bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação do Impacto de Motoristas Mal Comportados no Congestionamento em Rodovias
Authors: Giserman Luiz Fabião , De Almeida Thales Teixeira , Costa Luís Henrique Maciel Kosmalski
Published: February 2021

O caminho para um trânsito mais eficiente e inteligente é de suma importância para a populacão mundial. O transporte diário é uma constante na vida das pessoas e o seu funcionamento afeta diretamente a qualidade de vida delas. Os engarrafamentos causam perdas econômicas e afetam o meio ambiente. Por outro lado, para além da relacão entre a capacidade das vias e a quantidade de automóveis nas mesmas, o comportamento do motorista influencia a formação e o tempo de duração dos congestionamentos. Neste contexto, este artigo propõe revisar ações de condutores que sejam prejudiciais ao trânsito e analisa uma delas a partir de simulações de mobilidade urbana, com dados sintéticos e reais, utilizando o SUMO. Os resultados mostram que a ação estudada tem um impacto significativo no trânsito e no meio ambiente. Na simulação real, o tempo perdido no trânsito quando motoristas praticam a ação estudada e a emissão de CO2 mostraram-se 25 e 2,6 vezes maiores do que na situação de trânsito livre, respectivamente. Concluindo, o artigo avalia soluções tecnológicas além das convencionais visando evitar a prática dessas ações por parte de motoristas no cotidiano e mitigar seus efeitos.
Recomendação de vídeo e política de cache cientes de recursos dos dispositivos dos usuários
Authors: Monção Ana Claudia Bastos Loureiro , Correa Sand Luz , Cardoso Kleber Vieira
Published: February 2021

Recentemente, o acoplamento entre algoritmos de recomendação de vídeo e políticas de manutenção de cache tem mostrado resultados promissores, tanto para melhorar a experiência dos usuários quanto para otimizar o uso de recursos da infraestrutura. No entanto, os recursos disponíveis nos dispositivos dos usuários não têm sido levado em conta nessa abordagem. Neste trabalho, introduzimos esse conceito através da modificação de um modelo e de uma métrica da literatura de forma a capturar a limitação de resolução de cada dispositivo de usuário, assim como a introdução de uma nova métrica para representar a satisfação com a recomendação. Avaliamos a nossa proposta e comparamos com outra solução de estado-da-arte, usando a base de dados do projeto MovieLens. Com exceção do cenário onde todos os vídeos possuem baixa qualidade, a nossa proposta apresenta maior taxa de acerto da cache na maioria das configurações de tamanho de armazenamento. Além disso, nossa proposta melhora de maneira significativa a experiência dos usuários ao permitir que eles usufruam da maior qualidade disponível em seus dispositivos.
Superpixel Generation by the Iterative Spanning Forest Using Object Information
Authors: Belém Felipe C. , Falcão Alexandre X. , Guimarães Silvio Jamil  F.
Published: February 2021

Superpixel segmentation methods aim to partition the image into homogeneous connected regions of pixels (i.e., superpixels) such that the union of its comprising superpixels precisely defines the objects of interest. However, the homogeneity criterion is often based solely on color, which, in certain conditions, might be insufficient for inferring the extension of the objects (e.g., low gradient regions). In this dissertation, we address such issue by incorporating prior object information — represented as monochromatic object saliency maps — into a state-of-the-art method, the Iterative Spanning Forest (ISF) framework, resulting in a novel framework named Object-based ISF (OISF). For a given saliency map, OISF-based methods are capable of increasing the superpixel resolution within the objects of interest, whilst permitting a higher adherence to the map’s borders, when color is insufficient for delineation. We compared our work with state-of-the-art methods, considering two classic superpixel segmentation metrics, in three datasets. Experimental results show that our approach presents effective object delineation with a significantly lower number of superpixels than the baselines, especially in terms of preventing superpixel leaking.
Semantic Description of Objects in Images Based on Prototype Theory
Authors: Pino Omar Vidal , Nascimento Erickson R. , Campos Mario F. M.
Published: February 2021

This research aims to build a model for the semantic description of objects based on visual features extracted from images. We introduce a novel semantic description approach inspired by the Prototype Theory. Inspired by the human approach used to represent categories, we propose a novel Computational Prototype Model (CPM) that encodes and stores the object’s image category’s central semantic meaning: the semantic prototype. Our CPM model represents and constructs the semantic prototypes of object categories using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The proposed Prototype-based Description Model uses the CPM model to describe an object highlighting its most distinctive features within the category. Our Global Semantic Descriptor (GSDP) builds discriminative, low-dimensional, and semantically interpretable signatures that encode the objects’ semantic information using the constructed semantic prototypes. It uses the proposed Prototypical Similarity Layer (PS-Layer) to retrieve the category prototype using the principle of categorization based on prototypes. Using different datasets, we show in our experiments that: i) the proposed CPM model successfully simulates the internal semantic structure of the categories; ii) the proposed semantic distance metric can be understood as the object typicality score within a category; iii) our semantic classification method based on prototypes can improve the performance and interpretation of CNN classification models; iv) our semantic descriptor encoding significantly outperforms others state-of-the-art image global encoding in clustering and classification tasks.
BID Dataset: a challenge dataset for document processing tasks
Authors: Soares Álysson De Sá , Das Neves Junior Ricardo Batista , Bezerra Byron Leite Dantas
Published: February 2021

The digital relationship between companies and customers happens through online systems where consumers must upload their identification documents pictures to prove their identities. The existence of this large volume of document images encourages the research development to generate image processing systems to automate tasks usually performed by humans, such as Document Type Classification and Document Reading. The lack of identification documents public datasets delays the research development in document image processing because researchers need to attempt partnerships with private or governmental institutions to obtain the data or build their dataset. In this context, this work presents as main contributions a system to support the automatic creation of identification document public datasets and the Brazilian Identity Document Dataset (BID Dataset): the first Brazilian identification documents public dataset. To accomplish the current personal data privacy law, all information in the BID Dataset comes from fake data. This work aims to increase the velocity of research development in identification document image processing, considering that researchers will be able to use the BID Dataset to develop their research freely.
Oil Identification on Beaches Using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Negreiros Ramoni Reus Barros , Dos Santos Rafael Araújo , Alves André Luiz Firmino , Firmino Anderson Almeida
Published: February 2021

The oil spill on the beaches of the Brazilian northeast coast has caused disastrous consequences, both for us human beings, as well as for the marine biodiversity. Bearing in mind that its identification is not easy, we propose to do it in this article, using a machine learning approach, a type of artificial intelligence widely used in the area of image classification, alongside with a Convolutional Neural Network. In this regard, we have as main objective the training of a model able to distinguish images, automatically, in three types of classes: (i) normal beaches; (ii) beaches with gulf-weed, a biological indicator of pollution; and (iii) beaches with oil. In the best scenario evaluated, we achieved an average accuracy of 91%.
Eye-Tracking Algorithm for Low Webcam Image Resolution Without Calibration
Authors: Rocha Allana L. dos S. , Silva Leandro H. de S. , Fernandes Bruno J. T.
Published: February 2021

Applications of eye-tracking devices aim to understand human activities and behaviors, improve human interactions with robots, and develop assistive technology in helping people with some communication disabilities. This paper proposes an algorithm to detect the pupil center and user’s gaze direction in real-time, using a low-resolution webcam and a conventional computer with no need for calibration. Given the constraints, the gaze space was reduced to five states: left, right, center, up, and eyes closed. A pre-existing landmarks detector was used to identify the user’s eyes. We employ image processing techniques to find the center of the pupil and we use the coordinates of the points found associated with mathematical calculations to classify the gaze direction. By using this method, the algorithm achieved 81.9% overall accuracy results even under variable and non-uniform environmental conditions. We also performed quantitative experiments with noise, blur, illumination, and rotation variation. Smart Eye Communicator, the proposed algorithm, can be used as eye-tracking mechanism to help people with communication difficulties to express their desires.
Adaptação de Domínio usando Camadas de Alinhamento de Domínio com Várias Fontes
Authors: E Silva Lucas Fernando Alvarenga , Almeida Jurandy
Published: February 2021

Modelos profundos, frente a mudança de domínio que pode existir entre conjuntos de dados anotados de treinamento e conjuntos de dados não-anotados de teste, podem produzir resultados insatisfatórios. A mudança de domínio é objetivo das áreas de pesquisa denominadas adaptação de domínio não-supervisionada, quando adapta-se um domínio-fonte para um domínio-alvo; e a adaptação de domínio de várias fontes, a qual adapta múltiplos domínios-fonte para um único domínio-alvo. Este trabalho apresenta as camadas de alinhamento de domínio entre várias fontes (do inglês, Multi-Source DomaIn Aligment Layers – MS-DIAL), que reduzem a discrepância entre as distribuições dos domínios-fonte e do domínio-alvo a partir da inserção de camadas de alinhamento de domínio em diversos níveis da rede. Foram realizados experimentos em tarefas de reconhecimento de dígitos e de objetos, os quais obtiveram resultados promissores que superam métodos do estado da arte.
Combinando Feature squeezing e Lottery Tickets para Detecção de Exemplos Adversariais
Authors: Da Silva Leon Tenório , Faria Fabio Augusto
Published: February 2021

As redes neurais estão cada vez mais sendo utilizadas em diversas aplicações reais em diferentes domínios de conhecimento (e.g., medicina, agricultura e segurança). Entretanto, pequenas variações nos dados de entrada podem causar comportamentos totalmente inesperados do modelo aprendido. Uma técnica chamada feature squeezing tem objetivo de identificar quando imagens de teste podem causar esse fenômeno, combinada com uma estratégia de aprendizagem chamada lottery tickets mostra ser uma boa solução para tornar um modelo mais robusto aos ataques adversariais e com baixo consumo computacional.
Soziales Upgrading und industrielle Beziehungen im Globalen Süden
Authors: Teipen Christina , Mehl Fabian
Published: February 2021

Die Diskussion über die Auswirkungen der Integration in globale Wertschöpfungsketten für Beschäftigte im Globalen Süden changiert zwischen dem Verweis auf positive Beschäftigungseffekte einerseits und auf Niedriglöhne sowie Verletzungen von Arbeitsstandards andererseits. Basierend auf Analysen in vier Branchen sowie sechs Schwellen- und Entwicklungsländern werden die Bedingungen für soziales Upgrading vergleichend in den Blick genommen. Dabei konzentriert sich der Beitrag insbesondere auf den Einfluss unterschiedlicher nationaler Systeme industrieller Beziehungen. Es zeigt sich, dass wirtschaftliches Upgrading allein (wie im Fall Chinas) nur begrenzt soziales Upgrading bewirkt, sofern dies nicht mit unabhängigen kollektiven Interessenvertretungen einhergeht. In Ländern mit starken demokratischen Gewerkschaften konnten hingegen auf Branchenebene substanzielle Verhandlungserfolge erzielt werden. Soziales Downgrading muss man allerdings dort diagnostizieren, wo – wie in der vietnamesischen und indischen Bekleidungsbranche – weder wirtschaftliches Upgrading erzielt noch anerkannte gewerkschaftliche Vertretungsstrukturen etabliert werden konnten.
Soziales Upgrading und Beschäft igtenmacht in globalen Wertschöpfungsketten
Authors: Marslev Kristoffer , Staritz Cornelia , Raj-Reichert Gale , Plank Leonhard
Published: February 2021

Dieser Beitrag kritisiert das herkömmliche, in der Forschung über globale Wertschöpfungsketten (GWK) geläufige Konzept von sozialem Upgrading, da es den Zusammenhang zwischen Machtbeziehungen und Beschäftigungsbedingungen unzureichend berücksichtigt. Die Autor*innen stellen eine Neukonzeptualisierung vor, die auf einem kritischen Verständnis von Beschäftigtenmacht beruht. Beschäftigtenmacht in GWK wird auf einer vertikalen und einer horizontalen Achse bestimmt. Die erste Achse betrifft die Beziehungen innerhalb von GWK, die zweite die lokalen Kapital-Arbeit- und Staat-Gesellschaft-Beziehungen. Zudem betonen die Autor*innen die Bedeutung einer Analyse der Intersektionalität von Beschäftigtenidentitäten im Rahmen von Machtverhältnissen und bei der Machtausübung. Beschäftigtenmacht – hier als strukturelle und Assoziationsmacht betrachtet – wird am Schnittpunkt der beiden Achsen ausgeübt und ist verwoben mit den Staat-Gesellschaft-Beziehungen und multiplen Beschäftigtenidentitäten. Eine exemplarische Analyse der Bekleidungsindustrie Kambodschas zeigt, dass die Neukonzeptualisierung bei der Untersuchung sozialer Up- und Downgradingprozesse hilfreich sein kann.
The Netherlands, the Environment, and European Integration in the Early 1970s
Authors: DORPEMA Marc
Published: February 2021

Focussing on the early period of environmental protection from the perspective of the Netherlands, this paper hopes to make four interventions in the historiography of European integration. First, the environment has not featured nearly as much as it should in studies of the European project, in particular in Anglophone academia. While the subject has received excellent attention by German scholars, outside of this circle the harvest has been rather poor. Second, the “minnows” are almost invariably ignored, as is the case for most well-known histories of European integration, being eclipsed by those of France, Germany and Britain. Third, writing on the 1970s still constitutes a “meagre spread”, and this article seeks to tip the balance of studies in the direction of the 1970s, rather than the overstudied 1980s. Focussing solely on the latter period risks diminishing the European project’s “social” character as it emerged in the 1970s. Finally, this paper will shed some long overdue light on the debates and processes that took shape within the Dutch government. It will illuminate the complications that arose from the unresolved tensions engendered by an anthropocentric vision of saving a planet under attack.
A Realistic Scepticism: Raymond Aron’s Perspective on the European Construction
Authors: RASCHI Francesco , PIRAS Elisa
Published: February 2021

The essay investigates Raymond Aron’s attitude towards European integration, through a critical analysis of primary sources, in order to problematise the interpretations recently offered by scholars working on Europeanism. The evidence offered supports the argument that, compared to Jean Monnet’s federalism and to Charles de Gaulle’s nationalism, Aron’s perspective presents original traits. Notwithstanding his belief that European states ought to create a framework for enhancing cooperation in crucial sectors (trade, security) which could lead to a certain degree of political integration, Aron was not convinced that this process would eventually produce a federation. Furthermore, he thought that further integration ought to be pursued with the active involvement of European peoples, together with the reconciliation with Germany and its inclusion within an anti-Soviet Atlantic alliance. The conclusion is that, as far as Europe is concerned, Aron’s position cannot be simplistically labelled as Europeanist or anti-Europeanist. Rather, it might be described as a realistic scepticism.
Jacques Delors, the End of the Cold War and the EU Democratic Deficit
Authors: ZACCARIA Benedetto
Published: February 2021

The present work focuses on the role played by Jacques Delors, who held the presidency of the European Commission between 1985 and 1995, in fostering public attention to the question of the so-called democratic deficit of the European Union (EU). It argues that Delors’s involvement in this question was a direct consequence of his post-1989 view of European integration as a “collective” project, that is, a political enterprise based on the direct consensus and involvement of its citizens. This perspective was shaped by the reconfiguration of the role of the European Community in the post-Cold War European scenario and by the impact that “democratic” transitions in Central and Eastern Europe had on the Community itself. As an advocate of a “collective” Europe, Delors criticised the Maastricht Treaty for its failure to push towards political integration, publicly disputing the democratic character of the EU since its very inception.
LA FUNCIÓN DEL ARTE EN LA FENOMENOLOGÍA DE LA DONACIÓN DE J.-L. MARION
Authors: Roggero Jorge Luis
Published: February 2021

Este artículo se propone indagar en la función del arte en la fenomenología de la donación de Jean-Luc Marion y su relación con la hermenéutica. La pintura desempeña un papel fundamental pues constituye el “modelo” que permite entender el carácter radicalmente pasivo de la administración hermenéutica de la distancia entre lo que se da y lo que se muestra.This article aims to investigate the role of art in Jean-Luc Marion’s phenomenology of givenness and its relationship with hermeneutics. Painting plays a fundamental role because it constitutes the “model” that facilitates understanding the radically passive character of the hermeneutic management of the gap between what gives itself and what shows itself.
LA EDAD DE ORO DE LA FENOMENOLOGÍA EN EE. UU.: LA "NEW SCHOOL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH"
Authors: López Villalba Jacobo
Published: February 2021

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CRESPO, M. (Ed.). Filosofía trascendental, Fenomenología y Derecho Natural. Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 2018, 193 pp.
Authors: Bueno Junquero Adrián
Published: February 2021

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Compactação do solo em sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuáriafloresta após cinco anos de implantação e uso
Authors: Souza Jéssica Fernanda Dias , Bonini Carolina dos Santos Batista , Mateus Gustavo Pavan , Souza Caroline Teodoro de , Perusso Rafael Luís Sanchez , Pedro Fabricio Gomes , Oliverio Gabriela Lozano
Published: February 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os atributos físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo de diferentes sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta implantados em 2012 e em uso desde então. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e quatro tratamentos: ILP - integração lavoura-pecuária; ILPF 1L - sistema agrossilvipastoril, com uma linha de eucalipto; ILPF 3L - sistema agrossilvipastoril, com três linhas de eucalipto; e EUC - plantio exclusivo de eucalipto (bosque). No período de junho de 2017 a maio de 2018 foram realizadas avaliações da resistência mecânica à penetração e da umidade gravimétrica do solo, a fim de monitorar a compactação, em três camadas do solo: 0-0,05; 0,05-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m de profundidade. Os resultados mostram que houve diferença significativa para os atributos do solo estudados, sendo a maior compactação encontrada no tratamento ILPF 3L (0,05-0,10 m) próximo ao limite considerado ideal para um bom desenvolvimento das plantas. A umidade gravimétrica do solo não influenciou os resultados de compactação. De modo geral, os resultados mostram que a presença dos animais não causa uma compactação muito drástica ao solo, com valores menores que o limite crítico de 2 MPa.
Misión y cruzada en el pensamiento de Ramon Llull (1232-1316), una cuestión sin zanjar
Authors: CABELLO LLANO Ignacio
Published: February 2021

En el presente artículo presentamos un estado de la cuestión (revisión bibliográfica y esbozo de una posible línea a seguir) acerca de las ideas de misión y cruzada y su interrelación (la manera en que se conjugan ambos conceptos, aparentemente contradictorios o excluyentes) en el pensamiento filosófico, político y misionero del mallorquín Ramon Llull (1232-1316). Tras explicar los principales puntos fuertes y débiles de cada uno de los enfoques historiográficos, llegamos a la conclusión de que un estudio profundo, holístico y unitario del pensamiento de Llull podría iluminar la cuestión de la misión y la cruzada superando viejos esquemas dualistas y alcanzando una comprensión más adecuada del problema.

In this article we present a state of the art – bibliographical review and outline of a possible line of research – about the ideas of mission and crusade and their interrelation – the way in which both concepts, apparently contradictory or excluding, are conjugated – in the philosophical, political and missionary thought of the Mallorcan Ramon Llull (1232-1316). After explaining the main strengths and weaknesses of each of the historiographic approaches, we have come to the conclusion that a deep, holistic and unitary study of Llull’s thought could illuminate the question of mission and crusade, overcoming old dualist schemes and achieving a more adequate understanding of the problem.
construcción de la identidad a través del territorio en la Edad Media. El origen bereber del nombre de Madrid
Authors: JIMÉNEZ RAYADO Eduardo
Published: February 2021

Sin entender el territorio, nuestro conocimiento del pasado constituye un paisaje incompleto. La tierra ha sido, es y será esencial en la vida del ser humano. Este trabajo pretende ayudar a completar ese paisaje analizando el papel que tuvo el territorio en dos momentos clave en el proceso de construcción de las identidades colectivas: la formación de los topónimos y la creación de una imagen de honra y orgullo, en este caso, durante la Edad Media. De todos los elementos del territorio que sirvieron para ambos casos, el agua adquirió un especial protagonismo. Madrid, objeto de análisis que cerrará este trabajo, es uno de los ejemplos más claros de ese papel del agua en la construcción de una identidad.

Our knowledge of human past remains incomplete without an understanding of the territory. Land has always been essential for human life. This article aims at broadening this knowledge by analyzing the role of territory in the construction of collective identity at two key moments: in the creation of toponyms and in the building up of an image of pride and reputation, in this case, during the Middle Ages. Among all the territorial elements present in both processes, water had a special prominence. Madrid, the closing chapter of this piece of research, is one of the most clear examples of the importance of water in identity development.
Estrategias de linaje y patrimonio en la oligarquía bajomedieval turolense: La pugna por la escribanía del Justicia de Morella
Authors: RÍOS CONEJERO Alejandro
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un análisis de las estrategias familiares llevadas a cabo por la oligarquía turolense durante la Baja Edad Media con el fin de evitar la disgregación de su patrimonio.  Para ejemplificar las herramientas usadas por los linajes de esta élite se analizará un bien concreto, las rentas de la escribanía de Morella y sus aldeas, a lo largo de seis generaciones, desde su adquisición en 1328 hasta su enajenación en 1519.

The aim of this article is to analyse the strategies that the Turolean urban oligarchy carried out during the late Middle Ages in order to avoid the disintegration of their patrimony. A specific property is analysed to illustrate the resources used by the lineages of this elite: the assets of the scribe’s court of Morella and its villages. The study covers six generations, from its acquisition in 1328 to its alienation in 1519.
Maria Barceló Crespí y Gabriel Ensenyat Pujol, "Flandes i la Mallorca medieval a través dels Pont (segles XV i XVI)"
Authors: DEL VAL VALDIVIESO María Isabel
Published: February 2021

Reseña

Review
Le tourisme urbain événementiel : une ressource également pour les habitants
Authors: Delaplace Marie , Gautherat Emmanuelle , Kebir Leïla
Published: February 2021

De façon croissante, les villes développent des événements de façon à attirer et faire revenir les touristes, dont les dépenses permettent d’enclencher une dynamique économique qui bénéficie aux résidents et, de plus, participent parfois à leur organisation. L’objectif de cet article est de montrer que si le tourisme urbain événementiel alimente le tourisme, il alimente également, par les ressources qu’il crée, le système résidentiel, rendant ces deux systèmes étroitement complémentaires. L’analyse est illustrée par une enquête réalisée sur le marché de Noël des Champs-Élysées, du 7 décembre 2015 au 10 janvier 2016. Un total de 800 questionnaires ont été collectés. Leur examen montre la présence importante des résidents d’Île-de-France par rapport à celle des touristes et des excursionnistes internationaux dans un contexte post-attentat à Paris. Toutefois, l’analyse met en évidence des motivations et des pratiques en termes d’achats différenciées, mais néanmoins complémentaires. Les événements ne peuvent donc être conçus uniquement ni pour les touristes ni pour les résidents.
Usages des bases de plein air et de
loisirs : le partage entre les résidents et les visiteurs
Authors: Schut Pierre-Olaf , Philippe Marion
Published: February 2021

Les bases de plein air et de loisirs (BPAL) sont des installations
aménagées à la fin des années 1960 pour accueillir la population des grandes
villes environnantes dans un espace vert dédié à la détente et aux activités
sportives. Ces vastes opérations d’aménagement destinées à accueillir une
importante population urbaine touchent des petites communes rurales. Dans cet
article, nous montrons les réactions des résidents face à la construction des
BPAL. Les formes de manifestations et les arguments déployés varient selon les
sites et les contextes. Pour restituer leurs formes, nous nous appuyons sur la
presse et les archives publiques. Nous portons particulièrement notre attention
sur les enquêtes publiques réalisées dans le cadre des opérations foncières
nécessaires à l’acquisition des terrains des BPAL de Jablines-Aneth et
Bois-le-Roi. Les résultats révèlent des oppositions nourries par les nuisances
qu’engendre la venue des populations urbaines sur ces territoires ruraux. Ils
donnent aussi à voir des situations contrastées en fonction de la situation des
communes dans lesquelles sont implantées les BPAL.
Le projet ferroviaire privé Virgin
Trains USA en Floride : l’émergence d’un corridor touristique
polarisant ?
Authors: Schorung Matthieu
Published: February 2021

Les débats scientifiques sur les liens entre la grande vitesse
ferroviaire et le tourisme sont désormais bien développés et de nombreux acteurs
politiques et économiques croient depuis longtemps aux retombées en termes de
développement économique et commercial. Le cas du projet ferroviaire privé
Virgin Trains USA en Floride démontre que le tourisme peut servir d’argument
pour défendre un projet de ligne à grande vitesse. Le tourisme et les loisirs
deviennent alors une opportunité pour porter l’aménagement d’une nouvelle
infrastructure de transport, voire pour encourager le développement et la
connexion des réseaux de transport existants. Cet article propose donc d’étudier
les rapports entre grande vitesse ferroviaire et tourisme, sous l’angle d’un
projet d’infrastructure et d’aménagement de gares nouvelles entrepris par un
acteur privé. Cela permet de mettre en évidence les cadres d’élaboration d’une
relation grande vitesse ferroviaire–tourisme dans le contexte d’un territoire
touristique particulièrement dynamique et développé. Notre analyse démontre que
l’entreprise mère FECI, l’entreprise parente Brightline et l’entreprise Virgin
qui dirige ce projet ont fait de la desserte des grands sites touristiques une
priorité commerciale. Toutefois, l’exemple de Virgin Trains USA démontre que ce
corridor ferroviaire cherche à s’appuyer sur les activités touristiques
préexistantes pour tirer profit d’une fréquentation touristique exceptionnelle
en Floride. Par ailleurs, cette étude établit que les gares nouvelles sont
surtout conçues dans une perspective de captation de la valeur immobilière et
foncière et non pas dans une stratégie plus globale de desserte territoriale et
de connexion aux réseaux de transport régionaux et métropolitains – cette forme
d’impensé pouvant se justifier par le caractère totalement privé du portage du
projet.
Los muertos vivos como figuración literaria y política de lo excluido que retorna. El género zombi en la narrativa argentina posterior a la crisis del 2001
Authors: Montes Alicia
Published: February 2021

Desde la fundación del género, en los filmes de George Romero (1968), la figura espectral, monstruosa y masiva de los zombis se ha hecho depositaria de aquellos significados que las diferentes coyunturas históricas han posibilitado, tanto desde el punto de vista de la producción como de la recepción. En la actualidad, los muertos vivos de las ficciones contemporáneas figuran a modo de imagen dialéctica, tensionada por el disenso, los efectos de las políticas inmunitarias sobre la vida de aquellos que la sociedad, para autopreservarse y constituirse como un todo idéntico a sí mismo, margina o estigmatiza por considerarlos peligrosos, contaminantes o desechables. En este sentido, los zombis de las narraciones literarias, gráficas y audiovisuales actuales nos interpelan. Abren el espacio de una interrogación que pone en cuestión la biopolítica que rige la vida y el retorno de lo reprimido con la forma de lo monstruoso amenazante. Las ficciones de muertos vivos emergen en la narrativa argentina de las primeras décadas del año 2000 y sus relatos replican, complejizan y ponen en crisis la matriz del género que se había cristalizado en la cultura de masas, aún en sus numerosas autoparodias. En efecto, el carácter proliferante, no lineal e irónico del discurso narrativo, atravesado por el dispositivo neobarroco de la repetición con variaciones fractales, agrega una nueva voluta al género y lo renueva explotando su potencial político en el espacio imaginario que se construye a partir de la coyuntura del 2001.
A novel IoT-based health and tactical analysis model with fog computing
Authors: Karakaya Aykut , Akleylek Sedat
Published: February 2021

In sports competitions, depending on the conditions such as excitement, stress, fatigue, etc. during the match, negative situations such as disability or loss of life may occur for players and spectators. Therefore, it is extremely important to constantly check their health. In addition, some strategic analyzes are made during the match. According to the results of these analyzes, the technical team affects the course of the match. Effects can have positive and sometimes negative results. In this article, fog computing and an Internet of Things (IoT) based architecture are proposed to produce new technical strategies and to avoid disabilities. Players and spectators are monitored with sensors such as blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate, location etc. The data obtained from the sensors are processed in the fog layer and the resulting information is sent to the devices of the technical team and club doctors. In the architecture based on fog computing and IoT, priority processes are computed with low latency. For this, a task management algorithm based on priority queue and list of fog nodes is modified in the fog layer. Authentication and data confidentiality are provided with the Federated Lightweight Authentication of Things (FLAT) method used in the proposed model. In addition, using the Software Defined Network controller based on blockchain technology ensures data integrity.
Development and clinical validation of a 3-miRNA signature to predict prognosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Qi Wenqian , Zhang Qian
Published: February 2021

Aims

Identification of miRNA signature to predict the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) patients by integrating bioinformatics and experimental validation.

Methods

The miRNA expression profile and clinical data of GC were collected. The univariable and LASSO-Cox regression were used to construct the risk signature. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed the good performance of the prognostic model.

Results

A 3-miRNA prognostic signature was constructed, which included hsa-miR-126-3p, hsa-miR-143-5p, and hsa-miR-1275. A nomogram, including the prognostic signature to predict the overall survival, was established, and internal validation in the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort was performed. We found that compared with the traditional pathological stage, the nomogram was the best at predicting the prognosis.

Conclusions

The predictive model and the nomogram will enable patients with GC to be more accurately managed in clinical practice.
High expression of MCM10 is predictive of poor outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shao Mingrui , Yang Shize , Dong Siyuan
Published: February 2021

Backgrounds

Lung adenocarcinoma is a complex disease that results in over 1.8 million deaths a year. Recent advancements in treating and managing lung adenocarcinoma have led to modest decreases in associated mortality rates, owing in part to the multifactorial etiology of the disease. Novel prognostic biomarkers are needed to accurately stage the disease and act as the basis of adjuvant treatments.

Material and Methods

The microarray datasets GSE75037, GSE31210 and GSE32863 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify prognostic biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma and therapy. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by GEO2R. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis were performed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology (GO). Validation was performed based on 72 pairs of lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal lung tissues.

Results

Results showed that the DEGs were mainly focused on cell cycle and DNA replication initiation. Forty-one hub genes were identified and further analyzed by CytoScape. Here, we provide evidence which suggests MCM10 is a potential target with prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic value. We base this on an integrated approach of comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and in vitro validation using the A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line. We show that MCM10 overexpression correlates with a poor prognosis, while silencing of this gene decreases aberrant growth by 2-fold. Finally, evaluation of 72 clinical biopsy samples suggests that overexpression of MCM10 in the lung adenocarcinoma highly correlates with larger tumor size. Together, this work suggests that MCM10 may be a clinically relevant gene with both predictive and therapeutic value in lung adenocarcinoma.
Ginsenoside Rb1, salvianolic acid B and their combination modulate gut microbiota and improve glucolipid metabolism in high-fat diet induced obese mice
Authors: Bai Ying , Bao Xueli , Mu Qianqian , Fang Xin , Zhu Ruyuan , Liu Chenyue , Mo Fangfang , Zhang Dongwei , Jiang Guangjian , Li Ping , Gao Sihua , Zhao Dandan
Published: February 2021

Background

To observe the effect of ginsenoside Rb1, salvianolic acid B and their combination on glucolipid metabolism and structural changes of gut microbiota.

Methods

Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed 45% high-fat diet to induce obesity. The obese mice were randomly divided into four groups, Con group as model control, ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) group, salvianolic acid B (SalB) group and ginsenoside Rb1+ salvianolic acid B (Rb1SalB) group. Mice in Rb1, SalB and Rb1SalB group were treated by gavage with ginsenoside Rb1, salvianolic acid B and the combination of the two ingredients, respectively. While mice in Con group were given the same amount of sterile water. The intervention lasted 8 weeks. Body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured every 2 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance test was conducted on the 4th and 8th week of drug intervention. At the end of the experiment, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acid content as well as glycated hemoglobin were measured and feces were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing.

Results

Both ginsenoside Rb1 and Rb1SalB combination decreased body weight significantly (P < 0.05). Ginsenoside Rb1, salvianolic acid B and their combination alleviated fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and blood lipid profiles effectively (P < 0.05, compared with the corresponding indicators in Con group). Oral glucose tolerance test results at the 8th week showed that glucose tolerance was significantly improved in all three treatment groups. Ginsenoside Rb1, salvianolic acid B and their combination reduced the overall diversity of gut microbiota in feces and changed the microbial composition of the obese mice. LDA effect size (LefSe) analysis revealed the key indicator taxa corresponding to the treatment.

Conclusion

Ginsenoside Rb1, salvianolic acid B and their combination could lower blood glucose and lipid level, and improve glucose tolerance of obese mice. The above effect may be at least partially through modulation of gut microbial composition.
Offspring and adult chemosensory recognition by an amphisbaenian reptile may allow maintaining familiar links in the fossorial environment
Authors: Martín José , Raya-García Ernesto , Ortega Jesús , López Pilar
Published: February 2021

Kin recognition is a phenomenon with an important function in maintaining cohesive social groups in animals. Several studies have examined parent–offspring recognition in species with direct parental care. Few studies have, however, explored parent–offspring recognition in animals that, at best, only show apparent indirect parental care, such as some reptiles. In this study, we investigated reciprocal parent–offspring recognition in the fossorial amphisbaenianTrogonophis wiegmanni, a viviparous species that shows potential stable ‘family groups’ in the form of parent-offspring long-term associations. We examined whether adult males and females could discriminate via chemical cues between familiar juveniles which associate with them within their family groups, and are potentially their offspring, to that of unfamiliar juveniles, and whether juveniles could discriminate between familiar adult males and females of their family group (probably their parents) and unfamiliar unrelated adults. We measured tongue flick behavior to study chemosensory responses to the scent of conspecifics. We found that adult female amphisbaenians, but not males, could discriminate between scents of familiar and unfamiliar juveniles. Juvenile amphisbaenians did not discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar adult females, but recognize familiar from unfamiliar males. We discuss our results of parent–offspring recognition according to its potential social function in an ecological fossorial context where visibility is limited and chemosensory kin recognition may contribute to the establishment of stable family groups.
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy under general anesthesia in severely obese patients: a single-centered retrospective study
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Fan Yu , Zhou Di , Chen Junjun , Ge Shengjin
Published: February 2021

Background

This study aims to summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of severely obese patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) under general anesthesia with multidisciplinary collaboration.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed for 100 severely obese patients who were hospitalized in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from January 2017 to December 2019, and included preoperative general information, laboratory examinations, anesthesia and outcomes.

Results

A total of 100 patients (46 males, 54 females) were admitted to the department of endocrinology: 100 had hepatic steatosis (100%), 43 had sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (43%), 25 had hypertension (25%), 11 had type 2 diabetes (11%) and 8 had polycystic ovary syndrome (14% of women). The mean age and BMI were 31.52 ± 10.53 years and 43.31 ± 6.80 kg/m2, respectively. Visual laryngoscope intubation was successfully performed with routine intravenous induction in the optimum sniffing position at one time. The surgeries were successfully performed under general anesthesia, without conversion, and the operation time was 140.92 ± 31.23 min. The follow-up data for 41 patients were obtained. The postoperative BMI showed a downward trend. The BMI at 1 month and 3 months after surgery were 38.40 ± 6.77 kg/m2and 35.52 ± 7.94 kg/m2, respectively.

Conclusions

Multidisciplinary collaboration may contribute to better management and recovery during the perioperative period. Visual laryngoscope intubation with intravenous induction was performed successfully in the optimum sniffing position at one time.
The expression characteristics and prognostic roles of autophagy-related genes in gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Mengya , Jing Jingjing , Li Hao , Liu Jingwei , Yuan Yuan , Sun Liping
Published: February 2021

Background

Autophagy is an evolutionally highly conserved process, accompanied by the dynamic changes of various molecules, which is necessary for the orderly degradation and recycling of cellular components. The aim of the study was to identify the role of autophagy-related (ATG) genes in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer (GC).

Methods

Data from Oncomine dataset was used for the differential expression analysis between cancer and normal tissues. The association of ATG genes expression with clinicopathologic indicators was evaluated by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Moreover, using the TCGA datasets, the prognostic role of ATG genes was assessed. A nomogram was further built to assess the independent prognostic factors.

Results

The expression of autophagy-related genes AMBRA1, ATG4B, ATG7, ATG10, ATG12, ATG16L2, GABARAPL2, GABARAPL1, ULK4 and WIPI2 showed differences between cancer and normal tissues. After verification, ATG14 and ATG4D were significantly associated with TNM stage. ATG9A, ATG2A, and ATG4D were associated with T stage. VMP1 and ATG4A were low-expressed in patients without lymph node metastasis. No gene in autophagy pathway was associated with M stage. Further multivariate analysis suggested that ATG4D and MAP1LC3C were independent prognostic factors for GC. The C-index of nomogram was 0.676 and the 95% CI was 0.628 to 0.724.

Conclusion

Our study provided a comprehensive illustration of ATG genes expression characteristics in GC. Abnormal expressions of the ubiquitin-like conjugated system in ATG genes plays a key role in the occurrence of GC. ATG8/LC3 sub-system may play an important role in development and clinical outcome of GC. In the future, it is necessary to further elucidate the alterations of specific ATG8/LC3 forms in order to provide insights for the discovery, diagnosis, or targeting for GC.
Here4HealthCare: A Response to the Emerging Mental Health Crisis of the Frontline Healthcare Workforce
Authors: Gardiner Meredith , DeMuy Alison , Tran N. K.
Published: February 2021

Instead of simply observing a looming mental health crisis for the front line healthcare workforce in the wake of Covid-19, a community mental health agency in Ontario created a coordinated response by tailoring their services to front line healthcare workers, first responders, and their families to stay ahead of the curve.
Survival and Biomarkers of COVID-19 Patients Treated with Remdesivir and Favipiravir in ICU during the Peak of Pandemic: A Single Center Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Nasir M. , Perveen R. A. , Murshed M. , Nazneen R. , Talha K. A.
Published: February 2021

Since the first detection of a cluster of COVID-19 patients in China in late 2019, it becomes a global concern due to its transmissibility and ability to progress patients in severe respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome, which need intensive care unit support for a long time. We observed the repurposing use of remdesivir and favipiravir whether considered as a therapeutic option or not through survival rate and changes in biomarker during 10-day treatment stay in ICU.

The retrospective observational study in a tertiary care hospital dedicated to COVID-19 at Dhaka, Bangladesh was done at the peak of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The mortality rate, length of ICU stays and eight prognostic biomarkers of patients treated with remdesivir and favipiravir was observed as one of the first ever reported experience in Bangladesh.

Among the critically ill patients in ICU, 26 (44.8%) died and 32 (55.2%) were cured during the study period and highest mean duration of stay in ICU was observed (14.33 days and 18.13 days) in FPV-treated patients. Mean of means for all biomarkers CRP (26.0) and d-Dimer (2.64) was recorded higher in favipiravir treated patients in death cases, but NLR, d-NLR, platelet, PLR was much higher in remdesivir treated patient of both death and improved cases. Though overall outcome variables between death and improved cases were not statistically significant (p<0.39)

The severity of disease progression in critically ill COVID-19 patients in ICU depends on comorbidities and hyper-responsive inflammatory or immunological biomarkers to predict. Though the emergency use authorization and repurposing use of different antivirals are still on trial, but remdesivir and favipiravir revealed not much hope in improving prognostic biomarkers, survival rate and disease progression at the peak of pandemic in Bangladesh.
Effect of Climatic Factors on the Spread of COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Tunisia
Authors: Aribi Fatma , Sghaier Mongi
Published: February 2021

Since the end of December 2019, the COrona VIrus Disease (COVID-19) is sweeping the world and has caused huge damage to the health, economy, and social life of the communities. Meteorological variables are among the factors influencing the spread of contagious diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between climatic parameters and COVID-19 spread in Tunisia. To do this, we designed a daily dataset including the number of confirmed and deaths cases, minimum temperature (°C), maximum temperature (°C), mean temperature (°C), rainfall (mm), and wind speed (km/h) during the period of June 27 to October 22, 2020. To investigate the association between climatic variables and COVID-19, the Spearman correlation test was employed. The Mann-Kendall test has been also used to detect the direction of the COVID-19 trend. As many researchers have demonstrated that the incubation period of the ongoing pandemic varies from 1 to 14 days, the correlation of each parameter with COVID-19 was examined on the day of the confirmed cases and deaths, and before 7 and 14 days.  The results showed that out of the five selected climatic variables, four variables were correlated with COVID-19 cases and deaths (statistically significant at a 99% confidence level). A positive correlation of the rainfall with COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths was observed, the highest was 14 days ago. However, negative correlations were observed for minimum, maximum, and mean temperature, the highest was on the day of the incident. Besides, the Mann-Kendall test showed increasing trends for COVID-19 cases and deaths (statistically significant at a 99% confidence level). The results of this study might be useful to understand the role of climatic factors in the spread of COVID-19 and provide insights for healthcare policymakers to well manage this global pandemic.