bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Big Data Dilemmas
Authors: Aikat Debashis “Deb”
Published: April 2013

This chapter delineates the theory and practice of ethical big data mining for socio-economic development in four parts. The first part enunciates the ethical role of big data mining for socio-economic development by theorizing big data as a 20th Century phenomenon and its surging significance in the 21st Century digital era. The second part elucidates ethical values relating to big data mining with particular emphasis on the interplay of theory and practice. The third part connects classical theories of ethics to propose a code of conduct that relates to core ethical values such as privacy, confidentiality, objectivity, transparency, conflict of interest, and common good. The fourth and final part identifies privacy as a major challenge of ethical big data mining and postulates needed research directions. This chapter also features a list of additional reading and big data terms with concise definitions explicating their relevance to big data mining for socio-economic development.
E-Government Initiatives in Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Shareef Shareef M , Arreymbi Johnnes
Published: April 2013

In the past decade, most countries have embraced new technologies in an effort to improve the way they offer public services to citizens. Some do so in order to improve the channels through which they communicate and interact with their citizens, while others do so to improve the efficiency of delivery of services; and as a result, introduce savings in the utilization of resources that could also be used in creating new value adding initiatives. This chapter looks at the opportunities provided by e-government initiatives, and also discusses the importance of citizens’ involvement in e-government system development, with particular emphasis on Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). Here, the authors investigate how citizen’s participation affects the success or failure of e-government systems. They attempt to identify factors that could impact the use of such systems and look at ways to encourage stakeholders’ engagement in the development process as a means to improve the services provision. In the end, the chapter also looks at the potential for initiating a program to deliver enhanced government services and social inclusion that embraces electronic communication media within regional governments in developing countries such as KRI.
E-Participation Behavioral in E-Government in Malaysia
Authors: Masrom Maslin , Ling Edith Lim Ai , Din Sabariyah
Published: April 2013

Electronic government or e-government provides great potential for citizens and governments to reduce information cost and maximize the speed of government-citizen interaction. Nearly all governments around the world use Web-based technologies to provide their citizens with access to government services, and to enhance the chances for e-participation in democratic institutions and processes. In Malaysia, the e-government implementation started in 1997 with the aim to deliver services and information effectively and efficiently, and to achieve a fully developed country in the year 2020. Nowadays, many governments of developing country have utilized Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to deliver their services to citizens, and there is also an increasing demand for successful implementation of e-government services within developing nations. It is therefore essential that citizens must be able to use the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in order to assure nation-wide e-participation besides improving channels and contents of public service deliveries on the part of the government. In view of this, the aims of this chapter are to present the current state of e-government in Malaysia, to discuss participation behavioral in the implementation of e-government services, and to highlight approaches that can be considered in enhancing the e-government services through this participation behavioral.
Public Acceptance of M-Government Services in Developing Countries
Authors: Al-Hujran Omar , Migdadi Mahmoud
Published: April 2013

Mobile telecommunications networks have been exploited over the past few years as a means to provide additional flow of information and services to citizens and businesses. This is in addition to using the conventional channels such as the Internet, landline telephones, kiosks, and call centers. The use of mobile communication technology to offer public services to citizens and firms is referred to as mobile government (m-government). In developing countries such as Jordan, there has been an increasing interest in the provision of m-government services. However, the majority of citizens have still never used them. The research reported in this chapter intends to address the m-government adoption issues in an empirical field study that extends the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) with two constructs related to the uncertain context of m-government: trust and information privacy. The results indicate that the strong predictors of citizen intention to use m-government services are performance and effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and trust. Surprisingly, the results also suggest that information privacy is not a significant predictor of citizen intention to use m-government services. The theoretical and managerial implications of these results are also discussed.
An Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Cutting-Edge Geometry on the Machinability of Compacted Graphite Iron
Authors: Nayyar Varun , Alam Md. Zubayer , Kaminski Jacek , Kinnander Anders , Nyborg Lars
Published: April 2013

Compacted graphite iron (CGI) is considered as the potential replacement of flake graphite iron (FGI) for the manufacturing of new generation high power diesel engines. Use of CGI, that have higher strength and stiffness as compared to FGI, allows engine to perform at higher peak pressure with higher fuel efficiency and lower emission rate. However, not only for its potential, CGI is of an area of interest in metal cutting research because of its poor machinability as compared to that of FGI. The higher strength of CGI causes a faster tool wear rate in continuous machining operation even in low cutting speed as compared to that for FGI. This study investigated the influence of cutting edge geometry at different cutting parameters on the machinability of CGI in terms of tool life, cutting force and surface roughness and integrity in internal turning operation under wet condition. It has been seen that the cutting edge radius has significant effect on tool life and cutting forces. The results can be used to select optimum cutting tool geometry for continuous machining of CGI.
Modelling the Growing Process of Integrated Healthcare Supply Networks
Authors: Battini Daria , Faccio Maurizio , Persona Alessandro , Sgarbossa Fabio
Published: April 2013

This work contributes to the practice of healthcare system modelling, by presenting an urgent issue: the growing process of integrated healthcare supply networks in reducing public healthcare systems’ annual expenses and improving performance. Various critical aspects affect the strategic design and development of healthcare logistic networks in practice. The conceptual discussion is empirically derived on the basis of the challenge created by the development of centralized healthcare supply networks supported by the implementation of new IT/IS investments and advanced logistic hubs for hospital material inventory management. The study moves towards the development of a newer “Healthcare Supply Network Causal Loop Diagram”, to analyse and predict the growth pattern of a healthcare logistic network in its complexity, and understand how well the supply network will fit with the benefit provided by new logistic economies of scale and the risk of failures under uncertainty.
Reconfiguration of Synchronous Real-Time Operating System
Authors: Gharsellaoui Hamza , Khalgui Mohamed , Ben Ahmed Samir
Published: April 2013

Real-time scheduling is the theoretical basis of real-time systems engineering. Earliest Deadline first (EDF) is an optimal scheduling algorithm for uniprocessor real-time systems. The paper deals with Reconfigurable Uniprocessor embedded Real-Time Systems classically implemented by different OS tasks that the authors suppose independent, synchronous and periodic to meet functional and temporal properties described in user requirements. They define two forms of automatic reconfigurations which are applied at run-time: Addition-Remove of tasks or just modifications of their temporal parameters: WCET and/or Periods. The authors define a new semantic of the reconfiguration where a crucial criterion to consider is the automatic improvement of the system’s feasibility at run-time by using an Intelligent Agent that automatically checks the system’s feasibility after any reconfiguration scenario to verify if all tasks meet the required deadlines. To handle all possible reconfiguration solutions, the authors propose an agent-based architecture that applies automatic reconfigurations to re-obtain the system’s feasibility and satisfy user requirements. Therefore, they developed the tool RT-Reconfiguration to support these contributions that they apply on the running example system and the authors apply the Real-Time Simulator, Cheddar to check the whole system behavior and evaluate the performance of the algorithm. They present simulations of this architecture where the agent that implemented is evaluated.
The Emergence of Organizational Process Liability as a Future Direction for Research on Technology Acceptance
Authors: Nichols Jason , Biro David , Sharda Ramesh , Shimp Upton
Published: April 2013

During the assessment of a system recently deployed in a military training environment, a survey administered to capture subjects’ intention to continue use of the software resource directly conflicts with the outcome of interviews conducted with the same subjects at the same time. From the richness of the interview data, the conflict is identified to be the result of a seemingly underexplored notion in the literature: organizational process liability. This emerging construct is positioned within existing technology acceptance literature, and initial directions for future research are proposed.
Pathways into a Gendered Occupation
Authors: Swim Jamie , Barker Lecia
Published: April 2013

Although São Paulo is the hub of a growing technology industry in Brazil, female participation in São Paulo’s male-dominated IT sector has decreased over recent decades. Reasons for this trend are complex and research on this topic in Brazil is limited. In an effort to learn about barriers to entry and retention for women in IT careers in Brazil 10 interviews were conducted in São Paulo with women working in information technology (IT) careers. Findings from this study include: 1) IT jobs are considered appropriate for some Brazilian women, but those women are sometimes regarded as abnormal, and technical programs and workplaces are mainly occupied by men, 2) Brazilian women feel constrained by the expectation that they be primary caretakers of domestic responsibilities, and 3) most upper-level leadership positions in IT are held by men. This study is an initial effort on which further research can expand.
A Novel Heuristic Rule for Job Shop Scheduling
Authors: Maqsood Shahid , Khan M. Khurshid , Wood Alastair , Hussain I.
Published: April 2013

Scheduling systems based on traditional heuristic rules, which deal with the complexities of manufacturing systems, have been used by researchers for the past six decades. These heuristics rules prioritise all jobs that are waiting to be processed on a resource. In this paper, a novel Index Based Heuristic (IBH) solution for the Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) is presented with the objective of minimising the overall Makespan (Cmax). The JSSP is still a challenge to researchers and is far from being completely solved due to its combinatorial nature. JSSP suits the challenges of current manufacturing environments. The proposed IBH calculates the indices of candidate jobs and assigns the job with the lower index value to the available machine. To minimise the gap between jobs, a swap technique is introduced. The swap technique takes candidate jobs for a machine and swaps them without violating the precedence constraint. Several benchmark problems are solved from the literature to test the validity and effectiveness of the proposed heuristic. The results show that the proposed IBH based algorithm outperforms the traditional heuristics and is a valid methodology for JSSP optimization.
Design and Implementation of an Online Auxiliary System for Correcting Japanese Composition
Authors: Liu Yuqin , Jiang Guohai , Han Lanling , Lin Mingxing
Published: April 2013

In language learning, error correction information given by teachers for student compositions is of great value in both teaching and learning. However, in traditional paper-based error correction mode, error correction information is easily lost and cannot be fed back to students systematically. The aim of this research is to provide maximum feedback related to systematic correction for students and teachers so that there can be targeted learning and teaching. This paper describes a web-based auxiliary error correcting system for Japanese writing that compares compositions before and after error correction and provides statistics related to error type, error frequency, and error variation. The system was evaluated in the Dalian University of Technology and the experiment proved that teachers and students benefit from this system.
The Social Environment as a Determinant for the Impact of the Big Five Personality Factors and the Group’s Performance
Authors: Koroutchev Kostadin , Acuña Silvia T. , Gómez Marta N.
Published: April 2013

The composition of a team usually is done by having in mind the personality factors, supposing that these factors are important for the working climate and performance of the group. Starting from this hypothesis, the authors investigate the influence of the personality factors on the team achievements in a practicum of computer science students. The correlations by itself were very weak. But by partitioning the data, it results that the social environment in which the tasks are performed is a decisive factor for the importance and the influence of the team personality factors on the group’s performance. If the social environment exposes the team to situations in which the corresponding personal factors are important, then a significant correlation between these factors and the achievement is observed.
Expressive Audiovisual Message Presenter for Mobile Devices
Authors: Gonçalves Alex Garcia , De Martino José Mario
Published: April 2013

This paper presents the development of an extension of the SMS Service for Android Smartphones, which adds audio and visual characteristics to this widely used communication service. With this solution, when a SMS message is received, it is read by a 3D avatar, who performs the lip articulatory movements and the emotional facial expressions synchronized with the audio corresponding to the content of the received message.
Supporting Digital Natives to Learn Effectively with Technology Tools
Authors: Keengwe Jared , Georgina David
Published: April 2013

Majority of learners in our classrooms are digital natives or Millennials – a category of learners who tend toward independence and autonomy in their learning styles. The primary challenges then facing instructors include: How do digital natives learn and how do you teach them? The answers to these questions will help instructors to: (a) identify and develop learning instructional offerings that are appropriate to their cognitive learning patterns, and (b) find strategies that focus on millennials’ interest and use of technology. This article highlights the need to integrate active student-centered strategies into classroom instruction to support digital natives to learn effectively with technology.
Developing a Website Usability Framework for B2C E-Commerce Success
Authors: Sahi Geetanjali , Madan Sushila
Published: April 2013

With the growth and proliferation of the internet, B2C E-commerce has grown across the globe. To reach the huge geographically spread customer base, organizations are opening web-based stores; as these organizations invest a lot of resources in this process, it is imperative that they measure the success of their E-commerce venture. Although much research has been done in the area of ascertaining factors that influence the adoption of E-commerce, little research has been conducted on post-adoption phenomenon of E-commerce success. The purpose of this study is to fill this gap. A conceptual model is derived after extracting elements of Technology acceptance model and expectation-confirmation theory. The model was then tested using data gathered from 297 online shoppers in India. As a result of an extensive review of IS literature 7 dimensions (4 first order and 3 intermediate) viz. System Quality, Trust, Extension Quality, Propriety of content, User satisfaction, Perceived usability and Intention to purchase were identified. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that all the intermediate dimensions viz. User satisfaction, Perceived usability and Intention to purchase and one first order dimension Trust significantly impacted E-commerce success. All of the first order dimensions significantly impacted one or the other intermediate dimension.
Managing Information for Real-Time Decision Support at Community Level
Authors: Rahman Hakikur
Published: April 2013

Management of real time information systems is gaining importance in all sectors and facets of human life. Varying from their applications in aviation, military, government, space technology, earth science, robotics, human cognitive, life support systems, disasters and emergencies, they emerge in diversified forms and natures. This paper identifies various contexts in the decision making processes of community livelihood; contextualizes the relevant information for taking time-critical decision, conceptualizes appropriate decision making methods, tools, and technologies for proper implementation, and manages an appropriate decision support system focusing knowledge acquisition and learning. Along this perspective, the paper establishes a decision support system framework in the aspect of early warning system in reaching out to grass roots community people at their own language, sign, and interpretation; provides knowledge support during disaster management, especially during post-disaster; provides information support in agriculture related matters, focusing pest control, and pre and post harvesting issues; provides emergency health assistance support during road accidents, or emergency health cases, or epidemic breakouts; and finally provides collaborative learning to improve e-governance at community level.
Parallel ACO with a Ring Neighborhood for Dynamic TSP
Authors: Pintea Camelia M. , Crisan Gloria Cerasela , Manea Mihai
Published: April 2013

The current paper introduces a new parallel computing technique based on ant colony optimization for a dynamic routing problem. Ant Colony Optimization is a metaheurisitc that is able to solve large scale optimization problems. In the dynamic traveling salesman problem, the distances between cities as travel times are no longer fixed. The new technique uses a parallel model for a problem variant that allows a slight movement of nodes within their neighborhoods. The algorithm is tested with success on several large data sets. The paper concludes with a discussion of the results provided by both the sequential and parallel approaches and calls for further research on the subject.
MDABC
Authors: Singh Vikas , Singh Deepak , Tiwari Ritu , Shukla Anupam
Published: April 2013

Motif discovery is one of the most popular problems in molecular biology. There are many solutions provided by researchers. In this paper we have adopted the features of the Artificial beecolony algorithm (ABC) and designed a sequential algorithm to solve motif problem and named it MDABC. Artificial bee colony algorithm is a population based heuristic search technique used for optimization problem. We have performed experiments with the nucleotide sequences of homo sapiens (human) and mouse viz. CDRT4, MACF1, Zfa, TNFRSF19 and TICAM2. The ABC algorithm applied to the CDRT4, MACF1, Zfa, TNFRSF19 and TICAM2 DNA sequence for determining the motif of length 10, 20 and 30 using the maximum number of cycle (MCN) or the maximum number of generation is equal to 250, 500 and 1000. Our result shows a promising superior performance of the algorithm. As we will see, our results surpass the results obtained by other approaches proposed in the literature.
Analyzing Human Factors for an Effective Information Security Management System
Authors: Alavi Reza , Islam Shareeful , Jahankhani Hamid , Al-Nemrat Ameer
Published: April 2013

Managing security is essential for organizations doing business in a globally networked environment and for organizations that are at the same time seeking to achieve their missions and goals. However, numerous technical advancements do not always produce a more secure environment. All kinds of human factors can deeply affect the management of security in an organizational context. Therefore, security is not solely a technical problem; rather, the authors need to understand human factors, which need adequate attention to achieve an effective information security management system practice. This paper identifies direct and indirect human factors that have impact on information security. These factors were analyzed through the study of two security incidents of the UK’s financial organizations using the SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) technique. The study’s results show that human factors are the main causes for these security incidents. Factors such as training, awareness, and security culture influence organizational strength and opportunity relating to information security. People’s irrational behavior and errors are the main weaknesses highlighted in security incidents, which pose threats such as poor reputation and high costs.
Improving Decision Making in Extreme Situations
Authors: Godé Cécile , Lebraty Jean-Fabrice
Published: April 2013

This article explores the capacity of a decision support system (DSS) to improve the quality of decision making in extreme situations. This DSS is actually based on a networked information system (IS). Academic literature commonly mentions models of fit to explore the relationship between technology and performance, reckoning users’ evaluations as a relevant measurement technique for Information System (IS) success. Although effective contributions have been achieved in measurement and exploration of fit, there have been few attempts to investigate the triangulation of fit between “Task-DSS-Decision Maker” under stressful and uncertain events. This article provides new insights regarding the assessment of advantages provided by networked IS for making relevant decisions under such circumstances. An original case study has been conducted. It is focused on a decision support system called Link 16 that is used during aerial missions. This case study shows that the system improves decision making on an individual basis and suggests to take into account three main criteria – compliance, complementarity and conformity – to measure DSS performance under extreme situations.
A Case of Lung Lesions Induced by a soccer Ball
Authors: Takemoto Masaaki , Yanagawa Youichi , Oike Tsubasa , Iba Toshiaki , Tanaka Hiroshi
Published: April 2013

An 18-year-old youth soccer forward received a direct hit from a kicked soccer ball on the anterior right chest when the goal keeper kicked the ball from a distance of 1 meter. Immediately following the hit, the subject experienced dypnea, chest pain and had a cough, with several milliliters of hemoptysis. His symptoms subsided after 20 minutes of rest. However, he still felt mild discomfort and was taken to our department for evaluation. On examination, all vital signs were normal. A computed tomography scan of the chest was obtained, and revealed a small area of opacification in the right lung field suggesting a pulmonary contusion or traumatic lung edema. Ten days after the initial injury, he was cleared for full participation. We herein reported the first case of a lung lesion induced by a soccer ball. Conservative treatment resulted in a favorable outcome.
Differential Expression of Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Isoforms in Flight Muscles of the Chagas Disease Vector Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera, Reduviidae)
Authors: Stroppa María M. , Lagunas Mariana S. , Carriazo Carlota S. , Garcia Beatríz A. , Iraola Gregorio , Panzera Yanina , Gerez de Burgos Nelia M.
Published: April 2013

Flight muscles of Triatoma infestans have two glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) isoforms: GPDH-1 is involved in flight metabolism and GPDH-2 provides lipid precursors. Total GPDH activity was greater in the natural population and almost only due to GPDH-1. Different expression and activity observed between GPDH isoforms in the natural population and the first laboratory generation was not detected in the second laboratory generation. This pattern may be caused by gradual adaptation to laboratory nutritional conditions. During development, the expression of GPDH-2 increased with a longer time of intake, which would imply an increment in lipid biosynthesis. The GPDH-1 transcript predominated with respect to that of GPDH-2 in the lower nutritional condition, suggesting the necessity of insects to fly during this nutritional status. The transcriptional pattern showed a delay at 22°C. The isoforms activities and transcript patterns in flight muscles suggest transcriptional adaptation to metabolic requirements originated by alternative splicing.
The dynamics of laterally variable subductions: laboratory models applied to the Hellenides
Authors: Guillaume B. , Husson L. , Funiciello F. , Faccenna C.
Published: April 2013

Abstract. We design three-dimensional dynamically self-consistent laboratory models of subduction to analyze the relationships between overriding plate deformation and subduction dynamics in the upper mantle. We investigate the effects of the subduction of a lithosphere of laterally variable buoyancy on the temporal evolution of trench kinematics and shape, horizontal flow at the top of the asthenosphere, dynamic topography and deformation of the overriding plate. The interface between the two units, analogue to a trench-perpendicular tear fault between a negatively buoyant oceanic plate and positively buoyant continental one, is either fully-coupled or shear-stress free. Differential rates of trench retreat, in excess of 6 cm yr−1 between the two units, trigger a more vigorous mantle flow above the oceanic slab unit than above the continental slab unit. The resulting asymmetrical sublithospheric flow shears the overriding plate in front of the tear fault, and deformation gradually switches from extension to transtension through time. The consistency between our models results and geological observations suggests that the Late Cenozoic deformation of the Aegean domain, including the formation of the North Aegean Trough and Central Hellenic Shear zone, results from the spatial variations in the buoyancy of the subducting lithosphere. In particular, the lateral changes of the subduction regime caused by the Early Pliocene subduction of the old oceanic Ionian plate redesigned mantle flow and excited an increasingly vigorous dextral shear underneath the overriding plate. The models suggest that it is the inception of the Kefalonia Fault that caused the transition between an extension dominated tectonic regime to transtension, in the North Aegean, Mainland Greece and Peloponnese. The subduction of the tear fault may also have helped the propagation of the North Anatolian Fault into the Aegean domain.
Monstruos y poder en El obsceno pájaro de la noche de José Donoso
Authors: Martin Carmen
Published: April 2013

En el ensayo “Monstruos y poder en El obsceno pájaro de la noche” se estudia, desde los distintos conceptos de monstruosidad propuestos por Foucault en su obra Los anormales, la manera en la que la figura del monstruo se constituye como eje central desde el cual puede analizarse la novela El obsceno pájaro de la noche del autor chileno José Donoso.En el presente trabajo se examina la manera según la cual, dentro de la novela, la figura del monstruo se instala como una amenaza a las convenciones sociales aceptadas proponiendo otro discurso, en el que se subvierten los valores y se revela aquello que para la continuidad de un cuerpo social debiese permanecer oculto. Dentro de este contexto se examina la forma en la que los personajes se configuran en tanto seres marginales que, sin embargo, hacen de aquel carácter subalterno y socialmente secundario una fuente de ilimitado poder, radicado principalmente en el conocimiento directo de las debilidades de la estructura social.El monstruo, así, aparece como un ser esencialmente subversivo y transgresor, lo que dentro de la novela estudiada puede comprenderse como un ataque a lo socialmente establecido al tiempo de permitir, asimismo, una lectura alegórica con respecto a las instituciones y a los valores sobre los cuales se establecen las sociedades modernas en general y la chilena de la década de los setenta en particular.
A Computational Study of the Factors Influencing Pressure in Arteriovenous Fistulae Venous Aneurysms
Authors: Georgakarakos Efstratios I. , Xenakis Antonios , Kapoulas Konstantinos C. , Tsangaris Sokrates , Georgiadis George S. , Lazarides Miltos K.
Published: April 2013

Purpose

To investigate the factors influencing the hydrostatic pressure exerted within the venous aneurysms (VA) of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF).

Methods

Ideal models of a side-to-end brachial-cephalic AVF were computationally constructed and typical values for the length and the local diameters were considered for both the artery and vein sections of the models. Three VA configurations were reconstructed (spherical, fusiform and curved) and hydrostatic pressure was assessed with respect to different degrees of the outflow vein stenosis, ranging from 25% to 95%, and VA maximum diameters, using validated, commercially available software.

Results

The pressure in the VA was steady (1200 Pa) for venous outflow stenoses up to 75%. For stenoses greater than 75% a exponential pressure rise was observed, reaching 1500 Pa for stenoses of 95%. Neither the VA configuration nor its maximum diameter affected the pressure values exerted within the VA or the point of the pressure upstroke.

Conclusions

our study supports the presence of a critical stenotic outflow vein diameter beyond which there is an exponential VA pressure increase, influenced neither by the shape nor the size of the VA. Whether the prompt, non-invasive detection of this finding can contribute or lead to the determination of a criterion for early intervention in VAs before clinical complications are developed, should be investigated by future studies.
A Saúde dos povos indígenas: a declaração de Kuching para ação
Authors: WONCA Working Party on Rural Practice
Published: April 2013

Ademais da Declaração de Durban e da declaração de Kuching de 1999, que convocam para uma Iniciativa Global de Saúde Para Toda a População Rural, nós, como profissionais de saúde das zonas rurais de todo o mundo, que estivemos presentes à sexta Conferência Mundial WONCA sobre Saúde Rural em Santiago de Compostela, Espanha, notamos com preocupação que:•Adespeitodadiversidadeculturaleétnica,existemnotáveissemelhançasentreosproblemas,disparidadesnasaúdee interesses dos povos indígenas no mundo todo.•Oestadodesaúdedospovosindígenasemmuitospaísesésignificativamentepiordoqueaqueledapopulaçãocomoum todo.•Ospovosindígenasrepresentamasmaismarginalizadasemaispobressubpopulaçõesdomundo.•Muitosdosproblemasdesaúdedospovosindígenassãodecorrentesdascondiçõessocioeconômicasprecárias.•Arealocaçãoforçadadepovosindígenassemconsultaouconsentimentoinformadotemumefeitodanososustentadosobre a saúde e bem-estar cultural dessas comunidades e seus membros.
Une figure autoriale dans le commentaire grammatical ?
Authors: Lafond Muriel
Published: April 2013

Si le commentaire grammatical ne constitue pas à proprement parler un « genre », il se voit néanmoins régi par des règles issues de la tradition, qui ne manquent pas d’entraîner une impression d’homogénéité lorsque l’on compare les différents ouvrages qui nous sont parvenus. Est-il donc possible de dégager d’un type d’écrit aussi figé une figure auctoriale ? Les commentaires nous permettent-ils d’en apprendre davantage sur leur auteur et de nous faire entendre un discours du scholiaste sur sa propre activité ? Cet article se propose de répondre à ces questions en s’appuyant sur les commentaires de Servius aux oeuvres de Virgile, que nous comparerons à d’autres écrits — et notamment au Servius Danielis — afin d’en dégager les caractéristiques essentielles du célèbre grammaticus.
Esquisse d’une poétique de l’allégorie à l’âge classique
Authors: Pioffet Marie-Christine
Published: April 2013

François Hédelin, dit l’abbé d’Aubignac, fondateur de l’Académie des Belles Lettres destinée à rivaliser avec la célèbre Académie française, fut souvent raillé par la critique de son temps. On l’accusa d’avoir imité la Carte de Tendre dans son Histoire du temps, ou Relation du royaume de Coqueterie (1654) et son obscur roman allégorique Macarise, ou la reine des isles fortunées (1664) qui, malgré ses audaces, reçut un accueil assez tiède. Dans un texte polémique publié en 1659 puis réédité en 1660, la Lettre d’Ariste à Cleonte, contenant l’apologie de l’Histoire du Temps, ou la defense du royaume de Coqueterie, d’Aubignac, sous le nom d’Ariste, affirme non seulement la priorité de sa carte sur l’esquisse de Madeleine de Scudéry, mais élabore une véritable poétique de l’allégorie sise sur un riche héritage qu’il revendique pour réhabiliter sa création. Semblablement, pour favoriser la réception de Macarise, il dote cette histoire en « forme de roman » d’un important péritexte destiné non seulement à permettre son déchiffrement, mais aussi à jeter les bases d’une nouvelle conception du roman. À une époque où la fiction narrative cherche encore sa voie, l’exégèse aubignacienne témoigne de préoccupations formelles et d’un effort de théorisation qui dépasse de loin la portée du Royaume de Coqueterie et de Macarise.
De quoi l’essai est-il le nom ?
Authors: Jalbert Martin
Published: April 2013

Depuis maintenant quarante ans, on explique l’appartenance de l’essai à la littérature par la combinaison d’un verbe et d’une pensée d’exception dont il serait le lieu. Il est ici envisagé autrement. Car le nom essai est celui du rapport entre une pratique d’écriture et de pensée et la modalité interprétative qui lui donne une visibilité et une lisibilité tenant à la conception spécifique de la pensée, de l’écriture et de la lecture remontant aux romantiques allemands. Cet article examine en trois étapes les grands pans de cette intelligibilité littéraire au sein de la pensée québécoise de l’essai, chez les plus grands écrivains associés au genre, dont Pierre Vadeboncoeur, André Belleau et Fernand Ouellette.
La discipline francophone des Relations internationales au Québec et au Canada
Authors: Grondin1 David , D’Aoust Anne-Marie , Racine-Sibulka Paul
Published: April 2013

Depuis les années 1990, les RI francophones semblent avoir connu un essor important au point de s’imposer comme l’un des sous-champs les plus populaires pour les étudiants de baccalauréat et des cycles supérieurs au Québec et au Canada francophone. Au-delà de ces développements institutionnels importants et à la lumière des conclusions posées par Cornut et coll. (dans ce numéro) sur les nouveaux politologues francophones, quel bilan peut-on dresser des « RI francophones » ? On a peu questionné l’effet de la pratique la plus évidente des RI, soit l’usage hégémonique de l’anglais, sur les RI dans le Canada et le Québec francophones et notamment sur les nouveaux doctorants qui y sont formés. Il nous apparaissait ainsi important de souligner que le bilan des RI francophones au Canada et au Québec nécessite que l’on questionne non seulement la singularité intellectuelle apportée par l’épithète « francophones » ajoutée à « RI », mais également la soi-disant nature proprement anglophone de la discipline des RI. Les conclusions de la sociologie de la discipline centrées sur le rôle politique de la langue dans la recherche et l’enseignement offertes dans ce texte espéraient rendre plus saillante la réalité des différentes structures de pouvoir en lien avec la production d’un savoir dans une langue plutôt qu’une autre. En soulevant certaines questions difficiles avec lesquelles les étudiants et les professeurs en RI sont aux prises et en proposant certaines mesures concrètes, nous n’espérons pas tant susciter la controverse, inévitable et nécessaire lorsque des questions d’ordre politique sont soulevées, que semer les germes d’un débat crucial à venir quant à l’avenir d’une production intellectuelle francophone en RI et la formation de doctorants francophones en RI au Québec et au Canada.
Éléments pour une morphologie des politistes français au vingt et unième siècle
Authors: Déloye Yves
Published: April 2013

Cette note de recherche propose de dresser un portrait collectif de la science politique française aujourd’hui. Elle présente l’état de la discipline et analyse ses récentes évolutions qui laissent apparaître une tendance à la fragmentation. Ce portrait collectif permet notamment d’observer l’évolution des recrutements (distribution des différents statuts d’enseignants-chercheurs, déséquilibre de genre, distribution géographique…). L’élément principal de transformation évoqué vient des réformes en cours dans le paysage académique français avec les redéfinitions du partenariat entre les universités et les instituts d’études politiques et la voie qui vise à rendre les universités de plus en plus autonomes.
Overcoming mutation-based resistance to antiandrogens with rational drug design
Authors: Balbas Minna D , Evans Michael J , Hosfield David J , Wongvipat John , Arora Vivek K , Watson Philip A , Chen Yu , Greene Geoffrey L , Shen Yang , Sawyers Charles L
Published: April 2013

The second-generation antiandrogen enzalutamide was recently approved for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Despite its success, the duration of response is often limited. For previous antiandrogens, one mechanism of resistance is mutation of the androgen receptor (AR). To prospectively identify AR mutations that might confer resistance to enzalutamide, we performed a reporter-based mutagenesis screen and identified a novel mutation, F876L, which converted enzalutamide into an AR agonist. Ectopic expression of AR F876L rescued the growth inhibition of enzalutamide treatment. Molecular dynamics simulations performed on antiandrogen–AR complexes suggested a mechanism by which the F876L substitution alleviates antagonism through repositioning of the coactivator recruiting helix 12. This model then provided the rationale for a focused chemical screen which, based on existing antiandrogen scaffolds, identified three novel compounds that effectively antagonized AR F876L (and AR WT) to suppress the growth of prostate cancer cells resistant to enzalutamide.
Shedding new light on circadian clocks
Authors: Demarque Maud , Schibler Ueli
Published: April 2013

Using a clever combination of genetic and biochemical tools researchers have shown that a transcription factor called USF1 has a central role in determining how mutations of the Clock gene manifest themselves in the behaviour of different mouse strains.
Essential Care for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Curry Susan J. , Bell Crystal J.
Published: July 2024

This Viewpoint describes essential health care services for women experiencing intimate partner violence and strategies for providing these services during disasters and public health emergencies.
Bioelectronic Implantable Devices for Physiological Signal Recording and Closed‐Loop Neuromodulation
Authors: Oh Saehyuck , Jekal Janghwan , Liu Jia , Kim Jeehwan , Park Jang‐Ung , Lee Taeyoon , Jang Kyung‐In
Published: July 2024

Bioelectronic implantable devices are adept at facilitating continuous monitoring of health and enabling the early detection of diseases, offering insights into the physiological conditions of various bodily organs. Furthermore, these advanced systems have therapeutic capabilities in neuromodulation, demonstrating their efficacy in addressing diverse medical conditions through the precise delivery of stimuli directly to specific targets. This comprehensive review explores developments and applications of bioelectronic devices within the biomedical field. Special emphasis is placed on the evolution of closed‐loop systems, which stand out for their dynamic treatment adjustments based on real‐time physiological feedback. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and edge computing technologies is discussed, which significantly bolster the diagnostic and therapeutic functions of these devices. By addressing elemental analyses, current challenges, and future directions in implantable devices, the review aims to guide the pathway for advances in bioelectronic devices.
Synovial Lubrication Factors‐Recruiting Biomimetic Polyphenolized Hyaluronic Acid for Promoting Cartilage Repair
Authors: Yuan Hui , Xiao Pengcheng , Sarmento Bruno , Chen Gang , Cui Wenguo
Published: July 2024

Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative disease characterized by continuous detachment of lubrication factors from damaged cartilage matrix. This study proposes a paradigm that combines natural polyanionic polysaccharides (hyaluronic acid, HA) with dopamine (DA) to design a synovial lubrication factors‐recruiting biomimetic polyphenolized lubrication system. The biomimetic lubricants can use DA's polarity and hydrophilic groups as specific binding sites of type II collagen's polarity and hydrophilic groups to stably bind cartilage surface, and further utilize molecular specific interaction to recruit detached, joint endogenous or chondrocytes expressed synovial lubrication factors, continuously forming supramolecular lubrication complex onto cartilage matrix to induce joint lubrication. Simultaneously, the biolubricants can also utilize catechol groups to eliminate anionic free radicals and resist reactive oxygen species invasion in the early stages of joint lubrication failure. The prepared biolubricants exhibit low coefficient of friction (µ < 0.08), which is attributed to fluid and hydration lubrication provided by HA and DA side chains through fluid dynamic effect and interfacial hydration adsorption. Cell and animal experiments also demonstrate polyphenolic biolubricants have good biocompatibility and promote cartilage regeneration. Therefore, the developed synovial lubricants‐recruiting biomimetic polyphenolized biolubricants have potential for treating osteoarthritis, and also provide a theoretical basis for other biological tissues with lubrication problems.
Reverse Hydrogen Spillover on Metal Oxides for Water‐Promoted Catalytic Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Fu Hao , Liu Hongjie , Wang Xiyang , Zhang Wenhua , Zhang Hui , Luo Yunhong , Deng Xianwang , King Graham , Chen Ning , Wang Liwei , Wu Yimin A.
Published: July 2024

Understanding the water‐involved mechanism on metal oxide surface and the dynamic interaction of water with active sites is crucial in solving water poisoning in catalytic reactions. Herein, this work solves this problem by designing the water‐promoted function of metal oxides in the ethanol oxidation reaction. In situ multimodal spectroscopies unveil that the competitive adsorption of water‐dissociated *OH species with O2 at Sn active sites results in water poisoning and the sluggish proton transfer in CoO‐SnO2 imparts water‐resistant effect. Carbon material as electron donor and proton transport channel optimizes the Co active sites and expedites the reverse hydrogen spillover from CoO to SnO2. The water‐promoted function arises from spillover protons facilitating O2 activation on the SnO2 surface, leading to crucial *OOH intermediate formation for catalyzing C‐H and C‐C cleavage. Consequently, the tailored CoO‐C‐SnO2 showcases a remarkable 60‐fold enhancement in ethanol oxidation reaction compared to bare SnO2 under high‐humidity conditions.
Body‐Wide Inactivation of the Myc‐Like Mlx Transcription Factor Network Accelerates Aging and Increases the Lifetime Cancer Incidence
Authors: Wang Huabo , Stevens Taylor , Lu Jie , Roberts Alexander , Van't Land Clinton , Muzumdar Radhika , Gong Zhenwei , Vockley Jerry , Prochownik Edward V.
Published: July 2024

The “Mlx” and “Myc” transcription factor networks cross‐communicate and share many common gene targets. Myc's activity depends upon its heterodimerization with Max, whereas the Mlx Network requires that the Max‐like factor Mlx associate with the Myc‐like factors MondoA or ChREBP. The current work demonstrates that body‐wide Mlx inactivation, like that of Myc, accelerates numerous aging‐related phenotypes pertaining to body habitus and metabolism. The deregulation of numerous aging‐related Myc target gene sets is also accelerated. Among other functions, these gene sets often regulate ribosomal and mitochondrial structure and function, genomic stability, and aging. Whereas “MycKO” mice have an extended lifespan because of a lower cancer incidence, “MlxKO” mice have normal lifespans and a higher cancer incidence. Like Myc, the expression of Mlx, MondoA, and ChREBP and their control over their target genes deteriorate with age in both mice and humans. Collectively, these findings underscore the importance of lifelong and balanced cross‐talk between the two networks to maintain proper function and regulation of the many factors that can affect normal aging.
Serum and Urine Metabolic Fingerprints Characterize Renal Cell Carcinoma for Classification, Early Diagnosis, and Prognosis
Authors: Xu Xiaoyu , Fang Yuzheng , Wang Qirui , Zhai Shuanfeng , Liu Wanshan , Liu Wanwan , Wang Ruimin , Deng Qiuqiong , Zhang Juxiang , Gu Jingli , Huang Yida , Liang Dingyitai , Yang Shouzhi , Chen Yonghui , Zhang Jin , Xue Wei , Zheng Junhua , Wang Yuning , Qian Kun , Zhai Wei
Published: July 2024

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a substantial pathology of the urinary system with a growing prevalence rate. However, current clinical methods have limitations for managing RCC due to the heterogeneity manifestations of the disease. Metabolic analyses are regarded as a preferred noninvasive approach in clinics, which can substantially benefit the characterization of RCC. This study constructs a nanoparticle‐enhanced laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (NELDI MS) to analyze metabolic fingerprints of renal tumors (n = 456) and healthy controls (n = 200). The classification models yielded the areas under curves (AUC) of 0.938 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.884–0.967) for distinguishing renal tumors from healthy controls, 0.850 for differentiating malignant from benign tumors (95% CI, 0.821–0.915), and 0.925–0.932 for classifying subtypes of RCC (95% CI, 0.821–0.915). For the early stage of RCC subtypes, the averaged diagnostic sensitivity of 90.5% and specificity of 91.3% in the test set is achieved. Metabolic biomarkers are identified as the potential indicator for subtype diagnosis (p < 0.05). To validate the prognostic performance, a predictive model for RCC participants and achieve the prediction of disease (p = 0.003) is constructed. The study provides a promising prospect for applying metabolic analytical tools for RCC characterization.