bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“I Became a Mom Overnight”: How Parental Detentions and Deportations Impact Young Adults’ Role
Authors: VALDIVIA CAROLINA
Published: April 2021

This article examines how the detention or deportation of a parent shapes the roles and responsibilities of young adults within the household and the consequences that these changes have on their educational experiences. Drawing from thirty-two in-depth interviews with young adults living in the United States whose parent was detained, author Carolina Valdivia finds that children’s responsibilities within the family abruptly change as soon as a parent is apprehended, with conditions worsening as the parent undergoes deportation proceedings. More specifically, young adults take on additional and a wider range of responsibilities to help their families cope emotionally and financially, including working additional jobs and spending more time taking care of younger siblings. The article also demonstrates how young adults’ gender, birth order, and level of education at the time of a parent’s immigration arrest shape their participation at home and notes how increased responsibilities affect their educational trajectories.
A Spectral Boundary-Integral Method for Quasi-Dynamic Ruptures of Multiple Parallel Faults
Authors: Barbot Sylvain
Published: April 2021

Numerical models of rupture dynamics provide great insights into the physics of fault failure. However, resolving stress interactions among multiple faults remains challenging numerically. Here, we derive the elastostatic Green’s functions for stress and displacement caused by arbitrary slip distributions along multiple parallel faults. The equations are derived in the Fourier domain, providing an efficient means to calculate stress interactions with the fast Fourier transform. We demonstrate the relevance of the method for a wide range of applications, by simulating the rupture dynamics of single and multiple parallel faults controlled by a rate- and state-dependent frictional contact, using the spectral boundary integral method and the radiation-damping approximation. Within the antiplane strain approximation, we show seismic cycle simulations with a power-law distribution of rupture sizes and, in a different parameter regime, sequences of seismogenic slow-slip events. Using the in-plane strain approximation, we simulate the rupture dynamics of a restraining stepover. Finally, we describe cycles of large earthquakes along several parallel strike-slip faults in three dimensions. The approach is useful to explore the dynamics of interacting or isolated faults with many degrees of freedom.
Development trends of tafoni forms (incipient stages)
Authors: De Uña Álvarez Elena
Published: April 2021

Forms called tafoni, diversified in different stages, are complex natural systems. The systematic register of their measurements is performed in order to infer relative ages and to use the results to reconstruct landscape evolution. The analysis of depth measures of the cavities developed into several tafoni demonstrates, for incipient cases in Galicia (NW of Iberian Peninsula), trends with different evolutionary trajectories. Depth measures were processed with robust statistical techniques. The development of tafoni combines linear and non-linear phases. This behaviour is related to the increase of complexity through self-organisation.
TL estimation of ages of pottery fragments recovered from granite caves in the NW coast of Spain
Authors: Sanjurjo Sánchez Jorge , Vidal Romaní Juan Ramón , Vaqueiro Rodríguez Marcos , Costas Vázquez Reimundo , Grandal d'Anglade Aurora
Published: April 2021

Granite caves and cavities are geomorphological environments associated with underground water flows with a strong turbulent regime linked to seasonality. Though not much studied, they have a great sedimentary and geomorphological interest but sometimes also archaeological because remains of human activity (mainly lithic industry and pottery). Pottery remains appear either exposed or buried and may be characterised mineralogically and dated by thermoluminescence (TL). Water dynamics justifies erosion and fragmentation of ceramic remains which appear broken and spread inside the cavities. This fact hinders their dating due to the small size of the fragments and the disappearance of the original sedimentary context, which does not allow the calculation of part of the received annual radiation dose. In this work, the results from the dating and the estimation of ages of different ceramic fragments of several granite caves of Galicia are presented. The obtained ages go from Medieval (1 ka BP) to Roman or pre-Roman (2 ka BP), Chalcolithic (6 ka BP) and even the beginning of the Neolithic (7 ka BP).
Investigation of 21st-Century Competencies and E-Learning Readiness of Higher Education Students on the Verge of Digital Transformation
Authors: ELÇİÇEK Mithat , ERDEMCİ Hüsamettin
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the 21st-century competencies of higher education students on the verge of digital transformation and their readiness for e-learning and to reveal the relationship between these two variables. Having been carried out by using single and relational screening models, this study was conducted with 2100 students attending higher education and participating in the research voluntarily. E-Learning Readiness Scale consisting of 33 items and 6 factors and 21st-Century Skills Scale consisting of 41 items and 5 factors were used as data collection tools. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U, Games-Howell and Dunnett T3 tests were used for the analysis of data collected online. As a result of the research, it has been concluded that 21st-century competencies of higher education students are at a high level while their level of e-learning readiness is moderate. It has been determined that there are differences in the scores of the scale and its sub-dimensions according to age, gender and internet use status, and there is a statistically significant, positive and weak relationship between 21st-century competencies of students and their level of e-learning readiness.
İlköğretim 6. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Problem Kurma Yaratıcılıkları ve Problem Kurma Öz Yeterlikleri ile Problem Kurma Yaratıcılıkları Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: AYDIN GÜÇ Funda , KESKİN Seda
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ilköğretim 6. Sınıf öğrencilerinin problem kurma yaratıcılıklarının belirlenmesi ve problem kurma yaratıcılıkları ile problem kurma öz yeterlikleri arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya koyulmasıdır. Öğrencilerin problem kurma hakkındaki öz yeterliklerini tespit etmek için Problem Kurma Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği uygulanmış, problem kurma yaratıcılıklarını belirlemek için yapılandırılmamış problem kurma çalışmaları yürütülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda öğrencilerin problem kurmada esnekliklerinin, akıcılıklarının, özgünlüklerinin ve genel problem kurma yaratıcılıklarının oldukça düşük olduğu, problem kurmaya yönelik öz-yeterliklerinin ise yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin problem kurma öz yeterlikleri ile kurdukları problemlerin akıcılıkları arasında ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı görülmüştür.
Fen Eğitiminde Oyun Temelli Öğrenmenin Öğrencilerin Fen Dersine Yönelik Tutuma Etkisi: Bir Meta-Analiz Çalışması
Authors: OKUR Murat , KOCA AKKUŞ Bilge
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2005-2018 yılları arasında Oyun temelli öğrenme yönteminin öğrencilerin fen dersindeki tutumları üzerindeki genel etki büyüklüğünü, programda önerilen öğrenme yöntemine göre meta-analiz yöntemiyle hesaplamaktır. Bu amaçla konu alanında ilgili Türkiyede yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiş ve kriterleri karşılayan fen tutumlarına yönelik 11 araştırma içerisindeki 12 adet veri meta-analize dahil edilmiştir. Veriler, Comperensive Meta Analiz (CMA) programıyla analiz edilmiş ve sonuçlar Thalheimer ve Cook (2002) sınıflamasıyla açıklanmıştır. Etki büyüklüğünün hesaplanmasında ve bulguların yorumlanmasında Hedges'in g katsayısı kullanılmış ve güven düzeyi% 95 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bu çalışmadaki meta analiz sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde oyun temelli öğrenmenin öğrencilerin fen dersine yönelik tutumları üzerindeki etki büyüklüğü 0,540 olarak hesaplanmış ve olumlu yönde “orta düzey” olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Oyun temelli öğrenme, programda öngörülen yönteme göre fen dersine yönelik tutum üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahiptir.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Matematik Öz Yeterlik Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: HACIÖMEROĞLU Güney , ELMALI Özlem
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışma 2022 ortaokul (5.-8. sınıf) öğrencisinin matematik öz yeterlik düzeylerinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlar öğrencilerin matematik öz yeterlik düzeylerinin kişisel deneyimler, dolaylı yaşantılar ve sosyal iknalar kapsamında orta düzeyde, fizyolojik durumlara yönelik ise düşük düzeyde olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Cinsiyet değişkenine göre öğrencilerin matematik öz yeterlik düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı görülmektedir. Sınıf düzeyi değişkenine göre öğrencilerin kişisel deneyimler, dolaylı yaşantılar, sosyal iknalar ve fizyolojik durumlarına ilişkin matematik öz yeterlik düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu ve bu farklılıkların alt sınıfların lehine olduğu belirlenmiştir. Matematik başarı notu ile anne ve baba eğitim durumu değişkenine göre öğrencilerin matematik öz yeterlik düzeyleri arasında anlamlı farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Lise Öğrencilerinin Çevrimiçi Oyun Tercihleri ile Çevrimiçi Oyun Oynama Bozuklarının İncelenmesi
Authors: BAĞCI Hakkı , ALBAYRAK ÖZER Ebru
Published: April 2021

Bu araştırmada, lise öğrencilerinin çevrimiçi oyun tercihlerinin belirlenmesi ve çevrimiçi oyun oynama bozukluklarının farklı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modeline uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını 2019-2020 öğretim yılında Sakarya ilinde bulunan iki farklı özel okulda öğrenim gören 255 lise öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada “İnternet Oyun Oynama Bozukluğu Ölçeği Kısa Formu (İOOBÖ9-KF)” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonunda lise öğrencilerinin çevrimiçi oyun oynama bozukluklarının olmadığı, erkek öğrencilerin kız öğrencilere göre çevrimiçi oyunu oynama bozukluklarının daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Lise öğrencilerinin çevrimiçi oyunu oynama bozukluklarının öğrenim gördükleri sınıf düzeyleri ve evlerinde bilgisayarı olup olmama durumları açısından da anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca çevrimiçi ortamlarda oyun oynayan lise öğrencilerinin en çok Savaş ve FPS türlerini tercih ettikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
İKİNCİ DÜNYA SAVAŞINDA TÜRKİYE-İRAN SINIRI VE TÜRKİYE’YE SIĞINAN İRANLI ASKERLER
Authors: Şehitoğlu Mustafa
Published: April 2021

Türkiye-İran sınırı, İkinci Dünya Savaşı öncesinde yapılan çeşitli anlaşmalar ile nüfus geçişleri ve ticari işbirliğine daha fazla önem veren bir yapıya kavuşturulmuştur. Türkiye’nin İran’dan gelen sığınmacılar için bir program dâhilinde ve devletler hukukuna göre geliştirdiği olumlu tavrı sonucunda oluşan bazı göç hareketleri, İkinci Dünya Savaşına kadar sürmüştür. İran’ın, İkinci Dünya Savaşında tarafsızlığını ilan etmesine rağmen, Sovyet-İngiliz orduları tarafından işgal edilmesi neticesinde, dağılan İran ordusundan bir kısım asker de Türkiye’ye sığınmıştır. Türkiye’nin İran sınırında ortaya koyduğu dostça yaklaşıma teşekkür eden İranlı askerler, bir müddet Türkiye’de misafir olarak kalmışlardır. Bu çalışma, İkinci Dünya Savaşı öncesi ve savaş sırasında, Türkiye’nin, İran sınırında geliştirdiği güvenlik ve işbirliği tedbirlerini anlatan birkaç belge ışığında ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca Türkiye’ye sığınan İranlı askerler ile Türkiye’nin İran sınırı hakkında bilgi veren arşiv belgelerinde mevcut bir teşekkür mektubu incelenmiştir.
BÜYÜKŞEHİRLERİN ÇOK YILLI GİDER BÜTÇELERİNİN GRİ TAHMİN MODELİ İLE ANALİZİ: İSTANBUL BÜYÜKŞEHİR BELEDİYESİ ÖRNEĞİNDE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: Akçakaya Onur
Published: April 2021

Yerel yönetimlerin gelir ve giderlerinin öngörülebilir olmaması, stratejik planlama sürecini sekteye uğrattığı gibi mali özerkliği de olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu bağlamda, yerel yönetimlerde gider bütçesinin nasıl öngörülebilir kılınabileceği önemli bir sorunsaldır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Gri Tahmin Yöntemi’nin büyükşehir belediyelerinin gider bütçelerinin tahmininde kullanılmaya ne denli elverişli olabileceğinin incelenmesidir. Bu çerçevede, İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi’nin (İBB) gider bütçesi, 2021-2024 dönemi için analiz edilmektedir. Çalışmada iki aşamalı bir yol izlenmiştir. Öncelikle İBB’nin 2018-2020 yılları arasındaki verilerine Gri Tahmin Yöntemi’nin uygulanmasıyla sonuçların tutarlı olup olmadığı test edilmiştir. Bu aşamada sapma oranı, yöntemin geçerli ve güvenilir olduğunu gösterecek şekilde %1.88 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Nitekim İBB’nin hali hazırda yaptığı tahminler ile gerçekleşen rakamlar arasındaki sapma oranının %12 gibi nispeten yüksek bir seviyede olduğu göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, çalışmanın sapma oranı makul seviyededir. Bu tespit, göz önünde bulundurularak ikinci aşamaya geçilmiş ve yöntem tekrar uygulanarak kuruluşun 2021-2024 yılları arasındaki döneme ilişkin gider-bütçesi tahminlemesi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, İBB gider bütçesi toplamı, 2021 yılı için 29.492.566.776 TL, 2022 yılı için 33.321.097.278 TL, 2023 yılı için 37.646.622.359 TL ve 2024 için 42.533.658.577 TL olarak tahmin edilmiştir.
The relationship between male factor infertility and Chlamydia infection, still an undecided issue
Authors: Ishrat Shakeela , Hossain Marufa , Jahan Shirin , Nazneen Sohely , Chowdhury Fahmida , Karim Satu Farhana
Published: April 2021

Background: Seropositivity of Chlamydia trachomatis in men is suggestive of chronic and recurrent infection with this sexually transmitted organism. Most males with urogenital Chlamydia infection have serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to C. trachomatis that persist for years. Serologic studies linking C. trachomatis to male infertility and sperm quality lead to highly variable results. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of Chlamydia infection, as determined by Chlamydia seropositivity on semen quality.Methods: One hundred men having semen analysis as part of infertility work up had anti-Chlamydia antibody test. They were grouped into those who are seropositive for Chlamydia antibody IgG and those who were not. The sperm parameters and prevalence of different semen abnormalities were compared between the two groups, Chlamydia positive and Chlamydia negative.Results: There are no significant difference in semen parameters and prevalence of different semen abnormalities between the two groups. The sonographical finding of epididymal cyst is 45.8% in Chlamydia positive compared to 12.2% in Chlamydia negative; the difference is significant.Conclusions: Seropositivity of Chlamydia infection in infertile male is not predictive of semen abnormalities. Serological screening of the male partner for Chlamydia trachomatis provides no more benefit than identifying the female partner at risk of tubal factor infertility and males at risk of epididymal obstruction.
The hereditary pattern of gummy smile- A cross sectional study
Authors: Jayaram Priyanka , R Vaisakh , Thomson P Sonu , M P Sajna , V Varsha
Published: April 2021

When there is an exposure of gingival tissue of more than 2 mm while smiling is said to be gummy smile. There are various etiological factors that cause a gummy smile and there could be a relationship with heredity as an etiology for gummy smile.

To evaluate the relationship between gummy smile and heredity.

A sample of 100 patients of age between 10 to 25 years were selected based on the presence of a gummy smile of more than 2mm and the gummy smile was measured. Frontal photographs of patients with gummy smile of more than 2 mm were taken. Similarly, both the parents were also photographed. A detailed history of gummy smile running in the family for last two generations was recorded. The patients were then divided into two groups, namely, Group A (patients with gummy smile having a familial background) and Group B (patients with gummy smile not having a familial background).

From the study 48% of the patients had gummy smile with a familial etiology and 52% of the patients had gummy smile without familial etiology which indicates heredity is not a significant etiological factor for gummy smile.

Eventhough a small percentage of patients did show a familial tendency of gummy smile, the majority of 52% of the subjects with gummy smile had no hereditary etiology, suggesting that the gummy smile did not exhibit hereditary pattern.
Biodentine: Material of choice for apexification
Authors: Aeran Himanshu , Sharma Mahema , Tuli Avantika
Published: April 2021

Pulp necrosis with incomplete root formation in permanent teeth leads to open apex of the particular tooth which leads to the formation of the periapical pathology. The management of such cases poses a great endodontic challenge. Apexification is the process of induction of calcific barrier across the open apex or the continued apical development in an immature tooth with infected necrotic pulp. The aim of this case report is to share a successful apexification of maxillary central incisors with by using Biodentine without complications.

Biodentine is a material of choice for single visit apexification.
The role of supine and prone positions on central nervous system involvement in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Hashemi Azam
Published: April 2021

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) affects both children and adults, with a peak incidence between the ages of 2 and 5 years. ALL cells sometimes penetrate the central nervous system (CNS) and patients with CNS diseases at initial presentation have been reported to experience a significantly greater risk of treatment failure compared with CNS negative patients. This study hypothesized that the prone position may reduce the CNS involvement compared with the supine position, therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of supine and prone positions on CNS involvement in ALL patients.
Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 38 patients with ALL admitted in Shahid saddughi Hospital from 2006 to 2016. In this study, 14 patients received prophylaxis intrathecal chemotherapy with post-injection supine position (control group) and 22 patients received prophylaxis intrathecal chemotherapy with post-injection prone position (intervention group) White blood cell (WBC) count (CNS involvement) was evaluated in two groups.
Results: Among 22 patients in the intervention group, 16 (72.7%) were males, and 6 (27.3%) were females and of the 14 patients in the control group, 8 (57.1%) were males and 6 (42.9%) were females. The difference in the mean WBCs in the cerebrospinal fluid between the two groups was as follows: the mean WBCs in the control group was 8.7143 and the mean WBCs in the intervention group was 4.9524. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P-value =0.039). However, no significant difference was seen between the two groups in terms of sex, age, and duration of disease (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The incidence of CNS involvement was significantly decreased when patients were placed in the post-puncture prone position for 3 hours.
A cytology negative rare tumor with the presentation of pseudotumor cerebri clinical symptoms: diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor
Authors: Yüksel Merve Feyza , Bektaş Ömer , Fitöz Ömer Suat , Göktaş Özben Akıncı , Şahin Süleyman , Teber Serap
Published: April 2021

Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor is characterized by hydrocephalus, leptomeningeal involvement in the absence of a primary parenchymal mass, and negative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology. It is an extremely rare and difficult tumor to diagnose as no mass can be biopsied and it mimics infectious, rheumatologic, and inflammatory pathologies. An 11-year-old girl presented with complaints of headache, vomiting, and double vision. On examination, there was papilledema. Initial MRI scanning did not yield any significant findings. Clinical progression was observed in four months in the follow-ups. The symptoms included seizures, gait disturbances, and severely increased intracranial pressure. The screening of the patient for infectious, rheumatologic, endocrinologic, and inflammatory pathologies was normal. CSF pressure was elevated without any malignancy. Repeated cranial MRI revealed hydrocephalus and pituitary expansion. Leptomeningeal thickening and contrast enhancement were observed in spinal MRI. After a negative dural biopsy, the patient was diagnosed with a spinal leptomeningeal biopsy. The authors believed that the prevalence of this rare pediatric tumor, diagnosed with a leptomeningeal biopsy, is underestimated as it has an insidious course and signs of increased intracranial pressure in the absence of a definite solid mass.
Post- hysterectomy Transient Hydronephrosis: A Prospective Study
Authors: Mansour Ghanaie Mandana , Asgari Seyed Alaedin , Haghbin Azar , Mehdizade Fahime , Asgari Ghalebin Seyed Mohammad
Published: April 2021

Objective: To determine the incidence and importance of transient asymptomatic hydronephrosis following total hysterectomy.
Materials and methods: In a prospective study over 4 year, 368 women were studied who had undergone a total abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy. Totally, 95% of operations were done for benign diseases (abnormal uterine bleeding, chronic pelvic pain, uterine prolapse, etc.) and 5% were performed for uterine malignancy. Renal ultrasonography was performed before and 3, 7 and 28 days after the surgery for diagnosing hydronephrosis. Intravenous urography was performed in patients with either persistent/progressive or symptomatic hydronephrosis.
Results: There was no intraoperative identifiable ureteral injury. Hydronephrosis was seen in 35 (9.5%), 21 (5.7%), and 1 (0.27%) patients at days 3, 7 and 28 after the operation, respectively. The degree of hydronephrosis was graded I, II or III. Considering the frequency and severity of hydronephrosis, the right kidney was affected more. Hydronephrosis correlated significantly with indication, duration and route of surgery as well as patient's age. All kidneys improved spontaneously, except one case which needed ureteral stenting with no surgical intervention (p=0.05).
Conclusion: Transient hydronephrosis could occur after simple total hysterectomy despite the absence of any obvious intraoperative ureteral injury. It is noted in 9.5% of the patients within three days after the non-complicated surgery. The clinical course may be continued until one month.
A Shift Toward Childbearing In One-Child Families Through a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Malekpoorafshar Mojgan , Salehinejad Parvin , Pouya Fatemeh , Khezri Moghadam Noshiravan , Shahesmaeili Armita
Published: April 2021

Objective: Fertility patterns are a key to the estimation of future population size, but they are restricted by serious indecision. One-child families are one of these patterns that is caused by a set of factors and one of these factors is the fear of re-pregnancy. In this regard, this study aimed to use a mindfulnessbased stress reduction (MBSR) program to reduce the fear of women who have been experiencing anxiety after their first pregnancy and delivery.
Materials and methods: This interventional study was conducted on 67 one-child women, who at least 6 years have been passed since the birth of their child and according to the short form of the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ-17), have been experienced anxiety. These women were randomly divided into control and intervention groups. For the intervention group, the MBSR program was conducted in 8 sessions, once every week, each session lasting 2.5 hours. At the end of the program, a second PRAQ-17 was completed by both groups.
Results: The findings showed that the MBSR approach in the intervention group significantly decreased the anxiety score in total (p=0.001) and individually in all subcategories.
Conclusion: The MBSR approach can reduce the anxiety of one-child women who have experienced anxiety after their pregnancy and childbirth. Thus, using this method in helping women with pregnancyrelated anxiety is recommended to increase the birth rate.
Maternal Sleep and Related Pregnancy Outcomes: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study in 11 Provinces of Iran
Authors: Hajipour Mahmoud , Soltani Maryam , Safari-Faramani Roya , Khazaei Salman , Etemad Koorosh , Rahmani Sharmin , Valadbeigi Tannaz , Yaghoobi Halime , Rezaeian Shahab
Published: April 2021

Objective: Sleep disturbance during pregnancy is one of the most common maternal complaints. Not only does it play a crucial role in a mother’s life, but also it comes with a multitude number of complications. This study aimed at assessing the association between sleep disturbance in pregnancy and maternal and child outcomes.
Materials and methods: This was a multicenter cross-sectional study, conducted on pregnant women across 11 provinces in Iran in 2018. Sleep disturbance as a composite variable was defined using the principal component analysis based on five questions. Abortion, anemia in the first and third trimester, gestational diabetes, gestational age, glucose tolerance test (GTT), fasting blood sugar (FBS), mode of delivery, low birth weight and stillbirth were defined as study outcomes.
Results: Totally, 3675 pregnant women enrolled in the study. Most of the participants (84.5%) reported that their sleep duration is less than 8 hours per day. The prevalence of sleep disturbance was 20.7% (95% CI: 19.1, 22.3). After adjusting for maternal age, education, job, place of residency and physical violence, sleep disturbance would increase the odds of abortion (p=0.009), anemia in both first (p=0.001) and third (p=0.003) trimester, gestational age (p=0.049), abnormal FBS (p=0.015) and cesarean section (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Regarding the effect of sleep quality on maternal outcomes, planning and implementing a suitable intervention in the context of primary health care is necessary. Increasing the awareness of mothers, health workers and medical personnel about the suitable quality and quantity of sleep during pregnancy is of great importance.
Insights into the Vaginismus Treatment by Cognitive Behavioral Therapies: Correlation with Sexual Dysfunction Identified in Male Spouses of the Patients
Authors: Eserdag Süleyman , Kurban Didem , Yakut Emrah , Chandra Mishra Prabhu
Published: April 2021

Objective: To examine retrospectively sexual dysfunction in the male spouses of 425 female patients who had presented to our clinic and were diagnosed with primary vaginismus.
Materials and methods: Seven questions related to age, profession, educational status, number of marriages, personality structure, sexual experience, and sexual dysfunction history were directed to the spouses of the 425 female patients presenting to our clinic for vaginismus treatment between 2015 and 2018. Men reporting sexual dysfunction were evaluated by a urologist, and the necessary treatment was initiated. Cognitive-behavioral couple therapy was started for all patients.
Results: Of the 425 men, 73.9% stated that they did not have any sexual problems. Of the 111 men (26.1%) stated that they had one or more sexual problems, 77 (18.1%) were diagnosed with premature ejaculation, 25 (5.8%) erectile dysfunction, 36 (8.4%) hypoactive sexual desire, and one (0.2%) had delayed ejaculation. Premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction were identified in nine patients, premature ejaculation and hypoactive sexual desire in seven, and erectile dysfunction and hypoactive sexual desire in four patients. There was an increased rate of sexual dysfunction in men in cases where the duration of marriage without coitus was longer than three years.
Conclusion: In the treatment of vaginismus, male sexual dysfunction should not be ignored. Spouses should be questioned for sexual dysfunction and included in the treatment process.
Investigation of Nano-Biocomposite for Kashar Cheese and Ground Meat Packaging
Authors: Shojaei Mahsa , Eshaghi Mohammadreza , Nateghi Leila
Published: April 2021

Background: Plastic and polymeric materials remain in the soil given the fact that they are derived from petroleum resources. However, such pollution has created a special challenge for human societies. The use of biodegradable packaging has received more attention. The general purpose of this study was to investigate the use of a mixture film of whey protein concentrate and reinforced hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with chitosan nanoparticles to package ground meat and Kashar cheese. Furthermore, this package was compared with ordinary polyethylene coating.
Methods: Two samples of ground meat and Kashar cheese were packaged using a nano-biocomposite film of whey protein concentrate/ hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (70:30) containing 3% chitosan nanoparticles. The antimicrobial properties of the optimal produced film were examined. The total population of microorganisms and pH for ground meat were tested during 6 days of storage. The total population of microorganisms, weight loss, moisture content, pH, and mold count and yeast for Kashar cheese were examined during 2 months of storage. The results of the tests were analyzed by Duncan one-way analysis of variance with 95% confidence and 5% error by Minitab16 software.
Results: Samples of ground meat and cheese packaged in whey protein film and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose containing chitosan nanoparticles had less mold count, yeast, and total microorganism population than polyethylene packaging (P ≤ 0.05) after storage period.
Conclusion: The use of biodegradable films based on plants and the loading of nanoparticles can lead to the use of this type of packaging for perishable food to prevent environmental hazards in addition to greater safety of perishable food products.
Evaluation of Patients' Satisfaction with Food and Nutrition Service in Selected Hospitals Affiliated to Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in 2016-2017
Authors: Vafaeenasab Mohamadreza , Motealehi Ahmadreza , Bahariniya Sajjad , Raadabadi Mehdi , Safari Masoud
Published: April 2021

Background: Food and nutrition services in hospitals are one of the factors effecting patients’ satisfaction. Appropriate management and supervision in the nutrition sector is an essential factor in reducing the costs and gaining patient satisfaction. The optimal performance of the nutrition sector accelerates improvement and can be useful in their satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients’ satisfaction with food and nutrition services in 2016-2017, Yazd, Iran.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population included patients referring to the selected hospitals affiliated to Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. This questionnaire had 19 questions that should be answered on a 5-point Likert scale (strongly agree, agree, no idea, disagree, and strongly disagree).  At the end of this questionnaire, a question was presented about the individual’s overall satisfaction with nutrition.
Results: The average of patients’ satisfaction with food services was 4.40 ± 0.90. The lowest satisfaction rate was related to the inappropriate quality of dinner with an average of 4.02 ± 1.50. The highest level of satisfaction was related to the hygiene of food with an average of 4.69 ± 0.55.
Conclusion: Hospital managers are required to take measures to increase the awareness of nutrition service personnel regarding the health and quality of food, their active presence by patients’ beds, give patients the right to choose, and take the necessary supervision to increase the variety of meals.
Method for Forecasting Aircraft Icing Zones Based on Radiometric Measurements of Atmospheric Parameters
Authors: Zuev Vladimir V. , Pavlinsky Alexey V. , Mordus Daria P. , Nechepurenko Olga E. , Ilin Gennadii N. , Bykov Vladimir Yu.
Published: April 2021

Icing is a potentially hazardous weather events for aviation. Aircraft icing, as a rule, occurs as a result of the formation of ice on its surface at negative temperatures and high air humidity. Automated nowcasting system “Neva” implements a method for predicting aircraft icing zones based on radiometric measurements of atmospheric parameters. The results of nowcasting of icing zones in the area of the St. Petersburg airfield (Pulkovo) at heights up to 1 kilometer on the basis of remote measurements are presented. The accuracy of forecasting was verified using information on the actual icing cases according to the data of the aerodrome weather service, as well as the data of radio sounding at the Voeikovo aerological station. The high accuracy of forecasts and the icing warning rate are shown, as well as good agreement of the nowcating results with the Godske method generally used in operational practice. Evaluation of the quality of nowcasting shows to the prospects of using the automated system “Neva” for predicting aircraft icing zones on the base of radiometric measurements of atmospheric parameters. The forecasts obtained for the period from October 2018 to March 2020 in the Pulkovo airfield area feature high accuracy and warning rate, and the results largely coincide with the generally used method for forecasting aircraft icing zones (Godske method).
Slovenska podjetja in značilnosti poslovnega prestrukturiranja: Slovenski podjetniški observatorij 2020
Authors: Rebernik Miroslav , Bradač Hojnik Barbara , Močnik Dijana , Bradač Hojnik Barbara , Crnogaj Katja , Širec Karin
Published: April 2021

V prvem delu raziskave smo se posvetili temeljni poslovni demografiji slovenskih podjetij in jo primerjali z evropsko. Namen tega dela je, da dobimo temeljno sliko o slovenskih podjetjih in razumemo, kako je slovensko podjetništvo umeščeno v evropsko. Analizirali smo ključne značilnosti slovenskih gospodarskih družb in samostojnih podjetnikov, ki so se leta 2019 ukvarjali s podjetniškimi aktivnostmi in so bili razvrščeni v vse dejavnosti SKD. V Sloveniji moramo spodbujati ustanavljanje novih podjetij s potencialom rasti in rast obstoječih podjetij. Pomembno pa je tudi razumeti, da morajo biti tudi obstoječa podjetja nenehno na preži za novimi poslovnimi priložnostmi in se permanentno prilagajati spremenjenim pogojem poslovanja, kar je druga tema letošnjega podjetniškega observatorija, kjer razpravljamo o prestrukturiranju podjetij. Da bi dobili čim boljši vpogled v procese poslovnega prestrukturiranja v Sloveniji, smo izvedli tudi primarno raziskavo med malimi in srednje velikimi podjetji ter eksperti podpornega okolja za podjetništvo.
Agricultural Commercialisation and the Political Economy of Cocoa and Rice Value Chains in Nigeria
Authors: Remi Aiyede Emmanuel
Published: April 2021

Nigeria has sought to diversify its economy away from dependence on oil as a major source of government revenue through agricultural commercialisation. Agriculture has been a priority sector because it has very high growth potential and the greatest potential for employment and export revenue. The cocoa and rice value chains are central to the government’s engagement with agriculture to achieve these objectives. This paper sets out to investigate the underlying political economy dynamics of the commercialisation of the cocoa and rice value chains in Nigeria in terms of smallholder farm households’ shift from semi-subsistence agriculture to production primarily for market, and predominantly commercial medium- and large-scale farm enterprises complementing or replacing smallholder farm households.
STUDI HASILBUDIDAYA SECARA EKSITU BEBERAPA JENIS TUMBUHAN OBAT SEBAGAI PERTIMBANGAN KONSEP PENGEMBANGAN AGROFORESTRI BERBASIS TUMBUHAN OBAT
Authors: Hamidah Siti , Arifin Yudi Firmanul , Fitriani Adistina
Published: April 2021

. Herbal medicines are very potential, because Indonesia is known as the second largest megabiodiversity after Brazil, especially since the current world medical trend applies the concept of "back to nature". Plants are a source of biological chemicals, so biodiversity is considered as a chemical industry or factory producing throughout the year. Research of local wisdom for ulilizing medical plants in South Kalimantan has been done. The results showed that there are many kinds of medicinal plants originating from the forest, but their exploitation has not been accompanied by cultivation. This is very unfortunate considering that there has not been a serious effort in cultivation, it is feared that it will make medicinal plants increasingly difficult to obtain, especially based on research results of 80% of medicinal plants that are utilized are the stem and roots.It is necessary to conduct research on the results of cultivation of medicinal plants outside their habitat. The study was conducted on 6 (six) kind of medicinal plants which are widely used by the “batra” in South Kalimantan, but availability in nature has begun to be difficult to find. Cultivation is done outside the habitat (exitu) by cuttings and saplings, and after 4 (four) months the growth response is observed. The results showed that kayu sisil laki (Litsea sp) and manggarsih (Parameria laevigata (Juss) Moldenke) are the most potential to be developed in critical lands (marginal), can live in open land, including in lands where agroforestry cultivation develops because it has the best growth response.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Skill of Family to Treat Elderly with Diabetes Mellitus at Home through the Empowerment of Elderly Cadre in Lampung
Authors: Achjar Komang , Agustanti Dwi , Parasitha Sri , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: April 2021

Diabetes is a chronic disease that often causes progressive complications in the elderly. Along with the decline in cognitive function in the elderly, it causes dependence on disciplined management of diabetes mellitus. This dependence causes a very important mentoring role to be given. The purpose of this study is to provide knowledge, attitudes, and family skills to care for the elderly with diabetes mellitus at home through the empowerment of elderly cadres in Lampung. This research method is a quasi-experimental research with a control group design with a total of 64 elderly respondents and 64 families selected by simple random sampling technique. The assessment used an instrument for assessing family abilities that the researcher developed included aspects of knowledge, attitudes, and skills. The results of the dependent t-test analysis showed a significant increase in the knowledge and skills variable in the intervention group (0.000) but decreased in the attitude variable with p 0.198. Meanwhile, the increase in value also occurred in the attitude and skill variables in the control group. So that the results of the independent t-test only showed a significant difference in the attitude score (0.000) with the highest score in the control group. So that there is no significant increase in the ability of the family after the implementation of elderly cadres empowerment.
Microbiome-Inspired Green Infrastructure (MIGI): A Bioscience Roadmap for Urban Ecosystem Health
Authors: Robinson Jake , Watkins Harry , Man Ioana , Liddicoat Craig , Cameron Ross , Parker Brenda , Cruz Marcos , Meagher Laura
Published: April 2021

Background: Microbiome-Inspired Green Infrastructure (MIGI) was recently proposed as an integrative system to promote healthy urban ecosystems, through multidisciplinary design. Specifically, MIGI is defined as nature-centric infrastructure restored and/or designed and managed to enhance health-promoting interactions between humans and environmental microbiomes, whilst sustaining microbially-mediated ecosystem functionality and resilience. MIGI also aims to stimulate a research agenda that focuses on considerations for the importance of urban environmental microbiomes. Objectives: In this paper we provide details of what MIGI entails from a bioscience and biodesign perspective, highlighting the potential dual benefits for human and ecosystem health. We present ‘what is known’ about the relationship between urban microbiomes, green infrastructure and environmental factors that may affect urban ecosystem health (ecosystem functionality and resilience as well as human health). We discuss how to start operationalising the MIGI concept based on current available knowledge, and present a horizon scan of emerging and future considerations in research and practice. We conclude by highlighting challenges to the implementation of MIGI and propose a series of workshops to discuss multi-stakeholder needs and opportunities. Discussion: This article will enable urban landscape managers to incorporate initial considerations for the microbiome in their development projects to promote human and ecosystem health. However, overcoming the challenges to operationalising MIGI will be essential to furthering its practical development. Although the research is in its infancy, there is considerable potential for MIGI to help deliver sustainable urban development driven by considerations for reciprocal relations between humans and the foundations of our ecosystems –– the microorganisms.
Protamine – A Review on an Oligonucleotide-Binding Peptide Applied in Nanopharmaceuticals including Vaccines
Authors: Ruseska Ivana , Fresacher Katja Alexandra , Petschacher Christina , Zimmer Andreas
Published: April 2021

In our modern days, macromolecular biomolecules are dethroning classical small molecule therapeutics because of improved targeting and delivery properties. Protamine – a small polycationic peptide represents such a promising candidate. In nature, it binds and protects DNA against degradation during spermatogenesis due to electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged DNA-Phosphate backbone and the positively charged protamine. Researchers are mimicking this technique in order to develop innovative nanopharmaceutical drug delivery systems, incorporating protamine as carrier for biologically active components such as DNA or RNA. The first key part of this review highlights ongoing investigation in the field of protamine-associated nanotechnology, discussing the self-assembling manufacturing process and nanoparticle engineering. Immune-modulating properties of protamine are referred which lead to the second key part protamine in novel vaccine technologies. Protamine-based RNA delivery systems in vaccines (some of them belong to the new class of mRNA-vaccines) against infectious disease and their use in cancer treatment are reviewed and an update on the current state of latest developments with protamine as pharmaceutical excipient for vaccines is given.
Türkiye’de Eğitim Sisteminde Okullaşmanın Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: DİNERİ Eda , GÖLPEK Filiz
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ilköğretim, orta öğretim ve yükseköğretim düzeyinde kayıt oranlarının ve fiziki sabit sermayenin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini 1980-2016 dönemi için incelemektir.

Tasarım/Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, önce geleneksel birim kök testleri ve yapısal kırılmaya izin veren birim kök testi yapılmış, sonra değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli ilişkinin olup olmadığı Maki eş bütünleşme testi ile incelenmiştir.

Bulgular: Bu incelemede, birden fazla yapısal kırılmaya izin veren Maki eş bütünleşme testinde değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli ilişkinin olduğu; FMOLS eş bütünleşme katsayı tahminci sonuçlarında yükseköğretim kayıt oranlarının ve sabit fiziki sermayenin ekonomik büyüme üzerinde etkisinin istatiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif yönde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Toda - Yamamoto nedensellik testi sonucunda da, orta öğretim ve yükseköğretim kayıt oranlarından ekonomik büyümeye ve fiziki sermayeye tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.

Sınırlılıklar: Çalışmada beşeri sermaye unsurlarından sadece eğitim boyutu incelenmesi araştırmanının sınırlılıklarıdır.

Özgünlük/Değer: Eğitim düzeylerine göre okullaşma oranlarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi açısından literatüre katkı sağlayabilecek sonuçlara ulaşması araştırmanın özgün değerini oluşturmaktadır.
Minimally Invasive Necrotic Bone Washing Improves Bone Healing After Femoral Head Ischemic Osteonecrosis
Authors: Kim Harry K.W. , Park Min Sung , Alves do Monte Felipe , Gokani Vishal , Aruwajoye Olumide O. , Ren Yinshi
Published: April 2021

Background:

Ischemic osteonecrosis of the femoral head produces necrotic cell debris and inflammatory molecules in the marrow space, which elicit a chronic inflammatory repair response. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of flushing out the necrotic cell debris and inflammatory proteins on bone repair in a piglet model of ischemic osteonecrosis.

Methods:

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head of the right hindlimb was induced in 12 piglets by tying a ligature tightly around the femoral neck. One week after the surgery, 6 animals were treated with a percutaneous 3-needle bone washing procedure and non-weight-bearing (NWB) of the right hindlimb (wash group). The total saline solution wash volume was 450 mL per femoral head. Serial wash solutions were collected and analyzed. The remaining 6 animals were treated with NWB only (NWB group). At 8 weeks after the surgery, the femoral heads were assessed using radiography, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and histological analysis. In addition, we compared the results for these piglets with our published results for 6 piglets treated with multiple epiphyseal drilling (MED) plus NWB without bone washing (MED group).

Results:

Necrotic cells and inflammatory proteins were present in the bone wash solution collected 1 week after ischemia induction. The protein and triglyceride concentrations decreased significantly with subsequent washing (p < 0.005). At 8 weeks after ischemia induction, the wash group had a significantly higher bone volume than the MED or NWB group (p < 0.0001). Histological bone-formation measures were also significantly increased in the wash group compared with the MED group (p = 0.002) or NWB group (p < 0.0001) while macrophage numbers were significantly decreased in the wash group.

Conclusions:

The percutaneous 3-needle procedure flushed out cell debris and inflammatory proteins from the necrotic femoral heads, decreased osteoclasts and macrophages, and increased bone formation following induction of ischemic osteonecrosis.

Clinical Relevance:

We believe that this is the first study to investigate the concept of washing out the necrotic femoral head to improve bone healing. The minimally invasive procedure may be useful to improve the necrotic bone environment and bone repair following ischemic osteonecrosis.
Alternative Use of the Ilizarov Apparatus Set in Case of Complications During Intramedullary Nail Removal
Authors: Malagoli Emiliano , Kirienko Alexander , Berlusconi Marco Luigi Maria , Peschiera Valeria , Lucchesi Giovanni
Published: April 2021

Case:

We present 2 case reports: the first, a diaphyseal fracture of the humerus treated with a Marchetti nail resulting in a nonunion in 2017. The second, a fracture of the femur treated with a Kuntscher nail in 1989. A gunshot injury to that femur in 2014 evolved in nonunion and displacement. In both cases, the old nails were removed by using pieces of the Ilizarov apparatus.

Conclusions:

In case of complications, the versatility of the Ilizarov apparatus allows us to connect the intramedullary element to the universal extraction system; it proves itself to be an excellent cost-effective extraction system.
Difficult Management of a Femur Fracture in a Patient with Dyskeratosis Congenita
Authors: Hoellwarth Jason Shih , Edmonds Eric W.
Published: April 2021

Case:

A 14-year-old boy with dyskeratosis congenita (DKC), status-post unrelated bone marrow transplant (BMT), sustained a femoral shaft fracture. Despite immediate fixation with the widest possible titanium elastic nails, fixation construct rigidity was insufficient and malunion occurred with refracture 5 years later. Revision fixation with rigid intramedullary nailing has maintained position for 1 year, although callus formation remains meager.

Conclusion:

This is the first article to detail fracture care for a DKC patient. Although BMT increases lifespan, patients seemingly remain skeletally frail. Rigid intramedullary fixation is optimally durable and appears hematopoietically safe. Long-term follow-up is recommended.