bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Two Surgical Approaches for Displaced Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fractures: The Modified Sinus Tarsi Approach Versus The Extensile Lateral Approach
Authors: Ma Chao , Zhao Jiaju , Yi Nan , Zhou Jupu , Zuo Zhicheng , Jiang Bo
Published: December 2020

Background: Displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACF) can seriously affect foot function. The conventional surgical approach is the extensile lateral approach (ELA), but it has a high incidence of complications. To reduce the complications associated with ELA, many minimally invasive approaches have been suggested. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy and complications of the ELA and a modified sinus tarsi approach (MSTA) for the treatment of DIACF.Methods: One-hundred eight patients (107 feet) with Sanders II~IV calcaneal fractures were retrospectively analysed, including 52 patients (56 feet) in the MSTA group and 56 patients (61 feet) in the ELA group. The functional and radiological results of the affected foot were analysed retrospectively. Functional evaluation included AOFAS, VAS, and SF-36. Radiological evaluation included preoperative and postoperative changes in the Bohler Angle, Gissane Angle, length, width, and height of the calcaneus. The postoperative complications were also collected and analysed. Results: The average AOFAS scores of the MSTA group and the ELA group were 80.57±7.80 and 77.34±8.29 (p=0.033), respectively. The postoperative VAS scores of the MSTA group and the ELA group were 1.66±0.98 and 2.03±0.98 (p=0.043), respectively. The postoperative SF-36-PCS score of the MSTA group was superior to that of the ELA group (77.91±5.03 vs. 74.20±5.07, p<0.000), while there was no significant difference in the SF-36-MCS score (74.84±7.77 vs 72.70±8.21, p=0.153). After surgery, the Bohler Angle, Gissane Angle, and the length, width, and height of the calcaneus were significantly improved in the MSTA group and the ELA group, but there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups. The incidence of wound healing complications in the MSTA group and the ELA group was 5.36% and 14.75% (p < 0.000). Sural nerve injury and subtalar arthritis complications were less common in the MSTA group than in the ELA group (p<0.000).Conclusion: For DIACF, the MSTA was able to achieve similar effects of anatomical reconstruction and postoperative foot function recovery as the ELA, while also effectively reducing the incidence of postoperative sural nerve injury and wound healing complications and shortening the length of hospital stay.
Imitating Hadron Production with PHIT
Authors: Shafigh AmirAbbas Eslami , Davoudifar Pante'a
Published: December 2020

We announce PHIT as a numerical model for simulating of hadroproduction and compare our results with other models and experimental data. Our code, although very simple, imitates the expected results acceptably compared to other more detailed physical models. Moreover, PHIT is fast and easily executable on an ordinary PC. These advantages make PHIT an ideal choice for practical applications of an event generator.
Global Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases Attributable to Dietary Risks in 1990-2019
Authors: Qiao Jie , Lin Xiling , Wu Yiwen , Huang Xin , Pan Xiaowen , Xu Jingya , Wu JunYun , Shan Peng-Fei , Ren Yuezhong
Published: December 2020

Background: Dietary risks raised attention around worldwide during the past decades. The aims of this burden-of-disease study were to evaluate the global dietary risks for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) from 1990 to 2019 and quantify their impact on mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study on deaths and DALYs from NCDs attributable to worldwide dietary risks were obtained and underwent deep analysis by year, age, gender, location, leading risks, and leading causes, and their associations were examined. The Socio-demographic Index (SDI) was used as an indicator of national socioeconomic status, and the relationships between age-standardized rates of deaths or DALYs and socioeconomic status. Results: In 2019, 7.9 million deaths and 187.7 million DALYs were attributable to dietary risk factors. High intake of sodium and low intake of whole grains and fruits were leading dietary risks for deaths and DALYs worldwide. However, both indexes showed a decreasing trend by year, an increase by age, and a higher disease burden in males. The main distribution of dietary-related NCDs was located in highly populated countries. A negative association between the SDI and disease burden, and a positive association between the SDI and male preponderance were found. Conclusions: Dietary risk factors for NCDs increased significantly and varied across regions during 1990-2019. Therefore, greater efforts are needed to raise public awareness of interventions and improve dietary practices to reduce the disease burden caused by suboptimal dietary intake, especially in developing countries and among males.
Impact of Dynamic Capacities on the Performance of Food and Beverage Enterprises in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Lin Zhou Lu , Ayegba James Onuche , Onu Emmanuel , James Peace Maina , Jie Zhang Xin
Published: December 2020

This study examined the impact of dynamic capacities on the performance of food and beverage enterprise in Lagos, Nigeria. The following sub-variables (strategic decision-making capacity, product innovation capacity, strategic flexibility, competitive intensity, technological turbulence, and technological capability) were employed to represent the variable of dynamic capacity. Also, the following sub-variables (sales growth, enterprise survival, enterprise efficiency and competitive advantage) were employed to represent the variable of enterprise performance. Primary data was used to achieve descriptive and inferential statistics, and the statistics is estimated by PLS-SEM method which was calibrated on Lisrel 8.70 software.This study found that product innovation, competitive intensity and technological turbulence, technological capability and competitive intensity, and strategic flexibility are critical sub-variables in determining the robustness of dynamic capacities, as they adequately improve increasing sales growth, survival and sustenance of enterprise into the unforeseeable future, efficiency of enterprise, and competitive advantage of food and beverage manufacturing enterprises respectively, particularly in this trying period that is evidenced with technological change, competition, among others.
Response of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer at Wag-Lasta Areas of Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia
Authors: Sebnie Workat , Esubalew Tilahun , Mengesha Merse
Published: December 2020

Background: Production and productivity of potato in Ethiopia is far below the world average due to soil fertility problem, pest, disease, and agronomic factors. Nutrient depletion due to soil erosion is a serious problem in Ethiopian highlands. Annually, 122 kg ha-1 nitrogen, 13 kg ha-1 phosphorous and 82 kg ha-1 potasium were estimated to deplete from Ethiopia (Haileslassie et al., 2005). The essential nutrients like, nitrogen and phosphorus are the most important influential nutrient for the production of potato but they are deficient in most Ethiopian soils and thus an application of these nutrients could increase significantly the crop yields. In this context, an experiment was conducted at Sekota and Lasta Lalibela districts (Woleh and Kechin Abeba irrigation command areas) of eastern Amhara, Ethiopia to investigate the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers for yield and yield component of potato under irrigation condition. Methods: Four rates of nitrogen (0, 46, 92, and 138 kg N kg ha-1) and four rates of phosphorus (0, 23, 46, and 69 Kg P2O5 kg ha-1) were combined in the factorial arrangement and laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results: The result of the study revealed that nitrogen and phosphorus had a significant effect on plant height, marketable, and total yield of potato at Kechin Abeba. But phosphorus did not show a significant effect on plant height and unmarketable yield at Sekota district of Woleh irrigation command area. The highest yield 45.55 t ha-1 was obtained from in combined application of 138 N and 23 P2O5 in Lalibela and 17.12 t ha-1 was obtained from in combined application of 138 N kg ha-1 and 46 P2O5 kg ha-1 from Sekota districts of Woleh irrigation command area. Conclusion: The application of 138 kg ha-1 N with 23 kg ha-1 P2O5 is the appropriate rates for optimum productivity of Potato at Lalibela (Kechin Abeba) and Sekota (Woleh) irrigation schemes and the same agro-ecology.
Sociodemographic and lifestyle correlates of exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers on antiretroviral therapy in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: GOON PROF DANIEL TER , Ajayi Anthony Idowu , ADENIYI OLADELE VINCENT
Published: December 2020

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is associated with a reduction of postnatal HIV transmission and optimal infant growth. Given that the factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding are multi-factorial and context-specific, we examined the prevalence and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice in the first six months among mothers on antiretroviral therapy in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted between January – May 2018 on 469 parturient women enlisted in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission cohort study in the Eastern Cape. Exclusive breastfeeding was defined as infant feeding with breast milk only. We collected relevant sociodemographic, lifestyle and maternal information by interview. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were fitted to determine the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice.Results: Exclusive breastfeeding for six months was practised by a few women (32.0%). The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was significantly higher among married women (36.8%), unemployed women (36.6%), non-smokers (32.7%) and those who never drank alcohol (37.0%). Unemployed women [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.66, 95% Confidence Interval CI): 1.08-2.56] and those with grade 12 or less level of education (AOR =2.76, 95% CI: 1.02-7.49) had a higher likelihood of practising EBF for six months while mothers who consumed alcohol (AOR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34-0.85) were less likely to practice EBF for six months. Conclusions: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in the study, although comparable with sub-Saharan Africa and worldwide prevalence, remain suboptimal. Advocacy campaign on exclusive breastfeeding must target alcohol cessation and the creation of a favourable workplace environment for lactating mothers.
High turnover in clinical dietetics: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Hewko Sarah J , Oyesegun Amirah , Clow Samantha , VanLeeuwen Charlene
Published: December 2020

Background: Relationships between dietitians and other healthcare providers can impact the degree to which patient care is collaborative; inefficient communication can lead to suboptimal care. It takes time for multidisciplinary team members to build collaborative, trusting relationships. For this reason, frequent dietitian turnover is of concern. Consequences include fewer referrals to clinical dietetic services and limited provider continuity. The characteristics of clinical dietetic jobs associated with high turnover have not been identified. We predicted that managers would identify disease prestige as having an impact. In this study, we aimed to explore: 1) characteristics of clinical dietetic jobs associated with the highest turnover, and 2) consequences of high turnover on patients and managers of clinical dietitians. Methods: Research assistants conducted semi-structured interviews with ten managers of clinical dietitians in the Canadian public healthcare system. We employed a constant comparative approach to thematic analysis. We classified themes related to turnover as either avoidable or unavoidable. Results: Sub-themes under avoidable turnover included lack of manager support, growth opportunities, burnout/workload, tension/conflict and hours of work. Sub-themes under unavoidable turnover included life-stage/life-events and geography. We also identified themes related to consequences of turnover, including: burnout/workload, client/patient impact, tension/conflict, cost and gap-specific. As predicted, prestige was perceived as playing a role in triggering dietitian turnover. Managers observed high turnover resulting in low provider continuity and limiting patient access to dietitians. Conclusions: Managers of publicly-employed dietitians identified many factors as contributing to high turnover. Future prospective research, incorporating the objective measure of turnover and multi-method analysis of work characteristics and work setting, would be of value in the identification of characteristics of clinical dietetic jobs associated with high turnover and the consequences of high turnover on patients and managers of these staff.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of pelvic lesions via the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract approaches
Authors: Mita Naoki , Iwashita Takuji , Senju Akihiko , Ichikawa Hironao , Iwasa Yuhei , Yasuda Ichiro , Shimizu Masahito
Published: December 2020

Background: Combining upper and lower gastrointestinal tract (GI) approaches allows expansion of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) indications for pelvic lesions. The upper GI approach has been used for pelvic lesions around the level of the aortoiliac bifurcation in our institution. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of EUS-FNA for pelvic lesions via the upper and lower GI approaches. Methods: All consecutive patients who underwent EUS-FNA for the pelvic lesion between January 2008 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Pelvic lesions were defined as lesions located around and below the aortoiliac bifurcation level. The primary outcome was technical success rate, and the secondary outcomes were the diagnostic capability of EUS-FNA for malignancy and the safety.Results: EUS-FNA for pelvic lesions was performed in 49 patients: upper and lower GI approaches were used in 28 and 21 patients, respectively. The technical success rates were 91.8% (45/49) in all patients: 89.3% (25/28) and 95.2% (20/21) with the upper and lower GI approaches, respectively. Among patients who achieved technical success, the diagnostic accuracy for malignancy was 97.8% (44/45) in all patients:100% (25/25) and 95.0% (19/20) with the upper and lower GI approaches, respectively. One (2.0%) patient developed an adverse event of sigmoid colon perforation.Conclusions: EUS-FNA for pelvic lesions via the upper and lower GI approaches was a safe, feasible, and effective method, although careful endoscopic manipulation is required to avoid perforation, especially with the lower GI approach. Further large-scale, well-designed studies are needed to validate our findings.
Whole genomic comparative analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 isolates causing invasive and non-invasive infections among children under 5 years in Casablanca, Morocco
Authors: Nzoyikorera Néhémie , Diawara Idrissa , Fresia Pablo , Maaloum Fakhreddine , Katfy Khalid , Nayme Kaotar , Maaloum Mossaab , Cornick Jennifer , Chaguza Chrispin , Timinouni Mohammed , Belabess Houria , Zerouali Khalid , Elmdaghri Naima
Published: December 2020

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 remains a leading cause of invasive pneumococcal diseases, even in countries with PCV-10/PCV-13 vaccine implementation. The main objective of this study, which is part of the Pneumococcal African Genome project (PAGe), was to determine the phylogenetic relationships of serotype 1 isolates recovered from children patients in Casablanca (Morocco), compared to these from other African countries; and to investigate the contribution of accessory genes and recombination events to the genetic diversity of this serotype.Results: The genome average size of the six-pneumococcus serotype 1 from Casablanca was 2,227,119 bp, and the average content of coding sequences was 2113, ranging from 2041 to 2161. Pangenome analysis of the 80 genomes used in this study revealed 1685 core genes and 1805 accessory genes. The phylogenetic tree based on core genes and the hierarchical bayesian clustering analysis revealed five sublineages with a phylogeographic structure by country. The Moroccan strains cluster in two different lineages, the five invasive strains clusters altogether in a divergent clade distantly related to the non-invasive strain, that cluster with all the serotype 1 genomes from Africa.Conclusions: The whole genome sequencing provides increased resolution analysis of the highly virulent serotype 1 in Casablanca, Morocco. Our results are concordant with previous works, showing that the phylogeography of S. pneumoniae serotype 1 is structured by country, and despite the small size (six isolates) of the Moroccan sample, our analysis shows the genetic cohesion of the Moroccan invasive isolates.
Development and implementation of a patient assistance fund: A descriptive study
Authors: Soffe Burke W. , Miranda Justine E. , Fang Jenny , Epperson Daniel G. , Lara Roberto A. , Williamson Hazel L. , Lipsky Martin S.
Published: December 2020

Background: The purpose of this descriptive study is to outline the Roseman University of Health Sciences (RUHS) College of Dental Medicines’ Patient Assistance Fund development, organization and outcomes. The description and reported results provide insight to others considering similar health professions programs.Methods: The Patient Assistance Fund (PAF) affords dental students an opportunity to petition for and obtain financial assistance for their most disadvantaged patients. In this study, two sources of data were collected and used with a quantitative analysis for data collected as part of the PAFs operation and a qualitative analysis to evaluate the patient experiences.Results: A total of 16 student advocates, consisting of 6 males and 10 females from the D3 and D4 classes made 26 presentations to the PAF board committee. The combined amount requested from the PAF was $47,428.00 (“Cost of Treatment Plan”) representing an average request per patient of $1,824.15 (range $324.00 to $4070.00). The approved procedures and treatment plans totaled $21,278.36 (“Cost of Approved Procedures”) with an average of $818.40 (range $204.00 to $2434.00) per patient. Patients and students expressed a high degree of satisfaction with the program.Conclusions: This study provides an overview of the structure, funding sources, expenditures and patient services supported by a dental student managed patient assistance fund. The experiences at RUHS College of Dental Medicine (CODM) suggest that other healthcare professions schools can develop similar type programs that yield benefit both to students and to patients in need. Trial Registration: Not applicable
Inhibitory effects of Camellia japonica on cell inflammation and acute rat reflux esophagitis
Authors: Nam Hyeon Hwa , Nan Li , Choo Byung Kil
Published: December 2020

Background: Excessive and continuous inflammation may be the main cause of various immune system diseases. Reflux esophagitis (RE) is a common gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Camellia japonica has high medicinal value and has long been used as a traditional herbal hemostatic medicine in China and Korea. The purpose of this study is to explore the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of CJE and its protective effect on RE.Materials and methods: Buds from C. japonica plants were collected in the mountain area of Jeju, South Korea. Dried C. japonica buds were extracted with 75% ethanol. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay were evaluated according to previous method. The ROS production and anti-inflammatory effects of C. japonica buds ethanol extract (CJE) were evaluated on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell inflammation. The protective effects of CJE on RE were conducted in a RE rat model. Results: CJE eliminated over 50% of DPPH and ABTS radical at concentration of 100 and 200 μg/mL, respectively. CJE alleviated changes in cell morphology, reduced production of ROS, NO and IL-1β. Also, down-regulated expression levels of iNOS, TNF-α, phosphorylated NF-κB, IκBα, and JNK/p38/MAPK. CJE reduced esophageal tissue damage ratio (40.3%) and attenuation of histological changes. In addition, CJE down-regulated the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2 and phosphorylation levels of NF-κB and IκBα in esophageal tissue. Conclusions: CJE possesses good anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory activity, and can improve RE in rats caused by gastric acid reflux. Therefore, CJE is a natural material with good anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and has the possibility of being a candidate phytomedicine source for the treatment of RE.
Monitoring the nitrogen nutrition status of rice plants using spectral and image technologies
Authors: Chun Ye , Zhong Liu Ji , Ying Liu , Da Li Yan , Sheng Cao Zhong , Huang Huang
Published: December 2020

Background: We aimed to investigate methods to estimate the nitrogen (N) nutrition status of rice plants using data obtained using a digital camera and a spectroradiometer. The overall aim was to compare the advantages and potential of image technology and spectral technology to monitor rice N indexes accurately, inexpensively, and in real time to optimize fertilization strategies. Realizing the technical selection of definite spectrum or image diagnosis aiming at different rice nitrogen nutrition indexes. We conducted field trials of rice plants grown with different levels of N fertilizer in 2018 to 2019. Spectral information and images of the rice canopy were obtained, various image and spectral characteristic parameters were selected to construct models to estimate rice N status.Results: The determination coefficients of the models constructed using the ratio vegetation index (RVI[800,550]) and cover canopy (CC) as dependent variables were most significant. Among the models using spectral parameters, those constructed using RVI[800,550] to estimate rice N indexes had the obviously coefficient of determination (R2) values, which were 0.69, 0.58, and 0.65 for the models to estimate leaf area index(LAI), aboveground biomass(AGB), and plant N accumulation(PNA). As for image parameter, those using CC to predict rice N indexes showed the highest R2 values (0.76, 0.65, and 0.71 for the models to estimate LAI, AGB, and PNA, respectively) (P < 0.01). The model using the spectral parameter RVI[800,550] had a good fit and stability in estimating plant nitrogen accumulation (R2 = 0.65, root mean square error (RMSE) = 1.35 g·m-2, relative RMSE (RRMSE) = 14.05%), and the model using the image parameter CC had a good fit in predicting leaf area index (R2 = 0.76, RMSE = 0.28, RRMSE = 7.26%) and aboveground biomass (R2 = 0.65, RMSE = 22.03 g·m-2, RRMSE = 7.52%). Different detection technology should be adopted for different rice varieties and rice N nutrition indexes. Conclusions: Spectral and image parameters can be used as technical parameters to estimate rice N status. The spectral parameter RVI[800,550] can be used to accurately estimate plant nitrogen accumulation, and the image parameter CC can be used to accurately estimate leaf area index and aboveground biomass.
A method for experimental warming of developing tree seeds with a common garden demonstration of seedling responses
Authors: Von Moler Ehren Reid , Page Gerald , Flores-Renteria Lluvia , Garms Cory , Hull Julia , Cooper Hillary , Swenson Jared , Perks Sean , Waring Kristen Marie , Whipple Amy Vaughn
Published: December 2020

BackgroundForest dieback driven by rapid climate warming threatens ecosystems worldwide. The health of forested ecosystems depends on how tree species respond to warming during all life history stages. While it is known that seed development is temperature-sensitive, little is known about possible effects of climate warming on seed development and subsequent seedling performance. Exposure of seeds to high air temperatures may influence subsequent seedling performance negatively, though conversely, warming during seed development may aid acclimation of seedlings to subsequent thermal stress. Technical challenges associated with in-situ warming of developing tree seeds limit understanding of how tree species may respond to seed development in a warmer climate. ResultsWe developed and validated a simple method for passively warming seeds as they develop in tree canopies to enable controlled study of climate warming on seedling performance. We quantified thermal effects of the cone-warming method across individual pine trees and stands by measuring the air temperature surrounding seed cones using thermal loggers and the temperature of seed cone tissue using thermocouples. We then investigated seedling phenotypes in relation to the warming method through a common garden study. We assessed seedling morphology, physiology, and mycorrhizal nodulation in response to experimental cone-warming in 20 seed-source-tree canopies on the San Francisco Peaks in northern Arizona, USA. The warming method increased air temperature surrounding developing seed cones by 2.1◦C, a plausible increase in mean air temperature by 2050 under current climate projections. Notable effect sizes of cone-warming were detected for seedling root length, shoot length, and diameter at root collar using Cohen’s Local f 2. Root length was most affected by cone-warming, however, effect sizes of cone-warming on root length and diameter at root collar became negligible after the first year of growth. Cone-warming had small but significant effects on mycorrhizal fungal richness and seedling multispectral near-infrared indices indicative of plant health.ConclusionsThe method was shown to reliably elevate the temperature surrounding seed cones and thereby facilitate experimental in-situ climate warming research on forest trees. The method was furthermore shown to influence plant traits that may affect seedling performance under climate warming.
Anais I Simpósio Internacional de Pesquisa em Cuidados Paliativos
Authors: Garcia Ana Cláudia Mesquita , Bolela Fabiana , Pessalacia Juliana Dias Reis , Souza Ana Carolina de , Paiva Eliza Mara das Chagas , Santos Fernando Ribeiro dos , Souza Morgana Praxedes de , Aguilera Tabitha Raisa Kiselar
Published: December 2020

Caro(a) Leitor(a),

A partir de uma parceria entre docentes da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campus Três Lagoas (CPTL), Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (EERP-USP) e Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG) foi realizado o I Simpósio Internacional de Pesquisa em Cuidados Paliativos, direcionado a docentes, pesquisadores, graduandos, pós-graduandos e profissionais da área da saúde. O evento ocorreu nos dias 23 e 24 de outubro de 2020, online, com carga horária total de 16 horas.

Com objetivo de fomentar o conhecimento acerca da pesquisa em Cuidados Paliativos no Brasil e no contexto mundial; possibilitar o intercâmbio de experiências entre diferentes grupos de pesquisa e pesquisadores na temática dos Cuidados Paliativos; alavancar a cooperação entre grupos e pesquisadores na temática no país; promover o conhecimento sobre os diferentes métodos de pesquisa na temática; possibilitar a reflexão sobre as questões éticas envolvendo a pesquisa em Cuidados Paliativos; estimular a abordagem da temática na pós-graduação stricto sensu e instigar discussões sobre os desafios para a pesquisa em Cuidados Paliativos no país. Participaram pesquisadores com expressiva produção científica e experiência na temática da Pesquisa em Cuidados Paliativos. Além disso, o evento contou com a participação de palestrantes estrangeiros, fortalecendo-se a proposta de internacionalização das ações universitárias.

Comissão Orgnizadora - I Simpósio Internacional de Pesquisa em Cuidados Paliativos/2020.
Tema sveučilišta u Crnim bilježnicama Martina Heideggera
Authors: Radojčić Saša
Published: December 2020

Bilješke koje je Martin Heidegger unosio u takozvane »crne bilježnice« potakle su, netom nakon objavljivanja, intenzivne diskusije, osobito oko pitanja antisemitizma i nacionalsocijalizma. Je li se Heideggerova osobna naklonost ka ovim ideologijama odrazila i na njegovo filozofsko djelo? U ovom ogledu razmatra se jedna, s ovim pitanjima povezana, važna tema u Crnim bilježnicama – tema sveučilišta. Ona postaje frekventnija u tri navrata, obilježena značajnim događajima u Heideggerovoj profesionalnoj biografiji: preuzimanjem funkcije rektora sveučilišta u Freiburgu (1933.), napuštanjem te funkcije (1934.) te isključenjem iz nastave u sklopu poratne denacifikacije Njemačke (1945.). Pokazuje se da shvaćanje sveučilišta u Crnim bilježnicama odgovara idejama predočenim u Heideggerovu rektorskom govoru, kao i da to shvaćanje nije jednako nacionalsocijalističkom, već izražava filozofovo »narodnjačko« misaono usmjerenje. Iako posjeduje neke elemente vokabulara koji su bili prisutni u nacističkoj propagandi, Heidegger svoje stavove o stvarnosti i budućnosti sveučilišta integrira s drugim svojim idejama – kritikom svođenja znanja na tehničke aspekte, kritikom izoliranja znanosti u samostalna područja i uopće kritikom zapadnjačkog mišljenja.
Slika suvremenog odgojitelja u paradigmi ranog i predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja
Authors: Pintar Željka
Published: December 2020

U radu se tematizira preobrazba tradicionalnog odgojitelja biheviorističke odgojno-obrazovne paradigme, svojstvene socijalističkom razdoblju u Republici Hrvatskoj, u suvremenog odgojitelja, zagovornika konstruktivističkog odgojno-obrazovnog koncepta, svojstvenog razdoblju demokratskog života u istom kontekstu. U radu se nastoji uputiti na ključne razlike između tradicionalnog i suvremenog odgojitelja, a ujedno i na njihove srodnosti, kako bi se bolje razumjela očekivanja i kriteriji za procjenu uspješnosti djelovanja u aktualnoj odgojno- obrazovnoj djelatnosti. Tematizira se implicitna pedagogija kao odgojiteljeva subjektivna odgojno-obrazovna teorija te se ukazuje na opravdanost shvaćanja implicitne pedagogije kao ključnog konstrukta odgojno-obrazovnog koncepta. Također se upućuje i na važnost refleksivne prakse kao sastavnice odgojiteljeva profesionalnoga razvoja te se problematizira provedba akcijskih istraživanja kao instrumenta razvoja odgojiteljeve djelatnosti.
Međuvršnjački prijateljski odnosi u razrednom odjelu
Authors: Kolak Ante , Markić Ivan
Published: December 2020

Ovaj rad usmjeren je na proučavanje prijateljskih odnosa unutar razrednog odjela. Odnosi među vršnjacima izuzetno su važni u školskom razdoblju, a nedostatak ili trajne teškoće u prijateljskim odnosima mogu se reflektirati na uspjeh učenika, usvajanje nastavnih sadržaja, sliku učenika o sebi, socijalni status i socijalni uspjeh itd. Cilj empirijskog dijela rada je ispitati kvalitetu prijateljskih odnosa unutar razrednog odjela u kategoriji ‘najbolji prijatelj’. Iz cilja istraživanja proizašla su tri istraživačka pitanja: Kakav je profil prijateljskih odnosa u kategoriji ‘najbolji prijatelj’? Kako izgleda hijerarhijska struktura dimenzija kvalitete prijateljstva u ponuđenim kategorijama? Koje karakteristike opisuju najboljeg prijatelja i idealnog prijatelja? Rezultati istraživanja utvrđuju dva profila: opći te profil blizine i roditeljske uključenosti. Utvrđivanje hijerarhijske strukture ukazalo je na važnost brige i priznanja (dječaci) te pouzdanosti i rješavanja problema (djevojčice). Vrh hijerarhijske ljestvice zauzimaju dimenzije priznanja i pouzdanosti. Kao najznačajnije karakteristike koje opisuju najboljeg prijatelja ističu se razgovor i zajedničko provođenje vremena, povjeravanje i pomoć, a u idealnom prijateljstvu izdvajaju se moralne vrijednosti prijatelja.
PDA Language for Dynamic Analysis of Cryptographic Protocols
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Babenko Liudmila , Pisarev Ilya ,   Southern Federal University
Published: December 2020

Purpose of the article: development of an algorithm for dynamic analysis of the source codes of cryptographic protocols using the PDA language for the possibility of using your own attack models. Method: a source code generation method was used to simulate the attacker’s side when transmitting messages between legal parties according to the Dolev-Yao model. The method of false termination is also used, which is used in dynamic analysis and allows detecting attacks during simulation. Results: this paper presents the PDA language for dynamic analysis of the source codes of cryptographic protocols. An approach to dynamic analysis based on the principle of false termination is described. The process of modeling an active attack by an intruder is presented. The elements of the PDA language are described and an example of the description of the test protocol in this language is given. A test protocol in the C# programming language has been implemented. The effectiveness of the dynamic analysis was tested by simulating a replay attack. The security verification of the test cryptographic protocol was carried out using the well-known verification tools Scyther and Avispa. The comparison of the main indicators of the known means and the dynamic protocol analyzer proposed by the authors is carried out. The main advantages of the approach proposed by the authors are presented. The further direction of work is described.
The Problem of Selecting Computing Processes that Provide Information Protection for Servers of a Distributed System and Algorithms for its Solution
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Bykov Alexander , Krygin Ivan ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Grishunin Maxim ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: December 2020

Purpose: providing information security on servers of various destinations of an automated system based on the formulation of an optimization task setting for selecting auxiliary processes for information protection, developing and researching algorithms for solving this problem. Method: To solve the problem, the authors propose two exact algorithms for incomplete search with exponential computational complexity, based on the ideas of the Balash method. One algorithm starts with a solution consisting of all ones, and the second algorithm starts with a solution consisting of all zeros. Also proposed are two approximate algorithms with polynomial complexity, based on the ideas of the “greedy” algorithm, one algorithm starts the search from a zero solution, the other from all-one solution. Result: Mathematical model and algorithms for solving the problem of selecting processes to protect information in conditions of limited computing resources of servers. The process selection model is a Boolean programming problem with a non-linear quality indicator and linear constraints. The indicator provides an estimate of the damage prevented when using the selected processes, taking into account the probability or possibility of various attacks on servers, the value of stored data, and the probability of protection from attacks using processes. During the experiments, recommendations were developed for choosing one of two algorithms (search starting from the zero solution and search starting from all-one solution) among pairs of exact and approximate algorithms depending on the availability of resources in order to reduce the time to solve the problem.
Strategic Risks and Problems of Cyber Security
Authors:   Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Romashkina Nataliya , Stefanovich Dmitry ,   Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

Purpose: To identify the current strategic stability problems associated with the destructive impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) on the basis of analysis and systematization according to various parameters of cyber risks and threats to international security and global stability that can reduce the level of strategic stability and to develop relevant proposals that can lay the foundation for creation of a deterrence policy in the ICT domain. Research method: analysis, synthesis and scientific forecasting, expert assessment, comparative analysis of the cyber domain within the framework of a systematic approach. Result: the article presents analysis and systematization risks and threats to international security and global stability emanating from the cyber sphere according to various parameters. The article proves the impact of the accelerated development of information and communication technologies (ICT) on strategic stability, and that ensuring the cybersecurity of nuclear weapons requires special attention. The global problems of strategic stability at the current stage are posed and the conclusions are that the protection of strategic weapons, early warning systems, air and missile defense, communications, command and control over nuclear weapons from harmful ICTs are the pressing global problems of our time. Specific scenarios of cyber threats leading to a decrease in the level of strategic stability below the necessary and sufficient level have been elaborated, and proposals have been formulated to minimize the corresponding escalation threats. Proposed measures can become a basis for a deterrence policy in the ICT domain, as it was done during the period of bipolarity with regard to nuclear weapons, and become the foundation for broader international agreements on arms control in the so-called nuclear information space of the future.
NEUROREHABILITATION WITH THE USE OF ARM EXOSKELETON CONTROLLED BY A BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE: IMPLEMENTED INTERDISCIPLINARY PROJECT
Authors:   Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, Moscow, Birukova E.V. , Bobrov P.D. ,   Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, Moscow
Published: December 2020

The paper outlines an interdisciplinary project on development of a brain-computer controlling arm exoskeleton suitable for rehabilitation of stroke patients.
APPLICATION OF GRAVITATIONAL CORRECTION TECHNOLOGIES IN MOTOR REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Gusev E.I. , Gueht A.B. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Tomilovskaya E.S. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Galanov D.V. ,   City Clinical Hospital named after V.M. Buyanov, Moscow, Avdeeva М.А. ,   Moscow Health Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center named after Z.P. Solovyov
Published: December 2020

The review dwells upon efficiency of the therapeutic axial loading suit in rehabilitation of stroke patients with motor disorders. The results of investigations showed that exercises in TALS diminish the neurological deficit, help forward recovery, and favor to functional and social re-adaptation.
ORIENTATION IN SPACE, VESTIBULAR FUNCTION AND OCULAR TRACKING IN THE CHANGED GRAVITATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Moscow, Kornilova L.N.
Published: December 2020

The paper reports results of the author's sensorimotor physiology studies made under the guidance of I.B.Kozlovskaya. The vestibular function and ocular tracking tests were performed by more than 100 cosmonauts prior to and after long-term missions to the Mir and International space station. Fifty two of them implemented these tests between mission days 129 to 215. We studies orientation illusions, spontaneous eye movements, static vestibulo-ocular response to head turns (static otolith-cervical reflex), dynamic vestibulo-ocular reactions to the head roll about the body axis, precision of fixational eye movements, and smooth tracking. Results of testing in the real changed gravity were compared with the data from 7 to 21-day simulation studies in horizontal dry immersion. The tests revealed 4 forms of vestibular disorders characterized by disturbances of spatial perception, orientation illusions, inversions of vection illusions, weakening of static and strengthening of dynamic vestibulo-ocular reactions, a new visual tracking strategy termed a saccadic approximation, that is the gaze approaches or tracks a target using a series of saccadic movements. In addition, the tests made it possible to specify the impact of afferentation deficit (sensory deprivation) on accuracy of ocular and ocular-manual tracking and validate additional sensory stimulation as a method to counteract the effects of sensory deprivation in real and simulated microgravity.
ROLE(S) OF GRAVITATIONAL LOADING ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROMUSCULAR PROPERTIES
Authors:   Research Center for Space and Medical Sciences, Japan, Kawano F. , Ohira T. ,   Research Center for Space and Medical Sciences, Japan, Goto K. ,   Research Center for Space and Medical Sciences, Japan, Ohira Y. ,   Research Center for Space and Medical Sciences, Japan
Published: December 2020

The roles of gravitational load or anti-gravitational muscular activities on the growth and development of motor function and/or anti-gravity muscle, soleus, had been investigated. In this review, the responses of growth-associated changes in swimming [1, 2] and/or surface righting performance [3], spatial learning and memory functions [4], and hippocampal neurogenesis [5] or protein expression [6] to hindlimb unloading (HU) by hindlimb suspension or spaceflight during neonatal growing period in rats were discussed. Effects on the morphological and contractile properties, distribution of neuromuscular junction in single muscle fibers, sampled from tendon-to-tendon, and roles of satellite cells and myonuclei in the regulation of these properties [7–9] were also reviewed.
SPACE RESEARCHES AND NEW CONCEPTS IN THE PHYSIOLOGY OF MOVEMENTS
Authors:   Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute) of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Levik Yu.S.
Published: December 2020

The paper has the objective to analyze contributions of the schools of thought developed by Inessa B. Kozlovskaya and Viktor S. Gurfinkel to the physiology of movements in space. Their investigations became a source of new concepts in place of some obsolescent theories and found practical implementations in space, and also on Earth for rehabilitation of patients, specifically.
The Importance of Rhodanine Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Mermer Arif
Published: December 2020

:

After the clinical use of epalrestat that contains a rhodanine ring, in type II diabetes mellitus
and diabetic complications, rhodanin-based compounds have become an important class of heterocyclic
in the field of medicinal chemistry. Various modifications to the rhodanine ring have led to a
broad spectrum of biological activity of these compounds. Synthesis of rhodanine derivatives, depended
on advenced throughput scanning hits, frequently causes potent and selective modulators of
targeted enzymes or receptors, which apply their pharmacological activities through different mechanisms
of action. Rhodanine-based compounds will likely stay a privileged scaffold in drug discovery
because of different probability of chemical modifications of the rhodanine ring. We have, therefore
reviewed their biological activities and structure activity relationship.
Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and the Role of Vitamins, and Herbal Extracts in the Reduction of Cardiovascular Risks
Authors: Kumar Ravindra , Malik Sujata , Tiwari Reena , Zhautivova Saule B. , Rakhimovna Abdikadirova H. , Raj Tilak , Kumar Punit
Published: December 2020

Background:

Heart disease (cardiovascular disease: CVD) is considered the leading
cause of worldwide death. These diseases are recognized as group of disorders which are related to
heart and blood vessels. Generally, heart diseases are considered life style associated diseases but
many other factors are also found associated with cardiovascular diseases.

Objective:

The aim of this review is to provide the till date information regarding local and circulatory
disorders, role of different vitamins and herbs on heart diseases.

Methods:

This review article contains a detailed survey of literature about cardiovascular diseases,
which was available in different online databases such as; PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct,
Elsevier, and Google Scholar, etc. In this review, the authors have focused on the description
of cardiovascular disorders, their pathophysiological properties and importance of micronutrients,
vitamins and herbs in the management of cardiovascular diseases.

Results:

Cardiovascular diseases are considered responsible for approximately 17.9 million deaths
annually at the global level. Surprisingly, low- and middle-income countries count for 75% of
CVD deaths. These diseases represent disorders related to circulatory systems specially heart and
coronary arteries. Many lifestyle associated factors such as; high cholesterol consumption, smoking,
alcohol consumption, tobacco use, metabolic disorders, stress, and other factors such as; family
history, age, gender and genetic factors, etc. have been found involved in occurrence of CVDs.
That’s why management of diet, management of tobacco and alcohol consumption, management of
stress, increased physical activities are considered population-wide strategies for control cardiovascular
diseases. On the basis of pathophysiology, heart diseases are of many types and out of them,
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) are considered serious and
catastrophic cardiac disorders. Intake of vitamins, micronutrients, lycopene, omega 3 fatty acid and
many herbs like Crataegus oxyacantha (Hawthron), Allium sativum (garlic), Salvia miltiorrhiza
(Danshen), Ganoderma lucidum (lingzhi), Ginkgo biloba have been identified good for cardiovascular
diseases management and treatment.

Conclusion:

Cardiovascular diseases are considered one of the fatal clinical conditions, as many of
them are asymptomatic. The regulation of diet, increased physical activities, and healthy lifestyle
are recommended to control the development of cardiovascular problems. Including this, scientific
studies have supported the role of many vitamins, nutrients and herbs as beneficial in cardiovascular
diseases, but many of them could not demonstrate their role at clinical level but it is suggested
that their role as nutrients can not be ignored and their consumption may reduce the cardiovascular
risks.