bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Achievement and Autonomy: Using Memrise Mobile Application
Authors: Zohoorian Zahra , Noorbakhsh Masoud , Zeraatpisheh Mitra
Published: December 2022

There has been rapid advancement in the use of technology through which an extensive array of mobile technologies have been introduced to educational contexts. In the same vein, mobile assisted language learning provides new possibilities for improving language learning conditions. The current study was an attempt to find out the effect of Memrise Mobile Application on Iranian upper-Intermediate EFL learners’ vocabulary achievement and their autonomy. To find the effects, a pre-test post-test quasi-experimental study was conducted. Fifty participants were selected from a cluster of 110 students. The Quick placement test as a test of homogeneity was administered to select the upper intermediate learners. Accordingly, 25 participants for each of the  experimental and control groups were selected. Memrise Mobile Application was employed during the treatment period for teaching the 504 Absolutely Essential Words book to the experimental group while the control group was instructed the textbook of 504 Absolutely Essential Words. The intervention continued for a period of 8 weeks. A researcher-made vocabulary test and Zhang and Li’s (2004) standardized questionnaire on autonomy were administered. For the qualitative data collection, a semi-structured interview was conducted to determine the participants’ attitudes. An Independent T-test was run the results of which revealed a significant difference between the two groups in vocabulary achievement. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in autonomy. Moreover, based on the qualitative data it was concluded that the experimental group participants were more motivated holding a more positive attitude.
Contingency, Convergence, and Divergence of Teachers’ Questions In Classroom Interactions
Authors: Darong Hieronimus Canggung
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze questioning activity uttered by EFL teachers in terms of contingency, convergence, and divergence in their interactions with students. Data were gathered from six chosen EFL teachers’ questions teaching to college students, hereupon were attentively transcribed and analyzed using Conversation Analysis (CA) principle. The results found that contingency questions were in the form of extending, disputing, transforming, and repeating former utterances through clarification, display, and referential questioning types. Apart from contingency, convergence appearing in teacher questions might flourish students’ responses through display questions. Meanwhile, divergent questions tend to enlarge the talks. The seemingly endless “questioning problems” improvising limitless further research studies therewith, employing more data sources in a different methodology as well as the perspective of analysis are suggested as it directly affects the teaching-learning process.
Comparison of Commissive Acts between University of Oxford’s and Universitas Indonesia’s Prospectuses
Authors: Mosambonga Fajriyati Waibah , Yuliasri Issy , Faridi Abdurrachman
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to compare Oxford University (OU) as a native English speaker and Universitas Indonesia (UI) as a non-native English speaker in presenting commissive acts in their university prospectus to see their similarities and differences. This study used the descriptive qualitative method. The data were an English-written prospectus from OU, The World's Best University and UI, The Best Indonesian University in 2020, based on the 2020 World University Rankings by Times Higher Education (THE). Specifically, data were taken only from forty-nine courses in Undergraduate Programs from each prospectus. Data were analyzed using six types of commissive acts instruments according to Searle, (1976), namely Promise, Threaten, Guarantee, Refuse, Volunteer, and Offer supported with (IFIDs) and Felicity Conditions. Data were analyzed by identifying the types of commissive acts, classifying, comparing, interpreting, and concluding. This study found four similarities; both only presented three types of commissive acts such as Promise, Offer, and Guarantee. Both dominant presented the Guarantee type. Both tend to present commissive acts implicitly. For Promise and Guarantee, both do not present them explicitly. Three differences were; OU presented more commissive acts (312), while UI only (193). On the Promise type, OU tends to address its readers using (you), while UI used (students). On the Offer type, OU only presented it explicitly (27) times, while UI did it explicitly (17) and implicitly (3) times. The results of this study are expected to provide additional information regarding the proper use of commissive acts to attract readers' interest.
Short-term residual effect of municipal sewage sludge on the soil properties and potato yield
Authors: KEÇECİ Mehmet , USUL Mustafa , GÜCDEMİR İbrahim , UYGUR Veli
Published: December 2022

Sewage sludge (SS) is one of the significant wastes of modern city lifestyle with environmental consequences. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the municipal sewage sludge on the potato plant’s yield and nutrient elements and heavy metals content in a clay loam textured calcareous soil. The field treatment (corn-wheat-potato rotation) was implemented as fixed randomized blocks with 3 replications. The treatments were: control (without fertilizer), optimum fertilizer (OCF), 20, 40, 80, 100, and 120 ton ha-1 SS incorporation. The third-year results regarding the potato cultivation were presented. Results indicated that 4 ton ha-1 SS treatment resulted in a greater yield than the optimum fertilizer. The sewage sludge influenced the mineral nutrient composition of the leaves and the roots and the heavy metal concentrations in the plants were below the Turkish legal threshold values. Excessive application of SS had an inverse effect on the yield and reduced the essential nutrient concentrations of the leaves of the potato plants. This suggested that the residual effects of SS in the third year were considerable for either heavy metal concentrations or plant nutrients in the soil. Therefore, it can be concluded that a site-specific determination of the SS application rate is required to avoid potential deleterious effects of SS.
Evaluation of multiple bias correction methods with different satellite rainfall products in the Main Beles Watershed, Upper Blue Nile (Abbay) Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Nigussie Asmare Belay , Tenfie Hailu Wondmageghu , Zimale Fasikaw A. , Endalew Andualem , Wudiye Genet
Published: December 2022

This study investigates the utility of satellite-based rainfall products and the performance of bias correction methods in one of the sub-basins of the Upper Blue Nile Basin (Main Beles basin). Four satellite rainfall products are used: Climate Prediction Center (CPC) MORPHing technique (CMORPH), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42V7 (TMPA 3B42V7), and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). The performance of the satellite rainfall products (SRPs) was compared using three bias correction methods (Delta, Empirical Quantile Mapping (EQM), and Quantile Mapping (QM)) on five metrological stations. Six statistical criteria were used to evaluate these methods on the period 2003–2016 at daily and monthly scales. The results showed that SRPs and bias correction methods of CMORPH_QM (r = 0.538) and TMPA_3B42V7_EQM (r = 0.95) data showed good performance, while PERSIANN_EQM (r = 0.348) and PERSIANN_Delta (r = 0.83) performed worst at daily and monthly time scales, respectively. This study assessed the importance of SRPs and bias correction methods to use in data scarce regions for water resources planning and other related sectors.
Intrahepatic Splenosis: A Rare Case
Authors: Nalbant Mustafa Orhan
Published: December 2022

Background:

Splenosis refers to the autotransplantation of splenic tissue in a heterotopic location throughout different anatomic compartments, such as the peritoneal and pelvic cavities and even the thoracic cavity. Intrahepatic splenosis is very rare and usually mistaken for a neoplasm. The lack of typical radiological features makes it difficult to distinguish splenosis from liver tumors.

Case Report:

A 33-year-old female patient presented with post-traumatic splenectomy and had a history of recurrent surgery afterward. There were no significant findings in the physical examination or lab values. Imaging findings were non-specific, with nodular lesions in the liver and scattered in the abdomen. Due to the patient’s history, splenosis was considered in the differential diagnosis, and finally, scintigraphy was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis, so unnecessary surgery was avoided.

Discussion:

Splenosis is the implantation of splenic tissue after an elective or traumatic splenic rupture. US imaging indicates a hypoechoic to isoechoic mass. Low signal intensity on T1 and iso-to-high signal intensity on T2-weighted images are common MRI findings of splenosis. The arterial phase of spleen implantation is varied. Delayed phase signal intensity is usually less than the liver parenchyma. The spleen has the lowest ADC value and the most restricted diffusion of all the intra-abdominal organs.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, splenosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with a history of spleen surgery or abdominal trauma. It should correlate with the clinical history.
Incidental Diagnosis of Ovarian Torsion Due to a Krukenberg Tumor
Originating from Gastric Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Hong Jung Joo , Park Sung Bin , Kim Mi Kyung , Park Hyun Jeong , Lee Eun Sun
Published: December 2022

Background:

Benign lesions cause ovarian torsion more commonly than malignant ovarian
tumors. Further, Krukenberg tumors have rarely been reported to cause ovarian torsion.

Case Presentation:

Herein, we present the case of a patient with an incidentally discovered ovarian
mass, which was finally diagnosed as a Krukenberg tumor accompanying ovarian torsion with primary
stomach cancer. We further review the clinical, imaging, and histological features of Krukenberg tumors.

Conclusion:

Radiologists should be aware of Krukenberg tumors that may present with ovarian torsion.
Empirical Study on Detecting COVID-19 in Chest X-ray Images using
Deep Learning-Based Methods
Authors: Babaeipour Ramtin , Azizi Elham , Abdoli Hatam , Khotanlou Hassan
Published: December 2022

Aims:

COVID-19 is a widespread infectious disease that affects millions of people
worldwide. On account of the alarming rate of the spread of COVID-19, scientists are looking for
new strategies for the diagnosis of this disease. X-rays are much more affordable and widely available
compared to CT screening. The PCR testing process is time-consuming and experiences false
negative rates, these traditional medical imaging modalities play a vital role in the control of the
pandemic. In this paper, we have developed and examined different CNN models to identify the
best method for diaognosing this disease.

Background and Objective:

The efforts of providing testing kits have increased due to the transmission
of COVID 19. The preparation of these kits are complicated, rare, and expensive moreover,
the difficulty of using them is another issue. The results have shown that the testing kits take
crucial time to diagnose the virus, in addition to the fact that they have a 30 % loss rate.

Methods:

In this article, we have studied the usage of ubiquitous X-ray imaging, for the classification
of COVID-19 chest images, using existing convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Different
CNN architectures, including VGG19, Densnet-121, and Xception are applied to train the network
by chest X-rays of infected patients but not the infected ones.

Results:

After applying these methods the results showed different accuracies but were more precise
than the state-of-the-art models. The DenseNet-121 network obtained 97% accuracy, 98% precision,
and 96% F1 score.

Conclusion:

COVID-19 is a widespread infectious disease that affects millions of people worldwide.
On account of the alarming rate of the spread of COVID-19 scientists are looking for new
strategies for the diagnosis of this disease. In this article, we have examined the performance of
different CNN models to identify the best method for the classification of this disease. The VGG
19 method showed 93 % accuracy.
Assessment of Drug Usage Pattern among Bronchial Asthma Patients in a
Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Tamilnadu: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Paneerselvam Kala , Belur Kiran , Raveendran Jamuna Rani
Published: December 2022

Background:

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the small airways. Chronic
inflammation often causes hyper responsiveness of airways with wheezing, breathing difficulty,
cough and chest tightness.

Objective:

The present study aimed to evaluate the drug usage pattern of anti-asthma drugs among
asthma patients.

Methods:

The present study was a prospective, observational cross-sectional study carried out
among 422 outpatients being treated at the respiratory medicine department, SRM Medical College
Hospital and Research Centre. Data regarding the prescribing indicators and patient indicators
were collected from the patients’ prescription slips and entered in the preformed proforma. Prescribing
indicators were taken into consideration in evaluating the rationality of prescriptions.

Results:

In the present study, 49% of patients were between the age group of 20-40 years. Genderwise
distribution showed 58.05% of males and 41.95% of females. A family history of asthma was
seen in 68% of the study population. The present study reported smoking among 51% and tobacco
chewing in 21% of the study population. Low economic strata were observed in 77.9% of the study
population. According to asthma grading, 65.8% were in the mild intermittent, and 25% were in
the mild persistent group. Patients were on β2 agonists (35.4%) and corticosteroids (32%). The
most commonly used fixed drug combination was a short-acting β2 agonist with corticosteroid
(40.5%). A total of 68% of drugs were used by the inhalational route and 29% by the oral route.

Conclusion:

The findings showed that, the most frequently prescribed drug was a short-acting β2
agonist with corticosteroid in a fixed-dose combination via inhalational route.
Bioinformatics Study of the DNA and RNA Viruses Infecting Plants and
Bacteria that Could Potentially Affect Animals and Humans
Authors: Polanco Carlos , Uversky Vladimir N. , Huberman Alberto , Vargas-Alarcon Gilberto , Buhse Thomas , Marquez Manlio F. , Hernández-Lemus Enrique
Published: December 2022

Background:

From the existing knowledge of viruses, those infecting plants and bacteria and affecting animals are particularly interesting. This is because such viruses have an ability to vertically transmit to other species, including humans, and therefore could represent a public health issue of significant proportions.

Objective:

This study aims to bioinformatically characterize the proteins from the DNA and RNA viruses capable of infecting plants and bacteria, and affecting animals, of which there is some evidence of contact with human beings. It follows up on our previous Polanco et al., [1] “Characterization of Proteins from Putative Human DNA and RNA Viruses. Current Proteomics, 2022 19(1), 65-82 DOI: 10.2174/1570164618666210212123850”.

Methods:

The Polarity Index Method profile (PIM), intrinsic disorder predisposition (IDPD) profiles, and a Markov chains analysis of three DNA-viruses protein sequences and four RNA-viruses protein sequences that infect plants and bacteria and affect animals, extracted from the UniProt database, were calculated using a set of in-house computational programs.

Results:

Computational runs carried out in this work reveal relevant regularities at the level of the viral proteins' charge/polarity and IDPD profiles. These results enable the re-creation of the taxonomy known for the DNA- and RNA-virus protein sequences. In addition, an analysis of the entire set of proteins qualified as "reviewed" in the UniProt database was carried out for each protein viral group to discover proteins with similar PIM profiles. A significant number of proteins with such charge/polarity profiles were found.

Conclusion:

The bioinformatics results obtained at the level of the amino acid sequences, generated important information that contributes to the understanding of these protein groups.
Patented Keratinolytic Enzymes for Industrial Application: An
Overview
Authors: Anna Shestakova , Veronika Lyamina , Svetlana Timorshina , Alexander Osmolovskiy
Published: December 2022

Proteases that perform keratin hydrolysis (keratinases) have great potential in
biotechnology. After investigation, the next step to an industrial application is protecting
intellectual property by patenting. There are many fields of discovered keratinase implementation
dictated by features of the molecule and its producer. This article provides an
overview of existing patents on keratinases. Among the patents found using terms related
to 'keratinase', only those that contain data on the structure and features of the enzyme to
provide a sufficient overview of the current situation are covered. It includes information
on publication timelines of patents, as well as their origin; features of cultivation process
and producers, such as fermentation type and pathogenicity; and features of enzymes,
such as their classes, pH, and temperature optima. This article summarizes information
about proprietary keratinases and reflects trends and dependencies in their production and
application development. It is also the first review of existing patents on keratinases, which
emphasizes the uniqueness and novelty of this article.
Recent Patents on Intervention Auxiliary Device of Tracheal Stent
Authors: Bao Yudong , Zhan Yang , Li Xu , Qu Shengqian
Published: December 2022

Background:

The trachea is an essential part of the respiratory system. Lesions such as inflammatory granulomas cause Bronchial stenosis, which may be life-threatening. Tracheal stent placement is vital for treating airway stenosis, relieving dyspnea, and improving symptoms.

Objective:

This paper reviews the patents of tracheal stent placement and removal and auxiliary devices for diagnosis in recent years (from 2007 to the present) and introduces the characteristics and development of tracheal stent implantation, treatment, and assistive removal devices. In order to meet the need for more rapid operation and cause less harm to the human trachea, the structure of the tracheal stent surgical device needs to be improved continuously.

Methods:

This paper summarizes the research status of tracheal stent placement and removal and auxiliary devices for diagnosis and treatment in recent years and discusses the structural types and applications of tracheal stent auxiliary devices.

Results:

This paper summarizes the patent application of tracheal stent placement and removal and auxiliary devices for diagnosis and treatment at the present stage. This paper analyzes the main problems in its development and discusses the solutions to the problems and the future research direction.

Conclusion:

Tracheal stent surgical devices need further improvement in mechanical design, control strategy, etc. Tracheal stent surgical devices should be developed into universal, semi-automatic, and multi-functional machines. The relevant patents of the auxiliary device of the tracheal stent need to be developed.
CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 Genes Associated with Tricontinental and Latin
American Ancestry of Peruvians
Authors: Alvarado Angel T. , Saravia María , Losno Ricardo , Pariona Ricardo , María Muñoz Ana , Ybañez-Julca Roberto O. , Loja Berta , Bendezú María R. , García Jorge A. , Surco-Laos Felipe , Laos-Anchante Doris , Chávez Haydee , Aguilar Priscilia , Pineda Mario
Published: December 2022

Precision medicine seeks to individualize the dose from the beginning of
pharmacological therapy based on the characteristics of each patient, genes involved in the
metabolic phenotype, ethnicity or miscegenation, with the purpose to minimize adverse effects
and optimize drug efficacy. The objective was to review studies that describe the association of
the CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genes with the tricontinental and Latin American ancestry of
Peruvians. A bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed/Medline and SciELO, with various
descriptors in Spanish and English.

:

The results of this review confirm that the ethnic origin of Peruvians is tricontinental due to
European (mainly Spanish), African and Asian migration, in addition to Latin American migration,
being 60.2% mixed, 25.8% Amerindian, 5.9% white, 3.6% African descent, 1.2% Chinese and
Japanese descent, and 3.3% unspecified. Studies on CYP2C19*3, CYP2D6*2, *3 and *6 have been
reported in Peruvians, and the frequency is similar to that studied in Ecuadorians and Colombians.
The CYP2C19*3, CYP2D6*3, and CYP2D6*6 alleles found in Peruvians are common in
Europeans, Africans, and Asians; while CYP2D6*4 in Africans and CYP2D6*2 related to Asians.
In some studies, the ethnic/gene association has not been demonstrated; while others have shown
a significant association, which is why further investigation is warranted. It is concluded that the
studies on CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genes associated with the tricontinental and Latin American
ancestry of Peruvians are little, and according to what has been investigated, the CYP2C19*3,
CYP2D6*2, *3, *4 and *6 alleles have more related to their ancestry.
Understanding the functions and objectives of women's human resource management in the higher education sector
Authors: Safrida Safrida , Amelia Dahlia , Priyana Indarta , Sabirin Sabirin , Adiawaty Susi
Published: December 2022

This research was carried out to obtain scientific evidence showing the development of female human resources in the context of education and also the world of work. Today, gender balance is still an issue that gets the parties' attention. We have obtained data from several journals and books published between 2010 and 2022, which we obtained electronically by searching for us to review in establishing findings as answers to studies and hypotheses. We carry out the research process under a phenomenological approach, namely a method for getting answers from several existing data to obtain phenomenal findings in a study context. The review involves, among other things, the data coding system, the interpretation of the data, and the conclusion drawn on the principles of high validity and reliability. After discussing the results, we understand that the goals and functions of developing female human resources at the higher education level are mandated by the constitution of the republic of Indonesia following the declaration of world nations where the study of gender equity is ongoing. Hopefully, these findings will benefit efforts to develop studies on gender equality in education and will help develop similar studies in the future.
HYPOURICEMIC EFFECT OF METFORMIN IN GOUT PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES
Authors: Mykytyuk Myroslava , Chernyaeva Anna , Karachentsev Yurii
Published: December 2022

Treatment of gout and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is strategically similar: with gout, the goal is to achieve a normal serum urine acid (SUA) level (<360 μmol/L), with T2DM – normalization of glycemia, a frequent combination of these metabolic diseases requires taking into account the effect of drug therapy on concomitant diseases. As compared to the current drugs used in gout treatment, metformin (Met) has the potential advantage of targeting multiple aspects of the disease. The study aims to investigate the effect of Met on SUA levels in gout patients with T2DM.
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of medical records was carried out on 208 gout patients with Т2DM ≥18 years with at least one year of follow-up treatment in the rheumatology department. The survey was divided into 2 groups: Met group (n=107) – gout patients received Met (1000-2500 mg/daily) and control group (n=101) – gout patients received other peroral hypoglycemic therapy.
Results. Analysis of the baseline parameters in the groups of gout patients showed that Met users were somewhat younger (60 (58.72±9.73) and 61 (60.9±9.4), respectively) (P<0.02) and had better renal function ((Me 60 [50-70] and 50 [44-66], respectively) (P<0,005) compared to non-Met users. The vast majority of patients in both groups had more than two joints affected (79.4 and 83.2%, respectively). The drug of the choice to start urate-lowering therapy in most cases was allopurinol (98.1 and 98.0%, respectively). After one year, gout patients in the Met group showed a significant decrease in SUA levels from (468.9±61.9) to (318.7±44.9) μmol/L (P<0.0001). Within one year, 63.6% of the Met group had reached target SUA levels compared to 47.5% in the control group (P<0.023). The achievement of a significant decrease in fasting blood IRI (from 28.1 [12.8; 49.2] to 19.1 [11.5; 45.8] μmol/L (P<0.01), the HOMA-IR (from 3.5 [1.7; 9.1] to 2.8 [1.4; 9.2] (P<0.01) in patients Met group. The mean incidence of gout attacks was 2.02 per year (95% CI (1.28-2.36)) in the Met group and 4.00 per year (95% CI (2.56-5.42)) in the control group (P<0.01). The mean daily dosages of allopurinol at target for the Met group and control group did not differ significantly and amounted to (258±120) and (246±110) mg, respectively.
Conclusions: The use of a combination of metformin plus urate-lowering therapy (allopurinol) in gout patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus allows to achieve the target of serum urine acid level in 64% of patients; helps to reduce the severity of insulin resistance and significantly associated with a lower incidence of gout attacks.
Mechapocalypse
Authors: Anthony Dominguez
Published: December 2022

In 1988, Tomino Yoshiyuki released Char’s Counterattack, the filmic conclusion to the nine year saga he had begun with the original anime series, Mobile Suit Gundam (1979). Set in a distant and alternate future where war is fought in giant humanoid robots known as “mobile suits,” Char’s Counterattack centers on the final battle between the Democratic Earth Federation and the fascist Neo Zeon Empire. This essay examines Char’s Counterattack as its own watershed moment for the Gundam franchise wherein Gundam would begin to spin-off into multiple media and other franchises, including more anime and films, but also manga, toys, novels, and later video      games, all of which would be exported throughout the world, giving rise to Gundam’s global popularity. In reading the explosion of the Gundam franchise alongside its roots in the genre of “real robot” anime, this essay postulates that the destruction of real robots in Char’s Counterattack allegorizes the concept of C     ool Japan. In doing so, this essay traces the production and exportation of Gundam’s media to both East Asia in the 1980s and North America in the early aughts, thereby repositioning the pivotal role Char’s Counterattack plays in the growth of otaku culture alongside other works in the anime canon, such as Akira (1988) and Neon Genesis Evangelion (1995).
How Pathologists Dealt with the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Testoni Ines , Sapino Anna , Iacona Erika , Montagner Alessia , di Montegnacco Luca , Liberale Laura , Borczuk Alain , Calabrese Fiorella
Published: December 2022

During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, pathologists had to follow new protocols in their work environment around the world to limit or prevent the possibility of transmission of the infection during the autopsy of infected corpses. By using a qualitative research design, in this study, we investigated the emotions, experiences, and opinions of pathologists concerning changes in clinical practices. We specifically investigated their perspective on death. Our results encompassed five thematic areas, which included the effect of changes, courage to face the fear of death and trauma, attitude toward death and resilience, distress caused by internalized death, and the scientific mission and motivation to fight the fear of death. Additionally, disagreement within the scientific community and a negative attitude of people toward the work of pathologists who performed autopsies of COVID-infected cadavers further undervalued their work. We also discussed the necessity of controlling emotions when working in a clinical setting where exposure to dead bodies is inevitable.
Status of Online Education in India: Pre and Post COVID-19 Era
Authors: Susheela Susheela , Nasa Vandana
Published: December 2022

For the past several years, the COVID-19 pandemic has forced educational institutions around the world to close their doors and as a result, the academic calendar has been badly put on the line. The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked a global realization that the current way of the education system is not going to work and it needs serious reforms in developing countries like India where most of the curricula are designed for traditional offline modes of education. Online education is one of the most reliable methods that can help combat the inevitable crisis faced in India by the education sector due to COVID-19. There have been numerous challenges and opportunities created by the sudden change in teaching and learning methods. A critical analysis of the educational sector's impact during an Indian disease outbreak is presented in this article. Moreover, various aspects of how India approaches this critical situation through online education are discussed. In addition, the article provides information about how to handle the challenges of online education. The results of the investigation carried out in this paper indicate that majority of respondents are prepared to enroll and utilize the benefits of the online education system with few hurdles that need to be tackled by the government of India in order to spread this adoption to the masses.
MetaHealth – How Metavers will transform healthcare?
Authors: Gote Rutuja , Jadhav Dr. Sunita
Published: December 2022

Abstract: We live in a digital age, and Pandemic has accelerated the development of new health care products and introduced new business models and health opportunities. In addition to tele-medicine, supply chain, payment, secure data exchange, and remote monitoring applications, there and they are the latest innovations in blockchain and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) that enable the exchange of value on fragmented networks. Futurists and technology experts are also exploring how Metaverse can play a role in various fields. This Commentary aims to explore how Metaverse can be used in the future to transform, improve, and possibly transform health care. The following areas covered are teamwork, education, clinical care, wellness, and monetization.
The Authority of Ulama towards Politics: The Role of Teungku, Tuan Guru and Kiai in Nation Below the Wind
Authors: M. Alkaf  , Muhammad Said  , Saiful Hakam
Published: December 2022

This article discussed the relationship between ulama and politics in three types of elite Islamic leadership in Indonesia: Teungku in Aceh, Tuan guru in Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat, and Kiai in Java. The research was organized based on the central questions; what was the political role of Teungku, Tuan guru, and Kiai, and what was their authority in the dynamics of local and national politics? This research used qualitative methods with an ethnographic approach. Data was collected through direct observation, interviews, review of written sources, and documentation data. This article found that Teungku, Tuan guru, and Kiai, in addition to being religious elites, also played the role of political elites. With the capital of religious authority at their disposal, they were confident to engage in practical politics. Teungku in Aceh was actively involved in redefining the narrative of the Acehnese nation by promoting the formalization of Islamic Sharia through a policy of special autonomy. With this policy, Teungku's position became more substantial and strategic politically and religiously. While in Lombok, Tuan guru became a local strongman who seized legislative and executive power in Nusa Tenggara Barat. They succeeded in seizing local power from the Sasak aristocratic circles. Meanwhile, Kiai in Java appeared to color Indonesia's discourse and political system from the beginning. Nevertheless, they managed to become part of the power in national leadership history. The relationship of the three religious elites to politics was ultimately in line with the strengthening of authority, religious traditions, and religious institutions.
MÜZİK SANATININ ARGUVAN YÖRESİ GELENEKSEL TÖRENLERİNDE KULLANIMI
Authors: AYDOĞDU Can , İMİK Ünal
Published: December 2022

Geleneksel törenlerimiz, geçmişten geleceğe uzayan kültür ve sanat köprümüzün en temel yapı taşlarından birini oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenledir ki, geleneksel törenlerimiz en ince ayrıntısına kadar incelenmeli ve küreselleşme ile yok olmaya yüz tutan gelenek ve göreneklerimiz kayıt altına alınmalıdır. Bu araştırmada, Anadolu’nun her yöresinde olduğu gibi birçok kültürel ve sanatsal zenginliğe ev sahipliği yapan Malatya-Arguvan yöresinin geleneksel törenleri, çok yönlü olarak incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma durum tespiti yapmayı hedeflemesi bakımından betimsel bir özellik sergilemektedir. Araştırma sürecinde kaynak taraması, içerik analizi, kişisel görüşmeler, anket vb. araştırma tekniklerinden faydalanılmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarından birkaçını sıralanacak olursak; yörede birçok geleneksel törenin olduğu, bu törenlerin “Kız İsteme, Nişan, Düğün, Kına Gecesi, Asker Uğurlama, Abdal Musa, Kış Yarısı” vb. şekillerde isimlendirildiği, törenlerin yapısına has çeşitli geleneksel müzik, kıyafet, yemek vb. unsurların törende yer aldığı, özellikle bu etkinliklerden bazılarının oldukça az sayıda birey tarafından sürdürülmesi bakımından unutulmaya yüz tuttuğudur
Study of Anticonvulsant Drug (Phenytoin) Along with Synthesis and Pharmacological Effect
Authors: Choudhary Ujjawal , Kumar Vikas , Dwivedi Tripti , Ahmed Waseem , Vishavjeet Vishavjeet , Rathi Jagdeesh , Thakur Sonpal Singh
Published: December 2022

Phenytoin is slowly but nearly completely absorbed in the small intestine; oral bioavailability ranges from 70 to 100%. The drug is widely distributed in the body and is almost completely protein-bound, primarily to albumin. Phenytoin is metabolized primarily in the liver by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 to 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin, which is glucuronidated and excreted. Minor metabolites that are produced include 3,4-dihydrodiol, catechol (3,4-dihyroxyphenyl-phenylhydantoin), and 3-O-methylated catechol. Since hepatic metabolism is a saturable process, small increases in dosage can result in very large increases in serum levels. CYP2C9 also metabolizes warfarin and tolbutamide, which may explain interactions between phenytoin and these drugs. Phenytoin and metabolites may undergo enterohepatic recirculation prior to excretion. Most of the drug is eliminated in the urine as inactive conjugated metabolites, but small amounts of the unchanged drug may be present in the urine (2–4%) and feces (5%). In this study we prepared Phenytoin from Benzil and urea and determined it percentage yield.
Keywords: Phenytoin, Benzil, Urea, Percentage yield
A abordagem decolonial da crítica em Meu país é um corpo que dói
Authors: Pinto Lúcia Ricotta Vilela
Published: December 2022

Meu país é um corpo que dói reflete a autoria crítica de Claudete Daflon sendo elaborada além de um estabelecimento enrijecido de sistemas e metodologias. As “leituras-escutas”, talvez consequências de um gesto insubmisso, impelem a autora a uma posição clara no debate contemporâneo sobre a modernidade e a violência de uma conformação geosituada da experiência, do conhecimento e da consciência. Apostando no protagonismo da América Latina e no aprofundamento e reconhecimento de identidades comunitárias culturais, estéticas, linguísticas e étnicas, Daflon questiona a convicção do sistema-mundo na universalidade da humanidade. Justamente o sistema que, segundo pensa, fez e ainda faz da América Latina o palco das “seletividades perversas”.
APLIKASI RHIZOBIUM DAN KOMPOS GULMA AIR PLUS DALAM PENINGKATAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI KEDELAI (Glycine max (L) MERILL) BERBASIS SUMBER DAYA LOKAL
Authors: Evita Evita , Novita Trias , Jasminarni Jasminarni
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh efektifitas pemberian  rhizobium dan jenis kompos gulma air dan mendapatkan dosis rhizobium dan jenis kompos gulma air yang terbaik untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai sehingga didapat tanaman yang sehat dan bebas dari pupuk sintesis untuk menuju pertanian organik Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu dosis rhizobium dan jenis kompos gulma air. Perlakuan tersebut adalah sebagai berikut : Faktor pertama adalah dosis rhizobium (r) yang terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu : r0 = Tampa rhizobium, r1 = rhizobium 5 g kg-1 benih, r2 = rhizobium 10 g kg-1 dan r3 = rhizobium 15 g kg-1benih. Faktor kedua adalah jenis kompos gulma air (k) dengan 3 taraf yaitu : k0 = tampa kompos, k1 = kompos kiambang 10 ton ha-1, k2 = kompos azolla 10 ton ha-1. Variabel yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman,  jumlah polong per tanaman,  bobot polong per tanaman, berat 100 biji, dan jumlah bintil akar yang terdeteksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi pemberian rhizobium dan kompos gulma air terhadap parameter jumlah bintil akar. Pemberian rhizobium secara tunggal mampu meningkatkan parameter bobot biji per tanaman dan bobot 100 biji. Namun, pada parameter tinggi tanaman dan jumlah polong berisi per tanaman, pemberian rhizobium dan kompos gulma air secara tunggal maupun interaksi kedua perlakuan tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata. Pemberian rhizobium 10 g kg-1 benih memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai.
Evaluasi Performa Legislasi dalam Pembentukan Omnibus Law Cipta Kerja: Kajian Legisprudensi
Authors: Rishan Idul
Published: December 2022

Legisprudence is an approach to lawmaking which emphasizes theoretical and practical rationality of legislation. It is used to assess lawmaking by analyzing the accountability of its procedure, openness, and participation. This study is aimed at examining and formulating indicators of legisprudence in the national lawmaking to assess how the the Omnibus Law on Job Creation was made. According to socio-legal study, the indicators are legality, validity, participation, openness, prudence, and acceptability. However, none of them was found during the deliberation of the law. In particular, the omnibus method is not recognized under the prevailing system. It also lacks public participation and accountability. Likewise, proposed changes were approved during the deliberation process. Lastly, the law was unclear and incongruent. In its Verdict Number 91/PUU-XVIII/2020, the Constitutional Court declared the law conditionally unconstitutional due to procedural flaws in its formation. Based on the assessment, the principles of legisprudence should be followed in the national lawmaking.

Abstrak

Legisprudensi merupakan sebuah pendekatan pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan yang menitikberatkan pada rasionalitas legislasi secara teori dan praktikal. Cara kerjanya menguji proses pembentukan hukum dengan analisis akuntabilitas prosedur, keterbukaan, dan partisipasi. Artikel ini bermaksud mengkaji dan merumuskan indikator standar legisprudensi dalam pembentukan hukum nasional dan menggunakannya untuk mengevaluasi pembentukan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja, suatu undang-undang yang dibentuk dengan teknik omnibus law. Dengan studi sosiolegal, artikel ini mengajukan dan menawarkan enam indikator prinsip legisprudensi dalam pembentukan hukum nasional, yaitu legalitas, validitas, partisipasi, keterbukaan, kehati-hatian, dan akseptabilitas. Pada saat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi pembentukan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja, artikel ini tidak menjumpai satu pun dari keenam indikator tersebut yang terpenuhi. Hal ini antara lain ditunjukkan oleh performa legislasi yang tidak memiliki dasar hukum dalam penggunaan teknik omnibus law, tidak partisipatif dan demokratis, tidak akuntabel, adanya perubahan materi muatan di luar tahapan persetujuan, serta adanya ketidakjelasan dan ketidaksinkronan rumusan. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 yang menyatakan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja sebagai inkonstitusional bersyarat, sesungguhnya telah mengonfirmasi sekaligus menjustifikasi adanya pelanggaran asas dan prosedur dalam pembentukannya. Dengan evaluasi performa legislasi yang demikian itu, maka artikel ini mendorong penting untuk diadaptasi dan digunakannya prinsip legisprudensi dalam pembentukan hukum nasional.
Evaluación del estado ambiental del lago en el Parque Metropolitano La Sabana, San José, Costa Rica, para la implementación de medidas de rehabilitación ecológica
Authors: Chaves Ramírez Carlos
Published: December 2022

Los lagos urbanos presentan una grave degradación ambiental y paisajística ya que

las actividades antropogénicas han desencadenado y acelerado la contaminación del agua, comprometiendo su calidad y disponibilidad, pilar de la supervivencia humana. Entre los principales impactos se encuentran la alteración de la calidad del agua por vertidos puntuales o difusos de contaminantes, y la erosión hídrica con consecuencias en el aumento de la sedimentación y la eutrofización. El lago de la Sabana es un ejemplo puntual de cómo las actividades humanas degradan este humedal artificial a nivel de paisaje. Lo anterior, se ve también reflejado en la calidad fisicoquímica y principalmente microbiológica, presenta altas concentraciones de coliformes en el agua que lo convierten en un espacio no apto para el desarrollo de actividades recreativas. Se deben considerar estrategias para la gestión, conservación y recuperación en lagos urbanos, basadas en la rehabilitación ecológica y en obras de bioingeniería con el fin de ser valoradas y replicadas en el contexto del lago de la Sabana.
Catalytically self-sufficient CYP116B5: domain switch for improved peroxygenase activity
Authors: Correddu Danilo , Catucci Gianluca , Giuriato Daniele , Nardo Giovanna Di , Ciaramella Alberto , Gilardi Gianfranco
Published: December 2022

Self-sufficient cytochromes P450 of the sub-family CYP116B have gained
great attention in biotechnology due to their ability to catalyze
challenging reactions towards a wide range of organic compounds without
the need of a separate reductase partner. However, these P450s are often
unstable in solution and their activity is limited to short reaction
time. As the isolated heme domain of CYP116B5 has been shown to work as
a peroxygenase with H2O2 without the need for expensive NAD(P)H, in this
work protein engineering was used to generate a chimeric enzyme
(CYP116B5-SOX), in which the native reductase domain is replaced by a
monomeric sarcosine oxidase (MSOX) that is able to produce H2O2 with a
controlled and continuous release in time. The full-length form enzyme
(CYP116B5-fl) is expressed and characterized for the first time,
allowing a detailed comparison to both the isolated heme domain
(CYP116B5-hd) and CYP116B5-SOX. The catalytic activity of the three
forms of the enzyme was studied using p-nitrophenol as substrate, and
adding NADPH (CYP116B5-fl), H2O2 (CYP116B5-hd) and sarcosine
(CYP116B5-SOX) as direct or indirect source of electrons. CYP116B5-SOX
outperforms CYP116B5-fl by 10 folds and CYP116B5-hd by 3 folds, in terms
of p-nitrocatechol produced per mg of enzyme per minute. CYP116B5-SOX
represents an optimal model to exploit CYP116B5 and the same protein
engineering approach could be used for P450s of the same class.
Amplitude behavior in low-rank acoustic modeling
Authors: Schleicher Jörg , Costa Jessé Carvalho , Novais Amélia , Landeta B. Andres V.
Published: December 2022

The numerical simulation of wave propagation can be represented by a propagator matrix applied to previous instances of the wavefield. Using the sparsity of the propagator matrix to approximate it by a low-rank representation, one can increment the wavefield’s phase from one time instance to another. Though this procedure does not pay attention to the amplitudes of the seismic waves, it is important to understand its dynamic properties. Here, we evaluate the amplitudes obtained by the low-rank method in the simulation of 2D acoustic wave propagation. In homogeneous media, where theoretical expressions for the wavefield are available, the method provides not only an excellent kinematic approximation, but also reliable amplitudes. For a single horizontal reflector below a homogeneous overburden, the reflection coefficients approximated by the low-rank method are of the same quality or slightly superior to those obtained by a second-order finite-difference (FD) method (implementation from SU). However, in more generally inhomogeneous media, our tests showed larger discrepancies between FD and low-rank modeling results. While comparing unfavorably with FD regarding computation time for small models, its quasi-linear scaling with model size makes the low-rank method superior for large models. Moreover, a generalization to more complex, e.g., anisotropic, media is straightforward.
Use of the Magnetotelluric Method in Brazil and Future Challenges
Authors: Padilha Antonio Lopes , Santos-Matos Andrea Cristina Lima dos , Pádua Marcos B. de
Published: December 2022

The magnetotelluric (MT) method is based on measurements of natural electric and magnetic fields at the Earth’s surface to probe the subsurface electrical resistivity structure. A summary of the use of the method in Brazil is presented, with emphasis on the initial theoretical and experimental developments for its implementation in the country. The expansion of the method in recent years is related both to academic studies on the tectonic evolution of geological provinces and to contracted surveys mainly restricted to support oil exploration. Two major challenges are proposed to increase the contribution of the method in the next years. One is the planning and installation of a large experimental program to obtain long-period data from stations installed in a 3D grid. It can contribute to improve the knowledge of the tectonic evolution of the Brazilian shield and also to locate new areas with potential for exploration of mineral resources. Coupled with this expansion of field measurements, another challenge is the need to formulate new data processing techniques. The main objective will be to minimize the effects of coherent and intermittent EM noise related to the installation in the country of electric power transmission networks using high voltage direct currents (HVDC).
Energy plants as biofuel source and as accumulators of heavy metals
Authors: Nikolic Magdalena , Tomasevic Vladimir , Ugrinov Dragan
Published: December 2022

Fossil fuel depletion and soil and water pollution gave impetus to the
development of a novel perspective of sustainable development. In addition
to the use of plant biomass for ethanol production, plants can be used to
reduce the concentration of heavy metals in soil and water. Due to tolerance
to high levels of metals, many plant species, crops, non-crops, medicinal,
and pharmaceutical energy plants are well-known metal hyperaccumulators.
This paper focuses on studies investigating the potential of Miscanthus sp.,
Beta vulgaris L., Saccharum sp., Ricinus communis L. Prosopis sp. and Arundo
donax L. in heavy metal removal and biofuel production. Phytoremediation
employing these plants showed great potential for bioaccumulation of Co, Cr,
Cu, Al, Pb, Ni, Fe, Cd, Zn, Hg, Se, etc. This review presents the potential
of lignocellulose plants to remove pollutants being a valuable substrate for
biofuel production. Also, pretreat-ments, dealing with toxic biomass, and
biofuel production are discussed.