bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P03-236 - New Putative Therapeutic Efficiency Of Methadone In Schizophrenic Patients With Drug-Dependence Sdr
Authors: Mititelu A.
Published: June 2010

The drug dependence especially opioid dependence, represents at moment a very challenging therapeutic domain, even that huge steps-methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone-had been discovered.

The fact that almost 50% of all drug-induced psychosis results during the progess of disease to various forms of schizophrenia is as well an undeniable truth.

The main aim of this retrospective study is to raise the question, upon a possible therapeutic effect of methadone in the clinical evolution of patients diagnosed according with DSMIV with clinical forms of Schizophrenia Sdr which are presenting as well a drug dependence sdr.

The study had been realised on patients which were held in various prison establishments. the number of the patients was 24 with age between 24-35 years old, with longstanding history of heroin of heroin abuse(IV user) for tlast 10 years, cocaine/crack user-10 years,10 years of cannabis user.

All patients were presenting at the start of the stydy positive symptoms(delusion with presecutory themes; auditive and viusal hallucinations; evident thought disorders) and negative symptoms (apathy, anhedonia, social isolation, even at the point of autistic withdrawal). All of them were under specific treatment with second generation of antipsychotics-e.g. Olanzapine, Risperidone, Aripiprazole.

The length of time for the study was of 9 months. During this interval, after they had re start the methadone programme with corect adjusted doses depending on the severity of their drug dependence, it had been seen a massive reduction of negative symptoms but also a semnificative decrease of their positive symptoms-especially hallucinations.

The main explanation for this unexpected therapeutic effect is represented by the mechanisms which oipiod substitutes-methadone, esp-exerts upon the dopaminergic pathways (involved in the genesis of schizophrenic pathology).
P03-248 - Prospects Of Stem Cells Therapy In The Treatment Of Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Osain Welcome M. , Alekseevic Pereverzev V.
Published: June 2010

Substance use disorders are common to many countries and cause significant problem to public health. Millions of people worldwide are affected by substance use disorders. In 2002 the World Health Organization estimated that 91 million people are affected by alcohol use disorders and 15 million by substance use disorders. According to experts’ estimates, cases of substance use disorders are presently on the increase. With the latest advancements in stem cell research, coupled with the inadequacy in the normal pharmacotherapy, there is immense need for the development of stem cell therapy for substance use disorders. The regenerative ability of stem cells to restore damaged tissues/cells, including its paracrine effects can be harnessed for substance use disorders. Recent studies show that embryonic stem cells may have potential use in the treatment of chronic alcoholism, especially in children. Stem cell therapy will enhance and better the treatment outcome for substance use disorders. Extensive research in substance use disorders using stem cells is therefore highly encouraged.
P03-256 - Psychiatric Comorbidities And Therapeutic Management In Opiate-Dependent Patients Undergoing A Replacement Therapy Program In Spain: The Proteus Study
Authors: Roncero C. , Box B. , Fuste G. , Barral C. , Llaudó J. , Eiroa F. , López C. , Casas M.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

According to 2008 data, there are 80.000 patients undergoing replacement opiate programs (RMP) in Spain. However, the clinical therapeutic management and the psychiatric and medical comorbidities have not been well described.

Objectives

To describe the current therapeutic management and psychiatric comorbilities of opiate-dependent patients undergoing a RMP in Spain.

Methods

We carried out an observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study from September 2008 to February 2009. Patients > 18 years, with written informed consent, with a opiate-dependence according to DSM-IV-TR criteria and currently scheduled in a RMP in Spain were included.

Results

624 patients (38.89±7.95 y.o.,84% men) were included in the study from 74 centers.

Psychiatric comorbidities were clinically detected in 68% of all valuable patients, most frequently anxiety (53%), mood (48%) and sleep disorders (41%). Patients receiving buprenorphine-naloxone suffered less sleep disorders (19% vs. 43%; p=0.0327) The proportion of patients with at least one psychiatric comorbidity was directly related to methadone dose (p=0.0066).

The most frequent replacement therapy was methadone (94%), usually in ≤ 40 mg/day (38%) and 40-80 mg/day doses (40%); mean follow up period being 45.88±51.86 months. Significant differences were found between methadone doses and retention. Patients with HIV and HCV infection received higher doses of methadone (HIV+ patients (p=0.0024) and HCV+/ HIV+ patients (p=0.0250) due to ARV treatment; and showed less PMM retention.

Conclusion

Patients present high rates of dual diagnosis, and infectious and non-infectious comorbidities, expecting higher doses of methadone than found (54.04±47.26 mg/day) in the study to assure a proper retention in the maintenance programs.
P03-258 - Family And Self Perceptions In Relation To Perceived Existence Of Serious Recent Financial Problems In Families With (Non)Dependent Member
Authors: Rus-Makovec M. , Sernec K. , Rus V.S. , Cebasek-Travnik Z. , Tomori M. , Ziherl S.
Published: June 2010

Problem Which are the relations between perception, that respondents had serious financial problems in the last year (independent variable) and 1.mothers’ and fathers’ self-esteem, perceived depression, evaluation of own family climate and 2.different parental dependencies, mostly the alcohol one (dependent variables). Methods Three types of families were included (families with no referred dependent member, with drug dependent children, with alcohol dependent fathers), all together 197 families. Rosenberg self - esteem scale, original semantic differential for family climate, Zung depression scale, anamnesis information, questionnaire identifying family structural aspects/interaction dynamic and SASSI instrument (Substance abuse subtle screening inventory) were applied. Age and estimation of fathers’ and mothers’ dependency seriousness (AUDIT - Alcohol use disorder identification test) were taken into account as covariates. Results Almost all perceptions ad 1., so from the mothers’, as from the fathers’ side, differed significantly regarding the mothers’ perception of existence of recent serious financial problems, while analogous differences were found in the case of fathers only for fathers’ self-esteem. Significant age covariate effect was found as more frequently connected with dependent variables when fathers’ perceptions were source of variation. Mothers differed significantly regarding the independent variable only in three SASSI sub scores (COR, FAM and DEF), while fathers did not differ only in two (FVOD, RAP). Conclusion Higher financial self-evaluation of mothers mostly expresses also higher family's financial level. Parental financial status does not contribute only to more effective recovery and well-being, but also to certain degree to higher level of denial.
P03-260 - Substance Abuse And Adolescence - Study Of New Referrals To A Portuguese Substance Abuse Treatment Service During A Year
Authors: Soares M. , Pedroso S. , Simoes M. , Andrade E. , Fraga M.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Study of a patient population with drug problems. Analyses of demographics and drug abuse data.

Methods

We examined medical files of all new patients who attended the outpatient clinic of the Drug and Drug Abuse Institute in Coimbra, Portugal, during a period of a year, in order to characterize this population.

Results

A sample of 171 patients, predominantly male, age ranging from 15 to 54 years-old, was evaluated. Within our sample, low education predominates, with early school drop-out. The predominant initial drug (excluding alcohol and tobacco) was hashish. The age of onset of consumption varied between 7 and 38 years-old. The main drug of most patients is heroine (n=100), and most started their consumption between ages 15 and 18 years-old.

Conclusions

The best treatment of substance abuse is prevention. While there are well-controlled studies available for the treatment of substance use disorders in adults, no such studies are available for children or adolescents. Psychological, although not physical, dependence has been reported with cannabis use. Regular users may withdraw from the challenges of the external world into a state of chronic low motivation. Such individuals then become at risk for entering into more dangerous drug-taking activities. Earlier adolescent substance use and heavier adolescent substance use are associated with greater risk of later drug problems. In addition to providing a service to people with drug problems, it is necessary to focus on prevention and discourage the consumption of the so called mild drugs.
P03-261 - Sphincter Of Oddi Dysfunction:Sonographic Examination In Opiate Addicts
Authors: Soltan M. , Abdel Ghaffar M.
Published: June 2010

Objective

To benefit from the usefulness of ultrasonography in measurement of common bile duct in opiate addicts and to correlate between the common bile duct (CBD) diameter and the duration of addiction.

Materials and method

Fifteen addicts, diagnosed according to DSM IV diagnostic criteria, were examined by abdominal ultrasound. The common bile duct is measured and the results were analyzed with other factors like age, the period of addiction, laboratory findings.

Results

According to the findings, there is a significant increase in the range of the CBD diameter in comparison with normal bile ducts. Also, the mean diameter of the CBD in the different age groups showed a significant difference (p < 0.01) and there was a positive significant correlation between the CBD diameter and the period of addiction (p < 0.05, r = 0.875); the multiple comparisons shows that the significant difference between the 3 age groups were due to a significance between group (1) & (2), and group (1) & (3) but no significance between group (2) & (3). So, with the increased length of the addiction period, the mean CBD diameter increases.

Conclusion

In opiate addicts, the common bile duct is found to be dilated; however with normal serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase level and no obstructive causes by ultrasound examination, no need for any further assessment.
P03-269 - A Survey Of The Extent Of Alcohol Use On Academic Performances Of Undergraduates
Authors: Welcome Osain M. , Pereverzev Alekseevic V.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Alcohol use by students is a major public health problem, leading to the Secondhand Effects - decrease in academic performance, injuries, blackouts etc.

Aim

To determine the extent of alcohol use on academic performance of university students.

Methods

Participants (n=46, mean age - 21 yrs) received the AUDIT questionnaire and other alcohol related questions. Grade Point Average and the effectiveness to sit for examinations of all participants from the 1st to 6th semesters of university education were used as objective criteria for problems related with alcohol use. The Pearson χ2 and Student's t-tests were employed for analysis of results. The probability value for significance was set at p< 0.05.

Results

Alcohol and non-alcohol users were 41.3% and 58.7% respectively. Among alcohol users, the average quantity of alcohol used by one person per month was 37ml of absolute ethanol. A 10.9 - 11.4% higher rate of academic performance was noted among the non-alcohol users only in the 3rd, 4th and 5th, 6th semesters. The cases of injuries and blackouts were higher among the alcohol users by approximately 35 times. About 75% of all drinkers reported alcohol use only during their university education. The dose-time response effect of alcohol use on cademic performance was also proven.
P03-270 - Quantity-Frequency Response Effect Of Alcohol Use: A Literature Review
Authors: Welcome Osain M. , Pereverzev Alekseevic V.
Published: June 2010

Over the years, the rate of increase in alcohol problems has been basically subject to the dose dependent effect. Current epidemiological data including a recent study by Welcome and colleagues (Pîrt Harcourt Med J 2008; 3: 120-129) showed that for approximately the same per session dose of alcohol used, the effect was greater for the problem drinkers, compared to the moderate drinkers as a result of the 1.8 times difference in frequency (p< 0.001). The results of our 4 year survey involving over 2000 participants confirmed that for almost the same per session dose of alcoholic beverages, the effects were significantly greater for the problem drinkers by 2.4-45 times. The frequency was higher for the problem drinkers by 3.2 times (p< 0.0001). This phenomenon of increase alcohol effects even for an equal per session dose, but different frequency of its use could be referred to as the “frequency response effect”. Our analysis of epidemiological and clinical data for the last six decades revealed that even for a little increase in frequency of alcohol use (even for almost the same per session dose) the resultant effect was enormously huge. The frequency response effect of alcohol use should therefore be greatly considered in any case of alcohol involvements. Finally, it is however pertinent to note that while most acute cases of alcohol involvements are caused by binging, the frequency response effect might only be blamed, in most cases, for chronic alcohol problems.
P03-273 - Orexins: Looking Back In Stress And Forward To Addiction
Authors: Xiu P.Y. , Masand S. , Agius M. , Zaman R.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

The hypothalamus plays an important role in regulating stress, reward and motivated behaviours. Central to this is the orexin (hypocretin) system, which is a key player in regulating these processes. The orexin system reflects an established functional dichotomy, where reward-mediated pathways are regulated by the anatomically distinct lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons; and stress is regulated by the orexin neurons located in the perifornical area.

Objectives

To analyse current experimental literature on the role of orexin in the regulation of both stress and addiction

Methods

PubMed - searched with MeSH term “orexin” or “hypocretin”, with additional terms; “addiction”, “stress”, “relapse”.

Results

The orexin neurons of the lateral hypothalamus act on the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, activating it directly, to produce its reward-seeking behavioural effects. The orexin neurons of perifornical area however mediate the response to stress, by increasing arousal, locomotor activity, and cardiovascular responses. But, via the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA), it can also mediate effects on the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, in particular the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and cause reward-seeking behaviour as well. Additionally neurons containing corticotrophin-releasing factor connect the HPA reciprocally with lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons.

Conclusions

The pathways by which they work through are now understood reasonably well, but there is still new evidence emerging all the time which is increasing our understanding of the whole system, and this will have major implications in how we can approach addiction and diseases where the reward pathways are continuously activated.
P03-278 - Gene-Environment Interactions Of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor 1 (Crhr1) And Stressful Life Events In Suicide Attempts
Authors: Ben-Efraim Y.J. , Wasserman D. , Wasserman J. , Sokolowski M.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Suicide is a leading cause of death in young people worldwide. Risk factors for suicidal behaviors and endophenotypes are partly heritable, and include variants in genes that drive stress diathesis in addition to, or by interaction with, certain adverse environments. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis genes are candidates for association with the dysregulated cortisol response to psychosocial stress that is observed in suicidal individuals. The role of HPA axis genetic variation will be explored in the context of varying “susceptibility” to suicidality after exposure to certain stressful life events.

Methods

A family-based association test was used on a case offspring-parent “trio” sample of 672 suicide attempt cases and their parents. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP's) and/or haplotypes in CRHR1 were studied for interaction with age of exposure to physical and/or sexual assault, gender, and/or lifetime exposure to other types of stressful events.

Results

Preliminary findings show interactions of certain CRHR1 SNP's with sexual and/or physical assault that are associated with suicide attempt, possibly using a violent method. Possible associations with candidate endophenotypes such as Cluster B personalities and early-onset major depression are under investigation.

Conclusions

Interactions of HPA axis genetic variants and stressful life events are consistent with a stress diathesis model of suicidal behavior, and may additionally influence the method and medical damage outcomes of suicide attempts, which may explain part of the diversity within this phenotype.
P03-281 - Attempted Suicide Among Immigrants In European Countries - An International Perspective
Authors: Bursztein Lipsicas C. , Makinen I.H. , Wasserman D. , Apter A.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

The literature on suicidal behaviour among immigrants is scarce and little has been written from a comparative perspective.

Aims

The aim was to investigate whether suicide attempts are more common among immigrants than among their hosts, to map the differences between different immigrant groupings, and to analyse whether suicidal behaviours among immigrants and the populations of their countries of origin are related.

Methods

Data on suicide attempts (27,000 person-cases) originated from the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behaviour. Suicide attempt rates were calculated for each group. The immigrant groups were compared at each Center and across Centers. The completed-suicide rates of the home countries were compared to attempted-suicide rates in the immigrant groups using rank correlations.

Results

Twenty-seven of the 56 immigrant groups showed significantly higher suicide attempt rates than their hosts. Also, they tended to have similar rates across different Centers. There was a significant correlation between the country-of-origin suicide rate and the immigrant-group suicide attempt rate among those born there. However, Chileans, Iranians, Moroccans and Turks displayed high suicide-attempt rates as immigrants despite low suicide rates in the home countries.

Conclusions

The similarity of the groups’ rates across Centers, and that of the suicidal behaviour in the countries of origin and among immigrants suggests strong continuity, which may be interpreted in cultural or genetic terms. The generally higher rates among immigrants in each Center and across Centers point to the influence of acculturative factors. Additional investigation into the specific characteristics of immigrant suicide attempters is needed.
P03-282 - Attention Of Suicide Attempts In Psychiatric Emergency
Authors: Campos Mangas M.C. , Ruiz Feliu M.A.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

interconsultation mode of observation from the emergency service is a subtype of demand related in large part with suicide attempts. the initial priority is to ensure the absence of organic complications resulting from suicide attempts, so it is usual in the course of 24 hours is appropriate to the request for psychiatric assessment

Aims

description of demographic and clinical profile associated with suicide attempts treated in the emergency department

Methods

are selected interconsultations motivated suicide attempts over 4 consecutive months in the emergency department of a tertiary hospital. the results were analyzed using SPSS 14

Results

is selected from all those applications that relate to suicide attempts, resulting in a sample of 48 patients. the percentage of sex femininity is 73% and the average age is 38 years. respect to outstanding personal psychiatric history of affective disorders with 74%, substance abuse accounts for 37% and 10% psychotic history. 52% had made previous suicide attempts of low lethality and in 6% serious previous attempts. regarding the method used highlights with a 57% intake of drugs and second toxic and ingestion of alcohol and drugs.

Conclusions

evidenced a higher prevalence in female suicide attempts and low lethality, both of previous attempts like those presented today. only 10% of cases, held an admission to a psychiatric inpatient unit. the relationship with affective disorders, as well as with substance abuse is widely recognized in the literature
P03-284 - Self-Immolation Of The Soviet Opponents In Central Europe : Suicidal Behaviour Or Political Protest?
Authors: Cechova-Vayleux E. , Brière M. , Gohier B. , Garré J.-B. , Richard-Devantoy S.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Around thirty of cases of public self-immolation occurred in Czechoslovakia, Poland and Lithuania between 1968 and 1972 in the background of protest movement against the Soviet ledinvasion. Rather than an act of a political protest, in a moment of absurdity of the existence, or a rational solution aimed to finish a desperate life situation, could a self-immolation also testify a suicidal behaviour and a failure of adaptation mechanisms of the victims concomitant a mental disorder?

Method

We have selected and studied four most mediated cases of this period. Press articles available in English, French and Czech, biographical writings and czech archived data concerning Palach J. R. Kalanta, J. Zajic and R. Siwiec allowed us to retrospectively analyse the circumstances of the acting out, their apparent or hidden motivations and identify their suicidal risk factors.

Results

All the four victims were men, young single students, aged between 18 and 21 years, excepted from R. Siwiec, aged 60 years. None had a psychiatric history or abuse of alcohol. All four, in the opposition of the communist system, were surrounded by a supporting family background. The public character of their act highlights the opposition against a totalitarian system and is questionning the possible intentionality of their behavior or the identification process of the young adults in post-adolescence.

Conclusion

Immolation by fire of Soviet opponents in Central Europe should be revised in the light of the likely depression and narcissistic vulnerabilities of these subjects.
P03-286 - Characteristic Of Suicidal Behavior Peoples In Minsk City
Authors: Davidouski S. , Igymnov S. , Gelda A.
Published: June 2010

Minsk city is the capital of the Republic of Belarus, in which 1 770 000 people live. Minsk had a heavy figures of suicidal activity (2003 -19,7 cases per 100 000, 2004 - 15,7 cases per 100 000 population).

To prevent suicide in Minsk a suicidal activity monitoring is conducted since 2005; it includes registration of all cases of suicide and suicide attempts. The monitoring aimed to identify main forms of suicidal behavior, gender and age-specific characteristics of suicide. It was revealed that among suicides prevailed men, aged 40-59 year. Most common type of suicide are hanging, 85% of all cases. Among suicides 62.3% have one or another concentration of alcohol in the blood, often a concentration of from 1.5 to 2.5%.

Only 16.6% of the total committed suicides get to medical help as a result of addiction problems. About 30% of the total committed suicides seek medical help to a general practitioner, but no signs of suicidal behavior did not. 65% of the total committed suicides never worked and has not studied. This group do not seek psychological help (request it mostly women - 85%, aged 35-45 years).

As shown by 3-year observation, only 0.5% persons who commit suicide attempts committed suicide later.

As a result of this work a strategy for prevention of suicidal behavior has been elaborated, including: implemented control of psychoactive drugs use; organized collaboration with mass media; educational seminars for general practitioners and social workers.
P03-287 - Suicide: 5-Year Follow Up Among The Psychiatric Population Of An Italian Mental Health Service
Authors: Di Lorenzo R. , Fiorini F. , Mimmi S. , Simoni E. , Rigatelli M.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Suicide remains the most severe emergency in every psychiatric disorder.

Methods

After evaluating the frequency of suicide among patients followed from 1-1-2004 to 31-12-2005 by the Mental Health Service of Modena Centro, we statistically analyzed socio-demographic and clinical data of suicide patients (n=25).

Results

Among psychiatric population followed by our psychiatric service in the observation period, suicide occurred in the 0.15% of all patients (25/16392) and represented the third cause of death, after cardiovascular disorders and neoplasia. The median age of suicide patients was 42 years for male and 50 years for women, with a ratio male/female of 1.8:1. “Depressive Disorders” followed by “Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders” represented the prevalent psychiatric diagnosis with a statistically significant correlation to suicide death cause (p< 0.005; Chi square test). The suicide patients had being treated for more than one year by psychiatric service (685 days, median) and 10 % of them was hospitalized in a psychiatric ward during the observation period. Suicide occurred after 73 days (median) from last psychiatric discharge and 12 days (median) from last psychiatric consultation.

Conclusions

Our data confirmed the literature: suicide is more frequent in young male affected by Depressive Disorders or Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders1. We have to conclude pessimistically about our preventive capacity since suicide occurred in patients already hospitalized and treated for a long period and after a short period from the last psychiatric intervention.
P03-290 - Profile Of The Typical Suicide Attempter In The South Of Portugal
Authors: Estevens D. , Carvalho M. , Guete-Tur O.
Published: June 2010

Suicide rates in the southern region of Portugal are more prevalent compared to other regions.

We will present the results of an on-going research, being carried out with the main purpose of analysing different risk factors associated to suicidal attempts and to establish a profile of the typical attempter.

We are studying a clinical sample of 60 adults, both males and females, recurring to emergency room in a general hospital after a suicidal attempt.

A multimodal assessment matrix is being used to evaluate depression, suicidal ideation and intention, and individual, social, and environmental factors commonly related to the onset of major depression, namely hopelessness and pessimism, cognitive processing, interpersonal relations, and life events.

We expect to obtain a clinical and socio demographic profile of suicidal attempters useful to the design and the implementation of primary and secondary prevention programs.
P03-296 - Factors Associated With Psychiatric Visit After Emergency Care At The Emergency Room Following Suicide Attempt
Authors: Kweon Y. , Choi K.-H. , Lee H.-K. , Lee C.-T. , Lee K.-U.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Suicide is a serious phenomenon associated with psychiatric disorders.

Objectives

In the present study, we investigated factors that can predict follow-up at the psychiatric clinic after medical care at the emergency room (ER).

Methods

Medical records of the 145 patients treated at the ER following suicide attempt from Jan 1, 2009 to July 31, 2009 were reviewed. Age, sex, past psychiatric history, impulsiveness and medical severity of suicide attempt, risk-rescue rating scores, reasons for suicide attempt and methods of suicide were examined. Psychiatric diagnoses were made by psychiatrists at the initial interview with patients at ER.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 42.9 ± 15.7 years, and 68.3 % were women and 31.7% were men. Among the suicide methods, psychotropics were the most common (69%), and ingestion of pesticides was the second (19.3%). Interpersonal problems were the most common precipitating event (57.9%), and depression was the most common (89%). About a half had previous psychiatric disorders and about one third had previous suicide attempt. Fifteen patients (10.3%) attempted planned suicide and 124 patients (85.5%) attempted impulsively. Mean risk and rescue rating scores was 8.6 ±1.6 and 12.3 ± 2.2. About one third had a follow-up psychiatric visit. The most important predictor of psychiatric follow-up was risk rating scores.

Conclusions

This study suggests that women with interpersonal problems and depression should be carefully monitored to reduce suicide attempt. Patients commit less risky suicide attempts tend to more loss to psychiatric follow-up, thus, need more attention to prevent suicide re-attempts.
P03-297 - Differences And Similarities Of Number Of Life Events Among Patients Admitted After Attempted Suicide
Authors: Nrugham L. , Mehlum L.
Published: June 2010

Objective

To examine associations between current diagnostic profile, suicidal intent, functional impairment and history of deliberate self harm (DSH) and life events among patients admitted to a general hospital after an act of attempted suicide.

Materials and methods

Participants (n = 86) were patients consecutively admitted to a general hospital emergency care unit over the inclusion period of 26 months after an act of attempted suicide. They were interviewed within 2 days using the EPSIS protocol, the MINI and SCID-II interviews and a range of scales measuring life events (Brugha's scale), depression (MADRS), alcohol abuse (AUDIT), substance abuse (DAST), suicidal intent (SIS) and functioning levels (GAF). Simple regression analyses (linear and logistic) and t-tests were used in data analyses.

Results

Men [4.9(2.6)] reported significantly more life events than women [3.6(2.0)], t(47.7) = 2.2, p < .05. Functional impairment was inversely associated with the number of life events among men, explaining more than 25% of the variance, F = 10.2(1, 28), p < .01. Number of life events was not associated with any diagnostic group, mean scores of depression severity, alcohol abuse, substance abuse, suicidal intent or with a history of an act of DSH.

Conclusions

Not only did men report more life events, their functioning was also affected by number of life events, indicating vulnerability to psychosocial aspects beyond psychological or psychiatric aspects in men admitted to a general hospital after attempted suicide.
P03-299 - Pharmaco- And Psychoprevention Of Suicides In Elderly Patients With Depressions
Authors: Maruta N. , Yavdak I. , Cherednyakova O. , Shestakova M.
Published: June 2010

The aim of this study was to develop a system for diagnosis and prevention of suicides in elderly patients with depressions. 87 elderly patients with depressions (F 41.2) were examined. The clinico-psychopathological, pathopsychological and statistical methods were used.

It was found out that elderly patients with depressions had suicidal attempts in 53.1%, suicidal thoughts in 19.4%, suicidal intentions in 27.6%. In the structure of suicidal attempts true suicidal attempts (44.9%) predominated over demonstrative ones (8.2%), and non-complete suicidal attempts (50.0%) prevailed over compete ones (3.1%).

It was defined that in elderly patients with depressions and a suicidal behavior a manifested (29.1±4.6 points on Hamilton Scale) anxiety (agitated) (53.1%) and senesto-hypochondriacal (25.5%) depression prevailed. A suicidal behavior in these patients manifested on the background of introversion (78.6%), explosive (62.2%), psychasthenic (55.1%) personality peculiarities; a low neuropsychic stability (77.6%); a predomination of autoaggression (62.2%) and suspiciousness (43.9%) in the behavior.

Predictors of a suicidal behavior in elderly patients with depressions were autoaggression (38.1±3.5 points), impulsiveness (35.2±5.6 points), a narrowing of cognitive functions (28.9±5.7 points), impairments of interpersonal contacts (22.2±4.6 points).

The analysis of a clinico-psychopathological structure, mechanisms, regularities of formation and development of a suicidal behavior, its motivation, suicidal and antisuicidal factors in elderly patients with depressions allowed us to work out and implement a system for prevention of a suicidal behavior, which based on principles of systematic, differentiation of approaches, timing, complexity, and division on stages.
P03-300 - Correlates Of Non-Fatal Suicidal Behaviors In Patients Admitted To An Acute Psychiatric Unit: A Control-Case Study
Authors: Moretti F. , Biagini S. , Bonafede R. , Bernabei V. , De Ronchi D. , Atti A.R. , Bellini M.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

To investigate the prevalence of non-fatal suicide behaviors (NFSBs) among patients admitted to an acute psychiatric ward in Bologna, Northern Italy.

Methods

30 attempters (mean age 45.10±16.12 years) consecutively hospitalized (May-July 2009) were compared to 117 controls randomly selected among patients admitted in the same ward for other reasons than NFSBs. Socio-demographical and clinical information were collected through the retrospective consultation of case-histories. Attempters were clinically interviewed and the Suicide Intent Scale (SIS) was administered. Clinical diagnoses were achieved using the International Classification of Disease-10th Revision (ICD-10) criteria. Associations between non-fatal suicide behaviors and covariates were evaluated by logistic regression analyses, estimating Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).

Results

Cases were more often women (63.3%), Italians (83.3%), unemployed (63.3%) and had a lower education (70.8%) than controls. Among attempters, most frequent diagnoses were personality disorders (56.7%) and mood disorders (50%); the 56.7% of cases was affected by concomitant organic disease (OR compared to controls:2.58; 95%CI=1.13-5.85). Stressful life-events were three-fold more frequent in cases than in controls; incongruous drugs assumption was the most common suicidal behaviours. A previous NFSB was highly prevalent in cases (46.7% p< 0.001) with a significantly association (OR:9.01; 95%CI=3.42-23.71) independent from socio-demographic features and diagnoses. SIS mean score was 11.6 ± 7.3 (low intention=53.3%, moderate intention=40%, high intention=6.7%. Increasing intention was associated with a longer duration of hospitalisation (p=0.005).

Conclusions

NFSBs are associated with distinct socio-demographic and clinical profiles. Routine assessment of intentionality might help to identify subjects at higher risk of relapse.
P03-301 - Changes Of Patterns In Suicidal Behaviour In Hungary In The Last Decade -Results Of Pecs Center
Authors: Nagy A. , Futo K. , Voros V. , Osvath P. , Fekete S.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

A monitoring project within the framework of EU supported MONSUE multicentre study on suicidal behaviour has been performed in Pecs catchment area.

Aims

To register and statistically analyze all suicide attempts, thus to explore current trends and consequences.

Methods

Detailed and complete data registration (epidemiologic, socio-demographic, socio-economic, previous attempts, methods, psychiatric diagnoses) of all suicide attempts was carried out in the region for two years from 2007 to 2009. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 17.0 to compare our results both with those of the previous study in 1999 and with the national data.

Results

According to the Hungarian National Statistic Office 2500 suicides occurred in 2008, the population rate is 24.7/100000 inhabitants (40.1/100000 males, 10.7/100.000 females). The most common method for suicide was strangulation in both genders (male: 69.2%, female: 41%). The rate of self-poisoning was higher in females. Regarding suicide attempts we registered 993 cases during the two-year period (males: 41.7%, mean age 38.43 years; females: 58.3%, mean age 42.02 years), which corresponds to former rates. Female attempters were more likely repeaters (60% vs. 40%). The most often used method for suicide attempt was self-poisoning (females 81.9%, males 63.4%) and scarification (females 8.6%, males 21.1%).

Conclusions

These results suggest that the rates of completed suicides decreased significantly to three quarter compared to the rates in the ‘90s, but in contrary suicide attempts show an increasing tendency. The potential explanations are discussed, including restriction of lethal methods, health care changes and the role of prevention strategies.
P03-303 - Concurent Validation Of The Two Scales For Suicidal Assessment: Bss And S-Con
Authors: Pavlicic N.
Published: June 2010

The prevention of suicide is a top priority in mental health. This study explores the usefulness of BSS (Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale) and S-CON (Rorschach projective method, Exner, 1984) in the assessment of suicidal risk in psychiatric patients. Of the 67 assessed patients: 24 was depresses disorders, 22 had schizophrenia and 23 had personality disorders. Results show that total BSS score and total S-CON score are not in correlations. We found low and significant correlation between some items of two scales. We discussed about explanation of the low convergent validity within projective method and self report scales and questionnaires.
P03-305 - Beverage Specific Effect Of Alcohol On Suicide And Homicide Rates In Russia
Authors: Razvodovsky Y.
Published: June 2010

Background

High suicide and homicide rates in Russia and its profound fluctuation over the past decades have attracted considerable interest. There is growing evidence that binge drinking pattern increasing the propensity for the alcohol-related suicide and lethal violence. In line with this evidence we assume that higher level of vodka consumption in conjunction with binge drinking pattern results in close aggregate-level association between vodka sale and suicide/homicide in Russia.

Aims and method

To test this hypothesis trends in beverage-specific alcohol sale per capita and suicide/homicide rates from 1970 to 2005 in Russia were analyzed employing ARIMA time series analysis.

Results

The rate of suicide and homicide tend to be more responsive to changes in distilled spirits consumption per capita than to the total level of alcohol consumption. The results of time series analysis suggest that a 1 litre increase in vodka sale is expected to increase suicide rate by 9.3% for men and by 6% for women and homicide rate by 15.2% for men and by 13.4% for women.

Conclusions

Assuming that drinking spirits is usually associated with intoxication episodes, these findings provide additional evidence that drinking pattern is important determinant in the alcohol-suicide and alcohol-homicide relationship. The outcomes of this study also provide support for the hypothesis that suicide and alcohol are closely connected in culture were intoxication-oriented drinking pattern prevails and adds to the growing body of evidence that alcohol plaid a crucial role in the fluctuation in suicide mortality rate in Russia during the last decades.
P03-307 - The Evaluation Of Relation Between Schizophrenia And Suicide Risk In North West Of Iran
Authors: Rezaei Ghalechi E. , Sadeghi Movahhed F.
Published: June 2010

Objectivities

Suicide risk is greatly increased in schizophrenia. Our study aim was to investigate interactional factors related to the recognition of suicide risk in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

This case-control study focused on 66 schizophrenia patients who had committed suicide Study methods included in-depth interviews of next of kin and interviews of patients that had been saved from suicide and perfect information and statistics were extracted from patient's files and documents in fatemi hospital and analyzed by chi-square.

Results

Studies show the most prevalence of disease is in male, citizens, single persons, uncaptioned and the average age was in the mid-thirties. Most participants had an under high school diploma, (56/1%). Almost 60/6% of the sample had a history of a previous depression, undifferentiated type of schizophrenia, previous anti socials acts (56/1%) According to the findings most participants (81/8%) had no precedence of being imprisoned. we survey the declared assumptions of the research and study the presence of any relation or lack of it between variable factors

Conclusions

Our findings suggest Prevention of suicide in schizophrenia is likely to result from treatment of affective symptoms, improving adherence to treatment, and maintaining special vigilance in patients with risk factors,
P03-308 - Evaliuation Of Suicide Prevalence In Hospitalized Patients In An Iranian Hospital
Authors: Rezaei Ghalechi E. , Vahabzadeh Monshie J. , Kazemi R. , Sadeghi Movahhed F.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Suicide is a tragic occurrence that is the end choice for attempter suicide, with due attention to our personal society is going to modernization attempt to suicide is increasing, and then we want to study about agents and causes of this tragic event.

Materials & methods

The way of work and research was done in the case of descriptive studying. Information and statistics were extracted from files and documents in Fatemi Hospital and Analyzed and studied by Chi-square.

Results

The results of the research that from the patients, 18.42% attempted to suicide or self-mutilation. Studies show that more prevalence of attempt was in,male gender(58.6%) and young peoples (37.1%), citizen(55.7%), schizophrenic patients(31.4%) and single persons (49.3%) and individuals with middle level of education and economic situation(53.1%); and most of the patients were drug abusers (60%). the more stimulant that patients were described was grief and indignation and depression(88.6%). Spring the more season was attempted to suicide(37.1%).

Discussion

Our findings suggest Prevention of suicide in schizophrenia is likely to result from treatment of affective symptoms, improving adherence to treatment, and maintaining special vigilance in patients with risk factors, These findings reveal that despite recent increases to the study of suicide by social work researchers, they have contributed limited evidenced based knowledge in the last twenty-six years on the treatment or prevention of suicide or suicide-related behaviors. The article outlines the risk factors for suicide and discusses the implications for clinical social work practice and research.
P03-311 - From Clues To Profiles: An Epidemiological Survey On Cases Of Completed And Attempted Suicides In Italy (2001-2008)
Authors: Solano P. , Pizzorno E. , Gallina A. , Mattei C. , Giacomini G. , Gabrielli F.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Suicide is a complex phenomenon accounting for 1 million deaths per year. This study aims to assess the profiles of those individuals at a higher risk for suicide, which may be of help to clinicians while evaluating patients.

Methods

A sample of 30.000 suicides belonging to two age-bands, i.e. 18 to 24 and over-45s, was analysed and compared with respect to the gender, fatality of the act, season, the reason for it, the time and methods employed. Data were provided by ISTAT records and concern completed and attempted suicides in Italy from 2001-2008.

Results

Males are at a higher risk with a higher lethality of the acts in both age bands. The younger age band is at higher risk from March to June and in January especially in the evening, whereas the older age-band from March to June especially in the morning with a higher fatality rate. Unknown reasons are the most common cause for suicide followed by mental illnesses in both age-bands. Hanging is the most common method, followed by jumping from high places in both age-bands. Charcoal - intoxication is more common in the young age-band, whereas fire-arms and drowning in the over-45 age-band.

Conclusions

Although the two identified profiles are quite general, they can be an adequate basis for public health officials and mental health professionals to early identify those individuals at a higher risk for suicide. Further studies are needed for a better definition of the profiles.
P03-386 - A Study on Psycho-Social Factors Related to Iranian Children's Attempted Suicide
Authors: Segghatoleslam T.B. , Rezaee O. , Sajadfar F. , Sadr S.
Published: June 2010

Aim

This paper describes the findings from cases of Iranian children between the age of 6-15 who were attempted suicide.

Materials and Method

This retrospective study was carried out using data from 292 cases (239 girls and 53 boys) aged 6-15 who attempted suicide and were referred to the Loghman Hakim Medical Centre poison Centre in Tehran, Iran between 2005 and 2008. The Children Suicide Questionnaire was applied.

Findings

The study showed that the percentage of girls who attempted suicide was 81.8% against 12.2% for boys. Most of them attempted suicide between the age of12-14 years. Approximately half (43%) of the children came from a poor socio-economic background, and 95% of suicide attempts took place in the home, and 55.5% between 6.00pm and 12.00 pm. 41% of the respondents reported cases of mental illness in their family. The study also showed that41.6% of the children had attempted suicide before, and 36.6% of them attempted suicide after a family argument.. Depression (28%) and epilepsy(27%) were the most cited cases of personal problems. The means used were antiepileptic drugs (23%), benzodiazepine (23%), and antidepressants (20%).

Results

This study suggests the collaboration between paediatricians, psychiatrists and psychologists are necessary.
P03-388- European Aliiance Against Depression
Authors: Prueter K. , Hegerl U. , Postuvan V.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

To implement regional community-based four-level programmes with the aim of improving the care of depressed patients and to reduce suicidality in different European countries.

Methods

The interventions took place on four different levels complementary to each other: (1) educating general practitioners in recognizing and treating depression, (2) raising public awareness for depression (3) training community facilitators (such as priests, social workers, or teachers) about depression, and (4) offering support to high risk groups. In two project phases 17 EAAD partners a) established first a local Alliance Against Depression with the described 4-level approach and then b) started to extend the activities to other regions in the respective countries.

Results

The EAAD strategy and actions largely base on the results and experiences from the “Nuremberg Alliance Against Depression” that showed a significant reduction (−24%) of suicidal acts. Evaluation within EAAD showed that EAAD material can be readily adapted to different cultures. The strong bottom-up approach helps community members to identify with the local alliance against depression and this boosts motivation and civil commitment as well as self-help. EAAD intervention is also well accepted by the partners as well as the public which can be shown in positive echoes from the media and in ongoing requests for being supported by EAAD in implementing their own local alliance against depression.

Conclusion

EAAD's 4-level approach reduces suicidal acts and can be implemented across a range of different countries (with different health care systems) with and within different local contexts.