bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Performance of Biochemistry Analytes Using Six Sigma Metrics in Clinical Laboratory of Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital
Authors: Joshi Bishal Raj , Rizal Shikha , Jha Sanjay Kumar , Bhattarai Kushal , Majhi Bhaktaraj , Chaudhary Sanjeev Kumar , Shreewastav Rupesh Kumar
Published: February 2025

Background: Six sigma metrics is a tool used in clinical laboratories that helps to quantitate the approximate number of analytical errors and provide an objective assessment of quality. This study aims to evaluate the performance of various biochemistry analytes using six-sigma metrics to identify areas for improvement and enhance overall quality control.
Materials and Methods: This study is a cross sectional study conducted at the Clinical Chemistry Laboratory of Naya Lab, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar that evaluated internal quality control and external quality control data of 18 routine biochemistry tests for a period of four months to calculate sigma value. The analysis was performed using a Beckmann Coulter automated biochemistry analyzer. Quality goal index values were calculated to find the reason behind lower sigma values <3.
Results: Out of the 18 analytes, four for level 1 quality control and six for level 2 quality control were found to have a sigma value of more than 6. Similarly, five analytes, namely, urea, creatinine, calcium, potassium, and total protein, were found to have a sigma value of less than 3. Most of the analytes fell between 3 and 6. The quality goal index of the analytes for whose sigma value was less than 3, found that imprecision was the major problem.
Conclusion: This study highlighted the critical role of six sigma metrics in enhancing the quality control processes within clinical laboratories. We identified significant variability in the sigma values of 18 analytes, with some analytes demonstrating excellent performance while others revealed areas needing improvement.
The Prediction of Outcomes in Patients Admitted with Traumatic Brain Injury Using the Rotterdam Score
Authors: Shakya Bikram , KC Bidur
Published: February 2025

Background: Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, necessitating accurate tools for prognosis to guide treatment and improve patient outcomes. The Rotterdam computed tomography score, a widely utilized prognostic tool based on cranial computed tomography findings, assesses critical parameters such as basal cistern status, midline shift, and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. This study aimed to evaluate the Rotterdam Score's effectiveness in predicting outcomes among traumatic brain injury patients.
Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, including 120 patients with traumatic brain injury admitted during a three-month period. Rotterdam Scores were calculated from initial cranial computed tomography findings, and outcomes were assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale at discharge. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were analyzed, and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the score's diagnostic performance.
Results: Higher Rotterdam Scores correlated significantly with increased mortality and poor functional outcomes (p < 0.001). Patients with scores of 1–2 had a 4% mortality rate, those with scores of 3–4 had a 13% mortality rate, and those with scores of 5–6 had a 46% mortality rate. The Rotterdam Score demonstrated strong predictive value, with an Area Under the Curve of 0.83, sensitivity of 88%, and specificity of 72% for low-risk cases (scores 1–3). High-risk cases (scores 4–6) exhibited sensitivity and specificity of 78.6% and 68.4%, respectively.
Conclusion: The Rotterdam computed tomography score is a robust prognostic tool for predicting mortality and functional outcomes in traumatic brain injury patients. Its strong discriminative ability supports its clinical utility for early risk assessment, aiding decision-making and resource allocation. Further multi-center studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to validate these findings and refine predictive models for traumatic brain injury outcomes
Teratogenic Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on the Gonads of Albino Rats
Authors: Sah Surendra Kumar , Haider Sayed Javed , Chaudhary Deepak
Published: February 2025

Background: Teratogens are substances that, when exposed to a pregnant woman, may result in a physical or functional abnormality in the human embryo or fetus. Caffeine, cocaine, tobacco and alcohol are common teratogens. Teratogenecity depends upon the duration of exposure and amount of teratogens. Smokeless tobacco is a tobacco product used other than smoking such as chewing, sniffing or placing the product between the gum and the cheek or lips.
Materials and Methods: This is a experimental study conducted from September 2023 to August 2024 where sixty healthy adult albino rats (11 - 13 weeks old) weighing between 150 -200 gm were bought and reared in the animal house of Anatomy department of Nobel Medical College and all the rats were randomly divided into three equal groups; a control group and two experimental groups (E1 & E2) where E1 were fed with Rajnigandha and E2 were fed with Bhola gutkha as the test materials. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS version 19. All the data were expressed as mean±SD.
Results: Reduction in gross body weight from initial (163±10.59gm) to (149.50±13.83gm), volume from (3.50±0.52cc) to (2.50±0.52cc) and diameters of seminiferous tubules from (348.05±23.33µm) to (208.30±12.30µm) and ovarian follicles from (21.35±3.83µm) to (20.74±2.55µm) and reduction of sex ratio in the experimental groups.
Conclusion: The study conclude that the smokeless tobacco have a wide range of effects on the overall reproductive functions of the Albino rats and low birth weight baby along with reduction in sex ratio which implies that it directly have bad effects on the human reproductive health.
Consumer Behaviour Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Gibraltar
Authors: Menez Robert Charles , Muhyaddin Sanar , Leyva-Hernández Sandra Nelly , Akin Meryem , Can Nurettin , Tetik Selman
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The study aimed to assess the change in consumer behaviour in Gibraltar due to COVID-19. The study also intended to evaluate the use and impact of media on consumer behaviour. Consumers' online behaviour during the pandemic was also assessed in the study. Methods: Quantitative research involving 226 customers from Gibraltar was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Results: Consumers displayed anxiety and stress due to COVID-19, which ultimately influenced their purchase decisions. However, customers in Gibraltar did not display the stockpiling tendencies. Social media, TV, and word of mouth were the most used communication channels for consumers in Gibraltar. Media worsened the fears related to COVID-19 amongst the consumers in Gibraltar. Consumers resorted to online shopping during the pandemic and experienced an unusual online shopping experience. Conclusions: The study concluded that consumers in Gibraltar experienced a change in their behaviour because of COVID-19. Marketers are advised to adopt an agile response strategy, focus on customer engagement and experience, support customers' mental health and deploy a crisis management strategy to deal effectively with the crisis.
Balancing Efficacy and Tolerability: Assessing Treatment Impact and Side Effects in Prescribing Decisions
Authors: Haider Rehan
Published: February 2025

In the realm of medical practice, prescribing decisions are multifaceted, often requiring a delicate balance between therapeutic benefits and potential adverse reactions. This abstract delves into the intricate interaction between these determining factors, elucidating their impact in clinical settings.

Healthcare providers face the continuous challenge of selecting treatments that offer optimal therapeutic benefits while minimizing the risk of adverse reactions. This task necessitates a comprehensive evaluation of available medications, considering their efficacy profiles and potential side effects. Understanding the nuances of these determinants is crucial for ensuring patient safety and treatment success.

This study explores the dynamics of prescribing decisions through the lens of situational influences and side effects. By examining real-world data and impartial observations, we aim to clarify the decision-making process of healthcare professionals. Additionally, we consider the role of drug surveillance methods in monitoring and mitigating risks associated with medication use.

Overall, this research aims to shed light on the complexities of prescribing decisions and provide insights into strategies for optimizing patient care while minimizing adverse outcomes.
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis Caused by Cysticercosis
Authors: Zhan Shaoyang
Published: February 2025

Cysticercosis refers to a disease caused by the larvae of Taenia solium parasitizing various tissues and organs of the human body. It is reported that cysticercosis is most commonly caused by the central nervous system, and retroperitoneal fibrosis is rare. We report a case of retroperitoneal fibrosis caused by cysticercosis and a urinary tract obstruction caused by retroperitoneal fibrosis, which was successfully relieved by transurethral stenting. The complex pathophysiological mechanism of cysticercosis-induced retroperitoneal fibrosis requires further study. In the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, it is very important to consider the patient's epidemiological history and the presence of parasite infection.
Dopaminergic drug Combination for Stomatodynia Eliminates Tardive Dyskinesia Resulting from Higher Dosages of Dextroamphetamine
Authors: H Check Jerome
Published: February 2025

There are many inflammatory conditions under the umbrella of the common, but relatively unknown, pathological condition known as the increased cellular permeability syndrome. According to the tenets of the syndrome, many chronic inflammatory disorders are related to the inability of certain tissues to preclude infiltration of unwanted irritants, which, in turn, causes inflammation and subsequently pain. The exact syndrome that manifests is related to the organ system involved with the increased cellular permeability defect. Though many of these conditions are treated with anti-inflammatory drugs including immunosuppressives (that leads to an increased risk of cancer and serious infection), despite different clinical presentations, all the various manifestations of this condition respond to dopaminergic drugs related to the effect of dopamine diminishing cellular permeability. One rare manifestation of this syndrome is stomatodynia. Two cases have been described whose condition responded to dopaminergic drugs (one patient dextroamphetamine and the other cabergoline). The case responding to dextroamphetamine had not only improvement in her stomatodynia but her frequent severe headaches. However, for years she had the rare complication from the dextroamphetamine of mild orofacial tardive dyskinesia. The tardive dyskinesia was abated by decreasing the dosage of dextroamphetamine but adding cabergoline which still ameliorated the marked discomfort of stomatodynia and headaches. Thus, the combination of these two dopaminergic drugs may help to treat some of the clinical manifestation of the increased cellular permeability syndrome without causing a side effect related to these drugs when used in higher dosages.
Economic policy in the context of global instability
Authors: MAZARAKI Anatolii , UMANTSIV Yurii
Published: February 2025

Global macroeconomic instability determines the vectors of social development and determines the format of market participantsʼ activities. A new methodological approach to substantiating the directions of economic policy modification in the context of the latest imbalances is presenred. In the course of the study, two hypotheses were put forward: the first is that global economic instability has reached a level at which the state should respond more actively to the course of macro­economic processes; the second is that almost in all countries of the world a revision of the paradig­matic foundations of the place and role of the state in the economy is being carried out in order to strengthen its regulatory functions. The key feature of the study is the identification of the most signi­ficant factors in improving the economic policy of the State. The conceptual foundations of economic policy in the context of the complexity of world economic relations are identified and on this basis, approaches to the application of incentive mea­sures in Ukraine are formulated. The direc­tions of economic policy implementation aimed at preven­ting and eliminating manifestations of defor­mation of the competitive environment are sub­stan­tiated. The theoretical and methodological foundations of economic policy research using the tools of the systemic and institutional ap­proach have been improved. The directions of increasing the competitiveness of the national economy in the context of globalization threats have been studied. The vectors of modernization of the national economy in the context of post-war recovery have been proposed
U ŹRÓDEŁ TEREZJAŃSKIEGO DZIEDZICTWA. ROLA ANY DE JESÚS W KSZTAŁTOWANIU PAMIĘCI O DZIAŁALNOŚCI TERESY Z ÁVILA*
Authors: Żukowska Kamila
Published: February 2025

W artykule został poruszony problem sporu, jaki miał miejsce w strukturach hiszpańskich karmelitów po śmierci świętej Teresy z Ávila. Bazując na tekstach źródłowych oraz literaturze przedmiotu, autorka przytacza główne powody konfliktu, analizując dwa przeciwstawne stanowiska wobec dziedzictwa świętej. Pierwsze z nich, reprezentowane przez Anę de Jesús, uczennicę Teresy z Ávila, jest próbą kontynuowania terezjańskiego humanizmu i zachowania dla zakonów słynnych konstytucji z Alcalá, gwarantujących zakonnicom prawo do tzw. świętej wolności.
КВАЛІМЕТРИЧНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ РІВНЯ РОЗВИТКУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ ВИХОВАТЕЛІВ ЗАКЛАДІВ ДОШКІЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Козир Олена Анатоліївна
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to highlighting the problem of diagnosing the level of information culture development of teachers of preschool education institutions. It was determined that the main parameters for assessing the level of information culture of teachers of preschool education institutions can be considered knowledge, skills and abilities related to professionally important qualities of their personality and represent the basis of effective professional activity. The thesis that the information culture of preschool educators includes the following components is proposed and experimentally proven: information needs of educators, leading motives of professional activity in the information environment, worldview orientations, etc.The author of the article presents the process of information culture development of pedagogical workers of educational institutions in the form of a spiral, where each new stage of development is based on the components of information culture of previous periods, while adding new ones to the composition of time-tested ones. In this way, conditions are not only created for awareness of the laws of this activity, but also for determining the basic components of information culture for the purpose of further diagnostics. It is assumed that all components of information culture represent a single system, the components of which are interconnected and mutually conditioned.
Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the author identified the leading components of the information culture of educators (the culture of information perception; the culture of information use; the culture of the organization of information presentation; the culture of communication in the information environment) and their content, the characteristics of the levels of formation of the information culture of pedagogical workers of preschool education institutions were given .
The content and leading principles of qualitative assessment of the degree of development of information culture of preschool educators are disclosed. A basic qualitative model for assessing the level of development of educators' information culture is proposed. A brief description of the leading conditions, which are the driving forces for the development of the information culture of pedagogical workers in preschool education institutions, is provided.
The author of the article proposed the use of self-monitoring (self-management) procedures in order to optimize the work system for the development of the information culture of pedagogical educators.
A Technocratic Ideal
Authors: Fedorka Drew
Published: February 2025

This article tracks the rise and eventual fall of the jeune cadre social type in postwar France. The term evoked the young and university-educated middle manager, an upwardly mobile member of the salaried middle class. The jeune cadre was at the center of postwar modernization and was also an emblematic part of France's “golden age of growth,” the Trente Glorieuses. Building on scholarship that questions the periodization and its underlying notions of material and social progress, this article uses the jeune cadre as a case study to explore the limits of the modernizing project. It highlights the persistent gap that separated elite discourse from the lived experience of ordinary workers and university students who did—and did not—conform to the technocratic ideal.
Book Reviews
Authors: Beltramini Enrico , Sava Radu , Macknight Elisabeth C.
Published: February 2025

Shonaleeka Kaul (ed.), Retelling Time: Alterative Temporalities from Premodern South Asia. London and New York: Routledge, 2023. Preface, List of Contributors, Chapters, 232 pp. ISBN 978-1-032-06205-1 (pb); ISBN 978-1-032-06193-1 (hb); ISBN 978-1-003-20278-3 (eBook). Paperback $52; Hardback $170.00; eBook $39.71.

Lei X. Ouyang, Music as Mao's Weapon: Remembering the Cultural Revolution. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2022, xvii +198 pp. 13 black & white photographs, 13 music examples, 13 tables, glossary. ISBN 978-0-252-08621-2 (pb); ISBN 978-0-252-04417-5 (hb); ISBN 978-0-252-05311-5 (ebook). Paperback $28.00; Hardback $110; Ebook $19.95.

Andrew Prescott and Alison Wiggins (eds), Archives: Power, Truth and Fiction. Oxford Twenty- First Century Approaches to Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023. xxviii +544 pp. 55 illustrations. ISBN 9780198829324 (hb). Hardback £155.
Biografia św. Juliana z Toledo (642–690) w świetle krytycznej analizy źródeł
Authors: Kasprzak Dariusz
Published: February 2025

W przypadku Juliana z Toledo polska bibliografia patrystyczna potwierdza tendencję istniejącą w światowej patrologii, a mianowicie brak większego zainteresowania tak samą osobą, jak i jego dziełem. Stąd wydawało się uzasadnione napisanie krytycznej biografii wymienionego biskupa Toledo. W niniejszym opracowaniu po omówieniu źródeł pisanych i stanu badań dotyczących Juliana z Toledo na ich podstawie przedstawiona zostanie próba historycznej rekonstrukcji jego życiorysu, uwypuklając szczególnie dwie kwestie: żydowskie pochodzenie Juliana oraz prawdopodobny udział w spisku przeciwko królowi Wambie. Dokonana analiza tekstów źródłowych z okresu VII–VIII wieku dotyczących Juliana z Toledo wykazuje, że jego twórczość liturgiczna, kanoniczna i teologiczna potwierdza słuszność królewskich nominacji na biskupa i arcybiskupa stolicy Wizygotów. Znaczące dla ówczesnego Kościoła były podejmowane przez bpa Juliana inicjatywy unifikacji lokalnych rytów liturgicznych wizygocko-hiszpańskich, kodyfikacji prawa kanonicznego dla Kościoła wizygockiego czy stworzenie podręcznikowego wykładu o czyśćcu. Problematycznym w ocenie pozostaje natomiast jego udział w spisku przeciwko królowi Wambie czy uczestniczenie w tworzeniu legislacji antyżydowskiej za króla Erwiga.
NEURAL NETWORKS IN ART AS A GRAPHIC DESIGN TOOL
Authors: ANTONENKO АRTEM , MISHKUR YURII , ТВЕРДОХЛІБ АРСЕНІЙ , VOSTRIKOV SERGII , BALVAK ANDRII
Published: February 2025

The article examines the possibilities of various neural networks as tools for the implementation of projects in graphic design, evaluates their ability to ensure quality and efficiency in the creation of visual content for various types of products. The advantages and disadvantages of each neural network are also analyzed. The work presents the opinions of scientists and practitioners about the variety of neural networks that can be used to perform graphic design tasks. In addition, the results of own practical experience of working with neural networks are given. The study confirmed the effectiveness of neural networks in creating concepts of characters and locations for computer games, illustrations for printed and electronic publications, as well as in the development of trademarks and logos, corporate style and graphic design of packaging. However, their functionality does not yet provide the necessary quality level for such products as posters created on the basis of figurative language tropes; fonts; engineering graphics in axonometric projections showing the internal structure of devices or equipment; layout for print publications, websites and mobile applications, as well as infographics based on stylized images and design solutions for packaging. Maze Guru, Midjourney, and Leonardo AI are best for graphic design content. The ChatGPT neural network is an effective tool for matching peers and gathering feedback from scientists. The advantage of using neural networks is a significant acceleration of the process of creating visual content, as well as the possibility of combining different programs to supplement and improve the results obtained. Disadvantages include mainly English-language communication between the user and the network, as well as discrepancies between the images that exist in the user's mind and those generated by the network. Creations created by neural networks are easily recognizable, and for similar text queries, they can give very similar results.
Resolución de conflictos en la Web3: el arbitraje como «tantum solutio»
Authors: Crespo Vildosola Alba
Published: February 2025

The increase in international trade relations and the opportunities offered by the digital world raise great concern about the number of resources and time invested in dispute resolution. The creation of new markets and digital disruption bring with them an unprecedented kind of disputes, which require agile and accessible mechanisms for their resolution. Web3 brings a new dimension to the business world: the Metaverse overflows all existing boundaries for companies, brands, and social relationships. However, new opportunities for social and economic interaction necessarily bring legal challenges: How to deal with the potential disputes brought about by the synergy between the real world and the digital sphere? What kind of disputes are we facing? What is the most efficient method for their resolution? Is arbitration flexible enough to consolidate itself as the main solution? Considering the challenges brought by Web3, disputes rising both within and as a result of the Metaverse require resolution methods that are up to their challenges. In the absence, at present, of a universal law applicable to digital relations and of a global meta-jurisdiction,arbitration is postulated as a mechanism that could play a central role. However, the arbitration legal community will have to rethink fundamental issues in the face of this paradigmshift.
De un arbitraje comercial a un arbitraje de inversiones
Authors: Sartorio Teixidó Gerard
Published: February 2025

The authors examine the procedural milestones of a dispute between a Dutch investor and a Mexican family, which was resolved in various jurisdictions and before judicial, arbitral and administrative bodies of all kinds. In particular, the dispute was the subject of a commercial arbitration based in Mexico City which, given the impossibility of enforcing the award before Mexican judicial bodies due to rulings that were branded as corrupt, was converted into an investment arbitration, with the Dutch investor claiming that Mexico had violated the fair and equitable treatment to which it was entitled under a bilateral investment protection treaty.
El derecho aplicable al fondo: un debate ausente en las propuestas de reforma al mecanismo de resolución de disputas de las inversiones extranjeras
Authors: Moreno Rodríguez José Antonio
Published: February 2025

The mechanism of international investment arbitration, which historically developed within public international law, has received much attention in recent decades, but its relationship with private international law has been mostly neglected. The modern international investment claims regime faces reform discussions that often center around criticisms of the current arbitration practice; however, a key issue remains unaddressed: the nature of the substantive law applicable to foreign investments. This article is centered on this crucial matter, as the absence of a proper regulatory framework limits the ability of adjudicators (regardless of whoever and however appointed) to produce reliable precedents. It focuses on the critical matter of the applicable substantive law, with its intricacies, complexities, and nuances. Given that there is no realistic hope for the negotiation, much less the ratification, of a universal instrument to deal with this matter comprehensively, the focus can and must shift to current evolution in relevant areas of law related to foreign investments. Given the impressive advancements in public and private international law and international arbitration, the author argues for better interdisciplinary dialogue to effectively address the complexities of the law applicable to foreign investments.
La evolución del mecanismo del arbitraje de emergencia en el mundo y su importación al Perú
Authors: Tafur Sánchez Sergio Alberto , Tafur Scaglia Sergio Alberto
Published: February 2025

This paper intends, respecting the limits imposed by the suggested extension, to address the figure of emergency arbitration from its origins, identifying the substantial differences with the mechanisms that preceded it and that determine its increasingly frequent use. Likewise, the paper analyzes how this figure managed to be imported into arbitration practice in Peru, evidencing the reasons for its expansion and proliferation at the national level. Finally, it addresses a review of the main contingencies faced by the emergency arbitrator procedure for its practical application in the most arbitrated matter in Peru: public procurement. The author identifies the main challenges the figure faces to guarantee a fair and equitable procedure that is consistent with the principle of equal treatment.
Big data analytics for smart cities: Review
Authors: M. Taha Honar , Wahhab Kareem Shahab
Published: February 2025

Data science is driving major technological and operational improvements in cities by providing the necessary automation and intelligence to municipal operations. This work focuses on "Smart City Data Science," This is the process of searching for patterns and insights in municipal data from sensors and internet-connected devices to enhance decision-making and offer residents better services. Machine learning analytical modeling enhances the computer process's intelligence and actionability for real-world services, allowing for a deeper knowledge of municipal data. The report also includes a list of ten open research questions for the creation of data-driven smart cities. The key concepts, assessment methods, instruments, measurements, algorithm kinds, benefits, and drawbacks are also examined. Lastly, some of the difficulties, unsolved problems, and promising directions for further study are highlighted in large data handling strategies in smart cities.
Addition effect of partially stabilized zirconia (ZrO2.Y2O3) filler on some properties of unsaturated polyester resin base matrix composite for In-Vivo applications
Authors: Hanna Al Nasir Waleed Asim , Abd Ul-Jabbar Najim Manar , N. Abdulkareem Ali
Published: February 2025

Polyester-based materials are established options, concerning the production of bone fixation apparatuses as well as the apparatuses in routine clinical application. The objective of present work is to assess the influence of partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) particles incorporation using 5.4%wt. of Yittria particles (ZrO2.Y2O3) on some mechanical properties and water absorption of unsaturated polyester, as well as to establish which features of such material provide the best outcomes aiming their biomedical implementation. The effect of added ceramic filler of partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) (ZrO2.Y2O3) on the tensile strength, hardness, impact strength, and the water absorption percentage of the unsaturated polyester resin base composite, was studied at the weight fractions of (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) % wt. and the particle size < 53 µm. Tensile strength and modulus of elasticity reached their peak values at a 2% weight of PSZ. In contrast, impact strength, hardness, and water absorption percentage exhibited their highest values at higher PSZ ratios. The addition of PSZ particles resulted in a decrease in elongation percentage overall.The addition of PSZ particles at a certain amount manifested a positive influence upon the unsaturated polyester improving their utilization in the medical field, particularly if some anatomical areas require higher materials strength, giving long life for the rehabilitation, and providing the potential for improving the clinical performances of the fracture fixation apparatuses.
Deep Learning for Resource Allocation in NOMA: A Comprehensive Review with Consideration of Classical User Grouping Methods
Authors: A. Al-khafaje Yasser , S.H. AL-Musawi Raed
Published: February 2025

In next-generation wireless communication, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) emerges as a disruptive technology that allows several users to connect concurrently on a shared time-frequency resource using methods like successive interference cancellation (SIC). Power allocation and user clustering are the main areas of attention for this review, which looks into the optimization of NOMA systems that mostly rely on resource allocation, which is vital to improving their performance. Identifying the optimal resource distribution involves a large computational expenditure because of non-convex optimization problems. The adoption of deep learning techniques for power allocation is explored, addressing the inherent complexity of the optimization problem. Deep learning, adept at learning intricate patterns from data, is positioned as a powerful tool for overcoming computational challenges. The article emphasizes that the future evolution of NOMA-based wireless communication hinges on effectively leveraging deep learning techniques for resource allocation, outlining potential directions for future research, and highlighting deep learning's transformative potential in addressing complex optimization problems in NOMA systems.
Provision a generalizable approach to the ranking of credible Twitter users
Authors: Pir Mohammadiani Rojiar , Pir Mohammadiani Zaniar , Dehghan Sogand
Published: February 2025

The abundance of information shared on social networks presents valuable opportunities, such as timely news coverage and user needs forecasting. However, the lack of oversight facilitates the spread of fake content across various fields. Therefore, evaluating user credibility is crucial for responsible social media usage. This paper proposes a topic-based user ranking system on Twitter. The system leverages machine learning algorithms to prioritize user credibility based on specific topics and introduces new features for comprehensive evaluation. Finally, users are rated with 5 models of machine learning, Linear Regression (LR), Support Vector Regression (SVR), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), Random Forest (RF) and Decision Tree (DT) that, DT has achieved the highest accuracy of 82%. This approach offers a generalizable solution for various user credibility assessment needs.
Multi-Factor Classification Using Deep Learning for X-Ray Image Classification
Authors: Adham Ibrahim Alaa , Fattah Polla
Published: February 2025

Medical imaging is a pivotal tool in modern diagnostics, offering detailed visualization of internal body structures. Skeletal radiographs (X-rays) are essential for assessing bone conditions and anomalies. This research aims to enhance diagnostic precision and efficiency by leveraging deep learning models to predict patients' age and gender from chest radiographs. We aim to evaluate the performance of pre-trained models (VGG-16, MobileNet, EfficientNetB0) against a custom ResNet-50 model designed for skeletal radiograph analysis. A dataset of chest X-ray images was collected and preprocessed by converting to grayscale, resizing, and normalizing to ensure consistency and quality. The study employs performance metrics, including mean absolute error (MAE) and accuracy, to comprehensively evaluate the models. The VGG-16 model demonstrated the highest performance, achieving an age prediction MAE of 9.03 and a gender classification accuracy of 83.96%. This research underscores the critical roles of dataset quality and model architecture in improving predictive accuracy, providing valuable insights for developing more effective deep learning models in medical imaging.
The Impact of Street Connectivity on Social Interaction: A Comparative Study of Baxtyari and Iskan Streets in Erbil City
Authors: Shorsh Zhela , Asaad Rawezh
Published: February 2025

This study examines the effects of street connectivity on social interaction in commercial streets in the Erbil area through an analysis of street connectivity. Space syntax local and global measures are applied to discuss the integration and accessibility of street networks in commercial areas of the Iskan Street and Baxtyari Street in Erbil city by utilizing space syntax local and global measures, and these efforts are aimed at enhancing better connectivity and pedestrian flows that reflect people walking around them. According to the results of the study, the street connectivity of Baxtyari street is smaller compared to Iskan street, thus reducing the social cohesion of the street. The evidence suggests that a vibrant, walkable, and social environment on the streets of a business district is essential to its animation and sociability. The purpose of this research is to provide and implement practical advice for city planning and decision-making so as to restore the lost cohesion within urban environments that has been lost for so long.
Analysis of Lighting Performance in the Architecture Design Studio: The Case of Architecture Department, Salahaddin University-Erbil
Authors: M. Kareem Siham , K. Abdullah Hardi , A. A. Agha Snur
Published: February 2025

In the design studios, daylighting and artificial lighting have a primary influence on providing visual comfort and students’ satisfaction with the environment. The design and drawing activities performed in these spaces require an acceptable lighting performance. The aim of this study is evaluating the lighting quality in the design studios and providing lighting design recommendations to improve the students’ creativity and productivity. Observations were performed to obtain physical studio data and existing lighting system. A simulation software, namely DiaLux Evo 10, is used to simulate the lighting performance in the existing design studio at the Department of Architecture, College of Engineering, Salahaddin University-Erbil (SUE). The simulation results of daylight factor (DF), illumination levels (Lux), and glare value are analyzed in accordance to the British/ European Standard (BS EN 12464-1:2021). The results reveal that the lighting performance at the studied design studio is not sufficient, thus the study suggests possible modifications for the type and quantity of existing artificial lighting.
A Review of 3D Concrete Printing in Construction
Authors: Mustafa Salih Zebari Salman , Q. Khawaja AL Harki Bakhtiyar , S. Al Jawahery Mohammed , N. M Nadhif Nareen
Published: February 2025

This article contains an overview of global skills in the application of additive knowledge in the construction industry. Concrete 3D printing allows for the implementation of architectural projects of any complexity, lower production waste, less lack of housing stock, and lower labor, material, and energy costs associated with construction. The primary technologies for printing buildings and other structures are covered in the article, along with their unique characteristics. The issue of materials used for the manufacture of building mixtures has also been studied. Particular attention is paid to assessing the current state of 3D printing of concrete in the world. A review of construction companies, equipment manufacturers, and research centers, which are the main market participants, was carried out. The review also discusses ongoing research, emerging trends, and potential future developments in 3D printing concrete technology. Sustainability aspects, environmental impact, and considerations of standardization and regulations within the context of 3D printing concrete in construction are thoroughly examined. As 3D printing of concrete continues to revolutionize the construction landscape, this review serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers, practitioners, and industry stakeholders seeking a deeper understanding of the current state and future directions of this innovative technology.
Effect of internal curing on concrete properties
Authors: A.Waryosh Waleed , H. Jaber Imtethal
Published: February 2025

Internal curing has improved the strength and performance of concrete buildings. Insufficient curing of concrete has been shown to result in a considerable loss in its strength, leading to the deterioration of the building's structural performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of internal curing on concrete properties. Therefore, in this research, two types of internal curing materials were employed: water-absorbent polymer balls with two ratios of 5% and 10% from the weight of cement and crushed Thermostone aggregates with a ratio of replacement of 50% and 100% from coarse aggregates. Under two types of curing conditions (water and air), was studies and compares the efficiency of the polymer balls and crushed Thermostone aggregates through several tests conducted on (cubes, cylinders, and prisms)from where compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity. The findings demonstrated the efficacy of using water-absorbent polymer balls as internal curing material, and the optimum percentage was 5% for the P5A specimen compared to the reference specimen curing in water. Also, the findings show that raising the dosages of internal curing materials can reduce the mechanical properties of concrete. Therefore, carefully choosing suitable materials and controlling their quantity may be guaranteed internal water curing.
Towards Parks for All – a Case of the Manara Park, Erbil, Iraq
Authors: Tarhuni Salem , Sherzad Shad , Ahmed Shahd
Published: February 2025

Erbil city has many natural landscapes that contribute with the tourism industry in the city and its parks play a role in this field. The city’s parks attract local people and foreign tourists. They provide nice environments that attract disabled people too. Nevertheless, those with disabilities face barriers while visiting the parks. The aim of the research is to study the accessibility of facilities for handicapped individuals in the Manara Park in Erbil and, to investigate the reasons behind unavailability of many requirements. The Qualitative research approach was adopted. Multiple methods were used for collecting information including a review of international codes and local regulations in the field, observations, and an interview. The study delineated the challenges encountered by those with disabilities while visiting this park. The findings demonstrated that a high percentage of observed items contradict to disabled people’s needs. The reasons behind the noncompliance are leniency of applying relevant regulations, the lack of local code of practice and, insufficient funding for refurbishment work at parks. Accessibility for all in terms of providing disabled people’s requirements will increase the disabled visitors to the parks in the city and contribute with improving their mood and health. The findings of this research will assist designers and decision makers in taking into account the needs of handicapped individuals towards ‘Parks for all’ concept.
Design of a Multigate Field Effect Transistor-Based Adder for an Adaptive Filter in an Electroencephalogram Signal Analysis System
Authors:   KIT- KalaignarKarunanidhi Institute of Technology, Selvaraj Ravindrakumar , Venugopal P Suresh ,   T. John Institute of Technology, Guptha M Anantha
Published: February 2025

Various noises and artifacts affect EEG (electroencephalogram) signals and should be removed for effective diagnosis and treatment. The adaptive filter is designed using adders, multipliers and delay elements. In this paper, the design of the adder is presented. The adders form the foundational block of all arithmetic and computational processes of biomedical systems. They form the parts of filters, multipliers and transform units. The Fourier transform used in biomedical analysis uses adders as their basic elements. This work proposes a gate diffusion input (GDI) logic-based design using multigate FET transistors, namely, FinFET. The problem of a dedicated power supply and leakage current during static operation is eliminated in this work by proposing FinFET-based GDI logic. The proposed implementation was compared with existing methods on the basis of energy, power and delay. Implementation was carried out using 32 nm CMOS and FinFET technology. Predictive technology models were applied for the implementation.
Molecular detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates from stool samples in Khartoum State, Sudan
Authors:   Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, National University-Sudan, Zain Safa Alkhatim Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed , Seedahmed Sahar Mohammed ,   Department of Microbiology, Ibn Sina University, Sudan, Nasser Rolla Abdalkader Ahmed ,   Department of Microbiology, Omdurman Ahlia University, Sudan, Idris Alkhair Abd Almahmoud ,   Ahfad University for Women
Published: February 2025

Background: E. coli O157:H7 is a causative agent of food-borne illness. This study aimed to detect the presence of E. coli O157:H7 in stool samples from Khartoum by using a molecular technique. This was a laboratory-based study. A total of 100 stool samples were collected from different types of hospitals in Khartoum State; 54 (54%) male and 46 (46%) female samples were cultured on Mac- Conkey agar media at 37◦C for 24 hours overnight, and colony morphology, Gram's staining technique and different biochemical tests were subsequently performed for identification.

Results: The results revealed that E. coli was present in 70% of the samples analyzed. DNA was extracted via the boiling method, and primers for E. coli O157:H7 were used to detect the presence of genes via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Molecular detection via PCR was performed on 70 isolates of E. coli to detect the target gene O157:H7, and the results revealed that a band appeared in 1 (1.4%) E. coli O157:H7 sample and that no band was detected in 69 (98.6%) samples.

Conclusions: The study concluded that the isolation of E. coli O157:H7 from patients should direct the attention of physicians to the possibility of complications among young and elderly patients.
Methodological Reflections on Long-Term History and Political Grammar in Europe
Authors:   United European Research Society, CHO Hong Sik
Published: February 2025

This research is an attempt to discover the appropriate methodological tool to account for the universality of contemporary politics and the peculiarity of European history. This enormous research agenda can begin with a reflection on European long-term history and the formation of her political order. The conventional understanding of European political order departs from ancient Greek and Roman experiences. But how to apprehend several millenia of history from the classical period to the European Union of the 21st century?
This article firstly underlines the need to identify a limited number of types in European political order. I tentatively propose 6 historical types; the Greek Polis, the Roman Res Publica/Imperium, the Christendom and the Kingdom of Middle Ages, the modern Nation and the contemporary Cosmopolis. I secondly analyze three conceptual tools to deal with these historical types, namely the Foulcauldian discourse, the Kuhnian paradigm, and the Dawkinsian meme. After discussing the pros and cons of these tools, I finally propose the concept of Braudelian grammar to designate both the historical types and the general European political order.
Did Opt-Outs Trigger Brexit?: Legal and Political Significance of Opt-Outs
Authors:   United European Research Society, SHIM Sung Eun
Published: February 2025

In January 2020, the UK's exit from the EU was closely linked to various socio-economic factors, including the increase in immigrants and their impact on the employment market and wages, conflicts between national identity and EU membership, and discontent with political elites. Institutionally, the opt-out mechanism, which allows the rejection of participation in specific policies within the EU, served as an institutional factor that facilitated Brexit. Some scholars emphasize that the opt-out provision has hindered European integration, while others argue it has accelerated integration through 'differentiated integration.' This study views the opt-out provision as a catalyst that deepened EU skepticism and triggered Brexit in the UK, examining its role as a political tool against European integration and in neutralizing EU law. The EU’s opt-out is implemented in four areas: the Schengen Agreement, Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, and the Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice (AFSJ). These provisions are currently being implemented by Denmark, Ireland, and Poland, and the U.K. until 2000. Following the Maastricht Treaty in 1992, the UK opted out of the EMU, AFSJ, the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, and the Schengen Agreement, which not only disrupted the consistency of EU law within the UK but also politically served as a conciliatory measure toward domestic EU skeptics and a tool to mitigate political dissatisfaction among British citizens.