bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amorphous Porous Organic Polymers Based on Schiff‐Base Chemistry for Highly Efficient Iodine Capture
Authors: Guo Zongxia , Sun Panli , Zhang Xiao , Lin Jianbin , Shi Tong , Liu Shaofeng , Sun Abin , Li Zhibo
Published: June 2018

Porous organic polymers (POPs) have been considered as prominent adsorbents for volatile iodine. So far, both crystalline and amorphous POPs have accomplished excellent iodine capture capability. Considering the difficulty and challenges in preparing perfect crystalline POPs, more explorations into developing versatile amorphous POPs are needed. Herein, amorphous POPs based on the Schiff‐base reaction were designed and synthesized for volatile iodine removal. Four amorphous POPs products named as NDB‐H, NDB‐S, ADB‐HS, and ADB‐S obtained under different solvothermal conditions were investigated in terms of their morphologies, porosity, and their iodine enrichment performance in detail. It is noteworthy that excellent efficiency for removing iodine vapor was acquired for NDB‐S (≈425 wt %), ADB‐HS (≈345 wt %), and ADB‐S (≈342 wt %). Remarkably, NDB‐H exhibited an iodine capture capacity up to ≈443 wt %. Excellent reusability was obtained as well. Amorphous NDB‐H has accomplished an extremely high iodine capture performance, illustrating the great chance to exploit versatile amorphous POPs for iodine enrichment and removal based on Schiff‐base chemistry.
Synthesis, Isolation and Structures of Trifluoromethylated Fullerenes D2‐C76, C76(1)(CF3)10–18
Authors: Tamm Nadezhda B. , Ignat'eva Daria V. , Aslanov Leonid A. , Troyanov Sergey I.
Published: June 2018

High‐temperature trifluoromethylation of fullerene C76 chlorination products followed by HPLC separation of C76(CF3)n derivatives resulted in the isolation and X‐ray structural characterization of thirteen C76(1)(CF3)n compounds including nine new isomers such as one isomer of C76(1)(CF3)10, two C76(1)(CF3)12, three C76(1)(CF3)14, one C76(1)(CF3)16, and two isomers of C76(1)(CF3)18. Depending on their addition patterns, C76(1)(CF3)n isomers are divided into three subgroups and discussed in terms of trifluoromethylation pathways and relative formation energies.
Performance investigation of the BAO 2.6 m telescope
Authors: Hakobyan A. V.
Published: June 2018

Imaging performance of the BAO 2.6 m telescope is analyzed. In particular, the influence of the optical quality of the telescope's main mirror is considered. After a brief recall of the main parameters, which determine the performance of optical telescopes, detailed results of the mirror's optical quality investigation are presented. The contribution of the mirror's quality on the ultimate image quality, as well as its impact on the optical throughput in UVI passbands for a given seeing condition, is presented. Preliminary assessments of the other relevant factors responsible for image quality degradation have also been conducted.
The loss‐bet paradox: Actuaries, accountants, and other numerate people rate numerically inferior gambles as superior
Authors: Peters Ellen , Fennema M.G. , Tiede Kevin E.
Published: June 2018

Psychologists have convincingly demonstrated that preferences are not always stable and, instead, are often “constructed” based on information available in the judgment or decision context. In 4 studies with experts (accountants and actuaries in Studies 1 and 2, respectively) and a diverse lay population (Studies 3 and 4), the evidence was consistent with the highly numerate being more likely than the less numerate to construct their preferences by rating a numerically inferior bet as superior (i.e., the bets effect). Thus, the effect generalizes beyond a college student sample, and preference construction differs by numeracy. Contrary to prior thinking about preference construction, however, high expertise and high ability (rather than low) consistently related to the paradoxical phenomenon. Results across studies including Study 3's experimental modifications of the task supported the hypothesized number comparison process (and not a lack of expertise with monetary outcomes and probabilities or numeracy‐related differences in attention to numbers) as the effect's underlying cause. The bets effect was not attenuated by Study 4's instructions to think about what would be purchased with bet winnings. Task results combined with free‐response coding supported the notion that highly numerate participants have a systematic and persistent inclination for doing simple and complex number operations that drive their judgments (even after controlling for nonnumeric intelligence). Implications for 3 types of dual‐process theories are discussed. The results were inconsistent with default‐interventionist theories, consistent or unclear with respect to fuzzy trace theory, and consistent with interactive theories.
Broadened glycosylation patterning of heterologously produced erythromycin
Authors: Fang Lei , Zhang Guojian , El‐Halfawy Omar , Simon Max , Brown Eric D. , Pfeifer Blaine A.
Published: June 2018

The biosynthetic flexibility associated with the antibiotic natural product erythromycin is both remarkable and utilitarian. Product formation is marked by a modular nature where directing compound variation increasingly spans both the secondary metabolite core scaffold and adorning functionalization patterns. The resulting molecular diversity allows for chemical expansion of the native compound structural space. Accordingly, associated antibiotic bioactivity is expected to expand infectious disease treatment applications. In the enclosed work, new glycosylation patterns spanning the deoxysugars d‐forosamine, d‐allose, l‐noviose, and d‐vicenisamine were engineered within the erythromycin biosynthetic system established through an Escherichia coli heterologous production platform. The resulting analogs highlight the expanded flexibility of the erythromycin biosynthetic process. In addition, the new compounds demonstrated bioactivity against multiple Gram‐positive tester strains, including erythromycin‐resistant Bacillus subtilis, and limited activity against a Gram‐negative bacterial target.
Quantitative determination of pancreas size using anatomical landmarks and its clinical relevance: A systematic literature review
Authors: Desouza S. V. , Yoon H. D. , Singh R. G. , Petrov M. S.
Published: June 2018

There have been many reports of altered pancreas size in diseases of the endocrine and exocrine pancreas, but few attempts to quantify such changes. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review, documenting the methodology, and quantitative data in studies reporting on pancreas size. Three electronic databases (Embase, Scopus, and MEDLINE) were searched by two reviewers independently. Studies of humans were included if they compared pancreas size (reported as pancreas diameters, areas, and/or lengths) between diseased populations and controls. A total of 28 studies with 3,810 individuals were included. Among these, 22 measured pancreas diameters, seven measured pancreas areas, and one measured pancreas lengths. The most common landmark for the head of the pancreas was the confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins (three out of nine studies, 33.3%); for the body it was the superior mesenteric artery (seven out of nine, 77.8%); for the tail it was the internal border of the left kidney (two out of six, 33.3%). Pancreas diameters and areas tended to be smaller in diabetes mellitus, the extent of reduction being greater in individuals with type 1 than type 2 diabetes. Pancreas diameters tended to be greater in acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer but not in chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas diameters are a clinically relevant measure for diseases of the endocrine and exocrine pancreas. Consensus guidelines need to be developed to standardize their measurements. Clin. Anat. 31:913–926, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical Composition of Aqueous Ethanol Extract of Luffa cylindrica Leaves and Its Effect on Representation of Caspase‐8, Caspase‐3, and the Proliferation Marker Ki67 in Intrinsic Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer in Vitro
Authors: Abdel‐Salam Ibrahim M. , Ashmawy Abeer M. , Hilal Amany M. , Eldahshan Omayma A. , Ashour Mohamed
Published: June 2018

Breast cancer constitutes the second most prevalent cancer in Egypt, the problem needs more trends in treatment and treatment development either by regimen modification or introducing new drugs, and the main objective of this study is to screen the effects of the aqueous ethanol herbal extract of Luffa cylindrica leaves on different types of breast cancer cell lines representing different molecular subtypes of the disease. The major active constituents of the extract were tentatively identified by LC/MS which revealed the presence of phenolic compound derivatives and saponin that may be responsible in part for the activity of the extract. The emphasis was laid on the main apoptotic pathways as well as the extract effect on the normal cell line. Results of phytochemical investigation, cell cycle analysis, and molecular analysis of apoptotic and proliferative markers have shown effective anticancer activity against MCF‐7, BT‐474, and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines which represent three subtypes of breast cancer, luminal A, luminal B, and triple negative, respectively. On the other hand, the effects on normal lung fibroblast cell line are less prominent at the dose used for treating breast cancer cell lines.
Evaluation of the Anti‐Diabetic Activity of Polysaccharide from Cordyceps cicadae in Experimental Diabetic Rats
Authors: Zhang Qianping , Olatunji Opeyemi J. , Chen Hongxia , Tola Adesola J. , Oluwaniyi Omolara O.
Published: June 2018

Cordyceps cicadae is a medicinal fungus used in treating night sweat, childhood convulsions, vision improvement and pain. This study was designed to evaluate the anti‐diabetic activity of the crude polysaccharide (SHF) from the mycelium and body portion of C. cicadae. Diabetes mellitus was induced in the rat with a single intravenous injection of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg). In other to evaluate the anti‐diabetic effects of C. cicadae polysaccharide in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats, the crude polysaccharide (SHF at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) and glibenclamide were administered orally to diabetic rats for 30 days. Blood glucose level, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphate (ALP), creatinine (CREA), urea, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH) were determined. SHF showed significant reduction in blood glucose in diabetic rats. Treatment of diabetic rats also resulted an improvement in body weights, increased HDL, SOD and GSH, as well as decreased TC, TG, LDL, MDA, urea, CREA, ALT, AST and ALP. These results suggested that C. cicadae polysaccharide displayed anti‐hyperglycemic, anti‐hyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities and could be a promising therapeutic source in managing diabetes mellitus and its associated complications.
An ANKRD26 nonsense somatic mutation in a female with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (Tree Man Syndrome)
Authors: Uddin K. M. Furkan , Amin Robed , Majumder Sabbiha Nadia , Aleem Mohammad Abdul , Rahaman Atikur , Dity Nushrat Jahan , Baqui M. D. Abdul , Akter Hosneara , Rahman Muhammad Mizanur , Woodbury‐Smith Marc , Scherer Stephen , Uddin Mohammed
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical Message

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is an extremely rare hereditary skin disease characterized by an abnormal susceptibility to the human papilloma virus (HPV) with an increased risk of cutaneous malignancy. Here we report the first female severe EV case in Bangladesh, a 10‐year‐old girl with a nonsense somatic mutation impacting ANKRD26 gene.
Foreign body‐associated endobronchial inflammatory polyps
Authors: Higashiguchi Masayoshi , Jikuya Ryutaro , Kimura Hiromi , Matsumoto Tomoshige , Fujii Takashi
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical Message

Endobronchial polypoid lesions can be observed after removal of a foreign body and usually regress without treatment. Bronchial obstruction with a foreign body can cause atelectasis in nonelderly adults without history of an episode of aspiration.
Liquefaction Hazards from “Inherited Vulnerabilities”
Authors: CUBRINOVSKI Misko , RHODES Aimee , DE LA TORRE Christopher , BRAY Jonathan , NTRITSOS Nikolaos
Published: June 2018

This paper discusses two forms of soil liquefaction that are particularly damaging for engineering structures and communities: liquefaction of reclaimed land and urban liquefaction. Case histories from recent New Zealand earthquakes are used to illustrate characteristics of liquefaction manifestation and associated damage to land and structures. Liquefaction of gravelly fills at Wellington port and influence of finer sand‐silt fractions on the liquefaction performance of well‐graded gravelly reclamations are discussed. The importance of cross‐interactions between different layers and system response effects of liquefiable deposits are elucidated through 55 case history sites from Christchurch involving a wide range of observations from no liquefaction to severe liquefaction manifestation.
Geo‐hydro‐mechanics for quantitative landslide hazard assessment (QHA)
Authors: COTECCHIA Federica , SANTALOIA Francesca , TAGARELLI Vito
Published: June 2018

Landslide risk represents a strong limitation to the social and economic development of civil society in chain areas. This is particularly the case in highly urbanized regions. The need for mitigation of landslide risk prompts landslide hazard mapping. The aim of the research work presented in the paper is the use of geo‐hydro‐mechanics for the assessment of landslide hazard from the site to the small scale. The geo‐hydro‐mechanical analysis of landslide hazard is first presented to diagnose single slope. To this aim, the procedure for the deterministic analyses of the internal/external slope factors and of the possible landslide processes bringing about instability is presented. The contribution offers an overview of the key steps of the deterministic procedure with the phenomenological interpretation of a landslide mechanism as first, and the numerical validation thereafter. A representative case study of application of the methodology is discussed. The case study is representative for chain slopes in the Italian Apennines and exemplifies the geo‐hydro‐mechanical diagnosis of landslide hazard in complex geological contexts. As second, a methodology for intermediate to regional scale landslide hazard assessment, based on geo‐mechanical interpretations, is also recalled. The methodology is the Multiscalar Method for Landslide Mitigation, MMLM (Cotecchia et al. 2016b; Cafaro et al. 2016). It uses the hydro‐mechanical diagnoses of landsliding at the slope scale as reference starting point. In this contribution, a brief example of the validation of the MMLM to the geologically complex Daunia‐Lucanian Apennines (Italy) is also shown.
Design charts for geothermal piles under various thermo‐mechanical conditions
Authors: MROUEH Hussein , HABERT Julien , RAMMAL Dina
Published: June 2018

Among new “green technologies” in geotechnical engineering, geothermal piles appear to be an economical and cost‐friendly solution to combine shallow geothermal energy to the primary function of piles. Nevertheless, in comparison to conventional piles, they are subjected both to thermal and mechanical loadings, which arise some questioning regarding their behaviour and their mechanical design. Efficient and unambiguous calculation procedures are required in order to provide appropriate and progressive verification levels. In order to provide a first view of the design of energy piles, the main objective of this paper is to propose design diagrams that account for: i) rigidity of the overburden structure, ii) consequences of ground thermo‐volumetric strains, their link with the characteristics of the thermal loading and subsequent transient phenomena and iii) cyclic issues. This article presents a synthesis of the improvement related to these issues. Simplified design charts including these different aspects are finally proposed.
Landslide hazard assessment methodology in Georgia
Authors: GAPRINDASHVILI George , TSERETELI Emil , GAPRINDASHVILI Merab
Published: June 2018

Geological hazards always cause a threat to the important part of the population, make complicated their engineering‐agricultural activities and damage the infrastructure facilities. In the 21st century, protection of population and safe operation of infrastructure objects became significant social‐economic and geo‐ecologic problem. These problems gain even more actuality for mountainous countries, when on the overall backdrop of climate change and earthquake activation, and within the pressing conditions of wide‐scale human activities, negative impacts caused by disasters including human losses gains increasingly irreversible character. Georgia belongs to the most complicated region among the world's mountainous countries with development scale and recurrence of geological disaster processes, and with negative impacts to agricultural lands and infrastructural facilities. Landslide hazard assessment is an important step towards landslide hazard and risk management, where several methods are used: Qualitative, Quantitate, Spatial Multi Criteria decision‐making et al.
Assessing engineering problems related to soil dispersibility
Authors: NAGY Gábor , NAGY László
Published: June 2018

This article is not available for publication.
On the elaboration of landslide hazard and risk maps in Romania
Authors: OLINIC Ernest , MANEA Sanda , BOTI Ioan , COMAN Cristina , BURLACU Catalin , PANTEL Gheorghe
Published: June 2018

The paper presents different methodologies for elaboration of landslide hazard maps at different levels with respect to map scale and elaboration methodologies in Romania: level 1 – national, level 2 – regional, level 3 ‐ detailed. A case study for the city of Iasi (North‐Eastern part or Romania) of detailed landslide hazard and physical risk maps is presented.
Steinschlagschutzdämme – geokunststoffbewehrte bautypen
Authors: VOLLMERT Lars , HOFMANN Robert
Published: June 2018

Kurzfassung

Seit der Einführung der ONR 24810:2013‐01‐15 liegt ein Bemessungskonzept für geokunststoff‐bewehrte Erddämme zum Schutz gegen massive Steinschlagereignisse vor. In der Folge wurden weitergehende Versuche durchgeführt, die eine Optimierung der Konstruktion in bautechnischer und wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht zulassen. Als Ergebnis wird eine Unterscheidung von fünf Bautypen von Steinschlagschutzdämmen sinnvoll: Zunächst wird zwischen reinen Erddämmen, Dämmen mit Steinschlichtung und geokunststoffbewehrten Dämmen unterschieden. Letztere werden um zwei weitere Bautypen mit ausgeprägter Bewehrung in Dammlängsachse ergänzt, die große Dammabschnitte zur Aufnahme von Impaktlasten aktivieren können: Geokunststoffbewehrte Dämme mit erhöhter Querverteilung und mit stark erhöhter Querverteilung. Das neue Bemessungskonzept ist in der ONR 24810:2017 (Technischer Steinschlagschutz) beschrieben. Dieses Regelwerk wird bereits in vielen Ländern, wie z.B. Deutschland, Schweiz, Norwegen, Island, Kanada, verwendet.
Landslides monitoring – hazard and risk management case study
Authors: COLŢ Oana Elena
Published: June 2018

In recent years, the interest in the assessment of hazard and risk of land sliding and in developing a warning systems and land utilization regulations aimed to minimizing the loss of lives and property without investing in long‐term, costly projects of ground stabilization has increased greatly. To be able to quantify both landslide hazard and risk a comprehensive landslide inventory is needed. A method used worldwide these days is to portray the spatial distribution of the landslides hazard and risks in maps. This paper presents in a case study for a territory from Republic of Moldova ‐ the types of works performed and the results for evaluating the trends in the evolution of exogenous geological processes (PGE) and the changes in the geological environment over time. All the results were used to make an annual forecast of the land sliding processes that could be use by interested state structures in order to establish a program of measures to protect the environment against sliding.
“It's always the contract!”: legal risks and chances for geotechnical work in Central and South‐Eastern Europe
Authors: MESIC Muhamed
Published: June 2018

Geotechnical work always involves a number of unique and significant legal risks affecting all stakeholders. These risks can and do cause major disturbances and deviations, including delays and cost explosions, and knowing them in order to properly assess and mitigate them is a key element for the success of any geotechnical project. Some jurisdictions, like Austria, can look back on more than 50 years of established legal principles and jurisprudence in this field, others in the broader region are just starting to look at and define the liability and extent of obligations of participants in geotechnical projects. The paper presents a comparative approach and explores legal concepts and contexts such as soil risk, standards for geotechnical investigation, liability for hazards or execution of geotechnical works under third‐party property from a perspective tailored for geotechnical practitioners in the region.
Risk‐based framework accounting for the effects of vegetation in geotechnical engineering
Authors: MICKOVSKI B. Slobodan
Published: June 2018

Eco‐engineering techniques comprise the use of vegetation, either alone or in combination with traditional civil engineering structures, for control of soil erosion and shallow landslides. The main perceived disadvantage in the design of these solutions is often listed as the uncertainty, and thus, hazards and risks related to the living material. In order to account and mitigate for these uncertainties, an approach is proposed where a number of novel methods aimed at enhancement of the understanding of the mechanisms of soil‐root reinforcement are presented. These methods range from fundamental assessment of suction stress induced by the vegetation in the design phase, through assessment of root growth on slopes during construction and operation, to the assessment of long‐term slope stability and sustainability of the solution implemented. The results of this study show that multidisciplinary knowledge of the risks and processes occurring at different project stages as well as input from relevant disciplines are needed in order to inform the geotechnical design and construction.
Recent landslides in North Cyprus
Authors: ATALAR Cavit , DAS Braja M.
Published: June 2018

Landslides occur when the driving force overcomes the resistance from the shear strength of the soil along the rupture surface. A portion of a hillslope becomes too weak to support its own weight and moves down a slope. Landslides are most common on moderate to steep slopes. The causes of landslides include rainfall, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, fires, loud sounds, and various human modification of the land, that disturb natural slope stability. Landslides commonly occur with floods and earthquakes and constitute a major natural hazard. A large part of Cyprus is covered by clayey soils. Landslides occur at the steep and very steep slopes of these formations. The high elevation areas of south west South Cyprus has a long history of slope instability. Large even massive scale landslides occurred in the inland parts of Paphos district. Recent Landslides in North Cyprus due to new road construction indicates that the new development areas also need to be investigated more careful.
Comparison between soil properties derived from CPT tests and laboratory tests
Authors: STÃNCIUCU Mihaela
Published: June 2018

Loose sands or very soft clays are sometimes hard to evaluate from geotechnical purposes with classical methods. The aim of the work is to estimate the applicability and reliability of some of the most popular relations derived from CPT in the case of marine sediments of Black Sea. The paper presents comparisons between values of main geotechnical parameters derived by well known formulas from CPT and laboratory tests executed on remoulded samples of such soils. In the first instance a classical soil behaviour chart was used in conjunction with grain size analyses. In the next step estimations of saturated or dry unit weights and friction angle of cohesionless submersed soils, based on well known relations was found in very good agreement with lab test values obtained from thin‐walled tube samples. Finally, the evaluation of the state of stress puts in evidence that the investigated deposits are mainly under consolidate or normal consolidate and at least one of three different classical relations for the estimation of relative densities, fits well with values of lab tests.
Engineering difficulties related to crushable sand behavior
Authors: VAN IMPE William F.
Published: June 2018

This article is not available for publication.
Effect of excavation on settlements and bearing capacity of a foundation
Authors: AKSOY H. Suha , OZPOLAT Aykut , GOR Mesut
Published: June 2018

This article is not available for publication.
Upgrading of the model of structural‐phase deformability of undisturbed soil lines
Authors: AWWAD Talal , GRUZIN Andrei , GRUZIN Vladimir , BAIMUKHANOV Seriktay
Published: June 2018

During the process of developing a more accurate model of dynamic deformation of undisturbed soil bulk in the form of elastoplastic half‐space there has been studied a possibility of describing the “stress‐relative strain”. In order to analyze the adequacy of the developed model there has been conducted a comparative research of the obtained theoretical and the existing practical results for sandy clays of different consistency. The comparative analysis of the experimental and analytical data allows making the conclusion on the applicability of the equation describing the “stress‐relative strain” dependency for undisturbed sandy clay with the plasticity index 0 ≤ IP ≤ 0.5 within the operational range of loads during simulation of an impulse action of a working tool applied to undisturbed soil. The use of the mathematical model has allowed obtaining graphical dependencies of time of influence for sandy clays of different consistency taking into account a deformation modulus and a value of the pressing impulse.
On the variability of the effective friction angle of Saint Lucian soils: investigations through a laboratory database
Authors: SHEPHEARD Casey J. , VARDANEGA Paul J. , HOLCOMBE Elizabeth A. , HEN‐JONES Rose , DE LUCA Flavia
Published: June 2018

For assessment of slope stability in data‐scarce regions prone to natural hazards, modelling relies, to a large degree, on estimates of the effective friction angle. Using a database, comprising soil data from Saint Lucia in the Eastern Caribbean, both simple regression and multiple linear regression analysis were performed. These analyses correlate various basic soil parameters with the effective friction angle measurements contained in the database. The developed statistical relationships are then employed for the estimation of the effective friction angle for use in a slope stability simulation scenario. These analyses show the narrowing of the expected range of results for the slope factor of safety when more soil parameters are used in the estimation of effective friction angle.
Determination of shear strength properties of coarse‐grained materials for stone column
Authors: SULOVSKA Monika , STACHO Jakub
Published: June 2018

The stone columns created using a vibro – replacement technique are often used technology of ground improvement. Suitable geological conditions for stone columns include loose coarse – grained soils and soft to firm fine – grained soils. The stone columns cause increasing of strength and deformation properties of the original subsoil. The design of stone columns must be based on properly determined properties of original subsoil as well as properties of the material of stone columns. The article presents and analysis results of direct shear tests of three different types of coarse – grained materials which are used for stone columns. The shear strength of coarse – grained material was determined using large – dimensional direct shear apparatus, which is required for this type of soil. Shear tests were executed for different values of the unit weight. High values of peak and residual angle of shear strength were determined for all three tested materials also in the loosest state. The initial shear strength was measured in the case of coarse – grained material consisting of the quarry stone.
Investigation of the hydro‐mechanical properties of silty sand material from Topolnica tailings dam
Authors: SUSINOV Bojan , JOSIFOVSKI Josif
Published: June 2018

This paper describes the investigation process of the hydro‐mechanical properties of a material used in 134.0 m high tailings dam construction. The grain size analysis classifies the soil as silty sand – by product from the mining process. The soil water retention curve was determined for wetting cycle using direct measurements of suction and volumetric water content. To describe the relationship between these two variables, the Van Genuchten hydraulic model was used. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity was obtained with Mini Disk Infiltrometer. These results will be used for physical and numerical modelling of the tailings dam Topolnica. The study analyzes the slope stability of unsaturated soil triggered by high intensity rainfalls.
Prognoseverfahren zur Bestimmung der zeitabhängigen undrainierten Scherfestigkeit von Tagebaukippen
Authors: UHLIG Markus , HERLE Ivo
Published: June 2018

Kurzfassung

Um an den Rohstoff, wie hier die Braunkohle, zu gelangen, werden in einem Tagebau große Mengen des Deckgebirges bewegt. Dieses Abraummaterial wird meist mittels Transportbändern auf Außenoder Innenkippen verbracht. Dabei entstehen temporäre Böschungen, die ausreichend standsicher ausgebildet sein müssen. Beim Transport des feinkörnigen Materials kann sich dieses in seiner Konsistenz verändern, was die Verkippung in speziellen Polderstrukturen erforderlich macht. Diese feinkörnigen Materialien konsolidieren nach der Verkippung, sodass sich ihre undrainierte Scherfestigkeit mit zunehmender Liegezeit vergrößert. Dieser Artikel beschreibt, wie die Entwicklung der undrainierten Scherfestigkeit prognostiziert werden kann. Dabei wird auf analytische Gleichungen der Konsolidationstheorie zurückgegriffen. Am Ende der Auswertung kann aus einem Diagramm die undrainierte Scherfestigkeit zu bestimmten Liegezeiten abgelesen werden, um damit die Dimensionierung der Verkippungsgeometrie durchzuführen oder die Standsicherheit nachzuweisen.
Application of Artificial Neural Networks for the prediction of undrained shear modulus in cohesive soils
Authors: WRZESIŃSKI Grzegorz , LECHOWICZ Zbigniew , SULEWSKA Maria J.
Published: June 2018

The paper presents a study carried out in a Hollow Cylinder Apparatus (HCA) to determine the shear modulus Gu in undrained conditions. Selected results of tests performed for undisturbed cohesive soils are presented. Values of undrained shear modulus Gu have been determined at shear strain of 0.1% and 0.5%. Laboratory tests were performed on slightly overconsolidated clay (Cl) and sandy silty clay (sasiCl) with an overconsolidation ratio OCR of about 3.5 and 2.7, and a plasticity index Ip of 77.6% and 34.7%, respectively. HCA tests were performed with anisotropic consolidation and shearing in undrained conditions. Results of laboratory tests have allowed to assess the influence of the principal stress rotation on the values of undrained shear modulus Gu using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs).
Back analysis of Budapest Rákóczi square metro4 station deep excavation
Authors: ZSIROS Nikoletta , MÓCZÁR Balázs , SZEPESHÁZI Attila
Published: June 2018

The construction monitoring of Ráckóczi square metro station of Budapest Metro Line 4 offered a great opportunity to back analyse the braced deep excavation in the building period. Building movements, strut forces and wall displacement measurements have been compared to numerical results derived by PLAXIS using HSsmall soil model. Considering the influence of small strain stiffness of plastic soils, good fit of the measured and calculated movements could be observed and the strut forces could be calculated reasonable. Curve characteristic of surface settlements was explored, as well. Analysis were carried out to observe influence of the following inputs on the numerical results: soil material model; consolidation effects, boundary conditions. A detailed evaluation is given about the results of parametric analysis.
Several cases on support of foundation pits
Authors: DIMITRIEVSKI Ljupco , DIMITRIEVSKI Dragan , DIMITRIEVSKI Teodor , STRASHESKI Atanas , DIMITRIESKI Hristijan , VETA Aristid , ATANASOSKI Mladen
Published: June 2018

Probably one of the most challenging geotechnical tasks in urban areas is supporting of deep foundation pits. In some regions this task is pretty hard to accomplish due to the limited experience of the contractors in the field of geotechnical structures, the lack of proper construction equipment, specific urban planning etc. Providing sufficient number of parking lots is the most common reason for the construction of underground levels in new buildings. On the other hand, such approach demands capable, experienced contractors and proper geotechnical design. This paper deals with several case studies of structures for retaining of foundation pits. The referred structures are constructed on different sites in the Republic of Macedonia. The depth of the excavation pits varies between 6 m and 10 m, but from design point of view more important is the complexity of the geotechnical conditions. The excavation pits are retained by diaphragm walls, steel struts, anchors and reinforced concrete pile walls.
Assessing the hydraulic conductivity of road paving materials using representative pore size and grading entropy
Authors: FENG Shuyin , VARDANEGA Paul J. , IBRAIM Erdin , WIDYATMOKO Iswandaru , OJUM Chibuzor
Published: June 2018

Pavements are ubiquitous civil engineering structures which form the important lifelines that connect communities. They must remain serviceable after events such as flooding, cyclones and extreme freeze‐thaw cycles. The hydraulic conductivity of road pavements is important to understand their performance. This paper summarises some recent work aimed at improving the prediction of the hydraulic conductivity of asphalt concrete. Laboratory test results show the use of the ‘hand pumping method’ to measure the percentage of connected air voids in asphalt concrete specimens. The representative pore size concept is used to analyse an updated database of hydraulic conductivity measurements of asphalt concrete. The effect of nominal maximum aggregate size is studied. Preliminary efforts to use the grading entropy framework to predict the hydraulic conductivity of asphalt concrete are reported.
The karst protection foundations design
Authors: GOTMAN Natalia , GOTMAN Alfred
Published: June 2018

The authors analyze the features of the base modeling for the analysis of a foundation in a karst territory, taking the stiffness of the design parameter of the above‐foundation part of the building into account. Advantages of the contact model of a base (the model of the variable coefficient of subgrade reaction) are analyzed. It is proposed to determine the coefficients of subgrade reaction (stiffness of the piles) around the karst cavity with decreasing these coefficients in relation to the same coefficients calculated using standard methods (i.e., without karst deformations). Analytical solutions for different types of foundations are presented. The method for estimating the thickness of an effective karst protection geotechnical screen is proposed.
Ukrainian geotechnical society and its activities for solution of the geotechnical problems
Authors: KRYVOSHEIEV P. , KORNIENKO M. , KOZELETSKIY P. , SENATOROV V.
Published: June 2018

This article is not available for publication.
Experience in solving scientific and technical problems of construction in complex engineering‐geological conditions of Ukraine
Authors: KRYVOSHEYEV Petro , SLYUSARENKO Yuriy
Published: June 2018

This article is not available for publication.
Influence of deformation anisotropy of soils on the distribution of stresses in basement of foundation from near loaded areas
Authors: NUZHDIN Leonid , PAVLYUK Kseniya
Published: June 2018

The article analyzes the effect of deformation anisotropy on the stress‐strain state of the soil basement on the basis of a numerical experiment using the ANSYS software package. Strain properties of environment are determined by strain module E and Poisson's ratio μ. Resulting from calculation experiments, transverse‐isotropic environments were concerned with coefficients of stress‐strain anisotropy ka=0.5; 0.75; 1.33 and 2 and additional coefficients aa (α') are obtained, which are used in determining vertical stresses from the additional load. Based of obtained results a method is proposed for calculating the additional stresses of the anisotropic basement of the foundations of the existing building from the buildings and structures being erected. The calculation is based on the Lyave problem using the scheme of a linearly deformed medium. The anisotropic properties are taken into account by introducing an additional coefficient α', which depends on the degree of anisotropy of the soil basement ka and the geometric dimensions of the foundation.
Stability of earth structures and relevance of safety factors
Authors: TRAK Bariş , PAPIĆ Br. Jovan
Published: June 2018

Although the concept of factor of safety is commonly used in geotechnical design practice to cover all the (un)expected risks, its use in the stability analyses of earth structures presents major weaknesses. The paper presents a critical review of the historical development of this concept and also, of the concept of partial safety factors, and questions the present practice of using them in an indiscriminate manner. Some recommendations are proposed to obtain safer designs, without having to resort to the use of questionable hypotheses and parameters.
Road Consolidation and Banks Protections Structures on the Romanian Danube Sector in the Iron Gates National Park
Authors: DUMITRESCU Victor , CHIRIAC Ioan
Published: June 2018

In an territory formed after building a hydroelectric power plant „Iron Gates‐Djerdap” generating a lake and naturally filled with a lot of important features, like animal and plant life, attractive surroundings and landscapes, historical, anthropogenic and cultural attractions, the idea of modernization and consolidation of the present road route stretching the left bank of the Danube was of prime importance. The paper will present some technical solutions implemented for bank protections, consolidations and structures to enlarge the road platform in order to reach the minimum width for safety and parking spaces.

Those are solutions with special features through the relationship with the variable soil characteristics, also with the environment and by the nature of the actions, demands and performance requirements to which they are subjected during their lifetime.
Geotechnical and structural remediation of residential building damaged by pit excavation
Authors: MIHALJEVIĆ Ivan , GALIĆ Josip , BANOVAC Filip
Published: June 2018

Residential building in town Pula in Croatia sustained structural damage through differential settlement, which occurred as a result of works in the nearby pit for sewage construction. Although no horizontal deflection was observed on the retaining structure of the pit, excessive vibration during installation caused consolidation of marine sediment soil on which the building rests. Building, which is more than 100 years old masonry structure, developed vertical and diagonal cracks on the outer bearing as well as inner walls, which widened from the ground floor to the top. Since differential settlements and tilting of the building continued after filling of excavation pit, remediation of the building was needed. Reinforced concrete beams were constructed under the masonry foundation strips as well as the jet grouting columns which transferred foundation loads to bedrock. Structural strengthening was done simultaneously. After the remediation, settlements and tilting soon subsided and stopped, while the monitoring equipment was left permanently on the building.
Geotechnical investigation for determination of causes for occurred deformations of regional road R1202 Mavrovo ‐ Debar
Authors: TASEVSKA Katerina , GJORGIEVSKA Lidija , DIMITRIEVSKI Teodor , FILIPOVSKI Blagoja
Published: June 2018

This paper elaborates the results from the performed geotechnical investigations as main purpose to define the occurred subsidence of the road construction on the existing regional road R1202, Mavrovo – Debar. The analyzed location is on chainage km 48+855÷49+055, on the right side of road in direction toward Debar in steep cut slope entering into the zone of Debar Lake. The water in Debar Lake provokes erosion of the lake coasts of the slope and causes slope instability, as well as deformations. From hydro‐geological point of view it is essential to underline that the groundwater influence during the metasomatism (alternation of calcium oxide with sulfur oxide), i.e. degradation of bedrock, opening fissures and caverns, i.e. reducing the physical‐mechanical features of the rocks. As a result it's occurred melonite zone (tectonic zone) registered during the investigation works in one borehole on depth of 15.00 to 19.00 m. Besides the occurred instabilities on the road, in addition will be indicated the causes for its occurring, as well as the foreseen remediation measures.
Tailoring the Band Gap in 3D Hybrid Perovskites by Substitution of the Organic Cations: (CH3NH3)1−2y(NH3(CH2)2NH3)2yPb1−yI3 (0≤y≤0.25)
Authors: Daub Michael , Hillebrecht Harald
Published: June 2018

Tuning the optical properties of MAPbI3 (MA=methylammonium) is a key requirement to increase the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Simple precipitation from solution allows the partial substitution of MA in MAPbI3 by H3NCH2CH2NH3 (H2en). Surprisingly, there is 1:1 exchange of the monovalent cation MA by the dication H2en. The charge compensation results from a deficit of Pb2+, leading to a series MA1−2y(H2en)2yPb1−yI3 with 0≤y≤0.25. This model has been supported by single‐crystal measurements and NMR investigations. The substitution results in a continuous shift of the band gap from 1.51 to 2.1 eV and a color change from black to orange‐red. The H2en content stabilizes the cubic high‐temperature (HT) form of MAPbI3. There is a linear correlation between band gap and unit cell volume. The substitution enables controlled band gap tuning because the extent of substitution is closely related to the applied MA:H2en ratio in solution.
Microcontact Printing Patterning of an HOPG Surface by an Inverse Electron Demand Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Zhu Jun , Hiltz Jonathan , Tefashe Ushula M. , Mauzeroll Janine , Lennox R. Bruce
Published: June 2018

The chemical modification of an sp2 hybridized carbon surface in a controllable manner is very challenging but also crucial for many applications. An inverse electron demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) reaction using microcontact printing technique is introduced to spatially control the modification of a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface under ambient conditions. The covalent modification was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and SECM. Tetrazine derivatives can effectively react with an HOPG surface and with microcontact printing methods resulting in spatially patterned surfaces being produced with micrometer‐scale resolution.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET)‐Mediated Fragmentation of Picolinium‐Derived Redox Probes
Authors: Dunkel Petra , Barosi Anna , Dhimane Hamid , Maurel François , Dalko Peter I.
Published: June 2018

The photolysis of covalently linked N‐alkyl picolinium phenylacetate—carbazole dyads was analyzed experimentally and by using density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent‐DFT (TD‐DFT) calculations. In contrast to earlier observations efficient one and two‐photon fragmentations conditions were found for 15 c (δu=0.16 GM at 730 nm) opening the way for the design of a novel class of “caged” compounds.
Dual Rh−Ru Catalysts for Reductive Hydroformylation of Olefins to Alcohols
Authors: Rodrigues Fábio M. S. , Kucmierczyk Peter K. , Pineiro Marta , Jackstell Ralf , Franke Robert , Pereira Mariette M. , Beller Matthias
Published: June 2018

An active and selective dual catalytic system to promote domino hydroformylation–reduction reactions is described. Apart from terminal, di‐ and trisubstituted olefins, for the first time the less active internal C−C double bond of tetrasubstituted alkenes can also be utilized. As an example, 2,3‐dimethylbut‐2‐ene is converted into the corresponding n‐alcohol with high yield (90 %) as well as regio‐ and chemoselectivity (>97 %). Key for this development is the use of a combination of Rh complexes with bulky monophosphite ligands and the Ru‐based Shvo's complex. A variety of aromatic and aliphatic alkenes can be directly used to obtain mainly linear alcohols.
Highly Selective Synthesis of Acrylic Acid from Lactide in the Liquid Phase
Authors: Nagengast Jens , Hahn Simon , Taccardi Nicola , Kehrer Matthias , Kadar Julian , Collias Dimitris , Dziezok Peter , Wasserscheid Peter , Albert Jakob
Published: June 2018

A new reaction system for the highly selective, hydrobromic acid catalyzed conversion of lactide into acrylic acid under mild conditions is reported. The applied liquid reaction system consists of a temperature‐stable bromide‐containing ionic liquid and 2‐bromopropionic acid as a source of dry HBr, with no volatile organic solvent being used. This allows for the in situ removal of the formed acrylic acid, leading to an unmatched acrylic acid selectivity of over 72 % at full lactide conversion. Accounting for leftover reaction intermediates on the way to acrylic acid, which could be recycled in an elaborate continuous process, the proposed reaction system shows potential for acrylic acid yields well above 85 % in the liquid phase. This opens new avenues for the effective conversion of biogenic lactic acid (e.g., obtained by fermentation from starch) to acrylic acid. The resulting bio‐acrylic acid is a highly attractive product for, for example, the diaper industry, where we expect consumers to be especially sensitive to aspects of sustainability.