bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of the Effectiveness of Monte Carlo-Based Data Sets with the Simplified Approach for Shielding Design of a Laboratory with the Therapeutic Level Proton Beam
Authors: Lai Bo-Lun , Chang Szu-Li , Sheu Rong-Jiun
Published: April 2022

Background: There are several proton therapy facilities in operation or planned in Taiwan, and these facilities are anticipated to not only treat cancer but also provide beam services to the industry or academia. The simplified approach based on the Monte Carlo-based data sets (source terms and attenuation lengths) with the point-source line-of-sight approximation is friendly in the design stage of the proton therapy facilities because it is intuitive and easy to use. The purpose of this study is to expand the Monte Carlo-based data sets to allow the simplified approach to cover the application of proton beams more widely.Materials and Methods: In this work, the MCNP6 Monte Carlo code was used in three simulations to achieve the purpose, including the neutron yield calculation, Monte Carlo-based data sets generation, and dose assessment in simple cases to demonstrate the effectiveness of the generated data sets.Results and Discussion: The consistent comparison of the simplified approach and Monte Carlo simulation results show the effectiveness and advantage of applying the data set to a quick shielding design and conservative dose assessment for proton therapy facilities.Conclusion: This study has expanded the existing Monte Carlo-based data set to allow the simplified approach method to be used for dose assessment or shielding design for beam services in proton therapy facilities. It should be noted that the default model of the MCNP6 is no longer the Bertini model but the CEM (cascade-exciton model), therefore, the results of the simplified approach will be more conservative when it was used to do the double confirmation of the final shielding design.
Issues in Replication and Stability of Least-cost Path Calculations
Authors: Herzog Irmela
Published: April 2022

An important and frequently used tool in archaeological spatial analysis is least-cost path (LCP) analysis to compute routes connecting a set of targets. The outcome depends on the cost model chosen and the topographic data used. A slope-dependent cost model requires a digital elevation model (DEM) that should reflect the landscape in the past. It is often impossible to reconstruct the past terrain, and modern high-resolution elevation data results in problematic storage requirements and computation times. This article presents a case study that explores issues in replication and stability of LCP calculations for pairs of targets that are close to known old trade routes. A large number of cost models is tested based on two topographic data sets, including DEMs of two different resolutions (25 m and 50 m). The cost models use six different slope-dependent cost functions suggested by various authors for pedestrian movement. Moreover, a slope-dependent cost function is applied that results in LCPs including hairpin curves if the slope exceeds a predefined critical value. It is shown that the best-performing LCP sets for the two topographic data sets are closely related but not identical. Moreover, reasons for the failure of LCP reconstructions for some old route sections are discussed.
Educación, cine y telesecundaria
Authors: Tapia Sierra Javier
Published: April 2022

Este artículo analiza los cambios producidos dentro del plantel de la telesecundaria Tlamachcalli, en el municipio de Puente de Ixtla, Morelos, debido la incorporación de un cineclub académico. Dicho cineclub, perteneciente a la Red de Cineclubes Comunitarios de Morelos (RCCM), permite analizar la configuración de un espacio estético y el desarrollo de competencias sociales que emergen a partir de reflexiones sobre contenidos cinematográficos. Al desmenuzar las características de dicho espacio estético, este estudio reflexiona sobre la importancia de valores comunitarios como la empatía, solidaridad y tolerancia.
La lúdica: herramienta para fortalecer la convivencia escolar
Authors: Arroyave Taborda Leisy Magdali , Restrepo Segura Yusty  Carolina , Pino Montoya Jose Wilmar , Valencia Ospina Laura Andrea
Published: April 2022

Este artículo surge desde el proyecto de investigación Implementación de la ruta de atención de convivencia para proponer estrategias de prevención del bullying y la construcción de paz en las instituciones educativas del municipio de la Estrella y presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre el papel de la lúdica en la convivencia escolar. El objetivo principal fue describir las estrategias implementadas por los docentes para evidenciar la pertinencia de la lúdica en la convivencia. Se realizó desde un enfoque cualitativo, de acuerdo con un paradigma hermenéutico y con alcance interpretativo. La población fueron niños y niñas matriculados en los grados tercero a quinto de primaria, así como docentes y directivos. Se encontró que las situaciones de discriminación están presentes en las aulas de educación básica primaria. Por tanto, el rol del docente y su intervención temprana son fundamentales. Se llegó a la conclusión de que, a fin de que se reduzcan los conflictos escolares, es necesaria la intervención lúdico-pedagógica y el trabajo articulado entre la escuela y la familia desde la educación inicial.
The Caged-Ball Prosthesis 60 Years Later: A Historical Review of a Cardiac Surgery Milestone
Authors: De Martino Andrea , Milano Aldo D. , Barbera Mila Della , Thiene Gaetano , Bortolotti Uberto
Published: April 2022

Sixty years ago, 2 cardiac operations dramatically influenced the survival of patients with valvular heart disease. The replacement of an aortic valve by Dwight Harken and of a mitral valve by Albert Starr with mechanical caged-ball valves, both in 1960, was a true milestone in the history of cardiac surgery and the beginning of a long journey toward prosthetic valve replacement full of expectations, hopes, and dreams fulfilled. Caged-ball prostheses underwent numerous modifications in design and materials to improve reliability and prevent specific mechanical and thrombogenic complications. Clinical and pathologic experience gained during the past 6 decades has enabled the development of safe, durable, and minimally thrombogenic mechanical prostheses.
Magnetic Properties of Hybrid Inorganic-organic Flexible Nanofibers
Authors: Hussein Omar A. , Mubarak T.H. , Ibrahim Isam M.
Published: April 2022

Polypyrrole nanofibers (PPy-NFs) had prepared via chemical oxidation of pyrrole monomer by Iron (III) chloride in the presence of methyl orange. As well as, Nanomagnetic particles of Co0.8Mn0.2Fe2O4 and Zn0.8Mn0.2Fe2O4 had synthesized by the hydrothermal autoclave reactor after use co-precipitation technique. The PPy-NFs nanocomposite that obtained from decorating of PPy-NFs with Nanomagnetic particles. The XRD studied showed that the (PPy-NFs) is non-crystalline and the average crystallite size of Co0.8Mn0.2Fe2O4 and Zn0.8Mn0.2Fe2O4 were 8.54 and 14.47 nm respectively. These two belong to single phase cubic spinel. FESEM studies exhibit that PPy has a nanofibers structure with distinct diameters and most the magnetic nanoparticles had homogeneous distribution and had sphere form. The saturation magnetization (Ms) increased with increasing ferrite content in the nanocomposite samples, according to magnetic hysteresis loop measurements. As its increases in pure ferrite samples by increases cobalt ions. The Ms Values of Co0.8Mn0.2Fe2O4, Zn0.8Mn0.2Fe2O4 and PPy-NFs were 41.15 emu/g, 10.13 emu/g and 14.95 emu/g respectively.
Potensi Pengembangan TOD di Kota Medan: Studi Kasus di Stasiun Medan
Authors: Adriana Martina Cecilia
Published: April 2022

Transit Oriented Development (TOD) merupakan suatu perencanaan berkelanjutan yang dapat mengatasi permasalahan urban sprawl dan kemacetan di kawasan perkotaan. Dengan mengintegrasikan antara kebutuhan transportasi serta efisiensi lahan perkotaan, TOD dapat menciptakan penggunaan ruang campur, berkepadatan tinggi di Kota Medan yang memprioritaskan penggunaan angkutan umum untuk perjalanan jarak jauh dan sepeda atau berjalan kaki untuk perjalanan jarak dekat. Kawasan Stasiun Medan merupakan satu – satunya TOD Kota dari 13 recana TOD yang ditetapkan dalam Rencana Detail Tata Ruang Kota Medan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur potensi eksisting kawasan Stasiun Medan sebagai TOD. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan menghitung TOD indeks dari indikator – indikator utama yang menjadi inti dalam perancangan kawasan TOD. Analisis dilakukan secara spasial dalam radius 500 m dengan menggunakan software GIS. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa belum optimalnya kawasan Stasiun Medan sebagai TOD Kota. Kepadatan di kawasan Stasiun Medan hanya 126,5 Jiwa/Ha, jauh dibawah ketentuan yang telah ditetapkan. Indeks keberagaman guna lahan serta tingkat pembauran guna lahan belum optimal masing - masing 0,65 serta dan 0,89, mengindikasikan fungsi lahan yang belum terdistribusi secara merata. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari proporsi guna lahan yang juga belum memenuhi syarat yang ditetapkan. Konektivitas dan aktivitas yang tinggi di Stasiun Medan saja belum mampu dalam menciptakan ruang yang seimbang, sehingga diperlukan suatu upaya – upaya untuk merealisasikannya seperti menetapkan peraturan detail dasar perancangan maupun mengarahkan pembangunan yang bersifat campur serta vertikal.
Rethinking the *-s suffix in Old Chinese: with new evidence from Situ Rgyalrong
Authors: Zhang Shuya
Published: April 2022

This paper re-examines previous hypotheses claiming the primacy of a perfect(ive) value in certain qusheng (*-s) derivations (in particular nominalization) in Old Chinese. First, it revisits examples previously cited as having been derived from the perfect(ive), and proposes to re-classify them as resulting from three different derivational processes, nominalization, verb argument demotion, and adverbialization. Second, it focuses on Sino-Tibetan comparative data, in particular from Situ Rgyalrong, a language with severe isomorphism across four -s suffixes. Then, on the basis of morphological (especially stem changes) and syntactic criteria, it sorts out the relationship between the different -s suffixes in Situ, while suggesting multiple sources to account for the diverse functions of qusheng (*-s) in Old Chinese.
Swimming exercise improves SIRT1, NF-κB, and IL–1β protein levels and pancreatic tissue injury in ovariectomized diabetic rats
Authors: Habibi Parisa , Ahmadiasl Nasser , Nourazarian Alireza , Yousefi Hadi
Published: April 2022

Objectives

In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of swimming exercise on the SIRT1, NF-κB, IL-1β protein levels, and pancreatic tissue damage in an ovariectomized diabetic rat model based on the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise.

Methods

Forty mature female Wistar rats were purchased and divided into sham (n=10) and OVX (bilateral ovariectomy) (n=30) groups. The ovariectomized rats were divided into 1-OVX, 2-ovariectomized diabetic (OVX.D), 3-OVX.D + exercise (OVX.D. E). After surgical recovery, animals in the diabetic group received a high-fat diet for one month. Swimming exercise (1 h/day) was performed concurrently with the start of the HFD diet for eight weeks. At the end of the high-fat diet, streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. At the end of the second month, pancreatic tissue was collected from the animals after deep anesthesia for molecular evaluation and histology by Western blotting and hematoxylin-eosin, respectively.

Results

Swimming exercise significantly decreased inflammatory cytokines and tissue damage, and this decrease in cytokine expression appears to be associated with SIRT1 expression. The increase in SIRT1 by training was associated with decreased NF-κB-p65 and IL–1β expression and preventing tissue damage. Induction of diabetes in the ovariectomized group (OVX.D) resulted in a significant increase in NF-κB-p65 and IL–1β proteins and a decrease in the expression of SIRT1 compared with the sham group. However, swimming training significantly reversed these effects compared with the OVX.D group.

Conclusions

Increased inflammation of β-cells impairs insulin secretion in estrogen insufficiency. Swimming exercise eliminates inflammation in post-menopausal diabetes and supports the potential to prevent pancreatic activity after menopause.
Eine Zeitung in drei Jahrhunderten: Digitalisierung des Darmstädter Tagblatts
Authors: Stegmeier Jörn , Günther Anne-Christine , Hammer Angela , Müller Marcus , Stäcker Thomas
Published: April 2022

Anhand des von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) geförderten Projekts „Digitalisierung des Darmstädter Tagblatts“ (DDAT) wird ein Workflow für die Digitalisierung komplexer und umfangreicher Periodika vorgestellt. Das Projekt wird in Kollaboration zwischen der Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt (ULB) und dem Institut für Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaften der Technischen Universität Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt) durchgeführt. Die Arbeitsschritte umfassen dabei die Bild-Erstellung vom Original, die digitale Weiterverarbeitung bis hin zum maschinenlesbaren Volltext mit linguistischen Basisannotationen, die öffentlich zugängliche Präsentation im Internet und die ausführliche Recherche nach Rechteinhabern einzelner Artikel und Fotografien wie sie in §§ 61 ff. UrhG vorgeschrieben ist („sorgfältige Suche“).
Stabilization of a 1-D transmission problem for the Rayleigh beam and string with localized frictional damping
Authors: Hong Gimyong , Hong Hakho
Published: April 2022

We are concerned with the stability of a 1-D coupled Rayleigh beam-string transmission system.
We obtain the polynomial decay rate

t

-
1

{t^{-1}}

or the exponential decay rate for the given transmission
system whether the frictional damping is only effective in the beam part or the string part, respectively.
This paper generalizes the recent result in
[Y.-F. Li, Z.-J. Han and G.-Q. Xu,
Explicit decay rate for coupled string-beam system with localized frictional damping,
Appl. Math. Lett. 78 2018, 51–58].
The main ingredient of the proof is some careful analysis for the Rayleigh beam and string transmission system.
ProACT in the management of stress urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. What happens after 8 years of follow up? monocentric analysis in 42 patients
Authors: Bada Maida , Crocetto Felice , Barone Biagio , Arcaniolo Davide , Rapisarda Sebastiano , Aliberti Antonio , Zeccolini Guglielmo , Celia Antonio
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Stress urinary incontinence is defined by a complaint of any involuntary loss of urine on effort or physical exertion or on sneezing or coughing and represents a major complication after radical prostatectomy. According to surgical technique, incidence of post-prostatectomy incontinence varies from open (7–39.5%), laparoscopic (5–33.3%) or robotic-assisted (4–31%) approaches. The ProACT® device (Uromedica, Inc., MN) is a possible surgical option for the treatment of this condition.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed surgical records of consecutive patients underwent ProACT® implantation in our department between January 2006 to November 2010. We collected data at 6 and 12 months after surgical approach about the daily pad use, International Prostatic Symptoms Score and its quality of life domain.

Results

42 patients were included in the final analysis. Most patients (92.9%) received minimally invasive surgery for treating prostate cancer. During the follow up after 6 and 12 months, the daily pad, International Prostatic Symptom Score and its quality of life domain significantly improved compared to preoperative outcomes. The logistic regression analysis found that presence of comorbidities was the only predictive factor of low satisfaction rate (PGE-I > 2) in patients who underwent ProACT® implant.

Conclusions

ProACT® implant represents an effective and safe treatment for post-prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence with a high satisfaction degree and a low rate of complications.
Psychological impact of abnormally invasive placenta: an underestimated and hidden morbidity
Authors: Crocetto Felice , Barone Biagio , Bonito Elvira , Maggi Martina , Caputo Vincenzo F. , di Girolamo Antonio , Trama Francesco , di Spiezio Sardo Attilio , Zizolfi Brunella
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To evaluate anxiety and psychological impact of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) diagnosis during pregnancy.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey study was performed to assess the psychological response of pregnant women with an antenatally AIP diagnosis. The psychological impact was measured through a visual analogue scale (VAS) for anxiety, which ranged from 0 (not at all anxious) to 100 (extremely anxious) and was referred to three questions: (1) How anxious were you the first time they counselled you about AIP?; (2) How anxious were you the day of the planned cesarean delivery in terms of morbidity/mortality?; (3) How anxious were you in terms of future sexual activities?

Results

48 singleton pregnancies that underwent planned cesarean hysterectomy for AIP, met the inclusion criteria and were surveyed for the study. Mean VAS was 41.6 ± 25.6, with 47.9% of women with VAS >50 for question 1 (p=0.015). Mean VAS was 52.9 ± 19.1, with 75.0% of women with VAS >50 for question 2 (p=0.02). Mean VAS was 49.6 ± 20.4, with 83.3% of women with VAS >50 for question 3 (p=0.006).

Conclusions

More than half of pregnant women with an antenatally AIP diagnosis reported a high VAS score regarding anxiety, in particular when morbidity/mortality and long-term consequences on sexual activities were analyzed. Our findings could be used to formulate timely psychological interventions to improve mental health and psychological resilience in women with AIP.
Luke 22:43-44 and the Mormon Jesus: Protestant Past, KJV-Only Present
Authors: Adamson Grant
Published: April 2022

Joseph Smith’s interpretation of the Lukan agony in the garden fits with Anglophone Protestant commentaries that were popular during his day. In the Book of Mormon and the Doctrine and Covenants (D&C), the Lukan sweat-like-blood simile is understood as if literal, and Jesus atones in Gethsemane. This was standard fare in exegesis in England and America in the late 1600s, 1700s, and early 1800s. What Smith did was re-cast common interpretation as prophetic and dominical while probably defending the verses, known to be absent from the other Gospels and sometimes suspected to be an interpolation into Luke. On the golden plates of the Book of Mormon, he had an ancient Amerindian prophet-king named Benjamin predict Jesus’ hemorrhage more than a hundred years in advance, and he had none other than the risen Christ verify it in a direct revelation in D&C 19. These references to Luke 22:43–44 in Smith’s extra-biblical writings have created a further apologetic imperative to defend his defense of the Bible, one reason for the LDS Church’s King James Version onlyism.
Corpus literacy empowerment: taking stock of research to look forward for practice
Authors: Li Shuquan , Xu Manfei
Published: April 2022

Over the past decades, corpus linguistics, as an approach to the study of language, has attracted much attention. Applications of its method and various corpus resources have been made in the field of language education as well. However, research in corpus linguistics has not yet been sufficiently converted into a language teacher training perspective especially in the primary and secondary education settings. We therefore call for the development of the corpus literacy of EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teachers as part of their continuous professional development. In support of this call, we examine, from the perspective of a teacher educator, a tentative teacher training model based on the published literature, for student teacher trainees and in-service English practitioners. This paper also offers detailed instructions on how to facilitate the teaching of vocabulary, grammar and discourse with free and user-friendly corpus tools (i.e., SKELL, VersaText and AntConc) in pre-tertiary language classrooms. Some pedagogical implications of the cultivation of EFL teachers’ corpus literacy and major concerns when implementing corpus-based language teaching and learning are also discussed.
A comparative study of perceptions and experiences of online Chinese language learners in China and the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wang Yanlin , Zhan Hong , Liu Shijuan
Published: April 2022

This study compared the perceptions and experiences of 173 students studying Chinese as a foreign language in universities online during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and the United States. Controlling students’ previous diversity of Chinese course delivery modes across countries and Chinese language levels, three two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were conducted to compare differences among three dependent variables: 1) satisfaction towards online classes; 2) self-perceived learning effectiveness online versus onsite; and 3) willingness to take a virtual Chinese course in the future. The results did not find statistical significances regarding students’ satisfaction and willingness across countries and language levels. However, the results found students in the United States (US) viewed online classes as significantly less effective than learning in-person, which was different from the views of students in China. The Pearson correlation analysis indicated that there were positive correlations among these three variables. Pearson chi-squared tests found that, significantly, students in the US preferred to take Chinese courses in-person. Pearson’s chi-squared tests on categories formed from the three open-ended questions highlighted the importance of four factors influencing the success of students’ online classes: technology, emotion and motivation, learning productivity, and teaching presence. Pedagogical recommendations are discussed.
Genome-wide expression reveals potential biomarkers in breast cancer bone metastasis
Authors: Singh Yashbir , Subbarao Naidu , Jaimini Abhinav , Hathaway Quincy A. , Kunovac Amina , Erickson Bradley , Swarup Vishnu , Singh Himanshu Narayan
Published: April 2022

Breast cancer metastases are most commonly found in bone, an indication of poor prognosis. Pathway-based biomarkers identification may help elucidate the cellular signature of breast cancer metastasis in bone, further characterizing the etiology and promoting new therapeutic approaches. We extracted gene expression profiles from mouse macrophages from the GEO dataset, GSE152795 using the GEO2R webtool. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtered by log2 fold-change with threshold 1.5 (FDR < 0.05). STRING database and Enrichr were used for GO-term analysis, miRNA and TF analysis associated with DEGs. Autodock Vienna was exploited to investigate interaction of anti-cancer drugs, Actinomycin-D and Adriamycin. Sensitivity and specificity of DEGs was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. A total of 61 DEGs, included 27 down-regulated and 34 up-regulated, were found to be significant in breast cancer bone metastasis. Major DEGs were associated with lipid metabolism and immunological response of tumor tissue. Crucial DEGs, Bcl3, ADGRG7, FABP4, VCAN, and IRF4 were regulated by miRNAs, miR-497, miR-574, miR-138 and TFs, CCDN1, STAT6, IRF8. Docking analysis showed that these genes possessed strong binding with the drugs. ROC analysis demonstrated Bcl3 is specific to metastasis. DEGs Bcl3, ADGRG7, FABP4, IRF4, their regulating miRNAs and TFs have strong impact on proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer in bone tissues. In conclusion, present study revealed that DEGs are directly involved in of breast tumor metastasis in bone tissues. Identified genes, miRNAs, and TFs can be possible drug targets that may be used for the therapeutics. However, further experimental validation is necessary.
Hessenberg factorization and firework algorithms for optimized data hiding in digital images
Authors: Gaata Methaq Talib , Younis Muhanad Tahrir , Hasoon Jamal N. , Mostafa Salama A.
Published: April 2022

Data hiding and watermarking are considered one of the most important topics in cyber security. This article proposes an optimized method for embedding a watermark image in a cover medium (color image). First, the color of the image is separated into three components (RGB). Consequently, the discrete wavelet transform is applied to each component to obtain four bands (high–high, high–low, low–high, and low–low), resulting in 12 bands in total. By omitting the low–low band from each component, a new square matrix is formed from the rest bands to be used for the hiding process after adding keys to it. These keys are generated using a hybrid approach, combining two chaotic functions, namely Gaussian and exponential maps. The embedding matrix is divided into square blocks with a specific length, each of which is converted using Hessenberg transform into two matrices, P and H. For each block, a certain location within the H-matrix is used for embedding a secret value; the updated blocks are assembled, and the reverse process is performed. An optimization method is applied, through the application of the firework algorithm, on the set of the initial values that generate keys. Using an optimization procedure to obtain keys requires performing lowest possible change rate in an image and maintain the quality of the image. To analyze and test the efficiency of the proposed method, mean-square error (MSE) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) measurements are calculated. Furthermore, the robustness of the watermark is computed by applying several attacks. The experimental results show that the value of the MSE is reduced by about 0.01 while the value of the PSNR is increased by about 1.25 on average. Moreover, the proposed method achieved a high-retrieval rate in comparison with the non-optimization approach.
L’anthroponyme mycénien wa-ra-qi-si-ro (KH X 7)
Authors: Alonso Déniz Alcorac
Published: April 2022

The Mycenaean personal name wa-ra-qi-si-ro has been interpreted as the older variant of wa-ra-pi-si-ro (PY, MY), but this hypothesis comes up against several phonetic problems. This paper proposes two alternative explanations of wa-ra-qi-si-ro: either /Wrakwsilos/, a clipping of *Wrakwsi-lāhos, compound of the root *u̯ergu̯-/*u̯regu̯- “throw” and *lāho- “stone”, or /Wrankwsilos/, a nickname derived from the adjective attested in later Greek ῥαμψός “crooked”.
The Iman touch: a coin legend in Phrygian
Authors: Adiego Ignasi-Xavier , Obrador-Cursach Bartomeu
Published: April 2022

This paper gathers sixteen unlisted coins from several auction catalogues with identical typology: a helmeted head (identified as Athena) on the obverse and a falcon inside a pelleted square on the reverse. Nine of them show the first coin legend in Phrygian identified so far: iman, a personal name. After the analysis of their iconography and legend, a location of the mint in Phrygia during the 5th or 4th century BC is suggested.
The cocrystal 2-(dimethylammonio)-5-nitrobenzoate – 2-(dimethylamino)-5-nitrobenzoic acid, C9H10N2O4
Authors: Cui Jianqiang , Men Jing , Liu Bin
Published: April 2022

C9H10N2O4, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.722(2) Å, b = 10.805(2) Å, c = 10.947(2) Å, α = 67.938(4)°, β = 66.250(4)°, γ = 72.978(4)°, V = 961.8(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0421, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1339, T = 173 K.
Friedrich Nietzsche: Cheerful Thinker and Writer. A Contribution to the Debate on Nietzsche’s Cheerfulness
Authors: Ansell-Pearson Keith , Serini Lorenzo
Published: April 2022

Cheerfulness or serenity (Heiterkeit) is one of the most important themes in Nietzsche’s philosophy. Throughout his writings, from first to last, he can be found wrestling with conceptions of cheerfulness and promoting a cheerful mode of philosophizing. Despite the importance and recurrence of the theme of cheerfulness in Nietzsche’s entire œuvre, there have been relatively few studies specifically devoted to it. An important debate on cheerfulness has recently taken place in the literature on Nietzsche between Robert Pippin and Lanier Anderson and Rachel Cristy. Both sides of the debate have explored Nietzsche’s practice of cheerfulness in direct relation to Montaigne. According to Pippin, Nietzsche never succeeds in writing with the kind of cheerfulness of Montaigne. In contrast, Anderson and Cristy have contended that both Nietzsche and Montaigne conceive of cheerfulness as a complex, non-naïve spiritual state or attitude that is to be cultivated through the practice of philosophy as a way of life. According to Anderson and Cristy, this is a deep form of love of life that both Nietzsche and Montaigne practice and perhaps achieve at least in part by and through writing. In this essay, we aim to contribute to this debate by offering a threefold argument. First, we argue that Nietzsche conceives of cheerfulness not only as a psychological ideal, as a desirable state or attitude of the spirit, but also as an aesthetic ideal, as a desirable quality or style of thinking and writing (sections 1–2). Second, we argue that, in addition to Montaigne, Ralph Waldo Emerson is an equally important but neglected influence on Nietzsche’s conception and practice of cheerfulness (section 2). Third, by reconstructing Nietzsche’s self-presentation as a cheerful thinker and writer in the 1886 prefaces and inEcce homo(1888), we conclude that it is possible to argue that starting from his middle writings Nietzsche thinks and writes cheerfully in some of his works, including a number of his most significant texts (section 3).
Die Geburt des Philologen aus dem Geiste der Schopenhauerschen Philosophie. Nietzsches AntrittsvorlesungÜber die Persönlichkeit Homers
Authors: Apollonio Simona
Published: April 2022

The Birth of the Philologist from the Spirit of Schopenhauer’s Philosophy. Nietzsche’s Inaugural LectureOn the Personality of Homer.This essay highlights Schopenhauer’s decisive and unexplored role in Nietzsche’sÜber die Persönlichkeit Homers(1869). Following Schopenhauer’s negative assessment of the study of history, Nietzsche criticizes F. A. Wolf’s organic systematization of the sciences of antiquity (inspired by Schelling and Hegel) and foregrounds the aesthetic dimension of philology. Contrary to Wolf, Nietzsche believes that historical investigation is subordinate to the essential pedagogical function of philology; and only through its aesthetic component can philology establish which literary works of antiquity are to be considered truly “classical.” The debate on the Homeric question after the publication of Wolf’sProlegomena ad Homerum(1795) illustrates that philologists have paradoxically become opponents and “destroyers” of the ideal of antiquity. Nietzsche shows how a methodological approach inspired by Schopenhauer’s philosophy can revive the relationship between philology and art. Nietzsche’s arguments to counter Wolf’s thesis about the problem of Homer’s personality implicitly rest on Schopenhauer’s aesthetics. In particular, through Schopenhauer’s conception of genius, Nietzsche rehabilitates the individuality of the poetic author of the Iliad and Odyssey, even though this poet does not correspond to the one referred to as “Homer” in antiquity.
Sustainability of ameliorative potentials of urea spiked poultry manure biochar types in simulated sodic soils
Authors: Oyeyiola Yetunde Bunmi , Adeosun Christianah Iyanuoluwa
Published: April 2022

Alkaline soil conditions are serious challenges to optimal crop production on irrigated farmlands in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Unique characteristics of biochar had been utilized in the amelioration of many problematic soils but its use in sodic soil management is not popular in Nigeria. Ameliorative effects of biochar types prepared from poultry manure co-pyrolyzed with or without urea fertilizer were evaluated on soil organic carbon and selected soil chemical characteristics of a simulated sodic soil. The results from the six weeks incubation trial revealed the ability of the biochar types to reduce soil pH from the initial 10.38 to 7.91–10.29 in high sodic (HS) and from initial 9.70 to a range of 7.51–8.39 in low sodic (LS) soil situations compared to 9.88 (HS) and 6.82 (LS) in sole urea treated soil. This accounted for up to 51 and 57% reduction in exchangeable sodium content and percentage (ESP), respectively and 28% increases in exchangeable Ca in the sodic soils. Poultry manure biochar co-pyrolyzed with urea was most effective in reducing exchangeable sodium and ESP in the soils while poultry manure biochar not co-pyrolyzed with urea was highest in reducing soil pH. Poultry manure biochar not spiked with urea was most superior in increasing soil organic carbon in low sodic situation.
“Every fox praises its own tail”. Jan Blahoslav (1523–1571) on Slavic dialects
Authors: Seldeslachts Herman , Van Rooy Raf
Published: April 2022

Jan Blahoslav (1523–1571) was one of the first – if not the first – to devote a separate chapter to the phenomenon of vernacular diatopic variation in his Czech grammar. His pioneering attempts at making sense of this issue have thus far remained understudied, especially outside of the Czech Republic. In this contribution, we open up this important text, largely written in Czech, to a wider audience by means of an annotated English translation. In addition, we frame his interest in dialectal variation in the intellectual trends of 16th-century language study, especially within the Protestant circles in which Blahoslav was active.
Trauernde aus dem Selbst begleiten
Authors: Kuhl Julius , Hillmann Manfred
Published: April 2022

Trauer ist eine Emotion, die Menschen in umfassender Weise persönlich treffen kann. Die von Julius Kuhl und seinem Team entwickelte Theorie der Persönlichkeits-System-Interaktionen (PSI-Theorie) unterscheidet zwei unterschiedliche Wahrnehmungs- und Informationsverarbeitungssysteme, die als denkendes Ich und fühlendes Selbst umschrieben werden. Verstehen der Persönlichkeit ergibt sich durch das Einlassen auf Inhalte des Denkens, Fühlens und Wollens. Das subjektive Verstehen kann ergänzt werden durch das Verstehen von objektiven Prozessen und Funktionen, z. B. der Fähigkeit, durch Veränderung der Affektlage in die Ich- oder Selbstsysteme zu wechseln. Das Selbst als ausgedehntes persönliches Erfahrungsnetzwerk und Kompetenzzentrum für die Integration neuer Erfahrungen ist dann zugänglich, wenn die Person einen Zustand der relativen (oft temporären) Gelassenheit erreichen kann. In der Trauerbegleitung kann der Selbstzugang durch Trost unterstützt werden (Reduzierung negativen Affekts), was dann gelingen kann, wenn Trauerbegleiter/-innen ihrerseits aus der Gelassenheit und Übersicht ihres Selbstsystems begleiten. Das Verstehen der Ich- und Selbstfunktionen und der Gefühlsregulationskompetenzen ermöglicht ein erweitertes Verstehen des Trauernden, wie auch die Anwendung von situationsadäquaten Interventionsmöglichkeiten. Einen spirituellen Bezug bekommt das psychologische Verständnis durch den Hinweis, dass das Transzendieren der Ich-Grenzen zum Selbst hin analog zum christlichen Gottesbild verstanden werden kann, wo der Mensch sich auf Gott hin öffnet bzw. transzendiert.
“Oops! I can’t express this in English!”: managing epistemic challenges by Chinese EFL peer tutors in writing tutorials
Authors: Chen Fenghua , Wang Xueyu
Published: April 2022

This study focuses on Chinese EFL (English as a Foreign Language) peer tutors’ discursive behavior to manage epistemic challenges in writing tutorials at a local university in China’s Mainland. Based on approximately 24 h of audio-recorded interactions involving eight tutorial groups over six weeks, we searched different types of epistemic challenges to Chinese EFL peer tutors and explored how they managed them discursively. Our findings, in adopting a CA (Conversational Analysis) approach, show that Chinese EFL peer tutors mainly experience two types of epistemic challenges – the language proficiency-based challenges and the resistance-based challenges. They construct different identities to cope with these challenges – EFL learners, careless but competent tutors, and authoritative and trustworthy experts. These practices are realized through valuable pragma-linguistic devices, including advising and assessing speech acts, deontic modality, self-mocking expressions, imperative and assertive tones, narrative discourse, and smiley voice and laughter. These findings highlight the need for writing center instructors to follow tutor training guides suitable for EFL peer tutors instead of following a universal training recipe.
Prognosis and treatment of complications associated with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xie Xudong , Hu Liangcong , Xue Hang , Xiong Yuan , Panayi Adriana C. , Lin Ze , Chen Lang , Yan Chenchen , Zhou Wu , Mi Bobin , Liu Guohui
Published: April 2022

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been estimated to have claimed more than 6 million lives, and most deaths have been attributed to complications non-specific to the virus. Therefore, understanding and treating these complications are imperative. In this meta-analysis, we reviewed 181 studies published in early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. We presented that the complications with high incidence among all COVID-19 cases were acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS, 18.52%), respiratory failure (16.54%), liver injury (14.13%) and multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS, 13.62%). Among patients who died, the most common complications were ARDS (84.10%), respiratory failure (78.75%) and respiratory injury (75.72%). Subsequently, we analyzed the risk factors for complications, and reviewed the currently available therapies according to complications and prognosis. To decrease the prevalence of COVID-19 complications and mortality, healthcare workers and patients should pay greater attention to the complications identified herein, particularly those occurring preclinically.
Parathyroid hormone of ≥1.6 pmol/L at 6 months is associated with recovery in ‘long-term’ post-surgical hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Fahad , Dhami Amardass , Quarrell Gillian , Balasubramanian Saba Prakash
Published: April 2022

Objective

Post-surgical hypoparathyroidism (PoSH) usually settles within few months after thyroid surgery, but several patients require long-term supplementation with calcium/activated vitamin D. When PoSH persists beyond 6 months, it is considered ‘chronic’ or ‘permanent’, however, late recovery has been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of late recovery and explore factors predicting late recovery of parathyroid function.

Methods

Adult patients undergoing total/completion thyroidectomy between 2009 and 2018 were included in this retrospective cohort observational study. The records of patients with evidence of PoSH were reviewed to identify those with persisting PoSH at 6 months. Demographic, biochemical, surgical, pathological, and clinical follow-up data were collected and analysed.

Results

Out of 911 patients undergoing thyroidectomy, 270 were identified with PoSH. Of these, 192 were started on supplements and 138 (71.9%) recovered within 6 months. Of the remaining 54 patients, 35 had ongoing PoSH with median (range) follow-up of 3.4 (0.5–11.1) years. Nineteen patients were weaned off supplements and achieved remission at median (range) follow-up of 1.3 (0.6–4.8) years. All of those who recovered had a PTH of ≥1.6 pmol/L at 6 months. There was no difference in age, gender, diagnosis, type, and extent of surgery between those who did and did not show late recovery.

Conclusions

Recovery from PoSH is common beyond 6 months, raising the question whether a 6-month threshold to define ‘long-term’ PoSH is appropriate. The chances of recovery are high (~50%) in patients with PTH level ≥1.6 pmol/L at 6 months, where attempts at weaning may be focussed.
Did the NICE guideline for progesterone treatment of threatened miscarriage get it right?
Authors: Duncan W Colin
Published: April 2022

In November 2021, NICE updated its clinical guideline that covers the management of threatened miscarriage in the first trimester. They recommended offering vaginal micronised progesterone twice daily until 16 completed weeks of pregnancy in those with a previous miscarriage. However, the duration of treatment is not evidence based. In the major clinical trial that informed the guideline, there was no benefit in starting progesterone after 9 weeks and the full effect of progesterone was present at 12 weeks of pregnancy. There are theoretical risks impacting offspring health in later life after maternal pharmaceutical progesterone treatment. As the effect of progesterone seems to be complete by 12 weeks of gestation, we should consider carefully whether to follow the guidance and treat up to 16 weeks of pregnancy.

Lay summary

In November 2021, new guidelines were published about the management of bleeding in early pregnancy. If someone who has had a previous miscarriage starts bleeding, they should now be treated with progesterone as this slightly reduces the chance of miscarriage. The guideline says progesterone should be given if the pregnancy is in the womb, and potentially normal, until 16 weeks of pregnancy. However, in the big studies looking at progesterone’s effect in reducing miscarriage the beneficial effects of progesterone were complete by 12 weeks of pregnancy. At that stage, it is the placenta and not the mother’s ovary that makes the progesterone to support the pregnancy. We do not know the long-term effects of giving extra progesterone during pregnancy on the offspring. Some research has raised the possibility that there might be some adverse effects if progesterone is given for too long. Maybe the guidance should have suggested stopping at 12 weeks rather than 16 weeks of pregnancy.
Anti-kripkean intuitions: conceptualism versus essentialism
Authors: Sepetyi Dmytro
Published: April 2022

The article discusses Saul Kripke’s criticisms of the account of the reference of general names he called “descriptivism” and the considerations he advanced in favour of his own essentialist causal-historical account of the reference of natural kind terms. The alternative of conceptualism versus essentialism about the reference of general terms is explained in details. The case is made that most of the intuitions on which Kripke based his arguments are highly controversial, and the main examples he used to explain and support his views (such as examples of whales and fish, water and H20, gold, tigers, and unicorns) do not constitute a clear case for the preference of essentialism over conceptualism. Moreover, these examples can be modified in such ways that in the perspective of these modifications, Kripke’s essentialist construal turns out to be far-fetched and implausible, whereas a form of conceptualism (the cluster theory of reference) is tenable.
Specificities of lipotoxicity of free fatty acids and cytokine profile in patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases
Authors: Didenko V. I. , Klenina I. A. , Tatarchuk О. M. , Hrabovska O. I. , Petishko O. P.
Published: April 2022

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is an important cause of global liver disease characterized by diffuse hepatocytes with hepatocellular ballooning, intrahepatic inflammation and progressive fibrosis. A relevant task is the study of the relationship between content of free fatty acids and serum cytokine profile in patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases. A total of 74 people with chronic diffuse liver diseases were examined, including 32 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, 22 patients with alcoholic liver disease, 20 patients with toxic hepatitis. Chromatographic examination of free fatty acids (FFA) in blood serum was carried out using a Chromatek-Crystal 5000 gas chromatography system. Patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases had a significant increase in the level of unsaturated free fatty acids (USFA) in cases of toxic hepatitis (by 2.92 times, P > 0.05) and a decrease in the level of saturated free fatty acids (SFA) in cases of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (by 1.52 times, P > 0.05) compared with the control group; the balance between omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA significantly changed due to increase in linoleic acid in patients with alcoholic liver disease and toxic hepatitis (by 1.91 and 2.11 times, respectively) and arachidonic acid in patients with toxic hepatitis (by 1.78 times). The level of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were determined. In patients suffering chronic diffuse liver diseases there were multidirectional changes in the composition of free fatty acids of blood serum: a significant increase in the level of USFA, levels ІL-6 in toxic hepatitis; a decrease in the level of SFA, levels ІL-6 and TNF-α during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; increased TNF-α production, ІL-6 during alcoholic liver disease compared with the control group. Significant change occurred in the balance between omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA due to increase in linoleic acid in cases of alcoholic liver disease and toxic hepatitis and arachidonic acid in cases of toxic hepatitis. The revealed correlations support the hypothesis that inflammation and lipotoxicity of FFA of blood serum contribute to the development and progression of structural changes in the liver. However, the pathomechanism of lipid metabolism and cytokine regulation with different etiological factors have their own characteristics, which should be taken into account when treating patients of these groups. Prospects for further research: these parameters may be used for serologic biomarkers of liver disease and development and implementation of the ratio between FFA and cytokines for the differential diagnosis of chronic diffuse liver disease in medical practice.
Effects of aromatic compounds on movement activity of Pyrrhocoris apterus in the conditions of a laboratory experiment
Authors: Nehrii V. V. , Brygadyrenko V. V.
Published: April 2022

In the conditions of an urban environment, insects, including Pyrrhocoris apterus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera, Pyrrhocoridae), are subject to dozens of volatiles: solvents, food flavorings, cosmetic products. For firebugs, some attract them, some scare them off, and to some they are indifferent. In this article, in the conditions of laboratory experiment, we evaluated the influence of chemical substances on rates of movement of firebugs. Under the influence of the substances we studied, there occurred no significant increase or decrease in the activity of firebugs. The most significant effect on rates of movement of firebugs was exerted by solvent, white spirit and solvent 646 p – firebugs travelled 12 cm distance for 24.2%, 49.6% and 58.7% of the time the control group did. Movement activity of firebugs was insignificantly decreased by aromatic extracts Royаl milk extract, Butcher’s broom extract and chrysalis oil: firebugs travelled 12 cm distance for 132.7%, 135.2% and 146.8% of time the control group. Aromatic substances likely interact with receptors on antennae of firebugs, and therefore the insects need additional time for orienting reactions, deciding whether those substances signal presence of potential food objects in the accessibility zone.