bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of dynamic friction in the appearance of periodic oscillations in mechanical systems
Authors: González-Carbajal J. , García-Vallejo D. , Domínguez J. , Freire E.
Published: September 2024

This article investigates the appearance of periodic mechanical oscillations associated with the transition between static and dynamic friction regimes. The study employs a mechanical system with one degree of freedom and a friction model recently proposed by Brown and McPhee, whose continuity and differentiability properties make it particularly appropriate for an analytical treatment of the equations. A bifurcation study of the system, including stability analysis, transformation to normal form and numerical continuation techniques, reveals that stable periodic orbits can be created either by a supercritical Hopf bifurcation or by a saddle-node bifurcation of limit cycles. The influence of all system parameters on the appearance of periodic oscillations is investigated in detail. In particular, the effect of the friction model parameters (static-to-dynamic friction ratio and transition speed between the static and dynamic regimes) on the bifurcation behavior of the system is addressed.
Spaced recall reduces forgetting of fundamental mathematical concepts in a post high school precalculus course
Authors: Lindquist Diane S. , Sparrow Brenda E. , Lindquist Joseph M.
Published: September 2024

The retention of fundamental mathematical skills is imperative to provide a foundation on which new skills are developed. Educators often lament about student retention. Cognitive scientists and educators have explored teaching methods that produce learning which endures over time. We wanted to know if using spaced recall quizzes would prevent our students from forgetting fundamental mathematical concepts at a post high school preparatory school where students attend for 1 year preparing to enter the United States Military Academy (USMA). This approach was implemented in a Precalculus course to determine if it would improve students’ long-term retention. Our goal was to identify an effective classroom strategy that led to student recall of fundamental mathematical concepts through the end of the academic year. The concepts that were considered for long-term retention were 12 concepts identified by USMA’s mathematics department as being fundamental for entering students. These concepts are taught during quarter one of the Precalculus with Introduction to Calculus course at the United States Military Academy Preparatory School. It is expected that students will remember the concepts when they take the post-test 6 months later. Our research shows that spaced recall in the form of quizzing had a statistically significant impact on reducing the forgetting of the fundamental concepts while not adversely effecting performance on current instructional concepts. Additionally, these results persisted across multiple sections of the course taught at different times of the day by six instructors with varying teaching styles and years of teaching experience.
PSMA PET/CT imaging and its application to prostate cancer treatment
Authors: Otani Tomoaki , Nakamoto Ryusuke , Umeoka Shigeaki , Nakamoto Yuji
Published: September 2024

Recognition of the importance of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT in the diagnosis of prostate cancer has steadily increased following the publication of extensive data on its diagnostic accuracy and impact on patient management over the past decade. Several recent clinical trials and investigations regarding PSMA PET/CT have been ongoing in our country, and this examination is expected to become increasingly widespread in the future. This review explains the characteristics of PSMA PET/CT, its diagnostic capabilities and superiority over other modalities, the three proposed PSMA PET/CT interpretation criteria (the European Association of Nuclear Medicine [EANM], the Prostate Cancer Molecular Imaging Standardized Evaluation [PROMISE], and the PSMA Reporting and Data System [PSMA-RADS]), and the application of PSMA PET/CT to prostate cancer treatment (improvement of local control, irradiation of oligometastases, and salvage radiotherapy), incorporating actual clinical images and the latest findings.
Hsa_circYARS interacts with miR-29a-3p to up-regulate IREB2 and promote laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma progression
Authors: Guo Zizhao , Zhao Yuxia , Guo Naicai , Xu Meng , Wang Xiaolei
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study was to investigate the carcinogenic capacity of circYARS in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and to reveal its potential mechanism as a competitive endogenous RNA.

Methods

The differentially expressed circRNA and mRNA in LSCC were detected by RT-qPCR. Dual luciferase reporter assay and RIP were conducted to test the interaction between circYARS, miR-29a-3p, and IREB2. The functional effects of these molecules were investigated by CCK-8, flow cytometry, colony formation assay, Transwell, Western blot, and xenotransplantation mouse models.

Results

In LSCC tissues and cell lines, circYARS and IREB2 levels were enhanced, while miR-29a-3p level was lowered. Depleting circYARS led to decreased IREB2 by promoting miR-29a-3p expression. As a result of miR-29a-3p enhancement or circYARS silence, the proliferative, migratory, and invasion of cancer cells were suppressed and apoptosis was stimulated.

Conclusion

circYARS is involved in the tumorigenicity and progression of LSCC through the miR-29a-3p/IREB2 axis, providing strategies and targets for therapeutic intervention of LSCC.
Composition operators on the algebra of Dirichlet series
Authors: Contreras Manuel D. , Gómez-Cabello Carlos , Rodríguez-Piazza Luis
Published: September 2024

The algebra of Dirichlet series $$\mathcal {A}({{\mathbb {C}}}_+)$$

A
(

C
+

)

consists on those Dirichlet series convergent in the right half-plane $${{\mathbb {C}}}_+$$

C
+

and which are also uniformly continuous there. This algebra was recently introduced by Aron, Bayart, Gauthier, Maestre, and Nestoridis. We describe the symbols $$\Phi :{{\mathbb {C}}}_+\rightarrow {{\mathbb {C}}}_+$$

Φ
:

C
+

→

C
+

giving rise to bounded composition operators $$C_{\Phi }$$

C
Φ

in $$\mathcal {A}({{\mathbb {C}}}_+)$$

A
(

C
+

)

and denote this class by $$\mathcal {G}_{\mathcal {A}}$$

G
A

. We also characterise when the operator $$C_{\Phi }$$

C
Φ

is compact in $$\mathcal {A}({{\mathbb {C}}}_+)$$

A
(

C
+

)

. As a byproduct, we show that the weak compactness is equivalent to the compactness for $$C_{\Phi }$$

C
Φ

. Next, the closure under the local uniform convergence of several classes of symbols of composition operators in Banach spaces of Dirichlet series is discussed. We also establish a one-to-one correspondence between continuous semigroups of analytic functions $$\{\Phi _t\}$$

{

Φ
t

}

in the class $$\mathcal {G}_{\mathcal {A}}$$

G
A

and strongly continuous semigroups of composition operators $$\{T_t\}$$

{

T
t

}

, $$T_tf=f\circ \Phi _t$$

T
t

f
=
f
∘

Φ
t

, $$f\in \mathcal {A}({{\mathbb {C}}}_+)$$

f
∈
A
(

C
+

)

. We conclude providing examples showing the differences between the symbols of bounded composition operators in $$\mathcal {A}({{\mathbb {C}}}_+)$$

A
(

C
+

)

and the Hardy spaces of Dirichlet series $$\mathcal {H}^p$$

H

p

and $$\mathcal {H}^{\infty }$$

H

∞

.
Dynamic Harmonic Distortion Analysis and Mitigation Strategies for DC Third Rail Systems
Authors: Hoo Dick Sang , Chua Kein Huat , Lim Yun Seng , Wang Li , Rajasekar N.
Published: September 2024

Harmonic distortions in DC third rail systems can cause overheating of electric motors and transformers. Single-tuned filters and shunt active harmonic filters (SAHFs) are often used to mitigate the harmonic distortions. However, there is a lack of studies on the effects of train dynamics on harmonic distortions. This paper aims to investigate the influence of dynamic train behaviors for a DC third rail system and provide recommendations for the design of single-tuned filters and SAHFs to mitigate the harmonic distortions. The traction power supply system of a DC third rail system in Malaysia is modeled using ETAP-eTraX and MATLAB-Simulink software for the investigation. The ETAP-eTraX software is used to accurately compute the dynamic behavior of the train, while MATLAB-Simulink allows for the assessment of the impact of train behavior on the rail track, as well as the harmonic effect of the railway power network on the train. The findings showed that the SAHF exhibits strong adaptability and superior filtering performance compared to the single-tuned filter in addressing dynamic harmonic distortion in traction power supply systems. This study emphasizes the significance of incorporating harmonic mitigation devices, particularly for managing dynamic harmonic distortion based on actual train consumption patterns.
Human-centered approaches in working environments needs ethical reflection—Experiences from KARL
Authors: Krings Bettina-Johanna , Frey Philipp
Published: September 2024

In our paper, we discuss some insights from our work in the regional Centre of Competence of Artificial Intelligence (KARL), which deals with the implementation and application of Artificial Intelligence in working and learning environments. We present a conceptual framework that we have developed to define social, legal and ethical dimensions of AI in working environments. As a first step, the article describes the definition of these aspects within the technical development processes in KARL with an emphasis on ethical issues. Furthermore, a practical example is used to illustrate how normative premises can be elaborated to inform the design process of AI-systems. Next, the process of development and implementation of AI-systems in working environments is taken into account. The article explicitly emphasises the importance of ethical reflection, i.e. on norms such as fairness, social sustainability and the creation of meaningful work, to inform in human-centered approaches to AI-based work.

Practical Relevance: This paper discusses a process-oriented, human-centred approach to AI-based work. The joint negotiation and definition of “human-centred work with AI” in each specific context with all concerned stakeholders lies at its heart. The concretisation of these implications is of great importance for the practical implementation of the overarching concept, as it is only in practice that it becomes clear whether and how a participatory design approach is successful, which areas of tension and problems arise and how these can be dealt with.
Reliability and validity assessment of instrument to measure sustainability practices at shipping ports in India
Authors: Kishore L. , Pai Yogesh P. , Shanbhag Parthesh
Published: September 2024

Sustainability has emerged as one of the most critical factors influencing the competitiveness of maritime shipping ports. This emergence has led to a surge in research publications on port sustainability-related topics. However, despite the increasing awareness and adoption of sustainability practices, documented literature on empirical studies with survey and interview data is very limited. Moreover, the existence of validated instruments to objectively assess sustainability through sustainability practices for shipping ports in India needs to be traced. This study contributes by validating an instrument to evaluate objectively sustainability practices in shipping ports by adopting a four-stage process, starting with item identification based on an extensive literature review, instrument evaluation by subject matter experts, assessing of the instrument with suitable content validation indices, and finally evaluating the validity and reliability of the hypothesized theoretical model. For content validation, Content Validity Index, Cohens Kappa coefficient, and Lawshe’s Content Validity Ratio were computed with the assessment by a subject matter expert panel comprising six members from the port industry as well as academicians cum researchers in the field of shipping ports. The content-validated instrument was administered to 200 samples comprising officer category port employees. The measurement model was evaluated and validated using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis to assess the extent to which the measured variables represent the theoretical construct of the study and ascertain the factor structure. The empirically validated instrument met the required guidelines of model fit, reliability, and construct validity measures and was found to be a confirmed model for measuring sustainability practices in shipping ports. Structural Equation Modeling methodology was adopted to explain the variance and the path relationship between the higher-order and lower-order constructs of sustainability. The results indicate that the economic dimensions are the major contributors to the overall sustainability of the port as they drive investments in environmental and social dimensions, leading to overall sustainable development. The study’s findings will be helpful for researchers, academicians, policymakers, and industry practitioners working towards sustainability practices that contribute to sustainable growth and development in the shipping industry.
Large language models, politics, and the functionalization of language
Authors: Kudina Olya , de Boer Bas
Published: September 2024

This paper critically examines the political implications of Large Language Models (LLMs), focusing on the individual and collective ability to engage in political practices. The advent of AI-based chatbots powered by LLMs has sparked debates on their democratic implications. These debates typically focus on how LLMS spread misinformation and thus hinder the evaluative skills of people essential for informed decision-making and deliberation. This paper suggests that beyond the spread of misinformation, the political significance of LLMs extends to the core of political subjectivity and action. It explores how LLMs contribute to political de-skilling by influencing the capacities of critical engagement and collective action. Put differently, we explore how LLMs shape political subjectivity. We draw from Arendt’s distinction between speech and language and Foucault’s work on counter-conduct to articulate in what sense LLMs give rise to political de-skilling, and hence pose a threat to political subjectivity. The paper concludes by considering how to reconcile the impact of LLMs on political agency without succumbing to technological determinism, and by pointing to how the practice of parrhesia enables one to form one’s political subjectivity in relation to LLMs.
Rhizobium as a biofertilizer for non-leguminous plants
Authors: Pereira Flory , Pereira Aaron , Menezes Larissa Danielle , Sawaikar Ranjita
Published: September 2024

Utilising biofertilizers is a sustainable alternative of integrated nutrient management in plants. Commercialized biofertilizers for non-legumes include Azotobacter and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB), without reported adverse effects on human health, including consumption of raw salad vegetables. However, no commercial biofertilizers for non-legumes are based on rhizobia, despite proven human safety from decades of legume inoculation research. A comparative analysis investigating the yield of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), and content of Lycopene, Vitamin C and antioxidants was undertaken to assess the potential commercial viability of Rhizobium as a biofertilizer for non-leguminous plants. Rhizobium amendment gave a lesser yield of tomatoes (3 ± 1) compared to Azotobacter (4 ± 1), but was better than the control (2 ± 1), and PSB (2 ± 1). It showed highest lycopene content (0.7 ± 0.02 mg/100 g) compared to other amendments. The Vitamin C (32.4 ± 0.01 mg/100 g) with Rhizobium amendment surpassed that of Azotobacter (24.9 ± 0.09 mg/100 g) and control (12.84 ± 0.03 mg/100 g). Antioxidant activity of cherry tomatoes grown in Rhizobium-amended soil, was 1.34 times higher than chemically-fertilized plant yield. This study therefore affirms the suitability of rhizobia as a biofertilizer for stimulating the growth and productivity of non-leguminous plants such as tomato (S. lycopersicum) and its potential to be commercialized for use in non-leguminous plants.
clocks replaced with : ; . [Deschooling Time in the Small Isles]
Authors: Simpson Kate Elspeth
Published: September 2024

The Scottish Small Isles – comprising Muck, Rùm, Eigg, Canna, and by extension, Coll – are geologically complex, with intersecting rock samples from the Archean (Lewisian Gneiss basements formed approximately 3 billion years ago), Proterozoic (Torridonian sandstone formed approximately 1 billion years ago), Mesozoic (sedimentation deposited approximately 200 million years ago) and Palaeocene (basalt formed approximately 55.8 million years ago as part of the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum event). This practice research article – drawing on palaeontology, kinaesthetic learning and creative writing – takes the Small Isles as a case study for what geologist Marcia Bjornerud defines as a discernible “timefulness” that humans should seek to attain: “an acute consciousness of how the world is made by–indeed, made of–time” (2020, Timefulness: How Thinking Like a Geologist Can Help Save the World, 5). Through their lithic intrusions, and interruptive strata, the Small Isles offer an alternative form of pedagogy: where multiple epochs, tenses and tempos visibly converse with one another; where “polytemporality” can be witnessed and physically experienced; where the notion of linear time is destabilised.
Molecular mechanism of prolactin-releasing peptide recognition and signaling via its G protein-coupled receptor
Authors: Li Yang , Yuan Qingning , He Xinheng , Zhang Yumu , You Chongzhao , Wu Canrong , Li Jingru , Xu H. Eric , Zhao Li-Hua
Published: September 2024

Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) is an RF-amide neuropeptide that binds and activates its cognate G protein-coupled receptor, prolactin-releasing peptide receptor (PrRPR), also known as GPR10. PrRP and PrRPR are highly conserved across mammals and involved in regulating a range of physiological processes, including stress response, appetite regulation, pain modulation, cardiovascular function, and potentially reproductive functions. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of PrRP-bound PrRPR coupled to Gq or Gi heterotrimer, unveiling distinct molecular determinants underlying the specific recognition of the ligand’s C-terminal RF-amide motif. We identify a conserved polar pocket that accommodates the C-terminal amide shared by RF-amide peptides. Structural comparison with neuropeptide Y receptors reveals both similarities and differences in engaging the essential RF/RY-amide motifs. Our findings demonstrate the general mechanism governing RF-amide motif recognition by PrRPR and RF-amide peptide receptors, and provide a foundation for elucidating activation mechanisms and developing selective drugs targeting this important peptide–receptor system.
Subgroup disproportionality analysis of dementia-related adverse events with sacubitril/valsartan across geographical regions
Authors: Kim Seong Kyung , Kim Myeong Gyu
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the association between sacubitril/valsartan and dementia-related adverse events (AEs) in geographical subpopulations using subgroup disproportionality analysis. Cases from the FDA adverse event reporting system involving patients aged 60 or older with sacubitril/valsartan or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) were analyzed. The adjusted reporting odds ratios (RORs) for dementia-related AEs were calculated for each continent. A total of 61,518 AEs associated with sacubitril/valsartan or ARBs were identified. Among these, 1441 were dementia-related AEs. In Asia, Europe, and Africa, the reporting risk of dementia-related AEs associated with sacubitril/valsartan was lower compared to ARBs (adjusted ROR, 0.57 [95% CI 0.31–1.01]; adjusted ROR, 0.89 [95% CI 0.69–1.14]; adjusted ROR, 0.40 [95% CI 0.27–0.61], respectively). In Latin America and Oceania, the reporting risk of dementia-related AEs associated with sacubitril/valsartan was similar to that associated with ARBs (adjusted ROR, 1.04 [95% CI 0.75–1.44]; adjusted ROR, 1.02 [95% CI 0.31–3.37], respectively). On the contrary, in North America, the reporting risk associated with sacubitril/valsartan was higher compared to ARBs (adjusted ROR, 1.29 [95% CI 1.10–1.53]). Although the ROR value did not meet the criteria for signal detection, the significantly greater than 1 ROR observed in North America suggests that caution may be warranted regarding potential dementia-related adverse events associated with sacubitril/valsartan.
Psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) in women with breast cancer
Authors: Soria-Reyes Lorena M. , Alarcón Rafael , Cerezo María V. , Blanca María J.
Published: September 2024

Breast cancer impacts the psychological well-being of women, leaving them at risk of developing depression, anxiety, and other stress-related disorders. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) is a widely used measure, although empirical evidence regarding its psychometric properties in the breast cancer population is limited. The purpose of this study was to conduct an exhaustive analysis of the psychometric properties of the DASS-21 in a sample of Spanish women diagnosed with breast cancer. Participants were 289 breast cancer patients who completed the DASS-21 and other questionnaires measuring life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, flourishing, perceived stress, and breast cancer-specific stressors. In terms of validity evidence based on the internal structure of the DASS-21, adequate fit indices were obtained for the model based on three first-order factors (depression, anxiety, stress) and one second-order factor (general psychological distress). Reliability coefficients (McDonald’s omega) ranged from .84 to .95. Validity evidence based on relationships with other variables was also provided by moderate and strong correlations with well-being indicators and stress measures. The results support the use of the DASS-21 for measuring general psychological distress in the breast cancer context, where it may provide useful information for the design of psychological interventions with patients.
Renewable synthesis of MoO3 nanosheets via low temperature phase transition for supercapacitor application
Authors: Amba Sankar K. N. , Kesavan Lokesh , Saha Bikash , Jyolsnaraj M. K. , Mohan S. , Nandakumar P. , Mohanta Kallol , Kvarnström Carita
Published: September 2024

2D transition metal oxides have created revolution in the field of supercapacitors due to their fabulous electrochemical performance and stability. Molybdenum trioxides (MoO3) are one of the most prominent solid-state materials employed in energy storage applications. In this present work, we report a non-laborious physical vapor deposition (PVD) and ultrasonic extraction (USE) followed by vacuum assisted solvothermal treatment (VST) route (DEST), to produce 2D MoO3 nanosheets, without any complex equipment requirements. Phase transition in MoO3 is often achieved at very high temperatures by other reported works. But our well-thought-out, robust approach led to a phase transition from one phase to another phase, for e.g., hexagonal (h-MoO3) to orthorhombic (α-MoO3) structure at very low temperature (90 °C), using a green solvent (H2O) and renewable energy. This was achieved by implementing the concept of oxygen vacancy defects and solvolysis. The synthesized 2D nanomaterials were investigated for electrochemical performance as supercapacitor electrode materials. The α-MoO3 electrode material has shown supreme capacitance (256 Fg−1) than its counterpart h-MoO3 and mixed phases (h and α) of MoO3 (< 50 Fg−1). Thus, this work opens up a new possibility to synthesize electrocapacitive 2D MoO3 nanosheets in an eco-friendly and energy efficient way; hence can contribute in renewable circular economy.
An improved Coati Optimization Algorithm with multiple strategies for engineering design optimization problems
Authors: Qi Zhang , Yingjie Dong , Shan Ye , Xu Li , Dongcheng He , Guoqi Xiang
Published: September 2024

Aiming at the problems of insufficient ability of artificial COA in the late optimization search period, loss of population diversity, easy to fall into local extreme value, resulting in slow convergence and lack of exploration ability; In this paper, an improved COA algorithm based on chaotic sequence, nonlinear inertia weight, adaptive T-distribution variation strategy and alert updating strategy is proposed to enhance the performance of COA (shorted as TNTWCOA). The algorithm introduces chaotic sequence mechanism to initialize the position. The position distribution of the initial solution is more uniform, the high quality initial solution is generated, the population richness is increased, and the problem of poor quality and uneven initial solution of the Coati Optimization Algorithm is solved. In exploration phase, the nonlinear inertial weight factor is introduced to coordinate the local optimization ability and global search ability of the algorithm. In the exploitation phase, adaptive T-distribution variation is introduced to increase the diversity of individual population under low fitness value and improve the ability of the algorithm to jump out of the local optimal value. At the same time, the alert update mechanism is proposed to improve the alert ability of COA algorithm, so that it can search within the optional range. When Coati is aware of the danger, Coati on the edge of the population will quickly move to the safe area to obtain a better position, while Coati in the middle of the population will randomly move to get closer to other Coatis. IEEE CEC2017 with 29 classic test functions were used to evaluate the convergence speed, convergence accuracy and other indicators of TNTWCOA algorithm. Meanwhile, TNTWCOA was used to verify 4 engineering design optimization problems, such as pressure vessel optimization design and welding beam design. The results of IEEE CEC2017 and engineering design Optimization problems are compared with Improved Coati Optimization Algorithm (ICOA), Coati Optimization Algorithm (COA), Golden Jackal Optimization Algorithm (GJO), Osprey Optimization Algorithm (OOA), Sand Cat Swarm Optimization Algorithm (SCSO), Subtraction-Average-Based Optimizer (SABO). The experimental results show that the improved TNTWCOA algorithm significantly improves the convergence speed and optimization accuracy, and has good robustness. Three‑bar truss design problem, The Gear Train Design Problem, Speed reducer design problem shows a strong solution advantage. The superior optimization ability and engineering practicability of TNTWCOA algorithm are verified.
Differential effects of hypoxia on motility using various in vitro models of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Surguta Sára Eszter , Baranyi Marcell , Svajda Laura , Cserepes Mihály , Ranđelović Ivan , Tátrai Enikő , Hegedűs Balázs , Tóvári József
Published: September 2024

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Metastasis is the most common reason of mortality in which hypoxia is suggested to have a pivotal role. However, the effect of hypoxia on the metastatic potential and migratory activity of cancer cells is largely unexplored and warrants detailed scientific investigations. Accordingly, we analyzed changes on cell proliferation and migratory activity both in single-cell migration and invasion under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Alterations in crucial genes and proteins associated with cellular response to hypoxia, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, proliferation and apoptosis were also analyzed. Generally, we observed no change in proliferation upon hypoxic conditions and no detectable induction of apoptosis. Interestingly, we observed that single-cell motility was generally reduced while invasion under confluent conditions using scratch assay was enhanced by hypoxia in most of the cell lines. Furthermore, we detected changes in the expression of EMT markers that are consistent with enhanced motility and metastasis-promoting effect of hypoxia. In summary, our study indicated cell line-, time of exposure- and migrational type-dependent effects of hypoxia in cellular proliferation, motility and gene expression. Our results contribute to better understanding and tackling cancer metastasis.
World economies’ progress in decoupling from CO2 emissions
Authors: Freire-González Jaume , Padilla Rosa Emilio , Raymond Josep Ll.
Published: September 2024

The relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions has been analyzed testing the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis, but traditional econometric methods may be flawed. An alternative method is proposed using segmented-sample regressions and implemented in 164 countries (98.34% of world population) over different periods from 1822 to 2018. Results suggest that while the association between GDP per capita and CO2 emissions per capita is weakening over time, it remains positive globally, with only some high-income countries showing a reversed association in recent years. While 49 countries have decoupled emissions from economic growth, 115 have not. Most African, American, and Asian countries have not decoupled, whereas most European and Oceanians have. These findings highlight the urgency for effective climate policies because decoupling remains unachieved on a global scale, and we are moving away from, rather than approaching, the Paris Agreement goal of limiting temperature increase to 1.5 °C above preindustrial levels.
Computer tomography-based assessment of perivascular adipose tissue in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Ginzburg Daniel , Nowak Sebastian , Attenberger Ulrike , Luetkens Julian , Sprinkart Alois Martin , Kuetting Daniel
Published: September 2024

This retrospective study investigates perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) alterations in CT as a marker of inflammation in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). 100 abdominal CT scans of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms and 100 age and sex matched controls without underlying aortic disease were included. Artificial Intelligence (AI) assisted segmentation of the aorta and the surrounding adipose tissue was performed. Adipose tissue density was measured in Hounsfield units (HU) close (2-5mm, HUclose) and distant (10-12mm, HUdistant) to the aortic wall. To investigate alterations in adipose tissue density close to the aorta (HUclose) as a potential marker of inflammation, we calculated the difference HUΔ = HUclose-HUdistant and the fat attenuation ratio HUratio = HUclose/HUdistant as normalized attenuation measures. These two markers were compared i) inter-individually between AAA patients and controls and ii) intra-individually between the aneurysmal and non-aneurysmal segments in AAA patients. Since most AAAs are generally observed infrarenal, the aneurysmal section of the AAA patients was compared with the infrarenal section of the aorta of the control patients. In inter-individual comparisons, higher HUΔ and a lower HUratio were observed (aneurysmal: 8.9 ± 5.1 HU vs. control: 6.9 ± 4.8 HU, p-value = 0.006; aneurysmal: 89.8 ± 5.7% vs. control: 92.1 ± 5.5% p-value = 0.004). In intra-individual comparisons, higher HUΔ and lower HUratio were observed (aneurysmal: 8.9 ± 5.1 HU vs. non-aneurysmal: 5.5 ± 4.1 HU, p-value < 0.001; aneurysmal: 89.8 ± 5.7% vs. non-aneurysmal 93.3 ± 4.9%, p-value < 0.001). The results indicate PVAT density alterations in AAA patients. This motivates further research to establish non-invasive imaging markers for vascular and perivascular inflammation in AAA.
Relationship between binocular vision and Govetto’s stage in monocular idiopathic epiretinal membrane
Authors: Tsuda Kanae , Miyata Manabu , Kawai Kentaro , Nakao Shinya , Yamamoto Akinari , Suda Kenji , Nakano Eri , Tagawa Miho , Muraoka Yuki , Sakata Ryo , Tsujikawa Akitaka
Published: September 2024

Govetto’s staging system (stages 1–4) for epiretinal membrane (ERM) based on optical coherence tomography images is a useful predictor of monocular visual function; however, an association between Govetto’s stage and binocular vision has not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with Govetto’s stage among the monocular and binocular parameters. This retrospective study included consecutive patients with treatment-naïve eyes with unilateral ERM without pseudo-hole. We investigated Govetto’s stage, degrees of aniseikonia and metamorphopsia, foveal avascular zone area, central retinal and choroidal thickness, vertical ocular deviation, stereopsis, and binocular single vision (BSV). We compared the parameters between the BSV-present and BSV-absent groups and investigated correlations between Govetto’s stage and the monocular and binocular parameters. Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients were examined (age, 66.6 ± 10.2 years). In multivariate correlation analyses, Govetto’s stage correlated with BSV (P = 0.04, β = − 0.36) and central retinal thickness (P < 0.001, β = 0.74). Of the eyes, 18 were assigned to the BSV-present group and 10 to the BSV-absent group. Govetto’s stage was significantly more advanced in the BSV-absent group than in the BSV-present group (3.2 ± 0.8 vs 2.5 ± 0.7, P = 0.03). Of the 28 patients, 11 (39%) showed small-angle vertical deviations (1–12Δ). In conclusion, our findings showed that Govetto’s stage correlated with binocular vision in patients with monocular ERM. Govetto’s staging is a useful parameter for predicting not only monocular but also binocular vision.
Mechanism of activation and autophosphorylation of a histidine kinase
Authors: Kansari Mayukh , Idiris Fathia , Szurmant Hendrik , Kubař Tomáš , Schug Alexander
Published: September 2024

Histidine kinases (HK) are one of the main prokaryotic signaling systems. Two structurally conserved catalytic domains inside the HK enable autokinase, phosphotransfer, and phosphatase activities. Here, we focus on a detailed mechanistic understanding of the functional cycle of the WalK HK by a multi-scale simulation approach, consisting of classical as well as hybrid QM/MM molecular dynamics simulation. Strikingly, a conformational transition induced solely in DHp leads to the correct activated conformation in CA crucial for autophosphorylation. This finding explains how variable sensor domains induce the transition from inactive to active state. The subsequent autophosphorylation inside DHp proceeds via a penta-coordinated transition state to a protonated phosphohistidine intermediate. This intermediate is consequently deprotonated by a suitable nearby base. The reaction energetics are controlled by the final proton acceptor and presence of a magnesium cation. The slow rates of the process result from the high energy barrier of the conformational transition between inactive and active states. The phosphorylation step exhibits a lower barrier and down-the-hill energetics. Thus, our work suggests a detailed mechanistic model for HK autophosphorylation.
Controlling enzyme hydrolysis of branched polymers synthesised using transfer-dominated branching radical telomerisation via telogen and taxogen selection
Authors: Mckeating Samuel , Penrhyn-Lowe Oliver B. , Flynn Sean , Cassin Savannah R. , Lomas Sarah , Fidge Christopher , Price Paul , Wright Stephen , Chambon Pierre , Rannard Steve P.
Published: September 2024

With the ever-growing reliance on polymeric materials for numerous applications, new avenues to induce, design and control degradation are clearly important. Here, we describe a previously unreported approach to controlling enzymatic hydrolysis of high molecular weight branched polymers formed from the new free-radical polymer synthesis strategy transfer-dominated branching radical telomerisation (TBRT). Modifying the chemical nature of TBRT polymers may be accomplished through telogen selection and multi-vinyl taxogen (MVT) design, and we show telogen-driven control of enzyme-catalysed hydrolysis and the impact of careful placement of hydrolytically susceptible groups within readily synthesised MVTs. Our results indicate that utilising conventional free-radical chemistries and unsaturated monomers as feedstocks for highly branched polymer architectures has considerable potential for the design of future materials that degrade into very low molecular weight byproducts at variable and controllable rates.
International cooperation was key to stabilize wheat prices after the Russian Invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Kuhla Kilian , Puma Michael J. , Otto Christian
Published: September 2024

The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 triggered a global wheat price spike and food insecurities in import-dependent countries. We combine an analysis of the global wheat supply network with an agricultural commodity price model to investigate national impaired supplies and the global annual wheat price hike, respectively, for the trade year 2022. Using a scenario analysis, we show that international cooperation manifested in the Black Sea Grain and Solidarity Lanes initiatives and the removal of export restrictions may have mitigated the 2022 price hike by 13 percentage points. In a worst case scenario – characterized by multi-breadbasket harvest failures, escalating export restrictions, and blocked Ukrainian exports – wheat price increases by 90% compared to the 2000–2020 average. Coping strategies – such as food-secure countries dispersing stocks, reducing wheat as feed, or boosting wheat production – are effective at mitigating the price spike in simplified scenarios. Our findings underscore the imperative of coordinated policy responses to avoid global food supply disruptions.
Loss of coordination between basic cellular processes in human aging
Authors: Leote Ana Carolina , Lopes Francisco , Beyer Andreas
Published: September 2024

Age-related loss of gene expression coordination has been reported for distinct cell types and may lead to impaired cellular function. Here we propose a method for quantifying age-related changes in transcriptional regulatory relationships between genes, based on a model learned from external data. We used this method to uncover age-related trends in gene–gene relationships across eight human tissues, which demonstrates that reduced co-expression may also result from coordinated transcriptional responses. Our analyses reveal similar numbers of strengthening and weakening gene–gene relationships with age, impacting both tissue-specific (for example, coagulation in blood) and ubiquitous biological functions. Regulatory relationships becoming weaker with age were established mostly between genes operating in distinct cellular processes. As opposed to that, regulatory relationships becoming stronger with age were established both within and between different cellular functions. Our work reveals that, although most transcriptional regulatory gene–gene relationships are maintained during aging, those with declining regulatory coupling result mostly from a loss of coordination between distinct cellular processes.
A novel electrochemiluminescent sensor based on AgMOF@N-CD composites for sensitive detection of trilobatin
Authors: Yao Longmei , Mei Xue , Zhi Jiajia , Wang Wenchang , Li Qingyi , Jiang Ding , Chen Xiaohui , Chen Zhidong
Published: September 2024

In this study, a novel electrochemiluminescent (ECL) sensor for highly sensitive detection of trilobatin (Tri) was developed based on silver metal–organic frameworks (AgMOFs) and nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CDs).
Differential glycosylation does not modulate the conformational heterogeneity of a humanised IgGk NIST monoclonal antibody
Authors: Liu Fanny C. , Lee Jusung , Pedrete Thais , Panczyk Erin M. , Pengelley Stuart , Bleiholder Christian
Published: September 2024

Tandem ion mobility spectrometry reveals that glycosylation does not alter the conformational heterogeneity of a monoclonal antibody.
Annulated oxazolium anion–π+ AIEgens
Authors: Rana Samim Sohel , Manna Surajit , Choudhury Joyanta
Published: September 2024

A single-step dual C–H activation annulative π-extension (APEX) protocol from simple oxazolium salts provides a new class of annulated oxazolium based anion–π+ AIEgens which exhibit tunable solid-state fluorescence with high quantum yields.
(NHC)Ni(ii)-catalyzed regioselective hydroalkenylation of norbornene derivatives: fine-tuning of NHC ligands and donor alkenes
Authors: Yu Meng , Gu Xiao , Ho Chun-Yu
Published: September 2024

This study introduced a novel cross-hydroalkenylation approach for addressing a resilient challenge in C5-exo-selective norbornene derivative functionalization by using a suitable choice of terminal olefin.
Dy/Ho-encapsulated tartaric acid-functionalized tungstoantimonates: heterogeneous catalysts for isoindolinone synthesis
Authors: Yang Guoping , Liu Haoqi , Chen Jincao , Lin Xiaoling , Tan Kexin , Dong Yayu , Liu Yufeng , Wei Yongge
Published: September 2024

Two novel Dy/Ho-encapsulated tartaric acid-functionalized tungstoantimonates were synthesized, and HoSbW exhibits excellent catalytic activity and high stability for the three-component synthesis of isoindolinones in a green manner.
Transfer learning of hyperparameters for fast construction of anisotropic GPR models: design and application to the machine-learned force field FFLUX
Authors: Isamura Bienfait K. , Popelier Paul L. A.
Published: September 2024

This work introduces a transfer learning (TL) protocol that accelerates the training of anisotropic Gaussian process regression models while preserving their excellent predictive capability.
Investigation into electronic interaction and work function tuning of phthalocyanine molecules and graphene interfaces
Authors: Garcia-Basabe Yunier , Suenson Cardoso Matheus , Lima Bruno da Silva , Mendoza Cesar D. , Freire Junior Fernando Lázaro , Larrude Dunieskys G.
Published: September 2024

P-doping induced by phthalocyanine molecules enhances the graphene's work function, offering promise for high-efficiency hole injection in electronic applications.
Cyclopentene and cyclopentadiene formation in isoprene pyrolysis
Authors: Buenger Edgar White , Bodi Andras , Burgos-Paci Maxi A. , Mayer Paul M
Published: September 2024

Pyrolysis of isoprene creates cyclopentene.
Correction: Polymer mechanochemistry: from single molecule to bulk material
Authors: Mu Qifeng , Hu Jian
Published: September 2024

Correction for ‘Polymer mechanochemistry: from single molecule to bulk material’ by Qifeng Mu et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2024, 26, 679–694, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CP04160C.
New insights into influences of initial oxidization states on dynamic reconstruction of Cu catalysts and C–C coupling in CO2 reduction
Authors: Qin Chen , Li Xuheng , Li Haoyang , Wang Ting , Zhang Xue , Wang Yuyao , Pan Fuping , Chen Kai-Jie
Published: September 2024

The spontaneous oxidization/reduction of the Cu surface occurs during CO2 reduction, resulting in the dynamic evolution of i-CuOx species. The in situ formed i-CuOx plays decisive roles in promoting C–C coupling.
Regio-MPNN: predicting regioselectivity for general metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions using a chemical knowledge informed message passing neural network
Authors: Li Baochen , Liu Yuru , Sun Haibin , Zhang Rentao , Xie Yongli , Foo Klement , Mak Frankie S. , Zhang Ruimao , Yu Tianshu , Lin Sen , Wang Peng , Wang Xiaoxue
Published: September 2024

As a fundamental problem in organic chemistry, regioselectivity is crucial in designing energy and cost-efficient reaction pathways for target compounds.
Low Pt loading with lattice strain for direct ethylene glycol fuel cells
Authors: Lei Hao , Ma Ninggui , Li Kaikai , Wang Yu , Yuan Qunhui , Fan Jun , Shui Jianglan , Huang Yan
Published: September 2024

An in situ one-step electrochemically tuned Pt–Fe electrocatalyst with compressive strain exhibits the best ethylene glycol oxidation performance, thus enabling the fuel cell with the highest power density and stability at 0.1 mg cmPt−2.
The phytochemical composition and unexplored potential of Australian native plants for application in physical activity-related muscle recovery and inflammation: a literature review
Authors: Harriden Brittany , Speer Kathryn , Sergi Domenico , Gill Chris I. R. , Popović-Djordjević Jelena , McKune Andrew , Naumovski Nenad
Published: September 2024

Native plants are adaptable in various environmental conditions in part through the production of unique phytochemicals which may have beneficial effects on human health.
Selective mineralization at hydrogel interface induced by fusion between peptide hydrogels
Authors: Kim Yongbaek , Isobe Hiroto , Nishio Keishi , Murai Kazuki
Published: September 2024

Biomineralization has garnered attention not only for its fundamental role in understanding the mechanisms of biomineral formation but also as a method for fabricating next-generation functional materials.
Efficient solar-driven freshwater generation through an inner hierarchical porous metal–carbon layer bridging synergistic photothermal evaporation and adsorption photodegradation
Authors: Liu Haoyu , Pang Huaipeng , Yang Xinyu , Guo Wenhao , Xi Hongyan , Ji Xueli , Li Lin , Meng Fanlu
Published: September 2024

The ZIF-67 derived inner hierarchical porous metal–carbon layer bridges a wood carbon scaffold and BiOBr nanosheets (BiOBr@ZCW) to smoothly facilitate synergistic photothermal evaporation and adsorption–photodegradation processes.
Single gold nanowires with ultrahigh (>104) aspect ratios by triphasic electrodeposition
Authors: Colón-Quintana Guillermo , Clarke Thomas B. , Ailawar Sakshi A. , Dick Jeffrey E.
Published: September 2024

We introduce a new fabrication concept (triphasic electrodeposition), forming single gold nanowires with unprecedented aspect ratios and spatial control.
Rational (supra)molecular design and catalytic activity of cage-like Cu4-based phenylsilsesquioxanes
Authors: Zueva Anna Y. , Bilyachenko Alexey N. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Shul'pina Lidia S. , Ikonnikov Nikolay S. , Dorovatovskii Pavel V. , Shubina Elena S. , Ragimov Karim , Lobanov Nikolai N. , Sun Di
Published: September 2024

Extended family of cage like Cu4-phenylsilsesquioxanes exhibits unique features of (supra)molecular organization and catalytic activity.
Synthesis of nitrile-containing ortho-amide benzoxazines for achieving thermosets with low curing temperature and superior performance
Authors: Lu Yin , Wang Jiaqi , Yang Yi , Jing Yichen , Zhang Kan
Published: September 2024

A molecular design strategy has been established for the synthesis of benzoxazine resins with low curing temperature and excellent thermal properties.
A review on synthesis of MOF-derived carbon composites: innovations in electrochemical, environmental and electrocatalytic technologies
Authors: Shahzadi Sehar , Akhtar Mariam , Arshad Muhammad , Ijaz Muhammad Hammad , Janjua Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf
Published: September 2024

Carbon composites derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have shown great promise as multipurpose materials for a range of electrochemical and environmental applications.
A novel ultra-high vacuum diffusion setup to study Knudsen diffusion
Authors: Mourkou Maria , Yu Haiyue , Baltussen Sander , Snead Nicholas , Kapil Nidhi , Coppens Marc-Olivier
Published: September 2024

An ultra-high vacuum setup was conceived to study Knudsen diffusion in channels with varied geometrical characteristics that can be modified using 3D printing. This new experimental methodology aids to gain insight into diffusion in nanoporous media.
CCC pincer Ru complex-catalyzed C–H vinylation/6π-E-cyclization of aldimines for constructing 4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidines
Authors: Cai Heng , Tu Yong-Qiang , Niu Qiang , Xie Wen-Ping , Wang Bin , Lu Ka , Li Zi-Hao , Zhang Fu-Min , Zhang Xiao-Ming
Published: September 2024

A convenient and efficient approach to construct a series of N-heteropolycycles using a unique CCC pincer NHC–Ru(iii)-catalyzed cascade C–H vinylation/6π-electrocyclization of pyridyl aldimines with unactivated vinyl bromides/triflates is reported.