bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Preparation of Liposome-Encapsulated Paprika Red and its Improved Light Irradiation Stability
Authors: Shi Xian He , Chen Meng , Wu Yan Wen , Ouyang Jie
Published: September 2013

Investigations were carried out to optimize ultrasonic-assisted preparation of liposome-encapsulated paprika red. The effect of process variables namely the ratio of soybean lecithin to paprika red, solvent volume, cholesterol content and sonication time was evaluated using single-factor test and response surface method (RSM). The liposomes showed significant effect on the improvement of light irradiation stability of paprika red, and the stability was greatly improved when antioxidants such as tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) or dl-α-tocopherol were introduced. The optimal ingredient for liposome-incorporated paprika red was 0.1% dl-α-tocopherol supplemented, in which 32.3% paprika red remained from degradation after light irradiation for 9 h with the intensity of 4000 lux, comparing with 0% that of the control.
Catalytic Oxidation of o-chlorotoluene to o-chlorobenzaldehyde by Vanadium Doped Anatase Mesoporous TiO2
Authors: Yang Sheng Chun , Wang Jia Qiang
Published: September 2013

A novel method for the catalytic oxidation of o-chlorotoluene (OCT) to o-chlorobenzaldehyde (CBD) was proposed using vanadium doped anatase mesoporous TiO2 (V/MTiO2), the catalytic reaction conditions were investigated. Under the optimum catalytic reaction conditions: 10 mL of acetic acid 100 °C of reaction temperature, 10 h of reaction time and 100 mg of catalyst, the conversion rate of OCT could reach to 95.3%, with a selectivity of 63.5%.
Phylogeny Analysis and Adaptive Evolution of rbcL Gene in Lilium
Authors: Xiong Yong , Zhao Chun Yan , Yang Qing Song
Published: September 2013

Rbcl gene of 13 Lilium species were amplified, sequenced and analyzed. By comparing the rbcL sequences with 32 other species retrieved from GenBank, the sequence divergences and the phyletic evolution were analyzed and the phylogenetic tree was constructed. All rbcL sequences across 45 species are 732 bp with an average GC content of 45.1%. Potentially parsimony informative characters (PIC) are 39. From the phylogenetic tree, it can be found that it consists of three branches which are Liliaceae Lilium (I), other Liliaceae genus (II), Trilliaceae and Palmae (III).3D model was structured by homology comparative SWISS-Model online and showed with RasTop sofeware.The evolutionary analyses from the site-specific model, the 142nd and 225th codon sites are found to be under positive selection in rbcL gene.
The Study of Different Plastic Films on Grape Storage Property in Modified Atmosphere Packages
Authors: Zhu Dan Shi , Liang Jie Yu , Tao Zhen , Cao Xue Hui , Meng Xian Jun , Li Jian Rong
Published: September 2013

The effects of plastic film variety (including OPP, CPP, PP6, PP12, PO, HDPE and LDPE) on the changing of O2 and CO2 content were investigated during the preservation storage of kyoho grape with modified atmosphere package (MAP). The gas composition was mainly affected by grape respiration rate and the permeability of packaging film. The results showed that OPP, CPP, and PP12 could be better for maintaining the desired atmosphere composition of O2, CO2 and N2 on grape preservation. OPP, CPP, and PP12 contributed greatly to restrain grape respiration rate and extend the shelf life of grape and would be more suitable for grape preservation as modified atmosphere package.
Catalytic Synthesis of Isoamyl Acetate Catalyzed by (NH4)6[MnMo9O32]•8H2O Supported Activated Carbon with Waugh Structure
Authors: Xu Mei , Yuan Hua , Liu Wei , Wang Jian , Yang Feng Zhen
Published: September 2013

The synthesis of isoamyl acetate with ammonium 9-molybdate manganese heteropolyacid salt supported activated carbon as catalyst was studied. The optimum reaction conditions are obtained as follows: isoamyl alcohol to acetic acid molar ratio = 1.646, the weight of catalyst is 40% of total weigh, m (acidulate catalyst)=0.2g, m (water carrying reagent toluene) = 3ml, reaction time is about 63 minutes. Selectivity is 100% and conversion rate is 89.48%.
Research on the Experiment Effect of Two-Phase Anaerobic Baffled Reactor Treatment Craft
Authors: Jing Ling , Wang Xin Xia
Published: September 2013

This paper presented Low investment and low running cost Two-phase Anaerobic Baffle Treatment Craft for living wastewater treatment, it designed Two-phase anaerobic reactor and carried out a successful launch and Experiment research. The results are as follows: 1. The experiment uses the start method that by shortening HRT to raise the load, after 53 days completes experiment start.2. By the analysis of HRT to the system effect, suggest that the best HRT is 6 h when the craft processes sewage. 3. The system clean rates of the total nitrogen and total phosphoric are respectively 21.05% and 20.1%.4. The temperature has an influence on clean effect of the system, when the temperature descends from 20 °C to 10 °C, system clean rate of average COD descends from 87.1% to 52.4%. 5. Reactor VFA and PH measurement results express that the craft could circulate stably and efficiently.
The Crystallization of Struvite by Recycling Poly-Phosphate Released from Sewage Sludge after Thermal Treatment
Authors: Zhang Ming Yang , Hao Ai Min , Kuba Takahiro
Published: September 2013

Because of the shortage crisis of phosphorus element and environmental problems caused by excess discharge of phosphorus compounds into nature water bodies, phosphorus recovery had been research hotspot. Poly-phosphate (poly-P) released from sewage sludge after thermal treatment could be recovered successfully as magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) commonly known as struvite in present study. This phenomenon was the first time to be found in phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge. The parameters affected struvite formation with poly-P had been tested. Poly-P indicated better characteristics in phosphorus recovery compared with ortho-phosphate (Pi) because it can be precipitated at lower pH condition even neutral condition, with less addition of magnesium element.
The Resolusion of Ethyl (S)-Nipecotate and the New Synthesis of Ethyl-1- (2-Thiopheneacetyl)-3-Piperidine Carboxylate
Authors: Sun Xiao Xia , Li Ying Chun , Zhuang Xiao Xiao , Hu Yu
Published: September 2013

The optically pure ethyl nipecotate is an important drug intermediates. It was used for a variety of synthesis of APIs and pharmaceutical intermediates. In this paper we launched a study of the split of ethyl nipecotate. An efficient resolution of (±)-nipecotic acid has been achieved by the fractional crystallization with good yield and high enatio. The compound (S)-ethyl-1-(2-thiopheneacetyl)-3-piperidine-carboxylate is an investigational immune potentiating agent targeting direct stimulation of immune cells, useful for the prevention of infectious diseases in livestock.
Pyrolysis Characteristics of Pine Powder and Polyvinyl Chloride of Municipal Solid Waste in Thermogravimetric Analyzer
Authors: Meng Hai Yu , Wang Shu Zhong , Chen Lin , Zhao Jun , Wu Zhi Qiang
Published: September 2013

The pyrolysis characteristics of pine powder and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), respectively representing the biomass and plastics components of municipal solid waste, were studied in a thermogravimetric analyzer, and the influence of heating rate on pyrolysis characteristics was also investigated. The pyrolysis temperature was heated from ambient up to 900 °C at different heating rates including 10, 20 and 40 °Cmin-1. The pyrolysis of pine powder was composed of two obvious weight loss phases, which were dehydration and the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose. The lignin in pine powder decomposed over a broad temperature range until 900°C. The pyrolysis of PVC was complicated, and included the release of hydrogen chloride (HCl), the formation of hydrocarbons. Besides, the additives in PVC decomposed at about 600 °C. The TG and DTG curves of pyrolysis for pine powder and PVC were similar at different heating rates, however, each weight loss phase of pyrolysis was shifted to high temperature with increasing the heating rate.
An Experimental Study on Desalination Brine for Electrolytic Chlorination
Authors: Long Xiao , Liu Ke Cheng , Zhang Li Jun , Nie Xin
Published: September 2013

A power plant in Hebei province aimed to use sodium hypochlorite as fungicide for the circulating water in its seawater electrolysis system by recycling desalination brine. The feasibility of this process was intensively studied using water quality analysis, electrochemical corrosion tests, and dynamic simulation tests. The results showed that this process is more efficient than that using seawater and would not aggravate the corrosion problem that is present in the current system. Scale produced by the electrolysis can be completely removed by acid-washing.
Effects of Exogenetic Ferrite on Removal of Toluene in Sediments from a Typical Coastal Wetland
Authors: Han Jian Gang , Dou Long Shuai , Jing Yu Jing , Zhao Gang , Zhu Yong Li
Published: September 2013

Ferrite material is a kind of special ferromagnetic mental oxide with Fe3+ as a main component. Based on the assumption that the reduction of Fe3+ and the magnetic variations could produce potential active impacts on degradation of organic pollutants under anaerobic conditions, we took water and sediment samples from Chongming east intertidal flat, a typical coastal wetland, to investigate the effects of exogenetic addition of ferrite on the removal of toluene in sediments during an 11-day incubation. Ferrite (Fe12O19·Sr, M.W. 1061.75, Nanosized spherical material 800 nm, the purity >98%) was added into sediment samples by proportions of 0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 g/kg with 0.0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 ml/kg toluene, respectively. It is found that the rate of toluene removal is the highest when the ferrite added is 10.0 g/kg with toluene recovery rates of 0.24%, 20.79%, 30.36% for treatments of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 ml/kg toluene addition by the end of 11th day of incubation, respectively. In contrast, the recovery rates are 1.85%, 50.05%, 55.68%, respectively, when ferrite content rises to 20.0 g/kg. In addition, all toluene recovery rates are less than 2% after 11 day incubations under the condition of 0.2 ml/kg toluene, indicating that the removal rate of toluene depends on the contents of toluene in sediments. In summary, it confirm that application of exogenetic ferrite material can effectively enhance the removal of toluene from the sediment.
Treatment of Alkaline Waste Water Generated by the Hydrolysis of Rice Husk
Authors: Zemnukhova Ludmila A. , Arefieva O.D. , Kovshun Anastasia A.
Published: September 2013

This article shows the results of research on finding ways to purify waste water produced by alkaline hydrolysis of rice waste - rice husk. Two methods were used: baromembrane filtration and electrochemical oxidation of organic substances. It was found that in the results of baromembrane processing of hydrolyzate on the membranes mainly stay silicon compounds partially sorbing organic substances contained in the feedstock. Through the membranes there pass the major part of microbiologically oxidated organic matter, so its difficult to reach the required waste water treatment stage. The use of electrochemical oxidation of organic substances extracted by alkaline hydrolysis of rice husks into a solution allows more qualitatively treat the solution. A range of indicators (chemical oxygen demand, permanganate demand, polyphenols) evaluating the content of organic compounds in the desilicated solution showed that in order to remove them effectively enough electrolyte concentration of sodium chloride is 4 g L-1, formed by the desilication and dilution of the solution with the distilled water 1:10.
Effect of pH on Advanced Treatment of Mid-Stage Pulping Effluent with Potassium Ferrate
Authors: Lan Shan Hong , Chen Rui , Ma Ping , Lan Hui Xia , Wang Yong Dong
Published: September 2013

The effects of pH on the advanced treatment of mid-stage pulping effluent with potassium ferrate were studied. Firstly, the effect of pH on the stability of the potassium ferrate solution was studied, which indicated that potassium ferrate was more stable in alkaline conditions than in acidic and neutral conditions, and the most stability was achieved at pH of 9-10. Then the effect of pH on the mid-stage pulping effluent treatment with potassium ferrate showed that the oxidation increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of the pH. The best treatment efficiency was at pH=4, under which COD removal efficiency reached 40%. The flocculation experiment was conducted using Fe3+ produced by the oxidation reaction as flocculant and PAC as extra flocculant and PAM as coagulant aid. Effect of pH on the flocculation process was studied, which showed that the flocculation effect first increased and then decreased with pH increasing. When pH was 9, COD removal efficiency reached 60%. The final effluent of COD concentration was less than 60mg/L, which met the requirements from the national first-order discharge standard.
The Adsorption Behavior of Modified Peanut Shells for Cr (VI)
Authors: Jiang Yi Hua , Jiang Xin Long
Published: September 2013

The adsorption of Cr(VI) by modified peanut shell has been investigated using chemical methods and IR spectrometry. The optimal condition for the adsorption of Cr(VI) by modified peanut shell is at 308 K and pH = 1.0, which gives a static saturated adsorption capacity of 14.15 mg·g-1, an apparent adsorption rate constant of k298 = 2.43 × 10-4 s-1, and an apparent adsorption activation energy of 10.58 kJ·mol-1. The adsorption follows the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and the liquid film diffusion is the controlling process of the adsorption. The adsorption thermodynamic parameters are ΔH = 125.58 kJ·mol-1, ΔS = 0.473 9 kJ·mol-1·K-1, ΔG = -17.81– -27.27 kJ·mol-1. Small amount of desorption is observed only at pH > 11. Adsorption mechanism of modified peanut shells for Cr(VI) was both physical adsorption and chemical adsorption of adsorbent "adsorption-oxidation and reduction processes".
Particle Residence Time Distribution of Collection Zone in Packed Flotation Column
Authors: Zhang Li , Ding Yi Gang , Ji Jun , Yang Chang Yan , Wu Yuan Xin
Published: September 2013

In order to make a further understanding of flow pattern and back mixing in the flotation process, the study about particle residence time distribution of collection zone in a packed column has been designed. The pulse tracer method was applied and the particle tracers were the mineral gangue in special size class. The residence time distribution curves of our experiment data shows that there are particle back mixings which were caused by fluid flow and geometry factors in the column. The tank-in-series model has a better fitting to the particle residence time distribution in the column according the comparison research between the tank-in-series model and axial dispersion model. The operation parameters have different effects on the particle residence time distribution according to our experimental study.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of of Novel Anticancer Agent tert-butyl 1-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-2(9H)-carboxylate
Authors: Shi Biao , Wang Yi Qian , Yang Yao , Yu Peng , Lu Kui
Published: September 2013

Indole and its derivatives extensively exist in nature, which showed a wide range of biological activities. Recently, there is a growing tendency to develop some new methods for the synthesis of novel indole derivatives and to study their biological properties. In this paper, we would like to report the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel series of tricyclic indoles by employing Pictet-Spengler reaction as key step. All the target compounds were synthesized in four steps in 68-78% overall yield, which were characterized by 1H-NMR spectrum. All this new compounds were tested in an MTT assay on HepG2 and K562 and HT-29. Two of them showed tumor cell growth inhibitory good activity.
The Preparation of Aniline Formaldehyde Condensate-Mesoporous Materials Compound and the Application in Adsorption of Zn(II) and Pb(II) in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhu Ze Yang , Meng Xiang Guo , Yin Hai Xu , Meng Min Jia , Han Juan , Wang Yun , Chen Rui
Published: September 2013

The amine aldehydes resin-mesoporous materials complex AFC-SBA-15 was synthesized using ordered mesoporous materials SBA-15 as the carrier. The obtained compound was characterized by FT-IR,N2adsorption-desorption and scanning electron microscopy. The compound retained ordered mesoporous structure and the resin polymer coated inside channels and outside surface hole wall. The adsorption behavior was carried out with the presence of EDTA in binary components of Pb (II) and Zn (II). The result showed that with the presence of EDTA, tunable selectivity could be realized.
Treatment of Oily Wastewater by Photocatalytic Degradation Using Nano Fe-TiO2
Authors: Gao Yan Hua , Chen Ying , Wang Zhen Xi , Wang Xi Lian
Published: September 2013

The present study aimed at investigating the preparing nanotitania by sol-gel method and nanoFe-TiO2 oxidation system for the treatment of oily wastewater. Reaction conditions were optimized concerning TiO2 type, the dosage of Fe-TiO2 and pH. The efficiency of oil removal and COD removal were ascertained and optimum process conditions for stable and effective operation were determined. Under the optimum conditions of Fe-TiO2 1 g/L and pH 6.0, the process of UV/Fe-TiO2 achieved removal efficiencies of oil and COD as 98.1% and 98.5%, respectively. Thus, this technique could be used as a treatment for oily wastewater.
UV Photodegradation and Anaerobic Digestion of MB Dye
Authors: Apollo Seth , Onyango Maurice S. , Aoyi Ochieng
Published: September 2013

Ultra-Violet (UV) photocatalytic degradation and anaerobic digestion (AD) were applied in the treatment of methylene blue (MB) dye. South African natural zeolite was used as a catalyst support and biomass support in the photocatalysis and AD process respectively. It was found that UV photocatalysis pre-treatment of MB dye before the AD process improved its biodegradability. This resulted in higher biogas production coefficient compared to the non-UV pre-treated MB dye.
The Evaluation of the Environmental Effects Made by New Technology: An Empirical Study of Urban Sewage-Treatment Intelligent-Control Technology
Authors: Lou Yan , Guo Yang Yang , Huang Lu Cheng
Published: September 2013

The rapid development of new technologies has met people's growing material and cultural needs, and exerted a huge influence on environment simultaneously. People are increasingly concerned about which influences the new technologies existing and being developed can exert on environment in the future, as well as how to control these influences. In order to determine new technologies' impact on the environment, the Fuzzy Analytic Decision Making Theory is applied to build the index system about environmental effects of new technologies, and evaluate environmental effects of urban sewage-treatment intelligent-control technology. The study finds that urban sewage-treatment intelligent-control technology exerts positive effects on water environment and energy-savings, particularly on water environment; and for the other two environmental factors: the carbon-emissions and solid-waste, the negative effects are slight.
Chemical Constituents of Saxifraga umbellulata
Authors: Yang Ai Mei , Wu Rui , Li Jian Yong , Guo Wei Jie
Published: September 2013

Five compounds were isolated from the EtOAC extract of Saxifaga umbellulata. The structures of these compounds were elucidated as: β-sitosterolpalmitare (1), 5α, 8α-epidioxy-(22E-24R)-ergosta-6, 22- dien-3β-ol (2), 3, 7, 11, 15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol(3), Loliolide (4), Altertoxin I (5). These compounds were identified on the basis of comparing their NMR datas with those of corresponding compounds in the literature.
Study on Catalytic Degradation of Diesel Pollution in Seawater by Laccase
Authors: Zheng Xu , Yu Xiao Cai , Liu Yun Qing , Xv Xiao , Chen Jin Fang
Published: September 2013

Sea water joining diesel was selected to prepare simulated marine oil pollution. With the target of removing diesel from seawater, the influence of various factors on the laccase-catalyzed degradation process was discussed. The experimental results show that the laccase-catalyzed degradation process was significantly affected by laccase dosage, reaction temperature, reaction time, pH of the solution and initial concentration of diesel in the oily wastewater. A systematic optimization study was carried out through a orthogonal test on the basis of the results of the single-factor experiments,and the optimum reaction conditions of laccase catalytic degradation diesel pollutants in seawater was determined. The results indicate that under the conditions of diesel initial concentration of 0.1g/L, laccase dosage of 8mg/L, pH value of 6, the reaction temperature of 25°C and the reaction time of 4h, laccase catalytic degradation rate of diesel pollution can be up to 63.85%.
Rapid Determination of Copper and Iron in Ore Leaching Solution by Iodometry
Authors: Zhou Cheng Ying , Qu Wei
Published: September 2013

This paper provides a pretreatment method for ore leaching solution by adding an agent level of hydrogen peroxide. Pretreatment temperature, agent level of hydrogen peroxide and pretreatment time were investigated. The results show that relative standard deviation of copper or iron in ore leaching solution determined by iodometry is less than 1.00% with good accuracy and precision under the following conditions: pretreatment temperature of 60°C, agent level of hydrogen peroxide 1.0mL, pretreatment time of 30 minutes. This pretreatment process is simpler, faster, easier to control, and less environmental pollution comparing with the traditional pretreatment.
Determination of Cobalt in Fertilizer by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Authors: Qi Jia Lin , Qi Jia Rui , Wang Zhao Kun , Yang Gui Peng , Wang Chong Lin
Published: September 2013

Recently determination of harmful elements in fertilizer has been paid growing attention. The determination method of cobalt in fertilizer by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (WD-XRF) is developed. The calibration samples are made of blank compound fertilizer to simulate the matrix. The sample covered with microcrystalline cellulose is pressed at 35t for 60s, and cobalt content is determined by WD-XRF. This method has a good repeatability and accuracy with the linearity in the ranges of 0-2000mg/kg. The relative standard deviation is not more than 2.0%. The results obtained from WD-XRF and ICP-AES showed an acceptable agreement. 43 fertilizer samples are collected from 18 countries and determined. The cobalt contents are all not more than 13mg/kg.
Residue Determination of Prometryne and Acetochlor in Soil and Water by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Tan Wei , Liu Dan , Li Bin , Gao Yun Tao , Fan Ya , Wang Hong Bin
Published: September 2013

A new method has been developed to detect the residues of the binary mixed pesticides of prometryne-acetochlor in soil-water system by high performance liquid (HPLC). The study compared two pre-treatment ways: direct injection and solid-phase extraction. The results showed that the method of direct injection is better than that of solid-phase extraction. In the linear from 0.35 μg·mL-1 to 15 μg·mL-1 of prometryne-acetochlor, the correlation coefficients for prometryne and acetochlor were 0.9993 and 0.9999, and the limits of quantification were 0.011 μg·mL-1 and 0.106 μg·mL-1 respectively. The recoveries ranged from 91.2% to 109.7% with the relative standard deviations of 0.42% -0.78%. This method provides a dependable approach to determine the residues of prometryne and acetochlor in the soil-water system.
Effect of Clay Minerals and HA on Sorption of Fluoranthene to Surface Sediments
Authors: Xu Xiao Yi , Ji Yu , Hu Dan , Li Bo Jiao
Published: September 2013

Several surface sediment samples (JL1, JL2, YZ1~YZ3) were collected from different sites of Yangtze River and Jialing River in Chongqing downtown area. Sorption behavior of fluoranthene (Fluo), one of the typical PAHs, onto humic acid (HA) extracted from the samples and the effect of the clay minerals (Kaolinite and Montmorillonite) on sorption performance of Fluo were carried out. The results showed that addition of clay minerals was significantly enhanced Fluo adsorption properties of sediments. Montmorillonite gave a better enhancing performance than Kaolinite. The adsorption effects of the inorganic minerals of the sediment for Fluo could not be neglected. The unit Freundlich model was applied to describe the adsorption isotherms of HA samples to Fluo. The modified coefficient of Kf ́ were in order: YZ2>JL2>YZ1>YZ3>JL1. The adsorption performance was comparatively highly correlated with the polarity of HA, element contents and characteristics of functional groups.
The Benzoin Condensation Reaction in the Presence of the Ultrasonic
Authors: Xiao Cong Li , Su Yu Jun , Li Hui
Published: September 2013

This text will lead to a new phase transfer catalyst ultrasonic reaction and affected the condition of benzoic condensation reaction. From this research we found that when the reaction temperature is 60-65 °C, pH is 9.5, ultrasonic time is 70 minutes, benzyltriethylammonium chloride is 0.45g, and the benzoin yield is 68.9%.
Purification of Polyether Polyols with Low Unsaturation
Authors: Ma Wei Hua , Zhong Qin
Published: September 2013

The purification of polyether polyols with low unsaturation was studied. The removal effect of residual double metal cyanide in the polyols by the methods of adsorption and precipitation-filtration is characterized by the residual concentration of the zinc and cobalt ions which is measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). Compared with precipitation-filtration, the method of adsorption was more practical and efficient for the purification of the polyols. And the optimum kind and amount of the adsorbent were obtained. The results showed that the combination of chelating fiber and attapulgus clay was the most favorable for the removal of zinc and cobalt ions and the appropriate weight ratio of chelating fiber and attapulgus clay was 1:1. The total concentration of zinc and cobalt ions can be reduced to lower than 1×10-6. And the amount of the adsorbent added was 3.33% by the weight of the polyether polyols. And through Scanning Electron Spectroscopy (SEM) the morphology of the chelating fiber was characterized before and after adsorption.
Enhancing Cold Flow Property of Biodiesel Derived from Cottonseed Oil
Authors: Chen Xiao Ling , Chen Xiu , Cai Ling Ling , Lai Yong Bin , Sun Ya Li , Chen Lei , Jin Xin , Hu Jia Min
Published: September 2013

The chemical compositions of cottonseed oil biodiesel (CSME) are analyzed by using the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The cold flow properties of CSME is studied by cold filer plugging point (CFPP) tester and crystallization mechanism of biodiesel, three approaches for enhancing cold flow properties of CSME are put forward: crystallization fractionation; blending with winter petrodiesel; and treating with cold flow improver (CFI) additives. A significant correlation model is proposed for predicting CFPP by CSME blending ratio. The study shows that the CSME is mainly composed of saturated fatty acid methyl esters (SFSMEs): C14:0~C24:0and unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (UFAMEs): C16:1~C22:1, C18:2and C18:3. The mass fraction of SFAME and UFAME is 32.12 and 66.19%, respectively. The CFPP of CSME is 6 °C. Crystallization fractionation and blending with-10PD decrease the CFPP of CSME to-1 °C and-12 °C, respectively. Adding Flow Fit, Flow Fit K and T818 additives 1.5 v% decreases the CFPP of CME and CME/-10PD to 0 and-26 °C, respectively. This study has effectively enhanced cold flow properties of CSME and provides technical support for using CSME.
Effect of Reaction of NaOH and Daqing Crude Oil on Oil/Water Interfacial Properties and Emulsion Stability
Authors: Jiang Jian Fang , Lin Mei Qin , Xu Xue Qin , Li Ming Yuan , Dong Zhao Xia
Published: September 2013

The oil/water interfacial properties and the stability of the emulsion of ASP flooding in Daqing Oilfield were investigated with the measurement of interfacial tension, interfacial shear viscosity,Zeta potential and turbidity of the oil/water system. The results show that, after NaOH has reacted with Daqing crude oil for a long time, the interfacial tension between the aqueous phase and Daqing model oil decreases. The absolute value of the Zeta potential of the surface of oil droplets increases. The changes of the interfacial shear viscosity between the aqueous phase and the oil phase do not appear to be obvious. The stability of O/W emulsion formed by Daqing model oil and the aqueous phase is enhanced. After NaOH has reacted with crude oil for 1d, the interfacial tension between oil phase and simulated water, Zeta potential and the stability of the oil/water emulsion become higher than that of the emulsion without NaOH. However, after NaOH has reacted with crude oil for 10 d and 30 d, respectively, the interfacial tension between oil phase and simulated water, Zeta potential and the stability of the O/W emulsion are lower than that of the emulsion with the same reaction for 1d.
Investigation on Synthesis Conditions of Silicon-Doped Hydrotalcite-Like Compounds
Authors: Wang Lei , Xiao Peng
Published: September 2013

In this paper, SiMgAl hydotalcite synthesis conditions were investigated using co-precipitation method, within a relatively stable pH environment of 8~9. Our research, analysis and discussion focused on the effects of major factors, such as material molar ratio ,silicon content and aged condition, on the structures of synthetic products. To achieve stable and accurate data, synthetic products were characterized by XRD and IR under the identical conditions. As shown in the results, it is suggested that the best Crystallization temperature is 70°C, molar ratio of Mg to Al is 3:1, and the best content of Silicon is 0.015mol/mol.
Ultrasonic-Assisted Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil Using Adsorption of Homogeneous Catalysts over Solid Sodium Silicate
Authors: Krongtanin Passawron , Petiraksakul Anurak
Published: September 2013

Biodiesel is an alternative energy resources, which produced from transesterification of oils and alcohols using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Ultrasonic was used as pre-mixer for KOH, Na2SiO3, palm oil and methanol before increasing the reaction temperature to 60°C using a water bath. All experiments were conducted at a molar ratio of methanol:oil of 6:1, reaction time of 60 min, reaction temperature of 60C and well mixing. The suspension was filtered after the end of the reaction. Purified biodiesel was obtained by water washing processes after crude biodiesel was separated from glycerol by 2 hr standing in a separating funnel. Filter solid cake was instantly used as supporter in next batch of the reaction. Effects of four variables, namely, pre-mixing period in the range of 0-10 s, number of filter cake recycle (2-4 cycles), sonicator power (10-90% of max. power of 200 watt and 20 kHz) and amount of KOH addition (0.25-0.75 g) were investigated. Response surface methodology was employed to evaluate and optimize the biodiesel production processes using Na2SiO3adsorbed with KOH as catalyst. The design of experiment was carried out using the MINITAB RELEASE 16 and a result of 31 experiments was suggested to be made. The result showed the optimum condition of pre-mixing period of 14 s, the number of catalyst recycle to be 2 cycle, sonicator power of 36.3%and KOH addition of 0.3 g.
Adsorption Kinetics of Nickel Etioporphyrin on VTB-Asphaltene in N-Pentane Solution
Authors: Chen Fei Fei , Xu Zhi Ming , Sun Xue Wen , Zhao Suo Qi
Published: September 2013

It is important to find out how to strengthen the interaction between nickel porphyrins and asphaltene in the alkane solvents of the low molecular weight for raising the removal rate of nickel in the solvent deasphalting process. Therefore, the adsorption kinetics, which describes how the nickel etioporphyrins are adsorbed on asphaltene (the vacuum residue of Canadian oil sands bitumen (VTB)) in the n-pentane solvent, are investigated. The results show that a certain amount of nickel porphyrins is absorbed on the asphaltene of VTB, which means there is a certain adsorption between asphaltene and nickel porphyrins. The adsorption rate is affected by the dosage of asphaltene, the concentration of the n-pentane solution containing nickel porphyrins and the temperature. A comparison in the four kinds of kinetic models on the overall adsorption rate shows that adsorption process can be perfectly described by the pseudo second-order equation.
Roles of the Porosity and Surface Oxygen Groups on the Adsorption of Methane on Coals
Authors: Hao Shi Xiong , Yu Zu Xiao , Liu Xing Yong
Published: September 2013

One bituminous coal was modified with H2O2, (NH4)2S2O8 and HNO3 respectively, to prepare coal samples with different surface properties. The oxygen groups on coal surface were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The textures of the coal samples were investigated by N2 adsorption at 77 K. The methane adsorption behaviors of the coal samples were measured at 303 K in pressure range of 0-5.3 MPa by a volumetric method. The methane adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir model. It was observed that there was, in general, a positive correlation between the methane adsorption capacity and the SBET of coals while a negative correlation between methane saturated adsorption capacity and the Ototal/Ctotal. The methane adsorption capacity was determined by the coal surface chemistry when the microporosity parameters of two samples were similar. Coal with a higher amount of oxygen surface groups, and consequently with a less hydrophobic character, had lower methane adsorption capacity.
Screening the Potential Oleaginous Yeast Strains for Lipid Accumulation on Glycerol, a By-Product from Biodiesel Production
Authors: Riengsilchai Aksorn , Siramon Pornpun , Punsuvon Vittaya
Published: September 2013

In this work, glycerol, a by-product from palm oil-biodiesel plant, was used as an alternative substrate for cultivating oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula glutinis (R. glutinis). Three R. glutinis strains were selected to compare the biomass production and lipid accumulation potencies namely, NBRC 0695, NBRC 1099 and NBRC 1501. The results found that R. glutinis NBRC 1099 was identified as the best lipid accumulation strain among the three strains tested, with a total biomass of 0.17 g/L and a lipid content of 40.80% at 24 hours when using the concentration of glycerol in the medium at 30 g/L. Furthermore, the optimization of cultivation conditions for the best oil producing strain obtained was evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM). A 5-level 2-factor central composite design (CCD) was used to build the statistical model. The optimum cultivation conditions for R. glutinis NBRC 1099 found in this study was: the glycerol concentration in the medium (34.14 g/L), the inoculum volume (1.6 mL; 4.5 x 107 cell) and incubated at 30°C for 24 hours. This optimum condition gave 43.65% of the lipid content. Five fatty acids were found in the lipid produced from this condition namely, myristic acid (0.72%), palmitic acid (19.64%), stearic acid (54.59%), oleic acid (19.44%), linoleic acid (2.04%) and linolenic acid (3.56%).
The Study on a Triple-Base Propellant Preparation and Combustion Performance
Authors: Chen Ming Lei , Ji Dan Dan , Liao Xin
Published: September 2013

In order to improve the combustion performance of the nitroguanidine triple-base propellant and optimize its preparation technology, used the half solvent method to prepare a series of propellant samples with different solvent ratios, and used the close bomb experiment and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and other experiments to study the combustion performance and shrinkage rate. Results show that with the same formula but different solvent ratios, the internal structure and the shrinkage rate of the triple-base propellant were quite different, the solvent ratio 0.34 propellant’s combustion performance is quite good, and its formula was the best recipe.
Coating Treatment of Mg Powders and their Water Reaction Characteristics
Authors: Guo Xiao De , Li Feng Sheng , Bian Gui Zhen , Liu Guan Peng
Published: September 2013

Double-coated Mg powders with a chloride and a polymer such as HTPB(hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene),NC(nitrocellulose),PVB(polyvinylbutyral) were fabricated by physical vapor deposition and solvent evaporation,respectively.The influence of the addition and the species of the first and second coating agents on the water reaction characteristics was investigated. The results show that both the hydrogen release during the reaction with water and the reaction rate increases distinctly with the increase of the chloride.Compared with those of the raw Mg powders and Mg powders coated with the chloride, the initial reaction temperature of the double-coated Mg powders increases to different extent.Moreover,the initial reaction temperature has an increase trend with the increase of the addition of coating agents.
Improvement of Low Temperature Properties of Jatropha-Corn Biodiesel Blend with the Addition of Acrylic Co-Polymer
Authors: Yun Ho May , Ahmad Junaid , Yusup Suzana , Kamil Ruzaimah Nik Mohammad , Chok Vui Soon , Tzeng Lim Mook
Published: September 2013

Inevitable low temperature properties is one of the major problems in commercialization of pure biodiesel. Increasing the usage of edible oil in biodiesel production creates the fuel versus food controversy. This paper involves the study of cold flow properties of edible and non-edible oils biodiesel. Corn biodiesel and jatropha biodiesel are blended respectively. The blend ratio of corn methyl ester and jatropha methyl ester CME: JME (20:80) has the oxidative stability of 6.42 hours and cold filter plugging point value of-2 oC. An additive of acrylic co-polymer as the cold flow improver (CFI) reduced the CFPP value from-2 oC to-6 oC which results in better low temperature properties of corn-jatropha biodiesel blend.
The Development Status Quo of Biofuels
Authors: Zhang Yu Xi
Published: September 2013

Describes the characteristics of biofuels, the latest developments in the biofuel feedstock, focuses on bio-ethanol, bio-diesel, bio-jet fuel development at home and abroad the status quo, the advantages and disadvantages of the development of bio-fuels. And reasonable recommendations for the development of biofuels.
Relation between Appropriative Fuel Capability of Stirling Engine and Accumulated Ash
Authors: Liu Shuang Hong , Wang Kun , Feng Bing
Published: September 2013

On the base of analysis about the capabilities of appropriative fuel, forming mechanism of accumulated ash in private engine firebox and causation that hardly blown away. Result show that the forming of accumulated ash is caused by sublimation of alumina and silicon oxide because blaze center is too close to the insulation apron. Excessive transgression of alumina and aggradation is the causation that accumulated ash was hardly blown away.
Comparison and Analysis on Flue Gas Denitrification Technology in Coal Fired Boiler Retrofit
Authors: Zhang Qian , Ma Rui , Xu You Ning , Shi Jun Rui , Guan Feng Yi
Published: September 2013

The widely used technologies of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR), Non-selective Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) and hybrid SNCR-SCR for coal-fired boiler in China are reviewed. The technical characteristics of different processes and transformation methods are compared. Analysis is made about the advantages of each technology and the major problems in the retrofitting. The proposal for the corresponding problems is presented. Reference is provided for coal-fired boiler denitrification transformation in China.
Energy Consumption Optimization of Petrochemical Industry Chain Based on Circular Economy
Authors: Sun Ren Jin , Wang Hao , Meng Lu
Published: September 2013

The petrochemical industry developed with huge energy consumption and industrial wastes discharge problems. This paper analysis and deals with these problems by using wastes comprehensive utilization model based on circular economy theory and provide suggestions on ways to improve the utilization efficiency of resources, energy and waste, give an optimization process designed as well as resource processing depth by empirical research.
Phase Equilibria and Surface Tensions for MDEA, DEA and their Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Liu Song Tao , Qin Li Guang , Fu Dong
Published: September 2013

The phase equilibira and surface tensions of N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), diethanolamine (DEA) and their aqueous solutions were investigated by using the perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) and density-gradient theory (DGT). The molecular parameters and influence parameter were respectively regressed by fitting to the experimental data of phase equilibria and surface tensions of pure fluids. With the molecular parameters and influence parameter as input, the surface tensions of MDEA, DEA and their aqueous solutions were correlated satisfactorily.
Influence of Iron Oxides on NOx Emission in Coke Combustion
Authors: Chen Yan Guang , Lu Jia , Han Hong Jing , Li Jin Lian , Zhang Jiao Jing , Xu Ting Ting
Published: September 2013

NOx emission in coke combustion with and without iron oxides were investigated in a fixed bed quartz reactor. Effects of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 loading on NOx emission were discussed. NOx emission was also studied by simulating test with recycling flue gas with Fe3O4 modified coke as fuel. The results showed that Fe3O4 was catalytically active in NOx reduction. In coke combustion experiments, NOx emission decreased with increasing Fe3O4 loading up to 2.0wt%, while simulation tests showed that NOx emission decreased by 19.84% with 2.0wt% Fe3O4 modified coke as fuel.
A Simple Procedure for the Esterification and Transesterification Using p-Toluene Sulfonic Acid as Catalyst
Authors: Ren Yi Ming , Wu Zhi Chuan , Yang Ren Chun , Tao Ting Xian , Shao Juan Juan , Gao Ya Guang , Zhang Shuai , Li Long
Published: September 2013

Esterification of carboxylic acids and transesterification of β-ketoesters with alcohols have been developed by using catalytic amount ofp-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) to afford the corresponding esters in good yields.
Influence of La2O3 on NOx Emission in Iron Ore Sintering
Authors: Han Hong Jing , Chen Yan Guang , Xie Cong Hao , Yuan Dan Dan , Chen Ying , Wang Bao Hui
Published: September 2013

NOx emission in coke combustion with and without La2O3 was investigated in a fixed bed quartz reactor. The effects of La2O3 loading and lanthanum oxide particle size on NOx emission were discussed. NOx emission was also studied by sintering pot tests with lanthanum oxide modified coke as sintering fuel. The results showed that lanthanum oxide was catalytically active in promoting not only coke combustion but also NOx reduction. In coke combustion experiments, NOx and CO emission decreased with increasing lanthanum oxide loading up to 2.0wt% and decreasing lanthanum oxide particle size (28~150μm).
Study on DTPMPA as Cooking Additive in Bamboo Pulping
Authors: Gao Hong Xia , Zhang Jing
Published: September 2013

The application of chelating agents DTPMPA (Diethylene Triamine Penta Methylene Phosphonic Acid) as cooking aids in kraft pulping of bamboo was researched. The effect of DTPMPA dosage at different alkali charge was discussed. The results showed that the cooking aids DTPMPA added in bamboo kraft pulping was able to reduce K value of pulp, improve the screened stock yield and brightness and reduce the alkali charge. The optimized bamboo kraft pulping conditions are: DTPMPA dosage 0.4%, alkali charge 19%, when sulfidity was 20%, maximum cooking temperature was 165°C and time at maximum temperature was 90min. Under optimized conditions of cooking, the screened bamboo pulp yield is higher, the K value is lower and the bamboo pulp brightness is higher.
The Effect of Molecular Weight on the Structure and Properties of PAN Precursor
Authors: Lin Xue , Wang Cheng Guo , Yu Mei Jie , Lin Zhi Tao
Published: September 2013

The effect of molecular weight on the structure and properties of PAN precursor was studied by the combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), etc. With the molecular weight increasing, the grooves on the surface become deeper and rougher, the interlayer spacing and crystallite size increase, and the exothermic reaction occurred later. The strength and breaking extension of PAN precursors increase gradually with the molecular weight increasing. The effect of molecular weight is greater than the effect of surface defects on strength for PAN precursor of high molecular weight.
Reed Soda Pulping Modified by Green Liquor Pretreatment
Authors: Sun Yi Jia , Li Hai Ming , Zhou Jing Hui , Sun Guang Wei , Xie Zhang Hong
Published: September 2013

The soda pulping modified by green liquor pretreatment was adopted to explore optimal green liquor pretreatment conditions. Results shows that optimum pretreatment conditions are as follows: max temperature, 130°C; holding time, 90min; wood to liquor ratio, 1:4; and green liquor charge, 0.9L/kg. Pretreated reed was pulped under following conditions: heating-up time, 60min; maximum temperature, 160°C; holding time, 60min; NaOH charge, 20% (pretreatment alkali included). Results shows that this process produces pulp with screened yield of 49.05%, Kappa number of 14.6, and viscosity of 1274mL/g. Compared with the results of industrial simulation pulping (21% NaOH), screened yield increases by 2.14%, Kappa number decreases by 5.6 and viscosity rises by 556 mL/g. Therefore, green liquor pretreatment before soda pulping improves pulp performance and yield. Meanwhile the pretreatment utilizes material effectively, thus has practical significance to decrease alkaline consumption and pulping cost.
Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Tri-n-octylmethyl-ammonium Methyl Carbonate
Authors: Zhang Kui Fang , Cao Zuo Ying , Zhang Gui Qing , Xiao Lian Sheng , Zhou Xiao Zhou
Published: September 2013

The tri-n-octylmethyl-ammonium methyl carbonate was synthesized via a high pressure process with tri-n-octylamine(tri-C8) and dimethyl carbonate(DMC) in the catalysis of tri-n-octylmethyl-ammonium bromine, and its chemical structure was confirmed using FTIR spectroscopic analysis. The influence of reactants molar ratio, reaction temperature, solvent, catalyst and reaction time on the quaternization reaction were examined, and the optimal conditions were that dimethyl carbonate(DMC):tri-n-octylamine(tri-C8)=5.6:1(molar:molar), methanol:tri-n-octylamine (tri-C8)=1:2 (volume:volume), catalysts 5% of the weight of reactant mixtures(materials fraction), reaction temperature 110°C and reaction time 8 h. Under the optimum conditions, the highest conversion rate of tri-n-octylamine(tri-C8) could reach 99.57%. A type of SO42- quaternary ammonium salt was prepared by the reaction between the product and H2SO4, and its properties on extracting vanadium in the feed solution from autoclave-soda leach solution of stone coal was researched, demonstrating that with 8% the type of SO42- quaternary ammonium salt(QAS) and 5% sec-octyl alcohols dissolved in 87% sulphonated kerosene as extractant (volume fraction), the saturated loading capacity for V2O5 reaches 14.32 g/L.
Mercerization and Characterization of Straw Pulp Fibers
Authors: Yin Yan Na , Liu Quan Xiao , Lyu Yu Bin
Published: September 2013

Effects of mercerizing treatment on water-retention value of straw pulp fibers were discussed and the mercerizing treatment conditions were optimized. The best conditions of mercerizing treatment is NaOH concentration of 4mol/L, temperature of 40°C and processing time of 60min. SEM showed that the fiber cell wall swelling increase after mercerization.