bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lateral Exchange Markets: How Social Platforms Operate in a Networked Economy
Authors: Perren Rebeca , Kozinets Robert V.
Published: September 2017

Lateral exchange markets (LEMs) are sites of technologically intermediated exchange between actors occupying equivalent network positions. To develop an enriched understanding of these markets, the authors develop a more broad-based and differentiated understanding of peer-to-peer, sharing, and access-based markets. They focus on two key axes: the extent of (1) consociality and (2) platform intermediation. Drawing on these attributes, the authors theoretically deduce four ideal types—Forums, Enablers, Matchmakers, and Hubs. Each type provides value in a different way: Forums connect actors, Enablers equip actors, Matchmakers pair actors, and Hubs centralize exchange. Twenty organizational cases reveal insights into the failure, adaptation, and success of LEMs. Lateral exchange markets shift responsibility for personal and exchange security to relevant personal actors, to institutions, or to the governing algorithms of technology platforms. Extending the general proposition that sociality increasingly infuses market logics, the findings suggest a new frontier in which social resources and software platform algorithms interact as operand resources whose negative consequences (e.g., opportunism) require careful management through assurances and institutional arrangements matched to the type of LEM operation.
How Deviations from Performance Norms Impact Charitable Donations
Authors: Allen Alexis M. , Eilert Meike , Peloza John
Published: September 2017

Although the actions of others can influence a consumer's behavior, these actions are often at odds with performance norms. For example, charities can experience relatively low rates of support (resulting in a negative deviation from a performance norm) or relatively high rates of support (resulting in a positive deviation from a performance norm). Previous research provides evidence of the equivocal effects of these deviations, with both positive and negative deviations motivating prosocial behaviors. The current research reconciles these competing findings by introducing construal as a moderator. Across four studies, the authors find that positive deviations from performance norms motivate prosocial behavior for independent donors, whereas negative deviations from performance norms motivate prosocial behavior for interdependent donors. They further show that these effects are driven by a prevention focus associated with interdependent consumers and a promotion focus associated with independent consumers. The article concludes with implications for the marketing of charities and prosocial behaviors.
When and how Managers' Responses to Online Reviews Affect Subsequent Reviews
Authors: Wang Yang , Chaudhry Alexander
Published: September 2017

In this study, the authors investigate the externalities of managers' responses (MRs) to online reviews on popular travel websites. Specifically, the authors examine the effect of publicly responding to hotel guests' reviews on subsequent reviewer ratings. The authors find that manager responses to negative reviews (MR-N) can significantly influence subsequent opinion in a positive way if those responses are observable at the time of reviewing. Notably, the findings show this externality to be negative for manager responses to positive reviews (MR-P). The authors conduct a topic analysis on review texts and corresponding MRs to study the moderating role of response tailoring on the opinion externalities of MR. The authors show that tailored MR amplifies the positive (negative) impact of MR-N (MR-P) on subsequent opinion. Intuitively, tailoring an MR-N adds specificity to the hotel's complaint management strategy, bolstering the positive effects of MR-N on subsequent opinion. However, by highlighting specific positive elements of a review, managers' intent for responding is brought into question as they take advantage of reviewers' positive feedback to promote their hotel.
Cross-listed Securities and Multiple Exchange Memberships: Demand Differentiability and Equilibrium Existence
Authors: Faias Marta , Luque Jaime
Published: September 2017

The previous literature on general equilibrium has assumed that all traders belong to a single market. However, traders often participate in more than one exchange to diversify their portfolios. Moreover, there is evidence that the security listings of exchanges overlap. Our model captures these facts: there are multiple exchanges, the same security is listed in different exchanges, and traders can belong to more than one exchange. We show that, in the presence of convex transaction costs, there exists an equilibrium, and that individual demand is a continuously differentiable function in prices.
Using token-based semantic vector spaces for corpus-linguistic analyses: From practical applications to tests of theoretical claims
Authors: Hilpert Martin , Correia Saavedra David
Published: September 2017

This paper presents token-based semantic vector spaces as a tool that can be applied in corpus-linguistic analyses such as word sense comparisons, comparisons of synonymous lexical items, and matching of concordance lines with a given text. We demonstrate how token-based semantic vector spaces are created, and we illustrate the kinds of result that can be obtained with this approach. Our main argument is that token-based semantic vector spaces are not only useful for practical corpus-linguistic applications but also for the investigation of theory-driven questions. We illustrate this point with a discussion of the asymmetric priming hypothesis (Jäger and Rosenbach 2008). The asymmetric priming hypothesis, which states that grammaticalizing constructions will be primed by their lexical sources but not vice versa, makes a number of empirically testable predictions. We operationalize and test these predictions, concluding that token-based semantic vector spaces yield conclusions that are relevant for linguistic theory-building.
Subjunctions as Discourse Markers? About Appropriate Arguments on the Topic ‘Insubordinate Subordination’
Authors: Abraham Werner
Published: September 2017

The present paper is about types of seeming subordination (i.e. subordination by form), which in fact bears all distributional assets of insubordination. Yet, such insubordinate subordination is characterized by sentential autonomy in terms of illocutive force (i.e., it is not only presupposed as subordinates usually are). It will be shown that a reliable diagnostic is provided by the selection of modal particles in the narrow sense, which German and Dutch excel in. It will be illustrated that even the property of matrix V2 as opposed to subordinate Vfinal, otherwise a reliable diagnostic in German and Dutch, are not sufficient conditions for subordination vs. matrix status, sentential presupposition vs. assertive status, and independent (autonomous) illocutive force vs. dependent (inherited) illocutive force. Modal particles play a major diagnostic role in this categorial dichotomy. It will be argued that since formal subordination is an insufficient condition for the separation of formal and notional independence of sentential autonomy the theory of sentence types will have fundamentally to be modified with the main asset of a thorough notional rather than formal definition of sentential autonomy.
A Comparison of Methods for Estimating the Determinant of High-Dimensional Covariance Matrix
Authors: Hu Zongliang , Dong Kai , Dai Wenlin , Tong Tiejun
Published: September 2017

The determinant of the covariance matrix for high-dimensional data plays an important role in statistical inference and decision. It has many real applications including statistical tests and information theory. Due to the statistical and computational challenges with high dimensionality, little work has been proposed in the literature for estimating the determinant of high-dimensional covariance matrix. In this paper, we estimate the determinant of the covariance matrix using some recent proposals for estimating high-dimensional covariance matrix. Specifically, we consider a total of eight covariance matrix estimation methods for comparison. Through extensive simulation studies, we explore and summarize some interesting comparison results among all compared methods. We also provide practical guidelines based on the sample size, the dimension, and the correlation of the data set for estimating the determinant of high-dimensional covariance matrix. Finally, from a perspective of the loss function, the comparison study in this paper may also serve as a proxy to assess the performance of the covariance matrix estimation.
A Linear “Microscope” for Interventions and Counterfactuals
Authors: Pearl Judea
Published: September 2017

This note illustrates, using simple examples, how causal questions of non-trivial character can be represented, analyzed and solved using linear analysis and path diagrams. By producing closed form solutions, linear analysis allows for swift assessment of how various features of the model impact the questions under investigation. We discuss conditions for identifying total and direct effects, representation and identification of counterfactual expressions, robustness to model misspecification, and generalization across populations.
Variability in /s/ among transgender speakers: Evidence for a socially grounded account of gender and sibilants
Authors: Zimman Lal
Published: September 2017

Sibilant consonants are well-established as resources for the negotiation of gender and sexuality, but the origin of these links is less clearly agreed upon. Some researchers have pointed to sex differentiation in the vocal anatomy as a potential cause for gender differences in /s/, though a review of the literature indicates that learned articulatory patterns play a critical role. This article focuses on the spectral qualities of /s/ among 15 English-speaking transgender men and transmasculine individuals. Because their early socialization and physiological development is not normatively aligned with their self-defined gender identities, trans people are well-positioned to illuminate the relative contribution of physiology and identity to the gendered voice. Two analyses are presented, one of which focuses on inter-speaker variation among all 15 participants, and the other of which compares one bilingual speaker’s productions of /s/ in English and Spanish. Together, these analyses demonstrate that sex category does not determine the gender-linked acoustic characteristics of /s/. Instead, a more complex, multidimensional framework for gender that distinguishes between gender assignment, role, identity, and presentation is necessary to account for the full range of gendered phonetic styles that speakers can employ and hence to understand the process through which gendered voices arise.
On the influence of coronal sibilants and stops on the perception of social meanings in Copenhagen Danish
Authors: Pharao Nicolai , Maegaard Marie
Published: September 2017

Previous studies have shown that the same sociolinguistic feature can be used as a sociolinguistic resource with different indexical potentials in different linguistic as well as social contexts. In this paper we present the results of a perceptual study of indexical meanings of fronted and palatalized variants of /t/ in combination with fronted /s/ in different registers of Copenhagen Danish. The data consist of responses to male speakers’ use of the two variants of /t/ in two different registers that we label “modern Copenhagen speech” and “street language.” Results show that the palatalized /t/ affects the indexicality of fronted /s/ with respect to perceived femininity and gayness when it occurs in “modern Copenhagen,” where fronted /s/ has previously been shown to index these traits. However, the variation has a different and less significant effect when occurring in “street language.” Furthermore, the effect is only found in “modern Copenhagen” if the speaker has not previously been heard to produce a fronted /s/. We discuss the implications for theories of the relation between features and clusters of features in listeners’ perceptions.
Tracing the indexicalization of the notion “Helsinki s”
Authors: Halonen Mia , Vaattovaara Johanna
Published: September 2017

Earlier research has concluded that there is a strong symbolic relationship between Helsinki as a place and non-standard /s/ pronunciation. This phenomenon is likewise in continuous evidence in the Finnish media and social media. The notion of “Helsinki s” has become a folk linguistic fact although it lacks a clear linguistic correlate or even status as a linguistic fact. The only sibilant of the Finnish language is officially a voiceless alveolar, while the “Helsinki s” is most often discussed as “hissing”, “sharp” or “fronted”. However, according to recent research based on listening tasks, any /s/ may be designated and discussed as a “Helsinki s” if the speaker is regarded as a Helsinki speaker according to other criteria. The present article seeks to trace a development path to illustrate the layered semiotic processes that has led Finnish society to construct “Helsinki s”. In exploring the indexicalization process of this folk notion, the article focuses in particular on the origins and the circumstances under which /s/ pronunciation started to gain social recognition in Finnish society. The ideological link between the socially meaningful /s/ pronunciation and Helsinki is traced back to the early industrialization and urbanization era and (media) discourses of Helsinki in the late 19th century. The present-day associations and the 150-year path of “Helsinki s” are discussed.
Mero no es un mero adjetivo
Authors: Pato Enrique
Published: September 2017

This article focuses on the analysis of the adjectival and adverbial values of
On the history of radical-final palatalization in Romanian conjugation: the interaction of phonetic phenomena with non-phonetic
Authors: Elson Mark J.
Published: September 2017

This paper examines the reflexes in Romanian conjugation of Proto-Romance palatalization in radical-final position, i.e., the final consonant of lexical morphemes. It offers an explanation for instances of the absence of the expected reflex, which is relatively frequent in palatalization via the palatal glide as opposed to palatalization via front vowels. It considers both phonetic and non-phonetic factors, including, in its consideration of the present tense, the possibility of Slavic influence, arguing that contact within the Balkan Sprachbund provides an explanation, otherwise unavailable, of the distribution of radical-final palatalization in that paradigm. In view of the likelihood of such influence, it concludes with a general discussion of morphological interference in situations of language contact, a type of interference – as opposed to lexical, derivational, and syntactic interference – which some have questioned.
Assessment of Compaction Quality Based on Two Index Parameters from Roller-Integrated Compaction Measurements
Authors: Nie Z.-H. , Jiao T. , Wang X. , Qiu T.
Published: September 2017

The average degree and uniformity of compaction are two important aspects of continuous compaction control. This paper presents the development and assessment of two new indices for evaluating the average degree and uniformity of field compaction. The proposed index δ accounts for measured compaction values and their corresponding area. The proposed index R relates to the spatial distribution of undercompacted areas. In situ compaction data collected from five subgrade sections are used to assess the applicability of the proposed indices. The results show that the combination of δ and R is capable of comprehensively evaluating field compaction quality. It is found that δ < 1 % and R > 0.5 can be used as the acceptance criteria for average degree of compaction and spatial uniformity of compaction, respectively.
Weak Higher-Order Interactions in Macroscopic Functional Networks of the Resting Brain
Authors: Huang Xuhui , Xu Kaibin , Chu Congying , Jiang Tianzi , Yu Shan
Published: September 2017

Interactions among different brain regions are usually examined through functional connectivity (FC) analysis, which is exclusively based on measuring pairwise correlations in activities. However, interactions beyond the pairwise level, that is, higher-order interactions (HOIs), are vital in understanding the behavior of many complex systems. So far, whether HOIs exist among brain regions and how they can affect the brain's activities remains largely elusive. To address these issues, here, we analyzed blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals recorded from six typical macroscopic functional networks of the brain in 100 human subjects (46 males and 54 females) during the resting state. Through examining the binarized BOLD signals, we found that HOIs within and across individual networks were both very weak regardless of the network size, topology, degree of spatial proximity, spatial scales, and whether the global signal was regressed. To investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the weak HOIs, we analyzed the dynamics of a network model and also found that HOIs were generally weak within a wide range of key parameters provided that the overall dynamic feature of the model was similar to the empirical data and it was operating close to a linear fluctuation regime. Our results suggest that weak HOI may be a general property of brain's macroscopic functional networks, which implies the dominance of pairwise interactions in shaping brain activities at such a scale and warrants the validity of widely used pairwise-based FC approaches.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo explain how activities of different brain areas are coordinated through interactions is essential to revealing the mechanisms underlying various brain functions. Traditionally, such an interaction structure is commonly studied using pairwise-based functional network analyses. It is unclear whether the interactions beyond the pairwise level (higher-order interactions or HOIs) play any role in this process. Here, we show that HOIs are generally weak in macroscopic brain networks. We also suggest a possible dynamical mechanism that may underlie this phenomenon. These results provide plausible explanation for the effectiveness of widely used pairwise-based approaches in analyzing brain networks. More importantly, it reveals a previously unknown, simple organization of the brain's macroscopic functional systems.
It's easier to get along with the quiet neighbours
Authors: Hurst Laurence D
Published: September 2017

Why are neighbouring genes co‐expressed at the RNA level? While it is tempting to think that this is to enable coordination of functionally related proteins, analysis of human proteomics data by Rappsilber and colleagues (Kustatscher et al, ) suggests this is the exception not the rule. Rather it might either be just something that happens or, in some instances, an epiphenomenon of coordination of expression to enable reduced gene expression noise.
Adolescencia digitalizada: una mirada desde la pedagogía.
Authors: Mariño Fernández Raquel , Rial Sánchez Antonio
Published: September 2017

El trabajo que se presenta a continuación surge de la reflexión que desde el Área de la Didáctica y la Pedagogía nos suscitan los resultados aportados por la reciente investigación realizada por las profesoras Delia Crovi (UNAM) y Luz Mª Garay (UPN),  México, sobre la juventud universitaria y el uso que hacen de las redes sociales en siete universidades de dicho país. En la investigación Jóvenes y Cultura Digital. Nuevos escenarios de interacción social, se aplicaron 1,548 cuestionarios a estudiantes de educación pública y privada, de nivel medio superior y superior, con el fin de identificar y sistematizar las características de los procesos de interacción, participación y habilidades digitales que despliegan los jóvenes estudiantes al usar redes digitales. A la vista de los resultados obtenidos se arrojan nuevos retos educativos que permitan integrar estas herramientas tecnológicas en las esferas del saber, pero con un enfoque didáctico y pedagógico que nos permita transformar estas competencias digitales en competencias del saber, saber ser, saber hacer y saber estar. O lo que es lo mismo, enseñarles a transformar información en conocimiento
Filamentation Involves Two Overlapping, but Distinct, Programs of Filamentation in the Pathogenic Fungus Candida albicans
Authors: Azadmanesh Jahaun , Gowen Austin M , Creger Paul E , Schafer Nichole D , Blankenship Jill R
Published: September 2017

The ability of the human pathogenic fungus Candida albicans to switch between yeast-like and filamentous forms of growth has long been linked to pathogenesis. Numerous environmental conditions, including growth at high temperatures, nutrient limitation, and exposure to serum, can trigger this morphological switch and are frequently used in in vitro models to identify genes with roles in filamentation. Previous work has suggested that differences exist between the various in vitro models both in the genetic requirements for filamentation and transcriptional responses to distinct filamentation-inducing media, but these differences had not been analyzed in detail. We compared 10 in vitro models for filamentation and found broad genetic and transcriptomic differences between model systems. The comparative analysis enabled the discovery of novel media-independent genetic requirements for filamentation as well as a core filamentation transcriptional profile. Our data also suggest that the physical environment drives distinct programs of filamentation in C. albicans, which has significant implications for filamentation in vivo.
Inference of Distribution of Fitness Effects and Proportion of Adaptive Substitutions from Polymorphism Data
Authors: Tataru Paula , Mollion Maéva , Glémin Sylvain , Bataillon Thomas
Published: September 2017

The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) encompasses the fraction of deleterious, neutral, and beneficial mutations. It conditions the evolutionary trajectory of populations, as well as the rate of adaptive molecular evolution (α). Inferring DFE and α from patterns of polymorphism, as given through the site frequency spectrum (SFS) and divergence data, has been a longstanding goal of evolutionary genetics. A widespread assumption shared by previous inference methods is that beneficial mutations only contribute negligibly to the polymorphism data. Hence, a DFE comprising only deleterious mutations tends to be estimated from SFS data, and α is then predicted by contrasting the SFS with divergence data from an outgroup. We develop a hierarchical probabilistic framework that extends previous methods to infer DFE and α from polymorphism data alone. We use extensive simulations to examine the performance of our method. While an outgroup is still needed to obtain an unfolded SFS, we show that both a DFE, comprising both deleterious and beneficial mutations, and α can be inferred without using divergence data. We also show that not accounting for the contribution of beneficial mutations to polymorphism data leads to substantially biased estimates of the DFE and α. We compare our framework with one of the most widely used inference methods available and apply it on a recently published chimpanzee exome data set.
Las formas de apoyo educativo al estudiantado con discapacidad o con necesidades educativas en la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica y sus implicaciones en su formación profesional
Authors: Fontana  Hernández Angélica , Vargas Dengo Marie Claire
Published: September 2017

Este artículo presenta las formas de apoyo educativo a la población estudiantil en condición de discapacidad o con necesidades educativas en el ámbito universitario y sus implicaciones en su formación profesional según los resultados obtenidos en el Proyecto (FIDA) Percepciones y realidades en la atención de las necesidades educativas: propuesta de desarrollo profesional y su  implementación en la Universidad Nacional (código 0524-10) del año 2012 al 2015. En este estudio participaron 191 estudiantes (76 hombres y 115 mujeres) matriculados en distintas carreras de las sedes de la UNA (Central, Brunca y Chorotega) y 427 personal académico (181 hombres y 246 mujeres). La metodología responde al enfoque cualitativo y se realizaron 15 talleres con estudiantes y 65 entrevistas individuales para recabar sus apreciaciones. Se determinó que solo una parte del estudiantado recibe atención individual (dentro y fuera de las sesiones de clase) y en ocasiones tutorías (en Inglés, Matemática y Química) por parte del personal académico de la institución en la sede Central. En la evaluación, se les facilita mayor tiempo para la realización de las pruebas e instrucciones individuales durante la misma; asimismo para elaborar trabajos de investigación. Un aspecto que se destaca, es que la mayoría del estudiantado de las Sedes Regionales  de la UNA expresó que su opinión no es tomada en cuenta por el personal académico para determinar y aplicar los ajustes en la metodología ni la evaluación de los cursos que imparten. Mientras que en la Sede Central, la mayor parte del grupo conversan con el personal académico para definir por lo menos un  tipo ajuste o apoyo educativo.
Los Derechos Humanos en la formación del profesorado. Feminicidios paradigmáticos en la Provincia de La Pampa, Argentina
Authors: Siderac Silvia , Páez Ana Claudia
Published: September 2017

Este artículo da cuenta de la experiencia llevada a cabo a partir de la muestra fotográfica: “La violencia en foco. Tres feminicidios paradigmáticos pampeanos” que fue realizada en el interior de la comunidad educativa de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas de la Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, en forma conjunta con la organización feminista “Mujeres por la Solidaridad” en el marco de un programa cultural de la Secretaría de Cultura y Extensión de la UNLPam. Las personas integrantes de esta actividad fueron docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y estudiantes de diversos profesorados. Los objetivos de la muestra fueron: construir un espacio educativo en relación con los derechos humanos, visibilizar los tres feminicidios de la sociedad pampeana, trabajar de forma colaborativa aunando actores sociales de la universidad y la comunidad, y hacer de esta experiencia una instancia de formación pedagógica. La metodología es de carácter cualitativo y a través de las fotos que se presentan, estudiantes universitarias de carreras de profesorados trabajan con las categorías teóricas de violencia de género y diferentes tipos de violencia de género, avenimiento, femicidio y feminicidio en conjunto con estudiantes de secundaria. El objetivo de esta experiencia fue realizar un trabajo que permitiera integrar las funciones universitarias de docencia, investigación y extensión a partir de una problemática social tan sensible como lo son los feminicidios en la Argentina.
Paz con garantías de vida y territorio para los campesinos colombianos. Una lucha que no nos cueste la vida. “Defendamos a nuestros defensores y defensoras”
Authors: Lledín Vitos Julia , Campos Suárez Elda Carolina
Published: September 2017

El presente artículo recoge los principales resultados de una investigación llevada a cabo por las autoras, como parte del Comité Permanente por la Defensa de los Derechos Humano,s sobre la situación de seguridad de los sujetos defensores de derechos humanos (DDH) en contextos rurales de Colombia. La investigación incluyó entrevistas con organizaciones e instituciones que trabajan el tema de protección, la aplicación de una encuesta a 174 DDH de 12 departamentos del país y la realización de 7 talleres regionales con la participación de 150 defensores y defensoras, donde se utilizaron metodologías participativas de análisis de riesgo e investigación. A partir del análisis de la información se concluyó que la mayoría había sido víctima de algún tipo de agresión por motivo de su labor. Sus riesgos en Colombia se relacionan con el conflicto armado, pero también con las luchas por la tierra y el territorio. Los entes responsables de las agresiones son, fundamentalmente, los grupos paramilitares sucesores y los agentes del Estado, especialmente del Ejército. Como consecuencia de la investigación, se estableció que la protección en los contextos rurales requiere respuestas diferenciales por parte del Estado; estas deben responder a una combinación de medidas individuales y colectivas de prevención, protección y autoprotección, que se han mostrado eficaces desde la experiencia de la gente.
Algunos diptongos del español en la Gran Área Metropolitana de Costa Rica: Análisis fonético fonológico
Authors: Calvo Shadid Annette , Ortega Rodríguez Manuel
Published: September 2017

Este artículo reporta la toma de datos y el análisis fonético articulatorio de la pronunciación de algunos diptongos del español de la Gran Área Metropolitana de Costa Rica. Hallamos que la consonantización en los diptongos en posición inicial no parece ser un rasgo característico de la población de esta región, al menos en el habla cuidadosa, y concluimos que fonológicamente existen diptongos en posición inicial en el español. Además, la consonatización, cuando ocurre, es más común ante hue- que ante hie-. Por otra parte, los hiatos en posición interna de palabra no se pronuncian como tales, sino que se suelen articular como diptongos, en tanto que el diptongo en construir se suele articular como hiato. Las excepciones importantes y la distribución por sexo, edad y escolaridad son también discutidas. De esta manera, esperamos aportar al denso debate sobre el problemático estatus fonológico en el español de diptongos en posición inicial, y de confluencia de vocales en general.
La representación estética del paisaje urbano en la obra del arquitecto Rafael “Felo” García
Authors: Mejías Cubero Rodolfo
Published: September 2017

En la obra del arquitecto Rafael Felo García, vemos cómo el atractivo plástico del paisaje del tugurio se traduce en ropas tendidas, antenas, cables, tejados, ventanas, puertas, calles, aglomeraciones y demás efectos escenográficos del paisaje urbano, se convierten en el motivo de su composición plástica. Esta investigación busca documentar y analizar una pequeña muestra representativa de las obras de García entre 1957 y 2003, como un medio a través del cual podemos identificar los elementos de la representación estética utilizada por el autor como representación pictórica de componentes, tanto del diseño arquitectónico como elementos del paisaje urbano representativos.
Propuesta de explotación de un corpus electrónico ad hoc en la clase de traducción especializada
Authors: Pérez Fernández Lucila María
Published: September 2017

Tras comprobar una bajada drástica en la calidad de las traducciones de los alumnos que se enfrentaban por primera vez a la asignatura de Introducción a la traducción especializada, se decidió llevar a cabo un experimento con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia del uso de un corpus electrónico comparable ad hoc creado por los propios estudiantes, con el fin de mejorar tanto la calidad de sus traducciones como el proceso de aprendizaje de la traducción especializada en general. Este estudio se desarrolló en cinco fases: la fase 1, en la que los alumnos se familiarizan con el lenguaje especializado; la fase 2 de análisis del encargo de traducción y búsqueda de documentación de fuentes fiables y creación del corpus ad hoc; la fase 3 en la que se analiza el corpus y se extrae la terminología mediante glosarios; la fase 4 de explotación del corpus en un encargo específico y la fase 5 en la que los alumnos evalúan mediante un cuestionario la utilidad del corpus con respecto a su método de búsqueda terminológica de manera habitual.
Sex differences of odontometrical indexes crowns of molars
Authors: Hasiuk Petro , Vorobets Anna , Hasiuk Nataliya , Rosolovska Svitlana , Bodnarchuk Irina , Radchuk Volodymyr
Published: September 2017

Modern reconstructive methods of dentistry (stopping, restoration, and prosthetics with different types of orthopedic constructions) require detailed examination of the anatomical structure of the teeth crowns, especially examination of the knowledge about the relief of masticatory surface. That is why, we conducted a detailed examination of the features of odontoglyphics of molars, according to the sex and determination the odontometrical teeth indices of the citizens of Ternopil region. To achieve the goals, we use the following research methods, such as odontological, odontometrical, and statistical. According to the odontometrical indices of the sizes of the crowns of the molars, women’s processes of reduction are reflected more than men’s. Sex differences of the crown sizes are specially defined on the second upper and second lower molars. In the result of the conducted researches, it was found and theoretically confirmed racial identity of Ternopil and Ternopil region citizens, and it was given the characteristics of the differences of odontometrical indices of molar crowns of males and females. The lore of these characteristics plays a great role in the clinic of prosthetic dentistry.
Anatomical and morphological aspects of papillae, epithelium, muscles, and glands of rats’ tongue: Light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopic study
Authors: Davydova Ludmila , Tkach Gennadii , Tymoshenko Alexey , Moskalenko Alexey , Sikora Vitalii , Kyptenko Ludmila , Lyndin Mykola , Muravskyi Dmytro , Maksymova Olena , Suchonos Olga
Published: September 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe the research results of the morphological structure of white laboratory rats’ tongue at the macro-, micro-, and ultrastructural levels by scanning, light, and transmission electron microscopy.

Results

Our results show that the tongue of these rats has a number of unique morphological features that are different from the tongue of other rodents consequently to allow identifying their species-specific features.

Conclusions

Our findings have shown the features of the tongue structure of white laboratory rats at micro-, macro-, and ultrascopic levels. The data analysis revealed that mucous membrane of the tongue contains a large number of papillae, such as fungiform, filiform, foliate, vallate, and multifilamentary papillae. Each has a different shape, size, and location. The tongue’s morphological feature consists of three types of filiform papillae, well-developed foliate and multifilamentary papillae, as well as one large and similar smaller circumvallate papillae. The muscle of the tongue contains a large number of mitochondria of different shapes and sizes. However, we have received data for a complete picture of structure of this organ that will be useful in further experimental and morphological studies of the white laboratory rats.
APLIKASI TEKNIK RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHISM DNA (PCR-RAPD) SEBAGAI PENANDA GENETIK PADA IKAN BETUTU (Oxyeleotris marmorata)
Authors: Sundari Sri , Sudarmaji Sudarmaji , Irawan Deni
Published: September 2017

Ikan betutu merupakan ikan yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi untuk konsumsi lokal dan komoditas ekspor. Dalam rangka pelestarian dan pengembangan budidaya ikan betutu, maka perlu dilakukan evaluasi keragaman genetik. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi aplikasi teknik PCR-RAPD sebagai penanda genetik pada ikan betutu sebagai dasar untuk analisis keragaman genetik ikan Betutu. Dalam kegiatan ini primer yang digunakan adalah OPC-4 dan OPC-8. Sampel yang digunakan adalah sirip ikan betutu yang berasal dari tiga populasi yaitu Sumatera, Jawa, dan Kalimantan. Primer OPC-4 menghasilkan amplifikasi 14-21 band/pita DNA dengan ukuran 300-2.100 bp, sedangkan primer OPC-8 menghasilkan amplifikasi 14-15 band dengan ukuran 330-2.100 bp.
TEKNIK ISOLASI BAKTERI PROTEOLITIK DARI SUMBER AIR PANAS CIWIDEY, BANDUNG
Authors: Mikdarullah Mikdarullah , Nugraha Aditiya
Published: September 2017

Prinsip dari isolasi mikroba adalah memisahkan atau memindahkan mikroba tertentu dari lingkungannya di alam dan menumbuhkannya di media buatan sehingga diperoleh kultur murni atau biakan murni. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di beberapa lokasi sumber air panas kawah putih dan kawah Rengganis, Ciwidey, Bandung. Kegiatan ini bertujuan mendapatkan kandidat bakteri proteolitik hasil isolasi dari air dan lumpur yang diambil dari beberapa titik di lokasi sumber air panas. Pengambilan sampel air dan lumpur menggunakan tabung plastik 25 mL, selanjutnya sebanyak 1 mL sampel diinokulasi dalam tabung yang berisi 9 mL media TSB dan diinkubasi selama 24 jam pada suhu 40°C. Hasil kultur di TSB diambil 1 mL selanjutnya dimasukkan ke dalam larutan salin 0,85% dan diaduk sampai homogen, kemudian diambil sebanyak 100 mL dikultur dengan cara disebar atau spread plate di media TSA, kemudian cawan petri diinkubasi selama 24 jam. Koloni yang tumbuh dimurnikan dengan metode penggoresan kuadran berulang sampai didapatkan koloni bakteri yang tunggal dan seragam. Isolat-isolat koloni tunggal yang sudah murni selanjutnya masing-masing dikultur di media TSA tabung miring dengan pengkodean sesuai sampel yang didapat. Dari kegiatan ini didapatkan sebanyak sembilan isolat dari titik sumber air panas, yaitu dua isolat dari daerah kawah putih Ciwidey, dan tujuh isolat dari sumber air panas Rengganis, Ciwidey, Bandung.
PENINGKATAN PERKEMBANGAN DAN SINTASAN LARVA UDANG GALAH (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) MELALUI PEMBERIAN PROBIOTIK KE DALAM AIR MEDIA PEMELIHARAAN
Authors: Sukarta Dede , Akbar Ahmad Ali
Published: September 2017

Salah satu kendala dalam produksi benih udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) adalah tingkat sintasan larva yang masih belum stabil, terutama akibat rendahnya kualitas induk, pakan, dan lingkungan budidaya. Penggunaan probiotik diharapkan dapat meningkatkan perkembangan dan sintasan larva udang galah. Penggunaan probiotik dalam pembenihan udang galah di Indonesia belum banyak dilaporkan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan uji coba penggunaan probiotik dalam pembenihan udang galah untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap perkembangan dan tingkat sintasan larva. Kegiatan uji coba ini dilakukan melalui pemeliharaan larva udang galah GI Macro II yang diberi probiotik komersial berbentuk serbuk yang mengandung bakteri Bacillus subtilis dan Bacillus licheniformis (dengan konsentrasi minimum 2 x 109 cfu/g) ke dalam air media pemeliharaan sebanyak 0,2 g/m3 (perlakuan A) dan tanpa penambahan probiotik (perlakuan B) sebagai kontrol. Hasil uji coba ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan probiotik ke dalam air media pemeliharaan larva udang galah GI Macro II memberikan hasil perkembangan larva (indeks stadia larva pada hari ke-18 mencapai 9,80 dan mencapai stadia pascalarva pada hari ke-21) dan sintasan (sebesar 47,21%) yang lebih baik daripada tanpa pemberian probiotik (indeks stadia larva pada hari ke-18 sebesar 8,65; stadia pascalarva tercapai pada hari ke-23, dengan sintasan sebesar 30,46%). Dengan demikian, pemberian probiotik ke dalam air media pemeliharaan dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan sintasan larva udang galah.
PENINGKATAN KEBERHASILAN PENANDAAN BENIH IKAN LELE AFRIKA (Clarias gariepinus) MELALUI PEMASANGAN PIT (PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDER) TAG SECARA INTRAPERITONEAL
Authors: Suwargono Pudji , Fansuri Nur
Published: September 2017

Kepastian identitas setiap benih yang diuji dalam pemuliaan melalui program seleksi harus diketahui, sehingga diperlukan penandaan individual, terutama menggunakan PIT (Passive Integrated Transponder) tag. Hingga saat ini, penandaan PIT tag pada benih ikan lele Afrika (Clarias gariepinus) baru berhasil dilakukan pada benih berukuran 8-10 g melalui pemasangan ke dalam daging bagian punggung (intramuscular), sedangkan pemasangan ke dalam rongga perut (intraperitoneal) belum dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan uji coba pemasangan PIT tag secara intramuscular dan intraperitoneal pada benih ikan lele Afrika yang berukuran lebih kecil. Uji coba pemasangan PIT tag secara intramuscular dan intraperitoneal ini dilakukan pada masing-masing sebanyak 30 ekor benih ikan lele Afrika strain Mutiara yang berukuran panjang total 5-7 cm (bobot 2-3 gram) dan 7-9 cm (bobot 4-5 gram) untuk mengetahui efektivitasnya. Hasil uji coba ini menunjukkan bahwa pemasangan PIT tag secara intraperitoneal memberikan hasil yang lebih baik (tidak menyebabkan mortalitas maupun terlepasnya PIT tag pada benih berukuran panjang total 7-9 cm dan menyebabkan mortalitas sebesar 5,00% dan tidak adanya PIT tag yang terlepas pada benih berukuran panjang total 5-7 cm) daripada melalui injeksi secara intramuscular (menyebabkan mortalitas sebesar 13,33% dan sebanyak 43,33% PIT tag yang terlepas pada benih berukuran panjang total 7-9 cm serta menyebabkan mortalitas sebesar 46,67% dan sebanyak 60,00% PIT tag yang terlepas pada benih berukuran panjang total 5-7 cm). Dengan demikian, pemasangan PIT tag secara intraperitoneal dapat dilakukan dengan efektif pada benih ikan lele Afrika yang berukuran panjang total 7-9 cm, dan memungkinkan juga dilakukan pada benih yang berukuran panjang total 5-7 cm.
Festival, Identity and Social Integration
Authors: Onipede Kayode
Published: September 2017

This study examines the “historical” role of the New Yam Festival in the social integration of Moba people over time, aiming to supplement the dearth of scholarly work on the festivals that had fostered inter-group relations through cultural identity among the Ekiti-Yoruba people of southwest Nigeria. Using a hybrid historical and anthropological research method, which includes oral interviews, participant observation, photography and video and tape recordings to document and elicit data, the study discusses the political and social interaction of the EkitiYoruba social group through the New Yam Festival. The study reveals that the New Yam Festival is traditionally rooted in kinship culture, and is motivated by social and political integration and enhancement within a socio-political space. The festival demonstrates how ritual can promote and enhance peace, cooperation and stability among the different ethnic groups in Nigeria. It is a long-standing festival that renews and celebrates kinship, identity and social relations, and could be used in significant new initiatives to promote national integration and unity among the diverse ethnic groups, promoting social integration in Nigeria, where inter-group relations have tended to become group competition, even among ethnic groups that have historical ties.
Navigating Other-than-Human Identities with Online Ethnography
Authors: Robertson Venetia
Published: September 2017

This article provides an overview of some of the key issues the author encountered when researching an online subculture of people who identify as non-human beings, here referred to as the other-than-human community. The difficulties inherent in this task stem from both the complex nature of internet ethnography and from the community itself, and raise numerous considerations about the ethics and efficacy of various formats of information gathering and analysis. This discussion brings together comparable studies of metaphysical communities, digital communities and computer-based methodologies to situate reflections on online fieldwork in the sensitive area of the self-expression of the other-than-human self.
A importância do outdoor para o poder público
Authors: Amoris Valéria de Camargo
Published: September 2017

O objetivo central do estudo consiste em mostrar a importância do outdoor como meio de comunicação de massa, discutir a sua exposição no espaço físico, na paisagem urbana de diferentes cidades brasileiras, além de verificar como os prefeitos vêm fazendo campanha eleitoral por meio dessa mídia. Discute-se, também, como os anúncios realizados pelas prefeituras, de um modo geral, alteraram o conceito da comunicação pública. Para isso, utilizaremos um recorte temporal dos outdoors,escolhidos de forma aleatória,nas cidades mineiras de Congonhas e Varginha; na Estância de Atibaia, interior de São Paulo; no município de Nova Mutum, no Mato Grosso; das cidades de Vitória da Conquista, São Sebastião do Passé e Mucuri, na Bahia; em Cariacica, no Espírito Santo e na capital do Sergipe, Aracaju. Pretende-se fornecer subsídios teóricos para uma reflexão sobre o fato de como as organizações municipais utilizam a comunicação de massa para alterar o conceito de comunicação pública.Trata-se, portanto de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, voltada sobretudo à comunicação pública e à comunicação política que se utilizam do outdoor como exemplo dessa manifestação.
Análise da atuação de fotojornalistas sob uma abordagem de gênero: o caso do Portal Fotos Públicas
Authors: Cunha da Silva Nathália , Toth Pedro Henrique
Published: September 2017

Apesar de existir uma lacuna dos estudos de gênero dentro do fotojornalismo, é perceptível a concentração masculina nessa área, na contramão dos seus quadros textuais. Em busca de indícios sobre essa atuação no Brasil, o presente artigo realiza uma pesquisa exploratória sobre o único portal brasileiro de fotojornalismo que concentra imagens de divulgação gratuitas: o Portal Fotos Públicas. Para a construção da base de dados analisada, escolheram-se ferramentas computacionais que localizaram e capturaram os dados das galerias de imagem para o posterior cruzamento dos dados. Interpretaram-se os resultados a partir da obra A Dominação Masculina, de Pierre Bourdieu, divididos em três recortes principais: produção, agências e editorias.
O poder da comunicação do consumidor nas redes sociais – uma análise mercadológica da marca Risqué
Authors: Guidini Priscila
Published: September 2017

A internet chegou como um fenômeno sem precedentes em nossa sociedade transformando as relações sociais, comerciais e organizacionais. A interatividade e a exposição das marcas na rede deram poder ao novo consumidor. Com voz de comando, os consumidores conectados ditam as regras e cobram das organizações tudo aquilo que enxergam como seu direito. Sem entender ao certo como se posicionar diante desse novo comportamento, as organizações e as instituições estão perdidas. Esse artigo busca analisar a comunicação desse consumidor que tem o poder do discurso e da exposição ao alcance de suas mãos. A proposta consiste em entender melhor a convergência que vem propiciando uma era na qual o discurso corporativo e a mídia alternativa se encontram e os poderes do assessor de imprensa e do consumidor interagem de maneira equivalente.
Comunicação, movimentos sociais e redes: rumo ao projeto biopolítico da multidão
Authors: Silva Suelen De Aguiar
Published: September 2017

Estudo teórico sobre os movimentos sociais a partir da contextualização das redes de autocomunicação e autonomia e da categoria teórica multidão. O objetivo geral consiste em discutir aspectos teóricos constituintes dos movimentos sociais, abordar os novos modos e atuais configurações do ponto de vista comunicacional. Através da pesquisa, concluiu-se que independente dos alvos que perseguem, os Movimentos Sociais formam uma multidão (Hardt; Negri, 2014) que contribui para a produção biopolítica na sociedade quando investem seu trabalho, ou seja, a sua força criativa e criadora para produzir comunicação, relações sociais e cooperação, formando novas redes de poder no espaço híbrido da internet.
Facilitação Gráfica no Brasil e Seu Uso em Projetos Editoriais
Authors: Meo Izabel Marques
Published: September 2017

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de explicar e mostrar o que é facilitação gráfica e como seus elementos podem ser aplicados em projetos editoriais. Para a pesquisa, foram consultados livros, sites, blogs e fóruns, de profissionais brasileiros e estrangeiros, sobre o assunto. A facilitação gráfica chegou ao Brasil há doze anos, porém já se pratica nos Estados Unidos há mais de trinta. A atividade consiste em registrar, ao vivo, com cores, desenhos e metáforas visuais, geralmente em grandes painéis de papel colados na parede, o que um grupo ou plenária está discutindo ou produzindo.