S. , Arcioni M. , Arts A. , Ashcroft C. , Ayache L. , Bonnefous Y. , Brahimi N. , Cipriani F. , Damasio C. , De Jong P. , Déprez G. , Fahmy S. , Fels R. , Fiebrich J. , Hass C. , Hernández C. , Icardi L. , Junge A. , Kletzkine P. , Laget P. , Le Deuff Y. , Liebold F. , Lodiot S. , Marliani F. , Mascarello M. , Müller D. , Oganessian A. , Olivier P. , Palombo E. , Philippe C. , Ragnit U. , Ramachandran J. , Sánchez Pérez J. M. , Stienstra M. M. , Thürey S. , Urwin A. , Wirth K. , Zouganelis I.
Published: September 2020

The main scientific goal of Solar Orbiter is to address the central question of heliophysics: ‘how does the Sun create and control the heliosphere?’ To achieve this goal, the spacecraft carries a unique combination of ten scientific instruments (six remote-sensing instruments and four in-situ instruments) towards the innermost regions of the Solar System, to as close as 0.28 AU from the Sun during segments of its orbit. The orbital inclination will be progressively increased so that the spacecraft reaches higher solar latitudes (up to 34° towards the end of the mission), making detailed studies of the polar regions of the Sun possible for the first time. This paper presents the spacecraft and its intended trip around the Sun. We also discuss the main engineering challenges that had to be addressed during the development cycle, instrument integration, and testing of the spacecraft.
The parallelism between galaxy clusters and early-type galaxies
Authors: Chiosi C. , D’Onofrio M. , Merlin E. , Piovan L. , Marziani P.
Published: September 2020

Context. This is the third study of a series dedicated to the observed parallelism of properties between galaxy clusters and groups (GCGs) and early-type galaxies (ETGs).

Aims. Here we investigate the physical origin of the mass–radius relation (MRR).

Methods. Having collected literature data on masses and radii for objects going from globular clusters (GCs) to ETGs and GCGs, we set up the MR plane and compare the observed distribution with the MRR predicted by theoretical models for both the monolithic and hierarchical scenarios.

Results. We argue that the distribution of stellar systems in the MR plane is due to complementary mechanisms: (i) on one hand, as shown in Paper II, the relation of the virial equilibrium intersects with a relation that provides the total luminosity as a function of the star formation history; (ii) on the other hand, the locus predicted for the collapse of systems should be convolved with the statistical expectation for the maximum mass of the halos at each cosmic epoch. This second aspect provides a natural boundary limit explaining both the curved distribution observed in the MR plane and the existence of a zone of avoidance.

Conclusions. The distribution of stellar systems in the MR plane is the result of two combined evolutions, that of the stellar component and that of the halo component.
Orbit classification in a disk galaxy model with a pseudo-Newtonian central black hole
Authors: Zotos Euaggelos E. , Dubeibe Fredy L. , Steklain André F. , Saeed Tareq
Published: September 2020

We numerically investigate the motion of stars on the meridional plane of an axially symmetric disk galaxy model, containing a central supermassive black hole, represented by the Paczyński-Wiita potential. By using this pseudo-Newtonian potential we can replicate important relativistic properties such as the existence of the Schwarzschild radius. After classifying extensive samples of initial conditions of trajectories, we managed to distinguish between collisional, ordered, and chaotic motion. Besides all starting conditions of regular orbits were further classified into families of regular orbits. Our results are presented via color-coded basin diagrams on several types of two-dimensional planes. Our analysis reveals that both the mass of the black hole (in direct relation with the Schwarzschild radius) as well as angular momentum play an important role in the character of the orbits of stars. More specifically, the trajectories of low angular momentum stars are highly affected by the mass of the black hole, while high angular momentum stars seem to be unaffected by the central black hole. A comparison with previous related outcomes, using Newtonian potentials for the central region of the galaxy, is also made.
High-resolution spectroscopic study of massive blue and red supergiants in Perseus OB1
Authors: de Burgos A. , Simon-Díaz S. , Lennon D. J. , Dorda R. , Negueruela I. , Urbaneja M. A. , Patrick L. R. , Herrero A.
Published: September 2020

Context.The Perseus OB1 association, including thehandχPersei double cluster, is an interesting laboratory for the investigation of massive star evolution as it hosts one of the most populous groupings of blue and red supergiants (Sgs) in the Galaxy at a moderate distance and extinction.

Aims.We discuss whether the massive O-type, and blue and red Sg stars located in the Per OB1 region are members of the same population, and examine their binary and runaway status.

Methods.We gathered a total of 405 high-resolution spectra for 88 suitable candidates around 4.5 deg from the center of the association, and compiled astrometric information fromGaiaDR2 for all of them. This was used to investigate membership and identify runaway stars. By obtaining high-precision radial velocity (RV) estimates for all available spectra, we investigated the RV distribution of the global sample (as well as different subsamples) and identified spectroscopic binaries (SBs).

Results.Most of the investigated stars belong to a physically linked population located atd= 2.5 ± 0.4 kpc. We identify 79 confirmed or likely members, and 5 member candidates. No important differences are detected in the distribution of parallaxes when stars inhandχPersei or the full sample are considered. In contrast, most O-type stars seem to be part of a differentiated population in terms of kinematical properties. In particular, the percentage of runaways among them (45%) is considerable higher than for the more evolved targets (which is lower than ∼5% in all cases). A similar tendency is also found for the percentage of clearly detected SBs, which already decreases from 15% to 10% when the O star and B Sg samples are compared, respectively, and practically vanishes in the cooler Sgs. Concerning this latter result, our study illustrates the importance of taking the effect of the ubiquitous presence of intrinsic variability in the blue-to-red Sg domain into account to avoid the spurious identification of pulsating stars as SBs.

Conclusions.All but 4 stars in our working sample (including 10 O giants/Sgs, 36 B Sgs, 9 B giants, 11 A/F Sgs, and 18 red Sgs) can be considered as part of the same (interrelated) population. However, any further attempt to describe the empirical properties of this sample of massive stars in an evolutionary context must take into account that an important fraction of the O stars is or likely has been part of a binary/multiple system. In addition, some of the other more evolved targets may have also been affected by binary evolution. In this line of argument, it is also interesting to note that the percentage of spectroscopic binaries within the evolved population of massive stars in Per OB1 is lower by a factor 4−5 than in the case of dedicated surveys of O-type stars in other environments that include a much younger population of massive stars.