bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The visualization and analysis of urban facility pois using network kernel density estimation constrained by multi-factors
Authors: Yu Wenhao , Ai Tinghua
Published: December 2014

The urban facility, one of the most important service providers is usually represented by sets of points in GIS applications using POI (Point of Interest) model associated with certain human social activities. The knowledge about distribution intensity and pattern of facility POIs is of great significance in spatial analysis, including urban planning, business location choosing and social recommendations. Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), an efficient spatial statistics tool for facilitating the processes above, plays an important role in spatial density evaluation, because KDE method considers the decay impact of services and allows the enrichment of the information from a very simple input scatter plot to a smooth output density surface. However, the traditional KDE is mainly based on the Euclidean distance, ignoring the fact that in urban street network the service function of POI is carried out over a network-constrained structure, rather than in a Euclidean continuous space. Aiming at this question, this study proposes a computational method of KDE on a network and adopts a new visualization method by using 3-D "wall" surface. Some real conditional factors are also taken into account in this study, such as traffic capacity, road direction and facility difference. In practical works the proposed method is implemented in real POI data in Shenzhen city, China to depict the distribution characteristic of services under impacts of multi-factors.
Letramentos de surdos: práticas sociais de linguagem entre duas línguas/culturas
Authors: Lodi Ana Claudia Balieiro , Bortolotti Elaine Cristina , Cavalmoreti Maria José Zanatta
Published: December 2014

Este artigo, construído à luz das obras de Bakhtin, tem como objetivo discutir algumas especificidades das práticas de letramento de surdos, considerando que elas são constituídas a partir de práticas sociais de linguagem que envolvem duas línguas - Libras e português, línguas que compartilham o mesmo espaço/tempo nas diferentes esferas de atividade e que possuem forças socioculturais e ideológicas assimétricas. Essa particularidade linguístico-discursiva determina que práticas de letramento em ambas as línguas sejam postas em relação, estabelecendo, no interior delas, um diálogo (nem sempre pacífico) entre línguas/culturas. Considerando esses pressupostos, será apresentada uma proposta educacional na qual os alunos, a partir da vivência da Libras em sua dimensão discursiva/genérica, têm desenvolvido práticas de letramento nas duas línguas. Embora ainda inicial, acredita-se que este processo possa vir a (re)significar e transformar a relação histórica que tem constituído o diálogo que as comunidades surdas têm estabelecido com a língua portuguesa.
Letramento, linguagem e escola
Authors: Micarello Hilda A. L. S. , Magalhães Tânia Guedes
Published: December 2014

Neste artigo, propomos uma reflexão sobre as contribuições da filosofia da linguagem do Círculo de Bakhtin para a abordagem do conceito de letramentos na escola de educação básica. O projeto teórico do Círculo, que persegue a superação do dualismo entre vida e teoria, buscando compreender o vivido como evento, permite pensar as esferas da vida humana como instâncias nas quais se produzem enunciados em que os sujeitos assumem uma posição, uma atitude responsável em relação à vida. O fenômeno do letramento deve ser compreendido, para além da posse de novas tecnologias do ler e escrever, como a assunção pelos sujeitos de um posicionamento frente ao mundo. Essa perspectiva traz implicações para a abordagem dos letramentos, necessitando considerar, nas práticas pedagógicas, as relações de alteridade que se estabelecem entre alunos e professores e como, nessas relações, alteram-se os sujeitos e suas perspectivas sobre o que represente ler e escrever na contemporaneidade.
Arquitetura de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem sob a ótica dos estudos bakhtinianos
Authors: Tanzi Neto Adolfo , Lessa Angela Brambilla Cavenaghi Themudo
Published: December 2014

Embasados nas concepções de forma arquitetônica de Bakhtin, procuramos demonstrar como as dimensões dos enunciados praticados nos ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem (AVA) estão diretamente ligadas ao design (concepção, idealização e forma), ou seja, à forma arquitetônica de realização, defendido como o design de um AVA, que pode propiciar (novos) multiletramentos, flexibilizar ou não, em sua forma de realização, gêneros multissemióticos advindos do mundo contemporâneo. Para tanto, observamos o design de duas ferramentas em dois AVA distintos e concluímos que, no primeiro, o ambiente digital está baseado nas relações de tempo e espaço (e poder) da escola tradicional, gerando uma forma arquitetônica de realização de uma escola marcada pelos gêneros e letramentos escolares convencionais. No segundo, ao observarmos o todo arquitetônico, concluímos que o seu design propicia o uso de diferentes modos de linguagem - textual, gráfica, sonora, com imagens estáticas e dinâmicas, com fácil comunicação/interação com os meios tecnológicos da contemporaneidade.
Nietzsche, entre a arte de ler bem e seus leitores
Authors: Silva Júnior Ivo da
Published: December 2014

Este trabalho visa a colocar algumas questões acerca da relação entre Nietzsche e seus leitores. Para tanto, intenta abordar o duplo papel da arte de ler bem, que, de um lado, pode indicar a maneira pela qual o filósofo lê o mundo, e, de outro, como quer que suas obras sejam lidas.
Um Nietzsche diferente
Authors: Veríssimo José
Published: December 2014

Artigo publicado em 1903, na primeira página do Correio da Manhã. Nele, o autor examina algumas das últimas publicações francesas das ideias de Nietzsche, bastantes conhecidas na época, inclusive no Brasil. Igualmente, procura avaliar a maneira como a filosofia nietzschiana começa a se tornar uma verdadeira moda na cena intelectual brasileira. E estabelece uma crítica que tende a ser negativa, tanto a respeito da recepção das ideias de Nietzsche na França quanto no Brasil, considerando o pensador ora como filósofo, ora como poeta.
Nietzsche Germanófobo
Authors: Anônimo
Published: December 2014

Artigo publicado em 1915, na revista carioca Fon-Fon. De autor anônimo, o texto procura afastar Nietzsche dos eventos relativos à Primeira Guerra Mundial. Para tanto, o autor resenha a tradução de Henri Albert de alguns aforismos de Nietzsche, que ressaltam, de um lado, as inclinações culturais do filósofo pela França e, de outro, o seu antigermanismo.
Mechanical Characterization of Sheet Moulding Composites for the Automotive Industry
Authors: Lamanna G. , Ceparano A.
Published: December 2014

The mechanical properties of Sheet Moulding Composite (SMC) have been analyzed by means of static and
fatigue tests in tension. SMCs show a substantial in-plane anisotropy either in terms of stiffness or strength. Fatigue data
were modeled adopting a fatigue model with two parameters, represented by the cyclic number and the mean stress. The
statistical implementation of such model was based on the hypothesis that the monotonic tensile strength follows a twoparameter
Weibull distribution. The model has the potential to be predictive indicating that the fatigue characterization of
a given laminate can be achieved with a minimum number of experimental tests. The reliability of such procedure and its
applicability limits are discussed in the light of the model parameters obtained for different glass fiber reinforced
composites.
Combined Soft and Hard Tissue Peri-Implant Plastic Surgery Techniques to Enhance Implant Rehabilitation: A Case Report
Authors: Baltacıoğlu Esra , Korkmaz Fatih Mehmet , Bağış Nilsun , Aydın Güven , Yuva Pınar , Korkmaz Yavuz Tolga , Bağış Bora
Published: December 2014

This case report presents an implant-aided prosthetic treatment in which peri-implant plastic surgery techniques were applied in combination to satisfactorily attain functional aesthetic expectations. Peri-implant plastic surgery enables the successful reconstruction and restoration of the balance between soft and hard tissues and allows the option of implant-aided fixed prosthetic rehabilitation.
Physical Exercise and Weight Loss for Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis in Very Old Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Quintrec Jean-Laurent Le , Verlhac Bernard , Cadet Christian , Bréville Philippe , Vetel Jean M , Gauvain Jean B , Jeandel Claude , Maheu Emmanuel
Published: December 2014

Background :

Rheumatologic and geriatric scholarly organisations recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis, which emphasise the usefulness of non-pharmacological therapies, are not scaled according to patient’s age and physical condition. We conducted a systematic review of clinical trials on exercise and weight loss in hip and knee osteoarthritis in very old patients.

Methods :

Electronic search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PASCAL database, systematic search of the Cochrane Reviews, manual search in guidelines, meta-analyses and identified relevant articles.

Results :

We identified 83 trials, with only 2 on patients aged ≥ 75 years; we therefore lowered the mean age threshold to 70 years and found 15 trials, mainly performed in knee osteoarthritis and outpatients.

Physical exercise (8 trials):

was effective on pain and function (4 controlled trials), with a persistent effect only in case of self-rehabilitation.

Aquatic exercise (5 trials):

was as effective as land-based exercise.

Weight loss (2 trials):

only patients under diet + exercise had significant improvement on symptoms.

Conclusion :

Our systematic review confirms that international recommendations on exercise for knee osteoarthritis also apply to subjects aged 70-80 years. Long-term effectiveness requires a maintenance strategy. Specific trials on very old patients with various comorbidities are mandatory, given that these subjects are more exposed to drug-related iatrogenesis.
The Pain of Egg-Donation
Authors: Simoglou Vassiliki
Published: December 2014

Contemporary body practices providing an answer to the subjects’ demand for assisted reproduction procedures, question the subjective experience of pain. The psychoanalytic approach of pain introduces the dimension of the unconscious in bodily experiences. Clinical field work and psychoanalytic psychotherapy with an infertile woman after failed egg-donation in vitro fertilization cycles, allows an understanding of psychic pain as analogous to somatic pain
and considers the human body as a psychosomatic entity. In this case study, pain becomes a vector of subjectivation, allowing for the subject to negotiate acceptance of a gift impossible to receive.
What Depression? Or The Elimination of the Subjective Causality of Pain?
Authors: Malichin Aikaterini
Published: December 2014

The spectrum of depressing affective disorder countries a crowd of clinical types and cases and summarizes various symptoms, criteria and phenomena that are not explained in their quality and their causality and that potentially are symptomic events and sentimental situations that can oscillate from the neurosis up to the psychosis. It is estimated by epidemiologic researches that the 6% of roughly general population suffers from clinically diagnosed depression. The common point of subjects that suffer or have been diagnosed with depression is the pain of existence, as a complicated emotional, psychical and physical situation, and the inhibition that this involves. The psychoanalytical clinic is based in the decoding of this pain in the particular signifying chain of each subject separately, but also through the localization of mental structure that belongs to each subject. While the depression is not a structure but a hyper- structure, but neither a
symptom, it is an affective painful situation which should be treated by the clinical process in its singularity. Thus, through a concise regard of pain in the depressing situations, the pain of existence in the post- modern melancholies, the moral pain of melancholy as psychotic structure, and the intense pain of loss and mourning, presenting three clinical examples, the author concludes and emphasizes the clinical and ethical importance of elaboration of subjective causality of pain and inhibition.
Contrastive response of Brassica napus L. to exogenous salicylic acid, selenium and silicon supplementation under water stress
Authors: Habibi Ghader
Published: December 2014

The present research was designed to determine the effects of exogenous
salicylic acid (SA), selenium (Se) and silicon (Si) on the resistance of
canola (Brassica napus L. cv Okapi) seedlings to salt stress. Foliar
application of SA (0.1 mM) in canola plants under drought stress for 25 days
exhibited a significantly positive effect on shoot dry mass and raised the
levels of total chlorophyll as well as boosting the activity of superoxide
dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). In addition, soil application of silicon
(0.35 g Na2SiO3/kg soil) had ameliorative effects on canola root growth under
drought. It is concluded that SA and Si enhanced the salt tolerance of canola
by protecting the cell membrane against lipid peroxidation. However, the
foliar application of Se (10 mg/l) had no ameliorative effects on canola
growth and antioxidant capacity under drought stress, as could be judged by
accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA).
Morphological identification of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza on bulbous plants (Taurus mountain in Turkey)
Authors: Karaarslan Emel , Uyanöz Refik , Doğu Süleyman
Published: December 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the morphological identification of
vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) on bulbous plants in the Taurus
Mountains in Turkey. Thirteen soil samples and bulbous roots were taken from
the rhizosphere of bulbous plants. The soils were analyzed for the number of
VAM spores and chemical and physical properties. In addition, the roots were
examined for infection levels, and morphological identification of VAM spores
was made. All tested plants are considered mycorrhizal plants. We determined
three spore species (Glomus mosseae, Glomus hoi and Scutellospora calospora)
from the surveyed soils. The spore distribution rates were as follows: G.
Mossea 61.54 %, G. Hoi 23.07 % and Scutellospora calospora 15.38 %. Results
suggest that VAM fungal spores and root colonization display variation in
rhizosphere under bulbous plants in different ecological conditions.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization detection of cytogenetic abnormalities and prognosis in multiple myeloma
Authors: Zhou Xu , Zhao Jin , Zheng Li , Wang Jin
Published: December 2014

We evaluated the prognosis of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
(MM) and attempted to find a suitable treatment strategy for them. Interphase
fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detection was performed on 57
patients with MM. The following probes: IgH, p53, 1q21, RB1, and D13S319
specific for the rearrangements of 14q32, 17p13, 1q21 and 13q14 were used.
Fluorescent hybridization signals were observed using an Olympus BX60
epifluorescence microscope equipped with filters for detecting
fluoroisothiocyanate (FITC), Texas red, and 4'-6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole
(DAPI). Triple color clone-specific images were captured using a Quips XL
genetic workstation. The mortalities in patients with moderate prognosis
(66.7%) and poor prognosis (50%) were significantly higher compared with that
in patients with good prognosis (15%, P<0.05). All the patients in good and
moderate prognosis groups achieved complete remission (CR)/very good partial
remission (VGPR)/partial remission (PR), whereas only half of the cases in
the poor prognosis group reached this level. Patients 2 supported by
autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation presented CR/PR and long
survival. For those with poor prognosis, a proper therapeutic regimen and
timely transplantation, especially tandem transplantation, was necessary due
to the rapid progression and complications.
Current concepts of radioimmonotherapy for lymphoma
Authors: Mihailovic Jasna , Ubavic Milan , Trifunovic Jasna
Published: December 2014

nema
The Effect of Metformin on Glucose Homeostasis During Moderate Exercise
Authors: Hansen Merethe , Palsøe Marie K. , Helge Jørn W. , Dela Flemming
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVE

We investigated the role of metformin on glucose kinetics during moderate exercise.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Before, during, and after a 45-min bout of exercise at 60% VO2max, glucose kinetics were determined by isotope tracer technique in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with metformin treatment (DM2+Met) or without metformin treatment (DM2) and in healthy control subjects (CON) matched for BMI and age. Glucoregulatory hormones and metabolites were measured throughout the study.

RESULTS

Plasma glucose concentration was unchanged during exercise in CON but decreased in DM2. No significant change was found in DM2+Met. Hormones and metabolites showed no differences among the groups except for elevated exercise-induced concentrations of lactate in DM2 (area under the curve [AUC] 31 ± 1% vs. CON) and glucagon in DM2 (AUC 5 ± 1% vs. DM2+Met). Free fatty acid levels were lower in DM2+Met than in DM2 (AUC −14 ± 1%). Absolute values of the baseline glucose rate of appearance (Ra) were elevated in DM2 and DM2+Met, but the increase in glucose Ra relative to baseline was blunted in DM2 (19 ± 1%) and DM2+Met (18 ± 4%) compared with CON (46 ± 4%). Glucose rate of disappearance relative to baseline increased more in CON (31 ± 3%) than in DM2 (6 ± 1%) and DM2+Met (21 ± 2%), showing a small increase caused by metformin. Glucose metabolic clearance rate relative to baseline was similar during exercise in DM2 (33 ± 1%) and CON (35 ± 3%) but was improved in DM2+Met (37 ± 3%) compared with DM2.

CONCLUSIONS

Metformin has a positive effect on glucose homeostasis during exercise.
The Effect of Drugs and Other Compounds on the Ciliary Beat Frequency of Human Respiratory Epithelium
Authors: Workman Alan D. , Cohen Noam A.
Published: December 2014

Background

Cilia in the human respiratory tract play a critical role in clearing mucus and debris from the airways. Their function can be affected by a number of drugs or other substances, many of which alter ciliary beat frequency (CBF). This has implications for diseases of the respiratory tract and nasal drug delivery. This article is a systematic review of the literature that examines 229 substances and their effect on CBF.

Methods

MEDLINE was the primary database used for data collection. Eligibility criteria based on experimental design were established, and 152 studies were ultimately selected. Each individual trial for the substances tested was noted whenever possible, including concentration, time course, specific effect on CBF, and source of tissue.

Results

There was a high degree of heterogeneity between the various experiments examined in this article. Substances and their general effects (increase, no effect, decrease) were grouped into six categories: antimicrobials and antivirals, pharmacologics, human biological products, organisms and toxins, drug excipients, and natural compounds/other manipulations.

Conclusion

Organisms, toxins, and drug excipients tend to show a cilioinhibitory effect, whereas substances in all other categories had mixed effects. All studies examined were in vitro experiments, and application of the results in vivo is confounded by several factors. The data presented in this article should be useful in future respiratory research and examination of compounds for therapeutic and drug delivery purposes.
A Report on 15 Years of Clinical Negligence Claims in Rhinology
Authors: Geyton Thomas , Odutoye Tunde , Mathew Rajeev
Published: December 2014

Background

This study was designed to determine the characteristics of medical negligence claims in rhinology. In 2010–2011 the National Health Service (NHS) litigation bill surpassed 1 billion Great British Pounds (GBP; 1.52 billion U.S. dollars [US$]). Systematic analysis of malpractice complaints allows for the identification of errors and can thereby improve patient safety and reduce the burden of litigation claims on health services.

Methods

Claims relating to ear, nose, and throat between 1995 and 2010 were obtained from the NHS Litigation Authority and were analyzed.

Results

The series contains 65 closed claims that resulted in payment totaling 3.1 million GBP (US$4.7 million). Fifty claims were related to surgical complications. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery and septoplasty were the procedures most commonly associated with successful claims. There were 11 cases of orbital injury including 6 cases of visual loss and 5 cases of diplopia. The most common cause of a claim was failure to recognize the complication or manage it appropriately. Lack of informed consent was claimed in eight cases. Other claims arose because of errors in outpatient procedures (two), diagnosis (six), delayed surgery (one), and errors in medical management (three).

Conclusion

This is the first study to report the outcomes of negligence claims in rhinology in the United Kingdom. Claims in rhinology are associated with a high success rate. Steps that can be taken to reduce litigation include careful patient workup and ensuring adequate informed consent. Where there is a suspicion of orbital damage early recognition and intervention is needed to reduce long-term injury to the patient.
Advantages and limitations of multi-degree-of-freedom models to simulate impact behaviour of concrete structures
Authors: Zanuy Carlos , Fluxà Servando García , De La Fuente Pablo , Díaz Iván M. , Albajar Luis
Published: December 2014

The present contribution deals with the behaviour of reinforced concrete beams under impact load. Moreover, the paper is intended as a discussion of advantages and limitations of different numerical models according to the degree of complexity. Two types of models are used. On the one hand, a simplified approach is presented, consisting of a three-degree-of-freedom model that reproduces the response of simply supported reinforced concrete beams subjected to an impact load at the midspan. The three degrees of freedom represent: 1) the contact between the beam and the projectile, 2) the flexural behaviour of the beam, and 3) the development of a critical shear crack. Nonlinear behaviour and damping are introduced into the three degrees of freedom. On the other hand, a comprehensive finite element model (Ansys LS-Dyna) has been used, which includes a concrete damage model with strain rate effect. It is discussed how the failure mode and the main physical behaviour are reproduced, comparing advantages and disadvantages regarding the reproduction of nonlinearities or strain rate effects, as well computational time required to perform parametric analyses.
Numerical simulation of crash test for bridge safety barrier
Authors: Drozda Jiri , Marek Jan , Rotter Tomas
Published: December 2014

The purpose of this paper is to examine the opportunity of non-linear dynamic impact simulation and to show the possibility of using finite element method (FEM) for developing new designs of safety barrier. Basic tasks of work are to determine a method that leads to creation of validated finite element (FE) model before performing the full scale crash and to perform non-linear dynamic impact simulation on this model in LS-DYNA. This method should help to improve accuracy of FE model that are used for non-linear dynamic impact simulation. Results of more accurate impact simulation will help to reduce necessary costs for developing new safety barrier.
Effects of extreme fire scenarios on bridges
Authors: Bergerhausen Ulrich , Schmidt Joerg , Dehn Frank
Published: December 2014

Vandalism, human errors or accidents can result in significant fire events on and beneath bridges. Examples for such fire events in Germany include the Wiehltalbücke (26/08/2004) or a bridge at BAB A57 near Dormagen (14/02/2012). Bridges and bridge components collapsed partly due to these fire events or it became necessary to deconstruct the complete structure and rebuild it. In a research project the consequences of extreme fire events beneath and on top of bridges were systematically elaborated. Scenarios of a burning truck loaded with wood pallets were investigated. Additionally the scenario of burning liquids flowing out of a tanker at different rates was part of the analysis. The result of the CFD calculations shows that fires beneath bridges have to be differentiated from fires on top of bridges. Due to the hindered convection by the bridge superstructure and the reflecting effects of abutment and superstructure, temperatures can occur in the event of fires which are known from tunnel fires. Up to date, no specific experimental studies at an original scale for fires beneath bridges are known. Hence, in order to validate the used models, an original-scale bridge fire test stand was erected in order to carry out a truck test fire. In order to answer the question which bridge structures, if any, have to be protected in the future - besides infrastructural and economic aspects - constructional aspects should be taken into account with due consideration given to material and structure.
A Note on the Equivalence Between Observed and Expected Information Functions With Polytomous IRT Models
Authors: Magis David
Published: December 2014

The purpose of this note is to study the equivalence of observed and expected (Fisher) information functions with polytomous item response theory (IRT) models. It is established that observed and expected information functions are equivalent for the class of divide-by-total models (including partial credit, generalized partial credit, rating scale, and nominal response models) but not for the class of difference models (including the graded response and modified graded response models). Yet, observed information function remains positive in both classes. Straightforward connections with dichotomous IRT models and further implications are outlined.
Participatory Crop Improvement of Nepalese Fingermillet Cultivars
Authors: Bajracharya Sharad , Prasad Ram C. , Budhathoki Shiva K.
Published: December 2014

A field study was undertaken on Nepalese fingermillet genotypes with the participation of the local community at pipaltar of nuwakot district during 2003 and 2004. The study included a) identification of superior fingermillet cultivars through diversity block management and mother set trial, b) seed Production of promising lines, c) farmers' field verification trial (diamond trial) And d) characterization and documentation of fingermillet genotypes. Results Revealed that mudke, chaure and jalbire are high yielding promising genotypes Suited to that area. From household surveys carried out among 46 samples (40%), 80 hh have revealed that mudke, chaure and seto kodo are preferred fingermillet cultivars. About 70% grow mudke, 46% grow chaure while 2% Grow Seto Kodo. The programme has successfully explored the potential of Local fingermillet cultivars by there evaluation and utilized them through Value added product development and market promotion. Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 9, 2009, pp. 12-16  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v9i0.11636
Influence of Long-term Use of Organic and Inorganic Nutrients on HLB Disease of Wheat under Rice-Wheat Cropping Pattern
Authors: Bhandari Deepak , Regmi Anant P.
Published: December 2014

Helminthosporium leaf blight (HLB) is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat in terai (plain) region of Nepal. This study was conducted to   determine the effect of long-term application of various levels of nitrogen   (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and organic nutrients on HLB disease of  wheat. The experiment was superimposed on long-term fertility experiment conducted in RCB design with three replications under rice-wheat cropping pattern at National wheat research program (NWRP), Bhairahawa, Nepal. The treatments include various combinations of nitrogen 100 kg ha-1, phosphorus 0 and 60 kg ha-1, and potash 0, 50 and 100 kg ha-1 with or without Sesbania (Sesbania cannabina) and farm yard manure (FYM). Area   under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated using the disease scores and yield parameters were recorded. Among the inorganic nutrients, long-term deficiency of potash in the field markedly enhances the HLB disease. Application of phosphorus in various doses increased the HLB severity in absence of potash. Regular application of at least potash 50 kg ha- 1 in wheat noticeably reduced the HLB disease. Regular use of FYM 10 ton   ha-1 for long-term considerably reduced the HLB disease but long-term use of Sesbania as green manure did not show any impact on HLB severity.   Inclusion of potash in nutrients considerably increased the yield and   thousand grain weight (TGW) of wheat. In long term, balanced use of   inorganic and organic nutrients with special attention on regular inclusion of   potash and FYM in the nutrient combinations is vital in suppression of HLB disease under rice-wheat cropping pattern.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 9, 2009, pp. 76-84DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v9i0.11644
Controlling Foliar Blight of Wheat through Nutrient Management and Varietal Selection
Authors: Kandel Yuba R. , Mahato Jaya P.
Published: December 2014

Helminthosporium leaf blight, a complex of spot blotch caused by Bipolaris  sorokiniana and tan spot caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is one of   the most important foliar diseases of wheat in Nepal. It appears in almost all wheat growing areas and causes severe yield loss every year. A study was   conducted at Regional Agriculture Research Station (RARS), Tarahara, Sunsari during 2004-05 and 2005-06 wheat growing seasons to elucidate role of nitrogen in wheat genotypes for management of the disease. Field experiment was laid out on split plot design with three replications. Four doses of nitrogen in six different promising genotypes were tested. Nitrogen   levels higher than 50 kg ha-1 significantly reduced disease severity and increased grain yield in all genotypes but there was no significant differences in grain yield in the first year. In the second year, grain yield difference   among the genotypes was significant. Area under disease progress curve(AUDPC) was not significant between two doses 100 and 150 kg ha-1. The wheat genotypes showed different reactions to disease. Genotype BL 2047   had the lowest incidence of disease followed by BL 1887, whereas BL 2217 had the highest incidence of the disease. Genotype BL 2196 produced the highest grain yield (2172 kg ha-1) and the lowest grain yield was obtained in Bhrikuti followed by BL 2089. These results suggested that fertilizer should be applied in soil at balanced dose 100:50:50 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1. Growing relatively resistant genotypes with the balance dose of fertilizers can reduce foliar blight severity in wheat.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 9, 2009, pp. 85-93DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v9i0.11645
Digestibility of Ficus roxburghii, Castanopsis indica and Ficus cunia on Growing Buffalo from Western Hills of Nepal
Authors: Osti Netra P. , Chapagain Purna B. , Tiwari Megh R. , Upreti Chet R.
Published: December 2014

Nine buffalo calves were subjected to three fodder tree species namely; Nimaro (Ficus roxburghii), Dhalne Katus (Castanopsis indica) and Rai Khanyu (Ficus cunia) for digestibility trial during November 27 and December 3, 2005 in Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lumle, Kaski, Nepal. Animals were kept 7 days for adaptation for these fodders. Weighed   amount of fodder tree leaves including twigs and small branches were fed   two times a day and observation on fodder offered, refused and faeces voided   were recorded daily. Chemical composition of fresh matter and faeces voided   were carried out for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). The mean DM content and their dry matter digestibility (DMD) of these three fodder tree species were found 27.86, 46.02, 34.72, 73.21, 65.93 and 71.28 percent, respectively. Strong negative correlations   (r=-0.75 to –0.78; p<0.05) were observed between Ca and CP with fiber fraction (NDF and ADF). A weak correlation was also observed between P and other constituents with respect to digestibility. From the results, if there   could be provision of low fiber content in dry season, the three main nutrients (Ca, P and CP) may easily be absorbed by the animals.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 9, 2009, pp. 94-98DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v9i0.11646
Effect of zirconium and heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of cast chromium bronze for conductive parts
Authors: Zhi Xiaohui , Zhao Feng
Published: December 2014

The microstructure and properties of cast chromium bronzes with varying Zr contents obtained by different treatment methods were characterized by using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction. In the specimens with the same composition, the precipitated chromium phase particles in specimens treated by quenching and aging were more granular than those in specimens treated by aging. The precipitated Cr phase was clearly refined and segregated when zirconium was added to the melt. With the addition of zirconium, the tensile strength of the alloy increased by about 3 %, but its electrical conductivity decreased by about 9 %.
Regression analysis of bonding strength of sprayed coatings based on acoustic emission signal
Authors: Song Yanan , Xu Binshi , Wang Haidou , Liu Ming , Piao Zhongyu
Published: December 2014

The aim of this paper was to obtain the regression equation of the bonding strength of sprayed coatings vs. acoustic emission (AE) signal. FeCrBSi coating, Al2O3-40 wt.% TiO2 (AT40) coating and Al2O3 coating were prepared using an atmospheric plasma spraying system. The microstructures and properties of the coatings were characterized. The coatings exhibited typical laminate structure with low porosity and good bonding interface. The AE signals during indentation testing were abstracted and investigated. AE energy was more sensitive to the coating cracking failure than AE amplitude. Moreover, the energy of AE burst signal had a close positive relationship with coating bonding strength. The distribution characteristic of AE peak energy was discussed based on the Weibull distribution. The best regression equations for the three coatings were obtained to predict the bonding strengths of sprayed coatings based on AE burst signal energy for similar coating/substrate systems.
Production of bioactive glass-derived scaffolds using citric acid porogen
Authors: Izadi Samaneh , Hesaraki Saeed , Hafezi-Ardakani Masoud
Published: December 2014

In the present study porous bioactive scaffolds were produced by mixing citric acid porogen and sol–gel derived bioactive glass powder, followed by sintering at 1200, 1250 and 1300°C. Bioglass powder and scaffolds were characterized by means of thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Total porosity and compressive strength of scaffolds sintered at 1250°C were 70% and 0.8 MPa, respectively. Also, X-ray diffraction analysis of these scaffolds showed calcium pyrophosphate, pseudowollastonite and cristobalite were the main phases found in the composition of the scaffolds at all three temperatures. After immersion of scaffolds in simulated body fluid, remarkable calcium phosphate precipitation was observed under scanning electron microscopy. This scaffold can be a suitable candidate for bone tissue engineering.
Dissimilar friction stir welding between polycarbonate and AA 7075 aluminum alloy
Authors: Moshwan Raza , Rahmat Sahifulddin M. , Yusof Farazila , Hassan Mohsen A. , Hamdi Mohd , Fadzil Mohd
Published: December 2014

In this paper, the effects of process parameters, such as the tool rotational and traverse speeds, on temperature evolution and the microstructural and mechanical properties of dissimilar friction stir welding between 3 mm thick AA 7075 aluminum alloy and polycarbonate (PC) plates were investigated. The tool rotational and traverse speeds were varied from 3000 to 3500 rpm and 50 to 150 mm min−1, respectively. The joint fabricated at 3250 rpm and 100 mm min−1 yielded a highest tensile load of 586 N. Microstructural analysis of the stir zone revealed an interlock phenomenon, the transportation of AA 7075 in polycarbonate, and the absence of ceramic-type (carbide, hydride or oxide) compounds. Microhardness (HV) measurement on the weld zone showed an uneven distribution due to the complicated microstructure of the welded joint. The maximum temperatures of 164°C and 66°C were obtained at 3250 rpm and 100 mm min−1 at a distance of 5 mm away from the welding centerline in the AA 7075 and PC side, respectively.
The Intriguing Dual Lattices of the Myosin Filaments in Vertebrate Striated Muscles: Evolution and Advantage
Authors: Luther Pradeep , Squire John
Published: December 2014

Myosin filaments in vertebrate striated muscle have a long roughly cylindrical backbone with cross-bridge projections on the surfaces of both halves except for a short central bare zone. In the middle of this central region the filaments are cross-linked by the M-band which holds them in a well-defined hexagonal lattice in the muscle A-band. During muscular contraction the M-band-defined rotation of the myosin filaments around their long axes influences the interactions that the cross-bridges can make with the neighbouring actin filaments. We can visualise this filament rotation by electron microscopy of thin cross-sections in the bare-region immediately adjacent to the M-band where the filament profiles are distinctly triangular. In the muscles of teleost fishes, the thick filament triangular profiles have a single orientation giving what we call the simple lattice. In other vertebrates, for example all the tetrapods, the thick filaments have one of two orientations where the triangles point in opposite directions (they are rotated by 60° or 180°) according to set rules. Such a distribution cannot be developed in an ordered fashion across a large 2D lattice, but there are small domains of superlattice such that the next-nearest neighbouring thick filaments often have the same orientation. We believe that this difference in the lattice forms can lead to different contractile behaviours. Here we provide a historical review, and when appropriate cite recent work related to the emergence of the simple and superlattice forms by examining the muscles of several species ranging back to primitive vertebrates and we discuss the functional differences that the two lattice forms may have.
Chitosan Improves Anti-Biofilm Efficacy of Gentamicin through Facilitating Antibiotic Penetration
Authors: Mu Haibo , Guo Fan , Niu Hong , Liu Qianjin , Wang Shunchun , Duan Jinyou
Published: December 2014

Antibiotic overuse is one of the major drivers in the generation of antibiotic resistant “super bugs” that can potentially cause serious effects on health. In this study, we reported that the polycationic polysaccharide, chitosan could improve the efficacy of a given antibiotic (gentamicin) to combat bacterial biofilms, the universal lifestyle of microbes in the world. Short- or long-term treatment with the mixture of chitosan and gentamicin resulted in the dispersal of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) biofilms. In this combination, chitosan with a moderate molecular mass (~13 kDa) and high N-deacetylation degree (~88% DD) elicited an optimal anti-biofilm and bactericidal activity. Mechanistic insights indicated that chitosan facilitated the entry of gentamicin into the architecture of L. monocytogenes biofilms. Finally, we showed that this combination was also effective in the eradication of biofilms built by two other Listeria species, Listeria welshimeri and Listeria innocua. Thus, our findings pointed out that chitosan supplementation might overcome the resistance of Listeria biofilms to gentamicin, which might be helpful in prevention of gentamicin overuse in case of combating Listeria biofilms when this specific antibiotic was recommended.
The Signaling Role of CD40 Ligand in Platelet Biology and in Platelet Component Transfusion
Authors: Aloui Chaker , Prigent Antoine , Sut Caroline , Tariket Sofiane , Hamzeh-Cognasse Hind , Pozzetto Bruno , Richard Yolande , Cognasse Fabrice , Laradi Sandrine , Garraud Olivier
Published: December 2014

The CD40 ligand (CD40L) is a transmembrane molecule of crucial interest in cell signaling in innate and adaptive immunity. It is expressed by a variety of cells, but mainly by activated T-lymphocytes and platelets. CD40L may be cleaved into a soluble form (sCD40L) that has a cytokine-like activity. Both forms bind to several receptors, including CD40. This interaction is necessary for the antigen specific immune response. Furthermore, CD40L and sCD40L are involved in inflammation and a panoply of immune related and vascular pathologies. Soluble CD40L is primarily produced by platelets after activation, degranulation and cleavage, which may present a problem for transfusion. Soluble CD40L is involved in adverse transfusion events including transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI). Although platelet storage designed for transfusion occurs in sterile conditions, platelets are activated and release sCD40L without known agonists. Recently, proteomic studies identified signaling pathways activated in platelet concentrates. Soluble CD40L is a good candidate for platelet activation in an auto-amplification loop. In this review, we describe the immunomodulatory role of CD40L in physiological and pathological conditions. We will focus on the main signaling pathways activated by CD40L after binding to its different receptors.
Strategies for the Synthesis of Yardsticks and Abaci for Nanometre Distance Measurements by Pulsed EPR
Authors: Valera Silvia , Bode Bela
Published: December 2014

Pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques have been found to be efficient tools for the elucidation of structure in complex biological systems as they give access to distances in the nanometre range. These measurements can provide additional structural information such as relative orientations, structural flexibility or aggregation states. A wide variety of model systems for calibration and optimisation of pulsed experiments has been synthesised. Their design is based on mimicking biological systems or materials in specific properties such as the distances themselves and the distance distributions. Here, we review selected approaches to the synthesis of chemical systems bearing two or more spin centres, such as nitroxide or trityl radicals, metal ions or combinations thereof and outline their application in pulsed EPR distance measurements.
WDM Optical Access Network for Full-Duplex and Reconfigurable Capacity Assignment Based on PolMUX Technique
Authors: Mora Jose , Ortega Beatriz , Grassi Fulvio , Capmany Jose
Published: December 2014

We present a novel bidirectional WDM-based optical access network featuring reconfigurable capacity assignment. The architecture relies on the PolMUX technique allowing a compact, flexible, and bandwidth-efficient router in addition to source-free ONUs and color-less ONUs for cost/complexity minimization. Moreover, the centralized architecture contemplates remote management and control of polarization. High-quality transmission of digital signals is demonstrated through different routing scenarios where all channels are dynamically assigned in both downlink and uplink directions.
Burned Area Mapping Using Support Vector Machines and the FuzCoC Feature Selection Method on VHR IKONOS Imagery
Authors: Dragozi Eleni , Gitas Ioannis , Stavrakoudis Dimitris , Theocharis John
Published: December 2014

The ever increasing need for accurate burned area mapping has led to a number of studies that focus on improving the mapping accuracy and effectiveness. In this work, we investigate the influence of derivative spectral and spatial features on accurately mapping recently burned areas using VHR IKONOS imagery. Our analysis considers both pixel and object-based approaches, using two advanced image analysis techniques: (a) an efficient feature selection method based on the Fuzzy Complementary Criterion (FuzCoC) and (b) the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. In both cases (pixel and object-based), a number of higher-order spectral and spatial features were produced from the original image. The proposed methodology was tested in areas of Greece recently affected by severe forest fires, namely, Parnitha and Rhodes. The extensive comparative analysis indicates that the SVM object-based scheme exhibits higher classification accuracy than the respective pixel-based one. Additionally, the accuracy increased with the addition of derivative features and subsequent implementation of the FuzCoC feature selection (FS) method. Apart from the positive effect in the classification accuracy, the application of the FuzCoC FS method significantly reduces the computational requirements and facilitates the manipulation of the large data volume. In both cases (pixel and objet) the results confirmed that the use of an efficient feature selection method is a prerequisite step when extra information through higher-order features is added to the classification process of VHR imagery for burned area mapping.
Evoked EMG versus Muscle Torque during Fatiguing Functional Electrical Stimulation-Evoked Muscle Contractions and Short-Term Recovery in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Estigoni Eduardo , Fornusek Che , Hamzaid Nur , Hasnan Nazirah , Smith Richard , Davis Glen
Published: December 2014

This study investigated whether the relationship between muscle torque and m-waves remained constant after short recovery periods, between repeated intervals of isometric muscle contractions induced by functional electrical stimulation (FES). Eight subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI) were recruited for the study. All subjects had their quadriceps muscles group stimulated during three sessions of isometric contractions separated by 5 min of recovery. The evoked-electromyographic (eEMG) signals, as well as the produced torque, were synchronously acquired during the contractions and during short FES bursts applied during the recovery intervals. All analysed m-wave variables changed progressively throughout the three contractions, even though the same muscle torque was generated. The peak to peak amplitude (PtpA), and the m-wave area (Area) were significantly increased, while the time between the stimulus artefact and the positive peak (PosT) were substantially reduced when the muscles became fatigued. In addition, all m-wave variables recovered faster and to a greater extent than did torque after the recovery intervals. We concluded that rapid recovery intervals between FES-evoked exercise sessions can radically interfere in the use of m-waves as a proxy for torque estimation in individuals with SCI. This needs to be further investigated, in addition to seeking a better understanding of the mechanisms of muscle fatigue and recovery.
A Split G-Quadruplex and Graphene Oxide-Based Low-Background Platform for Fluorescence Authentication of Pseudostellaria heterophylla
Authors: Zheng Zhenzhu , Hu Juan , He Zhaodong
Published: December 2014

A label-free split G-quadruplex and graphene oxide (GO)-based fluorescence platform has been designed to distinguish Pseudostellaria heterophylla (PH) from its adulterants based on the differences in their nrDNA ITS sequences. Herein, GO has been first introduced to capture G-rich probes with 2:2 split mode and then decrease the background signal. As T-DNA exists, the probes leave the GO surface to form double-stranded structures followed by the formation of the overhanging G-rich sequence into a G-quadruplex structure, which combines quinaldine red specifically to produce a strong fluorescence signal. In addition, this strategy allows detection of T-DNA in a wide range of concentrations from 1.0 × 10−8 to 2.0 × 10−6 mol·L−1 with a detection limit of 7.8 × 10−9 mol·L−1. We hope that the split G-quadruplex/GO platform can be utilized to further develop gene identification sensors in Traditional Chinese Medicine or other analysis areas.