bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AquaYOLO: Advanced YOLO-based fish detection for optimized aquaculture pond monitoring
Authors: Vijayalakshmi M. , Sasithradevi A.
Published: February 2025

Aquaculture plays an important role in ensuring global food security, supporting economic growth, and protecting natural resources. However, traditional methods of monitoring aquatic environments are time-consuming and labor-intensive. To address this, there is growing interest in using computer vision for more efficient aqua monitoring. Fish detection is a key challenging step in these vision-based systems, as it faces challenges such as changing light conditions, varying water clarity, different types of vegetation, and dynamic backgrounds. To overcome these challenges, we introduce a new model called AquaYOLO, an optimized model specifically designed for aquaculture applications. The backbone of AquaYOLO employs CSP layers and enhanced convolutional operations to extract hierarchical features. The head enhances feature representation through upsampling, concatenation, and multi-scale fusion. The detection head uses a precise 40 × 40 scale for box regression and dropping the final C2f layer to ensure accurate localization. To test the AquaYOLO model, we utilize DePondFi dataset (Detection of Pond Fish) collected from aquaponds in South India. DePondFi dataset contains around 50k bounding box annotations across 8150 images. Proposed AquaYOLO model performs well, achieving a precision, recall and mAP@50 of 0.889, 0.848, and 0.909 respectively. Our model ensures efficient and affordable fish detection for small-scale aquaculture.
Analyzing patient perspectives with large language models: a cross-sectional study of sentiment and thematic classification on exception from informed consent
Authors: Kornblith Aaron E. , Singh Chandan , Innes Johanna C. , Chang Todd P. , Adelgais Kathleen M. , Holsti Maija , Kim Joy , McClain Bradford , Nishijima Daniel K. , Rodgers Steffanie , Shah Manish I. , Simon Harold K. , VanBuren John M. , Ward Caleb E. , Counts Catherine R.
Published: February 2025

Large language models (LLMs) can improve text analysis efficiency in healthcare. This study explores the application of LLMs to analyze patient perspectives within the exception from informed consent (EFIC) process, which waives consent in emergency research. Our objective is to assess whether LLMs can analyze patient perspectives in EFIC interviews with performance comparable to human reviewers. We analyzed 102 EFIC community interviews from 9 sites, each with 46 questions, as part of the Pediatric Dose Optimization for Seizures in Emergency Medical Services study. We evaluated 5 LLMs, including GPT-4, to assess sentiment polarity on a 5-point scale and classify responses into predefined thematic classes. Three human reviewers conducted parallel analyses, with agreement measured by Cohen’s Kappa and classification accuracy. Polarity scores between LLM and human reviewers showed substantial agreement (Cohen’s kappa: 0.69, 95% CI 0.61–0.76), with major discrepancies in only 4.7% of responses. LLM achieved high thematic classification accuracy (0.868, 95% CI 0.853–0.881), comparable to inter-rater agreement among human reviewers (0.867, 95% CI 0.836–0.901). LLMs enabled large-scale visual analysis, comparing response statistics across sites, questions, and classes. LLMs efficiently analyzed patient perspectives in EFIC interviews, showing substantial sentiment assessment and thematic classification performance. However, occasional underperformance suggests LLMs should complement, not replace, human judgment. Future work should evaluate LLM integration in EFIC to enhance efficiency, reduce subjectivity, and support accurate patient perspective analysis.
Modeling the non-integer dynamics of a vector-borne infection with nonlocal and nonsingular kernel
Authors: Ullah Nekmat , Shah Zahir , Jan Rashid , Vrinceanu Narcisa , Farhan Muhammad , Antonescu Elisabeta
Published: February 2025

Vector-borne infections impose a significant burden on global health systems and economies due to their widespread impact and the substantial resources required for prevention, control, and treatment efforts. In this work, we formulate a mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of a vector-borne infection with the effect of vaccination through the Atangana-Baleanu derivative. The solutions of the model are positive and bounded for positive initial values of the state variable. We presented the basic concept and theory of fractional calculus for the analysis of the model. We determine the threshold parameter, denoted by
$$\mathcal {R}_0$$
, using the next-generation matrix method. The local asymptotic stability of the system at the disease-free equilibrium is analyzed. To establish the existence of solutions for the proposed model, we employ fixed-point theory. A numerical scheme is developed to visualize the system’s dynamical behavior under varying input parameters. Numerical simulations are conducted to illustrate how these parameters influence the dynamics of the system. The results highlight key factors affecting the transmission and control of vector-borne diseases, offering insights into strategies for prevention and mitigation.
Gender-differences in imaging phenotypes of osteoarthritis in the osteoarthritis initiative
Authors: Kreutzinger Virginie , Ziegeler Katharina , Joseph Gabby B. , Lynch John A. , Lane Nancy E. , McCulloch Charles E. , Nevitt Michael , Link Thomas M.
Published: February 2025

In osteoarthritis (OA) research it is increasingly recognized that stratification according to disease phenotypes is essential for optimizing treatment regimens. Gender-specific differences in clinical OA manifestations have been identified, and this analysis aimed to assess whether these differences extend to imaging phenotypes.

From the Osteoarthritis Initiative database 2523 participants (1409 women and 1114 men) with completed 3T MRI and whole-organ magnetic resonance imaging scores (WORMS) of the right knee at baseline were included. Imaging phenotypes were assigned based on modified Rapid OsteoArthritis MRI Eligibility Score: the inflammatory, meniscus-cartilage, and bone phenotype. Logistic regression was performed to investigate the effect of gender on phenotype, independent of BMI, race, Kellgren & Lawrence (KL) grade and level of physical activity. Female gender was independently associated with lower odds for the meniscus-cartilage (OR 0.61, 95%CI 0.47–0.80, p < 0.001) but not for the inflammatory (OR 1.04, 95%CI 0.89–1.24, p = 0.697) or the subchondral bone phenotype (OR 1.13, 95%CI 0.95–1.36, p = 0.166). This difference highlights an opportunity for future refinements to better accommodate gender/sex differences in disease trajectories while investigating different treatment regimes in knee OA.
Learning to operate an imagined speech Brain-Computer Interface involves the spatial and frequency tuning of neural activity
Authors: Bhadra Kinkini , Giraud Anne-Lise , Marchesotti Silvia
Published: February 2025

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) will revolutionize the way people with severe impairment of speech production can communicate. While current efforts focus on training classifiers on vast amounts of neurophysiological signals to decode imagined speech, much less attention has been given to users’ ability to adapt their neural activity to improve BCI-control. To address whether BCI-control improves with training and characterize the underlying neural dynamics, we trained 15 healthy participants to operate a binary BCI system based on electroencephalography (EEG) signals through syllable imagery for five consecutive days. Despite considerable interindividual variability in performance and learning, a significant improvement in BCI-control was globally observed. Using a control experiment, we show that a continuous feedback about the decoded activity is necessary for learning to occur. Performance improvement was associated with a broad EEG power increase in frontal theta activity and focal enhancement in temporal low-gamma activity, showing that learning to operate an imagined-speech BCI involves dynamic changes in neural features at different spectral scales. These findings demonstrate that combining machine and human learning is a successful strategy to enhance BCI controllability.
Hydrodechlorination under O2 promotes catalytic oxidation of CVOCs over a Pt/TiO2 catalyst at low temperature
Authors: Zhao Yonghua , Yu Yanke , Li Jiahang , Xie Jinmin , He Chi
Published: February 2025

Hydrodechlorination under O2 significantly promotes the catalytic oxidation of vinyl chloride.
Brønsted acid-mediated mono- and di-substitution of quinoxalines with indoles: a pathway to indolocarbazole-quinoxaline scaffolds
Authors: Valvi Mangesh Biramya , Badhani Gaurav , More Karan Prakash , Adimurthy Subbarayappa
Published: February 2025

A protocol for mono-substitution of quinoxalines/ quinoxaline-2(1H)-ones with indoles and lead to indolocarbazole-quinoxalines with good yields under transition metal-free conditions.
Metalloporphyrins in bio-inspired photocatalytic conversions
Authors: Charisiadis Asterios , Nikolaou Vasilis , Nikoloudakis Emmanouil , Ladomenou Kalliopi , Charalambidis Georgios , Coutsolelos Athanassios G.
Published: February 2025

Recent developments in porphyrin-based artificial photosynthetic assemblies are highlighted, emphasizing biomimetic photocatalytic processes, namely water splitting, CO2 reduction and alcohol oxidation, with high energetic and environmental impact.
Functional Design of Metal Aerogels for Wearable Electrochemical Biosensing
Authors: Xue Pengxin , Zhou Shaokun , Li Guanglei , Wen Dan
Published: February 2025

Metal aerogels (MAs) represent a novel class of aerogels composed entirely of interconnected metal nanoparticles or nanostructures. They integrate the unique physicochemical properties of metals with the high surface area...
Synthesis, Characterization, and Green to Orange Luminescence Properties of Copper(I) Complexes with 3-bdppmapy Ligand-Containing Phenanthroline and Its Derivatives
Authors: Jin Qiong-Hua , Mou Wen-Long , Fan Sijie , Ying-Long Wang , Wang Guo , Hu Fu-Zhen , Gui-Xiong Guo , Li Zhong-feng , Han Hong-Liang , Xin Xiu-Lan , Liu Jian-Ming , Yang Yuping
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the successful synthesis of eight Cu(I) complexes 1-8, [Cu(phen)(3-bdppmapy)]BF4·CH3OH (1), [Cu(phen)(3-bdppmapy)]ClO4·CH3OH (2), [Cu(phen)(3 bdppmapy)]I (- 3), [Cu(phen)(3-bdppmapy)]CF3SO3(4), [Cu(2,3-f)(3-bdppmapy)]BF4·CH3OH (5), [Cu(2,3-f)(3-bdppmapy)]ClO4·CH3OH (6), [Cu(2,3-f)(3-bdppmapy)]I·2CH3OH (7), [Cu(2,3-f)(3-bdppmapy)]CF3SO3·CH3OH (8) (3-bdppmapy=N,Nbis[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]-3-pyridinamine; phen=1,10-phenanthroline;...
Cu and P co-doped nitrogen-doped hierarchical carbon for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction in zinc-air battery
Authors: Rong Zhongyuan , Li Mengwei , Deng Yijie , Tang Haibo
Published: February 2025

The Fe based nitrogen-doped carbon oxygen reduction catalysts with high performance have been widely reported, however, the Fenton reaction faced by such catalysts has hindered its practical application in the...
Gut microbiota modulation and inflammation mitigation in a murine model through a hull-less and purple grain barley genotype
Authors: Cortijo-Alfonso María-Engracia , Laghouaouta Houda , Pena Ramona N. , Martínez Mariona , Yuste Silvia , Rubió-Piqué Laura , Piñol-Felis Carme
Published: February 2025

This study uniquely demonstrates the anti-inflammatory and microbiota-modulating effects of anthocyanin-rich, hull-less purple-grain barley in vivo.
The origin, composition, and applications of industrial humins – a review
Authors: de Jong Ed , Mascal Mark , Constant Sandra , Claessen Tom , Tosi Pierluigi , Mija Alice
Published: February 2025

Humins are side-products derived from the acid-catalysed conversion of carbohydrate-containing biomass, including sugars (e.g. glucose, fructose, sucrose), oligo-, polysaccharides, and lignocellulosic feedstocks into HMF, furfural and levulinic acid.
Sensor-integrated gut-on-a-chip for monitoring senescence-mediated changes in the intestinal barrier
Authors: Brandauer Konstanze , Lorenz Alexandra , Schobesberger Silvia , Schuller Patrick , Frauenlob Martin , Spitz Sarah , Ertl Peter
Published: February 2025

A gut-on-a-chip platform with integrated gold electrodes has been developed to measure the barrier integrity of a human senescent model.
Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide Modified Magnetic Apricot Shells for Removing Congo Red Dye and its Artificial Neural Network Model
Authors: Akinola Akinshola Olabamiji , Eswaran Prabakaran , Govender Krishna , Pillay Kriveshini
Published: February 2025

This study focused on the synthesis of a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-modified magnetic (Fe3O4@Ap/CTAB) nanocomposite from apricot shells and utilised an artificial neural network (ANN) to model the process parameters for removing...
Supramolecular electrostatic functionalization of 1T-MoS2 based on alkylammonium salts
Authors: Misia Giuseppe , Cesco Michele , Prato Maurizio , Silvestri Alessandro
Published: February 2025

The electrostatic functionalization between negative-charged 1T-MoS2 and positive-charged alkylammonium salts allows high functionalization yields while preserving the material's favorable properties.
Computational insights into the physico-chemical properties of pure and single-atom copper–indium sub-nanometre clusters: a DFT-genetic algorithm approach
Authors: Alotaibi Norah O. , Abdulhussein Heider A. , Alamri Shatha M. , Hamza Noorhan Ali , Abo Nasria Abbas H.
Published: February 2025

This study explores the structural, segregation, electronic, and energetic properties of pure and mono-substituted Cu–In sub-nanometer clusters using Mexican Enhanced Genetic Algorithm based DFT approach.
Reversible redox 19F magnetic resonance imaging nanoprobes for monitoring the redox state in vivo
Authors: Xiong Xiaoyao , Li Sijia , Li Yumin , Xu Suying , Guo Chang , Wang Leyu
Published: February 2025

We present trifluoromethyl (–CF3, as the 19F tag) grafted selenide (as the redox-recognition site) polymer nanoprobes for reversible redox sensing in vivo.
A MXene-supported single atom catalyst selectively converts CO2 into methanol and methane
Authors: Al-Mahayni Hasan , Yuan Rongyu , Seifitokaldani Ali
Published: February 2025

Single atom catalysts (SACs) supported on MXene have emerged as new-generation catalysts that exhibit unique properties and catalytic activity due to their tunable coordination environment and uniform catalytic active sites.
Highly efficient organic solar cells enabled by ultraviolet-ozone treated molybdenum oxide hole transport layers
Authors: Panagiotopoulos Apostolos , Kakavelakis George , Almpanidis Kyriakos , Askew Leslie , Kutsarov Dimitar I. , Silva S. Ravi P.
Published: February 2025

Ultraviolet ozone treatment on MoOx films improves the wettability, charge extraction, efficiency and the stability of organic solar cells.
Structural and chemical mapping of Au-Co(OH)2 electrocatalytic films shows the formation of ordered Au crystallites and the suppression of Co oxidation
Authors: Kamar Rusha , Kewish Cameron M. , Paterson David J. , Wang Xiaodong , O'Mullane Anthony Peter , Jones Michael M W
Published: February 2025

Transition metal oxide catalysts typically reconstruct both chemically and structurally during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here we simultaneously map the changes in both the crystallinity and chemistry of an...
Electron scattering by Coulomb interactions of coupling agents for high insulating aramid films
Authors: Fan Sidi , Du Xinghan , Zhang Wenqi , Sun Kaixuan , Yang Rui , Lv Fangcheng , Xie Qing , Yu Xiang
Published: February 2025

An appropriate coupling agent can improve interfacial compatibility and strengthen interfacial interactions for better structural integrity. Its unique function of electron scattering can highly enhance the insulation properties.
Correction: Synthesis of poly-tetrahydropyrimidine antibacterial polymers and research of their basic properties
Authors: Xu Taimin , Li Wenlong , Zhang Rong , Guo Shuaibing , Yu Bing , Cong Hailin , Shen Youqing
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Synthesis of poly-tetrahydropyrimidine antibacterial polymers and research of their basic properties’ by Taimin Xu et al., Biomater. Sci., 2022, 10, 1026–1040, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1BM01465J.
Correction: D–A–D organic fluorescent probes for NIR-II fluorescence imaging and efficient photothermal therapy of breast cancer
Authors: Gao Jie , Yuan Lin , Min Yu , Yu Bing , Cong Hailin , Shen Youqing
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘D–A–D organic fluorescent probes for NIR-II fluorescence imaging and efficient photothermal therapy of breast cancer’ by Jie Gao et al., Biomater. Sci., 2024, 12, 1320–1331, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3BM01604H.
Designing small organic molecular NIR-II fluorophores by ring strain modulation
Authors: Wang Xingyu , Li Tuanwei , Yang Xiaohu , Yang Xingyu , Ma Zhiwei , Wu Xiangyu , Zhang Yejun , Chen Guangcun , Jiang Jiang , Li Chunyan
Published: February 2025

We report a strategy to modulate the optical properties of xanthene-based fluorophores by manipulating their ring strain, which influences the rigidity and planarity of the conjugated structure, thereby impacting their optical characteristics.
Identification of novel tetrabromobisphenol A byproducts in industrial chemicals and environment near a manufacturing site: An overlooked source of novel pollutants†
Authors: Xu Weihao , Han Xiaoxuan , Tian Yong , Liang Jiakui , Zhang Yanfeng
Published: February 2025

To evaluate the migration, transformation, and fate of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in the environment, the transformation/degradation (T/D) products of TBBPA and byproducts of industrial production should be distinguished. Herein, 7...
Ultrasound-activated nano-oxygen sensitizer for sonodynamic–radiotherapy of esophageal cancer
Authors: Liu Jiayin , Shi Manru , Zhao Huijia , Bai Xin , Lin Quan , Guan Xin , Wu Bolin , E. Mingyan
Published: February 2025

Owing to the intricate nature, variability, and persistent oxygen-deficient environment associated with esophageal cancer tissues, radiotherapy sometimes doesn't work as well because some cancer cells can resist the radiation to a certain extent.
Spin crossover in the Fe(3PyMe)2[M(CN)4] series with M = Ni, Pd, Pt, and 3PyMe = 3-pyridinemethanol. The role of the intermolecular OH---OH interaction.
Authors: Vazquez Monica C. , Avila Yosuan , Sánchez Laritza , Ortiz Annie , Piedra Orlando , González Marlene M. , Avila Manuel , Reguera Edilso
Published: February 2025

Pillared ferrous 2D tetracyanometallates, Fe(L)2[M(CN)4] where M = Ni, Pd, Pt, and L is pyridine and its derivative, form a family of Hofmann-type 2D coordination polymers. This family includes members...
Electrostatic regulation of Zn2+ ion concentration on electrodes and its impact on electrochemical performance
Authors: Yu Yijun , Liu Lei , Liu Puning , Jiang Wannian , Zhang Zhonghua , Guo Xiaosong , Zhang Lin , Zheng Jun , Li Guicun
Published: February 2025

A cost-effective strategy to fabricate a phosphate-enriched protective (ZAP) layer on Zn electrodes for effectively modulating their adsorption properties.
Access to arynes from arenes via net dehydrogenation: scope, synthetic applications and mechanistic analysis
Authors: Roberts Riley A. , Metze Bryan E. , Javaly Nicole , McCormick Theresa M. , Stuart David R.
Published: February 2025

Arynes are versatile intermediates for organic synthesis and now they can be accessed from arenes in one or two-pot sequences via aryl thianthrenium (in situ) and aryl iodonium (isolated) intermediates, respectively.
Pinning and elongating of electric treeing induced by wrinkled nanosheets in polymer dielectrics towards significantly enhanced high-temperature energy storage performance
Authors: Fan Xuyuan , Zhu Linwei , Chang Zelong , Tang Qingyang , Dastan Davoud , Fan Runhua , Shi Zhicheng
Published: February 2025

The polyetherimide composite with 0.2 wt% alumina nanosheets exhibits pinned, elongated breakdown paths due to wrinkles, achieving an ultrahigh energy density of 8.27 J cm–3 (>90% efficiency) at 150 °C, 420% that of pure polyetherimide film.
Conceptualization of a Universally Usable Dynamic Assessment Screener for Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Hedges Christy
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

This article reviews current best practice recommendations in the areas of assessment for developmental language disorder in multilingual populations, screening recommendations, and dynamic assessment in an effort to inform the creation of a universally usable screening tool for language development.

Method:

Best practice recommendations were considered in each of the identified areas. The convergence of these areas was then conceptualized and used to analyze a current screening tool. Through the review of information and the application to a current screening, recommendations for the development of a new screening tool are provided.

Conclusions:

The current screening tool was found to be lacking in almost all areas. The new recommendations will be useful to clinicians as they consider how best to screen language in a large group of children with diverse language backgrounds.
Electric vehicle charging demand forecasting at charging stations under climate influence for electricity dispatching
Authors: Chen Peilu , Qin Jianzhong , Dong Jinxi , Ling Long , Lin Xiaoming , Ding Huixian
Published: February 2025

As the prevalence of electric vehicles (EVs) continues to surge, the precise forecasting of charging demands at individual charging stations becomes imperative for effective power distribution management. However, the charging demand of EVs is often related to various factors and exhibits strong randomness. This paper aims to explore the impact of climatic factors on the charging demand of electric vehicles at charging stations, and to study a prediction model based on the attention mechanism of LSTM for predicting the load of charging stations, providing important guidance for the scheduling of electric vehicles. By analysing the load data of a single charging station under different climatic conditions, the paper finds that climatic factors such as the highest temperature of the day, the lowest temperature, and the type of weather significantly affect the charging demand of electric vehicles. Utilizing the aforementioned characteristics, this paper studies a climate feature‐guided charging demand prediction model for a single charging station, which adopts the LSTM architecture and introduces the attention mechanism, incorporating the above‐mentioned important climatic features, and is ultimately able to accurately predict the future charging demand of the charging station. The experimental results show that, compared to other time series forecasting models, this model has significantly improved performance on the dataset tests, with its accuracy ratio (AR) indicator and qualified rate indicator both exceeding 0.85 and 0.95, respectively. This study not only offers a new perspective and method for predicting the demand for electric vehicle charging but also provides support for the development of electric vehicle scheduling.
Robust machine learning model of inferring the ex situ stellar fraction of galaxies from photometric data
Authors: Cai Runsheng , Zhu Ling , Shen Shiyin , Wang Wenting , Pillepich Annalisa , Falcón-Barroso Jesús
Published: February 2025

We searched for the parameters defined from photometric images to quantify the ex situ stellar mass fraction of galaxies. We created mock images using galaxies in the cosmological hydrodynamical simulations TNG100, EAGLE, and TNG50 at redshift z=0. We defined a series of parameters describing their structures, including the absolute magnitude in r and g bands (M_r, M_g), the half-light and 90% light radius (r_50, r_90), the concentration (C), the luminosity fractions of inner and outer halos (f_ innerhalo, f_ outerhalo), and the inner and outer surface brightness gradients (∇ inner ∇ ρ_ outer ) and g-r colour gradients (∇ g-r inner ∇ g-r outer ). In particular, the inner and outer halo of a galaxy are defined by sectors ranging from $45-135$ degrees from the disk major axis, and with radii ranging from $3.5-10$ kpc and $10-30$ kpc, respectively, to avoid the contamination of disk and bulge. The surface brightness and colour gradients are defined by the same sectors along the minor axis and with similar radii ranges. We used the random forest method to create a model that predicts f_ exsitu from morphological parameters. The model predicts f_ exsitu well with a scatter smaller than 0.1 compared to the ground truth in all mass ranges. The models trained from TNG100 and EAGLE work similarly well and are cross-validated; they also work well in making predictions for TNG50 galaxies. The analysis using random forest reveals that ∇ outer ∇ g-r outer f_ outerhalo, and f_ innerhalo are the most influential parameters in predicting f_ exsitu, underscoring their significance in uncovering the merging history of galaxies. We further analysed how the quality of images will affect the results by using SDSS-like and HSC-like mock images for galaxies at different distances. Our results can be used to infer the ex situ stellar mass fractions for a large sample of galaxies from photometric surveys.
Cardiac Risk Assessment Through Retinal Images
Authors: Reddy L. Manojav , Deekshitha M. , Sree G. Meghana , Padmini K.
Published: February 2025

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death across the globe. Therefore, detection at an early stage is all the more crucial. In this project, retinal images captured during a routine eye examination are used for the prediction of heart attack by deep learning and machine learning. Improvement in quality of images, highlights on blood vessels, extracting meaningful features like shape of vessel, and density that relates heart health. The approach will be hybrid, based on a combination of a neural classifier RNN using clustering and AdaBoost for generating highly accurate predictive outputs as well as providing an assessment score for potential issues concerning heart conditions. It is a non-invasive cost-effective procedure, fast, easy, and may be conducted along with regular eye checks to encourage early intervention and better health.
How deep learning identifies and learns aspects of plant for classification
Authors: Devi V. Sowmya , Pooja Govu , Ramya Sande , Priya Nakka Vishnu
Published: February 2025

Identification of plant species is very crucial for preserving biodiversity, developing farm-based practices and ecosystem administration. By merging classical structural approach with innovative machine learning methods. We gathered data from diverse plants highlighting mainly on leaves, fruits, flowers and vegetables. Focusing on their dimension, outline and their features, and also environmental factors like climate and soil type. To extract optimal features which are missed by the traditional methods to overcome this we took high quality snapshots with advanced image processing methods. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) of supervised learning algorithm used along with the Keras and Tensorflow the features were analysed and deployed in Streamlit. Accomplishing an accuracy of 95% on a dataset which was trained over 10,000 plant samples with conventional strategies. The outcomes boost the process and also improves identification by making reliable tool and helps for ecologists, botanists and agricultural scientists. This study achieves a robust solution for plant species identification by integrating advanced algorithms and traditional techniques. It encourages for conservation analysis and wildlife protection initiatives.
A Model for Identifying and Isolating Sensor Attacks in Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Haritha P. , Punitha P. , Kumar Ch. Niranjan , Panse Deepa
Published: February 2025

The proposed solution in this paper is model-based which aims to address the cyber-security threats affecting automated cars more so those affecting the sensors-targets. The goal of the framework is to detect the risks and find their position to provide secure positioning of the AVs. To build a tenacious protection against cyber threats the technique involves having multiple sensors to incorporate many physical sensors that give real time posture. For real-time detection of anomalies in the sensor measurements the design involves an extended Kalman filter (EKF) and a cumulative sum (CUSUM) discriminator. Iterator calculations of the position and orientation of a vehicle are carried out using Extended Kalman Filters (EKFs). At the same time, there are CUSUM discriminators employed in evaluating the differences between actual and expected positions in line with the vehicle mathematical model or failure identification. An auxiliary detector combines the information from several sensors to evaluate disparities in measurements. The results obtained from all the detectors are used to develop a rule-based isolation method that accurately identifies the source of the abnormal sensor. The effectiveness of the proposed architecture is further described by incorporating actual vehicle data, which also stress on helping protect autonomous vehicles from cyber risks.
Forest fire prediction using K - Nearest Neighbour Model
Authors: Vullam Nagagopiraju , Shaik Subhani , Reddy Gondi Konda , Krishna Korivi Vamshee , Shaik Aseena Babu
Published: February 2025

Forest fire most dangerous threat of wildfires, this learning, explores the efficiency of the K NN technique for forest fire prediction. With different types of datasets encircling meteorological data, our ML model includes crucial environmental variables to different patterns leading to fire accidents. The KNN model’s nonparametric and spatially aware characteristics make it a compelling choice for capturing local dependencies within the dataset. The KNN algorithm’s simplicity and flexibility make it convenient for handling diverse datasets and redesigning to changing environmental conditions. However, it’s pivotal to acknowledge the importance of feature selection and data preprocessing in enriching the model’s performance. Additionally, continuous monitoring and updating of the model with real-time data are essential for ensuring its reliability in predicting forest fire occurrences.
Design of Free Space Optical Communication for Efficient Communication
Authors: Samalla Krishna , Kumar P. Naveen , Subba Rao S.P.V. , Bhargava Sruthi
Published: February 2025

Free Space Optics is a form of Optical Wireless communication technique that uses free space as a medium between transmitter and receveur. It is especially useful for short range point-to-point communication links when a physical communication connections is not economical and feasible. In light of the benefits a FSO can offer, there has been a significant increase of interest in research community to develop efficient FSO transmitter and receveur system. This work is focused on the développent of efficient communication link for optical sources with very low Pulse- Répétition-Frequency. The main contribution of this work is the développent of simple yet efficient alternatives to the traditional topics of FSO design like PPM Modulation, Synchronisation etc.
Culture and Art Forms of Bihar creating a sense of community
Authors: Singh Shashi , Rajak Fulena , Sharma Anjali
Published: February 2025

Culture depicts the identity and creativity representing a specific society or region. It is essential for the growth of humans and has a significant impact on how individuals interact with one another in daily life. When a culture is powerful, it can significantly improve a community’s health and general well-being. This article’s goals are to illustrate the value of culture in creating a sense of community and to examine Various cultural aspects of Bihar region which play important role to bring people together for happy events. This research paper delves into the rich and diverse cultural heritage of Bihar, a state located in the eastern part of India. Bihar has a unique blend of cultural, historical, and artistic traditions that have evolved over millennia. The paper explores various art forms, traditions, festivals, and cultural practices that contribute to the distinct identity of Bihar.
9.12.4 Tellurophenes (Update 2024)
Authors: Harris P. A.
Published: February 2025

Methods for the synthesis of tellurophenes are reviewed in this chapter, covering the period from 2011 to 2022. This is a supplement to both the original Science of Synthesis review (Section 9.12) that covered the literature up to 2000, and the subsequent update covering from 2001 to 2010 (Section 9.12.3).
Mixed update rules point to the dynamics of cooperation in simulated populations
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: February 2025

Modifying “the prisoner’s dilemma” shows that even small probabilities of adhering to conformity-driven rules yields subgroups of cooperators.
Mapping comorbidity patterns and associated proteins to help fight “long COVID”
Authors: Nelson Ryan
Published: February 2025

Data reveals comorbidity patterns and related biomarkers that could be targeted by new or existing drugs.
Global synchronization theorem for coupled swarmalators
Authors: O’Keeffe Kevin
Published: February 2025

The global stability of oscillator networks has attracted much recent attention. Ordinarily, the oscillators in such studies are motionless; their spatial degrees of freedom are either ignored (e.g., mean field models) or inactive (e.g., geometrically embedded networks like lattices). Yet many real-world oscillators are mobile, moving around in space as they synchronize in time. Here, we prove a global synchronization theorem for a simple model of such swarmalators where the units move on a 1D ring. This can be thought of as a generalization from oscillators connected on random networks to oscillators connected on temporal networks, where the edges are determined by the oscillators’ movements.
Association of hemodynamics and morphology with local surface growth of abdominal aortic aneurysm using spatial pattern analysis
Authors: Fedotova Y. , Kalachev I. , Epifanov R. , Totmina E. , Borisova K. , Lysikov D. , Karpenko A. , Mullyadzhanov R.
Published: February 2025

The study aims to investigate the relationship between morphology, hemodynamics, and local growth that could explain biomechanical mechanism of the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression. We analyzed a sequential pairs of computerized tomography angiography images from 25 patients to extract multiphysical features, including local growth, lumen remodeling, intraluminal thickness, aneurysm radii, time-averaged wall shear stress, and oscillatory shear index. We used vascular deformation mapping technique for local growth assessment, which was validated against anatomical landmarks and demonstrated strong correlation with growth metrics. Among the extracted parameters of AAA, we conducted spatial correlation analysis based on subsampling with decorrelation length. The key findings of this study are identified relationships between blood flow dynamics and lumen remodeling, and positive correlation between initial thrombus thickness and aneurysm growth, supported by both local and global correlation analysis. We classified the blood flow patterns into three types and found no statistically significant differences in the distribution of flow types and the growth rate of AAAs. Lumen remodeling primarily occurs in region of recirculating blood flow with low velocities. However, the morphology of the lumen surface also appears to play a significant role. Notably, this finding pertains to the metric of lumen remodeling rather than intraluminal thickness.
Combined effects of fluid elasticity and plasticity on flow past a rotating circular cylinder
Authors: Raffi Sana , Chauhan A. , Sasmal C.
Published: February 2025

The flow past a rotating cylinder is a classic benchmark problem in the domain of fluid dynamics, extensively studied in the past through experiments and numerical simulations. However, most prior research has focused on simple Newtonian fluids. In contrast, many fluids encountered in practical applications display complex non-Newtonian characteristics, such as elasticity and plasticity. This study presents a numerical investigation into the influence of these non-Newtonian properties on the flow dynamics around a rotating circular cylinder within the laminar vortex-shedding regime. Simulations are performed at a fixed Reynolds number (Re=100), exploring a wide range of Weissenberg numbers (0≤Wi≤5), Bingham numbers (0≤Bn≤1), and cylinder rotational speeds (0≤Ω≤1). The Saramito constitutive model is employed in this study to capture the combined effects of fluid elasticity and plasticity. Results indicate that both the fluid's non-Newtonian behavior and cylinder rotation significantly alter the flow characteristics. For instance, the vortex-shedding frequency downstream of the cylinder decreases with increasing Wi and Bn, showing minimal change beyond critical values in the case of a rotating cylinder. In contrast, for a fixed cylinder, the vortex-shedding frequency initially decreases and subsequently increases at higher Wi. Additionally, the time-averaged drag coefficient increases with both Wi and Bn, while the root mean square lift coefficient decreases both for fixed and rotating cylinders. However, the variation in lift coefficient with Bn is minimal for the rotating cylinder. The flow structures downstream of the cylinder also exhibit distinct patterns. For instance, at high Wi, the streamlines become highly distorted and broken for a fixed cylinder but remain more ordered for a rotating cylinder. Most importantly, the present study finds a transition of the flow field from regular periodic behavior to irregular aperiodic one at higher Wi, observed for both fixed and rotating cylinders in elastoviscoplastic (EVP) fluids. This transition highlights the increased complexity of flow dynamics in EVP fluids compared to Newtonian fluids under identical flow conditions. This needs to be understood thoroughly, particularly in applications involving non-Newtonian fluids, where accurate predictions of flow behavior are essential.
Non-Newtonian fluid droplet impact dynamics on thin liquid films
Authors: Singh Manglesh , Basu Saikat , Samanta Devranjan
Published: February 2025

Droplet impact on liquid films is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature and many industrial applications. The present study highlights the impact dynamics of viscoelastic droplets on thin films of water and the same viscoelastic fluid as the droplet. In this experimental study, we have highlighted the variations in the impact dynamics that arise due to the non-Newtonian effects. The ejection of secondary droplets from the crown rim normally observed in the case of Newtonian droplet impacts on water films is suppressed, in the case of non-Newtonian droplet impacts on water films. Due to the fluid elasticity, the Rayleigh–Plateau instability-induced ejection of secondary droplets from the crown rim is inhibited. Long-lasting slender liquid filaments resembling beads-on-a-string structures are observed in the case of viscoelastic droplet impact on water films. However, when the drop and film are of the same viscoelastic fluid, such filaments are not observed during the crown formation stage. Subsequently, we have characterized the geometrical features of the crown and the regime maps of various outcomes of the droplet impact dynamics. It is observed that the elasticity of the liquid suppresses the crown growth and secondary droplet formation. The dependence of the impact dynamics on Weber number (We), polymer concentration in terms of elasticity number (El), Bond number (Bo), and film thickness (h*) are also highlighted in the form of regime maps. It is observed that secondary droplet ejection does not take place on an increase in Bond number and film thickness for both water and viscoelastic films.
Aerodynamic performance of double car systems running the whole process in high-speed elevators under the influence of key parameters
Authors: Zhang Ruijun , Zeng Xiangrui , He Qin , Yang Longlong , Huang Guowen , Cong Dongsheng
Published: February 2025

Significant piston effects occur when the high-speed elevator double car systems operate in opposition. Particularly, when the two intersect, the aerodynamic forces operating on the car undergo an immediate alteration, significantly affecting the stability of elevator operation. This research aims to examine the aerodynamic performance and flow field distribution of double car systems operating under multiple parameters. It first develops a three-dimensional, multi-parameter, universal geometric model of double car systems and introduces a six-region dynamic layering numerical simulation method based on this model. The accuracy of the numerical model and methodology is validated through actual elevator experiments. The impact of double car spacing, blockage ratio, and the length ratio of the car to the hoistway on the aerodynamic performance and airflow distribution surrounding double car systems during the whole operation is examined. Furthermore, the aerodynamic performance of the intersection of the double car systems is examined in detail. The research findings indicate that a reduction in distance from 110 to 50 cm leads to a 46.5% rise in the peak lift value. As the blockage ratio rises from 47.5% to 62.5%, the peak drag value diminishes by 36.8%. Nevertheless, as the length ratio escalates from 68.8% to 92.8%, the peak lift value practically doubles. The research has important reference values for exploring aerodynamic performance and the value of structural parameters when double car systems run the whole process in a high-speed elevator.
Low-frequency electrostatic structures associated with dust-acoustic waves in magnetized dusty plasmas in the presence of κ-nonthermal electrons and positrons
Authors: Faisal F. , Sultana S. , Mamun A. A.
Published: February 2025

Properties of low-frequency electrostatic structures (solitary and shock waves) associated with dust-acoustic waves (DAWs) in a magnetized dusty plasma in the presence of κ-distributed positrons and electrons have been examined. The Zakharov–Kuznetsov–Burgers equation has been derived by adopting the reductive perturbation approach. The solitary and shock wave solution has also been obtained for different limiting cases to analyze the basic features of solitary and shock waves. The propagation properties of DAWs are modified significantly due to the variation of different compositional parameters (such as superthermal index κ, negative-to-positive dust mass α1, the electron-to-positron temperature σp, the obliqueness angle θ, the cyclotron frequency of dust Ω, and the viscosity parameter η.) of the considered plasma. This research sheds light on the nonlinear electrostatic excitations present in the interstellar medium and laboratories, offering valuable insights into the complex behavior of astrophysical and laboratory plasmas.
Alleviating the fouling issue on internally helical enhanced tubes
Authors: Gao Rong , Liu Xiaocong , Yang Bin , Zhao Zeyu , Cui Xuyang , Zhang Chunxiao , Si Xiaojun
Published: February 2025

Alleviating the fouling issue of internally helical enhanced tubes within the cooling system has important implications for reducing energy consumption in data centers. To address the limitations of experimental investigations, such as the insufficient number of test tubes, numerical simulations of the fouling deposition characteristics of 25 internally helical enhanced tubes with different micro-rib geometric parameters are conducted employing the Eulerian–Eulerian method in this study. The response mechanisms and the sensitivity of fouling deposition to the enhancement of each single micro-rib geometric parameter on the enhanced tube are identified. The results demonstrate that the amount of combined fouling deposition for internally helical enhanced tubes increases with the decrease in the inner diameter (Di), the axial element pitch and rib height ratio (p/e), the increase in the number of ridges (Nsi), helix angle (αi), rib height (ei), which is consistent with the change in the heat transfer performance with each single micro-rib geometric parameter on the heat transfer surface. Meanwhile, under the typical cooling water velocity (1.6 m/s) and medium fouling potential water conditions, the impact of the overall variation of each single micro-rib geometric parameter on the asymptotic fouling thermal resistance in descending order: the number of ridges (Nsi), helix angle (αi), rib height (ei), and inner diameter (Di), with the corresponding range (Rj) of average asymptotic fouling thermal resistance being 2.44 × 10−5–8.01 × 10−5 (m2 · K)/W. In addition, a fouling prediction model related to the micro-rib geometric parameter was developed, which has an average accuracy of 4.91% for predicting the fouling resistance ratio. This work is valuable in understanding and alleviating the problem of fouling deposition for internally helical enhanced tubes from the viewpoint of structural parameters.
Dust transport law and ventilation parameters optimization in heading face under long-pressure and short-pumping ventilation conditions
Authors: Xu Chao , Wang Wenjing , Wang Kai , Wang Mengxi , Hu Yuanyuan , Guo Lin , Yang Tong , Yuan Yongwang
Published: February 2025

The working face of underground mining is the most complicated place regarding wind flow distribution and dust transportation and the most challenging place regarding dust prevention and control. Therefore, minimizing the dust concentration in the working face has become the key to efficiently mining deep coal resources. Long-pressure and short-pumping ventilation is widely used in long-distance heading faces. However, there are fewer studies on optimizing ventilation parameters for the actual situation on site, and the ventilation effect still needs to be improved. To solve this problem, this study took the 2–2 upper coal face of Xinjie Taigemiao mine as the research object, combined the Euler–Lagrange method and discrete-phase model for numerical simulation, and investigated the influence of the position of the windpipe opening and the pressurized opening, the ventilation volume, and the ratio of the pressure and extraction on the effect of the ventilation and dust removal, which revealed the distribution of the wind flow and the law of dust transport in the heading face under different working conditions. Finally, the optimal combination of the ventilation parameters was established. The results show that the tunnel's dust concentration distribution exhibits the traits of three zones. The ideal ventilation parameters include that in the effective suction range of the extracting windpipe, the distance between the extraction air outlet and the heading face should be appropriate to increase, recommended Lc = 5 m; the pressure tube should be located in the influential suction range boundary position, recommended Ly = 24 m; ventilation should be appropriately reduced, recommended Qy = 200 m3/min; and maintain the pressure–extraction ratio is greater than 1, recommended K = 1.2. The research results provide reliable ideas for dust management during deep coal seam mining.