bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translation, validation, and factor structure of the Nepali version of postpartum bonding questionnaires (PBQ-N) among postpartum women in Nepal
Authors: Pudasainee-Kapri Sangita , Shrestha Tumla , Dahan Thomas , Wunnenberg Mary
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to translate and test the psychometric properties of the Nepali version of the PBQ (PBQ-N) among postpartum mothers in Kathmandu, Nepal. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with postpartum mothers (n = 128) of an infant aged one to six months visiting immunization clinics at two selected hospitals in Kathmandu, Nepal. The PBQ scale was translated into Nepali language and backtranslated to English with the help of language and content experts. The PBQ-N was then assessed for factor structure, validity, and reliability. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to examine construct validity of the PBQ-N in which 16 items (α = .75) of the original 25 items grouped into three subscales and were found suitable to measure mother-infant bonding among Nepalese women. Regarding convergent validity, a statistically significant, positive correlation was found between the PBQ-N and postpartum depression (r = .627, p < .001). In addition, a statistically significant, negative association was found between parenting self-efficacy and the PBQ-N (r = -.496, p < .001). The three subscales demonstrated good internal consistency. Findings indicate adequate estimates of validity and reliability for the PBQ-N in which 16-item measures were considered adequate for screening mother-infant bonding among Nepalese women and are useful for clinical and research purposes. Considering the crucial role of maternal-infant bonding relationships, the use of validated measures is recommended to screen high-risk infants in clinical settings.
The enhancive effect of the 2014–2016 El Niño-induced drought on the control of soil-transmitted helminthiases without anthelmintics: A longitudinal study
Authors: Pattanawongsa Attarat , Kammaneechan Pattanasak , Na-ek Prasit , Sedionoto Blego , Anamnart Witthaya
Published: July 2024

Background

Soil-transmitted helminthiases (STHs) are common in tropical and subtropical regions. Southern Thailand experiences an extended rainy season, leading to persistently moist soil. This condition supports the life cycle of STHs, hindering effective control due to reinfection and low drug efficacy. We implemented a novel STH control strategy during the dry season aimed at decreasing reinfection rates without enhancing sanitation or hygiene practices. However, there were unexpected, prolonged droughts linked to El Niño events from 2014 to 2016. Additionally, we assessed the effects of these drought conditions on further control measures without the use of anthelmintics.

Methodology/Principal findings

A longitudinal study was conducted from 2012 to 2016. Stool samples collected from 299 participants were analyzed using the Kato-Katz and agar plate culture methods. Participants who tested positive for STHs received a single 400 mg dose of albendazole. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated three weeks later. To confirm the control measures were implemented during the dry season, we monitored the number of rainy days following albendazole treatment for 52 days, of which 38 were without rain. Follow-up stool examinations were carried out in 2013 and 2016, with no additional doses of albendazole administered. Rainfall and rainy day data, which served as indicators of unexpected droughts due to El Niño, were collected from the nearest local meteorological stations. Before the drought, there was a decrease in STH prevalence in 2013—except for trichuriasis—attributable to the dry season control efforts. Despite these efforts, STH prevalence remained high. Remarkably, in 2016, following the drought period, the prevalence of trichuriasis, which had not changed previously, spontaneously declined without further albendazole treatment compared to 2013.

Furthermore, the prevalence of strongyloidiasis remained unchanged likely due to its low susceptibility to drought conditions, as it can reproduce within hosts. Conversely, the prevalence of other STHs consistently declined. The drought and possible improvements in sanitation and hygiene practices contributed to this decrease by reducing rates of reinfection and new infection and by increasing the natural cure rate. Additionally, some participants infected with hookworms or Trichuris who were not cured by albendazole experienced natural remission.

Conclusions/Significance

Control measures implemented during the dry season, combined with a 14-month-long drought induced by the El Niño event of 2014–2016, and some improvements in sanitation and hygiene practices, contributed to a decrease in both the prevalence and intensity of STHs, except for S. stercoralis. Over time, S. stercoralis is likely to become the predominant species among the STHs.
Antibody reactions of horses against various domains of the EHV-1 receptor-binding protein gD1
Authors: Schramm Andreina , Ackermann Mathias , Eichwald Catherine , Aguilar Claudio , Fraefel Cornel , Lechmann Julia
Published: July 2024

Equid alphaherpesviruses 1 (EHV-1) and 4 (EHV-4) are closely related and both endemic in horses worldwide. Both viruses replicate in the upper respiratory tract, but EHV-1 may additionally lead to abortion and equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM). We focused on antibody responses in horses against the receptor-binding glycoprotein D of EHV-1 (gD1), which shares a 77% amino acid identity with its counterpart in EHV-4 (gD4). Both antigens give rise to cross-reacting antibodies, including neutralizing antibodies. However, immunity against EHV-4 is not considered protective against EHM. While a diagnostic ELISA to discriminate between EHV-1 and EHV-4 infections is available based on type-specific fragments of glycoprotein G (gG1 and gG4, respectively), the type-specific antibody reaction against gD1 has not yet been sufficiently addressed. Starting from the N-terminus of gD1, we developed luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) assays, using gD1-fragments of increasing size as antigens, i.e. gD1_83 (comprising the first 83 amino acids), gD1_160, gD1_180, and gD1_402 (the full-length molecule). These assays were then used to analyse panels of horse sera from Switzerland (n = 60) and Iceland (n = 50), the latter of which is considered EHV-1 free. We detected only one true negative horse serum from Iceland, whereas all other sera in both panels were seropositive for both gG4 (ELISA) and gD1 (LIPS against gD1_402). In contrast, seropositivity against gG1 was rather rare (35% Swiss sera; 14% Icelandic sera). Therefore, a high percentage of antibodies against gD1 could be attributed to cross-reaction and due to EHV-4 infections. In contrast, the gD1_83 fragment was able to identify sera with type-specific antibodies against gD1. Interestingly, those sera stemmed almost exclusively from vaccinated horses. Although it is uncertain that the N-terminal epitopes of gD1 addressed in this communication are linked to better protection, we suggest that in future vaccine developments, type-common antigens should be avoided, while a broad range of type-specific antigens should be favored.
Impact of negative emotions on upper gastrointestinal diseases: A Mendel randomization study
Authors: Gao Nan , Yu Zhun , Fan Yu , Jiang Xue , Hu Ting
Published: July 2024

Mendelian randomization method is a powerful tool in epidemiological research. The core idea is to use genetic variation as a tool to assess the causal relationship between risk factors and specific diseases. Confounding factors are important interference factors for causal inference in epidemiological studies, and genetic variation in Mendelian randomization studies follows the principle of random distribution of alleles to offspring, which is similar to randomized controlled trials. Mendel ’s randomization method can effectively avoid the confounding factors, reverse causality in observational studies and the representativeness and feasibility of randomized controlled trials. Previous observational studies have reported a relationship between negative emotions and upper gastrointestinal disease. However, whether this relationship is causal remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the causal relationship between negative emotions and upper gastrointestinal diseases using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Three sets of genetic instruments from the database were obtained for analysis, including 12 anxiety-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 46 depression-related SNPs, and 58 nervous-related SNPs. SNPs were filtered using the Phenoscanner website, and the inverse variance weighted method, weighted median method, MR-Egger regression, MR pleiotropy residual sum, and outlier test were used for analysis. In inverse variance weighted analysis, anxiety and depression had an effect on gastroduodenal ulcer (p = 2.849×10−3, β = 4.908, 95% CI = 1.684–8.132; and p = 6.457×10−4, β = 1.767, 95% CI = 0.752–2.782, respectively). Additionally, depression had an effect on diseases of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (p = 3.498×10−5, β = 0.926, 95% CI = 0.487–1.364). Cochran’s Q-derived p-values were 0.457, 0.603, and 0.643, and MR-Egger intercept-derived p-values were 0.697, 0.294, and 0.362, respectively. Here, we show that anxiety and depression have a causal relationship with gastroduodenal ulcers, and depression has a causal relationship with diseases of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
The impact of hospital presentation time on stroke outcomes: A nationally representative Irish cohort study
Authors: Loughlin Elaine , Gabr Ahmed , Galvin Rose , McCormack Joan , Brych Olga , O’Donnell Martin J. , Collins Rónán , Thornton John , Harbison Joseph , O’Connor Margaret
Published: July 2024

Objectives

There is conflicting evidence regarding the outcomes of acute stroke patients who present to hospital within normal working hours (‘in-hours’) compared with the ‘out-of-hours’ period. This study aimed to assess the effect of time of stroke presentation on outcomes within the Irish context, to inform national stroke service delivery.

Materials and methods

A secondary analysis of data from the Irish National Audit of Stroke (INAS) from Jan 2016 to Dec 2019 was carried out. Patient and process outcomes were assessed for patients presenting ‘in-hours’ (8:00–17:00 Monday-Friday) compared with ‘out-of-hours’ (all other times).

Results

Data on arrival time were available for 13,996 patients (male 56.2%; mean age 72.5 years), of which 55.7% presented ‘out-of-hours’. In hospital mortality was significantly lower among those admitted ‘in-hours’ (11.3%, n = 534) compared with ‘out-of-hours’ (12.8%, n = 749); (adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) 0.82; 95% Confidence Interval CI [95% CI] 0.72–0.89). Poor functional outcome at discharge (Modified Rankin Scale ≥ 3) was also significantly lower in those presenting ‘in-hours’ (adjusted OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.68–0.91). In patients receiving thrombolysis, mean door to needle time was shorter for ‘in-hours’ presentation at 55.8 mins (n = 562; SD 35.43 mins), compared with ‘out-of-hours’ presentation at 80.5 mins (n = 736; SD 38.55 mins, p < .001).

Conclusion

More than half of stroke patients in Ireland present ‘out-of-hours’ and these presentations are associated with a higher mortality and a lower odds of functional independence at discharge. It is imperative that stroke pathways consider the 24 hour period to ensure the delivery of effective stroke care, and modification of ‘out-of-hours’ stroke care is required to improve overall outcomes.
Respiratory and muscular effort during pre-slaughter stress affect Nile tilapia fillet quality
Authors: Prestes dos Santos Silvia , da Silva Maria Ildilene , Godoy Antonio Cesar , De Almeida Banhara David Geovanni , Goes Marcio Douglas , Souza dos Reis Goes Elenice , Honorato Claucia A.
Published: July 2024

Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) management procedures are directly linked to the final quality of the product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-slaughter density and different stunning methods on biochemical, respiratory and muscle injury parameters associated with quality and sensory characteristics of Nile tilapia fillets. Fish with an average weight of 762±105 g were used, first collected called the control group. The experiment was conducted in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme, with two densities (50 and 300 kg of live weight m−3) and two stunning methods thus totaling four treatments, with 15 repetitions per treatment totaling 75 fish sampled. Blood gas analysis, evaluation of biochemical parameters, analysis of meat quality and sensory analysis were carried out. For blood gas, biochemical and enzymatic parameters, the highest values were obtained for the density of 300 kg m−3 and asphyxia method: partial pressures of CO2; glucose and lactate, the highest values presented were 268.98 and 11.33 mg dL−1 respectively. As well as enzymatic activities, Creatinine kinase (CPK); Creatinine kinase isoenzyme (CKMB) showed higher values (768.93 and 1078.98 mg dL−1 respectively) in the higher density and asphyxia method. Conversely, when evaluating the quality parameters, the highest values were observed for lower density and thermonarcosis. High depuration density (300 kg m−3), combined with the asphyxiation stunning method, promotes changes in respiratory dynamics and provides greater stress, less firm fillet texture and greater weight loss due to cooking, as well as changes in creatine kinase (CK) and its CK-MB isoenzyme, demonstrating greater muscle damage. On the other hand, the density of 50 kg m−3 during pre-slaughter, combined with the method of stunning by thermonarcosis, provide a longer period of permanence in pre rigor mortis, which will result in fillets with a better sensory profile.
Visualization system to identify structurally vulnerable links in OHT railway network in semiconductor FAB using betweenness centrality
Authors: Choi Jinwoo , Park Youngbin , Choi Yeeun , Kim Sehyeon , Lee Heewon , Park Hyunwoo
Published: July 2024

In semiconductor fabrication (FAB), wafers are placed into carriers known as Front Opening Unified Pods (FOUPs), transported by the Overhead Hoist Transport (OHT). The OHT, a type of Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV), moves along a fixed railway network in the FAB. The routes of OHTs on the railway network are typically determined by a Single Source Shortest Path (SSSP) algorithm such as Dijkstra’s. However, the presence of hundreds of operating OHTs often leads to path interruptions, causing congestion or deadlocks that ultimately diminish the overall productivity of the FAB. This research focused on identifying structurally vulnerable links within the OHT railway network in semiconductor FAB and developing a visualization system for enhanced on-site decision-making. We employed betweenness centrality as a quantitative index to evaluate the structural vulnerability of the OHT railway network. Also, to accommodate the unique hierarchical node-port structure of this network, we modified the traditional Brandes algorithm, a widely-used method for calculating betweenness centrality. Our modification of the Brandes algorithm integrated node-port characteristics without increasing computation time while incorporating parallelization to reduce computation time further and improve usability. Ultimately, we developed an end-to-end web-based visualization system that enables users to perform betweenness centrality calculations on specific OHT railway layouts using our algorithm and view the results through a web interface. We validated our approach by comparing our results with historically vulnerable links provided by Samsung Electronics. The study had two main outcomes: the development of a new betweenness centrality calculation algorithm considering the node-port structure and the creation of a visualization system. The study demonstrated that the node-port structure betweenness centrality effectively identified vulnerable links in the OHT railway network. Presenting these findings through a visualization system greatly enhanced their practical applicability and relevance.
ASATrans: Adaptive spatial aggregation transformer for cervical nuclei segmentation on rough edges
Authors: Sun Hualin , Hu Shengyao
Published: July 2024

The main characteristic of cervical cytopathy is reflected in the edge shape of nuclei. Existing computer-aided diagnostic techniques can clearly segment individual nuclei, but cannot clearly segment the rough edges of adherent nucleus. Therefore, we propose an effective method (ASATrans) to accurately segment rough cervical nuclei edges by exploring adaptive spatial aggregation methods. ASATrans creates a Multi-Receptive Embedding Layer that samples patches using diverse-scale kernels. This approach provides cross-scale features to each embedding, preventing semantic corruption that might arise from mapping disparate patches to analogous underlying representations. Furthermore, we design Adaptive Pixel Adjustment Block by introducing a long-range dependency and adaptive spatial aggregation. This is achieved through the stratification of the spatial aggregation process into distinct groups. Each group is given an exclusive sampling volume and modulation scale, fostering a collaborative learning paradigm that combines local features and global dependencies. This collaborative approach to feature extraction achieves adaptability, mitigates interference from unnecessary pixels, and allows for better segmentation of edges in the nucleus. Extensive experiments on two cervical nuclei datasets (HRASPP Dataset, ISBI Dataset), demonstrating that our proposed ASATrans outperforms other state-of-the-art methods by a large margin.
Comparative Risk of Serious Infection With Vedolizumab vs Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results From Nationwide Swedish Registers
Authors: Karlqvist Sara , Sachs Michael C. , Eriksson Carl , Cao Yang , Montgomery Scott , Ludvigsson Jonas F. ,   The SWIBREG Study Group, Olén Ola , Halfvarson Jonas
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:

We aimed to assess the risk of serious infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with vedolizumab compared with those treated with anti-tumor necrosis factors (TNF) and the general population.

METHODS:

In this Swedish cohort study, treatment episodes were identified from nationwide health registers. We used Cox regression with propensity score-matched cohorts to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for incident serious infections, defined as infections requiring hospital admission.

RESULTS:

During 1,376 treatment episodes in Crohn's disease, the rate of serious infections per 100 person-years (PY) was 5.18 (95% CI = 3.98–6.63) with vedolizumab vs 3.54 (95% CI = 2.50–4.85) with anti-TNF; HR = 1.72 (95% CI = 1.12–2.65), partly explained by more gastrointestinal infections. Compared with the rate of 0.75/100 PY (95% CI = 0.59–0.92) in a matched general population cohort, vedolizumab demonstrated higher risk (HR = 7.00; 95% CI = 5.04–9.72). During 1,294 treatment episodes in ulcerative colitis, the corresponding rates were 3.74/100 PY (95% CI = 2.66–5.11) with vedolizumab vs 3.42/100 PY (95% CI = 2.31–4.89) with anti-TNF; HR = 0.80 (95% CI = 0.47–1.36) during the initial 1.1 years and HR = 2.03 (95% CI = 0.65–6.32) after 1.1 years (truncated due to nonproportional hazards). Pneumonia accounted for 40% of all infections among anti-TNF, whereas no case was observed among vedolizumab episodes. Compared with the rate of 0.69/100 PYs (95% CI = 0.53–0.87) in a matched general population cohort, vedolizumab showed an HR of 5.45 (95% CI = 3.67–8.11).

DISCUSSION:

Vedolizumab was associated with increased risks of serious infections compared with anti-TNF in Crohn's disease but not in ulcerative colitis. Nonetheless, the panorama of serious infections seemed to differ between the drugs. Our findings underscore the importance of clinical awareness of infections and the safety profile of the 2 therapies.
30th Symposium on Plasma Physics and Technology
Authors: Various Authors
Published: July 2024

List of abstracts
Numerical simulation of vacuum arc under different axial magnetic fields and different erosion rates
Authors: Simonnet Claire , Freton Pierre , Gonzalez Jean-Jacques , Reichert Frank , Petchanka Arkadz
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we present a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model that describes a high current vacuum arc in the subsonic regime between copper contacts under the influence of an axial magnetic field (AMF). The model is based on a MHD approach to the inter-electrode plasma and is realized with the commercial software Ansys Fluent. Only the plasma region is modelled. The behaviour of the copper electrodes is taken into account by specific boundary conditions. We describe the model, the boundary conditions and present the simulation results. Temperature profiles and electron and ion densities will be presented in a reference case. Based on this arc modelling, a parametric study on arc characteristics will be performed, including varying the AMF strength, the ablation rate and the current intensity.
Study of ozone destruction reaction on surfaces
Authors: Mazánková Věra , Trunec David , Staněk Filip , Krčma František
Published: July 2024

The ozone destruction was studied in a quartz cuvette. The time dependence of ozone concentration was measured by absorption spectroscopy. From this time dependence the pseudo first-order rate constant was derived. This rate constant depends on surface condition - the surface concentration of adsorbed oxygen atoms. This surface concentration was changed by reactions of adsorbed oxygen atoms with gaseous molecular oxygen just before the cuvette was filled by ozone. The decrease of atomic oxygen surface concentration leads to the decrease of rate constant for ozone destruction. The measured rate constants were in range 9.0 × 10−5 s−1 to 9.8 × 10−5 s−1.
Understanding international student experiences in Japanese higher education: belonging as an indicator of internationalisation success
Authors: Rees Nerys
Published: July 2024

The globalisation of English and the status of English as a lingua franca have boosted student mobility globally, even in countries where English is not the dominant language. Along with native English-speaking countries, non-native English-speaking countries are also turning to English as a part of their internationalisation strategies to attract talented students. Many have imported the template provided by centre countries, setting up English-medium instruction and English-taught programmes to attract international students. With a growing number of international students, Japanese universities are offering more English-medium instruction and English-taught programmes to accommodate sociolinguistic diversity in education. While higher education campuses in Japan are becoming more multifaceted, there is little research published on the overall experiences of international students, especially their lives outside the classroom. Therefore, to better understand the international student voice, this article focuses on the non-academic needs of international students to develop a broader conversation around internationalisation policies and the leadership and management of incoming students. Data analysis shows sociolingual and cultural issues impacting international students daily, with internationalisation efforts often isolated to certain faculties. International students frequently need support to navigate access to services on and off campus, or to feel included in university life. Such challenges can be seen as issues affecting international students’ ability to control their daily lives or to feel a sense of belonging within the university. With many English-medium instruction and English-taught programmes marketing themselves as not requiring Japanese proficiency, this article suggests that enhancing a system for supporting international students’ personal challenges can impact students’ academic experience and success.
Explorando a matemática na construção de aplicativos do App Inventor
Authors: Leal João Vitor Souza , Guimarães Daniel da Silveira , Barbosa Fernando da Costa
Published: July 2024

Este relato descreve um projeto inovador na interseção da tecnologia digital e da educação matemática implementado no primeiro ano do Ensino Médio de uma Escola Estadual no interior de Minas Gerais. O projeto visou equipar os estudantes com habilidades fundamentais de programação através do uso do MIT App Inventor, com o intuito de aplicá-las na compreensão de equação do segundo grau e no estudo da Matemática financeira. A experiência procurou não apenas introduzir conceitos de programação de forma didática e acessível, mas também demonstrar sua aplicabilidade prática e reforçar o conteúdo matemático através do desenvolvimento de aplicativos relevantes. Os resultados preliminares indicam um aumento significativo no engajamento dos estudantes e uma melhor compreensão dos conceitos matemáticos abordados.
Resolvendo problemas matemáticos na cozinha
Authors: Bizerra Dhâmarys Alves , Borges Marta
Published: July 2024

O estudo da matemática tem sido favorecido por uma inovação de métodos e abordagens explorados em ambientes de aprendizagem criados nas escolas, a partir de alternativas envolvendo atividades dinâmicas e outros materiais didáticos. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma atividade de ensino por meio da junção de resolução de problemas matemáticos com a culinária, no Programa Residência Pedagógica da Universidade Federal de Catalão, em conjunto com o componente curricular de Estágio Supervisionado. A pesquisa teve abordagem qualitativa e natureza exploratória, e buscou investigar como trabalhar as estratégias de resolução de problemas junto com a culinária, especificamente, na parte da confeitaria. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada no primeiro semestre de 2023, com estudantes do Ensino Médio, de uma escola estadual de tempo integral, em Catalão-GO, que participavam de uma disciplina eletiva. A atividade proposta consistiu de uma situação-problema, envolvendo a receita de um bolo de chocolate do tipo brownie, e teve o objetivo de calcular o custo dos ingredientes. Foi possível perceber que a interação e o compartilhamento de saberes foram significativos, porque, além de favorecer a aplicação das estratégias de resolução de problemas, sob a mediação das professoras, possibilitaram que os estudantes também pudessem ser mais proativos.
Abordando a diversidade no ensino de matemática: o Desenho Universal para a Aprendizagem como uma possibilidade de promover o acesso ao currículo
Authors: Leite Magno de Alcântara , Oliveira Mario Donizete Rodrigues de , Bôas Sandra Gonçalves Vilas
Published: July 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma sequência de atividades com base no Desenho Universal para a Aprendizagem (DUA), desenvolvida durante um curso de extensão do Projeto Fundão, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). O curso, conduzido pelo subgrupo Ensino de Matemática para Alunos com Deficiência Visual e Auditiva, teve como foco a inclusão desses alunos em salas de aula regulares. A atividade sugeriu a elaboração de uma aula envolvendo pelo menos um aluno com deficiência visual ou auditiva no contexto do ensino regular. Buscando promover uma aprendizagem inclusiva, temos como objetivo propor uma sequência de atividades baseada no DUA, a partir de uma dada situação-problema, a ser resolvida por uma turma de 4º ano do ensino regular, e que contemple um aluno com deficiência visual. A abordagem do DUA visa criar um ambiente educacional que elimine barreiras de aprendizagem, valorizando cada aluno, independentemente de suas necessidades individuais. O DUA promove a acessibilidade ao currículo e uma educação inclusiva, reconhecendo a diversidade de estilos de aprendizagem. Ao planejar uma sequência de atividades baseada no DUA, o enfoque não se limita à deficiência do aluno, mas considera sua singularidade. A expectativa é que, ao atender às necessidades individuais e diversificadas dos estudantes, seja possível contribuir para aprendizagem e promover uma experiência educacional inclusiva e enriquecedora. Essa abordagem beneficia todos os alunos com deficiência, ou não, possibilitando promover e respeito às diferenças e preparando os alunos para um mundo mais inclusivo. O artigo destaca a importância de incorporar o DUA como estratégia educacional inclusiva, demonstrada por uma sequência de atividades como exemplo prático de sua aplicabilidade.
Dos maestros en diálogo. Francisco Canals y Leonardo Polo
Authors: Bernabé Gorostidi Juan
Published: July 2024

Francisco Canals y Leonardo Polo han sido dos filósofos de una gran importancia y muy semejantes entre sí. En este trabajo se comparará su enseñanza acerca de los temas superiores de la filosofía, clasificados en cuatro por Polo. Se podrá apreciar que comparten bases y hallazgos, pero también que Polo es expresamente contrario a varias posturas de Canals.
Eduardo Chillida y María Zambrano, guiados por un aroma
Authors: Cruz-Ayuso María Cristina de la
Published: July 2024

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer el diálogo entre la obra de Chillida y el pensamiento de Zambrano. A partir de la colaboración del escultor en 1989 en el Catálogo de la exposiciónhomenaje a María Zambrano, con motivo de la concesión del Premio Cervantes a la filósofa española, se presenta una concisa crónica a partir de las escasas pero significativas colaboraciones y referencias que existen sobre Chillida y Zambrano que arrojan cierta luz sobre la relación que existe entre sus respectivos universos creativos. Con el objetivo de seguir la trama de este vínculo profundo entre ambos, se toma como referencia la estrecha relación que los dos mantuvieron con José Ángel Valente, tratando de mostrar la impronta que su amistad tuvo en la creación de ese hilo invisible que une a Chillida y Zambrano.
«Особого выбора не было»: институциональные условия и культурные нарративы образовательного выбора в моногородах
Authors: Романенко Ксения Романовна
Published: July 2024

В рамках культурсоциологического подхода в статье изучаются культурные нарративы, которыми обосновывают свой образовательный выбор студенты, обучающиеся по программам высшего образования в российских моногородах, а также то, в каких институциональных условиях осуществляется этот выбор. Исследование выполнено в качественной стратегии по результатам 70 полуструктурированных биографических и экспертных интервью со студентами, представителями вузов и предприятий моногородов Свердловской области. Полевые материалы интерпретированы с помощью процедур обоснованной теории и дискурс-анализа.
В качестве основного результата выделено восемь ключевых нарративов: нарратив избегания опасности, ловушки и освобождения, предопределенности и долга городу и предприятию, обязательного свободного времени, неотменяемой случайности, продолжения династии, инженерной гордости, надежности и заботы. Описаны практики взаимодействия вузов и предприятий, определяющие образовательный выбор и включающие в себя базовые кафедры, организацию студенческих практик, совместные профориентационные мероприятия для школьников, специальные стипендии с обязательством их отработать.
Благодарность. Публикация подготовлена в рамках поддержанного РНФ научного проекта № 22-18-00687 «Исследование трансформации институционального дизайна российской образовательно-инновационной системы в условиях постпандемической реальности: экосистемный анализ и картографирование ландшафта».
Автор выражает благодарность Екатерине Шибановой за дискуссии о моногородах, Екатерине Масловой за помощь с исследовательской литературой, Адель Овакимян за помощь с гайдами, Гавриилу Агаркову за помощь с контактами в поле, а также Станиславу Авдееву, Елизавете Александровой, Анастасии Андреевой, Екатерине Абалмасовой, Анастасии Вшивковой, Михаилу Гасинцу, Алексею Егорову, Маргарите Кирюшиной, Анастасии Лаховой, Елене Мельниковой, Дмитрию Михайловскому, Анастасии Пичугиной, Анне Марии Филипповой и Гарику Чахояну за проведение интервью, использованных в работе.
Жизненные выборы на разных этапах жизненного пути — автобиографии одного поколения
Authors: Андреенкова Анна Владимировна
Published: July 2024

Статья посвящена изучению жизненных выборов людей на протяжении их жизненного пути на основе событийного анализа автобиографий и глубинных интервью с респондентами поколения 1960―1975 гг. рождения. Из всех жизненных событий, упомянутых как значимые в автобиографиях или определенных как таковые в глубинных интервью, три четверти представляли собой ситуации выбора. Ситуация выбора характеризуется пространством выбора ― широтой и свободой от серьезных ограничений. 40% всех ситуаций выбора были отнесены к категории ситуаций с широким выбором, 30% ― к ситуациям выбора с существенными ограничениями, 20% ― с узким выбором. Ограничениями выступали материальные сложности, инфраструктурные возможности, а также внешние нормативные и внутренние ценностные факторы, предыдущие решения и решения других людей. Для разных социальных групп пространство выбора неодинаково. В ситуациях узкого или ограниченного выбора женщины оказываются чаще, чем мужчины; люди с низким социально-экономическим статусом ― чаще, чем люди со средним или высоким статусом.
Автор предлагает схему-классификацию характера выбора, выделяя нормативный, активно-созидательный, вынужденный и конформный выборы. Около половины жизненных выборов делаются на нормативных основаниях, около трети ― активно-созидательных, гораздо менее распространены вынужденный и конформный. Позитивные последствия с точки зрения самореализации человека чаще возникают в результате активно-созидательного выбора, реже ― нормативного. Ситуации выбора-преодоления или конформного выбора в большинстве случаев влекут негативные последствия. Факторы, способствующие жизненному выбору с позитивными долговременными результатами, ― благоприятные социально-исторические условия, готовность к изменениям и определенному риску, независимость в принятии решений, осознанность собственных желаний и целей.
Жизненный выбор людей из поколения, рожденного в 1960―1975 гг. и взрослевшего во время радикальных трансформаций 1990-х, был ограничен как институциональными и общими социетальными условиями, так и ценностно-нормативными факторами. В ходе анализа выделены такие концептуальные особенности жизненного выбора, как сложная субъектность, ограниченность в рациональности, зависимость от предыдущих выборов и выборов других людей, а также долгосрочность последствий.
Благодарность. Работа выполнена в рамках гранта РНФ 23-18-00635 «Жизненный путь, ценности, ожидания поколения, взрослевшего в 1990-е, ― лонгитюдное исследование через 30 лет».
Репертуар биографических выборов ветеранов Афганской войны
Authors: Даутова Татьяна Евгеньевна , Рождественская Елена Юрьевна
Published: July 2024

В фокусе статьи — биографический репертуар выборов ветеранов Афганской войны, которые так или иначе меняли свои жизненные траектории под влиянием полученного опыта боевых действий. Военная социология, социология жизненного пути и биографии позволяют наметить ряд уместных концепций для изучения перехода к гражданскому миру, биографической неопределенности и (не)ресурсности жизненных выборов. Понятие выбора увязано с понятием агентности в контексте биографических переходов, маркирующих утрату прежних и обретение новых социальных идентичностей. Примененная типология агентности С. Хитлена и Г. Элдера в биографическом действии дает возможность значимо дифференцировать характеристики различных выборов в военной биографии.
Эмпирически исследование построено на 17 биографических нарративных интервью с ветеранами Афганской войны, проведенных в технике Ф. Шютце. Обнаружено, что биографические траектории ветеранов содержат как преемственность с накопленным до службы опытом, так и смену ожидаемых событий. Участие в войне как поворотный момент биографии отражается в нарративно донесенной переработке жизненного пути ветеранов. Варьирующаяся ресурсность ветеранов — как призывников, так и кадровых военных, — по-разному позволила им распорядиться своим опытом, чтобы обеспечить преемственность или «отремонтировать» биографические разрывы за счет осуществляемых выборов. Но есть и те ветераны, кому это не удалось в силу потерь, инвалидизации, непреодоленных биографических разрывов. Биографическая неопределенность вследствие опыта войны и транзита кратно осложняет поствоенную адаптацию комбатантов и превращает биографический переход в биографический выбор, для которого требуется больше агентности и вовлеченности в социальное действие.
Благодарность. Исследование реализовано при поддержке факультета социальных наук, Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» в рамках проекта «Опыт локальных конфликтов: переработка, ресоциализация, инвалидность».
Effect of Leisure Activities Based on the Model of Human Occupation on Quality of Life, Self-efficacy, and Time Use o f Community-dwelling Persons With Disabilities
Authors: Lim, Jihyun Lim, Jihyun , Yoo, Daeseong Yoo, Daeseong , Yu, Seojin Yu, Seojin , Lee, Jihye Lee, Jihye , Kim, Hee Kim, Hee ,   The Korean Society of Occupational Therapy
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of leisure activities based on the Model of Human Occupation on the quality of life (QoL), self-efficacy, and time use of community-dwelling persons with disabilities. Methods: The participants of this study included 15 community-dwelling persons with disabilities, recruited through a public health center. The participants were matched with 2-3 undergraduate
volunteers majoring in occupational therapy, and evaluation and intervention were provided under the guidance of an occupational therapist in charge of community rehabilitation and a professor from the OT department. The study used a single-group pretest/posttest research design. The intervention was conducted in 10 sessions over 10 weeks. The Korean version of the WHO Quality of Life Scale-shortened version was used to evaluate QoL before and after the intervention, the General Self-efficacy Scale was used to evaluate self-efficacy and the Occupational Questionnaire (OQ) was used to evaluate time use. Results: Through 10 weeks of leisure based on the Model of Human Occupation, the QoL of community-dwelling persons with disabilities showed improvements in overall QoL, physical health, and social relationships. The self-efficacy did not show significant improvement. The time use showed significant change is overall areas of in overall areas of OQ. Conclusion: We expect persons living in community to benefit from more visiting rehabilitation in order to engage in leisure activities of their choice.
Systematic Review of the Effects of Cognitive Intervention Applications: A Focus on Korean Literature Research
Authors: Lee, Hee-Ryoung Lee, Hee-Ryoung , Lee, Saem-Eun Lee, Saem-Eun , Kim, Bo-Ra Kim, Bo-Ra , Woo, Ji-Hee Woo, Ji-Hee ,   The Korean Society of Occupational Therapy
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to provide evidence supporting the use of cognitive rehabilitation applications by systematically analyzing the targets, types, and effects of treatment in the cognitive intervention literature based on domestic applications.
Methods: We searched for studies published between January 2010 and June 2023 in the DBpia, e-article, RISS, and KISS databases. The search terms were (‘application’ OR ‘application’ OR ‘App’ OR ‘tablet’ OR ‘ipad’) AND (‘cognition’ OR ‘memory’ OR ‘attention’ OR ‘problem solving’ OR ‘executive function’). Finally, 12 studies were selected for the analysis. Results: In the 12 selected papers, 5 randomized controlled trials were classified as qualitative level I. The participants were primarily adults (75%), and the most common disease was stroke (33.3%). Memory and attention were the most frequently targeted cognitive domains, each in 10 studies each, followed by visual perception in 5 studies. Cognitive interventions using applications showed significant improvements not only in cognitive function but also in activities of daily living performance, quality of life, depression, anxiety, and treatment preferences. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the application is a promising therapeutic tool to support
cognitive intervention. It is meaningful to provide information on the quality level, participants, intervention method, and effectiveness of evidence-based interventions of cognitive rehabilitation using applications.
Research Trends in Assessments for Measuring Social Isolation: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Jeong, Seung-Hui Jeong, Seung-Hui , Jung, Min-Ye Jung, Min-Ye ,   The Korean Society of Occupational Therapy
Published: July 2024

Objective: This study aimed to identify research trends in the assessment of social isolation through bibliometric analysis. Methods: Literature was collected from the Web of Science (WoS) database. National/Regional journals, research institutions, authors, keywords, and cluster analyses were conducted using VOSviewer. Results: The number of publications has rapidly increased since 2011, with most published in 2020. Most research has been conducted in the fields of public and occupational health, with
the United States and the United Kingdom showing high citation counts and connection strengths. South Korea appeared in the top 20. The key keywords identified were COVID-19, health, loneliness, depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusion: This study identified the main keywords, research trends, and connectivity in the assessment of social isolation over time. Based on this, we hope that the importance of evaluation and intervention from a preventive perspective on social isolation will be recognized and that this study will be utilized as fundamental data for related research.
Application of Plant-Based Metal Nanomedicine in Treatment of Various Types of Cancer: A Review
Authors: Hernawan Jihan Nurafifah , Sardjono Ratnaningsih Eko
Published: July 2024

Background: Plant-based nanomedicine is a rapidly growing field of research that utilizes plant-derived nanoparticles for the treatment of cancer. Nanoparticles from plant extracts have a number of advantages over synthetic nanoparticles, including biocompatibility, low toxicity, and ease of synthesis Objective: This article comprehensively explores the synthesis, characterization, and anticancer activities of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized using various plant extracts Methods: The research method used in this article is Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The research method used in this article is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The data are collected using Harzing’s Publish or Perish. The included literature sources discuss the synthesis and characterization of plant-based nanoparticles as anticancer, are published within the last 5 years, and are indexed in Google Scholar Results: Various synthesis methods influence the properties and cytotoxic effects of silver, zinc oxide, and gold nanoparticles derived from plant extracts. Characterization techniques provide insights into their synthesis, morphology, crystalline structure, surface chemistry, and stability. Conclusion: The results of this study reveal that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized from plants have great potential in the treatment of various types of cancer.
Histopathological Study of Sinonasal and Nasopharyngeal Lesions in Sumber Waras Hospital Jakarta from 2017-2023
Authors: Dewi Yunita , Sugiharto Sony
Published: July 2024

Background: Various non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions arise from the sinonasal tract and nasopharynx. Polyps are the most frequently reported sinonasal lesions, with a prevalence of 2 %. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a common malignancy in Indonesia, with 19.943 new cases. Histopathological examination is the gold standard for diagnosis because management and prognosis vary among different lesions. Objective: The aim is to determine the incidence of various non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions and to study the histopathological features with regard to age and gender. Methods: This study was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sample was retrieved from the histopathological records in Sumber Waras Hospital Jakarta from February 2017 to December 2023. The inclusion criteria were all patients with sinonasal or nasopharyngeal lesions that have been biopsied and then done histopathological examination at Sumber Waras Hospital Jakarta. The exclusion criteria were incomplete data and patients with histopathological diagnoses of necrotic tissue and inflammation. The sample consisted of 73 patients with a total of 76 cases, as 3 patients had multiple diagnoses. The data collected were later analyzed with SPSS software. Results: Among 73 patients, 54 were males and 19 were females. A maximum number of cases were diagnosed in the age group of 51-60. Among 43 sinonasal lesions, 25 (58,2%) were non-neoplastic and 18 (42%) were neoplastic lesions. Inflammatory polyps (42%) were the most common among the sinonasal lesions. Of 33 nasopharyngeal lesions, there were 2 (6,1%) non-neoplastic and 31 (93,9%) neoplastic lesions. The majority of these were of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (84,8%). Conclusion: Histopathological examination is essential for diagnosing and classifying sinonasal and nasopharyngeal lesions.
Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus (PERV) Infection of HEK-293 Cell Line Alters Expression of Human Endogenous Retrovirus (HERV-W) Sequences
Authors: Machnik Grzegorz , Klimacka-Nawrot E. , Sypniewski D. , Matczyńska D. , Gałka S. , Bednarek I. , Okopień B.
Published: July 2024

The risk of infections of human recipients after xenotransplantations is now mainly represented by porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) as these particles are part of the porcine genome. As in all vertebrates, human genome harbours its own numerous genetic sequences of retroviral origin; it is estimated that they comprise about 8 % of the human genome. Because some of them play an important role in human physiology, it is valuable to estimate whether the presence of PERVs in human cells influences homeostasis of the human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) expression pattern. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the expression profile of HERV-W genes changes after infection of cells by porcine endogenous retroviruses. In the experimental settings, human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK-293) was infected by PERV particles and cultivated up to 22th passage after infection. HERV-W gag, pol and env, as well as env from locus 7q21.2 gene expression was monitored by means of realtime reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot techniques. We found that the expression level of HERV-W genes differs in PERV-infected HEK-293 cell cultures in comparison with that from non-infected cultures. Relative HERV-W gene expression also differed significantly between particular passages (P < 0.05). Moreover, we have noticed a high correlation between the HERV-W Env(7q21.2) mRNA and protein level (Spearman rank r = 0.65; P < 0.05) during the course of the experiment. As previously hypothesized, human genomic sequences of retroviral origin may be changed by the presence of porcine endogenous retroviruses.