bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Employing Keyed Hash Algorithm, Sequential Probability Ratio Test, and Temperature Comparison Test as Security Against Node Capture Attacks of IoT-Based WSNs
Authors:   Mapúa University, Manila, Philippines, Varca Jhon Aron F. , Velasquez Earl Nestor T. , Ibarra Joseph Bryan G.
Published: October 2021

The emergence of IoT opened new opportunities for development in various fields. With all the information that it gathers, it became an interesting target for multiple attackers. Thus, this study will enforce security solutions to IoT-based devices specifically in the perception layer by incorporating a Temperature Comparison Test, Keyed Hash Algorithm and evaluating it using SPRT especially in the defense against malicious activities detected in the nodes of a network namely for Mobile and Immobile attacks. For immobile attacks, using the keyed hash algorithm and the SPRT, the hash key of the passcodes was compared to determine the safety of the nodes. Hence, from the functionality test that was conducted, and evaluating the data gathered using SPRT and Bernoulli’s equation, the reliability of the protocol to detect Immobile attacks is concluded to have a 100% detection rate. For mobile node attacks, the study assumes the environment to be under normal, warm, and cold room temperatures. where both mobile and without mobile attack is simulated, the result shows that there is only an overall 3% difference from the temperature measure by the sensor to the ambient temperature. Hence, combining these protocols that are applied in the study eliminates the single points of failure in the nodes that are either applicable only to a distributed scheme or mobility support, the study also compared the tested protocol to the other existing protocols.
Fake news: cómo entender la evolución del engaño mediático.
Authors: Correia Santos Silvio
Published: October 2021

As fake news e a manipulação informativa não são fenómenos novos. No entanto, as particulares circunstâncias tecno-sociais do nosso tempo criaram um contexto muito favorável ao aumento sua visibilidade. Este artigo propõe uma revisão não sistemática da literatura, articulando e problematizando dimensões que contribuam para uma compreensão mais profunda do momento atual, bem como das condições que delimitaram este trajeto. Começando pela dimensão historiográfica da mentira mediada pela imprensa, é analisado o processo que conduziu ao aparecimento da falsidade como consequência da rápida evolução do jornalismo. Posteriormente, propõe-se o seu enquadramento no complexo contexto da sociedade em rede, no qual se têm colocado desafios aos quais os jornalistas e as empresas de media têm tardado em responder. As dinâmicas cognitivas do indivíduo, que hoje tem acesso a uma quantidade inédita de informação, são também abordadas como peças da problematização multidimensional aqui proposta. Ao abordar um contexto que podemos classificar como promotor de uma sobredose informacional permanente e implacável, este artigo não pretende responder a dúvidas sobre a quantificação dos impactos da desinformação. Antes, são enfatizadas as complexas inter-relações que, ao longo dos anos, deram forma a um problema que, em última instância, é um desafio civilizacional.
Agreement between heart rate at first ventilatory threshold on treadmill and at 6-min walk test in coronary artery disease patients on β-blockers treatment
Authors: Calegari Leonardo , Moreira Igor , Falkowski Andrei , Reolão José Basileu Caon , Karsten Marlus , Deresz Luís Fernando
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to verify the accuracy of the agreement between heart rate at the first ventilatory threshold (HRVT1) and heart rate at the end of the 6-min walk test (HR6MWT) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients on β-blockers treatment. This was a cross-sectional study with stable CAD patients, which performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) on a treadmill and a 6-min walk test (6MWT) on nonconsecutive days. The accuracy of agreement between HRVT1 and HR6MWT was evaluated by Bland–Altman analysis and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (rc), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and standard error of estimate (SEE). Seventeen stable CAD patients on β-blockers treatment (male, 64.7%; age, 61± 10 years) were included in data analysis. The Bland–Altman analysis revealed a negative bias of -0.41 ± 6.4 bpm (95% limits of agreements, -13 to 12.2 bpm) between HRVT1 and HR6MWT. There was acceptable agreement between HRVT1 and HR6MWT (rc = 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.63 to 0.93; study power analysis= 0.79). The MAPE of the HR6MWT was 5.1% and SEE was 6.6 bpm. The ratio HRVT1/HRpeak and HR6MWT/HRpeak from CPET were not significantly different (81%± 5% vs. 81%± 6%, P= 0.85); respectively. There was a high correlation between HRVT1 and HR6MWT (r= 0.85, P< 0.0001). Finally, the results of the present study demonstrate that there was an acceptable agreement between HRVT1 and HR6MWT in CAD patients on β-blockers treatment and suggest that HR6MWT may be useful to prescribe and control aerobic exercise intensity in cardiac rehabilitation programs.
Effect of changes in blood fatigue indicators, inflammatory markers, and stress hormone levels on 100-m records of sprinters following an 8-week intense interval training
Authors: Du HongYing , Sim Young-Je
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to examine the changes in the blood fatigue indicators, inflammatory markers, and stress hormones following an 8-week intensity interval training in sprinters, and to investigate the effects on changes in the 100-m sprint records. Twenty sprinters from a boys’ high school were equally assigned to high-intensity and medium-intensity interval training groups, and three 60-min interval training sessions were performed per week for 8 weeks, for a total of 24 sessions. Exercise intensity was defined as 85%–95% and 75%–85% of heart rate reserve for high- and medium-intensity training, respectively. At rest, both groups had an exercise intensity of 60% of the heart rate reserve. Our results showed decreased fatigue indicators, inflammatory markers, and stress hormone levels after high-intensity and medium-intensity interval training, with no difference between the training levels. In addition, the 100-m sprint records were different in high- and medium-intensity interval training groups, based on the lactate dehydrogenase and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels. In conclusion, medium-intensity interval training with a reserve heart rate of ≥ 75% can have a positive effect on blood fatigue indicators, inflammatory markers, and stress hormones in sprinters. Specifically, the changes in adrenocorticotropic hormone level seen in the high-intensity interval training group were found to have a significant effect on the 100-m sprinting records.
Applications of artificial intelligence in urological setting: a hopeful path to improved care
Authors: Eun Sung-Jong , Kim Jayoung , Kim Khae Hawn
Published: October 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been introduced in urology research and practice. Application of AI leads to better accuracy of disease diagnosis and predictive model for monitoring of responses to medical treatments. This mini-review article aims to summarize current applications and development of AI in urology setting, in particular for diagnosis and treatment of urological diseases. This review will introduce that machine learning algorithm-based models will enhance the prediction accuracy for various bladder diseases including interstitial cystitis, bladder cancer, and reproductive urology.
Recognising and managing retinal detachments
Authors: Ibrar Ahmed , Panayiotis Maghsoudlou , Mohamed El-Ashry
Published: October 2021

Retinal detachments are a potentially sight-threatening ophthalmic emergency that may result in significant, irreversible vision loss. The risk of developing retinal detachment increases with advancing age, myopia and trauma. Pre-existing retinal degenerations can precipitate a pre-detachment symptomatic period of photopsia or floaters, allowing clinicians to intervene early and prevent detachments. Novel imaging techniques, such as spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and well-established topographic modalities, such as B scan, can help to elucidate the type of detachment and any underlying causes, and help with surgical management. The overarching goal of treatment is to identify and seal all retinal holes, relieve vitreoretinal traction and prevent further recurrence. Prompt prophylactic retinopexy of retinal holes and tears is crucial in preventing retinal detachment, the main treatments of which are pars plana vitrectomy, tamponading agents and silicone scleral buckle.
Ein Austriazismus auf Erfolgskurs – geben als Basisverb der ziel-orientierten Objektsbewegung
Authors: Lenz Alexandra N.
Published: October 2021

The article focuses on the German verb geben (lit. ‘to give’) functioning as a put verb, i. e. a basic verb of goal-oriented placement. While German has been classified as a put-less language in previous research, initial studies on the German language in Austria show that geben seems to be spreading increasingly as a basic put verb, starting from the language area of Vienna. The research desiderata of this thus far overlooked phenomenon include empirically substantiated findings on its areal-horizontal and vertical-social distribution in contemporary German. In order to close this research gap, the article draws on data from a survey throughout Austria. Therein, two different registers of the dialect/standardaxis of each participant were accessed in order to assess intra-individual variation on the lexical level.
Meißen oder Wien?
Authors: Sauer Verena
Published: October 2021

The 18th century was marked by the dispute among scholars which German dialect landscapes should serve as models for the development of Hochdeutsch. In addition to the Upper Saxon variety, which was often mentioned as a prestige variety, also the so called ‘Maximilianische Kanzleisprache’ of the Viennese Court played an important role in the development of a superior German written language.

The aim of my paper is to reconstruct the historical concept Hochdeutsch by using a framesemantic approach. On the basis of a text corpus that includes 6 grammars of the 18th century, an individual text analysis of the prefaces is carried out. Therefore, I reconstruct explicit predications (so called “fillers” (Ziem 2014:243)) of the reference object Hochdeutsch and then derive the predication potential (so called “slots” (Ziem 2014:243)) of the historical frame Hochdeutsch.
Soziolinguistische Perspektiven auf Praktiken des Semiotic Landscaping in Zeiten der Coronavirus-Pandemie.
Authors: Reershemius Gertrud , Ziegler Evelyn
Published: October 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has left an impact on the semiotic landscapes of both rural and urban environments. The present study analyses two corpora of signs which emerged as a direct result of the pandemic in the rural environment of Krummhörn, a municipality in northern Germany, and in the city of Essen (Ruhr Metropolis) between March and July 2020. In addition to regulatory and informative signage, the data revealed a high proportion of affective signs which were displayed mainly by individuals around private homes, intended as boosters of collective moral in times of crisis. The analysis shows that slightly different semiotic strategies were applied when comparing a rural with an urban environment.
The FMR1 Premutation Phenotype and Mother-Youth Synchrony in Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Moser Carly , Mattie Laura , Abbeduto Leonard , Klusek Jessica
Published: October 2021

A subset of mothers who carry the FMR1 premutation may express a unique phenotype. The relationship between the FMR1 phenotype and mother-child interaction in families with fragile X-associated disorders has not been well characterized, despite the importance of high-quality mother-child interaction for child development. This study examined the association between the FMR1 phenotype and the quality of interactions between mothers and their adolescent/young adult sons with fragile X syndrome. Mother-youth synchrony was coded from a dyadic interaction. Maternal anxiety and depression symptoms, executive function deficits, and pragmatic language difficulties were evaluated. Results indicated that pragmatic language was associated with mother-youth synchrony. These findings highlight the importance of family-centered intervention practices for families with fragile X-associated disorders.
Photon counting correction method to improve the quality of reconstructed images in single photon compressive imaging systems
Authors: Liu Xinyuan , Ma Yue , Li Song , Yang Jian , Zhang Zhiyu , Tian Xin
Published: October 2021

Compressive sensing has been widely used in single photon imaging systems because of its advantages of high efficiency and low cost. However, when the received photon flux is large, some photons cannot be recorded by single photon detectors due to the dead time effect, which introduces nonlinear errors between the measurement results and actual values and further damages the imaging quality. In this paper, a photon counting correction method specific to paralyzable detectors is proposed to improve the quality of reconstructed images in single photon compressive imaging systems. To verify this method, a single photon compressive imaging system is built, which uses a digital micromirror device (DMD) to modulate the light and a PMT as the single photon detector. The Monte Carlo simulation is also implemented to double validate the performance of the proposed method and the results from the experiment. Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is used as the imaging quality evaluation standard. The experimental and simulation results indicate that our method can overcome negative effect of the dead time and accurately recover the intensity and waveform shape of echo signal, which can significantly improve the quality of reconstructed images and has a better performance than traditional methods in the single photon compressive imaging system.
Transient soliton dynamics in a mode-locked fiber laser: from stationary to pulsation
Authors: Huang Qianqian , Huang Zinan , Mou Chengbo
Published: October 2021

We report the experimental observation of the transformation process from a stationary soliton to a pulsating soliton in a mode-locked fiber laser. The detailed soliton dynamics, including soliton parameter changings and sideband variation in the transition, are analyzed by the dispersive Fourier transformation technique. This Letter unveils the great enhancement of intracavity periodic perturbations resulting from the slight increase of soliton intensity induced soliton modulation instability, leading to the occurrence of parametric sidebands and multi-periodic pulsing instability. Our experimental results can shed some light on the intrinsic mechanism of soliton pulsation, as well as contribute to the study of soliton stability and laser dynamics.
Algebraic cancellation of inter-channel cross talk in multiplexed heterodyne interferometry
Authors: Dey Anneshwa , Zhang Ya , Wong Justin , Sibley Paul G. , Bandutunga Chathura P. , Gray Malcolm B. , Chow Jong H.
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate the algebraic cancellation of residual phase cross talk in digitally enhanced heterodyne interferometry (DEHeI), a code division multiplexing technique for interferometric sensing. By using linear combinations of parallel decoding operations at multiple delays, we synthesize a zero correlation for spurious signals and remove phase cross talk: a method we call offset decoding. We experimentally demonstrate 70 dB of signal isolation and over 40 dB greater isolation than the equivalent standard implementation of DEHeI.
Deep-learning-assisted fiber Bragg grating interrogation by random speckles
Authors: Wang Tianliang , Li Yi , Tao Jinchao , Wang Xu , Qiu Yanqing , Mao Bangning , Chen Miaogen , Meng Yanlong , Zhao Chunliu , Kang Juan , Guo Yong , Shen Changyu
Published: October 2021

Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) have been widely employed as a sensor for temperature, vibration, strain, etc. measurements. However, extant methods for FBG interrogation still face challenges in the aspects of sensitivity, measurement speed, and cost. In this Letter, we introduced random speckles as the FBG’s reflection spectrum information carrier for demodulation. Instead of the commonly used InGaAs cameras, a quadrant detector (QD) was first utilized to record the speckle patterns in the experiments. Although the speckle images were severely compressed into four channel signals by the QD, the spectral features of the FBGs can still be precisely extracted with the assistance of a deep convolution neural network (CNN). The temperature and vibration experiments were demonstrated with a resolution of 1.2 pm. These results show that the new, to the best of our knowledge, speckle-based demodulation scheme can satisfy the requirements of both high-resolution and high-speed measurements, which should pave a new way for the optical fiber sensors.
Feasibility of Find cases Actively, Separate safely and Treat effectively (FAST) strategy for early diagnosis of TB in Nepal: An implementation research
Authors: Paudel Sagun , Padmawati Retna Siwi , Ghimire Ashmita , Yonzon Choden Lama , Mahendradhata Yodi
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Diagnosing TB in an early stage and initiating effective treatment is one of the best ways to reduce the burden of tuberculosis. Feasibility of Find cases Actively, Separate safely and Treat effectively (FAST) Strategy helps to improve the early diagnosis of tuberculosis cases among inpatient settings as well as out patient department patients and prevent TB transmission in hospital. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the FAST strategy, organizational factors, technical factors, barriers and enablers for the proper implementation of the FAST strategy in Nepal.

Methods

A qualitative study was conducted from April 2019 to August 2019. Data was collected by using focus group discussion, key informant interviews, and client exit interviews. A retrospective research was conducted in different hospitals in Nepal where FAST strategy was implemented. The patients, health care workers, province, district, and National level stakeholders were interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to assess the feasibility as well as barriers and enablers of the FAST strategy.

Results

Study identified that the ‘current setting’ of implementation and service delivery arrangement at hospitals were not well arranged as per requirements. The research findings showed hospital ownership is crucial for mobilizing staff and proper space management inside hospitals. Study identified that unavailability of a separate room, limited capacity of GeneXpert machine, irregular supply of GeneXpert cartridge, and insufficient human resources for screening and counseling are the major barriers of FAST implementation in Nepal.

Conclusion

FAST strategy is feasible to implement in healthcare settings in Nepal although the technical and organizational factors should be managed to ensure effective function of the strategy as per the approach. Hospital ownership is essential to mobilize health workers, improve client flow system and proper space management for FAST services.
Differential systemic inflammatory responses after TAVI: The role of self versus balloon expandable devices
Authors: Abu Khadija Haitham , Gandelman Gera , Ayyad Omar , Jaber Mustafa , Poles Lion , Jonas Michael , Paz Offir , Abu Sbaih Firas , Sella Gal , Shimoni Sara , George Jacob , Blatt Alex
Published: October 2021

Objective

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) provokes early injury response, represented in part by dynamic changes in the inflammatory markers. The association of self-expanding valves (SEVs) and balloon-expandable valves (BEVs) with the consequent inflammatory response remains uncertain.

Materials and methods

Patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who underwent transfemoral TAVI: SEVs or BEVs, from January 2010 to December 2019 were enrolled. Whole white blood cells (WBC) and subpopulation dynamics as well the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were evaluated.

Results

Three-hundred seventy consecutive patients (mean age 81.75 ± 6.8 years, 199 women’s) were enrolled. In the entire population, significant kinetic changes in the WBC response (p <0.0001) between admission and first 24 hours post procedure, with a significant increase in total WBC (7.46 ± 2.26 to 10.08 ± 3.55) and absolute neutrophil count (4.97 ± 2.06 to 8.19 ± 3.43), NL ratio (3.72 ± 2.8 to 9.76 ± 7.29), and a meaningful decrease in absolute lymphocytes count (1.67 ± 1.1 to 1.1 ± 0.76). When compared between the types of valves, SEVs were associated with a more pronounced inflammatory response than BEVs, with total WBC (10.44 ± 3.86 vs. 9.45 ± 3.19) neutrophils (8.56 ± 3.75 vs. 7.55 ± 3.06) with p 0.016 and 0.012 respectively.

Conclusion

This is the first description of a differential inflammatory response between the two leading delivery systems. SEV appears to trigger a more robust inflammatory response as compared to BEV. Clinical studies are warranted to assess the long term effect of our findings.
Sub-elite sprinters and rugby players possess different morphological characteristics of the individual hamstrings and quadriceps muscles
Authors: Kawama Raki , Okudaira Masamichi , Shimasaki Tatsuya , Maemura Hirohiko , Tanigawa Satoru
Published: October 2021

Numerous studies have clarified that sprinters possess unique morphological characteristics of the thigh muscles compared with non-athletes. However, little evidence is available regarding the morphological differences between sprinters and rugby players. This study aimed to examine the morphological differences in the individual hamstrings and quadriceps femoris muscles between sub-elite sprinters and rugby players. Ultrasound images were acquired from the proximal, middle, and distal regions of the thigh. From the images, the anatomical cross-sectional areas were calculated for 14 sub-elite sprinters, 14 rugby players, and 14 non-athletes. The calculated anatomical cross-sectional areas were normalized to two-thirds power of the body mass, and the normalized values of all regions were averaged as those of the individual muscles. In the hamstrings, the sizes of the biceps femoris short head and semitendinosus were greater in the sprinters than in the rugby players and/or non-athletes (allp< 0.05). In contrast, in the quadriceps femoris, the sizes of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius were the greatest in the rugby players (allp< 0.05). In the middle region of the biceps femoris short head and the proximal-middle regions of the semitendinosus, the muscle sizes were greater in the sprinters than in the rugby players (allp< 0.05), and vice versa in the middle-distal regions of the rectus femoris (allp< 0.05). These results suggest that 1) sub-elite sprinters possess larger sizes of the biceps femoris short head and semitendinosus, whereas rugby players have larger sizes of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius, and 2) each of the athletes has different size distributions, especially along the lengths of BFsh, ST, and RF. The findings of the present study would be helpful for rugby players in designing training regimens aimed at enhancing sprint performance.
A computationally efficient dynamic model of human epicardial tissue
Authors: Biasi Niccoló , Tognetti Alessandro
Published: October 2021

We present a new phenomenological model of human ventricular epicardial cells and we test its reentry dynamics. The model is derived from the Rogers-McCulloch formulation of the FitzHugh-Nagumo equations and represents the total ionic current divided into three contributions corresponding to the excitatory, recovery and transient outward currents. Our model reproduces the main characteristics of human epicardial tissue, including action potential amplitude and morphology, upstroke velocity, and action potential duration and conduction velocity restitution curves. The reentry dynamics is stable, and the dominant period is about 270 ms, which is comparable to clinical values. The proposed model is the first phenomenological model able to accurately resemble human experimental data by using only 3 state variables and 17 parameters. Indeed, it is more computationally efficient than existing models (i.e., almost two times faster than the minimal ventricular model). Beyond the computational efficiency, the low number of parameters facilitates the process of fitting the model to the experimental data.
The four-celled Volvocales green alga Tetrabaena socialis exhibits weak photobehavior and high-photoprotection ability
Authors: Tanno Asuka , Tokutsu Ryutaro , Arakaki Yoko , Ueki Noriko , Minagawa Jun , Yoshimura Kenjiro , Hisabori Toru , Nozaki Hisayoshi , Wakabayashi Ken-ichi
Published: October 2021

Photo-induced behavioral responses (photobehaviors) are crucial to the survival of motile phototrophic organisms in changing light conditions. Volvocine green algae are excellent model organisms for studying the regulatory mechanisms of photobehavior. We recently reported that unicellularChlamydomonas reinhardtiiand multicellularVolvox rousseletiiexhibit similar photobehaviors, such as phototactic and photoshock responses, via different ciliary regulations. To clarify how the regulatory systems have changed during the evolution of multicellularity, we investigated the photobehaviors of four-celledTetrabaena socialis. Surprisingly, unlikeC.reinhardtiiandV.rousseletii,T.socialisdid not exhibit immediate photobehaviors after light illumination. Electrophysiological analysis revealed that theT.socialiseyespot does not function as a photoreceptor. Instead,T.socialisexhibited slow accumulation toward the light source in a photosynthesis-dependent manner. Our assessment of photosynthetic activities showed thatT.socialischloroplasts possess higher photoprotection abilities against strong light thanC.reinhardtii. These data suggest thatC.reinhardtiiandT.socialisemploy different strategies to avoid high-light stress (moving away rapidly and gaining photoprotection, respectively) despite their close phylogenetic relationship.
Culture-centred approach to digital health communication: Sustaining health, addressing inequalities, transforming structures
Authors: Dutta Mohan J.
Published: October 2021

This essay examines critically the hegemonic discourses of digital health communication, attending to the role of digital technologies in expanding the reach of digital technologies while exacerbating inequalities in health outcomes. Drawing on a culture-centred approach, it foregrounds the role of communication infrastructures for voices at the margins of neo-liberal economies. These voices put forth an organizing logic of care that dismantle the ideology of neo-liberalism.
Tras las huellas del terrorismo en Euskadi: Justicia restaurativa, convivencia y reconciliación, Annabel Martín and M.ª Pilar Rodríguez (eds) (2019)
Authors: Reyes Baztán Maria
Published: October 2021

Review of: Tras las huellas del terrorismo en Euskadi: Justicia restaurativa, convivencia y reconciliación, Annabel Martín and M.ª Pilar Rodríguez (eds) (2019)

Madrid: Editorial Dykinson, 179 pp.,

ISBN 978-8-41324-346-7, h/bk, €17.10, ISBN 978-8-41324-390-0, e/bk, €13.50
Mulheres em Luta: A Educação e a Dinâmica de Auto-Organizacão das Empregadas Domésticas Portuguesas do Sindicato do Serviço Doméstico (1960-1986), A. Celeste Vieira (2019)
Authors: Serrado Joana
Published: October 2021

Review of: Mulheres em Luta: A Educação e a Dinâmica de Auto-Organizacão das Empregadas Domésticas Portuguesas do Sindicato do Serviço Doméstico (1960-1986), A. Celeste Vieira (2019)

Porto: Edições Afrontamento (Biblioteca das Ciências Sociais Plural 18), 337 pp.,

ISBN 978-9-72361-679-8, p/bk, €18,00
Biology and distribution of Orchis purpurea subsp. caucasica (Regel) B. Baumann et al. (Orchidaceae Juss.) in the Sochi Black Sea region
Authors: Averyanova Averyanova
Published: October 2021

Orchis purpurea subsp. caucasica (Regel) B. Baumann, H. Baumann, R. Lorenz et Ruedi Peter is widespreadin the Sochi Black Sea region. It occurs on forest edges and in secondary woodlands of the lower mountain zone. Thenumber in individual populations is from 3 individuals to several dozen, occasionally there are clusters of up to 400individuals. The abundance varies greatly depending on the weather conditions and other factors. The species is winterlate-spring-green with a summer-winter dormant period. The growing season lasts 4–4.5 months. The criterion foridentifying ontogenetic states is the number and size of leaves, the number of leaf veins. Ontogenetic spectra of populationsare single-peaked with a predominance of adults; in more favorable growing conditions, two-peaked with a maximum ofjuveniles. Populations are full-member, normal type, stable. Seed renewal. Fruit formation is about 37.3 %. The numberof seeds in one capsule is from 6 to 28 thousand, one individual produces up to 80 thousand complete seeds per season.Orchis-type seeds, club-shaped, about 0.4 mm long; the embryo is large, round in projection. The species is protected inthe Caucasian State Natural Biosphere Reserve and the Sochi National Park.
Comparative anatomy of the conductive tissues of the scions of Pinus sibirica Du Tour, P. cembra L. and their rootstocks P. sylvest
Authors: Astrakhantseva N. V.
Published: October 2021

To study the appearance of incompatibility in adult graft trees, we studied the anatomical characteristics ofconducting phloem and sapwood in 55-year-old scions of Pinus sibirica Du Tour and Pinus cembra L. and their rootstocks –Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). It was found that in all variants the width of the sapwood in the rootstock is significantlyhigher than in the scion; however, when only the early tracheids are taken into account, the differences between the scionand the rootstock are not significant, and the total width of the early tracheids from the sapwood is some higher in theP. cembra trees. In the place of rootstock and scion union, the width of the rootstock sapwood decreases due to a decreasein the proportion of late tracheids, while the sapwood of the scion remains almost unchanged. The variability of the sapwood width in scions and rootstocks of the P. cembra is lower and it is less sensitive to the reduction of increments thanin the P. sibirica, it indicates interspecific differences. The average width of the conducting phloem for the growing seasonalso varies less in the P. cembra, and in individuals of the P. sibirica with small xylem increments it approaches the widthof the current xylem increment. The relationship between the width of the conducting phloem and the width of the sapwood is weak; the width of the phloem depends more on the current growth of the xylem. The quantitative differencesin the width of the sapwood and the conducting phloem make it possible to judge the preservation of their species-specificity during long-term coexistence of the scion and the rootstock, as well as the effect of the scion on to the rootstock.
Review of the current state and prospects of studying Kazakh species of the genus Allium L.
Authors: Gemejiyeva N. G. , Tokenova A. M. , Friesen N. V.
Published: October 2021

Onions Allium L. are promising economically valuable plants of Kazakhstan’s flora which are found almosteverywhere and distinguished by a large species diversity. In the Tien Shan mountains genus Allium is represented by 56Tien Shan endemics and 25 of which grow in Kazakhstan. Five new endemic species are described in 2021 for Kazakhstan’sflora. The results included analysis of the state of studied Kazakhstan’s species of this genus where were determined speciescomposition and status, degree of introduction research, application and prospects of 134 species of onions of Kazakhstan’sflora including 47 endemic and 12 rare species. Almost half of onions have been tested in culture including 15 endemicand 8 rare species. Introduction studies on decorative, food, medicinal and melliferous properties was relatively high. Incurrent time, the collection of Kazakhstan natural flora is represented by 16 species of onions.
Adaptive assessment of Сypripedium macranthon Sw. in the Аltai botanical garden
Authors: Danilova A. N. , Sumbembaev A. A. , Kotukhov Yu. A.
Published: October 2021

Аn adaptive assessment was given to 3 samples of Cypripedium macranthon attracted to the introductionfrom different ecological and phytocenotic growing conditions for the formation of a cultigenic population of the speciesin the Altai Botanical garden. According to the results of phenon observations and biometric indicators, Cypripedium macranthon samples were attracted to the introduction from young birch communities from the territory of the Southern Altaiwith a vertical distribution threshold from 415 to 1057 m above the sea level. They are stable in culture and undergo a fullcycle of seasonal development. However, due to the lack of self-seeding, it is premature to talk about the success of creatinga cultigenic population of Cypripedium macranthon.
Systematic position of the genus Palimbia (Umbelliferae)
Authors: Degtjareva G. V. , Ostroumova T. A. , Samigullin T. H. , Pimenov M. G
Published: October 2021

Using molecular data (nrDNA ITS, cpDNA psbA-trnH), the systematic position of the genus Palimbia in theUmbelliferae was studied. It was shown that Palimbia is a monophyletic taxon and belongs to the clade Pyramidoptereae.Taxa closely related to Palimbia, such as Carum buriaticum and Schulzia, are very different carpologically, but they arecharacterized by finely dissected leaves, which is a very rare trait for the Siberian Umbelliferae.
Ecosystems of protected area of the Natural Park “Medeu”
Authors: Dimeyeva L. A. , Permitina V. N. , Sadvokasov R. E. , Kaliyev B. Sh. , Salmukhanbetova Zh. K.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of mapping ecosystems of the protected area of the Natural Park “Medeu”,located on the northern slope of the Trans-Ili Alatau mountain range. The map of ecosystems and a legend has beencompiled. The legend contains 13 numbers. The largest sections of the legend are the natural ecosystems of the protectedarea and the natural-anthropogenic ecosystems of the buffer zone and the zone of limited economic activity. The habitatsof species from Red Data book of Kazakhstan that form communities (Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M. Roem., Armeniacavulgaris Lam., Celtis australis subsp. caucasica (Willd.) C. C. Towns. identified, and their brief characteristics are given.
Results of the introduction of tree plants into South Uzbekistan from the Circumboreal floristic region
Authors: Yoziev L. H. , Xudjaev D.
Published: October 2021

215 species, 4 forms and 5 hybrids grow in arboretums, parks and urban plantings of Southern Uzbekistan– a total of 224 taxa of woody introduced species, representing 113 genera from 52 families. Introduced plants came from 8floristic regions of the earth. The Circumboreal floristic area is home to 54 introduced species, of which 24 are found onlyin this area. They are originally from 10 provinces of the area. The range of 16 species lies in the boundaries of Irano-Turanregion, of 4 – in East Asian, of 3 – in the Mediterranean, of 2 species – in the Irano-Turan and Mediterranean regions. Thelargest number of species from the Circumboreal floristic region was introduced from the East European, Central European, West Siberian, Caucasian and Euxin provinces, where xeromesophytes, especially with increased drought resistance, aswell as mesothermophytes, which turned out to be more adapted in our conditions, prevail. Consequently, these provincescan serve as the main sources of introduction for southern Uzbekistan. Species from the North European, Central Siberian and Transbaikal provinces are less adapted. Representatives of these provinces are mesophytes and microthermophiles,and therefore they grow depressed and often do not bear fruits.
Ecology of onions in Transbaikalia
Authors: Zhapova O. I. , Antsupova T. P.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of studying the influence of growing conditions on the morphological andanatomical features of representatives of the genus Allium. The study concluded that xeromesophytic and mesoxerophyticspecies have high ecological plasticity. Within a species, a difference in anatomical and morphological structure can beobserved, depending on the conditions of germination. Growing conditions affect the number of leaves and the shape ofthe leaf cross-section, the degree of development of chlorenchyma, depending on the light conditions, and the location ofthe conductive bundles in the leaves. The height of the peduncle, the length of the leaf blade, the number of flowers in theinflorescence vary depending on the growing conditions.The article presents the results of studying the influence of growing conditions on the morphological andanatomical features of representatives of the genus Allium. The study concluded that xeromesophytic and mesoxerophyticspecies have high ecological plasticity. Within a species, a difference in anatomical and morphological structure can beobserved, depending on the conditions of germination. Growing conditions affect the number of leaves and the shape ofthe leaf cross-section, the degree of development of chlorenchyma, depending on the light conditions, and the location ofthe conductive bundles in the leaves. The height of the peduncle, the length of the leaf blade, the number of flowers in theinflorescence vary depending on the growing conditions.
Distribution and status of populations of some endemic representatives of Syrdarya Karatau and Western Tien-Shan flora
Authors: Ivashchenko A. A.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of the author’s research on the distribution and status of populations of 6rare endemic species of the Karatau mountains and Western Tien-Shan – Tanacetopsis popovii Kovalevsk., Trichanthemisradiata Krasch. et Vved., Hypacanthium echinopifolium (Bornm.) Juz., Lepidolopha karatavica Pavl., L. talassica Kovalevsk.et Safral., Tulipa lemmersii Zonn., Peterse et J. de Groot. Specific points of growth of the listed species, a detailed analysis ofthe floristic composition of plant communities with their participation, as well as an assessment of the level of endemism,brief additions to morphological descriptions, and for two species (Trichanthemis radiata, Tulipa lemmersii) – informationon the results of the experience of primary introduction under conditions Almaty city are given in this article.
Study of the stem growth of heteroplastic grafts of stone pines in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe
Authors: Kuznetsova G. V. , Astrakhantseva N. V.
Published: October 2021

Changes in the radial growth Pinus sibirica Du Tour and Pinus cembra L. grafts and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) rootstocks were observed in comparison with control (non-grafted) trees of the corresponding species, whichindicated the mutual influence of the grafting components on each other. The smaller width of the annual rings in Pinuscembra grafts compared to Siberian cedar grafts is due to their species features. In general, the phloem was more conservative in structure than the xylem and in the grafts union zone retained the species characteristics, sometimes manifestedin the form of jagged junction of two types of bark, while in the xylem in the union zone were cells with an intermediatestructure. The study of seasonal dynamics showed that, in comparison with the rootstocks of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.), the scions of Stone pine quickly passed to the process of maturation of tracheids, especially the scions of Pinus sibirica Du Tour, which also completed the development of xylem annual ring faster. The similarity of some parameters of theanatomical structure, reactions to climatic conditions, synchronization of the development of the annual ring in the scion of the P. cembra with the stock of the Scots pine explain the higher safety of grafts of the P. cembra in comparison withthe P. sibirica.
Modeling of territories suitable for the habitat of Allium obliquum L., listed in the Red Book of Tomsk oblast, based on climatic data
Authors: Levchenko L. S. , Olonova M. V.
Published: October 2021

Oblique onion – Allium obliquum – is included to the Tomsk Red Data Book with status 0 (probably an extinctspecies). The purpose of this study was to create a model of the territory, according to its climatic parameters, suitable for habitation of A. obliquum, as well as to reveal if the territory of Tomsk oblast as a whole is suitable for the growth of this species.Studies carried out using the MaxEnt algorithm showed that the current climatic conditions of Tomsk oblast as a whole arefavorable for A. obliquum occurence, and the climate change predicted by SCIRO for 2080 will not worsen them significantly.
Features of the specific composition of weeds on the territory of Vsevolozhsk (Leningrad region)
Authors: Mysnik E. N.
Published: October 2021

As a part of the ecological approach, weeds are considered as plants of secondary habitats of natural and artificial origin with disturbed natural vegetation cover. Such habitats are also available in the territory of settlements. Therefore,the study of the specific composition of weeds in the territory of settlements is an important area of scientific research. Thepurpose of this study is to identify the features of the specific composition of weeds depending on the type of habitat in thecity of Vsevolozhsk (Leningrad Region). Аs a result of the study, new data were obtained on the weeds distribution in different types of habitats within the city. For comparison, harvested clogged areas and lawns were selected, 59 and 66 species wereidentified on them, respectively. Species compositions of weeds of comparable habitat types have significant similarities in thetaxonomic structure and composition of species groups which dominate in occurrence (14 common species). The proportion of young (annual and biennial) and perennial species of weeds on the compared types of habitats varies slightly. Together,15 species from the compositions of the dominant species groups are dominant in the fields of the Leningrad Region, whichdemonstrates the relationship between the different components of the weed flora of the Leningrad Region. As a part of the ecological approach, weeds are considered as plants of secondary habitats of natural and artificial origin with disturbed natural vegetation cover. Such habitats are also available in the territory of settlements. Therefore,the study of the specific composition of weeds in the territory of settlements is an important area of scientific research. Thepurpose of this study is to identify the features of the specific composition of weeds depending on the type of habitat in thecity of Vsevolozhsk (Leningrad Region). Аs a result of the study, new data were obtained on the weeds distribution in different types of habitats within the city. For comparison, harvested clogged areas and lawns were selected, 59 and 66 species wereidentified on them, respectively. Species compositions of weeds of comparable habitat types have significant similarities in thetaxonomic structure and composition of species groups which dominate in occurrence (14 common species). The proportion of young (annual and biennial) and perennial species of weeds on the compared types of habitats varies slightly. Together,15 species from the compositions of the dominant species groups are dominant in the fields of the Leningrad Region, whichdemonstrates the relationship between the different components of the weed flora of the Leningrad Region.
The modern species composition of the family Chenopodiaceae Vent. (Amaranthaceae Juss.) of the flora of the desert part of the Syrdarya river valley
Authors: Osmonali B. B , Vesselova P. V , Kudabayeva G. M.
Published: October 2021

Representatives of the Chenopodiaceae Vent. family are the hallmark of the flora of the desert regionsof Kazakhstan, as they far outnumber other leading families. Moreover, this applies not only to the flora of the mountainousterritories, but also to the flora of the river valleys, in particular, the flora of the wide valley of the Syrdarya river. Thepredominance of Chenopodiaceae is due to the excellent adaptability of its species to desert conditions. Quite a few speciesof Chenopodiaceae are dominant plant communities, especially in the middle deserts of the North Turan province. Amongthem there are many species that have useful properties (forage, landscape, medicinal, etc.). The aim of the work was toidentify the current species composition of the Chenopodiaceae family (Amaranthaceae Juss.) of the flora of the desertpart of the Syrdarya river valley. Classical botanical methods were used in the research process. As a result of the conductedstudies, the modern species composition of the Chenopodiaceae family of the studied territory, consisting of 112 speciesfrom 38 genera, was revealed. The three largest genera include genera: Salsola–17 species, Atriplex–15 species, Suaeda–11species. The remaining genera contain from 6 to 1 species. Genera represented by a small number of species predominate(26 genera of 1–2 species each).
Accumulation of elements in thalli of representatives of genus Circinaria Link (lichenized ascomycetes) in arid habitats
Authors: Paukov A. G. , Kruglova E. P. , Pryakhina V. I. , Sinenko O. S. , Teptina A. Yu.
Published: October 2021

Elemental profiles were studied in thalli of a representative of Circinaria from Bogdinsko-Baskunchakskiyreserve (Astrakhan region, Russia). The highest concentration of iron, silica and aluminium were found in the cortex ofthe thalli. In the deeper layers the concentration of the elements decreases but the concentration of aluminium does notdepend on the depth. Iron and aluminium in thalli may act as filters for UV-B as well as heat insulators.
Weeds in the Southern Trans-Urals
Authors: Tretyakova A. S. , Kondratkov P. V.
Published: October 2021

The analysis of weed species composition in the Southern Trans-Urals was presented. The studied segetalflora included 127 species, 91 genera and 26 families. The most multi-species families were Asteraceae (23 species), Brassicaceae (14 species), Fabaceae and Poaceae (13 species). The most multi-species genera were Artemisia, Brassica and Vicia.The single-species genera in the segetal flora of the South Trans-Urals was up to 73 %. The amount of alien plants was 58%. We classified 11 species as highly active weeds. They had a high coverage (25–40 %), medium or high occurrence (inmore than 41 % of the surveyed field crops) and were found in all crops. Most weeds was inactive (103 species or 81 %).
Sozological substantiation of the creation of the protected natural object «Topilinskaya Gully» (Rostov region)
Authors: Shmarayeva A. N. , Fedyayeva V. V. , Kuzmenko I. P. , Yermolayeva O. Y. , Shishlova Zh. N.
Published: October 2021

In the article the substantiation of the organization of a new specially protected natural area of the Rostovregion «Topilinskaya Gully» is given. Topilinskaya gully is forested, located on the Donetsk ridge on the northern borderof the Nizhnekundryuchensky sandу massif. A brief description of the flora and vegetation of the gully is given. The mainassociations, typical, relict and protected forest and psammophytic species are listed. The flora of the gully includes 178species of higher vascular plants from 51 families and 139 genera.
Micromorphological study of the Nymphaeaceae in the Amur region
Authors: Tzyrenova D. Ju.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of a micromorphological study of two species of nymphaeans – Euryale feroxSalisb. and Nuphar japonica DC., fam. Nymphaeaceae Salisb. Detailed descriptions of the leaf blade and petiole are given.The main histological and topographic complexes and their proportions, histochemical features have been determined.When summarizing the results of the study, constitutional, adaptive and taxon-specific characteristics were revealed.