bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perturbation by weakly continuous forms and semigroups on Hardy space
Authors:   Institute of Applied Analysis, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 18, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, Arendt Wolfgang , Chalendar Isabelle ,   LAMA, Universite Gustave Eiffel, Universite Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, F-77454 Marne-la-Vallee, France, Moletsane Boitumelo ,   University of the Witswatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Published: September 2022

In the first part of the article perturbation of a closed form by a weakly continuous form is studied. This notion of weakly continuous perturbation is very handy and, as is shown in the article, leads to a new semigroup whose difference with the given semigroup consists of compact operators. We apply the results to elliptic operators on the Hardy space generalizing results from Semigroup Forum 95(2017), 281-292. A holomorphic semigroup operating on the Hardy space is obtained whose asymptotic behaviour is studied and which is compared with the semigroup generated by the elliptic operator with periodic boundary conditions on L2(0,2π).
Universal composition operators
Authors:   IMECC, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil, Carmo Joao R. , Noor S. Waleed ,   IMECC, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
Published: September 2022

A Hilbert space operator U is called \textit{universal} (in the sense of Rota) if every Hilbert space operator is similar to a multiple of U restricted to one of its invariant subspaces. It follows that the \textit{invariant subspace problem} for Hilbert spaces is equivalent to the statement that all minimal invariant subspaces for U are one dimensional. In this article we characterize all linear fractional composition operators Cϕf=f∘ϕ that have universal translates on both the classical Hardy spaces H2(C+) and H2(D) of the half-plane and the unit disk, respectively. The new example here is the composition operator on H2(D) with affine symbol ϕa(z)=az+(1−a) for $0
Rokhlin-type properties, approximate innerness and Z-stability
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel, Hirshberg Ilan
Published: September 2022

We investigate connections between actions on separable C∗-algebras with Rokhlin-type properties and absorption of the Jiang-Su algebra Z. We show that if A admits an approximately inner group action with finite Rokhlin dimension with commuting towers then A is Z-stable. We obtain analogous results for tracial version of the Rokhlin property and approximate innerness. Going beyond approximate innerness, for actions of a single automorphism which have the Rokhlin property and are almost periodic in a suitable sense, the crossed product absorbs Z even when the original algebra does not.
Maximum modulus principle for multipliers and mean ergodic multiplication operators
Authors:   Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G1 Canada, Bilokopytov Eugene
Published: September 2022

The main goal of this note is to show that (not necessarily holomorphic) multipliers of a wide class of normed spaces of continuous functions over a connected Hausdorff topological space cannot attain their multiplier norms, unless they are constants. As an application, a contractive multiplication operator is either a multiplication with a constant, or is completely non-unitary. Additionally, we explore possibilities for a multiplication operator to be (weakly) compact and (uniformly) mean ergodic.
On polynomially bounded operators with shift-type invariant subspaces
Authors:   St. Petersburg Branch, V.A. Steklov Institute of Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fontanka 27, St. Petersburg, 191023, Russia, Gamal Maria F.
Published: September 2022

Generalizing a particular case of a result by Kerchy (2007) for contractions, the following was proved by the author: if T is a polynomially bounded operator and there exists a transformation with dense range which intertwines T with the bilateral shift of multiplicity 1, then there exists an invariant subspace M of T such that T|M is similar to the unilateral shift of multiplicity 1. In the present paper, several corollaries of this result are given. In particular, reflexivity of polynomially bounded operators described above is proved.
Classification of AH algebras with finitely many ideals
Authors:   Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, U.S.A., Wang Kun
Published: September 2022

The class of AH algebras with the ideal property and no dimension growth is classified by the invariant inv(⋅). In this paper, we introduce a new invariant, Inv(⋅), a refined version of inv(⋅) and show that they are equivalent for AH algebras with the ideal property and no dimension growth. Then we give a sufficient condition under which the Hausdorffified algebraic K1 group could be recovered from the traditional Elliott invariant. As an application, the class of AH algebras with the ideal property, no dimension growth, and finitely many ideals can be classified by the extended Elliott invariant.
High energy bounds on wave operators
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Bostelmann Henning , Cadamuro Daniela ,   Institut fuer Theoretische Physik, Universitaet Leipzig, Bruederstrasse 16, 04103 Leipzig, Germany, Lechner Gandalf ,   School of Mathematics, Cardiff University, Senghennydd Road, CF24 4AG Cardiff, U.K.
Published: September 2022

The wave operators W±(H1,H0) of two selfadjoint operators H0 and H1 are analyzed at asymptotic spectral values. Sufficient conditions for ∥(W±(H1,H0)−Pac1Pac0)f(H0)∥<∞ are given, where Pacj projects onto the subspace of absolutely continuous spectrum of Hj and f is an unbounded function (f-boundedness), both in the case of trace-class perturbations and in terms of the high-energy behaviour of the boundary values of the resolvent of H0 (smooth method). Examples include f-boundedness for the perturbed polyharmonic operator and for Schr\"odinger operators with matrix-valued potentials. We discuss an application to the problem of quantum backflow.
Weighted composition operators: isometries and asymptotic behaviour
Authors:   LAMA, Universite Gustave Eiffel, Universite Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, F-77454 Marne-la-Vallee, France, Chalendar Isabelle , Partington Jonathan R. ,   School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
Published: September 2022

This paper studies the behaviour of iterates of weigh\-ted composition operators acting on spaces of analytic functions, with particular emphasis on the Hardy space H2. Questions relating to uniform, strong and weak convergence are resolved in many cases. Connected to this is the question when a weighted composition operator is an isometry, and new results are given in the case of the Hardy and Bergman spaces.
On continuous duality for Moore groups
Authors:   School of Applied Mathematics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 34, Tallinskaya St. Moscow, 123458 Russia, Akbarov Sergei S.
Published: September 2022

n 2013, Yu.N.~Kuznetsova constructed a duality theory for Moore groups, based on the idea of a continuous envelope of topological algebra and having the advantage over the existing theories that its enveloping category consists of Hopf algebras in the classical sense. Unfortunately, her work contains several errors, due to which her theory can be considered proved only for a narrower class of groups of the form Rn×K×D, where K is a compact group and D a discrete Moore group. In this paper we correct the errors of Kuznetsova's work and prove the validity (up to some specifications in terminology) of her theory for all Moore groups.
Weighted Cuntz algebras
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel, Helmer Leonid , Solel Baruch ,   Department of Mathematics, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
Published: September 2022

We study the C∗-algebra T/K where T is the C∗-algebra generated by d weighted shifts on the Fock space of Cd, F(Cd), (where the weights are given by a sequence {Zk} of matrices Zk∈Mdk(C)) and K is the algebra of compact operators on the Fock space. If Zk=I for every k, T/K is the Cuntz algebra Od. We show that T/K is isomorphic to a Cuntz--Pimsner algebra and use it to find conditions for the algebra to be simple. We present examples of simple and of nonsimple algebras of this type. We also describe the C∗-representations of T/K.
A real analyticity result for symmetric functions of the eigenvalues of a quasiperiodic spectral problem for the Dirichlet Laplacian
Authors:   Dipartimento di Matematica ``Tullio Levi-Civita'', Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, 35121, Italy, Lanza de Cristoforis Massimo , Musolino Paolo ,   Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Universita Ca' Foscari Venezia, Venezia Mestre, 30170, Italy, Taskinen Jari ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
Published: September 2022

As is well known, by the Floquet--Bloch theory for periodic problems, one can transform a spectral Laplace--Dirichlet problem in the plane with a set of periodic perforations into a family of ``model problems'' depending on a parameter η∈[0,2π]2 for quasiperiodic functions in the unit cell with a single perforation. We prove real analyticity results for the eigenvalues of the model problems upon perturbation of the shape of the perforation of the unit~cell.
Ergodic properties of convolution operators
Authors:   Instituto Universitario de Matematicas y Aplicaciones (IMAC), Universidad Jaume I, E-12071, Castellon, Spain, Galindo Jorge , Jorda Enrique ,   Instituto Universitario de Matematica Pura y Aplicada IUMPA, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Plaza Ferrandiz y Carbonell s/n E-03801 Alcoy, Spain
Published: September 2022

Let G be a locally compact group and μ be a measure on G. In this paper we find conditions for the convolution operators λp(μ):Lp(G)→Lp(G) to be mean ergodic and uniformly mean ergodic. The ergodic properties of the operators λp(μ) are related to the ergodic properties of the measure μ as well.
Linear combinations of composition operators with linear symbols on a Hilbert space of Dirichlet series
Authors:   Laboratoire de Mathematiques Blaise Pascal UMR 6620 CNRS, Universite Clermont Auvergne, Campus universitaire des Cezeaux, 3 place Vasarely, 63178 Aubiere Cedex, France, Bayart Frederic , Wang Maofa ,   School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, Yao Xingxing ,   School of Mathematics and Physics, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
Published: September 2022

On the Hilbert space of Dirichlet series with square summable coefficients, we show that the linear combinations of two composition operators induced by linear symbols are compact only when each one of them is compact. Moreover, such rigid behavior holds partially for some more general symbols.
Orbit equivalence of higher-rank graphs
Authors:   Department of Science and Technology, University of the Faroe Islands, Vestara Bryggja 15, FO-100 Torshavn, Faroe Islands, Carlsen Toke Meier , Rout James ,   School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
Published: September 2022

We study the notion of continuous orbit equivalence of finitely-aligned higher-rank graphs. We show that there is a continuous orbit equivalence between two finitely-aligned higher-rank graphs that preserves the periodicity of boundary paths if and only if the boundary path groupoids are isomorphic. We also study eventual one-sided conjugacy of finitely-aligned higher-rank graphs and two-sided conjugacy of row-finite higher-rank graphs.
Interpolating sequences and the Toeplitz--Corona theorem on the symmetrized bidisk
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India, Bhattacharyya Tirthankar , Sau Haripada ,   Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Rd., Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
Published: September 2022

We characterize the interpolating sequences and prove a Toeplitz--Corona theorem in the setting of bounded holomorphic functions on the symmetrized bidisk.
Locally eventually positive operator semigroups
Authors:   Technische Universitaet Dresden, Institut fuer Analysis, Fakultaet fuer Mathematik, 01062 Dresden, Germany, Arora Sahiba
Published: September 2022

We initiate a theory of locally eventually positive operator semigroups on Banach lattices. Intuitively this means: given a positive initial datum, the solution of the corresponding Cauchy problem becomes (and stays) positive in a part of the domain, after a sufficiently large time. A drawback of the present theory of eventually positive C0-semigroups is that it is applicable only when the leading eigenvalue of the semigroup generator has a strongly positive eigenvector. We weaken this requirement and give sufficient criteria for individual and uniform local eventual positivity of the semigroup. This allows us to treat a larger class of examples by giving us more freedom on the domain when dealing with function spaces − for instance, the square of the Laplace operator with Dirichlet boundary conditions on L2 and the Dirichlet bi-Laplacian on Lp-spaces. Besides, we establish various spectral and convergence properties of locally eventually positive semigroups.
Common hypercyclic vectors for unilateral weighted shifts on ℓ2
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, U.S.A., Beros Konstantinos , Larson Paul B. ,   Department of Mathematics, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, U.S.A.
Published: September 2022

Each w∈ℓ∞ defines a bacwards weighted shift Bw:ℓ2→ℓ2. A vector x∈ℓ2 is \textit{hypercyclic} for Bw if the set of forward iterates of x is dense in ℓ2. For each such w, the set HC(w) consisting of all vectors hypercyclic for Bw is Gδ. The set of \textit{common hypercyclic vectors} for a set W⊆ℓ∞ is the set HC∗(W)=⋂w∈WHC(w). We show that HC∗(W) can be made arbitrarily complicated by making W sufficiently complex, and that even for a Gδ set W the set HC∗(W) can be non-Borel. Finally, by assuming the continuum hypothesis or Martin's axiom, we are able to construct a set W such that HC∗(W) does not have the property of Baire.
Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in Urine Samples of Women Attending Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Awka, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: V. Elosiuba N. , F. Obiagwu K. , U. Umeanaeto P. , C. Irikannu K. , L. Onwuachusi G. , E. Obiefule I. , O. Aniefuna C. , B. Chukwubude C. , I. Nzeukwu C.
Published: September 2022

Trichomonas vaginalis is transmitted sexually in humans affecting both male and female genital tracts. A cross sectional study to determine the prevalence of T. vaginalis infection among women attending Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital (COOUTH) Awka, Anambra State was conducted between November 2021 and January 2022.  A total of 200 apparently healthy women between the ages of 19 – 42 years volunteered and participated in the study. The study participants included pregnant and non-pregnant women, married, singles and widows from various occupations. Their urine samples were collected, centrifuged and examined under the microscope within 2 hours of collection. Diagnosis was made by detection of T. vaginalis in the wet preparation of urine deposits. An overall prevalence of 3.0% was observed among the study participants.  Prevalence of T. vaginalis was highest (5.9%) among the age group 25-30 years and no infection was observed among the age group 37-42 years. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of infection among the age groups (P>0.05).  Highest prevalence of 3.2% was observed among pregnant women while the least (2.7%) was observed in non-pregnant women. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of infection between pregnant and non-pregnant groups (P>0.05). The highest prevalence (7.5%) was observed among the students while no infection was observed among the civil servants. There was also no significant difference in the prevalence of infection among the occupational groups (P>0.05).  Married women recorded the highest prevalence (3.3%) and no infection was observed among the widows. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of infection in different marital status (P>0.05).  Asymptomatic T. vaginalis infection is common in pregnant women. Routine screening for this infection during pregnancy is recommended in order to reduce potential adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Conservation of Voluntary Nature Reserves: Physical Characterization of Flora of the Biodiversity Zones of the Zuénoula Sugar Complex (Central West, Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: Boué Voui Bi Bianuvrin Noël , Claude Kouassi Kouadio , Annick Koulibaly , Fodio Kouadio Ange Sonia Colombe , Quentin Kpan Kedin
Published: September 2022

Background: Conservation of voluntary nature reserves: physical characterization of flora of the biodiversity zones of the Zuénoula sugar complex (Central West, Côte d'Ivoire.

Objective: To protect and conserve biodiversity zones of the Zuénoula sugar complex for abundant and sustainable sugar production in Côte d'Ivoire.

Methods: A study of the perimeter boundaries and floristic structure of conservation areas was conducted in vegetation formations consisting of gallery forests, riparian forests and forest islands. The perimeter boundaries were determined by mapping the ecological sites with a GPS. The floristic list was established from surface and itinerant survey methods.

Results: The three ecological sites were delimited and mapped on an area of 139.55 ha. The flora, mostly from the Guinean-Congolese region, was rich in 106 species and dominated by Mesophanerophytes. It belonged mainly to the Caesalpiniaceae, Moraceae and Sterculiaceae families. The gallery forests FG3 and FG5 were the most stable. In addition, all environments were diverse and indicated a uniform distribution of species. Six vulnerable species including Afzeliaafricana and Mallotusoppositus, two Red List species including Miliciaexcelsa and Triplochitonscleroxylon and 41 species of Least Concern including Albiziaadianthifolia and Lanneanigritana were identified.

Conclusion: The ecological reserves of Zuénoula are rich and diversified in plant species. Their implementation allows for the reduction of industrial pollution.
Accuracy of the Postoperative Refractive Prediction in Optical Biometry Versus Ultrasound Biometry in Preoperative Intraocular Lens Power Calculation
Authors: Saad Badr Samar , Al Maria Ahmed Fekry , Hasby Hisham Adel , Shaheen Mohamed Abd El-fattah
Published: September 2022

Background: Contact A-scan ultrasonic biometry is the most frequently utilized technique for determining axial length (AXL). Optical biometry is a technique that utilises partial coherence interferometry to determine ocular biometry parameters. The aim of this research was to compare the efficacy in estimating postoperative refraction by measuring intraocular lens (IOL) power by the optical biometry (IOL Master) and contact A-scan ultrasound plus Bausch & Lomb (B&L) keratometry after phacoemulsification surgery.

Methods: This prospective, comparative, interventional and randomized study involved 40 eyes with uneventful phacoemulsification surgery and in the bag IOL of adult patients with cataract. Subjects were allocated into 2 equal groups: group A: implanted the IOL power estimated by the automated method and group B: implanted the IOL power estimated by the manual method. All patients were subjected to complete ophthalmic examination, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), snellen visual acuity, cycloplegics refraction and slit lamp examination.

Results: The mean predicted error of IOLM was -0.108 ± 0.462 (P= 0.311) in group A and was 0.053 ±1.092 (P= 0.830) in group B, and the Predicted error of A scan was -0.661 ± 0.686 (P= <0.001) in group A which is statistically significant and -0.340 ± 0.972 (P= <0.134) in group B. IOL power measured by IOLM in group A was significantly lower than IOL power measured by A-Scan (p =0.004). While the mean IOL power measured by IOLM in group B was significantly lower than IOL power measured by A-Scan (p =0.008).

Conclusions: The IOL Master accurately assesses the axial length of the lens and thus provides a significantly better prediction of IOL power and thus refractive outcome in cataract surgery than US biometry.
Medical Record Closure Practices of Physicians Before and After the Use of Medical Scribes
Authors: Florig Sarah T. , Corby Sky , Devara Tanuj , Weiskopf Nicole G. , Mohan Vishnu , Gold Jeffrey A.
Published: September 2022

This study uses electronic health record data to evaluate medical record closure outcomes before and after the use of medical scribes at a large academic medical center.
Unveiling the Aging Process of Organic Light‐Emitting Devices with Langevin and Hole Trap‐Assisted Recombination Exciplex Cohosts
Authors: Wang Zhiheng , Song Xiaoxian , Chen Qishen , Liang Jie , Tu Zhengqian , Wang Chenhui , Zhang Zuolun , Bi Hai , Wang Yue
Published: September 2022

Exciplex‐forming cohosts have gained increasing interest due to their promising performances in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Such electroluminescent stabilities of the exciplex cohosts depend on their charge‐carrier recombination. But intrinsic relationships between the recombination schemes and the electrical aging process of the exciplex cohosts are yet to be revealed. In this case, exciplex cohosts with two different recombination schemes, namely trap‐assisted recombination (TAR) and trimolecular Langevin recombination (LR), are compared. The LR‐dominated device achieves T90 lifetime (time to 90% of initial luminance) of ≈8600 h at luminance of 1000 cd m−2, which is >2.3‐time lifetime improvement compared with the hole TAR‐dominated ones. The corresponding degradation analyses confirms that hole carriers in hole TAR‐dominated cohosts are captured by phosphorescent guests, accelerating p‐type cohost deterioration through exciton‐polaron decomposition on susceptible aromatic amine groups, which reveals the electrical aging mechanism of exciplex cohost based devices. Moreover, exciton managements of the recombination region further suppress luminous decline and release undesirable exciton–exciton annihilations. The current findings offer an in situ technique to observe exciton and charge carrier aging processes with different recombination mechanisms and provide a general guidance for the development of highly efficient and long‐lifespan exciplex cohost based OLEDs.
A “One‐Stop Shop” Decision Tree for Diagnosing and Phenotyping Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome on Serum Metabolic Fingerprints
Authors: Wang Ruimin , Gu Zhuowei , Wang Yuan , Yin Xia , Liu Wanshan , Chen Wei , Huang Yida , Wu Jiao , Yang Shouzhi , Feng Lei , Zhou Li , Li Lin , Di Wen , Pu Xiaowen , Huang Lin , Qian Kun
Published: September 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease regulated by metabolic disorders, the effective intervention of which depends on diverse phenotypes (e.g., insulin resistance). Serum metabolic fingerprint (SMF) holds promise in characterizing the pathogenesis stress related to diseases; yet, PCOS diagnosis and phenotyping are time‐consuming and challenging due to the lack of an integrated metabolic tool. Here, a nanoparticle‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry platform is introduced for one‐time serum metabolic fingerprinting and to identify the metabolic heterogeneity associated with obesity in PCOS patients. A decision tree based on the acquired SMFs is constructed, and real‐world simulations on independent internal and external cohorts are performed. The decision tree yields the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) of 0.967 for PCOS diagnosis and AUC of 0.898 for phenotyping, respectively. The technical robustness of the “one‐stop shop” decision tree across laboratories is validated for clinical utility. The decision tree aims to improve PCOS management in comparison to clinical assessment, leading to a potential reduction in multiple blood tests and physician workload.
Near‐Band‐Edge Enhancement in Perovskite Solar Cells via Tunable Surface Plasmons
Authors: Liu Yulin , Lee Seongha , Yin Yifan , Li Mingxing , Cotlet Mircea , Nam Chang‐Yong , Lee Jung‐Kun
Published: September 2022

Plasmonic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using core−shell type plasmonic particles are designed, which possess the plasmon resonance in the near‐infrared range. This can selectively strengthen the interaction of the perovskite layer with low‐energy photons. The mesoporous PSCs employing the plasmonic particles have delivered a 10%–15% enhancement of external quantum efficiency in the plasmonic resonance range. This surface‐plasmonic effect has been analyzed using complementary techniques, including selective wavelength excitation and time‐dependent photoluminescence. It is shown that the metal‐based core−shell‐type plasmonic structures in PSCs optimize the scattering and absorption of incident light and the dynamics of photogenerated carriers. Furthermore, both optical and electronic effects increase the power conversion efficiency of PSCs from 17.49% to 19.88%, paving a way toward controlling the thickness of the photoactive layer for advanced devices such as tandem solar cells.
Vanguard is a Glucose Deprivation‐Responsive Long Non‐Coding RNA Essential for Chromatin Remodeling‐Reliant DNA Repair
Authors: Zhang Ben , Thorne Rick Francis , Zhang Pengfei , Wu Mian , Liu Lianxin
Published: September 2022

Glucose metabolism contributes to DNA damage response pathways by regulating chromatin remodeling, double‐strand break (DSB) repair, and redox homeostasis, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully established. Here, a previously uncharacterized long non‐coding RNA is revealed that is call Vanguard which acts to promote HMGB1‐dependent DNA repair in association with changes in global chromatin accessibility. Vanguard expression is maintained in cancer cells by SP1‐dependent transcription according to glucose availability and cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. Vanguard promotes complex formation between HMGB1 and HDAC1, with the resulting deacetylation of HMGB1 serving to maintain its nuclear localization and DSB repair function. However, Vanguard downregulation under glucose limiting conditions promotes HMGB1 translocation from the nucleus, increasing DNA damage, and compromising cancer cell growth and viability. Moreover, Vanguard silencing increases the effectiveness of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitors against breast cancer cells with wild‐type breast cancer gene‐1 status, suggesting Vanguard as a potential therapeutic target.
A Hybridized Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic Nanogenerator as a Power Supply of Monitoring Sensors for the Ventilation System
Authors: Zheng Fangyan , Zhou Yuxuan , Hu Shuangting , Li Ruonan , Wang Zhong Lin , Wu Zhiyi
Published: September 2022

With the improvement of the airtightness of modern buildings, installing ventilation systems indoors is becoming increasingly important, which works for a long time continuously and needs to be monitored in real‐time. However, the complex wiring of monitoring sensors makes assembly and maintenance more difficult. This work reports a hybridized triboelectric‐electromagnetic nanogenerator (HNG) as a power supply of a self‐powered wireless monitoring system for ventilation systems. The HNG integrates an air inlet cover, a stator with coils and interdigitated copper electrodes, a rotor with magnets, fluorinated ethylene propylene films, and optimized built‐in wind blades. The HNG scavenges wind energy from a ventilation system and serves as a power supply for electric applications. Under the wind speed of 6.5 m s−1 in the ventilation system, the maximum stabilized voltage and maximum instantaneous current of the HNG are 177.5 V and 0.049 A, which can charge smartphones and light up a bulb. Furthermore, the HNG realizes the self‐powered wireless transmission of temperature and humidity sensing nodes. This work demonstrates an effective wind energy harvester, providing an innovative strategy for monitoring the condition of the ventilation system and broadening the thoughts of prospective energy harvesting.
Potentiostatic Reconstruction of Nickel‐Cobalt Hydroxysulfate with Self‐Optimized Structure for Enhancing Energy Storage
Authors: Yang Wang , Zhang Chengxiao , Du Shaoxiong , Jiang Bo , Wang Chaonan , Bai Hengxuan , Li Zhengxuan , Huang Guoyong , Li Yongfeng
Published: September 2022

Transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) are widely used as energy storage materials, however, most studies have neglected the reconstruction process that occurs during the operation. Thus, the intrinsic energy storage mechanism of TMCs and the identification and modulation of the reconstruction process are not adequately investigated. Herein, a proactive modulation strategy for reconstruction kinetics under nonoperating conditions is proposed, and a potentiostatic reconstruction method is developed. The effects of three electrochemical techniques of potentiostatic, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic on reconstruction products are also revealed. Notably, under potentiostatic reconstruction, the needle‐like nickel‐cobalt sulfide precursor is transformed into columnar, polycrystalline, defect‐rich nickel‐cobalt hydroxysulfate (NCHS‐E), and the process is analyzed in detail by in situ and ex situ characterization. NCHS‐E exhibits an excellent electrochemical performance with a specific capacity of 5040 mC cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2 and capacity retention of 67.1% at 50 mA cm−2. Kinetic analysis and theoretical calculations show that NCHS‐E has fast charge transfer ability and low deprotonation energy, indicating a favorable energy storage pathway. This work proves the important potential of reconstruction kinetic modulation to optimize the structure and properties of the products and provides new insights into the mechanism of reconstruction occurrence.
Azulene‐based Hole Transport Materials with Proper Electronic Properties for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Su Yangyang , Li Haoyu , Miao Yawei , Tian Yi , Cheng Ming
Published: September 2022

With the advantages of adjustable structure and energy level, organic small molecules have been attracting much attention as hole transport materials (HTMs). Azulene was widely used in charge transfer materials for organic electronic devices. In this paper, two HTMs (Azu‐TPA and Azu‐OMeTPA) based on azulene core unit were synthesized by concise routes. Both Azu‐TPA and Azu‐OMeTPA demonstrate suitable molecular orbital energy levels as HTMs. Their hole mobility are over 10−4 cm2V−1S−1and conductivity are over 10−4 S cm−1, comparable with that of Spiro‐OMeTAD. Besides, they exhibit good hydrophobicity. Applied in PSCs, moderate power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 15.41% was obtained. These results suggest the potential of azulene as a build block to develop HTMs with desirable electronic properties for perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
Application of Near‐Infrared Fluorescence Imaging in Thrombosis Detection
Authors: Zhang Wen , Li Mengmei , Wang Xin , Li Ping , Tang Bo
Published: September 2022

In recent years, researchers have developed a variety of near infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes to achieve visual detection of thrombotic plaques in vivo. In this review, after clarifying the advantages of NIR probes in sensing thrombus in vivo, the structures and design strategies underlying always‐on and turn‐on NIR thrombus probes are discussed. Subsequently, by summarizing and classifying the biomarkers overexpressed in thrombus, we highlight the recent advances in thrombus NIR fluorescent probes in biomedical applications. Furthermore, specific issues and opportunities in this field are explored at the end of the review, which will facilitate the inventive design of new multifunctional fluorescent probes and actively promote their future clinical translation.
The Renaissance of Organo Nitriles in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Rakshit Amitava , Dhara Hirendra Nath , Sahoo Ashish Kumar , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: September 2022

In the arena of functional group‐oriented organic synthesis, nitrile or cyano functionality is of immense importance. The presence of nucleophilic N‐atom, π‐coordinating ability of the triple bond, and electrophilic C‐center imparts unique and interesting reactivities. Owing to the ability of the nitrile to transform into various other functional groups or intermediates, the chemistry is very rich and diverse. In particular, the involvement of nitrile in numerous organic reactions such as inter‐ or intramolecular alkyne insertion, [2+2+2] cycloaddition with alkynes, [3+2] cycloaddition with azides, [4+2] cycloaddition with dienes allow the synthesis of many important carbo‐ and heterocycles. Furthermore, the nitrile serves as a directing group in many C−H bond functionalization reactions to introduce diverse functionalities and participate as a radical acceptor in radical cascade strategies to obtain a large variety of functional molecules. This review mainly focuses on the reactivity and diverse synthetic application of the nitrile including C−H bond functionalization, alkyne insertion, cycloaddition, and thermal or photochemical cascade strategy. The objective of the current review aims at bringing out the striking collection of various nitrile‐triggered organic transformations.
A Self‐Standing Flexible Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Dendrite‐Free Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: George Sweta Mariam , Sampath S. , Bhattacharyya Aninda J.
Published: September 2022

We discuss here a self‐standing and flexible homogeneous amorphous gel polymer electrolyte (abbreviated as LiGPE) as an alternative electrolyte for lithium‐metal batteries. The LiGPE, comprises of a large volume of liquid lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) salt in tetra ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) electrolyte confined inside in situ synthesized network of acrylonitrile and acrylate, which is poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate or PEGMEMA. The glyme‐based liquid electrolyte in the LiGPE discussed here, which is completely devoid of ionic liquids, essentially plays the role of a plasticizer. The LiGPE exhibits high room temperature ionic conductivity (2.3 mS cm−1), high lithium‐transference number of approximately 0.6, good thermal stability (155 °C) and excellent electrochemical properties. At varying current densities, it facilitates a dendrite free plating and de‐plating of lithium across its interface for long periods of time. The high oxidative stability against lithium (Li) up to 5.3 V strongly suggests that it will provide a safer operating Li‐metal battery compared to conventional liquid electrolytes. The LiGPE, when assembled in Li‐metal cell comprising of Li‐metal anode and Li‐ion insertion cathode material (LiFePO4, LFP), demonstrated excellent stability and delivered 90 % of theoretical capacity when cycled over 100 cycles. We discuss here a self‐standing and flexible homogeneous amorphous gel polymer electrolyte (abbreviated as LiGPE) as an alternative electrolyte for lithium‐metal batteries. The gel shows superior interfacial properties with lithium (Li) metal, supressing dendritic growth and enhancing Li‐ion transference number (0.64). The high oxidative stability against Li up to 5.3 V strongly suggests that it will provide a safer operating Li‐metal battery. The LiGPE, comprises of a large volume of liquid lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) salt in tetra ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) electrolyte confined inside in‐situ synthesized network of acrylonitrile and acrylate, which is poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate or PEGMEMA. The glyme‐based liquid electrolyte in the LiGPE discussed here, which is completely devoid of ionic liquids, essentially plays the role of a plasticizer, enhancing the ionic conductivity (2.3 mS cm−1) without compromising with the mechanical stability or thermal stability (155 °C) of GPE.
Formative quizzes in the learning of sensors and transducers: Online vs. paper based
Authors: Gurkan Serkan , Cigdem Harun
Published: September 2022

In some previous research studies, quite successful results have been obtained in using online tools to increase students' academic achievement. In many fields; the benefits of online formative quizzes have been widely recognized by educators. However, there is little research determining whether weekly formative online exams affect students' academic achievement, especially in engineering courses. In this quasi‐experimental study, it was investigated whether the weekly quiz application method had an effect on students' academic achievement in an engineering course. One hundred and ninety sophomores participated in the study. Although the experimental group (n = 81) used the quizzes prepared on the Course Portal online to learn the Sensors and Transducers Unit, the control group (n = 109) solved the quizzes in the textbook on a paper‐pencil basis. After the online quizzes were solved, the experimental group was given which questions they answered incorrectly and the related video link of these incorrectly answered questions, and the relevant section of the book was given by the Course Portal as feedback. The pretest and posttest data of the students were obtained, and analysis of covariance was utilized as the analysis method to reveal the answer to the study question. The statistical analysis of the students' average achievement scores in the posttest (midterm exam) showed that the experimental group's average achievement score was significantly better than the control group. Results show that online weekly exams have significant effects on students' academic achievement. Weekly online quizzes are recommended to engineering lecturers as they offer students to improve their students' academic success.
Influencing the Product Distribution in Citral Hydrogenation Using Ionic Liquid Modified Cu Catalysts
Authors: Naicker Letisha , Schörner Markus , Kremitzl Daniel , Friedrich Holger B. , Haumann Marco , Wasserscheid Peter
Published: September 2022

This work shows the effect of selected ionic liquids on the catalytic performance of a Cu/Al2O3 catalyst towards citral hydrogenation. The Cu/Al2O3 was prepared using a combination of wet impregnation and strong electrostatic interaction technique. The catalyst was coated with three ionic liquids, namely: [C4C1Pyrr][OTf], [C2C1C1Im][NTf2], and [C2C1Im][NTf2] resulting in Cu‐based SCILL catalysts (solid catalyst with an ionic liquid layer). The fresh and used SCILL catalysts were characterized using FT‐IR spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis. All Cu‐SCILL catalysts were stable throughout the liquid‐phase reactions with no leaching of ionic liquid being detectable by means of TGA. All ionic liquids investigated prevented the formation of undesired isopulegol compared to the 30 % isopulegol selectivity obtained over the bare Cu/Al2O3 catalyst. The Cu‐SCILL (coated with 15 wt% [C2C1Im][NTf2]) increased the selectivity towards geraniol and nerol by 340 %.
SMM Behaviour of the Butterfly {CrIII2DyIII2} Pivalate Complex and Magneto‐structurally Correlated Relaxation Thermal Barrier
Authors: Mecchia Ortiz Juan H. , Cabrosi Daiana , Carrella Luca M. , Rentschler Eva , Alborés Pablo
Published: September 2022

We are reporting the synthesis, single‐crystal X‐ray structure characterization, and magnetic property investigations of the pivalate butterfly {CrIII2LnIII2} complexes with Ln= Gd and Dy and the isostructural Y(III) sample. We found an anti‐ferromagnetic Cr(III)‐Ln(III) exchange interaction, which, as previously observed in related Cr(III)/Ln(III) systems, plays a key role in suppressing quantum tunnelling of magnetization and enhances the SMM performance in the Dy(III) complex. In fact, a pure Orbach relaxation mechanism, with absence of QT regime, is observed with a thermal barrier of 50 cm−1, leading to magnetization hysteresis opening, measured with a commercial magnetometer, up to 3.6 K with a coercive field of 2.9 T. Analysis of SMM behaviour in literature‐known butterfly {CrIII2DyIII2} complexes, reveals the existence of a magneto‐structural correlation between Ueff, the thermal barrier size, and the mean Cr−Dy bond distances. Moreover, a clear correlation is found for the thermal barrier magnitude and the maximum temperature hysteresis opening and coercive field.
Colloidal Stability of TiO2 Nanoparticles: The Roles of Phosphonate Ligand Length and Solution Temperature
Authors: Yamashita Shohei , Sudo Tatsuya , Kamiya Hidehiro , Okada Yohei
Published: September 2022

Invited for the cover of this issue are Dr. Shohei Yamashita, Tatsuya Sudo, Prof. Dr. Hidehiro Kamiya, and Prof. Dr. Yohei Okada at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology. The image depicts the role of phosphonate ligand length in the colloidal stability of TiO2 nanoparticles. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202201560.
Determination of chiral bioactive molecules in Justicia adhatoda leaves by GC–MS
Authors: Das Anuradha , Ghosh Shyamasree
Published: September 2022

Chiral compounds find importance as drugs and therapeutic targets. Enantiomers of chiral drugs have been found to show different biological properties like pharmacokinetics, toxicology, pharmacology, metabolism, and so forth. In this study, we have identified the chiral compounds present in the medicinal plant Adhatoda vasica Nees (Justicia adhatoda Linn). Phytochemical investigation on the leaves of Justicia adhatoda resulted in the identification of 27 chiral compounds. We report diverse compounds identified in the crude methanolic extract of Justicia adhatoda leaves by GC–MS analysis exhibiting diverse biological activities. Quantitative analysis of anticancer compound dihydroxycolchicine from the methanolic extract of J. adhatoda leaves was done by external standard method, and the amount of anticancer compound dihydroxycolchicine was found to be 87.823 mg/l indicative of moderate production in the leaves. Therefore, the extract of leaves of Justicia adhatoda can be used as a potential source of chiral bioactive molecules of pharmacological importance for drug synthesis.
Volles Programm für Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Rübberdt Kathrin
Published: September 2022

Nach einem Online‐Intermezzo sind die Dechema‐ und ProcessNet‐Jahrestagungen zurück – diesmal international und aktuell wie selten. Unter dem Titel “(Bio)Process Engineering – a Key to Sustainable Development” treffen sich Verfahrenstechniker, Chemieingenieure und Biotechnologen vom 12. bis 15. September 2022 in Aachen.
Beurteilung und Retrofit von Bestandsanlagen
Authors: Saling Carlo
Published: September 2022

Zum Schutz von Personen, die in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen arbeiten, stellen die ATEX‐Richtlinien grundlegende Explosionsschutz‐Anforderungen auf. Rembe als Spezialist für konstruktiven Explosionsschutz berät und macht aus Bestandsanlagen explsionssicher.
Betriebsreinigung in der Baustoffproduktion
Authors: Truderung Udo
Published: September 2022

Die ETEX Building Performance die in Böhlen bei Leipzig ein Werk für die Gipskartonproduktion betreibt, hat mehrere mobile Sauger gegen eine zentrale Absauganlage ausgetauscht – und sieht in dieser Lösung deutliche Vorteile.
QR‐Codes für Tierfuttersäcke
Authors:   Antoinette Aufdermauer
Published: September 2022

Für unterschiedlichste Ansprüche bietet die Schaumann aus dem österreichischen Taufkirchen erstklassiges Tierfutter an. Damit im Stall nichts verwechselt werden kann, werden alle Futtersäcke noch vor der Befüllung mit zahlreichen Produktinformationen sowie ein‐ und zweidimensionalen Codes gekennzeichnet.
SCCR für Schaltanlagen in – Nordamerika
Authors: Busse Reiner
Published: September 2022

Der National Electrical Code(NEC) schreibt die Dokumentation des möglichen Kurzschlussstroms am Aufstellungsort von Schaltschränken vor. Geprüfte Kombinationen aus Reihenklemmen und Leistungsschaltern vereinfachen den Einsatz von modernen Schutzgeräten und vermeiden teure Umbauten.
Multimode process monitoring strategy based on improved just‐in‐time‐learning associated with locality preserving projections
Authors: Guo Qingxiu , Xu Peng , Wang Honghai , Liu Jianchang
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a multimode process monitoring strategy based on improved just‐in‐time‐learning associated with locality preserving projections (IJITL‐LPP) is proposed. First, raw data are projected into the feature space using locality preserving projections (LPP). Second, IJITL searches for similar samples of the query sample in the feature space by introducing a variational inference Gaussian mixture model (VIGMM). Finally, the new statistic named average distance is created to complete process monitoring. In the IJITL, the introduced VI can automatically determine the number of modes, thereby accelerating the efficiency of selecting similar samples. In the process monitoring phase, the average distance can reduce the impact of different mode dispersion on fault detection. In addition, LPP can render the model less sensitive to outliers. Compared with principal component analysis (PCA), LPP, K nearest neighbour rules, Gaussian mixture model (GMM), K‐means based‐PCA, and just‐in‐time‐learning (JITL)‐based LPP, the proposed method has better performance in a numerical case, the Tennessee Eastman process, and the semiconductor etching process.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Oral Brepocitinib in Healthy Volunteers and Patients
Authors: Hughes Jim H. , Qiu Ruolun , Banfield Christopher , Dowty Martin E. , Nicholas Timothy
Published: September 2022

Brepocitinib is a tyrosine kinase 2 and Janus kinase 1 inhibitor in development for treatment of inflammatory autoimmune diseases. This analysis aimed to add to the pharmacokinetic knowledge of the medication, through development of a population pharmacokinetic model and identification of factors that affect drug disposition. Plasma samples from 5 clinical trials were collated, composed of healthy volunteers, patients with psoriasis and patients with alopecia areata taking oral brepocitinib. NONMEM was used to develop a population pharmacokinetic model, and patient demographics were tested as covariates. The final model was a 1‐compartment model with first‐order absorption. The typical values for apparent clearance and apparent volume of distribution were 18.7 L/h (78% coefficient of variation [CV]) and 136 L (60.5% CV), respectively. Absorption was rapid with an absorption constant of 3.46 h, with an absorption lag of 0.24 hours observed with the oral tablet formulation. The proportional residual error was found to be 52.7% CV in healthy volunteers and 87.5% CV in patients. High‐fat meals were associated with a reduction in both the rate (69.9% lower) and extent (28.3% lower) of absorption, while Asian populations had reduced clearance (24.3% lower). Nonlinear pharmacokinetics were observed at doses of 175 mg and above, with a 35.1% higher relative bioavailability at these doses. There were insufficient data to describe this nonlinearity as a continuous relationship. This initial description of the population pharmacokinetics will act as a foundation for the model‐informed drug development of brepocitinib and will facilitate future modeling of this medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov numbers NCT02310750 NCT03236493 NCT03656952 NCT02969018 NCT02974868.