bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparison of three different cooling systems in parral type greenhouses in Almería
Authors: Meca D. , López J. C. , Gázquez J. C. , Baeza E. , Pérez Parra J. , Zaragoza G.
Published: November 2013

In warm climates, high temperature can limit growth and development of greenhouse crops and their product quality. Therefore greenhouse cooling has a high-priority to reduce these adverse effects. Together with natural ventilation, shade produced by whitewashing the greenhouse roof is the most usual cooling method in the whole of the Mediterranean area. However, this technique is not homogeneous; it is not selective and not adjustable. This inconvenience can be overcome by the use of other techniques such as shading with folding or rolling screens and/or evaporative cooling. This work evaluates three cooling techniques in parral greenhouses using a sweet pepper crop: whitening, shading with a mobile internal screen and cooling with a low pressure fog system. The latter gave the highest reduction in air temperature in the greenhouse in warm periods. However, final water consumption in the fog system was 319 mm, whereas irrigation water consumption was 520 mm. The evaporative cooling system, with 6.5 kg m-2 of marketable production and the use of interior shade screens (with 6.7 kg m-2), did not increase the yield obtained by means of traditional whitening (7.1 kg m-2) used by growers in the area
The forward speed effect on draught force required to pull trailed disc harrows
Authors: Serrano J.M. , Peça J.O.
Published: November 2013

Discs harrows are the most commonly used tillage implements in Portugal. A review of available information shows that the forward speed effect in draught requirements of trailed disc harrows is not clear. This paper gives the results of field trials with trailed disc harrows, performed in the field in different soils. The results show that draught force tends to increase with forward speed and that this relationship is almost linear at speeds between 3 and 9 km/h.
Short communication. Evaluation of the energy requirements in tractor-disc harrow systems
Authors: Serrano J.M. , Peça J.O. , De Carvalho M.
Published: November 2013

A three years research project was developed to study tractor-implement dynamics in tillage operations. This paper reports the results of field tests performed under real working conditions, using four wheel drive tractors and trailed disc harrows combinations, under different soils conditions. The data show a linear relationship between the drawbar pull per unit of implement width and the fuel consumption per hectare. The results give evidence of the benefits of the "gear up, throttle down" approach.
Experimental results and modelling of humidity control strategies for greenhouses in continental and coastal settings in the Mediterranean region. I: Experimental results and model development
Authors: Perdigones A. , Valiño V. , García J. L. , Baptista F. , Montero J. I. , Benavente R. M. , De la Plaza S.
Published: November 2013

Experimental strategies for controlling humidity were compared in a greenhouse sited in Madrid, a continental sitein the Mediterranean region. Small roof window apertures significantly reduced the relative humidity with only alimited increase in associated energy consumption. A simplified climate model with four energy exchange terms(heating, insolation, losses through structure, and losses through windows) and three mass exchange terms(evapotranspiration, losses through structure, and losses through windows) was validated, allowing relative humidityto be predicted with an error of < 9%.
Day of surgery cancellation rates in urology: identification of modifiable factors
Authors: Leslie Robert J. , Beiko Darren , Van Vlymen Janet , Siemens D. Robert
Published: November 2013

Objective: Day-of-surgery cancellations have a negative effect on operating room (OR) resources, as well as on patient satisfaction and perception of quality of care. Given increasing wait times in a universal healthcare system and the nature of urological surgery in our aging population, it should be a priority to identify modifiable risks of OR cancellations to assure timely and efficient delivery of care. We explore the rate and reasons for elective surgery cancellations in a Canadian urological practice.Methods: We evaluated the rate and reason of urological surgery cancellation at a single academic institution, prospectively collected in our centre’s Operating Room Scheduling Office System (ORSOS) database. Documented reasons for cancellations were divided into 3 components: (1) structural factors (e.g., no hospital bed); (2) patient factors (e.g., patient unwell); and (3) process factors (e.g., scheduling error). Rates and reasons for cancellations were compared to those of General Surgery and Gynecology. The documented reasons for cancellation in the ORSOS database were confirmed or extended by chart review and interviews with a subset of cancelled patients.Results: Between 2005 and 2009, 1544 out of 19 141 (8.07%) elective surgical cases were cancelled within the three surgical specialties (general surgery, gynecology and urology); urology had the highest average rate of 9.53%. Non-oncological cases represented a higher percentage of cancelled cases (15%, p < 0.001) and overall rates varied significantly over time in urology compared to the other surgical specialties. Potentially modifiable, process related causes were by far the most common reason for cancellation (58.5%) and “standby” cases were a common cause of overall cancellation rates. Patient interviews confirmed the emotional and financial impact of cancellation; there was no overwhelming concern that clinical outcomes were negatively affected.Conclusions: This contemporary exploration of cancelled urological cases is consistent with previous reports, although variable over time and dependent on definitions used. Potentially modifiable, process-related factors appear to be most frequently associated with cancellation, although more thorough and detailed documentation is required to further mitigate inefficient OR use. We suggest that all OR cancellations should be considered to be adverse incidents to be monitored by institutions in a systematic fashion.
Canadian urology resident scholarly performance
Authors: Andrews J. Matthew , Abdolell Mohamed , Norman Richard W.
Published: November 2013

Introduction: Scholarly research is a key component of Canadian urology residency. Through comparison of scholarly performance of urology residents before residency with that achieved during residency, we aimed to elicit predictive factors for completion of research activities.Methods: Electronic surveys were sent to 152 urology residents of 11 accredited Canadian programs. Survey questions pertained to post-graduate training year (PGY), formal education, scholarly activity completed before and after the start of residency, protected/dedicated research time, structured research curriculum and pursuit of fellowship training.Results: Surveys were completed by 42 residents from 10 programs. Only 26% of residents had a structured research curriculum, 38% a dedicated research rotation and 43% protected research time. We found that 45% of residents published at least 1 manuscript so far during residency (mean 1.14 ± 0.32), and 43% submitted at least 1 manuscript (mean 0.86 ± 0.25). During residency, 62% of residents completed ≥1 formal research presentation (median number 1.5; range: 0-≥10). Only the level of PGY significantly affected the number of manuscripts published (p < 0.001) and number of formal research presentations (p < 0.001) completed during residency. In total, 86% of residents planning to pursue fellowship training had a mean number of publications and presentations during residency of 1.25 ± 0.37 and 2.25 ± 0.54, respectively.Interpretation: Level of PGY significantly affected quantitative scholarly activity, but the numbers and types of presentations performed prior to residency, completion of an honours or graduate degree and plans to pursue fellowship training did not.
Be careful what you believe
Authors: Hoag Chris
Published: November 2013

n/a
No excuse not to report complications using standardized methodology
Authors: Murphy Declan , Basto Marni
Published: November 2013

See attached
Flank bulge following supracostal percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a report of 2 cases.
Authors: Lantz Andrea Gail
Published: November 2013

Damage to intercostal nerves during surgical procedures has been associated with a postoperative flank bulge, due to denervation of the anterolateral abdominal wall musculature. This complication has not been reported following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). We are aware of 3 cases, but have details on 2 cases of postoperative flank bulge following supracostal PCNL which are reported here. We also suggest how this complication could potentially be minimized.
Canada’s First Robotic Assisted Totally Intracorporeal Orthotopic Ileal Neobladder
Authors: Haddad Richard L. , Richard Patrick , Bladou Franck
Published: November 2013

Despite robotic-assisted radical cysto-prostatectomy being performed in several centres, the urinary diversion is most often performed extra-corporeal. A robotic intra-corporeal ileal neobladder is technically demanding and long-term functional outcome data is lacking. We performed a robotic intra-corporeal ileal neobladder in a 73-year-old man for muscle invasive non-metastatic bladder cancer. The total operative time was 6 hours 8 minutes. The estimated blood loss was 900 mL. There were no complications and he was discharged on day 12. The principles of open neobladder surgery were maintained, however key modifications were used to reduce technical difficulty and enable timely completion. We found that robotic intracorporeal ileal neobladder can be safely performed with an experienced robotic unit.
Waldenström macroglobulinaemia presenting as tingling ulcers on the feet
Authors: Fischer Isabelle , Dyall-Smith Delwyn , Peters Birgit , Stolz Wilhelm , Coras-Stepanek Brigitte
Published: November 2013

A 56-year-old man presented with tingling ulcers on the feet. On further skin examination, papules on the knees were observed. Biopsies revealed extravascular eosinophilic deposits of IgM, and Waldenström macroglobulinaemia was diagnosed. The skin manifestations have resolved with chemotherapy. Peripheral neuropathy and storage papules are rare manifestations of Waldenström’s macroglobulinaemia.
Multiple confluent reddish nodules
Authors: Jeunon Thiago , Barreto Rodrigues Palmira Assis de Jesus , Guimarães Rocha Thiara Cristina , De Oliveira Bezerra Marina , Francesconi do Valle Antônio Carlos
Published: November 2013

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A reticular pigmented rash on the lower leg
Authors: Lal Karen , Kazlouskaya Viktoryia , Elston Dirk M.
Published: November 2013

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Dermoscopy: What is your diagnosis?
Authors: Ladizinski Barry , Ramirez-Fort Marigdalia K. , Elpern David J.
Published: November 2013

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Balloon cell melanoma in primary care practice: a case report
Authors: Inskip Mike , Magee Jill , Barksdale Sarah , Rosendahl Cliff
Published: November 2013

A case of balloon cell melanoma encountered in a primary care skin cancer practice in Melbourne, Australia is presented. The presenting lesion was 6 mm in diameter, ulcerated, non-pigmented and without any algorithmic clues to melanoma. However the presence of terminal hairs caused the clinician to suspect that it was melanocytic. The lesion was reported as a balloon cell melanoma, Clark level 4, Breslow thickness 2 mm with a mitotic index of 4 per square mm. This is an extremely rare melanoma subtype. Author DW has encountered only two cases in a career involving in excess of one million signed out dermatopathology reports. A search of the literature has not discovered any previously published dermatoscopy images of a balloon cell melanoma.
Review of Neoplastic Mimics in Dermatopathology, by Mark R. Wick and James W. Patterson
Authors: Puri Puja K. , Hurt Mark A.
Published: November 2013

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The relevance of recognizing clinical and morphologic features of pityriasis lichenoides: clinicopathological study of 29 cases
Authors: Markus Jandrei Rogério , Oliveira Carvalho Vânia , Nunes Lima Monica , Taniguchi Abagge Kerstin , Nascimento Alexandre , Werner Betina
Published: November 2013

Background: Pityriasis lichenoides (PL) is a lymphoproliferative disease of unknown origin; its diagnosis is based on clinical characteristics and confirmed by histology.

Objectives: To describe clinical and histological features of PL in 29 pediatric patients.

Materials and Methods: Retrospective descriptive study of children (patients less than 15 years old) diagnosed with PL between 1986 and 2010 at a Reference Service in Pediatric Dermatology from South Brazil.

Results: Twenty-nine PL cases were found by chart review in 24 years. Mean age of diagnosis was 8 years (22 to 178 months) and a mean time of diagnosis was 13.8 months (1 to 120 months). Twenty cases (69%) were male. Seasonal correlation was found with colder months in 62% of cases (p< 0.01). Clinical diagnosis was pityriasis lichenoides chronica (PLC) in 25 cases, and pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) in four. Itching was the main reported symptom occurring in 13 (45%). Fourteen cases had been histologically evaluated. In six, microscopic findings were consistent with PLC, in four consistent with PLEVA, and four biopsies exhibited mixed characteristics of both forms. Concordance between clinical and histological diagnosis was seen in most cases.

Conclusion: PL occurs in children and young adults, more commonly in males, and during cold months. PLC was the more frequent clinicohistologic form, and necrotic lesions characterized PLEVA. Associating clinical and histological findings is important for differentiating between PLC and PLEVA diagnosis.
Systematic review of diagnostic accuracy of reflectance confocal microscopy for melanoma diagnosis in patients with clinically equivocal skin lesions
Authors: Stevenson Alexander D. , Mickan Sharon , Mallett Susan , Ayya Mekhala
Published: November 2013

Background: Melanoma is a cancer of the skin and is increasing in incidence in the UK and Europe. Melanoma is a condition that is often curable if detected at an early stage, which makes accurate diagnosis vital. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a tool used to image the skin. It gives high magnification images of the skin, which may provide more accurate diagnosis of lesions that are equivocal on clinical examination and dermoscopy.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), for melanoma diagnosis, as an add-on test to clinical examination and dermoscopy in the diagnosis of equivocal pigmented skin lesions using histopathology as the reference standard.

Methods: A search was conducted of MEDLINE, EMBASE and six other electronic databases from inception to present. Forward citation searching and hand searching of reference lists were also conducted. Diagnostic accuracy studies that assess RCM in the diagnosis of melanoma were included in the review. Two contributors conducted the search, data extraction and assessment of methodological quality using QUADAS-2. Statistical analysis was performed using hierarchical bivariate random effects meta-analysis.

Results: 951 titles and abstracts were screened. Five studies comprising 909 lesions were eligible for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis returned a per lesion sensitivity of 93% [95% CI 89-96] and a specificity of 76% [95% CI 68-83].

Conclusions: The utility of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) as an add-on test for the diagnosis of melanoma depends on the trade off between over-excising benign lesions and misdiagnosing melanoma as benign. This becomes important when considering lesions on surgically difficult or cosmetically important areas of the body.
Outcomes of antiretroviral treatment programmes in rural Lesotho: health centres and hospitals compared
Authors: Labhardt Niklaus Daniel , Keiser Olivia , Sello Motlalepula , Lejone Thabo Ishmael , Pfeiffer Karolin , Davies Mary‐Ann , Egger Matthias , Ehmer Jochen , Wandeler Gilles ,   the SolidarMed ART Program and IeDEA‐Southern Africa
Published: November 2013

Introduction

Lesotho was among the first countries to adopt decentralization of care from hospitals to nurse‐led health centres (HCs) to scale up the provision of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We compared outcomes between patients who started ART at HCs and hospitals in two rural catchment areas in Lesotho.

Methods

The two catchment areas comprise two hospitals and 12 HCs. Patients ≥16 years starting ART at a hospital or HC between 2008 and 2011 were included. Loss to follow‐up (LTFU) was defined as not returning to the facility for ≥180 days after the last visit, no follow‐up (no FUP) as not returning after starting ART, and retention in care as alive and on ART at the facility. The data were analysed using logistic regression, competing risk regression and Kaplan‐Meier methods. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for sex, age, CD4 cell count, World Health Organization stage, catchment area and type of ART. All analyses were stratified by gender.

Results

Of 3747 patients, 2042 (54.5%) started ART at HCs. Both women and men at hospitals had more advanced clinical and immunological stages of disease than those at HCs. Over 5445 patient‐years, 420 died and 475 were LTFU. Kaplan‐Meier estimates for three‐year retention were 68.7 and 69.7% at HCs and hospitals, respectively, among women (p=0.81) and 68.8% at HCs versus 54.7% at hospitals among men (p<0.001). These findings persisted in adjusted analyses, with similar retention at HCs and hospitals among women (odds ratio (OR): 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73–1.09) and higher retention at HCs among men (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.20–1.96). The latter result was mainly driven by a lower proportion of patients LTFU at HCs (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51–0.93).

Conclusions

In rural Lesotho, overall retention in care did not differ significantly between nurse‐led HCs and hospitals. However, men seemed to benefit most from starting ART at HCs, as they were more likely to remain in care in these facilities compared to hospitals.
In Vitro Assays of Chemotaxis as a Window into Mechanisms of Toxicant‐Induced Immunomodulation
Authors: Pietrosimone Kathryn M. , Bhandari Sadikshya , Lemieux Michael G. , Knecht David A. , Lynes Michael A.
Published: November 2013

Dysregulated cell movement can lead to developmental abnormalities, neoplasia, and immune system disorders, and there are a variety of contexts in which xenobiotics (and biologic) effects on this movement are of interest. Many toxins and toxicants have been shown to disrupt controlled cell movement. Identification of compounds that affect cell movement is crucial to drug discovery. Drug components may have unexpected consequences with respect to cell motility, which would exclude these compounds in drug development. Finally, the development of drugs that target chemotactic pathways may be useful in the treatment of tumors, which often reprogram chemotactic pathways to become metastatic. The effects of these agents on cell movement can be measured using several different in vitro chemotactic assays. This review details the procedures of three in vitro measurements of chemotaxis: the Boyden chamber, the under‐agarose assay, and the automated, real‐time, ECIS/Taxis assay, and discusses the inferences that can be drawn from the results of such studies. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 58:18.17.1‐18.17.24. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Groundwater age distributions at a public drinking water supply well field derived from multiple age tracers (85Kr, 3H/3He, and 39Ar)
Authors: Visser Ate , Broers Hans Peter , Purtschert Roland , Sültenfuß Jürgen , de Jonge Martin
Published: November 2013

Groundwater age is a key aspect of production well vulnerability. Public drinking water supply wells typically have long screens and are expected to produce a mixture of groundwater ages. The groundwater age distributions of seven production wells of the Holten well field (Netherlands) were estimated from tritium‐helium (3H/3He), krypton‐85 (85Kr), and argon‐39 (39Ar), using a new application of a discrete age distribution model and existing mathematical models, by minimizing the uncertainty‐weighted squared differences of modeled and measured tracer concentrations. The observed tracer concentrations fitted well to a 4‐bin discrete age distribution model or a dispersion model with a fraction of old groundwater. Our results show that more than 75% of the water pumped by four shallow production wells has a groundwater age of less than 20 years and these wells are very vulnerable to recent surface contamination. More than 50% of the water pumped by three deep production wells is older than 60 years. 3H/3He samples from short screened monitoring wells surrounding the well field constrained the age stratification in the aquifer. The discrepancy between the age stratification with depth and the groundwater age distribution of the production wells showed that the well field preferentially pumps from the shallow part of the aquifer. The discrete groundwater age distribution model appears to be a suitable approach in settings where the shape of the age distribution cannot be assumed to follow a simple mathematical model, such as a production well field where wells compete for capture area.
Prenatal genetic testing for a microdeletion at chromosome 14q32.2 imprinted region leading to UPD(14)pat‐like phenotype
Authors: Sasaki Aiko , Sumie Masahiro , Wada Seiji , Kosaki Rika , Kurosawa Kenji , Fukami Maki , Sago Haruhiko , Ogata Tsutomu , Kagami Masayo
Published: November 2013

© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Flow improvement of Liaohe extraheavy oil with comb‐type copolymers
Authors: Jiang Hejian , Xu Jun , Wei Xiaoming , Wang Tongshuai , Wang Weina , Li Li , Guo Xuhong
Published: November 2013

Liaohe extraheavy oil is a kind of special crude oil with high paraffin and asphaltene contents and a pour point of up to 60°C. To improve its flowability, comb‐type poly(maleic alkylamide‐co‐α‐octadecene) copolymers (MACs) with various amidation ratios were synthesized and used. Model oils containing paraffin mixtures with the same average carbon number to Liaohe extraheavy oil with and without asphaltene were prepared to explore the effect of the MACs on paraffin crystallization and asphaltene dispersion, respectively. We found that MACs reduced the yield stress, changed the size and shape of the paraffin crystals, and obstructed the paraffin crystallization for both model oils and extraheavy Liaohe oils as observed by rheology, polarizing light microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. The MACs seemed to be an ideal candidate for improving the flowability of Liaohe extraheavy oils. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40082.
Reactions of Aromatic S‐ and O‐Enynes with Two Methyl Substituents on the Olefinic Unit Assisted by a Ruthenium Complex: Tandem Cyclization and Product Selectivity
Authors: Feng Yi‐Jhen , Lai Ying‐Hsuan , Lin Ying‐Chih , Huang Shou‐Ling , Liu Yi‐Hung
Published: November 2013

Ruthenium‐assisted cyclizations of two enynes, HC≡CCH(OH)(C6H4)XCH2CHCMe2 (X=S (1a), O (1b)), each of which contains two terminal methyl substituents on the olefinic parts, are explored. The reaction of 1a in CH2Cl2 gives the vinylidene complex 2a from the first cyclization and two side products, 3a and the carbene complex 4a with a benzothiophene ligand. The same reaction in the presence of HBF4 affords 4a exclusively. Air oxidation of 4a in the presence of Et3N readily gives an aldehyde product. In MeOH, tandem cyclizations of 1a generate a mixture of the benzothiochromene compound 10a and the carbene complex 7a also with a benzothiochromene ligand. First, cyclization of 1b likewise proceeds in CH2Cl2 to give 2b. Tandem cyclization of 1b in MeOH yields comparable products 10b and 7b with benzochromene moieties, yet with no other side product. The reaction of [Ru]Cl with HC≡CCH(OH)(C6H4)SCH2CHCH2 (1c), which contains no methyl substituent in the olefinic part, in MeOH gives the carbene complex 15c with an unsubstituted thiochromene by means of a CS bond formation. Structures of 3a and 15c are confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The presence of methyl groups of enynes 1a and 1b promotes sequential cyclization reactions that involve CC bond formation through carbocationic species.
The Combination of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy towards More Efficient Drug Delivery
Authors: Cao Wei , Gu Yuwei , Meineck Myriam , Xu Huaping
Published: November 2013

Research on anticancer therapies has advanced significantly in recent years. New therapeutic platforms that can further improve the health of patients are still highly demanded. We propose the idea of combining regular chemotherapy with radiation therapy to minimize side effects as well as increase drug‐delivery efficiency. In this Focus Review, we seek to provide an overview of recent advances that can combine chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We begin by reviewing the current state of systems that can combine chemotherapy and gamma radiation. Among them, diselenide‐containing polymers are highlighted as sensitive drug‐delivery vehicles that can disassemble under gamma radiation. Then X‐ray responsive materials as promising alternative systems are summarized, including X‐ray responsive drug‐delivery vehicles, prodrugs that can be activated by X‐rays, and radiation‐site‐targeting systems. Finally, we describe strategies that involve phototherapies.
Autoreduction of Copper on Silica and Iron‐Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles with Interparticle Mesoporosity
Authors: Popova Margarita , Ristić Alenka , Mazaj Matjaž , Maučec Darja , Dimitrov Momtchil , Tušar Nataša Novak
Published: November 2013

Copper‐supported catalysts are of industrial importance in many catalytic processes. Mesoporous silica materials are of particular interest as green heterogeneous catalyst supports. In the present study we demonstrate the nature and reduction properties of copper oxide species, which are influenced by the peculiarity of the silica nanoparticles with interparticle mesoporosity (KIL family) and the presence of a second metal (iron) in the silica matrix. The copper‐containing KIL‐2 and FeKIL‐2 samples are prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. The reduction of copper oxide species is easier on the FeKIL‐2 supported sample in comparison to its KIL‐2 supported analogue, whereas the copper‐containing KIL‐2 sample shows higher catalytic activity in total toluene oxidation. The presence of iron in the FeKIL‐2 structure leads to autoreduction of copper followed by the redispersion and oxidation of metallic copper in the reaction medium; this results in the formation of different types of finely dispersed copper oxide species (<100 nm). The later species possess lower catalytic activity in toluene oxidation in comparison to species that are 100 nm in size and formed on KIL‐2.
ChemInform Abstract: Ordered vs. Disordered Perovskites; Structural Studies of Fe‐Doped SrIrO3 and SrRuO3.
Authors: Qasim Ilyas , Blanchard Peter E. R. , Liu Samuel , Tang Chunguang , Kennedy Brendan J. , Avdeev Maxim , Kimpton Justin A.
Published: November 2013

Polycrystalline samples of Sr2Ir2‐yFeyO6 (y = 0.67, 0.8, 1, 1.33) and SrRu1‐xFexO3 (x = 0.2, 0.33, 0.4, 0.5, 0.67) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of SrCO3, Ru or Ir, and Fe2O3 (alumina crucible, 1000 °C, 1100 °C, and 1120 °C, for 2 d each).
ChemInform Abstract: Quaternary Supertetrahedra‐Layered Telluride CsMnInTe3: Why Does This Type of Chalcogenide Tilt?
Authors: Lin Hua , Shen Jin‐Ni , Chen Ling , Wu Li‐Ming
Published: November 2013

The dark‐red title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of In, Mn, Te, and CsCl as a reactive flux (1273 K, 4 d, 85% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: The Solid Solution Series (GeTe)x(LiSbTe2)2 (1 ≤ x ≤ 11) and the Thermoelectric Properties of (GeTe)11(LiSbTe2)2.
Authors: Schroeder Thorsten , Schwarzmueller Stefan , Stiewe Christian , de Boor Johannes , Hoelzel Markus , Oeckler Oliver
Published: November 2013

The title compounds (x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11) and the x = 0 end‐member Li2Sb2Te4 are obtained from stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (Ar, 700 °C, 1 h) and characterized by powder X‐ray and neutron diffraction, and thermoelectric measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Li‐Excess Li1+x [Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3]O2 Cathode Materials Using Ammonia‐Free Chelating Agent.
Authors: Kong Ji‐Zhou , Yang Xiao‐Yan , Zhai Hai‐Fa , Ren Chong , Li Hui , Li Jun‐Xiu , Tang Zhou , Zhou Fei
Published: November 2013

Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2 spherical precursor with an average particle size of 9.88 μm is prepared via co‐precipitation from an aqueous solution of NiSO4, CoSO4, and MnSO4 (Ni:Co:Mn = 5:2:3) using NaOH as precipitating and oxalic acid as chelating/reducing agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis of Flower‐Like Ag/AgBr/BiOBr Microspheres and Their High Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation for p‐Nitrophenol.
Authors: Li Tingting , Luo Shenglian , Yang Lixia
Published: November 2013

Flower‐like Ag/AgBr/BiOBr microspheres are prepared by microwave‐assisted solvothermal and in situ photo‐assisted reduction involving 1‐hexadecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide as Br source in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone surfactant in ethylene glycol (900 W microwaves, 160 °C, 20 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Alkali Earth Borohydride Sr(BH4)2 and Borohydride‐Chloride Sr(BH4)Cl.
Authors: Ravnsbaek D. B. , Nickels E. A. , Cerny R. , Olesen C. H. , David W. I. F. , Edwards P. P. , Filinchuk Y. , Jensen T. R.
Published: November 2013

Sr(BH4)2 is synthesized by reaction of SrCl2, NaBH4, and LiBH4 in anhydrous THF (N2, room temperature, 2 d) and by ball‐milling of LiBH4 and SrCl2 in a molar ratio ≥2:1.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanochemical Synthesis of Erbium Borohydride: Polymorphism, Thermal Decomposition and Hydrogen Storage.
Authors: Gennari F. C.
Published: November 2013

The new compound Er(BH4)3 is synthesized by milling of LiBH4 and ErCl3 under argon (200 rpm, 5 h interrupted by periods of rest).
ChemInform Abstract: Antiferromagnetic Transitions of Osmium‐Containing Rare Earth Double Perovskites Ba2LnOsO6 (Ln = Rare Earths).
Authors: Hinatsu Yukio , Doi Yoshihiro , Wakeshima Makoto
Published: November 2013

A series of Ba2LnOsO6 compounds (Ln: Pr, Nd, Sm—Lu) is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of BaO2, OsO2, metallic Os, and Ln2O3 (evacuated silica tubes, 1170 K, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Bimetallic Oxidative Addition Involving Radical Intermediates in Nickel‐Catalyzed Alkyl—Alkyl Kumada Coupling Reactions
Authors: Breitenfeld Jan , Ruiz Jesus , Wodrich Matthew D. , Hu Xile
Published: November 2013

mechanistic studies
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Highly Asymmetric 1,5(6)‐Selective Cyclization Reaction of α‐Hydroxyimino Cyclic Ketones: Direct Approach to Ring‐Fused Hydroxyimino Dihydropyrans.
Authors: Liu Luping , Zhang Dekui , Zhang Panpan , Jiang Xianxing , Wang Rui
Published: November 2013

The first catalytic asymmetric 1,5(6)‐selective Michael addition/cyclization reaction of α‐hydroxyimino ketones (I) and (IV) with γ,β‐unsaturated α‐keto esters, such as (II) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed Generation of Palladium Complexes: Efficient Head‐to‐Tail Dimerization of Alkynes.
Authors: Chen Tieqiao , Guo Cancheng , Goto Midori , Han Li‐Biao
Published: November 2013

A highly selective head‐to‐tail dimerization of aliphatic and aromatic alkynes (I) and (III) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Oxidation by Electronically Tuned Nitroxyl Radical Catalysts.
Authors: Hamada Shohei , Furuta Takumi , Wada Yoshiyuki , Kawabata Takeo
Published: November 2013

The nitroxyl radical shown in the scheme is found to be an efficient catalyst for the oxidation of secondary alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Decarboxylative Wittig Reaction of Difluoromethylene Phosphobetaine.
Authors: Zheng Jian , Cai Ji , Lin Jin‐Hong , Guo Yong , Xiao Ji‐Chang
Published: November 2013

Two phosphobetaines are prepared and used as convenient difluoroolefination reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Co‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Alkyl Halides with Tertiary Alkyl Grignard Reagents Using a 1,3‐Butadiene Additive.
Authors: Iwasaki Takanori , Takagawa Hiroaki , Singh Surya P. , Kuniyasu Hitoshi , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: November 2013

The use of isoprene and LiI is essential for the high yields of the reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of High‐Value 1,6‐Enynes by Tandem Fragmentation/Olefination.
Authors: Hoang Tung T. , Dudley Gregory B.
Published: November 2013

Applicability of this method is demonstrated by total syntheses of Hirsutene (VII) and Illudol (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclotriveratrylene Analogues with C1‐Symmetry and the Application for 1,4‐Michael Addition of Alcohols to Unsaturated Aryl Ketone.
Authors: Song Jing‐Ru , Huang Zhi‐Tang , Zheng Qi‐Yu
Published: November 2013

Several C1‐symmetric cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) analogues like (I), which possesses a methyleneimidazolium unit at the upper rim of the macrocyclic skeleton, are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Cyclopropanes from Vinylarenes and Esters in the Presence of ClnAlEt3‐n and Cp2ZrCl2 as Catalyst.
Authors: Khafizova L. O. , Gubaidullin P. R. , Shaibakova M. G. , Dzhemilev U. M.
Published: November 2013

11 Cyclopropanes of type (III)/(IV) and (VI)/(VII) are prepared in continuation of earlier studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Double Hetero‐Michael Addition of N‐Substituted Hydroxylamines to Quinone Monoketals: Synthesis of Bridged Isoxazolidines.
Authors: Yin Zhiwei , Zhang Jinzhu , Wu Jing , Liu Che , Sioson Kate , Devany Matthew , Hu Chunhua , Zheng Shengping
Published: November 2013

Quinone monoketals (I) give bridged isoxazolidines in high yields, whereas significantly lower yields are obtained by using substituted substrates (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Accelerating Low‐Loading Copper‐Catalyzed Effective Synthesis of (E)‐1,3‐Enynes by Coupling Between Vinyl Halides and Alkynes Performed in Water.
Authors: Sun Peng , Yan Hong , Lu Linhua , Liu Defu , Rong Guangwei , Mao Jincheng
Published: November 2013

The title reaction provides best results when vinyl bromides are used as substrates, whereas vinyl chlorides and iodides give low yields of the desired products.
ChemInform Abstract: Allylation of Aldehydes with Potassium Allyltrifluoroborate Catalyzed by Amberlyst A‐15.
Authors: Couto Tulio R. , Freitas Juliano C. R. , Cavalcanti Italo H. , Oliveira Roberta A. , Menezes Paulo H.
Published: November 2013

The title reaction is advantageous with respect to short reaction times, high yields, mild reaction conditions, and simple product isolation.
ChemInform Abstract: Calcium‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Enynes.
Authors: Meyer Vera J. , Fu Liang , Marquardt Fabian , Niggemann Meike
Published: November 2013

The calcium‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of enynes proceeds in the presence of MgSO4·xH2O as slowly releasing source of water to yield various ring sizes.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidant‐Free Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Olefination of Arenes with Allyl Acetates.
Authors: Feng Chao , Feng Daming , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: November 2013

A novel cationic Rh(III)‐catalyzed olefination of N,N‐dialkylbenzamides with allylic acetates is developed to give trans‐olefins in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Aminocarbonylation of Iodoarenes at Atmospheric Pressure Catalyzed by a Robust Acenaphthoimidazolyidene Allylic Palladium Complex.
Authors: Fang Weiwei , Deng Qinyue , Xu Mizhi , Tu Tao
Published: November 2013

A robust Pd‐NHC complex is described as highly efficient catalyst for the aminocarbonylation of a variety of aryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐2‐hydroxy‐5‐methylbenzenesulfonic Acid.
Authors: Ismailov V. M. , Nagiev F. N. , Yusubov N. N.
Published: November 2013

Title compound (II) is prepared from (I) (yield not given).
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild, One‐Pot Stadler—Ziegler Synthesis of Arylsulfides Facilitated by Photoredox Catalysis in Batch and Continuous‐Flow.
Authors: Wang Xiao , Cuny Gregory D. , Noel Timothy
Published: November 2013

This novel one‐pot Stadler‐Ziegler process reduces two potential explosion hazards: the need for diazonium salt isolation is eliminated and the formation of diazosulfides is minimized.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Styryl Substituted Semicarbazides under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Chai Lan‐Qin , Zhang Hong‐Song , Liu Gang , Huang Jiao‐Jiao , Cheng Qiao‐Qiao
Published: November 2013

The synthesis of the title semicarbazides (IV) and (VI) (16 examples in all) is accomplished employing the Curtius rearrangement of cinnamoyl azide (I) followed by nucleophile addition of hydrazides to the NCO moiety under microwave conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Tetradentate Bisoxazoline Ligands from L‐Serine and β‐DDB for Asymmetric Pinacol Coupling Reactions of Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Wen Jiwu , Liu Limin , Zhou Xiaochun , Hu Ronghua , Xu Yaping
Published: November 2013

A series of novel hydroxyl‐containing tetradentate bisoxazolines are synthesized and successfully applied as chiral ligands in the asymmetric pinacol coupling of aromatic aldehydes (8 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Bond Breaking of Cyclic Anhydrides: Easy Access to Polyfunctionalized Naphthalenes and Phenanthrenes.
Authors: Jafarpour Farnaz , Hazrati Hamideh , Nouraldinmousa Sorour
Published: November 2013

A novel method for the decarboxylative and decarbonylative addition of cyclic anhydrides to alkynes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Atom Economic Synthesis and AChE Inhibitory Activity of Novel Dispiro 7‐Aryltetrahydro‐1H‐pyrrolo[1,2‐c][1,3]thiazole and 4‐Aryloctahydroindolizine N‐Methylpiperidin‐4‐one Hybrid Heterocycles.
Authors: Sivakumar Sathiyamoorthi , Kumar Raju Ranjith , Ali Mohamed Ashraf , Choon Tan Soo
Published: November 2013

Title compounds (IV) are synthesized via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated in situ from acenaphthenequinone (II) and amino acids (III) to pyridinones (I) and are evaluated for their AChE inhibitory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Ketyl‐Olefin Cyclizations Enabled by Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer.
Authors: Tarantino Kyle T. , Liu Peng , Knowles Robert R.
Published: November 2013

The development of a new catalytic protocol for ketyl‐olefin coupling is reported and evidence is given to support a concerted proton‐coupled electron transfer being the operative mechanism of ketyl formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Furans via Intramolecular Wittig Reactions: Mechanism and Theoretical Analysis.
Authors: Lee Yu‐Ting , Lee Yen‐Te , Lee Chia‐Jui , Sheu Chia‐Ning , Lin Bo‐Yu , Wang Jeng‐Han , Lin Wenwei
Published: November 2013

Tetrasubstituted furans (III) and (VII) are synthesized from the corresponding α,β‐unsaturated ketones (I) and (V), acid chlorides (II) and (VI), and Bu3P via chemoselective intramolecular Wittig reaction as the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diaminomethylidene Derivatives of Tetronic Acid
Authors: Prezent M. A. , Dorokhov V. A.
Published: November 2013

via ketene aminal (III) as key intermediate
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Free Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct C2‐Arylation of Benzothiophenes with Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Zhao Liqin , Bruneau Christian , Doucet Henri
Published: November 2013

Low loadings of Pd(OAc)2 (0.1‐0.5 mol%) as catalyst are found to promote the direct C2‐arylation of benzothiophenes with a wide range of different substituted aryl bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Photosensitized Cyclization Reactions of Ethyl 3‐Amino‐3‐phenyl‐2‐propenoate Derivatives to Highly Substituted Pyrroles.
Authors: Ishida Yohsuke , Yoshida Yuhki , Igarashi Tetsutaro , Sakurai Tadamitsu
Published: November 2013

Irradiation of compounds (I) at wavelengths longer than 340 nm and using N‐methylacridinium perchlorate as photosensitizer affords corresponding pyrrole derivatives (II).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Four‐Component Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrroles in Gluconic Acid Aqueous Solution.
Authors: Li Bao‐Le , Li Pei‐He , Fang Xue‐Na , Li Chun‐Xiao , Sun Jing‐Lei , Mo Li‐Ping , Zhang Zhan‐Hui
Published: November 2013

It is demonstrated that gluconic acid aqueous solution is an effective promoting medium for the four‐component coupling of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, aldehydes, amines, and nitromethane to produce pyrroles.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Construction of 3,3′‐Bisindolylmethanes Through Bartoli Indole Synthesis.
Authors: Abe Takumi , Nakamura Shuuhei , Yanada Reiko , Choshi Tominari , Hibino Satoshi , Ishikura Minoru
Published: November 2013

The synthesis of a wide variety of bisindolylmethanes is achieved via reaction of nitromethanes with vinylmagnesium bromide, followed by quenching with HCl or reaction with aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Acyl‐2‐arylindole via Palladium‐Catalyzed Isocyanide Insertion and Oxypalladation of Alkyne.
Authors: Nanjo Takeshi , Yamamoto Sho , Tsukano Chihiro , Takemoto Toshiji
Published: November 2013

Pd‐Catalyzed isocyanide insertion and oxopalladation of an alkyne is utilized for the synthesis of indoles from isocyanides (I) and aryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Stereoselective Synthesis of Novel Isosteviol‐Fused Pyrazolines and Pyrazoles as Potential Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Zhu Song‐Lin , Wu Ya , Liu Cong‐Jun , Wei Chang‐Yong , Tao Jing‐Chao , Liu Hong‐Min
Published: November 2013

The synthesis of novel isosteviol‐fused pyrazolines and pyrazoles from isosteviol is described along with the evaluation of the anti‐cancer activity of the synthesized compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Oxazoles from N‐Benzyl Propargyl Amines and Acid Chlorides.
Authors: v. Wachenfeldt Henrik , Paulsen Filip , Sundin Anders , Strand Daniel
Published: November 2013

Application of this method is demonstrated in total syntheses of romazarit (XII) and aleglitazar (XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thiazole Derivatives Bearing an Incorporated Z‐5‐Aminopent‐3‐enoic Acid Fragment.
Authors: Zavozin Alexander G. , Ignat'ev Nikolai V. , Schulte Michael , Zlotin Sergei G.
Published: November 2013

The title compounds (VII) are prepared from 5‐bromolevulinic esters (I) (applied as mixtures with their less reactive 3‐bromo‐regioisomers) through a sequence of nucleophilic substitution, bromination, Hantzsch‐type heterocyclization and Gabriel‐like deprotection.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Two‐Step Synthesis of New 5‐Substituted‐1H‐tetrazoles of Biological Interest.
Authors: Zanatta Nilo , da Silva Fabio M. , da Silva Andreia M. P. W. , Aquino Estefania da C. , Bonacorso Helio G. , Martins Marcos A. P.
Published: November 2013

Cycloaddition reactions between the nitrile group of β‐cyanocarboxylic acids with sodium azide in the presence of zinc chloride afford tetrazolic acids, structural analogues of succinic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Construction of Dihydropyran‐Fused Indoles Through Chiral Calcium Phosphate Catalyzed Oxo‐Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reactions by Using 2‐Oxoindolin‐3‐ylidenes as Heterodienes.
Authors: Mao Zhijie , Li Weipeng , Shi Yan , Mao Hiabin , Lin Aijun , Zhu Chengjian , Chang Yixiang
Published: November 2013

A highly efficient, mild, and simple method for the synthesis of the title compounds is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Shedding Light on Organocatalysis—Light‐Assisted Asymmetric Ion‐Pair Catalysis for the Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Pyrylium Ions.
Authors: Hsiao Chien‐Chi , Liao Hsuan‐Hung , Sugiono Erli , Atodiresei Iuliana , Rueping Magnus
Published: November 2013

For the first time an asymmetric reductive photocyclization of chalcones yielding 4H‐chromenes in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Amine‐Catalyzed Cascade Synthesis of 3,4‐Diunsubstituted Coumarins.
Authors: Wei Jia , Wang Pengcheng , Jia Qianfa , Huang Jiaoyao , Du Zhiyun , Zhang Kun , Wang Jian
Published: November 2013

The synthesis of the title compounds is described under utilization of substituted salicylaldehydes as substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Preparation of 4‐Hydroxyquinolin‐2(1H)‐one Derivatives with Silver‐Catalyzed Carbon Dioxide Incorporation and Intramolecular Rearrangement.
Authors: Ishida Tomonobu , Kikuchi Satoshi , Yamada Tohru
Published: November 2013

The use of catalytic amounts of AgNO3 and DBU as base renders possible the preparation of the title compounds (III) and (V) from o‐alkynylanilines and carbon dioxide under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Biquinolone—Isoniazid Hybrids as a New Class of Antitubercular and Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Jardosh Hardik H. , Patel Manish P.
Published: November 2013

A series of title compounds (IV) (19 examples) is designed based on molecular hybridization technique and synthesized via a multicomponent cyclization reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Direct sp3 C—H Bond Arylation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Isochromans via 2,3‐Dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone Oxidation under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Muramatsu Wataru , Nakano Kimihiro , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: November 2013

DDQ allows the oxidative arylation of activated sp3 C‐H bonds of tetrahydroisoquinolines, isochromanes and structurally related non‐cyclic substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Solvent‐Free Approach to Imidazole Containing Nitrogen‐Bridgehead Heterocycles.
Authors: Attanasi Orazio A. , Bianchi Luca , Campisi Linda A. , De Crescentini Lucia , Favi Gianfranco , Mantellini Fabio
Published: November 2013

A novel methodology without the need for a metal‐catalyst is presented to synthesize imidazo‐pyridine‐like compounds through cyclocondensation of azoesters of type (I), (IV), and (VII) with pyridines, quinoline, and isoquinoline.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Formation of 3‐Amino‐3‐carboxy‐tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives via Tandem 1,5‐Hydride Transfer/Cyclization Process.
Authors: Han Wen‐Yong , Zuo Jian , Wu Zhi‐Jun , Zhang Xiao‐Mei , Yuan Wei‐Cheng
Published: November 2013

(Z)‐Alkylidene azlactones (I) and (IV) undergo a Sc(OTf)3‐catalyzed intramolecular tandem 1,5‐hydride transfer/cyclization sequence to yield 3‐amino‐3‐carboxy‐tetrahydroquinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unexpected Dimroth Rearrangement Leading to Anellated Thieno[3,2‐d][1,2,3]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines with Potent Antitumor Activity.
Authors: Lauria Antonino , Patella Chiara , Abbate Ilenia , Martorana Annamaria , Almerico Anna Maria
Published: November 2013

Compounds (I) undergo an unexpected Dimroth rearrangement under basic conditions to give mainly the linear fused isomers (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 2‐ and 5‐Trifluoromethyl‐ or 2‐ and 5‐Difluoromethylpyrazolo[1,5‐c]pyrimidines Based on 7,7,7‐Trifluoro‐ or 7,7‐Difluoro‐2,4,6‐trioxoheptanoic and 6‐Trifluoromethyl‐ or 6‐Difluoromethylcomanic Acids.
Authors: Usachev B. I. , Obydennov D. L. , Sosnovskikh V. Ya.
Published: November 2013

Fluoromethylcomanic acid derivatives (I) react with aminoguanidine to furnish predominantly 5‐fluoromethylpyrazolopyrimidines (III), whilst the reaction of the open‐chain synthetic equivalent (IV) with aminoguanidine permits regioselective access to 2‐fluoromethylpyrazolopyrimidines such as (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct C—H Sulfenylation of Purines and Deazapurines.
Authors: Klecka Martin , Pohl Radek , Cejka Jan , Hocek Michal
Published: November 2013

In purines (VI), the title reaction proceeds selectively in position 8, in 7‐deazapurines (I) in position 7, and in 9‐deazapurines (IV) in position 9, leading to novel arylsulfanyl derivatives of purine or deazapurine bases.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Electronic Properties of 3,7‐Dianilino Substituted N‐Hexyl Phenothiazines.
Authors: Pereteanu Iani S. , Mueller Thomas J. J.
Published: November 2013

Title compounds are synthesized via two‐fold Buchwald—Hartwig coupling of dibromophenothiazine (I) with a series of primary and secondary anilines and amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,5‐a][1,3,5]triazine Derivatives as Inhibitors of Thymidine Phosphorylase.
Authors: Sun Lingyi , Bera Hriday , Chui Wai Keung
Published: November 2013

52 compounds are synthesized and screened for their thymidine phosphorylase inhibition activity.