bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adhesive Wear and Exploratory Testing of Aerospace Bearing Steels
Authors: Isaac Daulton , Fletcher Alexander , Kirsch Mathew , Trivedi Hitesh K.
Published: April 2024

Scuffing is a failure mode of contacting surfaces in relative motion that results in deformed topographies, loss of lubricant film, spallation, and potential seizure of machinery. A recent test campaign utilized a ball-on-disk tribometer to evaluate various types of bearing steels for their resistance to adhesive wear, which is a precursor to more severe scuffing. In these tests, the load, temperature, and slide-to-roll ratio (slip) were kept constant, while the entraining velocity was incrementally decreased. If no scuffing occurred, additional tests of higher slip were then performed. A scoring criterion was employed to give each material combination a numerical score, with a higher score indicating better resistance to adhesive wear. Under this approach, most combinations received the maximum possible rating. While this result indicated the robustness of these steels against this failure mode, this test approach would leave the impression that the varying characteristics of these steels are not active in a material's scuffing response. Therefore, following this initial test campaign, an alternative test procedure was explored to obtain improved material discrimination. For this approach, the entraining velocity was held constant while the amount of sliding in the contact was incrementally increased by increasing the slide-to-roll ratio. Preliminary trials with this second procedure indicated improved material discrimination for resistance to adhesive wear and scuffing and showed additional benefits of reduced run time and greater simplicity in the test procedure.
Detailed Analysis of the Crack Behavior around the Surface Dent under Rolling Contact Fatigue
Authors: Fujioka Yuma , Ishibashi Izumi , Maeda Naoki , Fujimatsu Takeshi
Published: April 2024

With recent trends toward carbon neutrality, represented by the progress in the electrification of automobiles, there is an increasing demand for higher-efficiency power transmission parts. Given this background, lubricants have tended to decrease in viscosity. Therefore, it is expected that the low-viscosity state will be promoted by the rise in lubricant temperature during operation, thereby resulting in an increasingly harsher operating environment for bearings. For example, in electric vehicles, the rotation speed of the motor is increased by weight reduction and the greater efficiency of the drive units. Under such harsh environments, the working parts come into contact with one another and generate wear particles that can bring surface dents on the raceway. Furthermore, iron powder and scale may be accidentally brought to the surface of bearings for steel rolling mills, forming dents on the raceway. Surface dents are well known as a root cause of surface-originating premature flaking under rolling contact fatigue (RCF) in bearings. Previously reported results indicate that cracks are generated around the edge of the dent and then cause flaking because of crack propagation. Several previous studies proposed hypotheses on crack initiation mechanisms. However, there are few investigations of crack initiation mechanisms under a contaminated lubricating condition. In this study, the details of the crack generation process around dents were investigated so as to devise new countermeasures for further improvements in bearing steel materials. A rolling fatigue test was conducted in which hard steel particles were artificially introduced into the lubricant as foreign matter. Observation of the surface and cross sections of the specimen showed a causal relationship between the microscopic plastic deformation and crack initiation near the surface region around the dent. These findings are useful for developing countermeasures to strengthen steel against flaking that originates from a dent.
Increase of Readiness Level of a Powder Metallurgy Steel for Aerospace Applications
Authors: Sidoroff Christine , Bellus Jacques , Sehlstedt Viktor
Published: April 2024

The trends in the aerospace market of reducing fuel consumption and polluting emissions create the need to reduce the weight of mechanical components: for example, a reduction in bearing ring weight means that the ring steel must withstand greater loads. To significantly increase load-carrying ability, powder metallurgy (PM) steels have been considered in recent years as a consistent solution. At the last ASTM congresses, ASP2055, a PM steel presenting an interesting hardness-toughness compromise, was presented. In 2016, the potential of this steel for aerospace applications was demonstrated by a thorough analysis of the inclusion cleanliness and matrix mechanical properties regarding the subsurface performance. In 2019, the reliability of the process and properties regarding performance were discussed. This paper presents the readiness level increase in terms of both manufacturing and application performance. Since 2016, extensive work has been done at NTN Europe to qualify and quantify the performance of ASP2055 in rings for all-metal and hybrid aerospace bearings. The subsurface rolling contact fatigue (RCF) performance was already qualified in terms of inclusion cleanliness and matrix intrinsic mechanical properties. Additional tests were carried out under high load to confirm the high reliability of PM steelmaking. Rolling bearings of small size were manufactured to test the performance of ASP2055 in representative conditions and to test ASP2055 for other bearing functions (surface RCF and core properties). More recently, real-size turbine engine bearings were manufactured for representative manufacturing and testing. The lessons learned for the technology readiness level (TRL) and manufacturing readiness level (MRL) increase are presented in this paper.
The Necessary Fine-Tuning of Process Management and Controls for Metallic Transformations during Manufacturing of Bearings: Application to M50NiL Steel
Authors: Dubois Pierre-Emmanuel , Perrard Fabien
Published: April 2024

Steel components of bearings or constant velocity joint (CVJ) products are produced to meet numerous and sometimes conflicting requirements, such as performance, cost efficiency, quality, and carbon footprint or prosperous human development. Automotive, industry, and aerospace applications are all concerned with these challenges. The several steps of the manufacturing process must therefore be thoroughly understood and controlled to ensure the right level of targeted parameters at the right cost. For this purpose, studies have dealt with practical examples of such fine-tuning, considering fine metallurgical studies, methodology of controls, from the laboratory stage to the mass production stage. The present study deals with these issues in relation to case-carburized M50NiL steel to find the practical link between research and development and each manufacturing step, with the focus on the core and surface properties of components. In particular, grain size, residual stress profiles, microstructure, and precipitation were investigated due to their impact on the life duration of aerospace bearings. We first conducted a preliminary review of the existing literature containing published and quantitative data regarding the M50NiL grade. Then a test plan was carried out, and the results were analyzed using a thermodynamic approach and a quantitative analysis of precipitation linked to the manufacturing steps. The result was a better understanding of residual stress and core microstructure, making fine-tuning easier to achieve and adapt to customer demands. These results were obtained thanks to the efficient cooperation between metallurgists and manufacturing teams in considering the time to market for new developments.
Differences in Discounting Behavior and Brain Responses for Food and Money Reward
Authors: Markman M. , Saruco E. , Al-Bas S. , Wang B. A. , Rose J. , Ohla K. , Xue Li Lim S. , Schicker D. , Freiherr J. , Weygandt M. , Rramani Q. , Weber B. , Schultz J. , Pleger B.
Published: April 2024

Most neuroeconomic research seeks to understand how value influences decision-making. The influence of reward type is less well understood. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate delay discounting of primary (i.e., food) and secondary rewards (i.e., money) in 28 healthy, normal-weighted participants (mean age = 26.77; 18 females). To decipher differences in discounting behavior between reward types, we compared how well-different option-based statistical models (exponential, hyperbolic discounting) and attribute-wise heuristic choice models (intertemporal choice heuristic, dual reasoning and implicit framework theory, trade-off model) captured the reward-specific discounting behavior. Contrary to our hypothesis of different strategies for different rewards, we observed comparable discounting behavior for money and food (i.e., exponential discounting). Higherkvalues for food discounting suggest that individuals decide more impulsive if confronted with food. The fMRI revealed that money discounting was associated with enhanced activity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, involved in executive control; the right dorsal striatum, associated with reward processing; and the left hippocampus, involved in memory encoding/retrieval. Food discounting, instead, was associated with higher activity in the left temporoparietal junction suggesting social reinforcement of food decisions. Although our findings do not confirm our hypothesis of different discounting strategies for different reward types, they are in line with the notion that reward types have a significant influence on impulsivity with primary rewards leading to more impulsive choices.
The Analysis of Adjunct to Refusal Expressions in a Refusal Discourse: A Contrastive Study between Japanese Native Speakers and Indonesian Japanese Learners
Authors: Hayati Novia
Published: April 2024

The study reports on the analysis of Adjunct to Refusal Expressions used by Japanese Native Speaker (JNS) and Indonesian Japanese Learners (IJL) in a refusal discourse. The aims are to see whether both use Adjunct to Refusal Expressions in a refusal interaction and to observe what type of expressions they use when refusing in the interaction, investigating the similarities and differences in their use from the first refusal stage to the stage where the intent of refusal is accepted by the refusee. The mixed method research involved 60 participants consisting of 30 pairs JNS female university students and 30 pairs of IJL female university students. The male students were not involved in this study due to the lack numbers of those learning Japanese language in the university. IJL students represented beginner and intermediate levels (N5, N4, and N3). The data were collected by situating the participants in a role play based on the setting given while being videotaped. The setting is a refusal to a close friend’s request. The data were analyzed by using a semantic formula framework, focusing on Adjunct to Refusal expressions modified from Beebe et al (1990), Yoshida (2015) and Hayati (2020, 2023). The results showed that both JNS and IJL employed Adjunct to Refusal expressions in their refusal discourse. There was no significant difference in the use of Adjunct to Refusal by JNS and IJL with χ2(1) = 1.270, p = .2597. However, JNS used higher Adjunct to Refusal expressions (46,7%) than IJL (33,3%). Further, their preferences in using certain type of Adjunct to Refusal expressions were similar in that they highly used information request type, whereas the  differences could be seen from the absent use of confusion as Adjunct to refusal in JNS and that of backchannel response in IJL.
FSH, bone, belly and brain
Authors: Kim Se-Min , Sultana Farhath , Sims Steven , Gimenez-Roig Judit , Laurencin Victoria , Pallapati Anusha , Rojekar Satish , Frolinger Tal , Zhou Weibin , Gumerova Anisa , Macdonald Anne , Ryu Vitaly , Lizneva Daria , Korkmaz Funda , Yuen Tony , Zaidi Mone
Published: April 2024

The pituitary gland orchestrates multiple endocrine organs by secreting tropic hormones, and therefore plays a significant role in a myriad of physiological processes, including skeletal modeling and remodeling, fat and glucose metabolism, and cognition. Expression of receptors for each pituitary hormone and the hormone itself in the skeleton, fat, immune cells, and the brain suggest that their role is much broader than the traditionally attributed functions. FSH, believed solely to regulate gonadal function is also involved in fat and bone metabolism, as well as in cognition. Our emerging understanding of nonreproductive functions of FSH, thus, opens potential therapeutic opportunities to address detrimental health consequences during and after menopause, namely, osteoporosis, obesity, and dementia. In this review, we outline current understanding of the cross-talk between the pituitary, bone, adipose tissue, and brain through FSH. Preclinical evidence from genetic and pharmacologic interventions in rodent models, and human data from population-based observations, genetic studies, and a small number of interventional studies provide compelling evidence for independent functions of FSH in bone loss, fat gain, and congnitive impairment.
Proceso evolutivo de una organización de huerteros en la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina): el caso de la Asociación Civil Los Cirujas de La Matanza
Authors: Lombardo Patricia , Cevallos Ramírez Lucía
Published: April 2024

Due to the deepening of neoliberal policies in the 1990s, the labor market suffered changes that led to an increase in precariousness and unemployment, a drop in income, and an increase in poverty. In this context, the ProHuerta Program (Pro Vegetable Garden Program) was launched to facilitate access of the vulnerable population to a healthier and more diverse diet. In the district of La Matanza (province of Buenos Aires, Argentina), in 1996, some volunteer promoters of this program decided to create an association, the Cirujas Civil Association from La Matanza as an alternative organization, oriented to satisfy their needs and part of the Matanza community’s needs. The general objective of this study is to analyze the evolutionary process of this organizational experience as well as to understand its scope and contribution to community development. To this end, a case study was conducted following a qualitative approach.
Dostoevsky in the Literary Life of Armenia
Authors: Hovhannisyan Susanna
Published: April 2024

The article examines the path of Armenian Dostoevsky studies — starting from the 80s of the 19th century. It was then that interest in Dostoevsky’s work arose in Armenian literary circles — in particular, in the periodicals of Tiflis, K. Polis, Petersburg, Paris. At the origins of Armenian studies of the Russian writer are the editors of Armenian newspapers and magazines Arpiar Arpiaryan, Levon Bashalyan, and Arshak Chopanyan. For the first time to Dostoevsky’s work contacted the editor of Tiflis newspaper “Mshak” Grigor Artsruni in 1880; he tried to consider the work of the novelist in the context of mysticism and religious views. And the first work of the Russian writer in the Armenian language was the story “Notes from the Dead House,” which was printed in 1885 in the weekly “Araks” published in Petersburg. The first work of the Russian writer translated into Armenian was the story “The Boy at Christ’s Christmas Tree,” published in 1886 in the Constantinople newspaper “Masis.” The translation was not signed. In 1892, in the St. Petersburg bulletin “Araks” were published “Notes from the House of the Dead.” The unknown translator left the work unfinished. The new translation of the story was done by Yervand Otyan. In subsequent years, the works of Dostoevsky were translated by K. Mirianyan, Shirvanzade, S. Shalchyan, G. Lerentz, K. Surenyan, A. Mazmanyan, A. Mekhakyan, A. Hovhannisyan and others. The writer’s death became an occasion for new reflections on his life and work. At the next stage of Armenian history, at the beginning of the 20th century, discussions about the novelist’s work became more often, lectures and discussions were organized at the literary evenings of the Caucasian Society of Armenian Writers. Many Armenian writers and critics recognized the influence of Dostoevsky not only on their creativity, but also on world perception (A. Oshakan, K. Surenyan, Nar-Dos, Shirvanzade). Some of them became translators of Dostoevsky (Surenyan, Shirvanzade), and some initiated new translations (Arpiaryan, Chopanyan). In the second half of the 20th century, Karpis Surenyan, Levon Mkrtchyan and Karen Stepanyan became the most important actors of the Armenian Dostoevsky studies. Remarkable typological and comparative parallels were drawn between Dostoevsky and Mickiewicz, Narekatsi, Shakespeare, Tolstoy, Schiller, Cervantes and other authors.
Apollon Maikov and Fyodor Dostoevsky: the Unfulfilled Idea of Short Stories from Russian History
Authors: Andrianova Irina , Sedelnikova Olga
Published: April 2024

The article examines the creative history of short stories from the Russian history of Apollon Maikov on the basis of epistolary sources and archival materials. The idea of the work emerged in the author’s mind in a discussion with Fyodor Dostoevsky: in letters of 1867–1869 they reflected on Russia’s past and future, the work on the translation of the “Tale about Igor’s Campaign,” the need to create a textbook living history, the central event of which would be the spread of Christianity in Russia. In correspondence with Maikov, Dostoevsky outlined the concept of epics as a literary genre capable of expressing the essence of Russian history and “serving to revive the self-consciousness of the Russian people” and delineated the turning points of history that determined the future of the country. Maikov conceived another version of the description of Russia’s past — a cycle of ten to twelve historical short stories “for children and the people.” He recorded the plan of the work point by point in papers dating from 1868, and outlined it to Dostoevsky in an April letter for 1869. In separate short stories, he intended to reveal the deeds of Alexander Nevsky, Metropolitans Peter and Alexy, Dmitry Donskoy, Ioann III, Ivan the Terrible, Ermak, St. Sergius of Radonezh, Peter I, Catherine II, Suvorov, the events of 1812, the Crimean War and the liberation of the peasants. The author planned to tell the reader about the main events of Russian history and the patriots of Russia, to reveal the supreme destiny of its historical path, the prerequisites for the formation of the Russian national character, to highlight the idea of unity and integrity of all Russian territories. To realize the idea, Maikov processed chronicle legends, epics, folklore sources (for example, anecdotes about Peter I), the works of historians (I. D. Belyaev, K. P. Pobedonostsev, etc.). He thought out the plots in detail, worked through them repeatedly (which is confirmed by the preserved cycle plans for 1868 and 1881), but released from print only two short stories in 1869 (the second story includes four separate plots). Neither Dostoevsky nor Maikov succeeded in carrying out their plans for historical works. But their plans testify to a common understanding of the historical path of Russia — the path of preserving the Orthodox Christian truth in the struggle for identity and independence. Conscious of their moral duty to the fatherland, they considered it their duty to convey to readers the need to feel Russian and the right to be proud of the history of this great country.
Who Was the Author of the Pastel Portraits of Dostoevsky’s Parents? (from New Explorations of the Writer’s Genealogy
Authors: Tikhomirov Boris
Published: April 2024

The article introduces into scientific circulation the archival documents stored in the Central State Archive of Moscow and dedicated to the relatives of F. M. Dostoevsky — his greatuncle (grandmother’s older brother) Vasily Mikhailovich Kotelnitsky and his wife Nadezhda Andreevna, nee Rumyantseva. This is a metric certificate of the wedding on February 4, 1806 in the Transfiguration Church of Moscow, as well as a marriage search compiled by the clergy of the specified church. In the latter document, the list of the guarantors for the groom, along with Dostoevsky’s own grandfather Fyodor Timofeevich Nechaev and his brother-in-law (married to sisters) Andrey Gavrilovich Tikhomirov, includes the “drawing teacher” Fyodor Ivanovich Popov. Using other archival documents (metric records, confession sheets), the author of the article substantiates that this person is the artist Popov (whose name had remained unknown up to this day), who in 1823 painted the famous pastel portraits of Maria and Mikhail Dostoevsky — the parents of the writer — and who, according to Andrei Dostoevsky, was in some kind of relationship with their mother, Maria Fedorovna. The article also provides other data (approximate age, places of service) about the artist Fyodor Ivanovich Popov and his wife Evlampia Nikolaevna (nee Chestnova or Chesnova).
Omsk Dostoevsky: Memorable Places, Problems of Restoration and Museumification
Authors: Konovalov Igor , Panyukova Tatiana
Published: April 2024

Omsk is the city where F. M. Dostoevsky served a penal sentence in 1850–1854 and where the “rebirth of his beliefs” occurred. In the first part of the article, Dostoevsky’s memorable sites in Omsk are revealed based on the impressions of the writer himself, as reflected in “Notes from the Dead House” and “Siberian Notebook,” memoir, epistolary, local history and archival sources (Article lists of prisoners of the Omsk prison (ostrog) and maps and plans of the Omsk fortress, stored in the Russian State Military Historical Archive, metric books of Omsk, stored in the Historical archive of the Omsk region). Through the Tara fortress gate, prisoners arrived at the Omsk prison (ostrog); and through the Tobolsk fortress gate, they went to menial jobs. The house of the engineer general have been preserved, who was in charge of prison work (it also housed the engineering office, where Dostoevsky worked as a scribe), as were the complex of the military hospital, where prisoners were treated and had the opportunity to read and write, and where the “Siberian Notebook” was created, the fortress of the Resurrection Military Cathedral, where they were taken for church services and whose rectors nursed the prisoners, and the house of Platz-Major V. G. Krivtsov and the house of the commandant of the Omsk fortress A. F. de Grave. The second part of the article, arranged as a tour of Dostoevsky’s sites in Omsk, describes the history and current state of all identified objects in the same order from the point of view of the restorer and architect. Some loci have disappeared irrevocably; some have been restored for the anniversary of the writer; some of them do not have the status of a monument of history and culture. The task of professional restoration, conservation and museumification of all the memorable sites in Omsk has been set to create a single memorial route “Dostoevsky’s Omsk.”
REGULATIONS OF THE FORMATION OF PROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF UNDERGROUND STEEL PIPELINES UNDER CONDITIONS OF HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Dnipro University of Technology, Dmytro Yavornytskiy Ave., 19, Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine, Aziukovskyi О.О. , Papaika Yu.А. ,   Dnipro University of Technology, Dmytro Yavornytskiy Ave., 19, Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine, Gorev V.N. ,   Dnipro University of Technology, Dmytro Yavornytskiy Ave., 19, Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine, Babenko N.V. ,   Dnipro University of Technology, Dmytro Yavornytskiy Ave., 19, Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine
Published: April 2024

In the work, the modeling of the distribution of the protective potential of electrochemical protection stations is performed by revealed functional dependencies. The initial conditions are adopted for a typical assortment of rolled metal used for underground gas supply. At the initial stage of modeling, the stochastic nature of the change in soil parameters is not taken into account. The distribution of the protective potential of the underground pipeline as a function of two variables (time and distance) showed the mutual influence of neighboring stations on the formation of protective zone. New dependences of the operating parameters of the electrotechnical complex of electrochemical protection on the set of variables characterizing the power source, the physical dimensions of pipeline and the alternative arrangement of active cathodic protection stations (CPS) were obtained. Experimental studies of the modes of electrochemical protection stations at the objects of the gas transportation system of Ukraine confirmed the adequacy of the proposed analytical models. References 16, Figures 3.
SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT FOR THE CREATION OF HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS OF A RESONANCE TYPE WITH HIGH-SPEED CONTROL AND PARAMETRIC STABILIZATION OF LOAD MODES
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteiskyi Ave., 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Shcherba A.A. , Vinnychenko D.V. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteiskyi Ave., 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Suprunovska N.I. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteiskyi Ave., 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: April 2024

A new scientific concept has been developed for the creation of high-voltage electro-technical systems (ETS) of a reso-nant type based on the implementation in them of series high-quality inductive-capacitive circuits (ICC) and high-frequency (HF) resonant currents. This makes it possible to repeatedly increase the alternating voltage on the reactive elements of the ICC and on the load connected in parallel to one of the elements, and to ensure a significant decrease in the impulse energy of the ETS without changing their average power, as well as to increase the speed of control and parametric stabilization of the load modes of the ETS even with a rapid decrease in the electrical resistance of this load to almost zero, as in the case of electrical breakdown of its insulation. The generation of resonant currents with a fre-quency of up to 40 kHz in the ICC, which has a coil with an inductance of ~ 25 mH and a Q factor up to 270 (made of multi-core twisted copper wires of the " litzendraht " type) and a ceramic capacitor with a capacity of ~ 3.5 nF and a Q factor > 1000, ensures the realization of the QICC up to 260 and the corresponding increase in the ratio of the ETS out-put voltage to the input voltage without the use of step-up transformers. When connecting such an ETS to a source of alternating voltage of 220 V, a voltage of up to 40 kV can be generated at the output of the ETS. A significant increase in the frequency of currents leads to a significant decrease in the mass-dimensional characteristics of ETS and the pos-sibility of creating their samples mobile (weighing up to 5 kg), and if necessary, autonomous, in particular with power supply from batteries. The new scientific concept is aimed at creating a resonance-type ETS for safe and reliable moni-toring and diagnostics of the technical condition of high-voltage insulation of power cables, powerful electric machines and other energy objects of the critical infrastructure of Ukraine. Such ETS can also be effectively used for charging to high voltages capacitive energy storage (CES) in technological installations for the production of electro-spark micro- and nano-powders with unique properties, as well as for high-voltage electro-hydro-pulse processing of various mate-rials and environments. It has been established that the power of these ETS increases with a decrease in the ratio of the capacitances of the capacitors ICC and CES. References 40, figures 4.
RESEARCH OF TRANSIENT PROCESSES IN AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT WITH A LED
Authors:   Ternopil I. Puluj National Technical University,  Mykulynetska Str. 46, Ternopil, 46005, Ukraine, Andriychuk V.A. , Kostyk L.M. ,   Ternopil I. Puluj National Technical University,  Mykulynetska Str. 46, Ternopil, 46005, Ukraine, Filiuk Y.O. ,   Ternopil I. Puluj National Technical University,  Mykulynetska Str. 46, Ternopil, 46005, Ukraine, Nakonechnyi M.S. ,   Ternopil I. Puluj National Technical University,  Mykulynetska Str. 46, Ternopil, 46005, Ukraine
Published: April 2024

The following documents presents the culmination of theoretical and innovative studies of transient processes in electric technology with a separate LED and their serial, parallel and varied connection. It becomes apparent that the dynamics of current growth in a circuit with an LED has no significant changes when switching from a single LED to their parallel and series connection. Furthermore, the rise time of the current is much longer than the time of its fall. Comparing the dynamics of the current drop in the circuit and the voltage applied to the LED, is shown that they intersect. The suggested equivalent circuit of the LED, represented by the parallel link of the capacitor Cd and resistance Rd connected to the series resistance RS, is in good concurrent with theoretical calculations of transient processes and with the obtained innovative outcomes. The main task in the value of the time constant τ of the transient process is played by the capacitance of the capacitor Сd, which is ascertained by the diffuse capacitance of the heterojunction. Based upon obtained results, it was established that the maximum pulse power frequency of LED lighting devices is 8‧105 Hz. References 11, figures 5, table 1.
Laboratory Changes During Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy in Transgender Adolescents
Authors: Millington Kate , Lee Janet Y. , Olson-Kennedy Johanna , Garofalo Robert , Rosenthal Stephen M. , Chan Yee-Ming
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES

Guidelines for monitoring of medications frequently used in the gender-affirming care of transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) adolescents are based on studies in adults or other medical conditions. In this study, we aimed to investigate commonly screened laboratory measurements in TGD adolescents receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT).

METHODS

TGD adolescents were recruited from 4 study sites in the United States before beginning GAHT. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, hemoglobin A1c, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, prolactin, and potassium were abstracted from the medical record at baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months after starting GAHT.

RESULTS

Two-hundred and ninety-three participants (68% designated female at birth) with no previous history of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog use were included in the analysis. Hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased in adolescents prescribed estradiol (−1.4 mg/dL and −3.6%, respectively) and increased in adolescents prescribed testosterone (+1.0 mg/dL and +3.9%) by 6 months after GAHT initiation. Thirteen (6.5%) participants prescribed testosterone had hematocrit > 50% during GAHT. There were no differences in hemoglobin A1c, alanine transaminase, or aspartate aminotransferase. There was a small increase in prolactin after 6 months of estradiol therapy in transfeminine adolescents. Hyperkalemia in transfeminine adolescents taking spironolactone was infrequent and transient if present.

CONCLUSIONS

Abnormal laboratory results are rare in TGD adolescents prescribed GAHT and, if present, occur within 6 months of GAHT initiation. Future guidelines may not require routine screening of these laboratory parameters beyond 6 months of GAHT in otherwise healthy TGD adolescents.
Construcción del Concepto de Seguridad del Paciente como Dimensión de la Calidad en el Contexto de la Atención Cerrada
Authors: Machuca Contreras Felipe Aliro
Published: April 2024

Introduccion: La calidad asistencial ha generado un cambio significativo en el lenguaje y en el actuar frente a nuestro quehacer clinico. La seguridad del paciente como dimensión de la calidad, es un factor clave en la construcción del concepto en nuestro personal clinico. Objetivo: Describir la conceptualización semántica del término seguridad del paciente en personal clinico intrahospitalario. Metodologia: Se realiza un estudio cuantitativo - descriptivo bajo el método de conceptualizacion semántica, que busca establecer redes mentales. Las redes mentales naturales nos hablan de aproximaciones psicológicas, que nos entregan una percepción personal frente a un determinado estímulo que las hace estructurarlas. Resultados: Para el término seguridad del paciente, el valor J es de 219 que demuestra la riqueza semántica del término para los participantes, el conjunto SAM esta dado en orden de jerarquía por los términos atención (FMG=100%), protección (FMG=90%), bienestar (FMG=87%), cuidado (FMG=74%), tranquilidad (FMG=66%), confianza (FMG=56%), contención (FMG=53%), prevención (FMG=51%), calidad (FMG=46%) y respetar (FMG=43%). Conclusiones: Frente al estudio, los resultados son aclaratorios: existe una construcción del concepto en una fase inicial. Es por esta razón, que se hace necesario difundir y ampliar los conocimientos de este concepto para lograr en futuros estudios, conceptualizaciones semánticas del término seguridad del paciente, con mayor riqueza, claridad y concreción. Y no tan amplios, basados en lineamientos y políticas, como en el presente estudio. Lograr una conceptualización operativa y funcional del concepto seguridad del paciente, proporciona una mejor base para lograr paulatinamente una cultura de seguridad.
Proceso Enfermero en la infección por COVID-19: y entonces, ¿Cómo procedemos?
Authors: Canova-Barrios Carlos , Salvador Samanta
Published: April 2024

La epidemia iniciada en diciembre del 2019 en Wuhan, China, ha captado la atención de la comunidad científica internacional debido a la gran cantidad de afectados. El microorganismo fue categorizado como el SARS-CoV2, y su enfermedad asociada, COVID-19. Actualmente, preocupa la cantidad de información sin sustento científico que circula, la baja adherencia a las recomendaciones realizadas para minimizar la transmisión y la poca experiencia/conocimiento de los profesionales de enfermería en el manejo de este tipo de patologías. Lo anterior, motivó la realización de la presente revisión narrativa, la cual se centró en las bases de datos Pubmed, Science Direct y páginas oficiales de organismos como la Organización Mundial de la Salud y los Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades.
Intervención educativa acerca del conocimiento de infecciones de transmisión sexual en adolescentes cubanos
Authors: Álvarez Contino José Erik
Published: April 2024

Se realizó un estudio de intervención educativa de tipo cuasi- experimental, sin grupo control, con diseño de antes y después, sobre Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual con 81 adolescentes que estudian en el Primer Año del Instituto Preuniversitario de Unidad Proletaria del Municipio de Cifuentes en el período comprendido de junio del 2016 a junio del 2017, con el objetivo de proporcionar conocimientos sobre dichas infecciones en estos adolescentes previa caracterización de estos. La información se obtuvo por el método de encuesta, a través de la aplicación del cuestionario, aplicado al inicio y después de la intervención educativa. Los principales resultados fueron: predominaron las edades entre 16 y 17 años y los del sexo masculino, conocimiento sobre el SIDA y las formas de transmisión. Dentro de las necesidades de aprendizaje antes de la intervención tenemos concepto de Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual, métodos utilizados para prevenirlas, así como el momento de colocación del condón. Se concluye que la intervención educativa fue efectiva ya que proporcionó un mayor nivel de conocimientos sobre Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual a un mayor número de adolescentes y se recomienda continuar realizando intervenciones educativas sobre el tema en otros centros de nuestra red de enseñanza nacional.
Percepción de Jóvenes Trans entre 10 a 29 años respecto a la atención que reciben en los dispositivos de la Red de Salud de la región de Tarapacá.
Authors: Arlegui Segura Kimberly Orit , Loyola Espinosa Nicolás Alberto , Morales Zordan Daniela Patricia , Luna Fica Daniela Yuckary , Vigueras Cherres Patricia
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Comprender experiencias, percepciones, proceso de transición y vivencias de las personas transgénero en su entorno y centros asistenciales de salud. Una persona trans es un individuo que no se siente identificado con su sexo asignado al nacer y por este motivo, toma medidas físicas, psicológicas y sociales para alcanzar un estado de plenitud. A pesar de los avances por parte del Gobierno de Chile, no se generan cambios sustantivos en la atención. Surge la interrogante ¿Cuál es la percepción de jóvenes transgénero con respecto a la atención que reciben en los establecimientos de salud? ¿Son atingentes estos avances respecto a sus necesidades? Metodología: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, con un estudio exploratorio y un muestreo pragmático de 12 jóvenes entre 10 a 29 años, residentes en la región de Tarapacá, respetando en todo momento la confidencialidad de los participantes. Resultados: Los y las participantes concuerdan en que existe discriminación en la atención, asociada a la deficiencia de información, falta de voluntad por aprender y de prejuicios por parte del personal de salud. Conclusiones: La salud es un derecho universal y toda persona debe recibir una atención íntegra, de calidad y ajustándose a sus necesidades específicas; la enfermería es una ciencia y un arte que necesita estar en constante evolución, adaptándose a los cambios biopsicosociales de la población, humanizando la atención y valorando de forma holística a todas las personas.
¿Cómo facilitar el aprendizaje por medio de los hallazgos de la neurociencia y recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia científica?
Authors: Palma Jara Mauricio
Published: April 2024

La ciencia es una forma de hacer preguntas al mundo y de escuchar sus respuestas; nunca sabremos todo, pero eso no quiere decir que no sepamos nada. En la actualidad, la ciencia por medio de la educación ha entregado avances científicos que buscan romper paradigmas, mitos y sobrellevar una lucha constante con aquellos que se oponen al cambio, evitando incorporar o tomar en consideración las nuevas evidencias y refugiándose en antiguas creencias. Un claro ejemplo, son las vacunas para evitar la propagación del COVID-19 y que la ciencia ha demostrado por medio de ensayos clínicos, seguimiento y análisis de los datos, que las vacunas son seguras y eficaces. Sin embargo, hay quienes lo niegan y no se vacunan. Esto está demostrando que para un cierto porcentaje de la población las evidencias son necesarias pero no suficientes a la hora de tomar decisiones y responde al resultado de los mecanismos neurofisiológicos y emocionales que componen el aprendizaje y con ello, nuestro comportamiento. Es deber de la educación, promover una formación basada en las evidencias, derribar mitos y buscar una mejora continua que impactará significativamente en nuestra conducta.
Implementación de una unidad de enfermería de acceso vascular: ¿por dónde comenzar?
Authors: Ramírez Aguilera Nicolás , Quintanilla Reyes Marcela
Published: April 2024

La conformación de equipos de acceso vascular en el mundo ha estado acompañada de múltiples beneficios reportados, tanto para las personas portadoras de dispositivos vasculares como para las organizaciones de salud, demostrado en la implementación de algoritmos de decisión para la selección del dispositivos vasculares, mayor satisfacción usuaria, menos dolor durante el procedimiento de instalación, disminución de complicaciones asociadas al acceso vascular, fortalecimiento de la monitorización y seguimiento de eventos adversos asociado al uso de catéteres venosos y ahorro económicos para los establecimientos hospitalarios. En Chile, existen diferentes intentos de conformación o modelos iniciales de equipos de acceso vascular sin reporte de estas. El objetivo general de este articulo es describir en forma general los recursos para implementar una unidad de acceso vascular en hospitales públicos, a través de la revisión de literatura disponible en diferentes bases de datos durante enero-julio 2023, con el propósito de ofrecer una guía inicial para la implementación de unidades de acceso vascular en nuestro país. La conformación de estas unidades ha sido heterogénea y diversa, sin embargo, caracterizada con un propósito común de fortalecer la seguridad del paciente a través de prácticas basadas en evidencia para la instalación y mantención de dispositivos vasculares. Uno de los aspectos clave es la necesidad de contar con un equipo de enfermería especializado, con los recursos materiales y físicos necesarios, tiempo de dedicación exclusiva de los integrantes del equipo, indicadores sensibles de la unidad y anclado como una unidad estratégica para las instituciones de salud.
Comunicación en Vacunas: una mirada crítica sobre su impacto en la sociedad
Authors: Albarracín Patricia Mabel
Published: April 2024

La comunicación efectiva en torno a las vacunas se ha convertido en un tema de relevancia mundial. Las vacunas son herramientas importantes para combatir las enfermedades y su eficacia no depende solo de la composición, sino también de la percepción pública y su aceptación. Dado que estas han sido objeto de desconfianza y desinformación, por lo cual, este articulo propone una reflexión crítica sobre la importancia de una comunicación transparente y basada en evidencia en torno a las vacunas, el papel de los medios y la sociedad en la formación de percepciones, y las estrategias para mejorar la confianza del público. Los medios de comunicación, con su inmenso alcance e influencia, tienen el deber de promover la precisión y la veracidad, especialmente en temas tan vitales. La desinformación y la desconfianza, exacerbadas por sesgos cognitivos y rumores, pueden poner en peligro los avances en salud pública, lo que insiste en la necesidad de una comunicación clara, transparente y basada en evidencia. Para enfrentar estos desafíos, es esencial adoptar estrategias interdisciplinarias que involucren educación, compromiso comunitario y colaboración intersectorial. La salud y el bienestar de las sociedades futuras dependerán, en gran medida, de cómo abordemos estos problemas en la intersección de la ciencia, la comunicación y la percepción pública. En última instancia, el objetivo es garantizar que cada individuo esté equipado con la información y el entendimiento necesarios para tomar decisiones informadas sobre su salud y la de su comunidad.
Solving the Multilingualism Problem in the International Scientific and Technical Information Space
Authors: Kolin Konstantin Konstantinovich , Khoroshilov Alexanser Alexeevich , Kan Anna Vladimirovna , Nikitin Yuri Viktorovich
Published: April 2024

The solution to the problem of multilingualism in the international scientific and technical information space is connected with machine translation (MP) technologies. The translation process within the framework of the concept of phraseological conceptual translation of texts can be represented as the process of transmitting the semantic content of the source text by means of the output language. Within the framework of this concept, the translation of texts is provided by the conceptual analysis of the source text and the transformation of its semantic content into the target language. This approach is based on understanding the laws of the functioning of natural languages and theoretical ideas about the semantic structure of texts. The basis of the approach is the technology of automated formation of thematic dictionary bases that adequately reflect the conceptual composition of various thematic areas.
RaceHunter Dynamic Data Race Detector
Authors: Gerlits Evgeny Anatol'evich
Published: April 2024

Data races are a class of concurrency errors where two threads access a shared memory location without proper synchronization. Data races are hard to reveal and debug. This paper presents RaceHunter - a dynamic data race detection technique which monitors executions of shared memory concurrent programs, discovers pairs of conﬂicting memory accesses and systematically veriﬁes them for data races. RaceHunter does not report false data races when the target software exploits non-standard synchronization primitives or unknown synchronization protocols and can ﬁnd data races missed by other techniques. Dynamic data race detectors can monitor continuous, e.g. real-life, program executions or they can verify relatively short program executions, e.g. organized by system tests. The latter is the primary use case scenario for RaceHunter.
Mercado do Bolhão
Authors: Starin Dawn
Published: April 2024

Provides a history of the the Mercado do Bolhão, the market in Portugal's second largest city, Porto which was declared a UNESCO world heritage site in 2006. Since publication of this paper the market's future was temporarily in limbo but funding was secured for extensive renovations which took place over 4 years, and it was re-opened in 2022. The article includes many illustrations of the old facility and its stalls.
How to Eat Crayfish, Stockholm, 1884
Authors: Sayers William
Published: April 2024

In earlier notes in these pages the author has considered how literary scenes of food vending and dining could become vehicles for social criticism. In this article, he provides a translation of a scene from August Strindberg's short story ‘Needs must’ (‘Måste’) which was published in 1884 as part of a collection of short stories, Getting Married (Giftas). In the scene a solitary diner, a schoolmaster, orders crayfish, not for the first time.
Charmaine O’Brien: The Colonial Kitchen: Australia, 1788–1901
Authors: Santich Barbara
Published: April 2024

Charmaine O’Brien: The Colonial Kitchen: Australia, 1788–1901: Rowman & Littlefield, 2016: 197 pp., hardback, £49.95.
Od kodowania na dywanie do Scratcha – rozwijanie umiejętności używania języka wizualnego u dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym i młodszym szkolnym
Authors: Rzońca Ewelina , Warchoł Tomasz
Published: April 2024

W edukacji wczesnoszkolnej zadaniem nauczyciela jest dbanie o holistyczny rozwój każdego ucznia. W obowiązującej podstawie programowej na tym etapie edukacyjnym duży nacisk kładzie się na rozwijanie umiejętności krytycznego i logicznego myślenia, rozumowania, argumentowania i wnioskowania. Rozwijanie tych umiejętności możliwe jest właśnie poprzez wprowadzanie już w początkowym etapie zabaw na macie do kodowania, które w kolejnym etapie zamienia się na konkretny wizualny język programowania. Autorzy artykułu swoją uwagę koncentrują na przedstawieniu praktycznych rozwiązań, które pomogą w rozwijaniu wskazanych w podstawie programowej umiejętności poprzez posługiwanie się wizualnym językiem programowania. Proponowane działania pozwalają dokonać transferu mat, dywanów, środowisk programistycznych, tj. ScratchJr do edukacji wczesnoszkolnej.
Jak w „Tetris” – organizacja czasu i pracy nauczycieli akademickich innowatorów: relacja z badań
Authors: Okraj Zofia
Published: April 2024

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest prezentacja wyników badań nad jednym z aspektów twórczej pracy dydaktycznej nauczycieli akademickich innowatorów, jakim jest organizacja ich czasu i pracy. W badaniach jakościowych wzięło udział 13 nauczycieli akademickich zajmujących się opracowywaniem, wdrażaniem i popularyzowaniem nowych i użytecznych rozwiązań dydaktycznych w obrębie paradygmatów, koncepcji, modeli, metod, technik i środków kształcenia. Na etapie projektowania i realizacji koncepcji badawczej zastosowano teorię ESA Howarda E. Grubera. W badaniach wykorzystano wielokrotne, deskryptywne studium przypadku, wywiady semistrukturyzowane oraz analizę publikacji badanych oraz zdjęć z prowadzonych przez nich zajęć dydaktycznych. Analiza i interpretacja uzyskanych wyników badań została przeprowadzona przy zastosowaniu modelu IPA. Po przeprowadzeniu analizy wyników badań udało się nakreślić indywidualne obrazy jednostkowych strategii organizacji czasu i pracy oraz wspólne dla wszystkich badanych prawidłowości w tym obszarze.