bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genomic Resources of Four Colletotrichum Species (C. fioriniae, C. chrysophilum, C. noveboracense, and C. nupharicola) Threatening Commercial Apple Production in the Eastern United States
Authors: Khodadadi Fatemeh , Giroux Emily , Bilodeau Guillaume J. , Jurick Wayne M. , Aćimović Srđan G.
Published: March 2023

The genus Colletotrichum includes nine major clades with 252 species and 15 major phylogenetic lineages, also known as species complexes. Colletotrichum spp. are one of the top fungal plant pathogens causing anthracnose and pre- and postharvest fruit rots worldwide. Apple orchards are imperiled by devastating losses from apple bitter rot, ranging from 24 to 98%, which is a serious disease caused by several Colletotrichum species. Bitter rot is also a major postharvest rot disease, with C. fioriniae causing from 2 to 14% of unmarketable fruit in commercial apple storages. Dominant species causing apple bitter rot in the Mid-Atlantic United States are C. fioriniae from the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex and C. chrysophilum and C. noveboracense from the C. gloeosporioides species complex (CGSC). C. fioriniae is the dominant species causing apple bitter rot in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic states. C. chrysophilum was first identified on banana and cashew but has been recently found as the second most dominant species causing apple bitter rot in the Mid-Atlantic. As the third most dominant pathogen, C. noveboracense MB 836581 was identified as a novel species in the CGSC, causing apple bitter rot in the Mid-Atlantic. C. nupharicola is a sister group to C. fructicola and C. noveboracense, also causing bitter rot on apple. We deliver the resources of 10 new genomes, including two isolates of C. fioriniae, three isolates of C. chrysophilum, three isolates of C. noveboracense, and two isolates of C. nupharicola collected from apple fruit, yellow waterlily, and Juglans nigra.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
A Framework to Develop an Immersive Virtual Reality Simulation Tool for Postpartum Hemorrhage Management Nurse Training
Authors: Lu Zhipeng , Wang Wenjin , Florez-Arango Jose Fernando , Seo Jinsil Hwaryoung , Hamilton D. Kirk , Wells-Beede Elizabeth
Published: March 2023

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. Effective nurse training for PPH management can reduce negative health impacts on childbearing women. This article discusses a framework for the development of an innovative immersive virtual reality simulator for PPH management training. The simulator should consist of: 1) a virtual world, including virtual physical and social environments, and simulated patients, and 2) a smart platform, providing automatic instructions, adaptive scenarios, and intelligent performance debriefing and evaluations. This simulator will provide a realistic virtual environment for nurses to practice PPH management and promote women’s health.
A Cost Overview of Minimally Invasive Total Mesorectal Excision in Rectal Cancer Patients: A Population-based Cohort in Experienced Centres
Authors: Smalbroek Bo , Geitenbeek Ritchie , Burghgraef Thijs , Dijksman Lea , Hol Jeroen , Rutgers Marieke , Crolla Rogier , van Geloven Nanette , Leijtens Jeroen , Polat Fatih , Pronk Apollo , Verdaasdonk Emiel , Tuynman Jurriaan , Sietses Colin , Postma Maarten , Hompes Roel , Consten Esther , Smits Anke
Published: March 2023

Background:

Total mesorectal excision has been the gold standard for the operative management of rectal cancer. The most frequently used minimally invasive techniques for surgical resection of rectal cancer are laparoscopic, robot-assisted, and transanal total mesorectal excision. As studies comparing the costs of the techniques are lacking, this study aims to provide a cost overview.

Method:

This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent total mesorectal resection between 2015 and 2017 at 11 dedicated centers, which completed the learning curve of the specific technique. The primary outcome was total in-hospital costs of each technique up to 30 days after surgery including all major surgical cost drivers, while taking into account different team approaches in the transanal approach. Secondary outcomes were hospitalization and complication rates. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariable linear regression analysis.

Results:

In total, 949 patients were included, consisting of 446 laparoscopic (47%), 306 (32%) robot-assisted, and 197 (21%) transanal total mesorectal excisions. Total costs were significantly higher for transanal and robot-assisted techniques compared to the laparoscopic technique, with median (interquartile range) for laparoscopic, robot-assisted, and transanal at €10,556 (8,642;13,829), €12,918 (11,196;16,223), and € 13,052 (11,330;16,358), respectively (P < 0.001). Also, the one-team transanal approach showed significant higher operation time and higher costs compared to the two-team approach. Length of stay and postoperative complications did not differ between groups.

Conclusion:

Transanal and robot-assisted approaches show higher costs during 30-day follow-up compared to laparoscopy with comparable short-term clinical outcomes. Two-team transanal approach is associated with lower total costs compared to the transanal one-team approach.
Therapeutic Evaluation of Induction Chemotherapy for Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma With Low-risk N Stage
Authors: Zang Jian , Li Yan , Liu Qiufang , Zhu Yong , Luo Shanquan , Li Xiaohua , Wang Jianhua , Hou Bingxin , Su Ning , Zhao Lina , Shi Mei
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

The role of induction chemotherapy (IC) remains ambiguous in a patient with T3-4N0-1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) according to data from the endemic area of China. Here, we conducted a multicenter retrospective study to investigate the value of adding IC to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for T3-4N0-1 NPC from Northwest China.

Methods:

Data were extracted in 3 hospitals from Northwest China between May 1, 2010 and August 30, 2018. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the endpoints. Survival curves were compared using the log-rank test. Initial propensity matching was conducted with a 1:1 match of IC + CCRT to CCRT. The primary endpoint of this study was overall survival (OS).

Results:

A total of 108 patients with staging T3-4N0-1 were included in this study. The median follow-up time was 50 months (range: 6 to 118 months). IC followed by CCRT did not significantly improve OS compared with CCRT in the whole cohort (89.5% vs 77.6%, hazard ratio: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.16-1.04, P = 0.100). But significantly better OS was found when a well-balanced propensity score-matched cohort was analyzed. Adjusted 4-year OS was 89.5% for IC followed by CCRT versus 71.1% for CCRT (hazard ratio: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.11-0.80, P = 0.027). No significant differences were detected in side effects between the two groups.

Conclusion:

This study suggested IC followed by CCRT had the potential to further improve OS in patients with T3-4N0-1M0 NPC from Northwest China compared with CCRT. However, prospective studies with a large sample are warranted to confirm the results.
Intraoperative Fluoroscopy Radiation Using OEC 9900 Elite C-arm: Risk and Method for Decreasing Exposure
Authors: Keenen Timothy L. , Demirel Shaban , Gheen Angelica , Casabarro Benjamin , Fleishman Daniel
Published: March 2023

The use of intraoperative fluoroscopy in surgery produces scattered radiation that can expose all operating room personnel to measurable and, in some cases, substantial radiation doses. The goal of this work is to assess and document potential radiation doses to various staff positions in a simulated standard operating room environment. Adult-sized mannequins wearing standard lead protective aprons were placed at seven positions around large and small BMI cadavers. Doses were recorded in real time at thyroid level with Bluetooth-enabled dosimeters for a variety of fluoroscope settings and imaging views. A total of 320 images were acquired, resulting in 2,240 dosimeter readings from the seven mannequins. Doses were compared to cumulative air kerma (CAK) calculations provided by the fluoroscope. There was a strong correlation between the CAK and the recorded scattered radiation doses (P < 0.001). Radiation doses could be reduced by manipulating C-arm manual technique settings [e.g., turning off the automatic exposure control (AEC) and using pulse (PULSE) or low dose (LD) settings]. Staff position and patient size also affected the recorded doses. The highest radiation doses were recorded across all settings for the mannequin positioned immediately adjacent to the C-arm x-ray tube. The larger BMI cadaver generated greater scattered radiation than the smaller BMI cadaver for all views and settings. This work provides suggestions for reducing exposure to operating room personnel beyond standard techniques of reducing beam-on time, increasing the distance from the radiation source, and use of shielding. Simple changes in C-arm settings (turning AEC off, avoiding DS setting, use of PULSE or LD settings) can markedly reduce dose to staff.
Effectiveness of Surgical Excision Following Plutonium-contaminated Wounds: Inferences from Historical Cases
Authors: Poudel Deepesh , Dumit Sara , Klumpp John A.
Published: March 2023

As with any medical treatment, the decision to excise a wound contaminated with actinides is a risk-benefit analysis. The potential benefits of surgical excision following such contaminated wounds are reduction in the probability of stochastic effects, avoidance of local effects, and psychological comfort knowing that radioactive material deposited in the wound is prevented from being systemic. These benefits should be balanced against the potential risks such as pain, numbness, infection, and loss of function due to excision. To that end, the responsibility of an internal dosimetrist is to provide advice to both the patient and the treating physician about the likely benefits of excision that include, but not limited to, averted doses. This paper provides a review of the effectiveness of surgical excisions following plutonium-contaminated wounds and finds that excisions are highly effective at removing plutonium from wounds and at averting the doses they would have caused.
Association Between First Attempt Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test and Days to Recovery in 855 Children With Sport-Related Concussion: A Historical Cohort Study and Prognostic Factors Analysis
Authors: Lalji Rahim , Hincapié Cesar A. , Macpherson Alison , Howitt Scott , Marshall Cameron , Tamim Hala
Published: March 2023

Objective:

Little is known about the prognostic value of the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT) after the acute phase of sport-related concussion (SRC). We examined the added prognostic value of the BCTT performed 10 to 21 days after SRC in children, in addition to participant, injury, and clinical process characteristics on days to recovery.

Design:

Historical clinical cohort study.

Setting:

Network of approximately 150 Canadian multidisciplinary primary-care clinics.

Participants:

855 children (mean age 14 years, range 6-17 years, 44% female) who presented between January 2016, and April 2019 with SRC.

Assessment of risk factors:

Participant, injury, and clinical process characteristics, with focus on BCTT exercise intolerance assessed 10 to 21 days after injury.

Outcome:

Days to clinical recovery.

Results:

Children who were exercise intolerant experienced an increase of 13 days to recovery (95% CI, 9-18 days). Each additional day between SRC and first BCTT was associated with a recovery delay of 1 day (95% CI, 1-2 days), and prior history of concussion was associated with a recovery delay of 3 days (95% CI, 1-5 days). Participant, injury, and clinical process characteristics, and the first attempt BCTT result explained 11% of the variation in recovery time, with 4% accounted for by the BCTT.

Conclusion:

Exercise-intolerance assessed 10 to 21 days after SRC was associated with delayed recovery. However, this was not a strong prognostic factor for days to recovery.
Efficacy of Animal-Assisted Therapy in Treatment of Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Horton Leslie , Griffen Margaret , Chang Lui , Newcomb Anna B.
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND:

Severe traumatic brain injury carries major public health consequences, with patients suffering long-term disability with physiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes. Animal-assisted therapy, the use of human and animal bonds in goal-directed interventions, has been a suggested therapy, but its efficacy in acute brain injury outcomes remains unknown.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to assess animal-assisted therapy's effects on cognitive outcome scores of hospitalized severe traumatic brain-injured patients.

METHODS:

This single-center, randomized, prospective trial was conducted from 2017 to 2019 and examined the effects of canine animal-assisted therapy on the Glasgow Coma Scale, Rancho Los Amigo Scale, and Levels of Command of adult severe traumatic brain-injured patients. Patients were randomized to receive animal-assisted therapy or usual standard of care. Nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to study group differences.

RESULTS:

Study patients (N = 70) received 151 sessions with a hander and dog (intervention, n = 38) and 156 without (control, n = 32) from a total of 25 dogs and nine handlers. When comparing the patients' response during hospitalization to animal-assisted therapy versus control, we controlled for sex, age, baseline Injury Severity Score, and corresponding enrollment score. Although there was no significant change in Glasgow Coma Score (p = .155), patients in the animal-assisted therapy group reported significantly higher standardized change in Rancho Los Amigo Scale (p = .026) and change commands (p < .001) compared with the control group.

CONCLUSIONS:

Patients with traumatic brain injury receiving canine-assisted therapy demonstrated significant improvement compared with a control group.
Neurological complications of critically ill COVID-19 patients
Authors: Sonneville Romain , Dangayach Neha S. , Newcombe Virginia
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review

COVID-19 and systemic critical illness are both associated with neurological complications. We provide an update on the diagnosis and critical care management of adult patients with neurological complications of COVID-19.

Recent findings

Large prospective multicentre studies conducted in the adult population over the last 18 months improved current knowledge on severe neurological complications of COVID-19. In COVID-19 patients presenting with neurological symptoms, a multimodal diagnostic workup (including CSF analysis, brain MRI, and EEG) may identify different syndromes associated with distinct trajectories and outcomes. Acute encephalopathy, which represents the most common neurological presentation of COVID-19, is associated with hypoxemia, toxic/metabolic derangements, and systemic inflammation. Other less frequent complications include cerebrovascular events, acute inflammatory syndromes, and seizures, which may be linked to more complex pathophysiological processes. Neuroimaging findings include infarction, haemorrhagic stroke, encephalitis, microhaemorrhages and leukoencephalopathy. In the absence of structural brain injury, prolonged unconsciousness is usually fully reversible, warranting a cautious approach for prognostication. Advanced quantitative MRI may provide useful insights into the extent and pathophysiology of the consequences of COVID-19 infection including atrophy and functional imaging changes in the chronic phase.

Our review highlights the importance of a multimodal approach for the accurate diagnosis and management of complications of COVID-19, both at the acute phase and in the long-term.
Benefits of an Online Interactive Educational Program Over Traditional Textbooks
Authors: Phillips Beth Cusatis , Johnson Janean , Khalid Nikita , Zapparrata Nicole , Albright Glenn
Published: March 2023

Background:

Technology has become increasingly prominent in nursing education. Online learning platforms may be more useful than traditional textbooks in promoting active learning, engagement, and satisfaction.

Purpose:

The purpose was to evaluate a new online interactive education program (OIEP) that replaces traditional textbooks and to understand student and faculty satisfaction, perceived efficacy of the program, student engagement, and whether the OIEP can help NCLEX preparation and reduce burnout.

Method:

This retrospective study assessed student and faculty perceptions of the constructs using quantitative and qualitative measures. Perceptions were measured at 2 time points each: halfway through the semester and again at its conclusion.

Results:

Mean efficacy scores of groups were high at both time points. Students showed significant increases in content constructs, which were supported by faculty perceptions of students. Students agreed that using the OIEP throughout their program would significantly increase preparedness for NCLEX.

Conclusion:

The OIEP may better support nursing students throughout school and on NCLEX than traditional textbooks.
Changes in Cost and Insurance Challenges to Cover PrEP Between 2019 and 2021
Authors: D'Angelo Alexa B. , Mirzayi Chloe , Carneiro Pedro B. , Grov Christian
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) use continues lag estimated need among gay and bisexual men in the United States. Studies report that challenges paying for PrEP may undermine continued use. Our study aimed to measure these challenges over time.

Methods:

Data were taken from a US national cohort study of cisgender gay and bisexual men and transgender individuals aged 16–49 years. We analyzed data from PrEP-using participants between 2019 and 2021 and observed cost-related and insurance-related challenges participants experienced while on PrEP across time points. We report McNemar and Cochrane Q test statistics to compare differences between groups by year(s).

Results:

In 2019, 16.5% (n = 828/5013) of participants were on PrEP; by 2020, 21% (n = 995/4727) were on PrEP, and by 2021, 24.5% (n = 1133/4617) were on PrEP. The proportion of those experiencing challenges paying for PrEP care decreased significantly across time points for clinical appointments, laboratory work, and prescriptions. Those experiencing insurance and copay approval issues did not change significantly. Although not statistically significant, the only proportion that increased over time was those reporting PrEP-related insurance approval issues. In a post hoc analysis, we found that those reporting PrEP use in the past year who were not currently on PrEP were significantly more likely to report experiencing most PrEP challenges, when compared with current PrEP users.

Discussion:

We found significant reductions in insurance and cost-related challenges between 2019 and 2021. However, those who discontinued PrEP within the past year reported greater challenges paying for PrEP, suggesting that cost and insurance issues may undermine PrEP persistence.
Short-Interval, Low-Dose [177Lu]Lu–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen in the Treatment of Refractory Glioblastoma
Authors: More Stuart , Naiker Thurandie , Jacobs Nihaad , Oompie Ferdinand , Prasad Vikas
Published: March 2023

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is expressed on the neovasculature as well as to some extent on the glioblastoma cells. With this background, we report the case of a 34-year-old man with recurrent glioblastoma who was treated with 2 cycles of low-dose [177Lu]Lu-PSMA after exhausting all available treatment options in the state sector. Baseline imaging demonstrated intense PSMA signal in the known lesion, which was amenable to therapy. The prospect of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA–based therapy for glioblastoma is warranted going forward.
Applying the 2005 Caprini Score to Plastic Surgery Patients
Authors: Dahmus Emma S. , Westfall-Snyder Jamaica , Schroer Julia , Wang Shengxuan , Kauffman Christian A. , DeSantis Joseph , Devitt Sean
Published: March 2023

Background

The Caprini score is a validated scale that calculates a patient's 30-day venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk based on their comorbidities. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons published VTE prophylaxis recommendations in 2011 based on the Caprini score, but these recommendations are vague and up to physician interpretation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate postoperative outcomes after the application of strict guidelines using the Caprini score with specific VTE chemoprophylaxis benchmarks on plastic surgery patients.

Methods

A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on all plastic surgery patients who underwent surgery between July 2019 and July 2021. Patients between July 2019 and June 2020 were not subjected to any specific VTE prophylaxis protocol, while patients from July 2020 to July 2021 were subjected to the newly created VTE prophylaxis protocol. Every patient received a calculated Caprini score at their preoperative history and physical. The primary outcomes measured include hematoma, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).

Results

Four hundred forty-one patients with 541 procedures were included in this study, with 275 patients in the “before” group and 166 patients in the “after” group. A total of 78.6% of patients received chemoprophylaxis in the “before” group compared with 20% in the “after” group. There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups including PE or DVT (P = 0.2684 and 0.2696, respectively), with a trend toward hematoma formation in the “before” group (P = 0.1358). After the application of evidence-based VTE guidelines, the patients stayed fewer days in the hospital (0.4 vs 0.7 days, P = 0.0085) and were less likely to be readmitted (2.4% vs 6.5%, P = 0.0333). The average cost per patient in the “before” group was $9.11 with a total cost of $3022.90. The average cost per patient in the “after” group was $4.23 with a total cost of $867.94 (P = 0.032).

Conclusions

Our strict application of the Caprini score significantly and safely limited the number of patients receiving postoperative VTE chemoprophylaxis and showed no significant difference in postoperative hematoma, DVT, or PE.
Perspectives on the Safety of Botulinum Toxin and Facial Filler Injections
Authors: Hassell Natalie E. , Bustos Valeria P. , Elmer Nicholas , Foppiani Jose A. , Kinney JacqueLyn , Valentine Lauren , Weidman Allan , Lin Samuel J.
Published: March 2023

Background

Although both botulinum toxin and facial filler injections are safe procedures with high efficacy and patient satisfaction, it is unclear how knowledgeable the general public is about the risks of these common cosmetic, nonsurgical procedures. The goal of this study is to assess public knowledge of the risks of botulinum toxin and facial filler injection, as well as perceived comfort with various providers delivering these injections.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was performed through Amazon Mechanical Turk regarding knowledge of the risks of botulinum toxin and facial filler injection, as well as provider and location preferences among adults 18 years and older and currently residing in the United States.

Results

When asked to identify potential risks of botulinum toxin injections from a list, asymmetry, bruising, and drooping of parts of the face were correctly identified by 38%, 40%, and 49% of respondents, respectively. Asymmetry, bruising, blindness, and blood vessel clotting (vascular occlusion) were identified as risks of filler injection by 40%, 51%, 18%, and 19% of respondents, respectively. In addition, plastic surgeons were the most preferred provider for botulinum toxin and facial filler injections, preferred by 43% and 48% of participants, respectively.

Conclusions

Although most people would consider botulinum toxin or facial filler injections, the potential risks of these procedures, especially the serious risks of facial fillers, may be poorly appreciated by the general public.
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol Allows Safe Same-Day Discharge in Expander Based and Oncoplastic Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Niu Ellen F. , Frageau James C. , Rogoff Hunter , Cannata Brigette , Wang Katherine E. , Marquez Jocellie , Munn Brittni , Shah Syed , Bakoulis Anastasia , Farrelly Patricia , O'Hea Brian , Huston Tara L.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Data after enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) with same-day discharge in breast reconstruction is limited. This study evaluates early postoperative outcomes after same-day discharge in tissue-expander immediate breast reconstruction (TE-IBR) and oncoplastic breast reconstruction.

Methods

A single-institution retrospective review of TE-IBR patients from 2017 to 2022 and oncoplastic breast reconstruction patients from 2014 to 2022 was performed. Patients were divided by procedure and recovery pathway: group 1 (TE-IBR, overnight admission), group 2 (TE-IBR, ERAS), group 3 (oncoplastic, overnight admission), and group 4 (oncoplastic, ERAS). Groups 1 and 2 were subdivided by implant location: groups 1a (prepectoral) and 1b (subpectoral), and groups 2a (prepectoral) and 2b (subpectoral). Demographics, comorbidities, complications, and reoperations were analyzed.

Results

A total of 160 TE-IBR patients (group 1, 91; group 2, 69) and 60 oncoplastic breast reconstruction patients (group 3, 8; group 4, 52) were included. Of the 160 TE-IBR patients, 73 underwent prepectoral reconstruction (group 1a, 25; group 2a, 48), and 87 underwent subpectoral reconstruction (group 1b, 66; group 2b, 21). There were no differences in demographics and comorbidities between groups 1 and 2. Group 3 had a higher average body mass index than group 4 (37.6 vs 32.2, P = 0.022). There was no significant difference between groups 1a and 2a or between groups 1b and 2b in rates of for rates of infection, hematoma, skin necrosis, wound dehiscence, fat necrosis, implant loss, or reoperations. Group 3 and group 4 showed no significant difference in any complications or in reoperations. Notably, no patients in same-day discharge groups required unplanned hospital admission.

Conclusions

Many surgical subspecialities have successfully adopted ERAS protocols into their patient care and have shown both its safety and feasibility. Our research shows that same-day discharge in both TE-IBR and oncoplastic breast reconstruction does not increase risk for major complications or reoperations.
The Anatomy Study of Temporal Region based on Ultrasound Investigation: A Spatial Structure Study
Authors: Zhao Ye , Huang XingFeng , Fu ZeXin , Zhang Lei , Jin Ting Ting , Pan Lei , Lai Fangyuan , Wang Ji , Wu SuFan , Chen CongXian
Published: March 2023

Background:

With the growing popularity of rejuvenation, people are giving more concerns on their temporal depression which makes them look older and wishing to improve it by injection. The complex structure of the temporal region leads to a higher risk of failed injection. The temporal region is well understood based on cadaver anatomy, but few studies have described its spatial structure. The purpose of this study was to improve the efficacy and safety of temporal injection by studying the spatial structure of the soft tissues and major blood vessels in each layer of the temporal region.

Methods:

A total of 30 volunteers (24 men and 6 women, 60 temporal regions) were investigated. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to measure the thickness of the temporal layers at the selected measurement points (A, B, C, D, E, and F). The maximum thickness of the temporal fat pads was also measured, and the layers, depths and diameters of the major temporal vessels (frontal branch of superficial temporal artery and vein, middle temporal vein and deep temporal artery) were measured.

Results:

At the various measurement points, the thickness and position of the skin, subcutaneous fat superficial fascia, and temporalis muscle did not differ significantly, whereas the superficial temporal fat pad and deep temporal fat pad differed significantly. The diameter and depth of the superficial temporal artery, superficial temporal vein, and deep temporal artery did not differ significantly, whereas the diameter of the middle temporal vein differed slightly, whereas the depth differed more obviously.

Conclusions:

The temporal structure is very complex, and understanding the spatial position of each layer of tissue plays an important role in improving the efficacy and safety of temporal filler injection. Ultrasound can help us to understand this information and assist in therapy.

Level of Evidence:

Level II
SCREENING OF POTENTIAL CORE GENES IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF ADULT PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS BASED ON IMMUNOREGULATION AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION FUNCTIONS
Authors: Tian Ye , Wang Liang , Chen Wenhao , Zhong Wu , Hu Yingchun
Published: March 2023

Objective: Based on the functions of immunoregulation and signal transduction, septic peripheral blood sequencing and bioinformatics technology were used to screen potential core targets. Methods: Peripheral blood of 23 patients with sepsis and 10 normal volunteers underwent RNA-seq processing within 24 hours after admission to the hospital. Data quality control and differential gene screening were performed based on R language (P < 0.01; log2FC ≥ 2). Gene function enrichment analysis was conducted on differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, target genes were submitted to STRING to constitute the PPI network, and GSE65682 were used to explore the prognostic relevance of potential core genes. Meta-analysis was used to verify the expression trends of core genes in the sepsis group. Then, cell line localization analysis of core genes in the 5 peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples (normal control = 2; systemic inflammatory response syndrome = 1; SEPSIS = 2) was performed. Results: A total of 1,128 DEGs were obtained between sepsis and normal group, of which 721 were upregulated and 407 downregulated. These DEGs were mainly enriched in leukocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, cell killing regulation, adaptive immune response regulation, lymphocyte-mediated immune regulation, and negative regulation of adaptive immune response. PPI network analysis results showed that CD160, KLRG1, S1PR5, and RGS16 were located in the core area, which are related to adaptive immune regulation, signal transduction, and intracellular components. The above four genes in the core area were found to be related to the prognosis of patients with sepsis, of which RGS16 was negatively correlated with the survival rate, and CD160, KLRG1, and S1PR5 were positively correlated. However, several public data sets showed that CD160, KLRG1, and S1PR5 were all downregulated in the peripheral blood of patients with sepsis, while RGS16 was upregulated in the sepsis group. Single-cell sequencing analysis showed that they were mainly expressed in NK-T cells. Conclusions: CD160, KLRG1, S1PR5, and RGS16 were mainly located in human peripheral blood NK-T cells. Sepsis participants expressed lower levels of S1PR5, CD160, and KLRG1, while sepsis participants expressed higher levels of RGS16. This suggests that they may be potential research targets for sepsis.
Decrease in current perception thresholds of A-beta fibers by subthreshold noise stimulation using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
Authors: Shimo Kazuhiro , Fukui Hiroto , Ueta Hitomi , Naka Misaki , Miyamoto Satoshi , Nishikawa Eruna , Ohga Satoshi , Matsubara Takako
Published: March 2023

Developing effective supplements and rehabilitation of the impaired tactile and proprioception sensation is a significant challenge. One potential method for improving these sensations in clinical practice is using stochastic resonance with white noise. While transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a simple method, the effect of subthreshold noise stimulation via TENS on sensory nerve thresholds is currently unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether subthreshold TENS can alter afferent nerve thresholds. The electric current perception thresholds (CPT) of A-beta, A-delta, and C fibers were assessed in 21 healthy volunteers during both subthreshold TENS and control conditions. Subthreshold TENS was found to have lower CPT values compared to the control condition for A-beta fibers. No significant differences were observed between subthreshold TENS and control for A-delta and C fibers. Our findings indicated that subthreshold TENS might selectively enhance the function of A-beta fibers.
Pilot proof for RNA biomarker-based minimally invasive endometrial receptivity testing using uterine fluid extracellular vesicles
Authors: Meltsov Alvin , Giacomini Elisa , Vigano Paola , Zarovni Natasa , Salumets Andres , Aleksejeva Elina
Published: March 2023

Research question

How accurate is minimally invasive assessment of endometrial receptivity from uterine fluid extracellular vesicles (UF-EVs) using only 68 RNA biomarkers.

Study design

Assessment of endometrial receptivity by applying the beREADY computational model on transcriptomic data derived from UF-EVs during the pre-receptive (LH+2) and receptive phases (LH+7) of a natural cycle.

Results

beREADY housekeeping gene transcript levels in UF-EV are not significantly different between LH+2 and LH+7 UF-EVs. Endometrial receptivity can be assessed from UF-EV transcriptomic data using beREADY computational model with specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 75%.

Conclusion

beREADY computational model can be used on UF-EVs instead of endometrial tissue biopsy to assess endometrial receptivity. However, further development is needed to fine-tune the model to show that this model can also be used on UF-EV samples from women undergoing hormone-replacement therapy.
Residual Sanitization of Three Human Respiratory Viruses on a Hard, Non-Porous Surface
Authors: Ikner Luisa A. , Rabe Andrew B. , Gerba Charles P.
Published: March 2023

Human pathogenic viruses that are present in bioaerosols released by coughing, sneezing, or breathing can contaminate fomites and other inanimate environmental surfaces. Most are enveloped respiratory viruses that are vulnerable to inactivation by a broad spectrum of antimicrobial actives. Quaternary ammonium compounds are highly diverse in structure and are among the most widely utilized antimicrobial agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate two commercially available, ready-to-use quaternary ammonium compound-based disinfectants (one of which also contains a surface binding agent) for antiviral activity against Influenza A (H1N1), human coronavirus 229E, and SARS-CoV-2 (Washington) following a rigorous procedure of wear and abrasions with regular re-inoculations of virus in the presence of a 6% organic soil load. Formulation TF-A demonstrated variable residual efficacy against the three viruses, achieving log10reductions of 1.62, 3.33, and 0.92, respectively. Formulation TF-B lowered each test virus by greater than 3-log10to non-detectable levels on all carriers in demonstration of residual antiviral activity.
Decline in prevalence of tuberculosis following an intensive case-finding campaign and the COVID-19 pandemic in an urban Ugandan community
Authors: Kendall Emily A , Kitonsa Peter J , Nalutaaya Annet , Robsky Katherine O , Erisa Kamoga Caleb , Mukiibi James , Cattamanchi Adithya , Kato-Maeda Midori , Katamba Achilles , Dowdy David W
Published: March 2023

Background

Systematic screening is a potential tool for reducing the prevalence of tuberculosis and counteracting COVID-related disruptions in care. Repeated community-wide screening can also measure changes in the prevalence of tuberculosis over time.

Methods

We conducted serial, cross-sectional tuberculosis case-finding campaigns in one community in Kampala, Uganda, in 2019 and 2021. Both campaigns sought sputum for tuberculosis testing (Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra) from all adolescents and adults. We estimated the prevalence of tuberculosis among screening participants in each campaign and compared characteristics of people with tuberculosis across campaigns. We simultaneously enrolled and characterized community residents who were diagnosed with tuberculosis through routine care and assessed trends in facility-based diagnosis.

Results

We successfully screened 12,033 community residents (35% of the estimated adult/adolescent population) in 2019 and 11,595 (33%) in 2021. In 2019, 0.94% (95% CI 0.77-1.13%) of participants tested Xpert-positive (including trace). This proportion fell to 0.52% (95%CI 0.40-0.67%) in 2021; the prevalence ratio was 0.55 [95%CI: 0.40-0.75]). There was no change in the age (median 26 vs 26), sex (56% vs 59% female), or prevalence of chronic cough (49% vs 54%) among those testing positive. By contrast, the rate of routine facility-based diagnosis remained steady in the eight months before each campaign (210 [95%CI 155-279] vs. 240 [95%CI 181-312] per 100,000 per year).

Conclusions

Following an intensive initial case-finding campaign in an urban Ugandan community in 2019, the burden of prevalent tuberculosis as measured by systematic screening had decreased by 45% in 2021, despite the intervening COVID-19 pandemic.
An Anti-diabetic Nutraceutical enhances muscle cell glucose uptake of cardiometabolic drugs
Authors: Saranya K , Arpitha Reddy RN , Battula Sanjana , Mehta Ishita , Kadiyala Gopi , Iyer Subramanian , Vangala Subrahmanyam , Chandran Satish , Saxena Uday
Published: March 2023

Type 2 diabetes is currently treated by multiple drugs that are often combined to achieve maximum blood glucose lowering in patients. Yet more than 50% of patients are unable to attain target glucose levels. There is clear need for agents which can be added to current drugs to help patients achieve their target blood glucose levels safely.

To this end we tested an anti-diabetic nutraceutical for its ability to enhance glucose uptake in muscle cells in combination with currently used cardiometabolic drugs. We show here that the nutraceutical is able to effectively improve glucose uptake of multiple drugs suggesting that it may help in enhancement of glucose lowering by the drugs in patients and achieve optimal glucose levels.
Discovery and characterization of non-canonical E2 conjugating enzymes
Authors: Rehman Syed Arif Abdul , Nisio Elena Di , Cazzaniga Chiara , Antico Odetta , Knebel Axel , Johnson Clare , Lamoliatte Frederic , Negri Rodolfo , Muqit MK Miratul , Cesare Virginia De
Published: March 2023

E2 conjugating enzymes (E2s) play a central role in the enzymatic cascade that leads to the attachment of ubiquitin to a substrate. This process, termed ubiquitylation is fundamental for maintaining cellular homeostasis and impacts almost all cellular process. By interacting with multiple E3 ligases, E2s direct the ubiquitylation landscape within the cell. Since its discovery, ubiquitylation has been regarded as a post-translational modification that specifically targets lysine side chains (canonical ubiquitylation). We used MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry to discover and characterize a family of E2s that are instead able to conjugate ubiquitin to serine and/or threonine. We employed protein modelling and prediction tools to identify the catalytic determinants that these E2s use to interact with ubiquitin as well as their substrates. Our results join a stream of recent literature that challenges the definition of ubiquitylation as an exquisitely lysine-specific modification and provide crucial insights into the missing E2 element responsible for non-canonical ubiquitylation.

Teaser

E2 conjugating enzymes (E2s) play a fundamental role in the attachment of ubiquitin to its substrate. Most E2s can form an isopeptide bond between the ubiquitin C- terminus and a lysine present on the substrate. We identified a family of E2s, UBE2Q1 and UBE2Q2, able to target amino acids other than lysine. Currently nothing is known about their mechanism of action and what substrates they are targeting, even though genetic ablation of UBE2Q1 produce substantial infertility in mice. Here we answer the question about what the key residues beneath their peculiar activity are. We discovered that UBE2Q1 target the lysine-free cytoplasmic domain of the Golgi resident protein Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1, providing an interesting precedent for the role of non-canonical ubiquitylation in eukaryotic cells.
Targeted development of diagnostic SNP markers for resistance to Fusarium wilt race 4 in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: Zhang Jinfa , Zhu Yi , Wheeler Terry , Dever Jane K , Hake Kater , Bissonnette Kaitlyn
Published: March 2023

Fusarium wilt caused by the soil-borne fungusFusarium oxysporumf. sp.vasinfectum(FOV) race 4 (FOV4) has become one of the most important emerging diseases in US cotton production. Numerous QTLs have been reported for resistance to FOV; however, no major FOV4-resistance QTL or gene has been identified and used in breeding Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) for FOV4 resistance. In this study, a panel of 223 Chinese Upland cotton accessions was evaluated for FOV4 resistance based on seedling mortality rate (MR) and stem and root vascular discoloration (SVD and RVD). SNP markers were developed based on targeted genome sequencing using AgriPlex Genomics. The chromosome region at 2.130-2.292 Mb on D03 was significantly correlated with both SVD and RVD but not with MR. Based on the two most significant SNP markers, accessions homozygous for AA or TT SNP genotype averaged significantly lower SVD (0.88 vs. 2.54) and RVD (1.46 vs. 3.02) than those homozygous for CC or GG SNP genotype. The results suggested that a gene or genes within the region conferred resistance to vascular discoloration caused by FOV4. The Chinese Upland accessions had 37.22% homozygous AA or TT SNP genotype and 11.66% heterozygous AC or TG SNP genotype, while 32 US elite public breeding lines all had the CC or GG SNP genotype. Among 463 obsolete US Upland accessions, only 0.86% possessed the AA or TT SNP genotype. This study, for the first time, has developed diagnostic SNPs for marker-assisted selection and identified FOV4-resistant Upland germplasms with the SNPs.
Genome-scale CRISPR‒Cas9 screen identifies novel host factors as potential therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Sakai Madoka , Masuda Yoshie , Tarumoto Yusuke , Aihara Naoyuki , Tsunoda Yugo , Iwata Michiko , Kamiya Yumiko , Komorizono Ryo , Noda Takeshi , Yusa Kosuke , Tomonaga Keizo , Makino Akiko
Published: March 2023

Although many host factors important for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been reported, the mechanisms by which the virus interacts with host cells remain elusive. Here, we identified tripartite motif containing (TRIM) 28, TRIM33, euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase (EHMT) 1, and EHMT2 as novel proviral factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection by CRISPR‒Cas9 screening. We demonstrated that TRIM28 plays a role(s) in viral particle formation and that TRIM33, EHMT1, and EHMT2 are involved in viral transcription and replication using cells with suppressed gene expression. UNC0642, a compound that specifically inhibits the methyltransferase activity of EHMT1/2, strikingly suppressed SARS-CoV-2 growth in cultured cells and reduced disease severity in a hamster infection model. This study suggests that EHMT1/2 may be a novel therapeutic target for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The contribution of plant life and growth forms to global gradients of vascular plant diversity
Authors: Taylor Amanda , Weigelt Patrick , Denelle Pierre , Cai Lirong , Kreft Holger
Published: March 2023

Plant life and growth forms (shortened to ‘plant forms’) represent key functional strategies of plants in relation to their environment and provide important insights into the ecological constraints acting on the distribution of biodiversity. Despite their ecological importance, how the spectra of plant forms contribute to global gradients of plant diversity is unresolved.

Using a novel dataset comprising >295,000 species, we quantify the contribution of different plant forms to global gradients of vascular plant diversity. Further, we establish how plant form distributions in different biogeographical regions are associated with contemporary and paleoclimate conditions, environmental heterogeneity, and phylogeny.

We find a major shift in representation by woody perennials in tropical latitudes to herb-dominated floras in temperate and boreal regions, following a sharp latitudinal gradient in plant form diversity from the tropics to the poles. We also find significant functional differences between regions, mirroring life and growth form responses to environmental conditions, which is mostly explained by contemporary climate (18-87%), and phylogeny (6-62%), with paleoclimate and heterogeneity playing only a minor role (<23%).

This research highlights variation in the importance of different plant forms to diversity gradients worldwide, providing a much-needed quantification for long-standing ideas and concepts structuring plant assemblages.
Supply chain agility and performance: evidence from a meta-analysis
Authors: Alfalla-Luque Rafaela , Luján García Darkys E. , Marin-Garcia Juan A.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The link between supply chain agility (SCA) and performance has been tested in previous research with different samples and results. The present paper quantitatively analyses and summarises the impact of SCA on performance found in previous empirical papers and determines the influence of several identified moderators.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a meta-analysis approach based on a systematic literature review, a total of 63 empirical papers comprising a sample of 14,469 firms were meta-analysed to consider substantive (type of performance and SCA operationalisation) and extrinsic (economic region and industry) moderators.

Findings

Results confirm a significantly large, positive correlation between SCA and performance. None of the analysed moderators has enabled the identification of any significant differences between the SCA and performance correlations by subgroup. However, high heterogeneity in total variance, both in the full sample and the subgroups by moderator, demands further rigorously reported empirical research on this topic with clearly conceptualised variables and frameworks and the use of validated scales.

Research limitations/implications

Several research gaps and best practice recommendations have been indicated to improve future empirical research on this topic.

Practical implications

Practitioners in different economic regions and industries will find consistent evidence of improvements in performance through SCA.

Originality/value

No meta-analysis has been found in previous research to estimate the value of the correlation between SCA and performance and the influence of moderating variables.
Organizational career development and retention of millennial employees: role of job satisfaction, organizational engagement and employee empowerment
Authors: Jena Lipsa , Nayak Umakanta
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The study aims to examine the relationship between organizational career development (OCD) and employee retention (ER) with job satisfaction (JS) and organizational engagement as the mediating variables and employee empowerment (EE) as moderating variable between the relationship of OCD and JS.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 422 respondents – employees working in information technology (IT) company in India – were collected and subjected to analysis through structural equation modelling (SEM).

Findings

There is a positive relationship between OCD and ER, where JS and organizational engagement acts as mediating variables. The study also shows the existence of moderating impact of EE in the relationship between OCD and JS.

Originality/value

The contribution of the study comes from establishing the role played by JS, organizational engagement and EE in the relationship between OCD and ER.