bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of dynamical scenarios leading to particularly high impact of Aeolus on NWP forecasts
Authors: Martin Anne , Weissmann Martin , Cress Alexander
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Global wind profiles from the Aeolus satellite mission provide an important source of wind information for Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP). Data assimilation experiments show large mean changes in the analysis and a significant reduction of forecast errors. At Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), an Observing Systems Experiment (OSE) for three months, from July 2020 to October 2020, has been performed to evaluate the impact of the Aeolus horizontal line-of-sight (HLOS) wind observations in the operational data assimilation system of the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) global model. To better understand the underlying dynamics leading to the overall beneficial impact, specific time periods and regions with particularly high impact of Aeolus are investigated. In this study, we illustrate three examples of atmospheric phenomena that constitute dynamical scenarios for significant forecast error reduction through the assimilation of Aeolus: The phase shift of large-scale tropical circulation systems, namely the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the interaction of tropical cyclones undergoing extratropical transition (ET) with the midlatitude waveguide.
A random forest model to assess snow instability from simulated snow stratigraphy
Authors: Mayer Stephanie , van Herwijnen Alec , Techel Frank , Schweizer Jürg
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Modeled snow stratigraphy and instability data are a promising source of information for avalanche forecasting. While instability indices describing
the mechanical processes of dry-snow avalanche release have been implemented into snow cover models, there exists no readily applicable method that
combines these metrics to predict snow instability. We therefore trained a random forest (RF) classification model to assess snow instability from
snow stratigraphy simulated with SNOWPACK. To do so, we manually compared 742 snow profiles observed in the Swiss Alps with their simulated
counterparts and selected the simulated weak layer corresponding to the observed rutschblock failure layer. We then used the observed stability test
result and an estimate of the local avalanche danger to construct a binary target variable (stable vs. unstable) and considered 34 features
describing the simulated weak layer and the overlying slab as potential explanatory variables. The final RF classifier aggregates six of these
features into the output probability Punstable, corresponding to the mean vote of an ensemble of 400 classification trees. Although the
subset of training data only consisted of 146 profiles labeled as either unstable or stable, the model classified profiles from an independent
validation data set (N=121) with high reliability (accuracy 88 %, precision 96 %, recall 85 %) using manually predefined weak
layers. Model performance was even higher (accuracy 93 %, precision 96 %, recall 92 %), when the weakest layers of the profiles were
identified with the maximum of Punstable. Finally, we compared model predictions to observed avalanche activity in the region of Davos for
five winter seasons. Of the 252 avalanche days (345 non-avalanche days), 69 % (75 %) were classified correctly. Overall, the results of our
RF classification are very encouraging, suggesting it could be of great value for operational avalanche forecasting.
POLITICAL ACTIVITIES OF SARZHAN KASYMULY IN THE NATIONAL LIBERATION UPRISES OF THE KAZAKH PEOPLE IN 1825-1836.
Authors:   Ankara University, Republic of Turkey, Ankara, OLZHAS K.
Published: November 2022

This article describes the life and political activities of Sarzhan Kasymuly in the national liberation upraises of the Kazakh people in 1825-1836. The full event of that century is studied which is disclosed in detail by archival data. Also in this article, are held a scientific analysis on the political and social relations of sultan Sarzhan Kasumuly with the Pro-Russian Kazakh sultans and feudal based on historical archival documents. The relevance of the research problem lies in the fact that the study of the political life of Sarzhan Kasymuly according to the archival data of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan is a very important scientific topic for a thorough study of the impetus of a massive national uprising of the Kazakh people at the head of the sultans and batyrs, as well as about the unknown pages of the life and activities of Kazakh soldiers. In the socio-political life of the Kazakh people, the essence of such batyrs (knight, heroes) as Sarzhan Kasymuly played an important role in the fateful decisions of the military nomadic people. The structural formation of the heroes’ institution shows an accurate picture of the life and activities of the Kazakh people during the period of endless wars and the beginning of full colonization by the Russian Empire. The Kazakh land is rich in heroes (batyrs) like sultan Sarzhan Kasymuly who, despite the weak technical equipment of his wards, managed to fight against the tsarist colonial system, and wanted to restore the khan’s power of the famous ruler of the Kazakh people and his grandfather Khan Ablai. Undoubtedly, scientific work based on these and other historical archival data will make a significant contribution to the detailed study of the institution of the heroes of the Kazakh people.
FORMATION OF PERSONNEL IN SOVIET KAZAKHSTAN: STYLE OF ZHUMABAI SHAYAKHMETOV
Authors:   Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Kapayeva A.T. , Kasymova D.B. ,   Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: November 2022

Personnel policy in Soviet Kazakhstan was an integral part of the process of building the state and people. Several periods or stages of the formation of the state apparatus should be distinguished.The first stage is associated with the inclusion and promotion of representatives of the Bolsheviks’ supporters from the Kazakh lower classes into the Soviet structures, the involvement of former Alashorda residents and representatives of the upper circles of the Kazakh traditional society who joined the Soviet power, who were cleaned up during the Goloshchekino “Small October” by the early 1930s.By the second stage, which began in 1938 during the subsequent purges and the Great Terror, most of the state apparatus and party ranks were repressed. The third stage in the formation of the composition of the state-administrative and party ranks falls on the late 1930s and 1940s. This period is largely associated with the activities of Zhumabay Shayakhmetov consistently at the posts of the third, second and first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of the Kazakh SSR.Zhumabay Shayakhmetov is the first Kazakh to lead the republic after numerous legionnaires of Moscow: Goloshchekin, Mirzoyan, Skvortsov, Borkov. Shayakhmetov Zh. Opened the way for national cadres to all echelons of power in Kazakhstan, as well as leaders of different levels in science, culture, and the national economy. Shayakhmetov stood out for his authority, business qualities, was demanding of himself and those around him.You can not consider any person outside the time in which he lived and worked. Zh. Shayakhmetov is the son of his time.
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY: UNSTUDIED FACTS
Authors:   Halel Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University. Kazakhstan, Atyrau, Аkkali A.
Published: November 2022

This article tells about the history of the creation of the Guryev Teachers’ Institute since the 40s of the twentieth century, about the composition of the teaching staff and students, about the material and technical base of the Institute, about the lives of the first director of the A.B. Tursynbaev Institute about record keeping, annual academic, statistical reports of the first created institute, the library, about the student dormitory, about the progress of students during the session based on data from the funds of the Atyrau regional state Archive, The Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is also noted that in 1940-1941, in the Fund of the Atyrau City State Archive on the pages of the regional newspapers “Caspian Commune” (1940) and “Socialist Construction” (1941), advertisements were presented on the topic: «Guryev State Teaching Institute by the 1941-42 academic year will accept students for the first year of the faculties of history, language and literature (Russian, Kazakh departments)», «Guryev State Teaching Institute announces the recruitment of students for the 1941-1942 academic year». These data in the article differ in that they are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time through historical documents of the Archival Fund.
HOLY AND HISTORICAL PLACES OF THE KAZAKH IN TAJIKISTAN (BY THE MATERIALS OF THE ETHNOGRAPHIC EXPEDITION)
Authors:   Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of history and ethnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Toqtabay A.U.
Published: November 2022

The article analyzes the materials collected during the field ethnographic expedition organized in 2021 to study the sacred places of the Kazakhs in the Republic of Tajikistan. Based on the data collected during the expedition, 17 holy places were identified and included in the list in the regions of the Khatlon region of Tajikistan. Also, the expedition conducted a survey of local residents, and collected legends and traditions. When studying the monuments of Tajikistan, the birthplace of Muhammad Haidar Dulati - the city of Uratyube (Usurshana), the place of death of his grandfather Mahmud Sultan along with his children - the coast of the Khujand River were investigated. In addition, many sacred places have been identified, Kazakh cemeteries such as Kazakh mazar, Tashrabad, former Kazakh winter quarters,Tereklik ata, Kazakh cemetery Tameke mazar, Ak aulie, Mollaman winter hut, madrasah abdіқadir aulie, Shahidon cemetery (cemetery of martyrs). Also, the activities of one of the members of the government of Soviet Tajikistan, the first commissar of internal affairs, Abdulla Zharmukhamedov, were carefullystudied, written sources and photographs were found, studied and analyzed. The chronological framework of sacred objects and historical places of the Kazakh people in this country covers from the Middle Ages to the present day.
DECEMBER UPRISING OF 1986 IN ALMA-ATA
Authors:   Ch.Ch. Valikhanov institute of history and ethnology, Borbasov S.M.
Published: November 2022

The December uprising was one of the first actions against the totalitarian Soviet system and imperial Communist ideology. The decisive actions of the Kazakh youth had a serious impact on the awakening of the national consciousness of other peoples of the Soviet Union, opened the way for the nationalindependence of the Soviet peoples. The Kazakh people began to realize that only the creation of an independent state would ensure the realization of its national interests. The heroism, selflessness and steadfastness of the participants in the uprising became an example for the population of the entire Republic to follow. None of the participants in the December uprising expressed regret or asked for mercy from the authorities, although they were beaten and repressed by special detachments and state security agencies.The truth about the December uprising has reached the world community. The world community unanimously condemned the violent and repressive policy of the leadership of the CPSU. Itsupported the actions of Kazakh youth for national values. After the December uprising, the processes of national and ethno-political identification of the Kazakh people noticeably intensified. Measures to develop the language, history, humanistic traditions and spiritual values of the autochthonous Kazakh people have noticeably intensified. At the same time, inter-ethnic conflicts in the multi-confessional and multi-ethnic Kazakh society did not intensify. The traditional friendship and interethnic harmony of the people of Kazakhstan has been preserved. During theseyears, approximately 40% of the population of the republic were Kazakhs. Large diasporas of Russians, Ukrainians, Uzbeks, Uighurs were sympathetic to the demands of the Kazakh people in the field of the spiritual sphere. The December uprising laid the foundation for the formation of an independent Kazakh state.
SEARCH HISTORY «KHAN MOLASY» INSARAISHYK
Authors:   State historical and cultural museum-reserve «Saraishyk», Atyrau, Kazakhstan, Muktar A. , Turaruly A. ,   State historical and cultural museum-reserve «Saraishyk», Atyrau, Kazakhstan, Zhumabaev A. ,   State historical and cultural museum-reserve «Saraishyk», Atyrau, Kazakhstan
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the search for the place of «Khan molasy» in the territory of a medieval settlement in the village of Saraishyk, Makhambet district, Atyrau region and its results. The first real documentary about the burial of a historical figure Kasym Khan in Saraishyk was given by Kadyrgali Zhalayiri in his work. In his work «collection of Chronicles» of 1602, he wrote about Kasym Khan: «he finally died in Saraishyk. These days, his grave in Saraishyk». Kadyrgali biy's work was recognized in the scientific community without controversy. The burial of Kasym Khan in Saraishyk was carried out by the Russian explorer of the XIX century V.V. Velyaminov-Zernov and the Soviet historian A. P. Chuloshnikov. Mukhamedzhan Tynyshpayev wrote about Kasym Khan: «on Kyrgyz legends, he was buried in Saraishyk». It is a historical fact that Kasym Khan, the powerful ruler of the Kazakh Khanate, was buried in Saraishyk. In recent years, research has been carried out in the mausoleum of Jochi Khan, as well as the search for the remains of Zhanibek Khan. In connection with this work, summarizing historical data and opinions, archaeologists of the Saraishyk museum-reserve began to search for the place of «Khan molasy» in 2020.
NEW APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF ELITE BURIAL GROUNDS OF THE SAKA ERA OF SARYARKA
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan, Khabdulina M.K. , Gaisa A.M. ,   K.A. Akishev Research Institute of Archaeology, Astana, Kazakhstan
Published: November 2022

The multifunctional cultural landscape, the concentration of large burial mounds in a small area of the Ishim River were important places to research BaubekBatyr burial and used pre-excavation research methods. In 2021, a detachment of the K.A. Akishev Research Institute of Archaeology researched layout and structures of two mounds No.1 and 3. The goal of the research was to learn the principles of the arrangement of the spatial structure of the elite burial ground of the Saka era as a multi-component, unfolded in time, ensemble of funerary and memorial architecture. As a result, we were able to learn new details that the mound is not only an architectural monument, but also it is an object with complex ritual symbols.
POLITICALANDLEGALTRADITIONS OF KAZAKHS IN XV-XVIII CENTURIES
Authors:   Kazakhstan branch of MSU named after LomonosovM.V.,Kazakhstan, Astana, Orazbayeva A.I.
Published: November 2022

Political and legal traditions of Kazakhs in XV-XVIII centuries constituted an integral continuity of all the preceding eras, regardless of substantial differences in terms of structural transformation of civil power and the systemic social reorganisation according to the statehood formula –society –personality. Therefore, within study of the problems of legal traditions and political and legal culture of traditional Kazakh society should be noted essential layers of historical practiceof state formation on the territory of Kazakhstan, as well as the stages of lengthy processes starting from institutionalisation, then legitimisation and functionalisation, that include such very significant protestant-political and ethno-mental categories such as: perception of the state and its functions; authority in the Kazakh Khanate and its specificity; form of government and components of state power; methods and mechanisms for the implementation of state power; political and territorial organisation of state power; structure and specifics of political system; concept and tradition of legal recognition in Kazakh society.
HISTORICAL HERITAGE OF MASHKHUR ZHUSIP
Authors:   «Toraighyrov University» NJSC, Sadykov E.T. , Zhusupov N.K. ,   «Toraighyrov University» NJSC, Tokmukhamedov S.Y. ,   TS Consalting LLP
Published: November 2022

Mashkhur Zhusip Kopeyuly is a poet born in the era of historical socio-economic and socio-political transformations. He made a huge contribution to the formation, development and expansion of the artistic space of Kazakh written literature. The relevance of the idea of the younger generation about the cultural and literary heritage and the personality of the folklorist, who reliably described the socio-political state of Kazakh society, who managed to capture the breath of the era, is undeniable.The scientific problems of the article are related to the study of the cultural and literary heritage of Mashkhur Zhusip in the context of the program “Rukhani Zhangyru”. Methods of scientific research used: collective method (collection of scientific facts, scientific information), interpretation, description, conceptual analysis, comparative analysis method, etc.Systematization of the heritage of Mashkhur Zhusip and its study are promising areas of research of the Kazakh national cultural code. The proof of this is the publication of 20 volumes of works by Kazakh writers and poets collected by Mashkhur Zhusip.Since independence, significant results have been achieved in uncovering “white spots”in art, including fiction. Nevertheless, it is known that not allancient manuscripts are systematized. This is the basis for conducting an additional study of the literary heritage of the past.
ALIKHAN BUKEYKHAN, AKHMET BAITURSYNULY AND THE PHENOMENON OF THE NEWSPAPER «KAZAKH»
Authors:   Research Institute ", Sultan-Khan Z. ,   Alash",   of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Nur-Sultan,Kazakhstan, Kozybayeva M.M. ,   Nur-Sultan branch of the Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology. Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Published: November 2022

In the article, the authors raise the question of the influence of Alikhan Bukeizkhan and Ahmet Baitursynuly on the formation of the newspaper "Kazakh" as an important public and political body. The first national newspaper "Kazakh", published in Orynbor for 5 years under the editorship of Akhmet Baitursynuly, covered the socio-political issues of the Kazakh region, the internal affairs of the Russian Empire and its international position, education, science, nomadic and settled animal husbandry and agriculture, culture, human rights , the equality of women, turned into a universal periodical covering all areas, and during the years 1913-1918 single-handedly dominated the public opinion of the entire Kazakh steppe. According to researchers, the Kazakh newspaper and the leaders of the Alash movement created a "cultural renaissance" in Kazakh society and laid the foundation for the modern Kazakh state. The indelible historical role and importance of the first national and international newspaper "Kazakh" for the Kazakh people and the modern Kazakh state cannot be overestimated.
Diversity of hemiptera of the infraorder Pentatomomorpha of the Barsakelmes State National Nature Reserve .
Authors:   ҚРБҒМҒК«Зоология институты» РМК, Алматы қ., Қазақстан, Esenbekova P.A. , Berdenkulova A.Zh. ,   Қорқыт Ата татындағы Қызылорда университеті, Қызылорда қ., Қазақстан, Ualikhan N.I. , Aliyeva Zh.G.
Published: November 2022

2020-2021 жылдары Барсакелмес мемлекеттік ұлттық табиғи қорығында жүргізілген зерттеу жұмыстары нəтижесінде Pentatomomorpha инфраотряды жартылай қаттықанаттыларының 5 тұқымдасынан 20 түр анықталды. Бұлардың ішінде түр құрамы жағынан басым тұқымдастар: Pentatomidae (8 түр), Lygaeidae (7 түр), қалған 3 тұқымдастан 1-2 түрден ғана белгілі. Олар тіршілік ортасына байланысты герпетобионт (2 түр), гео-герпетобионт (1 түр), герпето-хортобионт (1 түр), хортобионт (13 түр), дендробионт (3 түр) болып бөлінеді. Қоректік байланысы жағынан өсімдікқоректілерге жатады, олардың өзі полифитофаг, кең олигофитофаг, тар олигофитофаг, монофитофаг болып бөлінеді. Жылына беретін ұрпақ санына қарай 3 топқа бөлінеді: моновольтинді (14 түр), бивольтинді (5 түр), жылына 2-3 рет ұрпақ беретін (1 түр). Экологиялық жағынан мезофилді (3 түр), мезоксерофилді (7 түр), ксерофилді(10 түр) түрлерге жатады. Олардың ішінде 17 түрересек дарасы күйінде, 1 түр ересек дарасы жəне дернəсілі күйінде, 2 түр жұмыртқалары күйінде қыстайды. Қорық аумағындағы Pentatomomorpha жартылай қаттықанаттылары зоогеографиялық таралуы жағынан 11 топқа бөлінеді. Оның ішінде ирантұран таралу аймағында 5 түр (25%), транспалеарктикалық 4 түр (20%), батыспалеарктикалық жəне ортатетийлік 2 түрден (10%-дан), қалған таралу аймақтарынан 1 түрден (5%-дан) белгілі.
STUDY ON THE AWARD OF SERVICE CONTRACTS USING THE FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT
Authors:   Nicolae Balcescu Land Forces Academy Sibiu, Romania, BRINARU Gabriel
Published: November 2022

For the award of a public procurement contract for the purchase of a product, work or service, the contracting authority must follow a sequence of stages, which represents a public procurement process. As a stage of the public procurement process, planning represents the set of activities carried out in public institutions that determine their main objectives, how they are achieved and what resources will be used during the process. Planning the procurement process is crucial. Failure to implement it correctly leads to errors and problems during the process of awarding and implementing the contract. The general objective of the work is to identify and solve the problems that arise during the planning process of public procurement in Romania, by identifying and anticipating directions that lead to the improvement of the entire public procurement system.
Fra samlingsstund til "barnas kommunestyre": Refleksjoner om barns aktive samfunnsdeltakelse
Authors: Kjørholt Anne Trine
Published: November 2022

.
Religions- og livssynsfrihet i den norske grunnskolen
Authors: Lindholm Tore
Published: November 2022

.
Danning eller disiplinering? Barnearbeid i barnevernsinstitusjonen – et historisk perspektiv
Authors: Thuen Harald
Published: November 2022

Med lov om ”forsømte Børns Behandling” av 1896, den såkalte vergerådsloven, ble et offentlig barnevern innført i Norge. Skolehjemmet var et av reformens sentrale institusjonstiltak. Det bygget på de gamle oppdragelsesanstaltene som den filantropiske redningsbevegelsen etablerte på 1800-tallet. Innholdet i oppdragelsesanstaltene og de senere skolehjemmene handlet i stor grad om barnearbeid. Artikkelen viser først hvordan barnearbeidet i utgangspunktet ble begrunnet som en ideell pedagogisk virksomhet for institusjonsbarna. Med skolehjemmet Toftes Gave som eksempel viser artikkelen deretter hvordan dette idealet forfaller i institusjonene utover på 1900-tallet.
Curtin Open Knowledge Initiative
Authors: Wilson Katie , Montgomery Lucy , Neylon Cameron , Huang Chun-Kai (Karl) , Handcock Rebecca N.
Published: November 2022

In the current era of worldwide competition in higher education, universities are caught up in market processes that encourage compliance with the measurement systems applied by world university rankings. Despite questions about the rankings’ methodologies and data sources, universities continue to adopt assessment and evaluation practices that require academic researchers to publish in sources indexed by the major commercial bibliographic databases used by world rankings. Building on a critique of the limited bibliometric measures and underlying assumptions of rankings, the Curtin Open Knowledge Initiative interdisciplinary research project aggregates and analyses scholarly research data including open access output from multiple open sources for more than 20,000 institutions worldwide. To understand who is creating knowledge and how diversity is enacted through the transmission of knowledge we analyse workforce demographic data. In this article, we discuss the project’s rationale, methodologies and examples of data analysis that can enable universities to make independent assessments, ask questions about rankings, and contribute to open knowledge-making and sharing.  Expanding on our presentation to the LIBER Online 2021 Conference, we discuss collaboration with academic libraries and other scholarly communication stakeholders to develop and extend the open knowledge project.
Summary of the role of pyocyanin in the transformation and biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Pragana Luiz Gustavo , Norat Carlos Eduardo Tavares , Dias Diogo Simas Bernardes , Kretzschmar Elisângela Afonso de Moura , Travassos Rafael de Almeida , Vasconcelos Ulrich
Published: November 2022

Pyocyanin is an active redox phenazine of intense blue color and specific to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The synthesis of the molecule confers different benefits to the bacterium. Pyocyanin can control its growth and persistence in environments with high nutritional pressures, forming biofilms. As well, synthesis of pyocyanin enables P. aeruginosa tolerate and uptake highly toxic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), considered the most dangerous compounds among all molecules found in crude oil and petroderivatives. Additionally, pyocyanin increases the bioavailability of PAHs and its metabolites are used to synthetize crucial molecules for the biodegradation of other PAHs. On the other hand, oil hydrocarbons can serve as oxygen vectors during the synthesis of pyocyanin, contributing to the sustainability of the biodegradation process. This review is a compilation of recent advances reported in the literature about the relationship between pyocyanin expression and the hydrocarbonoclastic activity of P. aeruginosa. This characteristic, for the pyocyanin-deficient strains, is important for the degradation of PAHs, a topic that has been unevenly studied.
Fuentes alimenticias del vector de la Enfermedad de Chagas Triatoma dimidiata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) en ambientes domiciliares de la región oriental de El Salvador
Authors: Castillo-Ayala Ana Karla , Carmona-Galindo Víctor D. , Romero-Magaña Andrea , Amaya Jenny , Posada Enrique , Gámez Saúl , Recinos Guillermo , Marín María Fernanda
Published: November 2022

La enfermedad de Chagas es una infección parasitaria causada por el protozoo flagelado Trypanosoma cruzi, transmitida por triatominos hematófagos, y parásito de varias especies de mamíferos reservorios. La enfermedad principalmente se encuentra en las áreas rurales de Latinoamérica y se considera como la infección parasitaria con mayor carga económica en dicha región. Uno de los retos para El Salvador es enriquecer las acciones de control y prevención de la enfermedad de Chagas mediante la identificación de aspectos biológicos y ecológicos de los vectores triatominos que facilitan la transmisión del parásito T. cruzi. Se analizó el ADN intestinal de chinches T. dimidiata mediante la Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR) para identificar entre ratas, ratones, cerdos, aves, perros y humanos las posibles fuentes alimenticias del vector y para detectar infección del vector por el parásito T. cruzi. Se evaluó la distribución de fuentes alimenticias con respecto a la división política administrativa (DPA), sexo del vector, e infección del vector por T. cruzi a través de pruebas de Chi-Cuadrado de 2-factores. Se encontró que las fuentes alimenticias de T. dimidiata cambiaron significativamente con respecto al sexo y la DPA del vector, pero no cambiaron con respecto a la infección del vector por T. cruzi. Se concluyó que la inclusión de variables ecológicos y elementos de biología poblacional en el desarrollo de acciones eficaces del control y prevención de la enfermedad de Chagas pueden aportar significativamente a la eliminación de la infestación domiciliar y la interrupción de la transmisión vectorial de T. cruzi en El Salvador.
Caracterización morfoagronómica de cacao criollo (Theobroma cacao L.) y su incidencia en la selección de germoplasma promisorio en áreas de presencia natural en El Salvador
Authors: López-Hernández Jose Alexander , Ortiz-Mejía Fredy Noe , Parada-Berríos Fidel Angel , Lara-Ascencio Francisco , Vásquez-Osegueda Elías Antonio
Published: November 2022

En El Salvador el cultivo de cacao, se proyecta como un rubro nuevo de producción agrícola tanto en el ámbito nacional como internacional, constituyendo una oportunidad para el desarrollo económico de  productores interesados en este cultivo; por tal motivo se realizó un proceso de prospección de esta especie entre el período de octubre 2013 a junio 2014,  iniciando colectas de frutos y material vegetativo de cacao en áreas de presencia natural de la especie. El objetivo fue identificar in situ árboles de cacao para la caracterización morfoagronómica, utilizando descriptores adaptados al catálogo de cultivares de cacao del  Perú, CATIE y FEDECACAO, se identificaron  zonas donde había presencia de la especie, en los municipios de Caluco, en Sonsonate; el Salitre, Ciudad Delgado y Planes de Renderos, San Salvador; Tenancingo, Cuscatlán; San Pedro Nonualco y Santa María Ostuma, La Paz; Ciudad Victoria, Cabañas y Jucuapa, Usulután. Se caracterizaron 21 árboles; cada uno con sus respectivos atributos cualitativos y cuantitativos como: altura del árbol, forma y tamaño de hojas, frutos, semillas y flores. Cada árbol muestreado, fue georeferenciado, con el fin de ubicarlo y generar el mapa de distribución de los mismos a nivel nacional. Asimismo, en el laboratorio de Química Agrícola de la Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, se realizó análisis bromatológicos a  muestras de frutos, determinando: grasa, proteína, ceniza, hierro, zinc, humedad total, humedad parcial y materia seca. Como resultados de esta investigación, se inició una colección de cacao con atributos sobresalientes, los mayores porcentajes de grasa lo obtuvieron los árboles codificados como: UES-PDP-19, con 56.4%; UES-SPN-7 con 50.67% y UES-SPN-8 con 50.29%; y los mayores porcentajes de proteína se identificaron para las accesiones, UES-SLT-16, con 27.38%; UES-TNG-18, con 23.36%; y UES-SAL-3 con 21.31%; parámetros que son importantes al momento de hacer programas de producción, mejoramiento genético y en la preservación de este germoplasma.
Estrategia metodológica para el diagnóstico de la producción de recursos educativos digitales
Authors: Guardado de Castillo Karina Marisol , Viera-Hernández Lázaro Humberto , Vasco-Capote Jesús Ramón
Published: November 2022

Introducción: En el presente artículo se describe la estrategia metodológica implementada para el diagnóstico del estado inicial de la producción de recursos educativos digitales en la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemática de la Universidad de El Salvador, incluyendo la operacionalización de la variable objeto de investigación. Este estudio se deriva de un proyecto de tesis del programa de Doctorado en Educación de la Facultad Multidisciplinaria de la Universidad de El Salvador, que tiene por objeto de estudio la producción de recursos educativos digitales. Objetivo:estructurar el procedimiento para caracterizar la producción de recursos educativos digitales en la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemática de la Universidad de El Salvador. Metodología: se aplicaron los métodos teóricos analítico-sintético y sistémico-estructural y los métodos empíricos de tipo análisis documental, entrevista, grupo focal, encuesta y observación. Además, se utilizaron métodos estadísticos para la determinación de la población y muestra, y para el análisis de resultados se aplicó la triangulación de datos con una perspectiva predominantemente descriptiva e interpretativa. Resultados: mediante el análisis de las características de las dimensiones e indicadores de la variable objeto de investigación se determinó que esta se encuentra en un nivel de poco logrado, que corresponde con el estado más alejado de lo deseado. Discusión: los resultados confirman la necesidad de contar con un referente teórico-metodológico para dar cobertura a las necesidades pedagógicas, didácticas, metodológicas y organizativas que la variable en estudio demanda, además la estrategia metodológica aplicada tributó en determinar con mayor certeza y objetividad el diagnóstico realizado.
Severity of Anxiety due to the COVID-19 Pandemic among the Students of Africa International University, Karen
Authors:   Africa International University, Mwaura Hellen , Ireri Niceta ,   Africa International University, Omondi Alice ,   Africa International University
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the severity of anxiety due to the COVID-19 pandemic among students studying at the Africa International University, Karen, Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was done within a period of three months. The study was guided by the Ecological Systems theory and the Social Cognitive Theory. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. Participant’s answers were compared to certain variables including prevalence of preventive hygiene measures, depression, severity of anxiety and prevalence of avoidance behavior. A working sample size of 123 was picked from a target population of 1134 students from the Africa International University. Stratified Random Sampling was used to get a sample of 123 students. A structured questionnaire with an internal consistence reliability of α=0.858 was used to collect data from the respondents. In addition to this, the researcher used the Becks Depression Inventory-II and the Beck’s Anxiety Inventory to find out the severity of depression and anxiety respectively. The information obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 23 and information obtained was presented using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found out that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the psychological well-being of college students. More than 60% of the students incorporated behavior changes and adhered to the government directives on preventive hygiene measures (p=0.000). It was also found out that the students suffered from depression 20.10 ± 0.975SD. 28.9% and 23.7% of the students suffered from moderate and severe depression respectively. The student also suffered from anxiety 15.85 ± 0.491SD, p=0.000. A quarter of the students had concerning high levels of anxiety. Avoidance behavior was also prevalent at 12.09 ± 3.909SD. It was alarming that 50% of the students thought of quitting or deferring their studies due to the COVID-19 pandemic ((r = 0.230, p-value = 0.014). The study recommends the introduction of psychoeducation programs to educate the students on how to cope with the COVID-19 pandemics and other pandemics that might occur, initiation of accessible and affordable counselling services for students, training on developing resilience, a concerted effort between the colleges and government to educate students on how to cope with pandemics and that the government should put measures to mitigate the spread of fake news from social media and educate people on where to obtain reliable information. Key words: Anxiety, COVID-19, Students
Operation of Medical Journal Citation Databases Without Control. Dilemma: Are They What They Want to Be in the Eyes of Scientific Community
Authors: Masic Izet , Jankovic Slobodan , Donev Doncho , Zildzic Muharem , Hozo Izet
Published: November 2022

The decision of the citation database to include or not include a journal is not subject to the control of another entity, or the professional public, and there are no internationally established ethical standards that the citation database would have to apply. As a consequence of the absence of control, the already mentioned offensive reviews and arbitrary interpretation of the criteria for journal inclusion appear. Given that a journal’s entry into the citation database is a condition for its long-term survival, people who make decisions in the citation databases gain the power to shut down or revive certain journals based on personal preferences. Any power that is not controlled is eventually abused. Therefore, our proposal is to urgently establish the principles of ethical behavior of citation databases at the global level and find ways to ensure compliance with such principles.
Hematology and serum chemistry reference values of stray dogs in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan S , No author No author , No author No author , Epstein J , Olival K , Hassan M , Hossain M , Rahman K , Elahi M , Mamun M , Haider N , Desmond G
Published: November 2022

Hematology and serum chemistry values were obtained from 28 male and 22 female stray dogs in Chittagong Metropolitan area, Bangladesh. The goal of the study was to establish reference value for hematology and serum chemistry for these semi wild animals in relation to age, sex, reproductive stage and body condition. No significant differences were found for mean values of hemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell, differential leukocyte count, total protein, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, phosphorus and potassium among or between sexes, ages, reproductive states or body conditions. Significant differences were noted for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p<0.02) between sexes. Among different age groups significant differences were found for total red blood cell count (p<0.001). Different body conditions have significant differences in red blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (p<0.001). Pregnant and non-pregnant females differed significantly in their red blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (p<0.001).
Effects of timed artificial insemination following estrus synchronization in postpartum beef cattle
Authors: Malik A , No author No author , Wahid H , No author No author , Rosnina Y , Sabri A
Published: November 2022

The objectives of this study were to evaluate estrus response and pregnancy rates resulting from timed artificial insemination (AI) following estrus synchronization using CIDR in postpartum beef cattle. A total of 100 cows were randomly divided into three groups. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were artificially inseminated at 48-50 h (n=30), 53-55 h (n=30) and 58-60 h (n=40) after CIDR removal, respectively. Estrus synchronization was carried out using a CIDR containing 1.38 mg progesterone. All cows were given 2 mg estradiol benzoate, intramuscularly on the day of CIDR insertion (D 0). The CIDR was removed after 8 days and 125 μg of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) was injected intramuscularly. One day after CIDR removal all cows were given 1 mg of estradiol benzoate intramuscularly (D 9). Cows were observed visually for estrus after removal of CIDR. Between 30 and 32 days after timed AI, pregnancy was determined using transrectal ultrasonography. The first estrus observation which is approximately 32 h after CIDR removal showed no significant difference (P>0.05) among the three groups. The onset response of estrus after 32 h removal of CIDR was less than 10% in all three groups 6.6% (G1), 6.8% (G2) and 7.3% (G3). Furthermore, percentages of estrus response (D 10) following CIDR removal were 76.6%, 75.0% and 77.5%. The difference between on D 9 and D 10 estrus response were statistically significant (P<0.05). The pregnancy rates were 23.3% (G1), 26.6% (G2) and 37.5% (G3), which were not significant (P>0.05).
Castration of dromedary camel through prescrotal midline incision
Authors: Telfah M , Taleb M
Published: November 2022

A total of 165 camels of different ages were castrated through a small, prescrotal midline incision between January, 2010 and December, 2011. The incision was closed with one interrupted, horizontal mattress suture using USP-2 chromic catgut. In 14/165 animals (8.5%) postoperative infection (sepsis) developed, which healed in two to three weeks after open wound management. The remaining 151 animals had an uneventful recovery, but a slight edematous swelling of the scrotum was observed in 8 of the 151 animals (5.3%), which was self-limiting and of no significance. No primary or secondary postoperative bleeding was noticed in any of the animals. It was concluded that this technique was less time consuming with negligible postoperative care and complications when performed under standard surgical principles.
Collection, analysis and cryopreservation of semen from Malayan gaur (Bos gaurus hubbacki): A preliminary study
Authors: Iswadi M , Ann Z , Hafiz M , Hafiz M , Fahrul F , Hajarian H , Wahid H , Zawawi I , Mazni M
Published: November 2022

The Malayan gaur (Bos gaurus hubbacki) or Seladang is classified as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). The Malayan gaur is mainly distributed in the tropical woodlands of Peninsular Malaysia and Southern Thailand. The aim of this study was to collect, analyze and cryopreserve the semen of wild Malayan gaur. Transrectal massage (TM) and electroejaculation (EEJ) technique was applied in semen collection of the Malayan gaur. The semen was then cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen using slow freezing technique. Makler counting chamber was used to evaluate sperm concentration and motility, while the sperm viability and morphology of fresh and post-thaw sperm was determined using eosin-nigrosin staining protocol. As a result, we have successfully collected the Malayan gaur semen using EEJ technique. Sperm motility, viability and morphological changes of the post-thaw semen of Malayan gaur were found undesirable due to the complication of the cryopreservation process. On the basis of current study it can be concluded that Malayan gaur bulls semen can be obtain by EEJ with no evidence of rectal trauma. Optimization of the process of cryopreservation for Malayan gaur sperm is needed to maintain the cryoviability of the good sperm quality. The data generated in this study would be useful in conservation of genetic diversity program for Malayan gaur.
Levels of heavy metals in liver and kidney of dogs from urban environment
Authors: Serpe F , No author No author , Russo R , Simone A , Florio S , Severino M
Published: November 2022

Lead, cadmium and mercury were detected in liver and kidney tissue of dogs from an urban habitat. Samples were digested in a microwave system and analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results of the current study showed that at least one of the three heavy metals was detected in tissues of all examined dogs. These findings make us suppose that humans are exposed to the same heavy metals similar to those of dogs that are exposed since they share the same environment. Mercury concentrations detected in kidney of household dogs were higher than stray dogs, therefore the involvement of pet food in exposure to mercury can be supposed.
DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and neutrophils of dairy cows during the transition period
Authors: Tharwat M , No author No author , Oikawa D
Published: November 2022

This study was designed to investigate the apoptotic process in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) in dairy cattle during the transition period. Blood samples were collected from 4 dairy cattle at 3 weeks before the expected parturition (wk -3), parturition (wk 0) and 3 weeks after parturition (wk +3). The DNA damage of PBMC and PMN was evaluated based on the comet assay using visual scoring (arbitrary units). Undamaged DNA remained within the core (score 0) and the broken DNA migrated from the core towards the anode forming the tail of a comet (scores 1-4). Significantly higher scores in PBMC at wk 0 and wk +3 were observed compared with those in PMN although there were no significant changes of scores in either cell type during the experimental period. It is suggested that the apoptotic rate of PBMC is accelerated compared with that of PMC during the transition period.
Determination of feed value of cherry, apricot and almond tree leaves in ruminant using in situ method
Authors: Nahand M , Nobar R , Mahmoudi N
Published: November 2022

In the present study, chemical composition and in situ rumen dry matter degradability (DMD) of some tree species (cherry, apricot and almond tree leaves) were determined. Crude protein (CP) concentration varied from 6.76% for almond tree to 2.76% for cherry tree, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), from 29.2, 20.8% for apricot tree to 20.8 and 15.8% for almond tree leaves respectively. Polyphenol and tannin composition measured from 3.49, 1.2% for almond tree to 1.51 and 0.61% for apricot tree, respectively. In situ rumen degradability was carried out in three fistulaed Taleshi native male cattle which were incubated at times of 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96-hour. Almond leaves had higher potential degradation (a+b) for dry matter (92.37%) and cherry leaves showed lower potential degradation (84.12%), respectively. Effective rumen degradable dry matter at rate of 0.05/h varied from 69.86% for almond tree to 52.20% for cherry leaves. Results showed that the almond leaves were higher in nutritive value than cherry and apricot leaves. Therefore, almond tree leaves could be used with forage in ruminant diets to reduce cost of animals feed requirements. Overall, it seemed that the tree leaves used in this study, had a higher nutritive value in ruminant’s nutrition, however more experiments are needed for an accurate determination of nutritional values of these resources.
Nutritional value of raw soybeans, extruded soybeans, roasted soybeans and tallow as fat sources in early lactating dairy cows
Authors: Amanlou H , Sis N , Bassiri S , No author No author , Aghazadeh A , Salamatdust R , Karimi A
Published: November 2022

Thirty multiparous Holstein cows (29.8 ± 4.01days in milk; 671.6 ± 31.47 kg of body weight) were used in a completely randomized design to compare nutritional value of four fat sources including tallow, raw soybeans, extruded soybeans and roasted soybeans for 8 weeks. Experimental diets were a control containing 27.4 % alfalfa silage, 22.5% corn silage, and 50.1% concentrate, and four diets with either tallow, raw soybean, extruded soybean, or roasted soybean added to provide 1.93% supplemental fat. Dry matter and NEL intakes were similar among treatments, while cows fed fat diets had significantly (P<0.05) high NEL intakes when compared to control with no fat. Supplemental fat, whether tallow or full fat soybeans increased milk production (1.89-2.45 kg/d; P<0.01) and FCM production (1.05-2.79; P<0.01). Milk fat yield and percentage of cows fed fat-supplemented diets were significantly (P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively) higher than control. Between fat-supplemented diets, roasted soybean caused highest milk fat yield and extruded soybean caused lowest milk fat yield. There was no significant effect of supplemental fat on the milk protein and lactose content and yield. Feed efficiency of fat-supplemented diets was significantly (P<0.01) higher than control. Body weight, body weight change and BCS (body condition score) of cows, as well as energy balance and energy efficiency were similar between treatments. In conclusion, while there was no significant effect of fat sources on production response of cows, fat originating from heat-treated soybean help to minimize imported RUP (rumen undegradable protein) sources level as fish meal in comparison with tallow and raw soybean oil. In the Current study, there was no statistical significance among nutritional values of oil from extruded soybeans and roasted soybeans.