bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE STORY OF SUPERNOVA “REFSDAL” TOLD BY MUSE*
Authors: Grillo C. , Karman W. , Suyu S. H. , Rosati P. , Balestra I. , Mercurio A. , Lombardi M. , Treu T. , Caminha G. B. , Halkola A. , Rodney S. A. , Gavazzi R. , Caputi K. I.
Published: May 2016

We present Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) observations in the core of the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) galaxy cluster MACS J1149.5+2223, where the first magnified and spatially resolved multiple images of supernova (SN) “Refsdal” at redshift 1.489 were detected. Thanks to a Director's Discretionary Time program with the Very Large Telescope and the extraordinary efficiency of MUSE, we measure 117 secure redshifts with just 4.8 hr of total integration time on a single 1 arcmin2 target pointing. We spectroscopically confirm 68 galaxy cluster members, with redshift values ranging from 0.5272 to 0.5660, and 18 multiple images belonging to seven background, lensed sources distributed in redshifts between 1.240 and 3.703. Starting from the combination of our catalog with those obtained from extensive spectroscopic and photometric campaigns using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we select a sample of 300 (164 spectroscopic and 136 photometric) cluster members, within approximately 500 kpc from the brightest cluster galaxy, and a set of 88 reliable multiple images associated with 10 different background source galaxies and 18 distinct knots in the spiral galaxy hosting SN “Refsdal.” We exploit this valuable information to build six detailed strong-lensing models, the best of which reproduces the observed positions of the multiple images with an rms offset of only 0.″26. We use these models to quantify the statistical and systematic errors on the predicted values of magnification and time delay of the next emerging image of SN “Refsdal.” We find that its peak luminosity should occur between 2016 March and June and should be approximately 20% fainter than the dimmest (S4) of the previously detected images but above the detection limit of the planned HST/WFC3 follow-up. We present our two-dimensional reconstruction of the cluster mass density distribution and of the SN “Refsdal” host galaxy surface brightness distribution. We outline the road map toward even better strong-lensing models with a synergetic MUSE and HST effort.
ON THE CONTRIBUTION OF FLUORESCENCE TO LYα HALOS AROUND STAR-FORMING GALAXIES
Authors: Mas-Ribas Lluís , Dijkstra Mark
Published: May 2016

We quantify the contribution of Lyα fluorescence to observed spatially extended Lyα halos around Lyα emitters at redshift z = 3.1. The key physical quantities that describe the fluorescent signal include (i) the distribution of cold gas in the circumgalactic medium (CGM); we explore simple analytic models and fitting functions to recent hydrodynamical simulations; and (ii) local variations in the ionizing background due to ionizing sources that cluster around the central galaxy. We account for clustering by boosting the observationally inferred volumetric production rate of ionizing photons,

, by a factor of

, in which

quantifies the clustering of ionizing sources around the central galaxy. We compute

by assigning an “effective” bias parameter to the ionizing sources. This novel approach allows us to quantify our ignorance of the population of ionizing sources in a simple parametrized form. We find a maximum enhancement in the local ionizing background in the range 50–200 at r ∼ 10 physical kpc. For spatially uncorrelated ionizing sources and fluorescing clouds we find that fluorescence can contribute up to ∼ 50%–60% of the observed spatially extended Lyα emission. We briefly discuss how future observations can shed light on the nature of Lyα halos around star-forming galaxies.
FALSE POSITIVE PROBABILITIES FOR ALL KEPLER OBJECTS OF INTEREST: 1284 NEWLY VALIDATED PLANETS AND 428 LIKELY FALSE POSITIVES
Authors: Morton Timothy D. , Bryson Stephen T. , Coughlin Jeffrey L. , Rowe Jason F. , Ravichandran Ganesh , Petigura Erik A. , Haas Michael R. , Batalha Natalie M.
Published: May 2016

We present astrophysical false positive probability calculations for every Kepler Object of Interest (KOI)—the first large-scale demonstration of a fully automated transiting planet validation procedure. Out of 7056 KOIs, we determine that 1935 have probabilities <1% of being astrophysical false positives, and thus may be considered validated planets. Of these, 1284 have not yet been validated or confirmed by other methods. In addition, we identify 428 KOIs that are likely to be false positives, but have not yet been identified as such, though some of these may be a result of unidentified transit timing variations. A side product of these calculations is full stellar property posterior samplings for every host star, modeled as single, binary, and triple systems. These calculations use vespa, a publicly available Python package that is able to be easily applied to any transiting exoplanet candidate.
ON THE FORMATION OF SUPER-EARTHS WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Authors: Martin Rebecca G. , Livio Mario
Published: May 2016

We first consider how the level of turbulence in a protoplanetary disk affects the formation locations for the observed close-in super-Earths in exosolar systems. We find that a protoplanetary disk that includes a dead zone (a region of low turbulence) has substantially more material in the inner parts of the disk, possibly allowing for in situ formation. For the dead zone to last the entire lifetime of the disk requires the active layer surface density to be sufficiently small,

. Migration through a dead zone may be very slow and thus super-Earth formation followed by migration toward the star through the dead zone is less likely. For fully turbulent disks, there is not enough material for in situ formation. However, in this case, super-Earths can form farther out in the disk and migrate inward on a reasonable timescale. We suggest that both of these formation mechanisms operate in different planetary systems. This can help to explain the observed large range in densities of super-Earths because the formation location determines the composition. Furthermore, we speculate that super-Earths could have formed in the inner parts of our solar system and cleared the material in the region inside of Mercury’s orbit. The super-Earths could migrate through the gas disk and fall into the Sun if the disk was sufficiently cool during the final gas disk accretion process. While it is definitely possible to meet all of these requirements, we don’t expect them to occur in all systems, which may explain why the solar system is somewhat special in its lack of super-Earths.
« L’entrepreneur de lui-même » et les polyphonies politiques du rap kenyan
Authors: Künzler Daniel , Perrot Sandrine
Published: May 2016

Au Kenya, les rappeurs énoncent des contre-discours et défient la légitimité des dirigeants politiques mais développent également une convivialité quelque peu contradictoire avec les cercles politiques. Pourtant, l’approche restrictive de la littérature sur ces deux perspectives occulte le fait que tous les artistes que nous évoquons ont également recours à une grande variété de stratégies, suggérant un assujettissement interne de nombreux rappeurs kenyans vis-à-vis de la gouvernementalité néolibérale africaine. Ceci cependant ne se limite pas à la musique rap, dont le caractère distinctif est moins marqué que la littérature ne le suggère.
« Devenir rappeur engagé » : l’émergence controversée du rap dans l’espace public camerounais
Authors: Awondo Patrick , Manga Jean-Marcellin
Published: May 2016

Cet article tente d’apporter une intelligibilité du rap camerounais à partir d’une double lecture : d’une part, en interrogeant son historicité au Cameroun, c’est-à-dire son émergence et son enracinement dans le milieu artistique et culturel, d’autre part, en suivant les rappeurs eux-mêmes ainsi qu’une partie de la critique médiatique dans l’analyse qu’ils font du rap. En privilégiant cette entrée, deux faits majeurs retiennent l’attention : d’abord, une forte mise en concurrence du rap dès son arrivée dans l’espace camerounais avec d’autres styles musicaux. Cette concurrence fut forte, y compris sur la dimension d’engagement critique attendue comme un trait identitaire du rap, l’obligeant ainsi à se légitimer tout en cherchant une identité. Ensuite, les rappeurs camerounais font face à un double procès ; l’un, de la part d’une opinion médiatique soupçonnant leurs accointances avec des autorités au pouvoir vues comme corrompues ; l’autre, de la part desdites autorités frileuses vis-à-vis de la parole critique dans l’espace public.
Pourquoi aller au tribunal si l’on n’exécute pas la décision du juge ? Conflits d’héritage et usages du droit à Cotonou
Authors: Andreetta Sophie
Published: May 2016

Ces dernières années, le nombre de conflits d’héritage gérés par le tribunal de première instance de Cotonou a considérablement augmenté. Pourtant, même lorsqu’une décision est rendue, peu de familles exécutent le jugement. Partant de ce constat, cet article vise à comprendre la manière dont les héritiers comprennent et utilisent le droit dans la capitale béninoise. La justice y est mobilisée pour agir sur les hiérarchies familiales et l’accès aux ressources – un objectif qui ne nécessite pas toujours de respecter la décision du juge. Dans le prolongement des récentes réflexions sur la place du droit sur le continent africain, cette contribution s’intéressera aux citoyens ordinaires et à la manière dont ils s’approprient la loi.
Le Palipehutu-FNL au Burundi. Dynamiques d’ethnicisation et de « désethnicisation »
Authors: Alfieri Valeria
Published: May 2016

Cet article examine les modalités de la mobilisation politique pratiquées par une formation politico-militaire, le Palipehutu-FNL, depuis sa naissance en clandestinité en 1980 jusqu’à son agrément comme parti politique en 2009. Il se penche en particulier sur le processus d’ethnicisation et de « désethnicisation » qui caractérise sa trajectoire afin de montrer comment la perception de la question ethnique et son usage politique changent en fonction du contexte sociopolitique. Il vise également à faire ressortir les facteurs-clés de l’engagement politique que recouvre le recours au discours ethnique. Pour ce faire, l’article ne se limite pas au moment où s’exerce la violence, il met aussi en évidence les actions politiques qui précèdent et suivent la confrontation armée, évitant ainsi tout déterminisme dans l’analyse des liens entre ethnicité et mobilisation politique.
Estimating the Preoperative Corneal Power With Scheimpflug Imaging in Eyes That Have Undergone Myopic LASIK
Authors: Savini Giacomo , Hoffer Kenneth J. , Schiano-Lomoriello Domenico , Ducoli Pietro
Published: May 2016

PURPOSE:

To investigate whether the Estimated Pre-Refractive SimK accurately predicts the preoperative corneal power (K) in eyes with previous myopic femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK (FS-LASIK) and whether a better prediction can be developed.

METHODS:

Preoperatively and 3 months after FS-LASIK, patients underwent anterior segment imaging with the Pentacam HR rotating Scheimpflug camera (Oculus Optikgeräte, Wetzlar, Germany). Posterior and anterior corneal curvature and power and asphericity (Q-value at 8 mm) were recorded. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the relationship among variables.

RESULTS:

One hundred four eyes of 104 patients were enrolled. The Estimated Pre-Refractive SimK (43.19 ± 1.63 diopters [D]) was lower (
P
= .0014) than the mean preoperative K (43.44 ± 1.49 D). The difference was within ±0.50 and ±1.00 D in 53.8% and 86.5% of eyes, respectively. Multiple linear regression detected a statistically significant relationship (
r
2
= 0.8497,
P
< .0001) among the investigated parameters: preoperative anterior corneal radius = 1.156 + 1.012 * postoperative posterior corneal radius – 0.3800 * postoperative Q-value. When this equation was used to predict the preoperative K, the difference between the actual preoperative K and the predicted value (43.41 ± 1.38 D) was not statistically significant. The rate of eyes with a difference between the predicted and actual preoperative K within ±0.50 and ±1.00 D increased to 61.5% and 93.3%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

The corneal power before FS-LASIK can be accurately predicted from the postoperative corneal measurements of a rotating Scheimpflug camera. The multiple regression formula described may be more accurate than the Estimated Pre-Refractive SimK available on the Pentacam.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(5):332–336.]
Introducción a las "Novelas Ejemplares"
Authors: Zimic Stanislav
Published: May 2016

No disponible.
"La Gran Sultana" de Miguel de Cervantes: Adaptación del texto y puesta en escena
Authors: García Lorenzo Luciano
Published: May 2016

No disponible.
Hermemutica de Cide Hamete Benengeli: Perspectivas
Authors: Romo Feito Fernando
Published: May 2016

No disponible
Formas de imitación del «Quijote» en la novela inglesa del siglo XVIII: «loseph Andrews» y «Tristram Shandy»
Authors: Pardo García Pedro Javier
Published: May 2016

No disponible
Erotismo brujeril y hechicería urbana en Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda
Authors: Andres Christian
Published: May 2016

No disponible
Estructura especular y marco narrativo en el «Persiles»
Authors: García Galiano Ángel
Published: May 2016

No disponible
«Engaño común de muchos»: la América de Cervantes
Authors: Caro López Ceferino
Published: May 2016

No disponible
El «Génesis» y La fuerza de la sangre de Cervantes
Authors: Febres Eleodoro J.
Published: May 2016

No disponible
«Porque lo pide así la pintura»: la escritura peregrina en el lienzo del «Persiles»
Authors: Brito Díaz Carlos
Published: May 2016

No disponible
Reanalysis of Historical Mourning Dove Nest Data by Using a Bayesian Approach
Authors: Snyder John , Gao Xiaoming , Schulz John H. , Millspaugh Joshua J.
Published: May 2016

We reconstructed a historical mourning dove Zenaida macroura nesting dataset to estimate nest survival and investigate the effect of covariates by using a Bayesian hierarchical model. During 1979–1980, 106 study areas, across 27 states, were established to conduct weekly nest searches during February–October. We used roughly 11,000 data sheets to reconstruct the dataset containing 7,139 nests compared to 6,950 nests in the original study. Original and reconstructed nest survival estimates showed little difference by using the original analysis methodology, that is, the Mayfield method. Thus, we assumed we closely replicated the original dataset; distributions of nests found, birds hatched, and birds fledged also showed similar trends. After confirming the validity of the reconstructed dataset, we evaluated 10 different models by using a Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach; the final model contained variables for nest age or stage, nest height, region, but not habitat. The year 1980 had a higher probability of nest survival compared to 1979, and nest survival increased with nest height. The nest encounter probability increased at days 4 and 11 of the nesting cycle, providing some insight into the convenience sampling used in the original study. Our reanalysis with the use of covariates confirms previous hypotheses that mourning doves are habitat generalists, but it adds new information showing lower nest survival during nest initiation and egg laying and a decline when fledglings would be 4 or 5 d old. Regional differences in mourning dove nest survival confirm existing hypotheses about northern states demonstrating greater nest success compared to southern states where differences may reflect trade-offs associated with northern latitudes, weather differences, or food availability.
Entre le Sacré et le Profane : Retour sur une querelle idéologique, ontologique et politique sur le statut de l’embryon
Authors: Le Maigat Patrice
Published: May 2016

Si l’embryon est humain, est-il pour autant une personne humaine ? Peut-on en disposer librement ? Sa nature relève-t-elle de l’éthique, de la norme ou de la conscience ? Derrière son énigmatique existence, se pose en fait la délicate et controversée question du début de la vie humaine et sa prise en considération par le droit. L’arrêt de la Cour européenne de droits de l’homme, Parrillo c. Italie, du 27 août 2015 a relancé avec une grande violence le débat sur la question récurrente, délicate et controversée, du statut de l’embryon. En consacrant le droit de disposer et de décider du sort de ses embryons, découlant du droit à l’autodétermination, tout en interdisant à la requérante de donner ses embryons issus d’une fécondation in vitro (FIV) à la recherche scientifique, en considérant que « dans une société démocratique, l’Etat peut être amené à s’ingérer dans la vie privée de ses concitoyens pour des raisons d’intérêt général », les jugent ne viennent-ils pas d’ouvrir une nouvelle boite de Pandore ? Certes, pour certains, la solution est claire, voire simpliste : les embryons humains ne sont pas des choses et leur destruction peut être interdite. Mais, la portée de cette décision est bien plus complexe et lourde de conséquences qu’il n’y paraît. Car désormais il ne fait plus aucun doute que le droit de choisir le sort réservé aux embryons surnuméraires touche avant tout au respect de la vie privée et relève du droit à l’autodétermination, même si, malheureusement, cette affirmation doit être tempérée par la légitimité des Etats à s’ingérer dans la vie privée des individus et prive ce droit de son caractère fondamental. Néanmoins, l’avancée est grande et c’est pourquoi, contrairement à la majorité des opinions conservatrices émises, il est certain que malgré ses faiblesses et ses incohérences, cet arrêt va marquer le point de départ d’une nouvelle réflexion sur le statut juridique de l’embryon, entité flottante et jusqu’ici inclassable. Alors que la science ne cesse de progresser, entre la chose et la personne, la remise en cause de la summa divisio fondamentale s’impose plus que jamais.
(In)acceptabilités environnementales et/ou sanitaires : dilemmes autour de la démoustication du littoral méditerranéen français
Authors: Mieulet Elise , Claeys Cécilia
Published: May 2016

À partir d’une étude de cas relative aux politiques de démoustication et de luttes anti-vectorielles en France métropolitaine, cet article souligne l’intérêt de déconstruire les processus de normalisation à l’œuvre dans la fabrication de l’acceptabilité sociale. Le questionnement guidant la réflexion porte sur les pluralités, les fluctuations et les tensions des registres de justification relatifs à l’(in)acceptabilité des politiques de démoustication. L’originalité du cas analysé est que celui-ci révèle des oppositions entre protagonistes aux intérêts distincts, mais aussi des tensions à l’intérieur de chaque groupe d’acteurs, ainsi que des dilemmes individuels. L’analyse s’appuie sur un suivi sociologique initié en 1995 et réunissant un corpus recueilli dans le cadre de plusieurs programmes de recherche. Le corpus mobilisé dans cet article est constitué d’une sélection de 261 entretiens semi-directifs et de 1093 questionnaires issus de ces différents travaux. L’analyse porte tout d’abord sur l’influence des changements sociopolitiques et économiques sur les fluctuations spatio-temporelles de la (non) construction de l’(in)acceptabilité sociale. Elle montre en outre comment les processus de construction de l’acceptabilité contribuent à occulter la question singulièrement politique de la responsabilité des acteurs. Enfin, les contradictions internes aux protagonistes des processus de (non) construction de l’(in)acceptabilité sont soulignées, renvoyant dos à dos les injonctions plurielles d’une puissance publique polycéphale et les désirs contradictoires d’une population polymorphe.
Cinématique et impacts d’un événement hydrométéorologique : les inondations du 6-7 octobre 2014, Grabels (France méditerranéenne)
Authors: Rey Tony , Defossez Stéphanie , Vinet Freddy , Boissier Laurent
Published: May 2016

Dans la nuit du 6 au 7 octobre 2014, une crue éclair frappe le nord de Montpellier et notamment la commune de Grabels. Au cours de ce bref épisode pluviométrique, les ruissellements de versants, les cours d’eau -du petit ruisseau au fleuve de la Mosson- sont entrés en crue et sortis de leur lit mineur endommageant près de 500 habitations. Pour reconstituer au plus près le déroulement de la crue rapide et ses impacts, nous avons mené un retour d’expérience dès le lendemain de la catastrophe. À partir des indicateurs morpho-sédimentaires et des dégâts observés, nous avons reconstitué l’enveloppe de la zone inondée ; caractérisé les hauteurs d’eau maximales atteintes ; identifié la cinématique des écoulements de crue ; estimé les débits de pointe et la puissance spécifique et caractérisé les modifications morpho-sédimentaires. Le retour d’expérience, réalisé à l’échelle locale, a mis en lumière les dynamiques hydrogéomorphologiques et leurs effets, comme l’existence de deux ondes de crue, la sous-estimation à certains endroits de la zone inondable, l’inadaptation de certains aménagements, ou encore des effets de site ou la forte capacité d’incision des matériaux. Il a en outre permis d’estimer les dommages sur la zone urbanisée.
Penser l’écologie politique
Authors: Flipo Fabrice
Published: May 2016

Cet article entend faire le point sur ce qu’il en est de « l’écologie politique », dans le cadre de la philosophie politique classique. Les deux manières les plus courantes de penser le problème que sont l’éthique environnementale et la philosophie de la technique sont importantes, mais elles ne sont aussi que la partie la plus visible de l’enjeu et des manières dont les philosophes ont pu s’y atteler, c’est ce qui apparaît clairement quand on examine de façon plus générale la réception de l’écologie politique en tant qu’idéologie au sein des deux grands courants de philosophie politique qui ont dominé le dernier siècle, le libéralisme et sa critique. Ce qu’indique cette perspective est que c’est la modernité, présumée porteuse de l’universalisme, qui se trouve mise en cause, au motif de ses particularismes. Les difficultés matérielles que rencontre la généralisation de ce mode de vie en sont un révélateur parmi d’autres, qui n’a peut-être que la particularité de devenir de plus en plus visible. Nous sommes conduits à la conclusion selon laquelle la question des « modes de production et de consommation », dans la terminologie de l’ONU, s’enracine dans des questions qui relèvent proprement de l’anthropologie philosophique.
Impact des feux sur la biomasse dans les savanes guinéo-soudaniennes du Togo
Authors: Afelu Bareremna , Fontodji Kokou Jérémie , Kokou Kouami
Published: May 2016

Au Togo, la mise à feu de la végétation est une pratique ancestrale très usitée en agriculture. Mais, au-delà de certaines normes, l’aspect utilitaire des feux est supplanté par des conséquences dommageables à l’environnement. Un des impacts des feux incontrôlés est la perte de ressources végétales réduisant sa disponibilité pour les besoins humains et l’équilibre écosystémique. Face au risque d’incendie de plus en plus élevé dû aux dérèglements climatiques et à la pression anthropique sur les écosystèmes forestiers, il devient urgent de mieux comprendre l’impact des feux sur la biomasse végétale. Cette étude vise à évaluer l’impact des feux sur la production et la diversité végétale. Pour se faire, des parcelles ont été délimitées sur la base de la distribution des feux actifs, des superficies brulées et des mesures au sol. L’étude porte sur la strate herbacée épigée exposée aux feux de surface dans les savanes d’aires protégées. Il en ressort que la biomasse est faible au niveau des zones brulées (1034,6±249,6 g/m²) qu’au niveau des zones exclues des feux (1078,3±275,4 g/m²). Les feux itératifs ont induit une perte de production moyenne 43,67±26,2 g/m². Cette perte est plus élevée sous climat guinéen que soudanien. Au total, 16015±9 627,3 t/an de biomasse herbacée est brulée au niveau de la zone d’étude, équivalent à 8007,6±4750,5 tonnes de carbone rejeté. Les Poaceae semblent plus pyrotolérantes et prédominantes au niveau des sites brulés au détriment des autres familles d’herbacées. Ainsi, pour atténuer le rejet des gaz à effet de serre, conserver la biodiversité et répondre à la forte demande en biomasse végétale, une meilleure connaissance de l’impact des feux sur les écosystèmes devient incontournable dans la planification du développement.
L’adaptation des territoires aux changements climatiques dans l’Oriental marocain : la vulnérabilité entre action et perceptions
Authors: François Alain , Gauché Evelyne , Génin Alain
Published: May 2016

Suite aux retards pris par les politiques d’atténuation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre à l’échelle internationale, la question de l’adaptation aux changements climatiques apparaît comme un objet de recherche nouveau pour les sciences sociales depuis le début des années 2000. Néanmoins, les premières études ont relevé l’ampleur des chantiers à explorer et souligné les nombreuses difficultés à lever tant sur les plans théoriques que méthodologiques. Le travail présenté ici propose une réflexion menée à partir d’observations de terrain faites dans la région de l’Oriental marocain et vise à montrer l’intérêt d’une approche géographique qui cherche à replacer la problématique de l’adaptation aux changements climatiques dans les différents registres du fait social et territorial.
Les impacts hydrologiques de la production de neige dans un domaine de moyenne montagne
Authors: Magnier Élodie
Published: May 2016

L’enneigement artificiel des stations de ski est une pratique relativement récente en Europe et en Amérique du Nord. C’est une activité nécessaire au maintien et au développement des activités économiques d’une station. Or, la production de neige nécessite de grands volumes d’eau pompés dans les rivières, les nappes phréatiques, les réserves d’eau potable, les barrages hydroélectriques et les retenues collinaires. On estime qu’il faut 4000 m3 d’eau pour couvrir un hectare. En outre, la production de neige n’est pas le seul usage de l’eau en station de sports d’hiver. Le problème soulevé est celui de la constante disponibilité de l’eau pour ces diverses activités en particulier durant la saison hivernale. Cette étude a pour but de mesurer l’impact des prélèvements pour la production de neige à l’échelle locale du domaine franco-suisse des Portes du Soleil (trois stations de ski : Avoriaz, Champéry et Les Gets) sur la variation des ressources disponibles, et d’identifier deux situations à risque pour les stations : un risque de conflits d’usage et un risque de pénurie. Dans les stations, la mobilisation d’un grand volume d’eau sur une courte période rend la gestion difficile et peut entraîner des situations à risque. L’intensité de la production de neige peut diminuer les possibilités pour les autres usages. Cette étude montre également que le partage de la ressource provoque une situation à risque, particulièrement lorsqu’un lac ou une retenue collinaire unique doit servir à la fois à la production de neige et à l’alimentation en eau potable. Des situations de pénurie d’eau peuvent exister ponctuellement et la situation doit être surveillée.
The Essential Project
Authors: Mayall Alex , Carter Jonathan
Published: May 2016

Conceptual Structures (CS) have the ambitious aim of integrating the creativity of individuals and organizations with the productivity of computers to address business problems more effectively. Unfortunately, in terms of the progress and impact of CS, the practice appears to lag far behind the theory. A major reason is the inadequacy of the enterprise architecture tools that might be used to support CS. This paper introduces the Essential Project, a ten-year development program that has produced an open source enterprise architecture support toolkit with a comprehensive metamodel. In common with other enterprise architecture management suites, Essential enables users to define and describe their enterprise in terms of its current and future states. A new version, the Essential Intelligence Platform, supports inference-based analysis of the stored information and other capabilities that offer realistic support for the conceptual structures of an enterprise. This platform also serves as the launch pad for a range of business services designed to address common business problems.
Cyber Terrorism Taxonomies
Authors: Al Mazari Ali , Anjariny Ahmed H. , Habib Shakeel A. , Nyakwende Emmanuel
Published: May 2016

The aim of this paper is to identify common features in: the definition of cyber terrorism, cyber terrorism targets, cyber terrorism crimes and then develop effective mitigation strategies and countermeasures to tackle this phenomenon. Through rigorous analysis of literature covering academic articles and official reports, we develop cyber terrorism definition taxonomy which includes five elements: target, motive, means, effect and intention; cyber terrorism targets taxonomy identified from the following target areas: military forces, government cyber and physical infrastructures, critical national infrastructures, social and national identity, and private industry and entities. The cyber terrorism risk factors are classified into main five categories: national security, financial, social and cultural, operational disruption and physical destructions risks. The following identified patterns constituted the cyber terrorism targets taxonomy: incursion, destruction, service interruption, disinformation and web sites defacement. The authors categorized effective strategic approaches to tackle cyber terrorism as: administrative, technological, national and local alliances, international alliances, and education, training and psychological approach. They developed cyber terrorism taxonomies which represent a systematic organization and classification of knowledge that improves scientific awareness of cyber terrorism definition, boundaries, potential targets, crime patterns and effective mitigation strategies.
Cyber Espionage and Illegitimate Information Retrieval
Authors: Heickerö Roland
Published: May 2016

One of the most serious threats to a modern country's trade, industry and long-term economic development is cyber espionage and insiders. The activities are directed against high-technological industries and companies with advanced basic research. The defence and telecoms sectors are of particular interest, just as biotechnics, medical and material technology. Behind this kind of espionage there may be individual states and security services as well as competing companies. One trend is that criminal players are getting involved both as thieves and fences of information. Computerisation and the development of the Internet drastically increase the possibility of procuring sensitive information through illegal means. This can be done in different ways. In the paper the convergence between industrial- and cyber espionage are discussed. A number of examples are provided of different kinds of espionage as well as some of the methods that is used to collect information over the Internet – such as signals intelligence, monitoring of traffic, penetration and overtaking of computers with the aid of trojans. Examples are given on succesful cybertheft operations such as the operation Buckshot Yankee and the Chinese Ghostnet. The paper ends with a discussion on how to improve information security in organisations in order to reduce the risks for illegitimate information drainage.
Survey of Security Challenges in NFC and RFID for E-Health Applications
Authors: Prodanoff Zornitza Genova , Jones Edward L. , Chi Hongmei , Elfayoumy Sherif , Cummings Cynthia
Published: May 2016

Hospitals worldwide have implemented High Frequency (HF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) networks for supplies tracking in ER setting, in-patient identification, surgical instrument management, and other applications. Merging of Web, Near Filed Communication (NFC), and HF RFID technologies for their combined use in e-Health applications is a logical next step due to the wide availability of NFC-enabled smartphones. This article outlines some resulting security challenges. Tags are often compliant with multiple standards that operate in the same frequency range. For example, HF RFID tags have already been adopted for in-patient tracking, yet smartphone NFC reader apps can freely access data on those tags. While tag– or session–centered security protocols exist for some RFID standards (e.g. ISO/IEC 29167), no ISO security standard is currently available for HF RFID tags. In such systems, proper traffic characterization can lead to better understanding of operation under “normal” system state conditions and could potentially help to identify security breaches.
Feasibility of Large Scale Implementation of Personalized Medicine in the Current Scenario
Authors: Misra Subhas C. , Bisui Sandip
Published: May 2016

Personalized Medicine (PM) is an emerging concept in the modern healthcare system and can play a vital role in modern healthcare management. If this concept can be adopted and implemented in a proper manner, the entire healthcare system will attain an elevated dimension. However, there exist many difficulties in adopting personalized healthcare system. An attempt has been made in this paper to present the data obtained through survey that has been conducted amongst a group of medical practitioners and a group of patients. The data collected have then been analysed by resorting to statistical techniques. The study shows that despite many personalized medicines have been discovered for use, it is difficult to adopt the personalized medicare system due to lack of adequate infrastructures, healthcare record system, communication among the medical doctors and genomic researchers, awareness and encouragement of common people, proper training of medical doctors, and confidentiality of the patients.
Web and Mobile Phone Based Rabies Surveillance System for Humans and Animals in Kilosa District, Tanzania
Authors: Kipanyula Maulilio J. , Geofrey Anna M. , Fue Kadeghe G. , Mlozi Malongo R.S. , Tumbo Siza D. , Haug Ruth , Sanga Camilius A.
Published: May 2016

Rabies has continued to claim human life despite different efforts to controls its transmission cycles between humans and domestic dogs. New developments in ICT have provided an opportunity for increased possibilities for community involvement in rabies surveillance. The main objective of this study was to investigate on approaches and practices to improve the communication of rabies surveillance information at different levels. Specifically, a study was carried to establish the significance of applying human sensor web system. Human sensor web has a potential of strengthening rabies surveillance system and serves as applied research tools for investigating strategic spatially targeted control activities, identifying areas most at risk and early detection of rabies incursions. Web and mobile based rabies surveillance system was developed and piloted as a support tool for the detection, surveillance and control of rabies. Wide application of the developed system will pave way for effective and efficient country-wide sharing of rabies surveillance information.
Barriers and Challenges Facing Pre-Service Teachers use of Mobile Technologies for Teaching and Learning
Authors: Burden Kevin , Hopkins Paul
Published: May 2016

This study examined the perceptions, attitudes and beliefs of pre-service teachers using the iPad for their professional learning purposes and for teaching during their school placements. The sample consisted of 117 pre-service teachers undertaking a one-year postgraduate qualification in England to gain qualified teaching status (QTS). A mixed methods design was employed to collect data using questionnaires and focus groups and the results showed how students' beliefs and attitudes, categorised as second order barriers, are significant factors in determining how effectively mobile technologies are used as a teaching and learning tool. Whilst the research literature suggests access, infrastructure and training, are diminishing as significant barriers for technology adoption, this study found that first-order barriers such as these still remain a significant challenge for pre-service teachers attempting to learn with and use mobile technologies in their practice. The article concludes with implications for practice in teacher education, theory and areas for further research.
Mobile Technologies as Boundary Objects in the Hands of Student Teachers of Languages Inside and Outside the University
Authors: Gajek Elżbieta
Published: May 2016

This paper presents the use of mobile devices by students of linguistics, future foreign language teachers, outside the university and in-campus, and their vision of the potential usefulness of such devices for language learning at tertiary level. As various characteristics of mobile devices influence their usability, users select a device to fit specific needs. This article discusses student teachers' preferences of the use of mobile devices in the light of boundary objects theory (Star, Griesemer, 1989; Star 2010). Although they use mobile phones mainly for communication and orientation in both contexts, the funcionalities are different. For example, they use phone calls outside the university versus sms in-campus, city public-transport website versus weekly schedule. The device turns out to be so flexible that allows for a selective use of its functionality depending on the context.
The Potential Contribution and Uses of Twitter by Tourism Businesses and Destinations
Authors: Sotiriadis Marios D.
Published: May 2016

The tools of Web 2.0 provide opportunities and challenges for the destinations and providers of tourism services to better listen to and understand their current and potential consumers. This article approaches the Social Media, and more specifically Twitter, as a tool for integrated communication with tourism consumers. It takes a strategic and operational marketing perspective to analyze the potential contribution of Twitter, from the point of view of tourism providers. Twitter is regarded as a source of and medium for interactive communication with customers. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to examine and suggest the ways in which tourism destinations and businesses could take advantage of Twitter as a channel of interactive communication and constructive dialogue. More specifically, it examines the potential contribution and possible uses of Twitter by tourism businesses in acquiring customer feedback.
Near-Optimal Trajectory Generation of a Two-Legged Robot with Soft Sole on Staircase using PSO and ABC
Authors: Rani B Naga Sudha , Ranga Vundavilli Pandu
Published: May 2016

During biped locomotion the foot ground interaction plays an important role, as it takes the reaction force acting on the foot and allows stable walking of the biped robot. Generally, the foot is considered to be hard to solve the gait generation problem and dynamic balance aspects of the two-legged robot. However, a layer of rubber is placed on the sole of the robot to act as a shock absorber for all practical purposes. It is important to note that the soft sole gets deformed during walking of the robot and allows the limbs of the robot to bend that influences the dynamic balance of the walking machine. The aim of this study is to use two different non-traditional optimization algorithms, such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithms to obtain the optimal hip trajectory, damping coefficient and position of the lumped masses for a 7-DOF biped robot ascending the staircase. The dynamic balance of the gaits generated with soft sole is verified using the concept of zero moment point (ZMP). Further, the energy consumed in ascending the staircase with and without soft sole has been computed. The results of this study proved that, least energy is consumed with soft sole having correction for the deformation.
A Comparative Review of Moveable Sensor Location Identification
Authors: Kuriakose Jeril , Joshi Sandeep
Published: May 2016

The evolutions in proficient resources, route discovery protocols, simplicity in hardware design, and other aspects have enabled the wireless sensor networks to have a steady rise in the recent decade. Lately, people started favouring moveable devices in the place of static devices, which brought moveable sensor network into focus. Location information continuously plays a key role in Mobile wireless sensor network (MWSN) and exact location identification has continuously been a test for moveable sensor devices. Installing GPS receivers for every device would also solidify network installation cost for a large network. The unavailability of GPS in covered and underground surrounding has put the installation of GPS into problem. This makes the sensor devices to detect its location coordinates or location reference without using GPS, and is achieved with the help of a special device that knows its location coordinates and protocols, called anchor device. The authors' goal is to confer diverse location identification techniques used by moveable sensor devices to detect their location information. Complications and future issues have also been deliberated.
Improving Dependability of Robotics Systems, Experience from Application of Fault Tree Synthesis to Analysis of Transport Systems
Authors: Mahmud Nidhal
Published: May 2016

The use of robotics systems is increasingly widespread and spans a variety of application areas. From manufacturing, to surgeries, to chemical, these systems can be required to perform difficult, dangerous and critical tasks. The nature of such tasks places high demands on the dependability of robotics systems. Fault tree analysis is among the most often used dependability assessment techniques in various domains of robotics. However, there is still a lack of adjustment methods that can efficiently cope with the sequential dependencies among the components of such systems. In this paper, the authors first introduce some relevant techniques to analyze the dependability of robotics systems. Thereafter, an experience from research projects such as MAENAD (European automotive project investigating development of dependable Fully Electric Vehicles) is presented; emphasis is put on a novel approach to synthesizing fault trees from the components and that is suitable for modern high-technology robotics. Finally, the benefits of the approach are highlighted by using a fault-tolerant case study.
Collision Avoidance in Dynamic Environment by Estimation of Velocity and Location of Object by Robot using Parallax
Authors: Rai Ajay Kumar , Tiwari Ritu
Published: May 2016

Collision avoidance is a challenging problem in robot navigation. There are two type of collision avoidance approach i.e. path planning algorithm and control algorithm. Control algorithm proven very useful for dynamic environment. In control method robot use sensing to close a feedback path and interact with the environment. This sensing feedback loop can be completed by using Camera in robot.Visual parallax is very useful for generation of 3D information of environment for robotic system. Here the authors describe the use of visual parallax in humanoid robotic system for estimation of velocity and location of object that present in environment. The location and velocity of object gives the useful information to plan a collision free path by robot in that environment. Accuracy, robustness, and applicability of this method wastest by simulation. The authors show that this approach gives an accurate and robust estimation of velocity and a distance of object. This information simplifies the difficult task of collision avoidance in dynamic environment.
(R)Evolutionary Emergency Planning
Authors: Lock Mary Beth , Fansler Craig , Webb Meghan
Published: May 2016

This article discusses how a library can revise its existing Emergency, Disaster and Continuity of Operations plans, through the utilization of an ongoing review cycle, new dissemination techniques, and expanded training protocols. While reviews of existing emergency plans typically happen in response to actual emergencies, flipping that scenario by conducting ongoing reviews with a small, dedicated committee will expand preparedness. The paper identifies important steps to follow in revising emergency plans and discusses incorporating e-book and short form formats to enhance training and documentation.
Business Model Innovation in the Agri-food Sector
Authors: Tell Joakim , Hoveskog Maya , Ulvenblad Pia , Ulvenblad Per-Ola , Barth Henrik , Ståhl Jenny
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this article is to deepen our understanding of what we know about business model innovation in the agri-food sector, both from a theoretical as well as a practical perspective. The methodological approach used in the paper is built on interviews, focus groups and observations of agricultural entrepreneurs and agricultural advisors in the agriculture sector and a review of over 500 peer-reviewed research papers for the period 1990-2014. The findings of the study indicate that entrepreneurs within the agri-food sector ought to shift focus from only a producer perspective to also include an entrepreneurial perspective, e.g. to focus on business model innovation. Based on this knowledge the authors present implications for research and practice. The research field is young and broad, but developing, and in need of stronger theoretical foundations. This article is based on a combination of a systematic literature review of a new emerging field as well as empirical in-depth interviews, focus groups and observations.
Behaviour of Ibadan City Households Towards Energy Conservation
Authors: Eluwa Stephen Enyinnaya , Siong Ho Chin
Published: May 2016

Energy consumption of household sector constitutes major share in the total energy demand of most developing countries. However, much of the current debate on global warming and energy reduction seems to focus more on the industrial and transport sectors. Using discriminant analytical approach, the authors investigated the influence of psychological variables vis-a-vis attitude and perceived behavioural control (PBC) on energy conservation behaviour of Ibadan city residents, Nigeria. Through a household survey, 822 respondents were sampled across the residential neighbourhoods of the city. The study builds a model that contains variables with the most predictive power in discriminating respondents based on their socio-demographic groups. Results indicate that two variables significantly separate the income-groups based on attitudinal readiness to engage in energy conservation, while three variables separate the gender and age groups. In addition, results show that low income group, elderly and females are more willing to adopt energy saving measures.
A Case Study
Authors: Verneshia (Necia) Boone
Published: May 2016

Since the inception of charter school programs, the U.S. Department of Education (DOE) has invested more than $3 billion while political leaders and special interest groups continue to express concerns about public charter school providers lacking accountability and delivering poor quality education for our disadvantaged students (2015). In recent years, the DOE continue to offer guidance, revise policies, and federal resources concerning the oversight of public charter schools; however, the harsh criticism surrounding charter school failures across the United States has not diminished (2015). The essence of this journal paper is to present a case study about the female owner's lawsuits and challenges while operating Triumph Management Company and its Duke, Duchess Technology Centers that are located in Midwest Region of the United States.. The author will provide a historical overview and discuss the management structure, leadership styles and other related topics. Discussion questions appear at the end of article.