bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Convergence of the Ishikawa Iterates for Multi-Valued Mappings in Convex Metric Spaces
Authors: Ćirić Ljubomir B. , Nikolić Nebojša T.
Published: February 2021

Let (𝑋, 𝑑) be a convex metric space, 𝐶 be a closed and convex subset of 𝑋 and let 𝐵(𝐶) be the family of all nonempty bounded subsets of 𝐶. In this paper some results are obtained on the convergence of the Ishikawa iterates associated with a pair of multi-valued mappings 𝑆,𝑇 : 𝐶 → 𝐵(𝐶) which satisfy condition (2.1) below.
Large Time Behavior of Solutions to One Nonlinear Integro-Differential Equation
Authors: Jangveladze Temur , Kiguradze Zurab
Published: February 2021

Large time behavior of solutions to the nonlinear integro-differential equation associated with the penetration of a magnetic field into a substance is studied. The rate of convergence is given, too. Dirichlet boundary conditions with homogeneous data are considered.
A Note on the One-Side Exact Boundary Observability for Quasilinear Hyperbolic Systems
Authors: Li Tatsien , Rao Bopeng , Wang Zhiqiang
Published: February 2021

The known theory on the one-side exact boundary observability for first order quasilinear hyperbolic systems requires that the unknown variables are suitably coupled or satisfy the Group Property in boundary conditions on the non-observation side (see [Tatsien, C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. 342: 937–942, 2006]–[Tatsien, ESAIM Control Optim. Calc. Var.], [Russell, SIAM Rev. 20: 639–739, 1978]). In this paper we illustrate, with an inspiring example, that the one-side exact boundary observability can be realized by means of a suitable coupling of the unknown variables in quasilinear hyperbolic system itself instead of in boundary conditions. Moreover, an implicit duality between the one-side exact boundary controllability and one-side exact boundary observability is also revealed in this situation.
Existence of Solutions in Weighted Sobolev Spaces for Some Degenerate Quasilinear Elliptic Equations
Authors: Cavalheiro Albo Carlos
Published: February 2021

We prove an existence result for the Dirichlet problem associated to some degenerate quasilinear elliptic equations in a bounded open set Ω in in the setting of weighted Sobolev spaces .
On Some Combinatorial Problems Concerning Geometrical Realizations of Finite and Infinite Families of Sets
Authors: Kharazishvili Alexander , Tetunashvili Tengiz
Published: February 2021

A version of the precise definition of Euler–Venn diagram for a given family of subsets of a universal set is presented. Certain geometrical properties of such diagrams are discussed and close connections with purely combinatorial problems and with the theory of convex sets are indicated. In particular, some geometrical realizations of uncountable independent families of sets are considered.
Rectifiable and Unrectifiable Oscillations for a Generalization of the Riemann–Weber Version of Euler Differential Equation
Authors: Pašić Mervan
Published: February 2021

The following generalization

(for α = 2 we suppose that β = 2 and λ > 1/4), of the Riemann–Weber version of Euler differential equation is introduced and it is considered together with a suitable boundary layer condition depending on α near 𝑥 = 0. It is shown that this problem is rectifiable (resp., unrectifiable) oscillatory on (0, 𝑏) provided α ∈ [2, 4) (resp., α ≥ 4). It is a kind of geometrical oscillations on (0, 𝑏) for which the finite (resp., infinite) length of the graphs of all its solutions is proposed.
On the Dirichlet Problem for a Second Order Elliptic System with Degeneration on the Whole Boundary of a Multidimensional Domain
Authors: Usanetashvili Mikheil
Published: February 2021

The solvability of the first boundary value problem is studied for a second order elliptic system with degeneration on the entire boundary of a multidimensional domain.
A Note on Conjugacy Classes of Finite Groups
Authors: You Xingzhong
Published: February 2021

We classify the finite groups satisfying the following property: the orders of every three non-conjugated non-central elements are set-wise relatively prime.
On the Derived Category of an Algebra Over an Operad
Authors: Berger Clemens , Moerdijk Ieke
Published: February 2021

We present a general construction of the derived category of an algebra over an operad and establish its invariance properties. A central role is played by the enveloping operad of an algebra over an operad.
On the Center and Baues–Wirsching Cohomology of Small Categories
Authors: Pirashvili Teimuraz
Published: February 2021

We compute the center of various categories, including the category of central extensions of a given group G. Our results make use of the Baues–Wirsching cohomology of small categories.
Boundary Value Problems for Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Agarwal Ravi P. , Benchohra Mouffak , Hamani Samira
Published: February 2021

The sufficient conditions are established for the existence of solutions for a class of boundary value problems for fractional differential equations involving the Caputo fractional derivative.
Another Version of Fuglede–Putnam Theorem
Authors: Bakir Aissa Nasli , Mecheri Salah
Published: February 2021

In [Yoshino, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 95: 571–572, 1985] the author proved that for a 𝑀-hyponormal operator 𝐴* and for a dominant operator 𝐵, 𝐶𝐴 = 𝐵𝐶 implies 𝐶𝐴* = 𝐵*𝐶. In the case where 𝐴* and 𝐵 are normal, this result is known as the Fuglede–Putnam theorem. In this paper, we will extend this result to the case in which 𝐴 is an injective (𝑝, 𝑘)-quasihyponormal operator and 𝐵* is a dominant operator. We also show that the same result remains valid for (𝑝, 𝑘)-quasihyponormal and log-hyponormal operators.
On the (𝐶, α)-Means of Quadratic Partial Sums of Double Walsh–Kaczmarz–Fourier Series
Authors: Gát Gyäorgy , Nagy Károly
Published: February 2021

The main aim of this paper is to prove that the (𝐶, α)-means of quadratic partial sums of double Walsh–Kaczmarz–Fourier series are of weak type (1, 1) and of type (𝑝, 𝑝) for all 1 < 𝑝 ≤ ∞ (0 < α < 1). Moreover, these (𝐶, α)-means converge to 𝑓 almost everywhere for any integrable function 𝑓.
Quadratic Maps Between Groups
Authors: Hartl Manfred
Published: February 2021

The notion of quadratic maps between arbitrary groups appeared at several places in the literature on quadratic algebra. Here a unified extensive treatment of their properties is given; the relation with a relative version of Passi's polynomial maps and groups of degree 2 is established and used to study the structure of the latter.
Nonlinear Three-Point Boundary Value Problems for a Class of Impulsive Functional Differential Equations
Authors: Chen Guoping , Shen Jianhua
Published: February 2021

This paper is concerned with the existence of extreme solutions of nonlinear three-point boundary value problems for a class of first order impulsive functional differential equations. In the presence of a lower solution α and an upper solution β with the classical condition α ≤ β or the reversed ordering condition β ≤ α, some sufficient conditions for the existence of extreme solutions are obtained by using the method of upper and lower solutions coupled with the monotone iterative technique.
Bounded and Vanishing at Infinity Solutions of Nonlinear Differential Systems
Authors: Kiguradze Ivan
Published: February 2021

For systems of nonlinear nonautonomous ordinary differential equations, the conditions, optimal in a certain sense, are established, which guarantee the solvability and well-posedness of the problem on bounded solutions, the vanishing at infinity of all bounded solutions and the global asymptotic stability of a trivial solution.
A Counterexample on Embedding of Spaces
Authors: Liflyand Elijah
Published: February 2021

We give an example of a function which belongs only to the largest space in the chain of embedded spaces, important in various problems of analysis.
Nonbounding 𝑛-C.E. 𝑄-Degrees
Authors: Omanadze Roland
Published: February 2021

We prove that for any noncomputable c.e. set 𝐴 there is a non-computable c.e. set 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴 such that for every noncomputable c.e. set 𝑊 we have 𝑊 ≰⃥ 𝑄𝐴 – 𝐵 < 𝑄𝐴. We show that if c.e. 𝑄-degrees 𝐚 and 𝐛 form a minimal pair in the c.e. 𝑄-degrees, then 𝐚 and 𝐛 form a minimal pair in the 𝑄-degrees.
Props in model categories and homotopy invariance of structures
Authors: Fresse Benoit
Published: February 2021

We prove that any category of props in a symmetric monoidal model category inherits a model structure. We devote an appendix, about half the size of the paper, to the proof of the model category axioms in a general setting. We need the general argument to address the case of props in topological spaces and dg-modules over an arbitrary ring, but we give a less technical proof which applies to the category of props in simplicial sets, simplicial modules, and dg-modules over a ring of characteristic 0.

We apply the model structure of props to the homotopical study of algebras over a prop. Our goal is to prove that an object 𝑋 homotopy equivalent to an algebra 𝐴 over a cofibrant prop P inherits a P-algebra structure so that 𝑋 defines a model of 𝐴 in the homotopy category of P-algebras. In the differential graded context, this result leads to a generalization of Kadeishvili's minimal model of 𝐴∞-algebras.
On fusion frames in Banach spaces
Authors: Kaushik Shiv K. , Kumar Varinder
Published: February 2021

A necessary and sufficient condition for a complete sequence of subspaces to be a fusion Banach frame for E is given. Also, we introduce fusion Banach frame sequences and give a characterization for a complete sequence of subspaces of E to be a fusion Banach frame for E in terms of fusion Banach frame sequences. Finally, along with other results, we characterize fusion Banach frames in terms of Banach frames.
Universal truncation error upper bounds in sampling restoration
Authors: Olenko Andriy Ya. , Pogány Tibor K.
Published: February 2021

Universal (pointwise uniform and time shifted) truncation error upper bounds are presented for the Whittaker–Kotel'nikov–Shannon sampling restoration sum for Bernstein function classes , q > 1, d ∈ ℕ, when the decay rate of the sample functions is unknown. The case of regular sampling is discussed. Extremal properties of the related series of sinc functions are investigated.
On nonclassical problems for first-order evolution equations
Authors: Avalishvili Gia , Avalishvili Mariam
Published: February 2021

The present paper deals with nonclassical initial-boundary value problems for parabolic equations and systems and their generalizations in abstract spaces. Nonclassical problems with nonlocal initial conditions for an abstract first-order evolution equation with time-dependent operator are considered, the existence and uniqueness results are proved and the algorithm of approximation of nonlocal problems by a sequence of classical problems is constructed. Applications of the obtained general results to initial-boundary value problems for parabolic equations and systems are considered.
The refined direct and converse inequalities of trigonometric approximation in weighted variable exponent Lebesgue spaces
Authors: Akgün Ramazan , Kokilashvili Vakhtang
Published: February 2021

Refined direct and converse theorems of trigonometric approximation are proved in the variable exponent Lebesgue spaces with weights satisfying some Muckenhoupt Ap
-condition. As a consequence, the refined versions of Marchaud and its converse inequalities are obtained.
UPDATE ON SUNFLOWER BROOMRAPESITUATION IN SPAIN: RACIAL STATUS AND SUNFLOWER BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE / ACTUALIZACIÓN DE LA SITUACION DEL JOPO DE GIRASOL EN ESPAÑA: STATUS RACIAL Y MEJORA DEL GIRASOL PARA RESISTENCIA / SITUATION DE L’OROBANCHE ET DU TOURNESOL EN ESPAGNE: RACES ET SÉLECTION POUR LA RÉSISTANCE
Authors: Melero-Vara J.M. , Domínguez J. , Fernández-Martínez J.M.
Published: February 2021

A review of the racial situation of Orobanche cumana in Spain and of several studies on sunflower resistance to broomrape is presented. In the nineties, populations of O.cumana attacking sunflower crops in Spain have evolved first towards the increase in frequency of race B simultaneous to the decrease of race A. Later, race E has appeared with increasing frequency. However, the subsequent change to resistant hybrids carrying the Or5 gene has prompted the recent appearance of a new race (race F) that overcomes this resistance gene, and is expanding mainly in southern Spain. Collections of cultivated P.I. accessions tested for resistance to races E or F indicated a low frequency of entries resistant or segregating for resistance. A low frequency of resistance was also observed in accessions of wild annual species. Among 18 species, only H.agrestis and H.anomalus showed full resistance to both races, whereas H.debilis ssp. cucumerifolius and H.exilis segregated. Lines breeding true for resistance, derived from H.anomalus, H.exilis and H.debilis have been produced. In contrast, inoculation of races E and F to wild perennials resulted in complete resistance in 74% of the species, and segregation for resistance to race F in 11%. The transference of resistance from wild perennial species into cultivated sunflower is, however, much more difficult than that of annuals. Embryo rescue and chromosome doubling techniques were often required. Although inheritance studies indicated dominance and one single gene involved in the resistance to races A and E in most crosses, two dominant genes, epistatic interactions and reversal in the dominance were observed in some cases.
GENETICS OF ISOZYMES AND ANALYSIS OF ISOZYMES LINKAGE AND MORPHOLOGICAL LOCI IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) / GENETICA DE ISOFERMENTOS Y EL ACOMPLAMIENTO DE LÓCUSES MORFOLOGICOS E ISOFERMENTICOS EN GIRASOL / GENETIQUE DES ISOFERMENTS ET LIAISON DES LOCUS MORPHOLOGIQUES ET CEUX-CI D’ISOFERMENTS AU TOURNESOL
Authors: Kirichenko V.V. , Popov V.N.
Published: February 2021

The genetics of anodal esterase (Est), cathodal esterase (cEst), cathodal acid phosphatase (cAcp) and malate dehydrogenase (Mdh) has been studied in mature seeds and leaves (genetics of cAcp and Mdh has not been studied in leaves) of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). A total of ten loci (four loci of anodal esterase, two loci of cathodal esterase, three loci of malate dehydrogenase and one locus of cathodal acid phosphatase) have been identified and described. Five esterase loci (Est1, Est2, Est3, Est4, cEst5), three malate dehydrogenase loci and one locus of cathodal acid phosphatase are expressed in seeds. Three esterase loci (Est2, cEst5 and cEst6) are expressed in leaves. The analysis of linkage between these loci has been made. Two linkage groups have been found. The sequence of the loci in the first linkage group was Mdh2-Est1- Est2-Est3-cEst5. In the second linkage group it was Est4-cAcp1. Linkages have been analyzed between three isoenzymatic loci expressed in leaves and between two loci controlling morphological traits (branched stem and male fertility restoration). The linkage between morphological traits and isoenzymatic loci has not been revealed. It has been revealed in Br-Rf pair.
YIELD PERFORMANCE, HERITABILITY AND INTERRELATIONSHIP IN SOME QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN SUNFLOWER / RENDIMIENTO, HEREDABILIDAD Y LAS INTERRELACIONES DE CIERTAS CARACTERISTICAS CUANTITATIVAS DEL GIRASOL / RENDEMENT, HÉRIDITÉ ET INTERRELATIONS DE CERTAINS TRAITS QUANTITATIFS DU TOURNESOL
Authors: Khan Ayub
Published: February 2021

Yield performance, heritability and trait correlation were studied in 20 sunflower genotypes. Hybrid SF-100 produced the highest seed yield of 3669 kg ha-1 followed by NK-265 and Gloriasol with 3289 and 3264 kg ha-1, respectively. Heritability (broad sense) values ranged from -5.58% in seed per capitulum to 98.72 for 50% flower. 100-achene weight, 1st flower, complete flowering, maturity, and oil content showed high heritability values of 98.65%, 98.56%, 98.38%, 96.03% and 95.72%, respectively. Seed yield was positively correlated with all traits studied. Path coefficient analysis revealed that first flower had the highest positive direct effect on seed yield followed by seed per capitulum, 100-achene weight complete flower, and head diameter, while 50% flower had the greatest negative direct effect on seed yield.
Effect of Microwave Heating Conditions on the Preparation of High Surface Area Activated Carbon from Waste Bamboo
Authors: Wu Jian , Hongying Xia  , Zhang Libo , Xia Yi , Peng Jinhui , Wang Shixing , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Zhang Shengzhou
Published: February 2021

The present study reports the effect of microwave power and microwave heating time on activated carbon adsorption ability. The waste bamboo was used to preparing high surface area activated carbon via microwave heating. The bamboo was carbonized for 2 h at 600°C to be used as the raw material. According to the results, microwave power and microwave heating time had a significant impact on the activating effect. The optimal KOH/C ratio of 4 was identified when microwave power and microwave heating time were 700 W and 15 min, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, surface area was estimated to be 3441 m2/g with pore volume of 2.093 ml/g and the significant proportion of activated carbon was microporous (62.3%). The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were illustrated that activated carbon surface had abundant functional groups. Additionally the pore structure is characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Description of Grain Refinement by Dynamic Recrystallization Under Hot Compressions for As-Extruded 3Cr20Ni10W2 Heat-Resistant Alloy
Authors: Quan Guo-Zheng , Mao An , Zou Zhen-Yu , Luo Gui-Chang , Liang Jian-Ting
Published: February 2021

The dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior of as-extruded 3Cr20Ni10W2 heat-resistant alloy was investigated by hot compressions with a fixed height reduction of 60% over a temperature range from 1,203 to 1,403 K and a strain rate range from 0.01 to 10 s−1. Results show that DRX occurs more easily at lower temperatures and higher strain rates, the stress level increases significantly with the increase of deformation temperature or the decrease of strain rate. Under such wide range of deformation conditions the flow stress evolution generally indicates two characteristics: work hardening (WH) followed by DRX, or by dynamic recovery (DRV). The variation of the average size of grains refined by DRX behavior in the alloy is characterized by linking the deformation conditions during hot compression process. At a fixed temperature, the average grain size linearly decreases with increasing strain rate in log scale. At a lower strain rate, the average grain size rapidly increases with increasing temperature, while it remains almost constant at strain rate of 10 s−1. At a higher strain rate, grain size data sets tend to be closer to the average size value, which indicates that as strain rate increases, the microstructures become more and more uniform. The effects of the temperatures and strain rates on the average grain size can be represented by Zener–Hollomon parameter, Z, and the relationships between the average grain size and Z parameter can be described as a nonlinear equation, which indicates that the average grain size decreases with increasing Z parameter. On the plot of average grain size

D
A

$${D_A}$$

–

l
n

Z

$${\rm{ln}}\,Z$$

, the regions corresponding to DRV (

l
n

 
Z

≤

77.9

$${\rm{ln}}\ Z\,\le \,77.9$$

) and DRX (

l
n

 
Z

>

77.9

$${\rm{ln}}\ Z\,\gt \,77.9$$

) were clarified clearly.
Study on Evolution of Ti-containing Intermetallic Compounds in Alloy 2618-Ti during Homogenization
Authors: Wang Jianhua , Liu Tingting , Liu Ya , Wu Changjun , Su Xuping
Published: February 2021

Dispersive Al3Ti particles introduced into alloy 2618-Ti are enclosed gradually by ternary Al18Mg3Ti2 phase during homogenization, which can be described as a “peritectic reaction”. This reaction is sensitive to homogenization temperature and time within 24 h but not so sensitive to homogenization time after 24 h because of its special growth pattern. The evolution of the intermetallic compounds during homogenization process of alloy 2618-Ti is further confirmed by means of diffusion couple of (Al-25Mg)/(Al-10Ti). After homogenization, much Al3Ti particles coexist with Al18Mg3Ti2 which depends on the composition of Al-Mg-Ti system and only a few single Al18Mg3Ti2 appear. The occurrence of single Al18Mg3Ti2 phase, within which Al3Ti disappears, can be attributed to the local fluctuation of alloy compositions.
Bosnian Constitutional Court: Unconstitutionality of the ‘Day of the Republic’
Authors: Karahodžić Mirha
Published: February 2021

In its decision U 3/13 from 26 November 2015 the Bosnian Constitutional Court found on the request of a Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina that Article 3 (b) of the Law on Holidays of the Republika Srpska concerning the 9 January as ‘Day of the Republic’ is not in conformity with Article I (2) of the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Article II (4) of the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina in conjunction with Article 1 (1) and Article 2 (a) and (c) of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, and Article 1 of Protocol No 12 to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The Constitutional Court ordered the National Assembly of the Republika Srpska to harmonize Article 3 (b) of the Law on Holidays of the Republika Srpska with the Constitution within a time limit of six months from the date of delivery of the decision and to inform the Constitutional Court of the measures taken to enforce the Decision.
On the Relationship between International Law and International Constitutionalism
Authors: Schauer Frederick
Published: February 2021

In some circles the idea of international constitutionalism, or international constitutional law, appears to provoke a considerable and perhaps unexpected degree of resistance, and indeed animosity. My goal on this occasion is to try to figure out why this attitude of scorn might exist, and in the process also to say something about the relationship between international law and international constitutionalism.
Optimization of Ohmic Heating of Fish Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Rajak Dinesh , Alok  , Jha Ajay Kumar , Sharma P. D.
Published: February 2021

Optimization of process variables for ohmic heating (OH) of fish steaks was done by response surface methodology according to Box–Behnken design. The low and high levels of the variables were 3 and 7 min for processing time; 55 and 75 V for applied voltage and 10 and 15 mm for product thickness. Responses studied comprised colour, temperature, hardness, water activity and organoleptic score. It was found that effects of time and applied voltage were significant on all responses. Optimum conditions (desirability = 0.820) obtained by numerical optimization were processing time, 5.75 min; voltage, 75 V and product thickness, 14.4 mm to achieve maximum colour variation, temperature and organoleptic score and lower hardness and water activity. Corresponding to the optimum conditions, the predicted value for temperature was 71.88°C, colour 49.85, hardness 1.125 kg, water activity 0.772 and overall acceptability 7.891.
The Numerical Connection between Map and its Differential Equation: Logistic and Other Systems
Authors: de Lima Marcos Roberto , Claro Fábio , Ribeiro Wallace , Xavier Sérgio , López-Castillo A.
Published: February 2021

The logistic map, in this article, is used to show the propagation of the numerical error for numerically solved logistic ODE's. When this equation is solved numerically (discretization procedure) the solution shows a chaotic behavior by varying the control parameter (integration step-size). However, the logistic ODE dx/dt = (k − 1)x − kx
2 also has an analytical solution, i.e., not presenting the signature of chaos. The connection between the two limits, analytical solution and chaos, allows us to establish a region of acceptability for the numerical error. Therefore the limits of the numerical process can be found in between the limits of the analytical and chaotic solutions.

This study can be extended to any other ODE or map. For example, there is a similar numerical connection between the chaotic bi-dimensional Cat Map with its respective integrable ODE, which has an analytical solution.

Our discussion applied to those particular systems is generic, that is, the solutions obtained from the numerical discretization can be more instable than those obtained from the continuous procedure. The important point is to find a compromise between the step-size and the propagation length in order to obtain the best numerical solution since the instabilities can be unavoidable.
Switching Design for the Asymptotic Stability and Stabilization of Nonlinear Uncertain Stochastic Discrete-time Systems
Authors: Rajchakit Grienggrai
Published: February 2021

This paper is concerned with asymptotic stability and stabilization of nonlinear uncertain stochastic switched discrete time-delay systems. The system to be considered is subject to interval time-varying delays, which allows the delay to be a fast time-varying function and the lower bound is not restricted to zero. Based on the discrete Lyapunov functional, a switching rule for the asymptotic stability and stabilization for the nonlinear uncertain stochastic discrete time-delay system is designed via linear matrix inequalities. Numerical examples are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the results.
Exact Travelling Wave Solutions for the Modified Fornberg-Whitham Equation
Authors: Deng Xijun
Published: February 2021

In this paper, by using the factorization technique combined with the method of complete discrimination system for polynomial, some exact travelling wave solutions for the modified Fornberg-Whitham equation are obtained. Moreover, our results extend previously known results in the literature.
Second-Order Slip Effects on Heat Transfer of Nanofluid with Reynolds Model of Viscosity in a Coaxial Cylinder
Authors: Zhu Jing , Yang Dan , Zheng Liancun , Zhang Xinxin
Published: February 2021

The present work makes an analysis on the effects of second-order velocity slip and temperature jump boundary conditions for third-grade nanofluid over a coaxial cylinder. In the modeling of blood-based nanofluids containing metal or metal oxide nanoparticles, the viscosity is approximated to second-order Maclaurin’s series for the first time and the effective density is handled to a combination of temperature and nanoparticles volume fraction. The governing equations are transformed into a dimensionless system of nonlinear differential equations and solved by homotopy analysis method (HAM). The accuracy and efficiency of the HAM solutions are verified by

ℏ

$$\hbar $$

-curves and residual error curves using package BVPh2.0. The physical interpretations are illustrated by graphs and tables. The results revealed that the Nusselt number increases with an increase of nanoparticle volume fraction. The second-order velocity slip has a significant weakened effect on the skin friction. In addition, the Brownian motion and thermophoresis movement are collaborating to increase the temperature profile.
Investigation into the Spall Strength of Cast Iron
Authors: Plume Gifford , Rousseau Carl-Ernst
Published: February 2021

The spall strength of cast iron has been investigated by means of planar plate impact experiments conducted in a vacuum. A single stage gas gun was utilized to drive projectiles to velocities between 100 and 300 m/sec, resulting in low to moderate shock loading of the cast iron specimens. Measurement of the stress histories were made with the use of commercial manganin stress gauges that were imbedded between the back face of the cast iron specimen and a low impedance backing of polycarbonate. Spall strength values were calculated utilizing the measured peak stress and minimum stress pullback signals captured in the stress history. Spall Strength values were found to vary between 0.98 and 1.45 GPa for the cast iron tested. Post-Mortem analysis of recovered specimen has provided insight into the evolution of spall failure in cast iron and shed light on the varying nature of the spall strength values calculated. It was determined that the lower bound of strength values was associated with small scale micro-failure, while the upper bound values corresponded to complete spall fracture.
On the Energy of Dynamic Fractures
Authors: Xia Kaiwen , Liu Cangli , Kanopoulos Patrick
Published: February 2021

The validity of the constant propagation fracture energy postulation for dynamic fracture is discussed. As shown from existing direct and indirect experimental results, this assumption may not represent the physical reality. For spontaneous fractures, the fracture energy was shown to increase linearly with the crack length, and for dynamic fractures driven by known amplitude impulsive loading (generated by planar impact), the fracture energy was not a constant either. Despite of its phenomenogical origin, the Broberg's theory developed for self-similar crack growth works well for both spontaneous fractures and dynamic fractures produced by well defined dynamic loading. In this theory, the fracture energy is not a constant. Furthermore, with given far-field loading or equivalent far-field loading, the crack speed is uniquely determined by a strength-like material parameter. This parameter is related to the cohesive strength as proposed by H. J. Gao for hyperelastic materials in the crack-tip process zone. It is proposed in this work that the strength-like parameter (or equivalently the constant fracture speed) is a better material parameter to describe the dynamic fracture propagation process for most dynamic fractures.
The diverse and contested diaconate: Why understanding this ministry is crucial to the future of the Church
Authors: Orton Andrew
Published: February 2021

The diaconate has attracted widespread renewed interest in the contemporary context, whilst being the focus of considerable international ecumenical, social and theological debate. This article shows how the deacon’s role embodies many of the pressing issues facing churches across the world today, particularly through its position as a ministry at the interface between church and wider society. These issues include debates over the nature of ministry, the relationship between different lay and ordained ministries, issues of gender, status and power, and how churches should relate to wider society. To explore these issues, the article draws on research into the diaconate in one particular denomination, the Methodist Church in Britain, and sets this in a wider comparative ecumenical and historical context. The resulting analysis shows how it is crucially important for churches to reflect internationally on diverse experiences and understandings of deacons’ ministry, and own collectively the inherent challenges that this ministry can present. Deacons are shown to have a liminal ministry that through its very existence and practice can challenge understandings of status and power that can exist between different groups such as those who are lay and ordained, those in the church and those in the wider community. Reflecting on this liminal ministry can help churches as they seek to make connections between worship, mission and service, by enabling the whole Church to put their faith into practice in their everyday lives as they engage with wider society. This is especially important in terms of reflecting carefully on the Church’s response to those who are suffering, disadvantaged or marginalised.
Humility: Empirical Psychological Research in Dialogue with Practical Theology – Part II
Authors: Wolfteich Claire E. , Keefe-Perry Callid , Sandage Steven , Paine David R.
Published: February 2021

This article reports on the current status and key findings of a growing body of empirical research on humility; argues for further interdisciplinary, collaborative research between empirical psychology and practical theology; and outlines several generative future research trajectories. Scientific studies of humility could be quite relevant to practical theology, particularly informing research on spiritual formation, intercultural competence, theological education, leadership development, and clinical care. At the same time, we argue for increased attention to theology and spirituality in psychological research on humility, particularly given the strong role of religious and spiritual traditions/communities in promoting humility as a virtue and recent feminist practical theological critiques of humility constructions. Engagement between social scientists and theologians enables sharper reflection upon the moral values implicit in the expanding body of empirical research on humility. Such collaborative, interdisciplinary work is essential in shaping research-based interventions in clinical and religious practice.
Making sense of terms of address in European languages through the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM)
Authors: Wierzbicka Anna
Published: February 2021

Building on the author’s earlier work on address practices and focusing on the French wordsmonsieurandmadame, this paper seeks to demonstrate that generic titles used daily across Europe have relatively stable meanings, different in different languages, and that their semantic analysis can provide keys to the speakers’ cultural assumptions and attitudes. But to use these keys effectively, we need some basic locksmith skills. The NSM approach, with its stock of primes and molecules and its mini-grammar for combining these into explications and cultural scripts, provides both the necessary tools and the necessary techniques. The unique feature of the NSM approach to both semantics and pragmatics is the reliance on a set of simple, cross-translatable words and phrases, in terms of which interactional meanings and norms can be articulated, compared, and explained to linguistic and cultural outsiders. Using this approach, this paper assigns intuitive, intelligible and cross-translatable meanings to several key terms of address in French and English, and it shows how these meanings can account for many aspects of these terms’ use. The paper offers a framework for studying the use of terms of address in Europe and elsewhere and has implications for language teaching, cross-cultural communication and education.
Partial word knowledge: Frontier words in the L2 mental lexicon
Authors: Zareva Alla
Published: February 2021

The study set out to examine the partial word knowledge of native speakers, L2 advanced, and intermediate learners of English with regard to four word features from Richards' (1976) taxonomy of aspects describing what knowing a word entails. To capture partial familiarity, the participants completed in writing a test containing low and mid frequency content words, accompanied by a word knowledge scale. The analysis showed that there were three distinctive patterns of partially familiar vocabulary but their distribution across the three groups was quite different, which indicated that partial knowledge was linked to different word features across the three proficiency groups. It was also of interest to explore whether the participants maintained similar associative connections for their frontier words and whether a word association task would capture partial familiarity. Overall, participants' associative domains for frontier words did not reveal any consistent associative behavior that would distinguish between proficiency groups.
Advances in genetic diagnostics for hereditary hearing loss
Authors: Idan Natali , Brownstein Zippora , Shivatzki Shaked , Avraham Karen B.
Published: February 2021

Hereditary hearing loss affects a significant proportion of the hearing impaired, with genetic mutations estimated to be responsible for its etiology in over 50% of this population. The methods for molecular diagnostics are changing as a result of the transition from linkage analysis to next generation sequencing to identify the genes responsible for hearing loss in affected families. In this review, we summarize the attitudes of the hearing impaired towards genetic testing, the latest techniques for identifying mutations, and provide a comprehensive list of the mutations found in the Israeli Jewish hearing-impaired population.
Central Bank Liquidity Management and the Signal Extraction Problem on the Money Market / Die Liquiditätssteuerung der Notenbank und das Signal-extraktionsproblem am Geldmarkt
Authors: Bindseil Ulrich
Published: February 2021

Understanding the factors determining overnight rates is crucial both for central bankers and private market participants, since, assuming the validity of the expectation theory of the term structure of interest rates, expectations with regard to this “monadic” maturity should determine longer term rates, which are deemed to be relevant for the transmission of monetary policy. The note proposes a simple model of the money market within a two-day long reserve maintenance period to derive relationships between the relevant quantities, expectations concerning these quantities for the rest of the reserve maintenance period, and overnight rates. It is argued that a signal extraction problem faced by banks when observing quantities such as their aggregate reserve holdings and allotment amounts of monetary policy operations is at the core of these relationships. The usefulness of the model is illustrated by applying it to the analysis of three alternative liquidity management strategies of a central bank.
Domestic Fiscal Policy in a Monetary Union: What are the Spillovers? / Fiskalpolitik in einer Währungsunion: Internationale Auswirkungen
Authors: Welsch Heinz
Published: February 2021

This paper examines the spillovers of domestic fiscal expansion in a monetary union. Such a policy action leads to cross-country crowding-out effects on the one hand and cross-country multiplier effects on the other. The overall effect is indeterminate a priori. The approach pursued is therefore an empirical one, using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model with a simple representation of the money market. Three groups of parameters are identified as key determinants of the fiscal policy spillover: the elasticities of substitution in foreign trade (being a measure of the degree of trade integration), the interest elasticity of money demand, and the elasticity of wages with respect to the employment situation. For a reasonable range of parameter configurations, the interest rate effect always dominates the multiplier effect. Especially, even with a degree of trade integration four times as high as commonly assumed the overall spillover is (slightly) negative.
“Death-Spectacles” in Quattrocento Life and Laude
Authors: Filocamo Gioia
Published: February 2021

In the fourteenth century a huge change took place in thinking about death: the kingdom of the beyond became full of dreadful suffering. This new mentality derives from the belief in Purgatory that took hold in the twelfth century, but reached its high point only in the fifteenth: the judgement of the dead would take place immediately after death. Prayers and money invested in order to obtain remission of sins encouraged the expansion of a true “economy of death” manageable from earth. The birth of the Observance movement inside the Mendicant Orders may be connected with this new sensibility, in which the faithful are more concerned with their personal salvation. The “death-spectacles” evoked by Girolamo Savonarola became lenses through which to look at life, but even before him many authors of laude – vernacular religious songs mainly composed for civic confraternities – express the same modern thought on death inspired by Holy Scripture, but excluding high poetic models. The common practice of “cantasi come …” – the reuse of music known with a different text now turned to fear of death – confirms the strong contiguity between life and death, read as a true “extension” of life.
“Illustre est Lovanium et Belgium Janssenio”: Textgenetische Analyse von Cornelius Jansenius’ Oratio de interioris hominis reformatione
Authors: De Maeyer Nicolas
Published: February 2021

The present contribution offers an analysis of the Oratio de interioris hominis reformatione (1628), a sermon written by Cornelius Jansenius (1585–1638), professor of exegesis at the university of Leuven, for the introduction of a new monastic rule in the monastery of Affligem (Southern Netherlands). The text was reprinted several times and gained a certain popularity in the seventeenth century, especially through its French translation by Robert Arnauld d’Andilly (1642). This contribution focuses on the historical circumstances which lead to the genesis of the Oratio. By means of introduction, a summary of the text’s content is given, focusing on Jansenius’ presentation of the Augustinian exegesis of 1 John 2:16 on the threefold concupiscence. Our proper analysis of the historical context of the Oratio is threefold. In first instance, we analyze Jansenius’ relations with the different protagonists in the reform of Affligem, which culminated in the introduction of a new monastic rule in 1628. Thereafter, we focus on the history of the Benedictine monastery itself, from its foundation until the seventeenth century. We end our analysis with a close examination of the pronuntiatio of the Oratio on 18 October 1628 and the immediate impact of the text.
Catholic Biblical Studies after Trent: Franciscus Toletus
Authors: Murray Luke
Published: February 2021

This essay studies the figure of Franciscus Toletus and in particular, his biblical hermeneutic. Covering his background, his education, his entry into the Jesuit order, his career at Rome and finally his commentary on the Gospel of John, the essay seeks to introduce the reader to a key figure of Catholic biblical studies in the early modern period.
Enseignantes et cloîtrées: Les ursulines de la congrégation de Bordeaux en Bretagne au XVIIe siècle. A la recherche d’un modèle conventuel
Authors: Aravaca Chantal
Published: February 2021

On 3 December 1563, the fathers of the Council of Trent made provision for the enclosure of nuns: “the Holy Council command all bishops they made it their special care that in all monasteries subjected to their authority the enclosure of nuns be restored wherever it has been violated and that it be preserved wherever it has not been violated”. In 1566, the constitution Circa pastoralis completed that reform and obliged every religious order of women to the enclosure. The communities of nurses or teachers had to make a choice between enclosure or apostolate. Nevertheless, the ursulines successfully adapted their way of life, and continued to teach young girls. Some religious orders drew up plans in order to manage the observance of the rule and the enclosure thanks to an appropriate spatial organization. The ursulines of the Congregation of Bordeaux did not produce such a document, but the architecture of their convents in Brittany reveals that the communities transmitted the plans to each other. This detailed analysis of plans and facades of their convents in Brittany prepares the ground for the history of the architectural practices of a female order that is still little known in France.
Recommendations for the diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: a German-Austrian Consensus1)
Authors: Schrezenmeier Hubert , Bettelheim Peter , Panse Jens , Schubert Jörg , Höchsmann Britta , Röth Alexander , Nebe Thomas
Published: February 2021

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, life-threatening hematological disease. An acquired mutation in the PIG-A gene in hematopoietic precursor cells leads to a deficiency of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), a common membrane anchor for certain cell surface proteins. The consequence is a deficiency of the decay-accelerating factor (recognized by antibodies of the cluster CD55) and of the membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (MIRL, recognized by CD59 antibodies) on the surface of blood cells leading to dysregulation of the complement cascade resulting in characteristic intravascular hemolysis and thromboembolic complications. The analysis of GPI-anchored proteins on blood cells is the recognized diagnostic gold standard. Some aspects of the recently published international guidelines are still a matter of discussion. On the basis of these guidelines, we discussed practical recommendations, which led to the German-Austrian consensus paper presented here. It contains specific proposals for indication of the test, preanalytical aspects, how to perform immunophenotyping, and for result interpretation. We propose a two-step diagnostic approach. Step 1 is a screening and step 2 is a confirmation of the diagnosis. The latter should be restricted to expert laboratories’ experience with PNH. According to this algorithm for a stepwise diagnostic approach, we recommend which antibody panel should be used in which step. The most frequent sources of error and how to avoid them are also summarized. This consensus should support medical laboratories to make an early and correct diagnosis of what is important to therapy and prognosis of the patient. Aspects of economic efficiency and feasibility were also included in our considerations.
Strongly aperiodic logarithmic signatures
Authors: Staszewski Reiner , van Trung Tran
Published: February 2021

Logarithmic signatures for finite groups are the essential constituent
of public key cryptosystems and . Especially they
form the main component of the private key of .
Regarding the use of , it has become a vital issue to construct
new classes of logarithmic signatures having features that do not share
with the well-known class of transversal or fused transversal logarithmic signatures.
For this purpose Baumeister and de Wiljes recently presented an interesting method
of constructing aperiodic logarithmic signatures for abelian groups.
In this paper we introduce the concept of strongly aperiodic
logarithmic signatures and show their constructions for abelian p-groups
on the basis of the Baumeister–de Wiljes method.
Warum nach dreihundert Jahren immer noch Kant lesen?
Authors: O’Neill Onora
Published: February 2021

This paper was presented at a symposium entitled “300 Years of Immanuel Kant – The Road to the Jubilee” (300 Jahre I. K. – der Weg zum Jubiläum), held on 6 June 2016 in Berlin. Professor Monika Rüttgers, Beauftragte der Bundesregierung Kultur und Medien (Federal Commissioner for Culture and Media), and the Bundesinstitut für Kultur und Geschichte der Deutschen im östlichen Europa (Federal Institute for Culture and History of the Germans in Eastern Europe) invited renowned Kant researchers and political representatives to speak on various themes at a meeting that demonstrated the importance and continued relevance of Kant’s thinking. The symposium launched a series of public events in preparation of Kant’s tercentenary in 2024.
Ich, Selbstbewusstsein und der psychologische Paralogismus. Zur möglichen Bestimmung reflexiver Subjektivität und zur unmöglichen Bestimmung einer Ich-Substanz bei Kant
Authors: Olk Carsten
Published: February 2021

This article addresses the fact of possible and impossible determination of the I or the self-reflective I. In this context, two questions in particular are discussed: What epistemic functions of the I can be legitimately identified, and what kinds of determination of the I are invalid? A theoretical proof of the immortality of a single, persistent substance of the soul (anima) is not possible, because no material substance that corresponds to the I can be found or determined. As this article shows, however, at least a specific form of knowledge of the I, with a view to Kant’s unity of apperception and its actions, can be observed and is therefore epistemically justified.