bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of energy efficiency and NVH behaviour of a helical gear unit
Authors: Ben Younes Emna , Rigaud Emmanuel , Perret-Liaudet Joël , Bruyère Jérôme , Changenet Christophe
Published: January 2024

The goal of this study is to perform a multi-objective optimization of a gear unit in order to improve its performance in terms of mechanical power losses, gear dynamics and equivalent sound power radiated by the housing. All these key performance indicators are closely related to the gear macro- and micro-geometry parameters. Decision variables chosen are the helix and pressure angles as macro-geometry parameters, and the amount and dimensionless roll length of tip relief as micro-geometry parameters corresponding to gear profile modifications. The multi-objective optimization is carried out under geometric and load capacity constraints using the evolutionary NSGA-II algorithm. Various results, observed in the form of 3D Pareto front confirm that improvements in energy efficiency and vibroacoustic performance are antagonistic. Nevertheless, a significant decrease of mechanical power losses is possible without degrading the vibroacoustic performance much. Otherwise, the correlation between the gear dynamic response and the equivalent radiated sound power (ERP) is partial. The minimization of the equivalent sound power radiated by the housing is not equivalent to the minimization of the gear transmission error fluctuation. These results underline the interest of modelling the whole gear unit to optimize its efficiency and NVH behaviour.
Recent Advances in Quinoline-Based Macrocycles: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications in Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Kumagai Naoya , Xu Wei
Published: January 2024

Macrocyclic compounds exhibit unique properties due to their large ring-shaped structures, which have captivated chemists in recent decades. These molecules exert specific functions in various applicable fields, such as chemistry, materials science, and biology. Crown ethers, calixarenes, and porphyrinoids, which contain several ether/phenol/pyrrole subunits, represent these molecular categories with unparalleled functional diversity. In contrast, quinoline-based macrocycles comprising the quinoline unit as a key element to construct specific ring shapes have received limited attention. In this minireview, we summarize the recent advances in oligoquinoline macrocycles TriQuinoline (TQ), oxa-TriQuinoline (o-TQ), TEtraQuinoline (TEQ), and other bridged quinoline-based macrocycles. Emphasis is placed on the synthesis, structure, and application of these molecules in organometallic and supramolecular chemistry, which may guide new molecular designs in the quinoline-based macrocycle family.

1 Introduction

2 Quinoline-Based Macrocycles

2.1 TriQuinoline (TQ)

2.2 Oxa-TriQuinoline (o-TQ)

2.3 TEtraQuinoline (TEQ)

2.4 Larger Quinoline-Based Macrocycles with Bridges

3 Conclusion
Implantation Corridors in Canine Thoracic Vertebrae: A Morphometric Study in Dogs of Varying Sizes
Authors: Sabol Julianna C. , Mariani Christopher L.
Published: January 2024

Objective Surgical stabilization to treat fractures, luxations, and congenital malformations in the thoracic spine can be difficult due to its unique anatomy and surrounding structures. Our objective was to document the morphometrics of the thoracic vertebrae relating to an ideal trajectory for dorsolateral implant placement in a variety of dog sizes and to assess proximity to important adjacent critical anatomical structures using computed tomography (CT) studies.

Study Design Medical records for 30 dogs with thoracic CT were evaluated. Implantation corridor parameters for thoracic vertebrae (T1–T13) were measured, including the length, width, angle from midline, and allowable deviation angle for corridors simulated using an ideal implant trajectory. The distances from each vertebra to the trachea, lungs, aorta, subclavian artery, and azygos vein were also measured.

Results Implantation corridor widths were often very narrow, particularly in the mid-thoracic region, and allowable deviation angles were frequently small. Distances to critical anatomical structures were often less than 1 mm, even in larger dogs.

Conclusion Thoracic implantation requires substantial precision to avoid breaching the canal, ineffective implant placement, and potential life-threatening complications resulting from invasion of surrounding anatomical structures.
Characteristics and affordability of American universities with a willingness to invest in sustainability
Authors: Zhu Bifeng , Feng Jing , Sun Chaoyang , Wang Zhekai
Published: January 2024

Based on investment data from 214 sustainable universities in the United States, a study on the characteristics and affordability of universities with a willingness to invest in sustainability was conducted. First, according to the concept of ESG, the related factors of sustainability are classified. Then, the important variables are selected by the Cp method. Finally, the main characteristics and maximum affordability of universities with investment willingness for sustainability are quantitatively studied through the logit regression model. The findings are as follows: (1) Most universities take sustainable industries as their investment objective, promoting investment through a series of sustainable policies. (2) The characteristics of universities are as follows: (a) the size of the campus within a certain range; (b) sustainability instruction training for new employees; (c) the encouragement of employees for community service; and (d) the establishment of CIR (Committees on Investor Responsibility). (3) The maximum affordability is 30.3% of the total investment, and approximately 94% of universities do not actually invest as much in sustainability as in willingness. The study defines the identification factors of universities to provide an important basis for the formulation and implementation of guiding policies related to investment in the sustainability of universities in the future.
Structural anisotropy in Sb thin films
Authors: Adhikari Pradip , Wijesinghe Anuradha , Rathore Anjali , Yoo Timothy Jinsoo , Kim Gyehyeon , Yeom Sinchul , Lee Hyoung-Taek , Mazza Alessandro R. , Sohn Changhee , Park Hyeong-Ryeol , Yoon Mina , Brahlek Matthew , Kim Honggyu , Lee Joon Sue
Published: January 2024

Sb thin films have attracted wide interest due to their tunable band structure, topological phases, high electron mobility, and thermoelectric properties. We successfully grow epitaxial Sb thin films on a closely lattice-matched GaSb(001) surface by molecular beam epitaxy. We find a novel anisotropic directional dependence on their structural, morphological, and electronic properties. The origin of the anisotropic features is elucidated using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The growth regime of crystalline and amorphous Sb thin films was determined by mapping the surface reconstruction phase diagram of the GaSb(001) surface under Sb2 flux, with confirmation of structural characterizations. Crystalline Sb thin films show a rhombohedral crystal structure along the rhombohedral (211) surface orientation parallel to the cubic (001) surface orientation of the GaSb substrate. At this coherent interface, Sb atoms are aligned with the GaSb lattice along the [1̄10] crystallographic direction but are not aligned well along the [110] crystallographic direction, which results in anisotropic features in reflection of high-energy electron diffraction patterns, misfit dislocation formation, surface morphology, and transport properties. Our DFT calculations show that the preferential orientation of the rhombohedral Sb (211) plane may originate from the GaSb surface, where Sb atoms align with the Ga and Sb atoms on the reconstructed surface. The formation energy calculations confirm the stability of the experimentally observed structures. Our results provide optimal film growth conditions for further studies of novel properties of Bi1−xSbx thin films with similar lattice parameters and an identical crystal structure, as well as functional heterostructures of them with III–V semiconductor layers along the (001) surface orientation, supported by a theoretical understanding of the anisotropic film orientation.
Research on the opening method of robotic arm based on force feedback reinforcement learning
Authors: Zhou Ziyang , Wang Liming , Wang Yang
Published: January 2024

In practical applications involving robotic arms, particularly in tasks such as manipulating door handles, improper strategies often lead to excessive contact forces. Such forces not only jeopardize the integrity of the robotic arm’s joints but also pose a risk of damaging the door handle. This paper delves into a meticulous study aimed at refining the opening techniques employed by manipulators, enhancing their adaptability across various environments. A novel method is introduced, amalgamating force information feedback with the deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm, fostering a more nuanced approach in trajectory planning. This innovative strategy is meticulously evaluated through simulations and physical experiments, proving instrumental in guiding the robotic arm toward the successful completion of the door-opening task. The findings from the experiments underscore the algorithm’s prowess in cultivating a compliant door-opening strategy, harmonizing with the force applied at the manipulator’s end. A comparative analysis with conventional methods reveals a notable reduction in the end force of the manipulator, facilitating a more efficient and secure execution of door-opening operations.
Bayesian and non-Bayesian two-sample prediction for the Fréchet distribution under progressive type II censoring
Authors: Alotaibi Refah , AL-Dayian G. R. , Almetwally Ehab M. , Rezk Hoda
Published: January 2024

In many domains, including medical and technical sciences, prediction based on censored data is a very significant issue. On the other hand, the Fréchet distribution is a continuous model, which has wide applicability in extreme value theory, based on a progressively type-II right censoring scheme. Based on two-sample prediction, Bayesian and non-Bayesian predictions are discussed in this study for the Fréchet distribution. For obtaining prediction bounds as well as Bayes predictive estimations under a squared error loss function for the sth-order statistic in a future random sample drawn independently of the parent population, with an arbitrary progressive censoring scheme, a general form for the lifetime model as the Fréchet model is taken into consideration. As an example, a simulation study was done as examples to demonstrate how the operations are carried out. Moreover, two sets of real data are applied.
Delineating the effects of morphological changes on retinal hemodynamics in diabetic human retinas: An invitro investigation
Authors: Tripathy Kartika Chandra , Sirajullah Md , Mandal Deepak Kumar , Bhandari Ajay
Published: January 2024

Diabetes-related vascular abnormalities are commonly encountered in the retinal vasculature, the most common being the increased tortuosity and reduced lumen diameter. These morphological changes significantly affect the underlying hemodynamics and remain unexplored. The current study examines the changes produced by the altered morphology on the blood flow velocity and wall shear stress (WSS) using particle streak velocimetry (PSV) experiments and numerical simulations and compares it with the healthy scenario. The diabetic and healthy retinal arteries are extracted from patient-specific fundus images and transparently printed using stereolithography (SLA) in three dimensions. Flow visualization experiments are performed using the blood-mimicking fluid (BMF) with three different flow rates, whose values are evaluated using the similarity analysis. Experimental and simulation results illustrate a significant reduction in the average axial velocity and WSS due to tortuosity with maximum percentage reductions of 10% and 11%, respectively, compared to healthy. Additionally, a strong correlation is observed between a particular artery's local tortuosity and the WSS, with a higher tortuosity index leading to the development of low-shear regions inside the diabetic artery. A 14% diameter reduction in the diabetic arteries leads to approximately 65% and 63% increase in the velocity and WSS, respectively, compared to healthy. Moreover, the experiments also capture the effect of decreased blood viscosity on the WSS in the case of diabetic arteries, illustrating a significant decrease in WSS values. The experiments performed in the current study may help ophthalmologists estimate the induced damage that the arterial morphological changes may create and facilitate an accurate prognosis of retinal vascular diseases.
Peculiarities of leakage of the electromagnetic waves from striations
Authors: Borisov N.
Published: January 2024

It is well-known that an ordinary (O-mode) high frequency (HF) electromagnetic (EM) wave radiated into the ionosphere generates in the F-region upper-hybrid resonance (UHR) oscillations trapped in small-scale elongated plasma depletions (striations). Striations are not ideal resonators for UHR oscillations. There is some leakage of the HF energy from striations in the form of Z-mode waves. This result obtained in the quasi-electrostatic approximation is partly reconsidered in the present paper. It is shown in the 2D case that two EM waves (instead of one Z-mode) propagate from each side of a striation. The lowest eigenmodes of the electrostatic oscillations trapped in a striation excite at particular heights Z-mode waves that propagate significantly higher than the reflection height of the initial O-mode wave. This result exists for different angles of the O-mode radiation with respect to the vertical (both more and less than the critical angle).
Numerical investigation of impinging plume under vacuum and realistic nozzle outlet condition
Authors: Tian Cheng , Zhao Zixi , Sun Zehao , He Guosheng , Wang Kuanliang , Teng Honghui
Published: January 2024

During a lunar module landing, the gas extended from the engine nozzle impinges on the lunar surface. A recirculation bubble could form beneath the surface shock wave, which alters the flow pattern close to the surface, thus affecting the surface soil transportation process. This study conducted numerical simulations to investigate the flow characteristics, formation mechanism, and effects of this recirculation bubble on surface soil erosion using direct simulation Monte Carlo method or solving the Navier–Stokes equations. It is found that during the descent, the recirculation zone under the surface shock wave first disappears and then reappears. The shock wave systems in the plume at different lander heights is analyzed, revealing that the formation of the recirculation bubble can be attributed to the total pressure loss due to gas crossing different wave structures. When the lander descends to a close proximity to the lunar surface, the recirculation bubble can even expand into the nozzle. Furthermore, this study investigated the effects of the recirculation bubble on lunar soil transportation by a gas–solid two-phase solver. It is shown that the recirculation bubble at low landing altitude will entrain the lunar dusts and result in a high ejection angle of the latter, thus aggravating the obstruction of surface observation for the safe landing.
More generalized k(ε)-Fibonacci sequence, series, and its applications
Authors: P Rajiniganth , T Aparna , Khan Ilyas , K Suresh
Published: January 2024

In this study, we present a generalized higher-order delta operator with the co-efficient of falling factorial and its inverse, both of which allow us to get more generalized k(ε)-Fibonacci sequences along with their sums, a few theorems, and some intriguing conclusions regarding the sum of more generalized terms of k(ε)-Fibonacci sequences with falling factorial. In addition, the n-fold Fibonacci ratio and a few applications in life sciences and crystal growth were presented in the work. In addition, suitable examples are presented using MATLAB to show our results.
The evolution of a non-autonomous chaotic system under non-periodic forcing: A climate change example
Authors: de Melo Viríssimo F. , Stainforth D. A. , Bröcker J.
Published: January 2024

In this article, we approach the problem of measuring and interpreting the mid-term climate of a non-autonomous chaotic dynamical system in the context of climate modeling. To do so, we use a low-dimensional, conceptual model for the Earth system with different timescales of variability and subjected to non-periodic external forcing. We introduce the concepts of an evolution set and its distribution, which are dependent on the starting state of the system, and explore their links to different types of initial condition uncertainty and the rate of external forcing. We define the convergence time as the time that it takes for the evolution distribution of one of the dependent variables to lose memory of its initial condition. We suspect a connection between convergence times and the classical concept of mixing times, but the precise nature of this connection needs to be explored. These results have implications for the design of influential climate and Earth system model ensembles and raise a number of issues of mathematical interest.
A deep learning-based concept for quantitative phase imaging upgrade of bright-field microscope
Authors: Shevkunov Igor , Kandhavelu Meenakshisundaram , Egiazarian Karen
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we propose an approach that combines wavefront encoding and convolutional neuronal network (CNN)-based decoding for quantitative phase imaging (QPI). Encoding is realized by defocusing, and decoding by CNN trained on simulated datasets. We have demonstrated that based on the proposed approach of creating the dataset, it is possible to overcome the typical pitfall of CNN learning, such as the shortage of reliable data. In the proposed data flow, CNN training is performed on simulated data, while CNN application is performed on real data. Our approach is benchmarked in real-life experiments with a digital holography approach. Our approach is purely software-based: the QPI upgrade of a bright-field microscope does not require extra optical components such as reference beams or spatial light modulators.
Characterization of broadband Purcell filters with compact footprint for fast multiplexed superconducting qubit readout
Authors: Park Seong Hyeon , Choi Gahyun , Kim Gyunghun , Jo Jaehyeong , Lee Bumsung , Kim Geonyoung , Park Kibog , Lee Yong-Ho , Hahn Seungyong
Published: January 2024

Engineering the admittance of external environments connected to superconducting qubits is essential, as increasing the measurement speed introduces spontaneous emission loss to superconducting qubits, known as Purcell loss. Here, we report a broadband Purcell filter within a small footprint, which effectively suppresses Purcell loss without losing the fast measurement speed. We characterize the filter's frequency response at 4.3 K and also estimate Purcell loss suppression by finite-element-method simulations of superconducting planar circuit layouts with the proposed filter design. The filter is fabricated with 200 nm-thick niobium films and shows the measured bandwidth over 790 MHz within 0.29 mm2 of compact size owing to densely packed spiral resonators. The estimated lifetime enhancement indicates the effective protection of the qubit from Purcell loss. The presented filter design is expected to be easily integrated on existing superconducting quantum circuits for fast and multiplexed readout without occupying large footprint.
Effect of moving end wall on tip leakage flow in a compressor cascade with different clearance heights
Authors: Hou Jiexuan , Liu Yangwei
Published: January 2024

Numerical simulations have been carried out to investigate the effect of the moving end wall on the tip leakage flow structure in a compressor cascade with four different tip clearance heights. A detailed comparison of the leakage flow’s loss; mass flow rate; and the tip leakage vortex and its roll-up, trajectory, size, and interaction with the passage flow was made. The results show that the performance of the cascade changes more severely as the tip clearance height increases with the moving end wall than with the stationary end wall. The roll-up of the tip leakage vortex has been studied by analyzing the pathline structure and vorticity distribution. An alternative explanation is proposed for the initial roll-up mechanism of the tip leakage vortex. The vorticity transport is responsible for the initial roll-up of the vortex, whereas the leakage jet/passage flow shearing is responsible for the vortex development. The smaller the clearance height is, the easier it is for the moving end wall to alter the vorticity transport from the gap to the tip leakage vortex.
Phase transitions and dynamics in ionic liquid crystals confined in nanopores
Authors: Nobori Hiroki , Fujimoto Daisuke , Yoshioka Jun , Fukao Koji , Konishi Takashi , Taguchi Ken
Published: January 2024

We investigate the phase-transition behavior of ionic liquid crystals, namely 1-methyl-3-alkylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [Cnmim]BF4, confined in cylindrical nanopores using differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray scattering, and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. Here, n is the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl part of this ionic liquid crystal. For n = 10 and 12, the isotropic liquid phase changes to the smectic phase and then to a metastable phase for the cooling process. During the subsequent heating process, the metastable phase changes to the isotropic phase via crystalline phases. The transition temperatures for this ionic liquid crystal confined in nanopores decrease linearly with the increase in the inverse pore diameter, except for the transitions between the smectic and isotropic phases. In the metastable phase, the relaxation rate of the α-process shows the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann type of temperature dependence for some temperature ranges. The glass transition temperature evaluated from the dynamics of the α-process decreases with the decrease in the pore diameter and increases with the increase in the carbon number n. The effect of confinement on the chain dynamics can clearly be observed for this ionic liquid crystal. For n = 10, the melting temperature of the crystalline phase is slightly higher than that of the smectic phase for the bulk, while, in the nanopores, the melting temperature of the smectic phase is higher than that of the crystalline phase. This suggests that the smectic phase can be thermodynamically stable, thanks to the confinement effect.
Metallic ruthenium ilmenites: First-principles study of MgRuO3 and CdRuO3
Authors: Jang Seong-Hoon , Motome Yukitoshi
Published: January 2024

Ilmenites ABO3 provide a platform for electron correlation and magnetism on alternatively stacked honeycomb layers of edge-sharing AO6 or BO6 octahedra. When A and B are 3d transition metals, strong electron correlation makes the systems Mott insulators showing various magnetic properties, while when B is Ir with 5d electrons, competition between electron correlation and spin–orbit coupling realizes a spin–orbital coupled Mott insulator as a potential candidate for quantum spin liquids. Here, we theoretically investigate intermediate 4d ilmenites, ARuO3 with A = Mg and Cd, which have recently been synthesized and shown to be metallic, unlike the 3d and 5d cases. By using first-principles calculations, we optimize the lattice structures and obtain the electronic band structures. We show that MgRuO3 exhibits strong dimerization on RuO6 honeycomb layers, leading to the formation of bonding and anti-bonding bands for one of the three t2g orbitals; the lattice symmetry is lowered from R3̄ to P1̄, and the Fermi surfaces are composed of the other two t2g orbitals. In contrast, we find that CdRuO3 has a lattice structure close to R3̄, and all three t2g orbitals contribute almost equally to the Fermi surfaces. A comparison of our results with other Ru honeycomb materials, such as Li2RuO3, indicates that the metallic ruthenium ilmenites stand on a subtle balance among electron correlation, spin–orbit coupling, and electron–phonon coupling.
Edge states in non-Hermitian composite acoustic Su Schrieffer Heeger chains
Authors: Guo Tong , Assouar Badreddine , Vincent Brice , Merkel Aurélien
Published: January 2024

Non-Hermiticity alone can trigger topological phase transition in physical systems. Here, we construct different unit cells in an acoustic Su Schrieffer Heeger chain with different distributions of onsite losses. We theoretically and numerically investigate the different edge modes that can occur at the domain walls of different finite chains. Three types of edge modes are identified. The first type comes from the topology of the unit cells. The second type comes from the local Parity symmetry at the interface, which are cavity modes. The third one comes from the Parity-Time symmetric domain wall. The robustness against coupling disorder is then examined, confirming the robustness of the topologically protected modes. The evolution with increasing disorder of the interface modes due to the Parity-Time symmetric domain wall is singular as they appear first as more robust than the cavity modes before diverging. These results show the ability of the onsite losses ingredient to control wavefields.
Numerical study on wind-loading characteristics of a high-speed train running over the bridge under tornado-like vortices
Authors: He Xuhui , Zou Simin
Published: January 2024

With global warming intensifying, weather patterns become more volatile and extremes more common. Tornadoes are the most destructive natural disasters causing significant damage to infrastructure. Meanwhile, high-speed railways now face greater risks from tornado events as the national railway network and mass transit trains expand. Thus, studying the tornado flow characteristics and associated effects on high-speed trains is necessary. A study is presented regarding the wind-loading characteristics of a high-speed train running over a railway bridge induced by a tornado belonging to the future railway network. The wind-loading characteristics analyses are performed using the improved delayed detached eddy simulation method. After verifying the numerical approach and mesh strategy, computational studies are conducted to produce a tornado-like vortex and investigate the tornado-induced wind-loading characteristics of a high-speed train running on the bridge by combining a tornado simulation with a moving mesh technique. For the wind-loading parameters studied herein, the selected train's velocity range is between 50 and 350 km/h, the typical operation speed of either regular or high-speed trains. The numerical results show that the time histories of aerodynamic forces on the train revealed a pattern in tornadic flow variability, the time evolutions of the wind loads on the train were affected by train speeds, and the fluctuation was the greatest when the train ran at 50 km/h. Moreover, the train is subjected to larger aerodynamic forces and moments when it operates along with the rotating vortex flow, especially in the core region, and the train is more dangerous when it runs at a lower speed. The results in this study provide references for assessing operation safety, while a train running on the bridge encounters tornadoes.
Neuromorphic responses of nanofluidic memristors in symmetric and asymmetric ionic solutions
Authors: Ramirez Patricio , Portillo Sergio , Cervera Javier , Nasir Saima , Ali Mubarak , Ensinger Wolfgang , Mafe Salvador
Published: January 2024

We show that ionic conduction properties of a multipore nanofluidic memristor can be controlled not only by the amplitude and frequency of an external driving signal but also by chemical gating based on the electrolyte concentration, presence of divalent and trivalent cations, and multi-ionic systems in single and mixed electrolytes. In addition, we describe the modulation of current rectification and hysteresis phenomena, together with neuromorphic conductance responses to voltage pulses, in symmetric and asymmetric external solutions. In our case, memristor conical pores act as nanofluidic diodes modulated by ionic solution characteristics due to the surface charge-regulated ionic transport. The above facts suggest potential sensing and actuating applications based on the conversion between ionic and electronic signals in bioelectrochemical hybrid circuits.
Numerical prediction of the whistling potentiality of a turbulent channel flow with corrugated walls
Authors: He Zheng , Wang Peng , Liu Yingzheng
Published: January 2024

This study explores the turbulent flow-induced whistling phenomena in a channel with corrugated wall surfaces, which is crucial for mitigating the acoustic fatigue problem in the aerospace field. By solving a compressible linearized Navier–Stokes equation in the frequency domain, the interference between the turbulent flow field along the corrugated wall and the incident acoustic field is studied, including the acoustic wave scattering phenomenon caused by turbulence and the fluid perturbation induced by acoustic waves. In conjunction with this, the acoustic two-ports method is utilized to investigate the transfer-function model and predict the whistling potentiality of the turbulent flow along corrugated walls. Experimental validations through the literature results confirm the numerical accuracy of this aeroacoustic simulation strategy. Subsequently, the investigation extends to different cavity configurations with different cavity profiles and numbers, and the two-port scattering matrix is applied to quantify the acoustic transmission and damping coefficients caused by the background flow field and turbulent eddy viscosity. The acoustic power conversion mechanism between the turbulent flow field and the incident acoustic field is established, allowing for quick prediction and effective analysis of the generation frequency range of the whistling phenomenon. Furthermore, the modulation effect of sound waves on the fluid is studied by analyzing the response of the incident sound wave frequency to the phase interference momentum and shear layer of different configurations of corrugated cavities. The results show that compared with the right-edge configuration, the rounded-edge configuration produces whistling at a lower frequency due to the turbulence effect, and the number of cavities adjusts the intensity, not the frequency, of the sound power generated. In addition, the oscillation of the shear layer caused by sound waves is related to the cavity configuration and the sound wave frequency.
Wideband loss separation model of nanocrystalline materials considering microscopic magnetization mechanism
Authors: Zhou Jiapeng , Li Yongjian , Zhang Changgeng
Published: January 2024

The core loss directly determines the performance of high-frequency transformers. This paper presents an enhanced method for calculating core losses by integrating the LLG equation and Maxwell's diffusion equation. By the method, the losses caused by the rotation of the magnetic moment can be obtained. The loss attributed to domain wall displacement is derived from the total loss by subtracting losses due to magnetic moment rotation, further categorized into the hysteresis loss and the residual loss. The observation of the dynamic variation of nanocrystalline magnetic domains with applied excitation verifies the feasibility of the improved method. Finally, the causes of residual loss generation are also analyzed the model accuracy is verified by comparing the measured and modelled values and the traditional loss separation model.
Effects of simultaneous loading of temperature and biaxial stress on the 1&2D magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel sheets
Authors: Li Yongjian , Gao Jingming , Yue Shuaichao , Dou Yu , Yin Jiatong
Published: January 2024

As the effect of factors like temperature and stress on the magnetic properties of electrical steel materials are gradually being emphasized, many research teams are carrying out related tests. Currently, most studies focus only on the effect of a single factor on the magnetic properties, while in reality, multiple factors exist simultaneously in electrical equipment. Therefore, accurate data of alternating (1D) and rotational (2D) magnetic properties under simultaneous loading of temperature and stress are very important. In this paper, a system based on a vertical rotational single sheet tester (VRSST) with temperature and stress loading parts is designed and constructed. Then, the 1D and 2D magnetic properties under many combinations of different temperatures, uniaxial and biaxial stress are measured and analyzed.
Detection of blood coagulation in an extracorporeal circuit using magnetic and absorbance properties
Authors: Sakamoto Hideo , Hibino Nana , Mizukuchi Yukari , Sato Aya , Torii Tetsuya
Published: January 2024

In extracorporeal circulation, intra-circuit blood coagulation can lead to serious problems. However, intra-circuit coagulation cannot be monitored in real-time and is only intermittently monitored by measuring the activated clotting time (ACT). As blood clotting progresses in a circuit, the color of the blood turns from bright red to dark red. And, changes in blood coagulation can be detected using devices with optical sensors because the absorbance is likely to change as blood coagulates. However, the absorbance may also increase when oxygen partial pressure is altered by artificial lungs. Thus, there is a need for a device that is not affected by blood oxygenation. Therefore, we used a magnet and a flux meter to assess changes in the magnetic force with blood coagulation. Thus, there is a need for a device that is not affected by blood oxygenation. Therefore, we used a magnet and a flux meter to assess changes in the magnetic force with blood coagulation. Measurements were made at different flux intensities to capture the magnetic flux changes during blood coagulation. Blood (100 ml) was stored in a beaker. Calcium chloride (CaCl2: 0.2 ml) was then added to the beaker to promote coagulation. Blood from the beaker was drawn into a syringe and set in the magnetic flux measurement fixture, and a magnet was fixed on top of the syringe for 24 min. The flux meter readings increased as the blood coagulated. The results suggest that it is possible to capture magnetic flux density changes during the process of blood coagulation. From the above may lead to the development of a device that monitors coagulation in extracorporeal circuits in real time by monitoring two aspects of the coagulation process: absorbance and magnetic flux density.
Investigation of electromagnetic noise in an induction cooktop by examining circular membrane vibration modes in terms of their harmonics
Authors: Yun Gyeonghwan , Lee Sangjin , Lukman Grace Firsta , Lee Cheewoo
Published: January 2024

In this study, the mechanism of vibration and noise is analytically investigated in an induction cooktop (IC). By employing the method of an electric motor in estimating its vibration performance, it is found that air-gap force normal to the glass surface is a main source in an IC. Three different types of a cookware in terms of its material are compared as a part of load, and the pattern of their vibration is scrutinized by means of a membrane. It is noted that the mode of vibration in an IC is the circular shape of a membrane. Spatial and temporal harmonics in normal force are obtained through a three-dimensional Fast Fourier transform. This study is focused on spatial harmonic orders in a cylindrical coordinate to determine the dominant mode of vibration, and experimental verification has been performed to prove the feasibility of this proposal.
Wildlife of Victoria's South-West
Authors: Palmer Grant , Farquhar Jules
Published: January 2024

Victoria’s South-West is an iconic region of Australia that includes the exceptional landscape features of the Grampians-Gariwerd, the Victorian Volcanic Plain with crater lakes and cones, the forests of the Great Dividing Range, and Melbourne and Port Phillip Bay. Victoria’s South-West supports remarkable wildlife, including some found only in the region, and is recognised as both nationally and globally significant for the conservation of biodiversity.

Wildlife of Victoria’s South-West is a comprehensive photographic field guide to the region’s wildlife, many of which occur throughout south-eastern Australia. It covers all the mammals, birds, reptiles and frogs that occur in the region, including on land and in the coastal marine environment. Each of the 432 taxa profiles includes detailed information on identification, range, conservation status, habitat and ecology, and the local Aboriginal name for the species when known. An outstanding colour image and regional distribution map is also included for each species. Additional information is provided on habitat types, conservation and management of wildlife in Victoria’s South-West as well as 19 places in the region to visit and view wildlife.

Ideal for those who wish to identify and learn more about the diversity of animals found in the region, while also gaining an understanding of the distinct role Victoria’s South-West has in contributing to conserving Australia’s stunning wildlife.
Experimental and computational study of a multi-active-site Schiff base as corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 1 M HCl
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Long Ting , Wu Qian , Lai Chuan , Li Yue , Li Junlan , Ren Boyan , Deng Keqian , Long Chaozheng , Zhao Shuting
Published: January 2024

In this study, the corrosion inhibition behavior of N,N′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(1,1-di(pyridin-2-yl)methanimine) (PBDPM) on mild steel in 1 M HCl at 30°C was evaluated under steady conditions. The corrosion inhibitor was synthesized by a one-step method. Electrochemical, energy dispersion spectrum (EDS) and water contact angle results revealed the adsorption behavior of the inhibitor at the metal–solution interface. The adsorption of PBDPM obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. It is obvious that PBDPM exhibits good inhibition performance presumably due to its high surface coverage, as it forms a dense protective film on the surface of mild steel. The adsorption configuration and structure–activity relationships of the inhibitor were also explored theoretically by density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD), and the thermodynamic parameters and molecular active sites (the values of electrophilic attack and nucleophilic attack) were calculated.
The impact of nurse prescribing on health care delivery for patients with diabetes: a rapid review
Authors: Short Kylie , Andrew Cathy , Yang Wenting , Jamieson Isabel
Published: January 2024

Introduction The global prevalence of diabetes is a pressing public health concern. Over 400 million individuals live with the effects of the disease, predominantly in low- and middle-income countries. In Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), over 300 000 people have diabetes, resulting in a population rate of 43.1 per 1000. Enabling nurses to prescribe diabetes medications enhances accessibility and improves health outcomes for large sections of the population. Aim This rapid review was undertaken to investigate the influence of nurse prescribing on health care delivery for individuals with diabetes in NZ, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Canada, countries sharing comparable health care systems and multicultural backgrounds. Methods The review protocol was published on PROSPERO. In November 2022, a search was conducted across multiple databases to locate relevant literature and resources constrained to the last decade (from January 2012 to November 2022). Utilising the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework, data extraction was systematically structured, while rigorous appraisal processes upheld selection quality. Results Fifteen publications were identified as meeting predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The review of these articles revealed four main themes: the impact of nurse prescribing on clinical outcomes, levels of patient satisfaction, implications for health care service provisions, and identification of barriers and facilitators associated with nurse prescribing. Discussion This report identifies outcomes of nurse prescribing, concluding it provides a potential avenue for enhancing access to and alleviating the burden on health care systems.
Methylation of ciliary dynein motors involves the essential cytosolic assembly factor DNAAF3/PF22
Authors: Sakato-Antoku Miho , Patel-King Ramila S. , Balsbaugh Jeremy L. , King Stephen M.
Published: January 2024

Axonemal dynein motors drive ciliary motility and can consist of up to twenty distinct components with a combined mass of ~2 MDa. In mammals, failure of dyneins to assemble within the axonemal superstructure leads to primary ciliary dyskinesia. Syndromic phenotypes include infertility, rhinitis, severe bronchial conditions, and situs inversus. Nineteen specific cytosolic factors (Dynein Axonemal Assembly Factors; DNAAFs) are necessary for axonemal dynein assembly, although the detailed mechanisms involved remain very unclear. Here, we identify the essential assembly factor DNAAF3 as a structural ortholog of S-adenosylmethionine–dependent methyltransferases. We demonstrate that dynein heavy chains, especially those forming the ciliary outer arms, are methylated on key residues within various nucleotide-binding sites and on microtubule-binding domain helices directly involved in the transition to low binding affinity. These variable modifications, which are generally missing in aChlamydomonasnull mutant for the DNAAF3 ortholog PF22 (DAB1), likely impact on motor mechanochemistry fine-tuning the activities of individual dynein complexes.
Proposal for composite quantum electromagnetically induced transparency heat engine coupled by a nanomechanical mirror
Authors: Laskar Rejjak
Published: January 2024

This paper introduces a quantum heat engine model that utilizes an ultracold atomic gas coupled with a nanomechanical mirror. The mirror’s vibration induces an opto-mechanical sideband in the control field, affecting the behavior of the cold gas and subsequently influencing the output radiation of the engine. The model incorporates mirror vibration while omitting cavity confinement, establishing a bridge between a multi-level atom–laser interacting system that plays with coherences and the mechanical vibration of the nanomechanical mirror, which jointly function as heat engines. Three distinct heat engine configurations are proposed: the first involves a vibration-free three-level Λ-type system, the second introduces nanomechanical vibration to the three-level Λ-type system, and the third constitutes a composite engine that combines the previous setups along with nanomechanical vibration. The spectral brightness of a three-level heat engine is diminished with mirror vibration, whereas for a composite heat engine, there is a slight enhancement in the brightness peak. However, the maximum brightness is attained when there is no vibration. Comparisons between the proposed model and an ideal system are made regarding entropy balance, adhering to the constraints of the second law of thermodynamics. The model observed that when subjected to mirror vibration, the proposed heat engines diverged from the characteristics expected in an ideal heat engine.
Development of novel superconductivity with higher

T

c

via the suppression of magnetism in quasi-two-dimensional electride

Y

2

C

under high pressures
Authors: Cui Zhiqiang , Luo Ying , Shi Lei , Chen Yue , Zhang Yunwei
Published: January 2024

Discovery of superconductivity in electride materials has been a topic of interest as their intrinsic electron-rich properties might suggest a considerable electron–phonon interaction. Layered

Y

2

C

is a ferromagnetic quasi-two-dimensional electride with polarized anionic electrons confined in the interlayer space. In this theoretical study, we report

Y

2

C

undergoes a series of structural phase transitions into two superconducting phases with estimated

T

c

of 9.2 and 21.0 K at 19 and 80 GPa, respectively, via the suppression of magnetism. Our extensive first-principles swarm structure searches identify that these two high-pressure superconducting phases possess an orthorhombic Pnma and a tetragonal I4/m structures, respectively, where the Pnma phase is found to be a one-dimensional electride characterized by electron confinements in channel spaces of the crystal lattice, while the electride property in I4/m phase has been completely destroyed. We attribute the development of an unprecedentedly high

T

c

superconductivity in Y-C system to the destructions of magnetism and the delocalization of interlayered anionic electrons under pressures. This work provides a unique example of pressure-induced collapse of magnetism at the onset of superconductivity in electride materials, along with the dramatic changes of electron-confinement topology in crystal lattices.
Gain reversal in the translocation dynamics of a semiflexible polymer through a flickering pore
Authors: Upadhyay Gokul , Kapri Rajeev , Chaudhuri Abhishek
Published: January 2024

We study the driven translocation of a semiflexible polymer through an attractive extended pore with a periodically oscillating width. Similar to its flexible counterpart, a stiff polymer translocates through an oscillating pore more quickly than a static pore whose width is equal to the oscillating pore’s mean width. This efficiency quantified as a gain in the translocation time, highlights a considerable dependence of the translocation dynamics on the stiffness of the polymer and the attractive nature of the pore. The gain characteristics for various polymer stiffness exhibit a trend reversal when the stickiness of the pore is changed. The gain reduces with increasing stiffness for a lower attractive strength of the pore, whereas it increases with increasing stiffness for higher attractive strengths. Such a dependence leads to the possibility of a high degree of robust selectivity in the translocation process.
A reduced-condition-number algorithm for single-frequency precise point positioning based on regularized Kalman filter
Authors: Li Linyang , Yang Kaichun , Jia Zhen
Published: January 2024

Single-frequency receivers are low cost and portable, thus being widely applied in engineering; the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is commonly used to perform single-frequency precise point positioning (SF-PPP). However, the positioning performance of SF-PPP is seriously influenced by various errors. Due to the large process noise and initial variance of the estimated parameters, the weight matrix of state parameters will be ill-conditioned, and since the noise of the pseudo-range is much higher than that of the carrier phase, the weight matrix of observations presents as ill-conditioned. Additionally, the condition number of the normal matrix will jump on the conditions of cycle slip, new emerging satellites, and signal outages. To reduce the condition number of the normal matrix, the regularized Kalman filter (RKF) algorithm is proposed, with additional support for the maximum variance matrix and singular value decomposition, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of SF-PPP. Through static and dynamic experiments, it is found that the proposed method can reduce both the ill-conditioning of the weight matrices of the observations and the state parameters. The condition number of the normal matrix is <500 per epoch, and the convergence time is shortened by >40%. Compared with the SF-PPP using EKF, centimeter-level static positioning accuracies of 1.13, 0.73, and 2.92 cm and decimeter-level kinematic positioning accuracies of 12.5, 10.8, and 27.3 cm in the east, north, and vertical components, respectively, using RKF; this yielded 38.3, 29.8, and 45.2% and 39.6, 41.9, and 21.3% improvement in the static and kinematic scenarios, respectively.