bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Ni(II)‐Catalyzed C(sp2)—H Alkynylation/Annulation with Terminal Alkynes under an Oxygen Atmosphere: A One‐Pot Approach to 3‐Methyleneisoindolin‐1‐one.
Authors: Zheng Xin‐Xiang , Du Cong , Zhao Xue‐Mei , Zhu Xinju , Suo Jian‐Feng , Hao Xin‐Qi , Niu Jun‐Long , Song Mao‐Ping
Published: September 2016

A broad spectrum of amide substituents bearing the removable bidentate directing group ‐Pyo is treated with terminal aromatic acetylenes and the aliphatic analogue (XVIa) to produce the desired ring system, required as framework for the synthesis of alkaloids and bioactive compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: New Chiral Reagent for Installation of Pharmacophoric (S)‐ or (R)‐2‐(Alkoxyphosphono)‐1‐amino‐2,2‐difluoroethyl Groups.
Authors: Xie Chen , Zhang Lijun , Mei Haibo , Pajkert Romana , Ponomarenko Maksym , Pan Yi , Roeschenthaler Gerd‐Volker , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Han Jianlin
Published: September 2016

The title reagent (II) (<95% purity) is used without further purification due to its decomposition during distillation.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Methyl Transfer Induced Copper‐Mediated Oxidative Diamination of Alkynes.
Authors: Ho Hon Eong , Oniwa Kazuaki , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Jin Tienan
Published: September 2016

This novel intramolecular oxidative diamination of bis(2‐aminophenyl)acetylene results in formation of the π‐conjugated polyheterocyclic scaffold of 5,10‐dihydroindolo[3,2‐b]indoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5‐a]benzazoles Enabled by the Transition‐Metal‐Free Oxidative N—N Bond Formation.
Authors: Shang Erchang , Zhang Junzhi , Bai Jinyi , Wang Zhan , Li Xiang , Zhu Bing , Lei Xiaoguang
Published: September 2016

A transition‐metal‐free NCS mediated oxidative N—N bond formation is developed for the efficient syntheses of various 2‐phenyl‐4H‐[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]benzazoles and analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Construction of Tetrahydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole Scaffold via an Organocatalyzed Formal [3 + 3] Annulation.
Authors: Zheng Yin , Cui Lei , Wang Youming , Zhou Zhenghong
Published: September 2016

An enantioselective formal [3 + 3] annulation of pyrazolinones (I) and Morita—Baylis—Hillman type nitroolefins (II) is developed using a bifunctional squaramide as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Construction of Quaternary Carbon Stereocenter via Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Lactones.
Authors: Li Xiao‐Hui , Wan Shi‐Li , Chen Di , Liu Qing Rong , Ding Chang‐Hua , Fang Ping , Hou Xue‐Long
Published: September 2016

The practical method offers access to α,α‐disubstituted six‐membered lactones in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Mediated Regiospecific Cascade Synthesis of N‐(2‐Pyridyl)pyrroles from N‐Propargylic β‐Enaminones.
Authors: Shen Jinhai , Yang Xifa , Wang Fuyuan , Wang Yue , Cheng Guolin , Cui Xiuling
Published: September 2016

The pyrrole and pyridine rings are installed simultaneously under KOH‐mediated mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light‐Induced Aerobic C—N Bond Activation: A Photocatalytic Strategy for the Preparation of 2‐Arylpyridines and 2‐Arylquinolines.
Authors: Hu Bei , Li Yuyuan , Dong Wuheng , Xie Xiaomin , Wan Jun , Zhang Zhaoguo
Published: September 2016

The title reaction can be achieved by using simple ketones and easily available diamines as substrates with O2 as the sole oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Vilsmeier‐Haack Reaction: A Manifest Protocol to Synthesise Bisquinoline
Authors: Makhanya T. R. , Pitchai P. , Gengan R. M. , Mohan P. S.
Published: September 2016

in three steps starting from methyl anthranilate and ethyl acetoacetate
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines by Lithiation Then Electrophilic Quench.
Authors: Talk Ruaa A. , Duperray Alexia , Li Xiabing , Coldham Iain
Published: September 2016

The intermediately formed 1‐lithiated derivatives are trapped with diverse electrophiles, thus affording 1‐functionalized tetrahydroisoquinolines in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Promoted Double Oxidative C—H Amination Cascade for the Synthesis of Imidazo[1,5‐a]quinolines.
Authors: Li Zhong , Wu Song‐Song , Luo Zai‐Gang , Liu Wei‐Kang , Feng Cheng‐Tao , Ma Shi‐Tang
Published: September 2016

The optimized conditions allow the cascade reaction of methylazaarenes and benzylamines to form imidazoquinolines in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐Thiazines: One‐Pot Syntheses Utilizing Mono and Diaza Analogues of Sulfones.
Authors: Bohmann Rebekka Anna , Unoh Yuto , Miura Masahiro , Bolm Carsten
Published: September 2016

A one‐pot Michael addition/cyclization/condensation reaction sequence for the regioselective synthesis of 1,2‐thiazines is developed, starting from propargyl ketones and NH‐sulfoximines or NH‐sulfondiimines.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Assembly of Benzo[b]naphtho[2,3‐d]azocin‐6(5H)‐ones by a Palladium‐Catalyzed Double Carbometalation.
Authors: Gong Xinxing , Chen Mo , Yao Liangqing , Wu Jie
Published: September 2016

The highly efficient tandem reaction delivers polycycles in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Pd‐Catalyzed Domino Heck/Arylborylation Sequence Forming Borylated Chromans.
Authors: Yoon Hyung , Jang Young Jin , Lautens Mark
Published: September 2016

The reaction can be scaled up.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Activation of P‐Alkynes in the Synthesis of P‐Substituted and P‐Centered Heterocycles.
Authors: Gupta Akhil , Flynn Bernard L.
Published: September 2016

Phosphine oxides and phosphonates are used as substrates for the preparation of a series of phoshorylated benzothiophenes.
ChemInform Abstract: ent‐Abietane Diterpenoids with anti‐Neuroinflammatory Activity from the Rare Chloranthaceae Plant Chloranthus oldhamii.
Authors: Xiong Juan , Hong Zhi‐Lai , Xu Peng , Zou Yike , Yu Shang‐Bo , Yang Guo‐Xun , Hu Jin‐Feng
Published: September 2016

Twelve new ent‐abietane diterpenoids, chlorabietins A—L, are isolated and fully characterized.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Synthesis of Dictyoquinazol A via a Dimerisation—Cyclocondensation Sequence.
Authors: Wangsahardja Jonatan , Marcolin Gabriella M. , Lizarme Yuvixza , Morris Jonathan C. , Hunter Luke
Published: September 2016

Dictyoquinazol A (I) is obtained by a two‐step total synthesis in 19% overall yield.
ChemInform Abstract: MnFe(PGe) Compounds: Preparation, Structural Evolution, and Magnetocaloric Effects
Authors: Yue Ming , Zhang Hong‐Guo , Liu Dan‐Min , Zhang Jiu‐Xing
Published: September 2016

Review: 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Entries Toward the Synthesis of OCF3‐Containing Molecules
Authors: Besset Tatiana , Jubault Philippe , Pannecoucke Xavier , Poisson Thomas
Published: September 2016

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Bond Formation with Boronic Acids and Derivatives by Transition‐Metal‐Free Conjugate Addition Reactions
Authors: Sanchez‐Sancho Francisco , Csaky Aurelio G.
Published: September 2016

Review: [39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Reduction and Hydroelementation Reactions
Authors: Darcel Christophe , Sortais Jean‐Baptiste
Published: September 2016

Review: 210 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Complexation Between Pillar[5]arenes and Neutral Guests: From Host—Guest Chemistry to Functional Materials
Authors: Wang Yiliang , Ping Guchuan , Li Chunju
Published: September 2016

Review: [49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Porous Organic Molecular Frameworks with Extrinsic Porosity: A Platform for Carbon Storage and Separation
Authors: Lue Jian , Cao Rong
Published: September 2016

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Page to Access Pyridine Derivatives: Synthesis from N‐Propargylamines
Authors: Vessally Esmail , Hosseinian Akram , Edjlali Ladan , Bekhradnia Ahmadreza , Esrafili Mehdi D.
Published: September 2016

Review: [34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Expansion Reactions of anti‐Aromatic Boroles: A Promising Synthetic Avenueto Unsaturated Boracycles
Authors: Barnard Jonathan H. , Yruegas Sam , Huang Kexuan , Martin Caleb D.
Published: September 2016

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Journey in the Chemistry of Ynamides: From Synthesis to Applications
Authors: Evano Gwilherm , et al.
Published: September 2016

Review: [48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Coupling Reactions Directed by Sulfoxides: Teaching an Old Functional Group New Tricks
Authors: Pulis Alexander P. , Procter David J.
Published: September 2016

Review: [62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Highly Selective Applications of Nitroso Compounds
Authors: Huang Jiapian , Chen Zhiyuan , Yuan Jianjun , Peng Yiyuan
Published: September 2016

Review: [application of nitroso derivatives in heterocyclization and direct C—H functionalization reactions; 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Reactions of Diynes
Authors: Asiri Abdullah M. , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: September 2016

Review: [183 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Carbon—Heteroatom Bond Formation: A Recent Update
Authors: Zhu Xu , Chiba Shunsuke
Published: September 2016

Review: [94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Carboxylation
Authors: Sekine K. , Yamada T.
Published: September 2016

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemically Synthesized Glycoconjugates on Proteins: Effects of Multivalency and Glycoform in vivo
Authors: Tanaka Katsunori
Published: September 2016

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Host—Guest Chemistry that Directly Targets Lysine Methylation: Synthetic Host Molecules as Alternatives to Bio‐Reagents
Authors: Hof Fraser
Published: September 2016

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Design of Safer Chemicals: A Path Forward
Authors: DeVito Stephen C.
Published: September 2016

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bimetallic Dendrimer‐Encapsulated Nanoparticle Catalysts
Authors: Wang Hui , Rempel Garry L.
Published: September 2016

Review: recent research advances in the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic proerties; 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Electrochemical Detection of Important Sulfhydryl‐Containing Compounds
Authors: Zlamalova Magda , Nesmerak Karel
Published: September 2016

Review: 109 refs.
Adsorption Behavior of Halogenated Anesthetic and Water Vapor on Cr‐Based MOF (MIL‐101) Adsorbent. Part II. Multiple‐Cycle Breakthrough Tests
Authors: Hua Ye , Gargiulo Nicola , Peluso Antonio , Aprea Paolo , Eić Mladen , Caputo Domenico
Published: September 2016

Multiple‐cycle breakthrough tests of a binary gas mixture of the halogenated anesthetic sevoflurane (SF) and water vapor were performed on both the synthesized chromium‐based metal organic framework (Cr‐MOF) and a conventionally used reference adsorbent. At 1 vol % SF and 50 % relative humidity mixture composition, the Cr‐MOF (MIL‐101) showed a significantly higher SF adsorption capacity, lower water vapor adsorption capacity, and no roll‐up effect compared to the reference sample. After each adsorption measurement, the saturated column was regenerated. MIL‐101 showed higher stability with minor SF capacity loss after 14 cycles, while the reference sample lost about a half of the SF capacity after 17 cycles.
Influence of Nanoparticles and Drop Size Distributions on the Rheology of w/o Pickering Emulsions
Authors: Hohl Lena , Röhl Susanne , Stehl Dmitrij , von Klitzing Regine , Kraume Matthias
Published: September 2016

The rheological behavior of particle/oil suspensions and w/o Pickering emulsions consisting of water, 1‐dodecene and different fumed silica nanoparticles was investigated. The particles varied in hydrophobicity and specific surface area. The influence of particle concentration and water content on rheology was determined and the emulsion drop size distributions were examined. Emulsions with different drop sizes were created by either varying the particle concentration or the water content. It was found that the particles in the continuous oil phase and not the drop size distribution seem to be the major influencing factor on the Pickering emulsion rheology.
Characteristics of Stable Pickering Emulsions under Process Conditions
Authors: Stehl Dmitrij , Hohl Lena , Schmidt Marcel , Hübner Jessica , Lehmann Maren , Kraume Matthias , Schomäcker Reinhard , von Klitzing Regine
Published: September 2016

Emulsions stabilized by solid particles are so called Pickering emulsions which are characterized by their high stability against coalescence. This type of emulsion can be used for a lot of applications. Very little is known about how reaction conditions affect their properties. In this study the influence of important reaction conditions like shear stress, pressure, temperature, and the influence of synthesis gas on Pickering emulsions is investigated. It is shown that the emulsions remain stable in terms of coalescence in a broad range of the reaction conditions and are suitable as reaction media for industrial processes and for a reaction optimization with a subsequent separation step.
Akinesia and freezing caused by Na+ leak‐current channel (NALCN) deficiency corrected by pharmacological inhibition of K+ channels and gap junctions
Authors: Kasap Merve , Bonnett Kendra , Aamodt Eric J. , Dwyer Donard S.
Published: September 2016

The Na+ leak‐current channel (NALCN) regulates locomotion, respiration, and intellectual development. Previous work highlighted striking similarities between characteristic movement phenotypes of NALCN‐deficient animals (Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans) and the major symptoms of Parkinson's disease and primary progressive freezing gait. We have discovered novel physiological connections between the NALCN, K+ channels, and gap junctions that mediate regulation of locomotion in C. elegans. Drugs that block K+ channels and gap junctions or that activate Ca++ channels significantly improve movement of NALCN‐deficient animals. Loss‐of‐function of the NALCN creates an imbalance in ions, including K+ and Ca++, that interferes with normal cycles of depolarization–repolarization. This work suggests new therapeutic strategies for certain human movement disorders. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:1109–1121, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patterns and distribution of presynaptic and postsynaptic elements within serial electron microscopic reconstructions of neuronal arbors from the medicinal leech Hirudo verbana
Authors: Pipkin Jason E. , Bushong Eric A. , Ellisman Mark H. , Kristan Jr. William B.
Published: September 2016

Microscale connectomics involves the large‐scale acquisition of high‐resolution serial electron micrographs from which neuronal arbors can be reconstructed and synapses can be detected. In addition to connectivity information, these data sets are also rich with structural information, including vesicle types, number of postsynaptic partners at a given presynaptic site, and spatial distribution of synaptic inputs and outputs. This study uses serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy (EM) to collect two volumes of serial EM data from ganglia of the medicinal leech. For the first volume, we sampled a small fraction of the neuropil belonging to an adult ganglion. From this data set we measured the proportion of arbors that contained vesicles and the types of vesicles contained and developed criteria to identify synapses and to measure the number of apparent postsynaptic partners in apposition to presynaptic boutons. For the second data set, we sampled an entire juvenile ganglion, which included the somata and arbors of all the neurons. We used this data set to placd our findings from mature tissue in the context of fully reconstructed arbors and to explore the spatial distribution of synaptic inputs and outputs on these arbors. We observed that some neurons segregated their arbors into input only and mixed input/output zones, that other neurons contained exclusively mixed input/output zones, and that still others contained only input zones. These results provide the groundwork for future behavioral studies. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3677–3695, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photophysical Properties of Benzoylgermane and para‐Substituted Derivatives: Substituent Effects on Electronic Transitions
Authors: Feuerstein Wolfram , Höfener Sebastian , Klopper Wim , Lamparth Iris , Moszner Norbert , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Unterreiner Andreas‐N.
Published: September 2016

In the present study, a selection of basic substitution patterns on benzoyl(trimethyl)germane was investigated using time‐dependent density‐functional theory (TDDFT) to explore the influence on the stability and on the relative order of the lowest excited electronic states. The theoretical results are in agreement with absorption and fluorescence measurements. We show that electron‐withdrawing groups decrease the energetic level of the lowest singlet and triplet state relative to the electron‐pushing systems resulting in red‐shifted radiative transitions (fluorescence). In the first triplet state electron‐withdrawing groups lead to an increased dissociation barrier and a close approach with the singlet ground state before the transition state in the triplet state is reached, favoring radiationless ground‐state recovery. The results are also in good agreement with empirical concepts of organic chemistry, therefore providing simple rules for synthetic strategies towards tuning the excited‐state properties of benzoylgermanes.
Investigation of Supramolecular Nanofibers Formed from Multicomponent Nucleotide‐Appended Bolaamphiphiles and Heteropolymeric DNA as a Template
Authors: Iwaura Rika , Kanai Yoshikazu , Ohnishi‐Kameyama Mayumi
Published: September 2016

A novel DNA‐templated multicomponent self‐assembly of well‐defined, molecular‐level‐controlled nanostructures in aqueous solution is demonstrated by using a thermal cycling procedure. The strategy uses four building blocks comprising 1,18‐nucleotide‐appended bolaamphiphiles (3′‐phosphorylated adenosine, thymidine, guanosine, or cytidine connected to each end of an oligomethylene chain) and a heteropolymeric 58‐mer containing a palindromic sequence as the template DNA. Atomic force microscopic observations, circular dichroism, and temperature‐dependent absorption spectra revealed that the multicomponent self‐assembly of the four nucleotide bolaamphiphiles and template DNA formed right‐handed helical nanofibers with complementary base pairs during thermal cycling. Nanofibers were not formed if one of the four nucleotide bolaamphiphiles was missing, suggesting that construction of the helical nanofiber resulted from self‐assembly of all four bolaamphiphiles to form matched base pairs sorted according to the sequence of the template DNA.
A Mouse Model of Furosemide‐Induced Overactive Bladder
Authors: Saporito Michael S. , Zuvich Eva , DiCamillo Amy
Published: September 2016

Detailed in this unit is a mouse model of overactive bladder and urinary incontinence based on diuretic stress‐induced urination. The procedure involves the use of a unique, highly sensitive, and automated urine capturing method to measure urinary latency, frequency, and void volume. Although this method was first described and validated using an anti‐muscarinic drug used for treating overactive bladder, subsequent work has shown that effective non‐cholinergic agents can be detected. These findings indicate good predictive value for this model regarding the possible clinical utility of test agents as treatments for overactive bladder, regardless of their site of action. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Measurement of Receptor Signaling Bias
Authors: Kenakin Terry
Published: September 2016

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are often pleiotropically linked to numerous cellular signaling mechanisms in cells, and it is now known that many agonists differentially activate some signaling pathways at the expense of others. The mechanism for this effect is the stabilization of different active receptor states by different agonists, and it leads to varying qualities of efficacy for different agonists. Agonist bias is a powerful mechanism to amplify beneficial signals and diminish harmful signals, and thus improve the overall profile of agonist ligands. This unit describes a method to quantify agonist bias with a scale that enables medicinal chemists to amplify or reduce these effects in new molecules. The method is based on the Black/Leff operational model and yields a statistical estimate of the confidence for bias measurements. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Relationship between morphology and structure of shape‐controlled CeO2 nanocrystals synthesized by microwave‐assisted hydrothermal method
Authors: Bezkrovnyi O. S. , Lisiecki R. , Kepinski L.
Published: September 2016

The influence of synthesis conditions on morphology and structure of CeO2 nanocrystals prepared by microwave‐assisted hydrothermal method were studied by XRD, TEM, Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence measurements. Decisive effect of the OH‐/Ce3+ molar ratio in the reaction mixture on the size and shape of CeO2 nanocrystals was established and explained. Rise of the concentration of OH‐ groups at the surface of growing CeO2 nanocrystals promotes shape transformation from irregular (spheroidal) to cube and enables oriented attachment mode of particle growth. I was found that the unit cell parameter and intensity of Ce3+ defect related band in the luminescence and Raman spectra in ceria nanoparticles increase as follows: irregular shape nanocrystals < large cube < small primary cube shape particles. The reason is growing contribution of total subsurface volume under {100} faces, exposed by ceria nanocubes, where enhanced concentration of Ce3+ and oxygen vacancies occur.
Phase‐field simulation of dendrite growth under forced flow conditions in an Al–Cu welding molten pool
Authors: Wang Lei , Wei Yanhong , Yu Fengyi , Zhang Qi , Peng Qingyu
Published: September 2016

A quantitative phase‐field model for directional solidification is applied to study dendrite growth under forced flow conditions in an Al‐Cu Gas Tungsten Arc (GTA) welding molten pool. Evolution of the dendrite morphology and the solute field under forced flow conditions is simulated. Growth of columnar grains goes through three periods, including the initial instability period, the competitive growth period and the relatively stable period. The solute segregation, the solute redistribution and the solute concentration in the liquid side of the interface are investigated, respectively. For the given conditions, simulation results are in good agreement with experimental findings.
Metastatic pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma in a younger male with marked AFP production: A potential pitfall on fine needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Valente Kari , Yacoub George , Cappellari James O. , Parks Graham
Published: September 2016

A 30‐year‐old male presented to his doctor with complaints of abdominal pain and was found to have retroperitoneal as well as multiple hepatic masses. A serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) level was significantly elevated (17,373 ng mL−1), raising suspicions for a metastatic germ cell tumor. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the pancreatic lesion revealed atypical epithelioid cells with round nuclei, large prominent nucleoli, and granular cytoplasm. The morphologic differential diagnosis included pancreatic neoplasm, metastatic germ cell tumor, other metastatic carcinoma, and melanoma. An extensive panel of immunohistochemical stains confirmed the diagnosis of acinar cell carcinoma. The diagnosis of acinar cell carcinoma could be confounded by the markedly increased AFP level, particularly in the setting of a retroperitoneal mass in a younger male. The increased AFP level in the setting of an acinar cell tumor is a potential pitfall to correct diagnosis by cytology. As the treatment for these two entities differs considerably, acute awareness of the phenomenon is important. We present a case of pancreatic ACC with an increased AFP level diagnosed on a cytology specimen. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:133–136. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Engage parents to help students make a successful transition
Authors: Hamblet Elizabeth C.
Published: September 2016

It's understandable that after years of looking after their students, some of whom may have really struggled in high school, some parents have trouble “letting go.” So how can disability services offices work with parents who are overly involved?
Provide your students with a well‐rounded college experience
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: September 2016

Larry Markle is the director of disability services at Ball State University, which was named one of 75 colleges that go above and beyond the guidelines set out by the Americans with Disabilities Act by disabilityfriendlycolleges.com. Under the tutelage of Richard Harris, director emeritus of disability services and one of the founding members of the Association on Higher Education And Disability, Markle has fostered an environment of welcome for more than 400 students with disabilities in the past 11 years.
Empowering medical students with disabilities: The student perspective
Authors: Herzer Kurt R.
Published: September 2016

Medical school can be a stressful and high‐stakes experience. For medical students with disabilities, that experience may be even more stressful as students navigate the accommodations process, worry about possible discrimination if they disclose their disabilities, and fear being viewed as inferior compared to their peers. Disability services providers play a vital role in supporting students through the medical school experience.
Analysis of novel alleles of brother of tout‐velu, the drosophila ortholog of human EXTL3 using a newly developed FRT42D ovoD chromosome
Authors: Lujan Ernesto , Bornemann Douglas J. , Rottig Carmen , Bayless Brian A. , Stocker Hugo , Hafen Ernst , Arora Kavita , Warrior Rahul
Published: September 2016

The FLP/FRT system permits rapid phenotypic screening of homozygous lethal mutations in the context of a viable mosaic fly. Combining this system with ovoD dominant female‐sterile transgenes enables efficient production of embryos derived from mutant germline clones lacking maternal contribution from a gene of interest. Two distinct sets of FRT chromosomes, carrying either the mini‐white (w + mW.hs), or rosy (ry+) and neomycin (neoR) transgenes are in common use. Parallel ovoD lines were developed using w + mW.hs FRT insertions on the X and chromosomes 2R and 3L, as well as ry+, neoR FRT insertions on 2L and 3R. Consequently, mutations isolated on the X, 2R and 3L chromosomes in a ry+, neoR FRT background, are not amenable to germline clonal analysis without labor‐intensive recombination onto chromosome arms containing a w + mW.hs FRT. Here we report the creation of a new ovoD line for the ry+, neoR FRT insertion at position FRT42D on chromosome 2R, through induced recombination in males. To establish the developmental relevance of this reagent we characterized the maternal‐effect phenotypes of novel brother of tout‐velu alleles generated on an FRT42D chromosome in a somatic mosaic screen. We find that an apparent null mutation that causes severe defects in somatic tissues has a much milder effect on embryonic patterning, emphasizing the necessity of analyzing mutant phenotypes at multiple developmental stages.
Beyond connectedness: why pairwise metrics cannot capture community stability
Authors: Neutel Anje‐Margriet , Thorne Michael A. S.
Published: September 2016

The connectedness of species in a trophic web has long been a key structural characteristic for both theoreticians and empiricists in their understanding of community stability. In the past decades, there has been a shift from focussing on determining the number of interactions to taking into account their relative strengths. The question is: How do the strengths of the interactions determine the stability of a community? Recently, a metric has been proposed which compares the stability of observed communities in terms of the strength of three‐ and two‐link feedback loops (cycles of interaction strengths). However, it has also been suggested that we do not need to go beyond the pairwise structure of interactions to capture stability. Here, we directly compare the performance of the feedback and pairwise metrics. Using observed food‐web structures, we show that the pairwise metric does not work as a comparator of stability and is many orders of magnitude away from the actual stability values. We argue that metrics based on pairwise‐strength information cannot capture the complex organization of strong and weak links in a community, which is essential for system stability.
Crack Suppression of Transparent Protective Layer on Polycarbonate Formed by Fluorine Laser
Authors: OKOSHI MASAYUKI
Published: September 2016

A transparent, hard silica glass (SiO2) layer was formed on a conventional protective coat made of silicone ([SiO(CH3)2]n) on a polycarbonate plate by the 157 nm fluorine (F2) laser‐induced photochemical modification of silicone into SiO2. Long exposure of the F2 laser to the sample produced cracks on the surface; a metallic mesh mask was set on the sample during F2 laser irradiation to suppress the cracks successfully. As a result, the thickness of the formed SiO2 layer could increase to approximately 1.3 μm without any crack, and the hardness of the sample also increased to approximately 2.8 GPa.
Highly Sensitive Wireless Sensor Node Using Surface Acoustic Wave Devices for Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: BAO ZHONGQIAO , HARA MOTOAKI , KUWANO HIROKI
Published: September 2016

A wireless node of strain sensor was developed for structural health monitoring. Surface acoustic wave oscillators were used as sensor heads of the system, and can linearly detect the strain of 10−5 to 10−6 order. In the developed sensor node, a mixer chip and communicator were integrated on the board for temperature compensation and construction of sensor mesh network. We practically applied the developed sensor nodes to measurement of the static deformation in the metal plate, and successfully detected the deformation distribution. In this experiment, power consumption of each node was 190 μW in sleep mode and 50 mW in data transmission mode.
Ferroelectricity in Metal–Organic Frameworks: Characterization and Mechanisms
Authors: Asadi Kamal , van der Veen Monique Ann
Published: September 2016

Ferroelectric metal–organic frameworks are emerging as an exciting field of research and have witnessed great progress in the last decade. In this contribution, we briefly discuss ferroelectricity and its means of demonstration. Three mechanisms that lead to ferroelectricity are identified and critically discussed. On the basis of the shortcomings present in the literature, we present a protocol for the study of ferroelectricity in MOF compounds.
Convenient Construction of Indanedione‐Fused 2,5‐Dihydropyridines, 4,5‐Dihydropyridines, and Spirooxindolines
Authors: Yang Wen‐Juan , Zhang Jing , Sun Jing , Yan Chao‐Guo
Published: September 2016

A cycloaddition reaction promoted by the Lewis acid BF3·OEt2 between 2‐arylidene‐1,3‐indanediones and β‐enamino esters, generated by the addition of arylamines to dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, gave densely substituted 1,4‐diphenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐indeno[1,2‐b]pyridines in satisfactory yields. When 2‐isatylidene‐1,3‐indanediones were used under the same conditions, the one‐pot reaction gave the corresponding spiro[indeno[1,2‐b]pyridine‐4,3′‐indolines] in high yields. On the other hand, unusual 1,2‐diphenyl‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐indeno[1,2‐b]pyridines were obtained in moderate to good yields through a four‐component reaction.
Identifying fibromyalgia subgroups using cluster analysis: Relationships with clinical variables
Authors: Yim Y.‐R. , Lee K.‐E. , Park D.‐J. , Kim S.‐H. , Nah S.‐S. , Lee J.H. , Kim S.‐K. , Lee Y.‐A. , Hong S.‐J. , Kim H.‐S. , Lee H.‐S. , Kim H.A. , Joung C.‐I. , Kim S.‐H. , Lee S.‐S.
Published: September 2016

Background

Patients with fibromyalgia (FM) exhibit significant clinical heterogeneity, in terms of physical, social and psychological functions, as well as therapeutic responses. Here, we examined FM patients in terms of pain, physical, social and psychological variables to identify clinical subgroups that may be predictive of treatment patterns.

Methods

A total of 313 FM patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire that included sociodemographic data, current or past FM symptoms and current use of relevant medications. A K‐means cluster analysis was conducted using variables reflecting tender points, the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventor and Social Support Scale.

Results

Four distinct clusters were identified in these patients. Group 1 was characterized by high pain levels, severe physical and mental impairment and low social support. Group 2 had moderate pain and physical impairment, mild mental impairment and moderate social support. Group 3 had moderate pain, low physical and moderate mental impairment and low social support. Group 4 had low pain levels, nearly normal physical and mental function and high social support. Group 1 was more often a current or past smoker, more likely to have a variety of symptoms, including swelling, cognitive dysfunction, dizziness, syncope, oesophageal dysmotility, dyspepsia, irritable bladder, vulvodynia and restless leg syndrome.

Conclusions

We identified four subgroups of FM patients based on pain, physical, social and psychological function. These subgroups had different clinical symptoms and medication profiles, suggesting that FM may be better managed using a more comprehensive assessment of an individual patient's symptoms.

Significance

FM patients can be clustered into four distinct subgroups based on clinically measurable variables – pain, physical involvement, psychological function and social support. These subgroups had different clinical symptoms and medication profiles.
Redox Behavior of 2,3‐Diamino‐1,4‐naphthoquinone and its N‐Alkylated Derivatives
Authors: Dron Paul I. , Ramešová Šárka , Holloran Nicholas P. , Pospíšil Lubomír , Michl Josef
Published: September 2016

Electrochemical reduction and oxidation potentials and standard heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants are reported for 2,3‐diamino‐1,4‐naphthoquinone and two of its N‐alkylated derivatives in acetonitrile. For two of the compounds, spectroelectrochemistry was used to obtain the absorption spectra of the radical cation and the radical anion. The compounds can be viewed as captodative biradicaloids and as such are of interest for photophysical studies of singlet fission.
Rural–urban transformation, energy consumption, economic growth, and CO2 emissions using STRIPAT model for BRICS countries
Authors: Haseeb Muhammad , Hassan Sallahuddin , Azam Muhammad
Published: September 2016

The objective of the study is to empirically examine the effects of urbanization, energy consumption, and per capita GDP on CO2 emissions for all member countries from BRICS. Panel data over the period 1990‐2014 and the STRIPAT model are used. After panel unit root tests, the method of fully modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) is applied as an analytical technique. Empirical results reveal that urbanization has a positive and significant relationship with CO2 emissions in all BRICS countries with the exception of Russia. Results also show that GDP per capita in cases of Brazil, Russia, and South Africa will help to mitigate CO2 emissions, while the results are opposite in the cases of India and China. Likewise, energy consumption is positively and significantly causing CO2 emissions in cases of Brazil, India, and China, whereas, it is helping to reduce CO2 emission in Russia, while energy consumption has no impact in the case of South Africa. The findings of the study suggest important policy implications. This study recommends introducing less pollution emission of transport, and constructing long‐term and effective system in renewable energy development in order to mitigate side effects of urbanization on the environment. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 523–531, 2017
A Lack of Clinical Effect of High‐frequency rTMS to Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex on Bulimic Symptoms: A Randomised, Double‐blind Trial
Authors: Gay Aurelia , Jaussent Isabelle , Sigaud Torrance , Billard Stephane , Attal Jerome , Seneque Maude , Galusca Bogdan , Van Den Eynde Frederique , Massoubre Catherine , Courtet Philippe , Guillaume Sebastien
Published: September 2016

Studies suggest that stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) reduces food craving in bulimic patients, but evidence supporting repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a therapeutic tool is lacking. We investigated the safety and therapeutic efficacy of an adjunct high‐frequency rTMS programme targeting the left DLPFC. Forty‐seven women with bulimia nervosa were randomised to a real or sham stimulation group. The real group underwent 10 rTMS sessions, each consisting of 20 trains of 5 seconds with 55‐second intervals between trains, at a frequency of 10 Hz. The main outcome was the number of binge episodes in the 15 days following the end of stimulation. Overall, no significant improvement in bingeing and purging symptoms was noted after the programme. rTMS was well tolerated. This suggests that 10 sessions of high‐frequency rTMS to the left DLPFC provide no greater benefit than placebo. Future studies should consider methodological issues as well as alternative targets. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A 3D finite volume scheme for solving the updated Lagrangian form of hyperelasticity
Authors: Georges G. , Breil J. , Maire P.‐H.
Published: September 2016

The finite volume discretization of nonlinear elasticity equations seems to be a promising alternative to the traditional finite element discretization as mentioned by Lee et al. [Computers and Structures (2013)]. In this work, we propose to solve the elastic response of a solid material by using a cell‐centered finite volume Lagrangian scheme in the current configuration. The hyperelastic approach is chosen for representing elastic isotropic materials. In this way, the constitutive law is based on the principle of frame indifference and thermodynamic consistency, which are imposed by mean of the Coleman–Noll procedure. It results in defining the Cauchy stress tensor as the derivative of the free energy with respect to the left Cauchy–Green tensor. Moreover, the materials being isotropic, the free‐energy is function of the left Cauchy–Green tensor invariants, which enable the use of the neo‐Hookean model. The hyperelasticity system is discretized using the cell‐centered Lagrangian scheme from the work of Maire et al. [J. Comput. Phys. (2009)]. The 3D scheme is first order in space and time and is assessed against three test cases with both infinitesimal displacements and large deformations to show the good accordance between the numerical solutions and the analytic ones. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pediatric T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Karrman Kristina , Johansson Bertil
Published: September 2016

The most common pediatric malignancy is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), of which T‐cell ALL (T‐ALL) comprises 10–15% of cases. T‐ALL arises in the thymus from an immature thymocyte as a consequence of a stepwise accumulation of genetic and epigenetic aberrations. Crucial biological processes, such as differentiation, self‐renewal capacity, proliferation, and apoptosis, are targeted and deranged by several types of neoplasia‐associated genetic alteration, for example, translocations, deletions, and mutations of genes that code for proteins involved in signaling transduction, epigenetic regulation, and transcription. Epigenetically, T‐ALL is characterized by gene expression changes caused by hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes, histone modifications, and miRNA and lncRNA abnormalities. Although some genetic and gene expression patterns have been associated with certain clinical features, such as immunophenotypic subtype and outcome, none has of yet generally been implemented in clinical routine for treatment decisions. The recent advent of massive parallel sequencing technologies has dramatically increased our knowledge of the genetic blueprint of T‐ALL, revealing numerous fusion genes as well as novel gene mutations. The challenges now are to integrate all genetic and epigenetic data into a coherent understanding of the pathogenesis of T‐ALL and to translate the wealth of information gained in the last few years into clinical use in the form of improved risk stratification and targeted therapies. Here, we provide an overview of pediatric T‐ALL with an emphasis on the acquired genetic alterations that result in this disease. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The “Big‐Bang” for modern glial biology: Translation and comments on Pío del Río‐Hortega 1919 series of papers on microglia
Authors: Sierra Amanda , de Castro Fernando , del Río‐Hortega Juan , Rafael Iglesias‐Rozas José , Garrosa Manuel , Kettenmann Helmut
Published: September 2016

The word “glia” was coined in the mid‐19th century and defined as “the nerve glue”. For decades, it was assumed to be a uniform matrix, until cell theorists raised the “neuron doctrine” which stipulated that nervous tissue was composed of individual cells. The term “astrocytes” was introduced in the late 19th century as a synonym for glial cells, but it was Santiago Ramón y Cajal who defined a “third element” distinct from glial cells (astrocytes) and neurons. It was not until 1919 when Pío del Río‐Hortega, an alumnus of the Cajal School, introduced the modern terms we use today, and thoroughly described both “oligodendrocytes” and “microglia” to clearly distinguish them from astrocytes. In a series of four papers published that year in Spanish, Río‐Hortega described the distribution and morphological phenotype of microglia. He also noted that these cells were the origin of the rod cells described earlier in pathologic tissue, and recognized that resting microglia transformed into an ameboid phenotype in different types of brain diseases and pathologies. He also noted the mesodermal origin of these cells and recognized their phagocytic capacity. We here provide the first English translation of these landmark series of papers, which paved the way for modern glial research. To heighten the value and accessibility of these classic papers and their original figures, an introduction to this critical period of neuroscience is provided, along with unpublished photographs. By adding comments to the translated text, we provide sufficient context so that contemporary scientists may fully appreciate it. GLIA 2016;64:1801–1840
A synthesis of the evidence on peer research with potentially vulnerable adults: how this relates to dementia
Authors: Di Lorito Claudio , Birt Linda , Poland Fiona , Csipke Emese , Gove Dianne , Diaz‐Ponce Ana , Orrell Martin
Published: September 2016

Background

There is limited literature around peer research in dementia. This study aims to identify the benefits, the risks and the practical challenges and to develop a model of good practice in peer research with people with dementia.

Methods

We searched on PsycInfo, PubMed and Google Scholar for empirical investigations or discussion papers on peer research. Given the limited literature in the field of dementia, we included studies with groups who share similar demographics (older people), experience of stigma (mental health service users) and exclusion from research (people with learning disabilities). We applied no restrictions on language and publication date.

Analysis

We identified three themes: the potential benefits, the potential risks and the practical challenges of peer research. We developed a model of good practice. The European Working Group of People with Dementia reviewed our paper and added to our findings.

Results

We included seven papers. Potential benefits of peer research included enriched data and empowering people with dementia. Potential risks included power differentials between researchers and issues of representativeness. The practical issues for good practice included the training of peer researchers, defining involvement and roles, working with cognitive impairment and considering resource implications. The European Working Group of People with Dementia emphasised the importance of equality issues.

Conclusion

Involving people with dementia in peer research can generate several benefits, including empowerment and opportunities for inclusion for the peer researchers and the research participants living with dementia, challenging academics' traditional views on research processes and gathering enhanced research data. There remains a need for further research on the impact of peer research in dementia studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Motion‐related artifacts in structural brain images revealed with independent estimates of in‐scanner head motion
Authors: Savalia Neil K. , Agres Phillip F. , Chan Micaela Y. , Feczko Eric J. , Kennedy Kristen M. , Wig Gagan S.
Published: September 2016

Motion‐contaminated T1‐weighted (T1w) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results in misestimates of brain structure. Because conventional T1w scans are not collected with direct measures of head motion, a practical alternative is needed to identify potential motion‐induced bias in measures of brain anatomy. Head movements during functional MRI (fMRI) scanning of 266 healthy adults (20–89 years) were analyzed to reveal stable features of in‐scanner head motion. The magnitude of head motion increased with age and exhibited within‐participant stability across different fMRI scans. fMRI head motion was then related to measurements of both quality control (QC) and brain anatomy derived from a T1w structural image from the same scan session. A procedure was adopted to “flag” individuals exhibiting excessive head movement during fMRI or poor T1w quality rating. The flagging procedure reliably reduced the influence of head motion on estimates of gray matter thickness across the cortical surface. Moreover, T1w images from flagged participants exhibited reduced estimates of gray matter thickness and volume in comparison to age‐ and gender‐matched samples, resulting in inflated effect sizes in the relationships between regional anatomical measures and age. Gray matter thickness differences were noted in numerous regions previously reported to undergo prominent atrophy with age. Recommendations are provided for mitigating this potential confound, and highlight how the procedure may lead to more accurate measurement and comparison of anatomical features. Hum Brain Mapp 38:472–492, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gene–Environment Interaction in the Intergenerational Transmission of Asthma
Authors: Thompson Owen
Published: September 2016

Researchers have found strong linkages between parent and child health, but the mechanisms underlying intergenerational health transmission are not well understood. This paper investigates how the importance of genetic health transmission mechanisms varies by environmental conditions in the case of pediatric asthma, the single most common chronic health condition among American children. Using a sample that includes approximately 2000 adoptees and a large number of similar biological families, I find that the relative importance of genetic transmission differs strongly by socioeconomic status (SES). In high SES families, parent–child asthma associations are approximately 75% weaker among adoptees than biological children, suggesting a dominant role for genetic transmission. In lower SES families, parent–child asthma associations are virtually identical across biological and adoptive children, suggesting a negligible role for genetic transmission. A potential interpretation of this difference is that as environmental conditions affecting asthma improve among higher SES children, an increasingly large share of asthma variation is due to genetics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.