bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Right Prescription for Family Bliss: A Cross-Sectional Study on Community Satisfaction in Indonesian Family Planning Programs
Authors: Amini Nyigit Wudi , Suaedi Falih , Setijaningrum Erna
Published: June 2024

Although significant progress has been achieved over many decades, sustaining the success of family planning programs in Indonesia requires a deep understanding of the factors that influence community satisfaction among those involved. This study surveyed 503 Family Planning Field Workers (PKBs) across Indonesia’s regions to identify the main factors encouraging satisfaction among communities participating in these programs. A structured online questionnaire was distributed to collect data on the sociodemographic factors influencing satisfaction, which were then analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that effective follow-up on community feedback (β = 0.233, p < 0.001), implementing a rights-based approach (β = 0.207, p < 0.001), enabling community participation (β = 0.147, p < 0.001), collaborating with healthcare providers and facilities (β = 0.159, p < 0.001), and monitoring and evaluating programs (β = 0.155, p < 0.001) were significant positive predictors. More notable, the regression model accounted for a considerable 74.7% of the variation in community satisfaction, pointing to how significant the explanatory power of the identified factors was in predicting the level of satisfaction among communities participating in family planning programs. Actions must be developed to enhance reproductive health and manage population growth by focusing on key factors such as responsive communication, rights, integrated services, community involvement, and evaluations, which are what matters most for family planning programs.
Neurocognitive Function Domains Are Not Affected in Active Professional Male Footballers, but Attention Deficits and Impairments Are Associated with Concussion
Authors: Pillay Lervasen , Janse van Rensburg Dina Christa , den Hollander Steve , Ramkilawon Gopika , Kerkhoffs Gino , Gouttebarge Vincent
Published: June 2024

Objective: To determine the neurocognitive function of active professional male footballers, determine whether deficits/impairments exist, and investigate the association between previous concussion(s) and neurocognitive function. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study conducted via electronic questionnaires. The CNS Vital Signs online testing system was used to evaluate neurocognitive function. Results: Of the 101 participants, 91 completed the neurocognitive function testing. Neurocognitive function domain deficits or impairments were unlikely in 54.5–89.1%, slight in 5.9–21.8%, moderate in 1.0–9.9%, and likely in 4.0–14.9% of participants. A history of zero concussions found a significant association between the neurocognitive index (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.6; 95% CI 0.2–0.4) and complex attention domain (OR 0.3; 95% CI 0.1–0.9), with 40% and 70% less odds, respectively, of deficit/impairment. Among the 54.5% who reported any number of concussions, there were increased odds of neurocognitive domain deficits/impairments for complex attention (CA) [3.4 times more] and simple attention (SA) [3.1 times more]. Conclusion: In the active professional male footballer, most neurocognitive functions do not have significant deficits/impairments. The odds of neurocognitive function deficit/impairment were significantly increased threefold for CA and SA in those who reported a history of any concussion(s).
Acute Responses to Different Velocity Loss Thresholds during Squat Exercise with Blood-Flow Restriction in Strength-Trained Men
Authors: Sánchez-Valdepeñas Juan , Cornejo-Daza Pedro J. , Rodiles-Guerrero Luis , Páez-Maldonado Jose A. , Sánchez-Moreno Miguel , Bachero-Mena Beatriz , Saez de Villarreal Eduardo , Pareja-Blanco Fernando
Published: June 2024

(1) Background: The aim of this paper is to analyze the acute effects of different velocity loss (VL) thresholds during a full squat (SQ) with blood-flow restriction (BFR) on strength performance, neuromuscular activity, metabolic response, and muscle contractile properties. (2) Methods: Twenty strength-trained men performed four protocols that differed in the VL achieved within the set (BFR0: 0% VL; BFR10: 10% VL; BFR20: 20% VL; and BFR40: 40% VL). The relative intensity (60% 1RM), recovery between sets (2 min), number of sets (3), and level of BFR (50% of arterial occlusion pressure) were matched between protocols. Tensiomyography (TMG), blood lactate, countermovement jump (CMJ), maximal voluntary isometric SQ contraction (MVIC), and performance with the absolute load required to achieve 1 m·s−1 at baseline measurements in SQ were assessed before and after the protocols. (3) Results: BFR40 resulted in higher EMG alterations during and after exercise than the other protocols (p < 0.05). BFR40 also induced greater impairments in TMG-derived variables and BFR10 decreased contraction time. Higher blood lactate concentrations were found as the VL within the set increased. BFR0 and BFR10 showed significantly increased median frequencies in post-exercise MVIC. (4) Conclusions: High VL thresholds (BFR40) accentuated metabolic and neuromuscular stress, and produced increased alterations in muscles’ mechanical properties. Low VL could potentiate post-exercise neuromuscular activity and muscle contractile properties.
Green Building Performance Analysis and Energy-Saving Design Strategies in Dalian, China
Authors: Wang Qiyuan , Gao Weijun , Su Yuan , Cheng Haoyuan
Published: June 2024

In the face of global climate change, there is a pressing and significant need to find low-carbon solutions for China’s construction industry. This research focuses on green public buildings in Dalian, a municipality situated in northern China. We investigated energy-saving design applications based on actual measured data. The results show that the common design aspects in the eco-friendly design of green public buildings encompass the conservation of building-derived energy, water use in buildings, and indoor environmental quality technologies. Optimized design strategies were proposed, focusing on three design elements—building orientation, greening, and shading—that are less considered in the case of buildings. It was found that the optimal orientation of the building is 35° southwest, and two vertical greening methods and three shading design methods were proposed. In addition, the incremental costs of green public buildings with different energy-saving technologies were discussed. This study aims to provide operational performance and feasible emission-reduction strategies for the construction industry in China and worldwide to meet the challenges under the dual carbon target.
Can Digital Transformation Reduce Enterprise Carbon Intensity? An Empirical Analysis of Chinese Manufacturers
Authors: Chen Yu , Liu Shuangshuang , Xiao Yanqiu , Zhou Qian
Published: June 2024

Reducing the carbon intensity of enterprises will help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, mitigate the negative impacts of global climate change, and protect the ecological environment. To this end, based on the data of A-share listed companies in China’s manufacturing industry from 2012 to 2022, the paper calculates the carbon emission intensity of enterprises, and at the same time, with the help of crawler technology, it crawls the keywords of digital transformation (DT) in the annual reports of the listed companies, portrays the intensity of DT of enterprises, and examines the impact of the level of digitization of enterprises on the carbon intensity of enterprises, along with the heterogeneous role and the mechanism of the role of the level of digitization of enterprises. The results of the study show that the digital revolution notably reduces the carbon emission intensity of enterprises. The inhibitory effect of DT is more significant for non-state-owned firms, industries with high market concentration, and regions with low environmental regulations. The findings of the mechanism test show that DT decreases the intensity of corporate carbon emissions by encouraging green innovation, with substantive green innovation being the main transmission channel behind strategic green innovation.
A Deep Learning-Based Solar Power Generation Forecasting Method Applicable to Multiple Sites
Authors: Jang Seon Young , Oh Byung Tae , Oh Eunsung
Published: June 2024

This paper addresses the challenge of accurately forecasting solar power generation (SPG) across multiple sites using a single common model. The proposed deep learning-based model is designed to predict SPG for various locations by leveraging a comprehensive dataset from multiple sites in the Republic of Korea. By incorporating common meteorological elements such as temperature, humidity, and cloud cover into its framework, the model uniquely identifies site-specific features to enhance the forecasting accuracy. The key innovation of this model is the integration of a classifier module within the common model framework, enabling it to adapt and predict SPG for both known and unknown sites based on site similarities. This approach allows for the extraction and utilization of site-specific characteristics from shared meteorological data, significantly improving the model’s adaptability and generalization across diverse environmental conditions. The evaluation results demonstrate that the model maintains high performance levels across different SPG sites with minimal performance degradation compared to site-specific models. Notably, the model shows robust forecasting capabilities, even in the absence of target SPG data, highlighting its potential to enhance operational efficiency and support the integration of renewable energy into the power grid, thereby contributing to the global transition towards sustainable energy sources.
Research on Multistage Heterogeneous Information Fusion of Product Design Decision-Making Based on Axiomatic Design
Authors: Yang Yanpu , Zuo Qiyuan , Zhang Kai , Li Xinran , Yu Wenfeng , Ji Lijing
Published: June 2024

The product design process, fraught with uncertainties and ambiguities in its requirements and constraints, commonly traverses multiple stages, each emphasizing distinct design aspects. This engenders heterogeneity in decision-making criteria, rendering the effective integration of information from various stages of product design decision-making (PDDM) a pivotal task in identifying the optimal design solution. Surprisingly, limited research has attended to the challenge of consolidating such heterogeneous information across multiple PDDM stages. To bridge this gap, our study employs real numbers, interval numbers, and linguistic terms to capture the heterogeneous judgments of decision-makers. We fuse the Maximization Deviation Method with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for determining indicators’ weights, while decision-makers’ weights are derived through a dual consideration of uncertainty measure using fuzzy entropy and a distance-minimization model applied to the PDDM matrix for achieving consistency. Leveraging the advantage of axiomatic design, product design alternatives are evaluated based on their PDDM information content of PDDM matrices. Given the multistage nature of product design, stages’ weights are computed by assessing the information content and consistency degree of PDDM matrices at each stage. Ultimately, our approach achieves multistage heterogeneous decision-making fusion in product design through information axiom weighting. A case study involving the decision-making process for a specific numerical control machine design illustrates the efficacy of our method in integrating multistage heterogeneous PDDM data, yielding a comprehensive perspective on the viability of product design schemes. Results show that the ranking sequence of the product design schemes solidifies to x3 > x2 > x1 in stages 2 and 3 of PDDM, diverging from the initial order observed in stage 1 (x2 > x3 > x1), while the fused result from the multistage heterogeneous PDDM analysis aligns with the later stages’ rankings, indicating the credibility and persuasiveness are fortified. This methodology thus offers a robust framework for synthesizing and navigating the uncertainties and complexities inherent in multistage heterogeneous PDDM contexts.
A Modified Criss-Cross-Based T-Type MLI with Reduced Power Components
Authors: Mahto Kailash Kumar , Mahato Bidyut , Chandan Bikramaditya , Das Durbanjali , Das Priyanath , Kumari Swati , Vita Vasiliki , Pavlatos Christos , Fotis Georgios
Published: June 2024

Significant advancements in the field of power electronics have created an ideal opportunity to introduce various topologies of multilevel inverters. These multilevel inverter topologies comprise different notable characteristics, such as staircase sinusoidal output voltage with high quality, a lowered number of power switches, no filter requirement, etc. In this literature, a new asymmetrical MLI topology is proposed to reduce the number of components of the inverter with admirable voltage-step creation. The proposed topology provides a 17-level, staircase-type, nearly sinusoidal output voltage waveform. The number of switches required for the proposed multilevel inverter topology is fewer compared to the existing topology for the same level. A carrier-based sinusoidal pulse-width modulation technique is used for the proposed topology at a switching frequency of 3 kHz. The functioning of the proposed inverter topology is thoroughly examined. A 17-level asymmetrical inverter is executed; both the MATLAB/SIMULINK as well as the experimental results using dSPACE-1103 controller. The simulation results are verified using the experimental results for the proposed 17-level multilevel inverter for modulation indexes of 1 and 0.6.
Exploring the Efficacy of Using Geotrichum fermentans, Rhodotorula rubra, Kluyveromyce marxiamus, Clay Minerals, and Walnut Nutshells for Mycotoxin Remediation
Authors: Vaičiulienė Gintarė , Jovaišienė Jurgita , Falkauskas Rimvydas , Paškevičius Algimantas , Sutkevičienė Neringa , Rekešiūtė Audronė , Sorkytė Šarūnė , Baliukonienė Violeta
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nine different biological compounds to reduce mycotoxins concentrations. The hypothesis of this study was that a static in vitro gastrointestinal tract model, as an initial screening tool, can be used to simulate the efficacy of Geotrichum fermentans, Rhodotorula rubra, Kluyveromyce marxiamus yeast cell walls and their polysaccharides, red and white clay minerals, and walnuts nutshells claiming to detoxify AFB1, ZEA, DON, and T-2 toxin mycotoxins. Mycotoxin concentrations were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescent (FLD) and ultraviolet detectors (UV). The greatest effects on reducing mycotoxin concentrations were determined as follows: for AFB1, inserted G. fermentans cell wall polysaccharides and walnut nutshells; for ZEA, inserted R. rubra and G. fermentans cell walls and red clay minerals; for DON, R. rubra cell wall polysaccharides and red clay minerals; and for T-2 toxin, R. rubra cell walls, K. marxianus, and G. fermentans cell wall polysaccharides and walnut nutshells. The present study indicated that selected mycotoxin-detoxifying biological compounds can be used to decrease mycotoxin concentrations.
Rapid Discriminative Identification of the Two Predominant Echinococcus Species from Canine Fecal Samples in the Tibetan Region of China by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification–Lateral Flow Dipstick Assay
Authors: Lv Xinyue , Ai Jiajia , Mo Xiaojin , Ding Haojie , Litchev Sofia , Lu Entung , Weng Youhong , He Qing , Gongsang Quzhen , Yang Shijie , Ma Xiumin , Li Jingzhong , Pang Huasheng , Lu Shaohong , Kong Qingming
Published: June 2024

Echinococcosis poses a significant concern in the fields of public health and veterinary care as it can be transmitted between animals and humans. The primary endemic subtypes are cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), which result from infestation by Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis, respectively. A prominent epidemic of echinococcosis greatly affects the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) in China. A new technique called the loop-mediated isothermal amplification–lateral flow dipstick (LAMP-LFD) test is introduced in this research to differentiate between E. granulosus and E. multilocularis using their repetitive genetic sequences. The test is characterized by its portable nature, simple operation, quick result production, high sensitivity, and low susceptibility to aerosol contamination. The LAMP-LFD method demonstrated an exceptional minimal detection limit, reaching levels as low as approximately 1 fg/μL (femtogram per microliter) of genomic DNA. The assay’s specificity was assessed, and no cross-reactivity was seen. A total of 982 dog fecal samples were collected from 54 counties in the TAR region between July 2021 and June 2022. The established method underwent validation using a commercially available ELISA kit. The agreement rate between the LAMP-LFD and ELISA methods was 97.25%, with a sensitivity of 96.05% and a specificity of 97.35%. The assay described in this study improves specificity by using a double-labeled probe, and it reduces the risk of false-positive results caused by aerosol contamination through the use of a sealed device. This makes it a suitable choice for quickly and accurately identifying the two main types of Echinococcus in field settings.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Overseas-Imported Infectious Diseases Identified through Airport Health-Screening Measures: A Case Study on Fuzhou, China
Authors: Li Hong , Yang Yan , Chen Jiake , Li Qingyu , Chen Yifeng , Zhang Yilin , Cai Shaojian , Zhan Meirong , Wu Chuancheng , Lin Xinwu , Xiang Jianjun
Published: June 2024

Background: This study aimed to examine the epidemiological characteristics of imported infections and assess the effectiveness of border health screening in detecting imported diseases. Methods: We obtained infection data for 2016 to 2019 from the Fuzhou Changle International Airport Infection Reporting System. The demographic, temporal, and spatial characteristics of travel-related infections were analyzed using r×c contingency tables, the Cochran–Armitage trend test, and seasonal-trend decomposition using LOESS (STL). Detection rates were used as a proxy for the effectiveness of border health-screening measures. Results: Overall, 559 travel-related infections were identified during the study period, with 94.3% being imported infections. Airport health screening demonstrated an overall effectiveness of 23.7% in identifying travel-associated infections. Imported infections were predominantly identified in males, with 55.8% of cases occurring in individuals aged 20–49. The peak periods of infection importation were from January to February and from May to August. The infectious diseases identified were imported from 25 different countries and regions. All dengue fever cases were imported from Southeast Asia. Most notifiable infections (76.0%) were identified through fever screening at the airport. Conclusion: The increasing number of imported infections poses a growing challenge for public health systems. Multifaceted efforts including surveillance, vaccination, international collaboration, and public awareness are required to mitigate the importation and spread of infectious diseases from overseas sources.
The Hidden Connections of Urban Crime: A Network Analysis of Victims, Crime Types, and Locations in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Ventorim Fernanda C. , Netto Vinicius M.
Published: June 2024

Urban crime is a pressing issue in socially unequal regions like Brazil. We investigate the complex relationships between crime, victims, and urban situations in Rio de Janeiro. We analyze the connections between specific types of crime, victim characteristics, and crime locations through complex network analysis. In a large-scale empirical study, we examine 5000 randomly selected crime incidents in Rio between 2007 and 2018. Our analysis reveals a strong association between sex, race, location, and income inequality in the risk of exposure to crime. The results suggest that specific social groups, notably black and brown women, face a higher-than-average vulnerability to particular types of crime in Rio. Our investigation confirms our hypothesis that crime incidents are not random occurrences. Instead, we have discovered meaningful connections between specific types of crime, victim characteristics, and crime locations. These findings indicate a pattern of underlying factors shaping the distribution of crime and vulnerable social groups.
Assessing Predictive Value of SARS-CoV-2 Epitope-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Response in Patients with Severe Symptoms
Authors: Martín-Martín Cristina , del Riego Estefanía Salgado , Castiñeira Jose R. Vidal , Zapico-Gonzalez Maria Soledad , Rodríguez-Pérez Mercedes , Corte-Iglesias Viviana , Saiz Maria Laura , Diaz-Bulnes Paula , Escudero Dolores , Suárez-Alvarez Beatriz , López-Larrea Carlos
Published: June 2024

Specific T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 provided an overview of acquired immunity during the pandemic. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity determines the severity of acute illness, but also might be related to the possible persistence of symptoms (long COVID). We retrospectively analyzed ex vivo longitudinal CD8+ T cell responses in 26 COVID-19 patients diagnosed with severe disease, initially (1 month) and long-term (10 months), and in a cohort of 32 vaccinated healthcare workers without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used peptide-human leukocyte antigen (pHLA) dextramers recognizing 26 SARS-CoV-2-derived epitopes of viral and other non-structural proteins. Most patients responded to at least one of the peptides studied, mainly derived from non-structural ORF1ab proteins. After 10 months follow-up, CD8+ T cell responses were maintained at long term and reaction against certain epitopes (A*01:01-ORF1ab1637) was still detected and functional, showing a memory-like phenotype (CD127+ PD-1+). The total number of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells was significantly associated with protection against long COVID in these patients. Compared with vaccination, infected patients showed a less effective immune response to spike protein-derived peptides restricted by HLA. So, the A*01:01-S865 and A*24:02-S1208 dextramers were only recognized in vaccinated individuals. We conclude that initial SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cell response could be used as a marker to understand the evolution of severe disease and post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Immune Responses and Protection Profiles in Mice Induced by Subunit Vaccine Candidates Based on the Extracellular Domain Antigen of Respiratory Syncytial Virus G Protein Combined with Different Adjuvants
Authors: Han Ruiwen , Wang Tangqi , Cheng Xueting , Bing Jialuo , Li Jia , Deng Yao , Shan Xuchang , Zhang Xuejie , Wang Donghong , Sun Shucai , Tan Wenjie
Published: June 2024

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease of infants and older people. There is an urgent need for safe and effective vaccines against RSV infection. In this study, we analyzed the effects of the immune response and protection with the RSV recombinant G protein extracellular domain (Gecto) combined with various adjuvants as novel subunit vaccines in mice. All groups receiving RSV Gecto combined with adjuvants exhibited robust humoral and cellular immunity compared to those receiving an adjuvant alone or inactivated RSV vaccine. The greatest effect was observed in mice receiving Gecto combined with a CpG ODN + Alum salt adjuvant, resulting in the highest production of neutralizing antibodies against both RSV A and B subtypes, G-specific IgG and IFN-γ production in splenocytes, and interleukin-2 and interferon-γ expression in CD4+ T cells. Significant humoral and cellular immune responses were observed in mice immunized with Gecto combined with AddaS03™ or cyclosporin A adjuvants. The vaccine containing the AddaS03™ adjuvant showed significantly high expression of interleukin-4 in CD4+ T cells. Cross-protection against a challenge with either RSV A or B subtypes was observed in the Gecto plus adjuvant groups, resulting in a significant decrease in viral load and reduced pathological damage in the mouse lungs. These findings offer valuable insights into the development and application of recombinant RSV G-subunit vaccines with adjuvants.
An Optimal Upgrading Framework for Water Distribution Systems Operation
Authors: Alsanad Abdulaziz H. , Bin Mahmoud Abdulrahman A. , Aljadhai Saad I.
Published: June 2024

Water distribution systems (WDSs) are essential elements for the prosperity and development of societies around the globe. However, over time, the pipeline network starts to age and deteriorate, which results in an increasing rate of breaks and water loss due to leakages. Many countries have started government-funded plans to upgrade and rehabilitate their WDS network components to overcome these challenges. This study proposes an optimization framework that addresses these issues and offers potential benefits. It aims to achieve the optimal upgrading strategies considering network operation (hydraulic) performance and upgrading cost, including investment and non-revenue water costs. The upgrade of the WDS network in the model consists of replacing pipes and controlling the pressure-reducing valve (PRV) settings to reduce leakages. The proposed framework is demonstrated using a small-sized benchmark WDS. The study’s outcomes provide the utilities’ operators and municipalities’ decision-makers with a guiding tool to choose the optimal upgrading strategy for their WDS networks at the lowest cost and optimum operation performance. The methodology involves simulating various leakage scenarios and applying optimization techniques to find the best combination of pipe replacements and PRV settings. This approach ensures a balance between minimizing leakage rates and controlling upgrading costs. The framework achieved a reduction of leakage up to 20% from the original leakage with a 70% probability for the tested benchmark network. The optimization framework can also offer a range of upgrading strategies, with a trade-off between the WDS network leakage reduction and the required cost of the upgrading strategy.
Changes in the Hydrological Regime of the Volga River and Their Influence on Caspian Sea Level Fluctuations
Authors: Safarov Elnur , Safarov Said , Bayramov Emil
Published: June 2024

In this study, spanning from 1938 to 2020, the hydrological changes in the Volga River and their repercussions on the Caspian Sea level were examined. Analysis reveals a correlation between high Volga River runoff and increased atmospheric precipitation in its basin. However, in recent years (2005–2020), a significant decline in the runoff coefficient at the Verkhneye Lebyazhie hydrological station, attributable to climate warming surpassing global temperature anomalies, has been observed. This warming’s impact on river flow and sea level was quantified, resulting in a 133 cm decrease in sea level from 1977 to 2020. Notably, while, historically, Caspian Sea level changes mirrored Volga River runoff fluctuations until 2005, since 2006, the sea level has markedly dropped, decoupling from river runoff variations. Comparison with recent studies suggests that altered wind characteristics over the Caspian Sea, influencing surface evaporation, may have significantly contributed to this rapid sea level decline in recent years.
Surface Modification of PVDF and PTFE Hollow Fiber Membranes for Enhanced Nitrogen Removal in a Membrane-Aerated Biofilm Reactor
Authors: Zai Wenfeng , Chen Yangman , Qin Qingdong , Li Xiangkun , Liu Dezhao
Published: June 2024

Microporous membranes such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) often exhibit suboptimal hydrophilicity and microbial adhesion, which impede effective nitrogen removal in membrane-aerated biofilm reactors (MABRs), particularly during initial operational phases. To address this issue, the present study introduced acrylic acid (AA) following plasma treatment (P) to enhance membrane performance, thereby engineering a novel composite material optimized for MABR applications. Four MABRs—Reactor with pristine PVDF membrane (R-PVDF), Reactor with composite PVDF membrane (R-PVDF-P-AA), Reactor with pristine PTFE membrane (R-PTFE), and Reactor with composite PTFE membrane (R-PTFE-P-AA)—were evaluated. The modified membranes displayed enhanced roughness and hydrophilicity, which improved biocompatibility and variably increased the oxygen transfer efficiency. Notably, the R-PVDF-P-AA configuration showed a significant enhancement in the removal rates of NH4+-N and total nitrogen (TN), achieving 78.5% and 61.3%, respectively, which was markedly higher than those observed with the original membranes. In contrast, the modified R-PTFE-P-AA exhibited lower removal efficiencies, with NH4+-N and TN reductions of approximately 60.0% and 49.5%. Detailed microbial community analysis revealed that the R-PVDF-P-AA membrane supported robust commensalism between ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying bacteria, underpinning the improved performance. These findings highlight the critical role of surface chemistry and microbial ecology in optimizing the function of MABRs.
Establishing a Geo-Database for Drinking Water and Its Delivery and Storage Components with an Object-Based Approach
Authors: Coruhlu Yakup Emre , Altas Sait Semih
Published: June 2024

Infrastructure facilities that serve the city as a whole and should be considered as a whole should be built in an orderly and planned manner, just as cities are. Infrastructure facilities become obsolete over time. Aging infrastructure facilities may become unserviceable over time. When the need for maintenance and repair arises, it is mandatory to renew or replace infrastructure facilities. In this case, necessary maintenance/repair and renovation works should be completed as soon as possible. These infrastructure facilities may not be transferred to maps in the digital environment and may often be managed with person-oriented information, not institutional. There is a problem for decision makers, namely, that the construction, maintenance, repair and governance of infrastructure facilities cannot be carried out systematically, on time and effectively. The only way to provide such a service is through the combined use of today’s informatics, Geographical Information System (GIS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technologies, unlike the classical methods of the past. The aim of the study is to effectively manage the scarce resource of drinking water and its facilities, which are an important component of infrastructure facilities, with a method that uses current mapping technologies and informatics facilities. Especially after Infrastructure for Spatial Information (INSPIRE) and the transformation of Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard, Turkish National Geographic Information System (TNGIS) studies and many academic studies carried out in Türkiye have been modelled with Unified Modelling Language (UML) diagrams in accordance with LADM. Similarly, within the scope of this study, UML diagrams were prepared, and then a GIS database was established. Thanks to field workers, chiefs, engineers and others working on water pipelines, all necessary data, classic, as-built and digital, were gathered. These were collected in different ways in order to conduct spatial and non-spatial analysis in the study area of Trabzon. The most important result from the study is that the entire drinking water infrastructure of Trabzon has been transferred to the system in a structure that allows spatial queries, ensuring that damage detection on water components, maintenance and repair processes are carried out in the shortest time and at the lowest cost. The investigation and application of a sensor-integrated GIS-aided system, making it possible to control and monitor the use of lost and illegal water to be controlled as well as inform consumers who will be affected by possible maintenance and repair, is recommended.
Activation of Peroxymonosulfate by P-Doped Cow Manure Biochar for Enhancing Degradation of 17β-Estradiol
Authors: You Wu , Fan Gongduan , Zhou Junhou , Lin Ruiyu , Cao Xingfeng , Song Yiqing , Luo Jing , Zou Jianyong , Hong Zhanglin , Xu Kai-Qin , Luo Quanda
Published: June 2024

Sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes exhibit great potential for the degradation of organic pollutants. In this study, P-doped biochar (PBC500) was successfully synthesized by the pyrolysis of H3PO4-impregnated cow manure waste and was employed to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the elimination of 17β-estradiol (E2). The characterization results showed that the surface area, defective structure, and functional groups (C=O and phosphorus-containing groups) of biochar increased after H3PO4 modification. PBC500 exhibited high PMS activation activity and excellent E2 degradation capacity; 97.91% of 3 mg/L E2 can be removed within 90 min using 0.2 g/L PBC500 and 1 mM PMS. Based on the quenching experiments and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, defective structures, C=O, and P-C groups on biochar act as active sites to promote the catalytic oxidation of E2 by generating O2− and 1O2. In addition, PBC500 displayed excellent reusability, achieving 65.15% E2 degradation after three reuse cycles. Overall, this study presented a new technique that supports a high efficiency, environmentally friendly, and low cost treatment method for E2 wastewater and simultaneously provided a new option for the resource utilization of livestock waste.
How to Build Community Networks and Resources Necessary for a Successful 4-H Program
Authors: Collins Daniel , Jayaratne K.S.U. , McCollum Shannon
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this research was to explore the strategies effective in building community networks and pooling the resources necessary for laying the foundation to develop a successful county 4-H Extension program in early careers of Extension agents. We conducted this three-round Delphi study with a panel of specially selected 24 successful 4-H Extension agents. The Delphi research process led to identify seven strategies effective in building community networks and six strategies effective in building the necessary resources for the development of an effective county 4-H Extension program. We made practical recommendations based on these findings.
California 4-H Computer Science Education Pathway
Authors: Worker Steven , Nayak Roshan , Moncloa Fe
Published: June 2024

Young people need digital competency and confidence to effectively harness computing power to solve problems and design solutions; a core component is improving young people’s computational thinking. Unfortunately, access to computer science education is lacking for all youth, and in particular for youth who live in lower-income households, who are Black or Latino, or live in rural areas. With funding from Google, through the National 4-H Council, California 4-H embarked on a three-year project to build the capacity of 4-H professionals, volunteers, and teenagers to facilitate computer science education with youth. Our programming was effective as assessed with survey methodology. We offer recommendations to Extension professionals in replicating computer science education.
موقف نحاة طور النشأة من الشاهد القرآني.
Authors: بوعباس حسين
Published: June 2024

الشاهد النحوي نصٌّ استعمله النحاة لإثبات صحة الحكم النحوي، ومن أهم أنواعه الشاهد القرآني، وهذا البحث يدرس احتمالَ عدمِ احتجاج النحاة الأولين بالنص القرآني، وأنهم عدّوه نصّاً محايداً في التقعيد النحوي في القرن النحوي الأول (40-150هـ تقريباً). وهو موضوع يمكن أن يكشف عن مدى تحقّق سمة الموضوعية في عمل النحاة المؤسِّسين. وعلى الرغم من أنَّ مؤلفات هذه الفترة لم تصلنا، فإن البحث سعى في جمع أخبار نحاتها والاستعانة ببعض السمات الموجودة في مؤلفات المرحلة اللاحقة لهم ليخرج من ذلك بأدلة تقوِّي هذا الاحتمال أو ترجّحه. وقد جاء البحث في مقدمة ومبحثين وخاتمة، فكان المبحث الأول في دراسة الشاهد في تفسير القرآن لدى القدماء؛ لأنه يمثِّل الصورة الأولى للشاهد اللغوي مما يجمعه على اعتبار ما بالشاهد النحوي، ودَرَس المبحث الثاني فرضيةَ البحث والأدلة عليها وما قد يعترض به عليها، واشتملت الخاتمة على أهم نتائج البحث.
المفارقة في رسالة (الهناء) للمعري أبي العلاء.
Authors: الجاد الله سحر
Published: June 2024

تشكّل رسالة الهناء هاجساً لدى قارئها؛ بما تثيره من تساؤلات وغرابة وتناقضات، تحمله على إعادةِ قراءتها بشكلٍ مغاير لما يظهر منها، فكانت المفارقة الآلية المناسبة لتحليلها وقراءتها قراءة سليمة توصل القارئ لمرحلة الهدأة المعرفية وتبدّد ما اعتراه من إحساس بالغموض والغرابة.
وكانت المفارقة اللفظية بأسلوبيها والمفارقة الدرامية من أهمّ الأنماط الحاضرة في رسالة "الهناء"؛ لذا قامت الدراسة بدايةً على تعريف أهمّ هذه الأنماط، ثم وقفت على النصّ بتراتبية مشيرة إلى أهمّ مواطن المفارقة وأنواعها وَفْق ما يقتضيه النصّ، فتداخلت بعض هذه الأنماط في التحليل، كالمفارقة الدرامية، ومفارقة الأحداث، والمفارقة الملحوظة.
الجملة الحالية في (دلائل الإعجاز).
Authors: أنيس محمود
Published: June 2024

يتناول البحث كلام الجرجاني على الجملة الحالية في كتابه "دلائل الإعجاز"؛ فيبدأ بعرض ما ذكره من أحكامها التي استقاها من مخزونه النحوي، ومفاده أنه إذا كانت الحال جملة اسميّة غلب عليها أن تجيء مقرونة بالواو، شريطة ألا يكون مبتدؤها ضميراً منفصلاً، وألا يكون خبرها شبه جملة متقدماً على المبتدأ، فإن كان مبتدؤها ضميراً منفصلاً وجب أن تقترن بالواو، وإن كان خبرها شبه جملة متقدماً على المبتدأ فالغالب عليها أن تجيء بغير واو. وإن كانت الحال جملة فعليّة امتنع اقترانها بالواو إذا كان فعلها مضارعاً مثبتاً، وجاز اقترانها بها إذا كان فعلها مضارعاً منفياً أو ماضياً مثبتاً أو منفياً.
ثم ينتقل بعد ذلك إلى ذكر القاعدة التي توصّل إليها الجرجاني، وهي أن الجملة الحالية المجرّدة من الواو يراد منها أن تكون جزءاً متّصلاً بالجملة السابقة لها، وكأنهما جملة واحدة. والجملة الحالية المقرونة بالواو يراد منها أن تكون منفصلةً عن الجملة السابقة لها، وأنه ينبغي اقتران الجملة الاسمية الواقعة حالاً بالواو، وما جاء خلاف ذلك احتاج إلى تأويل. ثم يعرض السّبل التي سلكها للتوفيق بين القاعدة المستخلصة والأحكام التي ذكرت قبلها.
وبعد الانتهاء من مناقشة الرؤية التي جاء بها الجرجاني يعرض البحث تصوّراً للجملة الحالية وأحكامها، ينبع من طبيعة اللغة، وينحاز إلى المعنى الذي يريد المتكلم أن يعبّر عنه، ولا ينصاع إلى ما تفرضه الصناعة النحوية من قيود، فيبيّن المواطن التي وجب أن تقترن فيها كل من الجملتين الفعلية والاسميّة بالواو، والمواطن التي امتنع اقترانهما بها، أو التي جاز فيها الاقتران وعدمه، ليكون هذا التصور حجر الأساس الذي سيشاد عليه صرح نحوي جديد، يعلي شأن المعنى والاستعمال اللغوي الفصيح، فتعود إلى النحو حيويّته، وتزول عنه مظاهر التحجر والجمود.
تشفير القصيدة: قصيدة المديح وإعادة تشكيل هرم السلطة.
Authors: بالفاس عبدالمعين
Published: June 2024

يتناول البحث تأثير قصيدة المديح التقليدية على السلطة المطلقة المتمثلة في الحاكم نفسه أو من يقوم مقامه داخل المجتمع العربي، وذلك من خلال مناقشة نموذجين شعريين. أما أحدهما فقصيدة علي بن جبلة المعروف بالعكوّك في مدح أبي دلف وأثرها السلبي على الخليفة العباسي المأمون؛ حيث تكاد قصيدة العكوّك أن تؤثر في إعادة ترتيب القوى السياسية داخل الهرم الاجتماعي للدولة. وأما النموذج الثاني فهو قصيدة أعشى همدان في مدح عبدالرحمن بن الأشعث وأثرها السلبي على القائد الأموي الحجاج بن يوسف الثقفي؛ حيث تسهم قصيدة أعشى همدان في محاولة نقض الهرم الاجتماعي للدولة وإعادة تشكيله بإبراز قوة سياسية من خارجها. ويستحضر البحث الأخبار النثرية المصاحبة لكلتا القصيدتين، ويتعامل معها على أنها أشكال أدبية تسهم في توضيح طبيعة العلاقة بين الشاعر والممدوح والحاكم، وذلك من خلال بيان قدرة المتلقيين -المأمون والحجاج- على فك شفرة القصيدة، وإبراز تأثيرها السلبي على تماسك المجتمع. وفي ثنايا البحث يتم التركيز على أبرز أبيات المديح التي استوقفت كلّاً من المأمون والحجاج؛ لتسهم في المقاربة النقدية.
يستحضر البحث مفهوم بيتر براون حول دور الأديب/الشاعر بوصفه أحد أفراد الطبقة العليا المثقفة، الذي يعمل وسيطاً يسهم في الحفاظ على التوازن بين الحاكم والمحكوم. كما تستحضر كذلك مفهوم سوزان ستيتكيفتش حول قصيدة المديح الكلاسيكية في التراث العربي ودورها المراسيمي في المفاوضات داخل بلاط الحاكم/الممدوح، ومفهومها حول تلقي الأخبار النثرية المصاحبة للنصوص الشعرية وقائليها على أنها تقاليد أو أشكال أدبية بدلاً من افتراضها حقائق تاريخية.
يناقش البحث دور الشاعر بوصفه ممثلاً لمجتمع النخبة المثقفة، الذي يقوم بدور الوسيط بين فريقين؛ فهو من جهة يعد ممثل السلطة العليا/الحاكم ومن يقوم مقامه؛ وذلك عندما يساعد في تأسيس شرعية الحاكم وتعزيزها بين رعاياه داخل المجتمع. ومن جهة أخرى فإنه -أي الشاعر- يعد ممثلاً للمجتمع؛ وذلك عندما يتدخل نيابة عن أفراده بوصفه وسيطاً وشفيعاً محاولاً إقناع الحاكم ليمنحهم حقوقهم الشرعية والمدنية. وبناءً على ذلك، فإن للشاعر دوراً مزدوجاً أو طبيعة مزدوجة داخل الكيان الهرمي للمجتمع، وقصيدته تقوم بعملية تفاوضية استثنائية.
ديانة وثقافة الملك هيرودوس الأدومي في فلسطين (40 - 4 ق.م).
Authors: أبودية عدنان
Published: June 2024

تتناول هذه الدراسة الخلفية الدينية والثقافية للملك هيرودوس الأدومي في فلسطين إبان فترة حكمه لها خلال 40-4 ق.م. وقد أشار بعض المؤرخين المنحازين إلى الرواية اليهودية من أمثال فلافيوس جوزيفوس (Josephus, Jewish; Josephus, The Jewish War, 1.9: 13, Antiquities, 13, 14, 5) إلى أن الأدوميين قد تهودوا على يد الحشمونيين؛ مما أوحى لكثير من المؤرخين اللاحقين بأن ديانة هيرودوس الأدومي هي اليهودية، ولكن بعد النقاش العلمي والتاريخي وعرض الأدلة الأثرية العديدة تبيَّن أن ديانة هيرودوس هي الوثنية وليست اليهودية وأن ثقافته هي الثقافة الهلنستية، وقد انعكس ذلك كله على موقف اليهود الرافض لهيرودوس بسبب مخالفاته للشريعة اليهودية، وعلى موقف هيرودوس من اليهود المتمثل في ملاحقتهم بالعقاب والقتل والقمع وإقصائهم عن المشهد السياسي. إضافة إلى أن الآثار التي خلفها هيرودوس دلت بشكل واضح على وثنيته من خلال إنشائه للعديد من المعابد الوثنية، واهتمامه بالحفاظ على الطابع الوثني للمنطقة التي حكمها؛ حيث أنشأ العديد من المعابد الوثنية الرومانية في فلسطين إبان فترة حكمه. أما الآثار الدالة على ثقافته الهلنستية فهي واضحة وعديدة في المدن التي أقامها؛ حيث عمر فيها المسارح والملاعب والحمامات وأماكن اللهو والترفيه سواء في مدينة القدس أو قيسارية أو سبسطية أو عسقلان أو غيرها من المدن والمواقع.
توزيع إرث شرعي في حضرموت وعمان على ضوء وثيقتين تاريخيتين (دراسة تحليلية أرشيفية دبلوماتية).
Authors: أبو سالم محمد
Published: June 2024

البحث بصدد دراسة لوثيقتين، تصرفهما القانوني الرئيس هو توزيع إرث شرعي بحضرموت باليمن، والعوابي بسلطنة عمان، يفصل إحداهما عن الأخرى ما يزيد على (66) عاماً، بهما إشكاليات متمثلة في الإشكالية العامة وهي وجود اختلافات جوهرية بالوثيقتين في تناول موضوع الإرث من حيث الصيغ القانونية والدبلوماتية، بجانب الإشكاليات الخاصة بكل وثيقة، والمتعلقة بتوزيع الميراث ومعالجة بعض الأمور الأسرية أحياناً بالوصية، ثم وجود خطأ حسابي في تركة الوثيقة الثانية، ووقف البحث على: نوعية التركات والموروثات ومفردات الحياة وأسعارها وأسباب ذلك، والقواعد العامة التي اتبعت في كتابة مثل هذه الوثائق في تلك المنطقة الجغرافية من العالم العربي، وكيفية توثيقها وعباراتها وألفاظها المستخدمة والممتزجة بالإرث العربي الإسلامي والمستوحاة من البيئة خاصتهم، والأسماء المنتشرة في تلك المنطقة، الأماكن الجغرافية، البلدان والقرى المذكورة باليمن وسلطنة عمان في الفترة التاريخية (محرم 1290هـ/ مارس 1873م) و(4 جمادى الأولى 1358هـ/ 22 يونيو 1939م)، واعتمد البحث على المنهج التاريخي التحليلي، وذلك من خلال مراجعة المصادر الأولية والثانوية ونقدها نقداً داخلياً وخارجياً، مع الملاحظة التحليلية الناقدة لتلك المصادر، وصياغة الفروض، بالإضافة إلى المقابلات الشخصية لشخصية عمانية، بجانب المنهج الوثائقي الدبلوماتي للوصول إلى الصيغ القانونية المستخدمة في الوثيقتين، وأجزائهما من خلال الدراسة الأرشيفية الدبلوماتية لهما.
القلب المكاني للفعل الرباعي (رؤية في البنية والدلالة).
Authors: العلوي محمد
Published: June 2024

يتناول البحث موضوع القلب المكاني للفعل الرباعي (رؤية في البنية والدلالة) ؛ إذ يبدو الرباعي كمركب نشط من محشود عنصرين، حتى إذا أخذت الطاقة وَفْرَها واصَّعَّدت تبجَّست بمقلوب البنية حيداً إغراقياً عن مأنوس الحال، فيجد الرباعي المقلوب مندوحتَه بالصنعة والتلطف لا بالإقدام والتعجرف؛ حيث البنية السطحية المنحوتة، كل ذلك محفوف بمحاولة تأصيلية علها تضع لبنة في الدرس الصرفي موزعة على محاور ثلاثة:
الأول: التوليد البنيوي المجرد وأصل الوضع؛ وفيه أن اقتضت حكمة الوضع أن الرباعي لم يكن ليبدر إلا عن نقص يزاور به عن بِدْع المباغتة البنيوية إلى شعب التوليد حيث النحت من ثلاثيين؛ بل قيل بثنائية مدَّرِعة بنماذج معجمية مكتظة، ونظائر سامية، ونزعة بنيوية تنموية مثلِّثة انتهجها ابن فارس.
الثاني: الأصل البنيوي لمقلوب الرباعي بين ثابت التجريد ومتحول التوليد؛ فقد يعتقب على بنية الرباعي طبيعتان: سطحية محكومة بصرف الصنعة، لا تبرح (فعلل) بحال؛ تملساً من مظنة القدح في عللهم، واطراداً لمتلئبِّ نهج قواعدهم؛ بيد أنها قد تستنكف عن تفسير اللفظ ومقلوبه باعتباطية الحمل على اللغات، وأخرى عميقة مجبولة على صرف الطبع من تجذير ثلاثي لـ(فعلل) وغيرها، إصابة لمغنمين: ميز أصل من معكوسه في كثير، وإثراء لمُثُل القلب المكاني.
والثالث: العدول باللفظ عن مألوف حاله قلباً لمقتضى؛ ذلك أن من سنن العربية أن تستعلي على أنساقها، بإزاحة إغراقية عن مألوف الحال، فكان أن تحامت منحوتها الرباعي بالقلب المكاني؛ لانسجام بين لافت الملفوظ وامتلاء الملحوظ.
والبحث مختوم بنتائج، مذيل بهوامش وحواش مرقمة.
الإعلان ودعوات الاستعطاف: لغة الإعلان الاستدراجي في دولة الكويت 1960.
Authors: النجدي خالد عبدالله
Published: June 2024

تتناول الدراسة لغة الإعلان الاستدراجي (Advertising Persuasive Language) في دولة الكويت خلال فترة الستينيات. وتهدف الدراسة إلى معرفة وتقصي تأثير دعوات الاستعطاف (Emotional Appeal) على القرارات الشرائية للمستهلك. استخدم الباحث منهج تحليل المحتوى أو المضمون (Content Analysis) في دراسة طبقت على 2446 إعلاناً، تم اختيارها بطريقة عشوائية من 471 جريدة ومجلة أصدرت عام 1960 في دولة الكويت. تقوم فرضية البحث/ الدراسة على أن لغة الإعلان الاستدراجي (Persuasive Language) في فترة الستينيات احتوت على جوانب/ مظاهر من دعوات الاستعطاف ساهمت بصورة كبيرة في التأثير على السلوك الانفعالي والقرارات الشرائية للمستهلك. وخلصت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن مظاهر دعوات الاستعطاف في الإعلان الاستدراجي كان لها تأثير كبير على تغير مظاهر الحياة الاجتماعية المستهلك. ووضعت الدراسة توصيات بمزيد من الاهتمام بدراسة لغة الإعلان وإستراتيجياته في دولة الكويت دراسة علمية، وكذلك تدريس تاريخ الإعلان كمقرر دراسي في المرحلة الجامعية والدراسات العليا.
ثورتا 14 تموز (يوليو) 1958م و 8 شباط (فبراير) 1963م في العراق وموقفهما من الكويت (بين المطالبة والاعتراف).
Authors: الحبشي نور
Published: June 2024

تعد ثورتا 14 تموز (يوليو) 1958م، و 8 شباط (فبراير) 1963م في العراق وموقفهما من الكويت بين المطالبة من الأولى، والاعتراف من الثانية أمراً مهماً جداً في تسلسل العلاقات بين البلدين، وهو - بلا شك - كانت له تداعياته وتأثيراته في سياق تطور العلاقة بينهما. فكيف تعاملت الكويت مع النظام الجديد في بغداد، الذي أتى بثورة أنهت العهد الملكي نهائياً في العراق عام 1958م، وبدأ عصر الجمهورية، ومن ثمَّ لتكون الكويت أيضاً شاهدة على الثورة الأولى في العهد الجمهوري، التي أسقطت حكم عبد الكريم قاسم الذي طالب بالكويت عام 1961م من خلال أزمة مفتعلة من قبله.
وقد عانت الكويت وتعاملت مع كلتا الثورتين في العراق بذكاء يحسب لها ولحاكمها الشيخ عبد الله السالم، الذي كان شاهد عيان على نهاية العهد الملكي الدموي، وعلى حكم عبد الكريم قاسم وعليه نفسه.
وقد عانت الكويت في تعاملها مع نظامين مختلفين في العراق، وسعت -بخطوات جادة وحثيثة- محاولة العيش بحسن جوار مع العراق وفق معطيات الموقف، وبادرت بحسن النية إلا أن حكام بغداد إبان الحكومات المختلفة كانت لهم آراء أخرى، كلٌّ بحسب مطامعه وأهوائه؛ إذ سعى بعضهم للزج بالكويت بالتحالفات الإقليمية مثلما حدث في موضوع الاتحاد الهاشمي إبان العهد الملكي، بينما سعى العراق الجمهوري وحاكمه عبد الكريم قاسم إلى المطالبة بالكويت عام 1961م.
والحقيقة أن الكويت سعت بكل ما أُتيح لها من إمكانيات أن تثبت حقيقة واحدة، هي أنها دولة ذات سيادة، وبرهنت على ذلك بالدبلوماسية تارة، وإبداء حسن النية تارة أخرى مع العراق في عملية واضحة سعت فيها لتجنب الوقوع بالمشكلات مع جار الشمال، إلا أن ذلك لم يحصل فكانت السنوات الأخيرة من العهد الملكي متوترة، وبقيام ثورة 14 تموز (يوليو) 1958م توقعت الكويت أن القادمين الجدد لا يسعون إلى شق الصف العربي إلا أن ذلك لم يكن؛ إذ جاءت المطالبة عام 1961م بضم الكويت علنية وواضحة وصريحة من قبل حاكم العراق، واستخدم فيها تحالفاته الدولية المتمثلة بالكتلة الشرقية ولا سيّما الاتحاد السوفيتي الذي ناور دبلوماسياً، واستخدم الفيتو داعماً لحليفه وصديقه عبد الكريم قاسم ليؤخر ويعرقل انضمام الكويت للأمم المتحدة أكبر صرح دولي وعالمي، لكن الكويت حصلت عام 1963م على الاعتراف بها من قبل العراق لتنضم في العام نفسه إلى الأمم المتحدة، وكان ذلك بعد سقوط حكم عبد الكريم قاسم، وقيام ثورة أخرى في 8 شباط (فبراير) 1963م؛ ليعترف قادة الثورة الجديدة في العراق بالكويت دولة مستقلة ذات سيادة.