bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAIN STAGES OF DESIGNING RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR INGOT DEFORMATION ON HYDRAULIC PRESSES
Authors: Matіukhin A. , Knapiński Marcin , Ben A.
Published: October 2024

Objective. To study the technological process of forging large ingots on hydraulic presses in order to identify and reduce resource consumption.
Research methods. A finite element method that makes it possible to assess the stress-strain state of a workpiece, the possibility of levelling it, and homogenising it by controlling the factors that form the optimal forging method for a given workpiece.
Results. A resource-saving technological process based on the optimal forging method has been developed, which allows to bring the quality of the designed products to a new level and leads to an increase in technical and economic indicators of production. By controlling the stress-strain state of the metal, high quality forged products can be achieved and resource-saving technologies for forging forgings of high-alloy steel grades and alloys can be created.
Scientific novelty. The factors that form the rational resource-saving technological process of plastic deformation and the method of forging large forgings from alloyed, stainless steels and alloys on hydraulic presses, as well as the directions of their optimisation, have been formed. The finite element method allows us to predict the distribution fields of the workpiece’s stress-strain parameters, metal microstructure, and grain size.
Practical value. Practically grounded recommendations for optimal modes of forging ingots from tool steel grades were developed. This will reduce energy consumption, save time in the production of forged products and generally intensify the process of plastic deformation. The proposed recommendations can be applied not only in the processes of forging tool steel grades but also in other types of hot plastic deformation of metals of a wide range.
Features of manufacturing and clinical application of porous titanium implants for treatment of injuries and diseases of the spine
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Kollerov Mikhail , Davydov Evgeny ,   Joint Stock Company "KIMPF", Zavgorodnyaya Ekaterina , Afonina Maria ,   Center for Medical Technology and Rehabilitation
Published: October 2024

When treating injuries and diseases of the spine, it becomes necessary to replace the vertebral body or intervertebral disc with an implant. Such an implant should ensure the performance of the supporting function of the spine and facilitate the formation of a bone block (fusion). For this purpose, the most effective can be considered porous titanium that meets the requirements for biocompatibility, strength characteristics and rigidity. The possibility of obtaining such implants by diffusion welding of a specially twisted wire made of VT1-0 alloy and subsequent thermal hydrogen treatment, including thermal diffusion saturation of the implant blank with hydrogen and its subsequent removal during vacuum annealing, is considered. It is shown, that thermal hydrogen treatment makes it possible to transform the mechanical contacts of the wire after diffusion welding of the work piece into physicochemical ones. This makes it possible to increase the strength characteristics of the implant with a high volumetric porosity (up to 60–70 %) and bring its rigidity closer to the rigidity of the vertebrae. Optimization of the modes of diffusion welding and thermal hydrogen treatment was carried out to obtain a high complex of strength and plastic characteristics of implants. Clinical studies of the use of porous implants obtained by the proposed technology have shown their high efficiency in the treatment of injuries and diseases in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine. 247 clinical cases of the use of "cellular" porous implants (54 patients with injuries and 193 with degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine) were considered. In 214 cases, an improvement in the condition of patients was noted (86.6 %). Deterioration was observed in 4 patients (1.6 %), which was associated with contusion and edema of the spinal cord after the injury. It was found that in a relatively short period (up to 5–6 weeks), through the growth of bone tissue occurs through the implant. In this case, the formation of osteophytes on the lateral surface of the implant is not observed, which reduces the likelihood of injury.
Influence of chirality on buckling of inextensible rings subject to dead loading
Authors: Hoang Tuan M.
Published: October 2024

A variational approach is studied to understand buckling of inextensible rings made from chiral filaments and subject to dead loading. In opposite to previous literatures in which only in-plane bifurcation is allowed, i.e., the ring deforms only in its plane, in this work we consider both in-plane and out-of-plane bifurcation, i.e., the ring deforms both in its plane and out of its plane. For circular rings made from filaments without chirality, we find that they lose instability via out-of-plane bifurcation at critical values of loading smaller than those published. For circular rings made from filaments with chirality, they lose instability via coupling between in-plane and out-of-plane bifurcation at critical values of loading smaller than those at which bifurcation would happen without chirality. The destabilizing effect of chirality, however, can be reduced by increasing the twisting rigidity relative to the bending rigidity.
Hydration Awareness and Effect of Sports Nutrition Education Among Youth Baseball Players: A Pilot Study
Authors: Park Cheolho , Kim Kyunghee , Kim Chanju , Kim Jooyoung
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate hydration awareness among youth baseball players and the effect of sports nutrition education on hydration-related indicators.METHODS Eighty-two youth baseball players who participated in a winter training camp hosted by the Korea Baseball Organization (KBO) participated in this study. A questionnaire was used to assess hydration awareness, and sports nutrition education focused on hydration-related topics was implemented. Hydration-related indicators such as fluid intake and urine color were measured to determine the effect of sports nutrition education.RESULTS Although the hydration awareness of youth baseball players was low, sports nutrition education had a positive effect on changes in fluid intake and urine color during the training camp.CONCLUSIONS Sports nutrition education should be actively implemented in the field to improve hydration awareness and status among youth baseball players.
Analysis of Mortality Among Patients Attended by a Mobile Emergency Service in Paraná Between 2019 and 2020: An Observational Study
Authors: Gavioli Aroldo , Fernanda dos Santos Bezerra Ludwig Erika
Published: October 2024

Objective: To analyze the mortality of patients treated by an Emergency Mobile Care Service (SAMU) located in Paraná. Method: a cross-sectional study developed with data from care reports of 2019 and 2020; the SAMU covers 21 municipalities, regionalized into Poles A and B. The dependent variable was death and length of care. Survival functions were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and the Log-rank test; the Hazard Ratio (HR) of death by Cox regression. Results: A total of 13,326 cases were analyzed, of which 246 died. The risk of death was higher for time-sensitive requests (HR=0,17; IC95%), in 2020 (HR=2.09; IC95%), in care at the advanced support unit (HR=21.51; IC95%) and at Pole B (HR=4.26; IC95%). Conclusion: Mortality was higher at longer time intervals, in time-sensitive care, occurringin less populated regions, served by advanced support in 2020.
Keywords: Mortality; Emergencies; Emergency medical services; Ambulances; Survival analysis.
DENDROCLIMATIC STUDIES OF SCOTCH PINE IN THE SOUTHERN TAIGA ON THE EASTERN EDGE OF THE RUSSIAN PLAIN
Authors:   Perm State University, Gatina Evgenia L. , Yugova Irina А. ,   Perm State University
Published: October 2024

Regional dendroclimatological studies demonstrate the most accurate results when climatic responses of woody plantsto changes in climatic factors are identified in one particular region. Coniferous trees are the most frequent object of observation in suchstudies as they are more longevous and sensitive to changes in external factors. The paper presents the results of dendroclimatic investigation of growth variability of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) growing in the southern taiga on the eastern edge of the Russian Plain. Chronology construction and data analysis were performed using CooRecorder, CDendro, COFECHA, ARSTAN and R programs. The obtainedtree-ring chronology of Scotch pine covers the time interval from 1822 to 2022, with a series duration of 201 years. The maximum growthwas observed in 1950 (1.21 mm), 1984 (1.25 mm), 2010 (1.37 mm). The minimum increment was in 1914 (0.75 mm), 1942 (0.77 mm),1977 (0.78 mm), and from 2015 to 2017. The analysis of correlation dependence of Scotch pine growth and climatic conditions showedthat the growth and development of the studied trees have been most influenced by changes in air temperature in June of the of the previousyear and current years, the correlation coefficient (R) is 0.068 and 0.156, respectively, as well as in October of the previous and currentyears - 0.352 and 0.221, respectively. The amount of precipitation has a smaller impact on growth. Thus, the factor of growth and development of Scotch pine on the eastern edge of the Russian Plain in the southern taiga subzone is mainly the air temperature in the fall monthsof the previous year and current year as well as the June temperature of the current year.
IDENTIFYING AMERICAN TOURISTS’ UNIQUE EXPERIENCES FROM THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Smolianina Elena A. , Morozova Irina S. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Kharitonova Nina V. ,   Perm State University
Published: October 2024

Detailed experiences of travelers are presented in online tourist reviews that affect the way other tourists perceiveand plan their trips. Such reviews are sources of information in the form of open writing that allows reliable sharing of experienceabout tourist attractions. Previous studies have made use of tourist reviews to obtain lists of the most well-known tourist destinationsand their attributes or to evaluate service in the hospitality industry. This study looks at tourist reviews from a new perspective andidentifies unique tourism experiences using a combination of algebraic modeling and sentiment analysis applied to reviews about theLincoln Memorial. Our research findings reveal that they are based on neutral and negative assessments of the trips and refer to intangible items. Overall, unique tourism experiences can give useful advice on how to make a trip to the memorial comfortable and enjoyable. Additionally, they could provide travel managers with reliable information about the attraction for effective marketing campaigns.
ECONOMIC-AND-GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTIONS OF THE URALS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1920s
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Aguirrechu Alexander A.
Published: October 2024

As a result of economic zoning of the country performed by the USSR Gosplan (State Planning Committee) in the1920s, a need arose to draw up characteristics of the emerging regions, which became the reason for the almost simultaneous creationof several series of economic-and-geographical descriptions of the regions of the Soviet Union. As to the Urals, being one of thecountry’s leading industrial regions, books dedicated to it were published in five of the series, intended both for specialists and forvarious segments of the population. The article provides a retrospective review and some comparison of economic-and-geographicaldescriptions of the Ural Oblast (the region was included in the zoning grid under this name) in the second half of the 1920s, and alsotalks about the authors of these books, many of whom subsequently became the country’s leading economic geographers and madesignificant contributions not only to the geography of the Urals but also to various areas of economic geography and to the methodologyof teaching geography. Publications about the Urals marked the beginning of subsequent intensive study of the region both by scientistsfrom Moscow and Leningrad and by leading local economic geographers.
THE GENESIS OF LAKE TUGAR-SALGAN IN THE WESTERN FOOTHILLS OF THE SOUTHERN URALS
Authors:   Institute of Geology – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Smirnov Aleksandr I.
Published: October 2024

Lake Tugar-Salgan is located on the territory of the Ishimbay Municipal District of the Republic of Bashkortostan,10 km southeast of the city of Sterlitamak, at the foot of Shikhan Toratau (Turataw). Despite the morphometric parameters of the lakeestablished a long time ago, its origin is not fully clear. The genesis of the lake is considered to be karstic, but the formation mechanismand even its belonging to the type of karst based on the composition of the karst rocks have not been established. The purpose of theresearch is to determine the conditions and factors of the formation of Lake Tugar-Salgan, which is a complex natural monument ofrepublican importance. Data from a state hydrogeologic survey, a survey of exogenous geologic processes, and the author's 2022 fieldsurvey served as source data for this article. Research methods employed in the study include morphological and morphometric surveysof the lake bed and of the nearest landforms in its vicinity. It has been established that the lake formation was connected with thedevelopment of karst process in the gypsum of the Kungurian Stage of the Early Permian and the lake is located in the rear part of the third supra-flood terrace of the Belaya River valley. The distribution of surface manifestations of sulfate karst in the lake area is directlydependent on the age of relief elements on which they have been formed and inversely dependent on the thickness of non-karst sediments covering karst gypsum. Along with these, the main factor of the lake formation is the course of relief formation in the NeogeneQuaternary time. The karst basin with the lake is located at the mouth of the modern semi-blind erosion-karst ravine, and in the EarlyPliocene its mouth opened 89 km to the west in the paleovalley of the Belaya River. After the paleovalley had been filled with Plioceneand then Pleistocene sediments, the middle and mouth parts of the ravine and the karst landforms were buried under Quaternary alluvium. It was in the rear part of the third supra-floodplain terrace of the Belaya River valley, in the karst basin only partially filled withclayey Middle Pleistocene sediments, where Lake Tugar-Salgan was formed.
MANIFESTATIONS OF THE EL NIÑO AND LA NIÑA TYPES IN INTENSE CYCLONES IN THE BLACK SEA–MEDITERRANEAN REGION
Authors:   Institute of Natural and Technical Systems, Maslova Veronika N. , Voskresenskaya Elena N. ,   Institute of Natural and Technical Systems
Published: October 2024

The extreme phases of the El Niño – Southern oscillation (ENSO) are accompanied by dangerous and destructiveweather events that are difficult to predict. At the same time, El Niño and La Niña events that form it have ambiguous features, andconsidering the classification of these events into different types provides a better understanding of the patterns of their regional manifestations. The aim of the paper is to study the manifestations of classified types of ENSO events in intense cyclonic activity in the Black Sea–Mediterranean region. The analysis was carried out for cyclones identified with the use of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysisdata on the geopotential height of 1000 hPa for the period 1951-2017 and exceeding the 75th percentile in intensity (average depth).It is shown that responses to different ENSO types from September to April differ in sign for the Western Mediterranean, especiallyin winter months, and in intensity (significance) for the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea region. More consistent responsesare observed in the inter-season. In the Western Mediterranean, the frequency of deep cyclones decreases for both types of La Niñain autumn and in January, especially for the central La Niña type. For El Niño types, the frequency of deep cyclones significantlyincreases mainly in spring, especially for the central El Niño type in the Eastern Mediterranean and for the eastern El Niño type in theBlack Sea region. Different responses to El Niño types occur in the Mediterranean region and the Black Sea region due to the shift ofstorm tracks of Scandinavian cyclones to the Black Sea region. The results obtained show the probability of monthly anomalies in thefrequency of deep cyclones of the cold half-year in the Black Sea–Mediterranean region taking into account the type of El Niño/LaNiña events, and contribute to the development of a seasonal regional forecast of weather and climatic anomalies associated withdeep cyclones, with a lead time corresponding to the evolution time of events.
Effects of Composite Probiotic Food on Urinary, Serum Biochemical and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Urolithiatic Rat Model
Authors: V Sreeja , Suman Deepti , Vahora Nasim , Prajapati Jashbhai
Published: October 2024

Research background. Prevention, management or cure of diseases through dietary approaches is becoming increasingly important. Research suggests that probiotic, oxalate-degrading Lactobacillus species administered via a milk and cereal food can prevent kidney stones while also addressing nutritional deficiencies and maintaining essential calcium levels. This study investigates the effect of a composite probiotic milk beverage on urolithiatic rats.
Experimental approach. Probiotic milk-barley beverage (PMBB) was prepared by fermentation of milk enriched with barley (Hordeum vulgare) flour using starter culture containing oxalate-degrading probiotic strains (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strains MTCC5945 and MTCC25062, Lactobacillus helveticus MTCC5463 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum M11). Cumin and common salt were used as flavourings. Unfermented milk-barley base (C) served as control. Wistar rats were divided in four groups (N=6). Normal control (NC) group received normal rat diet, and to induce kidney stones, ethylene glycol (0.75 %) and ammonium chloride (1 %) were administered to the disease control (DC) group, PMBB and control (C) groups for 28 days. PMBB and C groups received 1 mL of probiotic milk and barley beverage and unfermented milk-barley base from day 15 to day 28. Indicators of urolithiasis were studied.
Results and conclusions. PMBB significantly (p<0.05) increased urine output, decreased urine oxalate concentrations and increased creatinine, calcium and uric acid concentrations. Serum parameters such as concentrations of calcium, uric acid, urea and creatinine increased significantly (p<0.05) in DC rats, but decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the PMBB group. In addition, serum concentrations of magnesium and osteopontin decreased more significantly in DC rats than in the PMBB ones. The increase in malondialdehyde and decrease in reduced glutathione concentrations observed in the DC group were significantly lower in the PMBB group. The histomorphology of the kidney tissue of DC rats showed calcium oxalate crystal aggregates in the tubules, indicators of renal injury, tubular dilatation, enlarged urinary space and shrunken glomeruli. The PMBB group showed an improvement in the renal histological architecture. Analysis of the caecal digesta of the rats showed a significantly (p<0.05) higher mass fraction of fatty acids (acetic and propionic) in the treatment group. The results show the potential of PMBB in the dietary control of urolithiasis.
Novelty and scientific contribution. This study focuses on the antiurolithiatic prospect of a composite probiotic milk beverage produced with oxalate-degrading culture. It also points to a new functional food form that shows promising health benefits in nutrition of patients with urolithiasis.
For a Plural Democracy: Human Rights, Interculturality and Resistance
Authors: Esser dos Reis Helena , Moreira Leitão Rosani
Published: October 2024

This article elucidates the limitations of the modern conception of pluralist democracy, which was forged amidst the Western republican struggles against monarchy in the 18th century and has profoundly influenced the contemporary notion of the Democratic Rule of Law State. Despite the achievements made for peasants and the bourgeoisie with the Declaration of Independence of the Thirteen Colonies of North America and the French Revolution, as well as the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, the inclusion of non-Western peoples remains entirely absent in pluralist democracy. This form of democracy is guided by proposals of assimilation, guardianship, or annihilation, rather than by the principles of equality and respect for differences. By discussing these dynamics, this article highlights the persistence of such conceptions in the social imagination and the actions of the Brazilian state, as well as the resistance of indigenous peoples. This resistance helps to envision other possibilities for a more inclusive pluralist democracy, one that is more welcoming to diverse peoples, cultures, and their distinctiveness.
Egy kultusz nélküli klasszikus a 19. századból – Kemény Zsigmond recepciója
Authors: Völgyesi Orsolya
Published: October 2024

Kemény Zsigmond emlékezete. Szerkesztette Takáts József. Osiris Kiadó, 2023 487 oldal (Osiris Irodalomtörténet)
Jogos könyv a holokausztról
Authors: Végső István
Published: October 2024

Bárd Károly: Számonkérés a holokausztért. Tettesek, áldozatok, bírák. Budapest: Múlt és Jövő, 2022. 269 oldal
Social Accountability at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine: A Focus on Admission Policy
Authors: Han Heeyoung , Klamen Debra
Published: October 2024

Given the increasing health disparities across regions and populations, social accountability is not an option but an obligation for health professions schools, including medical schools. In this short communication, the authors report the case of Southern Illinois University School of Medicine (SIU SOM), which has been an exemplary medical school for social accountability, receiving the 2013 AMEE ASPIRE Award in social accountability and the 2018 Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation Award for Institutional Excellence in Social Mission in Health Professions Education. This paper focuses on the school’s admission policies in the discussion of its social accountability. It starts with the background of central and southern Illinois, where the school is located to address the shortage of healthcare professionals in the areas. It discusses the school’s holistic admission policies and two pipeline programs—namely, MEDPREP and McNeese Physician Preparatory Pipeline Program (P4)—that are strategically designed as a long-term physician workforce development plan to address health disparities in rural areas. As of January 30, 2024, 3,233 students have earned the MD (Doctor of Medicine) degree at SIU SOM. In total, 770 alumni (33%) are practicing in primary care. Among 901 graduates practicing in Illinois, 484 (54%) are practicing in SIU SOM service area counties (i.e., central and southern Illinois). Social accountability is the core value and organizational identity of SIU SOM and the guiding principle of the school’s innovation and excellence.
“Where Do Children Go?”: Exploring Children’s Daily Destinations With Children, Parents, and Experts
Authors: Tavakoli Zahra , Waygood Owen , Abdollahi Shabnam , Paez Antonio
Published: October 2024

Research on children’s destinations has primarily focused on school trips, yet their lives are more than that. Different destinations contribute to children’s quality of life in different ways, but this is rarely examined. For our research, focus groups were conducted with different stakeholders to better understand non-school destinations, namely by identifying common, daily, and informal destinations and perceptions of how they relate to children’s well-being. Online focus group discussions were conducted with children (aged 8–12), parents (with children aged 7–13), and experts from different cities across Canada in May and June 2023, to obtain diverse opinions about children’s destinations. The analysis was conducted based on a prior review to categorize children’s destinations, identify informal destinations, green and grey places, and the relation between those destinations to children’s well-being. Discussions with parents, children, and experts highlighted the diversity of destinations relevant to children. Leisure destinations were one of the most mentioned in the discussions. Spaces without specific rules or structures were identified by experts as beneficial for children’s cognitive, social, physical, and psychological health. Parents mentioned primarily formal places, whereas children and experts mentioned primarily informal ones. Green destinations were more associated with physical well-being, though children dominantly associated green destinations with psychological well-being as well. All groups dominantly associated grey-type destinations with social and cognitive well-being. Using these results, urban planners can develop strategies to improve children’s access to their daily destinations that support their well-being.
COUNTERACTION TO THE NEGATIVE TENDENCIES OF THE MILITARY- POLITICAL SITUATION, DIRECTED TO THE CHANGE OF POLITICAL REGIME IN THE CHOSEN COUNTRY-TARGET
Authors:   Central Research Institute of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bogdanovych V.Y. , Muzhenko V.M. ,   Central Research Institute of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Tsybizov A.L. ,   Central Research Institute of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2024

aim for realization of the geopolitical interests in order to transform the world order. To protect the state system, namely to prevent the violent change of the ruling regime, it is needed to save socio-political stability in a country. It is shown in the article, that by basic direction of counteraction to the negative tendencies of the military-political situation, directed to the change of the political regime in the chosen country-target, regardless of what type of its political system is functioning and what a political course this system is realizing, activity of state authority as a final result have to be inferior to the aims of conservation of stability of controlled socio-political processes. Stability gives an opportunity to increase of controllability of public processes, that is why it can be considered integral description not only of political regime but also of social order on the whole. As political institutes, being original continuation and fixing of social norms and relations, first of all are called to put in order public relations, achievement by them political stability acquires exceptional value of the state activity. It is concluded that in the first approaching stability of the political system can be investigated by means of two used models: model of steady stability and model of unsteady stability, that gives an opportunity to choose as a criteria in providing of national safety the level of socio-political stability and the level of socio-political instability in the state. During the strategies researching which are oriented to the change of the ruling regime through immersion in chaos or leading out of country-target on the edge of chaos, the most informative criteria is a level of socio-political instability in the state-target.
Nutritional support for cancer patients during chemoradiation treatment
Authors: Kukosh Mariya Y. , Obukhova Olga A. , Ivanova Anastasia S. , Ter-Ovanesov Mikhail D.
Published: October 2024

An analysis of publications in the medical databases e-Library, PubMed, and Medline (2005–2024) was conducted to evaluate the impact of nutritional support on the tolerability of antitumor chemoradiotherapy. Based on the data collected, it was revealed that chemoradiotherapy is linked to a high risk of developing protein-energy malnutrition. Consequently, the initial nutritional deficiency and sarcopenia result in either a refusal to administer chemotherapy in favor of radiation treatment alone, a forced reduction in the dose of a cytostatic medication, or the disruption of the chemoradiotherapy course. Patients with malignancies of the head and neck who have received chemoradiotherapy with previous induction chemotherapy are in the “red zone” for the risk of developing protein-energy malnutrition. Nutritional support is one of the instruments that enhances the likelihood of treatment implementation and mitigates the risk of drug and radiation toxicity.
The fundamental principles of nutritional support during chemoradiotherapy include timely prescription, adequacy, composition of a specialized mixture, and the choice of the most physiological way of its implementation. Supplementing nutritional support with feasible strength physical exercise triggers protein synthesis in skeletal muscles, increases muscular sensitivity to the anabolic properties of amino acids, and mitigates insulin resistance.
Crustal Heterogeneity of the Bhutan Himalaya: Insights from PgQ Tomography
Authors: Bose Shirish , Singh Chandrani , Sarkar Sukanta , Dutta Abhisek
Published: October 2024

We present the results of a seismic investigation conducted in Bhutan using data from the Geodynamics and Seismic Structure of the Eastern Himalaya Region broadband network, focusing on variations in crustal structure and seismic attenuation properties. Through analysis of seismic data from 56 events recorded between 2013 and 2014, with magnitudes exceeding 4.5 and depths shallower than 50 km, we examined 1 Hz PgQ (Q0)-values among multiple station pairs using the two-station method. Our findings reveal significant disparities in PgQ0-values across Bhutan. The western region exhibits low PgQ0 values, indicating high seismic attenuation, whereas the central region shows medium-to-high PgQ0 values, suggesting lower attenuation. Notably, these results are consistent with the geometry of the Moho, providing valuable insights into crustal geometry and rheology. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of Bhutan’s complex crustal structure, offering insights into crustal properties and seismic attenuation mechanisms in this geologically significant region.
Investigating Sampling Bias in Seismological Research Through Secondary Variable: Insights from VS30 Datasets of Mainland China, Japan, Türkiye, and Taiwan
Authors: Zhou Jian , Li Li , Li Xiaojun
Published: October 2024

Sampling bias is an inevitable issue in seismological research, especially in collecting seismic site condition data due to operational constraints. It impacts data representativeness and subsequent model performance. Previous researches give insufficient consideration to this issue. Some researches worked on raw data directly. Some others used conventional declustering methods that rely on data spatial distribution and proved to be ineffective. This study investigates sampling bias in seismological research by employing a debiasing method that incorporates secondary variables, focusing on VS30 datasets from mainland China, Japan, Türkiye, and Taiwan. Quantifying analysis showed that, when considering topographic slope as the secondary variable, the sampling biases in the mainland China and Taiwan dataset are more pronounced. When examining the secondary variable of geology age, the sampling biases in the Japan and Türkiye datasets that are not readily discernible through visual inspection of spatial distributions become apparent. By investigating the sampling bias of the Türkiye and mainland China dataset using semivariogram as the secondary variable, this study reveals hidden bias within the Türkiye dataset, despite its well-distributed appearance. This finding further illustrates the limitations of relying solely on spatial distribution to detect sampling bias. In addition, the study examined the impact of sampling bias on resulting models. The topographic slope-based VS30 proxy models of debiased data in the four regions demonstrate significant effects of debiasing on modeling outcomes. Notably, the debiased models exhibit a homogenized trend comparing to original models in the low topographic slope range, indicating the possibility of a globally consistent relationship.
The Metatheoretical Location of our Commitments: Heterodox Truthmaking as a Case Study
Authors: Effingham Nikk
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the ‘metatheoretical location’ of principles in metaphysical theories, using the debate between Cameron and Goff as a case study. These principles can be situated either in a pre-theoretical framework or within the process of theorizing itself. Traditional truthmaking theorists, like Goff, view truthmaking principles as pre-theoretical assumptions that guide metaphysical inquiry. In contrast, Cameron advocates for a heterodox approach, where such principles are treated as theoretical conclusions reached through contentious debate and argumentation. This distinction has significant implications for how theories are evaluated. By examining this debate, the paper highlights how the metatheoretical positioning of methodological principles influences theoretical discourse in analytic metaphysics.
Reassessing Kripke’s Anti-Materialism and Almog’s Challenge
Authors: Garrett Brian , Joaquin Jeremiah Joven
Published: October 2024

In this text, we point out some obvious commitments of the identity theory of mind which allow the identity theorist to sidestep Saul Kripke’s famous anti-materialist argument. We also argue that a recent paper by Joseph Almog fails to undermine Kripke’s internalism about sensations.
Indeterminacy and the Immateriality of Thought: Ross on Natural and Formal Structures
Authors: Harris Joshua Lee
Published: October 2024

This paper addresses a debate on the immateriality of thought, focusing on James Ross’s argument regarding the indeterminacy of physical processes with respect to pure functions. Ross posits that some human cognitive processes, particularly logical reasoning and mathematical functions, exhibit a formal determinacy that no physical process can have, challenging physicalist accounts of mind. A critical response by Peter Dillard, known as the “schmitosis objection,” attempts to undermine Ross’s argument by drawing a parallel between biological processes like mitosis and formal functions such as addition. This paper defends Ross’s position by highlighting an overlooked distinction between transcendent and formal determinacy. By demonstrating that biological processes like mitosis are transcendentally determinate while pure functions are formally determinate, the paper refutes Dillard’s objection and supports Ross’s claim of the partial non-physicality of thought. The argument contributes to ongoing debates in the philosophy of mind and metaphysics by clarifying the distinct ways physical and non-physical processes relate to determinacy.
Ceasing to Exist and Harm Due to Loss of Vitality: A Different Approach to Metaphysics of Death
Authors: Baç Murat
Published: October 2024

According to the Epicurean tradition, there is something misleading about our common intuition that we are harmed at death. In contemporary literature, we find proponents of the anti-Epicurean view as well as staunch defenders of the no-harm theory. In this paper, I first deal with the question of the possibility of worldly presence after death and, secondly, with the idea of harm due to death of a person. The gist of my claim is that a non-absolutistic approach to the whole problematic of harm seems to have a better explanatory power in this context. In the course of my discussion, I coin and elucidate the phrase “loss of vitality” and assert that it may provide us with a more useful notion in the metaphysical treatment of death and harm. I also distinguish two perspectives with regard to being harmed and claim that there is a notable issue about being harmed at death especially when the matter is regarded internally, in contrast to an external point of view.
Percepções Discentes Na Elaboração De Projetos Para Feira De Ciências
Authors: Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Dell Asem Erica , Alves de Oliveira Maria de Fatima
Published: October 2024

As Feiras de Ciências constituem-se em oportunidades de estimular o gosto pela pesquisa e afastar os estudantes da postura de meros recebedores do conhecimento, partindo da investigação, tornando-os protagonistas de seu aprendizado. O objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar a percepção dos alunos de 6º ano de uma escola pública do Rio de Janeiro sobre a elaboração e o desenvolvimento de projetos para a Feira de Ciências. A coleta de dados fora realizada mediante aplicação de um questionário após a apresentação na Feira de Ciências. As respostas foram analisadas segundo a Tematização de Fontoura (2011) e revelaram que os estudantes percebem o seu protagonismo na elaboração dos projetos e se apropriam das etapas da metodologia científica durante o seu desenvolvimento. Concluímos o quanto é importante oportunizar aos educandos atividades que partam de suas indagações para que eles se apropriem das etapas de investigação e sintam-se estimulados a desenvolverem seus projetos objetivando o letramento científico previsto na Base Nacional Comum Curricular.
Clubes de Ciências na XVII Fecti (2023): presença significativa e desafios
Authors: Goldbach Tania , Suisso Das Chagas Ferreira Carolina , Canário dos Anjos Júlia , Vieira Da Silva Assumpção Meiryelen , Pinto Teixeira Da Fonseca Marcela , Correia Miranda Beatriz
Published: October 2024

Este trabalho tem a intenção de valorizar e refletir sobre a importância de espaços de desenvolvimento de atividades práticas e autônomas voltadas para a educação científica e do pensamento científico-criativo pelos professores e educandos, no cotidiano escolar. Partimos do entendimento que os Clubes de Ciências se constituem nestes espaços, mesmo que não sejam vividos por todos os alunos, traçando breves históricos. Verificou-se, em nossa pesquisa, que um percentual significativo (24%) destes projetos apresentados na última edição da Feira de Ciências, Tecnologia e Inovação do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (XVI FECTI) foram elaborados a partir de atividades em Clubes de Ciências ou similares nas unidades escolares. Foi identificada e analisada a procedência geográfica e tipo de gestão das escolas, assim como o percentual dos premiados no evento, após criteriosa avaliação, que costumeiramente é feita pelos organizadores. Os resultados dos questionários enviados para a totalidade dos projetos demonstraram tanto uma considerável associação entre Clubes e presença na Feira, quanto aspectos positivos dos mesmos no contexto escolar. São apontados desafios para a consolidação e ampliação destes agrupamentos no cenário da educação científica.
Effect of Prophylactic Tranexamic Acid on Peripartum Changes in Hemoglobin Concentration After Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Omoronyia Ezukwa E , Ekuma Moses I , Eyong Edu , Abeshi Sylvester E , Akpan Ubong B
Published: October 2024

Objective: To evaluate the effect of prophylactic intravenous tranexamic acid on postpartum hemoglobin concentration values compared to control. Methods: This is a randomized controlled study involving 80 parturients with no apparent risk for PPH in a tertiary hospital who were grouped into two of 40 each. Group A received 10iu of oxytocin intramuscularly with 1000mg of intravenous tranexamic acid within one minute of having vaginal delivery of the baby while group B received intramuscular oxytocin 10iu with 10mls of sterile water and served as the control group. The primary outcome measure was the difference in admission and postpartum hemoglobin concentration (Hemoglobin change). Result: During the study period, 80 parturients that were recruited, completed the study. The characteristics of the parturients in the two groups had no significant statistical difference in their demographic characteristics and admission parameters (P>0.05). The mean postpartum hemoglobin concentration was significantly higher in the tranexamic acid plus oxytocin group compared to placebo plus oxytocin group (10.28+ 0.59ml) versus (9.44+0.62ml) p<0.005. There was no major maternal side effect in both groups. Conclusion: When compared with placebo plus oxytocin, tranexamic acid plus oxytocin was more effective in reducing postpartum hemoglobin drop after vaginal delivery. Tranexamic acid plus oxytocin is therefore recommended to be part of the active management of the third stage of labor.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Cancer Patients Admitted to the Hospital with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Al-Saleh Anoud , Hassouneh Dana , Dhaydel Sara , Faqeer Nour
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is associated with high risk of complications in cancer patients. Few studies evaluated hospitalized cancer patients with CAP. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of cancer patients admitted with CAP. Methods: A retrospective study that included patients admitted to King Hussein Cancer Center in Jordan with the diagnosis of CAP (January 2021-August 2022). CAP was defined based on the Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines criteria. Patients' characteristics, microbiological cultures, length of hospital stay, transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU), and all-cause mortality were recorded. We also assessed early clinical stability, defined as temperature ≤37.8°C, heart rate ≤100/min, respiratory rate ≤24/min, systolic blood pressure ≥90mmHg, and oxygen saturation ≥90% at room air on the third day of admission. Results: We evaluated 632 cancer patients admitted with CAP. The mean age was 60 (±13.9 SD) years; 55% were males, breast cancer was the most prevalent malignancy (23%) and 49% had received cancer-related treatment within 2 months. Positive blood and sputum cultures were detected in 12% and 30% of the patients, respectively. Early clinical stability was achieved in 49% of the patients, and 89% were discharged home after a median of 6 days (range: 1-48) in the hospital. Among the included patients, 3% required ICU transfer and 11% died. Conclusions: Early clinical stability was achieved in about half the patients and the majority were discharged home. Future research should be conducted to identify interventions to improve clinical outcomes of CAP in cancer patients.
Unveiling the Marvels of 3D Echo
Authors: Ahmad Sheeraz , Sadiq Muhammad A , Parkash Jai , Kamal Ahmad , Al Ismaili Abdullah , Al Kindi Fahad
Published: October 2024

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Anomalous Origin of the Posterior Descending Artery Causing Inferolateral Myocardial Ischemia in an Octogenarian
Authors: Bagheri Ahmad R , Maddali Madan M , Al-Jabri Adil A
Published: October 2024

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Unusual Presentation of Osteoid Osteoma with Exacerbating Pain during Menses
Authors: Nori Wassan , Abdulqader Shaymaa K , Akram Nabeeha N , Al-Ani Raid M , Hassan Qays A , Pantazi Alexandru C
Published: October 2024

Osteoid osteomas (OO) are benign neoplasms commonly present during the second and third decade of life, showing a male predominance with classical nocturnal bone pain dramatically responding to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. We report a rare OO in a young female who presented with right leg bone pain that was exacerbated during menstruation, a presentation that had never been reported before. The pain intensity increased and interfered with her daily activity, which urged for a careful evaluation by a computerized tomography scan showing OO signs. Surgical excision and histopathology confirmed OO. The patient’s pain drops down to zero on the visual analog scale. Two years after the surgery, she is well with no recurrence signs. A novel OO presentation may increase physician awareness of atypical presentation. A careful evaluation of a challenging presentation added to an imaging study may reveal the underlying cause and rule out other diagnostic dilemmas.
Chondromyxoid Fibroma of Phalanges
Authors: Khan Lubna S , Farheen Sifa , Pandey Vijay K , Singh Vinay P , Madakshira Manoj G
Published: October 2024

Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a rare, benign metaphyseal bone tumour characterised by a combination of chondroid, myxoid, and fibrous elements, which can affect any bone at any age, without a gender predilection. We report the case of CMF in a 47-year-old lady who presented with swelling of the left little finger to a tertiary care hospital at Kolkata, India, in May 2024. Imaging showed presence of a lobulated lesion arising from the middle phalanx of the left little finger, extending to involve the base of the distal phalanx. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the lesion was indicative of a moderately cellular myxoid lesion. Histopathology remains crucial for diagnosis, which revealed a lobulated tumour with zones of spindle to stellate cells, associated with abundant myxoid and chondroid matrix in the intercellular areas. Treatment involves complete local excision with tumor free margins, as recurrence can occur with local curettage.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PEDAGOGICAL MEANS OF DIFFERENTIATION AND INDIVIDUALIZATION AS A BASIC CONDITION FOR AN INCLUSIVE APPROACH IN TEACHING HETEROGENEOUS COLLECTIVES IN PRIMARY EDUCATION
Authors: Semradova Monika
Published: October 2024

The research focuses on the current trend of increasing the quality of education, which brings with it increased demands on teacher competences in the implementation of differentiated instruction for primary students from the very beginning of schooling. The key subject of the research investigation is the inclusive concept of differentiated instruction, which represents a complex modification of the educational content, process, product and evaluation of the educational process. According to the Strategies of Educational Policy of the Czech Republic until 2030+, ensuring comparable and high-quality teaching in primary schools by introducing internal differentiation and individualization is a key strategy for improving the quality of teaching of heterogeneous collectives. However, teachers are not sufficiently prepared for this reality and there is very little relevant literature. Using a qualitative research design that includes participant observation and semi-structured interviews with seven teachers from three regions of the Czech Republic, this paper seeks to systematically map the implementation of these pedagogical strategies in the years 2021-2023 with first and second year primary students in the subjects of Czech language and mathematics. A multi-case study of seven teachers presents a longitudinal study of the implementation of differentiated teaching strategies with a focus on its inclusive concept, which is reflected in all components of the educational process. This dissertation highlights the urgent need for further research in this critically important area, especially in light of the lack of exploration of pedagogical means of differentiation and individualization in the Czech research field.