bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agricultural Land Conversion Mechanisms, Internal Migrations, and Housing Policy: Case Studies of Industrial Estates in the Northern Cikarang, West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Irawati Miya
Published: September 2020

Various researches on agricultural land conversions stepped into the conclusion that those conversions, into housing and industrial land uses, were difficult to be controlled. Housing and industrial functions dominated those conversions on 36% and 20% respectively in the Province of West Java while they correspondingly accounted for 57% and 22% in the Java island. Other notable features of that conversions consisted of the proximity to the economic centers and occurred in rural areas that were located in urbanized regions. This paper identified that land-use change mechanisms have been including internal migrations within their dynamics in which, on the contrary, the supply for migrants’ accommodations has not been appropriately considered as the evidence-based information into the development policy. Cikarang, a prominent District of industrial estates in the Province of West Java, reflected the Central and Local Governments’ underdeveloped capacity in terms of incorporating the mechanism, data and integrating multi-sectoral programs through housing policy. Through random sampling, migrants’ origins in both areas altogether can be figured out as follows: Bogor/Bekasi (2%), DKI Jakarta (2%), West Java (35%), Central Java/D.I. Yogyakarta (41%), East Java (6%), Outside Java Island (11%). The growing internal migrations which accompanied the increasing demand for accommodations were inadequately responded to. While considerable percentage of migrant samples (46-92% in Northern Cikarang) were found to be financially capable for paying monthly rent above the standard costs of public rental housing (Rusunawa) however the housing policy was unable to innovatively design the rental systems which expanded its benefits towards various groups of lower-income and sustain its operational costs. This paper concluded that housing policy, particularly Rusunawa, would be the key where the agricultural land conversions rate can be moderated, and the internal migrations may turn into capital.
The Encroachment Dynamics in Mount Gede Pangrango National Park
Authors: Ardy Priatama R , Rustiadi Ernan , Mulya Setyardi P , Widiatmaka
Published: September 2020

Mount Gede Pangrango National Park is the example of a protected area in which land conflict happens. The surrounding communities run their cultivation activities inside the national park which are actually illegal according to the law. This research aims to capture the progress of conservation efforts vis-a-vis such an encroachment issue as well as to explore the characteristics of the surrounding villages that can explain the encroachment level. To this end, this research performed spatial analysis and stepwise multiple regression using Landsat imagery, Google Earth images and village potential data. The result shows that the area of plantation, dry-agriculture land and bare land were declining. The encroachment level could be associated with the distance of settlement to the number of farm laborers around and the land slope of the national park. Meanwhile, the existence of large land occupied by the private company could restrain the tendency of local people to encroach the land of national park.
Measuring Urban and Regional Sustainability Performance in Java: A Comparison Study Between 6 Metropolitan Areas
Authors: Pravitasari Andrea Emma , Rustiadi Ernan , Mulya Setyardi P. , Widodo Candraningratri E. , Indraprahasta Galuh S. , Fuadina Lutfia N. , Karyati Nur E. , Murtadho Alfin
Published: September 2020

Java is widely known as the economic center of as well as the most populous (main) island in Indonesia. Rapid urbanization process and economic development in Java are mostly concentrated in six major metropolitan areas (MA): “Jabodetabek” (Jakarta MA), “Bandung Raya” (Bandung MA), “Kedungsempur” (Semarang MA), “Kartamantul” (Jogjakarta MA), “Gerbangkertosusila” (Surabaya MA), and “Solo Raya” (Surakarta MA). Due to its extensive development progress over the past decades, Java is now facing environmental crisis and declining carrying capacity. This paper aims to measure urban and regional sustainability in these metropolitan areas in particular and in all regencies/municipalities in Java more generally by drawing on the so-called Regional Sustainability Index (RSI). The results show that every regency/municipality in Java has diverse regional development condition and sustainability performance. In addition to this, most of the localities (regencies/municipalities) being part of the metropolitan areas have a relatively better economic, social, and environmental condition than that of other localities.
Developing a Framework for Assessing City Sustainability (Case Study: Bandar Lampung and Metro City, Lampung Province, Indonesia)
Authors: Persada C , Tugiono S , Kustiani I
Published: September 2020

Sustainable city development is influenced by the availability of sustainable infrastructure. High population growth in urban areas requires improvements in many aspects, especially infrastructure. However, the need for improvements is often not fulfilled. As a result, various problems that would ultimately affect the city sustainability emerge. To overcome the problems, it is important to develop comprehensive and integrated policies and strategies framework that enables a city to meet the demand for improvement and sustainability. The very first stage of developing a city development framework is to understand the current condition of city performance and sustainability. The main objective of this paper is to develop an indicator framework of a sustainable city. The stages of developing the framework consist (1) defining the criteria and indicators of sustainable city; (2) measuring performance and sustainability level of a city and (3) identifying the influential indicators that increase the city sustainability status. The criteria of sustainability framework were developed based on the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) Sustainability of people, planet, and profit. Subsequently, the level of sustainability is measured by using a weighted-score method. This paper presented the results of the performance and sustainability assessment of two cities in the Lampung Province (Bandar Lampung and Metro City) based on the performance and sustainability framework developed in this study. It can be concluded that Bandar Lampung City is less sustainable than Metro.
Spatial Planning with Local Wisdom for Rural Tourism Development
Authors: Tou Harne Julianti , Noer Melinda , Helmi  , Lenggogeni Sari
Published: September 2020

Rural area has a natural potential in terms of its agricultural sector development. In addition to this, this area can also be developed based on its tourism potential. The potential of the latter sector can be utilized based on its beautiful natural scenery, its cool mountain weather, and its unique local custom and culture. This paper particularly discusses the relevance of spatial planning and local wisdom in the development of rural tourism through a literature review approach. The results of this study indicate that rural tourism and its further development needs the support of spatial planning that appreciates the specific local wisdom of the village(s).
Sex ratio, maturity stage and fist maturity of yellowfin parrotfish Scares flavipectoralis Schultz, 1958 in Wallace line at Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi
Authors: Tresnati J , Yanti A , Rukminasari N , Irmawati  , Suwarni  , Yasir I , Rahmani P Y , Aprianto R , Tuwo A
Published: September 2020

Yellowfin parrotfishScarus flavipectoralishas a wide distribution in Indo-Pacific waters which has an important ecological role in maintaining the balance of coral reef ecosystems, as well as having important economic values that need to be managed sustainably. This study aims to analyze the sex ratio, gonad maturity stage, and the size at first maturity. This study was conducted on a population of yellowfin parrotfish in the Wallace line at Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi. Fish samples were obtained from catches of fishermen who were landed at the Rajawali Fish Landing Area of Makassar City. The results of this study indicate that the sex ratio of yellowfin parrotfish not balanced between male and female, there was more female than male; the development of gonad maturity stage is synchronous between male and female; and the size at the first maturity sexual of yellowfin parrotfish female was 18 cm and the male was 21.7 cm.
Sex ratio and first maturity of blackeye thicklip wrasse Hemigymnus melapterus Bloch, 1791 in Spermonde Archipelago
Authors: Tresnati J , Yanti A L , Yanuarita D , Parawansa B S , Yasir I , Yanti A , Rahmani P Y , Aprianto R , Tuwo A
Published: September 2020

Blackeye thicklip wrasseHemigymnus melapterusis a Labridae that was widespread throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of Indo-Pacific. In eastern Indonesia, blackeye thicklip wrasse found from the Strait of Bali, Mentawai Islands, Raja Ampat Islands, Manado and surrounding areas, and Banggai; while in central Indonesia, blackeye thicklip wrasse found in the waters of the Spermonde Archipelago. This research aims to analyze the sex ratio, gonad maturity stage, and the size at first maturity of blackeye thicklip wrasse in the Spermonde Archipelago. This research was done on the population of blackeye thicklip wrasse in the Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Samples were collected from fishermen caught landed in the Rajawali Makassar Fisheries Port at Makassar City. Blackeye thicklip wrasse sex ratio was not balanced. This imbalance was thought to have something to do with the “r” reproductive strategy where blackeye thicklip wrasse tries to produce as many eggs as possible to maintain its population. The success of this strategy probably supported by protogyny reproduction patterns where young fish can produce eggs as fast and as much as possible before being devoured by predators. Based on its gonad structure, blackeye thicklip wrasse could be classified as fish with a total spawning pattern that take place long spawning period or individual different spawning period throughout the year. The size at the first maturity of blackeye thicklip wrasse female was 21.4 cm; it was much smaller than half the size that has ever been caught.
Reef fishes abundance and assemblages in six islands (Kapoposang, Lanyukang, Lumu-Lumu, Badi, Ballang Lompo and Karanrang island) of spermonde archipelago during El Nino 2016, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Rukminasari Nita , Suharto  , Yanuarita Dewi , Jompo Jamaluddin , Fajriati Inaku Dwi
Published: September 2020

Overfishing in the Spermonde Archipelago has resulted in long-term changes in fishery composition and structure, as well as in resource utilization patterns. Later on, the patterns of resource use are highly variable, with new activities and new target species, e.g., ornamental corals and intensive coral reef fishery being a relatively recent phenomenon in the area. This research aims at measuring the coral fishes abundance and assemblages in six islands (Kapoposang, Lanyukang, Lumu-Lumu, Badi, Ballang Lompo, and Karanrang), representing off-shore and in-shore of Spermonde Archipelago waters during the occurrence of the 2016 El Nino. Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method was done to measure coral fish abundance, once every seasonal interval, totaling four times for every island, on 70 meter transects covering an area of 350 m2 (2.5 m to the right and left and 5 m above). Fish species found were identified by following several coral fish identification books Data was analyzed for their total species abundance based on the family. Results showed that coral fish abundance by the family was found to be lowest (less than 10.000 individuals/hectare) all through the year in Karanrang Island. The most abundance was found in Lanyukang Island (84.600 individu/hectare) during the month of September, followed by Badi Island (59.971 individu/hectare). In February, fish abundance of 35. 743 and 46.886 individu/hectare were only found in Kapoposang and Badi islands. All in all, on average, Badi island showed for having relatively equal coral fish abundance in all four seasons. One hundred species were found in Lanyukang, while 78 species were found in Lumu-Lumu, totaling 136 species of coral fishes of 28 families. Coral fishes species always found in all trips were 20 species in Lanyukang and 11 species in Lumu-Lumu. Four species always found in both islands were Thalassoma hardwicke, Neoglyphidodon nigroris, Labroides dimidiatus, Cirrhilabrus ryukyuensis. Fishes found most abundance were from Labridae and Pomacentridae families, each of 31 and 30 species. The temporary conclusion was that Lanyukang has more species than Lumu-Lumu.
Seagrass meadows for fisheries in Indonesia: a preliminary study
Authors: Ambo-Rappe R
Published: September 2020

Seagrass meadows are among the most productive ecosystems on earth and are of great importance to support an abundance and diverse fish assemblages that form the basis for artisanal fisheries, especially in the tropics. Fisheries are vital in maintaining food security, and therefore the ecosystems that support these fisheries are also essential. Seagrass ecosystems contribute to fishery productivity, and seagrass fisheries are especially common in the Indo-Pacific region, where seagrass beds and their associated fauna are heavily exploited. However, these fisheries remain largely undocumented. Within the Indo-Pacific region, Indonesia contributes significantly to seagrass biodiversity and global seagrass extent. Seagrass fisheries undoubtedly exist in Indonesia, but publications on this topic are rare. Therefore, there is a need to highlight the extent, importance, and status of fisheries exploitation in the seagrass meadows of Indonesia. The aims of this study were to determine the importance of seagrass meadows in supporting fisheries productivity and examining the variability of seagrass fisheries in Indonesia. A literature search of published data on fisheries activities in seagrass meadows in Indonesia was conducted from March-May 2020. Google Scholar database was searched using the most specific keywords in English and Indonesian, for example, “seagrass” AND ”fisheries” AND ”Indonesia”, “seagrass fisheries” AND ”Indonesia”, “Perikanan Skala Kecil” DAN “Padang Lamun”, in the title, abstract or keywords, in order to obtain information from the few papers on seagrass fisheries in Indonesia published in English (international journals) and Indonesian. Additional data on seagrass fisheries and the fishing methods/gears used were collected by interviewing people who live or work in areas with few or no published data to gain a broader picture of seagrass fisheries in Indonesia. It was found that seagrass fisheries occur in almost all nearshore seagrass areas in Indonesia, including around many small islands. Many fishing gears are used in these fisheries, the most common being gill nets, traps, and gleaning (directly picking up fauna from the seagrass beds using bare hands or very simple tools). Therefore, from a socioeconomic perspective, seagrass beds are extremely important for the livelihoods of coastal and island communities in Indonesia.
Microhabitat preference of the Banggai Cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni): a behavioural experimental approach
Authors: Moore A M , Yasir I , Ambo-Rappe R , Ndobe S , Jompa J
Published: September 2020

The Banggai cardinalfish Pterapogon kauderni is an endangered endemic species with an exceptionally small native distribution and an unusual life history. A paternal mouthbrooder with direct development, symbiosis with benthic organisms (referred to as microhabitat), is crucial to its survival. This is especially so for postflexion larvae (recruits), after their release from the male parent’s buccal cavity. Microhabitat preference in P. kauderni has been studied empirically based on a survey of wild populations. This study adopted an ex-situ experimental approach to P. kauderni microhabitat preference using two well established behavioural trial methods: choice flume and choice tank. The experimental animals were sourced from the introduced P. kauderni population in Palu Bay, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The choice flume method was applied at the Central Sulawesi Marine and Fisheries Service Hatchery in Mamboro, Palu, with microhabitats Diadema setosum and D. savignyi. The choice box method was applied at the Universitas Hasanuddin Centre for Research and Development in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, with microhabitats Heteractis crispa, Entacmaea quadricolor, D. savignyi and D. setosum. The results indicate the most to least preferred preference hierarchy of D. savignyi, D. setosum, H. crispa, E. quadricolor. While the preference for the sea anemone H. crispa compared to E. quadricolor is consonant with empirical in situ studies on P. kauderni, the observed preference for D. savignyi over D. setosum was unexpected, and points to the need for further research. Observations made during the trials also raise the possibility that imprinting may occur and influence subsequent microhabitat preference.
Identification of bacteria from mangrove forest in Mamburungan, Tarakan City
Authors: Yulma  , Ihsan Burhanuddin , Awaludin  , Zainuddin  , Bija Stephanie , Rani Maisyah , Andira Ayu , Ramadani Fitri , Sunarti
Published: September 2020

Bacteria has a main role in the food chain and waters productivity. Bacteria in the mangrove ecosystem mostly are from litter, sediment, and sea waters. The research objective is to determine the genus of bacteria that was found inAvicennia marinaandSonneratia albaleaf litter as well as bacteria in waters and sediment from a mangrove forest in Mamburungan. The method was designed by using explorative descriptive, and the analysis parameter was the genus. This study was done in the field experimentally with two phases; they were collected of mangrove leaf litter, waters, and sediment, followed by identification of bacteria in the Fish quarantine station, quality control, and safety of Tarakan Class II Fisheries Laboratory. The results showed that seven genus bacteria ofSonneratia albawas found, such asBacillus, Aeromonas, Listeria, Stapylococcus, Enterobacteria, Bacteroides, Actinobacillusand nine genus ofAvicennia marina,they wereBacillus, Listeria, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Enterobacteria, Corynebacterium, Actinobacillus, Plesiomonas, Flavobacterium. In sediment, there were ten genus, i.e.,Bacillus, Plesiomonas, Enterobacteria, Corynebacterium, Listeria, Aeromonas, Micrococcus, Actinobacillus, Bordetella parapertussis, Clostridium.In sea waters, there were eight genus likeBacillus, Listeria, Aeromonas, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, Actinobacillus, Pseudomonas,andEnterobacteria. The dominant bacteria that were found in litter, sediment, and sea waters wereBacillus.
Fishery activities and environmental condition of Maninjau Lake, West Sumatra
Authors: Makmur S , Muthmainnah D , Subagdja
Published: September 2020

Maninjau Lake is located in Tanjung Raya Subdistrict, Agam Regency, West Sumatra Province, with the surface area 9,737.50 ha. Maninjau Lake has one major outlet through the Batang Antokan river flows to the west coast of Sumatra Island. The excessive number of floating net cages, those are upper of carrying capacity, is the biggest problem in Maninjau Lake. Mass fish kills happened frequently due to deterioration of water quality in this lake. This study is aimed to observe the current fishery activities and environmental conditions in Maninjau Lake. The data were collected by survey using interview methods and record statistic data from the government. The results showed that Maninjau Lake has three functions as ecologies, social and economic. The capture fisheries are still using the traditional fishing gears, while the fish culture is using the floating net cages. There were 18 species inhabited in Maninjau Lake, consists of native and introduced species. Moreover, invasive species have been found, namely Pterygolichtys pardalis (Amazon sailfin catfish) and Amphilophus trimaculatus (flowerhorn). Nowadays, it is difficult to catch the native fish, Tor sp (gariang), and the endemic fish, Psilopsis sp (rinuak). Maninjau Lake is in the eutrophic state with quite good waters conditions, but it could become worse since the lake is steadily changing naturally and also anthropogenic activity. The fisheries management in Maninjau Lake should involve the stakeholder groups that have a different degree of interest, the role of management, and related institutions.
Water quality study and pollution index based on Physics-chemical parameters in the Youtefa Bay tourism area, Jayapura
Authors: Sari Annita , Tuwo Ambo , Rani Chair , Saru Amran
Published: September 2020

Good water quality is extremely important to support the life of the organism. The determination of water quality status was needed as a reference to monitor water pollution. This study aimed to assess the status of water quality and determine the pollution index based on physical-chemical parameters in the Youtefa bay tourism area. Sampling was carried out in august 2019 across six research stations; then, the result was compared with water quality standard based on KEPMEN-LH No. 51 the Year 2004 For marine biotas. The results showed that the parameter according to the quality standard is physics parameters; pH, Salinity, DO, and BOD5, while those that have exceeded the quality standards are total ammonia, nitrate, surfactant (detergent), phosphate and dissolved metal. The pollution index indicates the Youtefa Bay waters were in light to medium categories.
Zooxantella of Giant Clam as a sentinel organism to detect toxicity of lead
Authors: Yaqin K , Syamsuriani  , Umar M T , Fachruddin L
Published: September 2020

Zooxantellae is living symbionts in the body of giant clams. This research was conducted to determine the sensitivity of the loss of zooxanthellae (bleaching) from the body of giant clam as a tool to detect metal pollutants. Juvenile of giant clam was exposed to lead in concentrations of 0, 0.004, 0.008, 0.016, 0.032 mg/l for 24 hours. Zooxanthellae density data were analyzed with parametric anova. The zooxanthellae densities at treatments 0, 0.004, 0.008.0.016 and 0.032 mg / respectively were 32,322,222.2, 32,488,888.89, 24,977,777.78, 17,676,666.67, and 14,542,222.22 cell/g mantle. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in zooxanthellae densities of control with 0.016 and 0.032 mg/l treatments. There was no mortality of the juvenile of giant clams during the experiment. Therefore, it was concluded that the loss of zooxanthellae from giant clam’s body could be used as a sensitive biomarker to detect lead metal toxicity. Zooxanthella of Tridcana derasa is also considered as a sentinel organism that is potential for ecotoxicological studies.
Identification of lead (Pb(CH3COO)2)-reducing bacteria using 16S rRNA Gene
Authors: Ihsan Y N , Nathanael B , Permana R , Mulyani Y , Pribadi T D K
Published: September 2020

In recent years bacteria have been used as bioremediation agents to repair polluted environments. The purpose of this research is to discover the types and capabilities of bacteria in reducing lead (Pb(CH3COO)2) concentration from sediments in Karangsong Coast, Indramayu. The method used is exploratory, and the results are analyzed descriptively. In the molecular identification method, 16S rRNA Gene, a universal primer for a bacterium, is used. Bacterial sequences obtained from GenBank data are analyzed by NCBI sites. The results of this research show that 11 bacterial isolates from porewater sediments have the highest lead ( Pb(CH3COO)2) reduction capability from a concentration of 1.5 mg l−1 to 0.364 mg l−1 with an efficiency value of 75.7%. Four bacterial isolates with the highest density are identical to Albirhodobacter marinus strain N9 (ACC. No. NR 126203.1) with 98% identity value and 100% genetic relationship, Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis strain NBRC 103034 (ACC. No. NR 114187.1) with 81% identity and 84% genetic relationship, Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica strain LMEB 39 (ACC. No. NR 116629.1) with 98% identity and 96% genetic relationship, Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica strain LMEB 39 (ACC. No. NR 116629.1) 93% identity and 87% genetic relationship.
Pb heavy metal distribution patterns in seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) cultivation locations by season in Bantaeng Waters, South Sulawesi
Authors: Asni A , Najamuddin
Published: September 2020

Heavy metals found in the waters can be absorbed and accumulated in the seaweed thallus. Heavy metals affect plants by changing the position of essential ions in cells. Seaweed is useful in absorbing heavy metals so that the heavy metals contaminating the water can enter the seaweed thallus. This research was conducted at the seaweed cultivation location in the coastal waters of Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi. The method used is a survey and laboratory testing. Each location is determined by 3 substations (short, medium, and long-distance). Water and seaweed sampling at each station are carried out twice a month. Pb heavy metal analysis from water and seaweed samples was carried out in the laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of Hasanuddin University. Distribution pattern of Pb heavy metal content with spatial analysis of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based on a mapping approach. The results showed that the concentration of Pb heavy metals in waters during the rainy season ranged from 0.25 to 0.98 ppm and during the dry season ranged from 0.20 to 1.13 ppm, whereas seaweed in the wet season ranged from 4.64 to 7.00 ppm and in the dry season ranged from 1.20 to 20.87 ppm. Pb heavy metal distribution patterns in waters and seaweed are high in areas close to the coast and low in areas far from the coast. The average concentration of Pb heavy metals in waters and seaweed is higher in the dry season than in the rainy season. The content of Pb heavy metal in water has exceeded the threshold for the designation of fishery water 0.08 ppm (KEP. MENLH N0 51, 2004). The content of Pb heavy metals in seaweed has passed the threshold for food 2.0 ppm.
Effect of seaweed, Kappphycus alvarezii fermentation by various fermenters combinations as thickener on gel strength, attractiveness and palatability of gel diet in Tilapia, Oreohromis niloticus
Authors: Saade E , Solicha A , Fadillah I R
Published: September 2020

Gel diet is one of the aquaculture diets that use seaweed, K. alvarezii, as a thickener made with cooking with water contents of between 50-70%. One effort to increase the nutritional content of seaweed is fermentation. However, fermentation affects the attractiveness, palatability, and gel strength of aquaculture artificial diet. This study aims to compare various fermenter combinations that are most effective in fermenting seaweed, K. alvarezii meal in terms of attractiveness, palatability, and gel strength. This research was carried out at the Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. Experimental fishes used were tilapia size 7, 15, and 28 g. Various combinations of fermenters as treatment were seaweed meal without fermenter (treatment A), + 1.5g Bacillus sp. (treatment B), + 1.5g Bacillus sp. + 1.5 g of Rhizopus sp. (treatment C), + 1.5 g Bacillus sp. + 1.5g Saccharomyces sp. (treatment D), and + 1.5g Bacillus sp. + 1.5g Aspergillus sp. (treatment E). Fermentation is carried out on an an-aerobic basis. The parameters measured were attractiveness, palatability, and gel strength. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replications. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and W-Tukey test. The results of this study indicate that the attractiveness and gel strength of the experimental diet were the same in all treatments (p>0.05), while the highest palatability of the experimental diet was obtained in the experimental fish that consumed D diet, namely seaweed meal fermented with 1.5g Bacillus sp. + 1.5g Saccharomyces sp. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that tilapia, which consumed the gel diet, contained seaweed fermented with 1.5g Bacillus sp. + 1.5g Saccharomyces sp. has the best palatability.
Feasibility and development strategy of milkfish (Chanos chanos) processing at small industries in Pangkep District
Authors: Makmur Astrini , Budimawan  , Salengke
Published: September 2020

The milkfish business has the potential to be developed; therefore, it is not only be sold in fresh condition but also processed into other products with additional value. This study aims to analyze the prospect of developed milkfish processing in Pangkep district. The research was conducted in August 2018 until August 2019 in Bungoro, Labakkang, Pangkajene, Segeri, Mandalle dan Marang districts. The sampling method was taken by purposive sampling. The analysis of economic value was used to estimate the total economic value of the milkfish processing business. The feasibility analysis was used to determine whether the type of milkfish processing business was feasible or not to run. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine the priority strategy for the development of the milkfish processing business. The results show that there are five types of milkfish products developing in Pangkep district, including shredded milkfish, thornless milkfish, presto milkfish, bale kambu, and amplang milkfish. The analytical feasibility is conducted to show that the milkfish processing business in Pangkep district is feasible to be developed; however, the five types of processed products, milkfish shredded are more profitable to run. It shows the NPV, Net B/C, and IRR values, which are higher than other milkfish processed products. The development strategy of the milkfish processing business becomes the priority on the modality and marketing criteria. Improving the quality of human resources and developing distribution channels become a priority strategy in the development of milkfish processing businesses in Pangkep district.
Processing and quality characteristics sea cucumber Bohadschia vitiensis at Kambuno Island in Sembilan Islands, Bone Gulf, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Amir N , Aprianto R , Kasmiati  , Matusalach  , Fahrul  , Syahrul  , Tuwo A , Tresnati J.
Published: September 2020

Sea cucumber is an Echinoderm which has high economic value due to their high nutritional value and medicinal properties. More than 80% of Indonesia’s sea cucumber productions were exported as dried products. Therefore, before being exported, sea cucumbers go through processing, which was almost carried out on a household scale whose processing and quality were very diverse. This study aims to evaluate the processing and quality characteristics of sea cucumber Bohadschia vitiensis at Kambuno Island in Sembilan Islands, Bone Gulf, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sembilan Island is a household scale sea cucumber processing area. This study uses the method of observation, evaluation, and laboratory analyses. B. vitiensis processing method at Kambuno Island uses four stages, namely weeding, salting, boiling, and drying. Quality characteristics observations of B. vitiensis indicated that several parameters did not meet the Indonesian National Standards (INS). The quality parameters that did not meet INS standards were organoleptic and chemical parameters. Organoleptic parameters that less than seven were appearance, odor, and texture. Whereas chemical parameters that did not reach INS were water levels that exceed the maximum limit.
Utilization of a commercial probiotic, effective microorganisms, in diet fermentation for rabbitfish grow-out
Authors: Usman  , Kamaruddin  , Laining Asda
Published: September 2020

Rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus) is a herbivorous fish that can utilize a plant-based diet better than omnivore and carnivorous fish. However, the quality of the plant-based diet still needs to be improved so that the rabbitfish can grow faster with better feed efficiency. One effort that is thought to be done to improve the quality of diet is fermentation. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the use of effective commercial microorganisms (EM-4) probiotics in the fermented plant-based diet on the growth performance of rabbitfish. The treatments tested were fermentation of ingredient plant-based diet using EM-4 at different doses namely: F10 (10 mL), F20 (20 mL), F30 (30 mL), F40 (40 mL) per kilogram substrate and WF (unfermented diet). The test diets were given to the rabbitfish juvenile that was cultured in floating net cages in the sea. The initial weight of the test fish is around 48 g, maintained in 15 units of 1x1x1.5 m cage; they fed with satiation in the morning, afternoon, and evening for four months. The results showed that the fermented diet with EM-4 at all doses tends to increase in the content of free fatty acid, total n-3, total n-6, arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) compared to these fatty acids contents in the unfermented diet. The specific growth rate, weight gain, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio was not significantly different (P>0.05) between the treatments. Feed intake was significantly different (P<0.05) between treatment, and it was highest in fish fed the unfermented diet compared to fish fed the fermented diet. Fermentation of the test diets with EM-4 has not been able to improve feed utilization and growth of rabbitfish.
Identification of the effect of transglutaminase enzyme on physicochemical properties of Milkfish (Chanos chanos) surimi gel
Authors: Yuliana I , Mahendradatta M , Laga A
Published: September 2020

Surimi is a myofibril protein that is stabilized from the fish flesh, which is mechanically removed, washed with water and mixed with cryoprotectant. The yield of milkfish surimi is quite high at 58.72%, but the strength value of the gel is still not good, while the important quality attribute of a surimi product is its elastic texture in terms of the strength of the surimi gel. One technique to increase the formation of surimi gel is by adding the transglutaminase enzyme. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of enzyme addition on the physicochemical properties of surimi. The research design consisted of two treatments, namely without enzymes and with the addition of enzymes 0.1 units/g surimi. The research method consisted of two stages, namely preparation of making surimi and surimi gel processing. Observation parameters included gel strength, whiteness, moisture content, and pH. The best research results obtained were the addition of enzymes with physicochemical properties of gel strength (3795 g.cm), whiteness (78.90), moisture content (76.70%), and pH (6.35). The treatment of adding enzymes significantly affected the strength of the gel and the moisture content but did not significantly influenced the whiteness and pH.
Screening and isolation of PHB (Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate) producing bacteria as an alternative material for disease prevention on the shrimp culture
Authors: Susianingsih E , Kadriah I A K , Nurhidayah
Published: September 2020

The shrimp mortality cases in ponds are still dominated by the bacterial diseases caused by Vibrio pathogenic bacteria. Antibiotic application as a disease alternative treatment is not recommended because it can trigger the host immunity and cause residual contamination in the environment. The latest study stated that poly P-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) has bactericidal activity against the pathogenic bacteria and can be a source of C (carbon) atoms that are easily decomposed by the bacterial intestinal flora. This ability is obtained from the short-chained fatty acids (butyric acid) in PHB compounds. This study was aimed to screen and isolate the candidates of PHB-producing bacteria as an alternative to control environmentally friendly disease prevention in shrimp culture. Sampling was performed at the camming sugar factory located in Bone. Samples were taken in the form of kettle ash, molasses, the soil around the factory site, bagasse, and solid sugar factory waste. Samples were serially diluted using a sterile aquadest and grown on the nutrient agar media, then incubated for 48 hours. After 48 hours, the morphological observations were performed for each bacterial colony growing in each analyzed sample. The isolation of PHB-producing bacterial candidates was performed by isolating triplicate colonies and cultured on agar nutrient (NA) media added with 1% glucose, then incubated for 48 hours. The growing bacterial colony was recultured on a spot of NA media through plating divided into 4 equal parts and incubated for 48 hours. Each colony was given an ethanolic 0.02% Sudan Black B solution and stood for 30 minutes, then rinsed with 96% ethanol. The positive results of PHB-producing bacteria were shown in dark blue color absorbed by the bacterial candidate due to the staining performed. The study results showed that 73 isolates of PHB-producing bacterial candidates were obtained from 5 samples analyzed and after stained with Sudan Black obtained 14 bacterial isolates containing 10 isolates produced a clear zone (inhibition zone) and 4 isolates absorbed the dark blue color. After purification and retesting on the 14 isolates, 5 isolates were obtained as candidates for PHB-production bacteria.
Survival of Penaeus monodon shrimp fed diets supplemented with extract Porphyridium aerugineum and Porphyridium sp. after challenges by Vibrio harveyi
Authors: Kadriah Ince Ayu K , Kamaruddin  , Nurhidayah
Published: September 2020

The prevention of vibriosis using microalgae as anti-quorum sensing was started in 2016. Five types of positive microalgae that have the ability to inhibit the Quorum sensing signal was found in 2016, namely: Melosira sp, Porpyridium sp, Vulgaris sp, Phaeodactylum sp, and Nannochloropsis sp. In order to obtain an environmentally-friendly alternative to prevent shrimp disease, a study was conducted in 2019 concerning the addition of Porphyridium sp and Porphyridium aeruginous extract into feed as immunostimulants in shrimp. About 35% of microalgae extracts were added to shrimp feed. Tiger shrimp (P. monodon) fry with a weight of 0.5-2g was used in this study, and experimental design of 20 shrimps/treatment/repetition was applied. After 30 days of maintenance, an artificial infection was carried out using the pathogenic Vibrio harveyi by injection. Parameters observed included Total Hemocyte Count (THC), Pro-PO value and percentage of shrimp survival. The results showed that the addition of Porpyridium aerugenum extract in shrimp feed was successful in increasing the number of hemocytes and Pro-PO activity besides increasing the survival percentage of experimental shrimp. The results of this study are expected to help shrimp farmers in dealing with disease attacks in ponds in an environmentally friendly manner.
Evaluation of inhibitory potential of mangrove leaves extract Avicennia marina for bacteria causing ice-ice diseases in seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii
Authors: Adi Rahman Samsu , Mutalib Yanti , Dony Sangkia Frederik , Athirah Admi , Marlan  , Kadir Muhlis , Pattirane Chrisoetanto P
Published: September 2020

Today, the problem of seaweed is the emergence of ice-ice disease, which causes economic losses. The solutions offered at this time are not significant, so there is a need for technology that can control the ice-ice disease. The effort is to use mangrove leaves to extract Avicennia marina. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory potential of mangrove leaves extract A. marina against bacteria that cause ice-ice disease in seaweed. Four pathogenic bacteria that cause ice-ice in seaweed, namely Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain IAM 123, Shewanella haliotis strain DW01, Vibrio alginolyticus strain ATCC 17749 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SNP0614 were tested using A. marina leaves extract with methanol solvent, the method used is the maceration method and antibacterial activity test using the Kirby-Bauer method with seawater complex (SWC) agar. The results showed phytochemical compounds found in A. marina leaves extracts, namely alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and glycosides. A. marina leaves extract using methanol solvent shows potential as an antimicrobial which is indicated by inhibition zones in each of the bacteria that cause ice-ice.
Analysis of molecular weight albumin concentrate on various types of freshwater fish using SDS-page electrophoresis method
Authors: Nurfaidah  , Metusalach  , Mahendradatta Meta , Sukarno
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the distribution of molecular weight distribution in the extraction results of freshwater fish albumin that will be compared with Snakehead fish to see the similarity of distribution. The samples used were 7 types of fish obtained from the waters around Makassar. Fish albumin concentrates were analyzed for molecular weights using the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis method. Running SDS-PAGE is done at 100-120 V, for 60-90. The gel reading is done using a solution coomassie blue. The results showed that Three spot gourami fish had the most protein bands, which were 8 bands. Snakehead fish has 7 protein bands. Catfish, Tilapia, Pangas Catfish, and Common carp fish have 6 protein bands. Eels have the least protein bands, which are 4 bands. Judging from the protein composition in each type of fish, Three spot gourami fish have a complete protein and are similar to Snakehead fish.
Seaweed Gracilaria changii as a bioremediator agent for ammonia, nitrite and nitrate in controlled tanks of Whiteleg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Badraeni  , Azis H Y , Tresnati J , Tuwo A
Published: September 2020

Intensive shrimp cultures are characterized by high stocking densities and use large quantities of artificial feed. The artificial feed was consumed only a small part by shrimp, while the rest decomposes in ponds and produces inorganic nitrogen compounds such as ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate, which are poisonous to shrimp and decrease water quality. One alternative that can be applied to improve water quality in the shrimp pond is the use of bioremediation agents. One of the bioremediation agents is seaweed Gracilaria changii. The study was designed using a Completely Randomized Design consisting of three treatments, namely (A) shrimp culture without seaweed as bioremediator; (B) shrimp culture with seaweed as bioremediator in the middle of the treatment (starting from fifth week), and (C) shrimp culture with seaweed as bioremediator since the beginning of the treatment. Each treatment was repeated three times each. During the study, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate were measured every week. t-test is used to compare the average values of ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite. This study aims to analyze the potential of G. changii as bioremediator agents in the cultivation of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in controlled tanks. This study indicated that seaweed G. cangii was an effective bioremediator for shrimp P. vannamei culture because seaweed could reduce ammonia that is toxic for shrimp. Seaweed was effective as bioremediator until the ninth week, and after the effectiveness decrease indicated by increase the nitrate consentration. Seaweed could be a shelter for shrimp during molting that indicated by higher survival rate at the treatments with seaweed. It is recommended to harvest seaweed at the ninth week, then proceed with the second seaweed culture cycle, so there will two cycles of seaweed culture every one shrimp culture cycle.
Dynamic model of fisheries management system and maritime highway program in Makassar Strait
Authors: Hatta M , Mulyani S , Umar N A
Published: September 2020

This research motivated by the existence of a sea highway (Tol Laut) program in the Makassar Strait that will build a number of ports. Port development must be supported by the fisheries management system that can utilize fish resources maximally and sustainably. Otherwise, it will fail and harm the country. The research aimed to create and simulate dynamic models of fisheries systems supported by the maritime highway program in the Makassar Strait. Data collection on environmental parameters, nutrients, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance, catches, and gastric contents analysis has been conducted. The dynamic models that are built consist of 4 sub-models, namely: (1) Plankton Productivity submodel; (2) Pelagic Fisheries sub-model; (3) Demersal Fisheries sub-model and (4) Economy and Maritime Highway sub-model. The simulated scenario is different capture quota in planktivores, omnivore, carnivore, and demersal fishes. The result of simulation by using a dynamic model revealed that there are differences in fish population dynamics based on the catch rate and the provision of port facilities. The development of the Maritim highway program that synergizes with the determination of catching quotas can increase the revenue of around 5 to 28 billion rupiahs per month per district during 120 months in 11 districts/cities on the coast of Makassar Strait.
Legal analysis of lobster export policies in Indonesia: The principle of sustainable development approach
Authors: Maskun  , Ilmar Aminuddin , Napang Marthen , Naswar  , Achmad  , Assidiq Hasbi
Published: September 2020

Lobster as one of the highly valued export commodities in the fishery sector. World demand is quite high, and limited supply results in high selling value of this commodity. Uncontrolled catching, making the population of lobsters was threatened. In 2015, the government issued a Regulation of the Minister of Maritime and Fisheries Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 / Permen-Kp / 2015 Concerning the Capture of Lobster (Panulirus Spp.), Crab (Scylla Spp.), And Crab (Portunus pelagicus Spp.) that regulates related to restrictions in lobster management, which was only lobsters of a certain size can be caught. This policy was revised in 2016 with the Regulation of the Minister of Maritime and Fisheries Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Number 56 / Permen-Kp / 2016 Concerning the Prohibition of Catching and/or Expending Lobster (Panulirus Spp.), Crabs (Scylla Spp.), And Swimming (Portunus Spp.) from the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. This policy expressly states the prohibition of catching lobsters that are in egg-laying conditions and lobsters weighing less than 200 grams or categorized as baby lobsters. This policy aims to maintain the existence and availability of increasingly threatened lobster resource populations. Besides, this policy also aims to increase the added value of lobster babies. In 2019, the government reopened the discourse to export baby lobster, this was assessed by the previous fisheries minister, would threaten the lobster population in its natural habitat and reduce the added value gained by fishermen. This article will analyze normatively related to the policy prohibiting the export of baby lobsters in Indonesia. Is this policy in accordance with the principles of sustainable development to ensure the principle of environmental sustainability? It means that this principle should guarantee that the benefits of lobster can also be felt by future generations as a form of responsibility for the principle of intrageneration.