bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magneto-thermal-convection stability in an inclined cylindrical annulus filled with a molten metal
Authors: Mebarek-Oudina Fateh , Bessaih R. , Mahanthesh B. , Chamkha A.J. , Raza J.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Metal-cooled reactors generally use molten metals such as sodium, potassium or a combination of sodium and potassium because of their excellent heat transfer properties so that the reactor can operate at much lower pressures and higher temperatures. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the stability of natural convection in an inclined ring filled with molten potassium under the influence of a radial magnetism.

Design/methodology/approach

A numerical simulation of electrically conductive fluid natural convection stability is performed on an inclined cylindrical annulus under the influence of a radial magnetism. The upper and lower walls are adiabatic, while the internal and external cylinders are kept at even temperatures. The equations governing this fluid system are solved numerically using finite volume method. The SIMPLER algorithm is used for pressure-speed coupling in the momentum equation.

Findings

Numerical results for various effective parameters that solve the problem in the initial oscillatory state are discussed in terms of isobars, isotherms and flow lines in the annulus for a wide range of Hartmann numbers (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 80), inclination angles (0 ≤ γ ≤ 90°) and radii ratios λ ≤ 6. The dependency stability diagrams between complicated situations with the critical value of the Rayleigh number RaCr and the corresponding frequency FrCr are established on the basis of the numeric data of this investigation. The angle of inclination and the radii ratio of the annulus have a significant effect on the stabilization of the magneto-convective flux and show that the best stabilization of the natural oscillatory convection is obtained by the intensity of the strongest magnetic field, the high radii ratio and inclination of the annulus at γ = 30°.

Practical implications

This numerical model is selected for its various applications in technology and industry.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the influence of the inclination of the cylindrical annulus (ring), with various radii ratio, on natural oscillatory convection under a radial magnetism has never been investigated.
Does supply chain agility create customer value and satisfaction for loyal B2B business and B2C end-customers?
Authors: Gligor David , Bozkurt Siddik , Gölgeci Ismail , Maloni Michael J.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Despite the recent wealth of supply chain agility literature, scholars have yet to thoroughly examine its impacts on the customer experience. To address this gap, we assess the effects of supply chain agility on customer value and customer satisfaction, including the moderating role of customer loyalty, from the perspectives of both business customers (B2B) and end-customers (B2C).

Design/methodology/approach

We used multivariate regression analysis to evaluate direct, indirect and conditional effects across survey responses from 148 senior-level supply chain managers (buyers) (Study 1) and 170 end-customers (i.e. consumers) (Study 2).

Findings

The results reveal that supply chain agility retains a direct link to both B2B and B2C’ value and satisfaction. However, a higher level of customer loyalty reduces the strength of these relationships, signifying that agility is less important with established customers. In this respect, agility is important to attract new customers, but more agility is not always beneficial once the customer relationship is established.

Originality/value

The current study is among the first to examine end-customer response to supply chain agility. The findings complement existing literature by providing novel insights into the impact of supply chain agility on both business customers (B2B) and end-customers (B2C).
The responsibility of an ethnocentric consumer – nationalistic, patriotic or environmentally conscientious? A critical discourse analysis of “buy domestic” campaigns
Authors: Pekkanen Tiia-Lotta , Penttilä Visa
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The study examines the responsibilisation of an ethnocentric consumer in commercial, meta-organisational discourses. In addition to nationalistic and patriotic discourses, the focus is on wider conceptualisations of consumer responsibility.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses critical discourse analysis as a methodological approach to conduct an empirical case study on the texts of two producer-driven labelling campaigns.

Findings

The campaign texts create possibilities for ethnocentric consumption with positioning, argumentative and classificatory discourses. Patriotic responsibilisation is emphasised, together with rationales to take action on environmental concerns.

Practical implications

The study highlights the responsibility of marketers over their corporate responsibility communication, suggesting that ethnocentric promotions may have the power to alter how consumers take action on various responsibility concerns.

Social implications

The study surfaces the tensions that responsible consumption can entail for consumers. Indeed, nationalistic and patriotic discourses may alter our understanding of responsibility issues that may seem completely separate from the concepts of nationalism and patriotism.

Originality/value

The paper shows how different organisational texts are deployed to bring about the idea of ethnocentric consumption and how this relates to responsibility discourses, nationalism and patriotism.
Heritage management and urban development in Iran, case study of Shiraz
Authors: Kermani Azadeh Arjomand
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Large-scale interventions are still the dominant approach in dealing with historic cities in Iran; however, during the last decade there has been a shift towards integrated and decentralised policies and a series of locally based projects were initiated across the country. Political and ideological forces, population growth as well as cultural and heritage consensus are influencing approaches towards urban conservation and heritage management constantly. This paper opens up the urban intervention approaches in the historic core of Shiraz and provides a deeper insight and better understanding of heritage management and regeneration plans in Shiraz as a representative of historic Iranian cities.

Design/methodology/approach

The study explains and analyses major urban transformations in Shiraz. The main approaches towards historical city core are identified and the mechanism that shaped these approaches in national and local scale is discussed. This investigation primarily uses qualitative data sources. The study relies on multiple sources of evidence which result in the reliability and validity of the investigation. Therefore, primary sources include original documents, maps and photographs published in documentation for the projects, published and unpublished materials and archives about case study city and secondary sources such as interviews with consultants and authorities as well as residents have been used.

Findings

This paper provides a more detailed explanation about several interrelated factors that affected the process of decision and policy making, planning and implementation of city centre interventions during the last two decades.

Originality/value

This paper anticipates consequent trends in heritage management in Shiraz and recommends further research areas. The paper can be used to develop a more practical set of recommendations for urban heritage management in Iran.
Waterpipe and cigarette tobacco smoking and depressive symptoms among public school students in central Jordan
Authors: Alzyoud Sukaina , Massoud Farah
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Tobacco is the most widely used substance in the world that has been linked to several psychological problems. Few studies have assessed the relationship between dual (waterpipe and cigarette) tobacco smoking. This study aims to examine the relationship between dual tobacco use and symptoms of depression amongst its users.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional study using a random sample of school students was conducted to assess youth tobacco smoking in the central region of Jordan. A self-reported questionnaire including biographical information, smoking status and experience of depression symptoms was used with a sample of 9th to 12th-grade students. χ2 and regression test were used to analyze the data.

Findings

The final sample comprised 576 school students, of whom 60% were males. The age range was between 16 and 18 years (mean = 15.84 years, SD ± 0.97). 30% of the participants were dual tobacco smokers. A significant difference was found between males and females, with males being more likely to be dual tobacco smokers compared to females. Two depressive symptoms (“feeling sad” and “having crying spells”) had a significant likelihood amongst the youth who were dual smokers.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that aims to report the relationship between dual tobacco smoking and depressive symptoms. Prevention programs are crucial for raising awareness of the harmful effects of dual tobacco smoking and smoking cessation amongst the youth
Can transcendence be attained through mindfulness? The mediating role of meaningful work
Authors: Singh Nishant , Bamel Umesh
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the motivational mechanism of meaningful work (MFW) between the relationship of mindfulness and transcendence in an Indian context.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve the research objective, a cross-sectional study was conducted. We have collected data from 311 participants (employees of large Indian manufacturing organizations, both public and private) using a self-administered survey questionnaire. Collected data was examined using path analysis.

Findings

Results suggest that MFW partially mediates the relationship between mindfulness and transcendence. Overall, this study highlights the role of mindfulness in making employees more passionate, joyful, and energetic at the workplace to achieve transcendence.

Practical implications

This study suggests ways through which positive emotions and a sense of meaningfulness can be enhanced. It also provides valuable implications for managers by suggesting various practices for enhancing an employee's transcendence.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the positive organizational behavior field by providing some novel insights with a focus on mindfulness, MFW and transcendence. It also fills the void in the area of transcendence empirical studies related to the Indian context.
The effect of religiosity–morality interaction on auditor independence in Egypt
Authors: Mostafa Diana , Hussain Mostaq , Mohamed Ehab K.A.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the effect of religiosity on the degree of auditor independence given the significance of symbolic gestures constructed by client economic conditions in different situations before and after considering the degree of auditors’ moral development.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses an experimental design based on running mixed factorial analysis of variance (SPANOVA) using mainly repeated measures GLM to test the interaction effects between (and within) variables on auditor independence.

Findings

The main findings indicate that there is a significant interactional effect between the degree of moral development and intrinsic religiosity on the degree of auditor independence, given the stimulating effect of the client’s economic gestures/conditions.

Practical implications

The Egyptian economy is growing and ensuring that auditor independence is paramount to sustaining the local, as well as foreign investors’ interest. Hence, this study is very important in highlighting factors that might lead to some impairment of auditors’ independence.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to test the interactional effect between the religious orientation rather than religious affiliation and moral development on the degree of auditor independence, such a relationship has not been tested before in the literature. Additionally and most importantly, it uses statistical measurement through its experimental design, as there is a lack of studies in terms of auditor independence in Egypt. The existing literature follows the perceptional assessment rather than the real measurement of the degree of auditor independence.
Investigating the effects of textual reviews from consumers and critics on movie sales
Authors: Deng Tianjie
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the sales impact of different types of online word-of-mouth based on their source (user vs critic) and form (structured vs unstructured).

Design/methodology/approach

The paper proposed a model by adopting the heuristic-systematic perspective of information processing and tested it using online movie reviews collected from Rotten Tomatoes. A unique dataset was constructed, which matched critic reviews and user reviews with metadata such as box-office sales and advertisement spending for 90 movies. Sentiment information from the textual contents of both user and critic reviews were text-mined and extracted. Data analyses were used to compare the box-office responsiveness of four types of reviews: user numeric ratings, user text reviews, critic numeric ratings and critic text reviews.

Findings

Critic reviews and user reviews influence sales through different forms: while user reviews impact sales through their aggregate numeric ratings, critic reviews exert their impact through textual narratives.

Practical implications

This study provides managerial implications to businesses on how to allocate their resources on different social media-related marketing strategies to maximize the economic value of online user-generated information.

Originality/value

The major contribution of this study is to extend the current understanding of the sales impact of online reviews to their textual aspect, as well as investigate how these textual narratives play different roles when offered by critics and users.
How hybrid HR systems affect performance in call centers
Authors: Story Joana , Castanheira Filipa
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between hybrid HR systems in call centers and their effect on workers' performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on a sample of 337 call center operator-supervisor dyads, the authors analyzed how the joint perceptions of monitoring and high-performance work systems (HPWS) are associated with workers' authenticity to explain performance, rated by supervisors.

Findings

The authors found that when monitoring is perceived as low, HPWS is not associated with authenticity, suggesting that it requires the joint effect of monitoring and HPWS to communicate HR management priorities in call centers. In addition, the authors found that high ratings of monitoring combined with low perceptions of HPWS were associated with the lowest levels of authenticity, whereas the highest levels of authenticity at work were found when high monitoring was combined with high HPWS. The results supported a conditional indirect effect through authenticity to explain when and how hybrid HR systems are associated with better supervisor-rated performance.

Originality/value

This is the first study to test the interaction effects between HPWS and monitoring practices to explain authenticity as a key strategic component of performance in call centers.
The influence of website quality and star rating signals on booking intention: Analyzing the moderating effect of variety seeking
Authors: Belver-Delgado Tamara , San-Martín Sonia , Hernández-Maestro Rosa M.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of booking website (hotel or third-party) characteristics and hotel star-rating classification, as signals of quality, on travelers’ relationships with hotels or hotel chains, taking into account the moderating effect of travelers’ tendencies to seek variety.

Design/methodology/approach

To test the hypothesized relationships, structural equation modeling was performed. A multi-group analysis was also conducted to test the moderating effect of travelers’ variety seeking.

Findings

Both booking website quality and star rating improve customer satisfaction with specific experiences at hotels and behavioral intentions toward hotels. The results also show that travelers’ variety-seeking levels (low/high) exert a moderating effect on their overall relationships with hotels, and quality signals are more relevant for those who are less inclined to seek variety in their travel experiences.

Originality/value

This paper analyzes the importance of quality signals on travelers’ relationships with hotels in an electronic shopping environment. Furthermore, the influence of travelers’ variety-seeking in the hotel sector in particular is studied. For hotel managers, a better knowledge of this personality trait can help to apply successful segmentation strategies.
Corporate Social Responsibility in hospitality: are sustainability initiatives really sustainable? Case examples from CitizenM, Lefay and Six Senses
Authors: Stombelli Virginia Maria
Published: August 2020

Purpose

In 2016, the United Nations published the agenda for sustainable development with 17 Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), asking everyone to commit to reach the Goals’ targets by 2030. Accordingly, hospitality brands developed Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives to deliver positive direct, indirect and induced impacts to the triple bottom lines’ environmental, social and economic dimensions. The purpose of this paper consists in investigating the benefits that companies want to obtain, engaging in these activities. Three very different hotel brands’ CSR are analyzed to consider their undeclared coordination with the UN SDGs namely CitizenM, Lefay and Six Senses.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on secondary qualitative data retrieved from websites.

Findings

When choosing to commit to CSR initiatives, companies not only behave as good corporate citizens but also pursue their economic interests. By so doing, they receive benefits that vary from improved image and reputation amongst guests to enhanced satisfaction and commitment amongst employees, passing through reduced fiscal burdens and financial savings.

Practical implications

The UN SDGs seem to potentially create a virtuous cycle in which Goal 8, decent work and economic growth, must be a leading cornerstone. To make the cycle work, socio-economic engagement and factual certainly should be improved and hospitality companies should pay a role both by measuring and publishing the benefits of committing to CSR and funding sustainability research that can be beneficial to their business, too. If this happens and the UN SDGs’ targets are met, the future will benefit from a circular economy, whereby resources will not be disposed of but maintained, repaired, reused, remanufactured and refurbished before being recycled. In other words, sustainability is not only about creating a better life for every living being but also about developing favourable business environments to benefit companies.

Originality/value

The comparison of hospitality brands’ with theoretically identified benefits represents the starting point of a wider multi-dimensional reflection on coordination between companies’ CSR and UN SDGs. Recommendations to sustain the sustainability virtuous cycle and to look at the future are drawn.
Projected impacts of warming seas on commercially fished species at a biogeographic boundary of the European continental shelf
Authors: Maltby Katherine M. , Rutterford Louise A. , Tinker Jonathan , Genner Martin J. , Simpson Stephen D.
Published: August 2020

Projecting the future effects of climate change on marine fished populations can help prepare the fishing industry and management systems for resulting ecological, social and economic changes. Generating projections using multiple climate scenarios can provide valuable insights for fisheries stakeholders regarding uncertainty arising from future climate data.

Using a range of climate projections based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A1B, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios, we modelled abundance of eight commercially important bottom dwelling fish species across the Celtic Sea, English Channel and southern North Sea through the 21st century. This region spans a faunal boundary between cooler northern waters and warmer southern waters, where mean sea surface temperatures are projected to rise by 2 to 4°C by 2098.

For each species, Generalized Additive Models were trained on spatially explicit abundance data from six surveys between 2001 and 2010. Annual and seasonal temperatures were key drivers of species abundance patterns. Models were used to project species abundance for each decade through to 2090.

Projections suggest important future changes in the availability and catchability of fish species, with projected increases in abundance of red mullet Mullus surmuletus L., Dover sole Solea solea L., John dory Zeus faber L. and lemon sole Microstomus kitt L. and decreases in abundance of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L., anglerfish Lophius piscatorius L. and megrim Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis L. European plaice Pleuronectes platessa L. appeared less affected by projected temperature changes. Most projected abundance responses were comparable among climate projections, but uncertainty in the rate and magnitude of changes often increased substantially beyond 2040.

Synthesis and applications. These results indicate potential risks as well as some opportunities for demersal fisheries under climate change. These changes will challenge current management systems, with implications for decisions on target fishing mortality rates, fishing effort and allowable catches. Increasingly flexible and adaptive approaches that reduce climate impacts on species while also supporting industry adaptation are required.
The Salt Flip: Sensory mitigation of salt (and sodium) reduction with monosodium glutamate (MSG) in “Better‐for‐You” foods
Authors: Halim Jeremia , Bouzari Ali , Felder Dan , Guinard Jean‐Xavier
Published: August 2020

We tested the hypothesis that reduced‐salt versions of four “better‐for‐you” dishes enhanced with monosodium glutamate (MSG) through a “Salt Flip” in an amount that still substantially reduced total sodium matched the consumer acceptance of normal‐salt versions. Three versions each—standard recipe with normal salt, reduced salt, and reduced salt with MSG, of four dishes—roasted vegetables (RV), quinoa bowl (QB), savory yogurt dip (SD), and pork cauliflower fried rice (CR) were evaluated by 163 consumers for overall liking and liking of appearance, flavor, and texture/mouthfeel on the nine‐point hedonic scale, preference, adequacy of flavor, saltiness, and aftertaste on just‐about‐right (JAR) scales, likeliness to order, and sensory characteristics by check‐all‐that‐apply. For each dish, the MSG recipe was liked the same (or significantly more for SD, P < 0.05) than the standard recipe, and better than the reduced salt recipe for QB and CR. The same was true of likeliness to order. MSG recipes of QB and SD were significantly preferred to the standard recipes, with no difference for RV and CR. MSG recipes were consistently described as “delicious,” “flavorful,” and “balanced.” Penalty‐lift analysis showed that “delicious,” “flavorful,” “balanced,” “fresh,” and “savory”; and “bland,” “rancid,” and “bitter,” were positive and negative drivers of liking, respectively. Two of three uncovered preference clusters, accounting for 68% of consumers, consistently liked MSG recipes, and the same or more so than standard recipes. We conclude that MSG can successfully be used to mitigate salt and sodium reduction without compromising consumer acceptance of better‐for‐you foods.

Practical Application

The Salt Flip offers a promising dietary sodium reduction strategy through the addition of monosodium glutamate (MSG) to reduced‐salt, savory, better‐for‐you foods that does not compromise consumer acceptance of their sensory profile.
The Tectonic Implications of the Hongliuhe‐Xichangjing Ophiolitic Mélanges Belt in the Central Region of the Beishan Orogen, NW China — Constrained by the U‐Pb Ages of Detrital Zircons of the Metasandstones
Authors: TIAN Jian , XIN Houtian , TENG Xuejian , DUAN Xiaolong , CHENG Xianyu , ZHANG Yong , REN Bangfang
Published: August 2020

The tectonic attributes of different blocks within orogenic belts are of great significance for the study of accretionary processes and the evolution of Earth. The Hongliuhe‐Niujianzi‐Baiyunshan‐Xichangjing ophiolitic mélange belt (HXOMB) is distributed in the heart of the Beishan Orogen, the Shuangyingshan and Minshui‐Hanshan blocks being distributed in the south and north of the HXOMB respectively, and a large number of Early Paleozoic geological units are exposed on the blocks. According to the zircon age populations of the metasandstones in the Baiyunshan area recovered in this paper, when compared with the zircon age populations of the Paleozoic metasandstones reported in the Niujuanzi and Hanshan areas, we found that the metasandstones of the Shuangyingshan Block have age peaks at c. 598 Ma, 742 Ma, 828 Ma, 941 Ma, 990 Ma, 1168Ma, 1636 Ma, 2497 Ma with non‐significant age populations of 1500–1300 Ma, showing a possible affinity with the Tarim Craton; the metasandstones of the Minshui‐Hanshan Block have age peaks at c. 606 Ma, 758 Ma, 914 Ma, 1102 Ma, 1194 Ma, 1304 Ma, 1672 Ma with significant age populations of 1500‐1300 Ma, showing a possible affinity with the Chinese Central Tianshan Block. Therefore, the HXOMB of the Beishan Orogen is of great significance in plate segmentation, which separates the Tarim Craton in the south and the Chinese Central Tianshan Block in the north. Based on the evolutionary process of the Hongliuhe‐Xichangjing ocean in the Beishan Orogen, we believe that break‐up and convergence can be recognized as having occurred twice between the Chinese Central Tianshan Block and the Tarim Craton since the Mesoproterozoic in the Beishan area. This was related firstly to the break‐up of the Columbia Supercontinent and the convergence of the Rodinia Supercontinent, mainly during the Middle Mesoproterozoic to Early Neoproterozoic, and secondly to the opening and closing of the Hongliuhe‐Xichangjing ocean, mainly during the Early Paleozoic.
Australian patient perspectives on the impact of gout
Authors: Coulshed Andrew , Nguyen Amy D. , Stocker Sophie L. , Day Richard O.
Published: August 2020

Objective

To explore the perceptions of patients toward the impacts of gout, in an Australian context.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with Australian patients with gout (n = 17). Interviews focused on the impacts of gout on patients' day‐to‐day lives. The interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically by 2 independent reviewers.

Results

Patients with gout reported variable but significant impacts of gout on their daily lives. Patients were primarily concerned with the pain and poor mobility associated with gout flares. Participants also reported significant social impacts related to their inability to attend events and the need for family and friends to look after them. Productivity was also negatively affected due to pain and poor mobility, and emotional wellbeing was reduced both by the symptoms of gout flares and anxiety between flares. Diet, daily planning, hobbies, exercise, sleep and selection of attire were also reported as being impacted by their gout.

Conclusions

In Australia, gout has significant and preventable impacts beyond the physical symptoms of gout flares, across a variety of domains. By identifying patients' key concerns, this can potentially aid clinicians to tailor gout education and encourage medication adherence, in order to improve gout management.
Re‐thinking the main goals of biological sciences: is it possible to build new knowledge without fundamental research?
Authors: Nunes Olga C.
Published: August 2020

Relationships between collective scientific knowledge and country's economic prosperity and competitiveness have been described. Hence, interaction between industry and academic institutions is seen as a way to valorize this knowledge at social and economic levels. The ability to translate scientific knowledge in social and economic benefits is now receiving most of the funding for public research. However, and despite the evident long‐term benefits of funding applied science, drastic reduction of budget for fundamental research may eventually lead to the opposite outcome.
Intraoperative MgSO4 infusion protects oxygenation and lung mechanics in COPD patients during general anesthesia. A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ahmed Abeer , Sayed Ahmed H. , Elkholy Jehan , Elshal Sahar , Badwy Abdelrahman , Abdelhamid Bassant , Ollaek Mohamed
Published: August 2020

Background

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an intraoperative MgSO4 infusion on arterial oxygenation and lung mechanics in patients with moderate COPD undergoing cancer larynx surgery under general anesthesia (GA). Our primary outcome was arterial oxygenation determined by the PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2. The secondary outcomes were lung mechanics (peak airway pressure, airway plateau pressure, dead space, lung compliance, airway resistance) and postoperative complications.

Methods

In this randomized controlled double‐blinded trial, 40 patients with an ASA classifications II and/or III who were diagnosed with moderate COPD and who were scheduled for cancer larynx surgery under GA were randomly allocated into two equal groups, the target (Mg group) and control group (C group). In the Mg group, 30 mg/kg of 10% MgSO4 solution was administered intravenously for over 20 minutes as the loading dose, followed by the continuous infusion of 10 mg/kg/hr In the C group, the same loading and maintenance infusion rates were administered using 0.9% saline.

Results

Unlike the C group (baseline “T0” to post‐infusion "T1" interval 294 ± 97 vs 238 ± 71 mm Hg, respectively, P = .04 ± SD), the Mg group exhibited preserved intraoperative PaO2 (T0 to T1 interval 271 ± 89 vs 257 ± 53 mm Hg, respectively, P = .54 ± SD) and PaO2/FiO2 (C group T0 to T1 interval 404 ± 81 vs 349 ± 84, P = .04 and Mg group 394 ± 91 vs 379 ± 95, P = .61, respectively), and these effects were modest. Further, compared to the C group, the Mg group exhibited lower airway resistance, dead space, airway plateau pressure, and peak airway pressure, and higher dynamic compliance. The postoperative PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 were higher in the Mg group compared to the C group.

Conclusions

Intraoperative infusion of MgSO4 in patients with moderate COPD undergoing laryngectomy surgery under GA produces mild perioperative protective effects on both arterial oxygenation and lung mechanics.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03461328; registration date: 8 March 2018.
Opioid overdose experiences in a sample of US adolescents and young adults: a thematic analysis
Authors: Monico Laura B. , Ludwig Ariel , Lertch Elizabeth , Dionne Ross , Fishman Marc , Schwartz Robert P. , Mitchell Shannon Gwin
Published: August 2020

Background and Aims

Opioid overdose deaths among adolescents and young adults have risen sharply in the United States over recent decades. This study aimed to explore the nature of adolescent and young adult perspectives on overdose experiences.

Design

This study involved thematic analysis of interviews undertaken as part of a mixed‐methods, randomized trial of extended release naltrexone (XR‐NTX) versus treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) for adolescents and young adults (aged 15–21 years) with opioid use disorder (OUD).

Setting

Participants were recruited during a residential treatment episode at Mountain Manor Treatment Center, in Baltimore, MD, USA.

Participants/cases

As part of the qualitative component of this study, 35 adolescents/young adults completed up to three interviews: at baseline, 3 and 6 months after release from residential opioid use disorder treatment.

Measurements

Semi‐structured interviews solicited participant experiences with opioid use disorder treatment; their satisfaction with the medications used to treat opioid use disorder; counseling received; current substance use; issues related to treatment retention; their treatment goals; and their future outlook.

Findings

Four broad themes emerged: (1) adolescents/young adults had difficulty identifying overdoses due to interpreting subjective symptoms and a lack of memory of the event, (2) this sample had difficulty perceiving risk that is misaligned with traditional understandings of overdose intentionality, (3) adolescents/young adults did not interpret personal overdose events as a catalyst for behavior change and (4) this sample experienced a greater impact to behavior change through witnessing an overdose of someone in their social network.

Conclusions

The sample of US adolescents and young adults in treatment for opioid use disorder expressed difficulty identifying whether or not they had experienced an overdose, expressed fluctuating intentionality for those events and did not have clear intentions to change their behavior. Witnessing an overdose appeared to be as salient an experience as going through an overdose oneself.
Management of chronic hand and foot eczema. An Australia/New Zealand Clinical narrative
Authors: Rademaker Marius , Armour Katherine , Baker Christopher , Foley Peter , Gebauer Kurt , Gupta Monisha , Marshman Gillian , O’Connor Alicia , Rubel Diana , Sullivan John , Wong Li‐Chuen
Published: August 2020

Chronic hand/foot eczemas are common, but treatment is often challenging, with widespread dissatisfaction over current available options. Detailed history is important, particularly with regard to potential exposure to irritants and allergens. Patch testing should be regarded as a standard investigation. Individual treatment outcomes and targets, including systemic therapy, should be discussed early with patients, restoring function being the primary goal, with clearing the skin a secondary outcome. Each new treatment, where appropriate, should be considered additive or overlapping to any previous therapy. Management extends beyond mere pharmacological or physical treatment, and requires an encompassing approach including removal or avoidance of causative factors, behavioural changes and social support. To date, there is little evidence to guide sequences or combinations of therapies. Moderately symptomatic patients (e.g. DLQI ≥ 10) should be started on a potent/super‐potent topical corticosteroid applied once or twice per day for 4 weeks, with tapering to twice weekly application. If response is inadequate, consider phototherapy, and then a 12‐week trial of a retinoid (alitretinoin or acitretin). Second line systemic treatments include methotrexate, ciclosporin and azathioprine. For patients presenting with severe symptomatic disease (DLQI ≥ 15), consider predniso(lo)ne 0.5–1.0 mg/kg/day (or ciclosporin 3 – 5 mg/kg/day) for 4–6 weeks with tapering, and then treating as for moderate disease as above. In non‐responders, botulinum toxin and/or iontophoresis, if associated with hyperhidrosis, may sometimes help. Some patients only respond to long‐term systemic corticosteroids. The data on sequencing of newer agents, such as dupilumab or JAK inhibitors, are immature.
Protecting the future: Fatal incidents on Australian farms involving children (2001‐2019)
Authors: Peachey Kerri‐Lynn , Lower Tony , Rolfe Margaret
Published: August 2020

Objectives

To assess the demographic and causal factors, plus trends in rates of fatal farm incidents involving children (<15 years) in Australia over the 2001‐2019 period.

Design

A descriptive retrospective epidemiological study of the National Coronial Information System.

Setting

Australia.

Participants

Cases involving children (<15 years), where incidents have occurred on a farm (1 January 2001‐31 December 2019).

Results

There has been essentially no change in the fatality rate for farm‐related child injury deaths across Australia in the 2001‐2019 period (−0.009/year). Men and children aged 0‐4 years were significantly more likely to be involved in these incidents. Most cases were recreational in nature (81%), with seven agents (water bodies, quads [all‐terrain vehicles], tractors, utes, cars, motorbikes and horses), accounting for 75% of cases. Water bodies were responsible for over 31% of deaths.

Conclusion

The lack of progress addressing child farm injury mortality requires urgent attention. The overall rates and pattern of injury‐related deaths have stagnated, necessitating new and innovative approaches to address the issue. The emerging National Injury Prevention Plan might provide scope to improve the focus on and implementation of evidence‐based approaches.
Protestors’ Emotional Work in Contexts of Marginalisation: The Emancipation of “Forced Migrants” in Germany
Authors: Monforte Pierre
Published: August 2020

This article explores the relation between migrants’ political subjectivity and the emotional dimension of protest. Although a vast literature analyses these dimensions, few studies have explored how social movements aim to trigger processes of political subjectivity formation and emotional transformations in contexts in which activists face marginalisation. I propose to analyse the effects of such a context through the focus on a movement mobilising against the exclusion of migrants in Germany. I show how activists strategically construct a political subjectivity based on the “forced migration” and “resistance” framework and aim to trigger feelings of emancipation among participants. At a more general level, I explore the transformative dimension of protest through the analysis of how activists strategically aim to transform negative and deactivating emotions (isolation, humiliation, and fear) into positive and activating emotions (loyalty, determination, and pride) in the course of collective action.
Long‐term effects of the nine‐item list intervention on obstetric and neonatal outcomes in Robson group 1 – A time series study
Authors: Hildebrand Eric , Nelson Marie , Blomberg Marie
Published: August 2020

Introduction

The nine‐item list, with organizational and cultural changes, was implemented at the delivery unit in Linköping, Sweden between 2007 and 2010, aiming at improving the quality of care by offering more women a safe and attractive vaginal delivery. The target group for the intervention was nulliparous women at term with spontaneous onset of labor and cephalic presentation (Robson group 1). The aim of this study was to evaluate pregnancy outcomes before, during, early post and late post introduction of the nine‐item list.

Material and methods

Robson group 1 births (n = 12 763) from 2004 to 2018 were divided into four time periods; before the nine‐item list (2004‐2006), during introduction of the nine‐item list (2007‐2010), early post introduction of the nine‐item list (2011‐2014) and late post introduction of the nine‐item list (2015‐2018). The nine‐item list consists of monitoring of obstetric results, midwife coordinator, risk classification of women, three midwife‐competence levels, teamwork—the midwife, obstetrician and nurse working as a team with the common goal of a normal delivery, obstetric morning round, fetal monitoring skills and obstetric skills training. Perinatal outcomes before, during, early post and late post introduction were compared using a Student's t test for numerical variables and a Pearson chi‐squared test for categorical variables.

Results

Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes, Apgar score <4 at 5 minutes and umbilical cord arterial pH <7 did not differ significantly between the four time periods. Between before introduction and early post introduction, instrumental vaginal delivery decreased from 19.8% to 12.2% and cesarean section from 9.6% to 4.5%. The late post introduction period showed a maintained effect with 10.7% instrumental deliveries and 3.9% cesarean sections. Obstetric anal sphincter injury grade III decreased instantly during the introduction of the nine‐item list from 7.8% to 5.1% and thereafter remained unchanged.

Conclusions

Implementation of the nine‐item list increased the proportion of spontaneous vaginal deliveries by reducing the number of instrumental deliveries and cesarean sections without affecting the neonatal outcomes in nulliparous women with spontaneous onset of labor. The nine‐item list intervention seems to provide long‐term sustainable results.
Letter: outcomes after hepatic encephalopathy in population‐based cohorts of patients with cirrhosis–more questions than answers?
Authors: Liang Kai‐Hsiang , Wang Chia‐Chi
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to the Tapper et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15749
Personality and balanced psychological contracts: The mediating roles of epistemic curiosity and rule‐following behavior
Authors: Hassan Muhammad Mubbashar , Bashir Sajid , Raja Usman , Mussel Patrick , Khattak Sana Aroos
Published: August 2020

This study extends prior research on the relationships between personality constructs and types of psychological contracts by exploring how the Big Five traits predict balanced psychological contracts. Further, we determine whether epistemic curiosity and rule‐following behavior are key mediators of the proposed relationships. We tested our proposed hypotheses using three‐wave time‐lagged data from 469 respondents. The results indicated that openness to experience was positively associated and both conscientiousness and neuroticism were negatively associated with balanced contracts. Extraversion and agreeableness were not associated with balanced contracts. We also established the mediating role of epistemic curiosity in the relationships between personality traits and balanced contracts, but there was no support for the mediating role of rule‐following behavior in the present study. These findings have important implications for managers and organizations in terms of selecting the right person for a job (person‐job fit) and ensuring employee retention (person‐organization fit), hence having a bottom‐line effect on firm performance. Future research directions are also discussed.
Early intracranial haemorrhages in acute promyelocytic leukaemia: analysis of neuroradiological and clinico‐biological parameters
Authors: Gurnari Carmelo , Breccia Massimo , Di Giuliano Francesca , Scalzulli Emilia , Divona Mariadomenica , Piciocchi Alfonso , Cicconi Laura , De Bellis Eleonora , Venditti Adriano , Del Principe Maria Ilaria , Arcese William , Lo‐Coco Francesco , Garaci Francesco , Voso Maria Teresa
Published: August 2020

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) represents a modern success of precision medicine. However, fatalities occurring within the first 30 days of induction treatment, in particular intracranial haemorrhage (ICH), remain the main causes of death. We studied the clinico‐biological characteristics of 13 patients with APL who experienced ICH. Compared to 85 patients without this complication, patients with ICH were older and more frequently had high‐risk APL. Moreover, positivity for the ‘swirl’ sign at neuroradiological imaging and hydrocephalus were predictors of a fatal outcome, together with lower fibrinogen, prolonged international normalized ratio (INR) and higher lactate dehydrogenase levels.
Proliferative nodule resembling angiomatoid Spitz tumor with degenerative atypia arising within a giant congenital nevus
Authors: Braunberger Taylor L. , Adelman Madeline , Shwayder Tor A. , Clarke Loren E. , Friedman Ben J.
Published: August 2020

Proliferative nodules arising within congenital melanocytic nevi often present a diagnostic challenge given a close resemblance to melanoma. Several morphologic variants have been characterized. In difficult cases, ancillary molecular tests can be used to better exclude the possibility of malignant degeneration. Herein, we report a case of an unusual proliferative nodule with overlapping features of angiomatoid Spitz tumor and ancient melanocytic nevus, which demonstrated normal findings on both chromosomal microarray and a gene expression profiling assay.
EB (epidermolysis bullosa)‐House Austria: Pioneering work for the care of patients with rare diseases
Authors: Prodinger Christine , Laimer Martin , Bauer Johann W. , Hintner Helmut
Published: August 2020

The care of patients with epidermolysis bullosa (EB) poses a major challenge due to the rarity, heterogeneity and complexity of the disease as well as the occurrence of numerous primary and secondary extracutaneous manifestations, causing a significant morbidity and mortality. Specialized treatment centers are essential for offering these patients adequate care, including individual, interdisciplinary coordinated treatments according to current medical standards, and access to innovative therapeutic options. Against this background, the EB House Austria was founded in 2005 and designated the first national center of expertise for genodermatoses with a focus on EB in 2017. In the same year, it became a member of the European Reference Network for Rare Skin Diseases (ERN Skin). The pillars of this institution (outpatient clinic, research unit, academy, clinical study center) interact closely with each other, with numerous national and international clinical and scientific partners, as well as with patients and their relatives via the DEBRA Austria patient group. The development of the EB House Austria as a reference center is characterized by a long‐term pioneering work, which in turn could pave the way for the optimization of care for comparable diseases as well as general care structures.
Data‐Driven Rolling Horizon Approach for Dynamic Design of Supply Chain Distribution Networks under Disruption and Demand Uncertainty
Authors: Fattahi Mohammad , Govindan Kannan
Published: August 2020

We address the dynamic design of supply chain networks in which the moments of demand distribution function are uncertain and facilities’ availability is stochastic because of possible disruptions. To incorporate the existing stochasticity in our dynamic problem, we develop a multi‐stage stochastic program to specify the optimal location, capacity, inventory, and allocation decisions. Further, a data‐driven rolling horizon approach is developed to use observations of the random parameters in the stochastic optimization problem. In contrast to traditional stochastic programming approaches that are valid only for a limited number of scenarios, the rolling horizon approach makes the determined decisions by the stochastic program implementable in practice and evaluates them. The stochastic program is presented as a quadratic conic optimization, and to generate an efficient scenario tree, a forward scenario tree construction technique is employed. An extensive numerical study is carried out to investigate the applicability of the presented model and rolling horizon procedure, the efficiency of risk‐measurement policies, and the performance of the scenario tree construction technique. Several key practical and managerial insights related to the dynamic supply chain network design under uncertainty are gained based on the computational results.