bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taking the TESOL Practicum Abroad
Authors: Cho Hyesun , Peter Lizette
Published: November 2016

This chapter examines the experiences of four native English-speaking preservice teachers in a faculty-led study abroad program in South Korea. It elucidates the ways in which these preservice teachers experienced personal and professional growth with an increasing critical awareness of the power imbalance embedded in English language teaching in the global context. Data were collected via students' weekly online discussion posts, electronic portfolio artifacts, and focus group interviews. Findings indicate personal and professional growth in participants' self-perceptions as a result of at least two fundamental aspects of the program: 1) the intentionality with which participants were exposed to a critique of English language teaching in the Korean context and 2) the residential nature of the experience, which provided intensive peer collaboration among practicum participants. The chapter concludes with recommendations for implementing a TESOL practicum abroad as a meaningful and consciousness-raising opportunity for preservice teachers' professional development.
“The World is So Much Bigger”
Authors: Keller Tina Marie
Published: November 2016

Opportunities to experience diverse religious traditions while traveling abroad can create invitations to explore the role of religion in identity. This becomes important as teacher educators prepare preservice teachers for classrooms of increasing religious diversity. This study examined the impact of a two-week experience in Israel for three preservice teachers before, immediately after, and one year after the trip. The data suggests that purposeful inclusions of religious experiences, sites, and more importantly personal encounters with individuals of a variety of faiths can create occasions to reflect upon the role of religion in identity. The preservice teachers in this study, while each possessing unique perspectives, spoke to the impact of this experience upon their teaching in the classroom. The chapter concludes with suggested recommendations on how to incorporate religion while planning a trip with preservice teachers.
Of Chalk and Chai
Authors: Malfatti Gabrielle
Published: November 2016

Study abroad opportunities specifically designed for PK-12 pre-service teachers in their disciplines are rare as a part of education degrees. While the design, implementation, and continuous improvement of international experiences for pre-service teachers are not without challenges, the gains for participants and strides toward the globalization and re-humanization of the profession are well worth the efforts for internationalization of teacher preparation. This chapter focuses on the experience of establishing teach abroad programs in India and South Africa for education majors at the University of Missouri. The overarching goal of this culturally-immersive experience is to better prepare future teachers to effectively perform in multicultural classrooms. The program seeks to promote the development of the participants' cultural self-awareness and adaptability, and to facilitate their access to firsthand experiences with diverse world views.
Perception of Race Discrimination by the Police in Europe
Authors: Larsson Daniel , Schmauch Ulrika
Published: November 2016

Procedural justice is an important principle in democratic societies, which fails when police discriminate minorities through for example racial profiling and during crime report procedures. This not only violates individuals' rights, it also increases corruption, make police work problematic and decrease trust in the justice system. The aim of the chapter is to investigate perception of police discrimination against minorities, with focus on whether anti-immigrant attitudes have an independent impact on the perception of police discrimination. We use European Social Survey, collected in 2010, including 24 countries and around 45,000 respondents. The results show that anti-immigrant attitudes imply that respondents don't believe the police to discriminate independent on individual factors such as education, gender, minority and country factors such as corruption, inequality and the proportion of non-European inhabitants in the country.
The Color of Victimology
Authors: Hernandezpeterson Kyrie
Published: November 2016

Victims are the center of the criminal justice system. However, negative treatment by any service provider discourages individuals from taking advantage of the services being offered to victims through various organizations in their respective communities. The study of victims (victimology) is informative on the physical, psychological, and emotional effects crimes have on victims. Victim assistance programs and resources have substantially grown over the years in an effort to improve protection to all and assist in pursuing proper justice for victims and those suffering from victimization. The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and Uniform Crime Report (UCR) are used to gather statistics to further victim research. High profile cases in the media have led to the criminal justice system being deemed biased. Statistics do not substantiate racial discrimination in victimology or in the criminal justice system. There are instances of discrimination in select cases, but as a whole, the criminal justice system should not be viewed as discriminative. The focus should be placed on refining victim assistance programs and being creative in providing the proper resources victims need to receive the justice they deserve and the care and help they need.
The (Revised List of) Top 10 Technologies for 21st Century Instruction
Authors: Tomei Lawrence A.
Published: November 2016

Volume 9, Issue 3 of the IJICTE (July-September 2013), Top 10 Technologies for Designing 21st Century Instruction, offered a first look at classroom technologies recommended to advance teaching and learning in the classroom. In this revised chapter, as with the original paper, we persist in seeking answers to important questions: “How does technology fit into my teaching?” How can I teach my students to become technologically literate?” “How do I infuse technology into as many levels of my curriculum as possible?” This chapter examines more contemporary technologies that readers should consider in preparing and delivering classroom instruction. We have attempted to rank order the technologies according to their broadest application across curriculum, offering a priority for how important these technologies might be in the classroom. Included in the coverage of each technology is a description of the technology, its primary features, advantages and disadvantages, and additional resources that bear witness to how they actually impact teaching and learning.
Transmedia Storytelling Edutainment and the Contemporary Textbook in Higher E-Education
Authors: Kalogeras Stavroula
Published: November 2016

In the era of media convergence, transmedia (cross-media/cross-platform/multi-platform) narratives are catering to users who are willing to immerse themselves in their favorite entertainment content. The inherent interactivity of the Internet and the emotional engagement of story can lead to innovative pedagogies in media rich environments. In the digital age, the textbook is being replaced by new forms of learning technologies such as a story-based screentext. This paper focuses on web-based Transmedia Storytelling Edutainment as a pedagogical practice in higher education.
A Need for Cyber Security Creativity
Authors: Patrick Harold , Fields Ziska
Published: November 2016

Information technology is rapidly increasing and evolving all the time in pursuit for better solutions and products for the digitized world. Technology advancement and greater connectivity has moved organizations to better economic markets for sustainability. Together with better technology and greater connectivity, cybercrime is swiftly growing on par with these developments. This chapter focuses on the cyber security landscape and threats faced by organizations. The growth and sophistication of cybercrime is stressed. Cyber security creative approaches security risk assessment, cloud collaboration and data analytics are provided. This chapter ends with propositions that security creative approaches should be used as a method of managing cybercrime and ensuring that the organization's sustainability and governance are improved.
A Systemic Approach towards Responsible and Sustainable Economic Development
Authors: Van der Westhuizen Thea
Published: November 2016

A possible way to increase responsible and sustainable economic development is to enhance collective innovation and entrepreneurship on various systemic levels in order to gain socio-economic developmental momentum. In an era which faces socio-economic changes on multiple systemic levels, especially within the mundosystem, collective and creative approaches towards systemic activities are necessary, not only to drive businesses forward, but to give momentum to global economies. In this chapter, the author philosophizes about entrepreneurship, systems theory and socio-economic momentum and how these play an important role to give momentum to responsible and sustainable economic growth.
The Use of Social Media and Online Petitions to Achieve Collective Change for a Sustainable Future
Authors: Naidoo Vannie
Published: November 2016

Scandals of corruption in government and mismanagement in business and government departments has made us rethink of what the world is becoming and what should be done to steer it on the right track. Brilliant policy and law makers have tried to put in place laws and governing statutes that can assist in ethically governing businesses and governments so that they can sustain themselves and maintain a healthy respectful and transparent relationship with all their stakeholders and communities. The failure by certain governments and businesses to adhere to policy, statutes and laws has frustrated good people and their only podium left standing is social media and online petitions. On websites worldwide communities are getting together to discuss and defame businesses and governments that are perpetuating unethical behaviour. This has changed the face of marketing as marketers and the public relations departments are in change of maintain and promoting a company or governments image. The face of marketing has changed as social media has introduced itself into the mix.
On-line Research for Public Administration
Authors: Garson G. David
Published: November 2016

This paper presents an overview of on-line research tools for public sector practitioners and researchers. Sections cover generic searching on the World Wide Web, common governmental website destinations, academic Web sites in public administration, nongovernmental organization Web sites, public policy Web sites, data-related Web sites, the exploration of data from the U. S. Census, legislative and legal research on-line, news research online, on-line geographic data, public-sector labor research, researching bibliography online, and keeping up with the changing online environment.
Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Ni-SiO2 Nanocomposite Coating with Excellent Corrosion Resistance on Mild Steel
Authors: Xiang Teng Fei , Ding Shi Bing , Li Cheng , Zheng Shun Li , Zhang Man Xin , Hu Wei , Wang Jing
Published: November 2016

Superhydrophobic surfaces were fabricated on mild steel substrate by electrochemical deposition technique. The morphology of superhydrophobic coating shows a hierarchical structure, the contact angle of water on which is up to 160.1° and the sliding angle is about 1°. The corrosion resistance of as-prepared samples was measured by potentiodynamic polarization curves. The results show that the sample with superhydrophobicity provided better protection against corrosion. The corrosion potential of the sample was found a remarkable drift positively and the corrosion current density decreased sharply compared with which show high adhesion. This route may offer a potential possibility to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces in large scale in industry and easy to generalize it to other metal materials.
Magnetic Behaviour of FeCo/Cu Core Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Sarkar Angshuman , Hembram Shilabati , Chatterjee Subhranshu , Deb Pritam , Basu Mallick Amitava
Published: November 2016

In the present investigation, FeCo/Cu core shell nanoparticles were prepared by coating a Cu layer over FeCo alloy nanoparticles through displacement reaction. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the presence of FeCo and Cu phases in the sample. The grain size and lattice strains of the core shell nanostructures were evaluated from the x-ray profiles by using single line profile analysis technique. The effect of annealing temperature on the magnetic properties of the core shell nanoparticles was studied by using a vibrating sample magnetometer. The results showed that the magnetic properties improve significantly after annealing the compacts of core shell nanoparticles under a magnetic field. Enhancement in magnetization was observed in the compacts with the increase in annealing temperature. Highest saturation magnetization value of 56 emu/g was recorded in the sample which was annealed at 600°C. It has been also found that the blocking temperature of the core shell nanoparticles increases with the increase in annealing temperature.
SVR-Based Predictive Model for 2519 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Tang J.L. , Liu H.Y. , Gui M.H. , Tang J.Y.
Published: November 2016

For 2519 aluminum alloy, there are very complex nonlinear relations among the thermal dynamical parameters in the process of deforming. In this paper, the support vector regression (SVR) approach is proposed to establish a model for predicting flow stress of 2519 alloy base on the flows tress experimental data of 2519 aluminum alloy under two influential factors, including strain and strain rate. Research showed that the prediction precision of SVR model is high enough: the mean absolute error (MAE) is 0.181, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is 0.434%, root mean square error (RMSE) is 0.22, multiple correlation coefficient (R2) is 0.998. This research suggests that SVR is an effective and powerful tool for predicting the flow stress of 2519 aluminum alloy.
Effect of Cross-Linker Concentration on the Synthesis and Swelling Behaviour of Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) Using Graft Polymerization Techniques
Authors: Che Ani Norlirabiatuladawiyah , Jamari Saidatul Shima , Wan Yaacob Wan Siti Nadiah
Published: November 2016

The graft polymerization of acrylic acid by varying the amount of cross-linker in ranging of 0.001 g to 0.05 g was investigated. The effect of cross-linker in synthesized superabsorbent polymers (SAP) was identified in terms of water absorbency responses by keeping the values of monomer and initiator. The implementation of SAP in agriculture could develop plant growth, enhancing water retention capacity in soils which can reducing dewatering system and improved the efficiency of soil condition so higher yield of product can be obtained particularly in arid regions. The SAPs were synthesized by graft polymerization using acrylic acid (AA) as monomer, N,N’-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as cross-linker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator. The optimum water absorbency of synthesize SAP was defined using tea-bag method in deionize water. The structures of synthesize SAP was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and morphologies of synthesize SAP was examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) testing. From the result, it was obvious showed that water absorbency will decreased as the increased of concentration of cross-linker which is MBA in synthesize SAP. The best value content of MBA was 0.01 g which achieved the highest water absorbency response which is 170 g water/g sample. In conclusion, SAP has hydrophilic structure of which renders them capable for holding a large amount of water which can help to retain nutrients and absorb water in soil with various applications for plant growth and soil condition which will be useful especially in agriculture field.
Study on Copper Particle Removal from Silicon Surface Based on Binary Systems Consisting of High Pressure Carbon Dioxide and Solvents
Authors: Cheng You Liang , Du Shang Ren , Jin Guang Ya
Published: November 2016

In this study, a mathematical model is constructed to calculate the forces of a single copper particle on the silicon surface in CO2+solvent systems. The equilibrium separation distance (ESD) and net adhesion force (NAF) are used to discriminate the difficulty of particle removal. In general,the bigger the NAF is, the more difficult the cleaning is. Series values of ESD and NAF are obtained by altering the particle radius, temperature, pressure and solvent type. The value of NAF decreases with the increase of pressure and increases with the increase of the particle radius. When the particle radius is 110 nm, the variations of ESD and NAF with system pressure in CO2+acetone system indicate that, the ESD always exhibits a maximum in the regions of temperature range (303.15-323.15K) and higher pressure could facilitate the particle removal. When the pressure is super high, the lower temperature get the smaller NAF. Besides, the variations of ESD and NAF with system pressure are gained from the contrastive analysis of three different solvents including acetone, isopropanol and methanol at 313.15K. The calculation results indicate that acetone and isopropanol, especially the isopropanol,have good particle removal abilities with respect to methanol which NAF value is biggest and tends to be unstable.
Putting Qumran, Jesus and his movement into relief
Authors: Scheffler Eben
Published: November 2016

After referring briefly to the fantasies regarding the origins of Christianity as elicited by the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls in 1947 (Dupont-Sommer, Allegro, Thiering), the purpose of the contribution is to put the Jesus movement into relief in the context of first-century Judaism. The identity of the Qumranites is argued to be Essene scribes. The identity, ideology and practices of the latter are compared with those of Jesus of Nazareth and the movement he elicited using the following rubrics: (1) Jesus, the teacher of righteousness and the powers that be; (2) asceticism versus itinerary charismaticism; (3) caring versus lack of caring for the sick, poor and marginalised; (4) elitist priests and scribes versus lower-class peasants; (5) the interpretation of the law; (6) religious and daily practices (baptism, ritual meal, sacrifice, prayer, community of possessions, scribal activity); (7) religious views or ideology (kingdom of God, the new covenant, light and darkness, politics). The result is a picture of Jesus (with his focus on human suffering) in sharp relief versus Qumran and facets of the early church.
Ethnic Identity Attachment and Motivation for Weight Loss and Exercise among Rural, Overweight, African-American Women
Authors: Smalley K. Bryant , Warren Jacob C. , McClendon Sydney , Peacock Wilburn , Caro Marisol
Published: November 2016

Rural and minority women are disproportionately impacted by the obesity epidemic; however, little research has studied the intersection of these disparity groups. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of racial identity on motivation for weight loss and exercise among rural, African-American women with an obesity-linked chronic disease. A total of 154 African-American women were recruited from the patient population of a Federally Qualified Health Center in the rural South to complete a questionnaire battery including the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure and separate assessments of motivation for weight loss and exercise. Multivariate analyses, controlling for age, education status, insurance status, and body mass index revealed that attachment to ethnic identity was predictive of motivation for exercise but not for weight loss. Our findings suggest that attachment to ethnic identity may be an important factor in motivation for change among African-American women, particularly with respect to exercise, with direct implications for the development of culturally and geographically tailored weight loss interventions.
Analysis of Helicobacter pylori Prevalence in Chittagong, Bangladesh, Based on PCR and CLO Test
Authors: Habib Abdul Musaweer , Alam Jibran , Rudra Bashudev , Quader Abdul , Al-Forkan Mohammad
Published: November 2016

The pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori is a causative agent of gastric diseases in Bangladesh as well as throughout the world. This study aimed at analyzing the prevalence of H. pylori infection among dyspeptic patients in Chittagong, the second most populous city of Bangladesh, using 16S rRNA-based H. pylori-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction and Campylobacter-like organism test. We found that 67% of the population under study was positive for H. pylori infection. Gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer disease showed statistically significant association with H. pylori infection; however, no association of H. pylori infection was observed in terms of age and gender. This study would play a crucial role in managing H. pylori-induced gastric diseases by understanding the current trend of H. pylori infection in the Chittagong region of Bangladesh.
Metabolic Signatures of Lung Cancer in Sputum and Exhaled Breath Condensate Detected by 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Ahmed Naseer , Bezabeh Tedros , Ijare Omkar B. , Myers Renelle , Alomran Reem , Aliani Michel , Nugent Zoann , Banerji Shantanu , Kim Julian , Qing Gefei , Bshouty Zoheir
Published: November 2016

Objectives

Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancers. Currently, there are no biomarkers for early detection, monitoring treatment response, and detecting recurrent lung cancer. We undertook this study to determine if 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of sputum and exhaled breath condensate (EBC), as a noninvasive tool, can identify metabolic biomarkers of lung cancer.

Materials and Methods

Sputum and EBC samples were collected from 20 patients, comprising patients with pathologically confirmed non-small cell lung cancer ( n = 10) and patients with benign respiratory conditions ( n = 10). Both sputum and EBC samples were collected from 18 patients; 2 patients provided EBC samples only. 1H MR spectra were obtained on a Bruker Avance 400 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer. Sputum samples were further confirmed cytologically to distinguish between true sputum and saliva.

Results

In the EBC samples, median concentrations of propionate, ethanol, acetate, and acetone were higher in lung cancer patients compared to the patients with benign conditions. Median concentration of methanol was lower in lung cancer patients (0.028 mM) than in patients with benign conditions (0.067 mM; P = 0.028). In the combined sputum and saliva and the cytologically confirmed sputum samples, median concentrations of N-acetyl sugars, glycoprotein, propionate, lysine, acetate, and formate were lower in the lung cancer patients than in patients with benign conditions. Glucose was found to be consistently absent in the combined sputum and saliva samples (88%) as well as in the cytologically confirmed sputum samples (86%) of lung cancer patients.

Conclusion

Absence of glucose in sputum and lower concentrations of methanol in EBC of lung cancer patients discerned by 1H MRS may serve as metabolic biomarkers of lung cancer for early detection, monitoring treatment response, and detecting recurrence.
Toric Geometry ofSL2(ℂ) Free Group Character Varieties from Outer Space
Authors: Manon Christopher
Published: November 2016

Culler and Vogtmann defined a simplicial spaceO(g), calledouter space, to study the outer automorphism group of the free groupFg. Using representation theoretic methods, we give an embedding ofO(g) into the analytification of X(Fg,SL2(ℂ)), theSL2(ℂ) character variety ofFg, reproving a result of Morgan and Shalen. Then we show that every pointvcontained in a maximal cell ofO(g) defines a flat degeneration of X(Fg,SL2(ℂ)) to a toric varietyX(PΓ). We relate X(Fg,SL2(ℂ)) andX(v) topologically by showing that there is a surjective, continuous, proper map Ξv:X(Fg,SL2(ℂ)) →X(v). We then show that this map is a symplectomorphism on a dense open subset of X(Fg, SL2(ℂ)) with respect to natural symplectic structures on X(Fg, SL2(ℂ)) andX(v). In this way, we construct an integrable Hamiltonian system in X(Fg, SL2(ℂ)) for each point in a maximal cell ofO(g), and we show that eachvdefines a topological decomposition of X(Fg, SL2(ℂ)) derived from the decomposition ofX(PΓ) by its torus orbits. Finally, we show that the valuations coming from the closure of a maximal cell inO(g) all arise as divisorial valuations built from an associated projective compactification of X(Fg, SL2(ℂ)).
Finite Element Simulations with Adaptively Moving Mesh for the Reaction Diffusion System
Authors: Xie Congcong , Hu Xianliang
Published: November 2016

A moving mesh method is proposed for solving reaction-diffusion equations. The finite element method is used to solving the partial different equation system, and an efficient numerical scheme is applied to implement mesh moving. In the practical calculations, the moving mesh step and the problem equation solver are performed alternatively. Several numerical examples are presented, including the Gray-Scott, the Activator-Inhibitor and a case with a growing domain. It is illustrated numerically that the moving mesh methods costs much lower, compared with the numerical schemes on a fixed mesh. Even in the case of complex pattern dynamics described by the reaction-diffusion systems, the adapted meshes can capture the details successfully.
Heterogeneous uptake of ammonia and dimethylamine into sulfuric
and oxalic acid particles
Authors: Sauerwein Meike , Chan Chak Keung
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Heterogeneous uptake is one of the major mechanisms governing the amounts of short-chain alkyl-amines and ammonia (NH3) gases resident in atmospheric particles. Molar ratios of aminium to ammonium ions detected in ambient aerosols often exceed typical gas phase ratios. The present study investigated the simultaneous uptake of dimethylamine (DMA) and NH3 into sulfuric and oxalic acid particles at gaseous DMA/NH3 molar ratios of 0.1 and 0.5 at 10 %, 50 %, and 70 % relative humidity (RH). Single gas uptake and co-uptake were conducted under identical conditions and compared. Results showed that the particulate dimethyl-aminium/ammonium molar ratios (DMAH/NH4) changed substantially during the uptake process, which was predominantly influenced by the extent of neutralization and the particle phase state. DMA uptake and NH3 uptake into concentrated H2SO4 droplets were initially similarly efficient, yielding DMAH/NH4 that were similar to DMA/NH3 ratios. As the co-uptake continued the DMAH/NH4 gradually dropped due to a preferential uptake of NH3 into still acidic droplets. Once the droplets were neutralized, the stronger base DMA displaced some of the ammonium absorbed earlier, leading to DMAH/NH4 that were up to four times higher than the corresponding gas phase ratios. At 10 % RH, crystallization of partially neutralized sulfate particles prevented further DMA uptake, while NH3 uptake continued, and displaced DMAH+ after the solid particles were completely neutralized, forming almost pure ammonium sulfate. Displacement of DMAH+ by NH3 has also been observed in neutralized, solid oxalate particles. The results illustrate why in ambient liquid aerosols the DMAH/NH4 can be larger than DMA/NH3, despite of an excess of NH3 in the gas phase; the uptake of DMA to aerosols consisting of crystalline ammonium salts, however is unlikely, even if the gas concentrations of DMA and NH3 are of the same magnitude.
Analysis of aerosol absorption properties and transport over North Africa and the Middle East using AERONET data
Authors: Farahat Ashraf , El-Askary Hesham , Adetokunbo Peter , Fuad Abu-Tharr
Published: November 2016

Abstract. In this paper particle categorization and absorption properties were discussed to understand transport mechanisms at different geographic locations and possible radiative impacts on climate. The long-term Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data set (1999–2015) is used to estimate aerosol optical depth (AOD), single scattering albedo (SSA), and the absorption Ångström exponent (αabs) at eight locations in North Africa and the Middle East. Average variation in SSA is calculated at four wavelengths (440, 675, 870, and 1020 nm), and the relationship between aerosol absorption and physical properties is used to infer dominant aerosol types at different locations. It was found that seasonality and geographic location play a major role in identifying dominant aerosol types at each location. Analyzing aerosol characteristics among different sites using AERONET Version 2, Level 2.0 data retrievals and the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT) backward trajectories shows possible aerosol particle transport among different locations indicating the importance of understanding transport mechanisms in identifying aerosol sources.
WCRP COordinated Regional Downscaling EXperiment (CORDEX): a diagnostic MIP for CMIP6
Authors: Gutowski Jr. William J. , Giorgi Filippo , Timbal Bertrand , Frigon Anne , Jacob Daniela , Kang Hyun-Suk , Raghavan Krishnan , Lee Boram , Lennard Christopher , Nikulin Grigory , O'Rourke Eleanor , Rixen Michel , Solman Silvina , Stephenson Tannecia , Tangang Fredolin
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The COordinated Regional Downscaling EXperiment (CORDEX) is a diagnostic model intercomparison project (MIP) in CMIP6. CORDEX builds on a foundation of previous downscaling intercomparison projects to provide a common framework for downscaling activities around the world. The CORDEX Regional Challenges provide a focus for downscaling research and a basis for making use of CMIP6 global climate model (GCM) output to produce downscaled projected changes in regional climates and assess sources of uncertainties in the projections, all of which can potentially be distilled into climate change information for vulnerability, impacts and adaptation studies. CORDEX Flagship Pilot Studies advance regional downscaling by targeting one or more of the CORDEX Regional Challenges. A CORDEX-CORE framework is planned that will produce a baseline set of homogeneous high-resolution, downscaled projections for regions worldwide. In CMIP6, CORDEX coordinates with ScenarioMIP and is structured to allow cross comparisons with HighResMIP and interaction with the CMIP6 VIACS Advisory Board.
Multi-annual modes in the 20th century temperature variability in reanalyses and CMIP5 models
Authors: Järvinen Heikki , Seitola Teija , Silén Johan , Räisänen Jouni
Published: November 2016

Abstract. A performance expectation is that Earth system models simulate well the climate mean state and the climate variability. To test this expectation, we decompose two 20th century reanalysis data sets and 12 CMIP5 model simulations for the years 1901–2005 of the monthly mean near-surface air temperature using randomised multi-channel singular spectrum analysis (RMSSA). Due to the relatively short time span, we concentrate on the representation of multi-annual variability which the RMSSA method effectively captures as separate and mutually orthogonal spatio-temporal components. This decomposition is a unique way to separate statistically significant quasi-periodic oscillations from one another in high-dimensional data sets.The main results are as follows. First, the total spectra for the two reanalysis data sets are remarkably similar in all timescales, except that the spectral power in ERA-20C is systematically slightly higher than in 20CR. Apart from the slow components related to multi-decadal periodicities, ENSO oscillations with approximately 3.5- and 5-year periods are the most prominent forms of variability in both reanalyses. In 20CR, these are relatively slightly more pronounced than in ERA-20C. Since about the 1970s, the amplitudes of the 3.5- and 5-year oscillations have increased, presumably due to some combination of forced climate change, intrinsic low-frequency climate variability, or change in global observing network. Second, none of the 12 coupled climate models closely reproduce all aspects of the reanalysis spectra, although some models represent many aspects well. For instance, the GFDL-ESM2M model has two nicely separated ENSO periods although they are relatively too prominent as compared with the reanalyses. There is an extensive Supplement and YouTube videos to illustrate the multi-annual variability of the data sets.
Stochastic Wake Modeling Based on POD Analysis
Authors: Bastine David , Vollmer Lukas , Wächter Matthias , Peinke Joachim
Published: November 2016

Abstract. In this work, large eddy simulation data is analyzed to investigate a new stochastic modeling approach for the wake of a wind turbine. The data is generated by the LES model PALM combined with an actuator disk with rotation representing the turbine. After applying a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), three different stochastic models for the weighting coefficients of the POD modes are deduced resulting in three wake models. Their performance is investigated mainly on the basis of aeroelastic simulations of a wind turbine in the wake. Three different load cases and their statistic characteristics are compared for the original LES, truncated PODs and the stochastic wake models including different numbers of POD modes. It is shown that approximately six POD modes are enough to capture the load dynamics on large temporal scales. Modeling the weighting coefficients as independent stochastic processes leads to similar load characteristics as in the case of the truncated POD. To complete this simplified wake description, we show evidence that the small-scale dynamics can be grasped by adding to our model a homogeneous turbulent field. In this way, we present a procedure how to derive stochastic wake models from costly CFD calculations or elaborated experimental investigations. These numerically efficient models provide the added value of possible long-term studies. Depending on the aspects of interest, different minimalized models may be obtained.
Editorial núm 19
Authors: Castillo Herrera Beverly
Published: November 2016

La REVISTA CIENTIFICA DE FAREM-Estelí arriba al número 19 correspondiente al trimestre Julio-Septiembre 2016.  En este número, la Revista está organizada en cinco secciones: ciencias de la educación, ciencias económicas, ciencias sociales, estado del arte en investigación y ensayos.  Todos los artículos que aquí se publican provienen de resultados de investigaciones que se han realizado en Nicaragua y Venezuela.
Desarrollando competencias en el modelo escuela nueva. Programa Universidad en el campo, UNAN-Managua, Nicaragua
Authors: Laguna Gámez Julio César
Published: November 2016

El Modelo Escuela Nueva, del programa Universidad en el Campo, define desarrollar competencias en discentes en formación, para la implementación de los pilares de la educación definidos por la UNESCO, que son aprender a conocer, aprender a ser, aprender a hacer, aprender a convivir y aprender a convivir con el medio ambiente. En este trabajo se realizaron entrevistas a docentes que imparten docencia al grupo de Desarrollo Rural Sostenible en el Municipio Tuma La Dalia y a un grupo focal de 13 estudiantes. Los principales resultados en los docentes, en el aprender a conocer, tienen buena formación técnica, implementan metodologías activas pero todavía en varios momentos aplican educación tradicional, presentan debilidades en la evaluación del conocimiento. La investigación se aplica pero con limitantes, no se hace la aplicación teórica a la solución de la problemática identificada. El aprender a ser, tiene que ver con comportamiento y valores que empiezan con lo que trasmite el facilitador. El aprender a convivir, tiene que ver con la tolerancia, situación que se cultiva de forma sistemática. En el aspecto de aprender a convivir con el medio ambiente, se ha hecho mucho énfasis, apropiando al estudiantado en una sólida conciencia ambientalista.
Métodos de casos para el aprendizaje de la Entomología Forense
Authors: Núñez Rodríguez José Antonio
Published: November 2016

El estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar una propuesta didáctica basada en los métodos de casos para el aprendizaje de la entomología forense. Esta es una disciplina que tiene como principal objetivo establecer una data de muerte, de allí surge la importancia del módulo de Tanatología y Antropología Forense del Diplomado en Ciencias Forenses y Criminalística de la Universidad José Antonio Páez, el cual persigue que los participantes puedan determinar la data de muerte mediante el estudio de la entomofauna de interés forense. La metodología se enmarcó en un diseño no experimental transeccional descriptivo. La población estuvo conformada por 24 participantes del Diplomado, Cohorte IX-Diciembre 2015. Se diseñó un caso, donde los estudiantes debían determinar la data de muerte y fundamentar sus conclusiones en pequeños grupos. A través de la técnica de la observación se evidenció que los grupos lograron resultados similares a la data de muerte determinada por el docente durante el desarrollo del caso, estableciendo el Intervalo Postmortem Mínimo en un lapso de seis días, concluyendo que la primera mosca llego al cuerpo el día 06/12/15 entre la una y las dos de la tarde. Se concluye que los estudiantes desarrollaron las habilidades analíticas al identificar el problema, la toma de decisiones al proponer una solución, habilidades para la comunicación oral y escrita, defendiendo y argumentando sus conclusiones, reconociendo sus errores y debilidades; apoyados en el aprendizaje colaborativo.
Physics Essay: Repulsionless Fusion by Neutron Absorption
Authors: Selke David L.
Published: November 2016

It is possible to build Helium-4 from Hydrogen-1 by adding only neutrons. The key step is that Tritium decays to Helium-3; thus, a particle that entered the nucleus as a neutron becomes a proton. The need to overcome the mutual repulsion of positively charged nuclei is thus avoided. Given a cheap enough neutron source, this method promises fusion without Sun-like conditions.
Estimating the Area under the ROC Curve with Modified Profile Likelihoods
Authors: Cortese Giuliana
Published: November 2016

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are a frequent tool to study the discriminating ability of a certain characteristic. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) is a widely used measure of statistical accuracy of continuous markers for diagnostic tests, and has the advantage of providing a single summary  index of overall performance of the test. Recent studies have shown some critical issues related to traditional point and interval estimates for the AUC, especially for small samples, more complex models, unbalanced samples or values near the boundary of the parameter space, i.e., when the AUC approaches the values 0.5 or 1.Parametric models for the AUC have shown to be powerful when the underlying distributional assumptions are not misspecified. However, in the above circumstances parametric inference may be not accurate, sometimes yielding  misleading conclusions. The objective of the paper is to propose an alternative inferential approach based on modified profile likelihoods, which provides more accurate statistical results in any parametric settings, including the above circumstances. The proposed method is illustrated for the binormal model, but can potentially be used in any other complex model and for any other parametric distribution. We report simulation studies to show the improved performance of the proposed approach, when compared to classical first-order likelihood theory. An  application to real-life data in a small sample setting is also discussed, to provide practical guidelines.
Interactive Response Systems (IRS) Socrative Application Sample
Authors: Aslan Bilge , Seker Hasan
Published: November 2016

In globally developing education system, technology has made instructional improved in many ways. One of these improvements is the Interactive Response Systems (IRS) that are applied in classroom activities. Therefore, it is “smart” to focus on interactive response systems in learning environment. This study was conducted aiming to focus on using Socrative application as a feedback agent among IRSs. The study mainly focused on how could Socrative program as a smart feedback agent be effective in fostering students’ learning. Additionally, students’ responses were examined to have an overall sense of a digitally supported learning period. The study was designed on action research. The research was conducted with 53 junior year students who were prospective teachers in different fields at the same time. In order to obtain, 11 item-survey was developed by the researchers to realize how Socrative program could contribute to reinforce learning in detail. Besides, unsystematic interviews on program’s strong and weak aspects were maintained. The results indicated Socrative program as a feedback agent could be benefited in learning process thanks to its accessibility, immediateness, and continuous interaction. The results also revealed that participants of the study perceived the program positively and attended the course more motivated. The study also reflected that students as prospective teachers more eagerly participated in digitally supported than traditionally maintained instructional activities.
Les mémoires de traduction et le rapport au texte : ce qu’en disent les traducteurs professionnels
Authors: LeBlanc Matthieu
Published: November 2016

Cet article présente les résultats partiels d’une étude ethnographique menée auprès de traducteurs professionnels. Dans son ensemble, l’étude porte sur l’utilisation des technologies langagières, notamment les mémoires de traduction, et la satisfaction du traducteur professionnel dans un environnement de travail de plus en plus « technologisé ». Pour les besoins de l’article, nous nous sommes limité à un aspect de l’étude, soit le rapport qu’entretiennent les traducteurs avec leur texte. Par exemple, de quelle manière le recours massif aux mémoires de traduction transforme-t-il le rapport au texte ? Le recours systématique aux mémoires de traduction est-il problématique à certains égards, comme l’avancent certains chercheurs ? Les traducteurs ont-ils l’impression de traduire de façon non linéaire, de se trouver devant un texte discontinu ? Le cas échéant, de quelle manière voient-ils ces changements au processus de traduction ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous examinerons les résultats d’une étude réalisée dans trois entreprises et services de traduction situés au Canada, et qui nous a permis de mener des entretiens semi-dirigés auprès de plus de cinquante langagiers et d’observer les traducteurs à l’oeuvre.
Corporate Pyramids and Stock Price Crash Risk: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Xiaorong , Xu Nianhang , Liu Qiao , Luo Wei
Published: November 2016

This paper examines the impact of corporate pyramids on the stock price crash risk of listed firms in China. Our results show that, first, the pyramidal layer of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) can reduce stock price crash risk through the three channels of improving financial statement transparency, increasing accounting conservatism, and decreasing overinvestment. Second, the greater the related party transactions, the weaker the negative relation between the pyramidal layer and crash risk, while this negative relation is strengthened by Hong Kong cross-listing. Further analysis shows that the corporate pyramidal layer of SOEs can also decrease stock price synchronicity. For non-state-owned enterprises (NSOEs), we find that there is an inverse U-shaped relationship between the corporate pyramidal layer, crash risk, and stock price synchronicity. These findings have important policy implications in promoting the sound and stable development of the capital market in China.
Baseband I/Q regeneration Method for Direct Conversion Receiver to nullify effect of I/Q mismatch
Authors: Shah M. , Gupta S.
Published: November 2016

Direct Conversion Receiver is the choice of the today’s designer for low power compact wireless receiver. DCR is attractive due to low power, small size and highly monolithic integratable structure, but distortions affect its performance.  I/Q mismatch is the one of the major distortion which is responsible for performance degradation.  In this paper, a novel method for Direct Conversion Receiver is suggested, which makes it insensitive to the I/Q mismatch. Here the classical homodyne architecture is modified to nullify effect of I/Q mismatch. The proposed method can be implemented in the Digital Signal Processing (DSP) back-end section also.  This feature makes it acceptable in the already designed/functioning classical homodyne architecture based receiver.
Multiple, independent colonizations of the Hawaiian Archipelago by the family Dolichopodidae (Diptera)
Authors: Goodman Kari Roesch , Evenhuis Neal , Bartošová-Sojková Pavla , O’Grady Patrick Michael
Published: November 2016

The family Dolichopodidae forms two of the four largest evolutionary radiations in the Hawaiian Islands across all flies:Campsicnemus(183 spp) and theEurynogastercomplex (66 spp). They also include a small radiation ofConchopus(6 spp). A handful of other dolichopodid species are native to the islands in singleton lineages or small radiations. This study provides a phylogenetic perspective on the colonization history of the dolichopodid fauna in the islands. We generated a multi-gene data set including representatives from 11 of the 14 endemic Hawaiian dolichopodid genera to examine the history of colonization to the islands, and analyzed it using Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic methods. We used a subset of the data that includedConchopusand the eight genera comprising theEurynogastercomplex to estimate the first phylogenetic hypothesis for these endemic groups, then used Beast to estimate their age of arrival to the archipelago. TheEurynogastercomplex, CampsicnemusandConchopusare clearly the result of independent colonizations.The results strongly support theEurynogastercomplex as a monophyletic group, and also supports the monophyly of 4 of the 8 described genera within the complex (Adachia, Arciellia, UropachysandEurynogaster). Members of the family Dolichopodidae have been dispersing over vast distances to colonize the Hawaiian Archipelago for millions of years, leading to multiple independent evolutionary diversification events. TheEurynogastercomplex arrived in the Hawaiian Archipelago 11.8 Ma, well before the arrival ofCampsicnemus(4.5 Ma), and the even more recentConchopus(1.8 Ma). Data presented here demonstrate that the Hawaiian Dolichopodidae both disperse and diversify easily, a rare combination that lays the groundwork for field studies on the reproductive isolating mechanisms and ecological partitioning of this group.