bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a Novel Functional Leptin Protein (LEP) in Zebra Finches: Evidence for the Existence of an Authentic Avian Leptin Gene Predominantly Expressed in the Brain and Pituitary
Authors: Huang Guian , Li Juan , Wang Hongning , Lan Xinyu , Wang Yajun
Published: May 2014

Leptin (LEP) is reported to play important roles in controlling energy balance in vertebrates, including birds. However, it remains an open question whether an authentic “LEP gene” exists and functions in birds. Here, we identified and characterized a LEP gene (zebra finch LEP [zbLEP]) encoding a 172-amino acid precursor in zebra finches. Despite zbLEP showing limited amino acid sequence identity (26%–29%) to human and mouse LEPs, synteny analysis proved that zbLEP is orthologous to mammalian LEP. Using a pAH32 luciferase reporter system and Western blot analysis, we demonstrated that the recombinant zbLEP protein could potently activate finch and chicken LEP receptors (zbLEPR; cLEPR) expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and enhance signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation, further indicating that zbLEP is a functional ligand for avian LEPRs. Interestingly, quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed that zbLEP mRNA is expressed nearly exclusively in the pituitary and various brain regions but undetectable in adipose tissue and liver, whereas zbLEPR mRNA is widely expressed in adult finch tissues examined with abundant expression noted in pituitary, implying that unlike mammalian LEP, finch LEP may not act as an adipocyte-derived signal to control energy balance. As in finches, a LEP highly homologous to zbLEP was also identified in budgerigar genome. Strikingly, finch and budgerigar LEPs show little homology with chicken LEP (cLEP) previously reported, suggesting that the so-called cLEP is incorrect. Collectively, our data provide convincing evidence for the existence of an authentic functional LEP in avian species and suggest an important role of brain- and pituitary-derived LEP played in vertebrates.
Ovarian Dendritic Cells Act as a Double-Edged Pro-Ovulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Sword
Authors: Cohen-Fredarow Adva , Tadmor Ari , Raz Tal , Meterani Naama , Addadi Yoseph , Nevo Nava , Solomonov Inna , Sagi Irit , Mor Gil , Neeman Michal , Dekel Nava
Published: May 2014

Ovulation and inflammation share common attributes, including immune cell invasion into the ovary. The present study aims at deciphering the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in ovulation and corpus luteum formation. Using a CD11c-EYFP transgenic mouse model, ovarian transplantation experiments, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses, we demonstrate that CD11c-positive, F4/80-negative cells, representing DCs, are recruited to the ovary under gonadotropin regulation. By conditional ablation of these cells in CD11c-DTR transgenic mice, we revealed that they are essential for expansion of the cumulus-oocyte complex, release of the ovum from the ovarian follicle, formation of a functional corpus luteum, and enhanced lymphangiogenesis. These experiments were complemented by allogeneic DC transplantation after conditional ablation of CD11c-positive cells that rescued ovulation. The pro-ovulatory effects of these cells were mediated by up-regulation of ovulation-essential genes. Interestingly, we detected a remarkable anti-inflammatory capacity of ovarian DCs, which seemingly serves to restrict the ovulatory-associated inflammation. In addition to discovering the role of DCs in ovulation, this study implies the extended capabilities of these cells, beyond their classic immunologic role, which is relevant also to other biological systems.
Active repression by RARγ signaling is required for vertebrate axial elongation
Authors: Janesick Amanda , Nguyen Tuyen T. L. , Aisaki Ken-ichi , Igarashi Katsuhide , Kitajima Satoshi , Chandraratna Roshantha A. S. , Kanno Jun , Blumberg Bruce
Published: May 2014

Retinoic acid receptor gamma 2 (RARγ2) is the major RAR isoform expressed throughout the caudal axial progenitor domain in vertebrates. During a microarray screen to identify RAR targets, we identified a subset of genes that pattern caudal structures or promote axial elongation and are upregulated by increased RAR-mediated repression. Previous studies have suggested that RAR is present in the caudal domain, but is quiescent until its activation in late stage embryos terminates axial elongation. By contrast, we show here that RARγ2 is engaged in all stages of axial elongation, not solely as a terminator of axial growth. In the absence of RA, RARγ2 represses transcriptional activity in vivo and maintains the pool of caudal progenitor cells and presomitic mesoderm. In the presence of RA, RARγ2 serves as an activator, facilitating somite differentiation. Treatment with an RARγ-selective inverse agonist (NRX205099) or overexpression of dominant-negative RARγ increases the expression of posterior Hox genes and that of marker genes for presomitic mesoderm and the chordoneural hinge. Conversely, when RAR-mediated repression is reduced by overexpressing a dominant-negative co-repressor (c-SMRT), a constitutively active RAR (VP16-RARγ2), or by treatment with an RARγ-selective agonist (NRX204647), expression of caudal genes is diminished and extension of the body axis is prematurely terminated. Hence, gene repression mediated by the unliganded RARγ2–co-repressor complex constitutes a novel mechanism to regulate and facilitate the correct expression levels and spatial restriction of key genes that maintain the caudal progenitor pool during axial elongation in Xenopus embryos.
Facile Synthesis of Nitrogen-containing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Perylene Bisimides
Authors: Ito Satoru , Hiroto Satoru , Shinokubo Hiroshi
Published: May 2014

We have developed a facile procedure for the synthesis of π-extended fluorubins from perylene bisimides. Iridium-catalyzed direct borylation, the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling, and an acid-condensation sequence afforded π-extended fluorubins 1 in moderate yields. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a planar structure of 1. In addition, optical analysis and DFT calculations indicated the presence of intramolecular charge-transfer interactions in 1c.
Investigation on the Use of HDR Images for Cultural Heritage Documentation
Authors: Ntregka A. , Georgopoulos A. , Quintero M. Santana
Published: May 2014

High Dynamic Range Images have not yet been fully exploited for metric use. Their usefulness for photogrammetric applications in the field of Cultural Heritage Documentation is obvious. However it is not quite clear whether they constitute a solid metric base material for that purpose. For applications of Cultural Heritage Documentation, where during image acquisition lighting conditions might very often be difficult, HDR technology can positively contribute to the acquisition of images of better quality and, consequently, to the creation of orthophotos or other imagery products, including textured 3D models with no radiometric problems. In this paper, a detailed reference to HDRI technology is made and also the geometric reliability and photogrammetric applicability of HDR images is examined and investigated. In addition, an example of photogrammetric application in Cultural Heritage Documentation is presented and evaluated.
Critical Factors and Guidelines for 3D Surveying and Modelling in Cultural Heritage
Authors: Barsanti S. Gonizzi , Remondino F. , Fenández-Palacios B. Jiménez , Visintini D.
Published: May 2014

The 3D digitization of sites or objects, normally referred to “reality-based 3D surveying and modelling”, is based on 3D optical instruments able to deliver accurate, detailed and realistic 3D results. Nowadays many non-experts are facing the 3D world and its technologies (hardware and software) due to their easiness of use but a not correct use leads to wrong results and conclusions. The goal of the article is to critically report the 3D digitization pipeline with some Cultural Heritage examples. Based on our experiences, some guidelines are drawn as best practices for non-experts and to clearly point out the right approach for every goal and project.
Using Geospatial Imaging Techniques to Reveal and Share the Secrets of Stonehenge
Authors: Bryan Paul , Dodson Andrew , Abbott Marcus
Published: May 2014

Stonehenge is perhaps the most famous prehistoric monument in the world. Begun as a simple earthwork enclosure, it was built in several stages with the unique lintelled stone circle being erected in the Neolithic period around 2,500 BC. Today Stonehenge, together with Avebury and other associated sites, forms the heart of a World Heritage Site (WHS) with a unique and dense concentration of outstanding prehistoric monuments. In 2011 English Heritage embarked on a new survey of the monument using a range of geospatial imaging techniques. Undertaken by the Greenhatch Group, a commercial survey company based near Derby, they used a combination of laser scanning and photogrammetric approaches to generate the scale and detailed level of outputs required by English Heritage. This paper will describe the background to this project and its context within previous survey activities at the site. It will explain the data acquisition technology and processes undertaken on site, the datasets derived from post-processing and their filtering and analysis within both subsequent research projects. Alongside a description of how the data is currently being exploited and proposed future applications within the conservation and management of the site, it will finish by considering the impact of developing geospatial imaging technologies.
Interpretation of Hand Tool Movement's Trajectories by Spatial Analysis of Bronze Age Tool Marks
Authors: Kovacs Kristof , Hanke Klaus
Published: May 2014

The Bronze Age timber construction methods and carpentry techniques can only be studied in unique cases as the ancient wooden artefacts are rarely preserved in good conditions. On the other hand, few archaeological finds as the sluice box from Mitterberg, Austria offer novel interpretation opportunities since the spatial analysis of hand tool impressions results additional information about the utilized hand tool characteristics and about the woodworking processes. An experimental survey was carried out for the better understanding of the tool mark based impact angle investigations of various hand tool strikes. The fine longitudinal morphological parameters of the unknown hand tool heads have also been studied through additional materials as e.g. technical drawings. The combination of the different slope values at the facet outsets and at the adze heads describe the geometry attributes of the unknown impact strikes and these values must be between 25–30 degrees. The trajectory calculations could be achieved by the results of the experimental survey as synchronized stereo pairs were oriented and used to reconstruct the steps of the hand tool movements. Furthermore, the potential trajectories of the Bronze Age adze were interpreted from the impact angles and these results were simulated and visualized with the suggested hand tool handle positions in CAD environment.
Cost-Effective Geocoding with Exterior Orientation for Airborne and Terrestrial Archaeological Photography — Possibilities and Limitations
Authors: Wieser Martin , Verhoeven Geert , Briese Christian , Doneus Michael , Karel Wilfried , Pfeifer Norbert
Published: May 2014

Taking a photograph is often considered to be an indispensable procedural step in many archaeological fields (e.g. excavating), whereas some sub-disciplines (e.g. aerial archaeology) often consider photographs to be the prime data source. Whether they were acquired on the ground or from the air, digital cameras save with each photograph the exact date and time of acquisition and additionally enable to store the camera's geographical location in specific metadata fields. This location is typically obtained from GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receivers, either operating in continuous mode to record the path of the camera platform, or the position is observed for each exposure individually. Although such positional information has huge advantages in archiving the imagery, this approach has several limits as it does not record the complete exterior orientation of the camera. More specifically, the essential roll, pitch and yaw camera angles are missing, thus the viewing direction and the camera rotation around it. Besides enabling to define the exact portion of the scene that was photographed (essential for proper archiving), these parameters can also aid the subsequent orthophoto production workflows and even guide photo acquisition.

This paper proposes a cost-effective hard- and software solution (camera position: 2.5 m and orientation in static conditions: maximally 2°, both at 1s) to record all indispensable exterior orientation parameters during image acquisition. After the introduction of the utilized hardware components, the software that allows recording and estimating these parameters as well as embedding them into the image metadata is introduced. Afterwards, the obtainable accuracy in both static (i.e. terrestrial) and dynamic (i.e. airborne) conditions are calculated and assessed. Finally, the good use of this solution for different archaeological purposes will be detailed and commented where needed, while an outlook on future developments finalizes this article.
Metafora a zjawisko chiralności
Authors: Siekiera Rafał
Published: May 2014

Metaphor and the chirality phenomenon

The paper attempts to demonstrate that metaphor fits in A. Kudra’s theory of conceptual pairness, and that it is a chiral object which contains two levels of chirality represented by asymmetric juxtapositions: source domain – target domain (the source domain is a distorted reflection of the object, i.e. of the target domain, which causes a shift in the perception of the source domain), and literal meaning – metaphorical meaning (object – reflection). These features make metaphors an important means of constructing a distorted vision of reality, hence also a chiral object, represented by the sender’s linguistic image of the world. In the case of metaphor, it is important that the sender uses linguistic means, or illusion markers in J. Płuciennik’s terms, which indicate the metaphorical character of the utterance and make it easier for the receiver to realize that what they are dealing with is an asymmetric reflection of the literal meaning, and which allow the sender to distance him or herself from the metaphor if it is perceived as inappropriate.
Polisemia regularna – między semantyką a kontekstem
Authors: Czelakowska Anna
Published: May 2014

Regular polysemy − between semantics and context

The paper attempts to answer the question whether the fact that a semantic difference is solely determined by its context, suffices to justify forgoing it in a dictionary, or whether lexicographers should also take other factors into account. The author points out that a considerable part of regular semantic oppositions of nouns follow predictable patterns – which is not to say that all of the products that they might potentially generate must actually appear in the language. The article seeks to answer two questions: 1. where might be the blockages located that disallow certain products of such shifts to operate in the language, and leave others a derivational potential, and 2. is context merely a tool of disambiguation through fixed patterns, or are new meanings constantly created afresh based on it? Definitive answers are not given, but it is shown that it might be unsuitable for a lexicographer to strictly demarcate semantics and pragmatics. In some cases, extralinguistic factors will trigger mechanisms of semantic derivation and accelerate lexicalization, while in others, presumably, they will inhibit the derivational potential of certain regular types of semantic shifts.
Jednostki obce w słowniku języka polskiego na przykładzie Słownika elektronicznego jednostek frazeologicznych (SEJF)
Authors: Czerepowicka Monika
Published: May 2014

Foreign elements in the Polish lexicon, using the example of Słownik elektroniczny jednostek frazeologicznych (SEJF) ‘Electronic Dictionary of Multi-Word Units’

The paper discusses the presence of foreign phraseological units and of their grammatical features in phraseological dictionaries of general Polish. The author adduces lexicographical descriptions of specific phrasemes from Polish and foreign words dictionaries, and compares them with corpus data. Based on these analyses, she proposes a set of detailed solutions which were implemented in Słownik elektroniczny jednostek frazeologicznych (SEJF) ‘Electronic Dictionary of Multi-Word Units’ that she is preparing. SEJF is going to be the first electronic grammatical dictionary of Polish idiomatic phrases to provide paradigms for the described units. The paper closes with a list of one hundred analysed phrasemes, each with the assigned lexeme class and, in the case of nouns, also the gender value.
Angielskie wyrazy okolicznościowe w polszczyźnie
Authors: Kuźniak Marek , Mańczak-Wohlfeld Elżbieta
Published: May 2014

English nonce borrowings in Polish

The article discusses the latest English nonce borrowings in Polish. The study, which is based on the project initiated by the Department of English Studies at Wrocław University, embraces ca. 800 units of varied complexity. The argument that arises from the analysis is that the category of nonce borrowings or “meteors” should be carefully distinguished from other related categories, if we take the criterion of the degree of assimilation in the target language as the key factor. In consequence, the superordinate category is formed by the all-inclusive notion of non-native lexis which further includes as its subcategories borrowings proper (well-assimilated units), foreign words and phrases (semi-assimilated units), and “unknown” foreign words and phrases (non-assimilated units). The category of nonce borrowings is postulated to reside in the area covering the scope of foreign semi- and non-assimilated units in the target language.
Agentywne znaczenie formantu -wa w gwarach wielkopolskich i języku polskim na tle innych języków słowiańskich
Authors: Osowski Błażej
Published: May 2014

Agentive meaning of the -wa suffix in Greater Polish dialects and general Polish versus other Slavic languages

The paper reviews formations with the -wa suffix (and its variant -twa) in the Slavic languages in view of the state in Greater Polish dialects, where a striking domination of agentive personal names can be seen; linguistic kinships are indicated. An overview of derivatives in -wa is supplemented with nouns in -ba as there exist cases of word-formative doublets and resuffixation.
Polskie gwarowe nazwy dziko rosnących roślin zielnych na tle nazw słowiańskich i europejskich
Authors: Waniakowa Jadwiga
Published: May 2014

Polish dialectal wild herbaceous plant names in the context of Slavic and European names

The article claims that many Polish dialectal plant names are not folk in their origin. The only way to ascertain the true origin of a given name is by analysing the history of the dialectal name and the related names in other languages. Such analysis leads to the conclusion that Polish dialectal names have various origins. A part of them constitute truly dialectal names, i.e. such that originate from Polish dialects, another group consists of colloquial non-dialectal native names that have been adopted by given dialects, if they are relatively new or have been inherited. Yet another part comprises relatively new borrowings, and new calques. Yet another group originates from Old Polish forms no longer in use in non-dialectal Polish. The latter do not comprise a homogenous collection. They fall into three subgroups: Polish names originating in the Polish language or inherited from Old Slavic, old loanwords in use in Old Polish and no longer in use today with the exception of Polish dialects, and finally, there is also the often misclassified group of old calques. The recapitulation of this work emphasises the importance of a diachronic and comparative approach to the analysis of dialectal plant names. It highlights the existence of numerous calques, especially old ones, whose presence was previously overlooked due to their native and sometimes even truly dialectal character. Therefore, a superficial, synchronic analysis does not reveal their long and rich history, and the fact that they have their counterparts also in non-Slavic languages and often originate in antiquity.
Modele stawania się i bycia dwujęzycznym przedstawicieli Polonii argentyńskiej
Authors: Guillermo-Sajdak Marta
Published: May 2014

Models of becoming and being bilingual in Polish diaspora in Argentina

The present paper is the effect of field work on Polish-Spanish bilingualism in Polish diaspora in Argentina, conducted in years 2009–2011 in the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Córdoba, and Misiones. It portrays four models of bilingualism which define the modern Polish diaspora in Argentina, each illustrated with linguistic biographies of selected respondents. The change of the research perspective from a purely linguistic to an interdisciplinary one, has allowed a wide analysis of the phenomenon of bilingualism to be performed, together with its impact on the creation and metamorphosis of identity and cultural valency of four generations of Poles living in Argentina.
Bilingwizm w tekście zapisany
Authors: Ligara Bronisława
Published: May 2014

The paper presents problems related to texts that record the bilingual speech of their authors, carriers of two languages, L1 and L2. The bilingual author, while creating his or her text, drew from the verbal resources of both of his or her languages. The verbalized encounters of two codes in the text (code switching, code mixing and interference) constitute manifestations of bilingual speech. The paper is composed of two parts.The first part defines the linguistic status of texts in bilingual speech as a separate object of linguistic research. This status is determined by the presence of transcodic markers on the surface of the texts as traces of active bilingualism of their authors, and the awareness that the authors have of transgressing the standards caused by a change of language within a single text. As an object of linguistic research, texts in bilingual speech pose the question, on the one hand, of how the bilingualism of the author influences the linguistic shape of the text itself, and on the other hand, of how heterogenous elements, incompatible by nature, create a definite semantic whole, a supersign that the receiver interprets as a textual semantic unit. Study of texts in bilingual speech falls into four linguistic paradigms, which are: 1. the paradigm of intercultural communication, 2. the vision of bilingualism and linguistic contacts contained in the theoretical proposals of the Swiss school of language pedagogy and research into bilingualism (François Grosjean, Georges Lüdi, Bernard Py, and their students), 3. the paradigms which place text in the centre of linguistic research, i.e. text linguistics and discourse analysis, in view of the connection between a text that was created in the bilingual mode with the context of its creation and its interpretation, and 4. the interpretive semantics of François Rastier, together with the postulate to study each linguistic phenomenon in four descriptive orders: the syntagmatic, the paradigmatic, the hermeneutic and the referential. The theoretical-methodological framework of study of texts recorded in bilingual speech, is created by a number of research concepts suggested by these paradigms. In particular, 1. the concept of bilingual competence of a bilingual author as two verbal resources that he or she can exploit during the creation of text, 2. the concept of a bilingual person as someone who communicatively operates in two languages, 3. the concept of transcodic markers as the hyperonym for all the traces of encounters of two codes (L1 and L2) in the given text, as a result of the bilingualism of the author.
Représentations affectives dans le répertoire langagier de lycéens bilingues polono-français
Authors: Sansault David
Published: May 2014

Affective representations in the linguistic repertoire of Polish-French bilingual high school students

Bilingual persons go through various emotional experiences related to their languages over the course of their lives. For those Polish-French high school students who study in France both in Polish and in French, these languages and cultures of linguistic repertoire are in everyday contact in different contexts. How do bilinguals use their linguistic repertoire on the emotional level in these conditions? What load do they assign to the languages of their repertoire, and what effects does this have on their linguistic practices? In an attempt to answer these questions, the author focuses on an analysis of linguistic representations of bilingual persons; in their interpretation, he also takes into account the sociolinguistic context and linguistic biography.
WARA OD MIOTŁY? Odpowiedź na polemikę profesora Władysława Miodunki
Authors: Cockiewicz Wacław
Published: May 2014

Hands off the broom? Reply to prof. Władysław Miodunka

This text is a reply to prof. Władysław Miodunka’s polemic on the proposition previously put forward by this author, to systematize the basic language pedagogical terminology. The opponent resents the use of the phrase “terminological chaos”. The author explains why he had used it, and answers several other minor objections. In this case, terminological chaos results not from that one term has multiple meanings, as this is the relatively widespread situation in many disciplines, but from that the terms used in language pedagogy are not defined in the classical sense, and therefore do not discretely distinguish the respective phenomena. Instead, definitions describe prototypes. Adopted from cognitive linguistics, this custom has the undesirable effect that everything that is not prototypical, eludes the terminology – even if such descriptive definitions do provide many important pieces of information on the essence of the respective phenomena.
Handbook of Translation Studies
Authors: Gambier Yves
Published: May 2014

Handbook of Translation Studies: a team project

Translators are changing their approach to documents to be translated thanks to Information and Communication Technology (ICT). We are reporting a collective work or how the 174 entries of the four volumes of the Handbook of Translation Studies have been produced and are today translated. Such a project implies a team work and management.
Być czy nie być tłumaczem audiowizualnym w Polsce?
Authors: Jankowska Anna
Published: May 2014

To be or not to be an audiovisual translator in Poland?

Recently audiovisual translation (AVT) became popular both in terms of research and teaching. Although the number of publications on AVT is constantly growing, it still seems that our knowledge of the professional practice and market are not sufficient. This article presents the results of a survey conducted among Polish audiovisual translators between November 2009 and April 2010. The main of the study was to investigate current situation on the professional AVT market and issues such as i.e. translator’s education, wages and working conditions.
Audio Description for Voiced‑over Films: the Case Study of Big Fish
Authors: Jankowska Anna , Szarkowska Agnieszka , Wilgucka Magdalena
Published: May 2014

Audiodeskrypcja do filmu zagranicznego z tłumaczeniem w wersji lektorskiej na przykładzie filmu pt. Duża ryba

Audiodeskrypcja (AD) rozwija się w Polsce od 2006 r. Do niedawna filmy obcojęzyczne praktycznie nie były udostępniane osobom z dysfunkcją wzroku. Powodem braku dostępności filmów obcojęzycznych było przekonanie, iż wersja lektorska – czyli najczęściej używana w polskiej telewizji metoda przekładu audiowizualnego – nie nadaje się do połączenia z audiodeskrypcją. Uważano, że osoby z dysfunkcją wzroku nie poradzą sobie z przyswojeniem trzech różnych ścieżek dźwiękowych (oryginalna ścieżka dźwiękowa, wersja lektorska oraz audiodeskrypcja). Pogląd ten stał jednak w sprzeczności z potrzebami i oczekiwaniami osób niewidomych i niedowidzących. W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badania ankietowego i dyskusji w grupie fokusowej, przeprowadzonych z udziałem odbiorców z dysfunkcją wzroku, którzy wzięli udział w specjalnym pokazie filmu pt. Duża ryba (2003, reż. Tim Burton) z wersją lektorską i audiodeskrypcją. Wyniki potwierdzają, że osoby z dysfunkcją wzroku chcą oglądać filmy zagraniczne z wersją lektorską i audiodeskrypcją. Wskazują jednak, że trzeba spełnić określone warunki w zakresie udźwiękowienia, synchronizacji oraz identyfikacji bohaterów, by osoby te były w stanie tego rodzaju filmy oglądać.
Bonchoir, biloute!
Authors: Rębkowska Renata
Published: May 2014

Bonchoir, biloute! Heterolinguism as a source of humor in the movie Bienvenue chez les Ch’tis and its Polish version

Both in the novel and in the film, the use of language variation may serve different purposes. Using examples from the comedy Bienvenue chez les Ch’tis and its Polish translation, the article examines humourous effects created by highlighting some of the phonetic and lexical features of ch’ti variation and the ways these effets are handled in polish translation of the movie.
Vigabatrin-Induced Encephalopathy; Fidaxomicin Hypersensitivity Reactions; Vemurafenib-Induced DRESS; Severe Alkalosis and Hypokalemia with Stanozolol Misuse; Isotretinoin-Associated Lip Abscess; Eltrombopag-Associated Hyperpigmentation
Authors: Mancano Michael A.
Published: May 2014

The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), discuss methods of prevention, and promote reporting of ADRs to the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) MEDWATCH program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting, preventable ADR to MEDWATCH, please consider sharing the account with our readers.
Approvals, Submission, and Important Labeling Changes for US Marketed Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Baker Danial E.
Published: May 2014

This monthly feature will help readers keep current on new drugs, new indications, dosage forms, and safety-related changes in labeling or use. Efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of this information; however, if there are any questions, please let me know at danial.baker@wsu.edu .
Refugee children saying and doing citizenship: Global-local tensions and common civic spaces in an international school in the United States
Authors: Solano-Campos Ana
Published: May 2014

International Baccalaureate (IB) schools have traditionally been associated with displaced expatriates and globally mobile privileged elites. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of state funded Title I IB schools across the United States, many of them serving immigrant and refugee children and youth. However, this unprecedented access of immigrant and refugee students to an international education is an underrepresented field in the education literature. How do immigrant and refugee children construct and perform citizenship in such contexts? How does the school utilize their cultural and global capital? In this article, I present the findings of a qualitative case study conducted in a fourth grade classroom in a public charter international school, River Song Elementary (pseudonym), serving immigrant, refugee and local children in one of the largest refugee resettlement areas in the United States. Through document analysis, focus groups, individual interviews, and ethnographic observations over a period of twelve weeks, I explored the children’s constructions and performances of citizenship. I found that there were tensions between global and local narratives that trickled down to the school and classroom climate dichotomizing various aspects of children’s identities and cultures as well as the ways in which they understood and enacted citizenship. Yet, guided by their teachers, the children were actively engaged in the construction of common civic spaces where different forms of expression played a singular agentic, participatory and unifying role.
Education for citizenship in contexts of diversity in the metropolitan area of Lisbon
Authors: Barroso Hortas Maria João
Published: May 2014

Education for citizenship in contexts of diversity arises from the intensification and diversification of migratory flows to Portugal, in particular to the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, in the transition from the twentieth century to the twenty-first century. The arrival of people from diverse origins to the city is visible in the areas of settlement not only in the multitude of uses, practices and forms of appropriation of space but also in the dynamics unfolded among the recently arrived citizens, the local population and the existing community institutions. The schools of the neighbourhoods hosting this diversity of residents have registered remarkable changes in their students and the integration of sociocultural diversity is today one of the main challenges faced by the educational community. School is essential in the construction of this plural society. It is responsible for training people and promoting their citizenship. In the context of diversity, the school can help students to develop their identity with the cultural group they belong to and to transmit values of global citizenship and training people for a ‘multicultural citizenship’. In this article, we pay special attention to the role of the school and family in the construction of citizenship in young people from different cultures, basing this on the empirical data gathered from: children and young people, both with native and with immigrant backgrounds attending public schools in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area; their respective families; and the school projects. Combining the perceptions of students’ practices, families’ expectations and school policies, we identify and analyse the multiple dimensions that education for citizenship can assume in a diverse educational context.
Reflexivity and social change: A critical discussion of reflexive modernization and individualization theses
Authors: Caetano Ana
Published: May 2014

The concept of reflexivity has become increasingly important in sociology, in close articulation with the analysis of social change. Scholars such as Beck, Giddens and Lash are key references in this regard, as they place the increase of reflexive processes at the heart of social transformation. This connection between social change and reflexivity has been evoked frequently in the sociological literature of the last decades, especially by authors studying reflexive modernization and individualization. The aim of this article is to discuss these approaches and their main implications for the study of personal reflexivity. It is argued that although the mentioned authors assign an important role to reflexivity, they lack the theoretical and operational grounds necessary to take the different dimensions of the concept into account. The tendency to simplify the past; the overlap between reflexivity and social change; the weak importance given to structure; the ambiguous nature of agenty dynamics; and the absence of a solid empirical grounding are discussed as factors that weaken their contributions.
Mineral evaluation of honey of Africanized Apis Mellifera
Authors: Oliveira Dalany Menezes , Rosa Cássia Inês Lourenzi Franco , Kwiatkowski Angela , Clemente Edmar , Pontara Lucimar Peres de Moura
Published: May 2014

Honey contains small amounts and a wide variety of vitamins, minerals, aminoacids and antioxidants. Mineral content includes calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium and zinc. The objective of this study was to quantify the amount of ash and minerals in the honey collected in the states of  Mato Grosso and São Paulo. It was evaluated the mineral and ashes contents of the honey of Africanized Apis mellifera from the Brazilian cerrado in the city of Conquista D'Oeste-(MT), and of the beehives located in a cassava plantation on the border of the cities of Marília and Ocauçu - SP. The combs were centrifuged and decanted for 48 hours, then packed in nontoxic plastic and sent to the Laboratory of Food Biochemistry DQI / UEM. The determination of minerals of honey was done by atomic absorption spectrometry. The ashes were obtained from the incineration of the samples in muffle furnace heated to 600 º C. The results were: ash 0.06 and 0.44%, the minerals in g / kg Ca 0.043 and 0.386, 0.060 and 0.210 Mg, 0.376 and 2.11 K, 0.050 and 0.014 P, 0.011 and 0.005 Cu, for cerrado and cassava honey respectively. The honey in the region of São Paulo state had ash and minerals in larger quantities. This is due to the different vegetation and nature of the soil of the regions studied.

 

http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v1i1.11
Obtaining lactic acid by descontinuous fermentation using different fermentative media
Authors: Oliveira Roselene Ferreira , Lima Heron Oliveira dos Santos , Lima Mirela Vanin dos Santos
Published: May 2014

Lactic acid has multiple uses in several industries such as food, cereal derivates, beverage, cosmetic, chemical and pharmaceutical. Due to its wide applicability the process to obtain lactic acid is one of the most studied processes. The aim of this study was to produce lactic acid using fermentation of cassava meal (residue from cleaning the flour mill) and cassava starch (amilacious fractions of tuberous root raw materials) previously hydrolyzed and supplemented. The fermentation of both cassava meal and cassava starch was carried out using a solution at 18% (m/v), previously hydrolyzed with thermostable alpha amylase (Termamyl 120L) and amyloglucosidase (AMG 300L); supplemented with yeast extract and peptone. The microorganism, Lactobacillus casei, was inoculated under the following process conditions: pH 6.4; at 37°C and agitation at 100 rpm for 96 hours. The process was periodically surveyed in order to analyze the concentration of lactic acid; concentration of reducing sugars; pH; biomass and cellular feasibility. The analysis of the results permits to conclude that both cassava meal and cassava starch are promising raw materials for obtaining lactic acid by fermentative media.

 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v1i1.2

 
Antimicrobial potential of royal jelly from supplemented Apis mellifera africanized honey bees
Authors: Santos Mariellen Guilherme dos , Santos Dayane Aparecida dos , Kwiakowski Angela , Sereia Maria Josiane , Bracht Lívia
Published: May 2014

The aim of this paper was to study the in vitro antimicrobial activity of royal jelly obtained from supplemented honey bees against the microorganism Staphylococcus aureus using the disk diffusion method. The royal jelly was obtained from Apis mellifera africanized honey bees fed with complete supplement constituted of palm oil plus linseed oil, palm oil alone, linseed oil alone and with no supplementation. Samples obtained from the different supplementations were applied to paper disks in the concentration range 0 -100%.  All the samples of royal jelly were able to inhibit the growth of S. aureus in a dose-dependent manner. There was no difference between the antimicrobial activity of the different samples of royal jelly obtained from supplemented or not supplemented bees.

 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v1i1.3

 
Leaves, stems and seeds powder of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) used as repellent of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in stored corn
Authors: Souza Marilei Naue de , Vitório Alberto Cavalcanti , Tanamati Augusto , Lima Adão Pacheco , Lima Heron De Oliveira dos Santos
Published: May 2014

Sitophilus zeamais is considered one of the most important pests of stored grain. In order to search alternative methods for controlling this pest the action of neem was evaluated in laboratory (Azadirachta indica A. juss.) in the behavioral and food processes of adults of S. zeamais. In this study extracts produced from three parts of the neem tree (leaves, seeds and peels) were tested. In the verification of the extracts in relation to the repellent, three arenas formed by five plastic boxes connected by polyethylene hose were used. In the test were used 40g of corn treated with 6g of the extracts from leaves, seeds and peels of neem. The verification of the effect of the extracts studied was based on the number of present insects on the test plant (treated containers), and on the number of insects present on the control plant (untreated container). In the repellency analysis, leaves and seeds showed satisfactory results, with repellency indexes (RI) equals to 0.5 and 0.3, respectively, being characterized as repellent plant. The repellency index of the peel extract was 1.1, qualifying the plant as attractive one, to present RI > 1. Therefore, the leaves and seed extracts from neem can be considered as a viable alternative for controlling the Sitophilus zeamais in stored corn.

 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v1i1.4
Microbiological quality study of Apis mellifera honey produced in the Cerrado - MT
Authors: Santos Dayane Aparecida dos , Kwiatkowski Angela , Silva Marcos Vieira da , Menezes Dalany , Pontara Lucimar Peres de Moura
Published: May 2014

Monitoring the microbiology of honey is necessary to ensure its final quality. The microbial contamination is a danger to public health, a major concern for the surveillance agency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of honey produced in the cerrado region, Mato Grosso State. The apiary was installed in the town of Conquista D'Oeste city, a total of 30 boxes of honey covered with asbestos tile and exposed to the sun. The honey was collected in November of 2008. The physical and chemical analysis were carried out: moisture, total soluble solids (TSS) and pH. Microbiological analysis were: mesophilic bacteria facultative aerobic, yeast and mold, Staphylococcus, the most probable number (MPN) of coliforms at 35ºC and 45ºC, and the presence of Salmonella sp. The methods used followed the directions of the Normative Instruction no. 62, August 23, 2003 of Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento - MAPA. The pH value resulted in 3.80, SST at 81.5 and humidity at 17 %. Microbiological analysis showed no presence of Salmonella, Staphylococcus and yeast. The count of facultative aerobic bacteria was 5.0 x 101, the two groups of coliforms in NMP was <3.0, and 3.0 x 101 mold. The samples of honey studied showed appropriate microbiological quality.

 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v1i1.5 

 
Reduction of Tomato Post-Harvest Losses by Using 1-Methylcyclopropene
Authors: Silva Marcos Vieira da , Rosa Cassia Inês Lourenzi Franco , Chitarra Adimilson Bosco
Published: May 2014

Tomato is one of the most produced and consumed olericole plants in the world, being a highly perishable fruit, which presents high levels of losses in the post-harvest period. As a form of reducing these losses, it is necessary to know the product physiology. The fruit-ripening phase involves changes in the sensorial characteristics that are unchained by ethylene, a hormone naturally synthesized within the cells and liberated in the form of gas. Ethylene can also be applied on an exogenous way, thus accelerating and making even the ripening of fruits as the tomato. On the other hand, the ripening process can be delayed with the use of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis, thus prolonging the useful life in the post-harvest period. In the present investigation, with the purpose of a literature revision, in a general way, it was to demonstrate the forms of controlling the ripening of tomato fruits, in the post-harvest period, in order to prevent and reduce losses. The collected data showed that, with better care during the fruit handling and, mainly, with the use of different technologies, as the application of 1-MCP, post-harvest losses in tomato plant culture can be reduced significantly.

 

http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v1i1.6
Physical-chemical evaluation of UHT and pasteurized Milk commercialized in Londrina - PR
Authors: Souza Aloisio Henrique Pereira de , Katsuda Marly Sayuri , Dias Lúcia Felicidade
Published: May 2014

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and physical-chemical properties of UHT and pasteurized whole milk of different brands commercialized in Londrina city.  Five brands of UHT milk and 5 other brands of pasteurized whole milk were purchased from retail market in Londrina between February to April in 2009. The  physical-chemical evaluation of UHT and pasteurized milk samples consisted of milk fat, total dry matter (gravimetric method), stability to 68% alcohol, titrable acidity (TA), density and cryoscopic index. All tests were performed in triplicate with 3 replications. The sample 3 of UHT whole milk presented suspicious water addition due to the low acidity and defatted dry matter concentration compared to the limit set by law. Another sample had instability problems with alcohol in some of the repetitions. All samples showed fat within the limits established by Brazilian law for UHT whole milk. In pasteurized milk, it was determined that the sample 9 had a cryoscopic index and defatted dry matter below the recommended requirement by Brazilian law. The remaining samples showed levels of defatted dry matter within the legal limits for pasteurized whole milk. All pasteurized milk samples showed levels of acidity and fat according for Brazilian law. The study concluded that both types of milk showed some irregularities showing the need to revise the procedures for quality control of each company to reach the criteria require by law.

 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v1i1.8

 
Chemical evaluation of pulp and residue pulp of organic blackberry, cv. Tupy.
Authors: Kwiatkowski Angela , França Gislaine , Oliveira Dalany Menezes , Rosa Cássia Inez Lourenzi Franco , Clemente Edmar
Published: May 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the pulp and the residue pulp of blackberry (Rubus spp), cultivar Tupy, produced in organic system. The concentrations of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TTA), TSS/TTA and vitamin C were analysed. The results of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins ranged from 41.94 to 91.23 and from 103.00 to 150.32 mg/100 g, respectively. For both samples SST resulted in 8.60, 8.00 and 7.85 °Brix fruit, pulp and residue pulp respectively. ATT ranged from 0.286 to 0.315 g/citric acid L, and for whole fruit and pulp residue, respectively. The content of vitamin C was lower for the residue pulp analysis. The values of TSS and TTA did not differ significantly by Tukey test (p> 0.05). From these results we can make the inference that the residue pulp of blackberry cv. Tupy, produced in an organic system, has the amount of anthocyanins and compounds that can be used by the industry as a source for food enrichment.

 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v1i1.9

 
Comparative study of total lipids extraction methods in vegetable and animal samples
Authors: Tanamati Ailey Aparecida Coelho , Tanamati Augusto , Ganzaroli Jéssica Frazão , Sanchez Jorge Leonardo , Silva Marcos Vieira da
Published: May 2014

In recent years several researchers have conducted studies comparing total lipids extraction methods, to find the most efficient method. The objective of this work was to study four different total lipids extraction methods in soybean crumbs and chicken thigh hillbilly with solvents of different degrees of toxicity and polarity (n-hexane, n-hexane-isopropanol, chloroform, methanol and ethanol). The study showed that the Soxhlet method, using ethanol as solvent was more efficient in the total lipids extraction present in soybean crumbs (5.38%), but not significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) for organic chicken thigh (3.35%), among the methods. The Bligh & Dyer cold method was the most efficient for the soybean crumbs.

 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v1i2.19