bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parent-directed intervention versus controls whilst their child waits for diagnostic assessment: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Bernie C. , Mitchell M. , Williams K. , May T.
Published: March 2021

Background

Waiting lists are an ongoing issue for publicly funded community and hospital-based health services. Parents and caregivers are instrumental supports in the health and well-being of young and school-aged children, yet little is known about the way they can be supported during waiting periods. Given mounting evidence about the value of early intervention in physical and mental health literature, and waits for some public health services extending past 12 months, it is both timely and warranted to explore interim interventions that may be applied in this period.

Methods

Intervention studies that have applied an educational programme, information, group-based support or individualised therapy to primary caregivers of children (heron referred to as parent-directed interventions), waiting for diagnostic assessment at any inpatient or outpatient health service and aged between 1 and 12 years of age, will be reviewed. These will include intervention studies of any type that have included more than 5 participants or participant groups and where a control or comparison group has been included. Abstract screening, full-text review, data extraction and risk of bias will be conducted by two reviewers. Relevant databases in health and education will be systematically searched using key words and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and grey literature will be explored. Databases will include PubMed, Ovid for MEDLINE and PsycINFO, EBSCO for the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC). Covidence© will be used to support abstract and full text screening, which will be completed by two main reviewers. Results will be tabulated, summarised and meta-analysed using a random-effects model, in any instance where concordant outcome measures have been applied. Results will be published and reported in line with PRISMA reporting guidelines.

Discussion

Given little is known about effective support for families when children are awaiting diagnostic assessment for any medical, developmental or behavioural condition, the authors will synthesise existing evidence about parent-directed interventions in this period. It is hoped that by understanding the existing evidence interventions that are proven to be effective will be adopted and intervention innovation can occur.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020159360
Evaluating level of adherence to nicotine replacement therapy and its impact on smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mersha Amanual Getnet , Eftekhari Parivash , Bovill Michelle , Tollosa Daniel Nigusse , Gould Gillian Sandra
Published: March 2021

Background

Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) has proven effect in assisting smoking cessation. However, its effectiveness varies across studies and population groups. This may be due to differences in the rate of adherence. Hence, this review aims to examine the level of adherence to NRT and to assess if the level of adherence to NRT affects success of smoking cessation.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using studies retrieved from five electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of science, and PsycINFO) and grey literature. Pooled analysis was conducted using Stata version 16 software. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool. Analyses were done among those studies that used similar measurements to assess level of adherence and successful smoking cessation. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using the Higgins’ I2 statistical test. Funnel plots and Egger’s regression asymmetry test were used to affirm presence of significant publication bias.

Results

A total of 7521 adult participants of 18 years old and above from 16 studies were included in the analysis. Level of adherence to NRT among participants of randomised controlled trials were found to be 61% (95% CI, 54–68%), p-value of < 0.001 and I2 = 85.5%. Whereas 26% of participants were adherent among participants of population-based studies with 95% CI, 20–32%, p-value of < 0.001 and I2 = 94.5%. Level of adherence was the lowest among pregnant women (22%) with 95% CI, 18–25%, p-value of 0.31 and I2 = 15.8%. Being adherent to NRT doubles the rate of successful quitting (OR = 2.17, 95% CI, 1.34–3.51), p-value of < 0.001 and I2 = 77.6%.

Conclusions

This review highlights a low level of adherence to NRT among participants of population-based studies and pregnant women as compared to clinical trials. Moreover, the review illustrated a strong association between adherence and successful smoking cessation. Hence, it is recommended to implement and assess large scale interventions to improve adherence. Health programs and policies are recommended to integrate the issue of adherence to NRT as a core component of smoking cessation interventions.

Trial registration

PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020176749. Registered on 28 April 2020.
Six months in: pandemic crime trends in England and Wales
Authors: Langton Samuel , Dixon Anthony , Farrell Graham
Published: March 2021

Governments around the world have enforced strict guidelines on social interaction and mobility to control the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Evidence has begun to emerge which suggests that such dramatic changes in people’s routine activities have yielded similarly dramatic changes in criminal behavior. This study represents the first ‘look back’ on six months of the nationwide lockdown in England and Wales. Using open police-recorded crime trends, we provide a comparison between expected and observed crime rates for fourteen different offence categories between March and August, 2020. We find that most crime types experienced sharp, short-term declines during the first full month of lockdown. This was followed by a gradual resurgence as restrictions were relaxed. Major exceptions include anti-social behavior and drug crimes. Findings shed light on the opportunity structures for crime and the nuances of using police records to study crime during the pandemic.
“A debriefer must be neutral” and other debriefing myths: a systemic inquiry-based qualitative study of taken-for-granted beliefs about clinical post-event debriefing
Authors: Seelandt Julia Carolin , Walker Katie , Kolbe Michaela
Published: March 2021

Background

The goal of this study was to identify taken-for-granted beliefs and assumptions about use, costs, and facilitation of post-event debriefing. These myths prevent the ubiquitous uptake of post-event debriefing in clinical units, and therefore the identification of process, teamwork, and latent safety threats that lead to medical error. By naming these false barriers and assumptions, the authors believe that clinical event debriefing can be implemented more broadly.

Methods

We interviewed an international sample of 37 clinicians, educators, scholars, researchers, and healthcare administrators from hospitals, universities, and healthcare organizations in Western Europe and the USA, who had a broad range of debriefing experience. We adopted a systemic-constructivist approach that aimed at exploring in-depth assumptions about debriefing beyond obvious constraints such as time and logistics and focused on interpersonal relationships within organizations. Using circular questions, we intended to uncover new and tacit knowledge about barriers and facilitators of regular clinical debriefings. All interviews were transcribed and analyzed following a comprehensive process of inductive open coding.

Results

In total, 1508.62 min of interviews (25 h, 9 min, and 2 s) were analyzed, and 1591 answers were categorized. Many implicit debriefing theories reflected current scientific evidence, particularly with respect to debriefing value and topics, the complexity and difficulty of facilitation, the importance of structuring the debriefing and engaging in reflective practice to advance debriefing skills. We also identified four debriefing myths which may prevent post-event debriefing from being implemented in clinical units.

Conclusion

The debriefing myths include (1) debriefing only when disaster strikes, (2) debriefing is a luxury, (3) senior clinicians should determine debriefing content, and (4) debriefers must be neutral and nonjudgmental. These myths offer valuable insights into why current debriefing practices are ad hoc and not embedded into daily unit practices. They may help ignite a renewed momentum into the implementation of post-event debriefing in clinical settings.
Self-explaining roads: What does visual cognition tell us about designing safer roads?
Authors: Theeuwes Jan
Published: March 2021

In 1995, Theeuwes and Godthelp published a paper called “self-explaining roads,” in which they argued for the development of a new concept for approaching safe road design. Since this publication, self-explaining roads (SER) became one of the leading principles in road design worldwide. The underlying notion is that roads should be designed in such a way that road users immediately know how to behave and what to expect on these roads. In other words, the environment should be designed such that it elicits adequate and safe behavior. The present paper describes in detail the theoretical basis for the idea of SER and explains why this has such a large effect on human behavior. It is argued that the notion is firmly rooted in the theoretical framework of statistical learning, subjective road categorization and the associated expectations. The paper illustrates some successful implementation and describes recent developments worldwide.
Development of biopolymer-based menstrual pad and quality analysis against commercial merchandise
Authors: Shibly Md. Moynul Hassan , Hossain Mohammad Anower , Hossain M. Forhad , Nur Md Golam , Hossain Mohammad Billal
Published: March 2021

Background

Managing menstrual hygiene in the least developed countries represents a significant obstacle for women and girls. Commonly dirty stuffs are used to control the menstrual cycle which causes many diseases, while disposable hygiene-absorbent material during menstruation is an essential requirement. Most local commercial sanitary napkins offer high absorptiveness and flexibility; however, most of them, due to the use of synthetic superabsorbent polymer (SAP) within the core layer, are not biodegradable and harmful to human skin. This research aims to create a sanitized and biodegradable pad in order to replace SAP with environmentally sound biopolymer that give rural poor women competent performance and characteristics.

Result

For the construction of the model, some of the current sanitary pads from the local market are examined. Six models are designed using various biopolymers such as cotton, viscose, wood pulp, sodium alginate and carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) in different proportions as the core absorbent layer to boost requirements such as absorption, fluid retention strength, coziness and cost reduction. The sanitized pads have gone through various investigations such as antimicrobial activity, wicking ability and water retention capacity to standardize vital features and value. The experimental results show the use of sodium alginate and CMC is a possible replacement for SAP as the best comparable result is observed in template consuming sodium alginate, CMC and cellulosic fibre. Non-woven fabric treated with neem extract forming the outer layer of sanitary napkin serving with antimicrobial activity of more than 90% against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Conclusion

Outcomes recommend significant advancement and cost-effectiveness of the newly designed archetype. Sanitary napkins without SAP can be a safe disposal solution and can therefore have a sustainable environmental impact.
Quality of care in psychiatry is related to research activity
Authors: de Arriba-Enriquez J. , Sanz-Casado E. , Vieta E. , Rapado-Castro M. , Arango C.
Published: March 2021

Background

The top biomedical research institutions have traditionally been assumed to provide better medical treatment for their patients. However, this may not necessarily be the case. Low-to-moderate negative associations between research activity and the quality-of-care provided by clinical departments have been described. We aimed to examine this relationship in the psychiatric units of the largest hospitals in Spain.

Methods

Scientific publications for 50 hospitals were retrieved from the Web of Science (2006–2015), and quality of mental healthcare data were gathered from Spanish National Health System records (2008–2014). Spearman-rank correlation analyses (adjusting for number of beds and population) were used to examine the associations between research data and quality-of-care outcomes in psychiatry. Stepwise regression models were built in order to determine the predictive value of research productivity for healthcare outcomes.

Results

We found a positive association between research activity indicators (i.e., number of publications, number of citations, cumulative impact factor, and institutional H-index) and better quality-of-care outcomes in psychiatry (i.e., number of readmissions, transfers, and discharges from hospital). In particular, a higher research activity predicted a lower level of readmissions for individuals with psychoses (p = 0.025; R = 0.317), explaining 8.2% of the variance when other factors were accounted for.

Conclusions

Higher research activity is associated with better quality of mental healthcare in psychiatry. Our results can inform decision-making in clinical and research management settings in order to determine the most appropriate quality measures of the impact of research on the prognosis of individuals with psychiatric conditions.
Development and Pilot Testing of Entrustable Professional Activities for US Anesthesiology Residency Training
Authors: Woodworth Glenn E. , Marty Adrian P. , Tanaka Pedro P. , Ambardekar Aditee P. , Chen Fei , Duncan Michael J. , Fromer Ilana R. , Hallman Matthew R. , Klesius Lisa L. , Ladlie Beth L. , Mitchell Sally Ann , Miller Juve Amy K. , McGrath Brian J. , Shepler John A. , Sims Charles , Spofford Christina M. , Van Cleve Wil , Maniker Robert B.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:

Modern medical education requires frequent competency assessment. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) provides a descriptive framework of competencies and milestones but does not provide standardized instruments to assess and track trainee competency over time. Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) represent a workplace-based method to assess the achievement of competency milestones at the point-of-care that can be applied to anesthesiology training in the United States.

METHODS:

Experts in education and competency assessment were recruited to participate in a 6-step process using a modified Delphi method with iterative rounds to reach consensus on an entrustment scale, a list of EPAs and procedural skills, detailed definitions for each EPA, a mapping of the EPAs to the ACGME milestones, and a target level of entrustment for graduating US anesthesiology residents for each EPA and procedural skill. The defined EPAs and procedural skills were implemented using a website and mobile app. The assessment system was piloted at 7 anesthesiology residency programs. After 2 months, faculty were surveyed on their attitudes on usability and utility of the assessment system. The number of evaluations submitted per month was collected for 1 year.

RESULTS:

Participants in EPA development included 18 education experts from 11 different programs. The Delphi rounds produced a final list of 20 EPAs, each differentiated as simple or complex, a defined entrustment scale, mapping of the EPAs to milestones, and graduation entrustment targets. A list of 159 procedural skills was similarly developed. Results of the faculty survey demonstrated favorable ratings on all questions regarding app usability as well as the utility of the app and EPA assessments. Over the 2-month pilot period, 1636 EPA and 1427 procedure assessments were submitted. All programs continued to use the app for the remainder of the academic year resulting in 12,641 submitted assessments.

CONCLUSIONS:

A list of 20 anesthesiology EPAs and 159 procedural skills assessments were developed using a rigorous methodology to reach consensus among education experts. The assessments were pilot tested at 7 US anesthesiology residency programs demonstrating the feasibility of implementation using a mobile app and the ability to collect assessment data. Adoption at the pilot sites was variable; however, the use of the system was not mandatory for faculty or trainees at any site.
Integrated analysis of cell shape and movement in moving frame
Authors: Heryanto Yusri Dwi , Cheng Chin-Yi , Uchida Yutaka , Mimura Kazushi , Ishii Masaru , Yamada Ryo
Published: March 2021

The cell's movement and morphological change are two interrelated cellular processes. An integrated analysis is needed to explore the relationship between them. However, it has been challenging to investigate them as a whole. The cell's trajectory can be described by its speed, curvature, and torsion. On the other hand, the three-dimensional (3D) cell shape can be studied by using a shape descriptor such as spherical harmonic (SH) descriptor, which is an extension of a Fourier transform in 3D space. We propose a novel method using parallel-transport (PT) to integrate these shape-movement data by using moving frames as the 3D-shape coordinate system. This moving frame is purely determined by the velocity vector. On this moving frame, the movement change will influence the coordinate system for shape analysis. By analyzing the change of the SH coefficients over time in the moving frame, we can observe the relationship between shape and movement. We illustrate the application of our approach using simulated and real datasets in this paper.
Artificial intelligence system for automatic deciduous tooth detection and numbering in panoramic radiographs
Authors: Kılıc Münevver Coruh , Bayrakdar Ibrahim Sevki , Çelik Özer , Bilgir Elif , Orhan Kaan , Aydın Ozan Barıs , Kaplan Fatma Akkoca , Sağlam Hande , Odabaş Alper , Aslan Ahmet Faruk , Yılmaz Ahmet Berhan
Published: March 2021

Objective:

This study evaluated the use of a deep-learning approach for automated detection and numbering of deciduous teeth in children as depicted on panoramic radiographs.

Methods and materials:

An artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm (CranioCatch, Eskisehir-Turkey) using Faster R-CNN Inception v2 (COCO) models were developed to automatically detect and number deciduous teeth as seen on pediatric panoramic radiographs. The algorithm was trained and tested on a total of 421 panoramic images. System performance was assessed using a confusion matrix.

Results:

The AI system was successful in detecting and numbering the deciduous teeth of children as depicted on panoramic radiographs. The sensitivity and precision rates were high. The estimated sensitivity, precision, and F1 score were 0.9804, 0.9571, and 0.9686, respectively.

Conclusion:

Deep-learning-based AI models are a promising tool for the automated charting of panoramic dental radiographs from children. In addition to serving as a time-saving measure and an aid to clinicians, AI plays a valuable role in forensic identification.
Body mass index (BMI) and quality of life among long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Vankina Srilakshmi P. , Vogel Rachel I. , Jewett Patricia I. , Boucher Alexander A. , Janardan Sanyukta K. , Kunin-Batson Alicia , Sadak Karim Thomas , Blaes Anne
Published: March 2021

Background: Adult survivors of childhood cancers such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at risk of overweight and related chronic morbidities. As childhood cancer survival has been improving, long-term quality of life (QOL) among cancer survivors becomes more important. We examined the association of body mass index with physical and psychosocial QOL among childhood ALL survivors who returned for long-term follow-up after end of therapy.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional survey (2006-2012), we assessed the association between body mass index and quality of life in 58 long-term survivors of childhood ALL (ages 9 to 43 at the time of survey/measurement) using age-appropriate QOL instruments (Health-Related Quality of Life Short Form – SF-36 or Child Health Questionnaire-PF-50).

Results: Half of the participants were overweight or obese at the time of survey. Mean QOL scores were similar to population norms. Compared to underweight/healthy weight status, being overweight/obese was not significantly associated with poorer physical QOL, but with poorer psychosocial QOL (47.1±13.2 vs. 54.0±6.0, P=0.01, effect size Cohen’s d=0.67), which remained statistically significant after adjusting for age and sex.

Conclusions: Weight management should be the target of timely interventions among survivors of childhood ALL.
Translating the 2020 AAD-NPF Guidelines of Care for the Management of Psoriasis With Systemic Nonbiologics to Clinical Practice
Authors: Chat Vipawee S , Uppal Shelley K , Kearns Donovan G , Han George , Wu Jashin J.
Published: March 2021

In 2020, the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) and the National Psoriasis Foundation (NPF) released a set of guidelines for the management of psoriasis in adults with systemic nonbiologic therapies, including acitretin, apremilast, cyclosporine, fumaric acid esters, methotrexate, and tofacitinib. This review addresses dosing, efficacy, toxicity, drug-related interactions, and contraindications alongside evidence-based treatment recommendations for each systemic therapy. Important considerations for treatment such as drug selection, initiation of therapy, drug monitoring, and patient management also are discussed. Physicians are encouraged to use these recommendations to guide treatments based on individual patient needs and disease characteristics.
Factores asociados a caídas en el servicio ambulatorio de geriatría de un hospital universitario en Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Arias Delgado Diego Alejandro , Cepeda Alfonso Laura , Coca León David , Chavarro-Carvajal Diego , Heredia Ramírez Rodrigo
Published: March 2021

Introducción: las caídas en el adulto mayor tienen un impacto negativo en el estado funcional y el riesgo de caídas se eleva progresivamente con la edad, por lo que es importante objetivar todos los factores de riesgo de cada paciente. Nuestro objetivo fue describir la prevalencia y los factores asociados con caídas en los pacientes del servicio ambulatorio de geriatría del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio en Bogotá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo con pacientes valorados en la consulta externa de geriatría del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio desde enero de 2017 hasta diciembre de 2018. Resultados: se incluyeron 233 pacientes, documentando una prevalencia de caídas del 44,5%. En el análisis bivariado las variables con asociación estadísticamente significativa fueron: la presencia de trastorno neurocognitivo mayor (TNCM) (OR 2.31 IC 95% 1.28-4.18 p 0.005), el miedo a caer (OR 2.27 IC 95% 1.24-4.18 p 0.008), un grado de dependencia moderado a total (OR 1.93 IC 95% 1.11-3.35 p 0.019) y a un mal estado nutricional (OR 1.18 IC 95% 1.099- 3.18 p 0.02); no obstante, en el análisis multivariado, las variables que mantuvieron la asociación fueron el TNCM (OR 2.09 IC 95% 1.14-3.86 p 0.001) y el miedo a caer (OR 2.27 IC 95% 1.19-4.32 p 0.001). Conclusión: las variables asociadas con caídas en nuestra población se relacionan con lo descrito en la literatura mundial; son necesarias intervenciones para corregir estos factores y evitar caídas en nuestra población, así como diseñar más estudios para detectar otros factores asociados.
Size Matters, So Does Duration: The Interplay Between Offer Size and Offer Deadline
Authors: Hu Zhenyu , Tang Wenjie
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates the interplay between offer size and offer deadline in a Stackelberg game involving a proposer and a responder. The proposer acts first by making an offer to the responder with a deadline, and the responder, concurrently following a continuous-time finite-horizon search for alternative offers, has to respond to the proposer’s offer by the deadline. Taking into account the responder’s reaction, the proposer’s optimal strategy can vary from an exploding offer—an offer that has to be accepted or rejected on the spot—to an offer with an extended deadline under different market conditions, proxied by characteristics of the alternative offer distribution. In particular, the proposer should offer an exploding offer when the alternative offer market is unfavorable to the responder, and the harsher it is, the smaller will be the offer size. By contrast, when the alternative offer market is favorable to the responder, the proposer can benefit from making a smaller (compared with the exploding offer) nonexploding offer, and the more favorable the market, the smaller will be the offer size and the longer the deadline. Our analysis is further extended to the case where the responder has private knowledge of the alternative offers’ arrival rate, and we characterize the optimal strategy for the proposer when she makes either a single offer or a menu of offers that serves as a self-selection mechanism. In the latter case, the optimal menu of offers can be implemented as a sign-up bonus type of contract.

This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, decision analysis.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DENGAN SIKAP IBU HAMIL TENTANG PELAYANAN ANTENATAL CARE TERINTEGRASI
Authors: Permatasari Indah , Sunarsih Tri
Published: March 2021

Developing countries have a serious health problem with maternal death and illness. The maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is 190 per 100,000 live births. Antenatal Care is a solution to reduce maternal and child mortality. Pregnant women are advised to carry out antenatal surveillance at least 4 times; once in trimester 1, once in trimester II, and twice in trimester III. Mlati II Sleman Health Center has met the target coverage for Visiting 1 (100%) and Visiting 4 (93.5%), but some pregnant women who examined did not know what Integrated Antenatal Care was. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of knowledge with attitudes of pregnant women about integrated antenatal care services at Mlati Sleman Public Health Center. The type of research used was a quantitative explanatory study type. The method used in the survey was a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted at the Mlati II Health Center, Sleman, Yogyakarta. A total sample of 80 pregnant women TM II and TM III. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. Test statistics with Kendall's Tau. There was no significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women regarding integrated antenatal care services at Mlati II Health Center Sleman Yogyakarta because integrated antenatal care has become a program so that pregnant women have been directed to follow it. The significance value is 0.457> α (0.05) and the correlation value shows -0.075. Pregnant women should more routinely check pregnancy according to the 10 T standard. Health workers need to improve the quality of integrated antenatal care services, it is necessary to motivate pregnant women to read the Mother-Child Health book so that mothers can remember the information contained in the Mother-Child Health book.
HUBUNGAN PERAN POS KESEHATAN PESANTREN DENGAN PENERAPAN PERSONAL HYGIENE SANTRI
Authors: Yuniasih Lilis , Wibowo Marsiana
Published: March 2021

Personal hygiene is one's effort to maintain cleanliness and health to obtain physical and psychological well-being. As many as 50% of students in Islamic boarding schools experience diseases related to personal hygiene including scabies and pediculosis capitis. Poskestren is a manifestation of community-based health efforts within the boarding school environment, with principles from, by and for pesantren residents, which prioritizes promotive and preventive services without neglecting the curative and rehabilitative arrangements with the development of local puskesmas. Thus the poskestren is one of the references in health development in Islamic boarding schools which should be able to overcome health problems. However, with the presence of the boarding school health post, diseases related to personal hygiene in Islamic Boarding School X, Bantul Regency have yet to be completely resolved. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between students' perceptions of the role of the boarding school health post with the personal hygiene of students in Islamic Boarding School X, Bantul Regency. This study uses an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study were all 56 students living in Islamic Boarding Schools X and the sampling technique used was total sampling. Respondents who met the criteria totalled 51 people. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test. Statistical test results show that there was a relationship between promotive efforts with the application of students personal hygiene (ρ = 0,000) and there is no relationship between preventive efforts (ρ = 1,000), curative (ρ = 1,000), and rehabilitative (0.840) with the application of santri personal hygiene. There was a relationship between perception about the role of poskestren promotive efforts with the implementation of personal hygiene of students and there was no relationship between perception of the role of health post boarding school with the application of personal hygiene of students in Boarding school  X, Bantul Regency
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BUKU SAKU TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN SAFETY RIDING : STUDI KASUS DI SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 3 YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Lestari Desy Anif , Arianto Machfudz Eko
Published: March 2021

Driving safety knowledge is the initial provision that must be possessed before driving on the highway. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the provision of safety riding pocketbooks on increasing student knowledge. The research design used in this study was pre-experimental, with one group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique used was the total population with a large sample of 76 vocational students. The data obtained were analyzed using the Wilcoxon alternative test. Before given the safety riding pocketbook of the 20 most questions with the correct answer that is question number 17 as many as 73 respondents (90.6%), while after being given the safety riding pocketbook of the 20 most questions with the correct answer that is question number 18 as many 76 respondents (100%). The average pretest score is 14.75, while the posttest average value is 17.24, and there is a difference in the average deviation of 2.66 with a p-value of 0,000. It can be concluded that it is statistically significant, and there is an increase in student knowledge after being given a pocketbook. There is a difference in the average safety riding knowledge before. After being given a pocketbook to students of class X and XI majoring in TBSM (Motorcycle Engineering and Business) Vocational school Muhammadiyah 3, Yogyakarta with the p-value is 0,000.
HUBUNGAN LAMA PENGGUNAAN GADGET DENGAN PERILAKU SOSIAL ANAK PRASEKOLAH
Authors: Putri Emri Oktaresa , Utami Agnita , Lestari Raja Fitrina
Published: March 2021

Gadgets are used by all people including preschool children. The use of gadgets in the pre-school increase every year and can make the child social behavior is impaired because addicted to gadget duration play with more than 1 hour. This study aims to see the long relationship between the use of gadgets and the social behavior of pre-school children. This type of research is quantitative using a description of correlation design with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used was consecutive sampling with a sample of 76 respondents. The data collection tool used is a questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that as many as 46.1% of children use gadgets more than 1 hour every day and 27.6% of children have bad socialization behavior. Chi square correlation test results obtained  = 0.003 (p <0.05), which means that there is a significant relationship between the duration of the use of gadgets and the social behavior of pre-school children in TK Negeri Pembina 3 Pekanbaru. The results of this study are expected to provide knowledge to parents who have pre-school children to limit children in using gadgets.
Experimental demonstration of a chaotic communication system with a switchable chaotic carrier wavelength based on two weak-resonant-cavity Fabry–Perot laser diodes
Authors: Hu Chunxia , Xia Guangqiong , Yue Dianzuo , Jiang Zaifu , Cui Bing , Zheng Yanfei , Lin Gongru , Wu Zhengmao
Published: March 2021

Based on two weak-resonant-cavity Fabry–Perot laser diodes (WRC-FPLDs) with almost identical mode intervals, we propose and demonstrate experimentally, a chaotic communication system with switchable chaotic carrier wavelength. In such a scheme, a WRC-FPLD (called T-WRC-FPLD) subject to filtered feedback provided by a tunable optical filter (TOF) is taken as the transmitter, and the other WRC-FPLD (called R-WRC-FPLD) under optical injection from the T-WRC-FPLD is taken as the receiver. Through setting the central wavelength of the TOF and selecting the matched feedback strength, a desired mode in the T-WRC-FPLD can be chosen to stimulate and output a chaotic signal, whose central wavelength is determined by the central wavelength of the TOF. Thus, the T-WRC-FPLD under filtered feedback can provide a chaotic carrier with a switchable central wavelength. The chaotic signal output from the T-WRC-FPLD is sent to the R-WRC-FPLD and drives the R-WRC-FPLD for generating a chaotic signal. Under proper injection strength, high-quality chaotic synchronization between the T-WRC-FPLD and R-WRC-FPLD can be realized, and therefore the chaotic communication with switchable carrier wavelength can be implemented in this system. We adopt three different chaotic signals provided by three different modes in the T-WRC-FPLD as the chaotic carriers, respectively, and inspect the performances of the system. The experimental results show that, for the three cases, all the correlation coefficients between the T-WRC-FPLD and R-WRC-FPLD can be larger than 0.94 under optimized operating parameters. Via the high-quality chaotic synchronization between the T-WRC-FPLD and R-WRC-FPLD, a 5 Gb/s message encrypted in each chaotic carrier can be successfully decrypted at the receiver for the three cases, and the bit error ratios are all lower than

3.8

×

1

0

−
3

, which is the hard-decision forward error correction threshold.
Group testing as a strategy for COVID-19 epidemiological monitoring and community surveillance
Authors: Brault Vincent , Mallein Bastien , Rupprecht Jean-François
Published: March 2021

We propose an analysis and applications of sample pooling to the epidemiologic monitoring of COVID-19. We first introduce a model of the RT-qPCR process used to test for the presence of virus in a sample and construct a statistical model for the viral load in a typical infected individual inspired by large-scale clinical datasets. We present an application of group testing for the prevention of epidemic outbreak in closed connected communities. We then propose a method for the measure of the prevalence in a population taking into account the increased number of false negatives associated with the group testing method.
Stability of the cytosine methylome during post-testicular sperm maturation in mouse
Authors: Galan Carolina , Serra Ryan W. , Sun Fengyun , Rinaldi Vera D. , Conine Colin C. , Rando Oliver J.
Published: March 2021

Beyond the haploid genome, mammalian sperm carry a payload of epigenetic information with the potential to modulate offspring phenotypes. Recent studies show that the small RNA repertoire of sperm is remodeled during post-testicular maturation in the epididymis. Epididymal maturation has also been linked to changes in the sperm methylome, suggesting that the epididymis might play a broader role in shaping the sperm epigenome. Here, we characterize the genome-wide methylation landscape in seven germ cell populations from throughout the male reproductive tract. We find very few changes in the cytosine methylation landscape between testicular germ cell populations and cauda epididymal sperm, demonstrating that the sperm methylome is stable throughout post-testicular maturation. Although our sequencing data suggested that caput epididymal sperm exhibit a highly unusual methylome, follow-up studies revealed that this resulted from contamination of caput sperm by extracellular DNA. Extracellular DNA formed web-like structures that ensnared sperm, and was present only in sperm samples obtained from the caput epididymis and vas deferens of virgin males. Curiously, contaminating extracellular DNA was associated with citrullinated histone H3, potentially resulting from a PAD-driven genome decondensation process. Taken together, our data emphasize the stability of cytosine methylation in mammalian sperm, and identify a surprising, albeit transient, period during which sperm are associated with extracellular DNA.
Characterization and trypanocidal activity of a β-lapachone-containing drug carrier
Authors: Barbosa Juliana M. C. , Nicoletti Caroline D. , da Silva Patrícia B. , Melo Tatiana G. , Futuro Débora O. , Ferreira Vitor F. , Salomão Kelly
Published: March 2021

The treatment of Chagas disease (CD), a neglected parasitic condition caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is still based on only two drugs, nifurtimox (Nif) and benznidazole (Bz), both of which have limited efficacy in the late chronic phase and induce severe side effects. This scenario justifies the continuous search for alternative drugs, and in this context, the natural naphthoquinone β-lapachone (β-Lap) and its derivatives have demonstrated important trypanocidal activities. Unfortunately, the decrease in trypanocidal activity in the blood, high toxicity to mammalian cells and low water solubility of β-Lap limit its systemic administration and, consequently, clinical applications. For this reason, carriers as drug delivery systems can strategically maximize the therapeutic effects of this drug, overcoming the above mentioned restrictions. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to investigate the in vitro anti-T. cruzi effects of β-Lap encapsulated in2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2HP-β-CD) and its potential toxicity to mammalian cells.
Population risk factors for severe disease and mortality in COVID-19: A global systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Booth Adam , Reed Angus Bruno , Ponzo Sonia , Yassaee Arrash , Aral Mert , Plans David , Labrique Alain , Mohan Diwakar
Published: March 2021

Aim

COVID-19 clinical presentation is heterogeneous, ranging from asymptomatic to severe cases. While there are a number of early publications relating to risk factors for COVID-19 infection, low sample size and heterogeneity in study design impacted consolidation of early findings. There is a pressing need to identify the factors which predispose patients to severe cases of COVID-19. For rapid and widespread risk stratification, these factors should be easily obtainable, inexpensive, and avoid invasive clinical procedures. The aim of our study is to fill this knowledge gap by systematically mapping all the available evidence on the association of various clinical, demographic, and lifestyle variables with the risk of specific adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19.

Methods

The systematic review was conducted using standardized methodology, searching two electronic databases (PubMed and SCOPUS) for relevant literature published between 1stJanuary 2020 and 9thJuly 2020. Included studies reported characteristics of patients with COVID-19 while reporting outcomes relating to disease severity. In the case of sufficient comparable data, meta-analyses were conducted to estimate risk of each variable.

Results

Seventy-six studies were identified, with a total of 17,860,001 patients across 14 countries. The studies were highly heterogeneous in terms of the sample under study, outcomes, and risk measures reported. A large number of risk factors were presented for COVID-19. Commonly reported variables for adverse outcome from COVID-19 comprised patient characteristics, including age >75 (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.81–3.90), male sex (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.39–3.04) and severe obesity (OR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.31–5.05). Active cancer (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.04–2.04) was associated with increased risk of severe outcome. A number of common symptoms and vital measures (respiratory rate and SpO2) also suggested elevated risk profiles.

Conclusions

Based on the findings of this study, a range of easily assessed parameters are valuable to predict elevated risk of severe illness and mortality as a result of COVID-19, including patient characteristics and detailed comorbidities, alongside the novel inclusion of real-time symptoms and vital measurements.
Subcutaneous immunoglobulins replacement therapy in secondary antibody deficiencies: Real life evidence as compared to primary antibody deficiencies
Authors: Cinetto Francesco , Neri Raffaella , Vianello Fabrizio , Visentin Andrea , Barilà Gregorio , Gianese Sabrina , Lanciarotta Alison , Milito Cinzia , Rattazzi Marcello , Piazza Francesco , Trentin Livio , Zambello Renato , Agostini Carlo , Scarpa Riccardo
Published: March 2021

Secondary antibody deficiencies (SAD) may require immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT). While the intravenous route (IVIG) is broadly considered effective in SAD, the use of subcutaneous immunoglobulins (SCIG) is mainly adopted from the experience in primary antibody deficiencies (PAD), where SCIG have been shown to perform as effective as IVIG. However, evidence-based data on SCIG administration in SAD patients are still insufficient. Herein we retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety profile of SCIG treatment in 131 SAD patients as compared to a group of 102 PAD patients. We found SCIG being equally effective in reducing annual infectious rate both in SAD and PAD patients. However, SAD patients required lower SCIG dosage and lower IgG through level to achieve similar biological effect in terms of infection burden, at the steady state. SAD patients also showed better correlation between SCIG dose and serum IgG achieved value. Furthermore, within SAD, SCIG were found to work irrespective of the underlying disease. Especially in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma patients, whose indication to IgRT is still not included in all guidelines and for whom evidence-based data are still lacking, SCIG were as effective as in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia or Multiple Myeloma patients, and SCIG discontinuation, without evidence of B cell recovery, led to IgG decline and relapsed infections. Finally, treatment tolerance in SAD patients was comparable to the PAD cohort. Globally, our data suggest that SCIG, as already appreciated in PAD, represent a valuable option in SAD patients, independent on the disease leading to antibody deficiency.
Assessing the knowledge, attitude and perception on workplace readiness regarding COVID-19 among health care providers in Ethiopia—An internet-based survey
Authors: Gebreselassie Agazi Fitsum , Bekele Abebe , Tatere Heaven Yeshaneh , Wong Rex
Published: March 2021

Background

Healthcare facilities in Ethiopia are responsible for collecting samples for testing and treating COVID-19 patients, providing COVID-19 information to staff, establishment of response teams, and provision of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE). Working at the frontlines against the pandemic, health care providers’ level of knowledge about COVID-19, attitude towards their work, and confidence in the preparedness of their facilities are essential factors in mounting a successful response.

Objectives

This study investigated the knowledge level of HCP in Ethiopia on this novel coronavirus, and their perspectives on whether their workplaces have sufficient preparedness to handle this disease.

Methods

A self-administered online survey was conducted.

Results

The knowledge related to COVID-19 among HCPs was high, with an overall average of 91.5%. The majority of our respondents were supportive to the government’s measures to minimize disease transmission, but most of them were also frustrated by how COVID affected their day to day lives. The majority of them were worried about contracting COVID at work and transmitting the infection to their families. Most respondents did not feel safe going to work (P<0.001). Apart from providing adequate information on COVID-19, most workplaces did not have sufficient PPE (P<000.1) and medical supplies (P<0.001). Close to 50% of respondents agreed and disagreed that their workplaces had clear protocols for handling COVID-19 (P = 0.144). Those who handled known COVID patients were more likely to agree their workplaces had clear protocols (OR = 2.69, P<0.001).

Conclusion

Improving supplies of PPEs and establishing a clear communicating protocol in handling COVID patients are highly recommended.
Ten-year cardiovascular risk among cancer survivors: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Zhang Xiaochen , Pawlikowski Meghan , Olivo-Marston Susan , Williams Karen Patricia , Bower Julie K. , Felix Ashley S.
Published: March 2021

Background

Cancer survivors have a higher risk of developing and dying from cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population. We sought to determine whether 10-year risk of atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) is elevated among those with vs. without a cancer history in a nationally representative U.S. sample.

Methods

Participants aged 40–79 years with no CVD history were included from the 2007–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Cancer history was self-reported and 10-year risk of ASCVD was estimated using Pooled Cohort Equations. We used logistic regression to estimate associations between cancer history and odds of elevated (≥7.5%) vs. low (<7.5%) 10-year ASCVD risk. An interaction between age and cancer history was examined.

Results

A total of 15,095 participants were included (mean age = 55.2 years) with 12.3% (n = 1,604) reporting a cancer history. Individuals with vs. without a cancer history had increased odds of elevated 10-year ASCVD risk (OR = 3.42, 95% CI: 2.51–4.66). Specifically, those with bladder/kidney, prostate, colorectal, lung, melanoma, or testicular cancer had a 2.72–10.47 higher odds of elevated 10-year ASCVD risk. Additionally, age was an effect modifier: a cancer history was associated with 1.24 (95% CI: 1.19–4.21) times higher odds of elevated 10-year ASCVD risk among those aged 60–69, but not with other age groups.

Conclusions

Adults with a history of self-reported cancer had higher 10-year ASCVD risk. ASCVD risk assessment and clinical surveillance of cardiovascular health following a cancer diagnosis could potentially reduce disease burden and prolong survival, especially for patients with specific cancers and high ASCVD risk.