bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Two Step Multi-Carrier Proportional Fair Scheduling Scheme for Cloud Radio Access Networks
Authors: Shah Syed Danial Ali , Kim Daehyeong , Khan Pervez , Kim Hoon , Han Sangwook
Published: November 2017

Proportional fair scheduling (PFS) is a widely used scheduling algorithm in the wireless networks which utilizes the network resources efficiently while maintaining a balance with the fairness among the users. It is a channel aware scheduling algorithm that allocates resources to the users with the best channel conditions, it also takes into account the users with bad channel quality by considering the user's access history in the scheduling decision. In this paper, the authors propose a two-step multiple carrier proportional fair scheduling (MC-PF) algorithm for the cloud radio access networks (C-RAN). The main purpose of this algorithm is to maximize the sum of logarithm transmission rate. The scheduler assigns users to each carrier in order to maximize the logarithm transmission rate for overall links of C-RAN. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, the authors have shown the simulation results and compared it with the round robin (RR) scheduling scheme.
TEEM
Authors: Canonico Massimo , Montani Stefania , Gazzolo Diego , Strozzi Mariachiara , Striani Manuel
Published: November 2017

In this article, the authors describe a client-server architecture, designed for supporting data recording and transmission during emergency patient transportation by ambulance. The clients are a set of mobile apps, interfaced to the monitoring devices in the ambulance, that automatically send all the recorded data to a server at the destination center. One additional app enables the travelling personnel to input and transmit further significant patient data, or comments. At the destination center, the specialist physician logs onto the server, receives the data in real time, and is allowed to plot/analyze them, assessing the patient's situation, and possibly sending immediate feedback to the operators in the ambulance. The system is currently under evaluation at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Alessandria Children Hospital, Italy. The system, by allowing real time data communication, is able to provide clear advantages from the organizational and economical viewpoint.
Mobile Data Offloading Using Opportunistic Communication and AP Deployment
Authors: Dash Sanjit Kumar , Mishra Sasmita , Mishra Jibitesh
Published: November 2017

There is an exponential surge in the number of Wi-Fi enabled devices which has caused an unprecedented overload on cellular and Wi-Fi networks. The two emergent techniques that have made significant difference in the reduction of network traffic surge are opportunistic communication and effective access point deployment. Since these techniques take user mobility into account, the authors propose to implement them at places where mobility pattern of users can be predicted intuitively, such as a college campus. The aim is to find strategic points across a college campus for deployment of Wi-Fi routers and explore the possibility of opportunistic communication. Then, the focus is on finding the target set which ensures high rate of information dissemination using proposed random and greedy algorithms. The mobility traces are captured using an android app WeCamp, which subsequently helps to find the locations with maximum number of users and to redeploy access points in such places using proposed algorithms to ensure uniform network speeds and efficient Wi-Fi connectivity.
Using Marketing to Implement a Strategic Plan
Authors: Galli Brian J.
Published: November 2017

Close to 75% of marketing and promotional campaigns globally fail to meet their purpose. Marketing campaigns fail due to pitfalls, which sink promotional projects. Strategic planning is significant in overcoming these pitfalls hence increasing the chances of business being successful in their promotional campaigns. However, a lot of businesses are experiencing issues with integrating strategic planning into their daily operations and promotional campaigns. This article is intended at discussing the pitfalls, which may sink a promotional campaign and suggests how strategic planning can solve these issues. In addition, this article also discusses approaches which can be adopted by organizations to enable them to successfully integrate strategic planning into the marketing projects. In conclusion, it suggests some approaches that organizations may adopt to ensure that they are successful in their future projects.
 O estudo de anatomia no ensino de enfermagem: reflexões sobre princípios éticos / The anatomy study in nursing education: reflections on ethical principles
Authors: Borba Kátia Pereira
Published: November 2017

A anatomia é uma ciência fundamental na formação do enfermeiro, sendo o cadáver o material didático que facilita a obtenção desse conhecimento. O cadáver proporciona de forma dinâmica a visualização das estruturas do corpo, e o estudante tendo contato direto com as peças anatômicas pode fazer a comparação com o indivíduo vivo. No contato com o cadáver o estudante deve se vestir de humanidade, respeitando a memória daquele que já partiu, caso contrário, a honra de aprendizagem se torna um objeto de ação discriminatória, de cunho frio e técnico. Este artigo teve como objetivo refletir sobre os princípios éticos que envolvem o estudo de anatomia no ensino de enfermagem, tomando como base a narrativa de um fato real. Esta reflexão está apoiada na teoria do principialismo kantiano, pois princípios éticos devem ser relevantes junto ao estudo de anatomia no ensino de enfermagem, uma vez que este conteúdo introduz o aluno na profissão. Acredita-se que o preparo do estudante de enfermagem quanto aos conhecimentos que envolvem os princípios éticos e o estudo de anatomia humana com o uso de cadáveres ainda é um processo em construção, o que necessita da atenção dos professores envolvidos.
Analysis on the Curative Effect of Improved Radial Artery and Cephalic Vein Anastomosis in the Fistulation for the Hemodialysis in Patients
Authors: Qiu Xu Dong
Published: November 2017

To investigate the application of improved radial arteryand cephalic vein anastomosis in the fistulation for the hemodialysis in patients, 80 cases of patients with chronic renal failure were randomly divided into two groups, a control group and an improved group. The procedure for the wrist radial arteryand cephalic vein anastomosis was improved, in which in a way of continuously everted full-thickness suture, the distal end of radial artery and the proximal end of cephalic vein were anastomosed. The patients were examined by the different methods before the surgery to evaluate the patients’conditions. Patients in the improved group underwent the anastomosis of the wrist radial artery and cephalic vein in a way of continuously everted full-thickness suture, and those in the control group underwent the anastomosis in the conventional way. The improved procedure showed some advantages, such as reduced anastomotic blood leakage, good alignment of the arteryand veinwalls, shortened vascular suture time, and less knot of sutures at the anastomotic junction. The improved procedure should be appropriated for the patients whose Allen's test is negative and cephalic vein is good in the blood flow and filling. However, the weak blood reflux of the distal end of radial artery should bethe contraindication for the improved procedure.
Research on Mechanical Properties of Polymer Regenerative Concrete
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Shi Min , Ying Hong Hao , Zhao Nan
Published: November 2017

This paper designed and completed the different polymer dosage of recycled concrete, was prepared by adding amount was 7%, 14%, 21%, 14% styrene butadiene latex recycled concrete, recycled rubber powder recycled concrete and ordinary concrete block, the cube compressive strength and damping performance test. The cube compressive strength of concrete test according to the ordinary concrete mechanics performance test methods, specimen is 150×150×150 mm cube specimens, pressure testing machine loading speed is 0.5 MPa per second. The concrete damping performance test is carried out according to the free attenuation method, with the hammer vibration test device, the test piece is T type. Based on the damage form of specimens, the compressive strength and damping performance analysis, and compared with ordinary concrete as the benchmark analysis test results show that the polymer recycled concrete cube compressive strength failure process and failure pattern basic consistent with common concrete; In the water/cement ratio, sand ratio, and amount of material per unit volume is the same, under the condition of polymer recycled concrete cube compressive strength is lower than normal concrete, damping performance is higher than that of ordinary concrete, the compressive strength is inversely proportional to the damping sexual relations.
Serviceability of a New Kind of Precast Hollow Cross-Grids Floor System
Authors: Cui Wen Xiao , Chen Zhong Fan , Yin Wan Yun , Liu Shou Cheng
Published: November 2017

This paper proposed a new kind of precast hollow cross-grid floor system which is fabricated by several precast panels and post-poured concrete strips. As there is a lack of data related to the vibration serviceability of this new floor system which aim at being used in the large-span buildings, an experimental investigation was conducted. The data obtained from the experiment showed the new floor system meet existing China criteria under most pedestrian excitations. The resultsalso demonstrated thepacing rate influence the vibration performances most as the crowd effect least. Then the FEM analysis was taken to predict the peak acceleration of the new kind of floor system comparing to the experimental results using different coefficient of dynamic force.
Ensuring the Quality of Construction Production on an Example of Open Joint Stock Company "Reinforced Concrete Structures-1", City Penza
Authors: Zhegera Ch.V.
Published: November 2017

The considers the concept of competitiveness of a construction company. Provides information aboutthe necessity of calculation of the production potential of the enterprise. Given the formulas to calculate the production capacity of the enterprise. Given the results of the evaluation of the competitiveness of the building enterprise of Open Joint Stock Company "Reinforced concrete structures-1" in city Penza. Presents the results of the evaluation analysis of the factors influencing the productive capacity of the enterprise. Submitted theweight of each factor affecting the production potential of the enterprise. Calculated the value of the production potential Given the state of the stability of technological process, the financial condition and the condition of other factors in the company of Open Joint Stock Company "Reinforced concrete structures-1"showed that the company uses its capacity only at 80% The evaluation of industrial potential of the enterprise developed recommendations to improve the competitiveness of the enterprise Open Joint Stock Company "Reinforced concrete structures-1", city Penza. The recommendation is to use intensive and extensive reserves of the company.
Analysis of Sound Insulation Performance of Reinforce Concrete Walls between Households According to Wall Thickness Criteria in Apartments
Authors: Shin Hye Kyung , Kim Kyoung Woo , Jeong A Yeong , Yang Kwan Seop
Published: November 2017

Sound insulation between households is properly ensured to provide a quiet residential environment in apartments. The legal requirements for sound insulation in apartments in Korea are set to meet the wall’s minimum thickness or sound insulation performance. When construction companies choose the walls that satisfy thethickness in the standards of boundary walls between households, it is difficult to know the sound insulation performance. In this study, the sound insulation performance of reinforced concrete walls is predicted according to the wall thickness criteria and analyzed through field measurements. In newly built apartments, the reinforced concrete wall’s sound insulation performance(R'w) is 56 – 66 dB, which is a similar level of the international criterion. And the sound insulation performance of the reinforced concrete wall according to thickness standards is similar to sound insulation performance standardsof Korea.
Coupling Effects on Synchronizability of Two-Layer Network's Projective Outer Synchronization
Authors: Feng Bo Yu , Zhang Zhi Hao
Published: November 2017

Based on nonlinear dynamics theory and knowledge of complex network, this paper expanded the range of two-layer network synchronization to projective outers synchronization. A mathematical model was constructed and feasibility of synchronization was demonstrated. Then we improved the model in order to study the function of different couplings [1]. Numerical examples are examined to compare the synchronizability of projective outer synchronization with different couplings. A rule called "outer small-world effect" was found due to simulation experiment. Finally, some instances were used to explain experimental results.
Technological Progress of General Hot Dip Galvanizing
Authors: Yuan Xun Hua , Zhang Qi Fu
Published: November 2017

Chinese general hot dip galvanizing industry has made great progress in recent years, with an annual output of more than 13 million tons. In China, general hot dip galvanized products were widely applied in many fields such as power facilities, construction, transportation, etc. Through the introduction of a series of advanced technologies including cleaner production technology, the general galvanizing industry was more environmental friendly and sustainable. In the future, Chinese general hot dip galvanizing industry will continue to pay attention to technological developments so as to improve product quality, reduce energy consumption and pollution.
Electrochromic Properties of Lithium Vanadate Doped Tungsten Trioxide Film
Authors: Utamarat Nisida , Sikong Lek , Chetpattananondh Kanadit
Published: November 2017

Lithium vanadate doped tungsten trioxide films were coated on conducting fluorine doped tin oxide substrate by the sol-gel and dip coating methods using lithium vanadate and peroxotungstic acid sol. The concentration of lithium vanadatewas varied and the effects of lithium vanadate on morphology, microstructure and electrochromic properties of WO3 film were investigated. The synthesized tungsten trioxide with 10 wt.% lithium vanadate can be identified as amorphous structure. It observed that the crystallinity of the films are increase and more smooth when Li concentration increased and exhibits excellent properties in electrochromic performance in terms of diffusion coefficient is about as 2.6×10-9 cm2s-1 with the potential scan from -1.0 to +1.0 V as a scan rate of 100 mVs-1 in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution.
Examination of Thermal Parameters, Primary Dendritic Spacings and Microhardness of a Horizontally Solidified Al-Cu-Mg Ternary Alloy
Authors: Barros A.S. , Collyer M.N. , Silva Adrina P. , Moreira A.L. , Rocha O.L.
Published: November 2017

In this paper, the Al-3wt.%Cu-0.5wt.%Mg alloy was grown by the transient horizontal directional solidification method in a water cooled stainless steel chill. A temperature monitoring system in the metal was used and the registered time-temperature data during the solidification process were applied to determine tip growth rates (VL) and cooling rates (TR) which have been correlated with both primary dendrite arm spacings (λ1) and Vickers microhardness (HV). Characterization techniques by optical and scanning electron microscopy (OM and SEM) were employed and the observed microstructures show an Al-rich dendritic matrix (a-Al) and θ (Al2Cu) and S (Al2CuMg) intermetallic phases within the interdendritic regions. Power and Hall-Petch type experimental equations were proposed to describe the HV profile as a function of the thermal and microstructural parameters (VL, TR, and λ1). In order to investigate the effect of the Mg alloying, a comparative analysis was also performed between the experimental values of this article and the results of previous studies carried out with the Al-3wt.%Cu binary alloy.
Effect of Entrainment Ratio and Subcooling Degree on Dual System of Cooling-Thermal Energy Conversion Applying Ejector
Authors: Yoon Jung In , Lee Ho Saeng , Son Chang Hyo , Seol Sung Hoon , Lee Kwang Seok , Kim Hyeon Ju , Moon Jung Hyun
Published: November 2017

This study proposes a system called 'dual system of cooling-thermal energy conversion applying ejector', which practically applies an ejector to an ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) system. The proposed system presents higher system efficiency, owing to the application of an ejector, and reduced initial and operating costs. The main results, obtained from simulation analysis, are as follows: the cooling capacity tended to decrease as the entrainment ratio increased, and the system using R134a generally presented the highest cooling capacity and COP. In terms of generation system, the highest turbine gross power was obtained when the R134a working fluid was applied. The efficiency of the system decreased as the entrainment ratio increased. Finally, the application of the ejector enhanced the efficiency of the generation system, using R134a, by approximately 50%, from 4.73% to 7.10% at the entrainment ratio of 0.1.
Nonlinear Behaviour of Mass Transfer Mechanisms in Solvent Oil Recovery
Authors: Lorimer Shelley , Smithaniuk Caine
Published: November 2017

Literature has indicated that, experimentally, solvent fronts in hybrid thermal solvent recovery processes progress more rapidly than what can be predicted using current approximations and more rapidly than thermal processes alone [1]. The equations that govern thermal multiphase flow through porous media are extremely complex and it is very difficult to decouple the contribution of the mass transfer mechanisms from the thermal effects. This paper explores the behavior of the mass transfer mechanisms in these processes through an examination of the nonlinear one-dimensional advection diffusion/dispersion (ADD) equation using finite difference methods. Earlier work [2] indicated that the linear ADD equation, using physically estimated parameters for diffusion and dispersion coefficients obtained from the literature, could not account for the solvent front progression rate predicted by Edmunds [3]. The results in this preliminary study indicate that the nonlinear effects are important in predicting the progression of a solvent front using the one dimensional ADD equation. The shapes and rate of propagation of the concentration profiles are influenced by both velocity and diffusion functionality. These results are more consistent with the solvent front propagation rate predicted by Edmunds [3]. These results also suggest that including nonlinear effects in traditional reservoir simulation software may be necessary in the modeling of solvent processes. Further work is needed to explore and understand the influence of the velocity and diffusion functionality necessary to mimic the behaviour observed in thermal solvent recovery processes and to further increase the understanding of their impact on solvent front propagation.
Performance Analysis on Variable Injectors to Improve the Internal Velocities and Flow Rates in a Fuel System for Natural Gas Vehicles
Authors: Kim Kwon Se , Choi Doo Seuk
Published: November 2017

The present study has been attempted to systematically perform a visualizing analysis plan which can improve the flow rate, velocity and mass flow rate as a function of the size of the welding section in the injector as a key for the determination of the injection amount and time of the fuel (CH4) system for natural gas. As the setting conditions for the analysis, a minimum pressure of 2 bar and a maximum pressure of 8 bar were set to be the total pressure values in the case of the inlet, while 0 bar was set for opening drain to represent the state in the atmosphere in the case of the outlet. As a result, the characteristics with an increase in velocity could be affirmed as strong flow separation and eddy current were produced according to the model with a large size of welding section. An excellent performance with an improvement in the performance of velocity flow rate by about 40% could be affirmed in the model where the size of the welding section was designed to be 6 EA.
Kinetics and the Theoretical Aspects of Drug Release from PLA/HAp Thin Films
Authors: Macha Innocent Jacob , Ben-Nissan Besim , Müller Wolfgang
Published: November 2017

The theory of dissolution kinetics of gentamicin from polylactic acid-hydroxyapatite thin film composites is spotlighted with the combination of diffusion and polymer degradation modeling. The use of various mathematical models, characterizing diffusion, dissolution or/and erosion prevalence as well as a mix of dissolution-diffusion rate processes were employed in order to compare theory with experimental data. A number of factors influence the release kinetics of gentamicin from medical drug release systems and devices. It is difficult to have a single mathematical model that takes all these factors into account. It is shown that the degradation of the polymer matrix plays the biggest role in the release kinetics of polymer-ceramics thin film composites. It was also observed that multistage drug release form these devices depends also on the degradation kinetics of the polymer matrix. The effect of pH and device sizes were not studied but could also be of interest in future studies.
Hydroxyapatite Bioceramics Reinforced with Silica-Coated Graphene
Authors: Li Zhong , Bi Shu Guang , Li Rui Tao , Khor Khiam Aik
Published: November 2017

Challenges facing graphene-reinforced composites include insufficient interfacial strengths, filler agglomeration, and their potential cytotoxicity. To tackle these challenges, silica-coated graphene (S-G) is used to toughen a representative bioceramic, hydroxyapatite (HA), and HA-based composites were prepared by park plasma sintering. By adding 2 wt.% silica-coated graphene oxide, a precursor to S-G, the fracture toughness of HA could be increased by 84%. Compared with graphene/HA pellets, the S-G/HA samples showed superior mechanical properties. In addition, the incorporation of S-G could promote the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblast-like cells MG63, and showed no adverse effect on their viability. Therefore, the multifunctional bioceramic-based materials presented here possess great potential in load-bearing orthopedic implants.
Vapour Diffusion Route to Mineralize Graphene and Polymer Surfaces with Calcium Phosphate Intended for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Gómez-Morales Jaime , González-Ramírez Luis Antonio , Verdugo-Escamilla Cristóbal , Rodríguez-Ruiz Isaac , Falini Giuseppe
Published: November 2017

After successful application of the sitting drop vapour diffusion route to deposit calcium phosphate layers on mica muscovite sheets, in this work we have extended the method to mineralize polymer surfaces (OSTE+) and bidimensional materials (graphene), aimed to prepare implants or scaffolds for nonload bearing applications in the medical sector. Thin octacalcium phosphate/apatite layers have been deposited on mica muscovite sheets. Thin apatite/octacalcium phosphate layers deposited on OSTE+ polymer lames. When graphene nanoflakes where used as support, this technique yielded apatite/graphene nanocomposites.
Cementing Technique for THA Sockets Using Bone Cement and HA Granules: Modified-IBBC
Authors: Tamura Jiro , Asada Yoshiyuki , Oota Masato , Izeki Masanori , Miyake Takahiro , Matsuda Yasutaka
Published: November 2017

In this report, the middle-term clinical and radiographic results were investigated in total hip arthroplasty (THA) cases using PMMA bone cement and hydroxyapatite (HA) granules (modified interfacial bioactive bone cement technique; M-IBBC). 76 hip joins (69 cases) were operated between June 2010 and September 2012, and followed. The minimum follow-up period was 4.5 years, the average follow-up was 5.5 years and average age at operation was 67.4 years. Revision was not performed. Average Japanese orthopaedic association (JOA) score improved from 45 to 88. Socket loosening was not observed radiographically. X-p findings of sockets demonstrated radiolucent line in the outer part of Zone 1 (designated Zone 1a in this report) in 1.3% immediately after the operation, and 6.6% at 1 year postoperatively. After 2 years progressive changes were not observed. The improvement of radiolucent line was observed in two cases at 3 years postoperatively and radiolucent line in Zone 1a was observed in 3.9%. These findings suggested that osteoconductivity of HA granules was maintained after the operation.
Fabrication of Mesoporous Silica Thin Film Platforms for Surface Reaction with Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Ushijima Sota , Ikoma Toshiyuki
Published: November 2017

Mesoporous silica thin films were fabricated on gold substrates with a sol-gel method including a cationic surfactant. The interface of gold and silica thin films was fixed with a mercaptosilane. The surface roughness of the thin films and their grain sizes of silica were both increased with the elimination of the cationic surfactant and polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification on its surface. The surface reaction, adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA), was monitored with surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Although the adsorption amount of BSA at 1 mg/mL were 7.9 ng/cm2 on the mesoporous silica, the PEG modification can completely desorb BSA. The mesoporous silica thin films on gold substrates fabricated will be a good platform for analyzing surface reaction.
Injection Behavior of Brushite Bone Cement Prepared with Granulated β-Tricalcium Phosphate
Authors: Kim Hyun Woo , Park Kyung Nahn , Oh Kyung Sik
Published: November 2017

The injection behavior of β-tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2: β-TCP) based cement was improved through the granulation of β-TCP. Dense β-TCP granules were obtained by heat treatment after spray drying. The fraction of injected paste under loaded mass in the syringe was measured while varying the granular fraction of β-TCP and the heat treatment temperature. The increase in granular fraction and heating treatment temperature reduced the amount of setting agent required to wet the granules. As the surplus setting agent could be used in the powdery β-TCP to reduce the viscosity, improved injectability was achieved. Inappropriate setting by the excessive setting agent was not observed and the cements tested exhibited normal setting behavior by forming a brushite phase.
Development of Bioactive Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al Alloy by Incorporation of Apatite Nuclei
Authors: Yabutsuka Takeshi , Kidokoro Yasutaka , Takai Shigeomi , Yao Takeshi
Published: November 2017

Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al alloy, with lower elastic modulus in comparison with Ti-6Al-4V alloy, was treated with H2SO4 solution to form pores on its surface. In order to provide apatite-forming ability to the alloy, apatite nuclei were precipitated in the pores using simulated body fluid with higher pH value in comparison with the conventional one. By this treatment, a bioactive Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al alloy was obtained. The apatite-forming ability of the bioactive Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al alloy was evaluated by soaking in SBF. In addition, adhesive strength of the bone-like apatite layer formed in the SBF was measured.
Exhaust Emission Reduction from Compression Ignition Engine by Using Palm Biodiesel Blended with Nano Zinc Oxide Additive
Authors: Wanriko Ponrawee , Fangsuwannarak Karoon
Published: November 2017

Biofuel modifications play a major role in a substitution for fossil fuel to be used in diesel engines and reducing exhaust emission. The most amounts of crude palm oil produced from Asian region can be an alternative fuel, sustainably. By the modifying crude palm oil into pure palm oil biodiesel (POB100), alkali trans-esterification procedure was operated. In the present, the high-quality POB products have been investigated considerably for alternative fuel in 4-cylinders high-speed diesel engine. The aim of this paper is to study in the improvement of POB quality by repeated-distillation and blending POB with nanoZnO additive. The high-speed engine combustion from consuming blended POB fuel were investigated the influences of exhaust emission under speed engine operation of 2,000 rpm and 3,000 rpm. The experimental results were shown that the POB fuel yielded at 84.54% from using 400 g. of raw materials. Both of redistilled POB and POB blended with nanoZnO additive showed the improvement of physical properties including viscosity, specific gravity and cetane number values being under ASTM standard values for high-speed engine. In addition, the results of exhaust emission from the engine showed the effective decrease of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) around 13% due to using redistilled POB and POB blended nanoZnO additive compared with diesel fuel. Unburned hydrocarbon (HC) and nitric oxide (NOx) emissions of the diesel fuel condition. Therefore, this study suggests that nanoZnO blending POB in the small fraction about 0.005 wt% is able to provide the high potentiality for as a clean and alternative fuel.
Microstructure and Properties of Ni-Based Alloy Coating with Ultrasonic Frequency Inductive Cladding on Substrate of Cast Irons
Authors: Yu Jing , Song Bo
Published: November 2017

Due to high content of carbon and poor weldability, the ultrasonic frequency induction cladding technique was utilized to fabricate Ni-based alloy coating on the substrate of gray cast irons. In order to investigate the microstructure and properties of Ni-based alloy coating, the techniques of optical microscopy (OM), backscattered electron image (BEI), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Vickers microhardness tester were employed. And then the immersion test and potentiodynamic polarization measurement were performed to evaluate the corrosion behavior of Ni-based alloy coating. The experimental results reveal that the coating bonds metallurgically with the substrate. Due to the elemental interdiffusion between the coating and the substrate, a solid solution zone of coating is formed. The phases of γ-Ni, Ni3B, NiSi, chromium borides and carbides can be distinguished in the coating. Chromium borides and carbides are benefit for the improvement of hardness and NiSi provides good corrosion resistance.
Characteristics on Treated Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Husin Muhammad Muslimin , Mustapa Mohammad Sukri , Wahab Md. Saidin , Tajul Arifin Ahmad Mubarak , Ganasan Reventheran A.L. , Jais Farhana Hazwanee
Published: November 2017

Nowadays natural fiber and polymer matrix are being extensively used as alternatives in producing furniture like ceiling, floor and etc. to fulfill society demand instead of environmental friendly and saving cost. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent for reinforcement between kenaf fiber (KF) and polypropylene (PP). The ratio of MAPP between 3% and 5% was observed to determine which composition ratio is better. The tensile strength for both 30% KF and 40% KF was treated through the alkali treatment process with 5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Kenaf fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP/KF) composites were melt blended and then used hydraulic molding test press machine for characterization to observe their tensile strengths by measuring their threshold. Tensile test was carried out to determine the tensile stresses of the composite at the best composition ratio of kenaf fiber that are 30% KF and 40% KF instead of MAPP ratio. The result shows 40% KF (5% MAPP) lead to better tensile performance compared to 40% KF (3% MAPP), 30% KF (5% MAPP) and 30% KF (3% MAPP). Meanwhile, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to observe the morphological comparison between untreated KF and treated KF as well as PP/KF. The good interfacial bonding between KF and PP was 5% MAPP rather than 3% MAPP due to the optimum strength received. Overall 5% MAPP with 40% PP/KF had shown the best result compared to others with the estimated tensile strength value of 21.38 MPa.
Effect of Static Magnetic Fields on Creep of Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Skvortsov Arkady A. , Pshonkin Danila E. , Luk'yanov Mikhail N. , Rybakova Margarita R.
Published: November 2017

The necessity and urgency of studying plastic deformation of metals is determined by both scientific significance of the problem and requirements of practice. So the objective of this work is investigation of aluminum alloy creep under action of static magnetic fields. This subject matter is of practical importance for engineering since the parts of engineering constructions are subject to various loads which may lead to their damage or even creep rupture. Based on the experiments performed by us, it is found that creeping increases under stable magnetic field; the main features appear at the first creep stage. Investigation of these processes will help to predict time dependence of creep strain and its rate as well as durability and plasticity at destruction.
The Activation of Human Dermal Microvascular Cells by Poly(I:C), Lipopolysaccharide, Imiquimod, and ODN2395 Is Mediated by the Fli1/FOXO3A Pathway
Authors: Stawski Lukasz , Marden Grace , Trojanowska Maria
Published: November 2017

Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction has been associated with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases; however, the factors contributing to this dysfunction have not been fully explored. Because activation of TLRs has been implicated in autoimmune diseases, the goal of this study was to determine the effects of TLR ligands on EC function. Human dermal microvascular ECs (HDMECs) treated with TLR3 [Poly(I:C)], TLR4 (LPS), and TLR7 (imiquimod) agonists showed decreased proliferation and a reduced total number of branching tubules in three-dimensional human dermal organoid ex vivo culture. In contrast, the TLR9 ligand class C, ODN2395, increased angiogenesis. The antiproliferative effects of TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 ligands correlated with significant downregulation of a key regulator of vascular homeostasis, Fli1, whereas TLR9 increased Fli1 levels. Furthermore, Poly(I:C) and LPS induced endothelial to mesenchymal transition that was reversed by the pretreatment with TGF-β neutralizing Ab or re-expression of Fli1. We showed that Fli1 was required for the HDMEC proliferation by transcriptionally repressing FOXO3A. In contrast to TLR9, which suppressed activation of the FOXO3A pathway, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 ligands activated FOXO3A as indicated by decreased phosphorylation and increased nuclear accumulation. The inverse correlation between Fli1 and FOXO3A was also observed in the vasculature of scleroderma patients. This work revealed opposing effects of TLR9 and TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 on the key angiogenic pathways, Fli1 and FOXO3A. Our results provide a mechanistic insight into the regulation of angiogenesis by TLRs and confirm a central role of Fli1 in regulating vascular homeostasis.
How postmetaphysical can God-talk be?
Authors: Bentley Wessel
Published: November 2017

A stalemate often ensues when science, philosophy and theology deliberate over the notion of metaphysics. It is apparent that these three disciplines approach metaphysics from different vantage points. By delineating the definition of metaphysics to the distinction between ‘what is known’ and ‘what is not known’, it is argued that the resulting ‘silo-effect’ of knowledge does not advance the discourse between science, theology and philosophy. This is especially true when religion raises the notion of ‘God-talk’. In order to create a common ground between science, theology and philosophy (specifically when it comes to God-talk), this article proposes another construct, namely ‘postmetaphysics’. It is argued that postmetaphysics assists in overcoming dualistic theological notions of God which hampers discussions between the mentioned conversation partners.
Outcome of Early versus Delayed Evacuation of Spontaneous Lobar Hematomas in Unconscious Adults
Authors: Alkosha Hazem M. , Zakaria Wael K.
Published: November 2017

Objective: To explore the difference in outcomes of medium-sized lobar hematomas evacuated in early versus delayed fashion among unconscious noncomatose individuals. Methods: A retrospective analysis of demographic, clinical, and radiological data of unconscious patients admitted with lobar hematomas during 18 years was performed. Time to surgery was compared in various patient variables and characteristics. Outcome groups (favorable and poor) were also compared to find out any association with surgery timing, as well as potential indicators of outcome and mortality. Results: The mean follow-up period in this study was 7.5 months after discharge. Two-thirds of the patients carried favorable prognosis at final follow-up with mortality (7.3%) included among poor cases. Time to surgery was not associated to any of the patient characteristics, except for international normalized ratio and associated chest problems which represented the main indicators of delayed surgery. Rebleeding after evacuation was associated with shorter time to surgery in clots ≤35 cc but not in the whole group. Poor outcome was significantly associated with higher basal glucose levels, bigger hematomas, rebleeding after surgery, and delayed evacuation of clots ≤35 cc. The presence of mild intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) per se was not associated with increased mortality or poor outcome; however, its volume was. Conclusion: Smaller lobar hematomas (≤35 cc) in unconscious adults (Glasgow Coma Scale 8–13) may be managed with initial conservative treatment, while larger hematomas (≤35 cc) are better evacuated as early as possible. Basal glucose levels and volume of mild IVH should be considered in the future management planes.
The Participation of Prospective Fathers in Preconception Care
Authors: Czeizel Andrew E. , Czeizel Benjamin , Vereczkey Attila
Published: November 2017

We present the data of male participants in the Coordinating Center of the Hungarian Preconception Service (HPS), Budapest, 1984-2010. One of main objectives of the HPS was the incorporation of male partners of female participants into the preparation of childbirth. The HPS is based on three steps: (I) Reproductive health check-up. (II) A 3-month preparation for conception with the major determinants of the development of new life such as sex, health and/or some diseases. Smoking and illicit drug use cessation and limitation of alcohol intake was suggested in the male participants (III) to achieve optimal conception and better protection of early pregnancy. Pregnant women usually visit prenatal care clinics between the 7th and 12th gestational week when it is too late to reduce the risk of congenital abnormalities. Male participation in HPS will help to enhance use of appropriate preconception methods at the appropriate time.
Letrozole versus Clomiphene Citrate for Induction of Ovulation in Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Undergoing Intrauterine Insemination
Authors: Hendawy Sherif F. , Samaha Hanan E. , Elkholy Mohamed F.
Published: November 2017

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies affecting women in the reproductive age group, and is one of the most common causes of hyperandrogenic anovulatory infertility. The aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, has been used for induction of ovulation. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of letrozole and clomiphene citrate in induction of ovulation among patients with PCOS undergoing intrauterine insemination.

Methods

In a double-blind randomized study, 60 infertile patients with PCOS received standard doses of either clomiphene citrate or letrozole as an induction protocol prior to intrauterine insemination. A hormonal profile, pelvic ultrasound, hysterosalpingogram, and/ or laparoscopy were done for all patients. The patients were monitored for ovulation by translational ultrasonographic folliculometry, with measurement of number and size of the follicles, as well as endometrial thickness. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was injected intramuscularly when at least one mature follicle > 18 mm diameter was detected, and intrauterine insemination was performed 32-36 hours later. Transvaginal ultrasound and β-HCG measurement were performed for confirmation of pregnancy.

Results

Letrozole and clomiphene citrate achieved follicle maturation within a mean ± standard deviation (SD) of 13.2 ± 1.53 and 14.1 ± 1.35 days, respectively, showing no significant difference (P > 0.05). The mean number of follicles reaching >18 mm on the day of HCG administration was significantly higher in patients who received clomiphene citrate (2.9 ± 1.77) than in those receiving letrozole (1.2 ± 0.9). Letrozole had a significantly greater effect than clomiphene citrate on endometrial thickness (9.16 ± 1.36 versus 4.46 ± 1.71). The number of pregnancies achieved in the letrozole group was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than in the clomiphene group.

Conclusion

Letrozole in patients with PCOS is as effective as clomiphene citrate in inducing ovulation, and although the number of follicles produced by induction with letrozole were less than those produced by clomiphene, letrozole had a significantly greater effect on endometrial thickness than clomiphene citrate, and the incidence of pregnancy after intrauterine insemination was significantly higher, with a lower incidence of multiple pregnancy.
Mejora de la Potencia Obtenida en Plantas de Generación Undimotriz basadas en Columna de Agua Oscilante
Authors: Lekube Jon , Garrido Aitor J. , Garrido Izaskun , Otaola Erlantz
Published: November 2017

Las centrales de aprovechamiento de la energía proveniente de las olas, y particularmente los dispositivos de columna de agua oscilante, resultan una alternativa factible para reducir la dependencia de los combustibles fósiles y frenar el creciente problema del calentamiento global. Así, los nuevos esquemas de control pueden jugar un papel importante a la hora de aportar mejoras de rendimiento y competir de igual a igual desde un punto de vista comercial con las fuentes de energía tradicionales. En este sentido, el presente artículo propone un nuevo método de control basado en el seguimiento de la curva de máxima potencia, mediante el establecimiento de los valores óptimos de los coeficientes de flujo y de par que permiten maximizar la potencia generada en cada instante. El esquema de control ha sido implementado sobre un modelo completo desde la ola hasta la red de potencia a fin de demostrar la viabilidad del método propuesto y la bondad de sus resultados.
A new multicomponent heterogeneous ice nucleation model and its application to Snomax bacterial particles and a Snomax–illite mineral particle mixture
Authors: Beydoun Hassan , Polen Michael , Sullivan Ryan C.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Some biological particles, such as Snomax, are very active ice nucleating particles, inducing heterogeneous freezing in supercooled water at temperatures above −15 and up to −2 °C. Despite their exceptional freezing abilities, large uncertainties remain regarding the atmospheric abundance of biological ice nucleating particles, and their contribution to atmospheric ice nucleation. It has been suggested that small biological ice nucleating macromolecules or fragments can be carried on the surfaces of dust and other atmospheric particles. This could combine the atmospheric abundance of dust particles with the ice nucleating strength of biological material to create strongly enhanced and abundant ice nucleating surfaces in the atmosphere, with significant implications for the budget and distribution of atmospheric ice nucleating particles, and their consequent effects on cloud microphysics and mixed-phase clouds. The new critical surface area g framework that was developed by Beydoun et al. (2016) is extended to produce a heterogeneous ice nucleation mixing model that can predict the freezing behavior of multicomponent particle surfaces immersed in droplets. The model successfully predicts the immersion freezing properties of droplets containing Snomax bacterial particles across a mass concentration range of 7 orders of magnitude, by treating Snomax as comprised of two distinct distributions of heterogeneous ice nucleating activity. Furthermore, the model successfully predicts the immersion freezing behavior of a low-concentration mixture of Snomax and illite mineral particles, a proxy for the biological material–dust (bio-dust) mixtures observed in atmospheric aerosols. It is shown that even at very low Snomax concentrations in the mixture, droplet freezing at higher temperatures is still determined solely by the second less active and more abundant distribution of heterogeneous ice nucleating activity of Snomax, while freezing at lower temperatures is determined solely by the heterogeneous ice nucleating activity of pure illite. This demonstrates that in this proxy system, biological ice nucleating particles do not compromise their ice nucleating activity upon mixing with dust and no new range of intermediary freezing temperatures associated with the mixture of ice nucleating particles of differing activities is produced. The study is the first to directly examine the freezing behavior of a mixture of Snomax and illite and presents the first multicomponent ice nucleation model experimentally evaluated using a wide range of ice nucleating particle concentration mixtures in droplets.
Intercomparison of Pandora stratospheric NO2 slant column product with the NDACC-certified M07 spectrometer in Lauder, New Zealand
Authors: Knepp Travis N. , Querel Richard , Johnston Paul , Thomason Larry , Flittner David , Zawodny Joseph M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In September 2014, a Pandora multi-spectral photometer operated by the SAGE-III project was sent to Lauder, New Zealand, to operate side-by-side with the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research's (NIWA) Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) certified zenith slant column NO2 instrument to allow intercomparison between the two instruments and for evaluation of the Pandora unit as a potential SAGE-III validation tool for stratospheric NO2. This intercomparison spanned a full year, from September 2014 to September 2015. Both datasets were produced using their respective native algorithms using a common reference spectrum (i.e., 12:00 NZDT (UTC + 13) on 26 February 2015). Throughout the entire deployment period both instruments operated in a zenith-only observation configuration. Though conversion from slant column density (SCD) to vertical-column density is routine (by application of an air mass factor), we limit the current analysis to SCD only. This omission is beneficial in that it provides an intercomparison based on similar modes of operation for the two instruments and the retrieval algorithms as opposed to introducing an air mass factor dependence in the intercomparison as well. It was observed that the current hardware configurations and retrieval algorithms are in good agreement (R > 0.95). The detailed results of this investigation are presented herein.