bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Struve in Emigration about History and Historical Knowledge
Authors:   Russian State University I. Kant (Kaliningrad), Povilaitis V.I.
Published: October 2023

Article is devoted philosophy of history of Peter Struve. Ideas of the Russian thinker are analyzed in a context of philosophy of Russian abroad. Problems of the philosophical bases of history and a historical science are analyzed. Publicistic («The Diary Of The Politician» 1925−1935) and philosophical works of Struve in emigration аre considered.
Metodological Status of the «Other»: Psychological Discurs
Authors:   Saratov State University, Ryaguzova Ye.V.
Published: October 2023

The paper reports outcomes of a theoretical reflection of concept Other with the purpose to define methodological opportunities of this concept The paper alleges that the space of interactions of Self and Other can be represented by 3 dimensions, which construct sociopsychological, socio-cultural and existencio-cultural surfaces.
Effect of Supplementation with Concentrate and Groundnut Haulm in Diets on milk yield of Dairy Azawak cows
Authors: Ousseini Moumouni , Baba Muhammed , Idrissa Soumana , Inusa Karkarna Saleh , Dar Keiba , Allassane Idrissa
Published: October 2023

An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of feeding diet containing concentrate and graded level of groundnut haulms (GH) on the milk yield of Azawak cattle. Five concentrate-groundnut mixed diets were formulated to contain on average 15% crude protein. The ratio concentrate to groundnut was 100:0; 67:33, 50; 50, 33:67 and 0:100 respectively. Twenty Azawak multiparous lactating cow aged 5-6 years and averagely weighing 317-320 kg were randomly divided into five groups of four animals each and were allotted to the five experimental diets in a randomized complete block design. Data were collected for Dry Matter Intake (DMI), Average Daily Intake (ADI), Average Daily Weight Gain (ADWG), Total Milk Yield, Average Milk yield and Feed conversion efficiency in milk (FCEM) throughout the three months experimental period. Results indicated that the average daily weight gain was higher on diet containing 50% inclusion of groundnut haulm in concentrate diet fed to Azawak cattle. The DMI by cattle was significantly (P˂0.05) higher on diet containing 67 and 100% groundnut haulm. The ADWG of lactating cows fed concentrate mixture was significantly higher on diet containing 33 and 50% inclusion levels but the feed conversion ratio was significantly higher at 50% level of groundnut haulm inclusion level. The total milk yield, average daily milk yield, the body score condition and the feed conversion efficiency in milk were not affected by the level of Groundnut haulms in the concentrate diets, but the highest values of these parameters were obtained at 50% inclusion level. It can be recommended that concentrate diet for Azawak cattle should be supplemented with 50% legume haulm for, better body score condition, feed conversion, feed conversion efficiency of milk and enhanced milk production during the long dry season.
Reduction of Heavy Metal (Pb) ions in industrial waste using activated carbon based on used catalysts
Authors: Herawati Netty , Ummi Kalsum Rifdah, , Miftakhul Muthiah Nyayu
Published: October 2023

Used catalyst-based activated carbon is activated carbon made from used catalysts from the crude oil cracking process. The used catalyst used is a type of crystalline Zeolite with a regular structure, which contains elements of Silica Oxide, Alumina Oxide, and Calcium Oxide. The use of organic activated carbon to treat waste has been widely used, the use of used catalyst waste as activated carbon is very potential because the catalyst used for oil company cracking is no longer used. Tofu industry is one of Indonesia's industries dominated by small-scale businesses with limited capital, so most tofu industries do not have waste treatment units, where liquid waste is directly discharged into sewers or water bodies without treatment first. Tofu industrial waste contains pollutants both organic and inorganic. Initial analysis of tofu industry liquid waste containing Pb metal. This study aims to determine the effect of mass variation and stirring time of used catalyst-based activated carbon adsorbent on reducing Heavy Metal Ions (Pb) in tofu industry liquid waste. The adsorption process is carried out with mass variations of activated carbon of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 grams. Stirring time variations are 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes. From the results of the study, it is known that the best condition for reducing Pb content was obtained at a stirring time of 60 minutes and a large catalyst-based activated carbon mass of 66.33%
How to Achieve Profit Growth by Optimizing Operational Resources Based on Total Efficiency in Food and Beverage Companies in Indonesia
Authors: Suwardi  , Wibowo Kartiko Adi , Annisa Auliyana Yanuar
Published: October 2023

This study aims to analyze resource optimization on the basis of total efficiency in achieving profit growth in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. Detailed investigations are empirically focused on external financing strategies and the effectiveness of asset management oriented on the basis of total efficiency to achieve profit growth.

This study uses a quantitative approach to the explanation of intermediation regression. With a total sample of 12 manufacturing companies in the national food and beverage sector for five years. Financial data analysis methods include descriptive analysis and inferential analysis.

The results of this study indicate that Profit Growth can only be significantly affected by Total Efficiency. Leverage is not able to significantly influence Total Efficiency, while Asset Management is able to significantly influence Total Efficiency. Intervening variable Total Efficiency is not able to mediate the relationship between Leverage on Profit Growth and Asset Management on Profit Growth.
Viability, Migration Rate, and mRNA Expression of GLUT5, GLUT7, GLUT11 in WiDr Colorectal Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Hidayah Nurul , Yustisia Ika , Natzir Rosdiana , Hafiyani Lia , Ilhamuddin Ilhamuddin , Aswad Hijral , Hardjo Marhaen
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND: Insufficient glucose levels in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients leads to a condition where fructose might become an alternative source for cells proliferation, but the role of fructose or fructose-glucose combinations in development of CRC has not been elucidated well. In this study, the effect of fructose-glucose variations on viability, migration, and glucose transporter (GLUT)5, GLUT7, GLUT11 mRNA expressions in WiDr CRC cell line were examined.METHODS: Cells were treated with varying ratios of fructose-glucose (F100%; F75%:G25%; F50%:G50%; F25%:G75%; G100%; F: Fructose, G: Glucose). Untreated cells (F0:G0) were used as cell control. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used for cell viability test, scratch assay was used to examine the cell migration, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to examine mRNA expressions. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed with Tukey's post-hoc test, with p<0.05 consideres as significant.RESULTS: Fructose-glucose combinations and glucose 100% significantly increased the cell viability compared to control (p<0.05). All treatment groups showed a significant increase in cell migration compared to control (p=0.000). Only GLUT7 and GLUT11 expressions in the G100% group were significantly different compared to the control (p=0.000). GLUT7 and GLUT11 expressions were also significantly different in F100% and F50%:G50% treatments compared to G100% (p=0.000).CONCLUSION: Taken together, fructose might play important role in cell migration. However, in cell viability, combination with glucose could increase fructose's effect. Fructose might not affect the mRNA expressions of GLUT5, GLUT7 and GLUT11.KEYWORDS: GLUT5, GLUT7, GLUT11, fructose transporter, colorectal cancer, WiDr
Elevated Levels of Urinary Podocyte-Derived Microparticles in Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Hidayati Eka Laksmi , Supriyatno Bambang , Pardede Sudung Oloan , Trihono Partini Pudjiastuti , Sukmawati Dewi , Wulandari Dewi , Ramayani Oke Rina
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is the most common glomerular disease in childhood. The proposed hypothesis for the pathogenesis of this disease has changed over time, from immune dysregulation theory and systemic circulating factors theory, to the growing recognition of podocytopathies’ role. The existance of podocytopathies is usually examined by using podocyte-derived microparticles (MPs), such as nephrin, podocin, and podocalyxin (PCX). Therefore in this study, the difference between nephrin, podocin, and PCX expressions in NS children and healthy children was investigated.METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 33 children with NS and 22 age-matched healthy children as controls. Urine samples were collected from each subject in the early morning, before being processed and incubated with antibodies to detect nephrin, podocin, and PCX. The processed samples were then analyzed with flow cytometer methods.RESULTS: NS subjects had significantly higher expression of all three urinary podocyte-derived MPs compared to the control subjetcs. Nephrin, podocin, and PCX showed good discrimination in NS subjects with the area under curve (AUC) of 0.895, 0.849, and 0.728, respectively.CONCLUSION: This study revealed the differential expression of podocyte proteins in NS subjects compared to healthy controls. This supports the role of podocytopathies in the pathogenesis of NS. Therefore, nephrin, podocin, and PCX might have potentials to be future non-invasive diagnostic tools in glomerular disease.KEYWORDS: nephrin, nephrotic syndrome, podocalyxin, podocin, podocyte, urinary microparticle
The effect of anti-nerve growth factor monoclonal antibodies on the clinical signs of degenerative joint disease in cats
Authors: Seeley Lydia
Published: October 2023

PICO Question
Are felinised anti-nerve growth factor monoclonal antibodies (frunevetmab) effective at reducing the clinical signs of pain and immobility in cats with degenerative joint disease when compared with no treatment?
 
Clinical bottom line
Category of research
Treatment.
 
Number and type of study designs reviewed
Three peer-reviewed randomised controlled trial treatment studies, two of which were pilot studies.
 
Strength of evidence
Moderate.
 
Outcomes reported
All three studies concluded that there was a statistical reduction in pain and an improvement in mobility in the groups administered frunevetmab, when compared to the groups administered the placebo.
 
Conclusion
There is moderate evidence suggesting that the administration of frunevetmab by injection led to a reduction in pain and an increase in mobility. Injections were given at day 0; day 0 and 28, or day 0, 28 and 56 depending on the study. Further research should be conducted to ensure repeatability, involving more objectively measured outcomes to reduce the reliance on subjective measures which are more likely to have associated bias.
 
How to apply this evidence in practice
The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.
Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
Die Geheime Staatspolizei im NS-Gau Mainfranken 1933-1945
Authors: Winkler Andreas Heinrich
Published: October 2023

Diese Abhandlung befasst sich mit der Geschichte der Geheimen Staatspolizei im NS-Gau Mainfranken. Nach der Machtübernahme Adolf Hitlers übernahmen die Nationalsozialisten die Kontrolle über die Polizei in Bayern. Sie spalteten die Politische Abteilung der Würzburger Polizeidirektion in eine eigene Einheit – die Bayerische Politische Polizei – ab. Im Jahr 1936 übertrug Hitler die Kontrolle über die gesamte deutsche Polizei Himmler. Die Bayerische Politische Polizei in Würzburg wurde als Geheime Staatspolizei Staatspolizeistelle Würzburg Teil der Gestapo. Im Sommer 1941 wurde die Staatspolizeistelle Würzburg in eine Außendienststelle der Staatspolizeistelle Nürnberg-Fürth umgewandelt. Es werden die personellen und organisatorischen Strukturen durchleuchtet. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, wer die Leute waren, welche bei der Gestapo arbeiteten und in welchen Bereichen diese eingesetzt wurden. Des Weiteren wird die Arbeitsweise der Gestapo anhand von verschiedenen Beispielen analysiert: Kommunisten und jüdische Mitbürger wurden bereits in der Frühphase verfolgt. Schon hier zeigte sich, dass die Gestapo nicht rechtsstaatlich arbeitete. Mit Hilfe von Drohungen und Gewalt wurden Geständnisse erpresst. Während des Zweiten Weltkriegs wurden viele Mitarbeiter zeitweise zu Einsatzgruppen oder Dienststellen in den besetzten Gebieten abgeordnet. Die wichtigsten Quellen für diesen Themenkomplex waren die Akten der Staatsanwaltschaften Schweinfurt, Würzburg und Nürnberg-Fürth, welche nach dem Krieg Ermittlungen gegen einige Mitarbeiter wegen verschiedenster Verbrechen einleiteten. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt dieser Abhandlung lag auf dem Umgang der Gestapo mit den Zwangsarbeitern in der Schweinfurter Kugellagerindustrie. Die Gestapo war für deren Überwachung und Bestrafung zuständig. Es wird aufgezeigt, welche Strafen es gab und wie erfolgreich die Gestapo bei der Durchsetzung dieser Strafen war. Zu diesem Zweck wurden hauptsächlich Personenakten der Staatspolizeistelle Würzburg über Zwangsarbeiter aus der Schweinfurter Kugellagerindustrie ausgewertet. Die Gestapo führte Akten über alle Personen, die staatspolizeilich in Erscheinung getreten waren. In diesen Akten wurde der gesamte Verlauf der Ermittlungen protokolliert.
As contribuições filosóficas de Marx para a construção da dialética e para a Filosofia
Authors: Souza André Luiz Alvarenga de , Anache Alexandra Ayach , Maciel Carina Elisabeth
Published: October 2023

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a teoria dialética de Karl Marx, evidenciando suas contribuições para a filosofia. Por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, que visa descrever as principais teorias sobre o assunto, será apresentado ao leitor que o ponto de partida para o pensamento de Marx é uma crítica a toda filosofia hegeliana, sendo a partir do confronto de ideias com o Filosofo Hegel e da esquerda hegeliana, que Marx vai construir as bases para o seu pensamento filosófico. Sua teoria que posteriormente seria chamada de materialismo histórico dialético pelos seus interpretes, seria uma síntese da dialética hegeliana e do materialismo de Feuerbach, sendo concebida como um conjunto de leis que explicam a evolução da natureza como uma relação determinada por elementos da economia, sociedade e história. Essa idéia utópica compartilhada por Marx, Engels e seus sucessores foi refutada por desenvolvimentos subsequentes da filosofia. De fato, a filosofia, por sua própria natureza, é pluralista e interminável.
Filosofia na busca pelo dialogo
Authors: Gabioneta Robson
Published: October 2023

Neste artigo, a partir de uma noção ampliada de diálogo, pretendemos sugerir algumas reflexões para que juntos possamos encontrar ações pertinentes para o momento em que vivemos, o isolamento social devido a pandemia do coronavírus. Inicialmente trabalharemos com quatro categorias: o diálogo consigo mesmo, o diálogo com as plantas, o diálogo com a história e o diálogo com os ancestrais. O artigo tem a pretensão de contribuir com as disciplinas de Filosofia e Sociologia no Ensino Médio, em diálogo com a comunidade escolar.
An Adaptive Learning Approach for Tropical Cyclone Intensity Correction
Authors: Chen Rui , Toumi Ralf , Shi Xinjie , Wang Xiang , Duan Yao , Zhang Weimin
Published: October 2023

Tropical cyclones (TC) are dangerous weather events and accurate monitoring and forecasting can provide significant early warning to reduce loss of life and property. However, the study of tropical cyclone intensity remains challenging, both in terms of theory and forecasting. ERA5 reanalysis is benchmark data set for tropical cyclone studies, yet the maximum wind speed error is very large (68 kts) and still 19 kts after simple linear correction even in the better sampled North Atlantic. Here, we develop an adaptive learning approach to correct the intensity in the ERA5 reanalysis, by optimising the inputs to overcome the problems because of the poor data quality and updating the features to improve the generalisability of the deep learning-based model. Specifically, we use TC knowledge to increase the representativeness of the inputs so that the general features can be learned with deep neural networks in the sample space, and then use domain adaptation to update the general features from the known domain with historical storms to the specific features for the unknown domain of new storms. This approach can reduce the error to only 6 kts which is within the uncertainty of the best track data in IBTrACS in the North Atlantic. The method may have wide applicability, such as extending it to the correction of intensity estimation from satellite imagery and intensity prediction from dynamical models.
Eğitimde Değer Sorunu ve Çocuklar İçin Felsefe Pedagojisinin Etik Yeteneklerin Gelişimindeki Rolü
Authors: KOCAMAN Ayşe Çiğdem
Published: October 2023

İnsan için bir varlık koşulu olan eğitimin felsefi açıdan amacı, genç kuşakları insanca yaşamaya hazırlamaktır. Böylesi bir hazırlık, çocukların/gençlerin, olan bitenlere değer bilgisiyle bakabilmelerini, bağımsız düşünebilmelerini, doğru değerlendirmeler yapabilmelerini sağlamayı, etik değerlere uygun bir yaşam sürdürmelerine yardımcı olmayı içermektedir. Bu bağlamda eğitimden, çocukların etik yeteneklerini, yani kişisel olanaklarını değer bilgisiyle besleyerek geliştirebilmelerine, ileride kendileriyle barışık, sorumlu bir kişi olmalarına rehberlik etmesi beklenmektedir. Dolayısıyla etik disiplinin önemli kavramlarından olan değer ve değerler ile eğitim arasında sıkı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Nitekim eğitim bilimlerinde eğitim, öğrencilere bilgi, beceri kazandırmanın yanında değerler aktarma süreci olarak tanımlanmakta, müfredatta değerler eğitimine yer verilmektedir. Fakat değerler eğitimiyle ilgili çalışmaları, özellikle ülkemizdeki uygulamaları incelediğimizde, değer, değerler ve değer yargılarının sıklıkla birbirine karıştırıldığını, değerler adı altında değer yargılarının öğretildiğini, değerler eğitiminin felsefeden, etik değer bilgisinden kopuk bir şekilde ele alındığını görmekteyiz. Bu durum, çocukların/gençlerin değer bilgisi edinmelerini, etik yeteneklerinin gelişmesini güçleştirmektedir. Oysa değer bilgisi kazanmak, değerler eğitimini, değer ve değerler kavramlarının açık seçik bilgisinden hareketle felsefi temelde yürütmeyi gerektirmektedir. Çünkü kavramları bilgiyle temellendirmek, olan bitenleri düşündürmek, etik problemleri aydınlatmak felsefe eğitiminin işidir. Bu nedenle çocukların, değer koruyarak yaşamayı öğrenebilmeleri için değer yargılarına değil, etik değer ve değerlerin bilgisine dayanan felsefi bir eğitime ihtiyaçları vardır. Bu noktada Çocuklar İçin Felsefe, çocukların eleştirel bakış açısı edinme, değer yargılarını özgürce sorgulama, doğru değerlendirmeler yapma, değer koruyucu eylemde bulunma gibi felsefi düşünme becerisi gerektiren birtakım özellikleri kazanmaları, etik yeteneklerini geliştirebilmeleri bakımından önemli bir pedagoji olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, değer bilgisi kazanımı açısından değerler eğitimini felsefi temelde yürütmenin önemine dikkat çekilmekte, Çocuklar İçin Felsefe pedagojisinin etik yeteneklerin gelişimindeki rolü ele alınmaktadır. Çalışma, felsefi düşünme ediminin ve Çocuklar İçin Felsefe pedagojisinin etik boyutunu görünür kılmayı, çocuklarla yapılan felsefe eğitiminin değerini ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir.
Öğretmenlerin Çocuklar İçin Felsefe (P4C) Eğitiminde Yaşadığı Sorunlar
Authors: KODAZ ÖCAL Nurten , AYBEK Birsel
Published: October 2023

Çocuklar için felsefe üst düzey düşünme becerilerini geliştirme acısından önemli bir yaklaşım ve yöntemdir. Çocuklar için felsefeyi sınıflarında uygulayan öğretmenler, çocukların düşünme becerilerini geliştirdikleri, onları hayata hazırladığı, farklı fikirlere açık olmalarını sağladığı için felsefeyi önemli bulmakta ve öğrencilerinin gelecekte etkili bir vatandaş olmaları için bu uygulamaları sınıflarında yapmaktadırlar.

Öğretmenlerin çocuklar için felsefe uygulamalarına hazırlık ve uygulama aşamasında yaşadıkları sorunların belirlenmeye çalışıldığı bu çalışmaya farklı kademelerden 20 öğretmen katılmıştır. Nitel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı bu araştırmada öğretmenlerle görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş ve veriler içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir.

Araştırma sonucunda öğretmenlerin hazırlık aşamasında üst düzey düşünmeyi geliştirebilecek açık uçlu soruları hazırlama, uygun uyaran (hikaye, görsel, film vb.) ve tartışmaya konu olacak kavramı bulmada zorlandıkları görülmüştür. Öğretmenlerin okulların fiziki yapısı ile sınıfların kalabalık olmasından kaynaklı sorun yaşadıkları, çocuklar için felsefenin bir gereği olan çember düzenini oluşturamadıkları görülmüştür. Öğrencilerden kaynaklı ise ilgisiz olma, arkadaşlarını dinlememe, birbirlerinin fikirlerini sorgusuz kabul etme, motivasyon kaybı gibi durumlardan dolayı çocuklar için felsefe uygulamalarında sorunlar yaşadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Öğretmenler, bu sorunların başlangıçta yoğun olduğunu ancak zamanla sorunların üstesinden gelindiğini ifade etmişlerdir. Aynı zamanda öğretmenlerin öğretim programında Çocuklar için felsefeye uygun kazanım olmaması, öğretim programının bu tarz çalışmalara izin verecek esneklikte olmaması ve yoğun olması nedeniyle de sorunlar yaşadıkları belirlenmiştir. Çocuklar için felsefe öğrencilerin gelişimini desteklediği için bu uygulamalara yönelik eğitimleri Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’nın hizmet içi eğitim olarak vermesinin gerekli olduğu görülmüştür.
Platon’un Diyalektik Yürüyüşünün ve Nietzsche’nin Cambaz’ının Akıbetinin P4C Açısından Önemi: İnsan Geleceğine Yönelik Suikast Teşebbüsünü Önlemek
Authors: ORAL Kemal
Published: October 2023

Öz:Pek çok insan, açık veya örtük bir biçimde kendi düşüncelerini diğer insanlara zerk etmeyi arzu ettiği gibi, hakikatin mutlak bir merkezinin bulunduğunu ve bu merkeze kendi bilgi birikimlerinden gidileceğini iddia etmek suretiyle, entelektüel tahakkümü, dolayısıyla düşünmenin kendisini değil, nasıl ve neyin düşünülmesi gerektiğini örgütleyerek düşünme pratiğine saldırıda bulunurlar. Bu iddiadan hareketle, bu saldırılara karşı mukavemet göstermek veya diğer bir ifadeyle bağışıklık kazanmak, diyalektik yürüyüşün doğasına uygun bir biçimde yol almak ve aldatıcı unsurların ortadan kaldırılması ile birlikte salt düşünme ediminin kendisini egemen hâle getirmek gerekir. Platon’un diyalektik yürüyüşü ile varmak istediği noktanın veya amacın buna paralel olduğunu söylemek mümkün görünmektedir. Nietzsche’nin ise Zerdüşt metninde ortaya koyduğu Cambaz metaforu ve onun akıbetine yönelik vurgu, tekrarı arzulanmayan bir olaydır. Bu olayın tekrarlanmasının önüne geçebilmek için Nietzsche tarafından bizlere sunulan yöntem ‘’İyi Bir Cambaz’’ olmaktır. Söz konusu iyi cambaz, ipin üzerinde durabilen yani gerekli düşünme becerilerine ve taktiklere hakim olabilendir. P4C etkinliğinin varmak istediği menzilin de benzer olduğunu, söz konusu gerekli düşünme becerilerini ve taktiklerini benimsediği söylenebilir. Bu noktada, bu çalışmanın hem söz konusu ettiğimiz saldırıları ifşa etmeyi, hem bu saldırılara karşı mukavemet göstermeyi ve hem de bu saldırılara karşı Platon ve Nietzsche özelinde felsefe tarihinin geliştirebileceği stratejileri P4C etkinliğiyle ilişkilendirecek şekilde ortaya koymayı hedeflediğini söyleyebiliriz.
Lewis Carroll'ın “Alice Harikalar Diyarında” Eserinin P4C Çalışmaları Bağlamında Kullanım Olanağının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: POLAT Alper Elvan
Published: October 2023

Felsefe, çağlar boyunca insanın kendisine ve diğer varolanlara ilişkin sahip olduğu sonsuz merak duygusunun sonucu olarak sistemli bir düşünme biçimini ifade etmiştir. İlk Çağ'dan 20. yüzyıla değin filozoflar sürdürdükleri akıl yürütmelerle bir paradigma meydana getirmiş, bu paradigma çağların değişen koşulları ile sanat ve teknikteki ilerlemelerle sürekli büyümüştür. 20. yüzyıla gelindiğinde birçok yeni kavram felsefi zeminde kendine yer edinmiştir. Bu bağlamda çocuk felsefesi veya çocuklar için felsefe (P4C) de 20. yüzyılla kendine yeni bir felsefi zemin kazanan alanlardan biridir. Çocuklar için felsefenin kuramsallaşmasında Mathew Lipman bir öncü rolünü üstlenmiş ve P4C çalışmalarında belirli bir metot geliştirmiştir. Lipman'ın P4C çalışmaları için geliştirdiği metot çoğunlukla çocuk edebiyatı ürünlerinin kullanımını gerektirir. Bu durumda birçok çocuk edebiyatı ürününün P4C çalışmaları açısından verimli olup olamayacağı önemli bir problem hâlini almıştır. Bu problemden yola çıkılarak bu çalışmada felsefe ve çocuk veya çocukluk kavramları arasında bir ilişki kurulmasının olanaklılığı tartışılmış, bu anlamda çocuklar için felsefe çalışmalarının metoduna değinilmiş ve Lewis Carroll'ın “Alice Harikalar Diyarında (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)” adlı eserinin P4C çalışmalarında kullanım olanağı üzerinden bir tartışma yürütülmüştür.
GREK MİTOLOJİSİNDEKİ ÖGELERİN P4C UYGULAMALARINDA KULLANILABİLİRLİĞİ ÜZERİNE
Authors: HASANÇEBİ Arzu , NUYAN Elif
Published: October 2023

Öz:

Bu makalede Çocuklar İçin Felsefe (P4C) uygulamalarında, Grek mitolojisindeki ögelerin birer uyaran olarak kullanılabilirliği tartışılacaktır. Lipman’ın geliştirmiş olduğu P4C pedagojisinin genel hedefi, eleştirel, sağduyulu ve etrafında olup bitenler karşısında bilinçli bireyler yetiştirmektir. Bugün dünyada altmıştan fazla ülkede uygulanan P4C eğitimi, çocukların daha küçük yaşlardan sorgulayıcı bir bakış açısı kazanmasını amaç edinmektedir. P4C uygulamaları, çocuklara doğrudan felsefe tarihi bilgisi aktarmadan, kavramlar üzerinde tartışabilmelerine imkan sunmaktadır. Geleneksel ve ezbere dayalı eğitim anlayışının dışına çıkılarak, çocukların başkalarını dinleyerek ve kendi argümanlarını kurarak iletişim becerilerinin gelişimine katkı sağlamaktadır. Uygulamalar sırasında çocukların düşünme becerilerini geliştirmek için kullanılan mateyaller uyaran olarak kabul edilmektedir. Düşünme sürecini harekete geçiren bu uyaranlar, hikaye, öykü, animasyon, afiş ya da kısa film gibi çeşitli malzemelerden oluşmaktadır. Grek mitolojisindeki hikayelerde anlatılan olayların ve kahramanların yaşantıları, P4C eğitiminin çocuklara tartıştırmak istediği değerler ve kavramlara zengin bir içerik sunmaktadır. Homeros anlatılarının ve Antik Yunan filozoflarının düşüncelerini açıklarken mitolojiye başvurmuş olması yadsınamaz. Mitolojik anlatıların Grek dünyasındaki yeri, hayati bir öneme sahiptir. Kendilerini ve evreni anlamlandırmaya çalışırken mitoslara başvurmuş olan Grekler, her ne kadar felsefenin doğuşuyla ilişkilenen, logosa geçişi gerçekleştirseler de tamamıyla mitoslardan kopmamışlardır. Hatta bugün bile sadece Grekler için günümüz dünyası için mitolojik kahramanlar, toplumsal yaşamın önemli bir parçasıdır. Edebiyat, sinema ve hatta bilimsel keşifler de bile Grek mitolojisine sıklıkla referanslar yapıldığını görmekteyiz. Bu açıdan, kavramsal düzeyde ontolojik, epistemolojik, estetik, etik veya politik tartışmaların birer destekçisi olarak mitoslara başvurulmuş olması şaşırtıcı değildir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Felsefe, P4C, Mitos, Logos, Eleştirel düşünce, Grek mitolojisi
Social Identity in Pakistani Society – A System Dynamic Approach
Authors: Iqbal Dr. Salman , Zubair Dr. Talha , Khan Ahmad , Rizwan Dr. Amina
Published: October 2023

The primary objective of this review is to understand and reveal the underlying the theoretically distinctive facts about the social identity of the individuals in Pakistan’s context. The human behavior scholars are finding new theoretical concepts that are useful in understanding the group behavior. There are three critical aspects that underpin the concept of social identification cognitive, evaluative and affective. These constructs are further explained in diagrams using groups, in group dynamics, related performance and commitment. The CLD shows that how individual’ social identification is related to commitment. This paper helps to understand the factors that are more associated with the social identification and social grouping of employees within the organizations in Pakistan’s context. The methodology is based on system dynamics. System dynamics causal loop approach stage wise is applied to identify the unique dimensions that are associated with the distinctive underlying structure of human behavior that forms the social identity of employees within the organization. System dynamic methodology consists of three steps, the first step is CLD diagram, followed by Stock and flow maps and finally software-based simulations. This paper reveals that naturally made groups are more cohesive and individuals in natural or achieved groups are more committed emotionally towards each other. The significance of this paper lies in understanding the causal structure that influences the formation of social groups in Pakistan organization. Theoretical construct that underpin the notion of social identification of an individual includes the cognitive, evaluative, and affective components that help us to understand, how an individual adapts to the social identity.
Diluting the patriarchal dominance: Review of Developing Feminist Discourse in Pakistani Context
Authors: Umair Muhammad , Abbasi Shozab Ali Raza , Aslam Faheem , Rashid Abdul
Published: October 2023

The present study is aimed to review of the development of feminist critical discourse in Pakistani context. It is considered that Pakistan is an Islamic country and there is a misperception in the Western world that women are oppressed in Pakistan on the name of Islam. This article provides a review of the dual version of female oppression in Pakistani context i.e. religious and cultural. The very first perception of women oppression in Pakistan by the western world is wrong as Pakistan as an Islamic ideological state does not oppress women rather guarantees their equal rights. In this regards there is a long list of legal development for the protection of the rights of women. The second kind of oppression is the cultural oppression against women. There are a lot of cultural practices in different regions of Pakistan which are oppressive towards women like Wata Sata, dowry death and forced marriages. The data for the present study has been reviewed as per available academic resources and research journals. The significance of the study is to counter western misunderstanding about the female oppression in Pakistani context. While at the same time the study is significant as it raises voice against the prevalent cultural practices of oppression against women in Pakistan. The findings of the present study reveal that there is a development of feminist critical discourse which is diluting the patriarchal dominance that is maintained through cultural practices in Pakistan.
Investigating Needs of the Learners for a Blended Functional English Course: A Case Study of The Women University Multan
Authors: Shahbaz Sara , Khushi Dr. Qamar
Published: October 2023

The better understanding of language learning needs of the students can improve the programmatic facilitation of course content along with the improvement in students’ performance. The present study aims to ascertain the language learning needs of the students for the implementation of a blended Functional English course at undergraduate level in the context of the Women University Multan. This study utilizes mixed method approach to collect data for needs analysis. Survey and interviews were the major data collection tools for the current research investigation. Further, these tools were used to triangulate the data in order to get validation for the findings. The results showed that there are similarities as well as differences in the opinions of students and teachers regarding the knowledge and skills of reading and writing at the basic level. However, the findings showed that students need improvement in all the basic skills of reading and writing such as skimming, scanning, inference, vocabulary, sentence structures, and paragraph construction. The study also sheds light on the fact that training and access to technology both for the teachers and students are the two key factors for the successful implementation of blended courses in the context of the Women University Multan. Future research is recommended to employ quantitative needs analysis instruments; incorporate multiple case analysis; and incorporate other theoretical perspectives concerning second language learning.
Evaluation of Listening Skills in Grade 5 English PCTB Textbooks
Authors: Malik Dr. Sadia , Mehmood Menahil , Ali Malik Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Textbook Evaluation refers to the procedure under which the decision is made about the selection of textbook by emphasizing the need of learning-teaching scenario. This paper seeks to evaluate the listening skills in Grade 5 English Textbook for apprehending what role listening skill has to play in textbook of this level by analyzing the recruitment of listening skills at the primary level. This research addresses what percentile the listening activities are given along with the other activities in the book. This research also lists the problems seen as per the implication of listening skills. The research methodology focuses on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of listening skills through Cunnings worth’s framework to assess what kind of activities are involved and are they beneficial for learners. From Cunning worth’s model, three main aspects are looked at in detail: Appropriacy, motivation for the learner and learners’ content, and pedagogic analysis and language content. The findings reveal that the first two sections contribute more as compared to pedagogic content. The textbook authors should revise the textbook content related to listening skill after consulting listening skills theory and its evaluative perspectives for primary grade learners. Thus, the findings imply that book has some shortcomings as more activities can be incorporated promoting communicative and linguistic competence and critical listening skills
Solid Waste Management and Willingness to Pay: An Analysis of Integrated Approach of Garbage Disposal in Multan Pakistan
Authors: Kashif Muhammad , Hassan Muhamad Meesum , Khalil Aashir , Afzal Dr. Saima , Khan Ambreen Fatima
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Rapid population growth in developing countries has accelerated urbanization, resulting in a slew of environmental issues. One such problem is the rapid rise in the quantities of solid waste. Pakistan's way of life, like the way of life in many other countries around the world, has changed. As a result of the utilisation arranged populace and ongoing utilisation driven development, squander age has increased dramatically in Pakistan. Removals are being used in an increasing number of food and non-food items. In Pakistan, solid waste management generally consists of flexible, elastic, metals, discarded food, discarded animals, glass, building material, and channel-removed material. Families, businesses, and projects all generate a lot of waste. Heavy waste is frequently generated by medical care facilities and hospitals. Objectives: The investigation of the sources and nature of solid waste generated in urban areas, analysis of current SWM practices, and examination of the socioeconomic, environmental, and health effects of solid waste management were the main goals of the study. Methodology: In this study, a quantitative research design has been chosen. The study's target population consisted of the households in a few Multan city colonies. From 385 respondent information was gathered from 4 colonies. Fitz Gibbon Table for determining the sample size was used. The study employs a stratified random sampling methodology. to evaluate the connection between paying and solid waste management. Questionnaires were used as the data collection tool. SPSS was used to analyze the data. Conclusion: The study's findings indicated that knowledge and home ownership have an impact on willingness to pay. Factors such as income, home ownership, and knowledge of solid waste management have a greater impact on willingness to pay. It was determined that there are some factors that influence a man's willingness to pay for garbage disposal.
Linguistic Accommodation in Multilingual Conversations: A Cross-Cultural Study of Pakistan
Authors: Bashir Samina , Ashraf Rehana , Khaliq Ayesha
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cultural values and communication styles in Pakistan. To achieve this aim, a sociolinguistic approach was adopted, and participants were selected from diverse cultural backgrounds across the country, including KPK, Punjab, Balochistan, Sindh, Gilgit Baltistan, and AJK. The study used a qualitative research design, specifically semi-structured interviews, to collect data. This approach allowed for an in-depth exploration of the participants' communication experiences and cultural values, providing rich insights into the intersection of culture and communication. The findings of the study highlight the significant impact of cultural values on communication styles in Pakistan. The study identified that people from different cultural backgrounds have distinct communication styles, which are shaped by their cultural values. For instance, the study found that collectivist cultures tend to use indirect communication styles and avoid direct conflict, while high-context cultures require more attention to nonverbal cues for effective communication. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the relationship between cultural values and communication styles in Pakistan. The findings have implications for individuals and organizations seeking to navigate intercultural communication in the country and contribute to the broader literature on culture and communication. The study's methodology and approach can also serve as a useful model for future research on intercultural communication in other contexts.
Teachers’ Perceived Gender Equality in Educational Opportunities at Secondary School Level
Authors: Aftab Muhammad Javed , Ali Shahbaz , Rehman Navid Ur
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to highlight teacher’s perceived gender equality in educational opportunities at secondary level. Female education in Pakistan is critical for achieving quality learning because there is a significant gender gap in education, particularly in the rural sector. The design chosen for this study was descriptive. The population for this study included all secondary school teachers and Subject Specialists in the Multan district who worked in the school education department. The sample was chosen using a stratified sampling procedure and a sample of 508 teachers representing all four tehsils of Multan district was selected. This study examined factors affecting female and male secondary education, including girls' limited course choices, gender differences in course selection, social violence against women and girls' education, period poverty, and stigma. It was recommended that regular in-service training for the management of need and utilization of computer in special school and special advocacy/awareness campaigns should be launched to increase the awareness about gender equality in educational opportunities at secondary level.
Asociación de inseguridad alimentaria y mala nutrición en mujeres de zonas rurales de México, 2018 y 2020
Authors: Arriaga-Ayala Edna Xiomara , Shamah-Levy Teresa , Méndez-Gómez Humarán Ignacio , Morales-Ruán M del Carmen
Published: October 2023

Objetivo. Describir la asociación entre inseguridad alimentaria (IA) con mala nutrición en mujeres adultas habitantes de zonas rurales de México en 2018 y 2020. Material y métodos. Datos de mujeres rurales recabados por la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de 2018 y 2020 (Ensanut 2018-2020). Se obtuvieron medidas de peso y talla y se calculó el índice de masa corporal. El nivel de IA del hogar se midió con la Escala Latinoamericana y Caribeña de Seguridad Alimentaria (ELCSA). Se estimó un modelo de regresión logística ordinal múltiple. Resultados. La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad (SyO) en mujeres fue de 76%. Se encontró una asociación significativa entre el SyO y la IA moderada (RM 1.35, p=0.001). Conclusiones. La IA se asocia con SyO en mujeres adultas rurales, situación originada por factores estructurales e individuales. Se requieren acciones inmediatas para su atención a nivel nacional.
Suicide and Covid-19 in Mexico: an update to 2021
Authors: Borges Guilherme , García José Angel , Monroy-Nasr Zuraya
Published: October 2023

Objective. To update prior studies on the impact of Covid-19 on suicide in Mexico. Materials and methods. We used interrupted time-series analysis to model the national trend in monthly suicides before Covid-19 (January 1, 2010, to March 31, 2020), comparing the expected number of suicides with the observed number for the remainder of the period (April 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021). Results. We observed a 5% increase in suicides, driven by suicides among the younger females ages <44 years and among older males ages 45+. Conclusion. Since in Mexico the impact of Covid-19 on suicide depended on sex and age, tailored public health strategies may be needed to confront the problem.
Parent-mediated interventions versus usual care in children with autism spectrum disorders. Protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Conrad Charlotte Engberg , Ziegler Sonja Martha Teresa , Bilenberg Niels , Christiansen Jens , Fagerlund Birgitte , Hermann Rikke , Jeppesen Pia , Jørgensen Caroline Kamp , Thomsen Per Hove , Jakobsen Janus Christian , Lauritsen Marlene Briciet
Published: October 2023

Background
Autism spectrum disorder encompasses diverse patterns of social-communication and repetitive, restricted behaviours, and is associated with a higher risk of comorbid medical and psychiatric disorders. Various interventions have been developed to reduce the negative consequences of autism spectrum disorder and improve levels of functioning. Within different frameworks of interventions, there is increasing interest in parent-mediated interventions. This systematic review with meta-analysis aims to synthesise the current evidence of the effects, both positive and adverse, of parent-mediated interventions on younger children with autism spectrum disorder and their parents.
Methods
Electronic searches will be conducted in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), American Psychological Association PsycInfo (PsycInfo), Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED). Randomised clinical trials of parent-mediated interventions for children with autism and a control-group of usual care, waiting list or no treatment will be included. Two reviewers will independently screen, select and collect data. The methodological quality of the included studies will be evaluated using Cochrane methodology. The primary outcome will be autism symptom severity as measured by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). Secondary outcomes will be adaptive functioning, adverse effects, child language, child socio-communicative symptoms, child´s quality of life and parental quality of life. The meta-analysis will be performed with Trial Sequential Analysis.
Discussion
This is the study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of parent-mediated interventions versus usual care for children with autism spectrum disorder. The results of the review will inform clinicians and parents about the current evidence of the effects, both positive and adverse, of parent-mediated interventions on younger children with autism spectrum disorder and their parents, through improved methodology and the inclusion of new studies.
Protocol registration: PROSPERO 385188
Expression and Prognosis Analysis of TBX2 Subfamily in Human Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Mi Rui , Wang Qiubo , Liu Qingyang , Jiang Fengying , Ji Yuan
Published: October 2023

Purpose
Lung cancer has a high morbidity and mortality rate of all cancers worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need for reliable cancer markers for diagnosis and prognosis of patients with lung cancer.
Methods
In this study, we used the bioinformatics database to compare the expression of the TBX2 subfamily at the transcriptional and protein levels in non-small cell lung cancer. Then, to confirm our bioinformatics analysis above, we used western bloting to determine the expression of TBX2, TBX3, TBX4 and TBX5 in human lung squamous carcinoma cell lines. Besides, low expression of TBX2 subfamily predicted a poor prognosis of patients with lung cancer. Finally, The methylation database was used to explore the relationship between the low expression of TBX2 subfamily and methylation of gene promoter region.
Results
Our data showed a significant decrease of TBX2 subfamily expression in lung cancer tissues of several histological subtypes. Finally, the methylation of TBX2 subfamily members in the promoter region of NSCLC was significantly higher than that in normal tissues.
Conclusion
Our research provided sufficient evidence that TBX2 subfamily might play an inhibitory role in malignancy progression of lung cancer, which is promising to shed light on discovering a novel reliable cancer marker for prognosis of lung cancer patients.
Curriculum Implementation with a Plan: An Exploratory Analysis of Pre-service Teachers’ Application of Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction
Authors: Mahama Inuusah
Published: October 2023

This study explored Ghanaian pre-service teachers’ application of Gagne’s instructional design. A sample of 135 pre-service teachers on internship at different pre-tertiary institutions participated by responding to Gagne’s nine events of instruction. The data were analysed descriptively (means/SD) and inferentially (MANOVA). The study revealed that pre-service teachers seem to be more aligned with traditional and less student-centred approaches. The findings suggest a lack of emphasis on strategies that promote active engagement, clear communication of objectives, building on prior knowledge, diverse content presentation, guidance and support, eliciting performance through practice, effective feedback, and enhancing retention and transfer. However, there were no substantial gender- or level-based differences in the application of the instructional model. Therefore, training programmes for teachers should be student-centred and highlight the benefits of connecting new information to familiar concepts for better comprehension.