bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation For Flight: The Physical Profile of Pre-Professional and Professional Circus Artists in the United States
Authors: Greenspan Stephanie J , Stuckey Melanie I
Published: May 2024

Background

Established norms for fitness and performance measures are lacking in circus arts. These would assist healthcare professionals and coaches to screen for readiness to participate in training or performance, determine post-injury return to performance, and develop targeted conditioning programs.

Purpose

The purpose of this research was to establish norms for trunk and extremity physical exam and performance measures in circus artists by professional status, assigned sex at birth (ASAB), and age.

Study Design

Descriptive laboratory study

Methods

Circus artists (n=201; ages 13-69y; 172 females ASAB, 29 males ASAB) from 10 cities across the United States underwent a baseline physical examination including shoulder, hip and trunk measures of passive (PROM) and active (AROM) range of motion, measures of flexibility (shoulder and hip), strength (manual muscle tests, grip strength), cardiovascular fitness (3 minute-step test), balance (single limb and handstand), and performance, (pull-ups, and the closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test [CKCUEST]). ANOVAs were used to determine between group differences by age and T-tests to discern differences by ASAB or professional status.

Results

Differences existed by professional status for shoulder external rotation PROM, hip PROM, hip flexibility, shoulder and abdominal strength, and cardiovascular fitness. Sex differences were seen in active scapular upward rotation, hip and shoulder PROM and flexibility, hip and grip strength, and for functional performance measures (pull-ups, CKCUEST). Differences by age were limited to active scapular upward rotation, shoulder PROM, flexibility and strength, cardiovascular fitness, and balance. Overall, professionals outperformed pre-professionals for lower abdominal strength, pull-ups, handstand balance, cardiovascular fitness, hamstring, and straddle flexibility. Generally, males ASAB demonstrated greater shoulder flexibility and upper body functional strength while females ASAB had greater hip and lumbar flexibility and hip strength. No measures showed consistent declines with increasing age, though some showed differences between adolescents and adults.

Conclusion

These normative values for physical characteristics and functional performance in pre-professional and professional circus artists may be used to guide screening for readiness to participate in advanced training or performance, return to performance after injury, and the development of targeted strength and conditioning programs.

Level of Evidence

3
Associations Between Hip Pathology, Hip and Groin Pain, and Injuries in Hockey Athletes: A Clinical Commentary
Authors: Kelly Matt , Secomb Josh
Published: May 2024

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), particularly cam morphology, is highly prevalent among elite hockey athletes. Moreover, hip and groin pain has become a common issue in hockey, with approximately 50% of European professional athletes reported to experience a hip or groin problem during a season. While most athletes will not miss training or competition due to this, restricted competitive performance and increased risk of reduced physical and psychological well-being are likely. Recent research suggests that the development of cam morphology is related to the repetitive shear stresses experienced at the hip joint during adolescence from skating. This condition likely increases the potential for intra-articular and extra-articular injuries in these athletes later in their careers. Research also indicates that the hip joint mechanics during forward skating substantially increase the possibility of sustaining a labral tear compared to other sports. Such an injury can increase femoral head movement within the joint, potentially causing secondary damage to the iliofemoral ligament, ligamentum teres and joint capsule. These injuries and the high density of nociceptors in the affected structures may explain the high prevalence of hip and groin pain in hockey athletes. Compensatory adaptations, such as reduced hip strength, stability, and range-of-motion (ROM) likely increase the opportunity for core muscle injuries and hip flexor and adductor injuries. Specifically, the limited hip ROM associated with cam morphology appears to exacerbate the risk of these injuries as there will be an increase in pubic symphysis stress and transverse strain during rotational movements. It is hoped that this article will assist practitioners currently working with hockey athletes to develop evidence-informed monitoring strategies and training interventions, aimed at reducing the incidence and severity of hip and groin problems, ultimately enhancing athlete performance and well-being. Therefore, the purpose of this clinical commentary was to examine current evidence on common hip pathologies in hockey athletes, exploring potential associations between hip and groin pain and the biomechanics of hockey activities.

Level of Evidence

5
The Utilization of Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Gluteus Medius Tendon Pathology: A Perspective for Rehabilitation Providers
Authors: Manske Robert C. , Wolfe Chris , Page Phil , Voight Michael L. , Bardowski Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

Gluteus medius tendon pathology, encompassing tendinopathy and tears, is a significant source of lateral hip pain and functional impairment. Traditional diagnostic approaches have relied on clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the advent of diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) has transformed the evaluation process. Musculoskeletal ultrasound has emerged as a highly valuable diagnostic tool in the evaluation of gluteus medius tendon pathology, offering a non-invasive, cost-effective, and dynamic assessment method. This modality provides real-time visualization of soft tissue, enabling the detailed examination of tendon structure, vascularity, and associated musculature. For rehabilitation providers, understanding the application, strengths, and limitations of diagnostic MSKUS can enhance clinical decision-making, facilitate targeted therapeutic interventions, and potentially expedite the recovery process. This article reviews the application of MSKUS in diagnosing gluteus medius tendon pathology and its implications for rehabilitation practice. This should help to equip rehabilitation professionals with knowledge to better integrate this diagnostic tool into their clinical repertoire.
Digital Currencies in Cross-Border Payments: Use under Sanctions
Authors: Krylova L. V.
Published: May 2024

The digital transformation of the world economy has updated the issues of using digital technologies in the system of cross-border payments. The key moment was the introduction of virtual currencies into monetary systems and payment turnover. The circulation of cryptocurrencies along with fiat money in the global economy has created paradoxical situations that require research both scientific, theoretical and applied context. The subject of the study is the payment functionality of digital currencies. The purpose of the study is to explore the possibility of using central bank cryptocurrencies and digital currencies for cross-border payments within the existing traditional financial system, both in the general context and with the application of sanctions restrictions that hamper international settlements in traditional methods. In the process of research, content analysis, retrospective analysis, methods of logical and comparative analysis were used. This study is one of the first to explore the possibility of using bitcoin in cross-border payments under sanctions restrictions. It is shown that the volatility of cryptocurrencies is the most important characteristic that limits their use as payment instruments, but this risk can be neutralized by using cryptocurrency as a transit instrument, as a temporary intermediary in the exchange of fiat currencies. The conclusion is made about the possibility of using cryptocurrencies as a transit instrument in the implementation of exports and imports settlements in toxic currencies of unfriendly countries, and to use the Central Bank Digital Currencies in cross-border settlements within the framework of integration and non-integration interstate associations with the participation of Russia.
Modified Method of Chain Substitutions as an Alternative to the Integral Method of Economic Analysis
Authors: Kirillov Yu. V.
Published: May 2024

The aim is to present the results of the development of a modified method of chain substitutions, which is based on the use of the arithmetic mean sum of the results of the influence of each factor on the indicator of interest, taking into account the priority of each factor in all possible variants. At the same time, from the point of view of accuracy, the results obtained using the modified technique practically do not differ from the results of the integral method, however, they exceed it in terms of using a simpler mathematical apparatus. The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that in modern economic conditions (noticeably increased inflation, problems with energy prices), the issue of applying methods of deterministic factor analysis of expenses and incomes becomes especially significant in order to determine the size of the impact of each factor on a specific economic indicator as accurately as possible. However, the chain substitution method used in the vast majority of cases for deterministic factor analysis is inferior in accuracy to the integral method. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the author uses strict mathematical proofs of the coincidence of the accuracy of the results of the modified methodology and the integral method for various types of deterministic factor models (additive, multiplicative, multiple), which are supported by real practical calculations. Conclusions: the proposed modified method of chain substitutions, due to its mathematical simplicity and proven accuracy of the results obtained, can be widely used in real practical calculations using methods of economic analysis, especially taking into account the computer implementation of algorithms developed in this technique.
Transformation of Various Measures of Financial Risks with their Limitation on Outcomes Associated with Losses
Authors: Minasyan V. B.
Published: May 2024

In assessing the risk of investing in various financial assets, risk management focuses on the analysis of the worst possible losses (the right tail of the loss distribution). At the same time, most often, when speaking about losses, it is assumed that losses can, in principle, take on negative values (which corresponds to receiving positive profits). However, there are many theoretical studies suggesting that losses take only positive values. Many risk managers use only a portion of the sample of data that corresponds to positive losses when assessing the relevant risk measures using the statistical method or the Monte Carlo method. The purpose of this paper is to study the transformation of risk estimates of various levels of catastrophicity with such a change in the space of elementary events, and hence the law of loss distribution. The paper uses methods of analysis of financial risks of various levels of catastrophicity, including methods developed in the author’s previous papers. As a result of the study, it turned out that with such a transformation of the random value of losses, all the most important estimates are significantly transformed with the help of risk measures of various catastrophicity. The author concludes that the theoretical conclusions of the work will also contribute to a more conscious understanding of the theoretical results and the results of practical risk assessments, depending on the basis on which this assessment was made: allowing losses to accept negative values or focusing only on their positive values.
Screening-Evaluation of Regional Investment Projects for the Provision of State Financial Support Measures
Authors: Kosorukova I. V. , Loseva O. V. , Fedotova M. A.
Published: May 2024

The object of the study is regional investment projects (RIPS). The subject of the study is a methodological toolkit for assessing the investment attractiveness of regional projects, including criteria, indicators, methods and stages of making informed decisions about government financial support measures in relation to them. The relevance of the study is due to the state’s interest in the socio-economic development of regions under the conditions of sanctions pressure and the need to ensure effective spending of budget funds allocated to regional investment projects, which requires the formation of new methodological recommendations for evaluating projects implemented within the framework of state financial support measures. The purpose of the study is to develop methodological recommendations for screening and evaluating regional investment projects in order for public authorities to make informed decisions on providing financial support. The methods of comparative analysis, classification, regulatory regulation, statistical indicators, screening and investment assessment, and the method of hierarchy analysis were used. Methodological recommendations on screening assessment of regional investment projects are proposed, within the framework of which: 1) the characteristics of RIP are identified and their classification is considered; 2) the criteria for assessing the investment attractiveness of the project and its contractor (partner) are defined: general (the purpose of the RIP, its significance, the quality of project documentation) and special (economic, budgetary, social, environmental efficiency, performance feasibility, compliance with ESG principles of doing business, business image); 3) evaluation indicators and their thresholds, the achievement of which means the expediency of investing budget funds in the project. It is concluded that in order to make a decision on the provision of state financial support to RIP, it is necessary to achieve target values by indicators corresponding to three components: “State” (customer), “Project” and “Partner (contractor). At the same time, using the hierarchy analysis method, it was found that the investment attractiveness of the contractor has the greatest importance (weight) when choosing a project. The choice of the performer is based on screening of applicants according to the specified criteria.
A Comparative study of the Envisaged and Definite Stock Prices of BSE SMEs Using RNN during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kaur S. , Munde A. , Goyal A. K.
Published: May 2024

The stock market is unstable, but the use of machine learning algorithms allows to predict its future dynamics before spending. The most popular area of scientific research right nowadays is machine learning, which involves enabling computers to perform tasks that often require human intelligence. The purpose of this paper is to construct a model using a network of Long-Short Term Memory model (LSTM) to forecast future stock market values. The paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of machine learning for assessing and forecasting the stock market. A review of literature on the application of machine learning models in key areas of finance using methodological model assessment and data manipulation is also available. This paper focuses on the losses of the SME sector due to COVID-19 by doing a comparative study using secondary data collection between the predicted closed stock prices and actual stock prices of the BSE SME IPO index for the period from 1 January 2018 to 30 April 2021.The LSTM network of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) most effective deep learning model, is used to predict stock prices. The study provides insight and direction on where lockdown has a massive impact on the stock prices of BSE SME IPOs. The authors developed a model for predicting the future value of stock in the market, the application of which gave some positive results, demonstrating the need for machine learning and how it can change the world of finance. The novelty of the study is that in India, machine learning and deep learning methods in the field of finance are used much less often than in other countries.
Capital Adequacy Ratio — a Panacea for Indian Banks during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fatima N. , Singhal N. , Goyal S. , Sheikh R. , Sharma P.
Published: May 2024

A stable financial system acts as a catalyst for the economic growth and development of a country. The healthy banking sector is the core of a sustainable economy as banks act as intermediaries between depositors and lenders of money. In the surge of the COVID-19 pandemic, the financial sector witnessed significant transitions in terms of digital transformation. In India, the banking sector has remained resilient throughout the pandemic due to government and regulators’ policy efforts and the maintenance of capital adequacy requirements. Banks have maintained higher capital buffers, better liquidity requirements, and lower leverage, cushions against pandemic shock. In the present paper, the researcher provides a conceptual elucidation of Basel norms, analyzes the component-wise Capital to Risk-Weighted Asset Ratio (CRAR) of Indian Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) and examines the CRAR position of SCBs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also evaluated the distribution of SCBs by CRAR and examined the capital ratios of public, private, and foreign sector banks from 2016 to 2022. The ANOVA analysis output revealed a significant difference in the CRAR of public, private, and foreign banks. The study concludes that adequate CAR levels help banks mitigate the risks that arise during pandemic crises and aid them in conducting their banking operations effortlessly. Further, it concludes that public sector banks (PSBs) still lag behind their counterparts in maintaining adequate CRAR, and hence, they need to reduce the accumulation of risk-weighted assets (RWA).
Assessing the Feasibility of Establishing special Economic Zones: Geo-economic Mapping Method
Authors: Sapir E. V. , Karachev I. A.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the study is to systematize factors of successful and sustainable functioning of special economic zones, as well as to develop tools to map of zones on a map of a country with the competitive advantages of individual territories identified therein in order to make recommendations for improving the zonal policy. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in the context of global shocks, a special preferential regime, flexible governance models of special economic zones are not determinants of their successful application in order to promote national investment strategies. The geo-economic advantages of the territories within which the special economic zones operate come to the fore. Such advantages are the basis for the formation of poles of economic, commercial, industrial and innovative growth. The use of methods of theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and empirical (comparison, measurement) research allowed the authors to reveal the content of effects associated with the functioning of special zones, to highlight the problems of their measurement; to generalize the features of preferential regimes of Russia; to systematize the geo-economic factors of successful and sustainable operation of special zones. The method of geo-economic mapping was used to identify the correspondence between the competitive advantages of territories and special zones created within their borders. As a result, it is proposed to classify key geo-economic factors that determine the potential successful functioning of special zones into three groups: spatial, economic and organizational. These groups of factors, according to the authors, should be considered in terms of formation and retention of geo-economic advantages: general, caused by public management and specialized. The method of geo-economic mapping identifies regions whose special zones correspond to the level of development of the identified geo-economic advantages, as well as those whose conditions are most likely not to maximize the effect of the special zones localized in their territory. It is recommended to establish a system for monitoring the conformity of specialization of regions with the profile of special economic zones established within their borders.
Central Banks Digital Currencies for Cross-Border Payments: Interoperability Models and Implementation Possibilities
Authors: Kochergin D. A.
Published: May 2024

The study is devoted to the use of central bank digital currencies in cross-border settlements. The purpose of the paper is to identify the capacity of cross-border settlements using multi-CBDC/mCBCD mechanisms based on different interoperability models. The study identified the main problems of modern cross-border settlements and the possible risks associated with the implementation of mCBDCs. The features of various models of interoperability in mCBDCs arrangements are revealed and prospects of their use are defined. It was concluded that the main problems of traditional cross-border settlements are legacy technology platforms, fragmented data presentation formats; complex processing of compliance checks; long transaction chains and etc. It was identified that the main risks associated with the implementation of mCBDCs are: “digital dollarization”, international “spillover effects” of economic and financial shocks, the use of digital currency for tax evasion and supervision of the domestic monetary system and financial market, etc. The obtained results allowed us to conclude that among the three main models of interoperability of mCBDCs, the single system model is the most prospect, since it allows to mitigate of cross-border and cross-currency risks, expand opportunities for infrastructure integration and technical compatibility, reduce the number of intermediaries and improves the security of settlements. In order to successfully implement mCBDC projects, in addition to the chosen operating model, a sufficiently high overall level of technological and infrastructural development of national CBDC systems, as well as economic and geopolitical interest in carrying out cross-border settlements between participating countries.
(NON)COMPUTER-ORIENTED TESTING IN HIGHER EDUCATION: VIEWS OF THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS ON (IN)CONVENIENCE USING
Authors: Starosta Volodymyr
Published: May 2024

The article focuses the problems of using computer-based testing learning outcomes under modern conditions of accelerated development of distance and blended learning. The aim of the study is to identify and compare the views of the participants of the educational process in higher education (students, PhD students, university teachers) on convenience using during computer-based testing as compared to paper-based testing and oral-based testing. The author included 3206 respondents in the anonymous online survey in 2020-2023, including 2897 students (Bachelor and Master students), 140 PhD students, and 169 university teachers; used IBM SPSS Statistics 23 for statistical analyses. There are research results: the convenience of testing improves in the direction (the mean values of convenience and the corresponding percentages of respondents): computer-based testing – students (М=3,68; 58,3%) → university teachers (M=3,81; 65,7%) → PhD students (M=4,31; 84,3%); paper-based testing – students (M=3,21; 42,2%) → PhD students (M=3,28; 44,3%) → university teachers (M=3,46; 54,6%); oral-based testing – students (M=2,49; 19,9%) → PhD students (M=2,84; 31,4%) → university teachers (M=3,69; 60,8%). Oral-based testing is the least convenient for students and PhD students. Paper-based testing is the least convenient for university teachers. Respondents have maximum convenience during computer-based testing for all studied groups. The t-test shows a statistically significant difference (p≤0,05) of the convenience testing in the majority of compared independent groups (students, PhD students, university teachers). The author obtained the results in dynamics over four years: convenience increases in the direction oral-based testing → paper-based testing → computer-based testing for all groups according to various characteristics (educational level, gender, specialty, form of education, year of the survey). The study shows that in most cases there are no statistically significant differences (p≤0,05) of the convenience testing in the following cases: between all independent students groups for all testing forms according to the feature «form of education»; according to the feature «academic performance level» for computer-based testing. We believe that the obtained results regarding the (in)convenience testing of participants in the educational process should be taken into account in the practice of higher education institutions.
USAGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATION INSTITUTION
Authors: Familyarskaya Larissa
Published: May 2024

Artificial intelligence technology plays a decisive role in various spheres of life, including education. Modern preschools are faced with the need to adapt to the requirements of the modern world, where technology is a mandatory component. The article defines the regulatory and legal principles of using artificial intelligence technologies in the field of education. Based on the study and systematization of the results of scientific research, directions and methods of using artificial intelligence in the educational field have been identified. Scientific-pedagogical guidelines for the use of generative models of artificial intelligence in a preschool education institution are justified from the author's point of view. Modern possibilities of using artificial intelligence technology in the educational process of a preschool education institution are presented, in particular, the features of using artificial intelligence by parents of preschool children. Also, practical aspects of the use of artificial intelligence by specialists in a preschool education institution are proposed, in particular, ChatGPT, Quillbot, Google Gemini, Vocal Remover. The importance of the right approach to the implementation of artificial intelligence in the educational process to ensure efficiency and safety for children is emphasized. The results of the surveys of parents of preschoolers and specialists of preschool education institutions regarding the potential of using artificial intelligence in preschool education for the development of children are summarized, which requires a careful approach and cooperation between teachers, parents, and the administration of preschool education institutions. The use of artificial intelligence in preschool education is a promising direction that can provide support for preschool education specialists, make the learning process more interesting for children, and contribute to their intellectual development. Therefore, research and development of practices for the use of artificial intelligence in preschool education is an important component of the effective implementation of these technologies.
Şiirde Ton ve Eda
Authors: Can Adem
Published: May 2024

Bütün sanatlarda yer alan ton kavramı şiirde biraz belirsizdir. Bu yüzden şiir tahlili ve tenkidinde fazla rağbet görmemiştir. Türk edebiyatında da yeteri kadar dikkate alınmaz. Aslında klasik Türk sanatlarında başka adlarla mevcuttur. Özellikle klasik Türk musikisinde çok iyi bilinir. Fakat şiir bahsinde farklı kelime ve terkiplerle nadiren ifade edilir. Tanzimat’tan sonra belagat çerçevesinde bazı tasniflere tâbi tutulmuştur. Kavram eski olsa da “ton” kelimesinin Türkçeye girişi yenidir. Antik Yunanca menşeli ton kelimesi Türkçeye 20. yüzyılın başlarında Fransızcadan girmiştir. İlk defa yer aldığı Türkçe sözlüklerde bire bir tercüme edilmeyip kelimenin kavramına uygun karşılıklar aranmıştır. Bulunan en isabetli karşılıklardan birisi eda kelimesidir. Bu kelime sonraları ton kelimesinin yerini alamamıştır. Böylece ton ve eda kelimeleri kavram anlamları itibariyle kısmen farklılaşarak günümüze kadar gelmiştir. Bugün şiirle ilgili çalışmalarda birbirini tamamlayan iki anahtar kavram niteliği kazanmışlardır. Bu kavramlar vuzuha kavuşturuldukları takdirde şiir tahlili ve tenkidine önemli katkı sağlayacaklardır. Zaten şiirin kurucu unsurları arasında yer alırlar. Bu yazının amacı, ton ve eda kavramlarını mümkün mertebe vuzuha kavuşturarak şiirde tonlamanın önemine dikkat çekmektir.
HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENTS TO MANAGE URETHRAL STRICTURES
Authors: Iqbal Zahid
Published: May 2024

The history of the urethral stricture is a fascinating story spanning over three thousand years. It shows the continuous human struggle to overcome the problem of stricture urethra. It not only highlights the progress of medicine and application of modern technology but also its failure to offer a relative cure of this disease. The earliest recorded attempts to treat urethral stricture dates back to the sixth century B.C., when metal and wood dilators were described in the Ayurved (Schmidt et al 1980). The procedure was little changed over the next 2,400 years. Dilatation was done with stalks of plants, feathers, papyrus rolls in Egypt, catheters of copper and bronze in Pompei, metal dilators and “explorers” of the Arabian surgeons. Candles, silk tissues leading finally to plastic catheters were used to dilate strictures in  Algerian town called Bujiyah. This town was famous for its honey and beewax in the mediaeval times. The French named their dilators “bougies” and were followed by others. Americans refer to urethral dilators as “sounds” from the metal instrument used to detect bladder calculi by clicking against them before the days of x-rays. Today the words “bougie and sound” are interchangeable.
Detection of Megakaryocyte Cell Structure Through Artificial Intelligence Tools
Authors: Jabbar Shaima Ibraheem , Aladi Abathar Qahtan
Published: May 2024

Recent research has focused on analysing megakaryocyte images to extract the information needed to track the progression of nervous system diseases. Segmentation is a fundamental step in describing and analysing the core contents of megakaryocytes, including the cytoplasm and nucleus. In this study, 45 megakaryocyte images were obtained. A new segmentation image technique was proposed, called the updating fuzzy c-means technique, through the intelligent selection of the centres of each cluster to separate cell components. The first step of this technique (fuzzification) was based on a knowledge analysis of the local parameters (entropy, contrast and standard deviation) that had a substantial influence on the grey-level distribution between the cytoplasm and nucleus. The second important step was the construction of fuzzy rules in terms of the variation in these local parameters to control the intelligent pick-out or update the centroid of each cluster and obtain a successful separation of the cytoplasm and nucleus. The final step was defuzzification to obtain the output images. The results revealed the superiority of the proposed method over recent technique. The accuracy of the segmented nucleus was greater than 7.46%; in the case of the cytoplasm, the accuracy was higher at 18%. These results indicated that this technique may be applied on other biomedical images.
Strategies of Nanocarrier-Based Therapeutic Drug Delivery
Authors: Salih Walaa A. , Al-Taie Alaa A.
Published: May 2024

In recent years, nanoparticles have gained significant attention in the field of cancer treatment due to their extensive potential and wide range of uses. The research mostly focuses on the inorganic chemicals, with a specific emphasis on metals, in order to enhance the comprehension of  functional nanoparticles synthesis. This undertaking is motivated by the distinctive characteristics exhibited by these materials, which provide significant advantages for both fundamental scientific inquiry and practical implementations, notably those focused on cancer. The objective of this review is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the diverse applications of nanocomposites, with a specific focus on their utilization in medication delivery.
Aquatic invertebrates of watercourses of the Republican landscape reserve “Naliboksky” (Belarus)
Authors: Baitchorov V. M. , Moroz M. D. , Hihiniak Yu. G. , Giginyak I. Ju.
Published: May 2024

Studies of watercourses of the Republican landscape reserve “Naliboksky” have revealed 134 lower defined taxa (LDTs) belonging to 3 types of invertebrates: Mollusca – 25, Annelida – 8, Arthropoda – 101 LDTs. A total of 106 taxonomic elements were identified to the species, of which 68 were new to the water bodies of the reserve. From 18 to 54 LTDs were collected in each watercourse. The average number of identified LTDs in the watercourse was 31.9 LTDs. The number of aquatic invertebrates in the studied watercourses varied from 18 to 776 specimens, the average value of this indicator was 234.6 specimens. Among the collected aquatic invertebrates, a protected species were identified – Brachytron pratense (Müller, 1764), as well as a poorly studied species in Belarus Gomphus flavipes Charpentier, 1825. Among the identified hydrobionts in the watercourses of the landscape reserve “Naliboksky”, 23 species are included in the Red Lists of a number of European countries.

Thus, the fauna of the studied animals in the watercourses of the Republican landscape reserve “Naliboksky” is relatively rich and represented by rare and protected animal species in Belarus and Europe.
Urban population of blackbird (Turdus merula) in Minsk: identical scenario of the origin two centuries later
Authors: Sakhvon V. V. , Homel K. V. , Semionova A. A. , Nikiforov M. E.
Published: May 2024

A recently formed urban group of blackbirds in Minsk differs from forest populations of the species in several ecological characteristics. In the western part of Europe, blackbirds began moving into cities around two hundred years ago, starting from Germany. It was assumed that later birds from the urban population began moving from one city to another in the eastern, northern, and southern directions. Based on the results of the molecular genetic analysis, it is clarified whether the blackbird population in Belarus is a single population or whether there exists a differentiation between groups from urban and forest habitats. To perform a microsatellite analysis, samples were collected from urban (п = 15) and forest (п = 21) blackbirds from different regions of Belarus.

It was discovered that there is a constant exchange of genes within and between the populations from natural and urban habitats. The obtained data suggest the local origin of blackbirds in Minsk, which means that the formation of the urban birds is happening in the same way as in Germany almost two centuries ago.
Influence of some abiotic factors on the apple stressassociated protein gene expression profiles
Authors: Kuzmitskaya P. V. , Karaleva K. S. , Urbanovich O. Yu.
Published: May 2024

In plants, stress-associated proteins (SAP) play a crucial role in responding to adverse biotic and abiotic factors. In this study, we evaluated the expression profiles of 14 apple SAP genes (MdSAP) under the influence of low and high temperatures, as well as salinity, using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results showed that the most significant changes in expression levels were observed in the genes MdSAP11, MdSAP2, and MdSAP3 under high temperature conditions, MdSAP1, MdSAP2, MdSAP4, and MdSAP6 under low temperature conditions, and MdSAP1, MdSAP8, and MdSAP11 under salt stress. Furthermore, there was a tendency for gene expression to increase at 2 and/or 4 hours of exposure followed by a decrease at 24 hours. The analysis of the correlation between the expression levels of MdSAP genes revealed both positive and negative linear relationships.

These findings will help elucidate the specific roles of individual SAP genes in shaping the apple stress response to low and high temperatures, as well as salinity.
Determination of reference ranges of blood biochemical markers for track and field athletes considering specialization and preparation period
Authors: Shvedava N. V. , Gilep I. L.
Published: May 2024

The analysis of blood biochemistry data in high-performance sports is necessary to calculate reference ranges under the influence of physical activity. The athletes of the national team of the Republic of Belarus and the nearest reserve were studied. Reference ranges of some biochemical and hematological blood parameters for athletes have been determined. The ranges of creatine kinase activity, the upper limit of the ranges of aspartate aminotransferase activity, and the lower limit of hemoglobin and hematocrit indicators have the greatest variability. In track and field athletes in long-distance running, they are higher compared to the clinical norm. The reference ranges of alanine aminotransferase activity, glucose, urea, and triglyceride concentrations have a narrower range compared to the clinical norm.
Modern endogenous geological processes in the territory of Central Belarus
Authors: Matveyev A. V. , Kukharik E. A.
Published: May 2024

The article examines the manifestation features of modern endogenous geological processes in the territory of Central Belarus. A scheme of their distribution has been constructed. A comprehensive methodology has been used to study these processes. It includes the analysis of published and fund materials, multi-age geological, geomorphological, topographic maps of different scales, remote sensing data and the results of field and route observations, measurements at geodynamic testing sites, cartometric and cartographic works. It has been established that despite the location of the region in the western part of the Precambrian East European Platform, the processes of modern endogenous geodynamics develop quite diversely and with varying intensity within its boundaries. They are expressed in the activation of linear faults (faults, cosmoand topolineaments), ring structures, vertical and horizontal displacements of the earth’s crust and its shaking (seismicity).
Nutrient composition of berries of varieties and elite forms of gooseberry of I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center selection
Authors: Akimov M. Yu. , Zhbanova Y. V. , Mironov A. M. , Khromov N. V.
Published: May 2024

The current global trend of popularizing a healthy lifestyle and increased interest in healthy foods largely determines increased consumption of berries. Expansion of the chemical composition database of large and small fruit crops is considered highly important for calculation of rational norms of food consumption that meet modern requirements of healthy nutrition. The paper presents data on nutrient composition and antioxidant value of berries among promising varieties and elite gooseberry seedlings in the conditions of the Central Black Earth Region (Michurinsk). The studies were carried out in 2017–2022 in the laboratory of biochemistry and food technology department of berry crops of “I. V. Michurin FSC”. Berries of the following varieties were the objects for the research: Aristocrat, Galatea, Kazachok, Konstantsia, Orfey, Serenada, Sfyncs, Chernomor; as well as elite gooseberry seedlings 03-6-137, 14-2-40, being promising for industrial horticulture. The best genotypes were determined: for sugar content (above 11.0 %) – Kazachok, Chernomor; for vitamin C content (over 40.0 mg/100 g) – Kazachok, Chernomor; for anthocyanins content (above 100.0 mg/100 g) – Chernomor. High total antioxidant activity was observed in Aristocrat (69.6 mg/100 g of gallic acid), Chernomor (51.6 mg/100 g of gallic acid), elite seedling 03-6-137 (54.6 mg/100 g of gallic acid). Kazachok and Chernomor varieties were identified on the basis of a complex of biochemical traits. Berries of high-vitamin varieties are recommended for dietary nutrition and for development of new functional products.
Experimental studies of a remote device for biometric identification of the pre-mastitis state of the udder of dairy cows
Authors: Bakach N. G. , Zhilich E. L. , Rogalskaya Yu. N.
Published: May 2024

Analysis of development of dairy cattle breeding in the Republic of Belarus is presented. The problems of reducing milk productivity and the period of economic use of dairy cows as a result of mastitis disease are noted. The importance of timely detection of sick animals, as well as treatment of the inflammatory process of the udder in the early stages is noted. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of a mock-up sample of a biometric identification device for the pre-mastitis state of udder of dairy cows are presented. In the course of experimental studies, a significant influence of ambient temperature on the thermal imaging picture was revealed, based on which the values of the radiation coefficient for cows were determined. The final adjustment of the previously established temperature ranges was made when determining one or another form of mastitis, namely, within 32.0−36.3 ℃ – the range of normal temperatures, 36.4−37.7 ℃ – “Subclinical mastitis”, 37.8−39.0 ℃ – “Clinical mastitis”. The most significant factors and optimization parameter have been determined. The percentage of the useful area of the studied object is selected as the optimization parameter. Based on the processing of experimental data, a mathematical model is obtained, described by a regression equation in the form of a polynomial of the second degree. The rational parameters of the device for biometric identification of the pre-mastitis state of the udder of dairy cows were obtained, namely: the angle of inclination of the thermal imaging module αо – 2,7o, the focal length to the object l – 794 mm, installation height of the thermal imaging module h – 495 mm. Also, based on the conducted research, priority areas and opportunities for development of the domestic agro-industrial complex through creation of integrated systems for monitoring the physiological state of animals within the framework of development of digital automated technologies of a “smart” farm have been identified.
Мedia preferences of the population of the Republic of Belarus in the sociological dimension (based on sociological research materials)
Authors: Belski A. M.
Published: May 2024

The article substantiates the relevance of a monitoring study of the national information space in view of the constant improvement of technical and technological solutions for the production and distribution of content, as well as the expansion of coverage and access to the Internet, accompanied by media convergence of its structural segments and the transformation of forms of media consumption and media practices of the population. An overview of current scientific research on the identified issues is presented, both in the direction of studying aspects of satisfying the need for information in the structure of everyday practices of social subjects, and in the direction of changing the landscape of the information space, the variability of the selection of information content. Based on the results of a republican representative monitoring sociological study of the transformation of the national information space, implemented by the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, its state for 2022–2023 is characterized. in the context of traditional media and new media, taking into account their structural components. The sources of information that are in demand and the main ones for citizens of the country, the practices of their use, the level of trust and the most important characteristics of the content are reflected. The need to continue research into the processes occurring within the national information space is noted in order to use the most effective strategies for building information policy.
Moldavian diaspora in Belarus: population dynamics, resettlement and reasons for relocation
Authors: Kvilinkova E. N.
Published: May 2024

This article, for the first time in ethnological science, examines the stages of the formation of the Moldovan diaspora in Belarus: population dynamics, resettlement and reasons for resettlement. It is noted that by type it belongs to modern diasporas and is characterized by dispersed living. The author identified the stages of formation of the Moldovan diaspora (Soviet and post-Soviet) and examined the number of Moldovans in various regions of Belarus. It is concluded that Moldovans who moved to Belarus during these periods are characterized by certain differences. It has been established that the increase in their numbers during the Soviet period was a consequence of inter-republican migration and mixed marriages. The resettlement of Moldovans in the post-Soviet period had the nature of labor migration. The majority of representatives of this wave of migrants retain Moldovan citizenship. A peculiarity of this period is that among the settlers there were many monoethnic families. This research was carried out by the author within the framework of cultural anthropology. The author widely draws on statistical data and materials from field ethnosociological research conducted by him in Minsk and other regions of Belarus in 2020–2023. In this article, field research materials are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
Ethical principles for using the artificial intelligence in research (based on biomedical research). Vestsi Natsyyanal’nai akademii navuk Belarusi
Authors: Sokolchik V. N. , Razuvanau A. I.
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the relevant issue of modern science and ethical support for scientific research using Artificial Intelligence (AI). Despite a significant number of foreign and domestic publications about AI, the conceptual framework for the ethics of scientific research using AI remains undeveloped. Based on the international recommendations and articles, as well as own research experience and membership of research ethical committees, the authors define and analyze the basic ethical principles for the scientific research using AI. The proposed principles are considered in the context of their practical application in the field of biomedicine, which are connected with protection of the mankind and nature, maintaining the confidentiality of participants‘ data, preventing discrimination, protecting against errors of AI, respecting informed consent, as well as observing the norms of “open science”, mutual trust from developers and users, etc. The application of the proposed principles orients the scientists, the developers of artificial intelligence, ethical committees, realizing review process, all society, to the priority of the humanization of science, respect for man and nature, as well as education of society regarding to AI, the creation of a regulatory framework, ethical recommendations and codes of ethics for the using of AI in scientific research.
PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS PETUGAS PELAYANAN MASUK/FRONT OFFICE DI BALAI TAMAN NASIONAL ALAS PURWO
Authors: Roshanti Dian , Utami Joko , Wijayanti Sri Mekar Dyah , Laili Roudlotun Nurul , Nashir Muhammad , Toga Ervia
Published: May 2024

Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas petugas pelayanan masuk/Front Office di Balai Taman Nasional Alas Purwo dalam melayani pengunjung dengan lebih baik. Kegiatan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pengamatan terhadap beberapa tantangan yang dihadapi oleh petugas, termasuk keterbatasan dalam pengetahuan kepariwisataan, keterampilan komunikasi, dan penggunaan teknologi informasi. Metode yang digunakan yaitu ceramah, diskusi, praktik langsung, dan simulasi situasi nyata. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa setelah mendapatkan pelatihan, kapasitas petugas pelayanan masuk meningkat secara signifikan dalam hal pengetahuan mengenai taman nasional, keterampilan komunikasi, serta pelayanan kepada pengunjung. Partisipasi aktif petugas dalam pelatihan dan workshop juga ikut meningkatkan rasa memiliki terhadap tugasnya, yang pada akhirnya berkontribusi pada peningkatan kualitas layanan kepada pengunjung. Hasil pengabdian ini diharapkan bisa berkontribusi positif dalam meningkatkan pengalaman pengunjung serta mengoptimalkan fungsi taman nasional sebagai destinasi wisata alam yang berkelanjutan.