bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die werking van die musiekmotief in De koperen tuin van Simon Vestdijk
Authors: Van der Westhuizen B.
Published: May 2013

Simon Vestdijk is one of the most prominent figures in the literary awareness of the Netherlands. From an intertextual study between De toekomst der religie (The Future of Religion) and De koperen tuin (The Copper Garden) it emerges that the postulated view of reality is transposed in narrative form in the text-internal vision of reality in the novel. This transformation is concretized and manifested in visible terms in the character portrayal, especially with regard to music as the passion to which the main character dedicates himself. The many references to music in the novel gradually gain importance as a motif that becomes a symbol of different kinds of love. In the course of the narrative, and especially towards the end of it, there is a substitution of religious value contents in the main character who is led to humanistic love through music, so that this process of transvaluation of religion (in the wider sense of the word) becomes the main emphasis of the discourse of the novel, albeit in veiled form.
Die vertaling van voorwaardelike konstruksies met die deelwoord in Bybelse Hebreeus in ’n aantal Bybelvertalings
Authors: Van Rooy H. F.
Published: May 2013

The translation of conditional constructions with the participle in Biblical Hebrew in a number of Bible translationsThis article discusses the translation of conditional constructions in Biblical Hebrew in the Septuagint, Vulgate and the Old and New Afrikaans translations. Conditional sentences with a participle in the Hebrew protasis are discussed as well as instances where a participial phrase is substituted for the protasis. Constructions in laws and in narrative contexts are dealt with separately and single, double and complex constructions are distinguished. Participial constructions in laws are mainly translated by relative constructions. The Septuagint frequently has participial translations and the Vulgate uses a number of different constructions. In narrative contexts the Hebrew participles are used in ordinary conditional sentences after conditional particles. The translations mainly use the present tense in the protases of the conditional sentences in narrative contexts.
Maar net nog ’n butch? ’n Feministiese lesing van die Halewijnlied
Authors: Jordaan D. J. , Mulder W.
Published: May 2013

Just another butch? A feminist reading of the HalewijnliedIn this article the authors argue that a form of covert feminism is present in the Halewijnlied (Song of Halewijn), an important Middle Dutch text. Utilizing the poststructuralist notion of écriture rather than lecture, the latent content of the text is explored, enabling the authors to (re-)construct the ‘meaning' of the text within the context of Kristeva's notion that the Virgin cult constitutes "a triumph of the unconscious in monotheism This "triumph of the unconscious "amounts to a form of female power which is the “underhand double of explicit phallic power" and sets up a temporary "commonality of the sexes" within the patriarchal system. By means of the personage of the Princess, Freudian displacement in terms of social sex roles occurs, negating some of the binary oppositions characterising the man:woman dichotomy. This process results in an 'androgenic’ space in which both sexes are temporarily set free from the sexual roles forced upon them by a patriarchal system.
In memoriam lingua: ’n linguistiese ondersoek van ’n metafiksionele teks deur Etienne van Heerden
Authors: Mackenzie L.
Published: May 2013

In memoriam lingua: A linguistic investigation of a metafictional text by Etienne van HeerdenMetafictional texts always problematize explicitly and/or implicitly the ability of language to signify a reality beyond itself It follows that an assessment of a metafictional text should benefit by an investigation of its linguistic fabric. A similar investigation of Etienne van Heerden's short story "Die wederopstanding van Olive” in Liegfahriek (a) outlines a number of the author-narrator's strategies - verbal and non-verbal - in order to circumvent the insignificance of his medium; (b) brings the reader to a realisation of his/her own participation in the stultification of language, and (c) reveals the inherent content of all literary texts.
Om inteendeel te sê: oor selfskepping - wanneer lewe en vertel deurmekaar raak
Authors: Burger W.
Published: May 2013

To say ‘on the contrary’: On self-creation - when life and narration mergeIn Brink’s novel, Inteendeel (On the Contrary) of 1993, Estienne Barbier rewrites his life while imprisoned in the Dark Hole. A close relationship between life and narration thus develops. This problematic relation is often foregrounded in metafictional texts. On the one hand, mimetic representation of reality is undermined, while on the other, the textuaiity, the linguistic quality of life, is emphasized. The dialogic character of self-creation prevents this metafictional text, in which self-creation also plays an important role, from being narcissistic. It is also argued that self-creation and metafictional comments are processes by means of which the aesthetic dimension and life merge, with the hope of creating a more humane world.
Le Congo de Tintin
Authors: Boisacq M-J
Published: May 2013

As any event, whatever it may be, bears the mark of the period and of the society when and where it was conceived, I believed it would be of interest to situate, in its ideological context, Herge's comic, Tintin au Congo, often criticised by readers in spite of its enthusiastic reception. After having briefly recalled Tintin's adventures in the Congo, I then explain the circumstances of the creation of this album and the ideological climate which determined the contents. I go on to recall how the Belgian Catholic middleclass actually imagined Africa to be. In my final point, 1 try to indicate the reasons for the success of Herge 's work
Beleefdheid in Afrikaans: ’n sosiolinguistiese perspektief
Authors: Bosch B.
Published: May 2013

Politeness in Afrikaans: a sociolinguistic perspectiveThis article argues that because the phenomenon of linguistic politeness is embedded in a particular linguistic community, linguistic politeness should in the first instance be studied from sociolinguistic and pragmatic perspectives. Using Afrikaans examples, different types of linguistic politeness are identified. The identified politeness types are discussed with special reference to conversational politeness, directives, complaints and honorifics. It is also argued that the specific choice of lexical items and ‘in group’ variants can be regarded as a form of linguistic politeness. A feminist perspective on politeness clearly illustrates that linguistic politeness is an everchanging, dynamic concept which is closely linked to both interpersonal and societal associations which prevail at a specific point in time.
Truth and reconciliation: Confronting the past in Death and the Maiden (Ariel Dorfman) and Playland (Athol Fugard)
Authors: Maree C.
Published: May 2013

Both plays deal with the devastating effects of the sociopolitical on the individual and point to the ways that factuality enters fiction, either to defictionalize it or refictionalize it. The characters in each play confront the past by seeking the truth, either to tell it or have it told to them. In Fugard's play, written in the middle o f a transition period, the confession is complete and this resolution places the play in the generally utopian world of protest theatre. Dorfman's play, written after the redemocratization of Chile, is grounded in uncertainties, half-truths and deceit. The confession is incomplete and thus there is no resolution or final harmony, placing this play within the operative dilemmas of the theatre of crisis.
Die stoetmeester van Etienne van Heerden: gesigte van ’n gestorwe siener
Authors: Hattingh M.
Published: May 2013

Etienne van Heerden’s Die stoetmeester: visions of a dead prophetAlthough the title indicates that Van Heerden's fourth novel tells the story of a stud-master, the narrative structure shows how one personal history implicates a variety of other stories. In this way the novel illustrates how subjectivity interacts with the narratives of history and of culture. The dominant focalizer in the novel is a deceased Afrikaner attorney, Siener (meaning prophet), who is reviewing the circumstances leading to his death. His exceptional narrative position entitles him to go back in time and enter the thoughts of all the characters involved. The result is a polyphonic display of voices and stories. In this article the question is posed whether the narrative position of the novel as a post-modern critique of truths and certainties can be reconciled with Siener’s explicit display of political preferences. Ultimately Van Heerden’s novel illustrates the Afrikaner author’s struggle for moral authority in the present transitional era.
Being and the dialectics of irony: A reading of some of Milan Kundera’s novels
Authors: Hattingh H.
Published: May 2013

In this essay Milan Kundera is read as an artist who has something to say on the subject of being. He is also read as an ironist in the postmodern vein, an ironist whose writing shatters reader and author alike. The essay thus runs two processes simultaneously: Firstly it is a quasi-theoretical attempt at establishing Kundera’s idea of being. Secondly it will be an attempt at showing how Kundera’s ironising function is manifested in the novels themselves.
Die verlede en versoening: Afrikaanse oorlogsliteratuur as (alternatiewe) bron van geskiedskrywing oor die indiwidu
Authors: Erasmus M.
Published: May 2013

The past and reconciliation: Afrikaans war literature as (alternative) source of historiography regarding the individual This article looks at Afrikaans literary texts in which the ‘border war’ (1966-1989) is dealt with in a creative manner, and contrasts these texts with historiographical texts on this topic. The role that fictional texts with a partly historical content play in the process of reconciliation in South Africa is examined with reference to ‘border literature’ in particular.
William Carlos Williams’ cubism: The sensory dimension
Authors: Kruger J-L
Published: May 2013

In this article the cubism of the American poet William Carlos Williams is discussed as a product of sensory elements combined with techniques derived from the work of the visual artists associated with this style. Through the study o f a number of poems written in the period between 1917 and 1923 it is shown that Williams employs the cubist intersection of sensory planes in particular to create a sensory dimension that not only renews the traditions and mode of poetry, but also reveals the cubist concern with the defamiliarization and foregrounding of fragments of everyday experiences. Ultimately the article is an attempt to indicate Williams’ incorporation o f a sensual dimension in creating a style that achieves modernist presentation revealing an independence from both traditional literary and visual styles.
Die boek Job as bron van intertekste vir ‘Wie weet?' (Die waarheid gelieg, 1984)
Authors: Botha E.
Published: May 2013

The Book of Job as a source of intertexts for T.T. Cloete’s short story ‘Wie weet?’ (Die waarheid gelieg, 1984) T.T. Cloete’s account of a woman's physical and spiritual agony in the short story “Wie weet?” ffrom Die waarheid gelieg, 1984), read within the South African/Afrikaans cultural context, presents several indicators that the Book of Job is its intertext, the most explicit pointer being the role of the sufferer’s sister-in-law. Intertextuality in Cloete’s oeuvre often takes the form of a creative reworking or rereading of texts (cf Scholtz, 1984; Botha, 1984; Roos, 1986). Roos comments on the caricatural treatment of theme in Cloete’s “Veg om te verloor” (Cloete, 1984), highlighted by the rereading imposed on the reader of Van Melle’s well-known story "Die joiner”, creating distrust in the implicit author of the Cloete text. The argument in this essay is that the explicit engagement of the intertext, as in "Wie weet?”, also serves as an affirmative complement to the negative incompleteness of the rereading. Thus the desperate questioning of "Wie weet?” becomes an integral part of a reading of Cloete’s oeuvre as a hymn to God’s omnipotence and mercy, epitomized in the poem "Van Horn en my” (Jukstaposisie, 1982).
Op welke wyse word die waarheid gelieg? Die kortverhale van T.T. Cloete
Authors: Du Plooy H.
Published: May 2013

Truthful lying in T.T. Cloete’s short storiesIn this article an attempt is made to characterize the short stories of T.T. Cloete in Die waarheid gelieg. The theory of focalization is examined briefly and a definition of focalization which emphasizes the epistemological aspects ofperspective and formulation is used to examine the stories. The stories are compared to stories of Kafka and Borges indicating the resemblances, especially the fascination with the unexpected and weird contradictions in reality, as well as the differences. An intratextual reading of the stories and poems by the same author is undertaken in an attempt to formulate the epistemic position of the focalization in the texts. The article concludes that the Christian worldview as well as a poetics of nomenliterature of the abstract author can be deduced from the stories on account of the assumption that epistemic stances are reflected in the narrative representation and can be communicated to readers by means of propositional attitudes.
Die fenomenologie van T.T. Cloete
Authors: Viljoen H.
Published: May 2013

The phenomenology of T.T. CloeteThis article is an exploration of the way phenomena are treated in the poetry of T.T. Cloete. Four important aspects of Cloete's way of looking are discussed, viz. the collecting eye that connects everything with everything, the eye that discovers correspondences, the deological eye that reads signs of God’s presence, and the reflecting eye. A critique of reflection is developed by means of a more detailed analysis of “Blydskap” (Joy). These four ways of seeing indicate links between Cloete's poetry and Husserl’s Phenomenology.
Jukstaponering van Hom en my - die digter as hermeneut
Authors: Robinson A. S.
Published: May 2013

Juxtaposition of Him and me - the poet’s role as a hermeneutIn dealing with T.T. Cloete's poem “Van Horn en my” (Jukstaposisie, 1982) a reading strategy is developed to determine the significance of the interplay of texts and the effects on meaning production encoded in the text. A consideration of the intertextual literary context and comparative reading activates participation in the poetic process. What is perceived in Cloete’s poetic strategies in the poem "Van Hom en my” is the signifying of Omnipresence and of dimensionality within the poem’s limited space. Since comparable poetic strategies which signify the same perceptions are traced by exegetes in the source text, these strategies reveal the particular hermeneutic process present in the way the poet employs his intertext.
’n Retoriese analise van die vyf lykdigte in T.T. Cloete se Allotroop
Authors: Viljoen L.
Published: May 2013

A rhetorical analysis of the five funerary poems in T.T. Cloete’s AlloiroopThis article works from the premise that these poems form part o f a tradition that can he traced back to the funerary poetry of the Dutch Renaissance and from there to the funeral orations of Classical times. After referring to the current revival of interest in rhetoric, attention is given to the role which rhetoric played in Renaissance poetics and the influence it had on the practice of writing funerary poetry. The funerary poems in Cloete's Allotroop are then analysed, making use of the Renaissance descriptions of and prescriptions for funerary poetry researched by S.F. Witstein in Funeraire poëzie in de Nederlandse Renaissance. These analyses prove that Cloete’s poems make use of the elements basic to the Renaissance funerary poem and the classical funeral oration namely praise (laus), mourning (luctus) and consolation (consolatio) and that the rhetorical terminology devised centuries ago can still be useful in the reading of these poems.
Fragmente sloer in ons ore: die reaktivering van ouer literere tekste in die oeuvre van T.T. Cloete
Authors: Venter L.
Published: May 2013

Fragments linger in our ears: the re-activation of older literary texts in the oeuvre of T.T. CloeteRobert Scholes defines the vocation of the lecturer of literature as a commitment “to help our students unlock textual powers”, stressing the relation of the text to other texts. Scholes and N.P. van Wyk Louw use different metaphors for the concept of the entwinement o f literary texts. I identify (using Louw's metaphor) possible deviations implied by the text(s) of T.T. Cloete: reflection regarding the poet and the origin of the poem; the poet/Cloete functioning as "just another collection of (inter)-texts”, by virtue of his erudition and inclusive procéde; an implied personal and extended, international canon; the critical approach to the Afrikaans literature and the focus on the role of the reader via a Medieval text. My aim is to stress the efficacy of the poetry of Cloete to form a comprehensive curriculum.
Christelijke literatuur in Nederland aan het einde van de 20e eeuw
Authors: Werkman H.
Published: May 2013

Christian literature in the Netherlands at the end of the 20th century Christian literature implicitly or explicitly incorporates the idea of hope in Christ. Literature has an inherent ethical element and this element can also bear a Christian character. Following upon the ergocentric literary approach of the sixties more room has recently been given to “moralizing the literary domain as a corrective of the aestheticising of literature” (J.J.A. Mooij). Despite this trend Christian literature has not flourished in secularized Dutch society. Internally, Christian literature is endangered by Christian readers expecting a one-dimensional message; externally Christian literature as such is not recognized sufficiently by literary critics having no ties with or knowledge of Christianity. The existence of Christian literature in the Netherlands is, however, evident at the end of the 20th century. Although narrative prose inspired by the Christian message has not produced remarkably many novels, the novels of Mance ter Andere have definitely attracted attention. Christian poetry, however, is flourishing (Inge Lievaart, Guillaume van der Graft, Koos Geerds). In this essay it is contended that Christian literary critics have the advantage of being able to interpret and fathom biblical elements in literature, thus adding an ethical dimension to the evaluation of literature.
‘Hoe praat jy met ’n hele volk?’ (N.P. van Wyk Louw)
Authors: Van Rensburg F. I.J.
Published: May 2013

“How does one converse with a whole nation?” (N.P. van Wyk Louw) This article is an investigation into a somewhat neglected aspect of N.P. van Wyk Louw’s work. A close reading of his essayistic work, especially the two-volumed Versamelde prosa, reveals a distinctly educative bent in a considerable number of the essays and reflections. In these contributions the author consciously operates as a (literary) educator of his people. The implicit, sometimes explicit aim of many an essay is the spiritual enlightenment and enrichment of his Afrikaner readership, without losing sight of the universal dimensions and obligations of the subject under discussion. The article surveys and evaluates the various didactic strategies employed in achieving this overall goal.
Oorspronklikheid en verwante begrippe by N.P. van Wyk Louw
Authors: Schutte H. J.
Published: May 2013

Originality and related concepts in N.P. van Wyk Louw’s work This article investigates N.P. van Wyk Louw’s confrontation with originality and related concepts. Throughout his writing career, especially in his essays and public lectures, he attempted to clarify originality as "one of the most difficult concepts in literature". An outstanding feature of his research is that he repeatedly distanced himself from the Romantic view of the concept of originality. In stressing the importance of tradition he criticized the concept of “make it new” by substituting it with "acknowledged forms" from which a writer could work. The sole criterion is to ask whether a work of art is “good” and not whether it is “new”. Van Wyk Louw’s view of originality is closely related to intertextuality, but in contrast to many postmodernists, the "text" is of crucial importance to him. In the domain of literature one would say that Van Wyk Louw’s view of originality positions him essentially in line with the Esthetics of Identity.
Beckett and Coetzee: The aesthetics of insularity
Authors: Meihuizen N.
Published: May 2013

The permutations of sentence elements in Beckett's Watt have the impersonality (almost) of mathematics. The variations of combinations of the same elements in certain sections of the book could have been performed by a computer. It is noteworthy that J.M. Coetzee indeed subjects Beckett’s work to computer analysis, as if he responds to aspects of it by mirroring in his approach to it the essence of its automatism/autism/insularity. Coetzee’s own insularity, though, takes its bearing primarily from the socio-political state; Beckett’s, if linked to this, primarily from the individual estranged by the contemporary world. But Beckett shares with Coetzee the informing thrift necessary for the establishment of an aesthetics of insularity.
Die begrip dramatiese didaskalia (weer) beskou
Authors: Coetser J. L.
Published: May 2013

The dramatic didascalies revisited The concept of dramatic didascalies has received little theoretical attention in South Africa. Mouton (1989:166-195) included a chapter on the topic in her published doctoral thesis and Van der Merwe (1992) completed a master’s thesis on the didascalies as sign-system in dramas by M.S. Serudu. Both theses draw on an article by Savona (1982), in which virtually no attention is paid to the etymological influence of the word on the general meanings and interpretations attached to it. Consequently, the purpose of this article is to trace the correspondences between the historical background of the word "didascalies" and its applications to dramatic theory and practice. Historically it is possible to distinguish two main groups of literary didascalies in the published text of a play. Direct didascalies derive from the playwright, but indirect didascalies are supplied by someone else.
Drought-breaking love: An analysis of the moral values implied in ‘Drought’ by Jan Rabie
Authors: Van der Merwe C. N.
Published: May 2013

In this article the tension in 20th century literary theory between absolutism and relativism is discussed. It is argued that, in spite of a movement from absolutism towards relativism, the age-old “absolute” values of truth, beauty and goodness have never been totally forsaken in the creation and the contemplation of literature. In an analysis of “Drought” by Jan Rabie, it is indicated how these values are implied and invoked in Rabie's short story. In conclusion, the fundamental value of love or charity is discussed, a value which contains and supersedes the values of truth, beauty and goodness, and reconciles the tension between absolutism and relativism.
A critical analysis of Pier Paolo Pasolini’s African Oresteia
Authors: Michaelis K.
Published: May 2013

Pasolini's Appunti per un’Orestiade africana (1970) is a metaphorical film, inspired by the Greek legend of Orestes, in which Pasolini views postcolonial African history through the lens of mythology. His portrait of the birth of “modern” Africa is an attempt to narrate the passage from past to present and to salvage "prehistory" through his dream of the unification of the rational, democratic state and the irrational, primal slate of being. It is, however, a dream punctuated by contradictions and paradoxes, a dream which Pasolini will later abandon. Yet it is significant in the overall development of Pasolini's genre.
Psychoanalysis, science fiction and cyborgianism
Authors: Sey J.
Published: May 2013

Central to this paper is the understanding that much of crucial importance to psychoanalytic thought rests on a conception of the subject as inseparable from a history of the body a history in turn inseparable from the central tenets of Oedipus, in its turn a concept which originates in and is illustrated by literature. The paper will suggest that when recent cultural theorists, drawing on the implications of cybernetics and infoculture theory, contest the psychoanalytic notion of the subject, it is not surprising that they do so in terms of the possibility of an alternative body - a hybrid form of subjectivity between human and machine. Nor, the paper suggests, is it surprising that it should be science fiction, a genre with a long-standing concern with the possibility of such an amalgam, which supplies the key evidence for a post-oedipal theory of this "cyborg" subject. The paper concludes by speculating on the productivity of the conjunction between literature and thinking about the body, inasmuch as this conjunction attempts to establish a new anthropology of the self.
‘Text’ and ‘voice’ in recent South African poetry
Authors: Woeber C.
Published: May 2013

This article explores in some depth two volumes of poetry which are indicative of a tension between the poem as ‘text’ and the poem as ‘voice’, or the self-conscious (metaphoric) ‘reading' or ‘rewriting ’ of the world versus the outward (prophetic) ‘speaking' to the world. While neither book is hermetically sealed and, like all rich poetry, delights in transgressing categories, each is distinctive enough to lend itself to exploration in terms of ‘text’ and ‘voice’. The article argues that John Mateer, the self-avowed iconoclast yet to find an individual voice, is postmodern in his reading and rewriting of the fragmented world, while Joan Metelerkamp is closer to the modernists in her speaking to the hallowed world as poet-prophet, eschewing textual pyrotechnics while situating herself within poetic tradition.
The ‘other’ side of history as depicted in Isabel Allende’s Of Love and Shadows
Authors: Wenzel M.
Published: May 2013

The proceedings of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa have once again foregrounded the trauma involved in reconstructing a past fraught with political and personal violence and have, at the same time, also illustrated the therapeutic quality of testimony. Literature has always played a vital role in the process of coming to terms with reality. As a woman within a postcolonial context, Isabel Allende bears witness to political oppression and gender discrimination in her novels. They serve as examples of testimonial literature which focus on the plight of women as marginalized citizens and represent a collective conscience in testimony to the atrocities of the past. This is accomplished through the interaction of her fictional characters with a recognizable historical context. In Of Love and Shadows, her female protagonist, Irene, asserts her individuality through writing/reporting which questions the validity of the male-oriented and so-called “objective” historical reportage. By creating disparate and complementary perspectives which accentuate the female/personal as well as the male/public aspects of experience, Allende proposes a recognition of the personal and the peripheral in the documentation of historical events; she underlines the validity of the “other” side of experience and history.
Die gebruik van die mite in Die werfbobbejaan van Alexander Strachan
Authors: Klopper E. M.M.
Published: May 2013

The use of myths in Die werfbobbejaan by Alexander Strachan This article focuses on the rote of Zulu myths in Alexander Strachan’s novel Die werfbobbejaan. It lakes as point of departure sources on mythology like Cuddon (1991), Baldick (1990), Grimal (1969), Levi-Strauss (1979) and Jung (1969). Die werfbobbejaan essentially recounts the story of a man (the adventurer, the academic, the writer, the hunter) who also is the central character in Strachan's two preceding novels. Die werfbobbejaan focuses on the completion of an individuation process in the life of the central character, a process already begun in the preceding two novels and which in this novel finally culminates in the confrontation between hunter and baboon. The completion of this process is facilitated by the African milieu of Zululand where people give meaning to their existence by means of myths, and where no distinction is made between the mythic and rational modes of experiencing reality.
Politieke determinante in die hedendaagse gesprek oor Afrikaans
Authors: Verhoef M.
Published: May 2013

The influence of political determinants on the recent language debate concerning Afrikaans Public language debates are identified by issues which have little in common with real language issues but which are determined by political parameters. This article focuses on the particular political determinants which played a major role in the recent language debate concerning Afrikaans. The apparent trends of the debate are interpreted against the background of key concepts such as ideology, hegemony, power and rhetoric and the underlying principles of research paradigms such as Critical Linguistic Study and Language Planning. Subsequently the trends which have become apparent from the media debate as well as the implication of the general direction of this debate are evaluated.
The spaces of truth and cathedral window light
Authors: Gillespie G.
Published: May 2013

Major writers and painters of the Romantic period interpreted the church or cathedral in its organic and spiritual dimensions as a complex expression of a matured Christian civilization. Artists of the mid-nineteenth century continued to produce both secular and religious variations upon this established referentiality. Although divergent uses reciprocally reinforced the fascination for the central imagery of the church and its multiple contexts, they also came to suggest a deeper tension in Western development between what the church had meant in an earlier Europe and what it might mean for late modernity. The threat of a permanent loss of cultural values was an issue haunting Realist approaches. A crucial revision occurred when key Symbolist poets openly revived the first Romantic themes but treated them as contents available to a decidedly post-Romantic historical consciousness. There was an analogous revival of interest in the church as a culturally charged symbol in painting around the turn of the century. Although they might apply this poetic and pictorial heritage in strikingly different ways, writers of high Modernism such as Rilke, Proust, and Kafka understood its richness and importance.
The sexist nature of sexual expressions in Afrikaans
Authors: Van Huyssteen G. B.
Published: May 2013

Cognitive metaphor theories indicate that sexual metaphors are metaphors in which a taboo domain of knowledge is described in terms of a non-taboo domain of knowledge. Data from the Afrikaans language substantiate the idea that mappings between these two domains are motivated on cognitive as well as on pragmatic grounds. In this article, it will be attempted to indicate how sexism is sustained by sexual metaphors in the Afrikaans-speaking community. The fact that sexism is underlaid by sex role stereotypes, leads to the conclusion that sexism is also sustained by means of the use of metaphors. The fact that different metaphors exist in different sub-culture groups indicates that metaphorical mappings are strongly influenced by culture and ideology. Data from feminist communities substantiate this assumption. Finally, the possibility of metaphor transformation as a mechanism of purification with regard to sexism and stereotyping is investigated.
Die transformasie van Afrikaans - die afgelope dekade se mediadebat in oënskou
Authors: Verhoef M.
Published: May 2013

The transformation of Afrikaans - a review of the media debate of the last decadeThis article focuses on the language debate concerning the position and status of Afrikaans. This debate has mainly been conducted in Afrikaans newspapers during the past ten years. The apparent trends of the debate are interpreted against the background of transformation as a key concept. Apart from a brief theoretical investigation of the theory of social change, this article explores the applicability of these theoretical parameters on the transformation process to which Afrikaans has been subjected during the last decade. The article aims to demonstrate that the media debate on Afrikaans which has been conducted by members of the Afrikaans speech community is not unique but illustrates responses typical of all transforming societies regardless of time and space.
On the recovery of an ancient text: Principles of editing, The diaries of Lady Anne Barnard
Authors: Lenta M.
Published: May 2013

The unrevised and handwritten Cape diaries of Lady Anne Barnard for the years 1799 and 1800 have recently been transcribed and are now in the process of being edited. Since they are very long, and would be expensive to publish in their entirely, the question has arisen for their editors what principles of selection and emphasis should be followed in the editorial process. The diaries are private documents, intended to be read by no one but the author herself, and they are frequently non-standard in punctuation, spelling and even at times in syntax. The editors therefore face other issues, concerning their right to correct or standardise the text, which as it stands, is an illustration of the practice of a highly intelligent and experienced woman with almost no formal education - a woman who in many respects is representative of her time and class. The different kinds of interest present within the text - Cape and European history, the history of women, of slaves and of colonialism, as well as of the indigenous peoples of the Cape hinterland, may well represent alternative focuses between which the editors, in an abbreviated text, must choose, since the final decision concerning publication is likely to be an economic one. Finally the editors’ recommendations are likely to be based on the degree of interest possessed by the text in its component parts - are all its subjects equally interesting to the envisaged reader, the amateur of history of the present day?
Sluiting in die drama
Authors: Anderson N.
Published: May 2013

Closure in dramaIn this article closure is investigated as a strategy in dramatic communication. After explicating the relevant terminology for purposes of intersubjectivity, closure in drama is explained by way of logical analysis. In conclusion this argumentation is empirically tested by confronting it with the independent reading results of selected critics.
‘Liegfabriek’: tekslinguistiese bindingspatrone
Authors: Bosch B. , Du Plessis W.
Published: May 2013

‘Liegfabriek’: text linguistic linking patternsWithin the framework of Text Linguistics it can be argued that linguistic patterns play a role in the structuring and generating of meaning. In the first instance this article investigates the ‘sociolinguistic fibre' in the short story "Liegfabriek'' by Etienne van Heerden. Attention is focused on the characteristics of advertising language and it is indicated how, from a sociolinguistic perspective, advertising language is used to generate different meanings in a literary text. Secondly the linguistic mechanisms employed in establishing structural and semantic unity as well as thematic continuity within the text are investigated. Finally it is argued that an investigation of the linguistic fibre of a literary text sheds light on the complex entity called a literary text.
‘ons is nie halfnaaitjies nie/ons is Kaaps’: Die wroeging met identiteit by enkele swart Afrikaanse skrywers
Authors: Van Wyk S.
Published: May 2013

Wrestling with identity: some black Afrikaans writersNotions of identity are major themes in black Afrikaans writing. This phenomenon is caused by the imperative for these writers to articulate a particular community's struggles, but is also caused by the critics' inclination to read the coloured community in these texts. This article looks at the constructs of identity in the work of three leading figures: S.V. Petersen, Adam Small and Patrick Petersen. The following trends are identified: adherence to the Afrikaner, Black Consciousness, communality with Afrikaans speakers, identifying with the rainbow nation. The article draws on post-colonial theory and current debates in South African society to evaluate these constructs.
Contingency and construction: from mimesis to postmodernism
Authors: Zima P. V.
Published: May 2013

In this article the transition from literary realism (Balzac, George Eliot, Verga) is described as a shift from mimesis to constructivism. It is indicated how the realist confidence in the ability of the writer to represent reality as such yields to a modernist skepticism which recognises the contingent character of all fictional constructs. In spite of this discovery, modernists such as Kafka, Proust and Sartre still believe in a meaningful search for reality, authenticity and truth. This belief seems to disappear in the works of postmodernist authors such as Robbe-Grillet, Eco or Fowles who tend to dissociate fiction from any kind of meaningful search, transforming it into a game: a gadget for the reader. The author, who adopts the perspective of Critical Theory, argues towards the end of the article that the latter is modernist insofar as it refuses to follow the postmodernists in their playful abandoning of key realist and modernist concepts such as truth, authenticity and critique.
Tales of transition
Authors: Viljoen H. , Hentschel E.
Published: May 2013

In this article the rationale of this special issue is provided and the different contributions are introduced. The assumption is that there are strong similarities between the recent political and social transitions in South Africa and Germany and the reactions, both emotional and literary, of the people involved. Broadly, the transitions are described as a movement from external (or violent) to internal (or ideological) social control, though this must be modified by the various constructions the contributors put on the transition. The main themes and questions of the transitions are synthesized, highlighting the marked similarities the different contributions reveal. The most important of these are the relation to the past, problems of identity, projections of the new and the internal contradictions of nationalist discourse (which informs the process of transition). In conclusion, the similarities and differences between the two transitions indicated by this special issue, are discussed. The assumption of strong similarities between the two seems to hold, it is argued, but much more research into the matter is needed.
Parallels and contrasts - Wendezeit in South African and German literature
Authors: Horn P.
Published: May 2013

We live in the present, but our language is always the language of the past. Memory is fragile, evanescent and often distorted. Even where memories are vivid and subjectively compelling, there is no guarantee that they are correct. The documents which come down to us are riddled with lacunae, silences, and with outright lies. But these documents are the basis and the limit of our constant rewriting of history. Official history is an erasure of an alternative history. The truth, which surfaces in myths and stories, is the truth forgotten by history, or more precisely, the truth repressed by history. Not only the henchmen and the prison warders have a bad memory. The victims, too, have difficulties remembering. But not to want to know the truth about oneself is an attitude which always leads to catastrophe. Literature discovers the dark underworld beneath the glittering surface of this country, which considers itself to be happy. It is art, the novel, the poem, the image, which transcends the boundary of that area which is excluded from language. Fictional reports can, however, do that only because they lack the authority of official history writing, because that which is written fictionally has been called a lie since the time of Plato. There is, nevertheless, a silence underneath the rationality of the historical method, an unknown.
‘Op die limiete’: Karel Schoeman se Verkenning (1996)
Authors: Van Vuuren H.
Published: May 2013

‘At the limits’: Karel Schoeman’s Verkenning (1996)Written from the postcolonial vantage point of the new South Africa, Karel Schoeman's Verkenning (Reconnaissance) deals with the colonial era of the early nineteenth century. Through metafictional commentary the reader is alerted to the provisionality and tentativeness of historical fiction, as fiction and historical facts are constantly juxtaposed. At the same time the novel can be read as an attempt to fathom the ‘darkness’ of the bygone era, and to throw ‘light’ on the nature of intercultural relationships during the period of the Batavian Republic (1803-1806). Of central importance, however, is the way in which the consciousness of a new era is suggested through the subtle functioning of numerous intertexts. These intertexts deal with various forms of transitional consciousness, such as those associated with the French Revolution. A remarkable characteristic of the novel is its historiographic metafictionality, an innovative element in Schoeman’s oeuvre. Verkenning (Reconnaissance) is a polyphonic novel in which a collage of voices is foregrounded and presented in the process of ‘exploring’. From within the politically transformed multicultural South Africa of the late twentieth century, the creative imagination explores the roots of this society in the history of almost two centuries ago. In this respect Verkenning may be characterised as a postcolonial narrative construct and thus part of "oorgangsliteratuur" or “Wendeliteratur”, a term coined for the literature produced after the political change in 1989/1990 in Germany.
Monika Maron: Love and writing in a political climate
Authors: Van Luxemburg J.
Published: May 2013

This paper explores the relationship between the love story and official history in Animal triste by the German novelist Monika Maron. Despite suggestions that the love story could have happened at any time or place, a strong case can be made for a special interwovenness of the personal and the political in this Wende novel. Timelessness thus gives way to the intertwinement of a love story with a period in history, the Wende, the period of political change in Germany in 1989-1990. On the other hand, the love story's political dimensions contribute to another form of timelessness, a kind of religious belief in the eternity of love. Before discussing Animal triste, I trace the relationship between love and politics in Maron's earlier novels.
Images of America in unified Germany
Authors: Fröhlich S.
Published: May 2013

The following article analyses American cultural influence on Germany - especially in the period after unification. “Wendeliteratur" as well as new cultural relations and institutions are emphasised. The role of the mass media, which have conveyed the image of the American way of life, American products and services to East German is also discussed. For a better understanding of these images the author takes a closer look at what “Americanisation" really means to European cultures. All too often cultural observers state that Europe has been exposed to a pernicious Americanism. Such attitudes, however, should caution us against a too negative image of America. Although German-American relations during the post-war period had their ups and downs, West Germans on the whole developed a positive image of America, internalising American cultural elements as part of their own identification. The East Germans, on the other hand, it will be argued, while developing an enthusiasm for America at the time of reunification, turned more and more to a very critical, rather cynical view of American culture, thus letting euphoria fade to a very rational image.
Die vrou in T.T. Cloete se 'toepasslngs van dante'
Authors: Ward R.
Published: May 2013

Woman in T.T. Cloete’s 'toepasslngs van dante' In T.T. Cloete's fourth collection of poems, Idiolek (1986), several references are made to the poetry of Dante Alighieri. At the core of this collection are three poems under the heading "toepassings van dante". The first, "Silhoeët van Beatrice", is a description of the outline of Beatrice's naked body. The second poem, "mooi marilyn monroe foto in rooi", is based on a pin-up of Marilyn Monroe posing naked against a backdrop of red velvet. Although these two women are almost exact opposites - Beatrice possessing a divine beauty and an almost Christ-like nature, whereas Marilyn Monroe is portrayed as a dumb blonde and sex symbol of the fifties - the two poems are suspiciously similar in style and content. Both women are portrayed as being fundamentally perfect ("fundamenteel perfek"). In symbolizing the same virtues, they lose their unique and contrasting characteristics, and merge into a symbol of female perfection. Although the third poem, "columbae", does not have the Beatrice/Marilyn Monroe-figure as subject matter, it can be read as dealing with the issue of individuality and uniqueness, thus commenting on the previous two poems.
Funksionele meertaligheid in Suid-Afrika: 'n onbereikbare ideaal?
Authors: Verhoef M.
Published: May 2013

Functional multilingualism in South Africa: an unattainable ideal? Although much has been done on an official level to establish true multilingualism in South Africa, a tendency towards English monolingualism seems to exist in the country. The aim of this article is to describe the official stipulations in pursuit of multilingualism, as they appear in the Constitution (Act 108 of 1996), the School Act (Act 84 of 1996) and the final report of Langtag. In addition to the present demands, the article also responds to previous demands for multilingualism in the South African context, particularly as stated in the Bantu Education Act of 1953. It is argued that, because of the negative connotations associated with mother-tongue instruction in the past, contemporary mother-tongue instruction will also be contaminated. Apart from the theoretical investigation into multilingualism, the article reports on empirical research that has been done in this regard in the North West Province where the attitudes and perceptions of the school population towards the regional languages were measured. Although the subjects reacted positively to the official status granted to several South African languages, they expressed a preference for English as working language because of the access it gives to personal, economic and social development and empowerment. The article concludes with brief recommendations regarding language planning opportunities that derive from this situation.
Rhetorical engagement with racism: Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Authors: Kim B. E.
Published: May 2013

Racial relationships were an extremely controversial subject around the time of the Civil War in the USA. Harriet Beecher Stowe in Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Mark Twain in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn treat this provocative issue of race by entrusting important roles to the African-American characters. Uncle Tom and Jim. Predicting the reader's possible revolt against the blatant treatment of the issue, the two novelists use racist expressions in the convention of their contemporary audiences to construct a communication channel with their audiences. As a result, these novels have won enormous popularity. However, they have been criticized for racist tendencies Beneath the seemingly racist surface of their texts, Stowe and Twain present an innovative vision of unconditional human equality. Using various rhetorical strategies, these authors help their audiences realize the unfairness and false grounds of racism. The dialectic between the racist language and the anti-racist message of their texts creates a dynamic force spurring readers into a reconsideration of their attitude toward race.