bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS COLLECTION STRAINS ISOLATED IN SOUTH SIBERIA (1950 -2015)
Authors: Balakhonov S. V. , Kulikalova E. S. , Mazepa A. V. , Syngeeva A. K. , Ostyak A. S. , Mikhailov E. P. , Eshelkin I. I. , Shestakov V. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study taxonomic belonging of collection strains of tularemia causative agent based on proteomic and molecular-genetic methods of identification. Materials and methods. 23 strains of tularemia were used in the study, isolated from Krasnoyarsk region and Altai Republic from 1950 to 2015. FT-agar was used for the cultivation. Spectra for time-of-flight mass-spectrometry were collected using Microflex LT (Bruker Daltonics, Germany) and analyzed compared with previously collected enhanced database of MALDI Biotyper 3.0. PC R with specific primers was carried out with electrophoretic visualization of results in real time. Results. F. tularensis strains isolated from south of western Siberia from 1950 to 2010 were established to belong to subspecies holarctica, and 56.3% of those - erythromycin sensitive (1 biovar Erys), the rest - erythromycin-resistant (II biovar EryR). 7 strains isolated after 2011 by citrulline ureidase activity, cleavage of glycerin and presence of pdpA and pdpD fragments of pathogenicity island (FP1) were determined as Central Asian subspecies. Conclusion. Results of a retrospective study of biological properties of tularensis strains isolated from south Siberia have shown the lack of Central Asian subspecies tularemia causative agent in the collection of Irkutsk Institute for Plague Control before 2011. Detection of this subspecies in Russian Federation gives evidence on the necessity to study and analyze problems of epidemiology, ecology and epizootology of Central Asian subspecies tularemia causative agent as well as determination of borders of its spread.
IMMUNOLOGIC ASPECTS OF PHAGE THERAPY OF INFECTIONS RELATED TO MEDICAL CARE IN NEUROREANIMATION
Authors: Bochkareva S. S. , Aleshkin A. V. , Ershova O. N. , Novikova L. I. , Afanasiev S. S. , Kiseleva I. A. , Zulkarneev E. R. , Rubalsky E. O. , Borisova O. Yu. , Karaulov A. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Evaluate the effect of anti-phage humoral immune response on effectiveness of phage therapy of infections related to medical care (IRMC). Materials and methods. 42 patients on extended mechanical ventilation (MV) in neuroreanimation, 1 time in 2014, 4 times in 2015 and 1 time in 2016 had received bacteriophage cocktail per os - 20 ml including 6 patients - additionally 3-5 times. Effectiveness of phage therapy was evaluated by seeding of IRMC strains from samples of endotracheal aspirate, blood, urine and feces of patients before and after treatment. Results. 87.5% of samples from the patients initially had gram-negative pathogens (Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Effective sanation for the first episodes of phage therapy was confirmed in 54 - 62.5% of cases. Pharmacokinetic studies have indicated a systemic mechanism of action for enteral forms of bacteriophages. Repeated courses of phage therapy did not result in significant eradication of pathogens. Antiphage immunity after a single administration of the cocktail of bacteriophages with a certain strain composition was detected using ELISA by the presence of specific IgG titers in a range from 1/16 to 1/4096 (in patients not receiving the cocktail antibodies were not detected). Conclusion. Reduction of sanation effect of bacteriophage could be due to formation of anti-phage antibodies after a repeated course in the same patient. Changes of strain composition of phage cocktail of bacteriophages is necessary to preserve results of phage therapy.
MODELLING OF HEPATITIS E IN MINI-PIGS
Authors: Gulyaev S. A. , Potemkin I. A. , Kichatova V. S. , Karlsen A. A. , Isaeva O. V. , Guiyaeva T. V. , Vannus M. A. , Gordeichuk I. V. , Kyuregyan K. K. , Mikhailov M. I.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Experimental reproduction of HEV-infection in mini-pigs and comparative analysis of virological and immunological characteristics of experimental infection. Materials and methods. Wiesenauer minipigs (2 females and 4 males, age 50 - 60 days, weight 5-10 kg) were infected by HEV genotype 3 strain isolated from swine feces in Belgorod region in 2013. The virus was administered as a 10% clarified feces extract (800 pi). Blood (weekly) and feces (daily) were sampled from the animals for 49 days. Anti-HEV IgG were determined in sera samples using DS- ElA-ANTI-HEV-G (Diagnostic Systems) system, HEV RNA in samples of feces extracts and blood sera - RT-PCR. Results. Wiesenauer minipigs were sensitive to HEV genotype 3 infection, infection developed in all the animals after administration of the virus, that was accompanied by the presence of HEV RNA in feces for 2 weeks and seroconversion by anti-HEV. Comparative analysis of virological characteristics of experimental H EV-infection in mini- and standard pigs has shown, that the duration of the infection in mini-pigs is shorter, and seroconversion by anti-HEV occurs earlier. Conclusion. Sensitivity to HEV genotype 3 and lower weight make mini-pigs a comfortable alternative to standard swine and primates for modelling HEV infection in vivo.
PERIODONTOPHATOGENIC BACTERIA OF THE MAIN FACTORS OF EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF PERIODONTITIS
Authors: Tsarev V. N. , Nikolaeva E. N. , Ippolitov E. V.
Published: September 2019

Presents a modern understanding of the role of periodontophatogenic bacteria types: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), Tannerella forsythia (Bacteroides forsythus) and Porphyromonas gingivalis as indicators of periodontitis emergence and development risk. Therminological definitions are given of factors, indicators and markers of risk of periodontium inflammatory diseases development that show the level of importance of their association with the disease as well as the quantitative evaluation of these associations.
CAUSES OF DETERIORATION EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION ON CRIMEAN-CONGO HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2016
Authors: Vasilenko N. F. , Maletskaya O. V. , Manin E. A. , Prislegina D. A. , Volynkina A. S. , Lisitskaya Ya. V. , Shaposhnikova L. I. , Taran T. V. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: September 2019

Aim.The analysis of causes of deterioration epidemiological situation on Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in the Russian Federation in 2016. Materials and methods. Data of statistical documentation of Departments of Rospotrebnadzor, Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology in subjects of the Russian Federation, Plague Control Research Institutions and Anti-Plague stations from 8 subjects of the Southern and 7 subjects of the North-Caucasian Federal Districts were used. The findings have been treated using by Excel program. Results. In 2016, epidemiological manifestations of CCHF are identified on the territory of 6 subjects of the south of Russia. An increase in the incidence of CC H F occurred in the Stavropol Territory, the Republic of Kalmykia, Astrakhan and Volgograd Regions. The main cause of the deterioration epidemiological situation on CCHF was increasing of the number and the period of activity of ticks marginatum, in the epidemic season as a result of favorable climatic conditions; incorrect dates of the realization and inadequacy of the acaricide treatments livestock and natural biotopes. Conclusion. For the improvement epidemiological situation on CCHF timely realization of the acaricide treatments in the early spring (March-April) livestock and natural biotopes using effective insecticides and with its further entomological control it is necessary.
OBTAINING FUSED RECOMBINANT PROTEINS OprF-ΔOprI, ΔOprF-ΔOprI AND OprF-aTox-ΔOprl OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
Authors: Kaloshin A. A. , Soldatenkova A. V. , Zimina E. M. , Mikhailova N. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Obtaining fused recombinant proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that have protective properties against experimental pseudomonas infection. Materials and methods. Fused sequences of P. aeruginosa genes oprF, oprl and deleted form of toxA were cloned in plasmids for the expression in Escherichia coli. The synthesized recombinant proteins were purified in Ni-sepharose columns. Recombinant proteins were administered to mice intraperitonealiy twice with a 2 week interval to evaluate protective properties. Virulent culture of P. aeruginosa strain PA103 was injected into the animals intraperitonealiy 2 weeks after the immunization course as experimental challenge. Results. 3 fused recombinant proteins were produced: 1. OprF-ΔOprl included full sequence of OprF protein and deletion variant of OprI (lacking first 20 amino acids); 2. AOprF-AOprl consisted of C-terminal region (192 - 342 amino acids) OprF and deletion variant of Oprl protein; 3. OprF-aTox-ΔOprI included full sequence of OprF protein, sequence of nontoxic variant of exotoxin A (without 106 C-terminal amino acids) and deletion variant of Oprl protein. Fused recombinant proteins OprF-AOprl and OprF-aTox-ΔOprI at immunization doses of 25 and 50 pg for the first and second protein, respectively, were shown to have the best protective properties. Conclusion. The results obtained open perspectives for further studies to create specific immune biological preparations based on fused recombinant proteins of P. aeruginosa.
EXPERIENCE OF USING MAXIMAL ENTROPY METHOD (MAXENT) FOR ZONING OF THE TERRITORY BY HERS RISK USING NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION AS AN EXAMPLE
Authors: Solntsev L. A. , Dubyansky V. M.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Zoning of the territory of Nizhny Novgorod region by risk of HFRS infection using Maxent method. Materials and methods. Data from Centre of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Nizhny Novgorod region for each case of the HFRS for 2010 - 2016, data on environment (Bioclim), data on vegetation activity (MODIS) were used. ArcGIS 10.2.2 and Maxent 3.3.3k packages were used. Results. Model for evaluation of potential risk of HFRS in Nizhny Novgorod was developed and validated. Conclusion. The data obtained do not contradict the observed spatial localization of the cases of HFRS infection (prediction accuracy over 75%), detected connection between spatial localization of HFRS cases and combination of environment factors and allow to predict changes in borders of potentially dangerous segments after environmental changes.
MICROBIOCENOSIS OF SKIN IN BROMHIDROSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Aleshkin A. V. , Borisova O. Yu. , Gadua N. T. , Bochkareva S. S. , Chernova V. A. , Trebunskikh I. P. , Efimov B. A. , Kafarskaya L. I. , Afanasiev S. S. , Aleshkin V. A. , Afanasiev M. S. , Borisova A. B. , Karaulov A. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Evaluate the composition of microorganisms of skin microbiocenosis of axilla in brom-hidrosis patients. Materials and methods. 23 patients were examined (11 - 17 years) under the observation at Pirogov CCDC of the National Medical-Surgery Centre. Identification was carried out using biochemical test-systems BioMerieux VITEK MS MALDI-TOF («bioMerieux», France) and 16SrRNA genesequencing with consequent juxtaposition with EMBL/NCBI. Medium and high degree of skin seeding with microbiota was present in most of the patients with bromhidrosis (52.2 and 43.5%). 137 strains belonging to 5 genera of microorganisms were identified - Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Moraxella, Micrococcus, Candida and Bacillus spp. Coiynehacte-rium genus strains (8 species) and Staphylococcus genus (5 species) prevailed in microbiocenosis (89.1%). C. tuberculostearicum strains dominated among Corynebacterium, and S. hominis - Staphylococcus. Conclusion. In most of the cases (82.6%) in patients microbiocenosis of skin of axilla was presented by consortiums of microorganisms with prevalence of Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus microorganisms.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EFFECTIVENESS OF SOLID-PHASE METHODS OF IMMUNE DETECTION OF BOTULINIC TOXIN IN BLOOD SERA OF A PATIENT WITH BOTULISM DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Zagoskina T. Yu. , Markov E. Yu. , Chaporgina E. A. , Popova Yu. O. , Dolgova T. M. , Gavrilova O. V. , Taikova T. S. , Nikitina A. V. , Pomelova V. G. , Osin N. S. , Balakhonov S. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Comparison of effectiveness of solid phase methods of immune detection of botulinic toxin in blood sera of a patient with botulism diagnosis: dot-immune assay using specific anti-botulinic antibodies (AT) labeled with nanoparticles of colloid silver, phosphorescent analysis (PHOSPHAN) using streptavidin label with platinum coproporphyrin (PtCP) and polystyrene nanoparticles, containing chelate complex of europium ions with naphthoyl trifluoroacetone (NA-Eu). Materials and methods. Silver nanoparticle labeled IgG isolated from a commercial diagnostic polyvalent sera against type А, В, С, E, F botulotoxins manufactured by SPA Allergen (Stavropol) with 5000 - 10000 IU activity and biotin conjugated commercial monoclonal antibodies against botulotoxin A, polyclonal mono-specific AB against botulotixin В and E and polyvalent immunoglobulin against botulotoxin А, В, С, E, F. Detection ofbotulotoxin in clinical material was carried out in dot-immunoassay on nitrocellulose membrane by PHOSPHAN method in an experimental test system using 2 detector systems based on streptavidin: PtCP and NA-Eu. Results. Botulotoxin was detected in blood sera of the botulism patient using both of the developed immune detection methods. PHOSPHAN method allowed to identify serotype В botulotoxin, that corresponded with the results obtained in botulotoxin biological neutralization reaction. Sensitivity of PHOSPHAN with NA-Eu luminescent nanoparticle based detection system was higher than with PtCP label. Conclusion. The developed methods (PHOSPHAN and dot-immunoassay) differ by high specificity and sensitivity and may be recommended for express detection of botulinic toxin in clinical material.
TRANSFER OF DANGEROUS VIRAL INFECTIONS IN THE NON-ENDEMIC AREA
Authors: Markin V. A. , Chifanov D. E.
Published: September 2019

Epidemic data are presented, possible causes analyzed and the dangers of observed in recent years expansion of existing areas of viral infections, including the introduction of the agent to the non-endemic area, evaluated. At the present time there is a significant expansion of the ranges of some zooantroponozes pathogens, particular filovirus Ebola and arboviruses - Rift Valley fever, Zika, Chikungunya. When extending the boundaries of epidemic foci in the new territory for the pathogen, can occur aggravating of clinical manifestations of the disease and increase mortality among the indigenous population. Extremely hazardous exotic viral hemorrhagic fever (Ebola, Marburg, Lassa) when transfer with sick people in some cases, can cause contamination of the contact persons. Rift Valley fever - one of the most aggressive arboviruses, in the case of importation can form stable epidemic foci. Transfer of Zika fever in the territory of the Russian Federation has not represent substantial epidemiological value. Epidemiological factors, essential for the formation of new areas of pathogens may include the presence of permissive candidates in natural hosts and vectors, the climatic conditions. Role of socio-economic factors is significant. Among of environmental factors is the important role of some trace elements, including selenium, involved in the regulation of homeostasis and which faults occur in the upward virulence virus mutating. In parts of Africa and Asia, with soils poor in selenium, were first introduced pathogens or highly virulent strains of influenza A, SARS, Ebola and of SIV, and drifts on these and similar areas have led to an increase in the virulence of viruses.
ESTIMATE OF VIRUS ZIKA SPREAD RISK IN THE REPUBLIC OF ABKHAZIA ASSOCIATING THE LOCAL POPULATION OF MOSQUITOES AEDES AEGYPTI AND AEDES ALBOPICTUS
Authors: Maletskaya O. V. , Dubyansky V. M. , Belyaeva A. I. , Shaposhnikova L. I. , Agapitov D. S. , Ermolova N. V. , Tsapko N. V. , Taran T. V. , Kotenev E. S. , Belova O. A. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Chracteristic of number and distribution of mosquitoes Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in the Republic of Abkhazia and a risk assessment of virus Zika spread. Materials and methods. The accounting of mosquitoes number was made by the method «on the observer» in 20 minutes at the 70 nature landscapes points in april-oktober 2016. Results. The Black sea coast of the Republic of Abkhazia has favorable ecological conditions for the mosquitoes ingrowth of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. At 2016 the mosquitoes Ae. albopictus having vector competence to spread a Zika virus, has been revealed in the open stations in the territory from Ochamchirsky district to border with the Russian Federation. Their number is correlated with the air temperature in the region. The control of efficiency of the insecticidal works showed that in the open stations Ae. albopictus were not found within 3 - 7 days after the disinsection actions. However, their number of recovered as a result of settling from nearby natural biotopes. Conclusion. The risk of local Zika virus transmission has estimated as a low. Considering the gravity of the disease caused by the Zika virus carrying out a wider complex of the control methods of the mosquitoes number in areas of their dwelling, especially on the epidemiologically significant objects is necessary. The most effective of the population protection action is riddance of the reproduction mosquitoes places and sanitation of territory.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ISSUES MIXED INFECTIONS CAUSED BY OPPORTUNISTIC MICROORGANISMS
Authors: Shkarin V. V. , Kovalishena O. V. , Saperkin N. V. , Shptykova O. N.
Published: September 2019

Infections caused by opportunistic microorganisms occupy a special position. In microbial associations of opportunistic microorganisms is easier to implement its low pathogenic potential, activate properties of each other. Group polyetiologic infections caused by conditionally pathogenic microorganisms are quite diverse in terms of a nosological forms and groups. These include the so-called septic infection, which are also very diverse and clinical, epidemiological and etiological characteristics. Scientific evidence shows the urgency of the problem mixed infections, especially in surgery and indicate a lack of systematic data about the whole spectrum and the composition of microbial associations in different infections, quantification, insufficient study of the properties compared to monoagents. The problem mixed infections practically not been studied with epidemiologic standpoint, only a few studies devoted to the study of nosocomial infection of microbial associations are not developed microbiological monitoring. In this connection, you need comprehensive research mixed infections compared with monoagents to identify the characteristics and development of epidemiologic surveillance and control.
REGULATION OF MICROORGANISMS SENSITIVITY TO ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVE REPRESENTATIVES OF MUTUALISTICALLY MICROFLORA BY THE ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES
Authors: Sycheva M. V. , Peshkova YU. I. , Kartashova O. L. , Andreeva A. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study of the effect of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) on the sensitivity of the conditional pathogenic of bacteria to the action of antagonistic active of representatives mutualistically microflora. Materials and methods. The study used peptides from platelets of chicken obtained by the method of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography in stepwise and linear gradients of increasing concentrations of organic solvent. The effect of AMP on the sensitivity of microorganisms to antagonistic active substances of the dominant bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus were investigated in a joint incubation. Antagonistic activity of bacteria studied the gup method. Results. Shown an increased expression of antagonistic activity of indigenous microflora in relation to associative microflora after concubinage with a peptide fractions from platelets of chicken. Conclusion. The obtained results allow to assume the existence of new mechanisms of formation of the colonization resistance of the biotope.
EFFECT OF YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS TOXINS ON THE BIOFILM FORMATION
Authors: Terenteva N. A. , Psareva E. K. , Timchenko N. F. , Golotin V. A. , Rasskazov V. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To study the effect of heat-labile (HLTY) and heat-stable (HSTY) lethal toxins of the of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis on the formation of biofilms by these bacteria. Materials and methods. For the isolation of toxins and the investigation their ability to effect on the biofilm formation there were used the strain of Y. pseudotuberculosis 512 (pYV48Mjl. рУМ82МД) and strain 2517, carrying virulence plasmid pYV and lost it, correspondingly. Results. The stimulation of biofilm formation at 20°C by the strain 2517 (pYV+), carrying virulence plasmid as well as the strain 2517 (pYV-) without plasmid were observed In the presence of HLTY. At low positive temperature (6 - 8°C) HLTY reduces the amount of the formed biofilm. HSTY inhibited the biofilm formation by the both strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis tested during the incubation for 3 days at 20°C and 6 - 8°C. Moreover the extent of inhibition was decreased with temperature decreasing. Conclusion. The both of the Y. pseudotuberculosis protein toxins has been revealed to affect on the biofilm formation by Y. pseudotuberculosis bacteria, however, the impact of HLTY and HSTY in the processes of biofilm formation was shown to be different, and the mechanism of such action of toxinsis under way.
FEATURES OF ESCHERICHIA COLI CLINICAL STRAINS, ISOLATED FROM THE PATIENTS WITH CROHN’S DISEASE
Authors: Gorodnichev R. B. , Rakitina D. V. , Manolov A. I. , Baykova Yu. P. , Scherbakov P. L. , Smirnov G. B. , Ilina E. N.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To characterize pool of Crohn’s disease-associated E.coli isolated from patients with Crohn’s disease. Materials and methods. 28 clinical stains were selected. Clinical isolates, as well as control samples, were tested for their possible belonging to a certain phylogenetic group, the ability to adhere and invade on the model of a monolayer of CaCo2 epithelial cells, the ability to form biofilms and their mobility. Results. We have shown that E.coli, isolated from a different biomaterial, belonged to different phylogenetic groups and differed in their ability to form biofilms. Adhesive-invasive E.coli were found mainly in the material of biopsy of the intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn’s disease. Conclusion. There are reasons to suppose that adhesive-invasive E.coli formed at the junction of ecological niches of the lumen and the intestinal wall.
DESIGN OF HEPATITIS E VIRUS GENOTYPE 1 RECOMBINANT CAPSID PROTEIN: CLONING, EXPRESSION, PURIFICATION, EVALUATION OF THE ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES
Authors: Alatortseva G. I. , Sidorov A. V. , Nesterenko L. N. , Luhverchik L. N. , Dotsenko V. V. , Amiantova I. I. , Kabargina V. Yu. , Milovanova A. V. , Vorobev D. S. , Ammur Yu. I. , Blinov V. M. , Nurmatov A. Z. , Nurmatov Z. Sh. , Baiyzbekova D. A. , Kasymov O. T. , Kyuregyan K. K. , Mikhailov M. I. , Zhavoronok S. V. , Zverev V. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. The development of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 1 recombinant capsid protein. Materials and methods. Escherichia coli strains, plasmid vectors, serological and clinical samples, ELISA reagent kits, molecular biological, bioinformatic, biotechnological, biochemical and serological methods. Results. Using HEV genotype 1 DNA copy of subgenomic virus RNA we made E.coli strains producing recombinabt capsid protein, containing C-terminal fragment of ORF2 protein fused to E.coli beta-galactosidase. Recombinant protein ORF2 had been isolated from the inclusion bodies of the E.coli biomass and purified by size exclusion chromatography. By Western blotting it had been shown specific interaction of the recombinant polypeptide with anti-HEV IgG from pool of positive sera. Antigenic specificity of the recombinant polypeptide had been confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with sera of hepatitis E patients and reference groups: healthy donors, patients with hepatitis А, В, C, infectious mononucleosis and cytomegalovirus infection, HIV-infected patients. Conclusion. HEV genotype 1 ORF2 recombinant antigen had been developed, and its possible use in diagnostic tests had been experimentally shown.
EFFECT OF PROBIOTIC BACTERIA AND LIPOPOLISACCHARIDES ON EPITELIOCYTES TIGHT JUNCTIONS OF RAT JEJUNUM
Authors: Rybalchenko O. V. , Orlova O. G. , Zakharova L. B. , Vishnevskaya O. N. , Markov A. G.
Published: September 2019

Aim. The present study has been undertaken with the main objective the influence of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum 8 РАЗ and Escherichia coli M17 and lipopolysaccharide on the ultrastructure of enterocytes tight junctions of mucous membranes of rat jejunum. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on E. coli lipopolysaccharide (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and probiotic bacteria L. plantarum 8PA3 and E. coli M17. Male Wistar rats were used. A comparative analysis of the ultrathin structure of enterocytes and tight junctions were carried out by successive incubation of rat jejunum with probiotic bacteria L. plantarum 8PA3 and E. coli Ml 7, with lipopolysaccharide and a complex of bacteria with LPS. Results. The effect of L. plantarum 8PA3 on the mucosa of rats jejunum on a number of characters was similar to E. coli Mil. It manifested by preservation of the intact structure of the intercellular space and tight junctions. At the same time, hollow spherical inclusions with fragments of bacteria surrounded by membranes detected in the cytoplasm of enterocytes testified to the possibility of penetration of probiotic bacteria through the mucous membrane of the jejunum by a transcellular pathway With simultaneous action on enterocytes of rats jejunum of probiotic bacteria and lipopolysaccharide complex no destructive changes in the structure of dense contacts were observed, however, in a significant number of cases, bacterial cells were found in the intercellular space next to the goblet cells. Conclusion. A similar effect of Gram-positive bacteria L. plantarum 8PA3 and Gram-negative bacteria E. coli Ml 7 and their complexes with lipopolysaccharide on the jejunum epitheliocytes was revealed. Morphological analysis showed that lipopolysaccharide might influence on parasel-lular transport by probiotic bacteria. In the absence of LPS, probiotic bacteria can possibly penetrate the mucosa of rats jejunum by a transcellular pathway.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF MAIN CLONES DISTRIBUTION GENOTYPE BEIJING OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS WITHIN IRKUTSK REGION
Authors: Zhdanova S. N. , Ogarkov O. B. , Sinkov V. V. , Khromova P. A. , Orlova E. A. , Koscheev M. E. , Savilov E. D.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To estimate the dynamics changes in the population structure of the tuberculosis (ТВ) pathogen in the Irkutsk region by comparison of genotypes of M. tuberculosis from patients of different age groups. Materials and methods. 588 epidemiologically unrelated strains of M. tuberculosis isolates from 567 ТВ patients were characterized using 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing. 160 strains belonged to patients of different age groups. 59 strains were isolated from the «young» people with ТВ who were bom after 1990 and 101 isolates from people who were born before 1955. Results. Two-thirds of the samples (427/567) were genotype Beijing with the dominance of two subtypes belonging to the modem epidemic clonal complexes CC1 and CC2. The high level of clustering profiles of CC1 and CC2 genotype Beijing in «older» and «young» patients in the Irkutsk region indicates the presence and active transmission of epidemic CC1 and CC2 subtypes over the past fifty years.
PNEUMOVIRUSES IN HUMAN INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Authors: Yatsyshina S. B.
Published: September 2019

This review presents the actual data about structure, genetic diversity and pathogenicity factors of human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSv) and human metapneumovirus - which are the members of new Pneumoviridae family, according to updated taxonomy accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in 2016. The results of own epidemiological and clinical studies are presented in comparison with literature data. Cyclic recurrence of hRSv circulation was revealed. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hRSv and hMpv infections were compared. The leading role of the hRSv in ARVI in children and the importance of hMpv as an etiological agent of respiratory infection in adults are shown. Significance of both viruses as the agents of the lower respiratory tract infections is emphasized. The factors contributing to the prevalence of the hRSv in children with ARI are analyzed. Prevention measures for these infections are considered.
EVALUATION OF THE PROGNOSTIC EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICACY OF VACCINATION AGAINST PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION IN MEN OF WORKING AGE WITH VARIOUS CHRONIC DISEASES
Authors: Briko N. I. , Batyrshina L. R. , Briko A. N.
Published: September 2019

Aim. The study of the prognosis of epidemiological and economic effects of pneumococcal vaccination in laboring males with various chronic diseases. Materials and methods. Within the predictive (Markov) model, based on the published data, assessment of 5-year horizon pneumococcal vaccination of laboring males perceived effectiveness in reducing mortality, avoiding morbidity and economic loss in the country had been processed. According to the official statistics in the Russian Federation 21 575 887 laboring males are within the high risk group for contracting pneumonia. Data source for the cost of the healthcare for disease had been the compulsory health insurance system 2016 state tariffs, for the vaccination cost results of the PCV13 procurement bidding had been used. Results. Data extrapolation from national and international studies to the cohort of individuals with chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mel-litus vaccinated against pneumococcal infection showed a significant decrease in the risk of underlying diseases complications (OP=0,58, p
FEATURES OF THE OUTBREAK OF THE COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA CAUSED BY MYCOPLASMA PNEUMOINIAE AT CHILDREN IN KHABAROVSK REGION
Authors: Guseva O. E. , Lebedko O. A. , Nagovitsyna E. B. , Lazutkin M. N. , Savitskaya E. A. , Klyueva S. V. , Putilina O. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To study the features of outbreak of community-acquired pneumonia caused by M. pneumoniae in children in the Khabarovsk region during the autumn-winter period 2016 - 2017. Materials and methods. A study was conducted of 30 clinical samples - smears from the posterior pharyngeal wall and sputum samples obtained from patients with community-acquired pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae. Samples were examined for the presence of mutations in the 23S rRNA gene of M. pneumoniae. Results. The age ofthe patients was from 2 to 16 years. In two cases, family foci of the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia occurred. In 19 samples, a mutation was detected in 23S rRNA of M. pneumoniae. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that in the development of the outbreak of community-acquired pneumonia caused by M. pneumoniae in children in the Khabarovsk region in the autumn-winter period 2016 - 2017, macrolide-resistant strains of the pathogen were involved.
GUT BACTERIAL MICROBIOME OF HIV-INFECTED PEOPLE
Authors: Zakharova Yu. V.
Published: September 2019

Data on the state of the microflora of HIV-infected people and its participation in the progression of the disease are presented. Mechanisms and markers of bacterial translocation through the intestinal mucosa into the bloodstream, their importance for HIV-infected people are described. Study of intestinal microbiome in different groups of HIV-status people controversial data on the phylogenetic diversity of the intestinal microflora are shown. However, in most studies in HIV-infected increase in the intestine of members of the genus Prevotella, reduction of the quantitative level of Bacteroides spp. increase in the proportion of Proteobacteria compared to the other members of the intestinal flora are noted. It is shown that Proteobacteria in HIV-infected patients are more metabolically active than HIV-negative individuals. Further studies of the intestinal microbiome in HIV-infection are presented.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH RISK GROUPS
Authors: Zemskov A. M. , Zemskov V. M. , Zemskova V. A. , Sepiashvili R. I. , Zoloedov V. I.
Published: September 2019

Based on the data of the literature and their own studies, the features of infectious morbidity, immune disorders, the principles of their directed correction in patients at risk: pregnant women, puerperas, children born at physiological and pathological pregnancy, elderly persons are analyzed.
AN OCCURRENCE OF ICE-emm12 GENETIC ELEMENT CONTAINING tetM AND ermB RESISTANCE GENES AMONG RUSSIAN AND VIETNAMESE GROUP A STREPTOCOCCAL STRAINS
Authors: Kireeva A. G. , Kalinina O. V. , Kiselev A. M. , Briko N. I. , Glushkova E. V. , Dmitriev A. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Goal of the study is characterization and analysis of an occurrence of ICE-emm12 genetic element associated with streptococcal outbreaks, among Vietnamese and Russian GAS strains. Materials and methods. A total of 96 strains isolated in 2007 - 2014 in Moscow, Saint-Petersburg and different provinces of Vietnam were studied. Molecular genetic experiments were done as previously described. Whole genome sequencing was done using MiSeq technology. Results. Complete genome sequencing of Vietnamese strain V31 revealed the presence of 61028 bp fragment homologous to integrative and conjugative element ICE-emm12 containing resistance genes to MLS-antibiotics (ermB) and tetracycline (tetM). This element was discovered in 12 (26,1%, types emm12.0, emm12.22) out of 46 Vietnamese strains, and 2 (4,0%, types emm12.0, emm88.2) out of 50 Russian strains. In 13 out of 14 strains, ICE-emm12 was integrated in RNA-methyltransferase gene, which is possibly the «hot spot» for recombination. In all the strains ICE-emm12 was present in two forms: integrated linearized form and excised circular form with potential to be horizontally transferred. Conclusion. The presence of ICE-emm12 containing antibiotic resistance genes and associated with streptococcal outbreaks in South East Asia, among Russian GAS strains together with the fact of intensive tourism industry indicate the need of molecular epidemiological surveillance for circulation of epidemiologically actual streptococcal clones in Russia.
BACTERICIDAL EFFECT OF HUMAN SERUM ON BORRELIA MIYAMOTOI, CAUSATIVE AGENT OF IXODES TICK-BORNE BORRELIOSIS
Authors: Platonov A. E. , Koetsveld J. .. , Kolyasnikova N. M. , Stukolova O. A. , Dolgova A. S. , Toporkova M. G. , Sarksyan D. S.
Published: September 2019

Aim. In this paper we investigate the impacts of co-incubation of Borrelia miyamotoi with neutrophils. Materials and methods. Spirochetes B. miyamotoi, strain HT31, were incubated 3 hours at 37°C with neutrophils of healthy donors (5*106 cells/ml) in a 1:1 ratio. The incubation medium contained also non-immune serum of healthy blood donors (SHD) and, in some experiments, high-immune serum of patients recovered from ITBB-BM (S-ITBB-BM). The proportion of neutrophils that bound borrelia, as well as the number and viability (mobility) of free borrelia, was estimated by dark-field microscopy. Results. Free-swimming borrelia remain viable in SHD or heat-inactivated S-ITBB-BM, but about 10% of borrelia are associated with neutrophils. In S-ITBB-BM with neutrophils, the proportion of viable borrelia among free ones decreases by approximately 10% compared to S-ITBB-BM without neutrophils; in addition about 15% of bor-relia become bound by neutrophils. If chemoattractant fMLP was added, the proportion of neutrophils binding borrelia increases to 25%, and the proportion of immobilized non-bound bor-relia reaches 40%. Conclusion. Although neutrophils are able to destroy borrelia with or without direct contact, under model conditions the combined effect of blood neutrophils and high-immune human serum does not provide 100% elimination of B. miyamotoi.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE HUMAN AND BOVINE LACTOFERRIN AGAINST GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA AND CANDIDA ALBICANS
Authors: Zorina V. N. , Vorobeva O. N. , Zorin N. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. A comparative study of the effect ofbovine and human lactoferrin (LF) on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans strains. Materials and methods. The daily agar cultures of museum and clinical strains of microorganisms were standardized, diluted with physiological solution up (from 5000 microbial cells/ ml to 0.1 ml) was added to the stepwise dilution of LF (from 1000 pg /ml) and incubated 18 - 24 hours at 37°C. The amount of LF in the sample with the total apparent growth retardation of the microbes was the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the strain. Results. The MIC of human LF was 4 - 8 times less than MIC of bovine LF. The smallest dose was required for the suppression of C. albicans (11.3±1.5 and 43.8±9.5 pg/ml respectively), the largest when using human LF was needed to suppress S. aureus (38,2±4,6), and in a case of bovine LF - E. faecalis (206,3±51,1). Conclusion. Human LF is much more effective in suppressing bacterial infection, but in the course of evolution, there is an increase in the resistance of S. aureus to LF. The higher availability of bovine LF and the lack of a tendency to increase resistance, it is advisable to use high-doses of bovine LF in the treatment of resistant forms of bacteria and C. albicans.
DETECTION OF ADENOVIRUS ANTIGEN BY A SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY
Authors: Kudryashova A. M. , Galstian A. G. , Faizuloev E. B. , Olenin A. Yu. , Lisichkin G. V. , Zverev V. V. , Borisova O. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study of the possibility of adenovirus antigen detection by recording of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of enzyme oxidized product of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine. Materials and methods. Clinical fecal samples containing adenoviruses, group A rotaviruses, noroviruses and healthy children samples, as well as laboratory strains of adenoviruses with a titer of 5 — 6 lg TCD50/ml were used. Sandwich immunoassay was used, the Raman spectra were recorded by a Raman spectrometer (532 nm) after incubation with silver nanoparticles. Results. The concordance of the adenovirus detection results was obtained in comparison with the enzyme immunoassay method with colorimetric detection and PCR. Conclusion. The possibility of TMB+ using as a SERS reporter and silver nanoparticles as a SERS substrate for the detection of adenovirus antigen in complex biological samples was shown.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF POPULATION MIGRATION IN THE POSSIBILITY OF CHOLERA IMPORTATION INTO RUSSIAN FEDERATION CONSTITUENTS
Authors: Tyuleneva E. G. , Moskvitina E. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Determination of potential epidemic hazard degree of migration in the possibility of cholera importation into the RF constituents with (without) the international border crossing points by air, sea, road and rail transport, as a component when determining the epidemic potential of the territory. Materials and methods. The data of the Rospotrebnadzor Directorates for 83 Russian Federation constituents, including 61 subjects with air, sea, road and rail transport border crossing checkpoints, taking into account the links with countries affected by cholera, and in 22 without international checkpoints ( 2011 — 2015) were used. The analyses of demographic indicators for characterizing intensity and determination the potential epidemic hazard degree of migration was carried out. Results. The increase in population due to interstate migration by various transports was determined in 83,6% subjects. The algorithm of epidemiological assessment was developed, with calculating the potential epidemic hazard degree (PEHD) of population migration in the possibility of cholera importation into 83 administrative subjects. The highest PEHD of migration was determined in 17 of 61 subjects with checkpoint sets; in 39 — higher than normal and in 5 — low; in 22 subjects without international checkpoints — in 8, 12 and 2, respectively. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate the presence of epidemiological risks associated with migration.
USING OF UNIVERSAL PLASMID CONSTRUCTIONS FOR DESIGN OF RECOMBINANT ANTIBODIES WITH DEFINED SPECIFICITY IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Authors: Samartseva T. G. , Oksanich A. S. , Gavrilova N. F. , Yakovleva I. V. , Sviridov V. V. , Zverev V. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. In this study we aimed to develop the methodology to change the antigen specificity of chimeric antibodies by replacing the variable region genes in the previously designed universal plasmid constructions pLK DT-17 and pHG DT-17 encoding the DT-17 antibody against the diphtheria toxin (DT) to the genes of antibody binding to another DT epitope — DT-22. Materials and methods. The genes of the light and heavy chain variable regions of mouse anti-DT antibodies — DT-22 were amplified from the hybridoma producing monoclonal antibodies to DT by reverse transcription and PCR methods. Genetic engineering methods were used to replace the variable regions of DT-17 antibody in the recombinant plasmids pLK DT-17 and pHG DT-17 encoding the light and heavy chains of DT-17 antibody, respectively to the relevant genes of DT-22. Subsequently, a «supervector» pSV DT-22, containing the genes of both chains of the chimeric antibody, was designed. CHO cells were transfected with a «supervector» and a highly productive clone, secreting chimeric antibodies to DT was obtained. Immunochemical and cultural methods were used to evaluate antibody activity. The affinity chromatography was used to purified preparative amounts of antibodies. Results. The yield of purified secreted chimeric DT-22 antibodies was 4 mg from per liter of culture medium. The minimum concentration of chimeric antibodies at which DT was neutralized in the CHO cells was 22 μg/mL of medium. Conclusion. Thus it has been shown how to generate new vector coding synthesis of light and heavy chains of a chimeric DT-22 antibody specific to another DT epitope using previously constructed universal recombinant plasmids pLK DT-17 and pHG DT-17 encoding, light and heavy chains of antibodies against DT DT-17, respectively.
PECULIARITIES OF RECOMBINATIVE GENOMICS OF ACINETOBACTER — HUMAN PATHOGEN
Authors: Solomennyi A. P. , Zubareva N. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. The disclosure of the role of genetic markers variability among Acinetobacter genus in connection with multidrug-resistant phenotype realization. Materials and methods. A comparative analysis was reviewed on DNA fragments important for genetic recombination in A. baumannii — one of the most relevant pathogens of postoperative infection, as well as A. pittii and A. lwoffii. Results. Integrase/recombinase XerC gene-bearing region of the chromosome is notably different and could include the genes responsible for the development of resistance against polymyxins and (fluoro)quinolones, as well as other antibiotics. Conclusion. The results obtained are important in surveillance of epidemic (pandemic) strains of Acinetobacter spp.
ON IMPORTANCE OF USING EVOLUTIONARILY ROBUST MARKERS FOR DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS STRAINS OF LAM GENETIC FAMILY
Authors: Mokrousov I. V. , Pasechnik O. A. , Vyazovaya A. A. , Blokh A. I. , Chernyaeva E. N. , Stasenko V. L.
Published: September 2019

Aim. The clinical and epidemiological significance of the Latin American Mediterranean (LAM) genetic family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis determines the importance of the correct detection of LAM strains. In this study, a complex of molecular methods was used to analyze LAM strains in the population of M. tuberculosis in the Omsk region of Western Siberia, which is characterized by a high incidence of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Materials and methods. The collection included 207 strains of M. tuberculosis, isolated in the Omsk region in 2015 — 2016. The strains were subjected to spoligotyping, analysis of LAM-specific SNP Rv0129c 309GA, and whole genome sequencing followed by bioinformatics analysis. Results. A comparison of the obtained CRISPR-spoligotyping profiles with the international SITVIT_WEB database, assigned 11 strains (5.3%) to the LAM genotype. At the same time, based on analysis of phylogenetic SNP in the gene Rv0129c, 30 isolates (14.5%) were assigned to LAM. Whole genome sequencing was performed for 4 isolates with different spoligotyping profiles. Conclusion. The results of this study show the limited utility of the decision rules implemented in SITVIT_WEB to define LAM family for isolates with long deleted blocks of spacers or abridged spoligoprofiles. The following approach can be recommended for detection of LAM isolates (1) primary spoligotyping, comparison with SITVIT_WEB, and mandatory interpretation in the light of expert knowledge; (2) detection of LAM-specific SNP (e.g., using PCR-RFLP).
BIOLOGICAL SAFETY: ANALYSIS THE CONTEMPORARY STATE OF THE SYSTEM OF TRAINING SPECIALISTS IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Merinova O. A. , Тoporkov A. V. , Merinova L. K. , Antonova E. V. , Victorov D. V.
Published: September 2019

The review expounds the main content issues of biological safety in the modern period. Theproblems of postgraduate education in the field of biological safety through professional retraining and advanced training programs, as well as training of highly qualified specialists were discussed. The need to form a separate specialty “Biological Safety”for specialists in medical and biological profiles was noted.
ANTIMICROBIC MECHANISMS OF NEUTROPHILES AS PERSPECTIVE TARGETS FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL MODULATION OF NON-SPECIFIC PROTECTION OF THE ORGANISM
Authors: Matosova E. V. , Andryukov B. G.
Published: September 2019

Key roles in nonspecific protection of the macroorganism are played by neutrophils — the most numerous pool of leukocytes. During the development of infection these cells phagocytose of microorganisms and also secrete proteolytic enzymes that destroy extracellular pathogens. In addition, they form structures called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). But in response, microorganisms have developed a number of mechanisms that allow them to evade neutrophilic attacks, including developing in the form of biofilms in the host organism. In this case, biofilms introduce negative properties into the infectious process: a recurring course, a tendency to chronization, resistance to traditional antimicrobial agents, which can also indicate the inaccessibility of biofilm for cells of the immune system. The purpose of the review: in connection with the development of molecular research and the appearance in science of new methods of visualization, it is necessary to characterize the known antimicrobial mechanisms of neutrophils. In conditions of increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotic drugs, antimicrobial mechanisms are promising targets for pharmacological modulation of nonspecific defense of the body.