bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Quality Draft Genome Sequence of an Endophytic Pseudomonas viridiflava Strain with Herbicidal Properties against Its Host, the Weed
Lepidium draba
L
Authors: Samad Abdul , Trognitz Friederike , Antonielli Livio , Compant Stéphane , Sessitsch Angela
Published: October 2016

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Pseudomonas viridiflava
strain CDRTc14 a pectinolytic bacterium showing herbicidal activity, isolated from the root of
Lepidium draba
L. growing as a weed in an Austrian vineyard. The availability of this genome sequence allows us to investigate the genetic basis of plant–microbe interactions.
Complete Genome Sequences of Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Strain 14980A (Turkey Feces) and Campylobacter coli Strain 14983A (Housefly from a Turkey Farm), Harboring a Novel Gentamicin Resistance Mobile Element
Authors: Miller William G. , Huynh Steven , Parker Craig T. , Niedermeyer Jeffrey A. , Kathariou Sophia
Published: October 2016

Multidrug resistance (MDR) in foodborne pathogens is a major food safety and public health issue. Here we describe whole-genome sequences of two MDR strains of
Campylobacter jejuni
and
Campylobacter coli
from turkey feces and a housefly from a turkey farm
.
Both strains harbor a novel chromosomal gentamicin resistance mobile element.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Vibrio
(
Listonella
)
anguillarum
ATCC 14181
Authors: Grim Christopher J. , Schreier Harold J.
Published: October 2016

We report the draft genome sequence of
Vibrio anguillarum
ATCC 14181, a Gram-negative, hemolytic, O2 serotype marine bacterium that causes mortality in mariculture species. The availability of this genome sequence will add to our knowledge of diversity and virulence mechanisms of
Vibrio anguillarum
as well as other pathogenic
Vibrio
spp.
Complete Genome Sequences of Three Important Methicillin-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Authors: Riley Matthew C. , Perreten Vincent , Bemis David A. , Kania Stephen A.
Published: October 2016

We report the first complete genome sequences of three predominant clones (ST68, ST71, and ST84) of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
in North America. All strains were isolated from canine infections and have different SCC
mec
elements and antibiotic resistance gene patterns.
Complete Genome Sequence of Spiroplasma helicoides TABS-2
T
(DSM 22551), a Bacterium Isolated from a Horsefly (
Tabanus abactor
)
Authors: Shen Wei-Yi , Lo Wen-Sui , Lai Yi-Ching , Kuo Chih-Horng
Published: October 2016

Spiroplasma helicoides
TABS-2
T
(DSM 22551) was isolated from the gut of a horsefly (
Tabanus abactor
) collected near Ardmore, Oklahoma, USA, in 1987. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this bacterium to facilitate the investigation of its biology and the comparative genomics among
Spiroplasma
species.
Structural geology of the Baraboo District
Authors: Marshak Stephen , Wilkerson M. Scott , DeFrates Joshua
Published: October 2016

A field trip to the Baraboo District provides an amazing opportunity to teach (or learn) many important aspects of structural geology. For example, students can define the regional-scale shape of the Proterozoic-age south-verging Baraboo Syncline from data on bedding attitudes and facing indicators and then can compare this shape to a digital elevation model of the district to see relationships between the dip of a stratigraphic unit and the width of its outcrop belt. Key outcrops of the Baraboo District, which we describe in detail, allow students to identify and sketch mesoscopic tectonic structures (joints, spaced and phyllitic cleavage, veins, faults, slip lineations, parasitic folds, boudinage, crenulation cleavage, and kink folds) and to interpret the kinematic significance of these structures. Students will leave Baraboo with a clear image of how progressive crustal shortening can be accommodated under lower-greenschist conditions.
Triassic chrysophyte cyst fossils discovered in the Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Zhang Wenzheng , Yang Hua , Xia Xinyu , Xie Liqin , Xie Guwei
Published: October 2016

Algae with siliceous structures are proposed to have originated following the Permian-Triassic extinction or even earlier, but there have been no robust fossil records to indicate their existence before the Jurassic–Cretaceous Periods. Recently, abundant chrysophyte (classes Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae) cyst fossils were discovered in a Late Triassic lacustrine stratum deposited ∼228–235 m.y. ago in the Ordos Basin, China. The high morphological variety of the discovered cyst fossils suggests that the chrysophytes were remarkably diversified, and that their common ancestors emerged even earlier. This discovery provided fossil records of the early evolution of algae with siliceous structures. The cyst fossils formed thin laminations in organic-rich shale, reflecting variable environmental conditions in the ancient lake basin.
Fever in a child with cerebrospinal fluid access device or shunt: a pragmatic approach to management
Authors: Cleave Betsy , Cartmill Maria , Soo Shiu Shing , Vyas Harish
Published: October 2016

Children with shunts commonly present with fever, and often the focus of infection will be unrelated to their shunt. However, as shunt infections may present with few or even no specific symptoms, evaluation of a child with a shunt presenting with fever should be careful and comprehensive to ensure shunt infections are not missed. Treatment of an infected shunt involves removal of the shunt followed by a long course of antibiotics; missing or partially treating shunt infections can result in significant morbidity and potentially even mortality. Our experience of managing children with shunts presenting with fever is that many non-specialist clinicians have little experience in this area so initial management may not always be appropriate. Those children who are most at risk of shunt infection are those who within the preceding 8 weeks have had insertion, revision or access of their shunt or chemotherapy device, or have had abdominal surgery in the presence of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. We have chosen 8 weeks as a pragmatic time point, as in our experience the vast majority of children who have had shunt infections have presented within this period. The caveat is that this should not be used as an absolute cut-off where there is strong suspicion of shunt infection or no clear focus at a later time point.
Effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies
Authors: Batacan Romeo B , Duncan Mitch J , Dalbo Vincent J , Tucker Patrick S , Fenning Andrew S
Published: October 2016

The current review clarifies the cardiometabolic health effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in adults. A systematic search (PubMed) examining HIIT and cardiometabolic health markers was completed on 15 October 2015. Sixty-five intervention studies were included for review and the methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Downs and Black score. Studies were classified by intervention duration and body mass index classification. Outcomes with at least 5 effect sizes were synthesised using a random-effects meta-analysis of the standardised mean difference (SMD) in cardiometabolic health markers (baseline to postintervention) using Review Manager 5.3. Short-term (ST) HIIT (<12 weeks) significantly improved maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max; SMD 0.74, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.12; p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; SMD −0.52, 95% CI −0.89 to −0.16; p<0.01) and fasting glucose (SMD −0.35, 95% CI −0.62 to −0.09; p<0.01) in overweight/obese populations. Long-term (LT) HIIT (≥12 weeks) significantly improved waist circumference (SMD −0.20, 95% CI −0.38 to −0.01; p<0.05), % body fat (SMD −0.40, 95% CI −0.74 to −0.06; p<0.05), VO2max (SMD 1.20, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.83; p<0.001), resting heart rate (SMD −0.33, 95% CI −0.56 to −0.09; p<0.01), systolic blood pressure (SMD −0.35, 95% CI −0.60 to −0.09; p<0.01) and DBP (SMD −0.38, 95% CI −0.65 to −0.10; p<0.01) in overweight/obese populations. HIIT demonstrated no effect on insulin, lipid profile, C reactive protein or interleukin 6 in overweight/obese populations. In normal weight populations, ST-HIIT and LT-HIIT significantly improved VO2max, but no other significant effects were observed. Current evidence suggests that ST-HIIT and LT-HIIT can increase VO2max and improve some cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight/obese populations.
Modifying the Interagency Emergency Health Kit to include treatment for non-communicable diseases in natural disasters and complex emergencies
Authors: Tonelli Marcello , Wiebe Natasha , Nadler Brian , Darzi Ara , Rasheed Shahnawaz
Published: October 2016

The Interagency Emergency Health Kit (IEHK) provides a standard package of medicines and simple medical devices for aid agencies to use in emergencies such as disasters and armed conflicts. Despite the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in such settings, the IEHK includes few drugs and devices for management of NCDs. Using published data to model the population burden of acute and chronic presentations of NCDs in emergency-prone regions, we estimated the quantity of medications and devices that should be included in the IEHK. NCDs considered were cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension and chronic respiratory disease. In scenario 1 (the primary scenario), we assumed that resources in the IEHK would only include those needed to manage acute life-threatening conditions. In scenario 2, we included resources required to manage both acute and chronic presentations of NCDs. Drugs and devices that might be required included amlodipine, aspirin, atenolol, beclomethasone, dextrose 50%, enalapril, furosemide, glibenclamide, glyceryl trinitrate, heparin, hydralazine, hydrochlorothiazide, insulin, metformin, prednisone, salbutamol and simvastatin. For scenario 1, the number of units required ranged from 12 (phials of hydralazine) to ∼15 000 (tablets of enalapril). Space and weight requirements were modest and total cost for all drugs and devices was approximately US$2078. As expected, resources required for scenario 2 were much greater. Space and cost requirements increased proportionately: estimated total cost of scenario 2 was $22 208. The resources required to treat acute NCD presentations appear modest, and their inclusion in the IEHK seems feasible.
Economic impact of early intervention in psychosis services: results from a longitudinal retrospective controlled study in England
Authors: Tsiachristas Apostolos , Thomas Tony , Leal Jose , Lennox Belinda R
Published: October 2016

Objectives

To demonstrate the costs, outcomes and economic impact of early intervention in psychosis (EIP) services.

Design

Longitudinal retrospective observational study of service usage and outcome data from mental health and acute care services for all those with a diagnosis of psychosis in contact with mental health services over a 3-year period (April 2010–March 2013).

Setting

Thames Valley and South Midlands region in England (region covered by Oxford Academic Health Science Network).

Participants

3674 people with psychosis, aged 16–35 years.

Interventions

EIP team or other community mental health teams.

Main outcome measures

Change in housing status, change in employment status and improvement on each of the four domains of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HONOS) questionnaire. Costs of mental and acute health inpatient, outpatient and community service use were also included in the study.

Results

Patients in EIP services were 116% more likely (95% CI 1.263 to 3.708) to gain employment, 52% more likely to become accommodated in a mainstream house (95% CI 0.988 to 2.326) and 17% more likely to have an improvement in the emotional well-being domain of the HONOS questionnaire (95% CI 1.067 to 1.285), as compared to those in non-EIP services. Annual National Health Service (NHS) costs were also significantly lower for patients using EIP services compared to non-users. The mean annual NHS cost savings associated with EIP were £4031 (95% CI £1281 to £6780). These mostly came from lower mental health inpatient costs (£4075, 95% CI £1164 to £6986), lower acute hospital outpatient costs (£59, 95% CI £9 to £109), lower accident and emergency costs (£31, 95% CI £12 to £51), and higher mental health community costs (£648, 95% CI £122 to £1175). If all people with a first-episode psychosis across England were to be treated by EIP services, the savings in societal costs would be an estimated £63.3 million per year, of which £33.5 million would be in NHS costs.

Conclusions

Treatment within an EIP service is associated with better health and social outcomes, and reduced costs.
Girls crash too: trends in single vehicle crash rates in young and adult, male and female drivers
Authors: Jones Sarah J
Published: October 2016

Young adult drivers (YADs) are over-represented in crashes mainly because of their age and inexperience. Studying single vehicle crashes by age and sex may identify new approaches to intervention. In 2014, male YAD (17–19 years) crash casualty rates were 11.4 times higher than older drivers (30–59 years), compared with 17.6 times higher in 2005, and 1.9 times female YAD, compared with 2.5 times higher in 2005. Crash casualty rates involving male and female YADs are declining. Action is needed to address YAD crash casualties involving both males and females. Graduated driver licensing is a universal approach that has the potential to do this.
Long-term trends in fish community composition across coastal bays and lakes in the Lavaca–Colorado Estuary
Authors: Matich Philip , Godwin William B. , Fisher Mark
Published: October 2016

Human impacts continue to alter community structure, emphasizing the need to understand how spatial and temporal variability in disturbance and conservation affect ecological communities to optimize management strategies. Here, we quantify fish species richness, diversity, and community structure across five coastal bays and lakes in the Lavaca–Colorado Estuary, Texas, over 30 years to investigate spatial and temporal variability in species assemblages, and the potential effects of resource management. Results suggest that fish communities varied both spatially and temporally from 1976 to 2008, with greater temporal shifts in habitats more proximate to the Gulf of Mexico and removed from human residential areas — diversity increased in Powderhorn Lake and spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1830)) and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus (L., 1766)) abundances increased in Oyster Lake following changes in fishing regulations. Natural fluctuations in environmental conditions coupled with limited access to lakes by geographic restraints may have led to more pronounced changes in community structure. However, the effects of fishing management on fish communities within small lakes and bays within the Lavaca–Colorado Estuary is likely habitat- and context-specific, and continued monitoring, especially among ecologically and economically important species, will provide insight into how environmental change and anthropogenic disturbance may affect long-term trends in coastal community composition.
Building a DNA barcode library of Alaska’s non-marine arthropods
Authors: Sikes Derek S. , Bowser Matthew , Morton John M. , Bickford Casey , Meierotto Sarah , Hildebrandt Kyndall
Published: October 2016

Climate change may result in ecological futures with novel species assemblages, trophic mismatch, and mass extinction. Alaska has a limited taxonomic workforce to address these changes. We are building a DNA barcode library to facilitate a metabarcoding approach to monitoring non-marine arthropods. Working with the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, we obtained DNA barcodes from recently collected and authoritatively identified specimens in the University of Alaska Museum (UAM) Insect Collection and the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge collection. We submitted tissues from 4776 specimens, of which 81% yielded DNA barcodes representing 1662 species and 1788 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), of primarily terrestrial, large-bodied arthropods. This represents 84% of the species available for DNA barcoding in the UAM Insect Collection. There are now 4020 Alaskan arthropod species represented by DNA barcodes, after including all records in Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) of species that occur in Alaska — i.e., 48.5% of the 8277 Alaskan, non-marine-arthropod, named species have associated DNA barcodes. An assessment of the identification power of the library in its current state yielded fewer species-level identifications than expected, but the results were not discouraging. We believe we are the first to deliberately begin development of a DNA barcode library of the entire arthropod fauna for a North American state or province. Although far from complete, this library will become increasingly valuable as more species are added and costs to obtain DNA sequences fall.
Barcode-based species delimitation in the marine realm: a test using Hexanauplia (Multicrustacea: Thecostraca and Copepoda)
Authors: Young Robert G. , Abbott Cathryn L. , Therriault Thomas W. , Adamowicz Sarah J.
Published: October 2016

DNA barcoding has been used successfully for identifying specimens belonging to marine planktonic groups. However, the ability to delineate species within taxonomically diverse and widely distributed marine groups, such as the Copepoda and Thecostraca, remains largely untested. We investigate whether a cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI-5P) global pairwise sequence divergence threshold exists between intraspecific and interspecific divergences in the copepods plus the thecostracans (barnacles and allies). Using publicly accessible sequence data, we applied a graphical method to determine an optimal threshold value. With these thresholds, and using a newly generated planktonic marine data set, we quantify the degree of concordance using a bidirectional analysis and discuss different analytical methods for sequence-based species delimitation (e.g., BIN, ABGD, jMOTU, UPARSE, Mothur, PTP, and GMYC). Our results support a COI-5P threshold between 2.1% and 2.6% p-distance across methods for these crustacean taxa, yielding molecular groupings largely concordant with traditional, morphologically defined species. The adoption of internal methods for clustering verification enables rapid biodiversity studies and the exploration of unknown faunas using DNA barcoding. The approaches taken here for concordance assessment also provide a more quantitative comparison of clustering results (as contrasted with “success/failure” of barcoding), and we recommend their further consideration for barcoding studies.
Contrasting morphological and DNA barcode-suggested species boundaries among shallow-water amphipod fauna from the southern European Atlantic coast
Authors: Lobo Jorge , Ferreira Maria S. , Antunes Ilisa C. , Teixeira Marcos A.L. , Borges Luisa M.S. , Sousa Ronaldo , Gomes Pedro A. , Costa Maria Helena , Cunha Marina R. , Costa Filipe O.
Published: October 2016

In this study we compared DNA barcode-suggested species boundaries with morphology-based species identifications in the amphipod fauna of the southern European Atlantic coast. DNA sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I barcode region (COI-5P) were generated for 43 morphospecies (178 specimens) collected along the Portuguese coast which, together with publicly available COI-5P sequences, produced a final dataset comprising 68 morphospecies and 295 sequences. Seventy-five BINs (Barcode Index Numbers) were assigned to these morphospecies, of which 48 were concordant (i.e., 1 BIN = 1 species), 8 were taxonomically discordant, and 19 were singletons. Twelve species had matching sequences (<2% distance) with conspecifics from distant locations (e.g., North Sea). Seven morphospecies were assigned to multiple, and highly divergent, BINs, including specimens of Corophium multisetosum (18% divergence) and Dexamine spiniventris (16% divergence), which originated from sampling locations on the west coast of Portugal (only about 36 and 250 km apart, respectively). We also found deep divergence (4%–22%) among specimens of seven species from Portugal compared to those from the North Sea and Italy. The detection of evolutionarily meaningful divergence among populations of several amphipod species from southern Europe reinforces the need for a comprehensive re-assessment of the diversity of this faunal group.
Construction ofN-soliton solutions for a new integrable equation by Darboux transformation
Authors: Bai Shuting , Zhaqilao
Published: October 2016

In this paper, the relationship between a new integrable equation and well-known KdV equation is established by a set of transformation. With the help of Darboux transformation of KdV equation and the set of transformation, parametric representations of multi-soliton solutions for the new integrable equation are obtained, and their figures are plotted.
IDENTIFYING THE ‘RIGHT’ SUPPLIER FOR MODULE DEVELOPMENTS — A CROSS-INDUSTRIAL CASE ANALYSIS
Authors: EGGERS JUSTUS ERICH , HOFMAN ERWIN , SCHIELE HOLGER , HOLSCHBACH ELMAR
Published: October 2016

Relational view argues that buying companies should integrate supplier resources in new product development (NPD) projects to realise competitive advantages. Due to decoupling of modules and the associated opportunity to allocate development activities to upstream suppliers, modular product architectures are considered to be a driving factor for the integration of supplier resources. Module developments are associated with substantial investments, long-term orientation and risks across product families for the buying firm. Therefore, supplier integration for module development is highly critical. Regardless of the relevance, research has not yet analysed, which supplier competence are considered as antecedents for successful module developments with suppliers. To close the identified gap, this paper analysed case companies from the automotive, agriculture equipment and rail vehicle industry. Technical, organisational and relationship aspects are identified as critical success factors. The results contribute to theory by adding to relational view the finding that competences for successful collaborations differ in accordance to the level of interaction between suppliers and buying firms. Moreover, this study provides a model and an evaluation scheme that helps practitioners to allocate the best suitable development role to suppliers within module developments.
Zircon and monazite geochronology of deformation in the Pielavesi Shear Zone, Finland: multistage evolution of the Archaean–Proterozoic boundary in the Fennoscandian Shield
Authors: Woodard Jeremy , Tuisku Pekka , Kärki Aulis , Lahaye Yann , Majka Jarosław , Huhma Hannu , Whitehouse Martin J.
Published: October 2016

The Raahe–Ladoga Shear Complex is a major crustal structure representing the Archaean–Palaeoproterozoic boundary in the Fennoscandian Shield. The complex developed during the Svecofennian Orogeny (
c.
1.9 – 1.8 Ga) beginning with regional thrust tectonic phases D
1
and D
2
, followed by large-scale shearing events D
3
and D
4
. The Pielavesi Shear Zone is a vertical north–south-trending shear zone within the Raahe–Ladoga Shear Complex formed during regional D
3
shearing and later reactivated during the regional D
4
phase. Three north–south-trending elongate granitoid intrusions were selected as representative of silicic melts that intruded the transtensional Pielavesi Shear Zone during the regional D
3
phase. The oriented magmatic fabric of the granitoids indicates that they intruded coeval to the deformation event. The zircon U–(Th)–Pb secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS) ages of these intrusions (1888 ± 4, 1884 ± 6 and 1883 ± 5 Ma) overlap within error and provide a direct age for the regional D
3
deformation. ε
Hf(T)
(−1.1 to +3.4) and ε
Nd(T)
(−1.2 to +0.4) values from these granitoids are both consistent with a predominantly juvenile source affected by a minor Archaean component. U–(Th)–Pb SIMS analyses of metamorphic monazite formed within a crosscutting blastomylonite provide an age for the regional D
4
phase and associated fluid activity of 1793 ± 3 Ma.

Supplementary material:
Analytical methods and tabulated analytical data are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3498501
The late Ordovician Soom Shale Lagerstätte: an extraordinary post-glacial fossil and sedimentary record
Authors: Gabbott Sarah E. , Browning Claire , Theron Johannes N. , Whittle Rowan J.
Published: October 2016

Fossils of the Late Ordovician Soom Shale Lagerstätte are characterized by exceptional preservation of their soft tissues in clay minerals. The low-diversity community lived in an unusual cold-water setting, dominated by anoxic bottom waters, in the immediate aftermath of the Hirnantian glaciation. Giant conodonts represented by complete tooth sets, and one with trunk musculature and liver preserved, unarmoured jawless fish, lobopods and enigmatic taxa are some of the more important fossils. Furthermore, this Lagerstätte also preserves biomineralized Ordovician taxa such as brachiopods, orthoconic nautiloids and trilobites. It is important in capturing the only known examples of many taxa, extending temporal ranges of others and providing a unique glimpse of a post-glacial refugium, at a time when other Lagerstätten are unknown.
The Archaeology of Pastoral Nomadism
Authors: Honeychurch William , Makarewicz Cheryl A.
Published: October 2016

Pastoral nomadism encompasses an array of specialized knowledge concerned with the daily rhythms and long-term tempos of caring for herd animals in order to extract subsistence livelihoods. It also embodies the relational lives of herders and the diverse ways in which herd animals structure the social and symbolic worlds of mobile pastoralists. This article reviews the latest research on ancient pastoral nomadic communities that is emerging in many parts of the world. We emphasize the importance of revolutionary advances in archaeological methods and biomolecular approaches that have made visible mobile pastoralist behaviors and decision-making processes previously concealed in the archaeological record. Archaeologists are gradually producing the high-resolution, multiscalar data sets required to link together the individual, community, and regional interactions that, over time, structured pastoral nomadic economies, social and ritual lives, and political organization.
Cancer
Authors: McMullin Juliet
Published: October 2016

Previous work in the anthropology of cancer often examined causes, risks, and medical, familial, and embodied relationships created by the disease. Recent writing has expanded that focus, attending to cancer as a “total social fact” ( Jain 2013 ) and dissecting the landscape of “carcinogenic relationships” ( Livingston 2012 ). Cancer-driven relationships become subjectively real through individual suffering, stigma, and inequality. This article traces concepts developed from a primarily US-centered discourse to a global cancer discourse, including cancer-related issues continuing to raise concern such as stigma, narrative moments of critical reflection on the dominance of biomedicine, and processes by which individuals and communities manage inadequate access to biomedical technologies. Beyond the medical relations and politics of cancer, this article considers the ways in which ethnography addresses local moral worlds and differences that come to matter in attending to the disease, the person, and consequent social and material relations.
Historicity and Anthropology
Authors: Stewart Charles
Published: October 2016

Historicity has emerged within anthropology to refer to cultural perceptions of the past. It calls attention to the techniques such as rituals that people use to learn about the past, the principles that guide them, and the performances and genres in which information about the past can be presented. The concept is in essential tension with the meaning of the term as “factuality” within the discipline of history and in wider society. Anthropologists also sometimes compose histories within this Western paradigm, but historicity in anthropology orientates a different objective, namely to discover the ways (beyond Western historicism) in which people, whether within or outside the West, construe and represent the past. Historicity, which is grounded on a notion of temporality, offers a framework for approaching time as nonlinear and may thus be suited to studying other histories without fundamentally measuring how well they conform to Western history.
Dual Roles for Regulatory T-cell Depletion and Costimulatory Signaling in Agonistic GITR Targeting for Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Mahne Ashley E. , Mauze Smita , Joyce-Shaikh Barbara , Xia Jane , Bowman Edward P. , Beebe Amy M. , Cua Daniel J. , Jain Renu
Published: October 2016

Agonistic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) targeting the T-cell receptor coregulatory molecule GITR exert potent therapeutic activities in preclinical tumor models. Although anti-GITR mAb are thought to act by depleting and destabilizing the intratumoral T regulatory cell (Treg) population, the precise mechanism of action is obscure. Here, we addressed this issue using a Treg fate-mapping approach, which revealed that Treg loss was primarily due to cell depletion, with minimal evidence of Treg conversion to a non–Foxp3-expressing population. Further characterization of persisting Tregs following anti-GITR mAb treatment showed that a highly activated subpopulation of CD44hiICOShi intratumoral Tregs were preferentially targeted for elimination, with the remaining Tregs exhibiting a less suppressive phenotype. With these changes in the Treg population, intratumoral CD8+ T cells acquired a more functional phenotype characterized by downregulation of the exhaustion markers PD-1 and LAG-3. This reversal of CD8+ T-cell exhaustion was dependent on both agonistic GITR signaling and Treg depletion, as neither mechanism by itself could fully rescue the exhaustion phenotype. Tests of anti-human GITR antibody MK-4166 in a humanized mouse model of cancer mimicked many of the effects of anti-mouse GITR mAb in syngeneic tumor models, decreasing both Treg numbers and immune suppressor phenotype while enhancing effector responsiveness. Overall, our results show how anti-GITR mAb shifts Treg populations to enable immune attack on tumors, with clinical implications for molecular markers to modify emerging treatments. Cancer Res; 77(5); 1108–18. ©2016 AACR.
A Study of TP53 RNA Splicing Illustrates Pitfalls of RNA-seq Methodology
Authors: Mehta Sunali , Tsai Peter , Lasham Annette , Campbell Hamish , Reddel Roger , Braithwaite Antony , Print Cristin
Published: October 2016

TP53 undergoes multiple RNA-splicing events, resulting in at least nine mRNA transcripts encoding at least 12 functionally different protein isoforms. Antibodies specific to p53 protein isoforms have proven difficult to develop, thus researchers must rely on the transcript information to infer isoform abundance. In this study, we used deep RNA-seq, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), and real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) from nine human cell lines and RNA-seq data available for tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas to analyze TP53 splice variant expression. All three methods detected expression of the FL/40TP53α_T1 variant in most human tumors and cell lines. However, other less abundant variants were only detected with PCR-based methods. Using RNA-seq simulation analysis, we determined why RNA-seq is unable to detect less abundant TP53 transcripts and discuss the implications of these findings for the general interpretation of RNA-seq data. Cancer Res; 76(24); 7151–9. ©2016 AACR.
A Novel Natural Product-Derived Compound, Vestaine A1, Exerts both Pro-Angiogenic and Anti-Permeability Activity via a Different Pathway from VEGF
Authors: Ishimoto Yoko , Hirota-Takahata Yuki , Kurosawa Emi , Chiba Jun , Iwadate Yuko , Onozawa Yoshiko , Hasegawa Toru , Tamura Akihiro , Tanaka Masahiro , Kobayashi Hideki
Published: October 2016

Background/Aims: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key molecule in the regulation of both angiogenesis and vascular permeability. However, it is known that overproduction of VEGF induces abnormal blood vessel formation and these vessels cause several disease pathologies, such as diabetic retinopathy. The purpose of this study was to find novel vasoactive compounds which have different properties from VEGF. Methods/Results: We screened a natural product library using a co-culture angiogenic assay of endothelial cells and fibroblasts. By focusing on morphological changes of endothelial cells, we isolated the novel compounds vestaine A1 and vestaine B1 from the cultured broth of an actinomycete strain, Streptomyces sp. SANK 63697. Vestaine A1 enhanced tube formation of endothelial cells in Matrigel and suppressed cell death induced by serum deprivation. Vestaine A1 activated both MEK1/2 and PI-3 kinase pathways independently of the VEGF pathway in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Finally, vestaine A1 potently suppressed VEGF-induced vascular permeability both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: Vestaine A1 has the potential to exhibit both pro-angiogenic and anti-permeability properties, and would therefore be useful for therapeutic treatment for abnormal vascular permeability-related diseases.
Sodium Butyrate Upregulates miR-203 Expression to Exert Anti-Proliferation Effect on Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Han Ruirui , Sun Qianqian , Wu Jianbo , Zheng Pengyuan , Zhao Guoqiang
Published: October 2016

Background: As the end product of the bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber in the colonic lumen, sodium butyrate (NaBt) has been reported to exert antitumor effects on colorectal cancer (CRC). In addition to functioning as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, NaBt also regulates the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) to inhibit CRC cell proliferation. Yet, the mechanisms involved are not completely understood. Here we investigate whether NaBt regulates miR-203 to inhibit CRC growth and explore the promising target gene of miR-203 in CRC cells. Methods: We conducted qRT-PCR and Western blotting assays to evaluate the effects of NaBt on the expression of miR-203 and NEDD9 in HT-29 and Caco-2 cell lines. The promising target gene of miR-203 was predicted by miRNA target prediction and dual luciferase reporter assay. CRC Cell proliferation, colony formation, cell apoptosis and cell invasion assays were performed to explore the effect of NaBt, miR-203 and NEDD9 on HT-29 and Caco-2 cell lines. Results: The results showed that NaBt increased the expression of miR-203 to induce CRC cell apoptosis as well as inhibit cell proliferation, colony formation and cell invasion. Moreover, we determined that the NEDD9 was a target gene of miR-203. NEDD9 partially overcame the inhibitory effects of miR-203 on CRC cell colony formation and invasion. Conclusions: NaBt could induce CRC cell apoptosis, inhibit CRC cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion through miR-203/NEDD9 cascade. The present study may enrich the mechanisms underlying the process that NaBt exerts anti-tumor effects on CRC cells.
Frailty in Chinese Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: Prevalence and Prognostic Significance
Authors: Ng Jack Kit-Chung , Kwan Bonnie Ching-Ha , Chow Kai-Ming , Cheng Phyllis Mei-Shan , Law Man-Ching , Pang Wing-Fai , Leung Chi-Bon , Li Philip Kam-Tao , Szeto Cheuk-Chun
Published: October 2016

Background/Aims: Previous studies showed that frailty is prevalent in both pre-dialysis and dialysis patients. However, the prevalence and prognostic implication of frailty in Chinese peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients remain unknown. Methods: We used a validated questionnaire to determine the Frailty Score of 193 unselected prevalent PD patients. All patients were then followed for 2 years for their need of hospitalization and mortality. Results: Amongst the 193 patients, 134 (69.4%) met the criteria of being frail. Frailty Score significantly correlated with Charlson's comorbidity score (r = 0.40, p < 0.0001), Malnutrition Inflammation Score (r = 0.59, p < 0.0001), and inversely with Subjective Global Assessment score (r = -0.44, p < 0.0001). Frailty was closely associated with the need of hospitalization. Patients with nil, mild, moderate, and severe frailty required 2.4 ± 6.0, 1.6 ± 1.6, 2.7 ± 2.5, 5.2 ± 4.8 hospital admissions per year, respectively (p < 0.0001), and they stayed in hospital for 6.4 ± 9.2, 5.3 ± 6.2, 10.0 ± 10.4, 12.9 ± 20.1 days per hospital admission, respectively (p < 0.0001). However, Frailty Score was not an independent predictor of patient or technique survival. Conclusions: Frailty is prevalent among Chinese PD patients. Frail PD patients have a high risk of requiring hospitalization and their hospital stay tends to be prolonged. Early identification may allow timely intervention to prevent adverse health outcomes in this group of patients.
High Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Hemodialysis Patients with Central Sleep Apnea: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sakura Mari , Inaba Masaaki , Yoda Koichiro , Ichii Mitsuru , Yamada Shinsuke , Yamakawa Tomoyuki , Ishimura Eiji , Okuno Senji , Shoji Shigeichi
Published: October 2016

Background: The high prevalence of sleep apnea is reported in hemodialysis patients despite the low prevalence of obesity. The present study compared the occurrence of central sleep apnea (CSA) in hemodialysis patients with that in non-hemodialysis patients, and its association with new-onset coronary heart disease (CHD) events. Methods: Seventy-three hemodialysis and 444 non-hemodialysis patients were examined for CSA and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurrence using polysomnography. Hemodialysis patients were monitored for the occurrence of new-onset CHD events. Results: Hemodialysis patients had a significantly higher central apnea-hypopnea index (AHI; 0.7, range 0.2-3.1) than age-, sex- and obstructive AHI-matched non-hemodialysis patients (0.1, range 0-1.0; p < 0.001), in contrast with an insignificant difference for obstructive AHI. Furthermore, the prevalence of CSA was significantly higher in the hemodialysis (21.9%) than in the non-hemodialysis group (9.7%; p = 0.004). A significant and negative association existed between log (central AHI + 1) and Kt/V in hemodialysis patients. In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, hemodialysis patients with CSA had a significantly higher rate of new-onset CHD events than those without CSA. Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis identified CSA prevalence as an independent risk factor for the development of a new-onset CHD event, independent of OSA. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that hemodialysis patients had a significantly higher CSA prevalence than non-hemodialysis patients despite similar obstructive AHI, and that hemodialysis patients with CSA had a significantly higher risk for new-onset CHD events than those without CSA independent of obstructive AHI, suggesting CSA as a potential CHD risk specifically in hemodialysis patients.
Bilateral Diffuse Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia (PASH) Causing Gigantomastia in a 33-Year-Old Pregnant Woman: Case Report
Authors: Krawczyk Natalia , Fehm Tanja , Ruckhäberle Eugen , Mohrmann Svjetlana , Riemer Jasmin , Braunstein Stefan , Hoffmann Jürgen
Published: October 2016

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a benign proliferation of mammary stroma mostly described as an incidental microscopic finding. Clinically, it can manifest as a palpable, well-circumscribed breast mass or in rare cases as a diffuse bilateral process causing massive breast enlargement. The most postulated theory for aetiology of this condition is hormonal stimulation of mammary myofibroblasts, particularly by progesterone. A definite diagnosis of PASH is based on typical pathological findings like stromal hyperplasia and empty slit-like channels positive for myofibroblastic and negative for endothelial markers. The main clinical differential diagnosis is a fibroadedoma or phylloid tumour, and histologically a low-grade angiosarcoma. There are less than 200 cases of tumorous PASH and less than 20 of diffuse PASH reported so far. Here we present a case report of huge diffuse PASH, that is, to our knowledge, the first in a pregnant woman.
Chronobiology of Aging: A Mini-Review
Authors: Cornelissen Germaine , Otsuka Kuniaki
Published: October 2016

Aging is generally associated with weakening of the circadian system. The circadian amplitude is reduced and the circadian acrophase becomes more labile, tending to occur earlier with advancing age. As originally noted by Franz Halberg, similar features are observed in the experimental laboratory after bilateral lesioning of the suprachiasmatic nuclei, suggesting the involvement of clock genes in the aging process as they are in various disease conditions. Recent work has been shedding light on underlying pathways involved in the aging process, with the promise of interventions to extend healthy life spans. Caloric restriction, which is consistently and reproducibly associated with prolonging life in different animal models, is associated with an increased circadian amplitude. These results indicate the critical importance of chronobiology in dealing with problems of aging, from the circadian clock machinery orchestrating metabolism to the development of geroprotectors. The quantitative estimation of circadian rhythm characteristics interpreted in the light of time-specified reference values helps (1) to distinguish effects of natural healthy aging from those associated with disease and predisease; (2) to detect alterations in rhythm characteristics as markers of increased risk before there is overt disease; and (3) to individually optimize by timing prophylactic and/or therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring a disturbed circadian system and/or enhancing a healthy life span. Mapping changes in amplitude and/or acrophase that may overshadow any change in average value also avoids drawing spurious conclusions resulting from data collected at a fixed clock hour. Timely risk detection combined with treatment optimization by timing (chronotherapy) is the goal of several ongoing comprehensive community-based studies focusing on the well-being of the elderly, so that longevity is not achieved at the cost of a reduced quality of life.
Association between Recreational Physical Activity and the Risk of Upper Urinary Calculi
Authors: Chen Jian-Xin , Yu Xiao-Xiang , Ye Yu , Yang Xiao-Bo , Tan Ai-Hua , Xian Xiao-Ying , Wei Su-Chun , Long Jun , Mo Zeng-Nan
Published: October 2016

Objective: Upper urinary calculi (UUC) is considered to be a comprehensive disease associated with many risk factors, but the role of physical activity (PA) is undefined. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate this relationship in Asian populations. Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with UUC were the subjects of study and those who participated in a health examination in local medical center were included as controls. Information was collected through the same standard questionnaire. A metabolic equivalent score (METs) was measured for each kind of activity. OR of UUC in categories of PA were determined by logistic regression. Results: A total of 1,782 controls and 1,517 cases were enrolled. People who took higher PA (5-9.9, 10-19.9, 20-29.9 and >30 METs/wk) weekly were associated with lower risks of UUC than those took lower PA (<4.9 METs/wk) after adjusting for age, ethnicity, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, water intake, history of gout, history of diabetes mellitus, history of supplemental calcium use and history of hypertension (adjusted OR 0.11, 0.32, 0.24, 0.34; 95% CI 0.08-0.15, 0.23-0.43, 0.15-0.40, 0.22-0.53, respectively; p value <0.001). Conclusions: In our cross-sectional study, PA was associated with UUC.
Geoquímica do magmatismo Ediacarano Serra do Caramuru, NE da Província Borborema, RN, Brasil
Authors: Macêdo Filho Antomat Avelino de , Souza Zorano Sérgio de
Published: October 2016

Os stocks Serra do Caramuru e Tapuio (magmatismo Serra do Caramuru), localizados no extremo NE do Domínio Rio Piranhas-Seridó (RN), são representantes do plutonismo ediacarano a cambriano da Província Borborema. Análises químicas de rocha total (elementos maiores e traço, incluindo elementos terras raras) em amostras provenientes principalmente do stock Serra do Caramuru permitiram efetuar a caracterização geoquímica deste magmatismo. Foram identificadas as fácies diorítica, granítica porfirítica, granítica equigranular I e granítica equigranular II, além de diques e sheets graníticos. A fácies diorítica é leucocrática a melanocrática, rica em biotita e hornblenda. As fácies graníticas são hololeucocráticas a leucocráticas, com biotita e eventualmente hornblenda. A variação no conteúdo de óxidos e elementos traço sugere o fracionamento de zircão, apatita, titanita, clinopiroxênio (em dioritos), biotita, hornblenda, allanita, plagioclásio, microclina e granada (em diques tardios). O comportamento de Zr, La e Yb indica que dioritos não constituem o magma parental dos granitos. Por outro lado, as fácies graníticas parecem ser cogenéticas, apresentando trends de diferenciação e espectros de elementos terras raras (ETR) análogos [12,3≤(La/Yb)N≤190,8; Eu/Eu*=0,30-0,68]. O padrão de ETR de diques e sheets graníticos [6,96≤(La/Yb)N≤277,84; Eu/Eu*=0,18-0,58] sugere não cogeneticidade ao magmatismo Serra do Caramuru. A fácies diorítica é metaluminosa, shoshonítica, enquanto os granitos são metaluminosos a ligeiramente peraluminosos, cálcio-alcalinos de alto potássio. Diagramas envolvendo óxidos e elementos traço corroboram um ambiente pós-colisional. Os dados aportados permitem correlacionar o magmatismo Serra do Caramuru ao grupo de granitoides pós-colisionais, cálcio-alcalinos de alto potássio com eventuais associações shoshoníticas, do Domínio Rio Piranhas-Seridó.
Novos dados geológicos e isotópicos para o Domínio Iriri-Xingu, Província Amazônia Central: implicações para a idade do Grupo Iriri
Authors: Semblano Flávio Robson Dias , Pereira Nayan Cezar S. , Vasquez Marcelo Lacerda , Macambira Moacir José Buenano
Published: October 2016

O Domínio Iriri-Xingu, sul da Província Amazônia Central, é uma das regiões geologicamente menos conhecidas do Cráton Amazônico. Nela predominam rochas vulcânicas e granitóides paleoproterozoicos e o embasamento regional raramente aflora. Estudos petrográficos e feições de campo possibilitaram identificar três conjuntos de rochas: Granitos Tipo A (sienogranitos e quartzo-sienitos), Granitos Tipo I (monzogranitos, quartzo-monzodioritos, quartzo-monzonitos e granodioritos) e rochas vulcânicas e vulcanoclásticas do Grupo Iriri (riolitos e dacitos, e ignimbritos dacíticos, respectivamente). As idades Pb‑Pb em zircão confirmam a ocorrência de pelo menos dois eventos magmáticos orosirianos nessa região: 1992-1986 Ma e 1889 Ma. Dados isotópicos Sm-Nd das rochas estudadas forneceram idades-modelo Nd TDM de 2,43 a 3,13 Ga com εNd(t) de –10 a –3, o que permitiu confirmar uma fonte crustal antiga para esses magmas, típica da Província Amazônia Central. Esses resultados indicam que os eventos magmáticos de 1,99 Ga e 1,89 Ga, que são comuns no Domínio Tapajós, também ocorrem no Domínio Iriri-Xingu. Contudo, apresentam fontes crustais arqueanas contrastantes com as fontes paleoproterozoicas características do Domínio Tapajós. Além disso, as idades obtidas em cristais de zircão das rochas vulcânicas do Domínio Iriri-Xingu são mais antigas que ca. 1880 Ma, habitualmente correlatas ao Grupo Iriri. Assim, este trabalho propõe uma redefinição litoestratigráfica dessa unidade, com base na ocorrência de rochas vulcânicas de ca. 1988 Ma na sua área-tipo.