bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological Impact among COVID-19 Positive Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bharti Poonam , Agrawal Bimal Kumar , Gupta Parul , Singla Mohit , Garg LN , Mittal Amit , Bharti Aman
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak is one of the biggest medical challenges to humankind in recent times, started from China in December 2019, and had spread to almost all the countries of the world. The social, psychological and economic fissures exposed by the pandemic resulted in mass disruption in human behaviour population. This is pushing them towards more stress. Aim: To analyse the anxiety and depressive symptoms in COVID-19 positive patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 325 COVID positive patients who were admitted in isolation ward in Tertiary Care Centre and were enrolled in this study, out of which 18 subjects refused to give the consent and 5 were already taking psychiatric medications and were excluded. Telephonic contact was not established with rest of the 5 patients. After ethical clearance, the anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed by using Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). Results: Maximum patients belonged to age group of 21-40 years (54.9%). Maximum patients were males (70%). Almost 3/4th of the population 64% had depressive symptoms of different severity and 61% had anxiety symptoms. Significant association of anxiety symptoms was seen with gender (p=0.001) and marital status (p=0.002). No association with depressive symptoms was seen with gender (p=0.087) and marital status (p=0.399). Conclusion: COVID-19 had significant impact on the patients. More than half of the population had showed the psychological issues in the form of anxiety and depression. Males and married patients were affected more with both anxiety and depressive symptoms.
Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence among Inmates of Orphanages: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kaimal Ganga G
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence are the two psychological faculties that are closely related, both neurobiologically and conceptually and has significant influence in life outcome. Children living in orphanages are a group of unprivileged children with insufficient opportunities for both physical and psychological developments. Aim: To find out the intelligence, emotional intelligence and relationship between them among inmates of orphanages. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study which included 100 children living in orphanages. Personal data sheet developed by the investigator, Binet Kamat test of intelligence and Mangal Emotional Intelligence Inventory were the tools used for the study. Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s rank-order correlation was the statistical tests used. Results: The study subjects consisted of 58 girls and 42 boys. The mean score of intelligence in girls was 100.40 and the mean score of intelligence in boys was 99.12. The mean score emotional intelligence in girls was 61.45 and the mean score in boys was 59.95. No significant difference was found between girls and boys in intelligence and emotional intelligence. A positive correlation was found between intelligence and all the sub-scores and total score of emotional intelligence. Conclusion: Both nature and nurture are important in the development of psychological faculties like intelligence and emotional intelligence. There should be policies and programmes that focus on enhancing the intelligence and emotional intelligence of the underprivileged children living in child care institutions which in turn can decrease the deviant behaviours and increase the positive life outcomes.
Nephroblastoma in a Common Mudpuppy Necturus maculosus simultaneously Present with a Mollicute Bacterium of the Genus Acholeplasma
Authors: Standish Isaac , Leis Eric , Erickson Sara , Katona Ryan , Baumgartner Wes , Hanson Kevin , Ibrahim Iman , Goldberg Tony
Published: April 2021

In March 2017, a wild caught female common mudpuppy Necturus maculosus from Iowa, USA, with an enlarged posterior abdomen was submitted for diagnostic assessment. The cause of the abdominal distension was a large fluid filled abdominal mass, diagnosed as a nephroblastoma. Parasites and numerous bacteria were isolated and identified from the mudpuppy but were determined to be incidental. Samples of the neoplasm inoculated onto an American toad Anaxyrus americanus cell line (BufoTad) yielded cytopathic effect during several passages. However, standard molecular testing of the cell culture supernatant failed to identify any viruses. Next generation sequencing identified the replicating agent as a bacterium of the genus Acholeplasma. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of Acholeplasma within the nephroblastoma, including within tumor cells. This is the first report of nephroblastoma and the second report of neoplasia in this species. The results also suggest that certain bacteria of the genus Acholeplasma might be oncogenic.
Widespread Seropositivity to Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) in Four Species of Inland Sport Fishes in Wisconsin
Authors: Thiel Whitney A. , Toohey Kurth Kathy L. , Giehtbrock David , Baker Bridget B. , Finley Megan , Goldberg Tony L.
Published: April 2021

Serological assays were conducted for anti viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) antibodies in four species of fish in Wisconsin (Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, Brown Trout Salmo trutta, Northern Pike Esox lucius, and Walleye Sander vitreus) to examine spatial and temporal distributions of exposure. Sera were tested for non neutralizing anti nucleocapsid antibodies to VHSV by blocking enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results (percent inhibition [%I]) were analyzed for differences among species, across geographic distance, and among water management units. Positive fish occurred in 37 of 46 inland water bodies tested, including in water bodies far from reported outbreak events. Using highly conservative species specific thresholds (mean %I of presumptive uninfected fish + 2 SDs), 4.3% of Bluegill, 13.4% of Brown Trout, 19.3% of Northern Pike, and 18.3% of Walleye tested positive for VHSV antibodies by ELISA. Spatial patterns of seropositivity and changes in %I between sampling years were also analyzed. These analyses explore how serology might be used to understand VHSV distribution and dynamics and ultimately to inform fisheries management.
Evaluation of the EFNS/PNS diagnostic criteria in a cohort of CIDP patients
Authors: Athanasopoulos Diamantis , Motte Jeremias , Grüter Thomas , Köse Nuray , Yoon Min‐Suk , Otto Susanne , Schneider‐Gold Christiane , Gold Ralf , Fisse Anna L. , Pitarokoili Kalliopi
Published: April 2021

Objective

To evaluate the European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS)/Peripheral Nerve Society (PNS) diagnostic criteria for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) in a cohort of patients diagnosed and treated for CIDP in a tertiary university hospital.

Methods

In a monocentric retrospective study of 203 CIDP patients, diagnosed according to expert opinion, we evaluated the EFNS/PNS diagnostic criteria. Clinical course and nerve conduction studies (NCS) over 1 year from first referral were studied. Secondarily, we compared the clinical and paraclinical characteristics, including nerve ultrasound, of patients who failed with those who fulfilled the criteria in order to identify clinically relevant differences.

Results

At 1 year, 182 (89.7%) patients fulfilled the criteria (156/76.9% definite, 22/10.8% probable, and 4/2% possible). Twenty‐one (10.3%) patients did not because the electrodiagnostic criteria remained negative. These still showed signs of demyelination but did not reach the cut‐off values. They also presented typical, albeit less pronounced, multifocal nerve enlargement in ultrasonography. Mean disability at presentation and 1 year after was significantly lower. Most importantly, a relevant proportion of these patients also responded to therapy (6/21 = 28.6% vs. 82/182 = 45.3% of those fulfilling the criteria).

Interpretation

CIDP diagnosis could be established for 89.7% of patients over the course of 1 year using EFNS/PNS criteria. The remaining patients (10.3%) presented with milder disability, less accentuated demyelination, but otherwise similar characteristics and still considerable probability of treatment response. Failure to fulfill diagnostic criteria should not automatically preclude treatment. Nerve ultrasound should be considered as a complementary diagnostic tool to detect signs of inflammation in CIDP.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Monitoring Cell Differentiation from Floor Plate Progenitors to Midbrain Neurons in Real Time
Authors: Elghajiji Aya , Wang Xin , Weston Stephen D. , Zeck Guenther , Hengerer Bastian , Tosh David , Rocha Paulo R. F.
Published: April 2021

Here shows that electrical impedance spectroscopy can be used as a non‐invasive and real time tool to probe cell adhesion and differentiation from midbrain floor plate progenitors into midbrain neurons on Au electrodes coated with human laminin. The electrical data and equivalent circuit modeling are consistent with standard microscopy analysis and reveal that within the first 6 hours progenitor cells sediment and attach to the electrode within 40 hours. Between 40 and 120 hours, midbrain progenitor cells differentiate into midbrain neurons, followed by an electrochemically stable maturation phase. The ability to sense and characterize non‐invasively and in real time cell differentiation opens up unprecedented avenues for implantable therapies and differentiation strategies.
Stabilizing Pt‐Based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Fundamental Understanding and Design Strategies
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Yuan Yuliang , Gao Lei , Zeng Gangming , Li Mengfan , Huang Hongwen
Published: April 2021

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) with high efficiency and nonpollution characteristics have attracted massive attention from both academic and industrial communities due to their irreplaceable roles in building the future sustainable energy system. However, the stability issue of Pt‐based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has become a central constraint to the widespread deployment of the devices relative to the catalytic activity. This review aims to provide comprehensive insights into how to improve the stability of Pt‐based catalysts for ORR. First, the basic physical chemistry behind the catalyst degradation, including the fundamental understandings of carbon corrosion, catalyst dissolution, and particle sintering, is highlighted. After a discussion of advanced characterization techniques for the catalyst degradation, the design strategies for improving the stability of Pt‐based catalysts are summarized. Finally, further insights into the remaining challenges and future research directions are also provided.
Translating Tactics from Direct CO2 Electroreduction to Electroorganic Coupling Reactions with CO2
Authors: Medvedeva Xenia V. , Medvedev Jury J. , Klinkova Anna
Published: April 2021

Sustainable electrosynthesis technologies are rapidly developing stimulated by the drive for sustainable chemical manufacturing and the increasingly accessible renewable electricity prices. The electrochemical utilization of easily available feedstock, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), has attracted significant attention as it can additionally help closing the disrupted carbon cycle. While direct CO2 reduction has benefited from recent advancements in the catalyst, electrolyte and system design, developments in electrochemical coupling of CO2 with organic precursors to yield value‐added chemicals have been lagging behind due to the apparent disconnect between the direct CO2 reduction and the organic electrosynthesis communities. Currently, electrocarboxylation reactions require high operating voltages, show low current densities, limited selectivity towards target products and are associated with low atom economy due to the reliance on sacrificial anode dissolution. Advancing this indirect electrochemical CO2 utilization strategy will enable sustainable synthesis of valuable chemicals including non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and precursors for plasticizers and commercially‐relevant polymers—all of which are currently produced with high carbon footprint and low atom economy. This perspective discusses the current state‐of‐the‐art in electroorganic synthesis with CO2 as a one‐carbon synthon and suggests several transferrable strategies from direct CO2 reduction breakthroughs to advance electrocarboxylation and bring it closer to industrial implementation.
Effect of slurry used with soil conditioners and fertilizers on structural, non‐structural carbohydrate and lignin content
Authors: Wiśniewska – Kadżajan Beata , Jankowski Kazimierz
Published: April 2021

The aim of the studies was to determine the effect of slurry supplemented with UGmax and Humus Active soil conditioners and with NPK fertilizers on the content of structural and non‐structural carbohydrates and lignin in a forage grass species of Sulino variety [Festulolium braunii (K. Richt. A. Camus]. The 2‐yr field experiment with three replicates and a completely randomized design was established on the experimental facilities of the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Poland. Cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, total protein, crude ash, and crude fat in plant material were determined by near‐infrared reflection spectroscopy (NIRS). The amount of non‐structural carbohydrates was calculated by deducting the weight of other components from 1,000 g of dry matter. The applied fertilizer significantly affected the content of structural and non‐structural carbohydrates, but not lignin. The highest amounts of cellulose (283.0 g kg–1) and hemicelluloses (220.2 g kg–1) were recorded in plants treated with both slurry and Humus Active and UGmax, while the highest content of non‐structural carbohydrates (220.2 g kg–1) was found in Festulolium braunii treated with slurry only. Cellulose and hemicellulose content significantly varied across growing seasons, while the amounts of cellulose, lignin, and non‐structural carbohydrates varied across harvests. The interaction of slurry with soil conditioners, unlike only slurry treatment affected the formation of hemicellulose and non‐structural carbohydrates. The combined use of Humus Active and slurry increased hemicellulose content by approximately 23%, while the content of non‐structural carbohydrates decreased by about 35% in comparison to plants treated with slurry only.
Validity of the 2014 traumatic encephalopathy syndrome criteria for CTE pathology
Authors: Mez Jesse , Alosco Michael L. , Daneshvar Daniel H. , Saltiel Nicole , Baucom Zachary , Abdolmohammadi Bobak , Uretsky Madeline , Nicks Raymond , Martin Brett M. , Palmisano Joseph N. , Nowinski Christopher J. , Montenigro Philip , Solomon Todd M. , Mahar Ian , Cherry Jonathan D. , Alvarez Victor E. , Dwyer Brigid , Goldstein Lee E. , Katz Douglas I. , Cantu Robert C. , Kowall Neil W. , Tripodis Yorghos , Huber Bertrand R. , Stein Thor D. , Stern Robert A. , McKee Ann C.
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Validity of the 2014 traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) criteria, proposed to diagnose chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in life, has not been assessed.

Methods

A total of 336 consecutive brain donors exposed to repetitive head impacts from contact sports, military service, and/or physical violence were included. Blinded to clinical information, neuropathologists applied National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering CTE criteria. Blinded to neuropathological information, clinicians interviewed informants and reviewed medical records. An expert panel adjudicated TES diagnoses.

Results

A total of 309 donors were diagnosed with TES; 244 donors had CTE pathology. TES criteria demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of 0.97 and 0.21, respectively. Cognitive (odds ratio [OR] = 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–5.1), but not mood/behavior or motor symptoms, were significantly associated with CTE pathology. Having Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology was significantly associated with reduced TES accuracy (OR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.12–0.59).

Discussion

TES criteria provided good evidence to rule out, but limited evidence to rule in, CTE pathology. Requiring cognitive symptoms in revised criteria and using AD biomarkers may improve CTE pathology prediction.
Tricycloquinazoline‐Based 2D Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks as Promising Electrocatalysts for CO2Reduction
Authors: Liu Jingjuan , Yang Dan , Zhou Yi , Zhang Guang , Xing Guolong , Liu Yunpeng , Ma Yanhang , Terasaki Osamu , Yang Shubin , Chen Long
Published: April 2021

2D conductive metal–organic frameworks (2D c‐MOFs) are promising candidates for efficient electrocatalysts for the CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR). A nitrogen‐rich tricycloquinazoline (TQ) based multitopic catechol ligand was used to coordinate with transition‐metal ions (Cu2+and Ni2+), which formed 2D graphene‐like porous sheets: M3(HHTQ)2(M=Cu, Ni; HHTQ=2,3,7,8,12,13‐Hexahydroxytricycloquinazoline). M3(HHTQ)2can be regarded as a single‐atom catalyst where Cu or Ni centers are uniformly distributed in the hexagonal lattices. Cu3(HHTQ)2exhibited superior catalytic activity towards CO2RR in which CH3OH is the sole product. The Faradic efficiency of CH3OH reached up to 53.6 % at a small over‐potential of −0.4 V. Cu3(HHTQ)2exhibited larger CO2adsorption energies and higher activities over the isostructural Ni3(HHTQ)2and the reported archetypical Cu3(HHTP)2. There is a strong dependence of both metal centers and the N‐rich ligands on the electrocatalytic performance.
Lockdown Learnings: No Longer the Mirrored Room
Authors: Burgess‐Manning Julie
Published: April 2021

During the COVID‐19 lockdown in Aotearoa/New Zealand, a discussion panel was convened comprising of family therapy students and experienced family therapists to investigate the effects of the use of online digital mediums for family therapy. This article discusses the learnings from that panel. It seems that the use of a screen can change the power dynamic between therapist and client family, perhaps levelling the field slightly and resulting in implications for the therapeutic relationship. Suggestions for practice are given and the situation is likened to that of the ‘mirrored room’ proposed by Hare‐Mustin (1994).
Improved separation performance of polyamide based reverse osmosis membrane incorporated with poly(dopamine) coated carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Na , Yan Tingting , Li Chunhui , Deng Huining , Li Zhenhua , Yu Ru , Wang Tiejun , Xu Shicai , Li Qiang , Wang Jihua
Published: April 2021

A series of polyamide thin‐film nanocomposite (PA TFN) membranes have been fabricated by incorporating hydrophilic poly(dopamine) (PDA) coated carbon nanotubes (CNTs@PDA) into the PA selective layer via interfacial polymerization. The effects of PDA coating thickness on surface characteristics and separation performances of membranes are studied in detail. The PDA coating makes the surface of PA TFN membrane more hydrophilic, smoother and less electronegative. The desalination performance is obviously influenced by the coating thickness of PDA and the loading concentration of PDA@CNTs. The water fluxes of PDA@CNTs incorporated PA TFN membranes have been improved without sacrificing NaCl rejections. When the loading concentration is 0.0010%, the maximum water flux is 48.1 L m−2 h increasing by 45% compared with that of pristine PA membrane. Meanwhile, the NaCl rejection is up to 99.8%. The CNTs@PDA incorporated PA TFN membranes exhibit better anti‐fouling property and separation performance durability. This work proves that CNTs@PDA has great potential application in PA TFN membranes.
Acupuncture, from the ancient to the current
Authors: Zhu Jiajie , Li Jicheng , Yang Liangjun , Liu Shan
Published: April 2021

Acupuncture is characterized by the insertion of a fine metal needle through the skin of the human body at an acupuncture point (acupoint) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). It is an ancient form of therapy, and has a long history of prosperity and decline. Due to the persistent efforts of TCM practitioners, a number of well‐designed clinical trials regarding acupuncture have been published in the past decade. Besides, numerous basic researches aiming to reveal the mechanisms of acupuncture have also been conducted. Several scientific explanations have been obtained to interpret the arcane TCM theory. This review provides brief information of acupuncture, including its history, status, evidence, and mechanisms.
Active disturbance rejection adaptive control for uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown time‐varying dead‐zone input
Authors: He Kanghui , Dong Chaoyang , Wang Qing
Published: April 2021

This paper rigorously investigates the problem of active disturbance rejection control for nonlinear systems subject to uncertainties and dead‐zone input. One of the features of the considered systems is that the dead‐zone parameters are allowed to be time varying and asymmetrical. The main idea of this paper is to utilize an extended state observer (ESO) to estimate all the external disturbance, the uncertain nonlinearity, the unknown dead‐zone model, and the unmeasurable states. A switched dynamic parameter estimation law is established to separate the dead‐zone model from the total uncertainty and estimate the parameters of dead‐zone online. Based on the proposed estimation law and the ESO, an output feedback linearization control law is designed to cancel the total disturbance and compensate the dead zone. The theoretical analysis of stability shows that the closed‐loop system has multi‐time scale convergence properties. Finally, simulation results are provided to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Understanding higher education access: Inequalities and early learning in low and lower‐middle‐income countries
Authors: Ilie Sonia , Rose Pauline , Vignoles Anna
Published: April 2021

Globally, access to higher education has increased, but inequalities by socio‐economic background remain. This article explores the relationship between early schooling opportunities (and learning) and progression into higher education in four low and middle‐income countries. We analyse data from the Young Lives longitudinal study, following cohorts of young people from age 5 to 22 in four country settings: Ethiopia, Peru, Vietnam and India. We reveal wide variability in higher education participation between the four countries, with a common pattern of a very strong association between early learning and later higher education participation, even after allowing for a range of demographic characteristics. Whilst early learning is important in predicting later higher education participation, we also find that significant barriers to higher education participation remain for low socio‐economic status groups, even if they initially show good levels of learning. We track the trajectories of children who have initial good levels of learning, and hence arguably the potential to progress to higher education, and assess the extent to which socio‐economic background plays a mediating role in these trajectories. Pupils with initially good levels of learning at primary school age, but who are from poor backgrounds, fall back in terms of their relative attainment during secondary schooling years. This implies that socio‐economic status continues to be a barrier to educational attainment throughout these children’s lives. We discuss the implications of these findings for policy initiatives aimed at narrowing inequalities in higher education access in poorer countries.
Bauvorhaben Cityringen Abzweig Sydhavnen
Authors: Nell Wilhelm , Steinfeld Marc
Published: April 2021

Das Gesamtprojekt Cityringen bedeutet für die Stadt Kopenhagen einen immensen Fortschritt im Ausbau des öffentlichen Verkehrs. Die Abzweigung nach Sydhavnen ist dabei ein wichtiger Bestandteil des U‐Bahn‐Konzepts. Mit dieser Erweiterung wird der südliche Bezirk mit dem bestehenden U‐Bahn‐System von Kopenhagen verbunden und wird dadurch auch ein Schlüsselelement für die weitere städtebauliche Entwicklung.

Der Tunnel für den Abzweig Sydhavnen besteht aus zwei ca. 4 500 m langen Röhren mit einem Innendurchmesser von jeweils 4,90 m, mit einem Querschlag. Zusätzlich sind fünf Bahnhöfe und zwei Schächte entstanden. Aufgefahren wurde die Strecke mit zwei EPB TBM. Für die Herstellung der Tübbings im System 5+1 mit 30 cm Dicke wurde bereits in der Planung die Verwendung von Stahlfasern (Anteil der Stahlfaser‐Tübbings ca. 85 %) als Bewehrung vorgesehen. Die Bemessung für den Stahlfaserbeton erfolgte nach DBV‐Merkblatt.
Empirischer Ansatz zur Bestimmung der Nachrissbiegezugfestigkeit
Authors: Oettel Vincent , Schulz Markus , Lanwer Jan‐Paul
Published: April 2021

Bei der Bemessung von Stahlfaserbeton legt der Planer auf Grundlage der DAfStb‐Richtlinie „Stahlfaserbeton” die Leistungsklassen des Stahlfaserbetons (Nachrissbiegezugfestigkeit L1 und L2) als grundlegende Eigenschaften fest. In der Praxis stellt es sich oft als schwierig heraus, den Zusammenhang zwischen Leistungsklassen und erforderlichem Stahlfasergehalt in Abhängigkeit von der Stahlfaserart und der Betongüte herzustellen. Um sowohl für die Hersteller als auch für Planende und Überwachende eine Abschätzung der voraussichtlich notwendigen Stahlfasergehalte zu ermöglichen, existieren verschiedene empirische Ansätze zur näherungsweisen Bestimmung der Nachrissbiegezugfestigkeit von Stahlfaserbeton. Deren Herleitung erfolgte jedoch auf Basis unterschiedlicher Versuche und fast ausschließlich auf Grundlage von wenigen bzw. „eigenen” Versuchsergebnissen der jeweiligen Forschungsstellen, weshalb nur eine beschränkte Gültigkeit des jeweils vorgeschlagenen Näherungsansatzes vorliegt. Mithilfe der Biegebalken‐Datenbank „Stahlfaserbeton” wurden diese Ansätze systematisch analysiert und auf Basis dessen ein verbesserter Ansatz zur Bestimmung der Nachrissbiegezugfestigkeit von Stahlfaserbeton entwickelt, worüber im Beitrag berichtet wird.
Neubau eines Logistikzentrums in Flieden
Authors: Geyer Erik , Arndt Thomas , Mehling Uwe
Published: April 2021

Betonböden in Produktionshallen, Hochregallagern oder Logistikzentren unterliegen neben statischen Punktlasten dynamischen Beanspruchungen durch z. B. Transportfahrzeuge. Immer öfter wird beim Bau solcher Objekte Stahlfaserbeton verwendet, welcher bereits heute einen Marktanteil von ca. 60 % im Industriebodenbau einnimmt [1]. Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, ein aktuelles Bauprojekt vorzustellen, bei welchem Stahlfaserbeton erfolgreich zur Anwendung kam. Zu Beginn des Berichts wird das Bauvorhaben vorgestellt. Anschließend gehen die Autoren auf die umfangreichen Voruntersuchungen ein, die das Ziel verfolgten, Sieblinie und Stahlfasern optimal aufeinander abzustimmen, um die geforderten Leistungsklassen zielsicher zu erreichen. Darüber hinaus wird über die Qualitätskontrolle bzw. den Prüfaufwand am Transportbetonwerk und auf der Baustelle berichtet.
Fasermengen und Leistungsklassen
Authors: Look Katharina , Landler Josef , Mark Peter , Fischer Oliver
Published: April 2021

Wie sind Leistungsklassen mit Fasermengen und Faserarten verknüpft? Dieser Frage widmet sich der Beitrag anhand von Datenbanken. Ziel ist es, Hilfen für die Tragwerksplanung und die Kalkulation zu liefern, um Faserzugaben – also ein Mehr an Material und Kosten – Einsparungen an Stabbewehrung und Erleichterungen bei der Bewehrungsmontage gegenüberstellen zu können. Im Unterausschuss „Stahlfaserbeton” des Deutschen Ausschuss für Stahlbeton (DAfStb) wurde dazu eine umfassende Datenbank zu Biegebalkenprüfungen erstellt, die mit ca. 1100 Versuchsserien den für die heutige Baupraxis relevanten Bereich üblicher Stahlfaserbetone abdeckt. Die Erkenntnisse der Datenbank sind Bestandteil mehrerer Beiträge dieses Sonderheftes. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Datenbank in ihren Grundzügen vor, behandelt ihre Auswertung hinsichtlich praxistypischer Stahlfaserbetonrezepturen, der Streuungen im Zugtragverhalten sowie den häufig diskutierten Zusammenhang zwischen Fasergehalt und Materialkennwerten des Stahlfaserbetons. Hierfür werden die Versuchsdaten anhand der kennzeichnenden Parameter Betondruckfestigkeit, Faserschlankheit, ‐zugfestigkeit und ‐gehalt in einzelnen Kategorien zusammengefasst. Für jede der Kategorien werden obere (95 %‐Quantil) und untere Grenzwerte (5 %‐Quantil) sowie die im Mittel erreichten Biegezugfestigkeiten bestimmt. Die aus den Werten ermittelten Bandbreiten können Planende (Leistungsklasse) sowie Kalkulatoren (Fasergehalt) zukünftig als Orientierungswerte nutzen.
Trennrissvermeidung bei wasserundurchlässigen Konstruktionen am Beispiel des Systems orange wanne®
Authors: Nehls Norbert
Published: April 2021

Wasserundurchlässige Konstruktionen aus Beton erfordern ein enges Zusammenwirken aller an der Planung und der Ausführung Beteiligten. Ein wesentlicher Aspekt bei der Erreichung der Wasserundurchlässigkeit ist – neben der Berücksichtigung der Anforderungen aus der künftigen Nutzung, der Einhaltung der Anforderungen an den Beton und an die Konstruktion – die Begrenzung oder Vermeidung von Trennrissen. Insbesondere die letztgenannte Zielstellung und der damit verbundene Entwurfsgrundsatz setzen die koordinierte Festlegung und konsequente Umsetzung von konstruktiven, betontechnologischen und ausführungsseitigen Maßnahmen voraus. Die WU‐Richtlinie des DAfStb verweist auf die Möglichkeit der Rissbreitenbegrenzung durch die Kombination von Stabstahl‐ und Stahlfaserbewehrung. Der Beitrag stellt die Umsetzung des Entwurfsgrundsatzes Vermeidung von Trennrissen mittels des Systems orange wanne® an einem im Jahr 2019 realisierten Bauvorhaben vor. Es werden die Anforderungen an den Stahlfaserbeton und betontechnologische Hinweise für den Einsatz des Baustoffs erläutert. Ausführungstechnische Prozesse werden in ihrem Zusammenwirken geschildert.
Verwendung von stahlfaserverstärktem Stahlbeton bei Bodenplatten für automatisierte Hochregallager
Authors: Schulz Markus , Oettel Vincent
Published: April 2021

Bei automatisierten Hochregallagern werden sehr strenge Anforderungen an die Verformung der Bodenplatte gestellt, die zu weitgehend fugenlosen Konstruktionen führen. Stahlfasern können hier auf Grundlage der DAfStb‐Richtlinie „Stahlfaserbeton” für den Nachweis der notwendigen Rissbreitenbegrenzung angerechnet werden. Weiterhin ergeben sich in der Regel sehr hohe Lasten durch die Regalstützen auf der Bodenplatte und bei Bauvorhaben in Silobauweise müssen zudem Lasten aus der Dachkonstruktion berücksichtigt werden. Die Anrechnung der Stahlfaserwirkung beim Durchstanznachweis kann hilfreich sein, um die Plattendicke zu reduzieren, soweit dies die Verformungsanforderungen zulassen, oder auf aufwendige Durchstanzbewehrung zu verzichten. Anhand eines Praxisbeispiels wird verdeutlicht, dass eine Kombination von Stahlfasern und herkömmlicher Betonstahlbewehrung wirtschaftlich sein kann und auf welche Details im Sinne der Ausführung geachtet werden muss.
Bemessung von Stahlfaserbeton und stahlfaserbewehrtem Stahlbeton
Authors: Heek Peter , Look Katharina , Oettel Vincent , Mark Peter
Published: April 2021

Die Bemessung von Stahlfaserbeton mit und ohne zusätzliche Betonstahlbewehrung ist in Deutschland durch die bauaufsichtlich eingeführte Richtlinie „Stahlfaserbeton” des Deutschen Ausschuss für Stahlbeton (DAfStb) verbindlich geregelt. Gemäß der Richtlinie wird die rissüberbrückende Wirkung der Stahlfasern auf experimenteller Basis mittels standardisierter 4‐Punkt‐Biegezugversuche ermittelt, als Nachrissbiegezugfestigkeit idealisiert und in Form von Leistungsklassen quantifiziert bzw. klassifiziert. Zur Bemessung in den Grenzzuständen der Tragfähigkeit und Gebrauchstauglichkeit dienen Spannungs‐Dehnungs‐Beziehungen des Stahlfaserbetons für die gezogenen Querschnittsbereiche, welche die bekannten, für Stahlbeton bestehenden Widerstandsgleichungen additiv um die Stahlfaserwirkung erweitern. Der Beitrag erläutert die Ermittlung von Rechen‐ und Bemessungswerten zentrischer Nachrisszugfestigkeiten anhand von Nachrissbiegezugfestigkeiten und stellt die zugehörigen Spannungs‐Dehnungs‐Beziehungen dar. Hierauf aufbauend wird die Bemessung in den Grenzzuständen der Tragfähigkeit und Gebrauchstauglichkeit beschrieben. Insgesamt wird eine kompakte Übersicht über das Funktionsprinzip und die Bemessung von Stahlfaserbeton gegeben.
Vergleich von 3‐Punkt‐ und 4‐Punkt‐Biegezugversuchen zur Bestimmung der Nachrissbiegezugfestigkeit
Authors: Weber Fabian , Anders Steffen
Published: April 2021

In der DAfStb Richtlinie „Stahlfaserbeton” ist zur Bestimmung der Leistungsfähigkeit im gerissenen Zustand ein 4‐Punkt‐Biegezugversuch an ungekerbten Balken festgelegt. Mit der Einführung des neuen Eurocode 2 wird Stahlfaserbeton in die europäische Normung aufgenommen, die jedoch einen 3‐Punkt‐Biegezugversuch am gekerbten Balken vorsehen wird. In diesem Beitrag werden Unterschiede diskutiert, die sich aus Aufbau und Durchführung der Versuche ergeben sowie in vergleichenden Serien ermittelten Nachrissbiegezugfestigkeiten quantitativ gegenübergestellt. Es zeigt sich, dass die in 3‐Punkt‐Versuchen ermittelten Biegezugfestigkeiten geringer, die Nachrissbiegezugfestigkeiten im Vergleich zum 4‐Punkt‐Versuch jedoch größer sind. Das Auftreten einer Mehrfachrissbildung ist in 3‐Punkt‐Biegezugversuchen nur bei hochfesten Fasern und hohen Fasergehalten zu erwarten, während es im 4‐Punkt‐Biegezugversuch bereits bei üblichen Fasern und Fasergehalten auftreten kann. Die lokale Rissbetrachtung des 3‐Punkt‐Versuchs ergibt im Vergleich zur verschmierten Betrachtung des 4‐Punkt‐Versuchs bei marktüblichen Stahlfaserbetonen ca. 2 % bis 7 % höhere Nachrissbiegezugfestigkeiten. Zur Umrechnung wird eine Reduzierung der in 3‐Punkt‐Versuchen gemessenen Werte von 10 % bis 35 % vorgeschlagen. Für einzelne Faserarten erscheint die spezifische Bestimmung eines Umrechnungsfaktors sinnvoll. Für Fasern mit hoher Zugfestigkeit oder besonderen Geometrien werden eigene Betrachtungen vorgeschlagen.
Two leading international congresses in Iran in the era of COVID‐19: 21st royan international twin congress, 4th international and 16th Iranian genetics congress
Authors: Montazeri Leila , Mohajeri Maryam , Baharvand Hossein , Fathi Rouhollah , Poli Valeria , Kazemi Sara , Pahlavan Fattaneh , Kouhestani Solmaz , Ahmadi Firoozeh , Mowla Seyed Javad
Published: April 2021

In this report, we look at the challenges posed by the outbreak of COVID‐19 and how the Executive Board of these two congresses succeeded in overcoming those challenges and holding two congresses. The approach for a large festival with different virtual setting components provided a suitable solution that led to exemplary achievements and created an appropriate model for future virtual or combined virtual and face‐to‐face events. These events proved that pandemic problems could not limit the organizers, pushing them to make better use of the facilities and turning this threat into an opportunity.
Targeting stanniocalcin‐1‐expressing tumor cells elicits efficient antitumor effects in a mouse model of human lung cancer
Authors: Abe Kotaro , Kanehira Masahiko , Ohkouchi Shinya , Kumata Sakiko , Suzuki Yamato , Oishi Hisashi , Noda Masafumi , Sakurada Akira , Miyauchi Eisaku , Fujiwara Tohru , Harigae Hideo , Okada Yoshinori
Published: April 2021

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer‐related death in developed countries; therefore, the generation of effective targeted therapeutic regimens is essential. Recently, gene therapy approaches toward malignant cells have emerged as attractive molecular therapeutics. Previous studies have indicated that stanniocalcin‐1 (STC‐1), a hormone involved in calcium and phosphate homeostasis, positively regulates proliferation, apoptosis resistance, and glucose metabolism in lung cancer cell lines. In this study, we investigated if targeting STC‐1 in tumor cells could be a promising strategy for lung cancer gene therapy. We confirmed that STC‐1 levels in peripheral blood were higher in lung cancer patients than in healthy donors and that STC‐1 expression was observed in five out of eight lung cancer cell lines. A vector expressing a suicide gene, uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT), under the control of the STC‐1 promoter, was constructed (pPSTC‐1‐UPRT) and transfected into three STC‐1‐positive cell lines, PC‐9, A549, and H1299. When stably transfected, we observed significant cell growth inhibition using 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) treatment. Furthermore, growth of the STC‐1‐negative lung cancer cell line, LK‐2 was significantly arrested when combined with STC‐1‐positive cells transfected with pPSTC‐1‐UPRT.

We believe that conferring cytotoxicity in STC‐1‐positive lung cancer cells using a suicide gene may be a useful therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
Effect of body mass index on pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel in patients with early breast cancer
Authors: Gota Vikram , Nookala Manjunath , Bonda Avinash , Karanam Ashwin , Shriyan Bharati , Kembhavi Yogesh , Gurjar Murari , Patil Anand , Singh Ashish , Goyal Navin , Gupta Sudeep
Published: April 2021

Background

Paclitaxel is dosed according to body surface area (BSA) but there is scant information on actual drug exposure in overweight and obese patients.

Methods

Early breast cancer patients receiving paclitaxel at 175 mg/m2 every 3 weeks, in two BMI groups (normal, 18–24.9 kg/m2 and overweight/obese, ≥25 kg/m2, respectively), matched for age, serum albumin and bilirubin levels using minimization technique, were included. Sparse pharmacokinetic (PK) sampling was performed at 7 time points from 0 h until 24 h of starting paclitaxel in cycle 1. Paclitaxel concentration was measured using a validated LCMS/MS method. Covariate effect on paclitaxel PK was evaluated by population PK analysis using NONMEM software.

Results

Eighteen female patients each were enrolled in normal and overweight groups with mean BMI of 21.62 ± 2.06 and 28.16 ± 2.31 kg/m2, mean BSA of 1.44 ± 0.11 and 1.69 ± 0.14 m2 and mean paclitaxel dose of 250 ± 18 and 293 ± 21 mg, respectively. Model predicted AUC and dose normalized AUC (mean ±SD) in the normal BMI versus overweight obese groups were 23 ± 11.0 µmol*h/L versus 25.7 ± 13.7 µmol*h/L (two‐sample t‐test p > 0.05) and 0.08 ± 0.04 (µmol*h/L)/ µmol versus 0.08 ± 0.04 (µmol*h/L)/ µmol (2‐sample t‐test p > 0.05), respectively. No significant correlation was observed between BMI and standardized dose normalized AUC (Pearson's correlation coefficient, −0.009; p > 0.05).

Conclusion

When dosed according to BSA calculated using actual body weight there is no significant difference in paclitaxel exposure between normal and overweight women. Using alternative descriptors of weight to calculate BSA could lead to under‐dosing of this drug.

Trial registration

This study is registered in the Clinical Trials Registry of India CTRI/2015/09/006193.
Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of Advanced Platelet‐Rich Fibrin in the Management of Gingival Recession Defects: Case Series
Authors: Chekurthi Swapna , Tadepalli Anupama , Parthasarathy Harinath , Ponnaiyan Deepa , Ramachandran Laksmi , Karthikeyan Janani
Published: April 2021

Introduction

The purpose of this case series is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of advanced platelet‐rich fibrin (A‐PRF) in combination with coronally advanced flap (CAF) in the management of gingival recession defects and its first of its kind.

Case series

Fourteen systemically healthy patients presenting with 35 RT1 recession defects were treated with A‐PRF + CAF. Recession height (RH), recession width (RW), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), keratinized tissue height (KTH), and width of attached gingiva (WAG) were measured at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Gingival thickness (GTH) and phenotype were evaluated at baseline and 6 months postsurgery. Mean root coverage percentage (MRC%) was estimated at 3 and 6 months. At the end of 6 months, esthetics was measured on the scale of visual analogue scale (VAS) and recession esthetic scale (RES). Statistically significant reduction in mean RH was observed from baseline (2.49 ± 0.65 mm) to 6 months (0.66 ± 0.80 mm). At 6 months, the MRC% attained was 75.94 ± 26.72. Complete root coverage was achieved in 18 sites. At 6 months, there was a significant gain in GTH, CAL, WAG, and KTH (p ≤ 0.001). The mean RES and VAS esthetic scores were 8.54 ± 1.57 and 8.83 ± 1.17, respectively.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of this study, A‐PRF may be suggested as a viable treatment option for the management of recession in maxillary anteriors and premolars.
Using ACT with children and adolescents: Considerations and cautions
Authors: Walters Anne S.
Published: April 2021

Recently a colleague was telling me about a group game they had played with children in a partial hospital setting. It involved a values auction where group members could buy different values written on the board with monopoly money. At the end of the auction the children discussed the values they had purchased and the reasons why. I was surprised that the 9‐ to 12‐year‐olds were as invested in the game as they were. My colleague noted that the skill of the week was “living your best life” and that groups that week had focused on values and value clarification.
Structural Insights into the Molecular Recognition Mechanism of the Cancer and Pathogenic Epitope, LacdiNAc by Immune‐Related Lectins
Authors: Lima Carlos D. L. , Coelho Helena , Gimeno Ana , Trovão Filipa , Diniz Ana , Dias Jorge S. , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Corzana Francisco , Carvalho Ana Luísa , Cabrita Eurico J. , Marcelo Filipa
Published: April 2021

Interactions of glycan‐specific epitopes to human lectin receptors represent novel immune checkpoints for investigating cancer and infection diseases. By employing a multidisciplinary approach that combines isothermal titration calorimetry, NMR spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and X‐ray crystallography, we investigated the molecular determinants that govern the recognition of the tumour and pathogenic glycobiomarker LacdiNAc (GalNAcβ1‐4GlcNAc, LDN), including their comparison with the ubiquitous LacNAc epitope (Galβ1‐4GlcNAc, LN), by two human immune‐related lectins, galectin‐3 (hGal‐3) and the macrophage galactose C‐type lectin (hMGL). A different mechanism of binding and interactions was observed for the hGal‐3/LDN and hMGL/LDN complexes, which explains the remarkable difference in the binding specificity of LDN and LN by these two lectins. The new structural clues reported herein are fundamental for the chemical design of mimetics targeting hGal‐3/hMGL recognition process.
Metal‐Free Visible‐Light Synthesis of Arylsulfonyl Fluorides: Scope and Mechanism
Authors: Louvel Dan , Chelagha Aida , Rouillon Jean , Payard Pierre‐Adrien , Khrouz Lhoussain , Monnereau Cyrille , Tlili Anis
Published: April 2021

The first metal‐free procedure for the synthesis of arylsulfonyl fluorides is reported. Under organo‐photoredox conditions, aryl diazonium salts react with a readily available SO2 source (DABSO) to afford the desired product through simple nucleophilic fluorination. The reaction tolerates the presence of both electron‐rich and ‐poor aryls and demonstrated a broad functional group tolerance. To shed the light on the reaction mechanism, several experimental techniques were combined, including fluorescence, NMR, and EPR spectroscopy as well as DFT calculations.
Regenerable Sorbents for High‐Temperature Desulfurization of Syngas from Biomass Gasification
Authors: Ma Jianyu , Mahmoodinia Mehdi , Rout Kumar R. , Blekkan Edd A.
Published: April 2021

Single‐metal high‐temperature solid sorbents for syngas cleaning using Mn, Ca, Fe, Cu, or Mo supported on γ‐Al2O3 were synthesized, characterized, and tested in a fixed‐bed reactor. H2S and SO2 concentrations in the gas after treatment at T = 400 to 700 °C were compared with thermodynamic calculations. The Mn‐based sorbent showed the best ability to achieve a low sulfur residual in the gas, especially at temperatures above 600 °C. Sorbents with Fe, Cu, and Mo gave SO2 formation in the initial phase, but this could be avoided by a pre‐reduction treatment of the sorbent material.
Reassessing the Physicochemical Properties of Ordered Mesoporous Polymer and Copolymer Nanocasts
Authors: Bilodeau Simon , Florek Justyna , Kleitz Freddy
Published: April 2021

Nanocasting is a convenient way for preparing highly porous, nanostructured soft materials. Mesoporous polymer nanocasts have been reported for over a decade, however, several aspects remain to be explored further. To do so, we report a comprehensive investigation of the physicochemical characteristics of high surface area functional organic polymers and copolymers obtained by nanocasting. Divinylbenzene, styrene and chloromethyl styrene were selectively polymerized within the pores of mesoporous SBA‐15 or KIT‐6 silicas. Following template removal, the resulting materials were characterized. The nanocast mesoporous polymers were also modified to introduce functional groups. The success of the functionalization was assessed analytically and by model catalytic tests. The study points to the advantages of the hard templating method for structuring organic materials but also its limitations.
Characterizing participants in the North Carolina Breast and Cervical Cancer Control Program: A retrospective review of 90,000 women
Authors: Tait Sarah D. , Ren Yi , Horton Cushanta C. , Oshima Sachiko M. , Thomas Samantha M. , Wright Sherry , Caesar Awanya , Plichta Jennifer K. , Hwang E. Shelley , Greenup Rachel A. , Rosenberger Laura H. , DiLalla Gayle D. , Menendez Carolyn S. , Tolnitch Lisa , Hyslop Terry , Nelson Debi , Fayanju Oluwadamilola M.
Published: April 2021

Background

The North Carolina Breast and Cervical Cancer Control Program (NC BCCCP) provides breast cancer screening services to underserved women to mitigate disparities in access to care. The authors sought to characterize this understudied population.

Methods

Women 21 years old or older who underwent their first breast cancer screen through NC BCCCP from 2008 to 2018 were included. Demographic factors associated with the timeline of care and odds of a breast cancer diagnosis were identified with negative binomial and logistic regression, respectively.

Results

Of the 88,893 women identified, 45.5% were non‐Hispanic (NH) White, 30.9% were NH Black, 19.6% were Hispanic, 1.7% were American Indian, and 1.1% were Asian. Breast cancer was diagnosed in 2.5% of the women (n = 2255). Hispanic women were the least likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer (odds ratio vs NH White women, 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34‐0.47). Among patients with breast pathology, the median time to diagnosis was 19 days (interquartile range [IQR], 10‐33 days), and the time to treatment was 33 days (IQR, 19‐54 days). After adjustments, a longer time to diagnosis was significantly associated with age (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.02) and being NH Black (vs NH White; IRR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.06‐1.29). A longer time to treatment was significantly associated with age (IRR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.01), being NH Black (vs NH White; IRR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.10‐1.31), and being Hispanic (vs NH White; IRR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.05‐1.41).

Conclusions

NC BCCCP participants with breast cancer received treatment within approximately 1 month of presentation, and this finding aligns with quality care benchmarks. Nevertheless, racial/ethnic disparities in timeliness of care persist, and this suggests opportunities for improvement.

Lay Summary

This review of approximately 90,000 participants in a breast cancer screening program for uninsured and underinsured women highlights the importance of safety net programs in providing timely care to underserved patients.

The authors found that the North Carolina Breast and Cervical Cancer Control Program met timeliness benchmarks from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention across all racial/ethnic groups. However, non‐Hispanic Black women experienced relative delays in the time to diagnosis, and both non‐Hispanic Black women and Hispanic women experienced relative delays in the time to treatment.

These findings demonstrate how racial/ethnic disparities in the timeliness of care can persist even within a program intended to reduce barriers to access.