bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnicity and Gender in Else Lasker-Schüler's "Oriental" Stories: "Der Amokläufer" ("Tschandragupta") and "Ached Bey"
Authors: Uerlings Herbert
Published: October 2010

In her two prose works Die Nächte Tino von Bagdads (The Nights of Tino of Baghdad, 1907) and Der Prinz von Theben (The Prince of Thebes, 1914) Else Lasker-Schüler thematizes the connection of ethnicity, gender, and art in an imaginary Oriental setting. An examination of these two stories shows the sophistication with which she undermines any notion of unambiguous identity, whether ethnic or sexual, and the implications of her challenge to images of Jewish femininity for her conception of art and her position within the avant-garde of classical modernity. Lasker-Schüler's productive intertextual connection to Heine and her critical distance to cultural Zionism (Martin Buber) are analyzed with regard to the German-Jewish history of ideas. (HU)
Else Lasker-Schüler: Writing Hysteria
Authors: Redmann Jennifer
Published: October 2010

An examination of Else Lasker-Schüler's connection to the discourse of hysteria so pervasive in her day tells us much about how she viewed herself as a woman and an author. Images and metaphors of hysteria figure within Lasker-Schüler's prose texts "Der Fakir" and "Arthur Aronymus," and her autobiographical essays "Lasker-Schüler contra B. und Genossen" and "Only for Children over Five Years" can be analyzed within the context of the case history as literary genre. In writing about her own illness and that of her fictional characters, Lasker-Schüler both criticizes the gender relations of her time and invokes the repressed desires and radical possibilities inherent in the language of hysteria.
In the Waiting Room of Literature: Helen Grund and the Practice of Travel and Fashion Writing
Authors: Ganeva Mila
Published: October 2010

Helen Grund was one of Weimar Germany's most intriguing authors of fashion journalism and short prose. Her essays, published between 1925 and 1935 in the Frankfurter Zeitung and Die Dame , enriched in various ways the generic spectrum of the feuilleton and the travelogue ( Reisebericht ) and thus constructed a medium of expression frequently preferred by many women writers and reporters of that time. Grund's short prose could also serve as an example of the representation of a specifically feminine experience in the modern metropolis and can be read as a testimony of the German flâneuse .
Feels Like Teen Spirit: Teaching Cultural Difference through Bodies, Gender, and Affect
Authors: Langston Richard
Published: October 2010

Foreign-language pedagogy, cultural theories of affect, and feminism can join forces to help foster cross-cultural understanding among advanced language learners. This fusion is especially useful for commercial popular cultures whose surfaces evince few self-evident cultural distinctions. Theory's investment in affective difference and bodily movement broadens pedagogy's concern for optimizing affective learning factors in the classroom; affect resides in both the form of instruction and in its cultural content. Feminist epistemology operates as a vital moderator in this dialogue, for it alone can grapple with the functionalization of gender difference endemic to both native and foreign popular cultures. (RL)
Cooking up Memories: The Role of Food, Recipes, and Relationships in Jeannette Lander's Überbleibsel
Authors: Henderson Heike
Published: October 2010

This article examines the role of food in Jeannette Lander's 1995 novel Überbleibsel . It considers the multifaceted connections between food, memory, and intercultural experiences. Special emphasis is placed on the rules of Kashrut and their impact on the narrator's culinary practice. The article further explores the relationship between the narrator's two great passions, cooking and writing. It also investigates the contradictions between the narrator's gourmet aspirations and weight-loss ambitions, and the power relations inherent in the process of cooking for others. Gender, while rarely mentioned by the author herself, plays an important role in all of these topics.
Excerpt from the Novel Entfernung
Authors: Streeruwitz Marlene
Published: October 2010

This excerpt from Marlene Streeruwitz's new novel—followed by an English translation—features the writer's unique stylistic expression. Entfernung . chronicles the life of a woman on the brink of destruction, since Selma Bechthold experiences globalization as a personal attack that threatens her very identity. Fear becomes reality when a terrorist attack paralyzes London. In order to survive, she must find her own truth, a process in which language plays an integral part.
Marital Status and the Rhetoric of the Women's Movement in World War I Germany
Authors: Dollard Catherine
Published: October 2010

The rhetoric of the German women's movement regarding female marital status changed during World War I. Female marital status had been a central concern of the leadership of the women's movement prior to the war. Yet as female marital prospects diminished in the wake of the Great War, leading voices in the imperial German women's movement shifted their focus away from the problematic "surplus woman" and adopted a platform that emphasized female unity and patriotism. This rhetorical shift advanced a vision of a "maternal citizen" that would figure prominently in the divisive gender politics of the Weimar era. (CD)
Artist for Art's Sake or Artist for Sale: Lulu's and Else's Failed Attempts at Aesthetic Self-Fashioning
Authors: Comfort Kelly
Published: October 2010

Frank Wedekind's Lulu, of his plays Earth-Spirit (1895) and Pandora's Box (1904), and Arthur Schnitzler's Else, from the novella Fräulein Else (1924), are both examples of female performance artists given their construction of stylized and aestheticized selves. By comparing Lulu and Else, this essay reveals how women's performativity can either constitute a form of empowerment and self-affirmation or serve as a path toward commodification and consumability. Despite Lulu's and Else's initial attempts to achieve agency by fashioning themselves as artists or aesthetes, socioeconomic forces and the men who control them turn both women into aesthetic objects and salable commodities. (KC)
Ruth Angress Kluger: To the Writer and Scholar on Her 75th Birthday
Authors: Kraft Helga , Lorenz Dagmar C.G.
Published: October 2010

The following reminiscences trace the career of Ruth Kluger in commemoration of her 75th birthday and celebrate her contributions to German Studies in the United States and the international scholarly and literary scene. Both authors offer an account of personal contacts with the scholar and writer in appreciation of the mentorship she has so generously granted, especially to future women scholars and members of the Coalition of Women in German. The last section features two of Ruth Kluger's poems, both in the original and in translation. (HK)
The Photographic Enactment of the Early New Woman in 1890s German Women's Bicycling Magazines
Authors: Muellner Beth
Published: October 2010

The studio photographs of women bicyclists sent in by the readers of the German women's bicycling magazines Draisena and Die Rodlerin in the latter half of the 1890s are read as evidence that an Early German New Woman was busy defining emancipation independently from the organized women's movement long before the New Woman of the 1920s. The photographic evidence of the magazines helps elucidate the terms "emancipation" and the "New Woman" in relation to bicycling and corrects historical scholarship that too easily conflates these terms with sport and the German women's movement, primarily due to the ubiquity of turn-of-the century bicycle advertisements.
Productive Tensions: Teaching Films by German Women and Feminist Film Theory
Authors: McCormick Richard W.
Published: October 2010

German women filmmakers and feminist film theorists have been productive in different "realms" since the 1970s. Courses focusing on the two can be productive as well. After briefly discussing the political consequences of such courses, I sketch the historical development of filmmaking by women in West Germany from the mid-1970s to the early 1980s. Then I trace a shift in feminist film theory (predominantly Anglo-American, although influenced by French theory) from the 1970s to the 1980s. Finally, I discuss some comparable developments over the course of the 1980s in German films by women.
Women in the GDR: Will Renewal Pass Them By?
Authors: Nickel Hildegard Maria
Published: October 2010

Hildegard Nickel summarizes positive and negative effects of 40 years of GDR socialism on women in her country. She critiques traditional GDR "studies of women" and calls for new research in women's studies.
"Hoffentlich werde ich taugen." Zu Situation und Kontext von Brigitte Schwaiger/Eva Deutsch Die Galizianerin
Authors: Lorenz Dagmar C.G.
Published: October 2010

The article explores the situation, post-Holocaust Viennese society and rising anti-Semitism in Waldheim-Austria, and the background against which Schwaiger, an established mainstream Austrian author, writes the life history of Deutsch, a Holocaust survivor from Silesia whose native language is Yiddish. The relationship between interviewer and informant is analyzed as one of exploitation of a marginalized woman by a privileged one. Problems of ethics and authenticity are discussed and the question is raised whether Schwaiger exploits Deutsch for economic and ideological reasons, or whether the stereotypes and misrepresentations are the result of unnoticed cultural, intellectual, and linguistic barriers.
Patriarchy, Memory, and the Third Reich in the Autobiographical Novels of Eva Zeller
Authors: Martin Elaine
Published: October 2010

Eva Zeller is best known for her two autobiographical works, Solange ich denken kann (1981), which centers on the author's troubled relationship with her domineering father, and Nein und Amen (1985), which focuses on a love relationship doomed by the war. Both relationships are portrayed against the backdrop of ever-encroaching Nazi policies. Zeller investigates not only the difficulties of adolescence, here intensified by the additional stress of National Socialism and a world war, but also the possible connections between patriarchal values and attitudes, sexism, and the rise of fascist and totalitarian states.
An old „new” disease: body dysmorphic disorder (dysmorphophobia)
Authors: Szabó Pál
Published: October 2010

Bár a testdiszmorfiás zavar jelentős szenvedéssel, a pszichoszociális funkciók súlyos romlásával és veszélyes kockázatokkal járó betegség, a hazai szakirodalomban szinte alig említik. Így a szerző célkitűzése, hogy részletes áttekintést adjon erről a kevéssé ismert, de nem ritka betegségről. A tünettan középpontjában a saját test észlelésének súlyos zavara áll, ami szociális izolációhoz, szorongáshoz, depresszióhoz és kényszeres megnyilvánulásokhoz vezet. A betegségbelátás hiánya miatt a betegséget gyakran nem ismerik fel. Igen magas a komorbiditás az affektív zavarokkal, szorongásos zavarokkal, személyiségzavarokkal, evészavarokkal, az alkohol- és kémiai szerfüggőséggel. A betegek életminősége igen rossz, az öngyilkosság veszélye nagy, emellett a heteroagresszivitás sem ritka. A betegség kialakulásában mind biológiai, mind pszichológiai és szociokulturális tényezők is szerepet játszanak. Képalkotó vizsgálatokkal és neuropszichológiai módszerekkel jellegzetes eltéréseket mutattak ki. A betegség kialakulásában szerepet tulajdonítanak a gyermekkori visszaélésnek, illetve elhanyagolásnak, a külső megjelenéssel kapcsolatos megjegyzéseknek, a stresszoroknak és a média hatásának. A zavar pontprevalenciája az általános népességben 0,7–2,5%, a felsőoktatásban tanulók, pszichiátriai, bőrgyógyászati és plasztikai sebészeti betegek között ennél lényegesen magasabb a gyakoriság. A betegség jellemzően a serdülőkor elején kezdődik, és kezelés nélkül tartósan fennmarad, krónikus lefolyást mutat. Gyógyszeres kezeléssel és/vagy pszichoterápiával viszonylag rövid idő alatt tartós javulás, illetve gyógyulás érhető el. Orv. Hetil., 2010,
44,
1805–1815.
The epidemiology of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Lakatos Gábor , Tulassay Zsolt
Published: October 2010

A hasnyálmirigyrák ugyan ritka betegség, jelentős halálozási aránya miatt azonban a daganatos eredetű halálozás gyakori oka. Hatékony szűrőmódszer nem áll rendelkezésre. A hasnyálmirigyrák döntően az idős emberek betegsége, előfordulása gyakoribb férfiakban, mint nőkben. A daganat gyakorisága változó a különböző országokban, ami a környezeti tényezők fontosságát sejteti a betegség kialakulásának hátterében. A dohányzás a betegség ismert kockázati tényezője, az étrendi tényezők szerepe kisebb jelentőségű. A rák kialakulásának esélyét fokozza továbbá az idült hasnyálmirigy-gyulladás és az elhízás. A cukorbetegség szerepe nem egyértelmű. Számos öröklött csírasejt-mutációt hoztak összefüggésbe a hasnyálmirigyrák kialakulásával. A legnagyobb kockázatot a herediter pancreatitis fennállása jelenti, míg a BRCA2 gén eltérései a leggyakoribbak. Úgy tűnik, hogy a genetikai polimorfizmus szerepe a betegség kialakulásában igen jelentős. Orv. Hetil., 2010,
44,
1816–1822.
Terahertz Emission from Vertically-aligned Silicon Nanowires
Authors: Cho Yong Jae , Jung Gyeong Bok , Myung Yoon , Kim Han Sung , Seo Young Suk , Park Jeunghee
Published: October 2010

Large-area vertically aligned silicon nanowire (Si NW) arrays were synthesized with a controlled length (0.3 ˜ 9 μm) by the chemical etching of n-type silicon substrates. Upon their excitation using a fs Ti-sapphire laser pulse (800 nm), their THz emission intensity exhibits strong dependence on their length; the intensity increases sharply up to a length of 3 μm and then decreases slightly, due to the complete absorption of the optical pump power. The Raman scattering spectrum exhibits the same behavior as that of the THz emission. We suggest that the field enhancement by localized surface plasmons induces more efficient THz emission or Raman scattering for the longer Si NWs. The photocurrent measured in a photoelectrochemical cell showed consistently the length dependence with a maximum value at the length of 5 μm.
Analysis of Charge Transport and Recombination Studied by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells With Atomic Layer Deposited Metal Oxide Treatment on TiO2 Surface
Authors: Bills Braden , Shanmugam Mariyappan , Farrokh Baroughi Mahdi , Galipeau David
Published: October 2010

The performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is limited by the back-reaction of photogenerated electrons from the porous titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles back into the electrolyte solution, which occurs almost exclusively through the interface. This and the fact that DSSCs have a very large interfacial area makes their performance greatly dependant on the density and activity of TiO2 surface states. Thus, effectively engineering the TiO2/dye/electrolyte interface to reduce carrier losses is critically important for improving the photovoltaic performance of the solar cell. Atomic layer deposition (ALD), which uses high purity gas precursors that can rapidly diffuse through the porous network, was used to grow a conformal and controllable aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and hafnium oxide (HfO2) ultra thin layer on the TiO2 surface. The effects of this interfacial treatment on the DSSC performance was studied with dark and illuminated current-voltage and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements.
Photoconductivity Measurements of Organic Polymer/Nanostructure Blends
Authors: Black David , Paul Shashi
Published: October 2010

In an attempt to produce low cost and high quality polymer/nanoparticle blends for use in hybrid organic/inorganic photovoltaic devices we prepared blends of dihexylsexithiophene and tetragonal barium titanate particles. These polymer nanoparticle blends were deposited as films by spin coating and sublimation. The films were characterised and compared using a wide range of techniques; The electrical photoconductivity analysis of these structures carried out using an HP4140B picoammeter and a solar simulator after aluminium gap cell electrodes had been deposited on the films by sublimation, spectroscopic studies (FTIR and UV-VIS) were carried out to understand the photoconductivity measurements and ellipsometry was used to determine the thickness of the films. The photoconductivity of the spin coated films was the highest reaching 8.5x 10-10A at 20 V, the sublimed films reached ~4 x 10-10A at 40V. This is thought to be due to the thinness of the sublimed films combined with the inhomogeneous distribution of nanoparticles compared with the spin coated film. Sublimed films have been shown by others to be better structured than spin coated films, if this property can be utilized with further optimization of the sublimation process then this technique offers the potential to produce very thin high quality films for use in organic and hybrid photovoltaic devices.
Impacts of ZnO/TiO2 Assorted Electrode on Photoelectric Characteristics of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Xu , Yin Haiyou , Wang Bao , Liu Lifeng , Wang Yi , Kang Jinfeng
Published: October 2010

A novel ZnO/TiO2 assorted photoelectrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is proposed. The impacts of the ZnO/TiO2 assorted photoelectrode on the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were investigated. The measurements of the light transmission spectra showed the higher transmittance through ZnO/FTO than through FTO during the effective wavelength region of 536nm˜800nm for DSSCs, indicating that ZnO/TiO2 assorted photoelectrode is beneficial for the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs. The measurements on the photovoltaic characteristics of the DSSC cell indicate that the inserted ZnO layer can cause the increased open circuit voltage (Voc) more than 70 mV and fill factor (FF) but the decreased short circuit current. The enhanced Voc and FF could be attributed to the suppressed the recombination of photon-generated carriers between the ZnO/TiO2 assorted photoelectrode and electrolyte (dye) compared to TiO2 photoelectrode. However, the additional series resistance of inserted ZnO layer causes the reduced short circuit current. The optimized conversion efficiency can be achieved in the DSSC with ZnO/TiO2 assorted photoelectrode by using low series resistance of ZnO layer.
Using Bulk Heterojunction Field Effect Measurements to Understand Charge Transport in Solar Cell Materials
Authors: Lombardo Christopher , Dodabalapur Ananth
Published: October 2010

Ambipolar organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) have been used to study the transport of charge carriers in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic devices. Active layers of phase separated blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), have been chosen due to their use in performance BHJ organic photovoltaic devices as well as ease of device fabrication. A method for determining recombination rate after exciton dissociation and measurement of excess carrier lifetime has been reported by studying drain current behavior which yields carrier mobility, conductivity, and carrier concentration both in dark and AM1.5g illumination. Channel-length dependent measurements of the photocurrent show that significant recombination of separated charge carriers begins to occur at lengths greater than 10 μm. A recombination rate of cm-3 s-1 and a carrier lifetime of ≥ 8.8 ms has been calculated.
Interfacial Dynamics of Perylene Derivatives Attached to Metal Oxide Particle and Nanorod Films
Authors: Eichberger Rainer , Schütz Robert , Neubauer Antje , Hannappel Thomas , Bartelt Andreas
Published: October 2010

Photo-induced electron transfer and recombination was investigated for prototype molecular absorbers covalently bound to metal-oxide films. Two perylene derivatives with different anchor/bridge groups, a propionic and an acrylic acid, were adsorbed on both bare ZnO nanorods and TiO2 coated nanorods and the dynamics of the systems compared.
Controlled Stepwise Growth of Siloxane Chains Using Bivalent Building Units With Different Functionalities
Authors: Salingue Nils , Lingenfelser Dominic , Prunici Pavel , Peter Hess
Published: October 2010

Organic/inorganic hybrids of silicon and their subsequent chemical modification are of interest for tailoring and structuring surfaces on the nanoscale. The formation of monolayers on hydroxylated silicon surfaces was employed to synthesize molecular dimethylsiloxane chains by wet-chemical condensation reactions, using dimethylmonochlorosilane as the precursor. The SiH group of the resulting dimethylsilyl termination could be selectively oxidized to the SiOH group, which opened the possibility of bonding another species. By repeating the condensation and oxidation cycle the stepwise growth of one-dimensional dimethylsiloxane chains was achieved. The ongoing chain growth was characterized by attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and determination of the surface energy by contact-angle experiments.
Uterine rupture: a revisit
Authors: Manoharan Madhavi , Wuntakal Rekha , Erskine Katrina
Published: October 2010

Key content

Uterine rupture is an uncommon complication of pregnancy associated with potentially catastrophic consequences for both mother and baby.

Previous uterine surgery is the most common underlying cause; however, multiparous women without uterine scarring are also at risk if labour becomes obstructed.

A review of CEMACH reports has shown a consistent decrease in maternal mortality secondary to uterine rupture despite increasing caesarean section rates.

The risk of uterine rupture during attempted vaginal birth after caesarean section is widely recognised; however, there needs to be greater awareness of this emergency occurring in multiparous women undergoing induction/augmentation of labour.

Learning objectives

To define uterine rupture.

To examine the causes and risk factors for antepartum and intrapartum uterine rupture.

To review the signs and symptoms.

To revise the management of uterine rupture.

To increase awareness of this very serious complication and to suggest how clinicians can make a case‐based individual assessment of uterine rupture risk.

Ethical issues

Are those women at risk of uterine rupture adequately counselled about the possibility and potential consequences?

Please cite this article as: Manoharan M, Wuntakal R, Erskine K. Uterine rupture: a revisit The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:223–230.
Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Authors: Rymer Janice , Wylie Kevan , Barnes Tricia , Mander Anthony , Buckler Helen , Dean John
Published: October 2010

Key content

Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is the persistent or recurrent deficiency and/or absence of sexual thought/fantasies and/or receptivity to sexual activity, which causes distress or interpersonal difficulties.

Sexual desire is a complex issue involving physical drive and motivation; the latter is influenced by previous experiences and the quality and duration of the relationship.

HSDD frequently occurs in women who have had oophorectomy because a significant source of their testosterone has been removed. They may respond to androgen replacement therapy.

Learning objectives

To raise awareness of the effect that oophorectomy can have on sexual function.

To acknowledge that sexual function is complex and involves biological, psychological, relationship and socio‐cultural factors.

Ethical issues

Should clinicians raise the subject of sexual problems more routinely?

Is the treatment of sexual dysfunction an appropriate use of health service resources?

Can the pharmacological treatment of HSDD lead to the medicalisation of female sexuality?

Please cite this article as: Rymer J, Wylie K, Barnes T, Mander A, Buckler H, Dean J. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:237–243.
Management of large‐for‐gestational‐age pregnancy in non‐diabetic women
Authors: Aye San San , Miller Veronica , Saxena Saloni , Farhan Dr Mohamad
Published: October 2010

Key content

Over the last two to three decades there has been a 15–25% increase in many countries in the number of women giving birth to large infants.

Rates of shoulder dystocia and caesarean birth rise substantially at 4000 g and again at 4500 g.

There is an increase in maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with fetal macrosomia.

Serial measurement of fundal height adjusted for maternal physiological variables substantially improves antenatal detection.

Sonographic assessment of fetal weight is frequently inaccurate.

Induction of labour for suspected macrosomia in non‐diabetic women has not been shown to reduce the risk of caesarean section, instrumental delivery or perinatal morbidity.

Learning objectives

To identify the risks associated with fetal macrosomia and to be aware of the long‐term implications.

To understand the limitations of predictive tools.

To be able to take an informed approach to managing the macrosomic fetus.

Ethical issues

To what extent should the fear of medico‐legal action influence obstetricians' management of suspected fetal macrosomia?

What advice should clinicians give women regarding modes of delivery?

Please cite this article as: Aye SS, Miller V, Saxena S, Farhan M. Management of large‐for‐gestational‐age pregnancy in non‐diabetic women. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:250–256.
Instrumental delivery: how to meet the need for improvements in training
Authors: Sinha Prabha , Dutta Anita , Langford Kate
Published: October 2010

Key content

Rates of second‐stage caesarean section are increasing, while rates of successful instrumental delivery are decreasing.

Recent attempts at reducing caesarean section rates have highlighted a need for further training in instrumental delivery.

A reduction in training hours, lack of senior supervision and fear of litigation have made it difficult to achieve the level of experience required for proficiency.

Learning objectives

To learn how to conduct an instrumental vaginal delivery safely.

To prevent excessive morbidity by identifying maternal and fetal factors associated with failed instrumental vaginal delivery.

To maximise expertise by training on simulators and mannequins prior to clinical application.

Ethical issues

Does training on models and simulators provide a safe level of expertise and competence?

Is 24‐hour consultant cover on the labour ward a practical solution to improving the use of this technique in practice?

Please cite this article as: Sinha P, Dutta A, Langford K. Instrumental delivery: how to meet the need for improvements in training. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:265–271.
Epidemiologia dos acidentes cerebrovasculares em Joinville, Brasil: estudo institucional
Authors: Cabral Norberto L. , Longo Alexandre L. , Moro Carla H. C. , Amaral Cláudio H. , Kiss Haydee C.
Published: October 2010

A carência de dados epidemiológicos e a impressão prévia de elevada incidência de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) no Brasil criou o estímulo para estudo institucional prospectivo em Joinville. No período de 1-março-1995 a 1-março-1996, avaliamos o primeiro episódio e episódios recorrentes em AVC, incidência, mortalidade, taxa de fatalidade-caso em 30 dias (letalidade), freqüência de fatores de risco, tempo para admissão hospitalar e distribuição dos infartos cerebrais por subtipos patológicos. Registramos 429 pacientes no período, 320 destes com primeiro episódio. Tomografia de crânio foi realizada em 98% dos casos. A taxa de incidência anual ajustada por idade em primeiro episódio de AVC foi de 156/100000. A distribuição por diagnóstico foi: 73,4% para infarto cerebral, 18.4% para hemorragia cerebral e 7,5% para hemorragia subaracnóide. A taxa de mortalidade anual padronizada foi 25/100000. A letalidade foi 26%. Hipertensão, AVC prévio e diabetes foram os fatores de risco mais freqüentes. Somente 25% dos pacientes chegaram ao hospital nas primeiras três horas iniciais. Concluímos que a taxa de incidência em primeiro episódio de AVC em pacientes institucionalizados em Joinville, Brasil, é elevada. A taxa de mortalidade e letalidade são similares as de outras populações.
Validação de questionário para diagnóstico de cefaléia em ambulatório de hospital universitário
Authors: Benseñor Isabela J. M. , Lotufo Paulo A. , Pereira Alexandre C. , Tannuri Anna Cristina A. , Issa Flávia K. K. , Akashi Daniela , Fucciolo Daniele Q. , Kakuda Everton Y. S. , Kanashiro Hideki , Lobato Maurício L. , Titan Sílvia M. O. , Galvão Tatiana F. G. , Martins Milton de Arruda
Published: October 2010

A cefaléia é sintoma de alta prevalência na população, sendo queixa freqüente na prática clínica. Cursa geralmente com exame físico geral e neurológico normais. A triagem de pacientes com cefaléia facilitaria o atendimento em centros médicos não especializados. No presente estudo utilizou-se um questionário baseado nos critérios da Sociedade Internacional de Cefaléias modificado pelos autores em 204 pacientes de ambulatório do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP. Metade destes pacientes foi submetida a consulta clínica. Os resultados do questionário foram então comparados com os resultados da consulta clínica (padrão-ouro). As cefaléias encontradas eram primárias (89,6%) na sua maioria. O questionário demonstrou sensibilidade de 90,2% para detecção das enxaquecas e especificidade de 57,9%, com coeficiente de comparação (kappa) de 0,47, e valor preditivo positivo (VPP) de 65,7% e um valor preditivo negativo (VPN) de 86,8 . A sensibilidade para detecção de cefaléia do tipotensional foi 60,8% e a especificidade foi 87,1% comkappa de 0,49, e VPP de 77,8% e VPN de 75,9. Concluímos que esse questionário pode ser utilizado como um método de triagem para o diagnóstico de cefaléias, podendo ser aplicado por pessoal não médico. Futuramente, ele poderá ser utilizado em estudos populacionais.
Dor, depressão e conceitos culturais
Authors: Pimenta Cibele Andrucioli de Mattos , Koizumi Maria Sumie , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen
Published: October 2010

A influência de fatores pessoais, culturais e afetivos e das caracterísrticas das neoplasias na ocorrência e expressão do sintoma álgico de 92 doentes com doença oncológica avançada foi avaliada através de escalas e inventários adaptados para a língua portuguesa. Havia dor, em geral moderada ou intensa, durante a semana anterior à entrevista em 62,0% dos casos. A duração média do quadro álgico foi 10 meses. Havia maior proporção de doentes com neoplasia do segmento cabeça e pescoço no grupo com dor, do que sem dor. Concepções culturais errôneas sobre o controle da dor no câncer e de que doentes recebiam remédios em demasia se correlacionaram à dor de maior intensidade (p<0,05). Os indivíduos com dor apresentaram escores de depressão significativamente mais elevados (p<0,05). Doentes com mais altos escores de depressão tiveram experiência dor de maior intensidade (p<0,05).
Surgical treatment of premature sagittal synostosis
Authors: Pianetti Geraldo
Published: October 2010

A series of 50 consecutive children with premature sagittal synostosis is reported. All were treated surgically; 43 were male, 47 were leukodermic and two are siblings. In the pre-operative examination, the head shape, skull measurements and radiologic findings were evaluated; 38 children were operated on before six months of age and 12 of them, between six and 12 months of age. The surgical technique used was a wide biparietal craniectomy. Blood transfusions were occasional, being necessary for only six (12%) children. The children were admitted at the day of surgery and discharged between the second and the third post-operative day. No local or general complications were observed and no one died. The aesthetic result was considered good. The altered skull measurements before surgery reached normalization as far as the end of the first year after the treatment. It may be concluded that wide biparietal craniectomy is a procedure of great effectiveness in the treatment of the premature fusion of the sagittal suture.
Tratamento cirúrgico das patologias vasculares cerebrais nos pacientes epilépticos
Authors: Rassi-Neto Aziz , Ribeiro Paulo R. Jubé , Prates Marcello Americano , Muszkat Mauro , Campos Carlos José Reis de , Ferraz Fernando A. P.
Published: October 2010

A cirurgia das malformações arteriovenosas (MAV) e dos cavernomas (angioma cavernoso) na maioria das vezes é indicada após episódios de sangramento. Com o desenvolvimento das técnicas de diagnóstico e cirúrgicas na epilepsia de difícil controle, passou a ser cada vez maior a indicação cirúrgica destas lesões vasculares. Apresentamos nove pacientes com lesões vasculares cerebrais e crises muito frequentes, apesar do tratamento clínico adequado. A faixa etária variou de 12 a 42 anos de idade, com média de 25 anos; houve prevalência no sexo masculino (2:1). A cirurgia consistiu na exérese da lesão em todos os casos. Em quatro casos houve também ressecção da área irritativa perilesional, que foi demostrada pela eletrocorticografia. O estudo anatomopatológico das lesões mostrou cinco casos de cavernoma, três de MAV e um de angioma venoso. Quanto à localização, observamos três lesões no lobo temporal, quatro no frontal e duas na região parietal. O acompanhamento ambulatorial mostrou redução das crises em todos os pacientes, sendo que sete evoluíram sem crises após a cirurgia.
Hemorragia subaracnoídea com tomografia de crânio sem sinais de sangramento
Authors: Francisco Silvio , Reis-Filho João Baptista dos , Neves Afonso Carlos
Published: October 2010

Foram observados 23 casos de pacientes com suspeita clínica de hemorragia subaracnoídea (HSA), com tomografia de crânio (CT) sem sinais de sangramento, com diagnóstico definitivo realizado por exame de líquido cefalorraquiano(LCR). Desses, 20 casos foram submetidos a angiografia cerebral. Estabeleceu-se a classificação clínica de Hunt & Hess. Os principais achados neste estudo foram:1) um terço dos pacientes apresentou intervalo de tempo entre o ictus e a realização da CT e do LCR entre 24 e 48 horas, período de maior sensiblidade da CT; 2) dos pacientes estudados com angiografia cerebral, 55% tiveram o diagnóstico de aneurisma com predomínio no território de carótida e cerebral anterior; 3) o grau clínico dominante foi Hunt & Hess I e II. Todos os achados encontrados demonstraram a necessidade da realização de LCR em suspeita de HSA sem sinais de sangramento na CT.
Fibrinolytic and factor XIII activity in subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Pliego Luis A. , Muchnik Salomon
Published: October 2010

The balance between fibrinolytic activity and coagulation mechanisms seems to play an important role in the rebleeding of a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to aneurysmatic rupture. In the present paper we describe our findings in a group of patients (n10) with S AH. The plasmatic levels of fibrinogen and their degradation products (FDP), APTT, prothrombin activity and factor XIII were determined within 72 hours of initial bleeding, or of eventual rebleeding. Factor XIII activity in the first bleeding was 82.1 ±4%, while the levels of FDP were 3.8±lmg/ml. In patients presenting rebleeding (n4), Factor XIII activity was 67.3±4.5% the day it manifested, which is significantly less than the values previously observed (p<0.01), while the FDP level was 4.1±2mg/ml. The decrease of factor XIII activity suggests an important role as regards clot stability in rupture location. It is also possible to attribute a rebleeding predictive value to its activity reduction.
Narcolepsy and depression
Authors: Adda Carla , Lefèvre Beatriz , Reimão Rubens
Published: October 2010

Narcolepsy main symptoms include excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. Its chronic course is accompanied by psychosocial impairment added to the difficulties and side effects of stimulants and tricyclics long term use. Depressive complaints are occasionally reported. The aim of this paper was to evaluate objectively the possibility of depression in a sample of 12 narcoleptics (7F;5 M), with mean age of 53 years (12 years SD), using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). The results showed absence of depressive disorder in 75.0% of the cases according to BDI (or 58.3% according to HAM-D). The remaining patients had mild depression (only one patient presented major depression). The findings showed no correlation between narcolepsy and major depression.
Meningeomas: aspectos histopatológicos e recidiva
Authors: Hilbig Arlete , Barbosa-Coutinho Lígia Maria
Published: October 2010

Os autores realizaram a avaliação de 246 casos de meningeomas que foram classificados como típico, atípico, anaplásico e papilar segundo critérios previamente definidos. Entre os critérios utilizados para definição de tumores não típicos, a invasão do sistema nervoso central predominou com 62,3% dos casos. Os meningeomas foram típicos em 75,22% dos casos, atípicos em 19,1%, anaplásicos em 5,68%. Houve recidiva em 3,78% dos meningeomas típicos, em 42,55% dos atípicos e 45,45% dos anaplásicos. Os autores concluem que os critérios utilizados para definição de típicos e não típicos foram adequados para predizer maior chance de recidiva tumoral.
Effects of epidermal growth factor on the [3H]-thymidine uptake in the SK-N-SH and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell lines
Authors: Motta Luiz Augusto Casulari Roxo da , Galli Paola , Piva Flavio , Maggi Roberto
Published: October 2010

The studies on the factors that regulate the biology of the neuroblastoma cell lines may offer important information on the development of tissues and organs that derive from the neural crest. In the present paper we study the action of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on two human neuroblastoma cell lines: SK-N-SH which is composed at least of two cellular phenotypes (neuroblastic and melanocytic/glial cells), and its pure neuroblastic subclone SH-SY5Y. The results show that EGF (10 ng/ml) significantly stimulates the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine in the SK-N-SH cells only in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) (control = 58285 ± 9327 cpm; EGF =75523 ± 4457; p<0.05). Such effect is not observed in the presence of a chemical defined medium, that is, in the absence of FBS (control = 100997 ± 4375; EGF = 95268 ± 4683; NS). In the SH-SY5Y cells the EGF does not modify the incorporation of [3H]thymidine either in the presence of 10% of BFS (control = 113838 ± 6978; EGF = 119434 ± 9441; NS) or in its absence (control = 46197 ± 3335; EGF = 44472 ± 3493; NS). The results here reported suggest that: a) EGF may affect the proliferation of cells derived from a primary human neuroblastoma; b) this is evident by the EGF-induced increase of [3H]-thymidine incorporation in SK-N-SH cells; c) it is required the presence of other growth factors, present in the FBS, for the mitogenic action to be accomplished; d) since the pure neuroblastic SH-SY5Y cell line are refractory to the EGF, the effects observed in SK-N-SH cells probably occur on the melanocytic/glial cell subpopulation.
Neuron number in the myenteric plexus of the ascending colon of rats: a comparative study using two staining techniques
Authors: Sant'ana Débora M. G. , Miranda-Neto Marcílio H. , Molinari Sonia L. , Sant'anna Marco Antônio
Published: October 2010

We carried out this study with the purpose of comparing the neuronal density in antimesocolic and intermediate regions of the colon of rats. We used the ascending colon of ten seven-months old Wistar rats. With the Giemsa method we found 29046 neurons/cm² on the antimesocolic region and 30968 neurons/cm² on the intermediate regions. With the NADH-diaphorase technique 12308 neurons/cm² on the antimesocolic regions and 8798 neurons/cm² on the intermediate regions were evidenced. The number of NADH-diaphorase positive neurons is significantly less than the number of Giemsa-stained neurons, and that this difference is enhanced on the intermediate regions of the intestinal circumference. Therefore, to compare the number of neurons of an intestinal segment of a same species at the same age, it is necessary to take into consideration the technique employed and the region of the intestinal circumference from where the sample was obtained.
Meningioma secretório: relato de dois casos
Authors: Stávale João Norberto , Malheiros Suzana Maria Fleury , Gabbai Alberto Alain
Published: October 2010

Foram estudados dois meningiomas meningoteliais obtidos em cirurgia com inclusões hialinas ou corpos pseudopsamomas. Ambos mostraram expressão de antígeno carcinoembriônico e citoqueratina em células circundando corpos hialinos. Havia difusa imunoexpressão de vimentina e antígeno epitelial de membrana exceto nas células com inclusões hialinas. Ambos se acompanhavam de intenso edema cerebral. Um dos casos apresentava tumores múltiplos, provavelmente meningiomas. É importante não interpretar esta variante de meningioma como neoplasia metastática, o que pode resultar em tratamento paliativo de um tumor potencialmente curável.
Procedimentos neurocirúrgicos e avaliação neuropsicológica: relato de caso
Authors: Mattos Paulo , Araújo Alexandra Pruffer de Q. C.
Published: October 2010

Os autores apresentam os resultados da avaliação neuropsicológica pré e pós-cirúrgica de um menino com epilepsia refratária secundária a tumor cerebral. Os deficits cognitivos revelados eram sutis e insuspeitos ao exame regular, havendo também poucas queixas clínicas associadas. São feitas correlações entre os achados neuropsicológicos e neuroanatômicos e são comentadas as melhoras secundárias à intervenção neurocirúrgica. Ressalta-se a importância dos testes neuropsicológicos no contexto dos procedimentos neurocirúrgicos.
Discrepancy, coincidence or evidence in chronic idiopathic spastic paraparesis throughout the world: a meta-analysis on 2811 patients
Authors: Leon-S Fidias E. , Costa Carlos Mauricio de Castro , Gaffga Nicholas
Published: October 2010

HTLV-I has been associated with a chronic idiopatic spastic paraparesis (CHISPA) in man; however, a complete understanding of this association is still debated. We selected the most comprehensible papers on this topic between 1985 and 1996, and found that 1261 out of 2811 patients (44.9%) reported, throughout the world, were HTLV-I positive. The mean age was 39.5 years and there was a female predominance of 1.9:1. These results do not exclude the causality of HTLV-I as a germen associated to CHISPA; however, other causes (e.g., toxic, immunosuppressors) must be considered as participating in the multistep neurodegeneration observed in CHISPA throughout the world.
Propranolol vs flunarizine vs flunarizine plus propranolol in migraine without aura prophylaxis. a double-blind trial
Authors: Bordini Carlos Alberto , Arruda Marco Antônio , Ciciarelli Marcelo Cedrinho , Speciali José Geraldo
Published: October 2010

Fourty-five migraine without aura patients underwent a parallel double-blind trial aiming the comparison of the effects of propranolol 60 mg/day to flunarizine 10 mg/day and to propranolol 60 mg/day plus flunarizine 10 mg/day simultaneously. There were 3 groups, each one with 15 patients. After a 20-day-baseline period, each group received one kind of treatment during 120 days. Migraine index on propranolol was 23.4*. on flunarizine 18.7* and on both drugs 14.4*, mean frequency of attacks on propranolol was 1.26**, on flunarizine 1.2** and on both drugs 1.13** (*p<0.05, ** p < 0.01 compared to baseline) and global evaluation was reduced with all forms of treatment. It was not found statistical differences between groups, nevertheless there was a trend in the group using two drugs reaching lower values in migraine index, frequency of attacks and global evaluation. In individuals using flunarizine (alone or associated with propranolol) the therapeutic effect was largely maintained up to 45 days after drug withdrawal.
Ectasia da artéria basilar e acidente vascular cerebral: aspectos clínicos de 21 casos
Authors: Oliveira Roberto de Magalhães Carneiro de , Cardeal José Osmar , Lima José Geraldo de Camargo
Published: October 2010

A ectasia da artéria basilar (EB) é a dilatação do calibre em toda ou parte de sua extensão, e/ou quando for anormalmente tortuosa em seu trajeto. As manifestações clínicas são decorrentes de compressão de nervos cranianos, fenômeno isquêmico ou hemorrágico, síndrome de pseudo-tumor ou hidrocefalia. Procuramos descrever casos da associação de EB e acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), analisar sua frequência, aspectos clínicos e os mecanismos envolvidos nas diferentes formas de apresentação clínica desta entidade. Encontramos 21 pacientes com AVC e EB. A associação de EB e AVC foi prevalente em indivíduos do sexo masculino após 50 anos. Os principais sintomas observados foram hemiparesia, alteração de nervos cranianos e ataxia cerebelar. Na instalação do AVC foram importantes as tonturas rotatórias e a cefaléia. Os infartos relacionados à EB puderam ser atribuídos a diferentes mecanismos: trombose da artéria, embolia artério-arterial, efeito de massa com angulação e obstrução de ramos das artérias vertebrais e basilar.
Variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais para o diagnóstico diferencial entre meningites asséptica e piogênica em crianças
Authors: Lucena Rita , Gomes Irênio , Melo Ailton
Published: October 2010

Foram estudadas informações obtidas do prontuário de 573 crianças com idade entre 1 mês e 15 anos e diagnóstico de meningite, internadas no Hospital Couto Maia, na cidade de Salvador-Bahia, no período de janeiro-1990 a dezembro-1992. Crises epilépticas, diminuição do nível de consciência e rigidez de nuca foram mais frequentes no grupo com meningite bacteriana. Glicorraquia menor que 45 mg/dL, proteinorraquia igual ou superior a 140 mg/dL e celularidade liquórica superior a 600 cels/mm³ mostraram-se preditores de meningite piogênica. A análise da curva ROC foi utilizada para estabelecer o melhor ponto de corte nas medidas liquóricas de celularidade, proteínas e glicose capaz de predizer meningite bacteriana. Os resultados encontrados enfatizam que informações clínicas, obtidas com a anamnese e o exame neurológico, e liquóricas simples, definidas pelos níveis de proteína, glicose e análise da celularidade, podem ser utilizadas como medidas de grande acurácia para diferenciar meningite piogênica de asséptica em crianças.
Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: neurological involvement
Authors: Schmutzler Katia M.R.S. , Vilanova Luiz Celso P. , Lima José Geraldo C. , Hilário Maria Odete , Naspitz Charles K.
Published: October 2010

With the purpose of analyzing the neurological involvement due to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we evaluated 17 female patients who were seen regularly at the hospital and had been diagnosed as having SLE according to classification criteria proposed by the American College of Rheumatology revised in 1982, before the age of 16. Neurological involvement was detected in 12 patients (71%): headache (35%), extrapyramidal syndrome (35%), epileptic syndrome (24%) pyramidal syndrome (24%), peripheral neuropathy (12%) and optic neuritis (6%). The findings of CT scan (58%) and cerebrospinal fluid (50%) were most closely correlated to clinical neurological involvement.
Importância do camundongo mdx na fisiopatologia da distrofia muscular de Duchenne
Authors: Seixas Sandra Lopes , Lagrota-Cândido Jussara , Savino Wilson , Quirico-Santos Thereza
Published: October 2010

O camundongo mdx desenvolve distrofia muscular recessiva ligada ao cromossoma X (locus Xp21.1) e não expressa distrofina. Embora não apresente intensa fibrose do tecido muscular e acúmulo de tecido adiposo, é considerado o modelo animal mais adequado da distrofia muscular de Duchenne. As alterações estruturais no tecido muscular associadas à mionecrose e presença do infiltrado inflamatório com predomínio de linfócitos e monócitos/macrófagos sugerem uma participação do sistema imunológico nesta miopatia. Além disso a modulação na expressão dos componentes da matriz extracelular no microambiente muscular nas várias fases da doença (início, mionecrose, regeneração) indicam um papel importante do conjuntivo no direcionamento das células inflamatórias para o foco da lesão muscular. O camundongo mdx coloca-se como um excelente modelo para o estudo dos mecanismos patogenéticos da mionecrose e regeneração na distrofia muscular de Duchenne, possibilitando inclusive o desenvolvimento de estratégias terapêuticas mais adequadas.