bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Electromagnetic Disturbances Caused by the Eruption of the Tonga Volcano on 15 January 2022
Authors: Gavrilov B. G. , Poklad Y. V. , Ryakhovsky I. A. , Ermak V. M. , Achkasov N. S. , Kozakova E. N.
Published: November 2022

The study is devoted to the analysis of geomagnetic field disturbances and the response of the Schumann resonance (SR) during the eruption of the Tonga volcano in 2022. The data on geomagnetic field variations at distances from 800 to 15,000 km from the volcano according to the INTERMAGNET network and parameters of SR signals recorded at Mikhnevo Observatory in Russia were used. The source of global geomagnetic disturbances are acoustic–gravity waves (AGWs), which caused changes in ionospheric conductivity, values of ionospheric currents, and the geomagnetic field. The propagation velocity of magnetic disturbances 263 ± 5 m/s, corresponding to the AGWs velocity, was determined and an independent estimate of the time of the eruption phase that caused the generation of the atmospheric wave (4:14 ± 10 UT) was obtained. A new method of processing the results of measurements of SR disturbance with a time resolution of 5 min instead of the usual 10–15 min allowed not only to detect but also to study this phenomenon in detail. The peculiarities of signals related to the number and energy of lightning discharges were revealed. Synchronous measurements of SR signals and geomagnetic field variations in a single observatory for the first time allowed to obtain an independent estimate of the eruption time and the electromagnetic disturbance propagation rate.
Hydrodynamics of Meander Bends in Intertidal Mudflats: A Field Study From the Macrotidal Yangkou Coast, China
Authors: Gao Chao , Finotello Alvise , D’Alpaos Andrea , Ghinassi Massimiliano , Carniello Luca , Pan Yupeng , Chen Dezhi , Wang Ya Ping
Published: November 2022

Meandering channels are ubiquitous features in intertidal mudflats and play a key role in the eco‐morphosedimentary evolution of such landscapes. However, the hydrodynamics and morphodynamic evolution of these channels are poorly known, and direct flow measurements are virtually nonexistent to date. Here, we present new hydroacoustic data collected synchronously at different sites along a mudflat meander located in the macrotidal Yangkou tidal flat (Jiangsu, China) over an 8‐day period. The studied bend exhibits an overall dominance of flood flows, with velocity surges of about 0.8 m/s occurring immediately below the bankfull stage during both ebb and flood tides. Unlike salt‐marsh channels, velocities attain nearly constant, sustained values as long as tidal flows remain confined within the channel and reduce significantly during overbank stages. In contrast, curvature‐induced cross‐sectional flows are more pronounced during overbank stages. Thus, a phase lag exists between streamwise and cross‐stream velocity maxima, which limits the transfer of secondary flows and likely hinders the formation of curvature‐induced helical flows along the entire meander length. Our results support earlier suggestions that the morphodynamics of intertidal mudflat meanders does not strongly depend on curvature‐induced helical flows and is most likely driven by high velocities and sustains seepage flows at late‐ebb stages, as well as by other tidally‐mediated processes such as waves and intense rainfall events. By unraveling complex flow structures and intertwined morphodynamic processes, our results provide the first step toward a better understanding of intertidal mudflat meanders, with relevant implications for their planform characteristics and dynamic evolution.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation drives leukemogenesis by PDGFRA activation due to insulator disruption in acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
Authors: Steinhäuser Sophie , Silva Patricia , Lenk Lennart , Beder Thomas , Hartmann Alina , Hänzelmann Sonja , Fransecky Lars , Neumann Martin , Bastian Lorenz , Lipinski Simone , Richter Kathrin , Bultmann Miriam , Hübner Emely , Xia Shuli , Röllig Christoph , Vogiatzi Fotini , Schewe Denis Martin , Yumiceba Veronica , Schultz Kristin , Spielmann Malte , Baldus Claudia Dorothea
Published: November 2022

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by complex molecular alterations and driver mutations. Elderly patients show increased frequencies of IDH mutations with high chemoresistance and relapse rates despite recent therapeutic advances. Besides being associated with global promoter hypermethylation, IDH1 mutation facilitated changes in 3D DNA-conformation by CTCF-anchor methylation and upregulated oncogene expression in glioma, correlating with poor prognosis. Here, we investigated the role of IDH1 p.R132H mutation in altering 3D DNA-architecture and subsequent oncogene activation in AML. Using public RNA-Seq data, we identified upregulation of tyrosine kinase PDGFRA in IDH1-mutant patients, correlating with poor prognosis. DNA methylation analysis identified CpG hypermethylation within a CTCF-anchor upstream of PDGFRA in IDH1-mutant patients. Increased PDGFRA expression, PDGFRA-CTCF methylation and decreased CTCF binding were confirmed in AML CRISPR cells with heterozygous IDH1 p.R132H mutation and upon exogenous 2-HG treatment. IDH1-mutant cells showed higher sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib, which was supported by reduced blast count in a patient with refractory IDH1-mutant AML after dasatinib treatment. Our data illustrate that IDH1 p.R132H mutation leads to CTCF hypermethylation, disrupting DNA-looping and insulation of PDGFRA, resulting in PDGFRA upregulation in IDH1-mutant AML. Treatment with dasatinib may offer a novel treatment strategy for IDH1-mutant AML.
Marine bacteroidetes use a conserved enzymatic cascade to digest diatom β-mannan
Authors: Beidler Irena , Robb Craig S , Vidal-Melgosa Silvia , Zühlke Marie-Katherin , Bartosik Daniel , Solanki Vipul , Markert Stephanie , Becher Dörte , Schweder Thomas , Hehemann Jan-Hendrik
Published: November 2022

The polysaccharide β-mannan, which is common in terrestrial plants but unknown in microalgae, was recently detected during diatom blooms. We identified a β-mannan polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) in the genome of the marine flavobacterium Muricauda sp. MAR_2010_75. Proteomics showed β-mannan induced translation of 22 proteins encoded within the PUL. Biochemical and structural analyses deduced the enzymatic cascade for β-mannan utilization. A conserved GH26 β-mannanase with endo-activity depolymerized the β-mannan. Consistent with the biochemistry, X-ray crystallography showed the typical TIM-barrel fold of related enzymes found in terrestrial β-mannan degraders. Structural and biochemical analyses of a second GH26 allowed the prediction of an exo-activity on shorter manno-gluco oligosaccharides. Further analysis demonstrated exo-α-1,6-galactosidase- and endo-β-1,4-glucanase activity of the PUL-encoded GH27 and GH5_26, respectively, indicating the target substrate is a galactoglucomannan. Epitope deletion assays with mannanases as analytic tools indicate the presence of β-mannan in the diatoms Coscinodiscus wailesii and Chaetoceros affinis. Mannanases from the PUL were active on diatom β-mannan and polysaccharide extracts sampled during a microalgal bloom at the North Sea. Together these results demonstrate that marine microorganisms use a conserved enzymatic cascade to degrade β-mannans of marine and terrestrial origin and that this metabolic pathway plays a role in marine carbon cycling.
The genetic aetiology of cannabis use: from twin models to genome-wide association studies and beyond
Authors: Verweij Karin J. H. , Vink Jacqueline M. , Abdellaoui Abdel , Gillespie Nathan A. , Derks Eske M. , Treur Jorien L.
Published: November 2022

Cannabis is among the most widely consumed psychoactive substances worldwide. Individual differences in cannabis use phenotypes can partly be explained by genetic differences. Technical and methodological advances have increased our understanding of the genetic aetiology of cannabis use. This narrative review discusses the genetic literature on cannabis use, covering twin, linkage, and candidate-gene studies, and the more recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs), as well as the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Not only do we focus on the insights that these methods have provided on the genetic aetiology of cannabis use, but also on how they have helped to clarify the relationship between cannabis use and co-occurring traits, such as the use of other substances and mental health disorders. Twin studies have shown that cannabis use is moderately heritable, with higher heritability estimates for more severe phases of use. Linkage and candidate-gene studies have been largely unsuccessful, while GWASs so far only explain a small portion of the heritability. Dozens of genetic variants predictive of cannabis use have been identified, located in genes such asCADM2,FOXP2, andCHRNA2. Studies that applied multivariate methods (twin models, genetic correlation analysis, polygenic score analysis, genomic structural equation modelling, Mendelian randomisation) indicate that there is considerable genetic overlap between cannabis use and other traits (especially other substances and externalising disorders) and some evidence for causal relationships (most convincingly for schizophrenia). We end our review by discussing implications of these findings and suggestions for future work.
Changes in interstitial fluid flow, mass transport and the bone cell response in microgravity and normogravity
Authors: Wei Fei , Flowerdew Kendal , Kinzel Michael , Perotti Luigi E. , Asiatico Jackson , Omer Mahmoud , Hovell Candice , Reumers Veerle , Coathup Melanie J.
Published: November 2022

In recent years, our scientific interest in spaceflight has grown exponentially and resulted in a thriving area of research, with hundreds of astronauts spending months of their time in space. A recent shift toward pursuing territories farther afield, aiming at near-Earth asteroids, the Moon, and Mars combined with the anticipated availability of commercial flights to space in the near future, warrants continued understanding of the human physiological processes and response mechanisms when in this extreme environment. Acute skeletal loss, more severe than any bone loss seen on Earth, has significant implications for deep space exploration, and it remains elusive as to why there is such a magnitude of difference between bone loss on Earth and loss in microgravity. The removal of gravity eliminates a critical primary mechano-stimulus, and when combined with exposure to both galactic and solar cosmic radiation, healthy human tissue function can be negatively affected. An additional effect found in microgravity, and one with limited insight, involves changes in dynamic fluid flow. Fluids provide the most fundamental way to transport chemical and biochemical elements within our bodies and apply an essential mechano-stimulus to cells. Furthermore, the cell cytoplasm is not a simple liquid, and fluid transport phenomena together with viscoelastic deformation of the cytoskeleton play key roles in cell function. In microgravity, flow behavior changes drastically, and the impact on cells within the porous system of bone and the influence of an expanding level of adiposity are not well understood. This review explores the role of interstitial fluid motion and solute transport in porous bone under two different conditions: normogravity and microgravity.
Adaptive insertion of a hydrophobic anchor into a poly(ethylene glycol) host for programmable surface functionalization
Authors: Zhang Shaohua , Li Wei , Luan Jiabin , Srivastava Abhinav , Carnevale Vincenzo , Klein Michael L. , Sun Jiawei , Wang Danni , Teora Serena P. , Rijpkema Sjoerd J. , Meeldijk Johannes D. , Wilson Daniela A.
Published: November 2022

Covalent and non-covalent molecular binding are two strategies to tailor surface properties and functions. However, the lack of responsiveness and requirement for specific binding groups makes spatiotemporal control challenging. Here, we report the adaptive insertion of a hydrophobic anchor into a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) host as a non-covalent binding strategy for surface functionalization. By using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as the hydrophobic anchor, hydrophilic charged and non-charged functional modules were spontaneously loaded onto PEG corona in 2 min without the assistance of any catalysts and binding groups. The thermodynamically favourable insertion of the hydrophobic anchor can be reversed by pulling the functional module, enabling programmable surface functionalization. We anticipate that the adaptive molecular recognition between the hydrophobic anchor and the PEG host will challenge the hydrophilic understanding of PEG and enhance the progress in nanomedicine, advanced materials and nanotechnology.
Quantum Hall phase in graphene engineered by interfacial charge coupling
Authors: Wang Yaning , Gao Xiang , Yang Kaining , Gu Pingfan , Lu Xin , Zhang Shihao , Gao Yuchen , Ren Naijie , Dong Baojuan , Jiang Yuhang , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Kang Jun , Lou Wenkai , Mao Jinhai , Liu Jianpeng , Ye Yu , Han Zheng , Chang Kai , Zhang Jing , Zhang Zhidong
Published: November 2022

The quantum Hall effect can be substantially affected by interfacial coupling between the host two-dimensional electron gases and the substrate, and has been predicted to give rise to exotic topological states. Yet the understanding of the underlying physics and the controllable engineering of this interaction remains challenging. Here we demonstrate the observation of an unusual quantum Hall effect, which differs markedly from that of the known picture, in graphene samples in contact with an antiferromagnetic insulator CrOCl equipped with dual gates. Two distinct quantum Hall phases are developed, with the Landau levels in monolayer graphene remaining intact at the conventional phase, but largely distorted for the interfacial-coupling phase. The latter quantum Hall phase is even present close to the absence of a magnetic field, with the consequential Landau quantization following a parabolic relation between the displacement field and the magnetic field. This characteristic prevails up to 100 K in a wide effective doping range from 0 to 1013 cm−2.
Topological morphogenesis of neuroepithelial organoids
Authors: Ishihara Keisuke , Mukherjee Arghyadip , Gromberg Elena , Brugués Jan , Tanaka Elly M. , Jülicher Frank
Published: November 2022

Animal organs exhibit complex topologies involving cavities and tubular networks, which underlie their form and function1–3. However, how topology emerges during the development of organ shape, or morphogenesis, remains elusive. Here we combine tissue reconstitution and quantitative microscopy to show that tissue topology and shape is governed by two distinct modes of topological transitions4,5. One mode involves the fusion of two separate epithelia and the other involves the fusion of two ends of the same epithelium. The morphological space is captured by a single control parameter that can be traced back to the relative rates of the two epithelial fusion modes. Finally, we identify a pharmacologically accessible pathway that regulates the frequency of two modes of epithelial fusion, and demonstrate the control of organoid topology and shape. The physical principles uncovered here provide fundamental insights into the self-organization of complex tissues6.
MesopTroph, a database of trophic parameters to study interactions in mesopelagic food webs
Authors: Silva Mónica A. , Fonseca Catarina T. , Olivar M. Pilar , Bernal Ainhoa , Spitz Jérôme , Chouvelon Tiphaine , Jonasdottir Sigrún , Colaço Ana , Carmo Vanda , Sutton Tracey , Menezes Gui , Falkenhaug Tone , Bergstad Odd Aksel , Pérez-Jorge Sergi
Published: November 2022

Mesopelagic organisms play a crucial role in marine food webs, channelling energy across the predator-prey network and connecting depth strata through their diel vertical migrations. The information available to assess mesopelagic feeding interactions and energy transfer has increased substantially in recent years, owing to the growing interest and research activity in the mesopelagic realm. However, such data have not been systematically collated and are difficult to access, hampering estimation of the contribution of mesopelagic organisms to marine ecosystems. Here we present MesopTroph, a georeferenced database of diet, trophic markers, and energy content of mesopelagic and other marine taxa compiled from 203 published and non-published sources. MesopTroph currently includes data on stomach contents, carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes, major and trace elements, energy density, fatty acids, trophic positions, and diet proportion estimates for 498 species/genera. MesopTroph will be expanded with new data emerging from ongoing studies. MesopTroph provides a unique tool to investigate trophic interactions and energy flow mediated by mesopelagic organisms, and to evaluate the ecosystem services of this community.
An epidemic context elicits more prosocial decision-making in an intergroup social dilemma
Authors: Rychlowska Magdalena , van der Schalk Job , Manstead Antony S. R.
Published: November 2022

Societal challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic have the quality of a social dilemma, in that they compel people to choose between acting in their own interests or the interests of a larger collective. Empirical evidence shows that the choices people make in a social dilemma are influenced by how this decision is framed. In four studies, we examined how context of an epidemic influences resource allocation decisions in a nested social dilemma task, where participants share resources between themselves, their subgroup, and a larger collective. Participants consistently allocated more resources to the collective in the context of the Ebola epidemic than in the context of a neighborhood improvement project, and these choices were strongly associated with prescriptive social norms. Together, the findings provide an experimental demonstration that the context of a quickly spreading disease encourages people to act more prosocially.
Quantifying F-actin patches in single melanoma cells using total-internal reflection fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Sheykhi Elham , Shojaedin-Givi Behnaz , Sajad Batool , Naderi-Manesh Hossein , Tavaddod Sharareh
Published: November 2022

Total-internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscope is a unique technique for selective excitation of only those fluorophore molecules in a cellular environment, which are located at the sub-diffraction axial distance of a cell’s contact-area. Despite this prominent feature of the TIRF microscope, making quantitative use of this technique has been a challenge, since the excitation intensity strongly depends on the axial position of a fluorophore molecule. Here, we present an easy-implemented data analysis method to quantitatively characterize the fluorescent signal, without considering the intensity-value. We use F-actin patches in single-melanoma cells as an example and define two quantities of elongation and surface density for F-actin patches at the contact-area of a melanoma cell. The elongation parameter can evaluate the dispersion of F-actin patches at the contact-area of a cell and is useful to classify the attaching, spreading, and expanding stages of a cell. Following that, we present the profile of the surface density of F-actin patches as a quantity to probe the spatio-temporal distribution of the F-actin patches at the contact-area of a cell. The data analysis methods that are proposed here will also be applicable in the image analysis of the other advanced optical microscopic methods.
Micro lesion effect of pallidal deep‑brain stimulation for meige syndrome
Authors: Liu Jiayu , Ding Hu , Xu Ke , Wang Dongliang , Ouyang Jia , Liu Zhi , Liu Ruen
Published: November 2022

To analyse the microlesion effect (MLE) in the globus pallidus interna (GPi) of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with Meige syndrome. Thirty-two patients with primary Meige syndrome who underwent GPi-DBS in this study. Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale scores (BFMDRS-M) were obtained for the evaluation of clinical symptoms at 3 days before DBS (baseline), 24 h after DBS surgery, once weekly for 1 month until electrical stimulation, 6 months postoperatively and 12 months after surgery. Twenty-seven patients had MLE after GPi-DBS. The mean time of BFMDRS-M scores maximal improvement from MLE was 35.9 h postoperatively (range, 24–48 h), and the mean scores improved by 49.35 ± 18.16%. At 12 months after surgery, the mean BFMDRS-M scores improved by 50.28 ± 29.70%. There was a positive correlation between the magnitude of MLE and the motor score at 12 months after GPi-DBS (R2 = 0.335, p < 0.05). However, there was no correlation between the duration of MLE and DBS improvement. Most Meige syndrome patients who underwent GPi-DBS and had MLE benefited from MLE. For Meige syndrome, MLE might be a predictive factor for patient clinical symptom improvement from DBS.
Elastomeric seal stress analysis using photoelastic experimental hybrid method
Authors: Mose Bruno R. , Shin Dong-Kil , Alunda Bernard O. , Nam Jeong Hwan
Published: November 2022

Stress freezing is an important and powerful procedure in 3-dimensional experimental stress analysis using photoelasticity. The application of the stress freezing technique to extract stress components from loaded engineering structures has, however, declined over the years even though its principles are well established. This is attributed to huge costs arising from energy consumption during the process. In addition, significant time is needed to generate the desired information from isoclinic and isochromatic fringes. To overcome the limitations of stress freezing in photoelasticity and transform it into an economical device for stress analysis in an engineering environment, a new stress freezing cycle that lasts 5 h is proposed. The proposed technique is used in several applications of elastomeric seals with different cross-sectional profiles to assess their suitability. It was found that reducing the cycle time can lead to huge energy savings without compromising the quality of the fringes. Moreover, the use of isochromatic only to extract stress components leads to a shorter processing time to achieve desirable information since the process of obtaining isoclinic data is involving. In this paper, results of stress analysis from stress-frozen elastomeric seals with various cross-sections using the new stress freezing cycle are presented.
Complications associated to wound drainages in tumor spine surgery: a multicenter surveillance study from the German Spine Registry (DWG-Register)
Authors: Walter Sebastian G. , Lenz Maximilian , Gaisendrees Christopher , Schlachtenberger Georg , Sircar Krishnan , Knöll Peter ,   DWG Registry Study Group, Siewe Jan , Brenke Christopher , Rommelspacher Yorck , Shiban Ehab , Bayerl Simon , Mehren Christoph , Vinas-Rios Juan Manuel , Zarghooni Kourosh
Published: November 2022

There is an ongoing debate whether a surgical drainage is beneficial to prevent local accumulation of hematoma and to reduce the rate of wound infections, and neurological deficits. Data from the German Spine Society (DWG) registry were filtered for surgically treated spine tumor cases between 2017 and 2021. Cases were categorized into with (Group I) and without (Group II) placement of a surgical drainage. Subgroups were compared for demographic data, type of surgery, experience of the surgeon and postoperative surgical complications. 10,029 cases were included into final analysis (Group I: 3007; Group II: 7022). There was no significant difference between both groups regarding age or gender distribution. Average morbidity of patients was significantly elevated in Group I (p < 0.05) and the rates of invasive surgery were significantly increased in this group (p < 0.001). Overall complication rates were reported with 12.0% (Group I) and 8.5% (Group II). There were significantly more epidural hematoma (p < 0.001) and motor dysfunction (p = 0.049) as well as deep wound infections (p < 0.001) and implant failures (p = 0.02) in Group I. A surgical wound drainage cannot prevent epidural hematoma.
Establishment of a digital PCR method for detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex DNA in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Leth Trine Andreasen , Joensen Sara Moeslund , Bek-Thomsen Malene , Møller Jens Kjølseth
Published: November 2022

Direct detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato bacteria in patient samples for diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is hampered by low diagnostic sensitivity, due to few bacteria in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) samples. Evaluation of novel molecular methods, including digital PCR (dPCR), as future tools in diagnostics of LNB is desirable. This study aimed to establish a dPCR assay and validate pre-PCR procedures for detection of Borrelia in CSF. Synthetic DNA fragments and cultured Borrelia reference strains were used during optimisation experiments. In addition, 59 CSF specimens from patients examined for LNB were included for clinical validation. The results showed that the pre-PCR parameters with the highest impact on Borrelia-specific dPCR method performance were incubation of the PCR-plate at 4 °C for stabilization of droplets, centrifugation for target concentration, quick-spin for dPCR rain reduction, and PCR inhibition by matrix components. Borrelia DNA in CSF was detected in one out of nine patients with LNB. Diagnostic sensitivity was determined to be 11.1% and specificity 100%. In conclusion, this study reports an optimized Borrelia-specific dPCR method for direct detection of Borrelia in CSF samples. The present study does not support the use of Borrelia-specific dPCR as a routine method for diagnosing LNB.
An odorant-binding protein in the elephant's trunk is finely tuned to sex pheromone (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate
Authors: Zaremska Valeriia , Renzone Giovanni , Arena Simona , Ciaravolo Valentina , Buberl Andreas , Balfanz Folko , Scaloni Andrea , Knoll Wolfgang , Pelosi Paolo
Published: November 2022

Chemical communication in elephants has been well studied at the chemical and behavioural levels. Pheromones have been identified in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), including (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate and frontalin, and their specific effects on the sexual behaviour of elephants have been accurately documented. In contrast, our knowledge on the proteins mediating detection of pheromones in elephants remains poor and superficial, with only three annotated and reliable entries in sequence databases, two of them being odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), and the third a member of von Ebner's gland (VEG) proteins. Proteomic analysis of trunk wash extract from African elephant (Loxodonta africana) identified one of the OBPs (LafrOBP1) as the main component. We therefore expressed LafrOBP1 and its Asian elephant orthologue in yeast Pichia pastoris and found that both recombinant proteins, as well as the natural LafrOBP1 are tuned to (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate, but have no affinity for frontalin. Both the natural and recombinant LafrOBP1 carry post-translational modifications such as O-glycosylation, phosphorylation and acetylation, but as these modifications affect only a very small amount of the protein, we cannot establish their potential effects on the ligand-binding properties of OBP1.
Conformational deformation of a multi-jointed elastic loop
Authors: Tanaka Hiro , Seki Yuji , Ueno Shohei , Shibutani Yoji
Published: November 2022

A new class of deformation is presented for a planar loop structure made up of slender elastic bodies and joints. In demonstrating the circumferential shortening of the multi-jointed elastic loop, diverse three-dimensional (3D) deformations emerge through piecewise deflections and discrete rotations. These 3D morphologies correspond to conformations of molecular ring systems. Through image processing, the 3D reconstructions of the deformed structures are characterized by number, geometry, and initial imperfections of the body segments. We elucidate from measurements that the conformational deformation without self-stress results from a cyclical assembly of compressive bending of elastic bodies with high shear rigidity. The mechanical insights gained may apply in controlling the polymorphism exhibited by the cyclical structures across scales.
Population admixtures in medaka inferred by multiple arbitrary amplicon sequencing
Authors: Fujimoto Shingo , Yaguchi Hajime , Myosho Taijun , Aoyama Hiroaki , Sato Yukuto , Kimura Ryosuke
Published: November 2022

Cost-effective genotyping can be achieved by sequencing PCR amplicons. Short 3–10 base primers can arbitrarily amplify thousands of loci using only a few primers. To improve the sequencing efficiency of the multiple arbitrary amplicon sequencing (MAAS) approach, we designed new primers and examined their efficiency in sequencing and genotyping. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we applied it to examining the population structure of the small freshwater fish, medaka (Oryzias latipes). We obtained 2987 informative SNVs with no missing genotype calls for 67 individuals from 15 wild populations and three artificial strains. The estimated phylogenic and population genetic structures of the wild populations were consistent with previous studies, corroborating the accuracy of our genotyping method. We also attempted to reconstruct the genetic backgrounds of a commercial orange mutant strain, Himedaka, which has caused a genetic disturbance in wild populations. Our admixture analysis focusing on Himedaka showed that at least two wild populations had genetically been contributed to the nuclear genome of this mutant strain. Our genotyping methods and results will be useful in quantitative assessments of genetic disturbance by this commercially available strain.
Theoretical study on thermal decomposition mechanism of 1-nitroso-2-naphthol
Authors: Fan Xiaohua , Gan Yixiu , Tan Miaowen , Wang Wenhe
Published: November 2022

1-nitroso-2-naphthol has thermal instability of thermal decomposition, spontaneous combustion and even explosion. Its thermal decomposition characteristics were tested by synchronous thermal analyzer (TGA/DSC); The activation energy of the thermal decomposition process was calculated by Kissinger method; The infrared absorption characteristic spectra of the gas products produced in the thermal decomposition process were measured by TGA/DSC-FTIR, and the thermal decomposition reaction process was speculated. The results show that the initial temperature (Tonset) of TGA exothermic decomposition of 1-nitroso-2 naphthol is between 129.01 and 155.69 °C, and the faster the heating rate(β), the higher the Tonset, but the faster the thermal decomposition rate, the greater the heat release and the worse the thermal stability. The activation energy (E) of the thermal decomposition process is 83.323 kJ/mol calculated by Kissinger method. The dynamic test results of TGA/DSC-FTIR show that the main reaction of 1-nitroso-2 naphthol during heating is intermolecular dehydration to form ether, and the secondary reaction is decomposition into aliphatic nitro compounds, carbonyl compounds and amines. Sodium hydroxide will reduce the thermal stability of 1-nitroso-2 naphthol. After adding sodium hydroxide, the thermal decomposition process of 1-nitroso-2 naphthol has changed. The main reaction is that 1-nitroso-2-naphthol reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce sodium nitrophenol, which is further decomposed into aliphatic nitro compounds. The research results have guiding significance for finding the reasonable conditions and temperature of 1-nitroso-2 naphthol during storage and transportation.
Millennial-timescale quantitative estimates of climate dynamics in central Europe from earthworm calcite granules in loess deposits
Authors: Prud’homme Charlotte , Fischer Peter , Jöris Olaf , Gromov Sergey , Vinnepand Mathias , Hatté Christine , Vonhof Hubert , Moine Olivier , Vött Andreas , Fitzsimmons Kathryn E.
Published: November 2022

Ice core and marine archives provide detailed quantitative records of last glacial climate changes, whereas comparable terrestrial records from the mid-latitudes remain scarce. Here we quantify warm season land-surface temperatures and precipitation over millennial timescales for central Europe for the period spanning 45,000–22,000 years before present that derive from two temporally overlapping loess-palaeosol-sequences, dated at high resolution by radiocarbon on earthworm calcite granules. Interstadial temperatures were 1–4 °C warmer than stadial climate, a temperature difference which is strongly attenuated compared to Greenland records. We show that climate in the Rhine Valley was significantly cooler during the warm season and overall drier with annual precipitation values reduced by up to 70% compared to the present day. We combine quantitative estimates with mesoscale wind and moisture transport modelling demonstrating that this region was dominated by westerlies and thereby inextricably linked to North Atlantic climate forcing, although ameliorated.
Cationic dialanes with fluxional π-bridged cyclopentadienyl ligands
Authors: Dabringhaus Philipp , Zedlitz Silja , Krossing Ingo
Published: November 2022

Syntheses of unique π-cyclopentadienyl bridged dialanes as complex salts with aluminate anions are reported by comproportionation of aluminocenium cations [AlIII(Cp)(Cp*)]+/[AlIIICp2]+ with [(AlICp*)4].
The metal dependence of single-metal mediated phosphodiester bond cleavage: a QM/MM study of a multifaceted human enzyme
Authors: Kaur Rajwinder , Aboelnga Mohamed M. , Nikkel Dylan J. , Wetmore Stacey D.
Published: November 2022

QM/MM calculations rationalize the experimentally-observed metal dependence of a unique endonuclease that uses only a single metal to break the inherently stable phosphodiester bond in nucleic acids.
Character of intermolecular vibrations in the benzene–neon complex based on CCSD(T) and SAPT potential energy surfaces
Authors: Shirkov Leonid
Published: November 2022

This work reports the first theoretical potential energy surface for the benzene–Ne complex calculated using two highly accurate approaches – CCSD(T) and SAPT. The character of intermolecular vibrations is studied for the complex.
Theoretical insights into the full description of DNA target search by subdiffusing proteins
Authors: Punia Bhawakshi , Chaudhury Srabanti
Published: November 2022

Full distributions of first passage times of DNA target search of sub-diffusing proteins based on their initial distances. The most probable search time is much shorter than the mean time if a protein starts close to the target region.
Exploring coverage-dependent chain-growth mechanisms on Ru(111) for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Authors: Jiao Yueyue , Ma Huan , Ren Pengju , Li Teng , Li Yong-Wang , Wen Xiao-Dong , Jiao Haijun
Published: November 2022

The chain growth mechanisms of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) remain a controversial topic, especially considering the much stronger adsorption ability of CO over H2, resulting in CO pre-adsorption or saturation.
Non-conjugated polymer ligand: stimulating charge transfer towards photocatalytic selective organic transformation
Authors: Ge Xing-Zu , Wang Kun , Mo Qiao-Ling , Xiao Yang , Li Jia-Le , Wu Gao , Xu Shu-Ran , Xiao Fang-Xing
Published: November 2022

Non-conjugated polymer ligand and metal NCs as simultaneous electron transfer mediators are synergistically harnessed to stimulate photocatalytic selective organic transformation.
Distinction of mechanisms causing experimental degradation of perovskite solar cells by simulating associated pathways
Authors: Julien Arthur , Puel Jean-Baptiste , Guillemoles Jean-François
Published: November 2022

An innovative method is used to distinguish the degradation mechanisms of perovskite solar cells by comparing their experimental and simulated degradation pathways.
Facile synthesis of dual-morphological MgCo2O4 with remarkable performance for pseudosupercapacitors
Authors: Ni Hang , Ke Zunjie , Hu Tanwei , Liu Wanneng , Tian Yu , Zhu Xiaolong , Zheng Guang
Published: November 2022

Dual-morphological MgCo2O4 can be successfully synthesized on Ni foam via a simple hydrothermal route and it possesses a long-term cycle durability, giving power to LED for 24 min.
Advanced nanomaterials for modulating Alzheimer's related amyloid aggregation
Authors: Shao Xu , Yan Chaoren , Wang Chao , Wang Chaoli , Cao Yue , Zhou Yang , Guan Ping , Hu Xiaoling , Zhu Wenlei , Ding Shichao
Published: November 2022

Based on the dimensional scale, this review summaries the use of nanomaterials in the modulation of amyloid aggregation. The effects include intermolecular interaction, chelation, photothermal effect, photocatalytic oxidation, and drug delivery.
Facile sulfation of celluloseviarecyclable ternary deep eutectic solvents for low-cost cellulose nanofibril preparation
Authors: Ma Guangrui , Zhang Zhiguo , Chen Jiachuan , Yang Guihua , He Ming
Published: November 2022

DESs can swell and sulfate cellulose, greatly reduce the production energy consumption of CNF, and successfully used CNF in food packaging film.
‘Optimized route’ to synthesize isoelectronic and isostructural Au(iii)- and Pt(ii)-NHC complexes: synthesis, structure, spectral properties, electrochemistry, and molecular docking studies
Authors: Maity Lakshmikanta , Barik Sahadev , Kisan Hemanta K. , Jana Abhimanyu , Isab Anvarhusein A. , Dinda Joydev
Published: November 2022

Synthesis, structures, luminescent properties, electrochemistry, and molecular docking of isoelectronic and isostructural Au(iii)- and Pt(ii)-NHC complexes have been described.
Metal-free synthesis of nitriles from aldehydes usingN-Boc-O-tosylhydroxylamine as a nitrogen source
Authors: Kumar Puneet , Singh Vikram , Jat Jawahar L. , Tiwari Bhoopendra
Published: November 2022

In this work, an operationally simple, one-pot, metal free synthesis of nitriles from readily available aldehydes has been disclosed.
Computational design of a notable nitrogen-rich energetic compound on the basis of Diels–Alder reactions
Authors: Yang Junqing , Hao Gazi , Guo Rui , Guo Hu , Jiang Wei , Zhang Jianguo
Published: November 2022

A notable nitrogen-rich energetic compound EC-1 was constructed by screening the most suitable diene and exploring the origin of the reactivity difference of Diels–Alder reactions.
Unexpected spontaneous symmetry breaking and diverse ferroicity in two-dimensional mono-metal phosphorus chalcogenides
Authors: Lyu Hou-Yi , Ma Xing-Yu , Hao Kuan-Rong , Zhu Zhen-Gang , Yan Qing-Bo , Su Gang
Published: November 2022

The ferroic atlas of the 2D MPX3 family (M = metal elements and X = O, S, Se, and Te).
Semicrystalline polymer networks with a swelling-enhanced water-triggered two-way shape-memory effect for programmable deformation and smart actuation
Authors: Xiang Tao , Wang Jiao , Jia Lianghao , Wang Pan , Zhou Shaobing
Published: November 2022

A simple, effective and universal strategy is proposed to fabricate a water-triggered two-way shape-memory polymer with the highest angle reversibility of 45.2%, which can be applied as a soft gripper and water level monitor.
2D hetero-nanostructured reduced-CuNiFe-oxides with self-produced H2O2 Fenton-like photocatalysis for tetracycline degradation
Authors: Fu Lin , Wu Dandan , Wen Ming , Zhu Yuanzheng , Wu Qingsheng , Zhou Tao , Fu Yongqing
Published: November 2022

Heterostructured reduced-CuNiFe-MMOs nanosheets with multiphases have been fabricated and applied as a Fenton-like photocatalyst, exhibiting efficient, environmentally friendly tetracycline degradation without additional oxidants.
Rational design of an organic–inorganic hybrid with Schiff base cations for an efficient quadratic nonlinear optical switch
Authors: Li Kai , Ye Huang , Li Xiaoqi , Wang Xinqiang , Luo Junhua , Liu Xitao
Published: November 2022

By introducing conjugated aromatic Schiff base cations, we successfully obtained a novel organic–inorganic solid-state quadratic nonlinear optical switching material with a high operating temperature.
OrganocatalyticN-formylation of amines by CO2in batch and continuous flow
Authors: Zanda Nicola , Primitivo Ludovica , Chaudhari Moreshwar , Kleij Arjan W. , Pericàs Miquel À.
Published: November 2022

A polystyrene-supported N-heterocyclic organocatalyst is shown to be a versatile system for theN-formylation of amines using carbon dioxide and silanes, and the heterogeneous catalyst can potentially be applied under continuous flow.
Preparation of stimuli responsive microgel with silver nanoparticles for biosensing and catalytic reduction of water pollutants
Authors: Zahid Sara , Alzahrani A. Khuzaim , Kizilbash Nadeem , Ambreen Jaweria , Ajmal Muhammad , Farooqi Zahoor H. , Siddiq Muhammad
Published: November 2022

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide/2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) microgel was prepared and fabricated with silver nanoparticles to design a material for dual functions of catalyst and sensor.
Dicationic amphiphiles bearing an amino acid head group with a long-chain hydrophobic tail for in vitro gene delivery applications
Authors: Manturthi Shireesha , Narayan Kumar Pranav , Patri Srilakshmi V.
Published: November 2022

C14-P, C14-M, and C14-S lipids formed lipoplexes using pDNA. The lipoplex cellular uptake into the cells resulted in the release of nucleic acids. C14-P lipid showed superior eGFP transfection in non-cancer cell line and more apoptosis cell death in cancer cell line.
Intramolecular redox cyclization reaction access to cinnolines from 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol and benzylamine via intermediate 2-nitrosobenzaldehyde
Authors: Sa Yun , Cai Mao-Xin , Lv Xin , Wu Ai-Bin , Shu Wen-Ming , Yu Wei-Chu
Published: November 2022

An efficient base-promoted synthesis of cinnolines from 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol and benzylamine via an intramolecular redox cyclization reaction. The formation of intermediate 2-nitrosobenzaldehyde plays an important role in this transformation.
Synthesis of silver nanoclusters by irradiation reduction and detection of Cr3+ ions
Authors: Han Fei , Li Jihao , Wang Wenrui , Wang Mouhua , Li Linfan
Published: November 2022

Using irradiation technology, the synthesis of silver nanoclusters can be achieved efficiently and green without relying on reducing agents and high energy consumption equipment.
Learning to teach chemical bonding: a framework for preservice teacher educators
Authors: van Dulmen Tim H. H. , Visser Talitha C. , Coenders Fer G. M. , Pepin Birgit , McKenney Susan
Published: November 2022

Chemical bonding is an important topic which is difficult to teach well, especially for novices. This study set out to support preservice teacher educators by developing a framework for understanding and addressing the complexity of teaching chemical bonding. A model of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) in science education that has been widely endorsed by experts in the field was adopted as the theoretical lens. First, a systematic literature review was performed to articulate what recent empirical studies can tell us about the knowledge teachers require to teach chemical bonding. The review corpus consisted of 59 articles published over the past 20 years relating to four components of PCK: knowledge of how chemical bonding is embedded in curricula, knowledge of student understanding related to this topic, knowledge of instructional strategies and representations for teaching chemical bonding, and knowledge related to the assessment of chemical bonding understanding. This yielded current collective PCK for teaching chemical bonding in chemistry teacher education. Next, nine chemistry teacher educators were asked to portray their own personal knowledge for teaching chemical bonding through content representations. Analysis of the content representations revealed differences between several aspects of the collective PCK derived from the literature and the personal PCK articulated by our sample of Dutch chemistry teacher educators. Finally, findings from the literature and the teacher educator content representations were synthesized into a framework for chemistry teacher educators. Uses of the framework are discussed, and sample applications to the design of classroom activities are offered. Finally, implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are addressed.
Structured copper-hydride nanoclusters provide insight into the surface-vacancy-defect to non-defect structural evolution
Authors: Bao Yizheng , Wu Xiaohang , Yin Bing , Kang Xi , Lin Zidong , Deng Huijuan , Yu Haizhu , Jin Shan , Chen Shuang , Zhu Manzhou
Published: November 2022

Structural adjustments in moving from surface-vacancy-defect Cu28-PPh2Py to non-defect Cu29-P(Ph-Cl)3 and Cu29-P(Ph-Me)3 provide valuable insight into the structures of surface vacancies in copper nanoclusters and structure–property relationships.
Chiral derivatization-enabled discrimination and on-tissue detection of proteinogenic amino acids by ion mobility mass spectrometry
Authors: Xie Chengyi , Chen Yanyan , Wang Xiaoxiao , Song Yuanyuan , Shen Yuting , Diao Xin , Zhu Lin , Wang Jianing , Cai Zongwei
Published: November 2022

The combination of chiral derivatization and ion mobility-mass spectrometry provides the first insights into the separation of 19 pairs of chiral proteinogenicd/l-amino acids in a single run and detection of chiral amino acids in complex samples.
A novel strategy for analyzing aptamer dominated sites and detecting AFB1 based on CRISPR–Cas12a
Authors: Niu Chenqi , Xing Xinhui , Zhang Chong
Published: November 2022

We proposed a novel strategy for analyzing aptamer dominated sites and a AFB1 biosensor was developed based on the results.
New insights on oxidative desulfurization for low sulfur residual oil production
Authors: Mitra Shouvik , Racha Surya Murali , Shown Biswajit , Mandal Sukumar , Das Asit Kumar
Published: November 2022

Heterogeneous catalyst system (V2O5/Al2O3, cumene hydroperoxide) produces low sulfur residual oil. Judicious recycling of catalyst, oxidant and solvent provides a sustainable solution, and brings economic viability to the process.
Micromechanical remodeling of the extracellular matrix by invading tumors: anisotropy and heterogeneity
Authors: Naylor Austin , Zheng Yu , Jiao Yang , Sun Bo
Published: November 2022

Altered tissue mechanics is an important signature of invasive solid tumors.
Effect of the polar group content on the glass transition temperature of ROMP copolymers
Authors: Li Yi-Lin , Jia Xiang-Meng , Zhang Xu-Ze , Lu Zhong-Yuan , Qian Hu-Jun
Published: November 2022

Polar groups have long been recognized to greatly influence the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polymers, but understanding the underlying physical mechanism remains a challenge.
Effective choice of ZnO formation methodology for highly stable polymer solar cells under damp-heat (85 °C/85% RH) and light soaking conditions
Authors: Lee Seung-Hoon , Park Byoungwook , Eom Seung Hun , Ko Seo-Jin , Lee Changjin , Yoon Sung Cheol
Published: November 2022

The damp-heat stability and photostability of solar cells were investigated depending on the ZnO fabrication methodology. Although the initial PCEs of the devices were similar, the ZnOs affected the solar cell performance after the aging process.
Crystal phase and morphology engineering of ω-Li3V2O5nanospheres for high-rate lithium-ion capacitors
Authors: Ren Zhenghong , Yu Shunzhi , Yao Tengyu , Xu Tiezhu , He Juhong , Shen Laifa
Published: November 2022

Lithium ion capacitors provide both high energy and high power density. Li3V2O5//AC, which is based on Li3V2O5nanospheres with fast kinetics reveals the potential for the application in high rate and long lifespan energy storage devices.
Tuning the photosensitization efficiency of atomically precise metal nanoclusters by super-efficient and exquisite interface modulation
Authors: Li Yu-Bing , Xiao Fang-Xing
Published: November 2022

The electron-withdrawing capability of metal nanocrystals and the photosensitization effect of atomically precise metal NCs are synergistically harnessed to finely mediate the charge transfer pathways.