bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transformation of Viral Content in the Communication Process
Authors: Zakharchenko Artem , Tsymbal Edward ,   Institute of Journalism, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: August 2016

The main objective of the study was to find out the typical scenarios of the viral content transformation in the contemporary communicative practice, as well as to identify the typical directions of changing both form and meaning of the content that had been actively spreading through the web.

In this research the authors primarily used the method of descriptive analysis to reveal the features of the media virus’ main components in the Internet. The method of synthesis was used to identify the common patterns of the viral content transformation.

Results / findings. The authors identified scenarios of media viruses transformations during their distribution in the various web platforms designed for communication.

The directions of meme transition from the offline communication to the online one and vice versa were detected. The reasons for such changes were identified as well as the communication environments, which conduce selecting of certain directions for the viral content transformation.

It was found out that the memes as units of actively horizontally disseminated information are extremely labile. They vary both in forms, in which they are transmitted from one man to another, and in their actual meanings. The course of changes of the viral content that contains a certain meme primarily depends on the form of such content. In many cases, the content can remain unchanged, when the form is changing. In some cases the viral content gets an additional meaning. Sometimes a combination of two media viruses occurs, thus actually shaping the third one or at least significantly altering the original meaning. Occasionally there are cases when the meme during its spreading and usage in communications, changes its value into completely opposite.
On terminal alkynylcarbinols and derivatization thereof
Authors: Listunov Dymytrii , Maraval Valérie , Saffon-Merceron Nathalie , Mallet-Ladeira Sonia , Voitenko Zoia , Volovenko Yulian , Génisson Yves , Chauvin Remi
Published: August 2016

The chemistry of three prototypes of secondary alkynylcarbinols (ACs), recently highlighted as challenging targets in anti-tumoral medicinal chemistry, is further documented by results on n-alkyl, alkynyl and alkenyl representatives. The N-naphthyl carbamate of an n-butyl-AC is thus characterized by X-ray crystallography. A novel dialkynylcarbinol (DAC) with synthetic potential is described, namely the highly dissymmetrical triisopropylsilyl-protected version of diethynylmethanol. The latter is shown to act as a dipolarophile in a selective Huisgen reaction with benzyl azide under CuAAC click conditions, giving an alkenyl-AC, where the alkene unsaturation is embedded in a 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole ring, as confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
The daily life of people with disabilities: experience of Lappeenranta
Authors: Akimova Svetlana L
Published: August 2016

The article is devoted to the experience of social services in South Karelia (region of Finland) in respect of different types of urban support for disabled people in the areas of employment, housing and hobbies. The article describes the work of institutions providing assistance to people with disabilities and the services which are being provided by social service Eksote in Lappeenranta, Imatra and Parikkale. The article describes the work of centers round the clock monitoring and employment for the day, as well as the daily lives of people with Down syndrome, severe autism, intellectual disabilities. The attention is focused on the best practices in Finland, enabling the disabled child to engage in open employment. The article informs about the kinds of financial support for disabled people in Finland and assistance from the National Insurance Institute Kela, including the payment of rental housing. This article describes the features and differences of the centers around the clock care for people with disabilities in South Karelia: Houses “Petyayamyaki” and Private accommodation center “Villa of Karelia “for people requiring intensive care. The article describes the features of the day centers of employment for people with disabilities in Finland: the Center for Independent Living Support “Arttu” and Center “Valtsy.” According to the official position of the Government of Finland, persons with disabilities have the same rights as all other citizens of the country, and they have possibility to make decisions about their own lives. The Finnish system of medical and social rehabilitation of people with disabilities deserves the attention and replication in Russia.
Respiratory manifestations of Down syndrome
Authors: Beljashova Marija A , Gitinov Shamil’ A , Ovsyannikov Dmitry Yu
Published: August 2016

Down syndrome - the most common human congenital disease, the most common chromosomal abnormality (trisomy of chromosome 21). In addition to the phenotypic features of multiple anomalies on the part of the cardiovascular, central nervous and immune systems, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal system, is very common in patients with Down syndrome are diseases of the respiratory tract. The article presents current data from the literature on the causes of recurrent respiratory infections, obstruction of the upper and lower respiratory tract infections, obstructive sleep apnea associated with phenotypic characteristics of children, predisposing to obstruction. The data on the consequences of such abnormalities of the respiratory tract as a tracheal bronchus. Detailed description of interstitial lung disease in Down syndrome that can develop as a primary pathological process or be the result of infectious lesions and aspiration. Computed tomography allows visualization of pulmonary disorders architectonic, perilobulyarnye shading, depletion of lung pattern at the level of segments and subpleural cysts, the diagnosis of which is of great importance due to the high risk of pneumothorax. We discuss the etiology of the structural changes in the lung, their relationship with pulmonary hypoplasia and congenital heart disease. It is emphasized that the assessment of biopsies morphologists in Down syndrome is complex, as there are multiple, overlapping lung damage. Powered by observation of the patient with Down syndrome and subpleural cysts in the lungs. Thus, patients with Down syndrome have a variety of respiratory symptoms, the possibility of these lesions should be considered in the management of patients.
Multifactorial and hereditary connective tissue disorders in children. diagnostic algorithms. management tactics. russian guidelines
Authors: Abbakumova Larisa N , Arsentev Vadim G , Gnusaev Sergey F , Ivanova Irina I , Kadurina Tamara I , Trisvetova Evgenia L , Chemodanov Vadim V , Chuhlovina Maria L
Published: August 2016

Monogenic forms of inherited disorders of connective tissue and multifactorial connective tissue dysplasia are quite common in the population. Despite the high level of modern molecular techniques, clarification of their nosology of today, still remains a distant prospect. These difficulties are due to a large variety of mutations expressed their phenotypic polymorphism clinical manifestations, the considerable size of the genes encoding the proteins of the connective tissue, a rarity major mutations and low availability of molecular genetic research methods to verify the diagnosis. Clarification of the incidence of connective tissue displasia hindered by the lack of common terminology, standardized diagnostic criteria, as well as the practical inaccessibility of modern molecular genetic techniques to identify this heterogeneous pathology. The first part is devoted to the recommendations of the pediatric aspects of diagnosis of hereditary disorders of connective tissue with agreed international diagnostic criteria, and connective tissue displasia. Details covered principles of tactics and treatment of patients with this pathology. The attention of researchers aimed at studying the problems of the modifying effect of this disease on the nature of the flow of almost all diseases. This proves the feasibility of making additions to the standards of inspection and management of these patients with the mandatory inclusion of a comprehensive treatment of the underlying disease additional treatment and rehabilitation, correcting disorders caused by comorbidities.
Mg-rich mica and tourmaline in pink-colored “parelhas quartzite” intercalations in the equador formation, Borborema pegmatite province, NE-Brazil: record of evaporitic protolith?
Authors: Beurlen Hartmut , Rhede Dieter , Soares Dwight R. , Thomas Rainer , Silva Marcelo Reis R. da
Published: August 2016

Light gray, green to pink-colored banded quartzite intercalations in the NeoproterozoicCEquador Formation (Seridó Group), Seridó Fold Belt, Northeast Brazil, were exploited during several decades as dimension stones under the fashion name “Parelhas Quartzite” (PQ). They can be easily sliced along intensively foliated mm-thick laminae with relatively high content of light green or pink-colored mica, in alternation with more massive, a few cm-thick bands with lower mica contents. The variable ratios between pink and light green micas in the partition laminae, define the color of the produced rock plates, used as outdoor floor or wall coating. Massive, quartzites, meta-arcoses and meta-conglomerates of the Equador Formation (EF) are the exclusive host rock of a few Li-bearing rare element class granitic pegmatites of the Borborema Pegmatite Province, mined for the prized gemstone known as “Paraíba Tourmaline”. The EF hosts also nearly 10% of the Be-Li-Ta-bearing pegmatites of the same province. Pink-colored tourmaline in the form of millimeter- to decimeter-long crystals occur as prominent accessory mineral in the pink-colored PQ and are empirically described by miners and field geologists as “rubellite” and the pink-colored mica as “lepidolite”. The PQ could therefore be considered as a potential source of Lithium. The tourmaline crystals occur isolated or as radial arrangements, always flattened and oriented in the foliation planes. Light green micas are dominant in the greenish-gray PQ and are always referred in the literature as common muscovite. Tourmaline with the same textural relations as the pink-colored counterpart may also occur in the gray PQ plates but in this case is always black. Electron microprobe analyses of the pink mica and tourmaline allowed establish that they are respectively Al-rich phlogopite and magnesiofoitite (this one preferentially occurring in the crystal cores) with transition to dravite and uvite (rims). Both, mica and tourmaline present insignificant lithium contents. The light green micas were identified as the Fe-Mg-rich variety of muscovite known as “phengite”). The PQ can therefore be discarded as possible source of Li for economic exploration. They can also be excluded as source for Li-enrichment in pegmatites by “in situ” anatexis of quartzite or metasomatic assimilation of ascending pegmatite forming melts. There is also no support for the hypothesis of the genesis of the pink-colored mica and tourmaline by pegmatite-related exomorphic alteration. The most probable origin of the B- and Mg-enrichment in the PQ is related to syn-sedimentary evaporitic or volcano-exhalative incursions during the deposition of the original sediments.
Mapeamento geologico da bacia de Sergipe, na região de Propriá e São Francisco: uma contribuição para o conhecimento da fase pré-rifte/rifte
Authors: Pedrosa Flávia Azevedo , Rodrigues Míviam G. M. , Araújo Iraclézia G. de , Lima Filho Mário F. de
Published: August 2016

A Bacia de Sergipe está localizada no Nordeste do Brasil, classificada como uma bacia do tipo rifte, originada durante a abertura do Atlântico Sul. Seus limites vão desde o Alto de Japoatã até a Falha de Vaza Barris. Um dos últimos mapeamentos realizados nesse trecho da bacia foi em 1975 envolvendo a folha Japoatã (SC 24-Z-B-II-3), produzido por uma parceria do DNPM e a Petrobras. Neste trabalho, encontramos sedimentação Paleozóica, composta pela Formação Batinga, (Membro Boaciaca) e Formação Aracaré. Já as formações Bananeiras e Serraria (ambas do Andar Local Dom João), são de idade Jurássica, representam a fase Pré-Rifte da bacia, com mergulho para SE. A Sequência Paleozóica e o Pré – Rifte localizam-se na borda oeste da área mapeada; Na fase Rifte, encontram-se as formações Feliz Deserto, Barra de Itiúba, Coqueiro Seco e Morro do Chaves. A sequência Rifte, é melhor representada pelas formações Feliz Deserto e Barra de Itiúba. Em campo, há uma grande dificuldade de separar a Formação Feliz Deserto da Formação Barra de Itiúba, porque são concordantes entre si e há uma enorme semelhança litológica, já que ambas são compostas por folhelhos cinza esverdeado e arenitos lacustres – deltaicos. Logo, para um melhor entendimento da bacia Sergipe, foi adotado o termo “Formação Feliz Deserto/Barra de Itiúba” neste mapeamento. As formações Coqueiro Seco e Morro do Chaves aparecem apenas ás margens do Rio São Francisco, próximo as falhas de borda NE-SW.
Violação dos Direitos e Preconceito por Parte de Equipe de Saúde da Família à População de Matriz Africana (Imperatriz-MA)
Authors: Tourinho Érika Ferreira , Theodoro Neto Oswaldo José
Published: August 2016

Resumo: baseados na política pública nacional, norteada pela I Conferencia Internacional de Saúde em 1978, discutindo a Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS), faremos a correlação dos cuidados de uma equipe da Estratégia de Saúde da Família de Imperatriz - MA e uma Comunidade de matriz africana. O objetivo é verificar a existência de violação dos direitos e discriminação nesta comunidade. Para tanto utilizou-se o método fenomenológico etnográfico. Confirmado pelas falas dos 50 (cinquenta) integrantes, que não há atendimento, alegando não haver cobertura. Isto prejudica a qualidade de vida, fere a cidadania, além de configurar bullying, violência simbólica, e violação ao Art. 196 da Constituição que preconiza: Saúde é direito de todos e dever do estado. Palavras-chave: Saúde da Família. Bullying Submerso. Violência Simbólica penal. Representações sociais.
Cadeias de valor sustentáveis e trabalho: dos conceitos à prática
Authors: Pegler Lee
Published: August 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é explorar o potencial de melhoria dos direitos trabalhistas dentro de cadeias de valor sustentáveis. Uma preocupação central é como aprimorar as lentes conceituais que usamos para analisar a posição e o papel do trabalho nas cadeias. A questão fundamental que serve de ponto de partida em relação à sustentabilidade é, portanto, se a “lógica” dos dirigentes das cadeias (por exemplo, das firmas líderes, compradores, financiadores e coordenadores de logística) podem ser compatíveis com a “lógica” daqueles que fornecem e ajudam a construir o produto. A construção de uma metodologia para este tipo de estudo deve envolver uma série de observações empíricas e debates conceituais relacionados às cadeias globais de valor (CGV) – isto é, processos físicos de produção que ligam países, mas também processos que incorporam mensagens (“lógicas”) que são transmitidas através do espaço. A questão é sobre como descrevemos e conceitualizamos a gestão, a evolução e a legitimidade da(s) mensagem(ns) imersas nestas cadeias.
Poder disciplinar, biopolítica e gestão do trabalho na Albras S.A
Authors: E Silva Barbosa Attila Magno
Published: August 2016

Se o próprio Foucault entendia sua obra como uma caixa de ferramentas, da qual se poderia dispor das categorias conceituais nelas contidas, a questão que me coloco aqui é tentar fazer uso de algumas delas diante de casos concretos ligados ao mundo do trabalho. Com isto em mente, o objetivo deste artigo é, à luz da analítica do poder, analisar como programas de recursos humanos e de comunicação corporativa contribuem para a construção social de um novo trabalhador, ou se preferirmos usar a terminologia do autor, para a constituição de novos sujeitos. Para empreender tal tarefa analiso o caso da ALBRAS S.A, empresa produtora de alumínio primário, localizada no município de Barcarena, estado do Pará. A pesquisa foi realizada no decorrer do ano de 2008, sendo que trinta trabalhadores foram entrevistados. Outras fontes utilizadas foram os relatórios da administração e os informativos internos da empresa entre os anos de 2003 a 2008.
Os mitos do Lago Formoso em Penalva, baixada maranhense: uma estratégia de conservação que desaparece
Authors: Arraes de Araujo Naíla , Trindade de Almeida Oriana , Bittencourt Pinheiro Claudio Urbano , Cividanes Hernández José Luis
Published: August 2016

Na região da Baixada Maranhense, na Amazônia Legal Brasileira, mais particularmente no município de Penalva, os Aterrados são parte importante da paisagem, constituindo ambientes peculiares desta região. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal levantar e analisar a cultura local relacionada às crenças em entidades encantadas que protegem os Aterrados, e as consequências da perda ou manutenção dessa cultura em relação à conservação desses ambientes. A conclusão é de que a conservação dos Aterrados é fundamental para o sustento continuado das populações locais que mantêm suas atividades produtivas e de subsistência com produtos extraídos desses ambientes. A integração das comunidades às dinâmicas econômicas atuais é um dos fatores que contribuem para a degradação do meio ambiente e perda cultural.
Da Ambivalência à Liderança : um estudo de caso
 From ambivalence to leadership: a case study
Authors: Pelicioli Claudete Inês
Published: August 2016

O presente estudo retrata a trajetória de uma empresária de advocacia, atuante há 15 anos e que, encontra-se em dúvida quanto a escolher pelo crescimento e expansão do negócio, ou manter sua comodidade e estabilidade. Procura-se compreender os fatores que intervém e que influenciam a líder na dinâmica do processo de tomada de decisão e a forma mentis da empreendedora, bem como analisar a situação atual e futura, visando atender ao desejo de desenvolvimento do potencial pessoal e profissional da empreendedora. O estudo contribui para que outros profissionais possam valer-se deste conhecimento, especialmente para as mulheres que almejam superar a ambivalência, tão comum quando desejam alcançar o poder e crescer, seja pessoalmente, seja no contexto em que atuam.
The Joint Use of Multiple Satellite SAR Data and Geotechnical Models for the Study of the Shanghai Ocean-Reclaimed Lands
Authors: Pepe Antonio , Bonano Manuela , Zhao Qing , Yang Tianliang , Wang Hanmei
Published: August 2016

This paper is aimed at studying the temporal evolution of the surface displacements occurred over the past few years in the ocean-reclaimed platforms of the Shanghai megacity (China), which are mainly ascribable to consolidation processes of large dredger fills and alluvial deposits. With respect to previous analyses carried out over the same area, this work provides a joint multi-platform differential interferometry synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) analysis, based on the application of the advanced Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) algorithm. This led us to retrieve long-term deformation time-series that are helpful for a better understanding of the on-going deformation phenomena. To this aim, we have exploited two sequences of SAR data collected by the ASAR/ENVISAT and by the COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) sensors, respectively, spanning the whole time period from 2007 to 2016. Unfortunately, the large time gap (of about three years) existing between the available ASAR/ENVISAT and CSK datasets gave rise to additional difficulties for their combination. Nevertheless, this problem has been faced by benefiting from the knowledge of a time-dependent model describing the temporal evolution of the expected deformations affecting the Shanghai ocean-reclaimed platforms.
Regional Lithological Mapping Using ASTER-TIR Data: Preliminary Case Study for the Tibetan Plateau and the Surrounding Area
Authors: Ninomiya Yoshiki , Fu Bihong
Published: August 2016

The mineralogical indices, e.g., Quartz Index (QI), Carbonate Index (CI), Mafic Index (MI) for ASTER multispectral thermal infrared (TIR) data have been applied to various geological materials. The indices are proved to be robust in extracting geological information at the local scale. Considering the relatively narrow spatial coverage of each ASTER scene compared to LANDSAT, many scenes are needed when mosaicking the images to be mapped at regional scales. We develop a system to search ASTER data for a target area given the vast and expanding ASTER data archive. The data is then conditioned, prioritized, and the indices are calculated before finally mosaicking the imagery. The maps of the indices covering the very wide region of the central Tibetan Plateau are produced with this system. The characteristic features of the indices relating to their geology in the study area are analyzed and discussed. Many interesting lithological and structural information that are not currently well understood in the central Tibetan Plateau, the highest and most extensive plateau in the world, with an average elevation of over 4,500 meters above sea level, for example, distributions of the mafic-ultramafic rocks along the suture zones, the quarzitic and marine sedimentology accreted to the Eurasian continent and sulfate layers related to the Tethys and neo-Tethys geological setting can be retrieved from the processed ASTER images.
Brain Biomarkers of Long-term Outcome of Neonatal Onset Urea Cycle Disorder
Authors: Mourad Maha , Häberle Johannes , Whitehead Matthew , Stricker Tamar , Gropman Andrea L.
Published: August 2016

Urea cycle disorders (UCDs) are common inborn errors of metabolism, with an incidence of one in 30,000 births. They are caused by deficiencies in any of six enzymes and two carrier proteins, the most common being Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency (OTCD). OTCD results in impairment to excrete nitrogen, causing toxic buildup of ammonia with resultant encephalopathy. Hyperammonemia (HA) induces the conversion of glutamate to glutamine in the brain. Excess glutamine in the brain causes osmotic changes cerebral edema, changes in astrocyte morphology, and cell death. Acute symptoms of HA include vomiting, hyperventilation, seizures, and irritability. Long-term neurological changes include deficits in working memory and executive function. To date, there are no predictors of prognosis of infants with neonatal onset OTCD outside of plasma ammonia level at presentation and duration of hyperammonemic coma. We provide a comprehensive analysis of a 16-year-old male with neonatal onset of OTCD as an example of how brain biomarkers may be useful to monitor disease course and outcome. This male presented at 8 days post natal with plasma ammonia and glutamine of 677 and 4024 micromol/L and had a missense mutation in Exon 4 (p.R129H). Treatment included protein restriction, sodium benzoate, and citrulline, arginine, and iron. He suffered recurrent acute hyperammonemic episodes despite compliance, triggered by infections or catabolic stressors. We discuss the long-term effects of the hyperammonemic episodes by following MRI based disease biomarkers.
Guest Editorial: America’s Unconventional Energy Opportunity
Authors: Gee David , Pope Gregory , Thomson Alan
Published: August 2016

Guest Editorial

The United States is in the midst of a once-in-a-generation energy opportunity. The advent of hydraulic fracturing has launched a new era of energy abundance—a stark contrast to the decades of growing domestic energy scarcity that preceded it. This abundance has contributed to a sharp reduction in oil prices during the past year. Moreover, US natural gas prices have remained well below the global average and are one-third the level of those of many of its largest trading partners.

Yet the general public shows little appreciation for, or even an understanding of, the relationships between “fracking” and increased domestic production and lower fuel costs.* A recent Pew Research Center study found that more Americans oppose hydraulic fracturing than support it, and the opposition is growing. In many parts of the country, fracturing has become a derisive term for all drilling activity.

The energy industry is losing the battle for public and political legitimacy. Eroding public support poses a threat to the ongoing progress of the industry and the US in boosting energy output, and it threatens to curtail the economic and environmental benefits of future energy production.

However, our recent report, “America’s Unconventional Energy Opportunity” by Harvard Business School (HBS) and The Boston Consulting Group (BCG), shows that a rational middle does exist (Porter et al. 2015). We found that it is possible to safeguard the economic benefits of unconventional oil production while simultaneously improving environmental performance and accelerating the transition to a lower-carbon energy future.

Divisive Debate

Opposition to unconventional production has already worked its way into public policy in many parts of the country. In late 2014, Gov. Andrew Cuomo of New York banned hydraulic fracturing in the state after health officials in his administration decided on the basis of limited evidence that regardless of how drilling procedures are regulated, fracturing poses a threat to air quality, clean water, and public health. At about the same time, the citizens of Denton, Texas, which is located just a few miles from where hydraulic fracturing was perfected, passed a ballot initiative that would ban hydraulic fracturing within the city’s limits. (The ban has since been overturned by the Texas Legislature, which gave the state government exclusive jurisdiction over the oil and gas industry.)
Origins of Natural Gas Discharging From Shallow Groundwater
Authors: Darling Bruce K.
Published: August 2016

Beyond the Headlines

Editor’s note: Professionals in the oil and gas industry often receive questions about how industry operations affect public health, the environment, and the communities in which they operate. Of particular concern today is the impact of hydraulic fracturing on the environment. In this column, JPT invites energy experts to put those questions and concerns about industry operations into perspective. Additional information about the oil and gas industry, how it affects society, and how to explain industry operations and practices to the general public is available on SPE’s Energy4me website at www.energy4me. org.

In my recent article in the July issue of JPT, I explained how the composition of natural gas establishes a basis for differentiating between thermogenic and biogenic gases. Recall that thermogenic gases are formed from the heating of organic matter in high-temperature subsurface environments. Gases that form under these conditions are typically composed of hydrocarbons ranging from one to six carbon atoms, or methane (C1) to hexane (C6).

Biogenic gases form in lower temperature regimes, usually in the near subsurface, as a result of microbial activity on buried organic matter. These gases, which are dominantly methane with very minor ethane (C2) and propane (C3), are commonly associated with coalbeds, swamps, and landfills.

We can differentiate between thermogenic and biogenic gases by considering the molar ratio of methane to ethane and other hydrocarbons (C1/( C2+ C3). As noted in my previous article, it is not uncommon for that ratio to be less than 100 among thermogenic gases and to be greater (oftentimes, much greater) than 1,000 among biogenic gases. The difference in ratios is a function of the deficiency of ethane (C2), propane (C3), and higher-chain hydrocarbons in biogenic gases.

In addition to the molar ratios, geochemistry offers a deeper look into the signatures of natural gases by mass spectrometry. This gives geochemists a powerful means of differentiating between thermogenic and biogenic gases. Specialized laboratories have the equipment needed to conduct such analyses on samples of dissolved gas in water and samples of gas collected from production wells. Such analyses focus on specific carbon and hydrogen components of the methane (C1) fraction.
Unconventional Resources Will Require Unconventional EOR
Authors: Jacobs Trent
Published: August 2016

Conference review - 2015 Unconventional Resources Technology Conference

The Bakken Petroleum System, which includes the Bakken and Three Forks shales in North America, is estimated to hold as much as 900 billion bbl of original oil in place. However, the technically recoverable oil is a fraction of the total, estimated to be 20 billion bbl to 45 billion bbl, because most of the 8,000 producing wells have a recovery factor of about 3% to 10%.

“And in fact, 10% is anomalously high,” said James Sorenson, a senior researcher at the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC). “So it is clear with the enormous size of the prize in the ground that even small improvements in recovery could yield significant amounts of oil.”

Sorenson is leading a research project involving government agencies and several upstream companies in search of a way to squeeze more oil out of the Bakken for years to come by using CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). He presented the progress of the project at the recent Unconventional Resources Technology Conference.

Sorenson said the key to understanding how well CO2 will work in tight formations is a deep understanding of how fluids move through tiny pores and microfractures. Microfractures account for much of the porosity and permeability in the Middle Bakken formation and will be important for EOR because they are also thought to contribute to long-term production.

So far, the research team has completed a series of studies using a wide range of technologies including scanning electron microscopes and computed tomography to identify rock characteristics that would allow trapped oil to be produced.

In experiments, the researchers have discovered that when small shale samples are placed into a high-pressure/ high-temperature chamber and bathed with CO2, the oil will swell and its viscosity lowers enough so that it moves through the rock. “It demonstrates that oil can be extracted and that CO2 can also permeate the rocks,” Sorenson said.

This is different from CO2 flooding in conventional reservoirs in which the goal is to displace the oil and sweep it into the production zone. Some of the experiments were able to extract 80% to 100% of the oil from the shale samples in a 24-hour period. However, Sorenson said more experiments will be needed to get a better handle on the mechanisms involved in the process.

The information obtained from the laboratory testing has been run through computer models to see how the CO2 will affect production on a larger scale. Though the models showed that production could be improved, in some cases doubled, they also showed there is a clear delay in comparison with what happens during a CO2 flood in a conventional formation.
Q&A with Hatem Nuseibeh, President and Group Representative of Total UAE
Authors: Henni Abdelghani
Published: August 2016

Q&A

Describe Total’s major projects in the UAE and Abu Dhabi and their importance to the company.

Two things show the importance of the UAE and Abu Dhabi to Total. The first is our footprint: We are the largest international oil company (IOC) in Abu Dhabi involved across the whole energy value chain—from upstream through midstream to downstream.

In the upstream sector, we operate the Abu Al Bukhoosh (ABK) field, making us the only major IOC to operate in Abu Dhabi, and we are also a partner in the Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Petroleum Operations (ADCO) and the Abu Dhabi Marine Operating Co.

In gas treatment, we are a partner in Abu Dhabi Gas Industries Co. (GASCO), while for liquefied natural gas (LNG) exportation, we are a partner in Abu Dhabi Gas Liquefaction Co. (ADGAS).

For gas importation, we are a partner in Dolphin Energy. In the downstream sector, we are involved in the Fertil fertilizer project with Abu Dhabi National Oil Co. (ADNOC). We are also partners with Masdar in the Shams 1 solar energy project, as well as in the Taweelah desalination project. We have a lubricant blending plant and a trading office in Dubai. This shows how important Abu Dhabi and the whole UAE is to Total.

The second important thing is the recently awarded ADCO concession, because what we have offered to ADCO for our 10% stake is a clear indication of our commitment to Abu Dhabi and its future.
Modelo de Simulación de Estrategias de Inversión para Papicultores Colombianos
Authors: Gil-Vera Víctor Daniel
Published: August 2016

En Colombia, la papa es un producto básico cuyo precio depende principalmente de la oferta y la demanda locales. El sector papicultor colombiano presenta grandes incertidumbres sobre los beneficios netos que se pueden generar en el corto, mediano y largo plazo, debido a la alta volatilidad de los precios del tubérculo. Este trabajo presenta un modelo de simulación de estrategias de inversión para papicultores colombianos desarrollado en la plataforma de simulación Vensim. El modelo consideró diferentes variables entre las que se destaca el precio, el costo de la mano de obra, inversiones en nuevas tecnologías, entre otras. Con el desarrollo de este trabajo se concluye que las utilidades de los papicultores son altamente sensibles a tres factores: precio, costos de producción e inflación.
Relación Empresa- Universidad
Authors: Marulanda-Maya Ángela María
Published: August 2016

Como empresa todos debemos tener claro que los estudiantes están en un proceso de acercamiento al mundo profesional y no por eso abusar en horarios o tareas encomendadas.
La Industria Química: Importancia y Retos
Authors: Montes-Valencia Nancy
Published: August 2016

La química siempre ha estado presente en la vida del hombre para satisfacer sus necesidades y mejorar su calidad de vida. Hoy en día la industria química es un importante sector industrial presente en la mayoría de países, que dinamiza el crecimiento económico, genera empleo y ofrece diversidad de productos, no obstante produce contaminación al medio ambiente y utiliza recursos naturales no renovables. Por lo tanto surge el concepto de química verde como respuesta a la problemática ambiental cuya estructura es la sostenibilidad, siendo su principal objetivo prevenir la generación de emisiones y armonizar la química con los recursos naturales. Existe un gran reto para la industria química y es encontrar fuentes alternativas de energía para no seguir dependiendo del petróleo, el gas natural y el carbón, una de estas es el uso de la biomasa para la obtención de combustibles líquidos.
Capacidad de Orquestación de Servicios Web en las Herramientas MULE ESB y Oracle Service Bus
Authors: Castro-Zamora Claudia Ivette , Flores-Valdés Eva
Published: August 2016

La gestión de la información se ha convertido en un factor fundamental para el desempeño óptimo del sector empresarial. Es muy frecuente que los sistemas implantados deban evolucionar en conjunto con la organización en la que se encuentran funcionando, con el objetivo de satisfacer los nuevos requerimientos que surgen en la misma. En este proceso de crecimiento se ve la necesidad de que estos sistemas compartan información y se trabaje con esta de manera automatizada para dar soporte a los disímiles procesos de negocio definidos. La adopción de una Arquitectura Orientada a Servicios (SOA) posibilita la creación de sistemas dinámicos y escalables, además, facilita el proceso de interacción entre estos y otras aplicaciones. Entre los facilitadores para la implantación de una SOA se encuentra la tecnología Bus de Servicios Empresariales que se basa en una infraestructura de software que funciona como capa intermedia, proporcionando servicios de integración de las distintas aplicaciones a través de mensajería basada en estándares y servicios de sincronización. Esta se basa en un conjunto de capacidades para dar solución a cualquier escenario de integración. En este trabajo se evaluará el comportamiento de dos herramientas que implementan la tecnología ESB con respecto a la capacidad orquestación de servicios que no es más que un proceso de colaboración entre distintos servicios bajo un patrón determinado.
Reflexividad, mediaciones y educación. El sujeto y su interacción con la pantalla audiovisual
Authors: Zabala Sandoval Juan David
Published: August 2016

Pensar los medios masivos de comunicación es una tarea que debería optar por una concepción compleja de sus efectos y de la importancia que tienen en los procesos de constitución de sujeto en su entorno social. En especial, la televisión, es fuente de formas particulares y grupales de ver y ser en el mundo, las cuales hacen posible, a su vez, el volver la mirada sobre sí mismo dando origen a procesos de identificación y construcción de realidades sociales y cotidianas, así como dar cuenta del mundo a partir de procesos de socialización básicos en la formación de sujetos y subjetividades. Por lo tanto, es interesante entender la interacción entre el sujeto y la pantalla televisiva a partir del enfoque crítico de recepción, que implican mediaciones institucionales, situacionales y contextuales para comprender la recepción como un proceso cambiante. Proceso que tiene por activo al sujeto, quien negocia sentidos, posturas, valores y percepciones con los medios masivos de comunicación, por lo que es camino al estudio de procesos educativos, de reflexión y construcción social de realidades, cuya finalidad no sea la de vetar el consumo mediático o pensar los medios masivos como productos apartados y alienantes de la realidad. La intención es vislumbrar que la televisión, como medio masivo, es parte fundamental de los procesos de socialización actual y que, por tanto, se hace necesario proponer modos alternativos de entender la estructuración/producción del sujeto, así como otras formas de lectura e interacción con estos contenidos comerciales y educativos. © Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales.
Modelos democráticos con pretensiones emancipatorias: una invitación a transitar de lo racional a lo razonable
Authors: Nova Laverde Mariluz
Published: August 2016

Los grandes debates suscitados por Teoría de la justicia de John Rawls determinaron lo que los analistas han denominado el giro político de su pensamiento, el cual se materializa en el Liberalismo político. Allí, Rawls consolida un modelo de democracia consensual, controvirtiendo y apartándose del liberalismo doctrinario. La hipótesis a desarrollar en este documento es que un análisis del paso de la concepción de un agente liberal individualista de Teoría de la justicia a la concepción política de persona de Liberalismo político favorece una lectura crítica de la posterior eclosión de teorías de la democracia como instrumento de emancipación, toda vez que pone de presente el carácter enajenante de la idea de racionalidadque ha conducido a la autodestrucción del proyecto de la Ilustración como ideario emancipatorio. Lo anterior, además, conduce a la reflexión respecto de lo que constituye un régimen justo, cuestión que cobra la mayor importancia en la coyuntura de búsquedas de salidas negociadas al conflicto armado en Colombia. © Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales.
Embarazo y paternidad juvenil en el Departamento del Cesar: ¿Y dónde está el padre?
Authors: Duarte Orozco Mario Alejandro
Published: August 2016

En el departamento del Cesar, el embarazo juvenil se ha constituido en un fenómeno social que requiere del abordaje desde lo gubernamental y lo académico. Por cuanto se refiere al último aspecto, el presente artículo se convierte en un aporte reflexivo proponiendo que la emergencia de la paternidad juvenil trae consigo la necesidad de abordar las subjetividades y experiencias de estos jóvenes padres, así como los distintos roles, prácticas y actitudes dentro del marco de los significados y las consecuencias que acarrea para el individuo el reconocimiento, aceptación y ejercicio de la paternidad dentro de sus contextos personales, familiares y sociales. Para lo anterior, se propone, una visión ampliada del embarazo juvenil, no reducido únicamente a unas condiciones físicas o meramente biológicas, sino que se inserta dentro la dinámica de otras aristas como la psicológica, jurídica y cultural. Desde este último aspecto, se analiza la emergencia de la paternidad juvenil como un evento significativo, pues por un lado registra socialmente su masculinidad, y por otro lado, redirecciona su proyecto de vida. Así los cambios e implicaciones que el joven debe afrontar a partir de la noticia del embarazo y, posteriormente, con el nacimiento y crianza del hijo/hija, ponen a prueba su resistencia y formación como hombre desde las responsabilidades, la entrada al mundo del trabajo y los sacrificios  que esto genera.  © Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales.
Hydrological evidence and causes of seasonal low water levels in a large river-lake system: Poyang Lake, China
Authors: Yao Jing , Zhang Qi , Li Yunliang , Li Mengfan
Published: August 2016

Seasonal variations in local catchments and connected rivers lead to complex hydrological behaviours in river-lake systems. Poyang Lake is a seasonally dynamic lake with frequent low levels in spring and autumn, which may be triggered by the local catchment and Yangtze River. Based on two typical years, a hydrodynamic model combined with long term hydrological observations was applied to quantify the spatiotemporal impacts of the local catchment and Yangtze River on spring and autumn low water levels in Poyang Lake. As a first attempt, this study explored the spatial differences of the two influences. Simulation results showed that the contributions of the catchment and the Yangtze River were approximately 70% and 30% in spring 1963, and 5% and 95% in autumn 2006, respectively. The area of catchment influence was mainly distributed in channels and southern floodplains, with relatively uniform water levels. The area impacted by the Yangtze River mainly spanned from the northern portion of the waterway to the central lake, with strong spatial variability. This study focused on two typical years; however, the results can be extended to explain common hydrological phenomena and improve future strategies of water resource management in this river-lake system.
Study of Effect of Different Factors in Formulation of Micro and Nanospheres with Solvent Evaporation Technique
Authors: Subedi Gunjan , Shrestha Ashwinee Kumar , Shakya Shailendra
Published: August 2016

Background:

There are various methods of formulation of micro and nanospheres such as solvent evaporation, solvent removal, polymerization, hot-melt encapsulation, coacervation, phase/wet inversion, spray drying, spray congealingetc. Amongst these all, solvent evaporation is one of the most widely used, researched, easy, accessible methods and for which many patents have been applied. It is thus imperative to understand the basics of effect of formulation variables and design of solvent evaporation method which will be covered in this review article.

Objective:

To discuss the various formulation factors while designing the robust micro and nanospherical systems with better morphology, entrapment and release of the drugs.

Method:

Systematic analysis of the relevant literature, bibliographies, and interactions with investigators.

Results:

From the investigation of different literatures, it was found that various factors of solvent evaporation technique may be controlled in order to design the micro and nanospheres of suitable morphology, entrapment and release characters.

Conclusion:

Various factors like type of polymer used, weight, viscosity, hydrophilicity, concentration, polymer ratio, stirring speed, emulsifier concentration, concentration of cross-linking agents, type of solvent used, rate of addition of solventetc. Affect the yield, morphology, release and entrapment of the drug inside the system. Hence, these factors play crucial role in the design of a robust micro and nanospherical system.
Improvement of Ostrowski integral type inequalities with application
Authors: Qayyum Ather , Faye Ibrahima , Shoaib Muhammad
Published: August 2016

The aim of this paper is to establish new inequalities which are more
generalized than the inequalities of Dragomir, Wang and Cerone. The current
article also obtains bounds for the deviation of a function from a
combination of integral means over the end intervals covering the entire
interval. A variety of earlier results are recaptured as special cases of the
inequalities obtained. Some new perturbed results and application for
cumulative distribution function are also discussed.
On the Z2-cohomology cup-length of some real flag manifolds
Authors: Radovanovic Marko
Published: August 2016

In this paper we discuss two different techniques for calculating the
Z2-cohomology cup-length - one based on fiberings and a result of Horanska
and Korbas, and the other based on Gr?bner bases. We use these techniques to
obtain Z2-cohomology cup-length or bounds for the Z2-cohomology cup-length of
some of the real flag manifolds F(1,...,1,2...,2,n).
Pick’s theorems for dissipative operators
Authors: Srivastava H.M. , Mishra A.K.
Published: August 2016

Let H be a complex Hilbert space and let A be a bounded linear transformation
on H. For a complex-valued function f, which is analytic in a domain D of
the complex plane containing the spectrum of A, let f (A) denote the operator
on H defined by means of the Riesz-Dunford integral. In the present paper,
several (presumably new) versions of Pick?s theorems are proved for f (A),
where A is a dissipative operator (or a proper contraction) and f is a
suitable analytic function in the domain D.
The effects of selected bulky substituents on the pulmonary toxicity of 3-furyl ketones in mice
Authors: Wilson W. C. , Simon J. , Garst J. E.
Published: August 2016

Preliminary studies examined the toxicity of a series of simple alkyl 3-furyl ketone congeners of perilla ketone, 1-(3-furyl)-4-methylpentan-1-one (1), in mice, but little was known about how aromatic or bulky side chains might affect toxicity. Therefore, 3-furylphenyl ketone (2) 3-furylphenethyl ketone (3) and 1-3-furyl-4, 4-dimethylpentan-1-one (4) were synthesized to examine this problem. The 48-h LD50 (i.p.) in Notre Dame Swiss mice for each analog was greater than that of the parent toxicant, perilla ketone (1, 30 ± 5; 2, 173 ± 4; 3, 150 ± 11; 4, 79 ± 5 µmol/kg). Absorption and distribution of these compounds should be similar based on their lipophilicities. Preliminary evidence suggested that the reduced toxicities of 2, 3 and 4 compared with 1 cannot be explained on the basis of 13C-NMR (electron density) characteristics. Instead, the reduced potency likely is the result of steric hindrance of bioactivation by the bulky side chain substituents and(or) alternative metabolism on the phenyl ring rather than the furan ring of 2 and 3.