bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microhabitat characterization in the home range of the Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in arid zones
Authors: García-Feria Luis Manuel , Pérez-Solano Luz Adriana , Gallina-Tessaro Sonia , Peña-Peniche Alexander
Published: February 2024

Knowing the home range of a species helps to identify the resources it needs to survive and reproduce and how this behavior is expressed spatially.  Within home ranges, core areas are the sites where the main resources are abundant.  The microhabitat is a spatial area composed of variables that can affect individual behavior.  In this sense, the characterization of this inner part of the home range can contribute significantly to understanding the elements that these areas offer compared to the rest of the habitat of a population.  This work characterized the home range and areas outside it, as well as the core areas of female mule deer on a microhabitat scale in the Chihuahuan Desert, México.  The structure and composition of the vegetation were characterized according to three habitat use hierarchies: interior of the core areas and zones within and outside the home ranges of seven female mule deer.  A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed, and a hierarchical clustering was used to relate the variables.  The variation in structure and composition in each hierarchy was evaluated by performing multivariate permutation tests.  Twenty-five plant species were recorded in the transects.  The PCA showed the most similar use hierarchies are the core and home range inner areas.  The core area presents higher density and cover-dominance values, and the zone outside the home range showed high values of distance to the individual closest to the central point and greater variation in this parameter.  The MANOVA indicated a significant variation in vegetation structure and composition in relation to use hierarchies.  Significant differences in vegetation structure and composition were found at the microhabitat level between the core area of activity and the zones within and outside the home range.  The core area has a greater structural complexity of vegetation, with greater plant coverage-abundance and density; this suggests that the core area is located in a more competitive and saturated environment.  Outside the home range, the microhabitat has greater spatial heterogeneity of vegetation, with greater distance and variation of plant cover.  Future research could address the spatial (micro-macro) and temporal scales to better understand the ecological dynamics of the species in different habitat use hierarchies.
Filosofía para niños: semilla ético-política para una cultura de paz desde un pensamiento polivalente
Authors: Velasco moreno Carlos fernando
Published: February 2024

Después de enseñar la asignatura de Ética, y de la aplicar unas normas familiares escolares tradicionales, los estudiantes no se apropian de elementos éticos por varias causas: no les ven utilidad, no comprenden el contexto, o simplemente no les afecta, anulando cualquier interés al respecto. Esto impide que su obrar en la cotidianidad no sea tolerante en su ambiente escolar, generando dificultades en el docente para mediar comportamientos opuestos a una cultura de paz. Ante esto, se propone la Filosofía para Niños (FpN) como apuesta ético-política que permita robustecer el pensamiento crítico, creativo y cuidadoso para mirar hacia una cultura de paz. Diego Pineda, el fundador de FpN en Colombia, sostiene que es necesario desarrollar en los estudiantes habilidades de pensamiento que, adicionales a conocimientos éticos-ciudadanos, los lleve a tomar decisiones acertadas en el abordaje pacífico del conflicto. El desarrollo paulatino del pensamiento, la cercanía a las comunidades de indagación, la incursión en habilidades cognitivas y éticas producto de las herramientas pedagógicas propias del programa de FpN, constituyen una preparación para asumir posiciones argumentadas frente a dilemas que acontecen dentro de los conflictos escolares, ello facilitará al estudiante estructurarse y lograr tomar decisiones iluminadas por la razón.
O GUIA-INTÉRPRETE E OS PROCESSOS DE MEDIAÇÃO DA PESSOA COM SURDOCEGUEIRA
Authors: Mendes da Silva Gilnúbia Rosa , Reis dos Santos José Jackson , Silva Sidney Soares
Published: February 2024

Nesta resenha, apresentamos uma apreciação geral da obra “O guia-intérprete e a inclusão da pessoa com surdocegueira”, resultante da pesquisa de doutorado de Wolney Gomes Almeida (2019). A obra apresenta a surdocegueira no contexto das deficiências e a necessidade de formação profissional para o guia-intérprete, atuante no âmbito da inclusão socioeducacional das pessoas com surdocegueira. A reflexão realizada possibilita compreender o processo de atendimento e acompanhamento da pessoa surdocega e, também, problematiza as ausências de estudos e pesquisas em torno dessa temática. O livro apresenta temática contemporânea e é recomendada para profissionais da educação, sociedade em geral e, principalmente, às pessoas comprometidas com a inclusão social e educacional.
A URGÊNCIA DA PRÁTICA EDUCACIONAL ANTIRRACISTA: EDUCAÇÃO DE COMBATE ÀS ESTATÍSTICAS
Authors: Gomes Marques Filho Elvis , Gomes Silva Isabel Cristina , De Jesus Oliveira Antonia Marina , De Oliveira Luz Michael Junior
Published: February 2024

O Brasil é um país marcado por séculos de escravidão, o que resultou em um país racista e com milhões de negros marginalizados. Nas últimas décadas e, principalmente, após a redemocratização do país, marcada pela promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, iniciou-se um projeto político-social que se amolgou em fundamentos igualitários, antirracistas e democráticos. Desse modo, o presente artigo visa alongar os estudos sobre a Lei nº 10.639, de 2003, que determina a obrigatoriedade do ensino de História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira e Africana nas escolas, pois elas podem ser caracterizadas como espaços de relações que contribuem para a formação de identidades e para o estabelecimento de culturas. Logo, são um instrumento essencial para desconstruir o racismo histórico e estrutural. Nesse viés, tem-se como questão basilar: por que as práticas educacionais antirracistas são urgentes e necessárias? Com o intuito de responder ao questionamento levantado, vinculou-se como objetivo geral: apresentar o quão urgentes e necessárias são as práticas educacionais antirracistas no ambiente escolar. Concomitantemente, como objetivos específicos, têm-se: analisar o contexto histórico e os dados estatísticos acerca do racismo no Brasil; descrever a necessidade de o ambiente escolar buscar práticas educacionais antirracistas; e mapear a presença da prática educacional antirracista nos ambientes escolares. Utilizou-se, como aparato metodológico, o método dedutivo, empregando predominantemente a pesquisa bibliográfica. Assim, foi estabelecido o diálogo com autores que pesquisam e debatem acerca da temática escolhida. Concluiu-se, desse modo, que, embora as conquistas históricas através da legislação, foram e são significantes, infelizmente, por muitos fatores, ainda não são efetivadas devidamente.
EDUCAÇÃO ÉTNICO RACIAL ATRAVÉS DAS ARTES
Authors: Carvalho Jailson Araújo
Published: February 2024

Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa realizada no Centro Educacional 104 do Recanto das Emas/DF [Brasil] com estudantes do Ensino Médio. A discussão sobre a importância da Lei n. 10.639/2003 que acrescentou à Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDB) os artigos 26-A e 79-B aspectos relacionados ao ensino da cultura e história afro-brasileiras e o estudo da história da África e dos africanos ainda precisa ser ampliado. A partir desta reflexão e da minha experiência como professor da Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Distrito Federal – SEEDF – este texto procura refletir sobre o ensino da cultura, arte e história do continente africano e dos afro-brasileiros na educação básica. Para tal, foi proposto a I Gincana Afro-Brasileira e Jogos Escolares com os estudantes do Ensino Médio com atividades que envolvessem aspectos relacionados ao esporte, a arte e a cultura africana. Foram desenvolvidos trabalhos artísticos com os estudantes como parte integrante da competição entre as turmas durante a semana da gincana. Como coleta de dados, foram realizados registros fotográficos, a aplicação de um questionário online, atividades de música, canto e dança. O fato mais importante de todo esse processo foi o reconhecimento dos estudantes sobre a necessidade da inclusão da história e cultura negra no currículo escolar, de forma contínua e não de como uma ação isolada e esquecida o resto do ano letivo.
O ESTUDO DAS AFRICANIDADES COMO INSTRUMENTO DE SISTEMATIZAÇÃO DO ENSINO DA HISTÓRIA E CULTURA AFRICANA E AFRODESCENDENTE
Authors: Macedo da Silva Meryelle , Ferreira da Silva Rafael , Cunha Junior Henrique
Published: February 2024

O escopo principal deste trabalho foi analisar o estudo das africanidades como instrumento de sistematização da Lei 10.639/03. Para tanto, nos fundamentamos no método da afrodescendência, o qual possibilita o entendimento da complexidade sistêmica africana ressignificada no contexto da diáspora brasileira. Como procedimento metodológico tivemos a revisão de literatura e a pesquisa empírica. Trabalhamos com autores que nos permitem refletir sobre a colonização africana no Brasil, a exemplo de Querino (1918) e Cunha Junior (2010), a relação entre população negra e educação, como Nunes, Santana e Franco (2021) e as africanidades caririenses como Silva (2019) e Silva e Cunha Junior (2019). Por sua vez, a pesquisa empírica foi desenvolvida através do referencial teórico-metodológico dos percursos urbanos, os quais ocorreram na cidade do Crato-Ce, localizada na região do Cariri cearense. Para esse estudo, consideramos os percursos nas praças públicas, especialmente na Praça da Sé da cidade em questão. Compreendemos que o reconhecimento e a compreensão das africanidades nos propiciam vislumbrar as trajetórias negras no espaço geográfico, bem como o protagonismo social negro, num movimento que nos conecta, necessariamente, ao território ancestral. E nesse contexto, temos nas africanidades um instrumento de efetivação do ensino da História e Cultura Africana e Afrodescendente.
PROFESSORAS NO ENSINO MÉDIO: DIDÁTICA, ABORDAGENS E CONCEPÇÕES
Authors: Velozo Aline Debossan , Casagrande Ana Lara
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo traz resultados da pesquisa de mestrado em Educação acerca das concepções e abordagem do feminismo, por parte das professoras, em uma escola de Ensino Médio localizada em Cuiabá/MT. O objetivo central consiste em analisar os dados provenientes do estudo de caso desenvolvido na Escola Estadual Maria Taquara (nome fictício que preserva a identidade das profissionais e do seu espaço laboral), aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Foi realizado, por meio do levantamento bibliográfico, breve histórico do desenvolvimento do ser mulher na sociedade, da escolarização e da profissionalização das mulheres. Constatou-se certa resistência em acessar a equipe docente da escola, bem como certa apatia por parte das professoras, devido à hostilização da temática em âmbito da gestão nacional, com seus desdobramentos, e no escopo de um neoliberalismo sustentado pelo patriarcado.  Os dados, então, refletiram o contexto permeado por concepções machistas, contudo, também foi constatado um cenário de bom potencial de abordagem didática da temática do feminismo e suas nuances, pois existe o interesse do público jovem, há professoras dispostas a abordarem o tema em seus componentes curriculares, de maneira direta ou não. Em meio ao protagonismo das mulheres atuando no Ensino Médio na realidade investigada, destaca-se a necessidade da desconstrução do estereótipo da “tia” ou da “professorinha”, bem como a abertura de novos caminhos e fazeres pedagógicos, novas práticas e discursos em consonância com a construção de uma sociedade efetivamente democrática e sem opressão de qualquer natureza.
A DIDÁTICA NO CURSO DE PEDAGOGIA DA UFPA NO MARAJÓ-PARÁ: ANÁLISES E REFLEXÕES DA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL NO CAMPUS DE BREVES
Authors: CAETANO VIVIANNE NUNES DA SILVA , COSTA ELIANE MIRANDA , MATOS CLEIDE CARVALHO DE
Published: February 2024

O texto faz uma abordagem sobre o ensino da Didática no curso de Pedagogia no âmbito da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), no município de Breves, região do Marajó, com a perspectiva de pautar a relação da didática com a política de formação inicial, observando as mudanças impetradas pela atual reforma à luz dos preceitos do capital neoliberal. Como questionamento principal indagamos: Qual a relação do ensino da Didática com a formação inicial no curso de Pedagogia da UFPA em Breves, no Marajó? Em uma abordagem qualitativa, este estudo recorre à pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com destaque para a análise das ementas das disciplinas: Fundamentos da Didática e Didática e Formação Docente do Projeto Pedagógico de Curso (PPC) (2011-2022). Para analisar os dados recorremos à análise crítica interpretativa considerando os objetivos propostos. Dentre os autores utilizados, destacamos Deluiz (2001), Veiga (2004; 2012), Paes (2019), Ferreira (2022), Luckesi (2002), Libâneo (2013) e Candau (2002; 2008), dentre outros. Após as análises feitas, concluímos que o PPC do curso de Pedagogia, Campus de Breves, busca habilitar os futuros educadores para as atividades que deverão desenvolver como profissional no mercado de trabalho e intervir na sociedade, bem como apresenta preocupação com a natureza de uma formação que fomenta a identidade profissional pautada na inovação didática, técnica e/ou edificante.
20 ANOS DA LEI 10.639: CONVERSAS CURRICULARES ENTRE SABERES, PRÁTICAS E POLÍTICAS ANTIRRACISTAS
Authors: De Carvalho Rodrigues Allan , Baroni Patrícia Raquel , Ferreira de Souza Honorato Rafael
Published: February 2024

Em 2003, foi publicada a Lei Nº 10.639 que alterou a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional para incluir no currículo oficial da Rede de Ensino a obrigatoriedade da temática “História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira”. Vinte anos após a publicação, e considerando as muitas criações cotidianas nos currículos tecidas a partir da Lei, se faz necessária uma ampla reflexão a partir dos novos mapas desenhados por ela. Atualmente, não são raros os debates que abordam as temáticas raciais nos diversos espaços educativos emergindo como gritos de uma população que historicamente foi produzida como inexistente nos livros didáticos e paradidáticos, nos programas das disciplinas, nos projetos pedagógicos e nas políticas públicas, enfim, nos muitos e diferentes contextos de criação curricular e na sociedade. As políticas têm sido marcadas pelo debate público e pela produção de estudos sobre ações afirmativas e no diálogo entre saberes, práticas e politicas antirracistas. Nesse sentido, criamos este dossie na direção de criar uma conversa de diferentes formas, cores, linguagens e presenças para discutir o racismo, práticas antirracistas e a Lei 10.639. Boa Leitura!
“PERDER A CABEÇA NÃO FAZ PARTE DO OFÍCIO”: CONCEPÇÕES DE CUIDADO NAS NARRATIVAS DE PROFISSIONAIS DA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Pena Alexandra Coelho , Dos Santos Edson Cordeiro , Siqueira Rejane Brandão , Nascimento Tarsila Gomes
Published: February 2024

O artigo aborda a temática do direito à educação, a partir das concepções de cuidado presentes nas práticas educacionais, sob a ótica das/os profissionais da Educação. O texto está estruturado em três itens. O primeiro aborda a opção metodológica da pesquisa: realização e análise de entrevistas semiestruturadas, por meio da escuta de relatos de histórias de vida, com aqueles que atuam nas creches, pré-escolas e escolas, escolhidos pelas práticas observadas, interações com as crianças e indicação das próprias crianças, visando conhecer, identificar e compreender as marcas do cuidar e ser cuidado nas suas narrativas, considerando o pressuposto de que o cuidado é construído nas relações e interações entre os sujeitos. O conceito de cuidado que orientou a pesquisa foi construído na aproximação com o conceito de diálogo de Martin Buber, que aponta horizontes para a construção de um olhar de reconhecimento, aceitação e compreensão do outro e possibilitou a criação das categorias de pesquisa, definidas como: cuidado autêntico, cuidado técnico, descuido disfarçado de cuidado e descuido. O segundo traz o histórico do atendimento à primeira infância no Brasil, situando desde os primeiros atendimentos à criança pequena até a consolidação do marco legal atual. O terceiro apresenta as narrativas das/os profissionais entrevistadas/os e suas concepções de cuidado de si, cuidado como ofício, cuidado técnico e cuidado autêntico. As considerações finais apontam para a necessidade de um trabalho de formação que conceba todos os profissionais em sua inteireza para que possam compreender a si mesmos e entrar em relação com o outro.
A LEI 10.639/03 E A AUSÊNCIA DA EDUCAÇÃO DAS RELAÇÕES ÉTNICO-RACIAIS NO CURRÍCULO DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Ferreira Subtil Rayra Sarmento , Gomes Larissa Ferreira Rodrigues
Published: February 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) concernente à Educação Infantil com a intencionalidade de investigar se este documento, prescritivo e obrigatório na educação brasileira, apresenta subsídios para trabalhar as relações étnico-raciais no contexto da Lei 10.639/2003, como caminho de enfrentamento para o racismo estrutural na sociedade. Utilizando, para isso, a pesquisa documental como aporte metodológico (SÁ-SILVA; ALMEIDA; GUINDANI, 2009). Ao utilizar autores como Gomes (2007), Gomes e Nunes (2021), Paraíso (2010), Veiga-Neto (2003), denota a necessidade de ampliação sobre a cultura afro-brasileira, africana e as relações étnico-raciais na educação infantil para que ocorra a desmobilização do racismo estrutural na sociedade brasileira.
NARRATIVAS DOCENTES ALFABETIZADORAS: MARCAS DE UM CURRÍCULO EM PROCESSO DE (RE)CONSTRUÇÃO
Authors: Baroni Patricia Raquel , Oliveira André Luis de Abreu , Falcão Raquel
Published: February 2024

O Trabalho sintetiza visões, fala, cheiros e afetos de professoras alfabetizadoras em torno de seu exercício prático de um currículo antirracista no tocante a alfabetização. Pensando em como a implementação da lei 10639/03 que completa 20 anos fomentou o debate reflexivo e alicerçou este modelo de práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas nas escolas públicas.
CRIANÇAS PROTAGONISTAS E POTENTES: POR UM CURRÍCULO ABERTO AO POSSÍVEL
Authors: TOMAZZETTI CLEONICE MARIA , De Sampaio Peixe Débora Cristina
Published: February 2024

Não é exigido resumo para a seção Resenha.
Hostage to hormones: The sharp end of medical sexism
Authors: Kirby-Green Poppy
Published: February 2024

Poppy Kirby-Green discusses an ongoing healthcare crisis that has affected both trans and menopausal women alike – oestrogen shortages used in hormonal replacement therapy
The health visitor's role in narrowing the word gap
Authors: Boddy Bethany
Published: February 2024

Bethany Boddy reflects on speech, language and communication needs and the areas in which health visitors can make every contact count to promote communication skills in children
Excitation Wavelength and Concentration Dependent Photophysical behaviour of Dipolar Molecular rotors in Solution: Role of Structural Modification
Authors: Shabashini Arivalagan , Fazal Anas , Panja Sumit Kumar , Nandi Ganesh Chandra
Published: February 2024

The present work demonstrates that the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) and Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process can be achieved by structural modification of a molecule. The DMMC (2-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)malononitrile) and DMDC (2-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)malononitrile) exhibit TICT and ICT state respectively via structural modification at the ground state. Solvent-dependent fluorescence enhancement of these molecules is monitored by comparing the relative intensity of locally excited (LE) and ICT emission band from excitation wavelength and concentration-dependent study.Both molecules display the ICT emission process at excited state depending upon excitation wavelength and concentration in solution. Interestingly, aggregation behaviour is also observed during excitation wavelength and concentration-dependent study in H2O. Solvent and excitation wavelength-dependent quenching and enhancement of fluorescence properties are also observed. Dipolar state and molecular orientation may play an important role in excitation and concentration-dependent fluorescence process in solution.
Wavelet Analysis and Forecasting using Open-Access Lumber Market Indices for Assessing the Impact of Hurricanes on Southern US Stumpage Prices
Authors: Hernandez-Diaz Javier A. , Musah Munkaila , Morgan Tyler R. , Richey Robert Glenn , Maggard Adam O. , Via Brian , Peresin Maria S.
Published: February 2024

In the aftermath of events such as hurricanes, the economic impact of downed timber can reach billions of dollars. Accurate forecasting of stumpage prices after such events is crucial for maximizing recovery value while minimizing salvage costs. However, this poses challenges because of the inherent nature of the data. This study addresses these challenges by exploring the application of wavelet analysis, a novel approach in the field of forestry economic analysis. Wavelet analysis offers a unique framework for studying periodic phenomena in time series data, particularly when frequency changes over time are present. By leveraging wavelet analysis, this study uncovers relationships between timber market indices and hurricane seasons. The combination of traditional correlation analysis and wavelet coherence analysis enhances the statistical analysis in this study, offering a comprehensive examination of the relationship between the Timber Market Survey data and market indices. This innovative analytical approach enables a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the timber market and the potential effects of hurricanes on timber prices. Furthermore, this research highlights the recent advancements in wavelet methodology and the availability of open-source packages in the programming language R, such as WaveletComp and WaveletArima, that facilitate wavelet analysis and time series forecasting. The Wavelet-ARIMA model used in this study demonstrates its effectiveness in reducing noise and improving prediction accuracy. The study incorporates an extensive data set consisting of 10 Consumer Price Indices, 7 Producer Price Indices, 30 state-wide Timber Market Survey indices, 54 TMS subregions, and 6 open market series.
The Flowing Chō : Cart Transportation and the Redefinition of Japan's Early Modern Urban Space
Authors: Li Youjia
Published: February 2024

Abstract: This article proposes a reinterpretation of the meaning and function of the basic sociospatial unit of the early modern Japanese city, the chō . It argues that chō is best understood not as a fixed unit of space but as a conception that could expand, change, and even move. Takanawa-chō, a peripheral area south of Edo, was transformed into the gateway to the city by its association with the transportation industry. The dynamic movement of this particular "flowing chō " not only reflected but also drove the socioeconomic transformation of the city throughout the Tokugawa period and into the early Meiji era.
Towards a more practical analysis of Newton’s rings using deep learning
Authors: Zhang Tianshan , Lu Ming-Feng , Wu Jin-Min , He Wenjie , Zhang Feng , Tao Ran
Published: February 2024

As a typical form of optical fringes with a quadratic phase, Newton’s ring patterns play an important role in spherical measurements and optical interferometry. A variety of methods have been used to analyze Newton’s ring patterns. However, it is still rather challenging to fulfill the analysis. We present a deep-learning-based method to estimate the parameters of Newton’s ring patterns and fulfill the analysis accordingly. The experimental results indicate the excellent accuracy, noise robustness, and demodulation efficiency of our method. It provides another applicable approach to analyzing Newton’s ring patterns and brings insights into fringe analysis and interferometry-based measurements.
Gaussian to flat-top beam shaping in an off-axis reflective scenario by a millimeter-wave metasurface
Authors: Imanbeygi Ehsan , Ahmadi-Boroujeni Mehdi
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we present a metallic reflectarray for shaping the emitted Gaussian beam of a 100 GHz horn antenna in reflective and off-axis mode. The proposed reflectarray is a compact planar surface consisting of a 2D array of unit cells with a thin Rogers 5880 substrate. This reflectarray offers advantages over other beam shapers in millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging, as it generates a flat-top beam in off-axis reflective mode and is straightforward to fabricate. To conduct a feasibility study, we first introduce the 1D reflectarray. The phase profile of the 1D reflectarray is a linear combination of a beam shaping phase profile based on geometrical optics (GO) and a compensating phase profile. The design of the 1D reflectarray involves tailoring the dimensions of the unit cells in one direction. We calculate the scattered field from the 1D reflectarray using the finite element method (FEM) and then determine the generated beam using the Fresnel diffraction integral. Subsequently, we design the 2D reflectarray following the same approach by using a 2D version of the proposed phase profile. The full-wave simulation is employed to calculate the generated beam at a certain distance from the reflectarray. The results reveal the successful generation of a high-quality flat-top beam, showcasing the proposed reflectarray as an evolutionary solution among beam shapers.
Investigations of a 1018  nm gain-switched Yb-doped fiber oscillator
Authors: Shi Xinlei , Liu Hang , Peng Wanjing , Yu Ankang , Wang Yanshan , Feng Yujun , Sun Yinhong , Ma Yi , Gao Qingsong
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we investigate a 1018 nm gain-switched ytterbium-doped fiber oscillator at a low repetition rate in terms of theory and experiment. Theoretically, a numerical model applicable to a 1018 nm gain-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser was established. The influence of the pump peak power and active fiber lengths on the 1018 nm gain-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser was numerically simulated. Experimentally, a compact 1018 nm all-fiber-structured pulsed laser oscillator is constructed, in which a pulse width of 110 ns and a single-pulse energy of 0.1 mJ were obtained. Moreover, the experimental results are in agreement with the numerical simulation ones. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that gain-switching technology has been applied to 1018 nm fiber lasers to generate nanosecond pulsed lasers. The model and experimental results can provide a reference for the engineering design of the same type of low repetition rate fiber lasers below the kilohertz level.
Ultra-fast and compact optical Galois field adder based on the LPhC structure and phase shift keying
Authors: Askarian Asghar , Parandin Fariborz , Bagheri Nila , Velez Fernando J.
Published: February 2024

In this study, we propose a novel, to the best
of our knowledge, all-optical Galois field (AOGF) adder that utilizes
logic all-optical XOR gates. The design is founded on optical beams’
constructive and destructive interference phenomenon and incorporates
the phase shift keying technique within a two-dimensional linear
photonic crystal (2D-LPhC) structure. The suggested AOGF adder
comprises eight input ports and four output ports. We employ the
finite difference time domain (FDTD) procedure to obtain the electric
field distribution in this structure. The FDTD simulation results of
the proposed AOGF adder demonstrate that the minimum and maximum
values of the normalized power at ON and OFF states (P1,min, P0,max) for the output ports are 95% and
1.7%, respectively. Additionally, we obtain different functional
parameters, including the ON–OFF contrast ratio, rise time, fall time,
and total footprint, which are measured at 17.47 dB,
0.1 ps, 0.05 ps, and 147µm2, respectively.
Multicolor fluorescence microscopy for surgical guidance using a chip-scale imager with a low-NA fiber optic plate and a multi-bandpass interference filter
Authors: Roschelle Micah , Rabbani Rozhan , Papageorgiou Efthymios , Zhang Hui , Cooperberg Matthew , Stohr Bradley A. , Niknejad Ali , Anwar Mekhail
Published: February 2024

In curative-intent cancer surgery, intraoperative fluorescence imaging of both diseased and healthy tissue can help to ensure the successful removal of all gross and microscopic diseases with minimal damage to neighboring critical structures, such as nerves. Current fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) systems, however, rely on bulky and rigid optics that incur performance-limiting trade-offs between sensitivity and maneuverability. Moreover, many FGS systems are incapable of multiplexed imaging. As a result, clinical FGS is currently limited to millimeter-scale detection of a single fluorescent target. Here, we present a scalable, lens-less fluorescence imaging chip, VISION, capable of sensitive and multiplexed detection within a compact form factor. Central to VISION is a novel optical frontend design combining a low-numerical-aperture fiber optic plate (LNA-FOP) and a multi-bandpass interference filter, which is affixed to a custom CMOS image sensor. The LNA-FOP acts as a planar collimator to improve resolution and compensate for the angle-sensitivity of the interference filter, enabling high-resolution and multiplexed fluorescence imaging without lenses. We show VISION is capable of detecting tumor foci of less than 100 cells at near video framerates and, as proof of principle, can simultaneously visualize both tumors and nerves in ex vivo prostate tissue.
Carrier transport engineering in a polarization-interface-free ferroelectric PN junction for photovoltaic effect
Authors: Liu Yaping , Zhang Jiayi , Qin Tian , Yang Bo , Zhao Shifeng
Published: February 2024

The carrier transport performances play key roles in the photoelectric conversion efficiency for photovoltaic effect. Hence, the low carrier mobility and high photogenerated carrier recombination in ferroelectric materials depress the separation of carriers. This work designs a ferroelectric polarization-interface-free PN junction composed with P-type semiconductor BiFeO3 (BFO) derived from the variable valence of Fe and N-type semiconductor BiFe0.98Ti0.02O3 (BFTO) through Ti donor doping. The integration of the ferroelectricity decides the PN junction without polarization coupling like the traditional heterojunctions but only existing carrier distribution differential at the interface. The carrier recombination in PN junction is significantly reduced due to the driving force of the built-in electric field and the existence of depletion layer, thereby enhancing the switching current 3 times higher than that of the single ferroelectric films. Meanwhile, the carrier separation at the interface is significantly engineered by the polarization, with open circuit voltage and short circuit current of photovoltaic effect increased obviously. This work provides an alternative strategy to regulate bulk ferroelectric photovoltaic effects by carrier transport engineering in the polarization-interface-free ferroelectric PN junction.
Mixed-state ptychography for quantitative optical properties measurement of vector beam
Authors: Sun Xiaomeng , Zhang Xuejie , Cheng Bei , Liu Cheng , Zhu Jianqiang
Published: February 2024

Recent advances in ptychography have extended to anisotropic specimens, but vectorial reconstruction of probes owing to polarization aliasing remains a challenge. A polarization-sensitive ptychography that enables full optical property measurement of vector light is proposed. An optimized reconstruction strategy, first calibrating the propagation direction and then performing faithful retrieval, is established. This method avoids multiple image acquisitions with various polarizer configurations and significantly improves the measurement accuracy by correlating the intensity and position of different polarization components. The capability of the proposed method to quantify anisotropic parameters of optical materials and polarization properties of vector probe is demonstrated by experiment.
Fiber-optic spectrum monitoring of wavelength-division-multiplexed telecommunication signals with MHz update rates
Authors: Shoeib Afsaneh , Fernández Manuel P. , Rowe Connor , Maram Reza , Ricciardi Pasquale , Azaña José
Published: February 2024

We propose a novel (to our knowledge) and simple real-time optical monitoring (RTOM) system for dynamic spectral analysis of telecommunication signals, involving electro-optic (EO) temporal sampling followed by dispersion-induced frequency-to-time mapping and high-speed photodetection. This system enables tracking of the presence and relative intensity of multiple wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) data streams that span over a broad frequency band with high resolution, accuracy, and fast measurement update rates. We derive the design conditions and trade-offs of the proposed scheme and report proof-of-concept experiments and a numerical result that demonstrate successful spectral monitoring of dense-WDM signals with different modulation formats and bit rates, over the full C-band, with the needed resolution to discern channels separated by a few tens of GHz, and with an unprecedented fast measurement update rate in the MHz range.
Polarized emission of Cs3Cu2I5 nanowires embedded in nanopores of an anodic aluminum oxide template
Authors: Wang Min , Chen Kunlin , Xie Lingling , Wu Yafeng , Chen Xiyao , Lv Ning , Zhang Fang , Wang Yongtian , Chen Bingkun
Published: February 2024

Due to the intrinsic polarized emission property, polarized emissive materials with anisotropic nanostructures are expected to be potential substitutes for polarizers. Herein, by the template-assisted strategy, well-aligned lead-free metal halide Cs3Cu2I5 nanowire (NW) arrays are fabricated by evaporating the precursor ink in the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) for polarized emission. The Cs3Cu2I5/AAO composite film emits highly polarized light with a degree of polarization (DOP) of 0.50. Furthermore, by changing the molar ratio of CsI/CuI, the stability of Cs3Cu2I5 precursor inks is improved. Finally, an ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diode (LED) is adopted to pump the composite film to achieve a blue LED device. The reported Cs3Cu2I5/AAO composite film with highly polarized light emissions will have great potential for polarized emission applications such as liquid crystal display backlights, waveguides, and lasers.
Coprocessed heterogeneous near-infrared lasers on thin-film lithium niobate
Authors: Morin Theodore J. , Peters Jonathan , Li Mingxiao , Guo Joel , Wan Yating , Xiang Chao , Bowers John E.
Published: February 2024

Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) is an attractive platform for photonic applications on account of its wide bandgap, its large electro-optic coefficient, and its large nonlinearity. Since these characteristics are used in systems that require a coherent light source, size, weight, power, and cost can be reduced and reliability enhanced by combining TFLN processing and heterogeneous laser fabrication. Here, we report the fabrication of laser devices on a TFLN wafer and also the coprocessing of five different GaAs-based III–V epitaxial structures, including InGaAs quantum wells and InAs quantum dots. Lasing is observed at wavelengths near 930, 1030, and 1180 nm, which, if frequency-doubled using TFLN, would produce blue, green, and orange visible light. A single-sided power over 25 mW is measured with an integrating sphere.
Frequency selective surface filters with high-quality factors based on a Fano resonance
Authors: Shan Dongzhi , Gao Jinsong , Song Naitao , Xu Nianxi , Zhao Yi , Liu Hai , Tang Yang
Published: February 2024

In this work, we propose a design method of the narrow passband filter with a high Q-factor based on a Fano resonance. A single-layer metallic frequency selective surface (FSS) with a simple structure is first designed according to this idea, but the result is not satisfying since the filter transmittance will significantly decrease with the increase of the Q-factor due to the presence of an inherent ohmic damping. Further, to improve the design, a ceramic-based FSS filter based on the similar mechanism is proposed, and the requirements of the ultrahigh Q-factors can be met owing to the high permittivity and low loss tangent of microwave ceramics. The design strategy proposed in this paper may have a promising potential in modern wireless communication and related fields.
Research on calculation method of on-orbit instrumental line shape function for the Greenhouse Gases Monitoring Instrument on the GaoFen-5B satellite
Authors: Han Yunfei , Shi Hailiang , Li Zhiwei , Yan Luo , Ye Hanhan , Li Chao , Ding Yi , Wu Shichao , wang xianhua , Wei Xiong , Hou Chenhui
Published: February 2024

The Greenhouse Gases Monitoring Instrument is based on the spectroscopic principle of spatial heterodyne spectroscopy technology and has the characteristics of no moving parts, hyperspectral resolution, and large luminous flux. The instrumental line shape function is one of the important parameters characterizing the characteristics of the instrument and plays a vital role in the system error analysis of instrument measurement. To accurately obtain the instrumental line shape function of the spatial heterodyne spectrometer during on-orbit period and improve the accuracy of gas concentration retrieval, this paper develops a method to model and characterize the characteristics of the instrumental line shape function, including modulation loss and phase error. Utilizes the stability of solar observation spectrum wavelength and is not influenced by additional conditions to update the instrument line function. The Kurucz solar spectrum model used as the theoretical reference spectrum, selects the characteristic spectral lines corresponding to the measured solar calibration spectrum and the reference spectrum in the 1.568~1.583 μm band, and adjusts the instrumental line shape function model parameters, iterates the characteristic spectral lines residual, and calculates the instrumental line shape function variations. The updated instrumental line shape function has increased the average relative deviation between the theoretical simulated and measured solar spectrum from 1.83% to 0.756%, and the average relative deviation between the nadir observation spectrum and the simulated spectrum has increased from 7.049% to 2.106%. The findings demonstrate that updating the instrumental line shape function mitigates the impact of variations in the spectrometer's instrumental line shape due to alterations in the orbital environment. This offers a dependable reference for both the enhancement and oversight of the spectrometer's instrumental line shape function, along with the investigation of shifts in instrument parameters.
Older adults preserve audiovisual integration through enhanced cortical activations, not by recruiting new regions
Authors: Jones Samuel A. , Noppeney Uta
Published: February 2024

Effective interactions with the environment rely on the integration of multisensory signals: Our brains must efficiently combine signals that share a common source, and segregate those that do not. Healthy ageing can change or impair this process. This functional magnetic resonance imaging study assessed the neural mechanisms underlying age differences in the integration of auditory and visual spatial cues. Participants were presented with synchronous audiovisual signals at various degrees of spatial disparity and indicated their perceived sound location. Behaviourally, older adults were able to maintain localisation accuracy. At the neural level, they integrated auditory and visual cues into spatial representations along dorsal auditory and visual processing pathways similarly to their younger counterparts but showed greater activations in a widespread system of frontal, temporal, and parietal areas. According to multivariate Bayesian decoding, these areas encoded critical stimulus information beyond that which was encoded in the brain areas commonly activated by both groups. Surprisingly, however, the boost in information provided by these areas with age-related activation increases was comparable across the 2 age groups. This dissociation—between comparable information encoded in brain activation patterns across the 2 age groups, but age-related increases in regional blood-oxygen-level-dependent responses—contradicts the widespread notion that older adults recruit new regions as a compensatory mechanism to encode task-relevant information. Instead, our findings suggest that activation increases in older adults reflect nonspecific or modulatory mechanisms related to less efficient or slower processing, or greater demands on attentional resources.
The efficacy and safety of immune-checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kang Jing , Zhang Jun , Tian Zongsheng , Xu Ye , Li Jiangbi , Li Mingxian
Published: February 2024

Background

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) combined with chemotherapy are emerging as an effective first-line treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, reports on the magnitude of effectiveness and safety are conflicting.

Methods

Relevant articles published before February 2022 were searched in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. The study included all randomized controlled trials that evaluated ICIs with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy for the treatment of NSCLC. Among the outcomes were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs).

Results

Our meta-analysis included a total of 12 studies. Overall analysis indicated that ICIs plus chemotherapy could significantly improve OS (HR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.74–0.84; I2 = 44.4%, P = 0.055), PFS (HR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.59–0.67; I2 = 75.3%, P = 0.000), and ORR (RR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.27–1.73; I2 = 79.0%, P = 0.000) when compared to chemotherapy treatments. Subgroup analysis showed that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy significantly improved OS, PFS, and ORR when compared with chemotherapy with decreased grade 1–2 TRAEs. In addition, female patients with nonsquamous histology might receive more OS benefit from ICIs plus chemotherapy when compared to chemotherapy alone. Despite the fact that CTLA-4 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy increased PFS, there were no benefits gained in OS nor ORR. When PD-L1/CTLA-4 inhibitors were added to chemotherapy, the risk of grade 3–5 adverse events increased whereas PD-1 inhibitors did not.

Conclusions

ICIs plus chemotherapy, compared with chemotherapy, were associated with significantly improved PFS, ORR, and OS in NSCLC therapy. However, PD-L1/CTLA-4 inhibitors plus chemotherapy could increase the risk of grade 3–5 adverse events, but not PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy.
A retrospective analysis of malaria deaths in the pre- and intra- COVID 19 pandemic era, Ghana, 2016–2021
Authors: Malm Keziah L. , Peprah Nana Yaw , Mohammed Wahjib , Adomako Boakye-Yiadom , Oppong Samuel , Boateng Paul , Adu George Asumah , Dadzie Dora , Adza Grace , Forson Ivy , Frimpong James
Published: February 2024

Background

Global efforts over the years have resulted in a 27% reduction in malaria incidence and an estimated 51% reduction in malaria mortality since 2000. Meanwhile, COVID-19 pandemic disrupted provision and utilization of malaria services, leading to a surge in malaria incidence and mortality. Globally, 627000 malaria deaths were recorded in 2020, representing about 69000 more deaths compared to 2019. Also, 14 million more cases of malaria were recorded in 2020 compared to 2019. This study sought to determine whether excess malaria deaths were recorded in Ghana during the COVID-19 pandemic era.

Methods

This was a descriptive study on routine malaria mortality data in Ghana for the period 2016 to 2021. Data was retrieved from the District Health Information Management System using a data extraction guide. Excess mortality was defined as occurrence of malaria deaths more than expected value for the period 2020 and 2021. The expected number of mortalities for 2020 and 2021 were determined using 2016 to 2019 average. Excess mortality (P-score) was estimated using the formula: [(reported mortalities–expected mortalities)/expected mortalities X 100%]. Data were summarized and processed in Microsoft excel version 16.0. Malaria mortality in Ghana and its regions was described using tables and line graphs.

Results

An average of 535 malaria deaths per year were recorded nationwide from 2016 to 2020. About 50% (1603/3207) of deaths occurred in children aged less than five years. The p-scores for the country were -53% and -58% for 2020 and 2021 respectively. No region recorded excess all-age malaria mortality in 2020, rather significant reduction. Stratified by age, Greater Accra region reported 90% higher than expected deaths among persons aged five years and above in 2020 (p-score = 90%, 95% CI: 21–159). All regions reported reduction in under-five mortality in 2020. No significant excess malaria mortalities were reported among the regions in 2021.

Conclusion

Although negative p-scores suggested a decline in malaria mortalities nationwide, some regions recorded excess deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic era. There is a need to integrate COVID-19 control activities with malaria control and prevention efforts to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on malaria case management and mortality.
Factors predicting the visual outcome of intracorneal ring segment for keratoconus
Authors: Khanthik Apisit , Kasetsuwan Ngamjit , Yaisawang Sasi , Reinprayoon Usanee , Puangsricharern Vilavun , Satitpitakul Vannarut
Published: February 2024

Objectives

To identify predictive factors and to construct predictive models using epidemiological and clinical preoperative factors for the visual acuity change after intracorneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation in patients with keratoconus.

Methods

The medical records of 287 keratoconic eyes of 230 patients implanted with ICRS at Chula Refractive Surgery Center of a tertiary university hospital (Bangkok, Thailand) between January 2012 and March 2022 were retrospectively reviewed for epidemiological and clinical preoperative variables, including those derived from Scheimpflug tomography. After randomly excluding one eye for each bilateral case, the remaining 230 eyes were randomized into two groups: a training group (184 eyes) and a validation group (46 eyes). In the training group, the correlation between the interesting variables and postoperative uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity change (ΔUDVA and ΔCDVA; logMAR scale) at 6 months was explored, and then the multiple linear regression analysis was used to develop the predictive models. The obtained models were tested using the validation group.

Results

There were 5 and 14 preoperative variables that statistically correlated with ΔUDVA and ΔCDVA respectively. Only the preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVAp) strongly correlated with ΔCDVA (Beta = -0.746). Using multiple regression, the preoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVAp) and front mean keratometry were selected in the proposed model for ΔUDVA (adjusted R2 = 38.8%), while the CDVAp and index of surface variance (ISV) were selected in the model ΔCDVA=−0.043−0.613×CDVAp+0.002×ISV (adjusted R2 = 48.9%). The ΔUDVA and ΔCDVA models were correct in 47.83% and 63.4% of the validation group within 0.20 logMAR, respectively.

Conclusions

Potential predictive factors and models for ICRS-induced changes in visual acuity are proposed as adjunctive tools for clinicians. Such tools could be used for case selection and during counselling before ICRS implantation to maximize surgical outcomes.