bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coherent surface plasmon amplification through the dissipative instability of 2D direct current
Authors: Smetanin Igor V. , Bouhelier Alexandre , Uskov Alexander V.
Published: October 2018

We propose an original concept for on-chip excitation and amplification of surface plasmon polaritons. Our approach, named nanoresotron, utilizes the collective effect of dissipative instability of a 2D direct current flowing in vicinity of a metal surface. The instability arises through the excitation of self-consistent plasma oscillations and results in the creation of a pair of collective surface electromagnetic modes in addition to conventional plasmon resonances. We derive the dispersion equations for these modes using self-consistent solutions of Maxwell’s and 2D hydrodynamics equations. We find that the phase velocities of these new collective modes are close to the drift velocity of 2D electrons. We demonstrate that the slow mode is amplified while the fast mode exhibits absorption. Estimates indicate that very high gain are attainable, which makes the nanoresotron a promising scheme to electrically excite and regenerate surface plasmon polaritons.
Crystal structure of dimethyl (3aS,6R,6aS,7S)-2-pivaloyl-2,3-dihydro-1H,6H,7H-3a,6:7,9a-diepoxybenzo[de]isoquinoline-3a1,6a-dicarboxylate, C21H25NO8
Authors: Dorovatovskii Pavel V. , Sadigova Nurlana D. , Huseynzada Alakbar E. , Hajiyeva Sarvinaz F. , Cárdenas Alejandro , Cisterna Jonathan , Brito Iván
Published: October 2018

C21H25NO8 , P21/n, (no. 14), a = 12.905(3) Å, b = 13.370(3) Å, c = 13.090(3) Å, β = 118.19(3)°, V = 1990.5(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0629, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1966, T = 100(2) K.
Crystal structure of 3-aminopyrazine-2-carbohydrazide, C5H7N5O
Authors: Gao Liang-Liang , Huang Shan-Xiu , Wu Wei-Na
Published: October 2018

C6H8N4O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.1022(8) Å, b = 9.4818(8) Å, c = 7.0832(6) Å, β = 94.1380(10)°, V = 676.71(10) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0357, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1088, T = 296(2) K.
The Metaphysical Subject and Logical Space: Solipsism and Singularity in the Tractatus
Authors: Allen M. Curtis
Published: October 2018

This essay presents a heterodox reading of the issue of solipsism in Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (TLP), out of which the whole of the TLP can be re-read. Inspired by, though not dependent on, the themes of virtuality and singularity found in Deleuze’s ‘transcendental empiricism’ (presented as a Wittgensteinian ‘immaculate conception’), Wittgenstein’s concept of ‘logical space’ is here complexly related to the paradoxes of the ‘metaphysical subject’ and ‘solipsism,’ within which the strictures of sense are defined, and through which the logico-pictorial scaffolding of the TLP precipitates its own systematic dissolution. It shows how nonsense envelopes not only not idle chatter, and metaphysical confusion, but sense itself.
Bundling, Vertical Differentiation, and Platform Competition
Authors: Sun Keke
Published: October 2018

This paper studies the bundling strategies of two firms that each sell a horizontally differentiated platform and a complementary good. When the complementary goods are vertically differentiated, the firm that sells the superior one can commit to a more aggressive pricing strategy through bundling. In the presence of asymmetry in externalities between the two sides in the platform market, bundling may be profitable without foreclosing the rival when platforms implement cross subsidies from the high-externality side (developers) to the low-externality side (consumers). Bundling has a positive effect on welfare because it allows for better internalization of the indirect network effects and reduces the developer cost of multi-homing, but it also has a negative effect because some consumers consume less-preferred components. Consequently, bundling is socially desirable when platforms are not too differentiated and the vertical differentiation between the complementary goods is high.
Microwave-assisted solvent-free synthesis and spectral and structural characterization of cyclotriphosphazene hexakis(o-tolylamide)
Authors: Hakimi Mohammad , Rezaei Homeyra , Moeini Keyvan , Raissi Heidar , Eigner Vaclav , Dušek Michal
Published: October 2018

A new cyclotriphosphazene, 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexakis (o-tolylamono)-1,3,5,2λ5,4λ5,6λ5-triazatriphosphinine (MPAP), was prepared using microwave irradiation and identified by elemental analysis, FT-IR, Raman,31P NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the crystal, in addition to hydrogen bonds, the network is further stabilized by inter- and intramolecular π–π stacking interactions between aromatic rings.
Готовність майбутніх учителів іноземних мов до застосування проектних технологій у професійній діяльності: діагностика
Authors: Bey Iryna
Published: October 2018

У статті представлено результати експериментального дослідження готовності майбутніх учителів іноземних мов до проектної діяльності в закладах загальної середньої освіти.

На основі узагальнення теоретичних засад наукового дослідження автором проде­монстровано підсумки діагностико-констатувального етапу педагогічного експерименту, який було здійснено із застосуванням цілого ряду діагностичних методів. До них було віднесено: анкетування студентів та викладачів, узагальнення, синтез, систематизацію, спостереження за навчально-пізнавальною діяльністю майбутніх учителів іноземної мови, виконання практичних робіт професійного спрямування, аналіз кваліфікаційних робіт студентів.

Як зазначається у статті, розробка та застосування діагностичного інстру­ментарію базувалися на вимогах об’єктивності, надійності та валідності; автором продемонстровано механізми застосування системи критеріїв готовності студентів до проектної діяльності (до них було віднесено мотиваційний, когнітивний, операційно-діяльнісний та оцінно-результативний).

Шляхи визначення рівнів сформованості проектних умінь та навичок у майбутніх учителів проаналізовано у відповідності із стратегією наукового дослідження, яку було покладено в основу аналізу результатів анкетування студентів  денної та заочної форми факультетів іноземних мов. Це дозволило  визначити вхідний рівень готовності студентів до використання проектних технологій у професійній діяльності за всіма компонентами; представити послідовність підготовчої роботи діагностичного етапу експерименту з окресленням її основних завдань; продемонструвати підсумки математичної обробки отриманих результатів дослідження стосовно кожного із визначених критеріїв; обґрунтувати висновки та напрями майбутніх наукових розробок з означеної проблеми.
Професійна компетентність фахівців прикордонних відомств у республіці Індія: актуальні виміри
Authors: Bhinder Nataliіa
Published: October 2018

У статті розглядається поняття професійної компетентності прикордонників у Республіці Індія. На основі аналізу науково-педагогічної літератури, зважаючи на специфіку охорони державних кордонів Республіки Індія, визначено структурні компоненти професійної компетентності прикордонників у Республіці Індія. Встановлено дві групи критеріїв сформованості професійної компетентності фахівців індійських прикордонних відомств: об’єктні (координаційно-цільовий, організаційно-педагогічний та оцінно-резуль­тативний) та суб’єктні (когнітивний, аксіологічний, навчально-професійний, відомче-поведінковий та оцінно-рефлексійний), а також виокремлено чотири рівні (високий, достатній, середній та низький) сформованості професійної компетентності прикор­донників у Республіці Індія й показники, що визначають кожен рівень.
Вплив ідей Нової української школи на зміст діяльності педагогів закладів дошкільної освіти
Authors: Bielienka Hanna
Published: October 2018

У статті здійснено аналіз впливу концепції та основних ідей Нової української школи на організацію освітнього процесу в дошкільних закладах освіти (ЗДО), виділено основні напрями діяльності вихователів дітей дошкільного віку, що потребують змін: ознайомлення з концепцією нової української школи задля забезпечення наступності між дошкільним закладом і школою, посилення роботи у напрямі просвітництва батьків, введення гнучкого розпорядку дня для дітей, відмова від колективних занять як основної форми організації освітнього процесу, забезпечення дітям вільного вибору діяльності. Автором підкреслена необхідність перегляду змісту освітніх програм для закладів дошкільної освіти з метою перенесення акцентів з когнітивного на морально-етичні компоненти змісту. Зазначено, що основною метою ЗДО, у відповідності до Базового компонента дошкільної освіти  є формування життєвої компетенції дитини.
Когнітивний компонент у структурі готовності майбутніх вихователів до формування доброзичливості дітей старшого дошкільного віку
Authors: Domaniuk Oksana
Published: October 2018

Зміни в державній політиці у сфері освіти привели до оновлення системи професійної підготовки фахівців, зокрема майбутніх вихователів закладів дошкільної освіти. Автором уточнено структуру готовності студентів спеціальності 012 Дошкільна освіта до формування доброзичливості дітей старшого дошкільного віку. Зокрема виокремлено когнітивний, особистісно-мотиваційний та діяльнісний компоненти досліджуваного феномену. У статті розкрито зміст когнітивного компонента готовності студентів до формування доброзичливості дітей 5-7 років, визначено його критерій та показники. Представлено результати констатувального зрізу стану готовності студентів до формування зазначеної якості у дітей старшого дошкільного віку за когнітивним компонентом (несформований, несталий, середній та оптимальний рівні).
Editorial
Authors: Badea Radu
Published: October 2018

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Percutaneous Catheter Ablation of Epicardial Accessory Pathways
Authors: Sternick Eduardo Back ,   Arrhythmia Unit, Biocor Instituto, Nova Lima, Brazil,   Medical Sciences Faculty of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, Faustino Mariana ,   Cardiology Department, Hospital Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal, Correa Frederico Soares ,   Arrhythmia Unit, Biocor Instituto, Nova Lima, Brazil, Pisani Cristiano ,   Arrhythmia Clinical Unit, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil, Scanavacca Maurício Ibrahim ,   Arrhythmia Clinical Unit, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
Published: October 2018

Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation is the treatment of choice in patients with accessory pathways (APs) and Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome. Endocardial catheter ablation has limitations, including the inability to map and ablate intramural or subepicardial APs. Some of these difficulties can be overcome using an epicardial approach performed through the epicardial venous system or by percutaneous catheterisation of the pericardial space. When a suspected left inferior or infero-paraseptal AP is refractory to ablation or no early activation is found at the endocardium, a transvenous approach via the coronary sinus is warranted because such epicardial pathways can be in close proximity to the coronary venous system. Associated congenital abnormalities, such as right atrial appendage, right ventricle diverticulum, coronary sinus diverticulum and absence of coronary sinus ostium, may also hamper a successful outcome. Percutaneous epicardial subxiphoid approach should be considered when endocardial or transvenous mapping and ablation fails. Epicardial mapping may be successful. It can guide and enhance the effectiveness of endocardial ablation. The finding of no epicardial early activation leads to a more persistent new endocardial attempt. When both endocardial and epicardial ablation are unsuccessful, open-chest surgery is the only option to eliminate the AP.
Anticoagulation in Patients with Ischaemic Heart Disease and Peripheral Arterial Disease: Clinical Implications of COMPASS study
Authors: Gradolí Josep ,   Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain, Vidal Verónica ,   Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain, Brady Adrian JB ,   Department of Cardiology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK, Facila Lorenzo ,   Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Published: October 2018

Patients with established cardiovascular disease may suffer further cardiovascular events, despite receiving optimal medical treatment. Although platelet inhibition plays a central role in the prevention of new events, the use of anticoagulant therapies to reduce events in atheromatous disease has, until recently, been overlooked. The recent Rivaroxaban for the Prevention of Major Cardiovascular Events in Coronary or Peripheral Artery Disease (COMPASS) study showed an important reduction in cardiovascular events without increasing the risk of fatal and intracranial bleeding when using rivaroxaban, a novel oral anticoagulant, combined with aspirin. This article reviews the available evidence regarding the use of anticoagulant therapies for prevention of cardiovascular events, the results of the COMPASS study and how these results may affect patient management in everyday clinical practic
Ocurrencia y propiedades de Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli y xanthomonas pestolíticas, epifíticas en malezas
Authors: Angeles Rosendo , Vidaver Anne K.
Published: October 2018

Populations of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli and other Xanthomonas occur in natural form la non symptomatic weeds. Sevently seven samples of twenty one weed species from fields Infested with common blight "Tizón común" In San Juan, Higuey, Constanza of the Dominkan Republic were evaluated. The isolationswere obtained by adding 10 ml of the buffer (12.5 mM K2PO4 + 10 mM Mg SO4, ph < 7.1). The pathogenicity tests were performed on the Dark Red Kidney bean, by inoculating plants, trifoliates and seed pods. To confirm the starch hydrolisis reaction with methyl violet and methyl green, an evaluation of the production of brown dye and thin layer chromatography for the Xanthomonadin pigment was made. Of the observed results, fourteen samples and eight species of weeds of X. campestris pv. phaseoli and 23 species of weeds of atypical Xanthomonas were found. The pathogenic isolations from leaf innoculum at two weeks the yellow zone had expanded and covered a wide area around the necrotic brown center. The bean seed pods inoculated with pathogenic isolates showed typical symptoms around ten days. All the pathogenic isolates on the leaves became pathogenic on the seed pods. None of the isolates of collected weeds after harvest. In the "Constanza" area showed any symptoms on the bean leaves. The weed samples collected from the common blight Infested fields had more pathogenic of isolates X. campestris pv. phaseolithan the samples taken from the outside ends of the fields or after harvest. We found eight weed species all belonging to six botanic families which might act as sympto-matic hosts suggests that other species could contain epiphitic X. campestris pv. phaseoli.
Substitución de alimento por gallinaza en la producción comercial de camarones peinados en Honduras
Authors: Coddington David R. , Green Bartholomew , Matamoros Nahún , Rodríguez Rigoberto
Published: October 2018

The objective of this research was to determine the effects of substituting chicken manure for the common feed stuffs used In the first four to eight weeks of the growing period of shrimp. Economical evaluations of shrimp production was also considered. Twelve man made ponds (2.2-3.0 ha) located at Granjas Marinas, San Bernardo, S.A, San Bernardo, Choluteca, Honduras were assigned to four treatments at random and seeded with young shrimp (average weight 0.8 g) at a rate of 5/m2 on September 7, 1998. The treatments tested were: 1) (STANDARD) the normal treatment used at Granjas Marinas San Bernardo which consisted in the application of chicken manure during the first eight weeks plus added feed, 2) (FEED) feed only, 3) (4 WEEKS) chicken manure only during the first four weeks followed by feeding, 4) (8 WEEKS) chicken manure only during the first eight weeks followed by feeding. After ninety nine days ofshrimp cultivation, there was Do Increase In production using low rates of chicken manure (60 kg total solids/ha/week) during the first eight week of feeding. It was also found not to be economical to feeding for low rates of fertilization with chicken manure, especially after the first two or three weeks of cultivation. The average weight of shrimp for treatments FEED 14,4, and STANDARD 14.1, was significantly greater than that observed for 4 WEEKS 12.2, and 8 WEEKS 17-1. The average shrimp production was 7-41% greater In STANDARD and FEED treatments (%)* and 518 kg/ha respectively) compared to 4 WEEKS (476 kg/ha) and 8 WEEKS (368 kg/ha). However, there were no significant differences between treatments due to the high amount of variability caused by survival rates (P<0.01). The total costs for FEED and STANDARD were significantly greater compared to 4 and 9 WEKS. This was due to a greater feed utilization in the previous treatments. Estimated gains In FEED (L. 30851ha) and STANDARD (L. 3026/ha) were 27-58% greater than 4 and 8 WEEKS (L. 2389/ha, and 1947/ha respectively). This was due to the Increased production obtained with greater prices received for the larger shrimp obtained in FEED and STANDARD treatments. There was potential to significantly increase the estimated gains by substituting feed for fertilization with chicken manure at a higher rate of application (250 kg/ha/week) during the first four to eight weeks of cultivation.
Evaluación de diferentes niveles críticos de Empoasca spp. basado en porcentaje de hojas infestadas con ninfas en el cultivo de frijol
Authors: Escobar R. , Cáceres O. , Andrews K. , Cave R.
Published: October 2018

In May, 1988, trials were Initiated to determine optimum critical levels for control of Empoasca spp, based on percentage of nymph Infested leaves. The efficiency of this sampling comparing It to absolute values obtained from Insect traps was also evaluated. A randomized complete block design was employed at two locations with three replications and five treatments per location. Insecticides were applied when leaves had infestation percentages of 0, 15, 30 and 45 %. An added check was also included without insecticide applications. To each treatment, “dimetoato” was applied to determine the critical level. Plot sizes were 49 in’ while harvest areas were 4 m2 taken from the center of each plot. The combined analysis of variance Indicated significant differences between yield amongst the applied treatments (P<0.01). Yield increases of 0 and 5% (1.1 and 1.2 t ha-1, respectively) were significantly higher than the check (0.8 t/ha) for treatments 30 and 45% defined above. The correlation between porcentage of infested leaves and number of nymphs determined from the traps was significant (r = 0.78) at Corral Falso and (r = 0.56) at San Jeronimo. The treatment with 15 % infested leaves provided the largest net benefits. The marginal rate of return for this critical level was 5 and 20% for San Jeronimo and Corral Falso respectively.
Aptitud combinatoria y predicción de híbridos de maíz (Zea mays L.) de grano amarillo a partir de cruzas dialélicas, evaluadas en dos localidades de la zona baja de Guatemala, 1989
Authors: Quemé de León José Luis , Larios Bobadilla Luis , Pérez Rodas Carlos , Soto León Nery
Published: October 2018

Given the importance that yellow grain maize hybrids have for human and animal consumption, the Maize Program of the Instituto de Ciencias y Tecnologia Agricola (ICTA) initiated a project using 10 maize lines to genera te double (DC) and three way cross (TWC) hybrids which would be superior to the commercial hybrid HA-46. Most of the 10 lines had different genetic origins. Specific objectives were: a) estimate specific and general combining ability (SCA, GCA) for each of the simple crosses; and b) to predict yield for the DC and TWC hybrids. A 7x7 simple lattice design was used to evaluate 42 simple crosses and 7 checks. SCA and GCA were estimated using the Fourth Griffing's Design, and yield predictions using Jenkins Method B. Two trials were established in Cuyuta and La Maquina (40 to 150 meters above sea level). Results obtained indicated that the two null hypothesis could not discarded: 1) the variance for GCA (g 2) was considered to be equal to zcro givcn that the testers wcre previously selected; and the variance for SCA (s 2) was different from zero, possibly because some testcrs had different origins while others were derived from the same source. 2) SCA was as important as CGA in predicting the yicld of the simple crosses. Predicted yield levels for DC’s and TWC's were highcr than the predicted yield for HA-46. These results suggest that when these DC's and TWC's are formed they will be superior to HA-46 and as such fulfill the general objective set forth.
Evaluación de líneas S1 derivadas de la población 73 del tercer ciclo de mejoramiento para resistencia al achaparramiento
Authors: Urbina A. Roger , Obando Marvin , Aguiluz Adán , Córdova Hugo
Published: October 2018

The presence of endophytic maize stunt in the pacific coastal plain and other drier parts of Nicaragua, represents a major problem relative to maize grain production. To reduce the risk of losses and to secure sustainable production for maize in this extensive production region, the development of cultivars with resistance to this disease is necessary. With the objective of identifying and selecting germplasm with genetic resistance to this disease, 400 S1 lines were evaluated during the cycle where the disease is more prevalent (August through December). These lines were derived from population 73 out of the third cycle of recurrent selection. The trial was planted at the experimcnt station of thc Centro Nacional de Granos Basicos at Managua, Nicaragua, where a 20 x 20 lattice design was used with two replications. The selected fraction to be recombined for the second cyclc outyielded thc population mean yield by 58%, in stunt free plants by 52 %, and stunt free ears by 64 %. These observcd levels were superior to the local check, the tolerant variety NB- 6. The results obtained indicate that significant advances havc been obtained in breeding efforts for resistance to corn stunt.
Efecto de la aplicación de bioabono en el rendimiento de cultivos de Vigna
Authors: Flores Blandón Nelson Roberto
Published: October 2018

Organic materials as a soil amendment may be chellply prod used in farmer' s fields via anaerobic digestion of beef manure. From the anaerobic digestion, one obtains gas and manure, the latter having excellent physical and chemical properties which makes it a good source of organic matter. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the effects of beef manure applications on Vigna (Vigna unguiculata) yields Experiments were conducted for two years at the National School of Agriculture, El Salvador, 460 meters aoove sea level, 1800 mm annual precipitation,and a mean temperature of 23.8°C. The soil in this study was an alluvial saody loam Regosol.A total of five treatments were evaluated that included three rates of applied beef manure (40,80, 120 m3/ha), an inorganic fertilizer check (0.39 aud 0.20 kg/20 m2 of ammonium sulfate and urea respectively) and an absolute check (no N applied). The beef manure was applied to the soil eightdays before planting. The urea fraction of the inorganic fertilizer check was banded 8 days after planting. Fresh weight yields were statistically similar between manure and the inorganic fertilizer check in the tirst year, however, a slight tendency for higher yields was observed for the second year. This suggests that applications of manure can improve Vigna fresh weight yields over time.
Potencial del rastrojo de maíz con leguminosa en la alimentación de ganado de engorde
Authors: Sinclair G. Rubén , Wege Linus , Romero Andrés
Published: October 2018

An assay was conducted to test the value of traditional and legume improved stubbles when fed to beef steers, in Aramis, Olancho, Honduras (dry tropical forest). A complete randomized block experimental design was used, with an area of 5000 m2 for each model, weaned cross-bred (brahman x creole) steers with an average weight of 150 kg and the legume Lablab purpureus planted at the coro hiUing. The four treatments evaluated were: 1. Grazing on the traditional stubble, 2. Grazing on the improved stubble, 3. harvested traditional stubble (confinement) and 4. Harvested improved stabble confinementThe weight gain was significant (P< =0,01) among treatments. The highest weight gain of 1019 g/animal/day was obtained with the group that grazed on improved stubble and the lowest gain (548.1 g/day) with the harvested traditional stubble. The animal/ha weight gain, adjusted at 6 weeks of roughage management, showed superiority of the improved stubbles (5.8 and 2.9 kg/ha/day, respectively).
Evaluación de dosis y métodos de aplicación de azufre y su efecto residual en el cultivo de maíz en dos localidades de Azuero, Panamá
Authors: Gordon Roman , González Andrés , Franco Jorge , De Gracia Nivaldo , De Herrera Adys , Raun William
Published: October 2018

Two trials were conducted in 1990 in the zone of Azuero-Panama, to observe the response of the corn to the residual effect of sulphur (CaS04) under two application methods. In 1989, sulphur was broadcasted at arate of 0.20, 40 and 80 kg/ha, or handspiked at arate of 0.20 and 40 kg/ha. During the second cycle (1990), only 100 kg/ha of N were applied to the plots in order to observe the residual effect of the treatments. There was a lineal response for the two bypsum application methods in the first cycle, but there was no interaction among these two independent variables. The fact that one of the. highest yields wasobtained with a 20 kg/ha, doseshows us that a low dosage of this element is anough to  have significant responses. The resiudal response of the sulphur application (1990) was highly significant getting yield increments ranging from 0.483 to 1.682 t/ha. The economic analysis of the two cycles (1989-1990) showed that the sulphur application was profitable with respect to the dose 0 (zero), given the low cost of the agricultural gypsum.
Comportamiento de híbridos intra e inter poblaciones entre líneas endocrinadas e implicaciones de estados resultados en el desarrollo de híbridos de maíz
Authors: Kumar Vasal Surinder , González Ceniceros Fernando , Vergara Narciso , Srinivasan Ganesan
Published: October 2018

During the development of hybrids, non-related progenitors of opposite heterotic pattern were used. When heterotic patterns of different germplasm are not well defined, or the heterotic response among existing materials is low, it is possible to develop inter-line hybrids with some materials. The objective of this study was to determine the yield of intra and inter-population hybrids developed from lines from Pool-19 and Pool-20 (Dialelo 1); lines from Pob.32, 25 and Pool-23 (Dialelo 2); lines from Pool-24 and Pob.24 (Dialelo 3); and lines from Pob.21, Pool-23 y Pob.32 (Dialelo 4), evaluated in México, Central America and Africa. Intra and interpopulation hybrids were also evaluated in experiments involving crosses of white tropicallines to testers from Populations 21, 32, 25 and Pool-24. Interpopulation hybrids outyielded intrapopulation hybrids from 8.0 to 15.6%. In the line x tester experiments, the interpopulation hybrids also outyielded intrapopulation hybrids. In the four dialells, the best intrapopulation hybrids yielded from 92.2 to 118.6% in relation to the best control. This indicates the possibility to obtain high yielding intrapopulation hybrids. Similar results were obtained from the line x tester experiments.
Recomendaciones condicionadas de fertilización con nitrógeno y fósforo para maíz usando un modelo cuadrático en la provincia de Chiriquí, Panamá
Authors: Sain Gustavo , Acosta Miguel Angel
Published: October 2018

For the recommendation domain 1 (RD1), characterized by high initial content for P in the soil and a low level of organic matter (OM), optimal economic rates were 184 kg N/ha and no P application. For the RD2, low P and high level of MO, the optimal rates were 72 kg N/ha and 51 kg P2O5/ha. For the DRl the profitability of fertilizer application was found to be significantly superior to that found in RD2. For fertilization to be profitable in the RD1 the minimum rate of return acceptable to farmers must be inferior to 42%, while in RD2 this rate must be inferior to 93%.
Estimación de parámetros genéticos en una población de maíz tropical
Authors: Oyervides G. Arnoldo , Mariaca P. Jorge M. , De León C. Humberto , Reyes V. Manuel
Published: October 2018

The purposes for estimating the genetic parameters were two fold: 1: the determination of geme action, 2: to supply the basic information for determining wich methodology of genetic improvement is to use. The objectives of this investigation are: to estimate heritability, genetic variability and general combining ability of the full sib families with pedigree. Two hundred and twenty four full sib families were evaluated in three localities of the humid tropics in Mexico. The variables studied were: tasseling and silking height, ear height, number of ears per 100 plants and yield. Significant differences were found at 0.01 probability for the source of variation of localities, replications within groups and localities, families within groups and in the interaction of localities by families/group. The coefficient of variation for days to tasseling and female flowering were 1.48 and 1.53 percent, respectively; for plant height and ear height was 5.27 and 8.54 percent, respectively and for number of ears per 100 plants and yield were 5.97 and 10.38 percent, respectively. The heritability values were: tasseling 0.734, silking 0.752, plant height 0.759, ear height 0.815, number of ears per 100 plants 0.434 and yield 0.583 and lastly, the families showed a good general combining ability.
Algunas reflexiones sobre la producción de granos básicos en Centroamérica
Authors: Christophe Guy
Published: October 2018

The situation of the staple grain production in the Central American area is full of contradictions. Although there has been an increment in the food production, apparently sufficient, compared with the population growth, the yields have remained stagnant in the last decade. In the whole region, the real prices at farm level have dropped dramatically during these years of economic crisis. The state policies of organizing a regional market for basic food faces the large prevalent differences in prices and costs of grains among the Central American countries. According to a comparative analysis, these differences are stemmed in the prices of chemicals input s and mechanization costs at the farm level, which jeopardize the international region' s competitiveness and then may hurt those countries with relatively higher technified production within the region. In fact, the last available data confirms that, in economic terms, the technology for basic food production is not as effective as traditional farming. Finally, the massive food aid received by the isthmus, mainly wheat, has caused a change in the relative prices of staples food and leads in the urban, consumer to modify his feeding habit.
Comentarios de la actividad socioeconómica en PROFRIJOL
Authors: Viana Ruano Abelardo
Published: October 2018

The socio-economic activity of the Programa Cooperativo Regional de Frijol-PROFRIJOL (Regional Cooperative Bean Program) for Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean started in September of 1984. The work done can be divided into three stages: Stage 1. Adoption studies which comprised the years from 1984 to 1987. Stage 2. From 1987 to 1989, the research and technology transfer of the crop was supported. Stage 3. The strengthening of the UDSE Units was a high priority during this stage, from 1989 to 1991. The socio-economic activity was considered important for the agricultural research programs, when the respective support was executed.
Uso y difusión del frijol de abono (Mucuna deeringiana) en las laderas del litoral Atlántico de Honduras.
Authors: Buckles Daniel , Ponce Ignacio , Sain Gustavo , Medina Gilmer
Published: October 2018

The soil, nutrient and water conservation is the main problem faced by farmers and investigators under the corn crop-based systems in Central America and Mexico. Several farmers from Honduras have come up with an efficient technology for the corn planted on hills, in which the bean manure is planted in rotation with corn during the dry season. The results from the conducted survey, at the Departamento de Atlantida in Honduras, indicate that 66 % of the farmers grow most of the corn through the protective mat produced by the beans during the rainy season. Among the advantages of this rotation, compared to the traditional burned and cleared land, are the higher yields with les ser dependency of external imputs, shorter rest periods, lower land preparation costs, less soil erosion and lower risk of drought damages. The problems linked to the diffusion ofthe system include the risk ofland slides and a higher plague's incidence (rats) on the corn planted through the manure mat. Usually, the amount of land available in the regionalland markets is the determining factor on the diffusion of this system, and not the size of the farm nor the form of land tenancy.
Sorgo en doble hilera versus surco sencillo en el noreste de México.
Authors: Rodríguez Raúl , Torres Heriberto , Williams Héctor , Montes Noé
Published: October 2018

An experiment was conducted to compare the traditional sorghum sowing method (single row) with double row method in the spring of 1992 under irrigation conditions in Rio Bravo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. A Complete Randomized Block design with a 2 x 5 factorial distribution was used with six replications; where the factors were: sowing method (doble and single row) and population density (187, 256, 342, 375 and 435 thousand plants/hectare). The hybrid Pioneer 8244 was used and planted at 0.80 m between rows. The parameters evaluated were plant height, panicle excertion, panic1e lenght and weight, grain number and moisture, weight of a thousand grains, grain yield and plant mortality. Mean separations were run using the Duncan's test. The grain yield and number per panicle were higher in double row method than in single row by 7.5 and 18.9 %, respectively; while grain weight and plant height showed higher values in single row than doble row. On the other hand, the weight and panic1e length decreased when population density increased in both methods, while panic1e excertion and plant mortality increased.
Comportamiento agronómico de dos sistemas de androesterilidad en sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench).
Authors: Pecina Víctor , Navarro Enrique , Williams Héctor , Rodríguez Raúl
Published: October 2018

The limited genetic variability of sorghum and the use of only one type of malesterility system (Milo-Kafir, cytoplasm A1) for the production hybrid seed, make this crop susceptible to diseases, thus its importance to look for new male sterility sources, as the cytoplasm A2 reported in 1977. This systems was introduced to the elite lines of the sorghum program at the Rio Bravo Experiment Station (INIFAP-CIRNE), in Tamaulipas, Mexico. The objective of this assay was to: a) compare the agronomic traits of two male-sterility systems (A1 and A2 cytoplasms), and b) determine if there are differences of the fertility restoration in the isocytoplasmic hybrids. The experimental design was a 7 x 7 lattice with four replications. The results indicate that there are no differences among the two male-sterility systems (Al and A2 cytoplasms) in grain yield, plant height and panicIe length; whereas in days to blooming. the A2 cytoplasm was a day late than the Al cytoplasm. Different restoration responses were found in the hybrids, as the R LRB-63 line which partially restored fertility in the two types of cytoplasms, while CS-3541 showed a similar response with the LRB-l02A, LRB-104A and LRB- 1l0A lines in the A2 cytoplasm.
El crecimiento y rendimiento del frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) como cultivo intercalado con café (Coffea arabica L.).
Authors: Blaco Moisés , Corrales C. , Chevez O. , Campos A.
Published: October 2018

This article summarizes the results of two trials conducted, in 1991 and 1992, at the Centro Experimental de Café del Pacífico Central-Jardín Botánico, Masatepe, Nicaragua. The main objective was to study the growth and yield behavior of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.- Rev-81 cultivar) intercropped with coffee (Coffea arabica L.- five years old Catuaí cultivar). A Complete Randomized Block design with two treatments and four replications was used. The treatments were: Bean at First (June to August) and Bean at Last (September to November). Plant height was 43 cm and 47 cm, number of pods per plant was 7 and 4, and weight of 1000 seeds was 21 g and 28 g for the first and second year, respectively. The yield was higher in the first year (710 kg/ha) than in the secondyear (406 kg/ha). In both years there were larger values, for all the assayed variables, in the first cyc1e that in the last cyc1e.
Variabilidad genética, fenotípica y correlaciones entre componentes de rendimiento de líneas de girasol (Helianthus annuus).
Authors: Ortegón Alfredo , Escobedo Artemio
Published: October 2018

An experiment was conducted in August of 1991 under irrigated conditions at Rio Bravo, Tamaulipas, Mexico, in arder to observe the genetic and phenotypic variance, the direct and indirect correlation effects of six caracters on the grain yield of the 285, 386, 486, CM3 and VI sunflower lines, which are carriers of cytoplasmic mal e sterility. The results, of this group of lines, showed a high genetic variance in seed weight, plant height and reproductive periodo The characters of grain yield and oil content showed low genetic variance and low heritability, but a higher expected genetic adyance. The grain yield was high and positively correlated with the variables of head diameter, weight of 1000 seeds and vegetative period, but negatively to oil yield. The analysis of direct and indirect effects showed that the plant height, vegetative period and weight of 1000 seeds had a higher influence on the grain yield.
Development and evaluation of isradipine via rutin-loaded coated solid–lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Kumar Vikash , Chaudhary Hema , Kamboj Anjoo
Published: October 2018

The objective was to develop a stable and non-compliance coated solid–lipid nanoparticles (coated SLN) using polymer (Eudragit L100) and lipoid (glycerol monostearate: soya lecithin) for partial dose reduction of isradipine [ISR; 2.5 mg by combination of bioenhancing agent (rutin; Ru) in equivalent ratio]. The physicochemical characterizations were performed by FT-IR and DSC of elected model drug (ISR), drug mixer with Ru/polymer and coated SLN with Ru (ONbp); the resulted distinctive peaks demonstrated that no chemical interaction and incompatibility found between them. The plasma samples of formulation (ONbp) were analyzed by liquid chromatography (HPLC) using UV-spectrometer. Data were integrated and analyzed with the help of a computer-designed program “Kinetica Software” (Thermo Scientific Kinetica, PK/PD Analysis, version 5.0, Philadelphia, PA). The pharmacokinetic study showed 3.2- to 4.7-folds enhancement in oral bioavailability of coated SLN of ISR with Ru (ONbp) when compared to a coated formulation of ISR without Ru (ONps) and conventional drug suspension. In vivo studies were revealed significantly at greater extent in (drug stability and solubility) oral absorption, which has shown potential entrapment efficiency (97.85% ± 1.02%) to improve biological activity against hypertension. Hence, nano-system of ISR against hypertension is achieved with consequent dose reduction with enhanced systemic bioavailability.
POTENCIAL EROSIVO DAS CHUVAS EM LAVRAS, MG: DISTRIBUIÇÃO, PROBABILIDADE DE OCORRÊNCIA E PERÍODO DE RETORNO
Authors: Evangelista Adão Wagner Pêgo , Carvalho Luiz Gonsaga de , Carvalho Luiz Gonsaga de , Dantas Antonio Augusto Aguilar , Dantas Antonio Augusto Aguilar , Bernardinho Daniel Teixeira , Bernardinho Daniel Teixeira
Published: October 2018

POTENCIAL EROSIVO DAS CHUVAS EM LAVRAS, MG:DISTRIBUIÇÃO, PROBABILIDADE DE OCORRÊNCIA E PERÍODO DE RETORNO  Adão Wagner Pêgo Evangelista; Luiz Gonsaga de Carvalho; Antonio Augusto Aguilar Dantas; Daniel Teixeira BernardinoDepartamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, awpego@ufla.br  1 RESUMO Foi estudado o potencial erosivo das chuvas em Lavras (MG) visando à implementação do planejamento do uso da terra local. Para tanto, determinou-se o fator erosividade (R) da equação universal de perda de solo por erosão, para uma série pluviográfica de 15 anos. Seu valor calculado foi de 5403 MJ mm (ha h ano)-1, o qual é esperado ocorrer no local pelo menos uma vez a cada 2,9 anos, com uma probabilidade de 34%. Os valores individuais máximos estimados para os períodos de retorno de 2, 5, 20, 50 e 100 anos foram 524, 789, 1465, 2206 e 3007 MJ mm (ha h)-1, respectivamente. Nos meses de setembro a dezembro, são esperadas altas perdas de solo e água, posto que 40 % do valor anual do índice de erosividade ocorre nesse período, quando é utilizado o preparo convencional do solo e a cobertura vegetal é incipiente. UNITERMOS: fator R, equação universal de perda de solo, conservação do solo.  EVANGELISTA , A. W. P.,; CARVALHO, L. G. de; DANTAS, A. A. A.; BERNARDINO, D. T.; RAINFALL EROSIVE POTENTIAL IN LAVRAS, MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL:DISTRIBUITION, OCCURRENCE PROBABLILITY AND RETURN PERIOD  2 ABSTRACT Rainfall erosive potential in Lavras, MinasGeraisState, has been studied to improve its land use planning. Rainfall erosivity factor (R), used in the universal soil loss equation, was calculated for a rain gauges series of 15 years. 5403 MJ mm (ha h year)-1 was the calculated value and it is expected to occur at least once every 2.9 years, with a 34% occurrence probability. Maximum individual EI30 values estimated for return periods of 2, 5, 20, 50 and 100 years were 524, 789, 1465, 2206 and 3007 MJ mm (ha h)-1, respectively. Highest soil and water losses are expected from September to March, since 40 % of the annual erosivity index value occurs within that period, when conventional tillage is used for seedbed preparation and the canopy is incipient. KEYWORDS: R factor, universal soil loss equation, conservation soil.
ÁREA FOLIAR E EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE CALLAS CULTIVADAS EM SUBSTRATO EM FUNÇÃO DO NÍVEL FREÁTICO
Authors: Muçoucah Mariana Fraga Soares , Klar Antonio Evaldo , Muçoucah Fernando Juabre
Published: October 2018

ÁREA FOLIAR E EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE CALLAS CULTIVADAS EM SUBSTRATO EM FUNÇÃO DO NÍVEL FREÁTICO  Mariana Fraga Soares Muçouçah; Antonio Evaldo Klar; Fernando Juabre MuçouçahDepto Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP, Botucatu, SP,  mariana.fraga@terra.com.br  1 RESUMO             Foi estudada a influência de diferentes profundidades do lençol freático no desenvolvimento de bulbos de calla (Zantedeschia sp). As características avaliadas foram: área foliar e evapotranspiração da cultura. As callas foram cultivadas em estufa de vidro com 50% de redução na radiação interna, em vasos construídos de tubos de PVC de diâmetro nominal de 150 mm preenchidos com substrato. Os bulbos utilizados apresentavam massa verde inicial de 10 a 12 g. Os vasos foram colocados em bandejas com um sistema automático para o abastecimento de água por um reservatório conectado diretamente às bandejas, com uma bóia para manutenção do nível constante. As profundidades dos lençóis freáticos foram: 10, 17, 24, 31 e 38 cm. O desenvolvimento da área foliar foi verificado ao longo do ciclo. A evapotranspiração foi medida diariamente. Os resultados referentes à área foliar foram variáveis de 1.011,6 a 2.016,3 cm2 para as profundidades respaectivas de 38 e 10 cm e a evapotranspiração total da cultura variou de 26,89 L.planta-1 a 46,14 L planta-1   para as mesmas profundidades. A água estava disponível em todos os tratamentos, com restrições aumentadas a medida que se distanciava para cima ou para baixo do nível24 cm com relação ao desenvolvimento da parte aérea. Ocorreu correlação positiva entre o desenvolvimento da área foliar e a evapotranspiração total da cultura.. UNITERMOS: Zantedeschia, bulbo, cultivo de flores  MUÇOUÇAH, M. F. S.; KLAR, A. E.; MUÇOUÇAH, F. J. CALLAS LEAF AREA AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION CULTIVADED IN SUBSTRATE AT DIFFERENT TABLE WATER LEVELS.  2 ABSTRACT             The objective of this study was to determine the influence of  five different water levels on the crop development of Calla. The crop parameters evaluated were leaf area and evapotranspiration. The study was conducted in glass greenhouse with 50% of sunlight reduction.  The plants were grown in PVC pots with 150 mmdiameter, which were filled with substrate. The plant tubers weighed from 10 gto 12 g. The pots were placed within containers, under water level constant automatically..  The  table  water  levels  used  were  10, 17, 24, 31 and 38 cm.  Nine  evaluations   during   the   growth  cycle  checked the growth development. The evaporation varied from 26.89 to 46.14 L.plant-1 for 38 and10 cm water levels, respectively  and leaf area per plant showed 1011.6 to 2016.3 for the same levels.  The substrate  water was more available in the treatment24 cm, with more restrictions  in the upper and lower treatments.There was positive correlation between leaf area and evapotranspiration at the final of the culture. KEYWORDS: Zantedeschia, flowers’s cultive, tuber
ORIENTAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA DE ESTUFAS DE POLIETILENO E POTENCIAIS DE ÁGUA NO SOLO NO CULTIVO DO MELÃO RENDILHADO HÍBRIDO 'NERO'
Authors: Braga Marcos Brandão , Duenhas Luiza Helena , Souza Cláudio Márcio Pereira de , Klar Antônio Evaldo
Published: October 2018

ORIENTAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA DE ESTUFAS DE POLIETILENO E POTENCIAIS DE ÁGUA NO SOLO NO CULTIVO DO MELÃO RENDILHADO HÍBRIDO 'NERO'  Marcos Brandão Braga; Luiza Helena Duenhas; Cláudio Márcio Pereira De Souza; Antônio Evaldo Klar[1] Departamento de Engenharia Rural,  Faculdade de Ciências Agroômicas/UNESP, Botucatu, SP,  braga_marcos@yahoo.com.br2 Embrapa Semi Árido,Petrolina, PE3 Fafeid, Diamantina, MG4 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agroômicas /UNESP,  Botucatu, SP   1 RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos de duas orientações de estufas (Norte-Sul e Leste-Oeste) e diferentes potenciais de água no solo (-30, -40, -50 e -70 kPa) sobre o peso individual e produtividade de frutos de melão rendilhado híbrido Nero (Cucumis melo reticulatus). Observou-se que, de maneira geral na estufa com orientação Leste/Oeste, obtiveram-se as maiores produções bem como frutos de maior peso que na estufa com orientação Norte/Sul. As maiores produções foram obtidas com potenciais mínimos de água no solo de -30 e -40 kPa . UNITERMOS– (melão), Cucumis melo reticulatus, (produção), irrigação, estufas, potenciais de água no solo.  BRAGA, M. B.; DUENHAS, L. H.; SOUZA, C. M. P. de; KLAR, A. E.PLASTIC TUNNEL GEOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION AND SOIL WATER POTENTIAL ON IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT OF NET MELON CROP This study aimed to verify the effects of four different minimum soil water potentials (-30, -40, -50 e -70 kPa) and two different plastic tunnel positions (North-South and East-West) on net melon yield. The results showed that in the East-West position the yield and fruit weight were higher than in the North-South position. The highest yields of melon crop were obtained from  -30 kPa. to -40 kPa minimum soil water potential. KEYWORDS – Cucumis melo reticulatus ,  plastic tunnel, soil water potential