bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preserving Nipple Sensitivity after Breast Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Harish Varsha , Haffner Zoe K. , Bekeny Jenna C. , Sayyed Adaah A. , Song David H. , Fan Kenneth L.
Published: November 2022

Purpose. As breast-conserving procedures become increasingly safe and viable options for surgical management of breast cancer, efforts have focused on assessing and optimizing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), such as nipple sensation. This study aims to evaluate the current understanding of nipple-areolar complex (NAC) sensation outcomes in breast cancer patients undergoing breast cancer surgeries, namely, nipple-sparing mastectomies (NSM), skin-sparing mastectomies (SSM), and lumpectomies. Methods. Articles including terms related to “nipple,” “mastectomy,” “sensation,” and “patient-reported outcome” were queried from three databases according to PRISMA guidelines. Study characteristics, patient demographics, and surgical details were recorded. Outcomes of interest included objective nipple sensitivity testing and PROMs. Results. Of 888 manuscripts identified, 28 articles met the inclusion criteria. Twelve studies (n = 578 patients) used objective measures to evaluate sensitivity, such as monofilament testing. Sixteen studies (n = 1785 patients) assessed PROMs through validated or investigator-generated surveys. Three of the included studies reported NAC sensitivity in patients who received NSM with neurotization (n = 203 patients) through a variety of techniques that used various grafts to coapt a lateral intercostal nerve to the NAC nerve stumps. Results of investigator surveys showed that of 1565 patients without neurotization, nipple sensation was maintained in 29.0% (n = 453) of patients. Of 138 NSM patients without NAC neurotization, SWM testing showed an average loss of protective sensation in the nipple (average SWM score: 4.7) compared to normal or diminished sensation to light touch in nonoperated controls (average SWM score: 2.9, n = 195). Of patients who underwent NSM with neurotization, one study (n = 78) reported maintenance of NAC sensation in 100% of patients, while another study (n = 7) reported average diminished protective sensation in the nipple (average SWM score: 3.9). Conclusion. Our study has shown that objective and patient-reported results of nipple sensitivity support nipple-sparing techniques as a viable option for preserving NAC sensation, although patients can expect a decrease in sensation overall. Neurotization of the NAC during NSM shows promising results of improved postoperative nipple sensitivity, though additional studies are warranted to confirm this finding. Variations between study methodologies highlight the lack of standardization in sensory testing techniques when evaluating NAC sensation.
Fate of Fumonisin B2 (FB2) during Vinification and Wine Storage: Fining Agents for the Removal of FB2 in Wine
Authors: Perera D. , Prenzler P. D. , Savocchia S. , Steel C. C.
Published: November 2022

Background and Aims. Fumonisins are a group of mycotoxins produced by some isolates of black aspergilli. This study examines the dynamics of fumonisins during winemaking and storage and the role of fining agents in the removal of FB2, the most prevalent fumonisin produced by black aspergilli. Methods and Results. Chardonnay grapes were inoculated with a fumonisin-producing strain of Aspergillus welwitschiae and fumonisins were quantified at different stages of vinification. The stability of fumonisins was studied at 13 and 25°C using Chardonnay wine spiked with FB2. Activated charcoal, calcium bentonite, yeast hulls, and a nonallergenic polysaccharide of nonanimal origin (NO (OX)) were evaluated as fining agents for FB2 removal from wine. Fumonisins were quantified by LC-MS/MS. During vinification most of the fumonisins were removed with the solids, with only 3% of the fumonisins found in the grapes being transferred to the wine. Fumonisin FB2 was stable in white wine for at least 4 months, but was reduced by 42% after 8 months at 25°C. Activated charcoal and bentonite were able to remove more than 80% of FB2 in white wine. Conclusions. Vinification can lead to the partial removal of fumonisins. The use of fining agents and wine storage leads to further reduction. Significance of the Study. This study demonstrates the fate of fumonisins during vinification and wine storage and the potential use of fining agents for amelioration of fumonisin contamination.
Associations between Physical Exercise, Quality of Life, Psychological Symptoms and Treatment Side Effects in Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Vehmanen Leena , Mattson Johanna , Karademas Evangelos , Oliveira-Maia Albino J. , Sousa Berta , Pat-Horenczyk Ruth , Mazzocco Ketti , Simos Panagiotis , Cardoso Fátima , Pettini Greta , Marzorati Chiara , Kolokotroni Eleni , Stamatakos Georgios , Frasquilho Diana , Poikonen-Saksela Paula
Published: November 2022

Background. Identifying and understanding modifiable factors for the well-being of cancer patients is critical in survivorship research. We studied variables associated with the exercise habits of breast cancer patients and investigated if the achievement of exercise recommendations was associated with enhanced quality of life and/or psychological well-being. Material and Methods. 311 women from Finland, Portugal, Israel, and Italy receiving adjuvant therapy for stage I–III breast cancer answered questions about sociodemographic factors and physical exercise. Quality of life was assessed by the EORTC C30 and BR23 questionnaires. Anxiety and depression were evaluated using the HADS scale. Results. At the beginning of adjuvant therapy and after twelve months, 32% and 26% of participants were physically inactive, 27% and 30% exercised between 30 and 150 minutes per week, while 41% and 45% exercised the recommended 150 minutes or more per week. Relative to other countries, Finnish participants were more likely to be active at baseline and at twelve months (89% vs. 50%,

p
<
0.001

and 87% vs. 64%,

p
<
0.001

). Participants with stage I cancer were more likely to be active at twelve months than those with a higher stage (80% vs. 70%,

p
<
0.05

). The inactive participants reported more anxiety (

p
<
0.05

) and depression (

p
<
0.001

), lower global quality of life (

p
<
0.001

), and more side effects (

p
<
0.05

) than the others at twelve months. Accordingly, those who remained inactive or decreased their level of exercise from baseline to twelve months reported more anxiety (

p
<
0.01

) and depression (

p
<
0.001

), lower global quality of life (

p
<
0.001

), and more side effects (

p
<
0.05

) than those with the same or increased level of exercise. Conclusion. For women with early breast cancer, exercise was associated with a better quality of life, less depression and anxiety, and fewer adverse events of adjuvant therapy. Trial registration number: NCT05095675. Paula Poikonen-Saksela on behalf of Bounce consortium (https://www.bounce-project.eu/).
Privacy-Oriented Transaction for Public Blockchain via Secret Sharing
Authors: Mi Bo , Wu Bingqing , Huang Darong , Liu Yang , Chen Lu , Wan Shaohua
Published: November 2022

Immutability and traceability are the main reasons for the popularity of blockchain. Nevertheless, its transparency also makes the transactions visible to all participants, which seriously violates the privacy of some dealers. In order to transfer accounts over blockchain, all verifiers should be empowered with the ability to confirm the transactions, leading to the conflict between extensive consensus and individual privacy. Orienting to privacy issues of UTXO (Unspent Transaction Output), this paper exploited the unconditional security of Shamir’s secret sharing to construct a logic-physical map for public chain, which enabled noninteractive transaction verification without privacy infringement. A comprehensive analysis indicated that the proposed scheme is secure under UC (Universal Composability) framework with practical computation and communication overheads.
Chromatographic Study of Blue-Violet Tanzanite’s Color Appearance
Authors: Qiu Lei , Guo Ying , Yuan Bin , Su Yu Shi , Qi Yan Hui
Published: November 2022

Tanzanite is a blue-purple zoisite currently produced only in Tanzania. Tanzanite is loved by the public for its attractive blue-violet color. In this study, the color appearance of tanzanite will be studied chromatically using the CIE 1976 L*a*b* unified color space and the CIECAM16 color appearance model, respectively. The blue color of tanzanite is quantitatively characterized in CIE 1976 L*a*b* uniform color space using an X-Rite SP62 spectrophotometer. The tristimulus values XYZ of tanzanite’s color are input into the CIECAM16 forward model to calculate the color appearance parameters of tanzanite under different light sources, different illumination levels, and different surroundings. And the results show that D65 light source is more suitable for the display of tanzanite. The change in illumination will have a significant effect on Brightness (Q). Darkening of the surroundings will lead to an increase in the lightness of tanzanite. The blue-violet color of tanzanite has a better visual effect when observed in darker conditions.
Biofabricated Nano-Cerium Oxide Loaded Polycaprolactone with Resveratrol Improves Repair of Spinal Cord Injury Through the PTEN/AKT Pathway
Authors: Wang En-Jia , Bai Deng-Yan , Zhang Xu-Sheng , Su Chun-Fa , Wang Guan
Published: November 2022

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is the main cause of severe dysfunction of limbs, causes serious physical and psychological damage to patients. Resveratrol (RVL) has been proven to improve the function of damaged organs, therefore we tried to explore whether RVL could exert a protective effect on SCI, as well as its related mechanism. Emulsion/solvent evaporation method was used to prepare CeO2-loaded microspheres and RVL nanopreparations, and bio fabricated CeO2-RVL/PCL was developed and assessed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. Then, the therapeutic effect of newly prepared CeO2-RVL/PCL on SCI was evaluated by assays. Bio fabricated CeO2-PCL/RVL was successfully established with good biocompatibility and stability. The CeO2-PCL/RVL effectively reduced apoptosis and spinal cord water content, and promoted the recovery of SCI in mice. Importantly, neuroprotective effect of CeO2-PCL/RVL on SCI was highly correlated with activation of the PTEN/AKT pathway. Our study successfully developed the biofabricated nano-CeO2loaded PCL polymer, which proved that the CeO2-PCL/RVL is a feasible medical material for relieving SCI. The neuroprotective effect of CeO2-PCL/RVL on SCI relied on activation of the PTEN/AKT pathway. This study is expected to provide new ideas on treatment of SCI.
Preparation, Mechanism and Bioactivity of Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Poly(DTH carbonate) Composite Bone Repair Material
Authors: Ma Ting-Ting , Niu Ze-Yu , Liao Jian-Guo , Li Yan-Qun , Guan Yi-Jia , Liu Jing-Xian , Xie Yu-Fen
Published: November 2022

A novel nano-hydroxyapatite/poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosin-hexyl ester) carbonate composites bone cement was prepared using nano-hydroxyapatite and poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosin-hexyl ester) carbonate. The experimental results indicate that the compressive strength of the nano-hydroxyapatite/poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosinhexyl
ester) carbonate composite bone cement which contained bone can reach 18.2 MPa, which can satisfy the repair demand of cancellous bone parts. Nano-hydroxyapatite and poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosinhexyl ester) carbonate are combined by hydrogen bonding. Calcium citrate is formed by reaction of
Ca2+ in nano-hydroxyapatite with the carboxyl group in citric acid. The nano-hydroxyapatite/poly(desaminotyrosyltyrosin-hexyl ester) carbonate composite bone cement was soaked in simulated body fluid to form hydroxyapatite. The results of the cell culture experiment and animal implantation
indicated that nano-hydroxyapatite/poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosin-hexyl ester) carbonate composite bone cement had good biocompatibility and osteogenesis capability. This study is useful for the development of nanohydroxyapatite/ poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosin-hexyl ester) carbonate composite
materials in the field of bone repair.
Review on Perovskite-Type Compound Using Machine Learning
Authors: Zhang Taohong , Guo Xueqiang , Zheng Han , Liu Yun , Wulamu Aziguli , Chen Han , Guo Xuxu , Zhang Zhizhuo
Published: November 2022

Perovskite is a kind of promising class of materials nowadays because of its exciting performance in energy, catalysis, semiconductor, and many other areas. Machine learning is a potential method by using big data to mine the deep hidden laws of the data and make some predictions of
the new data. Applying machine learning method in perovskite is a meaningful attempt to explore the new material with new properties and to predict the properties of new materials. This review shows recent progress of perovskite using machine learning, and these attempts show the success of
combining big data technique and material science which give us the new direction to explore the application of machine learning method and the new tools for material science.
Treatment and Nursing Application of a New Heterocycle Compound on Children Bronchial Pneumonia
Authors: Ding Xiao-Fang , Zhong Xiao
Published: November 2022

A fresh heterocycle compound, namely, 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-oxo-6-(4-(2-oxopiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3, 4-c]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (1), was synthesized by employing 1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-morpholino-5, 6-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-one as the raw material
through multiple generation routes. The new compound was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and single-crystal Xray diffraction. The nursing and treatment applications of the compound against children bronchial pneumonia were examined, and the
detailed mechanism was simultaneously analyzed. The release of TNF-α and IL-1β into the alveolar lavage fluid was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was exploited for identifying the NF-κB
activation levels in the epithelial cells of respiratory tract mucosa. Results from the atomistic scale by molecular docking simulation suggest that compound 1 has excellent biological activity, and three hydrogen bonds are formed between compound 1 and the receptor.
Preparation of a New Type of Epoxy Resin for Sports Equipment
Authors: Li Dongbiao
Published: November 2022

This study employed an oil-in-water (O/M) emulsion to create microcapsules with urea-formaldehyde resincoated modified epoxy resin core material using a one-step in-situ polymerization approach. The drawback of utilizing n-butyl glycidyl ether (501) as a modified epoxy
resin diluent. The impacts of several process factors on the size distribution, average diameter, and surface morphology of microcapsules were explored in this article, including heating rate, stirring rate, reactant ratio, and concentration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),
scanning electron microscope (SEM), optical microscope (OM), laser particle size analyzer, thermogravimetric analyzer (TG), and other techniques were used to investigate the chemical structure, surface morphology, and particle size of the microcapsules. The findings reveal that the microcapsules’
performance has substantially improved, providing a theoretical foundation for their widespread use.
Synthesis and Properties of Squeezed In-Situ (ZrB2+Al2O3/Al3Zr) Nanoparticle-Reinforced 6016Al Matrix Composites
Authors: Dar Soban Muddassir , Zhao Yutao , Kai Xizhou , Xu Zhuangzhuang , Guan Chuang
Published: November 2022

In this study, In-Situ (ZrB2+Al2O3/Al3Zr) nanoparticle-reinforced 6016Al matrix composites were produced under an electromagnetic field. The combined effect of the reinforcement particles, squeezing pressure on the microstructure, and
properties of 6016Al matrix composites was investigated. The results show that In-Situ incorporation of (ZrB2+Al2O3/Al3Zr) reinforcement particles (1.5 wt.% and 4 wt.%) into a 6016Al matrix coupled with increased squeezing pressure led to
appreciable grain refinement of the composites. The increase of squeezing pressure decreased the grain size of the 1.5 wt.% composite from 102 μm at 10 MPa to 58 μm at 30 MPa, and that of the 4 wt.% composite from 83 μm at 10 MPa to 50 μm at 30 MPa.
At low squeezing pressure (10 MPa) slight densification of the composites was observed. However, at high squeezing pressure (30 MPa) increased porosity was observed in the clustered ceramic nanoparticles and the most advantageous mechanical properties (high strength and improved ductility)
were obtained at a moderate squeezing pressure (20 MPa). About 50% and 100% improvements were observed in the elongation of 1.5 wt.% and 4 wt.% particlereinforced composites, respectively. Improvement in the properties was attributed to the significant densification and grain boundary strengthening
of the squeezed 6016Al matrix composites.
Recognition Killed the Radio Star? Recognition Orientations and Sustained Creativity After the Best New Artist Grammy Nomination
Authors: Harrison Spencer H. , Askin Noah , Hagtvedt Lydia Paine
Published: November 2022

Many organizations rely on group work to generate creativity, but existing research lacks theory on how groups’ responses to recognition for creative achievement shape their subsequent creative outcomes. Through an inductive study of bands nominated for a Best New Artist Grammy from 1980 to 1990, we develop a theory of reactions to early recognition in creative groups. Our multi-method analyses include oral histories from members of each band and quantitative data, which we use to triangulate the processes they describe. Our findings reveal that groups developed sets of emergent reactions and active adjustments to the recognition and its consequences, which we call “recognition orientations.” We identify three such orientations—absorbing, insulating, and mixed—that reflect how groups interpret recognition and integrate it into their subsequent processes. Most groups struggled by absorbing recognition, which led to internalizing expectations and opening their relationships to outsiders, ultimately inhibiting creativity. Some groups began to insulate themselves from recognition by externalizing expectations and bounding relationships, allowing them to sustain creative output over time. Finally, other groups developed a mixed orientation, initially experiencing the pitfalls of elevated recognition-seeking but ultimately attempting to insulate their need for external recognition by refocusing on their creative process. These findings reveal that recognition can upend the creative process, and groups that begin absorbing recognition are, ironically, less likely to earn it again in the future. Filling a critical research gap on creative production among groups that intend to continue working together, the results distinguish the skills needed to manage recognition from those needed to generate creativity, and offer insight into how groups enact longevity.
Effect of Early Infant Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Supplementation in Preventing Viral Respiratory Illness
Authors: Conrad Laura A. , LeCroy Madison N. , Rothschild Evin , Rodgers Caryn R. R. , Cabana Michael D.
Published: November 2022

The role of early probiotic supplementation in infants for the prevention of respiratory viral illnesses is unclear. We examined the association of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) supplementation during the first 6 months of life with the frequency and severity of viral illnesses during the first 24 months of life. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the randomized controlled Trial of Infant Probiotic Supplementation ( n = 184). Parents reported the number of respiratory viral illnesses, and a composite severity score was created based on symptoms. A negative binomial regression model and a mixed-effects linear regression model assessed for differences in the number of episodes and severity of episodes between treatment groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of viral illness episodes or symptom severity between treatment groups. Daily supplementation with LGG in early infancy does not decrease the number or severity of viral illnesses during the first 2 years of life.
Factors Associated With Parenting Stress in Parents of Children With Nephrotic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Du Wenwen , Shen Quan , Fowler Cathrine , Li Jia , Wang Xuena , Zhang Meng , Li Xiaoqin , Wan Changxiu , Yu Liping
Published: November 2022

Limited empirical studies were identified to quantify parenting stress in parents of children with nephrotic syndrome (NS). This cross-sectional study aimed to address this gap by examining the prevalence and factors associated with parenting stress. Two hundred two Chinese parents of children with NS were investigated by using the Parenting Stress Index–Short Form (PSI-SF), the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSCS), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and a demographic questionnaire. The results showed that parents of children with NS experienced higher parenting stress, and 67.8% of participants reported clinical levels of parenting stress. Fathers, parents with a primary education background, low social support and parenting sense of competence, and children with a prolonged treatment childhood NS reported higher parenting stress. Developing corresponding improvement interventions targeting parenting sense of competence, or providing extra disease-related support and education for parents might lessen parenting stress.
Race conditions and data partitioning: risks posed by common errors to reproducible parallel simulations
Authors: Nutaro James , Ozmen Ozgur
Published: November 2022

When parallel algorithms for simulation were introduced in the 1970s, their development and use interested only experts in parallel computation. This circumstance changed as multi-core processors became commonplace, putting a parallel computer into the hands of every modeler. A natural outcome is growing interest in parallel simulation among persons not intimately familiar with parallel computing. At the same time, parallel simulation tools continue to be developed with the implicit assumption that the modeler is knowledgeable about parallel programming. The unintended consequence is a rapidly growing number of users of parallel simulation tools that are unlikely to recognize when the interaction of race conditions, partitioning strategies, and simultaneous action in their simulation models make results non-reproducible, thereby calling into question the validity of conclusions drawn from the simulation data. We illustrate the potential dangers of exposing parallel algorithms to users who are not experts in parallel computation with example models constructed using existing parallel simulation tools. By doing so, we hope to refocus tool developers on usability, even if this new focus incurs loss of some performance.
HLA-based time management and synchronization framework for lean manufacturing tools evaluation
Authors: Possik Jalal , Zacharewicz Gregory , Zouggar Anne , Vallespir Bruno
Published: November 2022

Discrete event simulation (DES) is a method for digitally replicating the behavior and performance of real-world processes, systems, and facilities. DES is widely applied in manufacturing, logistics, healthcare, and military domains. In some cases, DES method is insufficient. On one hand, the simulation must be disassembled into subsystems and then distributed on a multiprocessing environment to enhance the simulation performance. On the other hand, to expand current functionality and prevent future application development, a set of interacting simulations is required. In this project, the IEEE high-level architecture (HLA) standard mechanisms are adopted to solve the interoperability problems between heterogeneous components. Time synchronization between federates is essential to have all DESs running in parallel. In this paper, we present a distributed simulation framework designed to assist decision-makers in making the best decisions and prioritizing the adoption of Lean tools and techniques.
Combination of anti-PD-L1 and radiotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: a mathematical model with uncertain parameters
Authors: Shafiekhani Sajad , Gheibi Nematollah , Janati Esfahani Azam
Published: November 2022

Blockade of programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) as a new method of immunotherapy for cancers has shown limited efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The combination of anti-PD-L1 and radiotherapy (RT) enhances the antitumor effect in HCC cancer. The efficacy and interactions of these treatments can be addressed by a mathematical model. We developed a mathematical model using a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The variables include cancer cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), PD-L1, anti-PD-L1, and ionizing radiation. The model is parameterized with imprecise data set of murine HCC model and the effect of parametric uncertainty is assessed by the fuzzy theorem. The global sensitivity analysis (GSA) is performed to assess model robustness against perturbation in parameters and to identify the most influential parameters on the dynamics of cells and proteins. In silico predictions are consistent with experimental data. The model simulation shows that anti-PD-L1 and RT have a synergistic effect. In silico assessment of treatments’ efficacy in the fuzzy setting of parameters revealed that anti-PD-L1 therapy, RT, and combination treatment caused the uncertainty band of tumor cells to lead to lower populations. This model as a validated rigorous simulation framework can be used to deepen our understanding of tumor and immune cell interactions and helps clinicians to investigate the efficacy of different time schedules of anti-PD-L1, RT, and combination therapy. The fuzzy theorem in conjunction with the classical ODE model that is parameterized by imprecise data was used to predict reliable outcomes of treatment.
Different Interventions for COVID-19 Primary and Booster Vaccination? Effects of Psychological Factors and Health Policies on Vaccine Uptake
Authors: Sprengholz Philipp , Henkel Luca , Böhm Robert , Betsch Cornelia
Published: November 2022

Background

Mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic requires continued uptake of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. To increase vaccination intention and uptake, key determinants of primary and booster vaccination need to be understood and potential effects of vaccination policies examined.

Design

Using experimental data collected in Germany in February 2022 ( N = 2,701), this study investigated 1) predictors of primary and booster vaccination and 2) potential effects of policies combining vaccination mandates and monetary incentives.

Results

Compared with unvaccinated participants, those with primary vaccination were less complacent, more often understood the collective protection afforded by vaccination, and less often endorsed conspiracy-based misinformation. Compared with participants with primary vaccination, boosted individuals were even less complacent, exhibited fewer conspiracy-based beliefs, perceived fewer constraints by prioritizing vaccination over other things, and more often favored compliance with official vaccination recommendations. Support for and reactance about vaccination mandates depended on vaccination status rather than policy characteristics, regardless of mandate type or incentives (up to 500 EUR). While unvaccinated individuals rejected policy provisions and declined vaccination, boosted individuals indicated mid-level support for mandates and showed high vaccination intention. Among vaccinated individuals, higher incentives of up to 2,000 EUR had a considerable positive effect on the willingness to get boosted, especially in the absence of a mandate.

Conclusions

While mandates may be needed to increase primary vaccination, our results indicate that financial incentives could be an alternative to promote booster uptake. However, combining both measures for the same target group seems inadvisable in most cases.

Highlights

Unvaccinated individuals and people with primary and booster vaccinations differ on psychological dimensions, calling for tailored immunization campaigns. Vaccination intentions depend on vaccination status rather than on mandatory or incentivizing policies. Incentives are unlikely to persuade unvaccinated individuals but may increase booster uptake. Positive effects of incentives decrease when vaccination is mandatory, advising against combination.
Stirring culture: Moral batteries and public characters in the battle over Moscow’s renovation
Authors: Jasper James M , Zhelnina Anna
Published: November 2022

Just as scholars used culture to ‘fill in’ our understanding of what was happening inside structural processes, so emotions can fill in many cultural concepts deployed in theories of social movement recruitment, decision-making, and impacts. Looking at the controversy around Moscow’s Renovation, a giant urban renewal project launched in 2017, we describe how both sides tried to recruit and persuade others. We analyze two examples of carriers of cultural meaning that are often described in idealistic, cognitive fashion, to reveal the emotions that give them their power to move people. Moral batteries are pairs of emotions, one positive and the other negative, which draw people toward one pole as they repel them from the other. In particular, we discuss binaries based on time, before-and-after contrasts, which have not previously been adequately recognized. In addition to moral batteries, we look at public characters, especially villains who get blamed and minions who are ridiculed; these are often contrasted with good characters such as victims or heroes. Characters can be applied to public figures such as politicians or take the form of group stereotypes. Like moral batteries, characters fuse cognitive elements, such as words and images, with the emotions that are supposed to accompany them. Energized by the recent inclusion of emotions, cultural theory still has something new to offer to explanations of social movements.
Hemoadsorption as part of a multimodal therapy concept to treat Capnocytophaga sepsis with thrombocytopenia and multiple organ failure
Authors: Kreutz Julian , Choukeir Maryana , Chatzis Georgios , Schieffer Bernhard , Markus Birgit
Published: November 2022

Background:

Capnocytophaga, a bacteria native to the oral flora of canines, in rare cases can lead to severe infections resulting in septic shock, respiratory tract infection, and multiple organ failure. In case of trauma following animal bites with rapidly progressing clinical courses, also adjunctive therapeutic measures such as extracorporeal blood purification therapies might be beneficial.

Case presentation:

We report on a 68-year-old male who was hospitalized with fever, oliguria and repeated vomiting after suffering a minor bite by his dog. On admission, he was diagnosed with sepsis. In addition, his coagulation status was markedly deranged resulting in the administration of mass transfusions to stabilize his coagulative status. Following detection of Capnocytophaga canimorsus, anti-infective therapy was initiated. In the context of a progressive respiratory deterioration and an increasing vigilance disorder, he had to be intubated. Due to development of renal failure, dialysis was started in conjunction with CytoSorb hemoadsorption therapy to control the hyperinflammatory condition. All of the applied therapeutic measures led to a rapid clinical stabilization, a control of the hyperinflammatory situation, and an improvement in his neurological status. The therapy was well tolerated with no complications encountered.

Conclusions:

This case supports the clinical recognition of severe Capnocytophaga infection that can lead to critical conditions even in immunocompetent patients. Combined broad spectrum antibiotic therapy, mass transfusions, CRRT, and CytoSorb hemoadsorption therapy resulted in a control of the critical situation. However, further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of hemoadsorption in this rare but life-threatening setting.
Intravesical Botulinum toxin-A injection in pediatric overactive neurogenic bladder with Detrusor overactivity: Radiologic and clinical outcomes
Authors: Sharifiaghdas Farzaneh , Narouie Behzad , Rostaminejad Niloofar , Hamidi Madani Mohammad , Manteghi Mohammadjavad , Rouientan Hamidreza , Ahmadzade Mohadese , Dadpour Mehdi
Published: November 2022

Objective:

The neurogenic bladder is one of the most serious and painful disorders seen in pediatric urology clinics. The upper urinary tract can be impaired by increased bladder pressure. Botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) is one of the new therapeutic interventions for this disease. Thus, this research was designed to determine the clinical as well as radiological outcomes intravesical BTX-A injections in patients with overactive neurogenic bladder with Detrusor over activity.

Patients and methods:

From March 2012 to March 2019, this cohort study was conducted at Shahid Labbafinejad hospital in Tehran, Iran. Thirty-five pediatric patients with a neurogenic bladder and Detrusor overactivity who fulfilled the eligibility criteria received BTX-A injections. Demographic data, including spinal cord lesions or congenital malformations, upper and lower urinary tract nuclear scans, evidence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and its severity, and hydronephrosis and 72 h voiding diary before and after intervention were all recorded.

Results:

The mean ± standard deviation age of participants was 9.47 ± 4.61 years. After injection, nocturia and urination frequency as general symptoms of the overactive neurogenic bladder improved ( p < 0.05). Also, the severity of hydronephrosis was decreased in 33% of patients following injection. In our study, 32 out of 35 patients had vesicoureteral reflux. Of those, there was complete resolution and downgrading of VUR in 17 (53.12%) and 13 (40.62%) respectively.

Conclusion:

In the evaluation of voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) before and after the injection, downgrading of VUR was seen in 53% of the cases. In the 99mTc-DMSA nuclear scan before and after the injection, the appearance of a new parenchymal scar and uptake reduction was not observed, which indicates the cessation of scar formation in all patients. Although Enuresis, Urgency, Frequency, Nocturia, and UUI significantly improved after injection.
Anabolic Steroid Use and Intimate Partner Violence Among Sexual Minority Men
Authors: Parent Mike C. , Johnson Nicole L.
Published: November 2022

This study examined the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), in a relationship context, among men who have sex with men (MSM). The sample was collected online via Prolific.co and consisted of 491 MSM. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. While accounting for the influence of factors known to be linked to IPV (adverse childhood experiences and alcohol use), the use of AAS in a relationship context was uniquely linked to greater perpetration of IPV. AAS use was not uniquely linked to IPV victimization. Findings from this study contribute to literature on IPV among MSM by including a group-specific risk factor (AAS use) in modeling risk for IPV. Limitations, implications, and future directions for research are discussed.
Skills narratives amongst media degree graduates and students: Discourses of hard and soft skills in education-to-work journeys
Authors: Arnold Sarah
Published: November 2022

This article focuses on media students and graduates’ subjective understanding and expression of skills acquired while undertaking an undergraduate media studies degree programme. It reports on a single undergraduate media studies programme in Ireland and draws from two questionnaires: a 2019 questionnaire of graduates who reflected on the skills developed during their education as well as their employability; and, following a subsequent skills development intervention in the media programme, a 2021 questionnaire of final-year students who undertook a newly introduced module focusing on media and non-media work, skills development and employment in Ireland. This latter questionnaire had the dual purpose of assessing whether students had benefited from this new module and, more generally, of understanding students’ perceptions of their skills and employability. This study was concerned to ascertain whether the provision of a new module that reflected on skills development through a media programme aided students’ understanding of how their knowledge and skills related to employability. Ultimately, the study found that the module was successful in developing students’ understanding of the alignment between transversal skills and employment. However, despite the intervention, students still perceived employability as related mainly to practical skills and supplemental career development activities.
Numerical analysis of aerodynamic characteristics of multi-pod hyperloop system
Authors: Mirza Muhammad Omer , Ali Zaib
Published: November 2022

The Hyperloop system is a new and innovative mode of transportation in which high-speed pods move through near-vacuum tubes. The multi-pod Hyperloop Systems are essential for increased transportation capacity. In this study, a multi-pod Hyperloop System was analyzed using numerical simulations at different values of the distance between the pods (i.e., 2 L–3.5 L). The pressure and velocity flow fields and the aerodynamic characteristics of the pods were analyzed for four different flow speeds, that is, 100, 200, 300, and 400 m/s, using unsteady compressible flow conditions. The simulation results indicated that the pressure waves generated across the pods play a significant role in the determination of the aerodynamic characteristics of the pods. Increasing the distance between the pods results in the delay of the pressure wave interaction. The aerodynamic drag increases on the first pod with the increase in the distance between the pods due to an increase in the pressure gradient. In contrast, the aerodynamic drag decreases across the second pod with the increase in the distance between them. So, the distance between the pods is a critical factor that should be considered when designing the Hyperloop System with more than one pod.
Professional dynamics of the forensic evaluation of mental states in eighteenth-century Denmark-Norway
Authors: Nissen Nanna Eva
Published: November 2022

This study examines criminal cases related to blasphemy under the absolute monarchy of Denmark-Norway, and presents the evaluation of mental states within a forensic context between 1713 and 1733. First, the article explains how the legal framework and normative guidelines for pastoral care envisaged the interplay between judges, priests and doctors in evaluating mental states. Then, an examination of selected cases is provided, showing the dynamics and the role assignment in the evaluation of mental states in practice. Covering a period characterized by a gradual differentiation of theology, law and medicine, this case study enhances understanding of what preceded the development of psychiatry as a medical speciality during the nineteenth century.
Melancholia in late life in New South Wales and Victoria, Australia, 1871–1905: symptoms, behaviours and outcomes
Authors: Draper Brian
Published: November 2022

In the late nineteenth century, the prognosis of late-life melancholia was believed to be poor. The medical casebooks of 40 patients aged 60+years, admitted to two Hospitals for the Insane in New South Wales with melancholia between 1871 and 1905, were examined. Psychosis (87.5%), depressed mood (80%), suicidal behaviour (55%), physical ill health (55%), restlessness (50%) and fears of harm to self (50%) were identified. Main outcomes were discharge (40%) and death (37.5%). Victoria’s Kew Hospital patient register for 1872–88 revealed 669 melancholia admissions with 30 aged 60+. Outcomes worsened significantly with age (chi square = 16.19, df = 4, p < 0.005), mainly due to higher mortality. Nineteenth-century late-life melancholia was a severe disorder despite many cases recovering.
Malaria therapy for general paralysis of the insane at the Sunbury Hospital for the Insane in Australia, 1925–6
Authors: Clayton Alison
Published: November 2022

This paper, drawing on the published medical literature and unpublished medical record archives, provides an in-depth account of the introduction of malaria therapy for general paralysis of the insane into Australia in 1925–6, at Victoria’s Sunbury Hospital for the Insane. This study reveals a complex and ambiguous picture of the practice and therapeutic impact of malaria therapy in this local setting. This research highlights a number of factors which may have contributed to some physicians overestimating malaria therapy’s effectiveness. It also shows that other physicians of the era held a more sceptical attitude towards malaria therapy. Finally, this paper discusses the relevance of this history to contemporary psychiatry.
Psychiatric treatment of female mental patients in the Federated Malay States (FMS) of British-Malaya, 1930–57
Authors: Yusof Haszira Muhamad , Enh Azlizan Mat
Published: November 2022

The British government in Malaya conducted treatment for women suffering mental illness in an effort to deal with the increasing number of cases in the Federated Malay States in 1930–57. This paper explores the role of mental asylums and society in contributing to methods of treatment during the twentieth century.
Bortezomib induces cellular senescence in A549 lung cancer cells by stimulating telomere shortening
Authors: Wang Lei , Yin Hang , Huang Shiren , Huang Sini , Huang Congcong , Zhang Zhao , Liu Hui
Published: November 2022

Bortezomib (BTZ) is a first-generation proteasome inhibitor with anti-tumor properties for multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. Increasing evidence has shown that BTZ exhibits toxic effects on diverse tumor cells, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. However, the mechanism has not been fully evaluated. Here, we examined the regulatory effect of BTZ on cellular senescence, a potent tumor suppressive mechanism, in NSCLC cell lines. SA-β-gal staining assay showed that BTZ caused a significant increase in β-Gal positive A549 cells. BTZ also induced cell cycle arrest on G0/G1 phase in A549 cells. Furthermore, telomerase activity was markedly reduced in A549 cells treated with BTZ. BTZ reduced the expression levels of hTERT, and the key proteins binding to telomeric DNA, including POT1 and TIN2. It also induced the expressions of the cell cycle-associated tumor suppressors p53 and p21 in A549 cells. Moreover, hTERT overexpression abolished the effects of BTZ on A549 cells. These results show that BTZ induced cellular senescence by stimulating telomere shortening. Our results provide experimental data for the potential clinical application of BTZ in NSCLC treatment.
The Experiences and Needs of Hospice Care Nurses Facing Burnout: A Scoping Review
Authors: Yu Jiaxiang , Soh Kim Lam , He Liping , Wang Pengpeng , Soh Kim Geok , Cao Yingjuan
Published: November 2022

Aim

Explore the existing literature on the experience and needs of palliative nurses facing job burnout.

Background

On a global scale, with the increase of aging, the number of people in need of palliative care has increased significantly, which has a huge impact on the professional pressure of palliative nurses. Existing literature focuses on examining palliative care from the perspective of patients, but palliative nurses also face the threats to physical and mental health caused by job burnout.

Evaluation

A systematic literature search has been carried out in the following databases as of October 2021:PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus. The Cochrane Library and Joanna Briggs Institute Library were also searched to confirm if there are any available systematic reviews on the subject. Manually searched the reference list of included papers.

Key issues

Seventeen studies were included in this review. Five key issues in the palliative care nurse’s experience: (1) psychological harm, (2) physical symptoms, (3) negative emotions, (4) Burnout caused by communication barriers, and (5) Lack of experience. Two key issues in the needs of palliative care nurses: (1) social support, and (2) training and education.

Conclusion

The pressure of facing death for a long time and controlling the symptoms of patients has a very important impact on the mental and physical health of palliative nurses. Nursing staff have needed to be satisfied, and it is essential to provide support and help relieve the pressure on palliative nurses.
Can Communication Theory Advance Research When Environmental Issues Become Wicked? The Case of Microplastics
Authors: Ballantyne Anne Gammelgaard , Péronard Jean-Paul de Cros
Published: November 2022

This commentary reviews current empirical trends focusing on microplastics in the social sciences and discusses how science communication and media research can make meaningful contributions to advancing scientific contributions on social constructions of microplastic pollution. We present our case by defining microplastics as a “wicked” environmental issue, characterized by complexity in many ways. Reviewing scientific literature on microplastics in the social sphere, we reflect on how communication and media studies can contribute relevant insights to advance the empirical knowledge base on microplastic pollution as well as strengthen the theoretical and methodological rigor in these scientific endeavors.
Effect of Occupational Health and Safety on Employee Performance in the Ghanaian Construction Sector
Authors: Segbenya Moses , Yeboah Esi
Published: November 2022

The contribution of the construction sector to the socio-economic development of Ghana cannot be underestimated. However, these benefits are not without challenges such as frequent industrial accidents and diseases leading to the loss of lives of workers and or influencing employee and organisational performance. Construction firms are therefore required to ensure workers’ health and safety at the construction sites. This study therefore explores the influence of occupational health and safety (OHS) on construction workers’ performance in Ghana. This study employed the descriptive research design from the quantitative approach, and a sample of 120 employees was drawn out of 200 workers from the sector. Means, standard deviations and multiple standard regression were used to analyse the data. The study found that OHS policies in the construction sector had a statistically significant effect on employee performance and related well with best international practices. However, the construction sector lacks regular health and safety induction, orientation and refresher courses for construction workers. Hence there were still occupational accidents and diseases affecting workers in the sector. For fear of being sacked, workers hardly report pains and injuries suffered at the construction sites. Also, construction workers felt that the high cost of training could explain why employers were not providing regular refresher training and induction training on OHS in the workplace. The study, therefore, concluded that more efforts were required from the management of construction firms than workers, as opposed to the position of Heinrich Domino’s theory, to ensure occupational safety and health in the sector. It was recommended that the management of construction companies in the sector should prioritise the health and safety of workers over the economic concern with regard to the cost of training.