bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developmental Programming, a Pathway to Disease
Authors: Padmanabhan Vasantha , Cardoso Rodolfo C. , Puttabyatappa Muraly
Published: February 2016

Accumulating evidence suggests that insults occurring during the perinatal period alter the developmental trajectory of the fetus/offspring leading to long-term detrimental outcomes that often culminate in adult pathologies. These perinatal insults include maternal/fetal disease states, nutritional deficits/excess, stress, lifestyle choices, exposure to environmental chemicals, and medical interventions. In addition to reviewing the various insults that contribute to developmental programming and the benefits of animal models in addressing underlying mechanisms, this review focuses on the commonalities in disease outcomes stemming from various insults, the convergence of mechanistic pathways via which various insults can lead to common outcomes, and identifies the knowledge gaps in the field and future directions.
The Process of Procurement Management: Concept, Algorithm, Management, Quality Issues
Authors: Шабалова  , Shabalova L.
Published: February 2016

This article is devoted to the study of the process of procurement management. The author specifies the term of procurement and the expectations of consumers with regard to their quality. The algorithm of the process of procurement management in the enterprise is given. Brief description of the main methods of procurement management is considered. Key requirements to ensure the quality of our products are identified.
Legal and professional boundaries: a case study
Authors: Hodgson Ruth
Published: February 2016

There are multiple legal issues which dominate the work of paramedics and healthcare professionals alike. For those professionally registered, such as paramedics, there is an added obligation of professional boundaries.

This article will examine possible legal and issues within a hypothetical case study and discuss the possible conflicts associated with these issues. The article considers a range of legal and professional aspects which may crop up in the pre-hospital care environment including capacity to consent, informed consent, acting in the best interests of a patient, rights of a foetus, infant preservation, duty of care and negligence. Within pre-hospital care there is a necessity to make rapid decisions based upon these laws, and therefore it is important that all practitioners consider these.
Los sufijos –dad, –tad, –icia, –eza, –ez, –tud y –dumbre en voces neológicas del castellano oriental del siglo XV
Authors: Raab Matthias
Published: February 2016

En el presente estudio, pretendemos arrojar luz sobre la interrelación e interdependencia entre la variación morfológica y la tipología textual a través del análisis de voces terminadas en uno de los siguientes alomorfos, -tad y -dad, -icia, -eza y -ez y -tud y -dumbre, en cuatro diferentes tipos textuales del castellano del siglo XV. Con tal fin, hemos partido de las unidades neológicas que recoge el Diccionario del castellano del siglo XV de la Corona de Aragón, de las cuales hemos extraído aquellos términos acabados en uno de los alomorfos en cuestión. Hemos analizado, en un siguiente paso, dichos neologismos desde los puntos de vista semántico y morfológico, poniendo de relieve, sobre todo, los casos de competencia morfológica entre estos y otros morfemas. En todo momento, hemos tomado en consideración los tipos textuales en que se documentan las voces: textos jurídicos y administrativos; textos científicos, técnicos y doctrinales; textos históricos; y textos novelescos y poéticos. Destacan, en el análisis, la mayor productividad y estabilidad de lexemas acabadas en -dad, la presencia exclusiva de un gran número de términos en textos científicos, técnicos y doctrinales y las competencias morfológicas entre los derivativos patrimoniales analizados.
Las formas de tratamiento en un corpus de entrevistas semidirigidas de español de Galicia
Authors: Sampedro Mella María
Published: February 2016

Este trabajo comprende un estudio de las formas de tratamiento en el corpus de entrevistas semidirigidas perteneciente a PRESEEA - Santiago de Compostela - ES y a ESLORA. Tras una introducción de la muestra objeto de estudio seleccionada para esta investigación y una síntesis bibliográfica sobre el estado de las formas de tratamiento en el español, se incluyen los resultados de la revisión de los usos de tú/usted, según la incidencia de diferentes factores sociales (inherentes a los propios hablantes) y contextuales. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, una parte de este trabajo se centra en el estudio cualitativo de un aspecto de interés hallado en el análisis: la variación de tú/usted que se produce ante un mismo interlocutor a lo largo de la misma entrevista, debido a diferentes causas.
The level at which registered nurses utilise the nursing process in local-level primary health care practice in Namibia
Authors: Iita Hermine , Iipinge Scholastika , Van Dyk Agnes
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the use of the Nursing Process by registered nurses in local level primary health care practice in Namibia. The findings were used to serve as a basis to develop strategies to support registered nurses in their daily local PHC practice. A quantitative research approach using a survey design with self-report questionnaire was used. The population consisted of two groups. The first group consisted of 239 registered nurses working in Clinics, health Centers and in Outreach Programs. The second group consisted of 39 registered nurses supervisors of the registered nurses in these facilities. Quantitative, descriptive analysis was used to summarize and organize data using tables and figures as well as t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA), where applicable.

Five main problem areas were identified. It was concluded that strategies needed to be developed to support registered nurses in their daily local Primary health care practice. The development of strategies will be dealt with in a different paper.
Explanators of Sarcopenia in Individuals With Diabesity: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Bittel Adam J. , Bittel Daniel C. , Tuttle Lori J. , Strube Michael J. , Mueller Michael J. , Cade W. Todd , Sinacore David R.
Published: February 2016

Background and Purpose:

Excess lower extremity intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), reduced strength, and functional limitations are common in obese individuals with and without diabetes (the former termed diabesity). Individuals with diabesity are particularly susceptible to accelerated sarcopenia, which may be underdiagnosed. The purpose of this study was to determine critical values for leg IMAT volume, plantar flexor (PF) muscle strength, and physical performance that help identify individuals with diabesity who have sarcopenia.

Methods:

Forty-three age- and sex-matched obese adults were studied: 12 with type 2 diabetes, 21 with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy, and 10 nondiabetic controls. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry–derived skeletal muscle index determined classification of sarcopenia. Leg fat (% IMAT), ankle (PF) peak torque, and power while ascending 10 steps, were used as explanators of sarcopenia. Receiver operating curves identified critical values for each explanator individually. Logistic regression models using all 3 explanators, and only PF torque and stair power, were also created. Receiver operating curve analyses identified the predicted probability that maximized each model's sensitivity and specificity. A leave-one-out cross validation was used to simulate the models' performance in an independent sample.

Results and Discussion:

Thirty-two participants were sarcopenic, and 11 were not. Critical values for individual explanators were 21% IMAT, 68 Nm PF torque, and 441 watts of stair power. Predicted probabilities of .76 and .67 were chosen as the optimal cutoff probabilities for the model combining all 3 explanators, and the model combining PF torque and stair power, respectively. The cross-validation analysis produced an accuracy of 82.4%, using the cutoff probability of .5, and an accuracy of 76.5% using the cutoff of 0.76. The area under the curve for the cross validation receiver operating curve analysis was 0.82. Critical values of leg % IMAT, PF torque, and stair power can classify individuals with diabesity as sarcopenic. The results of the cross validation give us confidence that the sample used in this study was representative of the target population, and suggests models created from this sample may perform well in externally derived data sets.

Conclusion:

Clinicians may be able to use these critical values to select interventions that specifically target sarcopenia. Measures of % IMAT, PF torque, and stair power may offer a customized alternative to traditional sarcopenic classification systems, which may not be optimally suited to the common impairments among individuals with diabesity.
Setting the Record Straight
Authors: Mandel Jennifer
Published: February 2016

Almena Davis Lomax is best remembered as the publisher of the Los Angeles Tribune, an African American newspaper. Writing was her chosen vehicle for a lifetime mission of racial justice. At the cost of hardship to herself and her children, she was an independent-minded participant in the Civil Rights movement and a crusader for fair employment. She pursued a career as a writer with equal determination.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Klinefelter syndrome, cardiovascular system, and thromboembolic disease: review of literature and clinical perspectives
Authors: Salzano Andrea , Arcopinto Michele , Marra Alberto M , Bobbio Emanuele , Esposito Daniela , Accardo Giacomo , Giallauria Francesco , Bossone Eduardo , Vigorito Carlo , Lenzi Andrea , Pasquali Daniela , Isidori Andrea M , Cittadini Antonio
Published: February 2016

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most frequently occurring sex chromosomal aberration in males, with an incidence of about 1 in 500–700 newborns. Data acquired from large registry-based studies revealed an increase in mortality rates among KS patients when compared with mortality rates among the general population. Among all causes of death, metabolic, cardiovascular, and hemostatic complication seem to play a pivotal role. KS is associated, as are other chromosomal pathologies and genetic diseases, with cardiac congenital anomalies that contribute to the increase in mortality. The aim of the current study was to systematically review the relationships between KS and the cardiovascular system and hemostatic balance. In summary, patients with KS display an increased cardiovascular risk profile, characterized by increased prevalence of metabolic abnormalities including Diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, and alterations in biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. KS does not, however, appear to be associated with arterial hypertension. Moreover, KS patients are characterized by subclinical abnormalities in left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function and endothelial function, which, when associated with chronotropic incompetence may led to reduced cardiopulmonary performance. KS patients appear to be at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease, attributing to an increased risk of thromboembolic events with a high prevalence of recurrent venous ulcers, venous insufficiency, recurrent venous and arterial thromboembolism with higher risk of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. It appears that cardiovascular involvement in KS is mainly due to chromosomal abnormalities rather than solely on low serum testosterone levels. On the basis of evidence acquisition and authors’ own experience, a flowchart addressing the management of cardiovascular function and prognosis of KS patients has been developed for clinical use.
Loss of the histone chaperone ASF1B reduces female reproductive capacity in mice
Authors: Messiaen S , Guiard J , Aigueperse C , Fliniaux I , Tourpin S , Barroca V , Allemand I , Fouchet P , Livera G , Vernet M
Published: February 2016

Anti-silencing function 1 (ASF1) is an evolutionarily conserved histone H3–H4 chaperone involved in the assembly/disassembly of nucleosome and histone modification. Two paralogous genes,Asf1aandAsf1b, exist in the mouse genome.Asf1ais ubiquitously expressed and its loss causes embryonic lethality. Conversely,Asf1bexpression is more restricted and has been less studied. To determine thein vivofunction ofAsf1b, we generated aAsf1b-deficient mouse line (Asf1bGT(ROSA-βgeo)437) in which expression of thelacZreporter gene is driven by theAsf1bpromoter. Analysis ofβ-galactosidase activity at early embryonic stages indicated a correlation betweenAsf1bexpression and cell differentiation potential. In the gonads of both male and female,Asf1bexpression was specifically detected in the germ cell lineage with a peak expression correlated with meiosis. The viability ofAsf1b-null mice suggests thatAsf1bis dispensable for mouse development. However, these mice showed reduced reproductive capacity compared with wild-type controls. We present evidence that the timing of meiotic entry and the subsequent gonad development are affected more severely inAsf1b-null female mice than in male mice. In female mice, in addition to subfertility related to altered gamete formation, variable defects compromising the development and/or survival of their offspring were also observed. Altogether, our data indicate the importance ofAsf1bexpression at the time of meiotic entry, suggesting that chromatin modifications may play a central role in this process.
A Novel Triage Approach to Identifying Health Concerns
Authors: Bezem Janine , Theunissen Meinou , Kamphuis Mascha , Numans Mattijs E. , Buitendijk Simone E. , Kocken Paul
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND:

We investigated the detection of health problems in preventive child health care (PCH) by a novel triage approach for routine health assessments. In the triage approach, all children were preassessed by a physician’s assistant, and only those in need of follow-up were assessed by a PCH physician or nurse. In the traditional approach, all children were assessed by a PCH physician or nurse.

METHODS:

A prospective cohort design was used with data on routine assessments of 1897 children aged 5 to 6 and 10 to 11 years. Primary outcomes were the detection of overweight, visual disorders, and psychosocial problems, with type of approach (traditional vs triage) as independent variable. To assess the severity of health problems, BMI, Snellen, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and Child Behavior Checklist, scores were compared for both approaches in subgroups of children with overweight, visual disorders, or psychosocial problems.

RESULTS:

No significant differences were found between the approaches in terms of the detection of incident cases of overweight, visual disorders, and psychosocial problems. Significantly higher Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores were found in the subgroup with psychosocial problems when the triage approach was used. Marginal differences between the approaches were found for severity of overweight in the subgroup of overweight children.

CONCLUSIONS:

A novel triage approach to PCH resulting in less involvement of physicians and nurses in routine assessments appears to detect health problems as effectively as the traditional approach in place. More research is needed to determine the long-term outcomes of the 2 approaches.
ARTICULO ORIGINAL-2016: Recuperación postquirúrgica mejorada (fast-track) en el paciente adulto mayor
Authors: Guánchez Mercado Araní , Jiménez Ramirez Gustavo , Cyrus Barker Erika
Published: February 2016

En los últimos años se ha incrementado la frecuencia de intervenciones quirúrgicas en la población geriátrica y este está asociado a una morbimortalidad alta. Ante esta realidad, indicadores validados y protocolos para el cuido especializado pre, trans y post quirúrgico del paciente adulto mayor (PAM) están siendo desarrollados para mejorar los resultados de las intervenciones. Los PAM poseen características particulares que los hacen uno de los grupos etáreos de salud más delicados, razón por la cual la atención de sus afecciones deben ser de abordaje multidisciplinarios y la prevención debe jugar un papel fundamental.El protocolo de tratamiento conocido como fast track (FT, por sus siglas en inglés), también conocido como recuperación postquirúrgica mejorada “ERAS” (según sus siglas en inglés: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery), es seguido con el fin de mejorar los resultados de las intervencionesen el paciente quirúrgico en los periodos pre-quirúrgico, transquirúrgico y post-quirúrgico. Mediante esta revisión se pretende repasar el tema del protocolo ERAS de un punto de vista fisiológico y funcional y además, destacar porque se puede aplicar de manera segura y ventajosa al PAM. Adicionalmente, repasar las características del PAM y las necesidades de atención especializada de valoración y seguimiento como paciente quirúrgico.
TEMA 12-2016: Cetoacidosis diabética y estado hiperglicémico hiperosmolar: un enfoque práctico
Authors: Arrollo Sánchez Gloriana , Quirós Cárdenas Saúl
Published: February 2016

La cetoacidosis diabética (CAD) y elestado hiperglicémicohiperosmolar (EHH), en conjunto conocidas como crisis o emergencias hiperglicémicas, tradicionalmente han sido asociadas a diabetes mellitus mal controlada. Ambas son entidades diferentes desde el punto de vista del cuadro clínico y los hallazgos de laboratorio, no obstante, en ocasiones pueden sufrir un traslape entre ellas. Producto de lo antes dicho,es importante que el personal médico tenga una adecuada comprensión de la fisiopatología, los factores desencadenantes, las manifestaciones clínicas y de laboratorio de dichas condiciones, de manera que se pueda realizar un diagnóstico correcto que conduzca a la instauración de tratamiento temprano y adecuado.
Stability-indicating TLC—image analysis method for determination of andrographolide in bulk drug and Andrographis paniculata formulations
Authors: Phattanawasin Panadda , Burana-Osot Jankana , Sotanaphun Uthai , Kumsum Anchalee
Published: February 2016

A simple and rapid thin-layer chromatographic (TLC)–image analysis
method was developed for stability-indicating studies and determination of andrographolide in bulk drug and in Andrographis paniculata formulations. Good chromatographic separation of andrographolide and the degradation products under various stress conditions was achieved on a silica gel G60 F254 TLC plate with the use of two mobile phases, dichloromethane—toluene—ethanol (6:3:1, v/v/v) and toluene—ethyl acetate—formic acid (5:3.5:1.5, v/v/v) and p-anisaldehyde as visualization reagent. Image analysis of the scanned TLC plate was performed by Sorbfil TLC Videodensitometer, UN-SCAN-IT, JustTLC, and ImageJ software to measure the quantity of the dark bluecolored band of andrographolide on a TLC plate. The TLC—image analysis method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, and robustness and was also applied for determination of the amount of andrographolide in A. paniculata formulations and the content of andrographolide remained in the samples under forced degradations. The analytical results determined by the TLC—image analysis method, TLC—densitometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were compared and found to be not significantly different.
Development and validation of LC—ESI—MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of four coumarin derivatives and an alkaloid from root and stem bark of Aegle marmelos Correa
Authors: Gajbhiye Narendra A. , Makasana Jayanti , Dhanani Tushar , Saravanan Raju
Published: February 2016

Aegle marmelos Correa (Bael tree) is a medicinal fruit tree, widely used for healing purposes in various systems of medicines. Coumarins and alkaloids present in various parts of bael tree including roots and fruit pulp are the primary active constituents implicated for its biological activities. An efficient liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization—tandem mass spectrometry (LC—ESI—MS/MS) method was developed for identification and simultaneous determination of four coumarin derivatives, namely, umbelliferone, psoralene, marmin, and imperatorin, and an alkaloid, skimmianine, in root and stem bark of A. marmelos. The chromatographic separation of analytes was performed on Altima C18 (50 × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) column using methanol and 0.1% acetic acid in water (54:46, v/v) as the mobile phase under isocratic conditions. The LC–MS/MS parameters were optimized in the positive ionization mode using electrospray ionization source. The quantification of the analytes was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions, umbelliferone (m/z 163.1 → 107.1), psoralene (m/z 187.2 → 131.1), marmin (m/z 333.5 → 163.2), imperatorin (m/z 271.1 → 203.1), and skimmianine (m/z 260.1 → 227.0). The extraction method was standardized for optimum yield of coumarin derivatives and the alkaloid in different extraction solvents. Higher yield of the analytes was found in methanolic extracts in comparisons to petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water. The method was validated for linear range, intra- and inter-batch precision and accuracy. The distribution of coumarin derivatives and an alkaloid was found to vary significantly in different plant samples, and their concentration was much higher in roots as compared to stem bark.
Evidence of in vivo existence of Borrelia biofilm in borrelial lymphocytomas
Authors: Sapi E. , Balasubramanian K. , Poruri A. , Maghsoudlou J. S. , Socarras K. M. , Timmaraju A. V. , Filush K. R. , Gupta K. , Shaikh S. , Theophilus P. A. S. , Luecke D. F. , MacDonald A. , Zelger B.
Published: February 2016

Lyme borreliosis, caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, has grown into a major public health problem. We recently identified a novel morphological form of B. burgdorferi, called biofilm, a structure that is well known to be highly resistant to antibiotics. However, there is no evidence of the existence of Borrelia biofilm in vivo; therefore, the main goal of this study was to determine the presence of Borrelia biofilm in infected human skin tissues. Archived skin biopsy tissues from borrelial lymphocytomas (BL) were reexamined for the presence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato using Borrelia-specific immunohistochemical staining (IHC), fluorescent in situ hybridization, combined fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)–IHC, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and fluorescent and atomic force microscopy methods. Our morphological and histological analyses showed that significant amounts of Borrelia-positive spirochetes and aggregates exist in the BL tissues. Analyzing structures positive for Borrelia showed that aggregates, but not spirochetes, expressed biofilm markers such as protective layers of different mucopolysaccharides, especially alginate. Atomic force microscopy revealed additional hallmark biofilm features of the Borrelia/alginate-positive aggregates such as inside channels and surface protrusions. In summary, this is the first study that demonstrates the presence of Borrelia biofilm in human infected skin tissues.
Shapiro-szindróma, azaz a termoregulációs zavar ritka esete
Authors: Szabó Júlia , Zádori Dénes , Varga Edina Tímea , Vécsei László
Published: February 2016

Anomalies of the corpus callosum are the most frequent malformations of the central nervous system. The triad of spontaneous periodic hypothermia and hyperhydrosis with the agenesis of corpus callosum is described as Shapiro syndrome. Shapiro syndrome is a very rare condition and it can occur in every age group. The presence of agenesis of corpus callosum is not a strict criteria of the syndrome; the most important presenting symptom is paroxysmal hypothermia. Although the definite cause of recurrent hypothermia is unknown, dysfunction of the hypothalamus is suspected. From therapeutic aspects, only supportive therapy is available. In this report the authors present the first Shapiro syndrome case diagnosed in Hungary. The main symptoms of the 21-year-old male patient were recurrent hyperhydrosis with hypothermia resulting in severe general malaise. The skull magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated agenesis of corpus callosum. The patient was treated with clonidine resulting in significant improvement of symptoms. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(7), 275–278.
Különböző cardiovascularis kockázatú idős, hypertoniás betegek kezelési elveinek összehasonlítása a magyar és nemzetközi irányelvek alapján (2001–2015)
Authors: Bödör Anikó , Kiss István
Published: February 2016

The aim of this review is to present recommendations of the currently valid Hungarian practice guidelines regarding antihypertensive therapy of the elderly and very elderly with different cardiovascular risk profiles, compare and contrast these with international guidelines, describe changes brought about by the past 15 years, and review the evidence behind. Hypertension treatment guidelines and relevant statements of the Hungarian and European Societies of Hypertension, of the Joint National Committee and American Heart Association were processed. The use of age-independent treatment threshold, goal blood pressure values, and the tendency towards more intensive control in co-morbidities conferring high cardiovascular risk were overcome by the upsurge of new evidence and the re-evaluation of previous clinical trial data. These lead to the introduction of age-specific and generally less stringent blood pressure targets in all regions compared. However, the guidelines currently in force still differ in terms of the attainable values in concomitant diabetes, chronic kidney disease or albuminuria, use of beta-blockers and the definition of elderly. Nevertheless, there is unanimous agreement that benefit from lowering of blood pressure under systolic 140 mmHg is not supported by evidence and further investigation is warranted to determine optimal treatment targets in the elderly, in the aged over 80 and specific elderly risk groups. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(7), 247–259.
Does the knowledge of emergency contraception affect its use among high school adolescents?
Authors: Chofakian Christiane Borges do Nascimento , Borges Ana Luiza Vilela , Sato Ana Paula Sayuri , Alencar Gizelton Pereira , Santos Osmara Alves dos , Fujimori Elizabeth
Published: February 2016

Abstract This study aimed to test how knowledge on emergency contraception (according to age at sexual initiation, type of school, and knowing someone that has already used emergency contraception) influences the method’s use. This was a cross-sectional study in a probabilistic sample of students 15-19 years of age enrolled in public and private middle schools in a medium-sized city in Southeast Brazil (n = 307). Data were collected in 2011 using a self-administered questionnaire. A structural equations model was used for the data analysis. Considering age at sexual initiation and type of school, knowledge of emergency contraception was not associated with its use, but knowing someone that had used the method showed a significant mean effect on use of emergency contraception. Peer group conversations on emergency contraception appear to have greater influence on use of the method than knowledge itself, economic status, or sexual experience.
A entrevista em autoconfrontação como motor para o desenvolvimento: diálogo de uma professora com sua prática
Authors: FAZION Flavia , LOUSADA Eliane Gouvêa
Published: February 2016

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar as análises preliminares de uma entrevista em autoconfrontação simples de uma professora de francês do estado do Paraná, que procurarão evidenciar como a situação de trabalho é percebida pela professora e como isso pode repercutir em sua atividade. Das análises do texto, pudemos observar como ela toma consciência de seu modo de agir, suas reações ao inesperado, sua postura corporal, as ações cristalizadas e repetidas, o que pode permitir uma melhor compreensão de sua atividade. É o dar-se conta de tais processos que pode proporcionar a apropriação de suas práticas e, consequentemente, seu desenvolvimento. Apresentaremos o quadro teórico no qual nos baseamos, em seguida, os procedimentos metodológicos. Passaremos para as análises parciais dos dados obtidos e, finalmente, as conclusões a que chegamos, que apontam para uma tomada de consciência de suas ações, o que, de acordo com Vigotski (2003), pode ser o motor do desenvolvimento.
A formação de professores de línguas para fins específicos com base em gêneros textuais
Authors: CRISTOVÃO Vera Lúcia Lopes , BEATO-CANATO Ana Paula Marques
Published: February 2016

RESUMO A demanda por cursos de línguas para fins específicos tem aumentado gradativamente devido, especialmente, à abertura de fronteiras, a internet e sua popularização e a consequente ampliação das relações internacionais em contextos variados, de negócios à academia, para citar dois exemplos. Além disso, temos presenciado uma expansão significativa de cursos técnicos profissionalizantes federais, para os quais há uma demanda crescente de professores de línguas para fins específicos. Nesse sentido, o artigo advoga que os cursos de graduação em Letras devem considerar essa realidade e englobar a formação de professores para fins específicos em seus currículos. Também sugere que o trabalho pode ser realizado em torno de gêneros textuais e uma perspectiva teórica possível seria o interacionismo sociodiscursivo (BRONCKART, 2006; DOLZ, SCHNEUWLY, 1998), corrente a qual estamos filiadas. Para alcançar tal objetivo, o texto traça um panorama da abordagem de línguas para fins específicos e expõe os princípios do interacionismo sociodiscursivo que poderiam nortear essa formação. Ao fazer isso, aponta que os cursos de Letras não têm dado a devida atenção a essa formação e que uma disciplina com esse foco poderia contribuir significativamente.
Tipos de discurso e interpretação do agir: o potencial de desenvolvimento das figuras de ação
Authors: BRONCKART Ecaterina BULEA
Published: February 2016

RESUMO Este artigo enfoca o papel desempenhado pelo processo linguístico, especialmente pelos tipos de discurso, na interpretação da atividade humana, no contexto da prática profissional. Com base nos estudos de Saussure, a primeira parte do artigo apresenta a forma como as unidades semióticas e signos linguísticos foram conceituados na teoria desse autor, discutindo as implicações dessa conceitualização nos processos de significação humanos. Na segunda parte, são apresentados os resultados da análise empírica de entrevistas com enfermeiros sobre sua prática de enfermagem. Essa análise revela os diferentes tipos de figuras de ação mobilizadas por esses profissionais, bem como a relação dessas figuras com os tipos de discurso e outras escolhas linguísticas. A terceira parte discute o estatuto das figuras de ação: inicialmente, centra-se no papel dessas figuras no desenvolvimento, com base na produção de sentido sobre a atividade profissional; e, posteriormente, demonstra-se que as figuras de ação podem ser consideradas como macro-signos ou unidades semióticas.
Prevalência e fatores associados à anemia ferropriva e hipovitaminose A em crianças menores de um ano
Authors: Silva Mariane Alves , Carvalho Carolina Abreu de , Fonsêca Poliana Cristina de Almeida , Vieira Sarah Aparecida , Ribeiro Andreia Queiroz , Priore Silvia Eloiza , Franceschini Sylvia do Carmo Castro
Published: February 2016

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à anemia ferropriva e hipovitaminose A em menores de um ano. Métodos Estudo transversal com amostra de 93 crianças. Foram consideradas anêmicas crianças com hemoglobina < 11 g/dL. O ponto de corte utilizado para a classificação de valores baixos de vitamina A foi < 0,70 mMol/L, e para caracterizar deficiência < 0,35 mMol/L. As análises estatísticas foram processadas no software Stata 10.0. As variáveis estão apresentadas em frequência simples, a associação entre os fatores analisados e as deficiências de ferro e vitamina A foi realizada por meio do teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson. Para a comparação de médias de hemoglobina e vitamina A, utilizaram-se os testes t de Student para variáveis paramétricas e o de Mann-Whitney para as não paramétricas. Resultados A prevalência, de anemia e de hipovitaminose A, foi de 29,03% e de 19,10%, respectivamente. Encontraram-se ainda, valores baixos de vitamina A em 90,32% das crianças. Baixa idade e baixa escolaridade materna associaram-se com a presença de anemia ferropriva. Valores baixos de vitamina A foram significativos em mães não brancas. As prevalências de inadequação do consumo de ferro e vitamina A foram de 23,66% e 22,58%, respectivamente. Conclusão Evidencia-se elevada prevalência dessas enfermidades, ressaltando-se a importância da adoção de medidas preventivas.
No caminho da proteção ambiental: Ações para a saúde humana e ambiente na população campesina do Pantanal Mato-grossense, Brasil
Authors: Pignatti Marta Gislene
Published: February 2016

Resumo Este artigo discute, a partir das transformações históricas ocorridas no território de uma população rural autodenominada Povo de Joselândia, no interior do Pantanal Mato-grossense, situada no entorno de uma área de proteção ambiental, as ações de políticas públicas em saúde humana e ambiente realizada na área, no período de 2003 a 2013. Tomando como ponto de ancoragem a territorialização e desterritorialização do campesino brasileiro, cotejamos a discussão sobre a ação estratégica das instituições envolvidas com a comunidade desde a instalação da Reserva do Patrimônio Natural Particular (RPPN), em 1997, e das políticas públicas federais, estaduais e municipais e sobre o papel da ciência na área. Os moradores foram alijados do processo de uso e manejo da terra. Em 2007 essa população foi classificada como comunidade tradicional e foi garantida por lei a sua reprodução cultural. No cotidiano da assistência à saúde humana, a disputa entre estado e município resultou numa ausência da assistência médica regular por longos períodos, ficando a assistência restrita à medicina popular. O papel das pesquisas científicas tem sido arbitrar o que e quem pode manejar os recursos naturais na área, inviabilizando o modo de vida campesino.
O Programa Nacional de Controle do Tabagismo (PNCT) na perspectiva social: a análise de redes, capital e apoio social
Authors: Campos Paulo Cesar Moreira , Gomide Marcia
Published: February 2016

Resumo Em 1986, o Ministério da Saúde lançou o Programa Nacional de Controle do Tabagismo (PNCT). Teve como objetivo prevenir o início da utilização de derivados do tabaco entre crianças e adolescentes, assim como estimular o abandono do fumo entre os já dependentes. Apesar da contínua queda dessa prevalência desde então, vem se observando sinais de retomada desses números. Visto ser o tabagismo uma doença de “contágio social” e não infeccioso-biológico, busca-se refletir sobre a atuação do PNCT perante as recidivas. Toma-se como amparo de diálogo pressupostos advindos da teoria de análise de redes sociais (ARS) e do capital social no contexto do apoio social, com suporte de alguns exemplos fictícios. Conclui-se que o investimento do PNCT em redes de apoio e na inserção do indivíduo nelas, estimulando-os ao estabelecimento de suas próprias redes pessoais, são condições fundamentais para o aumento do capital social do tabagista e, consequentemente, para a prevenção de recidivas.
Escolares residentes em área impactada por aterro sanitário e seu conhecimento sobre poluição
Authors: Vindoura-Gomes Rosangela Maiara , Câmara Volney de Magalhães , Souza Delma Perpétua Oliveira de
Published: February 2016

Resumo Este artigo apresenta a avaliação de um programa educativo que identificou o conhecimento prévio e posterior dos escolares sobre poluição e os efeitos à saúde provocados por um ambiente impactado pela destinação inadequada dos resíduos sólidos. Foi realizado um estudo transversal em duas fases envolvendo respectivamente 84 e 93 alunos do ensino fundamental em uma área rural no município de Cuiabá-MT, 2013. Os dados sobre os escolares e o conceito de poluição foram obtidos por meio de aplicação de um questionário. A análise de associação foi realizada com o teste do Quiquadrado. Verificou-se um aumento significativo do conhecimento sobre poluição ambiental após a aplicação das atividades educativas e a existência de conhecimento prévio sobre temas relacionados à poluição ambiental. Conclui-se que, embora a escola, através do seu projeto político pedagógico, tenha desenvolvido temas ambientais, ainda existem lacunas na relação deste tema com a saúde humana, tornando necessárias ações adicionais que possam subsidiar a produção de conhecimentos da relação do ambiente com a saúde humana entre os escolares.
Home range and density of three sympatric felids in the Southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil
Authors: Kasper C. B. , Schneider A. , Oliveira T. G.
Published: February 2016

Abstract Home range and minimal population densities of Southern tiger cat (Leopardus guttulus), margay (Lepardus wiedii) and jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) were estimated between 2005 and 2006 in Taquari Valley, near the southern edge of the Atlantic Rainforest in Brazil. Home range data were collected by conventional radio telemetry (VHF) locations in a highly fragmented landscape. The average home range size, calculated using 95% kernel density estimates, was 16.01 km2 for Southern tiger cat, 21.85 km2 for margay and 51.45 km2 for jaguarundi. Telemetry data were used to obtain minimal density estimates of 0.08 Southern tiger cats / km2, and 0.04 jaguarundi / km2. The density estimates arise from areas where ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and other larger-bodied carnivores were locally extinct, and they suggest a specific type of mesopredator release known as the ocelot effect, which is likely enabling the increase in smaller felid populations in this area.
First report of Lecanodiaspis dendrobii Douglas, 1892 (Hemiptera: Lecanodiaspididae) and the associated parasitoid Cephaleta sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in Brazil
Authors: Marsaro Júnior A. L. , Peronti A. L. B. G. , Costa V. A. , Morais E. G. F. , Pereira P. R. V. S.
Published: February 2016

Abstract Lecanodiaspis dendrobii Douglas, 1892 (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Lecanodiaspididae) and the associated parasitoid Cephaleta sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) are reported for the first time in Brazil. Specimens of this scale insect were collected on branches and stems of Acacia mangium Willd., Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (Fabaceae), Morus nigra L. (Moraceae), Citrus reticulata Blanco (Rutaceae), Tectona grandis L. f. (Verbenaceae), Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae), Annona squamosa L. and Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae), in three municipalities of the Roraima state. All plants here mentioned are recorded for the first time as a host for L. dendrobii. Morphological characters of L. dendrobii and symptoms presented by the host plants infested by this pest are included in this work.
Antiracism and the uses of science in the post-World War II: An analysis of UNESCO's first statements on race (1950 and 1951)
Authors: Maio Marcos Chor , Santos Ricardo Ventura
Published: February 2016

Abstract As part of its antiracist agenda under the impact of the World War II, UNESCO tried to negate the scientific value of the race concept based on meetings and statements engaging natural and social scientists. It is our interpretation that, contrary to what UNESCO had expected, the Nazi Genocide had not led scientists to a meeting of the minds about a scientific corpus that radically questioned the concept of race. A range of positions could be heard in the discussions by the panel of experts (1949) who produced the First Statement on Race (1950). Our argument is that UNESCO was influenced by a perspective centered on the assumption that amassing scientific data would be the best way to sustain a political agenda that sought to negate the concept of race as well as to fight racism. Reactions to the First Statement were quick in coming and UNESCO called another meeting to debate race in 1951.
Biosocial Activism, Identities and Citizenship: Making up 'people living with HIV and AIDS' in Brazil.
Authors: Valle Carlos Guilherme do
Published: February 2016

Abstract This article discusses how Brazilian AIDS activism has emerged and been reconfigured over the last 25 years. I analyze how societal forms were created and particular problems emerged in a specific context affected by the AIDS epidemic. Based on ethnographic research in concrete contexts in Brazil, I follow the ways by which people have united around various ideas and practices related to life, health and illness, morality and politics. People affected by the epidemic were engaged in sociality, identity formation and the definition of a wide range of health, political and judicial demands, which take a particular biosocial activism as their main form of collective mobilization. My main aim is to reflect, therefore, on the formation of particular biosocial worlds, socialities, collectivities and identities related to specific modes of subjectification surrounding life and death, biomedicine and biotechnologies, politics and citizenship.
The institutional life of rules and regulations: ten years of affirmative action policies at the Federal University of Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Bevilaqua Ciméa Barbato
Published: February 2016

Abstract This paper focuses on the ten-year experience of the Plano de Metas de Inclusão Racial e Social (Action Plan for Racial and Social Inclusion), an affirmative action policy through which places were reserved for black students and for students coming from public schools in the Federal University of Parana's annual selection processes. The ethnographic description highlights three significant moments in a continuous process of producing rules and the means to put them in practice, which retroactively transform the initial formulations. These are: a) the reconfiguration of the Action Plan in the period immediately following its coming into force; b) the confluence between the university's own selection process and the Unified Selection System established by the Ministry of Education in 2010; and c) the local enforcement of Law 12.711/2012, which determined the reservation of places for students coming from public schools in all federal higher education institutions. More than presenting results accomplished by the Action Plan, the analysis envisages the Plan itself as an outcome of, on one hand, practices performed by an array of institutional actors, and, on the other, the intersection of different policies, rules and regulations. Among other aspects, the paper aims to understand how a mutually generative interplay between politics and bureaucracy (or between what situationally counts as one or the other), local and supra-local processes, has had negative effects on black students' access to the University despite the intended goals of its policies.
Clocks, calendars and cell phones: An ethnography on time in a high school
Authors: Franch Mónica , Souza Josilene Pequeno de
Published: February 2016

Abstract Considering that time is an important dimension in anthropological discourse and a key element of the "hidden curriculum" of school, this paper presents the results of an ethnography on time in a high school in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. We discuss how teaching/learning processes are organized and experienced in time, paying close attention to the limitations and possibilities revealed by interactions between teachers and students. We first identify the pedagogical temporal units that compose the dimension of structural time at the school, and then identify aspects of time in practice (experiences and strategies). We argue that school time is both a constraint and an opportunity, unfolding in a series of metaphors ("save time," "waste time," "kill time", "fill time", "pass the time"), which enable ways of thinking about the conflicts present in daily school life.
An interdisciplinary experience in anthropology and education: memory, academic project and political background
Authors: Dauster Tania
Published: February 2016

Abstract This article constructs the trajectory of the introduction of the discipline Anthropology and Education in the Graduate Program in Education (PPGE) at PUC-Rio. The author introduced the course at the end of the 1980s. The text presents several considerations concerning the field of anthropology, defending anthropological studies as an approach to interdisciplinarity between this discipline and numerous others, particularly education. It then emphasizes the political and academic framework in which pedagogy graduate courses were created, such as the Institute of Advanced Studies in Education (IESAE) of the Getúlio Vargas Foundation (FGV), and the PPGE/PUC-Rio. Finally, it reports the experiences lived by the author and her peers that helped construct the memory of the PPGE/PUC-Rio, focusing on both the relationship between anthropology and education and the research and production experiences of the program.
O cuidado como elemento de sustentabilidade em situações de crise. Portugal entre o Estado providência e as relações interpessoais
Authors: Lima Antónia Pedroso de
Published: February 2016

Resumo Portugal atravessa uma situação de crise económica e social que fez aumentar a pressão sobre os serviços sociais. Confrontadas com a diminuição da capacidade dos sistemas estatais de cuidado continuarem a providenciar este apoio, as pessoas (re)tomam vias informais para lidar com o problema. Ao mostrar como as pessoas se integram em sistemas formais e informais de cuidado este artigo debate o modo como as práticas informais contribuem para enfrentar situações de crise (económica, pessoal ou politica) e, nesse sentido, são um factor de sustentabilidade.
Migrações e o Cuidado do idoso
Authors: Debert Guita Grin
Published: February 2016

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o modo como o cuidado do idoso ganha configurações específicas no Brasil e na Itália, tendo como base uma abordagem etnográfica com cuidadores e seus empregadores em São Paulo e em Bolonha. O interesse é mostrar que a visibilidade que essa dupla de indesejáveis – velhos e cuidadores – ganha redefine formas de dependência, dá novos significados às relações familiares, às obrigações do Estado e à vida doméstica.
Subjetividade e sexualidade no trabalho de cuidado*
Authors: Hirata Helena
Published: February 2016

Resumo O artigo analisa resultados de pesquisa de comparação internacional Brasil-França-Japão no trabalho de cuidados a pessoas idosas dependentes em instituições (ILPI) e no cuidado domiciliar, atentando para a dimensão da sexualidade – tanto do beneficiário quanto do provedor de cuidados – nesse trabalho, e para a dimensão de gênero na relação entre cuidadora e pessoa cuidada. Poucas pesquisas tratam da dimensão da sexualidade no trabalho de cuidado. Porém fica claro pelos exemplos apresentados neste artigo que levar em consideração essa questão é fundamental, inclusive para a formação da cuidadora e para sua competência e sua qualificação plena para o exercício dessa atividade profissional.