bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating 2M1155−79B: A Nearby, Young, Low-mass Star Actively Accreting from a Nearly Edge-on, Dusty Disk
Authors: Dickson-Vandervelde D. Annie , Kastner Joel H. , Gagné Jonathan , Schneider Adam C. , Faherty Jacqueline , Wilson Emily C. , Pinte Christophe , Ménard Francois
Published: October 2022

We investigate the nature of an unusually faint member of the ϵ Cha association (D ∼ 100 pc, age ∼5 Myr), the nearest region of star formation of age <8 Myr. This object, 2MASS J11550336−7919147 (2M1155−79B), is a wide-separation (∼580 au), comoving companion to low-mass (M3) ϵ Cha association member 2MASS J11550485−7919108 (2M1155−79A). We present near-infrared (NIR) spectra of both components, along with analysis of photometry from Gaia Early Data Release 3, the Two Micron All Sky Survey, the Vista Hemisphere Survey, and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). The NIR spectrum of 2M1155−79B displays strong He i 1.083 emission, a sign of active accretion and/or accretion-driven winds from a circumstellar disk. Analysis of WISE archival data reveals that the mid-infrared excess previously associated with 2M1155−79A instead originates from the disk surrounding 2M1155−79B. Based on these results, as well as radiative transfer modeling of its optical/IR spectral energy distribution, we conclude that 2M1155−79B is most likely a young, late M star that is partially obscured by, and actively accreting from, a nearly edge-on circumstellar disk. This would place 2M1155−79B among the rare group of nearby (D ≲ 100 pc), young (age <10 Myr) mid-M stars that are orbited by and accreting from highly inclined protoplanetary disks. Like these systems, the 2M1155−79B system is a particularly promising subject for studies of star and planet formation around low-mass stars.
Osteochondroma after acute skeletal infection: a primary or a secondary lesion?
Authors: Sferopoulos Nikolaos
Published: October 2022

Secondary or acquired osteochondroma may develop following radiation exposure, trauma or surgery, and osteomyelitis. This report presents a 15-year-old patient with an osteochondroma of the anterolateral left distal tibial metaphysis, who received surgical treatment for an acute suppurative arthritis of the left ankle joint at the age of 4 years. The purpose of this paper is to present the challenging diagnostic enigma of the osteochondroma’s etiology in our patient between a primary versus a secondary lesion. After analysing retrospectively the available information in the patient’s files, we concluded that the osteochondroma was likely a primary lesion with modified presentation due to infection.
Developmental venous anomaly causing obstructive hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis: а case report
Authors: Bogovski Stefan , Sirakova Kristina , Sirakov Alexander , Vladev Georgi , Sirakov Stanimir
Published: October 2022

Cerebral developmental venous anomalies are asymptomatic benign cerebrovascular malformations that are commonly found accidentally on brain magnetic resonance imaging. It is not uncommon for cerebrospinal fluid flow to be obstructed at the level of the aqueduct of Sylvius, causing an obstructive non-communicating hydrocephalus. Most notable reasons for such an obstruction at that level are tumors, congenital etiology, or post-inflammatory gliotic atresia.

Herein we present the case of a 65-year-old male patient with an unusual symptomatic developmental venous anomalies causing stenosis and obstruction of the aqueduct of Sylvius at the level of the mesencephalon. Features of this case are discussed together with its implications, including recognizing, diagnosing, and treating such a finding.
New deletion in LAMP2 causing familial Danon disease. Effect of the X-chromosome inactivation
Authors: Sivitskaya Larysa , Vaikhanskaya Tatiyana , Danilenko Nina , Liaudanski Aleh , Davydenko Oleg , Zhelev Nikolai
Published: October 2022

Danon disease (DD), a rare X-linked genetic illness with a poor prognosis, is caused by a mutation in the lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 gene (LAMP2). Three main clinical features of this pathology are cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, and mental retardation. Most Danon disease mutations create premature stop codons resulting in the decrease or absence of LAMP2 protein.

The present case reports the frameshift variant c.190_191delАС in the LAMP2 in the family with sudden cardiac death history and three members with cardiomyopathy. The presenting phenotype in a female proband with c.190_191delАС was isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in her thirties whereas in two males, DD presented as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and mild skeletal myopathy since childhood. To examine the contribution of X-inactivation to cardiomyopathy onset we estimated the X-inactivation status in the heart tissue of the affected female. We observed the random pattern (66:34) with the proportion of cardiomyocytes expressing healthy LAMP2 allele reduced to 34%. Deletion c.190_191delАС has led to a complete loss of function LAMP2 due to a single copy of this gene in males. In a woman, cardiomyopathy developed because of both the LAMP2 mutation and a decrease in the expression of a healthy allele in the heart.

Based on the strong association of truncating LAMP2 mutations with DD and phenotypes in affected members, the variant c.190_191delАС was classified as pathogenic.
Child abuse syndrome – a forensic case of fatal impulsive act of violence
Authors: Tsranchev Ivan , Timonov Pavel , Spasov Svetlozar , Dobrev Todor , Yancheva Stela , Gulinac Milena , Fasova Antoaneta
Published: October 2022

Child abuse syndrome is a medico-social problem widely spread around the world, which includes a complex of clinically manifested forms of violence against children. This syndrome includes different forms of physical violence, sexual violence, neglect, and emotional violence against children. The main problem with this type of violence continues to be the large number of unregistered “hidden” cases. The consequences of violence against children are serious and have a lasting negative effect on the physical and mental health of the victims. Child abuse is often a result of impulsive violent behavior with minimal provocation and may have a fatal outcome.

We present a case of a 3-year-old boy, admitted to the Emergency Department of the Municipal Hospital in Asenovgrad, Bulgaria, in a state of biological death. Case circumstances during the police investigation were unclear and the body was transported for forensic examination. During the forensic autopsy, many traumatic injuries were observed over the whole body – bruises of different ages, fractures of bones, abdominal trauma with bucket-handle tear of the mesentery, thoracic trauma with contusions and ruptures of the lungs, rupture of the diaphragm, and many other injuries that are specific predictors for this type of child physical abuse.

The main aim of the present report is to enrich the knowledge of medical workers in their routine practical work in the identification and determination of child abuse syndrome. It could prevent the fatal outcome and reduce the mortality from this specific type of violence.
Use of contraceptives by Roma women from Plovdiv region
Authors: Vladimirova Marieta , Amudzhiyan Diruhi , Momchilova Teodora , Becheva Maria Vakrilova
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The share of unwanted pregnancies and voluntary abortions among women from Central and Eastern Europe is still quite high, and Bulgaria is no exception to this statistic. This might be accounted for by the low frequency of use of contraceptives or their improper use. Our country is home to a variety of ethnic groups, with Roma being one of the most numerous, ranking third in population behind Bulgarians and Turks. This determines the influence of this ethnic group on the demographic indicators of the country.

Aim: To study the knowledge of contraceptive use and the frequency of use of contraceptive methods and means among Roma women from the Plovdiv region and the factors influencing it.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 70 Roma women via structured, anonymous interviews in 2019. Statistical data analysis was performed using non-parametric methods, descriptive and correlation analyses.

Results: The main method of preventing unwanted pregnancies for the Roma is the interrupted intercourse. The husband and his mother influence the decision to use contraception. Higher education and financial security have a positive effect on the frequency of contraceptive use.

Conclusions: Reproductive behaviour among Roma is largely determined by their ethnic traditions. Characteristic features were observed, such as early marriages, early sexual intercourse, short pro- and intergenetic interval. Roma women have little knowledge of the various methods and means of preventing unwanted pregnancies. The frequency of contraceptive use is very low.
Central retinal artery occlusion in a patient with sickle cell disease treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
Authors: Pikija Slaven , Peycheva Marieta V. , Aghayan-Ugurluoglu Rousan , Ganser Bernhard , Trinka Eugen
Published: October 2022

Central retinal artery occlusion is a rare ophthalmological complication of sickle cell disease, usually provoked by additional contributing risk factors and its treatment remains controversial. We describe a patient with sickle cell disease and a spontaneous central retinal artery occlusion of his left eye that probably has good result from intravenous thrombolysis. We want to add sickle cell disease as rare etiological cause of central retinal artery occlusion and perpetuate evidence of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator administration in this condition.
In vitro antiviral activities of fruit extract from Lycium barbarum and methylxanthines extracted from Pu-erh and Bancha tea leaves
Authors: Vilhelmova Neli , Nikolova Ivanka , Georgiev Kaloyan D. , Slavov Iliya J.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Based on traditional medicine, many countries use various plant products (fruits, leaves and other plant parts) as food supplements or in the form of tea. The use of these plant sources has been established through the years of use and the proven benefits of their ingredients to improve human health.

Aim: In the present study, we have focused on the effect of Lycium barbarum fruit extract and methylxanthines isolated from Pu-erh (MXP) and Bancha (MXB) tea leaves on Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), poliovirus 1 (PV1) and coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1) virus in vitro.

Materials and methods: We used in vitro antiviral and virus attachment assays to determine the effects of the three extracts we studied.

Results: None of the extracts showed significant inhibition of replication of the three treated viruses but a remarkable inhibitory effect on extracellular virions of HSV-1 was exhibited 30 minutes after exposure, especially by the Lycium barbarum extract. The inhibitory effect of the three extracts on the level of adsorption of the HSV-1 to sensitive cells (MDBK) was also significant, with the most pronounced effect of the MXP. The protective effect of the extracts against herpes infection on healthy cells was also determined, the MXP showing the most notable effect.

Conclusions: The three studied extracts can be used effectively in the treatment of herpes infections, as well as in infections with other enveloped viruses.
Elevation gradient affects the distribution and host utilisation of Zatypota anomala (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) associated with mesh web weaving spiders (Araneae, Dictynidae)
Authors: Korenko Stanislav , Sýkora Jakub , Černecká Ľudmila , Gajdoš Peter , Purgat Pavol , Černecký Ján , Holý Kamil , Heneberg Petr , Agnarsson Ingi
Published: October 2022

The spatial distribution of parasitoids is closely linked to the distribution and ecological requirements of their hosts. Several studies have documented changes in the fauna composition of parasitoids in response to elevation, but data on parasitoids associated with spiders are missing. The koinobiont ichneumonid wasp Zatypota anomala is strictly specialised on spiders of the genus Dictyna (Dictynidae) in Europe. We examined the distribution of spiders of the family Dictynidae in forest ecotones in central Europe across a broad elevation gradient (110–1466 m a.s.l.). We checked the spiders for parasitism by Z. anomala. It was most abundant at the mid-elevations (median 712 m a.s.l., range 179–870 m a.s.l.). We identified four dictynid spider species as Z. anomala hosts. These were Dictyna arundinacea, Dictyna uncinata, Nigma flavescens, and Nigma walckenaeri. All four species and the genus Nigma were recorded as hosts for the first time. The parasitoids strongly preferred juvenile instars of their hosts. The body length differed between parasitised Dictyna and Nigma spiders (medians: 1.95 mm and 2.55 mm, respectively). The distribution of Dictyna and Nigma spiders overlapped along the elevation gradient, but parasitism incidence significantly differed between spider genera along the elevation gradient. Nigma was parasitized at lower elevations between 179–254 m a.s.l. and Dictyna at higher elevations between 361–870 m a.s.l. The phenology of Z. anomala is closely tied to the univoltine life strategy of its host spiders. The parasitoid female oviposits in autumn, and its offspring overwinter as larvae on the host, reach adulthood during spring, and pass the summer as an adult.
Genetic divergence and aggressiveness within a supercolony of the invasive ant Linepithema humile
Authors: Sanmartín-Villar Iago , Cruz da Silva Everton , Chiara Violette , Cordero-Rivera Adolfo , Lorenzo-Carballa M. Olalla
Published: October 2022

Biological invasions constitute an opportunity to study the evolutionary processes behind species’ adaptations. The invasive potential of some species, like the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile), has likely been increasing because they show low intraspecific competition. However, multiple introductions over time or genetic divergence could increase the probability of intraspecific competition, constituting barriers for their dispersal and thus, decreasing invasive success. Here, we studied the genetic and behavioural variability of L. humile workers collected at six locations on the NW coast of the Iberian Peninsula, a possible scenario for multiple introductions and population divergence, due to its high level of maritime traffic and complex coastal geography. We analysed behaviours related to spatial navigation (exploration, wall-following), resources acquisition, and competition (inter and intraspecific aggressiveness) through two relevant seasons for the nest ecology: spring and autumn. Genetic analyses using microsatellites indicated that the nests studied belonged to the most spread supercolony in South Europe. However, we identified the existence of two genetically differentiated clusters in Galiza. Lethal interactions were found between workers from different and similar genetic clusters, but a trend suggests higher agonistic behaviours between the two genetic groups. Genetic differences were positively correlated with the geographical distance, but aggressiveness was not correlated with any of them. Ants from each of the tested nests expressed different behaviours with high plasticity through time. Ants from all nests showed more exploration and aggressiveness, less wall-following and faster detection of food in autumn than in spring, with no intraspecific aggressiveness observed in spring. Our findings suggest competition between nests of the same supercolony and behavioural seasonal variability, supporting the hypothesis of divergent evolutionary processes. The results of our work question the assumed unity of supercolonies of this species and offer insights for understanding the future adaptation of L. humile in the introduced areas.
Chemical and biological properties of bio-active compounds from garlic (Allium sativum)
Authors: Bazaraliyeva Aigerim , Moldashov Dias , Turgumbayeva Aknur , Kartbayeva Elmira , Kalykova Assem , Sarsenova Lazzat , Issayeva Raushan
Published: October 2022

Garlic (Allium sativum) is one of the oldest cultivated plants. It has been used as a spice, food, and folk medicine for many years. Garlic contains about 2000 biologically active components. For centuries, scientists have obtained a variety of compositions and physiological activities of garlic, depending on the methods of processing and extraction. Many review articles were published, where the object of the study was garlic. But there are very few broad literature reviews where garlic has been fully disclosed as a medicinal raw material. The study found that some garlic products and processing procedures were not standardized or tested for safety. A broad overview of this object can direct the attention of the scientific community in the right direction. This review contains various processing methods and yields from these extracts. In addition, most of the key physiological properties of the active substances of the raw materials are prescribed.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis Is Not Necessary for Invasive Dental Procedures in Existing Total Knee Arthroplasty Implants
Authors: Sax Oliver C. , Bains Sandeep S. , Chen Zhongming , Delanois Ronald E. , Nace James
Published: October 2022

Antibiotic prophylaxis before an invasive dental procedure (IDP) for patients with preexisting knee implants has been suggested, but its use has yet to reach consensus. Therefore, we sought to examine antibiotic prophylaxis before an IDP for patients who had undergone a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We specifically assessed 90-day to 1-year (1) periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and (2) revision. We queried a national, all-payer database for patients undergoing primary TKA between 2010 and 2020 (n=1,952,917). We identified IDP, as defined by any procedure that involves gingival manipulation, and stratified according to antibiotic prophylaxis. A control cohort of TKA recipients without subsequent IDP was then established. All 3 cohorts were matched according to demographic and health metrics (n=496). Chi-square testing generated the odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI for postoperative PJI and revision. The odds for PJI and revision at all time points were statistically similar between antibiotic prophylaxis and no antibiotic prophylaxis (PJI: OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.11–4.00;
P
≥.479; revision: OR, ≥0.33; 95% CI, 0.03–4.00;
P
≥.248). Additionally, both IDP cohorts and the control cohort had similar rates of postoperative PJI (
P
≥.367) and revision (
P
≥.173) at all time points. Antibiotic prophylaxis before an IDP for TKA recipients did not decrease the risk of PJI or revision up to 1 year after the index procedure. These results support the trend by dentists and orthopedic surgeons to refrain from antibiotic prophylaxis. However, it likely has utility in patients at high risk, as suggested by current guidelines. [
Orthopedics
. 2023;46(2):76–81.]
Isolated Spinal Cord Neurocysticercosis
Authors: Kus Joseph Michael , Panah Elnaz , Rosenblum Jordan , Bashir Mariah
Published: October 2022

The incidence of neurocysticercosis is increasing in the US. The diagnosis is primarily made based on imaging findings, with clinical presentation and epidemiological exposure also playing a role. The differential diagnosis for neurocysticercosis (NCC) is extensive, and being able to differentiate between these conditions on imaging is crucial to making a proper diagnosis. Herein we present a case of a 37-year-old female who presented with lower extremity weakness and was found to have isolated spinal NCC. In this article, we will discuss the symptoms and imaging findings of neurocysticercosis to help guide diagnosis and management.
COG Tool: An Automated Cognitive Measurement of Workload for Mobile Event Logging
Authors: Saleh Ashraf Mousa , Enaizan Odai
Published: October 2022

Cognitive workload has been defined as the cognitive processing amount needed by a user in using an application. Cognitive load theory has been gaining increasing levels of importance within usability evaluations for mobile applications and the user interface. The PACMAD model has proven that cognitive workload (CL) can be seen as being a primary usability evaluation attribute in relation to mobile applications. Once the tasks that have been assigned to users within the environment of the mobile application have been performed by the evaluator, he/she subjectively measures the CL. Typically, subjective measurements are taken at a point following completion of a task and so they are static. Since these methods are static in nature, they are inappropriate for assessment of dynamic changes to the cognitive loads through user interaction. Robust measurement of the cognitive load of a user within real-time is not a simple, trivial undertaking. Lots of research studies have tried to assess the CL of users through use of various subjective measurements, though it is often the case that those approaches are unsuitable for use with real-life applications because of the high degree of intrusiveness. Automated measurement is seen as being a field that is relatively unexplored, particularly if used in relation to CL for mobile applications. The COG tool (CL automated tool) is proposed in this paper since it supports the interaction logging of the user for derivation of CL metrics that are based upon both secondary and primary tasks. Several strengths are provided by the automated measurement of CL, and it fills the gaps of a static nature of its non-objective, automated (subjective) counterpart. Within this research, in order for the study aim to be satisfied, objective CL metrics have been used by the researcher, i.e., task time, task success rate, number of touches, number of errors, duration on help, help visit count, total effort percentage and reaction on help. A total of 68 participants were recruited for the experiment, with them using an AAU mobile application through performance of a task that was predefined without there being any interference of a moderator or researcher. The findings showed that the proposed tool could fulfill the expected cognitive load monitoring functions amongst user interaction, collection of cognitive metrics and the logging of CL metrics that could be analyzed further.
Proposed New Blockchain Consensus Algorithm
Authors: Mohammed Mohanad A. , Abdul Wahab Hala B.
Published: October 2022

Blockchain technology considers the central technology that is used within many applications used frequently with human life. And the primary core of the blockchain is the consensus algorithm which may affect the security of the chain as well as the required resource consumption which affect mainly the blockchain performance directly. In recent years many consensus algorithms have been used and proposed such as proof of work (PoW) and proof of stake (PoS) and many others. However, these algorithms still need some improvement to the security and system resource consumption which will reduce the need for a huge amount of energy and save the environment as well as let the blockchain be useable within low computation ability devices such as the internet of things devices (IoT). This paper proposes a new consensus algorithm that ensures the integrity and authorization of nodes participating in the validation of the transaction and only a predefined number of nodes chosen randomly to participate in block addition which reduces the need for high computations power for mining and voting. The proposed algorithm needs lower time and computation costs comparable to the standard POW algorithm.
Defining Play in the Healthcare Setting
Authors: Whitaker Julia M.
Published: October 2022

Over the course of the past 60 years, the endorsement of therapeutic play and play-based services have transformed the healthcare experience of children, young people, and their families around the globe. Play and recreational activity are now recognized as essential to the provision of ‘the highest attainable standard of health', advocated in Articles 24 and 31 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. This chapter examines the scope of therapeutic play provision in pediatric healthcare settings in the UK, using Moyles' tripartite pedagogy of play to differentiate the form and function of play in the context of modern healthcare delivery, while highlighting some of the challenges to defining play in the healthcare setting. The chapter endorses the principles of evidence-informed practice by drawing on a range of sources to demonstrate the evolving role of therapeutic play in the healthcare context.
An Update Proposal for Article 31 of the UN Convention
Authors: Simonelli Ilaria
Published: October 2022

The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child establishes that play is a human right. What happens when a child is in hospital? Hospitals and healthcare services may not be considered as settings of cultural and artistic life, but they are pivotal for the child's health. And for this reason, Article 31 should be enriched by including them in its definition.
The Rights of Hospitalized Children
Authors: Cihanoğlu Mine
Published: October 2022

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) has been ratified by more countries than any other international treaty. It brings obligations to states and adults regarding all their actions concerning children. This chapter aims to discuss the circumstances of hospitalized children with a rights-based approach by first introducing an overview of the fundamental issues in the CRC. Then, the rights of hospitalized children, including the best interests of the child, the right to be heard, provision of healthcare, and the right to play, are examined. The role of digital media in supporting hospitalized children's rights are also discussed. Improving the quality of healthcare services for hospitalized children and, in particular, facilitating their right to participation requires the use of child-friendly methods. To illustrate, a computer-assisted interview technique that helps children to communicate the details of their life and experiences is introduced. Play specialization interventions are also discussed in relation to the other topics covered in the chapter.
When Vision Is Unreliable
Authors: Akay Selen , Kanero Junko , Alp Nihan
Published: October 2022

Play holds an important and irreplaceable role in children's lives and development as it allows children to learn essential skills varying in nature and difficulty such as reading, arithmetic, and social skills. Children with neurodivergent conditions such as blindness, color vision deficiency (CVD), cortical visual impairment (CVI), and developmental dyslexia (DD) are unable to take advantage of their vision, a vital sense for navigating through the environment designed by and for typically developing (TD) individuals. These children are often not provided with tools and activities sufficient to learn and live at ease along with their peers. When they are in hospitals and other clinical settings, the struggles can be further amplified. This chapter discusses how these conditions affect young children and introduces various playful learning activities and interventions that can assist their social and cognitive development.
The Little Giant
Authors: Matsudaira Chika
Published: October 2022

This chapter is a case study of a Japanese boy who was born premature and needed to inject hormones for growth. The boy was rejecting the everyday injections which caused damage to the family relationship, especially the mother and child. As a hospital play specialist, the author started individual play sessions to help the child. First, the aim of these sessions was to prepare the child so that he could self-inject. But as the session went on, it was clear that the boy had been traumatized at a very early age and many misunderstandings were the cause of the rejection. Play contributed the main role for the boy to understand what happened while his stay in hospital and to present his true feelings towards his treatment and how he looked about himself. Readers will understand that play has helped him to be resilient.
Palliative Care and Hospice
Authors: Hernandez Danielle Eaves , Tresnan Emmalee , Taylor-Brickey Magellan
Published: October 2022

This chapter explores the emerging field of child life specialists' (CLS) role in hospital and community-based palliative and hospice care services. Relying heavily on their knowledge of child development, play, family systems, and grief to support patients and families through the trajectory of one's illness, child life specialists can adapt their skills to provide support in this environment. A CLS cannot change what is happening medically but can promote positive experiences for children involved to mitigate the potential trauma, ideally resulting in more positive psychosocial outcomes. Goals of care for CLSs in these settings can include developmentally appropriate education about a diagnosis, treatment plan, physical changes, prognosis, or end of life; various forms of play and therapeutic interventions for processing and the expression of feelings or emotions; memory-making; legacy building; anticipatory grief support; promoting opportunities to say goodbye; funeral or memorial preparation and advocacy for involvement; and bereavement support.
School
Authors: Holst-VanNoord Audra , Lewin Jessica , Rosborough Courtney
Published: October 2022

Child life specialists in schools help students, school staff, and families function more cohesively, advocating for the needs of each individual while continuing to prioritize child development. This chapter will outline the student and staff needs that child life specialists are uniquely suited to meet while also giving an overview of interventions, supports, roles, and coping strategies that can be led by a child life specialist within the school setting. Throughout this chapter, one will see how easily a child life specialist can integrate into existing systems or propose a new position within the school environment.
Law Enforcement
Authors: Foster Jessica , Ryan Amelia
Published: October 2022

Child life specialists working with law enforcement are valuable in providing direct support and timely intervention in the community. This chapter discusses the implementation of a child life specialist in the role of a victim services provider including practical applications of interventions and opportunities for further consideration. With additional training on law enforcement basics and criminal justice processes, child life specialists have the expertise necessary to bridge the gap between law enforcement and victims of crime. This chapter also introduces the positive impact of employing Certified Child Life Specialists in the police athletic league setting. It illustrates the importance of the role of child life working in the urban community setting with youth and police officers to help normalize the environment, encourage positive coping techniques, and support and advocate for youth and families' psychosocial needs.
Disaster Relief
Authors: Murphy Lindsey
Published: October 2022

Child life specialists have been supporting children and families in disaster relief settings for years. It is imperative to understand the needs of children affected by disasters and continue to integrate child life services to best support the psychological and emotional outcomes of children and families. This chapter will define disasters and the disaster management cycle, overview key factors in assessing children's needs related to disasters, identify how child life services are utilized during each phase of disaster relief, and identify future opportunities for child life services in disaster relief.
Disability
Authors: Andrews Vanessa Carolyn
Published: October 2022

The number of children living with a disability is substantial and expanding. Children with disabilities and their families are disproportionately exposed to adverse experiences, increased stress and stigmatization, face more barriers, and are more likely to be diagnosed with mental health disorders. Unfortunately, adequate and specifically tailored professionals, programs, and interventions aimed to enhance resilience, support families, and decrease stigma have not increased proportionately. Certified Child Life Specialists (CCLS) promote coping, validate emotions, and use play-based techniques to build relationships and increase understanding of difficult experiences. By increasing the availability of Certified Child Life Specialists in community settings, children with disabilities and their families will gain additional advocacy, insight, and opportunities to lead fuller, more supported lives.
Behavioral Health
Authors: Nunez Angeles , Danielson Bridgette
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the developmental and behavioral needs of children and adolescents with mental health concerns and to demonstrate how child life services can be used in a variety of settings both in and out of healthcare. This chapter emphasizes how child life specialists can adapt their skills to meet the needs of the pediatric mental health population, their families, and the interdisciplinary team. Child life specialists can provide psychosocial support to psychiatric patients and families by addressing developmental concerns, identifying emotional and coping needs, and advocating for trauma-informed and family-centered care.
Transgender and Gender Expansive
Authors: Ortega Adrianna , French Christy
Published: October 2022

This chapter focuses on using the child life competencies to support transgender/gender expansive children and their families. The chapter highlights challenges families face and addresses the important support they need, helping families identify coping skills and model peer interactions related to gender identity. Additionally, it is intended to provide child life specialists with foundational knowledge about gender identity which will guide and influence their work when they support children who are transgender or gender expansive.
Private Practice
Authors: Leigh Korie , Thornton Shani
Published: October 2022

Many seasoned child life specialists begin to think about expanding their role to serve different pediatric populations and/or settings. This chapter will focus on child life specialists building and sustaining a private practice within the community. Topics will include the need for service, executing a business plan, building community partnerships, and staying within the ethical and professional boundaries as a Certified Child Life Specialist. Additionally, case studies that describe assessments, preparation, developmental explanations, interventions, expressive arts, and play are included. Examples of business documents to help guide child life specialists interested in starting a private practice within their community are also included.
Virtual Platforms
Authors: Taylor Katie
Published: October 2022

Americans spend large portions of their day online. Data shows that there are more than 245 million internet users in the U.S. alone. This data, combined with what we observe in healthcare trends, including tele-med and other virtual options, demonstrates the need for child life services to be available online. This chapter explores the various ways child life specialists can use their skills to support children and families using digital tools. Embracing technology and exploring innovative approaches will only enhance and validate the field of child life.
Nonprofits
Authors: Hicks Melissa , Cooper Meredith
Published: October 2022

This chapter will guide the reader through the development and growth of a community-based nonprofit organization with a sustainable approach to the initial core values. This chapter serves as an informed roadmap for clinicians interested in pursuing the development of their own nonprofit. Working with children of adult patients will serve as the backdrop to highlight the concepts of the development and trajectory of the organization; the extrapolation of the process and skills to other populations will be addressed. The longitudinal experience of Wonders & Worries has afforded the organization the opportunity to learn many lessons and develop solid evidence-based practices in relation to clinical offerings coupled with overall organizational growth and strength. This chapter will provide the concepts, examples, and guidance to encourage sustainable child life programming in a variety of community settings supporting children and families.
Gamification in Loyalty Programs
Authors: Oliveira João Pedro , Pires Paulo Botelho
Published: October 2022

This research identifies the benefits that occur from the use of gamification in loyalty programs, particularly the degree of need satisfaction of competence and relatedness of individuals, as well as their intrinsic motivation to participate in the program. These may be preponderant factors for the engagement and loyalty of customers. The research was based on a questionnaire created around a leading European sports nutrition online shop, through which the influence of the gamification elements already existing in the shop was analyzed, as well as the influence of the introduction of new gamification elements on the behavior of customers. The results show that the inclusion of gamification elements does not influence the need satisfaction of competence and relatedness of individuals and that also does not influence their intrinsic motivation to participate in the activities. Its use in an online shop context is therefore ineffective.
Assessing Customer Interactions With Chatbots in Online Shopping Experiences
Authors: Torres Ana Isabel , Delgado Catarina J. M.
Published: October 2022

Chatbots are website artificial intelligence-based and automated customer support tools to improve the customer experience, to reduce costs, and to improve service quality. This study aims to understand and analyze the user-technology interaction and technology-engagement success measures to assess online customer engagement with chatbots and the impact on repurchase intention, within e-commerce websites. The sample data consists of 227 online consumer responses collected through an electronic survey. Only 165 respondents, which have used a chatbot to assist the online purchase process, are included in the effective sample. This research contributes to the digital marketing literature by complementing existing research exploring human-technology interactions, assessing how consumers interact with chatbot technology and how it affects customer engagement and behavioral outcomes within e-retail contexts. The study findings provide several challenges for managers. Finally, it discusses emerging trends in the digital marketing field, offering insights for future research avenues.
KYC Fraud
Authors: Dharmavaram Vijaya Geeta , Mishra Oly
Published: October 2022

Know your customer (KYC) is a measure adopted by financial institutions like banks to render timely services to their legitimate customers. Cybercriminals are resorting to KYC fraud through Vishing and SMiShing attacks. Customers have been falling prey to such frauds in the name of KYC updation. The chapter proposes the application of the supervised machine learning model to detect KYC fraud related to SMS and prevent such frauds. A dataset of sample KYC fraud messages and non-fraud messages is taken to train the machine learning model. The model is trained to extract the relevant features that distinguish fraud messages from valid messages, thus detecting fraud messages. The model was tested with popular supervised machine learning algorithms. The proposed model may be made as part of a security patch in the messaging service. KYC fraud has become rampant in recent times, and the chance of an individual falling for such attacks are highest given that it is a mandatory process. Previous research studies provided generic solutions for such frauds.
Information Security Governance
Authors: Verma Sneha
Published: October 2022

In today's IT-regulated era, data is nothing less than money. It is rightly said that a person who has data can become a millionaire. That is the power of data. For business organisations, information and business-related data is like blood. If there is any shortage or leakage, it could risk the life of the business. The business information has become a part of the valuable assets of the company. Thus, information security should be given high importance in the corporate governance system of the company. For this purpose, the role of the management of the company comes into focus. The management and the board of directors work towards the success of their company; thus, it is their sole responsibility to protect the valuable assets including the confidential business information. The board needs to make decisions regarding corporate governance by keeping the information security in consideration. Thus, information security governance is the need of the hour. The present chapter focuses on the importance of the information security governance in today's information-driven world.
Security Issues in Blockchain-Based Businesses
Authors: Yadav Rajesh , Singh Digvijay
Published: October 2022

A few years back, it was arduous to identify cyber-security in the day-to-day activities of an organization. Writing extra code-lines was considered insignificant, and the term was considered more advanced than the current times. Most businesses were doubtful about changing their plans so that they could combat this danger as the notion of “it won't occur to me” was famous. Cyber-security is now no longer a “forbidden silo.” It is considered a necessity and is no longer selective. The organization must have its security planning in such a manner that it plays an important role in its business as well as the decision-forming in the significant matters of the company. In today's scenario, organizations must have a check on their defense system to ensure security in operations. They use updated solutions and have proper information on vulnerabilities and security issues that persist at the moment. This chapter throws light on security issues in blockchain-based businesses.
Africa and Council of Europe Strategic Partnership on Cybersecurity
Authors: Onianwa Oluchukwu Ignatus
Published: October 2022

This chapter examines Africa's strategic partnership with the Council of Europe in the development and advancement of cybersecurity on the continent. Africa is one of the continents in the world with a strong presence of information and communication technology users. Unfortunately, both government institutions and private sectors in Africa are experiencing an increase in cyber-related attacks. Different initiatives through CoE are being developed to combat the menace of cyber-attacks in Africa.
Revisioning Accessibility in Higher Education Post COVID-19
Authors: Cannon Jessica A.
Published: October 2022

One impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and complications from the virus is a significant increase in the number of people with cognitive and physical disabilities. Higher education has been slow to fully engage with accessibility measures, pursuing an on-demand individual accommodation model rather than broader accessibility from the outset. Recent legal decrees reinforce the expectation that broad accessibility is the new standard. Educational institutions can choose to act with deliberate attention to becoming leaders in implementing new accessibility practices and resources. A proactive approach increases the formal and informal educational opportunities for a broader audience of learners, as well as setting an example for how society at large can become more supportive of disabilities. This chapter outlines several ways higher education can adapt and lead this effort.
“Future Is Yours”
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: October 2022

Globally, learners around the world have had to move from face-to-face (F2F) learning to full “emergency online learning” in many cases, such as in higher education. In “emergency online teaching,” instructors have been learning about how to support learners; however, with the slowing of the acute phases of the pandemic, many learners have dropped out, many for good. One of the most important strategies to retain online learners on their learning tracks involves a package of learning goods that position learners for the future in the near-, mid-, and far-terms. The core idea here is that “future pull” is alluring, and it supports learner persistence in online (and offline) learning. This work describes the mix of elements for creating just such a package in the contemporaneous moment based on the abductive logic study of instructional design work of the past several years for online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic at a Midwestern university.
Higher Education in the Aftermath of the Pandemic
Authors: Moonga Fred , Chilala Sheilas K. , Moonga Ireen , Muyuni Audrey
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected people's health and wellbeing and stretched their coping capacities with potential for multiple long-term psychosocial effects. Social interactions were inexorably affected if not altered. Education was probably the second most affected despite the young age-group due to the large number of people involved – teachers and supporting staff. Most low-income countries of Africa have young populations, which may explain the relatively low COVID-19 mortality rates on the continent. The focus in this chapter is higher education in the aftermath of the pandemic. The authors discuss how higher education institutions (HEIs) in the countries under discussion navigated the pandemic and remodelled to attain their objectives during and after the pandemic. They argue that the pandemic had enduring negative and positive effects. They conclude that although digitisation in learning and teaching in HEIs was underway, the pandemic accelerated its uptake.
Motion Infographics for Stakeholder Engagement
Authors: Perez Vila Angel , Soleimani Rana , Zhang Justin Zuopeng
Published: October 2022

This chapter aims to summarize the design considerations of motion infographics to engage stakeholders from the perspective of content marketing. Specifically, the authors synthesize and illustrate the role of motion infographics in facilitating content marketing and promoting stakeholder engagement. This research fills the gap by proposing a multidisciplinary area by exploring the relationships between motion infographics, content marketing, and stakeholder engagement. It provides valuable guidelines for practitioners to design and implement motion infographics in these relevant contexts.
Preparation of Starch Nanocrystals with Antimicrobial Property
Authors: Emolaga Carlo S. , Paglicawan Marissa A. , Bigol Ursela P. , de Yro Persia Ada N. , Sy Jo Ann C. , Visaya Brigida A. , Bauca Marianne Therese A.
Published: October 2022

The current pandemic brought to our attention the need for continuous research and development on the fight against pathogens. The use of derivatives of starch nanocrystals (SNC) with antimicrobial activities offers a good alternative to conventional antimicrobial agents since they can be sourced from readily available, biodegradable, and biocompatible raw materials. In this study, starch nanocrystals were prepared by acid hydrolysis and oxidized using hydrogen peroxide. The resulting oxidized starch nanocrystals showed inhibitory effect against E. coli. FTIR analysis showed that the antimicrobial activity could be due to the introduction of carbonyl groups in the starch chain. Due to the versatility of starch nanocrystals, other derivatives with improved antimicrobial activity or other tailored properties could also be developed.