bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between serum uric acid and metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study in Bangladeshi adults
Authors: Ali Nurshad , Miah Rakib , Hasan Mahmudul , Barman Zitu , Mou Ananya Dutta , Hafsa Jaasia Momtahena , Trisha Aporajita Das , Hasan Akibul , Islam Farjana
Published: May 2020

Elevated levels of serum uric acid (SUA) have been suggested to associate with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, information is limited on the association between SUA and MetS in general adults. This study aimed to assess the relationship of SUA with MetS and its components in general adults in Bangladesh. A total of 420 participants were enrolled in this study and biochemical parameters including SUA, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid profile were analyzed using standard methods. The NECP criteria were applied to define MetS. The association of SUA with MetS and its components were evaluated by multinomial logistic regression models. The overall prevalence of MetS was 22% with 21.9% in males and 22.1% in female participants. Male subjects had a high prevalence of elevated components of MetS than in the female subjects (p < 0.05 for all cases). The mean concentration of SUA was significantly higher in subjects of the MetS group compared to the non-MetS group (p < 0.05). The components of MetS were raised with the increasing concentrations of SUA across the quartiles. In regression analysis, SUA was significantly associated with the prevalence of MetS in Bangladeshi adults. In conclusion, elevated SUA was significantly associated with the prevalence of MetS and its components.
A linear mass concentration detector for solvent gradient polymer separations
Authors: Mordan Emily H. , Wade James H. , Pearce Eric , Meunier David M. , Bailey Ryan C.
Published: May 2020

Silicon photonic microring resonators are an optical sensor utilized here as a detector for gradient elution liquid chromatography of polymers. Universal refractive index based detection and a linear mass concentration response is observed.
In situ thermal fabrication of copper sulfide–polymer hybrid nanostructures for tunable plasmon resonance
Authors: Peng Jing , Zheng Bo , Jia Shuyue , Gao Jingru , Tang Dongyan
Published: May 2020

Here, a novel strategy for fabricating plasmonic-polymer hybrid nanostructures via the in situ thermal synthesis of copper sulfide (CuS) nanocrystals within poly(N-vinyl caprolactam)-based microgels is presented.
A magneto-fluorescence bacteria assay strategy based on dual colour sulfide fluorescent nanoparticles with high near-IR conversion efficiency
Authors: Zhu Yanli , Wang Jikai , Sun Yiyang , Cai Qingyun
Published: May 2020

Ultra-bright CaS and SrS fluorescent nanoprobes coupling magnetic ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles applied in bacteria quantitative sensing and naked-eye analysis.
Label-free amplified fluorescence detection of DNA biomarkers based on KFP polymerase-driven double strand displacement reactions and magnetic nanoprobes
Authors: Sun Xia , Liu Yeling , Liu Liqi , Yin Fei , Liu Ruixin , Guo Tianyu , Li Xia , Xue Qingwang
Published: May 2020

Schematic illustration of the label-free amplified fluorescence detection of the P53 DNA based on KFP polymerase-driven double strand displacement reactions and magnetic nanoprobe.
Storage and release of two electrons from an electron-rich carbon–carbon bond: boron mediated reversible coupling of DMAP and 9-azajulolidine
Authors: Cui Yunshu , Xiang Libo , Wang Junyi , Li Chunlei , Hao Wei , Ye Qing
Published: May 2020

Two neutral super electron donors (SEDs) based on C–C single bond have been developed.
A 2-to-2′ 18-to-18′ doubly linked Ni(ii) norcorrole dimer: an effectively conjugated antiaromatic dyad
Authors: Liu Si-Yu , Kawashima Hiroyuki , Fukui Norihito , Shinokubo Hiroshi
Published: May 2020

A fused norcorrole dimer has been synthesized in which each norcorrole unit exhibited distinct antiaromaticity.
Binding selectivity and separation ofp-functionalized toluenes with a metallo-cavitand in water
Authors: Rahman Faiz-Ur , Yang Ji-Min , Wan Yun-Hui , Zhang Hui-Bin , Petsalakis Ioannis D. , Theodorakopoulos Giannoula , Rebek Julius , Yu Yang
Published: May 2020

A metallo-cavitand is investigated for selectivep-functionalized toluene isomer separation from its mixture witho- and/orm-isomers.
Life and death of liquid-infused surfaces: a review on the choice, analysis and fate of the infused liquid layer
Authors: Peppou-Chapman Sam , Hong Jun Ki , Waterhouse Anna , Neto Chiara
Published: May 2020

We review the rational choice, the analysis, the depletion and the properties imparted by the liquid layer in liquid-infused surfaces – a new class of low-adhesion surface.
Controlled binding of organic guests by stimuli-responsive macrocycles
Authors: Blanco-Gómez Arturo , Cortón Pablo , Barravecchia Liliana , Neira Iago , Pazos Elena , Peinador Carlos , García Marcos D.
Published: May 2020

Synthetic supramolecular chemistry pursues not only the construction of new matter, but also control over its inherently dynamic behaviour.
Peptides obtained from edible mushrooms: Hericium erinaceus offers the ability to scavenge free radicals and induce apoptosis in lung cancer cells in humans
Authors: Sangtitanu Taniya , Sangtanoo Papassara , Srimongkol Piroonporn , Saisavoey Tanatorn , Reamtong Onrapak , Karnchanatat Aphichart
Published: May 2020

This research examined the antioxidant abilities of peptides derived from the Hericium erinaceus mushroom produced via three microbial proteases at varying concentrations.
Identification and isolation of anti-pneumonia bioactive compounds from Opuntia ficus-indica fruit waste peels
Authors: Elkady Wafaa M. , Bishr Mokhtar M. , Abdel-Aziz Marwa M. , Salama Osama M.
Published: May 2020

Prickly pear fruit peel constitutes a high percentage of the fruit and could be a natural, economic agro-industrial waste of potential use in the nutraceutical industry.
Correction: Highly modulated supported triazolium-based ionic liquids: direct control of the electronic environment on Cu nanoparticles
Authors: Valdebenito Cristián , Pinto Jose , Nazarkovsky Michael , Chacón Gustavo , Martínez-Ferraté Oriol , Wrighton-Araneda Kerry , Cortés-Arriagada Diego , Camarada María Belén , Alves Fernandes Jesum , Abarca Gabriel
Published: May 2020

Correction for ‘Highly modulated supported triazolium-based ionic liquids: direct control of the electronic environment on Cu nanoparticles’ by Cristián Valdebenito et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2020, 2, 1325–1332. DOI: 10.1039/d0na00055h.
Chemical and electrochemical synthesis of graphene oxide – a generalized view
Authors: Nishina Yuta , Eigler Siegfried
Published: May 2020

This is a tutorial review based on the laboratory experience on the synthesis of graphene oxide using chemical and electrochemical methods.
In situ TEM observation of the vapor–solid–solid growth of <001̄> InAs nanowires
Authors: Sun Qiang , Pan Dong , Li Meng , Zhao Jianhua , Chen Pingping , Lu Wei , Zou Jin
Published: May 2020

The VSS growth of InAs <001̄> nanowires has been observed at the atomic level in the in situ TEM heating.
Biosafety materials: an emerging new research direction of materials science from the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Yu Yingjie , Bu Fanqiang , Zhou Huiling , Wang Yongheng , Cui Jianxun , Wang Xing , Nie Guohui , Xiao Haihua
Published: May 2020

We first officially propose the brand-new concept of “biosafety materials”, which utilizes materials science to solve biosafety problems.
Development of TsDPEN based imine-containing ligands for the copper-catalysed asymmetric Kinugasa reaction
Authors: Xu Chuanlong , Yang Yuchen , Wu Yue , He Feilong , He Huakang , Deng Ping , Zhou Hui
Published: May 2020

A novel class of chiral N,N,N imine-containing ligands derived from TsDPEN has been developed and applied to the copper-catalyzed asymmetric Kinugasa reaction.
Use of an asparaginyl endopeptidase for chemo-enzymatic peptide and protein labeling
Authors: Tang T. M. Simon , Cardella Davide , Lander Alexander J. , Li Xuefei , Escudero Jorge S. , Tsai Yu-Hsuan , Luk Louis Y. P.
Published: May 2020

Asparaginyl endopeptidases (AEP) are ideal for peptide and protein labeling. Its pairing with a simple chemical reaction significantly lowers the amount of label needed for effective bioconjugation.
A novel production of phase-divided jet-fuel-range hydrocarbons and phenol-enriched chemicals from catalytic co-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass with low-density polyethylene over carbon catalysts
Authors: Duan Dengle , Zhang Yayun , Lei Hanwu , Qian Moriko , Villota Elmar , Wang Chenxi , Wang Yunpu , Ruan Roger
Published: May 2020

The catalytic co-pyrolysis of Douglas fir and low-density polyethylene with commercial activated carbon catalysts was investigated for the first time.
Recent advances in electrospun one-dimensional carbon nanofiber structures/heterostructures as anode materials for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Yue Luchao , Zhao Haitao , Wu Zhenguo , Liang Jie , Lu Siyu , Chen Guang , Gao Shuyan , Zhong Benhe , Guo Xiaodong , Sun Xuping
Published: May 2020

We summarize recent advances in electrospun carbon nanofiber (CNF)-based structures as Na-ion battery anodes, providing in-depth understanding of structure design, heteroatom doping and construction of alloy/metal chalcogenide-CNF heterostructures.
Quasi-solid state nanoparticle/(ionic liquid) gels with significantly high ionic thermoelectric properties
Authors: He Xu , Cheng Hanlin , Yue Shizhong , Ouyang Jianyong
Published: May 2020

An ionogel made of EMIM-DCA and SiO2nanoparticles can exhibit an ionic thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of 1.47.
Correction: Combination of PEG-decorated black phosphorus nanosheets and immunoadjuvant for photoimmunotherapy of melanoma
Authors: Wan Shiyu , Zhang Boya , Li Sai , He Bin , Pu Yuji
Published: May 2020

Correction for ‘Combination of PEG-decorated black phosphorus nanosheets and immunoadjuvant for photoimmunotherapy of melanoma’ by Shiyu Wan et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2020, 8, 2805–2813.
Dopant-free polymeric hole transport materials for efficient CsPbI2Br perovskite cells with a fill factor exceeding 84%
Authors: Wang Pang , Wang Hui , Jeong Mingyu , Lee Sang Myeon , Du Baocai , Mao Yuchao , Ye Fanghao , Zhang Huijun , Li Donghui , Liu Dan , Yang Changduk , Wang Tao
Published: May 2020

p-Type semiconductor PBDB-T and its derivatives have been explored as dopant-free hole transport materials for CsPbI2Br inorganic perovskite solar cells, with PBDB-T-Si enabling a PCE of 15.6% and FF exceeding 84%.
Correction: High-performance blue perovskite light-emitting diodes based on the “far-field plasmonic effect” of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Xu Tianfei , Li Wei , Wu Xiaoyan , Ahmadi Mahshid , Xu Long , Chen Ping
Published: May 2020

Correction for ‘High-performance blue perovskite light-emitting diodes based on the “far-field plasmonic effect” of gold nanoparticles’ by Tianfei Xu et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0tc01027h.
Stability Analysis of Different Stiffened Plates in Thermal-Mechanical Coupling Environments
Authors: Ma Liang , Ma Yu'e , Qin Qiang
Published: May 2020

In view of the structural stability problem of different typical stiffened panels under different loading conditions, ABAQUS software was used to build finite element models of four typical stiffened panels with the same cross section area. The buckling and post-buckling response of the stiffened panels was analyzed and buckling modes and deflection curves of stiffened panels under mechanical, temperature and thermal-mechanical coupling load were obtained. The result indicates that T type stiffened plate shows great stability under mechanical load, the maximum load is 281KN, which is much higher than that of other types of stiffened panels. The maximum load of a stiffened panel is little affected by the direction of the fillet, but reasonable layout of panels can greatly reduce the out-of-plane displacement of the stiffened panel. There is no obvious pre-buckling process when a panel is under thermal-mechanical coupling load and the post-buckling response is roughly similar as that under mechanical load. But the maximum load of a stiffened plate will decrease by 8%-15% due to the application of temperature load.
Effects of Geometrical Parameters of Internal Blown Flap and Its Optimal Design
Authors: Liu Rui , Bai Junqiang , Qiu Yasong , Gao Guozhu
Published: May 2020

The internal blown flap was numerically simulated. Firstly, a parameterization method was developed, which can properly describe the shape of the internal blown flap according to such geometrical parameters as flap chord length, flap deflection, height of blowing slot and its position. Then the reliability of the numerical simulation was validated through comparing the pressure distribution of the CC020-010EJ fundamental generic circulation control airfoil with the computational results and available experiment results. The effects of the geometrical parameters on the aerodynamic performance of the internal blown flap was investigated. The investigation results show that the lift coefficient increases with the increase of flap chord length and flap deflection angle and with the decrease of height of blowing slot and its front position. Lastly, a method of optimal design of the geometrical parameters of the internal blown flap was developed. The design variables include flap chord length, flap deflection, height of blowing slot and its position. The optimal design is based on maximum lift coefficient, the angle of attack of 5 degrees and the design constraint of stall angle of attack of less than 9 degrees. The optimization results show that the optimal design method can apparently raise the lift coefficient of an internal blown flap up to 1.7.
Quasi-2D Performance Analysis for Axial Compressors Based on Time-Marching Method
Authors: Zhang Tong , Yang Chen , Wu Hu , Li Jinguang
Published: May 2020

In order to get a fast performance analysis tool for multi-stage axial compressors, a quasi-two dimensional analysis model based on time-marching method is developed in this paper. The model is based on Euler equation, and several source terms, like inviscid blade force model and viscous force model, are added to simulate different phenomena of compressor internal flow. The flow line in blade area is adjusted to solve the discontinuity problem at blade leading edge. Two test cases-PW3S1, a 3.5-stage axial compressor and a 1.5-stage high-speed axial compressor, are presented to validate the quasi-2D model. The overall performance characteristics of two compressors at different rotation speed are calculated then. The computed results are compared with experimental data or 3D results. The average errors of pressure ratio and efficiency are 0.52% and 0.63% in PW3S1 case, 1.73% and 2.91% in 1.5-stage compressor case, and the model is able to capture shock wave and to predict choke condition.
Effect of High Temperature Oxidation on Infrared Irradiation of Stainless Steel 304
Authors: Hu Yisong , Jiang Wei , Luo Fa , Huang Zhibin
Published: May 2020

The effect of 304 stainless steel oxidation at 800℃ for 0.5, 2, 10, 25, 100 and 200 h, respectively, on its weight gain, surface microphotograph, composition, and infrared emissivity were investigated in the paper. The results show that, with increasing the oxidation time, the weight gain rate decreased gradually. At the initial stage of surface oxidation, Fe oxide was mainly formed. The surface composition changed from Fe oxide to large flake Cr Mn oxide with the increasing of oxidation time. Polished and unoxidized stainless steel 304 showed low infrared emissivity, the infrared emissivity increased rapidly with the extension of oxidation time.
RheumaPreis 2020
Authors: Spirgat Corinna
Published: May 2020

„Gemeinsam AufRheumen am Arbeitsplatz“ – unter diesem Motto ruft die Initiative RheumaPreis in diesem Jahr zum 12. Mal dazu auf, sich für die gleichnamige Auszeichnung zu bewerben. Denn „aufzurheumen“ gibt es noch immer vieles, wenn es darum geht, trotz einer entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankung weiter berufstätig zu sein. Die Initiative „RheumaPreis“ sucht daher auch in diesem Jahr wieder Menschen mit Rheuma, denen es gemeinsam mit ihren Arbeitgebern gelungen ist, ihr Arbeitsumfeld umzugestalten und so ihren Arbeitsplatz und die Freude am Beruf zu erhalten. Bewerbungen für den RheumaPreis können bis zum 30. Juni 2020 eingereicht werden.
Struktur und Efferenzen der Substantia nigra pars compacta beim idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndrom
Authors: Urban Peter , Falkenburger Bjorn , Jost Wolfgang H. , Ransmayr Gerhard , Riederer Peter , Winkler Christian
Published: May 2020

Es besteht Konsens, dass das neuropathologische Merkmal des idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndroms (IPS) der neuronale Zellverlust der Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in Verbindung mit einer Lewy-Pathologie ist. Die transsynaptische Ausbreitung der Lewy-Pathologie wird als wesentlich in der Parkinson-Pathogenese angesehen. Daher ist die Kenntnis präexistenter neuroanatomischer Verbindungen der SNc wesentlich. Wir beschreiben hier neuere tierexperimentelle Befunde zu den afferenten und efferenten Projektionen der SNc und diskutieren die Evidenz für und gegen die sequentielle transsynaptische Ausbreitung der Lewy-Pathologie in der Pathogenese des IPS.
Der kardiogene Schock
Authors: Samol Alexander , Lebiedz Pia
Published: May 2020

Bei einem kardiogenen Schock kommt es durch ein akut reduziertes Herzzeitvolumen zu einer peripheren Minderdurchblutung. Die häufigste Ursache für einen kardiogenen Schock ist eine akute myokardiale Ischämie. Die Diagnose des kardiogenen Schocks wird klinisch (Akrenzyanose, Kaltschweißigkeit etc.), laborchemisch (BNP, Laktat) und apparativ (Echokardiografie, erweitertes hämodynamisches Monitoring) gestellt. Therapeutisch ist die schnellstmögliche Beseitigung der zugrunde liegenden Pathologie entscheidend. Dies beinhaltet die myokardiale Revaskularisierung bei Ischämie, aber auch die sofortige Punktion bzw. Drainage bei einer Perikardtamponade oder die Lysetherapie bei der Lungenarterienembolie. Zusätzlich kann die Kreislaufdepression beim kardiogenen Schock durch kreislaufunterstützende Medikamente wie z. B. Katecholamine therapiert werden. In den letzten Jahren kommen zunehmend öfter mechanische intra- oder extrakorporale Unterstützungssysteme zum Einsatz. Trotz Verbesserung der Therapiemöglichkeit bleibt die Letalität des kardiogenen Schocks unverändert hoch bei ca. 40–50 %.
Das akute Lungenversagen (ARDS) und Einsatzspektrum der ECMO-Unterstützung
Authors: Fuehner Thomas
Published: May 2020

Über viele Jahrzehnte galt die invasive Beatmung als die letzte Eskalationsstufe intensivmedizinischer Maßnahmen für Patienten mit einem akuten Lungenversagen. In den letzten 2 Jahrzehnten kamen als weitere Maßnahmen vermehrt extrakorporale Gasaustauschsysteme „künstliche Lungen“ zum Einsatz (Extracorporeal-life-support, ECLS-Systeme). Die Anzahl der Anwendungen hat in den letzten Jahren bei schwerstkranken Patienten deutlich zugenommen, trotz einer qualitativ geringen wissenschaftlichen Datenlage. Befürworter des Verfahrens betonen, dass es sich um ein Lungenersatzverfahren handelt und um keine Therapie im eigentlichen Sinne. Damit wird auf die sensible Indikationsstellung hingewiesen, die das vermeintliche Regenerationspotenzial des akuten Lungenversagens richtig einschätzen muss. Ein häufiges Problem von klinischen Studien im Bereich der Intensivmedizin ist das heterogene Patientenkollektiv. Die meisten Intensivpatienten sind hochkomplex erkrankt, sodass entweder die Kohorten sehr klein sind oder doch eine Verzerrung diskutiert werden muss. Dieses Problem hatten bisher natürlich auch ECMO-Studien. Die aktuell ablaufende SARS-Coronavirus-2-Pandemie bietet eventuell die Gelegenheit einer homogenen ARDS-Patientengruppe. Extrakorporale Gasaustauschsysteme sollten in spezialisierten Zentren mit ausreichender Erfahrung angewendet werden für eine kritische Indikationsstellung und eine möglichst komplikationsarme technische Durchführung.
Gold-Catalyzed Partial Hydrogenation of Activated Alkynes Mediated by Triphenylphosphine
Authors: Porcel Susana , Cocoletzi-Xochitiotzi Ana Patricia , Hernández-Hernández Miguel , Medina-Mercado Ignacio , Jiménez-Martínez Williams de Jesús , Mastranzo Virginia Maricela
Published: May 2020

Gold(I) can exhibit a cooperative effect with triphenylphosphine, accelerating the triphenylphosphine-mediated partial hydrogenation of activated alkynes. In this protocol, 3-arylpropiolates are selectively reduced to the Z-isomer when the aryl ring bears an electron-donor substituent, whereas 3-arylpropynones are reduced to the E-isomers.
An Unusual Granular Ulcer Secondary Oral Tuberculosis of Vestibule Mandibular Mucosa
Authors: Valenzuela-Narváez Rocío , Valenzuela Daniel A. , Valenzuela Daniel R. , Bailón Aguilar , Machco Heriberto , Mena Carla , Córdova María , Mejía Cris , Estrada Ana
Published: May 2020

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the oral cavity, clinical manifestations are considered atypical lesions. The aim of this study was to report an unusual granular ulcer secondary oral TB that does not heal, chronic, had irregular appearance with deep depression of 2 cm in diameter, and was located in buccal mucosa of the premolar area–the left mandibular arch, of a 42-year-old woman. The patient was subjected to surgical excision of ulcer in its entirety and accordingly a periodontal plastic surgery in the area of the lesion was performed positioning an autograft subepithelial connective tissue. We obtained optimal results in improving oral health, function, and patient’s comfort, in postoperative controls at 15, 30, and 60 days, respectively.
In Vivo Evaluation of Painful Symptomatology after Endodontic Treatment Performed Using Two Different Irrigation Needle Insertion Depths
Authors: Tavares Sarah Gutierrez , Fontana Carlos Eduardo , Martin Alexandre Sigrist De , Pinheiro Sérgio Luiz , Pelegrine Rina Andrea , Rocha Daniel Guimarães Pedro
Published: May 2020

Objective The main purpose of this study was to evaluate pain symptoms in patients after endodontic treatment performed in a single session in teeth with vitality or pulp necrosis, comparing two depths of insertion of the NaviTip irrigation needle.

Materials and Methods One-hundred upper uniradicular teeth were selected and divided into four groups (n = 25), namely Bio group 1 (live pulp/1 mm from the foramen), Bio group 3 (live pulp/3 mm from the foramen), Necro group 1 (pulp necrosis/1 mm from the foramen), and Necro group 3 (pulp necrosis/3 mm from the foramen). All canals were instrumented with Wave One Gold System. Irrigation was performed using 2.5% NaOCl. The teeth were filled using the single-cone technique with AH Plus sealer using a McSpadden compactor. After treatment, patients answered a questionnaire with a visual analog scale scored from 0 to 10 at 1, 3, and 7 days after treatment.

Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U, Wilcoxon, and Friedman tests.

Results There was a decrease in average pain levels at the three time points for both vital and necrotic teeth (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in postoperative pain levels comparing needle depth, or vitality and pulp necrosis (p > 0.05). The percentage of mild pain increased over time and moderate pain decreased, regardless of pulp condition. There was no incidence of acute pain at any time.

Conclusions Post-treatment endodontic pain levels in upper uniradicular teeth with or without pulp vitality resulted in similar pain scores, regardless of the depth of insertion of the irrigation needle in relation to the apical foramen.
A Case of Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus Due to INS Gene Mutation with Maternal Mosaicism and Atypical Presentation
Authors: Vyas Varuna , K. Deepthi , Singh Kuldeep
Published: May 2020

Neonatal diabetes mellitus is a single gene defect that results in diabetes mellitus in the first 6 months of life. We report a child who was diagnosed to be hyperglycemic at 13 months of life and assumed to have type 1 diabetes mellitus and started on insulin. The child came to us at 2 and 1/2 years of age. He had exceptionally good blood glucose control. His history revealed that he was symptomatic with a voracious appetite and poor weight gain since the second half of infancy. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous mutation of the INS gene (the gene that codes for insulin). The condition has autosomal dominant inheritance. Testing the parents revealed that the mother had 7.8% mosaicism for this variant in her lymphocyte DNA. Though this did not alter the management of the patient, it did help in counseling the parents regarding risk of recurrence in future pregnancies.
Neurological Nuance: Sporadic Burkitt's Lymphoma Presenting with Guillain–Barre Syndrome
Authors: Bouattour Nadia , Kamoun Fatma , Charfi Slim , Nsir Siham Ben , Bouchaala Wafa , Boudawara Tahya , Triki Chahnez
Published: May 2020

Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is a high-grade mature B cell neoplasm. Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS) is very rare. In contrast, BL can be localized in any part of the body and may spread to the CNS. Peripheral nervous system impairment caused by BL has been thoroughly described. However, Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) does not commonly appear as an initial manifestation of BL. We presented the case of a young child with sporadic BL with neuromeningeal involvement and spinal cord compression whose first clinical manifestation was the appearance of GBS. Lymphoma should be taken into account, especially in children presenting with the clinical features of acute polyradiculoneuropathy.
A Novel c.968C > T homozygous Mutation in the Polynucleotide Kinase 3′ − Phosphatase Gene Related to the Syndrome of Microcephaly, Seizures, and Developmental Delay
Authors: Marcilla Vázquez Carlos , Carrascosa Romero María del Carmen , Martínez Gutiérrez Andrés , Baquero Cano María , Alfaro Ponce Blanca , Dabad Moreno María Jesús
Published: May 2020

Microcephaly is defined by a head circumference that is at least two standard deviations below the mean for age and sex of the general population in a specific race. Primary microcephaly may occur as an isolated inborn error, which may damage to the central nervous system or as part of the congenital abnormalities associated with genetic syndrome, affecting multiple organ systems. One of the syndromic forms consists of microcephaly, seizures, and developmental delay caused by biallelic mutations in the gene that encode polynucleotide kinase 3′ − phosphatase protein (PNKP). In this article, we reported a newborn male who presented with microcephaly, severe developmental delay, and early-onset refractories seizures, caused by a novel homozygous mutation of the PNKP gene.
Laser-induced fluorescence measurements of ion fluctuations in electron and ion presheaths
Authors: Hood R. , Baalrud S. D. , Merlino R. L. , Skiff F.
Published: May 2020

Electrostatic flow-driven instabilities have been predicted in the presheath region of low-temperature plasmas for both ion and electron rich sheaths. The ion-acoustic fluctuations that arise from these instabilities can influence transport through an enhanced collision rate. In this work, ion fluctuation spectra were measured using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) in the presheath region for both sheath polarities. The non-invasive nature of LIF compared to that of probes is particularly valuable for these measurements because the sheath and presheath around a probe may generate their own flow-driven instabilities, which obscure the measurement. Measurements were made using a recently implemented field programmable gate array-based system able to measure ion fluctuation spectra up to 1 MHz using a two-point correlation function technique. Narrow bandwidth ion fluctuations were observed near 0.46fpi (460 kHz) for both sheath polarities, where fpi is the ion plasma frequency. The observed fluctuations were significantly stronger in the electron sheath case and were observed over a larger volume of plasma. Fluctuations were measured in the ion sheath case at locations far enough from the sheath that linear theory predicts stability, suggesting that ion-acoustic instabilities generated in the relatively small unstable region near the boundary reflect from the sheath and perturb a much larger volume of the plasma. This is expected to affect probes with both ion and electron rich sheaths, meaning any dc biased probe may effectively act as an ion-acoustic wave antenna. These measurements are consistent with the recent theory and particle-in-cell results.
Gravel packing: How does it work?
Authors: Sarraf Shirazi A. , Frigaard I. A.
Published: May 2020

Oil and gas wells undergo completion operations before being able to produce. In the case where the surrounding reservoir is poorly consolidated, a popular method is open hole gravel packing. This proceeds by pumping a sand suspension along the annular region between the borehole wall and a cylindrical screen, sized to allow hydraulic conductivity but to prevent the passage of sand. Kilometers of sand can be successfully placed in horizontal wells, in what is called α–β packing. Although widely used, there is no clear and concise explanation of how these operations work, i.e., How does a steady (and apparently stable) traveling α-wave emerge? We develop such a model and explanation here. We explain how bed height is selected via coupling between the inner and outer annuli and from the combined hydraulic relations of inner and outer annuli. We investigate the effects of important parameters such as the slurry flow rate, mean solid concentration, washpipe diameter, and leak-off rate on gravel packing flows, to give a fluid mechanics framework within which this process can be easily understood.
Measurement of the densities of plasma and ambient gas particles using a short direct current discharge
Authors: Yuan C. , Yao J. , Demidov V. I. , Kurlyandskaya I. P. , Konovalova I. I. , Kudryavtsev A. A. , Zhou Z.
Published: May 2020

In this work, a short direct current (dc) discharge that lacks a positive column for the measurement of the densities of plasma and ambient gas particles is demonstrated and studied. It is shown that a sensor based on the discharge can provide the absolute measurement of the densities of plasma and ambient gas particles at low-pressures (between 0.3 and 7 Torr). This sensor may work for afterglow plasma and active dc discharge. It also has a wide dynamic range of measurements and, depending on the studied species, its resolution can be in the range of a fraction of 1 ppb to a fraction of 1 ppm. The sensor is able to survive and function in harsh environments, including at cryogenic and high temperatures, in the presence of toxic substances, and at elevated ionizing radiation and vibration levels.
Improving near-room-temperature thermoelectrics in SnTe–MnTe alloys
Authors: Chen Zhiyu , Tang Jing , Guo Xuming , Zhang Fujie , Tang Mingjing , Xiong Fen , Chen Yue , Ang Ran
Published: May 2020

The rich capabilities for both electronic and phonon engineering in SnTe are highly desirable for achieving high thermoelectric performance. Alloying high-solubility MnTe (∼15%) leads to substitutional defects for reducing lattice thermal conductivity and band convergence for enhancing electronic performance, and thus, an improvement of thermoelectric performance of SnTe is realized. However, there is no evidence that the electronic and phonon transport properties are fully optimized in SnTe-15%MnTe thermoelectrics, especially for the near-room-temperature (< 573 K) thermoelectric performance, which still needs a sufficient promotion. Here, the substituted 2% Bi in SnTe-15%MnTe alloys dramatically increases the near-room-temperature zT and peak zT to ∼0.72 (at 550 K) and ∼1.3 (at 850 K), respectively. Combining the experimental evidence and the first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that the prominent enhancement of electronic performance arises from the Bi-doping-driven transport valence band alignment and the carrier concentration optimization. Furthermore, the Debye–Callaway model verifies that the reduction in lattice thermal conductivity is dominated by the Bi substitutional defects. The present findings reveal the importance of transport engineering in achieving high thermoelectric performance particularly near room temperature.
Deep learning for NLTE spectral opacities
Authors: Kluth G. , Humbird K. D. , Spears B. K. , Peterson J. L. , Scott H. A. , Patel M. V. , Koning J. , Marinak M. , Divol L. , Young C. V.
Published: May 2020

Computer simulations of high energy density science experiments are computationally challenging, consisting of multiple physics calculations including radiation transport, hydrodynamics, atomic physics, nuclear reactions, laser–plasma interactions, and more. To simulate inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments at high fidelity, each of these physics calculations should be as detailed as possible. However, this quickly becomes too computationally expensive even for modern supercomputers, and thus many simplifying assumptions are made to reduce the required computational time. Much of the research has focused on acceleration techniques for the various packages in multiphysics codes. In this work, we explore a novel method for accelerating physics packages via machine learning. The non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) package is one of the most expensive calculations in the simulations of indirect drive inertial confinement fusion, taking several tens of percent of the total wall clock time. We explore the use of machine learning to accelerate this package, by essentially replacing the physics calculation with a deep neural network that has been trained to emulate the physics code. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach on a simple problem and perform a side-by-side comparison of the physics calculation and the neural network inline in an ICF Hohlraum simulation. We show that the neural network achieves a 10× speed up in NLTE computational time while achieving good agreement with the physics code for several quantities of interest.
Generalizing the Marcus equation
Authors: Parson William W.
Published: May 2020

The Marcus equation for the rate of an electron-transfer reaction can be generalized to cover larger electronic-interaction matrix elements, irregular free-energy surfaces, and coupling to multiple vibrational modes and to recognize the different effects of vibrational relaxations and pure dephasing. Almost all the information needed to calculate the rate constant can be obtained from a quantum-classical molecular dynamics simulation of the system in the reactant state. Because the final expression for the rate constant does not depend on the reorganization energy, it is insensitive to slow relaxations that follow the reaction.
The marine planktonic dinoflagellate Tripos: 60 years of species-level distributions in Australian waters
Authors: Hallegraeff Gustaaf , Eriksen Ruth , Davies Claire , Slotwinski Anita , McEnnulty Felicity , Coman Frank , Uribe-Palomino Julian , Tonks Mark , Richardson Anthony
Published: May 2020

We reviewed 15572 Australian species-level records of the marine planktonic dinoflagellate Tripos Bory (formerly Ceratium Schrank, a genus now restricted to freshwater species). The genus is represented by over 50 species and numerous varieties and forms in Australian tropical, subtropical and temperate marine waters and the Southern Ocean. There exists considerable plasticity in the morphology of many species, which has confounded species delimitations and created uncertainty around their spatial distributions. We newly illustrate by light and electron microscopy the rarely reported Tripos hundhausenii (Schröd.) Hallegr. & Huisman comb. nov. first described from the Arabian Sea, but increasingly being observed in Sydney coastal waters. A large number of Tripos species are widely distributed in temperate, subtropical and tropical waters and their distributions have remained remarkably stable in Australian waters over the past 60–80 years. By contrast, we identified a narrow group of warm-water species, including T. belone (Cleve) F.Gómez, T. cephalotus (Lemmerm.) F.Gómez, T. dens (Ostenf. & E.J.Schmidt) F.Gómez, T. digitatus (F.Schütt) F.Gómez, T. gravidus (Gourret) F.Gómez, T. incisus (G.Karst.) F.Gómez, T. paradoxides (Cleve) F.Gómez and T. praelongus (Lemmerm.) F.Gómez, that are commonly encountered off Sydney, rarely found down to Eden and Batemans Bay or Bass Strait, but occasionally occur as far south as King Island and Maria Island, Tasmania. These rare tropical Tripos species are carried southward by the East Australian and Leeuwin Currents and deserve careful attention in monitoring for future range expansions, changes in seasonality or upwelling or incursion of deep tropical waters.
Nonlinear hydrodynamic instability and turbulence in pulsatile flow
Authors: Xu Duo , Varshney Atul , Ma Xingyu , Song Baofang , Riedl Michael , Avila Marc , Hof Björn
Published: May 2020

Significance

The inner lining of blood vessels, the endothelium, is shear sensitive. Fluctuating shear stresses and disordered flow are responsible for cellular dysfunction, leading to the development of atherosclerotic lesions. We here identify a nonlinear hydrodynamic instability that gives rise to disordered motion in the parameter range of cardiovascular flow. During flow deceleration small geometrical imperfections trigger a helical vortex pattern that subsequently breaks down into bursts of turbulence. The resulting fluctuating shear stress level drops abruptly during the acceleration where flow relaminarization sets in. The observed instability occurs at considerably lower flowrates than either the linear instability or the classic route to turbulence. Our study shows that disordered motion is more common in pulsatile/cardiovascular flows than previous stability considerations suggest.
Evaluation of plant sources for antiinfective lead compound discovery by correlating phylogenetic, spatial, and bioactivity data
Authors: Holzmeyer Laura , Hartig Anne-Kathrin , Franke Katrin , Brandt Wolfgang , Muellner-Riehl Alexandra N. , Wessjohann Ludger A. , Schnitzler Jan
Published: May 2020

Significance

The continued high rates of using antibiotics in healthcare and livestock, without sufficient new compounds reaching the market, has led to a dramatic increase in antimicrobial resistance, with multidrug-resistant bacteria emerging as a major public health threat worldwide. Because the vast majority of antiinfectives are natural products or have originated from them, we assessed the predictive power of plant molecular phylogenies and species distribution modeling in the search for clades and areas which promise to provide a higher probability of delivering new antiinfective compound leads. Our approach enables taxonomically and spatially targeted bioprospecting and supports the battle against the global antimicrobial crisis.
Evolution of vancomycin-resistant
Enterococcus faecium
during colonization and infection in immunocompromised pediatric patients
Authors: Chilambi Gayatri Shankar , Nordstrom Hayley R. , Evans Daniel R. , Ferrolino Jose A. , Hayden Randall T. , Marón Gabriela M. , Vo Anh N. , Gilmore Michael S. , Wolf Joshua , Rosch Jason W. , Van Tyne Daria
Published: May 2020

Patients with hematological malignancies or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are vulnerable to colonization and infection with multidrug-resistant organisms, including vancomycin-resistant
Enterococcus faecium
(VREfm). Over a 10-y period, we collected and sequenced the genomes of 110 VREfm isolates from gastrointestinal and blood cultures of 24 pediatric patients undergoing chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematological malignancy at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. We used patient-specific reference genomes to identify variants that arose over time in subsequent gastrointestinal and blood isolates from each patient and analyzed these variants for insight into how VREfm adapted during colonization and bloodstream infection within each patient. Variants were enriched in genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and phenotypic analysis identified associated differences in carbohydrate utilization among isolates. In particular, a Y585C mutation in the sorbitol operon transcriptional regulator
gutR
was associated with increased bacterial growth in the presence of sorbitol. We also found differences in biofilm-formation capability between isolates and observed that increased biofilm formation correlated with mutations in the putative
E. faecium
capsular polysaccharide (
cps
) biosynthetic locus, with different mutations arising independently in distinct genetic backgrounds. Isolates with
cps
mutations showed improved survival following exposure to lysozyme, suggesting a possible reason for the selection of capsule-lacking bacteria. Finally, we observed mutations conferring increased tolerance of linezolid and daptomycin in patients who were treated with these antibiotics. Overall, this study documents known and previously undescribed ways that VREfm evolve during intestinal colonization and subsequent bloodstream infection in immunocompromised pediatric patients.
Prefrontal–hippocampal functional connectivity encodes recognition memory and is impaired in intellectual disability
Authors: Alemany-González Maria , Gener Thomas , Nebot Pau , Vilademunt Marta , Dierssen Mara , Puig M. Victoria
Published: May 2020

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common form of intellectual disability. The cognitive alterations in DS are thought to depend on brain regions critical for learning and memory such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus (HPC). Neuroimaging studies suggest that increased brain connectivity correlates with lower intelligence quotients (IQ) in individuals with DS; however, its contribution to cognitive impairment is unresolved. We recorded neural activity in the PFC and HPC of the trisomic Ts65Dn mouse model of DS during quiet wakefulness, natural sleep, and the performance of a memory test. During rest, trisomic mice showed increased theta oscillations and cross-frequency coupling in the PFC and HPC while prefrontal–hippocampal synchronization was strengthened, suggesting hypersynchronous local and cross-regional processing. During sleep, slow waves were reduced, and gamma oscillations amplified in Ts65Dn mice, likely reflecting prolonged light sleep. Moreover, hippocampal sharp-wave ripples were disrupted, which may have further contributed to deficient memory consolidation. Memory performance in euploid mice correlated strongly with functional connectivity measures that indicated a hippocampal control over memory acquisition and retrieval at theta and gamma frequencies, respectively. By contrast, trisomic mice exhibited poor memory abilities and disordered prefrontal–hippocampal functional connectivity. Memory performance and key neurophysiological alterations were rescued after 1 month of chronic administration of a green tea extract containing epigallocatequin-3-gallate (EGCG), which improves executive function in young adults with DS and Ts65Dn mice. Our findings suggest that abnormal prefrontal–hippocampal circuit dynamics are candidate neural mechanisms for memory impairment in DS.
Maternal glyphosate exposure causes autism-like behaviors in offspring through increased expression of soluble epoxide hydrolase
Authors: Pu Yaoyu , Yang Jun , Chang Lijia , Qu Youge , Wang Siming , Zhang Kai , Xiong Zhongwei , Zhang Jiancheng , Tan Yunfei , Wang Xingming , Fujita Yuko , Ishima Tamaki , Wan Debin , Hwang Sung Hee , Hammock Bruce D. , Hashimoto Kenji
Published: May 2020

Significance

Maternal exposure to high levels of the herbicide glyphosate may increase the risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Maternal glyphosate exposure during pregnancy and lactation caused ASD-like behavioral abnormalities and abnormal composition of gut microbiota in murine male offspring. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in the brain of offspring after maternal glyphosate exposure was higher than controls. Treatment with an sEH inhibitor from pregnancy to weaning prevented the onset of ASD-like behavioral abnormalities in offspring after maternal glyphosate exposure. The glyphosate exposures used here exceed any reasonable dietary, environmental, or occupational exposure, but they indicate that increased sEH plays a role in ASD-like behaviors in offspring.
Multiple epithelia are required to develop teeth deep inside the pharynx
Authors: Oralová Veronika , Rosa Joana Teixeira , Larionova Daria , Witten P. Eckhard , Huysseune Ann
Published: May 2020

Significance

Many vertebrates possess teeth deep in the pharynx. While teeth are known to derive from odontodes (skin denticles), it is unknown if an external epithelium is still required to produce a pharyngeal tooth, such as for odontode formation. Here, we show that the epithelial enamel organ of pharyngeal teeth in zebrafish is formed from endoderm, i.e. the internal germ layer. However, teeth develop 1) only when this endoderm becomes covered by a layer of cells with features of a periderm, i.e., the outer epithelial covering of the embryo; and 2) only when the endoderm has physically contacted the skin at the prospective gill slits. Thus, multiple epithelia are engaged in tooth formation, whether oral (mammals) or pharyngeal (teleosts).
Linguistic disadvantage before the law
Authors: Ng Eva N.S.
Published: May 2020

This chapter builds on my research into the
interactional dynamics in the unique bilingual Hong Kong courtroom,
where interpretation is, by and large, provided for the linguistic
majority. Drawing on authentic courtroom data, this study
demonstrates how non-native English speaking (NNES) witnesses, by
waiving their right to an interpreter, can be disadvantaged due to
their linguistic incompetence. It explores how NNES witnesses are
further disadvantaged in the antagonistic process of
cross-examination, as counsel frequently violate the Gricean
Cooperative Principle. It also discusses how this might compromise
the access of other NNES court participants such as jurors to the
trial in its entirety in the special context of the Hong Kong
courtroom, and potentially impact the delivery of justice.
Exploring role expectations of healthcare interpreters in New
Zealand
Authors: Crezee Ineke H.M. , Jülich Shirley
Published: May 2020

Reports from practising healthcare interpreters
in New Zealand suggest that they and the health professionals they
work with often have conflicting understandings of the healthcare
interpreter role. This chapter reports on the findings of a series
of surveys among health professionals and healthcare interpreters in
New Zealand designed to investigate these differences. Separate
surveys were posted for health professionals and healthcare
interpreters respectively and answers as to role expectations were
compared. The survey findings showed that health professionals’ role
expectations conflicted with the code of ethics followed by New
Zealand trained interpreters in some key areas. It is hoped that
these findings may provide insights which can be addressed in
interpreter education or in professional development sessions for
health professionals working with interpreters.
Overcoming language barriers in the Spanish healthcare
context
Authors: Valero Garcés Carmen
Published: May 2020

The progression towards multicultural societies
impacts on the quality of communication between professionals and
their clients. This chapter focuses on the analysis of communication
in a specific setting, namely the Spanish healthcare system, and
concludes that language is a significant barrier to optimal patient
outcomes. An analysis is given of one of the approaches used to
mitigate the language barriers between medical professional and
patient: INTER+MED, a project which aimed to design training for,
coordinate and monitor a team of interlingual and intercultural
mediators working in health centres in the Madrid region of central
Spain. An analysis of the data obtained from surveys of patients and
professionals is presented, followed by a discussion of themes which
emerged from the interpreter observation forms pertaining to
specific ethnic groups.