bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crop Guidance and Farmer’s Friend – Smart Farming using Machine Learning
Authors: Daware Tanvi , Ramteke Pratiksha , Shaikh Uzma , Bharne Smita
Published: May 2022

Agriculture is the centre of our country’s social and economic development. But the majority of the farmers are still struggling for better agricultural facilities. The government is also helping farmers with their benefits with different government policies. Today’s farmers are well aware of using the internet and smartphone for smart farming. There are expanding quantities of instructed individuals in the farming field and they began utilising cell phones in rustic areas. Thus, the main aim of this Crop Guidance and Farmer’s Friend application is to assist the farmers with expanding their yield as well as to be aware of the current agriculture-based data used for smart farming. The proposed system is designed to track weather conditions at a specific location, such as temperature, humidity, and changes in the environment. This application diminishes the time and efforts of farmers and assists them with getting the day-to-day market cost for various harvests, fertilisers and vegetables without visiting the market. The data (value, climate, most recent rural technique) will be shipped off to the farmers, through this application. This application helps farmers a great deal and keeps them updated. It offers a livelihood for almost all of the population, contributing to countrywide income and gainful employment.
Face recognition Attendance system using HOG and CNN algorithm
Authors: Kapse Aditya , Kamble Tejas , Lohar Ashutosh , Chaudhari Shubham , Puri Digambar
Published: May 2022

Recognition of faces is one of the most useful applications and has a critical role in the technological field. Recognizing the face is a lively concern for authentication, specifically in the context of taking attendance. Attendance system using face recognition is a process of recognizing the profile of the person by using facial features supported by various computing technology and monitoring. The evolution of this process is focused on achieving the digitizing of the orthodox system of taking manual attendance. Current approaches for taking attendance are monotonous and inefficient. Manual records of attendance can be easily manipulated. The orthodox process of checking attendance such as current fingerprint or card scanning systems are susceptible to proxies. To tackle these issues, this paper has been proposed. The proposed system makes the utilization of various algorithms such as histogram of oriented Gradient (HOG), convolutional neural network (CNN) and support vector machine (SVM). After the face is recognized, the reports of attendance are going to be created, maintained and stored in excel format. The system is examined in various situations like illumination, head movements, and the variation of distance between the face and cameras. The proposed system was found to be efficient and reliable for marking attendance during a classroom with negligible time consumption and no manual work. This system is inexpensive as less installation is required.
Implementation of Bird Species Detection Algorithm using Deep Learning
Authors: Jain Niyati , Kamble Medini , Kanojiya Amruta , Jage Chaitanya
Published: May 2022

Automatically identifying what types of the bird is present in the sound recording using the monitor reading. To distinguishing automatic birds based on their sound patterns.This is useful in the field of ornithology for studying bird species and their behavior based on their sound. Proposed method will be used to distinguish birds automatically using different sound processing methods and mechanical learning methods based on their chirping patterns. We propose a sequential model for audio features within a short interval of time. The model will be used Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients to extract features from the audio files and presented it in the model. The proposed work classifies the data set containing three species of bird, and outperform support vector machines.
Logistics & Supply Chain Management Using the Power of Blockchain
Authors: Rathod Ghrushnesh , More Shubham , Patil Amit , Ahir Sheetal
Published: May 2022

A large portion of supply chain networks have experienced hardships when attempting to incorporate all parts and partners, which make supply chain management network the board framework experiencing an absence of effectiveness and straightforwardness that make a consistent expansion in product misrepresentation and customer’s mistake. All data about product creation, stockpiling and transportation should stream obviously during all phases of the production network by following and validating to keep away from item’s tampering in the organization. Current software is based on top of brought together engineering and this leaves a hole for altering and bogus data particularly in metropolitan region, yet additionally the current arrangements can’t permit the data to be imparted to authorities or buyers to successfully survey and guarantee recognizability and straightforwardness. This paper proposes use of blockchain to store details of product and logistics level to provide assurance to consumer regarding authenticity of product.
Copy Move and Splicing Image Forgery Detection using CNN
Authors: Mallick Devjani , Shaikh Mantasha , Gulhane Anuja , Maktum Tabassum
Published: May 2022

The boom of digital images coupled with the development of approachable image manipulation software has made image tampering easier than ever. As a result, there is massive increase in number of forged or falsified images that represent incorrect or false information. Hence, the issue of image forgery has become a major concern and it must be addressed with appropriate solution. Throughout the years, various computer vision and deep learning solutions have emerged with a purpose to detect forgery in case of digital images. This paper presents a novel approach to detect copy move and splicing image forgery using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with three different models i.e. ELA (Error Level Analysis), VGG16 and VGG19. The proposed method applies the pre-processing technique to obtain the images at a particular compression rate. These images are then utilized to train the model and further the images are classified as authentic or forged. The paper also presents the experimental results of the proposed method and performance evaluation in terms of accuracy.
Diabetes & Heart Disease Prediction Using Machine Learning
Authors: Dhande Bhavesh , Bamble Kartik , Chavan Sahil , Maktum Tabassum
Published: May 2022

One of the root causes of mortality in today's world is the culmination of several heart disease and diabetes illnesses. In clinical data analysis, predicting multiple diseases is a significant challenge. The machine learning approach has proved to be functional in assisting in the decision-making and governing of large amounts of data generated by the healthcare field. The various experiments scratch the surface of machine learning to predict different diseases. The papers present a novel method for identifying significant features using machine learning techniques, which improves the diagnosis of multi-purpose disease prediction. The different features and many well-known classification methods are used to implement the prediction model to predict the heart disease and diabetes. The proposed method utilizes ensemble approach for achieving a higher degree of accuracy rates for by using classification algorithms and feature selection methods. The proposed method implements voting classifier that has sigmoid SVC, AdaBoost, and Decision tree algorithms. The paper also implements the traditional classifiers and presents the comparison of different models in terms of accuracy. The web application is also developed for users to avail its services very easily and make it convenient for their use, particularly in the prediction of heart and diabetes collectively.
One-Year Vestibular and Balance Outcomes of Oklahoma City Bombing Survivors
Authors: Van Campen Luann E. , Dennis J. Michael , King Sandra B. , Hanlin Renee C.R. , Velderman Amy M.
Published: May 2022

This multisite investigation assessed subjective, behavioral, and objective balance function in 30 blast survivors. Subjects with vertigo, dizziness, or imbalance were screened (n = 6) or evaluated (n = 27) during 1 year. Tests included a questionnaire, electronystagmography (ENG), and computerized dynamic posturography (CDP). Ninety-seven percent of subjects were located inside a building during the blast, and 63 percent of subjects experienced dys-equilibrium within 48 hours. Forty-three percent of symptoms could not be attributed to head injury. Sixty percent of subjects had abnormal ENG and/or CDP; ENG abnormalities mostly were peripheral or nonlocalizing, whereas CDP patterns were “vestibular,” “surface dependent,” and “physiologically inconsistent.” At 1-year postblast, 55 percent of initially abnormal CDP results were normal, and 72 percent of subjects said symptoms were unchanged or occurred intermittently. A serial, test battery approach is recommended to assess symptoms. Blast-related dysequilibrium had clinically significant manifestations and should be considered a valid component of aural blast injury.

Abbreviations: BPPV = benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo, CDP = computerized dynamic posturography, dB pSPL = decibel re: peak sound pressure level, ENG = electronystagmography, MCT = motor control test, psi = air pressure measured in pounds per square inch, Q = quarterly evaluations, SHA = smooth harmonic acceleration, SOT = sensory organization test, TNT = trinitrotoluene
Auditory Neuropathy and a Mitochondrial Disorder in a Child: Case Study
Authors: Corley Virginia M. , Crabbe Linda S.
Published: May 2022

A child was referred for an audiologic evaluation, to include auditory brainstem evoked response testing, due to inconsistent responses to sound and delayed speech and language development. Results were characteristic of auditory neuropathy. In view of subsequent decline in motor function, a genetics evaluation was conducted, revealing a mitochondrial disorder. A brief overview of mitochondrial genetics in association with hearing loss is presented. The patient's audiologic profile is described and the implications for management are discussed.

Abbreviations: ABR = auditory brainstem evoked response, ATP = adenosine triphosphate, DPOAE = distortion-product otoacoustic emissions, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, mtDNA = mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid, nDNA = nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid, OAE = otoacoustic emissions, OXPHOR = oxidative phosphorylation
Efficacy of a Modified Politzer Apparatus in Management of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in Adults
Authors: Silman Shlomo , Arick Daniel
Published: May 2022

This study evaluates the efficacy of politzeration on eustachian tube dysfunction following airplane travel using an automated, hand-held device that controls the volume velocity of air flow. Fourteen adults with eustachian tube dysfunction following airplane travel comprised the experimental group. They received politzeration over a period of 6 weeks on a twice-a-week basis. Fourteen adults with eustachian tube dysfunction following airplane travel comprised the control group. They were untreated. Complete audiologic and otolaryngologic evaluations were performed at the pretest and after politzeration treatment was completed. The results revealed a substantial, significant improvement in the mean tympanometric peak pressure from pretest to final post-treatment retest in the experimental, but not the control, subjects. The mean air-bone gap increased significantly from pretest to final post-treatment retest in the control, but not the experimental, subjects. Of the experimental subjects with abnormal tympanometric peak pressures at the pretest, resolution to within normal limits occurred in 71 percent of the experimental subjects versus 21 percent of the control subjects. These results suggest the potential feasibility of treatment of aerotitis media in adults with this modified Politzer method using the automated apparatus.

Abbreviations: ABG = air-bone gap, TPP = tympanometric peak pressure
Reliability of Tinnitus Loudness Matches under Procedural Variation
Authors: Henry James A. , Flick Christopher L. , Gilbert Alison , Ellingson Roger M. , Fausti Stephen A.
Published: May 2022

Repeated tinnitus loudness matches (LMs) were obtained to determine response reliability using a computer-automated technique with two procedural variations, fixed or random step sizes, to increase output level during the initial ascending series of tones at each frequency. Twenty subjects with stable, tonal tinnitus were evaluated with both methods during each of two sessions. Response instructions were displayed on a portable computer, and a pen device was used to make response choices that appeared on the touch-sensitive video monitor. For each method, hearing thresholds and LMs were obtained, with 1-dB resolution, at 1/3-octave frequencies from 1 to 16 kHz. Analyses revealed reliability of LMs to be equivalent between methods. LM data are reported in both dB SPL and dB SL, with the SPL values providing greater reliability both within and between sessions (all r's ≥ .889, p's ≤ .0001).

Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance, LAN = local area network, LM = loudness match
Reconceptualizing academic dishonesty as a struggle for intersubjective recognition: a new theoretical model
Authors: Roe Jasper
Published: May 2022

Renewed interest in academic dishonesty (AD) has occurred as a result of the changes to society and higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite a broad body of research investigating why and how students engage in intentional violations of principles of academic integrity, the causes of these behaviors remain uncertain. In order to fully address the overarching issue of why students engage in academically dishonest practices, social philosophy can be invoked. This article reviews the current research on AD in higher education, and then seeks to develop a new theoretical understanding based on Axel Honneth’s (1995) Theory of Recognition, positing that it is not a moral deficit that drives students to commit such acts, but a struggle for intersubjective recognition and a subtle form of privatized resistance. This offers a universal model for interpreting and understanding the position of the student in higher education, while offering insight into a social pathology, namely, the social pressure that requires higher education to be viewed as an instrumental rather than intrinsic value.
Faster ablative Kelvin–Helmholtz instability growth in a magnetic field
Authors: Sadler James D. , Green Samuel , Li Shengtai , Zhou Ye , Flippo Kirk A. , Li Hui
Published: May 2022

Shear flows along a plasma interface will quickly grow unstable due to the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. If there is a concurrent temperature gradient across the interface, higher modes are stabilized by the thermal diffusion. These ablative effects must be considered in, for example, jet features in inertial confinement fusion hot-spots, or plasma plumes in young supernovae. We show that magnetization of the plasma can greatly affect the instability, even if magnetic pressure is small. This is because electrons are localized by their gyromotion, reducing the heat flux and material ablation. We use a two-dimensional numerical extended-magnetohydrodynamics approach to assess this effect for dense fusion conditions. In comparison with the unmagnetized case, self-generated Biermann fields make only a minor difference to growth rates. However, simulations with a large 50 kT external field found that the growth rate of the least stable mode increased by 40%. This has implications for mix processes in Z-pinches and magnetized inertial confinement fusion concepts.
Numerical simulation of coaxial–coplanar dielectric-barrier discharge in atmospheric helium
Authors: Ran Shuang , Wang Jing , Lei Bingying , Liu Simeng , Li Jing , Wang Yishan , Zhao Wei , Duan Yixiang , Tang Jie
Published: May 2022

A self-consistent two-dimensional fluid model is employed to investigate the coaxial–coplanar dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) excited by the sinusoidal voltage in atmospheric helium. Simulation results show that there are two current pulses in the positive half cycle, but only one in the negative half cycle. The discharge is transformed from the Townsend-like mode, through the glow-like mode, and back to the Townsend-like mode in both the positive and negative half cycles, during which the electric field line exhibits an arc-shape profile due to the configuration of coaxial–coplanar electrodes. In the glow-like mode, the cathode fall is located near the inner edge of the ground electrode at the first positive current peak, but close to the outer edge of the ground electrode at the second positive current peak. At the negative current peak, the cathode fall is distributed near the outer edge of the high voltage electrode. Since the instantaneous anode and the instantaneous cathode are on the same side of the discharge space, the dielectric layer is simultaneously covered by positive and negative surface charges due to the movement of charged particles. It is also found that the surface charge density changes significantly on the dielectric layer facing the electrodes. A further study reveals that a stronger discharge always occurs in the central circular area and an alternately complementary discharge takes place in the periphery ring area in the positive half cycle due to the activator–inhibitor effect. This feature is helpful for producing uniform plasma in a whole cycle of DBD.
Positron scattering from hydrogen atom in quantum plasmas: S-wave resonance states
Authors: Masanta Nirvik , Ghoshal Arijit , Ho Yew Kam
Published: May 2022

The effects of quantum plasmas (QP) on the S-wave resonance states of the positron-hydrogen system have been investigated by using the stabilization method. An effective potential, in the form of exponential cosine screened Coulomb potential, is used to describe the interactions among the charged particles in QPs. A number of S-wave resonance states associated with different thresholds of s-states of hydrogen atom [H(ns)] and s-states of positronium atom [Ps(ns)] are reported. For plasma-free cases, our results agree well with the results of other reliable calculations. Moreover, an in-depth study has been made to investigate the changes produced in the energy Er and width Γ of those states due to varying screening strength of QP. Our present results of energy and width of the positron-hydrogen system under QP associated with the higher-lying thresholds of hydrogen (H) and positronium (Ps) are reported for the first time in the literature.
Bringing chemical structures to life with augmented reality, machine learning, and quantum chemistry
Authors: Sakshuwong Sukolsak , Weir Hayley , Raucci Umberto , Martínez Todd J.
Published: May 2022

Visualizing 3D molecular structures is crucial to understanding and predicting their chemical behavior. However, static 2D hand-drawn skeletal structures remain the preferred method of chemical communication. Here, we combine cutting-edge technologies in augmented reality (AR), machine learning, and computational chemistry to develop MolAR, an open-source mobile application for visualizing molecules in AR directly from their hand-drawn chemical structures. Users can also visualize any molecule or protein directly from its name or protein data bank ID and compute chemical properties in real time via quantum chemistry cloud computing. MolAR provides an easily accessible platform for the scientific community to visualize and interact with 3D molecular structures in an immersive and engaging way.
Perspective on non-invasive and non-destructive photoacoustic and photothermal applications
Authors: Glorieux Christ
Published: May 2022

This contribution intends to convince readers that by virtue of the rich physics involved, optical excitation, thermal diffusion, thermal expansion, and acoustic wave propagation, and of the optical nature of the involved excitation and detection, photoacoustic and photothermal methods offer a unique combination of features that makes them very attractive for exploitation in a wide area of scientific and technological fields that involve material property evaluation. A perspective is also given on the high potential of these methods for substantial advances beyond the state of the art in a diverse selection of scientific disciplines: biomedical diagnostics, cell and tissue mechanobiology, thin film and interface characterization, characterization of the microstructure of solids, and the physics of relaxation in glass-forming liquids.
Hexagonal and rhombohedral polytypes in indium selenide films grown on c-plane sapphire
Authors: de Brucker L. , Moret M. , Gil B. , Desrat W.
Published: May 2022

We report on the growth of 2D layered indium selenide films on (0001)-oriented sapphire substrates by coevaporation. The θ − 2θ x-ray diffractograms reveal that the (00l) planes are preferentially oriented parallel to the substrate with a tendency to deviate from the 2D stacking as a function of the growth time. The ϕ-scans performed for the (107) and (10 10) orientations of the hexagonal (h) and rhombohedral (r) phases, respectively, reveal that both polytypes coexist in the epitaxial films. We show that the merging of the h-(100), r-(101), h-(101), and r-(102) lines results in different spectral shapes in the θ − 2θ scans according to samples, which gives qualitative information about the contribution of each polytype.
Use of priority and provisional approval pathways by the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration in approving new medicines: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lexchin Joel
Published: May 2022

Objective Examine the use of priority and provisional approval pathways by the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) for evaluating new medicines. Methods This observational study assessed all new medicines approved by the TGA between 1 January 2018 and 18 October 2021. It examined how frequently priority and provisional approval pathways are being used, the conditions which the medicines are being approved to treat, how long medicines are spending in the approval pathways, the additional therapeutic value of the medicines being approved through these pathways and how the use of the pathways compares with similar regulatory pathways used by Health Canada. Results The TGA approved 138 new medicines in the time period under study, of which 33 were approved through either the priority or provisional approval pathways. Sixteen were approved to treat cancer. It took the TGA a mean of 130 (95% CI 118, 143) and 144 (95% 101, 188) working days for priority and provisional pathways, respectively. Therapeutic evaluations were available for 16 of these medicines and 11 offered little to no therapeutic gain over existing medicines. There was moderate agreement between the TGA and Health Canada in their use of these pathways (Kappa = 0.5458, 95% CI 0.3900, 0.7016). Conclusions The priority and provisional approval pathways are now being used by the TGA for about one-third of all new medicine approvals. Although the medicines approved in these ways are moving through the review process more quickly than those approved through the standard approval pathway, the majority of these medicines, for which an evaluation of therapeutic value is available, do not offer any substantial additional therapeutic value over existing medicines.
Chainsaw hollows carved into live trees provide well insulated supplementary shelters for wildlife during extreme heat
Authors: Griffiths Stephen R. , Robert Kylie A. , Jones Christopher S.
Published: May 2022

Context Supplementary shelters for hollow-dependent fauna, such as timber or plywood nest boxes, have much drier and less thermally insulated cavity microclimates than do natural tree hollows. Hollow-dependent endotherms can experience hyperthermia and dehydration when occupying poorly insulated nest boxes during extreme heat. Aims We investigated the effectiveness of three different types of artificial hollows in buffering hollow-dependent birds and mammals against hyperthermia and dehydration during extremely hot summer weather (ambient air temperatures >40°C). Methods We recorded microclimate (temperature and relative humidity) data inside (1) chainsaw hollows carved into live trees, (2) log hollows, and (3) plywood nest boxes, during extremely hot weather events in Australia in December 2019–January 2020 (austral summer). We quantified temporal variation in microclimates inside the different supplementary shelters relative to ambient conditions and used statistical models to evaluate the effects of different factors (wall thickness and solar exposure) on internal microclimates. Key results Microclimates inside chainsaw hollows were significantly different from those in log hollows and nest boxes, remaining >16°C cooler and 50 percentage points more humid than ambient conditions when daytime air temperatures reached 45°C. In comparison, nest boxes closely tracked ambient conditions throughout the day. Log hollows had an intermediate microclimate profile, getting warmer and drier than chainsaw hollows during the day, but remaining cooler and more humid than nest boxes. Conclusions Our results showed that artificial hollows more effectively mimic the stable microclimates inside naturally occurring hollows if placed inside the tree (e.g. carved into the tree trunk of live trees), rather than attached to the outside. Implications The chainsaw hollow design we tested could provide microclimate refugia that reduce the risks of hollow-dependent wildlife experiencing either hyperthermia in regions with hot summer climates, or hypothermia in areas with cold winters. We encourage managers to consider incorporating chainsaw hollows into existing nest box programs to provide fauna with well insulated microclimate refugia.
Animal welfare outcomes of professional vehicle-based shooting of peri-urban rusa deer in Australia
Authors: Hampton Jordan O. , MacKenzie Darryl I. , Forsyth David M.
Published: May 2022

Context Vehicle-based shooting has been widely used to kill deer, but the animal-welfare outcomes of this technique have not been evaluated in Australasia. Aim To assess the animal-welfare outcomes of peri-urban deer culling by quantifying the fates of deer seen and shot at, the duration of procedures, and the number and location of bullet wounds in deer. Methods We assessed vehicle-based night shooting of peri-urban rusa deer (Cervus timorensis) by professional contractors in eastern Australia. Shooters targeted the heads of deer using .223 Remington® rifles and 55 grain bullets. Independent veterinarians conducted ante-mortem (i.e. from the shooting vehicle) and post-mortem (i.e. inspecting the carcass) observations. The ante-mortem data were used to estimate the proportion of deer seen that were shot at, killed, wounded, and escaped. The influence of variables predicted to affect shooting outcomes was assessed. The numbers and locations of bullet wounds were recorded post-mortem. Key results Of the 269 deer seen in 21 nights, 48% were shot at and 85% of those shot at were killed by either one (87%), two (10%) or three (3%) shots. The frequency of non-fatal wounding (i.e. escaping wounded) was 3.5% for those shot at and hit, and the median time to insensibility for the deer that were shot multiple times was 289 s. There was variation among shooters in their ability to hit a deer, and also to do so with a killing shot. The number of bullet wounds per deer ranged from 1 to 3 (mean = 1.1), with 83% of shots striking the brain and 17% striking the anterior skull, neck and jaw. Conclusions The animal welfare outcomes we observed were comparable to those reported from other professional ground-based shooting programs for ungulates, but were poorer than those reported for professional ground-based shooting of peri-urban kangaroos. Implications Our results suggest that one way to improve the animal welfare outcomes of vehicle-based shooting of peri-urban deer is by improving shooter training. Assessment of shooter performance should be a routine part of ground-based shooting programs.
CRISPR-Cas9 editing of the arginine–vasopressin V1a receptor produces paradoxical changes in social behavior in Syrian hamsters
Authors: Taylor Jack H. , Walton James C. , McCann Katharine E. , Norvelle Alisa , Liu Qian , Vander Velden Jacob W. , Borland Johnathan M. , Hart Michael , Jin Chengliu , Huhman Kim L. , Cox Daniel N. , Albers H. Elliott
Published: May 2022

Significance

Arginine–vasopressin (AVP) acting on V1a receptors (Avpr1as) represents a key signaling mechanism in a brain circuit that increases the expression of social communication and aggression. We produced Syrian hamsters that completely lack Avpr1as (Avpr1aknockout [KO] hamsters) using the CRISPR-Cas9 system to more fully examine the role of Avpr1a in the expression of social behaviors. We confirmed the absence of Avpr1as in these hamsters by demonstrating 1) a complete lack of Avpr1a-specific receptor binding throughout the brain, 2) a behavioral insensitivity to centrally administered AVP, and 3) an absence of the well-known blood-pressure response produced by activating Avpr1as. Unexpectedly, however,Avpr1aKO hamsters displayed more social communication behavior and aggression toward same-sex conspecifics than did their wild-type (WT) littermates.
Two kinds of selection marking
Authors: Zhang Niina Ning
Published: May 2022

Why does an argument clause contain a meaningless complementizer in languages such as English and German, but not in Mandarin; and why does an adverbial clause occur with a meaningless correlative adverb in the matrix clause in Mandarin, but not in languages such as English and German? Extending the c-selection from one type of sisterhood to another type of sisterhood, this paper recognizes the modification relation as a kind of selection relation, in addition to the familiar kind of argument-taking selection relation. This research argues that dependency marking is seen in different types of sister relations. It shows how Mandarin uses modification markers systematically, but does not use argument markers, also systematically. The paper explains the existence of modification markers in various constructions in Mandarin and in various languages. It lets us gain a better understanding of language variations.
香港粵語「咗」的語法特點
Authors: Fan Xiaolei , Chan Kin Wing Kevin
Published: May 2022

抽象的

本文詳細分析香港粵語的體助詞「咗」的語法特點。較之北京話的「了1」，「咗」在現實句裡使用範圍更大，在非現實句裡使用範圍更小，在複雜短語裡須緊附於首個謂詞上，更容易用來表達持續性事件。我們推測，「咗」異於「了1」的這些特點主要有三個動因。第一，粵語是語序最偏VO型的漢語方言，「動後限制」較弱，它不懼動詞後帶複雜成分，相對地抗拒句末時體詞。第二，「咗」很可能源自附著義動詞「著」，這導致它排斥作表示客體損失義的動相補語，更容易用於表述持續性事件的謂語中。第三，「咗」的時體義略異於「了1」，這也會造成二者的使用差異。這項比較研究在漢語方言的整體格局方面亦有兩項發現。一方面，漢語的完整體標記分為「著」系和「了」系兩大組，它們有成系統的語法差異；另一方面，南北漢語在語序類型和時體範疇上的差異導致不同方言的完句條件有區別，漢語的完句研究不該集中於普通話，應該回歸到方言口語中。
海豐閩語持續體貌標記的特徵與來源
Authors: Xu Yuhang
Published: May 2022

抽象的

閩語的持續體貌表現形式及標記多與表處所的介詞結構有關，此為閩語學界公認的事實。然而，處於語言接觸地帶的海豐閩語「動作」、「狀態」、「事件」持續體貌卻分別由[to35]、[nin53]、[tsu22]三種不同標記表示。三種持續體貌標記形式特徵各異，狀態、事件持續體貌標記更是來源不明。本文運用語言接觸理論，通過比較論證，證明海豐閩語動作持續標記[to35]源於譜系一致，地緣關係密切的粵東潮汕閩語，狀態持續標記[nin53]則源於區域內接觸頻繁的客家話，事件持續標記[tsu22]與廣東、海南閩語具有類型一致特徵，是閩語表處所介詞結構簡省的結果。海豐閩語持續體貌標記的特徵及來源，對與海豐閩語一樣處在多語多方言接觸地帶的漢語方言，具有類型學意義。
Effects of rolling process on microstructure and properties of Mg–Gd–0.75Er–0.5Zn–0.18Zr alloy
Authors: Cheng Rongxin , Zhang Jing , Zang Qianhao , Han Dong , Feng Di , Cui Hongwei , Chen Hongmei
Published: May 2022

Mg-Gd-0.75Er-0.5Zn-0.18Zr alloy was subjected to conventional unidirectional rolling (UR) and cross-rolling (CR), and then annealed at 500°C for 30 min. The experimental results showed that the microstructure of the CR alloy sheet was mostly a fine and uniform equiaxial crystal structure. High degree of recrystallization occurred in both alloys after annealing, and the grains in CR alloy were finer and more uniform, and the texture strength of CR alloy was greatly weakened. The tensile strength of the alloys was reduced after high-temperature annealing, but the elongation was significantly increased, and the strength of the CR alloy sheets remained higher than that of the UR alloy sheets.
Adiabatic shear behaviour of AZ31 alloy with different grain size under high-strain-rate
Authors: Yuqing E. , Mao Pingli , Liu Xuanyu , Wu Xiaoxu , Wang Feng , Wang Zhi , Zhou Le , Liu Zheng
Published: May 2022

The effect of grain size on the adiabatic shear behaviour of AZ31 Mg alloy under high-strain-rate deformation was investigated in the present study. Samples with three types of grain sizes were prepared, and the hat-shaped samples were subjected to the high-strain-rate deformation. The high-strain-rate deformation was conducted at 1600 s–1 by using a split Hopkinson pressure bar at 200°C. The microstructure before and after deformation was observed by optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. The results indicated that the adiabatic shear sensitivity increased with the increase in the grain size. The calculation results indicated that the dynamic recrystallisation grains in the adiabatic shear band were formed by rotational dynamic recrystallisation.
Microstructural influences on fatigue crack initiation and early propagation in Ni-based superalloy
Authors: Kim Donghyuk , Jiang Rong , Sinclair Ian , Reed Philippa
Published: May 2022

Effects of unimodal secondary γ′ size and grain orientation on fatigue crack initiation and early crack propagation at room temperature have been investigated in RR1000 alloy. Fatigue tests show cracks mainly initiated at slip bands and/or pores followed by crystallographic facet formation while more diffuse strain localisation is observed around the pores by SEM-DIC analysis. Fatigue lifetime is linked to the number of crack initiations and consequent crack coalescence, which accelerates crack propagation. Slip trace analysis with EBSD mapping shows cracks are likely to propagate along the primary active slip system with a relatively high Schmid Factor. In the tests conducted here, the stochasticity of crack initiation events has more control on the overall lifetime than variations in secondary γ′ size.
STING controls energy stress-induced autophagy and energy metabolism via STX17
Authors: Rong Yueguang , Zhang Shen , Nandi Nilay , Wu Zhe , Li Linsen , Liu Yang , Wei Yuehan , Zhao Yuan , Yuan Weigang , Zhou Chuchu , Xiao Guanghua , Levine Beth , Yan Nan , Mou Shan , Deng Liufu , Tang Zaiming , Liu Xiaoxia , Kramer Helmut , Zhong Qing
Published: May 2022

The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) plays a critical role in innate immunity. Emerging evidence suggests that STING is important for DNA or cGAMP-induced non-canonical autophagy, which is independent of a large part of canonical autophagy machineries. Here, we report that, in the absence of STING, energy stress-induced autophagy is upregulated rather than downregulated. Depletion of STING in Drosophila fat cells enhances basal- and starvation-induced autophagic flux. During acute exercise, STING knockout mice show increased autophagy flux, exercise endurance, and altered glucose metabolism. Mechanistically, these observations could be explained by the STING–STX17 interaction. STING physically interacts with STX17, a SNARE that is essential for autophagosome biogenesis and autophagosome–lysosome fusion. Energy crisis and TBK1-mediated phosphorylation both disrupt the STING–STX17 interaction, allow different pools of STX17 to translocate to phagophores and mature autophagosomes, and promote autophagic flux. Taken together, we demonstrate a heretofore unexpected function of STING in energy stress-induced autophagy through spatial regulation of autophagic SNARE STX17.
Elevated barrier height originated from electric dipole effect and improved breakdown characteristics in PtOx/β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes
Authors: Jian Guangzhong , Hao Weibing , Shi Zhongyu , Han Zhao , Zhou Kai , Liu Qi , He Qiming , Zhou Xuanze , Chen Chen , Zhou Yanguang , Zhao Xiaolong , Xu Guangwei , Long Shibing
Published: May 2022

The higher Schottky barrier height of PtOx/β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diode (SBD) was derived from the electric dipole effect of PtOx Schottky electrode. And the higher Schottky barrier height effectively improved the reverse breakdown characteristics of β-Ga2O3 SBD. In this work, PtOx/β-Ga2O3 and Pt/β-Ga2O3 SBDs were fabricated, and the Schottky barrier height of PtOx SBD increased with the increment of oxygen element component in PtOx electrode, which were all higher than the Schottky barrier height of Pt SBD. Kelvin probe force microscope measurement indicated that Fermi level pinning effect and the variation in work functions of Schottky electrodes were irrelevant to the higher barrier height. Moreover, with the increment of inserting PtOx layer thickness in Pt/PtOx/β-Ga2O3 SBDs, the Schottky barrier height increased from 1.32 eV to 1.82 eV. Bright-field scanning transmission electron microscopy image demonstrated that PtOx was mainly polycrystal with layer structure near the Schottky interface. The layer structure composed of Pt ions and O ions induced electric dipole effect, and the electric dipole effect led to the increase of Schottky barrier height for PtOx SBD. Lower leakage current density, higher breakdown voltages and more concentrated breakdown voltage distribution were obtained for PtOx SBDs. Furthermore, the barrier heights of PtOx SBDs gradually increased as the temperature raised, resulting in their reverse leakage current increased much more slowly with temperature than that of Pt SBD. The above results demonstrated that PtOx/β-Ga2O3 SBD had great potential in enhancing reverse blocking characteristics and high-temperature environment applications.
Nonunitary superconductivity in complex quantum materials
Authors: Ramires Aline
Published: May 2022

We revisit the concept of nonunitary superconductivity and generalize it to address complex quantum materials. Starting with a brief review of the notion of nonunitary superconductivity, we discuss its spectral signatures in simple models with only the spin as an internal degree of freedom. In complex materials with multiple internal degrees of freedom, there are many more possibilities for the development of nonunitary order parameters. We provide examples focusing on d-electron systems with two orbitals, applicable to a variety of materials. We discuss the consequences for the superconducting spectra, highlighting that gap openings of band crossings at finite energies can be attributed to a nonunitary order parameter if this is associated with a finite superconducting fitness matrix. We speculate that nonunitary superconductivity in complex quantum materials is in fact very common and can be associated with multiple cases of recently reported time-reversal symmetry breaking superconductors.
Self-organizing maps for efficient classification of flow regimes from gamma densitometry time series in three-phase fluidized beds
Authors: Picabea Julia , Maestri Mauricio , Salierno Gabriel , Cassanello Miryan , De Blasio Cataldo , Cardona María Angélica , Hojman Daniel , Somacal Héctor
Published: May 2022

The potential of artificial neural networks as a tool to classify and identify a change in the flow regime of a three-phase fluidized bed is studied. Particularly, the suitability of self-organizing maps (SOMs), unsupervised neural networks that visualize the data in a lower dimension, is evaluated. Statistical features of experimental time series determined in a three-phase (granulated carbon-air-water) fluidized bed are extracted as inputs to train the SOM. Photon-count time series are obtained along the fluidized bed vertical axis by gamma-densitometry at different operative conditions. Then, they are analyzed to determine the underlying flow regime indexes. When each input data is presented to the SOMs, a neuron is activated, giving a visual representation of the data. The resulting models show three different regions on the map for the homogenous, transition, and heterogeneous flow regimes. Once these regions are delimited, the map can quickly classify the equipment operating conditions. The ability of the SOMs to diagnose a flow transition is verified against visual observation and gas hold-up trends. The conclusions are tested for their sensitivity to alternative axial positions of the radiation source used for the densitometry.
Numerical analysis of damage mechanisms for 3D-printed sandwich structures using a meshless method
Authors: Castro Bruno Dorneles de , Magalhães Frederico de Castro , Campos Rubio Juan Carlos
Published: May 2022

Finite element analysis is a widely used simulation technique to analyze structural components and the mechanical behavior of materials under different loading conditions. The major steps involved in finite element simulations are the definition of the basic parameters and the discretization in elements of the component, also known as preprocessing, the analysis of the models and the post-processing by the representation and the interpretation of the obtained results. On the particular case of complex geometries obtained by fused deposition modeling, the most time consuming of these three steps is that of preprocessing, because on traditional finite element technology is require that the real geometry of the CAD model is simplified to be meshed and analyzed. Nowadays, different techniques have been proposed and developed with this objective: reduce costs in terms of time and specialized human resources because the workflow is easier and simpler. One of these methods is known as the meshless method, which do not require connection between nodes and are based on the interaction of the points of the geometry with the neighbors, so the processor analyzes the real CAD geometry and no simplifications are needed. The present work uses the meshless method based on the theory of external approximation as an alternative to the classic finite element method. In numerical simulations, the influence of core shape is evaluated on the failure mode of the 3D-printed lightweight structures. Three cell core patterns were numerically evaluated under tensile and three-point bending tests: out-of-plane hexagonal honeycomb, S-shape corrugated, and in-plane hexagonal honeycomb cores. The nucleation and propagation of cracks had more heterogeneous profiles for in-plane hexagonal honeycomb cores, showing greater unpredictability in the susceptible areas to failure. The numerical analysis with the meshless method showed a potential for a fast prediction and a low computational cost analysis.
Flat bands and topological properties of twisted bilayer WSe2 under external stimuli
Authors: Wang Yan , Yu Gui-qiang , Luo Guo-yu , Li Zhi-qiang
Published: May 2022

We present systematic calculations on the electronic band structures and topological properties of twisted bilayer WSe2 with twist angle near 1° under different strains, pressures and vertical electric fields. We find that extremely narrow bandwidth less than 1 meV can be obtained for the top two valence bands for a wide range of strain smaller than 2%. Remarkably, the minimum bandwidth with strain around 1.8% is very robust under different pressures and electric fields, so the strain-induced flat band provides a robust 2D system for studying of electron strong correlation. The band gaps between the top valance bands increase significantly under pressure and vertical electric field, offering effective approaches for band engineering. Furthermore, we show that vertical electric field can lead to topological transitions for the flat bands, which are analyzed in details from a close examination of the band touching process. Our results not only provide new insights into the flat bands and their topological properties under various external stimuli in this versatile moiré superlattice system, but also reveal the important parameter spaces for exploring its novel physics in future studies.
Effect of SnS thin film thickness on visible light photo detection
Authors: Alagarasan Devarajan , Hegde S S , Varadharajaperumal S , Aadhavan R , Naik R , Shkir Mohd , Algarni H , Ganesan R
Published: May 2022

In this study, SnS thin films of various thicknesses (500 nm–700 nm) were prepared by the thermal evaporation technique for potential photodetector application. High purity SnS prepared at 1000 °C is used to deposit thin films at room temperature. The prepared SnS thin films were characterized to assess the thickness effect on the crystallite size, morphology, transmittance, band gap, and photo-sensing properties. SnS pure phase confirmed through XRD and Raman spectral analysis. Among the fabricated SnS thin films, the sample having a thickness of 650 nm showed better crystallinity with higher crystallite size and preferred orientation of crystallites. SnS grew plate-like-columnar grain morphology of different widths and thicknesses which is confirmed by FESEM results. The UV–Vis studies showed a minimum band gap value obtained for 650 nm thickness film. The 650 nm thickness SnS films have a highest photo response of 6.72 × 10−1 AW−1, external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 157%, and detectivity of 14.2 × 109 Jones. The transient photo-response analysis showed the 650 nm SnS thin film has a 5.3 s rise and 5.1 s fall duration, which is better suitable for photodetector applications compared to other samples.
Towards multifunctional applications of Fullerene-filled (PVA-PEG) polymeric nanocomposite films: structural, optical, and electrical properties
Authors: Mohammed M I , Yahia I S
Published: May 2022

Via casting method, Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) blend matrix (80/20 wt %) based with fullerene (C60) (i.e., (PVA–PEG)/C60) polymeric nanocomposite (PNC) films have been prepared for optoelectronic devices. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis have been used to examine the structural behavior of these PNC films. The absorption coefficient derived from Beer-Lambert’s equation was used to determine energy bandgap (E

g
), and Urbach’s energy (E

u
) values. The nanocomposite films bandgap was lowered to 4.05 eV for indirect transition and 4.98 eV for direct transition. Because of surface plasmon absorption, the extinction index (k) rises with a doping concentration in nanocomposite films. The connections between bandgap and refractive index (n

av
) were investigated using several empirical formulas to arrive at an average value for n. The nonlinear susceptibility χ
(3) increased from 1.23 × 10−12 esu to 1.82 × 10−12 esu and from 7.099 × 10−13esu to 8.87 × 10−13 for indirect and direct transition, respectively. The nonlinear refractive index (n
2) increased from 2.146 × 10−11 esu to 3.062 × 10−11 esu and from 1.306 × 10−11esu to 1.59 × 10−11 esu for indirect and direct transition, respectively. The nanocomposites’ optical limiting performance and laser beam absorption capability were examined. Doping PVA–PEG with C60 in these nanocomposites at room temperature has been studied for its impact on complex dielectric permittivity, electric modulus characteristics, and AC electrical conductivity. The dielectric properties reduced with increasing frequency and raised with rising temperature and discussed as evidence of interfacial polarization. AC conductivity levels that varied with temperature followed Arrhenius’s law. According to our findings, the newly developed polymeric nanocomposite films are well-suited for use in electrical and optoelectronic devices.