bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Plasmodium falciparum pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions on malaria control worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Molina-de la Fuente Irene , Pastor Andrea , Herrador Zaida , Benito Agustín , Berzosa Pedro
Published: June 2021

Background

Deletion of pfhrp2 and/or pfhrp3 genes cause false negatives in malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and threating malaria control strategies. This systematic review aims to assess the main methodological aspects in the study of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions and its global epidemiological status, with special focus on their distribution in Africa; and its possible impact in RDT.

Methods

The systematic review was conducted by examining the principal issues of study design and methodological workflow of studies addressing pfhrp2 deletion. Meta-analysis was applied to represent reported prevalences of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 single and double deletion in the World Health Organization (WHO) region. Pooled-prevalence of deletions was calculated using DerSimonnian-Laird random effect model. Then, in-deep analysis focused on Africa was performed to assess possible variables related with these deletions. Finally, the impact of these deletions in RDT results was analysed combining reported information about RDT sensitivity and deletion prevalences.

Results

49 articles were included for the systematic review and 37 for the meta-analysis, 13 of them placed in Africa. Study design differs significantly, especially in terms of population sample and information reported, resulting in high heterogeneity between studies that difficulties comparisons and merged conclusions. Reported prevalences vary widely in all the WHO regions, significantly higher deletion were reported in South-Central America, following by Africa and Asia. Pfhrp3 deletion is more prevalent (43% in South-Central America; 3% in Africa; and 1% in Asia) than pfhrp2 deletion (18% in South-Central America; 4% in Africa; and 3% in Asia) worldwide. In Africa, there were not found differences in deletion prevalence by geographical or population origin of samples. The prevalence of deletion among false negatives ranged from 0 to 100% in Africa, but in Asia and South-Central America was only up to 90% and 48%, respectively, showing substantial relation between deletions and false negatives.

Conclusion

The concerning prevalence of pfhrp2, pfhrp3 and pfhrp2/3 gene deletions, as its possible implications in malaria control, highlights the importance of regular and systematic surveillance of these deletions. This review has also outlined that a standardized methodology could play a key role to ensure comparability between studies to get global conclusions.
Pervasive systemic drivers underpin COVID-19 vulnerabilities in migrants
Authors: Mukumbang Ferdinand C
Published: June 2021

Asylum seekers, refugees and undocumented foreign nationals have always been identified as a vulnerable population owing to the longstanding structural barriers and inequalities that they continually face. Their vulnerabilities have become more conspicuous and exacerbated since the advent of the Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The plights of these migrants around the world, in the COVID-19 era, are therefore underpinned by not-so-new but enforced, re-emerging and adapting pre-existing systemic inequality drivers. Long-standing and pre-existing systemic drivers such as nationalism and anti-migrant or xenophobic stigma, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, have metamorphosed into COVID-19 nationalism and COVID-19–related xenophobic stigma respectively, fomenting discriminatory and segregation-laden policies and programmes. Transformative changes of asylum policies taking holistic and systematic perspectives while fostering the involvement of migrants in government planning and policy processes to redesign better policies are required to tackle the pervasive systemic drivers that underpin COVID-19 vulnerabilities in the identified migrant groups.
Endometrial thickness following early miscarriage in IVF patients – is there a preferred management approach?
Authors: Karavani Gilad , Alexandroni Heli , Sheinin Daniel , Dior Uri P. , Simon Alex , Ben-Meir Assaf , Reubinoff Benjamin
Published: June 2021

Background

Endometrial thickness (ET) has previously been shown to positively correlate with implantation and clinical pregnancy rates. Pregnancies achieved using in-vitro fertilization (IVF) technique are prone to higher rates of early miscarriage. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of expectant management, medical treatment (Misoprostol) and dilation and curettage (D&C) for early miscarriage following IVF cycles on the subsequent cycle outcomes - endometrial thickness and reproductive outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of women who underwent embryo transfer, conceived and had first trimester miscarriage with at least one subsequent embryo transfer. ET measurements during fresh or frozen-thawed IVF cycles were assessed for each patient. Comparisons of ET differences between the miscarriage and the subsequent cycles, as well as reproductive outcomes, were performed according to the initial miscarriage management approach.

Results

A total of 223 women were included in the study. Seventy-eight women were managed conservatively, 61 were treated with Misoprostol and 84 women underwent D&C. Management by D&C, compared to conservative management and Misoprostol treatment was associated with higher prevalence of a significant (> 2 mm) ET decrease (29.8%% vs. 14.1and 6.6%, respectively; p < .001) and was the only approach associated with a significant increase in the rates of ET under 7 and 8 mm in the following cycle (p = 0.006 and 0.035; respectively).

Clinical pregnancy rates were significantly lower following D&C compared with conservative management and Misoprostol (16.7% vs. 38.5 and 27.9%, respectively; p = 0.008) as well as implantation rate (11.1% vs. 30.5.% and 17.7, respectively; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our data suggest that D&C management of a miscarriage is associated with decreased ET and higher rates of thin endometrium in the subsequent IVF cycle, compared with conservative management and Misoprostol treatment. In addition, implantation and pregnancy rates were significantly lower after D&C.
Investigating resistin like beta (RETNLB) as a tumor promoter for oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jin Hong , Miao Hui , Nie Yuan-Wen , Lin Yang-Yang
Published: June 2021

Background

Oral cavity cancer ranks the sixth most common malignancy worldwide, of which oral squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant type. This study aimed to investigate the function and the underlying mechanism of resistin like beta (RETNLB) in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods

The data of oral squamous cell carcinoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to examine RETNLB expression and assess its correlation with the clinical outcomes. Biological functions of RETNLB on the growth, invasion and migration of cells were determined by cell counting kit 8, clonogenic growth, and Transwell assays. Gene set enrichment analysis was utilized to identify the important gene sets associated with RETNLB expression, which was further confirmed by western blot.

Results

We found that RETNLB was upregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues and cells. High expression of RETNLB was closely linked to age and pathological tumor, and significantly related to poor survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Further functional experiments showed that knockdown of RETNLB significantly reduced the viability, mobility and invasiveness of cells. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis suggested that Toll-like receptor signaling pathway was significantly correlated with high RETNLB expression. Further western blot analysis verified that silencing RETNLB could notably suppress the protein levels of Toll-like receptor 2, Toll-like receptor 4 and phosphor- extracellular signal-regulated kinase.

Conclusions

These results suggested that downregulation of RETNLB may restrain the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by inactivating TLR/2/4/ERK pathway.
Protocol: analytical methods for visualizing the indolic precursor network leading to auxin biosynthesis
Authors: Tillmann Molly , Tang Qian , Cohen Jerry D.
Published: June 2021

Background

The plant hormone auxin plays a central role in regulation of plant growth and response to environmental stimuli. Multiple pathways have been proposed for biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the primary auxin in a number of plant species. However, utilization of these different pathways under various environmental conditions and developmental time points remains largely unknown.

Results

Monitoring incorporation of stable isotopes from labeled precursors into proposed intermediates provides a method to trace pathway utilization and characterize new biosynthetic routes to auxin. These techniques can be aided by addition of chemical inhibitors to target specific steps or entire pathways of auxin synthesis.

Conclusions

Here we describe techniques for pathway analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings using multiple stable isotope-labeled precursors and chemical inhibitors coupled with highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) methods. These methods should prove to be useful to researchers studying routes of IAA biosynthesis in vivo in a variety of plant tissues.
Metric learning for image-based flower cultivars identification
Authors: Zhang Ruisong , Tian Ye , Zhang Junmei , Dai Silan , Hou Xiaogai , Wang Jue , Guo Qi
Published: June 2021

Background

The study of plant phenotype by deep learning has received increased interest in recent years, which impressive progress has been made in the fields of plant breeding. Deep learning extremely relies on a large amount of training data to extract and recognize target features in the field of plant phenotype classification and recognition tasks. However, for some flower cultivars identification tasks with a huge number of cultivars, it is difficult for traditional deep learning methods to achieve better recognition results with limited sample data. Thus, a method based on metric learning for flower cultivars identification is proposed to solve this problem.

Results

We added center loss to the classification network to make inter-class samples disperse and intra-class samples compact, the script of ResNet18, ResNet50, and DenseNet121 were used for feature extraction. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a public dataset Oxford 102 Flowers dataset and two novel datasets constructed by us are chosen. For the method of joint supervision of center loss and L2-softmax loss, the test accuracy rate is 91.88%, 97.34%, and 99.82% across three datasets, respectively. Feature distribution observed by T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (T-SNE) verifies the effectiveness of the method presented above.

Conclusions

An efficient metric learning method has been described for flower cultivars identification task, which not only provides high recognition rates but also makes the feature extracted from the recognition network interpretable. This study demonstrated that the proposed method provides new ideas for the application of a small amount of data in the field of identification, and has important reference significance for the flower cultivars identification research.
Using the biopsychosocial model for identifying subgroups of detained juveniles at different risk of re-offending in practice: a latent class regression analysis approach
Authors: de Ruigh E. L. , Bouwmeester S. , Popma A. , Vermeiren R. R. J. M. , van Domburgh L. , Jansen L. M. C.
Published: June 2021

Background

Juvenile delinquents constitute a heterogeneous group, which complicates decision-making based on risk assessment. Various psychosocial factors have been used to define clinically relevant subgroups of juvenile offenders, while neurobiological variables have not yet been integrated in this context. Moreover, translation of neurobiological group differences to individual risk assessment has proven difficult. We aimed to identify clinically relevant subgroups associated with differential youth offending outcomes, based on psychosocial and neurobiological characteristics, and to test whether the resulting model can be used for risk assessment of individual cases.

Methods

A group of 223 detained juveniles from juvenile justice institutions was studied. Latent class regression analysis was used to detect subgroups associated with differential offending outcome (recidivism at 12 month follow-up). As a proof of principle, it was tested in a separate group of 76 participants whether individual cases could be assigned to the identified subgroups, using a prototype ‘tool’ for calculating class membership.

Results

Three subgroups were identified: a ‘high risk—externalizing’ subgroup, a ‘medium risk—adverse environment’ subgroup, and a ‘low risk—psychopathic traits’ subgroup. Within these subgroups, both autonomic nervous system and neuroendocrinological measures added differentially to the prediction of subtypes of reoffending (no, non-violent, violent). The ‘tool’ for calculating class membership correctly assigned 92.1% of participants to a class and reoffending risk.

Conclusions

The LCRA approach appears to be a useful approach to integrate neurobiological and psychosocial risk factors to identify subgroups with different re-offending risk within juvenile justice institutions. This approach may be useful in the development of a biopsychosocial assessment tool and may eventually help clinicians to assign individuals to those subgroups and subsequently tailor intervention based on their re-offending risk.
SUMMER Trial: mesh versus suture repair in small umbilical hernias in adults—a study protocol for a prospective randomized double-blind multicenter clinical trial
Authors: Melkemichel M. , Bringman S. , Granåsen G. , Widhe B.
Published: June 2021

Background

Small umbilical hernia repair is one of the most common surgical performances in general surgery. Yet, a gold standard procedure for the repair is still lacking today. There is an increasing evidence that mesh could be advantageous compared to suture repair in lowering recurrence rates. An additional important question remains with regard to the optimal anatomical positioning of the mesh. We hypothesize that the use of an onlay mesh in small umbilical hernia defects can reduce recurrence rates without increasing the complications compared to a simple suture repair.

Methods

A prospective, national, multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing a standardized 4 × 4 cm onlay mesh to a conventional suture repair will be conducted. A total of 288 patients with a primary elective umbilical hernia ≤ 2 cm from 7 participating Swedish surgical centers will be enrolled. Intraoperative randomization will take place using a centralized web-based system resulting in total allocation concealment. Stratification will be done by surgical site and by defect size. Trial participants and follow-up clinical surgeons will be blinded to the assigned allocation. The primary outcome assessed will be postoperative recurrence at 1 and 3 years. Secondary outcomes assessed will be postoperative complications at 30 days and pain 1 year after surgery.

Discussion

Currently, there has been no randomized clinical trial comparing the recurrence rates between an onlay mesh repair and a simple suture repair for small umbilical hernia defects. How to best repair a small umbilical hernia continues to be debated. This trial design should allow for a good assessment of the differences in recurrence rate due to the large sample size and the adequate follow-up. Surgeons’ concerns surrounding optimal anatomical positioning and fear for larger required dissections are understandable. A small onlay mesh may become an easy and safe method of choice to reduce recurrence rates. Guidelines for small umbilical hernia repairs have stressed the need for reliable data to improve treatment recommendations. We can expect that this trial will have a direct implication on small umbilical hernia repair standards.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04231071. Registered on 31 January 2020. SUMMER Trial underwent external peer review as part of the funding process.
Acaricidal activity of Cinnamomum cassia (Chinese cinnamon) against the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis is linked to its content of (E)-cinnamaldehyde
Authors: Nwanade Chuks F. , Wang Min , Wang Tianhong , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Can , Yu Zhijun , Liu Jingze
Published: June 2021

Background

The tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Neumann) is a well-known vector of numerous pathogens of veterinary and medical importance. Various control strategies, including the use of synthetic pesticides, have been developed to control this tick species. However, demand for effective and safe alternative pesticides is increasing due to the adverse effects associated with the intensive and injudicious use of synthetic pesticides, which include undesirable effects on non-target species and environmental pollution. Hence, the acaricidal activity of the extract and the essential oil of Cinnamomum cassia (Chinese cinnamon) and their major components, and the underlying mechanisms of this activity, were evaluated against unfed larvae and nymphs of H. longicornis.

Methods

The components of the extract and essential oil of C. cassia were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and their larvicidal and nymphicidal activity were evaluated using the larval and nymphal packet test. The underlying detoxification mechanism was elucidated by targeting in vivo esterase and monooxygenase activity, and the toxicological effect was assessed on non-target Tenebrio molitor and Harmonia axyridis by topical application in open Petri dishes.

Results

(E)-cinnamaldehyde was the predominant component of the extract (50.79%) and essential oil (89.95%). The 50% lethal concentration (LC50) for larvae and nymphs treated with the extract was 11.56 and 49.18 mg/mL, respectively. The essential oil, (E)-cinnamaldehyde and fenvalerate exhibited acaricidal activity, with LC50 values of 3.81, 3.15, and 0.14 mg/mL, respectively, against the larvae, and 21.31, 16.93, and 1.89 mg/mL, respectively, against the nymphs. (E)-cinnamaldehyde significantly increased esterase and monooxygenase activity in both larvae and nymphs. Unlike fenvalerate, C. cassia essential oil and (E)-cinnamaldehyde did not cause mortality of T. molitor or H. axyridis adults.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that C. cassia essential oil and (E)-cinnamaldehyde have the potential to be developed into botanical-based larvicidal and nymphicidal agents for tick control.

Graphical abstract
Application of dry powders of six plant species, as soil amendments, for controlling Fusarium solani and Meloidogyne incognita on pea in pots
Authors: Abd-El-Khair Hassan , El-Nagdi Wafaa M. A.
Published: June 2021

Background

Application of organic amendments could improve soil properties as well as controlling of soil-borne pathogens. Soil amendments with dry powders of six plant species materials,i.e. caraway seeds, fennel seeds, garlic gloves, onion bulbs, pomegranate peel and spearmint leaves were separately applied for controllingFusarium solaniandMeloidogyne incognitaon pea plants in pots. The control is untreated check pots forFusarium solaniandMeloidogyne incognita.

Results

The dry powder of pomegranate peel (as the rate of 10 g/1 kg soil)highly reduced theFusarium- disease assessments (pre-emergence and post-emergence damping-off and root-rot diseases incidence), followed by spearmint leaves, caraway seeds, fennel seeds, garlic gloves and onion bulbs, respectively. The tested dry powder of plant species showed the nematicidal activity onM. incognitacriteria, i.e. second juvenile (J2) in soil and roots as well as galls and egg-masses in roots of pea. The spearmint leaves, onion bulbs and fennel seeds highly reduced the J2in soil and roots as well as galls and egg-masses. The pea plant growth parametersi.e.length of shoot, fresh & dry weights of shoot and fresh weight of roots, yield parameters,i.e.fresh and dry weight of pea pod and pod parameters as well asRhizobiumnodules number were increased in pea plants with reducing infestation withF. solaniandM. incognita.

Conclusions

Soil amendments with dry powders of six plant species materials were used in this study reducedF. solaniandM. incognitaand improved pea plants
Protective Role of DHEAS in Age-related Changes in Bone Mass and Fracture Risk
Authors: Yokomoto-Umakoshi Maki , Umakoshi Hironobu , Iwahashi Norifusa , Matsuda Yayoi , Kaneko Hiroki , Ogata Masatoshi , Fukumoto Tazuru , Terada Eriko , Nakano Yui , Sakamoto Ryuichi , Ogawa Yoshihiro
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) from the adrenal cortex substantially decreases with age, which may accelerate osteoporosis. However, the association of DHEAS with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture is inconclusive. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the role of DHEAS in age-related changes in BMD and fracture risk.

Methods

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum DHEAS concentrations were used as instrumental variables (4 SNPs for main analysis; 4 SNPs for men and 5 SNPs for women in sex-related analysis). Summary statistics were obtained from relevant genome-wide association studies.

Results

A log-transformed unit (µmol/L) increase in serum DHEAS concentrations was associated with an SD increase in estimated BMD at the heel (estimate, 0.120; 95% CI, 0.081-0.158; P = 9 × 10−10), and decreased fracture (odds ratio, 0.989; 95% CI, 0.981-0.996; P = 0.005), consistent with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry–derived BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine. Their associations remained even after adjusting for height, body mass index, testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1. The association of DHEAS with fracture remained after adjusting for falls, grip strength, and physical activity but was attenuated after adjusting for BMD. The MR-Bayesian model averaging analysis showed BMD was the top mediating factor for association of DHEAS with fracture. The association between DHEAS and BMD was observed in men but not in women.

Conclusion

DHEAS was associated with increased BMD and decreased fracture. DHEAS may play a protective role in decreasing fracture risk, mainly by increasing bone mass.
High-throughput Molecular Analysis of Pseudohypoparathyroidism 1b Patients Reveals Novel Genetic and Epigenetic Defects
Authors: Danzig Jennifer , Li Dong , Jan de Beur Suzanne , Levine Michael A
Published: June 2021

Context

Patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1b (PHP1b) show disordered imprinting of the maternal GNAS allele or paternal uniparental disomy (UPD). Genetic deletions in STX16 or in upstream exons of GNAS are present in many familial but not sporadic cases.

Objective

Characterization of epigenetic and genetic defects in patients with PHP1b.

Design and Patients

DNA from 84 subjects, including 26 subjects with sporadic PHP1b, 27 affected subjects and 17 unaffected and/or obligate gene carriers from 12 PHP1b families, 11 healthy individuals, and 3 subjects with PHP1a was subjected to quantitative pyrosequencing of GNAS differentially methylated regions (DMRs), microarray analysis, and microsatellite haplotype analysis.

Setting

Academic medical center.

Main Outcome Measurements

Molecular pathology of PHP1b.

Results

Healthy subjects, unaffected family members and obligate carriers of paternal PHP1b alleles, and subjects with PHP1a showed normal methylation of all DMRs. All PHP1b subjects showed loss of methylation (LOM) at the exon A/B DMR. Affected members of 9 PHP1b kindreds showed LOM only at the exon A/B DMR, which was associated with a 3-kb deletion of STX16 exons 4 through 6 in 7 families and a novel deletion of STX16 and adjacent NEPEPL1 in 1 family. A novel NESP deletion was found in 1 of 2 other families with more extensive methylation defects. One sporadic PHP1b had UPD of 20q, 2 had 3-kb STX16 deletions, and 5 had apparent epigenetic mosaicism.

Conclusions

We found diverse patterns of defective methylation and identified novel or previously known mutations in 9 of 12 PHP1b families.
Το κίνημα των παλαιών πολεμιστών στην Ελλάδα του Μεσοπολέμου
Authors: Χρανιώτης Γεώργιος
Published: June 2021

Η παρούσα διατριβή εξετάζει τη σχέση των Παλαιών Πολεμιστών με το εργατικό και κομμουνιστικό κίνημα τα πρώτα χρόνια μετά την Μικρασιατική καταστροφή, με επίκεντρο τις Ενώσεις Παλαιών Πολεμιστών και την Ομοσπονδία Παλαιών Πολεμιστών και Θυμάτων Στρατού που ιδρύθηκαν με πρωτοβουλία του Κομμουνιστικού Κόμματος Ελλάδας. Στόχος είναι η διερεύνηση της πολιτικής, κοινωνικής και πολιτισμικής διάστασης του κινήματος, των νοοτροπιών και του δημόσιου λόγου που εξέφερε. H πολύπλευρη κρίση που ξέσπασε στις νικήτριες και ιδίως στις ηττημένες χώρες μετά τον Α΄ Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο και έφερε τους βετεράνους του πολέμου στο ιστορικό προσκήνιο έχει μελετηθεί εντατικά από την ευρωπαϊκή ιστοριογραφία. Αντιθέτως οι σχετικές ιστοριογραφικές συνθέσεις στην Ελλάδα για την πολεμική δεκαετία 1912-1922, με ορισμένες εξαιρέσεις, αφορούν σχεδόν αποκλειστικά τα πεδία της διπλωματικής, πολιτικής και στρατιωτικής ιστορίας, κυρίως με επίκεντρο την ανάλυση του φαινομένου του Εθνικού Διχασμού. Σημαντική ιδιομορφία της Ελλάδας σε σχέση με τις περισσότερες ευρωπαϊκές χώρες, όπου ο κομμουνισμός δεν αποτέλεσε κυρίαρχο πολιτικό ρεύμα μεταξύ των βετεράνων μεταπολεμικά, ήταν ότι οι Ενώσεις Παλαιών Πολεμιστών που ιδρύθηκαν από το Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας τη δεκαετία του 1920 ήταν εδώ οι ισχυρότερες και πιο δυναμικές. Η μαζικότητα του κινήματος μάλιστα ξεπερνούσε τις οργανωτικές δυνατότητες της κομμουνιστικής Αριστεράς στο Μεσοπόλεμο αλλά και τη δυναμική αντίστοιχων οργανώσεων που επιχείρησαν να συγκροτήσουν οι Βενιζελικοί και οι Αντιβενιζελικοί όπως οι Σύνδεσμοι Εθνικής Σωτηρίας ή οι Επίστρατοι που προηγήθηκαν. Σε όλο το Μεσοπόλεμο, φαίνεται ότι αποτέλεσε τη μεγαλύτερη εξωκομματική οργάνωση του Κομμουνιστικού Κόμματος Ελλάδας. Αυτό που χαρακτηρίζει την παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή είναι η εστίαση όχι τόσο στα ηγετικά κλιμάκια αλλά στις κοινωνικές διαδικασίες και διεργασίες που ενεργοποιήθηκαν στο πλαίσιο του ολοκληρωτικού πολέμου και συνέβαλαν στην εμφάνιση του κινήματος των Παλαιών Πολεμιστών. Η οπτική που υιοθετείται είναι αυτή της ιστορίας «από τα κάτω», της απόπειρας κατανόησης και ερμηνείας της εμπειρίας του πολέμου, της αποστράτευσης και του κινήματος των Παλαιών Πολεμιστών μέσα από τις αντιλήψεις, τις νοοτροπίες και τις επιλογές των ανθρώπων που συμμετείχαν σε αυτό ή υποστήριξαν την δράση του.
A biopsychosocial approach of the expectant mother
Authors: Παπαπέτρου Χριστίνα
Published: June 2021

Η παρούσα διατριβή έχει ως στόχο να παρατηρήσει και να περιγράψει την επίδραση των διαφορετικών υποτύπων της ψυχολογικής παραμέτρου της «θεωρίας δεσμού» (attachment theory – attachment styles) στις εκφάνσεις του αναφερόμενου αλλά και βιολογικά προσδιοριζόμενου στρες που αφορά τον πληθυσμό της ευαίσθητης ομάδας των νέων μητέρων και λεχωίδων, με σημείο αναφοράς το συμβάν του τοκετού, ένα φυσιολογικά σημαντικό και στρεσσογόνο γεγονός ζωής.Κατά την κλινική πράξη και στον τομέα της μαιευτικής-γυναικολογίας εν προκειμένω ως το βασικό πλαίσιο παρατήρησης των περιγεννητικών ζητημάτων, μαιευτήρες, ψυχίατροι και ψυχολόγοι συχνά έρχονται αντιμέτωποι με περιστατικά γυναικών που αναφέρουν δυσκολίες ψυχολογικής προσαρμογής, στρες ή την παρουσία ψυχιατρικής συμπτωματολογίας λόγω των αυξημένων απαιτήσεων που η εγκυμοσύνη και η λοχεία επιφέρουν στην καθημερινότητα των γυναικών.Η ερευνητική διαδικασία της παρούσας διατριβής βασίστηκε στη χορήγηση τεσσάρων ψυχομετρικών εργαλείων (ερωτηματολογίων) σε πληθυσμό εγκύων & λεχωίδων (N=105) της Β’ Μαιευτικής – Γυναικολογικής Κλινικής του Αρεταιείου Νοσοκομείου και στην επεξεργασία των αποτελεσμάτων αυτών, καθώς παράλληλα διενεργήθηκε συλλογή και εργαστηριακή μέτρηση βιολογικών δεικτών του στρες (κορτιζόλη σιέλου και α – αμυλάση σιέλου). Κατόπιν ακολούθησε στατιστική ανάλυση όλων των συλλεχθέντων αποτελεσμάτων.Τόσο η εκτενής βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση, όσο και τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσας έρευνας έδειξαν πως η παρουσία της γενικής κατηγορίας του «ανασφαλούς τύπου δεσμού» ενδέχεται να συμβάλλει στην ανάδυση βιολογικών ενδείξεων στρες και καταθλιπτικής συμπτωματολογίας, αμέσως μετά τον τοκετό. Παράλληλα παρατηρήθηκε σημαντική στατιστική συσχέτιση μεταξύ της προωρότητας του νεογνού, του ιστορικού προηγούμενων τοκετών, της παρουσίας «ανασφαλούς δεσμού» και των αυξομειώσεων της κορτιζόλης σιέλου στη μητέρα, μεταγεννητικά. Παράλληλα ειδικότερα όσον αφορά την υπο-ομάδα των συμμετεχουσών (N=37) από τις οποίες ελήφθησαν δείγματα τόσο προγεννητικά όσο και μεταγεννητικά, φάνηκε ότι τα επίπεδα κορτιζόλης σιέλου μεταγεννητικά ήταν στατιστικά σημαντικά αυξημένα στην περίπτωση των γυναικών που ανήκουν στον «ανασφαλή τύπο» δεσμού.Η παρουσία «ασφαλούς τύπου δεσμού» που παρατηρείται σε ζευγάρια με δυνατό ποιοτικά δεσμό μεταξύ των δύο συντρόφων, φαίνεται να δρα προστατευτικά απέναντι σε ενδεχόμενες αντιξοότητες, βοηθώντας τις γυναίκες που ανήκουν στην κατηγορία του «ασφαλούς δεσμού» να αντλήσουν από το απόθεμα των συναισθηματικών τους πόρων και του ευρύτερου καλώς έχειν της ψυχικής τους κατάστασης. Συνεπώς είναι αρτιότερα εξοπλισμένες να προετοιμαστούν με αποτελεσματικότερο τρόπο απέναντι στις πιθανές δυσκολίες που η περιγεννητική περίοδος συχνά συνεπάγεται.Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η ενημέρωση των επαγγελματιών περιγεννητικής υγείας και του κοινού αναφορικά με τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν, ώστε να επιτευχθεί η ενίσχυση των παρεχόμενων υπηρεσιών υγείας και να εμπλουτιστούν περαιτέρω οι ιατρικές και ψυχοθεραπευτικές παρεμβάσεις σε πληθυσμούς των εγκύων, των νέων μητέρων αλλά και των οικογενειών τους.
Bauernhäuser in Bettingen
Authors: Ritzmann Hans
Published: June 2021

Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, die baugeschichtlichen Untersuchungen einiger Bauernhäuser in Bettingen zusammenzufassen und die Ergebnisse miteinander zu vergleichen. Einerseits werden die detaillerten Beobachtungen bei den Untersuchungen der einzelnen Häuser vorgestellt und andererseits die erarbeiteten Befunde miteinander verglichen. Wir können dabei weitgehende bautypologische Analogien aufzeigen.
Der äussere St. Johann-Gottesacker zu Basel
Authors: Lörcher Marianne
Published: June 2021

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Skelettreste der gehobenen Frauenbestattungen vom St. Johann-Gottesacker in Basel untersucht (Grabungskampagnen 1988/89). Zur Anwendung kommen die konservativen anthropologischen Methoden zur Alters- und Geschlechtsbestimmung; vorgestellt wird auch eine neue Methode zur Altersbestimmung. Zur Ergänzung oder Korrektur der anthropologischen Diagnose werden Daten aus den historischen Quellen beigezogen. Unter Auswertung aller vorhandenen Quellen soll für das Individuum aus Grab 1324 ein möglicher Lebenslauf rekonstruiert werden.

Die Spitalakten als historische Quellen bedeuten im vorliegenden Fall eine einmalige Gelegenheit, die knöchernen Reste der St. Johann-Bestattungen wirklichkeitsnah zu interpretieren.
Baugeschichtliche Untersuchungen in den Häusern Webergasse 3-7
Authors: Reicke Daniel
Published: June 2021

In diesem Aufsatz werden die in den Jahren 1989, 1992, 1995, und 1997/98 erfolgten Untersuchungen der Kleinbasler Häuser Webergasse 3 bis 7 vorgestellt, um die Entwicklung der Häuserzeile - soweit dies möglich ist - nachzuzeichnen.
Nachlese zu den «Ausgrabungen am Petersberg in Basel»
Authors: Berger Ludwig
Published: June 2021

Der Beitrag möchte zu einer aufwendigeren Neuedition der 1963 erschienenen Monographie zu den Ausgabungen am Petersberg anregen und liefert einige Ansätze dazu. Als Nachtrag werden die seinerzeit verschollenen Glättgläser vorgelegt. 

Die grosse Zahl von fünf Reitersporen, die ausführlich vorgestellt werden, lässt den Gedanken aufkommen, dass am Petersberg Ministerialen des bischöflichen Stadtherrn ansässig waren.
Baugeschichtliche Untersuchungen im Jahre 2001
Authors: Brandenberger Rebekka , Jaggi Bernard , Reicke Daniel , Ritzmann Hans , Tramèr Stephan J.
Published: June 2021

Im Berichtsjahr 2001 wurden insgesamt 33 Objekte bearbeitet. Wie bisher üblich, berichten wir auch jetzt nur über die per Ende Jahr vor Ort abgeschlossenen Fälle. Arbeiten, die 2002 weiterlaufen, werden zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt vorgestellt. Es kommen somit 15 Bauforschungs-Einsätze zur Sprache.
Tätigkeitsbericht der Archäologischen Bodenforschung Basel-Stadt für das Jahr 2001
Authors: Schwarz Peter-A.
Published: June 2021

Der Tätigkeitsbericht des Kantonsarchäologen bietet einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Kennzahlen und die Arbeiten in den verschiedenen Abteilungen der Archäologischen Bodenforschung im Jahr 2001.
Mit Beiträgen zur Fundchronik im Jahr 2001.
Die Liegenschaft Schneidergasse 28 «Zum Haupt» / Pfeffergässlein 7 ( ehemals lmbergässlein 10)
Authors: Brandenberger Rebekka , Jaggi Bernard
Published: June 2021

Das Anwesen Schneidergasse 28 und Pfeffergässlein 7, welches seit seiner Entstehung in gemeinsamem Besitz ist, wurde nach einer Handänderung im Jahre 2000 umfassend umgebaut und saniert. Dies gab den Anlass für baugeschichtliche und archäalogische Untersuchungen. Die vielen Einzelbefunde erhellen die Entstehungsgeschichte und die Wandlung der beiden Stadthäuser.
Vorbericht über die Grabungen 2003 im Bereich der spätlatènezeitlichen Siedlung Basel-Gasfabrik
Authors: Hecht Yolanda , Rissanen Hannele , Schaltenbrand Katrin , Stelzle-Hüglin Sophie , Spichtig Norbert
Published: June 2021

Berichte zu den archäologischen Untersuchungen in der Fundstelle «Basel-Gasfabrik» im Jahr 2003.
Dynamics of electric rolling stock
Authors: Evstaf'ev Andrey , Izvarin Mihail , Maznev Aleksandr
Published: June 2021

The textbook describes the physical foundations, theory, principles of selection and calculation of the main parameters of spring suspension schemes, discusses the issues of fitting crews into curves, vertical dynamics of the traction drive, the use of coupling weight and vibrations of electric rolling stock.
It is intended for the training of certified specialists in the direction of "Railway rolling stock".
Physics: a workshop in Excel
Authors: Sdvizhkov Oleg , Macnev Nikolay
Published: June 2021

In the workshop, the program codes of user-defined VBA Excel functions are presented; it is shown how these functions are used to solve typical problems of elementary physics on a computer. The textbook includes problems in kinematics, dynamics, statics, molecular kinetic theory, thermal phenomena and electrodynamics.
Each chapter includes: brief information on physics; code for one or more user functions and their description; step-by-step solutions to typical problems using user functions, illustrated with drawings of dialog boxes, fragments of worksheets, etc., made using screenshots.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students of secondary vocational education institutions studying physics, but it will be useful for anyone who wants to learn how to solve problems in elementary physics at a modern level — on a computer using Excel.
Methodology and history of Theology
Authors: Panischev Aleksey
Published: June 2021

The textbook provides information about the philosophy of science and theology as academic disciplines. The primary purpose of the manual is not only to inform students about the content of various concepts of religious philosophy, but also to promote their intellectual and spiritual growth.
It contains information on several theological disciplines that have only recently been introduced into the educational space of the Russian Federation. Among these are The History and Methodology of Theology, Methods and Tasks of Theology of Western Christian Thought, and The History of Theological Thought in the Russian Orthodox Church.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students receiving higher education in theological and religious studies specialties.
The concept of development of strategic assets of fund-intensive companies
Authors: Kazakova Nataliya , Ivanova Anastasiya
Published: June 2021

The monograph is devoted to the study of conceptual approaches to the development of information and analytical support for the development of strategic assets in fund-intensive companies. It covers three key areas: the stakeholder approach in accordance with the concept of sustainable business development; modeling the trend of strategic asset management; audit of the effectiveness of the KPI strategy of public fund-intensive companies using the SPACE-analysis methodology.
The results of the study are aimed at developing the corporate strategic asset management system, as well as improving the tools for assessing strategic risks in the internal audit departments of public companies. The methodological tools are supplemented with empirical materials obtained during the testing of the scientific hypothesis and a comprehensive methodology for analytical justification and modeling of the strategy for managing the development of fixed assets in fund-intensive companies in the oil and gas and ICT sectors, as well as during the implementation of research works.
It will be useful for researchers, researchers, teachers, applicants for scientific degrees, and can also be used in the system of additional professional education, professional development, for self-development of management personnel of financial and economic services in business and government structures.
Instrumental and methodological approach to the adaptation of the Triple helix model for the conditions of Russia, taking into account historical retrospect
Authors: Pahomova Elena , Pahomov Aleksandr , Istomina Svetlana , Lychagina Tat'yana , Rozhkova Ol'ga , Davtyan Tigran
Published: June 2021

The monograph presents the results of a scientific study, the novelty of which lies in a meaningful methodological reinterpretation of the Itskovitz triple helix model for Russian conditions and mentality with the filling of economic and mathematical tools. The main three components of the study are: the adaptation of the CU model to Russian conditions, taking into account historical retrospect, and the tasks of the economic environment.
It can be used by students, postgraduates, teachers as a textbook; by researchers and specialists of practical economics - to solve complex methodological practice-oriented problems.
Application Software Package
Authors: Shitov Viktor
Published: June 2021

The tutorial describes the methods of effective work with application software products: text editors, spreadsheets, presentation editors, database management systems, as well as the basics of programming in the Visual Basic for Applications environment. More than 40 practical and independent works are offered. It can be used in the development of the professional module PM. 02 "Development, implementation and adaptation of industry software" for the specialty "Programming in computer systems".
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
For students of secondary vocational education institutions studying in the specialty 09.02.03 "Programming in computer systems".
Zirconia Over Titanium Implants: The Evidences are not Enough
Authors: Sharma Dr Deepak , Mehra Dr Rimpy , Negi Dr Nishant , Jhingta Dr Pravesh , Sayare Dr Bhawna , Bhardwaj Dr Vinay Kumar
Published: June 2021

Implant therapy is a widely used treatment modality for completely and partially edentulous patient. It gives excellent long term results and has made practice of dental implantology astonishingly widespread. Titanium dental implants have proved to be successful means of prosthetic rehabilitation for more than six decades. Recently, ceramics have been proposed as an alternative to titanium. Zirconia implants with better aesthetics, mechanical and biological properties are showing a promising future in dental implantology. This narrative review analyses the evidences to compare titanium and zirconium implant in a systemic manner. The paper includes the mechanical, biological and clinical consideration involving both implant materials.
Long COVID – what should general practice nurses be doing?
Authors: Bostock Beverley
Published: June 2021

Beverley Bostock looks at managing this new condition in primary care settings
Beyond the jab: The availability of drugs for COVID-19
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: June 2021

Mark Greener looks at how prescribing has changed during the coronavirus pandemic
Taking time to care for ourselves
Authors: Forbes Lisa
Published: June 2021

As health professionals it can be difficult to admit we need support in times of stress – but just talking to someone can help to change our perspective, says Lisa Forbes
Proposal of a Relational Database (SQL) for Zoological Research of Epigeic Synusion
Authors: Langraf Vladimír , Petrovičová Kornélia , David Stanislav , Krumpálová Zuzana , Purkart Adrián , Schlarmannová Janka
Published: June 2021

In recent years, developments in the field of molecular biology and genetics have led to the increase in biological information stored in databases. The same increase in the volume of information occurred in the field of zoology, but the development of databases was not addressed in this area. We prepared a relational database and its diagram in the Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) database program. Our results represent experience with construction of a new database design for the zoology field with a focus on research of epigeic groups. The structure of the database will help with meta-analyzes with the objective to identify zoological and ecological relationships and responses to anthropic intervention.
Parametric wavelength conversion with bidirectional utilization of a multiple QPM device
Authors: Asobe Masaki , Punhavan Saroeun , Kato Masato , Umeki Takeshi , Enbutsu Koji , Kazama Takushi , Kasahara Ryoichi
Published: June 2021

A configuration for wavelength conversion and optical amplification by parametric interaction using a nonlinear optical device is proposed. It enables pump generation through second harmonic generation (SHG), difference frequency generation (DFG), and optical parametric amplification (OPA) using a multiple-quasi-phase-matched (M-QPM) LiNbO3 waveguide in a bidirectional manner. Wavelength conversion for the 1.4–1.6 µm band is experimentally demonstrated. In addition, it is demonstrated that the parametric gain band can be changed using various detunings between the pump and QPM wavelengths used for the DFG/OPA process. The proposed method would be useful for enabling high-capacity optical transmission outside the 1550-nm band.
Causal inference for heritable phenotypic risk factors using heterogeneous genetic instruments
Authors: Wang Jingshu , Zhao Qingyuan , Bowden Jack , Hemani Gibran , Davey Smith George , Small Dylan S. , Zhang Nancy R.
Published: June 2021

Over a decade of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have led to the finding of extreme polygenicity of complex traits. The phenomenon that “all genes affect every complex trait” complicates Mendelian Randomization (MR) studies, where natural genetic variations are used as instruments to infer the causal effect of heritable risk factors. We reexamine the assumptions of existing MR methods and show how they need to be clarified to allow for pervasive horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneous effect sizes. We propose a comprehensive framework GRAPPLE to analyze the causal effect of target risk factors with heterogeneous genetic instruments and identify possible pleiotropic patterns from data. By using GWAS summary statistics, GRAPPLE can efficiently use both strong and weak genetic instruments, detect the existence of multiple pleiotropic pathways, determine the causal direction and perform multivariable MR to adjust for confounding risk factors. With GRAPPLE, we analyze the effect of blood lipids, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure on 25 disease outcomes, gaining new information on their causal relationships and potential pleiotropic pathways involved.
An enhancer screen identifies new suppressors of small-RNA-mediated epigenetic gene silencing
Authors: Shimada Yukiko , Carl Sarah H. , Skribbe Merle , Flury Valentin , Kuzdere Tahsin , Kempf Georg , Bühler Marc
Published: June 2021

Small non-protein coding RNAs are involved in pathways that control the genome at the level of chromatin. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are required for the faithful propagation of heterochromatin that is found at peri-centromeric repeats. In contrast to repetitive DNA, protein-coding genes are refractory to siRNA-mediated heterochromatin formation, unless siRNAs are expressed in mutant cells. Here we report the identification of 20 novel mutant alleles that enable de novo formation of heterochromatin at a euchromatic protein-coding gene by using trans-acting siRNAs as triggers. For example, a single amino acid substitution in the pre-mRNA cleavage factor Yth1 enables siRNAs to trigger silent chromatin formation with unparalleled efficiency. Our results are consistent with a kinetic nascent transcript processing model for the inhibition of small-RNA-directed de novo formation of heterochromatin and lay a foundation for further mechanistic dissection of cellular activities that counteract epigenetic gene silencing.
Trauma informed interventions: A systematic review
Authors: Han Hae-Ra , Miller Hailey N. , Nkimbeng Manka , Budhathoki Chakra , Mikhael Tanya , Rivers Emerald , Gray Ja’Lynn , Trimble Kristen , Chow Sotera , Wilson Patty
Published: June 2021

Background

Health inequities remain a public health concern. Chronic adversity such as discrimination or racism as trauma may perpetuate health inequities in marginalized populations. There is a growing body of the literature on trauma informed and culturally competent care as essential elements of promoting health equity, yet no prior review has systematically addressed trauma informed interventions. The purpose of this study was to appraise the types, setting, scope, and delivery of trauma informed interventions and associated outcomes.

Methods

We performed database searches— PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, SCOPUS and PsycINFO—to identify quantitative studies published in English before June 2019. Thirty-two unique studies with one companion article met the eligibility criteria.

Results

More than half of the 32 studies were randomized controlled trials (n = 19). Thirteen studies were conducted in the United States. Child abuse, domestic violence, or sexual assault were the most common types of trauma addressed (n = 16). While the interventions were largely focused on reducing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (n = 23), depression (n = 16), or anxiety (n = 10), trauma informed interventions were mostly delivered in an outpatient setting (n = 20) by medical professionals (n = 21). Two most frequently used interventions were eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (n = 6) and cognitive behavioral therapy (n = 5). Intervention fidelity was addressed in 16 studies. Trauma informed interventions significantly reduced PTSD symptoms in 11 of 23 studies. Fifteen studies found improvements in three main psychological outcomes including PTSD symptoms (11 of 23), depression (9 of 16), and anxiety (5 of 10). Cognitive behavioral therapy consistently improved a wide range of outcomes including depression, anxiety, emotional dysregulation, interpersonal problems, and risky behaviors (n = 5).

Conclusions

There is inconsistent evidence to support trauma informed interventions as an effective approach for psychological outcomes. Future trauma informed intervention should be expanded in scope to address a wide range of trauma types such as racism and discrimination. Additionally, a wider range of trauma outcomes should be studied.