bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of inoculation methods for genotypes selection in corn ear rot disease studies
Authors: Araujo Sabrina Helena , Júnior Oelton Ferreira , Viteri Luis Oswaldo , Aguiar Raimundo Wagner , Oliveira Eugênio Eduardo , Santos Gil Rodrigues
Published: February 2023

The identification of resistance of plants to pathogens is crucial for the development of hybrids by breeding programs. To achieve that, it is of great relevance to establish effective inoculation methods for characterizing genotypes with adequate plant resistance levels. Several inoculation methods have been investigated in the search for resistance to corn ear rot disease. However, studies evaluating different corn genotypes cultivated under Neotropical field conditions remain unexplored. Here, we compared three inoculation methods (i.e., aspersion, injectable, and natural) of Fusarium verticillioides in corn ears, and evaluated disease severity and grain yield of 10 corn genotypes. The experiments were conducted in two consecutive experimental corn crop (i.e., 2015 and 2016) seasons located in cities with different environmental temperatures and belonging to different Brazilian states (i.e., Gurupi – Tocantins State, Itumbiara – Goiás State, Planaltina – Brazilian Federal District, and Toledo – Paraná State). We evaluated the mass of 1000 grains and the severity of the disease. Regarding the disease severity, our results showed that the artificial inoculation was more efficient in the regions of Planaltina and Toledo, not affecting grains’ mass in these localities. The severity of disease on the conditions of Toledo was similar for the ten genotypes. However, it was possible to identify two contrasting genotypes since P4285H (low severity) and 32R48YH (medium severity) exhibited significantly more disease symptoms in all other regions. Although the differences regarding the efficiency of inoculation methods are more evident in regions with milder temperatures, the results showed that the characterization of genotypes susceptible to the pathogen is more efficient in regions with higher temperatures.
Шилийн Богд орчмын хээрийн түймрийн шаталтын зэрэглэлийг тооцоолох болон нөхөн сэргэх үйл явцын мониторинг судалгаа
Authors: Бямбахүү Г. , Батцэнгэл В. , Наранцэцэг Ч. , Нямдаваа Б. , Мэндбаяр О. , Сайнбуян Б. , Батбаяр В. , Wu Falin
Published: February 2023

Due to the increase in global climate change and related natural disasters, satellite observation and mapping technology have made it possible to monitor, predict, evaluate, and detect the environment, which is a clear indication of the importance of remote sensing. The main purpose of this study is to monitor the occurrence of fire disasters as a result of Sentinel-2 satellite imaging technology, to determine the burned area with its classification and the recovery process. The study area was sampled in the southeastern part of Mongolia, near the Shiliin Bogd mountain at the natural steppe zone. In terms of research methodology, the normalized burn ratio (NBR) index was used to map the area of ​​the fire site and the classification of the burned area into 5 categories: unburned, low, low-medium, high-medium, and high, which are process-defined work. As a result of the estimation, the burned area was mapped from the satellite images and the total burned area was 1164.27 km2, of which 757.34 km2 (65 percent) was weak, 404.57 km2 (34.7 percent) was low-medium and the remaining 2.36 km2 (0.3 percent) was high-medium. Finally, we believe that this research is important for emergency workers, researchers, and environmental specialists.
Pendekatan Siyāsah Syar‘Iyyah Dalam Menangani Isu Perundangan Jenayah Semasa Di Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Khalil Shahidra
Published: February 2023

International legal developments may have an impact on the formulation of laws and policies in a country. In terms of crime, for example, there are international calls for some municipal laws to be revised. Among them is a call to repeal the law prohibiting attempted suicide and the death penalty. This abolition step is said to be required to ensure modern society's welfare. However, the government must carefully study this issue while keeping the context of the country in mind. Furthermore, some international laws may be incompatible with Shariah. In dealing with this issue, the government may apply the siyasah syar'iyyah approach in making decisions and considering appropriate actions. The aim of this paper is to discuss the concept and elements of siyasah syar'iyyah, particularly in the context of criminal law implementation. Then, its application in dealing with issues pertaining to attempted suicide and death penalty legislation in Malaysia is discussed. Thematic and comparative analysis methods were used in the study. The study finds that the government has extensive powers in enforcing policies and laws that are appropriate to current needs, particularly when it comes to the crime of takzir. However, there are certain guidelines to ensure that the actions taken by the government is fair (siyasah 'adilah) and coincide with shariah. In Malaysian context, it was found that the process of reviewing the related laws has taken into account the current reality (fiqh al-waqi'), makes considerations of the public interest (maslahah) and harm (mafasadah) (fiqh al-muwazanat) and deliberate the priorities (fiqh al-awlawiyyat) which are among the elements of siyasah syar'iyyah. Thus, it is hoped that further government’s actions in future will benefit the people.
Isu Pengkategorian Hadis Sebagai Ẓan Menurut Perspektif Qiyās Al-Shabah
Authors: Nik Mohd Rosdi NIk Mohd Sofa'Urrahman , Ali Abdul Karim , Syed Jaafar Syed Mohd Jeffri
Published: February 2023

Khilafiah issues in Malaysia have become polemics that give a negative impression to the community. The purpose of this writing is to highlight the Qiyas al-Shabah instrument in identifying the qiyas method used on issues arising among Islamic scholars in Malaysia. The difference in views of Islamic scholars is usually because of an individual’s propensity towards certain manhaj. The difference in manhaj significantly impacts the Qiyas al-Shabah which consequently be used in eliciting the nas of the Qur’an and al-Sunnah, as well as the words of the imams of the madhhab. Hence, Qiyas al-Shabah is one of the methods of ‘illah in Fiqh and understanding it leads to openness and tolerance. This research is a qualitative study which will use a reference approach that involves theoretical and practical analysis.
As complexas relações arquivísticas, mercadológicas e afetivas diante das práticas de preservação e compartilhamento do arquivo televisivo do Grupo Globo: o caso da plataforma Globoplay
Authors: Santos Neto Valdemir Soares dos , Bressan Júnior Mario Abel
Published: February 2023

O presente estudo tem como objetivo elucidar as complexas relações arquivísticas, mercadológicas e afetivas diante das práticas de preservação e compartilhamento do arquivo televisivo do Grupo Globo. Parte-se da premissa de que o resgate televisivo não comporta funções estritamente ligadas ao valor arquivístico de suas produções. Assim, o estudo discorre com base no avanço exponencial da tecnologia de video-on-demand, em que a prática arquivística também se relaciona com o valor mercadológico e afetivo contido na disponibilização das obras audiovisuais da emissora. Como objeto de análise discorremos a respeito da plataforma de streaming Globoplay, responsável por tornar público o acervo audiovisual do Grupo Globo, com ênfase no projeto de retorno dos títulos antigos. O estudo se delineia por meio da abordagem qualitativa, à luz dos preceitos teórico-metodológicos do Estudo de Caso (YIN, 2015), com base em entrevistas, matérias jornalísticas, e outras fontes de investigação. Além da função arquivística dos conteúdos ofertados pelo Globoplay, os autores concluem que o arquivo exerce múltiplas funções, de diversas ordens, como a função afetiva e mercadológica, que se subalternam e garantem a sua existência.
Governance, competitiveness and performance after mergers of local government organizations in turbulent times
Authors: Pazarskis Michail , Galanis Stergios , Konstantinidis Christos , Kourtesi Sofia
Published: February 2023

This paper investigates the successful governance or not through accounting performance of local government organizations (LGOs) after mergers as part of the public sector during the period of the economic crisis in Greece. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance after the mergers of various LGOs in Greece. More specifically, the analysis of the fifteen largest Greek merged municipalities in terms of economic sizes is done using accounting measures by analyzing their competitiveness and comparing their performance per several time periods, based on their accounting data for the years 2011–2017, i.e., after the mergers that took place since the implementation of the Kallikratis Program that occurred in 2010. The research results showed statistically significant change in the examined accounting measures after the mergers in different phases of the economic crisis period in Greece. From the analysis of the accounting performance, useful conclusions are drawn about the efficiency of each new municipality, since its establishment and for seven years, as well as conclusions from the success of the Kallikratis Program
FINDeM: A CRISPR-based, molecular method for rapid, inexpensive, and field-deployable organism detection.
Authors: Hoenig Brandon , Zegar Jakub , Ohmer Michel , Chess Macie , Porter Brady , Madril Myah , Richards-Zawacki Corinne
Published: February 2023

The field of ecology has undergone a molecular revolution, with
researchers increasingly relying on DNA-based methods for organism
detection. Unfortunately, these techniques often require expensive
equipment, dedicated laboratory spaces, and specialized training in
molecular and computational techniques; limitations effectively
excluding field researchers, underfunded programs, and citizen
scientists from contributing to cutting-edge science. It is for these
reasons that we have designed a simplified, inexpensive method for
field-based molecular organism detection – FINDeM (Field-deployable
Isothermal Nucleotide-based Detection Method). In this approach, DNA is
extracted using chemical cell lysis and a cellulose filter disc,
followed by two body-heat inducible reactions – recombinase polymerase
amplification and a CRISPR-cas12a fluorescent reporter assay – to
amplify and detect target DNA, respectively. Here, we demonstrate FINDeM
in detecting Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the causative agent of
amphibian chytridiomycosis, and show that this approach can identify
single-digit DNA copies from epidermal swabs in under one hour using
low-cost supplies and field-friendly equipment.
The Small-Scale Mixing of Clouds with their Environment: Impacts on Micro-and Macroscale Cloud Properties
Authors: Hoffmann Fabian
Published: February 2023

The small-scale mixing of clouds with their environment is an essential
cloud process. Following an entrainment event, turbulent mixing breaks
down the entrained air and homogenizes it with the cloud, covering
multiple orders of magnitude in lengthscales from the entraining eddies
(∼ 100 m) down to the Kolmogorov length (∼ 1 mm). The character of this
process, traditionally categorized into homogeneous and inhomogeneous
mixing scenarios, can affect the microphysical composition of clouds,
with commensurate impacts on large-scale cloud properties such as the
cloud albedo and cloud lifetime. Based on the current physical
understanding of the small-scale mixing of cloudy and cloud-free air,
this chapter will summarize the basic theories describing this process.
By considering the wide range of involved scales, we will outline
different observational and numerical approaches used to investigate
this process in clouds, as well as methods to parameterize it in
large-scale numerical models. Finally, we will review the impacts of the
small-scale mixing process, focusing on microscale changes in the
droplet size distribution as well as macroscale effects relevant to our
understanding of clouds in the climate system.
Revisão do elenco do Componente Especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica pela Comissão de Farmácia e Terapêutica-SES/RS
Authors: Stoll Paula , Aziz Marina , Rigo Ana Paula , Gossenheimer Agnes , Schimitt Gabriela , Schneiders Roberto , Frohlich Samanta Maria
Published: February 2023

O elenco de medicamentos fornecidos em caráter ambulatorial pela Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul (SES/RS) contemplava todos medicamentos incorporados pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS) no Componente Especializado de Assistência Farmacêutica (CEAF). Porém, verificou-se a necessidade de revisão deste elenco, com base no perfil e nas necessidades da população do Estado, com o objetivo de racionalizar e ampliar o acesso aos medicamentos essenciais. A Comissão de Farmácia e Terapêutica da SES/RS elaborou um método técnico-científico de avaliação deste elenco, baseado nas linhas de cuidado dos Protocolos Clínicos e Diretrizes Terapêuticas (PCDT) do MS, com o objetivo de construir a Relação Estadual de Medicamentos com maior racionalidade e eficiência administrativa, incluindo os medicamentos considerados essenciais no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A partir deste método, medicamentos foram classificados conforme grupo de financiamento do CEAF, classe farmacológica e via de administração, além de possíveis especificidades técnicas que os tornam indispensáveis dentro de cada linha de cuidado, e após foram comparados às possíveis alternativas terapêuticas dentro de cada PCDT. Além disso, foi considerado o histórico da demanda do medicamento na SES/RS, a possibilidade atual de compra e o seu custo comparado às alternativas terapêuticas. Houve recomendação de exclusão de 37 (11,4%) itens, sem que houvesse prejuízo no tratamento dos pacientes. Todos os medicamentos excluídos da REME possuem alternativa terapêutica da mesma classe farmacológica e forma farmacêutica dentro da linha de cuidado.
Inovação Tecnológica para acesso aos medicamentos no SUS: relato da Farmácia Digital RS
Authors: Da Costa Rodrigo , Stoll Paula , Bessegato Ticiana , Schneiders Roberto
Published: February 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a concepção, implantação e implementação da plataforma Farmácia Digital RS na Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul (SES/RS). A Farmácia Digital RS é um serviço digital de consulta, solicitação e renovação de tratamentos com medicamentos e fórmulas nutricionais do Componente Especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica (CEAF) e do Programa de Medicamentos Especiais, no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A implantação da plataforma na SES/RS ocorreu em março de 2020 pelo governo estadual e foi integrada às ações estratégicas para o enfrentamento à COVID-19, corroborando com a redução da circulação de pessoas nas Farmácias de Medicamentos Especiais (FME) e nos serviços essenciais de saúde para acesso dos usuários a medicamentos no SUS. A SES/RS foi pioneira entre as secretarias estaduais de saúde no lançamento de uma plataforma digital, no âmbito da Assistência Farmacêutica, no SUS, possibilitando que solicitações administrativas de medicamentos e fórmulas nutricionais sejam realizadas digitalmente, sem necessidade de que o usuário ou seu representante realize a abertura de processo administrativo. Como resultados da implantação desse serviço, constata-se que foi viabilizado aos usuários acesso facilitado para solicitação de tratamentos pela via digital, podendo acompanhar a solicitação diretamente na plataforma, que fica disponível em tempo integral. Concomitantemente, ao profissional farmacêutico é ampliado o escopo de suas atividades voltadas ao cuidado farmacêutico e à orientação sobre o uso racional dos medicamentos, visando acompanhar os usuários que são atendidos pelas farmácias do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.
Estratégias regionais para promoção do uso racional de medicamentos
Authors: Silveira Taíse , Durigon Viviane
Published: February 2023

O acesso a medicamentos é um direito humano fundamental. Porém não é suficiente para garantir o sucesso terapêutico e evitar problemas relacionados a seu uso. Por isso utilizá-lo de forma racional traz benefícios para a pessoa e para o sistema de saúde. Considera-se que há Uso Racional de Medicamentos (URM) quando pacientes recebem medicamentos apropriados para suas condições clínicas, em doses adequadas às suas necessidades individuais, por um período adequado e ao menor custo para si e para a comunidade. Promover ações de Educação em Saúde para o URM são estratégias para a sensibilização dos profissionais e da população. O Grupo Condutor de Assistência Farmacêutica da 27ª Região de Saúde planeja e coordena ações regionais e municipais na Atenção Primária em Saúde com temáticas voltadas para o URM. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o histórico das ações realizadas de 2017 a 2021. As ações foram implementadas em todos os anos pela maioria dos municípios da região e incorporadas na rotina de alguns locais. Em todas as campanhas foram identificadas fragilidades relacionadas ao uso de medicamentos, isso evidencia que são ações que precisam ser fortalecidas. O espaço regional e o apoio técnico para discussão da política de Assistência Farmacêutica trouxeram aproximação entre os farmacêuticos dos municípios e oportunizaram desenvolver ações regionais respeitando as características locais.
Critical thinking in training bachelor of law in Vietnam under the influence of the process of internationalization of higher education and the fourth industrial revolution
Authors: The Giang Vien
Published: February 2023

Training the Bachelor of Laws to meet the requirements of thinking capacity, the ability to react to diversity, the unpredictability of unexpected events is a practical manifestation of critical thinking. Practice shows that if learners are not equipped with critical thinking in the training process, they will have difficulty in adapting to the working environment after graduation, especially for academic law training like in Vietnam. Accordingly, the training process focuses on developing the cognitive capacity, accumulating knowledge rather than developing legal professional skills for learners, so the training process for bachelor of law focuses on developing the synthetic thinking, focusing on reasoning and analysis. The manipulations and skills of the legal profession are being implemented and determined to equip only the basic skills and manipulations, and thus learners have the ability to adapt and apply the legal provisions to professional practices at the most general level.
The implementation behavioristic learning principles in santri's training of public speaking abilities through muhadharah's activities at PP Banin Banat Al-Mubtadien Kediri
Authors: Udin By Arifin Moch Bahak , Fariyatul Fahyuni Eni
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to the implementation behavioristic learning principles in santri's training of public speaking abilities through muhadharah's activities at PP Banin-Banat Al-Mubtadien Kediri. This research is descriptive qualitative research using interview, observation, and documentation methods. This study uses a purposive sampling technique to obtain sufficient in-depth data about the focus of the study. The data analysis technique used was the triangulation of the three research techniques used. This study's results indicate the application of behavioristic learning principles in practicing public speaking skills of students through muhadharah activities at PP Banin-Banat Al-Mubtadien Kediri, which can be seen in each process where the preparation, implementation, and evaluation use different learning principles for each process.
Atmospheric release of organic solvents due to hazardous events in the paints and varnishes industry
Authors: Stojadinovic Danijela , Djordjevic Amelija , Krstic Ivan , Radosavljevic Jasmina
Published: February 2023

Technogenic risk is the result of creation and development of hazards that originate from accidents in the technosphere. It involves emissions of hazardous industrial substances into the work and natural environments, fires, radioactive contamination, and contamination by toxic substances during their transport and storage. The qualitative and quantitative technogenic risk assessment has to be performed during the use, handling, transport, and storage of hazardous substances if it is decided that specific environmental elements at a specific location are likely to become exposed to hazardous substances, leading to environmental degradation. This paper discusses vulnerability zones - specifically, the high lethality zone and the irreversible effects zone - that are formed due to hazardous events or accidents in the paints and varnishes industry. Accidents are discussed in terms of exposure to solvents classified as hazardous to ecosystem components, the biosphere, anthroposphere, and the human population during their atmospheric dispersion. The vulnerability zones are designated using the REHRA (Rapid Environmental and Health Risk Assessment) methodology and their spatial arrangement is used to perform the risk assessment for the purpose of notifying authorized institutions and the public about a potentially increased risk at the hazard location and/or the immediate vicinity.
Soil radon exhalation rate measurement in Duhok city by two techniques
Authors: Alhamdi Walat , Abdullah M-S
Published: February 2023

Radon exhalation rate is the rate of radioactive radon gas that escapes from
the soil into the atmosphere. In this study exhalation rate of radon was
measured for 33 samples of soil, in four districts of Duhok province, using
two different techniques: one using radon concentration and other using
radium content, by both alpha and gamma spectroscopy. For the radon measurement, alpha-sensitive RAD7 detector was used. While in the second
method, radon exhalation rate was expressed as a function of radium
concentration, measured by well type NaI (Tl) detector and other soil
parameters. Analysis, shows that the average of radon exhalation rate, by
the first technique, varies from 14.6 ? 3.2 to 55.7 ? 1.6 Bqm-2h-1, while by
the second technique, it varies from 13.3 ? 2.4 to 50.6 ? 4.1 Bqm-2h-1.
Overall, the measured values, for both methods at all the sample points,
present a good correlation and less than global mean average
recommendation.
Legislative framework of nuclear security in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Nikac Zeljko , Stankovic Srboljub , Radovic Nenad
Published: February 2023

The paper presents the concept and characteristics of nuclear security, the
elements of the nu- clear safety strategy, the legislative framework and the
most important solutions from the Law on Radiation and Nuclear Safety and
Security. At the international level, the most important entity in this
field is the International Atomic Energy Agency, while at the national
level, most important is the Directorate for Radiation and Nuclear Safety
and Security of Serbia. An important role is played by the Vinca Institute
of Nuclear Sciences as the most referential scientific institution in this
field, as well as the operational bodies - Nuclear Facilities of Serbia, the
Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Defence, and the Serbian Armed
Forces. Engagement of these bodies is carried out in regular peacetime
circumstances, emergency situations and wartime. The most important
challenges, risks and threats to nuclear security of Serbia were pointed out
as well as the need to harmonize norms, procedures and processes in purpose
of the strengthening institutional mechanisms in the field of nuclear
security.
Psoriatic Insomnia: A Subjective and Objective Sleep Evaluation
Authors: Vlami Katerina , Pantelidi Kleoniki , Dalamaga Maria , Karagianni Fani , Theodoropoulos Konstantinos , Papiris Spyridon , Papadavid Evangelia
Published: February 2023

Psoriasis may affect patients’ sleep. In order to examine this relationship, this study evaluated non-anxious and non-depressive patients with moderate to severe psoriasis before and after 6 months of systemic treatment. A prospective case-control study with 46 consecutive patients (mean age 51.1 ± 12.8 years, 18 women) and 24 age-, sex- and body mass index-matched controls (mean age 46.5 ± 15.4 years, 12 women) was conducted to assess sleep using both sleep questionnaires and actigraphy. Of psoriatic patients, 91.3% were poor sleepers, and 65.2% of the psoriatic patients presented insomnia symptoms, compared with 54.2% and 33.3% of the control group (p < 0.001, p = 0.02, respectively). Actigraphy showed that Total Sleep Time was shorter in patients, while 82.6% of the psoriatic patients had poor Sleep Efficiency, compared with controls (p = 0.004, p = 0.03, respectively). Patients’ quality of life was associated with sleep disturbance (p < 0.001), and pruritus was negatively correlated with sleep duration (p < 0.001). After 6 months of treatment, patients’ sleep pattern, according to actigraphy, had not changed significantly; however, they had insomnia for no longer than the control group (p = 0.65), whereas the above-mentioned correlations were non-significant after treatment. Psoriatic insomnia was improved after 6 months of systemic treatment. Actigraphy may be used as an objective tool to evaluate sleep in these patients.
Effect of Ceramic Thickness on Light Attenuation, Degree of Conversion, Knoop Hardness, and Elastic Modulus of Four Luting Resins
Authors: Mazão JD , Braga SSL , Brangança G , Zancopé K , Price RB , Soares CJ
Published: February 2023

Objectives

This study evaluated the influence of the thickness of disilicate ceramic on the light attenuation (mW/cm2), degree of conversion (DC, %), Knoop hardness (KH, N/mm2) and the elastic modulus (E, MPa) of four luting resins.

Methods

Three resin cements: RelyX Veneer (RV, 3M Oral Care, Monrovia, CA USA); Allcem Veneer APS (AC, FGM); Variolink Esthetic LC (VE, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and one flowable resin composite Tetric N-Flow (TF, Ivoclar Vivadent) were photocured for 20 seconds. The irradiance (mW/cm2) and emission spectrum (mW/cm2/nm) from a broad-spectrum LED light unit (Bluephase G2, Ivoclar Vivadent) were measured over the luting material (control) and through 0.3 mm, 0.7 mm, and 1.0 mm thick ceramic discs (e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent).

Results

The LED light delivered 26.1 J/cm2 to the surface and 6.2 J/cm2 through the 1.0 mm thick ceramic. The distribution of violet and blue light across the light tip of the light-curing unit (LCU) was relatively homogeneous, but there was less violet range. The irradiance and spectral radiant power decreased significantly as the ceramic thicknesses increased (p<0.001). The luting material type had significant effect on KH and E values (p<0.001). The RV had the greatest KH and E values, and VE had the lowest. Ceramic thickness had no significant effect on KH (p=0.213) and E (p=0.130). The KH (p=0.265) and E (p=0.165) were also not influenced by the location where these measurements were made across the specimens. No significant reduction of the DC was observed as the ceramic thickness increased (p=0.311).

Conclusion

Increasing the ceramic thickness exponentially reduced the irradiance. This reduction was more pronounced at the shorter wavelengths (violet) of light, with an 82% decrease for 1 mm-thick ceramic. Increasing the ceramic thickness did not affect the DC, irrespective of photoinitiators used in the tested resins. The position of the violet and blue LEDs within the body of the LCU did not influence KH or E in any of the resins tested. The KH and E of VE were significantly lower than the other 3 luting materials tested.
Territorialstatens tilstand i dagens Midtøsten
Authors: Ullavik Erstad Henriette
Published: February 2023

Sammendrag
Hvordan forstå Midtøsten i dag? Til tross for et enormt litterært landskap som forsøker å belyse denne komplekse regionen, er dette et spørsmål man ikke bør ta lett på. Dette bokessayet diskuterer hvordan de tre bøkene Brennpunkt Midtøsten: Byene som prisme (Butenschøn & Maktabi 2018), Fra opprør til kaos: Midtøsten etter den arabiske våren (Nordenson 2018) og Israel: Historie, politikk og samfunn (Heian-Engdal 2018) bidrar til vår forståelse av Midtøsten i dag. Selv om bøkene har ulike hovedfokus, har de til felles at de beskriver og analyser tilstanden til en rekke av regionens territorialstater. Selv om begreper som suverenitet og territoriell integritet ikke nødvendigvis gir mening i regionen i dag, redegjør bøkene for hvorfor det likevel ikke ser ut til at vi kommer til å se noen endringer i eksisterende statsdannelser i tiden som kommer.
Abstract in English
How to understand the contemporary Middle East? Despite a growing literary landscape attempting to illuminate this complex region, this question should not be taken lightly. This essay discusses how the following books contribute to our understanding of the region today: Brennpunkt Midtøsten: Byene som prisme (Butenschøn & Maktabi 2018), Fra opprør til kaos: Midtøsten etter den arabiske våren (Nordenson 2018) and Israel: Historie, politikk og samfunn (Heian-Engdal 2018). While the books have different thematic approaches, all three describe and analyse the current state of the region’s territorial entities. Although concepts such as sovereignty and territorial integrity do not necessarily make much sense in the region today, the authors explain why it is unlikely that we are going to see any changes in existing state formations in the foreseeable future.
Forholdet mellom elevers motivasjon for kroppsøvingsfaget, motivasjonsklima og tilhørighet i kroppsøvingstimene, og deres intensjon om å være fysisk aktive etter endt obligatorisk skolegang
Authors: Haugen Tommy , Erdvik Irina B. , Laxdal Aron , Kloster Benjamin Wang , Säfvenbom Reidar
Published: February 2023

Studiens hensikt var å undersøke forholdet mellom elevers tilhørighet i kroppsøvingstimene, deres opplevelse av motivasjonsklimaet i faget og deres intensjon om å være fysisk aktive etter endt obligatorisk skolegang, samt å undersøke i hvilken grad autonom og kontrollert motivasjon medierte det ovennevnte forholdet. Tverrsnittsdata fra 2610 avgangselever ved ungdoms- og videregående skoler fra fire forskjellige geografiske områder i Norge dannet grunnlaget for mediasjonsanalysen. Denne målte indirekte effekter ved hjelp av en bias-korrigert bootstrapping metode. Resultatene viste at opplevd tilhørighet og opplevd mestringsklima i faget var positivt assosiert med elevers intensjoner om å være fysisk aktive etter endt skolegang, både uavhengig av og mediert gjennom elevenes autonome motivasjon. Prestasjonsklima var imidlertid negativt assosiert med intensjon gjennom amotivasjon, og positivt assosiert med intensjon gjennom kontrollert motivasjon. Studien viser at opplevelser av gode relasjoner mellom alle deltakende parter i kroppsøvingstimene, samt mestringsorientert motivasjonsklima, kan være viktig for en fysisk aktiv livsstil gjennom intensjon om fysisk aktivitet etter endt skolegang.
The relationship between students’ motivation for physical education, sense of belonging and perceived motivational climate, and their intentions to be physically active after graduation
The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between physical education students’ sense of belonging, perceived motivational climate, and intentions to be physically active after graduation, and to explore the mediating effect self-determined motivation had on the aforementioned relationship. The study utilized cross-sectional data from 2610 lower- and upper secondary school students from four different geographical areas in Norway. The results of a mediation analysis of indirect effects showed that a sense of belonging and a perceived mastery climate were positively associated with the students’ intention to be physically active past graduation; both directly and mediated through the students’ autonomous motivation. The relationship between performance climate and students’ intentions to be physically active appears to be divergent, with the indirect effect through amotivation being negative, while the indirect affect through controlled motivation was positive. The present study provides evidence of associations between students’ sense of belonging in physical education and mastery climate and the intention of physically active post-graduation lifestyle among students.
Politikerløftet – den nødvendige debatten
Authors: Trippestad Tom Are
Published: February 2023

I snart 30 år har profesjon etter profesjon vært effektivisert gjennom mål- og resultatstyring. Unntaket er politikerne. Vi må nå tørre å reise debatten om en kvalitetsheving også av politikken.
English abstract
Politician Reform – An Urgent Concern
For nearly 30 years, more and more professions have been ameliorated through management by objectives and results – the exception being politicians. We must now dare to raise debate about quality reform in politics.
Å bli til med litteraturen. En metafysisk og nevrovitenskapelig forståelse av skjønnlitteraturens virkning
Authors: Harstad Ola
Published: February 2023

Denne artikkelen bidrar til den litteraturdidaktiske tenkningen omkring hvilken litteratur man kan lese, hvordan man kan arbeide med litteraturen og hvorfor. Fokuset rettes mot skjønnlitteraturens potensielle virkning på elev- og studentlesere, som diskuteres gjennom et dobbelt perspektiv: et metafysisk som knyttes til Gilles Deleuzes vitalisme, og et nevrovitenskapelig som knyttes til begrepet om plastisitet. Perspektivene supplerer hverandre, og bidrar til en forståelse av litteraturens virkning som både problematiserer gjeldende læreplans målstyring og en faglighetsorientert litteraturdidaktikk: Litteraturens virkning lar seg ikke predeterminere, måle eller enkelt artikulere. I så måte ender artikkelen opp med å fremheve det «umulige» ved en type litteraturundervisning som på forhånd søker å bestemme hva som kommer ut av leserens møte med litteraturen.
English abstract
Becoming with literature. A metaphysical and neuroscientific understanding of the impact of literature
This article contributes to the literature didactic thinking on which literature we can read, how we can work with literature, and why. The focus lies on the impact of fiction on pupil- and student- readers, discussed through a double perspective: a metaphysical perspective linked to Gilles Deleuze’s vitalism, and a neuroscientific perspective linked to the concept of plasticity. The perspectives complement each other and contribute to an understanding of the impact of literature that problematizes both management by objectives in current curriculum and a subject-oriented literature teaching: The impact of literature cannot be predetermined, measured, nor easily articulated. In this way, the article emphasizes the «impossible» of a type of literature teaching that seeks to determine the readers encounter with literature.
Development of Pneumothorax Concurrent with Pleural Effusion in a Critically Ill Patient of Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy with Covid-19 Pneumonia: A Case Report
Authors: S Shekhar
Published: February 2023

Development of pneumothorax in COVID-19 pneumonia is a rare occurrence, incidence approximately 1%, while the incidence of pleural effusion varies between 2%-11%. A young patient with COVID-19 pneumonia and unstable hemodynamics was referred to our hospital. She had undergone an emergency laparotomy two days back for ruptured ectopic pregnancy during which she suffered hemorrhagic shock followed by episodes of pulseless ventricular tachycardia and was resuscitated. On her third day of intensive care stay at our centre, she remained critical and developed pleural effusion with concurrent pneumothorax with the complete collapse of the left lung. Here we present a rare complication in COVID-19 pneumonia, pleural effusion and concurrent pneumothorax leading to complete collapse of hemi-lung and its implications on the cardiorespiratory status of our critically ill patient.
E-Comic berbasis Problem Based Learning Muatan IPS Materi Jenis-Jenis Pekerjaan Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Ni Putu Sintya Dewi Utari , I Wayan Sujana
Published: February 2023

Kurangnya variasi media pembelajaran menyebabkan kegiatan pembelajaran menjadi membosankan dan tidak mampu memenuhi kebutuhan belajar siswa. Konten pada media juga belum mampu menggambarkan kondisi nyata, sehingga menurunkan kebermaknaan dalam pembelajaran. Hal tersebut mendorong penelitian pengembangan ini dengan tujuan untuk menciptakan dan mendeskripsikan kelayakan E-Comic berbasis Problem Based Learning pada muatan IPS materi jenis-jenis pekerjaan kelas IV sekolah dasar. Produk dikembangkan sesuai dengan prosedur model pengembangan ADDIE. Subjek uji coba produk terdiri atas seorang ahli isi, seorang ahli desain dan media pembelajaran, tiga siswa pada uji perorangan, dan sembilan siswa pada uji kelompok kecil. Data penelitian berupa data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif yang diperoleh melalui tiga metode, yakni metode wawancara, observasi, dan kuesioner. Data selanjutnya dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif terhadap skor dalam angket, dan dengan teknik deskriptif kualitatif terhadap data berupa tanggapan dari subjek penelitian. Validitas e-comic ditentukan dari hasil uji ahli isi pembelajaran yang memperoleh persentase 92,30%. Hasil ahli desain pembelajaran dengan persentase 95%. Ahli media pembelajaran memperoleh persentase 95%. Hasil uji perorangan mendapatkan persentase skor 93,33%. Hasil uji kelompok kecil dengan persentase skor 94,33%. E-Comic berbasis Problem Based Learning pada muatan IPS materi jenis-jenis pekerjaan di kelas IV sekolah dasar dinyatakan layak diterapkan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran.
Konten Digital Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik Pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Siswa Kelas IV
Authors: Iztiqa Mud'haz Pratiwi  , I Nyoman Jampel
Published: February 2023

Kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas hanya mengandalkan media konvensional yaitu papan tulis dan buku pelajaran. Selain itu metode yang digunakan guru sebatas ceramah dan tanya jawab sehingga siswa cenderung merasa bosan dan kurang tertarik mengikuti pelajaran. Hal tersebut tentu akan mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa sehingga perlu adanya pembelajaran inovatif, fleksibel, dan efektif yang dapat merangsang siswa dalam belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa melalui pengembangan konten digital berbasis pendekatan saintifik. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu pengembangan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE. Subjek penelitian  terdiri dari 1 ahli mata pelajaran, 1 ahli desain, dan 1 ahli media serta 9 siswa untuk uji coba produk. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan kuesioner, dengan instrument penelitian berupa lembar observasi, lembar wawancara dan lembar kuesioner. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konten digital yang dikembangkan dinyatakan valid dengan masing-masing penilaian: (a) Hasil review ahli isi (96,00%), (b) Hasil review ahli desain (94,54%), (c) Hasil review ahli media (93,84%), (d) Hasil uji coba perorangan (87,03%), dan hasil uji coba kelompok kecil (90,55%). Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan konten digital berbasis pendekatan saintifik dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA kelas IV.
Flipbook Maker Based E-Module in Hand, Foot and Nail Care Courses
Authors: Anisa Taqwina  , Rahmiati  , Linda Rosalina  , Refdinal
Published: February 2023

The learning objectives of hand, foot and nail care for students of makeup and beauty education is not sufficient and not optimal. Therefore, there is a need for innovation in learning, especially hand care and foot care learning materials. ICT-based modul is solution to overcome this problem. This study aims to develop e-module learning media based on flipbook maker in the department of cosmetology and beauty. The methodology used is Research and Development (R&D) with the Four D procedure through the stages of define, design, develop and disseminate. The research subjects were 3 media experts and 3 material experts. While the research subjects in the practical test were 2 lecturers and 20 students of the department of cosmetology and beauty. Data were obtained by using test instruments to test the effectiveness and non-test instruments to test the validity and practicality of the research process. Data analysis uses V Aiken calculations for product validation, percentage formulas for practicality and effectiveness. The results of this research show there is a significant comparison of students' understanding of hand, foot and nail care using flipbook maker-based e-module learning media. Based on all these analyzes it was concluded that the e-module based on flipbook maker was stated to be valid, practical and effective as one of the learning media for the hand, foot and nail care course.
Дводвигунний частотнорегульований асинхронний електропривід з покращеними електромагнітною та електромеханічною сумісністю
Authors: Куцик Андрій , Семенюк Микола , Подскарбі Гжегож
Published: February 2023

Дводвигунний асинхронний частотнорегульований електропривід використовують як альтернативу однодвигунного електроприводу в тих випадках, коли є складності в реалізації однодвигуннного електроприводу, які зв’язані з реалізацією механічної передачі. Дводвигунний електропривід приводить в рух тягові механізми, робочі органи електротранспортних засобів. Для живлення двох асинхронних двигунів використовують один або два автономних інвертори напруги з широтно-імпульсною модуляцією. Недоліком таких інверторів напруги є те, що змінна напруга формується як високочастотна послідовність імпульсів різної полярності з крутим фронтом. Це спричиняє появу хвильових процесів у кабелі та, відповідно, перенапруги на обмотках статора асинхронного двигуна. Для вирішення проблеми запропоновано використовувати шеститактні інвертори напруги із законом керування ключами 180 град. Проте такий привід має задовільні показники електромагнітної та електромеханічної сумісності, зокрема, наявність шостої гармоніки в електромагнітному моменті двигуна та шостої гармоніки у вхідній потужності інвертора. Це обмежує діапазон регулювання частоти обертання асинхронного двигуна. З метою покращення електромагнітної та електромеханічної сумісності у дводвигунному електроприводі запропоновано зміщення в часі вихідних напруг шеститактних інверторів на 30 електричних градусів, що досягається зміщенням провідності вентилів другого інвертора. Для аналізу електромеханічних процесів дводвигунного електроприводу з двома шести- тактними інверторами напруги, зміщеними в час на 30°, розроблено математичну модель методом середніх напруг на кроці числового інтегрування. Результати математичного моделювання підтвердили, що запропоноване рішення дає змогу покращити електромагнітну сумісність електроприводу з джерелом постійної напруги та електро- механічну сумісність електроприводу з навантаження порівняно з однодвигунним електропри- водом, зокрема ліквідувати шосту гармоніку вхідної потужності інверторів та шосту гармоніку електромагнітного моменту асинхронного електроприводу, зменшити більше ніж у вісім разів амплітуду пульсації електромагнітного моменту та більше ніж у два рази амплітуду пульсації вхідного струму.
Математична модель магнітного стану однофазного колекторного двигуна
Authors: Гавдьо Ігор
Published: February 2023

Однофазні колекторні двигуни (ОКД) із послідовним збудженням мають просту конструкцію та невелику вартість, тому перспективні щодо застосування для приводу приладів побутової техніки та електричного ручного інструменту. Це зумовлює необхідність створення математичних моделей ОКД, які дали б змогу як розробляти нові, так і модернізувати наявні зразки таких двигунів. Мета статті – створення інженерної математичної моделі магнітного стану ОКД із використанням колових методів. Вихідними параметрами для цієї моделі є розміри магнітного кола, обмоткові дані та миттєві значення струмів статора і якоря. Розроблена модель дає змогу визначити криву поля у повітряному проміжку ОКД, а також розрахувати магнітні індукції на всіх інших ділянках магнітного кола ОКД. Математичну модель магнітного стану ОКД розглянуто на прикладі найпоширенішої двополюсної конструкції. Магнітний стан ОКД подано вичерпною заступною схемою магнітопроводу із зосередженими параметрами. Окремі ділянки магнітопроводу, в межах яких магнітне поле вважається однорідним, замінені магнітними опорами. Нелінійні магнітні опори (НМО) відповідають феромагнітним ділянкам магнітопроводу та зубцевій зоні якоря, а постійні магнітні опори (ПМО) – ділянкам повітряного проміжку та ділянкам, де протікають потоки розсіяння. НМО представлені нелінійними характеристиками як залежностями намагнічувальнх сил (НС) від магнітного потоку – F [Ф]. Активний шар якоря ОКД під полюсами в площині, яка перпендикулярна до осі обертання двигуна, поділено на m рівномірних секторів. Заступна схема магнітного кола ОКД містить НМО ділянок ярма статора, полюсів статора, зубцевого шару якоря, ярма якоря, а також ПМО ділянок повітряного проміжку і можливих шляхів замикання потоків розсіяння. Для складання системи рівнянь, яка описує заступну схему, використано метод контурних потоків. Систему нелінійних алгебричних рівнянь можна розв’язати, зокрема, ітераційним методом Ньютона. Запропонована математична модель магнітного стану ОКД може бути основою для розроблення математичних моделей розрахунку перехідних режимів та статичних характеристик цього типу двигуна.
Аналіз магнітних моментів високоефективного магнітного редуктора
Authors: Макарчук Олена , Крохмальний Б. , Зубчик І. , Цалус Д.
Published: February 2023

Розглянуто принцип дії, конструкцію та особливості розрахунку магнітних моментів безконтактного одноступеневого магнітного редуктора, що відрізняється від механічних зубчастих передач необмеженим ресурсом, високим рівнем надійності та відсутністю потреби в обслуговуванні. Метою дослідження є розроблення алгоритму розрахунку величини магнітних моментів магнітного редуктора коаксіального типу. Методи дослідження, які застосовують для досягнення поставленої мети, поєднують у собі переваги аналітичних підходів та числового симуляційного моделювання. Розроблення алгоритму обчислення моментів та аналіз отриманих технічних показників здійснено на підставі методів класичної електротехніки та теорії магнітних кіл, а верифікацію прийнятих рішень, пов’язаних зі структурою заступної схеми магнітного кола редуктора, виконано за допомогою методу скінченних елементів. Розроблений алгоритм ґрунтується на припущенні про взаємодію двох гармонічних хвиль магніторушійних сил швидкохідної та тихохідної обертових частин редуктора з результуючим магнітним полем, модульованим за амплітудою за допомогою магнітопровідного кільця зі змінною магнітною провідністю у тангенціальному напрямі. Інтегральні показники такої взаємодії, зокрема магнітні моменти, визначаються через похідну енергії магнітного поля за кутом повороту відповідного ротора. Виконаний FEM-аналіз магнітного поля дав змогу розробити заступну схему магнітного кола такого редуктора, параметри якої визначаються на підставі розмірів частин магнітопроводу та магнітних властивостей використаних матеріалів. Розв’язок системи лінійних рівнянь, які описують цю заступну схему, – це величини, що характеризують магнітне поле редуктора (магнітні потоки, МРС полюсів, спади магнітних напруг). Саме їх безпосередньо використовують у алгоритмі розрахунку магнітних моментів. У статті описано конструкцію та принцип дії магнітного редуктора коаксіального типу. Наведено порівняння результатів розрахунку максимальних моментів таких редукторів з різним передавальним числом, отриманих із використанням пропонованого аналітичного алгоритму та FEM-аналізу.