bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apicultural Knowledge for Ecological Sustainability, Food Security and Economic Empowerment
Authors: M Huho Julius , Ng'ang'a Irura , Macharia Kevin , Njeri Mburu Lavender
Published: June 2024

Kajiado County, located in Kenya, faces interconnected challenges of ecological sustainability, food security, and economic empowerment. Amidst these challenges, beekeeping has emerged as a promising solution with the potential to address these multifaceted issues. This study examined the apiculture knowledge in Kajiado County, Kenya, for ecological sustainability, food security, and economic empowerment. The research utilized a mixed-method approach to collect data from beekeepers. The data collection methods used were observations, interviews, and focus group discussions. Data was analyzed using summary statistics and presented in the form of percentages and descriptions. The study revealed that the main motivation for beekeeping for all farmers was honey production while 30% kept bees for cultural practices and medicinal purposes. Beekeepers faced a myriad of challenges which ranged from negative attitudes towards beekeeping by young people at 10% to dry climatic conditions at 100%. Other major challenges included swarming of bees at 75% and attacks by pests and rodents at 83%. These problems were solved by providing water to the bees which was practiced by 100% of the beekeepers, removal of pests manually at 75%, and use of special indigenous trees to make hives with cooler temperatures. As an alternative source of livelihood in the ASALs being championed by the County governments since it is less affected by the adverse effects of climate change, the uptake of apicultural practices is still low in Kajiado largely due to a strong attachment to pastoralism. The apicultural practices in Kajiado County are largely small-scale and traditional with insignificant modernization. However, its practice has led to the management and conservation of some shrubs and trees, hence biodiversity conservation. The study recommends that traditional beekeepers be supported through the provision of relevant knowledge of beekeeping and modern equipment in order to increase both the quantity and quality of honey production for enhanced food security, economic empowerment and ecological sustainability.
Escola e Mudança
Authors: Correa Dulcelena Stéfani
Published: June 2024

O trabalho aponta diferentes maneiras de se produzirem mudanças deliberadas nas escolas e reconhece que, embora haja muita resistência dos educadores em seguir modelos preestabelecidos e impostos de forma autoritária, as escolas mudam, mesmo que sejam mudanças de pequena amplitude e, algumas vezes, decorrentes de alterações na estrutura da organização escolar. Este é um processo conflituoso frente à organização burocrática que caracteriza as instituições escolares.
Gravidez na adolescência
Authors: Luiz Lindomar Teixeira , Borguetti Célia Regina Moura
Published: June 2024

Pretendemos, no presente artigo, refletir sobre algumas possíveis causas e conseqüências da gravidez na adolescência. Nesse sentido, procuramos abordar as principais características do comportamento do adolescente e de seu estilo de vida, objetivando articulá-Ios a determinadas condutas que viabilizam a existência da gravidez precoce. Ademais, analisamos alguns fatores sócio-econômico-culturais que contribuem para o expressivo aumento de adolescentes grávidas em nossa sociedade
Informática e profissionais de saúde
Authors: Moreno João Rooberto Sartori
Published: June 2024

Embora, atualmente, a globalização tenha contaminado as diversas áreas profissionais, obrigando-os a se aplicarem em paralelo com os avanços tecnológicos, percebemos que não são todos e nem com todos os recursos que observamos nesta investigação especialmente, que tais profissionais da área de saúde se envolvem plenamente com a informática. Este trabalho se baseou num levantamento de dados estatísticos sobre a aplicação dos profissionais da saúde com a informática. Foram investigados 1200 profissionais da área de saúde, observando-se a influência da informática, o acesso a ela, seu domínio e a importância em saber utilizar os computadores e as ferramentas de acesso a Internet e os recursos de análise e planilhamento eletrônico. Portanto, este estudo mostrou que mais de 85% dos profissionais de saúde analisam como positiva a utilização de computadores e Internet, dos quais também mais de 82% possuem acesso mais inteIÍsivo na sua casa. Por outro lado, existe uma cômoda estagnação dos mesmos em só se aplicarem no domínio de editor de texto, E-mail e Web, pouco se envolvendo com ferramentas de análise e manipulação de dados, pois os indicadores mostram que, tem-se uma média de 2.27, para os programas de comunicação contra 1.61, para os programas de análise e manipulação de dados, uma diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<.05 no teste Mann- Whitney U). Com isso, conclui-se que tais profissionais se utilizam e acreditam bem no computador e na Internet, que lhes permitem vantagens pessoais e comerciais. Todavia, não se envolvem com p1anilhamentos eletrônicos e pacotes estatísticos de dados, importantes para a inferência estatística.
Avaliação de Intpactos Antbientais
Authors: Silva Jodir Pereira da , Mello Rogério Menezes de , Buchala Rogério
Published: June 2024

Desde os anos 60, assistimos a institucionalização de medidas governamentais voltadas à preservação ambiental. Foi a partir da década de 80 que medidas realmente sólidas tomaram formas de instrumentos para a gestão ambiental, como a Lei 6.938/81, que prevê a Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais- AIA entre outros. Com a Constituição Federal de 1988 é que as exigências desses estudos e avaliações tiveram sua obrigatoriedade promulgada pela primeira vez numa constituição federal. Desenvolveu-se métodos diferenciados e complexos para essas análises e estudos, sempre com o intuito de favorecer a tomada de decisão relacionadas aos novos empreendimentos.
Força de Tração na barra de mecanismos sulcadores de semeadoras-adubadoras de plantio direto
Authors: Seki André Satoshi , Rodrigues José Guilherme Lança , Silva Paulo Robert oArbex , Benez Sérgio Hugo , Buchala Rogério , Mello Rogério Menezes de
Published: June 2024

Com O objetivo de avaliar a demanda energética de mecanismos sulcadores tipo haste e disco duplo, de uma semeadora-adubadora de plantio direto, em diferentes profundidades e espaçamentos entre linhas da cultura do milho (Zea mays L.), instalou-se um experimento de campo com delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições e seis tratamentos. Os resultados permitem concluir que o desempenho dos sulcadores foi diferenciado quanto à profundidade de trabalho e ° espaçamento entre as hastes. Quanto maior a profundidade de trabalho da haste, maior a força requerida na barra de tração, a força máxima e a força por linha de semeadura. O mecanismo sulcador tipo haste requer maior força que o disco duplo, com um aumento médio de 97,4 %.
IZAZOVI ODRASTANJA DJECE U DIGITALNOM VREMENU
Authors: Marić Tatjana , Jorgić Draženko
Published: June 2024

Rad ukazuje na izazove odrastanja djece u digitalnom vremenu koje nudi brojne pozitivne mogućnosti, ali i opasnosti vezane za njihov zdrav razvoj. Cilj rada je ukazati kako savremeni mediji utiču na vaspitanje i oblikuju razliĉite dimenzije ţivota djece i adolescenata, njihov identitet i odnose s roditeljima i vršnjacima. U radu se kroz teorijsku analizu i rezultate istraţivanja daje odgovor na tri grupe pitanja: Koji su izazovi odrastanja djece u digitalnom vremenu? Kakav je uticaj digitalnih tehnologija na porodicu? Kakav je odnos roditeljstva i digitalnog učenja? Polazeći od toga da su ključni zadaci odrastanja razvoj identiteta, autonomije i intimnosti, odnosno stvaranje prijateljstava i odnosa, sugeriše se potreba analiza uticaja moderne tehnologije na sve navedene aspekte. U radu su saţete spoznaje o tome kako moderni mediji oblikuju razliĉite dimenzije ţivota djece i adolescenata, pritom uvažavajući njihove mogućnosti i prednosti. Digitalni život može podržavati ili ometati razvoj identiteta. Na osnovu teorijske analize i rezultata istraživanja su razmatrani uticaji medija na kvalitet odnosa s vršnjacima, te ukazano i na negativne pojave (internet zavisnost, cyberbullying). Uz odnose su analizirani i drugi konstrakti kako koristiti prednosti koje nude mediji i smanjiti loše vaspitne uticaje, te kako roditelji mogu pomoći djeci da se uspješnije nose sa izazovima digitalnog vremena. Rezultati istraživanja impliciraju važnost obezbjeđivanja podrške roditeljima dok poduzimaju korake prema ostvarenju vizija za svoju djecu u digitalnom vremenu.
SISTEM IZVRŠENJA KRIVIĈNIH SANKCIJA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI – STANJE I PERSPEKTIVA
Authors: Mrković Danilo
Published: June 2024

Reformom sistema pravosuĊa u Bosni i Hercegovini stanje u penitensijarnim ustanovama u BiH ja daleko bolje nego ranije. Ta poboljšanja se prije svega ogledaju u poboljšanju uslova izdrţavanja zatvorske kazne. Prebukiranost zavoda više nije najveći problem jer zbog migracija i odliva stanovništva, pandemije virusa korona, nedostatka radne snage i lakšeg dolaska do posla i broj osuĊenih lica je u opadanju te je trenutna situacija u svim kazneno popravnim zavodima u pogledu kapaciteta zadovoljavajuća. Ipak da bi penitensijarni sistem bio što efikasniji neophodno je posvetiti mnogo više paţnje procesu resocijalizacije osuĊenih lica, kako bi se i stopa recidivizma smanjila.
STRUKTURALNE KARAKTERISTIKE ADOLESCENTNE KRIZE U SRBIJI I CRNOJ GORI
Authors: Đuknović Borislav , Maksimović Ana , Kržalić Dijana
Published: June 2024

U ovom istraţivanju na uzorku od 2705 adolescenata iz Srbije i 1123 iz Crne Gore nastojali smo da ispitamo strukturu skale emocionalnih poremećaja adolescenata. Skala emocionalnih poremećaja adolescenata sastoji se od 18 tvrdnji sa odgovorima na petostepenoj Likertovoj skali. Skala je podvrgnuta faktorskoj analizi sa Warimax rotacijom. Na prvom faktoru sa visokim saturacijama izdvojili su se ajtemi koji opisuju anksioznost, nisko samopoštovanje i suicidalne ideje zbog osjećaja emocionalne odbaĉenosti i zanemarivanja roditelja. Zato smo ovaj prvi faktor nazvali faktorom depresivno-neurotiĉnih reagovanja adolescenata/adolescentkinja zbog roditeljskog nerazumevanja. Drugi faktor opisuje ambivalentni odnos adolecenata prema školi i uĉenju. Treći faktor, u kome dominiraju zloupotreba psihoaktivnih supstanci, suicidalne ideje i emocionalno odbacivanje adolescenata/adolescentkinja nazvali smo faktorom devijantnog ponašanja adolescenata/adolescentkinja. Rezultati istraţivanja diskutovani su u kontekstu odnosa izmeĊu autonomije, sazrijevanja i sukoba adolescenata/adolescentkinja sa roditeljima. U tom pogledu ukazano je i na razlike izmeĊu Srbije i Crne Gore.
OBRAZOVANJE I RESOCIJALIZACIJA OSUĐENIH LICA
Authors: Macanović Nebojša
Published: June 2024

Obrazovanje je jedan od najvaţnijih faktora resocijalizacije osuĊenih lica i sastavni dio institucionalnog prevaspitnog tretmana. MeĊutim, nizak stepen obrazovanja osuĊenih lica, njihova nezainteresovanost za završetak zapoĉetog školovanja ili prekvalifikaciju oteţava i samu resocijalizaciju. Obrazovanje kao jedan od vaţnih segmenata prevaspitnog tretmana je zapostavljeno u većini kazneno – popravnih ustanova. Razlog ovakvog stanja je i refleksija situacije u društvu i krize sistema vrijednosti. U ovom radu prikazaćemo strukturu nivoa obrazovanja osuĊenih lica u kazneno – popravnim ustanovama u Republici Srpskoj, te ukazati koliko neformalno uĉenje u toku izdrţavanje zatvorske kazne moţe uticati da se proces obrazovanja unaprijedi u okviru prevaspitnog tretmana i efikasno utiĉe i na cjelokupni proces njihove resocijalizacije.
POVEZANOST TJELESNE KOMPOZICIJE I RIZIKA POREMEĆAJA ISHRANE KOD MLADIH STUDENTICA
Authors: Pilipović Spasojević Olivera , Laštro Dijana , Spasojević Nikolina
Published: June 2024

Ţivotni stil mladih studentica je u stalnoj adaptaciji sa tehnološkom evolucijom. Napredne tehnologije omogućavaju dostupnost raznim informacijama koje mogu pozitivno ali I negativno uticati na ţivotne navike a samim tim i na zdravlje mlade ţene. Poremećaj ishrane oznaĉavaju nezdrave navike u hranjenju i/ili ponašanju u ishrani i odrţanju tjelesne teţine. Prema klasifikacije poremećaj ishrane je zasnovan na vidljivim posljedicama, kao što su ekstremna mršavost ili gojaznost. Poseban momenat u poremećaju ishrane bazira se na današnjem “standardu ljepote” uz pretjeranu mršavost. Nezadovoljne svojim izgledom, ţene ĉine velike napore da bi intenzivnim veţbanjem i/ili dijetama dostigle svoj ideal. Cilj je utvrditi da li postoji znaĉajna korelacija nivoa tjelesne kompozicije sa poremećajem ishrane: oĉekuje se da je indeks tjelesne mase (BMI) u direktnoj vezi sa poremećajem ishrane. Metodologija : Epidemiološko opservaciono analitiĉko istraţivanje obuhvatilo je reprezentativan uzorak od 408 zdravih studentica starosti od 19 do 22 godine. Za testiranje smo koristili sociodemografski upitnik, indeks tjelesne mase (BMI) sa nivoom visceralne masti, procenta mišićne mase i procentom masnog tkiva te standardizirani test EAT-26 za procjenu rizika poremećaja ishrane. Rezultat: Uzorak ĉine studentice prosjeĉne starosti 20,5 godina I normalnih vrijednost BMI 22.1+/- 3,2. Finalni skora testa EAT-26, -pokazao je i da rizik od poremećaja ishrane ima 16,7% djevojaka.Stepenovanom statistiĉkom metodom utvrĊujemo da parametri tjelesne kompozicije nisu pouzdan pokazatelj postojanja poremećaja ishrane te da EAT-26 nema pouzdanu i prihvatljivu vrijednost kao samostalan test za procjenu riziko faktora kroz razliĉite stavove i odstupajuća ponašanja u ishrani. Stoga, za detekciju, praćenje i preventivno djelovanje potrebno je sprovoditi redovne sistematske preglede meĊu studentskom populacijom.
SVUGDJE, SVE I SVATKO U PREVENCIJI OVISNOSTI
Authors: Gracin Boris , Romac Danica , Ćavar Zrinka
Published: June 2024

Upotreba droga visoko je zastupljena u Europskoj uniji, oko 83,4 milijuna (29%) osoba je konzumiralo droge u prošloj godini, od ĉega više muškaraca (50,5 milijuna) te najĉešće kanabis (oko 22 milijuna) i psihostimulanse (oko 8,1 milijuna, od toga 3,5 milijuna kokain, 2,6 milijuna MDMA – u te 2 milijuna amfetamin). S obzirom na sloţenost i raširenost problema ovisnosti te mobilnost populacije unutar Europske Unije (EU), vaţno je pratiti zdravstvene pokazatelje i usporeĊivati drţave s ciljem boljeg razumijevanja dinamike uporabe droga te što djelotvornijih mjera za smanjenje štetnih posljedica koje zahvaćaju sve segmente društva. Cilj i metode: Procijeniti rizik novih izazova u podruĉju ovisnosti usporedbom zdravstvenih pokazatelja Sluţbe za mentalno zdravlje i prevenciju ovisnosti (SMZPO) Nastavnog zavoda za javno zdravstvo dr Andrija Štampar (NZJZ) i podataka za drţave EU-a za 2022. Rezultati: Zapaţen je blagi pad ukupnog broja osoba u lijeĉenju, najveći udio njih u lijeĉenju je zbog opijata, uz pad broja novih i stabilan broj prethodno lijeĉenih osoba, koje su sve starije (70% dobi 45 – 54 godine) i lošijeg zdravlja (kod 50% psihiĉki i/ili somatski komorbiditet), što je sliĉno drţavama EU. Obzirom na indikatore oporavka zapaţamo dobru retenciju, pad injiciranja droga i stabilnu nisku incidenciju HCV i HIV-a te zaposlenost, što je razliĉito u odnosu na drţave EU. U drţavama EU i Gradu Zagrebu istraţivanja ukazuju na porast upotrebe kanabinoida i psihostimulansa što prati porast zahtjeva za lijeĉenjem zbog psihostimulansa, ali ne i kanabinoida. Zapaţamo kako nadleţne institucije od pandemije Covid -19 rjeĊe upućuju osobe u tretman zbog uporabe droga.
SUDSKA INDIVIDUALIZACIJA KRIVIČNE SANKCIJE – UPUĆIVANJE U ODGOJNI CENTAR PRI NJENOM IZVRŠENJU, STUDIJA SLUČAJA
Authors: Pleh Vildana , Hadžić Ismira
Published: June 2024

Posmatrajući historiju razvoja maloljetniĉkog prijestupništva, vidljivo je da se ono javlja u svim zemljama bez obzira na društvena ureĊenja. Razlika, meĊutim, postoji u nizu faktora koji opredjeljuju borbu protiv maloljetniĉkog prijestupništva, od kojih je jedan od znaĉajnijih utjecaj pojedinih subjekata maloljetniĉkog pravosuĊa na odabir, trajanje i proces izvršenja reakcije, mjere ili sankcije prema maloljetnom poĉiniocu kriviĉnog djela. Sud kao poseban autoritet ima i veoma znaĉajnu ulogu pri primjeni i izvršenju kriviĉnih sankcija,mnaroĉito kriviĉnih sankcija institucionalnog tretmana. Svojim odlukama mijenja “sudbinu” i tok izvršenja izreĉenih sankcija, a samim tim i samog maloljetnika. Autorice se u ovom radu bave ulogama suda pri izvršenju sankcija institucionalnog tretmana, posebno se osvrćući na meritornu ulogu suda pri izvršenju kriviĉne sankcije - upućivanje u odgojni centar. Izvršenje ove odgojne mjere, prava i duţnosti subjekata u tom procesu te uloge sudija za maloljetnike pri individualizaciji odgojnih mjera maloljetniku, sudska individualizacija, bit će prikazani kroz konkretne primjere, analizirajući pritom studij sluĉaj iz prakse KJU „Odgojni centar Kantona Sarajevo“. Treba se naglasiti da pri sudskoj individualizaciji sankcioniranje ima kao cilj resocijalizaciju maloljetnika, što podrazumijeva multidisciplinarni pristup te adekvatnu primjenu pravnog, pedagoškog, psihološkog i socijalnog pristupa u radu sa maloljetnim prijestupnicima.
OBRAZOVANJE UNIVERZALNO LJUDSKO PRAVO IZ UGLA PRAVNIH NAUKA
Authors: Jašarević Osman
Published: June 2024

Ĉlanak se bavi nekim osnovnim dilemama i pitanjima koja propisuju ĉl.25 i 26. Univerzalne deklaracije o ljudskim pravima. Kako se provode ova prava na nacionalnom i svjetskom nivou. Univerzalna deklaracija razmatra izmeĊu ostalog, dva univerzalna ljudska prava – pravo na zdravlje (ĉl.25), i pravo na obrazovanje (ĉl. 26). Pravo na obrazovanje stavlja akcenat na edukaciju u smislu novijeg i produktivnijeg naĉina obrazovanja i dobivanja znanja, da svako ima pravo na obrazovanje a da obrazovanje bude besplatno bar u srednjim, osnovnim i niţim školama. Kako se u novije vrijeme razvija nauka, tehnika i elektronika, IT-i, obrazovanje treba da bude dostupno svim generacijskim nivoima, prema njihovim sposobnostima u smislu razvijanja ljudske liĉnosti kroz poštivanje ljudskih prava i osnovnih sloboda. Obrazovanjem se stiĉe znanje kojim se unaprjeĊuje meĊusobno razumijevanje i druge karakterne osobine-crte liĉnosti ĉime se utemeljuje prijateljstvo meĊu svim narodima, rasama i vjerskim grupacijama, a kroz to i poslovnost i djelatnost Ujedinjenih nacija za odrţavanje mira. Vaţno je prouĉiti i praktiĉno provjeriti koje edukativne i obrazovne inovacije, sa aspekta nauke, tehnike i elektronike, IT-i, zasluţuju ove i buduće generacije. Prouĉiti koji su to pravni aspekti i obrazovno dualni principi koji osiguravaju provoĊenje ovih univerzalnih prava društva. Na taj naĉin se kod studenata razvijaju dualne sposobnosti za teorijsku i struĉnu analizu pojmova i instituta koji se odnose na vrste i stadije kriviĉnog postupka. Teorija i praksa u dualnom smislu daju veliki doprinos nauci i praksi kriviĉnog materijalnog, procesnog i izvršnog prava i kriminalistike, kroz implementaciju pripremljene i provedene pravne klinike.
СЛОБОДА МЕДИЈА И УНИВЕРЗАЛНА ЉУДСКА ПРАВА
Authors: Kuprešanin Vukelić Anđela
Published: June 2024

У домену медија посебно су значајна универзална људска права која подразумијавају право на слободу мишљења и изражавања, као и то да свако има право да тражи, прима и шири информације и идеје било којим средствима, укључујући и средства јавног информисања, и без обзира на границе. Универзална декларација о људским правима један је од незаобилазних међународних докуманата у контексту регулисања сфере медија, тј. усклађивања националне медијске (само)регулативе са овим документом. Полазећи од тога у фокусу овог рада јесте анализа националне медијске регулативе на нивоу Босне и Херцеговине и Републике Српске у односу на Универзалну декларацију о људским правима и испитивање нивоа поштовања принципа слободе у раду професионалних комуникатора, укључујући и принципе који представљају примарне индикаторе нивоа његовог уважавања, као што су принципи истинитости, објективности и правде. Циљеви рада усмјерени су на утврђивање нормативног контекста и стварног стања у новинарској пракси у Босни и Херцеговини и Републици Српској у погледу поштовања принципа слободе, као неопходним предусловом за професионално дјеловање медија, тј. дјеловање у интересу јавности. Професионални и слободни медији представљају у савременом друштву значајану претпоставку за остваривање људских права, јер као доминантни извори информација медији подразумијевају бројне функције које у зависности од нивоа њихове слободе и професионализма могу бити друштвено корисне, с једне стране, или проблематичне у контексту доприноса друштвеним вриједностима и интересима, с друге стране. Сходно предмету и постављеним циљевима, истраживање се у раду заснива на примјени три истраживачке технике: тематској анализи националног регулаторног и саморегулаторног оквира релевантног за остваривање слободе медија, анкетном упитнику и интервјуу.
IZOSTAVLJANJE ULOGE I DOPRINOSA “ŽENE” NA OBRAZOVNOM POLJU U HISTORIJI BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
Authors: Mulaomerović Zakira
Published: June 2024

Glavni cilj ovog rada je iznijeti neke nove informacije o trenutnoj situaciji u obrazovnom sustavu u BiH. Na temelju univerzalnih prava u obrazovanju, pokušali smo objasniti zašto dati pravo „pravim“ ţenama koje su ţivjele i radile u prošlosti a danas je njihov poloţaj marginaliziran. Zašto se stoljećima skrivala vrijednost ţene vrlo je sloţeno pitanje i na njega je teško odgovoriti?! Kratkim pregledom udţbenika za povijest i udţbenika zaviĉajnog jezika vidljivo je da su se izbjegavala ţenska imena i njihova djela, ma kakva bila uloga. Za bolje razumijevanje u ovom radu daćemo kratak prikaz ţenskog puta koji se odvijao u povijesti. Dolazeći do informacija o poloţaju ţena iz pojedinih aspekata ţivota, ţene u svijetu i kod nas zasluţuju bolje mjesto u našem obrazovnom sustavu. Zakljuĉak bi mogao biti da Bosna i Hercegovina nikada u historiji nije imala znaĉajnu ţenu. No, saznali smo da je nekada bilo pametnih, vještih, kreativnih i inteligentnih ţena kao što ih ima i danas.Koristeći druge izvore otkrivajući informacije o ţenama općenito, a onda i o ţenama u Bosni i Hercegovini, osjećala sam da je moja duţnost da ih ispriĉam i da imena bosanskih ţena ispišem velikim slovima, kao naĉin razumijevanja uloge i znaĉaja ţene u današnjem bosanskohercegovaĉkom društvu.Osjećala sam tu duţnost kao ţena. Kao ljudsko biće, moja je duţnost prikazati ţene kao ljudska bića skrivena iza muških ramena i dominacije. Ţene zasluţuju bolje mjesto u historiji, jer su to zasluţile kao majke, kćeri, sestre i kreatorice društva, bilo kojeg društva. U okviru ovog rada ukazaćemo na imena vaţnih ţena kroz historiju, ali i aspekt njihovih postignuća. Cilj cjelokupnog istraţivanja je pokušati shvatiti zašto njihov znaĉaj nije prikazan na odgovarajući naĉin u obrazovnom sistemu.
On some the trends in the development of the prosecutor's supervision of the procedural activities of the bodies of inquiry
Authors: Danilenko Irina Anatol'evna , Tabolina Kseniia Andreevna
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to some aspects of the prosecutor's supervision of the procedural activities of the bodies of inquiry, including the problematic aspects of determining the legal status of the body of inquiry as a participant in criminal proceedings. The authors note that despite a number of changes in Russian legislation, a considerable number of issues concerning the procedural position of the body of inquiry in the criminal process of Russia still remain unresolved. The prosecutor has always had a wide range of powers in relation to the inquirer's proceedings, however, the reform of pre-trial proceedings in 2007 not only narrowed the prosecutor's powers during the preliminary investigation, but also created additional conditions for a possible reduction in the prosecutor's powers in the field of procedural management of the inquiry. In this regard, the paper examines the question of the validity of granting the prosecutor a significant amount of powers in relation to the bodies of inquiry. The methodological basis of the article is the general scientific dialectical method of cognition, as well as the complex application of such methods as analysis, historical, formal-logical, system-structural and statistical. The conducted research allowed us to formulate conclusions according to which the modern development of the prosecutor's supervision of the procedural activities of the bodies of inquiry should be associated not so much with amendments to the criminal procedure legislation limiting the scope of the prosecutor's powers, but rather with increasing the effectiveness of the prosecutor's activities in the context of digitalization. It is argued that the wide range of powers available to the prosecutor in relation to the bodies of inquiry is seen as traditional, expedient and justified.
Preeclampsia in pregnant women with COVID-19: a prospective cohort study from two tertiary hospitals in Southern Brazil
Authors: Sobieray Narcizo LEC , Carvalho Newton S. , Klas Cynthia F. , Furuie Isabella N. , Chiste Jullie A. , Fugaça Cyllian A. , Longo Jessica S. , Oliveira Juliana D. , Padilha Sérgio L.
Published: June 2024

Background

COVID-19 is an infectious pathology that shows vascular changes during pregnancy, as well as in the placentas. The main objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and the risk factors for preeclampsia in hospitalized pregnant women with COVID-19. As well as comparing maternal and perinatal outcomes in hospitalized pregnant women with COVID-19 and preeclampsia with those without preeclampsia.

Methods

Prospective cohort study of 100 hospitalized pregnant women from two tertiary hospitals, diagnosed with COVID-19, and divided into two groups: PE+ group (pregnant women with COVID-19 and preeclampsia) and PE- group (pregnant women with COVID-19 without preeclampsia). These pregnant women had prevalence, risk factors, maternal and perinatal data analyzed.

Results

The prevalence of preeclampsia was 11%. Severe COVID-19 was the main risk factor for preeclampsia (OR = 8.18 [CI 1.53–43.52]), as well as fetal growth restriction was the main perinatal outcome (OR = 8.90 [CI 1.52–38.4]). Comorbidities were more frequent in the PE+ group (63.6% vs 31.5%, p = 0.03), as well as prematurity (81.8% vs 41.6%, p = 0.02), low birth weight (63.6% vs 24.7%, p = 0.01), and the need for neonatal intensive care admission of the newborn (63.6% vs 27.0%, p = 0.03). Pregnant women with PE had twice as long a length of stay in the intensive care unit (RR = 2.35 [CI 1.34–4.14]). Although maternal mortality was more frequent among pregnant women with PE, it was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Prevalence of preeclampsia in hospitalized pregnant women with COVID-19 was 11%. Severe COVID-19 was the main risk factor for preeclampsia and associated comorbidities increased the risk for developing preeclampsia. Long length of stay in the intensive care unit was the main maternal outcome and fetal growth restriction was the main perinatal outcome of preeclampsia.
Using bioluminescence as a tool for studying diversity in marine zooplankton and dinoflagellates: an initial assessment
Authors: Letendre Francis , Blackburn Abigail , Malkiel Ed , Twardowski Michael
Published: June 2024

Bioluminescence is light chemically produced by an organism. It is widespread across all major marine phyla and has evolved multiple times, resulting in a high diversity of spectral properties and first flash kinetic parameters (FFKP). The bioluminescence of a system is often a good proxy for planktonic biomass. The species-specific parameters of bioluminescent displays can be measured to identify species in situ and describe planktonic biodiversity. Most bioluminescent organisms will flash when mechanically stimulated i.e., when subjected to supra-threshold levels of shear stress. Here we compare first flash kinetic parameters such as flash duration, peak intensity, rise time, decay time, first-flash mechanically stimulated light and e-folding time obtained with the commercially available Underwater Bioluminescence Assessment Tool (UBAT). We provide descriptions of the first flash kinetic parameters of several species of dinoflagellates Pyrocystis fusiformis, Pyrocystis noctiluca, Pyrodinium bahamense, Lingulodinium polyedra, Alexandrium monilatum and two zooplankton (the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and the larvacean Oikopleura sp.). FFKPs are then compared and discussed using non-parametric analyses of variance (ANOVAs), hierarchical clustering and a linear discriminant analysis to assess the ability to use bioluminescence signatures for identification. Once the first flash kinetic parameters of a bioluminescent species have been described, it is possible to detect its presence using emissions collected by in situ bathyphotometers. Assessing abundance and diversity of bioluminescent species may therefore be possible.
Dental Students’ Perceptions of the Current Educational Environment and Readiness for the Simulation-based Teaching Model: A Questionnaire-based Cross-sectional Study from Malaysia
Authors: Xiao Li , Rao Gururajaprasad Kaggal Lakshmana , Ridzuan Fakhitah , Hashim Hasnah , Mokhtar Norehan
Published: June 2024

Introduction: To facilitate the advancement of dental education in Malaysia, it is imperative to get insight into the perceptions held by dental students towards the current situation of the Educational Environment (EE). Moreover, in the current evolution of the educational framework, a shift is occurring from the conventional pedagogical approach to the implementation of simulation-based experiences. For a better understanding of virtual learning, it is crucial to determine students’ level of technology readiness. Aim: To identify the students’ perceptions regarding the present dental EE in Malaysia and their technology readiness for a simulation-based teaching and learning model and to verify whether technology readiness influences students’ perceptions of the present EE. Materials and Methods: The study utilised a cross-sectional survey design. A total of 146 dental students enrolled in year 4 and year 5 of three dental faculties in Malaysia were invited to this study from May to June 2023. The survey used the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Scale (DREEM) and the modified Technology Readiness Index (TRI) to measure students’ perceptions of EE and readiness for the new educational model. Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to explore the differences among different demographic information for both DREEM and modified TRI. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to determine associated factors with the TRI score. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to measure the correlation between DREEM and modified TRI. All tests for statistical significance were carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26.0. Results: The overall global score of DREEM was 127.74/200. Comparing the subscale and global DREEM scores between public and private universities, significant differences were found in all dimensions and global DREEM scores except for students’ Social Self-Perception (SSP). Year four Undergraduate (UG) students showed more positivity in Students’ Perception of Learning (SPL) (p=0.020) and Students’ Perception of Teachers (SPT) (p=0.031) than year five students. While the overall mean score of the modified TRI was 3.08/5. The level of technology readiness would not affect the overall global DREEM score. Conclusion: Dental UGs’ perception of the EE is considered to be “more positive than negative.” However, improvements are needed in SPL and SPT. Generally, dental UGs in Malaysia have reached an adequate technology readiness level toward simulation-based teaching and learning.
A Review on Levering Technology for Sustainable Development in Agricultural Extension Program
Authors: Bunkar Ramesh Chand , K R Ananda , Kumar Kapil , Sadangi Baisakhee , Gupta Bandana Shahu , Saikanth D R K , Shukla Anoop
Published: June 2024

The transformative potential of technology in agricultural extension programs and its implications for sustainable development. By integrating technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, blockchain, and precision farming tools, agricultural practices can be significantly improved in terms of efficiency, productivity, and sustainability. The discussion is organized into a comprehensive framework that examines successful implementations and outcomes in both developed and developing regions, highlighting case studies that demonstrate the beneficial impacts of technology on farming. Key challenges such as the digital divide, financial constraints, policy and regulatory hurdles, and environmental considerations are critically analyzed to understand the barriers to technology adoption and effective integration. Recommendations are made for policy adjustments, the deployment of inclusive technology strategies, and considerations for long-term sustainability to ensure that these technological advancements contribute effectively to global food security and adhere to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Additionally, future directions are suggested, focusing on emerging technologies like next-generation biotechnologies and their potential impacts. The paper concludes that while the introduction of innovative technologies in agricultural extension holds great promise for transforming agricultural practices, a balanced approach is required. This approach should not only embrace technological innovation but also address the socio-economic and environmental challenges associated with technology adoption. Through strategic policy frameworks, tailored technology solutions, and ongoing support for capacity building, technology can be effectively leveraged to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability, thereby supporting the broader objectives of economic stability, environmental stewardship, and social equity in rural communities worldwide. The insights provided in this paper are intended to guide policymakers, stakeholders, and practitioners in the agricultural sector towards more effective and sustainable integration of technology in agricultural extension services.
From Oral Hygiene to Cognitive Health: Examining the Relationship between Periodontal Disease and Alzheimer's
Authors: Viana Yann Nobre , Rodrigues Holanda Richelly Maria , Araújo Matéus Simplício , Barroso Barbosa Francisco Cesar
Published: June 2024

Aim: The aim of this study was to review the literature in an integrative way, looking for scientific evidence to see if there is a relationship between periodontal disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Study Design: Review the literature in an integrative.
Methodology: The search was carried out on the VHL Regional Portal with articles published in English, Spanish and Portuguese. 169 articles were found between 2021 and 2023. Of this total, 106 were excluded, 5 for being duplicates and 101 for not meeting the inclusion criteria. Of the studies analyzed, most report evidence of an association between PD and AD, with Phorphyromonas gingivalis (PG) as the common pathogen in both conditions.
Results: The results revealed four aspects: a) PG and other periodontopathogens (PP) play a role in the systemic inflammation process that accelerates the onset and progression of AD; b) even given the link between the oral-brain aetiological axis hypothesis of a brain degeneration syndrome such as AD, it is still necessary to further investigate the role of PP and PG (multimicrobial hypothesis) in the pathogenesis and worsening of AD; c) PD represents a factor in the progression of AD via induced pathogenic bacteria, since these individuals may have poor oral hygiene care, due to forgetfulness or less manual dexterity; d) Age and gender are important variables to consider when assessing the association between PD and AD.
Conclusion: Thus, we can infer that despite the number of studies observed through this integrative review, there is still not enough research with a high level of scientific evidence on this association. Thus, new studies with greater methodological rigor in terms of the methods applied and the criteria for diagnosing the pathologies need to be carried out in order to obtain a better understanding of the relationship between PD and AD.
Assessment of Airborne Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Motor Parks in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: E. Oshoma Cyprian , M. Akro Frank , O. Akpoghelie Patrick , B. Isichei-Ukah Osayi , E. Omonigho Solomon
Published: June 2024

Aim: The study was aimed at assessing airborne bacteria and extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the motor parks in Benin City.
Methodology: Airborne bacteria samples were collected in the motor parks (Central, Ugbowo, Agip, 19th Street, and Ekosodin Park), in Benin City using the settled plate method on Nutrient and MacConkey agar. Temperature, relative humidity, and airborne bacteria of the different parks were determined. The bacterial isolates were identified using phenotypic method. The antibiotic susceptibility profile was investigated by the disc diffusion method. The Enterobacteriaceae isolates were screened for Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production potentials. Virulence factor analysis and detection of ESBL genes (TEM, CTX-M, SHV, and OXA) were carried out on the selected ESBL producers.
Results: The relative humidity recorded at the parks at the point of agar plate exposure ranged from 82  ̶  90%. The airborne heterotrophic bacterial and coliform counts from the motor parks ranged from 9.50±0.63 × 102  ̶  1.18±0.02 ×103 cfu/m3 and 2,48±0.41×102  ̶  3.30±0.41×102 cfu/m3 respectively. The identified Enterobacteriaceae were Citrobacter freundii, Serratia marcescens, Citrobacter koseri, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Klebsiella oxytoca, Shigella dysenteriae, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter diversus. The isolate with highest frequency of occurrence was E. coli with values of 30.48 %. The isolate K. pneumoniae had the highest MAR index of 0.8. The isolate S. marcescens had the highest virulent factor of 60% and possessed all the ESBL genes detected. 
Conclusion: Strong infection control measures should be put in place because more ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae have emerged in the surroundings of specific parks in Benin City.
Trend of Foreign Direct Investment in Tanzania's Real Estate Industry From 2000 - 2020: A Systematic Review
Authors: Emmanuel Magreth Kulwa , Chengelela Benard Joseph
Published: June 2024

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has become an area of concern to many developing nations due to the economic benefits it presents to the host nation. Despite the notable growth and potential of the Tanzanian real estate market, there is lack of comprehensive, empirical studies that analyze the specific patterns of FDI inflows in the real estate industry in Tanzania over an extended period and their contributions to national GDP and other economic indicators. This systematic review aims to examine the trend of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Tanzania’s real estate industry from 2000 – 2020. Further, this review helps to determine the contribution of FDI to growth of GDP and other economic indicators in the country. Result shows that there was an irregular trend of FDI inflows in Tanzania’s real estate activities with various asymmetrical decrease and increase throughout the period from 2000 – 2020. However, the FDI inflows in real estate activities is not significantly associated with national GDP, national GDP growth rate, total FDI inflows in the country or contribution of the real estate activities in national GDP. There was a higher growth rate (between 4.2% - 7.5%) of real estate activities from 2000 – 2010, but was followed by a sharp decline to less than 2% in 2011 and then a steady growth rate of above 4% from 2015 – 2020. The percentage shares of GDP by real estate activities was relatively higher and steady from 2000 – 2010, followed by sharp decline from 2010 – 2011 and further decrease towards 2020. Further analysis indicated that there was a general increase in contribution of real estate activities in national GDP from 2000 – 2020. It is concluded that, FDI inflows in Tanzania’s real estate activities show an irregular trend with various asymmetrical decrease and increase throughout the period. The annual growth rate (%) of real estate activities in national GDP displays an irregular trend from 2000 – 2020. Further, there is a general increase in contribution of real estate activities in national GDP during the review period.
The Effect of CFO Characteristics on the Quality of Real Surplus: A Case Study of the Chinese Real Estate Industry
Authors: Huang Nan , He Jia-hui
Published: June 2024

The article selects the data on the characteristics of finance chief executive officers of real estate listed companies from 2018 to 2022 as a research sample and explores the relationship between the heterogeneous characteristics of finance executives and concurrent positions and real surplus management from five perspectives: gender, age, tenure, educational background, salary and compensation of finance chief executive officers. The study shows that: in the real estate industry, gender, salary, and compensation of financial CEOs are not related to surplus management; age is significantly positively related to surplus management in the case of concurrent directorship and significantly negatively related in the case of non-concurrent directorship; tenure of financial CEOs is significantly negatively related to surplus management in the case of non-concurrent directorship; and educational background of financial CEOs is significantly positively related to surplus management in the case of non-concurrent directorship.
Predictors of Mortality in Infective Endocarditis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Boutgourine Mina , Cherki Assala , Bennajma Kawtar , Massrioui Joumana El , Jamili Mohammed El , Karimi Saloua El , Hattaoui Mustapha El
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Infective endocarditis (IE) remains a major health problem with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Despite its serious implications, data on prognostic factors remain scarce.
Aim: We aim to determine predictive factors of mortality during infective endocarditis.
Methods: We performed a retrospective study including patients admitted to university hospital Mohammed 6 of Marrakech between September 2019 and January 2024 for a confirmed IE based on Dukes modified criteria.
Results: Of 43 patients included, 30 were males (69%) and 13 were females (30%). The mean age was 47.4 for men and 49.30 for women. 44.1% of our patients were admitted in heart failure, and 37% presented themselves late to our facility for management. Only 25.58% suffered from kidney failure and 55.8% presented an LV dysfunction. Complications were noted at a rate of 48%. Male’s group had less complication rate with 10% vs 38% in females’ group (p=0.042). And an overall mortality rate was at 34% and there were no significant sex related differences in terms of mortality between the two groups (33% in males vs 38% in females, p = 0.742).
The analytical study concluded that heart failure at admission(p<0.001), neurological complications(p=0.024), anemia (p=0.049), kidney failure (p=0.002), prolonged antibiotics (p=0.016), LV dysfunction (p=0.027) and an emergency surgery (p<0.001) were independent risk factors for mortality.
Conclusion: Our study underscores the urgent need to identify predictive factors of mortality in infective endocarditis (IE), and to adopt a multidisciplinary approach to enhance the care and management of patients, ultimately aiming to improve their survival rates.
Examining the Electron Phase Transformation Theory in the Context of Atomic Structure
Authors: Garai Jozsef
Published: June 2024

The shortcomings of the Rutherford atomic model can be eliminated by the suggested phase transformation of the electrons from point to non-revolving surface charge in the vicinity of the nucleus. The energy balance investigations of this atom model indicated that the stability of the surface charge valence electron shell is ensured by the one-dimensional Casimir effect. If this theoretical prediction is correct then the first ionization energies of the elements should correlate linearly to the inverse of atomic diameter. Classical physics approach, the electrostatic attraction of the nucleus and the repulsion of the surface charge electron shell result in an identical relationship. The problem with the classical physics approach is that it does not offer an adequate explanation for the photoelectric effect and the free electrons inside the metal. Therefore, classical electrostatics cannot be considered the right physical process responsible for the stability of the valence electron/s in neutral atoms.
The derived theoretical relationship, between atomic diameter and ionization energy, was tested up to 86 elements of the periodic table. The correlation coefficient is 0.9187. The correlation is stronger for individual periods. The empirical relationship between the ionization energy and atomic radii is well known, resulting in the same correlation coefficients. However, the correlation to the atomic radii does not reproduce the theoretically derived constant multiplier, contrarily to the atomic diameter relationship. Thus, the first ionization energy is the function of the atomic diameter. The uncertainties in the reported atomic sizes are relatively high. Therefore, the correlation between theory and experiments should be considered as excellent. The theoretically derived relationship between the first ionization energy and atomic diameter is the consequence of the proposed phase transformation of the electron. Thus the detected strong correlation between theory and experiments adds further support to the proposed atomic structure.
Understanding Pollen Behaviour under High Temperature for Climate Resilient Breeding
Authors: N.A Aisha Renju , Stephen Roy
Published: June 2024

Global warming raise challenges for plant reproduction as pollen development and functioning are the most heat-sensitive processes. Hence, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms and processes underlying heat-related male sterility in order to maintain food security. Elevated temperatures elicit acclimation responses that permit pollen development under restricted heat stress conditions; physiological injury leading to pollen development and functioning failure occurs at higher temperature stress. Pollen and the surrounding anther tissues respond to increased temperature at the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome levels. To counteract the damaging effect of misfolded proteins under heat stress, HSPs (Heat Shock Proteins) accumulate in the cytoplasm and organelles to stabilize, resolubilize, and refold proteins. The pathways leading to the production of carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolic compounds, polyamines, hormones and lipids are interconnected and contribute to the metabolic homeostasis required for the growth and viability of the pollen. The pathways leading to the production of carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolic compounds, polyamines, hormones and lipids are interconnected and contribute to the metabolic homeostasis required for growth and viability of the pollen. Using molecular markers to access specific genomic regions associated with a specific trait along with QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) fine mapping can identify several candidate genes associated with thermo-tolerance.  A deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms and metabolic processes involved in the stress response to high temperatures in flowers and particularly in the male reproductive organs will be a major step towards developing of effective breeding strategies for high and stable production in crop plants.