bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, Lambert-Eaton syndrome and neuropathy associated with AGNA/anti-SOX1 and VGCC antibodies
Authors: Feldheim Jonas , Deuschl Cornelius , Glas Martin , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Hagenacker Tim
Published: May 2021

Anti-glial nuclear antibody (AGNA) is an onconeuroal antibody targeting the nuclei of Bergmann glia in the cerebellum and Anti-SRY-related HMG-box 1 (SOX1). It is highly specific for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and correlates to the appearance of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes such as Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (pLEMS) and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) amongst others. Herein, we present a SCLC patient with rapidly progressive PCD, LEMS and axonal polyneuropathy associated with AGNA/SOX1-antibodies, successfully treated with plasma-exchange (PLEX).
An Intimate History of Empire
Authors: Matera Marc
Published: May 2021

Through a combination of critical memoir and family history, Hazel V. Carby’s Imperial Intimacies: A Tale of Two Islands offers an intimate history of empire—an excavation of close connections across space and time, of empire’s presence in the most intimate spaces and relationships, and of the sedimented yet contingent racial logics underlying constructions of Englishness and Britishness. This brief discussion essay considers the book’s eccentric form and method as a challenge to imperial history, its methodological commitments, and its archival moorings. Carby offers a powerful critique of narratives of the black presence and racism in postwar Britain that center on the arrival of the HMT Empire Windrush in 1948. By way of conclusion, the essay follows Carby in revisiting the so-called Brown Baby debate at the end of World War II, an episode in the reracialization of Britain that offers glimpses of the diversity of perspectives and political imaginaries among people of African descent and their extensive ties to a wider black Atlantic.
The USA in Modern Times: Society, State and Law: Part 1: XVII-XVIII centuries
Authors: Alent'eva Tat'yana , Filimonova Mariya
Published: May 2021

The textbook examines the processes of the emergence and development of English colonies in North America in the XVII-XVIII centuries, as well as the process of formation and formation of the young American state. Considerable attention is paid to socio-economic processes, the study of which makes it possible to more fully consider political and legal trends and features. The political structure of the colonies is described in detail, and the colonial charters are analyzed. The article covers the first North American revolution, analyzes the political programs and activities of the first American political groups and their leaders. The process of drafting and ratifying the Constitution of 1787 is considered in detail, its content and the political activities of the first American presidents are analyzed. A separate chapter is devoted to the development of law in the XVII-XVIII centuries. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is addressed to law students studying the history of state and law, as well as the constitutional law of foreign countries, historical students specializing in the study of US history, as well as students studying international relations, and anyone interested in history.
Crowdsourcing Last-Mile Deliveries
Authors: Fatehi Soraya , Wagner Michael R.
Published: May 2021

Problem definition: Because of the emergence and development of e-commerce, customers demand faster and cheaper delivery services. However, many retailers find it challenging to efficiently provide fast and on-time delivery services to their customers. Academic/practical relevance: Amazon and Walmart are among the retailers that are relying on independent crowd drivers to cope with on-demand delivery expectations. Methodology: We propose a novel robust crowdsourcing optimization model to study labor planning and pricing for crowdsourced last-mile delivery systems that are utilized for satisfying on-demand orders with guaranteed delivery time windows. We develop our model by combining crowdsourcing, robust queueing, and robust routing theories. We show the value of the robust optimization approach by analytically studying how to provide fast and guaranteed delivery services utilizing independent crowd drivers under uncertainties in customer demands, crowd availability, service times, and traffic patterns; we also allow for trend and seasonality in these uncertainties. Results: For a given delivery time window and an on-time delivery guarantee level, our model allows us to analytically derive the optimal delivery assignments to available independent crowd drivers and their optimal hourly wage. Our results show that crowdsourcing can help firms decrease their delivery costs significantly while keeping the promise of on-time delivery to their customers. Managerial implications: We provide extensive managerial insights and guidelines for how such a system should be implemented in practice.
Activist Protest Spillovers into the Regulatory Domain: Theory and Evidence from the U.S. Nuclear Power Generation Industry
Authors: Fremeth Adam R. , Holburn Guy L. F. , Piazza Alessandro
Published: May 2021

We examine how social activism—in the form of public protests against contentious business practices—can spill over into the regulatory domain, extending beyond activists’ articulated goals to affect firms’ regulatory outcomes in areas that are not directly targeted. We argue that firms are likely to experience broader regulatory repercussions after activist protests because public contention invites greater scrutiny of firm behavior by industry regulators, increasing the likelihood that instances of organizational noncompliance will be discovered. Protests can also cause regulators to evaluate targeted firms more negatively in regulatory assessments, especially firms with less favorable preexisting reputations or stakeholder relations, and to tighten regulations on nontargeted issues that signal their commitment to safeguarding the public interest. We further contend that the political context within which regulatory agencies operate shapes the extent of protest spillovers: When political institutions are aligned with activist goals, and when regulators are ideologically sympathetic too, protests have a more pronounced negative impact on firms’ regulatory outcomes in nontargeted domains. We find robust support for our predictions in a statistical analysis of the impact of antinuclear protests—which sought to block nuclear power plant development by electric utilities—on utilities’ subsequent regulated financial rates of return on their assets. Our analysis contributes new insights to research on the indirect consequences for targeted organizations of social activism.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE POPULARIZAÇÃO DA CIÊNCIA E MOVIMENTOS ANTICIENTIFICISTAS NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE DISCURSIVA
Authors: Taveira Gustavo Diniz de Mesquita , Carneiro Gabriela Da Silva , Stribel Guilherme Pereira
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho busca refletir sobre as relações entre o aumento das políticas públicas de popularização da ciência e os posicionamentos anticientificistas. Em um primeiro momento, são apresentadas diversas políticas públicas que, principalmente desde 2003, ampliaram o alcance da ciência na sociedade brasileira. Paralelamente, evidencia-se o crescimento do movimento anticientificista no Brasil, apresentado como um problema social grave, oriundo de disputas hegemônicas, que implica, por exemplo, no ressurgimento de doenças já controladas. Em uma perspectiva discursiva, este artigo articular-se com a ideia de não reduzir tais movimentos a farsa e sim, tentar compreender suas redes de formação discursivas. Leva-se em consideração que estes movimentos também se fazem presentes no âmbito educacional; logo, a educação é discutida em diferentes conjecturas, segundo a proposta de Gohn, a saber, educação formal, educação não-formal, e educação informal. A partir destas três categorias, reflete-se sobre a produção curricular como arena de disputa de sentidos, compreendendo que a popularização da ciência está atravessada/atravessa todos estes campos educacionais.
Conflict of the Social Environment as a Subject of Research
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Kurylo Vitalii , Karaman Olena ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University
Published: May 2021

The article presents a theoretical and experimental substantiation of the problem of conflict of the social environment in Luhansk region as a consequence of the hybrid warfare in East of Ukraine. It is determined that the conflict is an active reciprocal actions of opponents to achieve their goals, colored by strong emotional experiences; social conflict is opened confrontation, collision of two or more subjects and participants of social interaction, the causes of which are perceived incompatible needs, interests and values. It is established that as a result of the hybrid warfare in the communities of East of Ukraine a high concentration of different categories of the population was formed, which caused an increased level of conflict in the social environment. The results of a sociological study on determining the level of conflict in the social environment in Luhansk region within the Project of EU «Intensification of the influence of teachers in Luhansk region on the processes of reconciliation and peace» are presented. It has been experimentally proven that the hybrid warfare in East of Ukraine caused a high level of conflict in the social environment of Luhansk region at the level of community, collective and individual and caused the need for targeted influence on reconciliation and peace in the region.
Peculiarities of Agility Development in Children of Primary School Age in Groups of the Extended Day
Authors:   Sumy Makarenko State Pedagogical University, Gvozdetska Svitlana , Rybalko Petro ,   Sumy Makarenko State Pedagogical University, Prokopova Liudmyla ,   Sumy Makarenko State Pedagogical University, Dubynska Oksana ,   Sumy Makarenko State Pedagogical University, Кrasilov Andrii ,   Sumy Makarenko State Pedagogical University
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of agility development in children of primary school age at physical education classes in extended day groups. The aim of the article is to develop and experimentally substantiate the methodology of developing agility in children of primary school age in groups of extended day by means of moving games. To achieve this goal, the following research methods were used: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, testing the level of agility, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. In the process of studying and analyzing the scientific and methodological literature, it has been determined that the additional use of moving games at physical education classes in extended day groups has a positive effect on the development of agility in primary school pupils. Also, the analysis of existing programs and methods for conducting physical education classes in extended day groups showed that they are small and outdated and need scientific justification. For a predetermined and targeted impact on the agility development in primary school pupils at physical education classes in groups of extended day was developed the author’s methodology, which took into account: the content of the school curriculum in physical education for primary school children, age, gender, fitness level, pupils’ desire to attend physical education classes. To experimentally substantiate the developed methodology, a pedagogical experiment was conducted, the results of which indicate the effectiveness of the author’s methodology for the agility development in children of primary school age at physical education classes in extended day groups.
The Content of the Technology of Junior Pupils’ Information and Digital Competence Formation in the Process of Social and Pedagogical Communication
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Stiehantseva Valeriia
Published: May 2021

The article considers the problem of constructing the content of pedagogical technology, which enables the implementation of the process of junior pupils’ information and digital competence formation. It is proved that socio-pedagogical communication, which is carried out within the school environment, has a special impact on the child of primary school age, as activities related to learning are leading and gaining importance in the context of the social role of the schoolchildren. The author's definition of pedagogical technology of junior pupils’ information and digital competence formation in the process of social and pedagogical communication is presented. The main forms of work with parents within the framework of pedagogical technology are distinguished: training sessions «Child in the digital world», «How to protect a child from crimes on the Internet»; parent meeting (acquaintance with the basic requirements for information and digital competence of schoolchildren, with the rules of using gadgets at school, discussion of children's achievements, expectations of parents, etc.); conversations (discussion of digital barriers, advantages and disadvantages of global digitalization, the impact of modern digital technologies on the socialization of children, including in the context of social interaction with adults and peers, etc.); consultations. The main forms of realization of pedagogical technology for junior schoolchildren are allocated: class hours in the form of conversation which can include elements of quizzes, competitions, games, etc.; extended day groups, group work (sections, clubs, creative associations); master classes, for example, on creating your own images in the form of drawings and creative processing of finished images (in Paint, Freshpoint); mass school events (thematic evenings, days and weeks), creative group projects; extracurricular activities (visits to cinemas, museums, excursions, etc.).
Particular Issues Associated with Preparation of Future Teachers of Physical Education (PE) for Work in Inclusive Education Environment
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Sokolenko Olena
Published: May 2021

The article investigates the problem of incorporation of inclusive competencies into vocational preparation of future teachers of PE for work in inclusive education environment. The purpose of the article is a theoretical foundation of inclusive competencies implementation into vocational preparation of future teachers of PE for work in inclusive education environment. Appropriate staffing is of particular importance for inclusive education environment. There is no doubt that inclusive education environment is fostered by teachers, including by the teachers of PE. On our opinion, today not enough attention is paid to the staff preparation capable to work in inclusive education environment. In order to implement inclusive education in secondary education institutions, at first it is required to make changes in the organization of educational process at the level of higher education with an aim to develop inclusive competency of future teachers of PE. We have included inclusive competency into the system of professional competencies components that future teachers of PE must master during their training course and that of importance for work with children with special needs.
Analysis of Conducting Physical Education Classes Using Distance Learning and its Impact on the Lifestyle of Student Youth Caused by COVID-19
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Globa Tetiana
Published: May 2021

The article describes the way of life of student youth during full-time and distance learning and highlights the peculiarities of learning conditions in some higher educational institutions in Ukraine. The influence of distance learning on the way of life of student youth is investigated and analyzed. It has been analyzed what distance learning can lead to if a person does not try to follow a healthy lifestyle. A number of higher educational institutions in Ukraine were analyzed in relation to the teaching of the discipline "Physical Culture" during quarantine restrictions caused by COVID-19. The research was conducted in the following higher educational institutions: Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University; O. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv; Dmytro Motorny Tavriya State Agrotechnological University; National Technical University of Ukraine ‘Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute; Oles Honchar Dnipro National University. A questionnaire survey was also conducted in which 60 second-year students of the Faculty of Medical Technologies of Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University took part. It was found that the largest number of respondents – 44 students (73%) – changed their daily routine, 49 (82%) respondents began to play fewer sports, and 67% began to spend more time at home. It should also be noted that 57% of respondents feel the negative impact of a sedentary lifestyle, and 58% of respondents claimed that their psycho-emotional state deteriorated during distance learning, which in turn may negatively affect the success of student youth and their level of physical health. The relevance and expediency of the chosen research problem are proved.
Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells containing microRNA-381 protect against spinal cord injury in a rat model via the BRD4/WNT5A axis
Authors: Jia Xufeng , Huang Guangping , Wang Shaohua , Long Miao , Tang Xiaojun , Feng Daxiong , Zhou Qingzhong
Published: May 2021

Aims

Non-coding microRNA (miRNA) in extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may promote neuronal repair after spinal cord injury (SCI). In this paper we report on the effects of MSC-EV-microRNA-381 (miR-381) in a rodent model of SCI.

Methods

In the current study, the luciferase assay confirmed a binding site of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) and Wnt family member 5A (WNT5A). Then we detected expression of miR-381, BRD4, and WNT5A in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cells treated with MSC-isolated EVs and measured neuron apoptosis in culture by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. A rat model of SCI was established to detect the in vivo effect of miR-381 and MSC-EVs on SCI.

Results

We confirmed an interaction between miR-381 and BRD4, and showed that miR-381 overexpression inhibited the expression of BRD4 in DRG cells as well as the apoptosis of DRG cells through WNT5A via activation of Ras homologous A (RhoA)/Rho-kinase activity. Moreover, treatment of MSC-EVs rescued neuron apoptosis and promoted the recovery of SCI through inhibition of the BRD4/WNT5A axis.

Conclusion

Taken altogether, miR-381 derived from MSC-EVs can promote the recovery of SCI through BRD4/WNT5A axis, providing a new perspective on SCI treatment. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(5):328–339.
Direct Support Professionals' Perspectives on Workplace Support: Underappreciated, Overworked, Stressed Out, and Stretched Thin
Authors: Johnson Katherine E. , Bailey Caitlin E. , Weiss Nancy R. , Eidelman Steven M.
Published: May 2021

The Direct Support Professional (DSP) workforce has experienced a multidecade period of disinvestment in the field leading to DSPs being in high demand, while efforts to recruit, train, and retain these professionals pose challenges. To gain a better understanding of the needs of DSPs themselves, 440 survey responses and 24 interviews of DSPs were analyzed to understand what would help DSPs do their jobs better and ensure they feel more supported by their agencies. Results revealed six distinct support needs: (a) ensure quality participatory management practices, (b) provide fair compensation and recognition, (c) enhance access to training opportunities, (d) assure reliable and quality staffing, (e) adequately fund basic needs of both programs and people receiving support, and (f) maintain reasonable job expectations.
Effects of a Community-Based Familiarization Intervention on Independent Performance of Resistance-Training Exercise Tasks by Adults With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Obrusnikova Iva , Cavalier Albert R. , Novak Haley M. , Blair-McKinsey Ashleigh E. , Suminski Rick R.
Published: May 2021

Adults with intellectual disability (ID) have significantly lower levels of fitness compared to the general population. The study examined the effects of a multicomponent familiarization intervention, consisting of a visual activity schedule and a video-enhanced system of least-to-most prompting, both displayed via an iPad, on the acquisition of resistance-training exercise tasks by adults with ID, aged 18–44 years, in a community fitness center. Twelve participants were randomly allocated to an experimental group (EG) and 12 to an active control group (CG). ANOVA revealed EG correctly and independently performed a significantly greater number of steps of four resistance-training exercise tasks compared with CG, relative to preintervention levels (p < .01). The intervention was effective in promoting functional performance of resistance-training exercise tasks among adults with ID.
A Community-Health System Intervention to Improve the Primary Healthcare of Adults With Down Syndrome Through Electronic Consultations
Authors: Tyler Carl V. , Wells Michael D.
Published: May 2021

Health systems often fail to tap the expertise of the developmental disabilities community support and service system. In this 9-month pilot health system-level quality improvement project, a multi-disciplinary team of physician, pharmacist, and disabilities advocate reviewed electronic records of patients with Down syndrome in advance of pre-scheduled appointments with their primary care physician (PCP) and generated 100 electronic consultations. Post-consultation chart review documented meaningful uptake of clinical recommendations, including screening for thyroid disease, celiac disease, and heart disease, pneumococcal vaccination, and screening physical examination for myelopathy. In addition to clinical recommendations regarding screening, diagnosis, and treatment, each consultation provided an average of eight tailored suggestions for potential community-based resources related to mental and behavioral health, recreation, socialization, and other relevant services and supports. “Push” multi-disciplinary electronic consultations in advance of primary care appointments enriched with input from disabilities community experts have the potential to improve the quality of health care provided to persons with developmental disabilities.
0.1 THz exposure affects primary hippocampus neuron gene expression via alternating transcription factor binding
Authors: Shang Sen , Wu XingJuan , Zhang Qi , Zhao Jiping , Hu Erling , Wang Leilei , Lu Xiaoyun
Published: May 2021

In recent years, many studies have been conducted to investigate the influence of terahertz (THz) radiation on the gene expression in various cell types, but the underling molecular mechanism has not yet been fully revealed. In this study, we explored the effects of 0.1 THz radiation on the gene expression in primary neuron cells through RNA-seq analysis. 111 up-regulated and 54 down-regulated genes were identified. Several biomolecule binding related categories such as “long-chain fatty acid binding”, “tropomyosin binding”, “BMP receptor binding”, as well as “GTPase binding” and “phospholipid binding” were enriched by GO analysis. Moreover, the GSEA analysis indicated that genes encoding protein biosynthetic machinery ribosome were up-regulated by 0.1 THz irradiation. In addition, we demonstrated that the binding efficiency of a transcription factor (TF) AP-1 with its transcription factor binding site (TFBS) in DNA was reduced by THz irradiation, which suggested that THz irradiation might affect the interaction between TFs with DNA and consequently regulate the gene expression. Our results provide new insights into the biological effects of terahertz irradiation.
Combining quantitative phase microscopy and laser-induced shockwave for the study of cell injury
Authors: Pouladian Pegah , Yamauchi Toyohiko , Wakida Nicole M. , Gomez-Godinez Veronica , Berns Michael W. , Preece Daryl
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we propose a new system for studying cellular injury. The system is a biophotonic work station that can generate Laser-Induced Shockwave (LIS) in the cell culture medium combined with a Quantitative Phase Microscope (QPM), enabling the real-time measurement of intracellular dynamics and quantitative changes in cellular thickness during the damage and recovery processes. In addition, the system is capable of Phase Contrast (PhC) and Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) microscopy. Our studies showed that QPM allows us to discern changes that otherwise would be unnoticeable or difficult to detect using phase or DIC imaging. As one application, this system enables the study of traumatic brain injury in vitro. Astrocytes are the most numerous cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and have been shown to play a role in the repair of damaged neuronal tissue. In this study, we use LIS to create a precise mechanical force in the culture medium at a controlled distance from astrocytes and measure the quantitative changes, in order of nanometers, in cell thickness. Experiments were performed in different cell culture media in order to evaluate the reproducibility of the experimental method.
Tailored optical properties of an atomic medium by a narrow-bandwidth frequency comb
Authors: Behera Rita , Pal Bappaditya , Pradhan Swarupananda
Published: May 2021

The quantum-interference-assisted enhanced optical activity due to the emergence of a steady-state atomic polarization is investigated. Rubidium atoms in an antirelaxation-coated cell provide a suitable platform to address the phenomena at multiple Larmor frequencies. The atomic sample interacts with a narrow-bandwidth frequency comb generated by the frequency modulation of the light field. The Lindblad master equation with a trichromatic field provides a microscopic picture of the atomic response to the narrow-bandwidth frequency comb. The directive of the relative phase between the light fields, in the detuning dependence of the magnetic resonances, is conclusively captured with the trichromatic field model. The measured absorption, nonlinear magneto-optic rotation, and their dependencies on various experimental parameters are analyzed. Ellipticity of the light field controls the extent of several physical processes at multiple Larmor frequencies. The investigation provides an approach to address the Zeeman coherence in the interaction of a narrow bandwidth frequency comb with an atomic ensemble and will have applications in various quantum devices.
Ultra-rapid electro-optic sampling of octave-spanning mid-infrared waveforms
Authors: Weigel Alexander , Jacob Philip , Gröters David , Buberl Theresa , Huber Marinus , Trubetskov Michael , Heberle Joachim , Pupeza Ioachim
Published: May 2021

We demonstrate ultra-rapid electro-optic sampling (EOS) of octave-spanning mid-infrared pulses centered at 9 μm, implemented by mechanically scanning a mirror with a sonotrode resonating at 19 kHz (forward and backward acquisition at 38 kHz). The instrument records the infrared waveform with a spectral intensity dynamic range of 1.6 × 105 for a single scan over a 1.6-ps delay range, acquired within 26 μs. The purely reflective nature of the delay scanning technique is compatible with broad optical bandwidths, short pulse durations (16 fs, centered at 1030 nm) and high average powers (Watt-level). Interferometric tracking of the sonotrode motion in combination with a predictor-corrector algorithm allows for delay-axis determination with down to single-digit attosecond precision. Ultra-rapid mid-infrared EOS will advance applications such as molecular fingerprinting of static samples as well as tracking of biological processes and chemical reactions and is likely to find new fields of application such as infrared-spectroscopic flow cytometry.
High-resolution and large-dynamic-range temperature sensor using fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Pérot cavity
Authors: Li Gang , Ji Lanting , Li Guoqiang , Su Juan , Wu Chi
Published: May 2021

A high-resolution and large-dynamic-range temperature sensor adopting a pair of fiber Bragg grating as Fabry–Pérot cavity (FBG-FP) and laser frequency dither locking method is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. This sensor exhibits a temperature resolution of 7×10−4 °C and a dynamic range of ∼46 °C. It is especially useful for applications where very small temperature changes need to be detected, such as deep ocean temperature measurement.
Improved light output from thick β-Ga2O3 scintillation crystals via graded-refractive-index photonic crystals
Authors: Zhu Zhichao , Liu Bo , Zhang Fan , Tang Huili , Xu Jun , Gu Mu , Zhang Chi , Chen Liang , Liu Jinliang , Ouyang Xiaoping
Published: May 2021

β-Ga2O3 is a promising candidate as a fast scintillation crystal for radiation detection in fast X-ray imaging and high-energy physics experiments. However, total internal reflection severely limits its light output. Conventional photonic crystals can improve the light output, but such improvement decreases dramatically with increased scintillator thickness due to the strong backward reflection by the photonic crystals. Here, graded-refractive-index photonic crystals composed of nanocone arrays are designed and fabricated on the surfaces of β-Ga2O3 crystals with various thicknesses. Compared to the conventional photonic crystals, there is still an obvious light output improvement by using the graded-refractive-index photonic crystals when the thickness of the crystals is increased by three times. The effect of thickness on the improved light output is investigated with numerical simulations and experiments. Overall, the graded-refractive-index photonic crystals are beneficial to the improvement of light output from thick scintillators.
Laser-assisted LED for adaptive-driving-beam headlights employing ultra-reliable single crystal phosphor for autonomous vehicles
Authors: Chang Yung-Peng , Shih Hsing-Kun , Liu Chun-Nien , Chen Hsin-An , Tsai Stark , Li Kenneth , Han Pin , Cheng Wood-Hi
Published: May 2021

A novel laser-assisted LED for adaptive-driving-beam (ADB) headlights employing an ultra-reliable Ce3+: YAG-based single crystal phosphor (SCP)-converter layer for use in autonomous vehicles is demonstrated. The SCP fabricated at a high-temperature of 1,940°C exhibited better thermal stability than other phosphor-converter materials, evidenced by a thermal aging test. The high-beam pattern of the ADB is measured at a luminous intensity of 88,436 cd at 0°, 69,393 cd at ± 2.5°, and 42,942 cd at ± 5°, which well satisfies the ECE R112 class B regulation. The advantage of introducing the laser-assisted LED system employing the highly reliable SCP is to produce the high intensity for the ADB, which enables the increase of the field of view by 20% and the brightness by 28% for the ADB headlight and results in improving the visibility from ± 7° to ± 8.5° and the illumination distance up to 200 m. This proposed advance ADB headlight with the ultra-reliable SCP and the novel laser-assisted LED is favorable as one of the most promising ADB light source candidates for use in the next-generation autonomous vehicle applications.
On the effect of phylogenetic correlations in coevolution-based contact prediction in proteins
Authors: Rodriguez Horta Edwin , Weigt Martin
Published: May 2021

Coevolution-based contact prediction, either directly by coevolutionary couplings resulting from global statistical sequence models or using structural supervision and deep learning, has found widespread application in protein-structure prediction from sequence. However, one of the basic assumptions in global statistical modeling is that sequences form an at least approximately independent sample of an unknown probability distribution, which is to be learned from data. In the case of protein families, this assumption is obviously violated by phylogenetic relations between protein sequences. It has turned out to be notoriously difficult to take phylogenetic correlations into account in coevolutionary model learning. Here, we propose a complementary approach: we develop strategies to randomize or resample sequence data, such that conservation patterns and phylogenetic relations are preserved, while intrinsic (i.e. structure- or function-based) coevolutionary couplings are removed. A comparison between the results of Direct Coupling Analysis applied to real and to resampled data shows that the largest coevolutionary couplings, i.e. those used for contact prediction, are only weakly influenced by phylogeny. However, the phylogeny-induced spurious couplings in the resampled data are compatible in size with the first false-positive contact predictions from real data. Dissecting functional from phylogeny-induced couplings might therefore extend accurate contact predictions to the range of intermediate-size couplings.
Sequence learning recodes cortical representations instead of strengthening initial ones
Authors: Kalm Kristjan , Norris Dennis
Published: May 2021

We contrast two computational models of sequence learning. The associative learner posits that learning proceeds by strengthening existing association weights. Alternatively, recoding posits that learning creates new and more efficient representations of the learned sequences. Importantly, both models propose that humans act as optimal learners but capture different statistics of the stimuli in their internal model. Furthermore, these models make dissociable predictions as to how learning changes the neural representation of sequences. We tested these predictions by using fMRI to extract neural activity patterns from the dorsal visual processing stream during a sequence recall task. We observed that only the recoding account can explain the similarity of neural activity patterns, suggesting that participants recode the learned sequences using chunks. We show that associative learning can theoretically store only very limited number of overlapping sequences, such as common in ecological working memory tasks, and hence an efficient learner should recode initial sequence representations.
Spinal movement variability associated with low back pain: A scoping review
Authors: Saito Hiroki , Watanabe Yoshiteru , Kutsuna Toshiki , Futohashi Toshihiro , Kusumoto Yasuaki , Chiba Hiroki , Kubo Masayoshi , Takasaki Hiroshi
Published: May 2021

Objective

To identify suggestions for future research on spinal movement variability (SMV) in individuals with low back pain (LBP) by investigating (1) the methodologies and statistical tools used to assess SMV; (2) characteristics that influence the direction of change in SMV; (3) the methodological quality and potential biases in the published studies; and (4) strategies for optimizing SMV in LBP patients.

Methods

We searched literature databases (CENTRAL, Medline, PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL) and comprehensively reviewed the relevant papers up to 5 May 2020. Eligibility criteria included studies investigating SMV in LBP subjects by measuring trunk angle using motion capture devices during voluntary repeated trunk movements in any plane. The Newcastle-Ottawa risk of bias tool was used for data quality assessment. Results were reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews.

Results

Eighteen studies were included: 14 cross-sectional and 4 prospective studies. Seven linear and non-linear statistical tools were used. Common movement tasks included trunk forward bending and backward return, and object lifting. Study results on SMV changes associated with LBP were inconsistent. Two of the three interventional studies reported changes in SMV, one of which was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving neuromuscular exercise interventions. Many studies did not account for the potential risk of selection bias in the LBP population.

Conclusion

Designers of future studies should recognize that each of the two types of statistical tools assesses functionally different aspects of SMV. Future studies should also consider dividing participants into subgroups according to LBP characteristics, as three potential subgroups with different SMV characteristics were proposed in our study. Different task demands also produced different effects. We found preliminary evidence in a RCT that neuromuscular exercises could modify SMV, suggesting a rationale for well-designed RCTs involving neuromuscular exercise interventions in future studies.
The impact of the catheter to vein ratio on peripheral intravenous cannulation success, a post-hoc analyses
Authors: van Loon Fredericus H. J. , Korsten Hendrikus H. M. , Dierick–van Daele Angelique T. M. , Bouwman Arthur R. A.
Published: May 2021

Background

Intravenous cannulation is usually the first procedure performed in modern healthcare, although establishing peripheral intravenous access is challenging in some patients. The impact of the ratio between venous diameter and the size of the inserted catheter (catheter to vein ratio, CVR) on the first attempt success rate can be of added value in clinical. This study tries to give insight into the consideration that must be made when selecting the target vein and the type of catheter, and proved the null hypothesis that an optimal CVR would not be associated with increased first attempt cannulation success.

Methods

This was a post-hoc analyses on adult patients admitted for peripheral intravenous cannulation. Intravenous cannulation was performed according to practice guidelines, by applying the traditional landmark approach. The CVR was calculated afterwards for each individual patient by dividing the external diameter of the inserted catheter by the diameter of the target vein, which was multiplied by 100%.

Results

In total, 610 patients were included. The median CVR was 0.39 (0.15) in patients with a successful first attempt, whereas patients with an unsuccessful first attempt had a median CVR of 0.55 (0.20) (P<0.001). The optimal cut-off point of the CVR was 0.41. First attempt cannulation was successful in 92% of patients with a CVR<0.41, whereas as those with a CVR>0.41 had a first attempt success rate of 65% (P<0.001).

Conclusion

This first introduction of the CVR in relation to cannulation success should be further investigated. Although, measuring the venous diameter or detection of a vein with a specific diameter prior to cannulation may increase first attempt cannulation success.
What is ‘space’ for dress? Theoretical considerations of a spatial turn for fashion studies
Authors: Almila Anna-Mari
Published: May 2021

This article seeks to contribute to the increasing body of fashion scholarship focused on space. Along with a spatial turn in human and social sciences, it is increasingly recognized by fashion researchers that spaces and places of fashion matter – but it is less discussed how a theoretical framework could be created to explore these. Thus, a Lefebvrian spatial analysis is considered here. The approach suggested recognizes that dress is fundamentally political, as is the space which it inhabits. Dressed bodies are subject to hegemonic ideologies, but individuals have the power to resist these, too. Some parameters of a spatialized fashion sociology and what benefits such an approach can bring for fashion scholarship more generally are considered. Dress should be understood as spatial practice, which in its turn creates spaces and realities, too. Such a framing allows for analysis of various spaces dressed bodies move through, and of how garments operate in these. Furthermore, it allows for extending the analysis by following garments through their whole life cycle, exploring the different kinds of spaces they enter. Such an approach has the potential for overcoming some persistent biases inherent in fashion scholarship, which tends to focus more on the ‘core’ than the ‘periphery’ locations of fashion.
Traditional weaving cultures in a global market: The case of Zapotec weavers
Authors: O’Connell Mark Joseph
Published: May 2021

Carpets woven in Mexico today use design elements found at historical sites in the vicinity of their manufacture, and local Indigenous weaving techniques function within an unbroken line of traditional familial wisdom. The weaving culture of the Zapotec Nation of Oaxaca now exists at the juncture of multivalent competing visual, economic and cultural mediators, which makes for a compelling case study to examine the impacts of globalization, as well as the preservation of creative and cultural autonomy. This article describes site visits to Zapotec weaving ateliers, and also examines the history of Zapotec weaving traditions, and contemporary community engagement within these (now globalized) processes. The methodology employed is an object-based exploration of a Zapotec weaving. Fieldwork was conducted in the winter of 2019. It included an ethnographic observation of master Zapotec weavers within their ateliers; an observation of the original design inspirations at pre-Columbian architectural sites; artefact observation at the Museo Textil de Oaxaca; as well as practice-led natural dye research. Textile weaving is a natural site for the study of political agency and ‘cultural citizenship’, as it functions within a structure that safeguards traditional knowledge, as well as collectivizes local labourers within production flows.
Delft Blue to Denim Blue: Contemporary Dutch Fashion, Anneke Smelik (ed.) (2017)
Authors: Elia Ariele
Published: May 2021

Review of: Delft Blue to Denim Blue: Contemporary Dutch Fashion, Anneke Smelik (ed.) (2017)

London: I. B. Tauris, 304 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-78453-197-3, p/bk, £17.99
Contemporary Indonesian Fashion: Through the Looking Glass, Alessandra Lopez y Royo (2020)
Authors: Luvaas Brent
Published: May 2021

Review of: Contemporary Indonesian Fashion: Through the Looking Glass, Alessandra Lopez y Royo (2020)

London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 216 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-35006-130-9, h/bk, £76.50

ISBN 978-1-35023-795-7, p/bk, £26.09
Uma Campa é um Buraco Difícil de Tapar: e outros textos
Authors: Palinhos Jorge
Published: May 2021

“… e se houver uma questão subterrânea, subjacente, raiz comum a estas sete peças de Jorge Palinhos, talvez seja: por que motivo uma campa é um buraco tão difícil de tapar – se as vozes são evanescentes, solitárias, tão frágeis e desprotegidas?” (in Posfácio, Pedro Eiras
Marco teórico general para evaluar la lectura y diseñar prácticas para su enseñanza
Authors: Domínguez Gutiérrez Ana Belén , González Santamaria Virginia
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se presenta un marco teórico general para la enseñanza de la lectura o modelo didáctico en el que se expone qué habilidades son necesarias para mejorar la comprensión lectora o, mejor aún, un marco que permita poner en marcha estrategias proactivas, que «no dejen a ningún niño atrás» y que permitan intervenir tempranamente en las dificultades de aprendizaje para evitar que estas lleguen a tener más entidad y sean más resistentes a las acciones educativas. Desde la perspectiva psicolingüística, se identifican los conocimientos y procesos que intervienen en la comprensión lectora y que pueden ser evaluados, enseñados y mejorados, es decir, se propone una guía para diseñar prácticas de enseñanza de la lectura. Se revisan fundamentalmente los denominados aspectos no específicos de la lectura (comunes también a la comprensión de la lengua oral), mostrando por qué son necesarios y cómo evaluarlos. Se analizan las competencias léxicas del lector; los procesos de análisis morfosintáctico y de integración semántica; los conocimientos que posee sobre el mundo, un tema particular o una disciplina; y los conocimientos que tiene sobre las estructuras organizativas de los textos.
Plataforma digital y didáctica de la Biología en Uruguay
Authors: Grilli Silva Javier
Published: May 2021

A través de un convenio de intercambio académico existente entre la Universidad de Salamanca (España) y el Centro Regional de Profesores del Litoral (Uruguay), a principios de 2010 se dieron los primeros pasos para la incorporación de aulas virtuales en plataforma Moodle, en la formación de profesores bajo modalidad presencial, en lo que corresponde a la región litoral de Uruguay. El artículo presenta la experiencia que se tuvo en la formación de profesores de Biología entre los años 2010 y 2012, cuando los estudiantes cursan la asignatura Didáctica III, correspondiente al último año de la carrera. Se analiza el valor histórico que tuvo la incorporación de plataformas digitales, así como el que tuvo en la formación docente en lo que respecta a favorecer la relación teoría-práctica. Se explica la utilización que se hizo del recurso «foro de discusión» para la socialización de experiencias educativas y para la realización de evaluaciones auténticas. Se muestran algunos vínculos que se pudieron realizar entre conceptos de la didáctica y la práctica docente preprofesional que el novel profesor tiene en el año terminal de su formación de grado.
Revistas Pedagógicas de Divulgación en España
Authors: Hernández Díaz José María
Published: May 2021

Las revistas pedagógicas de divulgación en España tienen precedentes de distintas modalidades desde el siglo xix, tanto desde la Administración educativa como desde iniciativas de profesores y editores emprendedores, así como de sectores de la Iglesia católica. Pero será sobre todo a partir 1975, ya en democracia y con plenas libertades de expresión, cuando se produce un amplio movimiento de demanda de lectores pedagógicos, profesores principalmente. Emerge un amplio número de revistas pedagógicas de amplia difusión, varias de ellas en catalán o gallego, que buscan satisfacer la ansiedad informativa y formativa de ciudadanos y profesores, ávidos por llevar a sus dedicaciones profesionales en los centros escolares novedades que se van produciendo en el mundo y en el conjunto de España. Ahí se encuentra la clave del éxito de estas revistas pedagógicas de amplia difusión.
La evolución de una revista en papel a digital: de Organización y Gestión Educativa (OGE) a Dirección y Liderazgo Educativo (DYLE) del Fórum Europeo de administradores de la Educación
Authors: Romero Ureña Carmen , Andrés Rubia Fernando
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se trata de narrar la experiencia personal del director y la subdirectora de la revista del Fórum Europeo de Administradores de la Educación del Estado español en el momento en que tuvieron que abordar el cambio del formato papel al formato digital, motivados, principalmente, por los objetivos de adaptarse a los nuevos tiempos, de reducir costes y de ganar lectores en general y socios para la asociación en particular. Se parte de una breve historia de la revista OGE, de sus características y estructura y de los temas abordados en los últimos años y, en una segunda parte, se describe la nueva revista DyLE, su relación con la innovación pedagógica y sus características más significativas que se convierten en sus señas de identidad.
DESVIOS DE GÊNERO EM UM CURRÍCULO-MUSEU
Authors: Alves Claudio Eduardo Resende
Published: May 2021

Este artigo é resultante de uma pesquisa de Pós-Doutorado em Educação que propôs a investigação de um currículo-museu a partir de encontros e composições com os chamados (des)objetos. Museu é lido como um currículo, um artefato cultural que possui uma pedagogia que ensina e produz leituras sobre o mundo. Á luz dos estudos pós-criticos de gênero e currículo, o pesquisador realizou uma imersão em museus da cidade de Belo Horizonte/MG, utilizando a observação participante e o diário de campo. Para a construção do texto, foram selecionados três (des)objetos – uma balança, cartazes de cinema e troféus esportivos – como elementos problematizadores na pesquisa teórica e empírica. Os resultados evidenciam que um currículo-museu com gênero oportuniza encontros potentes com (des)objetos em museus, gerando desvios na prática do aprender sobre gênero. O estudo aponta a relevância de uma prática curricular em territórios não escolarizados pautada no debate das relações de gênero no museu.

Palavras-chave: Currículo. Gênero. Museu