bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of transformation of degraded peat soils in Western Polissya of Ukraine
Authors: Havryliuk V.A. , Valetska O.V. , Koliada O.V. , Bortnik A. M. , Korotynskyi D. V.
Published: October 2019

The results of the study of the regularities of the transformation of peat soils (Fibric Histosols Dystric) of Western Polissia of Ukraine are presented. The regional character of the development of peat soils are illustrated by the Kopaivska drainage system (the village of Pishcha, Shatskyi district, Volyn oblast). The criteria for assessing the agroecological sustainability of peatlands subjected to degradation are proposed. Indicators rang together with scoring system are suggested. Route field expeditions were conducted during 2012-2015.

The specific features of changes in agroecological and agrochemical indicators of degraded peat soils are established. The following parametres were investigated bogging, state of the soil surface and cover crop, erosional feature, skeleton soil profile, gritty consistency, number of stumps and wood, depth of humus-accumulated horizons, organic carbon content, mineral nitrogen, labile phosphorus and potassium compounds, radionuclide contamination, ignition loss, soil reaction.

The change of the main diagnostic signs of the agroecological state of degraded peat soils is revealed. The results indicate a change in the degree of degradation from moderate to severe. According to the results of observations, during the years under investigation, there have been significant changes in agrochemical parameters of fire-induced soil. This is due to the variability of meteorological conditions. In particular, there was an increase in the content of organic carbon and mineral nitrogen compounds, in the content of mobile potassium compounds, an increase in the acidity of the soil and radionuclide contamination. Based on the results obtained, measures are proposed to restore the processes of peat formation, their water regimes, and the elimination of fire-induced occurrence. We propose to carry out renaturation and creation of a raw material zone for the production of alternative fuel and energy resources and solid types of fertilizers.
Complex application of biopreparates and growth stimulants in the conditions of the Left-bank Forest-Steppe
Authors: Soroka Yu.V. , Tarariko Yu.O. , Saydak R.V.
Published: October 2019

The influence of joint use of agrochemicals (plant growth regulators, liquid complex fertilizers and bacterial preparations) on the formation of productivity elements and yields of a number of agricultural crops: spring barley, corn, sunflower.

In carrying out the work, conventional methods of research were used: field, laboratory, analytical-computational, comparative and systemic generalization of the results obtained.

As a result of the research, rational ways of joint use of plant growth regulators, liquid complex fertilizers and bacterial preparations have been determined. It has been established that the joint use of agrochemicals on spring barley raises yields by 10-19%, on corn to 17% and on sunflower to 11%. The significant economic effect of the proposed technological solution is proved.
Effectively vichoristan of the dryings of organogenic grants in the system of organizational masterry
Authors: Slyusar I.T. , Serbenyuk V.A. , V E.P.
Published: October 2019

The results of scientific researches on the cultivation of annual crops and perennial grasses in the system of organic farming on dehydrated organogenic soils are presented. Research has found that the basic conditions of growing crops in these circumstances is the water regime of the soil during the growing season in the optimal range for each crop, the use of old plowed soil organic grassland in rotation with annual crops inclusion in the structure of sown area of about 30%; sowing of grass mixtures of perennial grasses with different periods of maturation; carrying out plowing plowing on peat-glued soils with the plowing of the underlying mineral rock by 8-10 cm and enriching it with the peat horizon; introduction of growth stimulators with micronutrients such as gumysol and rubber fibers;
Ecologically recoverable models of farming biology in Ukraine
Authors: Degodyuk S.E.
Published: October 2019

The article presents the modern vision of the development of biologization of agriculture by restoring natural landscapes and agrocenoses in the basins of small rivers of Ukraine with carrying out works on the restoration of the channels, floodplains and watershed basins with the implementation of agro-, chemo-, bio- and phytomelioration. The prospects of implementation of energy-saving and nature-compatible agricultural systems on the restored landscapes, ensuring the cultivation of toxicological products of plant growing, are determined. The universal application of organo-mineral bioactive fertilizers as natural complexes that meet the needs of mineral nutrition of plants for both traditional and organic farming systems is determined.
Theoretical bases of ecological optimization of agrolandscapes of the Kiev region
Authors: Ostapchuk L.V.
Published: October 2019

Theoretical bases of ecological optimization of agrolandscapes of the Kiev region in conditions of intensification of agrarian production are offered. Environmental optimization vkljuchaet konservatsyyu dehradyrovannыh and maloproduktyvnыh land lukopasovyschnyh transformation agreement, regeneration marsh, restoration of existing and the creation novyh lesopolos and others. The implementation of the proposed measures will help to create balanced land use systems, increase land productivity and stop the processes of soil degradation.
Productivity of sugar beets depending on the method of main soil tillage and levels of fertilization
Authors: Tyrus M. L.
Published: October 2019

Soil tillage and fertilization level are important in the system of agro-technical measures that increase soil fertility and sugar beets productivity. Today the cultivation of this crop requires a great deal of expense, therefore, there is a need for a wider study of the use of cheap soil cultivation, soil protection, energy-saving soil tillage technologies and appropriate ferti-lization levels.

Under western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine conditions, investigations were conducted on dark grey podzolic light loamy soils where the influence of tillage models and fertilization levels on the formation of sugar beets root crops was studied.

Shallow no-plow tillage of the soil on 14-16 cm is expedient to use as a main tillage under sugar beets. Under favorable weather and climatic conditions, it can provide yielding capacity at the level of deep fall plowing. The use of shallow no-plow tillage helped to increase the yielding capacity of sugar beet roots relative to plowing by 28-30 cm for 1.3 t / ha and the biological sugar output – for 0.2 t / ha. Then the sugar content was by 0.1% higher in the application of deep fall plowing on 28-30 cm.

The optimization of the system of sugar beets fertilization allows ensuring the growth of the yielding capacity of root crops. It is established that the application of fertilizer norm N300P225K350 provides the yielding capacity at the level of 90 t / ha. The sugar content of root crops at the given fertilizer rate was the lowest in the experiment - 16.5 – 16.6%. Thanks to the high yielding capacity of root crops in terms of N300P225K350, the sugar harvesting was the highest and depending on the method of basic soil tillage was 14.95 – 14.79 t / ha. That is in 3.2 times more as to the control, in 1.3 times more than the norm of N180P135K210 and in 1.1 more than the fertilization level N240P180K280.
Influence of meteorological factors on potato yield in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-steppe
Authors: Myalkovsky R.O.
Published: October 2019

Goal. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of meteorological factors on potato yield in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods.Field, analytical and statistical. Results.It was established that among the mid-range varieties Divo stands out with a yield of 42.3 t/ha, Malin white – 39.8 t/ha, and Legend – 37.1 t/ ha. The most favourable weather and climatic conditions for the production of potato tubers were for the Divo 2011 variety with a yield of 45.9 t/ha and 2013 – 45.1 t/ha. For the Legenda variety 2016, the yield of potato tubers is 40.6 t/ha and 2017 – 43.2 t/ha. Malin White 2013 is 41.4 t/ha and 2017 42.1 t/ha. The average varieties of potatoes showed a slightly lower yield on average over the years of research. However, among the varieties is allocated Nadiyna – 40.3 t/ha, Slovyanka – 37.2 t/ ha and Vera 33.8 t/ha. Among the years, the most high-yielding for the Vera variety was 2016 with a yield of 36.6 t/ha and 2017 year – 37.8 t/ha. Varieties Slovyanka and Nadiyna 2011 and 2012 with yields of 42.6 and 44.3 t/ha and 46.5 and 45.3 t/ha, respectively. Characterizing the yield of potato tubers of medium-late varieties over the years of research, there was a decrease in this indicator compared with medium-early and middle-aged varieties. However, the high yield of the varieties of Dar is allocated – 40.0 t/ha, Alladin – 33.6 t/ha and Oxamit 31.3 t/ha. Among the years, the most favourable ones were: for Oxamit and Alladin – 2011 – 33.5 and 36.5 t/ha, and 2017 – 34.1 and 36.4 t/ha, respectively. Favourable years for harvesting varieties were 2011 and 2012 with yields of 45.7 and 45.8 t/ha.

Thus, the highest yield of potato tubers on average over the years of studies of medium-early varieties of 41.2-43.3 t / ha were provided by weather conditions of 2011 and 2017 years, medium-ripe varieties 41.0-41.1 - 2012 and 2011, medium- late 37,6-38,5 t / ha - 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Current state and development prospects of organic farming on the territory of Rivne region
Authors: Sobko Z. , Voznyuk N. , Masovets B.
Published: October 2019

This article reviews the concept of organic farming, describes organic farming systems and their characteristics. It has been found out that the development rates of organic farming are constantly increasing on the territory of Ukraine, and in particular on the territory of Rivne region. It was discovered that for the implementation of organic farming it is necessary to improve the regulatory framework. The main requirements for the quality of land intended for organic agriculture were investigated in this study. The main of these requirements is the absence of contamination with pesticides, heavy metals, radio-nuclides and other pollutants. It was revealed that the territory of Rivne region has all the social, economic and environmental conditions for organic farming implementing. However, due to irrational land resources use in the region, land degradation has emerged. This is manifested in the reduction of fertility, declining quality, withdrawal from agricultural use. Also exam-ined are the basic requirements for the quality of land intended for organic farming. It was established that Rivne agricultural land belongs to three groups of suitability for organic farming. These groups are: suitable, limitedly suitable and unsuitable. The analysis of the region’s qualitative state changes in agricultural lands for the period 2000-2010 has been done. The land’s quality has deteriorated significantly over the last 10 years: the suitable group’s lands have moved to the limited suitability group, and agricultural land from the limited suitability group has moved to a group of unsuitable ones. The organic farming implementation in the Rivne region will preserve and improve the quality of land resources significantly.
Control the transformation of organic matter in the soils of Western Polesie
Authors: Polovyi V.M. , Kolesnyk Т.М.
Published: October 2019

The peculiarities of agricultural production organization in Ukraine, which are found of the land fund and agricultural lands non-balanced structure is halping to soil erosion losses an increasing by 2,3 times and soil dehumidification at the level of 0,203 t / ha. Transformation of Ukrainian crop areas structure for the period 1990-2016 was helped to an increasing of the arable land erosion hazard coefficient from 0,44 to 0,56, which provokes loss of soil organic matter by 27,3%. The transformation of Ukrainian crop areas structure by decreasing the share of cutting-edge crops has reduced the soil organic matter ballance deficit in arable soils by 72 % (+ 0,28 t / ha), the effect of which decreased by 2,14 times due to a decreasing of arable land with organic fertilization. The unbalanced supply of nutrient-fertilizing elements to the arable land of Ukraine, the limiting factor of which is the narrow C: N ratio, which is lower than the optimal by 2,48 times, is an additional important factor of accelerating arable soils dehumidification.
Degradation and reconstruction measures of fertility of soils of southern steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Vozhehova R.A. , Hranovska L.M.
Published: October 2019

У статті представлені результати багаторічних досліджень щодо причин деградації та опустелювання ґрунтів, які зрошуються в південному Степу України. Науково-обґрунтовані напрями зниження рівня деградації та відтворення родючості ґрунтів. Методологічну основу досліджень складають сучасні методи науково дослідження: історичний, системний аналіз і підхід, економікостатистичні та графічні методи. Визначені природні та антропогенні фактори впливу на процеси деградації та опустелювання ґрунтів і доведено, що однією із причин деградації є їх природна засушливість, яка супроводжується недостатньою кількістю опадів, від’ємним водним балансом і, пов’язаним з цим, специфічним процесом ґрунтоутворення. Обґрунтовані напрями збереження родючості ґрунту та наведено приклад практичного застосування результатів досліджень в ДПДГ «Асканійське» Інституту зрошуваного землеробства НААН. Розроблені напрями збереження родючості ґрунтів дозволять попередити їх деградацію, забезпечити бездефіцитний баланс гумусу, підвищити ефективність сільськогосподарської діяльності на зрошуваних землях, покращити екологічний стан агроландшафтів, а також вирішити важливе державне завдання – забезпечити продовольчу безпеку як складову національної безпеки України.
Application of glauconite in agriculture
Authors: Khodakovska O.V. , Korchinska S.G. , Matvienko A.P. , Prokofiev V.V.
Published: October 2019

Basic problems are lighted up, stipulating the decline of level of fertility of soils, in particular increasing deficit  of nutritives. The ways of their decision offer. The effective use is reasonable in agriculture of alternative sources of addition to soils nutritives, namely application present in Ukraine, glauconite as fertilizer.
Günümüzde Aile ve Kur’ân’dan Örnek Aileler
Authors: KÜÇÜK Ahmet
Published: October 2019

Bu makalede insanlık tarihiyle birlikte var olan ailenin nasıl bir önem arz ettiği ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
Sahip olunan inanç, değer ve kültürlere göre farklılık arz eden kurumun tarihsel süreçte uğradığı değişim
tespit edilmiştir. Bu değişime rağmen, aile en belirgin özelliği olan koruyucu ve yönlendirici niteliğini kaybetmemiştir. Aileyi önemli kılan değerlerde ciddi birtakım aşınmalar ve zedelenmeler yaşansa da onların
tamamen yok olmadığı görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda muhteva açısından farklılık arz eden modern ve post
modern dönemlerdeki aile bile tartışmaların merkezinde olmaya devam etmiştir. Bu da göstermektedir ki
aile yukarıda zikredilen özellikleriyle güçlü ya da zayıf olarak dün ve bugün var olageldiği gibi bundan sonra
da var olmaya devam edecektir. İnsanlığın yeniden geniş ve niteliksel yani belli ahlâkî özelliklere sahip aileye
dönüş arayışında olduğu günümüzde Kur’ân’ın, nazil olduğu dönem itibariyle tanım ve muhteva açısından
nasıl bir aile modeli sunduğu, onun bir model olarak sunduğu aile tiplerinin kimlerden oluştuğu ve nasıl
gündeme geldiği konuları işlenmiştir. Bu makalenin amacı, bu örnek ailelerin Kur’ân’da nasıl ortaya çıktığını
ve ailelerin örnek teşkil ettiği konuların neler olduğunu incelemektir.
The queen is led? Bumblebee (Bombus spp.) nest-searching on sea wall banks may be influenced by cutting and sward height
Authors: Fargeaud Kimberley , Gardiner Tim
Published: October 2019

English sea wall flood defences support an important grassland habitat for bumblebees (Bombus spp.). However, annual cutting in midsummer (July–August) could negatively affect them. The mowing regime on a sea wall at Goldhanger Creek in Essex was changed to a late cut (after
15 September) and nest-searching behaviour was compared with an adjacent sea wall cut in midsummer (normal cut in August). Sward height and the number of queens nest-searching were significantly higher on the normal cut sea wall than on the late cut one. Tall grass swards resulting from a
cut early in the previous summer may be important for nest-searching compared to those mown late, although there is probably an interaction with sea wall aspect and soil type. The landward slope was also more attractive for nesting than the flat folding (berm) due to the longer vegetation
where nests under construction were located (of Bombus humilis and B. terrestris).
A new name for a fossil species of Sylvicola (Diptera: Anisopodidae)
Authors: Hancock E. Geoffrey , Kania Iwona
Published: October 2019

The name punctata Wojtoń, Kania & Kopeć, 2018, as used for a new species of fossil species of wood gnat (Anisopodidae) is replaced by harrisi, nom. nov.
الفروق الدلالية بين التراكيب القرآنية المتناظرة عند السّهيلي
Authors: الجنابي أسيل متعب
Published: October 2019

الحمدُ لله ربّ العالمين والصّلاة والسّلام على أشرف الأنبياء والمرسلين، سيدنا محمد ـ صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ـ  وعلى أصحابه الطيبين الطاهرين .

        إنّ للخطاب القرآني خصوصية في التعبير ، بما يحمل في طياته من أسرار بيانية ، وقف أمامها العلماء وقفة إجلال وإكبار محاولين اكتشاف هذه الأسرار، وبيان أثرها الدلالي، لإيصاله إلى المتلقي، ليتسنى له معرفة المغزى من هذا الخطاب الجليل المعجز الذي انتظم بعضه مع بعض، فلا يستطيع أحد أنْ يرفع حرفا فيضع مكانه حرفا آخر، أو أنْ يستبدل لفظا بلفظ آخر، حتى جاءت تراكيبه منسبكة منتظمة ومن هؤلاء العلماء السّهيلي، إذْ وقف عند عدد من التراكيب المتناظرة مستنبطا الفروق الدقيقة بينها، مستعينا بقدرته العقلية المتميزة، فقد أدرك إدراكا تاما أنّ الاختلاف بين التراكيب المتناظرة في القرآن إنّما أوجبته السّياقات المختلفة التي وردت فيها هذه التراكيب، وإنّ المعنى قد فرض زيادة حرف أو لفظ أو نقصانه في تركيب آخر، أو تنكير لفظ في موضع ، وتعريفه في موضع آخر، أو استعمال جمع في موطن، واستعمال غيره في موطن آخر، وقد اقتضت الدقة أنْ ينتظم البحث في مبحثين يسبقهما التمهيد عن حياة السّهيلي، تضمن المبحث الأول: المخالفة بين التراكيب المتناظرة في الحروف، والمبحث الثاني: المخالفة في الأسماء، ثم ختمت البحث بأهم ما توصلت إليه من نتائج.
( لو) بين الاستعمال اللُّغويّ والقاعدة النَّحوية
Authors: نعيم آلاء عبد
Published: October 2019

الحمد لله رب العالمين ، والصَّلاة والسَّلام على أشرف خلق الله مُحَمَّد الأمين وآله الطَّيبين الطَّاهرين. وبعد...

     لا يخفى ما لعلمائنا العرب من جهد كبير في تدوين هذه اللُّغة (اللُّغة العربية) والحفاظ على أصالة هويتها. وهم في جهدهم هذا دونوا كلّ ما سُمِع من العرب وقعَّدوا على غرار ذلك الجمع قواعدهم النَّحوية مراعين في عملهم هذا ما ورثوه من العرب من شعر ونثر؛ إذ كانا أساس عملهما، ولم يكن القرآن الكريم ببعيد عن هذا الجهد الجليل، ولكن الذي يؤخذ على ذلك العمل إبعادهم لكثير من الاستعمال اللُّغويّ عن القاعدة الأساس التي توضع للباب النَّحويّ، وإذا ما عرض هذا الاستعمال على تلك القاعدة اضطرب الأمر وراحوا يضعون قواعد فرعية مبنية على التَّـأويل والتَّـقدير لتستقيم عندهم القاعدة الفرعية مع القاعد الأصل.

     وفي الحقيقة إنَّ في كثرة القواعد النَّحويَّة إرباكاً وإشغالاً للنحو العربيّ، وهذا ما نلحظه في كثير من أبواب النَّحو، وفي باب (لو) نلمس هذا، فنجدها تارة تكون شرطية وأخرى للتمني  ومصدرية ... إلخ، فضلاً عن اختلافهم فيما يأتي بعد (لو) أ اسم هو أم فعل؟ وإن كان فعلاً  أ ماضٍ هو أم مستقبل، وغيرها من الأمور الخلافية، وقد آثرت الوقوف على بعض المسائل النَّحويَّة في (لو) لا كلها، عسى أن ندون بعض الشيء عنها بعد مناقشة تلك الأوجه الخلافية، مرجحين بعض الأمور، ومفسِّرين الأوجه التي نراها قريبة من السَّبب الذي دفعهم إلى وضع قاعدة أخرى، ولعلهم لو أخذوا بنظر الاعتبار هذا السَّبب عند وضع القاعدة الأصل لَمَّا اضطروا إلى كثرة التَّعليل والتَّـقدير.
مقاربة دلالية في الآليات بين السرقة والية التناص (الامتصاص والتحويل)
Authors: علاوي عبد الرحمن مرضي , صياد هدى مخبر
Published: October 2019

هذه الدراسة تسعى إلى مقاربة دلالية بين آليات السرقة وآلية التناص (الامتصاص التحويل)، والذي يعني تحويل بنية النص الأصلي إلى بنية جديدة من خلال التفاعل بينهما ومدى مقاربة هذه الآلية (التحويل) مع بعض مصطلحات السرقة الأدبية. وقد تبين لنا ان هناك تقارب بين آلية الامتصاص التناصية ومصطلحات السرقة المتمثلة في آلية الاشتراك والإلمام والسلخ والتكرار، كذلك نجد ذات التقارب بين آلية الاجترار ومصطلحات السرقة المتمثلة بالأخذ والمواردة والاحتذاء والاقتباس والتضمين، وكذلك المقاربة مع آلية الحوار التناصية وآليات السرقة مثل التوليد والزيادة والمعارضة.
اثر استخدام استراتيجية المنظمات البصرية في مهارات التفكير البصري لدى طلاب الصف الرابع العلمي في مادة الكيمياء
Authors: حسين خالد فهد علي , أحمد زينب عزيز , الشمري عباس فاضل كاظم
Published: October 2019

هدفت الدراسة  الى معرفة اثر استخدام استراتيجية المنظمات البصرية  في مهارات التفكير البصري لدى لطلاب الصف الرابع العلمي في مادة الكيمياء, وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (67) طالباً من طلاب الصف الرابع العلمي تم توزيعهم الى مجموعتين تجريبية(34) وضابطة (33), وتم مكافئة المجموعتين في المتغيرات: (المعلومات السابقة والعمر الزمني بالأشهر ومعدل درجات السنة السابقة في الكيمياء والقدرات العقلية, واختبار التفكير البصري), ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة اعدت مادة تعليمية وفق استراتيجية المنظمات البصرية, واختبار لمهارات التفكير البصري المحددة  بـ (مهارة التعرف على الشكل, مهارة تحليل الشكل, مهارة الربط بين العلاقات ,مهارة تفسير الغموض في الشكل البصري, مهارة استخلاص المعاني) تألف من (44),  بعد حساب الخصائص السايكومترية لكلا الاختبارين عولجت البيانات إحصائيا باستخدام برنامج spss الإحصائي, أظهرت النتائج وجود فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية بين طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الذين دُرّسوا على وفق استراتيجية المنظمات البصرية  وطلاب المجموعة الضابطة الذين دُرّسوا على وفق الطريقة التقليدية مهارات التفكير البصري لصالح المجموعة التجريبية , وعليه يوصي الباحث اعتماد استراتيجية المنظمات البصرية في تدريس مادة الكيمياء ، ويقترح إجراء دراسات أخرى لمراحل ومواد دراسية مختلفة لمعرفة أثرها في والتفكير البصري.
الجهود العربية والعالمية لرعاية الموهوبين والمتفوقين – مركز تطوير التفوق اليمني نموذجاً-
Authors: بلبكاي جمال , لياس سارة
Published: October 2019

يعتمد تقدم الدول و تطورها على مدى ما تملكه من ثروات بشرية مؤهلة تفيد من ثرواتها المادية وتعيد إنتاجها بأشكال جديدة، و مما لا شك فيه أن الموهوبين هم الثروة الحقيقة التي تقف وراء ازدهار الأمم وتقدمها، بل هم كنوزها الثمينة و عليهم تعقد الآمال في حل المشكلات وفي ارتياد آفاق المستقبل وفي تطوير سبل الحياة بشتى مجالاتها. لهذا يجب أن يحظى الموهوبون بكافة أشكال الدعم وباهتمام كافة هيئات المجتمع ومؤسساته لأنهم يتسمون بخصائص و قدرات غير عادية تمكنهم من النهوض بمجتمعاتهم، فبقدر ما يعتني المجتمع بثروته البشرية بقدر ما يجني مستقبلا ثمارًا يحقق بها تقدمه وازدهاره،و مما لاشك فيه أن الاهتمام بهذه الفئة هو حتمية حضارية تفرضها التحديات العلمية والتكنولوجية المعاصرة ، وبالتالي فقد حرص كم كبير من العلماء في أقاصي الدنيا و مشارقها على إجراء البحوث والدراسات العلمية التي تعمل على اكتشاف الموهوبين و المتفوقين من خلال رصد خصائصهم و مميزاتهم وحاجاتهم و الأمور المتعلقة بتعليمهم ورعايتهم. 

   ومع زيادة وتيرة الاهتمام بفئة الموهوبين و المتفوقين عالميا و إقليميا إلا أن جانب بناء استراتيجيات وطنية لرعاية الموهوبين و المتفوقين في الجزائر، لم ينل حقه من الاهتمام بالعلم ، ومرد ذلك تلك المعتقدات الخاطئة المتمثلة في كون التعليم لنيل الشهادة و فقط ، لم نسمع يوماً بأن مؤسسة تعاقدت مع الجامعة و تطلب تكوين 30 فرد في مجال معين ،أو التشجيع على الابتكار والمبادرة في ذلك ومتابعة تلك المبادرات، وكان هذا ممكن أن يكون أحد الأسباب للانفتاح على صوغ استراتيجيات نبحث من خلالها على الكشف عن الموهوبين والمتفوقين ومجالات تقدمهم لرعايتها و تطويرها،وهذا الواقع الجزائري مخالف تماما للجهود العربية والعالمية التي تبدل في هذا المجال، و التي خطت نحوها تلك الدول خطوات حضارية منذ سنين ،وهنا لم تفكر الجزائر حتى البحث والغوص فيها ولما لا الاحتذاء بها، وسنعرض في ورقتنا البحثية بعض التجارب الرائدة عربيًا و دوليًا في هذا المجال.
The Representation of Two Different World- Views Through the Use of Dramatic Monologue: An Analysis of Mohsin Hamid's Reluctant Fundamentalist
Authors: Hameed Azhar Mankhi
Published: October 2019

This paper examines the relationship between two cultures,two world views and two  civilizations, and how they feel towards one a nother  through discussing the Pakstani writer, Mohsin Hamid's  Reluctunt Fundamentalist  which  was  nominated in 2007.This novel  goes into the heart of what may be the most important issue of the time, the clash of civilizations. Hamid's  use of dramatic monologue is a unique achievement, and it makes the novel  one of the most prolific and successful  novels written after sep 11. I will examine through this technique the transformation of  a  Muslim Pakistani man  from an  initial infatuation, identification with America to a gradual estrangement and disenchantment with it .  .

The Reluctant Fundamentalist demonstrates  Hamid's own aggressive view of the West in a smart cover of fiction..It's aim is  to present the reader with a well-oriented explanation and details  of an Eastern immigrant in the West with all the difficulties  he goes through. It poses many questions some of which are not answered . They are left for the readers to interpret them according to the way he /she  reads the novel .
تصورات مدرسي اللغة الانكليزية لاستعمال مخططات فين لتطوير استراتيجيات القراءة لطلبة المدارس الثانوية الدارسين اللغة الانكليزية كلغة أجنبية في الأدب الانكليزي
Authors: العابدي نور حميد مجيد
Published: October 2019

تهدف الدراسة الحالية لإيجاد دور استعمال مخططات فين لتطوير استراتيجيات القراءة لطلبة اللغة الانكليزية كلغة أجنبية كلا من المعرفية وما وراء المعرفية في الأدب الإنجليزي اعتمادا على تصورات مدرسي اللغة الانكليزي كلغة أجنبية. فضلا عن إيجاد ما إذا كان هناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين معدل متوسط تصورات مدرسي اللغة الانكليزية كلغة وفقا لمتغير الجنس (ذكور وإناث) نحو استعمال مخططات فين لتطوير استراتيجيات القراءة لطلبة اللغة الانكليزية كلغة أجنبية في الأدب الانكليزي .

    تتكون عينة الدراسة الحالية من مدرسي اللغة الانكليزية كلغة أجنبية من المدارس الثانوية في مدينة الكوت خلال العام الدراسي 2014-2015. وقد تم اختيار استبيان مناسبة كأداة لجمع البيانات، متكونة من (26) فقرة، والذي يهدف إلى معرفة تصورات مدرسي اللغة الانكليزية كلغة اجنبية  تجاه استعمال إستراتيجية مخططات فين لتطوير استراتيجيات القراءة لمتعلمي اللغة الانكليزية كلغة أجنبية في الأدب الإنجليزي.  وقد تم تطبيق وسائل إحصائية مناسبة لنتائج الدراسة لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة التي كشفت أن تصورات مدرسي اللغة الانكليزية كلغة أجنبية هي جيدة (مهم جدا) نحو استعمال إستراتيجية مخططات فين لتطوير استراتيجيات القراءة لمتعلمي اللغة الانكليزية كلغة أجنبية في الأدب الإنجليزي، لامتلاكهم الخبرة والمؤهلات العلمية لاستعمال إحدى استراتيجيات الدراسة الحديثة مثل (مخططات فين). نتائج الدراسة تشجع على استعمال مخططات فين لتعليم اللغة الانكليزية كلغة أجنبية.
موقف مدني صالح من الفلسفة الإسلامية -دراسة تحليلية نقدية-
Authors: كطان اياد مطلك
Published: October 2019

يسلط الأضواء على دراسة الاستاذ مدني صالح للفلسفة الاسلامية بشقيها (المشرقي  والغربي) من خلال استعراض اهم الفلاسفة ونظرياتهم بمهجية تحليلة تركيبيية بين من خلالها الباحث لاهم نقاط القوة والضعف التي دارت عليها مفاصل الفلسفة الاسلامية.
Words of Pain in Hawthorne's Novel The Scarlet Letter: A Semantic Study
Authors: نعمه شيماء محمد , علوان زينب حسين
Published: October 2019

الألم هو حالة طبيعية تحدث في حياة الإنسان اليومية إذ إن البشر جميعهم خاضع للإحساس بالألم، فهو عندهم يتراوح بين أعلى درجة من العذاب إلى أدنى درجه منه. ويختلف الألم بوصفه مفهوما ذا إبعاد متعددة من شخص لآخر، فبالرغم من صعوبة التعبير عن الألم لغويا، هناك بعض الكلمات التي تستعمل لوصف الشعور به. وهذه الدراسة  تتوقف عند بعض الخصائص الدلالية لبعض كلمات الألم في رواية هوثورن (الشارة القرمزية). ومن خلال العينة  التي تم انتقاؤها، تم التوصل ان توظيف كلمات الألم  يظهر عند  كلا الجنسين، لكن الفرق هو إن كلمات  الألم التي تستعملها النساء، مثل (هستر براين وبيرل)، ساعدت على  تخفيف الشعور بالألم وبصورة ناجحة. في حين سعى الرجال، مثل (ديمسديل وشيلينجوورث)، لاستعمال كلمات الألم لتقليل العواقب الوخيمة للإحساس بهذا الألم ، بيد إن محاولاتهم كانت من دون جدوى. وبغض النظر عن الدافع المادي، فقد وجد أيضا أن الألم ذو بواعث نفسية، ودينية، واجتماعية.
Causes of Students Drop out in Private Colleges as Seen by Instructors " Dijlah University College as an Example "
Authors: M.A Ahmed Mohammed Hasan
Published: October 2019

No one said that going to college would be easy, and many students find out the hard way. There are many contributing factors that can lead to lack of success.    Some are unavoidable, some are , well , just  plain  irresponsibility .As college tuition increases , many students find themselves with two choices :finish school or pay the bill .

 However ,the cost of college is not the only factor  in students dropping out  Students of private colleges in Iraq drop out for many reasons . The decision usually has a lot to do with money, time and security situation. Even the students who depend on their parents or able to take out loans are eventually have to be worry about taking a great part of family's financial income or about paying loans back .

    Dropping out is not only great loss for the students and their family, but it is also great loss of the young educated powers which are necessary to rebuild and progress the country.                                                                                                                      A sample of (30) instructors included in the study and a questionnaire was used as the main instrument of the study.                                                                                                 The main findings of the study were the following: The researcher here shortly discussed the items obtained 70 percentage score and more which indicated the most important factors of students dropping out.                      In the field of " Financial Problems " Item 6 " Lack of Financial Support " obtained 83 points which represented the highest score among the items in the study followed by item 5 "High installation Tuition" obtained 80 score which indicated that financial problems were the most important factor of students dropping out . In the field of "Psychological Stresses "item 18 "Abnormal Situation of the Country"  obtained 80 score which indicated that psychological stresses were the second important factor of students dropping out of the private colleges in Iraq . In the field of "Changing Place "item 17 "Displaced for Different Causes " obtained 80 score which indicated the third important cause of students dropping out . In the field of "Lack of Motivation" item 39 "Having no Sense of Purpose"  Obtained 78 score which indicated another important cause of the problem.  In the field of "Immigration "item 37" Immigration Inside or Outside the Country"  obtained 73 score which also indicated another important factor of the problem .         In the field of "Academically Unprepared " item 21 "Weak Students with Low Marks " obtained 70 score which also indicated another factor of students dropping out of private college in Iraq .
TINGKAT HERBIVORI DAUN Avicennia marina (FORSSK.) VIERH DAN Rhizophora mucronata DI VEGETASI MANGROVE – TIMBULSLOKO, DEMAK
Authors: Amalia Eldita , Pramesti Rini , Pribadi Rudhi , Setyati Wilis Ari
Published: October 2019

Mangrove merupakan varietas komunitas pantai tropik dan subtropik  yang mampu beradaptasi dengan salinitas tertentu. Jenis Avicennia marina dan Rhizophora mucronata merupakan tegakan alami dan hasil rehabilitasi. Kegiatan konservasi di lokasi ini belum dikelola baik sehingga struktur dan komposisi bervariasi. Hal ini dapat diatasi yang salah satunya dengan herbivori sebagai parameter tingkat kerusakan ekosistem mangrove. Daun merupakan salah satu bagian tumbuhan yang mengalami perubahan bentuk karena pemangsaan.  Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat herbivori daun A.marina dan R. mucronata berdasarkan perbedaan spesies, umur daun dan ketinggian pohon. Metode deskriptif digunakan dalam penelitin ini dan penentuan lokasi pengambilan sampel dengan metode purposive sampling. Sampel daun diambil dari tiga kategori ketinggian yang berbeda yaitu <1 m, >1-3 m, >3-5 m, masing-masing sebanyak 10 ulangan (pohon) untuk setiap kategori. Daun dipisahkan berdasarkan umur daun (tua atau muda) dan kondisi daun (utuh atau rusak) dan total daun diambil sebanyak 10%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan nilai rerata pada setiap jenis, umur daun dan ketinggian pohon diperoleh tingkat herbivori A. marina yaitu 4,66%  (0,16% - 8,93%) sampai 11,59% (2,14% - 21,97%) sedangkan R. mucronata yaitu 5,23% (0,31% - 9,94%) sampai 12,44% (3,50% - 23,81%).HERBIVORY LEVEL OF MANGROVE LEAVES Avicennia marina (FORSSK.) VIERH AND Rhizophora mucronata IN MANGROVE VEGETATION - TIMBULSLOKO, DEMAK. Mangroves are variety of tropical and subtropical coastal communities that adapt to certain salinity. Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata were found in location. Conservation activities were not managed so the structure and composition varies. This can be overcome one of them with herbivory as a parameter of the level damage to mangrove ecosystems. The leaves are one part of the plant that changes shape due to predation. The purpose of this study was to determine herbivory level of A.marina and R. mucronata leaves based on differences in species, leaf of age and tree of height. Descriptive method is used in this study and the determination of the location sampling with the purposive sampling method. Leaf samples were taken from three different height categories namely <1 m,> 1-3 m,> 3-5 m, each with 10 replications (trees) for each category. The leaves are separated based on the age of the leaves (old or young) and the condition of the leaves (whole or damaged) total leaves taken as much as 10%. The results showed the average value of each species, leaf age and height of the tree obtained A. marina herbivory level of 4.66% range (0.16% - 8.93%) to 11.59% range (2.14% - 21.97%) while R. mucronata is 5.23% range (0.31% - 9.94%) to 12.44% range (3.50% - 23.81%).
Pentingnya Materi Lingkungan dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: suratman@yahoo.com
Published: October 2019

Pembelajaran berbasis lingkungan bertujuan untuk membuat siswa berpartisipasi dalam melindungi lingkungan. Tidak memandang lingkungan sebagai sesuatu yang bisa dieksploitasiuntuk kepentingan pribadi, tetapi sebagai aset berharga yang layak dilindungi untuk kelangsungan hidup manusia. Oleh karena itu, peting untuk mengembangkan pengetahuantentang lingkungan, kesadaran lingkungan dan perubahan perilaku terhadap lingkungan.Pendidikan lingkungan dapat membantu siswa memikirkan kembali hubungan antara manusiadan lingkungan, memahami lingkungan, menyadari masalah lingkungan dan mempertimbangkan masalah lingkungan yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan (Ramadhan et al, 2019).
Demonstration Of Student In Indragiri District Based On Law Number 9 Off Concerning Freedom Of Delivery Opening Opinion General Advance
Authors: bin sugeng rijanto mulono apriyanto
Published: October 2019

Student demonstrations performed to express opinions or ideas in the improvement of social life because they are not as expected. In fact, the implementation of demonstration can end up being anarchic and uncontrolled, despite strict rules. This article analyzes the implementation of a student demonstration in the city of Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir by Act No. 9 of 1998 on Freedom of Expression in Public by using sociological research. The results of the analysis in this article is found that the order of students demonstrated in the city of Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir has not been effective according to Law No. 9 of 1998. Students tend not tell plans to police demonstrations, demonstrations of students exceeding the prescribed time limit legislation that apply and student demonstrations turned unruly and inclined anarchists. Obstacles encountered in the implementation of the demonstration because of the restriction of time in presenting their opinions in public, and demonstrations do not follow the rules of reporting the action plan, securing the rough is not responsible for the intervention of the security forces, especially intelligence, provocation, official or targeted by disappearing, misunderstandings between mass demonstrations by the security forces, resulting in a physical conflict, securing a rough action, and destruction / confiscation / expropriation action props. Efforts must be made to overcome some of the barriers it is socialization or legal counseling Law No. 9 of 1998 on Freedom of Expression in Public to students in the city of Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir so that they understand the substance of the regulation, the police must understand the conditions of the student demonstrations, funding sufficient and clear legal rules and binding.
Pragmatic Intrusion into what is said: In Western linguistics and traditional Arabic linguistics
Authors: Abdulla Hisham Ibrahim
Published: October 2019

The present study is an attempt to answer the question about whether Arab linguists of the past were acquainted with the problem of pragmatic intrusion into the semantic or truth-conditional content of what is said. Using many quotations from the traditional Arabic books of "usül" (Islamic jurisprudence) and "balagha" (rhetoric), sufficient evidence was found to support the hypothesis that Arab linguists of the Middle Ages were well acquainted with the central ideas of the problem. They engaged in debates and controversies very similar to those we find in modern pragmatic literature.
Analysis of the Risk Factors and their Association with Diabetes among Population of African-Americans
Authors: Rahimi Mehdi , Lu Minggen
Published: October 2019

Over 415 million people live with diabetes worldwide, and an estimated 193 million people have undiagnosed diabetes. Type 2 diabetes accounts for more than 90% of patients with diabetes and leads to microvascular and macrovascular complications that cause profound psychological and physical distress to both patients and care givers and put a huge burden on health-care systems (Chatterjee, Khunti & Davies, 2017, p. 2239). In the United States, an estimated 30.3 million persons have diabetes based on the data from 2015 and only 23.1 million of these cases have been diagnosed out of which 12.7% were African American (American Diabetes Association, Diabetes Statistics, 2015). The incidence of diabetes is increasing because of the aging and changing ethnic mix of the population and because of worsening obesity. On the basis of current trends, the prevalence of diabetes is expected to nearly double by 2030 (Wild, Roglic, Green, Sicree, & King, 2004).
THE GLOBALIZATION OF HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, HEALTH DATA & HEALTH EXPERIMENTS WILL REVOLUTIONIZE MEDICINE.
Authors: Chaideftos Chaideftos
Published: October 2019

A global center “World Health Bank” must be set up for the collection of biological material of all the patients of the world that suffering from diseases with the right hierarchy of e-data, with new safe & secret telecommunication system, with global cloud computing, with artificial intelligence, with machine learning – deep learning, with automation & with the best scientists of the world on this fields.Biological material to be diffuse into microchip organs or into printed (from cells, stem cells & etc of the patients) organs by multidimensional biological printers for personalized testing & continuous monitoring of patient’s biological (substances) reactions in vitro, to record the disease before tests & the cure (in atomic – subatomic – etc levels) after continuous monitoring of multiple tests in multiple microchip organs for each person individually in order to understand in maximum levels everything about the confrontation of diseases.We can pass it later when we will be ready to the next level with nanoscale biological microchips that will be implanted into our organisms in order to check all the time our health the artificial intelligence & to create sometimes in bad situations the right polypill [it will contains nanoscale microscopic sensors (creation of body – organism gps) in order to release the right substances at the right place] formula for us in a record time due to the biological printers that we will set in every hospital – health center of the world. With this way we can understand – identify the diseases in the beginning in order to avoid them, destroy them & etc.
Safety Analysis of Molten Salt Fast Reactor Fuel Composition using Moltres
Authors: Park Sun Myung , Rykhlevskii Andrei , Huff Kathryn
Published: October 2019

The Molten Salt Fast Reactor (MSFR) has garnered much interest for its inherent safety and sustainbility features. The MSFR can adopt a closed thorium fuel cycle for sustainable operation through the breeding of 233 U from 232 Th. The fuel composition changes significantly over the course of its lifespan. In this study, we investigated the steady state and transient behavior of the MSFR using Moltres, a coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulics code developed within the Multiphysics Object Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework. Three different fuel compositions, start-up, early-life, and equilibrium, were examined for potentially dangerous core temperature excursions during a unprotected loss of heat sink (ULOHS) accident. The six-group and total neutron flux distributions showed good agreement with SERPENT and published MSFR results, while the temperature distribution and total power showed discrepancies which can be attributed toknown sources of error. For the transient behavior under the ULOHS scenario, while the transition time towards the new steady state core temperature is also in good agreement with existing MSFR simulations by Fiorina et al., Moltres under-estimated the temperature rise by a factor of ten, due to the same sources of error affecting the steady state results. While an MSFR loaded with start-up fuel composition operates at a higher temperature than with the other two fuel compositions, all three cases were shown to be inherently safe due to thestrong negative temperature feedback.
HUBUNGAN OBESITAS DENGAN KEJADIAN PREEKLAMPSIA PADA IBU HAMIL
Authors: Nur A Fahira
Published: October 2019

Masalah kesehatan adalah suatu masalah yang sangat kompleks yang saling berkaitan dengan masalah-masalah lain di luar kesehatan sendiri. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi kesehatan, baik kesehatan individu maupun kesehatan masyarakat. Faktor yang mempengaruhi derajat kesehatan adalah lingkungan, perilaku, pelayanan kesehatan, dan herediter. Keempat faktor tersebut disamping berpengaruh langsung kepada kesehatan, juga saling berpengaruh satu sama lainnya. Status kesehatan akan tercapai secara optimal, bilamana keempat faktor tersebut secara bersama-sama mempunyai kondisi yang optimal
Fast Food Industry Growth in China
Authors: Al-Shargie Fares , Ahmed Entesar
Published: October 2019

Over the last decade, fast food industries in china have dramatically increased. Several international enterprises have moved and expand their brands in china markets and trade-holders since 1990. This paper discusses the Chinese fast food consumption and supply and will give account to the factors affecting it favorably like the increase in household income, changes in Chinese lifestyle, growth in population size, emergence of many foreign brands and players, technological advancement, and the introduction of franchising regulations. It will also highlighted on the increasing health concerns, which could possibly affect the Chinese fast food consumption and supply in the longer run. The paper also talk about the elasticity of demand and how the availability of many substitutes will make demand highly elastic in the Chinese fast food industry, which shall imply that any slight change in prices of fast food products by any company will affect demand for that company’s product adversely to other substitutes / company products. Finally, we discuss the Chinese fast food non-collaborative oligopolistic market structure.
APPROXIMATE ESTIMATES OF COMPLEX HEAT EXCHANGE IN OPTICALLY THICKNESS AND OPTICALLY THIN TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER
Authors: Avramenko A.A. , Dmitrenko N.P. , Kovalenko V.M. , Gorobets V.G.
Published: October 2019

The article analyzes the main aspects of the process of complex heat transfer in an optically thin and optically thick boundary turbulent layer.
EVOLUTION OF THERMOPHYSICAL PROBLEMS IN CONSTRUCTIONS OF VVER REACTORS MAIN CIRCULATION PUMPS
Authors: Sharaevsky G. I. , Fialko N. М. , Sharaevsky I. G. , Zimin L. B.
Published: October 2019

Changes in the design of critical critical from the point of view of safety of the nodes of the main circulation pumps of nuclear power units and the corresponding dynamics of the accompanying thermo-hydraulic problems caused by these changes are analyzed. Attention is drawn to the insufficiently studied complex thermophysical processes occurring in tribological pairs of mechanical shaft sealing and sliding bearings, where the normal friction and lubrication conditions can latently go to pre-emergency and insufficiently controlled by existing monitoring systems technical conditions.
POWER EFFICIENCY OF THE “WET” COMBUSTION AND POLLUTANTS FORMATION REDUCTION
Authors: Soroka B. , Zgurskyi V.
Published: October 2019

Grounded upon CFD-modeling and the thermodynamic analysis, the ways of enhancement the efficiency of using the natural gas and of nitrogen oxides effluents reduction are considered for the conditions of humidified combustion air.
INTERRELATION OF WORKING PROCESS OF THE BURNET DEVICE BASED ON STREAM-NICHE TECHNOLOGY OF GAS BURNING WITH ENVIRNMENTAL ASPECTS OF FIREENGINEERING OBJECT’S WORK
Authors: Abdulin M.Z. , Horban K.S. , Siryy O.A.
Published: October 2019

The results of theoretical studies of the environmental characteristics of fire-engimeering objects and their interrelation with the working process of the burner device are presented. The results of practical use of the new burner devices based on the stream-niche technology of gas fuel combustion for modernization of municipal power engineering are presented. The data are shown in order to increase the efficiency and reduce the environmental influence of engineering gasburning objects and the process of generating energy in general.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BERBAGAI TINGKAT CHASEY NUT SHELL LIQUID (CNSL) TERHADAP MORTALITAS Tribolium castaneum PADA DEDAK PADI
Authors: Ramadika Ramadika , Tarmidi Ana Rochana , Hernaman Iman
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian berbagai tingkat chasey nut shell liquid (CNSL) terhadap mortalitas Tribolium castaneum pada dedak padi. Penelitian dilakukan secara ekperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan lima macam perlakuan konsentrasi pemberian CNSL, yaitu R1 = 10%  R2 = 10%, R3 = 20%, R4 = 30%, R5, = 40%. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak empat kali. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi pemberian CNSL berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap mortalitas Tribolium castaneum dan susut dedak padi, dengan konsentrasi 40% menghasilkan mortalitas tertinggi.  Hubungan antara jumlah Tribolium castaneum dengan susut dedak padi membentuk persamaan regresi Y = 0,0013X+0,1695 dengan nilai R2 = 0,5701, sedangan antara jumlah Tribolium castaneum dan susut dedak padi memiliki hubungan yang erat dengan nilai r = 0,76. Kesimpulan, penggunaan CNSL menyebabkan mortalitas pada Tribolium castaneumKata kunci :  chasey nut shell liquid, dedak padi, mortalitas, Tribolium castaneum
KARAKTERISASI VARIETAS UNGGUL BARU (VUB) PADI PADA UJI ADAPTASI DI KABUPATEN MERAUKE MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS DISKRIMINAN
Authors: Adnan Adnan , Palobo Fransiskus
Published: October 2019

Diskriminasi varietas unggul baru (VUB) padi penting dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan pada uji adaptasi beragam VUB pada waktu dan lokasi yang sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi VUB padi pada spesifik lokasi menggunakan analisis diskriminan. Data yang digunakan berasal dari penelitian uji adaptasi varietas Aek Sibundong, Inpago 1, Inpari 17, Inpari 18 dan Inpari 19 di kabupaten Merauke pada bulan Januari sampai Mei 2014. Parameter masukan untuk model analisis diskriminan adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan produktif, panjang malai, gabah isi, gabah hampa dan produktivitas. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa fungsi pertama analisis diskriminan mewakili 86.7% keragaman data, serta keragaman data mencapai 100% diperoleh pada fungsi ke empat. Koefisien diskriminan memperlihatkan produktivitas merupakan parameter berkontribusi besar terhadap fungsi diskriminan. Hasil akhir analisis diskriminan dapat mengenali varietas sebesar 100%.