bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Asthma-related Quality of Life in a Large Cohort of Asthmatics: Towards a New Vison on Feno – A Cross-sectional Study in a Secondary Care Center 
Authors: Louis Gilles , Pétré Benoit , Schleich Florence , Zahraei Halehsadat Nekoee , Donneau Anne-Françoise , Silvestre Aude , Henket Monique , Paulus Virginie , Guissard Françoise , Guillaume Michèle , Louis Renaud
Published: December 2020

Background: In recent decades, measures of asthma-related quality of life have become important outcomes alongside clinical objective outcomes. In this study we sought to investigate the predictors of asthma-related quality of life in a large cohort of patients recruited from a secondary care center. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on asthmatics recruited from the asthma clinic of Chu Liège (Belgium). After carrying out a descriptive analysis highlighting the distribution of the mini asthma quality of life questionnaire (Mini-AQLQ) and its 4 dimensions (symptoms, activity limitation, emotional function and environmental stimuli), we performed a multiple regression analysis to identify the independent predictors of AQLQ.Results: The median score (IQR) of global AQLQ was 4,53 (3,47-5,6), while the median score of symptom dimension, activity dimension, emotional dimension and environmental dimension were 4,2(3,2-5,4), 4,8 (3,3-6), 4,7 (3,3-6) et 4,7 (3,7-6) respectively. Multiple regression beta analysis showed that AQLQ and its 4 dimensions were primarily associated with asthma control test (ACT) (p<0,0001 in all instances). Female gender was associated with altered asthma quality of life for its activity and environmental dimension (p<0,05 for both), while current smokers had a greater asthma quality of life in its environmental dimension (p<0,0001). Receiving any asthma treatment was associated with impaired asthma quality of life in its emotional dimension. BMI was associated with impaired asthma quality of life in its activity dimension (p<0,0001), while the reverse was found regarding FeNO (p<0,0001). Conclusion: Asthma control is the main predictor of asthma-related quality of life, but demographic factors like gender, smoking status and BMI may impact some dimensions of the asthma quality of life. FeNO is an independent predictor of the activity dimension of AQLQ and positively associated with it.
Dietary choline enhanced skin immune response of juvenile grass carp might be related to STAT3 and NF-kB signaling pathway (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Authors: Yuan Ze-Hong , Feng Lin , Jiang Wei-dan , Wu Pei , Liu Yang , Jiang Jun , Kuang Sheng-yao , Tang Ling , Zhou Xiao-Qiu
Published: December 2020

Background: Choline is an indispensable vitamin of fish; which deficiency affects fish health. Fish health is affected by skin immune function. Hence, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary choline on skin immune function as well as underlying mechanisms of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).Results: The results exhibited that dietary choline (1) advanced the content of phosphatidylcholine (PC), betaine, and choline in grass crap skin (P < 0.05), up-regulated the mRNA abundance of choline transporter CHT1, CTL5, and CTL1 indicating that dietary choline could increase the contents of choline might be connected with choline transporters in the grass carp skin; (2) receded skin lesion and increased the level of IgM, C4, C3, and the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and lysozyme activity (LZ), raised mucin2, β-defensin, hepcidin, and LEAP-2B mRNA abundance (rather than LEAP-2A), down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA abundance (IFN-γ2, IL-15, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12P40, and IL-1β) in skin of juvenile grass carp (P < 0.05), up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines mRNA abundance ( IL-10, IL-4/13A, TGF-β1, IL-11, and IL-4/13B) in grass crap skin (P < 0.05) demonstrating that choline enhanced the skin immune function; (3) down-regulated the mRNA abundance of IKKγ, NF-κBp52, , IKKβ, c-Rel, NF-κBp65, STAT3b2, STAT3b1 JAK1, and JAK2 as well as protein level of NF-κBp65 and p-STAT3 Tyr705 in nucleus, inhibited the mRNA and protein level of IkBα (P < 0.05), indicating that choline enhanced immune function might be relevant to JAK/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathway in fish skin.Conclusions: In conclusion, choline enhanced the skin immune function might be relate to JAK/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling molecules in fish. Furthermore, based on immune indices of grass carp (9.28-108.97g) skin (C3 and IgM contents as well as ACP activities), the choline requirements were estimated to be 1475.81, 1364.24, and 1574.37 mg/kg diet, respectively.
Determination of genetic effects and functional SNPs of bovine HTR1B gene on milk fatty acid traits
Authors: Cao Mingyue , Shi Lijun , Peng Peng , Han Bo , Liu Lin , Lv Xiaoqing , Ma Zhu , Zhang Shengli , Sun Dongxiao
Published: December 2020

Background: Our previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) on milk fatty acid traits in Chinese Holstein cows revealed, the SNP, BTB-01556197, was significantly associated with C10:0 at genome-wide level (P = 0.0239). It was located in the down-stream of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (HTR1B) gene that has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation. Hence, we considered it as a promising candidate gene for milk fatty acids in dairy cattle. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the HTR1B gene had significant genetic effects on milk fatty acid traits.Results: We re-sequenced the entire coding region and 3,000 bp of 5' and 3' flanking regions of HTR1B gene. A total of 13 SNPs was identified, containing one in 5' flanking region, two in 5' untranslated region (UTR), two in exon 1, five in 3' UTR, and three in 3' flanking region. By performing genotype-phenotype association analysis with SAS9.2 software, we observed that 13 SNPs were significantly associated with medium-chain saturated fatty acids such as C6:0, C8:0 and C10:0 (P < 0.0001 ~ 0.042). With Haploview 4.1 software, linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis was performed that two haplotype blocks formed by two and ten SNPs were observed. Haplotype-based association analysis indicated that both haplotype blocks were strongly associated with C6:0, C8:0 and C10:0 as well (P < 0.0001 ~ 0.0071). With regards to the missense mutation in exon 1 (g.17303383G>T) that reduced amino acid change from alanine to serine, we predicted that it altered the secondary structure of HTR1B protein with SOPMA. In addition, we predicted that three SNPs in promoter region, g.17307103A>T, g.17305206T>G and g.17303761C>T, altered the binding sites of transcription factors (TFs) HMX2, PAX2, FOXP1ES, MIZ1, CUX2, DREAM, and PPAR-RXR by Genomatix. Of them, luciferase assay experiment further confirmed that the allele T of g.17307103A>T significantly increased the transcriptional activity of HTR1B gene than allele A (P = 0.0007).Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings provided first evidence that the HTR1B gene had significant genetic effects on milk fatty acids in dairy cattle.
On Big Data Forensic - A Case For Forensic Cloud Environment
Authors: Tabona Oteng , Maupong Thabiso , Ramokapane Kopo , Semong Thabo , Mphago Banyatsang
Published: December 2020

Background The high rise in electronic devices in modern-day society has resulted in crimes in cyber-related crimes as criminals resort to hacking, illegal use of these devices. This is primarily due to perceived high rewards and low chances of being apprehended. The rise in cyber crimes poses a significant challenge to forensic investigators as now they have to process huge volumes of data from a variety of sources within a limited time. This results in investigators taking longer to process cases and in some instances missing links as they deal with data from a variety of sources. Findings In this paper, we provide a definition of big data forensics, and then we discuss the challenges associated with digital forensics investigations when dealing with big data. We provide details on how volume, variety, and velocity all pose a huge challenge in digital forensics investigations. We then discuss how a novel solution called Forensic Cloud Environment (FCE) leverages the power of Hadoop, HBase, and MapReduce to provide a solution for big data forensic challenges. Conclusion In conclusion, the fact that FCE provides an environment to store huge volumes of data from a variety of sources allows for an improved processing time of data. Hence, providing an environment for big data forensics for the future.
Modeling the possibilities of economic adaptation of trade enterprises and hospitality industry in the context of epidemiological zoning
Authors: Melnyk Iryna , Turyanskyy Yuriy , Mishchuk Ihor , Mitsenko Nataliіa , Godunko Roksolana
Published: December 2020

The article identifies the negative impact of the coronavirus crisis on the expected efficiency of retail, hotel, restaurant and tourism businesses. The aim of the paper is to develop a methodological algorithm for short-term forecasting of opportunities to restore the effective activity of enterprises under quarantine restrictions.Seasonal component adjustments were performed in the Demetra+ software. Modeling the recovery of effective activity included an assessment of the influence of macroparameters on the dynamics of an enterprise’s sales volumes under pre-quarantine conditions, defining the size of economic losses, determining coefficients of macroindicators’ dynamic influence under conditions of differentiation of quarantine restrictions, constructing a matrix of multiple regression equations, which clearly demonstrates the forecast prospects for restoring the effective activity of enterprises, depending on the quarantine zoning. A situational model of the possible scenario dynamics of enterprises’ trade turnover was built taking into account the quarantine zoning and the logical transformational algorithms of influence on variable system parameters caused by it. The thermometer principle was used as a fuzzy logic tool to consider the specifics of the dynamics of various linguistic variables and bring the forecast model as close as possible to the epidemiological zoning logic. Approbation of the methodology revealed a clear correlation between the severity of quarantine restrictions and the expected growth of enterprise activity amounts. In a more advanced form, the method should be used for short-term macroeconomic forecasting when determining quarantine restrictions and epidemiological zoning.
(1/G')-Expansion Method for Exact Solutions of (3+1)-Dimensional Jimbo-Miwa Equation
Authors: YOKUŞ Asıf , DURUR Hülya
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this article is obtaining the exact solutions for (3+1)-dimensional Jimbo-Miwa Equation (3+1DJME). The (1/G')-expansion method which is an effective method in solving nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs) is used. Then, 3D, contour and 2D graphics are presented by giving special values to the constants in the solutions obtained. These graphics are a special solution of the (3+1DJME) and represent a stationary wave of the equation. Ready computer package program is used to obtain the solutions and graphics presented in this study.
Kavut Ununun Besinsel Bileşimi ve Antioksidan Kapasitesinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ERİM KÖSE Yağmur
Published: December 2020

Van yöresi başta olmak üzere, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde sık tüketilen geleneksel kahvaltılık çeşitlerinden biri de kavuttur. Kavut; kavut unu olarak isimlendirilen ve buğdayın öğütülüp, kavrulmasıyla elde edilen tam buğday ununun, şeker, süt ve yağ ile pişirildikten sonra, isteğe göre bal veya reçelle tatlandırılan lezzetli ve besleyici bir gıdadır. Bu çalışmada; Van yöresindeki farklı üreticilerden 20 adet kavut unu temin edilerek, fizikokimyasal ve enzimatik değişimleri incelenmiş, toplam fenolik madde ve antioksidan aktiviteleri araştırılmıştır. Karbonhidrat içeriği oldukça yüksek bulunan kavut unlarında en yüksek değer %75.49 olarak bulunmuştur. Lipaz enzim aktivitesi ortalama 2.12 U g-1 olarak hesaplanan çalışmada, enzim aktivitesinin kavurma prosesiyle birlikte tamamen inaktif hale gelemediği ancak büyük oranda kısıtlandığı kanısına varılmıştır. Metanol çözücüsü kullanılarak elde edilen kavut unu ekstraktlarının antioksidan aktiviteleri DPPH ve TEAK yöntemleri kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Kavut unlarının toplam fenolik madde miktarı 2404.167-2716.667 mgGAE kg-1 arasında değişmekte olup, antioksidan aktivite değerleri sırasıyla ortalama %42.642 ve 12.972 mmol troloks g-1 olarak belirlenmiştir.
Adaption of COBRA Method for The Investigation of Nutrition-Based DNA Methylation Mechanism in Escherichia coli
Authors: KOÇ Taha Yasin , GÜLLÜCE Medine , ALAYLAR Burak , KARADAYI Mehmet
Published: December 2020

Epigenetics are changes that occur in the DNA sequence due to environmental conditions. In last few decades epigenetics has been one of the most important advances in biology and related fields. It is very important in that it offers a new approach to all relevant disciplines, especially biology, to explain how DNA sequencing in an epigenetic organism is affected by environmental conditions and phenotype changes that may result from this interaction. Although there are many environmental factors affecting organisms, starvation is one of the most important factors. In our study, epigenetic changes in Escherichia coli due to carbon starvation in the sprE (rssB) gene region were investigated by COBRA (Combined Bisulfite Restriction Analysis) technique, which is one of the quantitative methylation analyzes. As a result of the current results, it has been shown that the methylation status of the 16th CpG islet located in the sprE gene region does not play a role in the regulation of fasting metabolism in E. coli due to the restriction of the carbon level.
Nitric Oxide Molecule as A Potential Target of Alternative Strategies for the Diagnosis of Subclinical Mastitis in Cows
Authors: GÜLMEZ Canan , ATAKİSİ Onur
Published: December 2020

The mastitis is an important disease affecting daily milk yield and quality in lactating cows, it negatively affects both animal welfare and economic income. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of subclinical mastitis on nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant capacity (TOC), albumin, total protein, globulin, glucose and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activity (GGT) levels in plasma. The research was carried out in Brown Swiss and Holstein cows. The mammary lobes of the animals were scanned with the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and those with subclinical mastitis were identified. Samples with CMT (-) were classified as healthy (n = 10) and those with CMT (+) were classified as subclinical mastitis group (n = 10). The study presented is a basic feature and results clearly showed that significant amounts of NO was released in plasma during subclinical mastitis. There was no statistically significant difference between cows with or without subclinical mastitis for plasma TAC, TOC, albumin, total protein, globulin, glucose, albumin/globulin levels and GGT activity. Consequently, nitric oxide is an important mediator in subclinical mastitis as a potential target of therapeutic strategies and can be evaluated in alternative diagnosis.
Resilience Planning and Urbanization Experience of Bayburt
Authors: DURSUN Defne , DURSUN Doğan , GÜLLER Cansu
Published: December 2020

Negative developments in the environment of the modern world such as pollution, disasters, scarcity of different sources and water resources, climate change and global effects of any local changes requires taking precautions and introduce the need for new approaches. The concept of “resilience” becomes a current issue in this process and it develops existing discussions on sustainability, management of risks and governance. Resilience is a capacity of system to cope with external unexpected risks. In the urban area, the concept means adaptation and coping capacity of urban systems against shocks and risks which may arise, disasters and emergencies. The main aim of this study is to evaluate existing urbanization practices of Bayburt in terms of the concept of resilience. In this context, consistency of existing urbanization dynamics and ecological system is questioned with resilience perspective. In the first stage, the resilience concept and its offers in the planning area are discussed. Then, framework for the analysis of Bayburt is presented. In the last part, economic, social and ecological risks are determined for the case study of Bayburt. In this stage, economic, social and ecological indicators (such as the change of employment, income and main economic activities; changing population, education and migration status, dependency ratios and welfare; changing land use characteristics in historical process) were used to define the existing situation of the city. Also, old plans of the city are analyzed. The findings show that urbanization policy and practices in Bayburt are the reasons of ecological risks. New planning approach should immediately be developed with the resilience perspective. Otherwise, the city will be faced with big risks in the near future in terms of livability.
İkinci Ürün Tatlı Sorgum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] ’un Şanlıurfa Koşullarında Bazı Tarımsal ve Teknolojik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ADIYAMAN Cemile , ERBİL Erdal , ÇELİK Ayşegül , HATİPOĞLU Halil , AKSOY Mine , ACAR Mustafa , DOK Mahmut
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma, 2016-2017 yıllarında ikinci ürün olarak GAP Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğüne bağlı Talat Demirören araştırma istasyonunda altı tatlı sorgum (Dale, M81-E, PHS 12-10, Urja, Top 76-6, Theis) çeşidinin bazı tarımsal ve teknolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuş, parseller sıra arası 70 cm, sıra üzeri 20 cm olacak şekilde beş sıralı olarak düzenlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; çeşitlerin ana sap çapları 22.53-28.83 mm, yeşil ot verimi dekara 10 633-16 172 kg arasında, yapraksız sap verimi dekara 9 117-13 413 kg arasında değişmiştir. Teknolojik özelliklerden, kuru madde oranı %19.1-26.1, özsu verimi, şeker verimi ve biyoetanol verimi sırasıyla 3 658-5 163 l da-1, 394-928 kg da-1 ve 160-237 l da-1 arasında değişmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, tatlı sorgum çeşitlerinin farklı kullanılması amaçlandığında; yeşil ot verimi, özsu verimi, şeker verimi yönünden Urja, biyoetanol verimi bakımından ise M81 E çeşidi tavsiye edilen çeşitler olmuşlardır.
Stokastik Parametre Değerlerine Sahip Hiyerarşik Çinli Postacı Problemi ve Bir Uygulama
Authors: ÇOMAKLI SÖKMEN Özlem , YILMAZ Mustafa
Published: December 2020

Ülkelerin ekonomik ve sosyal gelişimini büyük oranda etkileyen ulaşım sektörüne ve dolayısıyla rotalama problemlerine verilen önem gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Günümüzde gerek kamu kuruluşları, gerekse özel sektörlerde rotalama faaliyetlerinde maliyet azaltıcı politikaların izlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda bir ürün veya kişinin gideceği yere en kısa sürede ve en az maliyetle ulaştırılması önem arz etmektedir. Rotalama problemleri ayrıt rotalama ve düğüm rotalama olmak üzere ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ayrıt rotalama problemlerinden biri olup öncelik ilişkilerine göre sınıflandırılmış ayrıtlardan en az bir kez geçilerek en kısa tur veya turların bulunmasını hedefleyen hiyerarşik Çinli postacı problemi (HÇPP) ele alınmıştır. Gerçek hayat problemlerinin birçoğunda belirsizlik nedeniyle parametreler rasgele değişken olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bir şebekede düğümler arasındaki ulaşım süresi; hava şartları, trafik yoğunluğu gibi çeşitli sebeplerden ötürü değişkenlik gösterdiği için bu çalışmada HÇPP, şans kısıtlı stokastik programlama yaklaşımı ile çözülmüştür. Çalışmada rasgele değişken olan amaç fonksiyonu katsayılarının normal dağılıma sahip olması durumunda ortaya çıkan şans kısıtlı stokastik programlama modeli kullanılarak deterministik model oluşturulmuştur. Geliştirilen stokastik parametre değerlerine sahip matematiksel model GAMS 24.2.3 paket programında CPLEX çözücü kullanılarak çözülmüştür.
Hindiba ile Ak Üçgül veya Domuz Ayrığı Karışımlarının Silaj Kalitesinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: CAN Mehmet , ACAR Zeki , AYAN İlknur , GÜLÜMSER Erdem , MUT Hanife
Published: December 2020

Türkiye de kaliteli kaba yem üretimini artırmanın yanında, üretilen yemi hayvanların tüketeceği zamana kadar en az kalite kaybı ile muhafaza etmek çok önemlidir. Bu noktada ülkemizde hem üretilen yem bitkisi türlerinin arttırılması, hem de yeni türlerin silaj yapım tekniklerinin ortaya konulması gereklidir. Bu çalışmada hindibanın (Cichorium intybus L.) “H” ak üçgül (Trifolium repens L) “AÜ” veya domuz ayrığı (Dactylis glomerata L.) “DA” ile karışımlarının (% 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60 ve 20:80) silaj kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bitkiler silaj amacıyla hasat edildikten sonra 2 cm boyutunda parçalanmıştır. Daha sonra vakum poşetlerine doldurularak 25±2 oC’de 45 gün süre ile silolanmıştır. Silo örneklerinde 45. gün sonunda kuru madde oranı, pH, ham protein oranı, laktik asit, asetik asit, bütürik asit oranı ile potasyum, fosfor, kalsiyum, magnezyum, sodyum, demir, mangan, çinko, bakır ve molibden içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Silajların Flieg puanı 75.60 ile 99.62 arasında değişmiş ve silajlar iyi ve pekiyi kalite sınıfında yer almıştır. En yüksek ham protein oranı yalın ak üçgül (% 19.11), % 40H+60AÜ (% 18.26) ve % 20H+80AÜ (% 18.39), en düşük ise % 12.11 ile yalın domuz ayrığı silajında belirlenmiştir. Silajlarda asetik ve bütürik asit sırasıyla % 0.048-0.224 ve % 0.002-0.015 arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek laktik asit oranı % 3.088 (yalın domuz ayrığı), % 2.925 (% 20H+80DA), % 2.739 (% 20H+80AÜ) ve % 2.811 (% 40H+60AÜ) olmuştur. Mineral içerikler bakımından hindiba ile ak üçgül karışımları daha üstün performans göstermiştir. Buna göre tüm silaj kalite özellikleri birlikte değerlendirildiğinde; hindibanın ak üçgül ile 40:60 ve 20:80 karışımlarından elde edilen silajların daha iyi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Various Cell Therapy Approaches for Bone Diseases in the Controlled Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Study
Authors: Bouhlouli Mahboubeh , Izadi Neda , Khojasteh Arash
Published: December 2020

The objective of this review was to answer two critical questions in the cell-based bone
defect therapies that were as follows: 1) does cell therapy associate with the increase in the occurrence
of adverse events in the patients compared to control groups, 2) does the use of various cell
therapy approaches, including More-than Minimal Manipulation (MMM) and Minimal Manipulation
(MM), affect the occurrence of adverse events? An electronic literature search was performed
in five databases. The controlled clinical trial studies were selected according to the eligibility criteria.
Then, they were categorized into MMM and MM approaches, and a meta-analysis of the controlled
clinical trials on the occurrence of adverse events was conducted. 23 controlled clinical
trials, including 10 MMM (n=341 patients) and 13 MM (n=503 patients) approaches were assessed
in this study. Bone defects were oral-maxillofacial defects (7MMM and 8MM), osteonecrosis of
the femoral head (1MMM and 5MM), long bone shaft fracture (1MMM), and bone defect during
revision total hip arthroplasty (1MMM). Cells were isolated from various tissues such as bone marrow
(5MMM and 10MM), the dental pulp (2MMM and 2MM), adipose tissue (2MMM), periosteum
(1MMM), and peripheral blood (1MMM). Notably, the adverse events were reported in 37 patients,
and 3 patients in MMM and MM approaches, respectively. A meta-analysis demonstrated
that there was no association between cell therapy and the occurrence of adverse events. Also, the
MMM approach (OR: 1.46) has a higher chance of the occurrence of adverse events compared to
the MM approach (OR: 0.71). These results suggested that cell therapy, specifically the MM approach,
is safe to improve bone regeneration. Also, future systematic reviews should evaluate the
efficacy of these cell therapy approaches.
Application of Nitrogen Heterocyclic Carbenes in Organocatalysis
Authors: Ojha Minita , Bansal R. K.
Published: December 2020

Background:

During the last two decades, horizon of research in the field of Nitrogen
Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHC) has widened remarkably. NHCs have emerged as ubiquitous species
having applications in a broad range of fields, including organocatalysis and organometallic chemistry.
The NHC-induced non-asymmetric catalysis has turned out to be a fruitful area of research in
recent years.

Methods:

By manipulating structural features and selecting appropriate substituent groups, it has
been possible to control the kinetic and thermodynamic stability of a wide range of NHCs, which
can be tolerant to a variety of functional groups and can be used under mild conditions. NHCs are
produced by different methods, such as deprotonation of N-alkylhetrocyclic salt, transmetallation,
decarboxylation and electrochemical reduction.

Results:

The NHCs have been used successfully as catalysts for a wide range of reactions making
a large number of building blocks and other useful compounds accessible. Some of these reactions
are: benzoin condensation, Stetter reaction, Michael reaction, esterification, activation of esters,
activation of isocyanides, polymerization, different cycloaddition reactions, isomerization, etc. The
present review includes all these examples published during the last 10 years, i.e., from 2010 till
date.

Conclusion:

The NHCs have emerged as versatile and powerful organocatalysts in synthetic organic
chemistry. They provide the synthetic strategy which does not burden the environment with
metal pollutants and thus fits in the Green Chemistry.
A Review and Catalog of Security Metric during the Secure Software Development Life Cycle
Authors: Sampada G.C. , Sake Tende Ivo , Amrita
Published: December 2020

Background:

With the advancement in the field of software development, software poses
threats and risks to customers’ data and privacy. Most of these threats are persistent because security
is mostly considered as a feature or a non-functional requirement, not taken into account during the
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC).

Introduction:

In order to evaluate the security performance of a software system, it is necessary to
integrate the security metrics during the SDLC. The appropriate security metrics adopted for each
phase of SDLC aids in defining the security goals and objectives of the software as well as quantify
the security in the software.

Methods:

This paper presents a review and catalog of security metrics that can be adopted during
the distinguishable phases of SDLC, security metrics for vulnerability and risk assessment reported
in the literature for secure development of software. The practices of these metrics enable software
security experts to improve the security characteristics of the software being developed. The critical
analysis of security metrics of each phase and their comparison are also discussed.

Results:

Security metrics obtained during the development processes help to improve the confidentiality,
integrity, and availability of software. Hence, it is imperative to consider security during the
development of the software, which can be done with the use of software security metrics.

Conclusion:

This paper reviews the various security metrics that are meditated in the copious phases
during the progression of the SDLC in order to provide researchers and practitioners with substantial
knowledge for adaptation and further security assessment.
Religious participation of persons with disabilities in Java, Indonesia. An explorative study
Authors: Franssen Sara , Irwanto Irwanto , Cornielje Huib
Published: December 2020

This descriptive qualitative study aims to explore the main physical and social barriers to accessibility of religious sites, services, and activities for people with physical disabilities in Indonesia and subsequently aims to explore possibilities to enhance their religious participation. A total of 28 interviewees participated in this research i.e., 16 self-indicated as Muslims and 12 as Christians. Among the male participants (n=16) were 10 Muslims and 6 Catholics, and among the female participants (n=12) were 6 Muslims and 6 Christians. Interviews and physical audits suggest serious need for improvements in accessibility and accommodation going to and within the establishment. Although majority of disabled persons interviewed for this study regularly participate in religious activities, they also notice that their basic needs and concerns are not being treated as priorities. Discourse on disability issues should be initiated and developed to create inclusive religious atmosphere.
The Influence of Reciprocal Teaching Towards the Critical Thinking Skill Improvement of Blind Students
Authors: Indriastuti Novi , Sugini Sugini , Anwar Mohammad
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine the influence of reciprocal teaching application in improving the critical thinking skill of visually impaired student in SLB-A YKAB Surakarta on the academic of year 2019/2020. This study is classified as pre-experimental research with the form of one group pretest-posttest design. The Subjects in this study were seven students from 5th-9th grades in SLB-A YKAB Surakarta. The seven students became the research subjects after being selected using purposive sampling technique. Some subject criteria set in this study include: visually impaired student who have reached formal operational stage according to Piaget’s theory, were able to read, write, listen, and speak fluently, and have problems in developing critical thinking skills. Data collection in this study was done through observation and oral test. The instrument used in this study was validated by measurement expert, psychologist, and linguist and was tested to visually impaired students in SMP MIS Surakarta. The results of expert validation and instrument trials indicate that this instrument was valid with a validity coefficient of 0.92-1 and reliable with a reliability coefficient of 0.975. Then the instrument was used to measure the critical thinking skill of research subject before and after being given treatment through the application of reciprocal teaching. The pretest and posttest data were analyzed using non-parametric statistic with Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test type at the significance level of 0.05. According to the data analysis using SPSS 25, the Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) value was obtained of 0.017. That value was smaller than 0.05, so that H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. Thus, the application of reciprocal teaching has a significant effect towards the critical thinking skill of visually impaired student in SLB-A YKAB Surakarta on the academic of year 2019/2020.
Les manuels utilisés dans l’enseignement du français en Russie au XVIIIe siècle: influences occidentales et leur réсeption en Russie
Authors: Vlassov Serguey
Published: December 2020

«Учебники, используемые в преподавании французского языка в России в XVIII веке : западные влияния и их рецепция в России» Статья посвящена анализу грамматик, «школьных» и «домашних»  «разговоров», букварей, использовавшихся в России сначала в частном преподавании французского языка детям Петра Великого (цесаревичу Алексею и будущей императрице Елизавете Петровне), а также в частных пансионах, а затем в государственных учебных заведениях Санкт-Петербурга (в академической гимназии, в Сухопутном шляхетном кадетском корпусе и в Морском кадетском корпусе) и Москвы (в гимназиях и, позднее, в Благородном пансионе при Московском университете). Как показало проведенное исследование, преподавание французского языка в России было сначала ориентировано на немецкие образцы, но затем французские модели учебников постепенно вытеснили своих немецких конкурентов благодаря адаптации к российским условиям прежде всего грамматики Ресто - в учебниках П. де Лаваля, Л. Бужо, Ж.-Р. Готье и других французских учителей, эмигрировавших в Россию при Елизавете Петровне и Екатерине II. Тем не менее влияние французской философской грамматики проявляется в преподавании французского языка в России лишь с 90-х годов XVIII в. – в грамматиках И. Соца (1790) и И. Фабиана (1799), так как ранее заимствования в грамматике Ресто из философской грамматики устранялись из переделок его грамматики в России. Кроме печатных источников, в статье рассматриваются некоторые неизданные материалы, хранящиеся в Архиве Академии наук, в Военно-морском архиве и в рукописных отделах Библиотеки Академии наук и Российской национальной библиотеки.
Conceptual History, Cultural History, Social History
Authors: Zhivov (†) Viktor
Published: December 2020

V. M. Zhivov’s introduction to Studies in Historical Semantics of the Russian Language in the Early Modern Period (2009), translated here for the first time, offers a critical survey of the historiography on Begriffsgeschichte, the German school of conceptual history associated with the work of Reinhart Koselleck, as well as of its application to the study of Russian culture.  By situating Begriffsgeschichte in the context of late-nineteenth and early twentieth-century European philosophy, particularly hermeneutics and phenomenology, the author points out the important, and as yet unacknowledged, role that Russian linguists have played in the development of a native school of conceptual history.  In the process of outlining this alternative history of the discipline, Zhivov provides some specific examples of the way in which the study of “historical semantics” can be used to analyze the development of Russian modernity.
Friends: Gilbert Romme and the Stroganovs
Authors: Frede Victoria Sophia
Published: December 2020

This article analyzes the intersection of sentimental codes of friendship and pedagogical theory in Russia and France in the second half of the eighteenth century, concentrating on a single group, Aleksandr Stroganov, Pavel Stroganov, and Gilbert Romme. Reading their correspondence in tandem with treatises on friendship and education, the article investigates how such key concepts as equality and virtue were understood at their time. It further explores how they negotiated differences in status and age in constructing what they called a friendship.
Монархия и реформы. Политические взгляды Н.И. Панина
Authors: Польской Сергей Викторович
Published: December 2020

Рецензия на книгу: Бугров К.Д. Монархия и реформы. Политические взгляды Н. И. Панина. Екатеринбург: Банк культурной информации, 2015. 272 с. (серия «Из истории России»)
La représentation de la Grande Ambassade de Pierre Ier (1697-1698) dans les journaux : la presse comme source pour les recherches historiques
Authors: Gouzévitch Dmitri , Gouzévitch Irina
Published: December 2020

Авторы указывают на ряд комплексных исследований, посвященных европейским газетам, как источнику по русской истории. При изучении Великого посольства (ВП) газеты используются давно и часто, но обычно это одни и те же издания. А ведь общее количество газетных статей, в которых говорилось о ВП, достигает нескольких тысяч. В статье анализируются некоторые из ранее не использовавшихся заметок. Так, показывается, что материал для некоторых из них в целях дезинформации поставляла сама Москва. Объясняется, почему немецкие, голландские и английские газеты пестрели информацией о ВП, а французские очень долго молчали. Приводятся примеры использования газетного материала при анализе конкретных фактов, в том числе, исторических анекдотов (посещение мастерской известного часовщика John Carte; знаменитая и скандальная, направленная против Франции речь Петра I при встрече с Вильгельмом III в Утрехте 1/11.9.1697; выяснение причины, по которой ВП изменило в Пруссии свой маршрут и поехало не в Австрию, а в Голландию).
Introduction: The Natural Turn in Early Modern Russian History
Authors: Graber Anna , Griffin Clare , Koroloff Rachel , Yoder Audra
Published: December 2020

This introduction to the Vivliofika special issue, Animal, Vegetable, Mineral, illuminates the rich scholarship examining ideas about nature in the early modern Russian context. Starting with the basic question of how early modern Russians conceived of the natural world, the authors explore the numerous ways in which this question has been asked and answered by Russian historians and historians of science from the mid-twentieth century on. Acknowledging that these questions have recently been treated differently, the authors argue for a ‘natural turn’ in the scholarship. This introduction brings together Anglophone and Russophone literature to sketch the state the field before offering a relatively brief but nuanced history of the concept of the ‘Three Kingdoms of Nature’ (Tria Regna Naturae) which frames the project as a whole. The authors show how the early eighteenth-century articulation of the Tria Regna Naturae sat at the confluence of ancient Greek, early Christian, and more modern, cameralist attempts to classify and divide, and thereby understand the natural world. Muscovite and early modern Russian approaches to the question of the natural world were influenced by this Western historiography, and yet they stood apart from those traditions in interesting ways detailed by the essays in this volume. Ultimately the authors here advance new methods for understanding how early modern Russians understood the natural world, methods which focus on the practices of knowledge making in general, and those of transcription, translation, and illustration in specific.
Произведения искусства и игры природы в каталогах минерального кабинета Кунсткамеры XVIII в.
Authors: Новгородова Дарья Дмитриевна
Published: December 2020

По описаниям в каталогах Минерального кабинета Кунсткамеры прослежено какими значениями в собрании минералов XVIII в. наделялись несколько плакеток флорентийской мозаики и как эти значения менялись. Рассматриваемые флорентийские мозаики в современном Минералогическом музее им. А.Е. Ферсмана РАН входят в коллекцию Поделочных и драгоценных камней, иллюстрирующую применение природного камня в искусстве, а в XVIII в. они обладали научными «минералогическими» значениями и отсылали к важному сюжету играющей Природы. Это их значение исчезает из описаний коллекции Минерального кабинета в 1788 г., однако нарратив lusus Naturae до настоящего времени сохраняется в устной музейной практике.

In this article we trace how several plaquettes of Florentine mosaics have been interpreted in the catalog descriptions of the Mineral Cabinet of the Kunstkamera in the eighteenth century and how these interpretations changed. The Florentine mosaics considered here are currently housed in the modern A. E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the special Сollection of Gems and Decorative Stones that serves to illustrate the use of natural stone in art. However, in the eighteenth century the mosaics carried scientific “mineralogical” meanings and illustrated the important theme of “playful nature.” This meaning disappears from the descriptions of the collections of the Mineral Cabinet in 1788, but the narrative lusus naturae is preserved in the oral tradition of the museum.
Зачем историку авантюрист?
Authors: Ларина Яна
Published: December 2020

Рецензия на книгу: Французский авантюрист при дворе Петра I: Письма и бумаги барона де Сент-Илера / авт. науч. сост. и науч. ред. И. И. Федюкин. Москва: Изд. дом Высшей школы экономики, 2018. 351 с.

Review of A French Adventurer at the Court of Peter I: The Letters and Papers of Baron de Saint-Hillaire. Edited by I. I. Fediukin. Moscow: Izd. Dom Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki, 2018, 351 p.
Reactance to Social Authority in Entertainment-Education Media: Protocol for a Web-Based Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Vandormael Alain , Adam Maya , Hachaturyan Violetta , Greuel Merlin , Favaretti Caterina , Gates Jennifer , Baernighausen Till
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Entertainment-education media can be an effective strategy for influencing health behaviors. To improve entertainment-education effectiveness, we seek to investigate whether the social authority of a person delivering a health message arouses the motivation to reject that message—a phenomenon known as reactance.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, using a short animated video, we aim to measure reactance to a sugar reduction message narrated by a child (low social authority), the child’s mother (equivalent social authority to the target audience), and a family physician (high social authority). The aims of the study are to determine the effect of the narrator’s perceived social authority on reactance to the sugar reduction message, establish the effectiveness of the video in improving behavioral intent to reduce the intake of added sugars, and quantify participants’ interest in watching the entertainment-education intervention video.

METHODS

This is a parallel group, randomized controlled trial comparing an intervention video narrated by a low, equivalent, or high social authority against a content placebo video and a placebo video. Using a web-based recruitment platform, we plan to enroll 4000 participants aged between 18 and 59 years who speak English and reside in the United Kingdom. The primary end points will include measures of the antecedents to reactance (proneness to reactance and threat level of the message), its components (anger and negative cognition), and attitudinal and behavioral intent toward sugar intake. We will measure behavioral intent using list experiments. Participants randomized to the placebo videos will be given a choice to watch one of the sugar-intervention videos at the end of the study to assess participant engagement with the entertainment-education video.

RESULTS

The study was approved by the ethics committee of Heidelberg University on March 18, 2020 (S-088/2020). Participant recruitment and data collection were completed in December 2020. The data analysis was completed in April 2021, and the final results are planned to be published by August 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

In this trial, we will use several randomization procedures, list experimentation methods, and new web-based technologies to investigate the effect of perceived social authority on reactance to a message about reducing sugar intake. Our results will inform the design of future entertainment-education videos for public health promotion needs.

CLINICALTRIAL

German Clinical Trials Registry DRKS00022340: https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00022340.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/25343
A Self-Assessment Web-Based App to Assess Trends of the COVID-19 Pandemic in France: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Denis Fabrice , Fontanet Arnaud , Le Douarin Yann-Mael , Le Goff Florian , Jeanneau Stephan , Lescure François-Xavier
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

We developed a self-assessment and participatory web-based triage app to assess the trends of the COVID-19 pandemic in France in March 2020.

OBJECTIVE

We compared daily large-scale RT–PCR test results to monitor recent reports of anosmia through a web-based app to assess the dynamics of emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions among individuals with COVID-19 in France.

METHODS

Between March 21 and November 18, 2020, users of the maladiecoronavirus.fr self-triage app were asked questions about COVID-19 symptoms. Data on daily hospitalizations, large-scale positive results on RT–PCR tests, emergency department visits, and ICU admission of individuals with COVID-19 were compared to data on daily reports of anosmia on the app.

RESULTS

As of November 18, 2020, recent anosmia was reported 575,214 times from among approximately 13,000,000 responses. Daily anosmia reports during peak engagement with the app on September 16, 2020, were spatially correlated with the peak in daily COVID-19–related hospitalizations in November 2020 (Spearman rank correlation coefficient [ρ]=0.77; P<.001). This peak in daily anosmia reports was observed primarily among young adults (age range 18-40 years), being observed 49 days before the peak of hospitalizations that corresponded to the first wave of infections among the young population, followed by a peak in hospitalizations among older individuals (aged ≥50 years) in November 2020. The reduction in the daily reports of anosmia associated with the peaks in the number of cases preceded the reduction in daily hospitalizations by 10 and 9 days during the first and the second waves of infection, respectively, although the reduction in the positivity rates on RT–PCR tests preceded the reduction in daily hospitalizations by only 2 days during the second wave of infections.

CONCLUSIONS

Data on daily reports of anosmia collected through a nationwide, web-based self-assessment app can be a relevant tool to anticipate surges in outbreaks, hospitalizations, and ICU admission during the COVID-19 pandemic.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04331171; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04331171
Una retórica revolucionaria: el caso de las poéticas centroamericanas
Authors: Romero Figueroa Edgar
Published: December 2020

La lectura de cuatro poetas centroamericanos: Ernesto Cardenal, Roberto Sosa, Otto René Castillo y Roque Dalton permite esbozar la caracterización de una cierta poesía revolucionaria de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, desde una perspectiva retórico-discursiva. Para ello, se cuestiona la función que algunos dispositivos retóricos específicos (figuras como la metáfora o estrategias complejas, y por ende difícilmente clasificables, como el motivo o topos) cumplen en los proyectos poético-revolucionarios.Abstract: Through the work of four Central American poets: Ernesto Cardenal, Roberto Sosa, Otto René Castillo, and Roque Dalton, we describe the features of certain revolutionary poetry of the second half of the 20th century, from a rhetorical and discourse theory perspective. For this, we question the function of some specific rhetorical devices (figures like the metaphor or complex strategies, therefore difficult to classify, as the motif or topos) in revolutionary poetic projects.Key words: Central American poets, Central America, revolution, rhetoric, second half of 20th century.Résumé : La lecture de quatre poètes centre-américains, Ernesto Cardenal, Roberto Sosa, Otto René Castillo et Roque Dalton permet d’esquisser la caractérisation d’une certaine poésie révolutionnaire de la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle depuis une perspective réthorico-discursive. Pour ce faire, nous interrogeons la fonction de certains dispositifs rhétoriques précis (figures de style telles que la métaphore mais aussi stratégies complexes et donc difficilement classables, comme le motif et le topos) dans les projets poético-révolutionnaires.Mots-clés : poètes centre-américains, Amérique centrale, révolution, rhétorique, deuxième moitié du XXe siècle.