bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bankruptcy Prediction, Financial Distress and Corporate Life Cycle: Case Study of Central European Enterprises
Authors: Michalkova Lucia , Ponisciakova Olga
Published: February 2025

Businesses are influenced by the cyclical nature of economic development and distinct stages in the corporate life cycle. Accurate early-warning mechanisms are crucial to mitigating bankruptcy risk, enabling timely rescue measures. This article analyses the reliability of various bankruptcy prediction models, including those by Kliestik et al., Poznanski, the modified Zmijewski, Jakubik–Teply, and Virag–Hajdu, across corporate life cycle stages. Reliability was assessed using five metrics: accuracy, balanced accuracy, F1 and F2 scores, and the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC). The sample included over 5000 SMEs from Central Europe, with financial data from 2022. The findings reveal a U-shaped trend in financial distress risk, with start-ups and declining enterprises facing the highest risks. The results indicate that the Kliestik et al. model shows consistent reliability across all life cycle stages, while the Poznanski model shows more variability. Conversely, the Virag–Hajdu model exhibits significant variability in reliability, with its best performance observed during the Decline stage. The modified Zmijewski and Jakubik–Teply models show lower MCC values overall, with the modified Zmijewski model performing better at predicting the financial distress of mature shake-out firms compared to other stages.
Exploring the Realization Pathways of Improving the Agricultural Green Production Level in the Major Grain-Producing Areas of China
Authors: Chen Shulin , Lu Jiaming
Published: February 2025

Investigating the spatio-temporal trends in agricultural green production level and proposing pathways to improve it can offer valuable insights for promoting the green, low-carbon, and sustainable development of China’s agriculture, as well as contributing to the achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Therefore, in order to investigate the spatio-temporal variations in agricultural green production level and its driving factors, and explore pathways to improve it in the major grain-producing areas of China, a new multi-dimensional framework for estimating the agricultural green production level was proposed, and based on the OLS regression and scenario prediction, the agricultural green production levels from 2012 to 2030 were estimated. The findings indicate that from 2012 to 2021, the agricultural green production level in the major grain-producing areas experienced a consistent annual increase. The average annual value for the agricultural green production level was recorded at 0.443. At a spatial scale, the agricultural green production level exhibited a pronounced regional pattern, showing higher levels in the central and eastern areas, while lower levels were noted in the northeastern and western regions. The actual utilization of foreign capital and the per capita disposable income of farmers positively influenced the agricultural green production level. In contrast, factors such as the proportion of the secondary industry, the proportion of the tertiary industry, and the urbanization rate negatively affected this level. From 2022 to 2030, the agricultural green production level is expected to demonstrate a gradual growth trend under the baseline scenario, although the rate of growth is expected to decrease over time. Conversely, under the green and sustainable development scenario, a notably significant growth trend in agricultural green production level is projected. However, under the rapid economic development scenario, it is estimated that the agricultural green production level will initially increase slowly before peaking in 2026 and then experiencing a decline. With the aim of ensuring the ongoing enhancement of agricultural green production level objectives, the major grain-producing areas should proactively encourage inter-provincial collaboration in agricultural green production, vigorously attract foreign investment to facilitate the advancement of green production technologies, promote the harmonious integration of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural regions, and improve farmers’ income.
Effects of CLA, Soybean Oil, and Used Soybean Oil from Fish Friers in Sheep Diets on Milk Lipids and Lamb Tissues
Authors: De Gasperin-López Isaac , Pinos-Rodríguez Juan Manuel , Vicente-Martínez Jorge Genaro , López-Aguirre Samuel , Estrada-Coates Alejandro Taylor , Contreras-Hernández Gustavo
Published: February 2025

The use of omega fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation could be a beneficial strategy to improve health and production in ruminants. In this study, the effect of the dietary addition of c9, t11 and t10, c12 isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in pure soybean oil (T1) was compared with pure soybean oil (T2) and soybean oil discarded after frying fish (Centropomus undecimalis, Pagrus pagrus, and Caranx crysos; T3) on the fatty acid profile in ewe milk and the tissues of their lambs. Forty-five multiparous ewes (East Friesian × Katahdin), 32 to 35 months old, 70 days pregnant, were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental diets. The fatty acid profile, total solids, fat, protein, and lactose in milk were determined 14 days postpartum. Fifteen lambs from each treatment were sacrificed at 70 days of age, and the fatty acid profiles in perirenal fat, muscle, and brain were determined. In milk, fat and total solids content were lower with T1. On the other hand, linoleic acid content, the sum of omega-6 and DHA were higher in T1 compared to other groups (p < 0.05). In the brain, stearic acid and linoleic acid concentration increased with T1; eicosapentaenoic acid decreased and omega-3s increased with T3, while DHA was lower in T2 (p < 0.05). The addition of CLA isomers or discarded soybean oil in ewe diet from pregnancy to lactation is advantageous for the ewe since less energy in the form of milk fat is lost. In addition, increasing the concentration of omega fatty acids in ewe diet to improve omega fatty acids in lamb’s brain could be a feed strategy to increase their productivity and health.
Correction: Zhao et al. Fasciola gigantica Recombinant Abelson Tyrosine Protein Kinase (rFgAbl) Regulates Various Functions of Buffalo Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Animals 2025, 15, 179
Authors: Zhao Min , Zou Yu , Chen Wanting , Wu Dongqi , Xian Chengjun , Yang Haoqing , Tan Jiacheng , Di Wenda , Wu Wende , Wang Dongying
Published: February 2025

Error in Figure 4 [...]
The More the Better: Genetic Monitoring of Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) Experimental Restockings in Sardinia (Western Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Di Crescenzo Simone , Pani Chiara , Pasquini Viviana , Maxia Marco , Addis Pierantonio , Cannas Rita
Published: February 2025

Paracentrotus lividus is a widely distributed species in the Mediterranean Sea and North-East Atlantic Ocean, where it plays an important ecological and commercial role. The growing demand for its delicious gonads has rapidly led to the overexploitation of the natural populations around Sardinia (western Mediterranean). The present research aimed at understanding the population genetics of the species within the area, and at gathering data on the juveniles produced in an experimental ‘conservation hatchery’ facility. A multilocus approach was used, combining mitochondrial genes (COI and Cytb) and microsatellite markers. Overall, both the microsatellites and mitochondrial results indicate that the hatchery-produced juveniles were less genetically diverse and significantly divergent from the wild populations, most likely because of a bottleneck effect due to the insufficient number of parental breeders used. As concerns the wild populations, despite the high harvesting pressure, they still have a good quantity of genetic variation. A weak overall differentiation was found, suggesting extensive gene flow among the sites. However, the differentiation in the pairwise comparisons between the wild Sardinian samples was found to be significant with regard to the mitochondrial sequences, to be further investigated with additional studies. These data provide the scientific knowledge necessary to inform future management actions and to improve future aquaculture protocols.
3D Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Calcaneal Morphology in Domestic Caprinae: Sheep (Ovis aries) and Goat (Capra hircus)
Authors: Güzel Barış Can , Szara Tomasz , Ünal Burak , Duro Sokol , İşbilir Fatma , Yiğit Funda , Spataru Mihaela-Claudia , Goździewska-Harłajczuk Karolina , Gündemir Ozan
Published: February 2025

The calcaneus plays a critical role in balance, locomotion, and muscle attachment, making it a key structure for biomechanical adaptations. This study examined interspecies differences between sheep and goats, as well as intraspecies variations among different sheep breeds, in calcaneus morphology. A total of 128 right calcanei were analyzed using 3D geometric morphometric methods to allow detailed assessments of calcaneus shape and size. Among sheep, the Hamdani sheep displayed the largest calcaneus among the breeds, distinguishing them significantly from the others. In contrast, goats had a bilaterally narrower calcaneal body, while sheep featured a more pronounced distal portion that articulates with the talus and a deeper articular surface. Additionally, the sustentaculum tali were more developed in sheep. The bilaterally compressed calcaneal body in goats likely reflects their agility and ability to navigate steep, rocky terrains. In contrast, sheep’s broader and more robust calcaneus may support their grazing lifestyle on flatter terrains, emphasizing their stability and weight-bearing capacity. These findings highlight the functional significance of calcaneal morphology in the locomotor strategies and physical capabilities of goats and sheep, providing valuable insights for comparative anatomy and veterinary science.
Unveiling the Potential of Three Endemic Gypsophila L. (Caryophyllaceae) Taxa as Promising Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors—Bio-Metabolic Profiles and In Vitro Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibition and Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Büker Eda , Kayabaş Avşar Ayşenur , Yildirim Ertan , Casoni Dorina , Cobzac Simona Codruța Aurora , Cimpoiu Claudia
Published: February 2025

The Caryophyllaceae family, commonly utilized in traditional medicine, exhibits various effects revealed by ethnopharmacological studies. Thus, the diuretic effect of the leaf and stem of three Gypsophila taxa endemic to Türkiye was evaluated for the first time by comparing their bio-metabolic profiles, antioxidant capacities, carbonic anhydrase inhibition, and infrared spectra. The leaf and stem of Gypsophila taxa were macerated in 50% ethanol and 50% water, bio-metabolic profiles were performed by a new validated ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (UPLC) method and spectrophotometric methods, the antioxidant capacity was determined by DPPH and ABTS assays, and the in vitro diuretic activity was evaluated by carbonic anhydrase inhibition. The results show that the G. simonii leaf exhibited the highest quantity of rutin and total polyphenols content (TPC). On the other hand, the G. germanicopolitana leaf showed the highest quantity of rosmarinic acid, and the G. eriocalyx leaf contained the maximum total flavonoids content (TFC). The antioxidant results indicated that G. eriocalyx has the highest capacity. The G. germanicopolitana leaf strongly inhibited the enzyme activity. The ATR-FTIR spectra showed that the general chemical composition in the leaf and stem parts was preserved after the extraction process. Band intensity changes may be due to the extraction process and the amount of substances. In conclusion, the species of Gypsophila taxa show considerable potential for utilization in the pharmaceutical area.
Using Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps to Support Group Decisions About Modeling and Analyzing Smart Port Performance
Authors: Paraskevas Antonios , Madas Michael , Nikolaidis Yiannis
Published: February 2025

Contemporary ports are facing a variety of challenges due to technological advancements, economic pressures, and changing policies. Key issues include the effects of globalization, rapid advancements in information and communication technologies (ICTs), and the changing nature of port services. In order to tackle these challenges and achieve operational excellence, adapt to the shifting of activities, and meet new business demands, smart ports have been proposed as a comprehensive solution. These challenges arise because port success is often measured by traditional metrics such as port size and performance. To accurately assess the intelligence of a port, there is a need for a systematic and scientifically sound smart port evaluation method. This paper provides an overview of the concept of a smart port and develops a multi-criteria assessment framework of port smartness based on neutrosophic cognitive maps (NCMs). The unique and valuable characteristic of NCMs lies in their ability to manage the uncertainty associated with the relationship between two concepts, indicating their effects on each other in neutral states. This structure enables the NCM to provide results with a greater degree of sensitivity than fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) and allows for a greater degree of freedom of intuition for an expert to express not only the potential impacts but also the uncertainty associated with those impacts. Our methodology can make decisions using incomplete, uncertain, and inconsistent data during the assessment process, providing a rigorous quantitative framework for the assessment of port “smartness”. The proposed solution has the potential to act as a valuable tool in a group decision support environment and can be used to accelerate an organization’s development, improve productivity, and reinforce efforts to achieve strategic and sustainability objectives. To achieve this, an appropriate framework for such a methodology is demonstrated through an illustrative example offering actionable insights for improving port operations.
Waste Rubber-Modified Cement-Bound Base Course: Laboratory Characterisation and Field Application
Authors: Barišić Ivana , Zagvozda Martina , Netinger Grubeša Ivanka , Zvonarić Matija
Published: February 2025

Within the scientific research project ‘RubSuPave’, a large number of laboratory tests were carried out to investigate the addition of waste rubber (WR) to mixtures of a cement-bound base course (CBC) for pavement construction. For mixtures consisting of gravel aggregate, sand, cement (at 3%, 5%, and 7% by mass) and various sand replacements with WR (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% volume) additions, the compaction characteristics, compressive strength, and resistance to freezing and thawing (F/T) were determined. The results show that compressive strength is negatively affected by the addition of WR, while F/T resistance is improved, with mixtures containing 10–20% WR and 5% cement being optimal. The next step was transferring the knowledge gained into field conditions via the large-scale production of such mixtures in concrete plants and the construction of test fields. The CBC reference and WR mixtures (2% mass) were produced in two different concrete plants; the samples were compacted, and compressive strength and F/T resistance were tested. The CBC mixtures made in the first plant were used for the construction of the test field. The results and problems of mixture production in two different concrete plants are presented, along with the experiences of the construction of a test field with such a rubberised base course. The in-plant production of mixtures with 2% WR also resulted in a reduction in compressive strength and improved resistance to freezing, but these significantly values varied between plants. The main reasons for this are that the addition of WR causes issues due to its dosing and during its incorporation into the second plant, difficulty in achieving a homogenous mixture, and the subsequent maintenance of the concrete plant, implying that the technology should be adapted for large-scale production in future. The test field, with both the reference mixture and the WR mixture from the first plant, will be monitored further to determine its behaviour in real conditions.
Enhancing Indoor Localization with Room-to-Room Transition Time: A Multi-Dataset Study
Authors: Karabey Aksakalli Isil , Bayındır Levent
Published: February 2025

With the rapid advancement of network technologies and the widespread adoption of smart devices, the demand for efficient indoor localization and navigation systems has surged. Addressing the navigation challenge without requiring additional hardware is critical for the broad adoption of such technologies. Among various fingerprint-based systems—such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, or FM radio—Wi-Fi-based indoor positioning stands out as a practical solution, due to the pervasiveness of Wi-Fi infrastructure in public indoor spaces. This study introduces an ESP32-based data-collection tool designed to minimize offline training time for Wi-Fi fingerprinting, and it presents a novel dataset incorporating room-to-room transition time, which represents the time taken to move between rooms, alongside Wi-Fi signal strength data. The proposed approach focuses on room-level localization, leveraging Machine Learning (ML) models to predict the most likely room rather than precise (x, y) coordinates. To assess the effectiveness of this feature, three datasets were collected from different residential environments by three different individuals, enabling a comprehensive evaluation across multiple spatial layouts and movement patterns. The experimental results demonstrate that incorporating room-to-room transition time consistently enhanced localization performance across all the datasets, with accuracy improvements ranging from 1.17% to 12.47%, depending on the model and dataset. Notably, the Wide Neural Network model exhibited the highest improvement, achieving an accuracy increase from 82.37% to 94.77%, while the Ensemble-based methods such as Ensemble Bagged Trees also benefited significantly, reaching up to 93.17% accuracy. Despite varying gains across the datasets, the results confirm that integrating room-to-room transition time improves Wi-Fi-based indoor positioning by leveraging temporal movement patterns to enhance classification.
Variable Properties of Auditory Scene Analysis in Music
Authors: Rosiński Adam
Published: February 2025

This article explores the variable properties of auditory image analysis during the perception of musical works, which are influenced by the specific elements to which the listener directs their attention. Traditional analyses of musical compositions typically involve brief comparisons with auditory phenomena described in scientific studies, such as those by A.S. Bregman. However, these analyses are often limited, offering only a narrow perspective on the works. In contrast, the approach presented in this article extends the theories and experiments developed by Bregman and others, providing a more comprehensive understanding of entire compositions or selected sections rather than focusing solely on isolated passages. This broader framework enhances auditory image analysis and serves as a foundation for further research. The expanded analysis integrates within music theory, enabling a deeper exploration of musical structures, particularly in the context of perceiving multilayered music where multiple sound sources may share similar acoustic features. The author illustrates how acoustic and perceptual factors contribute to complex mental representations through graphic and musical examples. To substantiate the claims, classical works by composers such as F. Chopin, A. Guilmant, and J.S. Bach are analysed, further highlighting the variable properties of auditory image analysis.
Pandemic-Induced PR Dilemmas Faced by Airlines: A Thematic Analysis of Spirit Airlines’ Incident Response from USA
Authors: Jang Seong-Bin , Kim Minseong
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the public relations (PR) challenges faced by the airline industry during the COVID-19 pandemic, with Spirit Airlines as a focal case. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study analyzes a dataset of 344 LinkedIn online reviews and digital reactions to an incident where a family was removed from a Spirit Airlines flight after their two-year-old child refused to wear a mask. The case study highlights the complex PR challenges airlines face in balancing public health protocols with customer relations during health crises. Through thematic and sentiment analyses, this research identifies gaps in traditional crisis communication models, advocating for empathetic, transparent strategies that align with pandemic-related sensitivities. It underscores the need for specialized staff training to effectively manage such crises. The findings suggest that conventional PR strategies fall short in addressing the multifaceted nature of pandemic-induced crises, calling for a shift towards human-centered communication and robust stakeholder management. This study contributes to the discourse on crisis communication in the airline industry, offering actionable insights for balancing public health responsibilities with customer satisfaction. It calls for a reevaluation of established crisis communication frameworks, urging future research to explore more inclusive and adaptive PR practices in response to health emergencies.
Adaptability Analysis of Hollow Bricks with Phase-Change Materials Considering Thermal Performance and Cold Climate
Authors: Huang Yue , Alekhin Vladimir Nickolaevich , Hu Wentao , Pu Jinjin
Published: February 2025

Composite phase-change materials (PCMs) exhibit significant potential for enhancing the thermal performance of building walls. However, previous studies have generally lacked detailed investigations of the performance of PCM-integrated walls under cold climate conditions. Therefore, in order to evaluate the thermal performance and wall adaptability of hollow bricks with composite PCMs in cold climates, a brick model was created by filling the hollow bricks with PCMs. Then a comparative test was conducted between the PCM-filled bricks and the conventional non-PCM-filled hollow bricks. The comparative experimental method and the thermal performance index evaluation method resulted in the following: (1) Compared with conventional hollow bricks, PCM-filled bricks showed an increase of approximately 0.99 °C in inner surface temperature and 3.85 °C in midsection temperature. This demonstrates that PCM-filled bricks can retard the rate of temperature drop, significantly enhancing the insulation performance of walls. This improvement contributes to enhance indoor thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption. (2) The temperature difference between the interior and exterior surfaces of the non-PCM-filled hollow bricks is 23.54 °C, which is 5.62 °C higher than that of the PCM-filled bricks. This indicates that bricks filled with PCMs possess superior heat storage capacity, effectively reducing indoor heat loss, which aligns with the principles of green building design. (3) Compared with the conventional non-PCM-filled hollow bricks, the heat flow on the inner surface of the PCM-filled bricks is significantly lower, with the average heat flow reduced by 8.57 W/m2. This suggests the ability of bricks filled with PCMs to moderate heat flux fluctuations through a “peak-shaving and valley-filling” effect, contributing to reduced energy consumption and enhanced occupant thermal comfort.
Therapeutic Advances in Bladder Preservation for BCG-Unresponsive Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Lange Alyssa , Madiraju SriGita , Petros Firas G.
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) has long been the standard treatment for preventing recurrence and progression following resection of high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Unfortunately, recurrence or progression despite BCG induction and maintenance treatment have significant prevalence—a persistent issue in urologic oncology. Notable advancements in the development of alternative therapeutic options have become available and are in the pipeline. This review aims to provide an overview of the current treatment landscape for patients with BCG-unresponsive NMIBC, highlighting both existing and emerging therapies that are expected to become more widely available. Methods: A narrative review based on data collected through the end of 2024. Results: Several treatment options, aside from radical cystectomy (RC), are currently available or in promising stages of clinical trials. Many of these treatment modalities were granted Fast Track and Breakthrough Therapy status due to their initial success. These include novel chemotherapy regimens, immune checkpoint inhibitors, device-assisted therapies, and new intravesical and systemic agents. Combination therapies combining traditional treatments and newer approaches were explored. Conclusions: The next few years promise to offer patients a variety of new, effective therapies for BCG-unresponsive NMIBC. These advancements hold significant potential for improving patient outcomes and providing more targeted, organ-sparing treatment options.
Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Systematic Literature Review and State of the Art
Authors: Spadafora Marco , Paganelli Alessia , Raucci Margherita , Kaleci Shaniko , Peris Ketty , Guida Stefania , Pellacani Giovanni , Longo Caterina
Published: February 2025

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer globally, accounting for 20% to 50% of all skin cancers [...]
RAS-Beppu Classification: A New Recurrence Risk Classification System Incorporating the Beppu Score and RAS Status for Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Tajiri Takuya , Mima Kosuke , Beppu Toru , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Horino Taichi , Adachi Yuki , Imai Katsunori , Masuda Toshiro , Miyamoto Yuji , Iwatsuki Masaaki
Published: February 2025

Background: Preoperative recurrence risk stratification for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) undergoing hepatectomy is essential when designing a treatment strategy. We developed a Beppu classification system consisting of three risk groups and found that the RAS mutation increased risk in low- and moderate-risk patients. Methods: A total of 173 patients undergoing initial hepatectomy for CRLM between 2004 and 2020 were analyzed. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed. Patients in the low- and moderate-risk groups of the Beppu classification with RAS mutations were moved into the moderate- and high-risk groups, respectively, in the RAS-Beppu classification. Results: The DFS curves of the three risk groups in the Beppu and RAS-Beppu classification were significantly different. Five-year DFS rates were 57%, 31%, and 16% in the RAS-Beppu classification of low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups, respectively. With multivariate analysis, Beppu classifications (p = 0.0017) and RAS-Beppu classifications (p = 0.0002) were independent prognostic factors for DFS. The RAS-Beppu classification showed higher hazard ratios than the Beppu classification, as well as the genetic and morphological evaluation score and the modified clinical risk score, which include the RAS status. The hazard ratios in the RAS-Beppu classification were significant in all two-group comparisons (2.22 for moderate vs. low, 3.48 for high vs. low, and 1.70 for high vs. moderate). The multivariate analysis of OS showed benefits of the RAS-Beppu classification in the high- vs. low-risk and high- vs. moderate-risk comparisons. Conclusions: The RAS-Beppu classification using standard parameters is a novel suitable tool for predicting recurrence risk before liver resection.
A Cross-Sectional Survey of Oral Adverse Events and Oral Management Needs in Outpatients Receiving Cancer Drug Therapy
Authors: Sakai Yuki , Katsura Kouji , Kotake Masaaki , Toyama Akira
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and severity of oral adverse events in outpatients receiving cancer drug therapy and the need for oral management by medical professionals. Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among patients who received cancer drug therapy at our hospital between 1 and 30 September 2022. The incidence and severity of oral adverse events and the need for intervention by medical professionals were investigated. The risk factors for these events were also analyzed. Results: Of the 216 patients who answered the questionnaire, 127 (58.8%) experienced oral adverse events such as dysgeusia, oral mucositis, and xerostomia. Of the patients who experienced oral adverse events, 53.5% expressed that they wanted to improve their condition, 34.6% expressed that the adverse events affected their quality of life, and 26.8% wanted dental intervention. Thirty-two patients (25.2%) reported that the symptoms of these oral events were as severe as or more severe than those of other adverse events. The incidence of adverse oral events was significantly higher in patients treated with 5FU- and taxane-based regimens than in patients treated with other regimens. Conclusions: Our results suggest that cancer drug therapy, and the frequency and severity of oral adverse events, have a significant impact on the outpatients’ quality of life. More than a quarter of outpatients receiving cancer drug therapy wanted oral management through dental interventions. In particular, patients receiving 5FU-, taxane-, and anthracycline-based regimens may require oral management by medical professionals.
Cystic Fluid Total Proteins, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Lipid Metabolites, and Lymphocytes: Worrisome Biomarkers for Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms
Authors: Jafarnezhad-Ansariha Fahimeh , Contran Nicole , Cristofori Chiara , Simonato Manuela , Davanzo Veronica , Moz Stefania , Galozzi Paola , Fogar Paola , Nordi Evelyn , Padoan Andrea , Aita Ada , Fassan Matteo , Fantin Alberto , Sartori Anna , Sperti Cosimo , Correani Alessio , Carnielli Virgilio , Cogo Paola , Basso Daniela
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs), particularly intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), present a challenge for their potential malignancy. Despite promising biomarkers like CEA, amylase, and glucose, our study investigates whether metabolic indices in blood and cystic fluids (CFs), in addition to lymphocyte subsets and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), can effectively differentiate between high- and low-risk PCNs. Materials and Methods: A total of 26 patients (11 males, mean age 69.5 ± 9 years) undergoing Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Fine Needle Aspiration were consecutively enrolled. Analyses included blood, serum, and CF, assessing glucose, CEA, cholesterol (total, HDL, and LDL), and total proteins. Flow cytometry examined immunophenotyping in peripheral blood and cystic fluids. Mass spectrometry was used for the metabolomic analysis of CF. Sensitivity, specificity, and ROC analyses evaluated discriminatory power. Results: A total of 25 out of 26 patients had IPMN. Patients were categorized as low or high risk based on multidisciplinary evaluation of clinical, radiological, and endoscopic data. High-risk patients showed lower CF total proteins and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.005 and p = 0.031), with a marked reduction in CF lymphocytes (p = 0.005). HSCPs were absent in CF. In blood, high-risk patients showed increased non-MHC-restricted cytotoxic T cells (p = 0.019). The metabolomic analysis revealed significantly reduced middle and long-chain acyl carnitines (AcCa) and tryptophan metabolites in high-risk patients. ROC curves indicated comparable discriminant abilities for CF lymphocytes (AUC 0.868), CF total proteins (AUC 0.859), and CF LDL cholesterol (AUC 0.795). The highest performance was achieved by the AcCa 14:2 and 16:0 (AUC: 0.9221 and 0.8857, respectively). Conclusions: CF levels of glucose, CEA, LDL cholesterol, and total proteins together with lymphocyte counts are easy translational biomarkers that may support risk stratification of PCNs in IPMN patients and might be endorsed by metabolomic analysis. Further studies are required for potential clinical integration.
TP53 Deficiency in the Natural History of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ofner Heidemarie , Kramer Gero , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Hassler Melanie R.
Published: February 2025

Prostate cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men, with advanced stages posing significant treatment challenges due to high morbidity and mortality. Among genetic alterations, TP53 mutations are among the most prevalent in cancers and are strongly associated with poor clinical outcomes and therapeutic resistance. This review investigates the role of TP53 mutations in prostate cancer progression, prognosis, and therapeutic development. A comprehensive analysis of preclinical and clinical studies was conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms, clinical implications, and potential therapeutic approaches associated with TP53 alterations in prostate cancer. TP53 mutations are highly prevalent in advanced stages, contributing to genomic instability, aggressive tumor phenotypes, and resistance to standard treatments. Emerging evidence supports the utility of liquid biopsy techniques, such as circulating tumor DNA analysis, for detecting TP53 mutations, providing prognostic value and facilitating early intervention strategies. Novel therapeutic approaches targeting TP53 have shown promise in preclinical settings, but their clinical efficacy requires further validation. Overall, TP53 mutations represent a critical biomarker for disease progression and therapeutic response in prostate cancer. Advances in detection methods and targeted therapies hold significant potential to improve outcomes for patients with TP53-mutated prostate cancer. Further research is essential to integrate TP53-based strategies into routine clinical practice.
On a Crystal Chemical Vision on Niobium-Based Superconducting Intermetallics: A Brief Overview
Authors: Priinits Taimo , Vargunin Artjom , Liivand Aleksandr
Published: February 2025

The present report focuses on the close interplay between condensed matter physics and solid-state chemistry in Nb-based binary intermetallic compounds. Over the recent four decades, these materials have been widely used in the development of a number of superconducting applications and various superconducting devices, including non-standard engineering solutions in the design of large magnets. However, since the 1980s, when it became apparent that the mechanical and superior superconducting properties of ordered intermetallic alloys such as Nb3Sn were largely due to their unique structural features, much of the research interest in the science of superconducting intermetallic alloys has been redirected to the development of necessary engineering applications in high magnetic field technology. Accordingly, the important role of crystal chemistry in understanding the fundamental aspects of the material properties of the Nb3Sn family of intermetallics has not been extensively explored. In this paper, we try to fill this gap by investigating the relationships between composition, microstructure and properties, highlighting their relevance to technological applications. Our goal is to combine aspects of crystal chemistry with physical and material application issues. We shed light on the atomic assembly mechanisms and processes in terms of changes in the chemical environment, lattice structure, crystallization pathway, and macroscale phase textures, which can help in interpreting and explaining the prospects and limitations of the superconducting properties of Nb3Sn. In the context of past and present prospects and limitations, we briefly overview most important technological applications and discuss the various inter-relations between superconductivity and structural properties of Nb-based A-15 intermetallic alloys. We argue that these inter-relations can be used to find Nb-based superconductors with more superior properties and stronger technological usability.
Investigation of the Electrical Properties of Polycrystalline Crednerite CuMn1−xMgxO2 (x = 0–0.06)-Type Materials in a Low-Frequency Field
Authors: Malaescu Iosif , Poienar Maria , Marin Catalin N.
Published: February 2025

CuMn1−xMgxO2 (x = 0–0.06) polycrystalline samples were prepared using the hydrothermal method at T = 100 °C for 24 h in Teflon-line stainless steel autoclaves. The samples were crystallized, forming crednerite structures (C2/m space group), and the Mg2+ substitution onto the Mn3+ site induced small changes in the unit cell parameters and volume. Based on complex impedance measurements made between 20 Hz and 2 MHz, at different concentrations of Mg ions (x), the electrical conductivity (σ), the electric modulus (M), and the complex dielectric permittivity (ε) were determined. The conductivity spectrum, σ(f, x), follows the Jonscher universal law and enables the determination of the static conductivity (σDC) of the samples. The results showed that, when increasing the concentration x from 0 to 6%, σDC varied from 15.36 × 10−5 S/m to 16.42 × 10−5 S/m, with a minimum of 4.85 × 10−5 S/m found at a concentration of x = 4%. Using variable range hopping (VRH) and correlated barrier hopping (CBH) theoretical models, the electrical mechanism in the samples was explained. The band gap energy (Wm), charge carrier mobility (μ), number density (NC) of effective charge carriers, and hopping frequency (ωh) were evaluated at different concentrations (x) of substitution with Mg. In addition, using measurements of the temperature dependence of σDC(T) between 300 and 400 K, the thermal activation energy (EA) of the samples was evaluated. Additionally, the dielectric behavior of the samples was explained by the interfacial relaxation process. This knowledge of the electrical properties of the CuMn1−xMgxO2 (x = 0–0.06) polycrystalline crednerite is of interest for their use in photocatalytic, electronic, or other applications.
Evidence-Based Recommendations on the Use of Immunotherapies and Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment of Male Reproductive Cancers
Authors: Khalid Farhan , Bodla Zubair Hassan , Gaddameedi Sai Rakshith , Macasaet Raymart , Yagnik Karan , Niaz Zahra , Fish Peter N. , Du Doantrang , Shah Shazia
Published: February 2025

The incidence of male reproductive cancers, including prostate, testicular, and penile cancers, has risen in recent years, raising important health concerns. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men, while penile cancer, though rare, typically affects men over 60. Testicular cancer, with a lifetime risk of about 0.4% in men, is most common among adolescents and young adults, decreasing sharply after the age of 40. Traditional treatments include chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and combinations thereof, but advancements in immunotherapy and monoclonal antibodies are showing promising results, particularly for genitourinary cancers. These therapies, targeting immune checkpoints and tumor-specific antigens, are gaining traction as effective alternatives for resistant cases. This review provides evidence-based recommendations on current and emerging immunotherapy and monoclonal antibody treatments for male reproductive cancers, highlighting future directions to optimize patient outcomes.
Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi in the Arid Desert Ecosystems of Kuwait: Detection and Identification from Perennial Native Grass Roots
Authors: Madouh Tareq , Suleiman Majda , Quoreshi Ali. , Davidson Merlin
Published: February 2025

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) play a key role in enduring stresses in desert ecosystems, as they enhance the moisture and nutrient supply to desert plants. An investigation was carried out to detect the existence of AMF in the root regions of five perennial native desert grasses of Kuwait (Cenchrus ciliaris L., Cenchrus setigerus Vahl, Lasiurus scindicus Henrard, Pennisetum divisum (Forssk.) Henr., and Panicum turgidum Forssk.) in comparison with a non-native grass (Panicum virgatum L.). The native plants, C. setigerus and P. divisum had the highest colonization (100%) with vesicles, followed by P. turgidum (90%). The colonization of arbuscules was highest in the non-native grass, P. virgatum (60%), followed by C. setigerus (50%). Phylogenetic analysis for molecular identification to determine the genetic diversity of the AMF community in association with the native plant roots of the two dominant desert species, i.e., L. scindicus and P. turgidum, against P. virgatum, revealed a rich diversity. The AMF, Claroideoglomus lamellosum, and Rhizophagus sp. were identified from L. scindicus roots, Rhizophagus iranicus from P. turgidum roots, and Claroideoglomus lamellosum, from the non-native grass, P. virgatum, with almost 98–100% sequence similarity, indicating a significant difference between the mycorrhizal species in the nativity of grasses. This research confirms the diversity of AMF associated with native desert plants and emphasizes their symbiosis and host specificity. Thus, this study provides insight into AMF community structures, functions, and profiling, allowing us to understand their ecological and economic impacts, and ultimately implement strategies for sustainable biodiversity, productivity, and ecosystem management.
Fetal Hydrops: Genetic Dissection of an Unspecific Sonographic Finding—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mastromoro Gioia , Guadagnolo Daniele , De Luca Alessandro , Rongioletti Mauro Ciro Antonio , Pizzuti Antonio
Published: February 2025

Fetal hydrops is defined as the presence of abnormal fluid collections in two or more intra-fetal compartments. It has been classified based on etiology (immune vs. non-immune), on the presence or absence of other findings (isolated vs. non-isolated) and on the gestational age at presentation (first-, second- or third-trimester). In all cases of non-immune hydrops fetalis, invasive prenatal diagnosis is offered. However, after cytogenetic analyses, 80% of fetuses remain without etiological diagnosis, not allowing one to define the prognosis and to formulate recurrence risks. Several geneticists recommend performing either a next-generation sequencing panel (commonly limited to RASopathy testing) or exome sequencing, if cytogenetic tests are inconclusive. In the literature, the data are extremely heterogeneous, due to the differences in these indications and the limitation of study to a select group of genes. The identification of the underlying cause is crucial, as prognostic information and even therapy options are becoming increasingly available for a wide and growing array of genetic conditions. A systematic approach would allow an overall evaluation of the diagnostic rate of the exome sequencing in fetal effusions, also calculating the prevalence of associated diseases, with the aim of obtaining a diagnosis, defining the most appropriate management for each case, and broadening the spectrum of conditions known to be associated with hydrops.
An Assessment of Deep Learning’s Impact on General Dentists’ Ability to Detect Alveolar Bone Loss in 2D Intraoral Radiographs
Authors: AlGhaihab Amjad , Moretti Antonio J. , Reside Jonathan , Tuzova Lyudmila , Tyndall Donald A.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objective: Deep learning (DL) technology has shown potential in enhancing diagnostic accuracy in dentomaxillofacial radiology, particularly for detecting carious lesions, apical lesions, and periodontal bone loss. However, its effect on general dentists’ ability to detect radiographic bone loss (RBL) in clinical practice remains unclear. This study investigates the impact of the Denti.AI DL technology on general dentists’ ability to identify bone loss in intraoral radiographs, addressing this gap in the literature. Methods: Ten dentists from the university’s dental clinics independently assessed 26 intraoral radiographs (periapical and bitewing) for bone loss using a Likert scale probability index with and without DL assistance. The participants viewed images on identical monitors with controlled lighting. This study generated 3940 data points for analysis. The statistical analyses included receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under the curve (AUC), and ANOVA tests. Results: Most dentists showed minor improvement in detecting bone loss on periapical radiographs when using DL. For bitewing radiographs, only a few dentists showed minor improvement. Overall, the difference in diagnostic accuracy between evaluations with and without DL was minimal (0.008). The differences in AUC for periapical and bitewing radiographs were 0.031 and −0.009, respectively, and were not statistically significant. Conclusions: This study found no statistically significant improvement in experienced dentists’ diagnostic accuracy for detecting bone loss in intraoral radiographs when using Denti.AI deep learning technology.
The #BookTok Connection: Examining Cultural and Linguistic Identity Expression in Online Reading Communities
Authors: Jerasa Sarah Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

#BookTok, the TikTok sub-community for readers, has reshaped publishing and digital reading trends where marginalized readers find space to promote diverse books and stories beyond mainstream norms. This paper explores how three international #BookTokers with diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds have found community, identity, and activism within this space, highlighting #BookTok’s role in fostering inclusive and affirming literary communities amidst rising censorship challenges. This case study used thematic analysis to analyze participant interviews through open and axial coding to explore #BookTok engagement, framed through affinity spaces, transformative potential, and critical digital pedagogies. #BookTok fosters belonging by connecting readers through niche interests, with the algorithm curating content aligned with identities. Participants reported shifts in reading behaviors and identities, with multilingual users expanding language repertoires to access and engage with diverse, identity-affirming texts. Content creation deepened connections, enabling advocacy for equity and justice. #BookTok is experienced as an affirming community where diverse texts and content creation can foster critical connections and promote justice-oriented actions beyond personal enjoyment of reading.
Research on Generating Naked-Eye 3D Display Content Based on AIGC
Authors: Xu Zixian , Zhao Wuxiang , Zong Jiaying , Li Xiaowei
Published: February 2025

The lack of three-dimensional (3D) display content has posed significant obstacles to the widespread adoption and development of the industry. However, with the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), Artificial-Intelligence-Generated Content (AIGC) is being increasingly applied to efficient 3D modeling workflows. his paper leverages mainstream AIGC 3D modeling techniques to efficiently create naked-eye 3D display content, focusing on exploring methods for producing such content using AIGC. Unlike traditional approaches, which often rely on extensive datasets or real-world data points, this research addresses the need for flexible and scalable methods to generate 3D subject-and-scene models with fewer data requirements, improving efficiency and lowering the entry barriers for content creation. First, this paper reviews the background and key techniques of AIGC in 3D model creation. Then, it presents several mainstream AIGC methods for generating subject-based 3D models and scene-based 3D models, analyzing and summarizing the strengths and limitations of each through a comparative evaluation of the modeling results. Additionally, this paper examines two workflows: text-to-3D and text-to-2D-image-to-3D, highlighting how different workflows impact 3D content generation. Finally, experiments converting 3D models into 3D display content validate the effectiveness of these methods, aiming to provide valuable insights for the production of naked-eye 3D display content.