bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Absorption in Nb4CoSi and Nb4NiSi.
Authors: Vennstroem M. , Andersson Y.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lithium—Uranium—Nitrides: LiUN2 and Li2UN2.
Authors: Jacobs H. , Heckers U. , Zachwieja U. , Kockelmann W.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Identification of an Activated Catalyst in the Iridium‐Catalyzed Allylic Amination and Etherification. Increased Rates, Scope, and Selectivity.
Authors: Kiener Christoph A. , Shu Chutian , Incarvito Christopher , Hartwig John F.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Copper Phosphoramidite‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Desymmetrization of meso‐Cyclic Allylic Bisdiethyl Phosphates
Authors: Piarulli Umberto , Claverie Christelle , Daubos Philippe , Gennari Cesare , Minnaard Adriaan J. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metal‐Bridged Polymers as Insoluble Multicomponent Asymmetric Catalysts with High Enantiocontrol: An Approach for the Immobilization of Catalysts Without Using Any Support.
Authors: Takizawa Shinobu , Somei Hidenori , Jayaprakash Doss , Sasai Hiroaki
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of Isocyanates with Methyl N‐(Cyanothioformyl)anthranilate.
Authors: Deck L. M. , Papadopoulos E. P. , Smith K. A.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
CH2ReO3/H2O2 in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids: An Homogeneous Recyclable Catalytic System for the Baeyer—Villiger Reaction.
Authors: Bernini Roberta , Coratti Antonietta , Fabrizi Giancarlo , Goggiamani Antonella
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Dihydroxylation of Olefins with Hydrogen Peroxide: An Organic‐Solvent‐ and Metal‐Free System.
Authors: Usui Yoko , Sato Kazuhiko , Tanaka Masato
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Selective Synthesis of Enamines from Olefins.
Authors: Ahmed Moballigh , Seayad Abdul Majeed , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Relative ortho‐Directing Power of Fluorine, Chlorine and Methoxy Group for the Metalation Reaction in the Diazine Series. Diazines. Part 35.
Authors: Toudic Frederic , Turck Alain , Ple Nelly , Queguiner Guy , Darabantu Mircea , Lequeux Thierry , Pommelet Jean Claude
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies on Novel Synthetic Methodologies. Part 27. Silica Chloride: A Versatile Heterogeneous Catalyst for Esterification and Transesterification.
Authors: Srinivas K. V. N. S. , Mahender I. , Das Biswanath
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chelation‐Assisted Hydroesterification of Alkenes Catalyzed by Rhodium Complex.
Authors: Yokota Kazuhiko , Tatamidani Hiroto , Fukumoto Yoshiya , Chatani Naoto
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
High‐Load, ROMP‐Generated Oligomeric Bis‐acid Chlorides: Design of Soluble and Insoluble Nucleophilic Scavengers.
Authors: Moore Joel D. , Byrne Robert J. , Vedantham Punitha , Flynn Daniel L. , Hanson Paul R.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1‐[2‐(2‐Hydroxyalkyl)phenyl]ethanone: A New Photoremovable Protecting Group for Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Atemnkeng Walters N. , Louisiana Larry D. II , Yong Promise K. , Vottero Breanne , Banerjee Anamitro
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
SiBr4/Wet Silica Gel as an Efficient Heterogeneous System for Cleavage of C=N.
Authors: De Surya Kanta
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient Conversion of Nitroaromatics and Aromatic Amides to Tertiary Amines in One‐Pot Way.
Authors: Jung Yeon Joo , Bae Jong Woo , Park Eun Soo , Chang Yu Mi , Yoon Cheol Min
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reductive Esterification of Aromatic Aldehydes Using Zn/Ac2O/Imidazole or Zn/Yb(OTf)3/(RCO)2O System.
Authors: Hirao Toshikazu , Santhitikul Sirida , Takeuchi Hiroki , Ogawa Akiya , Sakurai Hidehiro
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Efficient Synthesis of α‐Keto Triflates.
Authors: Lee Jong Chan , Lee Yong Chan
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of Arylaldehydes and N‐Sulfonated Imines with Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate Catalyzed by Nitrogen and Phosphine Lewis Bases.
Authors: Li Chao‐Qun , Shi Min
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Synthesis of 2‐Cyanomethylbenzaldehyde — Useful Substrate for Construction of Fused Ring Compounds.
Authors: Jonczyk Andrzej , Panasiewicz Marek , Zdrojewski Tadeusz
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Activation of Benzylic gem‐Dialkyl Groups.
Authors: Baudoin Olivier , Herrbach Audrey , Gueritte Francoise
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Non‐Vanilloid VR1 Antagonist of High Analgesic Effects and Its Structural Requirement for VR1 Antagonistic Effects.
Authors: Suh Young‐Ger , et al. et al.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Arylation of Arylacetic Acid Esters Using Tertiary Arylamines and TiCl4.
Authors: Periasamy Mariappan , KishoreBabu N. , Jayakumar Keela Natarajan
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Accelerated Conjugate Addition of Aldehydes to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Anuradha K. , Reddy B. V. Subba , Eeshwaraiah B.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cascade Cyclizations and Couplings Involving Nickel Enolates.
Authors: Mahandru Gireesh M. , Skauge Andy R. L. , Chowdhury Sanjoy K. , Amarasinghe Kande K. D. , Heeg Mary Jane , Montgomery John
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Multicomponent Reactions Involving Zwitterionic Intermediates for the Construction of Heterocyclic Systems: One‐Pot Synthesis of Aminofurans and Iminolactones.
Authors: Nair Vijay , Vinod A. Unni , Abhilash N. , Menon Rajeev S. , Santhi V. , Varma R. Luxmi , Viji S. , Mathew Saumini , Srinivas R.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Convenient One‐Pot Procedure to Afford Bicyclic Molecules by Stereospecific Iron Carbonyl Mediated [6 + 2] Ene‐Type Cyclization: A Possible Approach to Gelsemine.
Authors: Pearson Anthony J. , Wang Xiaolong
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel Dimethyl‐{2‐[6‐substituted‐indol‐1‐yl]‐ethyl}‐amine as Potent, Selective, and Orally‐Bioavailable 5‐HT1D Agonists.
Authors: Isaac Methvin , et al. et al.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tripeptidyl‐Peptidase II (TPP II) Inhibitory Activity of (S)‐2,3‐Dihydro‐2‐(1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)‐1H‐indoles, a Systematic SAR Evaluation. Part 2.
Authors: Breslin Henry J. , Miskowski Tamara A. , Kukla Michael J. , De Winter Hans L. , Somers Maria V. F. , Roevens Peter W. M. , Kavash Robert W.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Primary Alcohols with a 2‐Isoxazoline Moiety.
Authors: Kurkowska Joanna , Zadrozna Irmina , Rzeznicka Kamila
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Convergent Multicomponent Assembly of 2‐Acyloxymethyl Thiazoles.
Authors: Henkel Bernd , Beck Barbara , Westner Benedikt , Mejat Beatrice , Doemling Alexander
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ureas of 5‐Aminopyrazole and 2‐Aminothiazole Inhibit Growth of Gram‐Positive Bacteria.
Authors: Kane John L. Jr. , Hirth Bradford H. , Liang Beirong , Gourlie Brian B. , Nahill Sharon , Barsomian Gary
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solvent‐Free Tetrahydropyranylation of Alcohols with Sulfamic Acid as Reusable Catalyst.
Authors: Wang Bo , Yang Li‐Ming , Suo Ji‐Shuan
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Novel 3‐Substituted‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,4‐dioxino[2,3‐b]pyridines as Potential New Scaffolds for Drug Discovery: Selective Introduction of Substituents on the Pyridine Ring.
Authors: Alcazar Jesus , Alonso Jose M. , Bartolome Jose M. , Iturrino Laura , Matesanz Encarnacion
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Expeditious and Solvent‐Free Route to the Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones under Microwave Conditions.
Authors: Rad‐Moghadam Kurosh , Mohseni Mehdi
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Quinolone Analogues. Part 6. Synthesis of 3‐Halogeno‐1‐methylpyridazino[3,4‐b]quinoxalin‐4(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Kurasawa Yoshihisa , Satoh Waka , Matsuzaki Izumi , Maesaki Yuka , Okamoto Yoshihisa , Kim Ho Sik
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of the Novel Heterocyclic System 3‐Phenyl‐3,4‐dihydrobenzimidazo[2,1‐f][1,2,4]triazine.
Authors: Labanauskas L. , Bucinskaite V. , Brukstus A. , Urbalis G.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Boron‐Containing Allyl Alcohols: Synthesis of Allyl Addition Reagents.
Authors: Pietruszka Joerg , Schoene Niklas
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Approach to Phosphinoalkynes Based on Pd‐ and Ni‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Terminal Alkynes with Chlorophosphanes.
Authors: Beletskaya Irina P. , Afanasiev Vladimir V. , Kazankova Marina A. , Efimova Irina V.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Phosphination of Functionalized Aryl Triflates.
Authors: Kwong Fuk Yee , Lai Chi Wai , Yu Michael , Tian Yuan , Chan Kin Shing
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Novel Chalcone Analogues of Ferrocene Biarenes.
Authors: Song Qing‐Bao , Li Xiao‐Nian , Shen Tian‐Hua , Yang Shang‐Dong , Qiang Gen‐Rong , Wu Xiao‐Li , Ma Yong‐Xiang
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Antitumor Sesquiterpene from the Euonymus nanoides.
Authors: Wang Hong , Tian Xuan , Pan Yuanjiang
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Use of N‐Protected Amino Acids in the Minisci Radical Alkylation.
Authors: Cowden Cameron J.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lewis Acid Promoted Tandem Desulfurization and Hydroxylation of γ‐Phenylthio‐Substituted Lactams: Novel Synthetic Strategy of Isoindolobenzazepine Alkaloid, Chilenine.
Authors: Yoda Hidemi , Inoue Kei‐ichi , Ujihara Yasuaki , Mase Nobuyuki , Takabe Kunihiko
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New 2‐Alkynyl Derivatives of the Acyclic Nucleoside 9‐(2,3‐Dihydroxypropyl)adenine and Their 6‐Guanidinopurine Counterparts as Potential Effectors of Adenosine Receptors.
Authors: Cesnek Michal , Holy Antonin , Masojidkova Milena
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Flavone C‐Glycosides from Viola yedoensis Makino.
Authors: Xie Chen , Veitch Nigel C. , Houghton Peter J. , Simmonds Monique S. J.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Trimethylsilyl Pentafluorophenylbis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methide as a Super Lewis Acid Catalyst for the Condensation of Trimethylhydroquinone with Isophytol.
Authors: Hasegawa Aiko , Ishihara Kazuaki , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Continuous Flow Techniques in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Jas Gerhard , Kirschning Andreas
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
o‐Diacylbenzenes in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Kotali Antigoni , Harris Philip A.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photochemical Reactivity of Polyenes: from Dienes to Rhodopsin, from Microseconds to Femtoseconds
Authors: Liu Robert S. H. , Hammond George S.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Transition Metal Salts Catalysis in the Aerobic Oxidation of Organic Compounds: Thermochemical and Kinetic Aspects and New Synthetic Developments in the Presence of N‐Hydroxy Derivative Catalysts
Authors: Minisci Francesco , Recupero Francesco , Pedulli Gian Franco , Lucarini Marco
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reaction Barriers: Origin and Evolution
Authors: Donahue Neil M.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Atmospheric Chemistry of Alkoxy Radicals
Authors: Orlando John J. , Tyndall Geoffrey S. , Wallington Timothy J.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Isotopes of Volatile Organic Compounds: An Emerging Approach for Studying Atmospheric Budgets and Chemistry
Authors: Goldstein Allen H. , Shaw Stephanie L.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development of Novel Asymmetric Reactions Oriented to Next‐Generation Enzymatic Organic Syntheses
Authors: Akai Shuji
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Some Properties and Structural Features of 1,2‐Thiaphosphacyclanes
Authors: Odinets I. L. , Vinogradova N. M. , Mastryukova T. A.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Molecular Design of Oxopyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Pogrebnyak A. V. , Oganesyan E. T. , Kodonidi I. P. , Magonov M. M.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recent Advances in Automated Solid‐Phase Carbohydrate Synthesis: From Screening to Vaccines
Authors: Plante Obadiah J. , Seeberger Peter H.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Allyltitanium Derivatives
Authors: Szymoniak Jan , Moise Claude
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Encoding Technologies
Authors: Kramer Thomas , Antonenko Valery V. , Mortezaei Reza , Kulikov Nicolay V.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diffusion and NOE NMR Spectroscopy. Applications to Problems Related to Coordination Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Pregosin Paul S. , Martinez‐Viviente Eloisa , Kumar P. G. Anil
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lithium Mobility in Li1.2Ti1.8M0.2(PO4)3 Compounds (M: Al, Ga, Sc, In) as Followed by NMR and Impedance Spectroscopy.
Authors: Arbi K. , Lazarraga M. G. , Ben Hassen Chehimi D. , Ayadi‐Trabelsi M. , Rojo J. M. , Sanz J.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lithium Storage in Nanostructured TiO2 Made by Hydrothermal Growth.
Authors: Kavan Ladislav , Kalbac Martin , Zukalova Marketa , Exnar Ivan , Lorenzen Volker , Nesper Reinhard , Graetzel Michael
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Hydrogen Polyphosphide Bis(tetraphenylphosphonium) Hydrogenheptaphosphide‐ammonia(1/3) (PPh4)2HP7×3NH3.
Authors: Aschenbrenner Juergen C. , Korber Nikolaus
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of (H2O)[Ge5O10] and [(CH3)4N][Ge10O20OH], Two Novel Porous Germanates.
Authors: Xu Yan , Fan Wei , Chino Naotaka , Uehara Kazuhiro , Hikichi Shirou , Mizuno Noritaka , Ogura Masaru , Okubo Tatsuya
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dipotassium Aquapentafluorovanadate.
Authors: Lian Zhaoxun , Huang Changcang , Zhang Hanhui , Huang Xihe
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereospecific Rearrangements During the Synthesis of Pyrrolidines and Related Heterocycles from Cyclizations of Amino Alcohols with Vinyl Sulfones.
Authors: Back Thomas G. , Parvez Masood , Zhai Huimin
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Catalysis of Ene Reactions with Trifluoropyruvate Catalyzed by Dicationic Palladium(II) Complexes.
Authors: Aikawa Kohsuke , Kainuma Satoshi , Hatano Manabu , Mikami Koichi
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lanthanide Complexes Derived from (R)‐1,1′‐Binaphthyl‐2,2′‐bis(neopentylamine) — {Li(THF)4}{Ln [(R)‐C20H12N2 (C10H22)]2} (Ln: Sm, Yb) — Novel Catalysts for Enantioselective Intramolecular Hydroamination.
Authors: Collin Jacqueline , Daran Jean‐Claude , Schulz Emmanuelle , Trifonov Alexander
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Formation of 8‐Membered Ring Compounds by the Reaction of Styrene Oxide with MoCl5.
Authors: Guo Qiaoxia , Nakajima Kiyohiko , Takahashi Tamotsu
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of N‐Heterocyclic Diols by Diastereoselective Pinacol Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Handa Sandeep , Kachala Manpreet S. , Lowe Sarah R.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem Oxidative Cyclization of 1‐Bromohexa‐1,5‐dien‐3‐ols: Easy Access to Cyclopentenones.
Authors: Mal Sajal Kanti , Ray Devalina , Ray Jayanta K.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Domino “Staudinger—Aza‐Wittig—1,5‐Phosphonium‐Rearrangement—Fragmentat ion” Reactions of 1‐Azido‐2‐hydroxy‐4,6‐dioxohexanes.
Authors: Langer Peter , Freifeld Ilia , Shojaei Heydar
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Conversion of Sulfides to Sulfoxides by the [PZnMo2W9O39]5‐ Polyoxometalate.
Authors: Yadollahi Bahram
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Continuous Biphasic Catalysis: Palladium Catalyzed Cross Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Hillerich Jens , Plenio Herbert
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of Multiply Protected Alkylhydrazine Derivatives by Mitsunobu and PTC Approaches.
Authors: Brosse Nicolas , Pinto Maria‐Fatima , Jamart‐Gregoire Brigitte
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopropane Amino Acids Using Diazo Compounds Generated in situ.
Authors: Adams Luke A. , Aggarwal Varinder K. , Bonnert Roger V. , Bressel Bettina , Cox Russell J. , Shepherd Jon , de Vicente Javier , Walter Magnus , Whittingham William G. , Winn Caroline L.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Chiral Cyclohexenones from α‐Campholenic, Fencholenic, and β‐Campholenic Derivatives.
Authors: Anhalt Katrin , Sprung Ines , Schulze Klaus
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Di‐ and Trisubstituted Aminoalkenes: Tandem Isomerization/Aza‐Claisen Rearrangement/Hydride Reduction Sequence.
Authors: Honda Kiyoshi , Yasui Hiroto , Inoue Seiichi
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Perruthenate Ion. Another Metal Oxo Species Able to Promote the Oxidative Cyclization of 1,5‐Dienes to 2,5‐Disubstituted cis‐Tetrahydrofurans.
Authors: Piccialli Vincenzo , Caserta Teresa
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Amino‐Bridged 6,6′‐Disubstituted‐2,2′‐bipyridine Ligands for Lanthanoid Coordination Chemistry.
Authors: Mameri Samir , Charbonniere Loic J. , Ziessel Raymond F.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of N‐Alkylpyridinium Podands.
Authors: Ovchinnikova I. G. , Fedorova O. V. , Rusinov G. L. , Zueva M. N. , Mordovskoi G. G.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Specific Nonpeptide Inhibitors of Puromycin‐Sensitive Aminopeptidase with a 2,4(1H,3H)‐Quinazolinedione Skeleton.
Authors: Kakuta Hiroki , Tanatani Aya , Nagasawa Kazuo , Hashimoto Yuichi
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Approach to the Synthesis of 1,3‐Chloroisothiocyanatoalkanes. Synthesis of Tetrahydro‐1,3‐thiazine‐2‐thiones and 2‐Alkylamino‐5,6‐dihydro‐1,3‐thiazines.
Authors: Fisyuk A. S. , Peretokin N. V. , Unkovsky B. V.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Bis(pinacolato)diboron with Vinyl Triflates β‐Substituted by a Carbonyl Group: Efficient Synthesis of β‐Boryl‐α,β‐unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds and Their Synthetic Utility.
Authors: Ishiyama Tatsuo , Takagi Jun , Kamon Akihiro , Miyaura Norio
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2,3,6,7,10,11‐Hexakis(dimethylsilyl)triphenylene
Authors: Kyushin Soichiro , Takemasa Norikatsu , Matsumoto Hideyuki , Horiuchi Hiroaki , Hiratsuka Hiroshi
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Amino Phosphonates Using Samarium Diiodide as a Catalyst Precursor.
Authors: Xu Fan , Luo Yiqin , Deng Mingyu , Shen Qi
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Vibsanin O, a Novel Diterpenoid from Viburnum awabuki
Authors: Duh Chang‐Yih , El‐Gamal Ali A. H. , Wang Shang‐Kwei
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Characterization of Enantiomerically Pure Menthylamines and Their Isocyanates
Authors: Schopohl Matthias C. , Bergander Klaus , Kataeva Olga , Froehlich Roland , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Diels—Alder Approach to Heavily Substituted Azasugars.
Authors: Afarinkia Kamyar , Bahar Akmal , Neuss Judi
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Huperzine B Through Ring Closing Metathesis.
Authors: Lee Ihl Young Choi , Hong Joong Yeoun , Jung Myung Hee , Lee Hyo Won
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Molecular Structure of New Acyclic Analogues of Nucleotides with a 1,2‐Alkadienic Skeleton.
Authors: Brel Valery K. , Belsky Vitaly K. , Stash Adam I. , Zavodnik Valery E. , Stang Peter J.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of One Monolayer of Hexagonal Boron Nitride on Ni(111) from B‐Trichloroborazine (ClBNH)3.
Authors: Auwaerter Willi , Suter Hans Ulrich , Sachdev Hermann , Greber Thomas
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Peculiarities of Li0.5La0.5TiO3 Formation During the Synthesis by Solid‐State Reaction or Precipitation from Solutions.
Authors: Belous Anatolii , Yanchevskiy Oleg , V'yunov Oleg , Bohnke Odile , Bohnke Claude , Le Berre Francoise , Fourquet Jean‐Louis
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fabrication and Properties of Tantalum Film Deposited on Titanium Through LP‐CVD from TaCl5—H2.
Authors: Levesque Alexandra , Bouteville Anne
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Biologically Produced Sulfur
Authors: Kleinjahn Wilfred E. , de Keizer Arie , Janssen Albert J. H.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Quantum Chemical Calculations of Sulfur‐Rich Compounds
Authors: Wong Ming Wah
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Inorganic Polysulfanes H2Sn with n > 1
Authors: Steudel Ralf
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Polysulfido Complexes of Main Group and Transition Metals
Authors: Takeda Nobuhiro , Tokitoh Norihiro , Okazaki Renji
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Interpreting and Controlling the Structures of Six‐Coordinate Copper(II) Centers: When Is a Compression Really a Compression?
Authors: Halcrow Malcolm A.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Carbene Complexes of Metalloporphyrins and Heme Proteins
Authors: Simonneaux Gerard , Le Maux Paul
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Functionalized Organolithium Compounds: New Synthetic Adventures
Authors: Najera Carmen , Yus Miguel
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[2 + 2]‐ Photocycloadditions in the Solid State
Authors: Sonoda Yoriko
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photoremovable Protecting Groups
Authors: Givens Richard S. , Conrad, Peter G. II , Yousef Abraham L. , Lee Jong‐Ill
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
C—H Activation Approaches for the Application of Molecular Recognition to Organometallic Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Crabtree Robert H.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photoisomerization of Some Nitrogen‐Containing Heteroaromatic Compounds
Authors: Pavlik James W.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselective Lithiation of Pyridine Rings
Authors: Woltermann Christopher J. , Schwindeman James A.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pheromones and Fluorine: A Promising Future? Part 2.
Authors: Viani Fiorenza , Zanda Matteo , Pesenti Cristina , Frigerio Massimo
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Redox Properties of Non‐alternant Cyclopenta‐Fused Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: The Effect of Peripheral Pentagon Anellation
Authors: Koper Carola , Sarobe Martin , Jenneskens Leonardus W.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sports Drug Testing — An Analyst′s Perspective
Authors: Trout Graham J. , Kazlauskas Rymantas
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Theoretical Study of Nitrogen‐Rich BeN4 Compounds
Authors: Cheng Li Ping , Li Qian Shu
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Crystalline Microporous Narrow‐Bandgap Semiconductor.
Authors: Palmqvist Anders E. C. , Iversen Bo B. , Zanghellini Ezio , Behm Maarten , Stucky Galen D.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemical Bonding and Pressure‐Induced Change of the Electron Configuration of Ytterbium in β‐YbAgGa2.
Authors: Schwarz Ulrich , Schmidt Marcus , Gumeniuk Roman , Schnelle Walter , Hanfland Michael , Klementiev Konstantin , Grin Yuri
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Construction and Reactivity Screening of a Surface Composition Gradient for Combinatorial Discovery of Electro‐Oxidation Catalysts.
Authors: Jayaraman Shrisudersan , Hillier Andrew C.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Carbonate‐Containing Barium Hydroxyapatite Synthesized by Solid State Reactions.
Authors: Getman E. , Loboda S. , Ignatov A. , Demchenko P.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Two Different Three‐Dimensional Microporous Framework Structures in [Mn2(H2O)4{W (CN)8}×4H2O]n and [Mn2(H2O)4{W(CN)8} (OH)×2H2O]n.
Authors: Dong Wen , Sun Ya‐Qiu , Zhu Li‐Na , Liao Dai‐Zheng , Jiang Zong‐Hui , Yan Shi‐Ping , Cheng Peng
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Enantioselective Diethylzinc Addition to Imines Catalyzed by Chiral Cu(II)‐Oxazoline Complexes.
Authors: Li Xin , Cun Lin‐Feng , Gong Liu‐Zhu , Mi Ai‐Qiao , Jiang Yao‐Zhong
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Asymmetric Nazarov Reactions Promoted by Chiral Lewis Acid Complexes.
Authors: Aggarwal Varinder K. , Belfield Andrew J.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Allyl Acetals and Their Catalytic Claisen—Cope Rearrangement.
Authors: Nakabayashi Kazuhiro , Ooho Masato , Niino Teppei , Kitamura Tsugio , Yamaji Teizo
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Simple and Efficient Method for the Reduction of Azo Compounds
Authors: Zhang Chang‐Rui , Wang Yu‐Lu
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sequential Cross‐Metathesis/Electrophilic Fluorodesilylation: A Novel Entry to Functionalized Allylic Fluorides.
Authors: Thibaudeau Sebastien , Gouverneur Veronique
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Coupling of Heteroaryl Halides with Arylboronic Acids in the Presence of a Palladium—Tetraphosphine Catalyst.
Authors: Feuerstein Marie , Doucet Henri , Santelli Maurice
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chelation‐Controlled Intermolecular Hydroacylation: Direct Addition of Alkyl Aldehydes to Functionalized Alkenes.
Authors: Willis Michael C. , McNally Steven J. , Beswick Paul J.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recyclable and Selective Lewis Acid Catalysts for Transesterification and Direct Esterification in a Fluorous Biphase System: Tin(IV) and Hafnium(IV) Bis(perfluorooctanesulfonyl)amide Complexes.
Authors: Hao Xiuhua , Yoshida Akihiro , Nishikido Joji
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Method for the Preparation of Primary, Inverted Secondary and Tertiary Alkyl Carboxylates from Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids by a New Type of Oxidation—Reduction Condensation Using Simple 1,4‐Benzoquinone.
Authors: Shintou Taichi , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Base‐Labile tert‐Butoxycarbonyl (Boc) Group on Phenols.
Authors: Nakamura Kozo , Nakajima Takero , Kayahara Hiroshi , Nomura Eisaku , Taniguchi Hisaji
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Synthesis of Chiral α‐ and β‐Hydroxy Amides: Application to the Synthesis of (R)‐Fluoxetine.
Authors: Kakei Hiroyuki , Nemoto Tetsuhiro , Ohshima Takashi , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N‐Trialkylsilylimines as Coupling Partners for Pd‐Catalyzed C—N Bond‐Forming Reactions: One‐Step Synthesis of Imines and Azadienes from Aryl and Alkenyl Bromides.
Authors: Barluenga Jose , Aznar Fernando , Valdes Carlos
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel 3,4‐Bis(sulfenyl)‐ or 4‐Selenenyl‐3‐sulfenylpenta‐2,4‐dienylation of Aldehydes Using 4‐Ethoxy‐1,2‐bis(sulfenyl)‐ or 1‐Selenenyl‐2‐sulfenylbuta‐1,3‐dienyl Lithiums.
Authors: Yoshimatsu Mitsuhiro , Matsuura Yasutaka , Gotoh Kohei
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
“Syn‐Effect” in the Desilylation Reaction of γ‐Silylated Allylic and Vinylic Sulfones.
Authors: Guha Samar Kumar , Ukaji Yutaka , Inomata Katsuhiko
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Chiral Diamide Ligands Containing Redox‐Active Hydroquinone Groups. Synthesis and Results in the Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Diacetoxylation of 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Verboom Renzo C. , Plietker Bernd J. , Baeckvall Jan‐E.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Exploration of Ionic Liquids as Soluble Supports for Organic Synthesis. Demonstration with a Suzuki Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Miao Weishi , Chan Tak Hang
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Soluble Pentacene Precursors for the Application of Organic Thin‐Film Transistors.
Authors: Suh Kyung Soo , et al. et al.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Sequential Alkylation—Alkenylation Reactions: New Three‐Component Coupling Leading to Oxacycles.
Authors: Pache Sandrine , Lautens Mark
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions Towards the Synthesis of Well‐Defined Thiophene‐Oligomers.
Authors: Hassan Jwanro , Gozzi Christel , Schulz Emmanuelle , Lemaire Marc
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N‐Benzylindole‐2‐carboxylic Acids: Potent Functional Antagonists of the CCR2b Chemokine Receptor.
Authors: Kettle Jason G. , Faull Alan W. , Barker Andy J. , Davies D. Huw , Stone Michael A.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Polar Substitutions in the Benzenesulfonamide Ring of Celecoxib Afford a Potent 1,5‐Diarylpyrazole Class of COX‐2 Inhibitors.
Authors: Singh Sunil K. , Reddy P. Ganapati , Rao K. Srinivasa , Lohray Braj B. , Misra P. , Rajjak Shaikh A. , Rao Yeleswarapu K. , Venkateswarlu A.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Anthranilate 4H‐Oxazol‐5‐ones: Novel Small Molecule Antibacterial Acyl Carrier Protein Synthase (AcpS) Inhibitors
Authors: Gilbert Adam M. , et al. et al.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Annulation of Terminal Alkynes: Synthesis of Coumarins and 2‐Quinolones.
Authors: Kadnikov Dmitry V. , Larock Richard C.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Design and Synthesis of a Series of Chlorinated 3‐Deazaadenine Analogues.
Authors: Seley Katherine L. , O'Daniel Peter I. , Salim Samer
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1,2‐Diaryl‐1‐ethanone and Pyrazolo[4,3‐c]quinoline‐4‐one as Novel Selective Cyclooxygenase‐2 Inhibitors
Authors: Baruah Bipul , Dasu Kavitha , Vaitilingam Balasubramanian , Vanguri Akhila , Casturi Seshagiri Rao , Yeleswarapu Koteswar Rao
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Modulation of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor and 5‐HT1A Antagonists Activity in 8‐Aza‐bicyclo[3.2.1]octane Derivatives of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1,4‐benzodioxane.
Authors: Gilbert Adam M. , Stack Gary P. , Nilakantan Ramaswamy , Kodah Jason , Tran Megan , Scerni Rosemary , Shi Xiaojie , Smith Deborah L. , Andree Terrance H.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reaction of Fullerene C60 with 2‐Azido‐4,6‐diphenylpyrimidine.
Authors: Romanova I. P. , Yusupova G. G. , Yakhvarov D. G. , Larionova O. A. , Mochul'skaya N. N. , Sidorova L. P. , Charushin V. N. , Zverev V. V. , Sinyashin O. G.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereochemical Models for Rh‐Catalyzed Amination Reactions of Chiral Sulfamates.
Authors: Wehn Paul M. , Lee Jihee , Du Bois J.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The First Catalytic Highly Enantioselective Alkylation of Ketimines — A Novel Approach to Optically Active Quaternary α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Saaby Steen , Nakama Kimitaka , Lie Mette Alstrup , Hazell Rita G. , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ligand‐Free Palladium Catalyzed Heck Reaction of Methyl 2‐Acetamido Acrylate and Aryl Bromides as Key Step in the Synthesis of Enantiopure Substituted Phenylalanines.
Authors: Willians Charlotte E. , Mulders Jan M. C. A. , de Vries Johannes G. , de Vries Andre H. M.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Base Substituted 2‐Hydroxy‐3‐(purin‐9‐yl)propanoic Acids and 4‐(Purin‐9‐yl)‐3‐butenoic Acids.
Authors: Dolakova Petra , Masojidkova Milena , Holy Antonin
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of an Advanced Precursor to the Amino Epimer of (+)‐Pyloricidins.
Authors: Tang Chao‐Jun , Shen Xin , Wu Yikang
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Intramolecular Formal oxa‐[3 + 3] Cycloaddition Approach to the ABD System (II) of Phomactin A (III).
Authors: Cole Kevin P. , Hsung Richard P.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of the Polycyclic Ring Systems of Artocarpol A and D.
Authors: Paduraru M. Peggy , Wilson Peter D.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Sulfur‐Containing Aryl‐Aldehyde Schiff Bases.
Authors: Jiang Jyh‐Jia , Chang Tsu‐Chung , Hsu Wen‐lin , Hwang Jing‐Min , Hsu Ling‐Yih
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microcomposites Based on Superconducting Cuprates
Authors: Kazin P. E. , Tretyakov Yu. D.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Detection and Amplification of Chirality by Helical Polymers
Authors: Yashima Eiji , Maeda Katsuhiro , Nishimura Tatsuya
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Addition Reactions of Strongly Coordinating Nucleophiles
Authors: Kanemasa Shuji
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fluorinated Carbonyl and Olefinic Compounds: Basic Character and Asymmetric Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Mikami Koichi , Itoh Yoshimitsu , Yamanaka Masahiro
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Uses of exo‐Glycals
Authors: Taillefumier Claude , Chapleur Yves
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
High Oxidation State Organometallic Chemistry in Aqueous Media: New Opportunities for Catalysis and Electrocatalysis.
Authors: Poli Rinaldo
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Representation of Combinatorial Libraries
Authors: Maclean Derek , Martin Eric J.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Glycolurils
Authors: Sliwa Wanda , Matusiak Grazyna , Peszke Jerzy
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Reactions and Structures for Peptidomimetic Drug Design
Authors: Goodman Murray , Baker Tracy J. , Smith Nicole , Creighton Chris J. , Luedtke Nathan W. , Tor Yitzhak
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
γ‐Fluorinated Analogues of Glutamic Acid and Glutamine
Authors: Dave R. , Badet B. , Meffre P.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Dissociative Reduction of C—X and X—X Bonds (X = O, S)
Authors: Maran Flavio , Wayner Danial D. M. , Workentin Mark S.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Trigonal Prismatic or not Trigonal Prismatic? Mechanisms of Oxygen‐Atom Transfer in Molybdopterin‐Based Enzymes
Authors: Kaupp Martin
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Relative Hardness as a Measure of Aromaticity
Authors: De Proft F. , Geerlings P.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ring Currents and Magnetic Properties of C48N12 Dodecaaza[60‐S6]fullerenes
Authors: Viglione Rosario G. , Zanasi Riccardo
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ring Carbo‐mers of “Aromatic” Heterocycles
Authors: Lepetit Christine , Peyrou Viviane , Chauvin Remi
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemical Exchange in NMR
Authors: Bain Alex D.
Published: March 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cigarette advertising and female smoking prevalence in Spain, 1982–1997
Authors: Shafey Omar , Fernández Esteve , Thun Michael , Schiaffino Anna , Dolwick Suzanne , Cokkinides Vilma
Published: March 2004

BACKGROUND

Compared with northern Europe and the U.S., the widespread initiation of cigarette smoking began 20–40 years later among young women in Spain because of strong cultural prohibitions against female smoking. In this study, the authors examined the correlation between the rapid increase in female smoking prevalence and tobacco industry cigarette marketing practices in Spain during a period of rapid social liberalization.

METHODS

The authors examined age‐specific, period‐specific, and birth cohort‐specific increases in cigarette smoking among young women in Spain in relation to internal documents from Philip Morris beginning in 1971, cigarette advertising from 1982 to 1997, and the increase in the market share of blond tobacco and “light” cigarettes preferred by women.

RESULTS

Some increase in cigarette smoking occurred among Spanish women before 1970, but the increase was substantially smaller and occurred later than in many Western countries. However, after 1970, the prevalence of cigarette smoking increased rapidly in Spanish women of all ages < 50 years. The rapid increase in female smoking coincided with massive increases in television advertising, especially to women, and increases in the market share of blond tobacco, “light cigarettes,” and international tobacco brands.

CONCLUSIONS

The increase in cigarette smoking among young Spanish women illustrates how aggressive marketing can exploit periods of social liberalization and rapidly increase cigarette smoking among women, even in countries in which female smoking traditionally has been unacceptable. Strategies are needed to prevent similar increases in smoking by women elsewhere. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Racial differences in diagnosis, treatment, and clinical delays in a population‐based study of patients with newly diagnosed breast carcinoma
Authors: Gwyn Karin , Bondy Melissa L. , Cohen Deborah S. , Lund Mary Jo , Liff Jonathan M. , Flagg Elaine W. , Brinton Louise A. , Eley J. William , Coates Ralph J.
Published: March 2004

BACKGROUND

Few studies have addressed the issue of whether delays in the interval between medical consultation and the diagnosis and treatment of breast carcinoma are greater for African American women than for white women. The authors examined differences with respect to these delays and analyzed the factors that may have contributed to such differences among women ages 20–54 years who had invasive breast carcinoma diagnosed between 1990 and 1992 and who lived in Atlanta, Georgia.

METHODS

A total of 251 African American women and 580 white women were interviewed and had their medical records reviewed. The authors estimated racial differences in delay times and used polytomous logistic regression to determine the contributions of various factors (socioeconomic and other) to these differences.

RESULTS

Although most women in both groups were treated within 3 months of initial consultation, 22.4% of African American women and 14.3% of white women had clinical delays of > 3 months. Compared with white women, African American women were more likely to experience delays in diagnosis and treatment. Access to care (as represented by method of detection and insurance status) and poverty index partially accounted for these differences in delay time; however, racial differences in terms of delayed treatment and diagnosis remained even after adjustment for contributing factors.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of the current study suggest that among women ages 20–54 years who have breast carcinoma, potentially clinically significant differences in terms of delayed diagnosis and treatment exist between African American women and white women. Improvements in access to care and in socioeconomic circumstances may address these differences to some degree, but additional research is needed to identify other contributing factors. Cancer 2004. Published 2004 American Cancer Society.
Monitoring of apoptosis in intact single cells with photothermal microscope
Authors: Lapotko Dmitri
Published: March 2004

Background

The methods for detection of apoptosis, cannot as a rule be applied to intact single cells and do not allow monitoring of the cell population. The photothermal (PT) method was evaluated for detection and monitoring of apoptosis in single intact cells—lymphocytes and blasts.

Methods

PT microscopy is based on optical registration of cell response to the thermal impact that is induced in a cell due to absorption of a short laser pulse (532 nm, 10 ns) by cellular hem‐proteins. With no pretreatment of cells, optical detection of cellular response with this method may allow monitoring of apoptosis. The PT method was applied for in vitro studies of lymphocytes and K562 blast cells during drug‐induced apoptosis. Dexamethasone in 10 μM concentration was used and cell properties were monitored for 6 h.

Results

PT parameters of cells deviated from control after incubation with Dexamethasone. Control measurements with fluorescent microscopy (using the Annexin‐V‐FLUOS kit) verified the development of apoptosis in drug‐treated cells, while there was no development of necrosis. Also necrotic cells had PT properties similar to those of control cells. The PT method allowed the detection of the influence of Dexamethasone at earlier stages (2‐hr incubation) than the fluorescent technique (4 h).

Conclusions

Results obtained confirmed the applicability of PT microscopy for detection and monitoring of apoptosis in single intact cells. The sensitivity of the suggested method may exceed the sensitivity of fluorescent methods. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Absence of cross‐reactivity between murine Ly‐6C and Ly‐6G
Authors: Nagendra Sanjai , Schlueter Annette J.
Published: March 2004

Background

The Ly‐6 family has many members, including Ly‐6C and Ly‐6G. A previous study suggested that the anti‐Ly‐6G antibody, RB6‐8C5, may react with Ly‐6Chi murine bone marrow (BM) cells. This finding has been interpreted as cross‐reactivity of RB6‐8C5 with the Ly‐6C antigen, and has been generalized to many hematopoietic cell types, using the terminology Ly‐6G/C. The present study was undertaken to determine whether anti‐Ly‐6G antibodies truly cross‐react with the Ly‐6C antigen on multiple hematopoietic cell types.

Methods

Splenocytes, thymocytes, and BM cells obtained from Ly‐6.1 and Ly‐6.2 strains of mice were stained with a variety of antibodies to Ly‐6C and Ly‐6G. Flow cytometric analysis was performed on these populations.

Results

Evaluation of anti‐Ly‐6C and anti‐Ly‐6G staining showed only Ly‐6C expression and no Ly‐6G expression on subsets of splenic T and B cells and thymocytes from Ly‐6.1 and Ly‐6.2 mice. Bone marrow cells were identified that express both Ly‐6G and Ly‐6C; no Ly‐6G+Ly‐6C− populations were seen.

Conclusions

Multiple Ly‐6C+ hematopoietic cell populations were identified that do not stain with anti‐Ly‐6G antibodies. This calls into question the use of the Ly‐6G/C nomenclature and suggests that epitopes recognized by anti‐Ly‐6G antibodies should simply be designated Ly‐6G. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.