bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust unit commitment with characterised solar PV systems
Authors: Veysi Raygani Saeid
Published: December 2018

This article addresses a critical issue on the robust unit commitment (RUC), which is the construction of an accurate and reliable uncertainty set for solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. The classic robust unit commitment (CRUC) provides an inaccurate and unreliable model for the highly intermittent solar generations. However, the authors’ proposed uncertainty set utilises the forecast models that rely on the clear‐sky and overcast solar forecasts, which are more accurate and reliable. The uncertainty set for solar generations is constructed based on the type of day, levels of daily uncertainty index (DUI) and daily energy index (DEI), and the uncertainty level of solar ramps. The test results on the IEEE 118‐bus test system demonstrate that (i) using DEI and DUI reliably and efficiently manages and reduces the cost for highly uncertain and overcast day compared to the CRUC and (ii) the RUC cost is much sensitive to the selected level of DUI and DEI than the uncertainty level of the solar ramps.
Ab initio based equation of state of dense water for planetary and exoplanetary modeling
Authors: Mazevet S. , Licari A. , Chabrier G. , Potekhin A. Y.
Published: December 2018

Context. The modeling of planetary interiors requires accurate equations of state (EOSs) for the basic constituents with proven validity in the difficult pressure–temperature regime extending up to 50 000 K and hundreds of megabars. While EOSs based on first-principles simulations are now available for the two most abundant elements, hydrogen and helium, the situation is less satisfactory for water where no wide-range EOS is available despite its requirement for interior modeling of planets ranging from super-Earths to planets several times the size of Jupiter.

Aims. As a first step toward a multi-phase EOS for dense water, we develop a temperature-dependent EOS for dense water covering the liquid and plasma regimes and extending to the super-ionic and gas regimes. This equation of state covers the complete range of conditions encountered in planetary modeling.

Methods. We use first-principles quantum molecular dynamics simulations and the Thomas-Fermi extension to reach the highest pressures encountered in giant planets several times the size of Jupiter. Using these results, as well as the data available at lower pressures, we obtain a parametrization of the Helmholtz free energy adjusted over this extended temperature and pressure domain. The parametrization ignores the entropy and density jumps at phase boundaries but we show that it is sufficiently accurate to model interior properties of most planets and exoplanets.

Results. We produce an EOS given in analytical form that is readily usable in planetary modeling codes and dynamical simulations (a fortran implementation is provided). The EOS produced is valid for the entire density range relevant to planetary modeling, for densities where quantum effects for the ions can be neglected, and for temperatures below 50 000K. We use this EOS to calculate the mass-radius relationship of exoplanets up to 5000 MEarth, explore temperature effects in the wet Earth-like, ocean planets and pure water planets, and quantify the influence of the water EOS for the core on the gravitational moments of Jupiter.
Research on emergency control mode of sluice gates in water delivery canal
Authors: Nie Yan-hua , Liao Ling-min , Huang Guo-bing
Published: December 2018

The regulation of sluice gates（control gates, dividing gates and exit sluices） in water delivery canal is very important and complicated especially in emergency conditions. Most of existing achievements are about canal control theory or based on normal operation condition, lack of researches about emergency joint dispatch under accident conditions and its internal mechanism. In this paper, a mathematical model for emergency dispatch of a long water delivery canal was established to study gate control modes. Some typical operating conditions were selected as study cases and some indicators which could affect safety and economical efficiency of project operation like water level, return water, gate action times were selected as measuring indices. The simulation calculations about different gate control modes of control gates and exit sluices（control speed, open and close time, action frequency, etc）were carried out, through changing gate group control modes to simulate disturbances in emergency regulating process, then track the unsteady flow hydraulic response of channel, analyze the variation of hydraulic parameter, ascertain the relationship between disturbances and channel hydraulic response, summarize the induction mechanism at last. The results can enrich canal gate emergency control theory and improve operation safety and economical efficiency. They can also provide scientific guidances for operation of water diversion projects to enhance emergency disposal ability, and it has strong academic and practical value.
Review on Riverbank Soil Collapse
Authors: Xu Linjuan , Wang Yuanjian , Zhao Wanjie , Jiang Enhui
Published: December 2018

Bank slope collapse is a kind of natural phenomenon which commonly existed on both sides of alluvial plain rivers. The mechanism of bank collapse is complex, and it is an interdisciplinary frontier research subject. The collapse of the bank slope will lead to the instability of river regime and frequent changes of erosion and siltation, which will cause great harm to river regulation and people's livelihood. Through review of river bank soil collapse at home and abroad, it is concluded that the main influencing factors of river bank soil collapse are the action of water flow and the soil structure of river bank. In addition, the stability of river bank and the numerical simulation of river bank collapse are also studied by scholars. In view of the above research results, the deficiencies of the current research are pointed out and the research directions that should be followed in the future are put forward.
Research on Short-term Multi-objective Optimization Scheduling oriented Peak Regulation of Power Network
Authors: Li Mo , Wang Yongqiang , Gao Xinwen , Qin Shen
Published: December 2018

With the succession of river basins and inter-basin hydropower stations, the joint optimal operation of cascade hydropower stations in the river basin has large-scale, nonlinear, strong coupling, and multi-target characteristics, and must consider the effects of hydrometeorology, water demand, and power grid security. Focusing on the preparation of short-term power generation plans for cascade hydropower stations on the Qingjiang River, a comprehensive multi-objetive power generation planning model with the largest total power generation and the least load variance on the power grid is established. Based on the constraint processing method of multi-objective optimization scheduling in long-term, the optimal flow distribution technology is adopted to improve the accuracy of power generation planning. The above model is solved by using SMPSO. The results show that the improved algorithm can effectively overcome the shortcomings of slow convergence speed and easy convergence to local optimum. It can improve the power generation efficiency of the whole cascade while responding to the peaking demand of the power grid and provide a new solution to the short-term power generation planning ideas.
Multi-objective hydropower purchase optimization method for inter-provincial power grids under time-sharing electricity price
Authors: Lu Peng , Li Mo , Zhang Xiang , Zou Yibo , Shu Shengmao
Published: December 2018

The existing electric grid purchase ratio research focuses on the methods of various types of combinations of purchasing and selling business of electricity, and the methods of reasonable risk allocation between different businesses, First, it lacks the consideration of the sensitivity of customer requirements to electricity price changes . Second, it lacks the consideration of optimization of the revenue and risk of hydropower purchase in the provincial electric grid.

Therefore, this paper establishes the multi-objective time-of-use power price model based on customer requirements for time-of-use power price response.It introduces a VaR-based risk assessment method. Also, it proposes a multi-objective optimization model that maximizes the expected revenue on electricity purchase and minimizes the risk of purchasing electricity. The electricity purchase ratio scheme and the electrictiy purchase risk scheme are jointly optimized to obtain the electric grid inter-provincial electrictiy purchase risk decision and the optimal electricity purchase ratio. The results show that the grid company will obtain greater economic benefits while avoiding risks as much as possible after using the power purchase optimization method of this paper.
A study on the characteristics and influencing factors of reservoir sedimentation in Wanjiazhai Reservoir
Authors: Ren Zhihui , Wang Ting , Wang Yuanjian , Qu Shaojun
Published: December 2018

Based on measured data of the Wanjiazhai Reservoir in different periods, the characteristics of the spatial and temporal distribution of sedimentation in the reservoir area were preliminarily analyzed and the impact of reservoir operation on this distribution was discussed. Primary conclusions are as followed: in terms of temporal distribution, sedimentation continuously accumulated over the period from 2000 to 2017, with the sediment deposition ratio dramatically decreasing between 2011 and 2017; in terms of spatial distribution, the sedimentation in the reservoir area was mainly concentrated downstream of the WD54 section, with the highest concentration being downstream of the WD23 section. The characteristics of sedimentation distribution in the reservoir area were closely related to inflow and sediment conditions and reservoir operation water level. When the water level was lower than 952 m, the sediment deposition ratio was lower than 0. To further improve the sediment deposition form in the reservoir area, lowering water level and ejecting the sediment are recommended in a timely manner.
The Study of Flood Forecast Based on Precipitation Ensemble Forecast
Authors: Yang Xiao , Xin Wu , Wang Ye , Cao Deqin
Published: December 2018

Ensemble forecast which makes up for the lack of the single forecast, is a shift from deterministic forecast to probabilistic forecast. Based on the above ideas, this paper takes the Jianghua as study basin,and uses the ECWMF ensemble forecast precipitation data to drive the flood forecasting model for flood forecasting. The result shows that the ensemble forecast flood forecasting can get the range of runoff simulation. And 75% of the process line Q75 is used as a deterministic process line which can simulate the flood well. The method not only ensures the accuracy of flood forecast, but also prevents the period of flood. Reliability of the application of ensemble forecast in flood forecast is proved.
The practice of water operation and groundwater protection in the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project
Authors: Li Jia , Gao Yuan-yuan , Yan Liu-qing , Yao Jian-wen , Chen Gui-fang
Published: December 2018

The South-to-North Water Transfer Project plays an important role in guaranteeing the sustainable development of economy and society in North China. The first phase of the middle route of the South-to- North Water Transfer Project (m-SNWTP) has been running safely in the past three years, and the dispatched water amount is increasing. This paper mainly describes the water operation of the m-SNWTP and the groundwater protection in the water-receiving areas. Up to the end of June 2018, more than 1.4×1010m3water had been supplied to the m-SNWTP benefited regions, including 8.65×108m3environmental water. In addition, the m-SNWTP provides water source guarantee for the environment restoration. Over 1.326 ×109m3overexploited groundwater has been reduced in the urban areas of the water-receiving areas, and the continuous decline of groundwater level has been effectively curbed.
Experimental study on the critical initiation of reservoir fluid mud motions
Authors: Li Kunpeng , Jiang Enhui , Wang Yuanjian
Published: December 2018

Reservoir fluid mud is the stagnant or near-stagnant suspension distributed at the bottom of a reservoir after variable-density flows. It consists of fine particles that flocculate easily, and its thickness can be maintained unchanged over a long time period. Because the formation and the movement of reservoir fluid mud are affected by various factors, and given that measured data relevant to the dynamic conditions of the reservoir fluid mud are lacking, current results can hardly explain scientific questions that have to be resolved. These include the development of reservoir fluid mud and its response mechanisms to subsequent floods. In this study, a pressurized sealed water flume is employed to simulate deep-water conditions and to facilitate the conduct of experiments on the initiation of reservoir fluid mud motions. The results demonstrate that the critical shear stress required for the initiation of motion of fluid mud increases exponentially as a function of the volumetric weight of fluid mud and water depth. The critical shear stress is much smaller than the Bingham yield stress and the two are associated according to a power-function relationship. The findings provide technical support for the utilization of the reservoir fluid mud and the optimization of reservoir operations.
High Risk Flash Flood Rainstorm Area Mapping And Its Application in Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: Ding Hui , Liao Yifan , Lin Bingzhang
Published: December 2018

The leading hydrologists around the world have been working hard to develop some kind of preventive measures to reduce the disastrous consequences of a flash flood in advance. For this purpose, a flash flood early-warning and forecasting system that can accurately and timely forecast an coming flash flood has being the research focus in this field, despite its difficulties and complexities. An ideal to specify those areas that are subject at high risk to flash flood in terms of precipitation intensity in a relatively large region is proposed in this paper. It is accomplished through the design of the High Risk Flash Flood Rainstorm Area (HRFFRA) with a certain return period for a given duration based on the application of the end-to-end Regional L-moments Approach to precipitation frequency analysis. A HRFFRA is defined as the area potentially under hitting by higher intense-precipitation for a given duration with certain return period that may cause a flash flood disaster in the area.

An example to develop the HRFFRA has been demonstrated in detail in this paper through the application of the Regional L-Moments Approach to precipitation frequency analysis in Jiangxi Province, South China Mainland. The high risk areas that will be hit by an forthcoming flash flood can be visually showed by the HRFFRA, with its help, hydrologists and governments can substantially reduce the disastrous outcome of a flash flood beforehand.
A Regional Social, Environmental and Economic Lifeline The Lake Gaston Water Supply Project
Authors: She David
Published: December 2018

Proactive water supply planning utilizes demand management strategies to promote the viability of future water supply. The Hampton Roads Region recognizes the importance of demand management and development efforts in water supply planning and also understands that it is crucial for the region to conserve local water resources and minimize both current and future water demands.

Based on the water resource studies, the Hampton Roads Region is pursuing programs and projects to meet long-term needs while providing interim and drought-related solutions. Incorporating water demand management practices both in the long and short term is a necessary component to extend the useful life of the regional water supply.

The Lake Gaston Water Supply Project is one of the most critical long-distance water supply pipeline projects in the region. It brings water from other watersheds and provides high quality, reliable fresh water to the Hampton Roads area. It has a positive and profound effect on the region’s social, environmental, and economic impacts.
Inflow Flood Simulation and Risk Analysis of Cascade Reservoirs
Authors: Huang Jing , Li Jiqing , Liang Pengteng
Published: December 2018

The risk of flood control in cascade reservoirs reflects the possibility of unforeseen events in upstream reservoirs under certain space-time conditions during the operation of flood control. Using @RISK software and a stochastic simulation model to simulate the inflow flood of cascade reservoirs, the flood routing of cascade reservoirs and the risk analysis of the highest water level were carried out based on the flood regulation rules of Three Gorges-Gezhouba cascade reservoirs. The results of simulation calculations show that the risk rate of the Three Gorges-Gezhouba cascade reservoir is lower than its design flood standard, which can ensure the safety of flood control.
Research on Real-time Intelligent Load Control Technology among Giant Hydropower Station Group under High-intensity Peak-load and Frequency Regulation Demand
Authors: Luo Wei , Zhong Qingxiang , Gu Faying
Published: December 2018

The paper conducts an in-depth study on the real-time dispatching involved in joint operation among giant cascade hydropower stations with high-intensity peak-load and frequency regulation demand, and proposes anintelligent load control technology for cascade hydropower stations in the coordination mode of station and power grid. Aiming to water level safety control of runoff power stations and rapid response to load regulation requirements of the power grid, taking 10 types of constraints such as output, water volume and flow rate into consideration, a model cluster is established through the layered control principle to realize real-time intelligent load allocation and economic operation among Pubugou, Shenxigou and Zhentouba stations. Dadu River has become the first large-scale river basin in China to realize “one-key dispatch” of multiple stations, and has achieved good demonstration effect.
An Emergency Operation Model in Upstream Pools of the Accident Pool of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project
Authors: Quan Jin , Zheng Hezhen , Cai Siyu , Xu Yi
Published: December 2018

Considering the potential emergency accident in the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project (MRP), previous studies required upstream pools of accident pool where accident occurs to maintain constant downstream level in the final state of emergency operation, which could cause large amount of abandoned water. In order to save water resources, an emergency operation model in upstream pools of the accident pool of the MRP was built, which allows downstream levels to rise by a certain amount in the final state, and can minimize the total abandoned water through allocating volumes in the upstream pools. This model could play an important role to determine reasonable emergency operation measures in the upstream pools.
Risk factors analysis and risk assessment of sudden pollution from traffic accidents in the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project
Authors: Tang Ming , Quan Jin , Lei Xiaohui , Zheng Hezheng , Tang Tao
Published: December 2018

The traffic bridges along the route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project are numerous. Once a traffic accident occurs causing pollutants in the channel, the water safety, ecological environment and economic development of water receiving areas along the line will be affected . We investigate the bridges along the channel, focusing on the investigation and analysis of hazardous chemicals, nearby backwater gates and water inlets involving 173 cross-channel bridges with large traffic volume. The risk evaluation index system of sudden water pollution is established in this study, while the risk of different bridges is evaluated. We divide bridges in three risk grades, and delimit key prevention areas and key monitoring objects. And the stress of traffic risk factors on the water quality safety is summarized. It is significant for being regarded as basis for contingency plans, hierarchical responses and emergency material reserve for the middle line of the south-to-north water diversion project.
Comparative analysis on the applicability of evaluation method for water resources carrying capacity
Authors: Qin Jing , Wu Zhi-wang , Feng Jie , Niu Wen-long
Published: December 2018

Based on the analysis and summary of the origin and definition contents of water resources carrying capacity, this paper analyzes the applicability of water resources carrying capacity evaluation method from the view of quantity and quality of Evaluation index selection, index weight ratio, vertical and horizontal comparison of water resources carrying capacity, dynamic prediction, evaluation result form and regulation, and prospects and analyses from the perspectives of the perfections on water resources carrying capacity definition, the researches on applicable method and Its application and so on.
Technology Research of Sewage Pipe Network on Initial Rain Water Receiving Capacity
Authors: Liang Fengchao , Lv Mou , Miao Xiaobo , Song Jie
Published: December 2018

Taking a certain area of a coastal city as the research object, based on the measured data, the model of rainwater pipe network and the hydraulic model of sewage pipe network in the study area were established based on SWMM. According to the set interception target combined with the established SWMM rainwater network model, the specific volume of Rain Water in the initial stage of each Rain Water discharge port is calculated, which is given to the sewage trunk pipe in the form of time series to realize the initial Rain Water interception control and analyze the receiving capacity of the sewage pipe network. In this study, 20% of the initial Rain Water was set up in the study area, which was given in the form of time series to the nodes in the sewage pipe network model. After the initial Rain Water was cut off 20%, part of the pipe segment and the node appeared overload phenomenon, but there was no overflow. After 30% initial Rain Water interception, overflow occurred in some pipe segments.
Coastal water environment regulation and simulation based on tidal power control
Authors: Wang Hua , Xu Wei , Liu Pei , Zhu Jinhe
Published: December 2018

As the carrier of water resources, water environment and water ecology, river course is very important to human and ecological environment in coastal areas. The rapid economic development of coastal areas needs to take into account the improvement of regional water environment in order to achieve a higher level of development. The characteristics of coastal water environment are closely related to tidal fluctuation. It is an important direction for coastal water control to improve the water environment and restore the self-purification capacity of the river by guiding and draining the tidal power. In this paper, the YACHONG River Basin, which borders Macau and Zhuhai, is selected as the study area. The semi-exchange period and water exchange rate are taken as the main evaluation indexes. The water quantity and quality model is used to simulate the scenario model and analyze the effect of water diversion and drainage regulation in different tidal periods. The results show that, compared with the drainage dispatch during spring tide, the drainage dispatch during neap tide prolongs the water exchange time, and the effect of water exchange is obviously better than that during spring tide. The research results of this paper provide reference for water environmental regulation in coastal area.
Study on water environmental dispatch scheme for complex river network in Pearl River Estuary
Authors: Wang Hua , Xu Wei , Wu Xiaoming
Published: December 2018

In order to promote the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, we should take into account the improvement of regional water environment while developing economy in Pearl River Estuary area. The water environmental dispatch scheme of river network is an important part of water environment improvement, and the key technology of dispatch is to determine the appropriate dispatch path, timing, scale and mode. The Hengqin Central River is taken as the study area in the paper. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of Hengqin Central River, the characteristics of nearby tides and water environment, this paper determines the dispatching path of “diversion from the east to the west”, the time of diversion during flood tide and drainage during ebb tide, the dispatching mode of sluice control, the dispatching scale of more water exchange during spring tide and less water exchange during neap tides, and puts forward the landscape dispatching scheme and the dilution dispatching scheme. In this paper, the semiexchange period and the rate of water exchange are taken as the evaluation indexes, and the dispatching effects of different schemes are analyzed by simulating different control schemes through water quality and quantity models. The results show that the water exchange capacity of Hengqin Central River network will be greatly enhanced when the diversion and drainage amplitude increases. The research results provide reference for water quality protection and control in the Pearl River Estuary complex river network.
Study on Characteristics of Water Flow Under Different Riverbed Structures in River Narrowing Section
Authors: Wu Chengcheng , Zhang Xiaolu , Zheng Zhetao , Xie Juntao , Wang Ziwei , Qi Lijian , Li Jidong
Published: December 2018

In this paper, a numerical simulation research on the flow characteristics of dammed river under four kinds of riverbed structures is studied by using the turbulence model and the VOF model. The results show that: ① Due to the influence of the riverbed structure, the water flow vortex area of different riverbed structures is obviously different. The backwater and the reflux are the most obvious in a simulated bucket basin model of step-pool structure. ② The average velocity of the section of the bucket basin riverbed and the clustered riverbed is small, and the steady flow velocity is not large. Combined with the base pressure distribution of the riverbed, the pressure distribution of the bucket basin riverbed and ribbed riverbed is relatively regular. This shows that the bucket basin structure is of great help to improve the stability of riverbed. ③ The bucket basin model has better effect of energy dissipation than the other three types.
SVM-based Implicit Stochastic Scheduling Mode for Cascade Hydropower Stations
Authors: Wang Qinhui , Li Jidong , Chen Shijun , Wang xiaoyi
Published: December 2018

In view of the uncertainty of inflow of cascade reservoirs, an implicit stochastic joint scheduling function model for cascade hydropower stations based on support vector machine (SVM) was established. Taking the cascade hydropower station on the lower reaches of the Yalong River as an example, according to the long series of optimized scheduling simulation operation data, the Gauss radial basis (BRF) kernel function is utilized by LIBSVM for the scheduling function fitting of the cascade reservoirs in the lower reaches of the Yalong River. Besides, combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm, the support vector machine (SVM) model parametersc(penalty coefficient) andg(relaxation coefficient) were optimized. Eventually, the optimized scheduling function model was used for the cascade hydropower station simulation operation. The results show that compared with the existing scheduling technology, the nonlinear SVM scheduling function is better than the linear regression model, and the effect of the nonlinear SVM scheduling function is equivalent to that of the threshold regression model. Therefore, the SVM-based Implicit Stochastic Scheduling method can provide references for the actual operation of the cascade hydropower station.
Simulation of Spraying Process in Lateral VRI Sprinkler System based on PWM
Authors: Zhou Zhiyu , Tao Shuai , Mo Jinqiua
Published: December 2018

Lateral VRI sprinkler system is widely used to improve water productivity nowadays. And Pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is applied to control flow rate of each sprinkler. Uniformity and accuracy of application are main indexes to evaluate performance of lateral VRI sprinkler system. Traditional approach of measuring uniformity and accuracy is catch can trials. However, the data obtained is sparse and data collection takes time and labour. In this article, a simulation algorithm is designed to find the effects of PWM parameters and speed of VRI sprinkler system on spraying results of Nelson R3000 sprinkler efficiently. Experiments indicate that PWM duty cycle affects water depth proportionally while speed has an inverse proportional effect. And indistinctive reduction of water application is found as PWM period increases. A compensation method is also put forward to minish application error caused by PWM duty cycle, period and speed. It is also found that lower speed or shorter period leads to larger water depth error but higher application uniformity. Duty cycle has insignificant positive influence on application uniformity but barely on water depth error. Besides linear transition of water depth is observed when a sprinkler passes through two different management zones in the moving direction.
Research on Data Mining of Learning Behaviours of College Students on MOOC Platform
Authors: Yang Shi , Juan Lu
Published: December 2018

With the continuous development of computer network and the popularity of internet applications, technology is constantly changing the traditional education model. The rise of the MOOC has set off a worldwide revolution in educational technology, which has been widely welcomed by university teachers and students. On the platforms of MOOC, the learning behaviours of college students have generated massive amounts of relevant data. Teachers can tap learning behaviours, master different types of learning styles to better control the learning steps and urge college students to better participate in all aspects of learning. Based on the MOOC platform, this paper classifies the students into excellent learners, middle learners, poor learners and non-learners by cluster analysis to teach students of different levels in different ways to optimize the MOOC teaching effect.
VHF radio signal modulation classification based on convolution neural networks
Authors: Wu Hao , Wang Qing , Zhou Liang , Meng Jin
Published: December 2018

Deep learning architecture has been attracting increasing attention due to the successful applications in various fields. However, its application in radio system has not been well explored. In this paper, we consider the very high frequency (VHF) radio signal modulation classification based on convolution neural networks (CNN). The main principle of CNN is analysed and a five-layer CNN model is built. The proposed CNN-based modulation classification method is proved useful for simulated radio signals generated by MATLAB, that the overall classification accuracy is high even in low SNR. In addition, the proposed CNN-based method is used for real VHF radio signals, and the key factors effecting the classification accuracy are analysed.
Design and Implementation of Online Shopping System Based on B/S Model
Authors: Wei Fan , Zhang Qian
Published: December 2018

B/S structure (Browser/Server) is one hidden client mode after WEB development. This kind of network structure mode unifies WEB browser as the client-side in order to integrate the core part of system function realization to the server. B/S model simplifies system development, maintenance, and usage. The client only needs one Browser under the B/S model, and the browser interact data with database through Web Server. Since the B/S model has such huge advantages, this online shopping system is based on this model. The system through the MVC(Model, View, and Controller) framework integrate network of online shopping system, completing the control layer management, processing data access. Finally, the system can meet online shopping requirements basically, and its also a good application of e-commerce. Customers can know the relevant information of products at any time, and they can have mass commodity information. Besides, the drawbacks of traditional shopping such as geographical and time limitations have been solved completely.
Research and Application of Eye Movement Interaction based on Eye Movement Recognition
Authors: Wang Shu , Wang Qing , Chen Hong
Published: December 2018

Generally, human-computer interaction is an interaction and operation between users and machine hardware. The user submits instructions to the machine, and the machine outputs the processed data and results to the user after receiving the instructions from the user. Mouse, keyboard, etc. are common input channels. With the maturity of eye tracking technology and the development of equipment miniaturization, turning eye movements into human-computer interaction input channels has become a hot spot in the field of human-computer interaction. Therefore, this paper analysed the physiological characteristics of eye movement, proposed the design principles and framework of eye movement interaction, and designed three kinds of eye movement recognition algorithms of fixation, saccade and blink. On this basis, using Unity 3D cross-platform development engine as a development tool, a children’s attention training game application based on eye movement interaction is designed. The game is designed to combine eye movement interaction technology with attention training mode, simplify the control mode of the game, get attention feedback at the first time, achieve better training effect and improve the efficiency of human-computer interaction.
Six new dactylogyrid species (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) from the gills of cichlids (Teleostei, Cichliformes) from the Lower Congo Basin
Authors: Jorissen Michiel W.P. , Pariselle Antoine , Huyse Tine , Vreven Emmanuel J. , Snoeks Jos , Decru Eva , Kusters Thomas , Lunkayilakio Soleil Wamuini , Bukinga Fidel Muterezi , Artois Tom , Vanhove Maarten P.M.
Published: December 2018

The Lower Congo Basin is characterized by a mangrove-lined estuary at its mouth and, further upstream, by many hydrogeographical barriers such as rapids and narrow gorges. Five localities in the mangroves and four from (upstream) left bank tributaries or pools were sampled. On the gills of Coptodon tholloni, Coptodon rendalli, Hemichromis elongatus, Hemichromis stellifer and Tylochromis praecox, 17 species of parasites (Dactylogyridae & Gyrodactylidae, Monogenea) were found, eight of which are new to science. Six of these are herein described: Cichlidogyrus bixlerzavalai n. sp. and Cichlidogyrus omari n. sp. from T. praecox, Cichlidogyrus calycinus n. sp. and Cichlidogyrus polyenso n. sp. from H. elongatus, Cichlidogyrus kmentovae n. sp. from H. stellifer and Onchobdella ximenae n. sp. from both species of Hemichromis. On Cichlidogyrus reversati a ridge on the accessory piece was discovered that connects to the basal bulb of the penis. We report a putative spillback effect of the native parasites Cichlidogyrus berradae, Cichlidogyrus cubitus and Cichlidogyrus flexicolpos from C. tholloni to the introduced C. rendalli. From our results, we note that the parasite fauna of Lower Congo has a higher affinity with the fauna of West African and nearby freshwater ecoregions than it has with fauna of other regions of the Congo Basin and Central Africa.
Wie die kleinen Kinder …
Authors: Hertlein Margit
Published: December 2018

… dieser Spruch fällt häufig, wenn Erwachsene blödeln oder neugierig immer wieder nachfragen. Dabei vergisst man leicht: Neugierde ist ein Urmotiv des
Menschen. Leider geht sie im Laufe des Lebens oft flöten. Wie sie sich ein wenig vom angeborenen Forschertrieb reaktivieren, lesen Sie hier.
Sich selbst gesund führen: Wie geht das?
Authors: Johansson Kajsa , Oswald Nadine-Marie
Published: December 2018

An Führungskräfte werden hohe Anforderungen gestellt, sowohl hinsichtlich ihrer fachlichen als auch persönlichen und sozialen Kompetenzen. Lesen Sie, welche
Tipps die BGW bereit hält im dritten Teil der Serie „Gesundheit als Führungsaufgabe“.
Ein Weg zur Entbürokratisierung
Authors: Wieteck Pia , Schindler Manuel
Published: December 2018

Das BAss soll nicht nur die Pflegedokumentation erleichtern, sondern auch das Entlassmanagement unterstützen. Denn mit der Anwendung ist es möglich, einen
eventuellen poststationären Versorgungsbedarf zu ermitteln.
Warum Krokodile nicht lachen
Authors: Hertlein Margit
Published: December 2018

Säugetiere lachen, Reptilien nicht. Warum eigentlich und was hat das mit Ihnen als Führungskraft zu tun? Lesen Sie mehr über Stammhirn, limbisches System sowie
das Großhirn und deren emotionale Rolle beim Homo sapiens.
Reduktion von Metallartefakten in der muskuloskelettalen Bildgebung
Authors: Sutter R. , Dietrich T
Published: December 2018

Gelenkprothesen und andere orthopädische Implantate werden bei vielen Patienten mit muskuloskelettalen Erkrankungen eingesetzt. Während diese Operationen häufig ein gutes klinisches Ergebnis zeigen, sind im Verlauf bei vielen Patienten radiologische Untersuchungen notwendig. Orthopädische Implantate führen jedoch in der MRT und der CT zu starken Metallartefakten. Dieser Artikel stellt mehrere grundlegende Methoden sowie fortgeschrittene Techniken zur Reduktion dieser Artefakte für MRT und CT vor, um eine diagnostische Untersuchung bei Patienten mit Metallimplantaten zu ermöglichen. MRT und CT werden so zu wichtigen und zuverlässigen Modalitäten, um Patienten mit Gelenkprothesen und orthopädischen Implantaten zu untersuchen.
Periphere Stimulation
Authors: Dinse Hubert R.
Published: December 2018

Neben direkter zentralnervöser Stimulation wie TMS oder tDCS und roboter- und
gerätegestützter Rehabilitation wurden Therapieansätze basierend auf peripherer
Stimulation entwickelt. Die bisher an Gesunden erhobenen Befunde deuten darauf
hin, dass die repetitive sensorische Stimulation zu einer weitreichenden
Reorganisation in den sensomotorischen Netzwerken führt. Die bisher publizierten
Metastudien verweisen darauf, dass die alleinige oder in Kombination mit anderen
Therapiemaßnahmen erfolgende Anwendung der peripheren Stimulation zu einem
verbesserten Rehabilitationserfolg führt. Die Möglichkeit, die Stimulation zu
Hause über lange Zeit anzuwenden zu können, dürfte gerade für die
Langzeitbehandlung chronischer Patienten eine wichtige Rolle spielen.
Repetitive transkranielle Magnetstimulation (rTMS) – eine
Therapieoption für Menschen nach Schlaganfall?
Authors: Platz Thomas
Published: December 2018

Durch eine repetitive transkranielle Magnetstimulation (rTMS) lässt sich die
Erregbarkeit des Gehirns sehr gezielt (fokal) nichtinvasiv erhöhen oder
absenken, womit die Funktionserholung nach Schlaganfall unterstützt werden kann.
Den stabilsten Wirksamkeitsnachweis gibt es für die Armfunktion. Wie die
Evidenzlage bei Depressionen nach Schlaganfall, bei Dysphagie,
Ganggeschwindigkeit, Aphasie, Neglect und weiteren funktionellen Defiziten nach
Schlaganfall aussieht, beschreibt der folgende Artikel.
Angina pectoris bei Männern und Frauen
Authors: Ong Peter
Published: December 2018

Die Angina pectoris ist das Kardinalsymptom für eine myokardiale Ischämie. Zu den
wichtigen Pathomechanismen für eine myokardiale Ischämie gehören die
stenosierende koronare Herzkrankheit (KHK) bzw. die Koronarthrombose beim akuten
Myokardinfarkt, Koronarspasmen und eine koronare mikrovaskuläre Dysfunktion.
Wichtige Unterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen liegen in der Art der
Beschwerden, der Beschreibung der Symptome und der subjektiven Einschätzung der
Beschwerden.
Standard- oder Therapieverändernde Erkenntnisse in der
Hämatologie
Authors: Haas Rainer , Jäger Paul S.
Published: December 2018

Ein Umdenken von Diagnostik oder bisherigen Standardtherapien verschiedener
Erkrankungen erfolgt in der Regel aufgrund neuer Erkenntnisse und Ergebnisse
klinischer Studien. Um bisherige Standardtherapien zu verändern, müssen die
neuen Erkenntnisse auf einer breiten Basis erzielt und von solcher Signifikanz
sein, dass die Wissenschaft eine neue Richtung einschlägt. Im Folgenden wird
eine Auswahl von Publikationen für verschiedene hämatologische Erkrankungen
vorgestellt: so zeigen bei der chronischen myeloischen Leukämie (CML)
Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren (TKI) der zweiten Generation eine bessere Effektivität
und wurden daher in einigen Ländern als Erstlinientherapie zugelassen. Bei den
Myelodysplastischen Syndromen (MDS) sind die Ergebnisse mit Luspatercept
vielversprechend und bestätigen die bisher erhobenen Daten. Bei akuten
myeloischen Leukämien (AML) erhielt das neu geschaffene CPX-351 (Verbindung aus
Cytarabin und Daunorubin) die Zulassung für die Therapie von Patienten mit neu
diagnostizierter sekundärer AML. Beim Multiplen Myelom (MM) wird die
sequentielle Behandlung aus Induktionstherapie, Cyclophosphamid und einer
anschließenden autologen Blutstammzelltransplantation (ASCT) weiterhin als
Standard betrachtet. Bei der Therapie von Patienten mit Non Hodgkin-Lymphomen
(NHL) gibt es derzeit einige vielversprechende Ergebnisse mit
Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitoren, die eine therapeutische Wirksamkeit ohne die sonst
üblichen zytotoxischen Nebenwirkungen ermöglicht. Bei Patienten mit chronisch
lymphatischer Leukämie (CLL) kann Venetoclax andauernde Remissionen induzieren
und ist deshalb eine vielversprechende und gut verträgliche Behandlungsoption
bei Hoch-Risiko-CLL. Auch CAR (chimäre Antigenrezeptor)-modifizierte
T-Zell-Therapie konnte bei therapierefraktären aggressiven Lymphomen mit einem
akzeptablen Sicherheitsprofil ein hohes Maß an Remissionen erreichen.
Ethene-1,1,2,2-tetracarbonitrile and Methanol in the Methylating Reaction of Tertiary Amines to the Quaternary Ammonium Compounds of 1,1-Dicyano-2-methoxy-2-oxoethane-1-ide
Authors: Sheverdov Vladimir Р. , Davydova Vera , Nasakin Oleg , Mar’yasov Maksim , Lodochnikova Olga
Published: December 2018

We discovered a new method to methylate tertiary amines such as urotropine, triethylamine, pyridine, 2-methylpyridine, 4-acetylpyridine, and isonicotinamide, up to quaternary ammonium compounds, with 1,1-dicyano-2-methoxy-2-oxoethane-1-ide being the counterion. Methyl-1,3,5,7-tetraazaadamantan-1-ium 1,1-dicyano-2-methoxy-2-oxoethane-1-ide, N,N-diethyl-N-methylethanaminium 1,1-dicyano-2-methoxy-2-oxoethane-1-ide, and substituted-methylpyridinium 1,1-dicyano-2-methoxy-2-oxoethane-1-ides were synthesized. Quaternary ammonium compounds of 1,1-dicyano-2-methoxy-2-oxothane-1-ide were synthesized within a single stage by stirring methanol solutions of tertiary amines with ethene-1,1,2,2-tetracarbonitrile (ETCN) at room temperature. In the reaction of ETCN with tertiary amines in methanol, processes occur that form the 1,1-dicyano-2-methoxy-2-oxoethane-1-ide fragment with simultaneous N-methylation. Crystal structures based on X-ray diffraction analysis of the obtained compounds were studied.
Electrophilic Activation of Amides for the Preparation of Poly­substituted Pyrimidines
Authors: Stopka Tobias , Adler Pauline , Hagn Gerhard , Zhang Haoqi , Tona Veronica , Maulide Nuno
Published: December 2018

In this article we describe the straightforward synthesis of polysubstituted pyrimidines by electrophilic activation of secondary amides in the presence of alkynes. An unusual mechanistic detour leading to pyridine derivatives as products is also presented and briefly discussed.
α-Arylation of Amides from α-Halo Amides Using Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions
Authors: Barde E. , Guérinot A. , Cossy J.
Published: December 2018

Metal-catalyzed α-arylation of amides from α-halo amides with organometallic reagents is reviewed. The article includes Suzuki–Miyaura, Kumada–Corriu, Negishi, and Hiyama cross-coupling reactions.

1 Introduction

2 Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling

2.1 Palladium Catalysis

2.2 Nickel Catalysis

3 Kumada–Corriu Cross-Coupling

3.1 Nickel Catalysis

3.2 Iron Catalysis

3.3 Cobalt Catalysis

4 Negishi Cross-Coupling

5 Hiyama Cross-Coupling

6 Conclusion
Basics of Statistics for Clinical Research in Hand Surgery
Authors: Rosales Roberto , Atroshi Isam
Published: December 2018

Statistics, the science of numerical evaluation, helps in determining the real value of a hand surgical intervention. Clinical research in hand surgery cannot improve without considering the application of the most appropriate statistical procedures. The purpose of the present paper is to approach the basics of data analysis using a database of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) to understand the data matrix, the generation of variables, the descriptive statistics, the most appropriate statistical tests based on how data were collected, the parameter estimation (inference statistics) with p-value or confidence interval, and, finally, the important concept of generalized linear models (GLMs) or regression analysis.
Falsch organisiert?
Authors: Weimer Tobias
Published: December 2018

Organisationsverschulden – betrifft nur die Geschäftsführung? Weit gefehlt: Um potenzieller Täter zu sein, genügt grundsätzlich die Übernahme einer
qualifizierten Leitungsfunktion, die mit Koordinations- und Überwachungspflichten einhergeht.
Leistungsorientierte Personal(bedarfs)-berechnung für
Intensiv
Authors: Plücker Wolfgang
Published: December 2018

Der Personalbedarf auf Intensivstationen definiert sich noch immer über den
Leistungsbezug – trotz DRG. Es gibt Empfehlungen der DGAI, doch sind vor allem
die Intensiv-Werte nicht mehr zeitgemäß und der aktuellen Situation
anzupassen.
Standardisierte Medizin – der Weg in die
Zukunft
Authors: Solcher Bertram
Published: December 2018

Medizin 4.0 oder Robotermedizin - wie immer man die technisch unterstützten
Arbeitsprozesse nennt, sie sorgen für Skepsis. Dabei birgt der Trend großes
Potenzial für Kliniken, außerdem setzt Digitalisierung dort an, wo es
niemandem weh tut.
Die Kunst, im Wandel zu führen
Authors: Eberhardt Doris
Published: December 2018

Orientiert am Clinical Leadership Programme des Royal College of Nursing, hat das Klinikum Neumarkt ein Führungsbildungsprogramm
auf den Weg gebracht. Es soll Team- und Bereichsleitungen helfen, Mitarbeiter sicher und erfolgreich durch Veränderungen
zu führen.
Talente im Visier
Authors: Maier Julia
Published: December 2018

Das Uniklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) hat eine Potenzialanalyse entwickelt, die Stärken von Mitarbeitern identifiziert und so eine gezielte
Personalentwicklung ermöglicht. Wie die Methode funktioniert, erklärt Joachim Prölß, Direktor für Patienten- und Pflegemanagement.
An einem Strang ziehen
Authors: Westen Marjoke
Published: December 2018

Teamarbeit zwischen Pflegenden und Ärzten ist auf den Stationen nicht mehr wegzudenken – das sollte man zumindest meinen. Tatsächlich aber
lässt sie häufig zu wünschen übrig. Woran das liegt und warum der gemeinsame Dialog so entscheidet ist, lesen Sie hier.