bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of land use and land abandonment at the municipal level: example of Samara region
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics, Vasilieva Darya , Parsova Velta ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Vlasov Alexsandr ,   Samara State University of Economics, Tarbaev Vladimir
Published: April 2021

The article discusses modern legal regulation of land monitoring and necessary changes in appropriate legislation. Land monitoring is divided into monitoring of land use and monitoring of land quality. The problem of land abandonment or non-use of land resources on the example of Samara region, where more than 75 % of territory is agricultural land has been studied. Inverse relationship between remoteness of local municipality from centre of the Samara-Togliatti agglomeration and area of unfarmed agricultural land has been analysed. Since the start of land reform, large areas of abandoned land have appeared in Samara region. The information on unfarmed agricultural land on municipal level of Samara region has been presented and the changes in their quality conditions are characterized. At federal level the program for prevention and elimination of land abandonment has been developed and implemented, the results of this program have been analysed. However, there are significant problems in monitoring of land conditions. It is proved that absence of single authority for land management on national level and fragmentation of this function across different federal ministries leads to uncoordinated actions and lack of reliable information about land quality. As result, land quality continues to deteriorate, degradation processes are going on. At municipal level there are no possibilities and necessary investigation materials for land management and monitoring. The following measures are proposed as main recommendations for solving land use and land abandonment problems: creation of single authority for land stock management, implementation of comprehensive inventory of land on municipal level, improvement of cadastral valuation system according updated materials and technologies, as well as certification of agricultural land for soil quality and properties. The purpose of the research was the study of results of land monitoring in Samara region for analysis of dynamics of land stock and identification of main reasons for formation of unused (abandoned) agricultural land in the region. It is proved that land stock of Samara region mainly consists of agricultural lands, and most part of them (60 %) are owned by citizens. Significant problem of land use is the availability of unused arable land, which is 8 % on average in the region, but in local municipalities it ranges from 0 % to 29 %. The highest proportion of unused arable land is located in areas closer to Samara-Togliatti agglomeration, where most of the land has been privatized by individuals for conversion to other land categories and further resale, as well as problems with uncontrolled urbanization there have been observed.
Barriers of teacher training in the implementation of distance learning technologies in modern education
Authors: Mukhametshin Lenar Minnekhanovich , Karamova Klara Khakimovna , Salekhova Leila Leonardovna , Usmanov Salavat Fargatovich
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of using distance educational technologies, which are barriers in the educational process. The authors investigate the possibilities of taking into account the technical features of the functioning of distance learning technologies and e-learning in the legislation, as well the conditions and problems of using distance learning technologies and e-learning in the educational process. The relevance of the problem is in improving the training of teachers for professional activities in the context of modern tendency in the informatization of education. Professional training is based on the inclusion of innovative activities in the educational process of a pedagogical university aimed at organizing creative informational interaction of students and teachers in the process of mastering e-learning technologies. In accordance with the new amendments in the Federal Law “About Education” the problem of including distance educational technologies in schools actualizes. In the article the directions of teachers’ professional training for distance learning are defined, the main forms of teachers' professional training in the field of distance educational technologies at the stage of training at a pedagogical university and advanced training are listed as well. But there are barriers that impede the use of distance learning technologies and e-learning in the educational process. The difference between distance educational technologies and electronic education is whether there is a direct cooperation between the teacher and the student or not. If it is carried out and with using information technology, technical means, we are talking about e-learning. If the interaction is mediated - through the Internet, then this is distance learning. An educational organization has the right to use one or both forms of educational program implementation. It is important to prepare future teachers for the use of distance learning technologies in professional activities in the global process of informatization and digitalization of education.
Illustrative presentation in formation of ESL students’ lexical skills
Authors: Mansurovich Shangareev Mustafa , Karimova Anna Anatolyevna , Khasanova Oksana Vladimirovna , Shustova Svetlana Viktorovna
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of forming and developing lexical skills by modern multimedia means of visualization in the ESL classroom. Modern technologies have been led to new possibilities to integrate multimedia tools and means of visualization in the ESL classroom. The aim of this paper is to analyze the current ESL coursebooks and coursebook supplements and give recommendations to teachers how to use the sufficient range of means of visualization effectively. As a part of research different types of questionnaires were handed to teachers and first-year students of Bachelor’s Program "Pedagogical Education (double major) and Second Foreign language " (5 years, full time) of Kazan State University. After this, a set of classes was organized for two groups of first-year students. The outcomes have been measured with qualitative and quantitative methods. The results show that the teachers do not use means of visualization and are not ready to make them the integral part of everyday lessons due to time management issues, lack of methodical ways of organization of educational process. Due to these results it can be resumed that using multimedia means of visualization as tools in the ESL classroom is highly beneficial for students and enhanced the learning process.
Monitoring studies of university graduates’ satisfaction with the quality of education: the main approaches
Authors: Avramkova Irina Semenovna , Anufrieva Natalya I. , Kamyanets Alexander Vladlenovich , Kuznetsova Elena Olegovna , Scherbakova Anna I.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The article actualizes the problem of monitoring the qualitative indicators of higher education in modern Russian universities. The opportunities for monitoring to identify the levels of university graduates’ satisfaction with the obtained education considering the rapidly changing socio-cultural and economic conditions are disclosed. Goal: substantiation of heuristic possibilities for monitoring the quality of higher education in accordance with the social demand. Methods. At the basis of the study methodology lies the systemic approach allowing the authors to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the specific features of monitoring. The analysis, generalization, and classification of the main indicators constituting the foundation for the study of university graduates’ satisfaction with the quality of education are conducted. Results. The article presents the results of monitoring studies and proposes a classification of methodological and methodical approaches to the study of the topic. Scientific novelty. The topic of monitoring university graduates’ satisfaction with the quality of education allows the authors to explore the main relevant problems of modern universities and disclose the potential of higher education. Practical significance. The acquired study results can be used in further research, scientific and methodical developments, and project activity aimed at improving students’ satisfaction with the educational process and promote the quality of pedagogical work.
Determination of uranium in solutions by the neutron activation analysis method with 252Cf radionuclide neutron source
Authors: Ivannikov Sergei , Markin Nikita , Zheleznov Veniamin
Published: April 2021

A determination option for 238U in solutions by the neutron activation analysis was investigated. A radionuclide treatment based on 252Cf was used as a neutron source. The limit for the determination of uranium using thermal neutrons of 0.1 mgL?1 was determined within the research framework. With the help of the preliminary concentration of the sample via the evaporation method, it is possible to further reduce the detection limit by 2-5 times. It is defined that the optimal time for measuring the induced activity of the sample when working with a short-life isotope of 239U, is 30 minutes. The influence of the effects of scattering and self-absorption of gamma radiation of the uranium line 74.6 keV on the results of the neutron activation analysis was determined. The studies conducted made it possible to determine uranium by the neutron activation analysis method in solutions of various compositions, in a wide range of concentrations.
Biochemical Urine Testing of Medication Adherence and Its Association With Clinical Markers in an Outpatient Population of Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Analysis in the DIAbetes and LifEstyle Cohort Twente (DIALECT)
Authors: Beernink Jelle M. , Oosterwijk Milou M. , Khunti Kamlesh , Gupta Pankaj , Patel Prashanth , van Boven Job F.M. , Lambers Heerspink Hiddo J. , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Navis Gerjan , Nijboer Roos M. , Laverman Gozewijn D.
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE

To assess adherence to the three main drug classes in real-world patients with type 2 diabetes using biochemical urine testing, and to determine the association of nonadherence with baseline demographics, treatment targets, and complications.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Analyses were performed of baseline data on 457 patients in the DIAbetes and LifEstyle Cohort Twente (DIALECT) study. Adherence to oral antidiabetics (OADs), antihypertensives, and statins was determined by analyzing baseline urine samples using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Primary outcomes were microvascular and macrovascular complications and treatment targets of LDL cholesterol, HbA1c, and blood pressure. These were assessed cross-sectionally at baseline.

RESULTS

Overall, 89.3% of patients were identified as adherent. Adherence rates to OADs, antihypertensives, and statins were 95.7%, 92.0%, and 95.5%, respectively. The prevalence of microvascular (81.6% vs. 66.2%; P = 0.029) and macrovascular complications (55.1% vs. 37.0%; P = 0.014) was significantly higher in nonadherent patients. The percentage of patients who reached an LDL cholesterol target of ≤2.5 mmol/L was lower (67.4% vs. 81.1%; P = 0.029) in nonadherent patients. Binary logistic regression indicated that higher BMI, current smoking, elevated serum LDL cholesterol, high HbA1c, presence of diabetic kidney disease, and presence of macrovascular disease were associated with nonadherence.

CONCLUSIONS

Although medication adherence of real-world type 2 diabetes patients managed in specialist care was relatively high, the prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular complications was significantly higher in nonadherent patients, and treatment targets were reached less frequently. This emphasizes the importance of objective detection and tailored interventions to improve adherence.
Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) Science Plan: Exciting Opportunities Using OOI Data
Authors:   Ocean Observatories Initiative Facility Board
Published: April 2021

Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) Science Plan: Exciting Opportunities Using OOI Data articulates the exciting research, educational opportunities, and pathways to advancing the understanding of high-priority science questions using OOI data. Specifically, this Science Plan is intended to inspire and enable the research endeavors of ocean scientists and educators, encourage collaborations, and motivate the training of future generations of scientists. This document highlights the broad science themes and provides examples of important multidisciplinary science questions that require the OOI’s novel technology. Sidebars from scientists using OOI data illustrate the novel approaches being used to address long-standing science questions that are hard to address using ship-based expeditionary practices. The Science Plan includes a high-level synopsis of the current ocean network, OOI program management, and data quality control and delivery. Innovative platforms and technologies are highlighted, as well as best practices developed by the OOI program. The Plan includes examples of educational opportunities and new applications provided by OOI data and ocean observing concepts. Community Engagement activities promoted by the OOI are featured. The document describes the ways in which current U.S. interagency partnerships and international collaborations make use of the OOI network in unique ways. Finally, information on how scientists and educators can participate in the OOI is provided.
New Challenges Imposed by the Pandemic on a Ukrainian University
Authors: Matvienko Olga , Kuzmina Svitlana , Yamchynska Tamara , Kuzmin Yevhenyi , Glazunova Tamara
Published: April 2021

The article’s main aim is to highlight the challenges English language education faced in Ukraine after the outbreak of the pandemic. Since Ukrainian education had traditionally been face-to-face before the crisis, and technology integration was slow, the lack of online infrastructure and distance learning methodologies in Ukrainian universities aggravated uncertainty and anxiety regarding learning quality. The authors show how the Vinnytsia State Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi Pedagogical University (VSPU) withstands the challenge of reflecting on the experience, which might be typical of higher education institutions. The research engages 321 future teachers of English and applies mixed methods. The significance lies in consolidated effort and capacity to modernize that yield positive outcomes, despite insufficient experience and funding. It also states that student opinions count.
The Effects of COVID-19 on EFL Learners’ Anxiety at the University of Bisha
Authors: Mohammed Saeed Mohammed Ghazwan , Abdulhakim DM Mudhsh Badri
Published: April 2021

This study investigates the effects of COVID-19 on English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ anxiety at the University of Bisha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The differences between male and female learners and learners of the different study levels in terms of anxiety caused by COVID-19 were investigated. Moreover, the study sheds light on two factors which are the internal factors and external factors that increase learning anxiety during COVID-19 and the strategies used by the learners to decrease the negative effects of COVID-19 on learning anxiety. The data of the study were collected from 80 EFL learners (40 males and 40 females) at the University of Bisha. This study is considerable as it deals with something that is important in the learning and teaching processes these days. The study revealed that COVID-19 causes normal anxiety to the EFL learners at the University of Bisha. It was also revealed that there is no significant difference between the male and female learners in terms of anxiety caused by COVID-19 and external factors. There is a significant difference between them in terms of the internal factors and strategies used by the learners to decrease the negative effects of learning anxiety during COVID-19. Lastly, there was no significant difference between the learners of the different study levels in terms of anxiety, internal factors and external factors that increase negative learning anxiety and the strategies used by the learners to decrease the negative learning anxiety during COVID-19.
EFL Students Affective Attitudes towards Distance E-Learning Based on Moodle Platform during the Covid-19the Pandemic: Perspectives from Dr. MoulayTahar University of Saida, Algeria
Authors: BENADLA Djamel , HADJI Mohamed
Published: April 2021

The practice of the online learning system in Algeria is novel. However, with the spread of Covid 19, Algerian universities have been compelled to undertake remote and digital teaching. The University of Dr. MoulayTahar in Saida has arbitrarily hastened in implementing E-learning as an alternative teaching measure to maintain both positive educational outcomes and keep students safe and healthy. This research purports to examine how the University of Dr. MoulayTahar in Saida has used Moodle platform to facilitate the teaching process during the Covid 19. This paper, therefore, stresses the issues of distance e-learning that challenge both teachers and students alike. The researchers attempt to answer the following question: What are the affective attitudes of EFL students towards distance learning assisted with Moodle Platform during the Coronavirus? To supply an adequate answer to the raised question, the researchers have selected a sample of 157 participants. The researchers collected data through a questionnaire and delivered copies to the participants. The findings revealed that both the teachers and the learners were not well prepared for an online learning experience. That there are more disadvantages than advantages. The results of the research conveyed that the technical skills, the teachers’ lack of experience as well as the social situation of the students have made E. learning a complex process. The analysis also revealed that Master students have negative attitudes towards e-learning, and they would prefer face-to-face interaction in the classroom and handouts more than virtual learning.
Revealing the Process: An Infrared Photographic Analysis of the Work of Paul Kane
Authors: Longo Ian E.
Published: April 2021

The ability to examine a painter’s working methods is not only valuable to art historians and conservators

but, in the case of the early Canadian painter, Paul Kane (1810-1871), provides crucial information as to the accuracy and historical value of many of the scenes he painted. Paul Kane’s approximately 130 works in oil, painted in his Toronto studio from sketches made during his two voyages through the Canadian northwest during the 1840s, have told us much about the culture and lifestyle of the Métis, Sioux and other native Canadian peoples before the advent of photography. The historical accuracy of these paintings has now been called into question by the use of low-cost infrared photography. By utilizing infrared photography in the 700-1100nm range, we are now able to see what lies beneath the surface layers of oil paint and see the many changes Kane made between his observations in the field and his final product in the studio. Changes range from the slight adjustment of a headdress to the creation of entirely fictional features in the landscape. In some cases changes were made to conform to the expectations of his patrons. Although infrared photography has already been used in the world of art history for some time, recent advances in modifying consumer-level DSLR cameras, the development of advanced quartz-fluoride optics, and novel imaging processing techniques have transformed Infrared photography into an affordable and efficient way to study Paul Kane’s artistic process.
Legal Problems on Regional Head Election during COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Nargis Nila , Satriawan M. Iwan
Published: April 2021

The problem of the Covid-19 disease outbreak in Indonesia is of particular concern. This epidemic caused political and economic shocks to the state administration system. The problems that exist are related to the implementation of the Regional Head Election during the pandemic. This paper aims to find out the legal issues of regional head elections during a pandemic. The method used is the normative juridical method. The results of this paper show that the legal problem lies in the aspect of regulatory implementation. The government must continue to work hand in hand with handling the covid-19 outbreak and still prioritize the health of Indonesian citizens. Of course, the implementation of Regional Head Election does not violate the law based on Regulation in Lieu of Law No.2 of 2020 concerning the third amendment to Law No.1 of 2015 concerning Regional Head Election.
The consequences of using widely available non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Authors: Synoweć Joanna , Pogorzelczyk Katarzyna , Robakowska Marlena , Ślęzak Daniel , Żuratyński Przemysław , Nadolny Klaudiusz , Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska Wioletta
Published: April 2021

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used throughout the world due to their wide availability and a broad range of effects. Patients have easy access to these drugs in pharmacies and cosmetic shops, with the latter ones rarely having personnel qualified to provide advice on dosage. NSAIDs are usually administered to manage pain, fever and inflammation. They are used for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, oropharyngeal inflammations or in the treatment of chronic pain. Nevertheless, they are most often used for home treatment of common conditions, such as cold. However, NSAIDs can cause multiple adverse effects. They adversely affect the gastrointestinal tract, contribute to hypertension, show hepatotoxic properties, exacerbate respiratory diseases, induce allergies and haematological complications. Adverse effects may occur both due to overdose, as well as independently of the dose. The aim of this review is to present adverse effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the awareness of Poles concerning the use of NSAIDs, as well as measures to be taken in order to limit the adverse health consequences of the use of these drugs.
Tobacco harm reduction – time for grassroots action
Authors: Dworniczak Mirosław
Published: April 2021

The fight against tobacco smoking is one of the priorities of contemporary health prevention. Previous, globally used methods were effective only to some point. The introduction of new devices, such as electronic cigarettes and heat-not-burn products, provides an opportunity to extend the list of tools supporting the fight against smoking. Considering the limited knowledge of professional advisors in this regard, the paper presents basic data on electronic cigarettes, e-liquids, and the possible adverse effects. In Poland, these new devices met with distrust and even reluctance of decision-making authorities, resulting in the lack of reliable data on these products addressed to the medical community. Therefore, it was proposed that healthcare personnel being in direct contact with patients should gain access to knowledge on electronic cigarettes, which is essential for advising those who wish to quit the addiction. With minimum information about these products, they will be able to convey this knowledge to their patients. At the same time, attention was drawn to the risks associated with the use of these products by children and adolescents.
Gluteal protuberance as a first symptom of branched pilonidal sinus with anal fistula – case report
Authors: Krasińska Katarzyna , Głowacki Szymon , Pokładowski Tomasz , Orchowski Feliks
Published: April 2021

The authors present the case of a patient who underwent a surgery due to a branched pilonidal sinus with branching to anal sphincters and a purulent cistern in the left buttock. The lesion was diagnosed accidentally. The patient’s main ailments were non-specific buttock pains experienced for several months, which were followed by periodic febrile states. Advanced diagnostics of this region was planned and carried out. The patient was qualified for Bascom II procedure with simultaneous excision of the anal fistula tract and opening of the left buttock fluid cistern. No complications were observed in the postoperative course. The follow-up after 2 months showed no recurrence. The authors emphasize the fact that the lesions of the gluteal cleft are difficult to diagnose, diagnosed late and often asymptomatic. Proper diagnostics and proper surgical technique allow for complete cure.
Transanal endoscopic microsurgery – a case report
Authors: Głowacki Szymon , Pokładowski Tomasz , Ogłuszka Jerzy , Orchowski Feliks
Published: April 2021

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is currently a method of choice for adenomas located up to 20 cm from the anal verge, which cannot be removed using endoscopy. We present a case of a 67-year-old patient with rectal tumour, which was initially diagnosed as a neoplastic lesion with low-grade dysplasia and was treated using this method. We emphasise that this type of management is also advisable in the absence of the possibility of obtaining a histopathological result corresponding to the clinical features of the lesion. The tumour was located low in the distal rectum, reaching the sphincters on the posterior wall. The tumour had a diameter of 2 x 3.5 cm. Diagnostic imaging showed features suggestive of a neoplastic lesion. A complete resection of the tumour was performed using a surgical rectoscope. The wound was closed with a continuous, braided, absorbable suture. Hospital stay was 5 days. The resected specimen was diagnosed as G1 adenocarcinoma. A follow-up 4 weeks after the surgery showed a healed wound, with no signs of incontinence. Continence was assessed using the Wexner Continence Scale. After oncological consultation, the patient was qualified for adjuvant radiation therapy. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) proved to be a safe and effective method in the presented case of rectal tumour with low-grade dysplasia.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBUAT VIDEO CUT OUT ANIMATION BAGI SANTRI PONDOK PESANTREN ROUDLOTUL MUDARITSIN KUNINGAN
Authors: Yulyanto Yulyanto , Supriyadi Sugeng , Krisdiawan Rio Andriyat , Lesmana Iwan , Rasul Muh Abi
Published: April 2021

The Community Disablement activity was carried out against the background of lack of knowledge about computer science, especially in the field of video animation among boarding school students. With this activity, it is expected to be able to improve their abilities in the field of animation and video editing, especially cut-out animation so that the students can develop their artistic spirit. The cut out animation video created is expected to be a means of conveying positive messages to the public. As we know lately a lot of irresponsible information that contains violence, hatred and heresy, this activity is expected to stimulate students to make videos or positive information content, to counteract the large amount of irresponsible information, with the ability making this animated video also expected students to package their da'wah becomes more interesting. This Community Service was conducted at the Raoudlotul Mudaritsin Islamic Boarding School in Sukamukti Village, Jalaksana District, Kuningan Regency and was attended by 30 students. Where the final result of this devotion is to make a cut-out animated video product created by the students. Thus, the students have the knowledge and experience step by step to make an animated cut-out videoKegiatan Pengabidan Masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan latar belakang minimnya pengetahuan mengenai ilmu komputer khususnya dalam bidang animasi video dikalangan santri pondok pesantren. Dengan adanya kegiatan ini, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kemampuannya dibidang animasi dan video editing khususnya cut out animation sehingga para santri dapat mengembangkan jiwa seni yang dimilikinya. Video animasi cut out yang dibuat diharapkan dapat menjadi sarana menyampaikan pesan-pesan positif kepada masyarakat. Sebagaimana kita ketahui akhir-akhir ini banyak sekali informasi yang tidak bertanggungjawab yang berisikan kekerasan, kebencian dan ajaran sesat, kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat merangsang para santri untuk membuat video atau konten informasi  yang positif, guna menangkal banyaknya informasi yang tidak bertanggung jawab tersebut, dengan kemampuan membuat video animasi ini diharapkan juga santri dapat mengemas dakwahnya menjadi lebih menarik. Kegiatan Pengabdian ini dilakukan di Aula Pondok Pesantren Raoudlotul Mudaritsin Desa Sukamukti Kecamatan Jalaksana Kabupaten Kuningan dan diikuti oleh 30 santri. Dimana hasil akhir dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah membuat produk video animasi cut out hasilkarya para santri. Sehingga, para santri memiliki pengetahuan dan pengalaman langkah demi langkah membuat video animasi cut out
STEREOTIP KEHIDUPAN WARIA DALAM NOVEL RUMAH ILALANG KARYA STEBBY JULIONATAN
Authors: Sugiarto Agus Syaiputra , Andalas Eggy Fajar
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui Stereotip yang melekat pada kehidupan waria dalam novel Rumah Ilalang karya Stebby Julionatan. Stereotip yang dimaksud adalah gambaran atau cerminan kehidupan waria yang terjadi pada lingkungan masyarakat dalam karya sastra. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif-kualitatif dengan pendekatan Sosiologi Sastra. Sumber penelitian ini berasal dari novel Rumah Ilalang karya Stebby Julionatan. Data penelitian ini berupa kutipan, kalimat, dan paragraf yang berupa gambaran atau cerminan kehidupan waria. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode membaca Novel dan mengidentifikasikan konteks permasalahan yang akan diteliti. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Humberman melalui langkah-langkah (1) penyeleksian data, (2) pemaparan data, dan (3) penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil memperlihatkan waria direpresentasikan dalam tiga aspek, yaitu (1) tidak beragama, (2) tidak memiliki pekerjaan yang tetap, (3) tidak diterima dengan baik oleh masyarakat.KATA KUNCI: novel rumah ilalang; stereotip; waria STEREOTYPES OF TRANSVESTITE LIFE IN RUMAH ILALANG BY STEBBY JULIONATAN ABSTRACT: This study aims to determine the stereotypes inherent in transvestite life in the Rumah Ilalang by Stebby Julionatan. This stereotype is a picture or reflection of transvestite life that occurs in the community environment in literary works in the form of novels. This type of research is descriptive-qualitative research with a sociological approach to literature. The source of this research is Rumah Ilalang by Stebby Julionatan. This research datas are the form of quotes, sentences, and paragraphs in the form of a picture or reflection of the life of transvestites. Data collection techniques are done by reading novels and identifying the context of the problem to be studied. The data analysis technique used in this study is the data analysis design presented by Miles and Humberman through the steps (1) selecting data, (2) disclosing data, and (3) drawing conclusions. The result show transgenders were represented in three aspects, namely (1) not having religion, (2) not having a permanent job, (3) not being well received by the community.KEYWORDS: rumah ilalang novels; stereotypes; transvestite
The role of the institution of temporary marriage in Iranian culture
Authors: Mokhtari Seyedeh Rezvaneh
Published: April 2021

In the history of Iran, the institution of temporary marriage is old-established. However, in different historical periods this institution had different forms and functions. Although temporary marriage did not receive public recognition among the Iranian people, this institution continues to exist in the Iranian society. The author attempts to determine the reasons for its perpetuation in the Iranian culture. Analysis is conducted on the dynamics of transformations of the institution of temporary marriage in the Iranian culture in different historical periods. The conclusions are acquired using the method of comparative-historical analysis of historical manuscripts and written testimonies. The author classifies and describes the three historical periods “Ancient Iran”, “The Initial Period of Islam prior to the Islamic Republic”, and “The Islamic Republic”. The results demonstrate that the institution of temporary marriage, which emerged on the basis of patriarchal culture of Iranian society, legitimately met individual needs, such as sexual desire, childbearing, livelihood; and social needs, such as inheritance, strengthening of social ties. In each historical period, this institution also performed special cultural functions revealed in the course of this research. There is yet no comprehensive and documented historical research, which would compare all historical periods in a single work.
The principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples within the system of the fundamental principles of international law
Authors: Kagramanov Azer Kagraman Ogly
Published: April 2021

The subject of this research is the place and role of the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples within the system of the fundamental principles of international law. Analysis is conducted  on the basic questions of the theory of international law – correlation between the principle of self-determination with other peremptory norms (jus cogens) and moral-ethical categories. Special attention is given to the problem of building a hierarchy of the fundamental principles of international law. A bias towards one of them leads to the disruption of the international system and order, and any attempts to extract a single link out of closely related principles of the international law are doomed to fail. The conclusion is drawn that multiple experts in international law try to build the system by extracting key link, which raises serious doubts. The author believes that all the principles of international law are interrelated and equal. The emerged at the turn of the XX – XXI centuries international legal concept of the “Responsibility to Protect” is of crucial importance. The concept interacts with the principle of respect for the human rights. The author concludes that universalization of human rights at the current stage of development of the international law can reveal the new aspects of the problems of state sovereignty and the right to self-determination. The author warns against the attempts to universalize human rights by giving priority, along with other principles. The author follows the logic of correlation of the principle of self-determination with other fundamental principles of international law such as: nonintervention in the internal affairs and non-use of force or threat of force, sovereignty, peaceful settlement of disputes by all means known to international law, cooperation between states and diligent discharge of obligations in accordance with the international law underlie the solution to the problem of self-determination; if various aspects of this problem extend beyond a single state, then acquire international scale.
The effect of the principle of good faith in the EU law upon English contract law during Britain’s membership of the European Union
Authors: Vinokurov Sergei Nikolaevich
Published: April 2021

The subject of this research is the effect of international legal representations of good faith reflected in the EU law upon English contract law pertaining to apparent borrowing and interpretation of this doctrine during Britain’s membership of the European Union. The author reviews the content of representations of good faith in English contract law, as well as probable changes of these views under the influence of EU law. The author determines the similarities and differences in interpretation of this concept in English common law during Britain’s membership of the European Union. A number of European directives that regulate international public relations and international private relations in the European Union contain the requirement of fair business practice and compliance with the requirements of good faith. Although, these acts had supremacy over British national legislation, which left a mark on English legal doctrine. The main conclusions consist in the establishment of versatile nature of the international legal concept of good faith of the EU law and the effect of representations of this concept upon the views of British legal experts in the field of English contract law. The article presents the contrary viewpoints on the content of requirements of good faith in the EU law and their perception by English contract law on the practical and doctrinal levels. The author also reveals certain common features and fundamental differences in interpretation of good faith in the EU law based on the EU normative acts and decisions of the European Court of Justice, as well as in the British landmark decisions and normative acts that regulate contractual relations in England and Wales.
Awake prone positioning for COVID-19 patients at Eka Kotebe General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Asrat Yidnekachew , Huluka Dawit Kebede , Getachew Nebiyu , Abule Hiluf Abate , Araya Hiruy , Tadesse Bethelehem , Deyessa Negussie , Haisch Deborah A. , Schluger Neil W. , Sherman Charles B.
Published: April 2021

Objectives:

The objectives of the study were to evaluate the benefit of awake prone positioning in COVID-19 patients hospitalized at Eka Kotebe General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Materials and Methods:

Consecutive patients with COVID-19 who require supplemental oxygen to maintain oxygen saturation of ≥90% during the month of October 2020 were enrolled. Structured questionnaires were employed to collect data. Admission oxygen saturation was recorded for each patient before and after their first proning session. Analysis of descriptive and comparison statistics was done using SPSS version 25.

Results:

A total of 61 patients were included in the study. The mean age (+SD) for the cohort was 55.4 (+16.9) years. The average duration of proning was 5+2.5 h/session and 8+6 h/day. The average oxygen saturation before proning was 89% (SD 5.2) and 93% (SD 2.8) 1 h after proning (P < 0.001); supplemental oxygen requirements significantly decreased with prone ventilation, before proning: FiO2 0.33 (+0.14) versus 1 h after prone ventilation: FiO2 0.31 (+0.13) (P < 0.001). Oxygen improvement with prone ventilation was not associated with duration of illness or total prone position hours. When assessed at 28 days after admission, 55.7% (n = 34) had been discharged home, 1.6% (n = 1) had died, and 42.6 (n = 26) were still hospitalized.

Conclusion:

Awake prone positioning demonstrated improved oxygen saturation in our oxygen requiring COVID-19 patients. Even though further studies are needed to support causality and determine the effect of proning on disease severity and mortality, early institution of prone ventilation in appropriate oxygen requiring COVID-19 patients should be encouraged.
Insights Into the Electric Double-Layer Capacitance of the Two-Dimensional Electrically Conductive Metal-Organic Framework Cu3(HHTP)2
Authors: Gittins Jamie W. , Balhatchet Chloe J. , Chen Yuan , Liu Cheng , Madden David G. , Britto Sylvia , Golomb Matthias , Walsh Aron , Fairen-Jimenez David , Dutton Sian , Forse Alexander C.
Published: April 2021

Two-dimensional electrically conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising model electrodes for use in electric double-layer capacitors (EDLC). Here, we demonstrate the high capacitive performance of the framework Cu3(HHTP)2 (HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene) with an organic electrolyte and compare its behaviour with the previously reported analogue, Ni3(HITP)2 (HITP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene). At low current densities of 0.04 – 0.05 A g−1, Cu3(HHTP)2 electrodes exhibit a specific capacitance of 110 – 114 F g−1 and show modest capacitance retentions (66 %) at current densities up to 2 A g−1 , mirroring the performance of Ni3(HITP)2 and suggesting that capacitive performance is largely independent of the identity of the metal node and organic linker molecule. However, we find a limited cell voltage window of 1.3 V and only moderate capacitance retention (86 %) over 30,000 cycles at a moderate current density of 1 A g−1, both significantly lower than state-of-the-art porous carbons. These important insights will aid the design of future conductive MOFs with improved performance in EDLCs.
A Simple Theoretical Analysis of the Burn-out Times of an Isothermal Particle of Coal Char Under Air-Firing, Gasification and Oxyfuel Combustion in Fluidised Beds
Authors: Omojola Toyin
Published: April 2021

Coal combustion in air, gasification with carbon dioxide and oxyfuel combustion in oxygen/carbon dioxide mixtures was studied at high process temperatures in a bubbling fluidised bed reactor where burning is controlled by external mass transfer conditions is considered. Theoretical analysis of the burn-out times of an isothermal particle of coal char in air is provided for the case where a fraction of carbon monoxide is oxidized close to the char particle. Burn-out time equations are provided for the gasification of char in carbon dioxide. Both burn-out time equations are compared to analytical equations derived for the oxy-fuel combustion of char particles in oxygen/carbon dioxide mixtures.
Flavin-Tag: A Facile Method for Site-Specific Labeling of Proteins with a Flavin Fluorophore
Authors: Tong Yapei , Lee Misun , Drenth Jeroen , Fraaije Marco
Published: April 2021

Flavin-tag: we developed a facile method to label a target protein with a flavin. By using a short peptide (Flavin-tag), recognized by a flavinylating enzyme, FMN can be covalently incorporated. Attachment of the flavin chromo- and fluorophore can be performed in vivo and in vitro rendering the Flavin-tag a flexible tool for protein labeling.
NEWS COVERAGE OF MAN-MADE EMERGENCIES (NORILSK ACCIDENT)
Authors: Кшинин Алексей Владиславович
Published: April 2021

Громкие экологические происшествия, в которых задействованы крупные предприятия, всегда очень активно муссируются в СМИ. В статье рассматриваются особенности освещения в средствах массовой информации катастроф техногенного характера (на примере аварии в Норильске).

Gross environmental incidents, in which large enterprises are involved, are always discussed actively in the media. The article discusses the way the news cover man-made emergencies (Norilsk accident)
PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF ENGINEERING COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS IN THE EDUCATIONAL SPACE OF THE SCHOOL
Authors: Фаритов Анатолий Тависович
Published: April 2021

Изучается проблема подготовки школьников к будущей инженерной деятельности. Предложен комплекс педагогических условий (применение технологий трехмерного моделирования и прототипирования в образовательном процессе; организация проектной деятельности школьников по инженерному направлению; организация научного партнерства школы и вуза), способствующий формированию инженерной компетенции обучающихся основного общего образования. Изложены результаты эмпирического исследования по диагностике уровня сформированности инженерной компетенции обучающихся гимназии № 1 города Ульяновска.

The problem of preparing students for future engineering activities is studied. A set of pedagogical conditions that contribute to the formation of engineering competence of students of basic General education is proposed. The results of an empirical study on the diagnosis of the level of formation of engineering competence of students of the Ulyanovsk gymnasium are presented.
Traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine evidence map: a methodology to an overflowing field of data and noise
Authors: Schveitzer Mariana Cabral , Abdala Carmen Verônica Mendes , Portella Caio Fabio Schlechta , Ghelman Ricardo
Published: April 2021

Every day there is criticism about lack of evidence on traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine (TCIM). But is this narrative evidence-based? Are we really missing research about TCIM? Or are we just not looking correctly at the evidence? Evidence maps are a useful method with the dual function of synthesizing available evidence on a specific topic and identifying knowledge gaps. This article presents a six-step evidence map methodology along with recently published TCIM evidence maps, including one related to COVID-19. TCIM evidence maps are useful instruments to inform decision-making for policymakers, health practitioners, and patients.
Analysing documents and interpreting textbooks: Students' historical thinking skills in learning about the battle of Surabaya
Authors: Widiadi Aditya
Published: April 2021

This thesis examines how secondary students in Indonesia develop historical thinking skills through analysing documents and interpreting textbooks on a key historical event in Indonesia’s independence: the battle of Surabaya. Developing historical thinking skills poses a particular challenge in an Indonesian setting. Although history education has been largely aimed at fostering a spirit of nationalism and patriotism among younger people, the recent history curriculum (2013) requires teachers to foster historical thinking skills with their students. This poses a significant challenge for teachers who typically rely on lectures and textbooks with an official government perspective. Even those teachers who are motivated, have difficulties in accessing primary sources needed to stimulate students’ historical thinking.

There is a gap in the literature on historical thinking in Indonesia, and this research project contributes to how these challenges can be addressed. To examine how learning history through analysing documents and interpreting textbooks contribute to students’ historical thinking skills, this study was informed by the theoretical perspectives of critical pedagogy, cognitivism, threshold concepts, and connectivism. To collect and analyse the data, this study used a mixed methods intervention design. Participants in this study involved three history teachers from three different schools and 11th grade students (n = 191, age 16-19) that were divided into control and experimental groups. By using six data collection instruments, both quantitative and qualitative, this study conducted two phases of learning interventions.

Findings of this study show that analysing documents and interpreting textbooks (ADIT learning model) contributes to the development of students’ historical thinking skills. This was demonstrated by the experimental group who progressed better than those of the control group. However, both groups of students were challenged, especially when dealing with multiple sources and establishing their interpretative position. The findings of this study also show that the advancement of students’ historical thinking skills was closely related to students’ complex epistemic beliefs about history. Learning through analysing documents and interpreting textbooks, as well as using web-based historical sources, has proven to foster students’ historical thinking skills.