bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of education of patriotism in children of primary school age by means of folklore
Authors: Ryleeva A.S. , Yemanova E.V. , Khomutnikova E.A.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the problem of education of patriotic qualities in children of primary school age. Primary school age is a sensitive period for the development of spiritual and moral qualities of a person. To monitor the level of patriotism development, we studied motivational, intellectual, sensual, volitional criterias.. Based on the results obtained, we have developed a program of work with primary school age children on the patriotic education. To develop attitudes towards patriotic values, we used the means of folklore, which have ample opportunities to familiarize children with their culture origins. The developed program “Russia is our home!” is aimed at instilling in children love and respect for their native land, familiarizing students with the study of the heroic history of the Fatherland, local history, search and research activities, national traditions, culture study and promotion.
Development of preschool teachers’ gaming competence
Authors: Khanova T.G. , Belinova N.V. , Vyalova N.V.
Published: June 2021

The creative game has its history, but it remains one of the urgent problems of modern pedagogy. Being the leading activity, containing the prerequisites for the formation of the most important psychological growths, the game is lagging, giving priority to educational activities. According to the authors, there is no unified approach to understanding the essence of the game, its motives, miscomprehension of its importance and enormous developmental potential, the attitude of adults to game as an unnecessary activity. The authors see the solution to this problem in the development of teachers’ professional competence in pedagogical support of children’s game, or gaming competence. The teacher, as a key subject of the educational process, needs to have a system of professional knowledge, game experience, personal qualities to make optimal conditions for the children’s game development, as well as the strive for self-development and creative growth. The article presents a project of methodological support for teachers, including four thematic modules, and implemented based on modern educational technologies. The probe results of this project drove to the conclusion about the effectiveness of improving the gaming competence of teachers by competently building the content and technologies of methodological work in a kindergarten.
Assessment of psychological and speech development in early childhood
Authors: Yastrebova L.A. , Lahmotkina V.I. , Maslova I.A.
Published: June 2021

The article discusses and describes in detail topical problems of psychological and speech development of young children. The relevance of this issue is associated with an increase in the number of children with problems in the development of speech already in the first years of life. A brief overview of studies on the formation of functional systems and higher cortical functions in ontogenesis, as well as applied aspects of assessing the psychological and speech development of young children is presented. The authors of the article conducted an experimental study, the results of which showed a visible lag behind the age normative indicators of psychomotor and speech development in children of the test group. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the obtained data showed that the pathogenetic basis of the existing disorders was delayed maturation of brain structures and functions against the background of chronic maternal diseases, unfavorable course of pregnancy, general somatic weakening and neurological status.
Pedagogical expediency of using computer technologies in the process of teaching Mathematics in a humanitarian university
Authors: Vezetiu E.V. , Makarenko Ju.V. , Bazhan Z.I.
Published: June 2021

The article reveals the problem of teaching Mathematics in humanitarian higher educational institutions that teach students in the context of new educational standards and reducing the time allocated for research in this discipline. The results of the introduction at the university of an educational and methodological complex based on a combination of contact work with students and distance learning methods supported with modern systems. The article confirms the need of finding effective ways of organizing the learning process, reviewing the structure and careful selection of the content of students’ training in Mathematics. The scientific novelty of the research is a factor that determines the pedagogical expediency of achieving the ability to use the means of computer technology in the educational process in Mathematics in universities.
Realization of the artistic potential of the personality of students in the educational process: on the example of a pedagogical university
Authors: Maksimenko A.Y. , Zargaryan I.V. , Katranji E.O.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the comprehension of modern problems of the development of the creative potential of the personality of students of a pedagogical university. The psychological and pedagogical nature of creative thinking is studied and emphasized, in accordance with which methods and conditions of teaching that need to be transformed are proposed. Taking into account the intensity of the influence of the informational space, the peculiarities of training and creative activity of students are also considered. A scientific method for the formation of creative ideas at the stage of search is proposed. The pedagogical conditions and requirements for teachers of the pedagogical department are formulated, which are necessary for the successful development of students’ creative abilities. The proposals for stimulating the creative and cognitive activity of students are generalized, namely, for their inclusion in exhibition and project activities throughout the entire course of study. The features of the development of the artistic potential of a student’s personality in artistic and educational activities are taken into account, the characteristics of the main level of development is given.
Betreuung von Sportlern unter Hitzebedingungen
Authors: Erz Gunnar , Nieß Andreas M.
Published: June 2021

Klimatische Extreme wie Hitze können zu einem leistungslimitierenden Faktor werden. Daneben drohen zahlreiche gesundheitliche Probleme. Die richtige Beratung und entsprechende Maßnahmen in der Betreuung von Sportlern können unter Hitzebedingungen nicht nur die Leistung ausschlaggebend beeinflussen.
Informationsbedarf Komplementärmedizin in der
Onkologie
Authors: Klose Petra , Voiß Petra , Kümmel Sherko , Dobos Gustav , Witt Claudia M. , Lange Silke
Published: June 2021

Onkologisch tätige Ärzte und Ärztinnen vermeiden es
häufig, mit ihren Patienten das Thema komplementäre Therapien
anzuschneiden, da sie sich selbst nicht ausreichend informiert fühlen.
Das kann sich ungünstig auf die langfristige Interaktion zwischen Arzt
und onkologisch Erkranktem auswirken, der – so besagen es die Zahlen
– höchstwahrscheinlich genau über diese Themen kompetent
informiert werden möchte. Um diesem Bedürfnis nachzukommen,
stellen sich dem Mediziner also drei Fragen: Woher bekomme ich
verlässliche und fundierte Informationen, wie kommuniziere ich mein
Wissen und gebe Empfehlungen und was möchte ich möglicherweise
selbst an komplementärmedizinischen Therapien anbieten? In diesem
Artikel werden die wichtigsten deutschsprachigen Informationsplattformen,
Weiterbildungsprogramme für Onkologen und Ausbildungskurse diverser
komplementärmedizinischer Therapien vorgestellt.
DNVF-Diskussionspapier – Besonderheiten, Herausforderungen und Ziele der Versorgungsforschung im Feld der seelischen Gesundheit
Authors: Schwarz Julian , von Peter Sebastian , Baumeister Harald , Dahling Volker , Gühne Uta , Gouzoulis-Mayfrank Euphrosyne , Härter Martin , Haun Markus W. , Jacke Christian , Lehmann Isabell , Neumann Anne , Pfennig Andrea , Salize Hans-Joachim , Timm Stephanie , Wiegand-Grefe Silke , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Heinze Martin
Published: June 2021

Versorgungsforschung im Feld der seelischen Gesundheit ist von zunehmender Bedeutung. Angesichts dieser Entwicklung hat die im Oktober 2017 gegründete DNVF Fachgruppe „Seelische Gesundheit“ ein Diskussionspapier verfasst, welches zentrale Besonderheiten, Herausforderungen und Ziele der Versorgungsforschung im Bereich der seelischen Gesundheit zusammenfasst. Im Einzelnen werden forschungsrelevante Besonderheiten des Versorgungsfeldes, pragmatische Probleme bei der Forschungsorganisation, ethische Herausforderungen und für dieses Feld besondere Themenstellungen vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Morbidity and quality of life in patients with vulvar cancer after inguinal sentinel lymphadenectomy compared to radical inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy
Authors: Thangarajah Fabinshy , Rogeé Kristina , Pahmeyer Caroline , Kuhr Kathrin , Schmidt Matthias , Fridrich Claudius , Morgenstern Bernd
Published: June 2021

Aim Probability of survival of patients with vulvar cancer directly depends on the lymph node status. Surgery of lymph nodes can be performed as radical inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy or in cases with certain conditions as sentinel lymph node surgery. The aim of this study is to obtain an overview of the intervention-related morbidity and quality of life in patients with vulvar carcinoma after lymphadenectomy.

Methods Quality of life and morbidity was compared between patients who underwent radical inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy with those who underwent sentinel lymph node surgery.

Results All recorded postoperative complications occur more frequently in the non-sentinel group, Significant difference was shown for the occurrence of lymphedema (p-value = 0.024) and sensitivity loss (p-value = 0.024). Recurrence of disease was more frequent in the non-sentinel group (38 % vs. 20 %, p = 0.621, n.s.) and satisfaction with groin surgery is slightly higher in the sentinel group (94 % vs. 89 %, p = 1.000, n.s.).

Conclusion We could demonstrate a significantly lower morbidity of sentinel lymphadenectomy compared to conventional inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy while maintaining the same oncological safety. The low morbidity of sentinel- lymphadenectomy does not seem to influence the postoperative quality of life significantly. However, recording of the individual burden of lymphadenectomy by questionnaires should be optimized.
Resistin is Associated with Inflammation and Renal Function, but not with Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rzepa Łukasz , Peller Michał , Eyileten Ceren , Rosiak Marek , Kondracka Agnieszka , Mirowska-Guzel Dagmara , Opolski Grzegorz , Filipiak Krzysztof J. , Postuła Marek , Kapłon-Cieslicka Agnieszka
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to investigate the association of adipokines (resistin, leptin and adiponectin) with obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 284 patients with T2DM were included. Concentrations of resistin, leptin, adiponectin, and inflammatory markers [high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6)] were measured and homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) index was calculated. Resistin correlated negatively with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and positively with hsCRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and white blood cell count (WBC). Leptin correlated positively with HOMA-IR, whereas adiponectin correlated negatively. Leptin also correlated positively with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, IL-6, WBC and negatively with eGFR. Adiponectin correlated negatively with waist circumference, WBC, and eGFR. Multivariate logistic regression indicated lower eGFR and higher WBC and IL-6 as independent predictive factors of resistin concentration above the upper quartile (CAQ3), whereas female sex and higher BMI and HOMA-IR of leptin CAQ3, and lower HOMA-IR and older age of adiponectin CAQ3. In conclusion, in contrast to leptin and adiponectin, in T2DM patients, resistin is not associated with BMI and IR, but with inflammation and worse kidney function.
Regulatory Perspectives of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Contamination in Herbal Medicinal Products
Authors: Wiesner Jacqueline
Published: June 2021

The toxicity of plants containing certain pyrrolizidine alkaloids has long been recognized in grazing animals and humans. Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity data from in vitro and in vivo (animal) studies were published over the last few decades for some of the 1,2-unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids, leading to regulatory action on herbal medicinal products with pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants more than 30 years ago. In recent years, it has become evident that in addition to herbal medicinal products containing pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants, these products may also contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids without actually including pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants. This is explained by contamination by accessory herbs (weeds). The national competent authorities of the European member states and the European Medicines Agency, in this case, the Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products, reacted to these findings by setting limits for all herbal
medicinal products. This review article will briefly discuss the data leading to the establishment of thresholds and the regulatory developments and consequences, as well as the current discussions and research in this area.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Need for an Integrated and Equitable Approach: An International Expert Consensus Paper
Authors: Gerotziafas Grigoris T. , Catalano Mariella , Theodorou Yiannis , Dreden Patrick Van , Marechal Vincent , Spyropoulos Alex C. , Carter Charles , Jabeen Nusrat , Harenberg Job , Elalamy Ismail , Falanga Anna , Fareed Jawed , Agathaggelou Petros , Antic Darko , Antignani Pier Luigi , Bosch Manuel Monreal , Brenner Benjamin , Chekhonin Vladimir , Colgan Mary-Paula , Dimopoulos Meletios-Athanasios , Douketis Jim , Elnazar Essam Abo , Farkas Katalin , Fazeli Bahare , Fowkes Gerry , Gu Yongquan , Gligorov Joseph , Ligocki Mark A. , Indran Tishya , Kannan Meganathan , Kantarcioglu Bulent , Kasse Abdoul Aziz , Konstantinidis Kostantinos , Leivano Fabio , Lewis Joseph , Makatsariya Alexander , Mbaye P Massamba , Mahé Isabelle , Panovska-Stavridis Irina , Olinic Dan-Mircea , Papageorgiou Chryssa , Pecsvarady Zsolt , Pillon Sergio , Ramacciotti Eduardo , Abdel-Razeq Hikmat , Sabbah Michele , Sassi Mouna , Schernthaner Gerit , Siddiqui Fakiha , Shiomura Jin , Slama-Schwok Anny , Wautrecht Jean Claude , Tafur Alfonso , Taher Ali , Klein-Wegel Peter , Zhai Zenguo , Zoubida Tazi Mezalek ,   Scientific Reviewer Committee
Published: June 2021

Background One year after the declaration of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) and despite the implementation of mandatory physical barriers and social distancing, humanity remains challenged by a long-lasting and devastating public health crisis.

Management Non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) are efficient mitigation strategies. The success of these NPIs is dependent on the approval and commitment of the population. The launch of a mass vaccination program in many countries in late December 2020 with mRNA vaccines, adenovirus-based vaccines, and inactivated virus vaccines has generated hope for the end of the pandemic.

Current Issues The continuous appearance of new pathogenic viral strains and the ability of vaccines to prevent infection and transmission raise important concerns as we try to achieve community immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants. The need of a second and even third generation of vaccines has already been acknowledged by the WHO and governments.

Perspectives There is a critical and urgent need for a balanced and integrated strategy for the management of the COVID-19 outbreaks organized on three axes: (1) Prevention of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, (2) Detection and early diagnosis of patients at risk of disease worsening, and (3) Anticipation of medical care (PDA).

Conclusion The “PDA strategy” integrated into state policy for the support and expansion of health systems and introduction of digital organizations (i.e., telemedicine, e-Health, artificial intelligence, and machine-learning technology) is of major importance for the preservation of citizens' health and life world-wide.
Absolute Asymmetric Catalysis, from Concept to Experiment: A Narrative
Authors: Crusats Joaquim , Moyano Albert
Published: June 2021

The generally accepted hypothesis to explain the origin of biological homochirality (that is to say, the fact that proteinogenic amino acids are left-handed, and carbohydrates right-handed, in all living beings) is to assume, in the course of prebiotic chemical evolution, the appearance of an initial enantiomeric excess in a set of chiral molecular entities by spontaneous mirror-symmetry breaking (SMSB), together with suitable amplification and replication mechanisms that overcome the thermodynamic drive to racemization. However, the achievement of SMSB in chemical reactions taking place in solution requires highly specific reaction networks showing nonlinear dynamics based on enantioselective autocatalysis, and examples of its experimental realization are very rare. On the other hand, emergence of net supramolecular chirality by SMSB in the self-assembly of achiral molecules has been seen to occur in several instances, and the chirality sign of the resulting supramolecular system can be controlled by the action of macroscopic chiral forces. These considerations led us to propose a new mechanism for the generation of net chirality in molecular systems, in which the SMSB takes place in the formation of chiral supramolecular dissipative structures from achiral monomers, leading to asymmetric imbalances in their composition that are subsequently transferred to a standard enantioselective catalytic reaction, dodging in this way the highly limiting requirement of finding suitable reactions in solution that show enantio­selective autocatalysis. We propose the name ‘absolute asymmetric catalysis’ for this approach, in which an achiral monomer is converted into a nonracemic chiral aggregate that is generated with SMSB and that is catalytically active.

Our aim in this Account is to present a step-by-step narrative of the conceptual and experimental development of this hitherto unregarded, but prebiotically plausible, mechanism for the emergence of net chirality in molecular reactions.

1 Introduction: The Origin of Biological Homochirality and Spontaneous Mirror-Symmetry Breaking

2 Experimental Chemical Models for Spontaneous Mirror-Symmetry Breaking: The Soai Reaction and Beyond

3 Spontaneous Mirror-Symmetry Breaking in Supramolecular Chemistry: Plenty of Room at the Top

4 Absolute Asymmetric Catalysis: An Alternative Mechanism for the Emergence of Net Chirality in Molecular Systems

5 Experimental Realization of Top-Down Chirality Transfer to the

Molecular Level

6 Conclusions and Outlook
Repair of a Chronic Triceps Tendon Rupture in a Dog Using an Autogenous Thoracolumbar Fascia Onlay Graft
Authors: Wood Christopher J. , Cashmore Ricky G.
Published: June 2021

A 5-year-old 38 kg entire male German Shepherd dog was referred for persistent non-weight bearing left thoracic limb lameness 5 weeks following failed triceps tendon repair. Physical exam revealed complete incompetence of the triceps mechanism with a large palpable defect proximal to the olecranon and when the shoulder was fixed in extension, the elbow could be fully flexed. A purulent draining tract was present on the caudolateral aspect of the distal brachium. Staged tendon repair was delayed until resolution of infection to allow for improved healing. Culture following surgical exploration of the traumatized area with resection of sinus tract and interposed fibro-granulomatous tissue yielded no growth. Definitive triceps brachii tendon repair was augmented with an autogenous thoracolumbar fascia onlay graft. Postoperatively, the repair was protected with a spica splint and the left thoracic limb immobilized with the elbow maintained in an extended position for 6 weeks. Re-evaluation 7 months later revealed the patient to be free of lameness. Disruption of the triceps brachii tendon is a rarely reported tendon injury with chronic disruption of triceps tendon associated with a guarded prognosis. To the authors knowledge, successful surgical repair of tendinous injury incorporating the use of an autogenous thoracolumbar fascia onlay graft has not previously been described.
Impact of Hand Hygiene on Hospital-Acquired Infection Rate in Neuro Trauma ICU at a Level 1 Trauma Center in the National Capital Region of India
Authors: Boora Sandeep , Singh Parul , Dhakal Roshni , Victor Dennis , Gunjiyal Jacinta , Lathwal Amit , Mathur Purva
Published: June 2021

Introduction Compliance to hand hygiene (HH) is an important measure in preventing infections to patients in health-care settings. Wellness and safety of patients and health-care workers (HCWs) can be achieved by promoting best practices in infection control through education and advocacy.

Aims and Objectives To assess the compliance to HH among all cadres of HCWs and its association with hospital-acquired infection (HAI) in patients.

Materials and Methods A prospective, observational study was conducted for a period of 5 years (January 2014 to December 2018) in Neuro Trauma intensive care unit. A standard checklist based on World Health Organization’s 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene was used as a tool to measure the HH compliance.

Results HAI rate was found to be directly proportional to the compliance to HH. Reduction in HAI rates was reported when there was an increase in HH compliance. HAI of 4.25% was found to be lowest in the year 2015 with the compliance to HH of 63.65%. The HH compliance was also found to be highest (64.63%) in the year 2016 followed by 64.12% in the year 2017. During this period HAI rates were 4.35% and 4.8%, respectively. When the HH compliance declined in the year 2018 to 53.95%, there was an increase in the rate of HAI to 6.9%.

Conclusion It could be concluded that HH compliance was associated with the decrease in HAIs. HH could be a simple and cost-effective method in the prevention of HAIs.
Factors Predicting the Recurrence of Febrile Seizure in Siloam General Hospital: A Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Octavius Gilbert S. , Handoko Tan G. H. , Budiputri Charista L. , Muljono Michelle P. , Juliansen Andry
Published: June 2021

Febrile seizure (FS) is one of the most common pediatric neurologic disorders, affecting 2 to 5% of children between 6 months and 5 years. In 2008 to 2010, almost half of children with FS in Indonesia experienced recurrences. Various factors have been related to potential predictors for FS recurrence. However, available data reported inconsistent results. Considering its high recurrence rate, this study aimed to determine and assess the factors predicting the recurrence of FS. A cross-sectional study was done in Siloam General Hospital, Lippo Village. The study period was from December 2018 to December 2019, and data were obtained through medical records. Out of 60 participants, 41.7% had recurrent FS. No administration of rectal diazepam before admission (odds ratio [OR] = 6.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–34.2, p = 0.027) was a predictive factor of recurrent FS, while female sex (OR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.64–0.80, p = 0.025) and shorter duration of the first FS (OR = 0.21; 95% CI 0.06–0.69, p = 0.008) were protective factors of recurrent FS. Identification of factors predicting the recurrence of FS is a powerful tool for clinicians. This study showed that no administration of rectal diazepam before admission was correlated with the risk of FS recurrence, while shorter duration of FS and female sex were protective factors of recurrent FS.
Impact of the p-Value Threshold on Interpretation of Trial Outcomes in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Bruno Ann M. , Shea Ashley E. , Einerson Brett D. , Metz Torri D. , Allshouse Amanda A. , Scott James R. , Blue Nathan R.
Published: June 2021

Objective Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the highest level of evidence to inform clinical practice. However, the reproducibility crisis has raised concerns about the scientific rigor of published RCT findings. Some advocate for a lower p-value threshold. We aimed to review published OB/Gyn topical RCTs in three representative OB/Gyn journals and three high impact non-OB/Gyn journals to determine if their interpretations would change with adoption of a p-value threshold for significance of 0.005. Secondarily, we evaluated if there were differences in methodologic characteristics between those that did and did not lose significance.

Study Design A manual search was performed to identify all OB/Gyn RCTs published in the selected journals between July 2017 and June 2019. Data were collected on primary outcome(s), methodology, and p-values. We determined the proportion of primary outcomes that would remain statistically significant with adoption of a p-value significance threshold of 0.005 versus be reinterpreted as “suggestive” (defined as p-value between 0.005 and 0.05). Chi-square or Fisher's exact test were used to compare study characteristics.

Results Overall, 202 RCTs met inclusion criteria; 52% in obstetrics and 48% in gynecology. Of 90 studies considered significant with p <0.05 at the time of publication, 54.4% (n = 49) would maintain significant (p < 0.005), while 45.6% (n = 41) would become suggestive using the lower threshold. Most RCTs utilized a single (90.1%) versus composite (8.9%) primary outcome type, used an intent-to-treat analysis (73.3%), and studied a drug intervention (46.5%). Methodologically, 23.7% did not prespecify analysis type, 28.2% did not meet the pre-determined sample size, and 9.4% did not report an a priori sample size calculation. Studies maintaining significance were more likely to be international and report a funding source.

Conclusion Adopting a p-value significance threshold of 0.005 would require reinterpretation of almost half of RCT results in the OB/Gyn literature. Highly variable methodological quality was identified.

Key Points
Post-Stroke Depression and Its Effect on Functional Outcomes during Inpatient Rehabilitation
Authors: Sharma Gurumayum Sonachand , Gupta Anupam , Khanna Meeka , Prakash Naveen Bangarpet
Published: June 2021

Objective The aim of the study is to observe the effect of post-stroke depression on functional outcomes during inpatient rehabilitation.

Materials and Methods The design involved is prospective observational study. The location involved is Neurological Rehabilitation unit in a tertiary care university hospital. The study period ranges from October 2019 to April 2020. The participants involved are the patients with first ever stroke, male and female with age ≥18 years and duration less than 1 year. All participants were assessed at admission and after 14 sessions of inpatient rehabilitation by depression subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). The stroke outcomes measures used were: Barthel Index (BI), Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS), and Modified Rankin Scale (MRS).

Results There are a total of 30 participants (18 males) with median stroke duration of 90 days. The median age of the patients was 58 years. Sixteen patients had ischemic and 14 had hemorrhagic stroke. Out of these, 57% (n = 17) had symptoms of depression (HADS-D >7). Participants in both groups (with and without depression) showed improvement in all the functional outcome measures (BI, SSS, MRS) at the time of discharge as compared with admission scores. The changes in the outcome measures were statistically significant within groups (p < 0.05) but not significant between the groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion The post-stroke depression is common among stroke survivors of less than 1 year duration. There was no significant difference in the functional outcomes between stroke patients with depression and those without depression with inpatient rehabilitation program.
5.1.7 Product Subclass 7: Germylenes
Authors: Takeda N.
Published: June 2021

This chapter is a revised and updated version of the previous Science of Synthesis contribution describing methods for the synthesis of germylenes. As starting materials for the synthesis of germylenes, dihalogermanes and stable germanium(II) compounds {for example, GeCl2•dioxane, GeI2, and Ge[N(SiMe3)2]2} have been used since the 1970s. In recent decades, digermynes and some new stable germanium(II) compounds such as chlorogermylenes, aminogermylenes, borylgermylenes, and hydrogermylene dimers have been synthesized, and these species have also been used as starting materials for the synthesis of germylenes.
The declining share of primary data and the neglect of the individual level in international business research
Authors: Cerar Jelena , Nell Phillip C. , Reiche B. Sebastian
Published: June 2021

Complementing Nielsen and colleagues’ (2020) analysis of methodological trends in theJournal of International Business Studiesover the past 50 years, we examine similar data on methods published in a wider range of leading international business (IB) journals. Our analysis shows a clear decline of studies based on primary data relative to secondary data, and a persistently low level of individual-level studies among the growing body of research using secondary data across all IB journals considered. We discuss the main mechanisms driving these trends and identify the problems of IB’s increasing exposure to the risks inherent in secondary data. We also discuss the implications related to neglecting individual-level data for theory advancement in IB, such as a disregard for novel secondary data opportunities at the individual level and the risk of reduced theoretical pluralism. In doing so, we substantially extend the debate initiated by Nielsen and colleagues (2020).
Bond order predictions using deep neural networks
Authors: Magedov Sergey , Koh Christopher , Malone Walter , Lubbers Nicholas , Nebgen Benjamin
Published: June 2021

Machine learning is an extremely powerful tool for the modern theoretical chemist since it provides a method for bypassing costly algorithms for solving the Schrödinger equation. Already, it has proven able to infer molecular and atomic properties such as charges, enthalpies, dipoles, excited state energies, and others. Most of these machine learning algorithms proceed by inferring properties of individual atoms, even breaking down total molecular energy into individual atomic contributions. In this paper, we introduce a modified version of the Hierarchically Interacting Particle Neural Network (HIP-NN) capable of making predictions on the bonds between atoms rather than on the atoms themselves. We train the modified HIP-NN to infer bond orders for a large number of small organic molecules as computed via the Natural Bond Orbital package. We demonstrate that the trained model is extensible to molecules much larger than those in the training set by studying its performance on the COMP6 dataset. This method has applications in cheminformatics and force field parameterization and opens a promising future for machine learning models to predict other quantities that are defined between atoms such as density matrix elements, Hamiltonian parameters, and molecular reactivities.
Wave redirection, localization, and non-reciprocity in a dissipative nonlinear lattice by macroscopic Landau–Zener tunneling: Experimental results
Authors: Kanj A. , Wang C. , Mojahed A. , Vakakis A. , Tawfick S.
Published: June 2021

Nonlinear lattices and the nonlinear acoustics they support have a broad impact on shock and vibration mitigation, sound isolation, and acoustic logic devices. In this work, we experimentally study wave redirection, localization, and non-reciprocity in an asymmetric network of two nonlinear lattices with weak linear inter-lattice coupling. We report on the design, fabrication, and system identification of coupled lattices with essentially nonlinear next-neighbor intra-lattice coupling and on their unusual nonlinear acoustics. By weakly coupling the lattices and introducing structural disorder in one of them, we experimentally prove the realization of irreversible breather redirection between lattices governed by a macroscopic analog of the quantum Landau–Zener tunneling effect. In the experiments performed, the input energy is applied by impulse (broadband) excitation, and the resulting acoustical mechanism for wave redirection is in the form of propagating breathers, that is, localized oscillating wave packets formed by the synergy of nonlinearity and dispersion. Moreover, we study the non-reciprocal acoustics of the experimental lattice system by applying separate impulses at each of its four terminals and investigate the tunability with the energy of the resulting acoustic non-reciprocity by systematically varying the impulse intensity. The reported experimental results show that the weakly coupled, disordered, and nonlinear lattice system has wave tailoring properties that are tunable with energy. Altogether, the experimental results agree well with theoretical predictions reported in a companion work based on reduced-order numerical models and prove the efficacy of the system for applications, providing a path for applying these advanced concepts in future structures and devices.
Noise-induced symmetry breaking of self-regulators: Nonequilibrium transition toward homochirality
Authors: Rafeek Rafna , Mondal Debasish
Published: June 2021

We present a theoretical model to study the origin of chiral symmetry breaking of a racemic mixture of optically active biomolecules. We consider a collection of Brownian particles, which can stay in any of the three possible isomeric states: one achiral and two enantiomers. Isomers are undergoing self-regulatory reaction along with chiral inhibition and achiral decay processes. The reaction rates of the isomeric states are guided by their neighbors as well as the thermal fluctuations of the system. We find that an alteration in the relative dominance of self-regulation, chiral inhibition, and achiral decay processes breaks the chiral symmetry of the system, which is either partial or complete. This results in four different asymmetric population states, viz., three-isomer coexistence, enantiomeric coexistence, chiral–achiral coexistence, and homochiral state. A change in the reaction condition induces nonequilibrium transition among these states. We also report that a fast stochastic self-regulation and a slow chiral inhibition and achiral decay process along with a threshold population of interacting neighbors suffice for the requisite for transition toward a completely symmetry broken state, i.e., homochirality.
Effect of three-dimensional smooth humps on hypersonic boundary layer instability of streamwise vortices over a yawed cone
Authors: Li Xiaohu , Yang Qiang , Chen Jianqiang , Huang Zhangfeng , Xu Guoliang , Tu Guohua
Published: June 2021

This paper describes the design of a class of three-dimensional (3D) smooth humps mounted on a yawed cone model for a high-precision compressible Navier–Stokes solver. The influence of isolated 3D humps with different heights on the linear stability of streamwise vortices over a yawed cone with a 7° half-angle at a 6° angle-of-attack, free-stream Mach number of 6, and unit Reynolds number of 1.0×107/m is investigated. The results show that smooth humps induce stationary streaks inside the streamwise vortices over a yawed cone, effectively increasing the energy of the inward vortex and inhibiting the evolution and development of the outward vortex. Stability analysis shows that the induced streaks enhance the inner mode instability, suppress the outer mode instability, and reduce the dominant frequency of the outer mode. The stability properties of the hump-induced streaks are studied, and the physical process of the transformation between the new streak instability mode and the original boundary layer mode is revealed. The eN method based on global stability theory is used to predict the transition location along the centerline on the leeward side of the cone. It is found that configurations with hump heights of 0.153 and 0.267 times the local boundary layer thickness result in a transition delay of ∼3% and ∼11%, respectively.
Metachronal motion of a thermally actuated double pendulum driven by self-propulsion caused by spontaneous asymmetrical heat transfer
Authors: Sugioka Hideyuki , Tomita Wataru , Tanaka Mitsuhiro
Published: June 2021

A metachronal motion produces a net flow in a low Reynolds regime and is thus important for the development of artificial cilia. In this study, we report that a thermally actuated double pendulum exhibits a metachronal motion using a self-propulsion mechanism caused by spontaneous asymmetrical heat transfer. Specifically, by using a multiple pendulum structure in which three beams of different lengths are hung in parallel in order of length on a U-shaped nichrome heater, we demonstrate that phase differences can be produced among beams. Our device can be applied to biomedical microfluidic systems or microrobots in water.
Direct measurement of thermal conductivity of gold nanowires and nanoribbons at ambient room temperature and 100 °C
Authors: Anderson Joyce H. , Maithripala Sanjeeva , Holtz Mark W.
Published: June 2021

Direct measurements are reported of the thermal conductivity (κ) for gold nanowires and nanoribbons fabricated on a support substrate. Two thickness values of 50 and 100 nm are investigated with lateral dimensions ranging from 74 to 720 nm, thereby spanning the nanowire to nanoribbon scales. Average polycrystalline grain sizes were 27 ± 5 nm for thickness 50 nm and 35 ± 4 nm for 100 nm thickness. Systematic decrease in κ is observed as film thickness is reduced and, for given thickness, as width decreases. At large lateral width studied here, corresponding to the microscale, κ values at room temperature are 280 and 200 W/m K for thicknesses of 100 and 50 nm, respectively. These are to be compared with the accepted value of κ = 317 W/m K for bulk gold. For the smallest case investigated, 50 nm in thickness and 74 nm in width, a value of κ = 56 W/m K is obtained. A small decrease is observed for κ when measured with ambient temperature 100 °C. The systematic dependence on width, for each thickness and both ambient temperatures studied, followed a simple exponential dependence with a characteristic length parameter of ∼150 nm. This length parameter exceeds the accepted electron mean-free path (∼40 nm), the grain sizes, and the film thicknesses. The decrease in κ with diminishing size was examined based on the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) methods. Agreement and limitations of the BTE are discussed.
Long-term acoustic telemetry reveals limited movement of fish in an unregulated, perennial river
Authors: Carpenter-Bundhoo Luke , Butler Gavin L. , Bond Nick R. , Bunn Stuart E. , Kennard Mark J.
Published: June 2021

Anthropogenic changes to river flows can alter hydrological connectivity and cues necessary for the movement of fish to complete their life cycles. Quantifying flow-related movement ecology of fish and understanding how this varies between species and river systems is important for effective environmental flow management. This study aimed to determine hydroecological factors that influence fish movements in an unregulated, perennial river and to compare these findings to fish from regulated river systems. Broad-scale movements of the endangered Maccullochella ikei and Tandanus tandanus were recorded over 3 years in the unregulated, perennial Nymboida River, Australia. The limited movements both species exhibited were infrequent and over short distances. Although M. ikei movements appeared mostly unrelated to environmental changes, T. tandanus moved on flow pulse peaks and were more likely to move during the breeding season. These findings contrast with previous studies of the same or similar species in differing flow regimes, suggesting that fish in perennial, highly connected rivers may not need to move as frequently as those in more regulated or intermittent systems. Should these disparate behaviours be present in other species occurring among contrasting flow regimes, it will be challenging to define generalisable environmental flow rules to inform river management.
Dynamic simulation of fire propagation in forests and rangelands using a GIS-based cellular automata model
Authors: Gharakhanlou Navid Mahdizadeh , Hooshangi Navid
Published: June 2021

Prediction of the way wildfires propagate in forests and rangelands is one of the critical issues in environmental protection and disaster management. This research aims to simulate wildfire propagation using a geographical information system (GIS)-based cellular automata (CA) model. The model considers the most effective spatial and temporal drivers of wildfire propagation, including wind speed and direction, type and density of vegetation, and topographic conditions. Wind speed and direction were considered changeable over the simulation process. A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to calibrate the model developed. Validation of the model was performed using an independent fire case assessed by the overall accuracy (OA) criterion and the Kappa coefficient index. The mean values obtained for the OA and the Kappa coefficient in 100 runs for two wildfire cases indicated that the proposed model could be effectively used in the simulation of wildfire propagation. The results of this model can assist fire managers in predicting fire propagation to better control wildfires.
Mechanistic basis for receptor-mediated pathological α-synuclein fibril cell-to-cell transmission in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zhang Shengnan , Liu Yu-Qing , Jia Chunyu , Lim Yeh-Jun , Feng Guoqin , Xu Enquan , Long Houfang , Kimura Yasuyoshi , Tao Youqi , Zhao Chunyu , Wang Chuchu , Liu Zhenying , Hu Jin-Jian , Ma Meng-Rong , Liu Zhijun , Jiang Lin , Li Dan , Wang Renxiao , Dawson Valina L. , Dawson Ted M. , Li Yan-Mei , Mao Xiaobo , Liu Cong
Published: June 2021

Significance

Receptor-mediated cell-to-cell transmission of pathological α-synuclein (α-syn) plays an important role in the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). We show that α-syn uses its acidic C terminus to bind an alkaline patch on the receptors. The formation of amyloid fibrils dramatically enhances the binding by condensing α-syn molecules and better exposing the C terminus. Moreover, S129 phosphorylation, a hallmark modification of α-syn accumulation in Lewy bodies, further strengthens the electrostatic interactions between α-syn and the receptors, which accelerates the PD-like pathology in mice. This work illuminates mechanistic understanding on the spread of pathological proteins and provides structural information for the therapeutic targeting of pathological α-syn spread in PD progression.
The origin of cooperation
Authors: Koduri Nihal , Lo Andrew W.
Published: June 2021

Significance

We develop a mathematical theory of how natural selection operates in the presence of interaction between replicating units. Our results show that with interaction, natural selection does more than seek to selfishly maximize fecundity. It also seeks to minimize correlation of fecundity between replicating units. We argue that correlation is a mechanism by which evolution can select for cooperation. This mechanism is distinct from standard biological explanations like kin selection, group selection, and reciprocity, and relies only on natural selection, and without recourse to notions of evolutionary stability.
Piperacillin triggers virulence factor biosynthesis via the oxidative stress response in
Burkholderia thailandensis
Authors: Li Anran , Okada Bethany K. , Rosen Paul C. , Seyedsayamdost Mohammad R.
Published: June 2021

Significance

Low-dose antibiotics can activate the expression of otherwise silent biosynthetic loci, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. Our results reveal several classes of molecules that globally induce secondary metabolite biogenesis in the model bacterium
Burkholderia thailandensis
. We illuminate the mechanism of induction of one of these elicitors, the β-lactam piperacillin, and uncover oxidative stress as a new input that initiates synthesis of the virulence factor malleicyprol. The finding that malleicyprol is a component of the oxidative stress response indicates that
B. thailandensis
has evolved to trigger virulence when faced with reactive oxygen species. Understanding the links between small-molecule elicitors and otherwise silent biosynthetic programs promises to unlock the structures and regulation of so-far “hidden” natural products.
Estimating seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Ohio: A Bayesian multilevel poststratification approach with multiple diagnostic tests
Authors: Kline David , Li Zehang , Chu Yue , Wakefield Jon , Miller William C. , Norris Turner Abigail , Clark Samuel J.
Published: June 2021

Significance

In July 2020, there was great uncertainty around the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite its vital importance for public health policy, knowledge about the cumulative incidence of past infections was limited by challenges with diagnostic testing and the presence of mild or asymptomatic cases. Within this environment, competing narratives emerged around the prevalence of past SARS-CoV-2 infections, which would have had differing policy implications. To address this, in July 2020 a population-representative household survey collected serum for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection in Ohio in the United States. This study describes a Bayesian statistical method developed to estimate the population prevalence of past infections accounting for the low positive rate; multiple imperfect diagnostic tests; and nonignorable nonresponse.
Ion-dependent protein–surface interactions from intrinsic solvent response
Authors: Prelesnik Jesse L. , Alberstein Robert G. , Zhang Shuai , Pyles Harley , Baker David , Pfaendtner Jim , De Yoreo James J. , Tezcan F. Akif , Remsing Richard C. , Mundy Christopher J.
Published: June 2021

Significance

Hard–soft interfaces between inorganic surfaces and biomolecules promote self-assembly processes with broad implications in biogeochemistry, energy sciences, nanomedicine, and origins of life. Yet, detailed molecular-scale understanding of inorganic–biomolecule interactions and their dependence on solution conditions is missing. We present a theory for the initial stages of inorganic–biomolecule assembly based on the far-field response of water, using experimentally characterized interactions between muscovite surfaces and mica-binding proteins as model systems. Our work connects molecular details of the solution to assembly outcomes and suggests the initial driving forces for assembly are dominated by long-range, ion-specific interactions. The connections made between interfacial structure and long-range surface–biomolecule interactions provide insights toward a predictive understanding of biomolecular self-assembly on mineral surfaces.
Probing magnetic moment operators in

production and

rare decay *
Authors: Cao Qing-Hong , Jiang Hao-Ran , Li Bin , Liu Yandong , Zeng Guojin
Published: June 2021

The magnetic moment (

) and weak magnetic moment (

) of charged leptons and quarks are sensitive to quantum effects of new physics heavy resonances. In effective field theory,

and

are induced by two independent operators. Therefore, one has to measure both

and

to shed light on new physics. The

's of the SM fermions are measured at the LEP. In this work, we analyze the contributions from magnetic and weak magnetic moment operators in the processes of

and

at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider. We demonstrate that the two processes can cover most of the parameter space that cannot be probed at the LEP.