bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A pattern recognition modeling approach based on the intelligent ensemble classifier: Application to identification and appraisal of water-flooded layers
Authors: Geng Zhiqiang , Hu Xuan , Ding Ning , Zhao Shanshan , Han Yongming
Published: October 2018

Since the actual chromatogram data of the water-flooded layer have characteristics of multiple dimension, complexity and noise, it is difficult to accurately identify and appraise the water-flooded layer in the oil and gas reservoirs. Therefore, this article proposes a recognition modeling approach based on the intelligent ensemble classifier, integrated model-free Bayesian classifier, the AdaBoost algorithm and the support vector machine algorithm. The effective chromatogram characteristic information can be obtained using the curve fitting method. In order to transform the sparse classification problem into a general classification problem, the synthetic minority over-sampling technique algorithm is used to process an unbalanced training sample as a general training sample. Moreover, the model-free Bayesian classifier, AdaBoost and support vector machine algorithms are used as the base classifiers to train the ensemble classification model. Compared to the traditional single classification approach, the robustness and the effectiveness of the ensemble classifier model are validated through the standard data source from the UCI (University of California at Irvine) repository. Finally, the proposed model is applied in the identification and appraisal of the water-flooded layers in a complex oil and gas recognition system. The chromatogram characteristic information and the prediction results are obtained to provide more reliable water-flooded layer information, guide the process of reservoir exploration and improve the oil development efficiency.
Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating (SHD) performed on periglacial and related landforms in Opplendskedalen, Geirangerfjellet, Norway: Implications for mid- and late-Holocene climate variability
Authors: Marr Philipp , Winkler Stefan , Löffler Jörg
Published: October 2018

Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating (SHD) was applied to a variety of boulder-dominated periglacial landforms in an attempt to establish a local mid-/late-Holocene chronology for the Geirangerfjellet in South Norway. Landform ages were obtained by application of a local calibration curve for Schmidt hammer R-values based on young and old control points comprising fresh road cuts and a bedrock surface in proximity to the study area, respectively. The area was deglaciated ~11.5 ka ago according to independent age information. Investigation of age, formation and stabilization of the periglacial landforms and processes involved allowed assessment of the underlying Holocene climate variability and its relationship to landform evolution. Our SHD ages range from 7.47 ± 0.73 ka for glacially abraded bedrock at the valley bottom to 2.22 ± 0.49 ka for surface boulders of a rock-slope failure. All landforms shared negative skewness and largely have narrow tailed frequency distributions of their R-values. This points to either substantial reworking of the boulders within a landform or continuous debris supply. Our results show that most landforms stabilized during the Holocene Thermal Maximum (~8.0–5.0 ka). The findings do not support the hypothesis that rock-slope failures predominately occur shortly after local deglaciation. Instead, it appears that they cluster during warm periods due to climate-driven factors, for example, decreasing permafrost depth or increasing cleft-water pressure leading to slope instabilities. Periglacial boulder-dominated landforms in the western maritime fjord region seem to react sensitively to Holocene climate variability and may constitute valuable but to date mostly unexplored sources of palaeoclimatic information.
Holocene evolution of a barrier island system, Ria Formosa, South Portugal
Authors: Sousa Carlos , Boski Tomasz , Pereira Laura
Published: October 2018

Holocene evolution of the Ria Formosa barrier island system was studied through the examination of a large subsurface dataset acquired from 191 boreholes and five seismic refraction profiles. Two boreholes with total depths of 26 and 16.5 m were selected for a multi-proxy detailed laboratory analysis, including mean grain size distribution, organic matter (OM) content, color variation, shell identification, and benthic foraminifera assemblages. Selected cores are thought to be representative of the identified depositional sub-basins. Subsurface age data from 16 AMS 14C dated samples were plotted against depth and resulted in a coherent age model of sedimentary infill. The system evolution was largely controlled by sediment availability, accommodation space, and Holocene sea level rise, first at a rapid rate of 7 mm/yr from 10 kcal yr BP to 7.25 kcal yr BP, followed by a slowdown to 1.1 mm/yr until present. A conceptual model for the origin and Holocene evolution of the Ria Formosa barrier island system implies three main steps, leading to the present system geomorphology: (1) marine flooding of incised palaeovalleys by the rapid transgression of palaeovalleys in the early Holocene; (2) development of a proto-barrier island chain perched on Pleistocene detritic headlands and steeper interfluve areas during the early to middle Holocene; and (3) full development of the barrier islands chain and enclosing of the coastal lagoon, followed by the maturation of the system with subsequent siltation and salt marsh expansion from the middle Holocene until present. The onset of barrier system formation dates back to ca. 8 kcal yr BP, predating previously proposed age.
Changes in vegetation, climate and snowfall regime since the late Pleistocene in a snowy mountainous region of central Japan
Authors: Yonebayashi Chuh
Published: October 2018

Although the most crucial factor shaping vegetation history is temperature, snowfall regime is also important in regions of heavy snow. Pollen analysis in a mire in a snowy mountainous region of central Japan revealed histories of vegetation and precipitation regimes since the latest Pleistocene. The abundance of pinaceous pollen during the latest Pleistocene indicates a subalpine regional coniferous forest and cooler conditions; moreover, sandy sediment and significant occurrence of pollen from Artemisia along with several alpine elements suggest local plant communities of poor vegetation cover in an erosive environment. The increase in Betula and Quercus subgen. Lepidobalanus pollen and the decline in pinaceous pollen in 13,550 cal. yr BP indicates climatic amelioration favourable to temperate trees, and the invasion of sedges and Reynoutria to the small basin and the onset of peat deposition suggest an increase in summer rain. The increase in Fagus crenata pollen after 11,130 cal. yr BP and onwards indicates that the present heavy snowfall regime induced by inflow of the Tsushima Current has been established since that age. The climatic amelioration delayed establishment of the heavy snowfall regime for more than 2400 years. In addition, the retreat of sedges and subsequent invasion of several species of drier habitat after 11,130 cal. yr BP indicate a drier mire condition caused by increased summer temperatures. The recovery of sedges after 3740 cal. yr BP indicates the wettest mire conditions induced by climatic deterioration. A general increasing tendency of conifers in this period supports this interpretation.
Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in a Patient with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Kabataş Serdar , Civelek Erdinç , İnci Çiğdem , Yalçınkaya Ebru Yılmaz , Günel Gülşen , Kır Gülay , Albayrak Esra , Öztürk Erek , Adaş Gökhan , Karaöz Erdal
Published: October 2018

Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) have been introduced as a possible therapy in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). We report a 16-year-old boy who was treated with WJ-MSCs in the course of HIE due to post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation. He received a long period of mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy with spastic quadriparesis. He underwent the intrathecal (1×106/kg in 3 mL), intramuscular (1×106/kg in 20 mL) and intravenous (1×106/kg in 30 mL) administrations of WJ-MSCs for each application route (twice a month for 2 months). After stem cell infusions, progressive improvements were shown in his neurological examination, neuroradiological, and neurophysiological findings. To our best knowledge, this is a pioneer project to clinically study the neural repair effect of WJ-MSCs in a patient with HIE.
Adipose-derived Stem/Stromal Cells on Electrospun Fibrin Microfiber Bundles Enable Moderate Muscle Reconstruction in a Volumetric Muscle Loss Model
Authors: Gilbert-Honick Jordana , Ginn Brian , Zhang Yuanfan , Salehi Sara , Wagner Kathryn R. , Mao Hai-Quan , Grayson Warren L.
Published: October 2018

Current treatment options for volumetric muscle loss (VML) are limited due to donor site morbidity, lack of donor tissue, and insufficient functional recovery. Tissue-engineered skeletal muscle grafts offer the potential to significantly improve functional outcomes. In this study, we assessed the potential pro-myogenic effects of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) seeded onto electrospun uniaxially aligned fibrin hydrogel microfiber bundles. Although both uninduced and 5-azacytidine-induced ASCs exhibited alignment, elongation, and diffuse muscle marker expression when grown on microfiber bundles for 2 months in vitro, both groups failed to fully recapitulate myotube characteristics. To assess the muscle regeneration potential of ASCs in vivo, ASC-seeded fibrin microfiber bundles were implanted in a robust murine VML defect model. Minimal fibrosis was observed surrounding implanted acellular hydrogel fibers at 2 and 4 weeks, and fibers seeded with ASCs exhibited up to 4 times higher volume retention than acellular fibers. We observed increased numbers of cells positive for the regenerating muscle marker embryonic myosin and the mature muscle marker myosin heavy chain in ASC-seeded fibers compared with acellular fibers at 1 and 3 months post-transplantation. Regenerating muscle cells were closely associated with ASC-derived cells and in some cases had potentially fused with them. These findings demonstrate that despite failing to undergo myogenesis in vitro, ASCs combined with electrospun fibrin microfibers moderately increased muscle reconstruction in vivo compared with acellular fibers following a severe VML defect.
Pattern-based formulation: clinical case 5
Authors: Fernando Irosh , Rajasuriya Mahesh , Lampe Lisa
Published: October 2018

Objective:

To demonstrate how the Pattern-based Formulation can be used to integrate biological, psychological and sociocultural factors in constructing the case formulation in a patient who developed schizophrenia and post-psychotic depression.

Conclusions:

Three new patterns are introduced and used to construct a comprehensive case formulation. This expands the suite of patterns in the pattern-based method of psychiatric case formulation, and further demonstrates its broad utility as an educational resource in psychiatry training.
The Fear of Dying: A Case Study Using the SPIKES Protocol
Authors: Carver Courtney
Published: October 2018

The SPIKES protocol will be discussed in the context of working with a patient who was referred to palliative care in the hospital setting. Palliative care is complex because it is not only medical care but also emotional and spiritual care. Those working in palliative care often explain a diagnosis to the patient, both what the diagnosis is and what it likely means for the future. The SPIKES protocol, a conversational tool for delivering bad news, has applications for social workers. This case study will tell the story of a patient whose fear of death almost cost him the ability to live fully at the end of his life and how the SPIKES tool was implemented in helping this patient understand and come to terms with his diagnosis.
Exploratory Research Focusing on Oral Cancer Prevention: Challenges of Dealing With Informational and Cognitive Barriers
Authors: Baumann Eva , Scherer Helmut , Link Elena , Wiltfang Jörg , Wenz Hans-Jürgen , Koller Michael , Hertrampf Katrin
Published: October 2018

Oral cancer is a considerable public health problem, and a low level of awareness and knowledge about this tumor and its risk factors is prevalent. To gain a profound understanding of risks groups and to identify suitable communication strategies for a prevention campaign in Northern Germany, an exploratory research was realized. In semistructured face-to-face interviews, the participants of the study ( n = 28) described their individual oral cancer-related perceptions and information-seeking behaviors. A computer-assisted qualitative data analysis showed a vague but also deterring picture of cancer combined with restricted attitudes toward the topic and an inactive or even avoiding information behavior. Four underlying cognitive patterns of self-distancing were identified: (a) optimistic bias, (b) fatalism, (c) hedonism, and (d) pragmatism. The main challenge of oral cancer prevention is to deal with the target groups’ informational and cognitive barriers.
Individuals With the Rare Disease Pemphigus: A Quest for Diagnostic
Authors: Le Hénaff Yannick , Héas Stéphane , Joly Pascal
Published: October 2018

This qualitative study conducted in France of “individuals living with a pemphigus” (ILPs; N = 54) highlights the taxing diagnostic trajectory of those suffering from these rare autoimmune diseases. Beyond enduring a diagnostic period that may prove long, during their numerous medical appointments, these individuals internalize the expectations of the medical professionals who are treating them. In some cases, numerous inconclusive medical tests and, at times, a doctor’s condescension may push the patient toward a process of renunciation. This article relates the ILPs’ critiques of the medical work conducted during the trying diagnostic period.
Resourcefulness
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Theisen Anastasia , Seo Chanran , Sibley D. Scott
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the current state of studying resourcefulness among children and families and to propose future research directions. Five domains of studying resourcefulness were discussed in this article; these domains are positive outcomes of being resourceful on family members, definition of resourcefulness, assessments of resourcefulness, factors contributing to children’s resourcefulness, and the programs aimed at increasing resourcefulness. By reviewing findings of the existing studies, this article revealed that resourcefulness is a multifaceted concept that has caused variations in the definitions/emphases from different scholars and the various existing scales testing different facets of the concept. While most of the studies focused on family members, none of them discussed the value of family resourcefulness in their studies. Research findings suggest that both environmental influences and personal characteristics contribute to children’s resourcefulness, which either directly or inexplicitly reflect the notions of family systems theory. Several resourcefulness intervention programs were identified, but these programs were mainly focused on children and socioeconomically disadvantaged families and all serve different purposes. We propose to generate matched programs for either parents or kids to enhance the outcome of these programs in the family settings. Future studies on consolidating the various definitions, scales, and programs on resourcefulness and family resourcefulness, as well as expanding understandings of the internal and external influences that contribute to a family’s resourcefulness from the systemic perspective are needed.
Observer-based H∞ finite-time controller for time-delay nonlinear one-sided Lipschitz systems with exogenous disturbances
Authors: Gholami Hadi , Binazadeh Tahereh
Published: October 2018

This paper is concerned with a robust observer-based control of nonlinear one-sided Lipschitz systems in the presence of time delay, model uncertainties, and unknown energy-bounded exogenous disturbances. In this regard, firstly, an appropriate observer is designed and then a controller is achieved based on estimated state variables. Considering dynamical equations of the system together with dynamical equations of the observer error, the sufficient conditions are given for robust finite-time boundedness of the closed-loop system and satisfying the H∞ performance index. In this regard, a theorem is given and the sufficient conditions are derived in terms of feasibility testing of given linear matrix inequalities by selecting an appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional. Finally, computer simulations are performed for two examples to show the efficiency and applicability of the proposed controller.
Using Social Network Analysis to Identify Successful Relationship Patterns Within Sexual Assault Response Teams (SARTs)
Authors: Greeson Megan R. , Watling Neal Jennifer , Campbell Rebecca
Published: October 2018

The current study used social network analysis (SNA) to examine relationships within three effective Sexual Assault Response Teams (SARTs) that coordinate the response of legal, medical, and advocacy organizations to sexual assault. Within each SART, organizations reported on each other member organization valuing their role, serving as a resource to their work, and communication outside of official meetings. Across the SARTs, there was high connectedness and reciprocity and low to moderate dependence on one organization to drive relationships. However, there was dependence on a subgroup of organizations to drive additional communication relationships. Implications for managing relationships in SARTs are discussed.
Media Use, Sleep Quality, and ADHD Symptoms in a Community Sample and a Sample of ADHD Patients Aged 8 to 18 Years
Authors: Thoma Vanessa K. , Schulz-Zhecheva Yoanna , Oser Christoph , Fleischhaker Christian , Biscaldi Monica , Klein Christoph
Published: October 2018

Objective: Relationships between sleep, screen-based media, and ADHD symptomatology were investigated using a case- and community-based approach. Method: N = 357 healthy and N = 61 children with ADHD (12.72 ± 2.83 years) completed a sleep and media questionnaire. To measure ADHD symptomatology, parents filled out the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD symptoms and Normal behavior (SWAN) scale. Two samples were formed: a matched ( N = 61 patients and N = 61 controls) and a community sample ( N = 357 healthy participants and N = 20 patients). Results: Compared with controls, participants with ADHD reported delayed sleep onset and more screen time on school days. Adolescent patients showed more behavior promoting delayed sleep phase. In the community sample, media time, sleep deviation, and circadian rhythm were correlated with ADHD symptomatology. Furthermore, media time, sleep-wake behavior, and sleep deviation were predictive of ADHD symptomatology (variance explained = 4%-15%). Conclusion: Longer media time and inadequate sleep-wake behavior increase the risk of ADHD-like symptoms. However, research using objective assessments is needed to disentangle this distinct association and to provide possible directions for intervention.
The Relationship Between Executive Function Deficits and DSM-5-Defined ADHD Symptoms
Authors: Silverstein Michael J. , Faraone Stephen V. , Leon Terry L. , Biederman Joseph , Spencer Thomas J. , Adler Lenard A.
Published: October 2018

Objectives: To identify the relationship between the core Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) ADHD symptoms and executive function deficits (EFDs), to evaluate ADHD characteristics of those with executive dysfunction (ED), and to examine the predictive utility of the Adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale (AISRS) in identifying those with adult ADHD and ED. Method: Two samples (referred and primary care practice) were pooled together for present analysis. Results: Final analysis included 297 respondents, 171 with adult ADHD. Spearman correlation coefficients and binary logistic regressions demonstrated that ADHD inattentive (IA) and hyperactive-impulsive (H-I) symptoms were moderately to strongly correlated with and highly predictive of EFDs. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that an AISRS DSM 18-item score of ⩾ 28 was most predictive of clinical ED. Conclusion: ADHD symptoms were strongly correlated with and predictive of EFDs, clinicians should screen adults with ADHD for EFDs and ADHD treatment providers should track EFD improvement in addition to DSM-5 ADHD symptoms.
Succinate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor With SDHC Germline Mutation and Bilateral Renal and Neck Cysts
Authors: Stanley Kaitlin , Friehling Erika , Davis Amy , Ranganathan Sarangarajan
Published: October 2018

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare in children. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-deficient GISTs are wild type and lack KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase and platelet-derived growth factor receptor A ( KIT or PDGFRA) mutations. These tumors result from germline SDH mutations, somatic SDH mutations, or SDH epimutants. Germline mutations in SDH genes ( SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, or SDHD) suggest Carney–Stratakis syndrome, a paraganglioma syndrome with predisposition for GIST. Negative immunohistochemistry for SDHB indicates dysfunction of the mitochondrial complex regardless of the subunit affected. We present an adolescent male with an SDH-deficient GIST and SDHC germline mutation who developed bilateral renal cysts and neck cysts, not previously described in children with this mutation. Germline testing is critical when SDH mutations are discovered due to treatment and surveillance implications. Further investigations are necessary to fully define the phenotypic expression of this mutation.
Recommendations for cognitive screening and management in multiple sclerosis care
Authors: Kalb Rosalind , Beier Meghan , Benedict Ralph HB , Charvet Leigh , Costello Kathleen , Feinstein Anthony , Gingold Jeffrey , Goverover Yael , Halper June , Harris Colleen , Kostich Lori , Krupp Lauren , Lathi Ellen , LaRocca Nicholas , Thrower Ben , DeLuca John
Published: October 2018

Purpose:

To promote understanding of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS), recommend optimal screening, monitoring, and treatment strategies, and address barriers to optimal management.

Methods:

The National MS Society (“Society”) convened experts in cognitive dysfunction (clinicians, researchers, and lay people with MS) to review the published literature, reach consensus on optimal strategies for screening, monitoring, and treating cognitive changes, and propose strategies to address barriers to optimal care.

Recommendations:

Based on current evidence, the Society makes the following recommendations, endorsed by the Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers and the International Multiple Sclerosis Cognition Society: Increased professional and patient awareness/education about the prevalence, impact, and appropriate management of cognitive symptoms. For adults and children (8+ years of age) with clinical or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of neurologic damage consistent with MS: As a minimum, early baseline screening with the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) or similarly validated test, when the patient is clinically stable; Annual re-assessment with the same instrument, or more often as needed to (1) detect acute disease activity; (2) assess for treatment effects (e.g. starting/changing a disease-modifying therapy) or for relapse recovery; (3) evaluate progression of cognitive impairment; and/or (4) screen for new-onset cognitive problems. For adults (18+ years): more comprehensive assessment for anyone who tests positive on initial cognitive screening or demonstrates significant cognitive decline, especially if there are concerns about comorbidities or the individual is applying for disability due to cognitive impairment. For children (<18 years): neuropsychological evaluation for any unexplained change in school functioning (academic or behavioral). Remedial interventions/accommodations for adults and children to improve functioning at home, work, or school.
Rethinking democratic evaluation for a polarised and mediatised society
Authors: Hanberger Anders
Published: October 2018

This article discusses how democratic evaluation can manage threats to democracy, democratic renewal, and the mediatisation of public policy and governance. It considers the readiness of five democratic evaluation orientations to deal with current threats and discusses how to develop them. It demonstrates that democratic evaluation is poorly prepared to manage current threats to democracy or the mediatisation of public policy. Progressive evaluation is the only approach offering some new keys to addressing certain current threats and challenges. The other orientations have some capacity to manage threats to democracy and support democratic renewal, but need further development. The article suggests that democratic evaluation could be a constructive tool for maintaining and developing democracy in an increasingly polarised and mediatised society if evaluators gain knowledge of threats to democracy, democratic transition, and democratic renewal and, informed by mediatisation and democracy research, develop the necessary awareness and competence to deal with these challenges.
Evaluation in an emerging field: Developing a measurement framework for the field of counter-violent-extremism
Authors: Baruch Ben , Ling Tom , Warnes Rich , Hofman Joanna
Published: October 2018

Despite previous research, the field of counter-violent-extremism has not benefited significantly from evaluation. By comparison, and despite a number of challenges, the evidence-based healthcare movement has an established track record of using evaluation to develop practice. We seek lessons from the evidence-based healthcare movement about what it might take to develop evaluation capacity in the emerging field of counter-violent-extremism. Based on this, we offer a framework for measurement in counter-violent-extremism: the ‘Violent Extremism Evaluation Measurement Framework’. We map out states and manifestations associated with violent extremism and radicalisation, then suggest how to measure levels and changes in relevant attributes.
The effectiveness of guided inductive instruction and deductive instruction on semantic radical development in Chinese character processing
Authors: Lai Chun , Qi Xuedan , Lü Chan , Lyu Boning
Published: October 2018

This study compared the effectiveness of deductive instruction and guided inductive instruction for developing semantic radical knowledge of Chinese characters. The evaluation was conducted through a quasi-experimental 3-week intervention involving 46 intermediate learners of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL). The results indicated that guided inductive instruction generated significantly greater gains in learners’ use of radical information for radical form-meaning mapping and for Chinese character recognition and inferencing. This study further found that the effectiveness of inductive instruction in strengthening radical form-meaning mapping varied for semantic radicals of different complexity levels. These findings suggest that instructors should apply guided induction in teaching semantic radicals, but also be flexible in varying instruction in response to the complexity of semantic radicals. The findings suggest that the inductive-deductive nature of instruction and the complexity of semantic radicals are important variables to consider in future research on the learning and instruction of Chinese characters.
Killing Kaplanism: Flawed methodologies, the standard of proof and modernity
Authors: Cullerne Bown William
Published: October 2018

Attempts to establish a quantitative framework for policy-making in the criminal justice system in recent decades have coalesced around the problem of the standard of proof and Kaplan’s influential 1968 paper. The central thread of work continues to use an equation he put forward while abandoning some of his foundational assumptions, an approach I call ‘Kaplanism’. Despite a growing awareness of deficiencies, elements of this school of thought, such as the parsing of concerns into the two categories of ‘error reduction’ and ‘error distribution’, have entered the general jurisprudential discourse. Here I launch a methodological attack and claim to kill this approach. This allows me to refute Laudan and other ‘consequentialist’ approaches to the standard identified by Walen, Walen’s own approach and an important part of Stein’s underpinnings. The same tools allow me to also refute Laudan’s earlier m/n meta-epistemology, Lippke’s ‘adage’, Stewart’s formalisation of Dworkin, Dahlman’s Bayesian work and (at least in criminal law) Kaplow’s law and economics approach. I also refute Hamer’s ‘conventional rationale’ for the current standard, Lillquist’s approach to the same and what Epps reports as ‘the Blackstone principle’. The law is left with no epistemic basis for policies, which, I argue, leaves it struggling for public trust in the modern era.
Tapes, transcripts and trials
Authors: Haworth Kate
Published: October 2018

This article addresses a serious, but currently unacknowledged, problem of evidential consistency regarding police-suspect interview evidence. It sheds light on flaws in current criminal procedure through the lens of linguistics, focusing on key stages of currently accepted practice which fly in the face of what linguists have long known about language. It demonstrates that, in stark contrast to the strict principles of preservation applied to physical evidence, interview data go through significant transformation between their creation in the interview room and their presentation in the courtroom, especially through changes in format between written and spoken text. It argues that, despite the safeguards provided by PACE 1984, there is nonetheless a level of routine distortion and contamination unintentionally built into the current system of presenting police interviews as evidence in England and Wales.
Socioeconomic inequalities in health during the Great Recession: A scoping review of the research literature
Authors: Heggebø Kristian , Tøge Anne Grete , Dahl Espen , Berg John Erik
Published: October 2018

Aims: The so-called ‘Great Recession’ in Europe triggered widespread concerns about population health, as reflected by an upsurge in empirical research on the health impacts of the economic crisis. A growing body of empirical studies has also been devoted to socioeconomic inequalities in health during the Great Recession. The aim of the current study is to summarise this health inequality literature by means of a scoping review. Methods: We have performed a scoping review of the research literature (English language) published in the years 2012–2017. Only empirical papers with (a) health status measured on the individual level, (b) information on socioeconomic position (i.e. employment status, educational level, income/wealth, and/or occupational class), and (c) data from European countries in both pre- and post-crisis years were considered relevant. In total, 49 empirical studies fulfilled these inclusion criteria. Results: The empirical findings in the 49 included studies predominantly show that socioeconomic inequalities in health either increased or remained stable from pre- to post-crisis years. Two-thirds (65%) of the studies found evidence of either increasing or partially increasing health inequalities. Thus, people in lower socioeconomic strata fared worse overall in terms of health during the Great Recession, compared to people with higher socioeconomic status. Conclusions: The Great Recession in Europe tends to be followed by increasing socioeconomic inequalities in health. Policymakers should take note of this finding. Widening socioeconomic inequalities in health is a major cause of concern, in particular if health deterioration among ‘vulnerable groups’ is caused by accelerating cumulative disadvantages.
Precarious work and the risk of receiving a disability pension
Authors: Ojala Satu , Pyöriä Pasi
Published: October 2018

Aims: Precarious employment is an emerging determinant of occupational health, but its association with work-related disability remains little understood. We operationalised precarious work as a multidimensional construct and examined how the accumulation of precarious job features predicts the incidence of receiving a disability pension (DP). Methods: The study comprised 13,228 employees aged 20–54 who had been interviewed for the Finnish Quality of Work Life Surveys in 1984, 1990, 1997, or 2003. We measured precarious work with five variables that reflect both subjective and objective job insecurity: the threat of dismissal/unemployment; poor employability; low earnings; previous unemployment; and temporary contract. An eight-year follow-up was merged with the pooled cross-sectional data, and Cox proportional hazard ratios (HR) for receiving a DP were compared between the insecurity measures, controlling for sociodemographic covariates, job characteristics and health at the baseline with a step-wise procedure. Results: Precarious employees had an elevated risk of receiving a DP (all covariates adjusted for). The risk of receiving a DP was associated with subjective job insecurity, with the strongest indicator being poor employability. The association between the threat of unemployment and receiving a DP was weak before controlling for health. Among objective insecurity measures, low earnings and earlier unemployment were weakly connected to receiving a DP before controlling for sociodemographic covariates, job characteristics and health. Conclusions: We recommend the evaluation of several precarious job features in future studies. The risk of receiving a DP could potentially be offset by improving individuals’ employability.
Reconceptualising prosumption beyond the ‘cultural turn’: Passive fashion prosumption in Korea and China
Authors: Tse Tommy , Tsang Ling Tung
Published: October 2018

While the processes of production and consumption are increasingly interrelated in society, there is a bourgeoning literature on consumers’ increased power through the prosumption process and its evolutions and manifestations in various industries, markets and social contexts. This article challenges the theoretical assumption that all types of ‘prosumers’ become directly empowered by digital technology or have an equal opportunity to participate in the production process through Web 2.0. By extending Ritzer’s reconceptualised idea of prosumption beyond the Global North, our research analysed two specific East Asian cases of fashion consumers whose countries shared rapidly rising economic status and cultural significance yet underwent different sociocultural trajectories. Using focus group interview, we investigated how these consumers interact differentially with the existing social structure, cultural values and other emergent social agents, and the extent to which they are able to exert an influence on the production of immaterial fashion. Contesting the expressivist take of the ‘cultural turn’ which overemphasises consumers’ awareness of and control over symbolic fashion, this article’s major theoretical contribution relates to symbolic consumption in the case of fashion – as a unique case blending material, immaterial and symbolic consumption – among young Chinese and Korean consumers geographically located out of the global fashion centres. We explored prosumption’s vicissitudes and limits as a theoretical concept, challenging its universality across different cultures, political-economic models and product categories, also demonstrating the multifaceted relationships and dissimilar types of power balances between production/producer and consumption/consumer. The study concluded with the new and differing orders of fashion consumption in Korea and China: the recognition of the overlapping effects of economic, sociocultural, habitual and technological factors which constitute different levels of empowerment and create different types of ‘prosumers’, including ‘elite prosumers’ and ‘passive prosumers’; and the power reshuffling among fashion producers, emergent social agents and consumers in the digital age.
A tale of two squares: spatial iconization of the Al Tahrir and Rabaa protests
Authors: Fawzy Rania Magdi
Published: October 2018

Both Al Tahrir and Rabaa Squares have a significant iconized value especially after being involved as places in which to stage protests. Since, protests and revolts take place in public spaces, the visualization of these spaces reveals much about the representation and circulation of the protesters’ ideologies, trends and attitudes. This article explores the role of visual representations in the production of protest urban spaces. In so doing, the visual spatiality of the Al Tahrir protest and Rabaa camp, as presented in Getty Images’ online news gallery, are considered through a spatial semiotic lens. In this regard, the article draws upon tools for the analysis of semiotic resources in spatial texts, concepts of spatial semiotics (Stenglin, 2004, 2009, 2011) and spatial engagement (McMurtrie, 2012). These tools are employed to reveal the representational dimension of space (Lefebvre, 1991). The intersection between the spatial practices and representational space, as mediated by the visual medium, is then underlined.
Short-term Outcome of Straight vs Tapered Carotid Stenting for Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: A Prospective Study
Authors: Liu Jianlin , Han Jianfeng , Yang Lin , Li Yanzi
Published: October 2018

Purpose: To investigate the short-term outcomes and complications of straight vs tapered carotid stent placement for patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis. Methods: A prospective study was conducted to examine if tapered carotid stents (TCS) performed better than straight carotid stents (SCS) in terms of complications and outcomes in patients with a unilateral, symptomatic, internal carotid artery stenosis ⩾70%. Between January 2014 and January 2016, 236 patients were screened; 88 were excluded, leaving 148 patients for 1:1 randomization to carotid artery stenting with either SCS or TCS. The data were analyzed for differences between the groups in terms of complications (hemodynamic depression, cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome, puncture site sequelae) and endpoint events (stroke, myocardial infarction, and death) at 30 days and 6 months. Results: Two patients in the TCS group underwent endarterectomy after allocation, leaving 72 patients (mean age 65.1±8.8 years; 59 men) in the TCS group for analysis vs 74 (mean age 65.0±7.9 years; 58 men) in the SCS group. The technical success was 100% in both groups. The incidence of hemodynamic depression (hypotension and bradycardia) after the procedures were higher in the SCS group (p=0.04), and the patients who underwent SCS procedures had longer hospital stays (p=0.01). There was no difference in the incidences of complications, myocardial infarction, mortality, or stroke at 30 days or 6 months between the SCS and TCS groups. The rates of restenosis (4% SCS vs 1% TCS) were similar (p=0.63); all restenoses were moderate (50%–70%). Conclusion: When compared to straight stents, tapered carotid stents significantly decreased hemodynamic complications and hospital stay.
Endovascular Treatment of Simultaneous Iliac and Superficial Femoral Arterial Pseudoaneurysms After Stenting Procedure Complications
Authors: Cangiano Gianluca , Corvino Fabio , Giurazza Francesco , Silvestre Mattia , Amodio Francesco , Corvino Antonio , Niola Raffaella
Published: October 2018

Purpose:

To report on the endovascular management of a patient affected by concomitant left common iliac artery and right superficial femoral artery (SFA) pseudoaneurysms after stent positioning.

Case Report:

A 77-year-old man affected by severe lower limb atherosclerosis was previously treated with iliac and femoropopliteal Supera stenting procedures; he presented to our emergency department because of bilateral severe claudication recurrence, back pain, and right groin region swelling. Angio-computed tomography (CT) depicted 2 pseudoaneurysms of the left common iliac artery and right SFA, due to stent fracture and stent intussusception, respectively. A 2-step endovascular treatment was planned using bilaterally covered stent-grafts to exclude vascular lesions from blood flow. The devices were successfully deployed without any complication. At 1 month, angio-CT confirmed patency of the implanted stent-grafts showing complete pseudoaneurysm exclusion without leaks.

Conclusion:

Endovascular approach can be a valid option in the treatment of pseudoaneurysms due to stenting procedure complications.
BM’ing, Throwing, Bug Exploiting, and Other Forms of (Un)Sportsmanlike Behavior in CS:GO Esports
Authors: Irwin Sidney V. , Naweed Anjum
Published: October 2018

Operational rules and “hacking” detection is implemented across online professional competitive gaming contexts in effort to thwart manipulation and encourage fair play. Violation of “unwritten” rules and implicit local norms, however, are harder to track. Using boundary-work theory, this article demonstrates how different perspectives of unsportsmanlike behavior are defended and disputed by spectators within the esports mode of Counter Strike: Global Offensive (CS:GO). Triangulating data drawn from 50 hr of online observation followed by spectator interviews, this article examines how boundaries of (un)acceptability are drawn and/or redrawn around specific and ostensibly unsportsmanlike behaviors associated with “bad mannering,” “throwing,” and “bug exploiting” in CS:GO. These broad spectra of behavior imply a degree of complexity in local esport gaming contexts, engendering a protean boundary that sets it apart from more traditional views of sportsmanship and would benefit from further critical scholarship.
Numerical modelling of a passive scalar transport from thermal power plants to air environment
Authors: Issakhov Alibek , Baitureyeva Aiymzhan R
Published: October 2018

The number of thermal power plants is growing due to the industry development and the growth of energy consumption. This leads to an increase in harmful emissions in the atmosphere. There is a necessity to control the emission concentration level in the areas of power plants location. The aim of this work was to study the level of pollution concentration at different distances from the source. The mathematical model and the numerical algorithm were verified by solving test problems and comparing them with the experimental data and numerical results of other authors. Furthermore, the pollution distribution in three-dimensional case was investigated in a real physical scale. CO2 was considered as polluting gas. As a real example, the Ekibastuz SDPP-1 coal-fired thermal power plant was simulated. The remarkable feature of this thermal power plant is that the pollution emits from two chimneys of different heights (330 and 300 m). The results showed that due to the difference between chimney heights (30 m), the pollution concentration from the higher chimney dropped far away from source, than from the lower one (2160 and 1970 m, respectively). Obviously, building higher chimneys helps to reduce the harmful impact of emissions on the environment. Also, it can be used to control the emissions level at already existing power plants.
A third HSAN5 mutation disrupts the nerve growth factor furin cleavage site
Authors: Shaikh Samiha S , Nahorski Michael S , Woods C Geoffrey
Published: October 2018

Bi-allelic dysfunctional mutations in nerve growth factor (NGF) cause the rare human phenotype hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 5 (HSAN5). We describe a novel NGF mutation in an individual with typical HSAN5 findings. The mutation c.361C>T, p.R121W is at the last residue of the furin cleavage motif Arg-Ser-Lys-Arg in proNGF. We show that the p.R121W mutation completely abolishes the formation of mature NGF-β. Surprisingly, mutant p.R121W cells produced very little proNGF. Instead, the two progressive cleavage products of proNGF were produced, proA-NGF and proB-NGF, with proB-NGF being the predominant NGF-derived peptide and the only peptide secreted by mutant p.R121W cells. We found that the ability of the p.R121W mutation to cause tropomyosin receptor kinase A autophosphorylation and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation was significantly reduced compared to controls (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). By studying the PC12 cell line morphology and neurite length over a week, we found the p.R121W mutation had residual, but much reduced, neurotrophic activity when compared to wild-type NGF. Finally, we assessed whether the p.R121W mutation affected apoptosis and found a reduced protective effect compared to wild-type NGF. Our results suggest that the p.R121W NGF mutation causes HSAN5 through negating the ability of furin to cleave proNGF to produce NGF-β.
A Neuroeconomic Framework for Creative Cognition
Authors: Lin Hause , Vartanian Oshin
Published: October 2018

Neuroeconomics is the study of the neurobiological bases of subjective preferences and choices. We present a novel framework that synthesizes findings from the literatures on neuroeconomics and creativity to provide a neurobiological description of creative cognition. We propose that value-based decision-making processes and activity in the locus ceruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) neuromodulatory system underlie creative cognition, as well as the large-scale brain network dynamics shown to be associated with creativity. This reconceptualization leads to several falsifiable hypotheses that can further understanding of creativity, decision making, and brain network dynamics.
Systematic review of organizational models for intra-arterial treatment of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Ciccone Alfonso , Berge Eivind , Fischer Urs
Published: October 2018

Background

Intra-arterial treatment of acute ischemic stroke requires changes to acute stroke services since most hospitals do not have on-site intra-arterial treatment facilities.

Aim

To identify models for delivery of intra-arterial treatment and to compare process performance and clinical and radiological outcomes of the different models.

Methods

We systematically searched the literature and contacted experts in the field. We performed a qualitative synthesis to identify models, and a quantitative review and meta-analysis of clinical and radiological outcomes under different organizational models.

Summary of review

The searches retrieved 148 publications, of which 27 were used for the identification and description of models, and 9 for the comparison of the different models. We identified four main models: the mother-ship, drip-and ship, mobile interventionist, and mobile stroke unit models. There were no randomized-controlled trials of the different models, but non-randomized comparisons were possible using data from 8 observational studies and 1 randomized-controlled trial of intra-arterial therapy, of a total of 4127 patients. Comparison between the mother-ship and drip-and-ship models showed no difference in survival (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.63–1.03), favorable functional outcome (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.73–1.25), or arterial patency (OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.73–1.08).

Conclusions

Different organizational models exist for intra-arterial treatment of acute ischemic stroke, but there is insufficient evidence to recommend a particular, universal model. Until one model can be shown to be superior, the choice of model should depend on local factors and patient characteristics.