bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing Burden for Caregivers of Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Domingues Nélia Sofia , Verreault Phylicia , Hudon Carol
Published: July 2018

Background/Rationale:

This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of the nonpharmacological interventions reducing burden, psychological symptoms, and improving quality of life of caregivers of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Method:

Databases reviewed included Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycNet, AgeLine, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Studies using an experimental/quasi-experimental design including nonpharmacological intervention were included. Four studies were included, and no meta-analysis was conducted.

Results:

Calendar training and note-taking (cognitive intervention) significantly decreased caregiver’s depressive symptoms and prevented worsening of subjective burden 6 months posttreatment. Daily engagement of meaningful activity combined with problem-solving therapy and educational material reduced depressive symptoms 3 months posttreatment. Moreover, educational intervention and social conversation phone calls decreased caregiver burden 3 months posttreatment.

Conclusion:

Studies suggest that nonpharmacological interventions can support caregivers of older adults with MCI, but the few published articles present some bias and are inconclusive. Randomized-controlled trials targeting specifically caregivers are needed to determine the most efficient type of interventions for those individuals.
Job Crafting and Performance: Literature Review and Implications for Human Resource Development
Authors: Lee Jae Young , Lee Yunsoo
Published: July 2018

Although work design is a significant theoretical foundation of human resource development (HRD), it has garnered little attention from researchers in the HRD field. To help remedy this oversight, we review job crafting, which is one of the most recent and significant work design theories. After reviewing 28 empirical studies examining the relationship between job crafting and performance, we discuss future research possibilities and implications for HRD theory and practice. As job crafting has been shown to have a positive relationship with performance, we encourage HRD researchers and practitioners to extend their understanding and application of job crafting.
FOXA1 knock-out via CRISPR/Cas9 altered Casp-9, Bax, CCND1, CDK4, and fibronectin expressions in LNCaP cells
Authors: Albayrak Gulsah , Konac Ece , Ugras Dikmen Asiye , Bilen Cenk Y
Published: July 2018

Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men and the leading cause of death in developed countries. With the aid of molecular and genetic profiling of cancers, cancer molecular subtypes are paving the way for tailored cancer therapy. FOXA1 has been identified as one of the seven molecular subtypes of prostate cancer. FOXA1 is involved in a variety of metabolic process such as glucose homeostasis and deregulation of its expression is crucial in prostate cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the effects of FOXA1 gene knock-out on the expression levels of various cancer cell metabolism and cell cycle-related protein expressions. FOXA1 gene was knocked-out by using CRISPR/Cas9 technique. While FOXA1 gene knock-out significantly altered Casp-9, Bax, CCND1, CDK4, and fibronectin protein expressions (P < 0.05, fold change: ∼40, 4.5, 2.5, 4.5, and 4, respectively), it did not affect the protein expression levels of Casp-3, Bcl-2, survivin, β-catenin, c-Myc, and GSK-3B. Knocking-out FOXA1 gene in androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cells inhibited CCND1 protein expression. Our pre-clinical results demonstrate the importance of FOXA1 as a drug target in the treatment of prostate cancer.

Impact statement

Knock-out studies offer a unique way of studying the function of genes especially for developmentally lethal genes. FOXA1 has prominent roles both in breast and prostate cancer pathogenesis due to its role in ER receptor signaling pathway. FOXA1 has also been identified as one of the seven molecular subtypes of primary prostate cancer. In the present study, we used an efficient gene knock-out method, CRISPR/Cas9, in order to investigate FOXA1 function on LNCaP prostate cancer cells in vitro. FOXA1 knock-out altered cell-cycle regulator CCND1 protein expression levels. Therefore, our results suggest that FOXA1 might be a plausible drug target for prostate cancer treatment.
Eye Movements Interfere With Limb Motor Control in Stroke Survivors
Authors: Singh Tarkeshwar , Perry Christopher M. , Fritz Stacy L. , Fridriksson Julius , Herter Troy M.
Published: July 2018

Background. Humans use voluntary eye movements to actively gather visual information during many activities of daily living, such as driving, walking, and preparing meals. Most stroke survivors have difficulties performing these functional motor tasks, and we recently demonstrated that stroke survivors who require many saccades (rapid eye movements) to plan reaching movements exhibit poor motor performance. However, the nature of this relationship remains unclear. Objective. Here we investigate if saccades interfere with speed and smoothness of reaching movements in stroke survivors, and if excessive saccades are associated with difficulties performing functional tasks. Methods. We used a robotic device and eye tracking to examine reaching and saccades in stroke survivors and age-matched controls who performed the Trail Making Test, a visuomotor task that uses organized patterns of saccades to plan reaching movements. We also used the Stroke Impact Scale to examine difficulties performing functional tasks. Results. Compared with controls, stroke survivors made many saccades during ongoing reaching movements, and most of these saccades closely preceded transient decreases in reaching speed. We also found that the number of saccades that stroke survivors made during ongoing reaching movements was strongly associated with slower reaching speed, decreased reaching smoothness, and greater difficulty performing functional tasks. Conclusions. Our findings indicate that poststroke interference between eye and limb movements may contribute to difficulties performing functional tasks. This suggests that interventions aimed at treating impaired organization of eye movements may improve functional recovery after stroke.
Analyzing Meaning-Making in Network Ties—A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Bernhard Stefan
Published: July 2018

How to understand meaning-making in social relations has long been a key issue in sociological network thinking and research and has been addressed by an impressive body of research, most with either a theory-oriented or a method-oriented focus. This article argues for the value of strengthening the links between both approaches to meaning-making in networks. From an empirical perspective, this article draws on small story research and combines it with recent advances in network theory led by Harrison C. White. People relate to one another by telling small stories that engage positioned identities in story lines. Meaning-making in social relations builds on and continues this shared storytelling history. I suggest two basic analytical operations to reconstruct meaning-making in social ties from textual data. The first basic operation disentangles small story sequences from a text and investigates their identity positionings (small story level). The second basic operation integrates all small stories about a tie and teases out varieties of identity positionings, their patterning, and their inner logic (tie level). This article presents a practical procedure to analyze meaning-making in network ties that is simultaneously combined with qualitative research principles and consistent with recent developments in sociological network thinking.
The impact of urgent computed tomography angiography for gunshot wounds in extremities with concomitant vascular injuries on diagnosis and postoperative outcomes
Authors: Mansor Salah , Bendardaf Rashid , Issa Youssef , Moftah Muad
Published: July 2018

Background and Objectives

Computed tomography angiography represents one of the most important investigation modalities in the diagnosis and follow-up of vascular diseases. We prospectively compare between patients who have had preoperative computed tomography (CT) angiography and others who had not, to analyze the influence of CT angiography on the diagnosis and postoperative outcomes in gunshot cases.

Methods

A Cohort study to compare between patients who underwent preoperative CT angiography and others who had not, to analyze the influence of CT angiography on the diagnosis and postoperative outcomes in patients who suffer from urgent vascular reconstruction due to gunshot wounds in extremities with concomitant vascular injuries, in the time period from 17 February 2011 to 31 December 2011 in Al-Jalaa Hospital, Benghazi, Libya.

Results

During the study period, 89 patients were included, of whom 88 (99%) were males and 1 (1%) was female; the mean age was 29.5 years. Patients were arranged into two groups. The first group of 38 patients (43%) were operated urgently without preoperative CT angiographic evaluation. The second group of 51 patients (57%) have had a preoperative CT angiographic evaluation.

Conclusion

In the light of our study, we favor the immediate operative exploration of gunshot wounds in extremities with concomitant hard signs of vascular injuries without waiting for preoperative CT angiography, thereby minimizing the shock state and ischemic interval. CT angiography may be required for a more stable patient to avoid unnecessary surgical exploration.
Excitatory second-order conditioning using a backward first-order conditioned stimulus: A challenge for prediction error reduction
Authors: Prével Arthur , Rivière Vinca , Darcheville Jean-Claude , Urcelay Gonzalo P , Miller Ralph R
Published: July 2018

Prével and colleagues reported excitatory learning with a backward conditioned stimulus (CS) in a conditioned reinforcement preparation. Their results add to existing evidence of backward CSs sometimes being excitatory and were viewed as challenging the view that learning is driven by prediction error reduction, which assumes that only predictive (i.e., forward) relationships are learned. The results instead were consistent with the assumptions of both Miller’s Temporal Coding Hypothesis and Wagner’s Sometimes Opponent Processes (SOP) model. The present experiment extended the conditioned reinforcement preparation developed by Prével et al. to a backward second-order conditioning preparation, with the aim of discriminating between these two accounts. We tested whether a second-order CS can serve as an effective conditioned reinforcer, even when the first-order CS with which it was paired is a backward CS that elicits no responding. Evidence of conditioned reinforcement was found, despite no conditioned response (CR) being elicited by the first-order backward CS. The evidence of second-order conditioning in the absence of excitatory conditioning to the first-order CS is interpreted as a challenge to SOP. In contrast, the present results are consistent with the Temporal Coding Hypothesis and constitute a conceptual replication in humans of previous reports of excitatory second-order conditioning in rodents with a backward CS. The proposal is made that learning is driven by “discrepancy” with prior experience as opposed to “ prediction error.”
Family-led rehabilitation in India (ATTEND)—Findings from the process evaluation of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Hueiming , Lindley Richard , Alim Mohammed , Felix Cynthia , Gandhi Dorcas BC , Verma Shweta J , Tugnawat Deepak K , Syrigapu Anuradha , Ramamurthy Ramaprabhu K , Pandian Jeyaraj D , Walker Marion , Forster Anne , Hackett Maree L , Anderson Craig S , Langhorne Peter , Murthy Gudlavalleti VS , Maulik Pallab K , Harvey Lisa A , Jan Stephen
Published: July 2018

Background

Training family carers to provide evidence-based rehabilitation to stroke patients could address the recognized deficiency of access to stroke rehabilitation in low-resource settings. However, our randomized controlled trial in India (ATTEND) found that this model of care was not superior to usual care alone.

Aims

This process evaluation aimed to better understand trial outcomes through assessing trial implementation and exploring patients’, carers’, and providers’ perspectives.

Methods

Our mixed methods study included process, healthcare use data and patient demographics from all sites; observations and semi-structured interviews with participants (22 patients, 22 carers, and 28 health providers) from six sampled sites.

Results

Intervention fidelity and adherence to the trial protocol was high across the 14 sites; however, early supported discharge (an intervention component) was not implemented. Within both randomized groups, some form of rehabilitation was widely accessed. ATTEND stroke coordinators provided counseling and perceived that sustaining patients’ motivation to continue with rehabilitation in the face of significant emotional and financial stress as a key challenge. The intervention was perceived as an acceptable community-based package with education as an important component in raising the poor awareness of stroke. Many participants viewed family-led rehabilitation as a necessary model of care for poor and rural populations who could not access rehabilitation.

Conclusion

Difficulty in sustaining patient and carer motivation for rehabilitation without ongoing support, and greater than anticipated access to routine rehabilitation may explain the lack of benefit in the trial. Nonetheless, family-led rehabilitation was seen as a concept worthy of further development.
Traces of violence: Representing the atrocities of war
Authors: Carrabine Eamonn
Published: July 2018

This article explores the relationships between war and representation through the use of visual images, and takes a cue from the French cultural theorist Paul Virilio, who has written extensively on the militarization of vision in ways that have yet to be fully recognized in criminology. It then outlines some of the disputes surrounding documentary photography, not least since one of the main factors driving the development of the medium was the desire to record warfare, before turning to recent efforts to reconfigure the violence of representation by focusing on what has been termed ‘aftermath photography’, where practitioners deliberately adopt an anti-reportage position, slowing down the image-making process and arriving well after the decisive moment. This more contemplative strategy challenges the oversimplification of much photojournalism and the article concludes by reflecting on how military-turned-consumer technologies are structuring our everyday lives in more and more pervasive ways.
Antibacterial surface modification of titanium implants in orthopaedics
Authors: Orapiriyakul Wich , Young Peter S , Damiati Laila , Tsimbouri Penelope M
Published: July 2018

The use of biomaterials in orthopaedics for joint replacement, fracture healing and bone regeneration is a rapidly expanding field. Infection of these biomaterials is a major healthcare burden, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, the cost to healthcare systems is increasing dramatically. With advances in implant design and production, research has predominately focussed on osseointegration; however, modification of implant material, surface topography and chemistry can also provide antibacterial activity. With the increasing burden of infection, it is vitally important that we consider the bacterial interaction with the biomaterial and the host when designing and manufacturing future implants. During this review, we will elucidate the interaction between patient, biomaterial surface and bacteria. We aim to review current and developing surface modifications with a view towards antibacterial orthopaedic implants for clinical applications.
Capturing the gaze in film: Feminist critiques of Jewish and Islamic orthodoxy in Israel and Iran
Authors: Shenker Yael
Published: July 2018

This article addresses issues of body and sexuality exposed by documentary films about orthodox Jewish women in Israel and traditional Islamic women in Iran, directed by Anat Yuta Zuria and Ziba Mir-Hosseini (with Kim Longinotto), respectively. These two groups of religious women are faced with some similar circumstances. The directors of these films use their cameras to expose not only the male gaze, but sometimes they also turn their cameras back on the men who perpetuate and benefit from religious legal systems that subjugate these women. The camera thus is not merely a documentary tool but also a political tool revealing what is hidden in the inner sanctum and redeeming it from the “private sphere.” This comparison highlights the potential of Jewish feminism in Israel; it challenges it to work in alliance with Islamic women who live either as citizens in Israel or as non-citizens in the occupied territories.
Revision anatomic shoulder arthroplasty with posterior capsular plication for correction of posterior instability
Authors: Alentorn-Geli Eduard , Wanderman Nathan R , Assenmacher Andrew T , Sperling John W , Cofield Robert H , Sánchez-Sotelo Joaquín
Published: July 2018

Background:

Revision of failed anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty is a challenging procedure. Restoring adequate soft tissue balance in the revision setting can be particularly problematic. When persistent posterior instability is encountered in the revision setting, options include changing component position or size, posterior capsular plication (PCP), or conversion to a reverse arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical and radiographic outcomes, complications, and reoperations of PCP performed in the setting of revision anatomic shoulder arthroplasty.

Patients and Methods:

Between 1975 and 2013, 15 patients (16 shoulders) had PCP during revision anatomic shoulder arthroplasty. Indications for revision arthroplasty included posterior instability in 15, glenoid loosening in 3, polyethylene wear in 2, and glenoid erosion in 1 shoulder. The mean (standard deviation (SD)) age was 60.1 (12.6) years, and the median (range) follow-up was 68 (2–228) months. A retrospective chart review was conducted to obtain all data.

Results:

At the last follow-up, nine shoulders (56%) had absence of posterior radiographic subluxation. Five (31%) cases underwent reoperation due to persistent posterior instability. Complications were observed in seven (44%) cases. Complete pain relief was achieved in four (25%) shoulders. The mean (SD) postoperative forward flexion, external rotation, and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score were 110° (41°), 40° (29°), and 62.1 (21.9), respectively. Results were excellent in two (13%), satisfactory in seven (44%), and unsatisfactory in seven (44%) shoulders.

Conclusions:

PCP to correct posterior instability during revision anatomic shoulder arthroplasty had an unacceptably high failure rate. In these circumstances, consideration should instead be given to conversion to a reverse shoulder arthroplasty.
Differential Entry of First and Non-first-generation Students in Higher Education with Reference to India
Authors: Wadhwa Rashim
Published: July 2018

In India, the inequality in education from the perspective of first-generation learners has drawn little attention. So there is an urgent need to pay attention on the issue of how robust is the effect of first generation in causing educational inequality as the first-generation students are typically confronted with the dynamics of caste-based inequality in addition to their deficiency in the cultural and social capital. In this context, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the rationale behind first- and non-first-generation students’ entry into higher education and factors which influence their decision. Methodology of the present study involves a mixed method approach, and data have been collected from the sample of 400 first-year students from Jammu and Kashmir State of India which comprises 200 first- and 200 non-first-generation students. Self-structured questionnaire and semi-structured interviews have been used for data collection. Factor analysis and independent sample t-test have been used for analysis purpose. Findings of study highlight that perceived family influence, relative functionalism, self-efficacy and significant others to be less powerful factors affecting their pursuit of higher education than non-first-generation students.
Resisting long working hours: The case of Spanish female teleworkers
Authors: Gálvez Ana , Tirado Francisco , Alcaráz José Manuel
Published: July 2018

Spain has some of the longest working days in the European Union and this presents problems for women employees, especially with regard to their work–life balance. Teleworking has been introduced as a possible solution. Our article analyses this working relationship and shows how female teleworkers produce new interpretations of time, space and agency. When it comes to time, we conclude that there is ‘gendered time’ and ‘resistance time’. This (a) illustrates how women who telework deploy different approaches in the way they relate to their temporal, spatial and material worlds, and (b) defines a particular type of agency associated with teleworking that vindicates their condition as both female workers and mothers, and denounces a patriarchal labour model designed by and for men.
Aryans versus Non-Aryans: A Study of Dalit Narratives of India’s Ancient Past
Authors: Kumar Ashish
Published: July 2018

This article discusses the Dalit narratives of India’s ancient past, particularly varied interpretations of Aryan invasion of India. The colonial administrators introduced Aryan theory and race science in order to justify their authority over India. In a response, social reformers and nationalist scholars, largely coming from upper castes, constructed their own narratives of Indian history, which promoted the idea of glorious Aryan-Hindu past. Contrary to the colonial and nationalist scholars, who had characterized the Aryan race as a founder of Hindu civilization, Jotirao Phule’s counter-narrative projected them as foreign invaders. In addition, as Brahmanas were identified with Aryans, all non-Brahmanas including Shudras and untouchables were identified as original inhabitants of India in Dalit writings. However, Ambedkar, who challenged the colonial and nationalist views on Aryan invasion, refused to accept Jotirao Phule’s identification of Aryans with foreign invaders. Instead, he rejected the Aryan invasion theory and presence of distinct warring races in ancient India. The article highlights the impact of the rapidly changing political atmosphere of the 1940s on Ambedkar’s counter-narratives that proposed a common Aryan identity for all—Brahmanas, Shudras and untouchables.
Understanding the Dichotomy of Auspicious and Untouchability: An Ethnographic Study of Damai Musicians of Nepal
Authors: Gurung Ganga B.
Published: July 2018

In Nepal, just as in major parts of India and some other South Asian countries, the issue of untouchability still prevails. People even now face unjust discrimination on the basis of caste. They are prohibited from visiting public places such as temples and water taps. In this article, I have investigated the dichotomy of auspiciousness and untouchability faced by the Pariyars, one of the downtrodden caste groups of Nepal, also known as Damai. The music they create, compose and play is famous throughout the country which is popularly known as the Panchai Baja and Naumati Baja and is taken as auspicious. I adopted ethnographic research methods to obtain the qualitative data through in-depth interviews, participant observations and field notes from 21 research participants who were actively engaged in music. I have analysed the social relations and cultural identity in reference to auspicious music and untouchability faced by the Damai musicians of Nepal. The findings indicate that untouchability is an outcome of cultural hegemony, caste-based hierarchy and socio-economic order, fatalism and cultural reproduction despite modernity and social and political awareness among young people. This ethnographic study throws light upon the dichotomy of auspicious and untouchability through the lived experiences of the research participants.
二十一世纪汉字文化圈书写记忆文本库
Authors: 克和 臧
Published: July 2018

汉字书写记忆文本库建设, 汉字文化圈书写记忆恢复, 乃至整个表意文字体系书写记忆大数据挖掘, 是一项二十一世纪 AI 时代无可替代的重要课题。

“汉字过渡性形体” 以及 “中介字迹” 说, 为汉字书写文本库的大数据挖掘, 提供了理论依据。在战国秦汉六朝漫长的草写过程中, 汉字实际上经历了两次解构: 其一是篆文的隶变, 其二是楷法的易简。第一次解构, 注意者众多, 调查研究课题非常集中。第二次解构即草书流行过程中, 构件可以重新归并, 串通变换；有的笔顺, 可以变换书写方向, 在一定程度上建立了新的区别机制, 释放出成批的过渡性形体, 极少量部分被固定为 “定型楷字”, 海量的字迹则仅仅形成 “中介字迹” 。

基于大数据建设, 深入挖掘海量汉字书写记忆数据, 成为汉字书写记忆文本库建设的当务之急。日韩中汉字文化圈主要地区, 其中所存极其重要价值的书简手迹, 分门别类成系统地搜集整理, 正是其中无可替代的重要环节。汉字书写记忆文本库, 既是汉字发展史学、新史料学的基础, 也是发掘人类世界认知发展、揭示智慧传承规律无可替代的 “第一手数据” 。
虢季子白盘的年代及相关历史问题考述
Authors: 杨博
Published: July 2018

摘要

虢季子白盘的纹饰及书风均带有春秋初期的特点, 铭文历日于宣王、平王（携王）纪年均合。由于长期以来受史料所限而对于西周灭亡, 周二王并立时期的史实认识不清, 造成多数学者倾向于将虢盘时代定于周宣王十二年。清华简《系年》第二章简文, 提供了在携王正统观念下的史官叙述, 使我们对于这段历史的认识较以往有了很大的进步, 同时也提示我们重新考虑虢盘断代在携王十二年的可能。
Respecting water: Indigenous water governance, ontologies, and the politics of kinship on the ground
Authors: Wilson Nicole J , Inkster Jody
Published: July 2018

Indigenous peoples often view water as a living entity or a relative, to which they have a sacred responsibility. Such a perspective frequently conflicts with settler societies’ view of water as a “resource” that can be owned, managed, and exploited. Although rarely articulated explicitly, water conflicts are rooted in ontological differences between Indigenous and settler views of water. Furthermore, the unequal water governance landscape created by settler colonialism has perpetuated the suppression of Indigenous ways of conceptualizing water. This paper thus examines the “political ontology” of water by drawing on insights from the fields of critical Indigenous studies, post-humanism, and water governance. Additionally, we engage a case study of four Yukon First Nations (Carcross/Tagish, Kluane, Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in, and White River First Nations) in the Canadian North to examine their water ontologies through the lens of a politics of kinship including ideas about “respecting water.” We also examine the assumptions of settler-colonial water governance in the territory, shaped by modern land claims and self-government agreements. We close by discussing the implications of Indigenous water ontologies for alternate modes of governing water.
Intensifying Treatment of Childhood B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia With IKZF1 Deletion Reduces Relapse and Improves Overall Survival: Results of Malaysia-Singapore ALL 2010 Study
Authors: Yeoh Allen Eng Juh , Lu Yi , Chin Winnie Hui Ni , Chiew Edwynn Kean Hui , Lim Evelyn Huizi , Li Zhenhua , Kham Shirley Kow Yin , Chan Yiong Huak , Abdullah Wan Ariffin , Lin Hai Peng , Chan Lee Lee , Lam Joyce Ching Mei , Tan Poh Lin , Quah Thuan Chong , Tan Ah Moy , Ariffin Hany
Published: July 2018

Purpose

Although IKZF1 deletion ( IKZF1del) confers a higher risk of relapse in childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), it is uncertain whether treatment intensification will reverse this risk and improve outcomes. The Malaysia-Singapore ALL 2010 study (MS2010) prospectively upgraded the risk assignment of patients with IKZF1del to the next highest level and added imatinib to the treatment of all patients with BCR- ABL1 fusion.

Patients and Methods

In total, 823 patients with B-ALL treated in the Malyasia-Singapore ALL 2003 study (MS2003; n = 507) and MS2010 (n = 316) were screened for IKZF1del using the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay. The impact of IKZF1del on the 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) was compared between the two studies.

Results

Patient characteristics were similar in both cohorts, including IKZF1del frequencies (59 of 410 [14.4%] v 50 of 275 [18.2%]; P = .2). In MS2003, where IKZF1del was not used in risk assignment, IKZF1del conferred a significantly higher 5-year CIR (30.4% v 8.1%; P = 8.7 × 10−7), particularly in the intermediate-risk group who lacked high-risk features (25.0% v 7.5%; P = .01). For patients with BCR-ABL1–negative disease, IKZF1del conferred a higher 5-year CIR (20.5% v 8.0%; P = .01). In MS2010, the 5-year CIR of patients with IKZF1del significantly decreased to 13.5% ( P = .05) and no longer showed a significant difference in patients with BCR-ABL1-negative disease (11.4% v 4.4%; P = .09). The 5-year overall survival for patients with IKZF1del improved from 69.6% in MS2003 to 91.6% in MS2010 ( P = .007).

Conclusion

Intensifying therapy for childhood B-ALL with IKZF1del significantly reduced the risk of relapse and improved overall survival. Incorporating IKZF1del screening significantly improved treatment outcomes in contemporary ALL therapy.
Evidence Review Conducted for the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Safety Program for Improving Surgical Care and Recovery: Focus on Anesthesiology for Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Soffin Ellen M. , Gibbons Melinda M. , Ko Clifford Y. , Kates Stephen L. , Wick Elizabeth C. , Cannesson Maxime , Scott Michael J. , Wu Christopher L.
Published: July 2018

Successes using enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols for total hip arthroplasty (THA) are increasingly being reported. As in other surgical subspecialties, ERAS for THA has been associated with superior outcomes, improved patient satisfaction, reduced length of hospital stay, and cost savings. Nonetheless, the adoption of ERAS to THA has not been universal. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, in partnership with the American College of Surgeons and the Johns Hopkins Medicine Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, has developed the Safety Program for Improving Surgical Care and Recovery. We have conducted an evidence review to select anesthetic interventions that positively influence outcomes and facilitate recovery after THA. A literature search was performed for each intervention, and the highest levels of available evidence were considered. Anesthesiology-related interventions for pre- (carbohydrate loading/fasting, multimodal preanesthetic medications), intra- (standardized intraoperative pathway, regional anesthesia, ventilation, tranexamic acid, fluid minimization, glycemic control), and postoperative (multimodal analgesia) phases of care are included. We have summarized the best available evidence to recommend the anesthetic components of care for ERAS for THA. There is evidence in the literature and from society guidelines to support the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Safety Program for Improving Surgical Care and Recovery goals for THA.
Preoperative Continuation Versus Interruption of Oral Hypoglycemics in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gasanova Irina , Meng Jin , Minhajuddin Abu , Melikman Emily , Alexander John C. , Joshi Girish P.
Published: July 2018

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving oral hypoglycemic drugs (OHDs) are usually instructed to stop them before surgery. We hypothesize that continuing OHD preoperatively should result in lower perioperative blood glucose (BG) levels. Ambulatory surgery patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on OHDs were randomized to continue (n = 69) or withhold (n = 73) OHDs preoperatively. Log-transformed BG levels at pre-, intra-, and postoperative periods were analyzed. Perioperative BG levels were significantly lower (mean, 138 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval, 130–146 mg/dL) in the group that continued versus the group that discontinued OHDs (mean, 156 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval, 146–167 mg/dL; P < .001).
Neutral lineage tracing of proliferative embryonic and adult mammary stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Lloyd-Lewis Bethan , Davis Felicity M. , Harris Olivia B. , Hitchcock Jessica R. , Watson Christine J.
Published: July 2018

Mammary gland development occurs over multiple phases, beginning in the mammalian embryo and continuing throughout reproductive life. The remarkable morphogenetic capacity of the mammary gland at each stage of development is attributed to the activities of distinct populations of mammary stem cells (MaSCs) and progenitor cells. However, the relationship between embryonic and adult MaSCs, and their fate during different waves of mammary gland morphogenesis, remains unclear. By employing a neutral, low-density genetic labelling strategy, we characterised the contribution of proliferative stem/progenitor cells to embryonic, pubertal and reproductive mammary gland development. Our findings further support a model of lineage restriction of MaSCs in the postnatal mammary gland, and highlight extensive redundancy and heterogeneity within the adult stem/progenitor cell pool. Furthermore, our data suggest extensive multiplicity in their foetal precursors that give rise to the primordial mammary epithelium before birth. In addition, using a single-cell labelling approach, we revealed the extraordinary capacity of a single embryonic MaSC to contribute to postnatal ductal development. Together, these findings provide tantalising new insights into the disparate and stage-specific contribution of distinct stem/progenitor cells to mammary gland development.
Associations of Sedentary Time with Energy Expenditure and Anthropometric Measures
Authors: BONN STEPHANIE E. , RIMM ERIC B. , MATTHEWS CHARLES E. , TROIANO RICHARD P. , BOWLES HEATHER R. , ROOD JENNIFER , BARNETT JUNAIDAH B. , WILLETT WALTER C. , CHOMISTEK ANDREA K.
Published: July 2018

Purpose

To investigate associations between accelerometer-determined sedentary time (ST) in prolonged (≥30 min) and nonprolonged (<30 min) bouts with physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) from doubly labeled water. Additionally, associations between ST and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were examined.

Methods

Data from 736 women and 655 men age 43 to 82 yr were analyzed. Participants wore the Actigraph GT3X for 7 d on two occasions approximately 6 months apart, and the average of the measurements was used. Physical activity energy expenditure was estimated by subtracting resting metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food from doubly labeled water estimates of total daily energy expenditure. Cross-sectional associations were analyzed using isotemporal substitution modeling.

Results

Reallocation of prolonged ST to nonprolonged was not associated with increased PAEE and only significantly associated with lower BMI (β = −0.57 kg·m−2; 95% confidence interval, −0.94 to −0.20) and waist circumference (β = −1.61 cm; 95% confidence interval, −2.61 to −0.60) in men. Replacing either type of ST with light or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was significantly associated with higher PAEE, and lower BMI and waist circumference in both women and men.

Conclusions

Limiting time spent sedentary as well as decreasing ST accumulated in prolonged bouts may have beneficial effects on BMI and waist circumference. Replacing any type of ST with activities of light or higher intensity may also have a substantial impact on PAEE.
Innovation and Production in the Global Economy
Authors: Arkolakis Costas , Ramondo Natalia , Rodríguez-Clare Andrés , Yeaple Stephen
Published: July 2018

We develop a quantifiable general equilibrium model of trade and multinational production (MP) in which countries can specialize in innovation or production. Home market effects or comparative advantage leads some countries to specialize in innovation and relegate manufacturing operations to other countries via outward MP. Counterfactual analysis reveals that the reduction in the cost of MP or the integration of China into the world economy may hurt countries that are driven to specialize in production, although these losses tend to be very small. Contrary to popular fears, production workers gain even in countries that further specialize in innovation. (JEL D58, F12, F14, F23, L60, O31)
“NAD-capQ” detection and quantitation of NAD caps
Authors: Grudzien-Nogalska Ewa , Bird Jeremy G. , Nickels Bryce E. , Kiledjian Megerditch
Published: July 2018

RNA 5′ cap structures comprising the metabolic effector nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) have been identified in diverse organisms. Here we report a simple, two-step procedure to detect and quantitate NAD-capped RNA, termed “NAD-capQ.” By use of NAD-capQ we quantitate NAD-capped RNA levels in Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and human cells, and we measure increases in NAD-capped RNA levels in cells from all three organisms harboring disruptions in their respective “deNADding” enzymes. We further show that NAD-capped RNA levels in human cells respond to changes in cellular NAD concentrations, indicating that NAD capping provides a mechanism for human cells to directly sense and respond to alterations in NAD metabolism. Our findings establish NAD-capQ as a versatile, rapid, and accessible methodology to detect and quantitate 5′-NAD caps on endogenous RNA in any organism.
O princípio da eficiência administrativa na jurisprudência do TCU
Authors: Cabral Flávio Garcia
Published: July 2018

The principle of administrative efficiency in TCU’s jurisprudence Este trabalho busca discorrer sobre como o princípio da eficiência administrativa vem sendo interpretado no bojo das decisões proferidas no Tribunal de Contas da União na ordem jurídica brasileira de 1988. Para tanto se apresentará a figura do Tribunal de Contas da União, com suas principais competências constitucionais, para, por meio da análise de decisões pontuais exaradas pelo TCU, compreender qual tem sido a interpretação trazida pela Corte de Contas à eficiência administrativa. This paper seeks to discuss how the principle of administrative efficiency has been interpreted in the decisions of the Brazilian Government Accountability Office in its legal system of 1988. To do so it will present the figure of the Brazilian Government Accountability Office, with its main constitutional powers, so that, through the analysis of its specific decisions, understand which has been the interpretation brought by the Brazilian Government Accountability Office for the principle of administrative efficiency.
O futebol na China: do cuju (蹴鞠) ao sonho de se tornar uma potência mundial
Authors: Júnior Emanuel Leite , Rodrigues Carlos
Published: July 2018

De acordo com a FIFA, a origem histórica do futebol se encontra na China Antiga, na prática do cuju (蹴鞠), que remonta à Dinastia Han (206AC – 220DC) e foi bastante popular durante a Dinastia Song (960–1279). Prática que foi perdida, provavelmente, no período da Dinastia Qing (Século 17). O futebol moderno, codificado na Inglaterra em 1863, chegaria ao país em 1879. Ao longo do Século 20, apesar de algumas tentativas, a China foi incapaz de obter sucesso neste esporte. Agora, o país tem um ambicioso sonho. Quer se tornar potência do futebol mundial até 2050. Para isso, lançou em 2016 o “Plano de desenvolvimento do futebol a médio e longo prazo (2016-2050)”. Este artigo apresenta a evolução histórica do futebol na China e questiona o que motiva os chineses na busca da concretização deste audacioso Plano.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND RIETVELD REFINEMENT OF ZEOLITE A SYNTHESIZED FROM FINE-GRAINED PERLITE WASTE MATERIALS
Authors: Psycharis V. , Perdikatsis V. , Christidis G.
Published: July 2018

Synthetic zeolites have been produced from a variety of natural silica-rich rocks including volcanic glasses, such as perlite and pumice. The Zeolite studied in this work has been synthesized from perlite and expanded perlite fines. Detailed powder X-ray diffraction studies determined it as Zeolite A. In early studies the structure of Zeolite-Α was described with a cubic cell with a=12.3 A and space group Pm-3m. However the observation of the (531) reflection indicates that a F lattice with a larger cell of 24.60 A gives a more accurate description. Two end products were studied on the basis of the degree of crystallization of the parent gels to zeolite A . One end product was characterized by total conversion of the incipient gel to zeolite A with high degree of crystallinity, whereas in the second a substantial amount of the original gel did not crystallize out and zeolite A coexisted with amorphous material. The former resulted from gels with S1O2/AI2O3 molar ratio 2:1 and 5 hours reaction time and the latter from gels with SÌO2/AI2O3 molar ratio of 2.5:1 and 3 hours reaction time. The X-ray powder diffraction data recorded from the former sample were used for the analysis of the crystal structure of zeolite A and the final model was refined by the Rietveld method.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME GREEK KAOLINS OF DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS OF ORIGIN
Authors: Tsolis-Katagas P. , Papoulis D.
Published: July 2018

Two widely different kaolin deposits were investigated in order to determine their physical and chemical properties and suggest their possible utilization. Kaolin deposits from Leucogia area, NE Greece, were formed in situ by weathering of gneissic rocks under a temperate climate; they consist largely of halloysite exhibiting different morphological forms, and stacks and plates of kaolinite in various proportions. The kaolin occurrences of Kos island are products of hydrothermally altered rhyolitic rocks of Pliocene age. The highly altered samples contain dickite and kaolinite. Testing included particle size distribution, brightness and whiteness, measurement of CEC (cation exchange capacity) and some ceramic properties including Atterberg limits. The CEC values range between 3.8-8 meq/100 g and 0.8-2.2 meq/100 g for kaolin samples from Leucogia and Kos island respectively and reflect the differences in clay mineralogy and the characteristic kaolin mineral present. Platy halloysite enhances CEC in Leucogia kaolins while kaolinite-rich samples in Kos exhibit higher CEC values than dickite-rich samples. Atterberg limit tests reveal the Leucogia and Kos kaolins to be of low to medium plasticity and to be classified in the category of kaolinitic clays suitable for brick making. The Leucogia kaolin shows relatively higher brightness (47-60%) and whiteness (62-77%) than Kos kaolin (41-48% and 61-66% respectively). These properties are influenced by the type of kaolin mineral present, their relative proportions and the FeaCb content of the samples. The obtained values for brightness and whiteness from both areas are lower compared to the standard commercial kaolins for the paper and filler market. Brightness, however, can be improved by fine grinding and refinement. The physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of Leucogia and Kos kaolins indicate that they are of low grade type. However, kaolin processing from the crude state can optimize some of these highly commercial properties
EPITHERMAL SYSTEMS AND GOLD MINERALIZATION IN WESTERN THRACE (NORTHERN GREECE)
Authors: Michael C.
Published: July 2018

Extensive epithermal systems occur within the Tertiary volcanosedimentary basins of western Thrace northern Greece. Gold deposits or perspective gold districts, related to the above epithermal systems have been recently found in the area. The gold mineralization is of the high – sulfidation type and is associated to a diversity in composition and style volcanic activity. Sappes epithermal system is the most important (Saint Demetrios and Viper deposits) and has developed in volcanic "ocks of intermediate composition accompanied by subvolcanic intrusives (dacite - andésites) and plutonio rocks (quartz - monzodiorites). Saint Demetrios and Viper gold deposits are flat lying and of high sulfidation type mineralizations hosted in hydrothermal breccia zones. Petrota epithermal system has developed in volcanoclastic and epiclastic rocks (Perama Hill gold deposit), in rhyolites (location Othontoto) and within hyaloclastites and crystal tuffs (location Mavrokoryfi). The mineralized epithermal zones have strong structural control. Perama gold deposit occurs at the intersection of NS and NW trending epithermal zones. These structures represent the higher grade "feeder" system. Pefka epithermal system is hosted in more acid volcanic vocks (dacites, rhyodacites) and at its southern part (Pasa lofos area) the system is associated with a more alkaline suit (shoshonitic rocks). The mineralized silicifid zones at Pefka mine would correspond to concentric fractures (sheeted fracturing) parallel to the margin of the breccia pipe. The gold mineralization occurs in veins. In general gold occurs in the form of native gold, gold tellurides or it is associated with enargite, luzonite, tetrahedhte. Advanced argillic alteration and intense silicification are very important for the epithermal systems in western Thrace. A unique low - sulfidation occurrence was found at the central and southern part of Sappes area. Adularla was found in veinlets overlapping argillic alteration zones of high - sulfidation system.
EVOLUTION AND ORIGIN OF THE MARONIA PLUTON, THRACE, GREECE
Authors: Papadopoulou L. , Christofides G. , Koroneos Α. , Bröcker M. , Soldatos T. , Eleftheriadis G.
Published: July 2018

The Maronia pluton is the youngest of the Tertiary plutons that occurred in Thrace. Three rock groups have been distinguished: a basic, an intermediate and an acid one. Based on geochemical and isotopie characteristics, the basic group probably represents a magma that isotopically equilibrated with the intermediate group at a certain point of its evolution. The evolution of the intermediate group can be described by an assimilation-fractional crystallization process (AFC). The acid group represents crustai melts that are not genetically related to the basic and intermediate groups. The emplacement of the pluton is related to post-collisional extension resulting from the subduction of the African under the European plate. The magma source of the basic and intermediate group is considered to be a LI LE- and LREE-enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle. The acid group has probably derived by the partial melting of crustai rocks and in particular, gneiss.
Market penetration of Xpert MTB/RIF in high tuberculosis burden countries: A trend analysis from 2014 - 2016
Authors: Cazabon Danielle , Pande Tripti , Kik Sandra , Van Gemert Wayne , Sohn Hojoon , Denkinger Claudia , Qin Zhi Zhen , Waning Brenda , Pai Madhukar
Published: July 2018

Background: Xpert® MTB/RIF, a rapid tuberculosis (TB) molecular test, was endorsed by the World Health Organization in 2010. Since then, 34.4 million cartridges have been procured under concessional pricing. Although the roll out of this diagnostic is promising, previous studies showed low market penetration.

Methods: To assess 3-year trends of market penetration of Xpert MTB/RIF in the public sector, smear and Xpert MTB/RIF volumes for the year 2016 were assessed and policies from 2014-2016 within 22 high-burden countries (HBCs) were studied. A structured questionnaire was sent to representatives of 22 HBCs. The questionnaires assessed the total smear and Xpert MTB/RIF volumes, number of modules and days of operation of GeneXpert machines in National TB Programs (NTPs). Data regarding the use of NTP GeneXpert machines for other diseases and GeneXpert procurement by other disease control programs were collected. Market penetration was estimated by the ratio of total sputum smear volume for initial diagnosis divided by the number of Xpert MTB/RIF tests procured in the public sector.

Results: The survey response rate was 21/22 (95%). Smear/Xpert ratios decreased in 17/21 countries and increased in four countries, since 2014. The median ratio decreased from 32.6 (Q1:14.3, Q3: 58.9) in 2014 to 6.0 (Q1: 1.6, Q3: 17.0) in 2016. Nineteen countries (19/19; 100%) were not using GeneXpert machines to their full capacity, however seven countries (7/19; 37%) were running tests for other diseases on their NTP-procured GeneXpert systems in 2017, such as HIV, hepatitis-C virus (HCV), Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Five (5/15; 33%) countries reported GeneXpert procurement by HIV or HCV programs in 2016 and/or 2017.

Conclusions: Our results show a positive trend for Xpert MTB/RIF market penetration in 21 HBC public sectors. However, GeneXpert machines were under-utilized for TB, and inadequately exploited as a multi disease technology.