bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Opposition “Man – Machine” in the Language Picture of the World of the 21 Century
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod State Linguistic University named after N. A. Dobrolyubov, Marinova Elena V.
Published: June 2022

The reflection of the idea of the transformation of humanism in modern speech practice is considered by the example of rethinking the fundamental opposition of the culture “Man – Machine”. In the digital era, the boundary within this opposition is blurred: “humanization” of programs and algorithms takes place in parallel with the opposite process – “dehumanization” of live persons, and both processes are quite consistently reflected in the language. The novelty of the research is determined by the fact that for the first time it reveals implicit ways of expressing the transformation of the relationship between man and machine, namely through anthropomorphic and anthropocentric metaphors in the artistic and journalistic discourse. The purpose of the study is to present some stable models of transformation of the declared opposition in modern speech practice, indicating profound changes in the understanding of humanism in the digital age. The research material is modern prose and journalistic texts. The linguistic text analysis, semantic analysis of the key lexemes, and the method of establishing cognitive conditionality of language processes are used as the main research methods. As a result, the types of metaphors conveying the idea of likening a person to a technical device and algorithms, on the one hand (anthropomorphic metaphor), and likening an algorithm to a person, on the other hand (anthropocentric metaphor),which are consistently reproduced in artistic and journalistic speech, are established. Cognitive models defining the use of metaphorics for rethinking the opposition “Man – Machine” realize the transfer “from the human world to the world of technology and IT”, as well as the transfer “from the world of technology to the world of man”. In the latter case, the actualization of the metaphor of “code” is noted, revealing one of the main dangers of the dominance of modern technologies (robotization, artificial intelligence, etc.) in traditional spheres of human activity – the loss of personal freedom, manipulation of consciousness, devaluation of human individuality. The author sees the prospects of the research in the further study of the impact of the ideology of “code” on the formation of ideas of transhumanism.
Past and Present in the Media Environment: Value Resonance
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Sidorov Viktor A.
Published: June 2022

The article raises the question of the special properties of the modern media environment, capable of playing many social roles – an informer, a reasoner, an archiver, etc. The most diverse texts in a latent form are “on the shelves” of the network space, but once brought together in one semantic field they are capable of causing the cumulative effect on the audience, resonating the values of the past in the present, actualizing them. This phenomenon is directly related to the phenomenon of historical memory, which is inherent in both society as a whole and its mass media, largely determines the behavior of a contemporary. The study of topical issues of the historical memory of the society, including its media environment, has become an integral part of the scientific research of philosophers, culturologists, and journalism theorists. Thus, the relevance of this article is determined by the requests from both science and practice ‒ the deepening of crisis situations in the world has led to the demand for analysis of the manifestations of historical memory in modern mass media. Historical memory is ambivalent, its presence in the public consciousness is always marked by ambiguous assessments and approaches to the facts of history and their significance in modern political and cultural life. It is more important to understand how the ideological and moral components of the past and the present are docking in the media environment of our days, to what extent they can resonate and, therefore, be included in the creative practice of the humanistically oriented mass media. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine the hermeneutic possibilities of the student youth in interpreting a historically significant journalistic text given in comparison with the politically relevant text of the modern media environment. Accordingly, a focus group program was drawn up from among students – future journalists specializing in media and society culture. Separated by more than half a century, the texts of the essay “Clash” (1963) by the “Izvestia“ journalist Anatoly Agranovsky and the conversations of the journalist-blogger Yury Podolyaka (2022) were submitted for discussion. The results of the focus group showed that in the actual field of meanings, the values of the past effectively resonate with the present, and their interpretation by the audience leads to a reassessment of the ideology as a component of the public consciousness in the direction of emphasizing the urgent need to create a unifying ideology in the life of modern Russian society.
Mineralogy and formation conditions of Kholtoson tungsten deposit ores
Authors: Damdinova L. B. , Sazhina T. I. , Damdinov B. B.
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the research is to identify and study the features of mineral composition and formation conditions of ores of the Kholtoson tungsten deposit located within the Dzhida molybdenum-tungsten ore field (South-West Transbaikalia, Russia). The study employs a complex of mineralogical-petrographic and thermobarogeochemical methods. The molybdenum mineralization of the Dzhida ore field is confined to the apical part of the Pervomaisky stock (Pervomayskoye deposit), the tungsten mineralization is confined to numerous quartz veins in the western part of the ore field (Kholtoson vein deposit) as well as to the stockwork in the central part (Inkur stockwork deposit). The Kholtoson deposit occupies the western part of the ore field and is composed of numerous quartz veins localized mainly in the diorites of the Modonkul massif. Conducted works allowed to find out that the main gangue mineral is quartz; muscovite, potassium feldspar and carbonates are also present. Hubnerite is the main ore mineral of the Kholtoson deposit. In total, more than 20 mineral species have been identified including sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, bornite, etc.), sulfosalts (tetrahedrite, aikinite, stannite, etc.), oxides (scheelite, cassiterite), tellurides (hessite). According to the data of fluid inclusions study, calcium chlorides with an admixture of sodium and potassium chlorides predominate in the salt composition of oreforming fluids. The minimum temperatures of quartz deposition vary in the range of ~195–344 °С. Most of the homogenization temperatures determinations correspond to the range of ~250–300 °С. The presence of cogenetic fluid- and vapordominated inclusions in quartz from the ores of the Kholtoson deposit allows to estimate the fluid inclusion capture temperature range of 413–350 °C. The results of the studies carried out by the authors indicate that the main factors of hubnerite precipitation from hydrothermal solutions are changes in alkali-acid content and a temperature drop.
Sequential bronchoplastic upper lobectomy as a surgical component of multimodal treatment for synchronous bilateral multiple primary non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kit O. I. , Turkin I. N. , Kharagezov D. A. , Lazutin Yu. N. , Leiman I. A. , Chubaryan A. V. , Mirzoyan E. A.
Published: June 2022

Relevance. Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide including Russia. Surgery remains the standard of care for early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, as the disease progresses, the risk of metastasis increases, and the effectiveness of surgical intervention decreases. The treatment strategy for patients presenting with a single NSCLC has long been developed. However, for patients with two or more tumors, especially in both lungs, the correct choice is determined by many additional factors. Currently, the view on the surgical treatment for synchronous multiple primary NSCLC has changed dramatically. However, patients with locally advanced synchronous NSCLC often receive conservative treatment, and for those who do undergo surgery, the prognostic factors are unclear. The disease prognosis in patients after surgical treatment for bilateral synchronous multiple primary NSCLC has now been proven to be favorable. Pneumonectomy is believed to have no any negative effect on survival; however, several authors reported on a 1.5-2-fold increase in postoperative mortality in a series of surgeries for synchronous NSCLC. Case description. We herein report a case in which extended bronchoplastic upper lobectomy was successfully applied in the treatment of a patient with bilateral synchronous NSCLC. Our experience demonstrates that the sequential application of modern therapeutic modalities results in satisfactory long-term outcomes in the treatment of locally advanced LC.Conclusion. Due to its uniqueness, this clinical case will be useful for developing treatment strategy for synchronous locally advanced NSCLC as well as for improving the quality of life of patients and increasing their survival.
Neuroendocrine tumor of the small bowel and carcinoid syndrome: diff culties in diagnosis: a case report
Authors: Rodionov E. O. , Stolyarova V. A. , Miller S. V. , Podolko D. V. , Tuzikov S. A. , Bezgodova N. V. , Mokh A. A. , Markovich V. A. , Miller D. S.
Published: June 2022

Background. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the small bowel are rare and slow-growing tumors arising from intraepithelial endocrine cells that synthesize serotonin. Diagnosis of these tumors poses a signifcant challenge because they are often not diagnosed until an advanced stage, since the tumor may be asymptomatic or accompanied by non-specifc gastrointestinal complaints. Approximately 40 % of patients develop carcinoid syndrome due to hormonal activity of NETs. Surgery is the mainstay treatment of locoregional small bowel NETs. The fve-year survival rate of patients is about 85 %, with a median rate of 9.3 years. Case description. The female patient complained of facial redness and, to a lesser extent, redness of the skin of the trunk, accompanied by a feeling of heat, severe headache, lacrimation, and general feeling of weakness. The patient unsuccessfully received symptomatic treatment prescribed by various specialists (gynecologist, therapist, psychiatrist, endocrinologist, etc.) for 14 years. Based on the comprehensive examination, NET of the small bowel was diagnosed. The patient underwent radical surgery (pT2N1M0, stage IIIB, G2), but taking into account the unfavorable prognostic factors (metastases in the mesenteric lymph node, presence of carcinoid syndrome, elevated biochemical markers, Ki67 level = 6 %, presence of somatostatin receptors of 2 and 5 types in 60 % of tumor cells), the patient was further treated with somatostatin analogues. Conclusion. When small bowel NETs are suspected, especially with the evidence of carcinoid syndrome, every effort should be made to confrm the diagnosis using a combination of anatomical and functional tumor imaging with biochemical markers.
Prof. l.a. ashrafyan, academician of the Russian academy of sciences, (on the occasion of his 70th birthday)
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: June 2022

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In vitro screening of effectiveness and antiproliferative effects of potential ddit4 inhibitors for breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Zhidkova E. M. , Grigoreva D. D. , Lylova E. S. , Maksimova V. P. , Sagitova G. R. , Khayrieva G. I. , Trapeznikova E. S. , Kirsanov K. I. , Yakubovskaya M. G. , Lesovaya E. A.
Published: June 2022

Objective: screening of previously selected DDIT4 inhibitors by their ability to suppress basal and glucocorticoid-induced expression of this gene in breast cancer (BC) cells, as well as evaluation of antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of the studied drug combinations the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of studied drug combinations. Material and Methods. Breast cancer cells of the luminal, HER2- positive and triple negative subtypes were used. The effects of drugs (rapamycin, wortmannin, LY-294002, apigenin, resveratrol, curcumin, CGP-60474, and emetine) on the basal and glucocorticoid-induced levels of expression of the DDIT4 gene and its protein product were evaluated by qPCR and Western blotting assays. Results. Emetine, rapamycin, wortmannin, LY-294002 and CGP-60474 demonstrated DDIT4-inhibition activity. Glucocorticoid dexamethasone showed cytotoxic effects and antiproliferative activity in combination with emetine, CGP-60474 (C protein kinase inhibitor), resveratrol and curcumin. Conclusion. Novel inhibitors of DDIT4 in breast cancer model cells in vitro were found. Emetine and CGP-60474 are the most promising drugs for further research.
Candidemia in cancer patients: phenotypical and molecular-genetic characteristics of antifungal drug resistance, pathogenic factor genes of Candida spp.
Authors: Bagirova N. S. , Goremykina E. A. , Slukin P. V. , Khokhlova O. E. , Fursova N. K. , Petukhova I. N. , Grigorievskaya Z. V.
Published: June 2022

Relevance. The global trend of rapid increase in resistance to antifungal drugs due to multiple factors, dictates the need for continuous monitoring of taxonomic structure and susceptibility of nosocomial pathogens, causing invasive fungal infections, for permanent correction of the optimal prevention and treatment strategies. Purpose: to determine antifungal susceptibility of the main yeast pathogens in candidemia in cancer patients, as well as to determine resistance genes and pathogenic factor genes. Material and Methods. Eighty-two strains of Candida spp. isolated from blood of cancer patients from 2015 to 2021 were analyzed. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of fuconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, anidulafungin and micafungin were determined by a gradient method (E-test, BioMerieux, France). The EUCAST and CLSI criteria were used for MIC value assessment. The genes, associated with pathogenicity factors, and resistance to antifungal drugs were identifed. Results. Our study results based on EUCAST 2020, v.10.0 criteria showed that triazoles, especially fuconazole, were the least effective drugs in empirical therapy for invasive candidiasis (including candidemia). Resistance of Candida spp. fuconazole was superior to that of voriconazole (47.2 % vs 23.2 %, respectively, p<0.01) and posaconazole (47.2 % vs 30.4 %, respectively, p><0.05). The highest in vitro activity was observed in echinocandins, and anidulafungin was 2 times more active than micafungin (4.1 % of resistant strains vs 11.4 %, respectively), with no statistically signifcant difference (p>0.05). The ERG11 and FKS1 genes associated with resistance to antifungal drugs were detected in 28.6 % of Candida spp. strains. The ERG11 gene was detected in 8.6 % of cases, exclusively in Candida albicans strains. The FKS1 gene was identifed in 20.0 % of strains (85.7 % of them were C. parapsilosis, 7.1 % each were C. tropicalis and C. glabrata). Pathogenic factor genes were identifed in 78.6 % of C. albicans and in 79.1 % of C. parapsilosis strains. Conclusion. Molecular genetic methods for the detection of Candida spp strains carrying resistance genes to antifungal drugs, and the determination of pathogenicity factors are promising trends in searching for biomarkers. They facilitate interpretation of results of microbiological study to assess the ability of Candida spp. strains to develop invasive mycoses.
Social Networks and Knowledge Transfer in International Construction Joint Venture Projects: A Case Study in Thailand
Authors:   Department of Knowledge and Innovation Management, College of Arts, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, THAILAND, Khamaksorn Achara , Tah Joseph H.M. ,   School of the Built Environment, Faculty of Technology, Design and Environment, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, UNITED KINGDOM, Kurul Esra ,   School of the Built Environment, Faculty of Technology, Design and Environment, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, UNITED KINGDOM
Published: June 2022

International joint ventures (IJVs) are a specific type of strategic alliance between contractors from developed and developing countries and have been increasingly used. IJVs between multinational organisations are considered a successful strategy to benefit from international market opportunities in the globalised world. International construction joint ventures (ICJVs) have become of significant interest as the global construction market continues to be integrated into the more competitive business environment. The aim of this article is to uncover the knowledge transfer (KT) practices in an ICJV using social network analysis (SNA). The case presented here is the pilot study. A total of 19 questionnaire surveys were undertaken with selected team members. UCINET 6.0, an SNA package, was used to analyse the collected data and NetDraw was used to visualise the sociogram. This article first presents the actors' attributes; then, social network characteristics, which consist of network structure, network density and degree of centrality and cliques of actors, are presented. This analysis will be used to identify the key actors that influence the KT processes in this case study.
Analysis of Polygamy Practices in Batak Muslim Community in South Rantau Based on Law No. 16 of 2019 about Marriage and Islamic Law
Authors: Nazwah Nazwah
Published: June 2022

The Batak Muslim community in South Rantau considers marriage as a means to produce offspring to continue the male kinship side, in this case, the clan. So, if a marriage does not give birth to a son, the clan lineage is considered broken and cannot continue the clan lineage and inheritance. And also, if the marriage is still to be maintained, a husband can perform presidia-duo (two wives). The practice of polygamy in the South Rantau sub-district is carried out due to biological and economic conditions. The people who practice polygamy a lot are the Batak Muslim community. This situation creates a dilemma between obedience to religion and adherence to the law. On religious observance, they rely on the practice of polygamy based on understanding the QS. An-Nisa: 3. Meanwhile, compliance with the law is based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2019 concerning marriage amendments to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 1974. From here, this study discusses the practice of polygamy in the South Batak Rantau Muslim community, with reference to the provisions of Islamic law and Undang-undang. This research is field research by conducting observations, interviews, and documentation in the District of South Rantau. From here, the formulation of the problem to be answered in this study is how the practice of polygamy carried out by the Muslim community is understood through Law No. 16 of 2019 and Islamic Law.
Poverty Reduction Strategy Based on Family Empowerment in the Perspective of Islamic Law
Authors: Fuad Anisul
Published: June 2022

The mandate to eradicate poverty is part of the mission of the presence of Islam as a religion of rahmatan lil 'alamin. Poverty alleviation is one of the main aspects of development, as stated in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aims to determine two things: (1) What is the poverty alleviation strategy based on family empowerment in Indonesia?; (2) What is the perspective of Islamic law on poverty alleviation strategies through family empowerment? Poverty alleviation policies in Indonesia are operationalized in various forms of activity, including targeting family empowerment programs. This study uses a literature review method. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the poverty alleviation strategy through family empowerment was in three main policy groups, namely the social assistance and protection-based policy group, the participatory empowerment-based policy group, and the micro and small business empowerment-based policy group. Both strategies are in line with Islamic teachings, which contain poverty alleviation.
Forced Labor of the Population under the Nazi Occupation of 1941–1944 (Based on the Materials of the Border Territory of Belarus and the North-West of Russia)
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Krasnozhenova E. E. , Greben E. A. ,   Belarusian State Agrarian Technical University
Published: June 2022

The article investigates features of forced labor in the border territory of Belarus and the North-West of Russia during Nazi occupation of 1941–1944. The Wehrmacht used forced labor both in Germany by hijacking Soviet citizens there, and in industrial enterprises and in agriculture of the occupied territories. The civilian population was involved in the performance of certain work in favor of the occupation authorities. Peasants, in addition to traditional agricultural work and payment of in-kind taxes, were often forcibly involved in performing horse — drawn duties, peat and logging, railway protection, and mine clearance. Citizens were actively used by the occupying authorities to construct defensive structures and to work at industrial enterprises. Refusal to work was punishable by a fine, deprivation of ration cards, corporal punishment, and sentencing to a labor camp or shooting. Forced to work in enterprises, institutions, and agriculture, the population received meager wages and food rations, and the vast majority of workers lived below the poverty line. A special place among the crimes of Nazism in the territory of the North-West of Russia and Belarus, where the occupation went on the longest, is occupied by the forcible deportation of the population to Germany. From some settlements, the occupation authorities sent entire local populations to Germany without regard to age, health, or family circumstances. To provide the Nazi economy with labor, the occupation authorities paid considerable attention to propaganda among the population and the organization of recruitment campaigns. However, this did not contribute to raising the number of volunteers; instead, local residents in the occupied regions sabotaged the orders of the German-fascist command.
Who is Who in an Academic Research Institute: The Image of a Scientific Institution in the Last Decades of Soviet Power (1963–1991)
Authors:   St.Tikhon’s Orthodox University, Lapteva T. N.
Published: June 2022

The article aims to provide an account of an academic scientific institute as an independent functioning unit of the Soviet scientific system from the first half of the 1960s until the end of the Soviet era. This was a time of gradual decline of scientific achievements of the USSR after resounding successes in the 1950s. During these years, the growth rate of the number of scientists sharply decreased, and the understanding of their role in the institutions of the USSR Academy of Sciences changed. Using a wide range of archival documents, some used for the first time, the functions of each category of research institute employees, their qualifications, boundaries of authority, and ways to strengthen their position are described as factors that affect the effectiveness of research activities of the institute. Estimates of contemporaries — members of the academic community, given to certain social groups of research institute collectives — are provided. The academic research institute created favorable conditions for free scientific work by organizing a system of positions. Researchers could use the assistance of highly qualified support staff, were spared from mechanical labor and responsibility for technical processes, and had to deal only with science. The formal status of researchers at the Academy during the 1960s — 1980s steadily strengthened until the end of the Soviet era, in which they had the right to influence the election of the director of the institute at the general meeting of the collective, which has also contributed to democratization in the late 1980s. The inability to intervene in individual research processes made it difficult to get rid of vain employees and thus reduced the effectiveness of Soviet scientific institutions.
Pavel Milyukov’s Trip to the Balkans in the Winter of 1912–1913
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gusev N. S.
Published: June 2022

This article reconstructs P. N. Milyukov’s trip to the Balkans between December 20, 1912 and January 20, 1913, on the route St Petersburg — Vienna — Belgrade — Sofia — Thessaloniki — Belgrade — Vienna —Prague — Berlin — St Petersburg, using archival and published sources. Not only the date, but also many details of the trip were different from what is described in the politician’s memoirs. He was welcomed at the highest level in the Balkans. He twice had conversations with Serbian heir to the throne Alexander and Prime Minister N. Pasic. The Bulgarian tsar Ferdinand honored him with a two-hour audience, and current and former prime ministers I. Geshov and A. Malinov shared information with him. On the way back to St Petersburg, Czech public figures K. Kramář and T. G. Masaryk spoke with him. In addition, Milyukov spoke with the Russian envoys in Belgrade and Sofia, with the Bulgarian and Serbian representatives in Greece, as well as a number of Bulgarian and Macedonian activists of the national movement. Milyukov became acquainted with details of the formation of the Balkan Union, which went to war against Turkey, and with the details of the Austro-Serbian conflict. Bulgarian and Serbian officials presented him with their views on the conflict between these countries and with Greece over the partition of Macedonia. Confidential information was also shared with him, as he used as a communication channel between the Balkan states and Russia, and was perceived as a representative of the Russian Foreign Ministry. Milyukov published some of his impressions and information in a series of articles in the newspaper Rech, but much remained recorded only in the travel notebook of the leader of the Cadets, but then it was used in the preparation of public speeches on the Balkan issue.
EPOCHE AND ANXIETY. NEUTRALIZATION OF THE WORLD OR THE IMITATION OF EXPERIENCE?
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, MOLCHANOV VICTOR
Published: June 2022

This article discusses Husserl’s “epoche” and “phenomenological reduction” and early Heidegger’s “fear” and “anxiety” from a conceptual and terminological point of view. The basis for comparing “epoche” and “fear” is their main function of neutralizing the world. The author also considers the way of correlating the epoche and anxiety as philosophical concepts with three types of realizable experience that served as their source. The main points and stages of the introduction of the term “epoche” are highlighted; the main functional differences between the terms “epoche” and “phenomenological reduction” in various works of Husserl are indicated. A number of Husserl’s attempts to transform the methodological principles put forward by him into a description of a special experience of detachment, accessible through moral efforts, courage and honesty, are considered. In this regard, the transformation of Cartesian doubt into the procedure of “epoche” through the artificial procedure of “attempt at doubt” is analyzed. Three types of restrictions on the universality of the epoche are distinguished. Terminological and meaningful relationships between neutralization as a mode of consciousness and the epoche are considered. Two main differences are revealed, with the help of which Husserl tries to transform principles into experience: the difference between positional and neutral consciousness (primary and shadow one) and the difference between an epoche and a quasi-epoche. Husserl’s interpretation of the epoche and reduction as a special experience has two main sources: first, the experience of the imagination, or fantasy, and in this sense the source of the epoche is the quasi-epoche, and not vice versa. Secondly, the postulate of the identity of sensation from the real and illusory object. Heidegger’s distinction between fear and anxiety is critically analyzed. The author comes to the conclusion that a common source of the phenomena of anxiety, fear, horror, fright, and so on consists in the collision and mutual penetration of various human worlds. It is impossible to distance oneself from this diversity; further, it is the true source of philosophical reflection.
THE PHENOMENON OF EREIGNIS IN MARTIN HEIDEGGER’S PHILOSOPHY
Authors:   National Aerospace University — ‘Kharkiv Aviation Institute’, STOVBA ALEXEY
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the reasoning of the „Ereignis“ phenomenon in the philosophy of M. Heidegger. It is worth to emphasize that one of the main trends in contemporary philosophy is an attempt of creation of new–non-substantial–ontology. The very specificity of such ontology lies in the fact that classical substance is replaced by the dynamical configuration of sense, which is not “purely theoretical” but “ontological” in its core. “Ontological” means, in fact, that it is impossible to separate the mode of Being of phenomena from the process of thinking about them. Heidegger’s philosophy was one of the first attempts to create such ontology. It is worth to point out the three steps of the Heidegger’s studies of Being. The first, “fundamental-ontological” step is characterized primarily through the “ontological difference” between Being and entity, when the phenomenon of time represents by itself their hidden basis. During the second, “radical-ontological” period, Heidegger has already carried out his famous “turn.” In compliance with this “turn,” the truth of Being, die Lichtung, substitutes time as the “pre-ontological” basement of Being. In this case, Being itself transforms into the Event, „Ereignis“. On the third, “post-ontological” stage of studies the focal point of Heidegger’s thought is “post-ontological difference” between the Being of entity and Being itself. On this stage both Being and time are rooted in the phenomenon of „Ereignis“. The latter has been now transformed from being a “simple Event” into a “matter of fact” (the new interpretation of the Husserl’s famous „die Sache selbst“) as the alternation of the “disclosedness” and “concealness” of Being and time. In this case, „Ereignis“ is not quasi-substantial basement of Being, time or entity but it shows itself as its “Beginning” („Anfang“)“), when the Truth of Being is replaced by the dynamical sense configuration of the event, i.e., a “matter of fact.” Thus, Heidegger has conceptually created a new type of thnon-substantial ontology, the core of which is the phenomenon of „Ereignis“ as the dynamical singular configuration of the temporal-ontological sense of the Event itself.
WAR AS A PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEME: METHODOLOGICAL AND METAPHYSICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Authors:   Chinese University of Hong Kong, GENIUSAS SAULIUS
Published: June 2022

The paper is guided by three goals. First, it shows that the methodological standpoint of classical Husserlian phenomenology provides us with reliable tools to resist the grand narratives that proliferate during times of war. Second, it demonstrates that phenomenology provides much-needed methodological support for hermeneutically-oriented reflections on war. Third, it shows how the gruesome reality of World War One introduced a practical turn in Husserl’s phenomenology by forcing Husserl to rethink the relation between phenomenology and metaphysics. Tracing the development of phenomenological metaphysics in Husserl’s Fichte lectures (1917-1918), Kaizo articles (1923-1924) and private correspondence, the paper shows that, in response to war, Husserl deliberately chose not to engage in straightforward reflections on war, but instead to write about the prospects of peace. Reflections on cultural renewal necessitated him to rethink phenomenology as practical philosophy. The entanglement of praxis and theoria in Husserlian phenomenology relies upon the establishment of a metaphysically-grounded conceptual bond that ties reason to love and faith, which in its own turn suggests that a human being is not merely animal rationale, but also animal amans and animal religiosum. Ultimately, the possibility of cultural renewal relies upon a metaphysical broadening of Husserl’s conception of philosophy as rigorous sciences.
PHENOMENOLOGY OF POLITICAL ACTION
Authors:   Philipps University of Marburg, SOBOLEVA MAJA ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N.Yeltsin
Published: June 2022

The article focuses on a phenomenological study of political action. The analysis includes three directions: the concept of action, paradigms that determine political actions, and the purpose of action. In the analysis of action, I first use the distinction between the concepts of “act” and “operate.” “To act” means a conscious, deliberate, rational action. In contrast, “operate” means to behave unconsciously, mechanically or automatically, passively or instinctively. The political implications of the distinction between an “acting” and “operating” person can be formulated in the terms “freedom of action” and “coercion to operate,” and the latter can be used as a criterion for determining the type of social system, as well as for evaluating the correlated psychological state of society. As the next step, I analyse the action as a process and a result. I argue that in the social sphere, action appears as the sum of these moments, and the social sphere is a derivate of action. The last aspect of the analysis of action is responsibility. I claim that responsibility can be interpreted as the awareness and recognition by the individual of her role in history. The second part of the work is the study of paradigms and rules of political action in so-called open and closed societies. I claim that political action within the framework of an open society is limited only by legislation. In a closed society, political action is practically impossible: citizens do not act, but “operate” since there are no conditions for actions. After that, I analyse the role of social myths as a factor affecting people’s political activities. In the last part, I analyse the ultimate goal of political action. Traditionally, political philosophy assumes that the goals of politics are exhausted by the problems of relationship between the state and the individual. However, based on the theory of Hannah Arendt, it is possible to formulate the task of political action as the achievement of humanism in a human being, taken not in her relation to the state but in relation to herself. I argue that the minimal political action that can be qualified as humanism consists of the ability and courage to use one’s own mind.
ALTERITY, FACTICITY AND FOUNDATION OF FINITE FREEDOM IN LEVINAS. A COMPARISON WITH FICHTE
Authors:   University of Wuppertal, MARCHEGIANI GIULIO
Published: June 2022

Starting with the emphasis that Levinas puts on the role of otherness in the constitution of subjective dimension, this paper discusses how the articulation of this process and the consequences that derive from it recall specifically Fichtean themes. Although the relation between Levinas and Fichte has not been thoroughly examined in the literature yet, it can nevertheless be shown that themes such as the “call” of the subject from the outside, from the unattainable dimension of an otherness irreducible to any immanence and the factual and finite character of its correlative freedom can be understood by reference to the categories that Fichte develops in his texts on law and morals. The reference to Fichte, who already in his considerations on the Wissenschaftslehre recognizes an external Anstoß as determining the reality of the subject, will allows to elucidate the fundamental structure of Levinas’ thought. Particular attention is paid in Levinas to the belonging of otherness to an immemorial past, which in the impossibility of being traced back to the presence of consciousness finds the guarantee of its radical transcendence. Thus, another temporal (or rather, extra-temporal) dimension is configured which also in Fichte refers to an “exteriority” that cannot be assumed by the subject, but only ascertained a posteriori, hence its factual character. Through an interpretation of the fundamental meaning that the primacy of otherness over sameness has in Levinas and the attempt to reflect this relationship through the reference to similar Fichtean motifs, it becomes clearer that the basic meaning of a radical thought of otherness does not cancel the sameness of subject, but on the contrary allows to found it by referring it to its constitutive, unavoidable heteronomy.
Political identity and national memory: The conflict of contemporary political narratives
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Zavershinskiy Konstantin F. , Koryushkin Alexander I. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Czajowski Andrzej ,   University of Wrocław
Published: June 2022

The article examines the place and the role of political narratives of national memory in the processes of political identification of modern political communities. The authors prioritize contemporary socio-cultural research strategies of political phenomena, which interpret political identification processes in the methodological context of the dynamics of national memory’s symbolic structures. The proliferation of such communicative practices as storytelling, political performance, post-factual politics and political imaginary complicates the problem of political identification and its narrative design in modern society and gives rise to multiple nationalist, populist, and ethno-political discourses. In this context, the significance of the theoretical understanding of national codes of communal political identification and an ability to forecast the symbolic contours of a new, more stable narrative of national identity based on codes of solidarity and civic patriotism increases. The study of the impact of symbolic configurations of legitimating profiles of national memory on specifics of everyday political narratives and the discourses of civic patriotism as the semantic core of national identity is particularly important in the study of contemporary political identification. The description of the profiles of the national memory legitimation necessitates a study of the conflict dynamics of the symbolic contours of the national memory, which includes competing semantic components (images of the past, political characteristics of elites, typology of the heroic, priority strategies and practices of fighting “enemies”). In turn, these processes determine the nature of the emergence and multiplication of identity conflicts. Using methodological premises of the cultural and sociological analysis of the dynamics of modern political cultures as symbolic forms of national memory, the authors propose new theoretical approaches to the study of the political identification processes and conflicts among basic political narratives in the realities of contemporary political communicative practices.
Padrões semânticos em microconstruções causativas do português
Authors: Gomes Pereira Luana
Published: June 2022

Neste trabalho, investigamos as microconstruções de orações causativas analíticas no português, a partir da concepção teórica da Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso. Nosso objetivo é analisar padrões de causatividade presentes nas microconstruções com fazer, deixar, mandar, permitir, levar e obrigar – os dados mais frequentes encontrados na amostra midiática do PEUL, composta pelos jornais O Globo, Jornal do Brasil, Extra e O Povo. A partir da análise dos grupos de fatores agentividade do sujeito causador, animacidade do sujeito causado e processo verbal do verbo-efeito, buscamos verificar se essas microconstruções são semanticamente equivalentes ou se há uma polissemia quanto ao seu emprego de acordo com a teoria da Gramática de Construções (GOLDBERG, 1995, 2000; CROFT, 2001, dentre outros). Os resultados evidenciaram que existe uma rede polissêmica com diferentes formas de conceptualização da estrutura causativa, com seleção dependente dos elementos do discurso.
The choice of echocardiographic parameters for determining the hemodynamics phenotype in children after Fontan procedure
Authors: Sinelnikov Yu.S. , Orekhova E.N. , Orekhov S.A. , Matanovskaya T.V.
Published: June 2022

Aim. Evaluation of echocardiographic parameters to characterize the hemodynamics phenotype in children after Fontan procedure.Methods. 30 children aged 8.06 ± 4.3 years, body surface area 0.95 ± 0.33 m2, 12 boys (40%) with a functionally single ventricle after total cavopulmonary connection with extracardiac conduit fenestration. In addition to traditional echocardiographic parameters we assessed: systemic ventricular preload (stroke volume index, SVI), ventricular afterload (arterial elastance), arterial compliance, end–systolic ventricular elastance (VE), ventricular–arterial coupling (VAC), transpulmonary gradient (TPG).Results. In 33.3% (n = 10) children, the parameters of the single ventricle function were comparable to the normative values in biventricular hemodynamics. In 3 (10%) patients decreased values of the single ventricle systolic function were found (ejection fraction 40.0 ± 3.5%, fraction area changes 44.6 ± 3.5%, longitudinal strain −4.03 ± 0.87%), preload (SVI 13.30 ± 0.64 ml/m2), arterial compliance, (0.47 ± 0.17 ml/mm Hg), increased VAC (1.81 ± 0.10). In 36.6% of children (n = 11), a decrease in preload was found (SVI 27.4 ± 1.2 ml/m2), an increase in ventricular-arterial coupling (2.17 ± 0.16), and a decrease VE (1.98 ± 0.45 mm Hg/ml), an increase E/e´ (13.2 ± 1.7). In 20% of cases (n = 6) an increase in TPG was determined (11.6 ± 0.9 mm Hg).Conclusion. In children after Fontan procedure, 4 hemodynamic phenotypes were revealed in accordance with echocardiographic parameters: compensated, hypocontractile, with impaired diastolic properties of the systemic ventricle and with increased pulmonary vascular resistance. With a hypocontractile phenotype of hemodynamics, a significantly increased concentration of the pro-brain natriuretic peptide is determined. The phenotype of hemodynamics with increased pulmonary vascular resistance is more often associated with a higher functional class of heart failure.
Received 10 September 2021. Revised 4 October 2022. Accepted 14 December 2022.
Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.
Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Contribution of the authors: The authors contributed equally to this article.
A prospective randomized trial of the use of drug-eluting balloon catheters for the treatment of a lateral branch in patients with true bifurcation lesions
Authors: Eraliev T. , Khelimskii D. , Krestyaninov O.
Published: June 2022

Background. Endovascular interventions for bifurcation lesions of the coronary arteries account for approximately 15-20% of all coronary interventions. Despite the use of drug-eluting stents, the management of bifurcation lesions remains challenging, especially in the setting of lateral branch involvement. Although the Provisional stenting strategy is the preferred method for most patients, several studies have shown that dual-stent techniques may be advantageous in this patient population. However, as a general approach, the European Bifurcation Club recommends that percutaneous coronary interventions be performed with a minimum number of stents.Aim. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of using a paclitaxel-coated balloon in the treatment of a lateral branch in patients with true bifurcation coronary disease.Methods. This work was performed as a result of a clinical analysis and evaluation of the results of treatment of 80 patients with coronary artery disease, who underwent stenting of a true bifurcation lesion in the period from 2020 to 2021. All patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to main branch stenting followed by lateral branch dilatation with drug-eluting balloons and provisional stenting. A direct angiographic analysis was carried out before and after the intervention, and control coronary angiography was performed 12 months later with an assessment of the results obtained. All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination.Results. Pre-procedure reference main branch diameters were 2.97 ± 0.41 mm and 3.12 ± 0.38 mm in the Provisional and drug-eluting balloons groups, respectively. The degree of stenosis of the main branch before percutaneous coronary interventions was 65.2 ± 14.1% and decreased to 13.3 ± 6.6% after intervention in the Provisional stenting group. This was comparable to the results of percutaneous coronary interventions in the group of patients who used drug-eluting balloons 63.8 ± 12.3% and 12.9 ± 5.8%, respectively. The minimum diameter of the main branch after percutaneous coronary interventions increased from 1.04 ± 0.34 mm to 2.72 ± 0.44 mm in the Provisional stenting group and subsequently decreased to 2.18 ± 0.33 mm, according to control coronary angiography after 12 months. At the same time, patients who underwent intervention using drug-eluting balloons had a smaller loss of the lumen of the main branch 0.41 ± 0.33 mm versus 0.63 ± 0.32 mm (p = 0.003). In addition, late loss of lumen both in the lateral branch (0.51 ± 0.22 mm versus 0.33 ± 0.24 mm) and total in both branches of the bifurcation (1.06 ± 0.29 mm versus 0.79 ± 0.27 mm) was statistically greater with Provisional stenting.Conclusion. Treatment of bifurcation lesions using the Provisional technique with drug-eluting lateral branch dilatation has shown better results than with conventional balloons.
Application of X-ray endovascular occlusion methods in the treatment of prostate cancer
Authors: Goritsky A. , Zhabinets I. , Ostaltsev I. , Pashkovskaya O. , Vorobyeva T. , Krestyaninov O. , Krasilnikov S.
Published: June 2022

Background. The use of radiotherapy at the treatment of prostate cancer makes it possible to radically cure the neoplasm, but does not reduce infravesical obstruction. With localized prostate cancer, the cause of acute urinary retention is concomitant benign prostatic hyperplasia. X-ray endovascular occlusion of the prostate vessels is based on a decrease in arterial inflow to the prostate gland, which leads to a decrease in its volume and a decrease in the severity of symptoms of obstruction.Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of X-ray endovascular occlusion of the prostate vessels as a combined treatment for prostate cancer in order to reduce infravesical obstruction.Methods. 15 patients with severe lower urinary tract symptoms scheduled for RT for prostate cancer. Average age is 68 years. Inclusion criteria: Qmax <10 ml/sec, prostate volume >50 cm3, residual urine volume >50 ml. In the conditions of the X-ray operating room, a puncture of the common femoral artery was performed, a microcatheter was carried out to the arteries of the prostate gland and their selective embolization with microparticles with a diameter of 250–500 microns.Results. 1 patient underwent unilateral embolization, 1 patient failed to embolize the arteries on both sides, 1 patient underwent embolization after remote radiation therapy due to the development of obstruction. 2 patients with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer without radiotherapy. There were no complications during the treatment and in the postoperative period. All patients noted positive dynamics in assessing the quality of urination. All patients had a decrease in prostate volume and urodynamic parameters (14 to 30 days) after embolization. No significant positive dynamics was achieved in 2 patients.Conclusion. X-ray endovascular occlusion of the prostate vessels is an effective minimally invasive method, can be considered as an independent technique and used to reduce the volume of the prostate in preparation for subsequent radiotherapy. The technique expands the doctor's arsenal when choosing a method for treating prostate cancer, improves the results of treatment, and also has a positive effect on the quality of life.