bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lens-induced hypopyon uveitis as the presenting manifestation of posterior lens nucleus dislocation following pars-plana vitrectomy: case report
Authors: Ksiaa Imen , Tahar Meriam Ben Hadj , Sellem Ilhem , Attia Sonia , Abroug Nesrine , Khairallah Moncef
Published: March 2021

A 57-year-old otherwise healthy male presented to our department seven days following uneventful pars-plana vitrectomy with gas tamponade for a superior bullous retinal detachment in the left eye. Ophthalmic examination revealed anterior segment inflammation with hypopyon and fibrinous exudate. Intra-ocular pressure was 28 mm Hg. Posterior segment evaluation was difficult to assess due to the presence of anterior capsule opacification and gas bubble. A Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome was suspected and the patient was treated with topical and oral steroid medication associated with anti-glaucomatous therapy. On follow-up, anterior segment inflammation and ocular hypertension improved. On day ten post-operatively, ocular ultrasonography demonstrated lens material inferiorly with attached retina. The final diagnosis of posterior lens nucleus dislocation with lens-material antigenic uveitis was retained. The patient underwent an uneventful second vitrectomy with aspiration of the dislocated lens nucleus and sulcus three piece-lens implantation. On last follow-up, visual acuity was 20/50 with no relapsing of ocular inflammation and the retina remained reattached.
Therapeutic Analysis of Herbert Screw Fixation for Capitellar Fractures via the Anterior Approach in Children
Authors: Ju Lingpeng , Jiang Linjun , Zhang Yuan , Wu Jun , Li Ming , Liu Xing , Qu Xiangyang
Published: March 2021

Objective: To analyse the efficacy of open reduction and Herbert screw fixation for coronal fractures of the capitellum via the anterior approach in children.Methods: We retrospectively analysed the clinical and imaging data of 15 children with capitellar fractures who were admitted to our hospital from May 2014 to May 2019. The fracture was reduced through the cubital crease incision via the anterior approach and was internally fixated with Herbert screws. A follow-up was conducted after the operation to examine the fracture healing and elbow function. The postoperative functional recovery of patients was evaluated with the Mayo Elbow Performance index (MEPI) and the Broberg-Morrey rating system.Results: Patients underwent surgery 3.7 days after injury on average. Intraoperative fracture reduction was satisfactory. No vascular injury or nerve injury occurred. Bony union occurred in an average of 6 weeks after the operation. All children completed 12- to 36-month follow-up. At the last follow-up, the Mayo Elbow Performance index was considered excellent in 12 patients and good in three patients. The Broberg-Morrey score was considered excellent in 12 patients, good in two patients, and fair in one patient. Conclusion: Open reduction and Herbert screw fixation via the anterior approach are an ideal surgical method for the treatment of coronal fractures of the capitellum in children.Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, retrospective study-Level IV
Ecdysis as an auxiliary route for the removal of heavy metals in crustaceans: Laboratory analysis with native mangrove specimens
Authors: Ramos Rômulo José , Leite Gustavo
Published: March 2021

Fiddler crabs (Minuca burgersi) were kept under controlled conditions in an experimental laboratory to assess their ability to secrete metallic contaminants by ecdysis. They were fed different copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) concentrations, with subsequent measurement of heavy metals concentration in the released and renewed exoskeletons. Our results show that these crabs can purify both metals during ecdysis, demonstrating to be an efficient way to decontaminate these toxic components, besides accrediting this native species as a strong indicator of contamination in estuarine environments. Our results also reinforce the need for attention to the contamination characterization in crustaceans before and after ecdysis to avoid underestimation.
Consistent Estimation of Strain Rate Fields from GNSS Velocity Data Using Basis Function Expansion with ABIC
Authors: Okazaki Tomohisa , Fukahata Yukitoshi , Nishimura Takuya
Published: March 2021

Present day crustal displacement rates can be accurately observed at stations of global navigation satellite system (GNSS), and crustal deformation has been investigated by estimating strain-rate fields from discrete GNSS data. The method proposed by Shen et al. (J Geophys Res 101:27957–27980, 1996) offers a simple formulation for simultaneously estimating smooth velocity and strain-rate fields, and it has contributed to clarify crustal deformation fields in many regions all over the world. However, in this paper, we point out three theoretical disadvantages of the method: mathematical inconsistency between estimated velocity and strain-rate fields, inability to objectively determine the optimal value of a hyperparameter that controls smoothness, and inaccurate estimation of uncertainty. As an alternative, we propose a method of basis function expansion with Akaike's Bayesian information criterion (ABIC), which overcomes the above difficulties. Application of the two methods to GNSS data in Japan reveals that the inconsistency in the method of Shen et al. is generally insignificant, but could be serious in regions with sparser observation stations such as in islet areas. More importantly, the method of basis function expansion with ABIC shows a significantly better performance than the method of Shen et al. in terms of the trade-off curve between the residual of fitting and the roughness of velocity field. The estimated strain-rate field with the basis function expansion clearly exhibits a low strain-rate zone in the forearc from the southern Tohoku district to central Japan. We also find that the Ou Backbone Range has several contractive spots around active volcanoes and that these locations well correspond to the subsidence areas detected by InSAR after the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake. Thus, the method of basis function expansion with ABIC would serve as an effective tool for estimating strain-rate fields from GNSS data.
What are the main determinants of diffusion speed between academic research and industrial application? Evidence from four major clean-energy technologies
Authors: Probst Benedict , Anadón Laura Díaz , Kontoleon Andreas
Published: March 2021

Recent evidence suggests a slowdown of economic productivity in major Western and Asian economies. One of the most convincing causes is the slowdown in research productivity in key sectors of the economy, such as low-carbon technologies. The latter trend is particularly worrying as low-carbon technologies play a critical role in keeping global warming well below the 2°C that the Paris Agreement set. We rely on a novel data science method that connects scientific articles with patented technologies. We extract the scientific publications cited in more than 600,000 clean energy technologies (wind, solar, biomass, li-ion) and investigate what determines the diffusion speed between scientific research and patented technologies. We demonstrate that the higher the quality of the scientific article (measured by citations), the lower the distance between scientists and inventors, and the higher the similarity between the content of the scientific article and the patent, the faster the diffusion between research and application. Yet, we also show that while more dissimilar content takes longer to be used in patents, the eventual impact of the patent is greater, possibly because it is more innovative. Our data also reveals that while distance appears to matter for the speed of knowledge diffusion, patents in the four low-carbon technologies on average rely on 81% of foreign sources of science, as scientific knowledge diffuses widely across the world economy. China and the United States play an outsized role as the source of scientific publications used in clean-technology patents globally. Nevertheless, while research is characterised by global spillovers, the application of such knowledge (in a patent) appears to be dominated by national teams, potentially due to greater local spillovers and secrecy issues.
Rice straw and energy reeds fiber reinforced phenol formaldehyde resin hybrid polymeric composite panels
Authors: Hasan K M Faridul , Horváth Péter György , Bak Miklós , Anh Le Duong Hung , Mucsi Zsuzsanna Mária , Alpár Tibor
Published: March 2021

AbstractHerein, natural fiber (energy reeds and rice straw) reinforced with phenol formaldehyde (PF) polymeric resin hybrid biocomposites are developed and reported in this study. The dimensions of energy reeds and rice straws used for this research were 0.5 to 1.66 mm and 0.1 to 3.55 mm, respectively. The hot-pressing technology was used for manufacturing the biocomposites. The proportions for mixing of rice straw/energy reeds in composite systems were 90/0, 54/36, 36/54, and 0/90, whereas another 10% were PF resin. The nominal densities of the biocomposite panels were 680 kg/m3, however the actual densities were 713.655, 725, 742.79, and 764.49 kg/m3. The main objective of this study is to develop hybrid biocomposites from different proportions of energy reeds and rice straw fibers and to find the convenient ratio and materials for biocomposites production. The obtained results demonstrate that mechanical properties and stability against the moisture increases with the increase of energy reeds loading in the composite systems. However, the biocomposite developed from 100% energy reeds provided the higher mechanical properties compared to 100% rice straw. The mechanical, physical, thermal, and morphological properties of the produced biocomposite materials were investigated. Moreover, the overall thermomechanical performances of the developed biocomposite panels demonstrate a potential and novel materials in the coming times. Furthermore, the coefficient of variation (R2) also demonstrates a positive attributions of energy reed fibers loading inn composite systems.
Gate-Controlled Electron Quantum Interference Logic Devices
Authors: Weinbub Josef , Ballicchia Mauro , Nedjalkov Mihail
Published: March 2021

Recent advances in electron quantum optics show the breathtaking progress in utilizing the electron's wave nature. Inspired by these advances, we propose a new type of electron quantum interference logic device (eQILD), where an electron wave is coherently injected into a two-dimensional (2D) wave guide and controlled via two gates. Interference effects lead to different current levels in output channels and are utilized for classical logic gates. The operating principle is shown by means of dynamic quantum Wigner and classical simulations considering coherent/ballistic transport. Contrary to other advanced information processing approaches no magnetism nor bosonic systems are required. The eQILD is inherently compatible with conventional integrated circuits and thus provides an attractive alternative towards advanced low-power information processing devices with the performance only limited by the single-electron source frequency being in the GHz regime.
A Radiomics nomogram for preoperative predicting recurrence of low grade gliomas based on multiparametric MRI
Authors: Wang Zhenhua , Xiao Xinlan , Zhang Zhaotao , He Keng , Pang Peipei , Hu Feng
Published: March 2021

Objective

To develop a radiomics nomogram to predict the recurrence of Low grade glioma(LGG) after their first surgery;

Methods

A retrospective analysis of pathological, clinical and Magnetic resonance image(MRI) of LGG patients who underwent surgery and had a recurrence between 2017 and 2020 in our hospital was performed. After a rigorous selection,64 patients were eligible and enrolled in the study(22 cases were with recurrent gliomas),which was randomly assigned in a 7:3 ratio to either the training set and validation set; T1WI,T2WI fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery(T2WI-FLAIR) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted(T1CE) sequences, 396 radiomics features were extracted from each image sequence, minimum-redundancy maximum-relevancy(mRMR) alone or combining with univariate logistic analysis were used for features screening, the screened features were performed by multivariate logistic regression analysis and developed a predictive model both in training set and validation set; Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis(DCA) were used to assess the performance of each model.

Results

The radiomics nomogram derived from three MRI sequence yielded an ideal performance than the individual ones, the AUC in the training set and validation set were 0.966 and 0.93 respectively, 95% confidence interval(95%CI) were 0.949-0.99 and 0.905-0.973 respectively; the calibration curves indicated good agreement between the predictive and the actual probability. The DCA demonstrated that a combination of three sequences had more favorable clinical predictive value than single sequence imaging.

Conclusion

Our multiparametric radiomics nomogram could be an efficient and accurate tool for predicting the recurrence of LGG after its first resection.
Multifunctional CuO Nanoparticles with enhanced photocatalytic dye degradation and antibacterial activity
Authors: Dulta Kanika , Ağçeli Gözde Koşarsoy , Chauhan Parveen , Jasrotia Rohit , Chandan Gourav , Chauhan Pankaj Kumar
Published: March 2021

Rhizome extract of Bergenia ciliata was used as a bio-functional reducing material for green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). CuO NPs were characterized using ultra violet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). XRD analysis revealed the monoclinic phase of synthesized CuO NPs with average particle size of 20 nm. Spherical shaped nanoscale CuO particles were observed by EDX and SEM confirming the Cu and O presence in the synthesized nanoparticles. CuO nanoparticles showed antibacterial effects against all bacteria used in the study. The antioxidant effect was measured and IC50 values for ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays were found to be 91.2, 72.4 and 109.0 µg/ mL− 1 respectively. Under sunlight, the CuO NPs reported extraordinary photocatalytic activity against methylene blue and methyl red degradation with efficiencies of 92 and 85 percent, respectively. CuO NPs have excellent potential application for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant and in the development of antibacterial materials and for the first-time effect of these nanoparticles were reported.
Successful treatment of a kidney transplant patient with COVID-19 and late-onset Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Authors: Peng Jing , Ni Ming , Du Dunfeng , Lu Yanjun , Song Juan , Liu Weiyong , Shen Na , Wang Xiong , Zhu Yaowu , Vallance Bruce A , Sun Ziyong , YU HONG B
Published: March 2021

Background: Solid transplant patients are susceptible to Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP). While the vast majority of PJP cases occur within the first 6 months after transplantation, very few PJP cases are seen beyond 1 year post transplantation (late-onset PJP). PJP and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19, caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2) share quite a few common clinical manifestations and imaging findings, making the diagnosis of PJP often underappreciated during the current COVID-19 pandemic. To date, only 1 case of kidney transplantation who developed COVID-19 and late-onset PJP has been reported, but this patient also suffered from many other infections and died from respiratory failure and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. A successful treatment of kidney patients with COVID-19 and late-onset PJP has not been reported.
Case presentation: We present a case of a 55-year-old male kidney transplant patient with COVID-19 who also developed late-onset PJP. He received a combined strategy, including specific anti-pneumocystis therapy, symptomatic supportive therapy, adjusted immunosuppressive therapy, and use of antiviral/antibiotics drugs, ending with a favorable outcome.
Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of prompt and differential diagnosis of PJP in kidney transplant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further studies are required to clarify if kidney transplant patients with COVID-19 could be prone to develop late-onset PJP and how these patients should be treated.
Efficacy and safety of TAS-115, a novel oral multi-kinase inhibitor, in osteosarcoma: an expansion cohort of a Phase I study
Authors: Kawai Akira , Naka Norifumi , Shimomura Akihiko , Takahashi Shunji , Kitano Shigehisa , Imura Yoshinori , Yonemori Kan , Nakatani Fumihiko , Iwata Shintaro , Kobayashi Eisuke , Outani Hidetatsu , Tamiya Hironari , Naito Yoichi , Yamamoto Noboru , Doi Toshihiko
Published: March 2021

BackgroundOsteosarcoma is a rare, primary malignant bone tumour with limited available treatments for advanced or recurrent disease, resulting in a poor prognosis for patients. TAS-115 is a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor under investigation in a Phase I study in patients with solid tumours. We report data of osteosarcoma patients in the expansion cohort of this ongoing study.Patients and methodsAn analysis of this multicentre, open-label study was performed 6 months after the final patient was enrolled, and included patients aged ≥ 15 years, with unresectable or recurrent osteosarcoma, and who had refractory to standard therapy or for whom no standard therapy was available. TAS-115 650 mg/day was orally administered in a 5 days on/2 days off schedule.ResultsA total of 20 patients with osteosarcoma were enrolled. The most common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were neutrophil count decreased (75%), aspartate aminotransferase increased (50%), and platelet count decreased (50%); 85% of patients had grade ≥ 3 ADRs. Long-term disease control (> 1 year) with TAS-115 was achieved in three patients. The best overall response was stable disease (50%); no patient achieved a complete or partial response. Median progression-free survival was 3 months; 4-month and 12-month progression-free rates were 42% and 31%, respectively.ConclusionThe safety and tolerability of TAS-115 and long-term disease stability for patients with unresectable or recurrent osteosarcoma were confirmed in this study, suggesting that TAS-115 is a promising novel therapy for advanced osteosarcoma patients.Trial registration numberJapicCTI-132333 (registered on November 8, 2013)
Factors influencing Research Engagement among Medical students in the United Kingdom (REMED-UK): protocol for a prospective, observational, national, multi-centre questionnaire - study
Authors: Osunronbi Temidayo , Adeboye William , Faluyi David , Sofela Jasmine , Sofela Agbolahan
Published: March 2021

Introduction: There has been a decline in the number of academic clinicians in the UK. Also, there is sex and ethnic inequalities in research opportunities amongst UK clinicians. The decision to get involved in research as a clinician is usually made as a medical student. Hence, this study aims to investigate the factors affecting UK medical students’ involvement in research, and to understand their perceptions of research, motivation for and the barriers to their engagement in research.Methods: This study is a prospective, observational, national, multi-centre study that will utilise an online questionnaire using the QualtricsTM survey tool. Medical students that are at least 18 years old and enrolled in a UK medical school in the 2020/21 academic year are eligible to partake in this study. The following data will be collected: demographic, research experience, research perception, research self-efficacy, motivation, and barriers to engaging in research. The outcome measures are: number of research projects, publications, presentations, and successful grant applications.Conclusion: This study will produce evidence-based reports that will guide UK medical schools and relevant organisations in developing resources and programmes that will increase the number of future academic clinicians and resolve inequalities in research opportunities and engagement amongst future clinicians.
Outcomes of pulpectomy in the primary dentition and age-related morphological changes in the root canal of primary molars: A retrospective study
Authors: Dou Guili , Xia Bin , Zhu Junxia , Wang Dandan , Zhao Yijiao , Sun Zhipeng , Cao Zhanqiang
Published: March 2021

Objectives To investigate the factors influencing primary tooth survival after pulpectomy and to elucidate age-related morphological changes in the root canal of primary molars. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 592 primary anterior teeth and 583 primary molars after pulpectomy. Survival analysis was performed to determine the predictors of pulpectomy failure. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data of the maxillary first primary teeth from 63 children aged 3–8 years were collected, and Spearman’s correlation and binary logistic regression were performed to assess age-related changes in canal morphology. Results Periapical periodontitis, Vitapex® filling, and non-general anesthesia treatment increased the failure risk of anterior primary teeth pulpectomy. Older age at treatment increased the primary molar pulpectomy failure risk. On CBCT analysis, the ratio of canal length to root length for the mesiobuccal (MB), distobuccal (DB), and palatal (P) roots negatively correlated with age (P<0.05). The ratio between the root canal wall area with inner diameter lesser than 0.15 mm and the whole root canal wall area (R.15) at plane D of the MB canals positively correlated with age (P<0.05). The number of discontinuous canals (Ndis) for the MB and DB roots increased with age and the canal area at plane D for MB and P canals negatively correlated with age (P<0.05). Conclusions Older age at treatment for primary molar pulpectomy and periapical lesions, non-general anesthesia treatment, and Vitapex® filling for anterior primary teeth pulpectomy may predict a higher failure risk. Age-related morphological changes in the primary molar root canal were evident and could be a reason for treatment failure.
High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behavior measures: Results from the DETECTCoV-19 cohort.
Authors: Lalwani Pritesh , Araujo-Castillo Roger , Ganoza Christian , Salgado Barbara , Filho Ivanildo Pereira , Silva Danielle , Morais Thiago , Jordão Maele , Ortiz Jessica , Barbosa Aguyda , Sobrinho Wlademir Salgado , Cordeiro Isabelle , Neto Júlio Souza , Assunção Enedina , Costa Cristiano da , Souza Pedro , Albuquerque Bernardino , Astofi-Filho Spartaco , Lalwani Jaila
Published: March 2021

We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG seroconversion rates from a population-based cohort in Manaus, between August and November 2020, before the COVID-19 second wave in Brazil. Among seronegative and uninfected participants, we observed an overall incidence of 13.06% (95%CI, 11.52-14.79) and 6.78% (95%CI, 5.61-8.10) for symptomatic seroconversion. Risk factors for seroconversion were: having a COVID-19 case in the household, not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote work. We observed an intense infection transmission period that preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus, and identified several modifiable behaviors that increased the risk of seroconversion.
Regional trends and associated factors of childhood visual impairment: a case study in Shandong province, China
Authors: Han Lizhen , Jia Jinzhu , Wang Lu
Published: March 2021

Background: We analyze regional factors and spatial distribution of children's visual impairment in Shandong province, to explore the spatial changes brought by time and their influencing factors, so as to provide scientific basis for prevention of childhood visual impairment.Methods: This study covers five complete cross-sectional surveys from 2013-2017, involving about 29.24 million students. Spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis methods were used to analyze spatial features. The associated factors were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression.Results: The visual impairment prevalence showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing from 2013-2017, with slight changes. In terms of regional spatial differences, Weihai and Yantai have the highest VI rates in all years, and there was a large-scale spatial aggregation phenomenon. The southern low-value clusters, however, showed a weakening year by year. Further exploration revealed that economic factors and number of full-time teachers were verified as risk factors for regional visual impairment levels.Conclusions: The slight rebound of the prevalence of visual impairment and the high rate in the eastern and northern regions of Shandong province need more attention. It is suggested that relevant departments should focus on the influence of regional economic and educational factors when formulating relevant strategies.
Insulin Increases Central Aortic Stiffness in Response To Hyperglycemia in Healthy Humans: A Randomized Four-Way Crossover Study
Authors: Horton William B , Jahn Linda A , Hartline Lee M , Aylor Kevin W , Barrett Eugene J
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Increasing arterial stiffness is a feature of vascular aging that is accelerated by conditions that enhance cardiovascular risk, including diabetes mellitus. Multiple studies demonstrate divergence of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and augmentation index in persons with diabetes mellitus, though mechanisms responsible for this are unclear.Materials and Methods: We tested the effect of acutely and independently increasing plasma glucose, plasma insulin, or both on hemodynamic function and markers of arterial stiffness (including carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, forward and backward wave reflection amplitude, and wave reflection magnitude) in a four-arm, randomized study of healthy young adults.Results: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity increased only during hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia (+0.36 m/s; p=0.032), while other markers of arterial stiffness did not change (all p>0.05). Heart rate (+3.62 bpm; p=0.009), mean arterial pressure (+4.14 mmHg; p=0.033), central diastolic blood pressure (+4.16 mmHg; p=0.038), and peripheral diastolic blood pressure (+4.09 mmHg; p=0.044) also significantly increased during hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia.Conclusions: We conclude that the acute combination of moderate hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia preferentially stiffens central elastic arteries. This effect may be due to increased sympathetic activity. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03520569; registered 9 May 2018).
NAF: um projeto de extensão que contribui para o desenvolvimento de estudantes, sociedade e instituições públicas
Authors: GOMES Geysa Gabriela Pinheiro , MORAIS Hugo Azevedo Rangel de Morais , MONTEIRO Ricardo Aladim
Published: March 2021

O “Núcleo de Apoio Contábil e Fiscal da UFCA” é um projeto de extensão criado em 2019. O objetivo desse relato é descrever as atividades desenvolvidas pelo projeto de extensão NAF. Inicialmente, foram realizados treinamentos ofertados pela Receita Federal, SEFAZ-CE e pelo professor orientador para a capacitação dos discentes. Também realizou-se reuniões para a organização do projeto. Logo após, começaram os atendimentos para a sociedade. Percebeu-se que houve bastante participação dos alunos, aumento de suas relações interpessoais e melhoria na comunicação. Assim, identificou-se que o projeto é de grande relevância para todos os envolvidos.
Táplálkozási ajánlások fejlődése, gyakorlati használatának lehetőségei
Authors: Németh Boglárka , Fritz Péter
Published: March 2021

Bevezetés: Az egészséges táplálkozással kapcsolatos egészségfejlesztő munkában a táplálkozási ajánlások ismertetéséhez a szakemberek különböző edukációs eszközök bevonását alkalmazhatják. Megbeszélés: A táplálkozási ajánlások nagymértékű fejlődésen mentek keresztül a világon és Magyarországon is egyaránt. Áttekinthető, hogyan alakult ki az első amerikai ajánlás már 1894-ben, és milyen úton érte el a mai MyPlate formáját. Magyarországon is sokféle illusztrációs eszköz közölte a legfontosabb táplálkozási ajánlásokat, mint például a szivárvány, a piramis vagy a házikó, amelyektől elérünk a legfrissebb, máig használatos okostányérig. Az ajánlások által a táplálkozástudományi szakembereknek további útmutatásokat tehetnek, egészségfejlesztési folyamatokat végezhetnek, mely révén javíthatják a lakosság egészségi állapotát. Következtetések: A tanegységek, szakos oktatások, illetve tanárképzések bevonásával nem csak az oktatás színvonalát lehetne fejleszteni, hanem a társadalmuk egészségének állapotán is.
European Deposit Insurance Scheme implementation: pros and cons
Authors: Kuznichenko Polina , Frolov Serhiy , Orlov Volodymyr , Boiko Oleksii
Published: March 2021

The creation of deposit insurance systems in world practice has become a tool for solving problems of maintaining the stability of banking systems, increasing customer confidence in banks and other credit institutions, and preventing cases of mass withdrawal of deposits during economic crises. The paper aims to examine why such an important pillar of the banking union as the European Deposit Insurance Scheme (EDIS) has not yet been implemented. The deadlock in the EDIS negotiations is unprecedented, and the likelihood that the agreement towards this pillar will be reached is rather low. The main reason for its blocking is the existing differences of interests between the main actors, and as a consequence, it makes the progress towards the completion of this process impossible. This study attempts to structure these interests, and it seems that the necessary tool to help bring them together is the concept of moral hazard. The results obtained confirmed the hypothesis that the main barrier for EDIS introduction is the severe difference of interest between countries that can be potentially major contributors and those that hope to benefit from that. Moreover, one of the arguments for such a delay is that cross-border subsidization leads to the problem when the country with better economic indicators pays for the debts of weaker economies as the costs should be socialized.
Ahmed valve implantation results in children with uveitic glaucoma
Authors: Katargina L. A. , Denisova E. V. , Bahaaeddin I. N. A. , Khrabrova M. A.
Published: March 2021

The purposeis to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Ahmed valve implantation in children with refractory postuveitic glaucoma (PUG).

Material and methods. Ahmed valve was implanted to 10 children aged 7 to 17 years (10 eyes) with open-angle or mixed PUG uncompensated even by a maximum antihypertensive mode. Previously, all patients had undergone an average of 2.1 ± 0.9 surgeries aimed at normalizing the intraocular pressure (IOP) (predominantly, sinus trabeculectomy). 6 eyes were pseudophakic, 2 phakic, 2 aphakic. Ahmed valves were implanted according to the generally accepted technique. At the time of surgery IOP was 30.50 ± 4.35 mm Hg on average. The follow-up postsurgical period ranged from 3.9 to 23.6 months (averagely, 14.1 ± 6.5).

Results.A stable hypotensive effect of the intervention was achieved in 90 % of cases, of which 3 patients had no hypotensives while 6 patients received hypotensive drugs even though their quantity was significantly smaller than before surgery (1.7 ± 1.49, p=0.028). At the end of the follow-up the average IOP was 18.1 ± 5.34 mm Hg, (significantly lower than before surgery, p = 0.008). During surgery, 1 patient experienced bleeding from the vessels of the anterior chamber angle after paracentesis, which was stopped by tamponade with sterile air. In other cases, the surgery as well as the immediate and distant postoperative period showed no complications.

Conclusion.Ahmed valve implantation is an effective and safe method of the surgical treatment of refractory PUG in children and can be recommended in cases when previous antiglaucomatous operations proved ineffective, including patients with pseudophakia and aphakia.
Explantation of domestic models of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses in the development of subcapsular cataract in higly myopic patients: clinical features
Authors: Sorokoletov G. V. , Tumanyan E. R. , Bessarabov A. N. , Soboleva M. A.
Published: March 2021

To date, the operation of choice in young patients with high myopia, is the implantation of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses (PIOL), provided that there are contraindications to keratorefractive interventions, However, in the late postoperative period, cataracts may occur, which requires the development of surgical tactics for lens explantation with simultaneous phacoemulsification of cataract (FEC) implementation.

The purpose is to develop and analyze a method for removing a PIOL through a 2 mm corneal incision in subcapsular cataract cases.

Material and methods. Posterior chamber domestic models of PIOL type RSK-1(3) and RSK-3 in 22 patients (37 eyes), implanted in the S.N. FEDOROV “EYE MICROSURGERY” clinic in 1994 – 2001 had to be removed due to the development of secondary cataracts. PIOL stayed in the eye 2 to 26 years (averagely 14.30 ± 1.30 yrs). In all cases, the P IOL was removed followed by FEC with implantation of a posterior chamber IOL. The optical power of the IOL was calculated mainly in such a way that the residual myopic refraction was 2.0–3.0 D.

Results. The intraoperative condition of the anterior chamber was stable, the volume of irrigation fluid consumed was within 90–120 ml. No complications were detected in the early and late postoperative periods. The results of dynamic ophthalmological follow up of patients showed that visual acuity without correction and with correction after surgery averaged 0.2 ± 0.1 and 0.60 ± 0.15, respectively.

Conclusion. The proposed method of explantation of domestic lenses of S.N. FEDOROV NMRC MNTK “EYE MICROSURGERY” shows that it enables a safe, simple removal of PIOL in the event of secondary subcapsular cataract, which allows achieving high clinical and functional results without overspending the irrigation solution.
Ophthalmological aspects of coronavirus infections
Authors: Neroev V. V. , Kiseleva T. N. , Eliseeva E. K.
Published: March 2021

The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CоV-2 virus, may lead to ocular diseases besides affecting the respiratory system. Cororonavirus infection may be transmitted not only through the respiratory system but also through the conjunctiva. The review article summarizes the data on the origin and variants of coronaviruses that infect humans, as well as on SARS-CоV-2 structures. Literature data on prospects of molecular diagnostics of the disease, coronavirus type detection methods, clinical sample types and duration of the disease before it is diagnosed are discussed. The data on the relationship between the coronavirus infection and conjunctivitis are given. Molecular tests of the tear and conjunctival swabs were used to diagnose the coronavirus infection independently of whether symptoms of ocular disorders were present. The real-time reverse-transcription of RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was the most informative method for diagnosis of SARS-CоV-2 in the early stage of COVID-19 (until the 9th day). The presence of SARS-CоV-2 in the tear fluid and conjunctival swabs indicates the need for safety measures to prevent virus transmission through the ocular surface, including protective goggles to be worn by healthcare workers. Since side effects in the eye may appear, COVID-19 patients with visual impairment who received etiotropic or pathogenetic treatment are advised to consult an ophthalmologist.
Research of effects of plant preparation with integrated action in cough therapy in school children
Authors: Rashitova Elina L. , Zakirova Alfiia M. , Moroz Tatyana B. , Shayapova Dilyara T. S , Kadriev Albert G. , Kadriev Amir G.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Cough accompanies an acute infectious process in the respiratory tract. The article focuses on the symptomatic treatment of cough using a modern herbal preparation with complex action and standard therapy.

Goal. To study the effects of a herbal preparation with complex action in the treatment of cough in children.

Materials and methods. The study included 72 patients of both sexes (mean age 14.6 ± 2.3 years) with a symptom of unproductive/unproductive cough, against the background of acute bronchitis or community-acquired pneumonia.

Results and discussion. When using a herbal preparation with complex action was used in ¾ of the children, cough decreased by the 3rd day and in most patients it stopped by the 10 th day. The severity of daytime and nighttime coughs decreased by 3.0–3.5 points, the number of seizures decreased to 2–4 per day, the duration of seizures also decreased significantly, the median of this indicator in the main group reached 0 points. In both groups, the proportion of patients with seizure frequency of no more than 4 per day increased. While taking a herbal preparation, a more pronounced decrease in all indicators of cough by 3.5 times was noted throughout the treatment, and the corresponding effects developed 3 days ahead of time against the background of a full course of therapy. The average value of the efficacy and safety assessment given by the medical researchers to the action of the herbal preparation with complex action was 3.6 points. Analysis of objective and subjective data based on the results of evaluating case histories and individually developed questionnaires for patients on drug tolerance showed equivalence in terms of excellent and good results. Against the background of the full course of treatment with the herbal preparation, a 1.8 times more pronounced decrease in the characteristics of the cough syndrome was noted.

Conclusion. The drug has shown high efficacy and safety, which makes it possible to recommend it as a symptomatic therapy for cough in school-age children as part of a combination or monotherapy.
Management of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children. Focus on restoring intestinal microenvironment and motility
Authors: Ipatov Andrey A. , Ipatova Maria G.
Published: March 2021

Functional gastrointestinal disorders in children are one of the most common reasons why parents visit a pediatrician. Functional gastrointestinal disorders include various persistent combinations of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms in the absence of any organic pathology in the gastrointestinal tract (structural abnormalities, inflammatory changes, infections, or tumours) and metabolic disturbances. The article presents details on the mechanisms of development, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria and approaches to the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Clinical manifestations of functional gastrointestinal disorders vary depending on age and characteristics of physical and intellectual development. In more than half of children, they are observed in various combinations, less often as one isolated symptom. The drug therapy should consider the main components of pathogenesis and facilitate the solution of the following issues: improvement of digestion; restoration of intestinal microenvironment and motility; reduction of visceral hypersensitivity. Special attention is paid to the management of motor disorders and restoration of intestinal microenvironment using symbiotics. When choosing a supplement, it is advisable to focus on the composition of probiotic strains, which should comply with the WGO global guidelines (Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, etc.).

Prescription of peripheral δ-, μ- и κ-receptor agonists – trimebutine and pre- and probiotics combinations to children with functional gastrointestinal disorders results in decreased signs of functional disorders of the digestive tract. By acting on the enkephalinergic system, trimebutine regulates the bowel activity, improves motility, and reduces visceral hypersensitivity. Trimebutine is included in the Russian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of functional disorders of the digestive tract in children, as well as in the clinical guidelines for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, and functional abdominal pain.
Pancreatic lesion in children with nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Bekmurzaeva Gulfizat B. , Osmanov Ismail M.
Published: March 2021

Nephrotic syndrome occupies one of the leading places among kidney diseases in children. Scientific studies indicate that edema syndrome, arterial hypertension, disorders on the microcirculatory level occurring in case of nephrotic syndrome contribute to the slowing and reduction of blood flow in the pancreas, which leads to the development of hypoxia and metabolic disorders. Under conditions of metabolic and microcirculatory disorders, as well as against the background of the therapy used in children with nephrotic syndrome the risk of secondary pancreas lesion increases significantly. Pathogenetic treatment of nephrotic syndrome involves the administration of glucocorticosteroid and cytostatic therapy. The study of autopsy materials of the pancreas in children who died of glomerulonephritis revealed histomorphological changes in 35.7% of children in the form of acute interstitial pancreatitis and pancreonecrosis. At the same time there are still few works in the scientific literature, devoted to the study of functional state of the pancreas in children with kidney diseases. The data on pancreatitis prevalence in children are extremely inconsistent. Significant variation in the frequency of pancreatic lesion in children (from 5 to 25%) is most often associated with diagnostic difficulties. Ultrasound examination after a meal (postprandial test) allows to diagnose pancreatic pathology (indirect signs of chronic pancreatitis, reactive pancreatic changes) with higher accuracy (by 23%) than traditional examination. Late diagnosis of pancreatic lesion and lack of correction can significantly affect patients’ health and quality of life. There is a need to study functional state of pancreas in children with nephrotic syndrome to improve understanding of pathogenesis of possible involvement in pathological process and optimization of preventive and therapeutic tactics.
Choice of paediatric medical nutrition in intestinal infections
Authors: Gorelov Aleksandr V. , Petrov Vladimir A. , Rodionova Nadezda V.
Published: March 2021

Acute intestinal infections are the most common cause of a diarrheal syndrome at an early age and represent a great challenge in paediatrics. Over one billion people suffer from acute infectious diarrhoea worldwide every year, of which 65–70% are children under 5 years of age. Along with pharmaceutical (etiotropic and pathogenetic) therapy, nutritional therapy is the most important part of the treatment of children suffering from acute intestinal infections, as the unbalanced and improperly selected nutrition may cause development of a long-lasting diarrheal syndrome resulting in a weight loss, lactase deficiency and some other unfavourable conditions. It is obvious that the issue of adequate nutrition becomes important in case of intestinal infections in children, as it should be easily digested and assimilated, replenishing energy and microbiocenotic losses. An early return to a normal nutrition ration helps reduce duration of the disease, speed up recovery in both functional and anatomical aspects. Today, there is a sufficiently large selection of products in the paediatric practice, which contribute, to one degree or another, to a balanced nutrition of children in the acute stage of the disease. Probiotic products hold a most unique position among these products. The article pays special attention to the baby foods produced by the Russian manufacturer, which is the leader in the Russian paediatric nutrition market and has been producing natural and healthy products for babies for about 30 years. The product line of this manufacturer includes a wide range of probiotic and functional products for patients of older age groups for the management of microbiota dysbiosis in acute intestinal infections.
Modern approaches to the prevention and rehydration therapy of antibiotic-associated diarrhea affected by ARI in children
Authors: Kanner Ekaterina V. , Gorelov Aleksandr V. , Maksimov Maksim L. , Kanner Ilya D. , Lapkin Nikita M.
Published: March 2021

The use of antibiotic drugs (ABDs) has significantly reduced the number of severe bacterial infectious diseases and mortality in children, especially in infants. But the widespread and unnecessary use of ABDs, including reserve antibiotics (the use of carbapenems increased by 45%, polymyxins  – by 13%), to treat uncomplicated acute respiratory infections is open to many hazards, such as increased antibiotic resistance of pathogens. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea is one of the common complications of antibiotic therapy. According to various authors, the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea is 6–80% among patients treated with antibiotics, on average 35% of patients (approximately every third patient) receiving antibiotics report symptoms of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Disruptive changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the intestinal microbiota are accompanied by a decrease in the protective functions of the intestinal mucosa and contribute to the growth of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms (Clostridium spp., Candida spp., Salmonella spp., Staphyloccus aureus). The findings of most studies obtained on a large sample of paediatric population, as well as the clinical guidelines of the World Association of Gastroenterologists recommend the use of L. rhamnosus GGprobiotic strain (level of evidence 1) to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children. L. rhamnosus GGpresents chromosomal resistance to a range of antibiotics, which varies with species and strain. They do not contain plasmid DNA, which is dangerous for the spread of antibiotic resistance among other bacteria, which enables their wide therapeutic and prophylactic use. Clinical case studies of the course of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children are presented to demonstrate the variability of clinical symptoms. Fever in children with ARI, particularly in tender-age infants, requires special attention from parents and doctors, as its main risk lies with a dehydration due to significant water loss during breathing, and especially increased sweating (including sweating induced by antipyretics). Therefore, oral rehydration therapy is an important method for treating infectious diseases in children. Complications that develop in patients, especially in children, after administration of antibiotics, diseases that can lead to water and electrolyte imbalance are life-threatening conditions that require immediate medical attention. Correction of water and electrolyte balance, timely restoration of intestinal microflora improve prognosis in such patients and promote faster recovery.