bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health-related Quality of Life in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Update
Authors: Thumboo Julian , Strand Vibeke
Published: January 2023

With improvements in mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the functional status of these patients, assessed using health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instruments, is increasingly being recognised as an important outcome measure in clinical research. Domains of HRQoL of particular importance to SLE patients include fatigue, ability to work, good health, independence, social and family life, learned helplessness (reflecting the unpredictability of lupus), pain and the home environment. The SF-36 currently appears to be the best available generic instrument for the assessment of HRQoL in SLE, and is likely to be complemented by several newly-developed disease-specific HRQoL instruments. It has been shown that SLE patients have poorer functional status than the general population, and that specific manifestations of SLE (disease activity, previous renal involvement and fibromyalgia) may influence HRQoL. HRQoL in SLE patients has been improved by (1) psycho-educational interventions including telephone counselling, a self-help course, group psychotherapy; (2) therapies including Riquent, belimumab, mycophenolate mofetil, dehydroepiandrosterone, oestrogen therapy and a cholesterol- lowering diet. Additional research is needed to identify strategies which can improve HRQoL in SLE patients.

Key words: Clinical Trials, Intervention studies, Outcome assessment (health care), Review
Seronegative Spondyloarthropathy – Studies from the Asia Pacific Region
Authors: Howe Hwee Siew , Zhao Like , Song Yeong Wook , Springer Lauren , Edmonds John , Gu Jieruo , Yu David TY
Published: January 2023

Recent therapeutic advances, in particular the use of anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents, have revived interest in the seronegative spondyloarthropathies (SpA), a group of arthritides characterised by axial skeletal involvement and the absence of rheumatoid factor. The purpose of this article is to review the studies that have been done in the Asia Pacific region, as a broad understanding of the scope and severity of this group of diseases would enable rheumatologists and physicians in this part of the world to better manage their patients. The majority of genetic studies have focused on the associations of HLA-B27 with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and SpA, while a few studies examined the associations of the CARD, IL-1, LMP2, TAP and TGF with AS. There are a handful of studies on the immunological responses to bacteria and cytokine levels in AS. The onset and clinical features of SpA have been reported from most countries in the region, but no data on patient outcomes, using current measurement tools such as the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity index (BASDAI), is available. Validation of these instruments of measurement as well as classification criteria in different ethnic populations is necessary where no prior data exist. Future studies will likely be focused on better clinical characterisation of patient cohorts, particularly with regard to the use of currently used measurement tools for disease activity and spinal function and mobility, and the identification of the need for biologic therapy in each country.

Key words: ESSG criteria, Genetics, Immunological and clinical features
“Price Spread of Marketing Channels of Tomato Crops in Chitrakoot District of Uttar Pradesh”
Authors: Kumar A. , Patidar P. , Kuril A. , Pandey P. R. , Narvariya R. K. , Rai D. P.
Published: January 2023

Tomatoes are used in many dishes including soup, salad, pickles, ketchup, puree, and sauces. It doesn’t matter how much yield you get if the farmer doesn’t get paid for it! As a result, marketing plays a vital role in increasing the farmer’s yield. Profitable production requires high quality vegetables to meet market demands. An agricultural grower’s choice of vegetable depends on the market’s demand and preferences. A lack of contact with the market channel sometimes prevents vegetable growers from receiving a fair price for their hard-earned produce. Marketing cost and margin analysis benefits both the seller and the buyer. The research used both primary and secondary data sources. An agricultural survey schedule was used to interview farmers to collect data on their income, employment, and farm activities for the 2018-19 agricultural years. Each of the five blocks in Chitrakoot district has its own distinct personality and culture. Ten farmers were chosen at random from each list A sample of 40 tomato growers from the 2018-19 production year were interviewed for the study. Channel III (P-W-R-C) received the most Tomatoes, accounting for 45.5% of the total disposed. During the marketing of Tomato, the producer, wholesaler, village trader, and retailer each incurred Rs.45/- per quintal marketing cost. This worked out to Rs. 612/- per quintal in Channel II, and Rs. 403/- per quintal in Channel III and IV. It was 270/- per quintal for wholesalers and 217/- for village traders in channel III. Consumption was Rs.1142/- per quintal in Channels I, II, III, and IV. Tomato price spread in channel-I was 96.09 percent, while marketing cost was 3.94 percent. Producer and Retailer paid 9.79% of marketing costs in channel II. Consumers paid Rs. 1410/qt., with producers taking 46.81 per cent of the profit. Producer, Wholesaler, and retailer marketing costs in channel III were 10.41%. Consumers paid Rs. 1473/qt in channel-III, with producers owning 43.11 per cent of the product. Producers, Village traders, and retailers spent 10.41% on marketing in channel IV. 1643/qt, with a 39.52 percent producer share. Channel II had the highest market margin at 43.40 %. In the Chitrakoot district, channel I was found to be more profitable than channels II, III,
POSSIBILITIES OF USE OF DOUBLE EMULSIONS IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY
Authors: Kadi Ammar , Bagale Uday , Potoroko Irina , Malinin Artium , Abotaleb Mostafa
Published: January 2023

: Emulsions are becoming more and more important in the food sector. These systems allow for the targeted administration of biologically active compounds to the human body as well as the production of new generation products with desired features. It is possible to achieve renewal of the properties of the resulting products through the use of modern approaches in the technologies for creating emulsions and their implementation in the production of dual systems (improvement of organoleptic properties, preservation of freshness and high nutritional value of the product at all stages of its storage, protection of labile ingredients during the technological and digestive processes, controlled release of biologically active ingredients, etc.). An ecologically friendly technique that may be used in the food business to create new food systems that are supplemented with biologically valuable ingredients is the use of double emulsions. The creation and usage of beneficial goods made without the use of chemical substances are receiving a lot of attention right now, which makes this strategy both relevant and promising from a scientific and practical standpoint. Currently, the two-stage emulsification process is the most used technique for creating double emulsions. The biggest disadvantage of this approach of gaining is the system that is created has a poor level of stability. Therefore, current research focuses on creating novel techniques to stabilize the system of double emulsions, such as membrane emulsification, phase inversion techniques using microfluidic devices with glass capillaries, and ultrasonic therapy
POLICE BODY CAMERAS AND LIABILITY INSURANCE: THE DETERRENT TO POLICE MISCONDUCT
Authors: Otu Noel , Emmanuel Ben-Edet , Mendie Edidiong , Onwudiwe Ihekwoba Declan
Published: January 2023

The Justice in Policing Act of 2020 propose mandatory body cameras for all uniformed federal officers in the United State. Advocates of this policy insist the practice will enhance police accountability and has the potential to also reduce police misconduct. In the same vein, advocates of mandatory liability insurance for police officers argue the policy will likely deter police officers from engaging in misconduct. How effective these policies are in enhancing police accountability and reducing police misconduct remains debatable. This paper examined the arguments for whether or not police body cameras have positively influenced police officers’ behavior based on an extensive literature analysis of the issue and some informal interviews with police officers. We make a case in this paper however, that body cameras alone will not deter police officers from engaging in misconduct. In line with the Rational Choice theories, police officers are more likely to restrain their actions if they know they will be held personally liable for their actions, and that is why we concur with the advocates of mandatory police liability insurance. Other provided arguments for the increase in police misconduct and that need to be addressed, include lapses in screening out psychologically unstable police applicants must be undertaken. Further contributing to police misconduct according to some critics is the unintended consequences of recent court pronouncements that seem to have watered down the exclusionary rule.
Treatment of early stage diabetic nephropathy using Siddha drug Sirupeelai kudineer - Single Case Study
Authors: P. Parvathy  , G. S. Lekha  , S. Aparna  , A. Kanagarajan
Published: January 2023

Background: Nephropathy is one of the major micro-vascular complications of DiabetesMellitus, which can be detected in the earlier stage by the investigation of urinarymicroalbumin excretion level, estimation of ACR and GFR. The Siddha drug SirupeelaiKudineer indicated for the complications of Diabetes Mellitus is selected for this Case study.The efficiency of the drug was reported by measuring the change in Renal function over theperiod of study and the KD QOL assessment. Case description: A male patient of 62 yearswith the history of DM and hypertension since 20 years came to the hospital with complaintsof bilateral pedal oedema, general weakness, frequent nocturnal micturition and weariness oflimbs since last two months. His renal profile and glycaemic index was deranged (SerumCreatinine -1.42 mg/dl; Blood Urea -54.3 mg/dl; Urine Micro albumin -99.45mg/L; UrineCreatinine -74.8 mg/dl; ACR -15.02 mg/mmol; eGFR - 64.5 ml/min; BSL (Fasting) -157mg/dl; BSL (Postprandial) -289 mg/dl). Patient was taking certain oral allopathic medicinesand injection huminsuline 30/ 70 in the dose of 35 units before lunch, and 30 units beforedinner subcutaneously. As per Siddha concept his three humours deranged and seen with theClinical features of Madhumega roga avathaigal and Neeradaippu. He was given Siddhamedicine Sirupeelai kudineer-120ml twice a day for the period of one month. Significantrelief in symptoms and improvement in certain renal parameters was noted in the subject.Conclusion: The clinical and laboratory parameters in this case study suggest that this drugmay be used along with other allopathic drugs in the treatment of Diabetic nephropathypatients.
Gejala Hijrah di Indonesia: Transformasi dari Islamisme Fundamentalis Menuju Islamisme Populer
Authors: Basri Muhammad Ridha
Published: January 2023

Beberapa pengamat melihat gejala hijrah sebagai manifestasi corak keagamaan konservatif dan fundamentalis yang dikhawatirkan membawa agenda terselubung berupa ideologi Islam politik. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa fenomena hijrah merupakan ekspresi keagamaan kultural, yang bergerak ke wilayah budaya populer dan Islam tengahan. Secara historis, kelahiran wacana hijrah punya pertautan dengan kelompok islamisme fundamentalis yang menjadikan hijrah sebagai doktrin kunci perjuangan ideologi Islam. Namun komunitas hijrah kontemporer bertransformasi bersamaan dengan arus modernisasi dan globalisasi, memudarnya daya tarik islamisme dan organisasi keagamaan mainstream. Gerakan hijrah dengan menggunakan media sosial, mampu membingkai dan merebut makna baru hijrah sebagai upaya transformasi diri dari kehidupan yang kurang islami menjadi lebih islami atau sebagai pertaubatan diri. Gerakan hijrah juga mampu menyerap aspirasi populer di kalangan anak-anak muda perkotaan yang mengalami moral panic.
RANCANG BANGUN SWITCH CONTROL THERMOSTAT PADA WATER HEATER KAPASITAS 10 LITER DENGAN DAYA 300 WATT
Authors: Simamora Antonius Managam , Siringo- ringo Kolombus
Published: January 2023

Untuk mempertahankan agar pemanasan dan pendinginan air terkendali sesuai yang diharapkan  dibutuhkan mendeteksi suhu sistem fisik dan melakukan tindakan sehingga suhu sistem bisa dipertahankan mendekati titik yang diinginkan. Thermostat digunakan di perangkat atau sistem apa pun yang memanaskan atau mendinginkan hingga titik suhu yang dibutuhkan, termasuk kebutuhan pemanasan ruang gedung, pemanas sentral, AC, sistem HVAC, pemanas air, serta peralatan dapur termasuk oven dan lemari es serta inkubator medis. Dalam literatur ilmiah, perangkat ini sering diklasifikasikan secara luas sebagai beban yang dikontrol secara thermostatik (TCL). Thermostat merupakan suatu perangkat yang dapat memutuskan dan menyambungkan arus listrik pada saat mendeteksi perubahan suhu di lingkungan sekitarnya sesuai dengan pengaturan suhu yang ditentukan. Pada umumnya, Thermostat yang digunakan saat ini dapat kita bedakan menjadi dua jenis utama yaitu Thermostat Mekanikal dan Thermostat Elektronik. Sifat dari thermostat akan mengendalikan suhu sekitar. Jadi pada saat terlalu dingin, maka thermostat akan menyalakan pemanasnya sehingga suhu menjadi tetap hangat. Perangkat pendeteksi suhu ini banyak digunakan di perangkat-perangkat listrik seperti Oven, Kulkas, Air Conditioner (AC), pengendalian suhu mesin di mobil dan Seterika. Melihat permasalahan di atas peneliti  merancang sebuah penelitian yang berjudul Rancang Bangun Switch Control Thermostat Pada Water Heater Kapasitas 10 Liter Dengan Daya 300 Watt menggunakan  energi  dari  sumber  listrik  220 AC.).
Ratio of Yeast Extract Administration on Induction in vitro planlet black orchid (Coelogyne pandurata lindl) From Kalimantan
Authors: Samsurianto  , Kusuma Ratna , Maulida Shafira Nur
Published: January 2023

Black Orchid (Coelogyne pandurata) is a flora from Kalimantan that has uniqueness and beauty on the tongue of its flowers. Plants multiply naturally, non-natural propagation has many obstacles, difficult crossing. Plant breeding efforts are required. Tissue culture techniques are expected to be carried out, several endogenous, exogenous factors and the addition of growth regulators (ZPT) are expected to be research efforts for the propagation of this orchid. Efforts to add yeast extract are expected to be a source of growth regulators, because yeast is rich in proteins, free amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, and complex vitamins. This study used the addition of Yeast Extract to the Induction of in Vitro Planlet Black Orchid ( Coelogyne pandurata Lindl) 0.5 g / l, 1 g / l and 1.5 g / l. test analysis using SPSS with Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test analysis, the results showed that the administration of yeast extract had a significant influence on the number of shoots and the number of roots. A concentration of 1 g/l has an influence on the number of shoots (4.33) and the number of leaves (8.00). A concentration of 1.5 g/l of yeast extract affects the number of roots (3.00).
Adaptabilidad y calidad fisicoquímica de cuatro híbridos de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) en sistema hidropónico en el municipio de Tomatlán, Ver.
Authors: Juárez Juárez María Antonieta Rocío , García Castillo Marali Anaid , Pérez Monjaras Anylu del Carmen , Dávila Lezama María del Rosario , López Garay Luz Anel
Published: January 2023

En este estudio se evaluaron cuatro cultivares de tomate tipo saladette de crecimiento indeterminado de la casa semillera. Se midieron variables agronómicas y fisicoquímicas. Con respecto al rendimiento se tuvo como resultado que el tratamiento T2 fue la variedad con mayor producción con 108,707.69 ton/ha. superando al resto, y como inferior el tratamiento T1 con 86,977.69 ton/ha. Para el tratamiento T1 Calafia F1 reportó para la variable textura apical con 233.25 mm y la ecuatorial con un valor de 193.49 mm, valor superior a las demás variedades, pero para la textura peduncular el T4 fue de 171.7 mm valor mayor a los demás tratamientos, así como para grosor de pericarpio con 6.8904 mm.

Para las variables pH y solidos solubles totales se encontró que la variedad Calafia F1 alcanzó los valores más altos, los que algunos autores enmarcan como garantía de buen sabor para todas.

Cabe mencionar que los frutos de las cuatro variedades se tuvieron en diferentes ambientes (refrigerados y a temperatura ambiente) como una variable más, de esto se resalta que el hecho de tenerlos bajo condiciones de frio hace que se mantenga el peso de los frutos por mayor tiempo, en consecuencia, el grosor de pericarpio y las demás pruebas de calidad favorecen a los frutos refrigerados.

Se concluye que la producción de tomate en hidroponía bajo condiciones de invernadero es una buena alternativa para los productores del municipio de Tomatlán, Ver., y la selección de las variedades dependerá de las necesidades del productor.
AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION ON EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY AND MATERNAL MORTALITY: A SIMULTANEOUS MODEL APPROACH FOCUSING ON NIGERIA
Authors: Enaruna Dubem Victor , Okene Anthony Jovwo
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The issue of exchange rate volatility and maternal mortality rate has rarely been considered in a single study by research scholars and economists over the years as very few, if any empirical studies have been carried out to explain the relationship between these two variables. Consequently, this study used an empirical examination to ascertain if there exists a relationship between exchange rate volatility and maternal mortality rate.Findings: The results indicated that exchange rate and maternal mortality rate both have negative impacts on each other which is statistically significant. Also, the female education enrolment reduces maternal mortality rate while the recurrent health expenditure causes it to rise, albeit not statistically significant.Contributions to theory, policy and practice: The study, therefore, recommends that the foreign exchange control policies must prioritize both foreign sector and domestic balance of the economy. The government should also focus on capital health expenditure as well as encouraging policies that will encourage female education enrolment in Nigeria.
Health Workers' Knowledge and Attitude Towards Healthcare Waste (HCW) Management in the Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia
Authors: Elekeh Rosemary Ichita , Igbokwe Uchanma Adeola , Uka-Kalu Ezinne Chioma
Published: January 2023

Purpose: To enhance the management of healthcare waste and prevent injuries and the spread of diseases, healthcare workers must have appropriate knowledge of sustainable Health Care Waste Management (HCWM) techniques. This study assessed the knowledge and the attitude of health professionals in the Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, towards Health Care Waste Management (HCWM).

Methodology: A structured questionnaire was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey of 319 participants, yielding 313 responses. 

Findings: From the result, it was deduced that the health workers’ knowledge of HCWM was satisfactory; 82.7% had knowledge of the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended standards on HCWM. However, the result also showed that 59.40% of the respondents had not received any training on HCWM in recent years. In terms of their attitude, their responses to questions suggest they have a positive mindset towards their role in HCWM. 85.90% of the health workers practised waste collection by utilizing colour-coded containers and plastic bags. The utilization of other segregation methods was measured, recording mean exceeding the acceptable mean score of 2.5 except for coloured-coded containers (2.08) and plastic bags (2.05). The practice of self-protection from risk was evaluated by determining respondents’ use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during waste handling. The recommended PPEs were always in use, excluding the safety goggles.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study calls for continuous supportive supervision and capacity building (training) among the health workers to ensure effective HCW practice and sustainability. The hospital administration needs to enforce strict biomedical waste management regulations.
Involvement of Men and Women and Poverty Reduction in Hunger Stricken Regions. A Critical Literature Review
Authors: Mwaniki Einsten Mwaniki
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Gender inclusiveness in poverty eradication has been constantly emphasized. The Beijing Platform for Action of 1995 made a commitment to ‘promote an active and visible policy of mainstreaming gender perspective in the monitoring and evaluation of all policies and programmes. The overall objective of this study was to examine involvement of men and women and poverty reduction in hunger stricken regions. A critical literature review

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Findings: The study concluded that the anti-poverty projects have had a positive effect on their lives as they have been able to get soft loans to cater for their needs and discipline required to save for future has been instilled in them. The projects have also helped to strengthen the members’ social ties and have enabled them to look after the less fortunate and vulnerable groups in the hunger stricken areas in the Sub-Saharan Africa.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study recommended that that the sponsors and the management of the projects should look for more ways of attracting the involvement of men in the projects since it seems they are apathetic to these income generating projects thus leaving it to women who form the bulk of the members. They should come up with men friendly strategies in order to pull more men to these poverty reduction initiatives and make them more representative and all inclusive. They should also strive to erase the notion that such empowerment projects as those in hunger stricken areas target women alone. Empowerment without addressing the burden of domestic chores on women may not achieve much in fighting poverty affecting them.
The contribution of voluntary savings and loan associations towards enhancing household food security in kole district, mid-north Uganda
Authors: Ogwal John Baptist , Obici Gilbert , Mwesigwa David
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The study examined the relationship between VSLA activities and household food security in Kole District. Specifically, the study examined the effect of VSLA on three aspects of household food security, namely availability, food access, and food stability.

Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional design, which employed a mixed methods approach combining both quantitative and qualitative methods. A target population of 252 respondents including district and sub-county officials, VSLA leaders, and VSLA members was used. Both simple-random sampling and purposive sampling were applied to select a sample size of 148 and data were collected using self-administered questionnaires, interview guide and focus group discussions. Data was largely presented using tables. Descriptive statistics (mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlation and regression) were used to analyse numerical data while Content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data.

Findings: The findings revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between activities of VSLA and household food security in the area of study. Also, VSLA activities yielded a significant effect on food availability (β=0.721, P<0.05), food accessibility (β=0.609, P<0.05) and food stability (β=0.761, P<0.05). It was decided that VSLA activities have a significant effect on household food security in Kole District, something that contributes to empirical-evidence of the association between VSLA activities and household food security.

Unique contribution of theory, practice and policy: For improved household food security, it is encouraged that Kole District Local Government should mobilise the local community to join VSLA groups so that they can access affordable capital with a view to increase their level of food production.
DETERMINANTS OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF CONSUMABLE PRODUCTS IN THE OIL INDUSTRY IN KENYA: A CASE OF VANOIL ENERGY LIMITED
Authors: Kimani Mungai Benjamin , Kihara Dr. Allan
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The study sought to examine the challenges faced in implementing effective supply chain management practices during the distribution of the consumable products in the oil industry in Kenya with reference to Vanoil Energy Limited. The study was to establish how warehousing capabilities, strategic supplier relationships, transportation planning and demand and supply forecasting affect distribution performance of the oil industry. To achieve this, the researcher reviewed both theoretical and empirical literature and proposed the research methodology that addressed the gaps identified in literature as well as answer the stipulated research questions.Methodology: This research study adopted a descriptive research design approach. The researcher prefers this method because it allows an in-depth study of the subject. A census was conducted where all the 70 staff in procurement department were issued with questionnaires. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. The data collected was analysed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. The quantitative data generated was keyed in and analysed by use of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 to generate information which will be presented using tables, charts, frequencies and percentages. Multiple regression models were used to show the relationship between the dependent variable and the four independent variables in this study.Results: The findings of the study indicated that warehousing capabilities, strategic supplier relationships, transport planning and demand and supply forecasting have a positive relationship with effective distribution of consumable products in the oil industry.Recommendations: Finally, the study recommended that companies in the oil industry should embrace supply chain management practices so as to improve distribution performance and further researches should to be carried out in other institutions to find out if the same results can be obtained.
INFLUENCE OF CONTRACT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON PERFORMANCE OF STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA
Authors: MWENDWA MICHAEL MWINZI , OCHIRI Dr. GEORGE
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The study helped unearth the influence of contract management practices on performance of state corporations in Kenya.Methodology: This study employed descriptive research design. The study reviewed both theoretical and empirical literature and then proposed the research methodology that addressed the gaps identified in literature as well as to validate the statistical hypotheses. The study preferred this method because it allows an in-depth study of the subject. The target population was all the 187 state corporations in Kenya. Questionnaires were administered to collect qualitative and quantitative data from a sample of 127 heads of procurement, who were selected using simple random sampling, from the four strata. After data collection, quantitative data was coded using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistical methods such as means, standard deviation, frequencies and percentage. Inferential analyses was used in relation to correlation analysis and regression analysis to test the relationship between the four explanatory variables and the explained variable.Results: The response rate of the study was 82%. The findings of the study indicated that administration strategy, monitoring and evaluation, stakeholder management and conflict management have a positive relationship with performance of state corporations in Kenya.Conclusion: Based on the study findings, the study concludes that performance of state corporations can be improved by administration strategy, monitoring and evaluation, stakeholder management and conflict management. First, in regard to administration strategy, the regression coefficients of the study show that it has a significant influence on performance of state corporations.Policy recommendation: the study recommended that public institutions should embrace contract management practices so as to improve performance and further researches should to be carried out in other public institutions to find out if the same results can be obtained.
END USER INVOLVEMENT AND SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE IN KENYAN UNIVERSITIES, A CASE OF CHUKA UNIVERSITY, KENYA.
Authors: Nzovila Rhodah , Mburugu Dr. Kirema Nkanata , Kirima Dr. Lucy Karimi
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The study sought to establish the effects of end user involvement in the supply chain performance of higher learning institutions in Kenya.Methodology: The study was conducted at Chuka University procurement department and user departments comprising of 64 respondents from user departments and procurement. The study employed cross-sectional research design. Structured questionnaires were used for data collection. In order to determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, pretesting of the research instruments was conducted. To establish the validity of the research instrument, content validity was used while internal consistency method was used to determine the reliability. Correlation analysis followed by multivariate regression analysis was conducted between the independent variables and the dependent variable.Results: Results showed strong statistical significance between supply chain performance and procurement planning. The study also established that there was a strong statistical significance between supply chain performance and specification preparation. It was also established that there was strong statistical significance between supply chain performance and monitoring and evaluation. Lastly, there was strong statistical significance between supply chain performance and inspection and receipt of goods. The findings also revealed that the four independent variables under study only contributed to 63.4% of the dependent variable’s outcome..Conclusion: The study concludes that procurement planning, specification preparation, monitoring and evaluation, and inspection and receipt of goods are good measures of the end user involvement in the effective performance of supply chain, but that more studies need to be done to unearth the hidden variables contributing to the remaining 36.6% factors/variables, in order to get a full picture of the impact of the end-users on supply chain performance. Contribution to policy and practice: Research institutes and scholars will gain vital insights from the study when they want to research further and lastly government together with all its agencies will also gain important information that will inform the policies they come up with in future
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNAL AUDITING IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN ZAMBIA
Authors: Mwanza Olivia , Kaira Benjamin
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This paper aims at examining factors that have an impact on internal audit effectiveness in the public sector. The objective of this study was to device a model that can be used in the public sector to enhance a sound internal auditing system that will boost financial accountability and quality audit work. The study focused on three independent variables such as management support for internal audit activity, organizational independence on the internal audit work, and the adequate of competent internal audit staff.

Methodology: In order to achieve this, a quantitative survey research design was chosen as the research paradigm underpinning the study using structured questionnaires as data collection tool to a sample of 172 respondents comprising of internal auditors and users of internal audit services who were systematically randomly sampled.

Results: The study findings revealed that both management support and organizational independence were low and that internal audit office of the sampled ministries and parastatals had low technical staff proficiency which limited its capacity to provide effective service. In line with the findings, the study recommended that: (i) the management should appreciate the role of IA by providing the necessary resources and trainings. (ii) Government should ensure that the independence of IA is guaranteed for them to work without fear or interference. (iii) Government should recruit and retain Internal Audit candidates based on their qualifications, experience, training attained and certification by the IIA. The research is limited with the issue of generalizability on other settings; therefore, a similar study can be conducted in the private sector using a mixed method approach.
TRANSPARENCY: A GUIDE TO PRACTICING GOOD BUSINESS ETHICS IN NIGERIA
Authors: EZEILO Louis Nwabueze
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This paper examines the relevance of transparency as a guide to practicing good business ethics in Nigerian business environment. It attempts to recognize and identify the role of transparency as a guide to ethics in contemporary business organizations in Nigeria. This is necessitated by the high level of corruption and relevance of business ethics to development in the country. It is, therefore, argued that if businesses are conducted ethically by genuinely embracing transparency, it would create value in the country’s corporate and business environment.

Methodology: The paper adopts an eclectic approach by integrating ideas from different perspectives and organizing them systematically in accordance with the foregoing objective while situating Nigeria as the context of the study. Theoretical and empirical reviews are explored to justify the thematic findings and conclusion of the paper.

Findings: The paper reveals that implementation of transparency would serve as the right guide for the practice of good business ethics. It was found as an informational mechanism necessary for trust, justice, and prudence. Transparency is also found as important to businesses because of its huge benefits such as capable of establishing trustand encouraging employees to be more engaged and committed to the vision of the organization, increasing productivity, and strengthening innovation.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Theoretically, paper indicates that if a culture of work transparency is adopted, it is most likely to motivate innovation accountability within a business organization. Practically, transparency will make it possible for company to collectively solve problems beforehand and initiate new ideas in order to have a competitive advantage in the business world. The paper suggests transparency as a priority for the practice of good business ethics in Nigeria and concludes with relevant recommendations.
DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF HIGHLY PRESTRESSED ORTHOTROPIC RECTANGULAR PLATE UNDER A CONCENTRATED MOVING MASS
Authors: Tolorunshagba J. M , Oni S. T
Published: January 2023

In this paper the dynamic response to concentrated moving masses of highly prestressed orthotropic rectangular plate-structure is examined. When the ratio of the bending rigidity to the in-plane loading is small, a small parameter multiplies the highest derivatives in the equation governing the motion of the plate under the action of moving masses. Such vibrational problems defile conventional methods of solution. An approach suitable for the solution of this type of problem is the singular perturbation. To this end, a choice is made of the method of matched asymptotic expansions (MMAE) among others. The application of the singular perturbation scheme in conjunction with the finite Fourier sine transform produces two different but complementary approximations to the solution for small parameter - one being valid in the region where the other fails. One is valid away from the boundary called the outer solution while the other is valid near and at the boundary called the inner solution. Thereof, the Van Dyke asymptotic matching principle which produces the unknown integration constants in the outer and inner expansions is applied. Thereafter, the inverse Laplace transformation of the obtained results is carried out using the Cauchy residue theorem. This process produces the leading order solution, and the first order correction, to the uniformly valid solution of the plate dynamical problem. The addition of the two results above produces the sought uniformly valid solution in the entire domain of definition of the plate problem. Similarly, the resonant states and the corresponding critical speeds are obtained. The analysis of this result is then shown in plotted curves. Graphical interpretation of the results show that the critical speeds at the respective resonant states increase as the value of prestress increase thus the risk of resonance is remote as prestress is increased for any choice of value of rotatory inertia correction factor. Also, lower values of rotatory inertia show variation in the value of critical speed hence the possibility of resonance. Similarly, the critical speed increases with shear modulus for various values of prestress. However, as the value of shear modulus increases, critical speed approaches more or less constant value. Thus, a design incorporating high value of shear modulus is more stable and reliable. The critical speed increases with material orthotropy for lower values of rotatory inertia correction factor.
DETERMINATION OF TERRESTRIAL RADIATION LEVEL OF OBITE, RIVERS STATE
Authors: Chikaike Eugene , Kamara Briggs , Ari Tamunobereton
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The perceived implication of increase in background radiation level of Obite Community due to inputs of hydrocarbon leakages and its emissions, lead to this research work, which investigated the background ionizing radiation levels of the area. 

Methodology: An in-situ background ionizing radiation measurement was carried out using radiation meter (Digilert 200) at an elevation of 1.0m above ground level with a Global Positioning System (G.P.S) for geographical location. 

Results: The background ionizing radiation (BIR) results obtained, varies from 0.007 to 0.024 (mR/hr) with a mean value of 0.013 (mR/hr).  The values of Absorbed Dose Rate ranges from 60.9 to 208.0 nGy/hr with a mean value of 115.10±0.003 nGy/hr, which is higher than the recommended safe limit of 84.0 nGy/hr (UNCEAR, 2018).  The Annual Effective Dose Equivalent (AEDE) varies from 0.009 to 0.38 mSv/yr with mean of 0.198 mSv/yr, is lower than the safe limit of 1.0 mSv/yr stipulated by ICRP (2003) and WHO (2008).  The Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) values ranges from 0.32 to 0.09 x 101 with a mean of 0.062 x 10-1, is higher than the ICRP standard of 0.29 x 10-3 (ICRP, 2003).

Conclusions: These results indicate an increase in cancer risk for individuals within the study area.  The results were also summarized using the contour map to show various areas of high radiation distributions with interpretation of variability in concentration, in relation to geographical locations within the study area.
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activity of Piperine Extract and Essential Oil of Piper nigrum Leaves
Authors: OJO Olabimpe Iyabode , Chukwuma Ezenwa Valentine , Ezeike A.C , Adedayo Adedayo
Published: January 2023

Phytochemical and antimicrobial activities of the Piperine extract and essential oil extract from Piper nigrum leaves were evaluated. The phytochemicals were determined using Harborn standard qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. The antimicrobial assay was carried out using agar well diffusion method and the test organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp, E. coli and Aspergillus spp. The study revealed that the flavonoid, tannin, saponin, glycosides, phenol, and alkaloids content  of Piperine extract of Piper nigrum are as follows 1.1 % ± 0.1, 71.58 mg/l ±0.1, 1.4 % ± 0.4, 4.7 % ± 0.03, 7.59 mg ± 0.1 and 1.5 % ± 0.3 respectively. The antimicrobial assay of Piperine extract showed zones of inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella spp, E. coli  and Aspergillus spp  are as follows: 18.0 mm, 19.0 mm, 21.0 mm and 18.0 mm respectively. While zone of inhibition for the essential oil for Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp, E. coli and Aspergillus spp  are as follows:  33.0 mm, 40.0 mm, 47.0 mm and 8.0 mm respectively. The result obtained from this study shows that essential oil has more zone of inhibition than Piperine extract leaves and this indicates that essential oil can be more effective in the treatment of disease caused by all these organisms.
Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation-Based Identification of Natural Inhibitors against Druggable Human Papilloma Virus Type 16 Target
Authors: Hidayatullah Arief , Putra Wira Eka , Sustiprijatno Sustiprijatno , Widiastuti Diana , Salma Wa Ode , Heikal Muhammad Fikri
Published: January 2023

The E5 protein is the smallest known oncoprotein linked to HPV 16 cancer development. In this study, we determined the potential of asarinin and thiazolo as an inhibitor of the E5 protein through molecular dynamics. The results showed that the binding site is unstable because of its hydrophobic nature and small size, causing considerable changes in the binding site for each of the 3 drugs examined. Except for asarinin, which still interacts with the first hydrophobic domain, they preserved their capacity to prevent endosomal acidification, hyper amplification of the EGFR pathway and contact with BAP31. It may inhibit E5-MHC I interaction. Thiazolo[3,2-a]benzymidazole-3(2H)-one,2-(2-fluorobenzylideno)-7,8-dimethyl (thiazolo) is expected to form more stable protein-ligand complexes than the other 2. However, the SASA, hydrogen bond and DCCM plots show that both compounds are equivalent to HPV 16 E5 protein.
HIGHLIGHTS

The smallest known oncoprotein associated with cancer development as a result of HPV 16 infection is the E5 protein
The SASA, hydrogen bond, and DCCM plots, on the other hand, show that asarinin and thiazolo are equivalent to the HPV 16 E5 protein
Thiazolo is predicted to produce more stable protein-ligand complexes than the others because of its unique molecular dynamic properties

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Effect of Anthropogenic Type and Depth on Microplastic Abundance in Mahakam River Water, Samarinda City
Authors: Meicahayanti Ika , Sari Putri Intan Permata , Nugroho Searphin , Rahayu Dwi Ermawati , Ibrahim Ibrahim
Published: January 2023

Mahakam is the second longest river in Indonesia and it functions as a source of raw water for drinking and other essential activities for the Samarinda people. Furthermore activities in the watershed generate solid waste such as plastic, which enters the waters and is potentially degraded into microplastics. There is a possibility that the presence of microplastics is affected by anthropogenic types along the river. Therefore, this research aims to determine the effect of anthropogenic type and river depth on the microplastic abundance in the Mahakam River. The samples were taken using an integrated approach at 3 depths, namely 0.5, 1, and 1.5 m, in 2 locations with different anthropogenic types. The sampling points include Kampung Tenun and Bukuan Villages, which represented densely populated and non-populated areas, respectively. The water collected was prepared with the following steps, which include filtration with 180 μm nylon, elimination of organic matter, density separator, and final filtration. Microplastic samples were identified based on the type, color, size, and type of polymer using a microscope and FTIR. The results show that there are 3 types of microplastics, 4 colors, and 5 size categories dominated by fiber type, black, and the smallest size, respectively. There are differences in abundance in Kampung Tenun and Bukuan Villages, namely 91 particles/L and 71 particles/L, indicating the effect of the anthropogenic type. Sampling depth also affects abundance, hence, the greater the depth, the lower the abundance value. It was also discovered that anthropogenic type and depth factors influence the identified polymer types. Nylon and nitrile polymer types were found at 2 locations and 3 sampling depths, but PVC, PETE, and PS were only found at certain locations. Furthermore, Bukuan Village, with a greater environmental factor value, has a smaller abundance than Kampung Tenun Village.
HIGHLIGHTS

Anthropogenic types affect the microplastic abundance in Mahakam River water
Sampling depth affects the microplastic abundance in Mahakam River water
Microplastics are found in Mahakam River water in 3 forms, 4 colors, and 5 types of polymers, with a size range of 180 - 5000 µm
Environmental factors affect the microplastic abundance in Mahakam River water

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Phytochemical Compositions, Nutritional Contents, Cytotoxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Different Extracts from Spirogyra neglecta (Hassall) Kützing
Authors: Yongkhamcha Butsara , Buddhakala Nopparat
Published: January 2023

Spirogyra neglecta (Hassall) Kützing is an edible freshwater macroalga. It is available and consumed as local food in Thailand, especially in the northern and northeastern parts. To ascertain its good benefit for health and safe for consumption, this study was, therefore carried out to determine the phytochemical compositions, nutritional contents, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory activity of the different extracts from S. neglecta. The extracts were prepared by using different solvents, such as propylene glycol, methanol, and ethanol solutions. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 30, 39 and 36 phytochemical compounds in propylene glycol, methanol, and ethanol extracts, respectively. Phytol, which has been reported to have anti-inflammatory activity, was one of the predominant compositions in the extracts. The extracts contained high nutritional contents of protein, lipid, fiber, ash, moisture, and carbohydrate up to 21.68 ± 4.52, 3.53 ± 0.23, 14.77 ± 0.89, 10.73 ± 0.47, 9.79 ± 0.11 and 47.36 ± 3.89 %, respectively. The highest total protein was found in propylene glycol extract. The highest total lipid was in ethanol extract. Meanwhile, the highest fiber, ash and total carbohydrate were in methanol extract. In addition, all the extracts possess relatively low cytotoxicity, with IC50 values greater than 1,000 µg/mL. The extracts 1,000 µg/mL exhibited anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition Nitric oxide (NO) production by 29.87 ± 1.56 to 55.17 ± 1.91 %. The propylene glycol extracts from S. neglecta showed the highest inhibitory activity on NO production compared to others.
The overall results indicating the propylene glycol is the solvent that produces the best extraction performance.  The extracts from S. neglecta exhibit anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NO production.  The phytochemical compositions are partly responsible for anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts. The high nutritional contents complement relatively low toxic. Thus, S. neglecta can be used as benefit natural sources for food products, supplements, and medicinal plants.
HIGHLIGHTS

Using GC-MS analysis, there are 30, 39 and 36 phytochemical compounds in propylene glycol, methanol and ethanol extracts from Spirogyra neglecta, respectively
The extracts from neglecta possess high nutritional contents of protein, lipid, fiber, ash, moisture, and carbohydrate
The extracts from neglecta show relatively low toxic to the RAW 246.7 cells with LC50 >1,000 µg/mL, by MTT assay
The extracts from neglecta exhibit anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of NO production. The propylene glycol extract displays the highest activity compared to others
The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts is partially from Phytol

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT