bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Between Victimization and Agency: Gendered Victim–Perpetrator Dichotomies
Authors: Weber Sanne
Published: January 2024

This chapter engages with the politics of victimhood, providing a gendered analysis. It describes the rigid binaries between victims and perpetrators in transitional justice, and how this actually plays out in communities that were affected by conflict. The chapter uncovers how victim hierarchies are performed in different ways and with diverse goals by both victims and perpetrators. The emphasis on sexual violence during the conflict in Colombia risks excluding other gendered narratives of conflict, especially those of agency. The recognition of these experiences of agency could in fact be an important tool for transforming gender inequality through building active citizenship. Drawing on insights from social identity theory, the chapter suggests how citizenship as an overarching identity could replace victim and perpetrator identities which hamper genuine transformation and reconciliation.
Gendering Reconciliation? The ‘Differential Perspective’ of Reparation and Reintegration
Authors: Weber Sanne
Published: January 2024

This chapter deconstructs the ways in which gender is conceptualized in reparation and reintegration processes in Colombia, and understandings of gender as women risk neglecting structural gendered inequalities in the public and especially the private sphere. It shows the effects of the strategy commonly used by both state institutions and accompanying civil society and international organizations, of offering ‘women’s projects’ to compensate for otherwise gender-neutral programming. These projects do not necessarily respond to the needs of women, nor do they promote the redistribution of resources or gender roles. Instead, their lack of success and sustainability tend to create exhaustion and frustration. The chapter thus shows how well-intended efforts at gender trainings and ‘women’s projects’ can actually have counterproductive effects, by weakening women’s organizational efforts and hampering their agency. This eventually weakens practices of active citizenship, and fails to train women with political skills to demand their rights based on their own needs.
It
Authors: Smith Gordon Mitchell
Published: January 2024

Abstract: The Winter 2023-24 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares "the Triton among minnows." The Winter 2023-24 Issue, edited by Ladette Randolph, features poetry and prose by Richard Bausch, Jesse Lee Kercheval, Ian Stansel, Ariana Benson, Rebecca Morgan Frank, Marie Howe, and more.
Semantic representation learning for a mask-modulated lensless camera by contrastive cross-modal transferring
Authors: Chang Lee Ya-Ti , Tien Chung-Hao
Published: January 2024

Lensless computational imaging, a technique that combines optical-modulated
measurements with task-specific algorithms, has recently benefited
from the application of artificial neural networks. Conventionally,
lensless imaging techniques rely on prior knowledge to deal with the
ill-posed nature of unstructured measurements, which requires costly
supervised approaches. To address this issue, we present a
self-supervised learning method that learns semantic representations
for the modulated scenes from implicitly provided priors. A
contrastive loss function is designed for training the target
extractor (measurements) from a source extractor (structured natural
scenes) to transfer cross-modal priors in the latent space. The
effectiveness of the new extractor was validated by classifying the
mask-modulated scenes on unseen datasets and showed the comparable
accuracy to the source modality (contrastive language-image
pre-trained [CLIP] network). The proposed multimodal representation
learning method has the advantages of avoiding costly data annotation,
being more adaptive to unseen data, and usability in a variety of
downstream vision tasks with unconventional imaging settings.
High-speed, phase contrast retinal and blood flow imaging using an adaptive optics partially confocal multi-line ophthalmoscope
Authors: Lee Soohyun , Choi Stacey S. , Meleppat Ratheesh K. , Zawadzki Robert J. , Doble Nathan
Published: January 2024

High-speed, phase contrast retinal and blood flow imaging using an adaptive optics partially confocal multi-line ophthalmosocope (AO-pcMLO) is described. It allows for simultaneous confocal and phase contrast imaging with various directional multi-line illumination by using a single 2D camera and a digital micromirror device (DMD). Both vertical and horizontal line illumination directions were tested, for photoreceptor and vascular imaging. The phase contrast imaging provided improved visualization of retinal structures such as cone inner segments, vessel walls and red blood cells with images being acquired at frame rates up to 500 Hz. Blood flow velocities of small vessels (<40 µm in diameter) were measured using kymographs for capillaries and cross-correlation between subsequent images for arterioles or venules. Cardiac-related pulsatile patterns were observed with normal resting heart-beat rate, and instantaneous blood flow velocities from 0.7 to 20 mm/s were measured.
Siamese deep learning video flow cytometry for automatic and label-free clinical cervical cancer cell analysis
Authors: Liu Chao , Yuan Zeng , Liu Qiao , Song Kun , Kong Beihua , Su Xuantao
Published: January 2024

Automatic and label-free screening methods may help to reduce cervical cancer mortality rates, especially in developing regions. The latest advances of deep learning in the biomedical optics field provide a more automatic approach to solving clinical dilemmas. However, existing deep learning methods face challenges, such as the requirement of manually annotated training sets for clinical sample analysis. Here, we develop Siamese deep learning video flow cytometry for the analysis of clinical cervical cancer cell samples in a smear-free manner. High-content light scattering images of label-free single cells are obtained via the video flow cytometer. Siamese deep learning, a self-supervised method, is built to introduce cell lineage cells into an analysis of clinical cells, which utilizes generated similarity metrics as label annotations for clinical cells. Compared with other deep learning methods, Siamese deep learning achieves a higher accuracy of up to 87.11%, with about 5.62% improvement for label-free clinical cervical cancer cell classification. The Siamese deep learning video flow cytometry demonstrated here is promising for automatic, label-free analysis of many types of cells from clinical samples without cell smears.
Study on the aging status of insulators based on hyperspectral imaging technology
Authors: Fan Yihan , Guo Yujun , Liu Yang , Xiao Song , Gao Guoqiang , Zhang Xueqin , Wu Guangning
Published: January 2024

The acidic environment is one of the main factors leading to the aging of silicone rubber (SiR) insulators. Aging can reduce the surface hydrophobicity and pollution flashover resistance of insulators, threatening the safe and stable operation of the power grid. Therefore, evaluating the aging state of insulators is essential to prevent flashover accidents on the transmission line. This paper is based on an optical hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology for pixel-level assessment of insulator aging status. Firstly, the SiR samples were artificially aged in three typical acidic solutions with different concentrations of HNO3, H2SO4, and HCl, and six aging grades of SiR samples were prepared. The HSI of SiR at each aging grade was extracted using a hyperspectral imager. To reduce the calculation complexity and eliminate the interference of useless information in the band, this paper proposes a joint random forest- principal component analysis (RF-PCA) dimensionality reduction method to reduce the original 256-dimensional hyperspectral data to 7 dimensions. Finally, to capture local features in hyperspectral images more effectively and retain the most significant information of the spectral lines, a convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to build a classification model for pixel-level assessment of the SiR's aging state of and visual prediction of insulators’ defects. The research method in this paper provides an important guarantee for the timely detection of safety hazards in the power grid.
Covid19Vaxplorer: A free, online, user-friendly COVID-19 vaccine allocation comparison tool
Authors: Trejo Imelda , Hung Pei-Yao , Matrajt Laura
Published: January 2024

There are many COVID-19 vaccines currently available, however, Low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) still have large proportions of their populations unvaccinated. Decision-makers must decide how to effectively allocate available vaccines (e.g. boosters or primary series vaccination, which age groups to target) but LMIC often lack the resources to undergo quantitative analyses of vaccine allocation, resulting in ad-hoc policies. We developed Covid19Vaxplorer (https://covid19vaxplorer.fredhutch.org/), a free, user-friendly online tool that simulates region-specific COVID-19 epidemics in conjunction with vaccination with the purpose of providing public health officials worldwide with a tool for vaccine allocation planning and comparison. We developed an age-structured mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and COVID-19 vaccination. The model considers vaccination with up to three different vaccine products, primary series and boosters. We simulated partial immunity derived from waning of natural infection and vaccination. The model is embedded in an online tool, Covid19Vaxplorer that was optimized for its ease of use. By prompting users to fill information through several windows to input local parameters (e.g. cumulative and current prevalence), epidemiological parameters (e.g basic reproduction number, current social distancing interventions), vaccine parameters (e.g. vaccine efficacy, duration of immunity) and vaccine allocation (both by age groups and by vaccination status). Covid19Vaxplorer connects the user to the mathematical model and simulates, in real time, region-specific epidemics. The tool then produces key outcomes including expected numbers of deaths, hospitalizations and cases, with the possibility of simulating several scenarios of vaccine allocation at once for a side-by-side comparison. We provide two usage examples of Covid19Vaxplorer for vaccine allocation in Haiti and Afghanistan, which had as of Spring 2023, 2% and 33% of their populations vaccinated, and show that for these particular examples, using available vaccine as primary series vaccinations prevents more deaths than using them as boosters.
Encapsulated Streptococcus suis impairs optimal neutrophil functions which are not rescued by priming with colony-stimulating factors
Authors: Bleuzé Marêva , Lavoie Jean-Pierre , Bédard Christian , Gottschalk Marcelo , Segura Mariela
Published: January 2024

The porcine pathogen and zoonotic agent Streptococcus suis induces an exacerbated inflammation in the infected hosts that leads to sepsis, meningitis, and sudden death. Several virulence factors were described for S. suis of which the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) conceals it from the immune system, and the suilysin exhibits cytotoxic activity. Although neutrophils are recruited rapidly upon S. suis infection, their microbicidal functions appear to be poorly activated against the bacteria. However, during disease, the inflammatory environment could promote neutrophil activation as mediators such as the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor granulocyte (G-CSF) and the granulocyte-macrophages colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) prime neutrophils and enhance their responsiveness to bacterial detection. Thus, we hypothesized that CPS and suilysin prevent an efficient activation of neutrophils by S. suis, but that G-CSF and GM-CSF rescue neutrophil activation, leading to S. suis elimination. We evaluated the functions of porcine neutrophils in vitro in response to S. suis and investigated the role of the CPS and suilysin on cell activation using isogenic mutants of the bacteria. We also studied the influence of G-CSF and GM-CSF on neutrophil response to S. suis by priming the cells with recombinant proteins. Our study confirmed that CPS prevents S. suis-induced activation of most neutrophil functions but participates in the release of neutrophil-extracellular traps (NETs). Priming with G-CSF did not influence cell activation, but GM-CSF strongly promote IL-8 release, indicating its involvement in immunomodulation. However, priming did not enhance microbicidal functions. Studying the interaction between S. suis and neutrophils–first responders in host defense–remains fundamental to understand the immunopathogenesis of the infection and to develop therapeutical strategies related to neutrophils’ defense against this bacterium.
Assessing anaerobic speed reserve: A systematic review on the validity and reliability of methods to determine maximal aerobic speed and maximal sprinting speed in running-based sports
Authors: Thron Maximiliane , Düking Peter , Ruf Ludwig , Härtel Sascha , Woll Alexander , Altmann Stefan
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Locomotor profiling using anaerobic speed reserve (ASR) enables insights into athletes’ physiological and neuromuscular contributing factors and prescription of high-intensity training beyond maximal aerobic speed (MAS). This systematic review aimed to determine the validity and reliability of different methods to assess the characteristics of ASR, i.e., MAS and maximal sprinting speed (MSS).

Methods

A comprehensive search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they reported data on validity and/or reliability for methods to assess MAS or MSS.

Results

58 studies were included with 28 studies referring to MAS and 30 studies to MSS. Regarding MAS, different methods for cardiopulmonary exercise testing yielded different values (four out of seven studies) of MAS (Cohen’s d (ES) = 0.83–2.8; Pearson’s r/intraclass correlation coefficient (r/ICC) = 0.46–0.85). Criterion validity of different field tests showed heterogeneous results (ES = 0–3.57; r/ICC = 0.40–0.96). Intraday and interday reliability was mostly acceptable for the investigated methods (ICC/r>0.76; CV<16.9%). Regarding MSS, radar and laser measurements (one out of one studies), timing gates (two out of two studies), and video analysis showed mostly good criterion validity (two out of two studies) (ES = 0.02–0.53; r/ICC = 0.93–0.98) and reliability (r/ICC>0.83; CV<2.43%). Criterion validity (ES = 0.02–7.11) and reliability (r/ICC = 0.14–0.97; CV = 0.7–9.77%) for global or local positioning systems (seven out of nine studies) and treadmill sprinting (one out of one studies) was not acceptable in most studies.

Conclusion

The criterion validity of incremental field tests or shuttle runs to examine MAS cannot be confirmed. Results on time trials indicate that distances adapted to the participants’ sporting background, fitness, or sex might be suitable to estimate MAS. Regarding MSS, only sprints with radar or laser measures, timing gates, or video analysis provide valid and reliable results for linear sprints of 20 to 70 m.
The index system for the implementation effect evaluation of water-saving renovation of key medium-sized irrigation districts: A case study
Authors: Jiang Mingliang , Zhang Chengcai
Published: January 2024

Irrigation district plays an important role in China’s agricultural production. In recent years, China conducted many water-saving renovation construction projects of irrigation districts. However, the current implementation effect of irrigation district water-saving renovation has not been well-characterized. Comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the implementation effect of water-saving renovation in irrigation districts can provide scientific basis for further construction and management of irrigation districts. This study screened preliminary index system in four dimensions: preliminary work, completion of construction tasks, completion of planned investment, management and reform. Based on the statistical results of the questionnaire surveys and subsequently analyzed, fourteen key evaluation indicators were finally identified. Percentile system and expert evaluation method were then used to determine the assigned score of every indicator. Based on the evaluation criteria, the evaluation method of the implementation effect was formulated. Ten key medium-sized irrigation districts in southeastern China were taken as a research example in this study, with the implementation effect of water-saving renovation of 10 irrigation districts being comprehensively evaluated. The results show that these irrigation districts have a relatively high implementation effect of water-saving renovation. The data results from the scores of four dimensions and fourteen indicators show that the index system is reasonable and practicable, and the evaluation results are basically in line with actual situation. These findings have a good practical reference value for making decisions about how to instruct the modernization development of water-saving renovation of irrigation districts in China.
Beneficios y limitaciones de la planificación centrada en la persona en el campo de la discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo: una revisión sistemática según las directrices de PRISMA
Authors: Salas Ruiz Sandra , Domene Martos Soledad
Published: January 2024

La metodología de Planificación Centrada en la Persona (PCP) cada vez tiene mayor impacto en España. Comenzando desde las distintas legislaciones que regulan la atención a este colectivo en las diferentes autonomías y terminando en los centros que proveen este servicio. No obstante, existe escasa literatura internacional de estudios empíricos a grandes escalas que sitúen este enfoque metodológico en una posición relevante que garantice la eficacia de la PCP. El objetivo principal de este estudio es conocer el estado del uso de la metodología de PCP a través de estudios avalados empíricamente que sostengan tanto beneficios como limitaciones durante los últimos 10 años (2012-2022). Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión sistemática desde las directrices de PRISMA (2020), que incluye un total de 31 artículos. Como conclusión, se han descubierto más beneficios que limitaciones entre las que destacan las ventajas en su uso para las personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo y las mejoras de aspectos relacionados con la autodeterminación. No obstante, las limitaciones prevalecen por la falta de apoyos y recursos adecuados de las organizaciones para responder a una planificación centrada en la persona y la necesidad de formación de las personas implicadas en la elaboración de la PCP, lo que genera la incógnita de si se están realizando buenas prácticas en el uso de dicha metodología.
Recent Immigrants With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Have Significant Healthcare Utilization From Preconception to Postpartum: A Population Cohort Study
Authors: Tandon Parul , Huang Vivian , Feig Denice S. , Saskin Refik , Maxwell Cynthia , Gao Yiding , Fell Deshayne B. , Seow Cynthia H. , Snelgrove John W. , Nguyen Geoffrey C.
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Immigrants with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may have increased healthcare utilization during pregnancy compared with non-immigrants, although this remains to be confirmed. We aimed to characterize this between these groups.

METHODS:

We accessed administrative databases to identify women (aged 18–55 years) with IBD with a singleton pregnancy between 2003 and 2018. Immigration status was defined as recent (<5 years of the date of conception), remote (≥5 years since the date of conception), and none. Differences in ambulatory, emergency department, hospitalization, endoscopic, and prenatal visits during 12 months preconception, pregnancy, and 12 months postpartum were characterized. Region of immigration origin was ascertained. Multivariable negative binomial regression was performed for adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS:

A total of 8,880 pregnancies were included, 8,304 in non-immigrants, 96 in recent immigrants, 480 in remote immigrants. Compared with non-immigrants, recent immigrants had the highest rates of IBD-specific ambulatory visits during preconception (aIRR 3.06, 95% CI 1.93–4.85), pregnancy (aIRR 2.15, 95% CI 1.35–3.42), and postpartum (aIRR 2.21, 1.37–3.57) and the highest rates of endoscopy visits during preconception (aIRR 2.69, 95% CI 1.64–4.41) and postpartum (aIRR 2.01, 95% CI 1.09–3.70). There were no differences in emergency department and hospitalization visits between groups, although those arriving from the Americas were the most likely to be hospitalized for any reason. All immigrants with IBD were less likely to have a first trimester prenatal visit.

DISCUSSION:

Recent immigrants were more likely to have IBD-specific ambulatory care but less likely to receive adequate prenatal care during pregnancy.
Mechanical properties of sandwich products obtained by 3D printing from PLA-PLA/Al2O3
Authors: Subramaniyan Madheswaran , Karuppan Sivakumar
Published: January 2024

The mechanical properties of samples made by 3D printing from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and PLA filled with 20, 40, 60 and 80 wt% PLA/Al2O3 (85/15) was evaluated. Addition of PLA/Al2O3 improved mechanical properties of PLA. Tensile strength increased by approx. 19%, tensile modulus by 27%, compression modulus by approx. 42%, flexural modulus by 70%, impact strength by 20% and hardness by approx. 14% compared with pure PLA.
Making Music
Authors: Allsbrook Jr. William C.
Published: January 2024

The banjo has been emblematic of the Southern Appalachian Mountains since the late twentieth century. Making Music: The Banjo in a Southern Appalachian County takes a close look at the instrument and banjo players in Haywood County, North Carolina. Author William C. Allsbrook Jr., MD, presents the oral histories of thirty-two banjo players, all but two of whom were born in Haywood County. These talented musicians recount, in their own words, their earliest memories of music, and of the banjo, as well as the appeal of the banjo. They also discuss learning to play the instrument, including what it “feels like” playing the banjo, many describing occasional “flow states.”
In the book, Allsbrook explores an in-home musical folkway that developed along the colonial frontier. By the mid-1800s, frontier expansion had ceased in Haywood County due to geographic barriers, but the in-home musical tradition, including the banjo, survived in largely isolated areas. Vestiges of that tradition remain to this day, although the region has undergone significant changes over the lifetimes of the musicians interviewed. As a result, the survival of the in-home tradition is not guaranteed. Readers are invited into the private lives of the banjo players and asked to consider the future of the banjo in the face of contemporary trends. The future will be shaped by how this remarkable mountain culture continues to adapt to these challenges. Still, this thriving community of banjo players represents the vibrant legacy of the banjo in Haywood County and the persistence of tradition in the twenty-first century.
Jack Kent
Authors: Allen Paul V.
Published: January 2024

This biography of author Jack Kent (1920-1985) explores his journey through distinct and successful careers: newspaper cartoonist and author of children’s books. The first part of the book details Jack’s tumultuous childhood, unfinished education, and two tours of duty in World War II, as well as his years creating the nationally syndicated comic strip King Aroo (1950 – 1965), beloved by fans for its combination of absurdity, fantasy, wordplay, and wit. The second half of the book follows Jack’s unlikely second act as a children’s picture book author, starting with the 1968 publication of Just Only John, and winding through a career that would result in over 60 published works, among them such classics as The Fat Cat and There’s No Such Thing as a Dragon. This part of the book illuminates how Jack’s stories for children were funny, but often arose from his fears and insecurities, tackling themes such as rejection, isolation, self-doubt, and the desire for transformation.
Cine, turismo y territorio: Aportes iberoamericanos
Authors: Batista da Costa Everaldo , Alvarado Sizzo Ilia
Published: January 2024

Esta obra es el primer esfuerzo formal y colectivo que discute la relación cine-turismo desde una perspectiva territorial. Cuenta con la participación de investigadores consolidados de España, Brasil, México, Cuba y Colombia. Aporta una mirada interdisciplinaria desde la geografía, el urbanismo y el turismo. Incluye siete capítulos que revisan, en primer lugar, el abordaje iberoamericano sobre el tema; un acercamiento histórico-geográfico de la relación entre el cine, el turismo y el territorio mexicano en los siglos XX y XXI; una reflexión sobre el cine de viajes, los paisajes y el consumo turístico en la posmodernidad; un estudio de caso centrado en los efectos del cine en la dinámica turística en el caso de Tequila (Jalisco); un análisis del narco-turismo en Colombia como un resultado de las series y películas sobre narcotráfico y el caso de una calle en Camagüey (Cuba) que recupera y valora el papel del cine para activar la dinámica turística local. Por su parte, la introducción revisa la relación entre el cine y la geografía, discute la conceptualización del turismo cinematográfico o fílmico y plantea brevemente el desarrollo de los estudios sobre el tema en Iberoamérica, marco en el que se sitúa esta obra. Cine, turismo y territorio conjunta tres dimensiones estrechamente relacionadas pero poco discutidas en conjunto: el territorio, el cine y el turismo, y reune trabajos de investigación que fortalecen el conocimiento sobre esas temáticas abordadas desde Iberoamérica.
Perspectivas para a Educação Escolar Indígena
Authors: Freirtas Reis Marcos Vinicius de
Published: January 2024

Avanços e consensos em relação à educação escolar indígena foram ao longo dos tempos sendo consolidados tanto no plano administrativo quanto no plano legal. Desde os anos de 1970, a educação escolar indígena diferenciada passa por experiências. De maneira legal, essas experiências ganham apoio jurídico do Estado, com a Constituição Cidadã de 1988 e, por conseguinte de outras legislações pertinentes. A educação indígena diferenciada, multicultural e bilíngue é reconhecidamente um grande avanço para a promoção da cidadania entre estes povos. No entanto, observa-se que alguns pontos ainda precisam ser revistos, sobretudo, na maneira desigual como essas políticas públicas de educação indígena são implementadas. Dessa maneira, a partir da experiência de campo entre os Wajãpis da aldeia Aramirã no município de Pedra Branca do Amaparí, estado do Amapá, propomo-nos a discutir aspectos que envolvem a educação escolar indígena, como ela ocorre, sobre a inserção dos indígenas na escola e se os dispositivos legais concernentes a essa educação são respeitados.
Os indígenas no Ensino de História: Análise dos trabalhos publicados na Revista do IHGB (1839-1875)
Authors: Dias Aline
Published: January 2024

O presente artigo tem como proposta compreender como que os trabalhos publicados pela Revista do IHGB durante o século XIX, referentes as populações indígenas, contribui para a construção do pensamento histórico, tendo como eixo principal os conceitos de natureza histórica, como Educação Histórica e suas reflexões acerca da Literacia Histórica. Ambos os conceitos permeiam nas teorias de Jorn Rusen sobre a construção da consciência histórica no ambiente escolar. Sendo assim, a utilização dos trabalhos publicados pela Revista do IHGB, no ambiente escolar auxilia na compreensão da mentalidade do século XIX, tendo em vista a construção da nova nação, o indígena como símbolo nacional e a elaboração de políticas indigenistas visando a homogeneização dos povos originários na sociedade brasileira.
relações entre a Cultura Indígena e o Ensino de História em uma escola não-indígena em Uberlândia - MG:
Authors: Xavier Biggi João Victor , Souza da Silva Mislele
Published: January 2024

O presente trabalho tem como proposta central apresentar um relato de experiência acerca do processo de planejamento e de realização de um projeto socioeducacional interdisciplinar sobre a Cultura e a História dos Povos Indígenas para os alunos do Ensino Médio, aplicado em uma escola estadual no município de Uberlândia – MG em 2023. Neste sentido, através da interculturalidade, tentamos inserir, articular e correlatar múltiplas vivências, concepções, costumes e saberes entre as tradições indígenas e a comunidade escolar não-indígena em questão, abordando ainda tópicos como a realidade escolar e as dificuldades em relação ao ensino de História e os aparatos educacionais que retratam, em sua grande maioria, uma visão eurocêntrica e racista da temática indígena.
Do IHGB à BNCC
Authors: OLIVEIRA DINIZ MICHAEL KENNEDY , Emanuelle Nascimento Patrícia
Published: January 2024

Esse artigo, por meio de um panorama histórico das diretrizes e Constituições, engendradas a partir da Proclamação da República, o conceito de cidadania e suas transformações nos próximos períodos institucionais, pretende compreender as tensões e conflitos sociais conforme as imposições Estatutárias e Institucionais do Estado aos povos Indígenas.  Perpassando pela acessibilidade, direito, currículos das escolas e Ensino de História, bem como às representatividades nas narrativas dos livros didáticos e movimentos acadêmicos, busco compreender as imposições colonialistas na construção da nação brasileira, os silenciamentos no que concerne, o protagonismo indígena em nossa cultura e constituição nacional. Nesse sentido, leva-se em consideração as formas de dominância do Estado e o Regime Tutelar, presente na tratativa desses povos, os conflitos agrários e interesses econômicos que envolvem essa relação.
Active civic education using project-based learning and attitudes towards civic engagement
Authors: Akirav Osnat
Published: January 2024

The paper investigates the effect of active civic education using project-based learning (PBL) on attitudes towards civic engagement in a heterogeneous society. The study used a qualitative research approach involving a content analysis of responses to open-ended questionnaires, students' reports and weekly discussions with the students. The study examines whether the PBL teaching approach, which was developed in medical schools, can be an effective tool for use in civic studies to promote civic engagement of college students in a multi-ethnic society. Active civic education matters; it prompted non-Jewish minority students in Israeli society to consider future civic engagement, and improved their understanding of the concepts of accountability, transparency, civil and human rights, and the ability of individuals in a democracy to obtain answers from their government. It also underscored their ability and obligation to contribute to their communities.
Supporting Agency over Framing Authentic Design Problems
Authors: Svihla Vanessa , Gomez Jamie R , Crudo Martin A.
Published: January 2024

While project-based learning purportedly values student agency, supporting and managing this remains challenging. We conducted a design-based research study to understand how problem authenticity, and task and participant structures can contribute to students’ framing agency, in which students make decisions that are consequential to their learning through ill-structured problem framing. We compared three semesters of an undergraduate engineering design project (cohort 1 n=70; cohort 2 n=70; cohort 3 n=66). Discourse analysis of team talk highlights how task and participant structures supported students in the first and third cohorts to display framing agency. In contrast, cohort 2 displayed high agency over task completion, which they had framed as well-structured. We discuss implications for designing ill-structured learning in terms of participant and task structure and problem authenticity.
Navigating the paradox of social development: intersections of technology, exploitation, and sustainable welfare
Authors: Baranowski Mariusz
Published: January 2024

This paper explores the multifaceted concept of social development within economically advanced countries, delving into the implicit assumption of technological advancement as a cornerstone for well-functioning economies. While digital technologies shape broad socio-economic processes, a counterfactual perspective emerges when examining social development through the lens of (nature-based) social welfare. The analysis encompasses the coexistence of advanced technologies with disparities in living standards, resource appropriation mechanisms impacting both populations and environments, and the underexplored negative consequences of techno-economic development. The article addresses the visible and invisible impacts of information technologies, emphasising issues of labour exploitation, resource extraction practices, and the environmental costs of digital production. Critically assessing optimistic scenarios, the paper suggests the need to broaden discussions beyond the positive aspects of technology, considering the challenges for sustainable welfare posed by exploitative labour, resource extraction, and inequitable benefits. The study advocates for an inclusive approach to (nature-based) social welfare, encompassing marginalised issues and proposing concepts such as degrowth as potential solutions to the rapid development of information technologies and their societal implications.
‘Everybody has to be accountable’: calling out and dragging practice among university youths in Nigeria
Authors: Oni Sharon Damilola , Ojedokun Usman Adekunle , Aderinto Adeyinka Abideen
Published: January 2024

Calling out and dragging practice has emerged as one of the dominant popular cultures among Nigerian youths owing to the ubiquity of social media platforms. However, despite the growing acceptability of calling out and dragging among the youths, empirical research focusing on this online practice are generally rare. Therefore, this study investigated University of Ibadan undergraduates’ conceptions and dispositions towards calling out and dragging on Twitter. The theory of reasoned action was employed as the conceptual framework, while data were primarily sourced from 318 undergraduates who were selected through the multistage sampling technique. Survey questionnaires and in-depth interview methods were strategically combined for the purpose of data elicitation. Results showed that the majority of the respondents (64%) conceived calling out and dragging as the tagging of the depraved members of society. Although the most significant single share (55.5%) identified celebrities as the category of people frequently called out and dragged on Twitter, most of them (55.9%) mentioned religious issues as the trending topic they usually consciously avoided. Calling out and dragging is an online practice that needs to be moderated because of its potential multiple social ramifications.
Inter-Clan Conflicts and the Long Journey to State-Building in Somalia – Internal and International Effects
Authors: Gemechu Degefe Kebede
Published: January 2024

The main purpose of the article is to investigate and analyze the inter-clan conflict and its consequences as well as the role of subregional and international organizations such as African Unions in conflict resolution and peace-building efforts in Somalia. Compared to various regions in Africa, the Horn of Africa was the region that was the most affected by internal and external conflicts. In this region, Somalia faced not only Clan problems but also suffered from rule dictatorial rules. The research hypothesis states that, traditional social structures, comprising of the clan and sub-clan identity are the main factors of disagreement and the international community peace initiatives couldn’t bring lasting peace in Somalia. Investigation questions include: What are the root causes of Somali conflict? What are the effects of the role of regional and international organizations in Somali conflict resolution? Despite being the most homogeneous nations in Africa, why did Somalis have one of the longest civil wars in the Horn of Africa? The tension in Somalia which began after the downfall of the central government in Somalia in 1991 convoluted the well-being of the citizens in the region. Among the states of the Horn of Africa, Somalia turned out to be one the most affected regarding instability and humanitarian and political turmoil. This article tries to explore the main problems Somalia faced after the end of the Cold War, the consequences of the conflict and other issues related to social and political problems taken place in Somalia. The research mainly depends on the qualitative method of data collection analysis.
The Problem of Migration from Sub-Saharan Africa to Algeria in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Voytyuk Oksana
Published: January 2024

In the twenty-first century, there was a sharp increase in migration from sub-Saharan Africa to Algeria, and the Sahel zone became a hot stop for illegal human smuggling. Some immigrants go to the north of the country to continue their journey to Europe; others remain in Algeria, treating it as a destination country and do not continue their journey. Algeria has been repeatedly accused of using illegal practices against migrants, such as deportations, pushbacks, and detentions. The aim of the article is to try to assess the scale of the problem of illegal immigration in Algeria based on available statistical data and their periodisation. The main routes taken by migrants will be described, as well as the basic principles of migration policy in Algeria. The following hypotheses were put forward: 1) Algeria is mainly a transit country for migrants from sub-Saharan Africa; 2) The main irregular migration routes lead from the Sahel zone; 3) There is unequal treatment of people in terms of violations of Algerian law (division into Algerians and others). For the purposes of the article, the following research methods were used – analysis and synthesis, comparative method, statistical method, and systemic approach.
Christian Democrats in Germany on Ensuring Environmental Security Through International Cooperation
Authors: Bielawska Agnieszka
Published: January 2024

The aim of the article is to present the position of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU) and the Christian Social Union (CSU) on ensuring environmental security through international cooperation within the European Union and the United Nations. The election platforms published by the German Christian Democratic parties from 1990 to 2021 for the elections to the Bundestag and the European Parliament are analyzed.
Iran’s Anti-Western Rhetoric as a Sign of Potential Threat to the International Community
Authors: Dančo Ján
Published: January 2024

The aim of this paper is to shed light on some of the views of Iran’s supreme political and spiritual leader on Western countries. The paper is based on information obtained through quantitative content analysis of texts and the method of semi-structured interviews with leading Czech and Slovak experts in the field of the Middle East. A number of research questions can also be defined: What are the Iranian regime’s main accusations against Western countries? To what extent should these statements be taken seriously? Does Iran pose a potential threat to the international community on the basis of this hostile rhetoric? As the analysis shows, although some of these statements are based on a realistic basis, the rest constitute a well thought-out propaganda concept with which the local regime is trying to cover its own shortcomings or to win the favour of the local population.
Economic Security Threats. Determinants of State Functioning and Economic Policy
Authors: Jaźwiński Ireneusz
Published: January 2024

Threats to economic security affect national security. The aim of the article is to present the economic security threats taking into account selected determinants of state functioning and economic policy. In shaping economic security, it is important to properly consider threats to this security. Various research methods were used in the work, including the method of critical analysis of the literature as well as the method of analysis and synthesis. Considering the issues of economic security, it is also worth analyzing the threat to this security. In theory and practice, different aspects and types of threats to economic security can be taken into account. Many economic and social indicators should be used in the identification and assessment process of economic security threats. Poland’s security is affected by various economic threats, including those related to the international situation.
The correlation of urea and creatinine concentrations in sweat and saliva with plasma during hemodialysis: an observational cohort study
Authors: Adelaars Sophie , Konings Constantijn J.A.M. , Cox Lieke , Boonen Eva , Mischi Massimo , Bouwman R. Arthur , van de Kerkhof Daan
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Urea and creatinine concentrations in plasma are used to guide hemodialysis (HD) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). To support individualized HD treatment in a home situation, there is a clinical need for a non-invasive and continuous alternative to plasma for biomarker monitoring during and between cycles of HD. In this observational study, we therefore established the correlation of urea and creatinine concentrations between sweat, saliva and plasma in a cohort of ESRD patients on HD.

Methods

Forty HD patients were recruited at the Dialysis Department of the Catharina Hospital Eindhoven. Sweat and salivary urea and creatinine concentrations were analyzed at the start and at the end of one HD cycle and compared to the corresponding plasma concentrations.

Results

A decrease of urea concentrations during HD was observed in sweat, from 27.86 mmol/L to 12.60 mmol/L, and saliva, from 24.70 mmol/L to 5.64 mmol/L. Urea concentrations in sweat and saliva strongly correlated with the concentrations in plasma (ρ 0.92 [p<0.001] and 0.94 [p<0.001], respectively). Creatinine concentrations also decreased in sweat from 43.39 μmol/L to 19.69 μmol/L, and saliva, from 59.00 μmol/L to 13.70 μmol/L. However, for creatinine, correlation coefficients were lower than for urea for both sweat and saliva compared to plasma (ρ: 0.58 [p<0.001] and 0.77 [p<0.001], respectively).

Conclusions

The results illustrate a proof of principle of urea measurements in sweat and saliva to monitor HD adequacy in a non-invasive and continuous manner. Biosensors enabling urea monitoring in sweat or saliva could fill in a clinical need to enable at-home HD for more patients and thereby decrease patient burden.
Data that Should Not Have Been Given: Noise and Immunity in James Newitt’s HAVEN
Authors: Willemars Ilios
Published: January 2024

This article performs a close reading of HAVEN, a 2023 digital video installation by James Newitt. It analyses the way in which the work discusses issues around privacy, surveillance, and the management of digital data. Newitt’s work tells the story of how an abandoned anti-aircraft defence tower off the Suffolk coast in the North Sea was turned first into a pirate radio station and then into a data haven; a collection of servers meant to avoid early Internet regulation. Investigating the many ways in which HAVEN can be understood as noisy, a concept borrowed from Michel Serres, this article proposes that Newitt’s work is at its most generative in its suggestion of a theory of (auto-)immunity that complicates contemporary discussions of privacy centred on visibility (Derrida, Foucault). Moving away from a model of surveillance, and drawing on the work of Philip E. Agre, this text seeks to understand the dynamics of power made visible in HAVEN with reference to the notion of capture. The article proposes that HAVEN’s poetics are of interest both aesthetically and in terms of content as they examine a contemporary territorial logic of the Internet and its connections to empire.
Gasotransmitters do not prevent changes in transepithelial ion transport induced by hypoxia followed by reoxygenation
Authors: Claßen Rebecca , Diener Martin , Pouokam Ervice
Published: January 2024

Objectives

How gaseous signalling molecules affect ion transport processes contributing to the physiological functions of the gastrointestinal tract under hypoxic conditions still needs to be clarified. The objective of the present study was to characterize the impact of gaseous signalling molecules on parameters of colonic ion transport during a hypoxia/reoxygenation cycle and the remaining secretory capacity of the epithelium after such a cycle.

Methods

Short-circuit current (Isc) and tissue conductance (Gt) recordings in Ussing chamber experiments were performed on rat colon samples using CORM-2 (putative CO donor; 35 and 350 µM), sodium nitroprusside (NO donor; 100 µM), NaHS (fast H2S donor; 10 – 1,000 µM), GYY 4137 (slow H2S donor; 50 µM) and Angeli’s salt (HNO donor; 100 µM) as donors for gasotransmitters. Inhibition of endogenous synthesis of H2S was operated by inhibitors of cystathionin-γ-lyase, i.e. dl-propargylglycine (1 mM) or β-cyano-l-alanine (5 mM), and the inhibitor of cystathionine-β-synthase, amino-oxyacetate (5 mM).

Results

The fast gasotransmitter donors NaHS, sodium nitroprusside and Angeli’s salt, administered 5 min before the onset of hypoxia, induced an increase in Isc. The response to the subsequently applied hypoxia was characterized by a decrease in Isc, which tended to be reduced only in the presence of the lowest concentration of NaHS (10 µM) tested. Reoxygenation resulted in a slow increase in Isc, which was unaffected by all donors or inhibitors tested. The stable acetylcholine derivative carbachol (50 µM) was administered at the end of each hypoxia/reoxygenation cycle to test the secretory capacity of the epithelium. Pretreatment of the tissue with the putative CO donor CORM-2 suppressed the secretory response induced by carbachol. The same was observed when cystathionin-γ-lyase and cystathionin-γ-synthase were inhibited simultaneously. Under both conditions, Gt drastically increased suggesting an impaired tissue integrity.

Conclusions

The present results demonstrate that none of the exogenous gasotransmitter releasing drugs significantly ameliorated the changes in epithelial ion transport during the hypoxia/reoxygenation cycle ex vivo. In contrast, the putative CO donor CORM-2 exerted a toxic effect on the epithelium. The endogenous production of H2S, however, seems to have a protective effect on the mucosal integrity and the epithelial transport functions, which – when inhibited – leads to a loss of the secretory ability of the mucosa. This observation together with the trend for improvement observed with a low concentration of the H2S donor NaHS suggests a moderate protective role of low concentrations of H2S under hypoxic conditions.