bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of patients with acute severe autoimmune hepatitis: Predictors of non‐response to corticosteroids and need for liver transplantation
Authors: Eshraghian Ahad , Taghavi Alireza , Nikeghbalian Saman
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims

Acute severe autoimmune hepatitis (AS‐AIH) is an evolving concept and the outcomes and optimal treatment have been less studied. In this study, we aimed to investigate the outcomes of patients with AS‐AIH and predictors of non‐response to corticosteroid therapy and need for liver transplantation.

Methods

In a retrospective cohort, we included patients with AS‐AIH admitted to our liver center. We defined AS‐AIH based on the international autoimmune hepatitis group score as acute presentation of AIH with an international normalized ratio (INR) ≥ 1.5 and without liver cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy. All patients received high dose corticosteroid therapy. Treatment response was defined as liver transplant free survival at 4 months after presentation. Factors associated with response to corticosteroids and survival of patients were studied.

Results

In total, 61 patients with AS‐AIH were included. Forty‐seven patients responded to corticosteroid therapy. In the multivariate regression model, baseline INR (odds ratio [OR]: 0.184; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.048–0.699; p = 0.013) and delayed versus early initiation of corticosteroid (after vs. before 5 days of presentation) (OR: 0.189; 95% CI: 0.039–0.919; p = 0.039) were independent predictors of clinical non‐response to corticosteroid therapy. In the multivariable Cox regression model, baseline INR level (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.542; 95% CI: 1.188–5.440; p = 0.016) and delayed initiation of corticosteroids (HR: 3.578; 95% CI: 1.084–11.812; p = 0.036) were independent predictors of liver transplant free survival at 6 months after diagnosis.

Conclusion

Delayed initiation of corticosteroid therapy might be predictive of clinical non‐response to medical therapy and need for liver transplantation in patients with AS‐AIH.
Colonial erasures in gender and climate change solutions
Authors: Resurrección Bernadette P.
Published: May 2024

Despite deliberate moves to integrate gender with climate change solutions, efforts do not go far enough to account for coloniality, thus falling short of achieving feminist, just and transformative ends. Coloniality is a political blind spot and a systematic amnesia in climate policies and actions, despite being a key driver of climate change manifested through various forms of extractivism, economic growth, and hegemonic Eurocentric knowledge production. As a corrective and a pathway toward realizing a post/decolonial feminist climate praxis, I will disclose the colonial underpinnings in (i) a persistent gender binary and women‐centered approaches; (ii) white feminist epistemic privileging; and (iii) acquiescing to masculine Enlightenment‐inspired techno‐managerialism. Furthermore, disclosures of colonial erasures entail a foundational re‐evaluation of the climate change narrative from an isolated form of natural crisis to a phenomenon embedded in complex histories of colonialism, extractivism, and capitalist exploitation that threatens the intrinsic interdependence of nature and society and planetary survival. As a result, a post/decolonial feminist climate praxis then asks that we foster and restore this interdependence by institutionalizing an ethics of socioecological care, acknowledging epistemic diversity through embodied knowledge, and carrying out intersectional justice.

This article is categorized under:

Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Climate Change and Global Justice

Climate and Development > Sustainability and Human Well‐Being

Climate and Development > Social Justice and the Politics of Development
Rules and impacts of nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay in the degradation of long noncoding RNAs
Authors: Singh Anand Kumar
Published: May 2024

Nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a quality‐control process that selectively degrades mRNAs having premature termination codon, upstream open reading frame, or unusually long 3′UTR. NMD detects such mRNAs and rapidly degrades them during initial rounds of translation in the eukaryotic cells. Since NMD is a translation‐dependent cytoplasmic mRNA surveillance process, the noncoding RNAs were initially believed to be NMD‐resistant. The sequence feature‐based analysis has revealed that many putative long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have short open reading frames, most of which have translation potential. Subsequent transcriptome‐based molecular studies showed an association of a large set of such putative lncRNAs with translating ribosomes, and some of them produce stable and functionally active micropeptides. The translationally active lncRNAs typically have relatively longer and unprotected 3′UTR, which can induce their NMD‐dependent degradation. This review defines the mechanism and regulation of NMD‐dependent degradation of lncRNAs and its impact on biological processes related to the functions of lncRNAs or their encoded micropeptides.

This article is categorized under:

RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms

RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Integrating worthiness with leader identity development for college students
Authors: Orsini Jonathan , Sunderman Hannah , McCain Kate D.
Published: May 2024

While leader identity development (LID) and meaning making are interwoven and essential for student development, little research has explicitly explored their intersection. In this article, we briefly summarize the work of two research projects that explored the intersection of LID and meaning making, including a review of the findings that “worthiness” is a central component of the LID process among college students. Next, we propose an Input‐Process‐Worthiness‐Outcome model for LID that highlights the centrality of worthiness, conceptualizing inputs as developmental experiences; processes as meaning making, and outcomes as personal development. Finally, we close with a review of the scholarship behind the concept of worthiness and point out future research directions that require exploration regarding worthiness in LID, particularly among college students.
The early universe as an open quantum system: complexity and decoherence
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arpan , Brahma Suddhasattwa , Haque S.Shajidul , Lund Jacob S. , Paul Arpon
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In this work, we extend previous results, demonstrating how complexity in an open quantum system can identify decoherence between two fields, even in the presence of an accelerating background. Using the curved-space Caldeira-Leggett two-field model in de Sitter as our toy model, we discover a distinctive feature, namely the appearance of a bump in the growth of complexity of purification, providing an alternative diagnostic for studying decoherence when the adiabatic perturbation is coupled to a heavy field. This paper initiates a new pathway to explore the features of quantum complexity in an accelerating background, thereby expanding our understanding of the evolution of primordial cosmological perturbations in the early universe.
Semi-inclusive single-jet production in DIS at next-to-leading order in the Color Glass Condensate
Authors: Caucal Paul , Ferrand Elouan , Salazar Farid
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Within the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) effective field theory, we derive the next-to-leading order (NLO) cross-section for the single-jet semi-inclusive cross-section in deep inelastic scattering (DIS) at small x, for both longitudinally and transversely polarized virtual photons. We provide analytic expressions, valid at finite Nc and suitable for numerical evaluation, for both the cross-section differential in rapidity and transverse momentum and the cross-section differential in rapidity only. Our NLO formulae demonstrate that the very forward rapidity regime is plagued by large double logarithmic corrections coming from phase space constraints on soft gluons close to the kinematic threshold for jet production. A joint resummation of small-x and threshold logarithms at single logarithmic accuracy is proposed to remedy the instability of the cross-section in this regime. By integrating over the single-jet phase space, we recover known results for the NLO DIS structure functions at small x, previously obtained using the optical theorem.
Wall-crossing effects on quiver BPS algebras
Authors: Galakhov Dmitry , Morozov Alexei , Tselousov Nikita
Published: May 2024

Abstract

BPS states in supersymmetric theories can admit additional algebro-geometric structures in their spectra, described as quiver Yangian algebras. Equivariant fixed points on the quiver variety are interpreted as vectors populating a representation module, and matrix elements for the generators are then defined as Duistermaat-Heckman integrals in the vicinity of these points. The well-known wall-crossing phenomena are that the fixed point spectrum establishes a dependence on the stability (Fayet-Illiopolous) parameters ζ, jumping abruptly across the walls of marginal stability, which divide the ζ-space into a collection of stability chambers — “phases” of the theory. The standard construction of the quiver Yangian algebra relies heavily on the molten crystal model, valid in a sole cyclic chamber where all the ζ-parameters have the same sign. We propose to lift this restriction and investigate the effects of the wall-crossing phenomena on the quiver Yangian algebra and its representations — starting with the example of affine super-Yangian $${\text{Y}}\left({\widehat{\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}}}_{1\left|1\right.}\right)$$. In addition to the molten crystal construction more general atomic structures appear, in other non-cyclic phases (chambers of the ζ-space). We call them glasses and also divide in a few different classes. For some of the new phases we manage to associate an algebraic structure again as a representation of the same affine Yangian $${\text{Y}}\left({\widehat{\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}}}_{1\left|1\right.}\right)$$. This observation supports an earlier conjecture that the BPS algebraic structures can be considered as new wall-crossing invariants.
Sudden breakdown of effective field theory near cool Kerr-Newman black holes
Authors: Horowitz Gary T. , Kolanowski Maciej , Remmen Grant N. , Santos Jorge E.
Published: May 2024

Abstract

It was recently shown that (near-)extremal Kerr black holes are sensitive probes of small higher-derivative corrections to general relativity. In particular, these corrections produce diverging tidal forces on the horizon in the extremal limit. We show that adding a black hole charge makes this effect qualitatively stronger. Higher-derivative corrections to the Kerr-Newman solution produce tidal forces that scale inversely in the black hole temperature. We find that, unlike the Kerr case, for realistic values of the black hole charge large tidal forces can arise before quantum corrections due to the Schwarzian mode become important, so that the near-horizon behavior of the black hole is dictated by higher-derivative terms in the effective theory.
Thermal Bekenstein-Hawking entropy from the worldsheet
Authors: Halder Indranil , Jafferis Daniel L.
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We define and compute the leading sphere diagram contribution to the entropy of the BTZ black hole supported by Kalb-Ramond flux in bosonic string theory. In a winding condensate description, integrating exactly over the constant mode for the radial direction of AdS3 reduces the problem to one of the correlation functions of winding operators in the free theory. The volume of the residual PSL(2,ℂ) gauge group of the sphere is canceled by the action of conformal transformations on the winding interaction insertions. We formulate a precise version of the replica trick in terms of (infinitesimally) non-integer winding condensates to produce the entropy of the BTZ black hole. The resulting entropy can be calculated from the one-point function of a non-local operator on the worldsheet.
Higher-loop integrated negative geometries in ABJM
Authors: Lagares Martín , Zhang Shun-Qing
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In the three-dimensional $$\mathcal{N}$$ = 6 Chern-Simons matter (ABJM) theory, the integrand for the logarithm of the scattering amplitude admits a decomposition in terms of negative geometries, which implies that all the infrared divergences concentrate in the last loop integration. We compute the infrared-finite functions that arise from performing a three-loop integration over the four-loop integrand for the logarithm of the four-point amplitude, for which we use the method of differential equations. Our results provide a direct computation of the four-loop cusp anomalous dimension of the theory, in agreement with the current all-loop integrability-based proposal. We find an apparent simplicity in the leading singularities of the integrated results, provided one works in the frame in which the unintegrated loop variable goes to infinity. Finally, our results suggest an alternating sign pattern for the integrated negative geometries in the Euclidean region.
Holographic reflected entropy and islands in interface CFTs
Authors: Basak Jaydeep Kumar , Basu Debarshi , Malvimat Vinay , Parihar Himanshu , Sengupta Gautam
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We investigate the reflected entropy for various mixed state configurations in the two dimensional holographic conformal field theories sharing a common interface (ICFTs). In the AdS3/ICFT2 framework, we compute the holographic reflected entropy for the required configurations in the vacuum state of the ICFT2 which is given by twice the entanglement wedge cross section (EWCS) in a spacetime involving two AdS3 geometries glued along a thin interface brane. Subsequently, we evaluate the EWCS in the bulk geometry involving eternal BTZ black strings with an AdS2 interface brane, which is dual to an ICFT2 in the thermofield double (TFD) state. We explore the system from a doubly holographic perspective and determine the island contributions to the reflected entropy in the two dimensional semi-classical description involving two CFT2s coupled to an AdS2 brane. We demonstrate that the results from the island formula match precisely with the bulk AdS3 results in the large tension limit of the interface brane. We illustrate that the phase structure of the reflected entropy is quite rich involving many novel induced island phases and demonstrate that it obeys the expected Page curve for the reflected entropy in a radiation bath coupled to the AdS2 black hole.
w1+∞ and Carrollian holography
Authors: Saha Amartya
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In a 1 + 2D Carrollian conformal field theory, the Ward identities of the two local fields $$ {S}_0^{+} $$

S
0
+

and $$ {S}_1^{+} $$

S
1
+

, entirely built out of the Carrollian conformal stress-tensor, contain respectively up to the leading and the subleading positive helicity soft graviton theorems in the 1 + 3D asymptotically flat space-time. This work investigates how the subsubleading soft graviton theorem can be encoded into the Ward identity of a Carrollian conformal field $$ {S}_2^{+} $$

S
2
+

. The operator product expansion (OPE) $$ {S}_2^{+}{S}_2^{+} $$

S
2
+

S
2
+

is constructed using general Carrollian conformal symmetry principles and the OPE commutativity property, under the assumption that any time-independent, non-Identity field that is mutually local with $$ {S}_0^{+} $$

S
0
+

, $$ {S}_1^{+} $$

S
1
+

, $$ {S}_2^{+} $$

S
2
+

has positive Carrollian scaling dimension. It is found that, for this OPE to be consistent, another local field $$ {S}_3^{+} $$

S
3
+

must automatically exist in the theory. The presence of an infinite tower of local fields $$ {S}_{k\ge 3}^{+} $$

S

k
≥
3

+

is then revealed iteratively as a consistency condition for the $$ {S}_2^{+}{S}_{k-1}^{+} $$

S
2
+

S

k
−
1

+

OPE. The general $$ {S}_k^{+}{S}_l^{+} $$

S
k
+

S
l
+

OPE is similarly obtained and the symmetry algebra manifest in this OPE is found to be the Kac-Moody algebra of the wedge sub-algebra of w1+∞. The Carrollian time-coordinate plays the central role in this purely holographic construction. The 2D Celestial conformally soft graviton primary $$ {H}^k\left(z,\overline{z}\right) $$

H
k

z

z
¯

is realized to be contained in the Carrollian conformal primary $$ {S}_{1-k}^{+}\left(t,z,\overline{z}\right) $$

S

1
−
k

+

t
z

z
¯

. Finally, the existence of the infinite tower of fields $$ {S}_k^{+} $$

S
k
+

is shown to be directly related to an infinity of positive helicity soft graviton theorems.
Secondary massive quarks with the Mellin-Barnes expansion
Authors: Bris Alejandro , Mateu Vicent
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Processes involving only massless or massive quarks at tree-level get corrections from massive (lighter, heavier, or equal-mass) secondary quarks starting at two-loop order, generated by a virtual gluon splitting into a massive quark anti-quark pair. One convenient approach to compute such two-loop corrections is starting with the one-loop diagram considering the virtual gluon massive. Carrying out a dispersive integral with a suitable kernel over the gluon mass yields the desired two-loop result. On the other hand, the Mellin-Barnes representation can be used to compute the expansion of Feynman integrals in powers of a small parameter. In this article we show how to combine these two ideas to obtain the corresponding expansions for large and small secondary quark masses to arbitrarily high orders in a straightforward manner. Furthermore, the convergence radius of both expansions can be shown to overlap, being each series rapidly convergent. The advantage of our method is that the Mellin representation is obtained directly for the full matrix element from the same one-loop computation one needs in large-β0 computations, therefore many existing results can be recycled. With minimal modifications, the strategy can be applied to compute the expansion of the one-loop correction coming from a massive gauge boson. We apply this method to a plethora of examples, in particular those relevant for factorized cross sections involving massless and massive jets, recovering known results and obtaining new ones. Another bonus of our approach is that, postponing the Mellin inversion, one can obtain the small- and large-mas expansions for the RG-evolved jet functions. In many cases, the series can be summed up yielding closed expressions.
Can quantum statistics help distinguish Dirac from Majorana neutrinos?
Authors: Akhmedov Evgeny , Trautner Andreas
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Finding out if neutrinos are Dirac or Majorana particles is known to be extremely difficult due to the smallness of neutrino mass and the fact that in the limit mν = 0 both Dirac and Majorana neutrinos become Weyl fermions, i.e. are indistinguishable. There have been suggestions in the literature that in the case of processes with production of a neutrino-antineutrino pair (if neutrinos are Dirac particles) or two neutrinos (if they are of Majorana nature) quantum statistics may be of help. This is because for Majorana neutrinos quantum indistinguishability of identical particles requires the amplitude of the process to be antisymmetrized with respect to the interchange of the final-state neutrinos, whereas no such antisymmetrization must be done for Dirac neutrinos. It has been claimed that the resulting differences between the cross sections for Dirac and Majorana neutrinos persist even for arbitrarily small but not exactly vanishing neutrino mass. We demonstrate that, at least in the framework of the Standard Model, this is not the case. We also give a general proof that within the Standard Model quantum statistics does not help tell Dirac and Majorana neutrinos apart in the limit of negligibly small mν/E.
Non-hydrodynamic response in QCD-like plasma
Authors: Ke Weiyao , Yin Yi
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Quark-gluon plasma’s (QGP) properties at non-hydrodynamic and non-perturbative regimes remain largely unexplored. Here, we examine the response functions describing how a QGP-like plasma responds to initial energy-momentum disturbance in both static and Bjorken-expanding plasma at non-hydrodynamic gradient using the Boltzmann equation in the relaxation-time approximation (RTA). We show that the resulting response functions are remarkably similar in both static and expanding backgrounds at non-hydrodynamic gradients. While non-hydrodynamic response can not be described by the conventional first-order and second-order theories, its behavior is reasonably captured by the extended version of hydrodynamics proposed by us [1]. The potential sensitivity of the Euclidean correlator to non-hydrodynamic response is also illustrated.
Circular RNAs in EMT-driven metastasis regulation: modulation of cancer cell plasticity, tumorigenesis and therapy resistance
Authors: Ashrafizadeh Milad , Dai Jingyuan , Torabian Pedram , Nabavi Noushin , Aref Amir Reza , Aljabali Alaa A. A. , Tambuwala Murtaza , Zhu Minglin
Published: May 2024

The non-coding RNAs comprise a large part of human genome lack of capacity in encoding functional proteins. Among various members of non-coding RNAs, the circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been of importance in the pathogenesis of human diseases, especially cancer. The circRNAs have a unique closed loop structure and due to their stability, they are potential diagnostic and prognostic factors in cancer. The increasing evidences have highlighted the role of circRNAs in the modulation of proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells. On the other hand, metastasis has been responsible for up to 90% of cancer-related deaths in patients, requiring more investigation regarding the underlying mechanisms modulating this mechanism. EMT enhances metastasis and invasion of tumor cells, and can trigger resistance to therapy. The cells demonstrate dynamic changes during EMT including transformation from epithelial phenotype into mesenchymal phenotype and increase in N-cadherin and vimentin levels. The process of EMT is reversible and its reprogramming can disrupt the progression of tumor cells. The aim of current review is to understanding the interaction of circRNAs and EMT in human cancers and such interaction is beyond the regulation of cancer metastasis and can affect the response of tumor cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The onco-suppressor circRNAs inhibit EMT, while the tumor-promoting circRNAs mediate EMT for acceleration of carcinogenesis. Moreover, the EMT-inducing transcription factors can be controlled by circRNAs in different human tumors.
Candida albicans ergosterol disorders as a consequence of the new sulfone derivative action mode
Authors: Staniszewska Monika , Kazek Michalina , Rogalska Marta , Wojewódzka Anna , Kuryk Łukasz , Ochal Zbigniew
Published: May 2024

A series of novel sulfone derivatives were synthesized and screened in vitro for their cytotoxicity and antifungal activity with annotated primary mechanism of action (MOA). We prioritized sulfones with high (4-(bromodichloromethylsulfonyl)benzoic acid 4, 4-(difluoromethylsulfonyl)benzoic acid 12), little (3-[4-(bromodichloromethylsulfonyl)phenyl]propanoic acid 8, difluoromethyl 4-methylphenyl sulfone 11, 4-(difluoromethylsulfonyl)benzoic acid 12), or no cytotoxicity of 4-(4-(dichloromethylsulfonyl)benzoic acid 3) and 3-[4-(dichloromethylsulfonyl)phenyl]propanoic acid 7 against mammalian cell lines. 3 was found to be the most potent sulfone against Candida albicans (Rlog=7.25 at 128–256 µg/mL). The mutation in the CNB1 gene (1) increased the sensitivity of the C. albicans biofilm to 3; (2) reduced ergosterol production and therefore generated higher susceptibility to 4. Sulfone 4 at 128 µg/mL increased cellular RH-123 fluorescence in the wild-type cells of C. albicans, except CNB1/cnb1∆. Moreover, the uptake of sulfones into the cell was unaffected regardless of the presence or absence of RH-123, and the uptake of sulfones was strictly cell/strain dependent. Both RH123 and sulfones cumulatively competed with one another for access to transporters. Calcineurin played a role in this mechanism.
Topology optimization of broadband acoustic transition section: a comparison between deterministic and stochastic approaches
Authors: Mousavi Abbas , Uihlein Andrian , Pflug Lukas , Wadbro Eddie
Published: May 2024

This paper focuses on the topology optimization of a broadband acoustic transition section that connects two cylindrical waveguides with different radii. The primary objective is to design a transition section that maximizes the transmission of a planar acoustic wave while ensuring that the transmitted wave exhibits a planar shape. Helmholtz equation is used to model linear wave propagation in the device. We utilize the finite element method to solve the state equation on a structured mesh of square elements. Subsequently, a material distribution topology optimization problem is formulated to optimize the distribution of sound-hard material in the transition section. We employ two different gradient-based approaches to solve the optimization problem: namely, a deterministic approach using the method of moving asymptotes (MMA), and a stochastic approach utilizing both stochastic gradient (SG) and continuous stochastic gradient (CSG) methods. A comparative analysis is provided among these methodologies concerning the design feasibility and the transmission performance of the optimized designs, and the computational efficiency. The outcomes highlight the effectiveness of stochastic techniques in achieving enhanced broadband acoustic performance with reduced computational demands and improved design practicality. The insights from this investigation demonstrate the potential of stochastic approaches in acoustic applications, especially when broadband acoustic performance is desired.
Inducing hydrophobicity in stainless steel 304 by mechanical texturing and chemical functionalization
Authors: Nanou Paraskevi , Zarkadoulas Athanasios , Pandis Pavlos K. , Tsilikas Ioannis , Katis Ilias , Almpani Despoina , Orfanoudakis Nikolaos , Vourdas Nikolaos , Stathopoulos Vassilis
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the impact of combined texturing by micromachining and chemical functionalization on the wetting behavior and water condensation on stainless steel 304. The transition from Wenzel to Cassie-Baxter or impregnated Cassie-Baxter regimes is investigated. Understanding this transition is critical for advancing surface engineering, as it enables precise control over wetting behavior for various applications. Herein, we report on the wire EDM (wEDM) machining on stainless steel 304 to produce two distinct microstructure patterns with directional canals or pyramidal structure, and their performance in water condensation. These patterns significantly impact water condensation performance. wEDM is employed to create surface roughness, followed by phosphoric acid treatment and chemical functionalization with trichloro-1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl silane. Contact angle measurements reveal a synergistic effect between groove direction and silane coating, leading to hydrophobic surfaces and dropwise water condensation. Specimens with directional canals exhibit a contact angle of 150°, while specimens with pyramidal structures exhibit 151o. Roll-off angle experiments showcased distinct behavior among specimens featuring canals or pyramidal structures. Specimens with canals exhibit notably lower roll-off angles compared to both flat surfaces and those with pyramidal patterns, leading to a dependence of roll-off angles on the orientation of canals. In humid environments, micromachined specimens exhibit superior water condensation capability compared to untreated SS304 surfaces. Chemically functionalized grooved specimens present larger condensate droplet diameters than flat surfaces. An enhancement in water condensation and a sevenfold higher latent heat transfer coefficient is reported. Specimens with chemical functionalization achieve corrosion protection with an efficiency reaching 82.9%.
Toward cleaner space explorations: a comparative life cycle assessment of spacecraft propeller tank manufacturing technologies
Authors: Kokare Samruddha , Moraes Luis , Fernandes Nuno , Norman Andrew , Godina Radu
Published: May 2024

The traditional method of manufacturing propellant tanks for rockets and spaceships involves significant amounts of forging, and machining, making it expensive and environmentally unfriendly. A novel approach for manufacturing propellant tanks that reduces the need for machining and friction stir welding processes has been presented in this paper. This approach involves manufacturing a tank half starting from a single metal plate, using innovative and advanced metal forming processes such as hot stretch forming, magnetic pulse forming, hub forming, and integrated stiffened cylinder (ISC) flow forming followed by orbital welding of two tank halves. A life cycle assessment (LCA) study was conducted in accordance with ISO 14044:2006 standard using the ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) method to compare the environmental impacts of the traditional and newly developed approaches for manufacturing propellant tanks. The results of the LCA study showed that the new approach based on advanced forming technologies reduced carbon footprint by 40%, cumulative energy demand by 35%, water footprint by 17%, and materials waste by 4% compared to traditional manufacturing. The lower environmental impact of the new approach was attributed to a decrease in friction stir welding requirements due to the implementation of advanced forming techniques that enable integrated tank production. This lowered the overall energy consumption in the novel approach by a factor of 1.5 and in turn resulted in lower environmental impact compared to traditional forging and machining-based method. Furthermore, a futuristic scenario that involves in-house tank production using the novel approach with minimal transportation of inventories was also simulated. Based on the LCA results, it was seen that the newly developed approach for manufacturing propellant tanks was more environmentally friendly than the traditional approach and its environmental footprint could be further reduced by implementing the futuristic scenario with minimal transportation. This novel approach is also expected to reduce the lead time and production cost of manufacturing a propellant tank. Hence, future efforts in cost assessment and further optimization of raw material and energy usage are recommended.
Entropy and Thermodynamic Temperature in Nonequilibrium Classical Thermodynamics as Immediate Consequences of the Hahn–Banach Theorem: II Properties
Authors: Feinberg Martin , Lavine Richard B.
Published: May 2024

In a companion article it was shown in a certain precise sense that, for any thermodynamical theory that respects the Kelvin–Planck second law, the Hahn–Banach theorem immediately ensures the existence of a pair of continuous functions of the local material state—a specific entropy (entropy per mass) and a thermodynamic temperature—that together satisfy the Clausius–Duhem inequality for every process. There was no requirement that the local states considered be states of equilibrium. This article addresses questions about properties of the entropy and thermodynamic temperature functions so obtained: To what extent do such temperature functions provide a faithful reflection of “hotness”? In precisely which Kelvin–Planck theories is such a temperature function essentially unique, and, among those theories, for which is the entropy function also essentially unique? What is a thermometer for a Kelvin–Planck theory, and, for the theory, what properties does the existence of a thermometer confer? In all of these questions, the Hahn–Banach Theorem again plays a crucial role.
Dutch translation and cultural adaptation of new LYMPH-Q- scales measuring impact on work and lymphedema worry
Authors: Mos Julia S. , Beelen Louise Marie , van Dishoeck Anne-Margreet , Cornacchi Sylvie D. , Kaur Manraj N. , Breitkopf Trisia , Pusic Andrea L. , Klassen Anne F. , Vasilic Dalibor
Published: May 2024

Background

Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a significant complication of breast cancer treatment that can impact patients’ quality of life. This study focuses on the translation and cultural adaptation of two new LYMPH-Q scales ‘Impact on Work’ and ‘Lymphedema worry’ into Dutch to assess the work-related challenges and worries experienced by patients with BCRL in the Netherlands.

Methods

The translation process followed established guidelines from the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Forward and back translations, expert panel reviews, cognitive debriefing interviews with patients with BCRL, and proofreading were conducted to refine the Dutch translation of the scales. The translation aimed to ensure conceptual equivalence and cultural relevance.

Results

The translation process resulted in the Dutch versions of the LYMPH-Q ‘Impact on Work’ and ‘Lymphedema worry’ scales. The forward translation revealed discrepancies in meaning, word order and synonyms. The back translation and review resulted in changes in item formulation. The expert panel meeting and cognitive debriefing interviews provided valuable input for further refinement.

Conclusion

The translated LYMPH-Q ‘Impact on Work’ and ‘Lymphedema worry’ scales provide healthcare professionals with an instrument to assess and monitor the impact of BCRL on work-related challenges and on worries. This comprehensive translation process, involving patients with BCRL and experts, ensured the linguistic accuracy, cultural relevance, and clarity of the Dutch versions. The translated scales will contribute to a better understanding of the multifaceted impact of BCRL and facilitate the development of tailored interventions to improve patients’ well-being and functional outcomes.

Level of Evidence:

Not ratable
Radiolabelling and preclinical characterisation of [89Zr]Zr-Df-ATG-101 bispecific to PD-L1/4–1BB
Authors: Cao Zhipeng , Wichmann Christian Werner , Burvenich Ingrid Julienne Georgette , Osellame Laura Danielle , Guo Nancy , Rigopoulos Angela , O’Keefe Graeme Joseph , Scott Fiona Elizabeth , Lorensuhewa Nirmal , Lynch Kevin Patrick , Scott Andrew Mark
Published: May 2024

Purpose

ATG-101, a bispecific antibody that simultaneously targets the immune checkpoint PD-L1 and the costimulatory receptor 4-1BB, activates exhausted T cells upon PD-L1 crosslinking. Previous studies demonstrated promising anti-tumour efficacy of ATG-101 in preclinical models. Here, we labelled ATG-101 with 89Zr to confirm its tumour targeting effect and tissue biodistribution in a preclinical model. We also evaluated the use of immuno-PET to study tumour uptake of ATG-101 in vivo.

Methods

ATG-101, anti-PD-L1, and an isotype control were conjugated with p-SCN-Deferoxamine (Df). The Df-conjugated antibodies were radiolabelled with 89Zr, and their radiochemical purity, immunoreactivity, and serum stability were assessed. We conducted PET/MRI and biodistribution studies on [89Zr]Zr-Df-ATG-101 in BALB/c nude mice bearing PD-L1-expressing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts for up to 10 days after intravenous administration of [89Zr]Zr-labelled antibodies. The specificity of [89Zr]Zr-Df-ATG-101 was evaluated through a competition study with unlabelled ATG-101 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies.

Results

The Df-conjugation and [89Zr]Zr -radiolabelling did not affect the target binding of ATG-101. Biodistribution and imaging studies demonstrated biological similarity of [89Zr]Zr-Df-ATG-101 and [89Zr]Zr-Df-anti-PD-L1. Tumour uptake of [89Zr]Zr-Df-ATG-101 was clearly visualised using small-animal PET imaging up to 7 days post-injection. Competition studies confirmed the specificity of PD-L1 targeting in vivo.

Conclusion

[89Zr]Zr-Df-ATG-101 in vivo distribution is dependent on PD-L1 expression in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model. Immuno-PET with [89Zr]Zr-Df-ATG-101 provides real-time information about ATG-101 distribution and tumour uptake in vivo. Our data support the use of [89Zr]Zr-Df-ATG-101 to assess tumour and tissue uptake of ATG-101.
CYP3A4 inhibitors may influence the quantification of [123I]I-FP-CIT SPECT scans
Authors: Booij Jan , Yağci Eda , Sheikh Zulfiqar H , Chahid Youssef
Published: May 2024

Purpose

[123I]I-FP-CIT SPECT is an imaging tool to support the diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes characterized by nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration. After intravenous injection, [123I]I-FP-CIT is metabolized for a small part by the enzyme CYP3A4, leading to the formation of [123I]I-nor-β-CIT. [123I]I-nor-β-CIT passes the blood-brain barrier and has a very high affinity for the serotonin transporter (SERT). The SERT is expressed in the striatum and cortical areas. So, at least theoretical, the use of frequently used CYP3A4 inhibitors (like amiodarone) may influence the specific to non-specific striatal [123I]I-FP-CIT ratio. Here we tested this novel hypothesis.

Methods

Using a retrospective design, we determined the specific to non-specific striatal [123I]I-FP-CIT ratio (using BRASS software) in 6 subjects that were using an CYP3A4 inhibitor and 18 matched controls. Only subjects were included with a normal rated [123I]I-FP-CIT SPECT scan, and all participants were scanned on the same brain-dedicated SPECT system.

Results

The specific to non-specific (assessed in the occipital cortex) striatal [123I]I-FP-CIT binding ratio was significantly higher in CYP3A4 users than in the control group (3.52 ± 0.33 vs. 2.90 ± 0.78, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our preliminary data suggest that the use of CYP3A4 inhibitors may influence striatal [123I]I-FP-CIT binding ratios. This information, when reproduced in larger studies, may be relevant for studies in which quantification of [123I]I-FP-CIT SPECT imaging is used for diagnostic or research purposes.
The efficacy and safety of adding PD-1 blockade to induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (IC-CCRT) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an observational, propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Jin Ya-Nan , Qiang Meng-Yun , Wang Ying , Lin Yu-Jing , Jiang Ren-Wei , Cao Wan-Wei , Zhang Wang-Jian , Wang Si-Yang , Zhang Hong-Yu , Yao Ji-Jin
Published: May 2024

Background

Despite the success of PD-1 blockade in recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), its effect for locoregionally advanced NPC (LANPC) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the benefit of adding PD-1 blockade to the current standard treatment (gemcitabine and cisplatin IC  plus cisplatin CCRT ) for LANPC patients.

Methods

From January 2020 to November 2022, 347 patients with non-metastatic high-risk LANPC (stage III-IVA, excluding T3-4N0) were included. Of the 347 patients, 268 patients were treated with standard treatment (IC-CCRT), and 79 received PD-1 blockade plus IC-CCRT (PD-1 group). For the PD-1 group, PD-1 blockade was given intravenously once every 3 weeks for up to 9 cycles (3 induction and 6 adjuvant). The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS) (i.e. freedom from local/regional/distant failure or death). The propensity score matching (PSM) with the ratio of 1:2 was performed to control confounding factors.

Results

After PSM analysis, 150 patients receiving standard treatment and 75 patients receiving additional PD-1 blockade remained in the current analysis. After three cycles of IC, the PD-1 group had significantly higher rates of complete response (defined as disappearance of all target lesions; 24% vs. 9%; P = 0.006) and complete biological response (defined as undetectable cell-free Epstein-Barr virus DNA, cfEBV DNA; 79% vs. 65%; P = 0.046) than that in the standard group. And the incidence of grade 3–4 toxicity during IC was 47% in the PD-1 group and 41% in the standard group, with no significant difference (P = 0.396). During follow-up period, additional PD-1 blockade to standard treatment improved 3-year DFS from 84 to 95%, with marginal statistical significance (HR, 0.28; 95%CI, 0.06-1.19; P = 0.064).

Conclusion

Additiaonl PD-1 blockade to gemcitabine and cisplatin IC and adjuvant treatment results in significant improvement in tumor regression, cfEBV DNA clearance, superior DFS, and comparable toxicity profiles in high-risk LANPC patients.
The failure of biological treatment in axial spondyloarthritis is linked to the factors related to increased intestinal permeability and dysbiosis: prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Chmielińska Magdalena , Felis-Giemza Anna , Olesińska Marzena , Paradowska-Gorycka Agnieszka , Szukiewicz Dariusz
Published: May 2024

Background

A significant number of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) do not respond to biological therapy. Therefore, we decided to investigate the specificity of this group of patients and, in particular, whether haptoglobin (Hp), its polymorphism and zonulin, in addition to other clinical features, are predictors of poor response to biological treatment.

Methods

48 patients with axSpA who were unsuccessfully treated with standard drugs were converted to biological treatment, and from this time on, a 12-week follow-up was started to assess the failure of biological treatment (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) decrease < 2 points). Predictors of treatment failure were identified using logistic regression analysis.

Results

21% of subjects had biological treatment failure. Patients who had a higher zonulin level, a history of frequent infections, were older, had inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), had a lower Hp level at the time of inclusion in biological therapy showed an increased risk of treatment failure.

Conclusions

The results of the study support the hypothesis that the effectiveness of biological treatment of axSpA is limited by changed microbiota and intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, as an increased risk of biological treatment failure was observed in patients who were older, had higher zonulin level, IBD and repeated courses of antibiotics due to frequent infections. Therefore, starting biological treatment should be followed by reducing intestinal permeability and regulating the disturbed gut microbiome.
Evaluation of the convection permitting regional climate model CNRM-AROME on the orographically complex island of Corsica
Authors: Cortés-Hernández Virginia Edith , Caillaud Cécile , Bellon Gilles , Brisson Erwan , Alias Antoinette , Lucas-Picher Philippe
Published: May 2024

Meteorological processes over islands with complex orography could be better simulated by Convection Permitting Regional Climate Models (CP-RCMs) thanks to an improved representation of the orography, land–sea contrasts, the combination of coastal and orographic effects, and explicit deep convection. This paper evaluates the ability of the CP-RCM CNRM-AROME (2.5-km horizontal resolution) to simulate relevant meteorological characteristics of the Mediterranean island of Corsica for the 2000–2018 period. These hindcast simulations are compared to their driving Regional Climate Model (RCM) CNRM-ALADIN (12.5-km horizontal resolution and parameterised convection), weather stations for precipitation and wind and gridded precipitation datasets. The main benefits are found in the representation of (i) precipitation extremes resulting mainly from mesoscale convective systems affected by steep mountains during autumn and (ii) the formation of convection through thermally induced diurnal circulations and their interaction with the orography during summer. Simulations of hourly precipitation extremes, the diurnal cycle of precipitation, the distribution of precipitation intensities, the duration of precipitation events, and sea breezes are all improved in the 2.5-km simulations with respect to the RCM, confirming an added value. However, existing differences between model simulations and observations are difficult to explain as the main biases are related to the availability and quality of observations, particularly at high elevations. Overall, better results from the 2.5-km resolution, increase our confidence in CP-RCMs to investigate future climate projections for Corsica and islands with complex terrain.
Clinical evaluation of a machine learning-based dysphagia risk prediction tool
Authors: Gugatschka Markus , Egger Nina Maria , Haspl K. , Hortobagyi David , Jauk Stefanie , Feiner Marlies , Kramer Diether
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The rise of digitization promotes the development of screening and decision support tools. We sought to validate the results from a machine learning based dysphagia risk prediction tool with clinical evaluation.

Methods

149 inpatients in the ENT department were evaluated in real time by the risk prediction tool, as well as clinically over a 3-week period. Patients were classified by both as patients at risk/no risk.

Results

The AUROC, reflecting the discrimination capability of the algorithm, was 0.97. The accuracy achieved 92.6% given an excellent specificity as well as sensitivity of 98% and 82.4% resp. Higher age, as well as male sex and the diagnosis of oropharyngeal malignancies were found more often in patients at risk of dysphagia.

Conclusion

The proposed dysphagia risk prediction tool proved to have an outstanding performance in discriminating risk from no risk patients in a prospective clinical setting. It is likely to be particularly useful in settings where there is a lower incidence of patients with dysphagia and less awareness among staff.
Rhinitis medicomentosa and substance addiction
Authors: Birinci Mehmet , Ozdemir Dogukan , Pusuroglu Meltem , Sevim Ömer , Yemiş Tuğba , Cihan Seda Nur , Yılmaz Esra , Çeliker Metin , Çelebi Erdivanlı Özlem
Published: May 2024

Background

Rhinitis medicomentosa (RM) is a form of non-allergic rhinitis caused by the use of nasal decongestants for longer than the recommended duration. Because of this problem of use, addiction to the drug occurs in individuals. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of RM patients to substance addiction.

Methods

The study was planned as a prospective, multicentric study between September 2022 and September 2023. Patients diagnosed with RM were included in the study. Beck depression scale, Drug use disorders identification test, Substance Abuse Proclivity Scale were applied to the patients participating in the study. The research data were analyzed electronically with SPSS program version 25.

Results

The study included 86 patients with an average age of 31 years. The average duration of medication use was 22 months. Age, gender, duration of nasal congestion, duration of drug use and smoking were not independent predictors for depression and substance use tendency.

Conclusion

The relationship between RM and addictive substances is not clear. The tendency to use drugs did not increase in RM patients. In the light of these data, we think that there is no need for a practice other than routine functioning in the use of drugs and similar substances that are likely to cause addiction in RM patients.