bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Considering the Power of Ahl Madinah Malik Bin Anas Ijma as an Islamic Legal Source
Authors: Yusuf Nasruddin , Hasan Faradila
Published: September 2021

Ijmak Ahl Madinah became the method used in performing legal istinbath which was held by Imam Malik and was challenged by other scholars. Most of the other scholars consider this kind of ijmak, not ijmak but only an agreement for a region in the form of individual ijtihad which does not bind all the Muslims. Imam Malik considers the consent of ahl al-Madinah as an Ijma which has a specific value from the city of Medina itself. Imam Malik holds the ijma model as his source of law because it is considered to have continuity of authority with the main source, the qath'iy Qur'an wh the valid hadiths. This is different from the ijma that comes from the results of ijtihad, so it can be categorized as' urf which applies in the area of Medina and this cannot be said to be ijma.
Dynamics of Contemporary Indonesian Sufism: Actors, Scientific Genealogy, Educational Patterns, and Doctrines of the Majelis Shalawat in East Java
Authors: Rubaidi Rubaidi
Published: September 2021

This article examines the dynamics of Majelis Shalawat as a “new” Sufi institution that flourished in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Majelis Shalawat as another alternative to the tarekat is another option for the community because it teaches various dimensions of truth and makrifat. This following research focused on 3 (three) Majelis Shalawat, they are: (1) Majelis Shalawat Kubro (Gus Syamsu Dhuha), (2) Majelis Shalawat Muhammad (Gus Kahar), and (3) Majelis Shalawat Adlimiyah (Gus Mursyidin) in East Java. These are being an interested attention due to its multiple findings; Firstly, having a teacher backrest that forms a scientific genealogy. The three murshids become one unity because there is a key figure beyond them, namely KH. Muhammad Tamyiz (Mbah Tamyiz). Mbah Tamyiz connected with Sufi scholars from the 1970s to 1980s who were continued by his three successors. Secondly, it is built based on a specific Sufi education pattern, namely the strict mujahadah and riyad traditions. Thirdly, on the basis of scientific genealogy and educational patterns, which finally forming doctrines or thoughts. The doctrine taught by the three murshids, both stated and unstated, is continued with Abu Yazid al-Bustami (ittihad), Mansur al-Hallaj (hulul), Ibn al-'Arabi (wihdat al-Wujud), until Abdul Karim al-Jilli (tajalli). As a preliminary study, this article attempts to present the relationship among the scientific genealogy, educational patterns, and doctrines of the teachings of the three murshids in their respective of Majelis Shalawat as a part of contemporary Indonesian Sufi
Questioning about Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Marriage Dispensation in PA Kotamobagu
Authors: Makka Misbahul Munir , Bukido Rosdalina , Hasan Faradila
Published: September 2021

This research aims to show the results of the issuance of Law No. 16 of 2019 and the increasing application for marriage dispensation at the Kotamobagu PA. Underage marriage is a common thing in society. Many things are a factor in underage marriage, one of which is pregnancy outside of marriage and is considered to approve the proposed marriage dispensation. This research is field research located in PA Kotamobagu. The results obtained are that although the issuance of Law Number 16 of 2019, cases of underage marriages are even increasing. This case is evidenced in PA Kotamobagu. In 2020 the application for marriage dispensation was higher than the previous year. One of the reasons for submitting a marriage dispensation made by the community is a pregnant woman out of wedlock, so the judge must approve the proposed marriage dispensation. In other words, this law has no impact on suppressing the number of underage marriages, and the increased age limit has increased the dispensation for marriage.
Socialization and Assistance Program Patnership Parents, School and Societies involvement In Early Childhood Education
Authors: Jeti La , Manan Manan , Putra L.M Ricard Zeldi , Asnawati Asnawati , Muliati Muliati
Published: September 2021

This service aims to socialize and assist the partnership program of parents, schools, and the community in involvement in the implementation of early childhood education, as mandated by the Minister of Education and Culture No. 30 of 2017 concerning Family Involvement in Education. This activity was carried out in Lawela Village, South Buton Regency. This service activity consists of 3 stages. The first stage is the Community Service Team together with parents, schools and communities to carry out FGD (Forum Group Discussion) to socialize the partnership program. The second stage is partnership assistance to families, schools and communities. Third Stage The Service Team conducts interviews and observations to parents, teachers and the community regarding involvement in children's education at the Lawela Village Kindergarten. The results of this service show that through the socialization and assistance of the partnership program, a partnership relationship is built between parents, schools and the community, towards the implementation of early childhood education. These three elements of education are mutually involved in parenting programs, building communication for early childhood education, learning activities at home, and joint decision making.
Meningkatkan Motorik Halus Kelompok A melalui Penerapan Media Kolase
Authors: Familiani Neti , Na’imah Na’imah
Published: September 2021

Variasi media yang digunakan akan membantu motorik halus cepat berkembang sesuai dengan usianya. penelitian mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis pelaksanaan pembelajaran melalui media kolase bahan alam untuk meningkatkan motorik halus kelompok A TK PKK Mulyojati 16 C Metro Barat Kota Metro. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunkan portofolio, observasi dan dokumentasi. Penggunaan Portofolio melihat kemampuan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran kolase bahan alam. Observasi untuk mengetahui perkembangan motorik halus. dokumentasi digunakan untuk memperoleh informasi tertulis maupun dokumen, serta menangkap kejadian-kejadian yang muncul pada pembelajaran. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode penelitian tindakan kelas, dan dilaksanakan dalam II siklus dan masing-masing siklus dilaksanakan 2 kali pertemuan yang meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Pelaksanaan siklus sebelumnya menjadi acuan untuk siklus selanjutnya. hasil penelitian, menunjukan peningkatan kemampuan motorik halus peserta didik TK PKK Mulyojati pada siklus I peserta didik yang mendapatkan kriteria berkembang sesuai harapan sejumlah 8 peserta didik pada siklus ke II meningkat menjadi 11 peserta didik
Penurunan Kecemasan Pada Ibu Hamil Risiko Tinggi melalui Citronella Oil Theraphy
Authors: Apriza Apriza , Erlinawati Erlinawati , Anita Rahayu , Fira Helena
Published: September 2021

Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Citronella Oil therapy dalam menurunkan kecemasan ibu hamil resiko tinggi di Desa Kuok. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian dengan metode quasi experiment dengan rancangan one group pre- test-posttest design. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah seluruh ibu hamil risiko tinggi yang mengalami kecemasan di desa kuok. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu 29 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisa univariat dan bivariat. Analisa bivariat menggunakan uji statistik uji T-test dependen yaitu uji dua mean dependen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh citronella oil theraphy terhadap penurunan kecemasan ibu hamil risiko tinggi di desa Kuok wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kuok. Diharapkan agar tenaga kesehatan dapat mengimplementasikan penggunaan citronella oil therapy dalam mengatasi kecemasan yang dialami oleh ibu hamil
Hubungan Kegiatan Literasi Orangtua dengan Anak terhadap Perkembangan Literasi Anak Usia 6-7 Tahun Selama Covid-19 di SDN 06 Pulai
Authors: Bunayya Futri , Eliza Delfi
Published: September 2021

Kegiatan literasi orangtua dengan anak merupakan kegiatan yang penting dalam menstimulasi perkembangan literasi anak selama Covid-19, sebab anak lebih banyak menghabiskan waktunya di rumah bersama keluarga dibandingkan di sekolah bersama guru dan teman-temannya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan kegiatan literasi orangtua dengan anak terhadap perkembangan literasi anak usia 6-7 tahun selama Covid-19. Subjek yang digunakan pada penelitian ialah orangtua dari murid kelas 1 di SDN 06 Pulai yang berjumlah 14 orang. Jenis penelitian yang dipakai merupakan jenis penelitian korelasi yang termasuk dalam metode kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dipakai menggunakan teknik observasi, kuesioner serta wawancara. Berdasarkan analisis data, diperoleh hasil uji korelasi antara kegiatan literasi orangtua dengan anak terhadap perkebangan literasi anak dengan nilai rata-rata sig. (2-tailed) < α 0,05 maka terdapatnya hubungan yang signifikan antara kedua variabel dan rata-rata koefisien korelasinya sebesar 0,617% sehingga tingkat hubungan kedua variabel tersebut tergolong kuat. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan literasi yang dilakukan orangtua dengan anak memiliki hubungan terhadap perkembangan literasi anak usia 6-7 tahun selama Covid-19 di SDN 06 Pulai
Weak Local Parliament's Role: A Case Study of the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial People's Representative Assembly, 2009-2014
Authors:   Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia, Nursahid Fajar , Perdana Aditya , Rauf Maswadi
Published: September 2021

This study examined the weak of local parliament (DPRD)'s role in serving legislation, budgeting, and supervision function as well as its low of women’s representation. It is assumed that DPRD position as part of regional government regime –instead of parliament one, make them impossible to play the role utmost. DPRD is frequently compared with the central parliament (DPR): Despite being the same legislative bodies, however, they have different roles and authority. In contrast to this assumption, rules by law normatively conceive that role of DPR and DPRD are remains the same. Their difference is just the level of they represent. Therefore, DPRD's inability to conduct normative roles pursuant to provisions of laws is important to explain. Taking the provincial DPRD of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) as the case, this study attempted to disentangle weak of the local parliament, despite having broad normative authority. Several causes related to lack of human resources, lack of technical support and facilities, are the constitute factors that contribute DPRD's weak role. Meanwhile, the strong patriarchal culture and the fierce of electoral competition have been contributing to low women’s representation in DPRD. The study is expected to provide a significant contribution to the academic debate on the non-optimal existence of DPRD. Also, a debate on women in politics, particularly with respect their representation in the local parliament.
Voices of Underrepresented Stakeholders: Parental Evaluation on 5th Grade ELT Curricula
Authors:   Mersin University (Turkey), Dündar Esin , Merç Ali ,   Anadolu University (Turkey)
Published: September 2021

The opinions of parents as a school-based stakeholders on ELT curricula have been neglected by not only authorities but also the related literature. Except from their consent or demands’ being a prerequisite for the application of intensive curriculum for 5th graders, parents do not have a role for the development or application of English language curricula in Turkish education system. The present study is an attempt to hearken to their voices about the English language curricula implemented for 5th graders in Turkish middle schools. To this end, a cross-sectional survey study was designed and 116 parents of 5th graders were reached through ‘Parental Questionnaire on ELT Curriculum.’ The data were analyzed through Nvivo 12 and the results were supported with visual maps and direct quotations. The findings indicated that with high expectations from the curricula, the parents supported learning English based on the factors of providing long-term benefits and keeping up the new world order. Sharing their opinions on teaching material, content, class hours, assignments, and activities, participants gave suggestions on cognitive, affective, and practical aspects to improve the applications.
Job Satisfaction of Health Assistants in Selected Upazila Health Complexes of Bangladesh
Authors:   Institute of Epidemiology (Bangladesh), National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (Bangladesh), Directorate General of Health Services (Bangladesh), Dhaka Dental College (Bangladesh), Amar Hospital Ltd (Bangladesh), Bosu Sunanda , Haque Mohammad Farhadul , Barua Shomrita , Israfil Kazi Md. , Sen Aninda , Hasan Md Mahmudul
Published: September 2021

Health assistants play an important role in providing primary health care among the rural population in Bangladesh. Their improper working performance can hamper the entire nations’ health care. Proper productivity is related to the job satisfaction and job satisfaction is the result of attitude and behavior. The purpose of this study was to assess the job satisfaction level among health assistants working in selected Upazila Health Complex (UHC). 203 health assistants were interviewed through purposive sampling technique from four UHCs in the Dhaka district. Out of 203 respondents, 114 were female and 89 were male where Mean± SD was 38.80 ±7.62. The highest 109 (53.7%) participants had 1-10 years of working experience and 104 (51.2%) respondents had monthly income between 18000 -23000 BDTK. The percentage of neutral, satisfied and unsatisfied participants’ was 65%, 28% and 7%, respectively. There was significant (P < 0.05) relationship between job satisfaction and getting medical allowance, training opportunity and salary. Job nature such as security, meaningless, pride and enjoying, support colleagues such as supervisor and coworkers, acceptance by both the community and oneself were identified as the satisfied items where low and fair opportunities for promotion, low increment, and low pay, no praise, high work pressure, and null administrative capacity were found as dissatisfied factors of job. On the basis of these findings, policy makers and concerned authorities could take necessary steps for increasing the level of job satisfaction of health assistants.
Feasibility of integrating mental health screening into youth HIV Care in a Low-Middle Income Country Setting
Authors: Brooks Merrian , Phetogo Bathusi , Monyane-Pheko Makhetha , Phoi Onkemetse , Tshume Ontibile , Tembwe Tapiwa , Matshaba Mogomotsi , Lowenthal Elizabeth
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Youth living with HIV (YLWH) experience higher rates of mental illness than their peers. Holistic care for YLWH may involve adopting mental health screening programs into comprehensive HIV care to help identify and address mental health concerns in young people. We explored various contexts, procedures, and safety measures throughout the integration and maintenance of a mental health screening program for adolescents attending an HIV referral clinic in Gaborone, Botswana. Methods: Implementation goals included a safety goal of 100% appropriate referral rate for emergency cases, and a screening goal of 70% of the approximately 1100 adolescent and young adults who were clients of the clinic at least once in the one year review period. Frequent meetings with the behavioral health team and relevant clinic staff were conducted to determine when, where and how to screen the clients. Referral procedures and an emergency protocol for certain “red flag” behaviors was developed to facilitate a warm handing off to trained mental health professionals along with a backup for non-mental health clinicians to assist in the absence of the PSS team. Every other week severe score case reports were produced by the screening team to prevent loss to follow up of suicidal ideation, hallucination or very high scores. Mild to moderate cases were referred to clinicians trained in brief intervention therapy. Results: Of the 846 clients screened, 191 (19.2%) had severe scores. Eight (4.1%) of these 191 severe case scores were either not immediately reported, or were inappropriately referred. Two of those eight had suicidal ideation and were not immediately referred but were appropriately followed up after being identified during bimonthly implementation team meetings. Identifying a specific trained person tasked with facilitating the screening was found to be most helpful. As was training the clinicians in methods to respond to mild to moderate results, particularly during unavailability of PSS team members. A clear and detailed protocol for severe cases was also noted as a key element in keeping the screening program safe. Conclusions: Establishing a universal screening program in an LMIC is possible with the consideration of various contextual factors.
Evi Hardiyanti Simamora
Authors: PEMBANGUNAN GOVERNANCE: JURNAL POLITIK LOKAL DAN
Published: September 2021

In Law No. 6 of 2014 the village affirms that the village is no longer an administrative area, not even a subordinate or an element of regional implementation, but a special and independent area. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation of the function of Village Consultative Board in village development in Aloban Village, Portibi District, Padang Lawas Utara District. The method used in this study using descriptive method with a qualitative approach, research directed to provide accurate and systematic symptoms, facts or events about the properties of specific populations and areas. The results of this study found that the function of Village Deliberation Agency in Aloban Village has not been running as its function.
The Impacts of Content & Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) Method on University Students' Reading Comprehension Skills in Indonesia
Authors: Guntur Muhammad , Gani Hamsu Abdul , Mustafa M.
Published: September 2021

One of the problems of education in Indonesia is the low level of public literacy both on a national and international scale. One of the essential aspects of improving literacy is by generating interest in reading in college students. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the Content & Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) method on students' reading comprehension skills. There were 40 participants involved in the study which were divided into two groups, namely the control class and the experimental class. All participants are students from the State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Palopo, South Sulawesi, Indonesia who are taking Indonesian language courses as a compulsory subject in higher education. To collect data, the researcher used an instrument in the form of a multiple-choice test which was given to both groups in the pretest and posttest sessions. The learning outcomes of the two test sessions were analyzed quantitatively using the SPSS 20.00 application. The results showed that the use of the CLIL method in Indonesian courses could improve students' reading comprehension skills. This is indicated by the difference in the average value between the pretest and posttest reading comprehension.
Mulia Jaya
Authors: PEMBANGUNAN GOVERNANCE: JURNAL POLITIK LOKAL DAN
Published: September 2021

The values of power possessed by traditional holders or ninik mamak in the Bungo Malay community can be seen from their position in the tuo house. Tuo's house is one of the cultural relics of ancient Malay, Jambi's house is synonymous with Old Malay customs. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method which is a case study. Research informants were selected by purposive sampling method. The results of the study found that the values of power in the carving of the tuo house in Kampung Baruh Village, Tabir District, Merangin Regency, can be seen from the carvings on the tuo house ornaments, including: Carving of Keluk Paku (Pakis Wood) means that every development actor (leader) must be able to protect the The function and role it carries, Tampuk Manggis Carving means that the inner tribe shows politeness, sweet-faced hospitality to any guests who come. Carved Rope Philosophy of a strong bond and close kinship in the family, Carving Mensinding Gulung Paku (Pakis) showing the boundaries between mamak grandmothers, traditional elders, religious leaders with family and guest rooms, Carving Roots related to inner tribes if married their children from elements (matched) from their own family or from the same tribe. The efforts of the Merangin Regency Government in preserving the existence of tuo houses in Kampung Baruh Village, Tabir District, Merangin Regency, include making the area attractive, improving facilities and infrastructure and increasing accessibility.
Toga Sehat Sihite
Authors: PEMBANGUNAN GOVERNANCE: JURNAL POLITIK LOKAL DAN
Published: September 2021

Marketing strategy as an important aspect to maintain and expand opportunities to reach the market. Studies that explore the Bank's internal marketing strategies have been examined by previous research but based on competitive banking dynamics and highly dynamic market demands it is difficult to predict, the study of marketing strategies in the context of the Bank's companies is considered to be relevant for review at any time. This article aims to analyze the marketing strategies available at PT Bank Mandiri, Tbk Yogyakarta branch 2004 with the SWOT analysis method. Data was obtained through interviews with the management of the Bank Mandiri Yogyakarta branch. The analytical tool used is the analysis of industrial structure (Porter), SWOT. The results of the study through a SWOT analysis of the position of PT. Bank Mandiri in its marketing strategy uses a growth strategy.
No Publish
Authors: Surbakti Krista
Published: September 2021

Pancasila and Citizenship Education is a vehicle for developing and preserving the noble values and morals instilled in the culture of the Indonesian nation which are expected to be realized in the form of behavior in everyday life, both as individuals and as members, citizens of society, and creatures of God Almighty. Lecturers play a very important role in shaping behavior towards students. With the rapid development of the era, there has been a decline in student behavior or attitudes, so lecturers must be the solution to this problem. Lecturers must take on the role of figures who can be used as examples for students. The role of lecturers can be in the form of attitudes that can be exemplified, actions that continue to monitor student development and also want to direct students to good goals. As a national ideology, the basic values of Pancasila are the ideals of the Indonesian people which also show the character of the nation to be built. The character, identity or identity of a nation is not something that has been done. Character is the result of construction and the product of culture through education. Pancasila underlies and inspires the entire process of organizing the state in various fields and is a reference for all Indonesian people in acting and acting in their daily lives. Pancasila provides a clear direction and criteria regarding whether or not an attitude and action carried out by every Indonesian citizen in social, national and state life is appropriate, especially among students.
Edy Erianto
Authors: PEMBANGUNAN GOVERNANCE: JURNAL POLITIK LOKAL DAN
Published: September 2021

Karo regency has alot of tourism potential consist of marine tourism, religious tourism, culture tourism, ecotourism and others. The tourist destination have it’s own appeal for domestic or foreign tourists. The tourist visits increased every year. This study aims to determine the potential and strategy for developing tourism in Karo District. This type of research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Research informants were determined purposively. The technique of collecting data was done by observation, interviews and documentation. Analysis data is was with data reduction, presentation of data, conclusion and data triangulation. The data are presented and analyzed in descriptively. The results shows that department of tourism Karo regency have strategy to develop the tourism. Development strategy used such as; Man, for maximize human resources quantity of department of tourism Karo regency, then departmen of tourism has cooperate with stakeholder such as community, agent, blogger, and establish tourism promotion agency for support the tourism marketing.
David Efrata Tarigan
Authors: PEMBANGUNAN GOVERNANCE: JURNAL POLITIK LOKAL DAN
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine and analyze the picture of the implementation of the role and oversight of the implementation of regional government affairs conducted by the Inspectorate of Deli Serdang and constraints faced by local governments in Deli Serdang Region. This research use descriptive method with qualitative approach technically, to illustrate the operational activities and the play is carried out by the inspectorate of Deli Serdang. Thus the data source is the people or individuals who fully understand the problems studied and formally involved in the regulatory process. The results concludes that the supervisory role through internal audits of the implementation of regional government affairs in Deli Serdang by District Inspectorate has been implemented properly. However there are also some disadvantages which become information for planning improvements in the supervision of the future. Within the framework of optimizing the role and function as an internal auditor, Deli Serdang District Inspectorate is still experiencing constraints such as human resource constraints, Operational Standards and the constraints that have not been going well.
Introducing Health-Climate-Economics and Rapid Viability Test for Candidate Solutions as a Tool for Automated Healthcare Procurement and Evaluation
Authors: Alali Ethar
Published: September 2021

The recognition climate change has an effect on health economics of products or service requires new procurement and evaluation models. Health climate economics provides one such model that also provides a rapid evaluation methodology for incumbent and candidate suppliers
Examining the roles of regularity and lexical class in 18--26-month-olds' representations of how words sound
Authors: Moore Charlotte , Bergelson Elika
Published: September 2021

By around 12 months, infants have well-specified phonetic representations for the nouns they understand, for instance looking less at a car upon hearing ‘cur’ than ‘car’ (Swingley & Aslin, 2002). Here we test whether such high-fidelity representations extend to irregular nouns, and regular and irregular verbs. A corpus analysis confirms the intuition that irregular verbs are far more common than irregular nouns in speech to young children. Two eyetracking experiments then test whether toddlers are sensitive to mispronunciation inregular and irregular nouns (Experiment 1) and verbs (Experiment 2). For nouns, we find both a mispronunciation and regularity effect in 18-month-olds. For verbs, in Experiment 2a, we find only a regularity effect and no mispronunciation effect in 18-month-olds, though toddlers’ poor comprehension overall limits interpretation. Finally, in Experiment 2b we find a mispronunciation effect and no regularity effect in 26-month-olds. Implications for wordform representations, lexical class, and learning are discussed.
Wordform variability in infants' language environment and its effects on early word learning
Authors: Moore Charlotte , Bergelson Elika
Published: September 2021

Traditional views of language development suggest that noun learning involves creating a one-to-one mapping between concrete objects and their labels. In the current work, we provide evidence that real world language input to infants does not provide such tidy mappings. Instead, infants encounter many variant wordforms for familiar nouns(e.g. dog∼doggy∼dogs). We explore this wordform variability in 44 English-learning infants’ naturalistic environments using a longitudinal corpus of infant-available speech. We looked at both the frequency and composition of wordform variability. We found two broad categories of variability: morpheme-adding changes, where words were pluralized or compounded (e.g. coat∼raincoats); and wordplay, where words changed form without any associated change in meaning (e.g. bird∼birdie). Wordplay occured with a limited number of lemmas that were usually early-learned, highly-frequent, and shorter. When looking at all wordform variability, we found that individual words with higher levels of wordform variability were learned earlier than words with fewer wordforms, over and above the effect of frequency.
Rizki Arif Putra
Authors: PEMBANGUNAN GOVERNANCE: JURNAL POLITIK LOKAL DAN
Published: September 2021

At a time when banking is facing difficulties to make the debtor which is not problematic, UMK became an alternative credit channeling of banking. There is little industry in the city of Medan have a very strategic role, both in the Equalization of opportunities, equitable spread of the Interest of the industry that supports the development, employment equity, and aims to form indentations the Community industry is small, independent, tough, and developed into a major industry. This research aims to analyze the role of the Service industry and are experts in developing small industries in the city of Medan. This research uses descriptive qualitative approach method. Results of the study showed a number of productive activities performed by the Department of industry and experts and the weakness of the perpetrators of the small and medium industries to expand the network of ekternal.
Focusing the Conceptualization of Erotophilia and Erotophobia on Global Attitudes Toward Sex: Development and Validation of the Sex Positivity-Negativity Scale
Authors: Hangen Forrest , Rogge Ronald D
Published: September 2021

Previous measures of erotophobia/erotophilia like the Sexual Opinion Survey (SOS) assessed gut-level positive-negative affective and evaluative reactions to a wide range of sexual stimuli, resulting in purposefully diverse item content. Although an effective strategy, the item content of existing erotophilia/erotophobia scales is now potentially too generalized, encompassing what have since developed as an array of more focused constructs in the current literature like attitudes toward (1) casual sex, (2) pornography, (3) non-heterosexual orientations (e.g., homophobia), and (4) masturbation. The current study therefore sought to evaluate existing scales and to develop a conceptually focused measure of sex-positivity and sex-negativity using a distinct strategy designed to obviate the need for overly generalized (and potentially imbalanced or confounding) item content. Using responses from 2,205 online respondents (82% Caucasian, 66% heterosexual, 50% female) completing an item pool of 158 items, the current study employed a combination of classic test-theory analyses (e.g., exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses) and Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses to develop a psychometrically optimized scale–the Sex Positivity-Negativity (SPN) scale. The SPN scale demonstrated: (1) a stable 2-subscale structure distinguishing sex-negativity from sex-positivity, (2) consistently high levels of internal consistency across 31 demographic subsamples, (3) more discriminant than convergent validity with existing erotophilia scales given its novel focus, (4) discriminant validity with more specific sexual attitudes, (5) greater levels of power and precision for detecting differences between individuals, (6) stronger links to individual, sexual, and relationship functioning than existing scales, and (7) incremental validity over the SOS for predicting change in relationship dynamics over 6 months. The findings therefore suggested that the SPN scale is a conceptually-focused measure of sex-positivity and sex-negativity offering researchers a comparatively short and effective tool. Implications are discussed.
Flow-dependent and dynamical systems analyses of predictability of the Pacific-North American summertime circulation
Authors: Nabizadeh Ebrahim , Lubis Sandro , Hassanzadeh Pedram
Published: September 2021

Forecast skills of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models and intrinsic predictability can be flow-dependent, e.g., different amongweather regimes. Here, we have examined the predictability of distinct Pacific-North American weather regimes in June-September. Fourweather regimes are identified using a self-organizing map analysis of daily 500-hPa geopotential height anomalies, and are shown to havedistinct and coherent links to near-surface temperature and precipitation anomalies over the North American continent. The 4 to 14-dayforecast skills of these 4 regimes are quantified for the ECMWF and the NCEP models (from the TIGGE project) and the Global EnsembleForecast System (GEFS). Based on anomaly correlation coefficient, persistence, and transition frequency, the highest forecast skills areconsistently found for regime 3 (Arctic high). In general, the least skillful forecasts are for regime 1 (Pacific trough). The instantaneous localdimension and persistence of each regime are computed using a dynamical systems-based analysis. The local dimension and persistenceare indicators of intrinsic predictability. This analysis robustly shows that regime 3 has the highest intrinsic predictability. The analysisalso suggests that overall, regime 1 has the lowest intrinsic predictability. These findings are consistent with the high (low) forecast skillsof NWP models for regime 3 (regime 1). Weather regime 1 is associated with above-normal temperature and precipitation anomalies overwestern North America and around the Gulf of Mexico region, indicating potentially important implications for the poor predictability ofthis regime. The dynamical systems analysis suggests that better estimates of initial conditions might improve the forecasts of this regime.
Integrating the ‘the triangle of geography, geology and geophysics’ into sustainable development
Authors: Stewart Iain
Published: September 2021

In the context of tackling climate change in the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East, HRH Prince El-Hassan bin Talal has called for an integrated approach to human and natu-ral resources management that takes account of ‘the triangle of geography, geology and geophysics’. The lack of application of geoscientific knowledge to sustainable develop-ment issues is surprising given that advancing human progress lies at the roots of modern geoscience and aligns with the intellectual mindsets and technical skills that geoscientists are trained in. Applying this Earth science toolkit to the challenges of long-term sustaina-bility will require the global geoscience community to repurpose its principles and prac-tices, in particular: (1) better communicating what geoscientists know and do, and how that is socially useful; (2) reaching out to other disciplines more engaged in sustainability issues; and (3) re-designing Earth science education and training programmes to place sustainability and human wellbeing at the heart of a 21st century geoscientist’s profes-sional purpose.
An open workflow for the study of unseen weather extremes
Authors: Kelder Timo , Marjoribanks Tim , Slater Louise , Prudhomme Christel , Wilby Rob , Wagemann Julia , Dunstone Nick
Published: September 2021

Ensemble members from weather and climate predictions can be used to generate large samples of simulated weather events, allowing the estimation of extreme (hitherto unseen) events. Here, we provide a protocol and open workflow for applying the ‘UNSEEN’ method for hydro-climatic extremes globally, based on Copernicus Climate Change Services (C3S) seasonal predictions but also considering other compatible modelling systems. We discuss common challenges and potential solutions using three examples of extreme events that caused severe damage in 2020 (extreme rainfall, heat, and wildfire danger). These case studies demonstrate the potential of the method to inform decision-making with maximum credible events used for stress-testing adaptation measures and to anticipate unprecedented extremes in a changing climate. As such, this paper may be used to guide the generation of large ensembles that are a credible resource for evaluating otherwise unforeseen hydro-climatic risks.
Inhibition of photoferrotrophy by nitric oxide in ferruginous environments
Authors: Nikeleit Verena , Mellage Adrian , Bianchini Giorgio , Sauter Lea , Buessecker Steffen , Gotterbarm Stefanie , Schad Manuel , Konhauser Kurt , Zerkle Aubrey , Sánchez-Baracaldo Patricia , Kappler Andreas , Bryce Casey
Published: September 2021

Anoxygenic phototrophic Fe(II)-oxidizers (photoferrotrophs) are thought to have thrived in Earth’s ancient ferruginous oceans and played a primary role in the precipitation of Archean and Paleoproterozoic (3.8-1.85 Ga) banded iron formations (BIF). The end of BIF deposition by photoferrotrophs has often been interpreted as being the result a deepening of water column oxygenation below the photic zone concomitant with the proliferation of cyanobacteria. We suggest here that a potentially overlooked aspect influencing BIF precipitation by photoferrotrophs is competition with another anaerobic Fe(II)-oxidizing metabolism. It is speculated that microorganisms capable of coupling Fe(II) oxidation to the reduction of nitrate were also present early in Earth history when BIF were being deposited, but the extent to which they could compete with photoferrotrophs when favourable geochemical conditions overlapped is unknown. Utilizing microbial incubations and numerical modelling, we show that nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizers metabolically outcompete photoferrotrophs for dissolved Fe(II). Moreover, the nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizers inhibit photoferrotrophy via the production of toxic nitric oxide (NO). Four different photoferrotrophs, representing both green sulfur and purple non-sulfur bacteria, are susceptible to this toxic effect despite having genomic capabilities for NO detoxification. Indeed, despite NO detoxification mechanisms being ubiquitous in some groups of phototrophs at the genomic level (e.g. Chlorobi and Cyanobacteria) it is likely they would still be influenced by NO stress. We suggest that the production of NO during nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidation in ferruginous environments represents an as yet unreported control on the activity of photoferrotrophs in the ancient oceans and thus the mechanisms driving precipitation of BIF.
Ruminating oneself to sleep: The moderating role of reappraisal and suppression in the association between rumination and sleep difficulty in a non-clinical sample
Authors: Hairston Ilana Susie , Portal Lilach , Carmon Tal
Published: September 2021

It is postulated that negative ruminations perpetuate insomnia symptoms by increasing arousal. Less is known about the role of positive rumination. In this study, we set out to test the association between positive and negative ruminations and insomnia symptoms, in a non-clinical sample, asking whether reappraisal and suppression moderate the relationship between rumination types and symptoms of insomnia. Methods: A convenience sample of 354 participants (59% women), ages 18–50, responded to online questionnaires regarding symptoms of insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index [ISI]), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire that provides separate scales for Reappraisal and Suppression, Negative Rumination (Ruminative Response Scale), Positive Rumination and Dampening (Responses to Positive Affect questionnaire), and general health and demographics.Results: About 30% of respondents had moderate to severe symptoms of insomnia according to the ISI. The primary hypothesis was tested using three moderation models, where rumination type, emotion regulation styles, and interaction terms were predictors, and ISI scores were the outcome variable. Negative rumination positively predicted ISI (β = 0.56, p < .001), while the interaction terms with Reappraisal (β = 0.02, p = 0.575) and Suppression (β = 0.07, p = 0.092) were not significant. Dampening also positively predicted ISI (β = 0.56, p < .001), with the interaction term with Reappraisal nearly significant (β = -0.09, p = 0.060), but not with Suppression (β = 0.08, p = .098). Positive rumination negatively predicted ISI (β = -0.12, p = .021), this relationship was reversed with emotion regulation factors in the model (β = 0.11, p = .094), where the interaction with Reappraisal (β = 0.13, p = .020) and Suppression (β = -0.13, p = .024) were both significant.Discussion: Positive Rumination weakly and negatively correlated with ISI, but the combination with Reappraisal was associated with more insomnia symptoms. By contrast, Dampening associated with more insomnia symptoms, with minimal to no moderating effects. These observations are interpreted in the context of the role of emotion regulation strategies and sleep, and their potential clinical implications.
Impact of COVID-19 on alcohol use disorder recovery: A qualitative study
Authors: Scarfe Molly , Haik Amanda K , Rahman Liah , Todi Akshiti , Kane Claire , Walji Alyna , Dickerman Sarah R. , Kelly John F. , MacKillop James
Published: September 2021

In March 2020, restrictions on in-person gatherings were introduced due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, requiring alcohol use disorder (AUD) recovery resources to migrate to virtual platforms. This study investigated how these restrictions impacted recovery attempts and explored participant experiences with virtual resources using a qualitative approach. Participants attempting recovery from AUD (N = 62;Mage = 48.2; F = 53.2%; 71% White) completed virtual semistructured interviews from July 2020 to August 2020 on their experience during the COVID-19 lockdown, impacts on recovery, and experiences with online resources. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a thematic coding process. Three overarching themes were identified: Effect on Recovery, Virtual Recovery Resources, and Effect on General Life. Within each overarching theme, lower order parent themes and subthemes reflected varied participant experiences. Specifically, one group of participants cited negative impacts due to COVID-19, a second group reported positive impacts, and a third group reported experiencing both positive and negative impacts. Participants reported both positive and negative experiences with virtual resources, identifying suggestions for improvement and other resources. Findings suggest that while individuals in AUD recovery experienced significant hardships, a proportion experienced positive impacts as well, and the positive and negative consequences were not mutually exclusive. Additionally, the results highlight the limitations of existing virtual resources.
Do infrahumanization and affective prejudice drive teacher discrimination against Romani students? A conceptual replication of Bruneau et al. (2020) in Germany
Authors: Civitillo Sauro , Ialuna Francesca , Lieck Dwayne Sean Noah , Jugert Philipp
Published: September 2021

Bruneau’s work repeatedly focused on the Roma minority, worldwide, one of the most dehumanized ethnic groups. In a preregistered design, we replicated one of his previous studies (Bruneau et al., 2020) in a different national context (i.e., Germany) in testing the hypotheses that pre-service teachers make biased educational-track recommendations discriminating against Romani students and that infrahumanization drives this behaviour. In line with Bruneau et al.’s work, pre-service teachers judged placing self-identified Romani students into lower educational tracks as more appropriate than self-identified Turkish-origin and German students, despite equal academic performance. Although participants infrahumanized Romani students at greater levels compared to non-Romani students, in contrast to the Bruneau et al.’s study, educational-track recommendations were positively associated with affective prejudice but not with infrahumanization. These findings extend Bruneau’s insights on dehumanization, prejudice, and discrimination against people of Romani background, highlighting the role of the social context in which these associations are studied.
Facial Emotion Processing and Language During Middle Childhood: An Event Related Potential Study
Authors: Bigelow Felicity J , Clark Gillian M , Lum Jarrad , Enticott Peter Gregory
Published: September 2021

Facial emotion processing (FEP) is critical to social cognitive ability. Developmentally, FEP rapidly improves in early childhood and continues to be fine-tuned throughout middle childhood and into adolescence. Previous research has suggested that language plays a role in the development of social cognitive skills, including non-verbal emotion recognition tasks. Here we investigated whether language is associated with specific neurophysiological indicators of FEP. One hundred and fourteen children (4-12 years) completed a language assessment and a FEP task including stimuli depicting anger, happiness, fear, and neutrality. EEG was used to record key event related potentials (ERPs; P100, N170, LPP at occipital and parietal sites separately) previously shown to be sensitive to faces and facial emotion. While there were no main effects of language, the P100 latency to negative expressions appeared to increase with language, while LPP amplitude increased with language for negative and neutral expressions. These findings suggest that language is linked to some early physiological indicators of FEP, but this is dependent on the facial expression. Future studies should explore the role of language in later stages of neural processing, with a focus on processes localised to ventromedial prefrontal regions.
Emotional Processes in Intractable Conflicts: Integrating Descriptive and Interventionist Approaches
Authors: Cohen-Chen Smadar , Halperin Eran
Published: September 2021

Intractable intergroup conflicts are extreme, prolonged, and violent forms of intergroup conflict, which involve unique socio-psychological dynamics. As such, they offer challenges in using widely established and successful approaches to intergroup relations and harmony. One approach which has gained growing attention in this context addresses the role of emotions as an avenue to changing attitudes, behaviors and even support for policies in intergroup intractable conflicts. The role of emotional processes in conflicts can be studied from two very different perspectives. The first is a more descriptive one, in which scholars examine the role played by individuals’ and groups’ emotional experience in conflict situations. The second perspective, which has gained increasing attention in the recent decades, is a more interventionist one, focusing on the way emotional change (or regulation) can promote conciliatory attitudes and behaviors among the conflict's involved parties. The following chapter offers for the first time an integrative model, bringing together both the descriptive and the interventionist approaches. Put differently, this model encapsulates both the role of emotional experiences in preserving and perpetuating conflicts, and the potential role of emotion regulation in contributing to conflict resolution.
Absolute Certainty and Political Ideology: A Systematic Test of Curvilinearity
Authors: Costello Thomas H , Bowes Shauna Marie
Published: September 2021

The present investigation examined curvilinear relations between left-right political ideology, on the one hand, and absolute certainty and dogmatism, on the other, across six community samples (N = 2889). Ideological extremists were more likely than others to be absolutely certain: about 1 in 3 extremists reported being absolutely (i.e., 100%) certain of the correctness of their political beliefs, whereas about 1 in 15 non-extremists reported being absolutely certain. Although absolute political certainty was relatively symmetrical across the political left and right, conservatives tended to report greater domain-general dogmatism than liberals. Extremism effects for domain-general dogmatism were also present, however, such that Socialists and extreme conservatives demonstrated similar levels of dogmatism. Taken together, these findings underscore the complexity of relations between absolute certainty, dogmatism, and ideology, ultimately challenging the sufficiency of contemporary psychological accounts of ideological a/symmetries to describe our complex political reality.