bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of the green bonds market for financing eco-projects in Russia
Authors: Koniagina Mariia
Published: February 2023

The problem of financing "green" projects is a relatively new and at the same time demanded area of development in practice. Since the Russian green bond market is in its infancy, it was decided to determine the development vector of this segment by constructively summarizing and evaluating the accumulated experience of a few green bond issues in Russia. Focusing on the Russian green finance market, the author summarized the experience gained from several issues of green bonds and determined the development vector for this segment of the stock market. The size of the Russian green finance market imposes serious restrictions on the use of mathematical and econometric tools to study its development, which did not become an obstacle to the analysis of practical data on the issuance of green bonds. This became possible thanks to access to information provided by Cbonds.ru and content analysis of the publications and reports. The study focuses on government approaches to support the development of the domestic green bond market, which stimulates its further development. The author highlights the attractive and vulnerable places of individual emission projects. The study complements the results of relatively few domestic and foreign studies on the financing of environmental projects and is of practical importance, generalizing the methods for attracting and stimulating financing for "green" projects.
On one approach to choosing unloading stations according to egalitarian principles in transport-type optimization problems
Authors: Bogachev Victor , Zadorozhniy Vyacheslav , Kravets Alexandra , Bogachev Taras , Trapenov Vladimir
Published: February 2023

A multi-agent approach has been developed for solving the optimization transport-type problems. As an object of application, a multimodal system of transportation of grain cargoes with cost indicators is considered. The egalitarian principles of welfare theory implemented in the form of the Pareto criterion are used as the methodological basis of the research. A significant role belongs to the mathematical experiment as an effective tool for simulation modeling. The optimization algorithm developed in a mathematically oriented software environment makes it possible to effectively manipulate the values of cost indicators and constraints in the problem.
Digitalisation in engineering education: practice challenges and opportunities
Authors: Evtushenko Oksana , Toporkova Olga , Kokhashvili Natalia , Yankina Elena
Published: February 2023

Digitalisation is the current tendency of modern life. It touches upon various spheres of society. This article contributes to this issue undertaking engineering education practice challenges and opportunities. The article aims at developing new insights: 1) by evaluating the importance of digitalization for the educational process, 2) by introducing the theory and methodology of digital transformation of engineering education, 3) by illustrating the implementation of digital tools in engineering practice. The following theoretical methods were used in the study: a method of theoretical analysis, method of generalisation of accumulated experience, survey method, and predictive methods (forecasting), also empirical research methods: observation, modeling, abstraction, comparison, and analysis of the results of students' educational activities. The article describes the successful experience of using digital technologies on the basis of the Department of Foreign Languages, and the analysis of the practice of using digital tools at Volgograd State Technical University. This approach makes a great contribution into revealing challenges and perspectives of engineering education, stimulating its transition from research to practice.
Dynamic programming methods for modelling the target distribution matrix in pursuit tasks
Authors: Dubanov Alexander , Tashkane Aleksandr , Subanakov Georgy
Published: February 2023

In this paper we consider modelling a matrix describing the process of group pursuit for a set of goals. The matrix reflects the number of opposing parties, namely the number of pursuers and the number of goals. Each cell of such matrix is a structured variable, which contains information about predicted time of jthtarget achievement by ithpursuer. From the finite set of pursuers distribution by aims, the one which provides minimal value of criterion among permissible values of times of achievement of aims by pursuers, is chosen. The admissible criteria are the maximal time of pursuers' achievement of goals for each distribution of pursuers according to the goals.
Motivation as a necessary condition for learning in the age of digitalization
Authors: Krasnova Evgenia , Masalova Marina , Shelkovnikova Svetlana
Published: February 2023

The article discusses the features of the digitalization of the educational process, which includes the use of interactive teaching methods, and the transition to individualization, which contributes to the effectiveness of this process. The authors analyze the features of motivated learning and its dependence on modern digital technologies, highlight the characteristic features and types of motivation in the context of digital education, and show patterns of changes in motivation during the development of modern technologies. The article gives a characteristic of integrative, instrumental, as well as global, situational and problematic motivation, defines the basis of external and internal motivation. Particular attention is paid to the development of students' motivation in distance learning of foreign languages, including translation disciplines. The article defines the features of a motivated student, presents the factors for the formation of external motivation, and also highlights ways to maintain the attractiveness of educational work. Results showed that the introduction of digital technologies makes it possible to increase the interest and motivation of students in learning and contributes to the expansion of communication opportunities. At the same time, motivation is an important component of training specialists in any field.
Computational intelligence for the internet of things
Authors: Chetyrbok Petr , Oleinikov Nikolay , Mayorova Angela , Gorobets Daniel , Ponomareva Elena , Sergeeva Elena
Published: February 2023

The paper considers the classification of computational intelligence methods and their further development with the use of hybrid technologies for managing the Internet of things. The new paradigm of the Internet of Things allows the use of various objects in a wider range of tasks. In healthcare, devices are being developed for many purposes, such as monitoring patients to help them cope with chronic illnesses, recover from injuries, or prevent strokes. Thus, in order to realize a dynamic new generation technology, corresponding to the new paradigm of the "Internet of Things", it is proposed to use machine-learning algorithms in hybrid technology, which will make it possible not only to protect confidential patient data, but also to analyze them and make assumptions.
Sustainable development of the impact of cultural marginality in information technology on student youth as a way of social adaptation
Authors: Polyakova Olga , Basina Natalia , Al-Shahdani Sufyan Adnan Hamid
Published: February 2023

The article defines the main characteristics, functions of the media, the Internet environment presented by various authors, the team of authors and research schools. It is justified that the Internet environment has the greatest influence and sustainable development on the cultural marginality of student youth in the context of information technologies of communication as a way of social adaptation. Various processes and models affecting the marginalization of young people in modern Russia analyzed. This article also examined in the author's sociological study the sources of influence of cultural marginality in the media. The influence of the media on the marginalization of young people in the modern period of the development of Russian society is considered. The article concludes that the Internet as a means of social mass communication is a relevant and very popular media, which dictated by the conditions of the information society and the requirements of professional and socio-cultural activities of specialists in various fields and ordinary users for personal purposes; attracts with its interactivity. The results of the author's sociological study summarized. It established that the social process as sustainable development of cultural marginality through communication information technologies caused by the fact that through individual television programs it is possible to analyze the socially disapproving behavior of young people in modern Russia, to develop the necessary recommendations to reduce the scale of this phenomenon.
Optimality conditions and duality results for a robust bi-level programming problem
Authors: Saini Shivani , Kailey Navdeep , Ahmad Izhar
Published: February 2023

Robust bi-level programming problems are a newborn branch of optimization theory. In this study, we have considered a bi-level model with constraint-wise uncertainty at the upper-level, and the lower-level problem is fully convex. We use the optimal value reformulation to transform the given bi-level problem into a single-level mathematical problem and the concept of robust counterpart optimization to deal with uncertainty in the upper-level problem. Necessary optimality conditions are beneficial because any local minimum must satisfy these conditions. As a result, one can only look for local (or global) minima among points that hold the necessary optimality conditions. Here we have introduced an extended non-smooth robust constraint qualification (RCQ) and developed the KKT type necessary optimality conditions in terms of convexifactors and subdifferentials for the considered uncertain two-level problem. Further, we establish as an application the robust bi-level Mond-Weir dual (MWD) for the considered problem and produce the duality results. Moreover, an example is proposed to show the applicability of necessary optimality conditions.
Percutaneous femoral de-rotational varus osteotomy for the treatment of acetabular dysplasia: surgical technique
Authors: Jahmani Rami , Audat Ziad Ali , Alanazi Abdualaziz Z , Lovisetti Giovanni
Published: February 2023

Pediatric acetabular dysplasia is common in orthopedic practice. Femoral de-rotational varus osteotomy (FDVO) is one of the surgical options suggested for treatment. In this article, we describe a simplified surgical technique of performing FDVO percutaneously using a pediatric Limb Reconstruction System external fixator, and we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the technique.
Diagnose und Therapie gastrointestinaler Blutungen
Authors: Mahnken Andreas H.
Published: February 2023

Gastrointestinale Blutungen sind komplexe Krankheitsgeschehen mit einer jährlichen Inzidenz von bis zu 100/100 000 Personen, die mit einer Mortalität von etwa 10% einhergehen. Jenseits der Endoskopie sind die kontrastangehobene CT und die interventionell-radiologische Therapie zentrale Bestandteile leitliniengerechter Diagnose- und Therapiealgorithmen.
Lichen Planus After Denosumab
Authors: Höppner Jakob , Susok Laura , Gambichler Thilo , Grasemann Corinna
Published: February 2023

Lichenoid reactions have been described as a side effect of several drugs. Here
we describe the development of lichen planus (LP) of the mammilla following
off-label use of denosumab in an adolescent patient with mono-ostotic fibrous
dysplasia. Lichen planus is considered an autoimmune disorder. Since receptor
activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand (RANKL), the target of
denosumab action, has regulatory function in the immune system, it is feasible,
that LP may be caused as part of an immunological dysregulation.
Thoraxdrainage beim Thoraxtrauma – Empfehlungen der interdisziplinären Arbeitsgemeinschaft Thoraxtrauma der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie (DGT) und der Deutschen
Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie (DGU)
Authors: Becker Lars , Schulz-Drost Stefan , Schreyer Christof , Lindner Sebastian
Published: February 2023

Die Anlage einer Thoraxdrainage ist zwar grundsätzlich eine einfache, aber oft lebensrettende Notfallmaßnahme. Trotz der Häufigkeit der Prozedur zeigen sich jedoch Unsicherheiten im Umgang
mit daraus resultierend hoher Komplikationsrate. Für alle Beteiligten stellt sowohl die Diagnostik, die Indikationsstellung und die Anlage selbst, wie auch das nachfolgende Management der
Drainage eine wiederkehrende Herausforderung dar. Die Unter-AG Lungenverletzung der interdisziplinären AG (Arbeitsgemeinschaft) Thoraxtrauma der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie
(DGT) und Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie (DGU) erarbeitete konsensuelle Behandlungsempfehlungen basierend auf einer Systematic-Review-like Literaturrecherche (MEDLINE via PubMed
von 1997 bis 2022). Mit der aktuell vorliegenden Recherche konnten 60 repräsentative Arbeiten identifiziert werden, die Empfehlungen zulassen, jedoch meist nur einen niedrigen Evidenzgrad
aufweisen. Die Empfehlungen sind nicht mit Evidenzgraden hinterlegt, sondern haben zunächst Konsenscharakter.

Für den instabilen Patienten mit Thoraxtrauma stellt die Thoraxdrainage das Mittel der Wahl zur Entlastung eines Pneumothorax oder Hämatothorax dar. Beim Spannungspneumothorax sollte eine
initiale Entlastungspunktion mit einer mindestens 5 cm langen Kanüle, gefolgt von der Anlage einer Thoraxdrainage erfolgen. Diagnostik und Beurteilung des Patienten sollten primär und im
Verlauf durch die klinische Untersuchung, eine Röntgenuntersuchung des Thorax sowie eine Thoraxsonografie erfolgen, Goldstandard der Diagnostik ist jedoch die Computertomografie (CT). Beim
kreislaufstabilen Patienten soll eine kleinlumige Drainage (z. B. 14 Charrière [Charr]) verwendet werden, instabile Patienten sollten eine großlumige Drainage erhalten. Thoraxdrainagen
besitzen eine hohe Komplikationsrate zwischen 5% und 25%. Häufig sind insbesondere Fehlpositionierungen im Rahmen der Anlage. Eine Fehllage kann jedoch meist nur im CT sicher erkannt oder
ausgeschlossen werden. Eine Therapie sollte mit mildem Sog erfolgen, ein Abklemmen vor Entfernung ist nicht zielführend. Der Drainagenzug kann sowohl am Ende der Inspiration oder Exspiration
sicher erfolgen. Zur Verringerung der hohen Komplikationsrate sollte vermehrt der Fokus auf die Ausbildung und das Training der Anwender gelegt werden.
Analyse der krankheitsbedingten Fehltage von Soldatinnen und Soldaten
der Bundeswehr von 2008 bis 2018 Teil 1: Retrospektive Analyse mit Vergleich zur
Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung
Authors: Dierich Andreas , Schmidt Kristin , Lison Andreas , Schulze Christoph , Schmeil Melanie , Löffler Christin , Altiner Attila
Published: February 2023

Hintergrund Krankheitsbedingten Fehltagen kommen sowohl in der Bundeswehr
als auch im zivilen Bereich eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Ziel dieser Studie

ist es, dass zu krankheitsbedingten Fehltagen führende
Krankheitsgeschehen bei SoldatInnen im Vergleich zu erwerbstätigen
Mitgliedern der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung zu analysieren.

Methode Es werden entsprechend der Systematik der Gesetzlichen
Krankenversicherungen die Kennzahlen zur Arbeitsunfähigkeit im Zeitraum
2008–2018 alters- und geschlechtsstandardisiert berechnet. Ebenso werden
die TOP 20 ICD-10 Diagnosen nach AU-Tagen im Analysezeitraum ermittelt, sowie
deren durchschnittliche jährliche Veränderungsraten
berechnet.

Ergebnisse Der Krankenstand bei SoldatInnen liegt mit jährlichen
Raten zwischen 1,5–2,3% unter dem der GKV
(3,1–5,0%). Die Krankheitsdauer (AU-Tage je Fall)
beträgt in der Bundeswehr jährlich zwischen 9,0–15,6
Tagen gegenüber der GKV mit 10,9–14,4 Tagen. Die
Krankheitshäufigkeit (AU-Fälle je 100 Personen) ist in der
Bundeswehr mit 48,2–75,0 Fällen niedriger als in der GKV mit
96,8–131,0 Fällen. Die meisten Fehltage werden bei SoldatInnen
durch „Atemwegsinfektionen (J06)“ mit 13,2%,
„Belastungsreaktionen (F43)“ mit 8,7%, „Sonstige
infektiöse Gastroenteritis und Kolitis (A09)“ mit 6,5%,
„Rückenschmerzen (M54)“ mit 4,4% sowie
„Depressive Episode (F32)“ mit 4,0% aller Fehltage
verursacht und sind vergleichbar mit der GKV. „Depressive Episode
(F32)“, „Verletzungen (T14)“,
„Belastungsreaktionen (F43)“, „Atemwegsinfektionen
(J06)“ und „Schwangerschaftsbeschwerden (O26)“ weisen
die höchsten Steigerungsraten mit+6,1%
bis+3,6% der AU-Tage auf.

Schlussfolgerungen Der im Vergleich zur GKV niedrigere Krankenstand bei
Soldatinnen und Soldaten ist, bei ähnlicher Krankheitsdauer und
ähnlichem Krankheitsgeschehen, im Wesentlichen durch eine niedrigere
Krankheitshäufigkeit bedingt, bei jedoch insgesamt steigenden Tendenzen.
Die, bezogen auf die Fehltage überdurchschnittlich ansteigenden ICD-10
Diagnosen „Depressive Episode (32)“, „Verletzungen
(T14)“, „Belastungsreaktionen (F43)“,
„Atemwegsinfektionen (J06)“ und
„Schwangerschaftsbeschwerden (O26)“ bedürfen
weitergehender Analysen. Erstmals konnte ein Vergleich des Krankenstands von
SoldatInnen mit dem der Allgemeinbevölkerung in Deutschland
durchgeführt werden. Dieser Ansatz erscheint vielversprechend, um
z. B. Hypothesen und Ideen zur Weiterentwicklung der
Gesundheitsversorgung zu generieren und sollte weiterverfolgt werden.
Die chirurgische Therapie der Fibrösen
Dysplasie
Authors: Kurth Andreas
Published: February 2023

Die fibröse Dysplasie ist eine seltene Knochenerkrankung mit einem
breiten klinischen Spektrum von Erscheinungsformen bei Erwachsenen und Kindern.
Die komplexe Veränderung des Knochens führt bei Kindern sehr
häufig zu Frakturen und Deformitäten und im Erwachsenenalter zu
chronischen, belastungsabhängigen Schmerzen. Trotz der Fortschritte im
Verständnis der Pathogenese der Fibrösen Dysplasie ist ihre
Behandlung nicht klar und immer noch umstritten. In den letzten drei Jahrzehnten
hat es sowohl bei den chirurgischen als auch bei den medikamentösen
Behandlungsmöglichkeiten Fortschritte gegeben. Das Ziel der Therapie
muss es sein, Deformitäten, Frakturen und chronische Schmerzen zu
vermeiden. In der Vergangenheit wurde die Fibröse Dysplasie
ausschließlich chirurgisch behandelt, hauptsächlich durch eine
Kürettage der Läsionen. Eine autologe Knochentransplantation hat
sich als wenig erfolgreich herausgestellt, hingegen die Verwendung von allogenen
kortikalen Spänen scheint vorteilhaft zu sein. Die Verwendung von
intramedullären Osteosynthesen ist gegenüber Platten- und
Schraubenosteosynthesen zu bevorzugen. Die Behandlung jedes Patienten muss
individuell nach Rücksprache mit dem Patienten gestaltet werden.
Antiresorptive Therapien haben in kleineren Untersuchungen Vorteile in Bezug auf
Knochenschmerz und Frakturen erbracht.
Serum Progesterone is Negatively Associated with Hypertension and Blood Pressure Indicators Among Men and Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Shi Jiayu , Wei Dandan , Wang Lulu , Xu Qingqing , Wang Juan , Ma Cuicui , Geng Jintian , Zhao Mengzhen , Huo Wenqian , Linlin Li , Wang Chongjian , Fan Caini , Mao Zhenxing
Published: February 2023

Sex hormones have been shown to be negatively associated with hypertension, but the relationship between serum progesterone levels and hypertension has not been adequately studied. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between progesterone and hypertension among Chinese rural adults. A total of 6222 participants were recruited, which included 2577 men and 3645 women. The concentration of serum progesterone was detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer system (LC-MS/MS). Logistic regression and linear regression were used to assess the associations between progesterone levels and hypertension and blood pressure related indicators, respectively. Constrained splines were used to fit the dose-response relationships of progesterone with hypertension and blood pressure related indicators. Moreover, the interactive effects of several lifestyle factors and progesterone were identified by a generalized linear model. After fully adjusting the variables, progesterone levels were inversely associated with hypertension in men [odds ratio (OR): 0.851, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.752, 0.964]. Among men, a 2.738 ng/ml increase in progesterone was associated with a 0.557 mmHg decrease in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (95% CI: –1.007, –0.107) and a 0.541 mmHg decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (95% CI: –1.049, –0.034), respectively. Similar results were observed in postmenopausal women. Interactive effect analysis showed that only a significant interaction was observed between progesterone and educational attainment on hypertension in premenopausal women (p=0.024). Elevated levels of serum progesterone were associated with hypertension in men. Except for premenopausal women, a negative association of progesterone with blood pressure related indicators was observed.
Prolactin is a Key Factor for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Children
Authors: Zhang Jianwei , Guan Jieqiong , Tang Xiaoli , Xu Jinliang
Published: February 2023

This study investigates whether serum prolactin (PRL) is a key factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children. A total of 691 obese childred participated in this study and were divided into a NAFLD group (n=366) and simple obesity (SOB) group (n=325) according to the hepatic ultrasound results. The two groups were matched for gender, age, pubertal development, and body mass index (BMI). All patients underwent an OGTT test, and fasting blood samples were collected to measure prolactin. Stepwise logistic regression was performed to identify significant predictors of NAFLD. Serum prolactin levels were significantly lower in NAFLD subjects than in the SOB subjects [82.4 (56.36, 118.70) vs. 99.78 (63.89, 153.82), p<0.001] (mIU/l). NAFLD was strongly associated with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and prolactin, with lower levels of prolactin increasing the risk of NAFLD (adjusted ORs=1.741; 95% CI: 1.059–2.860) across the prolactin concentration tertiles after adjustment for confounders. Low serum prolactin levels are associated with the presence of NAFLD; thus, increased circulating prolactin might be a compensatory response for obesity in children.
New Paradigms in Catalysis Inspired by Cytochromes P450
Authors: Gao Yanqun , Cheng Lu , Han Wei , Shi Wei , Ouyang Yuejun
Published: February 2023

Cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) are versatile biocatalysts capable of realizing a broad range of synthetically challenging reactions. The development of synthetic catalysts/catalytic systems that model enzyme functions is a goal that has long been pursued. In this account, we mainly summarize our latest advances in the field of catalysis inspired by cytochromes P450, including reductive activation strategies for highly efficient oxidations and an unusual l-cystine-derived ligand as a model of P450s for highly efficient iron-catalyzed undirected arene C–H hydroxylation. These new paradigms highlight some of the catalytic properties of P450s, such as effective late-stage functionalization of complex targets, good reactive functional group tolerance, and high catalytic efficiency and selectivity.

1 Introduction

2 Reductive Activation Strategies for Oxygenation

3 An Fe/Cysteine-Based Ligand as a Biomimetic Model of Cytochromes P450 for Arene C–H Hydroxylation

4 Conclusion
Idiopathische epiretinale Membranen – Pathophysiologie, Klassifikationen und OCT-Biomarker
Authors: Englmaier Verena Anna , Storp Jens Julian , Dierse Sebastian , Eter Nicole , Al-Nawaiseh Sami
Published: February 2023

Epiretinale Membranen (ERM) sind ein häufig auftretender Untersuchungsbefund bei Patienten mit steigendem Alter. Diagnostik und Therapie der ERM haben sich in den letzten Jahren aufgrund des technischen Fortschritts in der ophthalmologischen Versorgung stark gewandelt. Kohärenztomografische Untersuchungen erlauben die exakte Darstellung von ERM und haben zum wachsenden Verständnis um die Pathophysiologie dieses komplexen Krankheitsbildes beigetragen. Die hier durchgeführte Literaturrecherche fasst kürzliche Neuerungen in Diagnostik, Klassifikation und Therapie der idiopathischen ERM zusammen und geht insbesondere auf neuartige Biomarker in der optischen Kohärenztomografie (OCT) ein, welche die Erstellung von Prognosen bez. des klinischen, postoperativen Outcomes ermöglichen.
Improved Total Synthesis of 1,3,6-Trigalloyl-β-d-glucose from Glucose
Authors: Charette André B. , Pauvert Yann , Gaudreault Roger
Published: February 2023

A total synthesis of the naturally occurring 1,3,6-trigalloyl-β-d-glucose is reported. The highlights of the synthesis include a regioselective benzylation of levoglucosan, followed by a 1,6-ring opening via acetolysis. Galloyl substituents were introduced via esterification, and the mixture of anomers obtained could be fully converted into the targeted β-anomer via selective hydrazinolysis followed by activation of the anomeric position by a trichloroacetimidate of the 1′-anomeric hydroxyl group. 1,3,6-Trigalloyl-β-d-glucose and its synthetic α-anomer were obtained in an overall yield of 31% and 22%, respectively, from levoglucosan or in an overall yield of 37% of the β-isomer exclusively by recycling the α-isomer.
Pd/C Catalyzed Dehalogenation of (Hetero)aryls Using Triethyl­silane as Hydrogen Donor
Authors: Jouffroy Matthieu , La Torre Mathéo , Maton William , Cleator Ed
Published: February 2023

(Hetero)aryl dehalogenation is a classical transformation usually performed using hydrogen gas and a metal supported on carbon, notably palladium (Pd/C). Though efficient, the need for a milder and operationally simple dehalogenation can arise. We found that the combination of Pd/C as catalyst and triethylsilane (TES) as hydrogen donor in THF resulted in a broadly applicable, easy to set up, and scalable debromination and deiodination. Optimization of the reaction showed that 1 mol% of Pd/C and 4 equiv of TES at room temperature were sufficient to obtain full conversion of most synthons of pharmaceutical interest in 4–24 h. The newly found conditions were applied to a large range of aromatic and heteroaromatic substrates, affording the desired targets in good to excellent yields with an exceptional functional group tolerance.
Effects of Discontinuation of Weekly Surveillance Testing on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the NICU
Authors: Petersen Rebecca Y. , Hillman Noah H. , Sadiq Farouk H. , Brownsworth Christopher A. , Williams Howard L. , Josephsen Justin B.
Published: February 2023

Objective Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is a major cause of serious morbidity and mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). There is no clear consensus on infection control measures. Some approaches to MRSA colonization management may be burdensome with unclear benefits. The objective of this study was to determine if stopping weekly MRSA surveillance with active detection and contact isolation (ADI) was associated with a change in infection rate.

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of infants admitted to two affiliated NICUs. The ADI cohort infants received weekly nasal MRSA cultures and were placed in contact isolation if MRSA colonized for the duration of their hospitalization. The No Surveillance cohort infants were only placed in isolation if there was active MRSA infection or if MRSA colonization was identified incidentally. The rates of infection were determined between the cohorts.

Results There were 8,406 neonates representing 193,684 NICU days in the comparison period. In the ADI cohort, MRSA colonization occurred in 3.4% of infants and infection occurred in 29 infants (0.4%). There were no differences between cohorts in the percent of infants with a MRSA infection at any site (0.5 vs. 0.5%, p = 0.89), rate of MRSA infections per 1,000 patient-days (0.197 vs. 0.201, p = 0.92), rate of bloodstream infections (0.12 vs. 0.26%, p = 0.18), or in the overall mortality rate (3.7 vs. 3.0% p = 0.13). ADI represented an annual cost of $590,000.

Conclusion The rates of MRSA infection did not change when weekly ADI was discontinued and was associated with a decrease in cost and resource utilization.

Key Points
In-Hospital Newborn Falls and Near Miss Events: A Need to Report
Authors: Unal Sezin , Demirel Nihal , Tokgoz-Cuni Betül , İyigün Fatma , Moraloglu Tekin Ozlem , Baş Ahmet Y.
Published: February 2023

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of the neonates who fell in the maternity ward and identify the incidence of near miss events during the immediate postpartum period.

Study Design The study consisted of two steps. The retrospective part included the evaluation of admissions due to the in-hospital newborn fall for 6 years. The prospective part included the assessment of the near miss events (any probability of falling of the newborn; either cosleeping or an incident with a possible consequence of falling of the newborn) in the postpartum clinic (<72 hours after delivery) for a period of 4 weeks. The details of the events and clinical outcomes were recorded. A questionnaire about fatigue was administered to mothers who experienced near miss event.

Results Seventeen in-hospital newborn falls were recorded: 1.8 to 2.4/10,000 live births. The median age of the neonates when the fall occurred was 22 (16–34) postnatal hours. Fourteen events (82%) occurred between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. All neonates who experienced a fall were discharged without any known adverse outcomes. Twelve mothers (71%) had experienced a near miss event before. In the prospective arm of the study, 67 out of 804 mothers (8.3%) were found to experience a near miss event (44/1,000 days of postpartum hospitalization). Thirty-two events (49%) occurred in the first postpartum day. Fifty-two events (78%) occurred between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. Fifty-eight mothers (86%) had no companion. Sixty-three percent of the mothers expressed intense fatigue after delivery.

Conclusion In-hospital newborn fall may occur in the postpartum period, and near miss events should warn clinicians for a probable fall event. The nighttime shift requires more attention regarding the prevention of both the fall and the near miss events. Immediate postpartum mothers are needed to be observed carefully.

Key Points
Theory of sounds in He II
Authors: Fronsdal Christian
Published: February 2023

A dynamical model for Landau’s original approach to superfluid helium is presented, with two velocities but only one mass density. The second sound is an adiabatic perturbation that involves the temperature and the roton, aka the notoph. The action incorporates all the conservation laws, including the equation of continuity. With only 4 canonical variables it has a higher power of prediction than Landau’s later, more complicated model, with its 8 degrees of freedom. The roton is identified with the massless notoph. This theory gives a very satisfactory account of second and fourth sounds. Second sound is an adiabatic oscillation of the temperature and both vector fields, with no net material motion. Fourth sound involves the roton, the temperature, and the density. With the experimental confirmation of gravitational waves, the relations between Hydrodynamics and Relativity and particle physics have become more clear, and urgent. The appearance of the Newtonian potential in irrotational hydrodynamics comes directly from Einstein’s equations for the metric. The density factor ρ is essential; it is time to acknowledge the role that it plays in particle theory. To complete the 2-vector theory we include the massless roton mode. Although this mode too is affected by the mass density, it turns out that the wave function of the unique notoph propagating mode N satisfies the normal massless wave equation N=0; the roton propagates as a free particle in the bulk of the superfluid without meeting resistance. In this circumstance, we may have discovered the mechanism that lies behind the flow of He II through very thin pores.
Rotating planets in newtonian gravity
Authors: Fronsdal Christian
Published: February 2023

Variational techniques have been used in applications of hydrodynamics in special cases. What is needed is an action that is general enough to deal with potential flows, as well as vortex flows, with rotating fluids, in Nature, and in the laboratory; it has become available only recently. Of special note is a new theory of the sounds of He II. This paper is one of several that aim to test and develop the Action Principle for hydrodynamics in diverse contexts. We study models of rotating planets, compressible fluid bodies in a stationary state of motion, under the influence of a fixed gravitational field. The hope is to account for the shape and the flow velocities, given the size of the equatorial bulges, the angular velocity at the equator, and the density profiles. The theory is applied to the principal objects in the solar system, from Earth and Mars to Saturn with its famous hexagonal flow and its characteristic ring system. Planetary rings are an unforeseen but, as it turns out, a natural and inevitable feature of the dynamics; past cataclysmic events are not needed to explain their existence. This paper is prepared for a systematic application of a new action principle to a detailed study of the planets. The present invention is to test the versatility of the theory in astrophysical applications while raising some objections against traditional methods.
Collective mode resonances in superfluid 3He–4He mixtures
Authors: Herashchenko N. , Nemchenko K. , Rogova S. , Viktinskaya T.
Published: February 2023

The experimentally observed first and second sound resonances caused by vibrations of a closed quartz tuning fork in superfluid helium mixtures are studied. Taking into account the full set of hydrodynamic modes of the system allows us to explain the unusual behavior of second sound resonances observed in experiments due to the redistribution of energy between the dissipative mode and the second sound mode.
Dependence of the accuracy of the silicon diode temperature sensors for cryogenic thermometry on the spread of their parameters
Authors: Bebitov R. R. , Abdulkhaev O. A. , Yodgorova D. M. , Istamov D. B. , Khamdamov G. M. , Kuliyev Sh. M. , Khakimov A. A. , Rakhmatov A. Z.
Published: February 2023

Experimental samples of silicon diode temperature sensors for cryogenic thermometry are prepared. The process spread and variability of these diode temperature sensors and their effect on the parameters of these diode temperature sensors are studied. In particular, it was found that the spread of the base region doping level in the samples did not exceed 20%, the thickness spread of the base region is 3.5%. The measurement accuracy is highly dependent on the ideality factor spread: at room temperature and when the operating current is 1 μA, 1% change in the value of the ideality factor leads to a measurement error of ± 0.35 °C and a change of 10% leads to a measurement error of ± 3.6 °C.
Effect of low-temperature quasihydroextrusion on the structure and physical properties of CuCrZr alloy
Authors: Belyaeva A. I. , Khaimovich P. A. , Galuza A. A. , Kolenov I. V. , Savchenko A. A.
Published: February 2023

The work is devoted to the study of changes in the structural and physical properties of the precipitation-hardened CuCrZr alloy under the influence of low-temperature (77 K) quasihydroextrusion with various degrees of deformation at liquid nitrogen temperature with subsequent aging. Prior to quasihydroextrusion, commercial alloy samples were annealed and quenched from the premelting temperature to obtain a supersaturated solid solution of alloying elements in the copper matrix. After quasihydroextrusion, the microstructure, lattice constant, pole densities, tensile strength and yield strength, microhardness (in different cross-sections of the extrudate), and electrical conductivity of the CuCrZr alloy were studied depending on the degree of deformation by quasihydroextrusion. It is shown that the deformation degree determines the kinetics of decomposition of the supersaturated solid solution and its structure. As a result of extrusion, an anisotropic structure of the matrix and precipitates is formed, which also determines the anisotropy of material properties. Subsequent aging leads to a significant decrease in the anisotropy of properties. With an increase in the deformation degree during extrusion (before aging), a significant monotonous increase in physical and mechanical properties occurs. However, in the range of deformation degrees of 40–50%, an anomalous “jump” of all measured properties and structural parameters is observed. The study proposes a physical mechanism that explains the experimental results. The mechanism is based on the occurrence of two kinetically differently directed processes: dynamic aging and its inhibition due to an increase in the defectiveness of the material. The latter process manifests itself essentially at low temperatures. In general, low-temperature quasihydroextrusion makes it possible to obtain a complex of sufficiently high mechanical and electrical characteristics of the CuCrZr alloy at relatively low degrees of deformation for one extrusion cycle, which is facilitated by low deformation temperature.
Spectroscopy of electron-phonon interaction in β phase of mo-Re alloy
Authors: D’yachenko A. , Kalenyuk A. , Tarenkov V. , Shapovalov A. , Boliasova O. , Menesenko D.
Published: February 2023

The mechanism of electron-phonon interaction in the Mo0.73Re0.27 alloy in the Ag-I-Mo0.73Re0.27 tunnel contact, where the dielectric I is formed on natural MoReOx oxide, was investigated for the first time. This approach helped to avoid the proximity effect, which is inherent in a wide range of contacts with the oxidized Al layer. Due to the lack of a negative proximity effect, which leads to a zero anomaly in the tunneling conductivity, the scale of which exceeds the fine structure of the electron-phonon interaction, it was possible to obtain the characteristics of the phonon spectrum of the studied molybdenum-rhenium alloy. The obtained results are in good agreement with the data from thermal conductivity measurements, point-contact and neutron spectroscopy.
Cluster growth in binary N2–Kr supersonic jets: Effect of initial gas temperature and krypton gas concentration
Authors: Konotop O. P. , Danylchenko O. G.
Published: February 2023

An electron diffraction diagnostics of substrate-free clusters formed in N2–Kr binary jets expanding through a supersonic nozzle into a vacuum was carried out. Gas mixtures contained 0.5, 1, and 6 mol % krypton, the measured average sizes of aggregations in the cluster beam varied from 500 to 30000 molecules per cluster. A change in the nucleation mechanism in the jet from homogeneous to heterogeneous was revealed when the temperature of the gas mixture at the nozzle inlet T0 decreased from 120 to 100 K, which had a profound effect on the sizes, phase composition, and component composition of the clusters. The effect of cluster growth suppression by adding impurity with stronger intermolecular forces was revealed for the first time. It is shown that the effect is caused by the kinetics of gas condensation in a supersonic jet and is manifested at T0 = 120 K when the krypton gas content increases to 6 mol %. It was established that the intensification of cluster growth by inserted krypton nucleation centers at T0 = 100 K occurs through an increase in the fraction of the fcc phase compared to the hcp.
The inverse proximity effect in tunnel heterostructure ferromagnetic–insulator–superconductor Co2CrAl–I–Pb
Authors: Rudenko E. M. , Solomakha D. O. , Dyakin M. V.
Published: February 2023

Ferromagnetic–insulator–superconductor Co2CrAl–I–Pb tunnel junctions were created and their current-voltage characteristics (CVCs) were studied. It has been established that they differ from the usual CVCs of tunnel junctions of a normal metal–insulator–superconductor. It is proposed to assume that the observed effect of changing the type of CVC is associated with the existence of the destruction of Cooper pairs due to the inverse effect of proximity between the Co2CrAl and Pb electrodes. The CVCs were calculated based on the approach of P. Fulde.
Methods for fatigue-life estimation: A review of the current status and future trends
Authors: Zhang Lufan , Jiang Boshi , Zhang Pengqi , Yan Heng , Xu Xiangbo , Liu Ruizhuo , Tang Jingjing , Ren Caixia
Published: February 2023

With the development of modern industry and ever more complex structural loads, the possibility of fatigue failure is increasing. Fatigue analysis can be used to evaluate the service life of components and reduce the probability of accidents. Therefore, the development and application of fatigue-analysis technology have important research significance. This paper collects information from a wide field of literature and summarizes the current status of fatigue-analysis research. It covers related theoretical knowledge, fatigue-life prediction methods, and fatigue design methods and their application scenarios, and it summarizes the challenges and research hotspots in the field. On the basis of this examination, future development directions of fatigue-life prediction methods are proposed. The conclusions will have a certain guiding role in the development of fatigue-analysis methods.
Cleaning and cooling teeth while preventing COVID-19 cross-infection
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: February 2023

Polymer solutions can stop contaminated liquids from aerosolizing during common dental procedures.
Theoretical estimations of the incoherent pumping of laser-induced copper plasma
Authors: Tahsildaran Fatemeh S. , Farahbod Amir H. , Malekfar Rasoul
Published: February 2023

The optical pumping of laser-induced copper plasma by incoherent light of a fast-discharge xenon flashlamp is proposed to enhance the stimulated emission of the laser-induced plasma (LIP). To study the spatiotemporal evolution of the incoherent pumping of LIP, a numerical approach based on the collisional-radiative model and kinetic equations has been employed. The influence of total density and gas temperature on the stimulated emission and gain coefficient of the plasma plume was studied. The results show an enhancement of the intensity of the spectral lines of atomic copper. This idea demonstrates that the pumping of LIP by a low energy, fast-discharge flashlamp may be replacement for the expensive laser-pumped LIP for the improvement of the sensitivity of the related spectral diagnostics methods of plasma, such as laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.
Model of collective detachment in high-grade serous ovarian cancer demonstrates that tumor spheroids produce ECM to support metastatic processes
Authors: Micek Hannah M. , Rosenstock Lauren , Ma Yicheng , Hielsberg Caitlin , Montemorano Lauren , Gari Metti K. , Ponik Suzanne M. , Kreeger Pamela K.
Published: February 2023

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) metastasizes through transcoelomic spread, with both single cells and spheroids of tumor cells observed in patient ascites. These spheroids may form through single cells that detach and aggregate (Sph-SC) or through collective detachment (Sph-CD). We developed an in vitro model to generate and separate Sph-SC from Sph-CD to enable study of Sph-CD in disease progression. In vitro-generated Sph-CD and spheroids isolated from ascites were similar in size (mean diameter 51 vs 55 μm, p > 0.05) and incorporated multiple ECM proteins. Using the in vitro model, nascent protein labeling, and qRT-PCR, we determined that ECM was produced after detachment. As fibronectin plays a key role in many cell adhesion events, we confirmed that inhibiting RGD-based adhesion or fibronectin assembly reduced Sph-CD-mesothelial adhesion strength under shear stress. Our model will enable future studies to determine factors that favor formation of Sph-CD, as well as allow investigators to manipulate Sph-CD to better study their effects on HGSOC progression.
Controlling the motional quality factor of a diamagnetically levitated graphite plate
Authors: Romagnoli P. , Lecamwasam R. , Tian S. , Downes J. E. , Twamley J.
Published: February 2023

Researchers seek methods to levitate matter for a wide variety of purposes, ranging from exploring fundamental problems in science through to developing new sensors and mechanical actuators. Many levitation techniques require active driving and most can only be applied to objects smaller than a few micrometers. Diamagnetic levitation has the strong advantage of being the only form of levitation which is passive, requiring no energy input, while also supporting massive objects. Known diamagnetic materials which are electrical insulators are only weakly diamagnetic and require large magnetic field gradients to levitate. Strong diamagnetic materials which are electrical conductors, such as graphite, exhibit eddy damping, restricting motional freedom and reducing their potential for sensing applications. In this work, we describe a method to engineer the eddy damping while retaining the force characteristics provided by the diamagnetic material. We study, both experimentally and theoretically, the motional damping of a magnetically levitated graphite plate in high vacuum and demonstrate that one can control the eddy damping by patterning the plate with through-slots which interrupt the eddy currents. We find that we can control the motional quality factor over a wide range with excellent agreement between the experiment and numerical simulations.
First principles study on stacking-dependent electronic structure of CrI3/α-In2Se3 heterostructures
Authors: Liu Tianyu , Yang Zhixiong , Li Aolin , Ouyang Fangping
Published: February 2023

The stacking orders that may be generated by mirroring a layer of CrX3 (X = I, Br, Cl) through its Cr atomic layer in heterostructures are easy to be ignored so that the influence of these stacking orders has not yet been well explored. In this paper, we have constructed all eight stable highly symmetric stacking orders that maintain translational symmetry in a CrI3/α-In2Se3 heterostructure and systematically studied the dependence of the structure, magnetism, electronic structure on stacking orders, and ferroelectric polarization directions by using the first principles method, especially that the system energy and magnetism have certain differences between normal and mirror stacking orders. The regulation of system energy and interlayer distance, magnetism, and band structure can be, respectively, explained by the different stacking relationships of atomic layers in different stacking orders, the different influences of different deformations of a CrI3 atomic structure on a magnetic exchange interaction in different stacking orders, and the different band alignments corresponding to different vacuum energy levels at different interfaces of α-In2Se3. Our work will have a certain reference value for understanding the material properties and practical applications of such ferromagnetic/ferroelectric heterostructures.