bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Pengendalian Kualitas Produk Meja Menggunakan Metode Six Sigma Pada PT XYZ
Authors: Faritsy Ari Zaqi Al , Angga Suluh Wahyunoto
Published: October 2022

PT XYZ merupakan industri manufaktur yang bergerak dibidang furniture. Permasalahan yang terjadi yaitu terdapat produk meja tidak sesuai spesifikasi konsumen sehingga mengakibatkan proses berlebihan dan menambah biaya produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor penyebabkan kecacatan dan usulan pengendalian kualitas produk menggunakan metode six sigma. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode six sigma dengan tahapan DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control). Menggunakan alat statistic antara lain : Diagram SIPOC, Diagram pareto, p chart, Diagram fishbone, dan usulan perbaikan 5W+1H. Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui faktor penyebab cacat produk yaitu faktor tenaga kerja, kurangnya pelatihan dan kelelahan karena kepanasan serta berdiri terlalu lama menyebabkan kurang fokus. Faktor metode, kesalahan saat assemblly, kesalahan proses pemotongan, jalur roll kurang baik, dan proses finishing kurang maksimal. Faktor mesin, kestabilan mesin press dan spray gun. Faktor bahan baku, kualitas bahan baku. Faktor lingkungan kerja, debu berterbangan. Berdasarkan analisis 5W+1H usulan perbaikan untuk faktor tenaga kerja, perbaikan waktu istirahat serta penambahan ventilasi, dan pelatihan penggunaan mesin press. Faktor metode, pelatihan penggunaan mesin press, pelatihan pemotongan kayu, perbaikan jalur roll, dan mengoptimalkan proses pengeringan. Faktor mesin, perawatan mesin press dan spray gun secara berkala. Faktor bahan baku, pengawasan kualitas bahan baku. Faktor lingkungan kerja mewajibkan karyawan menggunakan masker.
Impact of Collaborative Learning in Developing Reading Skills of Tertiary Level English as a Second Language (ESL) Learners
Authors: Galappaththy Kasun , Karunarathne Purnima
Published: October 2022

Collaborative learning approach (CLA) or small group discussions is identified as an effective means of language learning. In the process of collaborative learning, learners work together to achieve a common goal thus, each member tries to contribute and holds responsibility in achieving that goal (Colbeck, Campbell & Bjorklund, 2000).In the process of language learning, Reading is measured as a vital skill as it is the only means of access to written documents in a language (Alderson, 2000). Learners with sufficient reading skills tend to achieve their academic goals faster than those who lack them (Floris &Divina, 2015). This study was carried out in order to investigate the impact of Collaborative learning in developing reading skills of tertiary level learners. In order to investigate the effectiveness of Collaborative Learning on reading, Collaborative Strategic Reading Approach (CSR) which is a learner cantered reading approach closely related to cooperative learning theory (Klingner and Vaughn,1996; 1998; 2000) was identified and employed with a group of 67lower intermediate tertiary level participants. Data was collected through the mixed method approach. The qualitative data of the experiment verified that collaborative work during the reading activities lead the learners to learn and think significantly more and better. However, the statistical analysis did not prove this method as a better method than the traditional teaching method. Thus, pedagogical implications for English instruction at university level in Sri Lanka and suggestions for future research based on the findings to further validate the impact and effectiveness of collaborative learning are proposed.
Analisis Unified Theory Of Acceptance And Use Of Technology (UTAUT) Terhadap Penerimaan Adopsi Teknologi E-Learning Pada Fitur Video Conference Di Kalangan Mahasiswa Kampus Baru (Studi Kasus: ITTelkom Surabaya)
Authors: Monica Hidayat Nabillah , Nasrullah Muhammad , Pudji Istyanto Noerma
Published: October 2022

Pentingnya sebuah adopsi teknologi dalam penerimaan dan pemanfaatan teknologi di perguruan tinggi dengan melihat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi serta dapat memberikan rekomendasi. Dilakukan Analisa faktor-faktor penerimaan adopsi teknologi e-learning pada fitur video conference dengan menguji hubungan antar variabel pada model penelitian ini. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan melalui skema purposive sampling untuk teknik pengolahan data, serta pendekatan PLS-SEM di Smart PLS 3.0 kepada 200 responden. Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa variabel faktor sosial dan ekspektasi kinerja mempunyai pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap minat pengguna untuk memanfaatkan fitur video conference. Variabel kondisi fasilitas berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap perilaku penggunaan fitur video conference. Minat pemanfaatan juga mempunyai pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap perilaku penggunaan e-learning pada fitur video conference sebagai media pembelajaran online di masa pandemi. Selain itu, peneliti juga melakukan pengolahan data terhadap analisis demografi bukan sebagai variabel moderasi serta tidak menjadi bagian dari instrumen kuisioner.
Numerical Investigation on The Effect of Grille Blockage Ratio on Air Flow Characteristics of Air Vents
Authors: Samin Enam  , Muhammad Noor Afiq Witri Muhammad  , Nor Azwadi Che Sidik
Published: October 2022

Vents with louvers are an important component in the indoor heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system in providing a degree of freedom to the occupants to direct the air flow and prevent foreign objects from entering or exiting the air ducts. As a result, whether designing air ventilation or any duct design that involves louvers, the influence of louver design cannot be ignored. For vent design, aside from louver angle, blockage ratio is an important factor in air distribution due to its effect on pressure drop and flow distribution to indoor space. The blockage ratio is often described as the ratio of the projected area of the structure in flow direction to the cross sectional area of the domain around the structure. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of varying blockage ratios on the air flow characteristics of air vents including velocity and pressure drop. The chosen air vent model for this study is the Proton Wira air vent. Results are obtained using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and by utilizing the free and easily available open source software via Code-Saturne. The parameters were set according to available literature. The study finds that the pressure drop increases with the increasing blockage ratio. The velocity drops almost 7% for blockage ratio greater than 3 and the pressure drop increases more than 4%.
Safety of Supracostal Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Paediatric Population: A Single Centre Experience
Authors: Khan Muhammad Kamran , Ullah Naqib , Mohayuddin Nazim , Haroon Naveed , Nawaz Ahmad
Published: October 2022

Objective

The objective of this study is assessment of safety and efficacy of supracostal mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy in pediatric patients.

Methodology

This is prospective study of patients whose kidney stones were treated with mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy through supracostal approach between February 2019 and Dec 2020.These patients were selected for supracostal puncture based on preoperative ultrasound and CT KUB findings and peroperative assessment of stone burden, stone location and anatomy of pelvicalyceal system.

Results

Of 80 patients 72(90%) were treated with only one supracostal puncture while additional 2nd puncture was used for 8(10%) patients. Overall stone clearance is 85% only with percutaneous nephrolithotomy and the stone clearance has reached to 95% with ancillary procedures.13% of patient had hydrothorax , 3.75% had urosepsis, 2.75% had bleeding and 1.25 % had perinephric fluid collection.

Conclusion

This study concludes that the safety and efficacy of supracostal percutaneous nephrolithotomy is same as subcostal pcnl if surgical boundaries are not violated.
Frequency of Impacted Third Molar in Mandibular Angle Fractures in Patients Presenting to Ayub Teaching Hospital
Authors: Jawad Ahmad, Alaf Khan, Muhammad Jamal, Anam Javed Jawad Ahmad, Alaf Khan, Muhammad Jamal, Anam Javed
Published: October 2022

Mandibular fractures are one of the commonest maxillofacial injury. Fractures take place at various locations. Mandibular angle fracture susceptibility in addition to being associated to the type and direction of impact is also associated with impacted 3rd molar.The objective of the study is to determine the frequency of impacted third molar in mandibular angle fracture.This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed for a period of six months on one hundred and twenty-two patients with mandibular. OPG was done to determine the state of 3rd molar tooth. The states of 3rd molar tooth along with its inclination were noted on a proforma.The frequency of 3rd molar impaction in fractures of angle of mandible was 36.1%. Young age (less than 31 years in this study) was significantly associated with development of impacted 3rd molar tooth (p < 0.05).Individuals with impacted 3rd molar should be educated about the possibility of the fracture of mandibular angle so that preventive measures can be adopted.
Pedicle Dimensions of the Thoracic Vertebrae in the Zimbabwean Adult Male Population: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Maimoona Khan, Takana Bill Nyamandi, Tapera Makosa Maimoona Khan, Takana Bill Nyamandi, Tapera Makosa
Published: October 2022

Objective:   To record the dimensions of thoracic-vertebrae pedicles in the grown-up community of Zimbabwe.

Study design:   A cross-sectional descriptive study.

Place and duration of study:  A six-month study carried out in the Anatomy Department (Gross Anatomy Laboratory), University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare (from May 2019 to November 2019).

Material and Methods:.  The thoracic vertebrae from 15 adult male cadavers were dissected out and Pedicle External Sagittal Diameter (PESD), Pedicle External Transverse Diameter (PETD) and chord length were measured using a vernier caliper and compared (on right and left sides). The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23, with data expressed as means, standard deviation and ranges. Student’s t-test was used to estimate the difference in pedicle dimensions of the right and left sides of the thoracic vertebrae.

Results:  There was a significant difference between the right and left pedicle dimensions in chord length at the level of T9, PESD at levels T6 and T7, and PETD at levels T2, T6, T7 and T11. PESD values were noted to be increasing from thoracic vertebrae T1 to T12 with a plateau phase noted from T2-T7.  PETD values decreased from T1-T5 and then gradually increased to T12.  Chord length increased gradually from T1-T12.

Conclusion:  Pedicle dimensions differ between the Zimbabwean population and other ethnic groups of earlier investigations.  Furthermore, there was a significant difference between the right and left pedicles in terms of PETD, PESD and Chord length.
Bronchogenic Cyst in a 13 month Old Child
Authors: Nazish Shanza , Aftab Uzma , Ahsan Saima , Chaudhary Tanveer Hussain , Soomro Abdul Hafeez , Khan Muhammad Sabir
Published: October 2022

Background

Persistent cough ,stridor and respiratory distress are most common symptoms encountered by paediatrician in their daily practices. Although bronchogenic cyst is rare cause of persistent cough but should always be kept in differential diagnosis of respiratory sypmptoms nonresponding to antibiotics and bronchodilators.

Case presentation

13 month old baby had history of frequent visits at hospital and treated as case of pneumonia and hyperreactive airway disease.Chest X-ray revealed cystic mass in mediastinum with CT chest confirmed bronchogenic cyst for which patient underwent surgical excision.Histopathology report revealed bronchogenic cyst .After surgical excision patient got stable with stridor got settled.

Conclusion

Case is being reported to create awareness related to bronchogenic cyst as cause of persistent cough and respiratory distress
Online assessments during COVID-19 pandemic - A paradigm shift in educational strategy
Authors: Younas Ayesha , Ashraf Muhammad Naeem , Ashraf Sohail , Malik Rabbiah Manzoor , Pasha Nadeem , Naeem Hafsa
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Covid-19 pandemic has instigated changes in the teaching and assessment practices of institutions in many parts of the world, resulting not only in online teaching but also in online assessments. The present study analyzes the perceptions of students regarding the first online assessments conducted at a medical college in Pakistan.

Materials and Methods: This Mixed method cross-sectional study was conducted in Wah Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan from July to November 2020. The questionnaire was developed after the collaboration of the authors and a review of the pertinent literature on online examinations. Universal sampling was done and all students of WMC were invited to participate in the study. Data collection was done by google forms and analysis was performed on SPSS.

Results: Students from all five years of the MBBS program participated almost equally in the study. Students of 1st, 3rd and 4th year were not contented with their performance in online exams whereas students of 2nd and 5th year were satisfied. Most students considered technological issues as a basis for their poor performance and proposed technical training before online exams. They also provided suggestions related to the improvement of examination formats and tools.

Conclusion: The majority of the students found the online assessment more effective and helpful in improving their performance in exams. Student perceptions provided valuable insights for improving the online examinations system at Wah Medical College.
Toward A Christian Transformational Leadership
Authors: Christian Avi , Natalia Lely , Bangun Joni A. , Hadijah Siti
Published: October 2022

Transformational leadership is a theory of leadership that has gained profound interest among scholars for decades. Compared to transactional leadership that emphasizes reward and punishment, transformational leadership style has focused more on the inner development of the followers. A leader with transformational leadership style would seek to stimulate his or her followers intellectually, so the transformation of the organization would start with the change of perception of the people. This article argues further that a Christian perspective could enrich the prominent theory of transformational leadership by placing Christ as the center of inspiration and God’s transformative power as the primary motivation to contribute toward the broader society. A Christian transformational leadership emphasizes God as the source of transformation and perceive the ability of the Christian leader to transforms the people as a horizontal expression of God’s transformative power experienced by the Christian leader. In other words, inner transformation leads toward the transformation of the world outside.
Bisnis Peralatan Sembahyang Ditinjau Dari Etika Kristen
Authors: Sidianto Daniel , Hermanto Yanto Paulus , Tanama Julia
Published: October 2022

There are several business sectors that disturb the tranquility of Christian life, types of business: producers of prayer paper, producers of hio or incense to hold ritual worship of gods, the making of statues of gods of worship. If the businessman is a non-Christian then it will certainly not cause problems, but if the businessman is a Christian then bring him into a dilemmatic state. What is the attitude of Christians towards life for this business of prayer equipment. First, it is indicated the problem of how the character of Christian businessmen is viewed from Christian Ethics. Christian business ethics in highlighting all business activities of Christians, including the production of prayer equipment should also be reviewed from the basis of devotion. The basis of devotion from biblical excavation in the context of devotion to mammon or to God is the basis for important considerations for Christians in conducting these business activities. Second, it is indicated that the problem of whether the business engaged in by Christians who produce prayer equipment fulfills the Great Commission of the Lord Jesus. The business of prayer equipment if it is a contextualization of the gospel into the business area that is a means of preaching the gospel, it will be a separate consideration, because in the business the prayer equipment becomes a forum for the implementation of the great Commission. Which resulted in the conclusion of the study answering the study regarding the title of this study.
PROGRAM PELATIHAN BERKELANJUTAN PENGEMBANGAN ORGANIC GREEN HOUSE PADA KOMODITAS MELON KOMERSIAL SEBAGAI PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS HORTIKULTURA NASIONAL
Authors: Susanto Hendra , Taufiq Ahmad , Gunawan Ari , Sholeh Moch
Published: October 2022

Tanaman hortikultura kategori pangan merupakan salah satu pendukung ketahanan pangan nasional (Armbruster and Macdonell 2017). Salah satu tanaman hortikultura terbesar di Indonesia adalah melon. Namun dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, komoditas hortikultura mengalami penurunan produktivitas yang cukup signifikan (Fuglie 2018). Penurunan tersebut ditunjukan dari data beberapa komoditas khususnya tanaman melon dan beberapa sayuran dari lokasi lahan pertanian yang ada di bawah naungan kemitraan gapoktan, dilaporkan hampir 60% mengalami gagal panen akibat cuaca ekstrem dan juga dengan keberadaan hama yang menurunkan kualitas hasil produksi. Jika permasalahan ini tidak diatasi akan menyebabkan kerugian besar di masa mendatang, permasalahan pada lahan pertanian akibat cuaca yang ekstrem setiap akhir tahunnya membuat penurunan hasil panen. Permasalahan jangka panjang yang akan terjadi jika permasalahan ini terus berlangsung adalah penurunan penyerapan tenaga kerja, padahal serapan tenaga kerja pada sektor agribisnis khususnya sayuran hortikultura menyumbang cukup besar bagi tenaga kerja di desa. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut tim Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Negeri Malang menggagas solusi berkelanjutan untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang terintegrasi ini melalui program pelatihan berkelanjutan pengembangan organic green house pada komoditas melon komersial sebagai usaha dalam meningkatkan produktivitas hortikultura nasional dengan berkolaborasi disertai edukasi dan pendampingan berupa organic green house untuk Gapoktan Berlian Nusantara Farm. Organic green house merupakan teknologi pengolahan pertanian melalui ruang tertutup yang dapat mencegah masuknya hama dan melindungi tanaman melon dari cuaca ekstrem yang dikolaborasikan dengan solusi perbaikan kondisi lahan pertanian melalui penerapan hasil pengembangan Standar Operasional Prosedur bertani organik pada melon. Pada percobaan penanaman melon berbasis greenhouse mampu menjamin hasil dari panen hortikultura, khususnya melon. Pada percobaan tanam melon di lahan terbuka sangat sulit dilakukan mengingat cuaca yang terkadang masih hujan, dan persentase terserang hama menjadi lebih besar.
PENDAMPINGAN LITERASI MEMBACA PADA GURU MADRASAH IBTIDAIYYAH JAWA BARAT
Authors: Enramika Tomi
Published: October 2022

Membaca merupakan salah satu hal yang penting dalam segala macam proses pembelajaran. Melalui membacalah berbagai  ilmu pengetahuan, yang dapat mengantarkan pada kesuksesan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan  implementasi  gerakan  literasi  membaca pada guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyyah Jawa Barat melalui  Kegiatan  dilaksanakan empat belas hari dengan metode Blendeed Learning. Melalui   kegiatan-kegiatan   yang   menyenangkan   sebagai upaya  penerapan  gerakan  literasi  membaca,  para  guru menjadi   lebih   antusias   dan   termotivasi   untuk   lebih meningkatkan literasi membaca di madrasahnya.
PENERAPAN TEKNIK EXPRESSIVE WRITING LANGKAH MEMBANTU SISWA MENGELOLA EMOSI
Authors: Halik Al , Helwa Aulia , Ramadhani Annisa
Published: October 2022

Emosi merupakan bagian penting dari kehidupan manusia dan melalui emosi tersebut seseorang mengungkapkan perasaannya. Perkembangan emosi siswa atau remaja yang baik ditandai dengan sejauh mana siswa mampu mengendalikan emosinya. Kematangan emosi berkaitan erat dengan usia seseorang, Namun, ini tidak berarti bahwa seiring bertambahnya usia, mereka secara otomatis mampu mengendalikan emosi mereka. Sehingga tidak sedikit masih ditemukan remaja yang salah dalam mengekpresikan emosinya kearah yang merugikan diri sendiri. Sasaran kegiatan siswa kelas VIII SMP TMI Roudhatul Qur’an. Melalui dua pendekatan bimbingan yaitu secara klasikal dan praktek kelompok. Hasil yang dicapai melalui kegiatan ini siswa dapat mengetahui dan memperoleh pemahaman baru mengenai cara untuk mencapai manajemen emosi yaitu dengan menulis, mengungkapkan pengalaman emosional melalui tulisan, karena tulisan dapat membantu individu mengurangi stress, menjernihkan pikiran, menstsabilkan emosi
OPTIMALISASI APLIKASI KEUANGAN DALAM MENDUKUNG KEGIATAN ADMINISTRASI DI PONDOK PESANTREN ALMUIN SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH SIDOARJO
Authors: Wulan Tri Deviasari , Susanto Fajar Annas , Sulistiyani Endang , Agustina Heni
Published: October 2022

Pondok Pesantren (Ponpes) Almuin memiliki 18 pengasuh dan 256 santri. Adapun Kegiatan dari Pondok Pesantren Almuin Syarif Hidayatullah adalah MTIT ( Majlis Ta’lim Ilmu Tauhid ), Madrasah Diniyah, TPQ dan Tahfidz. Ponpes Almuin masih baru berdiri, sehingga banyak kegiatan ponpes yang bersifat administrasi masih dilakukan secara manual. Hal ini menyebabkan banyak kegiatan operasional Ponpes khususnya keuangan yang tidak berjalan dengan optimal. Selain itu, jumlah pengasuh Ponpes yang masih sedikit menjadi salah satu kekurangan bagi Ponpes Almuin untuk mengelola administrasi keuangan dengan optimal. Aplikasi keuangan berbasis macros excel digunakan sebagai solusi dari masalah pengelolaan keuangan. Terdapat 2 fitur pada aplikasi keuangan yang dikembangkan yaitu fitur profil dan transaksi. Pedampingan dilakukan kepada dua pengurus pondok pesantren untuk membantu mengoperasikan aplikasi keuangan. Selain itu, sosialisasi tentang aplikasi keuangan juga dilakukan kepada seluruh pengurus pondok untuk memberitahukan manfaat dari aplikasi keuangan dalam pengelolaan administrasi keuangan pondok pesantren. Berdasarkan hasil sosialisasi terdapat peningkatan pemahaman sebesar 60% dalam manfaat aplikasi keuangan pada pengelolaan keuangan pondok pesantren.
Discursive Strategies of a Populist Leader in 2020 Romanian Legislative Elections: The Rhetoric and Political Style of George Simion
Authors: Gheorghe Andrei
Published: October 2022

Rhetoric and the politician’s political style are some of his/her most important tools and the technological and media revolution, mobile devices and social networks, have further emphasized their importance. The social networks help politicians to target a very circumscribed audience with their rhetoric, while mobile devices enable them to retain contact with their supporters and to exhibit their political style, in this instance populism. The article examines the speeches of the leader of the Alliance for the Union of Romanians Party (AUR), a new national-populist Romanian party, through the perspective of Chaim Perelman’s New Rhetoric and the populist style. The theory developed around the concept of fake news was also used in the development of the argument. According to this theory, the latest developments in the communication industry boosted the fake-news phenomenon, which, in turn, helped the populist leaders. The article is divided into four parts, each part addressing the theory around the new rhetoric; the theory of political style, i.e. populism; the qualitative case study; and the conclusions.
A Transmission Spectrum of the Sub-Earth Planet L98-59 b in 1.1–1.7 μm
Authors: Damiano Mario , Hu Renyu , Barclay Thomas , Zieba Sebastian , Kreidberg Laura , Brande Jonathan , Colon Knicole D. , Covone Giovanni , Crossfield Ian , Domagal-Goldman Shawn D. , Fauchez Thomas J. , Fiscale Stefano , Gallo Francesco , Gilbert Emily , Hedges Christina L. , Kite Edwin S. , Kopparapu Ravi K. , Kostov Veselin B. , Morley Caroline , Mullally Susan E. , Pidhorodetska Daria , Schlieder Joshua E. , Quintana Elisa V.
Published: October 2022

With the increasing number of planets discovered by the Transit Exoplanet Survey Satellite, the atmospheric characterization of small exoplanets is accelerating. L98-59 is an M-dwarf hosting a multiplanet system, and so far, four small planets have been confirmed. The innermost planet b is ∼15% smaller and ∼60% lighter than Earth, and should thus have a predominantly rocky composition. The Hubble Space Telescope observed five primary transits of L98-59 b in 1.1–1.7 μm, and here we report the data analysis and the resulting transmission spectrum of the planet. We measure the transit depths for each of the five transits and, by combination, we obtain a transmission spectrum with an overall precision of ∼20 ppm in for each of the 18 spectrophotometric channels. With this level of precision, the transmission spectrum does not show significant modulation, and is thus consistent with a planet without any atmosphere or a planet having an atmosphere and high-altitude clouds or haze. The scenarios involving an aerosol-free, H2-dominated atmosphere with H2O or CH4 are inconsistent with the data. The transmission spectrum also disfavors, but does not rule out, an H2O-dominated atmosphere without clouds. A spectral retrieval process suggests that an H2-dominated atmosphere with HCN and clouds or haze may be the preferred solution, but this indication is nonconclusive. Future James Webb Space Telescope observations may find out the nature of the planet among the remaining viable scenarios.
The Emptiness Inside: Finding Gaps, Valleys, and Lacunae with Geometric Data Analysis
Authors: Contardo Gabriella , Hogg David W. , Hunt Jason A. S. , Peek Joshua E. G. , Chen Yen-Chi
Published: October 2022

Discoveries of gaps in data have been important in astrophysics. For example, there are kinematic gaps opened by resonances in dynamical systems, or exoplanets of a certain radius that are empirically rare. A gap in a data set is a kind of anomaly, but in an unusual sense: instead of being a single outlier data point, situated far from other data points, it is a region of the space, or a set of points, that is anomalous compared to its surroundings. Gaps are both interesting and hard to find and characterize, especially when they have nontrivial shapes. We present in this paper a statistic that can be used to estimate the (local) “gappiness” of a point in the data space. It uses the gradient and Hessian of the density estimate (and thus requires a twice-differentiable density estimator). This statistic can be computed at (almost) any point in the space and does not rely on optimization; it allows us to highlight underdense regions of any dimensionality and shape in a general and efficient way. We illustrate our method on the velocity distribution of nearby stars in the Milky Way disk plane, which exhibits gaps that could originate from different processes. Identifying and characterizing those gaps could help determine their origins. We provide in an appendix implementation notes and additional considerations for finding underdensities in data, using critical points and the properties of the Hessian of the density.
7

7

A Python implementation of t methods presented here is available at https://github.com/contardog/FindTheGap.
Anisotropic Magnetic Turbulence in the Inner Heliosphere—Radial Evolution of Distributions Observed by Parker Solar Probe
Authors: Chhiber Rohit
Published: October 2022

Observations from Parker Solar Probe’s first five orbits are used to investigate the helioradial evolution of probability density functions (pdfs) of fluctuations of magnetic-field components between ∼28 and 200 R
⊙. Transformation of the magnetic-field vector to a local mean-field coordinate system permits examination of anisotropy relative to the mean magnetic-field direction. Attention is given to effects of averaging-interval size. It is found that pdfs of the perpendicular fluctuations are well approximated by a Gaussian function, with the parallel fluctuations less so: kurtoses of the latter are generally larger than 10, and their pdfs indicate increasing skewness with decreasing distance r from the Sun, with the latter observation possibly explained by the increasing Alfvénicity of the fluctuations. The ratio of perpendicular to parallel variances is greater than unity; this variance anisotropy becomes stronger with decreasing r. The ratio of the total rms fluctuation strength to the mean-field magnitude decreases with decreasing r, with a value ∼0.8 near 1 au and ∼0.5 at 0.14 au; the ratio is well approximated by an r
1/4 power law. These findings improve our understanding of the radial evolution of turbulence in the solar wind, and have implications for related phenomena such as energetic-particle transport in the inner heliosphere.
Variability in Protoplanetary Nebulae. IX. Evidence for Evolution in a Decade
Authors: Hrivnak Bruce J. , Lu Wenxian , Bakke William C. , Grimm Peyton J.
Published: October 2022

We have carried out a new photometric V,R

C
study of 12 protoplanetary nebulae, objects in the short-lived transition between the asymptotic giant branch and planetary nebula phases of stellar evolution. These had been the subjects of an earlier study, using data from 1994−2007, that found that all 12 varied periodically, with pulsation periods in the range of ∼38 to ∼150 days. They are all carbon-rich, with F−G spectral types. We combined our new (2008–2018) data with publicly available All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae data and determined new periods for their variability. The older and newer period values were compared to investigate evidence of period change, for which there is theoretical support that it might be detectable in a decade or two in some cases. Such a detection is challenging since the light curves are complicated, with multiple periods, changing amplitudes, and evidence of shocks. Nevertheless, we found one, and possibly two, such cases, which are associated with the higher-temperature stars in the sample (7250 and 8000 K). These results are most consistent with the evolution of stars at the lower end of the mass range of carbon stars, ∼1.5–2 M
☉. Several of the stars show longer-term trends of increasing (six cases) or decreasing (one case) brightness, which we think is most likely due to changes in the circumstellar dust opacity. There is one case of a possible ∼1.8 yr period in addition to the shorter pulsation. This is interpreted as possible evidence of an orbiting companion.
The Role of Strong Magnetic Fields in Stabilizing Highly Luminous Thin Disks
Authors: Mishra Bhupendra , Fragile P. Chris , Anderson Jessica , Blankenship Aidan , Li Hui , Nalewajko Krzysztof
Published: October 2022

We present and analyze a set of three-dimensional, global, general relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations of thin, radiation-pressure-dominated accretion disks surrounding a nonrotating, stellar-mass black hole. The simulations are initialized using the Shakura–Sunyaev model with a mass accretion rate of

M

̇

=
3

L

Edd

/

c

2

(corresponding to L = 0.17L
Edd). Our previous work demonstrated that such disks are thermally unstable when accretion is driven by an α-viscosity. In the present work, we test the hypothesis that strong magnetic fields can both drive accretion through magnetorotational instability and restore stability to such disks. We test four initial magnetic field configurations: (1) a zero-net-flux case with a single, radially extended set of magnetic field loops (dipole), (2) a zero-net-flux case with two radially extended sets of magnetic field loops of opposite polarity stacked vertically (quadrupole), (3) a zero-net-flux case with multiple radially concentric rings of alternating polarity (multiloop), and (4) a net-flux, vertical magnetic field configuration (vertical). In all cases, the fields are initially weak, with a gas-to-magnetic pressure ratio ≳100. Based on the results of these simulations, we find that the dipole and multiloop configurations remain thermally unstable like their α-viscosity counterpart, in our case collapsing vertically on the local thermal timescale and never fully recovering. The vertical case, on the other hand, stabilizes and remains so for the duration of our tests (many thermal timescales). The quadrupole case is intermediate, showing signs of both stability and instability. The key stabilizing factor is the ability of specific field configurations to build up and sustain strong, P
mag ≳ 0.5P
tot, toroidal fields near the midplane of the disk. We discuss the reasons why certain configurations are able to do this effectively and others are not. We then compare our stable simulations to the standard Shakura–Sunyaev disk.
Empirical Dust Attenuation Model Leads to More Realistic UVJ Diagram for TNG100 Galaxies
Authors: Nagaraj Gautam , Forbes John C. , Leja Joel , Foreman-Mackey Dan , Hayward Christopher C.
Published: October 2022

Dust attenuation varies substantially from galaxy to galaxy and as of yet cannot be reproduced from first principles in theoretical models. In Nagaraj et al., we developed the first Bayesian population model of dust attenuation as a function of stellar population properties and projected galaxy shape, built on spectral energy distribution fits of nearly 30,000 galaxies in the 3D-HST grism survey with broadband photometric coverage from the rest-frame UV to IR. In this paper, we apply the model, named “DustE,” to galaxies from the large-volume cosmological simulation TNG100 at z = 1. We produce a UVJ diagram and compare it with one obtained in previous work by applying approximate radiative transfer to the simulated galaxies. We find that the UVJ diagram based on our empirical model is in better agreement with observations than the previous effort, especially in the number density of dusty star-forming galaxies. We also construct the intrinsic dust-free UVJ diagram for TNG100 and 3D-HST galaxies at z ∼ 1, finding qualitative agreement but residual differences at the 10%–20% level. These differences may be caused by the finding that TNG100 galaxies have, on average, 29% younger stellar populations and possibly higher metallicities than observed galaxies.
The Age and Erosion Rate of Young Sedimentary Rock on Mars
Authors: Li An Y. , Kite Edwin S. , Keating Katarina
Published: October 2022

The Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is an enigmatic sedimentary unit near the equator of Mars, with an uncertain formation process and absolute age. Due to the heavily wind-eroded surface, it is difficult to determine the absolute model age of the MFF using a one-parameter model based on the crater size–frequency distribution function with existing crater count data. We create a new two-parameter model that estimates both age and a constant erosion rate (β) by treating cratering as a random Poisson process. Our study uses new crater count data collected from Context Camera imagery for both the MFF and other young equatorial sedimentary rock. Based on our new model, the Central MFF formed >1.5 Gyr ago and had low erosion rates (<650 nm yr−1), whereas the East MFF, Far East MFF, and Zephyria Planum most likely formed <1.5 Gyr ago and had higher erosion rates (>740 nm yr−1). The top of Aeolis Mons (informally known as Mount Sharp) in Gale Crater and Eastern Candor have relatively young ages and low erosion rates. Based on the estimated erosion rates (since fast erosion permits metastable shallow ice), we also identify several sites, including Zephyria Planum, as plausible locations for shallow subsurface equatorial water ice that is detectable by gamma-ray spectroscopy or neutron spectroscopy. In addition to confirming <1.5 Gyr sedimentary rock formations on Mars, and distinguishing older and younger MFF sites, we find that fast-eroding locations have younger ages and MFF locations with slower erosion have older best-fit ages.
Gestational diabetes mellitus: a growing economic concern
Authors: Staynova Radiana , Vasileva Emanuela , Yanachkova Vesselina
Published: October 2022

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication. Recent epidemiological data have shown that GDM prevalence has been on the increase worldwide. GDM could lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and is usually associated with higher costs for its treatment and management. Pharmacoeconomics has become a crucial component of the healthcare systems in recent years because of the steadily rising costs. Despite this, there are few pharmacoeconomic studies evaluating the expenses of pregnancies impacted by GDM.

This article presents a brief introduction to pharmacoeconomics and provides awareness of the economic impact of GDM. Studies associated with health care costs of GDM were reviewed and an attempt was made to determine its global economic burden.
Vitamin D 3 exerts immunomodulatory and memory improving properties in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation
Authors: Doncheva Nina , Mihaylova Anita , Zlatanova Hristina , Ivanovska Mariya , Delev Delian , Murdjeva Marianna , Kostadinov Ilia
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble secosteroid, its primary function being regulation of calcium-phosphate homeostasis and maintenance of bone integrity and mineralization. Recently, pleotropic effects of this vitamin have been recognized, including an immunomodulatory role and involvement in normal brain development and functioning.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of cholecalciferol on serum inflammatory markers and memory functions in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model of inflammation.

Materials and methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8): control group, LPS control group, LPS + cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) 500 UI group, and 1000 IU/kg bw group. Step-down passive avoidance test, novel object recognition test (NORT), Y- and T-maze were performed to assess the memory functions. Latency, recognition index (RI), % spontaneous alteration (SA), and working memory index were registered. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serum levels were measured by ELISA.

Results: LPS administration caused significant impairment in memory functions in all memory tasks. Cholecalciferol treatment caused significant increase in % SA, RI, and working memory index. In the step-down passive avoidance test, cholecalciferol-treated groups showed statistically significant increase in latency in the long-term memory test. Vitamin D3-treated rats showed decreased TNF-α and IL-1β serum levels whereas the concentration of TGF-β1 and BDNF increased.

Conclusions: Cholecalciferol improves spatial working and episodic memory, which can at least partially be explained with its effect on systemic inflammatory response that is closely related with the development of neuroinflammation.
Biological notes on Rhysipolis taiwanicus Belokobylskij (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rhysipolinae)
Authors: van Achterberg Cornelis , Lau Clive Siu-Ki
Published: October 2022

Data on the cocoons and possibly host of Rhysipolis taiwanicus Belokobylskij, 1988 (Braconidae, Rhysipolinae) are presented for the first time. Their peculiar cocoons found on the upper surface of a leaf of Rhaphiolepis indica (L.) Lindl. are described and illustrated. The species is new for Hong Kong and the second record after its description from Taiwan.
Meteorus lucianae sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a new parasitoid of the bud borer Crocidosema aporema (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)
Authors: Ventura de Almeida Luis Felipe , Penteado-Dias Angélica Maria
Published: October 2022

Crocidosema aporema is a Neotropical Tortricidae moth that feeds on several wild and cultivated Fabaceae, and has a potential to cause economic damages. A new parasitoid wasp belonging to the genus Meteorus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), which has been reared from C. aporema feeding on soybean in Brazil, is described and illustrated. A checklist of parasitoids previously recorded for C. aporema is provided.
Three new species and one new country record of velvet ants (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) from Thailand
Authors: Thaochan Narit , Williams Kevin A. , Thoawan Kodeeyah , Jeenthong Tadsanai , Sittichaya Wisut
Published: October 2022

Three new species of velvet ants known from females are here described: Mickelomyrme leleji Sittichaya & Williams, sp. nov., Nordeniella dokbua Sittichaya & Williams, sp. nov., and Smicromyrme songkhwae Sittichaya & Williams, sp. nov. One additional species is newly recorded from Thailand: Bischoffitilla selangorensis (Pagden). Synoptic list of Mutillidae in Thailand Natural History Museum with new records is given.
Twitter Use Among Orthopedic Surgery Journals Correlates With Increased Citation Rates
Authors: Khalid Mohammed Asad , Verma Arjun , Kazan Osman , Chen Jie
Published: October 2022

Use of alternative online means of distribution for research is a rapidly evolving area in orthopedics. In this study, we investigate the impact of Twitter on research citation rates and the association between Altmetric Attention Score (AAS) and citation rates across major orthopedic journals. Original research articles published in a selection of 10 journals between January 2018 and December 2018 were analyzed for number and source of tweets, AAS, and number of citations. We determined the relationship between Twitter use of different sources and number of citations across all journals and within each individual journal, any statistical differences in citations and AAS for tweeted vs nontweeted articles, and the correlation between journal impact factor and average number of monthly tweets. We included 2916 articles in our study, at an average of 26 months after publication. The mean AAS was 9.7 (SD, 45.1; range, 0–1125), and mean citation rate was 6.4 (SD, 8.5; range, 0–166). Impact factor was strongly correlated with average monthly tweets (
r
2
=0.77). Tweeted articles received 8.51 citations on average, compared with 2.56 citations for nontweeted articles (
P
<.05). Tweets sent by the author/department had the highest impact on future citations (
P
<.01). Tweets by news outlets had a smaller, positive effect on citations (
P
<.01). Tweets sent by
Arthroscopy
(
P
<.01) and
Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics
(
P
<.01) had high impacts compared with other journals. [
Orthopedics
. 2023;46(1):e38–e44.]
A Glass Ceiling in Orthopedic Surgery: Publication Trends by Gender
Authors: Johnson Mitchell A. , Weber Kristy L. , Parambath Andrew , Shah Neal , Dardas Agnes Z. , Ronen Shelly , Shah Apurva S.
Published: October 2022

Women are underrepresented across the field of orthopedic surgery and may face barriers to academic advancement. Research presentation at national meetings and publication record are important drivers of advancement in academic orthopedic surgery. However, little is known regarding potential gender differences in publication after orthopedic conference research presentation. This investigation analyzed research presentations at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons in 2016 and 2017. Author gender was determined through a search of institutional and professional networking websites for gender-specific pronouns. Resulting publications were identified using a systematic search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases. A total of 1696 of 1803 (94.1%) abstracts from 2016 to 2017 had identifiable gender for both the first and last authors, with 1213 (71.5%) abstracts ultimately being published. There were no differences in average sample size or level of evidence between genders. Abstracts authored by women were significantly less likely to lead to publication compared with those by men (67.1% vs 72.1%,
P
=.023), with articles authored by women having a longer median time to publication (median, 20 months [interquartile range, 19] vs 17 months [interquartile range, 15];
P
=.003). This discrepancy was most apparent in adult reconstruction, with women having a 15.5% lower rate of publication (55.1% [27/49] vs 70.6% [307/435];
P
=.026) and lower publication journal impact factor (2.7±1.4 vs 3.4±3.4,
P
=.040) than men. Potential reasons for these discrepancies, including disproportionate domestic obligations, inadequate mentorship, and bias against female researchers, should be addressed. [
Orthopedics
. 2023;46(2):e118–e124.]
Hybrid multi-objective metaheuristic algorithms for solving airline crew rostering problem with qualification and language
Authors: Deng Bin , Ding Ran , Li Jingfeng , Huang Junfeng , Tang Kaiyi , Li Weidong
Published: October 2022

In order to cope with the rapid growth of flights and limited crew members, the rational allocation of crew members is a strategy to greatly alleviate scarcity. However, if there is no appropriate allocation plan, some flights may be canceled because there is no pilot in the scheduling period. In this paper, we solved an airline crew rostering problem (CRP). We model the CRP as an integer programming model with multiple constraints and objectives. In this model, the schedule of pilots takes into account qualification restrictions and language restrictions, while maximizing the fairness and satisfaction of pilots. We propose the design of two hybrid metaheuristic algorithms based on a genetic algorithm, variable neighborhood search algorithm and the Aquila optimizer to face the trade-off between fairness and crew satisfaction. The simulation results show that our approach preserves the fairness of the system and maximizes the fairness at the cost of crew satisfaction.
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a young adult female
Authors: Chimeli-Ormonde Luiza , Vasconcelos Lúcia Helena Ferreira , Silva Roberto Rangel Alves , Bastos Patricia Sanson Pereira
Published: October 2022

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is characterized by the accumulation of air in the mediastinum with no identified cause. It is a rare and self-limiting condition. We report the case of a 32-year-old female patient with controlled bronchial asthma, who presented with spontaneous pneumomediastinum, with no precipitating event. The evolution is generally benign and the treatment is conservative. Symptomatic medication may be instituted.
Valid Blockchain-Based E-Voting Using Elliptic Curve and Homomorphic Encryption
Authors: Salman Saba Abdul-Baqi , Sufyan Al-Janabi  , Sagheer Ali Makki
Published: October 2022

Improving the voting system has become a widely discussed issue. Paper-based elections are not safe because of the possibility of changing and adding ballots. Consequently, many countries use e-voting systems to ensure security, authenticity and time efficiency. Blockchain e-voting systems can be adopted to reduce fraud and increase voting access from home, especially in pandemics. This paper suggests a blockchain e-voting system that tackles two security and authentication issues. The security has been ensured using hybrid public-key cryptography; the voter information is encrypted using the regional election office elliptic public key, while the homomorphic public supreme election authority encrypts the vote. Using homomorphic encryption for voice enables the calculations of results as the authority encrypts it without revealing the vote itself. Authentication has been improved for home voting by a robust login system. This login system consists of two steps. In the first step, the voter enters the site using his unique QR code number scanned by webcam; in the second step, the system checks the voter's face using a face recognition system by web camera to be routed to the voting page. Voting public keys are also authenticated using a digital certificate schema. The system has been tested to show its efficiency and suitability in block establishment time and the encryption and key generator randomness using NIST tests.