bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHOSPHOLIPASE A 2 , PLASMA ELASTASE ACTIVITY IN PRE- AND POST-PARTUM OF PRE-ECLAMPTIC WOMEN
Authors: D Dayanand C , Bambrana Vanishree , Sr Sheela
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the activity of phospholipase A2, plasma elastase enzymes and to assess relation withan inflammatory marker high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in nonpregnant before and after delivery of normotensive pregnant and preeclampticwomen.Methods: The study population consists of three groups: Nonpregnant (Group 1, n=57), normotensive pregnant (Group 2, n=57), and pre-eclampticwomen (Group 3, n=57). Groups 2 and 3 were followed after delivery within 48 hrs. Phospholipase A, plasma elastase, and hs-CRP levels weredetermined spectrophotometrically.Results: The plasma elastase, phospholipase A22 activity, and hs-CRP were elevated in pre-eclampsia significantly (p<0.05), nonsignificant rise innormotensive pregnant before delivery condition compared to nonpregnant women. However, plasma elastase in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsiawere decreased by 1.2- and 2.07-fold, respectively, after delivery. Whereas phospholipase A and hs-CRP found to be nonsignificantly decreased in thepostdelivery status of the both the groups. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed that elastase enzyme has diagnostic importanceto assess inflammation on the basis of area under curve (0.758).2Conclusion: Our research findings generated knowledge about raised level of plasma elastase enzyme by neutrophil degranulation representsinflammation in pre-eclampsia. Elevated elastase, phospholipase AKeywords: Elastase, High sensitive C - reactive protein, Phospholipase A2 with hs-CRP in pre-eclampsia serves as indicators of inflammation., Pre-eclampsia.
NUTRACEUTICALS IN DYSLIPIDEMIA: AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH
Authors: Agarwal Saurabh , Thomson Sereen R , G Shivaprakash
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTDyslipidemia is a well-known modifiable risk factor for preventing cardiovascular diseases. The present therapy mainly aiming at pharmacologicaltreatment to reduce lipid levels may not be effective in each individual to meet the target levels. Diet and lifestyle modification has an important rolein treating such chronic illnesses. Nutraceuticals, which are derived from food products, provide one such alternate therapy for the management ofdyslipidemia. Some of them have proven to be effective for treating dyslipidemia while others require further studies. Much work is still required tounderstand the pharmacokinetics and mechanism of action of these products. Nutraceuticals hold promise in the clinical management of dyslipidemiaand can be used as primary preventive therapy as more evidence from studies comes in light.Keywords: Dyslipidemia, Nutraceuticals, Cardiovascular disease, Statins.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE–ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS MODELING STUDIES OF PHYTOCHEMICALS FROM BRASSICACEAE AS POTENT INHIBITORS AGAINST TUMOR INFLAMMATION
Authors: Devi J Renuka , G Nandhinidevi , M Bavanilatha , Bharathy T Kavitha , Banu M Jameela , S Kanimozhi
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study was to develop a three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationships (3D-QSARs) model for studying theinteraction of different phytochemicals with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ĸB) inducing kinase, a major regulator in tumor inflammation.Methods: Different phytochemicals (ligands) from Brassicaceae were selected and tested for Lipinski’s rule of five and further analyzed usinginteraction studies (docking) to identify the binding site in the target protein. Ligands with best fit were made to pass through ADMET filter, and thenontoxic ligands were selected based on the pIC50 values. Results: The 3D-QSARs of the ligands were designed using comparative molecular field analysis, and glucoraphanin was found to be stable and fitafter subjecting for molecular dynamics simulation with annealing studies.Conclusion: Thus, the model may be prospectively used in drug design to find possible inhibitors of NF-ĸB, which plays a key prominent role in cancerinflammation.Keywords: Three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationships, Brassica oleracea, Simulation, Annealing, Nuclear factor kappa B kinase.
THE PREPARATION AND SOLUBILITY OF LORATADINE-FUMARIC ACID BINARY MIXTURE
Authors: Alatas Fikri , Aprilliana Morisa , Gozali Dolih
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Loratadine (LOR) is a biopharmaceutics classification system Class II drug that has low solubility and high permeability, so its absorptionrate is determined by the dissolution rate. The aim of this study was to prepare an LOR-fumaric acid (LOR-FUM) binary mixture and to investigate itsinfluence on the solubility and dissolution rate of LOR.Methods: LOR-FUM binary mixture was prepared by the wet grinding method in an equimolar ratio by the addition of two drops of methanol.Characterization of LOR-FUM binary mixture was conducted by the construction of the phase solubility, powder X-ray diffractometry, Fouriertransforms infrared spectroscopy, and polarizing microscopy methods. Solubility test was performed in water at room temperature, whereas thein vitro dissolution test was performed in the pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8 buffer solutions.Results: The phase solubility curve of LOR in FUM solution is similar to type B. The powder X-ray diffraction results show the crystallinity of LOR waschanged become more amorphous indicating the salt formation. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of LOR-FUM binary mixtureshowed the vibration peaks of an imine group on the pyridine ring of LOR and carbonyl group on the FUM are not detected. On the other hand, thepolarizing microscope images showed the crystal habit of LOR-FUM binary mixture after recrystallized from methanol contrast to crystal habit ofits pure components. The solubility in water of LOR-FUM binary mixture was higher than pure LOR. Amount of LOR released from LOR-FUM binarymixture in pH 4.5 and 6.8 buffer solutions was faster than from pure LOR.SConclusion: A binary mixture of LOR and FUM may improve the solubility and dissolution rate of LOR.Keywords: Loratadine, Fumaric acid, Binary mixture, Solubility, Dissolution rate.
BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PATTERNS ISOLATES IN PUS SAMPLES AT AGARTALA GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE
Authors: Prabhakar Pranav Kumar , Jamatia Arundhati , Shil Rubin , Roy Debasish
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Injudicious use of antibiotics in the management of pyogenic infections leads to emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance amongpyogenic bacteria. This study aimed toward the determination of the bacterial isolates from pus samples and their antibiotic resistance pattern.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 359 consecutive pus specimens received at Microbiology Department of Gobind Ballabh Pant Hospital underAgartala Government Medical College, Agartala has been done. Bacterial isolates were identified by standard microbial techniques, and antibioticsusceptibility was done by modified Kirby-Bauer methods.Results: Growth was seen in 176 (49.02%) specimens out of 359 samples. A total of 176 specimens yielded single isolate whereas 4 specimensyielded 2 isolates. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism isolated 53 (30.11%) followed by Pseudomonas spp. 37 (21.02%),Klebsiella spp. 30 (17.07%), Escherichia coli 24 (13.63%) Proteus spp. 11 (6.40%), Acinetobacter spp. 7 (3.97%), Citrobacter spp., and Enterobacterspp. 4 (2.27%) each. The highest number of multidrugs resistant isolates was Klebsiella spp. All S. aureus were 100% sensitive to vancomycin, and allGram-negative bacilli were 100% to sensitive to imipenem and amikacin.Conclusion: This study revealed the most common organism in pus samples is S. aureus followed by Pseudomonas spp. and highly multidrug resistanceKlebsiella spp. Hence, continued monitoring of susceptibility pattern need to be carried out to detect the true burden of antibiotic resistance inorganism and prevent their further emergence by judicious use of drugs.Keywords: Pyogenic bacteria, Antibiotic resistance, Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella, Antibiotic policy.
IN VIVO EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ROOTS OF CENTAUREA AFRICANA (L.) IN TOPICAL FORMULATION
Authors: Zaouani Mohamed , Bitam Arezki , Baz Ahcen , Benali Yasmine , Ben-mahdi Meriem Hind
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities of methanolic extract of Centaurea africana rootsin albino Wistar rats.Methods: Following extraction of the C. africana roots with 80% methanol, the extract was formulated as an ointment (5% and 10% w/w). The ointmentwas then evaluated for wound healing activity using excision and incision wound models. Parameters, including wound contraction, epithelizationtime, histopathologically, and hydroxyproline content, were determined using the excision model, whereas tensile strength was measured from theincision model. In parallel, edema of the ear, locally induced by croton oil, was studied for the assessment of anti-inflammatory activity.Results: Wound treated with 5% and 10% methanolic extract ointment exhibited a significant wound healing activity in both models as evidencedby increased wound contraction, shorter epithelization time, higher tissue breaking strength, and increased hydroxyproline content. The methanolicextract also produced dose-related significant reduction (p<0.001) of inflammation.Conclusion: Results of the present study revealed that C. africana displays remarkable wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities.Keywords: Anti-inflammatory activity, Centaurea africana roots, Methanolic extract, Incision and excision wound model.
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANIC ACID CONTENT, AND BRIX VALUE OF REPRESENTATIVE INDIGENOUS FERMENTED PLANT BEVERAGES OF THAILAND
Authors: Chaiyasut Chaiyavat , Makhamrueang Netnapa , Peerajan Sartjin , Sivamaruthi Bhagavathi Sundaram
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: In Thailand, people believe that the fermented plant beverages (FPBs) have the pharmaceutical effects and consumption of FPBs cure thediseases. This study was conducted to detect and quantify the organic acids, pH, and Brix value of the commonly using FPBs of Thailand.Methods: The samples were collected from all the region of Thailand. The total acidity, pH, and organic acid content were measured by titration, pHmeter, and high-performance liquid chromatography methods, respectively. The sugar content of the sample was assessed by Brix value determinationusing a refractometer.Results: All the tested FPBs showed the pH value of 2-4 except sample no. 64 (pH 6.49) and 65 (pH 5.72). The acidity of the samples showed a rangeof ~0.1-2.5% of lactic acid equivalent. The acidity of sample no. 64 and 65 was not in detectable level. As per the Thai Community Product Standard(TCPS) - No. 481/2004, all the samples were qualified for the human consumption except sample no. 64 and 65. About 34, 17, 58, 53, 8, 6, 12, and1 samples were detected with 0.018-0.241, 0.015-0.389, 0.028-1.244, 0.052-0.550, 0.024-0.267, 0.049-0.373, 0.025-0.980, and 0.31 mg/mL of as tartaric,malic, lactic, acetic, citric, sorbic, fumaric, and propionic acids, respectively. The sugar content of the sample no. 9 and 49 was >55 % of Brix value, whileother tested samples were <50%.Conclusion: All the tested FPBs were harmless to human regarding organic acid content, pH, and Brix value except sample no. 64 and 65 as per theTCPS. Further studies are mandatory to explore the microbial and pharmaceutical nature of traditional FPBs and other fermented foods of Thailand.Keywords: Brix value, Fermented plant beverages, Morinda, Organic acids, pH.
OFF-LABEL AND UNLICENSED PRESCRIBING IN PEDIATRIC INPATIENTS WITH NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IN A MAJOR TEACHING HOSPITAL: AN INDONESIAN CONTEXT
Authors: Ramadaniati Hesty , Tambunan Taralan , Khairani Sondang , Adisty Happy S
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To estimate the prevalence of off-label and unlicensed prescribing in pediatric inpatients with nephrotic syndrome in a major teachinghospital in Indonesia.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in study hospital using medical records from pediatric inpatients with nephrotic syndrome during theperiod of January-December 2015. Patient and prescribing data were collected, and drugs were classified as on-label or off-label/unlicensed basedon the Indonesia National Drug Information (IONI). Thereafter, off-label drugs were categorized with a hierarchical system of age, indication, routeof administration, and dosage.Results: There were 1553 drugs with 94 different types of drug administered to 67 patients during the study period. The data uncovered that1023 (65.9%) of the drug prescriptions were used either off-label/unlicensed. Most off-label drugs (n=433, 42.4%) were from nondiureticsantihypertensive drugs. The most common drugs used in an off-label/unlicensed manner were prednisolone and lisinopril. The high rate of off-labeldrug use in children was mainly related to age (n=772, 75.5%). Pediatrics with nephrotic syndrome was vulnerable to off-label uses where everypatient received at least two off-label drugs. It seems that off-label prescribing in pediatric with nephrotic syndrome was not influenced by age orgender as every patient received off-label drugs.Conclusion: Despite the high prevalence of off-label use in pediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome, this use is supported by evidence-basedprescribing. Further, there remains a need for supporting clinical trials for pediatric drugs and updating IONI as the standard drug information inIndonesia to provide complete product information for pediatric use.Keywords: Off-label drug, Syndrome nephrotic, Inpatient, Pediatrics.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF COMMIPHORA MUKUL FOR ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY IN ALBINO MICE
Authors: Pendyala Vijetha , Janga Ramesh Babu , Suryadevara Vidyadhara
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The main aim and objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of Commiphora mukul (Family: Burseraceae), on depression inmice using tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST).Methods: The oleo-gum resin of guggul was extracted with alcohol and fractionated with ethyl acetate and petroleum ether. All the fractions weresubjected for preliminary phytochemical screening, using various qualitative tests. Till date, no scientific data were available on the antidepressantactivity of this plant. So, in the present investigation, TST and FST are selected as animal models for evaluation of antidepressant activity in albinomice.Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of guggul has revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, tannins, and flavonoids inhydroalcoholic fraction. Ethyl acetate fraction showed positive results toward flavonoids, alkaloids, proteins, and steroids. Hydroalcoholic, ethylacetate, and petroleum ether fractions (50 and 100 mg/kg p.o.) of guggul administered orally for 14 successive days had decreased the immobilityperiods significantly in a dose-dependent manner in both TST and FST, showing significant antidepressant-like activity. The activities of the fractionswere found to be comparable to imipramine in both FST and TST.Conclusions: Although a number of synthetic drugs are being used as standard treatment for clinically depressed patient, they have adverse effectsthat can compromise the therapeutic treatment. In the traditional systems of medicine, many plants and formulations have been used to treatdepression for thousands of years. The results of this study indicate the potential for the use of guggul as an adjuvant in the treatment of depression.Keywords: Guggul, Commiphora mukul, Antidepressant activity, Forced swim test, Tail suspension test, Depression.
IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF SYZYGIUM JAMBOS (L.) COLLECTED FROM WESTERN GHATS REGION COIMBATORE, TAMIL NADU
Authors: Joseph Devakumar Devakumar , Veerasamy Keerthana , Siva Singaram Sudha
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of bioactive compounds in the methanolic leaf extract of Syzygium jambos.Methods: Collected leaves were shade dried and made into fine powder, extracted with methanol, and the methanolic extract was prepared andanalyzed for the presence of bioactive compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The mass spectrum of the chromatographywas matched with NIST and WILEY Libraries.Results: The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 45 active compounds in the extract. From the GC-MS investigation, 1-Deoxy-d-mannitol3-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-5-nitro-6-pyridin-4-ylpyrimidin-4-one, 3-Pentadecylphenol, 2-biphenylene carboxylic acid, Quinoline-3-carboxylic acid,and Stigmast-5-en-3-ol are important phytoconstituents which have antipyretic and antiparasitic activities.Conclusion: The present investigation revealed preliminary information on phytocompounds presented in S. jambos leaf extract which is very usefulfor the human community.Keywords: Syzygium jambos, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, 1-Deoxy-d-mannitol, Phytoconstituents, Methanolic leaf extract.
EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF PITHECELLOBIUM DULCE LEAVES’ EXTRACT
Authors: Kumari Suman
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Diseases due to pathogenic fungi represent a critical problem to human health which is a major cause of morbidity and mortalityworldwide. Synthetic drugs such as Amphotericin B mitigate many of the side effects associated with liver and kidney dysfunctions. Widely distributedtraditional medicinal plants-based antimicrobial drugs are cost effective in the treatment of infectious diseases having no side effects. Pithecellobiumdulce (Roxb.) belongs to the family of Leguminosae, is an evergreen tree widely distributed in the greater part of India which has been widely used intraditional medicine, but lacks scientific scrutiny. The present study revealed P. dulce extract effectiveness against A. fumigates and Aspergillus nigerand showed antioxidant activity.Methods: Leaves’ extract was prepared according to the polarity of solvent, i.e., hexane, chloroform, acetone, methanol, and water. Phytochemicalanalysis, antioxidant activity, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were tested against selected fungus.Results: Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, coumarin, tannins, anthocyanin, andtriterpenoids. Methanol and water extract was found to contain significant amounts of alkaloids, phenols, and flavonoids. Methanolic extract showedMIC against tested fungus, and extract was further fractionated by solvent-solvent fractionation and MIC was tested. MIC for A. fumigatus was0.62 mg/ml and for A. niger was 1.25 mg/ml, and the results were comparable with effective synthetic drug Amphotericin B.Conclusion: Extract possesses potent fungicidal activity which, in turn, may be due to the presence of biologically active ingredient.Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Phytochemical activity, Antifungal activity, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Fractionation.
A RANDOMIZED ACTIVE CONTROLLED CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF RESVERATROL AS AN ADJUVANT THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION
Authors: Ojha Rakesh , Pranesh Kulkarni , Bhavin Vyas
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: No long-term clinical efficacy and safety study of resveratrol as adjuvant therapy along with gold standard therapy has been conductedin patients with essential hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of resveratrol as an adjuvant therapy in newlydiagnosed hypertensive patients.Methods: In this randomized active-controlled study, hypertensive patients (male/female) of 20-65 years aged were randomized (1:1) to receivetelmisartan 20 mg or telmisartan 20 mg plus resveratrol 1 g daily for 12 months. Efficacy variables included a change in systolic and diastolic bloodpressure (DBP) from baseline and were followed up for every 3 months. Treatment-emergent adverse events were assessed.Results: A total of 60 hypertensive patients were analyzed (telmisartan [n=30] and telmisartan plus resveratrol [n=30]). Resveratrol as an adjuvantwith telmisartan significantly reduced in systolic (p<0.001) and DBP (p<0.001) as compared to telmisartan monotherapy. Change in systolic and DBPfrom baseline was significantly higher in telmisartan plus resveratrol group than telmisartan (p<0.001) at all followed visits. Both the study drugshave similar safety profile and found well tolerable.Conclusions: Resveratrol plus Telmisartan was found to be superior over telmisartan monotherapy in reducing systolic and DBP in newly diagnosedhypertensive patients. Both the study drugs were effective with comparable safety profile. Our study supports the long-term clinical efficacy andsafety study of resveratrol along with gold standard therapy in essential hypertension.Keywords: Essential hypertension, Resveratrol, Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Telmisartan.
ACUTE TOXICITY EVALUATION OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF CURCUMA MANGGA RHIZOME
Authors: - Yuandani - , Suwarso Edy -
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Curcuma mangga is highly valued in traditional medicines. This study was carry out to evaluate the in vivo acute toxicity of C. mangga.Methods: Acute toxicity of ethanol extract of C. mangga rhizome was evaluated in mice. The extract at a single dose of 500, 1000, 2000 and 5000 mg/kgbody weight (BW) were orally administered to the test animal. Signs of toxicity, BW and mortality were observed for 14 days. The macropathology danhistopathology examination was also performed.Results: The highest dose administered (5000 mg/kg BW) did not produce mortality of the test animals. Hence, the lethal dose 50 of ethanol extractof C. mangga was estimated to be more than 5000 mg/kg. No sign of toxicity was observed except lethargy. All the organs displayed normal color andtexture. Histopathological examination did not show any lesion except for highest dose.Conclusion: The results indicate the safety of ethanol extract of C. mangga rhizome to the animal tested. Therefore, this plant can be used as a safeand effective alternative medicine.Keywords: Curcuma mangga, Acute toxicity, Mortality.
ROLE OF TIME STUDY IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT OF AN INDIAN HOSPITAL FOR QUALITY HEALTH CARE
Authors: Khekale Shailesh Narayan , Askhedkar R , Parikh R H , Gosavi Devesh Dattatraya
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: To study the role of time study in the emergency department (ED) of an Indian hospital for quality health care. For that, an observationalcross-sectional time study was conducted at the casualty department of largest hospitals situated at central India.Methods: Systemic random sampling method is used to select the patients attending the ED. Following parameters and procedure were observedduring time study in the casualty department. Patient shifting on bed in ED, patient attending by nursing staff, patient attending and treatment bycasualty medical officer (CMO), waiting time for intensivist, diagnostic procedure, waiting time for bed and after the availability of bed, patient wasshifted to Intensive Coronary Care Unit (ICCU)/Intensive Care Unit (ICU)/ward.Results: Waiting times are observed which are of five types such as waiting for ward boy, CMO, intensivist, diagnostic procedure, and for bed in ICCUor ICU or ward.Conclusion: Result of this time and motion study shows that after the entry of the patient in the ED, he or she is subjected to different kinds of waitslike for ward boy, intensivist, diagnostic tests, bed in ICCU or ICU or ward. Out of this, wait for intensivist and for bed are very important for the overalltreatment of the patient. The hospital should aim at reducing these waits by proper management. This study focuses scope for the improvements inpatient waiting time which is the important contributor of the patient satisfaction.Keywords: Time study, Motion study, Waiting line model.
CYTOTOXICITY OF STEM EXTRACTS OF SELECTED CASSIA SPECIES AGAINST HELA AND BREAST CANCER CELL LINES IN VITRO
Authors: Naik Shankar B , Deshpande Surekha R
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The use of plants for medicinal remedies is an integral part of the Indian cultural life, and the traditional background of Indian medicineshows widespread use of plant products in cancer treatment. In this study, stem extracts of some selected Cassia species have been evaluated for theircytotoxic activities under in vitro conditions.Methods: The stems were shade dried at room temperature. The dried and coarsely powdered plant material were extracted with petroleum ether(60-80°C), chloroform, and ethanol using soxhlet apparatus. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide] assay.Results: Stem extracts of three Cassia species, viz., Cassia glauca, Cassia Obtusifolia, and Cassia sophera have been evaluated for their cytotoxic activitieswith chloroform, ethanol and pet ether against HeLa and breast cancer cell lines. Among the three different solvents used at different concentrations,the chloroform extracts of all Cassia species exhibited maximum cytotoxicity (%) against both cell lines. The CTC50 values are revealed the cytotoxicpotential of C. glauca chloroform extracts against HeLa cell line and breast cancer cell lines with CTC50 values 180.00±3.0 and 146.67±0.5, respectively.Chloroform extracts of C. Obtusifolia and C. sophera showed maximum activity against HeLa (380.00±1.1 and 800.00±1.7, respectively) and breastcancer cell lines (310.00±1.1 and 633.33±0.6).Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate the potent cytotoxic activity of chloroform extracts of stems of Cassia species against HeLa andBreast cancer cell lines.Keywords: Cassia, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, Cytotoxicity, HeLa, Breast cancer.
ATTENUATION OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE AND ETHANOL-INDUCED HEPATIC FIBROSIS IN RATS BY CALLIGONUM COMOSUM SHOOT EXTRACT
Authors: Mousa Amria Mamdouh , Hassan Sherien Kamal , El-sammad Nermin Mohammed
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: This study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of methanolic extract of Calligonum comosum (C. comosum)shoots on the hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride and ethanol (CCl4/ethanol) in rats.Methods: A liver fibrosis was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by oral administration of CCl4 (1 ml/kg body weight, twice weekly for 10 weeks) alongwith ethanol (10% in drinking water 1 week before CCl4 administration and throughout the experiment). Rats were pretreated with C. comosumextract (daily, orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight 1 week before CCl4 administration). At the end of the experiment, serum, and liver sampleswere subjected to biochemical investigations. In addition, liver and kidney tissues were evaluated for histopathological changes.Results: C. comosum extract pretreatment significantly reduced CCl4 - induced elevation in serum levels of aspartate aminotransaminase, alanineaminotransaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, and significantly elevated serum contents of total protein and albumin, aswell as an improvement in hepatic protein content, albumin/globulin ratio, body weight and relative liver and kidney weights. C. comosum extract alsosignificantly increased the hepatic levels of glucose-6-phosphatase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase,and glutathione with significant decrease in the contents of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl. In addition, downregulation in expression ofthe fibrotic marker matrix metalloproteinase-2 was observed. C. comosum extract also ameliorated histopathological changes of CCl4/ethanol groupwhich further evidenced the biochemical findings.Conclusion: Our results confirmed that the methanolic extract of C. comosum shoots effectively protect against CCl4/ethanol-induced liver fibrosis,through its antioxidant property.Keywords: Calligonum comosum, Hepatic fibrosis, Carbon tetrachloride, Hepatoprotective effect, Antioxidants, Matrix metalloproteinase-2.
SCREENING, ISOLATION, AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCING BACTERIA OBTAINED FROM SAPROPHYTIC SOIL SAMPLES
Authors: Rajendran Kavitha , N Dhamodharan , C Dhivya
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of the study was conducted to screen and isolate potential antibiotic producing bacteria from saprophytic soils collected fromPotheri and Nandiambakkam.Methods: Soil was collected aseptically and subjected to serial dilution. Crowded plate technique was used for the isolation of the colony. Totallyseven isolates were isolated and were screened for their antibacterial activity. The three isolates (S2A, S2B, and S3A) having better zone of inhibitionwere selected for morphological, microscopical, and biochemical test to prove their validity. The selected isolates were partially purified. The partiallypurified samples further screened for antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the isolates, which shown good zone ofinhibition were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing studies to determine the species.Results: The isolates screened based on size of the zone formed. Best isolate selected by zone of inhibition was subjected to antibacterial activity,morphological, microscopical, and biochemical test, partial purification of three isolates and further screened for antibacterial and MIC. The isolateshowed good zone of inhibition compared to others by MIC was selected for 16S rRNA sequencing studies. Genomic DNA extracted from isolate S2Bconforms it belongs to Pseudomonas species which is named as Pseudomonas putida 2435.Conclusion: The research work revealed that the three isolates showed good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.The S2B isolate was confirmed to P. putida 2435 by 16S rRNA studies.Keywords: Isolation of soil microbes, Biochemical characterization, Antimicrobial activity, Minimum inhibitory concentration, 16S rRNA sequencing,Pseudomonas putida.
A RISING THREAT – RISK FACTORS AND OUTCOMES RELATED TO INFECTIONS WITH ACINETOBACTER SPECIES
Authors: Baliga Shrikala , Khurana Prerna , Shenoy Suchitra , Mithra Prasanna
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Acinetobacter species is an important cause of community as well as nosocomial infections with a high mortality rate. The study was doneto analyze the risk factors associated with Acinetobacter infections and their outcomes.Methods: The clinical details of 100 patients having infections with Acinetobacter species over a period of 1-year were analyzed for underlying riskfactors and outcomes. The antibiotic sensitivity results were interpreted according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.Results: Majority of the infections caused by the Acinetobacter species were lower respiratory tract infections, most common being ventilatorassociatedpneumonia. 47% of the isolates were multi drug resistant and 26% were extensively drug resistant. There is a significant chance of drugresistance and a poor outcome with intensive care unit (ICU) stay, prolonged hospital stay of more than 7 days, the presence of 5 or more risk factors.Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were the risk factors for increased drug resistance in the ICU. Drug resistance was also seen morefrequently in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and patients on post-operative care.Conclusion: The steady increase in drug resistant Acinetobacter species and limited antibiotics available advocates an uncompromising approachtoward infection control and a judicious use of antibiotics especially in the ICU. An understanding about the risk factors helps in the appropriateapproach and management of the patient.Keywords: Acinetobacter, Risk factors, Invasive procedures, Nosocomial.
BETWEEN THE BIOACTIVE EXTRACTS OF EDIBLE MUSHROOMS AND PHARMACOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT NANOPARTICLES: NEED FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF A SYNERGISTIC COMBINATION - A MINI REVIEW
Authors: Chinonso Ukaegbu Ishmael , A Jalal K C , Rashid Shah Samiur , Sarkar Shaheen , Abd Hamid Hazrulrizawati , S Azmi N
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe pharmacological potential of bioactive compounds extracted from mushrooms has been studied to a reasonable level. In the same vein, thebioactivity of nanoparticles has also been investigated and reported to be of potential pharmacological benefit. No doubt, there is a reasonableamount of claims regarding the vast activity of the mushroom extracts and nanoparticles on the tested cell lines and microorganisms. In this paper,a review of the recent application of bioactive compounds extracted from two edible mushrooms (Coprinus comatus and Lactarius deliciosus), aswell as some of the recently reported studies on some nanoparticles of pharmacological potentials, was carried out. In order to check for synergy inthe bioactivity of the mushroom extracts when co-administered with nanoparticles, an investigation on the synergistic application of the materialsthrough the encapsulation of the bioactive extracts from the mushroom onto the nanoparticle was proposed. The supposed synergy in the activity ofthe extract-nanoparticle complex could hold the key to improved activity of nutraceuticals against resistant microorganisms and tumor cells.Keywords: Coprinus comatus, Lactarius deliciosus, Nanoparticles, Synergy, Bioactive extracts.
RITUXIMAB DELAYS WOUND HEALING AND DECREASES WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT IN MALE MICE
Authors: Selman Selman Mohammed , Bashara Majid K , Raji Ahmed , Kadhum Ouday H
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The aims of this research are to evaluate the effect of rituximab on wound healing, some hematological parameters, histological changes inwound healing, and histopathological changes in some organs in male mice.Methods: Totally, 15 adult male mice (25-30 g) were enrolled in this study. Animals were kept in the animal house College of Medicine/Universityof Babylon, and the temperature was controlled on 25°C and 14 hrs light and 10 hrs dark cycles. The animals were provided with standard diet andwater ad libitum. The animals were divided randomly into 3 groups, five mice in each group, Group 1 (control group) received no treatment, Group 2received rituximab 1 m/kg, IP, at days 0, 5, and 10 after wounding, in Group 3, rituximab was topically applied to the wound at days 0, 5, and 10 afterwounding.Results: The results yield that the wound healing significantly decreased (p<0.05) in Groups 2 and 3 as compared to control group. While the resultsregarding white blood cells (WBCs) count, there is a significant decrease in WBC count in Group 2 (p>0.05). Platelets and red blood cell count insignificantly increased in Group 3 as compared to control group (p<0.05). There were no histopathological changes in the skin, kidneys, and spleen.In liver, nonsignificant histopathological changes (p>0.05) found in Group 2 and 3 as compared to control group.Conclusion: Rituximab delays wound healing and reduces WBC count in male mice.Keywords: Rituximab, Wound healing, Lymphocyte, CD20, White blood cells, Mice.
THE ANTHELMINTIC EFFECTS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF CURANGA FEL-TERRAE LEAVES ON ASCARIDIA GALLI
Authors: Patilaya Popi , Husori Dadang Irfan , Sumantri Imam Bagus
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: This study was to investigate the anthelmintic effects of ethanol extract of Curanga fel-terrae leaves on Ascaridia galli.Methods: Extract of C. fel-terrae was prepared by percolating the dried powder of the plant leaves. To observe anthelmintic effects, A. galli wasexposed to the plant extract solutions in different concentrations at room temperature for 72 hrs. Sodium chloride 0.9%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.5%, and albendazole 0.1% were served as negative control, solvent control, and positive control, respectively. The anthelmintic effectswere determined by observing the time taken for paralysis and the time taken for death of A. galli during experiment.Results: The results demonstrated that there were no different effects between negative and solvent controls. However, the ethanol extract ofC. fel-terrae leaves exhibited significantly paralysis and death effects toward A. galli. The plant extracts at the concentration of 100 mg/ml showedsimilar anthelmintic effects with albendazole 0.1%. This study also indicated that the paralysis and death effects of plant extract were shorter whenthe worms exposed with the concentration above of 100 mg/ml.Conclusion: This study indicated that the ethanol extract of C. fel-terrae leaves has potential anthelmintic effects on A. galli.Keywords: Curanga fel-terrae, Ascaridia galli, Anthelmintic, Helminthiasis, Ascariasis.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON PREVALENCE OF EPILEPSY DISORDERS AND DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN
Authors: Upadhyay Jyoti , Upadhyay Gaurav , Rana Amita Joshi
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Epilepsy is the second most common neurologic disorder after stroke. The study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of epilepsydisorders and drug utilization pattern in a patient population of Dehradun. This study was conducted in a private health clinic.Methods: A questionnaire was prepared that includes many practical questions regarding epilepsy seizure type, medication prescribed, their healthstatus, and compliance. A total of 200 cases of epilepsy were reported.Results: The study showed the prevalence of epilepsy disorders which was most common among males (65%) as compared to females (35%). 44%of epilepsy disorders were found prevalent among the age group between 30 and 40 years. The most common type of epilepsy disorder is primarygeneralized seizure (62%) followed by partial seizures (23%), focal disorder (6%), grand mal cortical focal epilepsy (5%), typical seizures (3.5%),refractory seizures (3%), and others (2.5%).Conclusion: Epilepsy is one of the most serious neurological disorders in terms of both prevalence and cumulative incidence. Good education andcounseling is required for coping up the challenges of this condition as well for improving patient compliance. For decreasing the chances of adverseeffects and avoiding drug interactions monotherapy is important. Health-care providers and patients can together formulate a better therapeutic planfor achieving a seizure-free status without adverse effects.Keywords: Seizures, Antiepileptic drugs, Compliance.
INFECTIOUS EXACERBATION OF BRONCHIECTASIS SUCCESSFULLY TREATED WITH CEFTRIAXONE/SULBACTAM/DISODIUM EDETATE-1034 (ELORES™)
Authors: Sharma Parag
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBronchiectasis is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, defined as permanent abnormal dilation of bronchi due to vicious cycle of transmuralinfection and inflammation. Bronchiectasis is generally characterized by cough, wheeze, and dyspnea. Pathogens responsible for bronchiectasisinclude pathogens Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and nontuberculousmycobacteria. Empirical antibiotic therapy and other drugs are used empirically in the management of bronchiectasis.Here, we discuss a case ofinfectious exacerbation of bronchiectasis successfully treated with an empirical use of ceftriaxone/sulbactam/disodium edetate-1034.Keywords: Bronchiectasis, Elores™, Ceftriaxone/sulbactam/disodium edetate-1034, Disodium edetate, Antibiotic resistance.
ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION AND DETERMINATION OF AN ANTI-CANCER DRUG PEMETREXED DISODIUM
Authors: Shetti Nagaraj P
Published: April 2017

Abstract-The electrochemical oxidation of an anti-cancer drug Pemetrexed disodium has been investigated at glassy carbon electrode using voltammetric techniques. The dependence of current on potential, pH, concentrartion, scan rate, and excipients were investigated to optimize the experimental conditions. According to the liner relation between peak potential, peak current, scan rate and Pemetrexed disodium concentration, differential pulse voltammetric method for the quantitative determination in phosphate Buffer solution was developed. The linear response was obtained in the range of 10 µM to 0.75 µM with a detection limit of 0.19 µM. The electrochemical oxidation of mechanism of an anti-cancer drug Pemetrexed disodium was proposed. Keywords- Pemetrexed disodium, Cyclic Voltammetry, Electochemical Studies, Glassy carbon electrode
A STUDY ON THE LEVEL OF DRUG COMPLIANCE AMONG THE OUTPATIENTS WHO ARE ON A LONG-TERM DRUG THERAPY IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL AT KANCHEEPURAM DISTRICT IN TAMILNADU
Authors: Somu Lavakumar , Rs Jacob Jesurun
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: To evaluate the drug compliance level among the patients attending the outpatient department of Shri Sathya Sai Medical College Hospitalusing Morisky 8-item drug compliance questionnaire and to determine the factors which hinder them from adhering to physician’s prescription.Methods: 100 patients who were on long-term drug treatment on outpatient basis were selected. Following that, Morisky 8-item drug compliancequestionnaire, a self-reported scale of medication adherence was used. Along with the mentioned questions, a few questions to assess factors causingnoncompliancy and their knowledge on drug compliance were included. Data were collected and based on the scale, the level of compliance, i.e., low,medium or high was estimated. Patients found noncompliant, factors hindering them from being noncompliant were assessed.Results: Among the 100 patients, 33% belonged to low adherence group, 44% to medium adherence group, and 23% to high adherence group.Patients belonging to low and medium adherence group were segregated and their individual questionnaire was assessed and reason for beingnoncompliant analyzed. The majority of the low adherence group said that they discontinue treatment once they feel that their symptoms were undercontrol.Conclusion: Drug noncompliance is an important factor for treatment failure. The importance of medication adherence was re-emphasized to thosepatients who belonged to low/medium adherence group.Keywords: Morisky, Drug compliance, Shri Sathya Sai, Low adherence.
EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIZED IPOMOEA NIL AGAINST SELECTED PATHOGENS
Authors: Sivaji Asha , A Asha , S Rajeshkumar
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study is to investigate a simple and feasible approach for the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using leafextract of Ipmoea nil and to evaluate its antibacterial activity.Methods: The AgNPs synthesized was characterized by a change in color and the absorption peaks by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The phytocompounds responsible for the reduction and capping of silver ions was known from Fourier transform infrared spectra and phytochemical analysis.The antibacterial effects of prepared aqueous AgNPs were detected against five types of pathogenic bacteria, including Gram-negative and Grampositivebacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Bacillius, Proteus, and Klebsilla pneumonia) using agar well diffusion method.Results: A peak absorption value between 400 and 450 nm and the color change of the extract from yellowish to red wine were corresponds tothe plasmon absorbance of AgNPs. On the other hand, aqueous extract of I. nil mediated AgNPs found to be effective against tested microorganisms(Salmonella, Bacillus, and Proteus) with inhibition zone in the range of 10-13 mm (20 μl and 10 μl) except E. coli and K. pneumonia. Furthermore,aqueous extract of I. nil leaves had no ability to suppress the growth of the tested microorganisms in the concentration of 10 μl. The control alsoproduced similar inhibition zones like AgNPs.Conclusions: Our findings indicated that green synthesized AgNPs mediated by I. nil leaf extract had an efficient anti-bactericidal activity against thebacterial species tested. Hence, further studies are needed to highlight its mechanism and application as an antibacterial agent.Keywords: Ipomoea nil, Silver nanoparticles, Antibacterial activity, Bacteria.
FAMILY BURDEN AND STRESS AMONG CAREGIVER OF ORAL CANCER PATIENTS AT KRISHNA HOSPITAL KARAD
Authors: Hiremath Prabhuswami , Mohite Dr. Vaishali , Naregal Prakash , Chendake Mahesh , Mulani Mrs. Afsana , More Mrs. Ujwala R
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: Cancer is a major life-threatening disease and has its impact on both patients and their family members. Caregivers also play thevery important role in the care of the patients with cancer. (1) Asses the burden among caregivers of patients with oral cancer using burdeninventory. (2) Assess the perceived stress among caregivers of patients with oral cancer using Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). (3) Identify the correlationbetween burden and perceived stress with selected sociodemographic variable. There is mounting evidence that during advanced stages of illness,changes in family roles, and the burden placed on family caregivers may negatively affect quality of life for cancer patients, as well as their caregivers.Attending to the needs of the families of patients not only will benefit family members but also may help patients with their own emotional responsesand management of their disease. The study objectives were to asses the burden and the perceived stress among caregivers of patients with oralcancer patients.Methods: Quantitative nonexperimental approach with descriptive survey design was selected for study. 40 caregivers of patients with oral cancerwere selected through convenience sampling technique. The study included the caregivers of 21-50 years age group who is providing care patientswith oral cancers, who are responding and interested to participate, and available at the time of the study. Caregiver’s burden was assessed usingcaregiver burden scale. A stress of the caregiver was assessed by the PSS.Results: Demographic variable shows that maximum sample belongs 40-50 (40%) years of age group, male gender (65%), married (90%), nuclearfamily (65%), house wife by occupation (60%), spouse to the patients (45%), below graduated education (72%), 6 months to 1 year in providing care(47%), having health benefit from government (52%), and accompanying patient regularly to the hospital (72%). In this study, 3 (7.5%) caregiverwere said that no burden, 13 (32.5%) samples shown mild burden, 15 (37.5%) relative indicated moderate burden, and 9 (22.5%) samples shownsevere burden; 4 (10%) samples shown low stress, 22 (55%) caregiver presented moderate stress, and 14 (35%) samples had high stress.Conclusion: Caregivers are often patients’ primary source of support, many experience significant burden, particularly with respect to their physicaland psychological well-being, economic circumstances, and social and personal relationships.Keywords: Family, Burden, Stress, Caregiver, Oral cancer.
MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH IN PHARMACOKINETICS
Authors: Tripathy Seema , Mohanty Prafulla Kumar
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTMultipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are special kind of stem cells which originate from mesenchyme. These cells can be used as an imperativetool to study reproductive toxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and pharmacokinetics. This novel system may reveal toxicantinducedetiology, decipher detailed understanding on molecular mechanisms of toxicants induced pathways and also enumerate the safe dose ofan investigational product. Hence, this could ultimately replace, improve or overtake current predictive models in toxicology. The particular reviewdescribes the utilization of MSCs in different field of toxicological and pharmacological research.Keywords: Mesenchymal stem cells, Toxicant, Etiology, Pharmacokinetics.