bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Potential of Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage in Building Envelopes
Authors: Brozzesi Zachary , Li Darson Dezheng , Lee Ann
Published: September 2023

Buildings, with their significant energy consumption, pose a pressing concern for the future. Inadequate heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems further exacerbate thermal management difficulties and energy requirements. To address these challenges, Phase Change Materials (PCMs) offer valuable potential for sustainable energy reduction within the building sector, leveraging passive cooling and heating techniques. Numerical study has been conducted to explore the impact of embedding PCM within the building envelope on energy efficiency and thermal performance. The results reveal that PCM integration significantly reduces temperatures across all sections compared to scenarios without PCM. By passively absorbing and storing heat energy during phase change, PCM mitigates heat transfer through convection and conduction, leading to improved energy efficiency and reduced power consumption for cooling and heating purposes. Within the first 2 hours, the PCM achieves 50% of its average melting process, followed by a gradual decrease in the melting rate. It takes approximately 6 hours for the PCM to completely melt. As the PCM undergoes the melting process, the system's entropy values increase, reflecting an increase in disorder. At the tip of the building, the entropy value reaches 130 K/kg·K, which is more than three times the initial value. The integration of PCM in building envelopes shows promising potential for enhancing energy efficiency, thermal comfort, and durability. Future research should focus on optimizing PCM placement and configuration to maximize its benefits in diverse building designs and climatic conditions.
Insectos, ácaros y enfermedades asociados al cultivo de marañón
Authors: Campos Pinzón Juan Carlos , Vergara Navarro Erika Valentina , Camacho Delgado Hernán Oswaldo , Mateus Cagua Diana Mayerly , Pisco Ortíz Yeinny Carolina
Published: September 2023

El marañón (Anacardium occidentale) es una planta de interés en las regiones de la Orinoquía y Caribe debido a su rusticidad, buena adaptación a suelos ácidos, de baja fertilidad y climas secos en los que otras actividades agrícolas tienen dificultades para su establecimiento. Esto, además del alto valor de la almendra y el múltiple uso agroindustrial, ha llevado a un incremento considerable en el área establecida en los últimos diez años, particularmente en el departamento de Vichada. El incremento en área es un potencial riesgo para la aparición de problemas sanitarios, por esto es importante que los productores y técnicos de este sistema productivo puedan identificarlos y seguir su dinámica para tomar las medidas del caso, preferiblemente preventivas y basadas en el manejo integrado de plagas y enfermedades (MIPE). De igual forma, el crecimiento en área ha traído consigo la conformación de nuevos productores en este sistema productivo, para los cuales esta guía ilustrada puede ser útil, pues el primer paso para abordar un potencial riesgo es identificarlo. El documento se fundamenta en un listado de insectos, ácaros y enfermedades identificados en las zonas productoras de Vichada. Esta cartilla presenta descripciones e imágenes de los principales insectos, ácaros y enfermedades que afectan este cultivo, algunos son limitantes y otros potencialmente limitantes, y junto con estos, se presentan algunos principios a considerar en el MIPE que pueden ser empleados.
The Importance of Data Quality Control in Using Fitbit Device Data From the Research Program
Authors: Lederer Lauren , Breton Amanda , Jeong Hayoung , Master Hiral , Roghanizad Ali R , Dunn Jessilyn
Published: September 2023

Wearable digital health technologies (DHTs) have become increasingly popular in recent years, enabling more capabilities to assess behaviors and physiology in free-living conditions. The All of Us Research Program (AoURP), a National Institutes of Health initiative that collects health-related information from participants in the United States, has expanded its data collection to include DHT data from Fitbit devices. This offers researchers an unprecedented opportunity to examine a large cohort of DHT data alongside biospecimens and electronic health records. However, there are existing challenges and sources of error that need to be considered before using Fitbit device data from the AoURP. In this viewpoint, we examine the reliability of and potential error sources associated with the Fitbit device data available through the AoURP Researcher Workbench and outline actionable strategies to mitigate data missingness and noise. We begin by discussing sources of noise, including (1) inherent measurement inaccuracies, (2) skin tone–related challenges, and (3) movement and motion artifacts, and proceed to discuss potential sources of data missingness in Fitbit device data. We then outline methods to mitigate such missingness and noise in the data. We end by considering how future enhancements to the AoURP’s Fitbit device data collection methods and the inclusion of new Fitbit data types would impact the usability of the data. Although the reliability considerations and suggested literature are tailored toward Fitbit device data in the AoURP, the considerations and recommendations are broadly applicable to data from wearable DHTs in free-living conditions.
Rehabilitation Supported by Immersive Virtual Reality for Adults With Communication Disorders: Semistructured Interviews and Usability Survey Study
Authors: Vaezipour Atiyeh , Aldridge Danielle , Koenig Sebastian , Burns Clare , Baghaei Nilufar , Theodoros Deborah , Russell Trevor
Published: September 2023

Background

Individuals who have acquired communication disorders often struggle to transfer the skills they learn during therapy sessions to real-life situations. Immersive virtual reality (VR) technology has the potential to create realistic communication environments that can be used both in clinical settings and for practice at home by individuals with communication disorders.

Objective

This research aims to enhance our understanding of the acceptance, usefulness, and usability of a VR application (SIM:Kitchen), designed for communication rehabilitation. Additionally, this research aims to identify the perceived barriers and benefits of using VR technology from the perspective of individuals with acquired communication disorders.

Methods

Semistructured interviews and usability surveys were conducted with 10 individuals with acquired neurogenic communication disorders aged 46-81 (mean 58, SD 9.57) years after trialing an immersive VR application. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed to identify themes.

Results

The quantitative data regarding the usability of the system associated with participants’ immersion experience in the VR application were promising. Findings from semistructured interviews are discussed across five key thematic areas including (1) participant’s attitude toward VR, (2) perceived usefulness of the VR system, (3) perceived ease of use of the VR system, (4) their willingness to continue using VR, and (5) the factors they perceived as challenges or facilitators to adopting this VR technology.

Conclusions

Overall, participants in this study found the VR experience to be enjoyable and were impressed by the realism of the VR application designed for communication rehabilitation. This study highlighted personally relevant, immersive VR interventions with different levels of task difficulty that could enhance technology uptake in the context of communication rehabilitation. However, it is essential that VR hand controller technology is refined to be more naturalistic in movement and able to accommodate user capabilities.
The Effects of a Parent-Focused Social Media Intervention on Child Sun Safety: Pilot and Feasibility Study
Authors: Manne Sharon , Wu Yelena , Buller David , Heckman Carolyn , Devine Katie , Frederick Sara , Solleder Justin , Schaefer Alexis , Lu Shou-En
Published: September 2023

Background

Middle childhood (ages 8-12 years) is a critical period for forming behavioral habits and reducing the risk for the development of skin cancer later in life. During this time, children develop more autonomy and spend more unsupervised time away from their parents. Professional agencies recommend that all children engage in regular sun protection behaviors and avoid the sun during peak daytime hours. Unfortunately, in middle childhood, child sun protection often declines and UV radiation exposure increases. Effective parenting involves balancing ways to encourage the child’s increasing independence while providing practical assistance to ensure sun protection is implemented.

Objective

The goal was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of Sun Safe Families, a Facebook group intervention for parents of children between 8 and 12 years of age.

Methods

The team developed Facebook messages targeting parent knowledge, normative influences, sun safety barriers, planning and goal setting, confidence in implementing sun safety, communication, forming habits, and managing sun safety in risky situations. A total of 92 parents were enrolled, and the groups ran for 6 weeks. Feasibility was measured by enrollment and retention rates. Acceptability was measured by engagement in the Facebook groups. Satisfaction was assessed by a treatment evaluation. At pre- and post-intervention, parents completed measures of child sun protection, UV radiation exposure, sunburn, sun safety knowledge, child risk, barriers, sun protection self-efficacy, planning, sun safe habits, norms for child sun safety, and communication about sun safety.

Results

Enrollment (64.3%, 92/143) and retention (94.6%, 87/92) were good. On average, participants viewed 67.6% (56.8/84) of posts, “liked” 16.4% (13.77/84) of posts, commented on 14.8% (12.43/84) of posts, and voted on 46% (6.4/14) of polls. Satisfaction was excellent. From pre- to post-intervention, there were significant increases in child sun protection, sun exposure, and sunburn (P<.01; moderate effect sizes), as well as statistically significant increases in planning and self-efficacy (P<.05) and family norms and parent communication (P<.01).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated high survey retention, acceptability, and satisfaction with the intervention. There were promising preliminary effects on child sun protection behaviors and parent sun protection attitudes and communication with their child. Replication with a larger sample size and a comparison condition is warranted.
Telehealth Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Veterans and Nonveterans: Web-Based Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Shoemaker Holly E , Thorpe Alistair , Stevens Vanessa , Butler Jorie M , Drews Frank A , Burpo Nicole , Scherer Laura D , Fagerlin Angela
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

In the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, studies reported delays in health care usage due to safety concerns. Delays in care may result in increased morbidity and mortality from otherwise treatable conditions. Telehealth provides a safe alternative for patients to receive care when other circumstances make in-person care unavailable or unsafe, but information on patient experiences is limited. Understanding which people are more or less likely to use telehealth and their experiences can help tailor outreach efforts to maximize the impact of telehealth.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine the characteristics of telehealth users and nonusers and their reported experiences among veteran and nonveteran respondents.

METHODS

A nationwide web-based survey of current behaviors and health care experiences was conducted in December 2020-March 2021. The survey consisted of 3 waves, and the first wave is assessed here. Respondents included US adults participating in Qualtrics web-based panels. Primary outcomes were self-reported telehealth use and number of telehealth visits. The analysis used a 2-part regression model examining the association between telehealth use and the number of visits with respondent characteristics.

RESULTS

There were 2085 participants in the first wave, and 898 (43.1%) reported using telehealth since the pandemic began. Most veterans who used telehealth reported much or somewhat preferring an in-person visit (336/474, 70.9%), while slightly less than half of nonveterans (189/424, 44.6%) reported this preference. While there was no significant difference between veteran and nonveteran likelihood of using telehealth (odds ratio [OR] 1.33, 95% CI 0.97-1.82), veterans were likely to have more visits when they did use it (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.49, 95% CI 1.07-2.07). Individuals were less likely to use telehealth and reported fewer visits if they were 55 years and older (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.25-0.62 for ages 55-64 years; IRR 0.43, 95% CI 0.28-0.66) or lived in a small city (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43-0.92; IRR 0.71, 95% CI 0.51-0.99). Receiving health care partly or primarily at the Veterans Health Administration (VA) was associated with telehealth use (primarily VA: OR 3.25, 95% CI 2.20-4.81; equal mix: OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.40-3.39) and more telehealth visits (primarily VA: IRR 1.5, 95% CI 1.10-2.04; equal mix: IRR 1.57, 95% CI 1.11-2.24).

CONCLUSIONS

Telehealth will likely continue to be an important source of health care for patients, especially following situations like the COVID-19 pandemic. Some groups who may benefit from telehealth are still underserved. Telehealth services and outreach should be improved to provide accessible care for all.
Analysis of Mental Health Problems of College Students in Medical Schools during the Mitigation Period of Public Emergencies (Preprint)
Authors: Shen Ling
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

When a public emergency occurs, it will have a great impact on the people in it.

OBJECTIVE

In order to understand the mental health of medical students during public emergencies.

METHODS

The online questionnaire was used, which included the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). 4221 medical students were selected for the psychological study. 4221 medical students were selected for the psychological study.

RESULTS

The levels of depression and sleep quality indices (37.29±5.45, 5.04±2.92) were significantly lower and anxiety (43.5±2.92) was lower. The levels of depression and sleep quality indices (37.29±5.45, 5.04±2.92) were significantly lower and anxiety (43.77±5.43) significantly higher among university students enrolled in medical colleges and universities during the mitigation period of public health. During the mitigation period of public health emergencies than the Chinese norm (41.88±10.57, 5.26±2.38) (29.78±5.46). Compared with the previously reported depression, anxiety and sleep quality indices during the peak period of public health emergencies (38.88±8.07, 47.97±10.16, 4.39±2.87), the depression level was significantly decreased, the anxiety level and sleep quality index were significantly increased, and the binary logistic regression was not significant. The depression level was significantly decreased, the anxiety level and sleep quality index were significantly increased, and the binary logistic regression analyses showed that sleep disturbance (OR=8. 103, 95% CI 6.479~10.133), fair sleep (OR=2.826, 95% CI 2.268~3.521) were positively correlated with anxiety (OR=3.521). were positively correlated with anxiety (p <0.001); males (OR=1.479, 95% CI 1.232~1.776) were more likely to have anxiety (p <0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The emotional changes of medical students during the mitigation period of public emergencies were mainly dominated by anxiety, and the emotional changes of medical students during the mitigation period of public emergencies were mainly dominated by anxiety, and the anxiety of medical students was significantly affected by gender and sleep quality, while non-medical majors were worse than medical majors in terms of anxiety, depression and sleep quality. anxiety, depression and sleep quality; therefore, attention should be paid to the anxiety situation of medical students during the mitigation period of public health emergencies, especially for Therefore, attention should be paid to the anxiety situation of medical students during the mitigation period of public health emergencies, especially for those who are non-medical majors.
The main etiopathogenetic factors, features of the clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke in young people
Authors: Dubynetska V.M.
Published: September 2023

This article deals with the topical issue of today — ischemic strokes in young people. Currently, there are more than 150 identified causes of ischemic stroke, the most common of them are antiphospholipid syndrome, Fabry disease, genetic mutations, acquired and congenital thrombophilia, heart defects, a number of infectious agents, comorbid nosologies (migraine), and the use of narcotic agents. Special attention was paid to the monogenic disorders, which begin from an ischemic stroke or in which this type of stroke is one of the leading characteristics. The article shows in detail the characteristic features of each pathology, methods of diagnosis and ways of treatment, which is necessary in the work of a neuropathologist and doctors of other specialties.
A Comparative Study on the Design of Reading Teaching Activities for Novice and Experienced Primary School English Teachers: Based on the “View of English Learning Activities”
Authors: Fang Hanxi
Published: September 2023

From the perspective of English learning activities, based on the three dimensions of the classification framework: learning and understanding activities, application and practice activities, transfer and innovation activities, this paper compares and analyzes the design of teaching activities in reading class between a novice teacher and an experienced teacher. Based on research results, this paper puts forward the following suggestions: 1. Teachers should pay attention to different types of activities and balance the proportion of different activities. 2. Teachers should focus on the use of transfer and innovation activities, and pay attention to the cultivation of students’ thinking quality. 3. Novice teachers should learn more from experienced teachers and attach importance to the connection and progression of activities.
Pessimism in the selected poems of Thomas Hardy
Authors: Zafar Asiyah
Published: September 2023

The recurrent thought that good or positive will subdue and evil as well as negative will aggravate is known as pessimism. Thomas Hardy was trained as an architect but is famous as a poet and novelist of the Victorian Era (1837–1901). His view of life is mainly centred around this tendency. He has a different outlook towards life. He primarily focuses on the exposition of sufferings as his themes reflect. His main concern is to exhibit things in a miserable and pathetic state. He lost hope in life and thinks that the human condition will not improve. In his poems, death is not an escape from the weariness of life. This paper attempts to examine his pessimistic tendency by taking his few poems. His poems contain themes like death, loneliness, love and loss, war and its aftermath etc. Hardy's events of life also find space in his poems and play a very significant role in his pessimistic outlook. And especially the death of Emma shook him from the inside. He began his poetic career in 1898 with the publication of Wessex poems. Its setting is in the desolate and bleak landscape of Dorset. Until 1928, his death, he published eight volumes of poetry. He faces several bleak and pathetic conditions in his life like the Napoleonic Wars, World War, his near-death experience and most importantly death of Emma all contribute to his melancholic tone. The Victorian dilemma also touched his personality. However, his later poems exhibit a shift in his tone from melancholic to hopeful. In this article researcher has explored the pessimistic temperament in the selected poems of Thomas Hardy.
Stoicism: Portrayal of Women in Khamosh Pani, Pinjar and Eho Hamara Jeevna
Authors: Kaur Randeep , Arora Mahesh
Published: September 2023

Women bodies are the victim of sheer oppression and violence due to their vulnerable status since time immemorial. Instances of rape, murder, abduction, honour killing, and domestic violence are quite common in the case of women even in the contemporary world. They were the principal victims of the communal violence at the time of partition as well. They were murdered and humiliated before their loved ones; abducted and forcefully married after conversion or even sold out like inanimate entities. To avert the worst, copious of them committed suicide or others were killed by their family members for the sake of honour. The plight of these misfortunate women has been depicted by many writers very often through their works and even by cinema industries. The present paper tries to explore the fate of these wretched women which have been depicted on the silver screen in Khamosh Pani (Silent Waters), Pinjar (The Skeleton) and Eho Hamara Jeevna (Such is Her Fate). Women characters in these movies are trapped in a quagmire of hideous social evils, inflicted upon them by society, which has left them with nothing but trauma, violence, suffering, identity crises, atrocities and so on. All these women are Sikh women, who are swirling in the gyre of ‘in-betweenness’ due to their past traumas and the kind of life they are living right now. Keeping aside their emotions, these women do not lose their self-control and always try to strike a balance to live a harmonious life even after such atrocities. Their stoic personalities have encouraged them to undergo the sufferings inflicted upon them but their soul is completely torn due to these inhuman atrocities.
КВАНТОВЫЕ КОММУНИКАЦИИ ВЫХОДЯТ НА ПЕРЕДНИЙ ПЛАН
Authors: Попов С.А.
Published: September 2023

13–14 июля в Москве впервые состоялся Форум будущих технологий "Вычисления и связь. Квантовый мир". В репортаже акцент делается на направлении форума, касающемся квантовых коммуникаций.
INVESTIGATION OF CUTTING EDGE RADIUS OF HARDENED FLAT KNIVES AFTER PRODUCTION TESTS
Authors: Lyalyakin V. P. , Aulov V. F. , Rozhkov Y. N. , Evsyukov A. A.
Published: September 2023

One of the important characteristics of flat knives is the radius of rounding of the cutting edge. The smaller the radius of rounding, the more efficient the cutting process is. With the help of various hardening methods, it is possible to reduce the wear of flat knives, so that the radius of rounding of the cutting edge will remain small for longer, and the knife will mow grass crops more efficiently. The most promising methods of knife hardening are HDPE boring, HDPE surfacing FeSi, as well as a combined method including HDPE boring and electric spark treatment. (Research purpose) The research purpose is studying the changes in the radius of the cutting edge of flat knives depending on the hardening technology and the time of their operation. (Materials and methods) Knives made of 65G steel with a length of 125 and 150 millimeters, hardened by HDPE boration, HDPE surfacing by FeSi, a combined method consisting of HDPE boration and electric spark treatment, as well as hardened by HDPE quenching at the manufacturer, were studied. The radii of rounding of the cutting edge of flat knives were measured according to the developed technique, consisting in the production of knife casts made of silicone, viewing the resulting casts on a microscope and calculating the radius using special software. (Results and discussion) It was shown that all three technologies contribute to reducing the dynamics of changes in the radii of rounding of the cutting edges. It was revealed that the best hardening technology was combined processing, and the worst was HDPE surfacing FeSi. (Conclusions) The radii of rounding of the cutting edges were measured. Histograms of the average radii of hardened knives were constructed depending on the hardening technology and the beveled area. It was determined that the hardening of the knives reduces the dynamics of changes in the radii of the rounding of the cutting edges.
PRODUCT QUALITY AS THE BASIS OF COMPETITIVENESS
OF RUSSIAN ENGINEERING
Authors: Kushnarev L. I. , Kushnarev S. L.
Published: September 2023

The low level of competitiveness of domestic equipment significantly reduces consumer demand. This problem can be solved only on the basis of improving the quality level and operational reliability of manufactured machines, which are laid down in the production of equipment. (Research purpose) The research purpose is improving the manufacturing quality and reliability of Russian-made machines and equipment by improving their production and technical service. (Materials and methods) Investigated as initial information and materials the actual data on machines and equipment involved in agricultural production of countries; indicators of the intensity of their use and operational reliability. The following research methods were applied: monographic, comparative assessments, statistical, analysis and synthesis. (Results and discussion) The work is aimed at determining the reasons for the low level of quality of Russian equipment, substantiating the need for innovative development of production systems and technical service of machinery and equipment. It was determined that the basis of the high competitiveness of foreign equipment is the use of a proprietary method of technical service. The expediency of innovative development of the production and technological system and the creation of machine-building firms has been established. Only the company is interested in improving the quality of manufactured equipment, and only the company can organize branded technical service of its products. (Conclusions) The conducted organizational and technological studies have shown that improving the quality of manufacturing and reliability parameters of machinery and equipment based on the developed innovative method of organizing production and technical service will bring Russian engineering to a competitive level and ensure competitiveness and import substitution in technology.
POWER PLANT FOR PROCESSING
AGRO-INDUSTRIAL WASTE INTO MOTOR FUEL
Authors: Baltikov D. F. , Shaikhlislamova A. F. , Leont’ev D. S. , Harisov D. D.
Published: September 2023

In the Russian Federation, the predominant direction in the field of waste management is not recycling, but burial and storage, both authorized and unauthorized. Various types of products, food waste, glass, textiles, polymer production waste are buried in landfills. Plastic bags, various packaging materials, rubber products decompose for tens and hundreds of years, polluting the environment. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing an energy plant for the production of motor fuel and fertilizers by processing agro-industrial waste based on pyrolysis. (Materials and methods) Applied methods of numerical analysis, in theoretical studies used the basic provisions and laws of heat balance and mathematics. The experimental data obtained were processed by methods of mathematical statistics using electronic computers. (Results and discussion) We have developed a technology for recycling used rubber products with associated generation of thermal and electrical energy. The characteristics of the power plant operation during the processing of rubber products, as well as the composition of pyrolysis gas were determined: CO – 25, CO2 – 18, CH – 17 percent, pyrolysis temperature – 700-800 degrees Celsius. Taking into account the characteristics of rubber products, an experimental sample of a power plant was assembled as fuel. It was determined that the average payback period of this power plant is approximately 1.5-2 years. (Conclusions) This technology makes it possible to solve the problem of recycling car tire waste both from an environmental point of view and from an economic feasibility. During recycling, additional thermal and electrical energy is generated, which is directed to the needs of the production of its own economy.
RESOURCE-SAVING SYSTEM OF RECYCLING OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT DIRECTIONS FOR STRENGTHENING THE TECHNICAL POTENTIAL OF THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
Authors: Kataev Y. V. , Gerasimov V. S. , Tishaninov I. A. , Gradov E. A.
Published: September 2023

In this paper, the issues of the need to create an effective system for the disposal of agricultural machinery have been considered, since at present a significant amount of obsolete agricultural machinery, including energy-saturated, is being operated in the agro-industrial complex, which must either be restored or disposed of. (Research purpose) The research purpose is identifying the necessity and expediency of creating a system for the disposal of agricultural machinery, justifying the structure of financial resources for its creation, as well as considering the issue of the limiting condition of machines in operation beyond their service life, for making decisions about their repair, modernization or disposal. (Materials and methods) Proposed a methodology for calculating the amount of financial resources needed to create a system for the disposal of agricultural machinery, as well as the main criteria for determining the limit state of the main components and aggregates of agricultural machinery, setting the limit of the feasibility of repair, modernization or disposal of a particular machine, identified methodological approaches to address this issue. (Results and discussion) It was revealed that the defining stage in the creation of a system for the disposal of decommissioned equipment was 2012, when the recycling fee for wheeled vehicles was introduced. The funds from this collection were supposed to be used for the formation of a system for the disposal of equipment. (Conclusions) As practice and research conducted by scientists of FNAC VIM shows, the solution of this most important task for agriculture in Russia is of a complex nature, including technical, technological, financial, economic and environmental. The solution of these main factors will allow in the next 2-3 years to create an effective system for the disposal of agricultural machinery in the agro-industrial complex.
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF RESTORATION AND HARDENING OF THE WORKING BODIES OF TILLAGE MACHINES BY PLASMA-POWDER SURFACING OF CARBIDE ELECTROEROSIVE MATERIALS
Authors: Ageeva E. V. , Serebrovski V. I. , Ageev E. V. , Konchin V. A.
Published: September 2023

The use of powders obtained from solid alloy waste as a highly solid dispersed component of the composition for plasma-powder surfacing will improve the quality, reliability and durability of plasma coatings of working bodies of tillage machines with a minimum of costs for powder materials. However, the properties of these plasma coatings have not been studied enough, so it is necessary to conduct comprehensive studies. (Research purpose) The research purpose is improving the technology of restoration and hardening of the working bodies of tillage machines by plasma-powder surfacing of powder materials obtained by electroerosive dispersion of solid alloy waste T30K4. (Materials and methods) Carbide powders made by electrodispersing solid alloy waste T30K4 in kerosene were used to obtain plasma coatings. We chose for the renovation object a pointed cultivator paw made of 40XC rolled steel. The obtained plasma coatings were studied using modern equipment and complementary methods of physical materials science. (Results and discussion) We have developed, tested and investigated a new technology for restoring and strengthening the working bodies of tillage machines using the example of a pointed cultivator paw by plasma-powder surfacing of carbide electroerosive powder materials. The effectiveness of the development was confirmed by the properties of plasma coatings: the microstructure of the coating has a fine-grained structure, without inclusions, uniform phase distribution and the absence of pores, cracks and discontinuities; elements W, Ti and Co in the coating are evenly distributed; phases of carbides WC and TiC are present; the grain size of the coatings is about 0.3 micrometers; the microhardness of the coatings is about 14245 megapascals. (Conclusions) The results of field tests showed that the resource of the working bodies of tillage machines, restored and strengthened with carbide electroerosion materials, is 1.25 times higher than the resource of new parts.
Methodology for Placing Devices for Sectioning the Electrical Grid 0,4 kV
Authors: Vinogradov A. V. , Vinogradova A. V. , Bukreev A. V. , Psarev A. I. , Panfilov A. A.
Published: September 2023

A literature review was carried out, which showed a shift in the emphasis of digital transformation of the electric power industry on the development of methods and means of automation of rural electric networks of 0.4-10 kilovolts. It is shown that the actual direction of automation of rural electric networks is the development of means of their partitioning and redundancy, including the creation of relatively inexpensive devices for partitioning – dividing power lines into sections. The use of these devices requires the creation of methods for selecting their installation locations in electrical networks. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing a methodology for locating the installations for sectioning the electrical grid. (Materials and methods) Analyzed literature sources, existing methods for selecting installation sites for partitioning tools. We used general scientific methods, methods of reliability theory, electrical engineering. (Results and discussion) Suggested options for the placement of devices for dividing the electrical network, depending on the purpose of their use. The criteria for choosing the installation locations of the electrical network division devices were given, which included ensuring the protection of the power transmission line from remote short circuits, primarily single-phase, increasing the reliability of power supply to consumers, preventing voltage deviation from exceeding permissible limits. Presented a methodology for selecting the installation locations of electrical network division devices according to the proposed criteria. (Conclusions) It was revealed that for radial and radial with soldering of electrical networks, the main criterion is to ensure the protection of remote short circuits, and an additional one is to increase the reliability of power supply. It has been shown that for ring networks, the main criterion is to prevent voltage deviation from exceeding permissible limits along with the criterion of ensuring protection from remote short circuits, and the criterion for increasing reliability is an additional one. It was established that the final place of installation of devices for dividing the electrical network into sections in each case is determined taking into account the specified criteria so that the main ones are not violated.
Cassette Loading Units for Hanging Devices of Breeding Seeders
Authors: Chulkov A. S. , Shaykhov M. M. , Chaplygin M. E. , Tekushev A. Kh.
Published: September 2023

The cassette loading device of breeding seeders is designed for sequential movement of cassettes with seed material to the sowing apparatus of the seeder. (Research purpose) The research purpose is reviewing of breeding seeders with a cassette loading unit for sowing machines and analyzing the technical solutions used in the devices. (Materials and methods) Conducted a review of cassette seeders for sowing various crops in breeding and primary seed production in order to find effective technical solutions. We compared different design solutions of cassette loading devices and chose the most rational design elements. (Results and discussion) The direction of improvement towards the robotization of a cassette device for loading breeding seeders was revealed, which increases the productivity of this auxiliary operation and reduces the use of manual labor. A classification of cassette loading devices used on breeding seeders was proposed. Formulated the technical task of developing a new device design. (Conclusions) We analyzed domestic and foreign technical solutions of cassette loading devices for sowing machines of breeding seeders, determined their technical and technological features. It was established that the improvement of the cassette device for loading breeding seeders, which increases the productivity of this auxiliary operation and reduces the use of manual labor, should be implemented in the direction of robotization of the process of operation of the cassette loading device. It was stated that in order to create a robotic cassette loading device, it is necessary to develop a manipulator controlled by a programmable electronic controller and a control system that ensures: moving cassettes along a guide (carrier) plate and feeding them to the holes for unloading seed material into the loading cylinders of sowing machines; sequential feeding of cassette blocks to a cassette table (in the working area); synchronization of the seeding machines with the operation of the loading device.
Pressure of Water Jet on the Soil Surface Depending on the Type of Nozzle and the Operation of the Jet
Authors: Shutenko A. V. , Khort D. O.
Published: September 2023

Hydrotreatment of trunk zones of garden plantings is a promising way to suppress weeds. For correct modeling of the process of destruction of a blackened layer of soil by a jet of water, it is required to set the pressure of the jet on the soil surface to destroy its structure and inhibit weed vegetation. (Research purpose) The research purpose is determining the effect of the water jet on the pressure created on the soil surface to suppress weeds. (Materials and methods) Obtained data for the study using a developed stand for detecting the force of the jet, which consists of a weighing platform with a container for samples of blackened soil. We used a high-pressure device with a maximum pressure of 140 megapascals, a maximum flow rate of 360 liters per hour. The studies were carried out under the following operating modes: the nozzle of the “Turbo cutter” at a height of 3, 5, 10 centimeters from the soil surface, for each height an angle of inclination of 0.45 degrees to the normal of the soil surface was considered; a nozzle with a flat jet at a height of 3, 5, 10 centimeters from the soil surface, for each height, an angle of inclination of 0.45 degrees to the normal of the soil surface was considered; a nozzle with the proposed design of a flat jet in a turbo cutter at a height of 3, 5, 10 centimeters from the soil surface, for each height, an angle of inclination of 0.45 degrees to the surface normal was considered soil. (Results and discussion) The dependence of the pressure of the water jet on the soil surface on the height of the nozzle location for all considered types of nozzles and operating modes was obtained. (Conclusions) It was stated that the nozzle of the proposed design allows you to create a pressure of 1.9-2.8 times more than when using a standard flat nozzle, while the width of the working body increases by 1.3 times compared to the turbo cutter, this makes it possible to achieve the necessary quality of tillage and the width of the tool.
INTERVENCIONES BASADAS EN INTERNET PARA LA ATENCIÓN DE TRASTORNOS MENTALES EN PANDEMIA
Authors: Carrión Jonatan , Reynaldos-Grandón Katiuska , Nasabún Verónica , Cartagena-Ramos Denisse
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: Describir las intervenciones basadas en internet para la atención de trastornos mentales en pandemia. Material y método: Se trató de una revisión sistemática. Fueron utilizadas las bases PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. La estrategia de búsqueda utilizó descriptores MeSH, Subjects CINAHL, DeCS: “Adults”, “Internet-Based Intervention”, “Mental Disorders” en combinación a palabras claves y operadores booleanos. Fueron incluidos estudios primarios, en español, inglés y portugués, entre 2019 a 2021, en contexto de COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 y/o pandemia. Las referencias fueron importadas a EndNote. Se evaluó la calidad metodológica según Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Los datos fueron analizados basado en el análisis temático. Resultados: De un total de 303 artículos, seis duplicados fueron eliminados, 295 elegibles y cinco fueron incluidos. Dos estudios mostraron una actitud positiva y disposición frente a intervenciones por aplicativo móvil, dos evidenciaron disminución significativa en las puntuaciones de ansiedad, depresión y mayor utilización de la mensajería de texto (mHealth) frente a este tipo de intervención y uno mostró mayor número de visitas por telemedicina que visitas convencionales en pacientes con enfermedad mental grave. Conclusiones: El estudio encontró que las intervenciones basadas en internet predominantes fueron por mensajería de texto y aplicativos móviles.
Assessing elevational shifts in the species-abundance distribution (SAD): a case study of vascular plants in the Alborz Mts., Iran
Authors: Moradi Halime , Prado Paulo Inacio , Oldeland Jens , Borges Paulo , Fattorini Simone
Published: September 2023

Species Abundance Distributions (SADs) describe the commonness and
rarity of species in communities, but few studies explored the
ecological factors influencing SAD patterns. Elevational gradients may
provide useful opportunities to understand SAD variations in response to
environmental characteristics. We investigated how plant SADs changed
along a 2,500 m elevational gradient in the Alborz Mountains (Iran). We
sampled plots at 100 m intervals from 2,000 to 4,500 m elevation to
model SADs using several probability distributions. Most communities
were best fitted by the exponential and gamma distributions as well as
the Weibull distribution. Weibull parameters showed a unimodal pattern
and identified different degrees of dominance and rarity along
elevational gradient. Communities at lower elevations were characterized
by the presence of many species with low dominance. At middle
elevations, communities had many rare and many species with intermediate
abundances. At high elevations, communities were characterized by
reduced taxonomic diversity and low dominance. Less stressful climatic
conditions that characterize lower elevations allow more species to
coexist, but competition may constrain species abundances. Most species
are unable to cope with harsher conditions of higher elevations, and are
filtered out, leading to a reduced taxonomic diversity and dominance in
these communities.
Sex-specific behavioural, metabolic and immunohistochemical changes after repeated administration of the synthetic cannabinoid AKB48 in mice
Authors: Corli Giorgia , Roda Elisa , Tirri Micaela , Bilel Sabrine , Luca Fabrizio De , Rossi Sabina Strano , Gaudio Rosa Maria , Giorgio Fabio De , Fattore Liana , Locatelli Carlo Alessandro , Marti Matteo
Published: September 2023

AKB48 is a synthetic cannabinoid illegally sold for its psychoactive
cannabis-like effects that has been associated to several acute
intoxications and which effects are poorly known. Using a behavioural,
neurochemical and immunohistochemical approach we investigated the
pharmaco-toxicological effects, plasma pharmacokinetic and
neuroplasticity at cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) in the cerebellum and
cortex induced by repeated AKB48 administration in male and female mice.
The effects of AKB48 varied significantly depending on sex and length of
treatment. The 1st injection impaired sensorimotor responses and reduced
body temperature, analgesia, and breath rate at a greater extent in
females than in males, the 2nd injection induced stronger effects in
males while the 3rd injection of AKB48 induced weaker responses in both
sexes, suggesting the emergence of tolerance. The CB1R antagonist
NESS-0327 prevented the effects induced by repeated AKB48, confirming a
CB1R-mediated action of the drug. Blood AKB48 levels were higher in
females than in males and repeated administration caused a progressive
rise of AKB48 content in blood samples of both sexes, suggesting an
inhibitory effect on cytochrome activity. Finally, immunohistochemical
analysis revealed higher expression of CB1Rs in the cerebellum and
cortex of females, and a rapid CB1R downregulation in cerebellar and
cortical areas following repeated AKB48 injections, with neuroadaptation
occurring generally more rapidly in females than in males. We showed for
the first time that AKB48 effects significantly vary with prolonged use
and that sex affects the pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic responses to
its repeated administration, suggesting a sex-tailored approach in
managing AKB48-induced intoxication.
Liminal Insights: Bridging Economics and Thermodynamics
Authors: Lemariey Mélik , Campergue Pierre , Lemariey² Mélik
Published: September 2023

This article contextualizes the intersection of thermodynamics and economics and elucidates its innovative implications by drawing parallels between energy dynamics in physical systems and wealth-currency dynamics in economies. It introduces the concept of ”internal economic energy” as a cornerstone. Through a comparative lens, the study reveals how monetary value is engendered within production and transaction stages, mirroring the classical thermodynamic cycle observed in steam engines. The article posits a fundamental parallel between the principle of energy conservation and the emergence of money, contending that efficient economic work converts into newly minted money. This notion challenges the notion of money creation ex nihilo. While providing a novel perspective on economic mechanisms, the analogy’s application to the intricate human domain prompts consideration of inherent complexities and potential limitations. The article’s insights contribute to both economic theory and thermodynamics, cautioning against over-extension of the analogy while paving the way for a more comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationship between energy and economics.
Dietary Cholesterol and Aggression in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Saoud Patrick , ZeinEddine Razan , Tabbara Magida
Published: September 2023

Tilapia farmers would benefit tremendously if they could decrease
aggression among fish. Conspecific aggression affects growth, feed
conversion and general wellbeing of fish. Previous studies established
an inverse relationship between blood cholesterol levels and aggression
in fish, whereby a decrease in cholesterol led to an increase in
aggression. The present study assessed the effect of an increase of
dietary cholesterol on blood cholesterol and possible decrease in
aggression of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Nile tilapia
were stocked in an outdoor recirculation system then offered one of five
diets: 0% cholesterol, 0.5% cholesterol, 1% cholesterol, 1.5%
cholesterol and 2% cholesterol. Five fish of each treatment were moved
to a glass tank and monitored for signs of aggression for 10 minutes,
twice a day. This experimental procedure was repeated five times using a
new set of fish every time. Results show an increase in cholesterol
levels in the blood but that there are no significant differences in
aggression among treatments. Accordingly, the present study suggests
that an increase in dietary cholesterol increases blood cholesterol in
fish but does not have a significant effect on antagonistic patterns in
Nile tilapia.