bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community Legal Awareness in the Implementation of Land Administration in Tanjung Bunga Village
Authors: Tasmara Afdol , Dewi Susi Fitria , Montessori Maria , Frinaldi Aldri
Published: December 2022

This research is motivated by the low legal awareness of the community in the administration of land administration in Tanjung Bunga Village. This study aims to analyze the mechanism, the causes of the low legal awareness, and how to increase the legal awareness of the community in certifying land. This research is qualitative descriptive research with a case study method. In determining the informants, the researcher used a purposive sampling technique consisting of 27 people, and the data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. All data were tested for validity using Source Triangulation. In the data analysis technique, the researcher uses data reduction (data reduction), data presentation (data display), and conclusion drawing (verification). The results showed that the mechanism used to certify land had three stages, consisting of land registration procedures, time for obtaining certificates, and costs for obtaining land certificates. The factors that cause low public awareness of land certification are based on 3 (three) factors, namely, community confidence, less than optimal socialization methods, and less availability of time from the community. The efforts that have been made are asking for help from the land office to provide socialization to the village community, taking advantage of the free land certificate program from the government, and visiting each resident's house by Tanjung Bunga Village officials. This study concludes that the government's efforts to certify community land still have serious challenges due to the belief factor owned by the community.
Normative Problems in Settlement of Waste Disputes in Court According to Law Number 18 of 2008 concerning Waste Management
Authors: Pujiyanto Risang , Wulung RB Seno , Taufan Sonny
Published: December 2022

Garbage is something that will always grow along with the rate of population growth. If waste is not managed properly, it will become a problem that often leads to disputes. Dispute resolution regarding waste management is currently regulated in Law Number 18 of 2008 concerning Waste Management, but the norms governing it are still unclear. This research is a type of normative research that is carried out using a statutory approach. The results of the research show that Law Number 18 of 2008 concerning Waste Management does not clearly define Waste Management as one of the parties to a dispute in waste management. This is contrary to the Principle of Clarity of Formula contained in Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning Formation of Legislation as last amended by Law Number 13 of 2022 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning Formation of Legislation invitation. The unclear definition of Waste Management can ultimately result in legal certainty in waste disputes.
온라인 기반 초등 영어 다독의 성공 요인
Authors:   The Korea Association Of Primary English Education, Kim Ui jin , Kim Jeong-ryeol
Published: December 2022

This study focused on the success factors for English extensive reading on elementary students. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with elementary school students who had been successfully continuing their participation in the online extensive reading program in English. In the process, interview data from five students were collected and analyzed to sort out the success factors. The student’s extensive reading experiences were also analyzed and thematized through a repetitive qualitative thematization method. The results of the study were as follows: First, the sense of competition and achievement were strong agents to motivate students to successfully continue in extensive reading. Second, being positively influenced by the peer group was acting as a factor for enabling successful extensive reading. Third, it was found that the encouragement of parents, especially in the early stage of extensive reading, helped students continue to read. Students have gradually made it a habit to read the book in a self-directed form through encouragement of their parents. Fourth, students who successfully conducted online-based self-directed extensive reading experienced the improvement of integrated language function in the reading process.
Vietnam fire service capabilities study using simulation modelling technologies
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Pham Quoc Hung
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The article presents the results of a study of the capabilities of the Vietnamese fire service to respond to various destructive events using the KOSMAS computer simulation system (Emergency Services Computer Modeling System), and also presents and evaluates possible options for the development of fire service forces and means and their deployment in Vietnam. Goals and objectives. Study of the capabilities of the Vietnamese fire service to respond to various destructive events using simulation technologies. Methods. Simulation (computer) modelling. Results and discussion. By means of a simulation model, an assessment of the coverage by the response time of fire departments of all buildings and structures located on the territory of Vietnam is given and the number and locations of the new fire stations are determined. Conclusions. As a result of the simulation experiments, in addition to the existing fire stations, 11 new potential locations for fire stations were identified, the commissioning of which will reduce on 2-3 min average response time of the first fire units in the country. Taking into account the new fire stations, 87.4 % of all buildings and structures available on the territory of the country will be located in the 20-minute response time zone of the fire units (that is 6.4 % more compared to the existing option) and almost 94.4 % – in the 30-minute response time. Keywords: response time, fire stations, operational activities, simulation model, simulation system.
Experimental evaluation of the formation of an explosive environment over the floating roof of an oil storage tank during pumping out of a neighboring tank in case of fire
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Rubtsov Vladimir Valentinovich , Le Viet Hai ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Tran Van Han ,   Fire Safety Institute of the Ministry of Public Security of Vietnam
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The study of the formation of explosive concentrations of vapors of flammable liquids (hereinafter referred to as flammable liquids – LVL) in the gas space of a tank with a floating roof when pumping oil out of it during a fire of a neighboring tank in oil storage facilities in Vietnam. Goal and tasks. Consider the reasons for the spread of fire from a burning vertical, steel floating-roof oil storage tank (hereinafter – RVSPK) to an adjacent non-burning RVSPK with oil. Develop a program of experiments. Create an industrial experimental setup for measuring explosive and fire hazardous concentrations of light oil fractions above the floating roof of a full-scale reservoir with a volume of 65 000 m3 of crude oil. Conduct an experiment to measure the concentration of light fractions of oil over a floating roof during pumping. To experimentally determine the possibility of the formation of explosive and fire hazardous concentrations of light fractions of oil (methane), within the lower concentration limit of flame propagation, in the steam space above the floating roof of the RVSPK in real time in the process of lowering the level of the floating roof during pumping out oil in the event of a fire on a neighboring tank. Method. Analysis. Full-scale experiment. Results and discussion. A natural experiment was carried out. The results of studies on the distribution of concentrations of combustible vapors of light fractions of oil (methane) in the gas space above the floating roof of a non-combustible tank of 65000 m3 during oil pumping are obtained. The most probable places of formation of explosive concentrations are determined. To reduce the fire load, the risk of fire spread, possible damage and death caused by fire in large-capacity RVSPK oil storage facilities in Vietnam, it is proposed to pump oil from the adjacent RVSPK to the burning RVSPK in combination with concentration control in the aerodynamic shadow zone inside the RVSPK gas space. Conclusions. When crude oil is pumped out of the tank in the annular zone around the floating roof, an explosive methane-air mixture zone is formed with a methane concentration reaching the lower concentration limit of flame propagation. Keywords: fire, fire and explosion safety, reservoir, floating roof, concentration, combustion.
Mathematical foundations of stochastic modeling of the dynamics of operational risks in sociotechnical systems
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Prus Mikhail Yuryevich
Published: December 2022

Introduction. A significant number of accidents and emergencies are initiated by incidents caused by failures of technical facilities and various equipment for reasons related to operational factors. Therefore, the problem of creating new technologies that provide regulation within acceptable limits of the level of risk of dangerous incidents is becoming urgent. Such technologies can be created on the basis of organizing monitoring of real conditions and other operating factors, as well as their regulation through the introduction of appropriate technical and economic mechanisms. The purpose of the study is to develop new approaches to the study of the dynamics of operational risks in sociotechnical systems based on discrete-event modeling of the processes of occurrence of dangerous failures of technical objects. Methods. When constructing a stochastic model, technical objects are presented as material carriers of emerging and developing degradation changes caused by a certain set of sources of degradation processes that generate a corresponding set of failure modes. Results and discussion. A general model of operational risks has been built, based on the representation of the generalized operating time by an integral functional from the main operational factors and taking into account sets of sources of degradation processes. Analytical expressions are obtained to describe the dynamics of dangerous failures of technical objects and to determine the distribution function of dangerous failures, considering the values of the operating time functional and using three-parameter Weibull distributions. Conclusions. The development of methods for modeling multicomponent risks generated by dangerous failures of technical objects seems to be a promising direction for improving the information and analytical support of risk-based management in specialized systems aimed at reducing socio-economic losses caused by failures of technical objects and various equipment due to minimizing the flow of dangerous incidents generated by the main sources of failures. The proposed model of operational risks can be used in safety systems in solving a number of problems to determine various parameters of reliability and safety of operation of technical objects, as well as in predicting the expected socio-economic damage based on assessing the impact of operational factors on the generalized operating time and changing reliability parameters technical objects. Keywords: reliability and safety indicators, operation of technical objects, set of failure modes, three-parameter Weibull distribution.
Substantiation of the criterion of social fire risk in buildings and structures in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Kharisov Gayaz Kharisovich , Firsov Alexey Viktorovich ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Currently, the Russian Federation has one of the highest levels of individual and social fire risk in the world, which causes a contradiction between the normative value of social fire risk of 10-7 and the lack of its justification (economic, statistical). The paper presents the main indicators of the situation with fires in the Russian Federation from 2009 to 2020. The equations of the dependence of the costs of ensuring fire safety depending on the individual fire risk, as well as damage from fires, are derived. The optimal value of individual fire risk is calculated, which is used to justify the social fire risk. Overestimation of the calculated values of fire risks leads to the fact that the owners of facilities are forced to increase their fire safety to indicators that do not correspond to the level of development of the national economy, the development of the material and technical base, as well as the level of scientific and technical development in accordance with Art. 3 of the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 No. 184 " On Technical Regulation". The purpose of the study is to substantiate the social fire risk in buildings and structures of the Russian Federation for 2023-2027. Research methods. The article uses a probabilistic-statistical method of research. The costs of ensuring fire safety are analyzed in connection with the damage from fires, which depends on the individual fire risk. The results of the study. The social fire risk in the Russian Federation for buildings and structures is justified. Conclusion. The article shows one of the possible methods of developing a scientific and methodological approach to substantiating the normative value of social fire risk in buildings and structures of various classes of functional fire hazard of the Russian Federation. A reasonable social fire risk makes it possible to maintain an acceptable level of human safety in buildings and structures, which corresponds to the level of development of the national economy, the development of the material and technical base, as well as the level of scientific and technical development of the country. Keywords: fire, individual fire risk, social fire risk, risk of death in a fire, simultaneous death of people.
Analysis of the fire and explosion hazard of the formation of corrosive deposits on the inner surface of tanks with sulfurous oil
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Petrilin Dmitry Andreevich
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The annual number of fires at the facilities of the petrochemical industry is increasing. Spontaneous combustion of pyrophoric corrosive deposits is one of the main sources of ignition. The large damage caused by fires on tanks with sulfur oil indicates a serious danger of the formation of pyrophoric corrosive deposits on the surface of oil tanks. The purpose of the study. Analyze the fire and explosion hazard of the formation of pyro-form corrosion deposits on the surface of oil tanks. The tasks of the work: - analysis of statistics of accidents that occurred at the facilities of the petrochemical industry; - analysis of fires that occurred due to spontaneous combustion of pyrophoric corrosive deposits; - analysis of the danger of formation of corrosive deposits on the surface of oil tanks, protection systems against them. Methods. In the course of the work, methods of comparison, description, generalization were used. The information basis of the study was various literary sources, regulatory documents, materials of fire analysis at tank farms. Results and discussion. The practice of operating oil tanks during the storage of sulfurous oil and the origin of fires shows that modern methods of corrosion protection are ineffective. It is necessary to adjust the existing regulatory and legal documentation in the field of improving the fire and explosion safety of petrochemical industry facilities, to develop new, more effective means of anticorrosion protection of tanks with sulfurous oil. One of the methods to protect the oil tank from corrosion is to apply protective coatings on the inner surface of the tank. However, modern anticorrosive coatings do not have the required protective ability. Conclusion. The corrosion protection system currently used is insufficiently effective. At the same time, the problem of protecting the inner surface of sulfurous oil tanks by applying anticorrosion paint coatings has not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, a more thorough study of this issue is necessary in order to increase the fire and explosion safety of sulfur oil tanks. Keywords: fire and explosion safety, tank, corrosion, pyrophores, protection, oil, sulfur.
About organization of fire safety systems in cities
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Bruslinskiy Nikolay Nikolaevich , Sokolov Sergey Viktorovich ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Grigorieva Margarita Petrovna ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The article presents the results of many years of research in the field of organizational design of emergency and rescue services (E&RS). The study is a complete solution to the actual scientific and technical problem of substantiating and designing the most important subsystem of the infrastructure of modern cities and territories – the E&RS, which ensures the sustainable and safe life of any city (or territory). The main stages of the research are briefly considered in the article. Based on their results, dozens of publications have been published in different countries of the world. The purpose of the study is to summarize the scientific research that forms the methodological basis of the theory of organization and management of the E&RS of cities and territories. Research methods. Methods of mathematical statistics, probability theory, system analysis, mathematical modelling. Results and its discussion. The article summarizes scientific approaches to the design and organization of urban E&RS based on the use of mathematical and simulation methods. The analytical models presented in the article adequately describe the process of functioning of the E&RS in time, based on the main temporal characteristics of the response of E&RS to a random destructive event (fire, accident, accident, etc.). Simulation modeling technologies make it possible to reproduce the process of E&RS functioning in time and space, taking into account the geographical features of the region and the corresponding laws of the probability distribution of a random variable. An interesting scientific task is to determine the optimal number of basic and special fire trucks in order to ensure the constant readiness of the E&RS to respond to destructive events, which can be solved using the tools of the E&RS organization theory described in the article. Also, the article presents a brief historical overview of the formation and development of the organization theory E&RS. Conclusion. The article presents a complete multi-aspect review of scientific approaches to the design and organization of E&RS and also describes the methodological basis of the theory of E&RS organization. The presented results of multi-year research could be considered as a methodological guidance for assessing the functional parameters of any city E&RS and developing a project for its improved structure. Keywords: fire service, emergency and rescue services, statistical analysis, mathematical models, modeling. •
МЕХАНИЗМЫ УПPОЧНЕНИЯ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ СТАДИЙНОСТИ ДЕФОPМАЦИИ В ВЫСОКОМАРГАНЦЕВОЙ АУСТЕНИТНОЙ СТАЛИ ГАДФИЛЬДА
Authors: Н.А. Попова, , А.А. Клопотов, , Е.Л. Никоненко, , Л.И. Тришкина, , Т.В. Черкасова, , Г.Г. Волокитин, , О.М. Лоскутов, , В.И. Бородин, , А.И. Потекаев,
Published: December 2022

В работе представлены исследования деформационного воздействия на высокомарганцевую аустенитную сталь Гадфильда. Получены зависимости напряжения течения и коэффициента деформационного упрочнения от степени пластической деформации при одноосном растяжении. Выявлено, что линейная стадия II деформационного упрочнения при e ~5% разделяется на две подстадии, отличающиеся типом дислокационных субструктур и значениями коэффициентов деформационного упрочнения. Установлено, что изменение коэффициента деформационного упрочнения коррелирует с моментом включения процессов двойникования и началом перехода дислокационной субструктуры из одного типа в другой. Определены количественные параметры: объемная доля материала, охваченного скольжением и двойникованием, объемные доли материала, где двойникование развивается по одной, двум и трем системам. Установлено, что наиболее интенсивно двойникование развивается в интервале e = 5-20%. Показано, что вовлечение в процессе деформирования дефектов различного типа (микродвойников и дислокаций) не зависит от способа пластической деформации (растяжение, прокатка). Установлена роль кристаллографической текстуры, которая проявляется в повышении фактора Шмида при образовании микродвойников, поскольку микродвойникование влечет за собой ориентационное разупрочнение и облегчает процесс скольжения. Выявлено в отдельных зернах наличие минимальных и даже нулевых значениях фактора Шмида при двойниковании. В этих зернах движущей силой двойникования являются внутренние поля напряжений, возникновение которых обусловлено несовместностью деформации соседних зерен.
ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ ТОЧЕЧНЫХ ДЕФЕКТОВ НА ФОНОННЫЙ СПЕКТР КРИСТАЛЛА И ВОЗМОЖНОСТЬ ВОЗБУЖДЕНИЯ НЕЛИНЕЙНЫХ МОД
Authors: И.С. Луценко, , А.В. Маркидонов, , П.В. Захаров, , М.Д. Старостенков,
Published: December 2022

Динамика решетки кристаллов определяется многими факторами, в том числе дефектами структуры и внешними условиями. В данной работе нами рассмотрено поведение плотности фононных состояний кристалла при различной концентрации точечных дефектов и температурах. Рассмотрен кристалл стехиометрии А3В, на примере Pt3Al, в котором возможно существования запрещенной зоны в фононном спектре кристалла. Модель представляла собой расчетную ячейку, содержащую от 103 до 105атомов. Частицы взаимодействовали посредством многочастичного потенциала, полученного методом погруженного атома. При этом накладывались периодические граничные условия, чтобы избежать краевых и поверхностных эффектов. Далее производилось удаление нужной доли атомов Al и/или Pt с последующей релаксацией модели не менее 20 пикосекунд и нагревом до необходимой температуры. Расчет спектров кристаллов производился непосредственно с данных, полученных при расчетах, т.е. рассчитывалась частота каждого атома и весь диапазон полученных значений разбивался на 100 интервалов для определения плотности их распределения. Такой подход менее точен теоретических расчетов, однако позволяет отслеживать динамику спектра, к тому же теоретический расчет сложных конфигураций решетки с дефектами крайне затруднителены. Тем самым в работе получены качественные результаты, позволяющие оценить изменение плотности фононных состояний решетки при наличии точечных дефектов. Полученные зависимости свидетельствуют о том, что с ростом температуры и концентрации дефектов увеличивается вероятность возбуждения мод, частоты которых близки к собственным частотам дискретных бризеров в данном кристалле.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ИНТЕНСИВНОЙ ПЛАСТИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ ЭКСТРУЗИЕЙ НА МИКРОСТРУКТУРУ И ФИЗИКО-МЕХАНИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА
Authors: Н.А. Лугинин, , А.Ю. Ерошенко, , Е.В. Легостаева, , Ю. Шмидт, , А.И. Толмачев, , П.В. Уваркин, , Ю.П. Шаркеев,
Published: December 2022

Выполнено исследование влияние экструзии на механические свойства биомедицинских сплавов на основе систем Mg-Y-Nd и Mg-Ca. Сплавы деформировали методом горячей обратной экструзии, накопленная деформация составила e=1,46. Показано, что в результате экструзии в сплавах формируются дисперсно-упрочненные частицами Mg24Y5 и Mg2Caбимодальные структуры, состоящие из зерен a-фазы магния со средним размером 14 и 9 мкм соответственно для Mg-Y-Nd и Mg-Ca и зерен a-фазы с размерами менее 1 мкм для обоих сплавов, объемная доля которой составила 22 и 50 %, соответственно. Бимодальная структура в сплавах Mg-Y-Nd и Mg-Ca обеспечивает повышение условного предела текучести, предела прочности в 1,5 и 2,5 раза, а пластичности – в 1,8 и 6,3 раза, соответственно, что связано с субструктурым упрочнением, перераспределением фазового состава и формирующейся текстурой. Показано, что обработка экструзией сплава Mg-Y-Nd не приводит к ухудшению коррозионной стойкости сплава в физиологическом растворе (раствор 0,9 % NaCl в дистиллированной воде, pH = 7) в отличие от сплава Mg-Ca, в котором присутствие большей объемной доли ультрамелких зерен и межзеренных границ способствует значительному увеличению скорости коррозии.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РАСПАДА ПЕРЕСЫЩЕННОГО ТВЕРДОГО РАСТВОРА В НОВЫХ ВЫСОКОМАГНИЕВЫХ СПЛАВАХ, ЭКОНОМНОЛЕГИРОВАННЫХ МАЛЫМИ СКАНДИЕВЫМИ ДОБАВКАМИ
Authors: А.А. Рагазин, , Е.В. Арышенский, , В.Ю. Арышенский, , А.М. Дриц, , С.В. Коновалов,
Published: December 2022

Цель работы является изучение распада пересыщенного твердого в алюминиевых сплавах с высокими содержанием магия и малыми добавками скандия 1590, 1580 и 01570. Исследование проводили на образцах, полученных литьем в стальной кокиль. Образцы анализировали методом сравнения электропроводимости. После исследования образцов в литом состоянии, их отжигали при различных температурах в диапазоне от 260 ℃ до 440 ℃, с различными выдержками от 2 до 100 часов. Литое состояние принято, как максимально насыщенного раствора, а при отжиге пересыщенный раствор распадается, а его электросопротивление уменьшается. Bсходя из этого положения построены С-кривые 50 % и 80 % распада пересыщенного твердого раствора исследуемых сплавов. Установлено, что новый сплав 1590 является более термостабильным на всем диапазоне исследуемых температур, при этом температура, при которой скорость распада максимальная находится в интервале 350-370 ℃. Сплав 1580 так же демонстрирует значительную термостабильность пересыщенного твердого раствора скандия, в то время как 1570 распад происходит наиболее быстро. Наиболее интенсивно распад пересыщенного твердого раствора происходит в сплавах 1580 и 1590 при температурах 450-470 ℃.
КОРРОЗИОННЫЕ СВОЙСТВА И ТРИБОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ ПОКРЫТИЙ ИЗ КАРБИДА ВОЛЬФРАМА С АЛЮМИНИДНОЙ МАТРИЦЕЙ НА НЕРЖАВЕЮЩЕЙ СТАЛИ AISI304
Authors: А.А. Бурков, , А.Ю. Быцура,
Published: December 2022

Методом электроискрового легирования аустенитной нержавеющей стали AISI304 в анодной смеси из алюминиевых и железных гранул c добавлением порошка карбида вольфрама получены WC-Fe-Alпокрытия. Покрытия имели двухфазную микроструктуру, представленную интерметаллидной Fe-Al матрицей с крупными включения карбида вольфрама. Импедансная спектроскопия в 3,5 % р-ре NaClпоказала снижение коррозионной стойкости WC-Fe-Al покрытий с ростом концентрации карбида вольфрама в анодной смеси. Поляризационные испытания показали монотонное повышение потенциала коррозии покрытий от -0,77 до -0,61 В с ростом содержания WC в анодной смеси. При этом плотность тока коррозии линейно увеличивалась с 19,4 до 62,7 мкА/см2. Высокотемпературное окисление покрытий при температуре 900 °С за 100 часов испытаний, интенсифицировалсь с ростом концентрации карбида вольфрама, однако умеренное армирование Fe-Al матрицы карбидом вольфрама не ухудшало ее жаростойкость. С ростом содержания армирующей керамики в Fe-Al покрытии повышалась его микротвердость с 7,3 до 11 ГПа, снижался коэффициент трения до 0,51 и улучшалась износостойкость. Применение WC-Fe-Al покрытий на нержавеющей стали AISI304 позволяет повысить твердость и жаростойкость ее поверхности, снизить коэффициент трения, и улучшить износостойкость до 19 раз.
СТРУКТУРА И СВОЙСТВА ПОКРЫТИЯ БОРА, НАНЕСЕННОГО МЕТОДОМ МАГНЕТРОННОГО РАСПЫЛЕНИЯ И МОДИФИЦИРОВАННОГО ЭЛЕКТРОННЫМ ПУЧКОМ
Authors: Ю.Ф. Иванов, , Г.Ю. Юшков,
Published: December 2022

Разработана методика нанесения покрытий бора на поверхность с использованием планарного магнетрона постоянного тока с мишенью из чистого непроводящего, при нормальных условиях, кристаллического бора. Скорость нанесения покрытия бора при мощности магнетронного разряда уровня 40 Вт составляла около 3,5 нм/мин. Покрытие было модифицировано электронным пучком в среде азота с энергией электронов 5 кэВ и плотностью тока пучка 5 мА/см2. Приводятся параметры и свойства таких покрытий толщиной 1,1±0,1 мкм, нанесенных на нержавеющую сталь 12Х18Н10Т. Определена плотность, исследована морфология покрытия, микротвердость и модуль Юнга. Определено влияние электронно-пучкового воздействия на поверхность покрытия, исследован его элементный состав. Показано, что доля атомов бора в покрытии варьируется от 70,7 ат. %. до 88,5 ат. %. Методами рентгеноструктурного анализа и просвечивающей электронной микроскопии обнаружено, что покрытие бора является аморфно-кристаллическим, т.е. содержит в объеме аморфной фазы кристаллические включения с размерами 3-7 нм. Выявлено наличие фаз боридов и гексаборидов хрома в приповерхностных областях подложки.
ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ПЛАСТИЧНОСТИ БОРИДНОГО ПОКРЫТИЯ НА НИЗКОУГЛЕРОДИСТОЙ СТАЛИ
Authors: В.Н. Корнопольцев, , С.А. Лысых, , А.С. Милонов,
Published: December 2022

В работе представлены сравнительные исследования структуры, микротвердости, коэффициента диффузии и пластичности борированного и боромедненного слоев, полученных на низкоуглеродистой стали Ст3 за время выдержки 3, 4 и 5 ч при помощи разработанного совмещенного твердофазного метода с использованием высокотемпературного синтеза насыщающих элементов из окислов бора и медив процессе термической обработки (ТО), что приводит к интенсификации процесса легирования поверхности железоуглеродистых сплавов (ЖУС). При чистом борировании в процессе химической термообработки (ХТО) формирование покрытия происходит по классическому варианту с образованием слоя со структурой игольчатые кристаллиты, ориентированные от поверхности вглубь металла. После 5-ти часовой обработки формируется двухфазное покрытие из высшего борида FeB с микротвердостью 21-22 ГПа и расположенного под ним слоя низшего борида Fe2B с микротвердостью 18-19 ГПа. Толщина слоя высшего борида составляет до трети от общей протяженности борированного покрытия. Максимальная длинна игл для борирования составила 120 мкм, Структура боромедненного покрытия также имеет структуру игольчатых кристаллитов, но отличается более плотной упаковкой и большей длинной игл – до 200 мкм. При боромеднении устанавливает положительный градиент роста микротвердости от поверхности вглубь слоя с максимальной величиной 18-18,5 ГПа на расстоянии 10…20 % от поверхности от общей толщины покрытия. Коэффициент диффузии бора при наличии в грануле окиси меди увеличивается до 4-х раз, определенный расчетом и уравнениями, полученными при помощи программного обеспечения Excel. Величина хрупкости eпред для борирования составила 1,25-1,27, для боромеднения – 2,21-2,42, что оценивается баллами хрупкости: для борирования – 3, для боромеднения – 1. Наличие окиси меди в реакционной грануле способствует диффузии бора вглубь ЖУС с формированием фазы из низшего борида железа, что положительно сказывается на финишной обработке и эксплуатации обрабатываемых деталей.
Digital footprint in education as a driver of professional growth in the digital age
Authors: Dyachenko M. S. , Leonov A. G.
Published: December 2022

The large-scale global digital transformation of the economy is changing all spheres of human activity, introducing fundamental changes, including all the levels of educational system. The modern educational process is not limited to the digitisation of educational materials or to the introduction of remote education. Digital transformation impacts the educational activities in higher education, secondary, professional, and even preschool education. Development and implementation of digital learning environments is a prerequisite for obtaining detailed learning data of an individual for the entire time of his education, that caused the appearance of the lifelong digital educational footprint. The developers of digital educational courses plan to analyze the digital footprint and to use the results to adjust an educational trajectory when studying at higher educational institutions. The integration with social networks and messengers provides the data needed to create virtual assistant based on the individual behavior, that helps the student to master the course material. The collected data is also useful to create student’s digital twin, that is used by the teacher to conduct educational experimental research on the implementation of new educational technologies, or to adjust learning path to achieve maximum educational results of the particular student. The authors conducted the research on possibilities to use digital footprint for assessing the current state of the student’s competencies and for keeping the student’s competencies in an active state taken into account lifelong learning strategy. The proposed by the authors’ hypotheses could be applied to improve the effectiveness of adaptive systems of professional adult education.
Predictors of severe course of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19): study design
Authors: Mishchenko Tatyana A. , Ermakova Polina A. , Ermakova Anna A. , Tseller Lyudmila P. , Rogozhkina Yulia A. , Verteletskaya Margarita I. , Burakevich Olga A. , Kardashina Zarina Z.
Published: December 2022

Aim. To identify predictors of the severe course of a new coronavirus infection.
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 120 clinical case histories of patients hospitalized in hospitals in Tyumen with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 within one year (01.08.202001.08.2021) was carried out. The patients were divided into two groups: 1st with a favorable outcome (n=96), 2nd with an unfavorable (fatal) outcome (n=24). For a more complete analysis, scales for assessing the clinical condition of patients (SHOCK-COVID), severity assessment (NEWS2) were used. Information processing was carried out in the IBM.SPSS.Statistics-19 program (USA).
Results. As a result of the study, the median age for the 1st group was significantly lower (58 years) than for patients of the 2nd group (69 years; p=0.029). A certain set of laboratory parameters for group 2 patients deviate significantly from the reference values (C-reactive protein CRP 7.6 [4.7; 15.2] mg/dl, D-dimer 1.89 [1.36; 5.3] mcg/ml, ferritin 605 [446.7; 792] ng/ml). When analyzed in groups, taking into account the main markers of the severity of the disease, using the V.Yu. Mareev CCAS-COVID (Clinical Condition Assessment Scale) scale, for the 1st group, the sum of the set of parameters was 6 [2; 7] points, which corresponds to the average severity of coronavirus infection, for the 2nd group 13 [9; 16] points severe course. For patients of the 2nd group, a significant increase in the indicators of an unfavorable prognosis was revealed in comparison with the 1st group.
Conclusion. Thus, in this study, the level of CRP, ferritin, D-dimer, the percentage of lung tissue damage according to computed tomography results, SaO2 were significantly associated with an unfavorable prognosis.
Analysis of fatal outcomes of meningococcal infection in adults
Authors: Zhdanov Konstantin V. , Kovalenko Aleksandr N. , Chirsky Vadim S. , Gusev Denis A. , Nalivkina Natalia A. , Zinserling Vsevolod A. , Grigoriev Stepan G. , Khairutdinova Regina A. , Isakov Artem N. , Sharabkhanov Valerian V.
Published: December 2022

Clinical characteristics and pathomorphological manifestations in 69 patients aged 18 to 86 years with a fatal outcome of the disease were examined in order to analyze the causes of severe course and high mortality of generalized forms meningococcal infection. It was found that the main clinical form was meningococcemia (90%), in the majority in combination with meningitis (52%). The fulminant course in 77% of patients with meningococcal sepsis manifested itself as a sudden onset, rapid development of typical symptoms. Hemorrhagic exanthema was detected on the first day of meningococcemia. The leading complications and critical conditions were infectious-toxic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute adrenal insufficiency (WaterhouseFriederiksen syndrome). The severe course of meningitis (in 10%) led to the development of cerebral coma, the morphological substrate of which was edema swelling of the brain.
Impact of vaccination with pneumococcal vaccines on recurrent pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ignatova Galina L. , Antonov Vladimir N.
Published: December 2022

Background. Community-acquired pneumonia (САР) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among the main causes of mortality worldwide, and, in addition, they also lead to great economic losses for the health system of all countries. Currently, there is an increase in cases of recurrent pneumonia, both in the general population and, in particular, in patients with COPD. One of the most important risk factors for the development of pneumonia is the previous episode of САР. Potential risk factors for recurrent pneumonia are concomitant diseases such as heart failure, COPD, diabetes mellitus, neurological disorders, swallowing dysfunction, immune deficiency.
Aim. To conduct a retrospective analysis of the effect of vaccine prophylaxis with conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) and polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPV23) on the risk of recurrent pneumonia in patients with COPD.
Materials and methods. A total of 302 male patients were included in the retrospective study. When analyzing the data, the fact of the development of pneumonia of any etiology during the 5th observation period was taken into account. For the recurrence of pneumonia, more than two episodes of CAP were taken during the year. 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine Prevenar-13 and 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine Pneumo23 were used for vaccine prophylaxis. The relative risk of the event was calculated. A 95% confidence interval was used.
Results and conclusion. A retrospective analysis showed that, firstly, CAP is a fairly frequent complication of COPD: initially, the average percentage of cases of САР was 19.3%. Secondly, the risk of developing repeated episodes of pneumonia remains quite high in unvaccinated patients and tends to increase within 5 years: from 17 to 22%. Thirdly, the pneumococcal vaccines used have different effects on the risk of recurrent pneumonia in patients with COPD, a significant decrease in the number of recurrent pneumonia is observed only with the use of conjugated vaccines.
Clinical cases of complicated diverticulitis against the background of severe course COVID-19. Case report
Authors: Pshenichcnaya Natalia Yu. , Ponezheva Zhanna B. , Marzhokhova Asiyat R. , Kharaeva Zaira F. , Balagova Liana E. , Marzhokhova Madina Yu. , Shestakova Irina V.
Published: December 2022

Two clinical cases of perforation of a previously undiagnosed colon diverticulum in patients with coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus treated at the Hospital №1 of Nalchik. Both patients were elderly, overweight, had a lot of chronic concomitant diseases. Patients received hormone therapy and were targeted: the first patient twice (tocilizumab on the first day of hospitalization and olokizumab on the 7th day of inpatient treatment). The second patient received levilimab on the 3rd day of his stay in the hospital. A short time after targeting, both patients developed acute diffuse abdominal pain, the patients were transferred to the surgical department and operated on. During the operation, both patients were found to have previously undiagnosed diverticular disease, complicated by diverticular perforation and peritonitis on the background of immunosuppression. Both patients died. Thus, when using targeted therapy for patients with COVID-19, it is necessary to take into account that they may have previously undiagnosed chronic diseases that can cause fatal complications against the background of immunosuppression.
Clinical case conference in medical practice and education: Origins and current status
Authors: Dvoretsky Leonid I.
Published: December 2022

A genesis of clinical case conference as a form of case discussion that integrates medical and educational functions is presented. The role of the following top figures of medicine in the development of clinical case conference is described: J.-M. Charcot, S.P. Botkin, G.A. Zakharin, V.N. Vinogradov, A.L. Myasnikov, E.M. Tareev, N.A. Mukhin. The article pays special attention to clinical case conference in Russian medical education. The role of clinical case conferences in shaping medical judgment in a clinician and a student is discussed.
Informativeness estimation for the main clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with severe COVID-19
Authors: Stanevich Oksana V. , Bakin Evgeny A. , Korshunova Aleksandra A. , Gudkova Alexandra Ya. , Afanasev Aleksey A. , Shlyk Irina V. , Lioznov Dmitry A. , Polushin Yury S. , Kulikov Alexandr N.
Published: December 2022

Aim. To conduct a retrospective assessment of the clinical and laboratory data of patients with severe forms of COVID-19 hospitalized in the intensive care and intensive care unit, in order to assess the contribution of various indicators to the likelihood of death.
Materials and methods. A retrospective assessment of data on 224 patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit was carried out. The analysis included the data of biochemical, clinical blood tests, coagulograms, indicators of the inflammatory response. When transferring to the intensive care units (ICU), the indicators of the formalized SOFA and APACHE scales were recorded. Anthropometric and demographic data were downloaded separately.
Results. Analysis of obtained data, showed that only one demographic feature (age) and a fairly large number of laboratory parameters can serve as possible markers of an unfavorable prognosis. We identified 12 laboratory features the best in terms of prediction: procalcitonin, lymphocytes (absolute value), sodium (ABS), creatinine, lactate (ABS), D-dimer, oxygenation index, direct bilirubin, urea, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, age, LDH. The combination of these features allows to provide the quality of the forecast at the level of AUC=0.85, while the known scales provided less efficiency (APACHE: AUC=0.78, SOFA: AUC=0.74).
Conclusion. Forecasting the outcome of the course of COVID-19 in patients in ICU is relevant not only from the position of adequate distribution of treatment measures, but also from the point of view of understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of the disease.
Clinical case of mucormycosis in patient COVID-19. Case report
Authors: Nurtdinova Guzel M. , Suleymanov Azat M. , Bayazitov Ian I. , Khismatullina Zarema R. , Shamigulov Fanil B. , Gumerov Ruslan M. , Agaidarova Gulmira M. , Zagidullin Shamil Z. , Shchekin Sergey V. , Shchekin Vlas S. , Absalyamova Dina F. , Pavlov Valentin N. , Zagidullin Naufal Sh.
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 epidemic is being revealed from a new angle every month. In particular, with the appearance of the delta strain, mucormycosis began to manifest in some patients, which had previously been extremely rare. Mucormycosis is a rare, aggressive infection caused by filamentous fungi of the Mucorales family and associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The main risk factors for the mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19 are diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis, uncontrolled hyperglycemia and massive use of glucocorticoids, vascular damage, thrombosis, lymphopenia, which often occur against the background of COVID-19 and make a person vulnerable to secondary or opportunistic fungal infection. We present a clinical case of mucormycosis in a 21-year-old female patient with COVID-19-associated severe pneumonia and concomitant type I diabetes mellitus. The patient was hospitalized and received standard therapy during inpatient treatment, including glucocorticosteroids in accordance with the severity of the course of COVID-19. On the 12th day from the hospitalization, the patient's condition deteriorated significantly, and the visible changes in the skin and soft tissues of the face, characteristic of mucormycosis appeared. Despite the drug therapy correction, the patient died because of the acute respiratory failure in combination with septic fungal damage of the brain stem.
Pulmonary fibrosis in patients with COVID-19: A review
Authors: Chuchalin Alexander G.
Published: December 2022

The viral infectious disease pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has affected over 500 million people and killed over 6 million. This is the official data provided by the WHO as of the end of May 2022. Among people who have recovered from COVID-19, post-COVID syndrome is quite common. Scattered epidemiological studies on post-COVID syndrome, however, indicate its high relevance. One of the manifestations of post-COVID syndrome is the development of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). This article is devoted to the analysis of literature data on epidemiology, immunomorphology, as well as X-ray morphological and functional characteristics of PF in patients with post-COVID syndrome. Attention is drawn to the various phenotypes of the post-COVID syndrome and the incidence of PF, which, as clinical practice shows, is most common in people who have had severe COVID-19. This article discusses in detail the molecular biological and immunological mechanisms of PF development. The fibrotic process of the lung parenchyma is not an early manifestation of the disease; as a rule, radiomorphological signs of this pathological process develop after four weeks from the onset of acute manifestations of a viral infection. The characteristic signs of PF include those that indicate the process of remodulation of the lung tissue: volumetric decrease in the lungs, cellular degeneration of the lung parenchyma, bronchiectasis and traction bronchiolectasis. The process of remodulating the lung tissue, in the process of fibrosis, is accompanied by a violation of the lung function; a particularly sensitive test of functional disorders is a decrease in the diffusion capacity of the lung tissue. Therefore, in the process of monitoring patients with post-COVID syndrome, a dynamic study of the ventilation function of the lungs is recommended. The main clinical manifestation of PF is dyspnea that occurs with minimal exertion. Shortness of breath also reflects another important aspect of fibrous remodulation of the lung parenchyma oxygen dissociation is disturbed, which reflects a violation of the gas exchange function of the lungs. There are no generally accepted treatments for PF in post-COVID syndrome. The literature considers such approaches as the possibility of prescribing antifibrotic therapy, hyaluronidase, and medical gases: thermal helium, nitric oxide, and atomic hydrogen. The article draws attention to the unresolved issues of post-covid PF in people who have had COVID-19.
A new approach to etiotropic therapy ARVI in children
Authors: Sabitov Alebai U. , Kovtun Olga P. , Esaulenko Elena V. , Sorokin Pavel V.
Published: December 2022

Aim. Confirmation of the efficacy and safety of the drug riamilovir (Triazavirin), 100 mg capsules, in children aged 1217 years with the diagnosis of acute viral respiratory infection (ARVI).
Materials and methods. The multicenter study included 269 patients diagnosed with acute viral respiratory infection (ICD-10 code: J00, J02, J02.9, J04, J04.0, J04.1, J04.2, J06, J06.0, J06.9) in the presence of clinical manifestations and confirmation of the etiology of the disease by laboratory tests (PCR method). Patients were included in the study after one of the patient's parents/adoptive parents and the patient signed an informed consent to participate in the study. The interval between the appearance of the first symptoms of the disease and the inclusion of the patient in the study did not exceed 36 hours.
Results. As a result of a clinical study, the efficacy and safety of treatment with riamilovir (Triazavirin) in sick children aged 1217 years with a diagnosis of ARVI was shown. A decrease in the duration of the disease was shown when using the drug riamilovir (Triazavirin) compared with the control group. No serious adverse events were detected during the study.
Conclusion. As a result of the conducted clinical study, the high efficacy, safety and good tolerability of the drug riamilovir in the treatment of children aged 1217 years with a diagnosis of ARVI was established. It is recommended to use the drug riamilovir in clinical practice as an etiotropic therapy in children aged 1217 years with a diagnosis of ARVI due to its high efficacy and safety.