bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mulheres, liturgia, confusão e paz em 1Coríntios 14.26-40
Authors: De Proença Paulo Sérgio
Published: October 2022

Paz está associada a um contexto litúrgico na parte final de 1Coríntios 14. Gerada em meio a cânticos e orações, ela nasce dentro de nossos templos e de nossas comunidades. Ela fertiliza consciências e as motiva ao compromisso com a não-violência. A partir de breves considerações exegéticas serão observados diversos elementos que emolduram o texto, sobre o qual são projetadas possibilidades motivadoras de atualização, no que concerne à urgência da emersão de uma consciência de paz em nossas celebrações litúrgicas. Essa paz é inclusiva e surge da tensão que diz respeito à fala, ou melhor, do poder falar. Mulheres têm papel importante nesse processo.
Bíblia e Dogmática na pré-história da Teologia Bíblica
Authors: Ribeiro Osvaldo Luiz
Published: October 2022

Artigo de avaliação crítica da leitura que o teólogo do Antigo Testamento, Gehard Fraz Hasel, faz da pré-história da Teologia Bíblica. A partir da descrição das etapas históricas pelas quais a Teologia Bíblica teria passado até seu surgimento formal em 1787, o objetivo do artigo é, de um lado, apresentar observações críticas a respeito da descrição histórica desse processo que Hasel adequadamente faz, e, de outro, apresentar propostas de explicações também históricas para cada uma das etapas descritas pelo citado teólogo. Hasel não explica os acontecimentos, apenas os descreve. O artigo aceita a descrição de Hasel, mas procura dar a elas explicação histórica. Na sua fase pré-histórica, a Teologia Bíblica teria passado por quatro etapas: a) auxiliar da Dogmática, b) assumida como fundamento da Dogmática, c) rival da Dogmática e d) disciplina exclusivamente histórica, totalmente independente da Dogmática. No final do processo, com raras exceções, a proposta de sua abordagem exclusivamente histórica e de sua total independência da Dogmática não foi acatada pelo conjunto das igrejas herdeiras da Reforma. O período da pré-história da Teologia Bíblica ilustra de modo exemplar a situação em que a Teologia Bíblica se encontra no conjunto das aproximações ao Antigo Testamento: de um lado, nos espaços acadêmicos, é tratada cada vez mais radicalmente como uma disciplina histórica, independente da Dogmática cristã, enquanto, de outro, nos ambiente controlados pela política eclesiástica, é mantida vinculada à mesma Dogmática a desta, de sorte que, do conjunto das igrejas herdeiras da Reforma de modo mais ou menos geral, pode-se dizer que nunca saíram da pré-história da Teologia Bíblica.
Não andeis ansiosos
Authors: Silva Jubim Amós Silva Jubim , Lessa do Espírito Santo Magno , Dos Santos Júnior Paulo Jonas
Published: October 2022

O presente trabalho se propõe a uma análise exegética, psicológica e pastoral sobre as possibilidades de tradução do verbo μεριμνάω (merina) na perícope Mt. 6.25-34. Questiona-se, assim, o problema: Quais as possibilidades de tradução do verbo μεριμνάω (merimnaō), do grego para o português, que mais comunicam o sentido original do termo sem prejuízos à saúde integral dos membros da comunidade de fé? Através de pesquisa bibliográfica, pode-se verificar que verter o verbo grego μεριμνάω (merimnaō) para o português como “ansiedade” pode ocasionar interpretações imprecisas do sermão de Jesus. O artigo evidencia que o conceito contemporâneo de ansiedade possui uma raiz etimológica e histórica que não coincide com o termo utilizado na perícope mateana, sendo preferíveis traduções que adotem “preocupação”, “inquietação” e “cuidado”. Além disso, a presente pesquisa, salienta que a práxis pastoral de Jesus estava atenta à saúde integral do seu público e, tendo-o como paradigma para o fazer poimênico, há que se promover uma prática pastoral urbana que extrapole os limites do cuidado espiritual e contemple a comunidade de fé de modo integral.
expressão chōrís hamartías na Carta aos Hebreus
Authors: Gomes Rita Maria , Malzoni Cláudio Vianney
Published: October 2022

O texto de Hebreus traz uma reflexão a respeito do Cristo sacerdote “aperfeiçoado” ou “tornado perfeito”. Esse texto, como os demais textos da Escritura, trazem desafios aos tradutores. Neste artigo, considera-se de modo especial a questão da tradução da expressão chōrís hamartías e seu impacto na compreensão da cristologia de Hebreus. A reflexão segue os seguintes passos: primeiro, uma análise da expressão em importantes dicionários; segundo, uma explanação sobre a cristologia de Hebreus focando na afirmação de Hb 4,15; terceiro, considera-se as principais traduções dessa expressão e quais os critérios que os tradutores precisam seguir na hora de traduzir chōrís hamartías. Com esse percurso, conclui-se que a tradução mais significativa do que pretende o autor de Hebreus é “sem contudo pecar”.
Modular Implementation of Autonomous Decision Making Algorithms in Enterprise Resource Planning Systems
Authors: Pekša Jānis
Published: October 2022

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are large modular enterprise applications designed for most enterprise business processes. They are mainly intended for transaction processing. ERP systems are used to implement the company's business processes; to implement, modify and maintain ERP systems successfully, one needs to know the company's business processes (BPs). BPs is a set of activities, the execution of which results in the desired result. Events trigger the execution of the BP. Business activities are performed by employees who represent various functional areas of the company. Enterprise applications provide BP implementation. ERP systems are typically used to implement internal company processes. The basic processes of the ERP are finance, logistics, human resources, and others. The modules of the ERP system are production planning, materials management, sales and distribution, financial accounting, management accounting, and human resource management. In the Thesis a framework that allows reducing the integration of forecasting methods in ERP systems has been developed. A standard integration method has been designed and developed, ensuring a simplified integration process in ERP systems.
Virzība uz rezultātiem balstītu lauksaimniecības sektoru un klimata mērķiem
Authors: Gancone Agita
Published: October 2022

Lauksaimniecības sektorā siltumnīcefekta gāzu (SEG) emisiju samazinājums ir liels izaicinājums, un šo samazinājumu ir iespējams panākt, ja tiek veikti pārdomāti SEG samazinoši pasākumi. Promocijas darba mērķis ir izstrādāt integratīvu lēmumu pieņemšanas metodiku SEG emisiju samazināšanas pasākumu novērtēšanai lauksaimniecības sektorā, tādējādi virzoties uz rezultātos balstītu lauksaimniecības sektoru un klimata neitralitāti no klimata pārmaiņu mazināšanas izvērtēšanas viedokļa. Promocijas darbs veidots kā publikāciju kopa, ietverot galvenās siltumnīcefekta gāzu emisiju problēmas lauksaimniecības sektorā.
Designing Regulatory Framework for Demand Response Service Integration in Baltic Electricity Markets
Authors: Kurevska Līga
Published: October 2022

Mitigating climate change is one our generation’s greatest challenges; however, similarly to many public goods where benefits are enjoyed by many while the costs are born by few, finding a balance between the pace of the change and cost borne by society can be complicated. To raise to this challenge, policy makers must reconcile naturally conflicting objectives – technical system reliability, uptake of new, climate-neutral technology, and low energy costs. The tools developed during the research as well as the findings can support policy makers in developing market regulation and decide on the necessity for additional stimulus to accelerate the pace of demand response service participation in electricity markets.
Regulējuma izveide pieprasījumreakcijas pakalpojumu integrācijai Baltijas elektroenerģijas tirgos
Authors: Kurevska Līga
Published: October 2022

Klimata pārmaiņu mazināšana ir viens no mūsu paaudzes lielākajiem izaicinājumiem, un tā pārvarēšanā būtiski atrast līdzsvaru starp globālu pārmaiņu ieviešanas tempu un izmaksām, kas jāsedz sabiedrībai. Šo pārmaiņu priekšā politikas veidotājiem arī jārod veids, kā sabalansēt sistēmas tehnisko drošību, jaunu, klimatneitrālu tehnoloģiju ieviešanas veicināšanu un zemas enerģijas izmaksas. Pētījuma gaitā izstrādātie rīki, kā arī gūtie secinājumi var palīdzēt politikas veidotājam izstrādāt tirgus regulējumu, kā arī izvērtēt nepieciešamību ieviest papildu stimulus pieprasījuma reakcijas pakalpojumu attīstības tempa veicināšanai.
Rūpnieciski veidojušos termiski modificētas koksnes atlikumu izmantošana koksnes polimēra kompozītu iegūšanai
Authors: Kuka Edgars
Published: October 2022

Promocijas darbs veltīts koksnes polimēra kompozītu (KPK) izpētei, kas iegūti, izmantojot termiski modificētas koksnes atlikumus. Analizēta to piemērotība KPK izgatavošanai, kā arī noskaidroti galvenie ietekmējošie faktori, kas būtu jāņem vērā šādas izejvielas izmantošanā. Izpētītas iegūto KPK fizikālās, mehāniskās un ekspluatācijas īpašības, noskaidrojot priekšrocības, trūkumus, kā arī īpašību izmaiņu tendences atkarībā no dažādiem faktoriem. Darbā īpaša uzmanība pievērsta KPK mitrumizturības izpētei, zinot, ka tā ir viena no galvenajām šo materiālu nepilnībām. Izskaidroti arī dažādi īpašību izmaiņu mehānismi, kas saistīti ar šiem materiāliem.
Use of Industrially Produced Thermally Modified Wood Residues for Production of Wood Plastic Composites
Authors: Kuka Edgars
Published: October 2022

The Doctoral Thesis is devoted to the research of wood plastic composites (WPCs) made with thermally modified wood residues. Their suitability for the production of WPC has been analysed, as well as the main influencing factors. Physical, mechanical, and service properties of the obtained WPC have been studied, identifying the advantages, disadvantages, as well as the tendencies of the changes in the properties depending on various factors. Knowing that moisture resistance is one of the main shortcomings of WPC, special focus was attributed to investigation of these aspects. Different mechanisms responsible for the characteristics of these materials are also explained.
High reclaimed asphalt content mixtures: Design parameters and Performance evaluation
Authors: Rathore Mukul
Published: October 2022

The Doctoral Thesis focusses on developing new procedures for the design and evaluation of high content reclaimed asphalt mixtures containing rejuvenators and on investigating their long-term mechanical performance and environmental impact. A systematic research was conducted to develop a new procedure for preparation of high reclaimed asphalt content mixtures in laboratory. A stage extraction method was developed as part of this work to extract multiple layers of binder from reclaimed asphalt mixtures. Further, the aspects of pavement design have been integrated into life cycle assessment technique to compute the environmental impacts for high rate of asphalt recycling.
Starpslāņu sagrūšanas divu aktuālo problēmu analīze slāņveida kompozītmateriāliem
Authors: Pavlovskis Pēteris
Published: October 2022

Promocijas darbā pētīti divu veidu paraugi, pamatojoties uz elastīgu plākšņu nelineāro teoriju, lai aprēķinātus slāņveida kompozītmateriālu starpslāņa lūzumu izturību. Plāna apakšslāņa tipa paraugam iegūts teorētisks risinājums attiecībā uz starpslāņu lūzuma izturības noteikšanu jauktai I/II Modai. Apstiprināta fundamentāla iespēja izmantot šo risinājumu testēšanas praksē. Sīkāk pētīta elastīgo plākšņu nelineārās teorijas izmantošana labi zināmajam dubultkonsoles sijas (DCB) standarta paraugam. Iegūts teorētisks risinājums, izstrādāts iteratīvs algoritms testa rezultātu apstrādei, pamatojoties uz MATLAB kodu, pārbaudīti ļoti elastīgi stiklašķiedras pastiprināta polimēra (GFRP) paraugi un dots to salīdzinājums ar apstrādes rezultātiem pēc ASTM D 5528-01 standarta ar lineārā risinājuma korekciju.
Ekspluatācijā esošu ēku drošuma vērtēšanas metodoloģija
Authors: Druķis Pēteris
Published: October 2022

Promocijas darba gaitā radīta metodoloģija ekspluatācijā esošu ēku drošuma līmeņa vērtēšanai. Ēkas kopējais drošums tiek raksturots ar globālo drošuma indeksu, kas ļauj kvantificēt un salīdzināt dažādu ēku drošuma līmeņus un atkarībā no ēkas lietošanas veida noteikt zemāko pieļaujamo. Izstrādātas arī vairākas jaunas metodes – ēku kvantitatīvā risku klasificēšanas metode, kā arī metode atsevišķu ekspluatācijā esošu konstrukciju elementu drošuma līmeņa noteikšanai. Promocijas darbā ietverts arī apjomīgs pētījums par esošo publisko ēku stāvokli Latvijā, kā arī analizēta ekspluatācijā esošu būvju vērtēšanas prakse Eiropā.
Methods and Algorithms for Increasing Energy Efficiency of Manufacturing Enterprises
Authors: Boreiko Dmitrijs
Published: October 2022

In the Thesis, the author analyses the globally amassed experience regarding the issues of energy efficiency and demand response. Using this experience along with modern technologies, the author has developed a methodology that makes it possible to use the increasing of energy efficiency as well as demand response for large producers with the aim to diminish electricity costs and the amount of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. The complex approach includes such issues as optimisation of equipment use at the plant; optimisation of production cycles based on electricity prices; use of electricity storage in order to shift consumption in time, in conjunction with the above optimisation measures; integration of the plant’s own “green” generation in conjunction with the above optimisation measures. All of these suggestions and measures have been virtually approbated at an enterprise in Riga, which took an interest in this study and furnished the information necessary for the research.
Methodology for Evaluation of Energy Efficiency of Unclassified Buildings
Authors: Geikins Aleksandrs
Published: October 2022

According to the Latvian Law on State Secrets, unclassified buildings include such non-residential buildings as penal institutions, prisons and detention centres, buildings of the armed forces, police and fire services and barracks of these institutions, as well as auxiliary buildings and rooms in auxiliary premises. The buildings of the armed forces as well as police and fire services have been investigated in the Thesis. The aim of the Thesis is to develop a methodology for determining the energy efficiency of unclassified buildings, guidelines for the technical survey of unclassified buildings, the main emphasis of which is on the development of unified renovation and energy supply solutions which will ensure high quality of work and minimize the number of people involved in the renovation process of buildings in order to achieve and propose possible improvements for reducing energy consumption.
Lecturers’ Perspectives on Mobile Learning in Higher Education: Experiences and Implementation Barriers
Authors: Kaliisa Rogers , Palmer Edward , Miller Julia
Published: October 2022

This paper reports the experiences of university lecturers towards mobile learning from two points of view: (i) lecturers’ needs and experiences in relation to mobile learning design and implementation, and (ii) possible barriers to their adoption in higher education classrooms.
The findings from a qualitative case study that conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 lecturers from a developed and developing country contexts revealed; the need for strong commitment from institutional leadership, presence of an institutional and national mobile learning policy,
a culture of innovation and willingness to revise the traditional curriculum to incorporate the new mobile pedagogies.
The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Mathematics Teachers: An Exploration
Authors: Njiku Joseph , Mutarutinya Védaste , Maniraho Jean Francois
Published: October 2022

The current study reports an exploration study of 124 secondary mathematics teachers TPACK. It employs a survey design where a self-reported questionnaire and interviews were used for data collection. Apart from descriptive and inferential statistics including the t-test, effect size,
and ANOVA, qualitative findings were presented. Although finding indicate moderate levels of TPACK overall, the actual use of technology for instructional purposes was low. The study recommends the provision of professional development in technology integration for mathematics teachers while
addressing gender issues.
Açúcar amargo: arquitetura e arqueologia industrial do século XVI ao XIX
Authors: Azevedo Esterzilda Berenstein de
Published: October 2022

O livro reúne uma enorme documentação histórica, cadastral e fotográfica sobre a agroindústria açucareira do século XVI ao XIX. Resultado da dissertação de mestrado e a tese de doutorado da autora, a primeira parte da obra sobre o período do século XVI ao XVIII dos grandes engenhos do Recôncavo, movidos por rodas-d’água; enquanto a segunda, tem como foco o século XIX e as transformações por que passou a agroindústria com o advento do vapor, novas técnicas de purga e a crise que enfrentou com a competição de açúcar do Caribe. Um livro indispensável para a compreensão da história do maior ciclo econômico brasileiro, suas relações sociais, processos de extração da sacarose de cana e o cenário da sua produção. Historicamente rigoroso, mas, ainda assim, agradável e pronto para ser desfrutado.
Postsynaptic burst reactivation of hippocampal neurons enables associative plasticity of temporally discontiguous inputs
Authors: Fuchsberger Tanja , Clopath Claudia , Jarzebowski Przemyslaw , Brzosko Zuzanna , Wang Hongbing , Paulsen Ole
Published: October 2022

A fundamental unresolved problem in neuroscience is how the brain associates in memory events that are separated in time. Here, we propose that reactivation-induced synaptic plasticity can solve this problem. Previously, we reported that the reinforcement signal dopamine converts hippocampal spike timing-dependent depression into potentiation during continued synaptic activity (Brzosko et al., 2015). Here, we report that postsynaptic bursts in the presence of dopamine produce input-specific LTP in mouse hippocampal synapses 10 min after they were primed with coincident pre- and post-synaptic activity (post-before-pre pairing; Δt = –20 ms). This priming activity induces synaptic depression and sets an NMDA receptor-dependent silent eligibility trace which, through the cAMP-PKA cascade, is rapidly converted into protein synthesis-dependent synaptic potentiation, mediated by a signaling pathway distinct from that of conventional LTP. This synaptic learning rule was incorporated into a computational model, and we found that it adds specificity to reinforcement learning by controlling memory allocation and enabling both ‘instructive’ and ‘supervised’ reinforcement learning. We predicted that this mechanism would make reactivated neurons activate more strongly and carry more spatial information than non-reactivated cells, which was confirmed in freely moving mice performing a reward-based navigation task.
Urinary Bladder Calculus as a Rare Cause of Obstructed Labour: A Series of Three Rare Cases
Authors: Singh Punya Pratap , Nagar Jagrati Kiran , Gahlot Kavita , Thakur Omkar , Patel Bheekam
Published: October 2022

Obstructed labour by large urinary bladder stones is one of the rare complications. Very small number of cases have been described in available literature. The diagnosis is generally based on the history of patient, their clinical evaluation and ultrasonography scans during pregnancy. Majority of antenatal cases in rural areas come first time in Primary Healthcare Centre (PHC) with labour pain and usually without any previous ultrasound scans. These cases are referred to higher centres due to prolonged obstructed labour. Although rare, but one should consider a large urinary bladder calculus as a cause of obstructed labour as early diagnosis and timely management of urinary bladder stones can prevent various complications like mechanical dystocia and Vesico-vaginal Fistula (VVF). Here authors report three cases of a large urinary bladder calculus causing obstructed labour. Caesarean section was done for obstructed labour and cystolithotomy was performed simultaneously in all three cases.
Review on Artocarpus nobilis Thw. (Moraceae): An Endemic Plant of Sri Lanka
Authors: Senadeera S. P. N. N. , Ranaweera C. B. , Silva A. R. N.
Published: October 2022

The genus Artocarpus consists of about 50 species of large evergreen trees with various medicinal and economical uses. Artocarpus nobilis (Family: Moraceae) is commonly referred to as Ceylon breadfruit and it is endemic to Sri Lanka. Synonyms of A. nobilis are Artocarpus imperialis André, Artocarpus pubescens Moon and Saccus nobilis (Thwaites) Kuntze. Extracts from leaves, bark, fruits and latex are rich in phytochemical compounds such as flavanones, flavonoids, triterpenoids, xanthones, stilbenes and chalcones. These bioactive compounds contribute to various pharmacological properties of Ceylon breadfruit (Artocarpus nobilis). It is used in Ayurvedic and folk medicine to treat asthma, diarrhea, worm infestations and wound healing. It also used in traditional ayurvedic formulations like Chandana guli wattoruwa. Several research that has been carried out on this plant include the evaluation of antibacterial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant, antifungal, biosorption and Glutathione-S transferase inhibitory activities. Apart from these it is a productive source of edible fruit and yield good timber. A combination of traditional and new technologies will be important in the future to develop therapeutic products from Artocarpus nobilis. In this present review, attempts on providing comprehensive information on research conducted on A. nobilis.
Prevalence of Dengue Virus Serotypes of 2021 Dengue Outbreak in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahmat Raad , Shahera Umme , Naser Iftekhar Bin , Munshi Saif Ullah
Published: October 2022

The “Type of Article” of this paper is “Letter to the Editor”. This paper discuses about: “Prevalence of Dengue Virus Serotypes of 2021 Dengue Outbreak in Dhaka, Bangladesh”. No formal abstract is available. Readers are requested to read the full article.
Same Day Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation, Prevalence and Co-factors of Advanced HIV Disease in an African Population- A 1 Year Report
Authors: Sarah Abere , Alali Dan-Jumbo , Boma Oyan , Gomba Eno , Michael Bawo , Samuel Asonye , Ajibola Alabi
Published: October 2022

Background: Advanced HIV disease (AHD) represents a stage of HIV infection characterized by severe immunosuppression and a high risk of mortality. An understanding of the burden and associated risk factors for AHD is important in order to design programs targeted at prevention and treatment with the aim of reducing HIV associated morbidity and mortality. This study set out to determine the prevalence and risk factors for AHD in a tertiary health facility in Southern Nigeria as well as to ascertain the frequency of Same day initiation of Highly Active Antiviral Therapy in AHD patients.

Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional review of data from 419 adults and children diagnosed with AHD seen at the antiretroviral therapy clinic and Emergency department of the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) over a 1year period. Details including personal bio-data and clinical information were obtained from the HIV registry of the hospital.

Results: Four hundred and nineteen (419) patients were diagnosed with Advanced HIV disease between January 2021- January 2022 with a mean age of 35.8 years. Regarding the co-factors, Sixty- four (29.4%) of the 218 persons tested were positive for tuberculosis while 18(9.2%) of the 196 patients tested for cryptococcus infection were positive.  One hundred and forty-eight (148) of the AHD population had CD4 cell count of <200cells comprising 144 (97%) adults and 4(3%) children. AHD, defined by a CD4 count of <200 cells was more prevalent within the age bracket of 40-49years (n=51, 34%) and among females [F:M 81 (55%) vs 67 (45%)]. Majority of the patients presented with WHO stage 3 disease (n=64, 43.2%) closely followed by stage 2 disease (n=47, 31.79%). Stage 4 disease was found in only 2.02%. The overall same day initiation (SDI) of AHD patients was 97% (n=144).

Conclusion: Advanced HIV disease is highly prevalent despite the test and treat approach to care. Interventions aimed at prevention, adherence to therapy as well as early recognition and treatment is paramount in reducing the burden of AHD.
Identification of bovine stefin A, a novel protein inhibitor of cysteine proteinases
Authors: Turk Boris , Ritonja Anka , Björk Ingemar , Stoka Veronika , Dolenc Iztok , Turk Vito
Published: July 2002

For the first time, three different stefins, A, B and C, have been isolated from a single species. The complete amino acid sequence of bovine stefin A was determined. The inhibitor, with a calculated M
r of 11,123, consists of 98 amino acid residues. Although it exhibits considerable similarity to human and rat stefin A, some significant differences in inhibition kinetics were found. Bovine stefin A bound tightly and rapidly to cathepsin L (k
ass = 9.6·106 M
−1·s
−1, K
i = 29 pM). The binding to cathepsin H was also rapid (k
ass = 2.1·106 M
−1·s
−1), but weaker (K
i = 0.4 nM) due to a higher dissociation rate constant. In contrast, the binding to cathepsin B was much slower (k
ass = 1.4·105 M
−1·s
−1), but still tight (K
i = 1.9 nM).
Characterization of native interaction of hsp110 with hsp25 and hsc70
Authors: Wang Xiang-Yang , Chen Xing , Oh Hyun-Ju , Repasky Elizabeth , Kazim Latif , Subjeck John
Published: July 2002

The 110 kDa heat shock protein (HSP) (hsp110) has been shown to be a diverged subgroup of the hsp70 family and is one of the major HSPs in mammalian cells [1,2]. In examining the native interactions of hsp110, we observed that it is found to reside in a large molecular complex. Immunoblot analysis and co‐immunoprecipitation studies identified two other HSPs as components of this complex, hsc70 and hsp25. When examined in vitro, purified hsp25, hsp70 and hsp110 were observed to spontaneously form a large complex and to directly interact with one another. When luciferase was added to this in vitro system, it was observed to migrate into this chaperone complex following heat shock. Examination of two deletion mutants of hsp110 demonstrated that its peptide‐binding domain is required for interaction with hsp25, but not with hsc70. The potential function of the hsp110‐hsc70‐hsp25 complex is discussed.
Predicting safe employee behavior in the steel industry: Development and test of a sociotechnical model
Authors: Brown Karen A , Willis P.Geoffrey , Prussia Gregory E
Published: July 2002

Industrial safety is an important issue for operations managers — it has implications for cost, delivery, quality, and social responsibility. Minor accidents can interfere with production in a variety of ways, and a serious accident can shut down an entire operation. In this context, questions about the causes of workplace accidents are highly relevant. There is a popular notion that employees' unsafe acts are the primary causes of workplace accidents, but a number of authors suggest a perspective that highlights influences from operating and social systems. The study described herein addresses this subject by assessing steelworkers' responses to a survey about social, technical, and personal factors related to safe work behaviors. Results provide evidence that a chain reaction of technical and social constructs operate through employees to influence safe behaviors. These results demonstrate that safety hazards, safety culture, and production pressures can influence safety efficacy and cavalier attitudes, on a path leading to safe or unsafe work behaviors. Based on these results, we conclude with prescriptions for operations managers and others who play roles in the causal sequence.
A Reusable and Specific Protein A‐Coated Piezoelectric Biosensor for Flow Injection Immunoassay
Authors: Lu Hsin‐Chun , Chen Hsiu‐Mei , Lin Yu‐Sheng , Lin Jeng‐Wei
Published: July 2002

A hydrophilic matrix of periodate‐oxidized dextran was used as a double‐sided linker to covalently immobilizeStaphylococcus aureusprotein A (SpA) molecules onto a poly‐L‐lysine‐modified piezoelectric crystal surface to improve their stability, activity, and binding specificity with human immunoglobulin G (IgG) in flow injection assays. The prepared sensing crystals displayed best sensitivity and reusability at a flow rate of 140 μL/min. A human IgG concentration as low as 0.3 nM can be detected by this system. Up to 19 successive assay repetitions were achieved without significant loss of sensitivity using the same crystal. The analysis of adsorption kinetics indicates that such a preparation can greatly increase the amount of available active human IgG binding sites on immobilized SpA. Hardly any response arising from unspecific binding was detected. In addition, the sensing crystal prepared by this method was found to retain activity better than one prepared via direct deposition when stored in either wet or dry states. Finally, the prepared SpA‐coated crystals were applied to the affinity immobilization of polyclonal goat anti‐Schistosomajaponicumglutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) and were able to subsequently detect GST and its genetically engineered mutant either in a purified form or in the crude cell lysate.
Calcium-binding parameter of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase determined by inactivation kinetics
Authors: TANAKA Atsushi , HOSHINO Eiichi
Published: July 2002

The irreversible thermal inactivation and the thermodynamics of calcium ion binding of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase in the absence of substrates were studied. The enzyme inactivation on heating was apparently followed by first-order kinetics. The enzyme was stabilized with an increased concentration of calcium ion and thus the inactivation was highly dependent on the state of calcium binding. The activation parameter for the inactivation suggests an unfolding of the enzyme protein upon heating. Values of both the activation enthalpy and entropy were increased with a higher calcium ion concentration. An inactivation kinetic model is based on the assumption of a two-stage unfolding transition in which the bivalent ion dissociation occurs in the first step followed by the secondary structural unfolding. This simple kinetic model provides both a qualitative and quantitative interpretation of calcium ion binding to the enzyme and its effect on the inactivation properties. The specific approximations of the kinetic model were strictly followed in the analysis to calculate the apparent inactivation rate at each calcium ion concentration in terms of the calcium-binding parameters. The enthalpy and entropy changes for the calcium ion binding were calculated to be −149kJ/mol and −360J·mol−1·K−1 respectively and these values suggest a strong enthalpic affinity for the bivalent ion binding to the enzyme protein. The thermodynamical interpretation attempts to provide clear relations between the terms of an apparent inactivation rate and the calcium binding.
Simulation of lethal control and fertility control in a demographic model for Brandt’s vole Microtus brandti
Authors: Shi Dazhao , Wan Xinrong , Davis Stephen A. , Pech Roger P. , Zhang Zhibin
Published: July 2002

Brandt’s vole Microtus brandti is considered a pest in China and is actively managed through the use of toxic baits. A time‐dependent density‐dependent Leslie matrix model was developed to investigate the effectiveness of fertility control as an alternative.

Three annual cycles of Brandt’s vole were observed between 1995 and 1998 at a site in the grasslands of Inner Mongolia, China. For each of these cycles, cohort‐specific monthly survival rates were derived for the spring, summer and autumn months. Over the breeding season, monthly reproductive rates were obtained as numbers of young females per adult female.

Survival of voles over winter, a 5–6‐month period, depended on age at the onset of winter and the density in autumn.

The model was parameterized with measured and continuously varying monthly data for vital rates. It was then used to predict the impact that fertility control, delivered with non‐toxic baits, and lethal control would have had on the vole population if control had been imposed in the autumn of 1994 or spring of 1995. The timing and frequency of bait delivery were varied, and we considered the population response to bait that renders females sterile and bait that renders females only temporarily infertile.

The model suggested that the effectiveness of lethal control in spring could be matched by fertility control if it was applied twice in the spring of a year in which high densities were reached, or in the previous autumn. The latter requires that (i) infertility is long‐lasting in treated animals and (ii) either high‐density years be reliably forecast a year ahead or fertility control be applied every autumn.

Brandt’s voles provide an exception to the general rule that fertility control is never more effective than lethal control applied at the same time with the same bait uptake. We found that when control was applied in autumn, fertility control was better than lethal control in reducing the numbers of voles over the following spring, summer and autumn. This is because normal density‐dependent mortality over winter has a greater impact following fertility control than lethal control.
Peripheral Blood Neutrophils of Germ‐Free Rats Modified by In Vivo Granulocyte–Colony‐Stimulating Factor and Exposure to Natural Environment
Authors: OHKUBO T. , TSUDA M. , SUZUKI S. , EL BORAI N. , YAMAMURA M.
Published: July 2002

Peripheral blood neutrophils from germ‐free (GF), specific‐pathogen‐free (SPF) and conventional (CV) rats were compared. Besides neutropenia and impaired superoxide anion generation as previously reported, it was found that GF rats had lower phagocytic function (70%) and generated less nitric oxide than the other rats. GF and SPF rats were injected with recombinant human granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (rhG‐CSF), or were transferred to natural environment. It was found that total number, phagocytosis, intracellular killing, ratio of phagocytosis versus killing (killing efficiency) and nitric oxide production induced by recombinant rat interferon‐γ (rrIFN‐γ) were normalized upon injection of rhG‐CSF. These results indicate that rhG‐CSF may stimulate neutrophil production and induce the expression of neutrophil receptors for phagocytosis and nitric oxide production in GF rats. Although lower than in CV rats, the level of superoxide produced was sufficient for normal neutrophil‐killing efficiency in SPF and GF rats. In SPF rats, this could be amended by exposure to natural environment. However, neither rhG‐CSF injection nor transfer to natural environment could increase the generation of superoxide anion in GF rats.
Gestational diabetes mellitus and its complications
Authors: Bridget H‐H Hsu‐Hage  , Xilin Yang
Published: July 2002

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a new epidemic among Australian women, especially those with Asian backgrounds. The 1998 Australia National Diabetes Strategy and Implementation Plan recognises GDM as an independent glucose metabolic disorder affecting sub‐groups of Australians. Gestational diabetes mellitus is an Australian national diabetes priority area, along with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non‐insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This paper reviews the many issues relating to GDM that continue to be debated by researchers and clinical service providers. These issues include the diagnosis of GDM, the effect of GDM on fetal outcomes, the long‐term health effects on the offspring of GDM mothers, the effect of GDM on maternal outcomes and the long‐term health effects on women with a history of GDM.
Population and community level approaches for analysing microbial diversity in natural environments
Authors: Øvreås L.
Published: July 2002

The enormous diversity available at the microbial level is just beginning to be realized. The richness of diversity amongst the bacteria that have been described so far is between 2 and 3000, whereas estimates indicates that millions of microorganisms still remains to be discovered. Microbiologists have realized that there are at least a dozen major evolutionary groups of the microbial life forms on earth (bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa) that are even more diverse than the better known animal and plant kingdom. Indeed, we can state that microorganisms dominate the tree of life. Microorganisms have inhabited Earth for more than 3.7 billion years, whereas plants and animals have evolved rather recently in Earth’s history. Possible reports of evidence for microbial life on Mars is also consistent with the concept that microorganisms precede plants and animals on Earth. The applications of molecular‐phylogenetic techniques have provided the tools for studying natural microbial communities, including those that we are not able to grow in the laboratory. The utilization of these techniques has resulted in the discovery of many new evolutionary lineages, some of them only distantly related to known organisms. Here I discuss some environmental factors controlling bacterial diversity in different environments and the utility of modern methods developed for describing this diversity.
Self‐Destructive Behaviors in Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Draper Brian , Brodaty Henry , Low Lee‐Fay , Richards Vicki , Paton Helen , Lie David
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVES: To validate the Harmful Behaviors Scale (HBS) as a measure of direct and indirect self‐destructive behaviors in nursing home residents and to determine the prevalence of self‐destructive behaviors and their relationship to other variables.

DESIGN: A cross‐sectional study.

SETTING: Eleven nursing homes in the eastern suburbs of Sydney, Australia.

PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred ten nursing home residents aged 65 and older.

MEASUREMENTS: Instruments used were the HBS, Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (BEHAVE‐AD), Functional Assessment Staging Scale (FAST), Even Briefer Assessment Scale for Depression (EBAS‐Dep), and the suicide item from the structured Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Data on diagnoses of dementia, depression, or psychotic disorder; prescription of psychotropic medication; and demographics were obtained from nursing home records.

RESULTS: On the HBS, indirect harmful behaviors occurred at least weekly in 61% of subjects, and direct harmful behaviors occurred in 14% of subjects. The HBS total score was significantly positively correlated with the BEHAVE‐AD score (Pearson's r = 0.679, P < .001) but not with the EBAS‐Dep “wish for death” item and total score. HBS scores were significantly higher in residents scoring greater than zero on the Hamilton suicide item (F = 1.380, df = 3,325, P = .249). Stepwise multiple linear regression indicated that younger age, chart diagnosis of dementia, greater incapacity as measured by FAST, and a higher Hamilton suicide item score predicted a higher HBS total score.

CONCLUSIONS: Self‐destructive behaviors are common in nursing home residents and are mostly related to dementia. There was little evidence of a relationship between depression and self‐destructive behaviors.
Organization of the Stigma and Transmitting Tissue of Rice, Oryza sativa (L.)1
Authors: Ciampolini F. , Shivanna K. R. , Cresti M.
Published: July 2002

Abstract: The stigma of Oryza sativa (L.) is typically dry and plumose. The pistil is bifurcated just above the ovary. The distal parts of the two main branches are densely covered by multicellular, multiseriate papillae. The papillae are covered by a cuticle‐pellicle layer. The pecto‐cellulosic wall of the papillae is distinctly three‐layered. The transmitting tracts of the two main axes are not clearly demarcated, and are made up of several compactly arranged cell layers around the vascular bundle. The cells of the transmitting tissue are polygonal, narrow and elongated. They show plasmodesmata on the transverse, as well as longitudinal walls. The extracellular matrix in the transmitting tissue, containing polysaccharides and pectic substances, is restricted to the corners of the cells, forming long, narrow, linear canals along the axes.
Observation of compressive and tensile strains in InGaAs/GaAs by photoluminescence spectroscopy
Authors: Gal M. , Orders P. J. , Usher B. F. , Joyce M. J. , Tann J.
Published: July 2002

Variation in the magnitude and sign of the strain in GaAs/InGaAs/GaAs single quantum wells are studied as a function of layer thickness using photoluminescence spectroscopy. It is found that as the compressively strained ternary layer relaxes with increasing thickness, a tensile strain is introduced in the GaAs capping layer. This reduces the GaAs band gap and lifts the degeneracy of the valence band, which becomes light hole in character.
Deposition of iron oxide thin films by pulsed laser evaporation
Authors: Ogale S. B. , Koinkar V. N. , Joshi Sushama , Godbole V. P. , Date S. K. , Mitra A. , Venkatesan T. , Wu X. D.
Published: July 2002

Iron oxide films have been deposited on alumina substrates by pulsed ruby laser evaporation from a bulk α-Fe2O3 pellet. The films have been characterized by using the techniques of conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering, and scanning electron microscopy. It is demonstrated that the stoichiometry of the deposited film can be varied between FeO and Fe3O4 by controlling the oxygen partial pressure during deposition over a range from 5×10−7 to 10−4 Torr. It is further shown that the Fe3O4 film can be converted into γ-Fe2O3 by suitable thermal annealing treatment.
Surface laser damage thresholds determined by photoacoustic deflection
Authors: Petzoldt S. , Elg A. P. , Reichling M. , Reif J. , Matthias E.
Published: July 2002

The technique of intensity dependent photoacoustic probe beam deflection has been applied to the determination of surface damage thresholds. We take advantage of an unambiguous correlation between the degree of laser damage and the energy in the generated acoustic pulse. The high sensitivity of this method, cross checked by measuring scatter losses in reflection, is independent of any surface optical properties. As an example for optical materials, damage thresholds for MgF2 and CaF2 have been determined to be about 1.4 GW/cm2 , and for LiF to be about 0.2 GW/cm2 .
Reverse dopant redistribution during the initial stages of the oxidation of heavily doped silicon in dry oxygen
Authors: Massoud Hisham Z.
Published: July 2002

The oxidation of heavily phosphorus-doped (100) and (111) silicon in the 800–1000 °C range in dry oxygen was studied in the thin-film regime using in situ ellipsometry. The oxide growth kinetics indicate that, in the initial stages of oxidation, phosphorus piles up at the Si-SiO2 interface, resulting in a decrease in the surface concentration of electrically active phosphorus and an oxidation rate similar to that of lightly doped silicon. As the oxide grows, the surface concentration of electrically active phosphorus reaches and exceeds its bulk value, and the SiO2 growth rate gradually becomes similar to that of heavily doped silicon in the thick-film regime. An empirical model is introduced to account for the influence of this reverse dopant redistribution on SiO2 growth kinetics in the thin-film regime.
Time-resolved measurements of tunneling between double quantum wells in In0.53Ga0.47As/InP
Authors: Alexander M. G. W. , Rühle W. W. , Sauer R. , Tsang W. T.
Published: July 2002

Tunneling of electrons between double quantum wells is investigated by time-resolved photoluminescence in the picosecond regime. The samples contain two In0.53Ga0.47As quantum wells with different widths, separated by various InP barriers. At low excitation density, the luminescence decay time of the narrower quantum well depends strongly on the thickness of the barrier, revealing the lifetimes to be tunneling controlled. A semiclassical model explains the observed nonresonant tunneling escape times. With increasing density, the luminescence decay time of the narrower quantum well strongly increases and finally saturates due to effective mass filtering, which leads to a lineup of the electron levels in both wells and resonant tunneling.
Heavily boron-doped Si layers grown below 700 °C by molecular beam epitaxy using a HBO2 source
Authors: Lin T. L. , Fathauer R. W. , Grunthaner P. J.
Published: July 2002

Boron doping in Si layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) at 500–700 °C using a HBO2 source has been studied. The maximum boron concentration without detectable oxygen incorporation for a given substrate temperature and Si growth rate has been determined using secondary-ion mass spectrometry analysis. Boron present in the Si MBE layers grown at 550–700 °C was found to be electrically active, independent of the amount of oxygen incorporation. By reducing the Si growth rate, highly boron-doped layers have been grown at 600 °C without detectable oxygen incorporation.
Carbon reduction in GaAs films grown by laser-assisted metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Iga R. , Sugiura H. , Yamada T. , Wada K.
Published: July 2002

Secondary-ion mass spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence (CL) studies were carried out on GaAs films grown by Ar+ laser-assisted metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy. The Ar+ laser irradiation leads to the formation of a 400-μm-diam spot. In the growth temperature range 425–500 °C, the carbon concentration within the spot is maintained at 1017 cm−3, while that in the area not irradiated by the laser increases from 1017 to 1019 cm−3. The process of decomposition of the triethylgallium molecules and the mechanism by which the carbon concentration is maintained by the laser irradiation are discussed in detail. Low-temperature CL spectra revealed that the CL signal intensity in the selectively grown spot was some ten times greater than that in the area not irradiated by the laser.
New mechanism for Si incorporation in GaAs-on-Si heteroepitaxial layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Nozaki S. , Murray J. J. , Wu A. T. , George T. , Weber E. R. , Umeno M.
Published: July 2002

A new mechanism is proposed for Si incorporation in GaAs-on-Si heteroepitaxial layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. This mechanism involves gas phase transport of the Si to the heteroepitaxial layers during growth. This mode of Si uptake could operate in addition to the previously proposed mechanism of Si incorporation by enhanced diffusion from the heterointerface through defects in the GaAs layer.
Very high tin doping of Ga0.47In0.53As by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Panish M. B. , Hamm R. A. , Hopkins L. C. , Chu S. N. G.
Published: July 2002

The incorporation of Sn into Ga0.47In0.53As grown at 450 °C by hydride source molecular beam epitaxy at concentrations ranging from about 3×1018 to 1×1021 Sn/cm3 has been investigated. Sn is a well behaved donor to about n=1020 cm−3, although increasing compensation is noted with increasing doping. At total concentrations beyond about 1020 cm−3 added Sn is not electrically active although the epitaxial quality remains high without noticeable morphology changes, defects, or precipitates, to at least 1021 Sn/cm3 .
Switching characteristics of hydrogenated amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon heterojunction devices
Authors: Chen Yu-Wen , Fang Yean-Kuen , Lee Hong-Da , Chang Chun-Yen
Published: July 2002

A new structure of a three-terminal hydrogenated amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon (a-Si:H/c-Si) heterojunction switching device is successfully developed. The device can be controlled by a gate bias. The switching voltage, holding voltage, and switching current all increase with an increase of undoped a-Si:H thickness. The electrical characteristics and switching phenomena of this device are discussed.