bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence-Based Review of BioBran/MGN-3 Arabinoxylan Compound as a Complementary Therapy for Conventional Cancer Treatment
Authors: Ooi Soo Liang , McMullen Debbie , Golombick Terry , Nut Dipl , Pak Sok Cheon
Published: October 2017

Introduction: Conventional cancer treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, may not be sufficient to eradicate all malignant cells and prevent recurrence. Intensive treatment often leads to a depressed immune system, drug resistance, and toxicity, hampering the treatment outcomes. BioBran/MGN-3 Arabinoxylan is a standardized arabinoxylan concentrate which has been proposed as a plant-based immunomodulator that can restore the tumor-induced disturbance of the natural immune system, including natural killer cell activity to fight cancer, complementing conventional therapies. Objectives: To comprehensively review the available evidence on the effects and efficacies of MGN-3 as a complementary therapy for conventional cancer treatment. Methods: Systematic search of journal databases and gray literature for primary studies reporting the effects of MGN-3 on cancer and cancer treatment. Results: Thirty full-text articles and 2 conference abstracts were included in this review. MGN-3 has been shown to possess immunomodulating anticancer effects and can work synergistically with chemotherapeutic agents, in vitro. In murine models, MGN-3 has been shown to act against carcinogenic agents, and inhibit tumor growth, either by itself or in combination with other anticancer compounds. Fourteen successful MGN-3 treated clinical cases were found. Eleven clinical studies, including 5 nonrandomized, pre-post intervention studies and 6 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were located. Reported effects include enhanced immunoprofile, reduced side effects, improved treatment outcomes; one RCT established significantly increased survival rates. There are no reports on adverse events on MGN-3. Most of the clinical trials are small studies with short duration. Conclusion: There is sufficient evidence suggesting MGN-3 to be an effective immunomodulator that can complement conventional cancer treatment. However, more well-designed RCTs on MGN-3 are needed to strengthen the evidence base.
First-in-Man Evaluation of 124I-PGN650: A PET Tracer for Detecting Phosphatidylserine as a Biomarker of the Solid Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Laforest Richard , Dehdashti Farrokh , Liu Yongjian , Frye Jennifer , Frye Sarah , Luehmann Hannah , Sultan Deborah , Shan Joseph S. , Freimark Bruce D. , Siegel Barry A.
Published: October 2017

Purpose:

PGN650 is a F(ab′)2 antibody fragment that targets phosphatidylserine (PS), a marker normally absent that becomes exposed on tumor cells and tumor vasculature in response to oxidative stress and increases in response to therapy. PGN650 was labeled with 124I to create a positron emission tomography (PET) agent as an in vivo biomarker for tumor microenvironment and response to therapy. In this phase 0 study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics, safety, radiation dosimetry, and tumor targeting of this tracer in a cohort of patients with cancer.

Methods:

Eleven patients with known solid tumors received approximately 140 MBq (3.8 mCi) 124I-PGN650 intravenously and underwent positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) approximately 1 hour, 3 hours, and either 24 hours or 48 hours later to establish tracer kinetics for the purpose of calculating radiation dosimetry (from integration of the organ time-activity curves and OLINDA/EXM using the adult male and female models).

Results:

Known tumor foci demonstrated mildly increased uptake, with the highest activity at the latest imaging time. There were no unexpected adverse events. The liver was the organ receiving the highest radiation dose (0.77 mGy/MBq); the effective dose was 0.41 mSv/MBq.

Conclusion:

Although 124I-PGN650 is safe for human PET imaging, the tumor targeting with this agent in patients was less than previously observed in animal studies.
A systematic review of Federal Drug Administration Docket for community consultation and public disclosure in exception from informed consent trials
Authors: Haggins Adrianne N , Harney Deneil , Scott Sara , Silbergleit Robert
Published: October 2017

Background:

Exception from informed consent imposes community consultation and public disclosure requirements on clinical investigation in critically ill and injured patients. In 2011, the Food and Drug Administration instructed sponsors to submit publically disclosed information to the Food and Drug Administration Docket, but to date there has been no comprehensive analysis of available data. We summarized the community consultation and public disclosure practices of exception from informed consent trials published on the Food and Drug Administration Docket in order to better understand the breadth of common practices that exists among acute care clinical research.

Methods:

We performed quantitative and qualitative analysis of Docket FDA-1995-S-0036 from its initiation until June 2017 in order to summarize existing practices. We developed a 4-point scoring system to categorize public disclosure and community consultation based on inclusion of key components such as a detailed plan, schedule of events conducted, results, and materials uploaded.

Results:

The 177 docket submissions represented 34 trials. Material related to public disclosure accounted for 49% of pages, community consultation 45%, and 6% other. The median Docket Review Content Score for public disclosure was 3 (mean: 2.5, range: 0–4) and 2 (mean: 2.1, range: 0–4) for community consultation materials.

Conclusion:

The public information contained in the Docket varies broadly by trial and content. Additionally, as evidenced by the wide range of the Docket Review Content Score, submission guidelines are not followed uniformly. Given the apparent uncertainty about what should be submitted, and the need for best practice recommendations, it is valuable to categorize and summarize existing community consultation and public disclosure content.
Preventing disability in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Allen Patrick B. , Gower-Rousseau Corinne , Danese Silvio , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent
Published: October 2017

Disability is a common worldwide health challenge and it has been increasing over the past 3 decades. The treatment paradigm has changed dramatically in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) from control of symptoms towards full control of disease (clinical and endoscopic remission) with the goal of preventing organ damage and disability. These aims are broadly similar to rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.

Since the 1990s, our attention has focused on quality of life in IBD, which is a subjective measure. However, as an objective end-point in clinical trials and population studies, measures of disability in IBD have been proposed. Disability is defined as ‘…any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being.’ Recently, after 10 years of an international collaborative effort with the World Health Organization (WHO), a disability index was developed and validated. This index ideally would assist with the assessment of disease progression in IBD.

In this review, we will provide the evidence to support the use of disability in IBD patients, including experience from rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. New treatment strategies, and validation studies that have underpinned the interest and quantification of disability in IBD, will be discussed.
Depression Screening in the School Setting: Identification of the Depressed Adolescent
Authors: Law Wan Ching , McClanahan Rachel , Weismuller Penny C.
Published: October 2017

Adolescent depression is a silent epidemic in this country. Untreated depression has detrimental effects on physical health, psychosocial well-being, and academic productivity. It is important for school nurses to be able to recognize depression and refer students promptly for treatment. This article and its associated learning module will provide school nurses with updated information on adolescent depression, discuss barriers in depression screening, use of the PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionaire-9 Item) as an evidence-based depression screening tool in the educational setting, and the important role of school nurses in depression screening. It is anticipated that by increasing awareness and knowledge about adolescent depression and providing training in the use of an evidence-based screening tool, school nurses will have greater confidence in identifying and referring students in need. (A free online depression screening education module developed by the lead author is available at https://sites.google.com/view/depressionscreeningtraining .)
Coordinating Care for Students With Chronic Conditions: CLUE #1
Authors: Maughan Erin D. , Yonkaitis Catherine F.
Published: October 2017

Care coordination is an important part of school nurses’ responsibilities, but coordinating that care for students in schools with chronic conditions is more complex than what we learned in nursing school. This article is the second in a series of articles for NASN School Nurse that will delve into how to apply evidence-based practice (EBP) to school nursing. The article focuses on the first step of EBP: asking the question. As the series progresses, we encourage you to apply the steps to a situation in your setting or even use the series to increase discussions at nursing staff meetings so all can benefit.
The Agrarian Question a Century after October 1917: Capitalist Agriculture and Agricultures in Capitalism
Authors: Amin Samir
Published: October 2017

This article addresses one of the key dimensions confronting the Russian and Chinese revolutions, that of the agrarian question for the peasantry which constituted popular majorities in each of these countries at the time of their revolutions. In commemoration of the centennial of the Russian Revolution, two challenges are presented here. The first concerns the manner through which historical capitalism has ‘settled’ the (agrarian) question in favour of minorities comprising the populations of the developed capitalist economies of the centre (about 15 per cent of the total world population). Is the reproduction of this model of ‘development’ feasible or achievable for the populations of contemporary Asia, Africa and South America? It is argued that the agrarian question of the peoples of the South can only be solved by a bold vision of socialism. The second challenge concerns the strategy of stages which I propose as a longer-term process of constructing a socialist alternative for the populations of these three continents. As it must, the new agrarian question is the key issue to be addressed in the processes of building socialism in the twenty-first century.
Barbarism or Socialism: 1917–2017–2050 (?)
Authors: Li Minqi
Published: October 2017

Two decades after the end of the Soviet Union, the global capitalist economy narrowly escaped total collapse in the ‘Great Recession’ of 2008–2009. The world in the twenty-first century has entered into a new era of crisis, which is economic, political and environmental. What will happen between now and the mid-twenty-first century that may shape and largely determine the future of humanity for centuries to come. On the occasion of the centennial anniversary of the October Revolution, this article re-evaluates the trajectory of the twentieth century socialism and identifies its legacies. It also considers the unique character of contemporary contradictions and argues that the formation of new industrial working classes may fatally undermine the system’s political legitimacy and raise again the ‘spectre of communism’ that Marx and Engels predicted, this time not only in Europe but also in the entire globe.
One Hundred Years of Learning: The Russian Revolution of 1917
Authors: Barbosa Wilson do Nascimento
Published: October 2017

This year, 2017, the world celebrates the centenary of the two Russian Revolutions that marked the twentieth century and changed the course of history. This article traces the worldwide impact of the Russian Revolution and its contribution to the awakening of the masses in Europe and the peripheries, in the course of the twentieth century. It also throws light on the imperialist counteroffensive and argues for the ongoing relevance of Leninist doctrine in the struggle against imperialism and bourgeois domination. The article elaborates the teachings of Leninism and its unique organizational power in the interest of long-term struggle.
Sport-Related Concussions: Symptom Recurrence After Return to Exercise
Authors: O’Brien Michael J. , Howell David R. , Pepin Michael J. , Meehan William P.
Published: October 2017

Background:

Current guidelines dictate a gradual exercise progression after a concussion; however, it is unclear what proportion of athletes experience a recurrence of symptoms once they are symptom free at rest. Estimating the proportion of athletes and predictors of symptom recurrence would help shape return-to-play protocols.

Purpose:

To determine the proportion and associated risk factors of athletes who have a recurrence of concussion symptoms with exercise after being symptom free at rest.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Between October 1, 2009 and July 31, 2011, we studied patients from a sport concussion clinic located within a tertiary care regional children’s hospital. Patients were queried at every visit using a standardized questionnaire. Our main outcome variable was recurrence of symptoms with exercise after being symptom free at rest at some point in their recovery. Cofactors included age, sex, loss of consciousness with injury, prior concussion (diagnosed and undiagnosed), Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) score, time until clinical presentation, and duration of symptoms.

Results:

Of the 217 patients included, 25 (12%) experienced a return of symptoms. Losing consciousness at the time of injury and a longer duration between injury and clinical presentation were associated with a decreased risk of symptoms recurring with exercise. Conversely, athletes who had sustained previously undiagnosed concussions and had suffered a longer duration of symptoms at rest were at an increased risk of symptom recurrence with exercise.

Conclusion:

Relatively few athletes who are symptom free at rest after a concussion will have a recurrence of symptoms when they resume exercise. The risk of symptoms recurring with exercise may be greater among those athletes who sustained previously undiagnosed concussions and had a longer period of symptoms at rest. The early identification of athletes who may be at risk of symptom recurrence will help mold treatment guidelines and exercise progression protocols.
A Biomechanical Comparison of Limited Open Versus Krackow Repair for Achilles Tendon Rupture
Authors: Dekker Robert G. , Qin Charles , Lawton Cort , Muriuki Muturi G. , Havey Robert M. , Alshouli Mohammed , Patwardhan Avinash G. , Kadakia Anish
Published: October 2017

Background:

Soft tissue complications after Achilles tendon repair has led to increased interest in less invasive techniques. Various limited open techniques have gained popularity as an alternative to open operative repair. The purpose of this study was to biomechanically compare an open Krackow and limited open repair for Achilles tendon rupture. We hypothesized that there would be no statistical difference in load to failure, work to failure, and initial linear stiffness.

Methods:

A simulated Achilles tendon rupture was created 4 cm proximal to its insertion in 18 fresh-frozen cadaveric below-knee lower limbs. Specimens were randomized to open or limited open PARS Achilles Jig System repair. Repairs were loaded to failure at a rate of 25.4 mm/s to reflect loading during normal ankle range of motion. Load to failure, work to failure, and initial linear stiffness were compared between the 2 repair types.

Results:

The average load to failure (353.8 ± 88.8 N vs 313.3 ± 99.9 N; P = .38) and work to failure (6.4 ± 2.3 J vs 6.3 ± 3.5 J; P = .904) were not statistically different for Krackow and PARS repair, respectively. Mean initial linear stiffness of the Krackow repair (17.8 ± 5.4 N/mm) was significantly greater than PARS repair (11.8 ± 2.5 N/mm) ( P = .011).

Conclusion:

No significant difference in repair strength was seen, but higher initial linear stiffness for Krackow repair suggests superior resistance to gap formation, which may occur during postoperative rehabilitation. With equal repair strength, but less soft tissue devitalization, the PARS may be a favorable option for patients with risk factors for soft tissue complications.
Safety and efficacy of long-term treatment of chronic/persistent ITP with eltrombopag: final results of the EXTEND study
Authors: Wong Raymond S. M. , Saleh Mansoor N. , Khelif Abderrahim , Salama Abdulgabar , Portella Maria Socorro O. , Burgess Paul , Bussel James B.
Published: October 2017

Key Points

Median platelet counts increased to 50 × 109/L or more by week 2 in patients with ITP and were maintained for ≥2 years. Lower platelet counts, more previous therapies, and/or splenectomy resulted in good but somewhat lower responses to eltrombopag.
Enhanced liver gene transfer and evasion of preexisting humoral immunity with exosome-enveloped AAV vectors
Authors: Meliani Amine , Boisgerault Florence , Fitzpatrick Zachary , Marmier Solenne , Leborgne Christian , Collaud Fanny , Simon Sola Marcelo , Charles Severine , Ronzitti Giuseppe , Vignaud Alban , van Wittenberghe Laetitia , Marolleau Beatrice , Jouen Fabienne , Tan Sisareuth , Boyer Olivier , Christophe Olivier , Brisson Alain R. , Maguire Casey A. , Mingozzi Federico
Published: October 2017

Key Points

Enveloped AAV vectors are able to transduce the liver highly efficiently, driving superior correction of hemophilia B in mice. Enveloped AAVs are less susceptible to antibody-mediated neutralization, allowing for liver transduction in preimmunized animals.
Effect of alginate concentration on chondrogenesis of co-cultured human adipose-derived stem cells and nasal chondrocytes: a biological study
Authors: Ewa-Choy Y. W. , Pingguan-Murphy B. , Abdul-Ghani N. A. , Jahendran J. , Chua K. H.
Published: October 2017

Background

The three-dimensional (3D) system is one of the important factors to engineer a biocompatible and functional scaffold for the applications of cell-based therapies for cartilage repair. The 3D alginate hydrogels system has previously been shown to potentially promote chondrogenesis. The chondrocytic differentiation of co-cultured adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and nasal chondrocytes (NCs) within alginate constructs are hypothesized to be influenced by concentration of alginate hydrogel. In this study, we evaluated the effects of alginate concentration on chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs and NCs co-cultured in a biological approach.

Method

The co-cultured cells of 2:1 ADSCs-to-NCs ratio were encapsulated in alginate constructs in one of three concentrations (1.0%, 1.2% and 1.5%) and cultured under serum free conditions for 7 days. Cell viability, cell proliferation, immunohistochemical, gycosaminogylycans (GAG) synthesis, and gene expression were examined.

Results

Overall, the 1.2% alginate concentration group was relatively effective in chondrocytic differentiation in comparable to other groups. The cell morphology, cell viability, and cell proliferation revealed initial chondrogenic differentiation by the formation of cell clusters as well as the high permeability for exchange of solutes. The formation of newly synthesis cartilage-specific extracellular matrix in 1.2% group was demonstrated by positive immunohistochemical staining of collagen type II. The co-cultured cells in 1.2% group highly expressed COL II, ACP and SOX-9, compared to 1.0% and 1.5% groups, denote the retention of cartilaginous-specific phenotype by suppressing the undifferentiation stem cell markers of SOX-2 and OCT-4. The study showed 1.2% group was less likely to differentiate towards osteogenesis by downregulating hyperthrophy chondrocytic gene of COL X and osseous marker genes of OSC and OSP.

Conclusion

This study suggests that variations in the alginate concentration of co-cultured ADSCs and NCs influenced the chondrogenesis. The remarkable biological performance on chondrogenic differentiation in regulating the concentration of alginate 3D culture provides new insights into the cell cross-talk and demonstrates the effectiveness in regenerative therapies of cartilage defects in tissue engineering.
Oligochitosan-stabilized photoluminescent gold nanoconstructs for optical bioimaging
Authors: Yoo Donghyuck , Lee Dongwon
Published: October 2017

Background

Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are typically composed of several to tens of gold atoms which are stabilized with biomacromolecules such as bovine serum albumin (BSA). Au NCs fluoresces in the visible to near infrared region, in a size-dependent manner. AuNCs solutions have potential as fluorophore in a wide range of biomedical applications such as biodetection, biosensing and bioimaging in vitro and in vivo
.
However, their stability and harsh condition of preparation limit their biomedical application.

Methods

BSA stabilized AuNCs (BSA-AuNCs) were prepared by mixing HAuCl
4
solution with BSA solution for 24 h at 37°C under basic condition. BSA-AuNCs were then mixed with oliogochitosan (OCS) to generate BSA-Au-OCS nanocomplexes. The physicochemical and optical properties of BSA-Au-OCS nanocomplexes were studied using a fluorospectrometer. Their potential as a bioimaging agent in vivo and in vitro was evaluated using a fluorescent imaging instrument.

Results

BSA-stabilized AuNCs solutions were mixed with oligochitosan (OCS) to develop BSA-Au-OCS nanocomplexes of a mean diameter of ~250 nm. BSA-Au-OCS nanocomplexes could emit light at 620 nm and the complexation with OCS did not affect the photophysical properties of BSA-AuNCs. BSA-Au-OCS nanocomplexes showed less cytotoxicity than BSA-AuNCs and was readily taken up by cells. BSA-Au-OCS nanocomplexes showed strong fluorescence in tissues.

Conclusions

We developed stable BSA-Au-OCS nanocomplexes which fluoresce in the near infrared region. BSA-Au-OCS nanocomplexes exhibited significantly less cytotoxicity and strong fluorescence emission, suggesting potential for biomedical applications.
Exposure to violence and mental health of adolescents: South
African Health and Well-being Study
Authors: Stansfeld Stephen A. , Rothon Catherine , Das-Munshi Jayati , Mathews Cathy , Adams Arlene , Clark Charlotte , Lund Crick
Published: October 2017

Background

Material and social environmental stressors affect mental health in
adolescence. Protective factors such as social support from family and
friends may help to buffer the effects of adversity.

Aims

The association of violence exposure and emotional disorders was examined
in Cape Town adolescents.

Method

A total of 1034 Grade 8 high school students participated from seven
government co-educational schools in Cape Town, South Africa. Exposure to
violence in the past 12 months and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
symptoms were measured by the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, depressive
and anxiety symptoms by the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire and
the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale.

Results

Exposure to violence was associated with high scores on depressive (odds
ratio (OR)=6.23, 95% CI 4.2–9.2), anxiety (OR=5.40, 95% CI 2.4–12.4) and
PTSD symptoms (OR=8.93, 95% CI 2.9–27.2) and increased risk of self-harm
(OR=5.72, 95% CI 1.2–25.9) adjusting for gender and social support.

Conclusions

We found that high exposure to violence was associated with high levels
of emotional disorders in adolescents that was not buffered by social
support. There is an urgent need for interventions to reduce exposure to
violence in young people in this setting.
Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Clinical Trial of Anti–T-Lymphocyte Globulin to Assess Impact on Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease–Free Survival in Patients Undergoing HLA-Matched Unrelated Myeloablative Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Soiffer Robert J. , Kim Haesook T. , McGuirk Joseph , Horwitz Mitchell E. , Johnston Laura , Patnaik Mrinal M. , Rybka Witold , Artz Andrew , Porter David L. , Shea Thomas C. , Boyer Michael W. , Maziarz Richard T. , Shaughnessy Paul J. , Gergis Usama , Safah Hana , Reshef Ran , DiPersio John F. , Stiff Patrick J. , Vusirikala Madhuri , Szer Jeff , Holter Jennifer , Levine James D. , Martin Paul J. , Pidala Joseph A. , Lewis Ian D. , Ho Vincent T. , Alyea Edwin P. , Ritz Jerome , Glavin Frank , Westervelt Peter , Jagasia Madan H. , Chen Yi-Bin
Published: October 2017

Purpose

Several open-label randomized studies have suggested that in vivo T-cell depletion with anti–T-lymphocyte globulin (ATLG; formerly antithymocyte globulin-Fresenius) reduces chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) without compromising survival. We report a prospective, double-blind phase III trial to investigate the effect of ATLG (Neovii Biotech, Lexington, MA) on cGVHD-free survival.

Patients and Methods

Two hundred fifty-four patients 18 to 65 years of age with acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome who underwent myeloablative HLA-matched unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) were randomly assigned one to one to placebo (n =128 placebo) or ATLG (n = 126) treatment at 27 sites. Patients received either ATLG or placebo 20 mg/kg per day on days −3, −2, −1 in addition to tacrolimus and methotrexate as GVHD prophylaxis. The primary study end point was moderate-severe cGVHD-free survival.

Results

Despite a reduction in grade 2 to 4 acute GVHD (23% v 40%; P = .004) and moderate-severe cGVHD (12% v 33%; P < .001) in ATLG recipients, no difference in moderate-severe cGVHD-free survival between ATLG and placebo was found (2-year estimate: 48% v 44%, respectively; P = .47). Both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were lower with ATLG (2-year estimate: 47% v 65% [ P = .04] and 59% v 74% [ P = .034], respectively). Multivariable analysis confirmed that ATLG was associated with inferior PFS (hazard ratio, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.28; P = .026) and OS (hazard ratio, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.12 to 2.71; P = .01).

Conclusion

In this prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of ATLG in unrelated myeloablative HCT, the incorporation of ATLG did not improve moderate-severe cGVHD-free survival. Moderate-severe cGVHD was significantly lower with ATLG, but PFS and OS also were lower. Additional analyses are needed to understand the appropriate role for ATLG in HCT.
“We Are Not Expected”
Authors: Jourian T.J. , Simmons Symone L. , Devaney Kara C.
Published: October 2017

Despite slowly expanding literature on trans* students in higher education, there is virtually nothing examining the lived experiences, identity processes, and needs of trans* educators in higher education and student affairs. This awareness led to the inaugural T* Circle dialogue in March 2014 among nine diverse trans* educators, moderated by a cisgender facilitator, to make visible and begin to fill this gap. The manuscript describes the trans*formative participatory process of designing and implementing this unique program, key themes from the dialogue and postdialogue reflections, and an expressed intention to trans*form higher education through future collaborations and projects.
There's No T in Fair?
Authors: Romesburg Don
Published: October 2017

The Committee on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender History's scholarly Making the Framework FAIR report (2014) recommends substantial revisions to California's K–12 History–Social Science Framework in order to bring it into compliance with the FAIR Education Act. The law, passed in 2011, mandates inclusion of the roles and contributions of LGBT Americans and people with disabilities in the state's primary and secondary school US history education. To date, efforts to get state agencies, school districts, and educators to fully implement the FAIR Education Act have been insufficient, particularly in relation to transgender history. As the state undergoes History–Social Science Framework revision, it should adopt the transgender-inclusive changes suggested by Making the Framework FAIR report for grades two, four, five, eight, and eleven. This represents a golden opportunity to create comprehensive and lasting change across elementary, middle, and high school, in California and beyond.
Queers and the Issue of “Priority”
Authors: Tanaka Ray
Published: October 2017

This article examines the issue of priority that is implicit in discussions of domestic violence in Japan. Inspired by the author's experience at a feminist symposium, this article discusses the implicit prioritization of heterosexual women that occurs in feminist discussions of domestic violence. Making use of their own experiences, the author argues that domestic violence is an issue that all individuals may face, including queer individuals. Heterosexuality as a social default must be questioned, and the author remains hopeful that feminists of all sexualities and genders may be able to work together and prevent social exclusion.
The three-dimensional genome: regulating gene expression during pluripotency and development
Authors: Andrey Guillaume , Mundlos Stefan
Published: October 2017

The precise expression of genes in time and space during embryogenesis is largely influenced by communication between enhancers and promoters, which is propagated and governed by the physical proximity of these elements in the nucleus. Here, we review how chromatin domains organize the genome by guiding enhancers to their target genes thereby preventing non-specific interactions with other neighboring regions. We also discuss the dynamics of chromatin interactions between enhancers and promoters, as well as the consequent changes in gene expression, that occur in pluripotent cells and during development. Finally, we evaluate how genomic changes such as deletions, inversions and duplications affect 3D chromatin configuration overall and lead to ectopic enhancer-promoter contacts, and thus gene misexpression, which can contribute to abnormal development and disease.
Integration of swimming kinematics and ram suspension feeding in a model American paddlefish,Polyodon spathula
Authors: Haines Grant E. , Sanderson S. Laurie
Published: October 2017

Ram suspension-feeding fishes swim with an open mouth to force water through the oral cavity and extract prey items that are too small to be pursued individually. Recent research has indicated that, rather than using a dead-end mechanical sieve, American paddlefish (Polyodon spathula Walbaum) employ vortical cross-step filtration. In this filtration mechanism, vortical flow that is generated posterior to the branchial arches organizes crossflow filtration processes into a spatial structure across the gill rakers. Despite the known impact of locomotor kinematics on fluid flow around the bodies of swimming fish, the effects of locomotor kinematics on filtration mechanisms in ram suspension feeders are unknown. Potential temporal organization of filtration mechanisms in ram suspension-feeding fish has not been studied previously. We investigated the effects of locomotor kinematics associated with undulatory swimming on intra-oral flow patterns and food particle transport. A mechanized model of the oral cavity was used to simulate the swimming kinematics of suspension-feeding paddlefish. We recorded fluctuations of flow speed and pressure within the model, which occurred at a frequency that corresponded with the frequency of the model's strides. Using the mechanized model in a flow tank seeded with Artemia cysts, we also showed that swimming kinematics aided the transport of this simulated food to the posterior margins of the gill slots, although the time scale of this transport is expected to vary with prey parameters such as size and concentration. Dye stream experiments revealed that, while stable vortical flow formed due to flow separation downstream of backward-facing steps in control trials, vortical flow structures in mechanized trials repeatedly formed and shed. These findings suggest strong integration between locomotor and feeding systems in ram suspension-feeding fishes.
PROTEIN AND ITS FRACTIONAL COMPOSITION IN GRAIN OF SPRING WHEATDEPENDING ON TILLAGE SYSTEMS AND WEED INFESTATION OF CROPS
Authors: Бакаева Наталья , Bakaeva Natalya , Салтыкова Ольга , Saltykova Olga
Published: October 2017

The purpose of research is improvement of biochemical parameters of spring wheat grain quality. The studies were conducted in 2007-2010 in the conditions of forest-steppe of the Middle Volga Region. The object of the study was the released varieties of Kinelskaya 59 spring soft wheat grain. The soil of experimental plot is typical chernozem medium loamy, medium. Spring wheat was placed in crop rotation and green manure with clean steam. In crop rotations the following fertilizer were used: no fertilizer application (control) and application N22P22K22 before sowing (azofoska of 1.4 t/ha). Spring wheat crops in 2007 were treated in tillering stage with herbicide Difezan (0.2 l/ha); in 2008 – in the phase of tillering herbicide Logran (10 g/ha). In crop rotations in three different systems of primary tillage were studied. Found that in crop rotation with bare fallow total protein content was little more than link with green manure and steam amounted to an average of 12.7 percent. This was contributed to the increase in the protein fractions of wheat globulins by more than 5% of glutelins more than 9 percent. Thus, when plowing by 20-22 cm increased the accumulation fraction of that prolamins, and fertilizing (N22P22K22) contributed more knock-tunately fractions albumins an average of more than 6% and globulins by 16%, which led to an increase in total protein more than 5% compared to zero tillage. Depending on the subtype of clogging of crops in crop rotation and green manure with clean steam fractional composition of grain increased in the variant without weeds. The fraction of albumin was higher on average by 13%, globulins 11%, glutelins 21%, and the fraction of Pro-laminam has changed slightly. Young and perennial subtypes clogging of the wheat crops reduced the protein content on average by 7-9% in comparison with the variant without weeds.
INFLUENCE OF PLOUGH WORKING BODIES KEY PARAMETERS FOR THE QUALITY OF TIERED PLOWING
Authors: Ерзамаев Максим , Erzamaev Maksim , Сазонов Дмитрий , Sazonov Dmitriy , Мустякимов Раиль , Mustyakimov Rail' , Стрельцов Сергей , Strel'cov Sergey
Published: October 2017

The purpose of the research is improvement of soil level processing quality by justification of key parameters of working bodies of the combined plow. The combined plow consisting of a frame and sections of working bodies is developed for realization of technological process of level processing of the soil with loosening of the subarable horizon. The working section supports the movements of the unit which are consistently established in the direction plow cases of the top tier with a ploughshare surface and the lower tier without ploughshare surface, containing a chisel and dump surface. For implementation of agrotechnical requirements to level processing of the soil the theoretical research on installation of depth of the course of cases of the top and lower tiers of the combined plow is conducted. The interrelation of bottom crests height of furrow from arrangement of working bodies in section and the angle of shift of the soil is investigated by chisel in the case of the lower tier. The distance between the case of the top tier and the case of the lower tier of the combined plow in the longitudinal plane for ensuring the free movement of the soil and stubble is proved. The carried-out theoretical justification and settlement and graphic determination of constructive parameters of working section cases of the combined plow are shown that their rational values are equal: width of capture of cases of the top and lower tier – 0.45 m; chisel width – 0.07 m; an interval of arrangement of working bodies on a plow – 0.45 m; distance between the case of the top tier and the case of the lower tier of the combined level plow – 0.55 m; depth of the course of the case of the top tier – 0.06- 0.18 m; the layer height which is cut out by the case of the lower tier – 0.25-0.35 m; processing depth chisel – 0.06-0.08 m.
Statistics of the Audit Market and Its Regulation
Authors: Гутцайт Евгений , Guttsayt E.
Published: October 2017

Th e article discusses some theoretical questions of regulation of the market for audit services, its statistics for 2004 — 2016, and the use of the obtained statistical information to regulate the market in modern conditions. Proposals for further improvement of statistics and audit regulation of the audit market in our country are given.
Motivation for Proposals for Development of the Qualification Examination for the Right to Conduct Audit Activities in the Russian Federation
Authors: Красильникова И. , Krasil'nikova I. , Казакова Наталия , Kazakova Nataliya
Published: October 2017

Th is article presents the results of the research world similar qualifi cations certifi cate of the Auditor in Russia, as well as proposals for the development of qualifi cation examination for the right to conduct audit activities in the Russian Federation.
Precautions for Preventing Ethical Conflicts in Professional Activity of Accountant
Authors: Миславская Н. , Mislavskaya N.
Published: October 2017

In the article, an attempt is made, based on the approaches and views of modern confl ictology and psychology, to specify the kinds of confl icts characteristic of the activities of a professional accountant and highlight those precautions that can reduce the tension of the relevant working environment and minimize the number of ethical confl icts.
Foreign experience of vending
Authors: Парасоцкая Н. , Parasotskaya N. , Ким А. , Kim A.
Published: October 2017

Th e article considers the concept of vending business and compares vending abroad and in Russia. Particular attention is paid to the advantages and disadvantages of this type of product realization, directions of the industry development.
Diferenciales de ingreso por el color de la piel y desigualdad de oportunidades en Colombia
Authors: Viáfara López Carlos Augusto
Published: October 2017

El objetivo de este artículo es tratar de separar los efectos asociados con la transmisión intergeneracional de la escolaridad de los efectos de la discriminación racial en los diferenciales de ingreso, según el color de la piel en Colombia. Los datos corresponden a la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (enh) de Diciembre del 2000. Se estimaron ecuaciones de ingresos por medio de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios en dos Etapas (mc2e) y se realizaron microsimulaciones. Los resultados muestran que una proporción no deleznable de los diferenciales de ingreso están asociados con la transmisión intergeneracional de las desigualdades por el color de la piel en Colombia.
Pronóstico del precio de la energía en Colombia utilizando modelos ARIMA con IGARCH
Authors: Muñoz-Santiago Alberto , Urquijo-Vanstrahlengs Jaime , Castro-Otero Aníbal , Lombana Jahir
Published: October 2017

El precio de la energía en bolsa es uno de los commodities con más volatilidad en mercados mundiales, lo que convierte su estimación en un reto, debido a los diferentes factores intervinientes: composición del parque generador, clima, precios del petróleo, correlación entre demanda de energía y el pib, entre otros, lo que provoca una volatilidad del precio en bolsa. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar el modelo arima con igarch que mejor pronostique el precio de la energía en Colombia. Se concluye que si las variables estudiadas presentan estas características: comportamientos bruscos en periodos cortos, asimetría en distribución y no cumple con supuestos de estacionariedad, es preferible aplicar los modelos arch, garch y sus diferentes derivaciones por cubrir mejor la heterocedasticidad.
Science: Learn to hypothesise
Authors: Sargent Marianne
Published: October 2017

This is the sixth in a series of extracts from the book, Developing Early Science Skills Outdoors, which explores ideas for providing children with opportunities to learn outside.
The importance of keeping physically active in later life
Authors: Swann Julie
Published: October 2017

Maintaining physical activity can have a dramatic impact on quality of life. In the first article of a two-part series, Julie Swann describes the importance of enabling and encouraging older people to keep active while they are in the care home
Effects of Diafenthiuron in Toxic Baits on Colonies of Leaf-cutting ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Barbosa Marcílio Souza , Forti Luiz Carlos , Fujihara Ricardo Toshio , Raetano Carlos Gilberto
Published: October 2017

Dianfenthiuron is a pre-insecticide that can be activated by photolysis, and may be a promising formicide. This study evaluated the effect of diafenthiuron after photolysis in colonies of Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replications: control (no active ingredient), sulfluramid (standard formicide), diafenthiuron (no exposure to UV), diafenthiuron (2h exposure to UV) and diafenthiuron (6h exposure to UV). Toxic baits were applied at a rate of 0.5 g per colony, and we observed the transport and incorporation of the baits into the colonies. A grading scale was used (0 to 4) to measure the cutting of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves by workers at 2, 7, 14 and 21 days after application (DAA) and we also measured the garden mass (fungus + adult + brood) at 21 DAA in order to check for growth of the fungus culture. Total loading and incorporation occurred one hour after application of the baits. Colonies that received sulfluramid did not transport leaves at 2 DAA. Workers that received baits with D2h showed an average of 20% transport and 55% incorporation of leaves at 21 DAA. The grading scale indicated that treatments D2h and D6h had the lowest averages, 0.80 and 2.00, respectively. The treatments D2h and D6h reduced cutting of leaves and fungus garden mass, but did not kill the colonies of A. sexdens rubropilosa.
The role of parabiotic ants and environment on epiphyte composition and protection in ant gardens
Authors: Leal Laura Carolina , Jacovak Catarina C , Bobrowiec Paulo Estefano D , Camargo José Luiz C , Peixoto Paulo Enrique C
Published: October 2017

Ant gardens (AGs) are a multi-partner specialized ant-plant interaction involving several ant and epiphyte species. Although studies on AGs have reported possible roles for some species in this system, there are unanswered questions regarding the process of epiphyte incorporation in the AGs and the role of less aggressive ant species in AG protection. In this study, we used AGs in the Brazilian Amazon forest formed by two parabiotic ant species to test a set of hypothesis regarding two main questions: 1) How is AG plant community composition affected by the surrounding environment? 2) Does Crematogaster levior play a role in the chemical detection of herbivory in the AGs? After identifying epiphytes occurring at AGs at the forest edge and in the interior, we found that ant gardens in each environment exhibited different compositions, and that plant species bearing oil or extrafloral nectar glands were more frequent in AGs located in the forest interior than in those at the forest edge. By performing experiments with volatile compounds emitted from injured epiphytes, we detected that only Camponotus femoratus was responsive, responding almost eight times faster in response to plant extracts than water treatments. Our results support the idea that environmental conditions affect ant preference for feeding resources provided by epiphytes and consequently shape the structure of the epiphyte community in AGs. On the other hand, the role of C. levior in AGs remains unknown, since it seems to play no direct or indirect role in AG protection.
Solenopsis saevissima (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Activity Delays Vertebrate Carcass Decomposition
Authors: Pereira Eunice Kethure Coelho , Andrade-Silva Joudellys , Silva Orleans , Santos Ciro Líbio Caldas , Moraes Leandro Santos , Bandeira Maria da Conceição Abreu , Silva Carla Raielli Rocha , Rebêlo José Manuel Macário
Published: October 2017

Ants are among the insects involved in cadaveric decomposition processes, as they exhibit predatory and necrophagous behavior. Red ants exhibit an aggressive behavior, which impacts carcass colonization, accelerates or delays the decomposition rates and potentially confounds interpretation of the post-mortem interval. Here, we estimated the effects of Solenopsis saevissima (Smith) activity on the decomposition rate in domestic pig carcasses. We placed two pig carcasses close to S. saevissima nests, and two other pig carcasses (controls) in other locations 50 m away from the nest. Decomposition processes were delayed by at least three days for carcasses on the nest compared to those without direct exposure to ants. Our results showed that predatory activity of S. saevissima interfered with carcass colonization by scavenger insects, functioning as an ecological barrier to the establishment of immature Diptera. Such results highlight the importance of considering ecological processes that may interfere with mechanisms determining post-mortem intervals.
Description of the Intramandibular Gland II in Polybia emaciata Lucas (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)
Authors: Cely Christian Camilo , Penagos-Arévalo Andrea , Billen Johan , Sarmiento Carlos E
Published: October 2017

The intramandibular gland II in Polybia emaciata Lucas is described. This species is among the few that uses mud for nest construction, and their nests persist for a long time following abandonment. The intramandibular gland II has been found in single representatives of the genera Mischocyttarus, Apoica and Leipomeles, and this record is the second for the genus Polybia. Despite expectations derived from the nest characteristics of the species, gland dimensions such as cell diameter were well within the range observed for other species, with the cell number even comparatively small. Gland function remains to be investigated.
Effects of Termites on Soil pH and Its Application for Termite Control in Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Li Ying , Dong Zhi-Yong , Pan Dong-Zi , Pan Cun-Hong , Chen Lai-Hua
Published: October 2017

Soil dwelling termites dig nests in the ground that have a significant impact on the soil environment. Activities of termites can result in accumulation of organic matter and enrichment of nutrients and minerals in the soil. Samples from the nest/surrounding soils of two termite species (Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki) and Reticulitermes flaviceps (Oshima)) and termite non-invaded soils in the seawall of the Qiantang River, Zhejiang Province, China were collected and analysed for soil pH. The results show that the observed termites prefer an acidic environment and that their activities elevate the pH of termite mound soil compared with surrounding soil. Considering the differences in the distribution areas, termite species, and properties of termite mounds and surrounding soils, this paper also examines the literature concerning the effects of termites on soil pH. After summarizing the pH of the termite survival soil environment, the feasibility of termite control by modifying the soil pH is addressed. Finally, some topics for future research are discussed.