bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Students’ perceptions about interactive white board used in physics class
Fizik dersinde öğrencilerin akıllı tahta kullanımı ile ilgili algıları
Authors: Gürel Cem , Olgun Hakan , Arslan Ahmet
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this study is to reveal high school students’ perceptions about interactive white board (IWB) usage in physics class. In this study perceptions of students from a high school in Zonguldak city of Turkey about usage of IWB in instruction of topics from physics taken as an elective course. Action research carried out in two classes alternately one with traditional plane White board-projection system and in the other IWB used. Process applied with ABAB design and data collected with qualitative methods and tools. Research sample consists of 16 girls 13 boys from two classes. Data collected from journals and surveys written by the students. Questions given in the journals and surveys takes three categories; (1) Benefits, (2) Limitations and, (3) Advices for future uses. According to the results of the study, it appears that multimedia uses and attractive features of IWB makes it interesting for students. Moreover some advices were given by students in the usage of IWB. By the results of the data collected in this research educators will find useful information and future users will get practical preferences in using IWB. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin fizik dersinde akıllı tahtanın kullanımı ile ilgili algılarını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada Türkiye’nin Zonguldak ilindeki bir lisede Seçmeli Fizik dersini alan öğrencilerin bu derslerdeki akıllı tahta kullanımıyla ilgili algıları incelenmiştir. Çalıma, iki sınıfta akıllı tahta ile beyaz tahta-projeksiyon sistemlerinin kullanımlarının dönüşümlü olarak uygulanması şeklinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Süreç ABAB modeli ile uygulanmış ve veriler nitel yöntem ve araçlar ile toplanmıştır. Çalışmada 16 kız ve 13 erkek olmak üzere toplam 29 öğrenciye uygulanan anketler ve derslerde tutulan günlükler ile elde edilen veriler kullanılmıştır. Günlük ve anketlerdeki sorular üç alanı ele almaktadır: (1) Faydalar, (2) Sınırlılıklar ve (3) Gelecek için tavsiyeler. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, akıllı tahtanın çoklu ortam kullanımı ve çekici yönü ile öğrenciler tarafından ilgi uyarıcı bulunduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca, akıllı tahtanın gelecekteki kullanımları için tavsiyelerde de bulunulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın ortaya koyduğu verilerle eğitimciler akıllı tahtanın sınıflarda kullanımı ile ilgili bilgi edinebilecekler ve gelecekteki kullanıcılar akıllı tahta ile ilgili faydalı ipuçları bulabileceklerdir.
Religion und Politik. Plädoyer für offenen Religionsunterricht
Authors: Zilleßen Dietrich
Published: June 2016

A religious-pedagogical openness is rooted in a non-fundamentalist understanding of religion and politics-that is, in a modest religion and in a properly political approach to politics. The departure from “totalism”-in terms of a Trinitarian image of God as well as a political ethos-corresponds to the differentiation of “the political” (as the principle of democratic exchange) from politics (as a strategy of societal engagement). Religion neither elevates nor instantiates secular action, because it remains fundamentally open and finds itself entangled in unbelief beyond the reach of absolutist belief. “Political politics” is thus grounded in a non-normative ethic, and ultimately in an ethic of self-alienation (Oliver Marchart) that takes into account human failings. In every (political) justification there remains a plausible, unavailable remainder. Theological discourse about a groundless justification corresponds to a politics of forgiveness (Hannah Arendt).
Bibel als Medium der Identitätsbildung
Authors: Gennerich Carsten
Published: June 2016

In a first step the paper describes four motives of identity construction (purpose, self-worth, control, coherence). Applying these motives to the biblical story of the prodigal son the possible contribution of the bible to identity formation is illustrated. In a second step four basic processes of identity construction were defined (expectancies, argumentation, commitment, environmental influences). To each process theoretical assumptions and empirical finding related to the bible were reviewed and analyzed. Based on the described assumptions and finding the conclusion proposes practical ways to support a biblical identity development.
Religionslehrerausbildung an der Universität Göttingen – aufs Neue betrachtet
Authors: Schröder Bernd , Fuchs Monika E.
Published: June 2016

The authors describe recent changes within syllabuses for the formation of RE teachers at Goettingen University. Comparing the data given here with those given by a former report from 2007, readers will be able to reconstruct major changes in the course of study due to the so-called Bologna reform. Like seven years before, the article additionally offers some deepening insights into an opinion poll amongst students regarding their own academic years. Finally, some critical remarks regarding the impact of “Bologna” can be found.
Staatsexamen beim modularisierten Lehramt – konstruktive Hybridbildung oder Fremdkörper im System?
Authors: Kumlehn Martina , Schweitzer Friedrich
Published: June 2016

This article examines the situation of the training of religion teachers in two German Länder (states) that have not introduced the BA-/MA-model (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Baden-Württemberg). While the traditional state exam at the end of the training still is in use there, the training has nevertheless been modularized. The authors describe the respective situation in the two Länder, offering preliminary evaluations based on their teaching experience and students’ views.
Nach der Reform ist vor der Reform: ‚Audimaxismus‘ in Österreich
Authors: Rothgangel Martin
Published: June 2016

This article describes the different institution, structures, and courses of study for the training of religion teachers in Austria. It makes reference to the lively debates there and analyses open questions and unresolved problems that are connected to the most recent reform efforts. Special attention is given to the meaning of BA-/MA-models. Moreover, the author draws attention to important differences between models for teacher training based on the Bologna agreements in Austria and Germany.
Reform der Lehrerbildung und Religionslehrerbildung
Authors: Cramer Colin
Published: June 2016

Based on a comparison between the general educational and the subject-specific discussion on the training of (religion) teachers this article describes potentials and limitations of a subject-specific perspective on teacher training. The discussion on subject-related content and didactics depends on the culture of the subject. It should be more open for the educational discussion in the future. The subject-related discourse should not fall behind the general discourse, for example, in respect of using empirical evidence.
Die Ausbildung von Religionslehrkräften: Große Vielfalt, fehlender Mainstream, kaum Koordination – und der Vorschlag für eine professionstheoretische Vergewisserung
Authors: Grunder Hans-Ulrich
Published: June 2016

This article offers a review of the seven other articles in this issue, observing a manifold and multilayered, even disparate and uncoordinated and therefore professionally disquieting mixture of approaches, models, possible implementations and realized settings for the training of (religion) teachers in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Against this backdrop, the author suggests a model of his own concerning the relationship between different locations, shapes and contents in the training of future (religion) teachers, thus hoping to attain more coherence and a stronger focus on core issues of professional development.
Sensibilisieren, vor Augen führen und plausibilisieren
Authors: Domsgen Michael
Published: June 2016

With the increase of non-denominational pupils, the insight into how knowledge is conditioned by the social and local context gains significance for religious education. The following article examines the interaction of teaching/taught players within the classroom setting of religious education. The fundamental didactic responsibility is to sensitize pupils for religious interpretations and -lifestyle and to mark its plausibility beside a natural-scientific worldview which is common sense. According to the article this may be reached by creating possibilities and settings within the lessons allowing the pupils to be in contact with authentic representatives and by addressing essential issues concerning their life. Finally, the author expounds the prospects of the empowerment-concept within classroom settings and formulates a standard of religious education saying religious education has to enable the development of personality in its social context.
Begegnungsmöglichkeiten schaffen – Der Konfessionsbezug des evangelischen. Religionsunterrichts in einem mehrheitlich konfessionslosen Kontext
Authors: Lütze Frank M.
Published: June 2016

Protestant religious education is aimed primarily at protestant pupils, but is also open to non-denominational children. New challenges arise, if, as in some instances in eastern Germany, the majority of pupils in religious education are non-denominational - a situation, in which some traditional contents of protestant religious education may cause severe misunderstandings. The article argues, therefore, that protestant religious education should be based not only on a denominational teacher and curriculum, but should also focus on the practice of religion in a specific denominational style. Religious education under these circumstances is sometimes urged to leave the classroom for studying the practice of Christian belief and encountering the plurality of Protestantism.
„Quo vadis?“ – Wie geht es weiter mit der Kompetenzorientierung?
Authors: Schulte Andrea , Hahn Matthias
Published: June 2016

The article startswith summingup current discussions about competence-centred Religious Education (RE) at school. This kind of RE is based on the fundamental competences of religious education and the characteristics of good teaching according to Hilbert Meyer. What is still missing in pastor and teacher training is a practical guide on planning and giving lessons in competencecentred RE. In this context, previous lesson plans have to be substituted by lesson guidelines that are directed to processes and outcome. Furthermore, in order to come to more specific observations on pupils’ religious literacy, we will need more data and more refined analyses.
Performanzorientierte Religionsdidaktik. Oder: Wie können Schülerinnen und Schüler über religiöse Handlungen ins Gespräch kommen?
Authors: Käbisch David
Published: June 2016

The performative approach in religious education tries to answer the question of how to talk appropriately about religion with students who - for whatever reason - do not participate in any religious practice and thus lack personal experience to draw upon. Based on the latest statistics about church membership, prayer and the attendance of services in Germany, the article describes religious acts as preconditions for RE, as topics in RE and as aims of RE. In doing so, the author shows why performative methods in RE can be regarded as a specific form of activity-oriented teaching and therefore comply with the standards of general didactics.
Grundsatzbeiträge. Vielfalt und Verschiedenheit. Religionspädagogik im Zeichen von Pluralität und Heterogenität
Authors: Kumlehn Martina
Published: June 2016

This paper is placed in the discussion about the adequate dealing with plurality, diversity and heterogeneity in religious education, especially in the different cultural contexts in East and West-Germany according to the increase of non-denominational pupils and students. It considers in a perspective of religious hermeneutics marking points of a new culture of interest in religious questions. According to the change from plurality to heterogeneity as key aspects a variety of didactical concepts is introduced which reflects the complex situation.
Grundsatzbeiträge. Hermeneutisch-rekonstruktive Religionsforschung in pädagogisch-theologischem Interesse: Von der Person zur Kommunikation
Authors: Dressler Bernhard
Published: June 2016

Empirical research of religion brought Practical Theology to a deep understanding of the “lived religion”. According to this the specific profile of academic theology must be discussed precisely. It is necessary to describe the chances and limits of either quantitative or qualitative empirical approaches. Apparently, the crucial question is how the primary mode of religion can be analyzed and illustrated empirically.
Grundsatzbeiträge. Nicht-Wissen und Nicht-wissen-Können als Schlüsselfrage beim Planen und Durchführen von Religionsstunden
Authors: Büttner Gerhard
Published: June 2016

Teachers of religious education are guided by certain concepts shaping their topics. Hence these concepts inevitably influence the process and outcome of their lessons. This applies in particular on topics like creation/big bang, evolution or historical truth of biblical narratives (e. g. Moses). This paper argues to uncover unknown issues instead of obscure them and paper over the cracks.
Antrittsvorlesungen. Haltungen gegenüber Haltungen des Glaubens. Oder: Sich zu Religiösem und Religiosität ins Verhältnis setzen
Authors: Meyer Karlo
Published: June 2016

Due to their tradition, religious objects (as “witnesses” of a tradition) are related to specific attitudes through the way they are created and used (e. g. connected with believing). In the context of pedagogical presentation and reflection, religious themes and objects are embedded in differing attitudes - e.g. the ones towards believing. Thus, teachers do not only teach methods and religious objects, but also convey a hierarchy between both levels of attitudes by their activities. Regarding the process of pedagogical reflection, this implies that an attitude arising from the witness and its religious context needs to be considered in relation to those particularly intended for teaching. Otherwise, unintended mistakes may occur even in minor wordings. Consequently, this procedure requires separate pedagogical reflections on “the attitudes towards particular attitudes”, so to speak. The intentions and applied priorities concerning those attitudes hence need to be revealed.
Antrittsvorlesungen. „Tiefgründiges darüber Nachdenken […] ist im Reliunterricht ein bisschen zu kurz gekommen“. Zur religionsdidaktischen Bedeutung offener Fragen
Authors: Lütze Frank M.
Published: June 2016

The article deals with the widespread focus of religious education on religious knowledge. This focus correlates in many cases with an understanding of Christian belief as a set of answers to human questions. Regarding to self-critical traditions in Christian theology, f. e. in the work of Nicholas of Cusa or Søren Kierkegaard, this article pleads for religious education that emerges a culture of thoughtful questions in the center of a knowledge-based school system.
Antrittsvorlesungen. Ökumenische Differenzkompetenz. Plädoyer für eine didaktische Kultur konfessioneller Kooperation im Religionsunterricht
Authors: Simojoki Henrik
Published: June 2016

What is gained by intensified cooperation between Protestant and Catholic Religious Education in German schools? Drawing back to empirical findings on the religious attitudes of today’s youth as well as to current pedagogical and theological discourses on difference and alterity, this article sets out to theoretically underpin such cooperation. It offers a difference-orientated perspective on cooperative ecumenical learning in RE and argues that such learning needs to be rooted in a specific learning culture. At the end, an innovative university course is presented that is designed to foster professional competencies related to interdenominational cooperation in RE.
Antrittsvorlesungen. Religiöse Bildung bei Goethe. Oder: Was eine moderne Universität von ihrem Namenspatron lernen kann
Authors: Käbisch David
Published: June 2016

Can a person have a religious education and not participate in religious practices? What is it that distinguishes religious education from religious literacy, and a religious person from a non-religious person? In his inaugural professorial lecture, which was held at Frankfurt University, David Käbisch gives an answer to these questions regarding the most famous native of Frankfurt, the poet and writer Johann Wolfgang Goethe. By doing so, the author shares his understanding of religious literacy including current research and future plans
Die Tora im Judentum
Authors: Liss Hanna
Published: June 2016

The article assumes a formal difference of understanding of the Torah in Judaism and the biblical theology of the Old Testament. The Jewish understanding of the Torah as a self-contained complex of meaning could be identified by the fact that law and legal regulations formed the actual core of the cult and communal life. The leading idea therefore is the Torah as a corpus of law and as the spiritual-religious center of Judaism in history. Events and narrations would be secondary. In the center of the Torah there would be not the personal luck of the individual, but the means of existence of the people of Israel.
Zeit-Wege und Wege-Zeit der Tora – Chancen eines beziehungsorientierten Erinnerungslernens
Authors: Boschki Reinhold , Schlag Thomas
Published: June 2016

The article deals with the question how the Torah can become a relevant topic in learning and teaching processes in religious education. In doing so, the motif of „godly and humanly commemoration“ is used to elaborate on the idea that learning is commemoration in a two-fold sense: „It is the commemoration of god and the commemoration of the human being, in which the shared memory of the human being and god form a oneness.“ Derived from this idea the thought is developed, that such a learning remembrance is on the one hand aimed at the interpretation of the present, but on the other hand also aimed at creating perspectives for the future. Commemoration aims at concretion in the present with a glance at the future.
Advokatorisches Lehren und Lernen im Horizont der Tora
Authors: Brumlik Micha
Published: June 2016

The importance of the Torah for both present and future is developed by using patterns of interpretations formulated by referring to Emmanuel Levinas’ thoughts on the idea of „Election“. According to Levinas, the task of Judaism is to take responsibility and accountability for others in cases where a different rule is not available or applicable. The ideas of Levinas oscillate between particular-historical and universalistic-moral perspectives. The idea of advocatory learning therefore is characterized by the deeply rooted trust in God as a first step and critical reflection as a second step.
Historische Vorläufer der Idee der Inklusion. Der Wandel pädagogischer, sozialpolitischer und theologischer Leitbegriffe
Authors: Rohrmann Eckhard
Published: June 2016

This article deals with a critical analysis of the currently popular concept of “inclusion”. It wants to show that the idea of „inclusion“ is not as new as the term, thus trying to trace the roots of this idea to the 17th century. The article also shows that inclusion currently remains a social utopia whose implementation in the face of the prevailing conditions at schools and in society is still far away.
Die Deutungsmacht der eigenen Erfahrung. Inklusives Lernen in der Wahrnehmung von Religionslehrkräften
Authors: Käbisch David
Published: June 2016

Teachers of Religious Education have divergent views on the inclusion of students with special needs in mainstream classrooms. Therefore, a sample of 6 RE teachers were asked for their views on the topic, including their professional self-image and how it affects their attitudes and beliefs about inclusion and social integration at schools. The main objective of the study was to describe the interplay between the teachers’ experiences and their power of interpretation (‚Deutungsmacht‘).
Religiöse Bildung im Raum der Öffentlichkeit – eine bildungstheoretische Skizze in theologischer Perspektive
Authors: Schlag Thomas
Published: June 2016

Religious education can only contribute to current public discourses and indicate its specific relevance for public education if it reflects about its theological perspective and contents. Due to a theological interpretation of the public space as being affected by the idea of God’s Holy Spirit, such theological perspective can be seen as a substantial contribution of Religious Education within the public realm and the concrete school context.
Nicht unverständlich – aber unvollständig. Ein Modell zur Entwicklung von Lernaufgaben zur Förderung eines theologischen Argumentierens im evangelischen Religionsunterricht der gymnasialen Oberstufe
Authors: Weiß Thomas
Published: June 2016

The article is devoted to the subject of Religious Education and the public sphere. Its leading question explores the ability of students of upper secondary school to argue about creation and evolution. Argumentation is understood as one of the key cultural techniques needed in order to participate in the public discourse. Examples are provided that serve as a starting point for a model to foster argumentation in religious education. The article concludes with the thesis that a decisive task of religious education research and practice should be to foster argumentation as a decisive cultural technique for the public discourse.
Schulpastoral an öffentlichen Schulen
Authors: Könemann Judith
Published: June 2016

Using the example of a 2012-2014 research project about pastoral work in public schools, the essay aims to demonstrate how ecclesial acts outside of Religious Education in the context of public schools can contribute to civil society as a place of “everyday democracy” - both at the micro level of individuals, of students and teachers, and at the meso level of schools as organizations. This is based on the premise of an understanding of civil society which is located between the private sphere of individuals on one side and the state/political level on the other side. At a normative level, this definition understands prosocial orientations (solidarity, community spirit, etc.) as a place of everyday democracy and focuses on the representation of common interests. The churches - as intermediary organizations - also are a central part of this civil society.
Öffentlichkeit und Evangelische Schulen oder Evangelische Schulen als öffentliche Schulen
Authors: Schluß Henning
Published: June 2016

In recent years, within the horizon of financially independent schools, the question of the status of schools sponsored by the Protestant Church arises in a new light. The article argues that it is an achievement that school is public. At the same time, the concept of the public has to be discussed critically. In the field of education, ‘public’ is still confused with government. Yet both are not the same, which is clarified with a historical perspective. In particular, a Protestant school system must be interested, from its own self-understanding, to be understood as a system of public education. Exclusivity cannot be a hallmark of a Protestant education. Nevertheless, Protestant schools are characterized by a special pedagogical and particularly religious profile, but are open to all who wish to participate. It is the diversity of profiles which is needed for a sustainable education system in a pluralistic world. Different profiles must be possible regardless of the sponsorship, also the public claim must be maintained. This can sometimes create tensions, but these are not ‘antagonistic contradictions’. Instead, they can promote education as a whole.
Conchita Wurst im Kontext einer „Öffentlichen Religionspädagogik“
Authors: Fischer Martin , Sobreira-Majer Alfred Garcia
Published: June 2016

Winning the Eurovision Song Contest in 2014 Conchita Wurst raised questions about sexual identity by both the general public and pupils of Religious Education at schools, thus challenging teachers and academic theology alike. This article examines attitudes of Austrian pupils towards other than heteronormative lives; it outlines the role of theology from a genderconscious perspective in the context of the latest genetic research; and it discusses the role of public Religious Education in order to bring about a school that values diversity beyond heteronormativity.
Jaguares en el Parque Nacional Corcovado, Costa Rica
Authors: Sarmiento Rausel
Published: June 2016

Se compararon las estimaciones poblacionales del jaguar (Panthera onca), derivadas de dos sesiones de muestreo y un trabajo previo: todas obtenidas en 2003 en la parte central del Parque Nacional Corcovado (PNC), Costa Rica. La técnica usada fue cámaras trampa con modelos de población cerrada. La comparación de las poblaciones indicó que la técnica es eficiente en la temporada seca. Las estimaciones poblacionales obtenidas bajo un escenario conservador y otro ideal alertan sobre la necesidad de atender tanto la calidad del hábitat dentro del PNC como fuera para asegurar el flujo de individuos, de lo contrario son pocas las probabilidades de subsistencia a largo plazo de esta especie.
Desvelos de la felicidad. Imaginario para repensar la educación en la era de la crisis ambiental
Authors: Leff Enrique
Published: June 2016

Considerando la felicidad como el antídoto contra la desesperanza, y revelando su naturaleza inaprensible, se plantea que su conquista y el aprendizaje de ella son imprescindibles para el logro de un mundo nuevo sin opresión entre humanos, sin exclusiones de culturas ni de saberes y sin degradación ambiental.
Ordenamiento territorial y planificación en Siquirres. Un enfoque geográfico
Authors: Arrieta Omar
Published: June 2016

Se plantea resumidamente el marco teórico y metodológico desde el que se efectúan los estudios científicos a partir de los que se ha de diseñar el plan regulador del cantón de Siquirres (Costa Rica). Se expone el proceso de formación histórica del espacio objeto de estudio. Luego, se resume los resultados empíricos obtenidos de las investigaciones socioeconómica y físico-biológica del territorio en cuestión. Y, finalmente, se hace una propuesta preliminar de cuáles son las unidades del paisaje allí dominantes como guía para la planificación futura del cantón.
Henri Pittiery 120 años de meteorología en Costa Rica
Authors: Sánchez Mario
Published: June 2016

El primer Servicio Meteorológico, en Costa Rica, fue fundado el 7 de abril de 1888 por don Mauro Fernández, durante el gobierno de don Bernardo Soto, formando parte del Instituto Físico Geográfico Nacional. Su primer director fue el científico suizo, doctor en ciencias, Henri Pittier, quien lo dirigió durante 16 años (1888–1904). Su primera ubicación fue el Liceo de Costa Rica, que había sido fundado el año anterior y del cual el doctor Pittier era profesor. Realizó aquí las primeras observaciones de lluvia y temperatura en San José y el estudio de las condiciones del clima del país.
Cuarto informe del Panel Intergubernamental de Expertos en Cambio Climático: resumen
Authors: Chacón Ana Rita
Published: June 2016

El cuarto informe del Panel Intergubernamental de Expertos en Cambio Climático presenta información científica basada en estudios realizados en los últimos años. Tiene cuatro componentes: base científica; impactos, adaptación y vulnerabilidad; mitigación, e informe de síntesis. Entre las premisas importantes de este cuarto informe está la nueva definición de cambio climático, en la que se incorpora la variabilidad climática. Destaca también la certeza del calentamiento del sistema climático y que el calentamiento antropogénico y el aumento del nivel del mar continuarán aunque las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero se redujesen lo suficiente para estabilizar las concentraciones de gases, lo que hace que los sistemas, sectores y regiones resulten especialmente afectados por el cambio climático. El informe presenta los probables impactos en agricultura, silvicultura y ecosistemas, recursos hídricos, salud humana, industria y asentamientos, así como opciones de reducción en diferentes sectores.
Predicción del clima y modelos numéricos
Authors: Stolz Werner
Published: June 2016

La modelación numérica del tiempo y del clima ha permitido estimar el comportamiento atmosférico a diversas escalas temporales y espaciales. El avance tecnológico ha contribuido a que los periodos temporales de previsión sean cada vez mayores y las escalas espaciales cada vez menores, aumentando, así, la resolución de ambos. En Costa Rica se inició operativamente la modelación del tiempo en alta resolución en el año 2003, llegando a ser, actualmente, una herramienta fundamental, tanto para el pronóstico del tiempo a niveles local y regional, como para la estimación de los escenarios de cambio climático en el siglo XXI en el país.
Ciencia y geopolítica en los orígenes de la Revolución Verde
Authors: Picado Wilson
Published: June 2016

Se analiza el peso de la geopolítica en la expansión de las semillas de alto rendimiento en el Tercer Mundo, a través del estudio de los casos de México, India y Costa Rica. En México, la investigación agrícola, apoyada a partir de 1943 por la Fundación Rockefeller, permitió el desarrollo de semillas de trigo altamente productivas. En India, cuna de la denominación Revolución Verde, la llegada de estas semillas ocurrió en el marco de la expansión del comunismo en el Sudeste Asiático y del consecuente interés de Estados Unidos por controlar la conflictividad social en los campos agrícolas. En Costa Rica, su posición estratégica en torno al Canal de Panamá, implicó un notable interés de EU en el desarrollo de un programa de producción de alimentos que prepararía el terreno para que, años después, se adoptaran las semillas y la tecnología de la Revolución Verde.
Producir más energía: cómo, cuándo y cuánto
Authors: Vargas Leiner
Published: June 2016

Aumentar la generación de electricidad no es la única solución para un sistema eléctrico. Existen muchas maneras diferentes, las tecnologías están disponibles y también las diferentes instituciones de apoyo. El principal problema es definir el derecho institucional a fin de lograr una vía sostenible de desarrollo del sector. En este documento se trata la cuestión de la sostenibilidad del sector eléctrico respecto de la respuesta a la pregunta sobre cómo, cuándo y cuán-to producir de electricidad a partir de diferentes fuentes, en virtud de un sistema eléctrico orientado a nuevas institu-ciones de mercado.
Contaminación de aguas por el beneficiado del café en Costa Rica entre 1840 y 1910
Authors: Montero Andrea , Sandí José Aurelio
Published: June 2016

La contaminación con las aguas mieles del café debe ser entendida como un “conflicto de contenido ambiental”. En este sentido, resulta necesario contextualizarla, pues la teorización de los que son conflictos ambientales ha suscitado cierto debate dentro de la academia, sobre todo después de la difusión exitosa de la teoría del “ecologis-mo popular” (Joan Martínez-Alier y Ramachandra Guha). En vista de lo anterior, en este artículo se aborda la temática de la contaminación de aguas superficiales con mieles de café aludiendo a los discursos que articularon la población civil, como parte demandante, y los beneficiadores del la fruta, como parte demandada. Asimismo, se versa sobre las respuestas estatales y privadas ante la contaminación de las fuentes de suministro hídrico.
Riqueza, diversidad y estado de conservación de murciélagos en el Corredor Biológico Chorotega
Authors: Gordillo Elías José , Úrdiales Jeannette , Sáenz Joel C.
Published: June 2016

La fragmentación de la cobertura de bosque primario ha ocasionado que muchas especies y grupos taxonómicos se vean afectados por la pérdida de conectividad, el efecto de borde y la disminución de recursos. Por tal razón, han surgido los corredores biológicos como una estrategia de conservación. Considerando la necesidad de evaluar la viabilidad tanto social como biológica del Corredor Biológico Chorotega (sector Diriá-Ostional), seleccionamos el grupo de murciélagos como un elemento de importancia para la evaluación biológica de dicho corredor. En el presente estudio realizamos una evaluación rápida de la riqueza y diversidad de murciélagos a lo largo del Corredor con el objetivo de determinar la viabilidad de él para este grupo así como para obtener información base que permita la toma de decisiones. Durante el presente estudio registramos 25 especies de murciélagos por medio de un esfuerzo de muestreo de 54 horas red en cuatro puntos a lo largo del Corredor. La mayoría de las especies registradas corresponden a especies generalistas pero de gran importancia para la regeneración de los bosques por su amplia capacidad de dispersión de semillas.
La vida del gaucho de la pampa argentina desde una crónica martiana. Estudios y aproximaciones
Authors: Bernardes-Martínez Yísel
Published: June 2016

En la crónica titulada “La pampa”, publicada en el diario mexicano El Partido Liberal el 19 de diciembre de 1889, la cual también fue publicada en El Sudamericano, de Buenos Aires, el 20 de mayo de 1890, Martí recrea la vida del gaucho argentino en su hábi-tat. La escritura martiana nos dibuja, con imágenes salidas de una realidad descarnada, natural y libre, la dura existencia del gaucho. La visión mar-tiana nos brinda una idea clara de las luchas y nostalgias del gaucho  y, en particular, brinda el contra-punto entre la imagen pintoresca del llanero romántico y a realidad cruda que enfrenta. Este artículo analiza estos aspectos.
"Tengo sobre mí los males de mi pueblo". Interpelación y advertencia desde el quehacer martiano
Authors: Verdini-Aguilar Marina
Published: June 2016

Se propone un análisis histórico del ensayo Nuestra América, escrito por el intelectual revolucionario José J. Martí.  Conocer y analizar los múltiples contextos históricos de nuestra América se constituyeron en una condición fundamental para concretar la praxis libertaria martiana pues en nuestro presente también resulta vital para cualquier abordaje que se proponga contribuir en la transformación de las plurales situaciones de dependencia y dominación que mutan,  en tanto se transforma el sistema que las origina.  Posicionándonos en este marco, desde la labor de historiar, proponemos la construcción de una epistemología genuina cuyos contenidos interpelen al pensamiento, revisando sus modos habituales del pensar. El estudio de los múltiples y diversos textos martianos permite concebir la praxis de su autor como un complejo que asocia la historia de su propio presente revolucionario con una nítida crítica sui generis y contrahegemónica que consideramos todavía vigente.
IEBZAQUA. Cuerpo y territorio
Authors: Villabona-Juez José Ángel
Published: June 2016

Iebzaqua, es un viaje a través de un proceso que parte de una búsqueda personal de integrar la formación como artista plástico a una propuesta pedagógica frente al cuerpo en relación a la concepción de territorio, desde lo físico y lo simbólico, como un camino de encuentro intercultural y de mutuo aprendizaje con comunidades educativas en diferentes contextos. En el trabajo el arte, el cuerpo y el territorio adquieren un componente simbólico, son vistos como el primer territorio el de la vida, lugar donde se gesta la experiencia pues conocemos con el cuerpo y a través del cuerpo miramos el mundo. En ese sentido es entendido como una forma de ser, de estar y de ubicarse en el espacio. Subjetivamente cómo me ubico, como sujeto, en un territorio y lo comprendo en relación a las posibilidades culturales e históricas
¿Neoextractivismo....o el mismo saqueo?
Authors: Álvarez-Mora Mauricio
Published: June 2016

A partir de las teorías y aportes de investigadores sobre el tema de industrias extractivas, se intenta re-solver las siguientes interrogantes: ¿qué es el extractivismo?, ¿es un nue-vo proceso de acumulación capitalis-ta o tiene antecedentes coloniales?, ¿existen diferencias sustantivas en el abordaje de gobierno entre izquierda y derecha?, ¿cuál es el panorama de la región?, ¿cuáles son las respuestas de las ciencias sociales ante este fenó-meno?, ¿hay alternativas al modelo extractivista?. Intentaremos dar respuestas y generar más preguntas sobre el tema para comprender mejor y aportar a una discusión abierta, actualmente tanto en nuestros países como en el mundo. No estamos frente a un fenónomeno necesariamente nuevo o diferente, si no uno que tiene raíces históricas profundas y complejas implicaciones. Entre los aspectos que distinguen a los gobiernos progresistas de los neolibe-rales en el tema del extractivismo se encuentran mayor control del Estado y no del mercado, hay un creciente porcentaje de ganancias, rentas, impuestos y con más gasto social en la población población. La imposición de los proyectos, sus impactos y la represión con matices, resulta similar en ambos sistemas. La acción crítica y de resistencia social ante el imperante extractivismo ha dado origen a una corriente de pensamiento para la cual se ha acuñado el término de postextractivismo, conformada por académicos, investigadores, exministros de gobiernos progresistas. ¿En qué consiste y qué plantea?
Teologias e ecofeminismos da América Latina: o sopro da vida para a plenitude da vida
Authors: Barredo-Pantí Priscilla
Published: June 2016

Este artigo procura mostrar a contri-buição significativa das teologias lati-no-americanos e ecofeminism ao pen-samento e reflexão bíblico-teológica e socio-pastoral latino-americana. Ele tenta relacionar Criação e o modelo antropocêntrico, patriarcal que se re-flete, sobretudo, no neoliberalismo que domina a vida em todas as suas mani-festações. A proposta assume uma pers-pectiva teológica latino-americana que é feminista e libertadora.
EFFECT OF COMMERCIALLY MANUFACTURED KAPPA SEMI-REFINED CARRAGEENAN (SRC) WITH DIFFERENT PHOSPHATE SALTS ON YIELD, TEXTURAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF BEEF MEAT
Authors: Murugesan Marimuthu , Packrisamy Ilansuriyan , N Yap Tony , Munisamy Shanmugam
Published: June 2016

The phosphate salts such as SDP, TSP, SHMP, DSP, TPPP, TKPP and STPP were blended with semi-refined kappa carrageenan (SRC) individually and their aqueous solution was injected into the fresh beef meat. The highest weight gain (24%) in fresh meat was obtained from injection of blend made with SRC and STPP as compared to other blends and control sample after forzen storage. Similarly, it also showed low cooking loss (24%) with good testural and sensory proerties as compared to other blends. It can be concluded from the presnt study that blend of SRC and STPP can be used in beef meat for yield and quality improvement.
E-Cigarettes and Future Cigarette Use
Authors: Barrington-Trimis Jessica L. , Urman Robert , Berhane Kiros , Unger Jennifer B. , Cruz Tess Boley , Pentz Mary Ann , Samet Jonathan M. , Leventhal Adam M. , McConnell Rob
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND:

There has been little research examining whether e-cigarette use increases the risk of cigarette initiation among adolescents in the transition to adulthood when the sale of cigarettes becomes legal.

METHODS:

The Children’s Health Study is a prospectively followed cohort in Southern California. Data on e-cigarette use were collected in 11th and 12th grade (mean age = 17.4); follow-up data on tobacco product use were collected an average of 16 months later from never-smoking e-cigarette users at initial evaluation (n = 146) and from a sample of never-smoking, never e-cigarette users (n = 152) frequency matched to e-cigarette users on gender, ethnicity, and grade.

RESULTS:

Cigarette initiation during follow-up was reported by 40.4% of e-cigarette users (n = 59) and 10.5% of never users (n = 16). E-cigarette users had 6.17 times (95% confidence interval: 3.30–11.6) the odds of initiating cigarettes as never e-cigarette users. Results were robust to adjustment for potential confounders and in analyses restricted to never users of any combustible tobacco product. Associations were stronger in adolescents with no intention of smoking at initial evaluation. E-cigarette users were also more likely to initiate use of any combustible product (odds ratio = 4.98; 95% confidence interval: 2.37–10.4), including hookah, cigars, or pipes.

CONCLUSIONS:

E-cigarette use in never-smoking youth may increase risk of subsequent initiation of cigarettes and other combustible products during the transition to adulthood when the purchase of tobacco products becomes legal. Stronger associations in participants with no intention of smoking suggests that e-cigarette use was not simply a marker for individuals who would have gone on to smoke regardless of e-cigarette use.
CONTENIDOS ESTOMACALES DE ESPECIES DE ANUROS EN RESERVAS NATURALES DEL MUNICIPIO DE VILLAVICENCIO, META, COLOMBIA
Authors: Astwood-Romero Jorge Anthony , Álvarez-Perdomo Natalia , Parra-Torres Manuel Felipe , Rojas-Peña José Ismael , Nieto-Vera Mónica Tatiana , Ardila-Robayo María Cristina
Published: June 2016

Se analizó el contenido de 546 estómagos de 24 especies de anuros del piedemonte de la vertiente oriental de la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia. Cada estómago fue extraído, disectado y preservado, se realizaron mediciones de masa y volumen en lleno y vacío. Posteriormente, para cada una de las presas, se realizó la identificación taxonómica, conteo y se midieron el ancho y el largo de aquellas completas para establecer su aporte al volumen estomacal. Se identificaron 37 ítems alimenticios representados en 2986 individuos o partes de ellos. El porcentaje de vacuidad alcanzó una media de 25,2±23,02% del total estudiado. Los ítems más representativos corresponden a la Clase Insecta (95%), distribuidos en Hymenoptera (72.9%), Coleoptera (8%), Isoptera (6.2%) y Orthoptera (1,6%). Dentro de los artrópodos no insectos el ítem más representativo está en la Clase Arachnida (4%). La mayoría de las especies presentan valores medios y altos de amplitud de nicho, es decir, son generalistas en el consumo de presas.
DIVERSITY OF NECROPHAGOUS BLOWFLY (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY IMPORTANCE IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS IN CÓRDOBA (ARGENTINA)
Authors: Battán-Horenstein Moira , Bellis Laura M. , Gleiser Raquel M.
Published: June 2016

The complex nature of urban environments can have different effects on species diversity and composition. The aim of this work was to characterize the assemblage of Calliphoridae regarding its richness, abundance, and synanthropy in Córdoba City, Argentina. Three sampling sites differing in their distance to the border of the city and degree of urbanization were selected. In each site, collections were carried out with 12 traps baited with cow liver (200 g per trap) that were operated for five consecutive days during three different times of the year, in April, June and August 2013. A total of 341 adult calliphorids from nine species, Lucilia sericata (Meigen), L. eximia (Wiedemann), L. cuprina (Wiedemann), L. cluvia (Walker), Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, Sarconesia chlorogaster (Wiedemann), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann), C. megacephala (Fabricius) and C. chloropyga (Wiedemann) were collected. Lucilia sericata was the most abundant species followed by C. vicina. Species diversity, composition and abundance changed between sites, richness being lowest at the most urbanized site. All species are cosmopolitan except Sarconesia chlorogaster, whose distribution is restricted to South America. These results are consistent with a homogenization of the fauna in urban environments.
La dimensión estética: estética, política, conocimiento
Authors: Rancière Jacques
Published: June 2016

Partiendo de la filosofía de las facultades de Kant para comprender la estética como la capacidad de darle sentido a un sentido dado, este artículo identifica y elabora el concepto de disenso como una perturbación de la relación normal entre sentido y sentido, que produce un suplemento excesivo en relación con las partes que constituyen el sentido dado. La cuestión es cómo interpretar este suplemento. A través de una definición de heteronomía ética y de heterotopía estética como dos interpretaciones posibles y opuestas, en este texto se elabora un concepto de política como una reconfiguración disensual de las texturas sensibles de la sociedad, vinculado con un principio anárquico de la democracia. Al criticar la idea de Derrida de la democracia por venir como una interpretación ética del suplemento, se acude a la dimensión estética de la política como una escenificación del disenso, como un conflicto de diferentes mundos sensibles para enfrentar temas como conocimiento, filosofía y la figura política del demos.
¿Un derecho que no es un derecho? El derecho como estructura política del desacuerdo
Authors: Quintana Laura
Published: June 2016

Me propongo en este artículo perseguir, siguiendo algunas producciones discursivas de ciertos movimientos populares, la manera en que estos, en sus prácticas transformativas, reivindican un derecho que no puede reducirse a los derechos instituidos en un marco legal, ni interpretarse desde una comprensión meramente reformista de la acción política. En este sentido hablo en el texto de un “derecho que no es un derecho” sino una estructura política del desacuerdo; esto es, un derecho que resulta clave para mostrar cómo en tales acciones pueden desplegarse procesos de subjetivación política que hacen emerger, a la vez, instancias polémicas de desidentificación y formas otras de ser en común, que pueden considerarse a la vez disensuales y “experimentales”.
La política espiritual
Authors: Rambeau Frédéric
Published: June 2016

Según Foucault, la sublevación del pueblo iraní muestra, a finales de los años setenta, qué tanto la fuerza política del Islam se debe justamente al hecho de que ella no se sitúa centralmente sobre el terreno de la política, sino sobre el de la ética. La religión (el Islam chiita) se presenta como la garantía de una transformación real en el modo de vida. Esta política espiritual, marginal en relación al marxismo, se le aparece a este como una discontinuidad respecto a la política, porque ella se mantiene irreductible a su racionalización estratégica. Ella invita también, indicando en este punto de lo intolerable, la fuente viva y el impulso crítico de la ética ‘foucaultiana’ de las prácticas de sí, a reconocer en la “subjetivación” una dimensión susceptible de escapar al circulo de la libertad trazado por su total inmanencia al poder. Esta es la apuesta que se ha concentrado finalmente en las aporías del concepto ‘foucaultiano’ de “relación consigo mismo”, a la vez condición primera de la ‘gubernamentalidad’ y punto de resistencia último a toda ‘gubernamentalidad’. Él revela así las dificultades impuestas por la vuelta de la subjetivación política a favor de la subjetivación ética.