bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lay Understandings of the Structure of Intimate Partner Violence in Relationships: An Analysis of Behavioral Clustering Patterns
Authors: Minto Kiara , Masser Barbara , Louis Winnifred
Published: January 2021

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is common and has a lasting negative impact on the health and well-being of victims and survivors. People’s mental frameworks (schemas) of IPV are central in allowing them to identify and respond to IPV. Early recognition of IPV is essential to reducing the cumulative harm caused by repeated instances of abusive behaviors. In relationships with IPV, abuse typically starts with relatively less harmful behaviors, which may be ambiguous in isolation, and escalates. The present research examines the content of lay people’s IPV schemas to gain insight into their understanding of the presentation and progression of IPV. Participants ( N = 168) were presented with two exemplars each of three different relationship types (nonabusive, nonphysically abusive, and physically abusive) resulting in a total of six exemplars. They were also presented with a list of behaviors that comprised nonabusive, nonphysically abusive, and physically abusive actions. For each exemplar, participants selected the behaviors they considered most likely to co-occur with the exemplar behavior. They then rated the abusiveness of the behavioral clusters they had created. Results indicate that participants distinguish nonabusive, physically abusive, and nonphysically abusive clusters. Nonphysically abusive behavior clusters are seen as less abusive than physically abusive behavior clusters, with nonphysically abusive behaviors more likely to be grouped with nonabusive behaviors.
Modeling the resistance mechanism of passive knee joint flexion and extension for use in rehabilitation equipment
Authors: Amiri Mansoor , Ghomsheh Farhad Tabatabai , Ghazalian Farshad
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to model the resistance mechanism of Passive Knee Joint Flexion and Extension to create a similar torque mechanism in rehabilitation equipment. In order to better model the behavior of passive knee tissues, it is necessary to exactly calculate the two coefficients of elasticity of time-independent and time-dependent parts. Ten healthy male volunteers (mean height 176.4+/−4.59 cm) participated in this study. Passive knee joint flexion and extension occurred at velocities of 15, 45, and 120 (degree/s), and in five consecutive cycles and within the range of 0 to 100° of knee movement on the sagittal plane on Cybex isokinetic dynamometer. To ensure that the muscles were relaxed, the electrical activity of knee muscles was recorded. The elastic coefficient, (KS) increased with elevating the passive velocity in flexion and extension. The elastic coefficient, (KP) was observed to grow with the passive velocity increase. While, the viscous coefficient (C) diminished with passive velocity rise in extension and flexion. The heightened passive velocity of the motion resulted in increased hysteresis (at a rate of 42%). The desired of passive velocity is lower so that there is less energy lost and the viscoelastic resistance of the tissue in the movement decreases. The Coefficient of Determination, R2 between the model-responses and experimental curves in the extension was 0.96 < R2 < 0.99 and in flexion was 0.95 < R2 < 0.99. This modeling is capable of predicting the true performance of the components of passive knee movement and we can create a resistance mechanism in the rehabilitation equipment to perform knee joint movement. Quantitative measurements of two elastic coefficients of Time-independent and Time-dependent parts passive knee joint coefficients should be used for better accurate simulation the behavior of passive tissues in the knee which is not seen in other studies.
The best glass? Equitable access to quality education in inner-city Kingston, Jamaica
Authors: Dodman Jane
Published: January 2021

Using a case study approach, this paper describes the history and considers the success of an innovative hybrid school model aimed at improving access to quality primary education in inner-city Kingston, Jamaica. It examines access, student achievement, non-academic issues and the challenges of COVID-19. It draws on personal experience and data from empirical research at the Chetolah Mel Nathan Education Centre, a recent merger of the Mel Nathan Preparatory School and the Chetolah Park Primary School in inner-city Kingston. The merger of these two schools resulted in the higher aspirations and outcomes associated with the prep school ethos, along with the range of government resources. While this particular hybrid model depended on a unique situation in Jamaica, it points to the more general potential for co-production in Jamaica, the wider Caribbean and further afield.
Service User Experiences of Integrating a Mobile Solution (IMPACHS) Into Clinical Treatment for Psychosis
Authors: Austin Stephen F. , Frøsig Anna , Buus Niels , Lincoln Tania , von Malachowski Alissa , Schlier Bjorn , Frost Mads , Simonsen Erik
Published: January 2021

Innovative technological solutions are increasingly being introduced into psychotherapy. Understanding service user perspectives is a key aspect in adapting this technology to treatment. This study investigated service users’ personal experience of the utility, challenges, and rewards of using an mHealth solution in cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp). People participating in an early intervention program for psychosis ( n = 16) utilized the mHealth solution for up to 6 months. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted to capture participant experiences, and quantitative data were collected on psychopathology, usage, and quality of the solution. The solution was widely accepted and utilized in treatment. Four dominant themes were constructed from the interviews: (a) Accessibility and supporting recall, (b) Promotion of dialogue with the therapist, (c) Encouraging reflection, and (d) Factors that affected engagement with the solution. The mHealth solution was perceived as facilitating psychotherapeutic processes and supported underlying CBTp treatment principles.
Patients’ and Nurses’ Demographics and Perceived Learning Needs Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
Authors: Al-Maskari Ahmed , Al-Noumani Huda , Al-Maskari Mohammed
Published: January 2021

Worldwide, the number of coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) surgeries significantly increased. To develop effective discharge planning and avoid complications, patients learning needs are essential to be examined. The study examined the difference between patients’ and nurses’ perceptions of post-CABG learning needs and the relationship between patients’ and nurses’ demographic variables and the perceptions of the learning needs. This study included 180 participants (90 nurses, 90 patients). Data were collected from two cardiac centers in Oman using a modified cardiac patient learning need inventory and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed: (1) there was a significant difference in perceived learning needs between nurses and patients, and (2) patients’ learning needs differed significantly by gender, marital status, education, and occupation. This study highlights that post-CABG patients’ learning needs should be assessed despite patients’ demographical characteristics to individualize education planning and prevent complications.
PATENCY-2 trial of vonapanitase to promote radiocephalic fistula use for hemodialysis and secondary patency
Authors: Peden Eric K , Lucas John F , Browne Barry J , Settle Stephen M , Scavo Vincent A , Bleyer Anthony J , Ozaki Charles Keith , Teruya Theodore H , Wilson Samuel E , Mishler Rick E , Ferris Brian L , Hendon Kendra S , Moist Louise , Dixon Bradley S , Wong Marco D , Magill Missy , Lindow Francesca , Gustafson Pamela , Burke Steven K ,   for the PATENCY-2 Investigators
Published: January 2021

Objective:

Arteriovenous fistulas created for hemodialysis often fail to become usable and are frequently abandoned. This prospective trial evaluated the efficacy of vonapanitase, a recombinant human elastase, in increasing radiocephalic fistula use for hemodialysis and secondary patency.

Methods:

PATENCY-2 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients on or approaching the need for hemodialysis undergoing radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula creation. Of 696 screened, 613 were randomized, and 603 were treated (vonapanitase n = 405, placebo n = 208). The study drug solution was applied topically to the artery and vein for 10 min immediately after fistula creation. The primary endpoints were fistula use for hemodialysis and secondary patency (fistula survival without abandonment). Other efficacy endpoints included unassisted fistula use for hemodialysis, primary unassisted patency, fistula maturation and unassisted maturation by ultrasound criteria, and fistula procedure rates.

Results:

The proportions of patients with fistula use for hemodialysis was similar between groups, 70% vonapanitase and 65% placebo, ( p = 0.33). The Kaplan–Meier estimates of 12-month secondary patency were 78% (95% confidence interval [CI], 73–82) for vonapanitase and 76% (95% CI, 70–82) for placebo ( p = 0.93). The proportions with unassisted fistula use for hemodialysis were 46% vonapanitase and 37% placebo ( p = 0.054). The Kaplan–Meier estimates of 12-month primary unassisted patency were 50% (95% CI, 44–55) for vonapanitase and 43% (95% CI, 35–50) for placebo ( p = 0.18). There were no differences in the proportion of patients with fistula maturation or in fistula procedure rates. Adverse events were similar between groups. Vonapanitase was not immunogenic.

Conclusions:

Vonapanitase treatment did not achieve clinical or statistical significance to meaningfully improve radiocephalic fistula surgical outcomes. Outcome in the placebo group were better than in historical controls. Vonapanitase was well-tolerated and safe.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:

clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02414841 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02414841 )
Adapting multiple-choice comprehension question formats in a test of second language listening comprehension
Authors: O’Grady Stefan
Published: January 2021

The current study explores the impact of varying multiple-choice question preview and presentation formats in a test of second language listening proficiency targeting different levels of text comprehension. In a between-participant design, participants completed a 30-item test of listening comprehension featuring implicit and explicit information comprehension questions under one of four multiple-choice question preview and presentation conditions. Interactions between preview, presentation and comprehension in the participants’ test scores were analysed using many facet Rasch analysis. The results suggest that the measurement of participants’ listening ability was directly influenced by the presentation of multiple-choice questions. Test scores were highest when participants were able to preview the multiple-choice question stems before the sound file and listened to the options after the text had completed. However, interactions between preview and presentation conditions and comprehension level were only statistically significant in an analysis of the low scoring students’ item responses, which were more frequently correct when preview of item stems was available for questions targeting comprehension of implicit information. The research underscores the importance of accounting for test design when making inferences about language learners’ listening ability and will be of interest to teachers, practitioners and researchers developing listening assessment tasks.
Cross-cultural perspectives on the meaning of family quality of life: Comparing Korean immigrant families and Canadian families of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Fong Vanessa C. , Gardiner Emily , Iarocci Grace
Published: January 2021

This study sought to examine and compare conceptualizations and descriptions of family quality of life, from the perspectives of Korean immigrant and Canadian families of children with autism spectrum disorder. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews from 13 Korean immigrant parents and 12 Canadian parents of children with autism living in BC, Canada was conducted. For Korean immigrant families, three themes were identified: family cohesiveness, value orientation, and acceptance from society. For Canadian families, themes comprising family interactions, support, emotional well-being, individual characteristics, and comparisons to other families were essential elements in defining their family quality of life. Findings highlight how cultural values and differences may translate into different conceptualizations of family quality of life and underscore the need for cross-cultural and diverse perspectives in the study and development of future assessment tools.

Lay abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare Korean immigrant families and Canadian families of children with autism in their perceptions and definitions of family quality of life. Interviews were done with 13 Korean immigrant parents and 12 Canadian parents of children with autism living in BC, Canada. For Korean immigrant families, three themes were identified: family cohesiveness, value orientation, and acceptance from society. For Canadian families, themes comprising family interactions, support, emotional well-being, individual characteristics, and comparisons to other families were essential elements in defining their family quality of life. The findings emphasize how differences in culture may impact how we understand and assess family functioning and quality of life. If research informing the development of these tools lacks cross-cultural perspectives, service providers and professionals may fail to address these families’ unique needs.
City-dwellers flowing with Zhuangzi: a review of Qi Liu’s Zhuangzi’s N Generations
Authors: Kang Yanbin
Published: January 2021

This article reviews Zhuangzi’s N Generations, a modern dance performance, directed and choreographed by Qi Liu at the Guangdong Art Theatre in Guangzhou, China, on 17 December 2019.
Science denial and medical misinformation in pandemic times: A psycho-criminological analysis
Authors: Lavorgna Anita , Myles Heather
Published: January 2021

This study integrates criminological social learning and psychological explanations of individual factors and mechanisms for science denial to offer an individual-level analysis of ‘alternative lifestyle’ subcultural groups in cyberspace in order to understand the assimilation, success and proliferation of potentially dangerous health-related misinformation. Through a rigorous passive online ethnography of two relevant self-identifying ‘alternative lifestyle’ Italian- and English-speaking online communities observed over the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed the unfolding of online narratives and behavioural intentions of criminological and psychological interest. We identified in our data both individual factors and mechanisms for science denial and clues to social learning, and we showed how they interrelate. Furthermore, by looking at the linguistic and visual resources used to shape how participants think through social learning mechanisms, we identified four main narrative frames: informative; oppositional; empathetic; and agency and spirituality. The findings of this study provide a more comprehensive understanding of the reasons for and mechanisms behind medical misinformation online and suggest ways to mitigate the related harms.
Preface: Developing an Organization Through Work Life Balance-Driven Leave
Authors: Hammer Emily
Published: January 2021

The Problem

Employee leave amidst the Coronavirus pandemic brings about key questions regarding organizational support and development. Current corporate and public policies are written into employee handbooks where they are lauded as supportive economic, social, and sustainable policies for helping people (i.e., workers) achieve humane needs, but are proving to be lacking for truly providing support in the most troubling times.

The Solution

The field of Human Resource Management (HRM) and Human Resource Development (HRD) provide unique perspectives on developmental, performance-enhancing, and supportive structures for organizations to thrive. This Issue examines methods for creating truly supportive policies amidst the fallout of the global pandemic not only supports organizational longevity but demonstrates how valued employees truly are within the organization while meeting the labor demands of the market.

The Stakeholders

This Special Issue reflects the strong correlation of work-life balance with HRD researchers, administrators and practitioners alike who recognize the value of employee leave and effective policy implementation.
Contemporary application of artificial intelligence in prostate cancer: an i-TRUE study
Authors: Hameed B. M. Zeeshan , Shah Milap , Naik Nithesh , Ibrahim Sufyan , Somani Bhaskar , Rice Patrick , Soomro Naeem , Rai Bhavan Prasad
Published: January 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) involves technology that is able to emulate tasks previously carried out by humans. The growing incidence, novel diagnostic strategies and newer available therapeutic options have had resource and economic impacts on the healthcare organizations providing prostate cancer care. AI has the potential to be an adjunct to and, in certain cases, a replacement for human input in prostate cancer care delivery. Automation can also address issues such as inter- and intra-observer variability and has the ability to deliver analysis of large volume datasets quickly and accurately. The continuous training and testing of AI algorithms will facilitate development of futuristic AI models that will have integral roles to play in diagnostics, enhanced training and surgical outcomes and developments of prostate cancer predictive tools. These AI related innovations will enable clinicians to provide individualized care. Despite its potential benefits, it is vital that governance with AI related care is maintained and responsible adoption is achieved.
Interferon-α may help prevent molecular relapse of chronic myeloid leukemia after the discontinuation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Jun Kong , Ya-zhen Qin , Xiao-su Zhao , Hong-Xia Shi , Yue-Yun Lai , Kai-yan Liu , Xiao-jun Huang , Hao Jiang
Published: January 2021

Background:

Currently, the goal of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment is normal survival and good quality of life without life-long treatment, namely, “treatment-free remission” (TFR). At present, approximately only 50% of patients with CML with a deep molecular response are able to discontinue tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) without experiencing molecular relapse [MR; loss of major molecular response (MMR)]. In addition, prior interferon (IFN) treatment is associated with a higher rate of TFR.

Methods:

We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of TKI discontinuation in Chinese patients with CML and determine whether IFN could prevent MR when used after TKI discontinuation in patients with 0.0032% < BCR-ABLIS ⩽0.1%. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with CML who discontinued TKI treatment at our center.

Results:

Forty-nine patients who discontinued TKI therapy after achieving MR 4.5 were included in this study, and the median follow-up time from TKI discontinuation was 27 (7, 75) months. Nineteen patients eventually lost MMR, and the TFR rate of the 49 patients was 67% (95% confidence interval 53.6%, 80.3%) at 12 months. The duration of MR 4.5 ⩾54 months and duration of imatinib ⩾85 months were significantly associated with a higher TFR rate. Of the 22 patients with 0.0032% < BCR-ABLIS ⩽0.1%, 12 received IFN-α treatment. The median IFN-α therapy duration was nine (2, 18) months, and three patients eventually lost MMR. Three patients discontinued IFN-α after 2, 2.5, and 10 months, and maintained MMR for 9, 8, and 11 months after IFN discontinuation, respectively. Of the 10 patients not receiving IFN-α treatment, eight eventually lost MMR. The MR-free survival rate was significantly different between the patients treated with and those treated without IFN-α over 24 months (70.7% versus 15.0%, p = 0.002).

Conclusion:

These results indicate that after TKI discontinuation, IFN-α can be administered to patients with 0.0032% < BCR-ABLIS ⩽0.1%, which may help prevent MR.
Subcutaneous daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj in newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Sanchez Larysa , Richter Joshua , Cho Hearn Jay , Jagannath Sundar , Madduri Deepu , Parekh Samir , Richard Shambavi , Tam Lowena , Verina Daniel , Chari Ajai
Published: January 2021

Daratumumab, a human immunoglobulin G1 kappa monoclonal antibody that targets CD38, is currently approved as monotherapy and in varying combinations with approved anti-myeloma regimens in both newly diagnosed multiple myeloma and relapsed refractory multiple myeloma. Originally developed for intravenous administration, the subcutaneous formulation of daratumumab (daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj) was recently approved by the US Federal Drug Administration and European Commission in 2020. In clinical trials, compared with the intravenous formulation, subcutaneous daratumumab (Dara-SC) has significantly shorter administration time (median first dose 7 h versus 3–5 min, respectively), lower rates of infusion-related reactions (median first dose 50% versus less than 10%, respectively), and lower volume of infusion (median 500–1000 ml versus 15 ml, respectively). Otherwise, the pharmacokinetics, safety profile, and efficacy are comparable. This review summarizes the pivotal trials that led to the approval of Dara-SC, highlights important clinical considerations for the use of Dara-SC, and provides practical guidelines for the administration of Dara-SC in the clinic.
Understanding racial differences of COPD patients with an ecological model: two large cohort studies in the US and Korea
Authors: Park Hye Yun , Lee Hyun , Kang Danbee , Choi Hye Sook , Ryu Yeong Ha , Jung Ki-Suck , Sin Don D. , Cho Juhee , Yoo Kwang Ha
Published: January 2021

Background:

There are limited data about the racial difference in the characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients who are treated at clinics. We aimed to compare sociodemographic and clinical characteristics between US and Korean COPD patients using large-scale nationwide COPD cohorts.

Methods:

We used the baseline demographic and clinical data of COPD patients aged 45 years or older with at least a 10 pack-per year smoking history from the Korean COPD Subtype Study (KOCOSS, n = 1686) cohort (2012–2018) and phase I (2008–2011) of the US Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) study ( n = 4477, 3461 were non-Hispanic whites [NHW], and 1016 were African Americans [AA]).

Results:

Compared to NHW, AA had a significantly lower adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) of cough >3 months (aPR: 0.67; 95% CI [confidence interval]: 0.60–0.75) and phlegm >3 months (aPR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.70–0.86), but higher aPR of dyspnea (modified Medical Round Council scale ⩾2) (aPR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.15–1.29), short six-minute walk distance (<350 m) (aPR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.81–2.14), and poor quality of life (aPR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05–1.15). Compared to NHW, Koreans had a significantly lower aPR of cough >3 months (aPR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.47–0.59), phlegm >3 months (aPR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.67–0.82), dyspnea (aPR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.66–0.79), and moderate-to-severe acute exacerbation in the previous year (aPR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.65–0.82). NHW had the highest burden related to chronic bronchitis symptoms and cardiovascular diseases related to comorbidities.

Conclusion:

There are substantial differences in sociodemographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and comorbidities between COPD patients from the KOCOSS and COPDGene, which might be caused by interactions between various intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental factors of the ecological model. Thus, a broader and more comprehensive approach would be necessary to understand the racial differences of COPD patients.
Cardiac manifestations of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis from a single-center cohort in China: clinical features and associated factors
Authors: Liu Suying , Guo Ling , Zhang Zhaocui , Li Mengtao , Zeng Xiaofeng , Wang Li , Liu Yongtai , Zhang Fengchun
Published: January 2021

Background:

Cardiac manifestations are common and life-threatening in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), which remains poorly studied in China. We aim to investigate its clinical features, associated factors, treatment, and outcomes.

Methods:

We reviewed the clinical records of 110 EGPA patients and examined the independent factors associated with cardiac manifestations using multivariate logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic curves determined the cut-off values, and survival was calculated via Kaplan–Meier curves.

Results:

Cardiac involvement was present in 36.4% (40/110) of EGPA patients, which mainly manifested as pericardial effusion (16.4%, 18/110), myocardial involvement (13.6%, 15/110), and heart failure (8.2%, 9/110). The mean age was 42.1 ± 14.23 years with no female/male predominance. Compared with the cardiac-unaffected group, the cardiac-affected group showed a lower rate of biopsy-proved vasculitis (0% versus 20%, p = 0.002). The eosinophil count [odds ratio (OR) = 1.142, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.029–1.267] was independently associated with cardiac manifestations in EGPA, with a cut-off value of 3.66 × 109/L [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.692, p = 0.001]. Regarding treatment, the cardiac-affected group displayed a higher ratio of glucocorticoid pulse combined with intravenous cyclophosphamide (CYC-IV) (40% versus 21.4%, p = 0.037), and intravenous immunoglobulin combined with glucocorticoid plus CYC-IV (17.5% versus 4.3%, p = 0.035) than the control group. Outcomes ( p = 0.131) and survival ( p = 0.1972) were not significantly different between the groups.

Conclusion:

In this single-center Chinese EGPA cohort, cardiac manifestations are observed in 36.4% of patients, which primarily presents as myocardial involvement, pericardial effusion, and heart failure, independently associated with eosinophil count. Glucocorticoid combined with cyclophosphamide is the treatment cornerstone for EGPA patients with cardiac manifestations.
Insulin resistance in transgender individuals correlates with android fat mass
Authors: Bretherton Ingrid , Spanos Cassandra , Leemaqz Shalem Y. , Premaratne Gehan , Grossmann Mathis , Zajac Jeffrey D. , Cheung Ada S.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Transgender individuals receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) are at increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This may be related to effects on body composition and insulin resistance.

Aims:

To examine relationships between body fat distribution and insulin resistance in transgender individuals on established GAHT.

Methods:

Comparisons of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and insulin resistance [Homeostasis Model of Insulin Resistance (HOMA2-IR)] were made between transgender individuals (43 trans men and 41 trans women) on established GAHT (>12 months) and age-matched cisgender controls (30 males and 48 females). Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the relationship between HOMA2-IR and fat mass with gender, adjusting for age and total duration of GAHT and Pearson correlation coefficients are reported.

Results:

Compared with control cisgender women, trans men had mean difference of +7.8 kg (4.0, 11.5), p < 0.001 in lean mass and higher android:gynoid fat ratio [0.2 (0.1, 0.3), p < 0.001], but no difference in overall fat mass or insulin resistance. Compared with control cisgender men, trans women had median difference in lean mass of −6.9 kg (–10.6, –3.1), p < 0.001, fat mass of +9.8 kg (3.9, 14.5), p = 0.001, lower android:gynoid fat ratio −0.1 (–0.2,–0.0), p < 0.05), and higher insulin resistance 1.6 (1.3–1.9), p < 0.001). Higher HOMA2-IR correlated with higher android ( r2 = 0.712, p < 0.001) and gynoid ( r2 = 0.572, p < 0.001) fat mass in both trans men and trans women.

Conclusion:

Android fat more strongly correlates with insulin resistance than gynoid fat in transgender individuals. Higher fat mass and insulin resistance in trans women may predispose to increased cardiovascular risk. Despite adverse fat distribution, insulin resistance was not higher in trans men.
Favorable outcome of a patient with an unclassifiable myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Hemsing Anette Lodvir , Gjertsen Bjørn Tore , Spetalen Signe , Helgeland Lars , Reikvam Håkon
Published: January 2021

The entity myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm overlap syndrome is characterized by the coexistence of both myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic features in the bone marrow. Risk assessment and treatment recommendations have not been standardized, and clinicians rely on updated patient studies and reviews to make decisions for treatment approaches. Histopathological features have traditionally been important, although in the last decade, several studies have reported mutational profiles of this rare disease. Here, we present a case, wherein the patient presented with leukocytosis and the diagnostic work-up revealed features of myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm overlap syndrome. Mutational profiling revealed mutations in four genes associated with myeloid malignancies, namely, EZH2, CUX1, TET2, and BCOR. After initial therapy with hydroxyurea and interferon-α, the patient underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with reduced intensity conditioning and a matched sibling donor. He had no signs of relapsed disease 2 years after the transplant. Based on the patient outcome, we summarize the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for patients diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm overlap syndrome, and review the current literature, emphasizing the role of genetic mutations and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Larger and more detailed clinical studies are strongly needed to optimize and standardize diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this disease.
Comparative Analysis of North and South Cyprus’ Teachers’ Perceptions of Teachers’ Unions
Authors: Silman Fatoş , Güneyli Ahmet , Vaiz Osman , Karasel-Ayda Nedime
Published: January 2021

This study aims to examine the views of primary school teachers from North and South Cyprus on Teachers’ Unions. Qualitative research and a comparative case study method were used for the study. Thirty-seven primary school teachers from North and South Cyprus participated in this study. The data were obtained through interviews and analyzed by the content analysis method. The comparison of the findings of the research suggests that the functions of trade unions are related to the pressing issues of education, teachers, and the nation in both regions. Turkish Cypriots placed emphasis on education-related functions, while for Greek Cypriots teachers-related functions mattered more. Turkish Cypriot teachers assessed the functions of their unions to be more unsatisfactory than their Greek Cypriot counterparts’.
Integrative analysis of a phase 2 trial combining lenalidomide with CHOP in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Lemonnier François , Safar Violaine , Beldi-Ferchiou Asma , Cottereau Anne-Ségolène , Bachy Emmanuel , Cartron Guillaume , Fataccioli Virginie , Pelletier Laura , Robe Cyrielle , Letourneau Audrey , Missiaglia Edoardo , Fourati Slim , Moles-Moreau Marie-Pierre , Delmer Alain , Bouabdallah Reda , Voillat Laurent , Becker Stéphanie , Bossard Céline , Parrens Marie , Casasnovas Olivier , Cacheux Victoria , Régny Caroline , Camus Vincent , Delfau-Larue Marie-Hélène , Meignan Michel , de Leval Laurence , Gaulard Philippe , Haioun Corinne
Published: January 2021

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a frequent T-cell lymphoma in the elderly population that has a poor prognosis when treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone  (CHOP) therapy. Lenalidomide, which has been safely combined with CHOP to treat B-cell lymphoma, has shown efficacy as a single agent in AITL treatment. We performed a multicentric phase 2 trial combining 25 mg lenalidomide daily for 14 days per cycle with 8 cycles of CHOP21 in previously untreated AITL patients aged 60 to 80 years. The primary objective was the complete metabolic response (CMR) rate at the end of treatment. Seventy-eight of the 80 patients enrolled were included in the efficacy and safety analysis. CMR was achieved in 32 (41%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 30%-52.7%) patients, which was below the prespecified CMR rate of 55% defined as success in the study. The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 42.1% (95% CI, 30.9%-52.8%), and the 2-year overall survival was 59.2% (95% CI, 47.3%-69.3%). The most common toxicities were hematologic and led to treatment discontinuation in 15% of patients. This large prospective and uniform series of AITL treatment data was used to perform an integrative analysis of clinical, pathologic, biologic, and molecular data. TET2, RHOA, DNMT3A, and IDH2 mutations were present in 78%, 54%, 32%, and 22% of patients, respectively. IDH2 mutations were associated with distinct pathologic and clinical features and DNMT3A was associated with shorter PFS. In conclusion, the combination of lenalidomide and CHOP did not improve the CMR in AITL patients. This trial clarified the clinical impact of recurrent mutations in AITL. This trial was registered at www.clincialtrials.gov as #NCT01553786.
G-quadruplexes in H1N1 influenza genomes
Authors: Brázda Václav , Porubiaková Otília , Cantara Alessio , Bohálová Natália , Coufal Jan , Bartas Martin , Fojta Miroslav , Mergny Jean-Louis
Published: January 2021

Background

Influenza viruses are dangerous pathogens. Seventy-Seven genomes of recently emerged genotype 4 reassortant Eurasian avian-like H1N1 virus (G4-EA-H1N1) are currently available. We investigated the presence and variation of potential G-quadruplex forming sequences (PQS), which can serve as targets for antiviral treatment.

Results

PQS were identified in all 77 genomes. The total number of PQS in G4-EA-H1N1 genomes was 571. Interestingly, the number of PQS per genome in individual close relative viruses varied from 4 to 12. PQS were not randomly distributed in the 8 segments of the G4-EA-H1N1 genome, the highest frequency of PQS being found in the NP segment (1.39 per 1000 nt), which is considered a potential target for antiviral therapy. In contrast, no PQS was found in the NS segment. Analyses of variability pointed the importance of some PQS; even if genome variation of influenza virus is extreme, the PQS with the highest G4Hunter score is the most conserved in all tested genomes. G-quadruplex formation in vitro was experimentally confirmed using spectroscopic methods.

Conclusions

The results presented here hint several G-quadruplex-forming sequences in G4-EA-H1N1 genomes, that could provide good therapeutic targets.
High prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni CC21 and CC257 clonal complexes in children with gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Sarhangi Mahnaz , Bakhshi Bita , Peeraeyeh Shahin Najar
Published: January 2021

Background

Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in human worldwide. The aim of study was to assess the distribution of sialylated lipooligosaccharide (LOS) classes and capsular genotypes inC. jejuniisolated from Iranian children with gastroenteritis. Furthermore, the level ofdnaKgene expression inC. jejunistrains with selected capsular genotypes and LOS classes was intended. Moreover, a comprehensive study ofC. jejuniMLST-genotypes and inclusive comparison with peer sequences worldwide was intended.

Methods

Twenty clinicalC. jejunistrains were isolated from fecal specimens of 280 children aged 0–5 years, suspected of bacterial gastroenteritis, which admitted to 3 children hospitals from May to October, 2018. Distribution of sialylated LOS classes and specific capsular genotypes were investigated inC. jejuniof clinical origin. The expression ofdnaKinC. jejunistrains was measured by Real-Time-PCR. MLST-genotyping was performed to investigate the clonal relationship of clinicalC. jejunistrains and comparison with inclusive sequences worldwide.

Results

C. jejuniHS23/36c was the predominant genotype (45%), followed by HS2 (20%), and HS19 and HS4 (each 10%). A total of 80% of isolates were assigned to LOS class B and C. Higher expression level ofdnaKgene was detected in strains with HS23/36c, HS2 and HS4 capsular genotypes and sialylated LOS classes B or C. MLST analysis showed that isolates were highly diverse and represented 6 different sequence types (STs) and 3 clonal complexes (CCs). CC21 and CC257 were the most dominant CCs (75%) among ourC. jejunistrains. No new ST and no common ST with our neighbor countries was detected.

Conclusions

TheC. jejuniisolates with LOS class B or C, and capsular genotypes of HS23/36, HS2, HS4 and HS19 were dominant in population under study. The CC21 and CC257 were the largest CCs among our isolates. In overall picture, CC21 and CC353 complexes were the most frequently and widely distributed clonal complexes worldwide, although members of CC353 were not detected in our isolates. This provides a universal picture of movement of dominant Campylobacter strains worldwide.
Restricted TcR β chain CDR3 clonotype is associated with resolved acute hepatitis B subjects
Authors: Xiao Dangsheng , Wang Ju , Chen Zhitao , Jin Xiuyuan , Xie Yirui , Yan Dong , Yang Jiezuan
Published: January 2021

Background

T cells play an important role in the prognosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and are involved in the seroconversion of a patient from HBsAb negative to positive. To compare the T-cell receptor β-chain variable region (TcRBV) complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) in subjects with or without hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) convert to hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), the TcRBV was determined using high throughput sequencing (HTS).

Methods

The clonotype and diversity of CDR3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of subjects with resolved acute hepatitis B (AHB, HBsAb+, HBsAg-) (n = 5), chronic hepatitis B (CHB, HBsAb-, HBsAg+) (n = 5), and healthy controls (HC, HBsAb-, HBsAg-) (n = 3) were determined and analyzed using HTS (MiSeq).

Results

The overlapping rate of CDR3 clones of any two samples in AHB group was 2.00% (1.74% ~ 2.30%), CHB group was 1.77% (1.43% ~ 2.61%), and HC group was 1.82% (1.62% ~ 2.12%), and there was no significant difference among the three groups by Kruskal-Wallis H test. However, among the top 10 cumulative frequencies of clonotypes, only the frequency of clonotype (TcRBV20–1/BD1/BJ1–2) in AHB group was lower than that of HC group (P < 0.001). Moreover, exclude the 10 top clonotypes, there are 57 markedly different frequency of clones between AHB and CHB groups (18 clones up, 39 clones down), 179 (180–1) different clones between AHB and HC groups, and 134 different clones between CHB and HC groups. With regard to BV and BJ genotypes, there was no significant different frequency among the groups. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the diversity of TcRBV CDR3 among the three groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Thus, there are 57 TcRBV clonotypes that may be related to HBsAg seroconversion of AHB subjects, but the diversity of TcRBV CDR3 is not significantly related to the HBsAb positive status.
Light chain deposition disease involving kidney and liver in a patient with IgD myeloma
Authors: Tsushima Takafumi , Suzuki Tomo , Terao Toshiki , Miura Daisuke , Narita Kentaro , Takeuchi Masami , Shimuzu Akira , Matsue Kosei
Published: January 2021

Background

IgD multiple myeloma (MM) is a rare subtype of MM and light chain deposition disease (LCDD) outside the kidney is also a rare and has scarcely been reported. We report herein the details of the first reported case of LCDD involving the kidney and liver co-occurring with IgD myeloma.

Case presentation

A 66-year-old female with IgD MM presented with rapidly progressive acute renal failure, ascites and pleural effusion. Immunofluorescent study of revealed the characteristic linear deposition of Igκlight chain along the glomerular and tubular basement membrane in kidney. Electron microscopy showed the powdery electron-dense deposits along the tubular and glomerular basement membrane consistent with the diagnosis of LCDD. Laser microdissection followed by mass spectrometry identified only Igκ light chain with more than 95% probability confirm the diagnosis of κ-LCDD but not heavy/light chain deposition disease. Liver biopsy with immunofluorescence study revealed the linear deposition of Igκ chain along the perisinusoidal space indicating the hepatic involvement of κ-LCDD. The patient was successfully treated with combination therapy with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone, and daratumumab.

Conclusions

This report emphasizes that prompt biopsy of affected organs and initiation of clone directed therapy led to the correct diagnosis and favorable outcome in patient with LCDD who has extrarenal involvement.
Clinical impact of creatine phosphokinase and c-reactive protein as predictors of postgastrectomy complications in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Okubo Keishi , Arigami Takaaki , Matsushita Daisuke , Kijima Takashi , Shimonosono Masataka , Uenosono Yoshikazu , Yanagita Shigehiro , Kurahara Hiroshi , Mori Shinichiro , Ohtsuka Takao , Natsugoe Shoji
Published: January 2021

Background

Postoperative complications have been linked to the morbidity and mortality of several cancers. However, predicting whether complications will occur in the early period after surgery or not is challenging. Hence, this study aimed to examine the diagnostic accuracy of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and c-reactive protein (CRP) in predicting the development of postgastrectomy complications.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 188 patients with gastric cancer (GC) who underwent gastrectomy. The diagnostic accuracy of serum CPK and CRP was investigated using the areas under the curves (AUC). The CPK ratio was defined as the CPK on postoperative day (POD) 1 to the CPK on a preoperative day.

Results

Out of 188 patients, 48 (25.5%) developed postoperative complications. The complications group had a greater operative time (p = 0.037), higher CPK ratio on POD1 (p < 0.0001), and a higher serum CRP level on POD3 (p = 0.001). The AUC for the CPK ratio was 0.772, with an optimal cutoff value of 7.05, whereas that for CRP was 0.659, with an optimal cutoff value of 11.4 mg/L. The CPK ratio on POD1 (p < 0.0001) and the CRP on POD3 (p = 0.007) were independent factors for predicting the development of postgastrectomy complications. The CPK ratio on POD1 and the CRP on POD3 predicted postgastrectomy complications in 41 patients (85.4%). According to combined value of both CPK ratio and CRP level, the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value was 0.70 and 0.829. And sensitivity and specificity were 0.438 and 0.936.

Conclusion

The CPK ratio on POD1 and the CRP on POD3 after gastrectomy for GC were predictive factors for complication development and may be employed to prevent the development of such complications and improve the prognosis of patients with GC.
Correlation between improvement in visual acuity and QOL after Ranibizumab treatment for age-related macular degeneration patients: QUATRO study
Authors: Oshima Yuji , Ishibashi Yumi , Umeda Naoyasu , Nagata Tatsuo , Yoshida Shigeo , Uchio Eiichi , Kondo Hiroyuki , Sonoda Koh-hei , Ishibashi Tatsuro
Published: January 2021

Background

To evaluate the correlation between visual acuity improvement and vision-related QOL after ranibizumab treatment in Japanese patients with AMD.

Methods

In this one-year prospective, interventional, open-label, multicenter study involving four sites, patients with neovascular AMD were enrolled and observed for 12 months. Treatment-naïve patients received 0.5 mg ranibizumab as needed after three initial monthly doses. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) were measured at every visit. Evaluations with the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) and patient satisfaction questionnaire were performed at baseline and 3 and 12 months after initial treatment. The primary endpoint was change in BCVA and QOL 3 months after ranibizumab treatment. QOL outcomes were also assessed in the better and poor BVCA subgroups.

Results

The study enrolled 100 patients. The mean logMAR BCVA after treatment improved significantly from 0.43 to 0.30 at 3 months (p< 0.0001), and 0.28 at 12 months (p< 0.0001). The mean NEI-VFQ-25 composite scores improved from 79.48 to 84.13 at 3 months (p< 0.0001), and 86.0 at 12 months (p< 0.0001). The 3 and 12-month changes in NEI-VFQ-25 score and BCVA showed significant correlation. In the poor baseline visual acuity group (decimal BCVA ≤0.5), there was a significant correlation between the changes in the NEI-VFQ-25 score and BCVA (p=0.02) but not in the better baseline visual acuity group (decimal BCVA > 0.6, p=0.1) at 3 months. There were no significant differences in the satisfaction questionnaire score from baseline to at 3 months (p=0.54) and 12 months (p=0.23). The average CMT improved significantly from 340 to 264 μm at 3 months (p< 0.0001) and to 268 μm at 12 months (p< 0.0001).

Conclusions

Intravitreal ranibizumab treatment resulted in improvement in visual acuity, anatomical change, and visual function change in Japanese AMD patients. Significant improvement was seen in patient visual function, and this was correlated with changes in VA, except immediately after loading dose treatment in patients with higher baseline VA. The patients’ satisfaction with the treatment remained unchanged during the study period.

Trial registration

This study is registered at UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000012013). Registered October 10, 2013, as prospective study.
Body mass index and mild cognitive impairment among rural older adults in China: the moderating roles of gender and age
Authors: Yuan Yemin , Li Jie , Zhang Nan , Fu Peipei , Jing Zhengyue , Yu Caiting , Zhao Dan , Hao Wenting , Zhou Chengchao
Published: January 2021

Background

Evidence concerning the association between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive function among older people is inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate gender and age as moderators in association between BMI and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among rural older adults.

Methods

Data were derived from the 2019 Health Service for Rural Elderly Families Survey in Shandong, China. In total, 3242 people aged 60 years and above were included in the analysis. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was used to examine the moderating roles of gender and age, then further to explore the relationship between BMI and MCI.

Results

There were 601 (18.5%) participants with MCI. Compared with normal BMI group, low BMI group had a higher risk of MCI among older people [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26–3.44], women (aOR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.35–3.12), or the older elderly aged ≥75 years old (aOR = 3.20, 95% CI: 1.34–7.45). This effect remained statistically significant among older women (aOR = 3.38, 95% CI: 1.69–6.73). Among older men, elevated BMI group had a higher risk of MCI (aOR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.17–4.61) than normal BMI group.

Conclusions

Gender and age moderated the association between BMI and MCI among Chinese rural older adults. Older women with low BMI were more likely to have MCI, but older men with elevated BMI were more likely to have MCI. These findings suggest rural community managers strengthen the health management by grouping the weight of older people to prevent the risk of dementia.