bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Corrosion-free Service Life of the RCC Structures Made with OPC and Ultra-fine Slag-based Binders
Authors: S. Athibaranan  , P. Chandru  , K. Nandhini  , A. Dhanalaksmi
Published: July 2024

The primary factor in the deterioration of reinforced concrete is chloride-induced corrosion. It has a direct impact on the service life of the structure and has been the subject of much research over the past 5 decades. One of the most cost-effective ways to lessen chloride-induced corrosion was identified to be the use of more supplementary cementitious material (SCM). Moreover, when SCMs are ground down to a smaller size, the resulting particles serve as microfillers, which have a significant impact on the improvement of mechanical properties and durability. This paper highlights the influence of grinding slag into an Ultra Fine Slag (UFS) on chloride ion penetration in the mortar specimen. A bulk diffusion test was performed on a mortar replaced with UFS which show a synergic reduction in chloride diffusivity in comparison with control mixes. In addition, an attempt is made on prediction of probabilistic service life estimation by Error function model.
Computational Investigation of Eco-Friendly Fiber Reinforced Composite with the Application of Ansys ACP for Automobiles
Authors: Sidhant Dubey  , Yugendra Kumar Sahu  , T. V. Arjunan
Published: July 2024

Nowadays, natural fiber reinforced composites and their application in various components in the automotive industry are one of the important issues. They are also considered an important   also considered an important alternative to classical materials such as metals. This case study highlights the importance of the automotive industry turning to sustainable materials and practices to address environmental issues and achieve sustainability goals. These findings contribute to the knowledge regarding the process of carbon emission reduction strategies in the automotive industry. In this study, composites were evaluated under static loading, creating similar conditions and loads, but adjusting the lamination process and performing tensile tests of each section. Since   Ansys workbench ACP-(pre) results in different distortions while analyzing data, an Ansys ACP-(post) was used to obtain more accurate results. The results show that composite 2 (bamboo–sisal-jute) of the temporary lamination has the least deformation in the Z-direction and the smallest total value 33 mm and 13987 mm. This study shows that replacing conventional materials likecomposites of steel, aluminium, carbon fiber and glass fiber with Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites (NFRCs) can yield significant reductions in carbon emissions, with potential emission reductions of up to 21.92 times depending on the material replaced. This transition to NFRCs presents a promising strategy for achieving substantial environmental benefits in the automotive industry.
Voltage Profile Improvement in a Renewable Energy Based Hybrid Distribution System
Authors: K. C. Jayasankar  , G. Anandhakumar
Published: July 2024

The technique of designing and analyzing the mixing of high photovoltaic (PV) and wind penetration into the Distribution device is a critical undertaking that calls for careful consideration and assessment. This integration has been meticulously accomplished on a 33kv machine and a 14-bus node take a look at inside the distribution feeder. The objective of this observe is to illustrate the weight flow assessment and the impact of together with Distributed Generation (DG) in the medium voltage distribution community using ETAP software program. It is important to understand that renewable energy resources preserve big capability in assembly the escalating strength demands on a worldwide scale. Particularly on the distribution facet, there is a great absorption of reactive energy, necessitating the equalization by renewable strength assets to enhance the voltage stage in the distribution community. Moreover, an in-depth exam of the grid performance below those situations is important for ensuring the robustness and reliability of the machine. Within the ETAP software program surroundings, the Adaptive Newton-Raphson approach has been employed in the distribution community to facilitate accurate and efficient evaluation of the gadget conduct.
Advancements and Challenges in Solar Radiation Prediction: A Review of Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: K. C. Jayasankar  , G. Anandhakumar  , A. Kalaimurugan
Published: July 2024

Solar irradiance prediction holds paramount importance in optimizing the efficacy and dependability of solar power systems. This evaluative manuscript delves into an array of machine learning methodologies applied in solar irradiance prediction, encompassing conventional methodologies. It further delves into the ramifications of meteorological data, geographical and temporal parameters, data preprocessing, feature curation methodologies, amalgamated learning methodologies, and composite models. Moreover, the manuscript investigates the latent advantages of amalgamating orbital visuals and terrestrial sensors to augment prognostic capacities. Ultimately, the review underscores the exigency for broader datasets, refined feature curation methodologies, and composite models to attain heightened precision and resilience.
Synergistic Effects of Bamboo and Jute Fiber Integration in Geopolymer Composites
Authors: P. Gunasekar  , A. Anderson  , S. Saravanakumar  , R. Suresh Kumar  , M. Yuvaperiyasamy  , K. Sabari
Published: July 2024

Use natural fiber derived from natural products like fruit leaves, tress constituents, and leftovers can now to create environmentally acceptable materials with excellent mechanical qualities. Geopolymer, on the other hand, behave like materials based on Portland cement in terms of fragility and limited ductility. The assessment of bamboo-reinforcement is the main objective of this work. To investigate the impact of the content of mechanical properties and the type of fiber of resulting composites for geopolymer, varying concentrations of bamboo (ranging from 0.4 to 4.0 wt %) were created. Three-point bending, splitting tensile, and compression testing made up the mechanical characterization process. While one of the mechanical tests bend, ing, which is done by the Point method test, suggested a continuous relation between fiber contented and flexural strength, the outcome of the all-mechanical tests, like tensile and compression tests, demonstrated obtaining the maximum strength of the fiber. Conversely, the compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strengths of geopolymers with 2% (wt %) bamboo fiber reinforcement increased to 65%, 45%, and 232%, respectively. In all mechanical tests, the inclusion of bamboo fiber at the ideal content causes the samples' failure mode to change from brittle to more ductile.
Effect of Reinforcement Addition on Mechanical Behavior of Al MMC - A Critical Review
Authors: N. V. Chithra  , R. Karuppasamy  , K. Manickaraj  , T. Ramakrishnan
Published: July 2024

Composites are in high demand in the industry right now because of their low weight, wear resistance, stiffness, and high strength. The functional and structural characteristics were enhanced in response to industrial requirements. Metal matrix composites (MMCs) have been popular in engineering structural applications due to their high specific strength and are rapidly being viewed as a viable alternative to traditional materials, especially in the automobile sector. Particulate reinforcement is one of the ways for improving the composites' strength, ductility, and toughness. The market for Aluminium Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites has risen in recent years as a result of their improved mechanical characteristics, which meet the needs of sophisticated technical applications. The choice of an appropriate mix of reinforcing materials has a significant impact on the performance of these materials. Carbon Nanotubes, Silicon Carbide, Boron Carbide are best among the reinforcing materials. The mechanical, morphological, and tribological evaluations of these five reinforcements were thoroughly investigated in this study.
Utilizing Sludges from Tanneries, Water Treatment Plants and Textile Industries in Cement, Concrete and Brick Production: A Review
Authors: Mehna Najeem Arisiketty  , Preethi Vijayarengan
Published: July 2024

The abstract describes the use of industrial sludges from tanneries, water treatment plants, and textile companies to make cement, concrete, and bricks. It emphasizes the potential of this methodology to deal with industrial sludge disposal difficulties and contribute to eco-friendly industrialization by discovering novel reuse ways for these by-products.
Eco-Restorative Solutions: Unveiling Bioremediation's Impact on Water Quality Enhancement
Authors: Niki Desai  , Hetal Chenva  , Ganesh Parmar  , Varda Mehta
Published: July 2024

As a result of the world's growing industrialization and urbanization, developing nations have the densest populations worldwide. Due to numerous anthropogenic activities, this population growth has resulted in the generation of huge quantities of waste and reclaimed water. The main challenge is creating approaches so that they support wastewater treatment. Therefore, bioremediation is regarded as one of the most environmentally friendly, economical, safer and cleanest technologies for cleaning up sites contaminated with a variety of contaminants, including heavy metals, inorganic pollutants, organic pollutants, oil spill, dye and pesticides. The use of microorganisms found in nature, such as bacteria, fungus, and microalgae has emerged as an ecofriendly method. Using their unique molecular biodegradation pathways, novel bioremediation organisms offer innovative and useful insights. Enzymes, metabolites, and other bioactive chemicals produced by bacteria involved in water treatment can be identified primarily through the use of metagenomics techniques. This review speeds up research on the role of bioremediation in water purification while also providing a brief discussion of the environmental effects of water pollution.
Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Kevlar Fiber and Al2O3 – SiC used Nano-polymer Composite
Authors: T. Sathish  , R. Saravanan
Published: July 2024

Kevlar is a synthetic fiber that has become well-known all over the globe because of its many industrial uses. It functions well as a composite material and is mostly used in conjunction with other materials. This study discusses the fabrication of epoxy composites with different proportions of Al2O3 and SiC nanoparticles with Kevlar fiber. In this process, SiC, and Al2O3 nanoparticles were added to Kevlar fiber and fabricated the composite by a compressed moulding machine for shear, tensile and impact tests. From these test results, incorporating Al2O3 and SiC nanoparticles with Kevlar fiber under various compositions (1% to 4%) influences the composite mechanical behaviour such as strength. KBS 2 has the highest tensile strength of the four sample composites, measuring 5628 N/cm2, among the Kevlar fiber reinforced polymer composites containing epoxy resin. This is the highest value among the composite samples. Additionally, it is worth seeing that the shear strength of the Kevlar fiber-reinforced polymer composite featuring the KAS 2 value of 7735 N/cm2 has the highest value from the other composite including the KAS 1, KAS 3 and KAS 4. Moreover, the Kevlar fiber-reinforced polymer composite with KAS 2 (4.76 J) exhibits a larger impact strength than the composite with KAS 3 (3.42 J), KAS 1 (4.26 J, and KAS 4 (4.54 J). The findings indicate that Kevlar fiber reinforced with 3% Al2O3 and 2% SiC nanoparticles (KAS 2) exhibits superior strength and rigidity compared to the other nanoparticle combinations utilised in Kevlar fiber composites.
Strength Characteristics of Bentonite Nano Clay Stabilized with Addition of Lime, Fly Ash, and Silica Fume for Soil Environmental Sustainability
Authors: V. Sampathkumar  , K. Raja  , K. S. Navaneethan  , N. Jothi Lakshmi  , D. Ambika  , S. Manoj  , K. Sampath Kumar
Published: July 2024

The suboptimal engineering characteristics, including low tensile strength and significant compressibility volumetric changes, are the significant challenges faced during the construction of sub-structures in expansive Soil.  The instability of the sub-structure leads to the settlement of the structure and compromises its safety and endurance. This paper explores how Bentonite nano clay (BNC) reacts with varying proportions of lime, Fly Ash, and silica fume. The ratios used for these additives were 2%, 4%, and 6%. The Compaction Characteristics and the stress-strain curve are analyzed. Incorporating silica fume into BNC leads to a decrease in both the liquid limit and the plasticity index. Concurrently, this addition increases the plastic limit of the clay. As the percentage of silica fume in the mixture rises, there is a corresponding decrease in the maximum dry unit weight and an increase in the optimum moisture content. Additionally, the introduction of silica fume contributes to an increase in the free swell but also it has an increase in the swelling pressure of clay. These results suggest that silica fume stabilization is an effective method for treating expansive clay.
A Sustainable Technique to Enhance the Color Intensity of Natural Dyes on Cotton Fabric
Authors: K. Swetha  , S. Karpagam Chinnammal
Published: July 2024

Natural dyeing of cotton, as opposed to its synthetic counterpart, offers a multitude of benefits that extend far beyond aesthetics. While it imparts unique value to fabrics, its true significance lies in its contribution to environmental sustainability, human health, and cultural preservation. The bark of purple orchid (Bauhinia purpurea), harbors a natural pigment that contributes as a natural dye. Custard apple rind extracts, rich in tannins and other active compounds, have been documented to effectively mordant various fabrics, including cotton. This eco-friendly option offers a sustainable alternative to conventional, often metal-based mordants, potentially reducing environmental impact. Optimum results were achieved with the pre-treatment using casein (8%) and 0.5 part of K2CO3 to 1 part of casein. The pre-treated and pre-mordanted fabric was dyed at 80 °C at 12% concentration for 60 minutes. The colour of each dyed material was investigated in terms of the CIELAB (L*, a*, and b*) and K/S values.
Ultrafine GGBS and Ultrafine Fly Ash as Cement Replacement to Mitigate the Environmental Impact of Concrete
Authors: Kumar Ish , Vikas Srivastava  , Tiwari Shradhanand , A. K. Tiwari
Published: July 2024

Concrete is used as a construction material using all over the world, contributing most important role to infrastructure development. However, it has long been recognized for its environmental footprints. This research paper will provide a study where ultrafine fly ash and ultrafine GGBS are used to maximize cement replacement in concrete without compromising its mechanical properties and achieving a more sustainable concrete, comprehensive review of the environmental impacts of concrete included production, empirical data, statistical analyses, and supplementary materials to mitigate its adverse effects. Drawing upon theoretical frameworks, empirical data, and statistical analysis, this paper evaluates the efficacy of various strategies in reducing the carbon footprint, energy consumption, and resource depletion associated with concrete production. Through overview of CCU, recycled and reuse of materials and an examination of alternative material and best practices, this paper offers insights into the current state of sustainable concrete production and identifies opportunities for future research and development.
Keywords: Sustainable Concrete, Ultrafine GGBS, Ultrafine Fly ash, Mineral Admixture, Carbon Capture and Utilization.
Investigation of Novel Biodegradable Almond Gum - Poly Vinyl Alcohol Bi-polymer Blend for Packaging Applications
Authors: L. Sampath Kumar  , R. Chitra  , M. Sumithra
Published: July 2024

Biodegradable plastics are designed in a way that they will break when exposed to microorganisms.Bioplastics are commonly made from natural byproducts with rigorously controlled conditions of temperature and humidity in industrial environments. Bioplastics can be degraded naturally in the environment, thereby minimizing the hardship on the natural environment by the conventional plastics. The objective of this work is to synthesize biodegradable plastics from naturally available Almond Gum (Prunus dulcis). A biodegradable plastic from Almond Gum (AG) was prepared by solution casting technique. Further, to strengthen the characteristics of AG bioplastic, poly vinyl alcohol was blended with it and the composite bioplastic was prepared. The synthesized bioplastic membranes were subjected to physicochemical properties such as thickness, moisture, mechanical strength and water absorption analysis. Further, the work is carried out to analyze the antibacterial activity and biodegradable property of the synthesized bioplastic membranes. The prepared bioplastic showed water affinity, displaying its hydrophobic nature and a biodegradability of 43% was achieved. It also displayed quick degradation, thus recommended for commercial application.
Thinking through making: What kinds of learning take place when HE students engage with creative arts technicians?
Authors: Cleary Verity
Published: July 2024

Research suggests that technicians are teaching within their role: my study recognizes this learning as both critical and reflective. Structured around a hybrid methodology, including conversation, observation of the making stage, and interviews, the research captures the level of teaching and learning between an arts-based technician and sixteen students. The research shows that critical reflection occurs prior to the making process, during the ‘doing’ stage when reflection-in-action occurs, through material thinking and after the making process, during self-reflection. A critical thinking disposition and reflection gauge was created to identify themes and patterns, resulting in thematic analysis of the data. These interactions within the creative process highlight that much of the technical pedagogy occurs through material thinking or thinking through materials. By understanding the level of engagement, between technician and a student, we gain knowledge on this interaction and the level of teaching and learning occurring. Recognising this could lead to developments within the students’ methods of learning within practice.
The Art of Forgiveness: Art-based inquiry into how art helped in the process of forgiveness
Authors: Kuehn Darlene Garner
Published: July 2024

This article is a condensed summary of original qualitative and art-based research from the author’s doctoral dissertation. The focus of this research was to examine how eight participants had been assisted by various forms of art to work through their forgiveness process following grave injuries and injustices committed against them. Using response art-based research, their verbal accounts, gathered through semi-structured interviews, were examined and further reflected upon through summative poetic reflection and visual art created by the researcher. In so doing, the researcher captured key aspects of how art-making helped participants and communicated those findings artistically. Results indicate that art was facilitative in many ways including the externalization of complex emotions into concrete art forms that could be accessed and transformed into finding forgiveness in the safe place provided by the art.
Body as a testimony of resistance: Reading Kathryn Blume’s theatrical activism
Authors: Eldhose A. Y. , Raghavan Vellikkeel
Published: July 2024

This article intends to explore the political act of transmitting victimhood and trauma into theatrical activism, thereby turning it into a tool to fight against the psycho-social consequences of post-9/11 terror. Kathryn Blume, a contemporary American feminist theatre activist, attains this through the use of testimonies incorporated into the plays as extended monologues of dissent. Her theatrical movement, ‘The Lysistrata Project’, and plays, most of which are verbatim testimonials, especially The Boycott (2007) and The Accidental Activist (2003), act as sites of resistance against American sociopolitical, cultural and environmental issues concerning the current global conflict after the 9/11 World Trade Center attacks.
Application of a quality threshold to improve liver shear wave elastography measurements in free-breathing pediatric patients
Authors: Kim Jisoo , Kamiyama Naohisa , Tanigawa Shunichiro , Yoon Haesung , Lim Hyun Ji , Lee Mi-Jung
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study assessed the benefits of quality threshold (QT) implementation for liver shear wave elastography (SWE) in children during free breathing.Methods: The QT, which adjusts the SWE map display based on shear wave quality, was set at 55%. Phantom measurements (PMs) were taken with a fixed probe using QT (termed PM-1); a moving probe without QT (PM-2); and a moving probe with QT (PM-3). Each measurement was subjected to random samplings of various sizes. Clinical measurements (CMs) were obtained from children with biliary atresia using following protocols: CM-1, manually defined regions of interest (ROIs); CM-2, default ROIs without QT; and CM-3, default ROIs with QT. Elasticity measurements were compared across fibrosis grades, and color patterns on the SWE maps were analyzed.Results: In the phantom experiments, the moving probe produced lower elasticity measurements; this difference decreased upon QT application. With the moving probe, random sampling indicated fewer interquartile range-to-median ratios exceeding 30% upon QT application (4% vs. 14% when five values were sampled, P=0.004). In clinical experiments, QT improved the differentiation of fibrosis grade in patients over 5 years old, with a significant difference between moderate and severe fibrosis (P=0.004). Elasticity variability was positively correlated with fibrosis grade (τ=0.376, P<0.001). Certain apparent errors, termed artificial stripe patterns, were not eliminated by QT.Conclusion: Applying QT to exclude low-quality pixels can minimize measurement error and improve differentiation of liver fibrosis grades. The presence of an artificial stripe pattern on the SWE map may indicate images requiring exclusion.
Quantitative diagnosis of early acute compartment syndrome using two-dimensional shear wave elastography in a rabbit model
Authors: Zhang Jun , Duan Kunlong , Wei Junci , Zhang Wanfu , Zhou Huihui , Sang Lin , Sun Yuanyuan , Gong Xue , Guan Hao , Yu Ming
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study explored the association of the elasticity modulus and shear wave velocity (SWV) of the tibialis anterior muscle, as measured by two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE), with the intracompartmental pressure (ICP) determined using the Whitesides method in a New Zealand rabbit model of acute compartment syndrome (ACS). Additionally, it evaluated the viability of 2D-SWE as a noninvasive, quantitative tool for the early detection of ACS.Methods: An ACS model was established through direct external compression by applying pressure bandaging to the lower legs of 15 New Zealand rabbits using neonatal blood pressure cuffs. Another five animals represented a non-modeled control group. To measure the elasticity modulus and SWV of the tibialis anterior muscles, 2D-SWE was employed. Blood oxygen saturation, serum creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin levels were monitored. Subsequently, the anterior tibial compartment was dissected, and the tibialis anterior was removed for hematoxylin and eosin staining to assess muscle injury.Results: The elasticity modulus and SWV of the tibialis anterior muscle increased with compression duration, as did serum CK and myoglobin levels. ICP was strongly positively correlated with these parameters, particularly mean velocity (r=0.942, P<0.001) and CK (r=0.942, P<0.001). Blood oxygen saturation was negatively correlated with ICP (r=-0.887, P<0.001). Histological analysis indicated progressive muscle cell swelling over time, with damage transitioning from reversible to irreversible and culminating in necrosis.Conclusion: In a rabbit ACS model, ICP was strongly positively correlated with muscle elasticity modulus/SWV. Consequently, 2D-SWE may represent a novel tool for assessing early-phase ACS.
Determining the minimal amount of DMSO necessary to stabilize the Angiomotin lipid binding domain
Authors: Araya Feven
Published: July 2024

Angiomotins (Amots) are a family of adaptor proteins with important roles in cell growth, migration, and proliferation. The Amot coiled-coil homology (ACCH) domain, has a high affinity for non-phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol and mono-phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol. This provides specificity in the membrane association. This membrane specificity is linked with the targeting and recycling of the membrane protein in order to maintain normal cell phenotypes and function. Therefore, we endeavored to understand the protein function by studying the atomic structure of the protein. Our laboratory looked to determine the structure using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which requires higher protein concentrations than those possible in our current buffered solutions. Based on literature reported on other proteins, DMSO can be used as a stabilizing agent up to 33-70% DMSO. Higher concentrations have led DMSO to become a denaturing agent. Therefore, this work shows our preliminary findings for the minimal amount of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) needed to stabilize the domain at higher concentrations without disrupting its native structure. To that end, we determined DMSO related changes in protein structure seen as shifts in the melting temperature that is determined by dynamic scanning fluorescence measurements. As a result, we found that the ACCH domain is denatured in solutions >10% DMSO.
Efficacy of foliar versus soil application of micronutrients on the production of mango (Mangifera indica L.)
Authors: Srividhya S , Thilagam P , Venilla MA , Geetha K , Aneesa Rani MS
Published: July 2024

Soil test-based fertilizer recommendations were calculated for mango @1.25:0.60:0.90kg N: P2O5:K2O per tree and were applied for all eight treatments as per schedule in the Randomized block design in an experimental field. The pooled analysis of the results revealed that the application of Soil test based recommended dose of fertilizer application after harvest + Soil application of FeSO4 @ 200g + ZnSO4 @ 200g + MgSO4 @ 100g +CuSO4 @50g + Borax @50g + MnSO4 @ 50g+ Foliar spray (twice) of ZnSO4 (0.3%) + FeSO4 (0.5%) + CuSO4 (0.2%) + Mg SO4 (0.5%) + Borax (0.2%) + MnSO4 (0.2%) at pre-flowering and marble stage recorded the maximum individual fruit weight (592 g) and highest yield kg per tree (380) followed by the T1 + IIHR micronutrients spray (twice) with yield per tree of 336 kg/tree while the control STCR based RDF alone after harvest recorded 193 kg/tree. The leaf nutrients were analyzed after sprays of the application of T1 + Soil application of micronutrients + Foliar Spray of micronutrients (Twice) recorded the highest leaf nutrient status of Nitrogen 1.55%, Phosphorus 0.224% and Potassium 1.39% and the highest micronutrients in leaf Iron (131.80 ppm), Zinc (20.50 ppm), Copper (37.50 ppm) and Manganese (199.20 ppm) higher as above treatment while, the control recorded lower value of Iron (66.30 ppm), Zinc (9.40 ppm), Copper (31.70 ppm) and Manganese (114.20 ppm).
Fabrication and characterization of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide decorated diatomite composite materials and their adsorption performance for uranium ions
Authors: Yusan Sabriye , Mumcu Burak , López-Maldonado Eduardo A. , EL Kaim Billah Rachid , Bahsis Lahoucine
Published: July 2024

In this study, the composite materials based on the incorporation of diatomite of graphene oxide (GO)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO/diatomite) were developed and characterized by different techniques (SEM, XRD, FTIR and BET). Developed composites were used for the first time in the removal of uranium ions from aqueous solutions. In adsorption studies, parameters affecting the adsorption efficiency such as solution pH, temperature, contact time and initial U(VI) concentration were investigated using full factorial experimental design (FFED). ANOVA (analysis of variance) analysis within the 95 % confidence interval of the model applied to control the compatibility of the model and the experimental findings was examined. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were used to determine the adsorption model and related parameters were calculated. In addition, adsorption thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy, Gibbs free energy change and entropy were calculated. The uranium removal behaviour on GO/diatomite and rGO/diatomite was better characterized by the pseudo-second order and Langmuir models, indicating that uranium ions were chemically adsorbed onto composite materials. Additionally, it was observed that higher temperatures promoted the uranium removal on GO/diatomite and rGO/diatomite, suggesting that the removal process was a spontaneous endothermic and exothermic reaction, respectively. In addition, the adsorption of U(VI) with GO/diatomite and rGO/diatomite was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) study. Configuration and adsorption energy were determined. The GO/diatomite composite materials can be a promising candidate as an adsorbent for the removal of uranium from aqueous solutions.
Preparation of MnO2 modified winter melon-derived biochar for enhanced adsorption of U(VI) from aqueous solution
Authors: Zhou Qing , Du Yanjun , Feng Zihao , Ren Qi , Wang Yang , Chen Xiaoyong , Li Yang , Wang Yun
Published: July 2024

This work synthesized MnO2 modified winter melon-derived biochar (MnO2@WBC) using potassium permanganate oxidation/hydrothermal method for uranium(VI) removal. The factors influencing uranium(VI) adsorption by MnO2@WBC, including pH, adsorbent dosage, time, temperature, and initial U(VI) concentration were explored. The material’s performance was characterized, and the underlying mechanism of U(VI) removal was analyzed using various techniques. The characterization results indicated that the MnO2@WBC exhibited excellent dispersibility, suggesting that MnO2 effectively prevented WBC aggregation and enhanced the reactive surface area, and providing more active sites that can effectively promote the complexation and adsorption of U(VI). The process suggested a dominant role for chemical adsorption. The Freundlich isotherm model demonstrated a high degree of alignment with the observed adsorption behavior, indicating a predominantly multilayer adsorption process. Thermodynamic studies indicated that adsorption was a spontaneous endothermic process. The XPS analysis demonstrated that the adsorption process was primarily due to the formation of stable complexes with C–O, Mn–O–H and C=O. The results demonstrated that MnO2@WBC effectively removed U(VI), achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 240.86 mg g−1 at a pH of 5.0. These findings provided a theoretical basis for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with U(VI).
On the perspectives of oil and gas bearing of the Paleocene deposits of the Berehova and Oriv units of the Ukrainian Carpathians
Authors: Havryshkiv Halyna
Published: July 2024

On the basis of the analysis of the occurrence of the main Paleocene lithological complexes of the Berehova and Oriv units of the Ukrainian Carpathians, four areas with different distribution of sandstones, siltstones and mudstones were distinguished. The selected areas are promising for the planning of oil and gas prospecting and for the increase of oil and gas reserves. Areas of distribution of lithologically sealed hydrocarbon traps are situated where sandstone formations occur. It is established that sandstones and siltstones of the Yamna suite are represented by both densely and poorly cemented varieties, which differ in cement composition, degree of cementation and porosity. The reservoir properties of the oil and gas bearing Paleocene sediments of the northwestern part of the study area were largely controlled by the factors that contributed to the preservation of high filtration and reservoir properties of the rocks at great depths - the thickness of the layers and the type of cementation of the clastic material. At the same time, the formation of the secondary pore space occurred due to the lithogenetic and tectonic fractures, as well as the decarbonization of sandstone and siltstone cement. The varying degrees of catagenetic changes in the rocks of the northwestern and southeastern parts of the study area indicate that tectonic processes had a significant impact on the lithogenesis of oil and gas bearing deposits and the formation of their reservoir properties. It is revealed that the most prospective from the point of view of potential reservoir rocks occurrence in the sequence of the Yamna suite, which is represented mainly by sandstones, is the northwestern part of the study area, where the high reservoir properties of the oil- and gas-bearing Paleocene sediments are largely determined by the factors that facilitated their preservation in the rocks at great depths. These factors are the thickness of the layers and the type of cementation of the clastic material. The complex of obtained results of investigations allowed allocation of the areas of potential reservoir rocks occurrence in the Paleocene sequence prospective for hydrocarbons accumulations.
Prospects for oil and gas presence in carbonate deposits of Silurian age in the Berezhany-Buchach zone of tectonic dislocations of Volyn-Podillia area
Authors: Harasym Svitlana , Lazaruk Yaroslav
Published: July 2024

The Berezhany-Buchach zone of local uplifts belongs to the Podillia promising district, located in the southern part of the Volyn-Podillia oil and gas region. Most of the local structures of the district are genetically related to tectonic disturbances. The structuring factor of the Berezhany-Buchach zone of tectonic dislocations is a fault of subregional extension, probably of a reverse-thrust character. Organogenic structures of the Silurian age are spatially connected with it. According to the results of lithologic-facies studies, they were deposited in lagoon-shelf conditions in a narrow strip 15–40 km wide, which stretches from the border with Romania in the southeast to the border with Poland in the northwest. According to the predominance of the remains of organisms, coral, stromatopore, crinoid, ostracod, brachiopod and algal species are distinguished among carbonates. They are recrystallized as a result of epigenetic processes. The reservoir rocks are composed of silty-detrital limestones, dolomitized limestones, and dolomites. There are both porous and cavernous, as well as fissure-pore and fissure-cavern collectors. Primary porosity is caused by voids inside and between organisms, and secondary capacity is caused by recrystallization, dolomitization, leaching, cavernous and fissure formation. The open porosity of carbonates varies on average from 4 to 16 %, permeability – from 0.01 to 2 mD. In the southeastern direction, the collector properties of carbonates deteriorate. Industrial deposits of hydrocarbons in the Silurian carbonates of Volyn-Podillia have not been established, however, numerous oil and gas occurrences were recorded during drilling. Based on the materials of lithologic and facies studies, the results of studying the reservoir properties of reservoir rocks, seismological and magnetometric constructions, and data from surface geochemical studies, the probable Berezhany, Dobrovoda, and Buchach objects were identified, their resource base was estimated at 48.6 million tons of oil and 1.3 billion m3 of dissolved gas, and the tasks for 3D seismic exploration were substantiated for the purpose of preparing the mentioned objects for exploratory drilling for oil and gas.
Prospects of the oil and gas potential of the Northern Yavoriv area of the Bilche-Volytsia area of the Forecarpathian (according to the results of comprehensive geophysical and geochemical research)
Authors: Duchuk Stepan , Maksymuk Sofiia , Galamay Anatoliy
Published: July 2024

A complex of geophysical and geochemical studies was carried out in the Bilche-Volytsia zone on the Northern Yavoriv area with the aim of detailing the geological structure of Mesozoic and Neogene deposits in the context of identifying oil and gas promising traps of various types and preparing them for deep drilling. To solve the problem, the following studies were applied: seismic surveying by the common depth point method, electrical surveying by the method of sounding the formation of the field in the near zone, geochemical surveying by the method of gas discharge surveying. The main resulting material of the performed geophysical and geochemical studies on the Northern Yavoriv area is a structural-tectonic model, seismic and seismogeological sections, maps of longitudinal resistances and geoelectrical sections, maps of geochemical parameters, mapping maps by types of research. As a result of conducting seismic, electrical, and geochemical studies, the geological structure of the Northern Yavoriv area was detailed. Structural plans by stratigraphic levels are presented: Pre-Neogene surface, Tyrassian of the Badenian age suite, the top of the Lower Dashava subsuite of Sarmatian age, the top of Upper Dashava subsuites of Sarmatian age. The Pre-Neogene surface is represented by deposits of the Upper Cretaceous and the Upper and Middle Jurassic ages. Along this horizon, there is a dip from the northeast to the southwest. The structural-tectonic model is complicated by thrusts, longitudinal shifts, normal and strike-slip faults, which divide the research area into separate blocks. According to the structural constructions on the roof of the Tyrassian suite, against the background of the general rise of the horizon to the northeast in this part, a structural nose can be observed, which has a southeast extension. A syncline can be traced along the Horodok flexure in the southwest along the horizons of the Lower Dashava subsuite and the roof of the Upper Dashava subsuite, within which there is a general coincidence of the structural plans of the mentioned horizons. The difference in structural plans is observed in the area where the horizons adjoin the plane of the Horodok flexure. The Northern Yavoriv structure of the semi-anticlinal type is mapped on the reflection seismic horizon of the roof of the Upper Dashava subsuite (VD-10). The structural and tectonic model of this horizon of the Northern Yavoriv area borders the Svydnytsia gas field through a syncline bend. According to the completed structural constructions along this horizon, as well as a complex comparison of methods, this area may represent a certain interest in terms of gas. It is recommended to drill well No. 1 on the Northern Yavoriv structure in order to search for Upper Dashava deposits.
Use of infrared spectroscopy methods for research of peat (Honchary deposit, Lviv Region)
Authors: Yakovenko Myroslava , Khokha Yurii
Published: July 2024

The problems of peat analysis using near-infrared reflectance (NIR) and mid-infrared reflectance (MIR) spectroscopy methods are considered. Infrared spectroscopic researches of selected peat samples in a vertical section (depth 0–140 cm) from the Honchary deposit of the Lviv Region were carried out using instrumental analytical methods of infrared spectroscopy (near-infrared reflectance, NIR and mid-infrared reflectance, MIR) in order to determine the characteristics of the chemical group composition, mineral and organic components of peat to assess the quality of peat and its further exploitation in various industries. As a result, the spectra of chemical compounds were identified, among which the largest number are: hydroxyl, methylene, methyl and aromatic groups. Direct analysis of infrared spectrogram sections of the studied peat showed significantly greater informativeness of IR spectroscopy in the mid-infrared range (400–4000 cm−1) in contrast to the mid-infrared frequency range (from 3900 to 7400 cm−1). The possibility and effectiveness of using near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy methods to analyze the chemical composition of peat and obtain information on the structure of organic matter at the level of functional groups has been assessed. The advantage of this method in comparison with other instrumental research methods is also its speed and expressivity – the total time required for the preparation and analysis of peat samples was less than 5 minutes compared to 10–16 hours required for determining the content of moisture, proteins, lipids and ash by reference standard methods. Near-infrared reflectance (NIR) and mid-infrared reflectance (MIR) spectroscopy methods can be used and effectively applied in combination with other methods as an analytical tool for peat quality monitoring, simultaneous measurement of several quality parameters and its further use in various industries and development of environmentally friendly technologies.
Innovative study complex of complexly structured hydrocarbon reservoir rocks, based on petrophysical and geochemical parameters (on the example of the Boryslav-Pokuttia zone of the Pre-Carpathian depression)
Authors: Kucher Roman-Danyil , Seniv Oksana
Published: July 2024

The article examines methods of studying the capacity-filtration properties of reservoir rocks of hydrocarbon deposits and transformation processes and the state of kerogen depletion within the Boryslav-Pokuttia zone of the Pre-Сarpathian depression. The complex stressed state of rocks, which arises because of the action of geodynamic stresses, and the processes of catagenetic changes cause the development of secondary pore-crack and crack-cavernous reservoirs. Crack formation is caused by deformation and depends on the mechanical properties of rocks. The development of traps, pore-crack and crack-cavernous reservoirs is associated with rock loosening zones, which tend to tectonic disturbances and to places of intrusion of fluids from great depths into the sedimentary layer. At the same time, two multidirectional processes – thermal degradation and consolidation under the influence of pressure – cause changes that occur in the structure of kerogen during its evolution. Based on the results of the analysis of the actual and theoretical material, the optimal methodical set of studies of the most important characteristics of the reservoirs and the processes of kerogen evolution for the considered zone is substantiated. An analysis of the geological and petrophysical characteristics of the Oligocene deposits of the Inner Zone of the Pre-Carpathian Trough was carried out and database were formed. It has been established that pore-crack and crack reservoirs have a complex structure, and their distribution and capacity are controlled by two factors of different nature – lithological-facies and structural-deformation. It was found that thermodynamic modelling models – maximization of entropy and constants of independent chemical reactions – provide reliable results of the distribution of elements between the components of complex heterogeneous and homogeneous geochemical systems. It is shown that the chosen method of calculating the Gibbs energy of individual components of geochemical systems has sufficient accuracy for use in the above models.
Research of changes in the quality of drinking water in the south-western part of Bryukhovychi (Lviv Region, Ukraine)
Authors: Kalmuk Solomiia , Sakhniuk Iryna , Kokhan Oksana , Zankovych Halyna
Published: July 2024

The drinking water supply of Lviv Region requires special water treatment, a large part of which does not meet the standards due to increased mineralization, hardness and pollution by industrial and domestic effluents. A study of changes in the quality of drinking water from wells of private houses from two streets of the southwestern part of the village of Bryukhovychi was conducted. It was established that for the period 2011–2023 in most of the sampling points, the quality of water has significantly deteriorated, in some – the water composition has changed, many indicators of macro components have exceeded the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). According to the hydrogen indicator, the water from the studied wells is neutral and does not exceed the MPC. According to the degree of mineralization, the investigated water samples from wells of private residences belonged to fresh water, with the exception of the household on the street. Ozhinova, 2, where the water was weakly mineralized. Over the course of 12 years, the situation worsened significantly — in two more wells, the mineralization increased and exceeded the MPC, and fresh water became weakly mineralized. The best situation regarding the mineralization indicator is observed in the well of the household on the Lisna, 8a: the water is fresh, the growth of mineralization is insignificant and the MPC is not exceeded. As for water hardness, in all studied samples the water became hard and exceeded the MPC in two wells. The content of macrocomponents, which exceeds or approaches the maximum permissible concentrations, has also changed. The chemical composition of the studied water samples also changed over the course of 12 years, mainly due to the increase in the content of sulfate, chloride, and sodium ions. That is, in all the selected samples there is a tendency to deterioration of the quality of drinking water. Only from the well on the street in Lisna 8a, the macrocomponent composition of the sample almost did not change, and the water quality of this household remained the best. The content of ammonium, nitrates and nitrites in the studied water samples decreased or increased insignificantly, which indicates a slight anthropogenic influence. Proximity to the Soluky mineral water deposit can probably be a factor in the change in the quality of drinking water. Since the water of the Soluky deposit is sulfate-chloride calcium-sodium, and the water from the wells of the Ozhinova 2, 6, and 7 buildings has changed its chemical composition, being enriched with sulfate, chloride, and sodium ions, similar to the composition of the Soluky, it can be assumed that in the sediments of cracked marls of the Upper Cretaceous, groundwater flows occur.
Welded Wire Fabric for Shear Reinforcement
Authors:   Joint PCI/WRI Ad Hoc Committee
Published: July 2024

This joint effort was cited by ACI 318-19(22).
Italian Cheese: A guide to their discovery and appreciation
Authors: Jaine Tom
Published: July 2024

Italian Cheese: A guide to their discovery and appreciation: Slow Food Arcigola Editore, Cuneo, 2000: ISBN 88-86283-98-9: 309 pp., colour photos, h/b, euro 14.00.
Game-based learning in engineering education: Using the Goldratt Simulator to learn about the theory of constraints
Authors: Hotta Bárbara Yumi , Machado Bruna Andrade , Souza Fernando Bernardi de , Lima Pedro Augusto Bertucci , Alves Anabela Carvalho
Published: July 2024

Paper aims - This study evaluated the application of the Goldratt Simulator as a supporting tool in a Theory of Constraints (TOC) course. Moreover, this research developed an evaluation instrument to analyze the learning outcomes of the game-based learning.
Originality - The game-based learning literature lacks analysis of approaches to teach topics related to the TOC.
Research method - This research employed an action-research method consisting of the planning, action and evaluation phases. The study was conducted in a Production Engineering undergraduate program in Brazil
Main findings - Students who took the game reported that classes were more interesting. Some students opted not to play the game, which presents the challenge of planning learning activities suitable for different students’ profiles. The combination of the game with the evaluation instrument highlighted doubts that students presented regarding concepts previously taught by the professor.
Implication for theory and practice - Game-based learning is a promising approach in higher education; yet, some students declined participating in the activities. Students who participated, however, declared enjoyment in the activity and suitability of The Goldratt Simulator to learn about TOC. These results shed light on the necessity of striking a balance between traditional and new educational approaches.