bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coordination Anchoring Effect Promoting the Interfacial Stability and Electrochemical Performance of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Cathode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Songyuchen , Li Yingying , Zhang Yang , Song Ye , Liu Lin , Ma Juanjuan , Liu Jie
Published: August 2022

LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811), as a typical nickel‐rich ternary material, has attracted wide attention due to its high discharge specific capacity. However, the strict storage environment and interface instability caused by residual alkali on the surface limit the further development. Surface coating is usually used to modify the surface of cathode materials to improve interface stability. However, traditional inorganic coating is easy to fall off due to a lack of stable chemical bonding, and the interaction force of previous organic coating has not been thoroughly studied. Herein, polyvinyl pyrrolidone with carbonyl functional groups is introduced on the surface of NCM811, and the carbonyl group forms strong coordination bonds with transition metal ions, that is, the organic coating layer forms stable coordination anchoring with the cathode material, which greatly reduces the situation where the coating layer is easy to fall off. At the same time, the implanted organic coating can inhibit the dissolution of transition metal ions and mitigate the side reaction. The results show that the capacity retention rate of the modified material reaches 86.82% after 50 cycles at 1 C rate. This novel surface modification strategy provides a new insight for the modification of high‐nickel cathode materials.
Magnetic ion‐imprinted microspheres for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution
Authors: Zhao Zhonghua , Zou Xinquan , Zhao Yu , Shi Jinshuo , Huang Yicheng , Wang Jikui
Published: August 2022

Magnetic ion‐imprinted microspheres (IIM) with core‐shell structure were successfully prepared by reverse emulsion polymerization and applied to adsorb heavy metal ions from sewage. The semi‐interpenetrating polymer network composed of cross‐linked polyacrylamide (PAM) and linear chitosan (CTS) was used as the microgel shell of microspheres, which can not only fully retain the active sites of CTS but also tightly encapsulate magnetic particle nuclei. In addition, ion imprinting technology was used to further improve the adsorption capacity. In this study, the effects of PAM to CTS ratio on the thermal stability, magnetic properties, and microstructure of microspheres were investigated. Adsorption studies showed that IIM exhibited excellent selective adsorption of Cu(II), and the effects of initial concentration of metal ions, adsorption time, adsorbent dosage, pH, ionic strength, and cycle times on adsorption of Cu(II) by IIM‐2 were also studied. In addition, it was revealed that pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model could better simulate the adsorption kinetic and isotherm of IIM‐2 for Cu(II), respectively. At 30°C and pH 5.0, the theoretical maximum adsorption capacities for Cu(II) by IIM‐2 were 151.13 mg/g. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Zeta potential study showed that the adsorption mechanism of IIM‐2 was a combination of electrostatic interaction and ion exchange.
Geochemistry and magnetite mineral properties in a porphyry copper prospect in A‐type granitoids: A case study from the Karbi Hills of Northeast India
Authors: Majumdar Dilip , Gogoi Abhijit , Ghatak Arundhuti , Saikia Angana , Bhuyan Nilotpol , Sunder Raju Perumala V.
Published: August 2022

This paper discusses the porphyry copper mineralization in A‐type granitoids from the Precambrian shield of the Karbi Hills (Mikir Hills), NE India. The prospective zone lies in the Kuthori‐Bagori of Kaziranga locality of the north Karbi Hills. The host granitoids are characterized by intermediate to high SiO2 (66.30–72.97 wt.%), Na2O (up to 4.90 wt.%), Ba (up to 1,943 ppm), Zr (up to 410 ppm), Y (up to 70 ppm) and Al2O3 (up to 14.77 wt.%) with low concentrations of CaO (up to 1.53 wt.%), and Cu (up to 32.41 ppm) which suggest a consistent granodiorite‐monzogranite host composition, an intraplate emplacement, A‐type chemistry, shoshonitic to high‐K calc‐alkaline and a predominant metaluminous character. Minerals in the investigated granitoids show hypogene alteration features similar to ideal porphyry style mineralization. Remnants of early chalcopyrite‐bornite‐magnetite (Magnetite‐I) veins have been preserved in the distant propylitic zone. The central core zone of potassic alteration shows the dominance of pyrite‐chalcopyrite‐magnetite (Magnetite‐II) assemblages. Mineral chemistry confirms the presence of two types of magnetites: magmatic (Mag‐I) and hydrothermal (Mag‐II). Mag‐I is octahedral, less commonly cubic, or irregular. It has a porous core with trellis‐type ilmenite exsolution lamellae. Mag‐II is non‐porous, devoid of ilmenite exsolution lamellae, has irregular to distinctly octahedral crystal habit and contains micro‐inclusions of pyrite, chalcopyrite, aluminosilicates, manganite and apatite. The progressive chemical purification of igneous magnetite, exacerbated by hydrothermal re‐equilibration, has resulted in a significant reduction in trace element contents such as Ti, Al, Mg, Zn and Cr, and a significant increase in iron content from 89 to ~94 wt.%. A combination of [Ni/(Cr + Mn) vs. Ti + V], and [(Ca + Al + Mn) vs. Ti + V] variation diagrams and upper threshold concentrations for the Kuthori‐Bagori ore effectively separates Mag‐I and Mag‐II. Our field, petrographic and geochemical data indicate that the Kuthori‐Bagori of Kaziranga granitoid of the Karbi Hills (Mikir Hills) in NE India is an ideal location for porphyry copper mineralization.
CCR7 alterations associated with inferior outcome of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma under mogamulizumab treatment
Authors: Sakamoto Yuma , Ishida Takashi , Masaki Ayako , Murase Takayuki , Ohtsuka Eiichi , Takeshita Morishige , Muto Reiji , Iwasaki Hiromi , Ito Asahi , Kusumoto Shigeru , Nakano Nobuaki , Tokunaga Masahito , Yonekura Kentaro , Tashiro Yukie , Iida Shinsuke , Utsunomiya Atae , Ueda Ryuzo , Inagaki Hiroshi
Published: August 2022

Adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) patients have a very poor prognosis. The humanized anti‐CCR4 therapeutic monoclonal antibody, mogamulizumab, is a key agent for ATL treatment. Our previous integrated molecular analysis demonstrated that among all the driver genes in ATL, CCR7 gene alterations were significantly associated with clinical response to mogamulizumab. Accordingly, here we investigated the detailed clinical impact of CCR7 alterations in a larger cohort of ATL patients. These CCR7 alterations, most of which lead to C‐terminus truncations, were observed in 27 of 223 patients (12%). For patients receiving mogamulizumab but not allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), CCR7 alterations were significantly associated with worse survival (median survival from the first dose of mogamulizumab of 0.7 years for 12 patients with CCR7 alterations vs. 1.6 years for 72 patients without, p = 0.020). On the other hand, the presence or absence of CCR7 alterations had no significant impact on survival in the entire cohort (median overall survival of 1.4 and 1.8 years, respectively, p = 0.901), or on the survival of patients receiving allogeneic HSCT (median survival from the day of transplantation of 0.9 years for 6 patients with CCR7 alterations and 1.4 years for 48 without, p = 0.543). Multivariate analysis indicated that patients with CCR4 alterations but lacking CCR7 alterations (n = 20) had significantly better survival after receiving mogamulizumab‐containing treatments (hazard ratio for survival, 0.437, 95% confidence interval, 0.192–0.994). This study contributes to the establishment of precision medicine for ATL.
Biomarker adoption in developmental science: A data‐driven modelling of trends from 90 biomarkers across 20 years
Authors: Qian Weiqiang , Zhang Chao , Piersiak Hannah A. , Humphreys Kathryn L. , Mitchell Colter
Published: August 2022

Developmental scientists have adopted numerous biomarkers in their research to better understand the biological underpinnings of development, environmental exposures, and variation in long‐term health. Yet, adoption patterns merit investigation given the substantial resources used to collect, analyse, and train to use biomarkers in research with infants and children. We document trends in use of 90 biomarkers between 2000 and 2020 from approximately 430,000 publications indexed by the Web of Science. We provide a tool for researchers to examine each of these biomarkers individually using a data‐driven approach to estimate the biomarker growth trajectory based on yearly publication number, publication growth rate, number of author affiliations, National Institutes of Health dedicated funding resources, journal impact factor, and years since the first publication. Results indicate that most biomarkers fit a “learning curve” trajectory (i.e., experience rapid growth followed by a plateau), though a small subset decline in use over time.
Reassessing the dependence between economic growth and financial conditions since 1973
Authors: Chernis Tony , Coe Patrick J. , Vahey Shaun P.
Published: August 2022

Adrian, Boyarchenko and Giannone ((2019), ABG) adapt quantile regression (QR) methods to examine the relationship between US economic growth and financial conditions. We confirm their empirical findings, using their methodology and their pre‐2016 sample. Mindful of the importance of the Covid‐19 pandemic, we extend the sample to 2021Q3 and find attenuation of the key estimated coefficients using ABG's empirical methods. Given the pandemic observations, we provide robust QR analysis of dependence based on ranked data and explain the relationship with extant copula modelling methods.
Three‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography to evaluate left ventricular function in patients with acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention following Tongxinluo treatment
Authors: Qin Wenjuan , Tian Ruimeng , Feng Jia , Zhai Zijing , Wang Zhen , Huang Lei , Lu Guilin , Dong Shanshan
Published: August 2022

Objective

Bying comparing the correlation between three‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3D‐STE) and troponin I (cTn I), three‐dimensional left ventricular ejection fraction (3D‐LVEF), to explore the 3D‐STE to evaluate the left ventricle of patients with acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (AMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) following routine treatment with Tongxinluo drugs.

Methods

Altogether, 61 patients with AMI and 30 healthy adults were selected, and the patients were divided into the routine group and the Tongxinluo group. The serum creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK‐MB) and troponin I (cTn I) levels were detected in all patients after admission. All patients underwent PCI, and routine echocardiography and 3D‐STE assessments were performed for each group 72 h after PCI and 12 months after PCI to obtain the following left ventricular‐related functional parameters: left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (LVEDD), end‐ventricular septal end‐diastolic thickness (IVSD), left ventricular posterior wall end‐diastolic thickness (LVPWD), left ventricular short axis shortening fraction (LVFS), Simpson's left ventricular ejection fraction (Simpson's LVEF), three‐dimensional left ventricular ejection fraction (3D‐LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), left ventricular twist angle (LVtw), Torsion (Tor), peak strain dispersion (PSD), and myocardial comprehensive index (MCI). The same parameters were collected in the control group, the results were compared. The correlation analysis between 3D‐STE parameters and 3D‐LVE, cTn I was performed. A total of 10 individuals were selected for repeatability testing.

Results

Compared with the control group, the LVFS, LVEF (Simpson), 3D‐LVEF, GLS, GCS, LVtw, Tor, and MCI significantly decreased in patients with STEMI after PCI, while the PSD significantly increased (p < 0.05). Compared with the values 72 h after PCI, the LVEDD, LVFS, LVEF (Simpson), 3D‐LVEF, GLS, GCS, LVtw, Tor, and MCI significantly increased at 12 m after PCI, while PSD significantly decreased (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the two groups at 72 h after PCI (p > 0.05). At 12 months after PCI, the LVEF, GLS, GCS, LVtw, Tor, and MCI of the Tongxinluo group were higher than those of the routine group. The PSD was significantly lower in the Tongxinluo group (p < 0.05). MCI and 3D‐LVEF, cTn I have the strongest correlation and the highest consistency, which can best reflect the changes in the left ventricular function in patients with AMI after PCI.

Conclusion

3D‐STE can be used to evaluate the protective effect of Tongxinluo on the left ventricular function in patients with AMI after PCI.
Release of VAMP5‐positive extracellular vesicles by retinal Müller glia in vivo
Authors: Demais Valerie , Pohl Anne , Wunderlich Kirsten A. , Pfaller Anna M. , Kaplan Lew , Barthélémy Amelie , Dittrich Robin , Puig Berta , Giebel Bernd , Hauck Stefanie M. , Pfrieger Frank W. , Grosche Antje
Published: August 2022

Cell‐cell interactions in the central nervous system are based on the release of molecules mediating signal exchange and providing structural and trophic support through vesicular exocytosis and the formation of extracellular vesicles. The specific mechanisms employed by each cell type in the brain are incompletely understood. Here, we explored the means of communication used by Müller cells, a type of radial glial cells in the retina, which forms part of the central nervous system. Using immunohistochemical, electron microscopic, and molecular analyses, we provide evidence for the release of distinct extracellular vesicles from endfeet and microvilli of retinal Müller cells in adult mice in vivo. We identify VAMP5 as a Müller cell‐specific SNARE component that is part of extracellular vesicles and responsive to ischemia, and we reveal differences between the secretomes of immunoaffinity‐purified Müller cells and neurons in vitro. Our findings suggest extracellular vesicle‐based communication as an important mediator of cellular interactions in the retina.
The synthesis of deuteriated tri‐tert‐butyl phosphine
Authors: Brown Lucy C. , McGrogan Anne , Delavoux Yoan , Hogg James M. , Holbrey John D. , Gunaratne H. Q. Nimal , Swadźba‐Kwaśny Małgorzata , Tellam James P. , Youngs Sarah E.
Published: August 2022

The synthesis of deuteriated tri‐tert‐butyl phosphine is reported. This synthesis is an adaptation of the known procedure for tri‐tert‐butyl phosphine via a Grignard intermediate.
VG161 activates systemic antitumor immunity in pancreatic cancer models as a novel oncolytic herpesvirus expressing multiple immunomodulatory transgenes
Authors: Shen Yinan , Song Wei , Lin Danni , Zhang Xiaozhen , Wang Meng , Li Yuwei , Yang Zifan , Guo Sida , Wang Zijun , Sheng Jianpeng , Murad Yanal , Ding Jun , Lou Yufeng , Pan Xinping , Wu Zongsong , Zhao Ronghua , Jia Weiguo , Bai Xueli , Liang Tingbo
Published: August 2022

The VG161 represents the first recombinant oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 carrying multiple synergistic antitumor immuno‐modulating factors. Here, we report its antitumor mechanisms and thus provide firm theoretical foundation for the upcoming clinical application in pancreatic cancer. Generally, the VG161‐mediated antitumor outcomes were analyzed by a collaboration of techniques, namely the single‐cell sequencing, airflow‐assisted desorption electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry imaging (AFADSI‐MSI) and nanostring techniques. In vitro, the efficacy of VG161 together with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been successfully shown to grant a long‐term antitumor effect by altering tumor immunity and remodeling tumor microenvironment (TME) metabolisms. Cellular functional pathways and cell subtypes detected from patient samples before and after the treatment had undergone distinctive changes including upregulated CD8+ T and natural killer cells. More importantly, significant antitumor signals have emerged since the administration of VG161 injection. In conclusion, VG161 can systematically activate acquired and innate immunity in pancreatic models, as well as improve the tumor immune microenvironment, indicative of strong antitumor potential. The more robusting antitumor outcome for VG161 monotherapy or in combination with other therapies on pancreatic cancer is worth of being explored in further clinical trials.
A significant predictor of in‐hospital and long‐term mortality and progression in COVID‐19 patients: The end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score model
Authors: Kaya Yasemin , Gülcü Oktay , Aksakal Emrah , Kalkan Kamuran , Aydın Sidar Ş. , Kaya Ahmet , Bostan Sedat
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score and disease progression and mortality in COVID‐19 patients. The files of 4213 patients over the age of 18 who were hospitalized with the diagnosis of COVID‐19 between March 20, 2020 and May 1, 2021 were retrospectively scanned. Sociodemographic characteristics, chronic diseases, hemogram and biochemical parameters at the time they were diagnosed with COVID‐19 of the patients, duration of hospitalization, duration of intensive care unit (ICU), duration of intubation, in‐hospital mortality from COVID‐19 and outside‐hospital mortality for another reason (within the last 1 year) and recurrent hospitalization (within the last 1 year) were recorded. The MELD scores of the patients were calculated. Two groups were formed as MELD score < 10 and MELD score ≥ 10. The rate of ICU, in‐hospital mortality from COVID‐19 and outside‐hospital mortality from other causes, intubation rate, and recurrent hospitalization were significantly higher in the MELD ≥ 10 group. The duration of ICU, hospitalization, intubation were significantly higher in the MELD ≥ 10 group (p < 0.001). As a result of Univariate and Multivariate analysis, MELD score was found to be the independent predictors of ICU, in‐hospital mortality, intubation, and recurrent hospitalization (p < 0.001). MELD score 18.5 predicted ICU with 99% sensitivity and 100% specificity (area under curve [AUC]: 0.740, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.717–0.763, p < 0.001) also MELD score 18.5 predicted in‐hospital mortality with 99% sensitivity and 100% specificity (AUC: 0.797, 95% CI: 0.775–0.818, p < 0.001). The MELD score was found to be the independent predictors of in‐hospital mortality, ICU admission, and intubation in COVID‐19 patients.
Are bladder washing samples suitable for investigation of HPV infection in urinary bladder? Comparison in HPV prevalence between urine and washing samples
Authors: Nakagawa Tomomi , Shigehara Kazuyoshi , Kato Yuki , Kawaguchi Shohei , Nakata Hiroki , Nakano Taito , Izumi Kouji , Kadono Yoshifumi , Mizokami Atsushi
Published: August 2022

Although urine and bladder washing samples are commonly used for the cytological evaluation of the bladder mucosa, it has been unknown whether these samples are likely suitable to investigate human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in the urinary bladder. The present study aimed to elucidate the appropriateness of spontaneously voided urine or bladder washing in screening HPV infection in the urinary bladder. Urine and bladder washing samples were obtained from 201 patients who underwent transurethral bladder tumor resection. After extracting DNA from both samples, HPV‐DNA was examined using a nested polymerase chain reaction with GP5+/6+ and MY09/11 primers. HPV genotyping was performed in the HPV‐positive samples. In situ hybridization (ISH) was performed to observe the HPV‐DNA localization in urothelial cells among cytological samples and paraffin‐embedded tumor tissues in HPV‐positive washing samples. HPV prevalence in urine and washing samples were 9.5% and 7.0%, respectively. High‐risk HPV prevalence in urine and washing samples was 7.5% and 4.0%, respectively. The most common HPV type was HPV 16, followed by HPV 52 and HPV 18 in both samples. HPV type distribution in both samples was not in agreement (κ = −0.431). The ISH analysis revealed that HPV‐DNA signal was observed in urothelial cells of five (55.7%) of nine detectable HPV‐positive cytological samples. Six (66.7%) of nine HPV‐positive cases had HPV‐DNA signals in tumor tissue. The use of washing samples was likely applicable for investigating HPV prevalence in the urinary bladder. HPV‐DNA detected in washing samples might be frequently derived from the urinary bladder.
Association of viral load with TRAIL, IP‐10, CRP biomarker signature and disease severity in children with respiratory tract infection or fever without source: A prospective, multicentre cohort study
Authors: Papan Cihan , Argentiero Alberto , Adams Ortwin , Porwoll Marian , Hakim Ummaya , Farinelli Edoardo , Testa Ilaria , Pasticci Maria B. , Mezzetti Daniele , Perruccio Katia , Simon Arne , Liese Johannes G. , Knuf Markus , Stein Michal , Yacobov Renata , Bamberger Ellen , Schneider Sven , Esposito Susanna , Tenenbaum Tobias
Published: August 2022

Background

To investigate the association of viral load (VL) with (i) tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL), interferon gamma‐induced protein‐10, C‐reactive protein, and a combinatorial score (BV score), and (ii) clinical severity.

Study Design

In this prospective, multicentre cohort substudy, children with respiratory tract infection or fever without source were enrolled. VL for influenza virus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus was measured from nasopharyngeal swabs. The reference standard diagnosis was established based on expert panel adjudication.

Results

Of 1140 recruited patients, 333 had a virus monodetection. VL for the aggregated data set correlated with TRAIL and IP‐10 levels, with the length of oxygen therapy, and inversely with the BV score. At a single viral level, only the influenza VL yielded a correlation with TRAIL, IP‐10 levels, and the BV score. Children with a viral reference standard diagnosis had significantly higher VL than those with bacterial infection (p = 0.0005). Low TRAIL (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39–0.91) and young age (IRR 0.62, 95% CI 0.49–0.79) were associated with a longer hospital stay, while young age (IRR 0.33, 95% CI 0.18–0.61), low TRAIL (IRR 0.25, 95% CI 0.08–0.76), and high VL (IRR 1.16, 95% CI 1.00–1.33) were predictive of longer oxygen therapy.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that VL correlates with biomarkers and may serve as a complementary tool pertaining to disease severity.
Investigation of the turning speed for immersive environments using freehand‐based technique
Authors: Xiao Yi , Liu Tong , Han Yu , Yue Kang , Liu Yue
Published: August 2022

Designing a natural, usable, and efficient gesture‐based virtual locomotion interface in immersive environments has been challenging. Freehand‐based virtual locomotion technique (VLT) has the advantage of eliminating the need to see the handhold devices and has been implemented in many applications. Translation control and direction control are two essential components of freehand‐based VLT; however, the transfer function of turning speed in direction control has not been well explored. In this article, we systematically investigate the effects of turning speed on freehand‐based virtual locomotion for the first time. A transfer function that maps the position of the hand to the turning speed is defined, and three parameters related to the turning speed are investigated. In the experiment, participants are asked to travel in the virtual environment from a first‐person perspective with different parameters. Statistical analysis of the experimental results reveals the relationship between the turning speed and the traveling performance as well as the traveling experience.
Survival Outcomes of Patients with Mycosis Fungoides Involving the External Ear and Ear Canal
Authors: Wilkinson Alex J. , Nader Marc‐Elie , Roberts Dianna , Duvic Madeleine , Gunther Jillian R. , Dabaja Bouthaina S. , Gidley Paul W.
Published: August 2022

Objectives/Hypothesis

Mycosis Fungoides (MF) is the most common subtype of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. Disease involvement of specific locations may be more significant than simply the symptoms associated with that site; it is possible that involvement of certain sites could be associated with poor prognosis. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients with MF with documented involvement of the EAC and external ear.

Study Design

Retrospective analysis.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 40 patients with MF that were treated by otologists between 2012 and 2021.

Results

We report the largest series of patients with MF involving the external ear and EAC. Of the 40 patients included in this study, 17 presented with Mycosis Fungoides in the otologic region (MFO). Of these 17 MFO patients, 2/17 had involvement of the external ear only, 3/17 of the EAC only, 11/17 of both the external ear and EAC, and 1/17 of the periauricular skin. Of note, 11/14 (79%) patients presenting with EAC disease died compared to11/26 (42%) of patients without involvement. In addition, eight of the 13 (62%) patients with external ear involvement died compared to 14/27 (52%) of patients without involvement. Ear canal involvement was associated with a statistically significant shorter overall survival duration in patients with MF (p = 0.03). Furthermore, disease in the EAC was found to have a hazard ratio value of 2.565 (CI 1.102–5.970).

Conclusions

Involvement of the EAC by MF portends a poor prognosis. This finding highlights the need for a more in‐depth otologic evaluation of patients with MF.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:1486–1491, 2023
Real effects of social trust on firm performance during COVID‐19
Authors: Ramesh Vishnu K. , Athira A.
Published: August 2022

This study uses a difference‐in‐differences estimation method to address potential endogeneity between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firm performance using a natural experiment of COVID‐19, with a cross‐country sample of 80,454 firm‐quarter observations across 51 countries. We find that high‐CSR firms show better performance, raise more debt, and invest more during COVID‐19. The positive effect of CSR on firm performance is more pronounced in countries with better governance and among non‐ International Financial Reporting Standards adopters. Our findings suggest that when trust in firms and markets falls during an economic crisis, the trust established between a firm and its stakeholders via socially responsible behavior pays off.
Effect of Opicapone on Levodopa Pharmacokinetics in Patients with Fluctuating Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Ferreira Joaquim J. , Poewe Werner , Rascol Olivier , Stocchi Fabrizio , Antonini Angelo , Moreira Joana , Guimarães Bruno , Rocha José‐Francisco , Soares‐da‐Silva Patrício
Published: August 2022

Background

Inhibiting catechol‐O‐methyltransferase extends the plasma half‐life of levodopa, potentially allowing physicians to optimize the levodopa regimen in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experiencing motor fluctuations.

Objectives

To evaluate the effects of once‐daily opicapone on levodopa plasma pharmacokinetics and motor response when added to two different levodopa dosing regimens.

Methods

A total of 24 patients with PD and motor fluctuations were enrolled in an exploratory, open‐label, modified cross‐over trial. Participants first received levodopa/carbidopa 500/125 mg (five intakes) for 2 weeks and were then randomly assigned (1:1) to levodopa/carbidopa 400/100 mg given over either four or five daily intakes plus opicapone 50 mg for an additional 2 weeks. Levodopa 12‐hour pharmacokinetics was the primary outcome (ie, excluding the effect of last/evening levodopa/carbidopa intake), with motor complications evaluated as secondary outcomes.

Results

Over 12‐hour pharmacokinetics and compared with five‐intake levodopa/carbidopa 500/125 mg without opicapone, maximal levodopa concentrations were similar or nonsignificantly higher on both levodopa/carbidopa 400/100 mg regimens plus opicapone. Despite a 100 mg lower total levodopa/carbidopa daily dose, adding opicapone 50 mg at least doubled the levodopa plasma half‐life and minimal concentrations, with a significant ≈30% increase in total exposure. The levodopa fluctuation index was only significantly lower for the five intakes plus opicapone regimen (difference of −71.8%; P < 0.0001). Modifications to levodopa pharmacokinetics were associated with decreased off time and increased on time.

Conclusions

Combining opicapone 50 mg with a 100 mg lower daily dose of levodopa provides higher levodopa bioavailability with avoidance of trough levels. Despite the lower levodopa dose, modifying the levodopa pharmacokinetic profile with opicapone was associated with decreased off time and increased on time. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A note on geometric algebras and control problems with SO(3)‐symmetries
Authors: Hrdina Jaroslav , Návrat Aleš , Vašík Petr , Zalabová Lenka
Published: August 2022

We study the role of symmetries in control systems through the geometric algebra approach. We discuss two specific control problems on Carnot groups of step 2 invariant with respect to the action of
. We understand the geodesics as the curves in suitable geometric algebras which allows us to assess a new algorithm for the local control.
Evolution im Reagenzglas
Authors: Markel Ulrich
Published: August 2022

Ulrich Markel nutzt Protein‐Engineering‐Methoden, um aus natürlichen Enzymen künstliche Metalloenzyme und proteinbasierte Materialien zu entwickeln.
Trendbericht Lebensmittelchemie 2022
Authors: Oellig Claudia
Published: August 2022

Analyten in Lebensmitteln müssen in immer kürzerer Zeit bestimmt werden. Daher gewinnen schnelle und einfache Screening‐Methoden an Bedeutung. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Analytik von Rückständen und Kontaminanten, welche die Lebensmittelsicherheit beeinträchtigen können.
Halide perovskite materials as chemical playground
Authors: Hutter Eline M.
Published: August 2022

Due to their excellent optoelectronic performance, and relatively easy processibility, halide perovskite semiconductors are used in highly efficient solar cells, LEDs, X‐ray detectors, and more recently in photo(electro)chemistry. Eline M. Hutter aims to obtain stable, non‐toxic perovskites for photoconversion applications.
Bindekraft oder Elektronenpaar?
Authors: Barke Hans‐Dieter , Sauermann Dieter
Published: August 2022

Die Beschreibungsweisen von Bindungen in Molekülen stammen aus dem 19. Jahrhundert und können auch heute noch zu Fehlvorstellungen bei Lernenden beitragen.
Wasserstoff: Ein Energiemittel?
Authors: Ausfelder Florian , Förster Andreas
Published: August 2022

Projekte zeigen, wie eine Wasserstoffwirtschaft entstehen könnte. Dafür sind aber noch etliche Hürden zu nehmen. Eine Übersicht über Projekte der Dechema und über den Stand der Technik.
Holy smoke – high life?
Authors: Pospech Jola
Published: August 2022

Cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are literally on everyone‘s lips. The structures of these two substances are closely related but differ in their effect. Over the past years, research in the field of artificial synthesis and derivatization of cannabinoids has been flourishing. However, the term synthetic cannabinoids all too often conceals psychoactive designer drugs that bind to cannabinoid receptors and induce an (il)legal high.
Nachruf: Christoph Meier (1966 – 2022)
Authors: Büchner Matthias
Published: August 2022

Am 27. Juni starb Christoph (Chris) Meier, international anerkannter Spezialist für die Quantendynamik komplexer molekularer Systeme.
Interview mit Chemiehistoriker Rudolf Werner Soukup
Authors: Schneider Walter
Published: August 2022

Die GÖCH hat den Chemiehistoriker Rudolf Werner Soukup zu den Anfängen der GÖCH und zur Bedeutung der Publikationen befragt. Das Interview wurde im Juni 2022 in der Geschäftsstelle der GÖCH vom Geschäftsführer Walter Schneider geführt und von Petra Singer transkribiert.
Perceived Stress in Patients with Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Skin Conditions. An Observational Controlled Study Among 255 Norwegian Dermatological Outpatients
Authors: Balieva Flora , Schut Christina , Kupfer Jörg , Lien Lars , Misery Laurent , Sampogna Francesca , von Euler Love , Dalgard Florence J.
Published: August 2022

Background

Inflammation may increase stress, while stress may promote inflammation. Most dermatological conditions are chronic and inflammatory, while some, such as cancer, naevi and tumours are non-inflammatory, but may cause stress because of the fear of malignancy and the necessity for surgical and other invasive treatments. Stress among patients with skin diseases is little explored.

Objectives

To assess perceived stress in patients with inflammatory and non-inflammatory skin conditions compared to healthy controls.

Methods

Observational cross-sectional study. Consecutive outpatients (N = 255) visiting the Department of Dermatology, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway and 148 skin-healthy controls contributed by answering questionnaires on sociodemographics, stressful life events, economic difficulties, self-rated health and perceived stress. The validated Perceived Stress Scale10 was used to evaluate stress. A dermatologist examined patients and registered their diagnoses and comorbidities. Controls included in this study were not examined by a dermatologist and self-reported their comorbidities.

Results

Patients with an inflammatory skin disease or psoriasis have a tripled risk of reporting moderate to high stress compared with controls when adjusted for relevant confounders, including having experienced a stressful life event recently or having a comorbidity. Patients with a purely non-inflammatory skin disease perceived stress no differently than controls.

Conclusion

Patients with inflammatory skin disease perceived higher stress than controls and patients with non-inflammatory skin conditions. Dermatologists may play a role in awareness of the importance of stress in skin disease.
Convolutional Neural Network‐Based Method for Predicting Oxygen Content at the End Point of Converter
Authors: Wang Zhongliang , Bao Yanping , Gu Chao
Published: August 2022

The main factor affecting the cleanliness of steel is inclusions, most of which are deoxidation products. The greater the oxygen content fluctuation at the converter's end point, the more unstable the inclusion control. A large amount of charging, operation, and sampling data is collected during the converter smelting, but it is not fully utilized, and the deoxidizing alloy addition still relies on manual experience. Herein, the representative convolutional neural network (CNN) of deep learning is adopted, and the number of convolutional layers, convolutional kernel size, and the number of convolutional kernels are optimized to establish the best prediction model of the converter end point. Its root mean square error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error are 35.29%, 25.59%, and 7.30%, respectively, which are superior to the back propagation neural network. This CNN prediction model uses 1300 sets of preprocessed data containing 23 indicator variables, of which 1200 sets of data are used for training and 100 sets for model validation. Within the ±50 ppm error scope, the model prediction hit rate can reach 87%, and when within the ±70 ppm error scope, the hit rate is 93%.
Short‐Term Heat Treatment of the High‐Alloy Cold‐Work Tool Steel X153CrMoV12: Calculation of Metastable Microstructural States
Authors: Schuppener Jannik , Müller Stefan , Benito Santiago , Weber Sebastian
Published: August 2022

The influence of short‐time heat treatment on the widely used and commercially available ledeburitic cold‐work tool steel 1.2379 (X153CrMoV12; AISI D2) is examined herein. Starting from a soft annealed initial condition, the influence of different austenitizing temperatures and holding times on the metastable microstructural states after heat treatment/hardening is investigated. The experimental implementation of the heat treatment is used in a quenching dilatometer, and a microstructural simulation model is built using these results. As validation of the model, on the one hand, the martensite start temperature (Ms) is used, measured experimentally by dilatometry. Additionally, the carbide content and distribution, as determined by quantitative image analysis, are compared with the simulated data and used as an indicator of the model accuracy. Through the developed simulation model, arbitrary heat treatment‐induced metastable microstructural states can be calculated. As a possible application of this model, the live‐adaption of the industrial heat treatment process in dependence on the batch chemical composition is discussed.
An improved model and field calibration technique for measuring liquid water content in unfrozen and frozen soils with dielectric probes
Authors: Amankwah Seth K. , Ireson Andrew M. , Brannen Rosa
Published: August 2022

Dielectric soil moisture probes can be used to obtain frequently logged field observations of volumetric water content, but because this is an indirect method, it is challenging to ensure that you have a suitable calibration relationship and parameters. Challenges are associated with (a) limitations in the probes’ ability to accurately measure the soil bulk dielectric constant and (b) limitations in obtaining reliable direct observations to calibrate the probe against, due to the spatial heterogeneity in the field. Furthermore, in soils that freeze, we do not have a robust approach to account for the effect of ice on the instrument. In this study, we propose a calibration relationship for all dielectric probes that is physically based, parsimonious, accounts for errors in the bulk dielectric constant, and quantifies the uncertainty in the liquid water content caused by the presence of ice. We show that our relationship has a better performance and more realistic parameter values than existing approaches. To calibrate a dielectric probe in the field, we show that it is necessary to account for spatial heterogeneity in samples taken for calibration. There is value in taking simultaneous measurements of the bulk dielectric constant (using the same dielectric probe as is being calibrated) and gravimetric samples for water content at a number of points in space. Taking too few samples is likely to be misinformative—we show that it is better to not calibrate the probe at all than to calibrate it with too few data points.
Habits and Lifestyle
Authors: Garrido-Cumbrera Marco , Navarro-Compán Victoria , Bundy Christine , Mahapatra Raj , Makri Souzi ,   Universidad de Sevilla, Plazuelo-Ramos Pedro , Poddubnyy Denis
Published: August 2022

Various aspects of the habits and lifestyle of patients with axSpA can affect their physical health, mental health, and indeed response to therapy.
Employment Status and Productivity
Authors: Garrido-Cumbrera Marco , Navarro-Compán Victoria , Bundy Christine , Mahapatra Raj , Makri Souzi ,   Universidad de Sevilla, Plazuelo-Ramos Pedro , Poddubnyy Denis
Published: August 2022

Due to the pain, fatigue, and loss of mobility associated with their disease, patients with axSpA often struggle to meet the demands of employment, which can lead to higher rates of unemployment, sick leave (absenteeism), and impairment while at work (presenteeism) compared with the general population (Boonen et al. Ann Rheum Dis 69:1123–1128, 2010;Boonen et al. Ann Rheum Dis 60:1033–1039, 2001;; Mau et al. J Rheumatol 32:721–728, 2005; Healey et al. Scand J Rheum 40:34–40, 2011).
Diagnosis
Authors: Garrido-Cumbrera Marco , Navarro-Compán Victoria , Bundy Christine , Mahapatra Raj , Makri Souzi ,   Universidad de Sevilla, Plazuelo-Ramos Pedro , Poddubnyy Denis
Published: August 2022

The diagnosis of axSpA is challenging and is usually based on a combination of clinical symptoms (e.g. unexplained inflammatory back pain), patient characteristics (e.g. age <45 years, family history of axSpA, presence of genetic risk factors [human leukocyte antigen allele B27 (HLA-B27) positivity]), and the presence of inflammation on imaging (e.g. sacroiliitis on magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] or X-ray).
Introduction: ASEAN’s Strategic Utility Redefined
Authors: Koga Kei
Published: August 2022

Does ASEAN play a role in managing security issues in Southeast Asia and beyond? This chapter introduces the book’s core argument that, since the 1990s, ASEAN and ASEAN-led institutions have individually devised and/or shifted their own institutional strategy to manage the great-power politics pertaining to the South China Sea disputes, and that each institutional strategy aims to constrain great powers’ behavior and avoid being entrapped by their strategic competition so as to ensure member states’ interests. Strategy creation or shifts generally occur when member states perceive a change in the strategic environment relating to the South China Sea. But when ASEAN faces difficulty changing its strategy, it establishes a new institution to expand its strategic tools, which assumes a different functionality, geopolitical scope, and raison d'être. In doing so, ASEAN nurtures a quasi-division of labor among its institutions to manage the great-power politics in the South China Sea.
The Concept of Institutional Strategy and Change
Authors: Koga Kei
Published: August 2022

This chapter conceptualizes the types of institutional strategy and constructs a theoretical model based on agent-centered historical institutionalism to understand the timing of its strategy shifts. This theoretical model analyzes how the member states of a regional security institution perceive and assess their immediate security environment and create or change the institutional strategy. Since member states’ perception is generally affected by the regional distribution of power, the chapter emphasizes the importance of analyzing the regional strategic environment as well as agent’s decisions. The methodology of the analyses is briefly discussed through case studies on the role of ASEAN and ASEAN-led institutions regarding the SCS issue. The chapter also provides an overview and assessment of the general trend of the strategic environment in the SCS from 1990 to 2020 over four phases: 1990–2002, 2003–2012, 2013–2016, and 2017–2020. These four phases will be used as a principal indicator to understand the change and continuity of institutional strategies employed by ASEAN and ASEAN-led institutions.
Positive life events and social support and the relationship between life stress and psychological disorder
Authors: Cohen Lawrence H. , McGowan Jack , Fooskas Stephanie , Rose Sandra
Published: August 2022

Conclusion

In conclusion, the present research demonstrated the deleterious effects of negative life events. Number of negative events was a significant predictor of psychological disorder even when initial disorder was statistically controlled. The cross‐sectional regression findings provided some support for the stress‐buffering effects of positive life events, but these effects were nonsignificant when initial disorder was statistically controlled. The cross‐sectional and prospective regression findings suggest that received social support, as measured by the ISSB, does not have a direct or stress‐buffering effect on psychological disorder. These analyses, however, demonstrated the direct and stress‐buffering effects of perceived social support, as measured by the ISEL, and the data suggest that the ISEL is a promising measure of this construct.
A practitioner's guide to meta‐analysis
Authors: Durlak Joseph A. , Lipsey Mark W.
Published: August 2022

Conclusion

Meta‐analysis can be a powerful and useful technique. In the short term, the results of meta‐analysis can increase understanding and influence the future endeavors of researchers interested in a particular field. Over the long term, meta‐analysis provides a vehicle by which large bodies of research can be integrated and focused on public policy issues.

Administrative structures currently exist to foster the relationship between research findings and public policy. As one example, Saxe (1986) has described the activities of the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) established by Congress to provide lawmakers with scientific information in such a way as to be useful for policy decision‐making. OTA is commissioned by Congress to provide assessments of scientific findings, and meta‐analyses are an ideal resource in this regard. Saxe (1986) notes “In almost all cases, the emphasis is on making sense of already collected data, thus literature reviews and methods for synthesizing research results are relied upon” (pp. 61–62).

Whether meta‐analysis actually plays an important role in public policy depends on many factors, not the least of which is the care with which meta‐analyses are conducted. Hopefully, our comments here will help investigators conduct methodologically rigorous meta‐analyses of research relevant to the field of community psychology.
Reactions of phosphoric acid in the autoxidation of fats
Authors: Privett O. S. , Quackenbush F. W.
Published: August 2022

At the elevated temperatures used in accelerated stability tests phosphoric acid was shown to react with fatty peroxides in such a manner as to prevent their estimation by the usual iodometric methods. A dark, phosphorus‐containing precipitate formed, which was apparently polymeric in nature.

Phosphoric acid also reacted with oxidized fat to form an undisassociated fat‐soluble complex but did not react with fresh unsaturated fatty esters.

In addition to the well known sparing action of phosphoric acid ona‐tocopherol, it was shown thata‐tocopherol and quinone also exerted a marked sparing action on the phosphoric acid.
Zoo of holographic moving mirrors
Authors: Akal Ibrahim , Kawamoto Taishi , Ruan Shan-Ming , Takayanagi Tadashi , Wei Zixia
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We systematically study moving mirror models in two-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT). By focusing on their late-time behavior, we separate the mirror profiles into four classes, named type A (timelike) mirrors, type B (escaping) mirrors, type C (chasing) mirrors, and type D (terminated) mirrors. We analytically explore the characteristic features of the energy flux and entanglement entropy for each type and work out their physical interpretation. Moreover, we construct their gravity duals for which end-of-the-world (EOW) branes play a crucial role. Depending on the mirror type, the profiles of the EOW branes show distinct behaviors. In addition, we also provide a criterion that decides whether the replica method in CFTs computes entanglement entropy or pseudo entropy in moving mirror models.
Evolutions in first-order viscous hydrodynamics
Authors: Bantilan Hans , Bea Yago , Figueras Pau
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Motivated by the physics of the quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collision experiments, we use holography to study the regime of applicability of various theories of relativistic viscous hydrodynamics. Using the microscopic description provided by holography of a system that relaxes to equilibrium, we obtain initial data with which we perform real-time evolutions in 2+1 dimensional conformal fluids using the first-order viscous relativistic hydrodynamics theory of Bemfica, Disconzi, Noronha and Kovtun (BDNK), BRSSS and ideal hydrodynamics. By initializing the hydrodynamics codes at different times, we can check the constitutive relations and assess the predictive power and accuracy of each of these theories.