bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of environmentally friendly potassium oleate modified wollastonite in carbon black/natural rubber composites
Authors: Yan Lizhi , Xiao Yao , Tang Shaoshu , Sui Zhihua , Xu Zhenchun , Wang Chuansheng , Bian Huiguang
Published: February 2023

Carbon black uses nonrenewable resources (e.g., petroleum and natural gas) as raw materials, which not only causes dust pollution, but also has poor wet traction and high‐heat generation of rubber. Wollastonite is a polar filler, it requires surface modification to improve its hydrophobicity. In this paper, potassium oleate was introduced as an environment‐friendly modifier to decrease the polarity of the wollastonite, and a series of properties of the rubber composites with modified wollastonite replacing different parts of carbon black were studied. The experimental results show that the interfacial contact angle of the modified wollastonite changes from 0° to 51°, resulting in a weaker polarity. When 10 phr PO‐modified wollastonite were used to replace 10 phr carbon black filled with natural rubber, the processing safety is better, the Payne effect is effectively weakened and the rolling resistance is reduced, the tensile product reached 15573.98, which was 12.95% higher than that of the composites filled with full carbon black, resulting in the best comprehensive properties. This study verified the feasibility of replacing part of carbon black with potassium oleate modified wollastonite to prepare “green tire,” reduce the consumption of fossil energy, promote sustainable development, and provide reference for actual industrial production.
Interleukin‐23 Regulates Inflammatory Osteoclastogenesis via Activation of CLEC5A(+) Osteoclast Precursors
Authors: Furuya Hiroki , Nguyen Cuong Thach , Gu Ran , Hsieh Shie‐Liang , Maverakis Emanual , Adamopoulos Iannis E.
Published: February 2023

Objective

To investigate the role of interleukin‐23 (IL‐23) in pathologic bone remodeling in inflammatory arthritis.

Methods

In this study we investigated the role of IL‐23 in osteoclast differentiation and activation using in vivo gene transfer techniques in wild‐type and myeloid DNAX‐activation protein 12–associating lectin‐1 (MDL‐1)–deficient mice, and by performing in vitro and in vivo osteoclastogenesis assays using spectral flow cytometry, micro–computed tomography analysis, Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation.

Results

Herein, we show that IL‐23 induces the expansion of a myeloid osteoclast precursor population and supports osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in inflammatory arthritis. Genetic ablation of C‐type lectin domain family member 5A, also known as MDL‐1, prevents the induction of osteoclast precursors by IL‐23 that is associated with bone destruction, as commonly observed in inflammatory arthritis. Moreover, osteoclasts derived from the bone marrow of MDL‐1–deficient mice showed impaired osteoclastogenesis, and MDL‐1−/− mice had increased bone mineral density.

Conclusion

Our data show that IL‐23 signaling regulates the availability of osteoclast precursors in inflammatory arthritis that could be effectively targeted for the treatment of inflammatory bone loss in inflammatory arthritis.
Information precarity and the agentic practices of marginalized communities: Puerto Rican activists addressing the crisis before, during, and after Hurricane Maria
Authors: Espinoza Vasquez Fatima , Oltmann Shannon M.
Published: February 2023

In this study, we propose that information precarity leads to and perpetuates information marginalization; communities then engage with marginalization with various types of proactive information practices. For this project, we explore how Puerto Ricans activists responded to information precarity before, during, and after Hurricane Maria. We interviewed activists about their experiences navigating the local and federal institutional environment and their information practices. We show that although Puerto Rico suffered catastrophic damage after Hurricane Maria, its already‐weakened infrastructure, coupled with fiscal instability, had created a state of information precarity for many people before the hurricane hit. We also show how Puerto Rican activists engaged in solidarity‐based, anti‐colonial, and anti‐neoliberal information activities. While previous models argue that people respond to marginalization with defensive/protective behavior, we propose people go beyond just responding; they enact their agency, resourcefulness, collective interests, and locally based knowledge to engage in proactive and subversive information practices. We conclude that marginalized actors who are critical of the structures that marginalize them transform their state of precarity into an alternative space where they can achieve their goals.
Preparation of a SiO2@Carbon Sphere/SiO2−CNF Multilayer Self‐standing Anode Prepared via an Alternate Electrospraying – Electrospinning Technique
Authors: Wang Xuhui , Sun Na , Dong Xufeng , Qi Min , Huang Hao
Published: February 2023

The development of flexible lithium‐ion batteries (FLIBs) is restrained by traditional rigidity anodes. Carbon nanofiber (CNF) is a promising anode material owing to its high specific surface and superior ion transportation capability. However, the low amount of active material loaded on the CNFs and the poor stability during long cycling restrain their applications. Herein, a SiO2@carbon sphere/SiO2−CNF self‐standing anode was prepared via alternate electrospraying‐electrospinning. The SiO2 content of the anode was increased through the electrospraying SiO2@carbon spheres layers, and the electrospun SiO2−CNFs as robust layers enhanced the stability of the anode. The self‐standing anode exhibited 633 mA h g−1 in the initial cycle and maintained a 70% Coulomb efficiency for 1000 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1, which could be applied in FLIB and other electrochemical storage devices.
Equivalence‐based instruction to teaching reading by families and teachers students with autism and/or intellectual disabilities
Authors: Benitez Priscila , Domeniconi Camila
Published: February 2023

The study evaluated the learning of computerized equivalence‐based reading instruction in students with intellectual disability and/or autism who attend regular school when exposed to a teaching practices package (teaching practices programmed) conducted by different educational agents (parents, regular classroom teachers, and special education teachers) in school settings and at home. The students were exposed to teaching packages that were applied by educational agents. The study has two hypotheses. First, the involvement of teachers and families in implementing interventions, in the presence of the researcher, may contribute to their learning to read in inclusive classrooms and at home. Secondly, the teaching of reading in Portuguese language may be favored by the direct teaching of syllables. A multiple baseline procedure was used to evaluate the teaching of three sets of words. Students improved from zero reading skills in the pretest to an average of 80% correct responses out of 21 taught words.
FeS2 nanosheets–H2O2–NaHCO3 chemiluminescence method for procaine hydrochloride determination
Authors: Golshani Pariya , Iranifam Mortaza , Al Lawati Haider A. J. , Hassanpour‐Khaneghah Mahdiyeh
Published: February 2023

FeS2 nanosheets (NSs) were produced and exploited as a new catalyst for a chemiluminescence (CL) reaction. The characterization of FeS2 NSs was performed using spectroscopic methods. In this regard, transmission electron microscopy images showed that FeS2 NSs have a length of ~0.5–1 μm. The direct optical band gap energy of FeS2 NSs was found to be 3.45 eV. Prepared FeS2 NSs were used to catalyze the NaHCO3–H2O2 CL reaction. It was found that procaine hydrochloride (PCH) could reduce the intensity of the FeS2 NSs–NaHCO3–H2O2 CL reaction so, with increasing PCH concentrations, the intensity of light emission decreased. Therefore, a simple and sensitive method was introduced to measure PCH with a linear range expanded from 1.00 × 10−6 to 1.00 × 10−3 mol L−1 and an 8.32 × 10−7 mol L−1 limit of detection. Studies related to the effect of foreign species and reaction mechanisms were performed. The application of the approach was verified by quantifying the PCH in the injection.
Thermally stable Sm3+‐doped alkali zinc alumino borosilicate (AZABS) glass for warm white light generation and w‐LED applications
Authors: Bajaj Rajat , Rohilla Pooja , Prasad Aman , Ravita  , Shandilya Ankur , Rao Allam Srinivasa
Published: February 2023

Samarium ion (Sm3+)‐doped alkali zinc alumino borosilicate (AZABS) glass was synthesized via quick melt quench technique. Various spectroscopic studies like optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL) emission, PL excitation, temperature‐dependent PL and PL decay kinetics were performed on the as prepared glass system. Under 402 nm excitation, three sharp bands at wavelengths 563, 599 and 645 nm corresponding to transitions 4G5/2 → 6H5/2, 6H7/2 and 6H9/2, respectively, can be seen in the PL emission spectra. The 0.25 mol% Sm3+ glass has the highest intensity for these emissions. The lanthanide interaction in the glass matrix is dipole–dipole in nature as was proven from Dexter's analysis. The direct bandgap of 0.25 mol% Sm3+‐doped AZABS glass was calculated to be 2.88 eV. The lifetimes of the as prepared glass range from 1.93 ms for the lowest concentration of Sm3+ to 0.75 ms for the highest. From temperature dependent PL studies, the activation energy for 0.25 mol% Sm3+‐doped AZABS glass was found to be 0.19 eV which shows high thermal stability of this glass. We propose to utilize these Sm3+‐doped AZABS glasses for white‐light emitting diodes (w‐LEDs) and solid‐state lighting (SSL) applications.
Electroacupuncture reverses endothelial cell death and promotes angiogenesis through the VEGF/Notch signaling pathway after focal cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhang Wenyu , Han Lin , Wen Yan , Su Lixian , Li Yibing , Luo Xudong
Published: February 2023

Background

Angiogenesis is an important mechanism of recovery from ischemic stroke. Recent studies have found that there is a close relationship between the VEGF/Notch pathway and angiogenesis. It is unknown whether EA can exert a brain protection effect and promote angiogenesis by acting on the VEGF/Notch signaling pathway after focal cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury (CIRI).

Methods

The Middle Cerebral Artery occlusion/Reperfusion (MCAo/R) model was established, in which rats were subjected to occlusion with ischemic intervention for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 8 h, 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days. The first EA treatment was performed 90 min after the animal model was successfully established, and then EA treatments were performed once a day for 7 days. The 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and neurological deficit examination were performed to assess the level of CIRI and neuroprotection by EA. Expression levels of VEGFA, Notch1, and Hes1 proteins were measured via western blotting, while the morphological changes of ECs and microvasculature in the cortex were determined using an ultrastructural observation method.

Results

EA treatment of PC6, GV26, and SP6 can significantly improve the neurological function of MCAO/R rats, reduce the volume of cerebral infarction, and modulate the ultrastructure of ECs and microvessels in pathological states. Western blotting revealed that EA increased VEGFA protein expression at 8 h and 3 days after CIRI, as well as Notch1 protein expression at 1 and 7 days. Subsequently, EA activated the VEGF/Notch pathway, increasing the expression of the downstream target protein Hes1, reversing EC death, and promoting angiogenesis.

Conclusion

Our findings showed that EA plays a role in promoting angiogenesis following focal CIRI, and we hypothesized that this was due to the regulation of ECs by the EA‐activated VEGF/Notch signaling pathway.
ARID3A plays a key regulatory role in palmitic acid‐stimulated milk fat synthesis in mouse mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Guo Xudong , Qi Hao , Lin Gang , Yu Jiaxiao , Zhang Minghui , Gao Xuejun
Published: February 2023

Palmitic acid (PA) can stimulate milk fat synthesis in mammary gland, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. In our research, we aim to explore the role and corresponding mechanism of AT‐rich interaction domain 3A (ARID3A) in milk fat synthesis stimulated by PA. We found that ARID3A protein level in mouse mammary gland tissues during lactation was much higher than that during puberty and involution. ARID3A knockdown and gene activation showed that ARID3A stimulated the synthesis of triglycerides and cholesterol in HC11 cells, secretion of free fatty acids from cells and lipid droplet formation in cells. ARID3A also promoted the expression and maturation of SREBP1 in HC11 cells. PA stimulated ARID3A protein expression and SREBP1 expression and maturation in a dose‐dependent manner, and the PI3K specific inhibitor LY294002 blocked the stimulation of PA on ARID3A expression. ARID3A knockdown blocked the stimulation of PA on SREBP1 protein expression and maturation. We further showed that ARID3A was localized in the nucleus and PA stimulated this localization, and ARID3A knockdown blocked the stimulation of PA on the mRNA expression of SREBP1. To sum up, our data reveal that ARID3A is a key mediator for PA to promote SREBP1 mRNA expression and stimulate milk fat synthesis in mammary epithelial cells.
Commentary: Plaque burden estimated from optical coherence tomography with Deep Learning: In‐vivo validation using coregistered intravascular ultrasound
Authors: Alasnag Mirvat
Published: February 2023

Key Points

Visibility of the media poses a challenge to accurate evaluation of plaque by conventional optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Deep Learning algorithms are reliable for the assessment of plaque burden using OCT.

Larger studies are necessary to validate such algorithms.
Synthesis and Applications of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl and Azabicyclo[1.1.0]butyl Organometallics
Authors: Tyler Jasper L. , Aggarwal Varinder K.
Published: February 2023

The use of metalated (aza)bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes in synthesis is currently experiencing a renaissance, as evidenced by the numerous reports in the last 5 years that have relied on such intermediates to undergo unique transformations or generate novel fragments. Since their discovery, these species have been demonstrated to participate in a wide range of reactions with carbon and heteroatom electrophiles, as well as metal complexes, to facilitate the rapid diversification of (aza)bicyclo[1.1.0]butane‐containing compounds. Key to this is the relative acidity of the bridgehead C−H bonds which promotes facile deprotonation and subsequent functionalization of an unsubstituted position on the carbon framework via the intermediacy of a metalated (aza)bicyclo[1.1.0]butane. Additionally, the late‐stage incorporation of deuterium atoms in strained fragments has led to the elucidation of numerous reaction mechanisms that involve strained bicycles. The continued investigation into the inimitable reactivity of metalated bicycles will cement their importance within the field of organometallic chemistry.
Recent Progress in Artificial Structural Colors and their Applications in Fibers and Textiles
Authors: Li Run , Zhang Shiliang , Zhang Rufan
Published: February 2023

Structural colors have been regarded as an ideal alternative to pigments because of the advantages of environmental friendliness, resistance to fading, especially in the fields of textile dyeing and printing, which is highly polluted in traditional ways and needs to be upgraded. They are generated by the interaction between the micro/nano structure of the material surface and the incident light, which is closely related to the sizes and periods of the structures. Based on different nano arrangements, the structures can be roughly divided into photonic crystals and non‐photonic crystals. In this review, we summarized recent research progress in structural coloration of fibers and textiles. Learning from nature, researchers proposed various methods to fabricate biomimetic structural colors, and the applications of structural colored fibers and textiles were extended. The challenges and perspectives were also presented. Hopefully, reference for the design and preparation of structural color‐based textiles can be inspired.
Understanding the role of access in Hispanic cancer screening disparities
Authors: Spencer Jennifer C. , Noel Lailea , Shokar Navkiran K. , Pignone Michael P.
Published: February 2023

Background

Hispanic populations in the United States experience numerous barriers to care access. It is unclear how cancer screening disparities between Hispanic and non‐Hispanic White individuals are explained by access to care, including having a usual source of care and health insurance coverage.

Methods

A secondary analysis of the 2019 National Health Interview Survey was conducted and included respondents who were sex‐ and age‐eligible for cervical (n = 8316), breast (n = 6025), or colorectal cancer screening (n = 11,313). The proportion of ever screened and up to date for each screening type was compared.  Regression models evaluated whether controlling for reporting a usual source of care and type of health insurance (public, private, none) attenuated disparities between Hispanics and non‐Hispanic White individuals.

Results

Hispanic individuals were less likely than non‐Hispanic White individuals to be up to date with cervical cancer screening (71.6% vs. 74.6%) and colorectal cancer screening (52.9% vs. 70.3%), but up‐to‐date screening was similar for breast cancer (78.8% vs. 76.3%). Hispanic individuals (vs. non‐Hispanic White) were less likely to have a usual source of care (77.9% vs. 86.0%) and more likely to be uninsured (23.6% vs. 7.1%). In regressions, insurance fully attenuated cervical cancer disparities. Controlling for both usual source of care and insurance type explained approximately half of the colorectal cancer screening disparities (adjusted risk difference: −8.3 [–11.2 to –4.8]).

Conclusion

Addressing the high rate of uninsurance among Hispanic individuals could mitigate cancer screening disparities. Future research should build on the relative successes of breast cancer screening and investigate additional barriers for colorectal cancer screening.

Plain language summary

This study uses data from a national survey to compare cancer screening use those who identify as Hispanic with those who identify as non‐Hispanic White.

Those who identify as Hispanic are much less likely to be up to date with colorectal cancer screening than those who identify as non‐Hispanic White, slightly less likely to be up to date on cervical cancer screening, and similarly likely to receive breast cancer screening.

Improving insurance coverage is important for health equity, as is further exploring what drives higher use of breast cancer screening and lower use of colorectal cancer screening.
Nucleus Independent Chemical Shift (NICS) at Small Distances from the Molecular Plane: The Effect of Electron Density
Authors: Stanger Amnon
Published: February 2023

When close to the molecular plane, the behavior of nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) as a function of the distance from the molecular plane deviates from its behavior at larger distances. By using a dense grid of NICS‐probes (BQs) it is shown that, when close to the molecular plane, maximal (absolute) NICS values are obtained above the atoms. These maxima move towards the center as the grid is elevated until the (absolute) maximum NICS is obtained at the center and stay there when the grid is further elevated. It is shown that this behavior is a result of the current density, which is influenced by the electron density, according to the Biot‐Savart law, which, in turn, causes the induced magnetic field measured by the NICS. It is thus concluded that if magnetic aromaticity is studied, the NICS calculations should be carried out at a large enough distance so that only the π‐ring current affects the NICS. At distances ≥2 Å, NICS(r)π,zz=A+B*Cr. Using non‐linear correlation for obtaining A, B and C and extrapolate to NICS(1)π,zz and NICS(1.7)π,zz is recommended as measures for aromaticity.
Gold Triangular Nanoprisms: Anisotropic Plasmonic Materials with Unique Structures and Properties
Authors: Wang Jiangming , Fang Weina , Liu Huajie
Published: February 2023

As a novel type of anisotropic inorganic nanomaterials, gold triangular nanoprisms (AuTNPs) have been widely studied for their well‐defined structures and excellent plasmonic properties. This review starts with synthetic methodology, combing through the early thermal solution method to the mature seed‐mediated method and seedless method. The possible mechanisms proposed by predecessors and the problems needed to be solved are also arranged. Along with this, the important morphological evolution process of AuTNPs during synthesis and post‐synthesis stages are revealed, which is of great significance for further understanding the structure of AuTNPs and developing new synthesis strategies. Finally, the applications of AuTNPs, especially associated with plasmonic properties, are listed and summarized where surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), catalysis, phototherapy and biosensor are included, so that researchers can quickly comprehend the current situation, and provide a basis for further development and exploration of AuTNPs.
Grip strength, gait speed, and trajectories of cognitive function in community‐dwelling older adults: A prospective study
Authors: Wu Zimu , Woods Robyn L. , Chong Trevor T.‐J. , Orchard Suzanne G. , Shah Raj C. , Wolfe Rory , Storey Elsdon , Sheets Kerry M. , Murray Anne M. , McNeil John J. , Ryan Joanne
Published: February 2023

Introduction

This study investigated whether grip strength and gait speed predict cognitive aging trajectories and examined potential sex‐specific associations.

Methods

Community‐dwelling older adults (n = 19,114) were followed for up to 7 years, with regular assessment of global function, episodic memory, psychomotor speed, and executive function. Group‐based multi‐trajectory modeling identified joint cognitive trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression examined the association of grip strength and gait speed at baseline with cognitive trajectories.

Results

High performers (14.3%, n = 2298) and low performers (4.0%, n = 642) were compared to the average performers (21.8%, n = 3492). Grip strength and gait speed were positively associated with high performance and negatively with low performance (P‐values < 0.01). The association between grip strength and high performance was stronger in women (interaction P < 0.001), while gait speed was a stronger predictor of low performance in men (interaction P < 0.05).

Discussion

Grip strength and gait speed are associated with cognitive trajectories in older age, but with sex differences.

Highlights

There is inter‐individual variability in late‐life cognitive trajectories.

Grip strength and gait speed predicted cognitive trajectories in older age.

However, sex‐specific associations were identified.

In women, grip strength strongly predicted high, compared to average, trajectory.

In men, gait speed was a stronger predictor of low cognitive performance trajectory.
Use of mechanical circulatory support in patients with non‐ischaemic cardiogenic shock
Authors: Schrage Benedikt , Sundermeyer Jonas , Beer Benedikt Norbert , Bertoldi Letizia , Bernhardt Alexander , Blankenberg Stefan , Dauw Jeroen , Dindane Zouhir , Eckner Dennis , Eitel Ingo , Graf Tobias , Horn Patrick , Kirchhof Paulus , Kluge Stefan , Linke Axel , Landmesser Ulf , Luedike Peter , Lüsebrink Enzo , Mangner Norman , Maniuc Octavian , Winkler Sven Möbius , Nordbeck Peter , Orban Martin , Pappalardo Federico , Pauschinger Matthias , Pazdernik Michal , Proudfoot Alastair , Kelham Matthew , Rassaf Tienush , Reichenspurner Hermann , Scherer Clemens , Schulze Paul Christian , Schwinger Robert H.G. , Skurk Carsten , Sramko Marek , Tavazzi Guido , Thiele Holger , Villanova Luca , Morici Nuccia , Wechsler Antonia , Westenfeld Ralf , Winzer Ephraim , Westermann Dirk
Published: February 2023

Aims

Despite its high incidence and mortality risk, there is no evidence‐based treatment for non‐ischaemic cardiogenic shock (CS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) for non‐ischaemic CS treatment.

Methods and results

In this multicentre, international, retrospective study, data from 890 patients with non‐ischaemic CS, defined as CS due to severe de‐novo or acute‐on‐chronic heart failure with no need for urgent revascularization, treated with or without active MCS, were collected. The association between active MCS use and the primary endpoint of 30‐day mortality was assessed in a 1:1 propensity‐matched cohort. MCS was used in 386 (43%) patients. Patients treated with MCS presented with more severe CS (37% vs. 23% deteriorating CS, 30% vs. 25% in extremis CS) and had a lower left ventricular ejection fraction at baseline (21% vs. 25%). After matching, 267 patients treated with MCS were compared with 267 patients treated without MCS. In the matched cohort, MCS use was associated with a lower 30‐day mortality (hazard ratio 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.59–0.97). This finding was consistent through all tested subgroups except when CS severity was considered, indicating risk reduction especially in patients with deteriorating CS. However, complications occurred more frequently in patients with MCS; e.g. severe bleeding (16.5% vs. 6.4%) and access‐site related ischaemia (6.7% vs. 0%).

Conclusion

In patients with non‐ischaemic CS, MCS use was associated with lower 30‐day mortality as compared to medical therapy only, but also with more complications. Randomized trials are needed to validate these findings.
Oxo‐Bridged Zr Dimers as Well‐defined Models of Oxygen Vacancies on ZrO2
Authors: Wimmer Erik J. , Klostermann Sina V. , Ringenberg Mark , Kästner Johannes , Estes Deven P.
Published: February 2023

While ZrO2 is known to have a large effect on the activity and selectivity of the Cu/ZrO2 catalyst for methanol synthesis, its role in this process is poorly understood. Surface defects such as oxygen vacancies could play a role in the strong metal‐support interaction (SMSI) between Cu and ZrO2. However, due to the complexity of the surfaces, the exact molecular nature of this interaction is not at present known. Here, we make well‐defined models of both reduced and coordinatively unsaturated surface oxygen vacancies on ZrO2 using the molecular precursor [Cp2ZrCl]2(μ2‐O) (1). Complex 1 can be reduced to form a complex (2) containing one Zr(III) center and a bridging hydride ligand (according to EPR and IR spectroscopy) derived from C−H activation of either thf or the Cp ring. Complex 2 reacts with CO2 to largely produce CO, suggesting that surface defects with similar structures probably do not play a role in the industrial catalyst. Halide abstraction from complex 1 results in the Lewis acidic species 3, which has similar Lewis acid properties to acidic defects on the ZrO2 surface. Similarities of both of these model species to real surface oxygen vacancies and their role in the catalytic reaction are discussed.
Heterometallic Uranyl (Hydroxyethyl)iminodiacetic Acid (Heidi) Complexes: Molecular Models for U(VI) Uptake in Complex Media
Authors: Jahinge Tiron H. L. , Unruh Daniel K. , Forbes Tori Z.
Published: February 2023

Amidoximated absorbents (AO‐PAN) effectively remove U(VI) from aqueous solution, but previous studies reported more variability for complex natural waters that contain additional confounding ions and molecules. Ternary phases containing U(VI), M(III) (M=Fe(III), Al(III), Ga(III)), and organic molecules exist under these conditions and cause heterogeneous U(VI) uptake on AO‐PAN. The goal of the current study is to provide additional insights into the structural features ternary complexes using N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐iminodiacetic acid (HEIDI) as the model organic chelator and explore the relevance of these species on U(VI) capture. Three model compounds ([(UO2)(Fe)2(μ3‐O)(C6NO5H8)2(H2O)4] (UFe2), ([(UO2)(Al)2(μ2‐OH)(C6NO5H8)2(H2O)3] (UAl2) and [(UO2)(Ga)2(μ2‐OH)(C6NO5H8)2(H2O)3] (UGa2)) were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Raman spectra of the model compounds were compared with solution data and the ternary phases were noted in the case of Al(III) and Ga(III), but not in the Fe(III) system. U(VI) adsorption onto AO‐PAN was not impacted by the presence of HEIDI or the trivalent metal species.
Highly Chemoselective One‐Step Synthesis of Novel N‐Substituted‐Pyrrolo[3,4‐b]quinoline‐1,3‐diones via Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation/Carbonylative Cyclisation Sequence
Authors: Chniti Sami , Kollár László , Bényei Attila , Dörnyei Ágnes , Takács Attila
Published: February 2023

Novel N‐substituted pyrrolo[3,4‐b]quinoline‐1,3‐diones have been prepared via a highly chemoselective palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative imidazation‐cyclization reaction in a one‐pot synthetic approach. This methodology, which has been applied for the first time to access such original scaffolds through two different protocols involving 3‐bromo‐2‐iodoquinoline, as a typical partner, primary amines, and atmospheric or high carbon monoxide pressure (20 bar), has shown an excellent tolerance for many functional groups. The use of bidentate ligands such as XantPhos and dppp, either under atmospheric or high‐pressure conditions, provides a wide range of carbonylated compounds in good to excellent yields (up to 82 %). Furthermore, some new quinoline‐2,3‐dicarboxamides have been isolated as side products in very low yields and have been fully characterized. The solid state structures of three of the synthesized acridinimides have been unequivocally established by single‐crystal XRD analysis.
Experimental study of shock pressure and erosion characteristics of high‐pressure gas–liquid two‐phase jet: Exploration for improving coalbed methane extraction efficiency
Authors: Shu Longyong , Fan Yongpeng , Yang Yunlong , Song Xin , Guo Haijun
Published: February 2023

Coalbed methane extraction promotes energy exploitation and alleviates the greenhouse effect. This study aimed to analyze the technical potential of a high‐pressure gas–liquid two‐phase jet in increasing coalbed permeability and promoting coalbed methane extraction. A well‐designed experimental setup was used to investigate the erosion characteristics of a high‐pressure gas–liquid two‐phase jet. Through the shock pressure monitoring and erosion tests of the jet, the effects of pump pressure, mixer structure, and nozzle structure on the shock pressure and rock‐breaking performance were studied, and the rock‐breaking mechanism of the high‐pressure gas–liquid two‐phase jet was examined. The results showed that the nonuniformity of mixing and the expansibility of high‐pressure gas continually alters high‐pressure gas–liquid two‐phase jets between single and multiple streams, which makes the jet show obvious pulse effects and considerably improves the rock‐breaking performance. Furthermore, reasonable air pump pressure and water pump pressure settings significantly increase the shock area, whereas the maximum shock pressure only decreases slightly. Although the shock pressure of a high‐pressure gas–liquid two‐phase jet decreases with the increase in air pump pressure, its shock efficiency first increases and then decreases with the increase in air pump pressure. To improve the erosion efficiency of a high‐pressure gas–liquid two‐phase jet, the settings of the air pump pressure and water pump pressure is crucial, but the optimal air pump pressure differs for different water pump pressures. Additionally, the greater the angle between the gas and liquid inlets, the greater the energy loss of the fluid during the mixing. Finally, the rock‐breaking performance showed that the optimal nozzle structure is the single‐cone nozzle.
Application of biomarkers in characterization of organic matter source, maturity and palaeoredox condition of black shales from the upper Permian Dalong Formation in Southern Anhui Province, South China
Authors: Ding Jianghui , Sun Jinsheng , Nie Haikuan , Yang Xiangtong , Ye Yu , Shi Gang , Wang Ruyi , Huang Bo , Li Huili
Published: February 2023

The organic‐rich shale in the upper Permian Dalong Formation in Southern Anhui Province is not only regarded as a high‐quality hydrocarbon source rock, but one of the potential targets for shale oil and gas exploration in Southern China. Organic matter types in such a setting remain a subject of debate. The major point of controversy is whether they are dominated by oil‐prone types or gas‐prone types. A total of 20 rock samples collected from Gangdi‐1 well were conducted for analysis of organic geochemistry. Results show that Dalong Formation shale extracts exhibit a wide range of C12‐C35 n‐alkanes and acyclic isoprenoids. The chromatograms display an unimodal distribution with carbon peak in the range of nC18‐nC22 and low quantities of long‐chain (nC25+) n‐alkanes. Relatively high ratios of nC21‐/nC22+ and C27/C29 regular steranes demonstrate that organic matter is mainly originated from lower aquatic organisms and followed by higher plants in a local area. This is also supported by the variations of the δ13C values of C13‐C26 n‐alkanes for the target samples being in the range of 3.0‰–5.6‰ offset, which is slightly higher than the corresponding value (1.6‰) of n‐alkanes from a single source. All these pieces of information decipher that the organic matter in Dalong Formation shale may be dominated by type I and followed by type II1. Moreover, the maturity proxies according to both organic petrography (Ro and Tmax) and biomarkers such as ratios of C29 20 S/(20 S + 20R) and C29 ββ/(αα + ββ) together indicate that organic matter in Dalong Formation shale is in a mature stage of hydrocarbon generation. Furthermore, a cross‐plot of total organic carbon versus total sulphur as well as Pr/Ph ratio and Pr/nC17‐Ph/nC18 diagram elucidates that Dalong Formation shales were mainly formed in a marine reducing environment. Finally, two depositional models of organic matter enrichment are proposed. The abundant lower aquatic organisms with few terrestrial detrital inputs and the reducing water environment together promote organic matter accumulation.
Benefits and barriers to engagement of mental health caregivers in advisory roles: Results from a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Clark Cynthia , Dorland Alexis , Jaworska Natalia , McQuaid Robyn J. , Langlois Michèle , Dzierszinski Florence
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims

Mental health institutions and community organizations have had difficulty recruiting patients and caregivers onto their Patient, Family, and Community Advisory Committees (PFACs). Previous research has focused on barriers and enablers of engaging patients and caregivers who have advisory experience. This study acknowledges the experiential difference between patients and caregivers by focusing only on caregivers; further, we compare the barriers and enablers between advising versus non‐advising caregivers of loved ones with mental illness.

Methods

Data from a cross‐sectional survey codesigned by researchers, staff, clients, and caregiver affiliated with a tertiary mental health center were completed by n = 84 caregivers (n = 40 past/current PFAC advising caregivers; n = 44 non‐advising caregivers).

Results

Caregivers were disproportionately female and late middle‐aged. Advising and non‐advising caregivers differed on employment status. There were no differences of the demographics of their care‐recipients. More non‐advising caregivers reported being hindered from PFAC engagement by family‐related duties and interpersonal demands. Finally, more advising caregivers considered being publicly acknowledged as important.

Conclusions

Advising and non‐advising caregivers of loved ones with mental illness were similar in demographics and in reporting the enablers and hindrances that impact PFAC engagement. Nevertheless, our data highlights specific considerations that institutions/organizations should consider when recruiting and retaining caregivers on PFACs.

Patient or Public Contribution

This project was led by a caregiver advisor to address a need she saw in the community. The surveys were codesigned by a team of two caregivers, one patient, and one researcher. The surveys were reviewed by a group of five caregivers external to the project. The results of the surveys were discussed with two caregivers involved directly with the project.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide alters body composition and ameliorates metabolic disorders induced by a high‐fat diet
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhu Wenjuan , Wang Meng , Xi Pengjiao , Wang Haomin , Tian Derun
Published: February 2023

Obesity is caused by an imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure, leading to excessive adipose tissue accumulation. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an important molecule in energy and signal transduction, and NAD+ supplementation therapy is a new treatment for obesity in recent years. Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is an energy metabolism regulator. The relationship between NAD+ and LKB1 has only been studied in the heart and has not yet been reported in obesity. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), as a direct precursor of NAD+, can effectively enhance the level of NAD+. In the current study, we showed that NMN intervention altered body composition in obese mice, characterized by a reduction in fat mass and an increase in lean mass. NMN reversed high‐fat diet‐induced blood lipid levels then contributed to reducing hepatic steatosis. NMN also improved glucose tolerance and alleviated adipose tissue inflammation. Moreover, our data suggested that NMN supplementation may be depends on the NAD+/SIRT6/LKB1 pathway to regulate brown adipose metabolism. These results provided new evidence for NMN in obesity treatment.
Reducing problematic social media use via a package intervention
Authors: Stinson Lesleigh , Dallery Jesse
Published: February 2023

Problematic social media use can be characterized as that which interferes with relationships, work, school, or sleep. Currently, there are no empirically supported treatments for reducing problematic social media use. We tested a package intervention to reduce the daily duration of social media use measured by a smartphone application with nine undergraduate students who scored as “addicted” to social media via a version of the Internet Addiction Test. The package intervention included contingency management, automated notifications of application use, and the selection of alternative activities. The package intervention was effective at reducing the daily duration of social media use to goal levels, or below, for all participants. Eight out of nine participants showed a decrease in their Internet Addiction Test scores from pre‐ to postintervention, and overall, participants did not show an increase in the time spent engaged in their selected alternative activities. These findings demonstrate that social media use is amenable to behavioral treatment.
On hidden anisotropy of formally charged fragments
Authors: Shaimardanov Arslan R. , Shulga Dmitry A. , Palyulin Vladimir A.
Published: February 2023

The proper and precise reproduction of the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) is crucial to describe correctly electrostatic interactions in molecular modeling. Most of the classical molecular mechanics force fields for biomolecules and drug‐like molecules use the atom‐centered point charges to describe MEP. However, it has been systematically pointed out in literature that such an approximation is not always enough, and some groups, like amino group or heavy halogens, require the use of anisotropic model for better description of their MEP. At the same time, the formally charged groups have not been as extensively and systematically studied as their neutral counterparts. In this report, we demonstrate that the anisotropic models for formally charged groups do bring improvements in the reference MEP reproduction, that are comparable in magnitude to those for neutral groups.
Basic sonographic examination of the fetal brain at 11–13 weeks' gestation: Rationale for a simple and reliable four‐step technique
Authors: Sepulveda Waldo , Garcia‐Rodriguez Raquel , Martinez‐Ten Pilar , Tonni Gabriele , Grisolia Gianpaolo , Meagher Simon
Published: February 2023

The widespread incorporation of first‐trimester scanning between 11 and 13 weeks' gestation has shifted from the screening of chromosomal abnormalities, mainly by measuring nuchal translucency thickness and visualization of the nasal bone, to a more detailed study of the fetal anatomy leading to early detection of several structural congenital anomalies. This goal can be improved by the routine and focused sonographic assessment of specific anatomic planes and the identification of distinctive landmarks that can help disclosing a particular, non‐evident condition. In this article we present the basis for a basic, early examination of the fetal brain during screening using a four‐step technique, which can be readily incorporated during the first‐trimester scan. The technique includes the focused visualization of the cranial contour, choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles and midline, aqueduct of Sylvius, brainstem, fourth ventricle, and the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle. The rationale for this approach is presented and discussed.
Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in treating immune‐related hepatitis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor use: A retrospective study
Authors: Kadokawa Yukio , Inoue Satoko , Tatsumi Akitoshi , Uchida Mayako , Fujita Keiko , Takagi Mari , Inoue Takako , Ohe Shuichi , Nakai Yasutomo , Otsuka Tomoyuki , Abe Yutaro , Nakabori Tasuku , Isei Taiki , Kumagai Toru , Nishimura Kazuo , Ohkawa Kazuyoshi
Published: February 2023

Background and Aim

To investigate the outcomes in eight Japanese patients with cancer treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and corticosteroids for immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment‐induced severe immune‐related hepatitis (ir‐hepatitis) and the efficacy and safety of MMF.

Methods

We retrospectively examined patient background, treatment course, as well as examination and imaging data using electronic medical records.

Results

The ratio of male to female patients was 7:1, and the median age was 60 years (27–72 years). There were five and two cases of kidney cancer and malignant melanoma, respectively, and one case of lung cancer. The median number of days until MMF administration in addition to systemic corticosteroid therapy after the onset of ir‐hepatitis was 14.5 (2–42). The patients were categorized as four “good responders” who showed an improvement in the liver function tests following MMF treatment and four “poor responders” who did not. Furthermore, the time from the onset of ir‐hepatitis to initial MMF administration was significantly shorter in good responders (median 3 days, range 2–15 days) than in poor responders (median 25.5 days, range 14–42 days) (P = 0.042). No significant intergroup difference was observed in other clinical factors. No serious adverse events caused by MMF were observed in any case.

Conclusions

According to these findings, early recognition of corticosteroid refractoriness and the use of MMF may be beneficial in patients with ir‐hepatitis.
Dissecting the molecular profiling and tumor immune microenvironment of three subtypes of esophageal cancer
Authors: Yu Chaoqun , Xi Yong , Zhang Peng , He Ningning , Shen Weiyu
Published: February 2023

Background

Great improvements have been made in the prognosis of esophageal cancer (ESCA) with the application of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. However, the majority of cases remain resistant to these regimens. Hence there is an urgent need to characterize the subtypes of ESCA with favorable survival outcome and drug responsiveness.

Methods

We characterized the malignant cells of ESCA and explored their communication with immune cells using the Cellchat algorithm. The ligand–receptor interaction pairs were then used as inputting information to identify the subtypes of ESCA by unsupervised clustering analysis. Further investigation aimed to dissect the different patterns of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), tumor mutation burden, immunotherapy responsiveness and drug sensitivity among the various subtypes of ESCA. A nomogram was also constructed to predict the survival rate of ESCA patients by conducting Cox regression and decision curve analysis.

Results

Three subtypes were identified based on the ligand–receptor interaction pairs. Patients in cluster 2 showed a longer survival time and less likelihood of response to immunotherapy compared with cluster 1 or 3. Eight hub genes were screened to construct a prognostic signature, which can stratify patients well into high‐ and low‐risk groups with distinct survival outcomes and drug sensitivities. The nomogram showed quite good performance in predicting patient survival rates of 1 and 3 years.

Conclusion

This study characterized the molecular profiling and TIME patterns of three subtypes of ESCA. The relative findings will provide emergent insights for the treatment of ESCA.
Identifying methods to best integrate indigenous knowledge and perspectives within the radiation therapy undergraduate curriculum
Authors: Naidoo Thashmira , Chamunyonga Crispen , Burbery Julie , Rutledge Peta
Published: February 2023

The Australian healthcare system continues to work towards close the gap to improve and achieve equality in health and life expectancy for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. When culturally safe practice is forefront, it may be the driving force in improving Indigenous Australian healthcare outcomes. For students and practitioners to be equipped with the industry‐required cultural safety skills, we believe Indigenous Australian knowledge and perspectives must be effectively integrated into undergraduate education. A scoping review of the literature was conducted to identify the most effective teaching and learning methods and assessment tools to best integrate Indigenous knowledge and perspectives into undergraduate radiation therapy curriculum at Queensland University of Technology (QUT). Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and PubMed‐Medline were searched to access peer‐reviewed studies published between 2017 and 2022. A total of 591 articles were identified with 39 full‐text articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Methods of teaching and learning and independent assessment tools that promote cultural capability in undergraduate education were identified. Findings included intensive patient‐specific workshops, which were reported to provide students with an immersive learning experience, better preparing them for clinical placements and future practice. Additionally, other allied healthcare professions have utilised tools such as the Cultural Capability Management Tool (CCMT) and Trans‐Cultural Self‐Efficacy Tool (TSET) to quantitatively assess positive shifts and highlight developmental needs. These findings will inform current educational endeavours to promote cultural safety and the cultural capability continuum in the undergraduate radiation therapy curriculum.