bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Configuración de la homosexualidad medicalizada en Chile
Authors: Rolando Cornejo Juan
Published: February 2017

Este artículo realiza un análisis histórico de la producción intelectual chilena en torno a la homosexualidad y constata una permanencia del paradigma medicalizador, verificable hasta la actualidad. Tal paradigma, su conceptualización y representación, además de influenciar imaginarios sociales, dan lugar a la homofobia y a las dificultades para introducir reformas pro derechos de la comunidad LGBT. Sus antecedentes inmediatos se encuentran en el higienismo y en intentos modernizadores acaecidos en Chile durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Dicho paradigma habría transitado en Chile por cuatro momentos: un período de instalación; otro de predominio de la interpretación psicoanalítica; un tercero de hegemonía del método fenomenológico; y finalmente un período de apologética medicalizadora, años, coincidente con la vuelta a la democracia, la irrupción de los movimientos LGBT organizados y las reivindicaciones de derechos para las personas LGBT.
La práctica/estilo de vida swinger: ¿una práctica social-sexual perversa?
Authors: Orejuela Johnny Javier , Piedrahita John Jairo , Renza Faizury
Published: February 2017

Este artículo reflexiona, desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar -sociología, antropología y psicoanálisis- sobre la práctica swinger en tanto estilo de vida en la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. Esta connotación de lo swinger, como una práctica que permite el establecimiento del lazo social con sentido, lleva a cuestionar una percepción moralizante y prejuiciosa de la misma, compartida no sólo por personas que la consideran como una transgresión del deber ser de la sexualidad, sino también por profesionales del campo "psi", que la califican como perversa. El texto discute ambas posturas, que parecen desconocer las inflexiones resultantes de las actuales transformaciones de la intimidad.
Inheritance and potential use of grain color in the identification of genotypes resistant to pre-harvest sprouting in wheat
Authors: Santos Lilian Tais dos , Barth Pinto Ronald José , Franco Francisco de Assis , Schuster Ivan
Published: February 2017

The inheritance of grain color and pre-harvest sprouting in wheat was studied to identify genotypes with high resistance to pre-harvest sprouting and evaluate the possible use of grain color in indirect selection of resistant lines. The genotypes of most lines were characterized with regard to the loci that control grain color. No significant correlations between grain color and pre-harvest sprouting resistance were observed, but correlations were useful when the frequency of segregating genotypes with white grain was relatively high. Of the eight F2:3 populations evaluated, only two differed significantly in grain sprouting between the white and red classes. Three genes for pre-harvest sprouting resistance seem to be present in the genotypes Frontana and Onix. Grain color should not be used as the only criterion for selecting wheat genotypes resistant to pre-harvest sprouting.
Evaluation of maize core collection for drought tolerance
Authors: Teixeira Flavia França , Gomide Reinaldo Lúcio , Albuquerque Paulo Emílio Pereira de , Andrade Camilo Lélis Teixeira de , Leite Carlos Eduardo Prado , Parentoni Sidney Netto , Guimarães Paulo Evaristo de Oliveira , Guimarães Lauro José Moreira , Silva Adelmo Resende , Bastos Edson Alves , Cardoso Milton José
Published: February 2017

The maize genebank (GBmaize) preserves nearly 4,000 accessions for conservation and use. The use is however restricted because the accessions do not perform as well as the elite genotypes. This problem can be reduced by pre-breeding, i.e., by extending the information on germplasm and introgressing useful alleles. Since irregular rainfall distribution and drought induce maize yield losses, drought tolerance is a main breeding target. In this study, the GBmaize accessions were evaluated for drought tolerance. Environmental factors, genotypes and the respective interactions influence the phenotypic expression. There was however no interaction genotype - irrigation level, so no accessions with different performance under the two water regimes could be identified. The performance of the following accessions was promising for a number of traits: SP154, BA166, MG099, CE002, SE025, BA154, BA194, BA085, MG076, PR053, Roxo Macapá, SE016, and AL018.
Identification of promising wheat genotypes for crossing
Authors: Costa Luciana , Riede Carlos Roberto , Zucareli Claudemir , Pípolo Valéria Carpentieri , Garbuglio Deoclécio Domingos
Published: February 2017

The objective of this study was to identify promising wheat genotypes from the IAPAR breeding program for crosses by multivariate techniques. Measures of dissimilarity between genotypes were obtained from multicategoric variables. To identify clusters, Tocher optimization and UPGMA were used. The genotypes were divided into five diverging groups, indicating a wide genetic base of the wheat breeding program of the Agricultural Research Institute of Paraná (IAPAR). As indicated by the genetic distance, crosses involving the cultivars IPR 85 and IPR 118 seem to be the most promising to increase genetic gains in both grain and flour quality as well as for agronomic parameters.
Artificial neural network analysis of genetic diversity in Carica papaya L.
Authors: Barbosa Cibelle Degel , Viana Alexandre Pio , Quintal Silvana Silva Red , Pereira Messias Gonzaga
Published: February 2017

The study of genetic diversity is fundamental in the preliminary selection of accessions with superior characteristics and for a successful use of these genotypes in breeding programs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, as a strategy for genetic diversity analysis, the bioinformatics approach called artificial neural network. Based on the average of three growing seasons, eight quantitative traits and thirty-seven papaya accessions were evaluated in a randomized complete block design, with two replications. By Anderson's discriminant analysis, 91.90 % of the accessions were correctly classified in the groups previously defined by artificial neural network. It was concluded that the technique of artificial neural network is feasible to classify the accessions. The presence of significant genetic diversity among accessions was observed.
Optimizing the number of progenies and replications in plant breeding experiments
Authors: Silva Filho João Luís da
Published: February 2017

A determination criterion was proposed for the number of replications, r, and of evaluated progenies, Nr, given P experimental plots, with Nr=P/r, and n progenies to be selected; its application was discussed in the selection of progenies of bulk populations, derived from two homozygous parents. For a known heritability at the plot level, h²0, there is a critical n below which the gain is greater with selection evaluating P/(r+1) progenies in r+1 than P/r progenies in r replications. Different h²0 scenarios were simulated in the F2 and F∞ generations, assuming no dominance. It was demonstrated that at any h²0 , if n > 18.5% of P, larger gains are obtained by assuming Nr = P, showing that the augmented block design could be used in the early stages of breeding programs. The higherh²0, the higher must be the selection intensity to justify the use of additional replications.
Genetic purity testing of pumpkin hybrid seed by ultrathin-layer isoelectric focusing
Authors: Yan Min
Published: February 2017

Ultrathin-layer isoelectric focusing of seed proteins was used to test the genetic purity of pumpkin hybrid seeds. In the pH range of 5-8, one male marker band and two female marker bands were found in the male and female parental line, respectively. Based on the male marker band and female marker bands, the genetic purity of F1 seeds can easily be determined in the laboratory.
IPR 107 - dwarf arabic coffee cultivar with resistance to coffee leaf rust
Authors: Sera Tumoru , Sera Gustavo Hiroshi
Published: February 2017

'IPR 107' was derived from a cross between 'IAPAR 59' and 'Mundo Novo IAC 376-4'. 'IPR 107' is a dwarf medium size plantwith medium precocity in ripening and with complete resistance to rust races in this time. This cultivar presents superior quality and high yield in many coffee regions.
UENF 14: a new popcorn cultivar
Authors: Amaral Júnior Antonio Teixeira do , Gonçalves Leandro Simões Azeredo , Freitas Júnior Silvério de Paiva , Candido Liliam Silvia , Vittorazzi Cassio , Pena Guilherme Ferreira , Ribeiro Rodrigo Moreira , Silva Thiago Rodrigues da Conceição , Pereira Messias Gonzaga , Scapim Carlos Alberto , Viana Alexandre Pio , Carvalho Geraldo Francisco de
Published: February 2017

The aim of this work is to present the features of the popcorn cultivar UENF 14, developed from five cycles of recurrent selection of the population UNB-2U, to the scientific community. The cultivar produces yields of 3047.58 kg ha-1 and has popping expansion of 35.69 mL g-1.
Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of extracts, fractions and isolated substances from the flowers of Acacia podalyriifolia A. Cunn. ex G. Don
Authors: Andrade Cláudia Alexandra de , Carvalho João Luiz de Souza , Cunico Miriam Machado , Lordello Ana Luísa Lacava , Higaskino Carmen Etsuko Kataoka , Almeida Siumara Costa da Cruz , Dias Josiane de Fátima Gaspari , Kerber Vitor Alberto , Miguel Marilis Dallarmi , Miguel Obdúlio Gomes
Published: February 2017

The extracts and fractions from the flowers of A. podalyriifolia were analyzed previously for antibacterial activity using diffusion in disk, Antioxidant properties were evaluated by determining radical scavenging power (DPPH test) and total phenol content was measured (Folin method). The present study describes the in vitro antibacterial (determining minimum inhibitory concentration) and antioxidant activities (by thiobarbituric acid reactive species - TBARS method) for the ethanol extract, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions and two flavanones (naringenin and 5-β-D-glycosyl-naringenin) isolated from the flowers of Acacia podalyriifolia A. Cunn. ex G. Don. The flavanones naringenin and 5-β-D-glycosyl-naringenin had not previously been obtained from this species. The most effective antibacterial activity was observed in the ethyl acetate fraction (MIC=0.25 mg mL-1 against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, MIC = 0.125 mg mL-1 against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12229, MIC=0.5 mg mL-1 against Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 and Proteus mirabilis ATCC 43071). The evaluated samples showed antioxidant activity on the TBARS test, especially for ethanol extract (1000 ppm), which was the most active (29.43% ± 0.65) followed by ethyl acetate fraction (1000 ppm, 24.84% ± 1,28), both demonstrating higher activity than that presented by ascorbic acid (1000 ppm, 21.73% ± 1.77), although lower than the BHT (1000 ppm 35.15% ± 3.42), both reference compounds. Naringenin and 5-β-D-glycosyl-naringenin demonstrated antioxidant action, but only naringenin inhibited the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Single gas chromatography method with nitrogen phosphorus detector for urinary cotinine determination in passive and active smokers
Authors: Malafatti Lusiane , Maia Patrícia Penido , Martins Matheus Coutinho Gonçalves , Siqueira Maria Elisa Pereira Bastos de , Martins Isarita
Published: February 2017

Nicotine is a major addictive compound in cigarettes and is rapidly and extensively metabolized to several metabolites in humans, including urinary cotinine, considered a biomarker due to its high concentration compared to other metabolites. The aim of this study was to develop a single method for determination of urinary cotinine, in active and passive smokers, by gas chromatography with a nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC-NPD). Urine (5.0 mL) was extracted with 1.0 mL of sodium hydroxide 5 mol L-1, 5.0 mL of chloroform, and lidocaine used as the internal standard. Injection volume was 1 μL in GC-NPD. Limit of quantification was 10 ng mL-1. Linearity was evaluated in the ranges 10-1000 ng mL-1 and 500-6000 ng mL-1, with determination coefficients of 0.9986 and 0.9952, respectively. Intra- and inter-assay standard relative deviations were lower than 14.2 %, while inaccuracy (bias) was less than +11.9%. The efficiency of extraction was greater than 88.5%. Ruggedness was verified, according to Youden's test. Means of cotinine concentrations observed were 2,980 ng mL-1 for active smokers and 132 ng mL-1, for passive smokers. The results revealed that satisfactory chromatographic separation between the analyte and interferents was obtained with a ZB-1 column. This method is reliable, precise, linear and presented ruggedness in the range evaluated. The results suggest that it can be applied in routine analysis for passive and active smokers, since it is able to quantify a wide range of cotinine concentrations in urine.
Twenty-six years of HIV science: an overview of anti-HIV drugs metabolism
Authors: Andrade Carolina Horta , Freitas Lenis Medeiros de , Oliveira Valéria de
Published: February 2017

From the identification of HIV as the agent causing AIDS, to the development of effective antiretroviral drugs, the scientific achievements in HIV research over the past twenty-six years have been formidable. Currently, there are twenty-five anti-HIV compounds which have been formally approved for clinical use in the treatment of AIDS. These compounds fall into six categories: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), cell entry inhibitors or fusion inhibitors (FIs), co-receptor inhibitors (CRIs), and integrase inhibitors (INIs). Metabolism by the host organism is one of the most important determinants of the pharmacokinetic profile of a drug. Formation of active or toxic metabolites will also have an impact on the pharmacological and toxicological outcomes. Therefore, it is widely recognized that metabolism studies of a new chemical entity need to be addressed early in the drug discovery process. This paper describes an overview of the metabolism of currently available anti-HIV drugs.
Self-emulsifying therapeutic system: a potential approach for delivery of lipophilic drugs
Authors: Wadhwa Jyoti , Nair Anroop , Kumria Rachna
Published: February 2017

Self-emulsifying therapeutic system (SETs) provide an effective and intelligent solution to the various issues related to the formulation of hydrophobic drugs with limited solubility in gastrointestinal fluid. Although the potential utility of SETs is well known, only in recent years has a mechanistic understanding of the impact of these systems on drug disposition emerged. These in situ emulsion-forming systems have a high stability when incorporated in various dosage forms. SETs are being looked upon as systems which can overcome the problems associated with delivery of poorly water soluble drugs. An in-depth knowledge about lipids and surfactants that can contribute to these systems, criterion for their selection and the proportion in which they can be used, represent some crucial factors determining the in vivo performance of these systems. This article presents a comprehensive account of various types of self-emulsifying formulations with emphasis on their composition and examples of currently marketed preparations.
Regulation of herbal medicines in Brazil: advances and perspectives
Authors: Carvalho Ana Cecília Bezerra , Perfeito João Paulo Silvério , Costa e Silva Leandro Viana , Ramalho Lívia Santos , Marques Robelma France de Oliveira , Silveira Dâmaris
Published: February 2017

The National Policy of Integrative and Complementary Practices (PNPIC) in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), and The National Policy of Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines (PNPMF) were launched in 2006. Based on these, the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) re-edited rules related to herbal medicines such as the Guideline to herbal medicine registration (RDC 14/10), the Good Manufacture Practices Guideline (RDC 17/10) and the List of references to assess the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines (IN 05/10). The requisites to prove herbal medicine's safety and efficacy were updated. Therefore, this review aims at presenting and commenting these new rules.
The Liquisolid technique: an overview
Authors: Burra Shashidher , Yamsani Madhusudhanrao , Vobalaboina Venkateswarlu
Published: February 2017

A novel "Powder Solution Technology" involves absorption and adsorption efficiency which makes use of liquid medications, drug suspensions admixed with suitable carriers, coating materials and formulated into free flowing, dry looking, non adherent and compressible powder forms. Based upon a new mathematical model expression, improved flow characteristics and hardness of the formulation has been achieved by changing the proportion of Avicel ® PH 200 and Aerosil ® PH 200 from 50:1 ratio to 5:1 and in which the drug is dispersed in an almost molecularly state. Due to their significantly improved wetting properties a greater drug surface area is exposed to the dissolution media, resulting in an increased dissolution rate and bio availability. By using the Liquisolid technique, sustained drug delivery systems were developed for the water soluble drugs in which hydrophobic non-volatile solvents are used as vehicles.
Inhibition of LDL-oxidation and antioxidant properties related to polyphenol content of hydrophilic fractions from seaweed Halimeda Incrassata (Ellis) Lamouroux
Authors: Costa-Mugica Ariana , Batista- Gonzalez Ana Elsa , Mondejar Diadelis , Soto-López Yosdel , Brito-Navarro Victor , Vázquez Ana Maria , Brömme Dieter , Zaldívar-Muñoz Claudina , Vidal-Novoa Alexis , Silva Ana Mara de Oliveira e , Mancini-Filho Jorge
Published: February 2017

LDL oxidation and oxidative stress are closely related to atherosclerosis. Therefore, natural antioxidants have been studied as promising candidates. In the present study, the LDL oxidation inhibition activity of bioactive compounds from Halimeda incrassata seaweed. associated to antioxidant capacity, was evaluated in vitro. Experimental work was conducted with lyophilized aqueous extract and phenolic-rich fractions of the seaweed and their effect on LDL oxidation was evaluated using heparin-precipitated LDL (hep-LDL) with exposure to Cu2+ ions and AAPH as the free radical generator. H. incrassata had a protective effect for hep-LDL in both systems and the presence of phenolic compounds contributed to the activity where phenolic-rich fractions showed significant capacity for inhibition of oxidation mediated by Cu2+ ions. The observed effect could be related to the antioxidant potential of polar fractions evidenced by reducing activity and DPPH• radical scavenging. The results obtained in vitro further support the antioxidant and LDL oxidation inhibition properties of H. incrassata and further knowledge toward future phytotherapeutic application of the seaweed.
Poly-ε-caprolactone microspheres containing interferon alpha as alternative formulations for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Melo Cristiane da Silva , Pereira Bruno Gonçalves , Silva-Cunha Armando , Fialho Sílvia Ligório
Published: February 2017

Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) is one of the main drugs used in the treatment of hepatitis C. Use of IFN-alpha has some limitations that result in poor treatment efficacy and low patient compliance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) microspheres containing IFN-alpha as an alternative for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Microspheres were prepared using the multiple emulsion followed by solvent evaporation technique. Particle size, surface morphology, drug content and encapsulation efficiency of the microspheres produced were evaluated. The stability of the formulation was assessed after 90 days at -20ºC. An in vitro release study was performed in PBS. In vitro cytotoxicity of the formulation was studied using hepatic cell line. The freeze-dried microspheres had mean particle size, IFN-alpha content, and encapsulation efficiency of 38.52 ± 4.64 µm, 15.52 ± 3.28% and 83.93 ± 5.76%, respectively. There were no significant changes during storage and the structural integrity of the protein was not compromised by the preparation technique. A total of 82% of the IFN-alpha was released after 28 days and the developed microspheres did not present cytotoxicity to the hepatic cell line. In vivo studies are currently underway to evaluate the biological activity of IFN-alpha encapsulated into microspheres.
Glycodendrimers: versatile tools for nanotechnology
Authors: Roy René , Shiao Tze Chieh , Rittenhouse-Olson Kate
Published: February 2017

Combining nanotechnology with glycobiology has triggered an exponential growth of research activities in the design of novel functional bionanomaterials (glyconanotechnology). More specifically, recent synthetic advances towards the tailored and versatile design of glycosylated nanoparticles namely glyconanoparticles, considered as synthetic mimetics of natural glycoconjugates, paved the way toward diverse biomedical applications. The accessibility of a wide variety of these structured nanosystems, in terms of shapes, sizes, and organized around stable nanoparticles have readily contributed to their development and applications in nanomedicine. In this context, glycosylated gold-nanoparticles (GNPs), glycosylated quantum dots (QDs), fullerenes, single-wall natotubes (SWNTs), and self-assembled glycononanoparticles using amphiphilic glycopolymers or glycodendrimers have received considerable attention to afford powerful imaging, therapeutic, and biodiagnostic devices. This review will provide an overview of the most recent syntheses and applications of glycodendrimers in glycoscience that have permitted to deepen our understanding of multivalent carbohydrate-protein interactions. Together with synthetic breast cancer vaccines, inhibitors of bacterial adhesions to host tissues including sensitive detection devices, these novel bionanomaterials are finding extensive relevance.
Conversação entre abordagens da estratégia em organizações: escolha estratégica, cognição e instituição
Authors: Fonseca Valéria S. da , Machado-da-Silva Clóvis L.
Published: February 2017

No presente trabalho pretendeu-se verificar qual o tratamento dispensado ao conceito de estratégia organizacional nas abordagens da escolha estratégica, cognitiva e institucional. Para tanto, delimitaram-se critérios de análise teóricos e metodológicos. A identificação desses critérios foi realizada de modo descritivo, a partir do exame dos pressupostos de cada abordagem focalizada. As descrições dos seus respectivos indicadores foram agrupadas em matrizes de conteúdo e analisadas por meio do uso do método comparativo. Os indicadores dos critérios teóricos foram as representações do indivíduo, da organização e do ambiente. O indicador do critério metodológico foi a dimensão de análise. Os resultados obtidos revelam variações significativas que configuram arranjos específicos de definição e tratamento dos elementos constitutivos da concepção de estratégia organizacional, em cada uma das abordagens analisadas.
Da suspeita à intervenção em surdez: caracterização deste processo na região de Campinas/SP
Authors: Sígolo Cássia , Lacerda Cristina Broglia Feitosa de
Published: February 2017

OBJETIVO: Identificar e detalhar a situação do diagnóstico e atendimento de crianças surdas de dois municípios que pertencem à região administrativa de Campinas (SP). MÉTODOS: Foi realizado levantamento de 320 prontuários referentes à pacientes com diagnóstico de surdez pré-lingual no período de 1996 a 2005, em duas instituições localizadas na região de Campinas: uma clínica especializada no atendimento à surdez e uma clínica universitária. RESULTADOS: Quanto a suspeita da perda auditiva, a média de idade foi de um 1 e 9 meses. A média de idade da primeira consulta com o médico ou fonoaudiológico foi de 3 anos e 6 meses; para o diagnóstico da surdez 4 anos e 3 meses; para o início de intervenção clínica 6 anos e 1 mês; e para a adaptação de aparelho de amplificação sonora individual (AASI) 7 anos e 5 meses. CONCLUSÃO: A suspeita, primeira consulta médica, diagnóstico, intervenção e adaptação de AASI ocorreram tardiamente, se considerados os padrões diagnósticos e de acesso aos serviços preconizados na atualidade. Além disso, há um intervalo de tempo importante entre cada uma das etapas, destacando-se principalmente o período entre a suspeita da surdez e o início da intervenção clínica. A região de Campinas é bastante desenvolvida economicamente, dispõe de uma ampla rede de serviços de saúde, mas se mostra pouco eficiente no que se refere ao atendimento em surdez
Consciência sintática: prováveis correlações com a coerência central e a inteligência não-verbal no autismo
Authors: Varanda Cristina de Andrade , Fernandes Fernanda Dreux Miranda
Published: February 2017

OBJETIVO: Avaliar consciência sintática, coerência central, inteligência não-verbal, desenvolvimento social e da comunicação, comportamentos e interesses de crianças no espectro autístico e verificar suas prováveis correlações. MÉTODOS: Participaram dez sujeitos diagnosticados dentro do espectro autístico, que utilizavam linguagem oral para a comunicação, sendo oito do gênero masculino e dois do gênero feminino, com idades entre 4 anos e 9 meses e 13 anos e 4 meses (média de idade de 9 anos). Foram utilizadas as provas de: Consciência Sintática (Adaptada); Quebra-cabeça computadorizados com figura e fundo e somente com fundo; e Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven - Escala Especial. Os pais dos sujeitos responderam ao protocolo Autism Diagnostic Interview - Revised (ADI-R). RESULTADOS: As crianças com autismo apresentaram desempenho em consciência sintática similar ao de crianças de desenvolvimento típico com 6 anos de idade. Do total, 60% das crianças apresentaram nível de inteligência não-verbal médio ou superior. Não houve correlações entre os desempenhos em consciência sintática e as outras variáveis testadas. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve relação entre o desempenho em consciência sintática e os resultados referentes a coerência central, inteligência não-verbal, falhas na interação social, dificuldades de comunicação e padrões restritos de interesses dos sujeitos com autismo. Os resultados fornecem indicações de que essas crianças parecem acompanhar o padrão de desenvolvimento em consciência sintática das crianças de desenvolvimento típico de 6 anos de idade, porém com atraso.
A extensão média do enunciado (EME) como medida do desenvolvimento de linguagem de crianças com síndrome de Down
Authors: Marques Suelen Fernanda , Limongi Suelly Cecilia Olivan
Published: February 2017

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a extensão média de enunciados em morfemas (EME-m) e palavras (EME-p) produzida por crianças com síndrome de Down (SD) e verificar a eficácia da utilização da EME-p como medida do desenvolvimento linguístico geral de crianças com SD. MÉTODOS: Participaram 15 crianças com SD, com idades entre cinco e 12 anos, que foram submetidas à situação de interação livre. As crianças foram divididas em três grupos, com base na idade cronológica e mental, a partir da aplicação do Primary Test of Nonverbal Intelligence. Os 100 primeiros enunciados foram analisados quanto a: número de morfemas gramaticais para artigos, substantivos e verbos (MG-1) e pronomes, preposições e conjunções (MG-2); extensão média dos enunciados considerando-se morfemas (EME-m) e palavras (EME-p). RESULTADOS: A comparação intergrupos mostrou que quanto maior a idade, mais altas foram as médias obtidas, havendo diferença para todas as variáveis, com exceção de MG-2. Os mesmos resultados foram obtidos na comparação intragrupo para todas as variáveis. Houve forte correlação entre EME-m e EME-p. CONCLUSÃO: A EME-p pode ser utilizada como medida de identificação de desenvolvimento linguístico geral. No entanto, ressalta-se que a utilização de todas as variáveis relacionadas à extensão média de enunciados fornece maior eficiência na identificação do desenvolvimento linguístico e na análise de suas alterações.
Comportamento vocal de teleoperadores pré e pós-jornada de trabalho
Authors: Amorim Geová Oliveira de , Bommarito Silvana , Kanashiro Célia Akemi , Chiari Brasilia Maria
Published: February 2017

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o comportamento vocal de teleoperadores receptivos em momento pré e pós-jornada de trabalho e relacionar os resultados à variável gênero. MÉTODOS: Participaram 55 teleoperadores de uma empresa de teleatendimento na cidade de Maceió (AL), sendo 11 homens e 44 mulheres, com atuação no modo receptivo. Inicialmente, foi aplicado um questionário antes da jornada de trabalho para identificação das queixas vocais. Em seguida foi feita gravação de amostras vocais compostas por emissões sustentadas e fala encadeada 10 minutos antes e 10 minutos após a jornada de trabalho para serem posteriormente avaliadas. Foram realizadas avaliações perceptivo-auditiva e acústica da voz. RESULTADOS: Os sintomas e queixas vocais referidos pelos teleoperadores após a jornada de trabalho foram: garganta seca (64%); dores na região de nuca e pescoço (33%); rouquidão (31%); falhas na voz (26%) e cansaço vocal (22%). Os teleoperadores apresentaram tempos máximos fonatórios reduzidos antes e após a jornada de trabalho (p=0,645). Os dados da avaliação perceptivo-auditiva da voz foram semelhantes nos momentos pré e pós-jornada (p=0,645). Também não houve diferença nos dados de análise acústica no início e ao final da jornada de trabalho (p=0,738). CONCLUSÃO: Os teleoperadores apresentam elevado índice de sintomas vocais após a jornada de trabalho, e não há diferenças entre a pré e pós-jornada de trabalho nas avaliações perceptivo-auditiva e acústica da voz.
Proposta para determinação do tipo facial a partir da antropometria
Authors: Ramires Rossana Ribeiro , Ferreira Léslie Piccolotto , Marchesan Irene Queiroz , Cattoni Débora Martins , Andrada e Silva Marta Assumpção de
Published: February 2017

OBJETIVO: Descrever índices e proporções orofaciais de adultos, segundo tipo facial e gênero, e verificar a possibilidade de estabelecer uma forma classificação da face, a partir da antropometria. MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo prospectivo 105 adultos, leucodermas, 34 (32,4%) homens e 71 (67,6%) mulheres, de 20 a 40 anos, pacientes de uma clínica particular de ortodontia de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os achados da análise cefalométrica que constavam em suas documentações ortodônticas foram utilizados para determinação do tipo facial. Os indivíduos divididos em gêneros e tipos faciais foram submetidos à coleta de algumas medidas antropométricas faciais por meio de paquímetro. Essas medidas foram comparadas a seis variáveis: índice facial, índice facial inferior, índice facial superior, proporção queixo-face, proporção do queixo e proporção mandibular. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios das variáveis obtidas dos indivíduos divididos em gêneros e tipos faciais que apresentaram diferenças foram: índice facial, índice facial inferior, índice facial superior e proporção mandibular, para o gênero masculino, e proporção mandibular, para o feminino. Para se predizer os tipos faciais, houve diferença entre índice facial, índice facial superior e proporção mandibular para o tipo dolicofacial, para o gênero masculino; e proporção mandibular para o tipo dolicofacial e índice facial inferior para o braquifacial, para o gênero feminino. CONCLUSÃO: Alguns índices e proporções orofaciais apresentam variações de acordo com os tipos faciais e gêneros. De maneira geral, as variáveis antropométricas desta pesquisa não apresentam boa habilidade preditiva para se determinar os tipos faciais.
Força axial de língua em diferentes faixas etárias
Authors: Motta Andréa Rodrigues , César Cibele Comini , Bommarito Silvana , Chiari Brasília Maria
Published: February 2017

OBJETIVO: Analisar a força axial máxima, força axial média, a energia acumulada pela língua e o tempo gasto para alcançar a força máxima de língua, em diferentes faixas etárias. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados os prontuários referentes a 92 indivíduos, alunos, funcionários e visitantes de uma universidade, sendo 29 (32,6%) homens e 63 (67,4%) mulheres, com idades entre 14 e 53 anos de idade, que foram divididos em quatro grupos etários: 14 a 18 anos, 19 a 23 anos, 24 a 28 anos e 29 a 53 anos. Cada indivíduo foi submetido à avaliação clínica e instrumental de língua, sendo esta última realizada por meio do FORLING. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente. RESULTADOS: Em relação à força média, à força máxima e à energia acumulada pela língua não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos. Quanto ao tempo empregado para alcançar a força máxima de língua, os maiores valores foram encontrados na faixa etária entre 14 e 18 anos (4,5 s) e os menores entre 19 e 23 anos (3,1 s), havendo diferença entre os grupos (p=0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Apenas o tempo médio gasto para se alcançar a força máxima da língua sofre influência da faixa etária, indicando que os adolescentes não são capazes de atingir a força máxima lingual de maneira tão rápida quanto os adultos jovens.
Aplicação do teste M1-Alpha em sujeitos normais com baixa escolaridade: estudo piloto
Authors: Ortiz Karin Zazo , Costa Flávia Pereira da
Published: February 2017

OBJETIVO: Verificar o desempenho de sujeitos normais com baixa escolaridade no teste M1-Alpha e obter parâmetros que possam ser utilizados na avaliação clínica de pacientes afásicos com baixa escolaridade, expostos a este teste. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 30 sujeitos normais de baixa escolaridade (um a quatro anos de estudo), com idade superior a 18 anos e inferior a 60 anos, sendo 15 do gênero masculino e 15 do gênero feminino. Todos foram submetidos à aplicação do teste M1-Alpha, que comporta entrevista semidirigida e provas controladas. Todas as respostas corretas receberam um ponto. Os dados foram submetidos a tratamento estatístico. RESULTADOS: Foi verificado um maior número de erros, bem como uma maior variabilidade nas respostas, em tarefas de escrita copiada, ditado, leitura em voz alta e compreensão escrita. CONCLUSÃO: A baixa escolaridade influencia o desempenho dos indivíduos nas tarefas de escrita copiada, ditado, leitura em voz alta e compreensão escrita. Foi possível obter dados de referência, que poderão ser utilizados na aplicação clínica do teste M1-Alpha em pacientes com baixa escolaridade.
Emprego da estratégia de reparo de plosivização: relação com a gravidade do desvio fonológico e fonemas acometidos
Authors: Costa Vanessa Pires , Backes Fabieli Thaís , Pegoraro Silvana Pereira , Wiethan Fernanda Marafiga , Melo Roberta Michelon , Mota Helena Bolli
Published: February 2017

OBJETIVO: Analisar a ocorrência da estratégia de reparo de plosivização nas diferentes gravidades do desvio fonológico e verificar os fonemas mais acometidos por esta estratégia. MÉTODOS: Participaram 33 crianças, sendo 14 do gênero feminino e 19 do gênero masculino, com idades entre 4 e 8 anos. Todas as crianças empregavam a estratégia de reparo de plosivização para pelo menos um fonema ou alofone, utilizando-a com percentual igual ou superior a 40%. Os dados foram extraídos das primeiras avaliações fonológicas das crianças, pré-intervenção, e a gravidade do desvio fonológico foi determinada por meio do Cálculo do Percentual de Consoantes Corretas - Revisado. Contabilizou-se o número de crianças que utilizavam a estratégia de reparo de plosivização, observando-se a gravidade do desvio fonológico e os diferentes fonemas acometidos por tal estratégia. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística. RESULTADOS: O uso da estratégia de reparo de plosivização foi mais observado para os graus de desvio moderadamente-grave e grave com 42,86% de ocorrência para cada um. Não houve diferença na comparação entre os tipos de fonemas e alofones acometidos: /s/, //, /f/ e /z/, //, /v/, [t] e [d], // e /n/. CONCLUSÃO: A aplicação da estratégia de reparo de plosivização é mais frequente nos graus mais acentuados de desvio fonológico. Esta estratégia é empregada de forma semelhante, no que se refere aos fonemas acometidos, pelas crianças com desvio fonológico.
Effect of Tenapanor on Serum Phosphate in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis
Authors: Block Geoffrey A. , Rosenbaum David P. , Leonsson-Zachrisson Maria , Åstrand Magnus , Johansson Susanne , Knutsson Mikael , Langkilde Anna Maria , Chertow Glenn M.
Published: February 2017

Hyperphosphatemia is common among patients with CKD stage 5D and is associated with morbidity and mortality. Current guidelines recommend lowering serum phosphate concentrations toward normal. Tenapanor is a minimally absorbed small molecule inhibitor of the sodium/hydrogen exchanger isoform 3 that functions in the gut to reduce sodium and phosphate absorption. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessed the effects of tenapanor on serum phosphate concentration in patients with hyperphosphatemia receiving hemodialysis. After a 1- to 3-week washout of phosphate binders, we randomly assigned 162 eligible patients (serum phosphate =6.0 to <10.0 mg/dl and a 1.5-mg/dl increase from before washout) to one of six tenapanor regimens (3 or 30 mg once daily or 1, 3, 10, or 30 mg twice daily) or placebo for 4 weeks. The primary efficacy end point was change in serum phosphate concentration from baseline (randomization) to end of treatment. In total, 115 patients (71%) completed the study. Mean serum phosphate concentrations at baseline (after washout) were 7.32–7.92 mg/dl for tenapanor groups and 7.87 mg/dl for the placebo group. Tenapanor provided dose-dependent reductions in serum phosphate level from baseline (least squares mean change: tenapanor =0.47–1.98 mg/dl; placebo =0.54 mg/dl; P=0.01). Diarrhea was the most common adverse event (tenapanor =18%–68%; placebo =12%) and frequent at the highest tenapanor doses. In conclusion, tenapanor treatment resulted in statistically significant, dose-dependent reductions in serum phosphate concentrations in patients with hyperphosphatemia receiving hemodialysis. Additional studies are required to clarify the optimal dosing of tenapanor in patients with CKD-related hyperphosphatemia.
Butterfly diversity and distribution in Bloomsdale research farm of ICAR-CIARI, Port Blair, South Andaman
Authors: Simhachalam* P. , Gautam R.K. , Birah Ajanta , Baskaran V. , Roy S. Dam
Published: February 2017

Complete floral and faunal information is required to preserve the biodiversity of research fields and adjacent forest. In this respect, a preliminary study of butterfly diversity of the proposed research farm and adjacent forest area in Bloomsdale Research Farm, South Andaman was carried out during 2011-12. A total of 40 species of butterflies belonging to 35 genera of five families were recorded. The distribution of 40 species of butterflies in different families was found in the sequence of Nymphalidae followed by Lycaenidae, Pieridae, Papilionidae and Hesperiidae.
Comparative performance of integrated farming system models in Gariyaband region under rainfed and irrigated conditions
Authors: Sharma* R.L. , Abraham Shalu , Bhagat Rakesh , Prakash Om
Published: February 2017

Two farming system research models were laid out on farm at KVK Gariyaband during 2014-15 and 2015-16 with an aim to study the economic viability and employment generation of the models. Model I was laid out in 3.5 acre area under rainfed conditions and Model II was laid out in 1.5 acre area under irrigated conditions. IFS Model II under irrigated conditions proved to be more remunerative with highest average net returns of Rs.452096 indicating better economic viability and better employment generation capacity as compared to IFS Model I under rainfed conditions.
Comparative Study of Various Sectorial Mutual Funds
Authors: Sengupta Indrani
Published: February 2017

Mutual fund is a trust that pools the savings of a number of investors’ who share a common financial goal. Money collected from investors is invested in capital market instrument such as shares, debentures and other securities. Income earned through these investments and the capital appreciations realized are shared by its unit’s holder in proportion to the number of units owned by them. Thus a mutual fund is the most suitable investment to the common man as it offers an opportunity, to invest in a diversified, professionally managed basket of securities at relatively low cost. This paper attempts to discuss various types of sectorial mutual funds and its comparative analysis between two mutual funds from each category. Furthermore Sharpe’s, Treynor’s ratios are also being used along with hypothesis testing to substantiate the validity of the test.
CASE STUDY – PROMOTION BLUES
Authors: Rathee Rambir Singh
Published: February 2017

Performance appraisal has always been an area of concern among employees. Though it is used as motivational tool but if not handled properly also leads to sense of dissatisfaction. The case discussed was of Hindustan Bank who used traditional method of performance appraisal which led to development of various grievances..
Simultaneous optimization of clustering and fuzzy IF-THEN rules parameters by the genetic algorithm in fuzzy inference system-based wave predictor models
Authors: Zanganeh Morteza
Published: February 2017

Prediction of wave parameters is of great importance in the design of marine structures. In this paper, two shortcomings with the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model for prediction of wave parameters are remedied by employing a genetic algorithm (GA). The first shortcoming in the ANFIS model goes back to its problem for automatic extraction of fuzzy IF-THEN rules and the second one is related to its gradient-based nature for tuning the antecedent and consequent parameters of fuzzy IF-THEN rules. To deal with these shortcomings, in this study a combined FIS and GA model is developed in which the capability of the GA as an evolutionary algorithm is used for simultaneous optimization of the subtractive clustering parameters and the antecedent and consequent parameters of fuzzy IF-THEN rules. Following the development of the combined model, this model is used to predict wave parameters, i.e., significant wave height and peak spectral period at Lake Michigan. The obtained results show that the developed model outperforms the ANFIS model and the Coastal Engineering Manual (CEM) method to estimate the function representing the generation process of the wind-driven waves.
Effect of ammonia on methane production pathways and reaction rates in acetate-fed biogas processes
Authors: Hao L. P. , Mazéas L. , Lü F. , Grossin-Debattista J. , He P. J. , Bouchez T.
Published: February 2017

In order to understand the correlation between ammonia and methanogenesis metabolism, methane production pathways and their specific rates were studied at total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) concentrations of 0.14–9 g/L in three methanogenic sludges fed with acetate, at both mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Results showed that high levels of TAN had significant inhibition on methanogenesis; this could, however, be recovered via syntrophic acetate oxidation (SAO) coupled with Hydrogenotrophic Methanogenesis (HM) performed by acetate oxidizing syntrophs or through Acetoclastic Methanogenesis (AM) catalyzed by Methanosarcinaceae, after a long lag phase >50 d. Free ammonia (NH3) was the active component for this inhibition, of which 200 mg/L is suggested as the threshold for the pathway shift from AM to SAO-HM. Methane production rate via SAO-HM at TAN of 7–9 g/L was about 5–9-fold lower than that of AM at TAN of 0.14 g/L, which was also lower than the rate of AM pathway recovered at TAN of 7 g/L in the incubations with a French mesophilic inoculum. Thermophilic condition favored the establishment of the SAO-catalyzing microbial community, as indicated by the higher reaction rate and shorter lag phase. The operational strategy is thus suggested to be adjusted when NH3 exceeds 200 mg/L.
Association of Serum Phosphorus Concentration with Mortality and Graft Failure among Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Jeon Hee Jung , Kim Yong Chul , Park Seokwoo , Kim Clara Tammy , Ha Jongwon , Han Duck Jong , Oh Jieun , Lim Chun Soo , Jung In Mok , Ahn Curie , Kim Yon Su , Lee Jung Pyo , Kim Young Hoon
Published: February 2017

Background and objectives

Hyperphosphatemia in kidney transplant recipients has been shown to predict poorer graft and patient survival. However, studies examining hypophosphatemia are scarce.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

To evaluate the association of serum phosphorus level with patient and graft survival, we performed a retrospective multicenter cohort study. Between January of 1997 and August of 2012, 2786 kidney transplant recipients (41.7±11.4 years; 59.3% men; 73.5% living donors; 26.1% with diabetes; 3.8% with prior history of cardiovascular disease) were classified into seven groups according to serum phosphorus levels 1 year after transplantation, with intervals of 0.5 mg/dl (lowest group, <2.5 mg/dl; highest group, ≥5.0 mg/dl; reference group, 3.5–3.99 mg/dl). Survival analysis was performed by defining baseline time point as 1 year after transplantation.

Results

During median follow-up of 78.5 months, 60 patient deaths and 194 cases of graft loss occurred. In multivariate analysis, both lowest and highest serum phosphorus groups were associated with higher mortality, compared with the reference group (hazard ratio [HR], 4.82; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.36 to 17.02; P=0.01; and HR, 4.24; 95% CI, 1.07 to 16.84; P=0.04, respectively). Higher death-censored graft loss was observed in the lowest and highest groups (HR, 3.32; 95% CI, 1.42 to 7.79; P=0.01; and HR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.32 to 6.49; P=0.01, respectively), despite eGFR exhibiting no difference between the lowest group and reference group (65.4±19.3 versus 61.9±16.7 ml/min per 1.73 m2; P=0.33). Moreover, serum phosphorus showed a U-shape association with patient mortality and graft failure in restricted cubic spline curve analysis.

Conclusions

Serum phosphorus level 1 year after transplantation exhibits a U-shape association with death-censored graft failure and patient mortality in kidney transplant patients characterized by relatively high rate of living donor transplant and low incidence of diabetes and prior cardiovascular disease compared with Western countries.
IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Rodrigues Jennifer C. , Haas Mark , Reich Heather N.
Published: February 2017

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a leading cause of CKD and renal failure. Recent international collaborative efforts have led to important discoveries that have improved our understanding of some of the key steps involved in the immunopathogenesis of IgAN. Furthermore, establishment of multicenter networks has contributed to rigorous design and execution of clinical trials that have provided important insights regarding immunotherapy in IgAN. In this article, we review emerging developments in clinical and translational IgAN research and describe how these novel findings will influence future strategies to improve the outcome of patients with IgAN.
Enriquecimento com ácidos graxos da série ômega 3 em carne de aves e ovos
Authors: Dalla Costa Filipe , Tavernari Fernando de Castro , Costa Osmar Antonio Dalla , Castro Fabrício Faleiros de , Remus Aline
Published: February 2017

Despite the facilities offered by modernity, the adopted diet can result in damage to health. The disorders related to blood cholesterol and triglyceride are in the group of diseases caused by modern habits, where the omega-3 series fatty acids play an important role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, inflammation and nervous system development. Due to these concerns, the quality of food and proper use of food has become the focus of health programs worldwide, which highlight the functional foods in diets due to its ability of promoting health benefits when properly used. In this segment, the poultry sector was not left out. Eggs and chicken meat have been routinely recommended in healthy diets. Through the manipulation of the nutritional levels of animals’ diet, eggs and chicken can be enriched with fatty acids of the omega 3 series (eicosapentaeonoic -EPA and ocosaexaenoic -DHA) which is an important nutrient for human health. Thus, this review aimed to discuss the enrichment of omega-3 fatty acids in meat and poultry eggs.