bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS STRUKTUR RETORIKA DAN FITUR LINGUISTIK BAGIAN PENDAHULUAN ARTIKEL JURNAL PENELITIAN BERBAHASA INDONESIA DALAM BIDANG ILMU KEDOKTERAN DAN KESEHATAN
Authors: Sepni Lexpya
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to describe the structure of the rhetoric of the introductory part of the research journal articles in Indonesian language. Linguistic features the introduction Indonesian language research journal articles in the field of medical science and health. This research uses descriptive method. Source of this research are 50 articles while the data in the form of research journal articles in the field of medical science and health. Data collection techniques are documents such as speech writer in the text of the discourse, data analysis techniques to read and memberian code of the article, the findings of this study analyzed the structure of rhetoric uses the theory of MMP which consists of 4 stages and 18 steps, while the feature linguistics is defined as the use of the type or variety text associated with active and passive sentences, types of clauses, conjunctions / circuit. The research result rhetorical structure analysis introductory part AJP in the field of medicine and health, such as the use of the stages and steps are found or used in a rhetorical structure AJP field of medical science and health with the result that most of the stages of T-2 to justify the research topic. While the use measures in stages in the field of medicine and health: (1) step T2-LC merefiu related literature, (2) a step T1-LD describe lok ation of geographic research, (3) a step T4-LA explain the purpose of the study, which the last (fourth) step T3-LD expressed interested in examining the issue. Furthermore, linguistic features found in the introductory part of AJP in the field of medical science and health, among others: (1) active and passive sentences, (2) coordination, (3) the subordinate attributes.
PENGGUNAAN KALIMAT EFEKTIF LAPORAN PRAKTIK KERJA INDUSTRI SISWA KELAS XI SMK NEGERI 2 CURUP TIMUR
Authors: Rini Dian Sistia
Published: August 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan kalimat efektif laporan praktik kerja industri kelas XI SMK Negeri 2 Curup Timur. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah ketertarikan peneliti terhadap laporan praktik kerja industri. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Data penelitian ini berupa ujaran tulis siswa ketika menulis laporan praktik kerja industri siswa. Sumber data berupa bagian pendahuluan laporan praktik kerja industri. Teknik analisis data dianalisis dengan membaca laporan siswa, mengidentifikasi, memberi nomor, verifikasi, dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian laporan praktik kerja industri siswa yang diteliti terdapat 64 buah penyimpangan kalimat efektif. aspek ketepatan yakni 28 buah data, kelogisan 18 buah data, kepaduan 8 buah data, kehematan 7 buah data, dan kesatuan 1 buah data. Data tersebut memperlihatkan bahwa laporan praktik kerja industri siswa, masalah kalimat efektif belum seluruhnya diterapkan dengan benar di laporan praktik kerja industri siswa.
ANALISIS NILAI – NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM FILM UPIN DAN IPIN PRODUKSI LES COPAQUE TAHUN 2010
Authors: Purnomo Fazrul Sandi
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study to determine the values of character education in the film of Upin and Ipin production Les' Copaque in 2010. This research uses descriptive method. The data in this research is the dialogue in the film of Upin and Ipin production in 2010 that contains the value of character education. Based on the analysis found values contained in the film of Upin and Ipin production Les' Copaque in 2010 is religious, honest, tolerance, discipline, hard work, creative, curiosity, appreciate the achievements, friendly, social care / care about others, responsibility, brave, cooperation, mutual help, wisdom, respect for all life forms and environment that care of each other, respect for others / public politeness, and self-respect. There is value that  specially  treated is patriotism because it involves nationalism. Upin and Ipin Film production of Les Copaque in 2010 containing values of character education.
Telaah Makna Gramatis dan Psikologis dalam Syair Abdul Muluk Karya Raja Ali Haji
Authors: Hadiwijaya Hadiwijaya , Sarwono Sarwit , Yulistio Didi
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to describe the meanings obtained from the results of grammatical interpretation and psychological interpretation of the author towards Syair Abdul Muluk by Ali Haji using Schleiermacher Hermeneutics. The research approach uses a qualitative approach with the hermeneutic method. The data collection technique uses documentation techniques in the form of Syair Abdul Muluk text by Ali Haji. The data analysis technique is done by reading poetry, identifying each event, interpreting the meaning, analyzing the relationships between the elements of poetry, and concluding meaning. Based on the from the research shows that the meaning contained in Syair Abdul Muluk by Ali Haji is that women can play a role like men in maintaining loyalty and achieving goals. Women can also be powerful even though they must condition themselves outside their nature as women. For Raja Ali Haji in the perspective of national culture and society, religion is a binding knot for various social levels in fostering culture.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PENCAPAIAN KONSEP BERORIENTASI PADA KECERDASAN LINGUISTIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN TEKS EKSPOSISI DI SMP/MTS
Authors: Rozak Abdul , Tarsono Tarsono
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini mengenai pengembangan model pencapaian konsep berorientasi pada kecerdasan linguistik dalam pembelajaran teks eksposisi di SMP/MTs. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan rancangan model pencapaian konsep berorientasi pada kecerdasan linguistik dalam pembelajaran teks eksposisi di SMP/MTs, mendeskripsikan implementasi model pencapaian konsep berorientasi pada kecerdasan linguistik dalam pembelajaran teks eksposisi di SMP/MTs, mendeskripsikan profil kemampuan menulis teks eksposisi siswa, dan mendeskripsikan  efektivitas model pencapaian konsep berorientasi pada kecerdasan linguistik dalam pembelajaran teks eksposisi di SMP/MTs. Pengembangan dilakukan melalui studi pendahuluan (studi kepustakaan, survai lapangan, dan penyusunan produk awal), pengembangan model (analisis, desain, pengembangan, implementasi, penilaian), dan uji coba model kepada kelas eksperimen. Produk penelitian ini berupa rancangan model pencapaian konsep berorientasi pada kecerdasan linguistik. Produk divalidasi ahli model pembelajaran serta diuji terbatas pada siswa kelas VIII MTs Negeri Widasari Indramayu. Pengembangan model pembelajaran pencapaian konsep berorientasi pada kecerdasan linguistik dalam pembelajaran menulis teks eksposisi, didasarkan pada kajian yuridis, kajian empiris dan kajian teoretis. Sintaks dari model ini terdiri dari 5 tahap, yaitu : (1) strategi diskusi (memahami teks eksposisi); (2) penyajian data dan identifikasi konsep; (3) pengujian pencapaian konsep; (4) strategi wawancara, menulis informasi, mengunjungi perpustakaan dan internet, serta menulis laporan (menulis teks eksposisi); dan (5) analisis strategi-strategi berpikir.  Uji coba pada  siswa dengan model pencapaian konsep berorientasi pada kecerdasan linguistik dalam pembelajaran teks eksposisi membuktikan bahwa kemampuan siswa mengalami peningkatan sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran yang dikembangkan  efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran teks eksposisi.
Skeletal System Problems in Anthropology, Archaeology and Art History Professionals
Authors: Aytek Ahmet İhsan
Published: August 2019

Anatolia has been settled by numerous civilizations and many excavations uncover the traces of these civilizations. Excavation is a hard labor and some part of this hard work are performed by anthropologists, archaeologists and art historians. This can affect the skeletal systems of the workers after a long period of labor in excavations. In order to see wheteher physical activity has an effect, a survey was designed. The aim of the study is to reveal the most common skeletal system problems and their reasons in these professionals. A 20-questions-survey was applied to 303 academicians and museum staff who actively attend archaeological and paleontological excavations. The Google Forms application was used to apply the survey and its automatic statistic program yields the descriptive statistics for the research. The results reveal that working in excavation conditions cause effective skeletal system problems, especially in vertebral bones. 208 of 303 participants declare vertebra related problems, whereas 71 of them were diagnosed with herniated disc. These problems are seen in the later ages in the field work and therefore can be related with excavation conditions. Working in relatively short excavation periods and with a low budget, anthropologists, archaeologists and art historians have to overwork in little time. This is the major cause of working in unsuitable body postures. Nevertheless, a new strategy of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism plans to extend the excavations for the whole year with more professional workers to provide a chance to reduce skeletal system problems in anthropologists, archaeologists, art historians.
Genetic Identity Based on Whole-Genome SNP Array Data of Weedy Rice in Nagano, Japan
Authors: Bi Wenjing , Sun Jian , Hosoi Jun , Aoki Masaharu , Sakai Nagao , Itani Tomio , Xu Zhengjin , Tominaga Tohru
Published: August 2019

The rice production system in Japan is changing due to the aging of rice farmers, shortage of labor, mechanization, and increase of large-scale rice fields and increased application of direct sowing, all of which contribute to the lack of sophisticated weed management practices. Because the changing production system has not improved and likely worsened weed management practices, weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) has become a serious threat to rice production in Japan. We analyzed weedy rice accessions from Nagano, the central part of Japan, and other rice accessions to elucidate the origin of this weedy rice using a whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. For developing sustainable weedy rice management practices, the elucidation of the origin of re-emerging weedy rice is crucial. Population genetic analysis indicated that weedy rice in Nagano was phylogenetically independent from the local red rice cultivar with low genetic diversity. Past and recently re-emerging weedy rice ecotypes in Nagano shared a similar genetic background which implies the evolution of weedy rice by severe natural selection. Window-based FST and selection sweep analysis revealed the divergence of some of the known key domestication-related genes, such as shattering gene sh4 and qsh1, of weedy rice from domesticated rice cultivars.
Bio-Herbicidal Effects of Oregano and Rosemary Essential Oils on Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Crop in Organic Farming System
Authors: Frabboni Laura , Tarantino Annalisa , Petruzzi Fiorenza , Disciglio Grazia
Published: August 2019

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a well-known medicinal plant species in which the products requested from the market are those that are derived from the organic system. The study was conducted to assess the allelopathic effects, as natural herbicides, of two essential oils extracted from oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and rosemary (Rosmarimum officinalis L.), with the objective of exploring the possibility of their utilization for future weed management. A field experiment was conducted over two seasons, when the infestation of 15 different weed species was detected. Each essential oil was applied at two different concentrations (50% diluted and undiluted), three times during the chamomile crop under an organic farm system. The results demonstrated that the germination of different weed species was affected differently by the type of essential oils and especially by their concentrations. The undiluted oils inhibited most of the germination of several weed species, highlighting a significantly higher percentage of Weed Control Efficiency (WCE) and suggesting the potential to be used as bio-herbicides. Bioherbicidal weed control methods could offer an advantage with respect to hand weeding, particularly from an economic point of view.
Comparison of Phenolic Compounds and the Antioxidant Activities of Fifteen Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. ‘Hangbaiju’ in China
Authors: Gong Jinyan , Chu Bingquan , Gong Lingxiao , Fang Zhongxiang , Zhang Xiaoxu , Qiu Shaoping , Wang Jingjing , Xiang Yali , Xiao Gongnian , Yuan Haina , Zheng Fuping
Published: August 2019

This study investigated the phenolic compounds of 15 Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. ‘Hangbaiju’, including 6 ‘Duoju’ and 9 ‘Taiju’, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant activities of these ‘Hangbaiju’ were estimated by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. Results show that a total of 14 phenolic compounds were detected in these flowers, including 3 mono-caffeoylquinic acids, 3 di-caffeoylquinic acids, 1 phenolic acid and 7 flavonoids. ‘Duoju’ and ‘Taiju’ possess different concentrations of phenolic compounds, and ‘Taiju’ exhibits higher caffeoylquinic acids and stronger antioxidant activities than ‘Duoju’. Caffeoylquinic acids show a strong correlation with the antioxidant activities of the samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals an obvious separation between ‘Duoju’ and ‘Taiju’, using phenolic compounds as variables. Apigenin-7-O-glucoside, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, luteolin and acacetin were found to be the key phenolic compounds to differentiate ‘Duoju’ from ‘Taiju’.
The Influence of the Damage of Mortise-Tenon Joint on the Cyclic Performance of the Traditional Chinese Timber Frame
Authors: Sha Ben , Wang Hao , Li Aiqun
Published: August 2019

In this article, the finite element method is used to build the analytical model of a traditional Chinese timber frame with straight mortise-tenon joints. The analytical model is then subjected to the lateral cyclic loading and verified based on the results of an experiment. Three types of damage in the straight mortise-tenon joint, including the gap between the mortise and tenon, damage in the top and the end of tenon, are proposed and idealized so that the analytical model can be modified accordingly. The hysteresis curve, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity derived from these damaged models with different damage extents are analyzed. The results indicate that the proposed damages of the joints have adverse influences on the lateral behavior of the timber frame. Both stiffness and energy dissipation capacity of the timber frame are weakened by these damages.
Motion Compensation for SAA FMCW Radar Based on Specific Switching Scheme
Authors: Lin Yi , Guo Tiantian , Guo Min , Fu Yunqi
Published: August 2019

Switch antenna array (SAA) frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar has been studied by many researchers due to its low cost and straightforward architecture. However, the motion-induced phase leads to incorrect direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation, which is one of the main obstacles when it is applied to a moving scenario. To address this problem, we propose a motion compensation method based on a specific switching scheme in this paper. The effectiveness of this method is verified by simulation and measurement results. This approach only requires basic signal processing techniques and avoids complex optimization algorithms.
Siliceous Concrete Materials Management for Sustainability Using Fuzzy-TOPSIS Approach
Authors: Falqi Ibrahim I. , Ahmed Mohd , Mallick Javed
Published: August 2019

Concrete manufacturing, a high energy and natural resources demanding process, can play a vital role in sustainable development by offering solutions to environmental and socio-economic issues. Concrete manufactured with siliceous materials can extend concrete life and reduce costs, and judicious management of siliceous utilization can make concrete manufacturing sustainable. A number of industrial and agro-based by-products, waste products, and new engineered materials are being use as siliceous material in concrete. The present research aims to implement the Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach, a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique, for the orderly management of siliceous materials based on sustainable criteria, namely, technical, environmental, social, and economic aspects. The present research adopts twenty indicators of sustainability to evolve a comprehensive model for a sustainability ranking of concrete siliceous materials and to provide siliceous materials management. The present research also provides a methodology for the systematic ranking of sustainable criteria and indicators along with a siliceous materials sustainability order for enhanced sustainable development and management. It can be concluded that the proper material management of siliceous concrete materials, especially nano-engineered materials in construction industry, will help in the conservation of basic concrete materials and environmental protection without direct impact on social development.
Light Extraction Enhancement of InGaN Based Micro Light-Emitting Diodes with Concave-Convex Circular Composite Structure Sidewall
Authors: Tan Lijun , Zhou Quanbin , Hu Wenlong , Wang Hong , Yao Ruohe
Published: August 2019

We demonstrate that the concave-convex circular composite structure sidewall prepared by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching is an effective approach to increase the light efficiency without deteriorating the electrical characteristics for micro light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The saturated light output power of the device using the concave-convex circular composite structure sidewalls with a radius of 2 μm is 39.75 mW, an improvement of 7.2% compared with that of the device using flat sidewalls. The enhanced light output characteristics are primarily attributed to the increased photon emitting due by decreasing the total internal reflection without losing the active region area.
Wintertime Variations of Gaseous Atmospheric Constituents in Bucharest Peri-Urban Area
Authors: Marin Cristina Antonia , Mărmureanu Luminiţa , Radu Cristian , Dandocsi Alexandru , Stan Cristina , Ţoancă Flori , Preda Liliana , Antonescu Bogdan
Published: August 2019

An intensive winter campaign was organized for measuring the surface air pollutants in southeastern Europe. For a three months period, the gas concentrations of NO x , SO 2 , CO, O 3 , and CH 4 as well as meteorological parameters were simultaneously sampled to evaluate the variations and characteristic reactions between the gases during winter at the measuring site. The photochemical production of the ozone was observed through the diurnal variation of ozone and the solar radiation, the maximum concentration for ozone being reached one hour after the maximum value for solar radiation. A non-parametric wind regression method was used to highlight the sources of the air pollutants. The long-range transport of SO 2 and two hotspots for CO from traffic and from residential heating emissions were emphasized. The traffic hotspot situated north of the measuring site, close to the city ring road, is also a hotspot for NO x . The air quality during the cold season was evaluated by comparing the measured gas concentration with the European limits. During the measuring period, the values for NO 2 , CO, and SO 2 concentration were at least two times lower than the European Union pollution limits. Only twice during the study period was the concentration of O 3 higher than the established limits.
A New Monitoring Effort for Asia: The Asia Pacific Mercury Monitoring Network (APMMN)
Authors: Sheu Guey-Rong , Gay David A. , Schmeltz David , Olson Mark , Chang Shuenn-Chin , Lin Da-Wei , Nguyen Ly Sy Phu
Published: August 2019

The Asia Pacific Mercury Monitoring Network (APMMN) cooperatively measures mercury in precipitation in a network of sites operating in Asia and the Western Pacific region. The network addresses significant data gaps in a region where mercury emission estimates are the highest globally, and available measurement data are limited. The reduction of mercury emissions under the Minamata Convention on Mercury also justifies the need for continent-wide and consistent observations that can help determine the magnitude of the problem and assess the efficacy of reductions over time. The APMMN’s primary objectives are to monitor wet deposition and atmospheric concentrations of mercury and assist partners in developing their own monitoring capabilities. Network planning began in 2012 with wet deposition sampling starting in 2014. Currently, eight network sites measure mercury in precipitation following standardized procedures adapted from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program. The network also has a common regional analytical laboratory (Taiwan), and quality assurance and data flagging procedures, which ensure the network makes scientifically valid and consistent measurements. Results from our ongoing analytical and field quality assurance measurements show minimal contamination in the network and accurate analytical analyses. We are continuing to monitor a potential concentration and precipitation volume bias under certain conditions. The average mercury concentration in precipitation was 11.3 (+9.6) ng L−1 for 139 network samples in 2018. Concentrations for individual sites vary widely. Low averages compare to the low concentrations observed on the U.S. West Coast; while other sites have average concentrations similar to the high values reported from many urban areas in China. Future APMMN goals are to (1) foster new network partnerships, (2) continue to collect, quality assure, and distribute results on the APMMN website, (3) provide training and share best monitoring practices, and (4) establish a gaseous concentration network for estimating dry deposition.
Unchain My Blood: Lessons Learned from Self-Assembled Dendrimers as Nanoscale Heparin Binders
Authors: Marson Domenico , Laurini Erik , Aulic Suzana , Fermeglia Maurizio , Pricl Sabrina
Published: August 2019

This review work reports a collection of coupled experimental/computational results taken from our own experience in the field of self-assembled dendrimers for heparin binding. These studies present and discuss both the potentiality played by this hybrid methodology to the design, synthesis, and development of possible protamine replacers for heparin anticoagulant activity reversal in biomedical applications, and the obstacles this field has still to overcome before these molecules can be translated into nanomedicines available in clinical settings.
A Stage-Based Approach to Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Carrarini Claudia , Russo Mirella , Dono Fedele , Di Pietro Martina , Rispoli Marianna G. , Di Stefano Vincenzo , Ferri Laura , Barbone Filomena , Vitale Michela , Thomas Astrid , Sensi Stefano Luca , Onofrj Marco , Bonanni Laura
Published: August 2019

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that features progressive, disabling motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor. Nevertheless, some non-motor symptoms, including depression, REM sleep behavior disorder, and olfactive impairment, are even earlier features of PD. At later stages, apathy, impulse control disorder, neuropsychiatric disturbances, and cognitive impairment can present, and they often become a heavy burden for both patients and caregivers. Indeed, PD increasingly compromises activities of daily life, even though a high variability in clinical presentation can be observed among people affected. Nowadays, symptomatic drugs and non-pharmaceutical treatments represent the best therapeutic options to improve quality of life in PD patients. The aim of the present review is to provide a practical, stage-based guide to pharmacological management of both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. Furthermore, warning about drug side effects, contraindications, as well as dosage and methods of administration, are highlighted here, to help the physician in yielding the best therapeutic strategies for each symptom and condition in patients with PD.
Extraction, Structural Characterization, and Biological Functions of Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharides: A Review
Authors: Tian Xiaojing , Liang Tisong , Liu Yuanlin , Ding Gongtao , Zhang Fumei , Ma Zhongren
Published: August 2019

Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs), as bioactive compounds extracted from L. barbarum L. fruit, have been widely explored for their potential health properties. The extraction and structural characterization methods of LBPs were reviewed to accurately understand the extraction method and structural and biological functions of LBPs. An overview of the biological functions of LBPs, such as antioxidant function, antitumor activity, neuroprotective effects, immune regulating function, and other functions, were summarized. This review provides an overview of LBPs and a theoretical basis for further studying and extending the applications of LBPs in the fields of medicine and food.
A Multi-Biochemical and In Silico Study on Anti-Enzymatic Actions of Pyroglutamic Acid against PDE-5, ACE, and Urease Using Various Analytical Techniques: Unexplored Pharmacological Properties and Cytotoxicity Evaluation
Authors: Šudomová Miroslava , Hassan Sherif T. S. , Khan Haroon , Rasekhian Mahsa , Nabavi Seyed Mohammad
Published: August 2019

In the current study, pyroglutamic acid (pGlu), a natural amino acid derivative, has efficiently inhibited the catalytic activities of three important enzymes, namely: Human recombinant phosphodiesterase-5A1 (PDE5A1), human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and urease. These enzymes were reported to be associated with several important clinical conditions in humans. Radioactivity-based assay, spectrophotometric-based assay, and an Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry-based method were employed to ascertain the inhibitory actions of pGlu against PDE5A1, ACE, and urease, respectively. The results unveiled that pGlu potently suppressed the activity of PDE5A1 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration; IC50 = 5.23 µM) compared with that of standard drug sildenafil citrate (IC50 = 7.14 µM). Moreover, pGlu at a concentration of 20 µg/mL was found to efficiently inhibit human ACE with 98.2% inhibition compared with that of standard captopril (99.6%; 20 µg/mL). The urease-catalyzed reaction was also remarkably inactivated by pGlu and standard acetohydroxamic acid with IC50 values of 1.8 and 3.9 µM, respectively. Remarkably, the outcome of in vitro cytotoxicity assay did not reveal any significant cytotoxic properties of pGlu against human cervical carcinoma cells and normal human fetal lung fibroblast cells. In addition to in vitro assays, molecular docking analyses were performed to corroborate the outcomes of in vitro results with predicted structure–activity relationships. In conclusion, pGlu could be presented as a natural and multifunctional agent with promising applications in the treatment of some ailments connected with the above-mentioned anti-enzymatic properties.
High Working Memory Capacity at the Cost of Precision?
Authors: Vellage Anne-Katrin , Müller Patrick , Schmicker Marlen , Hopf Jens-Max , Müller Notger
Published: August 2019

Working memory capacity (WMC) varies tremendously among individuals. Here, we investigate the possibility that subjects with high WMC use this limited resource more efficiently by reducing the precision with which they store information in demanding tasks. Task difficulty was increased by (a) presenting more objects to be memorized, (b) informing subjects only after the encoding phase about the relevant objects, and (c) delivering distracting features at retrieval. Precision was assessed by means of a continuous delayed-estimation task, in which object features had to be estimated from memory. High WMC subjects did not show a stronger drop in precision in difficult tasks. Instead, a positive correlation between precision and general WMC emerged. These findings suggest that high WMC subjects do not necessarily trade in quantity for quality when forming working memory (WM) representations under increasing demand. Instead, they seem to be able to devote more cognitive resources to support WM storage.
Transcriptional Regulation of Differentiation and Functions of Effector T Regulatory Cells
Authors: Koizumi Shin-ichi , Ishikawa Hiroki
Published: August 2019

Foxp3-expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells can suppress the activity of various types of immune cells and play key roles in the maintenance of self-tolerance and in the regulation of immune responses against pathogens and tumor cells. Treg cells consist of heterogeneous subsets that have distinct phenotypes and functions. Upon antigen stimulation, naïve-like thymus-derived Treg cells, which circulate in secondary lymphoid organs, can differentiate into effector Treg (eTreg) cells and migrate to and control immune homeostasis of peripheral tissues. eTreg cells are heterogeneous in terms of their ability to localize to specific tissues and suppress particular types of immune responses. Differentiation and function of diverse eTreg subsets are regulated by a variety of transcription factors that are activated by antigens and cytokines. In this article, we review the current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of differentiation and function of eTreg cells.
Neutral Lipids Are Not a Source of Arachidonic Acid for Lipid Mediator Signaling in Human Foamy Monocytes
Authors: Guijas Carlos , Bermúdez Miguel A. , Meana Clara , Astudillo Alma M. , Pereira Laura , Fernández-Caballero Lidia , Balboa María A. , Balsinde Jesús
Published: August 2019

Human monocytes exposed to free arachidonic acid (AA), a secretory product of endothelial cells, acquire a foamy phenotype which is due to the accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets with high AA content. Recruitment of foamy monocytes to the inflamed endothelium contributes to the development of atherosclerotic lesions. In this work, we investigated the potential role of AA stored in the neutral lipids of foamy monocytes to be cleaved by lipases and contribute to lipid mediator signaling. To this end, we used mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approaches combined with strategies to generate monocytes with different concentrations of AA. Results from our experiments indicate that the phospholipid AA pool in monocytes is stable and does not change upon exposure of the cells to the external AA. On the contrary, the AA pool in triacylglycerol is expandable and can accommodate relatively large amounts of fatty acid. Stimulation of the cells with opsonized zymosan results in the expected decreases of cellular AA. Under all conditions examined, all of the AA decreases observed in stimulated cells were accounted for by decreases in the phospholipid pool; we failed to detect any contribution of the triacylglycerol pool to the response. Experiments utilizing selective inhibitors of phospholipid or triacylglyerol hydrolysis confirmed that the phospholipid pool is the sole contributor of the AA liberated by stimulated cells. Thus, the AA in the triacylglycerol is not a source of free AA for the lipid mediator signaling during stimulation of human foamy monocytes and may be used for other cellular functions.
Prognostic Role of Blood NETosis in the Progression of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Decker Anna Sophie , Pylaeva Ekaterina , Brenzel Alexandra , Spyra Ilona , Droege Freya , Hussain Timon , Lang Stephan , Jablonska Jadwiga
Published: August 2019

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represent web-like structures consisting of externalized DNA decorated with granule proteins that are responsible for trapping and killing bacteria. However, undesirable effects of NET formation during carcinogenesis, such as metastasis support, have been described. In the present study, we evaluated the correlation between NETosis and disease progression in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients in order to establish a valid biomarker for an early detection and monitoring of HNC progression. Moreover, factors influencing NET release in HNC patients were revealed. We showed a significantly elevated vital NETosis in neutrophils isolated from early T1–T2 and N0–N2 stage patients, as compared to healthy controls. Additionally, in our experimental setting, we confirmed the involvement of tumor cells in the stimulation of NET formation. Interestingly, in advanced cancer stages (T3–4, N3) NETosis was reduced. This also correlated with the levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in plasma and tumor tissue. Altogether, we suggest that the elevated NETosis in blood can be used as a biomarker to detect early HNC and to predict patients at risk to develop tumor metastasis. Therapeutic disruption of NET formation may offer new roads for successful treatment of HNC patients in order to prevent metastasis.
Truncated Hemoglobins 1 and 2 Are Implicated in the Modulation of Phosphorus Deficiency-Induced Nitric Oxide Levels in Chlamydomonas
Authors: Filina Valentina , Grinko Alexandra , Ermilova Elena
Published: August 2019

Truncated hemoglobins (trHbs) form a widely distributed family of proteins found in archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Accumulating evidence suggests that trHbs may be implicated in functions other than oxygen delivery, but these roles are largely unknown. Characterization of the conditions that affect trHb expression and investigation of their regulatory mechanisms will provide a framework for elucidating the functions of these globins. Here, the transcription of Chlamydomonas trHb genes (THB1–12) under conditions of phosphorus (P) deprivation was analyzed. Three THB genes, THB1, THB2, and THB12 were expressed at the highest level. For the first time, we demonstrate the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) under P-limiting conditions and the production of NO by cells via a nitrate reductase-independent pathway. To clarify the functions of THB1 and THB2, we generated and analyzed strains in which these THBs were strongly under-expressed by using an artificial microRNA approach. Similar to THB1 knockdown, the depletion of THB2 led to a decrease in cell size and chlorophyll levels. We provide evidence that the knockdown of THB1 or THB2 enhanced NO production under P deprivation. Overall, these results demonstrate that THB1 and THB2 are likely to contribute, at least in part, to acclimation responses in P-deprived Chlamydomonas.
Microstructures and Wear Resistance of Boron-Chromium Duplex-Alloyed Coatings Prepared by a Two-Step Pack Cementation Process
Authors: Hu Jianjun , Zeng Jing , Yang Yan , Yang Xian , Li Hui , Guo Ning
Published: August 2019

In this study, a two-step pack cementation process (preboronizing and then chromizing) was employed to prepare the B-Cr duplex-alloyed coating on the steel. After the first step of preboronizing (PB sample), box-type furnace chromizing (BC-1 sample) and induction heating chromizing (BC-2 sample) were carried out, respectively. The phases and microstructure of the coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), backscattering electron imaging (BSEI), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results reveal that the heating mode of the second step of chromizing has a significant effect on the phase composition and microstructure of the B-Cr coating. The efficiency of induction heating is higher than that of the box furnace heating, resulting in a thicker, denser, flatter surface, and B-Cr coating with fully reacted B and Cr elements. The wear and corrosion resistance of the steel is found to be significantly improved by the formation of effective B-Cr coating. The formation mechanisms and properties of the two duplex-alloyed coatings are investigated and discussed.
Pulse-Propagation Modeling and Experiment for Femtosecond-Laser Writing of Waveguide in Nd:YAG
Authors: Feng Tao , Sahoo Pankaj K. , Arteaga-Sierra Francisco R. , Dorrer Christophe , Qiao Jie
Published: August 2019

In this work, unidirectional pulse propagation equation (UPPE) modeling is performed to study the nonlinear laser-mater interaction in silicon and Nd:Y3Al5O12 (Nd:YAG) crystals. The simulation results are validated with reported experimental results for silicon and applied to Nd:YAG crystals with experimental validation. Stress-induced waveguides are written in Nd:YAG crystals using 515 nm, 300 fs pulses at a 1 kHz repetition rate. Waveguides having a mean propagation loss of 0.21 ± 0.06 dB/cm are obtained, which is lower than the previous reported values for Type-II waveguides written in Nd:YAG crystals. The modeling and experimental results consistently show that the modification (waveguide track) depth increases with input energy. A detailed analysis is presented to control the modal properties of the waveguide in the context of UPPE simulation.
Correlation Dimension Detects Causal Links in Coupled Dynamical Systems
Authors: Krakovská Anna
Published: August 2019

It is becoming increasingly clear that causal analysis of dynamical systems requires different approaches than, for example, causal analysis of interconnected autoregressive processes. In this study, a correlation dimension estimated in reconstructed state spaces is used to detect causality. If deterministic dynamics plays a dominant role in data then the method based on the correlation dimension can serve as a fast and reliable way to reveal causal relationships between and within the systems. This study demonstrates that the method, unlike most other causal approaches, detects causality well, even for very weak links. It can also identify cases of uncoupled systems that are causally affected by a hidden common driver.
Welfare Impact of Globalization in Developing Countries: Examining the Mediating Role of Human Capital
Authors: Olagunju Kehinde Oluseyi , Ogunniyi Adebayo Isaiah , Oguntegbe Kunle Francis , Raji Ibrahim Oluwole , Ogundari Kolawole
Published: August 2019

Despite remarkable progress in the fight against poverty during the past few decades, the proportion of the poor living in developing countries is still on the high side. Many countries have promoted integration as an important development strategy; however, its impact on welfare of the poor is still unclear. In this study, we examine the roles of education and health dimensions of human capital in globalization and its impact on the poverty gap and the child mortality rate using cross-country panel data covering 110 developing countries between 1970 and 2015. We use a model based on system generalized method of moments (SGMM) to control for unobserved heterogeneity and potential endogeneity of the explanatory variables. The empirical results reveal that globalization reduces poverty gap and child mortality rate, and that an increase in the stock of human capital in developing economies improves welfare outcomes. The study also finds that human capital strengthens the negative impact of globalization on poverty gap and child mortality rate. For example, should enrollment in secondary school in Nigeria (in 2013) be increased from 39.2% to 61.6%, on average, it could translate into 2508 fewer under-five child deaths. We recommend that interconnectedness and promotion of human capital development should constitute a fundamental component of policy mix targeted at enhancing reduction of poverty and child mortality rate in developing countries.
Bullying among Teens: Are Ethnicity and Race Risk Factors for Victimization? A Bibliometric Research
Authors: Fuentes Cabrera Arturo , Moreno Guerrero Antonio José , Pozo Sánchez José Santiago , Rodríguez-García Antonio-Manuel
Published: August 2019

Bullying is a problematic situation that negatively affects thousands of children and adolescents in today’s world. The multicultural society resulting from globalization has caused different reactions throughout society. In the school context, some authors indicate that ethnicity and race are risk factors for being victims of bullying. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to analyze the scientific production on racial or ethnic bullying with the greatest impact at present, considering nine variables: Publication date, authors, organizations, countries, journals, type of document, area of research, language, and reference with more impact (cites). We conducted a bibliometric study through systematic review, documentary quantification, and data visualization techniques. We analyzed 831 documents, with a notable increase in recent years (2011–2019), highlighting the production from Dewey Cornell (University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA). On the other hand, the results showed that ethnic identity constitutes a differential factor in harassment appearing, accompanied by very poor socio-economic and cultural levels favoring depressive tendencies and drug consumption in the ethnic harassed. In short, bullying has a negative impact both physically and psychologically on the victims. For this reason, we must continue to work from the school context to eradicate the situation that is affecting more and more people.
Evaluation of a Direct Lightning Strike to the 24 kV Distribution Lines in Thailand
Authors: Sestasombut Pornchai , Ngaopitakkul Atthapol
Published: August 2019

This paper evaluates the effect of a lightning strike directly on the 24 kV distribution lines in Thailand, where such strikes are one of the main causes of power outages. The voltage across the insulator, and the arrester energy absorbed due to the lightning, need to be analyzed for different grounding distances of the overhead ground wire, ground resistance, lightning impact positions, and lightning current waveforms. Analysis and simulations are conducted using the Alternative Transients Program/Electromagnetic Transients Program (ATP/EMTP) to find the energy absorbed by the arrester and the voltages across the insulator. The results indicate that when surge arresters are not installed, the voltage across the insulator at the end of the line is approximately 1.4 times that in the middle of the line. In addition, the ground resistance and grounding distance of the overhead ground wire affect the voltage across the insulator if the overhead ground wire is struck. When surge arresters are installed, a shorter grounding distance of the overhead ground wire and a lower ground resistance are not always desirable; this is because they reduce the back-flashover rate and the voltage across the insulator if lightning strikes the overhead ground wire. However, lightning strikes to the phase conductor result in high arrester energy and the possibility that the arrester will fail. Furthermore, the tail time of the lightning waveform is a significant variable when considering the energy absorbed by the arrester, whereas the front time is important for the voltage across the insulator. In case lightning strikes directly on the connected point between the overhead lines and the underground cables, the distribution line system is protected only by the lightning arrester at the connection point. The overvoltage at the connection point is lower than the basic impulse level at 24 kV of 125 kV, but the overvoltage at the end of the cable is still more than 125 kV in case the cable is longer than 400 m. When the distribution line system is protected by the lightning arrester at both the connection point and the end of the cable, it results in overvoltage throughout the cable is lower than the critical flashover of insulation. This method is the best way to reduce the failure rate of underground cables and equipment that are connected to the distribution line system.
Improved Control of Radiator Heating Systems with Thermostatic Radiator Valves without Pre-Setting Function
Authors: Benakopoulos Theofanis , Salenbien Robbe , Vanhoudt Dirk , Svendsen Svend
Published: August 2019

Low-temperature district heating will play an important role in a future free of fossil fuels. This will only be able to be realized through the low-temperature operation of heating systems in existing buildings. Existing radiator systems can operate with low temperatures for most of the year because they are designed for extremely cold days, but errors have to be corrected and the control of the radiator systems needs to be improved. In this paper, we present a strategy to achieve low-temperature operation from the radiator system of a multi-family building in Denmark without a pre-setting function in the thermostatic radiator valves. The strategy is based on operating the system with a combination of a minimum supply temperature and small temperature differences over the radiators. The operation of the system is analyzed through a thermal-hydraulic model. A minimum supply temperature weather compensation curve was calculated and implemented in the central supply temperature control. Return temperature measurements in the substation, the risers, and several critical radiators were performed before and after the implementation of the strategy. The measurements confirm that a lower supply temperature results in a reduction of the return temperature. However, the system operator needs to be supported by a tool package to correctly maintain the system’s operation.
Computation of Transient Profiles along Nonuniform Transmission Lines Including Time-Varying and Nonlinear Elements Using the Numerical Laplace Transform
Authors: Nuricumbo-Guillén Rodrigo , Espino Cortés Fermín P. , Gómez Pablo , Tejada Martínez Carlos
Published: August 2019

Electromagnetic transients are responsible for overvoltages and overcurrents that can have a negative impact on the insulating elements of the electrical transmission system. In order to reduce the damage caused by these phenomena, it is essential to accurately simulate the effect of transients along transmission lines. Nonuniformities of transmission line parameters can affect the magnitude of voltage transients, thus it is important to include such nonuniformities correctly. In this paper, a frequency domain method to compute transient voltage and current profiles along nonuniform multiconductor transmission lines is described, including the effect of time-varying and nonlinear elements. The model described here utilizes the cascade connection of chain matrices in order to take into consideration the nonuniformities along the line. This technique incorporates the change of parameters along the line by subdividing the transmission line into several line segments, where each one can have different electrical parameters. The proposed method can include the effect of time-dependent elements by means of the principle of superposition. The numerical Laplace transform is applied to the frequency-domain solution in order to transform it to the corresponding time-domain response. The results obtained with the proposed method were validated by means of comparisons with results computed with ATP (Alternative Transients Program) simulations, presenting a high level of agreement.
The Wolf–Rayet Content of the Galaxies of the Local Group and Beyond
Authors: Neugent Kathryn , Massey Philip
Published: August 2019

Wolf–Rayet stars (WRs) represent the end of a massive star’s life as it is about to turn into a supernova. Obtaining complete samples of such stars across a large range of metallicities poses observational challenges, but presents us with an exacting way to test current stellar evolutionary theories. A technique we have developed and refined involves interference filter imaging combined with image subtraction and crowded-field photometry. This helps us address one of the most controversial topics in current massive star research: the relative importance of binarity in the evolution of massive stars and formation of WRs. Here, we discuss the current state of the field, including how the observed WR populations match with the predictions of both single and binary star evolutionary models. We end with what we believe are the most important next steps in WR research.