bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Integration of PV-Based Distributed Generators and Shunt Capacitors for 69 Bus System using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm and ETAP Software
Authors: Tandon Ankush , Nawaz Sarfaraz
Published: August 2023

Optimal deployment of photovoltaic-based distributed generators (PVDG) and shunt capacitor units is a perilous task in modern power system planning. This work presents an effective Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) based on social political process for selecting the best locations and sizes for PVDGs and shunt capacitor units. Three different load patterns, i.e., nominal, decremented and incremented are taken into account while installing PVDG and shunt capacitor units in the typical radial distribution systems of 69-bus. The primary objective of this work is to reduce active power losses and to significantly improve the voltage pattern after positioning of PVDG and capacitor units. The results show that the losses are reduced significantly by integrating the PVDG and capacitor units simultaneously at the optimum position in the test system. Furthermore, results of simulating the 69 bus system (with the integrated PVDG and capacitors) prove to be promising and authentic.
A Capacitance Model for Front- and Back-Gate Threshold Voltage Computation of Ultra-Thin-Body and BOX Double-Insulating Silicon-on-Diamond MOSFET
Authors: Dadkhah Afshin , Daghighi Arash
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a capacitance model for near threshold voltage computation of Ultra-Thin-Body and BOX (UTBB) Double-Insulating (DI) Silicon-on-Diamond (SOD) MOSFET is proposed. The transistor has a second insulating layer on top of the first insulating layer of a conventional SOD MOSFET which partially covers the diamond layer. The device’s simulation results of the front- and back-gate threshold voltages and the computed model’s threshold voltages - in terms of gate oxide thickness, silicon film layer thickness, first and second insulating layer thicknesses - are compared. In addition, length of the source/drain overlap with the second insulating layer is varied and the device simulation results are compared with those of the model findings. Results of the aforesaid comparison are found to be promising; more than 20 mV change in front-gate threshold voltage is observed at the range of 5 nm to 43 nm. Moreover, the model is found to be applicable in computations of front- and back-gate threshold voltage of 22 nm DI UTBB SOD MOSFET for low drain voltages. Finally, the model’s physical findings present insight on the device’s parameters that directly influence the threshold voltage
A Novel Domino Logic Based on Floating-Gate MOS Transistors
Authors: Sharroush Sherif , Nafea Sherif
Published: August 2023

Domino logic finds a wide variety of applications in both static and dynamic random-access memories and in high-speed microprocessors. However, the main limitation of the domino logic-circuit family is the trade-off between the noise immunity and speed. In order to resolve such a trade-off, this paper proposes a domino logic that is based on floating-gate MOS (FGMOS) transistors. Compact-form expressions are derived for the noise margins for the low and high inputs as well as the propagation delays. The proposed scheme is verified by simulation adopting the 45 nm CMOS predictive technology model (PTM) with a power-supply voltage of 1 V. The obtained results unveil that the proposed domino logic outperforms the conventional domino logic in terms of the power-delay product and the energy-delay product when realizing wide fan-in OR gates. The realized, with the proposed scheme, 16-input OR gate has an average power consumption of 3.7 µW and a propagation delay of 51 ps.
Development of Autonomous Hexacopter UAVs for Smart City Air Quality Management
Authors: Alshbatat Abdel
Published: August 2023

Monitoring the pollution index in smart cities has piqued the interest of researchers in designing and developing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) capable of carrying several sensors. Recent advancements in drone technology, as well as rapid expansion in air pollution sensor technologies, have presented valuable alternatives for air quality monitoring and management in smart cities. Fixed stations are now used in smart cities to measure air pollution and collect precise data on air quality. However, such data is highly sufficient in making decisions that can improve people lives; monitoring stations require an adaptable and large communication network that is capable to handle such huge data. Instead of having such an expensive and complex network, drones could be considered an easy and cheap alternative to the current systems. In this regard, an aerial system that is equipped with off-the-shelf low-cost micro-sensors is designed and implemented to monitor air quality at a specific location inside a smart city. The behavior of the aerial system is controlled by our proposed Air Quality-Driven Control Algorithm (AQDCA). Hexacopter Drone, in particular, will fly up to a predetermined height, measure air pollutants, activate the on-board AQDCA, and then return to its ground location. The entire system was developed, implemented, and tested in a real-world flight test. The testing results corroborate the system’s practicality and demonstrate that the prototype may be simply implemented to provide an added-value service to smart city citizens.
Theoretical Estimation of Power Generation Performance of Nano-Sheet Planar Lateral P-N Junction under Illumination
Authors: Omura Yasuhisa
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes covalent-semiconductor-based lateral p-n junction film solar devices based on a theoretical model, and examines their power generation performance under illumination. The proposed theoretical model is implemented and tested in simulations. The results demonstrate that while Ge film devices have much lower performance at room temperature than Si film devices, this order is significantly reversed at temperatures below 250 K, which is very interesting. The obtained simulation results also reveal that the carrier generation characteristic of Ge film devices is very stable in terms of temperature variation in comparison to Si film devices. The simulation results suggest that thin-Si-film lateral p-n junction solar devices - implemented as multi-stacked solar devices formed on a transparent panel - are applicable to field sensor devices on the ground at temperatures lower than 300 K. However, thin-Ge-film lateral p-n junction solar devices are applicable to field sensor devices on satellites in space because the ambient temperature is lower than 250 K; again as a multi-stacked solar device formed on a transparent panel.
Effect of Phaleria Macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl Leaf Ethanol Extract on Serum IL-6 and TNF-α Levels in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Lestari Ira , Lindarto Dharma , Ilyas Syafruddin , Widyawati Tri , Mustofa Mustofa , Jusuf Nelva , Hasibuan Poppy , Siahaan Lambok , Rusda Muhammad , Amin Mustafa
Published: August 2023

Background: Hyperglycemia conditions in diabetes mellitus (DM) can turn on pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-α. These cytokines play a role in insulin resistance and the development of DM complications. People in Indonesia have used Phaleria macrocarpa to treat diabetes, but the leaf of this plant has not been studied to see if it can reduce inflammation. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of ethanolic extract of Phaleria macrocarpa leaves (EEPML) in serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels of diabetic rats. Methods: This study was an experiment with a post-test-only control group design. Thirty 8-week-old male Wistar rats were used in the study. They were split into six groups: K1 was the normal control group; K2 was the DM control group; K3, K4, and K5 were given EEPML at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/KgBW; and K6 was given metformin 45 mg/KgBW orally once a day for 14 days. A high-fat diet and a 30 mg/KgBWi.p injection of streptozotocin were used to make the diabetic rat model. ELISA method for measuring serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels. The Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney test were used to examine the differences between the groups. Results: There were significant differences between treatment groups in the mean levels of serum IL-6 (p=0.017), but there were no significant differences in the mean levels of serum TNF-α (p>0.05). Conclusion: Administration of Phaleria macrocarpa leaf ethanol extract 125 mg/KgBW reduced serum IL-6 levels but could not significantly reduce serum TNF-α levels in diabetic rats.
Fetal Growth Retardation is Associated with High Apoptotic Cells and Low VEGF Expression in Placenta of Malarial Pregnant Mice
Authors: Mardhiyyah Kana , Hariyanto Tanto , Sardjono Teguh , Winarsih Sri , Nurseta Tatit , Fitri Loeki
Published: August 2023

Background: During pregnancy, pregnant women are susceptible to malaria, contributing significantly to maternal and infant mortality. Objective: This research was conducted to study the effect of Plasmodium berghei infection in pregnant mice on fetal growth retardation through placental cell apoptosis and the change of local vascularization. Methods: Eighteen pregnant Balb/c strain mice resulting from simultanously mating were divided into two groups those were nine pregnant mice used as non infected group and nine pregnant mice infected with Plasmodium berghei on day 9th post mating used as infected group respectively. On day 15th of post mating, all of the pregnant mice were killed. Fetal weights were measured using analytic balance. Apoptosis of placental cells and VEGF expression in the placental tissue were measured using immunohistochemistry. Results: Result showed that there was sequestration of parasite-infected red blood cells (PRBCs) in intervillous space. Statistical analysis showed that the fetal weights in infected pregnant mice group was significantly lower than non infected one (p = 0.01), and the placental cell apoptosis in placental tissue of infected pregnant mice was significantly higher than the non infected one (p=0.00).There was also a significant difference on VEGF expression between infected group and non infected group (p= 0,00). Conclusion: Plasmodium berghei infection in pregnant Balb/c mice can cause fetal growth retardation due to high of placental cell apoptosis and low VEGF expression.
Does a Low Score in the Respiratory Visual Triage Tool Predict a Negative COVID-19 Test in an Admitted Patient?
Authors: Asayed Thamir , Almulihi Qasem , Alsulaibeikh Amal , Alghamdi Mohannad , Almulhim Mohammed , Alhindi Turki , Alomair Abdullatif
Published: August 2023

Background: Fast and accurate COVID-19 identification is important to population and epidemic monitoring in hospitals. Visual triage or respiratory triage should be efficient and utilized as visual clues to alert HCWs on the case definitions. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of the respiratory triage for COVID-19 infections and to evaluate the efficacy of the MOH triage tool in identifying low risk patients. Methods: A single-center retrospective chart review that was conducted at King Fahd Hospital of the University (KFHU), Khober, KSA on all adult patients admitted to the hospital through the ED. The visual triage checklist comprises two main sections, with one focused on the risk of exposure and the other related to patient clinical signs and symptoms, each with a defined score where any score ≥ 4 will need to isolate and assessed by the physician while a score of less than 4 means that the patient can be admitted with other patients. The hospital swabbed all admitted patients regardless of their score. We compared their PCR result with their case definition score. The collected data was entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA) version 23. Results: The study included 7258 participants. 20% of participants aged between 21 to 30 years old, 52.2% of sample were females, and 78% were Saudi nationality. Visual triage score was less than 4 in n= 4745 participants (65.4%) and 4 or more in n= 2513 (34.6%). The test had sensitivity of 75% and specificity 21%. Conclusion: Most studies shows that COVID 19 has an infectivity rate of 18 to 30%. Based on this low sensitivity result, using the screening tool alone puts patients and HCWs at risk of getting infected with COVID 19.
Factors Affecting Length of Stay in Pediatric Emergency Department in a Teaching Hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Yousef Abdullah , Qahtani Mohammed , Mutairi Abdullah , AlQurashi Faisal , AlOmar Reem , AlShamlan Nouf , Shammari Malak , Yousef Hannen
Published: August 2023

Background: Decreasing the number of Emergency Department patient visits for treatment, especially in non-urgent cases, is an international healthcare goal. The same applies for pediatric emergency rooms where the utilization of ED is much more than adults. Objective: We aim to measure the length of stay for all pediatric patients and examine the factors influencing it. Methods: A retrospective chart review study was conducted at the pediatric ED of King Fahd Hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The study included all patients presented to the pediatric ED, between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2018, aged from 1 day to < 14 years old. Data included patient’s age, sex, season in which the patient presented in, chief complaint, time of presentation, and whether admission to the hospital ward was collected. Results: The total number of patients was 37,613. The median LOS was 100, interquartile range (IQR) = 53 – 272 minutes. Male pediatric patients were (55.12%). Among all patients, (32.04%) were toddlers, followed by school aged children (25.05%). The ER received more patients during the winter months followed by summer (32.92% and 24.72%, respectively). Fever was the most common complaint for all patients combined. For prolonged LOS patients, the most common complaints were respiratory related (23.44%). Pre-school children and school aged children were found to have a 5.49% and a 7.93% increased LOS when compared to toddlers (95% CI = 2.52 – 8.53, and 95% CI = 5.01 – 10.93, respectively). Summer was associated with a statistically significant increased LOS (% change = 28.92, 95% CI = 25.53 – 32.40). Morning shift was found to have a 7.89% increased LOS when compared to the evening shift. The highest increase in LOS was attributed to haematology related complaints (% change = 108.32, 95% CI = 85.69 – 133.71). Conclusion: Several pediatric LOS predicting factors have been identified; morning arrival, and presentation during summertime. Systemic factors such as staffing, and infrastructure can be modified and may affect the length of stay of patients. The implementation of these strategies and the evaluation of their impact on the length of stay in the pediatric emergency department require further investigation.
Physical Activity Maintain Immune Response Through TLR-2/TLR-4 Gene Expression in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient at Medan City
Authors: Machrina Yetty , Anggraini Dwi , Pane Yunita , Harahap Novita , Pant Gaurav
Published: August 2023

Background: The Increasing in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) needs to solve comprehensively and holistically. Patients with T2DM should have self-coping due to lifestyle modification. Abdominal fat accumulation can release pro-inflammatory cytokine that leads TLR-2 and TLR-4 to the response. These two kinds of toll-like receptors exist on the monocyte surface membrane which is an innate immunity cell. Objective: The aims of this study were to get the profile of physical activity, metabolic state, and mononuclear cell response to the expression of the TLR2 and TLR4 genes in T2DM patients. Methods: It was a descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional study design. Thirty-two eligible patients with inclusion criteria participated as subjects. All subjects answered questions by IPAQ, and checked metabolic state with body composition analysis. The TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression was determined with quantitative Real- Time PCR. Results: This study result found that most T2DM patients were in a highly active category in which most of their activity was walking (light intensity). The average abdominal circumferences were 91.81 ± 15.4 cm, body fat percentage was 29.5 ± 8.8%, and fasting blood sugar was 187.07 ± 67.03 mg/dl. Mononuclear cells number were normal. The expression of the TLR2 gene was lower by 0.71 fold and TLR4 gene expression was lower by 0.9 fold compared with non-DM (p<0.05). By chi-square test, there was a positive correlation between TLR2 gene expression with fasting blood glucose (p=0.011, and a positive correlation between the abdominal circumference and TLR4 gene expression (p=0.011). Conclusion: Type-2 Diabetes mellitus patients in primary health care keep walking as their physical activity to maintain blood glucose. Patients need to do moderate to vigorous exercise regularly to reduce body fat percentage especially abdominal fat to reduce Toll-like receptor gene expression, so insulin resistance and blood glucose level might decline to normal.
Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) Orders’ Awareness and Perception Among Physicians: a National Survey
Authors: Alahmadi Sarah , Shahrani Mohammed , Albehair Maan , Alghamdi Abdulrahman , Alwayel Faten , Turkistani Alaa , Alahmadi Abdullah , Shehab Zainab
Published: August 2023

Background: The concept of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders began when medical and surgical interventions increased the possibility of resuscitation in dying patients. Healthcare providers should start to care more about the quality of life rather than quantity. The acceptance of signing DNR orders varies among physicians owing to different reasons and conceptions. Objective: The aim of this national survey was to evaluate the extent of physicians’ knowledge and attitude towards do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders in different hospitals and specialties in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia and other Arab Gulf countries between March 2019 and May 2021. Results: A total of 409 physicians completed the questionnaire (53.3% male, 47% of the participants were less than 30 years of age). Most participants had their residency medical training in Saudi Arabia (73.6%, n=281); 33.5% were emergency medicine (EM) physicians. Among 409 patients, 92.7% (n=379 ) were familiar with the DNR (do-not-resuscitate) ter. Half of the participants had never discussed a DNR status with the patient or family (n=215, 52.6%), however, only 38.4% had read the policy. A total of 275 (67.2%) participants were aware that their institute had a DNR policy, and a lack of patient/family understanding was the most common barrier for the majority to initiate DNR orders (53.9%, n=222). Most of the participants (65.8%, n=269) acknowledged a lack of training and understanding of the concepts of DNR orders. Conclusion: Most physicians who participated in this study were aware of the DNR order concept; however, half of them had never discussed or signed a DNR order. Patients and their families’ misunderstandings were considered the main barriers. In addition, the lack of training in the concepts of DNR orders was considered a major obstacle.
The Influence of Number of Ligated Veins in Varicocele Patients Undergoing Microsurgical Varicocelectomy in Postoperative Pain and Sperm Parameters Outcome
Authors: Syarief Ahmad , Rahman Ilham , Setiawan Muhammad , Rizaldi Fikri
Published: August 2023

Background: The influence of the number of veins that should be ligated in varicocele surgery on postoperative pain and testicular function is not clearly understood. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the number of Internal Spermatic Vein (ISV) ligated in postoperative pain and sperm parameters outcome. Methods: Relevant studies were collected and systematically reviewed from Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. This study followed the PRISMA guideline. The mean difference (MD), odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were measured in the assessment of the outcome. Revman 5.4 was used in data analysis. Results: The pooled meta-analysis demonstrated that complete pain resolution was significantly higher in patients undergoing varicocelectomy procedures with more than ten vein numbers ligated with OR 1.92, 95% CI (1.03, 3.60). Improvement of sperm parameters of change in sperm concentration was also significantly observed in patients with more than ten vein numbers ligated MD 32.79, 95% CI (23.13, 42.45). However, the number of veins ligated was not associated with the change in sperm motility MD 9.69 with 95% CI (-12.32, 31.71). Conclusion: The number of veins ligated intraoperatively determined pain relief and sperm concentration improvement. This study showed that varicocelectomy results improved with greater ISV ligation.
Limping as Presenting Symptom of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): a Case Report of Large Vessel Vasculitis in MIS-C
Authors: aiteh Ala , Momani Hamzeh , Elhaj Ibrahim , Alkhatatba Mohammad
Published: August 2023

Background: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome of children (MIS) is a pathological condition that occurs in response to a SARS-CoV-2 infection, the syndrome has been described as a "Kawasaki disease"-like illness and the spectrum of associated abnormalities, including vascular complications, remain to be fully defined. Objective: The aim of this article was to present a case of MISC presented with limping and associated with large vessel vasculitis. Case presentation: In this article we present a case of 10-year-old male presented to emergency department complaining of limping of one-week duration and left hip pain, associated with high grade prolonged fever, abdominal pain and weight loss. The patient was ill looking, couldn’t bear weight and was admitted to pediatric intensive care unit. Laboratory workup have rule out infectious and malignant causes as well as known rheumatological causes. Inflammatory markers were elevated. Ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound, CT scan of the affected hip showed evidence of vasculitis extending from the left femoral artery reaching the left common iliac artery with intramural thrombus. According to WHO criteria the patient diagnoses was MIS-C. treatment was started immediately with IVIG and steroids in addition to anticoagulants, dramatic improvement was noticed within 24 hours. Patient was discharged after 10 days of hospitalization. Conclusion: MIS-C is a new emerging medical diagnosis after the pandemic of COVID-19. it is described a Kawasaki-like syndrome that affect small to medium vessels. This case reports a large vessel vasculitis associated with MIS-C, it helps the understand the extend of this new syndrome and the variety of complaints that may result from large vessels involvement
Giant Sclerosing Hepatic Hemangioma Presenting as Bornman-Terblanche-Blumgart Syndrome: a Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ibrahim Arwa , Boumarah Dhuha , AlGhamdi Arwa , Alshammary Shadi
Published: August 2023

Background: Hepatic hemangioma represents the most frequent benign tumor originating from the liver. When the tumor exceeds 10 cm, and in some studies 4 or 5 cm, it is considered giant, which accounts for 10% of all hemangiomas arising from the liver. Histologically, Sclerosing hepatic hemangioma, in particular, is an exceedingly rare subtype of hemangioma. Clinically Bornman-Terblanche-Blumgart syndrome is a very rare complication of hepatic hemangioma. Objective: The aim of this case presentation was to contribute to the literature by documenting a case of giant sclerosing hemangioma diagnosed in a 36-year-old female presenting with Bornman-Terblanche-Blumgart syndrome, along with a brief review of the literature. Case report: The current paper documents two rare clinical and histological features of hepatic hemangioma. Bornman-Terblanche-Blumgart syndrome is complicated a giant hepatic hemangioma found histologically to be sclerosing in nature. Knowledge about the uncommon complications of liver hemangioma permits the implementation of appropriate interventions in a timely manner and, in turn, can enhance the patient’s quality of life and minimize rates of associated mortality.
Bilateral Secondary Femorocele in a Case of Ascites Due to Cardiac Cirrhosis Following Dual Valvular Replacement for Rheumatic Heart Disease
Authors: Vagholkar Ketan
Published: August 2023

Background: Fluid collection in a femoral hernia sac designated as a femorocele is an extremely uncommon surgical condition. Till date 9 cases of unilateral femorocele and one case of bilateral femorocele have been reported in English literature. Objective: Thus making the case presented the second case of bilateral femorocele in English literature. Case report: A case of bilateral femorocele in a patient suffering from rheumatic heat disease who had undergone dual valvular replacement with ascites due to cardiac cirrhosis is presented to highlight the surgical challenges in management of such a rare case. Discussion: Pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations and managemeny of femorocele are discussed. Conclusion: Contrast enhanced CT scan of the abdomen and scrotum is diagnostic. Open surgery in the form of dissection of sac with high ligation followed by obliteration of femoral ring is therapeutic. There is no scope of laparoscopy in such a case.
Does vitamin D deficiency exacerbate hidradenitis suppurativa?
Authors: Pala Erdal , Karasahin Omer
Published: August 2023

In this study, we aimed to compare vitamin D (25 Hydroxy Vitamin D (25 OH D)) levels in Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) patients with healthy control groups, and to investigate its possible relationship with disease severity. Our study is a retrospective cross-sectional study. A total of 36 patients diagnosed with HS who presented to our Dermatology clinic between January 2019 and December 2022 were included. Vitamin D levels were recorded by reviewing the patients' files and compared with healthy control groups. The relationship between the patients' 25 OH D levels and disease severity score was determined. The median age of the patient group was 33.5 (IQR; 25.2-42) years, and 30 (83.3%) were male. The median age of the healthy control group was 34.5 (IQR; 24-42), and 21 (58.3%) were male. In patients with severe 25 OH D deficiency, statistically significant findings were observed with a higher frequency of Hurley-3 disease severity score, whereas patients with mild to moderate deficiency or normal 25 OH D levels showed a higher frequency of disease severity classified as Hurley-1. (p=0.022). Additionally, patients with severe vitamin D deficiency had significantly higher C-reactive protein levels and body mass index (p=0.036 and p=0.044, respectively). Among patients with active lesions such as abscesses, nodules, and fistula, significantly lower vitamin D levels were observed compared to those without such lesions (p=0.020, p=0.032, and p=0.017, respectively). Vitamin D level in patients with HS (13.42 ng/mL (IQR: 8.00-18.65)) compared to the healthy control group (18.00 ng/mL (IQR: 14.12-22.87)) was statistically significant. was significantly lower (p=0.001). Vitamin D levels of HS patients are lower than healthy control groups. Inflammatory lesions are more common in patients with severe vitamin D deficiency and the disease tends to be more severe.
Cost analysis of antipsychotics marketed in India – A pharmacoeconomic study
Authors: Saikia Anju , Ahmed Mustakim , Saikia Hiteswar
Published: August 2023

Background: Psychiatric disorders are one the leading causes of non-fatal disease in India. Among them, schizophrenia is one of the most common, distressing, and costly psychiatric disorders worldwide. There are large price differences between different brands of the same antipsychotics marketed and prescribed in India. Escalating drug costs are one of the causes of drug non-compliance, which can lead to adverse health outcome.

Aims and Objective: The purpose of the study was to analyze the cost variability of different brands of oral antipsychotics marketed in India.

Materials and Methods: The present study was an observational analytical one. The highest and lowest price of each antipsychotic drugs in the same strength, marketed by different pharmaceutical companies, were collected from the current index of medical specialties (CIMS), January to April 2023. Calculations were done in Indian Rupees per 10 tablets/capsules. For each antipsychotic drug, the cost ratio and percentage of price variation (PPV) were calculated.

Results: The costs of a total of 14 drugs (10 single and 4 combined preparations) available in 337 dissimilar strengths were analyzed. Among typical antipsychotics, chlorpromazine 50 mg had the highest cost ratio and PPV of 5.36% and 435.62%, while haloperidol in the strength of 20 mg had the lowest cost ratio and PPV of 1.09% and 9.41%, respectively. On the other hand, atypical antipsychotic risperidone 1 mg had highest cost ratio and PPV of 6.97% and 596.99%, clozapine in the strength of 50 mg had lowest cost ratio and PPV of 1.13% and 13.18%, respectively. Among fixed-dose combinations, risperidone + trihexyphenidyl (2+2) mg had highest cost ratio and PPV of 2.47% and 147.53%, while trifluoperazine + trihexyphenidyl (10+2) mg had lowest cost ratio and PPV of 1.05% and 4.53%, respectively.

Conclusion: This study showed large differences in cost ratio as well as PPV between various brands of the same antipsychotics. To reduce the financial burden and improve drug compliance, physicians must prescribe less expensive drugs. Furthermore, for the benefit of patients in general, MBBS students, future community prescribers, should also be trained in pharmacoeconomics to make them aware of the cost differences of the same drugs from different brands.
Studies on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration on smoke dried African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Using Difernet Localized Smoke Drying Equipment
Authors: PA Okeke , CC Ichoku
Published: August 2023

The study of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) concentration of smoke dried Clarias gariepinus, using different smoking methods (Smoking Drum, Chorkor and Smoking kiln), with hardwood as source of energy, to determine which traditional method produced the best and safest smoke dried fish in terms of lowest PAH concentration for human consumption. The PAH components were determined using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) analysis. The results obtained were statistically analysed using SPSS (version 20.0) windows software. The PAH mean concentration and standard error mean (S.E.M), were calculated for each method and results were subjected to one way ANOVA at 0.05% significant level. There were significant difference (p<0.05) in the PAHs mean concentration values of (Pyrene, Benzo(g-h)perylene, 1-2 Benzanthracene, Benzo(a)Pyrene, Dibenzyl(a-h)anthracene, Fluorene, Benzo(k)Fluoranthene, Phenanthrene (0.57±0.66, 0.44±0.15, 0.41±0.28, 0.37±0.28, 0.27±0.03, 0.18±0.20, 0.13±0.26, 0.13±0.16) respectively, in fish smoked dried with smoking kiln, and those smoked with chorkor and drum fo PAH mean concentration of (0.25±0.50, 0.30±0.14, o.23±0.27, 0.25±0.20, 0.21±0.29, o.13±0.21, 0.09±0.18, 0.07±0.15 and (0.38±0.52, 0.23±0.19, 0.20±0.33, 0.33±0.12, 0.14±0.17. 0.09±0.18, 0.02±0.03) respectively. There was no significant difference in (p>0.05) in the PAH mean concentration values of Acenaphthylene and Naphthalene of fish samples smoked dried with chorkor and drum with (0.13±0.15, 0.16±0.20) and (0.12±0.13, 0.16±0.20) respectively, while Anthracene and kylene were absent in the fish samples smoked dried using all the methods. The PAH content of all the fish samples, were within the permissible limits of 2ppb set by the European Commission Regulation and are safe for human consumption. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)as a marker, did not exceed the maximum permissible limit and therefore safe for human consumption. It is recommended that fish processors should be sensitized on the genetoxic and carcinogenic effects of PAHs on the health of consumers of smoked dried fish.
PENGARUH JAMINAN RASA AMAN DAN AKSESIBILITAS TERHADAP MINAT MASYARAKAT DESA BONDER DALAM MEMILIH BANK SYARIAH
Authors: Baiq Ika Andriani  , Ma`ruf  , Sabrang Gilang Gemilang
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jaminan rasa aman dan aksesibilitas terhadap minat masyarakat desa bonder dalam memilih Bank Syariah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Desa Bonder sebanyak 100 masyarakat Desa Bonder dengan menggunakan teknik nonprobability sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan secara simultan jaminan rasa aman dan aksesibilitas berpengaruh positif terhadap minat masyarakat Desa Bonder dalam memilih bank syariah. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai F-htiung sebesar 7,052 > F-tabel 3,09 dengan nilai signifikan 0,001 < 0,05. Sedangkan secara parsial kedua variabel independen berpengaruh secara positif terhadap minat masyarakat Desa Bonder dalam memilih bank syariah. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai t-hitung dari jaminan rasa aman nilai t-hitung sebesar 2,743 > t-tabel 1,98472 dengan nilai signifikan 0,007 < 0,05. Aksesibilitas dengan nilai t-hitung sebesar 2,539 > t-tabel 1,98472 dengan nilai signifikan 0,013 < 0,05. Berdasarkan uji R Square (R2) pengaruh yang diberikan sebesar 12,7% sedangkan sisanya 87,3% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak menjadi variabel independen pada penelitian ini..
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN, BEBAN, KOMPENSASI DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP SEMANGAT KERJA PEGAWAI PADA KANTOR DINAS TENAGA KERJA DAN TRANSMIGRASI PRAYA
Authors: Rosyia Wardani  , Syaiful Amri  , Nurhidayati
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan kerja, beban kerja, kompensI dan motivasi kerja terhadap semangat kerja secara parsial dan simultan. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Asosiatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan kuesioner. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pegawai yang ada pada Dinas Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi sebanyak 75 pegawai. Teknik pengambilan sampel mengunakan non probability sampling dengan metode purposive sampling, sehingga diperoleh jumlah sampel sebanyak 48 orang. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa variabel lingkungan secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap semangat kerja, sedangkan beban kerja kompensasi secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap semangat kerja dan motivasi kerja secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap semangat kerja. Variabel lingkungan kerja, beban kerja, kompensasi dan motivasi kerja secara simultan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap semangat kerja. Hasil penelitian ini juga mampu menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen (lingkungan kerja, beban kerja, kompensasi dan motivasi kerja ) mampu menjelaskan variabel dependen (semangat kerja) sebesar 42%. Sedangkan sisanya 48% semangat kerja dipengaruhi variabel-variabel lain diluar lingkungan kerja, beban kerja, kompensasi dan motivasi kerja.
IMPLEMENTASI AKUNTANSI BERDASARKAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN PADA UMKM KRUPUK DI KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Endang Kartini  , Lalu Mimbar  , Izrawati
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) Mengetahui bentuk implentasi akuntansi berdasarkan SAK EMKM pada UMKM Krupuk di Kota Mataram, 2) Implementasi akuntansi pada UMKM Krupuk di Kota Mataram telah sesuai dengan SAK EMKM. Jenis data yang digunakan yaitu data kualitatif, berupa daftar pertanyaan atau pernyataan yang diberikan kepada pengusaha UMKM kerupuk sehubungan dengan implementasi akuntansi berdasarkan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan (SAK). Analisa data dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif, Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bentuk implementasi akuntansi pada UMKM kerupuk di Kota Mataram masih sangat sederhana dan rata-rata belum sesuai dengan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan, karena banyak yang belum memenuhi tahapan-tahapan siklus akuntansi. Kendala-kendala yang dihadapi untuk menyusun laporan keuangan yaitu masih kurangnya pengetahuan secara teknis dalam menyusun laporan tersebut, khususnya berbasis SAK, serta kurangnya kesadaran dan disiplin dari pihak UMKM akan pentingnya laporan keuangan yang lengkap dan sesuai standar UMKM, pentingnya laporan keuangan sebagai bahan atau alat untuk mengevaluasi hasil operasional masing-masing usaha mereka. Pemahaman para pengusaha UMKM Kerupuk mengenai Standar Akuntansi Keuangan ternyata masih kurang. Penyajian laporan keuangan secara keseluruhan bagi para pengusaha UMKM rata-rata sebesar 50.72% yang memenuhi kesesuaian berdasarkan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan (SAK)
Urgensi Kedudukan Lembaga Badan Permusyawaratan Desa Menurut Peraturan Perundang-Undangan
Authors: Bustamin Bustamin , Azhari Intan Putri , Putri Adriyanti Agustina , Marlina Evi , Suci Rama Gita , Rodiah Siti , Azmi Zul , Armel R Septian , Henur Rizda Akira , Rahayu Nadila
Published: August 2023

The Village Advice Center is a village institution that has very strategic roles and functions as well as tasks in the management of the village administration in accordance with the mandate of Law No. 6 of 2014 on Villages. The passing of the law has an impact on the paradigm shift of the BPD institution from an element of the village administration organizer to an institution outside the village administration. The problem that has arisen so far is the poor mastery/understanding of the BPD members with regard to the laws and regulations relating to BPD, which are actually a guide in the performance of their functions and duties. This service is conducted to improve the human resources of the BPD Pulau Permai Village in understanding and applying the BPD legislation. This activity was conducted in the Pulau Permai Village Meeting Building in Kec. Mining district. Kampar. Training and professional advice are chosen as an approach, in particular by explaining the material in tutorials and discussions as well as by providing legal provisions and BPD guidelines.
Pelatihan Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan dan Manajemen Keuangan UMKM dalam Upaya Pengembangan Usaha
Authors: Rozi Facrul , Amalia Mekar Meilisa , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Rangkuti Sahnan , Wahyuni Dewi
Published: August 2023

Since the government ratified the Indonesian batik day, efforts to develop the business of batik craftsmen in Solo Raya have generally increased, however, the craftsmen have experienced difficulties in loan business. Creditors need financial statements which are the only reliable information in consideration for lending. Not infrequently because batik craftsmen throughout Solo Raya do not have financial reports, the craftsmen have not been able to get business capital from loans. The approach used in this Abdimas activity: 1). Lecture method. 2) Training Methods. Meanwhile, the data collection method used by the Abdimas Team on Financial Management is in the form of questions and answers and discussions with participants. Overall, counseling on the preparation of financial reports and financial management of MSMEs received a good response from various parties, both the perpetrators of MSMEs in Wijaya Kusuma batik, batik craftsmen and officials in Solo Raya.
Estrategias de IA aplicada a la auditoria informática
Authors: Reyes Alejandro
Published: August 2023

La auditoría se ha visto asociada con conceptos erróneos, como la idea de que su objetivo es buscar errores y atacar a funcionarios. Sin embargo, la auditoría va más allá de estos hallazgos y ha evolucionado con el tiempo. En la actualidad, la auditoría de TI es un tema importante para las organizaciones modernas. En un entorno cambiante, la capacidad de gestionar riesgos y proteger información valiosa se ha vuelto crucial para la sostenibilidad y el valor empresarial. En este contexto, se han realizado esfuerzos para aplicar estrategias de inteligencia artificial en las auditorías de TI, lo que ofrece oportunidades para mejorar el proceso de auditoría. La propuesta es utilizar herramientas y técnicas de IA para analizar grandes volúmenes de datos, identificar patrones y anomalías, automatizar tareas repetitivas y fortalecer los controles internos. Esto permite una mayor eficiencia y efectividad de las auditorías, así como la confianza en un entorno empresarial digital en constante cambio. El objetivo del artículo es explorar el uso de la inteligencia artificial en las auditorías de TI y analizar cómo puede mejorar el proceso, aumentar la seguridad de los activos digitales y proporcionar recomendaciones basadas en hallazgos. La propuesta implica el uso de algoritmos de aprendizaje automático y técnicas de análisis de datos para lograr estos objetivos
Herramientas de IA aplicables a la Educación
Authors: Baltazar Cristofer
Published: August 2023

Este artículo examina el impacto de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la educación, enfocándose en tres herramientas específicas: ChatGPT, Sistemas de Tutoría Inteligente (ITS) y miMente IA. ChatGPT utiliza procesamiento de lenguaje natural para brindar respuestas precisas a las consultas de los usuarios, mientras que los ITS son programas diseñados para enseñar y proporcionar retroalimentación individualizada. Por otro lado, miMente IA se centra en el bienestar mental de los estudiantes. Se destaca que la integración de herramientas de IA en la educación puede mejorar la calidad del aprendizaje mediante la personalización y la evaluación automatizada, aunque se hace hincapié en considerar aspectos éticos. En resumen, la integración estratégica de herramientas de IA en la educación tiene un gran potencial para mejorar la experiencia educativa y preparar a los estudiantes para el futuro tecnológico.
Estrategias para valoración de la calidad del talento humano
Authors: Criollo Andrea , Campoverde Carlos , Castillo Joel , Herrera William
Published: August 2023

El concepto de gestión del talento ha atraído la mayor parte de la atención de los investigadores en los últimos tiempos. Como el capital humano ha sido conocido como el elemento más crítico de la ventaja competitiva, la mayoría de las organizaciones de todo el mundo han comprendido la importancia de la gestión del talento. El talento humano de una organización es uno de sus activos más valiosos. Es esencial contar con el talento adecuado en el lugar adecuado para alcanzar el éxito. Sin embargo, evaluar la calidad del talento humano de una organización no es tarea fácil. Para asegurarse de que una organización está invirtiendo en los mejores talentos, es importante contar con una estrategia de evaluación eficaz. Se han presentado estrategias que pueden ayudar a evaluar la calidad del talento humano en una organización. Mediante el uso de estas estrategias, se puede valorar si la organización cuenta con las personas adecuadas en los puestos adecuados, lo que le permitirá tener éxito y crecer.
Integrating Traditional Healers into the Health Care System: Challenges and Opportunities in South Africa
Authors: Mutale Wilbroad , Matenga Tulani Francis L. , Wagner Ryan , Clemens Elise , Audet Carolyn M
Published: August 2023

Background: Traditional medicine is widely used around the world to prevent, manage and cure illnesses. For many people living in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in rural areas, traditional medicine is their primary source of health care. Traditional medicines are often used concurrently with treatment from allopathic providers, resulting in concerns related to toxicity, dosing, adherence, and retention in chronic disease treatments. This paper explores opportunities for integrating traditional healers into the allopathic health care system by analysing the challenges hindering integration in order to improve health outcomes for those who routinely oscillate between the two systems.

Method: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 30 traditional healers in rural South Africa. Thematic data analysis, using a combination of deductive and inductive coding, was applied using Nvivo Data management software.

Results: The study showed that collaboration between traditional healers and the health care system exists in an ad-hoc manner, primarily via health education (allopathic to healer), provision of protective materials to healers (e.g. latex gloves), and the referral of patients to the health system for tests and treatments not available to traditional providers. Despite these collaborative efforts, mistrust and a perceived lack of respect for traditional healer’s practices by allopathic providers make formal collaboration difficult. Traditional healers propose opportunities to improve relations including; trust building, bi-directional referral systems as well as improved resource and information sharing systems.   

Conclusion: This study has identified potential for more formal linkages between the traditional and allopathic medical systems in SSA, as a means to support patients who ulitize both services for their healthcare needs. The lack of formal policy direction and guidelines has made it difficult to officially bring together these complementary systems that provide parallel services to the same patients and community.
Justification of Imaging Medical Exposures: A Review of Literature to Guide Evidence-Based Practice in Zambia
Authors: Bwanga Osward , Nyanga Ian
Published: August 2023

Background: The use of radiation in imaging has increased and resulted in major improvements in the diagnosis of diseases and injuries in medicine. Although the associated risks to patients exposed to radiation are low, the increase in demand is becoming a global concern due to unjustified imaging medical exposures.

 Objective: To review the literature on the causes of unnecessary medical exposures and strategies used to support referring medical practitioners in the justification of imaging examinations in order to guide evidence-based practice in Zambia.

 Methodology: Literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE database to find research, guidelines, expert opinions and reviews. This was supplemented by searching of radiology professional bodies and radiation protection websites. Nine publications were selected based on their relevance and included in this review.

 Results: Ten main causes of unjustified imaging medical exposures were identified: a lack of awareness about radiation doses and risks, a lack of referral guidelines, over-reliance on imaging, self-referral, defensive medicine, a lack of consultation, non-availability of non-ionising radiation modalities, requesting wrong investigations, repeating examinations which have already been performed, and failing to provide clinical information. Furthermore, three strategies to support medical practitioners were identified: education and training, referral guidelines, and clinical audits.

Conclusion: This review has highlighted the main causes of unjustified medical exposures and has brought about awareness of this subject. Even with the resource constraints, it is possible to adopt these strategies identified in this review to support medical practitioners in the justification of imaging medical exposures in Zambia.