bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Task-specific vision models explain task-specific areas of visual cortex
Authors: Dwivedi Kshitij , Roig Gemma
Published: August 2018

Computational models such as deep neural networks (DNN) trained for classification are often used to explain responses of the visual cortex. However, not all the areas of the visual cortex are involved in object/scene classification. For instance, scene selective occipital place area (OPA) plays a role in mapping navigational affordances. Therefore, for explaining responses of such task-specific brain area, we investigate if a model that performs a related task can serve as a better computational model than a model that performs an unrelated task. We found that DNN trained on a task (scene-parsing) related to the function (navigational affordances) of a brain region (OPA) explains its responses better than a DNN trained on a task (scene-classification) which is not explicitly related. In a subsequent analysis, we found that the DNNs that showed high correlation with a particular brain region were trained on a task that was consistent with functions of that brain region reported in previous neuroimaging studies. Our results demonstrate that the task is paramount for selecting a computational model of a brain area. Further, explaining the responses of a brain area by a diverse set of tasks has the potential to shed some light on its functions.

Author summary

Areas in the human visual cortex are specialized for specific behaviors either due to supervision and interaction with the world or due to evolution. A standard way to gain insight into the function of these brain region is to design experiments related to a particular behavior, and localize the regions showing significant relative activity corresponding to that behavior. In this work, we investigate if we can figure out the function of a brain area in visual cortex using computational vision models. From our results, we find that explaining responses of a brain region using DNNs trained on a diverse set of possible vision tasks can help us gain insights into its function. The consistency of our results using DNNs with the previous neuroimaging studies suggest that the brain region may be specialized for behavior similar to the tasks for which DNNs showed a high correlation with its responses.
MiR-505-3p is a Repressor of the Puberty Onset in Female Mice miR-505-3p and the puberty onset
Authors: Zhou Yuxun , Tong Li , Wang Maochun , Chang Xueying , Wang Sijia , Li Kai , Xiao Junhua
Published: August 2018

Puberty onset is a complex trait regulated by multiple genetic and environmental factors. In this study, we narrowed a puberty related QTL down to a 1.7 Mb region on chromosome X in female mice and inferred miR-505-3p as the functional gene.

We conducted ectopic expression of miR-505-3p in the hypothalamus of prepubertal female mice through lentivirus-mediated orthotopic injection. The impact of miR-505-3p on female puberty was evaluated by the measurement of pubertal events and histological analysis. The results showed that female mice with overexpression of miR-505-3p in the hypothalamus manifested later puberty onset timing both in vaginal opening and ovary maturation, followed by weaker fertility lying in the longer interval time between mating and delivery, higher abortion rate and smaller litter size. We also constructed miR-505-3p knockout mice by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. MiR-505-3p knockout female mice showed earlier vaginal opening timing, higher serum gonadotrophin and higher expression of puberty-related gene, as well as its target gene Srsf1 in the hypothalamus than their wild type littermates.

Srsf1 was proved to be the target gene of miR-505-3p that played the major role in this process. The results of RIP-seq (RNA Immunoprecipitation-sequencing) showed that SF2, the protein product of Srsf1 gene, mainly bound to ribosome protein (RP) mRNAs in GT1-7 cells. The collective evidence implied that miR-505-3p/SRSF1/RP could play a role in the sexual maturation regulation of mammals.

Author summary

The puberty onset in mammals is a vital biological process that signals the acquisition of reproductive capacity. The initiation of puberty is triggered by the activation of hypothalamic pulsatile GnRH surge. The dysregulation of pubertal development shows relevance to later health risks of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer and other health disorders. Recent progress indicates that a lot of genes play a role in the excitatory or inhibitory regulation of GnRH release. However, the detailed pathway of pubertal timing remains unclear. Our previous studies isolated an X-linked QTL that was associated with the timing of puberty in mice. In this study, we proved that miR-505-3p was a female puberty onset regulator based on data from positional cloning, ectopic expression and knockout mouse models. We also assigned Srsf1 as the functional target gene of miR-505-3p underlying this process. The results of RIP-seq showed that SF2, the protein of Srsf1 gene, preferential bound to ribosome protein (RP) mRNAs in GT1-7 cells. We propose that miR-505-3p/SF2/RP could play a role in the sexual maturation regulation of mammals.
Identification of Small Molecule Modulators of Diguanylate Cyclase by FRET-based High-Throughput-Screening
Authors: Christen Matthias , Kamischke Cassandra , Kulasekara Hemantha D. , Olivas Kathleen C. , Kulasekara Bridget R. , Christen Beat , Kline Toni , Miller Samuel I.
Published: August 2018

The bacterial second messenger cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a key regulator of cellular motility, the cell cycle, and biofilm formation with its resultant antibiotic tolerance, which may make chronic infections difficult to treat. Therefore, diguanylate cyclases, which regulate the spatiotemporal production of c-di-GMP, may be attractive drug targets to control biofilm formation that is part of chronic infections. In this paper, we present a FRET-based biochemical high-throughput screening approach coupled with detailed structure-activity studies to identify synthetic small molecule modulators of the diguanylate cyclase, DgcA, from Caulobacter crescentus. We identified a set of 7 small molecules that in the low µM range regulate DgcA enzymatic activity. Subsequent structure activity studies on selected scaffolds revealed a remarkable diversity of modulatory behaviors, including slight chemical substitutions that revert the effects from allosteric enzyme inhibition to activation. The compounds identified represent novel chemotypes and are potentially developable into chemical genetic tools for the dissection of c-di-GMP signaling networks and alteration of c-di-GMP associated phenotypes. In sum, our studies underline the importance for detailed mechanism of action studies for inhibitors of c-di-GMP signaling and demonstrate the complex interplay between synthetic small molecules and the regulatory mechanisms that control the activity of diguanylate cyclases.
Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals the existence of naive and primed pluripotency in pre-implantation rhesus monkey embryos
Authors: Liu Denghui , Wang Xinyi , He Dajian , Sun Chunli , He Xiechao , Yan Lanzhen , Li Yizhou , Han Jing-Dong J. , Zheng Ping
Published: August 2018

Naive pluripotency exists in epiblast cells of mouse pre-implantation embryos. However, whether the naive pluripotency is transient or nonexistent in primate embryos remains unclear. Using RNA-seq in single blastomeres from 16-cell embryos through to hatched blastocysts of rhesus monkey, we constructed the lineage segregation roadmap in which the specification of trophectoderm, epiblast, and primitive endoderm is initiated simultaneously at the early blastocyst stage. Importantly, we uncovered the existence of distinct pluripotent states in monkey pre-implantation embryos. At the early- and middle-blastocyst stages, the epiblast cells have the transcriptome features of naive pluripotency, whereas they display a continuum of primed pluripotency characteristics at the late and hatched blastocyst stages. Moreover, we identified potential regulators that might play roles in the transition from naive to primed pluripotency. Thus, our study suggests the transient existence of naive pluripotency in primates and proposes an ideal time window for derivation of primate embryonic stem cells with naive pluripotency.
A new synchrotron rapid-scanning X-ray fluorescence (SRS-XRF) imaging station at SSRL beamline 6-2
Authors: Edwards Nicholas P. , Webb Samuel M. , Krest Courtney M. , van Campen Douglas , Manning Phillip L. , Wogelius Roy A. , Bergmann Uwe
Published: August 2018

This paper describes a new large-range rapid-scan X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging station at beamline 6-2 at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. This station uses a continuous rapid-scan system with a scan range of 1000 × 600 mm and a load capacity of up to 25 kg, capable of 25–100 µm resolution elemental XRF mapping and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of a wide range of objects. XRF is measured using a four-element Hitachi Vortex ME4 silicon drift detector coupled to a Quantum Detectors Xspress3 multi-channel analyzer system. A custom system allows the X-ray spot size to be changed quickly and easilyviapinholes ranging from 25 to 100 µm, and the use of a poly-capillary or axially symmetric achromatic optic may achieve a <10 µm resolution in the future. The instrument is located at wiggler beamline 6-2 which has an energy range of 2.1–17 keV, creatingKemission for elements up to strontium, andLorMemission for all other elements. XAS can also be performed at selected sample positions within the same experiment, allowing for a more detailed chemical characterization of the elements of interest. Furthermore, sparse excitation energy XRF imaging can be performed over a wide range of incident X-ray energies. User friendliness has been emphasized in all stages of the experiment, including versatile sample mounts, He purged chambers for low-Zanalyses, and intuitive visualization hardware and software. The station provides analysis capabilities for a wide range of materials and research fields including biological, chemical, environmental and materials science, paleontology, geology and cultural heritage.
The puzzling structure of Cu5FeS4 (bornite) at low temperature
Authors: Martinelli Alberto , Lepore Giovanni Orazio , Bernardini Fabio , Giaccherini Andrea , Di Benedetto Francesco
Published: August 2018

The crystal structure of Cu5FeS4 (bornite) has been investigated using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction at temperatures between 10 and 275 K. Diffraction data confirm that bornite crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca at 275 K. The unit-cell volume decreases continuously on cooling, but undergoes an abrupt contraction below ∼65 K, where a first-order Pbca→Pca21 structural transition takes place. The primary active mode yielding the observed ordered structure corresponds to the irreducible representation Γ2
−, with wavevector (0,0,0). Pair distribution function analysis shows strong discrepancies between the local and the average structure. The average Fe—S bond length obtained through the EXAFS local probe is consistent with the values independently provided by X-ray powder diffraction data, strongly supporting the preferred location of Fe.
Azulene revisited: solid-state structure, invariom modeling and lattice-energy minimization of a classical example of disorder
Authors: Dittrich B. , Fabbiani F. P. A. , Henn J. , Schmidt M. U. , Macchi P. , Meindl K. , Spackman M. A.
Published: August 2018

The molecular and solid-state structure of azulene both raise fundamental questions. Therefore, the disordered crystal structure of azulene was re-refined with invariom non-spherical atomic scattering factors from new single-crystal X-ray diffraction data with a resolution ofd= 0.45 Å. An unconstrained refinement results in a molecular geometry withCssymmetry. Refinements constrained to fulfillC2vsymmetry, as observed in the gas phase and in high-levelab initiocalculations, lead to similar figures of merit and residual densities as unconstrained ones. Such models are consistent with the structures from microwave spectroscopy and electron diffraction, albeit they are not the same. It is shown that for the disorder present in azulene, the invariom model describes valence electron density as successfully as it does for non-disordered structures, although the disorder still leads to high correlations mainly between positional parameters. Lattice-energy minimizations on a variety of ordered model structures using dispersion-corrected DFT calculations reveal that the local deviations from the average structure are small. Despite the molecular dipole moment there is no significant molecular ordering in any spatial direction. A superposition of all ordered model structures leads to a calculated average structure, which explains not only the experimental determined atomic coordinates, but also the apparently unusual experimental anisotropic displacement parameters.
Triethylphosphine as a molecular gear — phase transitions in ferrocenyl–acetylide–gold(I)
Authors: Makal Anna
Published: August 2018

A sequence of two discontinuous phase transitions, occurring just above 125 K and 148 K, has been observed for a ferrocenyl–acetylide–gold(I) complex with triethylphosphine, structure (1), by means of a multi-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Three distinct phases have been identified. The high-temperature α and low-temperature γ phases share the same space group Pbca, whereas the intermediate β phase is in the Pb21
a subgroup of Pbca. In all phases molecules of (1) form well defined double layers, with PEt3 groups interlocking in planes perpendicular to c. On the molecular level, both phase transitions involve almost uniquely a conformational change of triethylphosphine: a gear-like rotation around the P—Au axis and concerted flips of the ethyl moieties. The mechanism of these transitions may be imagined as initiated by a rotation of a single PEt3 group in a double layer (a single gear movement), followed by adjacent phosphines adjusting their conformations as a result of steric strain. The structural changes underlying phase transitions are sequential, occurring layer-wise, the γ→β transition involving approximately every other layer in the crystal lattice, the β→α yielding a total conformation change. The sequence of phase transitions results in a noticeable contraction of the crystal cell volume.
Models for potential dendritic nitric oxide donors: crystal structures of two 2-nitroanilino precursors and nitric oxide-release behavior of the nitrosated derivatives
Authors: Badour Alec R. , Arnett-Butscher Corey J. , Mohanty Dillip K. , Squattrito Philip J. , Lambright Kelly J. , Kirschbaum Kristin
Published: August 2018

Two molecular precursors to dendrimeric materials that could serve as slow and sustained NO-releasing therapeutic agents have been synthesized and characterized. N
1,N
4-Bis(2-nitrophenyl)butane-1,4-diamine, C16H18N4O4, (I), crystallizes in a lattice with equal populations of two molecules of different conformations, both of which possess inversion symmetry through the central C—C bond. One molecule has exclusively anti conformations along the butyl chain, while the other has a gauche conformation of the substituents on the first C—C bond. N
2,N
2-Bis[2-(2-nitroanilino)ethyl]-N
1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethane-1,2-diamine, C24H27N7O6, (II), crystallizes with one unique molecule in the asymmetric unit. Neighboring pairs of molecules are linked into dimers via N—H...O amine–nitro hydrogen bonds. The dimers are assembled into layers that stack in an A–B–A–B sequence such that the repeat distance in the stacking direction is over 46 Å. Molecular NO-release agents N
1,N
4-bis(2-nitrophenyl)-N
1,N
4-dinitrosobutane-1,4-diamine, C16H16N6O6, (III), and N
1-(2-nitrophenyl)-N
2,N
2-bis{2-[(2-nitrophenyl)(nitroso)amino]ethyl}-N
1-nitrosoethane-1,2-diamine, C24H24N10O9, (IV), were prepared via treatment of (I) and (II), respectively, with NaNO2 and acetic acid. The release of NO from solid-phase samples of (III) and (IV) suspended in phosphate buffer was monitored spectroscopically over a period of 21 days. Although (IV) released a greater amount of NO, as expected due to it having three NO moieties for every two in (III), the (IV):(III) ratio of the rate and extent of NO release was significantly less than 1.5:1, suggesting that some combination of electronic, chemical, and/or steric factors may be affecting the release process.
CEO succession puzzle in the Polish capital market
Authors: Byrka-Kita Katarzyna , Czerwiński Mateusz , Preś-Perepeczo Agnieszka , Wiśniewski Tomasz
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the market reaction to the appointments of chief executive officers (CEOs) in companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The authors focussed on the relationship between the characteristics of a newly appointed CEO and the shareholders’ reactions to the appointment of a CEO.

Design/methodology/approach

To measure shareholder reaction, the authors apply an event study methodology. The determinants of reaction are identified on the basis of multi-regression analysis.

Findings

The results reveal a negative market reaction to all CEO appointments, both new appointments and reappointments. Investor reaction is driven more by the financial condition of the company, the company’s market performance and the free float, than by the characteristics of a newly appointed CEO. Neither the origins and generation (age) nor the gender of a CEO influence share prices. The relationship between the educational background of a CEO and shareholders’ reactions is mixed. Furthermore, the appointment of an inexperienced CEO seems to be preferred by investors.

Research limitations/implications

The study is restricted by certain limitations related to the adopted measures, the single-market research, data gaps and the selection of variables for regression analysis. A further cross-country study including Central and Eastern Europe and/or the transition economies of the Baltic Region is recommended. The relationship between the operating performance of a firm and its internal control mechanisms could be explored.

Practical implications

The findings might influence the decisions made by company owners and supervisory boards when appointing top executives, and might contribute to a better understanding of how CEO appointments can affect shareholder value creation. The results also provide important guidelines for institutions that oversee the financial system.

Originality/value

The findings of this study are expected to the findings are expected to contribute to the literature on the empirical analysis of the shareholder wealth effect, on signalling theory, on the phenomenon of information asymmetry and on corporate governance. The study covers a full economic cycle of the capital market, including the financial crisis and financial bubbles, and it fills a gap in the research regarding emerging markets and transition economies in Europe.
Alternate beeline diagramming method network analysis for interdependent design entities
Authors: Mujumdar Purva , Maheswari J. Uma
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The design phase is generally characterized with two-way multiple information exchanges/overlaps between the interdependent entities. In this paper, entity is a generic term to represent teams, components, activities or parameters. Existing approaches can either capture a single overlap or lack practical application in representing multiple overlaps. The beeline diagraming method (BDM) network is efficient in representing multiple overlaps for construction projects. However, it considers any entity as indivisible and cannot distinguish partial criticality of entities. In reality, the design phase in any construction project is driven by need basis and often has numerous interruptions. Hence, there is a need to develop an alternate network analysis for BDM for interruptible execution. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

A pilot study is conducted to formulate the hypothetical examples. Subsequently, these hypothetical BDM examples are analyzed to trace a pattern for criticality. This pattern study along with the existing precedence diagramming method network analysis enabled to derive new equations for forward pass, backward pass and float. Finally, the proposed concepts are applied to two design cases and reviewed with the design experts.

Findings

The proposed network analysis for BDM is efficient for interruptible entity execution.

Practical implications

The proposed BDM network is an information-intensive network that enables the design participants to view the project holistically. Application to two distinct cases emphasizes that the concept is generic and can be applied to any project that is characterized with beelines.

Originality/value

An alternate network analysis for BDM is investigated for interruptible entity execution. This study also clarifies the related concepts – interdependency, iteration, overlaps and multiple information exchanges/linkages.
The competing values framework
Authors: Lindquist Evert , Marcy Richard
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore how the competing values framework (CVF) could be used by public service leaders to analyze and better understand public sector leadership challenges, thereby improving their ability in leading across borders and generations.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper applies the CVF, originally developed for understanding leadership in the private sector and shows how it can be adapted for analyzing and developing skill in addressing different leadership challenges in public sector contexts, including setting out specific learning exercises.

Findings

The paper has four parts. The first provides an overview of the origins, logic, and evolution of the CVF. The second part shows how the CVF is relevant and useful for assessing management and leadership values in the public sector. The third part identifies specific leadership challenges and learning exercises for public sector leaders at different stages of development. The final part concludes by reflecting on the CVF and similar frameworks, and where future research might go.

Research limitations/implications

Because of the chosen research approach, propositions within the paper should be tentatively applied.

Practical implications

This paper provides guidance for the better understanding of complex leadership challenges within the public sector through the use of the CVF.

Social implications

The social implications of the paper could include the more widespread use of the CVF within the public sector as a tool to lead more effectively.

Originality/value

This paper adapts and extends an analytical tool that has been of high value in the private sector so that it can be used in the public sector.
Towards understanding a multi-stakeholder approach in a youth leadership development program
Authors: De Vera Manuel J. , Corpus Jose Enrique R. , Ramos Donn David P.
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences gained by participants of youth leadership development (YLD) programs that introduce multi-stakeholder processes as part of its training within the last five years. Moreover, the study delves into how participants are able to apply leadership and multi-stakeholder processes in their everyday lives and in their communities.

Design/methodology/approach

A perception survey of 41 respondents was conducted to examine leadership concepts identified and youth leadership practices in different social reform contexts.

Findings

Diverse challenges in terms of multi-stakeholder mobilization were evident in youth leaders’ engagement in communities. In spite of this, the YLD programs’ emphasis on multi-stakeholder process is very much embedded in the current youth leaders’ practice.

Research limitations/implications

The study contributes to the conduct of YLD programs, as well as on stakeholder engagement. Moreover, it contributes to advancing public leadership theory and practice by demonstrating how it extends to youth leadership experiences.

Practical implications

Multiple dimensions of YLD, especially in the realm of multi-stakeholder engagement, are discussed that may contribute to YLD programs.

Originality/value

To the best of knowledge, the authors provide the first study that investigates the contribution of the Bridging Leadership Framework that utilizes a multi-stakeholder approach in a YLD program using empirical data.
“This time may be a little different” – exploring the Finnish view on the future of work
Authors: Pulkka Ville-Veikko
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore Finns’ labor market development predictions for the next ten years and shed light on preferred policy responses to the digital economy.

Design/methodology/approach

Nationally representative survey data employed in this paper were collected in autumn 2017. The data collection utilized a multiphase sampling, and the interviews (n=1004) were carried out on telephone to minimize selection-bias and produce demographically balanced data.

Findings

Over two-thirds (71 percent) of Finns do not expect technological unemployment to constitute a permanent problem in the digital economy. Nevertheless, 74 percent assume that technological unemployment will increase at least temporarily. A considerable majority (85 percent) also believe that future jobs will be more precarious. Younger generations, despite their currently weak position in the labor market, are surprisingly more optimistic in their predictions. Analysis of preferred policy responses support this paper’s main thesis that the Finnish view on the future of work is rather optimistic: education reforms and streamlining the current social security gather dedicated support, whereas more unconventional ideas such as basic income or work-sharing remain contested.

Originality/value

To predict possible barriers to labor mobility stemming from digital economy discourses and to anticipate possible political fluctuations, studies on the public view are needed. This research aims to provide a solid framework for further comparative explorations of the public view.
Design and fabrication of the tilting-pad thrust bearing surface profile
Authors: Wang Zhanchao , Guo Fei , Liu Ying , Liu Xiangfeng , Wang Yuming
Published: August 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to design a new surface profile with simpler processing technology, which makes the bearing load carrying capacity (LCC) close to that of conventional tilting-pad thrust bearing.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper analyzes the LCC of the thrust pad with crown profile and designs a new profile, whose performance is similar to the crown profile. The laser method is introduced to fabricate the new profile. The profile with tiny crown height can be fabricated by the laser with the proper parameters.

Findings

It was found that there is an optimum value, which is best in terms of the capacity of tilting-pad thrust bearing reach. The new profile with proper parameters can replace the crown profile.

Originality/value

The new profile can replace the crown profile and is easier to be made. The new design method could be adopted for designing the pad surface profile of the tilting-pad thrust bearing.
Contract coordination of new fresh produce three-layer supply chain
Authors: Song Zilong , He Shiwei
Published: August 2018

Purpose

There are particularly high fresh agricultural product (FAP) loss rates in actual supply chain operation and the development of FAPs e-commerce is hindered to some extent. The purpose of this paper is to achieve the coordination of three-layer FAP supply chain and maximize profit through the contracts among the supply chain members.

Design/methodology/approach

A three-layer FAP supply chain that consists of a fresh produce e-commerce enterprise, third-party logistics service provider (TPLSP) and community convenience store under e-commerce environment is considered. New game models are developed and optimal decisions in centralized and decentralized channel are characterized. Different contract coordination mechanisms are designed to improve the supply chain performance. Finally, computational studies are conducted.

Findings

The decentralized supply chain cannot be coordinated by a freshness-keeping cost-sharing contract, and it can be coordinated by a freshness-keeping cost-sharing and revenue-sharing contract. The optimal unit online selling price, unit logistics distribution price, fresh-keeping effort and unit self-collection service price can all be achieved.

Practical implications

The paper provides a practical guideline to managers in fresh produce industry in terms of how to cooperate with other supply chain members so as to maximize total profit and achieve Pareto improvement while also supply the freshest and safest produce to the target market under e-commerce environment.

Originality/value

Few studies have explored the coordination of three-layer FAP supply chain under e-commerce environment with TPLSP and community convenience store’s participation in decisions, especially considering that the market demand for FAPs is affected by freshness and unit online selling price. In this paper, all these scenarios are taken into account and corresponding mathematical models are developed. In particular, different contract coordination mechanisms are designed and examined simultaneously.
Documenting acousmatic music interpretation
Authors: Boutard Guillaume , Féron François-Xavier
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Extending documentation and analysis frameworks for acousmatic music to performance/interpretation, from an information science point of view, will benefit the transmission and preservation of a repertoire with an idiosyncratic relation to performance and technology. The purpose of this paper is to present the outcome of a qualitative research aiming at providing a conceptual model theorizing the intricate relationships between the multiple dimensions of acousmatic music interpretation.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology relies on the grounded theory. A total of 12 Interviews were conducted over a period of three years in France, Québec and Belgium, grounded in theoretical sampling.

Findings

The analysis outcome describes eight dimensions in acousmatic performance, namely, musical, technical, anthropological, psychological, social, cultural, linguistic and ontological. Discourse profiles are provided in relation to each participant. Theory development led to the distinction between documentation of interpretation as an expertise and as a profession.

Research limitations/implications

Data collection is limited to French-speaking experts, for historical and methodological reasons.

Practical implications

The model stemming from the analysis provides a framework for documentation which will benefit practitioners and organizations dedicated to the dissemination of acousmatic music. The model also provides this community with a tool for characterizing expert discourses about acousmatic performance and identifying content areas to further investigate. From a research point of view, the theorization leads to the specification of new directions and the identification of relevant epistemological frameworks.

Originality/value

This research brings a new vision of acousmatic interpretation, extending the literature on this repertoire’s performance with a more holistic perspective.
The application of CPS in library management: a survey
Authors: Liang Xueling , Chen Hong
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the current state research of cyber-physical system (CPS) and its application in libraries. CPS is a kind of large-scale and networked system that consists of physical and cyber elements and is currently of interest in academia, industry and government. In this survey, the definitions, theoretical foundation and basic applications of CPS are systematically reviewed. In addition, the development of library and current research of CPS application in library management are presented. The vision and challenge of smart library are also discussed.

Design/methodology/approach

By retrieving the main scholarly databases, the literature of CPS and its application in libraries were examined.

Findings

This study shows that a lot of CPS technology applications are still in initial stage, and explores CPS potential impacts on libraries.

Originality/value

The application of CPS in library management has not been paid much attention, this study provides a prospective for the application of CPS in libraries.
Recent advances in international marine econometrics
Authors: Kedong Yin , Xuemei Li
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Since 2000, China, along with the USA, UK, France, Japan and many other developed countries have drawn up new blueprints for the development of a marine economy. At present, international marine economics research has entered into a new period of development, and the research methods of ocean econometrics are becoming more complex and mature. The purpose of this paper is to review the progress of international marine econometrics research and gives the development direction of marine econometrics.

Design/methodology/approach

The Web of Science core collection database was utilized, harvesting data from 1996 to May 2018, measuring the marine economy research from 1,489 articles as its sample, using CiteSpace visualization analysis tools.

Findings

Mapping the knowledge map from annual international marine economic metrology, literature identification, keywords, involving disciplines and related journals, countries (regions) and research and analyzing the research status of reveals the research frontiers of international marine economy measurement (learning) by using CiteSpace.

Originality/value

The conceptions and characteristics of marine econometrics are defined and analyzed, and the theoretical method of marine econometrics is sorted out. Mapping the knowledge diagram of marine econometrics and discussing the research status of international marine economics, and clarifying the existing problems, future opportunities and challenges of international marine econometrics research.
The Data‐Limited Methods Toolkit (DLMtool): An R package for informing management of data‐limited populations
Authors: Carruthers Thomas R. , Hordyk Adrian R.
Published: August 2018

A simulation‐based approach known as management strategy evaluation (MSE) is increasingly used by resource managers to identify management procedures that are robust to uncertainties in system dynamics.

The majority of global fish populations are data limited and there is large uncertainty over their population and exploitation dynamics.

The Data‐Limited Methods Toolkit (DLMtool) is an R package that allows for rapid and flexible MSE specification. The package consolidates a large number of existing data‐limited management procedures and allows for rapid MSE testing of new approaches.

The DLMtool package has supported transparent and rigorous decision‐making for a number of data‐limited populations, identifying robust management procedures and revealing performance trade‐offs.
Retirement village physical activity and nutrition intervention process evaluation: Informing practice
Authors: Jancey Jonine , Holt Anne‐Marie , Lee Andy H , Kerr Deborah A , Hart Ellen , Robinson Suzanne , Anderson Annie S , Hills Andrew P , Howat Peter
Published: August 2018

Objective

This process evaluation aimed to determine participants’ perceptions of the strategies utilised in a six‐month intervention that set out to improve physical activity and nutrition in retirement village (RV) residents.

Methods

Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from intervention participants residing in 17 RVs located in Perth, Western Australia, via self‐report questionnaires (n = 139) and semi‐structured interviews (n = 16).

Results

Intervention resources were moderately useful and suitable. Program ambassadors were encouraging (86%), but more frequent, and more direct, contact were preferred. The main reason for withdrawing from the program was health‐related conditions (aches, pains, injuries).

Conclusion

This study provides evidence that the intervention was reasonably appropriate for older adults residing in RVs. Program ambassadors were well accepted, a successful strategy that should be considered for future interventions in RVs. Increased face‐to‐face engagement was preferred, but such an approach will require greater investment. The findings contribute to a small research base concerned with health behaviour interventions in RVs.
Combined positron emission tomography/computed tomography for diagnosis and monitoring of orbital adnexal lymphoma
Authors: Klingenstein Annemarie , Garip‐Kuebler Aylin , Mueller‐Lisse Ullrich G. , Hintschich Christoph
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Combined whole‐body F‐18‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose positron emission tomography / computed tomography ([18F]FDG‐PET/CT) gives precise information about tumour morphology and metabolism. The standardized uptake value (SUV) allows quantification of tumour metabolism. The diagnostic value of PET/CT in patients with suspected orbital adnexal lymphoma (OAL) was evaluated.

Methods

Of 21 patients with suspected OAL who underwent combined whole‐body PET/CT between 07/2002 and 11/2016, 16 were scanned before and five after orbital biopsy. Histological tumour determination was performed in all cases via biopsy. Correlation between SUVmax and therapeutic status, lymphoma stage (Ann Arbor classification) and histological grading was tested.

Results

All lesions could be depicted by combined whole‐body PET/CT. Histology confirmed two malignant T‐cell and 18 malignant B cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas as well as one patient suffering from systemic lymphoma with chronic polypoid sinusitis. SUVmax levels of orbital findings were significantly lower after therapy (p < 0.001; Fisher's exact test). Higher stage lymphomas (Ann Arbor classification) expressed significantly higher SUVmax levels (p = 0.014; Fisher's exact test). There was no significant correlation of SUVmax values and histologic grading in this patient collective.

Conclusion

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) depicted vital tumour metabolism of OALs accurately. In cases scanned after orbital biopsy and under systemic therapy, no elevated tumour metabolic activity was expressed. This underlines the reasonable application of PET/CT for therapy monitoring besides whole‐body staging. Higher‐stage OALs show higher metabolic activity. Yet, for adequate therapy initiation, histology remains indispensable.
Rotation asymmetry of the human sclera
Authors: Consejo Alejandra , Llorens‐Quintana Clara , Bartuzel Maciej M. , Iskander D. Robert , Rozema Jos J.
Published: August 2018

Purpose

To characterize the mean topographical shape of the human sclera of a normal eye.

Methods

Forty‐five participants aged from 19 to 45 years and with no previous ocular surgeries were included in this study. Four three‐dimensional (3D) corneo‐scleral maps from both eyes were acquired using a corneo‐scleral topographer (Eye Surface Profiler). For each 3D map, the sclera (maximum diameter of 16 mm) and cornea were automatically separated at the level of the limbus. The remaining 3D scleral ring was further fit to a quadratic function. The elevation difference between the original and fit data was calculated. For statistical analysis, sclera was divided into eight sectors: nasal, temporal, superior, inferior, supero‐nasal, supero‐temporal, inferior‐nasal and inferior‐temporal. In addition, sclera was separated as inner sclera (inner ring of 6–7‐mm radius) and outer sclera (external ring of 7–8‐mm radius).

Results

Horizontally, the nasal area of the sclera showed less elevation [mean (SD) −30 (52) μm (OD)] than the temporal area [mean (SD) 4 (47) μm (OD)], p < 0.001. Vertically, the inferior area of the sclera [mean (SD) 32 (72) μm (OD)] was slightly less elevated than the superior area (mean (SD) 36 (84) μm, but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.40). Besides, the asymmetry of the sclera was found to increase with radial distance from the corneal apex. No statistically significant difference was found between right and left eye.

Conclusion

Human sclera is rotationally asymmetric, and its shape varies considerably between subjects.
Review: Experiences of healthcare transitions for young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review of qualitative research
Authors: Price Anna , Janssens Astrid , Woodley Abigail L. , Allwood Matt , Ford Tamsin
Published: August 2018

Background

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity. Up to two thirds of young people with ADHD may experience symptoms into adulthood, yet the limited literature available suggests that many young people with ongoing needs do not transfer from child to adult healthcare services. Although worldwide and NICE guidelines recognise the importance of supported transition, evidence suggests for ADHD that this is poorly managed and variable. Little is known about how transition is experienced by those involved. We aimed to synthesise existing peer‐reviewed literature to understand views and experiences of young people, carers and clinicians on transitioning between child and adult ADHD services.

Method

Five databases were searched and all articles published between 2000 and up until January 2017 considered. Four key search areas were targeted; ADHD, Transition, Age and Qualitative Research. Quality appraisal was conducted using Wallace criteria. Findings from included studies were synthesised using thematic analysis.

Results

Eight papers, six from the UK and one each from Hong Kong and Italy, were included. Emerging themes centred on difficulties transitioning; hurdles that had to be negotiated, limitations of adult mental health services, inadequate care and the impact of transition difficulties.

Conclusions

Healthcare transition for this group is difficult in the United Kingdom because of multiple challenges in service provision. In addition to recommendations in NICE guidelines, respondents identified a need for better provision of information to young people about adult services and what to expect, greater flexibility around age boundaries and the value of support from specialist adult ADHD services. More research is needed into ADHD healthcare transition experiences, especially in countries outside the United Kingdom, including accounts from carers and clinicians.
Integrated analysis of long noncoding RNA associated‐competing endogenous RNA as prognostic biomarkers in clear cell renal carcinoma
Authors: Yin Hang , Wang Xiaoyuan , Zhang Xue , Wang Yan , Zeng Yangyang , Xiong Yudi , Li Tianqi , Lin Rongjie , Zhou Qian , Ling Huan , Zhou Fuxiang , Zhou Yunfeng
Published: August 2018

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common malignant carcinomas and its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) could bind sites of miRNA which affect the expression of mRNA according to the competing endogenous (ceRNA) theory. The aim of the present study was to construct a ceRNA network and to identify key lncRNA to predict survival prognosis. We identified differentially expressed mRNA, lncRNA and miRNA between tumor tissues and normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Then, using bioinformatics tools, we explored the connection of 89 lncRNA, 10 miRNA and 22 mRNA, and we constructed the ceRNA network. Furthermore, we analyzed the functions and pathways of 22 differentially expressed mRNA. Then, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of these 89 lncRNA and overall survival were explored. Nine lncRNA were finally screened out in the training group. The patients were divided into high‐risk and low‐risk groups according to the 9 lncRNA and low‐risk scores having better clinical overall survival (P < .01). Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrates the predicted role of the 9 lncRNA. The 9‐lncRNA signature was successfully proved in the testing group and the entire group. Finally, multivariate Cox regression analysis and stratification analysis further proved that the 9‐lncRNA signature was an independent factor to predict survival. In summary, the present study provides a deeper understanding of the lncRNA‐related ceRNA network in ccRCC and suggests that the 9‐lncRNA signature could serve as an independent biomarker to predict survival in ccRCC patients.
Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies with embryonic folliculosebaceous‐apocrine unit differentiation in syringocystadenoma papilliferum
Authors: Kishibe Mari , Iwasaki Takeshi , Takahashi Ichiro , Ishida‐Yamamoto Akemi
Published: August 2018

We describe a case of syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP) with a unique histopathology. A 50‐year‐old Japanese woman presented with a pedunculated tumor in the pubic region. Histopathological examination showed that the tumor was composed of basaloid cell proliferation interconnecting from the epidermis to the dermis. Ductal structures in the tumor were lined by club‐shaped columnar cells with apical snouts. Interestingly, numerous vacuolated cells with hyaline globule‐like cytoplasmic inclusions were present among the columnar cells, the content of which was identified as sialomucin. Electron microscopy revealed that the vacuolated cytosol of luminal cells represented intracytoplasmic lumens with a structure similar to embryonic apocrine ducts. We assumed that this case represents a rare variant of SCAP that had differentiated toward the embryonic folliculosebaceous‐apocrine unit.
Systemic adverse events after botulinum neurotoxin A injections in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Paget Simon P , Swinney Caitlyn M , Burton Karen L O , Bau Karen , O'Flaherty Stephen J
Published: August 2018

Aim

To identify factors that increase the likelihood of systemic adverse events after botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) injections in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method

A prospective observational study of patients attending a BoNT‐A clinic at a tertiary paediatric hospital (2010–2014). Occurrences of systemic adverse events, defined as lower respiratory tract illnesses, generalized weakness, dysphagia, and death were determined at follow‐up. The relationship between systemic adverse events and eight preinjection variables (age, Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] level, history of dysphagia, gastrostomy, aspiration pneumonia, recent history of illness, BoNT‐A dose, and type of sedation) were examined using univariable and multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations methods.

Results

In total 591 children underwent 2219 injection episodes with follow‐up in 2158 (97%) cases. Systemic adverse events were reported in 77 (3.6%) injection episodes. Univariable analysis suggested that GMFCS levels IV and V, a history of dysphagia, gastrostomy, aspiration pneumonia, and increasing BoNT‐A dose increase the likelihood of systemic adverse events. In multivariable analysis, a history of dysphagia (odds ratio [OR] 3.42) and/or aspiration pneumonia (OR 2.31) remained associated with increased likelihood of systemic adverse events.

Interpretation

A history of dysphagia and/or aspiration pneumonia are the factors that most increase the likelihood of systemic adverse events after BoNT‐A.

What this paper adds

Systemic adverse events occur in 3.6% of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) injection episodes.

Dysphagia and/or aspiration pneumonia are associated with increased likelihood of systemic adverse events.

Multivariable models showed no evidence of association between Gross Motor Function Classification System and systemic adverse events.

Multivariable models showed no evidence of association between BoNT‐A dose and systemic adverse events.