bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safe trajectory analysis and validation for multi-axle vehicles considering the stable constraints
Authors: Liu Xiuyu , Liu Zhihao , Gao Qinhe , Guan Wenliang
Published: January 2025

Vehicle safety and stability in various driving conditions is the key issue for multi-axle heavy vehicles on long haul routes. Due to the characteristics of high center-of-gravity height and high inertia of multi-axle vehicles, these vehicles are more prone to instability and rollover during high-speed maneuvers, which affects the driving safety. Aiming at the problem of safe trajectory planning in the obstacle avoidance process under the adaptive cruise driving situation, this paper considers the obstacle avoidance stability of the vehicle while driving and creates a safe driving trajectory for the five-axle vehicle with automatic driving function. First, the vehicle dynamics model is established in this paper. Then, considering the current and future motion state of the multi-axle vehicle and its surrounding vehicles, the vehicle collision risk model and the obstacle avoidance stability model are established. Finally, a local path-speed collaborative planning method based on the model predictive control (MPC) method is developed, to generate a safe and stable driving trajectory of the multi-axle vehicle. The simulations and experiments show that, compared to the traditional planning method, the yaw and roll motion of the vehicle can be reduced about 28.5% and 25.7% when driving along the trajectory planned by the proposed method, and the risk of driving collision can be reduced effectively.
Cardiac and vascular findings using ultrasound in hypovolemic children
Authors: Gabr Rehab , Al Hazmi Ahmed , Al Mashraki Nabeel , Yousef Dafalla , Amjad Shamaila , Zahraa Jihad
Published: January 2025

Background:

Ultrasound is a non-invasive tool that helps assess volume status.

Objectives:

To assess the dehydration and passive leg raising impact on ultrasound-derived cardiac and inferior vena cava parameters to improve early detection of hypovolemia in children.

Design:

Prospective observational study in a tertiary paediatric intensive care unit.

Methods:

We recruited 66 healthy children 8–14 years old who fasted in Ramadan. Inferior vena cava diameter, inferior vena cava collapsibility, velocity time integral and maximum velocity (Vmax) were measured at left ventricle outflow tract pre- and post-fasting, with and without passive leg raising. Aorta diameter in systole was also measured pre- and post-fasting.

Outcome Measures:

Inferior vena cava diameter and collapsibility, velocity time integral and Vmax with and without passive leg raising, pre and post fasting, and inferior vena cava/Ao ratio pre and post fasting were measured.

Results:

Median percentage of weight loss after fasting was 1.1% (range, 0%–3.9%). Inferior vena cava maximum diameter and inferior vena cava/aorta did not change significantly after fasting ( p < 0.05). Inferior vena cava diameters increased and inferior vena cava collapsibility decreased after passive leg raising ( p < 0.001) pre and post fasting. Velocity time integral increased with passive leg raising ( p < 0.001) but was not affected by fasting ( p = 0.17). Vmax increased with passive leg raising and decreased in fasting ( p = 0.001).

Conclusion:

Passive leg raising affected ultrasound measurements. Left ventricle outflow tract Vmax was affected by fasting/mild dehydration, and further trials are needed to confirm its value in predicting hypovolemia in children.

Limitations:

There was no significant effect of dehydration on the measurements probably because of the small sample and mild dehydration. This cannot be generalised because it is a single-centre study and younger children were not included.
Effects of Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl. Extract on BDNF and its Receptor TrkB in the Hippocampus of Depression Model Rats
Authors: Liu Yueting , Wu Shimin , Miao Shutong , Yan Lu , Huang Zixuan , Fang Gang , Zhang Yun , Feng Qiuyu
Published: January 2025

Background

This study investigates the effect of Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl. on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) in the hippocampus and cortex of depression model rats.

Methods

A chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression model was used, and the behavior changes of animals as well as the expression levels of BDNF and TrkB were measured in all groups (normal control, model, venlafaxine hydrochloride, and Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl. (100, 50, 25 mg·kg−1) dose groups).

Results

Our results revealed that the scores of horizontal and vertical movements in the open field experiment were significantly decreased in the model group compared to the normal control. Besides, the expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus and cortex were significantly decreased in the model group compared to the normal control. On the other hand, treatment with Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl significantly improved depressive behavior and increased the expression of BDNF and receptor TrkB in the hippocampus and cortex of rats compared to model group.

Conclusion

Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl. demonstrates potential antidepressant effects, possibly mediated by the upregulation of BDNF and TrkB expression, highlighting its neuroprotective properties.
3D Printed Film Containing Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Leaves Extract for Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Applications
Authors: Pham Uyen Thu , Tran Toan Quoc , Hoang Bich Thi , Le Nhung Hong , Ta Duc Hong , Nguyen Nga Thi , Nguyen Xuan Mua , Phuong Phuong Thao Lai , Nguyen Duong Thanh , Pham Dung Thuy Nguyen
Published: January 2025

Background: Macroporous gels containing essential oil (EO) from Cinnamomum bejolghota have emerged as promising materials for biomedical applications due to the combinatory benefits of a highly porous structure and the bioactive properties of natural extracts. Objectives: Therefore, this study develops a 3D printed macroporous gel incorporating EO from C. bejolghota leaf extract by using freeze-thaw method to create interconnected pores. Methods: The gel samples were prepared by mixing agar with the EO at various concentrations (50, 100, and 200 µmol/L) and freezing at −20 °C to form the porous network. The as-synthesized gel was subjected to SEM and FTIR analysis, then investigated for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Results: The SEM images revealed that the pore sizes ranged from 1 to 2 µm, with the successful integration of EO. Specifically, the macroporous gel sample containing C. bejolghota leaves EO at 200 µmol/L (Agar/EO200) exhibited the most significant antibacterial action against E. coli and S. aureus, as indicated by inhibition zones radius of 6.3 ± 0.26 mm and 8.7 ± 0.94 mm, respectively. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity of Agar/EO200 achieved 86.01% ± 0.43 nitric oxide (NO) inhibition, which outweighed other samples. Conclusion: These results suggest that the macroporous gel holds great potential as a multi-functional material for wound healing and other biomedical applications.
Phytochemical Investigation and Antioxidant Activity of Millettia extensa Against Mushroom Tyrosinase Enzyme: Molecular Insight into Skin Care Products
Authors: Pandey Bipindra , Yadav Ram Kishor , Subedi Laxman , Sapkota Biswash , Baral Manoj , Jha Prabhat Kumar , KC Sindhu , Panta Sushil
Published: January 2025

Background

Crateva unilocularis, Millettia extensa, and Plumbago zeylanica are commonly used traditional medicinal plants in Nepal for treating various skin ailments.

Objectives

The ethanol extracts of these plants were analyzed for qualitative and quantitative phytochemical content, antioxidant potential, and anti-tyrosinase activity.

Methods

The Folin-Ciocalteu technique was used to measure the total phenolic content, and the aluminum chloride method was used to assess flavonoid content.In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated via 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhyrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assays. A mushroom tyrosinase inhibition assay was employed to assess anti-tyrosinase activity. Molecular docking was performed using the tyrosinase enzyme (PDB ID: 2Y9X) for the five selected phytoconstituents of Millettia extensa.

Results

The ethanolic extract of Millettia extensa leaves exhibited high concentrations of phenolic compound (273.85 ± 4.05 mg GAE/g dry extract weight) and flavonoids compound (1787.35 ± 0.22 mg QE/g dry extract weight). The roots of Plumbago zeylanica showed the highest levels of DPPH and NO radical-scavenging activities, with percentages of 95.83% and 43.83%, respectively. Similarly, the stem bark of Crateva unilocularis showed notable H2O2 radical scavenging activity (67.81%). Millettia extensa root bark demonstrated the most potent tyrosinase inhibition activity (99.31 ± 0.16), comparable to the standard drug Kojic acid (99.56 ± 0.08). Molecular docking corroborates the in vitro anti-tyrosinase activity, with isoauriculatin and auriculatin demonstrating the highest binding affinities of −9.9 and −9.7 kcal/mol, respectively, compared to Kojic acid (−5.6 kcal/mol).

Conclusion

These findings highlight the significant tyrosinase inhibitory potential of Millettia extensa root bark, suggesting further exploration of its cosmetic application and safety evaluation.
Outcomes of Atrioventricular Septal Defect Repair: Two-Institutions, 10-Year Experience in Cordoba, Argentina
Authors: Juaneda Ignacio , Pizzulli Lucca , Ferrari Paula , Molinas Rodrigo , Diaz Juan , Azar Irma , Allub Alejandro , Juaneda Ernesto , Louis James St , Peirone Alejandro , Kathy Jenkins
Published: January 2025

Background

Outcomes following surgical repair of atrioventricular septal defect have improved over the last decades. Global mortality for repair of this defect is approximately 3.5%. We describe contemporary surgical outcomes from two institutions in Argentina.

Material and Methods

A retrospective two-institution review was performed of patients operated on for atrioventricular septal defect (partial, transitional, and complete) at Hospital Privado Universitario de Cordoba and Hospital de Niños Cordoba, from January 2014 to December 2023. We analyzed demographic characteristics, operative data, mortality, and outcomes.

Results

One hundred and ten patients were operated for atrioventricular septal defect: There were 78 patients with complete atrioventricular septal defect, 10 with partial atrioventricular septal defect, and 22 with transitional atrioventricular septal defect. Mean age and weight at operation were 1.17 year (range 0.04-13 years) and 7.53 kg (2.8-55 kg), respectively. For the complete atrioventricular septal defect subgroup, surgeries with the modified single patch technique had shorter cardiopulmonary bypass times when compared with the two patch technique (95.6 vs 139.7 min, respectively, P < .001). Hospital mortality was 4.5% (5 of 110 patients), all with complete atrioventricular septal defect operated with the double patch technique. Mean follow-up of the entire cohort was 57.4 months (1-118 months). Five patients underwent a reoperation at a mean time from the first operation of 14.4 months (6-24 months).

Conclusions

Atrioventricular septal defect surgical repair was successfully achieved in different ages and anatomical subtypes in most patients. Complete atrioventricular septal defect had higher mortality when compared with other subgroups. Our review shows similar outcomes following repair of atrioventricular septal defect compared with an international aggregate in a resource-limited practice.
The Impacts of Extreme Heat Days on the Prevalence of Domestic Abuse
Authors: Le Kien
Published: January 2025

The escalating global temperature, attributed to climate change, has drawn extensive attention due to its far-reaching socio-economic consequences. This study investigates the relationship between extreme heat days and the prevalence of domestic abuse, shedding light on an underexplored dimension of social dynamics. Leveraging comprehensive data from Demographic and Health Surveys and Global Historical Climatology Network, the study utilizes a fixed effects regression framework that capitalizes on the distinctive spatial and temporal variations in temperature patterns and establishes a positive relationship between prolonged exposure to extreme heat and various forms of domestic abuse against women. In summary, each additional day where maximum temperature surpassing 35 degrees Celsius throughout the year, in comparison to the local norm, results in a 0.52%, 1.22%, 0.32%, and 1.26% rise in the composite indices of moderate physical abuse, severe physical abuse, psychological abuse, and sexual abuse, respectively, relative to sample averages. The findings not only advance our understanding of the societal ramifications of climate change but also inform intervention strategies aimed at mitigating the potential escalation of domestic abuse in the context of global warming.
Can Artificial Intelligence Technology Help Achieving Good Governance: A Public Policy Evaluation Method Based on Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Xu Zhinan , Liu Zijun , Luo Hang
Published: January 2025

Addressing the challenge of accurately evaluating public policy performance in response to citizens’ diverse needs remains a significant issue in governance. Traditional methods of public policy evaluation often lack responsiveness and precision, hindering the ability of governments to achieve good governance. The introduction of a public satisfaction index into policy evaluations can drive governments to proactively address these challenges. This paper proposes a systematic and applicable online public opinion index system, utilizing artificial neural networks and big data, to enhance the accuracy and timeliness of public policy evaluations. Guided by the theory of three elements of attitude in social psychology, the index system captures the public’s attraction to specific policies, their stance, and emerging issues during policy promotion. By leveraging empirical data and a deep learning model based on convolutional neural networks (CNN), the model achieves a high accuracy of 93.40%, surpassing most comparable models. This approach offers a more scientific basis for improving government decision-making and policy performance.
Super “Soul” Parties: Building Civic Inclusion Through Fandom
Authors: Gent Whitney , Sauter Emily
Published: January 2025

Despite a widespread belief that sports can build community and help lift people out of violence and poverty, scholars have yet to establish a definitive relationship between marginalized communities and sports fandom as a pathway to social inclusion. In this study, we examine publicity surrounding a series of “Super Soul parties,” Super Bowl parties for people experiencing homelessness, to show how sports fandom can be rhetorically positioned to create a sense of belonging. We argue that Kay’s use of the Super Bowl is a strategic utilization of sports as a tool for rhetorically creating 1) visibility, 2) legibility, and 3) dignity. However, we also find this strategy is tenuous; over time, Super Soul parties’ housed attendees revert from seeing homeless people as fans to understanding them as others in need of service. For sports fandom to successfully provide dignity and inclusion, advocates must find ways to avoid reinscribing traditional service hierarchies.
Effects of Different Cooling Processes on the Structure and Properties of Aluminum/Steel Composite Plate
Authors: Zhu Yufei , Jiang Runwu , Yu Chao , Wu Yuhua , Xiao Hong
Published: January 2025

The aluminum (Al)/steel transition joints used in ships are processed from composite plates, and their mechanical properties have a significant impact on the safety of ships. In this paper, the Al/steel composite plate was prepared using rolling, with 5083 aluminum plate as the cladding plate, Q235 steel plate as the substrate, and TA1 titanium (Ti) plate and DT4 pure iron (Fe) plate as the intermediate layers. The heterothermic billet was prepared through induction heating by the magnetic effects of the steel plate and the pure Fe plate, and then the Al/steel composite plate was obtained by rolling. The impacts of post-rolling cooling process on the microstructure and properties of the Al/Ti/pure Fe/steel composite plate were studied. The results manifested that the pure Fe/steel interface had a good composite effect. With the increase in the cooling rate, the bonding strength of the Al/Ti interface was raised, and that of the Ti/Fe interface was increased first and then decreased. When the oil cooling process was adopted, the Al/Ti/pure Fe/steel composite plate exhibited the highest comprehensive performance. The shear strength of the Al/Ti interface and the Ti/Fe interface was 102 MPa and 186 MPa, respectively. The plastic fracture was determined as the mode of interface fracture.
Transferability of bioprocessing modes for recombinant protease production: from fed-batch to continuous cultivation with Bacillus licheniformis
Authors: Kittler Stefan , Müller Fabian , Elshazly Mohamed , Wandrey Georg Benjamin , Klein Tobias , Daub Andreas , Spadiut Oliver , Kopp Julian
Published: January 2025

Background

Proteases are essential in various industries due to their unique substrate specificities and robustness in different operational conditions. Bacillus strains consist of a genotype favorable for rapid growth whilst secreting enzymes extracellularly, thereby simplifying recombinant protease production. Despite the widespread use of batch and fed-batch fermentations for their ease and robustness, these cultivation types are often marred by significant energy requirements and prolonged downtimes. The switch towards continuous cultivation methods promises reduced carbon footprints and improved equipment efficiency. Yet, research focusing on Bacillus strains is limited, therefore we aimed to establish a continuous cultivation as a competitive alternative to fed-batch.

Results

Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential of chemostat cultivations for producing a protease from Bacillus licheniformis utilizing a derepressed induction system, and comparing specific productivities and space-time yields to fed-batch cultivations. The continuous cultivations were described in a hybrid model, considering the effect of productivity as function of the applied dilution rate as well as the generation time. The workflow of this study demonstrates that screenings in a fed-batch mode and chemostat cultivations conducted at the same growth rate, result in different specific productivities for derepressible systems.

Conclusion

The results of this study highlight that the feeding rate’s impact on specific productivity varies significantly between fed-batch and chemostat cultivations. These differences suggest that fed-batch screenings may not be adequate for developing a continuous process using a derepressed promoter system in B. licheniformis. Although the space-time yield of fed-batch cultivations has not been surpassed by stable continuous operations—achieving only a third of the highest space-time yield observed in fed-batch—valuable mechanistic insights have been gained. This knowledge could facilitate the transition towards a more sustainable mode of cultivation for industrial protease production.
Assessment of ABCDE approach knowledge among residents and interns in multiple Egyptian hospitals, a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rakab Mohamed Saad , Zaid Ahmed B. , Hamadein Malak Abbas , Hamadein Salma Abbas , Ashour Mahmoud Abd Elgawad , El-Shamia Alaa Samir , Mostafa Dina Ayman , Rateb Rahma Mogahed , Elashry Marwa Abdelrahman , El-Badawy Mennat-Allah Mostafa , Shaheen Rehab Shaheen Bahram
Published: January 2025

Background

The Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Exposure (ABCDE) approach is crucial in emergency care, but there may be variability in adherence among healthcare professionals. Inconsistent application of this approach may lead to variations in patient care quality and outcomes. Identifying the factors influencing adherence can help improve training to ensure more effective application across emergency settings. This study explores the theoretical knowledge of the ABCDE approach among Egyptian resident doctors and medical interns.

Methods

An online survey was conducted in Egypt targeting resident doctors and medical interns. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26 and Excel, descriptive statistics and association tests were used to measure the relationship between knowledge and demographic factors.

Results

The study included 422 medical residents and interns, with most in university hospitals. The average knowledge score of 59.1% exposed specific gaps in understanding, emphasizing deficiencies in 12 questions answered by less than 50%. Notably, 49.5% acquired ABCDE knowledge from medical school, while 28.2% had ALS/BLS courses. Encouragingly, 91.2% expressed willingness for life support training. Statistical analyses unveiled significant associations between knowledge scores and both medical practice settings and sources of ABCDE knowledge. Surgeons exhibited the lowest knowledge scores among participants, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions across specialties.

Conclusion

This study addresses a critical gap in ABCDE approach knowledge among Egyptian resident doctors and medical interns. The study points to the need for focused education, especially for surgeons, to improve emergency care skills and patient outcomes through continued training.
Trypsin-instructed bioactive peptide nanodrugs with cascading transformations to improve chemotherapy against colon cancer
Authors: Wu Can , Zhang Xiao Wei , Wang Manman , Sun Jinpan , Chen Jianfei , Guan Yanbin , Pang Xin
Published: January 2025

Chemotherapy remains an effective treatment for colon cancer but is hampered by its limited response rate. Bioactive peptides, marked with intracellular transformations, have been reported as an effective approach to boosting chemotherapeutic activity. Herein, a promising trypsin-responsive bioactive peptide-based nanodrug is constructed, which could significantly prolong the drug retention time in vivo by cascading transformations and improve chemotherapeutic efficacy. Initially, 1-Pept co-assembles with Dox into a few nanofibers called 1-Pept/Dox NFs, inducing an enhanced cellular uptake via caveolae-mediated endocytosis by avoiding lysosomal degradation and further promoting perinuclear transportation, thus enlarging the drug efficacy in target areas. After nanofiber disassembly, the released 1-Pept converts into Pept under the catalysis of intracellular overexpressed trypsin, which then reassembles into denser Pept NFs, inducing a cascade of effects including disruption of the cytoskeleton, mitochondrial dysfunction, and activation of caspase-3. By the synergism of Pept NFs and Dox, caspase-3 can be further activated, and cause greater damage to nuclear, thereby leading to tumor ablation. As the first example of employing trypsin-mediated nanodrugs with cascading transformations to promote chemotherapeutic activity, this work promises a strategy for novel therapies for efficiently combating colon cancer.

Graphical Abstract
Attitudes of radiologists and interns toward the adoption of GPT-like technologies: a National Survey Study in China
Authors: Xia Tianyi , Zhang Shijun , Zhao Ben , Lei Ying , Xiao Zebin , Chen Bingwei , Zha Junhao , Yu Yaoyao , Wu Zhijun , Lu Chunqiang , Tang Tianyu , Song Yang , Wang Yuancheng , Ju Shenghong
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To investigate the attitudes of Chinese radiologists or interns towards generative pre-trained (GPT)-like technologies.

Methods

A prospective survey was distributed to 1339 Chinese radiologists or interns via an online platform from October 2023 to May 2024. The questionnaire covered respondent characteristics, opinions on using GPT-like technologies (in clinical practice, training and education, environment and regulation, and development trends), and their attitudes toward these technologies. Logistic regression was conducted to identify underlying factors associated with the attitude.

Results

After quality control, 1289 respondents (median age, 37.0 years [IQR, 31.0–44.0 years]; 813 males) were surveyed. Most of the respondents (n = 1223, 94.9%) supported adoption of GPT-like technologies. Based on the acceptance level of GPT-like technologies, the respondents were 3 (0.2%), 29 (2.2%), 352 (27.3%), 677 (52.5%), and 228 (17.7%) from low to high acceptance degrees. Multivariable analysis revealed significant associations between positive attitudes towards GPT-like technologies and their acceptance: writing papers and language polishing (odds ratio [OR] = 1.99; p < 0.001), influence of colleagues using such technologies (OR = 1.77; p = 0.007), government regulation introduction (OR = 2.25; p < 0.001), and enhancement of decision support capabilities (OR = 2.67; p < 0.001). Sensitivity analyses confirmed these results for different acceptance thresholds (all p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Chinese radiologists or interns generally support GPT-like technologies due to their potential capabilities in clinical practice, medical education, and scientific research. They also emphasize the need for regulatory oversight and remain optimistic about their future medical applications.

Critical relevance statement

This study highlights the broad support among Chinese radiologists for GPT-like technologies, emphasizing their potential to enhance clinical decision-making, streamline medical education, and improve research efficiency, while underscoring the need for regulatory oversight.

Key Points

The impact of GPT-like technologies on the radiology field is unclear.

Most Chinese radiologists express the supportive adoption of GPT-like technologies.

GPT-like technologies’ capabilities at research and clinic prompt the attitude.

Graphical Abstract
New or poorly known Neocomitidae (Ammonitina, Ammonoida) from the lower Hauterivian sedimentary series of the Jura platform and the Vocontian trough (France and Switzerland)
Authors: Pictet Antoine , Bulot Luc Georges
Published: January 2025

The Hauterivian type region and more widely the Jura mountains were investigated for their ammonites of the family Neocomitidae. Three rare lower Hauterivian genera are described here: (i) a more detailed description of Haroella charcensis Bulot, Pictet, Frau & Bryers, 2024 is given, which was identified in historical collections of ammonites from the Jura mountains, originating from a phosphatic conglomerate dating from the local Leopoldia buxtorfi Horizon and making it the oldest representative of the genus; (ii) Lyticoceras subhystricoides (Kilian & Reboul, 1915) from the Eclépens quarry is currently being revised as Theodorites cf. theodori Baraboshkin and Mikhailova, 2006; (iii) the new genus Jurienella is introduced for “Breistrofferella” peyroulensis Atrops, Autran & Reboulet 1996, previously known only to a few Provençal sections, in SE France. The stratigraphic position of the Jura specimens raises questions about the age of this taxon, as well as the phyletic link between the genera Bresitrofferella Thieuloy, 1971 and Acanthodiscus Uhlig, 1905. The Haroella-Theodorites lineage is presently considered to be separate from the Lyticoceras-Cruasiceras lineage. The Haroella-Theodorites lineage seems to originate from, or to be closely allied to the late Valanginian species Distoloceras hystrix (Phillips, 1829) sensu Neumayr & Uhlig, genotype of Distoloceras.
Early discharge and international air transport of a traveler with exacerbating comorbidities and pneumomediastinum: a case report
Authors: Akimoto Miho , Saeki Soichiro , Kiyomoto Yuki , Takeshima Hirosane , Higuchi Naofumi , Mori Takako , Osanai Yasuyo , Hinohara Chihaya , Inagaki Takeshi
Published: January 2025

Background

Air transport for medically complex patients presents unique challenges, particularly without specific guidelines for conditions such as pneumomediastinum or medical devices like peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC lines). Although organizations such as the Aerospace Medical Association (AsMA) and the International Air Transport Association (IATA) provide general recommendations for medical air travel, these guidelines often lack the precision required to address such complex clinical scenarios. Consequently, healthcare teams frequently face difficult decisions under constraints of time and resources, navigating the interplay of patient safety, autonomy, and logistical considerations.

Case presentation

This case involves a 30-year-old American woman with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and a recent history of pancreaticoduodenectomy, who was hospitalized in Japan with cellulitis and incidentally diagnosed with pneumomediastinum. She was treated with intravenous antibiotics and central venous nutrition administered via a PICC line. However, she requested an early discharge to return to the United States for family and financial reasons. Her travel insurer declined coverage, citing potential risks associated with pneumomediastinum. Ultimately, the patient discharged herself against medical advice; the PICC line was removed, and she transitioned to oral antibiotics for her journey home.

Conclusion

This case highlights the complexities of patient preferences, medical risks, and insurance limitations when evaluating air travel safety. The absence of specific guidelines for conditions such as pneumomediastinum and the use of medical devices highlights the need for condition-specific protocols. Effective communication and customized documentation, including modifications to the "Against Medical Advice" form proved essential in addressing both patient autonomy and the responsibilities of healthcare providers.
A preoperative misdiagnosis case: report of an enormous solitary fibrous tumor at the anterior skull base
Authors: Kong Shiqi , You Jingliang , Wang Yapeng , Yan Jingbo , Muhammad Sajjad , Zhang Rui
Published: January 2025

Background

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is an uncommon spindle cell neoplasm primarily observed in the pleura. Instances of intracranial solitary fibrous tumors are exceedingly rare. Achieving accurate preoperative diagnosis remains challenging. This report aims to enhance the understanding of this rare disease, shedding light on diagnostic intricacies, and therapeutic considerations.

Case presentation

Herein, we present a case involving an enormous SFT situated at the anterior skull base, initially misdiagnosed as meningioma. Comprehensive scrutiny of preoperative images, intraoperative observations, pathological analyses, and subsequent treatment strategies is detailed.

Conclusion

Intracranial SFT, frequently misdiagnosed radiologically as meningiomas, may originate in the subarachnoid region, emphasizing the necessity of surgical resection and the potential benefit of postoperative radiotherapy to enhance treatment efficacy.
Environmental enrichment with nylon gnaw sticks introduces variation in Sprague Dawley rat immune and lower gastrointestinal parameters with differences between sexes
Authors: Wulczynski Mark , Brooks Stephen P. J. , Green Judy , Matias Fernando , Kalmokoff Martin , Green-Johnson Julia M. , Clarke Sandra T.
Published: January 2025

Background

Environmental enrichment (EE) is commonly included as an important component of animal housing to promote well being of laboratory animals; however, much remains to be learned about the impact of chewable forms of EE on experimental outcomes in the context of nutritional and microbiome-related studies, and whether outcomes differ between sexes. In the present study, nylon chew bones (gnaw sticks, GS) were evaluated for their effects on fermentation profiles, microbial community structure, and cytokine profiles of gastrointestinal and systemic tissues in pair-housed female and male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.

Results

Food consumption and weight gain were not significantly altered by access to GS. Cecal short-chain fatty acid and branched-chain fatty acid profiles significantly differed between sexes in rats with access to GS, and alpha diversity of the microbiome decreased in females provided GS. Sex-related tissue cytokine profiles also significantly differed between rats with and without access to GS.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that including GS can influence microbiota and immune-related parameters, in a sex dependent manner. This shows that environmental enrichment strategies need to be clearly reported in publications to properly evaluate and compare experimental results, especially with respect to the use of chewable EE in the context of studies examining diet, microbiome and immune parameters.
Leukemic cells infiltrate the ovaries without damaging ovarian reserve in an acute myeloid leukemia mouse model
Authors: Abazarikia Amirhossein , Luan Yi , So Wonmi , Becker Michelle , Panda Sipra , Swenson Samantha A , Kosmacek Elizabeth A , Oberley-Deegan Rebecca E , Xiao Shuo , Hyde Ricia Katherine , Kim So-Youn
Published: January 2025

Leukemia is one of the most common cancers in prepubertal girls and adolescents, with advances improving survival rates. However, treatments like chemotherapy and radiation are highly gonadotoxic, often causing ovarian insufficiency, early menopause, infertility, and endocrine disorders. Fertility preservation for young female cancer patients, especially prepubertal girls without mature germ cells, relies heavily on ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Yet, a major concern is the potential presence of leukemic cells within preserved tissue, posing a risk of reintroducing malignancy upon grafting. Additionally, the direct effects of leukemia on ovarian function remain unclear.

In this study, we used an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) mouse model to explore leukemia's impact on ovarian function. Leukemic cells infiltrated the ovaries, particularly the stromal regions and granulosa layers of antral follicles, while also being present in the spleen and liver. Despite this infiltration, ovarian structure, follicular counts, and primordial follicle reserves were largely preserved, with the notable absence of corpus luteum indicating impaired ovulation. Furthermore, leukemic infiltration induced inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and COX-2, potentially influencing ovarian health.

These findings suggest opportunities for fertility preservation by selectively removing leukemic cells, though risks of malignancy remain. This model offers a platform for advancing fertility-preservation strategies during gonadotoxic cancer therapies.
Quality and Quantity of Physical Activity Resources in the Mississippi Delta
Authors: Holmes Megan E. , Summerlin Peter , Smith Masey , Macali Ian C. , Buys David R.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Environmental characteristics such as public parks and recreation areas play a critical role in physical activity (PA) participation. This study examined the quality of PA resources (PARs) in the Mississippi Delta region.

Methods

As part of a community-based participatory research project, community coalitions identified 27 priority PAR intervention locations. The Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA) instrument was used to assess PA-related features (e.g., baseball fields), amenities (e.g., benches), and incivilities (e.g., auditory annoyance) at each PAR, which were rated using a scale ranging from 1 to 3. Quality of features, amenities, and incivilities at each PAR were also evaluated. Quality of PAR index scores (QPAR) were calculated for each location by summing the quality scores for features and amenities and subtracting the incivility score. Correlation analyses were used to examine the relationship between quantity and quality scores for all aspects of the PARA and QPAR for each location.

Results

The mean number of PA features at each location was 2.5 (range, 0–5), whereas the mean number of amenities was 5.8 (range, 1–16). QPAR was positively associated with number of PA features (r = 0.512, P < 0.05), quality of PA features (r = 0.606), number of amenities (r = 0.775), and quality of amenities (r = 0.396), and significantly (P < 0.05) inversely related to number (r = −0.559) and average rating (r = −0.476) of incivilities. Quantity of PA features was associated with quantity of amenities (r = 0.520, P < 0.05), but not incivilities. Quantity of incivilities was inversely associated with average quality of PA features (r = −0.527, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

PARs in the rural Mississippi Delta region do not have many PA features, but locations with more features tended to have more amenities, which may be useful for engaging communities for usage. Interventions should capitalize on existing PA features with strategic additions that further engage the community.
Mental Health Consequences of Correctional Sentencing
Authors: Bhuller Manudeep , Khoury Laura , Løken Katrine V.
Published: January 2025

Understanding whether and in what situations correctional sentencing improves or exacerbates defendants’ mental health conditions is important for the design of criminal justice policies. We combine detailed Norwegian data on visits to health care professionals with quasi-experimental designs to measure the impacts of correctional sentences on mental health-related visits. Our causal evidence shows that rehabilitation-oriented sentencing can improve defendants’ mental health conditions. We find that these effects are persistent and unlikely driven by shifts in health care demand. We interpret these findings in light of the rehabilitative focus of the Norwegian correctional system. (JEL I12, I18, K42)
Profit Taxation, R&D Spending, and Innovation
Authors: Lichter Andreas , Löffler Max , Isphording Ingo E. , Nguyen Thu-Van , Poege Felix , Siegloch Sebastian
Published: January 2025

We study how profit taxes affect establishments’ R&D activities. Relying on detailed panel data of R&D-active firms in Germany over two decades, we exploit identifying variation induced by more than 10,000 municipal changes in the local business tax rate and federal tax reforms with locally varying effects. Using event-study techniques, we find a sizable, negative effect of profit taxes on establishments’ total R&D spending and patents filed. Zooming into the innovation production process, we uncover substantial heterogeneity in the impact of profit taxation for various R&D input factors, among firm characteristics, and for different types of research projects. (JEL D22, G32, H25, H32, H71, O31, O34)
Conhecimentos e prática clínica do fisioterapeuta intensivista sobre cuidados paliativos
Authors: Alves Rayane Fabricio , Brito Thais Bernardo Monteiro , Braide Andréa  Stopiglia Guedes , Morais Marcus César  Silva de , Viana Márcia Cardinalle Correia
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: conhecer a abordagem de fisioterapeutas intensivistas em pacientes adultos sob cuidados paliativos, elencando as principais dificuldades encontradas na tomada de decisão ao paciente em paliação. Métodos: estudo de campo transversal e descritivo, de caráter quantitativo, realizado no período de novembro de 2023 a outubro de 2024, com fisioterapeutas intensivistas de hospitais públicos e privados na cidade de Fortaleza. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário online viabilizado pela plataforma Google Forms. Os dados foram tabulados em planilha Microsoft Excel® 2016 e, posteriormente, transferidos para o SAS 9.4 M7, SAS Inc para condução da análise estatística. Resultados: participaram 85 fisioterapeutas, 87,1% do gênero feminino. Apenas 14,1% dos participantes possuem formação ou especialização em cuidados paliativos. Todos os participantes identificaram o conceito correto de cuidados paliativos. A maioria (84,7%) informa a existência de equipe de cuidados paliativos na instituição em que trabalha, e 44,7% dos participantes informaram que o fisioterapeuta faz parte dessas equipes. Quando questionados sobre a atuação do fisioterapeuta em cuidados paliativos, 42,4% mencionaram a extubação paliativa, seguida pela tomada de decisão terapêutica (38,8%). Para a maioria (96,5%), o objetivo principal da fisioterapia é identificar as necessidades e metas do paciente, além dos problemas que afetam sua funcionalidade. Conclusão: a principal dificuldade enfrentada pelos fisioterapeutas é a retirada de procedimentos de suporte à vida e a falta de consenso nas decisões dentro da equipe, destacando a importância da formação complementar em cuidados paliativos para melhorar os resultados para pacientes e familiares.s.
Exploring the Role of Tranexamic Acid in Dermatology: A literature Review
Authors: Górska Aleksandra , Gniaź Natalia , Grela Wiktor , Niewiadomska Jagoda , Furtak Daria , Tulej Dawid , Marko Natalia , Dziedzic Alicja , Marciniuk Dominika , Głogowska Paulina
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a synthetic plasmin inhibitor primarily used in treating bleeding disorders. However, its use in dermatology has gained increasing attention. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties and ability to inhibit tyrosinase activity, tranexamic acid has emerged as a promising agent for treating pigmentary disorders and inflammatory skin conditions.
Purpose
This review aims to identify and summarize the current applications of tranexamic acid in dermatology, including its mechanisms of action, effectiveness, and safety in treating common conditions such as melasma, hyperpigmentation, rosacea, psoriasis, angioedema, and in scar and discoloration therapies.
State of Knowledge
An analysis of the existing literature highlights the growing interest in TXA’s dermatological applications. Clinical studies suggest that tranexamic acid effectively reduces hyperpigmentation and mitigates inflammation in rosacea cases. However, several studies exhibit limitations related to sample size and methodology, underscoring the need for further, more detailed research.
Conclusions
Tranexamic acid shows promising therapeutic potential in dermatology, particularly for pigmentary and inflammatory disorders. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of TXA and its therapeutic potential, which could lead to the development of novel treatment strategies in dermatology.
Technical Note: On Dynamic Pricing with Covariates
Authors: Wang Hanzhao , Talluri Kalyan , Li Xiaocheng
Published: January 2025

The study On Dynamic Pricing with Covariates introduces novel methods for setting prices when key market factors, or covariates, vary over time. Although most existing literature assumes these factors follow a fixed distribution, the authors show such assumptions are unnecessary for achieving near-optimal pricing strategies. They provide new pricing algorithms with upper regret bounds that match lower regret bounds (up to a logarithmic factor)—even when covariates exhibit no fixed statistical pattern. In particular, the analysis underscores how these algorithms can efficiently adapt to changing market conditions, enabling businesses to continuously optimize their pricing strategies. In addition, the paper extends these results to a constrained scenario with limited, nonreplenishable inventory, unveiling how a variation metric quantifies the effect of temporal shifts in covariates on pricing performance. Numerical experiments validate the practicality of these algorithms. By relaxing common statistical assumptions, this research offers a more flexible approach for data-driven dynamic pricing solutions.
A Meta-Systematic Review of the Conceptual, Methodological, and Reporting Quality of Systematic Reviews of Research on Educational Leadership and Management in Africa
Authors: Onwuegbuzie Anthony J. , Sabates Ricardo
Published: January 2025

Formal publications in the area of educational leadership and management (EDLM) can be traced back more than a century. The 1950s saw the emergence of reviews of these EDLM works. Unfortunately, these reviews were limited because they were not systematic. Sometime after the establishment of the Campbell Collaboration as the standard for systematic reviews in the social sciences in 2000, scholars began conducting systematic reviews of the EDLM literature, including the African EDLM literature. However, little is known about the quality of this latter corpus of systematic reviews. Therefore, in this article, a systematic review of systematic reviews — a meta-systematic review — was conducted on the African EDLM literature. This meta-systematic review revealed 42 systematic reviews. The quality of these reviews was assessed using Hallinger’s analytical rubric for conducting systematic reviews, which led to the identification of strengths and weaknesses of these reviews, as well as a set of exemplary reviews. These findings offer actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners by highlighting the need for targeted training and resources to improve systematic reviews' conceptual, methodological, and reporting quality, thereby enhancing their utility for evidence-based decision-making and educational policy development.
An Intervention to Reduce Occupational Health Risk from Antibiotic Resistant Pathogens Among Dairy Farm Workers
Authors: Chao Olivia , Shutske John , Gonzalez Elsie , Veeser Danielle , Diaz Vallejo Emily , Sethi Ajay , Goldberg Tony , Kates Ashley , Knobloch Mary Jo , Leite de Campos Juliana , Ruegg Pamela , Safdar Nasia , Steinberger Andrew , Suen Garret , Young Amanda
Published: January 2025

Highlights

This intervention utilized the Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behavior to address the knowledge and social barriers that increase dairy farm workers’ risk to antimicrobial-resistant infections.

Dairy farm workers gained a significant increase in knowledge of the 8 desired outcomes, related to occupational health skills that reduce risks, from our intervention.

Limited time was a major barrier as to why dairy farm workers felt like they could not make behavioral changes that would reduce their occupational health risk.

Dairy farmworkers showed a strong likelihood of making workplace health-related behavioral changes, but their intention to change was weaker in areas of personal antibiotic stewardship.

Abstract. This study focused on developing and evaluating an educational intervention designed to mitigate occupational health risks associated with pathogens and antibiotic-resistant bacteria among dairy farm workers. Data collected from farms and workers as part of a larger umbrella project that focused on dairy farm antibiotic use for cows and calves were used to inform elements of the Health Belief Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior, leading to eight intervention outcomes. The intervention targeted increased knowledge and promoted behavioral changes related to worker and workplace hygiene best practices, PPE use, biosecurity, and personal antibiotic stewardship. Educational materials included instructional videos, fact sheets in English and Spanish, and supplementary printed material, including illustrated take-home points, content summaries, and posters. The intervention was conducted with 32 workers from five dairy farms, using pre- and post-intervention assessments to measure knowledge gains and behavioral intentions. Results demonstrated statistically significant increases in knowledge across all targeted outcomes (p-value = .001), with most participants showing a high willingness and likelihood to implement recommended behaviors related to their workplace exposures and best practices. However, participants indicated a greater reluctance to change around issues of personal antibiotic stewardship. Time constraints were the most significant and most consistent barrier to behavior change. The study highlights the importance of ongoing research and refinement of intervention strategies to address barriers and enhance protective practices among often underserved farmworkers in agriculture. These intervention strategies contribute to improved occupational health outcomes with benefits to public health by reducing the spread of antibiotic-resistant infections to the broader population. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, Dairy farmworkers, Educational intervention, Infectious disease, Occupational health.