Kajian Morfologi Ikan Timpakul (Famili Gobiidae) dari Dua Tipe Ekosistem Mangrove yang Berbeda
Authors: Kadarsah Anang , Krisdianto Krisdianto , Susilawati Ika Oksi 
Published: November 2019

<p><em>Abstrak</em>  - <strong>Kajian ekologi</strong> <strong>hewan eksotik seperti ikan Timpakul pada </strong><strong>ekosistem mangrove penting digali selain memperkaya pengetahuan juga menjadi landasan pengelolaan biodiversitas secara keseluruhan. Tujuan penelitian ini membandingkan kelimpahan dan morfologi ikan Timpakul (Famili: <em>Gobiidae</em>) pada dua tipe ekosistem mangrove di Muara Kuala Tambangan dan Pantai Pagatan Besar, Kabupaten Tanah Laut, Kalimantan Selatan. Survei data dan penangkapan ikan menggunakan jaring 1 meter x 10 meter dengan 10 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian ditemukan tiga jenis ikan Timpakul yakni: <em>Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, Periophthalmodon schlosseri, dan Boleophthalmus boddarti</em>. Vegetasi <em>Rhizophora</em> sp.  dan <em>Bruguiera</em>sp. dominan pada Muara Kuala Tambangan (65,8% dan 34,2%), sedangkan di Pantai Pagatan Besar didominasi <em>Bruguiera</em> Sp. (50,8%)dan <em>Avicennia </em>sp. (49,2%). Persentase kehadiran <em>Boleopthalmus pectinirostris </em>tertinggi di Pantai Pagatan Besar (64%), sedangkan di Muara Kuala Tambangan lebih dominan <em>Boleophthalmus boddarti </em>(71,11%). Berdasarkan lima karakter utama morfologi terpilih (SL=panjang standar</strong><strong>, HL=panjang kepala</strong><strong>, FDFB=Panjang dasar sirip dorsal pertama</strong><strong>, SDFB=Panjang dasar sirip dorsal kedu</strong><strong>a, dan VFL=Panjang Sirip Ventral </strong><strong>: satuan mm), rerata tertinggi </strong><strong>dijumpai pada <em>Periophthalmodon schlosseri </em>(SL=167,50</strong><strong>:HL=46,67</strong><strong>:FDFB=22,17</strong><strong>: SDFB=35,33 dan VFL=24,17</strong><strong>), disusul <em>Boleophthalmus pectinirostris</em> (SL=131,89</strong><strong>:HL=31,22</strong><strong>: FDFB=21,67</strong><strong>:SDFB=49,67 dan VFL=17,11) </strong><strong>kemudian yang terakhir <em>Boleophthalmus boddarti</em> (SL=130,55</strong><strong>:HL=30,64</strong><strong>:FDFB=18,27</strong><strong>:SDFB=52,73 dan VFL=16,73). Persentase rerata kandungan substrat (pasir:debu:liat) di Muara Kuala Tambangan 17,26</strong><strong>%:77,52</strong><strong>%:5,21</strong><strong>% sedangkan di Pantai Pagatan Besar perbandingannya adalah 3,52</strong><strong>%: 85,46</strong><strong>%:11,03</strong><strong>%.</strong></p><p><em>Abstract -</em> <strong>Ecological studies of exotic animals such as Timpakul fish </strong><strong>(Family of Gobiidae) in mangrove ecosystems </strong><strong>is important to enriching </strong><strong>the knowledge and </strong><strong>for the overall </strong><strong>of biodiversity management. The purpose of this study was to compare the abundance and morphology of Timpakul fish in two types of mangrove ecosystems</strong><strong>. especially in </strong><strong>the Village of Kuala Tambangan and Pagatan Besar, Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan. Survey data and fishing</strong><strong> was </strong><strong>used by 1 meter x 10 meters </strong><strong>of nets with 10 replications. </strong><strong>Its found </strong><strong>about three types of Timpakul fish</strong><strong>, ie: <em>Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, Periophthalmodon schlosseri,</em> <em>and Boleophthalmus boddarti</em>. <em>Rhizophora</em> sp. </strong><strong>and <em>Bruguiera</em></strong><strong> Sp. </strong><strong>types vegetation </strong><strong>were dominant</strong><strong>ly in Kuala Tambangan estuary (65.8% and 34.2%), while in Pagatan Besar </strong><strong>beach</strong><strong> it is dominated by <em>Bruguiera </em>Sp. (50.8%) and <em>Avicennia</em> sp. (49.2%). The highest percentage </strong><strong>attendance in Pagatan Besar Beach </strong><strong>is found for <em>Boleopthalmus pectinirostris</em> (64%), while in Kuala Tambangan </strong><strong>Estuary</strong><strong> was dominant</strong><strong>ly by <em>Boleophthalmus boddarti</em> (71.11%). Based on the five main morphological characters (SL=standard length, HL=head length, FDFB=first dorsal fin base, SDFB=second dorsal fin base length, and VFL=Ventral fin length: </strong><strong>in mm </strong><strong>of unit), </strong><strong>so the highest average was found in <em>Periophthalmodon schlosseri</em> (SL=167.50:HL=46.67:FDFB=22.17:SDFB=35.33 and VFL = 24.17)</strong><strong>. It is followed by <em>Boleophthalmus pectinirostris</em> (SL = 131.89: HL = 31.22: FDFB = 21.67: SDFB = 49.67 and VFL = 17.11). Then the</strong><strong> lowest </strong><strong>is <em>Boleophthalmus boddarti</em> (SL = 130.55: HL = 30.64: FDFB = 18.27: SDFB = 52.73 and VFL = 16, 73). </strong><strong>Substrate content (sand: dust: clay) </strong><strong>percentage </strong><strong>average in Kuala Tambangan estuary </strong><strong>is 17.26%:77.52%:5.21% while in Pagatan Beach the ratio is 3.52%: 85.46%: 11.03%</strong><strong>.</strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong> -<em> </em><em>Abundance, Mangrove, Morphology, Mudskipper</em></p><p> </p>