bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studying the UK job market during the COVID-19 crisis with online job ads
Authors: Arthur Rudy
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 global pandemic and the lockdown policies enacted to mitigate it have had profound effects on the labour market. Understanding these effects requires us to obtain and analyse data in as close to real time as possible, especially as rules change rapidly and local lockdowns are enacted. This work studies the UK labour market by analysing data from the online job board Reed.co.uk, using topic modelling and geo-inference methods to break down the data by sector and geography. I also study how the salary, contract type, and mode of work have changed since the COVID-19 crisis hit the UK in March. Overall, vacancies were down by 60 to 70% in the first weeks of lockdown. By the end of the year numbers had recovered somewhat, but the total job ad deficit is measured to be over 40%. Broken down by sector, vacancies for hospitality and graduate jobs are greatly reduced, while there were more care work and nursing vacancies during lockdown. Differences by geography are less significant than between sectors, though there is some indication that local lockdowns stall recovery and less badly hit areas may have experienced a smaller reduction in vacancies. There are also small but significant changes in the salary distribution and number of full time and permanent jobs. As well as the analysis, this work presents an open methodology that enables a rapid and detailed survey of the job market in unsettled conditions and describes a web application jobtrender.com that allows others to query this data set.
A dynamic source routing protocol based on path reliability and link monitoring repair
Authors: Liang Qing , Lin Tian , Wu Feng , Zhang Fan , Xiong Wei
Published: May 2021

The two most essential factors for mobile self-organizing networks applicable to drones are reliability and stability. In harsh communication environments, such as mountainous regions and natural disasters, the use of satellites and terrestrial communication stations has severe time delays due to the high speed of UAVs, resulting in frequent communication interruptions with UAVs. Therefore, UAVs need to establish self-organizing networks for communication and information sharing. High-speed movement will lead to rapid changes in the network topology, resulting in established links being in an unstable connection state and even frequent routing errors, thus preventing the establishment of stable communication links. In order to improve the communication quality of UAVs under high-speed movement, we propose a dynamic source routing protocol based on path reliability and monitoring repair mechanism (DSR-PM). The model performs data transmission by filtering the best reliability path. The link state information is monitored during transmission and broken links are repaired in time to ensure the communication stability and reliability of the links and improve the data transmission efficiency. We simulated the approach in NS2 software and the simulation results show that the DSR-PM protocol effectively reduces parameters such as overhead, packet loss and delay, improves network throughput, and provides better communication performance.
The systemic inflammatory response and clinicopathological characteristics in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 infection: Comparison of 2 consecutive cohorts
Authors: Maguire Donogh , Richards Conor , Woods Marylynne , Dolan Ross , Wilson Veitch Jesse , Sim Wei M. J. , Kemmett Olivia E. H. , Milton David C. , Randall Sophie L. W. , Bui Ly D. , Goldmann Nicola , Brown Amy , Gillen Eilidh , Cameron Allan , Laird Barry , Talwar Dinesh , Godber Ian M. , Wadsworth John , Catchpole Anthony , Davidson Alan , McMillan Donald C.
Published: May 2021

Background

In order to manage the COVID-19 systemic inflammatory response, it is important to identify clinicopathological characteristics across multiple cohorts.

Methods

The aim of the present study was to compare the 4C mortality score, other measures of the systemic inflammatory response and clinicopathological characteristics in two consecutive cohorts of patients on admission with COVID-19. Electronic patient records for 2 consecutive cohorts of patients admitted to two urban teaching hospitals with COVID-19 during two 7-week periods of the COVID-19 pandemic in Glasgow, U.K. (cohort 1: 17/3/2020–1/5/2020) and (cohort 2: 18/5/2020–6/7/2020) were examined for routine clinical, laboratory and clinical outcome data.

Results

Compared with cohort 1, cohort 2 were older (p<0.001), more likely to be female (p<0.05) and have less independent living circumstances (p<0.001). More patients in cohort 2 were PCR positive, CXR negative (both p<0.001) and had low serum albumin concentrations (p<0.001). 30-day mortality was similar between both cohorts (23% and 22%). In cohort 2, age >70 (p<0.05), male gender (p<0.05), COPD (p<0.05), cognitive impairment (p<0.05), frailty (p<0.001), delirium (p = 0.001), CRP>150mg/L (p<0.05), albumin <30 g/L (p<0.01), elevated perioperative Glasgow Prognostic Score (p<0.05), elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (p<0.001), low haematocrit (p<0.01), elevated PT (p<0.05), sodium <133 mmol/L (p<0.01) elevated urea (p<0.001), creatinine (p<0.001), glucose (p<0.05) and lactate (p<0.001) and the 4C score (p<0.001) were associated with 30-day mortality. In multivariate analysis, greater frailty (CFS>3) (OR 11.3, 95% C.I. 2.3–96.7, p<0.05), low albumin (<30g/L) (OR 2.5, 95% C.I. 1.0–6.2, p<0.05), high NLR (≥3) (OR 2.2, 95% C.I. 1.5–4.5, p<0.05) and the 4C score (OR 2.4, 95% C.I. 1.0–5.6, p<0.05) remained independently associated with 30-day mortality.

Conclusion

In addition to the 4C mortality score, frailty score and a low albumin were strongly independently associated with 30-day mortality in two consecutive cohorts of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.

Trial registration

clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04484545.
Hierarchical genetic structure in an evolving species complex: Insights from genome wide ddRAD data in Sebastes mentella
Authors: Saha Atal , Kent Matthew , Hauser Lorenz , Drinan Daniel P. , Nielsen Einar E. , Westgaard Jon-Ivar , Lien Sigbjørn , Johansen Torild
Published: May 2021

The diverse biology and ecology of marine organisms may lead to complex patterns of intraspecific diversity for both neutral and adaptive genetic variation. Sebastes mentella displays a particular life-history as livebearers, for which existence of multiple ecotypes has been suspected to complicate the genetic population structure of the species. Double digest restriction-site associated DNA was used to investigate genetic population structure in S. mentella and to scan for evidence of selection. In total, 42,288 SNPs were detected in 277 fish, and 1,943 neutral and 97 tentatively adaptive loci were selected following stringent filtration. Unprecedented levels of genetic differentiation were found among the previously defined ‘shallow pelagic’, ‘deep pelagic’ and ‘demersal slope’ ecotypes, with overall mean FST = 0.05 and 0.24 in neutral and outlier SNPs, respectively. Bayesian computation estimated a concurrent and historical divergence among these three ecotypes and evidence of local adaptation was found in the S. mentella genome. Overall, these findings imply that the depth-defined habitat divergence of S. mentella has led to reproductive isolation and possibly adaptive radiation among these ecotypes. Additional sub-structuring was detected within the ‘shallow’ and ‘deep’ pelagic ecotypes. Population assignment of individual fish showed more than 94% agreement between results based on SNP and previously generated microsatellite data, but the SNP data provided a lower estimate of hybridization among the ecotypes than that by microsatellite data. We identified a SNP panel with only 21 loci to discriminate populations in mixed samples based on a machine-learning algorithm. This first SNP based investigation clarifies the population structure of S. mentella, and provides novel and high-resolution genomic tools for future investigations. The insights and tools provided here can readily be incorporated into the management of S. mentella and serve as a template for other exploited marine species exhibiting similar complex life history traits.
Elucidation of native California Agave americana and Agave deserti biofuel potential: Compositional analysis
Authors: Lu May Ling , Wyman Charles E.
Published: May 2021

Because biofuels have the unique potential to be rapidly deployed in existing transportation fuel infrastructures, they should play a major role in helping California quickly meet its aggressive goals to substantially reduce greenhouse gas contributions by this major sector. Furthermore, energy crops are vital to significantly impact the State’s large and burgeoning need for sustainable fuels. Among crops amenable to be grown in California to support fuel production, agave pose a particularly promising prospect, given their drought tolerance and high productivity on marginal land in a State prone to drought and limited water resources. This study focuses on measuring compositional profiles of wildA.desertiand cultivatedA.americana, two agaves native to California, to elucidate their potential for biological conversion to fuels that can help meet the huge State need for low-carbon transportation. Results from this study indicate that these two California agave species can be rich in fructans, ranging from 96–314 g/L of equivalent fructose and glucose in their leaf bases. In addition, structural and water-soluble sugar contents exceeding 63 wt.% show that these plants are amenable to fermentation to ethanol and other biofuels. Moreover, because the low K-lignin content of agave leaf bases bagasse of only about 12–18 wt.% suggests low recalcitrance and the negligible acid insoluble ash content should facilitate pretreatment prior to fermentations, the agave species native to the State hold considerable promise as potential biofuel feedstocks.
Shigella-specific antibodies in the first year of life among Zambian infants: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Chisenga Caroline C. , Bosomprah Samuel , Simuyandi Michelo , Mwila-Kazimbaya Katayi , Chilyabanyama Obvious N. , Laban Natasha M. , Bialik Anya , Asato Valeria , Meron-Sudai Shiri , Frankel Gad , Cohen Daniel , Chilengi Roma
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Shigellosis, is a leading cause of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea and related mortality in young children in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Knowledge on naturally acquired immunity can support the development of Shigella candidate vaccines mostly needed in LMICs. We aimed to quantify Shigella-specific antibodies of maternal origin and those naturally acquired in Zambian infants.

Methods

Plasma samples collected from infants at age 6, 14 and 52-weeks were tested for Shigella (S. sonnei and S. flexneri 2a) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and A (IgA) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

At 6 weeks infant age, the IgG geometric mean titres (GMT) against S. sonnei (N = 159) and S. flexneri 2a (N = 135) LPS were 311 (95% CI 259–372) and 446 (95% CI 343–580) respectively. By 14 weeks, a decline in IgG GMT was observed for both S. sonnei to 104 (95% CI 88–124), and S. flexneri 2a to 183 (95% CI 147–230). Both S. sonnei and S. flexneri 2a specific IgG GMT continued to decrease by 52 weeks infant age when compared to 6 weeks. In 27% and 8% of infants a significant rise in titre (4 fold and greater) against S. flexneri 2a and S. sonnei LPS, respectively, was detected between the ages of 14 and 52 weeks.

IgA levels against both species LPS were very low at 6 and 14 weeks and raised significantly against S. flexneri 2a and S. sonnei LPS in 29% and 10% of the infants, respectively.

Conclusion

In our setting, transplacental IgG anti-Shigella LPS is present at high levels in early infancy, and begins to decrease by age 14 weeks. Our results are consistent with early exposure to Shigella and indicate naturally acquired IgG and IgA antibodies to S. flexneri 2a and S. sonnei LPS in part of infants between 14 and 52 weeks of age. These results suggest that a potential timing of vaccination would be after 14 and before 52 weeks of age to ensure early infant protection against shigellosis.
Loss of sphingosine kinase 1 increases lung metastases in the MMTV-PyMT mouse model of breast cancer
Authors: Velazquez Fabiola N. , Zhang Leiqing , Viscardi Valentina , Trocchia Carolena , Hannun Yusuf A. , Obeid Lina M. , Snider Ashley J.
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer is a very heterogeneous disease, and ~30% of breast cancer patients succumb to metastasis, highlighting the need to understand the mechanisms of breast cancer progression in order to identify new molecular targets for treatment. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) has been shown to be upregulated in patients with breast cancer, and several studies have suggested its involvement in breast cancer progression and/or metastasis, mostly based on cell studies. In this work we evaluated the role of SK1 in breast cancer development and metastasis using a transgenic breast cancer model, mouse mammary tumor virus-polyoma middle tumor-antigen (MMTV-PyMT), that closely resembles the characteristics and evolution of human breast cancer. The results show that SK1 deficiency does not alter tumor latency or growth, but significantly increases the number of metastatic lung nodules and the average metastasis size in the lung of MMTV-PyMT mice. Additionally, analysis of Kaplan-Meier plotter of human disease shows that high SK1 mRNA expression can be associated with a better prognosis for breast cancer patients. These results suggest a metastasis-suppressing function for SK1 in the MMTV-PyMT model of breast cancer, and that its role in regulating human breast cancer progression and metastasis may be dependent on the breast cancer type.
What is good grief support? Exploring the actors and actions in social support after traumatic grief
Authors: Cacciatore Joanne , Thieleman Kara , Fretts Ruth , Jackson Lori Barnes
Published: May 2021

Social support seems to enhance wellbeing and health in many populations. Conversely, poor social support and loneliness are a social determinant of poor health outcomes and can adversely affect physical, emotional, and mental well-being. Social support is especially important in traumatic grief. However, the ways in which grieving individuals interpret and define social support is not well understood, and little is known about what specific behaviours are perceived as helpful. Using qualitative description and content analysis, this study assessed bereaved individuals’ satisfaction of social support in traumatic grief, using four categories of social support as a framework. Findings suggest inadequate satisfaction from professional, familial, and community support. Pets emerged with the most satisfactory ratings. Further, findings suggest that emotional support is the most desired type of support following traumatic loss. Implications for supporting bereaved individuals within and beyond the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.
Impaired 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 action and hypophosphatemia underlie the altered lacuno-canalicular remodeling observed in the Hyp mouse model of XLH
Authors: Yuan Ye , Jagga Supriya , Martins Janaina S. , Rana Rakshya , Pajevic Paola Divieti , Liu Eva S.
Published: May 2021

Osteocytes remodel the perilacunar matrix and canaliculi. X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is characterized by elevated serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), leading to decreased 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) production and hypophosphatemia. Bones from mice with XLH (Hyp) have enlarged osteocyte lacunae, enhanced osteocyte expression of genes of bone remodeling, and impaired canalicular structure. The altered lacuno-canalicular (LCN) phenotype is improved with 1,25D or anti-FGF23 antibody treatment, pointing to roles for 1,25D and/or phosphate in regulating this process. To address whether impaired 1,25D action results in LCN alterations, the LCN phenotype was characterized in mice lacking the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in osteocytes (VDRf/f;DMP1Cre+). Mice lacking the sodium phosphate transporter NPT2a (NPT2aKO) have hypophosphatemia and high serum 1,25D levels, therefore the LCN phenotype was characterized in these mice to determine if increased 1,25D compensates for hypophosphatemia in regulating LCN remodeling. Unlike Hyp mice, neither VDRf/f;DMP1Cre+ nor NPT2aKO mice have dramatic alterations in cortical microarchitecture, allowing for dissecting 1,25D and phosphate specific effects on LCN remodeling in tibial cortices. Histomorphometric analyses demonstrate that, like Hyp mice, tibiae and calvariae in VDRf/f;DMP1Cre+ and NPT2aKO mice have enlarged osteocyte lacunae (tibiae: 0.15±0.02μm2(VDRf/f;DMP1Cre-) vs 0.19±0.02μm2(VDRf/f;DMP1Cre+), 0.12±0.02μm2(WT) vs 0.18±0.0μm2(NPT2aKO), calvariae: 0.09±0.02μm2(VDRf/f;DMP1Cre-) vs 0.11±0.02μm2(VDRf/f;DMP1Cre+), 0.08±0.02μm2(WT) vs 0.13±0.02μm2(NPT2aKO), p<0.05 all comparisons) and increased immunoreactivity of bone resorption marker Cathepsin K (Ctsk). The osteocyte enriched RNA isolated from tibiae in VDRf/f;DMP1Cre+ and NPT2aKO mice have enhanced expression of matrix resorption genes that are classically expressed by osteoclasts (Ctsk, Acp5, Atp6v0d2, Nhedc2). Treatment of Ocy454 osteocytes with 1,25D or phosphate inhibits the expression of these genes. Like Hyp mice, VDRf/f;DMP1Cre+ and NPT2aKO mice have impaired canalicular organization in tibia and calvaria. These studies demonstrate that hypophosphatemia and osteocyte-specific 1,25D actions regulate LCN remodeling. Impaired 1,25D action and low phosphate levels contribute to the abnormal LCN phenotype observed in XLH.
Effect of pegbovigrastim on clinical mastitis and uterine disease during a full lactation in grazing dairy cows
Authors: Barca Joaquín , Meikle Ana , Bouman Mette , Gnemmi Giovanni , Ruiz Rodrigo , Schukken Ynte H.
Published: May 2021

In this randomized controlled trial on four commercial grazing dairy farms, we investigated whether pegbovigrastim (PEG) treatment affects clinical mastitis (CM) and uterine disease (i.e. retained placenta (RP), metritis and endometritis) occurrence during a full lactation. The association of prepartum body condition score and prepartum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration with disease occurrence was also evaluated. Holstein cows were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: first PEG dose approximately 7 d before the expected calving date and a second dose within 24 h after calving (PEG) compared to untreated controls (Control). In total, 2,153 animals were included in the study: 733 primiparous cows (Control = 391, PEG = 342) and 1420 multiparous cows (Control = 723, PEG = 697). Treatment effects were evaluated with generalized linear mixed models and Cox’s proportional hazard models. Treatment with PEG reduced the occurrence of a first case of CM during the first 30 days in milk (DIM) by 24.6% and reduced the hazard of a first case and the rate of total cases of CM during the full lactation. All PEG treatment effects were independent of parity. Prepartum body condition score interacted with PEG treatment: in over-conditioned cows, PEG reduced the occurrence of a first case of CM during the first 30 DIM by 49.5%. The hazard analysis of a first case of CM during the full lactation suggested that the preventive effect of PEG disappeared with increasing DIM. Treatment with PEG did not affect the occurrence of RP or metritis. Pegbovigrastim treated cows with metritis subsequently showed a reduced occurrence of endometritis compared to control cows with metritis. Pegbovigrastim reduces the occurrence of CM particularly in cows at risk of elevated lipid mobilization, and PEG ameliorates the uterine healing process in cows that experienced metritis.
Developing an applied model for making decisions towards the end of life about care for someone with dementia
Authors: Davies Nathan , De Souza Tanisha , Rait Greta , Meehan Jessica , Sampson Elizabeth L.
Published: May 2021

Background

Many people with dementia reach the end-of-life without an advance care plan. Many are not ready to have conversations about end-of-life, and decision-making is left to their families and professionals when they no longer have capacity. Carers may benefit from further support with decision-making. To develop this support, it is important to understand the decision-making process.

Aim

Explore with family carers and people living with dementia the decision-making process and factors that influence decision-making in dementia end of life care, to produce a model of decision-making in the context of dementia end-of-life care.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews with 21 family carers and 11 people with dementia in England (2018–2019) from memory clinics, general practice and carer organisations. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis and findings were mapped onto the Interprofessional Shared Decision Making model, refined to produce a modified model of decision-making in dementia.

Results

Participants described five key decisions towards the end-of-life as examples of decision making. We used these experiences to produce a modified model of decision-making in dementia end-of-life-care. The model considers the contextual factors that influence the decision-making process, including: personal preferences; advance care planning and Lasting Power of Attorney; capacity and health and wellbeing of the person with dementia; support from others and clarity of roles. The decision-making process consists of seven inter-linked stages: 1) identifying the decision maker or team; 2) sharing and exchanging information; 3) clarifying values and preferences; 4) managing and considering emotions; 5) considering the feasibility of options; 6) balancing preferred choice and the actual choice; and 7) implementation and reflecting on outcomes.

Conclusions

The modified model breaks down the decision-making process and attempts to simplify the process while capturing the subtle nuances of decision making. It provides a framework for conversations and supporting decisions by carers.
The RyfA small RNA regulates oxidative and osmotic stress responses and virulence in uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Bessaiah Hicham , Pokharel Pravil , Loucif Hamza , Kulbay Merve , Sasseville Charles , Habouria Hajer , Houle Sébastien , Bernier Jacques , Massé Éric , Van Grevenynghe Julien , Dozois Charles M.
Published: May 2021

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common bacterial infectious disease in humans, and strains of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the most frequent cause of UTIs. During infection, UPEC must cope with a variety of stressful conditions in the urinary tract. Here, we demonstrate that the small RNA (sRNA) RyfA of UPEC strains is required for resistance to oxidative and osmotic stresses. Transcriptomic analysis of the ryfA mutant showed changes in expression of genes associated with general stress responses, metabolism, biofilm formation and genes coding for cell surface proteins. Inactivation of ryfA in UPEC strain CFT073 decreased urinary tract colonization in mice and the ryfA mutant also had reduced production of type 1 and P fimbriae (pili), adhesins which are known to be important for UTI. Furthermore, loss of ryfA also reduced UPEC survival in human macrophages. Thus, ryfA plays a key regulatory role in UPEC adaptation to stress, which contributes to UTI and survival in macrophages.
The Influence of Emotion on Preservice Teachers as they Learn to Assess Student Learning Assess Student Learning
Authors:   University of Waikato, New Zealand,, Edwards Frances
Published: May 2021

This paper explores the experience of emotion for eight preservice teachers as they learn to assess their students while concurrently being assessed. This qualitative study utilised semi-structured interviews and assessment-related artefacts. Findings indicate that emotional engagement influenced preservice teachers’ assessment decision making. The teachers also experienced emotional reactions as in turn they were assessed. This paper argues for the need of preservice teachers to be cognisant of the influence of emotion on themselves and their work, to allow them to better rationalise their assessment decision making and reflect on their practice.
Stadttexte und Selbstbilder der Prager Moderne(n)
Authors: Mascher Ulrike
Published: May 2021

»Aber war man als Prager Tscheche, Deutscher oder Jude?«, fragt der Philosoph Vilém Flusser in seinen Erinnerungen. Im mehrsprachigen, plurikulturellen Prag der Moderne sind Stadterfahrung und Identitätsdiskurse untrennbar miteinander verflochten. Wie wird die Stadt in deutsch- und tschechischsprachigen Texten aus der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts modelliert und zu individuellen wie kollektiven Identitätsentwürfen ins Verhältnis gesetzt? Ulrike Mascher legt eine umfangreiche komparatistische Abhandlung zu dieser Thematik vor, indem sie deutsch- und tschechischsprachige Pragtexte der Zeit parallel liest und damit eingefahrene Forschungsmeinungen revidieren kann.
In memoriam — Emmanuel Belin
Authors: Ghislaine Moucharte
Published: May 2021

In memoriam
30 лет приватизации жилья в России: удалось ли воспитать ответственных собственников?
Authors: Литвинцев Денис Борисович
Published: May 2021

Приватизация жилья в России почти 30 лет назад привела к появлению нового социального класса — собственников общего имущества в многоквартирных домах. Посредством участия в общих собраниях собственники управляют этим имуществом и принимают решения о его использовании. Статья отражает результаты социологического исследования итогов реализации одного из ключевых направлений «Стратегии развития жилищно-коммунального хозяйства в Российской Федерации на период до 2020 года» — формирования активных и ответственных собственников помещений в многоквартирных домах. В результате интернет-опроса 675 жителей Новосибирска, привлеченных посредством методики локального ривер-сэмплинга, делается вывод о том, что реформа жилищно-коммунального хозяйства в России состоялась не в полной мере. Более трети собственников никогда не принимают участие в общих собраниях потому, что не видят в этом никакого смысла и/или не находят на это времени. Более чем в половине многоквартирных домов не избран совет дома. Уровень жилищной грамотности собственников достаточно низкий: они до конца не понимают свои права и обязанности, не осознают общее имущество как объект права и т.п. В ходе корреляционного анализа было установлено, что такие факторы, как возраст, образование, знание норм жилищного законодательства, знакомство с соседями и участие в общественных мероприятиях, желание иметь квартиру в конкретном доме и наличие избранного совета дома, влияют на степень активности собственников в управлении многоквартирным домом посредством участия в общих собраниях. Сформирован профиль ответственного собственника и образ многоквартирного дома, где такие собственники проживают. Предложены рекомендации по совершенствованию жилищной политики и жилищного законодательства Российской Федерации с целью повышения жилищной грамотности.
«У меня нет страха»: ковид-диссиденты в поисках агентности и правды
Authors: Кирзюк Анна Андреевна
Published: May 2021

В статье рассматривается, как формируется ковид-диссидентский взгляд на пандемию. Анализ полуструктурированных интервью с ковид-диссидентами (N = 21) показывает, что, в равной степени не доверяя СМИ, они по-разному отвечают на вопрос «кому и зачем нужно преувеличивать опасность коронавируса?». «Умеренные» диссиденты видят за медийными сообщениями о пандемии борьбу частных экономических интересов, а «радикальные» — мировой заговор, угрожающий жизни и свободе людей. Также ковид-диссиденты под разными углами смотрят на ограничительные меры: хотя «радикальные» относятся к ним менее терпимо, чем «умеренные», только немногие «радикалы» встают на путь открытого сопротивления. В статье показано, что «радикальный» взгляд на пандемию связан, с одной стороны, с переживанием «паники агентности» (Т. Мелли), а с другой — с пессимистическим восприятием будущего. Важную роль в оценке ограничительных мер играет допандемийный опыт увлечения идеями и практиками альтернативной медицины. Нежелание отдавать государству приобретенную в результате этого опыта «самодельную агентность» (С. Хардинг, К. Стюарт) толкает некоторых «радикальных» диссидентов на путь активного сопротивления ограничительным мерам.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в рамках гранта, предоставленного Министерством науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (№ соглашения о предоставлении гранта: 075-15-2020-908).
Автор выражает благодарность Алексею Титкову (МВШСЭН) за полезные замечания, высказанные после прочтения чернового варианта статьи.
Silver nanoparticles elicited physiological, biochemical, and antioxidant modifications in rice plants to control Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Sultana Tahira , Javed Bilal , Raja Naveed Iqbal , Mashwani Zia-ur-Rehman
Published: May 2021

This study was carried out to analyze the effects of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on physiological, biochemical, and enzymatic attributes of rice plants against Aspergillus flavus. The plant-based AgNPs were synthesized by using the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves. The characterization of AgNPs was accomplished through UV-visible spectrophotometry, SEM, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, which confirmed that the nanoparticles are crystalline and are less than 100 nm in size. The exogenous applications of different concentrations of AgNPs (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L) on rice plants in field experiments were used to control the proliferation of A. flavus. The effects of biosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated for physiological (relative water content, membrane stability index, and chlorophyll content), nonenzymatic metabolites (total phenolic, total flavonoid, proline, soluble sugar, and protein contents), and enzymatic metabolites (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) in rice plants under biotic stress, and 50 mg/L concentration of AgNPs was found to be effective to elicit biochemical modifications to reduce biotic stress. The 50 mg/L concentration of AgNPs was also effective in controlling the proliferation of fungal pathogen. The applications of AgNPs reduced the biotic stress by decreasing the production level of osmolytes, enzymatic, and nonenzymatic compounds but significantly increased the protein content.
The Discovery of the Gold Seal in 1784 and the Waves of Historiography Ever Since
Authors: Fogel Joshua A.
Published: May 2021

According to the Hou Han shu, in 57 B.C.E. an emissary from the land we now call Japan arrived at the court of the Later Han dynasty in Luoyang. Although we don’t know his name or who his sovereign was, he was awarded a seal and ribbon. The seal promptly disappeared from history for the next 1,727 years. It was unexpectedly discovered in an irrigation ditch being repaired by a farmer in Kyushu. For the next 233 years until now, every detail about this golden seal has been the topic of extensive debate with over 350 books and articles devoted to the topic. This essay discusses that lengthy debate and tries to understand it on its own terms.
Ideals and Reality: Sun Yat-sen’s Dream for Asia
Authors: Kaiyuan Zhang
Published: May 2021

When planning China’s future revolution, Sun Yat-sen at one time used the model of the West. Since China is after all a part of Asia, however, and as his understanding of the corrupt and critical state of the Western system of capitalism grew, he eventually looked once again to Asia. He advocated collaborating with Japan, and approved of allying with various oppressed peoples in Asia. He planned to join forces with other Asian nations in order to stop Western encroachment in Asia. He divided the world into two major categories: the oppressors and the oppressed. He sought independence, equality, prosperity, and power for the oppressed, and proposed a new world order of peace and justice. He considered nationalism to be the basis of cosmopolitanism. Only by restoring national equality to the oppressed nations would those nations be able to move toward cosmopolitanism. For Sun, societies should deal appropriately with the relationship between cosmopolitanism and nationalism, both of which necessarily were to endure profound, universal judgment from people around the world. Humankind was to reawaken and rally together to help their own respective cultures. China’s traditional morality was to spread to merge with the morally good elements of every country in the world, creating the foundation for building a new world citizen morality.
Influence of fiber type on mechanical properties of lightweight cement-based composites
Authors: Chen Wenhua , Ji Xiaohua , Huang Zhiyi
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the influence of fiber types, including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber, polyethylene (PE) fiber, and steel fiber (SF), on the compressive strength, flexural strength, bending toughness, and tensile ductility of lightweight cement-based composites. The fiber dispersion and the microscopic morphology were assessed using fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes. The result showed that the SFs had the best effect in enhancing the compressive and flexural strengths of lightweight cement-based composites, and its compressive and flexural strengths reached 88.9 and 17.6 MPa, respectively. Compared with the PVA and the SFs, the PE fiber had the most significant effect on the ductility of lightweight cement-based composites; the tensile strength and the ultimate tensile strain were 3.29 MPa and 2.56%, respectively, due to a very high bridging capability provided by the PE fiber. A large amount of hydration products adhered to the surface of the PVA fiber, which improved the adhesion between the cement matrix and the PVA fiber and caused the rupture of most of the PVA fiber. Overall, lightweight toughness cement-based composites containing PVA and PE fibers have a good deformability, which can meet the needs of construction and transportation engineering applications.
Engineering of composite materials made of epoxy resins modified with recycled fine aggregate
Authors: Krzywiński Kamil , Sadowski Łukasz , Piechówka-Mielnik Magdalena
Published: May 2021

The paper presents studies performed on polymer-cementitious composite made of epoxy resin coating modified with aggregate and cementitious substrate. Epoxy resin is a perfect material that can be used to protect cementitious materials. According to its manufacturer, it can be mixed with fine aggregate. Coarse aggregate made of building demolition wastes is mostly utilized in concrete mixtures or road structures. Fine aggregate is not widely used. Therefore, the novelty of this research was the utilization of recycled fine aggregate (RFA) in epoxy resin coatings. Natural fine aggregate (NFA) was also used as an extender in the coating. The natural aggregate in the coating was partially replaced with recycled aggregate in amounts of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of its weight. Sixteen specimens of polymer-cementitious composites were prepared for the flexural tensile strength test, and thirty-two specimens for the compressive strength test. The macroscale tests were performed after 35 days of curing (28 days – cementitious substrate, and 7 days – epoxy resin). The results show that the epoxy resin coating does not affect the flexural tensile and compressive strength of the analyzed composites. Moreover, the type of aggregate used in the coating does not have a significant impact on the measured properties of polymer-cementitious composites. Economic analysis was performed in order to estimate the cost of the natural and RFAs used in epoxy resin coatings. The calculations show that a higher amount of RFA should be used to increase savings.
The Feeling of Freedom, Planetary Affect, and Feminist Emotion
Authors: Woodward Kathleen
Published: May 2021

Video artist Cecelia Condit’s recent work offers a rich visual and sonic poetics of feeling, engaging multiple varieties of sensation, affect, and emotion. Drawing on Erin Manning’s theory of preacceleration, this essay provides a close reading of Condit’s beguiling Within a Stone’s Throw (2012) as an environmental piece and in the context of her other work and her life. It argues that Condit’s solitary video work in Ireland’s rocky region resulted in a feeling of freedom that not only enabled her to create Within a Stone’s Throw—part environmental artwork, part performance piece, part impersonal self-portrait—but also served as a catalyst for feminist emotion that explodes in triumph in I’ve Been Afraid (2020). Paradoxically, then, in Within a Stone’s Throw we find the emergence of “planetary affect,” a mode of being on Earth that doesn’t center human subjectivity in forceful psychological and social emotions, but does enable them.
Features of early diagnosis and treatment tactics of acute pancreatitis in pregnant women
Authors:   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kуiv, Ukraine, Golyanovskyi O.V. , Feleshtynskyi Ya.P. ,   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kyiv, Ukraine, Pavliv T.P. ,   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kуiv, Ukraine, Goncharenko D.O. ,   Kyiv Oblast Center for Maternal and Child Health, Ukraine
Published: May 2021

The frequency of acute pancreatitis during pregnancy is from 1: 1000 to 1:10 000 of deliveries. Biliary pancreatitis complicates the pregnancies from 1: 1500 to 1: 3300. The development of complications is associated with difficulty in diagnosis and late determination of diagnosis. The objective: improvement of early diagnosis and complex treatment of acute pancreatitis in pregnant women in order to reduce the complications of the mother and the fetus / newborn. Materials and methods. The analysis of diagnostic results and complex treatment of 123 pregnant women was carried out. The treatment group consisted of 61 pregnant women with acute pancreatitis for the period from 2012–2018, using the developed diagnostic and treatment algorithm and the experimental group included 62 pregnant women, from 2006 to 2012, using traditional methods of treatment and diagnosis. Results. In the treatment group, when applying the diagnostic and treatment algorithm, 100% of patients had acute pancreatitis at an early stage of the disease, which allowed us to obtain the effect of conservative therapy in 27 (44.3%) pregnant women, in 31 (50.8%) cases with the use of delivery and surgical interventions and avoid postoperative lethality, whereas in the experimental group, the effect of conservative treatment was only in 21 (33.9%) cases, and the mortality rate was 1 (1.6%) with pancreonecrosis. In the experimental group in 26 (41.9%) patients, this diagnosis was established only on day 8 ± 2.1 from the onset of the disease. Conclusion. The use of a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm in comparison with traditional methods can diagnose acute pancreatitis in pregnant women at an early stage, reduce the number of pregnancy complications and maternal mortality. Key words: pregnancy, acute pancreatitis, diagnosis, treatment.
Interdisciplinary approach in management of women’s chronic pelvic pain
Authors:   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kуiv, Ukraine, Zhuk S.I. , Gordiychuk O.A. ,   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine
Published: May 2021

This review represents a look at the problem of chronic pelvic pain syndrome of obstetrician-gynecologist and neurologist. The necessity of an interdisciplinary approach at different stages of medical care for these women is shown in the review (from prevention and diagnosis to treatment and the establishment of a long-term medical supervision of these patients). The existing contradictions in this issue are shown and the necessity of creating a single classification and elaborating individual approaches to treatment is underlined. Key words: chronic pelvic pain, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, interdisciplinary approach.
Estimation of shear strength parameters of soil using Optimized Inference Intelligence System
Authors: Pham Binh Thai , Amiri Mahdis , Nguyen Manh Duc , Ngo Trinh Quoc , Nguyen Kien Trung , Tran Hieu Trung , Vu Hoanng , Anh Bui Thi Quynh , Le Hiep Van , Prakash Indra
Published: May 2021

In recent years, machine learning techniques have been developed and used to build intelligent information systems for solving problems in various fields. In this study, we have used Optimized Inference Intelligence System namely ANFIS-PSO which is a combination of Adaptive Neural-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for the estimation of shear strength parameters of the soils (Cohesion “C” and angle of internal friction “φ”). These parameters are required for designing the foundation of civil engineering structures. Normally, shear parameters of soil are determined either in the field or in the laboratory which require time, expertise and equipments. Therefore, in this study, we have applied a hybrid model ANFIS-PSO for quick and cost-effective estimation of shear parameters of soil based on the other six physical parameters namely clay content, natural water content, specific gravity, void ratio, liquid limit and plastic limit. In the model study, we have used data of 1252 soft soil samples collected from the different highway project sites of Vietnam. The data was randomly divided into 70:30 ratios for the model training and testing, respectively. Standard statistical measures: Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Correlation Coefficient (R) were used for the performance evaluation of the model. Results of the model study indicated that performance of the ANFIS-PSO model is very good in predicting shear parameters of the soil: cohesion (RMSE = 0.075, MAE = 0.041, and R = 0.831) and angle of internal friction (RMSE = 0.08, MAE = 0.058, and R = 0.952).
Miniaturized bandpass filter based on double spiral stripline resonators
Authors:   Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Belyaev B. A. ,   Siberian Federal University, Serzhantov A. M. ,   Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology,   Siberian Federal University, Leksikov An. A. ,   Kirensky Insitute of Physics SB RAS, Bal’va Ya. F. ,   Kirensky Insitute of Physics SB RAS, Galeev R. G. ,   Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology,   JSC “Radiosvyaz”
Published: May 2021

A new miniature monolithic bandpass filter, which can be manufactured using multilayer standard all-PCB technology, is presented. Each resonator in the filter is formed by metal spirals of the left and right wist inserted into each other, in which one pair of adjacent ends is grounded, and the other is free. Spiral inductors have the form of identical rectangular frames and are designed on dielectric substrates, located on a multilayer structure strictly under each other with alternating turns of the left and right spirals. The design of the filter based on such multilayer double-spiral resonators is both small in size, and highly selective, which is proved by the measured characteristics of the fourth order filter fabricated at seven dielectric layers of RO4350B material. The filter has the central frequency of the passband f0 = 60 MHz, and the fractional bandwidth Δf / f0 = 18%, while the size of the device is of the device are only 34 × 16.5 × 4.3 mm3 (0.007λ0 × 0.003λ0 × 0.001λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength at the center frequency f0). The filter has a wide stopband, which extends up to the frequency of 16f0 at a level of –38 dB.
Features of the Formation and Processing of Signals in an Autodyne Radar with Frequency Modulation Taking into Account the Nonlinearity of the Modulation Characteristic
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Noskov V. Ya. , Bogatyrev E. V. ,   Siberian Federal University, Ignatkov K. A. ,   Ural Federal University named after first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Shaidurov K. D. ,   Ural Federal University named after first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin
Published: May 2021

The results of the study of the features of the formation and processing of signals of autodyne short-range radar systems (SRR) with frequency modulation (FM) involving non-linearity of the modulation characteristic are presented. The numerical simulation of the nonlinear influence of the modulation characteristic on the shape and spectrum of the autodyne signal is implemented on the basis of the mathematical model of the autodyne generator. We have established that even a small non-linearity of this characteristic causes a significant distortion of the shape and spectrum of the autodyne signal. A method of quasi-static correction of the law of frequency modulation of probing radiation using a digital signal processor is proposed, which does not require complication of the microwave part of the autodyne SRR with FM. The results of experimental studies of an 8-mm autodyne SRR made on the basis of a Gann diode oscillator with frequency control by varicap are presented.
Investigation of the characteristics of complex diffractive structures based on a combined approach
Authors:   Voronezh Institute of High Technologies, Lvovich I. Ya. , Lvovich Ya. E. ,   Voronezh Institute of High Technologies, Preobrazhenskiy A. P. ,   Voronezh Institute of High Technologies, Preobrazhenskiy Yu. P. ,   Voronezh Institute of High Technologies, Choporov O. N. ,   Voronezh Institute of High Technologies
Published: May 2021

The paper is devoted to the study of electrodynamic structures, which include metal and dielectric elements. Simple elements are calculated using the method of integral equations. Their solution is determined by the collocation method and scattered electromagnetic fields. The finitedifference method is required for calculating the equation. For required scattering characteristics of complex electrodynamic structures the choice of diffraction elements is carried out within the framework of a multialternative optimization approach. The individual electrodynamic components are considered first. Then, on their basis, several promising variants of more complex subsystems are formed. It is necessary to apply training information on every stage of modeling. The example of the investigated electrodynamic structure is given. The definition of its characteristics is demonstrated.
Dinámica familiar en madres e hijos adolescentes de una comunidad rural transnacional. Comparación entre hogares con y sin padre migrante
Authors: Perez-Padilla Maria de la Luz , Orozco Orozco Ana Isabel , Heredia María Elena Rivera , Garduño María de Lourdes Vargas
Published: May 2021

Introducción: La migración implica el desplazamiento de personas de un lugar a otro, trayendo como consecuencia frecuentes experiencias de separación familiar, lo que vulnera a sus miembros ya que la distancia dificulta el apoyo instrumental y afectivo que puede haber entre los integrantes. La larga e intensa interacción entre las comunidades de origen y las de destino, asociada con la migración, ha convertido a múltiples localidades de México en espacios trasnacionales. Objetivo: Analizar la percepción que tienen las madres y sus hijos/hijas adolescentes sobre la dinámica familiar cuando el padre está ausente. Método: Se compararon dos grupos: familias con y sin experiencia migratoria en una comunidad rural transnacional de Michoacán, México. Se utilizó un método cuantitativo, trabajando con una muestra de 96 participantes (48 binomios madre-hijo/a adolescente). Se aplicaron la Escala de Evaluación de las Relaciones Intrafamiliares, La Escala de prácticas parentales y la Escala de Satisfacción Marital. Resultados: Se encontró que las madres y sus hijos/hijas adolescentes perciben menor unión y apoyo en la familia cuando el padre es migrante. El grupo con el padre en casa tuvo puntajes más altos en expresión familiar, tanto desde la perspectiva de las madres como desde la de sus hijos/as adolescentes. Por último, se observó que la satisfacciónmarital de las madres influye sobre las prácticas parentales. Conclusión: Estos resultados pueden ser factores de riesgo o de protección para la salud física y mental de los diferentesintegrantes de la familia, y deberán considerarse en futuras políticas públicas para esta población.