bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Annual movements of a migratory seabird—the NW European red-throated diver (Gavia stellata)—reveals high individual repeatability but low migratory connectivity
Authors: Kleinschmidt Birgit , Burger Claudia , Bustamante Paco , Dorsch Monika , Heinänen Stefan , Morkūnas Julius , Žydelis Ramūnas , Nehls Georg , Quillfeldt Petra
Published: August 2022

In this study, the annual movements of a seabird species, the red-throated diver (Gavia stellata), were investigated in space and time. Between 2015 and 2017, 33 individuals were fitted with satellite transmitters at the German Bight (eastern North Sea). In addition, stable isotope analyses of feathers (δ13C) were used to identify staging areas during the previous moult. The German Bight is an important area for this species, but is also strongly affected by anthropogenic impacts. To understand how this might affect populations, we aimed to determine the degree of connectivity and site fidelity, and the extent to which seasonal migrations vary among different breeding locations in the high Arctic. Tagged individuals migrated to Greenland (n = 2), Svalbard (n = 2), Norway (n = 4) and northern Russia (n = 25). Although individuals from a shared breeding region (northern Russia) largely moved along the same route, individuals dispersed to different, separate areas during the non-breeding phase. Kernel density estimates also overlapped only partially, indicating low connectivity. The timing of breeding was correlated with the breeding longitude, with 40 days later arrival at the easternmost than westernmost breeding sites. Repeatability analyses between years revealed a generally high individual site fidelity with respect to spring staging, breeding and moulting sites. In summary, low connectivity and the distribution to different sites suggests some resilience to population decline among subpopulations. However, it should be noted that the majority of individuals breeding in northern Russia migrated along a similar route and that disturbance in areas visited along this route could have a greater impact on this population. In turn, individual site fidelity could indicate low adaptability to environmental changes and could lead to potential carry-over effects. Annual migration data indicate that conservation planning must consider all sites used by such mobile species.
Typical median effective radiation doses using an anthropomorphic bone fracture phantom for initial radiographic skeletal surveys in the investigation of suspected physical abuse
Authors: Doyle Edel , Dimmock Matthew R. , Lee Kam L. , Thomas Peter , Bassed Richard B.
Published: August 2022

Background

A series of 31 radiographs is recommended by the Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) when investigating suspected physical abuse (SPA).

Objective

To determine the radiation dose delivered for skeletal surveys performed for SPA in Victorian radiology departments based on their local protocols.

Materials and methods

A 5-year-old paediatric bone fracture phantom was radiographed at five radiology sites using both the RCR recommended protocol and, where applicable, the local departmental SPA protocol. The radiation doses were measured and recorded. These were scaled down to estimate the effective radiation doses for a 2-year-old child at each site and the associated radiation risks estimated.

Results

The median effective dose for all radiographic projections in the RCR skeletal survey radiographic series was 0.09 mSv. The estimated risk of radiation-induced cancer and radiation-induced death from cancer for 2-year-old children is classified as “very low,” with girls having a higher risk than boys.

Conclusion

The median effective radiation dose for the RCR skeletal survey for imaging in SPA was 0.09 mSv resulting in a “very low” additional risk of radiation-induced cancer. The authors will now aim to ascertain whether whole-body CT skeletal survey can replace the radiographic series for imaging in SPA while maintaining a comparable radiation dose.
Real-life analysis on safety and efficacy of asciminib for ponatinib pretreated patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Luna A. , Pérez-Lamas L. , Boque C. , Giraldo P. , Xicoy B. , Ruiz Nuño C. , Vega M. Moreno , Alvarez-Larrán A. , Salamanca A. , García-Noblejas A. , Vall-Llovera F. , Villalon L. , De las Heras N. , Ramila E. , Pérez-Encinas M. , Cuevas B. , Perez-Lopez R. , Sanchez-Guijo F. , Jiménez-Velasco A. , Lakhwani S. , Casado L. Felipe , Rosell A. , Escola A. , Fernández M. J. , Garcia-Hernandez C. , Cervero C. , Mora E. , Sagüés M. , Suarez-Varela S. , Vélez P. , Carrascosa Mastell P. , Bitaube R. F. , Serrano L. , Cortes M. , Vera Goñi J.A , Steegmann J. L. , de Soria V. Gomez Garcia , Alonso-Dominguez J. M. , Araujo M. Colorado , Coll A. Paz , Hernandez-Boluda J.C , García-Gutiérrez V.
Published: August 2022

Failure of second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (2GTKI) is a challenging situation in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Asciminib, recently approved by the US Federal Drug Administration, has demonstrated in clinical trials a good efficacy and safety profile after failure of 2GTKI. However, no study has specifically addressed response rates to asciminib in ponatinib pretreated patients (PPT). Here, we present data on responses to asciminib from 52 patients in clinical practice, 20 of them (38%) with prior ponatinib exposure. We analyzed retrospectively responses and toxicities under asciminib and compared results between PPT and non-PPT patients.

After a median follow-up of 30 months, 34 patients (65%) switched to asciminib due to intolerance and 18 (35%) due to resistance to prior TKIs. Forty-six patients (88%) had received at least 3 prior TKIs. Regarding responses, complete cytogenetic response was achieved or maintained in 74% and 53% for non-PPT and PPT patients, respectively. Deeper responses such as major molecular response and molecular response 4.5 were achieved in 65% and 19% in non-PPT versus 32% and 11% in PPT, respectively. Two patients (4%) harbored the T315I mutation, both PPT.

In terms of toxicities, non-PPT displayed 22% grade 3–4 TEAE versus 20% in PPT. Four patients (20% of PPT) suffered from cross-intolerance with asciminib as they did under ponatinib.

Our data supports asciminib as a promising alternative in resistant and intolerant non-PPT patients, as well as in intolerant PPT patients; the resistant PPT subset remains as a challenging group in need of further therapeutic options.
Mid-infrared laser polarization spectroscopy for quantitative measurement of species and temperature: a review
Authors: Zhao Wanxia , Alwahabi Zeyad T. , Dally Bassam B.
Published: August 2022

Mid-infrared laser polarization spectroscopy (IRPS) is a powerful diagnostic technique suitable for the quantitative measurement of species concentration and temperature. IRPS is well suited to reactive multiphase flows and is not affected by the presence of particles and other nanostructures. It has the potential to detect species that have no accessible single-photon electronic transition in the UV/Visible range. In this review, an overview of the various contributions that have been devoted to the development and application of IRPS are summarized and discussed. The basic theoretical framework is presented and the nature of the IRPS experiments is described. Then, several types of IRPS applications are reviewed, including the measurement of the concentration of minor species and the temperature, the study of molecular dynamics and collision energy transfer, and the feasibility of 2D imaging with high spatial resolution. Finally, future prospects, required improvements, and potential application fields of IRPS are provided.
ENSO atmospheric feedbacks under global warming and their relation to mean-state changes
Authors: Bayr Tobias , Latif Mojib
Published: August 2022

Two atmospheric feedbacks play an important role in the dynamics of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), namely the amplifying zonal wind feedback and the damping heat flux feedback. Here we investigate how and why both feedbacks change under global warming in climate models participating in the 5th and 6th phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 and CMIP6) under the business-as-usual scenario (RCP8.5 and SSP5-8.5, respectively). The amplifying zonal wind feedback over the western equatorial Pacific (WEP) becomes significantly stronger in two third of the models, on average by 12 ± 7% in these models. The heat flux damping feedback over the eastern and central equatorial Pacific (EEP and CEP, respectively) increases as well in nearly all models, with the damping effect increasing on average by 18 ± 11%. The simultaneous strengthening of the two feedbacks can be explained by the stronger warming in the EEP relative to the WEP and the off-equatorial regions, which shifts the rising branch of the Pacific Walker Circulation to the east and increases the mean convection over the CEP. This in turn leads to a stronger vertical wind response during ENSO events over the CEP that strengthens both atmospheric feedbacks. We separate the climate models into sub-ensembles with STRONG and WEAK ENSO atmospheric feedbacks, as 2/3 of the models underestimate both feedbacks under present-day conditions by more than 40%, causing an error compensation in the ENSO dynamics. The biased mean state in WEAK in 20C constrains the ENSO atmospheric feedback projection in 21C, as the models of the WEAK sub-ensemble also have weaker ENSO atmospheric feedbacks in 21C. Further, due to the more realistic dynamics and teleconnections, we postulate that one should have more confidence in the ENSO predictions with models belonging to the STRONG sub-ensemble. Finally, we analyze the relation between ENSO amplitude change and ENSO atmospheric feedback change. We find that models simulating an eastward shift of the zonal wind feedback and increasing precipitation over the EEP during Eastern Pacific El Niño events tend to predict a larger ENSO amplitude in response to global warming.
Third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in cardiothoracic transplant recipients: predictive factors for humoral response
Authors: Costard-Jäckle Angelika , Schramm René , Fischer Bastian , Rivinius Rasmus , Bruno Raphael , Müller Benjamin , Zittermann Armin , Boeken Udo , Westenfeld Ralf , Knabbe Cornelius , Gummert Jan
Published: August 2022

Background

We report the results of a prospective study on the immunogenicity of a 3rd dose of BNT162b2 in thoracic organ recipients with no or minimal response following a two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination scheme.

Methods

A total of 243 transplant recipients received a homologue 3rd dose. Anti-SARS-CoV2-immunoglobulins (IgGs) were monitored immediately before (T1), 4 weeks (T2) as well as 2 and 4 months after the 3rd dose. Neutralizing antibody capacity (NAC) was determined at T2. To reveal predictors for detectable humoral response, patients were divided into a positive response group (n = 129) based on the combined criteria of IgGs and NAC above the defined cut-offs at T2—and a group with negative response (n = 114), with both, IgGs and NAC beyond the cut-offs.

Results

The 3rd dose induced a positive humoral response in 53% of patients at T2, 47% were still non-responsive. Sero-positivity was significantly stronger in patients who presented with weak, but detectable IgGs already prior to the booster (T1), when compared to those with no detectable response at T1. Multivariable analysis identified age > 55 years, a period since transplantation < 2 years, a reduced glomerular filtration rate, a triple immunosuppressive regimen, and the use of tacrolimus and of mycophenolate as independent risk factors for lack of humoral response.

Conclusions

Our data indicate that a lack of immunogenicity is linked to the type and extent of maintenance immunosuppression. The necessity of the cumulative immunosuppressive regimen might individually be questioned and possibly be reduced to enhance the chance of an immune response following an additional booster dose.
People perception and stereotype-based responding: task context matters
Authors: Persson Linn M. , Falbén Johanna K. , Tsamadi Dimitra , Macrae C. Neil
Published: August 2022

Whether group impact social perception is a topic of renewed theoretical and empirical interest. In particular, it remains unclear when and how the composition of a group influences a core component of social cognition—stereotype-based responding. Accordingly, exploring this issue, here we investigated the extent to which different task requirements moderate the stereotype-related products of people perception. Following the presentation of same-sex groups that varied in facial typicality (i.e., high or low femininity/masculinity), participants had to report either the gender-related status of target words (i.e., a group-irrelevant gender-classification task) or whether the items were stereotypic or counter-stereotypic with respect to the preceding groups (i.e., a group-relevant stereotype-status task). Critically, facial typicality only impacted performance in the stereotype-status task. A further computational analysis (i.e., Diffusion Model) traced this effect to the combined operation of stimulus processing and response biases during decision-making. Specifically, evidence accumulation was faster when targets followed groups that were high (vs. low) in typicality and these arrays also triggered a stronger bias toward stereotypic (vs. counter-stereotypic) responses. Collectively, these findings elucidate when and how group variability influences people perception.
Kidney biopsy diagnosis in childhood in the Norwegian Kidney Biopsy Registry and the long-term risk of kidney replacement therapy: a 25-year follow-up
Authors: Gjerstad Ann Christin , Skrunes Rannveig , Tøndel Camilla , Åsberg Anders , Leh Sabine , Klingenberg Claus , Døllner Henrik , Hammarstrøm Clara , Bjerre Anna Kristina
Published: August 2022

Background

There is scarce information on biopsy-verified kidney disease in childhood and its progression to chronic kidney disease stage 5 (CKD 5). This study aims to review biopsy findings in children, and to investigate risk of kidney replacement therapy (KRT).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective long-term follow-up study of children included in the Norwegian Kidney Biopsy Registry (NKBR) and in the Norwegian Renal Registry (NRR) from 1988 to 2021.

Results

In total, 575 children with a median (interquartile range, IQR) age of 10.7 (6.1 to 14.1) years were included, and median follow-up time (IQR) after kidney biopsy was 14.3 (range 8.9 to 21.6) years. The most common biopsy diagnoses were minimal change disease (MCD; n = 92), IgA vasculitis nephritis (IgAVN; n = 76), IgA nephropathy (n = 63), and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS; n = 47). In total, 118 (20.5%) of the biopsied children reached CKD 5, median (IQR) time to KRT 2.3 years (7 months to 8.4 years). Most frequently, nephronophthisis (NPHP; n = 16), FSGS (n = 30), IgA nephropathy (n = 9), and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN; n = 9) led to KRT.

Conclusions

The risk of KRT after a kidney biopsy diagnosis is highly dependent on the diagnosis. None of the children with MCD commenced KRT, while 63.8% with FSGS and 100% with NPHP reached KRT. Combining data from kidney biopsy registries with registries on KRT allows for detailed information concerning the risk for later CKD 5 after biopsy-verified kidney disease in childhood.

Graphical abstract

A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information
Efficacy of lower arch leveling, lower incisors’ root resorption, and pain associated with the correction of curve of Spee using different orthodontic archwires: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Nasrawi Yousef H. , Alhaija Elham S. Abu , Al Maaitah Emad F.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To compare between 3 archwires (AWs) for leveling curve of Spee (COS) in terms of efficacy of reduction, external apical root resorption (EARR), pain experienced, and the lower arch dimensional changes during COS leveling.

Trial design

Randomized clinical trial.

Setting

Jordan University of Science and Technology Postgraduate dental clinics.

Material and methods

Fifty-three subjects with COS > 5 mm were included in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups based on the AW used: group 1, 0.017 × 0.025-inch stainless-steel (SS) AW; group 2, 0.019 × 0.025-inch SS AW; and group 3, 0.021 × 0.025-inch β-titanium (TMA) AW. The intervention was randomly allocated using the permuted random block size of 3 with a 1:1:1 allocation ratio. In the three groups, a 5-mm depth reverse COS was placed in the AWs. The following time points were defined for COS assessment: T1, before interventional leveling AW placement; and T2–T7, 1–6 months after interventional leveling AW placement. Records consisted of dental study models and periapical (PA) radiographs. Pain scores were recorded using visual analogue scale. Patients were followed up on a monthly basis until COS < 1.5 mm.

Main outcome measures

COS depth reduction, lower incisors’ EARR, pain scores, and arch dimensional changes.

Results

An overall reduction of 3.82 mm, 4.47 mm, and 3.85 mm of the depth of COS was achieved in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The mean differences of 0.65 mm between groups 1 and 2 and 0.62 mm between groups 2 and 3 were significant atP < 0.05. Lower incisors’ EARR during leveling COS ranged from 0.68 to 0.72 mm, from 0.63 to 0.82 mm, and from 0.53 to 0.88 mm in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P > 0.05). Higher pain scores were reported by group 2 subjects during the first 24 h. Arch length and width increased significantly in groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.05). In all groups, COS leveling was achieved by lower incisor intrusion and proclination and lower molar extrusion.

Conclusions

All investigated AWs were effective in leveling COS with minimal lower incisors’ EARR (< 1 mm). COS was leveled by lower incisors’ intrusion and proclination and lower molar extrusion. Pain scores were the highest in group 2 during the first 24 h.

Clinical relevance

The 3 investigated leveling AWs were effective for the leveling COS and at the same time safe on the roots of the lower anterior teeth.
Real-time obstacle detection in a darkroom using a monocular camera and a line laser
Authors: Akamine Sota , Totoki Shingo , Itami Taku , Yoneyama Jun
Published: August 2022

When a disaster strikes, one of the highest priorities is to save the lives of the victims. The proportion of victims that rescuers can save is strongly related to how quickly rescue efforts can begin. Therefore, early detection of disaster victims is very important. However, significant risks are involved in rescue operations immediately after a disaster. In fact, in the Great East Japan Earthquake, approximately 250 firefighters died while rescuing victims. Under such circumstances, rapid and safe rescue operations are needed at disaster sites. For this purpose, it is important to improve the technology of disaster relief robots. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to measure the linear distance to an obstacle in real time using only a line laser and a monocular camera. This approach allows the use of a camera to obtain more information than the one-dimensional information such as that obtained by ultrasonic sensors. Moreover, this method of obstacle detection for disaster rescue robots is smaller and more durable than large measurement systems such as LiDAR that have been used in the past. In addition, since only one camera is used, the processing cost is low and the processing equipment is expected to be small. The proposed method’s effectiveness is indicated by comparing the distance measured from the image processing results in a dynamic environment with the actual distance between the obstacle and a crawler robot by having the robot move straight toward to an obstacle.
Evaluating the effectiveness of automatic image captioning for web accessibility
Authors: Leotta Maurizio , Mori Fabrizio , Ribaudo Marina
Published: August 2022

The web has become a fundamental tool for carrying out many activities spanning from education to work and private life. For this reason, it must be accessible to every user regardless of any form of impairment or disability. Images on the web are a primary means for communicating information, and specific HTML elements were defined to enrich images with textual descriptions, which can be read aloud by screen readers or rendered by braille displays. A relevant problem is that adding a text describing each image published on a website is a demanding task requiring a non-negligible effort for web developers. Several tools based on machine learning have emerged, which can automatically return descriptions for the images. In this work, we evaluate the correctness of their outputs by comparing the generated descriptions with human-defined references. More specifically, we selected 60 images from Wikipedia and their corresponding descriptions as defined by Wikipedia contributors. We then generated the corresponding descriptions employing four state of the art tools (Azure Computer Vision Engine, Amazon Rekognition, Cloudsight, and Auto Alt-Text for Google Chrome) and asked 76 computer science students to blindly evaluate the perceived correctness of the descriptions without being aware of their source. The results show that the descriptions available in Wikipedia are still perceived as the best ones. However, some tools generate good results for specific categories of images, and they can represent proper candidates for the automated and massive addition of image descriptions to websites, helping to increase the accessibility level of the web drastically.
Highdicom: a Python Library for Standardized Encoding of Image Annotations and Machine Learning Model Outputs in Pathology and Radiology
Authors: Bridge Christopher P. , Gorman Chris , Pieper Steven , Doyle Sean W. , Lennerz Jochen K. , Kalpathy-Cramer Jayashree , Clunie David A. , Fedorov Andriy Y. , Herrmann Markus D.
Published: August 2022

Machine learning (ML) is revolutionizing image-based diagnostics in pathology and radiology. ML models have shown promising results in research settings, but the lack of interoperability between ML systems and enterprise medical imaging systems has been a major barrier for clinical integration and evaluation. The DICOM® standard specifies information object definitions (IODs) and services for the representation and communication of digital images and related information, including image-derived annotations and analysis results. However, the complexity of the standard represents an obstacle for its adoption in the ML community and creates a need for software libraries and tools that simplify working with datasets in DICOM format. Here we present the highdicom library, which provides a high-level application programming interface (API) for the Python programming language that abstracts low-level details of the standard and enables encoding and decoding of image-derived information in DICOM format in a few lines of Python code. The highdicom library leverages NumPy arrays for efficient data representation and ties into the extensive Python ecosystem for image processing and machine learning. Simultaneously, by simplifying creation and parsing of DICOM-compliant files, highdicom achieves interoperability with the medical imaging systems that hold the data used to train and run ML models, and ultimately communicate and store model outputs for clinical use. We demonstrate through experiments with slide microscopy and computed tomography imaging, that, by bridging these two ecosystems, highdicom enables developers and researchers to train and evaluate state-of-the-art ML models in pathology and radiology while remaining compliant with the DICOM standard and interoperable with clinical systems at all stages. To promote standardization of ML research and streamline the ML model development and deployment process, we made the library available free and open-source at https://github.com/herrmannlab/highdicom.
Prescription of opioid analgesics for non-cancer pain in Germany: study protocol for a mixed methods analysis
Authors: Schrader Nils Frederik , Niemann Anja , Speckemeier Christian , Abels Carina , Blase Nikola , Giebel Godwin Denk , Riederer Cordula , Nadstawek Joachim , Straßmeir Wolfgang , Wasem Jürgen , Neusser Silke
Published: August 2022

Aim

Long-term therapy with opioid analgesics bears the risk of complications, such as misuse, abuse, and dependence. An evidence-based guideline addresses the long-term use of opioid analgesics for non-cancer pain. Recent studies observed an increase in opioid prescriptions over the past two decades in Germany. However, the exact circumstances of this increase and if long-term therapy adheres to these guidelines in practice remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the provision of opioid analgesics for adults with non-cancer pain from patients’ and physicians’ perspectives. Based on the results, recommendations for care strategies for the patient groups at risk of misuse, abuse, and dependence were developed.

Methods

Built on a mixed methods approach, this evaluation combines (i) interviews with primary care physicians and specialists, (ii) surveys of patients and physicians, (iii) analyses based on administrative claims data from a German statutory health insurance provider. Proceeding from the analysis of the evaluation results, the development of care strategies included (iv) semi-structured interviews with stakeholders and (v) expert workshops.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to analyze opioid prescriptions from the combined perspectives of patients and practitioners in Germany. The results are intended to facilitate the development of target group-specific care strategies and recommendations to establish a general framework for the implementation of care strategies.
A framework for the estimation of treatment costs of cardiovascular conditions in the presence of disease transition
Authors: Goswami Mohit , Daultani Yash , Paul Sanjoy Kumar , Pratap Saurabh
Published: August 2022

The current research aims to aid policymakers and healthcare service providers in estimating expected long-term costs of medical treatment, particularly for chronic conditions characterized by disease transition. The study comprised two phases (qualitative and quantitative), in which we developed linear optimization-based mathematical frameworks to ascertain the expected long-term treatment cost per patient considering the integration of various related dimensions such as the progression of the medical condition, the accuracy of medical treatment, treatment decisions at respective severity levels of the medical condition, and randomized/deterministic policies. At the qualitative research stage, we conducted the data collection and validation of various cogent hypotheses acting as inputs to the prescriptive modeling stage. We relied on data collected from 115 different cardio-vascular clinicians to understand the nuances of disease transition and related medical dimensions. The framework developed was implemented in the context of a multi-specialty hospital chain headquartered in the capital city of a state in Eastern India, the results of which have led to some interesting insights. For instance, at the prescriptive modeling stage, though one of our contributions related to the development of a novel medical decision-making framework, we illustrated that the randomized versus deterministic policy seemed more cost-competitive. We also identified that the expected treatment cost was most sensitive to variations in steady-state probability at the “major” as opposed to the “severe” stage of a medical condition, even though the steady-state probability of the “severe” state was less than that of the “major” state.
Hawkes-driven stochastic volatility models: goodness-of-fit testing of alternative intensity specifications with S &P500 data
Authors: Raffaelli Iacopo , Scotti Simone , Toscano Giacomo
Published: August 2022

We introduce a novel stochastic volatility model with price and volatility co-jumps driven by Hawkes processes and develop a feasible maximum-likelihood procedure to estimate the parameters driving the jump intensity. Using S &P500 high-frequency prices over the period May 2007–August 2021, we then perform a goodness-of-fit test of alternative jump intensity specifications and find that the hypothesis of the intensity being linear in the asset volatility provides the relatively best fit, thereby suggesting that jumps have a self-exciting nature.
Mathematical consensus: a research program
Authors: Wagner Roy
Published: August 2022

One of the distinguishing features of mathematics is the exceptional level of consensus among mathematicians. However, an analysis of what mathematicians agree on, how they achieve this agreement, and the relevant historical conditions is lacking. This paper is a programmatic intervention providing a preliminary analysis and outlining a research program in this direction.

First, I review the process of ‘negotiation’ that yields agreement about the validity of proofs. This process most often does generate consensus, however, it may give rise to another kind of disagreement: whether the original and new proof are effectively the same, leading to potential disagreement about the validity of the original proof.

Second, I historicize the phenomenon of consensus. I show that in earlier European mathematics and other mathematical cultures, consensus about the validity of arguments was substantially weaker or conceived differently than it is today. This means that contemporary consensus about the validity of mathematical proofs should be explained by historical changes in mathematical practice.

Finally, I conjecture what brought about the contemporary form of mathematical consensus. Since a sharp rise in consensus occurs around the turn of the 20th century, it makes sense to explain this consensus by the concurrent formalization of mathematics. However, this explanation has a major flaw: it explains a really existing phenomenon (consensus) by something that hardly ever happens (writing proofs in formal languages). I will therefore explain the ways in which formalization does enter mathematical practice so as to account for contemporary forms of mathematical consensus.
Numerical Simulations of Boundary-Layer Airflow Over Pitched-Roof Buildings
Authors: Coburn Matthew , Xie Zheng-Tong , Herring Steven J.
Published: August 2022

Arrays of buildings with pitched roofs are common in urban and suburban areas of European cities. Large-eddy simulations are performed to predict the boundary-layer flows over flat and pitched-roof cuboids to gain a greater understanding of the impact of pitched roofs on urban boundary layers. The simulation methodology is validated for an array of flat roof cuboids. Further simulations show that changes in the type of grid conformity have a negligible effect on the mean flow field and turbulent stresses, while having a visible, but small, effect on the dispersive stresses for a given packing density. Comparisons are made for flat and $$45^\circ $$

45
∘

pitched roof cuboid arrays at packing densities of 16.7% and 33.3%. The interactions between pitched-roof buildings and their effect on the urban boundary layer are considerably different to those of flat-roof buildings. The pitched roofs at a packing density of 33.3% leads to significant changes in the mean flow field, the Reynolds stresses, and the aerodynamic drag. Further work investigates the effects of changes in turbulence level and atmospheric thermal stratification in the approaching flow. Importantly, in comparison to a flat-roof array, the pitched-roof one at a packing density of 33.3% evidently increase the friction velocity and greatly reduces the effects of stable stratification conditions and changes in inflow turbulence level.
Across Textual Landscapes: The Role of Affect During Digital Reading Encounters
Authors: Hermansson Carina , Olin-Scheller Christina
Published: August 2022

This article addresses questions related to how the change in the textual landscape, from paper-based books to electronic books, has an effect on the teaching of reading in early childhood classrooms as well as how the digital devices relate to different aspects of reading instruction. Drawing on the theoretical concept of affect, the purpose is to expand knowledge about processes of experiencing literary digital texts that are enacted and produced in a Swedish classroom when the teacher and the six-year-old students encounter digital narrative texts. The study draws on ethnographical methods to collect empirical material using video recording, field notes, and small interviews with children. The documentation includes both individual and collaborative reading of digital narratives. Discussed in the intersection between envisionment and affect, the results show that e-book activities create multiple and differing processes of reading. The metacognitive processes initiated by the teacher’s instruction of reading strategies create a distance between the student and the text, while processes of embodied sense-making create a closeness to the text that seems to be vital when the students encounter digital narratives and text worlds. These findings may contribute to educational as well as edu-political discussions about pedagogical rationales for e-book activities in which the dynamic and essential relation between body, space, and reading is made prominent.
The Pathogenic Role of Oxidative Stress, Cytokine Expression, and Impaired Hematological Indices in Diabetic Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Saad Howaida , Soliman Hanan A. , Mahmoud Basant , Moneim Adel Abdel , Zaky Mohamed Y.
Published: August 2022

Abstract

A simultaneous increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), has contributed to the escalation of CVD related mortalities. To date, oxidative stress and inflammation are increasingly recognized as significant drivers of cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes. Therefore, this study aims to explore the correlation between oxidative stress, inflammation, and hematological indices in diabetic patients with CVDs. Patients were allocated into five groups: healthy controls; nondiabetic patients with myocardial infarction; diabetic patients with myocardial infarction; nondiabetic patients with heart failure; and diabetic patients with heart failure. The results revealed that the malondialdehyde levels were increased; whereas superoxide dismutase enzyme activities were markedly reduced in all CVD groups compared with those of healthy controls. Although the mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, and IL-38 were significantly increased, those of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-35, have been reduced in all CVD groups compared with healthy controls. Regarding hematological indices, hematocrit, red blood cell distribution width, mean platelet (PLT) volume, plateletcrit, PLT distribution width, leukocyte count, and PLT-to-lymphocyte and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios were markedly increased in the diabetic and nondiabetic CVD groups compared with those of the healthy controls. Oxidative stress and cytokine biomarkers may play a significant role in the complications of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Moreover, hematological indices are particularly sensitive to systemic inflammatory changes and are novel markers for the early detection of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Political alignment and project funding
Authors: Schneider Luisa , Wech Daniela , Wrede Matthias
Published: August 2022

We analyze the relationship between the party affiliation of politicians at different levels of government and the spatial distribution of funding for research, development and innovation projects. In particular, we are investigating whether more federal grants are being granted in Germany for projects in federal states whose government is led by the same political party as the responsible ministry at federal level. Our dataset contains detailed information on publicly funded projects in Germany in the period 2010–2019. Using a fixed-effects estimation approach, we find a link between grant allocation and party affiliation of funding for research, development and innovation projects, in particular smaller ones. For these projects, political alignment is associated with an average increase in public funding by almost 10,000 euro. Our results suggest that public funds for research, development and innovation projects could be used more efficiently than they are.
About the Reaction to Styles of Thought on the Continental Drift Debate
Authors: Pellegrini Pablo A.
Published: August 2022

The article appearing previously in this journal entitled “Styles of Thought on the Continental Drift Debate” (Pellegrini 2019) prompted a response from Weber and Šešelja (2020) which they termed as “a defence of rationalist accounts”. They argue that their self-designated “sophisticated rationalism” explains the closure of the continental-drift debate without being affected by my critiques to rationalist approaches. While ignoring the empirical evidence that shows the complexity of the debate and the necessity to include broader social elements in the analysis (such as scientists denying continental drift even after the plate tectonics theory, others supporting it without being familiarized with the literature), they proclaim to be unconvinced about the analysis of the styles of thought. In order to clarify differences in the approach to the continental-drift historical controversy, I respond here to the criticism my paper drew while discussing the place of rationalism when explaining the acceptance of a theory. I will argue that their distinction between “crude” and “sophisticated” rationalism does not solve the problem of social aspects being left aside by rationalists in view of the acceptance of a theory. I will also argue that in order to understand what leads people to embrace a belief (namely scientists in accepting a theory), the analysis of mere cognitive or epistemic arguments is not enough and it leads to a reductionist explanation as to social behaviour.
A Review of the Legal, Regulatory and Practical Aspects Needed to Unlock Autonomous Beyond Visual Line of Sight Unmanned Aircraft Systems Operations
Authors: Matalonga Santiago , White Samuel , Hartmann Jacques , Riordan James
Published: August 2022

Services that exploit Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are poised to revolutionise the service industry with a projected value of 71 BUSD by the end of the decade. A key enabler of this technology is the unlocking of autonomous Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) operations. BVLOS operations will depend on a robust Detect and Avoid (D&A) capability. Yet, currently in the UK and EU, BVLOS operations are only allowed in specific cases and scenarios. As a result, the technological landscape for the development of robust D&A faces limitations, and there is little market incentive for development. Furthermore, while automated BVLOS is a future technology, a strong D&A capability is of importance now for all types of UAS operations. As the remote pilot has to deal with information overload from the controller device and the environment. These high-risk UAS operations are becoming more common. In this paper, we discuss the current legal framework in the UK making comparisons to EU countries. We make the case that even when an operation abides by the current framework the remote pilot is exposed to several legal liabilities. We review the roadmaps for UAS adoption (including certification processes for UAS-based products) and highlight that for software-intensive systems, key steps are missing to assure the quality of the product. Finally, we build on these findings to set forwards a path to complement future certification processes to enable autonomous based UAS operations to share the airspace with remotely piloted operations.
A Deep Learning based Feature Entity Relationship Extraction Method for Telemedicine Sensing Big Data
Authors: Zheng Wenkui , Hou Wei , Lin Jerry Chun-Wei
Published: August 2022

To solve the problem of inaccurate entity extraction caused by low application efficiency and big data noise in telemedicine sensing data, a deep learning-based method for entity relationship extraction in telemedicine big data is proposed. By analyzing the distribution structure of the medical sensing big data, the fuzzy function of the distribution shape is calculated and the seed relationship set is transformed by the inverse Shearlet transform. Combined with the deep learning technology, the GMM-GAN data enhancement model is built, the interactive medical sensing big data features are obtained, the association rules are matched one by one, the noiseless medical sensing data are extracted in time sequence, the feature items with the highest similarity are obtained and used as the constraint to complete the feature entity relationship extraction of the medical sensing data. The experimental results show that the extracted similarity of entity relations is more than 70%, which can handle overly long and complex sentences in telemedicine information text; the extraction time is the shortest and the volatility is low.
„Aber was, […] wenn es nicht so ist?“ Ambivalente Figurationen der Zeit in Daniel Kehlmanns ‚Mahlers Zeit‘
Authors: Krönert Lukas
Published: August 2022

Daniel Kehlmann’s novelMahlers Zeitquestions the role of time as a fundamental tool through which humans access the world. While the novel’s protagonist believes that he can debunk the linearity of time, the narration of the text remains ambiguous about whether or not he is right. As the text oscillates between different conceptions of time—each presented as plausible only to be denied again—it develops an image of the world as an inscrutable place where humans cannot transcend the sphere of phenomena because they are always thrown back to their sensorium. The unmediated juxtaposition of the incompatible that prevents obtaining metaphysical certainty implies a rejection of the concepts of Magical Realism as well as Surrealism, both of which presuppose a knowledge of the metaphysical structure of the narrated world. Therefore,Mahlers Zeitrequires a different classification:Gebrochener Realismus(Broken Realism). Moreover, because of the strict functionality of the moments of uncertainty, the category ofGebrochener Realismusis even more appropriate than Todorov’s fantastic.
On busy periods of the critical GI/G/1 queue and BRAVO
Authors: Nazarathy Yoni , Palmowski Zbigniew
Published: August 2022

We study critical GI/G/1 queues under finite second-moment assumptions. We show that the busy-period distribution is regularly varying with index half. We also review previously known M/G/1/ and M/M/1 derivations, yielding exact asymptotics as well as a similar derivation for GI/M/1. The busy-period asymptotics determine the growth rate of moments of the renewal process counting busy cycles. We further use this to demonstrate a Balancing Reduces Asymptotic Variance of Outputs (BRAVO) phenomenon for the work-output process (namely the busy time). This yields new insight on the BRAVO effect. A second contribution of the paper is in settling previous conjectured results about GI/G/1 and GI/G/s BRAVO. Previously, infinite buffer BRAVO was generally only settled under fourth-moment assumptions together with an assumption about the tail of the busy period. In the current paper, we strengthen the previous results by reducing to assumptions to existence of$$2+\epsilon $$2+ϵmoments.
Ecocentric Living: A Way Forward Towards Zero Carbon: A Conversation about Indigenous Law and Leadership Based on Custodianship and Praxis
Authors: McIntyre-Mills Janet J. , Makaulule Mphatheleni , Lethole Patricia , Pitsoane E. , Arko-Achemfuor Akwasi , Wirawan Rudolf , Widianingsih Ida
Published: August 2022

This paper reflects on leadership shown in Venda, Southern Africa to protect the lungs of the planet and draws out key themes on the way Indigenous wisdom — underpinned by a sense of the sacred and the profane – expressed in solidarity with nature - are vital for protecting forests. It explores indigenous wisdom on their kinship with organic and inorganic sacred totems (plants, animals and features of the landscape) which are protected through relationships that inform governance. The ongoing community of practice and related projects make a case for standing together to address climate change. The paper was developed as part of a University of South Africa project together with the named authors. Mphatheleni Makaulule has developed an a priori and a posterioriapproachto Ecosystemic governance that resonates with the work of Wangari Maathai. Makaulule’s leadership in Venda that is discussed with fellow project members who are exploring how the agendas for COP 26 could be attained by fostering law informed by Bateson’s concept an “ecology of mind – which means an understanding of human beings’ place within living systems and our need for both education and laws to protect ecosystems such as forests (which are the lungs of the world) and the water systems (which are the life blood of all living systems). The governance approach in Venda emphasised the need to think in terms of our relationships with all living systems. The idea of extending a sense of solidarity to others is explored deeply with Makaulule and colleagues by considering similar approaches in other places, such as the Amazon where Makaulule spent time learning from shamanic leaders, Ghana (where Akwasi Achemfuor has undertaken research), Northern Territory and South Australia (where McIntyre was mentored by Peter Turner and Olive Veverbrants). The paper also refers to the work of Widianingsih based on an in-depth discussion on the Kasepuhan Ciptagelar community in West Java that has also been protecting the forests for more than 300 years. The authors explore whether attributing personhood to nature, could be regarded as limiting a notion of mystical and pragmatic recognition of interbeing or even a form of colonising the notion of interbeing? We suggest that a community of practice approach (Wenger, 1999, Wenger et al., 2009) to support learning organisations and communities could support two-way education to enable cross cultural, cross disciplinary and transnational learning to support steps towards wellbeing through sharing our understanding of interbeing in dialogue, it became clear that transcendence through totemism, dreams and shamanistic rituals support a sense of oneness with nature, relationality as well as a sense of awe, solidarity and responsibility for others which is being increasingly recognised in the arts and sciences.