bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medical and social aspects of pregnancy termination
Authors: Oboskalova T. A. , Kolpashchikova G. I. , Voronova S. А. , Prokhorova Е. А.
Published: November 2021

The article examines the attitude of women to the problem and the abortion procedure and the organization of the work of the gynecological service to provide assistance in connection with an unplanned pregnancy. The questionnaires of women who decided to terminate a pregnancy were analyzed, as well as the qualitative indicators of the activities of institutions.

It was shown that the main reason for the termination of pregnancy was dissatisfaction with the financial situation (28.1%). 96.3% of women knew that abortion is fraught with serious complications. 48.6% of women prefer to terminate pregnancy by mini-abortion, 33.7% by medication. Less than half of the patients are satisfied with the quality of care for termination of pregnancy. Risk groups are adolescents and women of older reproductive age. 67.6% of the respondents need advice on methods of contraception. Satisfied with the quality of consulting 38.8%.

Along with educating the population about the dangers of abortion and teaching family planning methods, it is necessary to create comfortable conditions for abortion, ensure maximum safety of the procedure, conduct rehabilitation after an abortion in order to eliminate negative consequences, advise on the prevention of unplanned pregnancy in the future, and select adequate contraception.
Efficiency of realization of complex preventive maintenance and corrections of the perinatal pathology at psycho emotional stress during pregnancy
Authors: Malgina G. B. , Abramchenko V. V.
Published: November 2021

The scheme of the complex prophylactics and correction of the perinatal pathology at psychoemotional stress during the pregnancy is presented. Differential psychotherapy, sedative therapy, antioxydant therapy, metabolic therapy, permanent tocolitic therapy, physiotherapy (electrical therapy by interferential currents, electrophoresis of heparine by sinusoidal modulated electrical current) and delivery in perinatal center in the presense of the partner are described and explained from the pathogenetic's point of view. The present technology will allow to improve the perinatal outcome and to perform the prophylactics of the following perinatal pathology: severe placental insufficiency, the fetal hypotrophy and premature delivery.
Experience of use indivina for treatment of climacteric syndrome in postmenopausal patients
Authors: Ryabtseva Inna T. , Shapovalova Kira A.
Published: November 2021

The paper clarified the effectiveness of a monophasic estrogen-progestogen preparation of an individual with an individual selection of dosages for the treatment of climacteric syndrome in postmenopausal women. All observed had a good effect of therapy and good tolerability of the drug.
Changes of lipids exchange in the postmenopausal women
Authors: Maichuck Е. Y. , Yureneva S. V. , Vasilevitskaya O. А.
Published: November 2021

The results of large studies have shown that women with the onset of menopause significantly increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

This is associated with the loss of the cardioprotective effect of estrogens and the formation of the so-called menopausal metabolic syndrome, which includes changes in the metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins, insulin and carbohydrates, as well as hemostasis and fibrinolysis. Simultaneous shutdown of ovarian function in women of reproductive age after total oophorectomy causes the early development of delayed climacteric disorders, including cardiovascular diseases. Timely administration of hormone replacement therapy can prevent the development of adverse metabolic changes and reduce cardiovascular risk.
Pathological preliminary period
Authors: Savitsky Alexey G.
Published: November 2021

Pathological preliminary period (PPP) is represented real obstetric problem, patogenesis with which up to the end stay not clear. In study of features of its occurrence and current the opportunity of a prediction serious pathology in labour (anomaly of patrimonial activity, hypoxia of a fetus etc.). Distinguish hypotonic variant PPP, at which activate fasic a component of uterus contraction, and the hypertonic variant, at which characteristic increase tonus of myometrium. At any variant similar pathology requires treatment, for what is made regularize contructionf activity of the uterus by tocolitical preparations, are arranged for the accelerated maturing cervix (prostoglandins of group E), is normalized a psyxo-somatic condition of the pregnant women (medicine dream, fysiotherapy). It is necessary to carry out a dynamic estimation uteroplacentaly hemodinamics and condition of a fetus. In case of long current PPP (more than 5 day) and unsuccessful of medical measures is recommended labor by operation section of cesarea. The further study of problems of occurrence and current PPP with attraction of modern diagnostic techniques is required, that will allow prediction of complication in labour.
Sexually transmitted infections at the women of reproductive age: risk factors, clinicoepidemiological data
Authors: Grinenko G. V. , Savicheva Alevtina M.
Published: November 2021

The article presents the review of modem literature dedicated epidemiological data and risk factors of sexually transmitted infections in women of reproductive age.
Desafíos hacia la eliminación de la malaria urbana/peri en Guapi (Colombia), 2016
Authors: Murillo Olga Lucia , Padilla Julio Cesar , Escobar José Pablo , Morales Carlos Andrés , Morales Carlos Andrés
Published: November 2021

I: Para mantener la reducción de la malaria, se promueven iniciativas que aceleren la eliminación. En años recientes con la reducción sostenida de la malaria, Colombia hacia el 2021 propone su eliminación en áreas urbanas por lo cual se requieren investigaciones para este desafío O: Establecer la situación epidemiológica de la transmisión de malaria urbana/peri en Guapi 2011-2015 y describir los desafíos en capacidad vectorial, receptividad, infectividad y vulnerabilidad. M: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, se obtuvieron datos epidemiológicos, entomológicos, parasitológicos, de servicios de salud y socio económicos mediante entrevistas y fuentes secundarias. Con la información se realizaron análisis uni y bivariados, se aplicaron formatos de eliminación de malaria propuestos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud y se analizaron brechas. R: Se notificaron 1097 casos, 39,5% se registraron en el área urbana/peri, y a su vez, el 68% de éstos se concentraron en tres barrios. En capacidad vectorial se identificó como vector primario a anopheles albimanus, con susceptibilidad a los insecticidas, múltiples criaderos y estrategias de instalación de mosquiteros con altas coberturas; en infectividad se encontró predominio de infecciones por p. falciparum, oportunidad de consulta en las primeras 48 horas del 48,1% y automedicación; en vulnerabilidad los casos no urbanos representaron 60,5 % del total. C: La malaria se caracterizó por ser de baja intensidad, focalizada y con picos. Hay significativa receptividad, en infectividad hay retrasos de oportunidad de consulta y existe alta vulnerabilidad por población migrante.
Orden de los apellidos: autonomía privada, interés superior del menor y no discriminación por razón de sexo
Authors: Quicios Molina M.ª Susana
Published: November 2021

La imposición del apellido materno y del apellido paterno a los hijos se ha convertido en una cuestión compleja cuando el legislador ha entendido que la preferencia del apellido paterno es una opción discriminatoria para la mujer. Las sucesivas reformas de nuestro ordenamiento, en 1981, 1999 y 2011, han recurrido a la autonomía privada y al interés superior del menor para resolver el problema, pero la excesiva vacatio legis de la Ley del Registro Civil de 22 de julio de 2011 ha propiciado que los tribunales de instancia siguieran resolviendo las controversias entre los progenitores con arreglo a una norma reglamentaria, poco cuestionada, pero probablemente ilegal. El Tribunal Supremo, sin embargo, recurre al interés superior del menor desde 2015 para priorizar el apellido materno cuando se determina de manera sobrevenida la paternidad. El Tribunal Constitucional no ha sidosuficientemente concluyente en sus sentencias, y no se ha pronunciado expresamente sobre la vulneración del principio de no discriminación. El fallo de su Sentencia de 14 dediciembre de 2020 conduce a la búsqueda del interés del menor por encima de la voluntad de los progenitores, expresada en la demanda y la contestación. El Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, en su reciente Sentencia de 26 de octubre de 2021 (caso León Madrid contra España), ha considerado discriminatoria la regulación española que anteponía el apellido paterno a falta de acuerdo.
Con voto y voz: Una nueva mirada a la cultura política liberal desde la perspectiva de los electores
Authors: Luján Oriol
Published: November 2021

Este artículo tiene el objetivo de contrastar algunos de los elementos que la historiografía ha identificado como definitorios y compartidos entre las culturas políticas liberales, construidos a partir de la mirada de las elites políticas, con la visión que los electores sostuvieron de su condición y del sentido que dieron al voto. Para conseguir este fin el texto examinará protestas de actas electorales, recursos de inclusión en el censo electoral y otra documentación escrita por los electores en los años de consolidación del liberalismo en España (1837-1868). Desde un análisis conceptual de los discursos y una mirada cultural fundamentada en la voz de los votantes se revisará la visión dominante de la política liberal. Como principales conclusiones se demuestra que, a pesar de las diferencias ideológicas, la mayoría de los electores entendían el voto como un derecho y que utilizaban los requerimientos electorales como instrumento de participación política.
Algo nuevo bajo el sol. Política y politización en los albores de la contemporaneidad (Galicia, 1766-1823)
Authors: Veiga Xosé Ramón
Published: November 2021

El objetivo del trabajo es intentar establecer los orígenes y primeros desarrollos en Galicia del proceso de socialización política que se produce en el marco de la crisis del Antiguo Régimen. La investigación utiliza fuentes variadas (prensa, sermones, pastorales, documentación oficial) con atención especial a las generadas en los espacios de poder local (ayuntamientos), para a partir de ahí fijar las dinámicas y respuestas que adoptan unos actores, individuales y colectivos, ante decisiones y resoluciones que proceden de fuera de sus comunidades inmediatas de referencia. La conclusión es que una política «moderna», cada vez más cargada de componentes ideológicos y con formas y protagonistas parcialmente renovados, da ahora sus primeros pasos, dentro de un contexto político complejo y dinámico en el que las continuidades visibles no logran, sin embargo, ocultar la presencia y el impacto de los procesos de cambio. Una nueva cultura política liberal inicia su desarrollo, y lo hace en relación dialéctica con una homónima realista asentada en la tradición también obligada a reestructurarse y a adaptarse a las exigencias derivadas de 1789.
Hijos de la revolución: la ópera Padilla o el asedio de Medina y la cultura política del liberalismo progresista entre 1842 y 1846 en Madrid
Authors: Cascudo García-Villaraco Teresa
Published: November 2021

El liberalismo progresista se articuló a mediados del siglo XIX en España como una corriente ideológica que, por diversos motivos, ha permanecido oculta bajo el manto de otros discursos que han hegemonizado el relato de las culturas políticas. Gracias a una serie de estudios relativamente recientes, tenemos hoy en día un conocimiento más detallado de dicho movimiento —tanto en lo que concierne a las diferentes facciones que lo conformaron como en lo referente a las figuras públicas que se adhirieron a él—, así como de los escritores que combinaron creación artística y negocio con la difusión de sus principios políticos. Partiendo de esas investigaciones previas, este artículo propone una lectura de la ópera Padilla o el asedio de Medina, estrenada en Madrid en 1845, que tiene en cuenta la cultura política de la que formaron parte sus autores, el escritor Gregorio Romero Larrañaga y el compositor Joaquín Espín y Guillén. Dicha ópera es contextualizada en el delicado momento histórico inmediatamente posterior a la Regencia Esparterista que condujo al período conocido como la Década Moderada, un momento que favoreció el uso de determinados símbolos del progresismo y, en particular, el movimiento comunero, con una función comunicativa. Dicha contextualización se realiza en este artículo, que se basa sobre todo en fuentes hemerográficas, situando la obra y sus autores en el entramado de tres tipos de redes: sociales, mediáticas e intertextuales. Demuestra, en última instancia, que, Padilla o el asedio de Medina, además de ser un hito en el desarrollo del teatro lírico nacional español, fue el resultado de una cooperación artística en gran medida condicionada por afinidades e intencionalidad políticas.
«Por el halago del voto popular». Participación electoral indígena en Talamanca, Costa Rica, 1919-1948
Authors: Boza Villarreal Alejandra
Published: November 2021

Este artículo explora las elecciones, una temática poco común en el estudio de la historia indígena de la primera mitad del siglo XX. Con base en abundantes fuentes de archivo, periodísticas y una famosa novela testimonial, se examinan los resultados de las votaciones de la zona de Talamanca, el papel que jugaron figuras indígenas influyentes tanto en la organización de los comicios como en las relaciones con diversos partidos políticos, así como los intereses y actividades del Partido Comunista de Costa Rica en la zona. La investigación concluye que los hombres indígenas talamanqueños mantuvieron una participación activa como votantes y, a nivel informal, también como organizadores partidistas y electorales. Sin embargo, quedaron prácticamente excluidos de la posibilidad de ser electos, a pesar de las reformas progresistas que experimentó el sistema electoral de Costa Rica en la época. Visibilizar las elecciones como un aspecto crucial en la vida de muchas comunidades indígenas de la primera mitad del siglo XX permite profundizar la comprensión de otros temas mejor investigados, tales como el impacto del movimiento indigenista en las comunidades indígenas y la relación de los amerindios con partidos populistas y de izquierda.
Perbandingan Keakuratan Penentuan Usia Antara Metode Demirjian, Cameriere, dan Blenkin-Taylor
Authors: Setyawan Erwin , Setiyanto Dimas , Putri Latifa Wahyudi
Published: November 2021

Banyaknya korban meninggal yang disebabkan oleh bencana massal atau kejadian lainnya perlu dilakukan proses identifikasi untuk mengetahui identitas para korban. Proses identifikasi salah satunya dapat dilakukan menggunakan teknik dental records dalam menentukan identitas individu. Metode penentuan usia menggunakan dental records yang paling sering digunakan adalah metode Demirjian, serta terdapat metode baru dalam penentuan usia yaitu metode Cameriere dan metode Blenkin-Taylor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan keakuratan penentuan usia antara metode Demirjian, Cameriere, dan Blenkin-Taylor pada pasien di RSGM UMY. Metode pada penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan jumlah sampel adalah 95 foto radiograf dari pasien berusia 4-15 tahun yang berkunjung ke Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (RSGM UMY) pada bulan januari hingga desember 2017. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji statistik Chi-Square Test dan crosstabulation menggunakan software spss. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa metode Demirjian memiliki keakuratan sebesar 66.31% (63 sampel), metode Cameriere memiliki keakuratan sebesar 51.57% (49 sampel) dan metode Blenkin-Taylor sebesar 54.74% (52 sampel). Analisis statistik ketiga metode tersebut tidak memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna dalam keakuratan penentuan usia pasien. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Demirjian, Cameriere, dan Blenkin-Taylor tidak memiliki perbedaan keakuratan dalam penentuan usia.
Russia and the North Caucasus: the Problem of Narrative Synthesis in Representing Their Shared History
Authors: Borov Aslan
Published: November 2021

The article discusses issues related to the problems of constructing general interpretations of the shared history of Russia and the North Caucasus. The central methodological problem of such interpretations is the problem of historical synthesis. Historical synthesis, realized in a generalizing national-regional narrative, has a specific nature and can be defined as “subjective” and at the same time “narrative” synthesis. The logical structure of narrative synthesis is determined by one or another correlation in it of the main modalities of historical time — past, present and future. The problems of constructing a narrative generalizing the Russian-North Caucasian historical process are considered in the article drawing on the concepts of “space of experience” and “horizon of expectations” by R. Kosellek and “regime of historicity” by F. Hartog. It is shown that the conceptualization of the present and future of the Russian Caucasus in the light of the future-oriented regime of historicity is a logically necessary element of the interpretation of its past. The shared history of Russia and the North Caucasus is not just a reality of the past that can be described in a historical narrative, but also an urgent problem, since it must be confirmed and modified in response to the conditions and challenges of the present and the future.
The Russian Empire in the Western Caspian Region in 1722—1735: Management Experience
Authors: Magaramov Sharafetdin
Published: November 2021

Based on documentary data from the funds of federal and state archives and taking into account the modern achievements of Russian historiography, the article examines the experience of the administrative practice of the Russian Empire in the Western Caspian region in 1722—1735. The activity of the commanders-in-chief of the Grassroots Corps of Generals M. A. Matyushkin and V. V. Dolgorukov on the organization of a management system for the southwestern shores of the Caspian Sea, ensuring the security of communications and the loyalty of Caucasian and Persian societies. Strengthening the position of the Russian government included a whole range of measures: punitive expeditions against rebellious rulers, appeals and appeals to the population not to follow the “rioters”, payment of remuneration and the provision of royal favor to loyal rulers, the introduction of the institution of amanity (hostage taking), collection of information with the help of spies , merchants, etc. The unhealthy climate, ethnopolitical disunity of the region, the reluctance of the local population to submit to “alien” power, the confrontation between the Persian and Turkish authorities created serious difficulties in the management of the region. The remoteness of the Western Caspian region from the main part of the Russian Empire, the unprofitability of the presence of imperial troops in the region, large losses among troops from diseases, the lack of reliable communications for replenishing the personnel of the garrisons and their food supply, as well as the radically changed foreign policy situation around the region ultimately led to the return of the Western Caspian region under the Rasht treaty of 1732 and the Ganja treaty of 1735 to Persia.
The Memory Policy in the Caucasus after 1989: a Theoretical Basis for the War Narrative in Chechnya
Authors: Goryushina Evgeniya
Published: November 2021

The article examines the strategic war narrative as a tool used by the state after 1989 to justify the start of a war or justify its end. Based on the understanding of this term, introduced into the popular science turnover by M. Vlahos, the author of the article expands the conceptual framework by referring to the narrative principle of collective memory by J. Verch. It is concluded that the war narrative is partly similar to the concept of mnemonic security (as well as other hegemonic forms of memory), which is tested on the A. Pető's concept. A review of key domestic and foreign research works on the topic is carried out. The key elements of the war narrative (symbols, sacrifice, etc.) within political dimension are identified, as well as the victory narrative, which was in demand in the first months of V. V. Putin (coinciding with the outbreak of hostilities in Chechnya in the period since 1999 and the continuation until 2009 in the form of counter-terrorism measures on the territory of the republic and the border regions of the North Caucasus).
The Enhancement on Stress Levels Based on Physiological Signal and Self-Stress Assessment
Authors: Zahari Zarith Liyana , Mustafa Mahfuzah , Zain Zaridah Mat , Abdubrani Rafiuddin , Naim Faradila
Published: November 2021

The prolonged stress needs to be determined and controlled before it harms the physical and mental conditions. This research used questionnaire and physiological approaches in determine stress. EEG signal is an electrophysiological signal to analyze the signal features. The standard features used are peak-to-peak values, mean, standard deviation and root means square (RMS). The unique features in this research are Matthew Correlation Coefficient Advanced (MCCA) and multimodal capabilities in the area of frequency and time-frequency analysis are proposed. In the frequency domain, Power Spectral Density (PSD) techniques were applied while Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) were utilized to extract seven features based on time-frequency domain. Various methods applied from previous works are still limited by the stress indices. The merged works between quantities score and physiological measurements were enhanced the stress level from three-levels to six stress levels based on music application will be the second contribution. To validate the proposed method and enhance performance between electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and stress score, support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), K- nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier is needed. From the finding, RF gained the best performance average accuracy 85% ±10% in Ten-fold and K-fold techniques compared with SVM and KNN.
EfficientNet-B0 Based Monocular Dense-Depth Map Estimation
Authors: Tadepalli Yasasvy , Kollati Meenakshi , Kuraparthi Swaraja , Kora Padmavathi
Published: November 2021

Monocular depth estimation is a hot research topic in autonomous car driving. Deep convolution neural networks (DCNN) comprising encoder and decoder with transfer learning are exploited in the proposed work for monocular depth map estimation of two-dimensional images. Extracted CNN features from initial stages are later upsampled using a sequence of Bilinear UpSampling and convolution layers to reconstruct the depth map. The encoder forms the feature extraction part, and the decoder forms the image reconstruction part. EfficientNetB0, a new architecture is used with pretrained weights as encoder. It is a revolutionary architecture with smaller model parameters yet achieving higher efficiencies than the architectures of state-of-the-art, pretrained networks. EfficientNet-B0 is compared with two other pretrained networks, the DenseNet-121 and ResNet50 models. Each of these three models are used in encoding stage for features extraction followed by bilinear method of UpSampling in the decoder. The Monocular image is an ill-posed problem and is thus considered as a regression problem. So the metrics used in the proposed work are F1-score, Jaccard score and Mean Actual Error (MAE) etc., between the original and the reconstructed image. The results convey that EfficientNet-B0 outperforms in validation loss, F1-score and Jaccard score compared to DenseNet-121 and ResNet-50 models.
FAFNet: A False Alarm Filter Algorithm for License Plate Detection Based on Deep Neural Network
Authors: Huang Hui , Li Zhe
Published: November 2021

The license plate detection technology has been widely applied in our daily life, but it encounters many challenges when performing license plate detection tasks in special scenarios. In this paper, a license plate detection algorithm is proposed for the problem of license plate detection, and an efficient false alarm filter algorithm, namely the FAFNet (False-Alarm Filter Network) is proposed for solving the problem of false alarms in license plate location scenarios in China. At first, this paper adopted the YOLOv5 target detection algorithm to detect license plates, and used the FAFNet to re-identify the images to avoid false detection. FAFNet is a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) that can solve the false alarm problem of real-time license plate recognition on embedded devices, and its performance is good. Next, this paper proposed a model generalization method for the purpose of making the proposed FAFNet be applicable to the license plate false alarm scenarios in other countries without the need to re-train the model. Then, this paper built a large-scale false alarm filter dataset, all samples in the dataset came from the industries and contained a variety of complex real-life scenarios. At last, experiments were conducted and the results showed that, the proposed FAFNet can achieve high-accuracy false alarm filtering and can run in real-time on embedded devices.
Investigations of Medical Image Segmentation Methods with Inclusion Mathematical Morphological Operations
Authors: Sridhar Bokka
Published: November 2021

Medical image segmentation research is becoming efficient by using mathematical morphological (MM) operators. There are different methods in image segmentation such as supervised and unsupervised segmentations. The MM operators are much effective, in developing a computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system. Medical image such as mammograms, generally they are of low contrast, such that radiologists face difficulties in observing the results. Due to this, diagnosis fails to generate high rate false positives and false negatives. In the proposed work improvement of quality of image segmentation with inclusion of morphological operations with other methods such as watershed transform, fuzzy logic based techniques, curvelets and MRF to detect the masses and calcifications in mammograms. Classification of masses and evaluation of segmentation process are done with artificial neural network and other performance metrics. These methods lead to increase in the accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of mammography and reduce unnecessary biopsies.
Diagnosis of Pulpitis from Dental Panoramic Radiograph Using Histogram of Gradients with Discrete Wavelet Transform and Multilevel Neural Network Techniques
Authors: Vigil Antony , Bharathi Subbiah
Published: November 2021

Radiograph plays the major role of diagnosis, treatment and surgery in the Dental field. There are many types of Intra and extra oral radiographs in which Dental Panoramic Radiograph helps in visualising the full view of the oral cavity. Pulpitis is the dental diseases caused due to the inflammation of the dental pulp from untreated caries, trauma or multiple restorations which leads to Apical Periodontitis. To predict the severity of pulp vitality pulp inflammation has to be evaluated. Radiographs helps the dentist in diagnosing the extent of tooth decay and inflammation. An automatic diagnostic model is proposed using robust algorithms to diagnose pulpits. Dental Panoramic Radiograph is used in the proposed research to diagnose the pulpitis and to classify the normal teeth from the pulpitis. The collected images are pre-processed using Histogram Equalization and filtered using Gaussian and Median filters. Modified K-Means algorithm is applied to segment the bony and teeth area from the oral cavity area. Integral Histogram of Gradients with Discrete Wavelet Transform feature extraction techniques and Multi-Layer Neural Network Classifier is proposed to achieve the accuracy of 91.09% which can be used as an assistive tool by the dentist to diagnose pulpitis.
Получение огнеупоров из высокохромистых отходов ферросплавного производства
Authors: Акишев А. , Нуршарип А. , Фоменко С.М. , Толендиулы С. , Рахым Н.Т. , Бекджанова М.Т.
Published: November 2021

Отходы металлургической промышленности содержат ценные минеральные компоненты, которые могут служить сырьем для создания материалов для многих отраслей различных направлений производства. Феррохромовые отходы – это материалы,  состоящие из оксидов хрома, кремния, алюминия, железа, кальция, которые в процессе переработки хромитовых руд, в результате плавления соединяются в тугоплавкие и низкоплавкие многокомпонентные оксидные системы переменного состава. Одним из направлений их использования является получение огнеупоров многофункционального назначения: для блочной и кирпичной футеровки тепловых агрегатов, различных мертелей, обмазок, торкрет-масс – путем применения низкохромистых отходов (шлаки, Recikling – отходы) и высокохромистых – кеки (шламы) и пыли рукавных фильтров (ХШП-01). В статье рассматриваются вопросы применения высокохромистых отходов ферросплавного производства АО «Актюбинский завод ферросплавов» (кеки, ХШП-01) переменного фазового и минерального состава при комбинировании их с огнеупорным магнезитовым, шамотным ломом и другими добавками. В результате исследования разработана технология получения изделий с высокой огнеупорностью 1750–1780 oС и прочностью 23,35–36,98 МПа.
Термодинамический анализ получения СВС-композиционных материалов на основе карбида бора
Authors: Абдулкаримова Р.Г. , Сейдуалиева А.Ж. , Баткал А.Н. , Юджел О.
Published: November 2021

В данной работе исследована вероятность получения композиционных материалов на основе карбида бора методом самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза (СВС) в системе В2О3–Al–С. Термодинамические расчеты процессов СВС проводятся с целью определения температуры горения в адиабатических условиях, когда отсутствуют теплопотери и равновесного состава продуктов горения. С помощью программы FactSage проведены термодинамические расчеты равновесного фазового состава конечных продуктов СВС и адиабатической температуры горения системы В2О3–Al–С в зависимости от начальной температуры СВС, исходного состава компонентов исследуемых систем. В результате проведенных расчетов были определены оптимальные условия СВС-процесса для получения наибольшего количества карбида бора в композиционном материале. По результатам термодинамического анализа показана возможность получения методом СВС композиционных материалов на основе карбида бора и корунда в В2О3–Al–С при начальной температуре СВС, равной 700 оC.
Получение высокопористого каолина путем термической и кислотной активации
Authors: Оспанова А.К. , Бекисанова Ж.Б. , Балтабаева Б. , Рахматуллаева Д.Т.
Published: November 2021

Казахстанский каолин характеризуется высокой химической, термической и механической стабильностью, и является экологически безопасным и дешевым отечественным глинистым минералом. Однако удельная поверхность природного каолина не превышает 17-20 м2/г и поэтому целесообразно его модифицировать с целью улучшения поверхностных и адсорбционных характеристик. Разработан способ получения высокопористого носителя на основе Казахстанского каолина. Каолин предварительно подвергают кислотной активации 10% фосфорной кислотой при 90-100 оС и дальнейшей термической модификацией при 500 оС с целью увеличения удельной поверхности. Для получения высокопористого каолина был использован метод Штобера, который основан на гидролизе алкоксидов кремния в водно-спиртовой среде. Образцы каолина, после кислотной модификации, обрабатывали олигосиликатом при соотношении весовых частей модифицированный каолин:органический полимер:тетраэтоксилан, равном 1:1:3 до получения однородной массы с последующей термоактивацией при 550 оС. В качестве органического полимера для реакции гидролиза тетраэтоксилана использовали полиэтиленгликоль в 4000 г/моль. Удельная поверхность модифицированного каолина увеличивается практически с 13,453 до 616,831 м2/г. Полученный композитный материал может быть использован: как платформа для получения нанокатализаторов в химической технологии, как высокопористый сорбент для концентрирования, извлечения и обезвреживания ионов токсичных и радиоактивных металлов из промышленных сточных вод, и как носитель для лекарственных веществ в фармацевтической отрасли.
Modeling of thermochemical conversion of waste biomass – a comprehensive review
Authors: Perera Sinhara M.H.D. , Wickramasinghe Chathuranga , Samarasiri B.K.T. , Narayana Mahinsasa
Published: November 2021

Thermochemical processes, which include pyrolysis, torrefaction, gasification, combustion, and hydrothermal conversions, are perceived to be more efficient in converting waste biomass to energy and value-added products than biochemical processes. From the chemical point of view, thermochemical processes are highly complex and sensitive to numerous physicochemical properties, thus making reactor and process modeling more challenging. Nevertheless, the successful commercialization of these processes is contingent upon optimized reactor and process designs, which can be effectively achieved via modeling and simulation. Models of various scales with numerous simplifying assumptions have been developed for specific applications of thermochemical conversion of waste biomass. However, there is a research gap that needs to be explored to elaborate the scale of applicability, limitations, accuracy, validity, and special features of each model. This review study investigates all above mentioned important aspects and features of the existing models for all established industrial thermochemical conversion processes with emphasis on waste biomass, thus addressing the research gap mentioned above and presenting commercial-scale applicability in terms of reactor designing, process control and optimization, and potential ways to upgrade existing models for higher accuracy.
Yeast cell factories for sustainable whey-to-ethanol valorisation towards a circular economy
Authors: Carvalho Patrícia , Costa Carlos E. , Baptista Sara L. , Domingues Lucília
Published: November 2021

Cheese whey is the major by-product of the dairy industry, and its disposal constitutes an environmental concern. The production of cheese whey has been increasing, with 190 million tonnes per year being produced nowadays. Therefore, it is emergent to consider different routes for cheese whey utilization. The great nutritional value of cheese whey turns it into an attractive substrate for biotechnological applications. Currently, cheese whey processing includes a protein fractionating step that originates the permeate, a lactose-reach stream further used for valorisation. In the last decades, yeast fermentation has brought several advances to the search for biorefinery alternatives. From the plethora of value-added products that can be obtained from cheese whey, ethanol is the most extensively explored since it is the alternative biofuel most used worldwide. Thus, this review focuses on the different strategies for ethanol production from cheese whey using yeasts as promising biological systems, including its integration in lignocellulosic biorefineries. These valorisation routes encompass the improvement of the fermentation process as well as metabolic engineering techniques for the introduction of heterologous pathways, resorting mainly to Kluyveromyces sp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. The solutions and challenges of the several strategies will be unveiled and explored in this review.
Einstein unsuccessful attempt to derive Lorentz transform’s formulae
Authors: Pylaev A.P.
Published: November 2021

It was shown that in his well-known work “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” Einstein in his attempt to derive the Lorentz transform’s formulae by the way of a suggested mental experiment showed a physically mistaken interpretation of his experiment and some carelessness.
Innovative methods in teaching the discipline "Organization of pharmaceutical activities" for students of the pharmaceutical faculty
Authors: Tulegenova G.A. , Zhalimova Z.O. , Saginbazarova A.B. , Urazgaliev K.SH.
Published: November 2021

The article discusses the implementation of the case-study method in teaching disciplines at the Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, which ensures the acquisition of knowledge, the formation of skills and the development of the value system of students, professional skills and competencies.
Горожане и окружающее пространство в конце XVIII – первой половине XIX вв.
Authors: Середа Н.В.
Published: November 2021

Автор данного сообщения ставит перед собой задачу воссоздать на основе купеческих документов личного происхождения параметры городского пространства и городского образа жизни указанного периода и отношения купцов Тверской губернии к процессам урбанизации.
Математическая модель задачи о социальном контракте для доклада уполномоченного по правам человека в Российской Федерации за 2021 год
Authors: Адмаев О.В.
Published: November 2021

В сферу деятельности института Уполномоченного по правам человека в Российской Федерации входят социальные проблемы нашего общества. Математическое моделирование становится инструментом, помогающим решать возникающие задачи.
Трансформация личности в период пандемической угрозы
Authors: Поджидаев А.А.
Published: November 2021

С самого начала человеческой жизни людям приходилось сталкиваться с различными бедствиями, природными катастрофами, войнами, и другими стрессовыми ситуациями. На каждого человека все эти переживания и стресс влияют по-разному. Кто-то быстро находит выход из положения, пытается мобилизовать себя, стремится избавиться от пугающих обстоятельств, а кто-то наоборот, старается спрятаться, сбежать или даже испытывает сильнейшие переживания, с которыми едва справляется. Сейчас почти два миллиарда людей по всему миру находятся в условиях социальной самоизоляции. Это беспрецедентные в истории человечества цифры. Впрочем, столь же беспрецедентен и сам опыт каждодневного стресса, который испытывает человек в таких условиях.
Machine Learning Algorithm to Predict Student’s Performance: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Sandra Lidia , Lumbangaol Ford , Matsuo Tokuro
Published: November 2021

One of the ultimate goals of the learning process is the success of student learning. Using data and students' achievement with machine learning to predict the success of student learning will be a crucial contribution to everyone involved in determining appropriate strategies to help students perform. The selected 11 research articles were chosen using the inclusion criteria from 2753 articles from the IEEE Access and Science Direct database that was dated within 2019-2021 and 285 articles that were research articles. This study found that the classification machine learning algorithm was most often used in predicting the success of students' learning. Four algorithms that were used most often to predict the success of students' learning are ANN, Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression, SVM and Decision Tree. Meanwhile, the data used in these research articles predominantly classified students' success in learning into two or three categories which are pass/fail; or fail/pass/excellent.
Vocational High School Readiness in Anticipating 21st Century Environmental Turbulence
Authors: Rahmat Setiadi Bayu , Sugiyono Sugiyono , Sukardi Thomas
Published: November 2021

This research aims to measure the readiness of VHS in Indonesia in facing 21st Century environmental turbulence by comparing the status and accreditation of schools. A total of 884 VHSs distributed in 34 provinces in Indonesia were involved as research respondents. As a result, VHS readiness in dealing with the phenomenon of turbulence is in the quite prepared category. From a school status perspective, public VHS is better prepared than private, and A-accredited VHS is better prepared than non-A accreditation. This research is useful to provide information to vocational education principals in Indonesia to anticipate environmental turbulence in organisation.
Innovation of a Control Transformer Design
Authors: Matisková Darina , Hrehová Stella
Published: November 2021

The present article deals with an innovative design of a control transformer. It describes a conventional design of a control transformer and provides the basic theoretical information on control transformers which is available in the world technical literature, patents, as well as other available sources addressing this topic. Subsequently, the article describes a novel, original design and presents the related drawing documentation.
Integration of Pedagogical and Production Factors in the Process of the Formation of Industry 4.0
Authors: Chapaev Nikolay , Akimova Olga , Dorozhkin Yevgeniy , Efanov Andrey , Bychkova Ekaterina
Published: November 2021

The rapid development of Industry 4.0 as a result of the Fourth Industrial Revolution brings back the relationship of pedagogy and production to mutual integration that has been their characteristic since ancient times. The study revealed high digital readiness of students (4.24 according to the student assessment and 2.82 according to the teacher assessment on a 5- point scale) and very low readiness of production to accept integrated learning (1.68 and 2.67, respectively), as well as the poor digitalization of the educational process according to the students and teachers, who are more closely familiar with the reality of production (2.03 and 2.45, respectively).
Classification of the Morse – Smale flows on surfaces with a finite moduli of stability number in sense of topological conjugacy
Authors:   National Research University ", Kruglov Vladislav ,   Higher School of Economics", Pochinka Olga ,   National Research University "Higher School of Economics"
Published: November 2021

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to consider the class of Morse – Smale flows on surfaces, to characterize its subclass consisting of flows with a finite number of moduli of stability, and to obtain a topological classification of such flows up to topological conjugacy, that is, to find an invariant that shows that there exists a homeomorphism that transfers the trajectories of one flow to the trajectories of another while preserving the direction of movement and the time of movement along the trajectories; for the obtained invariant, to construct a polynomial algorithm for recognizing its isomorphism and to construct the realisation of the invariant by a standard flow on the surface. Methods. Methods for finding moduli of topological conjugacy go back to the classical works of J. Palis, W. di Melo and use smooth flow lianerization in a neighborhood of equilibrium states and limit cycles. For the classification of flows, the traditional methods of dividing the phase surface into regions with the same behavior of trajectories are used, which are a modification of the methods of A. A. Andronov, E. A. Leontovich, and A. G. Mayer. Results. It is shown that a Morse – Smale flow on a surface has a finite number of moduli if and only if it does not have a trajectory going from one limit cycle to another. For a subclass of Morse – Smale flows with a finite number of moduli, a classification is done up to topological conjugacy by means of an equipped graph. Conclusion. The criterion for the finiteness of the number of moduli of Morse – Smale flows on surfaces is obtained. A topological invariant is constructed that describes the topological conjugacy class of a Morse – Smale flow on a surface with a finite number of modules, that is, without trajectories going from one limit cycle to another.
Study of gyrotron synchronization by an external harmonic signal based on a modified quasi-linear theory
Authors:   Saratov State University, Grigorieva Nataliia
Published: November 2021

Topic. The paper is devoted to the study of synchronization of a gyrotron by an external harmonic signal. A theoretical study of gyrotron synchronization processes by means of a computational experiment based on certain traditional models of microwave electronics does not provide a complete description of the synchronization pattern. Therefore, the goal of the paper is to develop a modified quasi-linear model based on an approximation of the electron susceptibility by rational functions. Methods. The developed model allows for bifurcation analysis of synchronization processes. On its basis, stationary states are determined and their stability analysis is carried out. The results are in good agreement with numerical simulation based on the non-stationary theory of a gyrotron with a fixed Gaussian high-frequency field structure. Results and discussion. Resonance curves and synchronization bounds are built on the plane of parameters “amplitude – frequency of external signal”. The case where the gyrotron is in the hard excitation mode is considered, since the maximum efficiency is usually achieved in the hard excitation mode. In general, the results are in qualitative agreement with the picture described earlier for a simpler quasi-linear model of a oscillator with hard excitation, in the case of a sufficiently strong phase nonlinearity.
Entrelinhas da Educação Ambiental: Potencialidades Sustentáveis na Produção de Sabão e Jornal em uma Comunidade Rural de Alegrete-RS
Authors: Cunha Fernando Icaro Jorge , Mendonça Júnior Osmar Senador , Silveira Marlise Grecco de Souza , Vieira Izabel Cristina Ferreira , Lopes Graciane Marchezan do Nascimento
Published: November 2021

Este estudo objetiva-se por evidenciar experiências didático-pedagógicas exitosas em projeto interdisciplinar realizado na comunidade do Passo do Silvestre, zona rural de Alegrete/RS, em 2019. Neste sentido, alicerça-se nos preceitos da Educação Ambiental que valorizam diferentes processos participativos que contribuam para a recuperação, conservação e melhoria do meio ambiente proporcionando qualidade de vida a partir de Jacobi (2003), Carnerio (2006), Leff (2012). Evidencia-se, portanto, neste processo a pesquisa participante e sua relevância rumo à emancipação da comunidade escolar que das atividades em que participaram, tais como a reutilização do óleo de cozinha e a confecção de jornal informativo para conscientização ambiental.
Interfaces entre Educação Ambiental e extensão universitária
Authors: Amaral Cisnara Pires , Gindri Amanda Leitão
Published: November 2021

Consideramos as várias possibilidades da Educação Ambiental, principalmente nas escolas e universidades, comportando-se como uma possibilidade de desenvolver o protagonismo, a conexão com o conhecimento científico e a capacidade de crítica e autocrítica em relação ao cotidiano. Assim, esse trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar em uma comunidade escolar, a percepção dos envolvidos em relação ao descarte de medicamentos e sua relação com os desequilíbrios ambientais, proporcionando a autocrítica em relação a mudança de hábitos. A pesquisa conclui a percepção entre desequilíbrios ambientais e meio ambiente, porém, ainda verificamos que continuam realizando descarte inadequado de suas medicações, tanto no lixo como na pia de cozinha, não possuem o hábito de se dirigir a pontos de coleta da cidade e não realizam a relação entre descarte inadequado de medicações e mutações que poderão afetar a água e o solo, interferindo na cadeia alimentar. Sendo assim, a extensão universitária poderá promover a inserção da Educação Ambiental, colaborando para discussões, debates, aprendizado e conhecimento científico, contribuindo para ratificar as diferentes interfaces que esse eixo proporciona, principalmente em relação ao equilíbrio do ecossistema.