bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generation of Non‐Substorm Pi2s at Low and Middle Latitudes
Authors: Lingala Manjula , Bulusu Jayashree , Arora Kusumita , Khomutov Sergey Y. , Mandrikova Oksana V. , Solovev Igor S.
Published: August 2020

This study analyzes the characteristics of non‐substorm Pi2 (impulsive pulsations [3–25 mHz]) from low and middle latitudes and investigates the trends of these oscillations. Pi2 events are identified from geomagnetic H‐component data from low and middle latitude observatories Hyderabad (HYB, L = 1.03) and Paratunka (PET, L = 2.1) respectively, during solar maximum period (2015–2016) for quietest geomagnetic conditions, with stringent criteria of interplanetary parameters and activity indices. Data from five high‐latitude stations from THEMIS ground magnetometer chain, covering all local time sectors are additionally analyzed to verify the absence of substorms, pseudo substorms, etc. which may also generate Pi2 signatures. Variation of non‐substorm Pi2 periods with geomagnetic activity index Kp and solar wind speed (Vsw) show inverse relations with Pi2 period at HYB. In addition, non‐substorm Pi2s are distributed equally in all local time sectors with ratio of second harmonic to fundamental Pi2 ranging within 1.3–2.2. These trends of non‐substorm Pi2s indicate plasmaspheric cavity resonance (PCR) as the dominant source at low latitude, confirmed using a theoretical model. In contrast, non‐substorm Pi2 periods do not show a steady trend with Kp and Vsw at midlatitude station PET. Local time variations show an increased period in the premidnight sector at PET. A close agreement between theoretical estimates and observed periods of non‐substorm Pi2‐s at PET, leads to the inference of Alfvenic nature of these modes, attributable to a resonant oscillation.
Statistical Study of the Relationship Between Ion Upflow and Field‐Aligned Current in the Topside Ionosphere for Both Hemispheres During Geomagnetic Disturbed and Quiet Time
Authors: Ma Yu‐Zhang , Zhang Qing‐He , Jayachandran P. T. , Oksavik Kjellmar , Lyons L. R. , Xing Zan‐Yang , Zhou Shan‐Yu , Hairston Marc , Wang Yong
Published: August 2020

A statistical study of ion upflow and field‐aligned currents (FACs) has been performed in the topside ionosphere of both hemispheres for magnetic quiet and disturbed times by using DMSP satellite observations from 2010–2013. Distributions in MLT/MLat reveal that ion upflow occurrence shows a dawn‐dusk asymmetry distribution that matches well with the Region 1 FACs. In addition, there are highest occurrence regions near noon and within the midnight auroral disturbance area, corresponding to dayside cusp and nightside auroral disturbance regions, respectively. Both the ion upflow occurrence and FAC regions expand equatorward to a wider area during disturbed times.
Heterogeneity Affects Intertidal Flow Topology in Coastal Beach Aquifers
Authors: Geng Xiaolong , Michael Holly A. , Boufadel Michel C. , Molz Fred J. , Gerges Firas , Lee Kenneth
Published: August 2020

Intertidal aquifers are hotspots of biogeochemical cycling where nutrients and contaminants are processed prior to discharge to the ocean. The nature of the dynamic subsurface mixing zone is a critical control on mitigating reactions. Simulation of density‐dependent, variably saturated flow and salt transport incorporating realistic representations of aquifer heterogeneity was conducted within a Monte Carlo framework to investigate influence of nonuniform permeability on intertidal groundwater flow and salt transport dynamics. Results show that heterogeneity coupled with tides creates transient preferential flow paths within the intertidal zone, evolving multiple circulation cells and fingering‐type salinity distributions. Due to heterogeneity, strain‐dominated (intense mixing) and vorticity‐dominated (low mixing) flow regions coexist at small spatial scales, and their spatial extent reaches peaks at high tide and low tide. Such topological characteristics reveal complex tempo‐spatial mixing patterns for intertidal flow with localized areas of high and low mixing intensities, which have implications for intertidal biogeochemical processing.
A Broad Continuum of Aeolian Impact Ripple Morphologies on Mars is Enabled by Low Wind Dynamic Pressures
Authors: Sullivan R. , Kok J. F. , Katra I. , Yizhaq H.
Published: August 2020

Aeolian ripples are common in sandy environments on Earth and Mars. On Earth, ripples in sorted dune sands typically are <1 cm high and are erased in high winds. On Mars in similar sands, ripple wavelengths commonly exceed 2 m, with much smaller ripples superimposed. Large Martian ripple sizes and juxtaposition of multiple wavelengths have raised questions about origins and the applicability of terrestrial aeolian physics to different planetary environments. Here, two hypotheses are evaluated for large Martian ripples: (1) fluid/wind drag, analogous to ripples formed under water on Earth, as proposed previously for Martian large ripples; and (2) saltation impact splash, the mechanism creating aeolian ripples of much smaller size on Earth. This study evaluates these hypotheses with numerical experiments and Mars rover observations, and concludes that large Martian ripples develop through the saltation impact splash mechanism. The low‐density Martian atmosphere enables aeolian impact ripples to grow much higher into the boundary layer before reaching maximum heights constrained by wind dynamic pressure effects at crests. In this concept, boundary layer conditions influence mature ripple heights more directly than wavelengths. On Mars, low wind dynamic pressures, combined with the impact splash mechanism, also help to explain other distinctively Martian aeolian bedforms, including large longitudinal ripples observed by rovers and orbiters, and transverse aeolian ridges (TARs) distributed widely across the Martian surface. Compared with Earth, low wind dynamic pressures on Mars permit a wider range of ripple sizes, relative ages, morphologies, and orientations in close proximity, as displayed in rover observations.
Peripancreatic adipose tissue protects against high-fat-diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice
Authors: Chanclón Belén , Wu Yanling , Vujičić Milica , Bauzá-Thorbrügge Marco , Banke Elin , Micallef Peter , Kanerva Julia , Wilder Björn , Rorsman Patrik , Wernstedt Asterholm Ingrid
Published: August 2020

Background/objectives

Visceral adiposity is associated with increased diabetes risk, while expansion of subcutaneous adipose tissue may be protective. However, the visceral compartment contains different fat depots. Peripancreatic adipose tissue (PAT) is an understudied visceral fat depot. Here, we aimed to define PAT functionality in lean and high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice.

Subjects/methods

Four adipose tissue depots (inguinal, mesenteric, gonadal, and peripancreatic adipose tissue) from chow- and HFD-fed male mice were compared with respect to adipocyte size (n = 4–5/group), cellular composition (FACS analysis, n = 5–6/group), lipogenesis and lipolysis (n = 3/group), and gene expression (n = 6–10/group). Radioactive tracers were used to compare lipid and glucose metabolism between these four fat depots in vivo (n = 5–11/group). To determine the role of PAT in obesity-associated metabolic disturbances, PAT was surgically removed prior to challenging the mice with HFD. PAT-ectomized mice were compared to sham controls with respect to glucose tolerance, basal and glucose-stimulated insulin levels, hepatic and pancreatic steatosis, and gene expression (n = 8–10/group).

Results

We found that PAT is a tiny fat depot (~0.2% of the total fat mass) containing relatively small adipocytes and many “non-adipocytes” such as leukocytes and fibroblasts. PAT was distinguished from the other fat depots by increased glucose uptake and increased fatty acid oxidation in both lean and obese mice. Moreover, PAT was the only fat depot where the tissue weight correlated positively with liver weight in obese mice (R = 0.65; p = 0.009). Surgical removal of PAT followed by 16-week HFD feeding was associated with aggravated hepatic steatosis (p = 0.008) and higher basal (p < 0.05) and glucose-stimulated insulin levels (p < 0.01). PAT removal also led to enlarged pancreatic islets and increased pancreatic expression of markers of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and islet development (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

PAT is a small metabolically highly active fat depot that plays a previously unrecognized role in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in advanced obesity.
Quantifying childhood fat mass: comparison of a novel height-and-weight-based prediction approach with DXA and bioelectrical impedance
Authors: Hudda Mohammed T. , Owen Christopher G. , Rudnicka Alicja R. , Cook Derek G. , Whincup Peter H. , Nightingale Claire M.
Published: August 2020

Accurate assessment of childhood adiposity is important both for individuals and populations. We compared fat mass (FM) predictions from a novel prediction model based on height, weight and demographic factors (height–weight equation) with FM from bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), using the deuterium dilution method as a reference standard. FM data from all four methods were available for 174 ALSPAC Study participants, seen 2002–2003, aged 11–12-years. FM predictions from the three approaches were compared to the reference standard using; R2, calibration (slope and intercept) and root mean square error (RMSE). R2 values were high from ‘height–weight equation’ (90%) but lower than from DXA (95%) and BIA (91%). Whilst calibration intercepts from all three approaches were close to the ideal of 0, the calibration slope from the ‘height–weight equation’ (slope = 1.02) was closer to the ideal of 1 than DXA (slope = 0.88) and BIA (slope = 0.87) assessments. The ‘height–weight equation’ provided more accurate individual predictions with a smaller RMSE value (2.6 kg) than BIA (3.1 kg) or DXA (3.4 kg). Predictions from the ‘height–weight equation’ were at least as accurate as DXA and BIA and were based on simpler measurements and open-source equation, emphasising its potential for both individual and population-level FM assessments.
Harnessing a multi-dimensional fibre laser using genetic wavefront shaping
Authors: Wei Xiaoming , Jing Joseph C. , Shen Yuecheng , Wang Lihong V.
Published: August 2020

The multi-dimensional laser is a fascinating platform not only for the discovery and understanding of new higher-dimensional coherent lightwaves but also for the frontier study of the complex three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear dynamics and solitary waves widely involved in physics, chemistry, biology and materials science. Systemically controlling coherent lightwave oscillation in multi-dimensional lasers, however, is challenging and has largely been unexplored; yet, it is crucial for both designing 3D coherent light fields and unveiling any underlying nonlinear complexities. Here, for the first time, we genetically harness a multi-dimensional fibre laser using intracavity wavefront shaping technology such that versatile lasing characteristics can be manipulated. We demonstrate that the output power, mode profile, optical spectrum and mode-locking operation can be genetically optimized by appropriately designing the objective function of the genetic algorithm. It is anticipated that this genetic and systematic intracavity control technology for multi-dimensional lasers will be an important step for obtaining high-performance 3D lasing and presents many possibilities for exploring multi-dimensional nonlinear dynamics and solitary waves that may enable new applications.
Serotonin transporter availability in adults with autism—a positron emission tomography study
Authors: Andersson Max , Tangen Ämma , Farde Lars , Bölte Sven , Halldin Christer , Borg Jacqueline , Lundberg Johan
Published: August 2020

Impairments in social interaction and communication, in combination with restricted, repetitive behaviors and interests, define the neurodevelopmental diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The biological underpinnings of ASD are not well known, but the hypothesis of serotonin (5-HT) involvement in the neurodevelopment of ASD is one of the longest standing. Reuptake through the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) is the main pathway decreasing extracellular 5-HT in the brain and a marker for the 5-HT system, but in vivo investigations of the 5-HTT and the 5-HT system in ASD are scarce and so far inconclusive. To quantify possible alterations in the 5-HT system in ASD, we used positron emission tomography and the radioligand [11C]MADAM to measure 5-HTT availability in the brain of 15 adults with ASD and 15 controls. Moreover, we examined correlations between regional 5-HTT availability and behavioral phenotype assessments regarding ASD core symptoms. In the ASD group, we found significantly lower 5-HTT availability in total gray matter, brainstem, and 9 of 18 examined subregions of gray matter. In addition, several correlations between regional 5-HTT availability and social cognitive test performance were found. The results confirm the hypothesis that 5-HTT availability is lower in the brain of adult individuals with ASD, and are consistent with the theory of 5-HT involvement in ASD neurodevelopment. The findings endorse the central role of 5-HT in the physiology of ASD, and confirm the need for a continued investigation of the 5-HT system in order to disentangle the biology of ASD.
Differential association of CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages with macrophage enzymes, whole tumour gene expression and overall survival in advanced melanoma
Authors: Tremble Liam Friel , McCabe Mark , Walker Sidney P. , McCarthy Siobhán , Tynan Réiltín F. , Beecher Suzanne , Werner Réiltín , Clover A. James P. , Power X. Derek G. , Forde Patrick F. , Heffron Cynthia C. B. B.
Published: August 2020

Background

The density and phenotype of tumour-associated macrophages have been linked with prognosis in a range of solid tumours. While there is strong preclinical evidence that tumour-associated macrophages promote aspects of tumour progression, it can be challenging to infer clinical activity from surface markers and ex vivo behaviour. We investigated the association of macrophage infiltration with prognosis and functional changes in the tumour microenvironment in primary human melanoma.

Methods

Fifty-seven formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary melanomas were analysed by immunohistochemical analysis of CD68, CD163, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase expression. RNA sequencing was performed on serial sections of 20 of the stained tumours to determine the influence of macrophage infiltration on gene expression.

Results

CD68+cells are a functionally active subset of macrophages that are associated with increased iNOS and arginase staining and altered gene expression. In comparison, while there is a greater accumulation of CD163+macrophages in larger tumours, these cells are comparatively inactive, with no association with the level of iNOS or arginase staining, and no effect on gene expression within the tumour. The infiltration of either subset of macrophages did not correlate to overall survival.

Conclusions

Thus, melanomas contain distinct macrophage populations with diverse phenotypes, but with no observable prognostic role.
Breast cancer gene expression datasets do not reflect the disease at the population level
Authors: Xie Yanping , Davis Lynn Brittny C. , Moir Nicholas , Cameron David A. , Figueroa Jonine D. , Sims Andrew H.
Published: August 2020

Publicly available tumor gene expression datasets are widely reanalyzed, but it is unclear how representative they are of clinical populations. Estimations of molecular subtype classification and prognostic gene signatures were calculated for 16,130 patients from 70 breast cancer datasets. Collated patient demographics and clinical characteristics were sparse for many studies. Considerable variations were observed in dataset size, patient/tumor characteristics, and molecular composition. Results were compared with Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) figures. The proportion of basal subtype tumors ranged from 4 to 59%. Date of diagnosis ranged from 1977 to 2013, originating from 20 countries across five continents although European ancestry dominated. Publicly available breast cancer gene expression datasets are a great resource, but caution is required as they tend to be enriched for high grade, ER-negative tumors from European-ancestry patients. These results emphasize the need to derive more representative and annotated molecular datasets from diverse populations.
Multivariate prediction of dementia in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Phongpreecha Thanaphong , Cholerton Brenna , Mata Ignacio F. , Zabetian Cyrus P. , Poston Kathleen L. , Aghaeepour Nima , Tian Lu , Quinn Joseph F. , Chung Kathryn A. , Hiller Amie L. , Hu Shu-Ching , Edwards Karen L. , Montine Thomas J.
Published: August 2020

Cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is pervasive with potentially devastating effects. Identification of those at risk for cognitive decline is vital to identify and implement appropriate interventions. Robust multivariate approaches, including fixed-effect, mixed-effect, and multitask learning models, were used to study associations between biological, clinical, and cognitive factors and for predicting cognitive status longitudinally in a well-characterized prevalent PD cohort (n = 827). Age, disease duration, sex, andGBAstatus were the primary biological factors associated with cognitive status and progression to dementia. Specific cognitive tests were better predictors of subsequent cognitive status for cognitively unimpaired and dementia groups. However, these models could not accurately predict future mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI). Data collected from a large PD cohort thus revealed the primary biological and cognitive factors associated with dementia, and provide clinicians with data to aid in the identification of risk for dementia. Sex differences and their potential relationship to genetic status are also discussed.
29 immune-related genes pairs signature predict the prognosis of cervical cancer patients
Authors: Nie Han , Bu Fanqin , Xu Jiasheng , Li Taoshen , Huang Jun
Published: August 2020

To screen the key immune genes in the development of cervical cancer, construct immune related gene pairs (IRGPs), and evaluate their influence on the prognosis of cervical cancer. Tumor Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and geo database were downloaded as training set and validation set respectively, and immune related gene data were downloaded from immport. IRGPs model is established by machine learning, and the model is analyzed and evaluated. Using the Uclcan to analyze the immune genes expression in cervical cancer, and to further explore the association with the expression level and the clinical stage and prognosis of cervical cancer. According to the analysis of training set, we identified 29 IRGPs as key gene pairs and constructed the model. The AUC value of the model was greater than 0.9, and the model group survival rate was conspicuous different (P < 0.001). The reliability of the model was confirmed in the validation group. Our IRGPs play an important role in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer, and can be used as a prognostic marker and potential new target of cervical cancer.
Synthesis, antioxidant properties and neuroprotection of α-phenyl-tert-butylnitrone derived HomoBisNitrones in in vitro and in vivo ischemia models
Authors: Chamorro Beatriz , Diez-Iriepa Daniel , Merás-Sáiz Belén , Chioua Mourad , García-Vieira David , Iriepa Isabel , Hadjipavlou-Litina Dimitra , López-Muñoz Francisco , Martínez-Murillo Ricardo , Gonzàlez-Nieto Daniel , Fernández Israel , Marco-Contelles José , Oset-Gasque María Jesús
Published: August 2020

We herein report the synthesis, antioxidant power and neuroprotective properties of nine homo-bis-nitrones HBNs1–9 as alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) analogues for stroke therapy. In vitro neuroprotection studies of HBNs1–9 against Oligomycin A/Rotenone and in an oxygen-glucose-deprivation model of ischemia in human neuroblastoma cell cultures, indicate that (1Z,1′Z)-1,1′-(1,3-phenylene)bis(N-benzylmethanimine oxide) (HBN6) is a potent neuroprotective agent that prevents the decrease in neuronal metabolic activity (EC50 = 1.24 ± 0.39 μM) as well as necrotic and apoptotic cell death. HBN6 shows strong hydroxyl radical scavenger power (81%), and capacity to decrease superoxide production in human neuroblastoma cell cultures (maximal activity = 95.8 ± 3.6%), values significantly superior to the neuroprotective and antioxidant properties of the parent PBN. The higher neuroprotective ability of HBN6 has been rationalized by means of Density Functional Theory calculations. Calculated physicochemical and ADME properties confirmed HBN6 as a hit-agent showing suitable drug-like properties. Finally, the contribution of HBN6 to brain damage prevention was confirmed in a permanent MCAO setting by assessing infarct volume outcome 48 h after stroke in drug administered experimental animals, which provides evidence of a significant reduction of the brain lesion size and strongly suggests that HBN6 is a potential neuroprotective agent against stroke.
Incorporation of lateral microfiltration with immunoaffinity for enhancing the capture efficiency of rare cells
Authors: Chen Kangfu , Amontree Jacob , Varillas Jose , Zhang Jinling , George Thomas J. , Fan Z. Hugh
Published: August 2020

The methods for isolating rare cells such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be generally classified into two categories: those based on physical properties (e.g., size) and methods based on biological properties (e.g., immunoaffinity). CellSearch, the only FDA-approved method for the CTC-based cancer prognosis, relies on immunoaffinity interactions between CTCs and antibodies immobilized on magnetic particles. Immunoaffinity-based CTC isolation has also been employed in microfluidic devices, which show higher capture efficiency than CellSearch. We report here our investigation of combining size-based microfiltration into a microfluidic device with immunoaffinity for enhanced capture efficiency of CTCs. The device consists of four serpentine main channels, and each channel contains an array of lateral filters that create a two-dimensional flow. The main flow is through the serpentine channel, allowing the majority of the sample to pass by while the secondary flow goes through the lateral filters. The device design is optimized to make all fluid particles interact with filters. The filter sizes range from 24 to 12 µm, being slightly larger than or having similar dimension of CTCs. These filters are immobilized with antibodies specific to CTCs and thus they function as gates, allowing normal blood cells to pass by while forcing the interactions between CTCs and antibodies on the filter surfaces. The hydrodynamic force experienced by a CTC was also studied for optimal experimental conditions to ensure immunoaffinity-enabled cell capture. The device was evaluated by capturing two types of tumor cells spiked in healthy blood or a buffer, and we found that their capture efficiency was between 87.2 and 93.5%. The platform was further validated by isolating CTCs from blood samples of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.
Post-translational modification as a response to cellular stress induced by hemoglobin oxidation in sickle cell disease
Authors: Strader Michael Brad , Jana Sirsendu , Meng Fantao , Heaven Michael R. , Shet Arun S. , Thein Swee Lay , Alayash Abdu I.
Published: August 2020

Intracellular oxidative stress and oxidative modification of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) play a role in sickle cell disease (SCD) pathogenesis. Recently, we reported that Hb-dependent oxidative stress induced post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Hb and red blood cell (RBC) membrane proteins of transgenic SCD mice. To identify the mechanistic basis of these protein modifications, we followed in vitro oxidative changes occurring in intracellular Hb obtained from RBCs and RBC-derived microparticles (MPs) from the blood of 23 SCD patients (HbSS) of which 11 were on, and 12, off hydroxyurea (HU) treatment, and 5 ethnic matched controls. We used mass spectrometry-based proteomics to characterize these oxidative PTMs on a cross-sectional group of these patients (n = 4) and a separate subgroup of patients (n = 2) studied prior to initiation and during HU treatment. Collectively, these data indicated that band-3 and its interaction network involved in MPs formation exhibited more protein phosphorylation and ubiquitination in SCD patients than in controls. HU treatment reversed these oxidative PTMs back to level observed in controls. These PTMs were also confirmed using orthogonal immunoprecipitation experiments. Moreover, we observed specific markers reflective of oxidative stress, including irreversible oxidation of βCys93 and ubiquitination of Hb βLys145 (and βLys96). Overall, these studies strongly suggest that extensive erythrocyte membrane protein phosphorylation and ubiquitination are involved in SCD pathogenesis and provide further insight into the multifaceted effects of HU treatment.
The role of endothelin B receptor in bone modelling during orthodontic tooth movement: a study on ETB knockout rats
Authors: Ibrahimi Disha S. , Furlani B. , Drevensek G. , Plut A. , Yanagisawa M. , Hudoklin S. , Prodan Žitnik I. , Marc J. , Drevensek M.
Published: August 2020

The endothelin system has an important role in bone modelling during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM); however, little is known about the involvement of endothelin B receptors (ETB) in this process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of ETB in bone modelling during OTM using ETB knockout rats (ETB-KO). Thirty-two male rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 8 per group): the ETB-KO appliance group, ETB-KO control group, wild type (ETB-WT) appliance group, and ETB-WT control group. The appliance consisted of a super-elastic closed-coil spring placed between the first and second left maxillary molar and the incisors. Tooth movement was measured on days 0 and 35, and maxillary alveolar bone volume, osteoblast, and osteoclast volume were determined histomorphometrically on day 35 of OTM. Next, we determined the serum endothelin 1 (ET-1) level and gene expression levels of the osteoclast activity marker cathepsin K and osteoblast activity markers osteocalcin and dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP1) on day 35. The ETB-KO appliance group showed significantly lower osteoblast activity, diminished alveolar bone volume and less OTM than the ETB-WT appliance group. Our results showed that ETB is involved in bone modelling in the late stage of OTM.
Multidrug transporter MRP4/ABCC4 as a key determinant of pancreatic cancer aggressiveness
Authors: Sahores A. , Carozzo A. , May M. , Gómez N. , Di Siervi N. , De Sousa Serro M. , Yaneff A. , Rodríguez-González A. , Abba M. , Shayo C. , Davio C.
Published: August 2020

Recent findings show that MRP4 is critical for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell proliferation. Nevertheless, the significance of MRP4 protein levels and function in PDAC progression is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the role of MRP4 in PDAC tumor aggressiveness. Bioinformatic studies revealed that PDAC samples show higher MRP4 transcript levels compared to normal adjacent pancreatic tissue and circulating tumor cells express higher levels of MRP4 than primary tumors. Also, high levels of MRP4 are typical of high-grade PDAC cell lines and associate with an epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype. Moreover, PDAC patients with high levels of MRP4 depict dysregulation of pathways associated with migration, chemotaxis and cell adhesion. Silencing MRP4 in PANC1 cells reduced tumorigenicity and tumor growth and impaired cell migration. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MRP4 silencing alters PANC1 gene expression, mainly dysregulating pathways related to cell-to-cell interactions and focal adhesion. Contrarily, MRP4 overexpression significantly increased BxPC-3 growth rate, produced a switch in the expression of EMT markers, and enhanced experimental metastatic incidence. Altogether, our results indicate that MRP4 is associated with a more aggressive phenotype in PDAC, boosting pancreatic tumorigenesis and metastatic capacity, which could finally determine a fast tumor progression in PDAC patients.
Ancient Jomon genome sequence analysis sheds light on migration patterns of early East Asian populations
Authors: Gakuhari Takashi , Nakagome Shigeki , Rasmussen Simon , Allentoft Morten E. , Sato Takehiro , Korneliussen Thorfinn , Chuinneagáin Blánaid Ní , Matsumae Hiromi , Koganebuchi Kae , Schmidt Ryan , Mizushima Souichiro , Kondo Osamu , Shigehara Nobuo , Yoneda Minoru , Kimura Ryosuke , Ishida Hajime , Masuyama Tadayuki , Yamada Yasuhiro , Tajima Atsushi , Shibata Hiroki , Toyoda Atsushi , Tsurumoto Toshiyuki , Wakebe Tetsuaki , Shitara Hiromi , Hanihara Tsunehiko , Willerslev Eske , Sikora Martin , Oota Hiroki
Published: August 2020

Anatomically modern humans reached East Asia more than 40,000 years ago. However, key questions still remain unanswered with regard to the route(s) and the number of wave(s) in the dispersal into East Eurasia. Ancient genomes at the edge of the region may elucidate a more detailed picture of the peopling of East Eurasia. Here, we analyze the whole-genome sequence of a 2,500-year-old individual (IK002) from the main-island of Japan that is  characterized with a typical Jomon culture. The phylogenetic analyses support multiple waves of migration, with IK002 forming a basal lineage to the East and Northeast Asian genomes examined, likely representing some of the earliest-wave migrants who went north from Southeast Asia to East Asia. Furthermore, IK002 shows strong genetic affinity with the indigenous Taiwan aborigines, which may support a coastal route of the Jomon-ancestry migration. This study highlights the power of ancient genomics to provide new insights into the complex history of human migration into East Eurasia.
Enhancing the barrier height for Yb(iii) single-ion magnets by modulating axial ligand fields
Authors: Borah Aditya , Dey Sourav , Gupta Sandeep K. , Walawalkar Mrinalini G. , Rajaraman Gopalan , Murugavel Ramaswamy
Published: August 2020

Progressive weakening of the axial ligand field, by keeping the equatorial field constant, enhances the barrier height for magnetic reversal in six-coordinate pseudo-octahedral Yb(iiii) single ion magnets.
Simultaneous synthesis of thioesters and iron–sulfur clusters in water: two universal components of energy metabolism
Authors: Sanden Sebastian A. , Yi Ruiqin , Hara Masahiko , McGlynn Shawn E.
Published: August 2020

Thioesters and peptide ligated [Fe–S] clusters can be synthesized simultaneously from thioacetic acid in an aqueous one-pot reaction.
Recyclable polyetheretherketone fiber-supported N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts for nucleophilic acylation of fluorobenzenes
Authors: Shi Xian-Lei , Sun Benyu , Hu Qianqian , Liu Kun , Li Pengyu , Wang Juanjuan
Published: August 2020

A novel support of polyetheretherketone fiber for recyclable N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts in nucleophilic acylation of fluorobenzenes.
Optical property control of π-electronic systems bearing Lewis pairs by ion coordination
Authors: Yanbe Takahiro , Mizuguchi Kei , Yamakado Ryohei , Okada Shuji
Published: August 2020

π-Electronic systems bearing Lewis pairs were synthesized. The tuning of the optical properties was demonstrated by the addition of various ion pairs, and these behaviours were elucidated by theoretical calculations.
Fluoride anion-initiated bis-trifluoromethylation of phenyl aromatic carboxylates with (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane
Authors: Takahashi Kenjiro , Ano Yusuke , Chatani Naoto
Published: August 2020

The fluoride anion-initiated reaction of phenyl aromatic carboxylates with (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (Me3SiCF3) that results in the formation of O-silyl-protected 2-aryl-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanols is reported.
Kinetic selection of Pd4L2 metallocyclic and Pd6L3 trigonal prismatic assemblies
Authors: O’Connor Helen M. , Coletta Marco , Etcheverry-Berríos Alvaro , Nichol Gary S. , Brechin Euan K. , Lusby Paul J.
Published: August 2020

Kinetic access to distorted metallocyclic and trigonal prismatic assemblies can be achieved using auxiliary ligands to control the dynamics of M–L interactions.
Layered hybrid lead perovskite single crystals: phase transformations and tunable optical properties
Authors: Song Jiewu , Dang Yangyang , Liu Xiao Long , Tao Xutang
Published: August 2020

Phase transformation processes of (C6H5CH2CH2NH3)2PbI4single crystals by different strategies were achieved.
Hydrothermal synthesis of two 2D uranyl coordination polymers: structure, luminescence, and photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B
Authors: Tong Xiaolan , Wang Shan , Gao HongXia , Ge Yingchong , Zuo Jun , Liu Fen , Ding Jianhua , Xiong Jianbo
Published: August 2020

Two hydrothermal synthesized uranyl-organic coordination polymers showing effective photocatalytic activities for RhB degradation with quick equilibrium time in water.
Facile synthesis of cesium trithiocyanurate with high ionic conductivity and large birefringence properties
Authors: Zhao Jianmin , Liu Hongkun , Zhang Xiaodong , Zhang Bingbing , Wang Ying
Published: August 2020

A new trithiocyanurate with enhanced proton conductivity and large birefringence has been synthesized by a facile aqueous solution method.
Glass transition behaviour of thin polymer films coated on the 3D networks of porous CNT sponges
Authors: Wang Min , Zhang Jiapeng , Zhou Shenglin , Yang Zhaohui , Zhang Xiaohua
Published: August 2020

The influence of the coexistence of a free surface and a polymer–substrate interface on the glass transition behaviour of polymer chains on CNT sidewalls.
Molecular growth upon ionization of van der Waals clusters containing HCCH and HCN is a pathway to prebiotic molecules
Authors: Stein Tamar , Bera Partha P. , Lee Timothy J. , Head-Gordon Martin
Published: August 2020

Quantum chemistry trajectories show ionized clusters of HCN and HCCH react spontaneously to form larger ions, including heterocycles.
Adsorption-induced clustering of CO2 on graphene
Authors: Meconi Giulia Magi , Zangi Ronen
Published: August 2020

At high surface-coverages, CO2 molecules adsorbed on a graphene sheet can form clusters due to favorable quadrupole–quadrupole interactions.
A new microporous 12-ring zincosilicate THK-2 with many terminal silanols characterized by automated electron diffraction tomography
Authors: Sakamoto Yasuhiro , Zhao Haishuang , Gies Hermann , Yamamoto Katsutoshi , Kolb Ute , Ikeda Takuji
Published: August 2020

The crystal structure of a new microporous zincosilicate THK-2 was elucidated by using the automated electron diffraction tomography (ADT) approach. The framework of THK-2 consisted of 4-, 5-, 6-, and 12-rings and included a disordered ZnO4.
Reversible switching between housane and cyclopentanediyl isomers: an isonitrile-catalysed thermal reverse reaction
Authors: Beer Henrik , Bresien Jonas , Michalik Dirk , Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander
Published: August 2020

The photo-switchable activation chemistry of a P-based biradical was investigated, and the mechanism of the thermal reverse reaction was studied.
An emerging mobile air pollution source: outdoor plastic liner manufacturing sites discharge VOCs into urban and rural areas
Authors: Teimouri Sendesi Seyedeh Mahboobeh , Noh Yoorae , Nuruddin Md , Boor Brandon E. , Howarter John A. , Youngblood Jeffrey P. , Jafvert Chad T. , Whelton Andrew J.
Published: August 2020

The in situ manufacture of cured-in-place-pipe (CIPP) plastic liners in damaged sewer pipes is an emerging mobile source of anthropogenic air pollution.
Is reducing new particle formation a plausible solution to mitigate particulate air pollution in Beijing and other Chinese megacities?
Authors: Kulmala Markku , Dada Lubna , Daellenbach Kaspar R. , Yan Chao , Stolzenburg Dominik , Kontkanen Jenni , Ezhova Ekaterina , Hakala Simo , Tuovinen Saana , Kokkonen Tom V. , Kurppa Mona , Cai Runlong , Zhou Ying , Yin Rujing , Baalbaki Rima , Chan Tommy , Chu Biwu , Deng Chenjuan , Fu Yueyun , Ge Maofa , He Hong , Heikkinen Liine , Junninen Heikki , Liu Yiliang , Lu Yiqun , Nie Wei , Rusanen Anton , Vakkari Ville , Wang Yonghong , Yang Gan , Yao Lei , Zheng Jun , Kujansuu Joni , Kangasluoma Juha , Petäjä Tuukka , Paasonen Pauli , Järvi Leena , Worsnop Douglas , Ding Aijun , Liu Yongchun , Wang Lin , Jiang Jingkun , Bianchi Federico , Kerminen Veli-Matti
Published: August 2020

Based on our comprehensive observations in Beijing, we show that 80–90% of PM2.5 was formed via atmospheric reactions during haze days and over 65% of the number concentration of haze particles resulted from new particle formation.
Sustainable flow approaches to active pharmaceutical ingredients
Authors: Ferlin Francesco , Lanari Daniela , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: August 2020

This review summarizes the adoption of flow technology for the synthesis of a variety of APIs in the period 2015–2020. A major attention has been dedicated to compare batch and flow procedures by also comparing their sustainability.
A heterogeneous and recoverable palladium catalyst to access the regioselective C–H alkenylation of quinolineN-oxides
Authors: Sciosci Daniele , Valentini Federica , Ferlin Francesco , Chen Shaomin , Gu Yanlong , Piermatti Oriana , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: August 2020

Herein, we disclose the first C-2-selective C–H alkenylation of quinolineN-oxides catalyzed using a heterogeneous palladium catalyst.
Dinuclear cobalt complexes supported by biphenol and binaphthol-derived bis(salicylaldimine) ligands: synthesis, characterization and catalytic application in β-enaminone synthesis from 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and aliphatic amines
Authors: Filkale Adelew Estifanos , Pathak Chandni
Published: August 2020

Biaryl scaffolding ligands form dicobalt clusters, which serve as efficient catalysts in enaminone synthesis under ambient conditions.
A local proton source from carboxylic acid functionalized metal porphyrins for enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Zhou Yiwei , Xiao Yunheng , Zhao Jian
Published: August 2020

Metal tetraphenylporphyrin modified through the introduction of propanoic acid into the phenyl groups as a local proton donor exhibits higher CO2 electrocatalytic conversion to CO than benzoic acid.
Copper-catalyzed cascade C–N coupling/C–H amination: one pot synthesis of imidazo[1,2-b]indazole
Authors: Rajesham Bandari , Arunkumar Vemula , Naikawadi Praveen Kumar , Shiva Kumar K.
Published: August 2020

A one-pot, two-fold C–N bond formation protocol has been developed for the construction of imidazo[1,2-b]indazole derivatives.
An efficient strategy for the preparation of insensitive energetic materials: intramolecular cyclization of picrylhydrazone into an indazole derivative
Authors: Tang Jie , Chen Jieyi , Yang Pengju , Yang Hongwei , Cheng Guangbin
Published: August 2020

An efficient method to acheive a balance of energy and sensitivity through the intramolecular cyclization reaction of picrylhydrazone into an indazole derivative.
Oxidative alkylation of alkenes with carbonyl compounds through concomitant 1,2-aryl migration by photoredox catalysis
Authors: Lin Zhaowei , Lu Maojian , Liu Boyi , Gao Jing , Huang Mingqiang , Gan Zhenhong , Cai Shunyou
Published: August 2020

An efficient protocol for the construction of 1,5-diketones was realized in the presence of organic fluorophore 4CzIPN, diaryliodonium salt, and visible light irradiation.
A new V2O5–MoO3–TiO2–SO42−nanostructured aerogel catalyst for diesel DeNOxtechnology
Authors: Arfaoui Jihene , Ghorbel Abdelhamid , Petitto Carolina , Delahay Gerard
Published: August 2020

A new V2O5–MoO3–TiO2–SO42−nanostructured aerogel catalyst exhibits superior SCR activity compared to the V2O5–WO3/TiO2commercial catalyst (EUROCAT) at high temperatures (375–500 °C).
Flow hydrodynamics-dependent assembly of polymer-tethered gold nanoparticles in microfluidic channels
Authors: Mao Xi , Tan Zhengping , Lan Wei , Wang Huayang , Tan Haiying , Li Fan , Wang Ke , Wu Ming , Luo Xiaobing , Zhang Lianbin , Xu Jiangping , Zhu Jintao
Published: August 2020

Recently, self-assembly of polymer-tethered inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) in microfluidic chips has been employed as an effective approach to fabricate novel assemblies.
Prolonged electron lifetime in sulfur vacancy-rich ZnCdS nanocages by interstitial phosphorus doping for photocatalytic water reduction
Authors: Zhu Qiaohong , Xu Zehong , Yi Qiuying , Nasir Muhammad , Xing Mingyang , Qiu Bocheng , Zhang Jinlong
Published: August 2020

Sulfur vacancy-rich ZnCdS nanocages with interstitial P dopant atoms were fabricated. The promoted Fermi level caused by interstitial P doping facilitates the S vacancy level to be an effective electron trapping center, thus enhancing the photocatalytic performance.
Thermodynamic investigation of the interaction between ionic liquid functionalized gold nanoparticles and human serum albumin for selective determination of glutamine
Authors: Sahu Sushama , Reshma  , Sharma Srishti , Karbhal Indrapal , Ghosh Kallol K.
Published: August 2020

The excellent biocompatible and monodispersed gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized by amino based ionic liquid (IL) have been synthesized for the demonstration of their interaction with human serum albumin (HSA).
Photocatalytic partial oxidation of methanol to methyl formate under visible light irradiation on Bi-doped TiO2viatuning band structure and surface hydroxyls
Authors: Ma Yue , Yang Xuzhuang , Gao Guanjun , Yan Zhe , Su Haiquan , Zhang Bingbing , Lei Yanqiu , Zhang Yanbing
Published: August 2020

Bi-doped titania is well studied for photocatalytic partial oxidation of methanol to methyl formate under visible light irradiation.
Titanium oxide-coated titanium-loaded metal organic framework (MOF-Ti) nanoparticles show improved electrorheological performance
Authors: Sun Weijian , Ma Jiabin , Xi Zhenyu , Lin Yusheng , Wang Baoxiang , Hao Chuncheng
Published: August 2020

Core/shell MOF-Ti/TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized, which can exhibit enhanced smart electrorheological behavior under an external electric field.
One-step synthesis of golf ball-like thiol-functionalized silica particles
Authors: Liang Ruixue , Fang Xia , Qiu Biwei , Zou Hua
Published: August 2020

Golf ball-like thiol-functionalized silica particles were synthesized for the first time by a one-step sol–gel reaction using 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the precursors.
Lattice expansion and ligand twist during CO2 adsorption in flexible Cu bipyridine metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Marks Samuel D. , Riascos-Rodriguez Karina , Arrieta-Pérez Rodinson R. , Yakovenko Andrey A. , Exley Jason , Evans Paul G. , Hernández-Maldonado Arturo J.
Published: August 2020

Schematic depiction of the CO2 adsorption-induced lattice distortion and ligand rotation in CPL-5.
Unraveling vertical inhomogeneity in vapour phase polymerized PEDOT:Tos films
Authors: Chen Shangzhi , Petsagkourakis Ioannis , Spampinato Nicoletta , Kuang Chaoyang , Liu Xianjie , Brooke Robert , Kang Evan S. H. , Fahlman Mats , Crispin Xavier , Pavlopoulou Eleni , Jonsson Magnus P.
Published: August 2020

Vertical inhomogeneity found in vapour phase polymerized thin films of the conducting polymer PEDOT:Tos.
Ultrathin heterostructured covalent organic framework membranes with interfacial molecular sieving capacity for fast water-selective permeation
Authors: Yang Hao , Wu Hong , Zhao Yumeng , Wang Meidi , Song Yimeng , Cheng Xuanxuan , Wang Hongjian , Cao Xingzhong , Pan Fusheng , Jiang Zhongyi
Published: August 2020

Ultrathin heterostructured covalent organic framework membranes were fabricated through vapor–liquid interfacial synthesis for efficient liquid separations.
A longitudinally expanded Ni-based metal–organic framework with enhanced double nickel cation catalysis reaction channels for a non-enzymatic sweat glucose biosensor
Authors: Xuan Xiaoyang , Qian Min , Pan Likun , Lu Ting , Han Lu , Yu Huangze , Wan Lijia , Niu Yueping , Gong Shangqing
Published: August 2020

A longitudinally expanded Ni-Based metal–organic framework with enhanced double nickel cation catalysis reaction channels was used for a non-enzymatic sweat glucose biosensor.
White hyperelectrofluorescence from solution-processable OLEDs based on phenothiazine substituted tetraphenylethylene derivatives
Authors: Khan Faizal , Urbonas Ervinas , Volyniuk Dmytro , Grazulevicius Juozas V. , Mobin Shaikh M. , Misra Rajneesh
Published: August 2020

Mechanochromic emitters with an appropriate combination of properties for white hyperfluorescent solution-processable organic light emitting diodes were developed involving phenothiazine, tetraphenylethylene, and electron withdrawing groups.
Y-shaped tricatenar azobenzenes – functional liquid crystals with synclinic–anticlinic transitions and spontaneous helix formation
Authors: Alaasar Mohamed , Poppe Silvio , Cao Yu , Chen Changlong , Liu Feng , Zhu Chenhui , Tschierske Carsten
Published: August 2020

The photoisomerizable functional azobenzene unit is organized in synclinic hexatic, anticlinic smectic and bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline phases as well as in achiral or mirror symmetry broken isotropic network liquids.
Communication Assessment for Individuals With Minimal Verbal Skills: A Survey of Current Practices and Satisfaction
Authors: Muller Kristen , Brady Nancy C. , Fleming Kandace K. , Matthews Kris
Published: August 2020

Purpose

There are few tools developed specifically to assess communication in people with minimal verbal skills. The literature suggests that “gold standard” assessment practice includes a combination of three components: observation, direct assessment, and indirect assessment. The purpose of this study was to describe the assessment methods practitioners and researchers currently use to measure communication skills in individuals with minimal verbal skills. We also wanted to gain information about professionals' satisfaction with their current assessment methods, as well as the factors they consider when selecting assessments for this population.

Method

A 24-question survey, composed of forced-choice, multiple-choice, Likert-type, and open-ended questions, was disseminated online using LimeSurvey. A total of 217 individuals responded to the survey. Results from the questionnaire were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods.

Results

The number and type of assessments used varied. Observation was the assessment method identified most frequently. Nineteen percent of the respondents reported using the gold standard approach (i.e., observation + direct + indirect). Many respondents were dissatisfied with some or many aspects of their current assessment method. Respondents who used the gold standard approach reported that their assessment method assisted in setting goals significantly better than those who did not use this approach. Comprehensiveness of skills assessed as well as ease and comfort level of the examinee were key factors in assessment selection.

Conclusions

Results from this survey suggest the need to continue to promote using multiple forms of assessment for individuals with minimal verbal skills. In addition, it points to the need to develop additional effective assessment methods for individuals with minimal verbal skills.