bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research progress and perspectives of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in myocardial and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: A review
Authors: Liao Wei , Wen Yuehui , Yang Shaochun , Duan Yanyu , Liu Ziyou
Published: October 2023

There is an urgent need to find common targets for precision therapy, as there are no effective preventive therapeutic measures for combined clinical heart-brain organ protection and common pathways associated with glutamate receptors are involved in heart-brain injury, but current glutamate receptor-related clinical trials have failed. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common pathological condition that occurs in multiple organs, including the heart and brain, and can lead to severe morbidity and mortality. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), a type of ionotropic glutamate receptor, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of IRI. NMDAR activity is mainly regulated by endogenous activators, agonists, antagonists, and voltage-gated channels, and activation leads to excessive calcium influx, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, apoptosis, and necrosis in ischemic cells. In this review, we summarize current research advances regarding the role of NMDAR in myocardial and cerebral IRI and discuss potential therapeutic strategies to modulate NMDAR signaling to prevent and treat IRI.
Longitudinal cognitive function and brain metabolites in women receiving chemotherapy for stage 1 to 3 breast cancer: Observational study
Authors: Beyer Joana , Couch Ronan , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Zeydan Burcu , Tosakulwong Nirubol , Lesnick Timothy G. , Novotny Paul J. , Kohli Sadhna , Cerhan Jane H. , Pruthi Sandhya , Kantarci Kejal , Kara Firat
Published: October 2023

Few proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies have explored chemotherapy-related biochemical changes in brain regions. This observational study aimed to longitudinally assess short-term cognitive changes and brain metabolite concentrations in women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. We analyzed 11 women with newly diagnosed stage 1 to 3 breast cancer. Patients were evaluated via objective cognitive testing, and patient self-report tests. Patients were examined using single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the medial frontal cortex, posterior cingulate gyrus, and left thalamus at baseline and after the completion of chemotherapy on a 1.5 Tesla scanner. At the posttreatment evaluation as compared to baseline, 7 of the 10 (70%) patients reported worsening memory on the MD Anderson symptom inventory (annualized change = 1.82 ± 2.88, P = .08), while the delayed recall raw score of the Rey Osterrieth complex figure test did not change from pre- to post-chemotherapy (mean annualized change = 5.00 ± 14.38, P = .30). The annualized change in the creatine concentration in the posterior cingulate gyrus was statistically significant. The annualized change in the MD Anderson symptom inventory was negatively correlated with the annualized change in the medial frontal N-acetylaspartate (Spearman correlation coefficient [rho] = −0.78, P = .01) and positively correlated with the annualized change in the posterior cingulate gyrus creatine (rho = 0.66, P = .04). Annualized changes in the Rey Osterrieth complex figure test were positively correlated with annualized changes in choline (rho = 0.83, P = .01) in the medial frontal cortex, choline (rho = 0.76, P = .04) in the left thalamus, and creatine (rho = 0.73, P = .02) in the medial frontal cortex. Our data suggest that chemotherapy may lead to the worsening of self-reported memory function, which is associated with alterations in brain metabolites.
End-effector lower limb robot-assisted gait training effects in subacute stroke patients: A randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Lee Junekyung , Kim Dae Yul , Lee Seung Hak , Kim Ji Hye , Kim Deog Young , Lim Kil-Byung , Yoo Jeehyun
Published: October 2023

Background:

This pilot study investigated end-effector lower limb rehabilitation robot training effects in subacute stroke patients.

Methods:

Forty-nine stroke patients were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups: a 30-minute end-effector lower limb rehabilitation robot training plus 1.5-hour conventional physiotherapy (robot group; n = 26), or a 2-hour conventional physiotherapy (control group; n = 23). All patients received 5 treatments weekly for 4 weeks. The functional ambulatory category was the primary outcome and the motricity index, Fugl Meyer assessment-lower extremity, rivermead mobility index, 10 meter walk test, Berg balance scale, and modified Barthel index were secondary outcomes.

Results:

All outcome measures significantly improved in both groups after training (P > .05). The robot group improved more in FAC than the control group (P = .005).

Conclusions:

Compared with conventional physiotherapy alone, end-effector lower limb robot-assisted gait training with conventional physiotherapy improved subacute stroke patients walking ability.
Vaccine effectiveness against the B.1.617.2 in the intensive care unit
Authors: Koc Ibrahim , Unalli Ozmen Sevda , Deniz Olgun
Published: October 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 and its variants are still a concern for the World. The effectiveness of the BioNTech and Sinovac vaccines against the B.1.617.2 variant, particularly in the intensive care unit, has been unclear. This study aimed to investigate the vaccine effectiveness of BioNTech and Sinovac vaccines in reducing severe disease, intubation, and mortality rates in B.1.617.2 infected patients followed in the intensive care unit. The data of 208 unvaccinated and 234 vaccinated B.1.617.2 variants were retrospectively reviewed. Severe disease status, complaints, the percent oxygen saturation in the blood at the first admission, and other clinical information during follow-up were recorded. With the BioNTech and Sinovac vaccines being the most common in the region, mortality rate, severe disease, and intubation were more frequent in the unvaccinated group. As for survival rates, 58.5 (137) of the vaccinated and 35.1 % (73) of the unvaccinated survived. In the vaccinated group, 64.3 % (27) of vaccinated with 3 Sinovac, 80 % (16) of 2 Sinovac and 1 BioNTech, and 71.7 % of 2 BioNTech survived. Vaccination with 2 doses of BioNTech and 3 doses of Sinovac reduces mortality. Furthermore, 2 doses of Sinovac and 1 dose of BioNTech are more protective.
Do patients receive any benefit from the addition of perioperative immunotherapy-chemotherapy for solid tumors?
Authors: Quan Rencui , Li Zaishang , Zhang Huaqing , Li Xueying
Published: October 2023

Background:

Progress in the use of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has become a highlight of cancer research. Our meta-analysis aimed to better elucidate the activity, efficacy and safety of this combination using data obtained from randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods:

A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and conference proceedings up to January 31, 2023 was carried out to identify RCTs investigating neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors. Using fixed- and random-effects models, pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for pathological complete response (pCR, defined as ypT0/is pN0) and immunotherapy treatment-related adverse events.

Results:

A total of 1876 studies were identified, and 6 RCTs (N = 2558 patients) were included. The pCR was significantly higher with neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy than with neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.43–3.71, P < .001). The pCR was confirmed to be statistically significant in the PD-L1-positive subgroup (OR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.55–2.59, P = .012). The pCR was confirmed to be statistically significant in the PD-1 inhibitor subgroup (OR = 4.17; 95% CI: 1.47–11.87, P = .000), while no statistically significant was observed in the PD-L1 inhibitor subgroup (OR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.12–2.07, P = .308). The pooled ORs of any grade treatment-related or immunotherapy-related adverse events were significant, but the grade 3–4 immunotherapy-related adverse events were not.

Conclusion:

Our study provides comprehensive data that the addition of PD1 blockade to neoadjuvant chemotherapy resulted in better treatment efficacy than neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone in patients with solid tumors and had a similar safety profile.
An uncommon complication of a common injury: Acute foot compartment syndrome following an ankle sprain: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Otayek Joeffroy , Assi Chahine , Yammine Kaissar
Published: October 2023

Introduction:

Acute foot compartment syndrome (FCS) is a rare but potentially devastating complication that can occur following severe trauma of the limbs. In very are cases, such syndrome occurs following minor trauma. We present an exceptional case of acute FCS as a complication of an ankle sprain.

Clinical findings:

A 32-year-old male patient presented with excruciating foot pain and swelling 48 hours following an ankle sprain. Physical examination revealed severe swelling of the right foot, pale and swollen toes, and tense and pale dorsal skin and severe pain upon passive extension of the toes.

Diagnosis:

An acute FCS was considered.

Intervention and outcomes:

The patient underwent a fasciotomy using a double-dorsal incision technique. The patient’s symptoms were controlled, and he was discharged from the hospital 2 days after the surgery.

Conclusion:

Acute FCS could occur following minor trauma such as an ankle sprain. Early recognition and timely surgical intervention are crucial to prevent severe complications. The diagnosis is primarily clinical and immediate fasciotomy is needed to reduce intracompartment pressure and prevent muscular necrosis and other complications.
Exploring the material basis and mechanism of action of clinacanthus nutans in treating renal cell carcinoma based on metabolomics and network pharmacology
Authors: Ye Zhandong , Fang Zhiqiang , Li Dan , Lin Xiaogang , Huang Song
Published: October 2023

Background:

Clinacanthus nutans (for abbreviation thereafter) is often used as medicine in the form of fresh juice in the folk to treat many kinds of cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It is speculated that its active ingredient may have heat sensitivity, but there are currently no reports on this aspect. Therefore, based on the folk application for fresh juice of C nutans, this study used metabonomics and network pharmacology to explore the material basis and mechanism of action of C nutans against RCC.

Methods:

Firstly, untargeted metabolomics profiling was performed by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to screen the metabolites down-regulated by heat in the extract of C nutans. Secondly, we collected the targets of metabolites in the Swiss Target Prediction platform. In addition, the targets of RCC were obtained in the GeneCards database. The “component-target-disease” network was established by Cytoscape3.9.0 software. Then we constructed a protein-protein interaction network in the STRING network platform to screen core targets. The gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis of core targets were carried out to predict the relevant pathway of C nutans in the treatment of RCC. Finally, the molecular docking verification of the core targets were carried out.

Results:

In this study, 35 potential active ingredients and 125 potential targets were obtained. And the core targets were Cellular tumor antigen p53, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and so on. Then, 48 biological processes, 30 cell components, and 36 molecular functions were obtained by gene ontology enrichment analysis. Besides, 44 pathways were obtained by Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis, including Pathway in cancer, PI3K-Akt signal pathway, P53 signal pathway, and so on. The docking model between the core target and its corresponding components was stable.

Conclusion:

This research is based on the folk application of C nutans, showed its potential active ingredients by metabonomics, and predicted the potential mechanism of C nutans in the treatment of RCC by network pharmacology. It provides new references for follow-up research and new drug development.
A novel robot-assisted knee arthroplasty system (ROSA) and 1-year outcome: A single center experience
Authors: Demirtas Yunus , Emet Abdulsamet , Ayik Gokhan , Cakmak Gokhan , Aksahin Ertugrul , Celebi Levent
Published: October 2023

Background:

Total knee arthroplasty is a successful procedure in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Searches in surgical technique have focused surgeons in particular on implant alignment. For this purpose, the use of robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty has become increasingly common in the last 10 years.

Methods:

A total of 46 patients (66 knees) who were operated for knee osteoarthritis with Robotic Surgical Assistant (ROSA, Zimmer-Biomet, Warshaw, Indiana, USA) between 2021 and 2023 were included in the study. Preoperative planning and intraoperative incision time, total surgical time, range of motion and follow-up time recorded. Oxford knee scores and knee society scores (KSS) of the patients were compared before and after surgery. At the last follow-up Forgotten Joint Score and the sagittal and coronal plane alignments were evaluated.

Results:

Preoperative mean Oxford score of the right knee of the patients was 18.5 ± 3.2, post-surgery mean Oxford score progressed to 43.5 ± 2.2. While the preoperative left knee Oxford score of the patients was 16.9 ± 2.3, the mean left knee Oxford score improved to 43.4 ± 2.2 postoperatively. The mean KSS score of the patients’ right knee preoperatively was 49.7 ± 3.5, and progressed to 89.2 ± 4.7 postoperatively. While the preoperative mean left knee KSS score of the patients was 46.5 ± 4.3, the mean KSS score improved to 89.8 ± 3.2 postoperatively. The mean Forgotten Joint Score of the left knee at the last follow-up of the patients was 77.4 ± 3.8, while the mean Forgotten Joint Score of the right knee was 75.4 ± 5.9.

Conclusion:

The results of ROSA-supported knee arthroplasty found to be functionally successful.
The nurse's guide to myasthenia gravis
Authors: Pullen Richard L. , Hammond Lori
Published: October 2023

With treatment from an interprofessional team, most patients with MG are expected to have an active quality of life and a lifespan similar to people without the disease.
Creating a supportive environment for patients who are transitioning
Authors: Geist Rebecca , Gary Mary Annette , Cockerell Kimber , Thornton Kendra
Published: October 2023

It's imperative for nurses to be culturally prepared to advocate for patients who are contemplating or undergoing transition.
The benefits of breastfeeding and how nurses can support new parents
Authors: O'Sullivan Janette , Scott Loni J.
Published: October 2023

Nurses have such an important role in providing breastfeeding-related teaching and support to new parents upon admission to the birthing unit.
Highly active antiretroviral therapy-related effects on morphological connectivity in HIV
Authors: Wang Yiwen , Wu Guangyao , Wen Zhi , Lei Hao , Lin Fuchun
Published: October 2023

Objective:

Suboptimal concentration of the antiretroviral drug is insufficient to inhibit HIV destruction on brain structure and function due to the resistance of blood brain barrier. We aimed to investigate highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-related effects on the morphological connectivity in people with HIV (PWH).

Design:

Case–control study.

Methods:

Fifty-five HAART-treated for more than 3 months and 54 untreated PWH, as well as 66 demographically matched healthy controls underwent a high-resolution 3D T1-weighted MRI. Individual-level morphological brain network based on gray matter volume of 90 brain regions was constructed and network topological properties were analyzed. Network-based statistics (NBS) was performed to identify sub-networks showing significant differences in morphological connectivity. Correlation and mediation analyses were employed to evaluate associations between the morphological properties and clinical variables of PWH.

Results:

Although PWH exhibited small-world architecture in their morphological brain networks, untreated PWH demonstrated altered network properties while HAART-treated PWH showed relatively similar network properties compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, HAART-related effects were mainly involved the bilateral putamen and left thalamus. The findings of NBS further indicated the cortico-striatum-thalamic-cortical loop was involved in the therapeutic-associated morphological network. The positive correlations between the HAART treatment and nodal degree and efficiency of the putamen were mediated by the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes.

Conclusions:

The topological properties are recovered to normal in PWH after HAART and the effects induced by HAART are mostly within the cortical-subcortical circuit.
Association of urine biomarkers of kidney health with subclinical cardiovascular disease among men with and without HIV
Authors: Lai Mason , Madden Erin , Shlipak Michael G. , Scherzer Rebecca , Post Wendy S. , Vittinghoff Eric , Haberlen Sabina , Brown Todd T. , Wolinsky Steven M. , Witt Mallory D. , Ho Ken , Abraham Alison G. , Parikh Chirag R. , Budoff Matthew , Estrella Michelle M.
Published: October 2023

Objective:

The aim of this study was to determine whether urine biomarkers of kidney health are associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease among men with and without HIV.

Design:

A cross-sectional study within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) among 504 men with and without HIV infection who underwent cardiac computed tomography scans and had urine biomarkers measured within the preceding 2 years.

Methods:

Our primary predictors were four urine biomarkers of endothelial (albuminuria), proximal tubule dysfunction (alpha-1-microglobulin [A1 M] and injury (kidney injury molecule-1 [KIM-1]) and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (pro-collagen-III N-terminal peptide [PIIINP]). These were evaluated for association with coronary artery calcium (CAC) prevalence, CAC extent, total plaque score, and total segment stenosis using multivariable regression.

Results:

Of the 504 participants, 384 were men with HIV (MWH) and 120 were men without HIV. In models adjusted for sociodemographic factors, cardiovascular disease risk factors, eGFR, and HIV-related factors, each two-fold higher concentration of albuminuria was associated with a greater extent of CAC (1.35-fold higher, 95% confidence interval 1.11–1.65), and segment stenosis (1.08-fold greater, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.16). Associations were similar between MWH and men without HIV in stratified analyses. The third quartile of A1 M showed an association with greater CAC extent, total plaque score, and total segment stenosis, compared with the lowest quartile.

Conclusion:

Worse endothelial and proximal tubule dysfunction, as reflected by higher urine albumin and A1 M, were associated with greater CAC extent and coronary artery stenosis.
Association of tenofovir diphosphate and lamivudine triphosphate concentrations with HIV and hepatitis B virus viral suppression
Authors: Lartey Margaret , Ganu Vincent J. , Tachi Kenneth , Yang Hongmei , Anderson Peter L. , Langaee Taimour , Ojewale Oluwayemisi , Boamah Isaac , Obo-Akwa Adjoa , Antwi Kenneth , Bushman Lane R. , Ellison Lucas , Kwara Awewura
Published: October 2023

Objective:

Concentrations of tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) and lamivudine triphosphate (3TC-TP) in cells are correlates of medication adherence and antiviral activity. However, studies have yet to characterize the simultaneous relationship between TFV-DP and 3TC-TP concentrations with HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) suppression.

Methods:

Individuals with HIV/HBV coinfection on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) were enrolled. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and dried blood spots (DBS) samples were collected and steady-state TFV-DP and 3TC-TP concentrations quantified using validated methods. The relationship between patient factors, TFV-DP, and 3TC-TP concentrations in PBMCs and DBS with HBV and HIV viral suppression were examined.

Results:

Of 138 participants on TDF-containing ART for a median duration (range) of 6 (0.75–15) years, the median age was 43 years and 64% were women. Overall, 128 (92.8%) and 129 (93.5%) had suppressed HIV and HBV viral loads, respectively. Of the 128 participants with suppressed HIV, 122 (95.3%) had suppressed HBV. Self-reported ART adherence, recent change to dolutegravir-based ART, TFV-DP, and 3TC-TP concentrations in PBMCs and DBS were associated with HIV RNA suppression, while HBe antigen positivity, HIV suppression, and TFV-DP concentrations in DBS were associated with HBV DNA suppression (including six persons with HBV nonsuppression and HIV suppression).

Conclusion:

Long-term TDF/3TC-conatining ART was highly efficacious in individuals with HIV/HBV coinfection. Higher TFV-DP concentrations were predictive of suppression for both viruses. Persistent HBV viremia on TDF/3TC-containg ART requires additional research, but may represent poor adherence and the need for adherence interventions or novel antivirals.
An APRI+ALBI Based Multivariable Model as Preoperative Predictor for Posthepatectomy Liver Failure
Authors: Santol Jonas , Kim Sarang , Gregory Lindsey A. , Baumgartner Ruth , Murtha-Lemekhova Anastasia , Birgin Emrullah , Gloor Severin , Braunwarth Eva , Ammann Markus , Starlinger Johannes , Pereyra David , Ammon Daphni , Ninkovic Marijana , Kern Anna E. , Rumpf Benedikt , Ortmayr Gregor , Herrmann Yannic , Dong Yawen , Huber Felix X. , Weninger Jeremias , Thiels Cornelius A. , Warner Susanne G. , Smoot Rory L. , Truty Mark J. , Kendrick Michael L. , Nagorney David N. , Cleary Sean P. , Beldi Guido , Rahbari Nuh N. , Hoffmann Katrin , Gilg Stefan , Assinger Alice , Gruenberger Thomas , Hackl Hubert , Starlinger Patrick
Published: October 2023

Objective and Background:

Clinically significant posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF B+C) remains the main cause of mortality after major hepatic resection. This study aimed to establish an APRI+ALBI, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio (APRI) combined with albumin-bilirubin grade (ALBI), based multivariable model (MVM) to predict PHLF and compare its performance to indocyanine green clearance (ICG-R15 or ICG-PDR) and albumin-ICG evaluation (ALICE).

Methods:

12,056 patients from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database were used to generate a MVM to predict PHLF B+C. The model was determined using stepwise backwards elimination. Performance of the model was tested using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and validated in an international cohort of 2,525 patients. In 620 patients, the APRI+ALBI MVM, trained in the NSQIP cohort, was compared with MVM’s based on other liver function tests (ICG clearance, ALICE) by comparing the areas under the curve (AUC).

Results:

A MVM including APRI+ALBI, age, sex, tumor type and extent of resection was found to predict PHLF B+C with an AUC of 0.77, with comparable performance in the validation cohort (AUC 0.74). In direct comparison with other MVM’s based on more expensive and time-consuming liver function tests (ICG clearance, ALICE), the APRI+ALBI MVM demonstrated equal predictive potential for PHLF B+C. A smartphone application for calculation of the APRI+ALBI MVM was designed.

Conclusion:

Risk assessment via the APRI+ALBI MVM for PHLF B+C increases preoperative predictive accuracy and represents an universally available and cost-effective risk assessment prior to hepatectomy, facilitated by a freely available smartphone app.
Would you be surprised? Prospective multicenter study of the Surprise Question as a screening tool to predict mortality in trauma patients
Authors: Hoffman Melissa Red , Slivinski Andrea , Shen Yan , Watts Dorraine D. , Wyse Ransom J. , Garland Jeneva M. , Fakhry Samir M. ,   the Surprise Question in Trauma Research Group
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

The Surprise Question (SQ) (“Would I be surprised if the patient died within the next year?”) is a validated tool used to identify patients with limited life expectancy. Because it may have potential to expedite palliative care interventions per American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program Palliative Care Best Practices Guidelines, we sought to determine if trauma team members could use the SQ to accurately predict 1-year mortality in trauma patients.

METHODS

A multicenter, prospective, cohort study collected data (August 2020 to February 2021) on trauma team members' responses to the SQ at 24 hours from admission. One-year mortality was obtained via social security death index records. Positive/negative predictive values and accuracy were calculated overall, by provider role and by patient age.

RESULTS

Ten Level I/II centers enrolled 1,172 patients (87.9% blunt). The median age was 57 years (interquartile range, 36–74 years), and the median Injury Severity Score was 10 (interquartile range, 5–14 years). Overall 1-year mortality was 13.3%. Positive predictive value was low (30.5%) regardless of role. Mortality prediction minimally improved as age increased (positive predictive value highest between 65 and 74 years old, 34.5%) but consistently trended to overprediction of death, even in younger patients.

CONCLUSION

Trauma team members' ability to forecast 1-year mortality using the SQ at 24 hours appears limited perhaps because of overestimation of injury effects, preinjury conditions, and/or team bias. This has implications for the Trauma Quality Improvement Program Guidelines and suggests that more research is needed to determine the optimal time to screen trauma patients with the SQ.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level III.
Validity and Reliability of Virtually Obtained Functional Outcomes in Older Adults
Authors: Jasper Amie , Karim Rania , Uy Samuel John Montecalvo , Tayag Eleazar , Vitente Arvie C. , Baloy Rodiel Kirby , Lazaro Rolando
Published: October 2023

Introduction:

The validity and reliability of tests and measures conducted virtually without the in-person presence of a physical therapist is a challenge in telehealth. This study evaluated the validity and reliability of telehealth administration of outcome measures.

Methods:

Six participants were examined by 3 independent raters. The outcome measures used were the 2-minute step test, 30-second chair stand test, and Timed Up and Go.

Results:

There was a high level of validity and reliability between the in-person and virtually conducted tests.

Discussion:

The preliminary findings demonstrated that outcome measures can be conducted virtually with validity of scoring and results.
Caregiver Support Role in Occupational Therapy Video Telehealth
Authors: Gately Megan E. , Metcalf Emily E. , Waller Dylan E. , McLaren Jaye E. , Chamberlin Elizabeth S. , Hawley Chelsea E. , Venegas Maria , Dryden Eileen M. , O'Connor Maureen K. , Moo Lauren R.
Published: October 2023

Caregiver involvement may facilitate patient participation in occupational therapy (OT) video telehealth. However, little is known about the extent to which caregivers participate and what they do. This scoping review aims to: (1) describe the caregiver role supporting patient participation in OT video telehealth and (2) identify barriers and facilitators to caregiver involvement. Findings reveal caregiver involvement in a range of OT evaluation and intervention processes, with details on what caregivers did overall lacking. Barriers and facilitators are also described. This study underscores the need for clear and robust descriptions of caregiver participation to increase best practices in video telehealth.
Effects of Telemedicine for Postural Instability in Independent Patients With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: De Vitis Andrea , Battaglino Andrea , Sinatti Pierluigi , Sánchez Romero Eleuterio A. , Bissolotti Luciano , Cotella Diego , Villafañe Jorge Hugo
Published: October 2023

Background:

The purpose of this study is to examine the evidence of the effectiveness of telemedicine in postural stability treatment in independent patients affected by Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods:

This is a literature review of studies investigating the effect of telemedicine in postural stability treatment in independent patients affected by PD. PRISMA guidelines were followed during the design, search, and reporting stages of this review. The search was carried out in the MEDLINE databases.

Results:

A total of 1854 studies were detected and analyzed by performing the proposed searches in the detailed databases. After removing duplicates and analyzing the titles and abstracts of the remaining articles, 6 studies were ultimately selected for this review. At least 50% of the studies included in this review showed positive results in improving postural stability in patients with PD after a home-based intervention.

Conclusions:

The home-based intervention based upon technologically assisted telerehabilitation may support the aspects of an effective and efficient physical therapy allowing the physiotherapists to deliver functional rehabilitation in the home setting outside the hospital and supervise more than one patient simultaneously during rehabilitation sessions.
Rufibacter roseolus sp. nov. and Rufibacter aurantiacus sp. nov., isolated from desert soil
Authors: Li Shuai , Dong Lei , Lian Wen-Hui , Lin Zhi-Liang , Wei Qi-Chuang , Xiao Min , Li Wen-Jun
Published: October 2023

Two novel bacterial strains, designated as SYSU D00344T and SYSU D00433T, were isolated from soil of Gurbantunggut Desert in Xinjiang, north-west PR China. Cells of both strains were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, short-rod-shaped, catalase-positive and non-motile. Oxidase activities of SYSU D00344T and SYSU D00433T were negative and positive, respectively. Optimal growth occurred at 30 °C, with 0–0.5 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0. The results of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that they represented members of the genus

Rufibacter

and were closely related to

Rufibacter hautae

NBS58-1T. The results of phylogenomic analysis indicated that the two strains formed two independent and robust branches distinct from all reference type strains. The analyses of average nucleotide identity (ANI), digital DNA–DNA hybridisation (dDDH) values and 16S rRNA gene similarities between the two strains and their relatives further demonstrated that SYSU D00344T and SYSU D00433T represented two different novel genospecies. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified aminophospholipids, and two or four unidentified lipids. MK-7 was the only respiratory quinone. The major fatty acids (>10 %) for both strains were identified as iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), as well as summed feature 4 (anteiso-C17 : 1B and/or iso-C17 : 1I) for SYSU D00344T and C16 : 1ω5c for SYSU D00433T. On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, we propose Rufibacter roseolus sp. nov. and Rufibacter aurantiacus sp. nov. as two novel species in the genus

Rufibacter

. The type strains are SYSU D00344T (=CGMCC 1.8625T=MCCC 1K04971T=KCTC 82274T) and SYSU D00433T (=CGMCC 1.8617T=MCCC 1K04982T=KCTC 82277T), respectively.
Recruitment limitation increases susceptibility to fishing-induced collapse in a spawning aggregation fishery
Authors: Mason Erica T. Jarvis , Riecke Thomas V. , Bellquist Lyall F. , Pondella Daniel J. , Semmens Brice X.
Published: October 2023

Aggregation-based fisheries are notorious for booms and busts driven by aggregation discovery and subsequent fishing-induced collapse. However, environment-driven sporadic recruitment in some since-protected populations has delayed recovery, suggesting recruitment-limitation may be a key driver of their population dynamics and fishery recovery potential. To glean insight into this dynamic, we focused on an overexploited temperate aggregate spawner (Barred Sand Bass;Paralabrax nebulifer) and leveraged a long-term mark-recapture data set spanning different oceanographic and harvest histories in a custom Bayesian capture-mark-reencounter modeling framework. We coupled this demographic analysis with long-term trends in sea surface temperature, harvest, adult and juvenile densities, and historical accounts in the literature. Our results point to a history of multidecadal windows of fishing opportunity and fishing-induced collapse that were largely driven by sporadic, warm water recruitment events, which may be externally sourced. Nevertheless, we found that environment-driven sporadic recruitment was not a factor impeding recovery following the last collapse, as recruitment remained elevated due to novel, anomalously warm conditions. Despite signs of incipient population recovery, spawning aggregations remain absent, indicating other potential factors (e.g., continued fishing during spawning season, residual Allee effects) have delayed fishery recovery to date. Aggregate spawner populations that are dependent on sporadic recruitment, especially those at their geographic margins, are thus highly susceptible to sudden and potentially extended periods of collapse, making them ill-suited to high CPUE fishing that occurs on spawning grounds. If the goal is to balance the protection of spawning aggregations with long-term fishery sustainability, then limiting aggregation-based fishing during spawning season may be the best insurance policy against collapse and recovery failure.
GenePT: A Simple But Effective Foundation Model for Genes and Cells Built From ChatGPT
Authors: Chen Yiqun , Zou James
Published: October 2023

There has been significant recent progress in leveraging large-scale gene expression data to develop foundation models for single-cell biology. Models such as Geneformer and scGPT implicitly learn gene and cellular functions from the gene expression profiles of millions of cells, which requires extensive data curation and resource-intensive training. Here we explore a much simpler alternative by leveraging ChatGPT embeddings of genes based on literature. Our proposal, GenePT, uses NCBI text descriptions of individual genes with GPT-3.5 to generate gene embeddings. From there, GenePT generates single-cell embeddings in two ways: (i) by averaging the gene embeddings, weighted by each gene’s expression level; or (ii) by creating a sentence embedding for each cell, using gene names ordered by the expression level. Without the need for dataset curation and additional pretraining, GenePT is efficient and easy to use. On many downstream tasks used to evaluate recent single-cell foundation models — e.g., classifying gene properties and cell types — GenePT achieves comparable, and often better, performance than Geneformer and other models. GenePT demonstrates that large language model embedding of literature is a simple and effective path for biological foundation models.
Rapid establishment of species barriers in plants compared to animals
Authors: Monnet Francois , Postel Zoe , Touzet Pascal , Fraisse Christelle , Van de Peer Yves , Vekemans Xavier , Roux Camille
Published: October 2023

Speciation, the process through which new reproductively isolated species emerge from ancestral populations, occurs due to the gradual accumulation of barriers to gene flow within genomes. To date, the notion that interspecific genetic exchange occurs more frequently between plant species than animals species has gained a strong footing in the scientific discourse. By examining the dynamics of gene flow across a continuum of divergence in both kingdoms, we observe the opposite relationship: plants experience less introgression than animals at the same level of genetic divergence, suggesting that species barriers are established more rapidly in plants. This pattern raises questions about which differences in microevolutionary processes between plants and animals influence the dynamics of reproductive isolation establishment at the macroevolutionary scale.
PBRM-1/PBAF-regulated genes in a multipotent progenitor
Authors: Mathies Laura D. , Kim Andrew C. , Soukup Evan M. , Thomas Alan’da E. , Bettinger Jill C.
Published: October 2023

TheCaenorhabditis eleganssomatic gonadal precursors (SGPs) are multipotent progenitors that generate all somatic cells of the adult reproductive system. The two SGPs originate in the mesodermal layer and are born through a division that produces one SGP and one head mesodermal cell (hmc). One hmc terminally differentiates and the other dies by programmed cell death. The PBAF chromatin remodeling complex promotes the multipotent SGP fate. Complete loss of PBAF causes lethality, so we used a combination of Cre/lox recombination and GFP nanobody-directed protein degradation to eliminate PBRM-1, the signature subunit of the PBAF complex, from 83 mesodermal cells, including SGPs, body muscles, and the hmc. We used RNA sequencing to identify genes acting downstream of PBAF in these cells and identified 1955 transcripts that were significantly differentially expressed betweenpbrm-1(-)andpbrm-1(+)in the mesoderm of L1 larvae. We found that genes involved in muscle cell function were overrepresented; most of these genes had lower expression in the absence of PBRM-1, suggesting that PBAF promotes muscle differentiation. Among the differentially expressed genes were 125 genes that are normally expressed at higher levels in SGPvs. hmc and positively regulated bypbrm-1and 53 that are normally expressed at higher levels in hmcvs. SGP and are negatively regulated bypbrm-1;these are candidate regulators of the SGP/hmc fate decision. We validated one candidate gene using a fluorescent reporter; thehsp-12.3reporter was derepressed in SGPs inpbrm-1 mutants, suggesting thathsp-12.3expression is normally repressed bypbrm-1in SGPs.
Dysphagia as a missing link between post-surgical- and opioid-related pneumonia
Authors: Frazure Michael , Greene Clinton L. , Iceman Kimberly E. , Howland Dena R. , Pitts Teresa
Published: October 2023

Objective

Postoperative pneumonia remains a common complication of surgery, despite increased attention. The purpose of our study was to determine the effects of routine surgery and post-surgical opioid administration on airway protection risk.

Methods

Eight healthy adult cats were evaluated for dysphagia in 2 experiments. 1) In 4 female cats airway protection status was tracked following routine abdominal surgery (spay surgery) plus low-dose opioid administration (buprenorphine 0.015mg/kg, IM, q8-12h;n=5). 2) Using a cross-over design (2 male, 2 female) cats were treated with moderate (0.02mg/kg) or high (0.04mg/kg) dose buprenorphine (IM, q8-12h;n=5) to determine changes in airway protection status or evidence of dysphagia.

Results

Airway protection was significantly affected in both experiments, but most severely post-surgically where 75% of the animals exhibited silent aspiration.

Conclusion

Oropharyngeal swallow is impaired by the partial mu-opioid receptor agonist buprenorphine, most remarkably in the post-operative setting. These findings have implications for the prevention and management of aspiration pneumonia in vulnerable populations.
Diffusion Deep Learning for Brain Age Prediction and Longitudinal Tracking in Children Through Adulthood
Authors: Zapaishchykova Anna , Tak Divyanshu , Ye Zezhong , Liu Kevin X. , Likitlersuang Jirapat , Vajapeyam Sridhar , Chopra Rishi B. , Seidlitz Jakob , Bethlehem Richard AI ,   Lifespan Brain Chart Consortium, Mak Raymond H. , Mueller Sabine , Haas-Kogan Daphne A. , Poussaint Tina Y. , Aerts Hugo J.W.L. , Kann Benjamin H.
Published: October 2023

Deep learning (DL)-based prediction of biological age in the developing human from a brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) (“brain age”) may have important diagnostic and therapeutic applications as a non-invasive biomarker of brain health, aging, and neurocognition. While previous deep learning tools for predicting brain age have shown promising capabilities using single-institution, cross-sectional datasets, our work aims to advance the field by leveraging multi-site, longitudinal data with externally validated and independently implementable code to facilitate clinical translation and utility. This builds on prior foundational efforts in brain age modeling to enable broader generalization and individual’s longitudinal brain development. Here, we leveraged 32,851 T1-weighted MRI scans from healthy children and adolescents aged 3 to 30 from 16 multisite datasets to develop and evaluate several DL brain age frameworks, including a novel regression diffusion DL network (AgeDiffuse). In a multisite external validation (5 datasets), we found that AgeDiffuse outperformed conventional DL frameworks, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.78 years (IQR:[1.2-3.9]). In a second, separate external validation (3 datasets), AgeDiffuse yielded an MAE of 1.97 years (IQR: [0.8-2.8]). We found that AgeDiffuse brain age predictions reflected age- related brain structure volume changes better than biological age (R2=0.48 vs R2=0.37). Finally, we found that longitudinal predicted brain age tracked closely with chronological age at the individual level. To enable independent validation and application, we made AgeDiffuse publicly available and usable for the research community.

Highlights

Diffusion regression models trained with a large dataset (AgeDiffuse) enable accurate pediatric brain age prediction.

AgeDiffuse demonstrates relatively stable performance on multiple external validation sets across people aged 3 – 30.

Our pipeline is made publicly accessible, encouraging collaboration and progress in pediatric brain research.
Cancer-on-a-chip model shows that the adenomatous polyposis coli mutation impairs T cell engagement and killing of cancer spheroids
Authors: Bonnet Valentin , Maikranz Erik , Madec Marianne , Vertti-Quintero Nadia , Cuche Céline , Mastrogiovanni Marta , Alcover Andrés , Bartolo Vincenzo Di , Baroud Charles N.
Published: October 2023

Evaluating the ability of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to eliminate tumor cells is crucial, for instance to predict the efficiency of cell therapy in personalized medicine. However, the destruction of a tumor by CTLs involves CTL migration in the extra-tumoral environment, accumulation on the tumor, antigen recognition, and cooperation in killing the cancer cells. Therefore, identifying the limiting steps in this complex process requires spatio-temporal measurements of different cellular events over long periods. Here, we use a cancer-on-a-chip platform to evaluate the impact of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutation on CTL migration and cytotoxicity against 3D tumor spheroids. The APC mutated CTLs are found to have a reduced ability to destroy tumor spheroids compared with control cells, even though APC mutants migrate in the extra-tumoral space and accumulate on the spheroids as efficiently as control cells. Once in contact with the tumor however, mutated CTLs display reduced engagement with the cancer cells, as measured by a new metric that distinguishes different modes of CTL migration. Realigning the CTL trajectories around localized killing cascades reveals that all CTLs transition to high engagement in the two hours preceding the cascades, which confirms that the low engagement is the cause of reduced cytotoxicity. Beyond the study of APC mutations, this platform offers a robust way to compare cytotoxic cell efficiency of even closely related cell types, by relying on a multiscale cytometry approach to disentangle complex interactions and to identify the steps that limit the tumor destruction.
Extracellular matrix sulfation in the tumor microenvironment stimulates cancer stemness and invasiveness
Authors: Kuşoğlu Alican , Örnek Deniz , Dansık Aslı , Uzun Ceren , Özkan Sena Nur , Sarıca Sevgi , Yangın Kardelen , Özdinç Şevval , Sorhun Duygu Turan , Solcan Nuriye , Doğanalp Efe Can , Arlov Øystein , Cunningham Katherine , Karaoğlu İsmail C. , Kizilel Seda , Solaroglu Ihsan , Bulutay Pınar , Fırat Pınar , Erus Suat , Tanju Serhan , Dilege Şükrü , Vunjak-Novakovic Gordana , Tuncbag Nurcan , Öztürk Ece
Published: October 2023

Tumor extracellular matrices (ECM) exhibit aberrant changes in composition and mechanics compared to normal tissues. Proteoglycans (PG) are vital regulators of cellular signaling in the ECM with ability to modulate receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation via their sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) side chains. However, their role on tumor cell behavior is controversial. Here, we demonstrate that PGs are heavily expressed in lung adenocarcinoma patients in correlation with invasive phenotype and poor prognosis. We developed a bioengineered human lung tumor model which recapitulates the increase of sGAGs in tumors in an organotypic matrix with independent control of stiffness, viscoelasticity, ligand density and porosity. Our model reveals that increased sulfation stimulates extensive proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness in cancer cells. We identified the FAK-PI3K-mTOR signaling axis as a mediator of sulfation-induced molecular changes in cells upon activation of a distinct set of RTKs within tumor-mimetic hydrogels. We demonstrate that the transcriptomic landscape of tumor cells in response to increased sulfation resembles native PG-rich patient tumors through employing integrative omics and network modeling approaches.
Supercharged Fluorescent Protein-Apoferritin Cocrystals for Lighting Applications
Authors: Patrian Marta , Shaukat Ahmed , Nieddu Mattia , Banda-Vázquez Jesús A. , Timonen Jaakko V. I. , Fuenzalida-Werner JP , Anaya□Plaza Eduardo , Kostiainen Mauri A. , Costa Rubén D.
Published: October 2023

The design of lighting sources based on fluorescent proteins (FPs) has been limited by the lack of protocols to stabilize FPs under preparation (deposition techniques, organic solvents,etc.) and working (temperature, irradiation,etc.) conditions. As a critical bottleneck, photo-induced heat generation due to FP motion and quick heat transfer leads to working device temperatures ofca. 70 °C, resulting in a quick FP-denaturation and, in turn, a quick loss of the device performance. Herein, we showcase FP stabilization for lighting devices with an electrostatically self-assembled FP-apoferritin cocrystals embedded in a silicone-based color down-converting filter. This strategy highlights three major advances:i) engineering of positively supercharged FPs (+22) without losing photoluminescence and thermal stability compared to its native form,ii) a crystallization protocol resulting in highly emissive cocrystals keeping the photoluminescence features of the FPs, andiii) a 40-fold increase of the lighting device stability compared to reference devices due to the reduction of the device working temperatures to 40 °C. Thus, the success of this multidisciplinary approach contributes toward developing stable energy-related protein-based optoelectronics.