bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Tamura Eileen H.
Published: May 2017

This introductory chapter provides an overview of Joseph Yoshisuke Kurihara's life. From his youth and until World War II, Kurihara pursued a path that he believed would enable him to live the American life, as envisioned in the Progressive Era phrase, “the promise of American life.” He enrolled in schools that offered a quality, Western-oriented education. He also embraced Christianity—the essential source of Western cultural identity at the time—endured anti-Japanese hostility directed at him, and fought as a soldier in the U.S. Army during the Great War. This dogged pursuit of a place for himself as an American in the face of jarring discouragements enabled Kurihara to absorb Western modes of thinking and behavior. As a result, he was able to navigate his way in two cultural worlds, European America and Japanese America.
A Nineteenth-Century Musical Career
Authors: Warfield Patrick
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines two Washington-based figures who provided John Philip Sousa with examples of just how expansive a nineteenth-century musical career could become. Indeed, the most important lessons of Sousa's youth did not come from formal apprenticeships or professional employment; they were found in the careers of musicians who lived in the Navy Yard. The first model was George Felix Benkert, who provided Sousa with a technical education in composition. However, the most remarkable of these models was, no doubt, John Esputa—a working-class musician who found employment where he could, wrote what must have seemed financially prudent at the time, and had a wide range of musical talents. Esputa's musical career seems quite remarkable in its specifics, but its outlines were perfectly typical of American musical life in the nineteenth century.
Civilian Music in Washington
Authors: Warfield Patrick
Published: May 2017

This chapter looks at John Philip Sousa's involvement in Washington's civilian musical life during the 1880s. As the conductor of Washington's most stable ensemble, Sousa suddenly became one of the city's most prominent musicians. In the same way musical marines found theater work through their band, Sousa's new position provided him with the opportunity to serve as a guest conductor and featured composer for Washington's many other ensembles. Indeed, just as his relationship with the band was symbiotic, Sousa and Washington's amateur organizations found their shared work mutually beneficial. A local orchestra or opera company could clearly profit from the young musician's expertise, while Sousa was able to cultivate the theatrical interests that had so successfully sustained him in Philadelphia.
America’s Court Composer
Authors: Warfield Patrick
Published: May 2017

This chapter shows how, while he was still serving as leader of the Marine Band, John Philip Sousa's reputation began to spread beyond Washington. In the efforts to regularize America's official music, Sousa's achievements would have been noticed only by other military musicians. In 1889, however, he undertook a project that would garner his first exposure in the national press. Because the Marine Band was often required to perform the national anthems of visiting dignitaries, Sousa suggested to the secretary of the navy that the nation's military would be well served by a volume that collected together such anthems. After contacting foreign consuls, consulting with music publishers, and visiting dozens of libraries, Sousa published National, Patriotic, and Typical Airs of All Lands in 1890.
Epilogue
Authors: Warfield Patrick
Published: May 2017

This epilogue argues that John Philip Sousa came of age neither as a bandmaster nor as the March King. As a young man he was a theater musician training at Ford's Opera House, apprenticing on the road, and earning a place in the trade of music in Philadelphia's playhouses. Given his current fame, all of these experiences seem to pale in comparison to Sousa's Marine Corps apprenticeship and the foreshadowing example of his father's career. But in the March King's success, it is the theater that resounds most strongly. His greatest ambitions were for the stage, his greatest successes in dramatically inspired marches, and his greatest fame as a theatrical persona.
An Interview with William Gibson
Authors: Westfahl Gary
Published: May 2017

Abstract and Keywords to be supplied.
Along the Streets of Bronzeville
Authors: Schlabach Elizabeth Schroeder
Published: May 2017

This book examines the flowering of African American creativity, activism, and scholarship in the South Side Chicago district known as Bronzeville during the period between the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920s and the Black Arts Movement of the 1960s. Poverty stricken, segregated, and bursting at the seams with migrants, Bronzeville was the community that provided inspiration, training, and work for an entire generation of diversely talented African American authors and artists who came of age during the years between the two world wars. This book investigates the institutions and streetscapes of Black Chicago that fueled an entire literary and artistic movement. It argues that African American authors and artists—such as Gwendolyn Brooks, Richard Wright, Langston Hughes, painter Archibald Motley, and many others—viewed and presented black reality from a specific geographic vantage point: the view along the streets of Bronzeville. The book explores how the particular rhythms and scenes of daily life in Bronzeville locations, such as the State Street “Stroll” district or the bustling intersection of 47th Street and South Parkway, figured into the creative works and experiences of the artists and writers of the Black Chicago Renaissance.
Policy, Creativity, and Bronzeville’s Dreams
Authors: Schlabach Elizabeth Schroeder
Published: May 2017

This chapter looks at the many spheres of policy gambling, a game that rose to prominence between 1908 and 1955. It understands policy as performance art, as informing black cultural production throughout Bronzeville, and as a patron and fiscal support of the Chicago Black Renaissance. Most importantly, the chapter seeks to demonstrate the relationship between lived actual realities of Bronzeville's mass culture of games and luck, and the grist mill that the game and its derivative culture provided for both the people in Bronzeville who hoped to imagine themselves beyond their existence, and the writers and artists who recognized the rich cultural material that was the policy game.
Kitchenettes
Authors: Schlabach Elizabeth Schroeder
Published: May 2017

This chapter continues the investigation of the two authors with a comparison of Wright's 1941 photographic essay 12 Million Black Voices and his final literary publication, The Outsider, set in Chicago and Harlem, to Brooks' 1945 collection of poetry, A Street in Bronzeville, and her only novel, Maud Martha (1953). The chapter argues that migration to the city and its unkept promise of freedom left African Americans on Chicago's South Side suspended between two planes of existence. The harshest points of this suspension were the one-bedroom kitchenette apartments that began to burst as more migrants poured into Bronzeville. Through their work, Brooks and Wright illustrates an acute consciousness of the symbiotic relationship between the streets of Bronzeville and opportunities for cultural production.
Conclusion
Authors: Schlabach Elizabeth Schroeder
Published: May 2017

This concluding chapter evaluates Bronzeville's and the Chicago Black Renaissance's narrative of decline. It argues that the experience of Bronzeville's residents during this period was not one of unmitigated triumph followed by unfortunate demise; instead it was a contradictory blend of expansion, progress, and stagnation. From 1910 to 1950, neighborhood residents produced and witnessed a remarkable growth in cultural, economic, and political institutions designed to serve their growing needs. Thus, the history of the neighborhood is a conflicting mixture of opportunity and subjugation. As an ending note, the chapter comes to terms with the actual existing economic, political, and cultural relations of the period, showing how the once vibrant neighborhood succumbed to the pressures of segregation and economic disparity.
Discrepancies in Dixie: Asian Americans and the South
Authors: Desai Jigna , Joshi Khyati Y.
Published: May 2017

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the relationship between the Asian American and the American South. The figure of the Asian American is perceived to be discrepant in and antithetical to the American South. Within the American imaginary, the Asian American as perpetual foreigner and alien is always seen as a recent immigrant, and therefore associated with contemporary times, while the South is perceived as an anachronistic and isolated region. This renders the two—the Asian American and the South—allegedly mutually exclusive and incongruous. In these imaginings, the South remains a space quintessentially American but one steeped in an antebellum era of White supremacy, anti-Black racism, and outdated isolation. In supposed contrast stands the figure of the Asian American who is associated with immigration and borders, globalization, and contemporaneity.
Racism without Recognition
Authors: Brandzel Amy , Desai Jigna
Published: May 2017

This chapter looks at Seung-Hui Cho and the violence at Virginia Tech to critically interrogate Asian American masculinity and racial formations in relation to contemporary postracial discourses in the American South since 9/11. On April 16, 2007, Seung-Hui Cho killed thirty-two people on the Virginia Tech campus in Blacksburg, Virginia. The media soon dubbed the event the “deadliest shooting rampage in American history,” and news coverage was inundated with uncovering the “madness at Virginia Tech.” What stood out beyond the numbers of murdered individuals in a “school shooting” was the shooter himself, a Korean American whose identity and location as “alien-other” marked him as always already suspicious, dangerous, and outside. The chapter then analyzes the important ways in which Seung-Hui Cho was simultaneously racially othered as an Asian immigrant alien and whitened as disenfranchised male youth.
Southern Eruptions in Asian American Narratives
Authors: Ho Jennifer
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses the emergence of Asian American literature and film about the South as they disrupt multiple narratives about race relations and racial subjectivity. It particularly studies Susan Choi's novel The Foreign Student (1998), Mira Nair's feature-length film Mississippi Masala (1992), and Paisley Rekdal's creative nonfiction collection of autobiographical essays, The Night My Mother Met Bruce Lee: Observations on Not Fitting In (2000). Asian American stories set in the South erupt the myth of imaginary lines between the past and present, arguing that the inclusion of Asian American voices signals not simply a pluralistic affirmation of racial harmony but the complications of understanding race beyond a black–white paradigm. Indeed, a true understanding of southern race relations crosses the geographic borders of the American South into not only Europe and Africa but the Caribbean, Latin America, and Asia as well, because the South is a space that is implicated in larger transnational and global flows.
“I am your other I”
Authors: Keating AnaLouise
Published: May 2017

This chapter offers an alternative to more conventional versions of identity politics—transformational identity politics. Transformational identity politics represent nonbinary models of identity; differential subjectivities; an expanded, deeply multiplicitous concept of the universal; and relational epistemologies that facilitate the creation of new forms of commonalities. Although identity politics originated in a space of intersectionality that embraced multiple, complex identities, this chapter argues that contemporary uses of identity politics have become too oppositional to effect radical change. However, rather than entirely rejecting identity-based politics and the personalized experiences on which they're based, the chapter redefines identity by anchoring it in a metaphysics of interconnectedness. Through an analysis of Paula Gunn Allen's, Gloria Anzaldúa's, and Audre Lorde's threshold positionings (their creative use of identity politics, as it were), this chapter illustrates some of the forms transformational identity politics can take.
Tribunes of the Shareholder Class
Authors: Lichtenstein Nelson
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the book The Modern Corporation and Private Property, published in August 1932 by Adolf Berle and Gardiner Means. The book instantly became a controversial classic, provided an ideological rationale for New Deal planning, consumer activism, labor organizing, and financial regulation of the large corporation and by extension of all American capitalism. Berle and Means argued that America's two hundred largest corporations, which then controlled one-third of the national wealth, had themselves abridged the fundamentals of a liberal capitalist order. Berle and Means were not Brandeisian “small is beautiful” trustbusters. Something more fundamental was wrong in that the immense power of those who ran America's largest corporations was essentially unfettered, not only by the state but also by those who were their ostensible masters: the shareholder themselves.
The Lost Promise of the Long Civil Rights Movement
Authors: Lichtenstein Nelson
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines Risa Goluboff's The Lost Promise of Civil Rights, which incorporates the perspective of labor and social historians who have posited the importance and power of a working-class-oriented civil rights movement in the 1940s. She finds that an alternative set of legal strategies and organizing initiatives was available to civil rights litigators, indeed that these more economically radical strategies were successfully deployed, and, that if they had been consistently pursued would have given this plebian civil rights orientation an embedded character in law and social policy during the decades to come. In effect, Goluboff posits in the most precise fashion an alternative definition to the meaning of what we have come to think of as civil rights law and litigation and then asks why this more proletarian version was marginalized in the years after 1950.
A New Era of Global Human Rights
Authors: Lichtenstein Nelson
Published: May 2017

The rights regime that emerged in the second half of the twentieth century proved enormously liberating, not only in the United States but throughout the world as well, and especially in the less industrialized and democratic nations where the demand for human rights and civil liberties has sparked reform and revolution. But for both workers and citizens, an orientation that privileges individual rights above all else can also function as both a poor substitute for and a legal subversion of the institutions that once provided a collective voice for workers and other subaltern strata. This chapter explores this trade-off. According to the International Labor Organization's World Labor Report, trade union membership dropped sharply during the 1990s, falling to less than 20 percent of workers in forty-eight out of ninety-two countries. The decline was most serious in manufacturing, even though on a worldwide basis the manufacture of actual products in actual factories was a booming proposition.
C. Wright Mills
Authors: Lichtenstein Nelson
Published: May 2017

This chapter presents a portrait of university sociologist C. Wright Mills. His book The New Men of Power is a study of trade unions and their leaders, the American political scene, and the prospects for a radicalized democracy in the years just after World War II. When Mills published the book in 1948, it identified a newly empowered set of strategic actors who led the nation's most important progressive institutions, “the only organizations capable of stopping the main drift towards war and slump.” But unlike his politically acute, agenda-setting volumes published during the 1950s, of which White Collar and The Power Elite are the best known, Mills' equally expansive probe into the meaning and future of U.S. trade unionism quickly fell into the shadows.
Jay Lovestone
Authors: Lichtenstein Nelson
Published: May 2017

This chapter presents a portrait of Jay Lovestone, who helped found the American Communist Party in 1919 and lived to see the Iron Curtain fall seventy years later. His life was consumed by the fate of world Communism, first as one of the American party's most energetic and creative leaders, then as a man burning in his hatred for the people and ideas to which he had once given such loyalty. Lovestone helped erect the ideological Iron Curtain that walled off the unions from an entire generation of New Left activists and civil rights militants whose energy and talent was essential to the health of a truly “free” labor movement. Instead, Lovestone and his friends turned their faces rightward, helping to drive the AFL-CIO into the arms of those neoconservative Democrats and Reaganite intellectuals whose opportunistic regard for the liberties of the Polish working class was nicely balanced by their indifference to the decline of living standards at home and the near-destruction of the American union movement in the years after 1981.
Herbert Hill
Authors: Lichtenstein Nelson
Published: May 2017

This chapter presents a portrait of Herbert Hill, who identified himself as “an unreconstructed abolitionist.” As labor secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), he was a combatant in a war against men and women who, by history, politics, and religion, should have been in his camp. Hill was a brilliant and determined crusader who made the most of the limited legal remedies available against workplace discrimination in the 1950s and 1960s. He brought actions before the National Labor Relations Board to decertify unions that violated the nondiscrimination provision in federal contracts, and he carried cases against both labor unions and employers to state antidiscrimination commissions. Hill consciously fashioned this employment rights campaign after the larger NAACP fight to dismantle de jure segregation and discrimination in education, housing, and at the ballot box. He drafted an effective and widely distributed NAACP Labor Manual that described the complex gamut of discrimination tactics in the workplace and advised African Americans that the NAACP was ready to aid them in their fight against such inequities.
Conclusion
Authors: McKillen Elizabeth
Published: May 2017

This concluding chapter examines the significance of the labor/Left debate over Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy both for U.S. diplomacy and for the U.S. labor movement in the twentieth century. The Senate's final rejection of the Treaty of Versailles ended the eight-year war of position waged by U.S. labor and Socialist groups in an effort to influence the Wilsonian international agenda. The U.S and transnational labor and Left debate over the Versailles Treaty, League of Nations, and the International Labor Organization exposed fundamental contradictions in Wilsonian internationalism. This chapter argues that the Versailles treaty's defeat served the political ends of the Republicans more than the Left but insists that Wilsonian ideas about American exceptionalism, democracy, international law and governance, and international capitalism would cast a long shadow over the twentieth, and even the twenty-first, century.
Flutes and the Animal Kingdom
Authors: Olsen Dale A.
Published: May 2017

Animals are recurring motifs in many flute-related stories because flutes are often made from animal bones, flutists are often hunters of animals, animals are often protectors and helpers of flute-playing humans, they are often messengers of the gods, and so on. This chapter presents stories about relationships between human flutists and animals. Many of the flutetales are also about flute-playing animals, which are often anthropomorphized: They talk, live in villages, have wives and children, and sometimes play musical instruments. Some of these types of folktales and myths are examples to which the concept or theory of “indigenous perspectivism” is applied towards the end of the chapter.
Conclusion
Authors: Olsen Dale A.
Published: May 2017

This chapter summarizes the points of the book and synthesizes many of the attitudes, concepts, and events seen in flutelore. It addresses the question: What is singularly distinct or unique about flutes, flute playing, and flute players in a world context? The first and perhaps foremost reason why flutes are powerful is the direct use of the musician's breath to produce a sound, and breath is the source of life itself, as told to us by many storytellers from many cultures across time. The second reason why flutes are powerful is that whistle sounds are aural characteristics or phenomena not found in normal human speech, song, or chant discourses. The third reason why flutes have power is the pleasing quality of the “beautiful” melodies produced on them. A fourth reason why flutes have power is that they seem to provide a simple but important mythological bond among people, animals, and spirits throughout the world.
Re(Dis)Covering and Recreating the Cultural Milieu of Margaret Garner
Authors: Walters Delores M.
Published: May 2017

This introductory chapter focuses on Margaret Garner's story. In 1856, Garner killed her two-year-old daughter and attempted to kill her other three children rather than see them returned to slavery. Her act of infanticide represents the most drastic and extreme form of woman-centered resistance to the brutality of slavery. As such, Garner's desperate solution to “save” her children continues to capture people's interest. Her story symbolizes the impossible choices that were forced upon African Americans burdened by the institution of slavery. It is also relevant to present-day women's resistance to intimate partner violence. Indeed, the theme of women and violence is a continuing reality in the United States and the world.
Resurrecting Chica da Silva
Authors: de Souza Raquel L.
Published: May 2017

This chapter details the resistance of Chica da Silva. Chica was an enslaved woman born in eighteenth-century Brazil who obtained manumission and socioeconomic ascendance through her involvement with a very wealthy Portuguese man who was sent to the interior of the State of Minas Gerais to oversee the exploration of diamond mines. Chica guaranteed her survival and the well-being of her offspring through her association with the diamond contractor. Faced with few alternatives for economic stability, her association with a “benefactor” might still be interpreted as a choice to commodify her body. However, Chica's resistance to subjugation warrants a more complex assessment.
The Psychological Aftereffects of Racialized Sexual Violence
Authors: McDaniels-Wilson Cathy
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the psychological after effects of racialized sexual violence. Although few formal nineteenth-century records of mental illness, mental instability, or depression exist, written and oral slave narratives recount how “the entire life of the slave was hedged about with rules and regulations.” Samuel Cartwright, a well-known physician in the antebellum South, had a psychiatric explanation for runaway slaves, diagnosing them in 1851 as suffering from “drapetomania.” Classified as “a disease of the mind,” Cartwright defined drapetomania as a treatable and preventable condition that caused “negroes to run away.” Cartwright's published work established the foundation for “racism's historic impact” on black mental health. Indeed, Cartwright's pseudo-science, a potent mix of religion, pro-slavery politics, and medicine, forged a powerful connection between mental illness and race continued by subsequent generations of physicians and psychologists.
Art and Memory
Authors: Mazloomi Carolyn , Bellinger Nailah Randall , Cousins Olivia , Sharp S. Pearl , Roma Catherine
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on contemporary women artists whose artworks were featured in the Gendered Resistance Symposium, sponsored by Miami University and the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center. These artists include fabric artist Carolyn Mazloomi, choreographer Nailah Randall Bellinger, spiritualist and medical sociologist Olivia Cousins, filmmaker S. Pearl Sharp, and Catherine Roma. Each of these artists shares her vision of the arts as part of a transformative educational platform and speaks about the role of the artist in conveying stories of gendered resistance. Indeed, several of the artists who participated in the symposium reflect on artistic expression and the process of memory, healing, and transformation, discussing the role of art, dance, poetry, performance, and music as bridges between the past and present.
Black Revolutionary
Authors: Horne Gerald
Published: May 2017

A leading African American Communist, lawyer William L. Patterson (1891–1980) was instrumental in laying the groundwork for the defeat of Jim Crow by virtue of his leadership of the Scottsboro campaign in the 1930s. This watershed biography shows how Patterson helped to advance African American equality by fostering and leveraging international support for the movement. The book highlights key moments in Patterson's global activism: his early education in the Soviet Union, his involvement with the Scottsboro trials and other high-profile civil rights cases of the 1930s to 1950s, his 1951 “We Charge Genocide” petition to the United Nations, and his later work with prisons and the Black Panther Party. Drawing from government and FBI documents, newspapers, periodicals, archival and manuscript collections, and personal papers, the book documents Patterson's effectiveness at carrying the freedom struggle into the global arena and provides a fresh perspective on twentieth-century struggles for racial justice.
The Road to Revolution
Authors: Horne Gerald
Published: May 2017

This chapter presents a biography of Patterson and looks at his road to revolution. By 1923, Patterson became a named partner in what became New York City's leading Negro law firm, Dyett, Hall, and Patterson. In 1926, he made official what some assumed was the case—he joined the Communist party—though an epochal event the following year led to his making this political decision, a career choice to become a professional revolutionary. He then left his law firm, instead devoting his life to the Communist party and its idea of a step-by-step drive to socialist revolution, paved all the way by one democratic advance after another—as demonstrated in the first major instance by the Scottsboro case. Soon he could be found at the subway entrance at 135th Street and Lenox Avenue, selling the CP newspaper. He also began participating in street-corner meetings and distribution of leaflets, and he attended classes at the party school.
The World Confronts Jim Crow
Authors: Horne Gerald
Published: May 2017

This chapter argues that the Scottsboro case was profoundly important not least because it was seized upon by the Communist party and its global network of activists to highlight Jim Crow. This placed tremendous pressure on the nation's rulers at a time when national security was being challenged frontally in leading capitals—Moscow particularly—which had decided to focus on Jim Crow, while training talented Negroes like Patterson to subvert this hateful system. For only months after the Scottsboro campaign had been launched, the CP was crowing about the gigantic steps that had been taken on the anti-Jim Crow front. Scottsboro occasioned a massive counterattack by the radical left not only on the antiracist front but with regard to the lineaments of Negro history generally. Ultimately, however, a delicate pas de deux was performed whereby those like Patterson, who had helped to place Jim Crow in the global spotlight, were sidelined, and in compensation, Jim Crow was eroded.
Prison Looms
Authors: Horne Gerald
Published: May 2017

This chapter looks at the concerted effort to put Patterson behind bars. It was August 1950, shortly after war had erupted on the Korean peninsula, and the nation was more anxious than usual about Communists that the subpoena arrived, summoning Patterson to Washington. The inquisitors were fishing for names of Civil Rights Congress (CRC) and Communist party members. Patterson's remaining ally, Congressman Vito Marcantonio of East Harlem, then told him, “If you don't give them the names [then] you are going to be in contempt of Congress. If you [do], you're going to be in contempt of all progressive mankind. Remember, you're a Red and a Negro and what they hate more than [a] Negro is one who knows both who and how to fight.” Eventually, Patterson had to face a trial as he busily prepared to press charges against the country of his birth for perpetrating genocide against African Americans.
Sex Tourism in Bahia
Authors: Williams Erica Lorraine
Published: May 2017

For nearly a decade, Brazil has surpassed Thailand as the world's premier sex tourism destination. As the first full-length ethnography of sex tourism in Brazil, this pioneering study treats sex tourism as a complex and multidimensional phenomenon that involves a range of activities and erotic connections, from sex work to romantic transnational relationships. The book explores sex tourism in the Brazilian state of Bahia from the perspectives of foreign tourists, tourism industry workers, sex workers who engage in liaisons with foreigners, and Afro-Brazilian men and women who contend with foreigners' stereotypical assumptions about their licentiousness. The book argues that the cultural and sexual economies of tourism are inextricably linked in the Bahian capital city of Salvador. It shows how the Bahian state strategically exploits the touristic desire for exotic culture by appropriating an eroticized blackness and commodifying the Afro-Brazilian culture in order to sell Bahia to foreign travelers. The book combines historical, sociological, anthropological, cultural studies, and feminist perspectives to demonstrate how sexism, racism, and socioeconomic inequality interact in the context of tourism in Bahia.
Introduction
Authors: Williams Erica Lorraine
Published: May 2017

This book explores the cultural and sexual economies of tourism in the Brazilian state of Bahia, known as the “Black Mecca” of Brazil, in order to make sense of how racism, eroticization, and commodification play out in the context of transnational tourism. More specifically, it examines sex tourism's so-called ambiguous entanglements as well as the specter of sex tourism. It also examines the meanings and implications of sex tourism for daily life, romantic relationships, and the transnational mobility of multiple actors in Bahia based on interviews, conducted between June 2005 and August 2008, with a broad range of people, including foreign tourists, tour guides, sex workers, and representatives of nongovernmental organizations. Finally, the book interrogates questions of globalization, political economy, and transnationalism by analyzing the racialized and sexualized dynamics of Salvador, the capital of Bahia, as well as the implications of the specter of sex tourism in the city. This introduction provides an overview of the tourism industry and tourism studies research as well as the book's arguments, theoretical frameworks, research methodologies, and chapters.
Postures of Trust
Authors: Yadlapati Madhuri M.
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores several articulations of faith as the consciousness of humility or dependence, on the one hand, and belonging to a world of meaning, on the other hand. These two forms of experience together identify some defining sense of trust in the sacred. Thus, the chapter begins with a discussion of humility, as treated by several Christian mystics and ritually enacted by Muslims in the five pillars of faith. Next, it considers nineteenth-century Christian theologian Friedrich Schleiermacher's treatment of religious experience and Christian God-consciousness. Finally, the chapter deals with the experience of reconciliation, whether as promise or as realized, and considers in detail a South Indian Hindu puja, the Satyanarayana vrata, as a ritual and mythic enactment of belonging to a larger world.
Remake, Remodel
Authors: Duffy Brooke Erin
Published: May 2017

What is a magazine? For decades, women's magazines were regularly published, print-bound guidebooks aimed at neatly defined segments of the female audience. Yet in an era of convergent media technologies, participatory culture, and new economic demands, producers are confronting vexing questions about the identity of the women's magazine. This book offers a unique glimpse inside the industry and reveals how executives and content creators are working tirelessly to remake their processes and products. Through in-depth interviews with women's magazine producers, an examination of hundreds of trade press reports, and in-person observations at industry summits, the book chronicles a fascinating transformation in print culture and technology from the magazine as object to the magazine as brand. The book draws on these findings to contribute to critical debates about media labor conditions, workplace cultures and hierarchies, and creative processes.
Transforming the Magazine
Authors: Duffy Brooke Erin
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the changes taking place in the economies, technologies, and markets of women's magazines in the late twentieth century by focusing on three publishers: Hearst Magazines, Condé Nast, and Time, Inc. Although each of these companies produces several women's fashion, beauty, and/or service titles, their organizational structures are becoming quite varied as they reorient departments, positions, and routines to address contemporary industry challenges. The chapter considers the extent to which changes in the magazine industry can be ascribed exclusively to digital innovations, whether such changes are being felt evenly across the industry, and how they have created a perfect storm that has opened up the question of “what is a magazine?” It also discusses the ways that Condé Nast, Time, and Hearst are addressing the challenges of digitization. The chapter shows that women's magazine companies venture into online and digital spaces as part of their concentrated efforts to resuscitate their magazine titles.
Rethinking Readership
Authors: Duffy Brooke Erin
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines how the transformations associated with digitization are reshaping the ways in which publishers of women's magazines think about readership by focusing on their constructions of audiences. Editors and publishers of women's magazines have long targeted narrowly defined segments of the female populace based upon demographic factors (age, household income, marital status, educational level, and sometimes even race) as well as lifestyle traits and behaviors. They draw upon surveys and other measurement techniques to understand these segments and craft detailed profiles of their “ideal reader.” This chapter considers women's magazines' shape-shifting approaches to audiences, particularly between producers for the print and digital products. It discusses the magazine industry's progress in terms of providing advertisers with more precise and timely audience metrics, as well as magazines' understanding of audience demographics. It also explores recent developments in online tracking and consumer analytics and how they have inspired a new series of approaches to researching media audiences, including search engine optimization, content syndication and aggregation, and web traffic generation.
Black Women Remember Black Girls
Authors: Brown Ruth Nicole
Published: May 2017

This chapter shows how Black girlhood must be made—in SOLHOT the space of Black girlhood is made through time, a timing that is infused with the sacred and spirit. In SOLHOT, to “homegirl” means engaging Black girls in the name of Black girlhood as sacred work that implicates time. Sacred work acknowledges the ways spirit moves one to act, often beyond the material conditions of one's immediate circumstance. The chapter considers how homegirls remember SOLHOT as a sacred experience that makes Black girlhood possible. It then features a creative and collective memory constructed from the interview transcripts of eight SOLHOT homegirls and M. Jacqui Alexander's (2005) Pedagogies of Crossing: Mediations on Feminism, Sexual Politics, Memory, and the Sacred. The memory shows how homegirls' labor constructs SOLHOT as a methodology and cosmology that makes Black girlhood possible, affirms Black girls' lives, and enables personal and collective transformation.
When Black Girls Look at You
Authors: Brown Ruth Nicole
Published: May 2017

This chapter considers what it means to be seen and looked at as a Black girl. Building on the visual-poetic analysis of June Jordan's (1969) Who Look at Me and M. NourbeSe Philip's (2008) Zong!, the chapter offers an “anti-narrative photo-poem” that couples photography, poetry, and intersubjective insights of Black girlhood to specifically address the institutional norms and interpersonal dynamics that govern their lives and promote a limited knowing of Black girls premised on sight alone. The primary purpose of this chapter is to show that Black girls actively decide who and what is worthy of their presence and attention. The anti-narrative photo-poem invites those who dare to look to answer with action, as June Jordan suggested, but to do so while giving attention to the kinds of nuanced intersubjective interactions that hinge on the particular usable truth that Black girls are looking at you, watching them.
Christian Petzold
Authors: Fisher Jaimey
Published: May 2017

In eleven feature films across two decades, Christian Petzold has established himself as the most critically celebrated director in contemporary Germany. The best-known and most influential member of the Berlin School, Petzold's career reflects the trajectory of German film from 1970s New German Cinema to more popular fare in the 1990s and back again to critically engaged and politically committed filmmaking. His combination of critical celebration and popular success underscores Petzold's singular cinematic achievement: the deliberate and shrewd negotiation of art cinema and popular Hollywood genre. This book frames Petzold's cinema at the intersection of international art cinema and sophisticated genre cinema. This approach places his work in the context of global cinema and invites comparisons to the work of directors like Pedro Almodovar and Rainer Werner Fassbinder, who repeatedly deploy and reconfigure genre cinema to their own ends. These generic aspects constitute a cosmopolitan gesture in Petzold's work as he interprets and elaborates on cult genre films and popular genres, including horror, film noir, and melodrama. The book explores these popular genres while injecting them with themes like terrorism, globalization, and immigration, central issues for European art cinema. The volume also includes an extended original interview with the director about his work.
Muzak-Plus and the Art of Participation
Authors: Vanel Hervé
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses the composer John Cage's interest in Muzak and his concept of “Muzak-plus”. Cage's long-lasting interest in muzak was not because he liked Muzak, or that he was sympathetic to its alleged power. On the contrary, Cage often stated his distaste and, to a certain extent, his fear of Muzak. But he perceived his aversion for muzak as something to be somehow overcome. Cage first alluded to the concept of Muzak-plus in a piece he wrote in 1962 for the collective publication Module, Proportion, Symmetry, Rhythm. Muzak-plus is a situation where being creative never seemed so natural and unnoticeable an act (fulfilled simply while going through the room). In itself, the principle of listeners–performers–composers activating the space by simply traversing it recalls Cage's remark that actually “no one means to circulate his blood.” With Muzak-plus, one could barely dream of a more integrated form of art as life.
Caribbean Spaces
Authors: Davies Carole Boyce
Published: May 2017

This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the concept of “Caribbean Spaces,” which is used to describe plural island geographies, the surrounding continental locations as well as Caribbean sociocultural and geopolitical locations in countries in North, South, and Central America. A Caribbean diaspora has also been created in countries via various waves of migration to particular areas that became Caribbean Space. Thus, Caribbean Spaces are locations that preserve certain versions of Caribbean culture as they provide community support in migration. The chapter then sets out the book's purpose, namely to identify a series of passages and locations between the Americas that facilitate movement as they identify a set of specific traumas. It tries to move beyond the macro “middle passage,” between Africa and the New World, in order to speak about the way we understand cultural spaces. To do this, it moves between explorations of Caribbean culture in a variety of locations (spaces) to a larger imagined geographical Caribbean space, broadening its meanings at every turn. It also attempts a move between the autobiographical and the conceptual, the experiential and the theoretical, in order to disrupt the logic of exclusionary academic discourse that often denies the personal.
Middle Pasages
Authors: Davies Carole Boyce
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores the concept of the Middle Passage, which has attained iconic significance in African diaspora discourses. The concept refers to the transportation of numerous Africans across the Atlantic; difficult and pain-filled journeys across ocean space; dismemberment referring to the separation from their families and kin groups; the economic trade and exchange in goods in which Africans were the capital, commodities, or source of exchange and garnering of wealth for others; deterritorialization, the separation from one's own native geography or familiar landmarks, and the parallel disenfranchisement of Africans in new locations; the necessary constitution of new identities in passage and on and after arrival. However, the Middle Passage has also become a historical marker in space and time, for some an aesthetic, for many an evocative body memory in terms of confinement to limited spaces, but absolutely a break between different ways of being in the world.
Women, Labor, and the Transnational
Authors: Davies Carole Boyce
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on Caribbean domestic labor. It argues that the economics of slavery and colonialism that accompanied the rise of European modernity, created the conditions for contemporary American economic globalization, which serve as the larger backdrop for Caribbean women's labor in migration. The sexual division of labor in feminist political economy assumes the control of women's time and work as normal. Additionally, a segmented pattern of labor based on gender and class creates assumptions about the value and availability of certain women's work. In particular, the labor of women of color is assigned lower value, while it is multiply extracted and linked, therefore precisely, to that long history of imperialist exploitation that began in enslavement to plantation economies.
“Haiti, I Can See Your Halo!”
Authors: Davies Carole Boyce
Published: May 2017

This chapter uses the logic of the halo not in the way it appears in Christian iconography, but in the way the halo of what Haiti means radiates as a series of spatial principles across the African diaspora. The contradictory history of Haiti that produced today's American hemisphere's poorest country runs up against a history of glory and transcendence. Thus, in many ways, Haiti becomes an important and extreme representation of the black condition: on the one hand, a past of dignity and legendary greatness; on the other, the starkness created by the initial history of dispossession, subsequent economic difficulty, brought on sometimes by horrendous leadership, often in collusion with external actors, environment, climate, location, but through it all, an amazing resistance of its people matched by an outstanding creativity.
Circulations
Authors: Davies Carole Boyce
Published: May 2017

This chapter engages some of the political realities of living as a Caribbean person in the United States. It examines the movements of some of the most visibly representative figures largely from the Anglophone Caribbean, from the formative period of black activism leading up to the Black Power period of the 1970s. In pursuing earlier work on Claudia Jones that focused largely on the 1930s—1950s, the author was able to see some patterns emerging in the surrounding intellectuals and activists with whom Jones' work intersected and intersects, that is, the African American activists in the U.S. context and the larger Caribbean and Pan-African and international contexts. Jones' Caribbean left politics addresses the question of how to “remake” inherited political positions for usability in black communities.
Policing Politics
Authors: Goodall Alex
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses how the idea of subversion allowed the supporters of war to get round these two, interrelated, problems of jurisprudence and rhetoric. In ideological terms, by defining dissenters as “subversive” it was possible to present opponents of war as essentially unpatriotic and un-American: if not un-American in strictly legal terms, then at least metaphorically, such that the abstract image of a unified nation could be preserved. Meanwhile, from a legal perspective, the idea of subversion could be used to designate a new, broad category of criminal behavior of sufficient gravity that the federal government's responsibility to guarantee the republican form of government gave it a mandate to act, but that, unlike treason, was not strongly regulated by the Constitution.
Red Herrings
Authors: Goodall Alex
Published: May 2017

This chapter talks about how expansion abroad had seemed to be both a rhetorical commitment and a strategic priority for the Bolshevik movement. The seizure of power in Russia was the first stage in a global revolution that would witness the end of warring nationalities and a global peace forged through an interconnected series of proletarian revolutions. To this end, in March 1919 the Bolsheviks established the Third, or Communist, International, as a tool for coordinating the activities of vanguard revolutionary parties throughout the world. This seemed to be a practical necessity as much as an ideological commitment, for Russia had only a tiny urban proletariat and a relatively small manufacturing base and was vulnerable to capitalist invasion.
American Fascism
Authors: Goodall Alex
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses how there was no single path to fascism in America. Explanations for the rising influence of anti-Semitic, conspiratorial, and antidemocratic ideas on the extreme Right in the 1930s often focus on the unique characteristics of particular subgroups: the conspiratorial methodology of Protestant fundamentalist Bible decoders, the corporatist traditions of the Catholic Church, and the totalitarian ethic of big businessmen like Ford. But none of these explanations entirely satisfies, since other individuals in each of these communities did not respond in the same way. Political defeat clearly played its part in the formation of the rejectionist consciousness of extremists; again, though, other individuals experienced political exclusion without needing fascistic ideas to reconcile themselves to a hostile world.