bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clever little tricks: A socio-technical history of text-to-image generative models
Authors: Steinfeld Kyle
Published: July 2023

The emergence of text-to-image generative models (e.g., Midjourney, DALL-E 2, Stable Diffusion) in the summer of 2022 impacted architectural visual culture suddenly, severely, and seemingly out of nowhere. To contextualize this phenomenon, this text offers a socio-technical history of text-to-image generative systems. Three moments in time, or “scenes,” are presented here: the first at the advent of AI in the middle of the last century; the second at the “reawakening” of a specific approach to machine learning at the turn of this century; the third that documents a rapid sequence of innovations, dubbed “clever little tricks,” that occurred across just 18 months. This final scene is the crux, and represents the first formal documentation of the recent history of a specific set of informal innovations. These innovations were produced by non-affiliated researchers and communities of creative contributors, and directly led to the technologies that so compellingly captured the architectural imagination in the summer of 2022. Across these scenes, we examine the technologies, application domains, infrastructures, social contexts, and practices that drive technical research and shape creative practice in this space.
Neighborhood Collective Efficacy: A Longitudinal Social Determinant of Access to Medical Care Among Recently Immigrated Latina Young Adults
Authors: Puleo Blair K. , Dillon Frank R. , Ertl Melissa M. , Da Silva Nicole , Cabrera Tineo Yajaira A. , Verile Michael , De La Rosa Mario
Published: July 2023

The present longitudinal study examined changes in perceived access to health care among a recently immigrated cohort of Latina young adults who were assessed annually during their first 3 years in the United States. A parallel process growth model of perceived access to health care and neighborhood collective efficacy was examined, accounting for socioeconomic indicators and immigration status. Five hundred thirty Latina young adults (ages 18–23) participated at baseline assessment, and approximately 95% were retained over three annual assessment time points. Participants’ mean level of perceived access to health care increased during their initial 3 years in the United States. Women who reported more of an increase in perceived access to health care tended to also indicate increased neighborhood collective efficacy relative to their peers during their first 3 years in the United States. Findings offer important information about the individual- and community-level factors that influence recently immigrated Latinas’ health care access.
Thoracoscopic Clipping of Intercostal Artery for Treatment of Type II Endoleak Following Frozen Elephant Trunk Procedure: Case Report
Authors: Charchyan Eduard , Breshenkov Denis , Mutaev Omar , Bazarov Dmitriy , Grigorchuk Alexander , Belov Yuriy
Published: July 2023

A 38-year-old man with history of Crawford extent I thoracoabdominal aneurysm and chronic type B1,10 aortic dissection underwent a hybrid repair using the frozen elephant trunk technique. The patient was followed up annually, and type II endoleak of the descending thoracic aorta was diagnosed, leading to negative aortic remodeling. The endoleak was managed by performing intercostal artery clipping using minimally invasive thoracoscopic technique under transesophageal echocardiography control. The computed tomography scan showed no endoleak and complete false-lumen thrombosis with positive remodeling in the distal aortic segments.
The Sutureless Biological Bentall Procedure: A New Technique to Create a Modular Valve-Conduit Construct
Authors: Gallegos Robert P. , Gersak Borut
Published: July 2023

The Perceval sutureless valve (Corcym, Saluggia, Italy) has been effectively adopted by surgeons for the treatment of degenerative aortic valve stenosis. Its simplified true sutureless implantation technique has proven useful for minimally invasive cases, but the use of Perceval as part of more complex root replacement has not previously been described. We present a novel technical modification to the manufactured biologic Bentall, called the sutureless biological Bentall. This technique allows for a true modular valve–conduit construction that will simplify future reintervention.
Alarmingly Low Physical Activity in Pakistani College Students Compared to American College Students
Authors: Jaffri Ume Abbiyha , Corbett R.O. , Jaffri Abbis
Published: July 2023

To identify differences in physical activity (PA) between intercollegiate students in Pakistan and the United States (US). Three hundred (167 US; 133 Pakistani) intercollegiate students completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to assess PA. Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire (BPAQ) was used to assess barriers to PA. Participants were also asked about the recommended level of PA. Chi-squared analysis (χ2 = 99.50, p-value < .001) revealed that American students, specifically females (χ2 = 97.27, p-value < .001), were more active compared to Pakistani students. T-test showed significantly more major barriers to PA in Pakistani students (6.860 ± 5.56) than American students (3.78 ± 3.94). 59.6% of all students correctly recounted the standard PA recommendations, only 1.2% of those students were Pakistani. Pakistani students had lower PA with more major barriers to PA than Americans. Majority of the Pakistani students did not know the recommended level of PA unlike Americans.
Computed Tomography–Based Templating of Proximal Ulna Intramedullary Screw Fixation
Authors: Goyal Nitin , Coutinho Dominic , Ghodadra Anish , Baratz Mark E. , Kaufmann Robert A.
Published: July 2023

Background:

Intramedullary screw fixation of the proximal ulna can be used for fixation of the ulnar component in total elbow arthroplasty. Our purpose was to use computed tomography (CT) to characterize proximal ulna anatomy with respect to intramedullary screw fixation, and then to validate this templating process by inserting intramedullary screws into 3-dimensional (3D)-printed models.

Methods:

Thirty elbow CT scans were reformatted in the axis of the proximal ulna. Screw placement was templated by fixing a length at 78 mm distal to the centerline of ulnohumeral rotation and measuring diameter, and then fixing the screw pitch diameter to 5.5 mm and measuring length. Three-dimensional models were printed for 5 patients, and intramedullary screws were advanced as distal as possible until endosteal fit was achieved.

Results:

All patients had an anatomic limit for intramedullary screw fixation, due to dorsal angulation, varus angulation, or both. At 78 mm distal to the centerline of rotation, mean screw diameter was 5.4 mm (range, 3.2-8.0). When fixing screw diameter to 5.5 mm, the mean screw length was 79.9 mm (range, 64.2-107.9). All intramedullary screws were placed in the 3D models within 3 mm of the templated length, with correlation coefficient 0.992.

Conclusion:

This study characterized proximal ulna anatomy in the context of intramedullary screw fixation. Templating allows surgeons to predict intramedullary screw sizing, and a broad range of screw lengths and diameters is required when attempting intramedullary screw fixation for placement of the ulnar component in uncemented total elbow arthroplasty.
Treatment of a ruptured shallow trilobed cerebral aneurysm with the novel saccular endovascular aneurysm lattice (SEAL) device: A case report with one year follow-up
Authors: Pabon Boris , Torres Victor , Woodward Keith , Cardozo Margarita , Tan Benedict , Chaubal Varun , Badruddin Aamir , Wolfe Thomas , Pereira Edgard , Jankowitz Brian , Costalat Vincent , Altschul David , Langerford Claire A , Zaidat Osama O
Published: July 2023

Intrasaccular flow disruption is a viable alternative to other endovascular treatments for saccular or wide-necked bifurcation intracranial aneurysms; however, wide neck aneurysms with irregular shapes or shallow depth may not be amenable to treatment currently available intrasaccular devices. Here, we present the first ever case report of the novel Saccular Endovascular Aneurysm Lattice Embolization System (SEAL™). The versatile utility of the SEAL™ device is demonstrated in a patient with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from a ruptured, complex, left middle cerebral artery (MCA) trilobed shallow wide-necked bifurcation aneurysm. Deployment and implantation of the SEAL device were technically feasible, safe, and conformed well to the irregular shape of the complex, ruptured aneurysm. Immediate total aneurysm occlusion was observed after implantation. Importantly, 1-year angiographic follow-up demonstrated durable, complete occlusion with no safety concerns. The SEAL device is a promising new novel technology which has the potential to treat very shallow aneurysms with limited height and irregular, multilobulated aneurysms.
Effects of a physical education intervention on attention and inhibitory control in Ecuadorian children with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Mero Piedra Angélica Liseth , Pesthy Orsolya , Marton Klara
Published: July 2023

Background: Studies on physical activity interventions indicated a facilitative effect on cognitive performance in persons with intellectual disabilities; however, research is scarce, especially in low/middle-income countries. Aim: We explored the effects of a 6-week enriched physical education program on inhibitory control and attention functions in Ecuadorian children with intellectual disabilities. Methods: Thirty children with mild intellectual disabilities (10-14 years old) were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. Before and after the intervention, attention and inhibitory control were measured using computer-based nonverbal tasks. Results: The findings showed significantly more accurate and faster responses in the vigilance task in the intervention group than in the controls. There were no significant intervention-related changes in inhibitory control; however, there were more prominent accuracy tendencies toward improvement in the intervention group. Conclusions: Results provide evidence of the potential of physical activity programs to enhance attention in this population, which could serve as a mediator for inhibitory control.
Alcohol masked my autism so well, that nobody noticed it until I got sober
Authors: Flood Chelsey
Published: July 2023

A personal story about how alcohol can be an effective but problematic masking tool for autistic women.
The effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on blood pressure in uncomplicated and at risk pregnancies: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Giles Courtney , Johnston Rich , Kubler Jade , Spathis Jemima , Beetham Kassia
Published: July 2023

Background:

Regular exercise performed during pregnancy has been shown to reduce the risk of developing perinatal gestational hypertensive conditions. Further evidence on the exact parameters of exercise needed to explain these beneficial responses is required, within both uncomplicated and at-risk pregnancies.

Objective:

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on blood pressure during pregnancy.

Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data Sources and Methods:

An online search of six search engines was conducted up to February 2023. Randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, cohort, and longitudinal studies were included. Studies included an acute exercise bout or intervention of land-based aerobic and/or resistance exercise during any trimester in uncomplicated and at-risk pregnancies. Outcomes included mean arterial pressure (MAP), or systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP).

Results:

Following the removal of duplicates, 1538 articles were screened with 59 studies meeting the inclusion criteria for the review (randomized controlled trials (RCTs) n = 34, clinical trials n = 19, cohort n = 5 and cross-sectional n = 2), and 21 studies included in the meta-analysis. A random effects model was used with mean difference calculated in mmHg. Overall, there were no statistically significant effects of exercise on resting blood pressure (BP) outcomes in pregnant women with normal blood pressure compared to control/usual care populations following intervention (SBP mean diff -1.54 mmHg (favours intervention), p = 0.38; DBP mean diff -2.25 mmHg (favours intervention), p = 0.1; MAP mean diff -1.75 mmHg (favours intervention), p = 0.31). In at-risk pregnant women, both aerobic and combination exercise significantly reduced BP outcomes compared to control (SBP mean diff -3.91 mmHg, p < 0.01; DBP mean diff -2.9 mmHg, p = 0.01; MAP mean diff -2.38 mmHg, p = 0.01). Twenty-seven studies reported an acute increase in SBP and DBP during aerobic exercise, with no difference found between uncomplicated and at-risk pregnancies.

Conclusions:

Compared to usual care, aerobic and/or resistance exercise performed throughout uncomplicated pregnancy had no influence on blood pressure. Pregnant women with no diagnosed complications should be encouraged to exercise regularly due to the multitude of known benefits. In women who are at risk of, or diagnosed, with gestational hypertensive conditions during pregnancy, moderate to vigorous exercise during pregnancy improves blood pressure outcomes. Higher risk pregnancies may reduce their risk of future cardiovascular complications through regular exercise training during pregnancy.

Registration:

CRD42020159998.
Flexible Cultural Learning Through Action Coordination
Authors: Charbonneau Mathieu , Curioni Arianna , McEllin Luke , Strachan James W. A.
Published: July 2023

The cultural transmission of technical know-how has proven vital to the success of our species. The broad diversity of learning contexts and social configurations, as well as the various kinds of coordinated interactions they involve, speaks to our capacity to flexibly adapt to and succeed in transmitting vital knowledge in various learning contexts. Although often recognized by ethnographers, the flexibility of cultural learning has so far received little attention in terms of cognitive mechanisms. We argue that a key feature of the flexibility of cultural learning is that both the models and learners recruit cognitive mechanisms of action coordination to modulate their behavior contingently on the behavior of their partner, generating a process of mutual adaptation supporting the successful transmission of technical skills in diverse and fluctuating learning environments. We propose that the study of cultural learning would benefit from the experimental methods, results, and insights of joint-action research and, complementarily, that the field of joint-action research could expand its scope by integrating a learning and cultural dimension. Bringing these two fields of research together promises to enrich our understanding of cultural learning, its contextual flexibility, and joint action coordination.
Facilitators and barriers associated with youth player transition to professional first-team football: A key stakeholder perspective
Authors: McGuigan Mark , Dello Iacono Antonio , McRobert Allistair , Cowan Daryl , Unnithan Viswanath B
Published: July 2023

The transition of elite youth footballers through academy systems towards the first team is highly complex, competitive, and often unsuccessful. A myriad of factors including technical competence, physical prowess, and the development environment combine to determine youth player progression. Current research has focused on broad investigations of multiple clubs and stakeholders, providing a valuable overview of the key aspects associated with elite youth player transition. This study aimed to provide an in-depth, context-specific investigation of key stakeholders within an elite level club in the United Kingdom (UK). Seven key stakeholders including the head of the academy ( n = 1), the head of sports science ( n = 1), coaches ( n = 3), and lead sports scientists ( n = 2) were recruited. Framework analysis led to the development of a practical framework outlining the key facilitators and barriers of youth-to-first-team transition. Facilitators of transition included overcoming adversity, high-level physical prowess, exceptional technical competence, and possessing at least one elite-level attribute. Barriers to transition included a lack of opportunity, lucrative youth player contracts and a lack of development-specific coaching. In addition, the developmental environment and developing individuals within a team environment were key influences on youth-to-first-team transition. This study complements recent broad investigations of the UK and global stakeholders by corroborating many of their findings while providing transferable, context-specific accounts of applied issues related to successful transition to first-team football.
Malnutrition incidence in individuals with body-mass index >25 kg/m2 on admission to intensive care
Authors: McCully Kate , Extance Alice
Published: July 2023

Precise and timely nutrition support is essential for good outcomes in a critical care setting. Individuals with body mass index (BMI) in the overweight or obese category are often assumed to be well nourished, and are therefore at risk of being overlooked for nutrition support. This single centre clinical audit evaluated the incidence of malnutrition on admission of patients with BMI > 25. Results suggested that 70%–80% of individuals in this category can be considered either malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. This demonstrates the need for urgent, personalised nutritional care for critically ill patients regardless of body size.
Chinese expert consensus recommendations for the administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors to special cancer patient populations
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhang Bicheng , Peng Ling , Liu Xiufeng , Sun Jianguo , Su Chunxia , Wang Huijuan , Zhao Zheng , Si Lu , Duan Jianchun , Zhang Hongmei , Li Mengxia , Zhu Bo , Zhang Li , Li Jin , Guo Jun , Luo Rongcheng , Qiu Wensheng , Ye Dingwei , Chu Qian , Cui Jiuwei , Dong Xiaorong , Fan Yun , Gao Quanli , Guo Ye , He Zhiyong , Li Wenfeng , Lin Gen , Liu Lian , Liu Yutao , Qin Haifeng , Ren Shengxiang , Ren Xiubao , Wang Yongsheng , Xue Junli , Yang Yunpeng , Yang Zhenzhou , Yue Lu , Zhan Xianbao , Zhang Junping , Ma Jun , Qin Shukui , Wang Baocheng
Published: July 2023

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death 1, programmed cell death ligand 1, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 have shown significantly durable clinical benefits and tolerable toxicities and have improved the survival of patients with various types of cancer. Since 2018, the National Medical Products Administration of China has approved 17 ICIs as the standard treatment for certain advanced or metastatic solid tumors. As ICIs represent a broad-spectrum antitumor strategy, the populations eligible for cancer immunotherapy are rapidly expanding. However, the clinical applications of ICIs in cancer patient populations with special issues, a term that refers to complex subgroups of patients with comorbidities, special clinical conditions, or concomitant medications who are routinely excluded from prospective clinical trials of ICIs or are underrepresented in these trials, represent a great real-world challenge. Although the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) has provided recommendations for screening before the use of ICIs in special populations, the recommendations for full-course management remain insufficient. The CSCO Expert Committee on Immunotherapy organized leading medical oncology and multidisciplinary experts to develop a consensus that will serve as an important reference for clinicians to guide the proper application of ICIs in special patient populations. This article is a translation of a study first published in Chinese in The Chinese Clinical Oncology (ISSN 1009-0460, CN 32-1577/R) in May 2022 (27(5):442–454). The publisher of the original paper has provided written confirmation of permission to publish this translation in Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology.
Hero Shots: The Hero Myth as a Visual Frame in American Television Coverage of Lance Armstrong
Authors: Reed Sada , Forbes Ali
Published: July 2023

A camera technique known among sports broadcasters as a “hero shot” is used to capture the moment the athlete has successfully completed the task that seals or celebrates a victory. However, the “hero shot” and its components have not been examined in a scholarly setting. The current study aims to build a theoretical understanding of the “hero shot” as a visual frame that conveys hero mythology. The authors used the hero mythology literature and Brooklyn College's film department film glossary to determine which distance, angles, content, and means were most often used to capture heroic imagery of former American professional cyclist Lance Armstrong. This was done through a content analysis of 927 individual shots of Armstrong, aired between 1999 and 2010. Results suggest that low-angle and long shots were most commonly used for “hero shots.” However, the prominence of three-shots suggests the importance of other actors in contextualizing the hero.
How did Chinese public health authorities promote COVID-19 vaccination on social media? A content analysis of the vaccination promotion posts
Authors: Luo Chen , Dai Runtao , Deng Yuying , Chen Anfan
Published: July 2023

Objective

Drawing upon the health belief model, this study aims to analyze the message characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination promotion messages posted by influential Chinese public health institutions and how those characteristics affect audiences’ participative engagement on Weibo, which is a popular social media site in China.

Methods

Two Chinese phrases for the COVID-19 vaccine were adopted as search terms to retrieve qualified posts on Weibo from 1 December 2019 to 18 March 2023. A total of 2546 posts by the top nine most impactful public health institutions were retained for quantitative content analysis. Message characteristics derived from the health belief model and participative engagement indicators were coded by the authors.

Results

Among health belief model constructs, the collective-oriented constructs (i.e., benefits, cues to action, and susceptibility) appeared in almost half of the posts, while the individual-oriented constructs (i.e., barriers, self-efficacy, and severity) were mentioned less. Moreover, negative binomial regression models revealed that collective-oriented constructs and self-efficacy facilitated engagement, while other constructs played impeding roles.

Conclusions

Appearances and functions of the health belief model's constructs in the COVID-19 vaccination promotion context are closely associated with China's collectivistic culture. Furthermore, constructs conforming to people's psychological traits are likely to promote public engagement and may facilitate vaccination behavior.
Process model of emotion regulation-based digital intervention for emotional problems
Authors: Qu Diyang , Liu Dongyu , Cai Chengxi , Zhang Xuan , Yu Jiaao , Zhang Quan , Liu Kunxu , Wei Ziqian , Tan Jiajia , Cui Zaixu , Zhang Xiaoqian , Chen Runsen
Published: July 2023

Background

To address the lack of mental health practitioners in developing countries, the current study explored the feasibility of a newly developed self-guided digital intervention program TEA (training for emotional adaptation) in alleviating depressive and anxiety symptoms, as one of a few studies which adapted from theoretical models with effective intervention techniques.

Methods

The first part of this study involved 11 professional mental health practitioners giving feedback on the feasibility of the TEA; while the second part involved a mixed-method single-arm study with 32 participants recruited online, who went through the seven intervention sessions within 14 days. The questionnaires were collected before, after, 14 days after, and 30 days after intervention. Additionally, 10 participants were invited to semi-structured interviews regarding their suggestions.

Results

Practitioners thought that the TEA showed high professionalism (8.91/10) and is suitable for treating emotional symptoms (8.09/10). The generalized estimating equation model showed that the TEA significantly reduced participants' depressive and anxiety symptoms, while the effects of the intervention remained 30 days post intervention (Cohen's d > 1). Thematic analysis revealed three main themes about future improvement, including content improvement, interaction improvement, and bug-fixing.

Conclusions

To address the current needs for digital mental health intervention programs to account for the insufficient availability of mental health services in China, the current study provides preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of TEA, with the potential to address the urgent need for remote mental health services.

Trial registration

The study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR), with number [ChiCTR2200065944].
Effectiveness of a personalized digital exercise and nutrition-based rehab program for patients with gastric cancer after surgery: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kim Inah , Lim Ji Young , Kim Jong Kwang , Lee Jun Ho , Sohn Tae Sung , Park Sungsoo , Kang Seok Ho , Lee Ji Youl , Hwang Ji Hye
Published: July 2023

Background

Patients with gastric cancer often encounter impaired quality of life and reduced tolerability to adjuvant treatments after surgery. Weight preservation is crucial for the overall prognosis of these patients, and exercise and supplemental nutrition play the main role. This study is the first randomized clinical trial to apply personalized, treatment stage-adjusted digital intervention with wearable devices in gastric cancer rehabilitation intervention for 12 months, commencing immediately after surgery.

Methods

This is a prospective, multicenter, two-armed, randomized controlled trial and aims to recruit 324 patients from two hospitals. Patients will be randomly allocated to two groups for 1 year of rehabilitation, starting immediately after the operation: a personalized digital therapeutic (intervention) group and a conventional education-based rehabilitation (control) group. The primary objective is to clarify the effect of mobile applications and wearable smart bands in reducing weight loss in patients with gastric cancer. The secondary outcomes are quality of life measured by the EORTC-QLQ-C30 and STO22; nutritional status by mini nutrition assessment; physical fitness level measured by grip strength test, 30-s chair stand test and 2-min walk test; physical activity measured by IPAQ-SF; pain intensity; skeletal muscle mass; and fat mass. These measurements will be performed on enrollment and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months thereafter.

Conclusions

Digital therapeutic programs include exercise and nutritional interventions modified by age, body mass index, surgery type and postoperative days. Thus, expert intervention is pivotal for precise and safe calibration of this program.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04907591 (registration date: June 11, 2020; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04907591 ).
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Screening for Commercial Drivers Examined in Occupational Practice: Implementing Evidence-Based Practice to Champion the Health of Essential Workers
Authors: Barnes Annette
Published: July 2023

Background:

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, with 20% of deaths in adults under age 65. Commercial drivers have an increased CVD incidence rate of 50% compared to 30% for the general population, yet one third of drivers will not be screened for risk factors due to a lack of insurance or primary care. With approximately 3.5 million commercial drivers nationally and correlation of CVD to increased motor vehicle accidents, fatalities, and excessive healthcare costs, addressing the care gap for this high-risk population is imperative.

Methods:

An evidence-based practice (EBP) project synthesized the literature and implemented CVD risk screening for commercial drivers examined in an occupational practice setting. Using the non-laboratory Framingham CVD risk score calculator, over 90% of drivers were screened during mandated medical examinations and provided education regarding modifiable risk factors during a 2-month period.

Findings:

Over 40% of commercial drivers were at high risk for CVD with 25% uninsured and 32% without primary care. The average CVD risk score was twice the general population’s risk score, with obesity, hypertension, and smoking being the most common risk factors discussed.

Conclusions/Application to Practice:

Incorporating CVD risk screening and education during opportune encounters is logical, efficient, and financially prudent. The EBP change supports occupational professionals’ standards, and ongoing review of CVD screening guidelines with integration into practice provides health promotion and promotes public safety for these essential workers.
Urban/Rural Disparities in Access to Elite Higher Education: The Case of Tsinghua University
Authors: Wen Wen , Zhou Lu , Zhang Mingyu , Hu Die
Published: July 2023

The state plays an essential role in distributing higher education enrollment opportunities, especially in a state with a strong government like China. Many rural students have gained access to universities with the national higher education expansion in recent years, but their chances of entering elite universities still lag far behind that of their urban counterparts. By Analyzing the case of Tsinghua University, this study finds that the access gap between rural and urban students to elite universities, though still big, has been considerably narrowed since 2010 after a series of preferential policies on enhancing rural students’ educational access has been implemented. Due to the close relationship between Chinese government and its universities, China’s higher education system has responded quickly to national reform and has played an important role in promoting social mobility and reducing social inequalities. Besides, gender inequity in access to elite universities is still detected – the chance for female rural students to access elite universities was lower than for male students in either urban or rural districts. We suggest that the higher education enrollment policy should consider more about the intersectional status of rural students in favor of educational equity for the underprivileged.
Can Fiscal Transfers Help India Meet Its SDG Goals?
Authors: de Xavier Fernanda Andrade , Mukhopadhyay Pranab
Published: July 2023

This paper examines the possibility of using fiscal devolution in India to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. We propose alternative weights and criteria to see how allocation between states would change if the Finance Commission of India (FC) used a framework that incentivizes achievements in social and environmental outcomes. Two different proposals are examined—one where level values of the female–male ratio, female literacy rate and forest cover are used to decide allocations and another where incremental values are used. The advantage of the second proposal is that it reduces historical bias. We calculate the alternative allocation that would emerge using these proposals and compare it with the actual allocation for the last three Finance Commissions—XIII to the XV. We find that the reallocation among the states incentivizes better performers and also help India achieve the goals for sustainable development.

JEL Classification: H77, Q56, Q58
Overconfidence Bias in Investment Decisions: A Systematic Mapping of Literature and Future Research Topics
Authors: Kumar Jitender , Prince Neha
Published: July 2023

The current study uses a systematic literature review to summarize and highlight studies on overconfidence bias in investment decision-making. More specifically, the study synthesizes the overconfidence literature highlighting the year of publication, country of the published articles, research methods, data sources, prominent theories, statistical techniques, citation analysis of the popular articles and authors and future research topics. The authors study 111 documents indexed in Scopus and/or Web of Science databases to recognize research trends regarding overconfidence bias during the last 29 years (1995–2023). The results indicate that most (61.26%) selected studies are empirical. Likewise, secondary data-based articles dominate primary ones. Additionally, the resulting factors can be classified into four themes: the construct of overconfidence bias and investments; success: a cause of overconfidence; gender and overconfidence; and the consequences of overconfidence. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is a unique article in which research outcomes of essential aspects of overconfidence are skimmed systematically.
The Mediating Effect of Self-confidence on the Impact of Conscious and Unconscious Processes on Risky Investment Intention
Authors: Aren Selim , Hamamcı Hatice Nayman
Published: July 2023

This study investigated the mediating effect of trust and self-confidence on the effects of both conscious processes (coping strategies) and unconscious processes (defence mechanisms) on risky investment intention. In this context, data were collected from 832 participants using an online survey. Exploratory factor and correlation analyses were performed on the collected data, and the research model was tested using structural equation modelling. According to the results of the analysis, both coping strategies and defence mechanisms have an effect on risky investment intention, and self-confidence has a mediating role in this relationship. This study is unique because it explores the effects of both conscious and unconscious processes on financial decisions.
The Association of Emergency Severity Index Score and Patient and Family Experience in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Vukovic Adam A , Krentz Callie , Gauthier Abigail , Harun Nusrat , Porter Stephen C
Published: July 2023

The study aim was to determine the relationship between a patient's Emergency Severity Index (ESI) score and their or their family's response to the key performance indicator (KPI) question on the post-visit patient and family experience (PFE) survey. Retrospective review of patients presenting to the Pediatric Emergency Department between July 1, 2021, and June 30, 2022, who completed the KPI question on an associated post-visit survey. We performed univariate analyses on all candidate variables; multivariable linear regression identified independent predictors of KPI on the PFE survey. A total of 8136 patients were included in the study. Although ESI score was significantly associated with PFE in univariate analysis, this association was lost in the multivariable model. Independent associations were appreciated with race/ethnicity, time to provider, length of stay, and procedure performance during the visit. Although ESI is not independently associated with PFE in this study, its interaction with factors such as time to provider, length of stay, and procedure performance may be important for emergency department providers creating interventions to impact experience during low acuity visits.
Entrepreneurship Education for Gross National Happiness in Bhutan
Authors: van Gelderen Marco
Published: July 2023

The Buddhist Kingdom of Bhutan enjoys global fame for its pursuit of GNH (Gross National Happiness) as an alternative model of development. An increase in youth unemployment has made Bhutan look to entrepreneurship as a possible solution, prompting a need for entrepreneurship education. But what could entrepreneurship education look like in a context where policies and culture promote simple living and contentment, are cautious with regard to cultural change, and seek to constrain wealth accumulation of private sector entrepreneurs? This essay offers a number of suggestions for entrepreneurship education guided by GNH principles. The essay concludes by discussing what Western cultures can learn from GNH infused entrepreneurship education.
Black wounded healers: A reflection on multimodal expression through a spoken word play in five movements
Authors: Berry Timothy
Published: July 2023

Through the medium of performance, this reflection is a personal account of multimodal expression as a means to disseminate research and share historical memories in an interdisciplinary manner. Multisensory, multi-arts, and multidisciplinary processes were utilized to create the work. Wounded Healers was informed by multiple ways of knowing that occurred through the interplay of song, music, dance, visual art, and spoken word. Theoretical foundations were based in Africana and Black studies, Critical Race Theory, and neuroscience. The choices I made in the conception and design of the piece served a as way to share very dense narratives with audiences in ways that made them more accessible. The play is 65-minutes in length, covers over 400 years of history, and expresses the ways in which Black bodies have suffered, transcended their own pain, and fostered healing through creativity. The impact on me and the other performers was profound in that multisensory and multimodal expression penetrated all our central nervous systems in different ways. This type of expression allowed us to be authentic conduits, circulators of memory, necessary to remember how we heal.
Peroneal Tendoscopy Technique
Authors: Sobotie Alex , Brown Marsalis , Miskovsky Shana
Published: July 2023

Background:

Peroneal tendoscopy is indicated for patients with persistent posterolateral ankle pain in which other intraarticular or extraarticular etiologies have been excluded. Physical examination findings and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation are often equivocal, making direct visualization critical in characterizing the injury. Peroneal tendoscopy is a minimally invasive technique that is used to achieve this with little disruption to surrounding anatomy and minimal complications.

Indications:

We present a 57-year-old woman with 3 months of left posterolateral ankle pain and subluxation after a hyper-inversion injury despite conservative management. Magnetic resonance imaging showed irregularities of the peroneal tendons. Physical examination demonstrated swelling of the posterolateral ankle with tenderness to palpation and crepitus over the peroneal tendons and weakness with eversion. With inconclusive MRI findings and physical examination findings concerning for peroneal pathology, peroneal tendoscopy is indicated to evaluate the injury and indication for accompanying procedures.

Technique Description:

The patient is placed in a semi-lateral decubitus position using a bean bag. External anatomic landmarks are identified for a 2-portal approach with the “nick and spread” technique used to form the openings and avoid neurovascular structures and minimize retinacular disruption. The scope and a probe are used to manipulate the tendons for circumferential visualization and evaluation for tears, adhesions, tenosynovitis, and other pathologies. Dynamic testing of peroneal tendon tracking is completed. The decision is made to convert to a targeted open procedure based on the extent of peroneal pathology.

Results:

Clinical studies of patients undergoing peroneal tendoscopy have shown excellent results, with most patients reporting excellent outcomes and no recurrent subluxation events. Patients return to athletic activities as early as 3 to 4 months from surgery. Rare minor complications have been reported, including iatrogenic tendon damage and peroneal sheath rupture.

Discussion/Conclusion:

Posterolateral ankle pain may be difficult to diagnose and manage as it is often missed on MRI evaluation. Peroneal tendoscopy is a safe and efficacious procedure to evaluate and treat refractory posterolateral ankle pain secondary to peroneal pathology. Due to its minimally invasive technique, few complications have been reported, and most patients report good or excellent results.

Patient Consent Disclosure Statement:

The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Gaps in Parental Understanding of Sleep Disturbances During Maintenance Therapy for Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Zhou Eric S. , Valenzuela Ariana F. , Robbins Rebecca , Page Jessica M. , Bona Kira
Published: July 2023

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in childhood, with survival rates approaching 90%. Sleep disturbance is common among ALL patients, often developing during the initial stages of chemotherapy treatment. While there have been significant efforts to understand and intervene in this issue during survivorship, there is far less research on children who are actively receiving treatment. In the current study, we sought to better understand the parent's experience in the sleep domain during maintenance therapy, including their perceptions of how their child's medical team had managed sleep disturbances, and recommendations for how to improve sleep management. Method: Fifteen parents of pediatric ALL patients (aged 4–12 years) completed semistructured interviews. Interview content was analyzed using a multistage thematic analysis. Results: Parents consistently expressed feeling unprepared to manage the sleep disruptions that arose during treatment, often reporting that they did not recall being told this would be a side effect. They were enthusiastic about learning how to improve their child's sleep, though they did not want pharmacotherapeutic interventions or additional medical/psychosocial appointments to address this. Conclusion: Despite consistent provider communication on sleep, parents report limited knowledge of the issue. This provides an obvious intervention target to improve treatment-related sleep disturbances. Clear messaging may help direct parents’ attention and expectations regarding their child's treatment and potential for disturbed sleep, possibly in the form of a behavioral intervention that empowers parents with information about how to support their child's sleep health while they are undergoing treatment for ALL.
A causal effects of gut microbiota in the development of migraine
Authors: He Qiang , Wang Wenjing , Xiong Yang , Tao Chuanyuan , Ma Lu , Ma Junpeng , You Chao ,   The International Headache Genetics Consortium, Anttila Verneri , Artto Ville , Belin Andrea C. , Bjornsdottir Anna , Bjornsdottir Gyda , Boomsma Dorret I. , Børte Sigrid , Chalmer Mona A. , Chasman Daniel I. , Cormand Bru , Cuenca-Leon Ester , Davey-Smith George , de Boer Irene , Dichgans Martin , Esko Tonu , Freilinger Tobias , Gormley Padhraig , Griffiths Lyn R. , Hämäläinen Eija , Hansen Thomas F. , Harder Aster V. E. , Hautakangas Heidi , Hiekkala Marjo , Hrafnsdottir Maria G. , Ikram M. Arfan , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Kajanne Risto , Kallela Mikko , Kaprio Jaakko , Kaunisto Mari , Kogelman Lisette J. A. , Kristoffersen Espen S. , Kubisch Christian , Kurki Mitja , Kurth Tobias , Launer Lenore , Lehtimäki Terho , Lessel Davor , Ligthart Lannie , Magnusson Sigurdur H. , Malik Rainer , Müller-Myhsok Bertram , Northover Carrie , Nyholt Dale R. , Olesen Jes , Palotie Aarno , Palta Priit , Pedersen Linda M. , Pedersen Nancy , Pirinen Matti , Posthuma Danielle , Pozo-Rosich Patricia , Pressman Alice , Raitakari Olli , Ran Caroline , Sigurdardottir Gudrun R. , Stefansson Hreinn , Stefansson Kari , Sveinsson Olafur A. , Terwindt Gisela M. , Thorgeirsson Thorgeir E. , van den Maagdenberg Arn M. J. M. , van Duijn Cornelia , Wessman Maija , Winsvold Bendik S. , Zwart John-Anker
Published: July 2023

Background

The causal association between the gut microbiome and the development of migraine and its subtypes remains unclear.

Methods

The single nucleotide polymorphisms concerning gut microbiome were retrieved from the gene-wide association study (GWAS) of the MiBioGen consortium. The summary statistics datasets of migraine, migraine with aura (MA), and migraine without aura (MO) were obtained from the GWAS meta-analysis of the International Headache Genetics Consortium (IHGC) and FinnGen consortium. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the primary method, complemented by sensitivity analyses for pleiotropy and increasing robustness.

Results

In IHGC datasets, ten, five, and nine bacterial taxa were found to have a causal association with migraine, MA, and MO, respectively, (IVW, all P < 0.05). Genus.Coprococcus3 and genus.Anaerotruncus were validated in FinnGen datasets. Nine, twelve, and seven bacterial entities were identified for migraine, MA, and MO, respectively. The causal association still exists in family.Bifidobacteriaceae and order.Bifidobacteriales for migraine and MO after FDR correction. The heterogeneity and pleiotropy analyses confirmed the robustness of IVW results.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that gut microbiomes may exert causal effects on migraine, MA, and MO. We provide novel evidence for the dysfunction of the gut-brain axis on migraine. Future study is required to verify the relationship between gut microbiome and the risk of migraine and its subtypes and illustrate the underlying mechanism between them.
Urinary bladder melanosis with complete resolution case report
Authors: Mateescu Daniela I. , Dahir Hamdi , Goel Amit , Ray Eleanor , Madaan Sanjeev
Published: July 2023

Background

Melanosis of the bladder is a rare condition characterized by multifocal, diffuse melanin pigmentation of the urothelial mucosa or lamina propria without any proliferation of melanocytes. Less than 25 cases have been reported so far of which only four patients had concurrent urothelial carcinoma.

Case presentation

We are reporting a case of melanosis of the bladder in a 58-year-old female associated with pTaG1 transitional urothelial cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder who presented with symptoms of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). Cystoscopy and biopsy results confirmed benign melanosis.

Conclusion

Our case is unique because bladder melanosis associated low grade TCC with complete resolution of both conditions within one year.