bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-Hit Wonders versus Hit Makers: Sustaining Success in Creative Industries
Authors: Berg Justin M.
Published: March 2022

Creative industries produce many one-hit wonders who struggle to repeat their initial success and fewer hit makers who sustain success over time. To develop theory on the role of creativity in driving sustained market success, I propose a path dependence theory of creators’ careers that considers creators’ whole portfolios of products over time and how their early portfolios shape their later capacity to sustain success. The main idea is that a creator’s path to sustained success depends on the creativity in their portfolio at the time of their initial hit—relatively creative portfolios give creators more options for leveraging their past portfolios while adapting to market changes, increasing their odds of additional hits. I tested the proposed theory using an archival study of the U.S. music industry from 1959–2010, including data on over 3 million songs by 69,050 artists, and the results largely support the hypotheses. Artists who reached their initial hits with relatively creative (novel or varied) portfolios were more likely to generate additional hits, but a novel portfolio was less likely to yield an initial hit than was a typical portfolio. These findings suggest that new creators face a tradeoff between their likelihood of initial versus sustained success, such that building a relatively creative early portfolio is a risky bet that can make or break a creator’s career.
Georgia Quality Improvement Programs Multi-Institutional Collection of Postoperative Opioid Data Using ACS-NSQIP Abstraction
Authors: Codner Jesse A , Falconer Elissa A , Ashley Dennis W , Sweeney John F , Saeed Muhammad I , Langer Jason M , Shaffer Virginia O , Finley Charles R , Solomon Gina , Sharma Jyotirmay
Published: March 2022

Background

Excessive postoperative opioid prescribing contributes to opioid misuse throughout the US. The Georgia Quality Improvement Program (GQIP) is a collaboration of ACS-NSQIP participating hospitals. GQIP aimed to develop a multi-institutional opioid data collection platform as well as understand our current opioid-sparing strategy (OSS) usage and postoperative opioid prescribing patterns.

Methods

This study was initiated 7/2019, when 4 custom NSQIP variables were developed to capture OSS usage and postoperative opioid oral morphine equivalents (OMEs). After pilot collection, our discharge opioid variable required optimization for adequate data capture and was expanded from a free text option to 4 drop-down selection variables. Data collection then continued from 2/2020-5/2021. Logistic regression was used to determine associations with OSS usage. Average OMEs were calculated for common general surgery procedures and compared to national guidelines.

Results

After variable optimization, the percentage where a total discharge prescription OME could be calculated increased from 26% to 70% ( P < .001). The study included 820 patients over 10 operations. There was a significant variation in OSS usage between GQIP centers. Laparoscopic cases had higher odds of OSS use (1.92 (1.38-2.66)) while OSS use had lower odds in black patients on univariate analysis (.69 (.51-.94)). On average 7 out of the 10 cases had higher OMEs prescribed compared to national guidelines recommendations.

Conclusion

Developing a multi-institutional opioid data collection platform through ACS-NSQIP is feasible. Preselected drop-down boxes outperform free text variables. GQIP future quality improvement targets include variation in OSS use and opioid overprescribing.
Production and processing of pre-impregnated thermoplastic tapes by pultrusion and compression moulding
Authors: Esfandiari Puria , Silva João Francisco , Novo Paulo Jorge , Nunes João Pedro , Marques Antonió Torres
Published: March 2022

Although there is no doubt that composite materials are the future of lightweight structures and components, most of composites currently produced are made from thermoset polymers, which are not able to be recycled or reprocessed. In contrast, thermoplastic polymers offer the possibility to recycle and reprocess and when combined with a fibrous reinforcement, provide interesting mechanical properties. This work reviews the production of two thermoplastic pre-impregnated materials in a tape form, one of which is produced on new prototype equipment developed in our laboratories. The method for the production of tape is described, and the prepregs presented here were subjected to two processing techniques. The first processing method, pultrusion, is an efficient and autonomous method to produce composite profiles, marking itself as a continuous and cost-effective way to produce these materials. Pultrusion bars were then subjected to heated compression moulding, a process that allows to obtain more complex-shaped parts. The second method, heated compression moulding, is a relatively simple process which was used to obtain composite laminates. The pultrusion bars and composite laminates were then subjected to mechanical testing to evaluate the levels of consolidation of the final material. A microscope testing was also carried out to analyse the dispersion of fibres and polymer, as well as the amount of voids present in the composite.
Solving two-dimensional bioheat optimal control problem in solid and vessel domain by pseudospectral discretization
Authors: Dastyar Mohammad Ebrahim , Malek Alaeddin , Yousefi Sohrabali
Published: March 2022

In this paper, an optimal control problem subject to an energy transfer equation in thermally significant blood vessel coupled with the Pennes governing equation is solved. The proposed dynamical system is modeled by a system of conduction-reaction and convection-conduction equations. Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobatto (CGL) and Legendre–Gauss–Lobatto (LGL) points are applied to discretize optimal control problem. Then, the problem transferred into a quadratic programming problem using domain decomposition and matching the solution and its first derivative across the related interfaces. The Tikhonov regularization method is used to compute the optimal regularization parameter for the objective function. Some theories have been discussed to prove that the discrete problem has a solution and it is also consistent with the continuous problem. Numerical results are compared and numerical convergent is shown. Optimal and non-optimal external heat source is compared and it is shown that the mathematical modeling is effective in saving the external heat energy. Numerical results show that by this process of heating at the final time, the temperature is very close to the desired temperature without damaging the vessel domain. Numerical results and corresponding graphs are depicted.
Comparing Two Established Multimedia Approaches for Teaching Vocabulary to Students with and Without Disabilities
Authors: Kennedy Michael J. , McDonald Sean D. , Griendling Lindsay M. , VanUitert Victoria J. , Kunemund Rachel L.
Published: March 2022

Vocabulary is a critical building block for establishing mastery of content area knowledge. Two technology-based tools (InferCabulary and Content Acquisition Podcasts for Students [CAP-S]) have been found to have beneficial effects on students’ vocabulary knowledge, but efficacy of device features across varied presentation formats is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare InferCabulary and CAP-S on four measures of vocabulary performance. Fifth-grade students (n = 656) drawn from 30 classrooms across three states participated in one of three conditions to learn 100 new vocabulary terms. Teachers ( n = 30) taught student participants new word meanings via the InferCabulary program, CAP-S instructional slides, or their business-as-usual (BAU) approach to instruction. Results indicate that when students learned vocabulary using InferCabulary or CAP-S approaches, they significantly outperformed their peers who participated in BAU vocabulary instruction. In addition, students with disabilities in the CAP-S and InferCabulary conditions scored similarly to students without disabilities in the BAU condition on most measures. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Investigating the moderating role of coping style on music performance anxiety and perfectionism
Authors: McNeil Dominic G , Loi Natasha M , Bullen Rachel
Published: March 2022

Classical musicians are under constant pressure to perform at near perfect levels, and are highly vulnerable to the negative effects of music performance anxiety. This study aimed to examine the mechanisms by which two types of perfectionism (personal standards and evaluative concerns) relate to music performance anxiety, and to explore the moderating roles of active and avoidant coping on the relationship between these perfectionism types and music performance anxiety. A sample of 118 classical performing musicians (35 males, 82 females, 1 other; Mage = 42.00, SD = 14.68) were recruited to participate in an anonymous online questionnaire assessing music performance anxiety, coping and perfectionism. Results indicated that the two dimensions of perfectionism were positively associated with music performance anxiety. Personal standards perfectionism was associated with active coping, and evaluative concerns perfectionism with avoidant coping. Active coping moderated the relationship between personal standards perfectionism and performance anxiety, but only at high and medium levels. Contrary to the prediction, avoidant coping did not moderate the relationship between evaluative concerns perfectionism and performance anxiety. These findings highlight key relationships between music performance anxiety and the interaction of personal standards perfectionism and active coping.
Effects of spacing on flaming and smoldering firebrands in wildland–urban interface fires
Authors: Kwon Byoungchul , Liao Ya-Ting T
Published: March 2022

Firebrand (ember) attack has been shown to be one of the key mechanisms of wildfire spread into wildland–urban interface communities. After the firebrands land on a substrate material, the ignition propensity of the material depends on not only the attributes (e.g. shape, size, and numbers) but also the distribution of the firebrands. To help characterize this process, this study aims to investigate the effects of gap spacing on the burning behaviors of a group of wooden samples. Experiments are conducted using nine wooden cubes, 19 mm on each side. These samples are arranged in a 3 × 3 square pattern on suspension wires and are ignited by hot coils from the bottom surface. The gap spacing (s) between the samples varies in each test (ranging from 0 to 30 mm). After ignition, the samples are left to burn to completion. The burning process is recorded using video cameras. Sample mass loss and temperatures are monitored during the flaming and smoldering processes. The results show that the flame height and the sample mass loss rate have non-monotonic dependencies on the gap spacing. When the gap spacing reduces, the flame height and the mass loss rate first increase due to enhanced heat input from the adjacent flames to each sample. When s ≤ 10 mm, flames from individual samples are observed to merge into a single large fire. As s further decreases, the air entrainment at the flame bottom decreases and the flame lift-off distance at the flame center increases, resulting in an increased flame height, decreased flame heat feedback to the solid samples, and a decreased mass loss rate. The decreased mass loss rate eventually leads to a decrease in the flame height as well. The gaseous flame height is correlated to the solid burning rate. The correlation generally follows previous empirical equations for continuous fire sources. For the smoldering combustion, compared to a single burning sample, the smoldering temperature and duration significantly increase due to the thermal interactions between adjacent burning samples. To help interpret the results of the burning experiments, thermogravimetric analysis is also performed in air and nitrogen, resulting in heating rates ranging from 10 to 100 K/min.
Association Between Intimate Partner Violence and Suicidal Ideation Among Female and Male Adults in South Korea: A Nationally Representative Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kim Ranyeong , Yoon Jaehong , Kim Ji-Hwan , Lee Hyemin , Park Jooyoung , Kim Seung-Sup
Published: March 2022

This study sought to assess the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and to examine the sex-stratified associations between IPV and suicidal ideation in South Korea. This study used nationally representative longitudinal survey data from 2011 to 2020 of the Korean Welfare Panel Study of 9732 married adults at baseline. Participants were annually asked about IPV experiences of verbal abuse, physical threat, or physical assault over the past year in 2011–2019. Suicidal ideation in the past year was assessed in the following year 2012–2020 of IPV experiences. Using multilevel logistic regression models, we examined the associations between IPV and suicidal ideation among married adults. The prevalence of verbal abuse, physical threat, and physical assault was respectively 19.8%, 3.0%, and 1.4% in females ( n = 5056); and 18.8%, 2.7%, and 1.0% in males ( n = 4676). After adjusting for potential confounders (e.g., lifetime suicidal ideation and random effects of individuals and households) in the same year when participants had IPV experiences, all types of IPV experiences were statistically associated with suicidal ideation in the following year among both females and males, except for physical threat among males. We found a statistically significant association between physical threat and suicidal ideation among females (adjusted odds ratio: 2.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.62, 3.04), whereas no association was observed among males. Our findings suggest that public health interventions related to suicidal behaviors that can be attributable to experiencing IPV are necessary among both females and males in South Korea.
Research on automated parking perception based on a multi-sensor method
Authors: Yang Yifan , Huang Jiang , Sun Kai , Luo Hua , Ding Dailin
Published: March 2022

Traditional computer vision methods are used in the urban road environment, but they are vulnerable to environmental information interference and have low detection accuracy. To solve this problem, a multi-sensor method with strong anti-interference ability and desired detection accuracy is proposed in this paper. In this method, TensorFlow SSD-based deep learning is used to determine the approximate position of the parking space on a panoramic image with a marked rectangular box. In the rectangular box, grayscale, image filtering, morphological open operation, and binarization are conducted to preprocess the parking space image. Then, quadratic polynomial fitting is exploited to detect the parking lines. Next, the pixel to distance conversion formula is performed to obtain the distance coordinate of the corner relative to the vehicle center. Meanwhile, long-distance and narrow-beam angle ultrasonic radars are employed on the side of the vehicle to determine whether there is a barrier inside the parking space and detect the barrier’s position with fisheye cameras together, which helps to prevent collisions. Finally, real vehicle perception tests are conducted. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed multi-sensor method with parallel, perpendicular, and slanted parking space recognition can resist environmental information interference effectively and achieves desired recognition accuracy.
Barriers and enablers for young Aboriginal people in accessing public sexual health services: A mixed method systematic review
Authors: Ubrihien Ashley , Gwynne Kylie , Lewis David A
Published: March 2022

Background

A mixed method systematic review was undertaken to address the research question, Do young Australian Aboriginal people barriers in accessing public sexual health services? Aboriginal people are disproportionally affected by significantly higher incidence rates of sexually transmissible infections (STIs), compared to the rest of the Australian population. This problem is particularly acute for young people under 30 years of age who suffer from the consequences of STIs due to the number of sexual partners and challenges faced in accessing healthcare.

Methods

The study inclusion criteria were: papers published between January 1999 and September 2019 inclusive; published in any language, discussed healthcare barriers and facilitators; included people under 30 years of age; contained research with one or more of the following terms; Aboriginal, Health, Access, Barriers and Sexual Health; was published or discussed Australia research. Articles were extracted from MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, Proquest Social Sciences, Open Grey and NLM Bookshelf. An initial search identified 770 articles; 23 duplicate articles were removed. 642 were excluded for not meeting inclusion criteria following a title and abstract review of articles. 60 articles underwent full text review by two reviewers and 15 articles were included in analysis.

Results

This review found that novel approaches to service delivery such as incorporating STI testing into other targeted initiatives, providing self-testing kits and achieving high levels of cultural competency were key facilitators to access. Whereas location of services, inconsistent service provision, shame and differing levels of knowledge about the effects of STIs were key barriers.

Conclusions

This systematic review identified barriers and facilitators of access to sexual health services for Aboriginal young people. System level changes are needed to improve physical environments, service integration and consistent provision of culturally competent services. This review highlights the need for further research focussed on assessing the real-world pressures of young Aboriginal people and how healthcare providers can better offer a person-centred service.
Acceptability of routine domestic abuse enquiry within sexual health services
Authors: Platt Elizabeth , Hepworth Eleanor , Rayment Michael , Melendez-Torres G.J. , Duff Fiona , Cohen Charlotte
Published: March 2022

Background:

Our sexual health services (SHS) introduced routine domestic abuse (DA) enquiry in April 2018 following targeted staff training. A survey was undertaken to ascertain attitudes towards the initiative.

Methods:

Between October 2019 and March 2020, patients were invited to respond to an anonymous questionnaire by SMS. Clinical staff were emailed a separate survey.

Results:

The patient response rate was 40% (226/562): 72% (161/226) female, 80% (179/226) heterosexual, 19% (42) LGBT, 47% (106) aged 25-34 and 25% (57) aged 18-24. Almost all (97%, 220) recalled routine enquiry at their clinic appointment; 91% (206) felt comfortable when asked, and 95% (214) found this acceptable. Fifty-one staff responded (36% response rate), 67% (34) female, 55% (28) heterosexual, 35% (18) LGBT. 43% (22) were nurses, 31% (16) doctors, 12% (6) health advisers and 8% (4) healthcare assistants. The majority of staff 96% (49) were confident with conducting routine enquiry, 92% (47) agreed patients found it acceptable; 92% (47) felt routine enquiry was appropriate and 92% (47) had received targeted training.

Conclusion:

Respondents were overwhelmingly in favour of routine DA enquiry within SHS, and this initiative could be easily adapted in other specialties alongside staff training.
Effect of split injection strategies on diverse characteristics of a common rail direct injection diesel engine operating with diesel-palm oil-ethanol micro-emulsions
Authors: Qi Donghui , Li Kai , Zhang Chenxi , Wang Tao
Published: March 2022

This study investigated the effect of pilot injection timing (PIT) and pilot injection quantity (PIQ) on the performance of a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine with two-stage injection system operating with diesel-palm oil-ethanol micro-emulsions. The results indicated that, at low engine load, the maximum in-cylinder pressure (Pmax) and peak of heat release rate (HRR) of D35P35E30 were highest, and those of D100 were lowest. At high engine load, the Pmax of D100 was highest, that of D60P30E10 was lowest, and the peaks of HRR were almost identical for all test fuels. The Pmax and peak of HRR were slightly increased with the advance of PIT. Increasing PIQ increased the first peak of HRR and reduced the second one. At low engine load, the coefficient of variation (COV) of Pmax and the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) presented a slight decrease for the micro-emulsions, but did for D100 at high engine loads. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of the micro-emulsions was higher, and the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was also slightly higher when compared with diesel (D100). With the advance of PIT and the increase of PIQ, BSFC was increased, BTE was decreased, and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were reduced. The variation of PIT and PIQ had little effect on the particle number concentration (PNC), but had evident effect on nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. It was concluded that the micro-emulsions can be used to reduce NOx and particulate matter (PM) simultaneously combined with injection strategy in a diesel engine.
Evaluation in the field of early childhood development: A scoping review
Authors: Puinean Giulia , Gokiert Rebecca , Taylor Mischa , Jun Shelly , de Vos Pieter
Published: March 2022

Children’s early experiences and environments profoundly impact their development; therefore, ensuring the well-being of children through effective supports and services is critical. Evaluation is a tool that can be used to understand the effectiveness of early childhood development (ECD) practices, programs, and policies. A deeper understanding of the evaluation landscape in the ECD field is needed at this time. The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the state of evaluation in the ECD field across four constructs: community-driven evaluation, culturally responsive evaluation, evaluation capacity building, and evaluation use and influence. A comprehensive search of 7 electronic databases, including Canadian and international literature published in English from 2000 to 2020, was conducted. A total of 30 articles met the inclusion criteria. Findings demonstrate that some studies include aspects of a community-engaged approach to evaluation; however, comprehensive approaches to community-driven evaluation, culturally responsive evaluation, evaluation capacity building, and evaluation use in the field of ECD are not commonly achieved. This review will inform strategies for bridging evaluation gaps in the ECD sector, ultimately equipping organisations with the evaluative tools to improve practices, programs, and policies that impact the children, families, and communities they serve.
An enhanced adaptive-LQR procedure for under-actuated systems using relative-rate feedback to dynamically reconfigure the state-weighting-factors
Authors: Saleem Omer
Published: March 2022

This paper synthesizes an innovative nonlinear-type self-adaptive Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) to enhance the robustness of under-actuated systems against bounded exogenous disturbances by using the relative-rate and state-error feedback. The control procedure is realized by augmenting the generic LQR with an online reconfiguration block that acts as a superior regulator to dynamically adjust the state-weighting-factors associated with the quadratic-performance index. The Riccati Equation uses the modified state-weighting-factors to re-compute the LQR problem and delivers the time-varying state-feedback gains. The said weighting-factors are adaptively modulated via a conventional state-error-magnitude-driven adaptation law that is retrofitted with auxiliary relative-rate-driven reconfiguration blocks. These blocks utilize error acceleration to deduce the response speed and thus re-adjust the variation rate of the weights in real time. This arrangement reinforces the controller’s adaptability to flexibly manipulate the tightness of the applied control effort. The proposed scheme is analyzed by conducting real-time hardware experiments on the QNET Rotary Pendulum. The experimental outcomes validate the superior position-regulation and disturbance-rejection behavior of the proposed scheme.
A Novel Hemodynamic Index of Post-operative Right Heart Dysfunction Predicts Mortality in Cardiac Surgical Patients
Authors: Knio Ziyad O. , Thiele Robert H. , Wright W. Zachary , Mazimba Sula , Naik Bhiken I. , Hulse Matthew C.
Published: March 2022

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate whether mortality following cardiac surgery was associated with the pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi): pulmonary artery pulse pressure divided by central venous pressure (CVP), and a novel index: mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) minus CVP.

Methods

This retrospective analysis investigated all cardiac surgery patients in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons registry at a single academic medical center from January 2017 through March 2020 (n = 1510). The primary and secondary outcomes were mortality at 1 year and serum creatinine increase during index surgical admission, respectively. CVP, mPAP, PAPi, mPAP-CVP gradient, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and cardiac index (CI) were sampled continually from invasive hemodynamic monitors post-operatively. Associations with mortality were tested with univariate and multivariate analyses. The relationship with serum creatinine was investigated with Pearson’s correlation at alpha = .05.

Results

One-year mortality was observed in 44/1200 patients (3.7%). On univariate analysis, mortality was associated with minimums for mPAP, MAP, and CI and maximums for CVP, mPAP, PAPi, mPAP-CVP gradient, and CI (all P < .10). Model selection revealed that the only independently predictive parameters were minimum MAP (AOR = .880 [.819–.944]), maximum mPAP-CVP gradient (AOR = 1.082 [1.031–1.133]), and maximum CI (AOR = 1.421 [.928–2.068]), with model c-statistic = .770. A maximum mPAP-CVP gradient >20.5 predicted mortality with 54.5% sensitivity and 79.30% specificity, maintaining significance on survival analysis ( P < .001). Peak increase in serum creatinine from baseline demonstrated a weak association with all parameters (max |r| = .33).

Conclusions

Mortality was not predicted by the post-operative PAPi; rather, it was independently predicted by the mPAP-CVP gradient, MAP, and CI.
Feeding the Trolling: Understanding and Mitigating Online Trolling Behavior as an Unintended Consequence
Authors: Golf-Papez Maja , Veer Ekant
Published: March 2022

Trolling is a form of consumer misbehavior that involves deliberate, deceptive, and mischievous attempts to provoke reactions from other online users. This research draws on actor-network theory to explore the assemblages of human and non-human entities that allow and perpetuate online trolling behaviors. By taking a practice-focused multi-sited ethnographic research approach, the research shows that online trolling is often an unintended consequence of interactions between human and non-human entities that are joined in the performance of trolling behavior. These entities include: troll(s), target(s), a medium of exchange, audience(s), other trolls, trolling artifacts, regulators, revenue streams, and assistants. Some of these actors (i.e., troll, target, medium) are playing a role in initiating, and other actors are (un)intentionally sustaining trolling by celebrating it, boosting it, facilitating it, and normalizing it. The findings highlight the role of nontraditional actors in the performance of misbehaviors and suggest that effective management of online consumer misbehaviors such as trolling will include managing the socio-technical networks that allow and fuel these misbehaviors.
Radiologically isolated aquaporin-4 antibody neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Abdel-Mannan Omar , Klein Ainat , Bachar Zipori Anat , Ben-Sira Liat , Fattal-valevski Aviva , Hacohen Yael , Meirson Hadas
Published: March 2022

Aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-Ab) Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is a rare neuroinflammatory syndrome presenting predominantly with optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. We report a case of radiologically isolated longitudinally extensive optic neuritis in an asymptomatic 12-year-old female with positive serum AQP4-Ab, with resolution of imaging changes after immune therapy. By contrast to patients with radiologically isolated syndrome, of which some will never convert to multiple sclerosis, the pathogenicity of AQP4-Ab in the context of sub-clinical disease, supported treatment in our patient. Given the severe morbidity in AQP4-Ab NMOSD, prognostic biomarkers for disease severity are required to guide optimal therapy for patients.
Parental drinking, mental health and education, and extent of offspring’s healthcare utilisation for anxiety/depression: A HUNT survey and registry study
Authors: Lund Ingunn Olea , Andersen Njål , Handal Marte , Ask Helga , Skurtveit Svetlana , Ystrom Eivind , Burdzovic Andreas Jasmina
Published: March 2022

Aims:

Certain risk constellations of parental drinking, mental health and years of education are prospectively associated with offspring’s risk for a diagnosis of anxiety/depression, but it remains unknown how they may relate to other aspects of offspring’s mental health. We examined whether such risk constellations were also prospectively associated with the extent of offspring’s utilisation of healthcare services for anxiety/depression.

Methods:

The sample included 8773 adolescent offspring of 6696 two-parent families who participated in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study in Norway. The exposures consisted of five parental risk constellations characterised by drinking frequencies and quantities, years of education and mental health previously derived based on the parental self-reports using latent profile analysis. The outcomes were the number of years in contact, and the total number of consultations/visits, with healthcare services for anxiety/depression in adolescents and young adults as recorded in healthcare registries in the period 2008–2014. Associations were examined using zero-inflated negative binomial regression models, accounting for demographics and offspring’s early mental health.

Results:

Parental risk constellations were not significantly associated with the extent of offspring’s healthcare utilisation for anxiety/depression during the seven-year study period, neither in respect of number of years nor in number of contacts.

Conclusions:

Offspring of four risky constellations were no more likely to use healthcare services for longer time periods or have more consultations/visits than offspring of the lowest-risk constellation. Parental risk constellations appear more informative for understanding disorder aetiology than for understanding management and treatment of anxiety and depression during adolescence and early adulthood.
A review of human thermal plume and its influence on the inhalation exposure to particulate matter
Authors: Zong Jie , Liu Jiying , Ai Zhengtao , Kim Moon Keun
Published: March 2022

This paper reviews studies on the human thermal plume and its influence on the inhalation exposure to particulate matter in the breathing zone under different conditions. The human thermal plume transports particle pollutants from the floor to the breathing zone, increasing the inhaled particulate matter concentration. The concentration can be four times higher than that in the ambient environment. Studies have reported that the human thermal plume may prevent particulate matter from entering the breathing zone under specific conditions. Indoor airflow patterns significantly affect the dispersion of pollutants, especially in rooms equipped with displacement ventilation at low airflow velocities. It has been shown that the particle concentration is two times lower in the breathing zone of a rotating manikin than a static manikin. Understanding the characteristics and influencing factors of the human thermal plume is crucial to formulate measures to mitigate the inhalation exposure to particulate matter, achieve independent and personalized control of the human microenvironment, and create a healthy, intelligent and energy-saving indoor environment.
Incidence of femoral fractures in children and adolescents in Finland and Sweden between 1998 and 2016: A binational population-based study
Authors: Salonen Anne , Laitakari Elina , Berg Hans E. , Felländer-Tsai Li , Mattila Ville M. , Huttunen Tuomas T.
Published: March 2022

Background and objective:

Femoral fractures in children have significant impact for patients, family, and trauma resources as they usually require hospitalization and surgical treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and trends of femoral fractures among children and adolescents hospitalized between 1998 and 2016 in Finland and Sweden.

Methods:

All patients younger than 17 years of age in Finland and Sweden with a femoral fracture treated surgically between 1998 and 2016 were included in the study. Data were collected from National Hospital Discharge Registries. Patients were classified by gender and age into four groups. The annual incidences per 100,000 were calculated using annual mid-year population census data obtained from the Official Statistics of Finland and Sweden.

Results:

In total, 6410 patients younger than 17 years of age diagnosed with femoral fracture were included in this study. The total incidence per 100,000 femoral fractures was 13.3 in Finland and 11.0 in Sweden. The incidence of femoral fractures decreased during the study period in all age groups, except for teenage Finnish girls. Most of the fractures were located in femoral shaft. Fractures of the upper and distal femur were rare. Male predominance was detected in all age groups older than 1 year.

Conclusions:

The incidence of femoral fractures decreased in all age groups except in teenage Finnish girls. Majority of femoral fractures were located in femoral shaft with male predominance. In children younger than 1 year of age, female predominance was found.
Preoperative measures predicting outcome after pancreatic resection in aged patients
Authors: Ahola Reea , Siiki Antti , Rinta-Kiikka Irina , Laitinen Ismo , Antila Anne , Jämsen Esa , Laukkarinen Johanna
Published: March 2022

Background and objective:

High-risk surgery on aged patients raises challenging ethical and clinical issues. The aim of this study was to analyze the preoperative factors associated with severe complications and returning home after pancreatic resection among patients aged ⩾ 75 years.

Patients and methods:

Patients aged ⩾ 75 years undergoing pancreatic resection in 2012–2019 were retrospectively searched from the hospital database. Preoperative indices (Clinical Frailty Scale, Skeletal Muscle Index, Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and National Surgical Quality Improvement Program risk for severe complications) were determined. Postoperative outcome was evaluated by incidence of Clavien–Dindo 3b-5 complications, rate of returning home, and 1-year survival.

Results:

A total of 95 patients were included. American Society of Anesthesiologists Class 3–4 covered 50%, Clinical Frailty Scale > 3 22%, Charlson Comorbidity Index > 6 53%, and a sarcopenic Skeletal Muscle Index 51% of these patients. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program risk for severe complications was higher than average among 21% of patients. Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index showed high risk among 3% of them. In total, 19 patients (20%) experienced a severe (Clavien–Dindo 3b-5) complication. However, 30- and 90-day mortality was 2.1%. Preoperative indices were not associated with severe complications. Most patients (79%) had returned home within 8 weeks of surgery. Not returning home was associated with severe complications ( p = 0.010).

Conclusions:

The short-term outcome after pancreatic resection of fit older patients is similar to that of younger, unselected patient groups. In these selected patients, the commonly used preoperative indexes were not associated with severe complications or returning home.
Application of delay embedding and recurrence analysis to a noisy nonlinear map for cyclic combustion dynamics of SI engines
Authors: Singh Ajay , Maurya Rakesh Kumar
Published: March 2022

A noisy nonlinear dynamical (NND) model available for cyclic variations in SI engines is examined using nonlinear time series methods. Heat release time series computed from this model is analyzed by employing bifurcation diagrams, return maps, recurrence plots, and recurrence quantitative analysis techniques. The analysis methodology is at first applied to a noisy Logistic map to optimize the necessary parameters, and later the same is used for the NND map. The presence of noise hides the local patterns of the dynamics and higher periodic orbits, making the bifurcation diagrams look fuzzy for both maps. An increase in the noise level and uncombusted residuals in the NND map advance the onset point of bifurcations toward a higher equivalence ratio. The application of the NND model is extended to represent the SI engine combustion dynamics for a higher amount of internal EGR as it is favored for cycle-resolved control due to its feedback period of one combustion cycle. The combined effect of lean charge and internal EGR leads to a more complex dynamical nature. The addition of a higher amount of internal EGR adds some complex chaotic-like regions in the bifurcation diagrams. For a low level of fluctuations in the NND map, more than four noisy periodic orbits are observed for such operating conditions. The geometry of phase space trajectories for the low-level noisy model data with a high level of internal EGR resembles a chaotic system. Bifurcation diagrams, recurrence plots, and quantitative recurrence analysis indicate an intermittent route to chaos at a highly lean and diluted charge. The presence of deterministic chaotic characteristics in combustion dynamics, along with effort-saving techniques of data acquisition and estimating combustion phasing, depicts the possibilities of practical application in active onboard control of engine systems.
Multidimensional attitudes: Homonationalist and selective tolerance toward homosexuality and Muslim migration across 21 Countries
Authors: Kwon Ronald , Scarborough William J , Taylor Caroline
Published: March 2022

Attitudinal studies illustrate high levels of support toward homosexuality across European countries. Although these patterns suggest that European societies are becoming more progressive and tolerant, they do not extend to Muslim migration. As Western conceptions of liberalism are increasingly defined in terms of tolerance of sexual minorities as a marker of societal progress, persistent anti-Muslim sentiment presents a liberalism paradox. Existing research often explores these two social topics independently, with limited attention to their intersection. Moving beyond this unidimensional lens, we draw on the frameworks of homonationalism and illiberal liberalism to provide insights into how seemingly incompatible perspectives are mutually constitutive and operate in the service of individuals’ self-interest. We use latent class analysis to examine attitudinal configurations related to homosexuality and Muslim exclusion from the 7th wave (2014) of the European Social Survey (ESS). Our analysis identifies three dominant attitudinal clusters. We find that most respondents held multidimensional views—supporting homosexuality while simultaneously rejecting Muslim migration—consistent with selective tolerance and homonationalist perspectives. The remaining two clusters held unified viewpoints, either rejecting both homosexuality and Muslim migration or favoring both. Predicting these attitudinal configurations with socio-demographic characteristics and attitudes towards immigration, we find that those with selective tolerance-homonationalist perspectives occupy a precarious middle-class position characterized by low levels of educational attainment and lower-status white-collar occupations. We find evidence that individuals in this tenuous social class position express both economic and cultural threat by reappropriating tolerant views toward homosexuality for the purpose of justifying Muslim exclusion.
Relationship between cultural intelligence and learning organization
Authors: Mangla Namita , Singh Kavita
Published: March 2022

Human capital is one of the critical resources for organizations around the world, and it requires significant learning and development (L&D) investments as a structured approach to become a learning organization. The study evaluates the relationship between cultural intelligence and learning organization by analyzing 364 responses received from employees-working across Indian organizations from varied sectors. The dimensions used for measuring learning organization in the study are – information sharing and accessibility, systematic problem solving, acceptance of error and experimenting with new approaches. Results demonstrate a significant positive relationship between learning organization and its four dimensions and cultural intelligence. The findings have implications for organizations to inculcate learning organization disciplines for improved cultural intelligence while also bridging the gap in the existing literature.
The use of digital technologies by people with mild-to-moderate dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic: A positive technology perspective
Authors: Talbot Catherine V , Briggs Pam
Published: March 2022

A growing body of research has shown that people with dementia are using digital technologies to enhance lived experience. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought new digital opportunities and challenges and so provides a unique opportunity to understand how people with dementia have adapted to this new digital landscape. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 people with dementia and analysed thematically. We generated five themes, showing how participants used digital means to combat the stresses of the pandemic by facilitating social connection, self-actualisation, enhanced well-being and by assisting with activities of daily life. These technologies helped to reduce isolation, provide access to support groups, create opportunities for cognitive stimulation and self-development, and engendered a sense of identity at a time of perceived loss. Despite these benefits, participants also reported challenges regarding cognitive fatigue and usability issues. We recommend that training on how to use digital technologies is co-produced with people with dementia and designers engage with the voices of people with dementia throughout the design process. In turn, this could promote the social connectedness, well-being and self-worth of people with dementia.
“Oh, I thought we’d be different”: A multifocal, interdisciplinary examination of the fidelity/adaptation challenge
Authors: Davis William J , Esposito Michael , Brown Urban Jennifer , Linver Miriam R
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this instrumental, multisite case study is to examine fidelity, adaptation, and differentiation challenges found at Wood Badge, a nationwide Boy Scouts of America training for adult volunteer leaders. Our iterative analysis of more than 900 pages of fieldnotes and 400 pages of documents revealed facilitators often explicitly taught syllabus content during the trainings. Observers noted 119 minor differentiations across trainings, notably involving facilitator delivery methods and the duration and scheduling of training segments. Facilitators observed 16 adaptations, which appeared to be based on external conditions at trainings or facilitator preferences, and just three instances of differentiation. Our analysis of the trainings surfaced key fidelity/adaptation issues like overadherence, conflicting notions of deviation, and the impact of preparation on fidelity. In addition, we identified factors influencing facilitators’ use of adaptation and differentiation. Recommendations for large-scale trainings are made based on the study’s findings.
Adverse Outcomes Associated With Off-Label Agents Used to Treat Dementia Patients With Psychosis: A Case-Control Medicare Database Study
Authors: Rashid Nazia , Wetmore James B. , Irfan Muna , Abler Victor
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Currently, there are no Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies to treat dementia-related psychosis (DRP). This study investigated the association between using antipsychotics and the anticonvulsant divalproex (sodium valproate) to manage DRP and adverse outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective case/control matching study evaluated the risk of mortality, extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), ischemic stroke, and cardiac arrest/ventricular arrhythmia (CA/VA) with ever-use of antipsychotics/divalproex in patients with DRP vs never-use.

Results

49 509 patients were included; 76.8% used an antipsychotic/divalproex. Treatment ever-use was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.10-1.18) and a smaller increase in the risk of EPS (1.10; 1.00-1.19) relative to never-use (adjusted for matching demographic variables, comorbid conditions, and disability) .

Conclusions

Current agents used for DRP were associated with increased risk of death and adverse outcomes. An increased risk of death was evident within 3 months of antipsychotic/divalproex initiation and persisted with long-term use.
Polypharmacy is Associated with Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Imre Eren , Imre Erdi
Published: March 2022

Objectives: This observational study aimed to investigate the relationship between polypharmacy and the existence of diabetic foot ulcers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Patients with T2DM with and without diabetic foot ulcers who presented to the endocrinology outpatient clinic between August 2020 and November 2021 were involved in the study. Overall, five hundred and twelve patients with T2DM (293 patients with diabetic foot ulcer and 219 patients without diabetic foot ulcer) were included. The exclusion criteria were pregnancy, lactation, type 1 diabetes, patients under 18 years and over 65 years of age, and history of malignancy. The information of drugs administered, demographic and clinical data were obtained from the patient files. The Wagner score was used to evaluate the severity of ulcers. Results: The comparison of the two groups revealed that patients with diabetic foot ulcers had significantly higher rates of diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.017). The patients with diabetic foot ulcers who had polypharmacy had significantly higher rates of hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, diabetic retinopathy, and complaints of diabetic neuropathy (P < 0.001, P < 0,001, p = 0.021 and P = 0.004, respectively). In the binary logistic regression analyses, polypharmacy was independently associated with diabetic foot ulcers in all models. Conclusion: Polypharmacy should be seriously concerned in type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with diabetic foot ulcers and polypharmacy was related to diabetic foot ulcers.
Échelon, Quincunx, Quadrangle: The Olmsted Firm and Campus Planning in the Early Decades of Vassar College
Authors: Elet Yvonne
Published: March 2022

Frederick Law Olmsted and his sons were America’s foremost campus planners, whose multidisciplinary skill set and collaborative practices enabled them to envision and realize comprehensive plans for campuses, much as they did for their better-known parks and suburban communities. This article contributes a new campus case study to Olmsted firm history. There have long been unsubstantiated reports that F. L. Olmsted designed the bucolic Hudson Valley campus of Vassar College, although the source of Vassar’s early designs has remained unclear. Drawing on unpublished archival materials, this article traces three generations of the Olmsted firm at Vassar, revealing that it was John Charles Olmsted—whose important oeuvre remains to be fully distinguished—who fundamentally shaped Vassar’s central campus. This narrative elucidates the planning processes of this small, progressive woman’s college in its formative decades, and addresses the shifting role of the landscape architect in American campus design in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth centuries.