bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Congenital malformation of lamina orbitalis ossis ethmoidalis
Authors: Chakravarthi Kosuri Kalyan , Venumadhav Nelluri , Siddaraju KS
Published: October 2014

Background: The thinnest portion of the medial wall of the orbit is Lamina orbitalis ossis ethmoidalis which separates the ethmoidal sinuses from the orbit. Congenital bony malformation of orbit and anatomical variation of ethmoidal sinuses are important in terms of the risk of complication development during endoscopic sinus surgery and to understanding the pathophysiology and spread of sinus disease.Materials and Methods: Accordingly the present study was designed to fi nd out the congenital malformation of medial wall of the orbit in relation to lamina orbitalis ossis ethmoidalis. The study was carried out using 100 dried adult human skulls and twenty six human cadavers irrespective of sex were obtained from the Department of Anatomy - Mayo Institute of Medical Sciences-Barabanki, Department of Anatomy - Melaka Manipal Medical College - Manipal and Department of Anatomy - KMCT Medical College, Manassery - Calicut.Results: In three skulls (2.380%) we noted unilateral unusual hole at the junction of medial wall and roof of orbit with dimensions of 2.3 cm long and 1 cm height in two skulls and another unusual vertical hole at the anterior part of medial wall and roof of orbit with dimensions of 2 cm height and 1 cm width. We also noted few ethmoidal cells extended in to the orbital plate and fovea ethmoidalis of the frontal bone.Conclusion: Congenital defective formation of bony orbit and variable anatomy of paranasal sinuses noted in this study is may be due to the defective formation of Lamina orbitalis ossis ethmoidalis from the lateral part of the nasal capsule near the fronto ethmoidal suture such comprehensive knowledge is necessary to understand the various disorders of this region and to avoid complications during surgical procedures involving this area.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10534Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 91-94
Epidemiology of ectopic pregnancy: A cross sectional study in a sub urban teaching hospital of West Bengal
Authors: Basu Gandhari , Roy Joyeeta , Chatterjee Chitra , Pal Manidip
Published: October 2014

Objectives: To understand the epidemiology, prevalence of high risk factors, the mode of treatment in ectopic pregnancy (EP) cases over a largely unevaluated population. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2012 to December 2012 in a teaching hospital of Kalyani, West Bengal. History was taken post-operatively in all patients diagnosed with EP according to the pre designed schedule after obtaining informed verbal consent. The data was analysed using statistical formula as applicable. During this period we noted 62 cases diagnosed having ectopic pregnancy intra-operatively. The mean, standard deviation along with the p value were calculated by using SPSS 16.0 software. Results: The mean age of study population was 28.53 years, most of them were Hindus. Nearly two thirds of women were in 18 to 30 years age-group. Every four out of fi ve study subjects were from the lower or lower middle socio-economic class. Right side of the tube was affected in 59.2% patients. The occurrence of ectopic among different religion, social class, period of gestation, gravida, last child birth was signifi cant (p<0.05). Signifi cant risk factors associated with ectopic pregnancy were as follows: past history of miscarriage, use of oral contraceptive pill, pelvic and or abdominal surgery, pelvic-infl ammatory disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, use of intrauterine contraceptive devices, OCP use at the time of the present conception. Conclusions: The results pointed an increase in number of EP cases among middle aged women, Hindus, lower socio economic class, multigravida, more than four weeks of gestation suggesting that its importance as a public health problem had not diminished in these intervening years. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10625   Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 25-29
A study to evaluate relationship between hematological indices and iron status with infarct size in pediatric stroke
Authors: Sharma Poorva , Parakh Manish , Katewa Vikas , Mehta Pooja , Arora Vanny , Parakh Poonam
Published: October 2014

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between hematological indices and iron status with the infarct size, number and location in Pediatric stroke. Material and methods: Observational cross sectional study. 16 (8 Male and 8 Female) pediatric stroke patients presenting in Pediatric Neurology clinic included in the study. Hemoglobin (Hb) level, Hematocrit (HCT) and RBC indices (MCV, MCH and MCHC), platelet count and Iron status parameters (Serum Iron, TIBC and Serum Ferritin) of these patients were analysed. Area of diffusion restriction on MRI brain was measured as a surrogate marker of the severity of infarction and its correlation with RBC indices, platelet count and Iron status parameters was evaluated. Results: Mean age of studied population at presentation was 45.218±47.80 months. Mean Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelet count of these patients were 9.229±2.829gm/dl, 29.531±7.002%, 73.650 ±7.237fL, 23.650 ±.3.709pg, 30.393 ±3.000 g/dl, 331.667±201.472 x109/L respectively. Mean Serum Ferritin, TIBC and Serum Iron were 89.639 ±119.788 ng/ml, 286.125± 83.858 ug/dl, and 82.375± 59.452 ug/dl. No statistically significant correlation was seen between any of the RBC indices, Total Platelet Count and Serum Iron status indicators with mean total area of diffusion restriction in the whole cohort, in the group of patients having Serum Ferritin levels <15 and >15 ng/ml. Conclusion: Despite the fact that most of the literature reports association between Iron deficiency anemia with stroke, we did not find any correlation between the various RBC indices, total Platelet count and Iron status indicators with area of diffusion restriction in patients with stroke. Further studies are recommended to study the exact contributors to patho - physiology of stroke associated with Iron deficiency.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10725 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 8-14
Internet usage patterns among medical interns of Muzaffarnagar: A comprehensive survey analysis
Authors: Davey Sanjeev , Raghav Santosh Kumar , Davey Anuradha , Singh Nirankar , Singh J. V.
Published: October 2014

Introduction: In MBBS completion, Internship period is often having a relatively free time after their duty hours, which is nowadays is being more diverted to spending time online on internet, consequently their usage pattern justifies the study in this area in Indian scenario.Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional survey was carried out on all MBBS medical Interns of 2009 batch attending department of Community Medicine every month(10 Interns/month-total=100) of  a Private medical College-Muzaffarnagar. They were first enlisted and their permission for participation and consent in the study were sought, followed by ethical approval of higher authorities of Institution was taken from 1st July 2013 to 1st July 14. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was e-mailed to collect data from medical interns and data analysis was done using Epi-info software version 7.1.3.3. Results: The mode of assessment of Internet by Interns was primarily through Smartphone's (60%), in which Google search & Facebook were used in maximum(69% & 75%). Although difference between impact of Internet on daily and professional life of interns was highly statistically significant (X2= 16.82,d.f=1,p<0.001) but we found, there was no association between monthly amount spent on internet  and  number of hours spent on Internet (X2=0.74, df=1,p>0.05). 55% of  interns used internet > 100 hours in a month.Conclusion: Internet is significantly impacting the daily and professional life of Interns; so they need counseling services from department of Community medicine and Psychiatry in order to regulate Internet use, which can be further clarified from more in-depth studies in future.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10754Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 99-104
Variations in jugular foramen of human skull
Authors: Kumar Avanish , Ritu Dr , Akhtar Md. Jawed , Kumar Avanindra
Published: October 2014

Background: Jugular foramen is one of the foramen at the base of skull lies between the occipital bone and the petrosal portion of the temporal bone. It allows passage of important nervous and vascular elements, such as the glossopharyngeal, vagus accessory nerves, and the internal jugular vein. Glomic tumors, schwannomas, metastatic lesions and infiltrating inflammatory processes are associated with this foramen, which can account for injuries of related structures. Variability in anatomical aspect of jugular foramen has been studied by many workers in different part of the world. Aims & Objective: To study the variability in shape and size of jugular foramen which has clear cut relationship with size of internal jugular vein and presence or absence of prominent superior bulb. The study is also aimed to confirm the description given in most of the text book of Anatomy that mostly right jugular foramen is larger than left (Figure 1). Materials and Methods: Present study has been designed to study on 68 skulls (68×2=136 foramen). Result: In the study Bilateral presence of dome has been found in 57.35% of cases whereas bilateral absence in 4.41% of cases. In 64.7% of case larger right and in 19.1% of cases larger left foramen have been observed. In remaining 16.1% of cases both left and right jugular foramen are almost equal in size. Both unilateral and bilateral complete septation have been observed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10940   Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 95-98
Electroencephalographic changes during selective attention
Authors: Ghimire Nisha , Paudel Bishnu Hari , Khadka Rita , Singh Parash Nath , Das Asim
Published: October 2014

Background: Though many studies are conducted during attention process, it is still not clear how brain deals with attention. So we conducted a study to find out the electroencephalographic changes during selective attention.Methods: Thirty healthy right handed male students aged 23.1±2.8 yrs were asked to read congruent (red printed in red ink) and incongruent (red printed in blue ink) words printed in cards. EEG was recorded for ninety seconds during baseline (eye open) and reading of both cards. EEG epoch was analyzed by fast fourier transformation. Friedman test was used to compare EEG power spectra among baseline, congruent and incongruent reading followed by Wilcoxon’s Sign Rank Test.  Data were expressed as median with inter-quartile range.Results: Compared to congruent test during incongruent test there was selective increment of theta power at Fz [36.04 (28.30-46.19) vs. 47.89 (31.65-48.1)], Cz[36.13 (27.20-46.41) vs. 45.66 (37.15-49.4)] and C4 [25.11 (19.14-30.06) vs.  30.16 (21.43-33.8)] sites but it decreased at F7 [17.88 (14.49-20.93) vs. 11.31(8.96-15.975)] and F8 [19.23 (13.61-25.79) vs. 13.95 (10.40-16.67) sites. Also during incongruent card reading, alpha1 power significantly decreased in F8 [3.39(2.63-4.63) to 2.75 (1.93-4.7)] and alpha 2 power significantly decreased in P3 6.84 [(4.88-10.46) to 5.74 (4.78-19.95)] sites.Conclusion: During selective attention, theta gets synchronized at fronto-central regions and alpha2 desynchronized at parietal regions.  The theta and alpha1 at inferior frontal regions were also desynchronized in selective attention. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.11122Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 52-57
Infl uence of selenium deficiency on neural tube defects
Authors: Vats Rajeev
Published: October 2014

Objective: As for the role of selenium on human fetal development, a little data is available in literature.  The purpose of this manuscript was to study the influence of selenium on neural tube defects. This study will be helpful in planning strategies for prevention of neural   tube defects.Methodology: After collection of the venous blood the same was immediately centrifuged and after immediate centrifugation, the clear serum was transferred to deionized plastic vials, stored and frozen at –20º C until determination of the analysis was carried out. The selenium levels as ng/ml were determined on GBC 932 spectrophotometer by fluorometery.Results: The mean maternal blood serum and cell mass concentrations in NTD group (306.4 ± 10.95 ng/ml, 192.44 ± 6.12 ng/ml, 165.8 ± 16.99 ng/g respectively) were significantly lower than those of control mothers (363.75 ± 17.1 ng/ml, 242.34 ± 15.7 ng/ml, 260.0 ± 20.57 respectively).  A significant decrease in concentration of selenium in newborns with NTD (298.4 ± 12.3 ng/ml, 96.3 ± 7.15 ng/ml, 139.8 ± 27.5 ng/g respectively) as compared with healthy babies (358.1 ± 16.11 ng/ml, 122.44 ± 6.03 ng/ml, 268.6 ± 31.37 ng/g respectively).Conclusion: Selenium deficiency in mothers during pregnancy thought to be one of the factors responsible for NTDs.  However, the lowered selenium concentrations in blood, serum and cell mass can be secondary cause of an abnormal pregnancy and didn’t contribute to its production.  More investigations on selenium status in mothers during antenatal period, especially in prenatal development and antenatal selenium status including normal babies and NTD babies are required.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.11151Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 62-65
Core handling and processing for the WAIS Divide ice-core project
Authors: Souney Joseph M. , Twickler Mark S. , Hargreaves Geoffrey M. , Bencivengo Brian M. , Kippenhan Matthew J. , Johnson Jay A. , Cravens Eric D. , Neff Peter D. , Nunn Richard M. , Orsi Anais J. , Popp Trevor J. , Rhoades John F. , Vaughn Bruce H. , Voigt Donald E. , Wong Gifford J. , Taylor Kendrick C.
Published: October 2014

On 1 December 2011 the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice-core project reached its final depth of 3405 m. The WAIS Divide ice core is not only the longest US ice core to date, but is also the highest-quality deep ice core, including ice from the brittle ice zone, that the US has ever recovered. The methods used at WAIS Divide to handle and log the drilled ice, the procedures used to safely retrograde the ice back to the US National Ice Core Laboratory (NICL) and the methods used to process and sample the ice at the NICL are described and discussed.
Preconditioning of the 2007 sea-ice melt in the eastern Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean
Authors: Hutchings Jennifer K. , Perovich Donald K.
Published: October 2014

During summer 2007, perennial sea ice in the Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean, experienced an unprecedented amount of basal melt. It has previously been shown that this basal melt was linked to an increase in open-water fraction, increasing absorption of solar radiation into the ocean. GPS ice drifters, deployed around the site where the unprecedented basal melt was observed, provide a coincident observation of local divergence. This divergence is used to drive a multi-thickness category thermodynamic sea-ice model. We demonstrate that ∼ 75% of the observed open-water fraction by midsummer 2007 can be attributed to ice pack divergence during the growth season, preconditioning the ice pack for early melt in summer. Divergence during the melt season explains the remaining 25% of open water. Enhanced ice pack divergence in spring and summer 2007, in response to the increased transport of ice out of the Beaufort Sea, was sufficient to explain the melt observed in summer 2007 and the heat stored in the upper ocean at the end of summer.
Development of Natural Gas Fired Combined Cycle Plant for Tri-Generation of Power, Cooling and Clean Water Using Waste Heat Recovery: Techno-Economic Analysis
Authors: Mohan Gowtham , Dahal Sujata , Kumar Uday , Martin Andrew , Kayal Hamid
Published: October 2014

Tri-generation is one of the most efficient ways for maximizing the utilization of available energy. Utilization of waste heat (flue gases) liberated by the Al-Hamra gas turbine power plant is analyzed in this research work for simultaneous production of: (a) electricity by combining steam rankine cycle using heat recovery steam generator (HRSG); (b) clean water by air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) plant; and (c) cooling by single stage vapor absorption chiller (VAC). The flue gases liberated from the gas turbine power cycle is the prime source of energy for the tri-generation system. The heat recovered from condenser of steam cycle and excess heat available at the flue gases are utilized to drive cooling and desalination cycles which are optimized based on the cooling energy demands of the villas. Economic and environmental benefits of the tri-generation system in terms of cost savings and reduction in carbon emissions were analyzed. Energy efficiency of about 82%–85% is achieved by the tri-generation system compared to 50%–52% for combined cycles. Normalized carbon dioxide emission per MW·h is reduced by 51.5% by implementation of waste heat recovery tri-generation system. The tri-generation system has a payback period of 1.38 years with cumulative net present value of $66 million over the project life time.
FT-IR Microspectrometry Reveals the Variation of Membrane Polarizability due to Epigenomic Effect on Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Hsu Morris , Huang Pei-Yu , Lee Yao-Chang , Fang Yuang-Chuen , Chan Michael , Lee Cheng-I
Published: October 2014

Ovarian cancer, as well as other cancers, is primarily caused by methylation at cytosines in CpG islands, but the current marker for ovarian cancer is low in sensitivity and failed in early-stage detection. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is powerful in analysis of functional groups within molecules, and infrared microscopy illustrates the location of specific groups within single cells. In this study, we applied HPLC and FT-IR microspectrometry to study normal epithelial ovarian cell line immortalized ovarian surface epithelium (IOSE), two epithelial ovarian cell lines (A2780 and CP70) with distinct properties, and the effect of a cancer drug 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza) without labeling. Our results reveal that inhibition of methylation on cytosine with 5-aza initiates the protein expression. Furthermore, paraffin-adsorption kinetic study allows us to distinguish hypermethylated and hypomethyated cells, and this assay can be a potential diagnosis method for cancer screening.
Reactivity of Mononuclear and Dinuclear Gold(I) Amidinate Complexes with CS2 and CsBr3
Authors: Lane Andrew , Barnes Charles , Vollmer Matthew , Walensky Justin
Published: October 2014

To probe the reactivity of gold-nitrogen bonds, we have examined the insertion chemistry with carbon disulfide (CS2) as well as oxidation with cesium tribromide (CsBr3) with Au(I) amidinate complexes. The reaction of Ph3PAuCl with Na[(2,6-Me2C6H3N)2C(H)] yields the mononuclear, two-coordinate gold(I) complex, Ph3PAu[κ1-(2,6-Me2C6H3N)2C(H)], 1. The reactivity of 1 with CS2 produced the mononuclear Au(I) compound, Ph3PAu{κ1-S2C[(2,6-Me2C6H3N)2C(H)]}, 2. In the case of CsBr3 the previously reported dinuclear Au(I) complex, Au[(2,6-Me2C6H3N)2C(H)]2, 3, was isolated with formation of Ph3PBr2. We also compared the reactivity of CS2 and CsBr3 with 3. Carbon disulfide insertion with 3 produces a dimeric product, Aun[CS2(2,6-Me2C6H3NC(H)=NC6H3Me2)]n, 4, featuring a dinuclear core with linking aurophilic interactions, making it appear polymeric in the solid state. When CsBr3 is reacted with 3 the Au(II,II) product is obtained, Au2[(2,6-Me2C6H3N)2C(H)]2(Br)2, 5.
Synthetic Advances in Macrosphelides: Natural Anticancer Agents
Authors: Paek Seung-Mann
Published: October 2014

Total synthesis of macrosphelides is summarized. Synthetic approaches contain the preparation of key fragments and the final ring-closure reaction for unique 16- or 15-membered macrolactone skeletons.
A Brightness-Referenced Star Identification Algorithm for APS Star Trackers
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhao Qile , Liu Jingnan , Liu Ning
Published: October 2014

Star trackers are currently the most accurate spacecraft attitude sensors. As a result, they are widely used in remote sensing satellites. Since traditional charge-coupled device (CCD)-based star trackers have a limited sensitivity range and dynamic range, the matching process for a star tracker is typically not very sensitive to star brightness. For active pixel sensor (APS) star trackers, the intensity of an imaged star is valuable information that can be used in star identification process. In this paper an improved brightness referenced star identification algorithm is presented. This algorithm utilizes the k-vector search theory and adds imaged stars’ intensities to narrow the search scope and therefore increase the efficiency of the matching process. Based on different imaging conditions (slew, bright bodies, etc.) the developed matching algorithm operates in one of two identification modes: a three-star mode, and a four-star mode. If the reference bright stars (the stars brighter than three magnitude) show up, the algorithm runs the three-star mode and efficiency is further improved. The proposed method was compared with other two distinctive methods the pyramid and geometric voting methods. All three methods were tested with simulation data and actual in orbit data from the APS star tracker of ZY-3. Using a catalog composed of 1500 stars, the results show that without false stars the efficiency of this new method is 4~5 times that of the pyramid method and 35~37 times that of the geometric method.
The Role of Large-Scale Sporting Events in Host Community Education for Sustainable Development: An Exploratory Case Study of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games
Authors: Harris Rob
Published: October 2014

This study explores the relationship between large-scale sporting events (LSSEs) and education for sustainable development (EfSD) from the perspective of the host communities in which they take place. Over the past decade there has been an increasing acknowledgement by both the owners of these types of events and their hosting communities that they offer meaningful opportunities to engage in practices linked to EfSD. This acknowledgement, however, has not been accompanied by any discernible interest by researchers. This exploratory study goes some way towards redressing this situation and in so doing provides a platform upon which future research in this area can be built. Additionally, its findings are intended to be of value to communities who are bidding for, or hosting, LSSEs. A case study-based explorative research approach was employed in this inquiry utilizing the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games (SOG). This event was chosen in part because its practices in the sustainability area are generally well documented, but more importantly because it represents a watershed event in terms of the engagement of a LSSE with a sustainable development agenda. The conceptual framework used to guide this study drew upon stakeholder theory and the limited literature associated with sustainable development and LSSEs. Secondary data in the form of reports, studies, audio visual, and other material, along with personal interviews, were used to explore the elements of this proposed framework and their relationship to one another. The study found the process of EfSD in the context of the SOG to be: dominated by the government sector; involve a diverse range of programs and initiatives; largely of an informal educational nature; and to have impacted organizations, groups, and individuals (to varying degrees) across the community. The EfSD process was also found to have been influenced by a number of factors, with some serving to strengthen the process, while others acted as constraints upon it. Additionally, the study identified a number of host community EfSD legacies, along with the potential for such legacies to extend to non-hosting communities.
Peritoneal Resting with Heparinized Lavage Reverses Peritoneal Type I Membrane Failure. A Comparative Study of the Resting Effects on Normal Membranes
Authors: De Sousa Erika , Del Peso Gloria , Alvarez Laura , Ros Silvia , Mateus Ana , Aguilar Ana , Selgas Rafael , Bajo María-Auxiliadora
Published: October 2014

Background

Ultrafiltration failure (UFF) is a serious complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). Peritoneal rest (PR) has been demonstrated as a valid treatment to reverse the functional changes that occur in UFF. The effects of PR on a normally functioning human peritoneum are unknown but are expected to be neutral. Our hypothesis was that PR positively modifies peritoneal function in patients with UFF, in contrast to the absence of effects when PR is applied under normal conditions.

Patients and Methods

We studied 84 PR periods, comparing 35 patients with UFF and 49 controls (resting for abdominal surgery with temporary discontinuation of PD). We analyzed peritoneal transport pre-PR and post-PR by calculating the mass transfer coefficients of creatinine (Cr-MTAC), the dialysate/plasma creatinine ratio (D/P Cr) and the ultrafiltration (UF).

Results

Baseline data was similar for the 2 groups, although the UFF group had a longer median time in PD (39 [18 – 60] vs 10 [5 – 23] months; p = 0.00001). Peritoneal rest induced a decrease in D/P Cr, Cr-MTAC and an increase in UF capacity in the UFF group ( p = 0.0001, p = 0.004 and p = 0.001, respectively), without causing changes in the control group. Peritoneal rest in patients with more than 6 months of UFF was not able to reduce peritoneal solute transport or improve UF capacity. Response to PR did not differ among UFF patients with or without a previous history of peritonitis. Peritoneal rest enabled patients with UFF to continue on PD for a median time of 23 months (range, 13 – 46 months).

Conclusions

Peritoneal rest induces functional changes in patients with UFF but not in those with no functional abnormalities. This demonstrates that PR works only when abnormal but reversible functional conditions are present. However, the effect is highly dependent on how early PR is applied.
Financial Implications to Medicare from Changing the Dialysis Modality Mix under the Bundled Prospective Payment System
Authors: Liu Frank X. , Walton Surrey M. , Leipold Robert , Isbell Deborah , Golper Thomas A.
Published: October 2014

Background

The economic burden of treating end-stage renal disease (ESRD) continues to grow. As one response, effective January 1, 2011, Medicare implemented a bundled prospective payment system (PPS, including injectable drugs) for dialysis patients. This study investigated the 5-year budget impact on Medicare under the new PPS of changes in the distribution of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD), in-center hemodialysis (ICHD), and home hemodialysis (HHD).

Methods

An Excel-based budget impact model was created to assess dialysis-associated Medicare costs. The model accounted for dialysis access establishment, the current monthly capitation physician payment for ESRD, Medicare dialysis payments (including start-up costs), training, oral drug costs, and the costs and probabilities of adverse events including access failure, hospitalization for access infection, pneumonia, septicemia, and cardiovascular events. United States Renal Data System (USRDS) data were used to project the US Medicare dialysis patient population across time. The baseline scenario assumed a stable distribution of PD (7.7%), HHD (1.3%) and ICHD (91.0%) over 5 years. Three comparison scenarios raised the proportions of PD and HHD by ( 1 ) 1% and 0.5%, ( 2 ) 2% and 0.75%, and ( 3 ) 3% and 1% each year; a fourth scenario held HHD constant and lowered PD by 1% per year.

Results

Under the bundled PPS, scenarios that increased PD and HHD from 7.7% and 1.3% over 5 years resulted in cumulative savings to Medicare of $114.8M (Scenario 1, 11.7% PD and 3.3% HHD at year 5), $232.9M (Scenario 2, 15.7% PD and 4.3% HHD at year 5), and $350.9M (Scenario 3, 19.7% PD and 5.3% HHD at year 5). When the PD population was decreased from 7.7% in 2013 to 3.7% by 2017 with a constant HHD population, the total Medicare payment for dialysis patients increased by over $121.2M.

Conclusions

Under Medicare bundled PPS, increasing the proportion of patients on PD and HHD vs ICHD could generate substantial savings in dialysis-associated costs to Medicare.
The Impact of Timing of Dialysis Initiation on Mortality in Patients with Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Kim Hyung Wook , Kim Su-Hyun , Kim Young Ok , Jin Dong Chan , Song Ho Chul , Choi Euy Jin , Kim Yong-Lim , Kim Yon-Su , Kang Shin-Wook , Kim Nam-Ho , Yang Chul Woo , Kim Yong Kyun
Published: October 2014

Background

The impact of timing of dialysis initiation on mortality is controversial in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD). In this study, we analyzed the impact of timing of dialysis initiation on mortality in the incident PD population.

Methods

Incident patients with PD were selected from the Clinical Research Center (CRC) registry for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), a prospective cohort study on dialysis in Korea. Patients were categorized into 3 groups according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the initiation of PD using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. Group A was defined as eGFR < 5 mL/min/1.73m2, group B as eGFR 5 – 10 mL/min/1.73m2, and group C as eGFR > 10 mL/min/1.73m2. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of mortality with group B as the reference. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality.

Results

A total of 495 incident PD patients were included. The number of patients in group A was 109, group B was 279, and group C was 107. The median follow-up period was 23 months. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that group A had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with group B (HR 4.13, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55 – 11.03, p = 0.005) after adjustment for age, gender, cause of ESRD, serum albumin level, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. There was no significant difference in mortality between group C and group B (HR 1.50, 95% CI, 0.59 – 3.80, p = 0.398) after adjustment for clinical variables.

Conclusion

An eGFR < 5 mL/min/1.73m2 at the initiation of PD was a significant risk factor for death, while an eGFR >10 mL/min/1.73m2 at the initiation of PD was not associated with improved survival compared with an eGFR of 5 – 10 mL/min/1.73m2 at the initiation of PD.
COMPUTING VOLUME OF THE HEART'S RIGHT VENTRICLE USING 2D ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IMAGES
Authors: Ušinskas Andrius , Meilūnas Mečislavas , Paulinas Mantas , Miniotas Darius , Zakarkaitė Diana , Matačiūnas Mindaugas , Ušinskienė Jurgita , Laucevičius Aleksandras
Published: October 2014

This paper presents a new way for computing the volume of the heart's right ventricle. The technique involves manual marking of three critical contours of the ventricle's regions on 2D echocardiography images. The contours are then deformed semi-automatically to keep them orthogonal and concurrent in four-chamber plane, transverse (short-axis) plane, and lateral plane. The ventricle's surface is generated and its volume computed automatically. The proposed model was validated by comparing its estimate with actual measurements using 3D echocardiography imaging.
Research on the Heat Processing Theory and Damage of Martensitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Sun Ya Li
Published: October 2014

Through the Gleeble-1500D thermal simulator, the paper were carried out hot compression and tensile experiments on the 1Cr13 martensitic stainless steel, and get the different deformation curve under the conditions of stress strain. At the same time, we get the constitutive equations and Z parameters, which provide necessary material model for numerical simulation of the stainless steel forging process. The compression and tensile tests were simulated with DEFORM-3D simulation software, respectively; get the material value of the fracture damage ductile fracture critical damage and material void initiation damage, it will reasonable provide reference in production process and prevention crack in the process of forging.
Application of Carbon Capture and Sequestration in Clean Energy Cycle Technology
Authors: Xie Lan Lan
Published: October 2014

The low carbon economy development mode refers to the use of a low carbon economy related theoretical knowledge, organization economy and social activity, the traditional economic development mode is transformed into a new low carbon economy development mode. With the economic development of Hebei Province, a low carbon economy development as the guidance, and Hebei Province low carbon economy development planning as the purpose, to establish Hebei Province low carbon economy development mode structure. At the same time, the economic development of Hebei Province is carried out investigation and analysis, the original data of Hebei Province economic development uses standard data method and normal distribution, to carry out standard processing. According to the analytic hierarchy process, the combination of Hebei Province low carbon economy evaluation and index hierarchy analysis method, to carry out system evaluation for the overall carbon economy development.
Simulation and Prediction of Signal Processing in Communication Terminal Based on Grey Algorithm
Authors: Wang Guang Fei
Published: October 2014

In the development of socialist modernization today, the social gap between rich and poor is still very large. Poor university students account for a quite large proportion in university students' whole groups. How to ensure poor university students' rights and interests is very important. From the analysis of poor university students’ all aspects of rights, this paper compared the difference of two countries’ protecting the rights of poor university students by analysis of grey theory and anonymous questionnaire survey. It analyzes the reasons of difference and explores the basic methods of educating poor students, establishing and perfecting contemporary university students' education system, so as to help poor students gain legal safeguard of rights and interests and lay a solid foundation for the construction of a harmonious campus and a harmonious society.
Isolation and Identification of Microbes in High-Salinity Environmental Microorganism in Disposal of Salt-Contained Wastewater
Authors: Zhang Chun Yan , Liu Hui , Hu Hai Xing
Published: October 2014

Along with the rapid development of today's society, all sorts of wastes produced from human life and production are discharged into the natural environment, so that a certain impact has been exerted on air, soil, lakes, and oceans. The wastes discharged into the natural environment not only contain some toxic substances and various compounds difficult to degrade, but also are with the characteristics of strong acid, strong alkali, high temperature, and high salinity, so that the general microorganisms are hard to survive in this environment. However, there are some extreme microorganisms to gradually fit the environment in the process of evolution, and the microorganisms include alkalophilic bacteria, basophilic bacteria, halophilic bacteria, etc. Halophilic bacteria grow mainly in sea and salt lake, and also have unique physiological features, while the application of high-salinity microbes to the disposal of salt-contained wastewater is of a broad prospect and an important social value. In this paper, the isolation and identification of microorganism in a high-salinity environment and their application to the disposal of salt-contained wastewater are mainly analyzed.
Analysis of Meteorological Data Sharing System
Authors: Yang Qing , Yao Xue Min , Liu Ze Jun
Published: October 2014

With the development of meteorology science, the sources of meteorological data materials are numerous, and the data scale is becoming larger and larger. How to rapidly analyze these data to obtain accurate weather forecast is a problem in meteorological science development. This paper, according to meteorological data features, selects reasonable development scheme, adopts database storage technology to conduct regulatory storage of data materials, uses JAVA to establish query platform and adopts the commonly used MICAPS and GrADS technology in meteorological service department in China for data material Web drawing, thus developing and completing a set of meteorological data sharing system suitable for meteorological service department. This system makes weather forecasters more intuitive to search for various types of historical data materials, which is also very necessary for the science research and business development of Guangxi Meteorological Department, thus enhancing and improving the public meteorological service ability in this region.
Orthogonal Test for Optimization of Total Saponin of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Extraction by Decompressing Inner Ebullition
Authors: Weng Yan Ying , Deng Guang Kuang
Published: October 2014

In order to optimize the extraction technology of total Saponin of Gynostemma pentaphyllum by decompressing innner ebullition, the technology was established between the extraction yield of total Saponin and several independent variables (the concentration of desorption agent, solid-liquid ratio, extraction temperature and time) through orthogonal test ,which was based on the single factor experiment. Experiment results show that the optimum extraction conditions for 5.0 g raw materials are as followed: the volume fraction of ethanol solution saturated the materials is 60% , the volume of water is 19 times to material. The extraction process can finish after 5 min at 50 °C twice. The results indicate that orthogonal test design can be an effective method to optimize the extraction technology of total Saponin of Gynostemma pentaphyllum through decompressing innner ebullition.
Simulation Environment of Virtual Visualization Technology Based on Apriori Algorithm
Authors: Zhuang Guo Min
Published: October 2014

Based on the optimization emergency management legal mechanism of environment emergency, we introduce the Apriori law to the emergencies analysis, and use support degree and confidence degree to improve the Apriori law, so the law has stronger relevance. We use the VC software to programming mathematical model of the law, and use VC source code and engineering design model to design the computer optimization system of environmental emergency management legal mechanism. In order to verify the effectiveness and reliability of the system, we do correlation calculation on legal mechanism before and after optimization, and obtain the correlation visualization process curve of Apriori law, and obtain the optimum structure of environmental emergencies legal mechanism. It provides a new computer method for studying environmental emergency management.
Study on Sedimentary Characteristics and Models of River Group Sequence
Authors: Shi Zheng , Qiu Long Wei , Yang Yong Qiang
Published: October 2014

Zhunzhong area Qingshui River group has top and bottom boundaries,which are not clear,and research on the evolution of the lack in sequence stratigraphic framework of deposition and on the reservoir sand body types do not have a clear understanding problem.In seismic interpretation, core description and based on the analysis of the related test,combining with the mud logging and well logging data,for the redefinition of Qingshui River group on the top and bottom boundaries,it identifies 6 time significance of sequence boundary,taking Qingshui River group can be divided into 2 sequences, 5 system tracts;clear and definite the study area mainly developed delta lacustrine depositional system,which can be further divided into the delta front subfacies, beach bar facies and semi deep lake subfacies. It takes an analysis on the sedimentary characteristics and distribution rules of different types, and it controls effect of topography and hydrodynamic conditions on deposition system, and then puts forward the corresponding sedimentary patterns.
Research on the Separation Performance of Deoiling Hydrocyclones
Authors: Wang Jun
Published: October 2014

This paper uses FLUENT as the researching tools of 3D numerical simulation of deoiling hydrocyclones, analysis on the geometric structure of deoiling Hydrocyclone, summed up a set of grid partition method based on the basic theory and turbulence simulation of CFD theory, to determine a reasonable mathematical model, boundary conditions, convection diffusion the discrete format and pressure velocity coupling algorithm. This paper establishes the mathematical model, calculation method and the optimization principle for the separation mechanism; it also provides basic theory and experience for studying on deoiling hydrocyclone such as separation mechanism, flow and turbulent scalar field characteristics and structure optimization design.
Analysis on Financial Support Efficiency of Strategic Emerging Industries Based on DEA - Tobit Model
Authors: Li Cheng
Published: October 2014

Cultivating and developing strategic emerging industries is very important for promoting the rapid transformation of economic development mode, and adjusting and optimizing the economic structure. Financial support plays the role of guidance and support in the development process of strategic emerging industries. Based on the measurement results for financial support of strategic emerging industries in Guangdong, the paper constructs Tobit model analyzing factors which influence efficiency. The empirical results indicate that the reason why the average value of comprehensive efficiency of financial support for strategic emerging industries in Guangdong is lower scale efficiency. Financial subsidy, tax preference and government procurement is good for improving the efficiency of financial support, and financial subsidy has the most evident effect. Therefore, we should use the means of marketization operation to improve the availability efficiency of financial fund, realize recycle of financial funds, and takes different financial support measures in different development stages of strategic emerging industries.
Acquisition System Construction of Travel Information Based on Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Xiao Yan Ling
Published: October 2014

At present, while pursuit the spiritual enjoyment, attention has gradually paid to the tourism and tourism industry has developed very rapidly. But at the same time, the rapid development of the tourism industry also brings the problem of ecological environment protection, which is become increasingly outstanding contradiction. All sectors of the community is generally pay close attention to the tourism environment problems, and regard it as a hot spot for research. However, low-carbon tourism concept, the interaction principle of development of tourism activities and tourism environment protection, need from a holistic perspective to do the evaluation research. This paper based on DPSIR model, introduced low-carbon concept into the development of tourism industry, combined with the basic theory of low-carbon tourism, and constructed the development model of low-carbon tourism industry, combined with the actual tourist attractions for empirical research, to make more favorable exploration on direction and way of tourism to achieve low-carbon sustainable development.
Research on Service Capability Based on Data Mining
Authors: Chen Run Yu
Published: October 2014

The progress and development of the society promotes service industry to grow, and service-oriented enterprises are emerging. However, the lagging service theory makes the development of service economy lack of the corresponding theoretical support. Based on analyzing the sources of corporate profits in service economy era, the paper uses data mining technique to apply customer classification to measurement methods of service capability. The change of service capability not only makes the enterprises position the problem clients accurately and rapidly, but also can timely adjust business strategies, which can increase profits.
Research on Fine Management of Construction Cost Based on BIM
Authors: Zhu Fang Lin , Tao Xue Ming , Huang Jia Zhen , Cao Yi Yun
Published: October 2014

The paper uses the concept of refining construction cost management as the objective to analyze the problems of the existing construction cost management in China including low working efficiency and evident information island. The paper refers to the advantages of BIM technology in information integration and cooperative work, analyzes the application value of BIM technique to construction cost fine management, and tries establishing standardized and processed construction cost fine management mode.
Network Data Fusion Technology of Physical Movements Based on Direct Current Meta-Data
Authors: Li Feng Ling , Li Peng , Song Guang Min
Published: October 2014

Aim at China occupation basketball club, to carry out detail investigation and analysis from the club building mode, management mode and fund sources and other aspects. Through the 15 occupation basketball club to carry out analyze, using statistical methods are compared from our existing occupation basketball club development present situation, at the same time to calculate Chinese occupation basketball club satisfaction. Finally, according to the analysis of the findings, to propose some methods of China occupation basketball club development, such as improving the position of market main body, accelerating the club management system and improving its business philosophy, to provide certain reference for China occupation basketball club embarked on the professional road.
Impact Model and Efficiency Analysis on Network Storage Technology Compared with Semiconductor Circuit
Authors: Tang Ji Hong , Tan De Ying
Published: October 2014

Memory is to experience things that carry out the psychological process of accumulation and preservation, which plays an important role for College students’ English learning. There are many factors affecting the memory efficiency of College English, such as learning, memory skills and so on. In order to improve the memory efficiency, the more researchers are to explore from the perspective of information cognition, the emotional level’s research is less. So,on the basis of the university students’ emotional education and college students' English memory regularity, to presented emotional College English memory model, and the establishing process of English memory model carries on the theory derivation, finally through the English memory experiment, analysis emotion education on the effect of College students' English memory efficiency.
Automatic Segmentation Technology of Space Architecture Image Based on Space Adaptive Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Wu Jia Wei , Li Hai Bo
Published: October 2014

Interior furnishing design actually is the construction interior space design, an organic part of the whole building, a continuation of the architectural design, a manifestation of deepening the concept of architectural space.This article elaborates on the close relationship between furnishing design and interior design, contents and the important role of furnishing design classification.
Algorithm Design and Dynamic Evaluation Model of Multi-Variable Inputs Based on Development Tool of JSP Network
Authors: Meng Qing Yun , Li Liang
Published: October 2014

With the continuing of new teaching reform, English teaching has been incorporated into the focus of teaching reform. English teaching has characteristic of wide application range, various teaching methods, flexible using multimedia etc.. Therefore, in the teaching process we take more abundant methods to raise the enthusiasm of students and improve the students' English learning ability. Combined with the multivariate regression variable analysis method, we use JSP network development tool to improve the English teaching evaluation system and obtain the English comprehensive evaluation platform under the multivariate influencing factors. In order to verify the validity and reliability of the system, we evaluate complaint strategies, explicit teaching and complaint explicit teaching, and obtain the results of the English learning ability, which provides a new method for the application of computer in English teaching.