bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiological evolution of progestogen‐induced meningioma: A monocentric retrospective study
Authors: Ahmed‐Khalifa Taghla , Gillet Romain , Blonski Marie , Rech Fabien , Fresse Audrey , Gillet Pierre , Taillandier Luc , Petitpain Nadine
Published: January 2023

Cyproterone acetate (CPA) is known to induce meningioma, and recently, nomegestrol acetate (NMA) and chlormadinone acetate (CMA) were also involved. Progestagen‐induced meningioma management starts with progestogen discontinuation and is either interventional (surgery and/or radiotherapy) or conservative (clinical and MRI radiological follow‐up). We performed a retrospective volumetric radiological outcomSe study of progestogen‐induced meningiomas diagnosed in our hospital. We analysed progestogen‐related meningiomas diagnosed until 30 June 2021, with at least one diagnostic and one follow‐up MRI results. Meningioma volumes were centrally retrospectively measured using a T1‐weighted 3D millimeter sequence with gadolinium injection on a postprocessing console. We analysed 98 meningiomas of 38 females and one transgender (male‐to‐female), of which 25 (64.1%) had taken CPA, seven (17.9%) NMA, three (7.7%) CMA, and four (10.2%) several progestogens. Eleven patients (24 meningiomas) underwent interventional management, seven patients had meningiomas followed by conservative or interventional management, and 21 patients (51 meningiomas) had only conservative management. Of these 21 patients, 17 had discontinued their progestogen less than 6 months before, of which 14 (82.3%) had decreased or stable meningioma(s) during a 24‐month median follow‐up (3 to 75) period. Overall, four of the 39 patients experienced meningioma progression (three during conservative treatment and one after surgery), including two patients who had continued NMA or CMA treatment several years after diagnosis. Our study confirms a generally favourable outcome of progestogen‐related meningioma after conservative treatment, especially for CPA. It also underlines the need for progestogen discontinuation at meningioma diagnosis.
An optical technique based on silicate glass sintering for temperature mapping
Authors: Burke Noah , Panoutsopoulos Panagiotis , Gregory Otto J.
Published: January 2023

Thermal paints have been used for decades by the gas turbine engine community to map surface temperature with low resolution. A novel thermal paint based on the sintering of a lead‐silicate glass powder was developed that can map maximum temperature with high resolution (±5°C) over a 60°C range beginning at the glass transition temperature (). The paint exhibited excellent adhesion to nickel‐based superalloy components due to similar coefficients of thermal expansion between the superalloy and glassy ceramic coating. An optical transition was qualitatively and quantitatively observed using scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐VIS) reflectance spectroscopy, and visual inspection. UV‐VIS reflectance spectroscopy was used to confirm the optical transition observed by the naked eye and quantitatively assess the transition of the thermal paint with high resolution. This technique for obtaining high resolution experimental temperature maps can aid the performance, efficiency, and reliability of gas turbine engines.
Parental recall bias in observational studies: Child dental service use
Authors: Stormon Nicole , Sexton Christopher
Published: January 2023

Background

Parents are frequently used to recall events of exposure and disease as a proxy for their children in observational health research.

Aim

To assess the validity of parental recall of children's utilisation of dental services.

Design

Parents in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) were asked to recall their children's overall dental service use in the previous year and whether the study child had received fillings or extractions due to decay in the previous 2 years. True positives were identified through parents who correctly recalled child dental service utilisation with actual dental treatment received in a linked dataset.

Results

Of the 10 090 participants from the LSAC, 1290 study children had linked dental treatment data eligible for inclusion in this study. The absolute true‐positive rate for parental recall of dental service use in the previous year was 82% (n = 1263). Overall true‐positive percentages were lower for recall of fillings (40%) and extractions (7%) in the previous 2 years. Increasing number of recall days was associated with the rate of true‐positive recall adjusted for other factors in all three models.

Conclusion

Accuracy of parental recall for tooth fillings and extractions was low. The use of parental recall for specific dental treatment over a time span of 2 years in further research is not recommended.
Analytical model for strength of MAX phases considering high‐temperature oxidation and plastic deformation
Authors: Deng Yong , Wang Huanfang , Hao Yi , Zhang Chao , Shao Jiaxing , Li Weiguo
Published: January 2023

As a promising high‐temperature material, MAX phases have attracted much attention owing to their combined merits of metals and ceramics. In this study, a temperature‐dependent analytical model for prediction of the strength of MAX phases considering high‐temperature oxidation and plastic deformation was proposed. A relationship among the strength, Young's modulus, strain‐hardening exponent, crack size, and temperature was established. The accuracy of the model was verified by a comparison between the model predictions and available experimental data. The proposed analytical model can provide a straightforward and effective way to predict the strength of MAX phases over a wide range of temperatures. Moreover, the quantitative effects of oxidation time, strain‐hardening exponent, and Young's modulus on the strength, as well as their evolution with temperature, were analyzed. The findings of this study would be useful for the high‐temperature strength prediction and design of MAX phase materials.
Family oriented intervention for families of adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A feasibility study
Authors: Baldursdottir Ingibjorg M. , Petursdottir Asta B. , Svavarsdottir Erla K.
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Based on eight research criteria, this study examines the feasibility of a 5‐week Family Strength‐Oriented Therapeutic Conversation (FAM‐SOTC) for caregivers of adolescents diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); this intervention aims to improve outcomes of both caregivers and adolescents.

Design and Methods

The FAM‐SOTC intervention was implemented at an adolescent psychiatric outpatient unit with 10 caregivers of 10 adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. The feasibility criteria were addressed through survey responses, diary reports, and a one‐group pre‐ and posttest quasi‐experimental design.

Findings

The assessment of eight feasibility criteria showed promising results for the further evaluation of the intervention.

Practical Implications

This feasibility study has produced promising results, which represent a step toward a more extensive study, designed to evaluate a protocol that may offer educational and supportive programs for families of adolescents with ADHD, enhancing their self‐management behavior. Further studies are warranted to test the FAM‐SOTC intervention using a larger sample.
Dose intensification strategy influences infliximab pharmacokinetics but not clinical response after the same number of doses
Authors: Srinivasan Ashish , De Cruz Peter , Sam Melissa , Toong Catherine , van Langenberg Daniel R.
Published: January 2023

Background

The optimal infliximab dose intensification strategy to address secondary loss of response (LOR) remains unclear. This study aimed to compare clinical and pharmacokinetic outcomes following (i) upfront infliximab re‐induction with (ii) ongoing 6‐weekly dose interval shortening (DIS), after the same number of doses.

Methods

A prospective parallel cohort study of inflammatory bowel disease patients who required infliximab dose intensification for secondary LOR using (i) re‐induction (i.e., repeat 5 mg/kg 0, 2, 6‐week dosing) followed by 8‐weekly maintenance or (ii) 6‐weekly 5 mg/kg DIS was undertaken. Week 32 clinical response was the primary outcome, with secondary evaluation of infliximab pharmacokinetics and predictors of response.

Results

Of 104 patients, 54 underwent re‐induction, and 50 underwent 6‐weekly DIS; 43 per cohort had clinically active disease, with comparable baseline infliximab levels (2.03 vs 2.02 ug/mL, P = 0.83). Clinical response was similar across re‐induction and DIS cohorts at weeks 12 (69.8 vs 65.1%) and 32 (53.5 vs 62.8%, each P > 0.50); however, both strategies demonstrated distinct pharmacokinetic profiles at weeks 6 (18.45 vs 5.36 ug/mL, P < 0.01), 12 (8.94 vs 5.96 ug/mL, P = 0.02) and 30 (3.89 vs 6.35 ug/mL, P = .0.02). In multivariable analyses, objectively verified active disease at baseline (OR 12.92, 95% CI [1.84–90.84], P = 0.01), subtherapeutic week 6 infliximab levels (OR 0.12, 95% CI [0.01, 0.99], P = 0.049) and week 12 clinical response (OR 5.44, 95% CI [1.20–19.97], P = 0.04) were associated with week 32 response, as were week 2 infliximab levels (OR 1.34, 95% CI [1.02–1.47], P = 0.04) following re‐induction. Following re‐induction, week 2 infliximab levels <15.6 ug/mL (AUROC 0.76, 95% CI [0.54–0.99], P < 0.05) predicted nonresponse at week 32.

Conclusion

Dose intensification strategy impacted immediate and sustained infliximab levels but not clinical response. Upfront intensification was associated with short‐term pharmacokinetic advantages, including predictors of response, that diminished with time. Hence, when applying upfront dose intensification, clinicians should consider continuing intensified dosing to sustain early pharmacokinetic advantages based on predictors of (non)response.
A comprehensive anatomical network analysis of human brain topology
Authors: Schuurman Tim , Bruner Emiliano
Published: January 2023

A network approach to the macroscopic anatomy of the human brain can be used to model physical interactions among regions in order to study their topological properties, as well as the topological properties of the overall system. Here, a comprehensive model of human brain topology is presented, based on traditional macroanatomical divisions of the whole brain, which includes its subcortical regions. The aim was to localise anatomical elements that are essential for the geometric balance of the brain, as to identify underlying phenotypic patterns of spatial arrangement and understand how these patterns may influence brain morphology in ontogeny and phylogeny. The model revealed that the parahippocampal gyrus, the anterior lobe of the cerebellum and the ventral portion of the midbrain are subjected to major topological constraints that are likely to limit or channel their morphological evolution. The present model suggests that the brain can be divided into a superior and an inferior morphological block, linked with extrinsic topological constraints imposed by the surrounding braincase. This information should be considered duly both in ontogenetic and phylogenetic studies of primate neuroanatomy.
Treat yourself: Food delivery apps and the interplay between justification for use and food well‐being
Authors: Capito Sabrina , Pergelova Albena
Published: January 2023

This study examines the relationship between justification for use and well‐being in respect to mobile food delivery apps (FDA). Adopting an interpretivist qualitative approach, the study offers contributions to the FDA and food well‐being literature by uncovering four groups of licensing effects that consumers use in justifying FDA use. Those licensing effects can have either positive or negative influence on consumers' well‐being depending on the degree to which consumers engage in self‐regulation, awareness, and conscious managing of their relationship with food. The study also unravels the importance of dealing with the tensions between FDA use and well‐being by shedding light on feelings of guilt and financial anxiety related to FDA use.
Going home: Clinician perspectives on decision‐making in paediatric home mechanical ventilation
Authors: Jeffreys Juliette , Rahman Mayukh , Vears Danya , Massie John
Published: January 2023

Aim

Despite a recent increase in the use of ventilators in the home setting for children with chronic respiratory failure, there is currently no unified approach for clinical decision‐making for children requiring long‐term mechanical ventilation. The purpose of this study is to understand the clinician's perspective on decision‐making around home ventilation for children, and how home‐based care contributes to successful outcomes in this population.

Methods

We recruited physicians and home ventilation nurses with at least 2 years' experience working in an Australian paediatric tertiary home ventilation service using professional networks and snowball sampling. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted by two researchers between February 2019 and June 2020. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed, and analysed using inductive content analysis.

Results

Twenty‐five individuals participated (17 physicians and 8 home ventilation nurses). Participants viewed themselves as impartial medical advocates in the decision‐making process, believing the decision to initiate or cease ventilation belonged to the child's family. While participants held the child's quality of life as the cornerstone of decision‐making, quality of life was subjective and family specific.

Conclusion

These findings provide insight into how clinicians working with children with chronic respiratory insufficiency approach the decision to introduce home‐based ventilation. By understanding their role, strategies can be developed to assist them, leading to better outcomes for patients and families. Further research is needed to compare the perspectives of clinicians with the experience of ventilator‐assisted children and families in Australia.
Genomic diversity and differentiation between island and mainland populations of white‐tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla)
Authors: Hansen Charles Christian Riis , Láruson Áki Jarl , Rasmussen Jacob Agerbo , Ballesteros Jesus Adrian Chimal , Sinding Mikkel‐Holger S. , Hallgrimsson Gunnar T. , von Schmalensee Menja , Stefansson Robert A. , Skarphédinsson Kristinn Haukur , Labansen Aili Lage , Leivits Madis , Sonne Christian , Dietz Rune , Skelmose Kim , Boertmann David , Eulaers Igor , Martin Michael D. , Helgason Agnar S. , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Pálsson Snæbjörn
Published: January 2023

Divergence in the face of high dispersal capabilities is a documented but poorly understood phenomenon. The white‐tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) has a large geographic dispersal capability and should theoretically be able to maintain genetic homogeneity across its dispersal range. However, following analysis of the genomic variation of white‐tailed eagles, from both historical and contemporary samples, clear signatures of ancient biogeographic substructure across Europe and the North‐East Atlantic is observed. The greatest genomic differentiation was observed between island (Greenland and Iceland) and mainland (Denmark, Norway and Estonia) populations. The two island populations share a common ancestry from a single mainland population, distinct from the other sampled mainland populations, and despite the potential for high connectivity between Iceland and Greenland they are well separated from each other and are characterized by inbreeding and little variation. Temporal differences also highlight a pattern of regional populations persisting despite the potential for admixture. All sampled populations generally showed a decline in effective population size over time, which may have been shaped by four historical events: (1) Isolation of refugia during the last glacial period 110–115,000 years ago, (2) population divergence following the colonization of the deglaciated areas ~10,000 years ago, (3) human population expansion, which led to the settlement in Iceland ~1100 years ago, and (4) human persecution and exposure to toxic pollutants during the last two centuries.
Characterizing zebra crossing zones using LiDAR data
Authors: Esmorís Alberto M. , Vilariño David L. , Arango David F. , Varela‐García Francisco‐Alberto , Cabaleiro José C. , Rivera Francisco F.
Published: January 2023

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) scanning in urban environments leads to accurate and dense three‐dimensional point clouds where the different elements in the scene can be precisely characterized. In this paper, two LiDAR‐based algorithms that complement each other are proposed. The first one is a novel profiling method robust to noise and obstacles. It accurately characterizes the curvature, the slope, the height of the sidewalks, obstacles, and defects such as potholes. It was effective for 48 of 49 detected zebra crossings, even in the presence of pedestrians or vehicles in the crossing zone. The second one is a detailed quantitative summary of the state of the zebra crossing. It contains information about the location, the geometry, and the road marking. Coarse grain statistics are more prone to obstacle‐related errors and are only fully reliable for 18 zebra crossings free from significant obstacles. However, all the anomalous statistics can be analyzed by looking at the associated profiles. The results can help in the maintenance of urban roads. More specifically, they can be used to improve the quality and safety of pedestrian routes.
Suppression of citrus canker disease mediated by flagellin perception
Authors: Andrade Maxuel de Oliveira , da Silva Jaqueline Cristina , Soprano Adriana Santos , Shimo Hugo Massayoshi , Leme Adriana Franco Paes , Benedetti Celso Eduardo
Published: January 2023

Citrus cancer, caused by strains of Xanthomonas citri (Xc) and Xanthomonas aurantifolii (Xa), is one of the most economically important citrus diseases. Although our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying citrus canker development has advanced remarkably in recent years, exactly how citrus plants fight against these pathogens remains largely unclear. Using a Xa pathotype C strain that infects Mexican lime only and sweet oranges as a pathosystem to study the immune response triggered by this bacterium in these hosts, we herein report that the Xa flagellin C protein (XaFliC) acts as a potent defence elicitor in sweet oranges. Just as Xa blocked canker formation when coinfiltrated with Xc in sweet orange leaves, two polymorphic XaFliC peptides designated flgIII‐20 and flgIII‐27, not related to flg22 or flgII‐28 but found in many Xanthomonas species, were sufficient to protect sweet orange plants from Xc infection. Accordingly, ectopic expression of XaFliC in a Xc FliC‐defective mutant completely abolished the ability of this mutant to grow and cause canker in sweet orange but not Mexican lime plants. Because XaFliC and flgIII‐27 also specifically induced the expression of several defence‐related genes, our data suggest that XaFliC acts as a main immune response determinant in sweet orange plants.
Effect of orodispersible hyaluronic acid film on palatal mucosa wound healing
Authors: Lee Jeong Hyun , Lee Ko Eun , Kang Sang Wook , Park Seung Hwan , Chae Yong Kwon , Lee Myoung‐Han , Kweon Dong‐Keun , Choi Sung Chul , Nam Ok Hyung
Published: January 2023

Objective

The objective of the study was to evaluate the healing effect of hyaluronic acid films on palatal wounds.

Materials and Methods

After making 5‐mm diameter palatal wounds, 72 rats were randomly assigned to three groups: control, hyaluronic acid gel, and hyaluronic acid film. The animals were sacrificed at 3, 7, and 21 days after the experiment. Clinical, histological, and RT‐PCR analyses were performed. Human ex vivo oral mucosa models were used. Histological analysis and pan‐cytokeratin staining were performed at 5 days after wound creation.

Results

In rat model, both gels and films showed favorable healing on Days 3 and 7 compared with healing in the control (p < 0.05). Film showed remarkable VEGF and α‐SMA expression than did the others (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that film exhibited significantly lower CD68 and greater α‐SMA and vimentin expression levels than those in the others (p < 0.05). In human model, re‐epithelialization rate of film group was significantly higher than that of the others. Complete epithelial regeneration was confirmed only in film group using pan‐cytokeratin staining.

Conclusions

Within the limits of this study, hyaluronic acid film outperformed gels in terms of palatal wound healing in both models.
Spinal cord stimulation and return to work of patients with failed back surgery syndrome
Authors: Dauriac‐Le Masson Valérie , Gatt Marie‐Thérèse , Chekroun Corinne , Turak Baris , Djian Marie Christine
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Chronic pain has a substantial negative impact on work‐related outcomes, which underlines the importance of interventions to reduce the burden. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) efficiently relieves pain in specific chronic pain syndromes and is recommended for treating failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) or post‐surgical chronic back pain that is refractory to other treatments. To examine the impact of SCS in patients with FBSS on the return to work (RTW), we determined the RTW rate and the factors positively associated with the RTW.

Materials and Methods

Among 106 patients with FBSS who benefitted from SCS at a single institution in France between September 1999 and March 2010, we retrospectively included 59 who had stopped work at the time of SCS because of disability or sick leave and evaluated the RTW (rate and predictors, estimating odds ratios [ORs] and 95% confidence intervals [CIs]).

Results

The mean (SD) post‐surgery follow‐up for the 59 patients (34 men; mean [SD] age 46.9 [7.4] years) was 7.5 (3.6) years (range 5–15). The RTW rate was 30.5%, with a median [IQR] recovery time of 5.5 months [3–8.5]. RTW was improved with functional improvement evolution (OR 1.1, 95% CI [1.01–1.1], p = 0.02) and was reduced with unemployment > 3 years (OR 0.1, 95% CI [0.01–0.7], p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Our protocol for SCS for patients with FBSS, including a strict selection of patients and a multidisciplinary approach, led to good results, especially for the RTW. RTW should be a therapeutic goal, directly affecting indirect costs related to FBSS.
Positive crossover: Parent perceived partner responsiveness and health of youth with asthma
Authors: Bierstetel Sabrina J. , Farrell Allison K. , Tobin Erin T. , Kane Heidi S. , Imami Ledina , Zilioli Samuele , Slatcher Richard B.
Published: January 2023

Romantic relationship functioning has implications that extend beyond the romantic dyad. This study tests whether a key positive aspect of relationships, perceived partner responsiveness, can cross over from parents' romantic relationships to children's health and well‐being via parenting behavior. In a sample of 112 youth with asthma and their primary caregivers, when caregivers perceived higher partner responsiveness in their romantic relationship, youth experienced improved self‐reported asthma symptoms, pulmonary functioning, and positive affect. The associations were robust while controlling for parents' relationship conflict and other relevant covariates, except for the pulmonary functioning outcome, which was instead predicted by parents' conflict. However, parenting behavior (i.e., positive and negative parenting) did not appear to mediate these links. This work highlights the importance of positive romantic relationship processes for youth health and well‐being, emphasizing the relevance of clinical intervention work and the need to continue investigating mechanisms through which these processes may be linked.
The effect of citrus planting orientation on the gradient and incidence of huanglongbing
Authors: Primiano Isabela Vescove , Eduardo Wellington Ivo , Amorim Lilian , Bergamin Filho Armando , Montesino Luiz Henrique , Bassanezi Renato Beozzo
Published: January 2023

Successful primary spread of huanglongbing (HLB) within the citrus orchard occurs by the dispersal of the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP; Diaphorina citri) carrying the HLB bacterium “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” (CLas) from external areas to blocks located in the orchard periphery. Higher ACP population is usually concentrated in a strip of up to 200 m from the orchard's edge. Consequently, a higher number of HLB‐symptomatic trees is also detected in this edge strip. Control strategies should be intensified in this strip to prevent further ACP dispersal and therefore to avoid more infected trees in inner blocks. The effect of the citrus planting direction, either parallel or perpendicular to the orchard's edge, was evaluated by comparing the HLB gradient and incidence in blocks located at the orchard's edge by the analysis of satellite images. Six areas with two neighbouring blocks (one planted in parallel and the other in a perpendicular direction) were evaluated in two periods. The exponential decay model was fitted to the HLB incidence at each distance in each block. Parameters from the model (a and b parameters) were similar between blocks planted in parallel (0.60 and 0.018 per metre, on average) and perpendicular (0.75 and 0.016 per metre, on average) planting directions. The total HLB incidence in blocks with a perpendicular planting direction (±30.3%) was higher than in blocks with a parallel planting direction (±22.8%). Overall, planting parallel to the orchard's edge is beneficial in reducing HLB incidence in orchards. This strategy can be integrated into HLB management programmes.
APLP2 is predominantly cleaved by β‐secretase and γ‐secretase in the human brain
Authors: Yanagida Kanta , Maruyama Riki , Tagami Shinji , Kudo Takashi , Okochi Masayasu , Fukumori Akio
Published: January 2023

Background

Amyloid‐β peptide is well‐known as a pathogen of Alzheimer's disease, but its precursor, amyloid‐beta precursor protein (APP), remains unexplained 30 years after its discovery. APP has two homologues called amyloid precursor‐like protein 1 (APLP1) and amyloid precursor‐like protein 2 (APLP2), and shares a similar structural organisation with them and has partially overlapping functions. APP family proteins are essential for survival, shown by the crossbreeding analysis of knockout mice of APP family molecules, including APLP1 and APLP2. APLP2 is known to play the most important role among them, but the molecular metabolism of APLP2 is only partially understood. Here, we analysed ectodomain shedding and γ‐secretase cleavage of APLP2 by molecular biological and biochemical techniques.

Method

We analysed the culture supernatant of HEK293 cells overexpressing APLP2 and human cerebrospinal fluid. For the analysis of secreted APLP2 fragments, we raised the OA603 antibody that reacts with the juxtamembrane domain of APLP2. Substrate cleavage sites were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry.

Results

By overexpressing in HEK293 cells, APLP2 undergoes ectodomain shedding at three sites in the extracellular region by α‐ and β‐secretase‐like activity and then is intramembranously cleaved at three sites by γ‐secretase. In particular, in shedding, α‐secretase‐like activity was dominant in HEK cells. Surprisingly, in human cerebrospinal fluid, APLP2‐derived metabolic fragments were mainly cleaved by β‐secretase‐like activity, not by α‐secretase‐like activity. Because APP is also mainly cleaved by beta‐site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 in neurons and APLP1 is expressed exclusively in neurons, these findings suggest that APP family proteins may play a common role via β‐secretase‐like cleavage in the central nerve system.

Conclusions

Thus, these findings may contribute to a better understanding of the role of APP family proteins in Alzheimer's disease.
Growth responses of 20 boreal forest species to oil sands non‐segregating tailings: significance for reclamation
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Qing , Fleurial Killian , Moawad Michelle , Vassov Robert , Macdonald S. Ellen , Zwiazek Janusz J.
Published: January 2023

Oil sands mining in northeastern Alberta, Canada, generates tailings containing sand, silt, clay, water, and residual bitumen with hydrocarbons. The impact of tailings on revegetation is a major environmental concern and poses a significant land reclamation challenge. Oil sands companies have recently developed technologies that use thickeners in combination with carbon dioxide to produce non‐segregating tailings (NST), to accelerate the consolidation of tailings while sequestering greenhouse gases. Effects of these tailings on plant re‐establishment have yet to be determined. We investigated the impact of NST on biomass and physiology of 20 boreal woody plant species grown in environmentally controlled growth rooms. The seedlings were grown for 8 weeks in NST capped with boreal forest topsoil or peat‐mineral soil mix or petroleum coke in 50‐cm‐long polyvinyl chloride pipes. We found that the biomass of balsam fir, beaked hazelnut, blueberry, green alder, Labrador tea, lowbush cranberry, paper birch, and raspberry was severely reduced by NST, while the effects on balsam poplar, Bebb's willow, chokecherry, dogwood, saskatoon, and white spruce were relatively weak. This was also the case for jack pine, which showed poor survival in NST. The negative impact of NST on plants can be largely explained by elevated sodium and decreased foliar nutrient concentrations. The impact of NST capping with petroleum coke on plant growth was non‐significant. Differences among species in their survival and biomass responses to NST appeared to be partly a reflection of their natural habitats. Findings from this study can help guide revegetation oil sands reclamation strategies.
The adaptation model of immunity: A new insight into aetiology and treatment of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Manjili Masoud H.
Published: January 2023

Current research and drug development for multiple sclerosis (MS) is fully influenced by the self–nonself (SNS) model of immunity, suggesting that breakage of immunological tolerance towards self‐antigens expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) is responsible for pathogenesis of MS; thus, immune suppressive drugs are recommended for the management of the disease. However, this model provides incomplete understanding of the causes and pathways involved in the onset and progression of MS and limits our ability to effectively treat this neurological disease. Some pre‐clinical and clinical reports have been misunderstood; some others have been underappreciated because of the lack of a theoretical model that can explain them. Also, current immunotherapies are guided according to the models that are not designed to explain the functional outcomes of an immune response. The adaptation model of immunity is proposed to offer a new understanding of the existing data and galvanize a new direction for the treatment of MS. According to this model, the immune system continuously communicates with the CNS through the adaptation receptors (AdRs) and adaptation ligands (AdLs) or co‐receptors, signal IV, to support cell growth and neuroplasticity. Alterations in the expression of the neuronal AdRs results in MS by shifting the cerebral inflammatory immune responses from remyelination to demyelination. Therefore, novel therapeutics for MS should be focused on the discovery and targeting of the AdR/AdL axis in the CNS rather than carrying on with immune suppressive interventions.
The culture of education regimes: Efficiency, equality and governance in education and social policy
Authors: Martin Cathie Jo , Pastore Matthew , Christiansen Peter Munk
Published: January 2023

Education has become a key tool for reducing inequality in the postindustrial economy; however, educational reformers must address tensions in goals of efficiency and equality. Cross‐national differences in cultural assumptions about education provide context for countries’ choices in resolving tensions between efficiency (developing skills) and equality (ensuring educational access for marginal workers). Cultural frames encourage actors to consider the role of education in solving social problems in strikingly different ways across countries. Britain and Denmark exemplify cross‐national variation in coping with efficiency and equality. I first demonstrate how cultural frames regarding education differ historically in Britain and Denmark in large corpora of literature from 1700 to 1920 (Martin, 2018). I show that British and Danish authors (as producers of culture) differ significantly in their depictions of education with respect to efficiency (skills), equality (perceptions of class and society) and governance (role of the state, assessment and coordination). I then report findings from an online internet survey of 2100 British and Danish young people that demonstrate the continuing divergence in cultural constructions of education in Britain and Denmark today. The survey reveals that the same cross‐national cultural distinctions apparent in the nineteenth‐century continue to resonate in contemporary views of education reform. The paper contributes by adding a cultural perspective to the factors driving diverse country choices about efficiency and equality in education policy, and it reinforces the importance of public opinion in policy choices. Moreover, the paper expands upon our understanding of Nordic social democracy from a historical perspective.
Multi‐unit building address geocoding: An approach without indoor location reference data
Authors: Nottrot Bas , Folmer Erwin , Roy Debraj , Scheer Bob , Merx Peter
Published: January 2023

Accurately mapped locations within multi‐unit properties are useful for several organizations in today's society. Published work on geocoding methods either require detailed location reference data or does not apply to multi‐unit buildings. In this research, a generalizable method is realized to map apartment addresses to their explicit locations without access to indoor location reference data based on publicly available address‐ and geospatial‐building information. The performance of this approach is measured by conducting a comparative study between a linear interpolation baseline and gradient‐boosted decision trees model. The proposed method can successfully geocode addresses across different building shapes and sizes. Furthermore, the model significantly outperforms the baseline in terms of positional accuracy proving the feasibility of approximating apartment locations by their address‐ and geospatial‐building information.
Impact of Sustainable Buildings in Arid Environment on the Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality: Workshop Report
Authors: Beitelmal AbdlMonem H. , Gonzalez-Cruz Jorge E. , Fountoukis Christos
Published: January 2023

Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI) hosted a workshop entitled “Impact of Sustainable Buildings in Arid Environment on the Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality,” held in Doha, Qatar, on May 17–19, 2022, co-funded by the Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF), and co-organized by City College of New York (CCNY). The workshop provided a premier interdisciplinary platform for local researchers and enablers to engage and exchange knowledge and experiences with international leading practitioners and subject matter experts in the fields of sustainable buildings, indoor and outdoor air quality, and the urban heat island phenomena. A diverse number of regional partners and stakeholders were represented. The workshop benefitted from a pool of invited international subject experts from various universities and entities. The outcome-driven workshop included breakout sessions where participants actively engaged in brainstorming discussions guided by facilitators. The discussions focused on driving impact in Qatar and beyond by examining the current research landscape and identifying collaborative opportunities. The short-term and long-term outcomes of potential initiatives and project proposals are outlined in this summary. An example of a short-term outcome is the proposed collaborative project to investigate the impact of almost doubling the state of Qatar’s population (over 1.5 million fans are expected to visit the country during the World Cup causing a shock to the system) on vital elements in the city, such as mobility, telecommunication services, and the local environment. In addition, multiple potential research proposals with international collaborations were proposed. A special issue on the subject in the Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities was recommended as an immediate actionable outcome.
Electric-Field and Mechanical Vibration-Assisted Atomic Force Microscope-Based Nanopatterning
Authors: Zhou Huimin , Jiang Yingchun , Ke Changhong , Deng Jia
Published: January 2023

Atomic force microscope (AFM)-based nanolithography is a cost-effective nanopatterning technique that can fabricate nanostructures with arbitrary shapes. However, existing AFM-based nanopatterning approaches have limitations in the patterning resolution and efficiency. Minimum feature size and machining performance in the mechanical force-induced nanofabrication process are limited by the radius and sharpness of the AFM tip. Electric-field-assisted atomic force microscope (E-AFM) nanolithography can fabricate nanopatterns with features smaller than the tip radius, but it is very challenging to find the appropriate input parameter window. The tip bias range in E-AFM process is typically very small and varies for each AFM tip due to the variations in tip geometry, tip end diameter, and tip conductive coating thickness. This paper demonstrates a novel electric-field and mechanical vibration-assisted AFM-based nanofabrication approach, which enables high-resolution (sub-10 nm toward sub-5 nm) and high-efficiency nanopatterning processes. The integration of in-plane vibration with the electric field increases the patterning speed, broadens the selectable ranges of applied voltages, and reduces the minimum tip bias required for nanopatterning as compared with E-AFM process, which significantly increases the versatility and capability of AFM-based nanopatterning and effectively avoids the tip damage.
Fabrication of Bioinspired Micro/Nano-Textured Surfaces Through Scalable Roll Coating Manufacturing
Authors: Black Benjamin , Chockalingam Sekkappan , Islam Md Didarul , Liu Sipan , Perera Himendra , Khan Saad , Ryu Jong Eun
Published: January 2023

Bio-inspired, micro/nanotextured surfaces have a variety of applications including superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, anti-icing, antibiofouling, and drag reduction. In this paper, a template-free and scalable roll coating process is studied for fabrication of micro/nanoscale topographies surfaces. These micro/nanoscale structures are generated with viscoelastic polymer nanocomposites and derived by controlling ribbing instabilities in forward roll coating. The relationship between process conditions and surface topography is studied in terms of shear rate, capillary number, and surface roughness parameters (e.g., Wenzel factor and the density of peaks). For a given shear rate, the sample roughness increased with a higher capillary number until a threshold point. Similarly, for a given capillary number, the roughness increased up to a threshold range associated with shear rate. A peak density coefficient (PDC) model is proposed to relate capillary number and shear rate to surface roughness. The optimum range of the shear rate and the capillary number was found to be 40–60 s−1 and 4.5 × 105–6 × 105, respectively. This resulted in a maximum Wenzel roughness factor of 1.91, a peak density of 3.94 × 104 (1/mm2), and a water contact angle (WCA) of 128 deg.
ParA’s Impact beyond Chromosome Segregation in Caulobacter crescentus
Authors: Menikpurage Inoka P. , Puentes-Rodriguez Stephanie G. , Elaksher Rawan A. , Mera Paola E.
Published: January 2023

The successful generation of a daughter cell containing a complete copy of the chromosome requires the exquisite coordination of major cell cycle events. Any mistake in this coordination can be lethal, making these processes ideal targets for novel antibiotics.
Abstracts from international emergency medicine journals
Authors: Production EMJ
Published: January 2023

Editor’s note: EMJ has partnered with the journals of multiple international emergency medicine societies to share from each a highlighted research study, as selected by their editors. This edition will feature an abstract from each publication.
SMEFT deviations
Authors: Camponovo Federico , Passarino Giampiero
Published: January 2023

This work is based on a bottom-up approach to the standard-model effective field theory (SMEFT), resulting in an equiprobable space of Wilson coefficients. The randomly generated Wilson coefficients of the SMEFT (in the Warsaw basis) are treated as pseudo-data and, for each observable, the corresponding probability density function is computed. The goal has been to understand how large are the deviations from the SM once the SMEFT scale ($$\Lambda $$Λ) and the range of the Wilson coefficients are selected. Correlations between different observables are also discussed.
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste: present and future
Authors: Franciosi Alfonso , Kiskinova Maya
Published: January 2023

We present an overview of the Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste research center, which hosts synchrotron and free-electron laser light sources. We review the current status, provide examples of recent achievements in basic and applied research and discuss the upgrade programs of the facility.
On Second-Order Semi-Differentiability of Index γ of Perturbation Maps in Parametric Vector Optimization Problems
Authors: Pham Thanh-Hung
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we prove that the Henig global proper efficient solution map and the Henig global proper efficient perturbation map of a parametric vector optimization problem are second-order semi-differentiable with index [Formula: see text] under some suitable qualification conditions. Several examples are given to illustrate the obtained results.
My Journey
Authors: Rorke-Adams Lucy Balian
Published: January 2023

This is the life story of Dr. Lucy B. Rorke-Adams, who was raised in the rural Midwest of the United States by Armenian immigrant parents during the Depression. The youngest in a family of five girls, she was lovingly nurtured by her parents and sisters. She was encouraged to become educated in order to lead a worthwhile life and contribute to society. She chose medicine, specifically the specialty of pediatric neuropathology, and over her long career succeeded in advancing the field. In particular, she made major contributions to understanding childhood brain tumors, central nervous system (CNS) malformations, and pathophysiology of abusive CNS injury in infants and children.
Investigation of Constant Stack Pressure on Lithium-Ion Battery Performance
Authors: Leonard Aiden , Planden Brady , Lukow Katie
Published: January 2023

Current research involving applying stack pressure to lithium-pouch cells has shown both performance and lifetime benefits. Fixtures are used to mimic this at the cell level and conventionally prescribe a constant displacement onto the cell. This increases stack pressure but also causes pressure to vary. Despite this, applying an initial stack pressure improves cell conductivity, as well as cell lifetime [1, 2]. In this paper, a fixture was designed that applies constant pressure to the cell independent of displacement. Thefixture uses pneumatics to apply a constant stack pressure independent of elastic andplastic swelling. Cells constrained by the constant pressure fixture (CPF) fixture anda conventional fixture (MBPF) were evaluated using a Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization (HPPC) test, to measure internal resistance and maximum deliverable power. Multiple stack pressures were applied to investigate differences in pressure variation and performance between constant pressure and constant displacement, while all tests were additionally compared to control tests with no applied stack pressure. The CPF reduced pressure variation during charging and discharging. revealing the performance effects of maintaining uniform pressure. Applying constant stack pressure reduced the discharge impedance and improved discharged power of the tested cell but did not improve charge performance. Additionally, all constraining methods reported lower internal resistance with maximum current compared to 50% maximum current. Discharge performance benefits from constant pressure could influence pack design to improve vehicle performance.
A Rare Case of Multifocal Asynchronous Benign Granular Cell Tumors with PIK3CA Subclonal Mutation Identified in One Tumor by Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Palmisano Tiago , Edmonston Tina Bocker , Holdbrook Thomas , Ren Shuyue
Published: January 2023

Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a benign neuroectodermal tumor typically in the dermis or subcutis, although deep soft tissues and organs are occasionally involved. Multifocal GCTs are estimated to occur as many as 10% of patients. A 40-year-old female presented with multiple GCTs asynchronously involving various body sites including gastrointestinal, gynecologic, breast, urinary, and soft tissue systems. Pathologic examinations suggested benign GCTs. TruSight Tumor 170 next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis performed on four resected tumors revealed subclonal mutation of PIK3CA p.H1047R identified in the esophageal GCT but not in the right vulva or the two cecal GCTs, suggesting that each is a primary tumor with a distinct genetic profile, rather than metastasis. PIK3CA p.H1047R is a common mutation in many cancers. Our benign GCT case demonstrates PIK3CA mutation with a low mutant allele frequency of 7%, which may represent an evolving subclone and might confer a more aggressive behavior.
Epitope Spreading: The Underlying Mechanism for Combined Membranous Lupus Nephritis and Anti-GBM Disease?
Authors: Sogbein Olusola , Kochar Tina , Afrouzian Marjan
Published: January 2023

Membranous lupus nephritis associated with anti-GBM antibodies is a rare entity, particularly in lupus nephritis patients who are serologically negative for ANA and anti-dsDNA with normal complement levels. We present an unusual case of a patient initially diagnosed with anti-GBM disease whose repeat biopsy demonstrated combined focal proliferative and membranous lupus nephritis (III + V). The first biopsy showed a granular linear pattern, and the second biopsy had multiple electron dense deposits in the subendothelial, epithelial, and mesangial regions along with podocyte effacement. Experimental research suggests that the sequential histopathological transition observed may reflect the action of immunological rearrangement and epitope spreading.