bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Proteomic and Molecular Techniques in Isolation of Listeria Monocytogenes in Minced Meat
Authors: Radwan Marwa , Helmy Nashwa , Mousa Mohamed
Published: September 2022

Listeria monocytogenes is one of the emerging pathogens worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate and Assess different techniques; Conventional cultural methods; Biochemical identification; Automated Biochemical identification (Vitek 2 compact); Proteomic identification MALDI-TOF MS and Molecular identification (RT- PCR) in Isolation and Identification of Listeria monocytogenes in minced meat retailed in local markets in Alexandria City, Egypt. Prevalence of suspected listeria spp. isolated from examined samples of minced meat by conventional culture method were 65% (65/100), while prevalence of L. monocytogenes isolated from examined samples of minced meat 30.8% (20/65), 23.07% (15/65) and 53.8% (35/65) by ViTeK2 compact; MALDI-TOF MS and RT-PCR, respectively, with overall prevalence 53.8 % (35/65) considering molecular detection results which depends on gene detection which offer the highest Sensitivity in identification of L. monocytogenes . Identification of L. monocytogenes within (Vitek 2 Compact) were as followed, L. monocytogenes 30.8% (20/65), while L. innoca 23,07%(15/65).,while within MALDI -TOF MS were as followed L. monocytogenes 23,08% (15/65), while L. innoca 20%(13/65).The prevalence of L. innoca lower than L. monocytogenes , L. monocytogenes was most commonly detected in minced meat. The high isolation rate of L. monocytogenes among the examined minced meat highlight the risk of transmission of infection to human consumer and enforcing quality assurance programs as Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) program during processing, handling and storage of minced meat.
Molecular Prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in Anatolian Water Buffaloes in Diyarbakır, Turkey
Authors: elik Bur , elik zg , Ayan Adnan , n zlem , Ayan zge , Ercan Kerem
Published: September 2022

The water buffaloes raised in Turkey originate from the Mediterranean water buffalo, a subgroup of the river buffalo, and are called the Anatolian buffalo. Blastocystis spp. is an anaerobic enteric protozoan parasite that lives in the gastrointestinal tract of a wide variety of hosts, including humans. This study aims to determine the molecular prevalence of Blastocystis spp. in Anatolian buffaloes in Diyarbakır province. Fresh fecal samples from animals were placed in individual fecal sample containers. The sex and age of the animal were recorded for each sample collected. As a result of PCR analysis, specific bands of 500 bp were obtained in 34 (17%) of 200 samples. Prevalence by age groups was found 27.69% in the 0-1 age group and 11.85% in those older than one year (P<0.05). The prevalence by sex was 17.46% in females and 16.22% in males (P>0.05). As a result of this study, the presence of Blastocystis spp. was revealed in Anatolian Water Buffaloes in Diyarbakır. It is thought that further studies are needed to determine the zoonotic subtype potential of the agent in the region.
The Impact of Tax Policy on Income Distribution in Turkey: 1980-2018
Authors: rkylmaz Buse , Kahraman Serpil
Published: September 2022

Nowadays, inequality in income distribution is one of the major problems. In economic development, it is expected that the income should be equally distributed. But income is not evenly distributed without any other external policy intervention. Therefore, governments intervene in income distribution through financial policy via taxes. Direct taxes are fairer taxes because they are charged according to the income level of individuals. However, the share of direct taxes in total tax revenues is lower than the share of indirect taxes in Turkey. The purpose of this study is to explain how income distribution is affected by the change in taxes. To see the result of this effect, the relationship between the taxes and Gini coefficient is analyzed by performing ADRL boundary test method. Turkey’s data between the 1980-2018 periods is used to indicate how the change in the ratio of various taxes and total tax revenue to GDP affects the Gini coefficient. The result of this study, an increase in tax on goods and services %GDP causes an increase in the Gini index in the short-term and reducing effect in the long period. A rise in tax revenue %GDP decreases the Gini index in the short run and increases the Gini index in the long-term. Lastly, an increase in tax on corporate profits %GDP deteriorates income distribution in the long run.
A study on Faculty Job Satisfaction and Intention to leave- Case of Turkey
Authors: Altan Hacer
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study is to discuss the work satisfaction in higher education faculties in Turkey. With this purpose in mind, a survey entitled "A Study of Academic Mobility" was applied. The survey consists of several independent variables such as organizational commitment, demographic information, role ambiguity, income satisfaction, work stress measures, motivation and other variables. Among these variables, the effects of gender and type of university on the intention to leave jobs were especially focused on. The results were compared using the Chi square test and graphical analysis. This study focused on work satisfaction and intention to leave within the context of gender and type of university being worked at. On this study, what we found out is that, for academicians, the factors that has a key importance on their intentions to quit their jobs are also the very same factors that are related to satisfaction or dissatisfaction in regard to the organization. There is a significant relationship between work satisfaction and intention of quitting. We have seen that no matter what gender they are, academicians who work for government tend to leave their jobs more than private sector workers. On the other hand regardless of the type of institutions, there are dıfferent factors become prominent for different genders as far as quitting their jobs.
Tests for Comparison of Two Groups: Student’s T-test, Mann-Whitney U-test and Chi-square Test
Authors: Jankovic Slobodan
Published: September 2022

Background. Determining the significance of the difference between two study groups is performed using statistical tests, the choice of which depends on the character and distribution of data in those groups. Objective. The aim of this manuscript is to explain the logic and conditions of application of statistical tests for the comparison of two study groups. Methods. The manuscript was prepared as a narrative review article, based on the primary statistical literature. Results. The Student’s T-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test can be applied to the comparison of the values of a continuous variable between two groups, with the Student’s T-test subject to the mandatory condition that the data are normally distributed in both groups (the normality of the distribution is checked by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). The Chi-square test is applied if the values of a categorical variable are compared between two groups, provided that none of the values is represented in less than 6 patients. Conclusions. A prerequisite for accurately determining the significance of the difference between two groups is the application of an appropriate statistical test for which all conditions are met.
Characteristics and outcome of newborns delivered to SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant women at a tertiary care facility of rural Haryana, India
Authors: Kumar Dr , Siwach Dr , Dabas Dr , Lakra Dr
Published: September 2022

Introduction: COVID-19 has impacted different age groups with increasing influence among pregnant women and their neonates. Approximately one-fifth (20%) of global annual childbirth are reported from India. So there is significant population of neonates in India which can be affected with COVID-19 infection. As most of the information about fetal outcomes and characteristics of newborn of COVID-19 infected pregnant women is available from high-income countries and less from the developing countries, so it is essential to report the same from these countries.
Methods: This longitudinal cohort study was conducted over six months from April 2021 to September 2021 in the dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Paediatrics at BPS GMC (W), Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat. All pregnant women presenting to the emergency services of the institute were tested for COVID-19. Those found positive for COVID-19 were included and followed with antenatal visits till delivery. New-born data about gestational period, gender, type of delivery, weight at birth, SARS-CoV-2 infection, management, and outcome were collected.
Results: There were 54.41% vaginal delivery, 36.77% cesarean delivery and 8.82% abortion. 14.7% of the neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant women, were preterm with a mean gestational age of 36.15 ± 6.81weeks, 17.74% had low birth weight with the mean birth weight of 2029.18grams and 0% had birth asphyxia while 8.47% required NICU admission. Three stillbirths (4.4%) but no neonatal death were recorded. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among neonates was 6.8%.
Conclusion: The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among neonates of COVID-19 infected mothers was 6.8%. The newborns that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were all healthy and asymptomatic.
Kinetics of Granuloma, IFN-γ and IP-10 in a Wistar Rat Model Infected with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Authors: Singh Bobby , Wasita Brian , Reviono Reviono
Published: September 2022

Background: Improved access and treatment are critical to controlling the problem. Molecular diagnostic tests, although available, are not feasible in developing countries. Where available, these tests require state-of-the-art laboratories and are not cheap. One alternative to molecular diagnostics is the use of acute phase protein values. This protein is a protein whose levels will increase or decrease in plasma in response to injury or inflammation Objective: This study aimed to analyze the kinetics of granulomas and the role of IFN-γ and IP-10 in the pathology of tuberculosis in a rat model. Methods: Sixty Wistar rats were divided into four groups, namely the control group (without MTB induction) and the MTB-induced group (observations at week-3, week-6, and week-12 post infection). Induce tuberculosis with bacterial strain H37Rv ATCC 27294. Results: The number and size of the granuloma increased to a peak at week 6 and was consistent for weeks 6 and 12 post-infection. The kinetics of granulomas were consistent with IFN-γ and IP-10 levels. Conclusion: It was concluded that the model of tuberculosis infection by the H37Rv ATCC 27294 strain in Wistar rat found granuloma characteristics and IFN-γ and IP-10 patterns in similar kinetics, so that there was involvement of these molecules in TB pathology. Thus, tuberculosis infection of the H37Rv ATCC 27294 strain in rats can serve as a model for rapid tuberculosis study and display a complete pathological phase.
Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Susceptibility And Genuine Clinical Spectrum of Streptococcus anginosus Group; Our Experience At A University Hospital
Authors: Kaplan Nasser , Khader Yousef , Ghabashineh Dua
Published: September 2022

Background: Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) may be unrecognized or misidentified in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory resulting in under-reporting. Consequently, their role as genuine pathogens remains underestimated. Objectives: The aim of this study is to suggest a reasonable identification approach that is suitable for laboratories of limited resources, to detect any possible emerging antimicrobial resistance, and to assess the genuine clinical spectrum of infections that are caused solely by SAG. Methods: Our research included 190 bacterial isolates from 190 patients. The isolates were examined by colonies’ morphology, odor, hemolytic pattern on 5% sheep Blood agar and Gram staining. Lancefield serogrouping was determined by agglutination test. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed by disc diffusion method. The isolates were subjected to automated identification and AST by Vitek 2 compact instrument. The collected patients’ data included age, gender, clinical condition and/or site of infection, and probable predisposing factor. Results: All isolates produced minute-sized colonies that consistently generated distinct odor. The isolates showed variable hemolytic patterns, and the majority (74.7%) were non-hemolytic. The isolates showed different Lancefield serogroups, and the commonest was group F (54.2%). A total of 188 (98.9%) isolates were identified by Vitek 2 compact instrument at ≥95% confidence. The isolates showed high rates of antimicrobial susceptibility, however the highest rate of antimicrobial resistance was detected to gentamicin (60.5%). A total of 98 (51.6%) strains were isolated from superficial non-invasive skin and soft tissue infections, 67 (35.3%) strains from deep invasive and sterile body fluids’ infections, and 25 (13.1%) strains from upper respiratory tracts’ infections. Conclusion: a combination of phenotypic characteristics could still represent a reasonable Laboratory identification battery. There was no significant emerging antimicrobial resistance detected. A broad genuine spectrum of clinical infections that are caused solely by SAG was reported in our institution.
Traditional and Non-traditional Lipid Profiles in Bosnian Patients with Probable Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Dementia
Authors: Zaciragic Asija , Valjevac Amina , Dervisevic Amela , Fajkic Almir , Spahic Selma , Jadric Radivoj , Hasanbegovic Ilvana , Lepara Orhan
Published: September 2022

Background: Conflicting data exist on traditional lipid profiles in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD), whereas scarce number of studies evaluated non-traditional lipid profiles in patients with AD and VD. Studies have shown that ethnic background may affect lipid profile. Objective: The aim of the present study was to conduct comparative assessment of traditional and non-traditional lipid profiles in Bosnian patients with AD and VD. Methods: A controlled, cross-sectional study was performed with 66 patients with AD, 50 patients with VD, and 60 control subjects. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test was used for an evaluation of the global cognitive function. The Hachinski ischemic score was used to distinguish patients with VD from those with AD. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein -cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) levels were determined using standard enzymatic colorimetric techniques, whereas the Friedewald formula was used to calculate low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. The non-traditional lipid indices such as TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were separately calculated. The differences between the groups were analyzed with ANOVA followed by the Tuckey posthoc test or with the Kruskal Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Results of the present study have shown that patients in AD group had significantly lower level of TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, Non-HDL-C and significantly lower atherogenic index compared to the control group (CG) and compared to the VD patients. Significant difference in values of TG and VLDL-C was observed between VD and the CG, whereas no significant difference in values of TC, LDL-C, atherogenic index and Non-HDL-C was observed between these two groups. Our results have also shown that TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were significantly lower in AD patients compared to the VD and CG. Moreover, TG/HDL-C ratio was significantly lower in VD compared to the CG. However, a significant difference in TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C was not observed between VD and the CG. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study it can be deduced that there is a difference in traditional and non-traditional lipid profiles between AD and VD patients of Bosnian descent. Obtained results suggest that lipids are decreased in AD and in VD to a certain extent. However, since there is an inconsistence in literature whether there is an association between cholesterol and cognition, large prospective studies are required to elucidate this controversy.
Legal Regulations of the Health Statistics System and Reflections on the Creation and Implementation of Health Policy in Kosovo
Authors: Rugova Naser , Donev Doncho
Published: September 2022

Background: Health professionals and health institutions document their professional activities with patients based on health policy and legal framework. This creates valuable medical records not only for health institutions at the three levels, but also for scientific research purposes and government agencies that design policies, laws and strategies and implement and monitor these policies based on the health statistics that form the basis of these policies, as well as for the health system not only at the national level, but also at the regional and local levels. Objective: To analyze the impact of the legal framework for health statistics in Kosovo on the planning of health system needs, human and financial resources and other components related to the collection, analysis and processing of data and health statistics, and on the basis of these statistics, to develop sectoral strategies, but also other key strategic documents for decision-making in the health system of Kosovo. Methods: Decision-makers and stakeholders, as well as other staff involved in the system of health statistics at the three organization levels of the health system in Kosovo, including inspectors from the Health Inspectorate, were interviewed through specific questionnaires. Results: The analysis of the laws, bylaws and other provisions that regulate and directly influence the data system and health statistics in Kosovo revealed that the institutional role is unclear, the legislation is insufficient and in many cases regulations are missing, which are an essential prerequisite for the implementation of the legislation and consequently influence the insufficient decision-making process. Conclusion: The research and findings provide sufficient evidence that the Kosovo’s system for health data and statistics has serious shortcomings, starting with the legal framework, organizational structure, functional organization, segregation of duties and responsibilities, pronounced lack of staff, professional profiles and required technology, which in turn affects unreliable decision-making and health policy.
D-dimer as a Predictive Factor of Axillary Lymph Node Metastases in Operable Breast Cancer Patients in the Teaching Hospital of Universitas Sumatera Utara
Authors: Hermansyah Dedy , Firsty Naufal , Nasution Rifwanul , Siregar Denny
Published: September 2022

Background: Axillary lymph node (ALN) involvement in breast cancer (BC) is considered to be a significant factor in determining the diseases’ extent at the moment. The spreading capacity of cancerous cells may linearly correlate with its activity level, which in turn alter the coagulation function as commonly represented by fibrin degradation biomarker i.e., D-dimer. Although ALN metastatic status is eventually should be perceptible in physical examinations or other diagnostic modalities, an additional marker to estimate the lymph node extent should be considered in the pre-operative sessions. Objective: To provide the correlation between elevated D-dimer level and ALN metastatic status positivity among BC patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Teaching Hospital of Universitas Sumatera Utara by retrieving outpatients’ medical records from June 2018 to January 2019, encompassing 111 female patients. The ALN involvement status was recorded along with plasma D-dimer level in which the value of 500 ng/mL was considered to be elevated. Results: From the 102 eligible participants, 47.1% and 70.6% were confirmed with elevated D-dimer level and ALN involved respectively. Further analysis of those variables demonstrated a considerable diagnostic performance for sensitivity (64.4%), specificity (79.1%), PPV (80.9%), NPV (61.8%), accuracy (70.6%) and statistically significant results (P = .001). Conclusion: Elevated D-dimer level may be influenced by cancerous spread capacity in the lymphatic system, as it also eventually correlated with coagulation system dysregulation. Therefore, it is suggested that the role of D-dimer measurement is recommended to be explored further in BC diagnostic workup.
Exploring the Potential of Poguntano Extract on Diabetes Management: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Widjaja Sry , Rusdiana Rusdiana , Wiyono Lowilius
Published: September 2022

Background: Poguntano (Picria fel-terrae Merr) is a traditional herb commonly used as a blood glucose lowering agent in Indonesia. However, the effectiveness of the herb has not yet been established. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to review the hypoglycemic effect of Poguntano extract in lowering plasma glucose levels. Methods: We conducted a literature search using peer-reviewed databases for relevant articles on Poguntano extract in animal models of diabetes. The effect size was pooled using a random effect model. Results: Two animal studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. There was a significant difference in plasma glucose levels between diabetic control and rats treated with Puguntano extract (MD: 28.77; 95%CI: 6.20–51.34; p=0.01). There was no significant difference between non-diabetic control and Poguntano extract. Conclusion: Poguntano extract lowers the blood glucose levels in diabetic rats compared to control.
Lactic Acidosis Associated with Metformin in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Rahman Fatkhu , Tuba Syahrul
Published: September 2022

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolite disorder with parameters of high blood sugar levels. In the management of diabetes can be used the drug metformin is the gold of choice to achieve a therapeutic effect and rarely causes side effects of the drug, but it still has debate view. However, if used in excessive doses for patients with kidney disease, it will be contraindicated with side effects such as lactic acidosis. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the side effect of Metformin for diabetic kidney diseases (DKD) patients. Method: This study used the Narrative Review Method that was obtained from 2011 to 2021, in the English language from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. Results: Metformin is at the forefront of the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Metformin is likely to have lactic acidosis-related adverse effects in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, such as increased arterial lactate. Lactic acidosis is defined as an increase in arterial lactate with an indicator of more than five mmol/L and an arterial blood pH of less than 7.35. Metformin-induced lactate levels are considered to be below the parameters. DKD risk factors can be conceptually classified as several susceptibility factors, initiation factors, and developmental factors. The two most prominent risk factors are hyperglycemia and hypertension. Conclusion: Metformin can increase lactate levels in CKD patients but is still below the parameters of lactic acidosis. This study may have some weaknesses and requires further prospective research to validate the results.
Is atherosklerosi̇s developing risk in patients with asthma?
Authors: Aslaner Oktay
Published: September 2022

Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways and is characterized by attacks of bronchospasm. Atherosclerosis develops as a result of a series of systemic inflammatory processes that begin with arterial endothelial dysfunction. Arteries tend to dilate in hypoxemic conditions Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD) is a non-invasive, low-cost, straightforward and effective method that was described some 20 years ago, showing endothelial function and therefore a predisposition to atherosclerosis, according to the reflex vasodilation response of the artery after occlusion. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of these patients to atherosclerosis by performing the FMD test in controlled and uncontrolled asthma groups. We included 61 asthma patients in this study and 30 healthy people enrolled thi study as control group. Thirty-two of the patients were uncontrolled, did not receive regular treatment and were not followed up regularly, whereas 29 patients were full symptom control. Pulmonary function tests were performed on all subjects who met the inclusion criteria of the study and gave informed consent. After the pulmonary function test, the right brachial artery diameters of all cases were measured from intima to intima by Doppler USG. FEV1 values were 67.28±9.89% in in patients with uncontrolled astma, and 79±7 in symptom free group of astma patients. The initial brachial artery diameter was 4.40±0.33 and The measurement made after 5 minutes was 4.69±0.296 (p<0.001) in patients with uncontrolled astmatic patents. The difference between these two measurements was 0.29±0.16. FMD tet results in Symptom free patients values were 4.45±03 and 4.81±0.4 respectively (p<0.001). Initial and after measurements difference between symptom free and uncontrolled patients were 0.36±0.16 and 0.29±0.11 p<0.01. There was not statistically significant difference between symptom free patients and healthy group. We have shown that vascular disfunction in symptomatic astma patients with FMD test. Atherosclerosis developing might be higher in asthma patients and this patients should be encourage to regular medicine usage.
Assessment of cochlear functions in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Yaslikaya Serhat , Aghayarov Ozlem , Yilmazer Cuneyt , Yuksel Selcen , Alev Mehtap , Yenigun Sevim
Published: September 2022

SARS-CoV-2 infection intensely increases thromboembolic events and inflammation. The inner ear can be easily damaged as a result of circulatory disorders and inflammation. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 may negatively affect the cochlea. Outer hairy cell damage in the inner ear is one of the first signs of sensorineural hearing loss. Otoacoustic emissions use is an effective, objective, and non-invasive method for early detection of hearing loss. Our study aims to determine whether the cochlea is affected in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who did not need intensive care treatment by using Distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) measurements. This study was conducted on 26 hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (patient group) and 25 healthy volunteers (control group). DPOAE measurements were performed on all participants in an audiometric test room. The DP-grams were obtained between 498Hz and 10000Hz. The DPOAE measurements were compared between two groups. When evaluated as a cluster, DP1 and the SNR values were found to be significantly lower in the patient group at frequencies 498, 996, 2002, 7998, 10000 Hz and frequencies 498, 996, 2002, 4004, 6299Hz, respectively. When the right and left ears of the patient group were compared, DP1 and SNR values were found to be similar at all frequencies. SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause damage to the outer hair cells and the regions of the cochlea belonging to a wide range of frequencies according to our DPOAE measurements and due to the specific characteristics of the virus.
Effect of needle bevel position in arteriovenous fistula cannulation and bleeding during hemodialysis
Authors: Yilmaz Ustun , Unal Aysun , cek Esref , Inci Ayca , Gul Semih , rta Gulay , Avci Muammer , Sarikaya Metin
Published: September 2022

This study investigated the effect of needle bevel position during arteriovenous fistula cannulation on bleeding stop time in patients with chronic hemodialysis. An arteriovenous fistula puncture was performed on patients using the needle bevel up and down and the bleeding stop time was recorded in minutes. The outcomes of the two techniques were compared. The anticoagulant type used did not affect the bleeding stop time in the 55 patients with hemodialysis included in this study. On separately considering puncture outcomes and anticoagulant type used, the bleeding stop time in both arterial and venous needle bevel down punctures was found to be significantly lower compared with the bevel up puncture (p<0.05). The bleeding stop time was found to be shorter in bevel down arteriovenous fistula puncture.
Relationship between COVID-19 and Community Mobility: Sample from Malatya Province
Authors: Yilanci Veli , Akbulut Sami , Islek Huseyin , Zeren Fatma , Ozer Ali , Bentli Recep
Published: September 2022

After the WHO defined the COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020, measures such as wearing masks, keeping social distance, and staying at home were taken to reduce transmission worldwide. Community mobility is one of the important factors contributing to the uncontrolled spread of the epidemic. The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between the number of COVID-19 cases in the first half of 2021 in Türkiye's Malatya province and Google community mobility reports. The number of COVID-19 cases in Malatya between 01 January 2021 and 31 May 2021 was obtained from the Malatya Provincial Health Directorate. Community mobility data in the relevant period was obtained from Google community mobility. To examine the relationship between the number of COVID-19 cases and community mobility, wavelet coherence analysis was used. The Google mobility data used in the study consists of six different categories covering markets and pharmacies, parks, residential, retail, and recreational areas, public transport stops and workplaces. According to the results of wavelet coherence analysis, the increase in mobility in markets and pharmacies, retail and recreation areas, parks, workplaces, and transportation stations has increased the number of COVID-19 cases. The direction of the relationship between COVID-19 and residential mobility was found to be negative. In other words, the increase in the time spent in residences leads to a decrease in the number of COVID-19 cases. According to the results of wavelet coherence analysis, it was observed that in five of the six categories included in the study, there was a significant relationship between the number of cases and these categories, for the period examined at various frequencies. Depending on the degree of interactions at short- and long-term frequencies covered in the study, policy makers can determine short- and long-term policies to direct human mobility and thereby control the pandemic.
Managing malignant pleural effusions: A single center’s experience
Authors: Gokce Anil , Akboga Suleyman
Published: September 2022

Occurring among the most common findings in cases of metastatic disease, malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is identified in up to 15% of patients with cancer. This research was undertaken to provide an overview of advances in the treatment of MPE in recent years. A total of 186 patients with MPE were evaluated retrospectively after having consulted or been hospitalized in our hospital between March 2019 and December 2021. The evaluated data included gender, age, cause of effusion, treatment method, length of hospital stay, and complications. Lung cancer was in first place, affecting 64 of the patients treated for MPE. In this cohort, 142 patients had received a cytological diagnosis. These patients underwent pleurodesis with talc after tube thoracostomy. A definitive diagnosis could not be determined from the cytological samples of 44 patients. VATS was performed diagnostically and then pleurodesis was performed with postoperative talc. The complication rate was 13%. The mortality rate was 5%. Recurrence was observed in 37 patients during the 2-month follow-up period after the procedure. The optimal treatment of MPE remains uncertain, and treatment decisions require the cooperation of many medical departments. Nowadays, less invasive approaches are preferred in managing cases of pleural effusion. This treatment approach protects patients from the risks of more invasive interventions and reduces treatment costs.
Monocyte count to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in subjects with overweight and obesity
Authors: Kirik Ali
Published: September 2022

Monocyte count to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (MHR) is a novel index that may be a prognostic marker in disorders associated with atherosclerosis and systemic inflammation. There is insufficient data about the role of MHR in increased body weight. We aimed to investigate the relationship of MHR with insulin resistance and other metabolic components in subjects with obesity and overweight. Non-diabetic and normotensive adults who did not use any drugs were included. The study population was allocated into three groups according to body mass index (BMI) as control, overweight, and obesity. The clinical and demographical data were compared between groups and a correlation analysis of MHR with metabolic parameters was performed. A total of 255 subjects (103 men) with obesity (n=107, mean age 40±11 years), overweight (n=99, mean age 39±11 years) and healthy controls (n=49, mean age 36±12 years) were included. MHR values were significantly higher in the obesity (MHR=11.80±5.50; p=0.003) and overweight (MHR =10.70±5.60; p=0.033) groups compared to the controls (MHR=9.10±3.70; 1.39±0.77). MHR was significantly correlated to BMI (r =0.235, p <0.001), waist circumference (r=0.253, p <0.001), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r=0.187, p=0.003), triglyceride (r=0.294, p<0.001), systolic (r=0.142, p=0.023) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.149, p=0.017). MHR cutoff for predicting metabolic syndrome (MetS) was 11.0 and the AUC value was 0.707 [(sensitivity: 67%; specificity: 65%), (p<0.001)]. MHR appears to be a practical measure that is significantly associated with obesity and the components of MetS. Future prospective studies are warranted to determine the prognostic role of MHR in the cardiometabolic outcomes of people with obesity.
Height estimation by evaluating morphometric measurements of hands and fingers
Authors: Bakirci Sinan , Cay Mahmut
Published: September 2022

Biological bodily integrity is often lost in deaths due to undesirable situations such as femicides, natural disasters and plane crashes. For forensic scientists, accurate estimation of the person's stature is important for identification. In our study, it was aimed to obtain simple and multiple linear regression formulas required for stature calculation from hand and finger morphometric measurement values of young women. This study was carried out with the voluntary participation of 65 healthy young adult women between the ages of 18-24. Measurements were made on the palmar side of the hand using a digital caliper. In the study participants, the mean values of the measured variables; stature 164.45 cm, hand length 17.40 cm, hand width 7.70 cm, palm length 9.92 cm. Simple and multiple regression equations were obtained for stature estimation. The most reliable one of the regression equations obtained for stature estimation was the equation based on hand length. There was no correlation between thumb length and stature. The correlation value between index finger and stature was greater than the values obtained from other fingers (r=0.344, p<0.01). The correlation value between palm length and stature was higher than the correlation value between fingers and stature (r=385, p<0.01). Moderate and high positive correlation values were found between finger lengths and each other. The highest correlation value was between middle finger length and 4th finger length (r=872, p<0.01). The correlation value between thumb and little finger lengths was the smallest (r=415 p<0.01). The correlation value between hand length and stature is higher than the values obtained from finger lengths. In cases where total hand length cannot be measured, linear regression formula based on palm length should be preferred. Regression analysis results showed that palm length gave a better estimation of stature compared to finger length measurements.
A comparative study of effects of pranayama and aerobic exercise on spirometric indices in the age group of 30–50 years
Authors: Pathak Rakesh , Goel Shubhangi , Yadav Nidhi , Srivastav Richa
Published: September 2022

Background: Increasing awareness to lifestyle disease has led to more participation of people in taking up various forms of exercise to avail more health benefits. The ability to perform physical exercise is related to cardiovascular systems capacity to supply oxygen to muscles and pulmonary systems ability to clear carbon di oxide from blood via lungs. Spirometry is a physiological test that measures the volume and flow of air that can be inhaled and exhaled.

Aim and Objectives: The purpose of this study is not only to assess the beneficial effects of pranayama and aerobic exercises but to compare the improvements in the lung functions among these two modalities of exercises.

Materials and Methods: It is a non-randomized cross-sectional comparative study. Total 150 participants of both sexes aged 30–50 years were selected and divided equally into three groups: Pranayama group, aerobic exercise group, and control group who were doing pranayama and aerobic exercise and no exercise respectively from the past 3 months were included in the study. The participants were assessed by their anthropometric parameters, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR).

Results: Among Pranayama groups, there was significantly higher level of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, and PEFR as compared to aerobic exercise group and control group.

Conclusion: Both pranayama and aerobic exercise play an important role in improving the pulmonary functions but effects were more pronounced with pranayama.
In vitro antimicrobial activity, antibioresistance reversal properties, and toxicity screen of ethanolic extracts of Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier (giant hogweed), Centaurea jacea L. (brown knapweed) and Chenopodium album L. (Pigweed): three invasive plants
Authors: Arsene Mbarga , Viktorovna Podoprigora , lovitch Mefed , Davares Anyutoulou , Parfait Kezimana , Rehailia Manar , Nikolayevich Senyagin , Stefanovna Girich , Sarra Souadkia , Sulikoevich Khabadze , Anatolyevna Chernaia , Shommiya Das
Published: September 2022

Background and aim: Plants, including invasive ones, can play a significant role in the fight against antibiotic resistance and the search for new antimicrobials. The present study aimed at assessing the antimicrobial activity, antibioresistance reversal properties, and toxicity of 4 samples from invasive plants, namely leaves and flowers of Heracleum mantegazzianum, leaves of Chenopodium album and flowers of Centaurea jacea.
Method: The extraction of active compounds was done with 80% ethanol, and the extraction yields were calculated. Antimicrobial activity was studied using the well diffusion method against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and ATCC Candida albicans 10231. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined using the mircodilution method. The antibioresistance reversal properties was assessed using the checkerboard method and the toxicity of the extracts was studied using the larval form of the Greater Wax Moth (Galleria mellonella).
Results: The mass yields were 11.9, 15.0, 18.2 and 21.5 respectively for C. jacea flower (CJF), H. mantegazzianum flower (HMF), H. mantegazzianum leaf (HML) and Chenopodium album leaf (CAL). The highest inhibition diameters (ID) were found with HMF, CAL, CJL and HML against S. aureus ATCC 6538 with 26.6±1.5, 21.6 ± 2.8, 21.0 ± 0.9 and 20.0 ± 1.4 mm respectively. Only CJL and HMF were active against E. coli ATCC 25922 with respective ID of 15.3 ±1.1 and 19.0 ± 1.7 mm. Except HMF (ID = 13.6 ± 2.0 mm), no other extract was active against C. albicans ATCC 10231. Moreover, HMF exhibited the lowest MIC (0.5 mg / ml) and the lowest MBC (1 and 4 mg / ml) against both S. aureus and E. coli. Regarding the synergy test, an additional effect (0.5≤FIC≤1) was found in almost all the combinations antibiotics + extracts excepted for HMF + (Kanamycin or Ampicillin) against S. aureus ATCC 6538 and CJF + Ampicillin against E. coli ATCC 25922 where we found synergy effect (FIC≤0.5). The median lethal doses (LD50s) of HMF, HML, CAL and CJF were 20.2, 0.58, 13.2 and 4.0 mg / ml respectively.
Conclusion: Only the ethanolic extract of Heracleum mantegazzianum flowers showed noteworthy broad spectrum antimicrobial activity but further preclinical and clinical studies are required to evaluate the composition, the cytotoxicity and safety issues of these plant extracts and their combinations with common antibiotics before they can be recommended for antimicrobial therapy.
Dengue fever leading to unilateral panophthalmitis resulting in corneal perforation
Authors: Aftab Umaira , Azizi Kiran , Ismail Madiha
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT:

Dengue Fever is a viral disease caused by the flavivirus family and is usually self-limiting; however, in some cases, it may lead to complications such as dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, including hepatic, neurologic, cardiac, and ocular manifestations. Here we present a case of 19 years old female who presented to ED with complaints of fever for ten days and worsening right eye pain, vision blurring, and redness for the preceding two days. On MRI, she was diagnosed with right-sided panophthalmitis, periorbital, and retro-orbital cellulitis. Her hospital course was complicated by posterior vitreous hemorrhage and detachment, leading to corneal perforation and complete visual loss. Unfortunately, evisceration was done, followed by the dermis implant. In light of the above case, performing a thorough ocular examination of such patients is highly recommended. Even minor complaints should be taken into account earnestly to avoid disastrous complications.
Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Pencegahan Diare di Daerah Rawan Banjir Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Sari Gita Maya , Sutrisna Marlin , Fikhri Daniz
Published: September 2022

Diare merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sering terjadi pada saat bencana banjir, dan tetap menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama. Sehingga perlunya dilakukan penyuluhan kesehatan tentang pencegahan diare pada daerah rawan banjir di kota Bengkulu. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat di daerah rawan banjir tentang pencegahan diare. Metode yang digunakan yaitu pendidikan kesehatan kepada 20 kepala keluarga sebagai peserta pendidikan kesehatan yang memang terkena dampak dari banjir. Evaluasi dilakukan melalui pengukuran menggunakan kuesioner pre-test dan post test. Hasil skor maksimal pada pre-test 50 dan minimal 25 sedangkan skor maksimal pada post-test 85 dan minimal 70, artinya terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan setelah dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan. Sehingga, disarankan pemerintah daerah dan puskesmas untuk melakukan pendidikan kesehatan secara rutin kepada masyarakat dalam mencegah diare, penyakit menular lainnya dan meningkatkan pola hidup sehat.
Potential Trade Effects of Geographical Indications
Authors:   Lecturer – STEM Faculty, Arden University, Dessauer Strasse 3-5, 10963 Berlin, Germany, Rachel John Robinson
Published: September 2022

Geographical indications (GI) are a value that is added to a product to signify its heritage and uniqueness to make it stand out in the market space and give it a competitive edge. GI is one of the subtypes in the intellectual property (IP) space in the global trade. It is governed by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). Issues and controversies are a very common phenomenon surrounding GI, mostly amongst the producers but rarely reaching the customers. In terms of the consumers, GI-vouched products provide quality, reputation, and exclusivity to enable them to purchase with confidence. In present practice, GI is widely used in Agri-based products that require specific manufacturing skills and traditions. According to WIPO reports from 2018, 80% of the accounted GIs are for agricultural products and foodstuffs, with the remaining 20% being for nonagri-based products. This proposal is going to view the prospects of both Agri-based and nonAgri-based producers’ problems across regions and suggest one common unified approach to overcome associated state problems strategically through the economic theory of clubs.
Mechanochemistry’s Role in Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Development: A Review
Authors:   Ministry of Education, Teacher Training Institute, Dubai, 3962, United Arab Emirates, Alrbaihat Mohammad , AlShamaileh Ehab ,   Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
Published: September 2022

As a greener method of preparing molecules, mechanochemistry has recently been identified as an ideal strategy for preparing diverse molecules. It is becoming a valuable synthetic tool for multiple fields (e.g., physics, chemistry, and materials science) because it can be performed without solvents or with minimal solvents (catalytic quantities). The use of sustainable methods has been beneficial to several fields of chemistry, including pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, catalysis, organic synthesis, preparation of medicinal solid forms, synthesis of metal complexes, etc. Pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical chemistry will likely be significantly impacted by these developments in medicinal mechanochemistry. Due to their reactivity and materials, they provide materials that are hard to extract from a solution or are not possible. Nevertheless, these technologies could provide the pharmaceutical sector safer, cleaner, and more effective synthetic solutions. The importance of mechanochemical processes in the creation of pharmaceutical cocrystals, especially Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), is discussed in this article.
Efektivitas Pertumbuhan Bibit Tebu Lokal (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Dengan Pucuk Metode Chip Dan Responsnya Terhadap Aplikasi Pupuk Nitrogen
Authors: Geissler Wally Riky , Seme Demas
Published: September 2022

Tebu merupakan salah satu komoditas penghasil gula yang dapat meningkatkan perekonomian Indonesia, karena merupakan sumber karbohidrat yang selalu dikonsumsi manusia untuk berbagai produk pangan. Hal ini dikarenakan tanaman tebu menghasilkan gula yang merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pokok yang sangat penting bagi masyarakat dan industri. Minimnya produksi tebu di Kabupaten Sorong disebabkan oleh minimnya jumlah tanaman yang dibudidayakan. Hal ini dikarenakan tebu belum dibudidayakan secara luas. Beberapa faktor yang menjadi kendala masyarakat lokal dalam meningkatkan produksi tebu antara lain pengetahuan yang terbatas, luas tanam yang kurang, dan produktivitas yang rendah. Pertumbuhan benih tanaman dipengaruhi oleh kecukupan unsur hara makro N. Keseimbangan unsur hara terutama N pada tanaman dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman yang berdampak pada produktivitas tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis pupuk nitrogen terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) nonfaktorial dengan salah satu faktor yang diteliti yaitu pemupukan nitrogen dengan dosis yang berbeda untuk setiap perlakuan. Terdapat 4 perlakuan, dengan 3 ulangan, maka perlakuan yang diamati adalah 12 perlakuan sehingga jumlah benih yang digunakan adalah 36 benih. Pemberian pupuk nitrogen berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman tebu yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang dan jumlah anakan. Peningkatan dosis pupuk nitrogen erat kaitannya dengan pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman tebu. Perlakuan pupuk nitrogen dengan dosis anjuran 0,3 gram berbeda nyata pada parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang dan jumlah anakan. Namun, aplikasi kompos sampah rumah tangga pada berbagai dosis tidak berbeda nyata dengan panjang akar tanaman.