bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harigeeta: Cic Mechanism with Euclidean Steiner Tree for Service Latency Prediction in Delay-Sensitive Cloud Services
Authors: Sharma Rahul Kumar , Singh Sarvpal
Published: January 2025

Data establishment and resource provision are the most crucial tasks in the data center. To achieve minimum service latency, it is required to have a balance between the virtual machine and physical machine for proper execution of any query into the cloud data center. Cloud services have a huge market in the world trade. These services have a large impact on every field, also on research. Latency is a major problem in the growth of the cloud market in a real time scenario. Online trade, marketing and banking have a large market of cloud services, which require minimum latency in the real-time response otherwise the whole market would be destroyed. Latency prediction plays a crucial role in managing the load on the data center. To perfectly maintain a request waiting queue, it is required to predict accurate latency between the virtual machines in the data center. If any approach can predict accurate latency in the data center for any particular request, then it can perfectly manage the waiting queue for the cloud data center. Thus, prediction plays a crucial role in reducing latency in the execution of any request to the cloud data center. This article presents an online latency prediction approach for VMs to improve load balancing. A Euclidean Circle Steiner Tree point is proposed. Results show compression with existing mechanisms and get 8-12 % more accuracy in latency prediction.
Predictors for enjoyment of playing musical instruments: Focused on psychological factors
Authors: Zhao Weiyi , Park Alexander , Zhang Qian , Suh Kyung Hyun
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the psychological factors related to the enjoyment of playing musical instruments, and verifies the model that can predict enjoyment using psychological variables, demographic profiles, and variables related to music to provide useful information and knowledge for further studies and interventions. The participants were 416 male and female Chinese adults aged 20–68 years. The stepwise regression analysis revealed that fun seeking accounted for the greatest variance in enjoyment of playing musical instruments. Fun-seeking, agreeableness, openness, self-directedness, and conscientiousness accounted for approximately 27.2% of the variance in enjoyment of playing musical instruments. The decision-tree model included enjoyment of the music class in childhood, self-directedness, age, experience of playing musical instruments, experience of growing up in a family that enjoys music, extraversion, and agreeableness. These findings suggest that psychological variables such as fun seeking and agreeableness may play a more important role in enjoyment of playing musical instruments.
Initial development of Lactuca sativa (lettuce) using a biostimulant and bioactivator for hydroponic purposes
Authors: Souza João Vitor Nogueira de , Menezes Filho Antonio Carlos Pereira de , Ventura Matheus Vinícius Abadia
Published: January 2025

Lactuca sativa is a widely distributed oleracea species, commonly used in various Western and Asian cuisines. This study aimed to evaluate the initial development of L. sativa cv. Psique by applying different concentrations of the commercial biostimulant and bioactivator Vitakelp (mL/L-1) and assessing total fresh weight, total dry mass, root length, and aerial part length of seedlings in two foliar application periods. In the first application, increases were observed in total fresh mass, total dry mass, and aerial part length. In the second application, positive increments were found in total dry mass and aerial part length. The commercial product Vitakelp showed good improvements in the initial development of Lactuca sativa seedlings at different concentrations, especially between 2-6 mL/L-1.
Rethinking the Urban Community
Authors: Kaufman Shelemay Kay
Published: January 2025

Urban musical research continues to present theoretical and methodological challenges. This paper suggests a revised approach to the study of the urban diaspora community, mapping ways in which musical processes have been instrumental in shaping the cultural places central to the development of the Ethiopian diaspora community. Following cultural geography's attention to "place-making" rather than residential proximity as the locus of community formation, the discussion tracks aspects of musical transmission and performance that have helped generate, shape, and sustain new communities among Ethiopians in the diaspora.
Günter Grau: Lexikon zur Homosexuellenverfolgung 1933-1945. Institutionen – Kompetenzen – Betätigungsfelder.
Authors: Schindler Franz
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Günter Grau.
Modern Anti-Semitism in the Czech Lands between the Years 1895–1989
Authors: Soukupová Blanka
Published: January 2025

This study specifies and characterizes the phases of modern Czech anti-Semitism, which it defines as a range of mutually interdependent anti-Jewish manifestations. In each of these phases (anti-Semitism in Austro-Hungary, in the First Republic, in the Second Republic, during the Protectorate and after World War II) it analyzes not only specific manifestations of escalating Czech nationalism, but especially the social functions of anti-Semitism.
Autorská a tematická struktura časopisu Sociální problémy
Authors: Janák Dušan , Bereś Anna
Published: January 2025

The following text presents the results of the content analysis of the journal Sociální problémy (Social Problems). The given journal was been founded in 1931, and with several interruptions, was published until 1947. The analysis of the journal also represents a study of the Czech inter-war sociological discourse, at the time of its greatest development in the 1930s. The article gives an aggregative picture of the journal from the perspective of the content and structure of the individual years of its publishing. As to the structure of its authors, the article presents those who were the most productive, as well as the themes that most significantly resonated in their articles. Thematically, the journal represents a combination of quantitative and qualitative positions. In order to describe thematic structure, authors utilised the term “thematic centre”, representing a semantic field that includes various thematically-related contributions. These centres can be hierarchically sequenced according to the number of assigned texts. The dominant centres of Sociální problémy proved to be articles related to sociology (mostly foreign) itself, economy, science, nation, crisis, politics, work and family. In the article, the most important characteristics of Sociální problémy are compared with a “rival” journal Sociologická revue (Sociological Review). Despite the mutual publication barriers (authors of one journal did not contribute to the other journal) and purpose, both journals demonstrate a similar thematic structure. The discovered common thematic centres seem to be significant for all of Czech discourse at that time. Similarly, in both journals, members of the editorial teams dominated also as authors. Sociální problémy, however, amounted to approximately half of the extent of Sociologická revue and to fewer foreign contributing authors (partially on purpose). On the other hand, more experts from disciplines relative to sociology published in Sociální problémy.
Karakačani v Bulharsku
Authors: Fatková Gabriela
Published: January 2025

This article represents a synthesis of the studies on the former pastoral nomadic life of the Karakachans in Bulgaria, published in English and Bulgarian. The discussion on the origin of the Karakachans is analysed; there are various viewpoints, supported by various groups of researchers, by representatives of the Karakachans, as well as by the ordinary Karakachans themselves. The technology of transhuman pastoralism, related trade patterns, and the social structure of the Karakachan ethnic group in the pastoral nomadic period and at the end of this period, during sedentarization, is described.
Environmentální myšlenky v počátcích českého územního plánování
Authors: Dostalík Jan
Published: January 2025

This article revisits the theoretical beginnings of Czech town and country planning, and signifies its close relationship with contemporary environmental approaches. The essay focuses on the period between 1918 and 1949, and the basic situation in the development of the Czech theory of spatial planning. The article also points out the changes in the perception of the tasks of planners, and the change that urbanism underwent on the path from "the town to countryside". This text is based on the detailed analysis of contemporary texts by the most significant Czech architects, town planners, construction engineers and natural scientists. The first part introduces the most important trends in the world architecture of the late 19th and early 20th century, which most probably influenced Czech architecture. The article then focuses on the situation in Czech urbanism and spatial planning in the first half of the 20th century. The main part of the text is constituted by the introduction and evaluation of individual "environmentally thinking" authors and their approach, which hopefully helps to reveal the general approach in this sphere throughout the first half of the 20th century.
K jubileu PhDr. Mirjam Moravcové, DrSc.
Authors: Bezoušková Markéta , Holas Jakub
Published: January 2025

Vedení a provádění terénního výzkumu, žádosti a administrace grantů, průběžná výuka na univerzitě, vedení studentských prací a jejich oponování, působení v redakční radě, vydávání vědeckých publikací, organizace odborných konferencí – to a mnohé další jsou činnosti, kterým se s neutuchající intenzitou věnuje PhDr. Mirjam Moravcová, DrSc. jako by zcela zapomněla na běh času. Činorodá a pracovitá, jako by si ani nevšimla jakýchkoli známek věku, které její vrstevníci častokrát vnímají s odevzdaností. Letos v březnu oslaví M. Moravcová své osmdesáté narozeniny a nelze si nevšimnout, že nezdolná vitalita doprovází její aktivity stále. Šíří své nadšení pro vědu do okolí, zasahuje kolegy, spolupracovníky i studenty, kteří za její spolupráce, pomoci a podpory stále získávají cenné informace a zkušenosti.
Architektonické biennale 2010, Benátky 29. srpna – 21. listopadu 2010
Authors: Tourek Jiří
Published: January 2025

Od 29. srpna do 21. listopadu se v Benátkách konalo již dvanácté architektonické biennale. Jeho letošní titul People Meet in Architecture sliboval ambiciózní projekt. Vyjádřila to i hlavní kurátorka, slavná japonská architektka Kazuyo Sejima, když v úvodu ke katalogu psala o tom, že výstava má být pokusem znovu nalézt architekturu a její potenciál v současné společnosti. Kurátorka poskytla jednotlivým vystavujícím téměř úplnou volnost při koncipování individuálních expozic, což je odvážný přístup, který dává prostor inovativním a vizionářským nápadům, nebojácným architektům i průlomovým myslitelům. Výstava jako celek pak není určována jedinou orientací, ale mnohostí pohledů. Ponechme nyní stranou expozice architektů, kteří prezentovali své realizace nebo projekty právě ve výstavbě. Naprostá většina z nich se řadí mezi skvělé a vysoce inspirativní stavby. Architektonická praxe ze všech koutů světa se tak ukázala v rozrůzněné podobě, ale obecně na velmi vysoké úrovni. Zde je třeba jmenovat i samotnou Kazuyo Sejimu a její ateliér Sanaa.
Aspekty efektivnosti při volbě profese a školy
Authors: Benáček Vladimír
Published: January 2025

The choice of professions and the selection of secondary schools are some of the most important events determining the quality of life. At the same time, enterprises cannot function without properly skilled workers. Schools, too, should avoid producing useless professionals. Families, schools and employers must cooperate before making those decisions carrying long-term repercussions. They must emit and receive the relevant signals that would in the future adjust the supply of specialised young workers (i.e., the entrants to the labour market) to the demand of enterprises for specialists in various professions. In this paper, we study two crucial questions of economic decision-making: (a) How are people motivated in their choice of profession (career) and schools? This is also a decision that deals with the criteria for building human capital; (b) Can enterprises rely on the supply of new qualified workers for filling their future specialised demands? This is also the problem of having school admissions consistent with the structure required by labour inputs with specific skills. By analysing the data for the agglomeration of Prague, we have found that the adjustment of the supply of new specialised workers (i.e., school graduates) to the demand of employers (i.e., enterprises) was quite flexible. Our analysis, working with 28 professional types of secondary schools in Prague, reveals that the choice of school and profession depends primarily on the industrial structure of both employment opportunities and unemployment threats. As a secondary observation, the structure of new admissions to schools is related to the level of wages, profits, unemployment rates and R&D expenditures in industries. The ensuing adjustment of school graduates (or school enrolment) to changing structures of production in Prague reveals that more extensive public information about vacancies, expansion or shrinking of both employment, output, labour income or unemployment by professions could be an efficient instrument for influencing the labour market consistency of decision making in both families and schools.
Maorské školy jako kulturní alternativa
Authors: Kulhánková Jana
Published: January 2025

Compared to the indigenous australians, whose process of cultural revitalization in the urban context was discussed in my diploma thesis, the contemporary maori of new zealand have the significant advantage of having maintained their language and other areas of culture, which is notable on an everyday basis, whether it be community houses, native musical instruments, handcrafts, or traditional ceremonies on a marae. Past restrictions did not last long enough to suppress their language or to doubt the authenticity of their contemporary visual culture. The maori are continuously claiming their civil equality in areas of employment, politics, health care, or education. Maori schools represent a symbol of maori identity, since they are actively pursuing the goal of revitalizing and maintaining maori culture and language. This paper draws on my research at kohanga reo, a maori led pre-school centre in dunedin, new zealand. I used ethnographic methods of participant observation and interview. My dissertation thesis describes this topic in more detail.
Anthropology of the City: A Social Viewpoint, Main Tendencies, Perspectives and National Traditions of Research.
Authors: Soukupová Blanka
Published: January 2025

The text presents a brief outline of the development of Czech urban anthropology from its beginning in the 1950s until the present. It follows the viewpoints of this highly promising discipline and its individual stages of development. It focuses particular attention on the situation after 1989. While in the first decade after the Velvet Revolution research on multiethnicity and multiculturality in the city prevailed, today anthropologists have proceeded to try to explain the city as a whole. At the same time the text illustrates how the birth of urban anthropology was related to a change in the understanding of the key concept of Czech ethnography – folk – and to a change of point of view of researches on the city. From the ’50s until the ’80s the proletariat was regarded for ideological reasons as the core of urbanized space; urban anthropology thus coincided with workers’ ethnography.
Trends in Urban Research and Their Reflection in Slovak Ethnology/Anthropology
Authors: Bitušíková Alexandra
Published: January 2025

The study reflects the development of Slovak urban ethnology and anthropology since its beginning in the 1970s. It explores theoretical and methodological approaches toward the study of the city in the socialist and postsocialist periods and tries to find correlations with the development of urban anthropology in Western Europe and the United States. It mentions weaknesses and strengths of urban research results in Slovakia. The main emphasis of the paper is on the latest urban anthropological trends worldwide and their reflection in contemporary Slovak urban ethnological and anthropological research. Special attention is paid to three areas of current urban research: the problem of urban diversity; the problem of social production and construction of urban public space, and the problem of urban culture and local memory, identity and symbols.
The Makropulos Case as a Semiotic Experience
Authors: Jurková Zuzana , Jónssonová Pavla
Published: January 2025

In recent decades ethnomusicology has focused on, among other things, the role of the listener and on comprehension of the function and/or the importance that music has for him/her. For this it uses linguistic and, especially, semiotic methods. Turino (1999, 2008) returns to the Peirce concepts of the icon, the index, the symbol, the rheme and the dicent, snowballing and chaining in order to explain the effects of music. This article arises from two contrasting perceptions of the same musical event: Janáček’s opera The Makropulos Case. It analyzes both listeners’ experience on three levels in accordance with Peirce’s three types of signs: as opera in the National Theater, Janáček’s music and the concrete 2008 production of The Makropulos Case. A semiotic analysis of the inner reaction to the concrete musical rendition enables us to reconstruct the ontogenetic musical development and explains a certain universality of the effect of the opera despite different musical histories.
Ritual Compadrazgo as an instrument of Interethnic and Social Adaptation among the Rarámuri in Northwestern Mexico and its Possible Correlations to Local Political Events
Authors: Halbich Marek
Published: January 2025

This paper pursues, on the basis of some field-works among the Rarámuri Indians and the mestizos in northwestern Mexico, namely in the ejido Munerachi and the small Mexican towns Batopilas and Creel, three principal aims: first, it generally outlines the concept of the Mexican ejido; second, it focuses on the application of the theoretical concept ritual (fictive) compadrazgo of the North-American anthropologists Eric Wolf and Sidney Mintz in Lower and Upper Tarahumara in the Indian and the mestizo communities; and, third, it tries to find some possible correlations of the ritual compadrazgo to local political events.
Jacques Bouët - Bernard Lortat-Jacob - Speranta Radulescu: À tue-tête: Chant et Violon Au Pays de L’oach, Roumanie.
Authors: Skořepová Honzlová Zita
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Jacques Bouët, Bernard Lortat-Jacob and Speranta Radulescu.
Claus Zittel: Theatrum philosophicum. Descartes und die Rolle ästhetischer Formen in der Wissenschaft.
Authors: Novák Aleš
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Claus Zittel.
Raně novověké město
Authors: Miller Jaroslav
Published: January 2025

Mostly based upon the critique of classical community/society theories as introduced and developed by Ferdinand Tönnies, Émile Durkheim, Georg Simmel, Karl Popper and/or the Chicago school of sociology, the article has the ambition to provide a theoretical model explaining the crisis of a tradition-oriented community and the emergence of the modern urban society in the period before 1800. As such, the study expands far beyond the limits of a classical historical science as it permeates into sociology, historical demography, cultural anthropology and/or the history of ideas. All main sociological approaches toward ideal types of community and society, namely the typology (F. Tönnies, G. Simmel, É. Durkheim, M. Weber, L. Wirth, R. Redfield, H. Becker), the ecology (The Chicago School), the conflict theory (K. Marx, J. Coleman, M. Castells) and the systems theory (R. L. Warren), tacitly concur that while pre-modern urban life was predominantly characterized by Gemeinschaft-like relationships (a strong identification with community, emotionalism, traditionalism, a high level of social control, etc.), the Gesellschaft-like relationships (individualism, formalized social control, rational bonds, etc.) are rather typical for the populations of modern cities. Since Ferdinand Tönnies, the concern for the transformation of Gemeinschaft into Gesellschaft has been one of the basic and continuing themes in community sociology. In a search for the all-embracing explanation of this qualitative change, sociologists have introduced a great variety of theories. Some, like Ferdinand Tönnies, Karl Marx and/or Émile Durkheim, associated the Vergesellschaftung with a revolutionary economic development while other scholars (Max Weber) referred to the transformation as the result of increasing “rationalization.” Alternatively, the first generation of American urban ecologists (Louis Wirth, Robert Redfield) reasoned that large population size producing a high degree of heterogeneity would necessarily result in the collapse of community and the rise of society. Notwithstanding a great number of rival theories, most urban sociologists have maintained that the modern Gesellschaft characteristics emerged as late as the 19 th century while the pre-modern city has been traditionally described in terms of Gemeinschaft. As such a view seems to be at odds with the available historical evidence, the article sets out to defend the thesis that European citizenry gradually lost most Gemeinschaft characteristics already between 1500 and 1800. In other words, it is suggested that some social relationships typical for modern society emerged in the early modern period and, consequently, they were not the products of the 19 th century industrialization and liberalism as traditionally believed by many scholars.
Rubén Hernández-León: Metropolitan Migrants. The Migration of Urban Mexicans to the United States.
Authors: Pařízková Alena
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Rubén Hernández-León.
Thomas Hylland Eriksen: Sociální a kulturní antropologie.
Authors: Haškovcová Helena
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Thomas Hylland Eriksen.
Saint Petersburg – Leningrad – Saint Petersburg
Authors: Godula-Węcławowicz Róża
Published: January 2025

A characteristic feature of the contemporary language of popular culture is an attempt to present Saint Petersburg in the categories of the superlative and greatness. A popular history of the city is based on a few selected events: 1. Founded in 1703 by Tsar Peter the Great who subsequently appointed himself emperor, the city gave rise to a new Russia which was being built in opposition to the old Rus; 2. In the years 1712–1918, it was the capital of the Russian Empire and the seat of the Tsars of All-Russia; 3. It vaunts rich revolutionary traditions and above all the outbreak of the Great Socialist October Revolution of 1917 which initiated the era of communism in a sizable part of Europe and of the world; 4. It survived heroically the German blockade lasting nearly 900 days from September 1941 to January 1944; the blockade cost over a million human lives, yet the city was not vanquished. The above four events create a framework and at the same time an important context within which the myth of St. Petersburg’s-Leningrad’s greatness develops and grows. This myth is composed of a few mutually interconnected concepts: 1. The idea of a new beginning and a doubly new one at that – as devised by Peter the Great and then the Soviet one which led to an avalanche of Socialist transformations all over the world; 2. The idea of a strong center which is expressed in the concept of the imperial capital, reinforced by the majesty of the authority of the tsars and the birthplace of the Great Revolution; 3. The idea of the might and power of the imperial All-Russia, the potential of the Great October and the indomitableness of Leningrad. The contemporary ruler of Russia, Vladimir Putin, himself a citizen of St. Petersburg by birth, skillfully takes advantage of the myth of the great Peter: founder, builder, reformer and invincible ruler; this helps him build his own political image. Vladimir Putin takes advantage of every possible opportunity to increase the significance of St. Petersburg and by doing so of his own person. Putin likes to emphasize his close ties with his native city. Paying great attention to his own publicity, he carefully chooses the occasions to visit the old capital. In the year 2003, Saint Petersburg celebrated the 300th anniversary of its foundation. In accordance with Putin’s wish, the Jubilee was to be grand. On many occasions Putin declared publicly that it was an excellent opportunity to show Russia’s might and its true source. In the manner of Peter the Great, Putin opened the imperial gates of Russia to the contemporary world. The myth of the greatness of the state and of its ruler continues to flourish on Petersburg soil and from time to time it reveals to the world its successive form.
Dana Bittnerová, Mirjam Moravcová a kolektiv: Kdo jsem a kam patřím?
Authors: Řezanka Marek
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Dana Bittnerová and Mirjam Moravcová.
Jan Assmann: Monotheismus und die Sprache der Gewalt.
Authors: Hanyš Milan
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Jan Assmann.
European Population Conference. Migration and Migrants in Europe.
Authors: Nešporová Olga
Published: January 2025

Evropská populační konference byla v letošním roce výjimečnou událostí, protože jsme na ní zároveň měli možnost oslavit výroční čtvrtstoletí fungování Evropské asociace pro populační studia (EAPS – European Association for Population Studies), která konferenci s dvouletou periodicitou pořádá. Tentokrát ve spojení s Centre ďEstudis Demogràfics Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Konference byla otevřena příspěvkům o všech demografických jevech, hlavní pozornost však byla letos věnována aktuálnímu tématu „Migrace a migranti v Evropě“.
Activities Supporting the Awareness of Historical Background and Creating an Image of a Townk
Authors: Koštialová Katarína
Published: January 2025

Societies as well as individuals are members of some group or groups, observe similarities and differences, perceive time continuity and/or identify with the environment. What is more important, they can be emotionally linked to a cultural, ethnic, religious or other tradition or group. In contrast to rural existence, life in a town is socially and culturally much more differentiated; people participate in activities of various interest groups, clubs, religious or national organizations, cultural, sport or alternatively-oriented associations which, with their sub-cultural manifestations, participate more or less in activities of the town.
Industrial Nostalgia
Authors: Gibas Petr
Published: January 2025

In the last few years, industrial architecture has started to attract more attention than probably ever before. In order to pursue the issue of growing aesthetic interest in the industrial landscape I analyze contemporary visual and related discoursive representations of industrial architecture and industrial landscape in the Czech Republic. Discussing the case of a vast industrial brownfield adjacent to the town center of Kladno, a former industrial city in Central Bohemia, I try to show how the industrial architecture is in fact aestheticized. By questioning what lies behind such aestheticization I want to show how industrial landscape and the past it embodies have been negotiated within the urban space. I perceive the visual as well as discoursive representations of industrial architecture as predominantly melancholic and nostalgic. My argument is, however, that nostalgia does not have to present a weakness since it originates in the image we hold of our past and it embodies our fears about our future. It can thus serve as a position from which we could critically question our present-day existence and our potential futures. Our aesthetic perception has been changing. The discussion of the reasons why it has been happening and what lies behind such changes is needed since it relates to the wider discussion about our relationship with the past and thus also about the image we have of ourselves.
“We Simply Laughed at the Concentration Camps”
Authors: Dvořák Jan
Published: January 2025

June 27–30, 2004 recorded and transcribed (in Czech) by Jan Dvořák August 2008, translated into English and commented by František Franěk and Jacob Franek.
Peter Salner: Mozaika židovskej Bratislavy (Mosaic of Jewish Bratislava).
Authors: Soukupová Blanka
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Peter Salner.
Nina Pavelčíková: Romové v českých zemích v letech 1945–1989 (Roma in the Czech Lands 1945–1989).
Authors: Soukupová Soukupová
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Nina Pavelčíková.
Židé v Kolíně a okolí (Jews in Kolín and its Environs). Proceedings of the Kolín Museum – Social Science Series IX. Edited by Ladislav Jouza and Jaroslav Pejša.
Authors: Soukupová Soukupová
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Ladislav Jouza and Jaroslav Pejša.
Minulost a současnost časopisu Lidé města / Urban People
Authors: Nešpor Zdeněk R. , Moravcová Mirjam
Published: January 2025

Časopis Lidé města / Urban People má za sebou devět let existence, a budeme-li počítat i stejnojmenný sborník, na který v roce 1999 navázal, pak dokonce více než patnáct. Ačkoli nejde o žádné „kulaté výročí“, můžeme tuto minulost bilancovat, zvlášť když současně dochází k radikální proměně redakčních rad i strategie vydávání časopisu. Určité přiblížení okolností vzniku a dosavadní orientace časopisu je ostatně nutné také proto, abychom čtenáře informovali, v čem se bude jeho nová podoba lišit.
Příspěvek ke studiu náboženských poměrů na ledečském panství na přelomu 16. a 17. století
Authors: Mirošovská Eva
Published: January 2025

The article shortly describes the character of the religious conditions at the Ledeč estate, situated in East Bohemia. It especially deals with the era at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries. This era in Ledeč, associated with the Lobkovic administration and reign, was namely one of the last epochs of religious tolerance for Non-Catholics. The „Post-White Mountain” era then brings on the forced re-Catholicization, chiefly affecting those inhabitants who were subjects. For Non-Catholics, it meant either the involuntary acceptance of the Catholic religion or unwanted emigration. The article closely deals with archival sources and analyzes the edited Religious Order of the Ledeč Estate dating from 1599. The estate at that time was headed by Ladislav Lobkovic (senior). The order was addressed to subjects. The autohor endeavored to point out its non-Catholic character, even though presented by the editor, J. K. Hraše, as a Catholic order. The article also touches upon the epoch of the reign of Trčka family in the Ledeč estate, highlighting the outstanding persona of Jan Rudolf Trčka of Lípa.
50 let Římských smluv. Supranacionální instituce a transnacionální prostory zkušeností.
Authors: Nebřenský Zdeněk
Published: January 2025

Padesát let po podepsání Římských smluv uspořádalo ve dnech 16. a 17. března 2007 Berlínské kolegium pro srovnávací dějiny Evropy (BKVGE) ve spolupráci s Italským kulturním institutem v Berlíně na půdě Svobodné univerzity diskusní setkání na téma supranacionálních institucí a transnacionálních prostorů zkušeností. Zasedání nabídlo bilancující ohlédnutí za půlstoletím vytváření evropského bezhraničního hospodářského a kulturního prostoru, zaměřilo se především na poměr mezi politickou institucionalizací a společenským ukotvením evropské integrace. Na úvod představil Arnd Bauerkämper (BKVGE) hlavní cíl zasedání, kterým nebylo rekonstruovat dějiny evropské integrace nebo je dokonce retrospektivně legitimizovat, nýbrž uvést do vzájemných vztahů působení, jednotlivé posuny a krize politických institucí s proměnou občanské každodennosti.
Mezinárodní konference „Jak se umírá v České republice?“
Authors: Nešporová Olga
Published: January 2025

Otevření veřejné diskuse o smrti a umírání není při v některých ohledech stále ještě platné tabuizaci smrti a kultu mládí v současné české společnosti právě lehkým úkolem. Ujala se jej Asociace poskytovatelů hospicové paliativní péče (APHPP), záštitu nad mezinárodní konferencí převzala Pražská onkologická společnost. Přestože byla konference přístupná širší veřejnosti a mohla oslovit novináře či politiky, většina účastníků pocházela z řad zdravotníků, kteří se se smrtí běžně setkávají ve svém profesním životě. Média, jejichž zástupce bylo možné spočítat na prstech jedné ruky, spíše poskytla doklad o tom, že smrt je v české společnosti stále tabu a ti, již by měli otvírat nové otázky, namnoze splývají s davem. Nakonec se tedy jednalo spíše o odbornou záležitost s hlavním akcentem na medicínskou a sociální perspektivu.
Výuka dovednosti myslet podle Edwarda de Bono
Authors: Málková Gabriela
Published: January 2025

Roughly from the 1970s, the topic commonly labeled “thinking skills” appears in the Anglo-Saxon psychology literature. It is very difficult to follow the unequivocal line of theoretical assumptions and predictors of birth of this topic. We may assume, that it has been strongly influenced by increased knowledge from the area of cognitive psychology and psychology of intelligence, cognitive, socio-cultural and socio-cognitive theory of learning and their application in teaching. This article introduces one of the first and probably the most important development program of thinking skills– the CoRT program. The author of this program is Edward De Bono. Since Do Bono’s work is very little known in the Czech environment, we devote part of this article to Edward de Bono himself and the theoretical system that basically represents foundation of all de Bono’s books. It is followed by description of CoRT methodology and an analysis of its theoretical context. Conclusion of the article discusses possible implementation of this program in the Czech environment.
Douglas J. Davies: Stručné dějiny smrti
Authors: Nešporová Olga
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Douglas J. Davies.
Češi v zemi beze jména
Authors: Svoboda David
Published: January 2025

In the period following the Austro-Hungarian Settlement, Ruthenians were mentioned quite infrequently in the Czech printed media. Shortly before the First World War this situation had changed. Our public followed with displeasure the infamous so called Marmaros Trial that was unleashed by the former Hungarian authorities as part of the campaign against Ruthenian Orthodoxy. The first mass contact between the Czechs and Ruthenians, signaling a long-term co-existence, took place in January 1919 when the first Czechoslovak soldiers entered the land of the present Subcarpathian Ruthenia.
Život a transcendence podle Hanse Jonase
Authors: Sokol Jan
Published: January 2025

Hans Jonas, an important German Jewish philosopher, is known in this country thanks to the translation of his book “Principal of responsibility” in which he attempted to deduce human responsibility for long-term effects of his/hers activities, namely as they relate to nature and environment. In his remarkable essay “Evolution and freedom” he introduces a method of his “philosophical biology” and reaches the extraordinary conclusion that life, excitability, and movement is not only prototypes, but also rather outright evolution roots eventually giving birth also to specific human freedom. Using this very important example, the Author presents his “non-reduction method”: Connection between metabolism and cell excitability on one hand and human freedom, on the other, does not mean that human is “nothing more than metabolism” and physiological determination. On contrary, more simple living forms may be understood as some undeveloped drowsing stadium and evolution stages of form of existence that we can and do experience personally, i.e. living with own dependent freedom, worries, understanding, and language.
Gnóstické motivy v díle Plútarcha z Chairóneie
Authors: Kružík Josef
Published: January 2025

This article includes comparison of selected parts of Plutarch treatises De facie in orbe lunae and De genio Socratis with references primarily to Valentinian gnosis, that has been preserved in Clement of Alexandria and Irenaeus, reflecting agreements and differences regarding their specific anthropology and also the so called concept of Himmelsreise der Seele. In these treatises, Plutarch sharply differentiates between the soul (PSYCHÉ) and the mind (NÚS), while in De genio he differentiates three potential inter-relationships between them (mind is in harmony with soul and body, mind is not in harmony with soul and body, soul and body has no relationship to mind). This roughly corresponds to the doctrine of exclusivity of pneumatic principal that is the basis of the well-known gnostic triad – hylics, psychics, and pneumatics. However, the basic difference is that Plutarch’s total metaphysical human condition is primarily a function of upbringing and education. In the second case, it is exclusively a function of excellence of own FYSIS. Regarding the Himmelsreise der Seele, there is a fundamental difference between the platonic and gnostic-Christian concepts: The basic equivalence between cosmic structure and soul’s afterlife is the same. At the same time, there is a clear conflict between Plutarch’s reversible eschatology on one hand, resulting in an overall optimistic perception of the world, and the anti-cosmic attitude of gnostics on the other hand: Intention of gnostic redemption, contrary to Platonic attitude, where the soul destiny is to circulate between individual ontological levels of cosmos, to spiritualize it and keep it together as an entity. Gnostics are always oriented outwards, towards its total transcendence.
Andreas Gestrich - Jens-Uwe Krause - Michael Mitterauer: Geschichte der Familie.
Authors: Horský Jan
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Andreas Gestrich, Jens-Uwe Krause and Michael Mitterauer.
K věcem samým. Sborník Zdeňku Pincovi k šedesátým narozeninám.
Authors: Bouzek Jan
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Josef Kružík, Jakub Marek, Jaroslav Novotný, Sára Ungárová and Richard Zika.
Conversation analysis and Psychotherapy
Authors: Fialová Lydie
Published: January 2025

University of Manchester, která svou historii počítá od roku 1824, patří v současné době k předním britským univerzitám. Formálně vznikla roku 2004 sloučením dvou významných výzkumně orientovaných univerzit, UMIST a The Victoria University of Manchester, s dlouhou tradicí v technických, biomedicínských i sociálně-vědních oborech. Je tvořena čtyřmi školami, Engineering and Physical Sciences, Humanities, Life Sciences a Medical and Human Sciences, a její studentská populace čítá přes 34 000 studentů ze 150 zemí světa. Rozsáhlý campus v jihovýchodním centru města tvoří zázemí vzdělávacím, výzkumným, kulturním i sportovním aktivitám, a dokresluje tak atmosféru města pálených cihel ze samých počátků průmyslové revoluce.
Zpověď (pravého) sociálního demokrata
Authors: Doušová Klára
Published: January 2025

Jaroslav Kohout se narodil 5. 2. 1924 na Slovensku na Oravě. Jeho otec Josef Kohout byl legionářem v Rusku, stoupencem Masaryka a pracoval u finanční stráže. Byl také funkcionářem tehdejší Čs. sociálně demokratické strany dělnické a Čs. obce legionářské. Po celý život byl aktivním účastníkem veřejného a kulturního života.
Falzifikace a disneylandizace města
Authors: Cílek Václav
Published: January 2025

The changes of the historical centres of some most important Czech towns (Praha, Český Krumlov) were after 1990 abrupt and for residents often extremely demanding and unpleasant ones. Almost 4000 residents have left the Prague historical city centre (total population is now aprox. 16 thousand residents). Unlike in 60ties and 70ties when most of the visitors were coming for a personal education, the entertainment seems now to be the principal motive for the majority of tourists. Example of this trend can be viewed e.g. by establishing of a new kind of museum – museums of tortures, that seem to fill the demand for “big emotions“ of emptified mass tourism. The loss of a distinct “genius loci“ is the result of entertainment consumption – towns like Madrid, Praha, Madrid seems now to in respect to emotional atmosphere to be amost replaceable cities. The remedy might be simple and traditional one – to keep residents and functioning social network in the historical city centres.
Formas plurales de habitar y construir la ciudad, Alteridades, Año 8, Núm. 15, 1998.
Authors: Halbich Marek
Published: January 2025

A review of the book.
Karel Sklenář: Archeologie a pohanský věk, Příběhy z dětských let české archeologické vědy.
Authors: Matoušek Václav
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Karel Sklenář.
Josef Vlk - Anna Vlková - Vladislav Vlk: Historie českého Boratína.
Authors: Nešpor Zdeněk R.
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Josef Vlk, Anna Vlková and Vladislav Vlk.
Róheim a paradoxy genitálních modifikací
Authors: Vrhel František
Published: January 2025

The essay discussing Róheim's Aphrodite, or the Woman with Penis (1945) - one of its objectives - tries to be the reminder of the founding personality of psychoanalytic anthropology, the reminder concentrated on Róheim's concept of ambisexuality. Perhaps the most remarkable mutation to which Róheim subjected Freuďs hypothesis was his suggestion that the animal consumed in the totem meal was only secondarily a representative of the father. At a more fundamental level, the level of the primary psychic processes, the totem represented the mother, and eating the animal an upward displacement of intercourse with the mother. This piece of interpretation introduces one of the enduring themes of Róheim's work: ambisexuality. In all forms of cultural activity he found a massive confusion of masculine and feminine elements. In accordance with this legacy the essay develops - and it i its second aim - a cross-cultural view of female sexual modifications the nucleus of which points toward the ambiguous meaning of infibulation, the meaning that is marked by a paradox, maybe even by an antinomy. Evidently, the paradox consists in the bipolarity of corresponding operations: the excision on the one hand as a move to femininity, and the infibulation on the other as its negation. It was precisely awareness of this antinomy that led some authors, in particular Georges Devereux and Michel Erlich, to explain the infibulation as a modality of phalization of vulva, comparable to the "expanded" morphological modifications known from Central and South Africa and from Micronesia. From these and similar phenomena we can infer the very reason of cultural relativity when examining the sense of these modlfications, ln other words the decomposition of ambisexuality is culturally bound, the "fullness" in Ocenia is equivalent to the "loss" in Africa. ln this way the paradox appears rather not on the level of object but on the level of explanatlon with its never-ending pretensions to be generalizing.
Poslední roky starých Holešovic
Authors: Bittnerová Dana
Published: January 2025

Připomínky doby minulé se neustále, často zcela náhodně, vynořují v každodennosti dneška. Je to proto, že jsou prakticky všude. Vše má svoji minulost, byť ne stejně dlouhou. V zásadě žijeme z minulosti, kterou permanentně aktualizujeme, přizpůsobujeme své době. Aktualizovaný včerejšek pak nehodnotíme jako archaismus, připomínku toho, co bylo a není. Ocitáme se však i v situacích, kdy svědky minulosti nevnímáme jako součást přítomnosti, kdy naopak při setkání s nimi na nás dýchne atmosféra ztraceného světa.
Komunikace v městských a venkovských sídlech
Authors: Kadeřábková J. , Patočka J. , Thrhlínová Z.
Published: January 2025

Současný vývoj městských a venkovských sídel je kromě jiného čím dál více závislý na intenzitě komunikace samosprávy města s občany. Participace občanů na rozvoji města, na vytváření společných hodnot, na rozvíjení mezilidských vztahů a také kontrola společenského a kulturního života patří v současných moderních demokraciích k základním principům fungování společnosti. Demokratizace společnosti a rozvoj participativní demokracie je v zájmu nejen občanů, ale i státních institucí, politikú a místní samosprávy. Jde o nezbytné procesy, které jsou spojené se začleňováním České republiky mezi vyspělé státy Evropské unie. V tomto smyslu sehrává významnou roli i neziskový sektor, který se zaměřuje na podporu těchto procesů.
Od Ještěda k Troskám, vlastivědný sborník Českého ráje a Podještědí VII
Authors: Turková Miloslava
Published: January 2025

A review of the book.
Vážený kolego, ctěný příteli, milý Honzo,
Authors: Kohák Erazim
Published: January 2025

Ke svému jubileu přijmi, prosím, střípek mého někdejšího života. Pochází z mé nejčtenější anglické knihy, The Embers and the Stars, kterou jsem napsal v zimě 1977, když jsem po zhroucení svého života zalezl na lesní samotu a lízal si rány.
Poznámka k problematice epistemologické diskontinuity
Authors: Fulka Josef
Published: January 2025

Pokud jsme jako téma této krátké úvahy zvolili „epistemologickou diskontinuitu", neznamená to, že bychom měli v úmyslu zabývat se detailně různými koncepcemi dějin vědy, které přinesla filosofie dvacátého století, a už vůbec ne „obsahem" těchto dějin. Náš cíl je daleko skromnější: půjde pouze o pokus o porovnání některých pojetí epistemologické diskontinuity (od Bachelarda přes Canguilhema až po Foucaulta a Althussera) a o naznačení jistých důsledků, které z takové konfrontace mohou vyplynout.
Srovnávací studie vybraných hledisek vývoje národní identity u dětí litevské a polské většiny a menšiny
Authors: Sawicki Wojciech
Published: January 2025

The study introduces a research project designed to compare the national identity of the children of the Lithuanian and Polish majority and minority in Poland. The project sought to understand the process of the development of national identity, national attitudes and prejudices as well as highlighting of the background upon which national identity of the "forthcoming generation" is being shaped. The sample of the respondents under consideration included seven age groups from four-year-old children to 16-year teenagers. As a result, the research monitors identity attitudes of children from the very beginning of the understanding of this phenomenon to the age of puberty. Of the aspects of national identity only the following were taken into account: (1) the importance of national identity in one's own mind; (2) the cognitive approach to foreigners and members of one's own nation; and (3) the knowledge of children of the process when they become members of a nation and their understanding of the process. This was motivated by the importance of national identity in one's own mind; the cognitive approach to foreigners and members of one's own nation; and the understanding of the process when children become members of a nation. The research mainly wanted to find answers to the following questions: 1. Do children under norma! circumstances denote themselves by means of categories of national identity and is this dimension of their identification important for them? 2. What are the criteria allowing a certain child to identity people with this or that nation? (The answer to this question will also help us ascertain what are the attitudes of children to the members of other nations and what is their definition of a nation.) 3. How do the children understand the process when they become members of a nation and what do they know about it? The study submits a research project of certain aspects in the development of national identity. The research is still continuing and only a part of the data has been collected. We will obtain through the research three types of information: 1. The data about the children themselves as revealed by them (the importance of the dimension of national identity); 2. The attitude of the children to the members of their own as well as other nations; 3. The children's knowledge of the process of integration into their own nation.