bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does the Type of Impacted Third Molar Induce the Formation of Caries on the Distal Surface of the Second Molar? A Different Outcome and Interpretation
Authors: Üçüncü Musa Kazım , Suradı Raghıb
Published: January 2024

Aim Investigators have different ideas about whether or not the third molars should be extracted as a preventive measure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship of impacted third molar with the frequency of caries on the distal surface of the second molar.
Material and method In this prospectively designed study, oral examination and panoramic radiographic images of 438 patients were performed. All of the second and third molars on the mandible are classificated by the eruption levels and angulation degrees. The presence of caries on the distal surface of the second molars was determined with the help of ICDAS-II criteria. Pearson Chi-Square and McNemar test was used to compare categorical variables and both segments.
Results The participants in the study ranged in age from 18 to 62, with a mean age of 28.33± 9.2 years. While a total of 1752 teeth were examined and both segments were evaluated for angulation type and level of eruption. The most frequent angulation type was vertical, and the most frequent eruption level was A. Mesioangulation was the most common type of angulation associated with caries in adjacent teeth.There was a statistically significant variation in the prevalence of caries between the two segments (p
Adsorption Isotherms and Kinetics Studies on Adsorption of Malachite Green onto Activated Charcoal from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Karim Md. Anwarul , Ahmed Shajuyan , Hossain Delwar , Hossain Md. Ismail , Hossain Md. Samrat , Hossain Anwar , Rahman Md. Hasibur , Dipti Sharmin Sultana , Azad Md. Abul Kalam
Published: January 2024

The article presents low-cost activated charcoal as an adsorbent in the adsorption process for the removal of malachite green from aqueous solution by batch process. To find the optimum condition of the process, contact time, shaking rate, concentration of malachite green, and concentration of activated charcoal were examined. The malachite green was removed up to 98.9%. The adsorption isotherms were studied to check the performance of the adsorbent. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Hill De Boer, and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherms were studied and compared to which one was suitable in the process. The adsorption process with the activated charcoal adsorbent followed suitably with the order of the Dubinin-Radushkevich > Langmuir > Hill De Boer> Temkin > Freundlich models. According to a kinetic study, the adsorption process was second order. In thermodynamic studies, we obtained negative values of ΔG, ΔS, and ΔH. The negative ΔH and ΔS values suggest that enthalpy contributes more than entropy in producing negative ΔG values. The negative ΔG values of malachite green adsorptions indicate that is a favorable and spontaneous process. The negative value of ΔH ensures the adsorption process is characterized as chemical adsorption and exothermic. The negative ΔS value indicates that randomness decreases at the solid–solution interface during the adsorption of MG by activated charcoal. The surface morphology of the Activated charcoal ensured the adsorption process. The results indicate that the adsorption process is exothermic, spontaneous, and favorable. So, activated charcoal might be useful for removing the malachite green dye from the aqueous solution.
“Work of Life”
Authors: Svare Valeur Peter
Published: January 2024

The article examines the classical scholar Jane Ellen Harrison’s (1850-1928) thoughts about aging both as a cultural phenomenon and as personal experience. It argues that her reflections are poised between two diverging ideas about life which I term bergsonism and olympianism. While the former, according to Harrison, points to life as wholeness and permanent process (and which she illustrates by the figures of snowball and wheel, by the imperfective verb in the Russian novel, by the importance of ritual, or by her embracement of imbecility), the latter indicates detachment, idiocy, the perfect tense, discontinuity, and tragic vision. Of particular interest to the article are Harrison’s three later essays “Crabbed Age and Youth,” “Aspects, Aorists, and the Classical Tripos,” and “Reminiscences of a Student’s Life.” The article shows the variety of perspectives—anthropological, mythical, linguist, aesthetic, and philosophical—which Harrison makes use of to explain the phenomenon of aging.
An unfortunate history: Securitization and historical narratives in the Sino-Japanese security paradox
Authors:   , Eves Lewis
Published: January 2024

The history of Japan’s invasion of China during World War II has been credited with causing a prolonged deterioration in relations between the two countries. This deterioration coincides with increasing suspicion, leading to cyclical spirals of mutual insecurity. However, history is a contested space. China and Japan both have their own narratives of their shared wartime history and how these different narratives factor in the deteriorating Sino-Japanese relationship to contribute to their mutual insecurity is complex. This thesis explores the intersection between history and security to better understand how historical narratives factor in securitization processes before then contributing to cyclical security paradoxes. This is done through the development of a unique analytical framework. This framework includes securitization theory, which pertains to the process of an issue coming to be perceived as a security threat. The second major theoretical component of the framework is Booth and Wheeler’s security dilemma/paradox concept, which analyses cyclical spirals of insecurity born of suspicion and uncertainty. The third element is drawn from historiography, utilising Carr’s basic facts historiography to provide a transparent discussion of historical narratives and facts in the case studies. This is applied to two occurrences of the Senkaku/Diaoyu dispute, a Sino-Japanese territorial dispute in the East China Sea. Doing so reveals both the impact that Sino-Japanese narratives of the war are having and the specific mechanics of how they have this impact.
Faire dialoguer le muet : la mise en scène de la parole dans Un crabe dans la tête d’André Turpin
Authors: Turgeon Christine
Published: January 2024

L’article qui suit propose d’étudier les faits de paroles qui sont au coeur du film Un crabe dans la tête (André Turpin, 2001). Il s’attarde d’abord au rôle sémiotique du silence, montrant que celui-ci se déploie en deux dimensions, silere et tacere, la dernière s’inscrivant directement dans les dialogues. Il s’intéresse ensuite aux moyens employés par le cinéaste pour mettre en scène un personnage de sourde, surmontant les barrières du son et de la langue pour l’intégrer aux dialogues.
Sinhogarismo: el punto ciego del Estado de Bienestar durante la crisis del Covid-19
Authors: Buraschi Daniel , Díez José Antonio , Peñate Úrsula
Published: January 2024

La pandemia de Covid-19 ha tenido un impacto considerable en los sistemas de bienestar social, especialmente en la población más vulnerable, como las personas sin hogar. Este estudio aborda los efectos de la pandemia en las condiciones de vida de las personas sin hogar en Tenerife, centrándose específicamente en su percepción y experiencias en cuanto al acceso a servicios básicos como los servicios sociales y de salud a través de una encuesta y entrevistas. Los resultados revelan que que los planes de emergencia y los servicios públicos a menudo no han tenido en cuenta la realidad y las necesidades específicas de las personas sin hogar. Por lo tanto, el sinhogarismo sigue siendo un desafío pendiente para el estado de bienestar, y durante la pandemia, su realidad y necesidades específicas han sido sistemáticamente ignoradas, lo que representa una importante brecha en las políticas sociales.
Caminos y políticas para las relaciones étnico-raciales en contexto escolar brasileño
Authors: Lavor Sousa Maria Veirislene , Cavalcante Alencar da Silva Ana Paula , De Sousa Lopes Cyntya Kelly
Published: January 2024

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo promover reflexiones sobre las relaciones étnico-raciales como instrumento de combate contra el racismo a partir de políticas públicas en contexto escolar brasileño, buscando contribuir al debate de la agenda antirracista de este país. La cuestión de las personas negras y otras minorías étnicas afectadas por el racismo ha ganado mayor visibilidad a partir de la Constitución de la República Federativa de Brasil de 1988 y en la Educación Básica a partir de la Ley de Directrices y Bases de la Educación Básica Nacional, Ley 9.394, de 20 de diciembre de 1996 (en adelante, LDB 9394/96), especialmente con la promulgación de la Ley 10.639/03 y con la actual Ley 11.645/08. Esta ley garantiza directamente la inclusión de la "Historia y cultura afrobrasileña y indígena" en el currículo de la educación básica, en asignaturas escolares de los niveles fundamental y medio. Según la legislación, la cultura y la historia de los pueblos negros y indígenas también deben estar presentes en los libros de texto, uno de los principales instrumentos o tecnologías utilizadas en las escuelas para el desarrollo del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje. La invisibilidad, la historia borrada, la exposición a la vulnerabilidad social, el abandono, la enfermedad, la muerte, el genocidio, así como el racismo histórico y estructural, entre otras condiciones que niegan sus derechos y los derechos humanos llevan a reflexiones, diálogos y prácticas que se proponen en diversos espacios educativos en el contexto de la sociedad brasileña.
Estándares para la gobernanza ética de plataformas digitales de cuidados
Authors: Farias Batlle Mercedes
Published: January 2024

En este trabajo se revisan las propuestas tecnológico-organizativas realizadas hasta la fecha en relación con la digitalización en general, el desarrollo de las plataformas digitales y el de las plataformas titularidad de entidades de la economía social. Así, se realiza una propuesta singular referida a las buenas prácticas y los estándares que hay que tener en cuenta a la hora de desarrollar una plataforma digital para la prestación de servicios de cuidados, con especial referencia a aquellas que sean titularidad de una cooperativa u otra entidad de la economía social.Teniendo en cuenta los estándares inicialmente enunciados por SCHOLZ, se propondrán, a la luz de las innovaciones tecnológicas y de la singularidad de las plataformas digitales de cuidados, estándares y buenas prácticas, como formulación sobre la que seguir reflexionando de cara a construir un marco ético y, quizás, jurídico en este entorno de necesaria atención a las debilidades que confluyen a ambos lados de la plataforma (las de los receptores de cuidados y de los prestadores de servicios de cuidados).
El fin en las sociedades de capital. Egoísmo y altruismo, lucro y sostenibilidad. Posibles combinaciones
Authors: Navarro Frías Irene
Published: January 2024

La discusión sobre el propósito de las sociedades de capital ha reavivado el debate sobre cuestiones tan trascendentes para las compañías como el fin social y la vinculación de los administradores a la consecución del mismo. A algunas de estas cuestiones se dedica el presente trabajo. Entre ellas a la distinta forma en la que el altruismo puede estar presente y desempeñar, bien una función fundamental, bien una instrumental en relación con el fin lucrativo, y a la explicación del distinto régimen jurídico al que se somete cada una de estas formas. Entre otros aspectos se destaca que el auténtico altruismo, el que llamamos fundamental, solo puede ser decidido por los socios, no por los administradores.
Ricard Salvat i el Consell Mundial de la Pau: la connexió vienesa (1967–1973)
Authors: Foguet i Boreu Francesc
Published: January 2024

Ricard Salvat fou un dels membres més destacats de la delegació catalana del Consell Mundial de la Pau (CMP) entre 1962 i 1989. Aquest article analitza la vinculació que mantingué, a través d’Ángel Domínguez i Toya Nef, amb l’Institut Internacional per la Pau, amb seu a Viena, entre 1967 i 1973. La connexió vienesa convertí Salvat en un dels homes del CMP a Catalunya i a l’Estat espanyol, amb una notable projecció internacional. Els contactes freqüents amb Domínguez i Nef aporten dades inèdites sobre la delegació catalana del CMP durant uns anys d’intens activisme polític clandestí.
Cap a l’alliberament social i nacional. La incidència de l’anticolonialisme en l’independentisme marxista català contemporani a través de la revista "Lluita" (1969–1984)
Authors: Viñas Carles
Published: January 2024

L’article ressegueix i analitza la incidència dels diversos processos de descolonització i moviments d’alliberament nacional ocorreguts durant la segona meitat del segle XX en el Partit Socialista d’Alliberament Nacional dels Països Catalans (PSAN), a través dels articles publicats durant els primers quinze anys del seu portaveu oficial, la revista Lluita. La creació de la formació el 1969 convergí amb els efectes del Maig francès i altres processos revolucionaris i descolonitzadors. Això determinà l'ideari inicial d'un partit que es reclamava obertament marxista i es va emmirallar en la lluita anticolonial i antiimperialista que duien a terme diverses guerrilles revolucionàries i grups armats arreu del món. L’aparició del PSAN a les acaballes dels anys seixanta en un context internacional convuls va afavorir l’arribada de nous referents i conceptes, com l’assumpció del terme “alliberament nacional” fins aleshores inèdit en l'independentisme català contemporani, que caracteritzaran el discurs de la formació en els seus inicis.
Obligations postcoloniales et Guerre du Vietnam en République d’Irlande (1965-1975)
Authors: Louvet Marie-Violaine
Published: January 2024

L’histoire coloniale de la république d’Irlande, sous le joug de son puissant voisin britannique entre le xiie et le début du xxe, a une influence indéniable sur sa place au sein des nations et sur son positionnement par rapport aux pays du tiers-monde. En tant que seul pays européen avec une identité postcoloniale, des liens de solidarité particuliers se tissent avec certains peuples en proie à ce qui est identifié comme des conflits néocoloniaux par certains activistes, principalement républicains et de gauche, mais pas uniquement. C’est le cas pendant la guerre du Vietnam, en particulier à partir des bombardements américains sur le Nord-Vietnam au milieu des années 1960, avec la création de l’association Irish Voice on Vietnam (IVOV). Cet article s’attache à expliquer l’action d’une section de la société civile en Irlande contre la guerre du Vietnam et à en démontrer l’originalité, par rapport aux mouvements présents dans d’autres pays qui ne partagent pas la même identité postcoloniale.
La colonie française de Barcelone de janvier à septembre 1939 : une colonie entre deux guerres
Authors: Horn Guillaume
Published: January 2024

De janvier à septembre 1939, les difficultés s’accumulent pour la colonie française de Barcelone. Face à la crise sociale qui frappe ses membres, elle consolide son système de solidarité. Pétain nommé ambassadeur de France en Espagne, des relations diplomatiques s’établissent sur le principe de « collaboration », qui remet en cause la raison d’être de la colonie et renforce son inopérance. Amorcée, sa réorganisation est perturbée par la mobilisation d’août-septembre 1939. Dans ce contexte, le directeur de l’Institut Jacques Langlade tente d’empêcher son remplacement par Pierre Deffontaines.
«Aumentar o nível de consciência política». La Conferencia de Solidaridad de Roma, el anticolonialismo italiano y los movimientos de liberación de las colonias portuguesas
Authors: Bermello Corominas Xaquín
Published: January 2024

La ciudad de Roma fue sede de la Conferencia Internacional de Solidaridad con los Pueblos de las Colonias Portuguesas en junio de 1970. Después de muchas muestras de apoyo por parte de organizaciones y gobiernos africanos y latinoamericanos, la Conferencia de Roma fue la primera gran reunión en Europa sobre el conflicto colonial e imperialista portugués. Los contactos entre las tres principales organizaciones de las colonias portuguesas (PAIGC, MPLA y FRELIMO) y diversos grupos y partidos progresistas italianos hicieron posible la celebración de la conferencia. Este trabajo pretende reflexionar sobre la construcción de las redes de solidaridad anticoloniales y antiimperialistas entre Europa y África durante los años sesenta a partir de este caso particular.
SMAD4 promotes somatic-germline contact during murine oocyte growth
Authors: Granados-Aparici Sofia , Yang Qin , Clarke Hugh J
Published: January 2024

Development of the mammalian oocyte requires physical contact with the surrounding granulosa cells of the follicle, which provide it with essential nutrients and regulatory signals. This contact is achieved through specialized filopodia, termed transzonal projections (TZPs), that extend from the granulosa cells to the oocyte surface. Transforming growth factor (TGFβ) family ligands produced by the oocyte increase the number of TZPs, but how they do so is unknown. Using an inducible Cre recombinase strategy together with expression of green fluorescent protein to verify Cre activity in individual cells, we examined the effect of depleting the canonical TGFβ mediator, SMAD4, in mouse granulosa cells. We observed a 20–50% decrease in the total number of TZPs in SMAD4-depleted granulosa cell-oocyte complexes, and a 50% decrease in the number of newly generated TZPs when the granulosa cells were reaggregated with wild-type oocytes. Three-dimensional image analysis revealed that TZPs of SMAD4-depleted cells were longer than controls and more frequently oriented towards the oocyte. Strikingly, the transmembrane proteins, N-cadherin and Notch2, were reduced by 50% in SMAD4-depleted cells. SMAD4 may thus modulate a network of cell adhesion proteins that stabilize the attachment of TZPs to the oocyte, thereby amplifying signalling between the two cell types.
Whole blood transcriptional profiles and the pathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Hai Hoang Thanh , Thanh Hoang Nhat Le , Tram Trinh Thi Bich , Vinh Do Dinh , Nath Artika P , Donovan Joseph , Thu Nguyen Thi Anh , Van Thanh Dang , Bang Nguyen Duc , Ha Dang Thi Minh , Phu Nguyen Hoan , Nghia Ho Dang Trung , Van Le Hong , Inouye Michael , Thwaites Guy E , Thuong Thuong Nguyen Thuy
Published: January 2024

Mortality and morbidity from tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are common, primarily due to inflammatory response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We aimed to uncover genes and pathways associated with TBM pathogenesis and mortality, and determine the best predictors of death, utilizing whole-blood RNA sequencing from 281 Vietnamese adults with TBM, 295 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and 30 healthy controls. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified hub genes and pathways linked to TBM severity and mortality, with a consensus analysis revealing distinct patterns between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. We employed multivariate elastic-net Cox regression to select candidate predictors of death, then logistic regression and internal bootstrap validation to choose best predictors. Increased neutrophil activation and decreased T and B cell activation pathways were associated with TBM mortality. Among HIV-positive individuals, mortality associated with increased angiogenesis, while HIV-negative individuals exhibited elevated TNF signaling and impaired extracellular matrix organization. Four hub genes—MCEMP1, NELL2, ZNF354C, and CD4—were strong TBM mortality predictors. These findings indicate that TBM induces a systemic inflammatory response similar to PTB, highlighting critical genes and pathways related to death, offering insights for potential therapeutic targets alongside a novel four-gene biomarker for predicting outcomes.
Using reflective practice to support PhD students in the biosciences
Authors: Tullet Jennifer , Leigh Jennifer , Coke Brandon , Fisher David , Haszczyn Johanna , Houghton Steven , Fish Johanna , Freeman Laura , Garcia Isabella , Penman Stefan , Hargreaves Emma
Published: January 2024

Postgraduate study can be mentally, physically and emotionally challenging. The levels of anxiety and depression in postgraduate students are much higher than those in the general population, and isolation can also be a problem, especially for students who are marginalised due to gender, race, sexuality, disability or being a first-generation and/or international student. These challenges are not new, but awareness of them has increased over the past decade, as have efforts by institutions to make students feel supported. Under the umbrella of a Doctoral Training Partnership, we developed a programme in which reflective practice is employed to help postgraduate students navigate work environments, deal with difficult supervisory or professional relationships, and improve their work-life balance. Additionally, this reflective practice is allowing the training partnership to tailor support to its students, enabling them to effectively nurture our next generation of bioscientists.
UPRER–immunity axis acts as physiological food evaluation system that promotes aversion behavior in sensing low-quality food
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Liu Xinyi , Qi Bin
Published: January 2024

To survive in challenging environments, animals must develop a system to assess food quality and adjust their feeding behavior accordingly. However, the mechanisms that regulate this chronic physiological food evaluation system, which monitors specific nutrients from ingested food and influences food-response behavior, are still not fully understood. Here, we established a low-quality food evaluation assay system and found that heat-killed E. coli (HK-E. coli), a low-sugar food, triggers cellular UPRER and immune response. This encourages animals to avoid low-quality food. The physiological system for evaluating low-quality food depends on the UPRER (IRE-1/XBP-1) - Innate immunity (PMK-1/p38 MAPK) axis, particularly its neuronal function, which subsequently regulates feeding behaviors. Moreover, animals can adapt to a low-quality food environment through sugar supplementation, which inhibits the UPRER -PMK-1 regulated stress response by increasing vitamin C biosynthesis. This study reveals the role of the cellular stress response pathway as physiological food evaluation system for assessing nutritional deficiencies in food, thereby enhancing survival in natural environments.
A guide to the corals of Alaska
Authors: Stone Robert P. , Cairns Stephen D. , Opresko Dennis M. , Williams Gary C. , Masuda Michele M.
Published: January 2024

The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act of 2006 mandat¬ed the research and management of the nation’s deep-sea coral resources through establishment of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra¬tion’s Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program. The challenge for Alaska was daunting, where expansive, world-class fisheries often coincided with extraordinarily rich coral habitats for a high-latitude region. The first chal¬lenge was to inventory known locations of deep-sea corals. Many coral records and some museum collections existed from Alaska, but the taxonomy of cor¬als was little studied and field iden¬tification of corals was problematic. Formal bycatch programs and research activities in recent decades provided many more specimens for taxonomic study, but guides to species were largely incomplete, inaccurate, and outdated given the fast pace of species discovery in Alaska. We provide a comprehen¬sive, up-to-date guide, detailing 161 coral taxa identified from museum collections, primary literature, and video records. Each profile includes a description, images for each taxon, taxonomic history, biology, ecology, geographical distribution, and habitat, including depth distribution. Corals are found in the six regions of Alaska but the coral fauna of the Aleutian Islands is by far the most species rich. The state of taxonomy for some coral groups is ex¬cellent, while others require additional collections and more taxonomic work. Construction of this guide resulted in descriptions of several antipatharian species, published separately from this guide (Alternatipathes mirabilis, Bathypathes alaskensis, B. ptiloides, B. tiburonae, and Parantipathes pluma) and the scleractinian Flabellum (Flabel¬lum) oclairi Cairns, sp. nov. described herein. The guide provides informa¬tion for targeting new collections and identifying areas of high abundance and indicator species of vulnerable marine ecosystems. Stakeholders can now more adequately assess Alaska’s coral resources and risks from natural and anthropogenic stressors.
Legal Rights for Non-Human Beings? Theological Impulses for Ecological Justice as a Key Concept of an Ecocentric Ethics
Authors: Jähnichen Traugott
Published: January 2024

For more than five decades, representatives of the animal liberation movement and of a biocentric or even ecocentric perspective have been demanding that legal rights should be recognised for non-human beings. In 1780, the British philosopher Jeremy Bentham was the first to argue in favour of granting legal rights to animals (cf. Sezgin 2016). More generally, the United States jurist Christopher Stone (cf. Stone 1972) demanded legal rights for trees and for all elements of nature. Such concepts have been legally implemented in a few cases since the beginning of the 21st century, although there are still fundamental questions and differentiating rejections of the idea of legal rights for nature. This article develops a theological-ethical argumentation for the recognition of dignity for non-human beings with the consequence of granting legal rights in an ecocentric perspective. Keywords: Theocentrism, Integrity of Creation, Sustainability, Dignity of Nature, Participation
African Belief Systems and Gendering of Eco-Justice
Authors: Kilonzo Susan
Published: January 2024

The African belief system appears to outline concerns and care for the environment, which can form a basis for sustainability. This system also seems to speak to gender roles and responsibilities. The taboo system, for instance, has clear gendered guidelines for human and environmental responsibilities and rights, that appear to be interconnected. A reflection on the African belief system may therefore allow us interrogate and explain the roles of men and women, girls and boys, on climate change, and their response thereto. Since these beliefs and practices are lived side-by-side with modernity, an exploration of gender roles within the belief system may be useful in the overall mainstreaming of the work of men and women in climate change. The article draws from gender perspectives of a few African communities, to show how these perspectives provide varying platforms for addressing or neglecting effects of climate change in the continent, but also how the system affects livelihoods of men and women. Further, the paper explores ways in which the positive approaches can be mainstreamed in state-led approaches to eco-justice for sustainability. Keywords: Africa Belief System, Climate Change, Eco-Justice, Gender, Intersectionality, Modernity, Sustainability
Optimization of Implementation Scale to Measure the Attitude of Farmers towards Jalyukt Shivar Campaign
Authors: Thakare Pranali N. , Tekale Vishnukant S.
Published: January 2024

Adoption behaviour for a particular technology is mainly affected by the attitude held by intended farmers towards it. The present study aimed at developing and standardizing attitude scale on Jalyukt Shivar Campaign based on Likert’s technique of summated rating. The steps included item collection, item edition and selection, relevancy test, item analysis and calculation of “t” value, testing reliability and validity. A total of 45 items (statements) were pooled initially covering various aspects of Jalyukt Shivar Campaign and were subjected to item relevancy checking to 90 experts through email, WhatsApp and handed over personally by visiting to the experts. Based on the 90 experts responses, 28 items were screened out for item analysis. The reliability of the scale was measured by using test-retest method and the reliability coefficient was found to be 0.88 which was satisfactory. The validity of the scale was examined with the help of content validity. The scale developed finally consisted of 27 items. This standardized scale can be used by academicians with or without modifications to measure attitude of farmers towards Jalyukt Shivar Campaign and other water conservation programmes.
Evaluation of Advanced F4 Groundnut Breeding Lines for Chlorosis Tolerance, Morphological and Yield Parameters under Lime-induced Iron Chlorosis Condition
Authors: Srinivas Y.  , Koti R. V.  , Nethra P.  , Kalyani M. S. R.
Published: January 2024

Iron deficiency chlorosis, a major physiological disorder affecting the groundnut production worldwide and is prevalent in alkaline and calcareous soils with a pH of 7.5 to 8.5. Identifying and developing a chlorosis tolerant genotype is the best solution to overcome this major abiotic stress in calcareous soils. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, in June, 2019 under rainfed conditions to evaluate a set of sixteen advanced breeding lines along with three parents of groundnut checks for chlorosis tolerance, morphological and yield parameters. Associated traits like SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR) and visual chlorotic rating (VCR) were assessed to evaluate the chlorosis tolerance. Among the parents, lime induced iron chlorosis (LIIC) tolerant parent, ICGV 86031 had recorded higher SCMR value and lower VCR (35.62 and 2.40, respectively) at 60 DAS with lower plant height, higher number of branches per plant, total dry matter production and pod yield (19.27cm, 5.20, 9.34g and 9.21g, respectively) at harvest compared to LIIC susceptible parents. However, among the derived breeding lines, TIP 16-5 recorded higher SCMR value and lower VCR (28.82 and 1.72, respectively) at 60 DAS with higher plant height, number of branches and total dry matter (26.29 cm, 5.33 and 12.80g, respectively) at harvest over the respective susceptible parent TMV 2. Further, TIP 16-5 and JIP 29-14 recorded about 50.47 and 31.46 per cent increased pod yield over their susceptible parents. These results indicate introgression of dry matter production, pod yield and chlorosis tolerance from the tolerant parent.
Influence of Weather Parameters on the Development of Grey Mildew Disease in Cotton
Authors: Ashwini D. , Prasad B. Ram , Prashanth Y. , Madavi B. , Reddy R. Uma
Published: January 2024

A study was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station in Warangal to investigate the impact of environmental factors on the development of grey mildew (Ramularia aerola Atk) in cotton. The research spanned from the Kharif season of 2019-20 to 2022-23 and focused on both Bt and non-Bt cotton genotypes grown in vertisols. Disease scores were recorded weekly on randomly selected labeled plants, and the percentage of disease intensity (PDI) was analyzed in relation to various weather parameters. Grey mildew was observed during the boll development stage up to the boll bursting stage, reaching its peak during the latter phase. Correlation analysis revealed significant negative associations between PDI and maximum temperature, minimum temperature, morning relative humidity, evening relative humidity, rainfall, and the number of rainy days. These findings indicate that these environmental factors influenced the development of the disease in both Bt and non-Bt genotypes. Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis of PDI demonstrated that one percent increase in evening relative humidity led to a corresponding increase in the percent disease index of grey mildew. Specifically, in Bt (RCH 2 BG II) genotype, the increase was 0.38%, while in non-Bt (LRA-5166) genotype, it was 1.87%. Consequently, the study suggests the implementation of preventive and/or protective measures, such as the use of recommended fungicides like 0.3% wettable sulphur or 0.1% carbendazim.
Multivariate Analysis to Study Genetic Diversity for Yield and its Attributing Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Kumar Suraj , Vimal S. C. , Meena Rajendra Prasad , Prasad Lalu , Luthra Suraj , Srikanth Banoth , Kumar Alok , Pal Ramjee Kumar
Published: January 2024

The present investigation was carried out with 72 germplasm lines and three checks of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were grown at Crop Research Station, Masodha conducted in the GPB farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during Kharif June 2022- February 2023. Data on 10 characters, including grain yield per plant focused on diversity and PCA analysis. This investigation involved the analysis of 72 rice germplasm lines alongside three checks, showcasing extensive variation in agronomic and morphological traits. The study utilized Non-hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis to assess genetic diversity. The pseudo F-test determined the optimal grouping of 75 genotypes into six distinct clusters. Cluster distribution revealed varying genotype compositions, with Cluster V comprising the highest entries (20), followed by Clusters I, VI, and II. Intra- and inter-cluster distances illustrated significant variability among clusters, emphasizing genetic diversity. Examining agronomic traits across these clusters revealed noteworthy variations in days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, and productive tillers. Panicle length, flag leaf area, biological yield, harvest index, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield per plant also exhibited cluster-specific variations. These findings provide valuable insights for rice breeding programs, facilitating targeted enhancements of specific agronomic traits within the rice population, thus contributing to the development of more resilient and productive rice varieties.
Seasonal Incidence of Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and Leafhopper (Empoasca kerri) on Soybean
Authors: Rajashekar Kanjarla , Chauhan Sreedhar , Rajashekar Jampala , Santhosh Kapuai
Published: January 2024

The investigation titled " seasonal incidence of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and leafhopper (Empoasca kerri) on soybean" was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Adilabad, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University during the kharif seasons of 2017 and 2018. The pooled results revealed that among various sowing dates, namely, 18th - 15th of June (sowing I), 28th - 25th of June (sowing II), 7th - 5th of July (sowing III), 17th - 15th of July (sowing IV), and 27th - 25th of July (sowing V), sowing I recorded the minimum incidence of the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) population (2.00), and the maximum incidence was observed in sowing III (2.77) during kharif 2017. In the kharif season of 2018, the minimum incidence was noted in sowing IV (4.25), while the maximum was observed in sowing II (5.22). Similarly, the incidence of leafhoppers (Empoasca kerri Pruthi) was at its minimum during sowing I (2.99 and 4.41) and reached its maximum during sowing III (3.67 and 6.16) in kharif 2017 and 2018, respectively.
Simulation of Screening Performance of Linear Vibrating Screen for Sand Sorting Based on Discrete Element Method
Authors: Dan Gao , Linfeng Wu , Kaiqin Hu , Zheng Wang
Published: January 2024

Screening technology has been widely used in the grading of granular materials, in order to improve the screening efficiency and screening quality of sand particles, a linear vibrating screening device was designed. Analyzing the motion state of the vibrating screen, it is found that the factors affecting the screening efficiency and screening quality, mainly include: vibration frequency, amplitude and screen surface inclination angle. Taking sand grains as the research object, the Hertz-Mindlin with JKR contact model was chosen to analyze the influence of individual factors on the screening performance, and the discrete element method was applied to simulate and analyze the screening process of the material, and the screening efficiency of the material was used as a measure to obtain the vibration parameter set of the optimal screening performance. It is found that the best vibration parameter set of linear vibrating screen is: vibration frequency f=25Hz, amplitude A=4mm, screen surface inclination angle φ=4^°, at this time the screening efficiency can reach 95.77%. This study proves that the discrete element method has good reliability for the screening of particles, and it can be used to carry out efficiency analysis in the pre-production stage of the screening device, and provide corresponding reference for the design and parameter optimization of the vibrating screen.
Efficacy of Biopesticides against Whitefly, (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) on Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] in Northern Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Lal Bharat , Vishwakarma Devendra
Published: January 2024

An experiment was conducted in the field, Department of Entomology, RVSKVV, College of Agriculture, Gwalior (M.P.) in Kharif- 2018 and 2019.Efficacy of biopesticides against whitefly on okra. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with eight treatments. Biopesticides used in the experiments were Beauveria bassiana @ 0.5 kg/ha, Verticillium lecanii@ 1.0 kg/ha, Neem oil 5% @ 2.5 litre, Neem leaf extract 5% @ 25 kg/ha, NSKE 5% @ 25 kg/ha, Garlic clove extract 5% @ 25 kg/ha and Panchgavya 3% @15 litre/ha. All the biopesticides treatments were found significantly effective in reducing the population of whitefly over control untreated plots (11.73 whiteflies/six leaves). Among the biopesticides treatments, NSKE 5% (4.67 whiteflies/six leaves)found most effective in reducing the whitefly population followed by neem oil 5%(4.88 whiteflies/six leaves), V. lecanii (5.20 whiteflies/six leaves), neem leaf extract 5% (5.49 whiteflies/six leaves) and garlic clove extract 5% (5.68 whiteflies/six leaves). Whereas, panchgavya 3% (8.59 whiteflies/six leaves) was found least effective in both the years. Data computed on per cent reduction in whitefly population indicate that 26.8 to 60.2% population may be reduced by spraying of different biopesticides. The highest fruit yield (119.56 q/ha) was recorded in NSKE 5% followed by B. bassiana and neem oil 5%. Whereas, minimum fruit yield was recorded in panchgavya 3% in both the years. The highest net profit (27,128 Rs/ha) was obtained from the plots treated with B. bassiana followed by NSKE 5% (25,938 Rs/ha) and maximum benefit ratio in the B. bassiana (1:14.13) followed by V. lecanii (1:8.36), NSKE 5% (1:8:11) and garlic clove extract 5% (1:6.78).
Investigations on the Machining of Sintered Titanium Foams Utilizing Face Milling and Peripheral Grinding
Authors: Bram M. , Kempmann C. , Laptev A. , Stöver D. , Weinert K.
Published: July 2003

Titanium foams are regarded as potent materials for biomedical applications such as bone implants, and are, if possible, manufactured close to their final shape by sintering processes. There are cases, however, in which it is necessary to generate the final shape by machining, and problems resulting from the porous structure and the material characteristics become critical. In this article, two important methods of machining, i.e. face milling and peripheral grinding, are investigated for their applicability to Ti foams, and their scope and limitations are discussed.
Flow Reaction Forces upon Blowdown of Safety Valves
Authors: Muschelknautz S. , Wellenhofer A.
Published: July 2003

The activation of safety valves causes the development of flow reaction forces that have to be transferred in an adequate way via the piping to the steel structure or via the connected vessel into the foundation. If the safety valve outlet piping is connected to a blowdown system or, in case of blowing off into the atmosphere, are equipped with a T‐piece at the outlet, the stationary reaction forces are compensated completely. The transient opening process, however, develops flow reaction forces which culminate in peaks of short duration. In this article, a simple method will be proposed for the estimation of the resulting reaction forces as a function of the length of the pipe at the safety valve outlet. CFD calculations and blowdown tests executed with a full‐lift safety valve have confirmed this method on principle. Special importance is attributed to the short duration of the effect of the reaction forces which seems to have only a negligible impact on the supporting steel structure.
Determination of myo‐inositol phosphates in food samples by flow injection‐capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Simonet Bartolomé M. , Ríos Angel , Grases Félix , Valcárcel Miguel
Published: July 2003

A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method with indirect photometric detection was developed to identify and quantify myo‐inositol phosphates in food samples. A flow‐injection (FI) system including a micro‐column containing anionic exchange resin was used for the solid‐phase extraction of the myo‐inositol phosphates with a view to their preconcentration. The FI system was automatically coupled to CE equipment via a mechanical interface. The overall analysis time was shortened by incorporating an FI system for myo‐inositol hexakisphosphate monitoring. The limit of detection for myo‐inositol phosphates as determined by FI‐CE ranged from 11 to 26 μmol/L and the coefficient of variation from 3.9 to 5.0%. On the other hand, the limit of detection and coefficient of variation for myo‐inositol hexakisphosphate as monitored by the FI system were 75 μmol/L and 2.9%, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to a variety of food samples with recoveries ranging from 96.0 to 107.7% and the precision from 3.9 to 7.9%. Based on the results, the content of myo‐inositol hexakisphosphate in nuts was two or three times higher than that in legumes.
A new and selective capillary column coated with cationic diazacrown ether for separation of organic and inorganic anions by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Mori Masanobu , Tsue Hirohito , Tanaka Shunitz , Tanaka Kazuhiko , Haddad Paul
Published: July 2003

A new coated capillary has been introduced for capillary electrophoretic separation of anions by using a positively charged diazacrown ether with a 12‐membered ring. A positive charge spread over the inner capillary surface led to a substantial anodic electroosmotic flow (EOF) over the range of migrating buffer of pH 2–11. Under the optimum conditions of 25 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7, the diazacrown‐coated capillary showed a successful simultaneous separation of 7 inorganic anions and 13 aromatic anions (including positional isomers) in less than 15 min. The migration times of the sample anions and EOF marker for consecutive runs on a single column were highly reproducible, giving a relative standard deviation of 1%. Theoretical treatment of the migration behavior clearly demonstrated that ion association between the diazacrown and analyte anions is strongly dependent on the nature of the functional groups of anions (e.g., sulfonate groups > carboxyl groups) and the number of negative charges (e.g., trivalent anions > divalent anions > monovalent anions) on the analyte.
Pharmacotherapy for chronic depression
Authors: Kocsis James H.
Published: July 2003

This article reviews the current status of the treatment of chronic depression with antidepressant medications. Short and longer term clinical trials that have investigated the efficacy of several classes of antidepressants are summarized. The important outcomes of treatment in these studies, including response category, symptom reduction, and improved psychosocial function, are elaborated. Short‐term trials seem reasonably conclusive in establishing the effectiveness of antidepressants for dysthymia and double depression, although rates of remission fall short of 50%. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session.
Evaluation of a modified commercial assay in detecting antibody to hepatitis C virus in oral fluids and dried blood spots
Authors: Judd Ali , Parry John , Hickman Matthew , McDonald Tamara , Jordan Laura , Lewis Kim , Contreras Marcela , Dusheiko Geoff , Foster Graham , Gill Noël , Kemp Katie , Main Janice , Murray‐Lyon Iain , Nelson Mark
Published: July 2003

Oral fluid testing is an effective alternative to serum antibody testing for surveillance of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B infections, and is being extended to hepatitis C infections. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the sensitivity and specificity of a modified commercial assay for the detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) in oral fluids collected by two different oral fluid collection devices (the Epitope OraSure™ and Sarstedt Salivette™) and in dried fingerprick blood spots. In this study, 253 anti‐HCV seropositive patients and 394 blood donors (all anti‐HCV negative) were recruited between August 2000 and January 2001. Each participant provided oral fluid specimens by OraSure and Salivette, and at least one dried blood spot. Serum specimens were collected from the patients whenever possible. For those injecting drug users who did not provide a serum specimen, HCV status was established on the basis of previous testing. All the nonserum samples were tested for the presence of anti‐HCV, using a modified Ortho HCV 3.0 SAVe enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocol. The recommended preliminary cutoffs for the modified ELISA were suboptimal. Further, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values could be improved by varying the cutoff and taking into account the likely prevalence of HCV in the population under investigation. For instance, given a population with a 50% prevalence of anti‐HCV, the optimal sensitivities of the modified assay on OraSure, Salivette, and dried blood spots were 92%, 83%, and virtually 100%, respectively, in contrast to 83%, 59%, and 99% using the preliminary cutoffs. The respective optimal specificities were 99%, 93%, and 100%. In conclusion, oral fluids collected by the OraSure device provide an extremely useful method to conduct public health surveillance of not only HIV, but also hepatitis C, among injecting drug users. In addition, dried blood spot specimens may be useful for surveillance and could be employed as a first line diagnostic specimen. J. Med. Virol. 71:49–55, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The expression of cognitive vulnerabilities for depression in daily life: a French-American study
Authors: Swendsen J.D. , Compagnone P.
Published: July 2003

This prospective study provided a direct comparison of French and American samples concerning a cognitive diathesis for depression. Using the Experience Sampling Method and identical measures across sites, subjects were signaled five times daily by electronic devices to provide in vivo reports of negative events, attributions, and depressed moods. After controlling for effects associating clinical and demographic variables, and despite differences attributable to national origin, attributional style emerged as a highly significant predictor of the numerous specific attributions made to negative events within the course of daily life. However, consistent with the cognitive mediation hypothesis, attributional style did not directly explain depression levels. The results are discussed in terms of the predictive power of cognitive and personality assessments in understanding the day-to-day experience of depression.