bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI STANDAR AKUNTANSI PEMERINTAH (SAP) BERBASIS AKRUAL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Trisnawati Novi
Published: April 2020

Accrual-based accounting system is a modern accounting system that is widely applied in developed countries. While Indonesia has been using an accrual-based accounting system in the private sector for a long time. however, for the government sector, before 2010 Indonesia still used cash basis and cash toward accrual basis. But after the issuance of PP 71 of 2010 all government sectors are required to use an accrual basis to prepare their financial statements. The application of the accrual basis is expected to be able to improve the performance of government units. This improvement will be demonstrated by the better opinion obtained on financial statements, both LKPP and LKKL. And the improved opinion obtained will increase public confidence in the government regarding the use of funds that have been obtained from them. Therefore, for the implementation of accrual basis accounting to be fully implemented, several requirements are needed, including: (1) Improvements that must be made to an adequate accounting system and accounting technology, including a reliable internal control system; (2) The availability of competent accountants as adequate HR requirements; (3) Appropriate strategies are used for applying the accrual basis; (4) political commitment; and (5) communicating the purpose of applying this basis.

Keywords: government accounting standard, accrual based accounting
Pemahaman Konsep Minyak Bumi Hasil Pembelajaran Menggunakan Model Kooperatif Tipe SQ3R Di SMA Negeri 4 Palangka Raya Tahun Ajaran 2017∕2018
Authors: Anjeli Anjeli , Meiliawati Ruli , Fatah Abdul Hadjranul
Published: April 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan pemahaman siswa tentang konsep minyak bumi hasil pembelajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe SQ3R (Survey-Question-Read-Recite-Review) di SMA Negeri 4 Palangka Raya Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018. Penelitian ini melibatkan siswa kelas XI MIA-3 SMA Negeri 4 Palangka Raya Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018 sebanyak 24 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes pemahaman konsep berupa essay yang Diberikan saat pretes dan postes, lember pengelolaan pembelajran dan angket respon siswa. Data pemahaman konsep siswa diperoleh dari hasil tes tertulis berupa essay yang diberikan sebelum dan sesudah pembelajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe SQ3R. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Rata-rata pemahaman konsep siswa kelas XI MIA-3 SMAN 4 Palangka Raya tahun ajaran 2017/2018 adalah sebesar 84,3 %.Pemahaman siswa setiap konsep adalah sebagai berikut : (i) sebagian besar siswa (84,3 %) dapat menjelaskan teori pembentukkan minyak bumi menurut teori Duplex. (ii) Sebagian besar siswa (89,1 %) dapat menjelaskan komponen-komponen utama minyak bumi. (iii) Sebagian besar siswa (78,9 %) dapat menjelaskan hasil fraksi minyak bumi yang mempunyai atom C11-C14 dan kegunaannya. (iv) Sebagian besar siswa (82,2 %) dapat menjelaskan hasil fraksi minyak bumi dengan titik didih terendah dan kegunaannya. (v) Sebagian besar siswa (88,6 %) dapat menjelaskan kualitas bensin berdasarkan bilangan oktan. Langkah-langkah model pembelajaran SQ3R yang paling berperan dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep siswa adalah pada kegiatan Question, Read and Recite.
Thyroid Transcription Factor � 1 (TTF-1) Immunoexpression in Thyroid Carcinoma with Follicular Origin
Authors: Dobrescu Amadeus , Tarta Cristi , Cornianu Marioara , Lazureanu Codruta , Golu Ioana , Tanasescu Sonia , Iacob Mihaela , Brebu Dan , Isaic Alexandru , Barna Robert , Lazar Fulger
Published: April 2020

Differentiated thyroid carcinomas are heterogeneous diseases with clinical and morphological features insufficient to predict their clinical behavior. The expression of tissue-specific transcription factors that control differentiated phenotype can be an additional method in evaluating the aggressiveness of a tumor, when differentiation markers and malignant phenotype of tumor cells are inconclusive. The expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is limited to thyroid follicular cells; it is a nuclear protein expressed in the epithelial cells of the thyroid, lungs and diencephalon. Using the monoclonal mouse antibody, clone 8G7G3/1, we examined the immunohistochemical expression of TTF-1 protein in 26 thyroid carcinomas (22 papillary carcinomas � PTC, 2 follicular carcinomas � FTC, 2 anaplastic carcinomas - AC), 4 follicular adenomas � FA, 10 benign thyroid lesions as underlying diseases (multinodular goiter � 3, Hashimoto thyroiditis � 3, Graves Basedow disease - 4) and sections of normal thyroid tissue, assessing the possible correlations with clinical and morphological features, as well as patient outcomes.TTF-1 nuclear expression was identified in 75% of benign thyroid lesions and 18/26 (69.23%) carcinomas. We noted TTF-1 nuclear expression in 68.18% of PTC (10% being associated with recurrent disease) and the absence of immunoreaction in 31.82% of PTC without recurrent disease. In patients with PTC, the risk of recurrence was significantly associated with the presence of nuclear TTF-1 expression in the primary tumor (p[0.001), but was not influenced by the type of surgery performed (p]0.05) or patients� age. TTF-1 nuclear expression did not correlate with patients� gender, tumor size, extent of disease at the moment of diagnosis and multifocal tumors (p]0.05). TTF-1 nuclear reactivity can be elevated in differentiated thyroid tumors (PTC and FTC) with aggressive clinical behavior that will develop recurrent or persistent disease. In anaplastic thyroid carcinomas with fast growth rate, immunoreactivity for TTF-1 and Ki-67 can offer useful information for tumor cell differentiation, while in the case of a mixed thyroid tumor it helps in distinguishing between well differentiated and undifferentiated/anaplastic areas.
Clinical Biochemistry of Cushing Syndrome in Dogs
Authors: Boghian Vasile
Published: April 2020

The aim of the study is to determine clinical and paraclinical elements useful in the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism, given that the symptoms are varied and often similar to dermatitis or liver disease. Clinical signs in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism were especially of dermatological nature (bilateral alopecia, thin skin along with elastosis and hyperpigmentation, calcinosis cutis and muscle weakness and abdominal enlargement � �potbelly�), accompanied by polyuria and polydipsia. Blood tests performed on 14 dogs of different breed, age and gender revealed moderate hyperglycemia (143.4�3.3 mg/dl), hypercholesterolemia (332�2.9 mg/dl), increased serum alkaline phosphatase (378�3.8 UI/L), alanine aminotransferase (ALT=93.26�2.6 UI/L), aspartate aminotransferase (AST=89.72�2.3 UI/L) and abnormal plasma cortisol (50�3.5 ng/dl). Thorough ultrasonography revealed hypertrophy of the adrenal glands (2.92x1.43 cm). The histopathologic lesions include active metabolic cells (big, rich colored and strong-cored), containing lipid structures (steroids� precursors) and metabolic inactive cells (small, dark colored, pyknotic cored or rich in heterochromatin). Hyperglycemia, polyuria / polydipsia or elevated serum alkaline phosphatase without a significant increase in serum transaminases (AST and ALT) raises suspicion of Cushing`s syndrome. If these biochemical diagnostic elements evolve along with dermatological signs (bilateral alopecia, hyperpigmentation, muscle weakness), the diagnosis of Cushing`s syndrome is more likely.
Hydrodeoxygenation of Residual Fatty Acids Fraction over Ni-Mo / Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Ion Dan , Bombos Mihaela , Radu Adrian , Bombos Dorin , Rosca Paul
Published: April 2020

The hydrodeoxygenation of the residual fraction of fatty acids from sunflower oilwas performed on bimetallic Ni-Mo/-Al2O3. Experiments were carried out on a in a continuous system at temperatures below 340 �C and pressures less than 70 bar. The catalyst shows a total acidity of 1.192 meq / g, from which 0.714 meq / g represents the concentration of weak acid centers, 0.438 meq / g represents the concentration of medium strength acid centers, while the concentration of strong centers is very small, only 0.041 meq / g. The analysis of the reaction products mainly highlighted the presence of linear hydrocarbons.
Matrix Gla Protein in Meningiomas: An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Gheorghe Simona Roxana , Tataranu Ligia Gabriela , Dricu Anica , Silaghi Ciprian Nicolae , Vermeer Cees , Craciun Alexandra Marioara
Published: April 2020

Calcified meningiomas have a slower growth rate and a better outcome than non-calcified meningiomas. Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) acts as an inhibitor of soft tissue calcification. Depending on its carboxylation status MGP may occur in two conformations: uncarboxylated (ucMGP) or carboxylated (cMGP). Low levels of serum ucMGP have been described to be a sign of tissue calcification. In calcified tumoral tissue samples we identified both ucMGP (r = 0.957, p[0.001) and cMGP (r = 1, p[0.001), while non-calcified tumors were negative for both MGP conformation deposits. The concentration of serum t-ucMGP in patients with calcified and non-calcified meningiomas were not significantly different (3499�1388 vs. 3882�2558).
Application of Huckel Molecular Orbital Theory (HMO) on Hetero-Conjugated Molecule, 3-Aminopropenal
Authors: Arsic Biljana B. , Urosevic Jovica V. , Mitic Miroslav M.
Published: April 2020

Very often the application of quantum mechanics into chemistry represents a challenging task for chemistry students. However, this can be very usual exercise, and we have shown the easiness on the molecule of 3-aminopropenal, which is an interesting example because of the existence of the conjugation system consisting of the carbonyl group, alkenyl system and the lone electronic pair on nitrogen without any symmetry. Coefficients obtained using the Huckel secular determinant were -2.0484, -1.7328, -0.7827, +0.4892 and +1.5747.
Effect of F Content on the Protection of Melted Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Zhang Liping , Lin Hongliang , Yang Huizhu , Sun An , Zhang Wei , Chen Xiao
Published: April 2020

The protection of molten AZ91D alloy in the cover gases containing sulfur decomposed by FeS2 and fluorine produced by HFC-134a at 730℃ was investigated in this paper. The surface films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). It is revealed that the cover gases containing sulfur decomposed by FeS2 and fluorine produced by HFC-134a can protect the molten AZ91D alloy well. HFC-134a whose volume fraction is 0.04% -0.1% mixed with gas containing sulfur by adding FeS2 0.5g per 30 minutes and holding the melting temperature at 730℃ for 30 min can protect the molten AZ91D alloy. The bigger the volume fraction of HFC-134a, the better the effect. The protected film is formed of MgO, MgF2 and small amount MgS.
PRETRATAMIENTO E HIDRÓLISIS ENZIMÁTICA DE LA CASCARILLA DE ARROZ
Authors: Castillo García Yasmin , Juscamaita Morales Juan , Jorge Montalvo Paola A. , Visitación Figueroa Lizardo
Published: April 2020

El presente estudio evaluó la hidrólisis de la cascarilla de arroz, mediante el pretratamiento alcalino-peróxido, ácido-peróxido y silicato-peróxido, seguido de hidrólisis enzimática utilizando celulasas, con alto nivel de β-glucosidasas y hemicelulasas. Los pretratamientos fueron realizados variando las concentraciones del medio alcalino (0, 2, 4 y 6 % p/v), ácido (0, 5, 10 y 15 % v/v) y silicato (0, 5, 10 y 15 % p/v) en concentraciones variables de peróxido (0, 5, 10 y 15 % v/v). La hidrólisis enzimática fue realizada a 50 °C, pH de 5, 72 h, 0,3 mL de enzima por g de cascarilla y con una carga del 5 % p/v. La caracterización morfológica de la superficie de la cascarilla de arroz mediante el SEM presentó una mayor transformación en medio alcalino-peróxido. La concentración de azúcaresreductores después del pretratamiento alcalino-peróxido (6 % p/v KOH – 15 % v/v H2 O2 , pH de 11, 70 °C, 3 h y con una carga del 10 % p/v) y de una hidrólisis enzimática (50 °C, pH de 5, 72 h, 0,3 mL/g; con una carga del 5 % p/v) alcanzó una sacarificación de hasta 73,2 %. Los azúcares reductores liberados podrían ser fermentados en el proceso de obtención de etanol 2G.
SELENIO TOTAL Y VIABILIDAD CELULAR EN LA OBTENCIÓN DE SELENIO-LEVADURA
Authors: Rodríguez Best Carmen Alicia , Ceroni Galloso Mario , Villegas Silva Elvito Fabián , Rebaza Cárdenas Teresa Dámaris
Published: April 2020

Se obtiene selenio-levadura mediante el cultivo de la levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae LALVIN Bourgovin RC 212 en el medio YEPD, con la adición de selenito de sodio (en concentraciones de 2 a 10 mg Se(IV)/L) durante la fase de crecimiento exponencial, después de 48 horas a 30°C y 200 rpm. La cuantificación de selenio total intracelular en la seleniolevadura es factible con el método espectrofotométrico almidón-yoduro a 590 nm y la adición de 8 mg Se(IV)/L proporciona mayor biomasa, una viabilidad celular superior al 90 %, coloración rosada y un contenido de selenio total intracelular de 738±30 mg/kg en base seca. Finalmente, la metodología utilizada para determinar el porcentaje de viabilidad celular y el método analítico propuesto para cuantificar el selenio total intracelular, son alternativas accesibles para el control del bioproceso
Single-Incision 4-Compartment Fasciotomy of the Lower Leg: Safe, Effective, and Advantageous
Authors: Chang Gerard , Fram Brianna , Krieg James C.
Published: April 2020

The optimal surgical approach for acute compartment syndrome (ACS) of the lower leg remains debatable. Although a majority of surgeons tend to use a 2-incision approach to 4-compartment fasciotomies, the authors have used a single-incision technique followed by protocolized, staged skin closure. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety, efficacy, and complication rate of this strategy. This retrospective study included all patients treated for ACS by a single surgeon during a 3-year period. A protocol was used including a single-incision technique followed by vacuum-assisted wound-closure dressing, periodic return to the operating room at 48- to 72-hour intervals, and sequential wound closure with vertical mattress sutures. Complications associated with this protocol were analyzed. Eleven patients were included in the study. Average length of follow-up was 12 months (range, 2–35 months). There were no instances of malunion, deep or superficial infection, intraoperative neurovascular injury, or progressive neurologic deficits—indicating adequate release of all 4 compartments through a single incision. All patients were closed primarily without need for skin grafting. Average time to primary closure was 4.5 days. One patient had a tibial fracture nonunion and 1 had distal wound breakdown, which healed by secondary intention. A single-incision approach to 4-compartment fasciotomies followed by protocolized skin closure is safe and effective and may reduce the need for skin grafting. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(4):e225–e230.]
Towards Establishing Effective Protective Boundaries for the Lunan Stone Forest Using an Online Spatial Decision Support System
Authors: Zhang Chuanrong , Li Weidong , Day Michael
Published: April 2020

The Lunan Stone Forest is the Worldʼs premier pinnacle karst landscape, and was established as a national park in 1982. The existing boundaries are essentially arbitrary, based on notional scenic value, and take into consideration neither the physical landscape nor the existing pattern of urban development. Moreover, the location of the boundaries is not clear to the local community, rendering them largely ineffective. Developing an online Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) potentially provides a way to establish protective boundaries that are meaningful from the perspective of karst science, yet also readily identifiable by the local community within the context of the existing urban fabric. The 7km2 “core area” of the Stone Forest Park is used to illustrate the use of the SDSS.   Lunanski kaniti gozd je najlepši primer »kamnitega gozda« (shilin) na svetu in je bil 1982 razglašen za narodni park. Sedanje meje parka so bile dogovorjene na osnovi zaznavne pokrajinske vrednote in ne upoštevajo niti fizičnih lastnosti pokrajine niti obstoječega vzorca razvoja mesta. Še več, lokalnim skupnostim meje niso jasne in so zato še manj učinkovite. Z razvojem Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) na spletu je dano orodje, s pomočjo katerega bi bilo mogoče določiti meje varovanega območja, ki bi bile zadovoljujoče z vidika krasoslovja in sprejete s strani lokalnih skupnosti v skladu s sedanjim urbanim razvojem. Na 7 km2 osrednjega dela Kamnitega gozda je prikazana možnost uporabe SDSS.
Rojstna imena v imenih jezer in ribnikov na Poljskem
Authors: Bijak Urszula , Czopek‑Kopciuch Barbara
Published: April 2020

V članku so obravnavana imena ribnikov in jezer na ozemlju Poljske, ki izhajajo iz imen. Analiziranih je 283 hidronimov iz 76 okrajev Poljske. Med hidronimi je 20 starejših, izpričanih od 14.–19., večina pa je prvič zapisana v 20. stoletju. Motivacijsko bazo tvorijo moška in ženska imena, ki so večinoma krščanska, ter maloštevilna staropoljska v osnovni, pogosto tudi manjšalni obliki. Večina hidronimov je nastala po imenih lastnikov, manjši del pa so spominska imena. Med slednjimi so opazna imena literarnega porekla, motivirana z zgodovinskimi in svetniškimi liki. Med izimenskimi hidronimi prevladujejo imena, nastala s transonimizacijo. Veliko skupino

tvorijo besedne zveze z razlikovalnimi členi, maloštevilno pa imena,

nastala s pluralizacijo.
Zgodovinskorazvojni pregled pojmovanja vrinjenega stavka (parenteze) v slovenističnem jezikoslovju
Authors: Vičar Branislava
Published: April 2020

Parenteza je pojav, ki pokriva kompleksno in raznovrstno množico pojavov. Zgodovinskorazvojni pregled pojmovanja parenteze v slovenističnem jezikoslovju podaja dela, ki v obravnavah parenteze izhajajo iz treh pristopov: pravopisnega, slovničnega in razpravnega. Podlaga vsem trem pristopom so vzorci pisnega diskurza. Obravnave so zamejene z vidikom oblikovnega pojavljanja parenteze, tj. z vprašanjem njene umeščenosti in razmejenosti od drugih delov besedila. Po Brezniku je vpeljano in v slovenističnem jezikoslovju ustaljeno poimenovanje vrinjeni stavek; termin kaže na opredelitev pojava na nivoju skladenjske ravnine.
Primerjalna analiza o ohranjanju jezika pri kitajski, slovenski in tajski jezikovni manjšini v Avstraliji
Authors: Bizjak Končar Aleksandra
Published: April 2020

Prispevek preučuje, kateri dejavniki so odločilni za ohranjanje ali opuščanje

maternega jezika med jezikovnimi manjšinami v Avstraliji. Za primerjavo so izbrane tri manjše skupine: Slovenci, Tajci in Kitajci iz Hongkonga. S terenskim delom smo zbrali podatke, ki obsegajo tri vsebinske sklope. Prvi obravnava jezikovno rabo v družini, drugi zunaj družine in tretji odnos staršev in otrok do dvojezičnosti in jezikovne politike v Avstraliji. Ob tem bomo predstavili odnos do jezika v dveh generacijah izseljencev in ugotavljali povezavo med ohranjanjem jezika in jezikovno politiko.
Načini ruskega govora
Authors: Rojs Jurij
Published: April 2020

Valerij Mihajlovič Mokijenko v obravnavani knjigi predstavlja zgodovinskoetimološke skice stalnih besednih zvez, ki se zrcalijo v ruski frazeologiji. Znanstveno natančno navaja elemente duhovne in materialne kulture na jezikovni, folklorni, etnografski in zgodovinski ravni. V knjigi niza stalne besedne zveze, ki izražajo ruski narodni nazor, družbeno ureditev, ideologijo dobe, kulturne dogodke idr.
Model zgodovinskega slovarja
Authors: Narat Jožica
Published: April 2020

V knjigi je predstavljeno Agustičevo življenje in delo, s poudarkom na njegovem časopisnem jeziku, ki pomeni v okviru stare knjižne prekmurščine novost. Osrednji del knjige je model zgodovinskega slovarja s teoretičnim uvodom in jezikoslovnim komentarjem. Model bi bil z določenimi popravki sprejemljiv, pomanjkljive pa so pomensko-oblikoslovne informacije o besedah, saj jih je v slovarju kar polovica takih, ki se v izvirniku pojavijo samo enkrat.
Namigi Miroslava Grepla, kako naprej v skladnji
Authors: Žele Andreja
Published: April 2020

Miroslav Grepl, Jak dál v syntaxi, ur. Jan Dvořák – Petr Malčík, Brno: Vydavatelství Host, 2011 (Studie osobností brněnské lingvistiky 4), 248 str.
The Influence of the Degree of Conformity to Terminological Principles and the Authority of the Creator of a Term on Establishment of Terms in Public Relations
Authors: Lumbar Katja
Published: April 2020

This article deals with the influence of the degree of conformity to terminological principles and the authority of their creators on the establishment of terms in public relations. The statistical analysis is based on a selection of terms from printed material in public relations from 1989 to 2004, when a basic terminological corpus was created, and public relations asserted itself and achieved legitimacy.
Jakob Šolar in Stane Suhadolnik Dva življenjepisa in tri pisma
Authors: Müller Jakob
Published: April 2020

Prvi del članka prinaša nekatere neznane oz. točnejše podatke iz življenja, zlasti pa iz študija in službovanja Jakoba Šolarja in Staneta Suhadolnika, v drugem delu pa sta objavljeni in komentirani dve Suhadolnikovi pismi in Šolarjev odgovor na drugo pismo.
Živalske metafore kot vir imen, vzdevkov in priimkov
Authors: Keber Janez
Published: April 2020

V članku avtor obravnava priimke, ki neposredno ali posredno izhajajo iz živalskih nazivov. Težišče njegove obravnave je na živalskih metaforah in primerah, ki so imele v poimenovalnem oziroma priimkovnem procesu pomembno vlogo.
Priimki na Slovenskem
Authors: Torkar Silvo
Published: April 2020

V prispevku je po kratkem uvodu prikazan nastanek priimkov na slovenskem ozemlju. Navedeni so štirje glavni viri nastanka, tj. rojstna, krajevna oziroma pokrajinska imena, vzdevki ter imena poklicev oziroma funkcij. V nadaljevanju so priimki obdelani z oblikovnega, besedotvornega in pomenskega vidika. V Sloveniji je blizu 70.000priimkov, najpogostejši pa je Novak. Tipično slovenski so priimki na -šek in -nik, ki kažejo na krajevni izvor. Prispevek se končuje s prikazom stanja raziskav in z najpomembnejšo bibliografijo.
Social Class and Consumer Behaviour in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Oniku Ayodele
Published: April 2020

The development around social class evolvement in sub-Saharan African market dated back to pre-colonial era when traditional African institution operated on the basis of royalty, land ownership, subjugation of weak tribe and superiority of strong and powerful tribes. The advent of slavery and migration of white settlers and traders (slaves and goods) further entrenched social class structure in the system. The advent of colonial rule greatly impacted social class system whereby new strata were created based on the new administrative system that colonial system introduced into sub-Saharan Africa. Largely, acquisition of formal education, salary and wage-collection jobs, business opportunities, western religion, clothing styles and new roles to the traditional chiefs opened doors for new social class strata. Social class has witnessed development and improvement that has further improved marketing system and consumer understanding in the society through design of products and services for the market.
Issues on Financing Higher Education in Tanzania
Authors: Komba Sotco Claudius
Published: April 2020

Education is a key to the development of any nation. Higher Education, in particular, is expected to produce graduates with knowledge and skills required for solving open and closed ended socioeconomic problems with a view of improving livelihoods. In order to achieve this end, it is mandatory for national governments to invest heavily in education and ensure equity and equality in accessing education opportunities. However, a critical examination of trends in financing higher education in Tanzania has revealed that higher education sector is currently being underfunded by the government. This trend does not only affect the issues of accessibility to and equity and equality in higher education, but also impinges on the provision of quality higher education. Thus, this chapter examines the trends and proposes a way forward for sustainable higher education funding policies.
Women and South Africa's Anti-Apartheid Struggle
Authors: Onyebadi Uche T. , Mbunyuza-Memani Lindani
Published: April 2020

Credit for South Africa's liberation from the apartheid system of government under the National Party usually goes to forces within the country, especially the African National Congress under various leaders, from Oliver Tambo to Nelson Mandela. Also mentioned in the struggle for the abolition of the racist philosophy of government are the activities of independent, black-ruled countries in Africa and sympathetic nation-states, especially in Europe. Rarely highlighted are the activities of indigenous black women who operated within and outside the apartheid-ruled enclave. This chapter uses textual analysis to explore the political agitation of one such woman, Miriam Makeba, who used her music to communicate political messages that challenged the apartheid government. Makeba produced anti-apartheid songs and held performances that mobilized suppressed black South Africans to overthrow the internal colonialism imposed by the Afrikaner ruling elite. Now dead, Makeba lived to see an independent South Africa with Nelson Mandela as its first black president.
Frequency of Oral Care and Positioning of Patients in Critical Care: A Replication Study
Authors: Hanneman Sandra K. , Gusick Gary Michael
Published: April 2020

• Background Oral care and head-of-bed elevation are interventions to decrease risk of aspiration pneumonia in hospitalized patients. In a previous study, nurses’ self-reports of how often they performed oral care did not match documented provision of such care.

• Objectives To replicate the original study and estimate instrument reliability.

• Methods A cross-sectional design was used, and survey data from nursing personnel and bedside observational data from 9 intensive care units were collected.

• Results A total of 181 surveys (47%) were returned, and data were collected from 436 bedsides. Reported frequencies of oral care and use of oral care products differed between nonintubated and intubated patients (P<.001). The mean documented frequency of oral care for nonintubated patients was 1.8 (SD 1.5); self-reported frequency was 3 (SD 2.4). The mean documented frequency of oral care for intubated patients was 3.3 (SD 1.8); self-reported frequency was 4.2 (SD 2.1). Documented oral care frequency differed by unit (P = .006) and intubation status (P < .001). Mean observed head-of-bed position was 38° (SD 24°) for nonintubated patients and 23° (SD 12°) for intubated patients (P < .001). Intubation status, but not unit, affected observed head-of-bed position (P < .001). Three survey items had adequate reliability evidence (r=0.70). Interrater reliability for bedside data collection was 96% or greater.

• Conclusions Despite inadequate estimates of survey reliability, findings generally were comparable to results of the original study; nurses report more frequent oral care than is documented. Intensive care nurses elevate the head of patients’ beds in accordance with self-reports.
Cerebrovascular Dynamics With Head-of-Bed Elevation in Patients With Mild or Moderate Vasospasm After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Blissitt Patricia A. , Mitchell Pamela H. , Newell David W. , Woods Susan L. , Belza Basia
Published: April 2020

• Background In patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, elevation of the head of the bed during vasospasm has been limited in an attempt to minimize vasospasm or its sequelae or both. Consequently, some patients have remained on bed rest for weeks.

• Objectives To determine how elevations of the head of the bed of 20° and 45° affect cerebrovascular dynamics in adult patients with mild or moderate vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and to describe the response of mild or moderate vasospasm to head-of-bed elevations of 20° and 45° with respect to variables such as grade of subarachnoid hemorrhage and degree of vasospasm.

• Methods A within-patient repeated-measures design was used. The head of the bed was positioned in the sequence of 0°-20°-45°-0° in 20 patients with mild or moderate vasospasm between days 3 and 14 after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Continuous transcranial Doppler recordings were obtained for 2 to 5 minutes after allowing approximately 2 minutes for stabilization in each position.

• ResultsNo patterns or trends indicated that having the head of the bed elevated increases vasospasm. As a group, there were no significant differences within patients at the different positions of the head of the bed. Utilizing repeated-measures analysis of variance, P values ranged from .34 to .97, well beyond .05. No neurological deterioration occurred.

• Conclusions In general, elevation of the head of the bed did not cause harmful changes in cerebral blood flow related to vasospasm.
Evidence-Based Practice: Use of the Ventilator Bundle to Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Tolentino-DelosReyes Arlene F. , Ruppert Susan D. , Shiao Shyang-Yun Pamela K.
Published: April 2020

• Purpose To examine critical care nurses’ knowledge about the use of the ventilator bundle to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia.

• Method Published reports were reviewed for current evidence on the use of the ventilator bundle to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia, and education sessions were held to present the findings to 61 nurses in coronary care and surgical intensive care units. Changes in the nurses’ knowledge were evaluated by using a 10-item test, given both before and after the sessions. Changes in the nurses’ practices related to ventilator-associated pneumonia, including elevation of the head of the bed to 30° to 45°, were observed in 99 intubated patients.

• ResultsAfter the education sessions, the nurses performed better on 8 of the 10 items tested (P from .03 to <.001). The areas of most significant improvement were elevation of the head of the bed (P < .001), charting of the elevation of the head of the bed (P= .009), oral care (P= .009), checking of the nasogastric tube for residual volume (P = .008), washing of hands before contact with patients (P < .001), and limiting the wearing of rings (P < .001) and nail polish (P = .04). Even after the education sessions, the nurses’ compliance with hand-washing recommendations before contact with patients was low, though statistically some improvement was apparent. Contraindications to elevation of the head of the bed did not appear to affect the nurses’ practices (P= .38).

• Conclusion Education sessions designed to inform nurses about the ventilator bundle and its use to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia have a significant effect on participants’ knowledge and subsequent clinical practice.
Análise da relação entre os níveis de renda e renda per capita estaduais e o comércio por vias internas no Brasil: uma abordagem com dados em painel para os anos de 1998, 1999 e 2008
Authors: Santos Joelson Oliveira , Lourenço André Luís Cabral de
Published: April 2020

O artigo tem o objetivo de analisar o comércio inter-regional das regiões brasileiras, mediante a observação das relações estaduais inerentes à própria região, bem como as relações concernentes às demais regiões. Pretende-se ainda verificar-se como tais fluxos de comércio relacionam-se com os níveis de renda e renda per capita estaduais. Para tanto a metodologia consistiu em estimar modelos de dados em painel não espacial com efeitos fixos (EF) e aleatórios (EA) que relacionam tais variáveis. Os fluxos de comércio inter-regionais foram obtidos a partir de Vasconcelos (2001), Vasconcelos e Oliveira (2006) e de Guilhoto et al (2010). Os resultados apontam para o alto grau de dependência comercial das demais regiões em relação à região Sudeste (em especial ao estado de São Paulo). Verifica-se uma grande concentração dos fluxos de comércio originados da porção centro-sul do país e, em geral, os fluxos interestaduais têm importância relativa maior para os estados menos desenvolvidos do país. Tem-se uma relação positiva entre o comércio inter-regional e o produto regional bruto, todavia, no nível agregado, capta-se uma relação negativa dos fluxos de comércio com o PIB per capita.
Iron oxides control sorption and mobilisation of iodine in a tropical rainforest catchment
Authors: Balzer Laura , Schulz Katrin , Birkel Christian , Biester Harald
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Iodine is an essential trace element for all mammals and its bioavailability in terrestrial systems depends on its accumulation in soils but also on its release into the aquatic system. In tropical systems retention and mobilization of iodine in soils and related concentrations in streamflow are poorly understood. We, therefore, investigated the relationship between solid phase iodine binding on hillslope soils and the iodine and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) mobilisation to a connected stream. Our study was conducted in a pristine pre-montane rainforest in Costa Rica with old (up to nine My) and highly weathered volcanic soils. A total of nine soil profiles from two tributary sub-catchments to the main stream were sampled. Solid phase sequential extraction was used to identify iodine binding forms in soils. The water leachable iodine fraction was additionally assessed by batch soil leaching experiments. Stream water was sampled randomly over a period of five weeks. Results showed extremely high iodine concentrations in soils, ranging from 53–130 mg kg−1 (median: 69 mg kg−1), which is 13-fold higher than in temperate soils. In contrast, median water-soluble iodine was only 0.01 % (range: 0–0.4 %) of total soil iodine. Solid phase sequential extractions revealed iodine sorption to iron oxides (median: 79 % of total iodine) as the main retention factor. High enrichment and low mobilisation of iodine in soils caused relatively low iodine concentrations (0.77–1.26 μg L−1) in stream waters during base and even moderate high flow conditions. The significant correlation of iodine and DOC in soil leachates suggested transport of organically bound iodine from upper- to subsoil horizons and strong sorption of DOC-iodine complexes to iron oxides. Our results showed that the old and highly weathered tropical soils in the study area were highly enriched in iodine caused by strong retention of DOC bound iodine to iron oxides. As a result, iodine release from soils was low which resulted in low stream water iodine concentrations and subsequently in a low bioavailability.
Usability Evaluation of a Portable Health Information Kiosk Using a SMAARTTM Intervention Framework
Authors: Joshi Ashish , Arora Mohit , Malhotra Bhavya
Published: April 2020

Empirical literature has shown that interventions to address social determinants of health are limited owing to poor integration of social and clinical data. The objective of this study was to describe a Sustainable, Multisector, Accessible, Affordable, Reimbursable, and Tailored framework (SMAARTTM) which was utilized to design and pilot test portable health information kiosk that can facilitate the integration of social determinants of health data with clinical data to enhance population health outcomes in global settings. The SMAART TM framework was designed using a combined approach of Data, Information Knowledge, Human Centered approach and behavioral humanistic and learning theories, and was applied to develop and evaluate an interactive, bi-lingual computer enabled portable health information kiosk. A convenience sample (recruitment based on accessibility to the researcher) of 149 individuals aged 18 years and above living in urban slum settings of India were enrolled in the year 2013. Subjective and objective data gathering included socio-demographics, clinical history, health behaviors and knowledge, attitude and practices. Weight and blood pressure levels were measured using physiological sensors. Usability assessment of the health information kiosk was also conducted. Results showed an increased burden of chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors and related knowledge, and lack of healthy lifestyle practices among urban slum individuals. Our study showed that the technology enabled SMAART TM framework can be utilized to develop an individual risk profile for better disease prevention, monitoring and management of chronic NCDs.
Energy Consumption Evaluation in Dark House Aviaries, With and Without Thermal Insulation: A Case Study in the Western Region of the State of Paraná
Authors: Paganin Ricardo , Siqueira Jair Antonio Cruz , Bedin Janaína , Nogueira Carlos Eduardo Camargo , Moreira Carlos Roberto , Souza Samuel Nelson Melegari de , Strassburger Flávia , Strassburger Alex , Cuchi Mariane Motta de Campos , Nascimento Mario Elias Carvalho do
Published: April 2020

Broilers production suffered, due to major investments in technology and genetic development in recent decades, to adapt to the conditions and requirements of the national and world market. Studies on the production systems of reraring show the importance of the economy in the sector, which is one of the most competitive in the agribusiness sector. The present work aimed at studying two dark house aviaries construction, with and without thermal insulation, to evaluate the variations in temperature, gas consumption, and effect of the insulation. Both facilities were checked for temperature variation, using J-type thermocouple sensors and recording in datalogger; LPG consumption, and the production performance considering mortality of birds, feed consumption, water intake, and weight gain. It was concluded that the Dark House with Thermal Insulation (DHTI) aviary showed better broiler birds performance indexes, lower mortality, and greater weight gain. But when it comes to performance in the face of temperature conditions, the Conventional Dark House (CDH) aviary showed values better suited to the production, as noted in the bibliographic references.
Microplastics in the environment: impact on human health and future mitigation strategies
Authors: Katyal Disha , Kong Elaine , Villanueva Jacit
Published: April 2020

Plastic is a synthetic material that has gradually been integrated into nearly all aspects of human life because of its malleable and durable nature; it can commonly be found in consumer products such as textiles, beauty products, and food packaging. The massive prevalence of plastic-based items in our society poses a potential threat to human health and the environment. Since plastic material can physically degrade over time, there is growing concern over the production of microplastics (MPs), which are plastic particles that are ≤5 mm in size. Recent studies confirming the presence of MPs in our environment and drinking water have garnered significant attention worldwide because of the potential impact on human health. As a result of growing public concerns, legislative action has been taken in Canada to ban the manufacture and importation of personal care products containing microbeads. MPs are a new and upcoming issue that the environmental public health field should monitor. In the future, we may play a major role in educating the public on what microplastics are and their impact on our health in addition to consulting stakeholders as regulations get implemented.
Validation of the Personality Measurement Tools for College Students: Focusing on Nursing Students
Authors: Heo Myoung Lyun , Jang Yang min
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the validity and reliability of the personality measurement tool for nursing college students. Methods: Questionnaires were issued to 300 nursing students, with 275 eventually collected. The items were confirmed by validity experts. Construct validity was tested using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability analysis was tested using Cronbach's ${alpha}$. Criterion validity was tested by analyzing correlation with the college adjustment scale. Results: Eight factors were confirmed by exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the model fit (Root-mean-square residual .03; Root-mean-square error of approximation .06; Comparative fit index .92); and convergent validity and discriminant validity were confirmed. In addition, the criterion validity was confirmed through correlation (r=.64, p<.001) with the college adjustment scale. The reliability of this tool was Cronbach's ${alpha}$ .94. Conclusion: This tool can be used to measure personality in nursing education and can be used to develop and evaluate personality programs.
East and West: “Lear is Hear” directed by Wu Xing Guo
Authors: Ding Yi
Published: April 2020

The object of this research to one-man production “Lear is Here” based on W. Shakespeare's tragedy, “King Lear”. The theatrical director and actor of Beijing Opera Wu Xing Guo (born 1953, Taiwan) bravely edits the Shakespearian text and principles of the National Theatre of China. Since 1980’s, Wu Xing Guo uses the traditional Eastern scenic elements (line of roles, symbolic face painting, acrobatics) and Western European texts, forming a unique theatrical language. The peculiarities of his directing are examined within the Russian theatre studies for the first time. In accordance with the methodology of formal school, the article presents reconstruction of the play and analysis of scenic text from the perspective of Eastern theatre traditions, as well as the modern theatrical context. The author’s special contribution lies in the observation that in the spectacle “Lear is Hear”, Wu Xing Guo conceptually forgoes the narrative composition in order to reveal the playing nature of the theatre: his goal is not to tell the history of Lear or rendition of Shakespearian storyline. Playing ten different characters solely, and fusing in a complex role structure the Eastern and Western theatrical traditions, Wu Xing Guo exposes another storyline of “King Lear”– the pursuance of actor’s identity.
Inhibition of excessive mitophagy by N-acetyl-L-tryptophan confers hepatoprotection against Ischemia-Reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Li Huiting , Pan Yitong , Wu Hongjuan , Yu Shuna , Wang Jianxin , Zheng Jie , Wang Can , Li Jianguo , Jiang Jiying
Published: April 2020

In order to investigate the mechnism of hepatoprotective of N-acetyl-L-tryptophan (L-NAT) against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, the effects of L-NAT were investigated in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) models both in vitro and in vivo, which were made by BRL cells and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, respectively. The cell viability of hepatocyte was assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) staining. The activation of autophagy was detected by electron microscopy (EM), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The activation of mitophagy was determined by the change of autophagy related protein, change of mitochondrial structure and function, co-location of autophagy protein and MitoTracker. Results showed that the morphological structures of hepatocytes were changed significantly after HIRI, and the cell viability of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced BRL cells was decreased. Autophagy markers Beclin1, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) and autophagy related protein-7 (ATG-7) were highly expressed and the expression of SQSTM1 (P62) was decreased after HIRI, which suggested that autophagy of hepatocytes was activated after I/R. The reduction of ATP, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) after H2O2-induced revealed that function of mitochondrial had also undergone significant changes. The increased expression of autophagy protein, destructure of mitochondria and mitochondrial dysfunction, the increased co-location of Beclin1 and MitoTracker induced by H2O2 implied the excessive mitophagy. The expression of the autophagy protein was increased by 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), providing another piece of evidence. Importantly, all changes were restored by L-NAT pretreament. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrate that excessive mitophagy involved in the process of HIRI and L-NAT may protect hepatocytes against HIRI by inhibiting activation of mitophagy and improving the structure and function of mitochondria.
Characterization of calcineurin A and B genes in the abalone, Haliotis diversicolor, and their immune response role during bacterial infection
Authors: Buddawong Tiranan , Asuvapongpatana Somluk , Senapin Saengchan , McDougall Carmel , Weerachatyanukul Wattana
Published: April 2020

Calcineurin (CN) is known to be involved in many biological processes, particularly, the immune response mechanism in many invertebrates. In this study, we characterized both HcCNA and HcCNB genes in Haliotis diversicolor, documented their expression in many tissues, and discerned their function as immune responsive genes against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Similar to other mollusk CNs, the HcCNA gene lacked a proline-rich domain and comprised only one isoform of its catalytic unit, in contrast to CNs found in mammals. HcCNB was highly conserved in both sequence and domain architecture. Quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization revealed that the genes were broadly expressed and were not restricted to tissues traditionally associated with immune function. Upon infection of H. diversicolor with V. parahaemolyticus (a bacteria that causes serious disease in crustaceans and mollusks), both HcCNA and HcCNB genes were highly up-regulated at the early phase of bacterial infection. HcCNB was expressed significantly higher than HcCNA in response to bacterial challenge, suggesting its independent or more rapid response to bacterial infection. Together, the two CN genes are unique in their gene structure (particular HcCNA) and distribution in mollusk species and likely function as immune responsive genes along with many other genes that are enhanced in the early phase of V. parahaemolyticus infection in abalone.
Structure primaire de la paracaseine κ bovine
Authors: Brignon Ghislaine , Mercier Jean-Claude , Ribadeau-Dumas Bruno , Das B.C.
Published: July 2002

The complete amino acid sequence of bovine para‐κ‐casein is given.
Quinone methide formation from 4‐alkylcatechols: a novel reaction catalyzed by cuticular polyphenol oxidase
Authors: Sugumaran M. , Lipke H.
Published: July 2002

Oxidation of 4‐alkylcatechols by cuticular polyphenol oxidase gives quinone methides as initial products as opposed to the conventional quinones. This new reaction accounts for several conflicting observations on the catecholamine chemistry in insect cuticle.
Adaptation of plasminogen activator sequences to known protease structures
Authors: Straßburger W. , Wollmer A. , Pitts J.E. , Glover I.D. , Tickle I.J. , Blundell T.L. , Steffens G.J. , Günzler W.A. , Ötting F. , Flohé L.
Published: July 2002

The sequences of urokinase (UK) and tissue‐type plasminogen activator (TPA) were aligned with those of chymotrypsin, trypsin, and elastase according to their ‘structurally conserved regions’. In spite of its trypsin‐like specificity UK was model‐built on the basis of the chymotrypsin structure because of a corresponding disulfide pattern. The extra disulfide bond falls to cysteines 50 and 111d. Insertions can easily be accommodated at the surface. As they occur similarly in both, UK and TPA, a role in plasminogen recognition may be possible. Of the functional positions known to be involved in substrate or inhibitor binding, Asp 97, Lys 143 and Arg 217 (Leu in TPA) may contribute to plasminogen activating specificity. PTI binding may in part be impaired by structural differences at the edge of the binding pocket.
Cloning and expression of the hydrogenase gene from Clostridium butyricum in Escherichia coli
Authors: Karube Isao , Urano Naoto , Yamada Takashi , Hirochika Hirohiko , Sakaguchi Kenji
Published: July 2002

Hydrogenase gene from Clostridium butyricum was cloned in Escherichia coli HK16 (Hyd−) using pBR322 and PstI. The plasmid, pCBH1, containing hydrogenase gene was 7.3 MDa and pCBH1 had 5 PstI‐DNA fragments (3.9, 2.6, 0.7, 0.03–0.04, <0.02 MDa, respectively). The hydrogenase activity of HK16 (pCBH1) was about 3.1–3.5‐times as high as those of the present strains, such as C. butyricum and E. coli C600 (Hyd+).