bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remembrance education between history teaching and citizenship education
Authors: Nieuwenhuyse Karel Van , Wils Kaat
Published: May 2012

Commemoration and remembrance are integral elements of postmodern western culture. Although academic historians are increasingly inclined to acknowledge that there is no hard and fast dividing line between collective memory and professional historiography, they do not always welcome
the increasing pressure from national governments and international organizations to guide and even regulate collective memory through history education or through so-called ‘remembrance education’. The rationale of remembrance education is that modern nations have a certain responsibility
for crimes or suffering that has been caused in the past, and that recognition of this forms a component of education in democratic citizenship. Remembrance education thus becomes a general umbrella for education about ‘dark chapters’ from the past, with the Holocaust as most evident
example. This article focuses on a single (sub)national case. Within the Flemish Community, which is the body responsible for education in Flanders and the Dutch-speaking schools in the federal Belgian capital Brussels, remembrance education has, since 2010, been an official part of the cross-curricular
final objectives of secondary education. Starting from the concrete context in which this initiative originated and is currently being developed, we examine the complex relationship between remembrance education and history teaching. The differences and affinities between both, we argue, become
visible by comparing the position of the academic discipline of history in both fields, by comparing the position of the present, the role of empathy and of a pedagogy of activation and by analysing the way in which ethical questions are dealt with. The absolute moral standards and the present-centred
character of remembrance education are, for instance, far removed from the ambitions to stimulate historical and contextual thinking that are central to history education. Many of the real tensions between both, however, reproduce in magnified form the equally real inter¬nal tensions that
characterize contemporary history teaching, with its simultaneous scientific and civic ambitions. But unlike remembrance education, history education does not regard memory as the starting point for knowledge or attitudes, but as a subject of critical historical research in its own right.
History education for nation building and state formation: The case of Singapore
Authors: Chia Yeow Tong
Published: May 2012

History education has often been associated with the inculcation of citizenship values, especially in the forging of national identity. In instilling a sense of pride in the common past, the teaching of a nation’s history contributes to the creation and strengthening of nationalism
and national identity. This article examines the politics and policies concerning the formulation, implementation and changes regarding the teaching of Singapore’s history between 1984 and 2001, focusing on the lower secondary history curriculum. The Singapore state initially regarded
the teaching of the recent national past to be divisive, which resulted in a near neglect and de-emphasis of Singapore’s past in the first decade or so following its independence. However, the state did an about face and started to emphasize history education in the 1980s. This intensified
towards the end of the 1990s with the introduction of the ‘National Education’ programme in schools. With that, the role of history in nation building and citizenship education in Singapore found its fullest expression. Thus, the Singapore case is unique compared to the newly independent
states after World War II in that history education was used for nation building much later – two decades after its independence.
REVIEWS
Authors: Menter Ian , Peterson Andrew , Snelson Helen
Published: May 2012

FUTURE CITIZENS: 21ST CENTURY CHALLENGES FOR YOUNG PEOPLE, KRZYWOSZ-RYHNKIEWICZ, B, ZALEWSKA, A. AND OSS, (EDS) (2010) Krakow: Impuls ISBN: 978 83 7587 431 0, h/bk, €14.27

What’s Fair? Young Europeans’ Constructions of Equity, Altruism and Self-Interest, Ross, A.
and Dooly, M. (eds) (2010) Barcelona: Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Press ISBN: 978 84 608 1112 1, p/bk, £20

THEIR HOPES, FEARS AND REALITY: WORKING WITH CHILDREN AND YOUTH FOR THE FUTURE, M. DOOLY, PETER BERG (2010) ISBN: 978 3 0343 0441 2, Oxford: Peter Lang, p/bk, £41.80

CHILDREN
AS DECISION MAKERS IN EDUCATION: SHARING EXPERIENCES ACROSS CULTURES, SUE COX, ANNA ROBINSON-PANT, CAROLINE DYER AND MICHELE SCHWEISFURTH (EDS) (2010) Continuum, London, 180 pp., ISBN: 978-0-8264-2548-5, h/bk, £70

TEACHING HISTORY: DEVELOPING AS A REFLECTIVE SECONDARY TEACHER, IAN
PHILLIPS (2008) London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 288 pp., ISBN: 978-1412947916, p/bk, £24.99
Our Lives, Our Stories: Storytelling workshops in Uganda’s refugee camps
Authors: Horsley Kate
Published: May 2012

This article addresses the issue of leading oral narrative workshops for displaced Acholi women in a post-war African community. It is based on research conducted during a recent project, ‘Our Lives, Our Stories’, which took place in two refugee camps in Gulu and Lira, northern
Uganda, in which Dr Horsley worked with participants in a storytelling competition. It examines the rationale underpinning cross-cultural mentoring schemes such as this one and discuss the challenge of transforming difficult personal experiences into fiction. Drawing on analysis of the work
produced and accounts written by other creative practitioners, it analyses the methodology underpinning the teaching of storytelling across language and cultural barriers; the value of the workshop process in training women in storytelling skills; and the function of storytelling as a form
of advocacy; the role of creative non-fiction in making the stories of marginalized women heard.
Long story, short story: A. S. Byatt’s ‘The Thing in the Forest’
Authors: Carr-Phillips Jacqueline
Published: May 2012

What makes a long story a short story? The article explores this question through an examination of A. S. Byatt’s story ‘The Thing in the Forest’, the first of five stories in her collection Little Black Book of Stories (2003). The aim of the article is to examine
the narrative structure of this long story, in order to show that despite its length, it is very much a short story, in terms of form. This is demonstrated, for example, by the use of indirection and suggestion in the narrative, which utilizes a range of modes of the implicit dimension of
language. This discussion of long story as short story, in terms of form, is explored within the context of a poetics of the implicit in the short story, and with reference to the stories of Katherine Mansfield and Alice Munro, which also demonstrate the same narrative features characteristic
of the short story form.
The strange history of the British short story and its reviewers
Authors: Baldwin Dean
Published: May 2012

Before the 1890s, reviewers of short stories treated short fiction as they treated the novel, judging it by the same or similar criteria. As the short story became popular and the number of magazines printing short stories increased dramatically, reviewers’ attitudes towards the
short story began to change. Partly under the influence of Brander Matthews’ insistence that the short story must have ‘form’ (interpreted by most reviewers and editors as ‘plot’) and partly because of the growing rift between traditional and Modernist aesthetics
– embodied for many reviewers in the Yellow Book – editors and reviewers began treating the short story as different from the novel, often elevating it to the realm of ‘art’. As a consequence, reviewers frequently denigrated popular stories as ‘machine made’
and Modernist stories as ‘gloomy’ or as ‘mere’ sketches. Reviewers thus contributed to the impression among readers that the short story was in theory superior to the novel but in practice inferior to it. This attitude was often reflected by authors themselves, many
of whom tended to regard their own short stories as of lesser importance than their novels.
Between the sheets: The short stories of Tennessee Williams
Authors: Piddington Ellie
Published: May 2012

This article explores the creative sensibility that underpins Tennessee Williams’s literary works. It proposes that Williams’s short stories were more than the ‘testing ground for his future works’; they also reveal a great deal about his complex personality,
and his troubling negotiation with his desire for men. It draws on his Memoirs (1972), his short fiction and his stage plays to reveal how insistently his homosexuality appears in his work, and is in fact integral to his aesthetic choices. Based on the premise that as a homosexual Williams
aligns himself with the outsider and the marginal figure, this article argues that in using the short story form he pushes the boundaries of social acceptability with far more freedom than mainstream Broadway producers would ever allow. The article concludes that, above all, Williams is, in
a sense, a character in his stories, the better to express his empathy for those in the margins, and also to disclose his homosexuality ‘between the sheets’ of his stories.
‘An Island Like You’: Representing the Puerto Rican diaspora in the short stories of Nicholasa Mohr and Judith Ortiz Cofer
Authors: Rico Barbara Roche
Published: May 2012

The short stories of Nicholasa Mohr and Judith Ortiz Cofer, two of the most prolific ‘Rican’ writers living on the US mainland, have received little critical attention. Connecting her work with global postcolonialism, Mohr has called herself a ‘daughter of the Puerto
Rican Diaspora’. Mohr’s El Bronx Remembered – a collection of stories set in the first wave of migration (from 1946 to 56) – focuses on people living in what Mohr has called a ‘village within a city’ and ‘a colonized space’. Ortiz Cofer’s
collection An Island Like You focuses on the period after the Great Migration. Adapting and refashioning scripts inherited from both European and American literature, Ortiz Cofer’s work raises issues of both postcolonial representation and transatlantic exchange.
Putting on ‘The Overcoat’
Authors: Peppard Victor
Published: May 2012

Short Fiction in Theory and Practice includes a section celebrating an individual story, which is a landmark in short fiction writing. For this issue, Professor Charles E. May has nominated Nikolai Gogol’s ‘The Overcoat’, first published in Russian in 1842. We asked
the writer and Russian literature expert, Professor Victor Peppard, to answer some questions for those of us unable to read the story in its original language.
Creating a stink: Memory and affect in the writing of ‘The Stinker’
Authors: Harvey Colin B.
Published: May 2012

Spinoza identifies memory as central to all human endeavour. In this article, I explore the diverse kinds of remembering that informed the writing of my award-winning Gothic short story ‘The Stinker’ (2006). I utilize approaches from the fields of cultural studies and the
emergent, transdisciplinary arena of memory studies to explore the myriad embodied and emplaced memories that influenced the story’s production. I contend that the interrelationship of these varieties of remembering ought to be understood in a processual rather than dynamic fashion.
The article is followed by the text of ‘The Stinker’.
REVIEWS
Authors: Bascombe Carla , Cookson Mary
Published: May 2012

THE CARIBBEAN SHORTSTORY: CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES, LUCY EVANS, MARK MCWATT AND EMMA SMITH (EDS) (2011) Leeds: Peepal Tree Press, 356 pp., ISBN 9781845231262, p/bk, £19.99

BESTEUROPEAN FICTION 2011, ALEXSANDAR HEMON (ED.), PREFACE BY COLUM MCCANN (2010) Champaign, London and Dublin:
Dalkey Archive Press, 511 pp., ISBN 978-1-56478-600-5, p/bk, £10.37
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Yusha’u Muhammad Jameel
Published: May 2012

AFRICAN MEDIA AND THE DIGITAL PUBLIC SPHERE, MUDHAI, O. F., TETTEY, W. J. AND BANDA, F. (2009) New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 276 pp., ISBN 9780230614864, h/bk, £60.00
FILM REVIEW
Authors: Ryan Connor
Published: May 2012

THE MIRROR BOY, OBI EMELONYE (2011) Gambia/UK: Nollywood Factory/OH Films, 87 mins Live premier at Silverbird Galleria, Lagos, Nigeria
Terrorism and news of Africa post-9/11 coverage in The New York Times
Authors: Hawkins Virgil
Published: May 2012

Western media coverage of the world decreased considerably in the post-Cold War world. The terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 and the western response appeared, to a limited degree, to have contributed to some renewed media interest in the outside world – primarily the parts
of it that were seen as threatening western interests. But to what degree has this applied to Africa, a part of the world that has been perhaps most consistently marginalized by both policy-makers and the media? Did media coverage of Africa in the West rise following 9/11? If so, to what degree
was this rise attributable to issues of terrorism or the response? Furthermore, was coverage of Africa related to terrorism focused primarily on western concerns or did they apply to a broader variety of terrorism in Africa? With a particular focus on the United States, this study aims to
answer these questions using quantitative analysis of coverage of Africa by The New York Times pre- and post 9/11.
The ‘War on Terror’ frame and Washington Post’s linking of the Sierra Leone Civil War to 9/11 and al-Qaeda: Implications for US foreign policy in Africa
Authors: Shaw Ibrahim Seaga
Published: May 2012

The Washington Post’s linking of the ‘blood diamond trade’ carried out by Sierra Leone’s rebel movement, the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), to al-Qaeda published after the 9/11 terrorist attacks signalled a major shift in US foreign policy from that of withdrawal
from to engagement in African crises, albeit because of geo-strategic national security interests rather than for global justice. Using quantitative content and critical discourse analyses, this article aims to demonstrate the resonance between this ‘War on Terror’ frame and the
subsequent summoning of the author of the article, Douglas Farrah, to testify before Congress, and how this served as a wake-up call for the United States not to abandon Africa since its ‘ill-fated sortie’ in the wake of the failure of ‘Operation Restore Hope’ in Somalia
in 1992. The article concludes with a brief critical reflection on the implications of this ‘War on Terror’ frame that contributed to a shift from withdrawal from to engagement with Africa for the mediation of conflict and global justice.
‘Nigeria as a country of interest in terrorism’: Newspaper framing of Farouk Abdulmutallab, the underwear bomber
Authors: Ette Mercy
Published: May 2012

Media coverage of the ‘War on Terror’ has generated different frameworks of understanding that have been shaped by meanings and images that emerged after September 11, 2001. These frameworks of meanings are routinely used to structure and contextualize news stories and events
associated with terrorism. This article investigates news frames that four Nigerian newspapers applied to the coverage of an attempted suicide attack on a US-bound aircraft on Christmas Day in 2009. It analyses the newspapers’ interpretation of the aborted act of terrorism by Umar Farouk
Abdulmutallab, a 23-year-old Nigerian man, which resulted in the United States categorizing Nigeria as a ‘country of interest in the context of terrorism’. The article outlines recurrent themes and issues that the newspapers primed for their audiences by interrogating a selection
of editorial contents of the publications. It seeks to highlight how discursive fields in the coverage emphasized specific understanding of the event. The article argues that the constructed accounts of the foiled attack were framed and structured to create a distance between Abdulmutallab
and his country and that the news frames the newspapers used narrowed public understanding of the significance of Abdulmutallab’s radicalization and its possible implications for Nigeria.
A grey area: The Nigerien Sahel in the French media
Authors: Alzouma Gado
Published: May 2012

This paper analyses how the French media perceive the advent of Al Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) in the Sahel, and particularly in Niger. It shows that the French media are constructing Niger as a ‘grey area’, a dangerous place and a ‘failed state’ through
a monolithic discourse rooted in French cultural and ideological presuppositions about Africa and Africans. I argue that the monolithic discourse of French media on the War on Terror in the Sahel is the result of similar educational trajectories, cultural backgrounds and positions shared by
journalists within the field, which tend to produce similar patterns of thinking. The paper is based on a critical analysis of ‘representative’ articles written between 1 January 2008 and 30 September 2011 in three leading French newspapers. It uses a qualitative approach and takes
place within the framework of media content analysis.
The Feldenkrais method and women with eating disorders
Authors: Fortin Sylvie , Vanasse Chantal
Published: May 2012

In this article, we present an action research project conducted over 21 weeks with seven women suffering from eating disorders for an average of 34 years. The aim was to (1) describe the women’s experiences of Feldenkrais classes via a variety of qualitative data collection methods
and (2) to identify any possible relationships between changes of their body awareness and their eating disorders. A thematic analysis inspired by grounded theory showed that the action research using the Feldenkrais method of somatic education demonstrated a potential for helping the participants
to consciously challenge dominant social discourse by engendering concrete changes in the way they perceived themselves. They reported being able to occasionally change their daily activities and various eating habits, thus revealing transfer of learning from the Feldenkrais classes to their
daily lives.
Body of Becoming and Progressing into no-Progress
Authors: Mainz Bettina , Mainz Bettina , Kramer Paula
Published: May 2012

This writing provides a contextualization of ‘Body of Becoming’ as a practice in the lineage of Amerta Movement as well as of the specific workshop ‘Progressing into No-Progress’ offered as part of the conference.
Somatic movement and costume: A practical, investigative project
Authors: Dean Sally E.
Published: May 2012

This article is an introduction to the possibilities of the field of costume and somatic movement. It is a reflective account of my first stage of research in this area, which culminated in a workshop presentation at the Dance and Somatic Practices Conference at Coventry University.
The project centred on costumes created and designed in collaboration with Sandra Arroniz Lacunza and Carolina Rieckhof (visual artists and costume designers with an M.A. in Costume Design for Performance from the London College of Fashion). The aim was to consider how costumes can link internal
sensory and imaginary experiences to our perceptions. This article traces the background of the project, its research methodologies and structure, the costumes designed and experimented within the workshops and performances, and considers the project’s potential applications to performance,
creative process and dance training.
Integrating somatics and science
Authors: Batson Glenna , Quin Edel , Wilson Margaret
Published: May 2012

After four decades of exploring various avenues of exchange, dance science and somatic education (somatics) face new challenges in integrating theory with practice. In earlier decades of interchange, these challenges largely revolved around finding compatibility between the somatic
personal narrative and the positivist models prevalent in science. Today human movement science embraces phenomenology, neurophysiology and cognitive science, providing models for embodied learning. These fields of study have forged new pathways for dialogue and have offered new paradigms
through which we can revisit and reimage long-held beliefs bearing on somatics and science in dance training. One emergent paradigm – embodied cognition – affords possibilities for integrating somatics with dance science. In this article, three academic educators raise questions
bearing on the current potential for advancing the integration of somatics within dance science. They consider embodied cognition as one viable model of rigorous yet flexible study of somatics and science in dance.
Interpreting embodied dance practice
Authors: Hay Marie
Published: May 2012

This article discusses the experience of learning dance practice in a UK University in the context of phenomenological hermeneutics. The ironies of dance as an embodied practice against requirements of assessment from a higher education institution will be discussed. The research has
been gathered through practice-based reflection and investigation, contextualized with information published on reflective practice and phenomenological hermeneutics. This context is essential to understand the observations made in practice and inform pedagogic developments integral to this
research. This article is also informed by research concerned with assessment and autonomous learning in dance within a UK higher education context. The article outlines the particular issues of learning and assessing dance as an embodied practice and considers them in the context of phenomenological
hermeneutics as described by Gadamer and Koegler. This consideration has contributed to the construction of an autonomous learning framework that acknowledges the uniqueness of dance as an embodied practice. An evaluation of the framework is presented through an analytical discussion of student
feedback. The outcomes produced for the assessment of dance practice in UK higher education institutions are largely ephemeral and embodied; therefore representations of these outcomes are captured though film, discussion and writing to support students’ reflection and personal development
of dance practice. However, these representations are unable to capture students’ embodied reflections and experience in their entirety in the context of a conventional, hierarchical position of the lecturer’s subjectivity. Phenomenological hermeneutics is concerned with understanding
the process of interpretation and therefore provides an appropriate philosophical framework with which to reconsider the experience of learning dance in higher education as an embodied practice. Philosophical notions of dialectic interchange and temporal distance enable lecturers and students
to reconsider their relationship with the ephemeral and embodied assessment outcomes of dance practice in a UK University. Assessed embodied dance practice can then be positioned outside of a subject–object interpretation that is unable to relate to the self that produces the work. The
conclusion of the article is that engagement with a variety of dialectic interchange and temporal distance enables lecturers to provide a framework for students to reflect on and develop their embodied practice, approach to learning and knowledge of themselves. This can be achieved by the
techniques of questioning and disclosure offered through phenomenological hermeneutics.
Touch: Experience and knowledge
Authors: Bannon Fiona , Holt Duncan
Published: May 2012

This article explores experiences of touch as an embodied form of social interaction and a contributory feature in the generation of knowledge in dance. Touch has a complex and somewhat problematic position in knowledge formation; prized as the parent of the senses and yet increasingly
marginalized for its association with pain and abuse causing it to be perceived as unwelcome and in some cases prohibited. This article is the first stage of a larger programme of research that aims to explore what it is to come to ‘know’ and to identify what is known through touch
in dance. The intention is to critically engage with an empathetic transmission of information as an integral feature of dance performer training, education and well-being. The discussion necessarily highlights the ethical interconnections that exist in learning, from a mingling of ‘inside’
and ‘outside’ experiences that inform our understandings of identity, authority, role and difference.
F. Matthias Alexander and Mabel Elsworth Todd: Proximities, practices and the psycho-physical
Authors: Huxley Michael
Published: May 2012

Proximities in the work of F. Matthias Alexander and Mabel Elsworth Todd are examined for the first time. There are close geographical proximities in their location and to those in their respective circles during the period 1914–1937. Both Alexander and Todd drew on ideas prevalent
at the turn of the twentieth century. There are historical proximities based around the intellectual hub of New York City, notably to the philosopher John Dewey, the historian James Harvey Robinson and the pioneer dance educationalist Margaret H’Doubler. Alexander’s and Todd’s
ideas and practices are considered in their time from a starting point of the idea of the ‘psycho-physical’, a term used by these practitioners in their writings. They both used it to try and speak about the self in a new way, and what they proposed had major ramifications. The
article concludes by suggesting that we might reconsider how we think of dancers and dance students in the light of this historical reconsideration of Alexander’s and Todd’s ideas.
REVIEW
Authors: Hudson Polly
Published: May 2012

NINE WAYS OF SEEING A BODY, SANDRA REEVE (2011) 1st ed., Axminster: Triarchy Press, 72 pp., ISBN: 978-1-908009-32-6, p/bk, £12.50
An investigation into facilitating the work of the independent contemporary dancer through somatic psychology
Authors: Rouhiainen Leena
Published: May 2012

This article presents an ongoing artistic research project that constructs a somatic approach on the basis of character analytic body psychotherapy to support independent contemporary dancers in working with what is here termed performative choreography. In this framework, dancers work
with collaborative forms of immediate performance, and are required to possess heightened sensory, perceptual, reflexive and interactional skills. The article links the evolving somatic approach to the context of proto-performance, underlining that somatic work, which transforms the embodiment
of the dancer, is already a starting point for performance. At least in this sense there is no clear distinction between artistic process and artwork. It is suggested that character analytic body psychotherapy shares interests with performative choreography as it fosters personal and interactive
skills that support the regulation of the reactions and actions of an individual in the actuality of the here and now. Therefore, it might likewise enhance dancers’ ability to embody current trends in contemporary dance. Finally, the article discusses some initial steps in applying this
form of body psychotherapy to artistic practice.
Disorientation and emergent subjectivity: The political potentiality of embodied encounter
Authors: Brown Natalie Garrett
Published: May 2012

Located in philosophical enquiry, this article considers ways to theorize and articulate the political significance of embodied encounter with the environment. Underlying this discussion is an interrogation of the relationship between presence, embodiment and intersubjectivity, with
specific reference to Fisher-Lichte’s proposition of ‘the radical concept of presence’. In doing so, an affinity is proposed between Deleuzian inflected corporeal feminism principally through the work of Rosi Braidotti and Elizabeth Grosz, and somatic-informed movement practice
in the environment. It is suggested that both offer a critique of the ‘mind/body’ dualism implicit within humanist understandings of subjectivity. Accordingly, each can be argued to recast subjectivity as an always embodied activity, an inter-corporeal exchange between ‘self’,
recast as shifting and multiple, and ‘otherness’. In arguing this point, the article proposes an alternative model of the audience – performer relationship theorized around notions of witness and transformation. Noting the political dimensions of this for issues of difference
in performance, the article seeks to elucidate the extent to which existing approaches to performance studies, or that which Melrose terms ‘expert writerly registers’, themselves rooted in a disembodied spectatorship, arguably lack the apparatus to accommodate such understandings.
Putting research into use: A market failure approach
Authors: Clark Norman , Frost Andy , Maudlin Ian , Seward Paul , Wainwright Henry , Ward Andrew
Published: May 2012

This article explores innovation and technology development aid targeted at the African rural poor but often failing to deliver benefit. Using five cases of UK bilateral aid (current and historic) it suggests the prime importance of securing continuous knowledge interaction across the
whole of the relevant value chain, combined with the need for institutional reform of science policy in this field. The article's approach emphasizes the underlying problem as an inherent tendency to failure in knowledge markets combined with often unsuitable institutional contexts.
Are international market demands compatible with domestic social needs? Challenges in strengthening innovation capacity in kenya's horticulture industry
Authors: Steglich Mirjam , Keskin Ekin , Hall Andy , Dijkman Jeroen
Published: May 2012

Agrifood stakeholders across the world are under ever-increasing pressure with globalization and new market demands – together with changing quality and safety requirements. The ability to respond to new challenges and opportunities is important not just for producers, but also
for industries in developing countries. This article explores the horticulture sector of Kenya in order to gain a better understanding of what has most significantly contributed to its success in terms of innovation response capacity. This article presents what is entailed in 'innovation response
capacity', especially for natural resource-based industries in a developing country context. It will also provide an analytical framework that draws elements from agricultural innovation capacity and the innovation systems framework. This is provided through case study research conducted in
Kenya by exploring a prominent horticultural enterprise, HomeGrown Ltd. The article concludes that an important element of success in this case was the formation of a range of linkages that enabled a systemic sector response to challenges rather than isolated actions of individual players.
Bridling Central Tyranny in India
Authors: Sadanandan Anoop
Published: May 2012

Successive national governments in India have invoked an emergency constitutional provision to impose direct central rule in states over 100 times since 1950. However, such central government usurpation of state governance has declined since the mid-1990s. This essay demonstrates how India's regional parties, by entering into opportunistic alliances with national parties and joining coalition central governments, have become effective barriers against central dominance. It also identifies the specific dynamics through which this effective veto power is exercised.
The “Right” Kind of Welfare in South India's Urban Slums
Authors: Chidambaram Soundarya
Published: May 2012

This article examines the appeal of Hindu right-wing social service organizations, which try to use welfare provisions to entrench themselves in urban slums across India. However, in South India, their welfare provision is not as successful in Tamil Nadu as in Karnataka. I explain this spatial variation by arguing that these communal organizations fail to entrench themselves in those slums where preexisting civic associations closely linked to party officials and local administrators function as efficient patronage networks, providing welfare needs to the urban poor and reducing the need for non-state actors such as right-wing groups.
The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same in India
Authors: Kailash K. K.
Published: May 2012

This paper examines “no opinion” and “don't know” responses in the National Election Study 2004. Comparing responses on social and political questions, it finds that the marginalized sectors of society are more likely to be socially opinionated than to express substantive political opinions. This paradox might explain why the so-called “democratic upsurge” did not produce radical political transformation in India.
Political Society, Civil Society, and the State in India
Authors: Elliott Carolyn
Published: May 2012

This article is an ethnography portraying the processual and performative dimensions of the 2009 state assembly election in Andhra Pradesh. It shows how upper castes have persisted in power in a multicaste and increasingly democratic society through the distribution of welfare and patronage benefits to more marginalized segments of society. Conceptually, it argues for the importance of “political society” over “civil society,” when examining state-society relations in neoliberal, democratic India.
Political Quotas in India
Authors: Jensenius Francesca Refsum
Published: May 2012

India has had political quotas for Scheduled Castes (SCs) since 1950. Using the 2004 National Election Study, this paper finds that neither SCs nor non-SCs feel that their vote is more/less efficacious living in SC constituencies. Yet, some evidence is found in this study that SCs are approached for their vote more often in SC constituencies. Overall, this suggests that quotas are neither associated with a strong positive reaction among SC voters nor a strong negative reaction among non-SC voters.
The Caste-Class Association in India
Authors: Vaid Divya
Published: May 2012

This paper empirically analyzes the association between caste and class in India. I find a tentative congruence between castes and classes at the extremes of the caste system and a slight weakening in this association over time. Although Scheduled Castes have low upward mobility, higher castes are not entirely protected from downward mobility.
Coexistence in tropical forests through asynchronous variation in annual seed production
Authors: Usinowicz Jacob , Wright S. Joseph , Ives Anthony R.
Published: May 2012

The storage effect is a mechanism that can facilitate the coexistence of competing species through temporal fluctuations in reproductive output. Numerous natural systems have the prerequisites for the storage effect, yet it has rarely been quantitatively assessed. Here, we investigate the possible importance of the storage effect in explaining the coexistence of tree species in the diverse tropical forest on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. This tropical forest has been monitored for more than 20 years, and annual seed production is asynchronous among species, a primary requirement for the storage effect. We constructed a model of forest regeneration that includes species‐specific recruitment through seed, sapling, and adult stages, and we parameterized the model using data for 28 species for which information is known about seedling germination and survival. Simulations of the model demonstrated that the storage effect alone can be a strong mechanism allowing long‐term persistence of species. We also developed a metric to quantify the strength of the storage effect in a way comparable to classical resource partitioning. Applying this metric to seed production data from 108 species, the storage effect reduces the strength of pairwise interspecific competition to 11–43% of the strength of intraspecific competition, thereby demonstrating strong potential to facilitate coexistence. Finally, for a subset of 51 species whose phylogenetic relationships are known, we compared the strength of the storage effect between pairs of species to their phylogenetic similarity. The strength of the storage effect between closely related species was on average no different from distantly related species, implying that the storage effect can be important in promoting the coexistence of even closely related species.
Fuel treatment impacts on estimated wildfire carbon loss from forests in Montana, Oregon, California, and Arizona
Authors: Stephens Scott L. , Boerner Ralph E. J. , Moghaddas Jason J. , Moghaddas Emily E. Y. , Collins Brandon M. , Dow Christopher B. , Edminster Carl , Fiedler Carl E. , Fry Danny L. , Hartsough Bruce R. , Keeley Jon E. , Knapp Eric E. , McIver James D. , Skinner Carl N. , Youngblood Andrew
Published: May 2012

Using forests to sequester carbon in response to anthropogenically induced climate change is being considered across the globe. A recent U.S. executive order mandated that all federal agencies account for sequestration and emissions of greenhouse gases, highlighting the importance of understanding how forest carbon stocks are influenced by wildfire. This paper reports the effects of the most common forest fuel reduction treatments on carbon pools composed of live and dead biomass as well as potential wildfire emissions from six different sites in four western U.S. states. Additionally, we predict the median forest product life spans and uses of materials removed during mechanical treatments. Carbon loss from modeled wildfire‐induced tree mortality was lowest in the mechanical plus prescribed fire treatments, followed by the prescribed fire‐only treatments. Wildfire emissions varied from 10–80 Mg/ha and were lowest in the prescribed fire and mechanical followed by prescribed fire treatments at most sites. Mean biomass removals per site ranged from approximately 30–60 dry Mg/ha; the median lives of products in first use varied considerably (from <10 to >50 years). Our research suggests most of the benefits of increased fire resistance can be achieved with relatively small reductions in current carbon stocks. Retaining or growing larger trees also reduced the vulnerability of carbon loss from wildfire. In addition, modeled vulnerabilities to carbon losses and median forest product life spans varied considerably across our study sites, which could be used to help prioritize treatment implementation.
Synthesis of 2-azetidinones substituted coumarin derivative
Authors: Mashelkar Uday , Jha Mukesh , Mashelkar Beena
Published: May 2012

?-Naphthol is converted into 4-methylbenzo[h]chromen-2-one by reacting with
ethyl acetoacetate in the presence of bismuth trichloride which is then
oxidized to 2-oxo-2H-benzo[h]chromene-4-carbaldehyde and then condensed with
aromatic primary amines to give Schiff bases (3a-3d). These Schiff bases are
then reacted with acid chlorides in the presence of base in toluene to give
1, 3, 4-substituted 2-azetidinones.
Characterization of sirodesmins isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Leptosphaeria maculans
Authors: Mitrovic Petar , Orcic Dejan , Sakac Zvonimir , Marjanovic-Jeromela Ana , Grahovac Nada , Milosevic Drago , Marisavljevic Dragana
Published: May 2012

Pathogenicity of phytopathogenic fungi is accociated with phytotoxins,
especially with their chemical nature and quantity. Sirodesmins are
phytotoxins from epipolythiodioxopiperazines group, produced by fungi
Leptosphaeria maculans that is a cause of blackleg and stem canker in oilseed
rape (Brassica napus L.). The aim of this work was to obtain a detailed
chemical profile of sirodesmins in five fungal isolates (four from Vojvodina
and one from UK). Sirodesmins showing different phytotoxicity on treated
cotyledons of cv. Quinta were separated and detected by thin layer
chromatography in all analysed isolates (L.m, C-3, St-5, S-11) except K-113,
which did not contain sirodesmin congeners nor exhibited activity. By use of
high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometer,
it was possible to identify total of 10 sirodesmins, together with their
precursor - phomamide. It was found that dominant epipolythiodioxopiperazines
of investigated L. maculans isolates were sirodesmin PL, sirodesmin C, and
their deacetylated derivatives.
Nickamine: A General Catalyst for Cross Coupling of Alkyl Halides and Direct Alkylation
Authors: Hu Xile
Published: May 2012

A nickel pincer complex, Nickamine, is shown to be an active catalyst for a large number of reactions including cross coupling of non-activated alkyl halides and direct C–H alkylation of alkynes and aromatic heterocycles. This work was rewarded by the 2011 Werner Prize from the Swiss Chemical Society.
Molecular Rotors Image Intracellular Viscosity
Authors: Kuimova Marina K.
Published: May 2012

This review describes a new method for quantitative measurement and spatial imaging of microviscosity within individual domains of live cells. The method is based on fluorescence detection from small synthetic molecules termed 'molecular rotors', which are characterised by a strong response of fluorescence lifetimes or spectra to the viscosity of their immediate environment. We have demonstrated that the quantitative determination of viscosity is possible using lifetime-based molecular rotors and ratiometric molecular rotors. The ratiometric imaging of viscosity benefits from a very fast signal acquisition. We have illustrated this advantage by monitoring changes in intracellular viscosity during photodynamic therapy, which is a clinically utilised modality for the treatment of neoplastic disease.
Metal Template Synthesis of Molecular Knots and Links
Authors: Beves Jonathon E.
Published: May 2012

The use of metal ions as templates to direct the assembly of complex architectures and topologies is briefly reviewed, highlighting milestones in the field from [2]catenanes, through to trefoil knots, Solomon links, Borromean rings and most recently to a molecular pentafoil knot.
Excited State Dynamics with Quantum Trajectories
Authors: Curchod Basile F. E. , Rothlisberger Ursula , Tavernelli Ivano
Published: May 2012

Nuclear quantum dynamics beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation is performed using quantum trajectories. Withintheadiabaticrepresentationoftheelectronicstates, NABDY(NonAdiabaticBohmianDYnamics) is used in combination with DFT and LR-TDDFT to perform on-the-fly nonadiabatic quantum
dynamics. Simple numerical test systems and current limitations of the method are discussed.
Speed Limits for Acid–Base Chemistry in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Donten Mateusz L. , VandeVondele Joost , Hamm Peter
Published: May 2012

Proton transfer reactions, including acid–base recombination, are commonly considered to occur 'nearly instantaneously'. However, their actual time scales may stretch far into the microsecond range, as acid–base reactions are diffusion controlled and the concentrations are
low near neutral pH. The interplay of competing bases in the pH relaxation is illustrated using a model acid–base system consisting of o-nitrobenzaldehyde (oNBA) as a proton cage and acetate ions and hydroxyl ions as bases. The kinetically controlled behavior leads to highly
counterintuitive states, i.e. acetate ions are transiently protonated for hundreds of nanoseconds despite the presence of a much stronger base OH–.
Influence of Solutes on Hydration and Lubricity of Dextran Brushes
Authors: Goren Tolga , Crockett Rowena , Spencer Nicholas D.
Published: May 2012

The characteristic lubricity and non-fouling behavior of polymer brushes is critically dependent on the solvation of the polymer chains, as well as the chain–chain interactions. Dextran brushes have shown promise as non-toxic aqueous lubricant films, and are similar in composition
to natural lubricating systems, while their comparative simplicity allows for controlled preparation and fine characterization. This project entails measuring the solvation and lubricity of dextran brushes in the presence of additives which modify the inter-chain hydrogen bonding. The thickness
and refractive index of the film were measured during adsorption of the brush layer onto a silica substrate and the subsequent immersion in solutions of potassium sulfate and ?, ?-trehalose. We also studied the lubricity of the system as a function of normal loading using colloidal-probe
AFM. Both solutes are shown to have a minimal effect on the hydration of the brush while significantly reducing the brush lubricity, indicating that inter-chain hydrogen bonding supports the load-bearing capacity of polysaccharide brushes.
Heteroatom Nucleophile Induced C–C Fragmentations to Access Functionalized Allenes
Authors: Saget Tanguy , Cramer Nicolai
Published: May 2012

The rich structural and reactivity profile of allenes render them versatile synthetic intermediates. However, application of allenes in organic chemistry is often attenuated by inconvenient methods of preparation. Herein we present an operationally simple route to functionalized allenes
from vinyl triflate precursors through a Grob-type fragmentation induced by heteroatom nucleophiles such as water, alcohols, thiols or amines. The fragmentation occurs under mild conditions and is well suited for one-pot or domino processes allowing access to a range of synthetically useful
intermediates.
Dynamical Processes in Rydberg-Stark Deceleration and Trapping of Atoms and Molecules
Authors: Seiler Christian , Hogan Stephen D. , Merkt Frédéric
Published: May 2012

The interaction between inhomogeneous electric fields and the large electric dipole moments of atoms and molecules in Rydberg states of high principal quantum number can be used to efficiently accelerate and decelerate atoms and molecules in the gas phase. We describe here how hydrogen
atoms and molecules initially moving with velocities of ?600 m/s in supersonic beams can be decelerated to zero velocity and loaded into electric traps. The long observation times that are made possible by the electrostatic trapping enables one to study slow relaxation processes. Experiments
are presented in which we have observed photoionization processes and transitions between Rydberg states induced by blackbody radiation at temperatures between 10 K and 300 K on a time scale of several milliseconds. Comparison of these processes in Rydberg states of H and H2 suggests
the importance, in H2, of collisional processes and of the process of blackbody-radiation-induced predissociation.
Exploring Forces between Individual Colloidal Particles with the Atomic Force Microscope
Authors: Sinha Prashant , Popa Ionel , Finessi Marco , Ruiz-Cabello Francisco J.M. , Szilágyi István , Maroni Plinio , Borkovec Michal
Published: May 2012

Forces between individual colloidal particles can be measured with the atomic force microscope (AFM), and this technique permits the study of interactions between surfaces across aqueous solutions in great detail. The most relevant forces are described by the Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey,
and Overbeek (DLVO) theory, and they include electrostatic double-layer and van der Waals forces. In symmetric systems, the electrostatic forces are repulsive and depend strongly on the type and concentration of the salts present, while van der Waals forces are always attractive. In asymmetric
systems, the electrostatic force can become attractive as well, even when involving neutral surfaces, while in rare situations van der Waals forces can become repulsive too. The enormous sensitivity of the double layer forces on additives present is illustrated with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes,
which may induce attractions or repulsions depending on their concentrations.
Biocompatible Polymer Nanoparticles for Intra-cellular Applications
Authors: Johansson Emma M. V. , Bradley Mark
Published: May 2012

Polymeric styrene microspheres have a great potential at the interface of chemistry and biology. The progress of the synthetic development of multifunctional microspheres and their use as delivery agents of different biomolecules into cells is discussed. Their multifunctional properties open a wide range of applications from intracellular real-time sensors, to the use of microspheres as catalysts performing exogenous chemistry within cells.