bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conforming Rough Surface Models
Authors: Muzychka Yuri S. , Yovanovich M. Michael
Published: August 2023

In this chapter, we consider thermal contact resistance between conforming rough surfaces. Both elastic and plastic contacts are considered. Gap conductance models for filled and unfilled joints are discussed. Joint conductance models considering all resistances (contact and gap) that are presented. Finally, the methods for enhancing contact conductance using coatings, foils, polymers, greases, pastes, and phase change materials are examined. We only present the most useful approaches but provide discussion for other problems and models where applicable.
Multisource Analysis for Microelectronic Devices
Authors: Muzychka Yuri S. , Yovanovich M. Michael
Published: August 2023

Several approaches for computing the thermal spreading resistance and/or heat source temperature have been developed for a rectangular substrate with single or multiple discrete sources. Several notable methodologies from the literature are discussed below.
Applications with Nonuniform Conductance in the Sink Plane
Authors: Muzychka Yuri S. , Yovanovich M. Michael
Published: August 2023

Thermal spreading resistance in finite systems such as heat sinks is often modeled using a uniform conductance in the sink plane. In regards to heat sinks containing fins, this requires that the distribution of fins is both uniform in spacing and height and cooled with a constant convection heat transfer coefficient. In many real applications, this is not achieved due to nonuniform fin heights/spacings and the nature of the supplied cooling using fans. In impingement air cooling applications, the local heat transfer coefficient is always distributed over the surface.
Further Applications of Spreading Resistance
Authors: Muzychka Yuri S. , Yovanovich M. Michael
Published: August 2023

In this chapter, we consider several special and unique applications where thermal spreading resistance theory plays a major role in transport phenomena; for example in sliding contacts of tribology applications, mass diffusion with and without chemical reaction, transport involving super-hydrophobic surfaces at low Peclet numbers, electronic microdevices where temperature-dependent thermal conductivity plays a major role, applications involving phase change such as freezing droplets on a surface, and finally thermal spreading in solid or hollow spheres for packed-bed applications. These are all applications where performance is controlled by thermal, mass, or viscous spreading principles. In Chapters 10–12, we will consider thermal contact resistance applications in great detail.
Front Matter
Authors: Muzychka Yuri S. , Yovanovich M. Michael
Published: August 2023

This frontmatter contains the Wiley-ASME Press Series, Contents, About the Authors, Preface, Acknowledgements, Nomenclature. It is available for access by clicking on the PDF icon below.

eBook keywords: thermal spreading and contact resistance; thermal spreading resistance; contact conductance; mass transfer; super-hydrophobic surfaces; tribology applications; orthotropic systems; thermal management applications; circular flux-tubes; disc spreaders.
Analysis of flow field and aerodynamic noise of marine gas turbine air intake system
Authors: Luan Yigang , Yan Lanyi , Sun Tao , Zunino Pietro
Published: August 2023

The aerodynamic noise of air intake system is one of the main noise sources of a gas turbine power plant. In this study, large eddy simulation in conjunction with acoustic finite element method were used to simulate the flow field and acoustic field of the air intake system of marine gas turbine. Based on the acoustic analogy methods, the internal sound source distributions and inlet radiated noise characteristics of the air intake system under different working conditions and wind speeds were analyzed. The simulated flow fields show that the highest vorticity magnitude occurs around the output shaft as the flow largely separates when passing through. The total pressure loss across the intake system increases with the increasing of the air mass flow rate and the ambient wind speed. The acoustical results show that the low frequency noise of the intake system is more prominent than the high frequency noise. The far field sound pressure level increases quadratically with the intake mass flow rates. The introduction of the ambient wind speed at the inlet boundaries reduces the high frequency aerodynamic noise of the intake system, but the overall sound pressure level of the aerodynamic noise increases with the wind speeds.
A personal account of work on anatomy, physiology, and behavior of fish sound production
Authors: Fine Michael L.
Published: August 2023

My research has been devoted to neuromuscular control of sound production in toadfish, catfish, and other species along with an occasional foray into hearing. Toadfish utilize a heart shaped swim bladder and superfast muscles with small fibers and an unusual ultrastructure. Both sonic motor neurons and muscle fibers increase in size and number for multiple years, and large muscle fibers fragment and likely divide, maintaining energetic efficiency. Toadfish sonic muscles drive the swim bladder directly (a forced response), and the sound waveform parallels bladder movement. The forced response differs from traditional interpretations of swim bladders as underwater resonant bubbles. High water content in the swim bladder wall inhibits resonance by viscous damping at shallow but likely less effectively at deeper depths, suggesting both notions might apply. Catfish produce sounds with their pectoral spines by rubbing a ridged surface on the dorsal process against a rough surface on the cleithrum: a series of quick jerks produce sounds via a slip-stick mechanism. Recent discoveries on other species reveal novel adaptations for sound production and suggestions are made for future work.
Addressing diversity in speech science courses
Authors: Baese-Berk Melissa , Reed Paul E.
Published: August 2023

The study of how speech is produced, transmitted, and perceived is a critical component in the curriculum of multiple disciplines—linguistics, communication science and disorders, cognitive science, and speech technology all rely on a fundamental understanding of speech science. Pedagogy in speech science across these disciplines has a rich history of experiential learning techniques. Despite being at the forefront of pedagogical innovations, speech science courses have lagged in terms of their representation of cultural and linguistic diversity in the classroom. Many speech scientists understand that linguistic diversity is a part of all human language systems. However, in our experience, relatively few courses involve the purposeful inclusion of multiple language varieties throughout the course across all topics. The goal of this paper is to highlight how to be more inclusive in teaching speech science.
Instantaneous and time-averaged intensity flow measurements in scale models
Authors: Tay Daniel , Xiang Ning
Published: August 2023

Current methods of representing energy flows in rooms have been limited to stationary pressure contour maps or intensity vectors derived from finite-element modeling (FEM) software. Despite recent advances in FEM analysis, such models are at best approximations of real-world phenomena because of the assumptions made in obtaining these results. This paper presents an energy flow visualization tool that combines the well-accepted practice of scale modeling in performance venue acoustics design and recent advances in sensor technology to provide rapid and accurate real-time maps of intensity flows derived from simultaneously-measured pressure and velocity quantities in the studied space.
Design of a bifunctional pan-sarbecovirus entry inhibitor targeting the cell receptor and viral fusion protein
Authors: Jin Hongliang , Cheng Lin , Gong Yani , Zhu Yuanmei , Chong Huihui , Zhang Zheng , He Yuxian
Published: August 2023

Development of highly effective antivirals that are robust to viral evolution is a practical strategy for combating the continuously evolved severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Inspired by viral multistep entry process, we here focus on developing a bispecific SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor, which acts on the cell receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and viral S2 fusion protein. First, we identified a panel of diverse spike (S) receptor-binding domains (RBDs) and found that the RBD derived from Guangdong pangolin coronavirus (PCoV-GD) possessed the most potent antiviral potency. Next, we created a bispecific inhibitor termed RBD-IPB01 by genetically linking a peptide fusion inhibitor IPB01 to the C-terminal of PCoV-GD RBD, which exhibited greatly increased antiviral potency via cell membrane ACE2 anchoring. Promisingly, RBD-IPB01 had a uniformly bifunctional inhibition on divergent pseudo- and authentic SARS-CoV-2 variants, including multiple Omicron subvariants. RBD-IPB01 also showed consistently cross-inhibition of other sarbecoviruses, including SARS-CoV, PCoV-GD, and Guangxi pangolin coronavirus (PCoV-GX). RBD-IPB01 displayed low cytotoxicity, high trypsin resistance, and favorable metabolic stability. Combined, our studies have provided a tantalizing insight into the design of broad-spectrum and potent antiviral agent.

IMPORTANCE

Ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolution and spillover potential of a wide variety of sarbecovirus lineages indicate the importance of developing highly effective antivirals with broad capability. By directing host angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor and viral S2 fusion protein, we have created a dual-targeted virus entry inhibitor with high antiviral potency and breadth. The inhibitor receptor-binding domain (RBD)-IPB01 with the Guangdong pangolin coronavirus (PCoV-GD) spike RBD and a fusion inhibitor IPB01 displays bifunctional cross-inhibitions on pseudo- and authentic SARS-CoV-2 variants including Omicron, as well as on the sarbecoviruses SARS-CoV, PCoV-GD, and Guangxi pangolin coronavirus. RBD-IPB01 also efficiently inhibits diverse SARS-CoV-2 infection of human Calu-3 cells and blocks viral S-mediated cell-cell fusion with a dual function. Thus, the creation of such a bifunctional inhibitor with pan-sarbecovirus neutralizing capability has not only provided a potential weapon to combat future SARS-CoV-2 variants or yet-to-emerge zoonotic sarbecovirus, but also verified a viable strategy for the designing of antivirals against infection of other enveloped viruses.
A high-throughput screening assay for silencing established HIV-1 macrophage infection identifies nucleoside analogs that perturb H3K9me3 on proviral genomes
Authors: Yi Yanjie , Zankharia Urvi , Cassel Joel A. , Lu Fang , Salvino Joseph M. , Lieberman Paul M. , Collman Ronald G.
Published: August 2023

HIV-infected macrophages are long-lived cells that represent a barrier to functional cure. Additionally, low-level viral expression by central nervous system (CNS) macrophages contributes to neurocognitive deficits that develop despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). We recently identified H3K9me3 as an atypical epigenetic mark associated with chronic HIV infection in macrophages. Thus, strategies are needed to suppress HIV-1 expression in macrophages, but the unique myeloid environment and the responsible macrophage/CNS-tropic strains require cell/strain-specific approaches. Here, we generated an HIV-1 reporter virus from a CNS-derived strain with intact auxiliary genes expressing destabilized luciferase. We employed this reporter virus in polyclonal infection of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) for a high-throughput screen (HTS) to identify compounds that suppress virus expression from established macrophage infection. Screening ~6,000 known drugs and compounds yielded 214 hits. A secondary screen with 10-dose titration identified 24 meeting criteria for HIV-selective activity. Using three replication-competent CNS-derived macrophage-tropic HIV-1 isolates and viral gene expression readout in MDM, we confirmed the effect of three purine analogs, nelarabine, fludarabine, and entecavir, showing the suppression of HIV-1 expression from established macrophage infection. Nelarabine inhibited the formation of H3K9me3 on HIV genomes in macrophages. Thus, this novel HTS assay can identify suppressors of HIV-1 transcription in established macrophage infection, such as nucleoside analogs and HDAC inhibitors, which may be linked to H3K9me3 modification. This screen may be useful to identify new metabolic and epigenetic agents that ameliorate HIV-driven neuroinflammation in people on ART or prevent viral recrudescence from macrophage reservoirs in strategies to achieve ART-free remission.

IMPORTANCE

Macrophages infected by HIV-1 are a long-lived reservoir and a barrier in current efforts to achieve HIV cure and also contribute to neurocognitive complications in people despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Silencing HIV expression in these cells would be of great value, but the regulation of HIV-1 in macrophages differs from T cells. We developed a novel high-throughput screen for compounds that can silence established infection of primary macrophages, and identified agents that downregulate virus expression and alter provirus epigenetic profiles. The significance of this assay is the potential to identify new drugs that act in the unique macrophage environment on relevant viral strains, which may contribute to adjunctive treatment for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and/or prevent viral rebound in efforts to achieve ART-free remission or cure.
Use of a human small airway epithelial cell line to study the interactions of
Aspergillus fumigatus
with pulmonary epithelial cells
Authors: Liu Hong , Lin Jianfeng , Phan Quynh T. , Gravelat Fabrice N. , Sheppard Donald C. , Filler Scott G.
Published: August 2023

During the initiation of invasive aspergillosis, inhaled
Aspergillus fumigatus
conidia are deposited on the epithelial cells lining the bronchi, terminal bronchioles, and alveoli. While the interactions of
A. fumigatus
with bronchial and type II alveolar cell lines have been investigated
in vitro
, little is known about the interactions of this fungus with terminal bronchiolar epithelial cells. Using the HSAEC1-KT human small airway epithelial (HSAE) cell line, we developed an
in vitro
model to study the interaction of two strains of
A. fumigatus
with these cells. We then compared the interactions of
A. fumigatus
with the A549 type II alveolar epithelial cell line and the HSAE cell line. We found that
A. fumigatus
conidia were poorly endocytosed by A549 cells, but avidly endocytosed by HSAE cells.
A. fumigatus
germlings invaded both cell types by induced endocytosis, but not by active penetration. A549 cell endocytosis of
A. fumigatus
was independent of fungal viability, more dependent on host microfilaments than microtubules, and induced by
A. fumigatus
CalA interacting with host cell integrin α5β1. By contrast, HSAE cell endocytosis required fungal viability, was more dependent on microtubules than microfilaments, and did not require CalA or integrin α5β1. HSAE cells were more susceptible than A549 cells to damage caused by direct contact with killed
A. fumigatus
germlings and by secreted fungal products. In response to
A. fumigatus
infection, A549 cells secreted a broader profile of cytokines and chemokines than HSAE cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that studies of HSAE cells provide complementary data to A549 cells and thus represent a useful model for probing the interactions of
A. fumigatus
with bronchiolar epithelial cells
in vitro
.

Importance

During the initiation of invasive aspergillosis,
Aspergillus fumigatus
interacts with the epithelial cells that line the airways and alveoli. Previous studies of
A. fumigatus
-epithelial cell interactions
in vitro
used either large airway epithelial cell lines or the A549 type II alveolar epithelial cell line; the interactions of fungi with terminal bronchiolar epithelial cells were not investigated. Using the TERT-immortalized human small airway epithelial HSAEC1-KT (HSAE) cell line, we developed an
in vitro
model of the interactions of
A. fumigatus
with bronchiolar epithelial cells. We discovered that
A. fumigatus
invades and damages A549 and HSAE cell lines by distinct mechanisms. Also, the proinflammatory responses of the cell lines to
A. fumigatus
are different. These results provide insight into how
A. fumigatus
interacts with different types of epithelial cells during invasive aspergillosis and demonstrate that HSAE cells are useful
in vitro
model for investigating the interactions of this fungus with bronchiolar epithelial cells.
Analog of the Sommerfeld Law in Quantum Vacuum
Authors: Volovik G. E.
Published: August 2023

The activation temperature T in the de Sitter environment is twice the Gibbons–Hawking temperature, related to the cosmological horizon. We consider the activation temperature as the local temperature of the de Sitter vacuum, and construct the local thermodynamics of the de Sitter state. This thermodynamics includes also the gravitational coupling K and the scalar Riemann curvature $$\mathcal{R}$$ as the thermodynamically conjugate variables. These variables modify the thermodynamics of the Gibbs–Duhem relation in the de Sitter state. The free energy density is proportional to $$ - {{T}^{2}}$$, which is similar to that in the nonrelativistic Fermi liquids and in relativistic matter with equation of state $$w = 1$$. The local entropy is proportional to the local temperature, while the total entropy inside the cosmological horizon is $$A{\text{/}}4G$$, where A is the area of the horizon. This entropy is usually interpreted as the entropy of the cosmological horizon. We also consider the possible application of the de Sitter thermodynamics to the Schwarzschild–de Sitter black hole and to black and white holes with the de Sitter cores.
Approach to the growing breast lump during lactation
Authors: Ang Wen Guang Benson , Ananta Mihir Gudi , Yan Zhiyan
Published: August 2023

Physiological changes during pregnancy and lactation result in increased lumpiness of the breast. This makes the evaluation of the breast challenging. Although most self-detected lumps, during this period, tend to be benign, the priority in these patients is to exclude tumours that may require prompt management. We present a case of phyllodes tumour that occurred during lactation and discussed the resultant pitfalls that may occur during the triple assessment of a breast lump in a lactating mother.
Schistosomiasis elimination in Madagascar: challenges and opportunities for implementing the new WHO guidelines
Authors: Rasoamanamihaja Clara Fabienne , Rakotoarivelo Rivo Andry , Edosoa Glenn , Rasamoelina Tahinamandranto , Montresor Antonio , Marchese Valentina , Fusco Daniela
Published: August 2023

Madagascar is one of the countries with the highest burden of schistosomiasis worldwide. The release from the WHO of the new 2021–2030 neglected tropical disease (NTD) roadmap alongside with the schistosomiasis guidelines sets the ambitious goal of eliminating schistosomiasis as a public health problem worldwide. In Madagascar, implementation barriers exist. This paper has the objective of identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in order to build on their basis practices and policies that can help the country to align with the international global health agenda and reach the ambitious goal set by the WHO.
Which programmes and policies across health and community settings will generate the most significant impacts for youth suicide prevention in Australia and the UK? Protocol for a systems modelling and simulation study
Authors: Michail Maria , Robinson Jo , Witt Katrina , Occhipinti Jo-An , Skinner Adam , Lamblin Michelle , Veresova Maria , Kartal Dzenana , Waring Justin
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Suicide is a leading cause of mortality among young people aged 15–24 globally. Despite the deployment of comprehensive suicide prevention strategies, we still do not know which interventions, for which groups of young people, for how long and with what intensity could generate the most significant reductions in suicide rates. System dynamics modelling has the potential to address these gaps. SEYMOUR (System Dynamics Modelling for Suicide Prevention) will develop and evaluate a system dynamics model that will indicate which suicide prevention interventions could generate the most significant reductions in rates of suicide and attempted suicide among young people aged 12–25 in Australia and the UK.

Methods and analysis

A comparative case study design, applying participatory system dynamics modelling in North-West Melbourne (Australia) and Birmingham (UK). A computer simulation model of mental health service pathways and suicidal behaviour among young people in North-West Melbourne will be developed through three workshops with expert stakeholder groups (young people with lived experience, carers, clinicians, policy makers, commissioners). The model will be calibrated and validated using national, state and local datasets (inputs). The simulation model will test a series of interventions identified in the workshops for inclusion. Primary model outputs include suicide deaths, self-harm hospitalisations and self-harm presentations to emergency departments. An implementation strategy for the sustainable embedding of promising suicide prevention interventions will be developed. This will be followed by model customisation, re-parameterisation, and validation in Birmingham and adaptation of the implementation strategy.

Ethics and dissemination

The project has received approval from the University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee (2022-22885-25971-4), the University of Birmingham Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Ethics Review Committee (ERN_21-02385) and the UK HRA (22/HRA/3826). SEYMOUR’s dissemination strategy includes open-access academic publications, conference presentations, accessible findings coproduced with young people, e-briefs to policy makers, webinars for service providers and commissioners.
Protocol for the COVID-19 Wellbeing and Stress Study: a longitudinal study of parent distress, biological stress and child biopsychosocial development during the pandemic and beyond
Authors: Khoury Jennifer E , Atkinson Leslie , Jack Susan , Bennett Teresa , Raha Sandeep , Duku Eric , Gonzalez Andrea
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a unique impact on the mental health and well-being of pregnant individuals and parents of young children. However, the impact of COVID-19-related stress during pregnancy on early child biopsychosocial development, remains unclear. The COVID-19 Wellbeing and Stress Study will: (1) investigate the impact of different forms of prenatal stress experienced during the pandemic (including objective hardship, perceived psychological distress and biological stress) on child stress biology, (2) examine the association between child stress biology and child developmental outcomes, (3) determine whether child stress biology acts as a mechanism linking prenatal stress to adverse child developmental outcomes and (4) assess whether gestational age at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic or child sex, moderate these associations.

Methods and analyses

The COVID-19 Wellbeing and Stress Study is a prospective longitudinal study, consisting of six time points, spanning from pregnancy to 3 years postpartum. The study began in June 2020, consisting of 304 pregnant people from Ontario, Canada. This multimethod study is composed of questionnaires, biological samples, behavioural observations and developmental assessments

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board (#11034) and the Mount Saint Vincent University Research Ethics Board (#2020-187, #2021-075, #2022-008). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed presentations and publications, community presentations, and electronic forums (social media, newsletters and website postings).
Integrating a Polygenic Risk Score into a clinical setting would impact risk predictions in familial breast cancer
Authors: Baliakas Panagiotis , Munters Arielle R , Kämpe Anders , Tesi Bianca , Bondeson Marie-Louise , Ladenvall Claes , Eriksson Daniel
Published: August 2023

Background

Low-impact genetic variants identified in population-based genetic studies are not routinely measured as part of clinical genetic testing in familial breast cancer (BC). We studied the consequences of integrating an established Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) (BCAC 313, PRS313) into clinical sequencing of women with familial BC in Sweden.

Methods

We developed an add-on sequencing panel to capture 313 risk variants in addition to the clinical screening of hereditary BC genes. Index patients with no pathogenic variant from 87 families, and 1000 population controls, were included in comparative PRS calculations. Including detailed family history, sequencing results and tumour pathology information, we used BOADICEA (Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm) V.6 to estimate contralateral and lifetime riskswithoutandwithPRS313.

Results

Women with BC but no pathogenic variants in hereditary BC genes have a higher PRS313compared with population controls (mean+0.78 SD, p<3e-9). Implementing PRS313in the clinical risk estimation before their BC diagnosis would have changed the recommended follow-up in 24%–45% of women.

Conclusions

Our results show the potential impact of incorporating PRS313directly in the clinical genomic investigation of women with familial BC.
Physician continuity of care in the last year of life in community-dwelling adults: retrospective population-based study
Authors: Howard Michelle , Hafid Shuaib , Isenberg Sarina Roslyn , Webber Colleen , Downar James , Gayowsky Anastasia , Jones Aaron , Scott Mary M , Hsu Amy T , Conen Katrin , Manuel Doug , Tanuseputro Peter
Published: August 2023

Objective

To describe the timing of involvement of various physician specialties over the last year of life across different levels of primary care physician continuity for differing causes of death.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults who died in Ontario, Canada, between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2018, using linked population level health administrative data. Outcomes were median days between death and first and last outpatient palliative care specialist encounter, last outpatient encounter with other specialists and with the usual primary care physician. These were calculated by tertile of score on the Usual Provider Continuity Index, defined as the proportion of outpatient physician encounters with the patient’s primary care physician.

Results

Patients’ (n=395 839) mean age at death was 76 years. With increasing category of usual primary care physician continuity, a larger proportion were palliative care generalists, palliative care specialist involvement decreased in duration and was concentrated closer to death, the primary care physician was involved closer to death, and other specialist physicians ceased involvement earlier. For patients with cancer, palliative care specialist involvement was longer than for other patients.

Conclusions

Compared with patients with lower continuity, those with higher usual provider continuity were more likely to have a primary care physician involved closer to death providing generalist palliative care.
Density-matrix renormalization group: a pedagogical introduction
Authors: Catarina G. , Murta Bruno
Published: August 2023

The physical properties of a quantum many-body system can, in principle, be determined by diagonalizing the respective Hamiltonian, but the dimensions of its matrix representation scale exponentially with the number of degrees of freedom. Hence, only small systems that are described through simple models can be tackled via exact diagonalization. To overcome this limitation, numerical methods based on the renormalization group paradigm that restrict the quantum many-body problem to a manageable subspace of the exponentially large full Hilbert space have been put forth. A striking example is the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG), which has become the reference numerical method to obtain the low-energy properties of one-dimensional quantum systems with short-range interactions. Here, we provide a pedagogical introduction to DMRG, presenting both its original formulation and its modern tensor-network-based version. This colloquium sets itself apart from previous contributions in two ways. First, didactic code implementations are provided to bridge the gap between conceptual and practical understanding. Second, a concise and self-contained introduction to the tensor-network methods employed in the modern version of DMRG is given, thus allowing the reader to effortlessly cross the deep chasm between the two formulations of DMRG without having to explore the broad literature on tensor networks. We expect this pedagogical review to find wide readership among students and researchers who are taking their first steps in numerical simulations via DMRG.

Graphic abstract
A memristor-based circuit approximation of the Hindmarsh–Rose model
Authors: Jenderny Sebastian , Ochs Karlheinz , Hövel Philipp
Published: August 2023

Neuron models exist in different levels of complexity and biological modeling depth. The Hindmarsh–Rose model offers a rich repertoire of neuronal dynamics while being moderately mathematically complex. Existing circuit realizations of this neuron model, however, require a large amount of operational amplifiers due to the model’s quadratic and cubic nonlinearity. In contrast to hardware realizations of simpler neuron models, this leads to a higher power consumption. In this work, the Hindmarsh–Rose model is approximated by an ideal electrical circuit that relies mostly on passive circuit elements and thus reduces the power consumption. For this purpose, we analyze the power flows of an equivalent electrical circuit of the Hindmarsh–Rose model and replace several nonlinear circuit elements by constant ones. Moreover, we approximate the cubic nonlinearity by three memristors in combination with a negative impedance converter. This negative impedance converter represents the only active circuit element required for the complete circuit, leading to an increased energy efficiency compared to the existing circuit realizations. Simulations verify the circuit’s ability to generate spiking and bursting dynamics comparable to the original Hindmarsh–Rose model.

Graphic abstract
Understanding the Contribution of Recommendation Algorithms on Misinformation Recommendation and Misinformation Dissemination on Social Networks
Authors: Pathak Royal , Spezzano Francesca , Pera Maria Soledad
Published: August 2023

Social networks are a platform for individuals and organizations to connect with each other and inform, advertise, spread ideas, and ultimately influence opinions. These platforms have been known to propel misinformation. We argue that this could be compounded by the recommender algorithms that these platforms use to suggest items potentially of interest to their users, given the known biases and filter bubbles issues affecting recommender systems. While much has been studied about misinformation on social networks, the potential exacerbation that could result from recommender algorithms in this environment is in its infancy. In this manuscript, we present the result of an in-depth analysis conducted on two datasets (
Politifact FakeNewsNet dataset
and
HealthStory FakeHealth dataset
) in order to deepen our understanding of the interconnection between recommender algorithms and misinformation spread on Twitter. In particular, we explore the degree to which well-known recommendation algorithms are prone to be impacted by misinformation. Via simulation, we also study misinformation diffusion on social networks, as triggered by suggestions produced by these recommendation algorithms. Outcomes from this work evidence that misinformation does not equally affect all recommendation algorithms. Popularity-based and network-based recommender algorithms contribute the most to misinformation diffusion. Users who are known to be superspreaders are known to directly impact algorithmic performance and misinformation spread in specific scenarios. Findings emerging from our exploration result in a number of implications for researchers and practitioners to consider when designing and deploying recommender algorithms in social networks.
Quantitative Measurement of Compositional Inhomogeneity in NMC Cathodes by X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Tahmasebi Mohammad H. , Obrovac M. N.
Published: August 2023

A novel XRD analysis technique is described for quantitatively measuring compositional inhomogeneity in Li[NixMnyCoz]O2 (NMC) cathode materials and NMC precursors. Single-phase rock salt precursors with varying degrees of compositional inhomogeneity were prepared by grinding mixtures of Ni, Mn and Co oxides for different times and then heating. These precursors were then heated with lithium to form cathode materials. A modified Williamson-Hall analysis was used to measure the degree of compositional inhomogeneity in the precursors and the final NMC materials. This analysis showed that precursors made with low grinding times had higher compositional inhomogeneity and that this compositional inhomogeneity was amplified in the final NMC, leading to interlayer mixing and poor electrochemical performance. Higher precursor grinding times lead to more compositionally homogeneous NMC, while even higher compositional homogeneity was achieved by NMC made from conventional hydroxide precursors, with correspondingly improved electrochemical performance. The ability described here to measure the degree of compositional homogeneity in NMC precursors and NMC cathode materials by simple XRD measurements presents a powerful tool for the research and development of NMC and other cathode materials.
Hydrothermally Deposited Carbon Coatings for Li-Ion Battery Active Materials
Authors: Wang Jun , Cao Yidan , Obrovac M. N.
Published: August 2023

Hydrothermally deposited carbon coatings were evaluated for Li-ion battery materials. The applied coatings were found to be highly uniform and porous, with a density of 1.89 g ml−1 and a surface area of 370 m2 g−1. In lithium cells, the hydrothermally deposited carbon was found to have a reversible capacity of 230 mAh g−1 when cycled between 7 mV and 0.9 V. Carbon coatings applied hydrothermally onto graphite particles were found to be effective at reducing surface reactions and increasing coulombic efficiency during cycling in lithium cells. However, because of the high surface area and high porosity of the hydrothermal coating it likely has limited applicability in commercial Li-ion cells.
Methyltransferase-like 3 facilitates the stem cell properties of esophageal cancer by upregulating patched homolog 1 via N6-methyladenosine methylation
Authors: Liang Hao , Fang Chengyuan , Zhang Luquan
Published: August 2023

PTCH1 has been proved to facilitate cell proliferation and self-renewal in esophageal cancer. We studied the upstream regulation mechanism of PTCH1 by METTL3 through m6A modification. Our results provide a new target and theoretical basis for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
Resistance to hormone therapy in breast cancer cells promotes autophagy and EGFR signaling pathway
Authors: Siatis Konstantinos E. , Giannopoulou Efstathia , Manou Dimitra , Sarantis Panagiotis , Karamouzis Michalis V. , Raftopoulou Sofia , Fasseas Konstantinos , Alzahrani Fatimah Mohammed , Kalofonos Haralabos P. , Theocharis Achilleas D.
Published: August 2023

The development of resistance to hormone therapy caused by both fulvestrant and tamoxifen promotes autophagy with concomitant apoptosis evasion, rendering cells capable of surviving and growing. The fact that resistance also triggers ERBB family signaling pathways, which are poorly inhibited by tyrosine kinase inhibitors might attribute to cells’ aggressiveness. It is obvious that the development of endocrine therapy resistance involves a complex interplay between deregulated ERBB signaling and autophagy that may be considered in clinical practice.
Design and Realization of a Controlled Electromagnetic Breaking System
Authors: Achille Ecladore Tchahou Tchendjeu , Bobo Yungho Edickson , Mbaka Nfah Eustace
Published: August 2023

Industrial machines with sharp moving blades are extremely dangerous to workers. These machines often rotate for some time (called the run-down time) before completely stopping due to little or no brakes. In the case where brakes are used, they are mechanical in nature and are associated with problems of wear out and frequent maintenance among others. In this paper, we proposed a mathematical model and implementation of an electromagnet and design and construction of a mechanical support frame and a controller for the electromagnetic braking system. The electromagnetic braking system works on the principle of electromagnetism. To realize the semicircular electromagnets, we coil the gauge wires several times around a ferromagnetic core material. The electromagnet was connected to a 12 V 7 Ah battery and was used to lift a load whose mass and corresponding weight were predetermined using a scale balance. The magnetic force generated was equal to the amount of maximum load it could lift. The mechanical frame, on which the electromagnets, motor, battery, switches, and chain drive system were mounted, was designed using SolidWorks and constructed by measuring, cutting, and joining of iron materials. A microcontroller and a power MOSFET were used in the control circuit to drive the electromagnet. Major results such as the realized electromagnets and the magnitude of the electromagnetic force (1.43 N) produced by the electromagnets are presented. The mechanical frame and the control circuit are also presented. The braking force was greater than the rotation torque of the disc, and hence braking was achieved.
Numerical Simulation of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Incorporating an Electromagnetic Inerter-Based Device for Vibration Suppression and Wave Energy Conversion
Authors: Asai Takehiko , Tsukamoto Shota , Nemoto Yudai , Yoshimizu Kenji , Watanabe Urara , Taniyama Yoshihiro
Published: August 2023

Offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are considered vital to the promotion of the development of renewable energy. Especially, floating OWTs can be deployed over a larger area than bottom-fixed OWTs. The floating OWTs, however, are vulnerable to vibration induced by disturbances and require a backup power supply in the case of power outage. On the one hand, various kinds of inerter-based devices have been proposed especially for vibration suppression of civil structures subjected to earthquake loadings. Recently, combined with electromagnetic devices, the inerter technologies have also been applied in the field of vibration energy harvesting such as point absorber wave energy converters. Thus, this paper proposes a novel floating OWT consisting of two bodies combined with inerter-based power take-off (PTO) devices which accomplishes vibration suppression and wave energy conversion at the same time. To investigate the vibration suppression and energy conversion capabilities of the proposed floating OWT with a variety of inerter-based PTO devices for ocean waves, numerical simulation studies employing WEC-Sim are conducted, and the performance of each system is compared for regular and irregular waves. Results show that the proposed floating OWT with the appropriately designed inerter-based PTO devices for the incident wave period has great potential for both vibration suppression and wave energy conversion in a specific frequency range.
Health Benefits of Okara for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lesa Kaisun Nesa , Ahmad Nazir , Mayangsari Yunika , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin , Iqbal Faruque Mohammad Rashed , Nur Fibri Dwi Larasatie , Hassan Md Mehedi
Published: August 2023

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia caused by β-cells destruction and/or insulin resistance. Okara, a byproduct of soybean, contains high amount of dietary fiber (50%), protein (25%), fat (10%), vitamins, and phytochemical components including isoflavones and soyasaponins and has drawn particular attention to its positive benefits on health as a source of fiber-rich food that can help people with diabetes. This review aimed to assemble data as a detailed summary of the health benefits of okara for the management of diabetes mellitus. This review was carried out by identifying relevant literature published from 2010 to 2023 by searching electronic databases. Okara can control diabetes by reducing body weight and delaying digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, thereby increasing satiety and decreasing blood glucose levels. To sum up, okara consumption as a functional food ingredient is beneficial in the management of diabetes.
On Stabilizability of Nonbilinear Perturbed Descriptor Systems
Authors: Abd Ghazwa F.
Published: August 2023

One way in which nonlinear descriptor systems of (index-k) naturally arise is through semiexplicit differential-algebraic equations. The study considers the nonbilinear dynamical systems which are described by the class of higher-index differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). Their nature is analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively, and stability characteristics are presented for their solution. Higher-index differential-algebraic systems seem to show inherent shaky around their solution manifolds. The often use of logarithmic norms is for the estimation of stability and perturbation bounds in linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The question of how to apply the notation of logarithmic norms to nonlinear DAEs has long been an open question. Other problem extensions including nonlinear dynamics and nonbilinear DAEs need subtle modification of the logarithmic norms. The logarithmic norm is combined by conceptual focus with the finite-time stability criterion in order to treat nonbilinear DAEs with the aim of covering some unbounded operators. This means we obtain the perturbation bounds from differential inequalities for a norm by the use of the relationship between Dini derivatives and semi-inner products. A numerical result obtained when tested on the nonbilinear mechanical system with a larger scale showed that the method was highly efficient and accurate and particularly suitable for nonbilinear DAEs.
The Use of Lisdexamfetamine to Treat ADHD in a Patient with Stimulant (Methamphetamine) Use Disorder
Authors: Levine J. , Swanson H.
Published: August 2023

Introduction. The treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with stimulants among patients with stimulant use disorder carries concern for efficacy and exacerbation of addictive behaviors. Lisdexamfetamine is a unique stimulant used to treat ADHD with a lower abuse potential compared to other stimulants, as the medication is the only prodrug in its class. To our knowledge, there are no reports in the literature of the use of lisdexamfetamine to treat ADHD in patients with stimulant use disorder. Methods. We present a 33-year-old male with a history of stimulant (methamphetamine) use disorder, who was found to have long-standing ADHD. The patient was treated with lisdexamfetamine 30 mg, which was increased and sustained at 40 mg. Results. The patient reported significant improvement in focus, concentration, calmness, organization of thoughts, and less of a tendency to procrastinate. Additionally, he denied exacerbation of anxiety or sleep disturbances. He reported his cravings for stimulants were significantly decreased. After 2 months of treatment, he had moved out from his sober living facility, started a new job, and gained a promotion. He had no use of illicit substances, which was proven by routine urine drug screens. Conclusion. Our patient’s ADHD was successfully treated with lisdexamfetamine. Not only did the patient’s ADHD symptoms improve, but his cravings for stimulants were relieved. ADHD is common among patients with stimulant use disorder. Patients with ADHD and stimulant use disorder should not necessarily forgo pharmacologic treatment with stimulants for concerns of abuse. Due to its unique pharmacokinetic profile, lisdexamfetamine is a feasible treatment for patients with ADHD and a history of stimulant use disorder.
Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals the Response to Acute Thermal Stress in the Pacific Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai
Authors: Wu Zhou , Yang Yumin , Zhou Liqing , Chi Changfeng , Sun Xiujun , Wu Biao , Liu Zhihong , Wang Yan
Published: August 2023

The Pacific abalone is an economically important cold-water shellfish. With its widespread culture, high temperature has become a key abiotic factor for the high mortality of Pacific abalone in summer, particularly in the south of China. To understand the molecular regulatory mechanisms of thermal stress response in Pacific abalone for further analyzing its heat adaptive capacity, we subjected Pacific abalone to acute heat stress at 28°C for 6, 24, and 48 hr, respectively. A total of 2,213, 2,337, and 1,420 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in Pacific abalone after 6, 24, and 48 hr of thermal stress, respectively, as compared with the control group without heat stimulation. These DEGs were significantly enriched in protein folding and chaperone-mediated protein folding process, antigen processing and presentation, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathways. The expression of numerous molecular chaperones was significantly upregulated after thermal stress. Maintaining cellular homeostasis through the upregulated expression of molecular chaperones associated with endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathways might be central to the defense of Pacific abalone against thermal stress. In addition, the expression of Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) genes of the TLR signaling pathway was also induced. Therefore, the Pacific abalone might activate the immune defense system to resist the invasion of pathogenic bacteria by upregulating immune-related genes after thermal challenges. Our results not only contribute to a deeper understanding of heat stress regulation in the Pacific abalone but also provide basic data for molecular genetic breeding of heat-resistant abalone.
Reduction of the Influence of Interfering Signals on the Longitudinal Control of UAVs with Fixed Wing
Authors: Bréda Róbert , Karaffa Šimon , Andoga Rudolf , Hlinková Miriam
Published: August 2023

The presented study offers a comprehensive insight in design and application of the Kalman filters for improvement of control efficiency of small unmanned aerial vehicles with fixed wing. The presented control scheme of the UAV includes its model, a servo drive model, and an optimal proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for the selected flight speed. Subsequently, process noise and measurement noise components were introduced into the whole constructed UAV model. The process noise was formed by disturbances caused by horizontal and vertical airflow in the atmosphere. The measurement noise contained deterministic and stochastic errors of the inertial measurement unit (IMU) UAV sensors and engine noise. The obtained results showed that the designed optimal Kalman filter was able to eliminate the influence of interfering signals from the control process and increased the phase safety, controllability, and stability of UAV control as a lean design can be applied in real-time control systems like Pixhawk PX4.