bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of various keratometry data (ring and zone) in trifocal IOL calculation
Authors:   North-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnicov, Saint-Petersburg, Loginova A.D. , Shukhaev S.V. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Saint-Petersburg branch, Kudlakhmedov S.S. ,   North-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnicov, Saint-Petersburg, Boiko E.V. ,   North-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnicov, Saint-Petersburg,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Saint-Petersburg branch
Published: October 2021

Purpose. To compare the results of trifocal IOL calculation using various corneal tomographic data (ring and zone). Methods. This retrospective study involved 46 patients (46 eyes), underwent cataract surgery with trifocal IOL implantation (AcrySof IQ PanOptix). The calculation was performed using Tomey OA-2000 according to 2 formulas (Barrett II Universal, Olsen). Keratometry values included Km (the average of two main meridians of a cornea) provided by Pentacam HR Power Distribution Apex map, which describes total corneal refractive power (TCRP) with diameter of 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 mm on a ring and zone. Mean (MAE) and median (MedAE) predicted postoperative refraction errors were assessed after surgery. Results. Mean Km value on 3 mm zone and ring was: 42.75±1,46 D and 42,91±1,43 D, respectively (p<0,0001). Mean Km on 4 mm zone and ring was: 42.6±1.5 D and 43.3 ± 1.5 D, respectively (p <0.005). Mean Km value on 5 mm zone and ring was: 43,09±1,5 D and 43,55±1,48 D, respectively (p<0,0001). Calculations using the Barrett II Universal formula revealed significant difference between MAE and MedAE of the predicted postoperative refraction on 5mm zone and ring (p=0.045). When using the Olsen formula in the calculations, significant difference was revealed using the Km data with a diameter of 3 mm and 5 mm (p=0.001 и p=0.009, respectively). The calculation on 3 mm ring was more accurate than for 3 mm zone. With a 5 mm diameter, the calculation is more accurate according to the zone data. Conclusion. Mean Km value on Power Distribution Apex map according to ring is significantly greater then according to zone. 1) The calculation of the trifocal IOL based on the TCRP zone data is reliably more accurate than the ring data according to both formulas (Barrett II Universal and Olsen) with a diameter of 5 mm. 2) According to the Olsen formula with a diameter of 3 mm, the calculation of the optical power of trifocal IOL based on TCRP ring data is more accurate. Key words: IOL calculation, Trifocal IOL, corneal topography
The treatment method of persistent macula edema after phaco-vitrectomy
Authors:   «EyeDoctor» ophthalmologic clinic of MD Molokotin, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Molokotin E.M. , Malakhova Y.I. ,   «EyeDoctor» ophthalmologic clinic of MD Molokotin, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: October 2021

Purpose. To show the result of treatment of persistent macular edema as complication of chronic uveitis after phaco-vitrectomy. Material and methods. At this clinical case we show the results of treatment one patient, who was treated at the ophthalmological clinic «EYE Doctor», Almaty, Kazakhstan. He had complication of chronic uveitis as persistent macular edema after phaco-vitrectomy. The complex treatment (instillation of non-steroid anti-inflammation drops and subtenon injection of diprospan) was unsuccessful. Results. The result of treatment is successful; we get stable decrease of severity of cystoid macular edema and stabilization of visual acuity. Conclusion: This method allows to decrease the cystoid macular edema and to stable the visual acuity. It helps us to treat the patients, when other methods are unsuccessful and there is no financial possibility for treatment with intravitreal injection «Ozurdex». Key words: persistent macular edema, chronic uveitis, Diprospan, intravitreal injection.
Presbyopia correction methodology using «Monovision» method with combination implantation trifocal and monofocal IOL
Authors:   «EyeDoctor» ophthalmologic clinic of MD Molokotin, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Molokotin E.M. , Malakhova Y.I. ,   «EyeDoctor» ophthalmologic clinic of MD Molokotin, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: October 2021

Purpose. Improve the quality of vision after refractive lens exchange; reduce dependence on glasses; get rid of halo effects; reduce the financial burden on the patient. Material and methods. Patients were treated in the «EyeDoctor» ophthalmology clinic, Almaty, Kazakhstan. Monofocal IOLs were implanted in the dominant eye (for emmetropia) and trifocal IOLs were implanted in the non-dominant eye. Results. A month after the operation, patients filled out a questionnaire to find out how satisfied they were with the treatment Results. All of the patients answered that they didn't need to use glasses on the different distance, and there were few complaints for galo-effects. Conclusion. This method shows good refractive results, satisfaction with the results is high; there were a few complaints for galo-effects. This method allows you to reduce the financial burden for patients Key words: presbyopia, PRELEX method, Monovision method, refractive cataract surgery, galo-effects.
Assessment of visual functions and twilight vision in patients after implantation of various types of IOL
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Tambov branch, Nenasheva Y.V. , Pirogova E.S. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Tambov branch, Fabrikantov O.L. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Tambov branch
Published: October 2021

Purpose. To compare NCOSIS in the distance, at an average distance and near, twilight vision and sensitivity to blinding in patients after implantation of various IOL models. Materials and methods. Сataract phacoemulsification was performed in 60 patients, Hoya iSert 250 IOL was implanted in Group I, Lentis Comfort IOL was implanted in Group II, Acrysof IQ PanOptix IOL was implanted in Group III. In the postoperative period, twilight vision and sensitivity to bright light were evaluated. Results. The threshold value with a contrast level of 1: 23 and 1: 5 without illumination was achieved in patients of all the studied groups in 100% of cases; with a contrast of 1:2 in 90% of cases in patients of group I, in 80% of cases-in patients of group II and III; with a contrast of 1:2.7 in 60% of groups I and II, in 50% in patients of group III. The threshold value with a contrast level of 1:23 was achieved in patients of all the studied groups in 100% of cases, with a contrast of 1:5 in 100% of cases in patients of groups I and III, in patients of group II in 80% of cases; with a contrast of 1:2.7 with illumination in 80% of patients of group I and 60% of patients of groups II and III; with a contrast of 1:2 and illumination in 50% of patients of group I, 40% of group II and 20% of patients of group III of the study. Conclusion. Under mesopic conditions with high contrast indicators, all three types of IOLs show equally high results of visual quality. In light conditions, monofocal IOL allows you to get a higher quality of vision in low contrast conditions, at high and medium levels, IOL indicators do not differ statistically significantly, with a significantly larger range of vision in bifocal and multifocal IOLs. Key words: cataract phacoemulsification, intraocular lenses, twilight vision.
Compare of trifocal and extended depth of focus IOL with minimonovision
Authors:   Excimer Eye Centre, Moscow, Pershin K.B. ,   Ophthalmology faculty, Academy of postgraduate education of The Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Pashinova N.F. ,   Excimer Eye Centre, Moscow,   Ophthalmology faculty, Academy of postgraduate education of The Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Tsygankov A.I. ,   Excimer Eye Centre, Moscow, Antonov E.A. ,   Excimer Eye Centre, Moscow, Konovalova M.M. ,   Botkin city clinical hospital, Moscow
Published: October 2021

In recent years, a new class of extended depth of focus (EDOF) IOLs has been available on the market. There are limited papers available in the literature comparing trifocal and EDOF IOL data, and the results are often contradictory Purpose. Comparative analysis of the results of trifocal and EDOF IOL implantation in patients with presbyopia. Material and methods. The prospective study included 72 patients (144 eyes) after bilateral Tecnis Symfony EDOF IOL (18 patients, 36 eyes; Group I) or AcrySof PanOptix trifocal IOL (54 patients, 108 eyes; Group II) implantation. Minimonovision was used in 41 patients out of 72 (56.9%), i.e., IOL calculation on the non-driven eye was performed at -0.5 D. The average follow-up period for the patients was 7.1±1.2 months. Results. In all groups, there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in UCNVA, UCIVA, and UCDVA during the maximum follow-up period compared to the preoperative indices. Group II was characterized by slightly better UCNVA dynamics (0.85±0.13 versus 0.2±0.04 before surgery versus 0.78±0.11 versus 0.19±0.06 before surgery in group I), but differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Statistically significant differences (p=0.046) were obtained when comparing BCNVA in group I and II (0.79±0.05 and 0.98±0.08, respectively) at 6 months follow-up compared with the preoperative period (0.62±0.09 and 0.6±0.11, respectively). Conclusion. Trifocal IOL implantation was associated with acceptable near and far vision correction and a higher frequency of adverse optical phenomena, while extended depth of focus IOL implantation was associated with slightly better mid-distance vision correction and a significantly lower frequency of halo and glare. In all cases, patients were satisfied with the results of surgery. Key words: cataract phacoemulsification, presbyopia, multifocal IOLs, extended depth of focus IOLs, minimonovision.
Analys of multifocal and toric extended depth of focus intraocular lenses implantation
Authors:   «Eximer» eye center, Moscow, Pershin K.B. ,   Academy of postgraduate education of The Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Pashinova N.F. ,   «Eximer» eye center, Moscow,   Academy of postgraduate education of The Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Tsygankov А.I. ,   «Eximer» eye center, Moscow, Antonov E.A. ,   «Eximer» eye center, Moscow
Published: October 2021

Purpose. Analysis of the functional results of new IOL with an extended depth of focus implantation a in the short-term (6 months) follow-up period. Material and methods. The prospective study included 27 patients (40 eyes) after bilateral (n=12) or monolateral (n=15) implantation of EDOF IOL Tecnis Symfony with an average follow-up period of 6.5±0.2 (6-7) months. In all cases, IOL implantation was preceded by cataract phacoemulsification or removal of the transparent lens for refractive purposes. The age range was from 39 to 78 (60.6±10.1) years. EDOF IOL Tecnis Symfony ZXR00 was implanted in 30 eyes, and toric EDOF IOL Tecnis Symfony ZXT100, ZXT150, ZTX225, and ZXT300 were implanted in 10 eyes in the presence of clinically significant astigmatism. Results. An increase in UCNVA from 0.18±0.04 to 0.79±0.11, UCIVA from 0.21±0.07 to 0.89±0.10, UCDVA from 0.24±0.06 to 0.95±0.16, BCNVA from 0.61±0.05 to 0.80±0.03, BCIVA from 0.58±0.10 to 0.97±0.19, and BCDVA from 0.65±0.08 to 1.0±0.06 (p<0.05 in all cases). The spherical equivalent of refraction decreased from -4.5±1.8 in the preoperative period to -0.18±0.92 in the follow-up period of 6 months after implantation of the Tecnis Symfony ZXR00 IOL. In the group with toric IOLs, a decrease in the cylindrical component of refraction was shown from 1.33±1.02 (modulo) to 0.61±0.44 (modulo) during the maximum observation period. In all cases, the rotational stability of the implanted IOLs was noted. In 9 patients out of 24 (37.5%), permanent or periodic optical phenomena were detected, of which 4 patients (16.7%) had halos, 3 (12.5%) had glare, and 2 (8.3%) had difficulty driving in the dark. These side effects did not affect the overall patient satisfaction – 22 patients (91.7%) rated the result of the operation as "excellent", and 2 patients (8.3%) – as "good". Conclusion. The paper presents an analysis of the first experience in the Russian Federation of implantation of new multifocal and toric IOLs with extended depth of focus in 27 patients. Data on the effectiveness of this IOL for vision correction at all distances, low frequency of side optical phenomena, and high patient satisfaction are presented. Further comparative studies with other multifocal IOLs are needed. Key words: cataract; presbyopia; multifocal IOL; IOL with extended depth of focus; EDOF; Symphony.
About operational complications of high-tech phacoemulsification with IOL implantation
Authors:   «Ophthalmic clinic «Eye Surgery», Samara, Stebnev V.S. ,   Department of eye diseases, Institute of the Samara state medical University of Russia, Samara, Stebnev S.D. ,   «Ophthalmic clinic «Eye Surgery», Samara,   Department of eye diseases, Institute of the Samara state medical University of Russia, Samara, Malov I.V. ,   Department of eye diseases, Institute of the Samara state medical University of Russia, Samara, Zhuravlev A.V. ,   Department of eye diseases, Institute of the Samara state medical University of Russia, Samara, Skladchikova N.I. ,   «Ophthalmic clinic «Eye Surgery», Samara, Vashcenko T.Y. ,   «Ophthalmic clinic «Eye Surgery», Samara
Published: October 2021

Purpose. To analyze the nature, frequency and effectiveness of correction of surgical complications during high-tech phacoemulsification (PE) with IOL implantation. Material and methods. A prospective non-randomized study is devoted to the analysis of surgical complications in patients who underwent outpatient FE surgery with IOL implantation. The results of 3000 consecutive operations (3000 eyes) performed in 2019-2020 at the Eye Surgery clinic were studied. The calculation of the IOL was carried out on the diagnostic system "VERION" (Alcon). All operations were performed in the conditions of 3D visualization using the digital system "NGENUITY® 3D Visualization System" (Alcon). Alcon IOLs were implanted: monofocal, multifocal, toric. Results. During the surgical intervention, 33/3000 (1.1%) surgical complications occurred. The main surgical complication was the rupture of the posterior capsule of the lens-26 (0.86%) of the eyes, mainly without loss of the vitreous body-22 (0.73%). Conclusions. 1. The number of surgical complications during high-tech phacoemulsification with IOL implantation was 1.1%. 2. The main one among them was the rupture of the posterior capsule of the lens-0.86%, mainly without loss of the vitreous body-0.73%. 3. High-tech surgical support of operations and correction of the arisen operational complications allowed to successfully eliminate all complications in all cases. Key words: cataract, phacoemulsification, surgical complications, posterior capsule rupture.
Ozurdex in the lens is a rare complication of intravitreal injection (clinical case)
Authors:   «Eye Surgery», Samara, Stebnev V.S. ,   Department of eye diseases, Institute of the Samara state medical University of Russia, Samara, Stebnev S.D. ,   «Eye Surgery», Samara,   Department of eye diseases, Institute of the Samara state medical University of Russia, Samara, Skladchikova N.I. ,   «Eye Surgery», Samara, Vashchenko T.Y. ,   «Eye Surgery», Samara
Published: October 2021

A clinical case of unintentional implantation of the Ozurdex dexamethasone implant (Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) into the lens is presented. The patient was treated for a long time with intravitreal injections of Lucentis (5) and Ozurdex (4) in various clinics of the Russian Federation for recurrent macular edema associated with thrombosis of the n/temporal branch of the central retinal vein. After the last injection of Ozurdex, he noted a decrease in visual acuity. I applied to the Eye Surgery clinic after 5 months due to a significant decrease in visual acuity. After the examination, a cataract was diagnosed, an implant in the thickness of the lens. Phacoemulsification was successfully performed with the implantation of an intraocular lens into a capsule bag (UltraSert, Alcon). An attempt during the operation to preserve the Ozurdex implant and move it into the retrolental space failed, which was due to the long period of its stay in the eye and rapid hydrotation and destruction under the action of irrigation solution. High visual acuity was obtained. The optical coherence tomogram revealed complete relief of macular edema. Key words: Ozurdex®, intralenticular implantation Ozurdex®, complications of intravitreal injections, macular edema, iatrogenic cataract.
Passive Sociopathy
Authors: Ilievski Naum , Ilievska Angelina
Published: October 2021

In the domain of complex relational phenomena and social behaviors, passive sociopathy (N. Ilievski) is described as a form of inadequate behavior with a negative impact not only in the immediate, but also in the wider social context as a global psycho-social phenomenon. This dysfunctional pattern is an indicator of psycho-social distortion with unproductive to extremely passive and risky behavior. Analysis and description of this phenomenon through the three psychological components: emotional, cognitive, and behavioral, in correlation with exogenous factors and influences, from the aspect of Christian psychotherapy and the model of Transactional analysis. The practice of Christian psychotherapy sets prayer as a central point of the FCP method in cultivating empathy as a dimension of emotional intelligence through which an emotionally healthy base is built in the person with adequate prosocial behaviors. Contemporary man, faced with the challenges of modern trends – in which the mass media of hyper information plays an important role – is flooded with negative information that changes the threshold of his perception and sensitivity to the level of discount, emotional dullness, to extreme insensitivity as the main characteristic of passive sociopathy.
The Rebound Effect – A Systematic Review of the Current State of Affairs
Authors: Biewendt Marcel , Blaschke Florian , Böhnert Arno
Published: October 2021

This publication is intended to present the current state of research on the rebound effect. First, a systematic literature review is carried out to outline (current) scientific models and theories. Research Question 1 follows with a mathematical introduction of the rebound effect, which shows the interdependence of consumer behaviour, technological progress, and interwoven effects for both. Thereupon, the research field is analysed for gaps and limitations by a systematic literature review. To ensure quantitative and qualitative results, a review protocol is used that integrates two different stages and covers all relevant publications released between 2000 and 2019. Accordingly, 392 publications were identified that deal with the rebound effect. These papers were reviewed to obtain relevant information on the two research questions. The literature review shows that research on the rebound effect is not yet comprehensive and focuses mainly on the effect itself rather than solutions to avoid it. Research Question 2 finds that the main gap, and thus the limitations, is that not much research has been published on the actual avoidance of the rebound effect yet. This is a major limitation for practical application by decision-makers and politicians. Therefore, a theoretical analysis was carried out to identify potential theories and ideas to avoid the rebound effect. The most obvious idea to solve this problem is the theory of a Steady-State Economy (SSE), which has been described and reviewed.
Albanian Legislation on Restitution of Property Confiscated During the Communist Regime: Its Structural Inconsistencies and a Negative Social Perspective for Achieving an Effective Domestic Remedy
Authors: Olldashi Enkeleda , Hoxha Roden
Published: October 2021

Following more than two decades of failures to implement an efficient system for the recognition, restitution and compensation of property to owners expropriated by the communist regime, in 2015, the Albanian Parliament passed law no. 133/2015 “On the Treatment of Property”, which aims to build an efficient mechanism to complete the already delayed process, within a reasonable timeframe. Now, more than three years since its enactment, the law and the enforcing authorities have failed to uphold a number of crucial deadlines and tasks, rendering many facets of the process essentially unfeasible and jeopardizing the possibility of a positive evaluation of the new mechanism by the ECtHR. This paper will examine the objectives set out in the law, the procedures foreseen for the successful completion of the property compensation process and the numerous problems experienced so far in the process, among which the deficient financial funds for the compensation procedure, the excessive delays in the examination of applications on the merits, as well as the ineffectiveness of the administrative procedures envisaged in the law. The analysis will show that, despite the new implemented remedies differ greatly from the provisions of previous laws and the expected positive results, these structural failures have inevitably undermined the social and economic interests of former owners, and failed to meet the Convention standards set out in the numerous ECtHR judgments against Albania.
Introduction of a Strategic Board Game that is Aimed at Educating Children About Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations
Authors: Ozenc Sirin Guney
Published: October 2021

The paper I want to share at this Education Conference is not the result of a research, but it is a product of a 26-year long education career. With all my observations during these 26 years, I found that especially high school students' global awareness is low and developing a better awareness has become the forefront of my education phylosophy, so I create a syllabus and developed a strategic board game. I am a generation X teacher who tries to raise the generation Z kids and construct an education system for the Generation Alpha. On the other hand,Y-generation, my young colleagues that I am working with are also very different from me, but still ,we are sharing the same planet that needs our immediate care and awareness. The main goal of this syllabus is teaching the UN Sustainable Development Goals, so that they can internalize the goals to take actions. This paper contains the basic chapter explanations of the curriculum and the rulee of the strategic board game ECOTOPIA. In short , this curriculum and strategic board game is the product my educational experience and I would like to get support/opinion from my colleagues by presenting them in this conference. The philosophy of the curriculum is rising Global Awareness meanwhile understanding the sustainable development goals (SDG). On the other hand, the game Ecotopia is just covering some development goals. The game focused on renewable energy sources and pollution. When a student starts playing the game he/she has learned the renewable energy sources, pollution sources and etc but by the end of the game he/she would have a solid idea about how other countries affect your nature, how do states make decisions to change their investments nature friendly like electric cars, how unexpeced disasters like earthquake effec the country,how global warming is increasing aoutomatically and as World citizenship you nedd to take some actions to reduce it. Participants in the game need to develop various strategies regarding ecological conditions, sustainable energy sources, as well as attitudes towards air, water, and soil pollution. The goal of every player is to create a healthy and sustainable state.
The Agro Exports of Organic Native Products and Environmental Security in Peru
Authors: Coayla Edelina , Bedón Ysabel
Published: October 2021

The study objective is to analyze agro-exports of organic products and environmental security (certification) in Peru. Agro-exports are the second generator of foreign currency for Peru. The descriptive, comparative-graphical method and the polynomial curve are used. In 2019 traditional agro-exports and non-traditional agro-exports contributed 11% and 89% of total agro-exports respectively, the main markets were the United States (35%) and the Netherlands (15%). Peru is the world's leading exporter of native functional products (called superfoods) quinoa and maca. Quinoa is the most demanded native agro-export product internationally. It was found that during the period 2000-2019 the main Peruvian agro-exports of non-traditional products with a vertiginous growth are fruits and vegetables. For the year 2019, fruit agro-exports in terms of FOB value in millions of US - contribute 56% to the total of non-traditional agro-exports. The increase in fresh grapes, fresh blueberries and fresh avocados is remarkable. Environmental security in terms of the area for organic production affects 51% of agro-exports. Peru promotes organic production from the producer to the final consumer and the certification of organic products in the production, transformation and marketing processes.
Why is the Coverage of Pneumonia Case Detection on Children under Five Years-Old Still Considered as Low in Sleman?
Authors: Sebba Ade Kartikasari , Rahayujati Baning , Dharmawidjaja Isa
Published: October 2021

Pneumonia is one of the deadliest diseases for children under five years-old throughout the world. In Indonesia, pneumonia is the second deadliest disease after diarrhea. In 2015-2016, the Coverage of pneumonia case detection on children under five years-old increased from 22.33 percent to 36.06 percent but it had not achieved the detection target (-85 percent). A program evaluation needs to conduct, consequently. The evaluation aims to observe the implementation of pneumonia investigation program on children under five years-old in Sleman in 2016. The evaluation used a descriptive design performed in June-July 2017. The research subject was the program of Upper Respiratory Infection (ISPA, Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut) implemented in community health centers (puskesmas, pusat kesehatan masyarakat). Twenty respondents as the sample were chosen by using the purposive sampling technique. The surveillance evaluation employed the input, activities, and output. The instruments were structural questionnaires and checklist sheets. The analysis result was presented in forms of tabulation and narration. From the input facet, 100 percent respondents have not had any special trainings related to pneumonia. 55 percent respondents have interlocking jobs with the longest service time of three years or more (75 percent). 70 percent respondents are able to show ARI Soundtimer. There are only 10 percent respondents holding the media of communication, information, and education (KIE, Komunikasi, Informasi, dan Edukasi) in forms of flipchart and leaflet; while 100 percent respondents admit that they have no stamp seal of URI. The proses facet displays that 100 percent respondents do not arrange any plan. The case investigation is only passive (100 percent). 80 percent respondents do socialization of case management and only 15 percent respondents perform a home visit. 100 percent respondents have not held trainings for responsible people, alert villages, and private midwives. From the output facet, the scope of case investigation is still low (36.06 percent).The implementation of pneumonia case investigation program on children under five years-old has been well executed but there are still weaknesses. Hence, public health offices (dinas kesehatan) should improve their human resources by arran ging a training program, equalize the use of breath counting tool and make MoU with all health services to report pneumonia cases. Community health centers are recommended to arrange plans, actively attempt to discover pneumonia cases, and train the responsible people, centers for pre-and postnatal health care (posyandu, pos pelayanan terpadu), or midwives related to the subject of pneumonia.
Plyometric Performance Assessment of Basketball - Volleyball Female Players
Authors: Lleshi Enkeleida
Published: October 2021

Improving the ability to jump is a major training goal for many sports, and drop jump is the well-known training method used to achieve this improvement. The players in team games should be thrown higher than his or her opponent, and this jump should be executed faster than the opponent's jump. Volleyball - Basketball from the specificity of their training, there are differences in the physical qualities of individual and team sports performance, where one of the elements is vertical jumping in training the plyometric. This study is concentrated on two teams: Women’s Volleyball Team (V) and Women’s Basketball Team (B) 15 members each, focusing on 30 subjects. Players were measured in physical parameters; Age (V-24: B-27), Body Height (V-180.4cm; B-173.4cm), Body Weight (V-70.37kg; B-63.88kg), BMI (V-21.67 percent; B-20.93 percent). The players performed the test DJ 40cm and DJ60cm in the platform Leonardo® Ground Force Reaction Plate (GRFP) which expresses Force max (kN), Power max (w/kg), Time Contact (TCs), Air Time (TAs), TA/TCs. Results obtained by GRFP showed different team values of the two sports in the parameters of test from DJ40 cm and DJ 60cm. The TA/TC show V1.89-B1.85 in DJ40 test and TA/TC in DJ60 V1.96-B1.71. The results showed statistically significant improvement with respect to F max (kN), F max (kg N) and power (kg W) at the level of p = 0.05. Conclusion; The methodology used helps us to compare high and poor performances, which help trainers to program a more detailed plyometric training for the development of athletes' jumping ability. Through the Drop Jump test it can be achieved to be evaluated not only by the height of the development of vertical jump but also by the phase of stay in the air. Through value comparisons, between tests and sports, trainers can develop programmed plyometric.
Language and Nature in Southern and Eastern Arabia
Authors: Al-Ghanim Kaltham , Watson Janet C E
Published: October 2021

This paper examines the relationship between language and nature in southern and eastern Arabia. The work is the result of a two-year interdisciplinary network between the University of Leeds and Qatar University, with partners in the UK, Oman, Canada, the United States, and Russia. Our hypothesis is that local languages and ecosystems enjoy a symbiotic relationship, and that the demise of local ecosystems will adversely affect local languages. In this paper, we examine some of the language–nature effects in Qatar and Dhofar, southern Oman. Our regions differ in that Qatar has two seasons, summer and winter, and is predominantly arid, with occasional rain, while Dhofar together with al-Mahrah in eastern Yemen has four distinct seasons, receiving the monsoon rains between June and September, and, as a result, is home to hundreds of plants and animals found nowhere else in the world. Since the 1970s, in particular, both regions have experienced some of the most rapid socio-economic changes in the world. We ask what affect this socio-economic change has had on the language–nature relationship, and suggest that decoupling of the human–nature relationship as a result of socio-economic change is contributing in these regions to language attrition. We consider spatial terminology, traditional terminology for weather, the traditional measurement of time by narratives around key climatic events, and the role of stars in determining the weather and their role in folklore.
The Factors that Influence in Human Resources Management at the Clinical Hospital in Tetovo
Authors: Fetai Valdrina , Fetai Naxhije
Published: October 2021

Human Resource Management within healthcare institutions is an important part of their organization and as such, it is quite complicated, complex and dynamic. The interest in managing with human resources is crucial all around the world, since the success of daily activities as well as the welfare of the functioning of healthcare centers largely depend on the mode of human resource management within those institutions.
The aim of this paper is to analyze the factors that influence in successfulness and efficiency of human resource management at the Clinical Hospital in Tetovo which in turn directly influences the improvement of the quality of medical services provided by the medical staff and to analyze the organizational structure at this public healthcare institution. During the first quarter of 2018 interviews with employees in some of the wards of this hospital were done related to their daily activities, services they provide, problems and challenges they face. Also, the level of satisfaction from the assessment of their work by the institution has been measured. Some of the major problems that were emphasized in all of the groups of interviewees had to deal with low salaries and the lack of additional compensations that can significantly motivate them in the more successful realization of their daily duties and activities. The stimulation and motivation of the medical staff for professional development and continuous education through various different professional development workshops, seminars, conferences, symposiums, etc. has a great impact on the overall performance of the employees. The adequate equipment of wards with the most modern items and devices is more than crucial for a smooth realization of daily activities and it also has a direct impact on the achieved results. Successes and achievements in the field of medicine are closely related to the scientific advancements in general. Healthcare institutions at all levels should treat their personnel better by providing them more reasonable salaries and rewards for their good performance as well as additional financial support for their further professional development. Competent bodies within the Ministry of Healthcare should actively monitor the quality of provided healthcare services by the medical personnel, encourage, and invest in their efficient distribution and dissemination.
Importance of Health Promotion and Education to Young People in Educational Institutions (Schools)
Authors: Nallbani Genta
Published: October 2021

It is important that in educational institutions to develop trainings and classes with a focus on health education and the acquisition of necessary knowledge.This study aims to give a specific approach regarding the importance of health education promotion in educational institutions with a focus on educational and health-educational activities in particular based on health and which aims to increase the level of health education to learn and implement healthy behaviours.In this study were included 130 students in elementary and secondary schools aged 14-18,of whom (n=81) females and (n=49) males.The questionnaire was based on the knowledge of these students about health promotion and education as well as organizational activities related to health education by progressing in terms of the level of knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to health.In the results of this survey was observed that a small number of them 21% had information on the promotion and development of various activities related to health. With a total of 56% women and 44% men responding that some form of activities or programs to promote public health such as posters or tasks related to certain topics have started to be developed by teachers.The lack of these activities and promotional programs requires that in the future to increase support in this direction enabling to plan in detail the development of educational and health promotional activities where the information is scientifically based and the way of communication and information is as clear and accurate as possible to have more acceptability,liking and the highest reliability.Key words: Health education, promotion, young people, educational institutions1.
A Mind Genomics Cartography of Shopping Behavior for Food Products During the Covid -19 Pandemic
Authors: Harizi Ariola , Trebicka Brunela , Tartaraj Azeta
Published: October 2021

The study presents a new approach to understand the mind of the persons in order to drive desired action in crisis situation, specifically the COVID-19 pandemic. Understand the mind of the shopper in a pandemic situation, with massive uncertainty, should provide direction for governments and the retail trade to adopt practices and communications which will reassure their customers. This study investigates the nature of what people will do to reassure themselves in the pandemic, and has been executed during the period of the pandemic, making the study relevant to the actual events taking place. The focus of the study is on the likelihood of buying ordinary food, given certain descriptions. The study revealed three mind-sets, clusters of individuals who respond to the pandemic in one of three ways. These are: Mind-Set 1: Focus on sanitation - supply; Mind-Set 2: Focus on budget for lifestyle; Mind-Set 3: Focus on shopping, personal needs, consumption. These mind-sets are distributed through the population, and are not limited to specific age or gender. The paper closes with the PVI, personal viewpoint identifier, to assign a new person to one of the three mind-sets.
Work Values and Career Aspirations of Women Employees in Government Hospitals in Pangasinan
Authors: Santos Merlita Q.  Ed. , Gelido Reynaldo T  Gelido
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to determine and analyze the extent of practice of work values and level of career aspirations of women-employees in selected government hospitals in the fifth and sixth congressional districts of Pangasinan, Philippines. The study made use of quantitative and qualitative data and descriptive correlation that looked into the relationship between the extent of practice of work values, level of aspirations and profile characteristics. Sixty nine regular women-employees with different positions were purposively selected. Data were gathered through questionnaire and analyzed using frequency counts and percentage, average weighted mean, Wilk’s A and Pearson r. It was found in the study that women-employees a) have ages within the legal age range of government employees; attended trainings/seminars relative to their work; and have monthly income commensurate to their positions; b) always practiced the work values of punctuality, honesty, respect, cooperation and industriousness; and have high level of career aspiration; c) extent of practice of work values and level of career aspiration were comparable across age, civil status, highest educational attainment, position and monthly income’ d) encountered problems with varying degrees of seriousness in the practice of work values in their respective work places; e) that significant positive correlation existed between the women-employees’ extent of practice of work values and level of career aspiration. Generally, the work values of punctuality, honesty, respect, cooperation and industry practiced by women-employees in the performance of their job have contributed to their high level of career aspiration in their present and future career status.
Binding International Norms, Jus Cogens
Authors: Ramaj Erjona
Published: October 2021

Article 53 of the Vienna Convention of 1969 states that a treaty is considered invalid if it is in conflict with existing norms of jus cogens, and under Article 64 of the treaty becomes invalid if it conflicts with a norm youngest of the same nature. The case Nicaragua against the United States made clear that the notion of jus cogens is steadily entrenched in international law, however, is still necessary to determine accurately that power rates referred to in Articles 53 and 64 of the Vienna Convention. Jus cogens norms include more those norms relating to morality or natural law than with traditional positivist rates derived from State practice. In general, this includes making aggressive war, crimes against humanity, war crimes, sea piracy, genocide, apartheid, slavery, and torture.Jus cogens norms are norms of customary international law which are so important, it can not be changed through treaties. Under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, any treaty that is contrary to jus cogens norms is invalid. Jus cogens norms are not listed, there is no catalog , their determined by any authoritative body, but these rates come from judicial practices and political and social attitudes, which are not values static. Jus cogens norm of unconditional right international, accepted and recognized by the international community norm from which no deviation is permitted. Unlike the common law, which traditionally requires the consent and It lets change obligations between states through treaties, norms jus cogens can not be violated by any state "through treaties international or local regulations or special customary, or even through general rules of customary not have the same normative force.
Circumstances Related to the Reporting of Bad News in the Medical Profession
Authors: Stankova Margarita , Mihova Polina
Published: October 2021

In the medical profession, communicating bad news about a malignant formation is often associated with experience, obstacles, and problems faced by the medical professionals and related to the communication with the patient. Our survey included 232 medical specialists - doctors and nurses with diverse internship in the profession and working in Bulgarian healthcare facilities. It aimed to find: (i) the most common difficulty in communicating the bad news to cancer patients, (ii) the most difficult aspects of that information, and (iii) the specific words the medical professionals prefer to avoid when communicating the bad news. Also, the medical specialists were asked about the factors with the largest interference with the disclosure of the bad news to the patients. The survey results show that only 66 percent of the medical professionals are ready to respond directly and definitively to the question from the patient if he/she has cancer. Almost all of the surveyed medical specialists believed that the most difficult part of communicating the bad news was related to the prognosis of the disease and the survival expectancy; many of the medical professionals preferred to avoid the word "cancer", and the fatality of the disease was the most common barrier in communicating bad news, followed by the relatives’ negative position towards bringing up the bad news to the patient, and the low level of patient’s education and the short life expectancy. The study shows the need for support and training of the medical professionals in addressing bad news situations and the importance of the protocols with guidelines and steps to be performed during that communication.
European Integration, Economy and Corruption in the Western Balkans
Authors: Malaj Emi
Published: October 2021

The European Union countries and institutions have constantly contributed to the European integration process of the Western Balkan countries. Albania, Serbia, Montenegro and the Republic of North Macedonia are official candidates for EU membership. Chapters and accession negotiations have been opened with Montenegro and Serbia, whereas Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina are potential candidate countries. Poverty, unemployment and corruption are probably the most common problems that Western Balkan citizens face. Corruption, in itself, does not lead to poverty, but it stimulate poverty through indirect channels by affecting economic, social, political and administrative conditions. Both, the enhancement of business climate for private investors, and a higher level of integration with the European Union will decrease unemployment and will boost economic growth. Authorities should follow concrete policies in order to encourage private sector investment, increase regional integration, and create new jobs. The future of the Western Balkans is in the European Union.
Educational Justice Praxis and Cultural Competence
Authors: Kayaalp Dilek
Published: October 2021

In this study I investigate how culture, cultural norms, and teachers’ habitus (habits to dispositions) affect the implementation of educational justice praxis (theory and practice) as a response to alleviate the structural inequities faced by ethnic/racial minority students. This study also suggests culturally appropriate educational tools that pre-service teachers can use in their cross-cultural classrooms. Using qualitative methods, I conducted interviews with 12 teachers and teacher educators who work in public schools, nonprofit organizations, and universities in Florida, United States. My findings expose how dominant cultural norms (whiteness), teachers’ habitus (white fragility), and structural problems (racism) help to marginalize ethno-racial minority students and suppress their educational rights. The findings suggest that combating racism, questioning dominant norms/values, and accepting distinct cultural identities should be the components of educational justice praxis.
Business Model Innovation and Micro and Small Enterprises’ Performance in Nigeria: Does Entrepreneurial Orientation Mediate?
Authors: Faloye Olaleye Dotun , Idowu Owoeye
Published: October 2021

The critical role of business model innovation (BMI) in a firm's performance has earned increasing attention from scholars and management practitioners in recent years. However, empirical research on how BMI linked business performance is quite skimpy. This study examines the effect of BMI on micro and small enterprises (MSEs) and how entrepreneurship orientation (EO) mediates the relationship. A survey research design is used in this study. Data were obtained from 142 MSEs operating in Ondo State, Nigeria, purposively selected for this study. The results revealed that BMI (β = 0.630; ρ -0.01) had a positive and significant influence on the MSEs' performance. More so, this study found that EO (β = 0.716; ρ -0.01) is positively related to a firm's performance. This study finding revealed a positive and significant link between EO and BMI (β = 0.838; ρ = 0.000). Also, this study showed that EO mediates the relationship between BMI and a firm's performance (EO: β= 0.5740; BMI: β = 0.1281; ρ -0.05). Statistically, the study's findings also exhibited that out of the six constructs used to capture BMI, only two constructs, namely, market opportunities (β=0.193; ρ -0.01) and increment in revenue generation ((β=0.230; ρ -0.01), had positive and significant links with the firm's performance. This study concluded that MSEs in developing economies, especially in sub-Saharan African countries, should integrate BMI and EO activities into their operations to overcome the macerate performance that characterized the Covid 19 pandemic period.
Main Institutions Dealing with Property Right Protection and Crucial Issues Related to Them
Authors: Selimi Tanusha
Published: October 2021

This writing analyzes the Institutions that enable procedurally and functionally the property right protection and its effectiveness. All the institutions in this writing have been analyzed according to the laws of the relevant time. Part of this writing is dedicated to the effectiveness and protection of property titles.
Carotid Atherosclerosis and Lacunar Stroke a Possible Association
Authors: Ionescu Ana Maria , Carciumaru Nicolae , Sergiu Chirila
Published: October 2021

Stroke remain the third cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Our modern time enemy, atherosclerosis, with his many faces, is strongly related with stroke and its major subtypes. Ischemic stroke account up to 80 percent of all stroke. As a subtype of ischemic stroke, lacunar infarcts remain an important concern. Aim of this study is to correlate carotid disease findings with lacunar stroke. We studied a group of 129 patients with carotid disease, and we established a possible relationship with lacunar stroke. Ultrasonography findings were correlated with the presence of lacunar stroke, confirmed by CT scan. Our study demonstrate that carotid plaques number could be a good predictor for lacunar stroke risk. External carotid plaques number is strongly correlate with lacunar stroke presence.