bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resilient phenotypes among bereaved youth: a comparison of trajectory, relative, and cross-domain approaches
Authors: Espinosa Dice Ana Lucia , Ye Xian , Kim Stephanie Gyuri , McLaughlin Katie A. , Amstadter Ananda B. , Tiemeier Henning , Denckla Christy A.
Published: February 2023

Background

Bereavement is a common traumatic event associated with adverse health outcomes across the life course. Despite these risks, not all bereaved individuals experience these negative effects. Limited scientific consensus exists on how to define resilience in individuals who have experienced the death of a loved one.

Methods

Using a sample of N = 3766 youth from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort, we identified bereavement of a family member between ages 7 and 8.5. We derived and compared three different approaches to assess resilience among bereaved youth. Trajectory-based psychological resilience identified sub-groups with similar psychological symptom profiles between ages 6 and 16 using latent growth mixture models. Relative psychological resilience at age 16 leveraged standardized residuals from a model regressing psychological symptoms on bereavement to determine better-than-expected psychological functioning relative to bereavement status. Relative cross-domain resilience around age 16 was a sum score of the residuals approach applied to eight unique domains of health. Predictive validity of each approach was assessed using depressive symptoms at age 17.5

Results

Overall, N = 877 (23%) youth were bereaved of a family member between ages 7 and 8.5. Using latent growth mixture models, a three-class solution described 84% of bereaved youth with low and stable psychological symptoms over time, 8% with worsening symptoms, and 8% with improving yet elevated symptoms. Each relative resilience score was largely concordant with the trajectory-based approach in identifying individuals as resilient or not, though relative psychological resilience demonstrated a stronger degree of concordance than the cross-domain score. Relative psychological and cross-domain resilience exhibited moderate to low correlation, depending on the domains included (r = 0.14–0.43). For each approach, resilience significantly predicted lower depressive symptoms at age 17.5, highlighting predictive validity of these measures.

Conclusions

Psychological symptom trajectories among bereaved youth aligned with those previously identified among bereaved adults. The residual-based approach to defining resilience exhibited limited utility in the context of bereavement. When identifying risk and resilience after bereavement, researchers and clinicians must address the interplay across psychosocial and physical health domains, as bereaved youth considered resilient from a mental health perspective may benefit from intervention in other domains.
Biologic Abatement and Capturing Kids’ Outcomes and Flare Frequency in Juvenile Spondyloarthritis (BACK-OFF JSpA): study protocol for a randomized pragmatic trial
Authors: Weiss Pamela F. , Sears Cora E. , Brandon Timothy G. , Forrest Christopher B. , Neu Emily , Kohlheim Melanie , Leal Jenny , Xiao Rui , Lovell Daniel
Published: February 2023

Background

The effectiveness of biologic therapies, primarily tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), for children with spondyloarthritis (SpA) has made inactive disease a realistic patient outcome. However, biologic therapies are costly, primarily delivered by subcutaneous or intravenous route, and have non-trivial side effects. Many patients and families want to know if biologic medications can be discontinued after inactive disease is achieved. It remains unclear whether medication dose should remain unchanged, tapered (increase the time between doses), or discontinued once when inactive disease is attained.

Methods

The Biologic Abatement and Capturing Kids’ Outcomes and Flare Frequency in Juvenile SpA (BACK-OFF JSpA) trial is a multicenter pragmatic trial that will randomize 198 participants ages 8–21 years old with SpA and sustained inactive disease on standard TNFi dosing to (1) continue standard TNFi dosing, (2) fixed longer dosing intervals of TNFi, or (3) stop TNFi. The trial will compare the hazard rate of protocol-defined flare and participants’ emotional health among the 3 groups over 12 months. Innovative aspects of this trial are the involvement of patient and parent stakeholders in the design and conduct of the study as well as an electronic health record-based enhanced recruitment strategy.

Discussion

This is the first randomized pragmatic trial to assess the efficacy of TNFi de-escalation strategies in children with JSpA with sustained inactive disease. This research will improve the evidence base that patients, caregivers, and rheumatologists use to make shared decisions about continued treatment versus de-escalation of TNFi therapy in this population.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04891640. Registered on 18 May 2021.
Practical guide to the diagnostics of ruminant gastrointestinal nematodes, liver fluke and lungworm infection: interpretation and usability of results
Authors: Sabatini Gustavo Adolfo , de Almeida Borges Fernando , Claerebout Edwin , Gianechini Leonor Sicalo , Höglund Johan , Kaplan Ray Matthew , Lopes Welber Daniel Zanetti , Mitchell Sian , Rinaldi Laura , von Samson-Himmelstjerna Georg , Steffan Pedro , Woodgate Robert
Published: February 2023

The diagnostics of ruminant parasites remains one of the cornerstones for parasite control best practices. Field veterinarians have several techniques at their disposal (fecal egg count, coproculture, FAMACHA®, plasma pepsinogen, ELISA-Ostertagia, ELISA-Fasciola, Baermann and ELISA-Lungworm) for the identification and/or quantification of gastrointestinal nematodes, lungworms and liver fluke infecting small ruminants and cattle. Each of these diagnostic tools has its own strengths and weaknesses and is more appropriate for a specific production operation and/or age of the animal (young and adults). This review focuses on the usability and interpretation of the results of these diagnostic tools. The most advanced technical information on sampling, storage, advantages and limitations of each tool for different types of production operations and animal categories is provided.

Graphical abstract
Glomerulonephritis associated with systemic sclerosis: a case report
Authors: Nayebirad Sepehr , Ramandi Alireza , Nili Fatemeh , Atef-Yekta Reza , Tamartash Zahra , Salehi Samira , Kavosi Hoda
Published: February 2023

Background

Systemic sclerosis is a multiorgan autoimmune disease that can overlap with other rheumatologic disorders; however, co-occurrence with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis is rare.

Case presentation

A 39-year-old Persian female patient with systemic sclerosis according to American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism 2013 criteria with a disease duration of 6 years was admitted to the hospital due to a rise in creatinine level in July 2021. She had complaints of nasal speech and feeling of nasal perforation. The first symptoms of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis had started 5 years earlier with palpable purpura in the lower limbs, hemoptysis, and positive perinuclear (p)-antibody-associated vasculitis level (> 300 AU/mL). Still, the diagnosis was not achieved due to the patient's reluctance to undergo a biopsy. She was treated with azathioprine (150 mg/day) and prednisolone (10 mg/day) during the 5-year follow-up. Her renal biopsy results showed cortical renal tissue with a cellular crescent in more than 50% of the specimen, rupture of the Bowman capsule and the glomerular basement membrane, peri-glomerular inflammation, and mild tubular atrophy in microscopic examinations. The immunofluorescence study resulted in a granular pattern of immune deposits along the glomerular basement membrane, mesangial tissue, and tubular basement membranes.

Conclusion

We reported a rare case of comorbid systemic sclerosis and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with nasal perforation. Her renal biopsy showed immune deposits along the glomerular basement membrane, mesangial tissue, and tubular basement membranes. Overlapping with other collagen vascular diseases can occur in rheumatology patients with uncommon manifestations. In systemic sclerosis, renal involvement in the form of glomerulonephritis is infrequent, and comorbid systemic lupus erythematosus or antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis should be considered.
Cost-effectiveness of 82-Rubidium PET myocardial perfusion imaging for the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia depending on the prevalence of coronary artery disease
Authors: Mimouni Maroua , Bulsei Julie , Darlington Meryl , Estellat Candice , Rouzet François , Hyafil Fabien , Durand-Zaleski Isabelle ,   the RUBIS Trial Group, Chequer Renata , Ducrocq Gregory , Alfaiate Toni , Regaieg Hamza , Abtan Jérémie , Leygnac Sébastien , Milliner Milan , Burg Samuel , Azzouna Rana Ben , Potier Louis , Laouénan Cédric , Quintin Caroline , Roussel Ronan , Steg Gabriel , Le Guludec Dominique , Sorbets Emmanuel , Imbert Laetitia , Marie Pierre-Yves , Hartemann Agnès , Montalescot Gilles
Published: February 2023

Background

82-Rubidium-Positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (Rb-PET-MPI) offers higher diagnostic performance for the detection of myocardial ischemia compared to Tc-SPECT-MPI. The aim of this economic evaluation was to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of Rb-PET-MPI versus Tc-SPECT-MPI in patients with suspected myocardial ischemia according to pretest probabilities (PTP) of obstructive coronary artery disease based on the results of the RUBIS Trial.

Methods

Costs and effectiveness were calculated for all patients over 1 year and an incremental analysis of differences in costs and effectiveness in terms of diagnostic accuracy was performed. The uncertainty of the results was estimated using bootstrap. The analysis was conducted from the perspective of the French health care system with a time horizon of 12 months.

Results

The average cost of a Rb-PET-MPI-based strategy for the detection of myocardial ischemia was €219 lower than a SPECT-MPI-based strategy (€1192 (± 1834) vs €973 (± 1939), p < 0.01). The one-year incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was negative: − €2730 (money saved per additional accurate diagnosis) in patients presenting PTP > 15% for the Rb-PET-MPI vs. Tc-SPECT-MPI strategy. Analysis of the joint distribution of costs and outcomes found that the Rb-PET-MPI strategy had a 92% probability to be dominant (cost-saving and outcome-improving).

Conclusions

Rb-PET-MPI is cost-effective compared to Tc-SPECT-MPI for the detection of myocardial ischemia in patients with PTP > 15% of obstructive coronary artery disease.

Trial registration

RUBIS Trial registration: NCT01679886, Registered 03 September 2012, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01679886.
Retinal determination gene networks: from biological functions to therapeutic strategies
Authors: Zhu Shuangli , Li Wanling , Zhang Hao , Yan Yuheng , Mei Qi , Wu Kongming
Published: February 2023

The retinal determinant gene network (RDGN), originally discovered as a critical determinator inDrosophilaeye specification, has become an important regulatory network in tumorigenesis and progression, as well as organogenesis. This network is not only associated with malignant biological behaviors of tumors, such as proliferation, and invasion, but also regulates the development of multiple mammalian organs. Three members of this conservative network have been extensively investigated, including DACH, SIX, and EYA. Dysregulated RDGN signaling is associated with the initiation and progression of tumors. In recent years, it has been found that the members of this network can be used as prognostic markers for cancer patients. Moreover, they are considered to be potential therapeutic targets for cancer. Here, we summarize the research progress of RDGN members from biological functions to signaling transduction, especially emphasizing their effects on tumors. Additionally, we discuss the roles of RDGN members in the development of organs and tissue as well as their correlations with the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease and coronary heart disease. By summarizing the roles of RDGN members in human diseases, we hope to promote future investigations into RDGN and provide potential therapeutic strategies for patients.
Cost minimization analysis of nasopharyngoscope reprocessing in community practice
Authors: Biadsee Ameen , Crosby Lauren , Chow Winsion , Sowerby Leigh J
Published: February 2023

Background

Reprocessing of nasopharyngoscopes represents a large financial burden to community physicians. The aim of this study was to perform a cost analysis of nasopharyngoscope reprocessing methods at the community level.

Methods

Electronic surveys were distributed by email to community otolaryngologists. Surveys were comprised of 14 questions assessing clinic size, nasopharyngoscope volume, scope reprocessing method and maintenance. Four manual techniques were evaluated: (1) soak with ortho-phthalaldehyde solution (Cidex-OPA; Advanced Sterilization Products, Johnson and Johnson Inc., Markham, Canada), (2) soak with accelerated hydrogen peroxide solution (Revital-Ox; Steris Canada Inc., Mississauga, Canada), (3) disinfection with chlorine dioxide wipe (Tristel Trio Wipes System; Tristel plc., Cambridgeshire, UK), (4) UV-C light system (UV Smart, Delft, The Netherlands). All costs are reported in CAD, and consumable and capital costs for reprocessing methods were obtained from reported vendor prices. Time costs were derived from manufacturer recommendations, the Ontario Medical Association Physician's Guide to Uninsured Services, and the Ontario Nurses Association Collective Agreement. Cost analyses determined the most cost-effective reprocessing method in the community setting. Sensitivity analyses assessed the impact of reprocessing volume and labour costs.

Results

Thirty-six (86%) otolaryngologists responded and answered the survey. The cost per reprocessing event for Cidex-OPA, Revital-Ox, Tristel and UV system were $38.59, $26.47, $30.53, and $22.74 respectively when physicians reprocessed their endoscopes themselves. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that Revital-Ox was the least costly option in a low volume, however, the UV system remained the most cost effective in higher volumes. The cost per reprocessing event when done by clinic staff was $5.51, $4.42, $11.23 and $6.21 for Cidex-OPA, Revital-Ox, Tristel and the UV system.

Conclusions

The UV light system appears to be the most cost-effective method in high volumes of reprocessing, and Revital-Ox is cheaper in lower volumes and when performed by clinic staff rather than physicians. It is important to consider the anticipated work volume, shared clinic space and number of co-workers prior to choosing a reprocessing method.

Graphical Abstract
Sourcing celadons with EDXRF and LA-ICP-MS from the Xunyang city burial complex, 202 B.C–907 A.D.
Authors: Yuan Feng , Li Zihan , Hu Sheng , Wang YuLu , Chen Hongmei , Jia Lala , Liu Long , Gao Jian , Yu Yongbin , Li Jinwei , Wu Qiang , Li Qijiang
Published: February 2023

This paper uses a combination of EDXRF and LA-ICP-MS to analyse the chemical components including major elements and REE composition of the accompanying celadon from four different periods of tomb at the Yutu Hill burial complex on the Xunyang city site for sourcing their provenance. The combination of the two analytical methods not only provides additional data and information to explore the provenance of the accompanying celadon in the burials, but also validates the data’s accuracy. A comparison with the chemical composition of the products from several kiln sites producing celadon revealed that burials from the Eastern Han period (25–220 A.D) to the Tang dynasty (618–907 A.D) included celadon from the Hongzhou kiln, indicating the connection between the Xunyang city site and the Hongzhou kiln during these two periods. In addition, the REE composition of the accompanying celadon in tombs from the Six Dynasties (222–589 A.D) and the Sui dynasty (581–618 A.D) is very similar to that of Yue kiln celadon, despite their strikingly different appearance and shape. This paper deduces, based on the previous distribution of Yue kiln products in the Jiangxi region, that only the upper classes collected Yue kiln products during the initial period of their entry into Jiangxi during the Jin dynasty (266–420 A.D), but that during the later period of the Six Dynasties, the commoner classes also began to collect Yue kiln products.
Perceived motivators, knowledge, attitude, self-reported and intentional practice of female condom use among female students in higher training institutions in Dodoma, Tanzania
Authors: Shitindi Getrude W. , Millanzi Walter C. , Herman Patricia Z.
Published: February 2023

Background

Unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) inclusive, have remained to be a significant public health challenges among young people, especially across middle and low-income countries. Self-efficacy on the right ways of using condoms appears to be effective against the aforementioned health-related problems. However, most women of reproductive age tend not to use them when they are using highly effective contraceptives such as implants, and/or injectable hormones. It is unknown whether the uptake of female condoms among young girls is significantly high or not. Examining female students’ perceived motivators, knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported and intentional female condom practice in training institutions seems to be a key precursor in addressing the challenge.

Methods

The institutional-based analytical cross-sectional survey in a quantitative research approach was adopted to study 384 randomly selected female students from higher training institutions, in Tanzania. Interviewer-administered structured questionnaires from previous studies were the main data collection tools. Data analysis was done using a statistical package for social science (SPSS) with the strength of statistical limits set at a 95% confidence interval and a 5% significance level.

Results

The response rate of the study was 100% with 24 ± 2.122 years respondents’ mean age while and 32.7% of them were in the third year of their studies. Only 6.2% of the respondents reported having used female condoms while 26.3% of them have not ever seen packages of female condoms. The minority of the respondents (21.7%, 23.3%, and 9.4%) demonstrated good knowledge, positive attitude, and intention to use female condoms respectively. Their age, accommodation, marital status, peer groups, previous training, knowledge, and attitude related significantly to their intentional practices of female condom use (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Given the existing governmental and non-governmental efforts that advocate awareness creation and the uptake of various contraceptives, this study has found that knowledge, attitude, self-reported and intentional practices of female students admitted in higher training institutions within Dodoma region, Tanzania is low. Institutionalized educational programs on sexual and reproductive health matters may need to be prioritized to increase the availability, accessibility, and uptake of female condoms among female students in higher training institutions.
Targeting efficacy and anticancer activity of polymeric nanoparticles of SN-38 on colon cancer cell lines
Authors: Prasad Shilpi , Dangi J. S.
Published: February 2023

Background

Colorectal cancer is the third most prevailing cancer in the whole world. Chemotherapeutic agents which are used for treatment have severe side effects and also have unwanted exposure to healthy cells. In the present study, polymeric nanoparticles of SN-38 were prepared (using cationic and anionic polymers). They were optimized by Box Behnken design and characterized for its physicochemical properties and in vitro drug release. Optimized formulation (CsENP) was evaluated for its targeting efficacy by Gamma Scintigraphy studies on Swiss Albino mice and in vitro Cytotoxic assay against colon cancer cell line, viz. HT-29.

Results

The images of Whole body gamma scintigraphy imaging of Swiss Albino mice show that CsENP remained intact till 2 h and after that at 4 h imaging it started dispersing and releasing drug which continued till 20 h. In Organ distribution studies, no radioactivity was traced in heart from the formulation. Even in liver, spleen, kidney and lung trace radioactivity was seen after 6 h. In case of CsENP radioactivity was seen in small intestine after 2 h and maximum (87.8% radioactivity) is seen in colon and rectum area after 4 h. At equivalent concentrations, the in vitro cell viability of HT-29 cells after 72 h incubation time showed that CsENP have enhanced cytotoxicity.

Conclusions

The results obtained of Whole body gamma scintigraphy imaging and organ distribution of Swiss Albino mice show that CsENP is Colon targeting and was found to be effective against colon cancer cell lines.
Inversion of potential fields by interactive optimization of 3D subsurface models using a spring-based space warping and evolution strategy
Authors: Alvers Michael R. , Götze Hans-Jürgen , Anikiev Denis , Plonka Christian
Published: February 2023

The rapid development of dynamic data-integrative modeling of geologic processes and subsurface structures is an important factor for the sustainable utilization of natural resources. One of the current gaps in data-integrative modeling is the interactive construction of realistic 3D models of the earth’s underground. We have developed here a methodology of 3D interactive processing of potential fields — gravity and magnetics — as well as their potentials and derivatives, combining forward and inverse modeling. Forward computations are based on the approximation of geologic subsurface structures by polyhedra with triangulated surfaces. Inverse computations for the model geometry are performed by means of the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES), which is proved to be efficient in the case of a strongly nonlinear problem and high-dimensional parameter space, as in potential field models. The main disadvantage is related to triangulation, as certain algorithmic constraints must be applied during the approximation of geologic body shapes. To avoid topology distortions, we use a concept of warping the space containing the model, rather than the model itself. However, the optimized lengths of grid sides are dependent on each other, which degrades the self-adaptation of the CMA-ES. The elegant solution is to introduce a system of virtual elastic springs connecting the grid nodes. We develop a numerical formulation of this system and provide a proof of the concept rather than an overview of the theoretical concepts of the inversion schemes. The new workflow is tested on the 3D SEG Advanced Modeling Program model and applied to a real case study of salt dome modeling in the Northwest German Basin. In the context of the inversion procedure described here, we determine how an interpreter can visually control and influence the quality of the inversion on a timeline.
Reliable amortized variational inference with physics-based latent distribution correction
Authors: Siahkoohi Ali , Rizzuti Gabrio , Orozco Rafael , Herrmann Felix J.
Published: February 2023

Bayesian inference for high-dimensional inverse problems is computationally costly and requires selecting a suitable prior distribution. Amortized variational inference addresses these challenges by pretraining a neural network that acts as a surrogate conditional distribution that approximates the posterior distribution not only for one instance of the observed data but also for the distribution of the data pertaining to a specific inverse problem. When fed previously unseen data, the neural network — in our case, a conditional normalizing flow — provides the posterior samples at virtually no cost. However, the accuracy of amortized variational inference relies on the availability of high-fidelity training data, which seldom exist in geophysical inverse problems because of the earth’s heterogeneous subsurface. In addition, the network is prone to errors if evaluated over data that are not drawn from the training data distribution. As such, we have aimed to increase the resilience of amortized variational inference in the presence of moderate data distribution shifts. We achieve this via a correction to the conditional normalizing flow’s latent distribution that improves the approximation to the posterior distribution for the data at hand. The correction involves relaxing the standard Gaussian assumption on the latent distribution and parameterizing it via a Gaussian distribution with an unknown mean and (diagonal) covariance. These unknowns are then estimated by minimizing the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the corrected and the (physics-based) true posterior distributions. Although generic and applicable to other inverse problems by means of a linearized seismic imaging example, we find that our correction step improves the robustness of amortized variational inference with respect to changes in the number of seismic sources, noise variance, and shifts in the prior distribution. This approach, given noisy seismic data simulated via the linearized Born modeling, provides a seismic image with limited artifacts and an assessment of its uncertainty at approximately the same cost as five reverse time migrations.
Phase matching in quantum search algorithm
Authors: Chowdhury Saptarshi Roy , Baruah Sudarshan , Dikshit Biswaranjan
Published: February 2023

We systematically generalize the Grover algorithm in a density matrix formalism by exploiting the underlying two-dimensional subspace of the problem. Using this, we derive analytic expressions for the success probability after arbitrary iterations of the generalized Grover operator with two generic phase angles

. We show for the phase matching condition

with three iterations, success probability

can be achieved only with knowledge about the lower bound

, where λ is the ratio of marked to total number of states in the database. This result will improve the quantum search algorithm when applied to databases with unknown number of marked states in the specified regime of λ, at the cost of decreased efficiency in the smaller λ region.
Revisiting the radiative and non-radiative decays of di-positronium (Ps2)
Authors: Munir S. Zayad , Mubasher M. , Aslam M. Jamil
Published: February 2023

For the first time correct results of the decay rates of

to two photons and into the final state electron-positron pair (radiationless) were calculated using the spin-singlet configuration of

(see Aslam M. J. et al., Phys. Rev. A, 104 (2021) 052803). We revisited the calculation of these decays without considering any particular spin orientation of initial state

, and performed an automated calculation using the Mathematica-based computational packages FeynArts and FeynCalc. Our results are consistent with those of Aslam et al., affirming that the only contribution to these rates comes from singlet-singlet spin orientations of pairs of initial state electrons and positrons in

.
γ-Aminobutyric Acid-Ergic Development Contributes to the Enhancement of Electroencephalogram Slow-Delta Oscillations Under Volatile Anesthesia in Neonatal Rats
Authors: Zhang Mingyue , Chen Yali , Xu Ting , Jiang Jingyao , Zhang Donghang , Huang Han , Kurth Charles D. , Yuan Ian , Wang Rurong , Liu Jin , Zhu Tao , Zhou Cheng
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:

General anesthetics (eg, propofol and volatile anesthetics) enhance the slow-delta oscillations of the cortical electroencephalogram (EEG), which partly results from the enhancement of (γ-aminobutyric acid [GABA]) γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) transmission. There is a GABAergic excitatory-inhibitory shift during postnatal development. Whether general anesthetics can enhance slow-delta oscillations in the immature brain has not yet been unequivocally determined.

METHODS:

Perforated patch-clamp recording was used to confirm the reversal potential of GABAergic currents throughout GABAergic development in acute brain slices of neonatal rats. The power density of the electrocorticogram and the minimum alveolar concentrations (MAC) of isoflurane and/or sevoflurane were measured in P4–P21 rats. Then, the effects of bumetanide, an inhibitor of the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC1) and K+-Cl− cotransporter (KCC2) knockdown on the potency of volatile anesthetics and the power density of the EEG were determined in vivo.

RESULTS:

Reversal potential of GABAergic currents were gradually hyperpolarized from P4 to P21 in cortical pyramidal neurons. Bumetanide enhanced the hypnotic effects of volatile anesthetics at P5 (for MACLORR, isoflurane: 0.63% ± 0.07% vs 0.81% ± 0.05%, 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.257 to −0.103, P < .001; sevoflurane: 1.46% ± 0.12% vs 1.66% ± 0.09%, 95% CI, −0.319 to −0.081, P < .001); while knockdown of KCC2 weakened their hypnotic effects at P21 in rats (for MACLORR, isoflurane: 0.58% ± 0.05% to 0.77% ± 0.20%, 95% CI, 0.013–0.357, P = .003; sevoflurane: 1.17% ± 0.04% to 1.33% ± 0.04%, 95% CI, 0.078–0.244, P < .001). For cortical EEG, slow-delta oscillations were the predominant components of the EEG spectrum in neonatal rats. Isoflurane and/or sevoflurane suppressed the power density of slow-delta oscillations rather than enhancement of it until GABAergic maturity. Enhancement of slow-delta oscillations under volatile anesthetics was simulated by preinjection of bumetanide at P5 (isoflurane: slow-delta changed ratio from −0.31 ± 0.22 to 1.57 ± 1.15, 95% CI, 0.67–3.08, P = .007; sevoflurane: slow-delta changed ratio from −0.46 ± 0.25 to 0.95 ± 0.97, 95% CI, 0.38–2.45, P = .014); and suppressed by KCC2-siRNA at P21 (isoflurane: slow-delta changed ratio from 16.13 ± 5.69 to 3.98 ± 2.35, 95% CI, −18.50 to −5.80, P = .002; sevoflurane: slow-delta changed ratio from 0.13 ± 2.82 to 3.23 ± 2.49, 95% CI, 3.02–10.79, P = .003).

CONCLUSIONS:

Enhancement of cortical EEG slow-delta oscillations by volatile anesthetics may require mature GABAergic inhibitory transmission during neonatal development.
The shifting culture of the scientific workforce – a change for women and girls in science
Authors: Sadler Kirsten C.
Published: February 2023

Celebrating, educating and mobilizing the global community to achieve equality for women and girls in science is recognized worldwide each February 11 on the International Day of Women and Girls in Science. This day serves as a rousing call for people of all genders to gain unfettered access to opportunities to become successful, engaged and productive scientists. One strategy to achieve this is to develop policies to ensure that all people can pursue science education, training and careers, unimpeded by their sex, gender and gender identity. Another strategy is to assure representation of women and non-binary people at every level of the scientific workforce. Collectively, these strategies and other important efforts are shifting the global mindset to one where women and girls are recognized as vital, capable and innovative contributors to disciplines that have historically been dominated by men. These male-dominated disciplines have evolved cultural norms rooted in masculine stereotypes and the next challenge is to continue this shift away from a scientific culture in which hypercompetitive, individualistic, solo artists work alone in single-minded pursuit of a breakthrough. Instead, the reality is that contemporary biomedical scientific research is a cosmopolitan culture; one where breakthroughs depend on collaboration, where data sharing is the norm and where all are encouraged to contribute their best ideas to help solve science's most vexing and exciting problems.
Ciliary mechanosensation – roles of polycystins and mastigonemes
Authors: Liu Peiwei , Liu Ying , Zhou Jun
Published: February 2023

Cilia are surface-exposed organelles that provide motility and sensory functions for cells, and it is widely believed that mechanosensation can be mediated through cilia. Polycystin-1 and -2 (PC-1 and PC-2, respectively) are transmembrane proteins that can localize to cilia; however, the molecular mechanisms by which polycystins contribute to mechanosensation are still controversial. Studies detail two prevailing models for the molecular roles of polycystins on cilia; one stresses the mechanosensation capabilities and the other unveils their ligand–receptor nature. The discovery that polycystins interact with mastigonemes, the ‘hair-like’ protrusions of flagella, is a novel finding in identifying the interactors of polycystins in cilia. While the functions of polycystins proposed by both models may coexist in cilia, it is hoped that a precise understanding of the mechanism of action of polycystins can be achieved by uncovering their distribution and interacting factors inside cilia. This will hopefully provide a satisfying answer to the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), which is caused by mutations in PC-1 and PC-2. In this Review, we discuss the characteristics of polycystins in the context of cilia and summarize the functions of mastigonemes in unicellular ciliates. Finally, we compare flagella and molecular features of PC-2 between unicellular and multicellular organisms, with the aim of providing new insights into the ciliary roles of polycystins in general.
Emerging biological insights enabled by high-resolution 3D motion data: promises, perspectives and pitfalls
Authors: Provini Pauline , Camp Ariel L. , Crandell Kristen E.
Published: February 2023

Deconstructing motion to better understand it is a key prerequisite in the field of comparative biomechanics. Since Marey and Muybridge's work, technical constraints have been the largest limitation to motion capture and analysis, which, in turn, limited what kinds of questions biologists could ask or answer. Throughout the history of our field, conceptual leaps and significant technical advances have generally worked hand in hand. Recently, high-resolution, three-dimensional (3D) motion data have become easier to acquire, providing new opportunities for comparative biomechanics. We describe how adding a third dimension of information has fuelled major paradigm shifts, not only leading to a reinterpretation of long-standing scientific questions but also allowing new questions to be asked. In this paper, we highlight recent work published in Journal of Experimental Biology and influenced by these studies, demonstrating the biological breakthroughs made with 3D data. Although amazing opportunities emerge from these technical and conceptual advances, high-resolution data often come with a price. Here, we discuss challenges of 3D data, including low-throughput methodology, costly equipment, low sample sizes, and complex analyses and presentation. Therefore, we propose guidelines for how and when to pursue 3D high-resolution data. We also suggest research areas that are poised for major new biological advances through emerging 3D data collection.
Mapping the policy design research: a systematic literature review
Authors: Barbosa de Aguiar Rafael , Soares Fabiano Jorge , Leite Lima Luciana
Published: February 2023

This article explores and synthesizes the literature on policy design, a subfield of policy analysis that has received increasing attention over the last few decades. During this period, it contributed to expanding knowledge on the functioning of public policies, implementation instruments, the rationality of decision-making processes, governance systems, social effects, etc. Despite the policy design’s importance, the current literature lacks a systematic analysis. Contributing to this agenda, this review aims to provide a field’s networking linkage,summarizing and classifying existing research through bibliometric and systematic reviews. To do so, data were collected on the Web of Science database covering the period from 1945 to December 31, 2020, capturing 493 articles in the initial search, and publications’ connectedness was analyzed by creating a network map with the frequency of assessments of a simultaneous citation using VOSViewer, and then each cluster was scrutinized applying qualitative methods to understand their relationship. As a result, 184 papers focused explicitly on policy design were selected and then clustered in nine different groups. It should be noticed that implementation instruments represent a very fruitful field of the design’s perspective, influencing five clusters, and other relevant topics concerning governance, means of interaction and representation, institutional analysis, and the policy design theoretical construction also appeared. Regardless of developing countries’ clusters, most studies empirically focused on China, evidencing that there is room for studies concerning Latin American and African contexts.
Analysis of the effect of wind speed in increasing the COVID-19 cases in Jakarta
Authors: Susanna Dewi , Saputra Yoerdy Agusmal , Poddar Sandeep
Published: February 2023

Background: COVID-19 remains a public health problem around the world. It is possible the climate could affect the transmission of COVID-19. Wind is one of the climate factors besides temperature, humidity, and rainfall. This study aimed to describe spatial patterns and find the correlation of wind speed (maximum and average) with the pattern of COVID-19 cases in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Methods: The design of this study was an ecological study based on time and place to integrate geographic information systems and tested using statistical techniques. The data used were wind speed and weekly COVID-19 cases from March to September 2020. These records were obtained from the special coronavirus website of Jakarta Provincial Health Office and the Indonesian Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency. The data were analyzed by correlation, graphic/time trend, and spatial analysis.

Results: The wind speed (maximum and mean) from March to September 2020 tended to fluctuate between 1.43 and 6.07 m/s. The correlation test results between the average wind speed and COVID-19 cases in Jakarta showed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.542; p value = 0.002).

Conclusions: The spatial overlay map of wind speed (maximum and mean) with COVID-19 cases showed that villages with high wind speeds, especially coastal areas, tended to show an earlier increase in cases. The higher wind speed allowed an increase in the distribution of the COVID-19 virus in the air in people who did not apply health protocols properly.
The Role of Industry in Ensuring Sustainable Development: the Experience of Smart Prioritisation in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors:   Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, Shvets N. , Shevtsova H. ,   Institute of Industrial Economics of the NAS of Ukraine
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis and generalisation of the European practice of smart prioritisation with an emphasis on the role of the industrial sector in the implementation of innovative solutions to ensure sustainable development. The object of the study is the reference countries of Central and Eastern Europe. It was found that the CEE countries are at different stages of the path to sustainable development and demonstrate different degrees of concentration of national smart specialisation strategies on sustainable innovations. Croatia, Poland and the Czech Republic show the greatest interest in the implementation of smart priorities for sustainable development. Sustainable energy and renewables, resource efficiency, sustainable production and consumption prevail among the subject areas of sustainable innovation. In the sectoral aspect, the leading role in the implementation of smart innovative solutions to ensure sustainable development is assigned to manufacturing. In the developed smart specialisation strategies, most of the CEE countries focus on the manufacture of food products. This indicates the choice of smart priorities based on traditional specialisations. The prospects for the development of this sector are related to the bioeconomy, which also involves the resources of the wood industry and accumulated technological knowledge in chemical production and machine building. We have revealed two approaches in the practice of smart prioritisation: (1) concentrated prioritisation, which involves focusing on a certain innovative direction and is based on a limited number of types of economic activity with an understanding of their future interaction; (2) broad prioritisation, which is characteristic of territories with weak innovation ecosystems and involves unclear cross-sectoral interactions and coverage of a significant number of innovation directions, which are planned to be clarified in the course of further collaboration between key stakeholders. The results of the study make it possible to improve approaches to the development of smart specialisation strategies for the recovery and sustainable development of Ukrainian territories in the post-war period and to build a mutually beneficial cross-border/interregional partnership between Ukraine and the CEE countries in the selected smart priorities.
Strategic Scenarios of Post-War Restoration of Sustainable Development of the Kharkiv Region
Authors:   Institute of Industrial Economics of the NAS of Ukraine, Kharazishvili Yu. ,   The National Institute for Strategic Studies
Published: February 2023

The state and strategic scenarios of restoration of sustainable development of the post-war Kharkiv region in the security dimension are studied. To develop a strategic plan for the restoration of the Kharkiv region, a modern methodology of identification and strategizing (scientific-strategic foresight) is used according to the principle "the future is determined by the trajectory into the future" and with the help of adaptive regulation methods from management theory. According to the defined methodology, three strategic recovery scenarios until 2027 were developed: inertial, realistic, optimistic with scientifically based quantitative dynamics of components and indicators until 2027, which ensure the achievement of the defined goals. The inertial scenario consolidates the negative trends of the post-war state with an average annual growth rate of real GDP of -7.3%, the realistic one – 9.8% (return to the level of 2000), the optimistic scenario – 22.9% (return to the pre-war level in 2021. The obtained strategic benchmarks of components and indicators are the ultimate goal of regulation, and their monitoring allows determining the effectiveness of the region's economic policy.
Peculiarities of Restoration of Old Industrial Areas in the Context of Global Goals and Implementation of Smart Specialization Strategies
Authors:   Institute of Industrial Economics of the NAS of Ukraine, Soldak M.
Published: February 2023

Challenges associated with military activities and subsequent post-war reconstruction, external and internal factors of the functioning of domestic industries require scientifically grounded conceptual provisions for the revitalization of old industrial areas based on new principles of strategic planning and in the context of the Global Goals of Sustainable Development. The purpose of the article is to summarize modern views on the rethinking of approaches to the development of old industrial areas in the European Union and to determine directions for the restoration of old industrial areas of Ukraine in the context of the Global Goals and the implementation of smart specialization strategies in the conditions of post-war recovery. In the European Union, new views are based on a critical evaluation of the smart specialization policy, which relies mainly on the traditional scientific and technical model of innovation, and focuses on an implicit social-ecological model, which provides for the involvement of the potential of science, technology and innovation to meet the needs of society through achieving the goals of the United Nations in the sphere of sustainable development. A comprehensive approach to rethinking the development of regions on the basis of socio-ecological innovations is provided by the conception of fundamental economics. It is based not on sectors of the knowledge economy, but on areas that provide the population with basic social goods and services that form the basis of everyday civilized life. The post-war recovery of communities in Ukraine will be focused, first of all, on achieving social well-being, which should become the main goal of innovative policy. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure a balance between the strategic planning of the development of regions based on the principles of smart specialization, grounded on technological innovations, and the fundamental economy, which is based on an implicit socio-ecological model of innovation. Approaches to achieving such a balance and establishing priority values for development will be different, taking into account different types of regions of Ukraine (temporarily occupied, front-line and rear). This should be taken into account when developing regional development strategies for 2024-2027.
Scientific and Methodological Principles of Determining the Economic and Ecological Damage to Tourism due to the Russian war Against Ukraine
Authors:   SI ", Petrushenko M. ,   IMEER of the NAS of Ukraine"
Published: February 2023

The article presents the results of the substantiation and generalization of conceptual components regarding the assessment of economic and environmental damage to tourism and recreation as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, that include the following provisions: the provisions of the Procedure for determining damage and losses caused to Ukraine, in particular within the scope of assessing losses of transport infrastructure, losses of cultural heritage, economic costs of enterprises, losses of institutions and organizations; the Methods for calculating the volume of tourist activity; the Methods for determining the extent of environmental damage in national legislation; the Methods of IMPEER of the NAS of Ukraine for assessing the socio-economic efficiency of recreational nature use; as well as the recommendations specified in the documents of international organizations, in particular UNEP, OSCE, regarding the impact of war on sustainable development. Also, scientific and methodological approaches are developed in the article, to the calculation of tourism and recreation losses as a result of the russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, which include the following main components: the amount of losses from a decrease in tourist consumption; the size of the underachieved socio-economic effect from the recovery of recreationists in various types of recreational facilities; the amount of environmental damage, in particular caused to land plots for health and/or recreational purposes, as well as from the destruction or deterioration of the quality of the recreational area as a result of the consequences of emergency situations, – due to the russian invasion in Ukraine 2022. The research was carried out within the scientific project “Natural asset management on the basis of blue growth” (state registration number 0122U000738).