bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Efektifitas Kinerja Layanan Jalan Layang Non Tol Studi Kasus Tanah Abang - Kampung Melayu
Authors: Philip Fredy Jhon , Fassa Ferdinand
Published: August 2019

Tujuan dibangun jalan layang non tol (JLNT) Kampung Melayu-Tanah Abang sebagai upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan kemacetan lalu lintas terutama pada jalan eksisting di kawasan perkotaan yang memiliki lahan terbatas.JLNT ini diharapkan memberikan aksesibilitas bagi lalu lintas menerus (trough traffic) yang melintasi ruas jalan ini sehingga diharapkan akan mempersingkat waktu tempuh perjalanan dari Casablanca menuju Tanah Abang. Namun perlu dikaji bagaimana efektifitas pemanfaatan JLNT tersebut terhadap pemanfaatan serta perilaku lalu lintas setelah dibangunnya jalan laying non tol tersebut.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik distribusi pergerakan arus lalu lintas kendaraan yang menggunakan jalan layang non tol dan jalan non JLNT berdasarkan penempatan on/off ramp jalan layang non tol Tanah Abang â€“ Kampung Melayu, membandingkan perilaku arus lalu lintas dan mengetahui kinerja pelayanan operasional dari jalan layang non tol Tanah Abang â€“ Kampung Melayu. Analisis kinerja pelayanan jalan dengan menggunakan metode Highway Capacity Manual untuk jalan bebas hambatan.Dari hasil analisis, pengaruh pembangunan jalan layang non tol terhadap perilaku lalu lintas sebelum adanya jalan layang untuk arus kendaraan dari Fly over Tebet menuju Cideng menunjukkan bahwa waktu tempuh kendaraan yang melalui jalan arteri (tidak melalui JLNT) menjadi lebih lama daripada setelah dibangunnya JLNT. Namun untuk waktu tempuh apabila melalui JLNT menghasilkan waktu tempuh yang lebih singkat di sepanjang ruas JLNT namun menghasilkan waktu tunda yang lama saat arus menuju off ramp. Kinerja ruas JLNT Kampung Melayu â€“ Tanah Abang apabila ditinjau dari tingkat pelayanan (LOS) menunjukkan kategori A. Namun harus juga didukung oleh oleh kinerja ruas jalan eksisiting dimana terjadi penggabungan arus lalu lintas dari JLNT dan jalan non JLNT sehingga tidak menimbulkan kemacetan.Kata kunci : JLNT, kinerja pelayanan, lalu lintas menerus, kapasitas
Pemanfaatan Limbah Keramik (Tile) untuk Pengembangan Produk Elemen Mosaic pada Dinding (Studi Kasus pada Usaha Kecil Mozaik di Cimahi)
Authors: Maulana Deden
Published: August 2019

Mozaik, adalah perwujudan karya seni dimana bentuknya berupa susunan keping-keping dari bahan tertentu, seperti; seperti dari batu, kaca, plastik, kayu dan seterusnya yang mempunyai unsur warna serta dapat dibentuk sedemikian rupa menjadi sebuah karya visual.Model bentuk seni mozaik ini bukanlah hal yang baru, karya seni mozaik telah lama diketemukan sebagai elemen estetis yang banyak ditempatkan pada dinding ruang, seperti; pada bangunan tempat peribadatan, ruang pertemuan serta beberapa rumah yang kini banyak diketemukan pada bangunan heritage.Pada masa sekarang, pemodelan karya mozaik ini telah banyak diadopsi menjadi kebutuhan elemen estetik untuk penataan dekorasi interior pada perumahan, seperti ; penataan mozaik pada dinding rumah, resort, apartemen, hotel dan seterusnya. Penerepan mozaik juga dapat dilakukan di luar ruang atau eksterior guna melengkapi keindahan taman.Model pendekatan dari penelitian ini adalah bentuk eksperimen yaitu untuk mencari dan menciptakan menciptakan bentuk, serta konfigurasi susunan warna baru dari limbah potongan keramik yang tersedia dari hasil pabrikan. Tujuan dari penelitian eksperimen ini adalah memanfaatkan sisa potongan keramik dari hasil limbah menjadi bentuk yang lebih bermanfaat.Kata kunci: Art, Design, Etnic, Mosaic, Modular, Pixelite, Material, Production technical
Video Animasi Stop Motion Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Pada Kampanye Pengenalan Tertib Berlalu Lintas Bagi Remaja Pengendara Sepeda Motor
Authors: Purwanti Retno , R Natanael
Published: August 2019

Format video dengan gaya animasi stop motion sebagai media kampanye penyadaran tertib lalu lintas berkendara roda dua bagi remaja khususnya pelajar SMP menjadi pilihan karena media ini lebih populer dikalangan remaja dibandingkan bentuk kampanye berupa spanduk, poster maupun media cetak lainnya. Kelebihan media ini selain lebih menghibur dengan output audio visualnya juga dapat menonjolkan karakter tiap tokohnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam kampanye ini adalah observasi, kuesioner dan studi literatur.Kata Kunci : Video, Animasi, Stop Motion, Kampanye, Lalu Lintas
Evaluasi Keberlanjutan Jembatan Timbang Di Jawa Barat
Authors: Ruktiningsih Rudatin , Prakoso Hananto
Published: August 2019

Jembatan timbang atau UPPKB (Unit Pelaksana Penimbangan Kendaraan Bermotor) adalah prasarana transportasi darat yang berfungsi untuk mengukur berat kendaraan bermotor dan muatannya (Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan no. 134 tahun 2015). Instansi pengelola jembatan timbang adalah Kementerian Perhubungan. Fungsi jembatan timbang adalah untuk pengawasan, penindakan dan pencatatan arus angkutan barang yang melalui jalan raya dalam rangka peningkatan keselamatan lalu lintas jalan raya. Permasalahan yang terjadi adalah jembatan timbang yang ada di Indonesia selama ini kurang efektif dalam melakukan fungsinya, hal ini terbukti masih banyak jalan yang rusak yang kemungkinan disebabkan salah satunya adalah muatan berlebih. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi eksisting jembatan timbang yang ada di Jawa Barat, menganalisis fungsinya berdasarkan lokasi dan menyusun rekomendasi untuk keberlanjutan jembatan timbang tersebut. Metode yang dipergunakan untuk menganalisis adalah pemodelan transportasi yang berbasis four step models yaitu trip generation, trip distribution, modal split, serta trip assignment dan dibantu dengan software tranplan sehingga diperoleh kriteria evaluasi masingâ€“masing jembatan timbang atau UPPKB. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa dari 8 jembatan timbang yang ada di Jawa Barat harus dipertahankan untuk tetap dioperasikan.Kata Kunci : Jembatan Timbang, Angkutan Barang, Keselamatan Lalu Lintas Jalan Raya
Stress and Environmental Health of Women in different Neighbourhoods of Lagos Metropolis
Authors: Nwokoro I. I. C. , Olayinka D. N. , Okolie C. J.
Published: August 2019

It has been established that women spend more time in the neighbourhood environment, and therefore, are more vulnerable to the observable poor conditions. The focus of this study is on neighbourhood environmental stressors that affect womens’ health in Lagos metropolis. The factors considered include access to clean water, adequate sanitation, drainage conditions, ventilation and hygiene, type of energy for cooking and nutrition. These factors are exacerbated by poverty and differ across different neighbourhoods in Lagos metropolis. 1150 respondents (high – 50; medium – 328; and low - 772) consisting of randomly selected women, aged 18 years and above were selected from all the 17 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in metropolitan Lagos to achieve 100% representation. Focus Group Discussions were held with women from selected different neighbourhoods. A 5-point likert scale was used as a measure of self-reported stress and self-reported health, with higher numbers indicating a greater self-reported stress. From the different survey methods used, results show that women in the low income neighbourhoods are more vulnerable to environmental stressors, and so their health is mostly affected negatively. Women in the other income groups also experience some form of stress but at lower severity levels. Environmental stressors and severity of chronic illness are linked to stress. An improvement in the environmental conditions will reduce the amount of stress experienced by women of different income neighbourhoods.
An Investigation of Barriers to Females’ Involvement in the Nigeria Construction Industry
Authors: Akinsiku O. E. , Ajala N. O.
Published: August 2019

The continuous domination of the Nigeria construction industry by men remains an issue of concern to construction stakeholders as females in the Nigerian construction industry continue to be largely underrepresented. The objective of this study was to investigate the barriers to females' involvement in the Nigerian construction industry with a view to suggesting strategies that will assist to bridge this barrier. The survey reviewed literature on the level of female participation, the perceptions about women, the opportunities available to females and strategies of increasing the number of female participation in the industry. The instrument for data collection was obtained by the use of a survey questionnaire as well as the reviews of extant literature. The sampling method employed is stratified random sampling. The questionnaires were administered to built environment practitioners in consulting and contracting establishment in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria. The findings revealed that the barriers which influence female under-representation in the Nigerian construction industry include; the male-dominated structure of the construction industry, family commitments such as marriage and childbirth, masculine nature of the job, long working hours. The strategies recommended to bridge this barrier include the formulation of employment policies which prevent sexism, educating young women about the industry, providing better working conditions and flexible working policies for women, provision of incentives in order to attract more women into the Nigerian construction industry.
Geostatistical Modelling and Mapping of the Concentration of Gaseous Pollutants
Authors: Okpoko J. S. , Audu H. A. P.
Published: August 2019

In this study, the prediction of the concentration of gaseous pollutants around Ughelli West gas flow station in Delta State of Nigeria was carried out using Geostatistical technique in GIS environment. Since air pollutants negatively affect quality of air, lives and the environment, there is therefore the need to frequently monitor air quality, have thorough understanding of the pollutants’ concentration and their spatial distribution in an environment. The gaseous pollutants data of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), methane (CH4), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3), were obtained using Multi-parameter gas monitor while that of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was obtained with SPM meter for a period of three months. Thermo Anemometer was used to obtain the values of wind speed, ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity. Artificial Neural Network designer software (Pythia) was used to validate the acquired field data; predict the concentration of the gaseous pollutants at selected distances from the flow station. The geospatial coordinates of the flow station were obtained using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers; the geospatial modelling and analysis were performed with ArcGIS software and ordinary kriging method of Geostatistical techniques. The results of the maximum concentration for the gaseous pollutants in the study area were 28.17 µg/m3, 19.44 µg/m3, 0.37 µg/m3, 49.81 µg/m3, 0.061 µg/m3 and 0.047µg/m3 for VOCs, CH4, NO2, PM2.5, O3 and SO2 respectively. The root mean square error for the concentration of the gaseous pollutants, ozone and sulphur (IV) oxide in the study area were 0.01618 and 0.008417 indicating a good interpolation model, while their root mean square standard errors, which show the reliability of the predicted values, were 0.70513551 and 0.8459251 respectively. These results conform with the report of other researchers that a better kriging method yields a smaller root mean square and a standard root mean square closer to one. The developed prediction maps for the gaseous pollutants in this study revealed that the study area will experience lower concentration of gaseous pollutants at a distance of 400 m and above.
An Evaluation of the Trends in Land Values around Institutions of Higher Learning in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Nwokenkwo B. C. , Ike F. , Eze M. U.
Published: August 2019

The need to study trends in land values around institutions of higher learning cannot be overemphasized. Numerous studies in Nigeria have investigated the economic and social influence of the siting of institutions of higher learning at the micro, meso and macro levels. However, very few studies have evaluated the extent at which such institution influences local land values. Institutions, to a large extent, exert an element of control on the physical and environmental aspects of their immediate vicinity. Therefore, attention must be in place to evaluate the influence of such control on land values. This study examined the trend in land values using the Mann-Kendall analysis in order to determine monotonic increase, decrease or stability in the land values across six institutions of higher learning for the period between 2004 and 2014. Specifically, the results of this study revealed that land values have either been increasing or remained stable in all institutions. The study finally recommends measures that can be put in place as counter measures for land values across institutions of higher learning.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Group Investigation
Authors: Pertiwi Dian Esti , Samsuri Taufik , Muliadi Agus
Published: August 2019

[Title: Improving Student Cognitive Learning Outcomes using Cooperative Learning Model Type Group Investigation]. The purpose of this study was to improve student cognitive learning outcomes using the Cooperative Learning Model Type Group Investigation in class X MIA 2 students of SMAS NW Mataram in the 2018/2019 academic year. The subjects of this study were 15 students of class X MIA 2. This research is a classroom action research (CAR) consisting of two cycles. Observation sheet of learning implementation is used for each meeting to find out the implementation of learning steps according to the learning implementation plan observed by 2 observers. Test instruments of 20 multiple choice questions and 5 description questions were used in this study to find out the improvement of students' cognitive learning outcomes in each cycle. The results showed the implementation of learning in the cycle I (1) the first meeting reached 63.63% with a good category and the second meeting reached 88.8% with a very good category, (2) the cognitive learning outcomes of students in cycle 1 obtained an average value 59 with the classical completeness value achieved 46% of the incomplete category, while in cycle II (3) the first meeting of the implementation of learning reached 72.72% with a good category (4) the second meeting reached 94.44% with a very good category, and for results cognitive learning students obtained an average value of 72 with a classical completeness value achieved 76%. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the Cooperative Learning Model Type Group Investigation can improve cognitive learning outcomes of class X MIA 2 students of SMAS NW Mataram in the 2018/2019 academic year.
Biocatalytic oligomerization-induced self-assembly of crystalline cellulose oligomers into nanoribbon networks assisted by organic solvents
Authors: Hata Yuuki , Fukaya Yuka , Sawada Toshiki , Nishiura Masahito , Serizawa Takeshi
Published: August 2019

Crystalline poly- and oligosaccharides such as cellulose can form extremely robust assemblies, whereas the construction of self-assembled materials from such molecules is generally difficult due to their complicated chemical synthesis and low solubility in solvents. Enzyme-catalyzed oligomerization-induced self-assembly has been shown to be promising for creating nanoarchitectured crystalline oligosaccharide materials. However, the controlled self-assembly into organized hierarchical structures based on a simple method is still challenging. Herein, we demonstrate that the use of organic solvents as small-molecule additives allows for control of the oligomerization-induced self-assembly of cellulose oligomers into hierarchical nanoribbon network structures. In this study, we dealt with the cellodextrin phosphorylase-catalyzed oligomerization of phosphorylated glucose monomers from ᴅ-glucose primers, which produce precipitates of nanosheet-shaped crystals in aqueous solution. The addition of appropriate organic solvents to the oligomerization system was found to result in well-grown nanoribbon networks. The organic solvents appeared to prevent irregular aggregation and subsequent precipitation of the nanosheets via solvation for further growth into the well-grown higher-order structures. This finding indicates that small-molecule additives provide control over the self-assembly of crystalline oligosaccharides for the creation of hierarchically structured materials with high robustness in a simple manner.
Synthesis of benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]benzoselenoazoles: Cs2CO3-mediated cyclization of 1-(2-bromoaryl)benzimidazoles with selenium
Authors: Matsumura Mio , Kitamura Yuki , Yamauchi Arisa , Kanazawa Yoshitaka , Murata Yuki , Hyodo Tadashi , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Yasuike Shuji
Published: August 2019

The synthesis of benzimidazo[2,1-b]benzoselenoazoles is described. The novel ring-closure reaction of 1-(2-bromoaryl)benzimidazoles with Se powder is promoted by Cs2CO3 (2 equiv) in DMF at 150 °C. Moreover, the obtained tetracyclic heterocycles are all novel compounds. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of the parent benzimidazo[2,1-b]benzoselenoazole revealed that the tetracyclic ring is almost planar. Absorption spectroscopy data of the benzimidazo[2,1-b]benzoselenoazoles showed the λmax was dependent on the number of rings.
Characterization and Impact of Silver nanoparticles on cell growth, lipid, carbohydrate and fatty acids of Chlorella vulgaris and Dictyochloropsis splendida
Authors: Shanab Sanaa Mahmoud Metwally , Partila Abir M , Ali Hamdy Elsayed Ahmed , Abdullah Mohd A
Published: August 2019

Background: Many efforts have been made to increase the productivity of microalgae for biodiesel productions. The use of silver nanoparticles is the novel way to elicit stress responses with enhanced lipid level.

Results: In this study, the biosynthesis of extracellular silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was reported and their impacts as elicitors on the cell growth and metabolite contents of Chlorella vulgaris and Dictyochloropsis splendida were evaluated. The production of AgNPs was achieved by the reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution, after incubation at 35°C overnight with Pseudomonas aeruginosa supernatant, and exposed to gamma irradiation at 100 Gy for 1.5 mins.

The biosynthesis was confirmed by the maximum absorption peak at 455 nm with the UV–Vis Spectrophotometer. The Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) recorded the spherical nanoparticles size of 10 nm, while the Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) recorded the size range of 6.7 to 12.1 nm (84.2%) and the particles were monodispersed. The Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopic analysis of the bacterial filtrate before reaction with AgNO3 suggested the presence of ethylene glycol derivatives which may act as a reducing agent of silver ions to silver nanoparticles. Lower AgNPs concentrations (1, 3 and 5 mg/L) enhanced the lipid production but at the expense of cell growth. All AgNPs concentrations however displayed a negative impact on carbohydrates content. The lipid profile of the AgNPs-treated algae showed the appearance or disappearance, and increase or decrease of certain fatty acids, as compared to the untreated control. The Saturated Fatty Acids represented the highest composition (61-67%) of the total fatty acids and Palmitic acids (16:0) were dominant (43.06-46.57%).

Conclusion: Lipids of this composition could withstand autoxidation during storage and are perfect feedstock for biodiesel and other lipid based applications.
Dietary diversities score and anthropometric characteristics in Iranian elementary school children
Authors: Jafari Mohsen , Izadi Anahita , Dehghan Paniz , Mojtahedi Sayed Yousef
Published: August 2019

Dietary diversity scoring is a good method to assess quality of individual's diet. The study aimed to investigate the association between dietary diversity and body mass index among elementary school students in the south of Tehran, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on elementary school students, age range of 7-12 years old, in 2015. Data were collected using a personal information questionnaire and three 24-h recall questionnaires. Dietary diversity score was calculated from the number of food groups in these questionnaires. A total of 536 students, 258 (48.1%) female and 278 (51.9%) male, were recruited in the study. The mean age of the students was 9.43 ± 1.73 years. Seafood consumption was more frequent and beans was lower frequent in students at higher BMI (≥95th percentile) than the other children (34% vs 25% and 71% vs 83%, respectively, p<0.05). However, the statistical analysis failed to find significant relationships between children’s body mass index (BMI) with consumption of diary, vegetable, fruits, protein, fat, and junk food intake. The association between children's BMI with seafood and beans consumption confirmed in multivariate analysis (OR= 1.50 and 0.52, respectively, p<0.05). The study finding showed that seafood and beans consumption may influence on elementary student BMI.
Child killings in the Western Cape
Authors: Jones Chris
Published: August 2019

In the light of requests from certain civil organisations in the Western Cape (WC) (South Africa) to the provincial government to establish a judicial commission of inquiry into child killings in this province because of the high incidence of killings, a research committee from three WC universities was put together to review existing research into this matter to determine a way forward. This committee looked at primary drivers of child murders in the WC, gaps in existing government services, the potential value of instigating a commission of inquiry or some other mechanism, and recommending a way forward. A summary of its findings was presented to, among others, the provincial cabinet that adopted all its recommendations. Reflection on these final findings and recommendations forms the first part of the article. The second part focuses in more detail on the research data presented (and provided) by experts and practitioners who informed the research committee. Important aspects discussed here are child death reviews, age- and sex-specific rates of child homicides, sexual killings of children, the possible influence of unfortunate, traumatic childhood experiences in becoming a violent adult, physical violence against children (and women), children’s perception of their safety and risk factors for children specifically in the WC. The purpose of this article is to provide well-researched information to role-players and decision-makers regarding the lives of children to address the violence and its causes that so many children (and women) are exposed to. Although the focus is on the dire situation in the WC, the broader South African and international contexts will also be brought into play in the second part of the article in a way that will (hopefully) be helpful with regard to the crises and challenges the WC is struggling with in this respect.
Presidential address
Authors: Levy K. M.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available
Relationship between the mother’s characteristics and her performance of treatment programmes for her handicapped infant
Authors: Kolobe T. H.A.
Published: August 2019

Maternal characteristics of 25 mothers measured by questionnaire scales and their performance of their infants’ physiotherapy treatment activities were correlated to determine the nature of this relationship. The results showed that mothers with positive attitudes, internal locus of control and middle socioeconomic status tend to perform their infants’ treatment activities better than do mothers with negative attitudes, external locus of control and low socioeconomic status.The results also add support to the idea that if professionals involved in early intervention programmes are to help the child in a meaningful and effective way, they should be aware not only of the child’s developmental status, but also of the mother's mental or emotional status and be prepared to provide help in the lacking areas.The findings also indicate that the effectiveness of early intervention programmes will not only depend on the type of therapeutic techniques utilized but on the mother. The mother’s attitude was the main contributor to how well she performed her infant’s treatment activities.
Heat stress in young adults
Authors: Smit R. Van Zyl
Published: August 2019

The physiology of heat regulation is briefly discussed. Heat exhaustion and heat stroke are described and finally heat stroke as a medical emergency is dealt with.
The effects of menisectomy: A follow-up study of the effects of menisectomy on lower limb muscle strength, and on knee joint function
Authors: Enslin Joanne
Published: August 2019

The object of this study was to determine the long term results of uncomplicated menisectomies in 16 patients who were at least 8 months post-operative. The average age of the patients was 25 years and all had right dominant legs. Seven of the subjects had undergone right knee surgery, and the remaining eight left knee surgery.Questionnaires were answered to determine the patients’ current symptoms and functional ability. Fifteen patients attended a physical examination to assess quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength. The findings were compared to a control group of subjects who had not undergone knee surgery. This study shows that:(i) Sixty percent of the patients had some symptoms such as stiffness, swelling, pain or discomfort, locking, weakness and instability. Seventy-five percent of the patients had some functional limitations during for example squatting, kneeling, climbing stairs, walking on rough ground etc, and half of these surgical patients had some pain and discomfort, as well as difficulty in squatting and kneeling.(ii) Eight months after surgery, the patients had still not regained full muscle strength despite having undergone normal rehabilitation procedures. Isokinetic muscle testing showed a decrease in quadriceps muscle strength in the right-operated leg, the left-operated leg and the right unoperated leg. There was also an increase in right hamstring muscle strength in the right-operated leg.These findings suggest that even uncomplicated menisectomy is not a trivial procedure and that current practices in muscle rehabilitation following menisectomy are not adequate. There should be routine procedures whereby all patients can receive appropriate and adequate muscle rehabilitation after knee surgery.
Non-commutative Geometry, Index Theory and Mathematical Physics
Authors: Connes Alain , Nest Ryszard , Schick Thomas , Yu Guoliang
Published: August 2019

Noncommutative geometry today is a new but mature branch of mathematics shedding light on many other areas from number theory to operator algebras. In the 2018 meeting two of these connections were high-lighted. For once, the applications to mathematical physics, in particular quantum field theory. Indeed, it was quantum theory which told us first that the world on small scales inherently is noncommutative. The second connection was to index theory with its applications in differential geometry. Here, non-commutative geometry provides the fine tools ot obtain higher information.
Explicit Methods in Number Theory
Authors: Belabas Karim , Poonen Bjorn , Rodriguez Villegas Fernando
Published: August 2019

The aim of the series of Oberwolfach meetings on ‘Explicit methods in number theory’ is to bring together people attacking key problems in number theory via techniques involving concrete or computable descriptions. Here, number theory is interpreted broadly, including algebraic and analytic number theory, Galois theory and inverse Galois problems, arithmetic of curves and higher-dimensional varieties, zeta and

L

-functions and their special values, modular forms and functions.

The meeting provides a forum for presenting new methods and results on concrete aspects of number theory. Considerable attention is paid to computational issues, but the emphasis is on aspects that are of interest to the pure mathematician. In this respect the meetings differ from virtually all other computationally oriented meetings in number theory (most notably the ANTS series), which have a tendency to place actual implementations, numerical results, and cryptographic implications in the foreground.

The 2018 meeting featured a mini-course on nonabelian Chabauty theory, so several of the talks were on this topic; the other talks covered a broad range of topics in number theory.
Calculus of Variations
Authors: Figalli Alessio , Kohn Robert V. , Toro Tatiana , Wickramasekera Neshan
Published: August 2019

The Calculus of Variations is at once a classical subject, and a very modern one. Its scope encompasses a broad range of topics in geometric analysis, and deep questions about PDE. New frontiers are constantly emerging, where problems from mechanics, physics, and other applications introduce new challenges. The 2018 Calculus of Variations workshop reflected this breadth and diversity.
Слабо монотонные множества и непрерывная выборка в несимметричных пространствах
Authors: Tsar'kov Igor' Germanovich
Published: August 2019

Изучаются множества с непрерывной выборкой из почти наилучших приближений, обсуждаются приложения геометрической теории приближения к вопросам выборок для множества $n$-звенных ломаных, а также к выборкам для $n$-звенных кусочно полиномиальных функций и их обобщений.
Библиография: 23 названия.
Алгебры свободных голоморфных функций и локализации
Authors: Syrtseva Ksenia Alexandrovna
Published: August 2019

Рассматриваются алгебры голоморфных функций на свободном полидиске $\mathscr{F}^T(\mathbb{D}_R^n)$, $\mathscr{F}(\mathbb{D}_R^n)$ и алгебра голоморфных функций на свободном шаре $\mathscr{F}(\mathbb{B}_r^n)$. Показано, что алгебра $\mathscr{F}(\mathbb{D}_R^n)$ является локализацией свободной алгебры и, более того, свободной аналитической алгеброй с $n$ образующими
(в смысле Дж. Л. Тейлора), а алгебра $\mathscr{F}(\mathbb{B}_r^n)$ не является локализацией свободной алгебры. Кроме того, доказано, что класс локализаций свободных алгебр и класс свободных аналитических алгебр замкнуты относительно операции свободного произведения Аренса-Майкла.
Библиография: 21 название.
Patterns, noise, and Beliefs
Authors: Brons Lajos Ludovic
Published: August 2019

In “Real Patterns” Daniel Dennett developed an argument about the reality of beliefs on the basis of an analogy with patterns and noise. Here I develop Dennett’s analogy into an argument for descriptivism, the view that belief reports do no specify belief contents but merely describe what someone believes, and show that this view is also supported by empirical evidence. No description can do justice to the richness and specificity or “noisiness” of what someone believes, and the same belief can be described by different sentences or propositions (which is illustrated by Dennett’s analogy, some Gettier cases, and Frege’s puzzle), but in some contexts some of these competing descriptions are misleading or even false. Faithful (or truthful) description must be guided by a principle (or principles) related to the principle of charity: belief descriptions should not attribute irrationality to the believer or have other kinds of “deviant” implications.
Links Between Mythology and Philosophy: Homer’s Iliad and Current Criteria of Rationality
Authors: López Astorga Miguel
Published: August 2019

It is usually said that there is a clear difference between pre-philosophical texts such as Homer’s Iliad and what is provided in the fragments corresponding to first philosophers such as Thales of Miletus. This paper tries to show that this is not undoubtedly so, and it does that by means of the analysis of a fragment of the Iliad in which Hypnos is speaking. In this way, the main argument is that, while the fragment can be interpreted both in a literal and in a metaphorical or poetic sense, in both of those cases it can be thought that it is related to philosophy or rational thinking. If the interpretation is literal, the fragment expresses an idea very akin to an important thesis by Thales of Miletus. On the other hand, if the interpretation is metaphorical or poetic, we have to assume, following several contemporary reasoning theories, that the fragment is essentially based on an evident rational inference.
Legacies and memories of violence in Becos da memória
Authors: Lehnen Leila
Published: August 2019

Este ensaio reflete sobre como o conceito de “violência lenta” (slow violence) (Nixon, 2011) estrutura a narrativa do romance Becos da memória (2006), de Conceição Evaristo. Nixon define a “violência lenta” como um processo diacrônico de marginalização que afeta principalmente grupos nas margens econômicas e minorias raciais. A violência lenta é também, segundo Nixon, muitas vezes menos visível. Ela se manifesta em diferentes esferas, incluindo a depredação e a marginalização ambiental. É a faceta ambiental que distingue a violência lenta da violência estrutural, ainda que ambas expressões intersectem.  O texto de Evaristo revela não somente quais são as consequência da violência estrutural (Galtung, 1969), mas também como este tipo de violência influencia a experiência espacial e, pelo tanto, a vivência cotidiana, de populações pobres e racializadas. Nesse sentido, o romance de Evaristo aborda os efeitos da violência lenta sobre comunidades marginalizadas. Dessa forma, Becos da memória traz à tona, a confluência entre meio ambiente e a experiência de vida de população social e espacialmente marginalizadas.
“Havia um segredo que só Halima sabia”: confluências entre literatura afro-brasileira e mitologia dos Orixás
Authors: Salles Bento Oluwa Seyi , Inácio Emerson Da Cruz
Published: August 2019

Considerando a importância das muitas contribuições do capital cultural africano e afro-brasileiro à nação brasileira, dentre as quais se destacam as religiosas e artísticas, analisaremos a construção de personagens associáveis ao orixá Oxum no conto Fios de ouro, de Conceição Evaristo, parte integrante da obra Histórias de leves enganos e parecenças. Buscamos, neste trabalho, dar ênfase à referência mitológica, a qual não parece ser perdida de vista ao longo do processo de composição do enredo e de subjetivação das personagens na obra evaristiana. Desta forma, nosso propósito é notabilizar a confluência entre produção literária afro-brasileira e o emprego das narrativas e experiências mítico-religiosas e ancestrais africanas e afro-brasileiras, sendo que são parte de um mesmo território epistemológico: a cultura negra no Brasil. Assim, analisaremos a referida obra à luz de trechos dos ìtàn — textos mitológicos compilados sobre os Orixás —, a fim de identificar possíveis fontes, apontar similaridades e propor caminhos interpretativos.
Histopathology and elastography discordance in evaluation of breast lesions with acoustic radiation force impulse elastography
Authors: Toprak Nurşen , Yokus Adem , Gündüz Mahir , Akdenız Huseyın
Published: August 2019

Purpose

It is known that, besides its benefits, ultrasound (US) elastography may show discordance findings, leading to biopsy, so this technique has some limitations. The purpose of the present study was to compare histopathological results and shear wave velocity (SWV) values in patients, to reveal discordance findings, and to investigate its statistical significance in making the decision for biopsy with SWV values.

Material and methods

A total of 190 patients presenting with breast lesions were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 39.87 ± 13.56 years. All morphological features of lesions were evaluated by B-mode US. The mean SWV values were measured using the region of interest (ROI) through all lesions with ARFI elastography. An ultrasound-guided Tru-Cut needle biopsy was performed, and histopathologic data were obtained.

Results

The SWV values of false positive benign lesions, such as: granulomatous mastitis, sclerosing adenosis, chronic inflammation, fat necrosis, fibrotic breast tissue, and scar tissue, were as high as the SWV values of malignant lesions. Sensitivity was found as 91.6% and specificity as 40.9% for SWV values in ARFI US.

Conclusions

Our results showed that breast lesions showed false positivity (59.1%) and false negativity (8.3%) in ARFI US. Elastography is useful and sensitive in the evaluation of breast lesions, but some benign lesions may mimic malignant lesions; thus, this information should not be underestimated in biopsy decision-making for elastography users.
Diagnostic triad of pulmonary anthracofibrosis in spiral CT scan – a retrospective study
Authors: Kahkouee Shahram , Khabbaz Shaghayegh S. , Keshavarz Elham , Kiani Arda , Hajinasrollah Ghazal , Anvar Amine Ghaffari
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Anthracosis, a form of pneumoconiosis commonly caused by air pollution and other environmental factors, is a new entity in respiratory disorders. Bronchoscopy and transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) are the gold standard of diagnosis. Herein, we evaluated the results of bronchoscopy and chest computed tomography (CT) scans of 187 anthracotic patients.

Material and methods

Between April 2016 and April 2017, 187 cases (99 males, mean age 65 ± 10.2 years) who underwent flexible bronchoscopy and TBLB for various indications were considered for this study. CT examinations of these patients were reported as “blind to bronchoscopy results” by two experienced board-certified radiologists.

Results

According to the results of bronchoscopy and TBLB, 100 patients were diagnosed as anthracotic. CT scans confirmed 71 of these cases as anthracosis. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of hyperdense non-calcified mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes, known as “brilliant lymph nodes”, compared to bronchoscopy were 55%, 92%, 89%, 64%, and 72%, respectively (CI: 95%). Also, there was a positive correlation between anthracosis and brilliant lymph nodes (p-value = 0). Analysis of hyper-attenuated lung with bronchoscopy estimated sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy gave 41%, 94%, 89%, 58%, and 65%, respectively (CI: 95%). The specificity of brilliant lymph nodes, hyper-attenuated lung, and multi-segmental atelectasis as a diagnostic “triad of anthracosis” was 100%.

Conclusions

Based on our analyses, the triad of brilliant lymph nodes, hyper-attenuated lung, and multi-segmental atelectasis was identified as a reliable set of imaging findings for the diagnosis of anthracosis.
Photochemical production of ozone and emissions of NOx and CH4 in the San Joaquin Valley
Authors: Trousdell Justin F. , Caputi Dani , Smoot Jeanelle , Conley Stephen A. , Faloona Ian C.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Midday summertime flight data collected in the
atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) of California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV)
are used to investigate the scalar budgets of NOx, O3, and
CH4, in order to quantify the individual processes that control near-surface concentrations, yet are difficult to constrain from surface
measurements alone: these include, most importantly, horizontal advection and
entrainment mixing from above. The setting is a large mountain–valley system
with a small aspect ratio, where topography and persistent temperature
inversions impose strong restraints on ABL ventilation. In conjunction with
the observed time rates of change this airborne budgeting technique enables
us to deduce net photochemical ozone production rates and emission fluxes of
NOx and CH4. Estimated NOx emissions from our principal
flight domain averaged 216 (±33) t d−1 over six flights
in July and August, which is nearly double the California government's
NOx inventory for the surrounding three-county region. We consider
several possibilities for this discrepancy, including the influence of
wildfires, the temporal bias of the airborne sampling, instrumental
interferences, and the recent hypothesis presented by Almaraz et al. (2018)
of localized high soil NO emissions from intensive agricultural application
of nitrogen fertilizers in the region and find the latter to be the most
likely explanation. The methane emission average was 438 Gg yr−1
(±143), which also exceeds the emissions inventory for the region by almost
a factor of 2. Measured ABL ozone during the six afternoon flights
averaged 74 ppb (σ=9.8 ppb). The average midafternoon ozone rise
of 2.8 ppb h−1 was found to be comprised of −0.8 ppb h−1 due to
horizontal advection of lower O3 levels upwind, −2.5 ppb h−1 from
dry deposition loss, −0.5 ppb h−1 from dilution by entrainment mixing,
and 6.9 ppb h−1 net in situ photochemical production. The O3
production rates exhibited a dependence on NO2 concentrations (r2=0.35) and no discernible dependence on methane concentrations (r2∼0.02), which are correlated with many of the dominant volatile organic compounds
in the region, suggesting that the ozone chemistry was predominantly
NOx-limited on the flight days. Additionally, in order to determine the
heterogeneity of the different scalars, autocorrelation lengths were
calculated for potential temperature (18 km), water vapor (18 km), ozone
(30 km), methane (27 km), and NOx (28 km). The spatially diffuse
patterns of CH4 and NOx seem to imply a preponderance of broad
areal sources rather than localized emissions from cities and/or highway
traffic within the SJV.
Modeling Trans-Pacific Transport and Stratospheric Intrusion of
Tropospheric Ozone using Hemispheric CMAQ during April 2010:
Part 2. Examination of Emission Impacts based on the Higher-order
Decoupled Direct Method
Authors: Itahashi Syuichi , Mathur Rohit , Hogrefe Christian , Napelenok Sergey L. , Zhang Yang
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The state-of-the-science Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System which has recently been extended for hemispheric-scale modeling applications (referred to as H-CMAQ), is applied to study the trans-Pacific transport, a phenomenon recognized as a potential source of air pollution in the U.S.A., during April 2010. The results of this analysis are presented in two parts. In the previous part 1 paper, model evaluation for tropospheric ozone (O3) was presented and an air mass characterization method was developed. Results from applying this newly established method pointed to the importance of emissions as the factor to enhance surface O3 mixing ratio over the U.S.A. In this subsequent part 2 paper, emission impacts are examined based on mathematically rigorous sensitivity analysis using the higher-order decoupled direct method (HDDM) implemented in H-CMAQ. The HDDM sensitivity coefficients indicate the presence of a NOx-sensitive regime during April 2010 over most of the northern hemisphere. By defining emission source regions over the U.S.A. and East Asia, impacts from these emission sources are examined. At the surface during April 2010, the emission impacts of the U.S.A. and East Asia are comparable over the western U.S.A. with a magnitude of about 3 ppbv impacts on a monthly mean of all hours basis whereas the impact of domestic emissions dominates over the eastern U.S.A. with a magnitude of about 10 ppbv impacts on a monthly mean basis. The positive correlation (r = 0.63) between surface O3 mixing ratios and domestic emission impacts is confirmed. In contrast, the relationship between surface O3 mixing ratios and emission impacts from East Asia exhibits a flat slope when considering the entire U.S.A. However, this relationship has strong regional differences between the western and eastern U.S.A.; the western region exhibits a positive correlation (r = 0.36–0.38) whereas the latter exhibits a flat slope (r
Air Quality and Climate Change, Topic 3 of the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia Phase III (MICS-Asia III), Part II: aerosol radiative effects and aerosol feedbacks
Authors: Gao Meng , Han Zhiwei , Tao Zhining , Li Jiawei , Kang Jeong-Eon , Huang Kan , Dong Xinyi , Zhuang Bingliang , Li Shu , Ge Baozhu , Wu Qizhong , Lee Hyo-Jung , Kim Cheol-Hee , Fu Joshua S. , Wang Tijian , Chin Mian , Li Meng , Woo Jung-Hun , Zhang Qiang , Cheng Yafang , Wang Zifa , Carmichael Gregory R.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Topic 3 of the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) Phase III examines how online coupled air quality models perform in simulating high aerosol pollution in the North China Plain region during wintertime haze events and evaluates the importance of aerosol radiative and microphysical feedbacks. This paper discusses the estimates of aerosol radiative forcing, aerosol feedbacks, and possible causes for the differences among the models. Over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, the ensemble mean of aerosol direct radiative forcing (ADRF) at the top of atmosphere, inside the atmosphere and at the surface are −1.9, 8.4 and −10.3 W/m2, respectively. Subdivisions of direct and indirect aerosol radiative forcing confirm the dominant roles of direct forcing. During severe haze days (January 17–19, 2010), the averaged reduction in near surface temperature for the BTH region can reach 0.3–3.0 ºC. The responses of wind speeds at 10 m (WS10) inferred from different models show consistent declines in eastern China. For the BTH region, aerosol-radiation feedback induced changes in PM2.5 range from 6.0 to 8.8 µg/m3 (
Establishment and preliminary application of forward modeling method for Doppler spectral density of ice particles
Authors: Ding Han , Liu Liping
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Owing to the various shapes of ice particles, the relationships between fall velocity, backscattering cross-section, mass, and particle size are complicated, which affects the application of cloud radar Doppler spectral density data to retrieve the microphysical properties of ice crystals. In this paper, under the assumption of six particle shape types, the relationships between particle mass, fall velocity, backscattering cross-section, and particle size were established based on existing research. Variations of Doppler spectral density with the same particle size distribution (PSD) of different ice particle types are discussed, and the radar-retrieved liquid and ice PSDs, water content, and mean volume-weighted particle diameter are compared with airborne in situ observations in Xingtai, Hebei Province, China, in 2018. The results showed the following: (1) for particles with the same equivalent diameter (De), the fall velocity of aggregates is the largest, followed by hexagonal columns, hexagonal plates, sector plates, and stellar crystals, with ice spheres falling two to three times faster than ice crystals with the same De. Hexagonal columns have the largest backscattering cross-section, followed by stellar crystals and sector plates, and the backscattering cross-sections of hexagonal plates and two kinds of aggregates are very close to those of ice spheres. (2) The width of the simulated radar Doppler spectral density generated by various ice crystal types with the same PSD is mainly affected by particle fall velocity and increased fall velocity rates with increased particle size, as do PSDs retrieved from the same Doppler spectral density data. (3) PSD comparisons showed that each ice crystal type retrieved from the cloud radar corresponded well to aircraft observations within a certain scale range when assuming that only a certain type of ice crystals existed in the cloud, which can fully prove the feasibility of retrieving ice PSDs from reflectivity spectral density.