bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization and its Temperature Sensitivity Along a Vegetation Restoration Gradient in Subtropical China
Authors: Fang Xiong , Sun Haozhao , Huang Yunpeng , Liu Jundi , Zhu Yulin , Tang Xinghao , Hu Yalin , Yi Zhigang
Published: July 2021

Background and aims Soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization produces important CO2 flux from terrestrial ecosystems which can provide feedbacks to climates. Vegetation restoration can affect SOC mineralization and its temperature sensitivity (Q10), but how this effect is related to soil moisture remains uncertain. Methods We performed a laboratory incubation using soils of different vegetation restoration stages (i.e., degraded vegetation [DS], plantation [PS], and secondary natural forest [SFS]) maintained under different moisture and temperature conditions to explore the combined effects of vegetation restoration and soil moisture on SOC mineralization and Q10. Results We found that cumulative SOC mineralization in PS and SFS were about 11.7 times higher than that in the DS, associated with higher SOC content and microbial biomass. Increased soil moisture and temperature led to higher SOC mineralization in the SFS and PS. However, in the DS, soil moisture did not affect SOC mineralization, but temperature enhancement solely increased (158.7%) SOC mineralization at the 60%MWHC treatment. Furthermore, significant interactive effect of vegetation restoration and soil moisture on Q10 was detected. At the 60%MWHC treatment, Q10 declined with vegetation restoration age. Nevertheless, at the 30%MWHC treatment, Q10 was lower in the DS than that in the PS. Higher soil moisture did not affect Q10 in the PS and SFS, but enhanced Q10 in the DS. Conclusions Our results highlight that the responses of SOC mineralization and Q10 to vegetation restoration were highly dependent on soil moisture and substrate availability, and vegetation restoration reduced the influence of soil moisture on Q10.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy of Serum (1-3)-Beta-D-glucan for Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia Using the Fungitell Assay: Focus on Cutoff Levels
Authors: long wenzhang , xiao kunting , yuan yongqiang
Published: July 2021

PurposeWe conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic performance of various levels of serum (1-3)-Beta-D-glucan(BDG) for Pneumocystis jirovecii(PJ) infection using Fungitell assay.MethodsEMBASE, MEDLINE, and the reference lists of relevant studies were identified up to March 12,2021, with no language restrictions. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models for bivariate analysis. Subgroup analyses were implemented in HIV-positive Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), HIV-negative PJP, and PJP versus colonized patients.ResultsNineteen individual studies that included a total of 2,310 participants met our inclusion criteria. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio(LR+) and negative likelihood ratio (LR−),and 95 % confidence interval CI of serum-BDG were 0.94(95 % CI: 0.89–0.96),0.76 (95 % CI: 0.65–0.85), 3.99 (95 % CI: 2.59–6.13),0.08 (95 % CI: 0.05–0.15), respectively. Futher stratified analysis of diagnostic values showed that various levels of serum BDG differed in sensitivity, specificity, LR+ and LR− in the diagnosis of PJP. Subgroup analyses also indicated that the cutoff value of 200 pg/mL had sufficient diagnostic accuracy in HIV-positive PJP patients versus controls. Moreover, the 80 pg/mL cutoff value had satisfactory diagnostic accuracy in PJP versus colonized patients, a overall sensitivity of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.73-0.93), a overall specificity of 0.82(95% CI,0.73-0.88), a overall LR+ 4.70(95 % CI: 3.11–7.08), and a overall LR−0.17(95 % CI: 0.09–0.34),individually.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis suggests that the optimal positive threshold for serum BDG, tested by the Fungitell assay, requires better definition and clinical validation rather than the recommended cutoff of 80pg/mL by the manufacturer in the diagnosis of PJP. These cutoff values could be further refined in additional studies that focus on populations that are as homogeneous as possible.
Application Effect of Computer-Aided Design Combined with Three-Dimensional Printing Technology in Autologous Tooth Transplantation：A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Han Shuang , Wang Hui , Chen Jue , Zhao Jihong , Zhong Haoyan
Published: July 2021

Background:To examine the effectiveness of computer-aided design combined with the 3D printing technology in autotransplantation of teeth by using retrospective analysis.Methods: We divided 41 tooth autotransplantation cases which assisted by 3D-printed donor models and surgical guides into two groups in accordance with whether the donor tooth could be placed successfully after the preparation of alveolar socket guided by the model tooth. Then, we compared and analyzed the preparation time of alveolar socket, extra-alveolar time, and number of positioning trials of the donor tooth between the two groups. We also included a comparison of the in vitro time of the donor tooth with that of 15 min. The incidence of complications was included in the prognostic evaluation.Results: The mean preparation time of the alveolar socket, mean extra-alveolar time of donor tooth, and mean number of positioning trials with donor tooth of 41 cases were 12.73 ± 6.18 min, 5.56 ± 3.11 min, and 2.61 ± 1.00, respectively. The group wherein the donor tooth cannot be placed successfully (15.57 ± 6.14 min, 7.29 ± 2.57 min) spent more preparation time of alveolar socket and extra-alveolar time than the group wherein the donor tooth can be placed successfully (9.75 ± 4.73 min, 3.75 ± 2.57 min). The number of positioning trials with the donor tooth of the group wherein the donor tooth cannot be placed successfully (3.19±0.75) was higher than that of the other group (2.00 ± 0.86). Conclusions: Compared with the traditional tooth autotransplantation, the introduction of computer-aided design combined with 3D printing of the model tooth and surgical guides evidently shortens the preparation time of the alveolar socket and the extra-alveolar time of the donor tooth and reduces the number of positioning trials with the donor tooth regardless of the shape deviation between the model and actual teeth.
A Novel Dosimetric Metrics-Based Risk Model to Predict Local Recurrence in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Treated With Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy
Authors: M.D. Wenjun , He Jinlan , Liu Zijian , Tian Maolang , Yang Jiangping , Han Jiaqi , Xiao Jianghong
Published: July 2021

Background

To develop a risk model based on dosimetric metrics to predict local recurrence in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients treated with intensive modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).
Methods

493 consecutive patients were included, among whom 44 were with local recurrence. One-to-two propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance variables between recurrent and non-recurrent groups. Dosimetric metrics were extracted, and critical dosimetric predictors of local recurrence were identified by Cox regression model. Moreover, recurrent sites and patterns were examined by transferring the recurrent tumor to the pretreatment planning computed tomography.
Results

After PSM, 44 recurrent and 88 non-recurrent patients were used for dosimetric analysis. The univariate analysis showed that eight dosimetric metrics and homogeneity index were significantly associated with local recurrence. The risk model integrating D5 and D95 achieved a C-index of 0.706 for predicting 3-year local recurrence free survival (LRFS). By grouping patients using median value of risk score, patients with risk score ˃ 0.885 had significantly lower 3-year LRFS (66.2% vs. 86.4%, p = 0.023). As for recurrent features, the proportion of relapse in nasopharynx cavity, clivus, and pterygopalatine fossa was 61.4%, 52.3%, and 40.9%, respectively; and in field, marginal, and outside field recurrence constituted 68.2%, 20.5% and 11.3% of total recurrence, respectively.
Conclusions

The current study developed a novel risk model that could effectively predict the LRFS in NPC patients. Additionally, nasopharynx cavity, clivus, and pterygopalatine fossa were common recurrent sites and in field recurrence remained the major failure pattern of NPC in the IMRT era.
Demographics, Sleep Apnea and Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) Treatment-Related Characteristics Associated with PAP Adherence: A Large Retrospective Community-Based Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Villa Jonathan , Dales Robert , Kendzerska Tetyana
Published: July 2021

Despite many years of research, multiple factors have inconsistently shown to be associated with positive airway pressure (PAP) adherence. We conducted a retrospective observational study to evaluate the association between selected demographics, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) - and PAP treatment-related factors, generally available, and objective PAP therapy adherence.We considered all consented individuals with OSA who purchased a PAP device from a registered vendor (Ottawa, Ontario) between 2011 and 2017 who had usage data available. PAP adherence was measured objectively as PAP use for at least 4 hours on at least 70% of days on treatment. In our cohort, 7,147/11,634 (61.5%) of participants were deemed adherent to PAP. The median percentage of days PAP therapy was used was 82% (IQR: 48-97%), and the median number of days PAP therapy was used for greater than 4 hours was 95 (IQR: 28-372). In multivariable logistic regression considering all variables available, the effect of body mass index, age, and minimum SaO2 at baseline sleep study were significantly associated with PAP adherence.
A Correlation based study using air quality and meteorological parameters for the outbreak of COVID-19 on major affected districts in India
Authors: Gupta Amitesh
Published: July 2021

Air quality is an important factor for human health conditions. Simultaneously, suitable meteorology poses the circumstances for virus transmission. Hence, we investigated both these two important aspects for the COVID-19 pandemic. We correlated the remote sensing based observations of meteorological parameters and air quality parameters with COVID-19 cases from 657 districts all over the country and found that air quality parameters are playing very crucial role along with a few meteorological parameters for this outbreak. We observed that air temperature, and wind speed were significantly and positively correlated with COVID-19 cases but precipitation and humidity were negatively correlated with confirmed cases. Cloudiness had no significant relation in this aspect. Among the air pollutants, O3 was better correlating with COVID-19 cases. AOD representing the particulate matter concentration also significantly correlated with such cases majorly over Indo-Gangetic plain region. The carbon-pollutants CO was also very high over the same region. Though NO2 and SO2 were reduced during lockdown, due to the power generation and mining activities both these gases were quite highly correlated over eastern India region. We noted the eastern and western coastal districts of India and districts from the low-lying plain areas had more cases during this pandemic. Our study suggests that improving air quality with proper strict regulations and complete lockdown during the peak of pandemic could reduce the misfortune in all over India. Hence, the summer season could be susceptible and might pose a gesture of seasonality for this disease.
Vulnerability of Fishery-based Livelihoods to Climate Variability and Change in a Tropical Island: Insights From Small Scale Fishers in Seychelles
Authors: Etongo Daniel , Arrisol Lyn
Published: July 2021

An indicator approach based on six major components and their corresponding sub-components was applied in order to assess community vulnerability of small-scale fishers on Mahe and Praslin Island with the framework of the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI). These major major components include socio-demographic profile, livelihood strategies, food, health, social networks, and natural disasters and climate variability from which questionnaires were designed based on expert judgements. Fisher associations on Mahe and Praslin provided guidance for the selection of fishing households and a total of 80 surveys were completed with 40 from each island. Three shared dialogue workshops (SDWs) were conducted to gather additional qualitative data. A composite index was used to aggregate the data and the LVI-IPCC methodology was applied in the calculation of the contributing factors of the sub-components to the major components and the overall vulnerability was deduced for exposure, adaptive capacity and sensitivity. Results showed that the percentage of fishers’ households that depend mainly on fisheries as a source of income was 95% and 97% for Mahe and Praslin respectively with alternative income streams along the fishing value chain such as transportation, fish mongers and processor. Fishers on Mahe Island had a dependency ratio index that was slightly higher than those on Praslin. Overall, fishing households on Mahe showed greater vulnerability on socio-demographic profile index compared to their counterparts on Praslin. However, greater livelihood diversification was recorded for householders on Mahe than Praslin – an indication that the level of development on the former as the largest island and capital of Seychelles offer greater opportunities for diversification. The SDWs revealed that fishers earned income from tourism-related activities such as guest house, car rental, boat ride, and sales of coconuts. While householders on Mahe struggled to find fish for 3 months during the southeast monsoon season, those on Praslin had just 2 months given that they are granted access to fish in the lagoon during this season. More importantly, the voluntary closure of some fishing zones between the months of November to April on Praslin is a sustainability strategy with an increase in size and number observed for rabbit and parrotfish. Further studies are needed in two key areas as follows: the role of subsidies and sustainable fisheries management, and a value-chain approach to vulnerability of small-scale fishers within the fishery sector in Seychelles.
Low Serum Maresin-1 Levels Are Associated with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Fang Xia , Wang Hongya , Ye Ting , Fu Xiaolan , Tan Xiaozhen , Zeng Yan , Fan Jiahao , Xu Yong
Published: July 2021

Background

Maresin-1 is one of anti-inflammatory pro-resolving mediators, which is considered as a potential regulator of metabolic diseases. However, little information is available on the relationship between Maresin-1 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans. Therefore, this study explored the associations between serum Maresin-1 levels and NAFLD.
Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 240 Chinese people, including 116 non-NAFLD subjects and 124 NAFLD patients. NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. Serum Maresin-1 levels were determined by ELISA. The association between Maresin-1 and NAFLD was assessed.
Results

Serum Maresin-1 levels in NAFLD patients were markedly lower than those in non-NAFLD subjects (63.63 [59.87–73.93] vs 73.11 [65.12–84.50] pg/mL, P = 0.000). The percentages of patients with NAFLD gradually decreased in tandem with increasing quartiles of Maresin-1 (P < 0.001). Furthermore, serum Maresin-1 levels were positively associated with AST/ALT, albumin, Albumin-globulin-ratio, and HDL-C (all P < 0.05) and negatively associated with BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, ALT, GGT, uric acid, TG, and FBG (all P < 0.05) after adjusting for sex and age. We found that serum Maresin-1 levels were significantly associated with NAFLD by binary logistic regression analysis.
Conclusions

Circulating Maresin-1 levels were decreased in patients with NAFLD, and there was a negative correlation between NAFLD and serum Maresin-1 concentrations. Decreased Maresin-1 might be involved in the development of NAFLD.
Rhino-orbital mucormycosis related to COVID-19- A case series exploring risk factors
Authors: Aggarwal Sushil Kumar , Kaur Upinder , Talda Dolly , Pandey Akshat , Jaiswal Sumit , Kanakan Ahalya , Goyal Arpit , Yadav Ramraj , Singh Anshuman , Dhameja Neeraj , Selvaraj Siva , Chakrabarti Sankha Shubhra
Published: July 2021

There has been a surge of rhino-orbital mucormycosis cases in India in the wake of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been widely suggested that dysglycaemia due to diabetes present as a common comorbidity in these COVID-19 patients as well as indiscriminate steroid use has resulted in this surge. Here, we report a series of 13 cases of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients admitted at our center between mid-April and early June 2021. Out of the 13, the only common factor was COVID-19 at some time point before diagnosis of mucormycosis or coexistent with it. The cases showed a male preponderance and four of them showed intracranial extension of disease. Eleven of them had received steroids as part of COVID-19 management protocol and twelve of them had pre-existing or newly diagnosed diabetes. We have summarized other probable risk factors being considered such as immunosuppressed state, antiviral and Ayurvedic (Indian traditional) medications, oxygen therapy, with each of which we could not find a link of mucormycosis. We propose that COVID-19 itself through molecular mechanisms predisposes to mucormycosis, with other factors such as dysglycaemia providing a second hit.
U-Pb age and trace elements composition of titanite from granites of Belokurikhinsky massif, Gorny Altai
Authors: Skublov Sergey Gennadyevich , Mamykina Maria Evgenyevna , Rizvanova Nailya Gaptrahmanovna
Published: July 2021

As a result of isotope-geochemical study, the age data (U-Pb method, ID-TIMS) of titanite from the first phase granites of the Belokurikhinsky granite massif, Gorny Altai, were obtained for the first time. The concordant value of the titanite age of 255 ± 2 Ma coincides within the margin of error with the previously published results of dating micas from granites of the second and third phases of the Belokurikha massif by the Ar-Ar method (250 ± 3 Ma). At the same time, the results of dating differ significantly from the previously published age values for the granites of the Belokurikha massif (232 ± 5 Ma, U-Pb method for the monofraction of zircon grains; 245 ± 8 Ma, Rb-Sr method for the whole rocks). Therefore, there is every reason to narrow the time interval of the formation of the Belokurikha granite massif to 255-250 Ma. The study of the trace element composition of titanite by SIMS demonstrated their zonal structure. The central part of the titanite grain differs from the rim by a noticeably higher content of REE, Cr, Y, and Nb. The content of V, Zr and Ba decreases to a lesser extent towards the rim, the content of Sr and U remains constant. At the same time, the REE distribution spectra in the central and rim parts are conformal to each other, having a convex spectrum for LREE and a concave one for HREE. Titanite is characterized by a negative Eu-anomaly, the depth of which decreases to the rim of the grain. A negative Eu-anomaly indicates the co-crystallization of titanite and plagioclase. The REE distribution spectra in titanite from the Belokurikha massif correspond to the characteristics of a typical magmatic titanite from granitoids and differ significantly from the distribution spectra in metamorphic titanite.
Seasonal variability of sulfate ions in the Volga River water
Authors: Seleznev Vladimir Anatolyevich
Published: July 2021

In the Volga River water, sulfate ions rank second among the main anions in terms of their contribution to water mineralization. To study the seasonal variability of sulfate concentration, an analysis of long-term data of hydrological and hydrochemical observations obtained on the River Volga (in the outlet section of the Kuibyshev reservoir) has been carried out. For the period of 2001-2018 the average annual water consumption in the dam section varied in the range of 6.2-9.0 thousand m3/s, the average annual concentration of sulfates was 55 mg/dm3, the highest - 64 mg/dm3, and the lowest - 45 mg/dm3. The content of sulfates in the reservoir is formed mainly under the influence of the Volga River water coming from the Cheboksary reservoir and the Kama River water coming from the Nizhnekamsk reservoir. The sulfate content is characterized by significant seasonal variability. During the winter low-water period, the highest concentrations of sulfates were observed with a maximum in April, before the beginning of the spring flood (67 mg/dm3). During the flood, the content of sulfates decreased, reaching the lowest values during the summer low-water period in August (44 mg/dm3), and then, from September, the concentration of sulfates gradually increased, reaching 57 mg/dm3 at the beginning of the winter low-water period. Over a long-term observation period, the amplitude of sulfate fluctuations was 34-87 mg/dm3, and its value depended on the water content of a particular year. In dry years, the concentration of sulfates in the water increased, and in dry years, it decreased. In the seasonal context, the main differences in sulfate concentrations in dry and high-water years occurred during the spring flood and winter low-water period, and during the summer - autumn low-water period, the differences became minimal.
Prospects for the introduction of ornamental plants of the genus Sage (Salvia L.) to the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Pereboichuk Oxana , Mashkovska Svitlana
Published: July 2021

Purpose. Analysis of species and varietal diversity of the genus Salvia L. cultivated flora of the world, including Ukraine; prognostic assessment and determination of the directions of ornamental representatives of the genus introduction to the conditions of the Forest-steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. Analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization of information data, introduction forecast.
Results. The modern assortment of the genus Salvia is presented in quantitative, taxonomic, arealogical and ecological-cenotic terms. Belonging of the species of the genus to 6 main centers of origin of cultivated plants was determined, and a significant diversity of life forms (nanophanerophytes, microphanerophytes, hamephites, hemicryptophytes, theophytes), naturally formed under the influence of factors determined by different geographical and ecological-phytocenotic conditions of plant growth was reflected. Species assortment of the genus Salvia from the collection fund of the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was analyzed in comparison with the collections of other Ukrainian botanical gardens. The list of decorative species of the collection, found in the natural flora of Ukraine, was given. Three groups of species have been identified by origin, what determines the conditions for plant cultivation in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. In terms of taxonomic structure, introduced sage species belong to eight (according to Bentham, 1833) out of twelve sections, which represent biomorphological diversity and confirm the high introduction potential of these plants.  The species and interspecific hybrids most fully used in breeding work and represented by a significant varietal diversity were distinguished, as well as the sage assortment of the collection of ornamental plants of the NBG was presented.
Conclusions. It has been revealed that the species and varietal diversity of the genus Salvia of the world cultivated flora has a significant introduction potential for the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. It was determined that the main base for the introduction of the ornamental species of the genus Salvia in Ukraine is the collection of the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The main directions of further introduction and breeding work with representatives of the genus Salvia in the Forest-Steppe conditions of Ukraine were highlighted.
Repurposing Ruxolitinib in Combating COVID-19: A Mini-review
Authors: Begum Inshia , Murthuza Fathima , Iqbaluddin Juwairiya Syed , Arsal Hafsah Fatima
Published: July 2021

Background:

The pandemic caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), also known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus
(SARS-CoV-2), is believed to be one of the greatest threats to global health in the 21st century. Recent collective evidence has warranted
Ruxolitinib as a potential agent in recovery. Ruxolitinib is a potent and selective inhibitor of Jack kinase (JAK) 1 and 2 with modest to marked selectivity against tyrosine kinase 2 and JAK3, respectively.

Objective:

The review aims to outline the current evidence regarding the repurposed treatment for COVID- 19 and to give an insight into the clinical trials.
There has been considerable interest in introducing existing therapeutic agents against COVID-19 to reduce the severity of illness and ease the
burden on public healthcare systems.

Methods:

A literature search was conducted using keywords like ‘Ruxolitinib trial’ and ‘COVID-19 Ruxolitinib’ on PubMed, Google Scholar, Science
Direct, and Cochrane databases to select research papers and articles on the topic published from January to October 2020. Inclusion criteria were
restricted to articles on Ruxolitinib and COVID, whereas the exclusion criteria stipulated that any study done on COVID-19 involving mixed
treatment regimen with Ruxolitinib and other drugs or any studies not pertinent to the purpose of the study were omitted.

Conclusion:

Based on the successful outcomes of various researches conducted and clinical trials performed, the use of Ruxolitinib has shown significant
improvement and faster clinical recovery among COVID-19 patients of varying severity of infection, advanced age and multiple comorbidities.
This review provides an overview of various such studies with their promising outcomes.
Synopsis of Pharmotechnological Approaches in Diagnostic and Management Strategies for Fighting Against COVID-19
Authors: Azhar Asim , Hassan Nazia , Singh Manvi , Al-Hosaini Khaled , Kamal Md. Amjad
Published: July 2021

Nanoparticles (NPs) are projected to play a significant role in the fight against coronavirus disease
(COVID-19). The various properties of NPs like magnetic and optical can be exploited to build diagnostic test
kits. The unembellished morphological and physiochemical resemblances of SARS-CoV-2 with synthetic NPs
make them a potent tool for mediation. Nanoparticles can be analytically functionalized with different proteins,
polymers, and functional groups to perform specific inhibitory functions, while also serving as delivery vehicles.
Moreover, NPs can also be employed to prepare broad-spectrum respiratory drugs and vaccines that can
guard seasonal flu and prepare the human race for the pandemic in the future. The present review outlines the
role of NPs for detection, diagnostic and therapeutic purposes against members of the coronavirus family. We
emphasize nanomaterial-based approaches to address coronaviruses in general and SARS-CoV-2 in particular.
We discuss NPs based detection systems like graphene (G-FET), biosensors, and plasmonic photothermal associated
sensors. The therapeutic approaches exploiting NPs such as inorganic, organic virus-like & self-assembly
protein (VLP), and inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 employing photodynamic are also presented.
An Applicative Survey on Few-shot Learning
Authors: Zhang Jianwei , Chen Wei , Zhang Xubin , Lv Lei , Di Yining
Published: July 2021

Background:

Learning discriminative representation from large-scale data sets has made
a breakthrough in decades. However, it is still a thorny problem to generate representative embedding
from limited examples, for example, a class containing only one image. Recently, deep learning-
based Few-Shot Learning (FSL) has been proposed. It tackles this problem by leveraging prior
knowledge in various ways.

Objective:

In this work, we review recent advances of FSL in a perspective of high-dimensional
representation learning. The results of the analysis can provide insights and directions for future
work.

Methods:

We first present the definition of general FSL. Then, we propose a general framework for
the FSL problem and give the taxonomy under the framework. We survey two FSL directions:
learning policy and meta-learning.

Results:

We review the advanced applications of FSL, including image classification, object detection,
image segmentation and other tasks etc., as well as the corresponding benchmarks to provide
an overview of recent progress.

Conclusion:

In future work, FSL needs to be further studied in medical images, language models
and reinforcement learning. In addition, cross-domain FSL, successive FSL and associated FSL are
more challenging and valuable research directions.
Karakteristik Penetasan Hasil Persilangan Ayam Tolaki dan Ayam Pelung
Authors: Junaedi Junaedi , Hastuti Hastuti
Published: July 2021

Ayam Tolaki sebagai ayam lokal penghasil telur yang tinggi perlu disilangkan dengan ayam Pelung sebagai ayam lokal penghasil daging yang baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengkaji â€œkarakteristik penetasan hasil persilangan ayam Tolaki dan ayam Pelungâ€. Penelitian ini menggunakan ayam umur satu tahun, yaitu dua pejantan ayam Tolaki yang dikawinkan dengan empat ekor ayam Pelung. Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian ini berupa berat telur tetas, berat telur tetas hari ke 18, susut tetas (egg weight loss), fertilitas, daya tetas telur, bobot day old chick (DOC), korelasi bobot telur tetas dengan egg weight loss, korelasi bobot telur tetas dengan bobot DOC, korelasi egg weight loss dengan bobot DOC. Hasil persilangan ayam Pelung dengan ayam Tolaki memiliki rataan bobot telur tetas 54,57 gram, rataan berat telur tetas hari ke 18 yaitu 48,71 gram, dan rataan bobot DOC sebesar 35,41 gram. Adapun fertilitas mencapai 91,11%, daya tetas sebesar 87,80%, dan egg weight loss (susut tetas) sebesar 11,01%. Parameter egg weight loss menunjukkan korelasi sangat lemah dengan bobot telur tetas, berat telur hari ke 18, dan bobot DOC. Sedangkan parameter bobot telur tetas dan bobot DOC berkorelasi kuat dan positif serta berpengaruh nyata.
Image Analysis for MRI-Based Brain Tumor Classification Using Deep Learning
Authors: Qodri Krisna Nuresa , Soesanti Indah , Nugroho Hanung Adi
Published: July 2021

Tumors are cells that grow abnormally and uncontrollably, whereas brain tumors are abnormally growing cells growing in or near the brain. It is estimated that 23,890 adults (13,590 males and 10,300 females) in the United States and 3,540 children under the age of 15 would be diagnosed with a brain tumor. Meanwhile, there are over 250 cases in Indonesia of patients afflicted with brain tumors, both adults and infants. The doctor or medical personnel usually conducted a radiological test that commonly performed using magnetic resonance image (MRI) to identify the brain tumor. From several studies, each researcher claims that the results of their proposed method can detect brain tumors with high accuracy; however, there are still flaws in their methods. This paper will discuss the classification of MRI-based brain tumors using deep learning and transfer learning. Transfer learning allows for various domains, functions, and distributions used in training and research. This research used a public dataset. The dataset comprises 253 images, divided into 98 tumor-free brain images and 155 tumor images. Residual Network (ResNet), Neural Architecture Search Network (NASNet), Xception, DenseNet, and Visual Geometry Group (VGG) are the techniques that will use in this paper. The results got to show that the ResNet50 model gets 96% for the accuracy, and VGG16 gets 96% for the accuracy. The results obtained indicate that transfer learning can handle medical images.
Live GPS Location Tracking using GPRS
Authors: Sharma Jayesh
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a real time tracking system is put forward. In this we are going to design a system which is used for tracking and positioning by using (GPS) and (GSM). This design is based on embedded application, which will regularly monitor location and report the status. This tracking device which is used in real time vehicle location tracking is done using the Arduino Uno Atmega328P, SIM800A module and NEO 6M GPS module. For doing so, the Arduino Uno Atmega328P is combined serially to a GSM module and GPS module. The design make use of RS-232 protocol for serial communication between the modems and the microcontroller. A serial driver IC is used for transforming TTL voltage levels to RS-232 voltage levels. The GSM module is used to regularly send the position of the vehicle from distant place. The GPS module that makes use of satellite technology for its navigation system will regularly give information like longitude, latitude, speed, distance travelled etc. For this purpose, Amazon Cloud Services is used for location data handling. The MySQL database is used to reserve all the data of the GPS.
Microgrid Model on Homer Software
Authors: Ahamad Mohd
Published: July 2021

A new concept in power generation is a microgrid. The Microgrid concept assumes a cluster of loads and microsources operating as a single controllable system that provides power to its local area. This concept provides a new paradigm for defining the operation of distributed generation. The microsources of special interest for MGs are small (<100-kW) units with power electronic interfaces. These sources are placed at customers sites. They are low cost, low voltage and have a high reliability with few emissions. Power electronics provide the control and flexibility required by the MG concept. A properly designed power electronics and controllers insure that the MG can meet the needs of its customers as well as the utilities. The goal of this project is to build a complete model of Microgrid including the power sources, their power electronics, and a load and mains model in THE HOMER. The HOMER Micropower Optimization Model is a computer model developed by the U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to assist in the design of micropower systems and to facilitate the comparison of power generation technologies across a wide range of applications. HOMER models a power system’s physical behavior and its life-cycle cost, which is the total cost of installing and operating the system over its life span. HOMER allows the modeler to compare many different design options based on their technical and economic merits. It also assists in understanding and quantifying the effects of uncertainty or changes in the inputs.
Human Authentication using Face, Voice and Fingerprint Biometrics
Authors: D S Dr. Dinesh Kumar
Published: July 2021

Multimodal biometric approaches are growing in importance for personal verification and identification, since they provide better recognition results and hence improve security compared to biometrics based on a single modality. In this project, we present a multimodal biometric system that is based on the fusion of face, voice and fingerprint biometrics. For face recognition, we employ Haar Cascade Algorithm, while minutiae extraction is used for fingerprint recognition and we will be having a stored code word for the voice authentication, if any of these two authentication becomes true, the system consider the person as authorized person. Fusion at matching score level is then applied to enhance recognition performance. In particular, we employ the product rule in our investigation. The final identification is then performed using a nearest neighbour classifier which is fast and effective. Experimental results confirm that our approach achieves excellent recognition performance, and that the fusion approach outperforms biometric identification based on single modalities.
Email Spam Detection using SVM
Authors: Baig Azhar
Published: July 2021

E-mail contributes to internet messaging as a necessary component. Spam mails are unwanted messages that appear in large numbers and are exploited by spammers to divulge personal information of the user. These e-mails are frequently company/control announcements or malware that the user receives suddenly. Email spamming is one of the Internet's unsolved challenges, causing inconvenience to users and loss to businesses. Filtering is one of the foremost widely used and important methods for preventing spam emails. Email filters are commonly wont to organize incoming emails, protect computers from viruses, and eliminate spam. We present this method to classifying spam emails using support vector machines during this study, the SVM outperformed other classifiers.
Health Care Disease Prediction and Medicine, Exercise and Diet Suggestion using CNN
Authors: Kunwar Deepak
Published: July 2021

The Disease prediction Program is based on a prediction model predicting user disease on the basis of the following indicators the user contributes as an input to the system.. The system analyzes the symptoms provided by the user as input and gives the probability of the disease as an output Disease Prediction is done by implementing the CNN Classifier. CNN Classifier calculates the probability of the disease. Along with disease prediction system also calculates severity of disease and as per severity of disease suggests medicine. Suggesting diet and appropriate exercise is another merit of proposed system. Prediction of disease involves current as well as medical history of user.
Lineman Safety
Authors: B Dr. Devika
Published: July 2021

Electrical accidents to lineman are rising during electric line repair due to lack of communication between the maintenance staff and electric line man. This proposed system provides a solution that ensures safety of electric lineman i.e., line man on detecting a fault in electric line the line man senses his finger in fingerprint scanner and the main line is switched off which is again switched on after solving the fault by again sensing his finger, thus it saves the life of lineman working on electric line. The proposed system is fully operated on Arduino.
Comparative Study of Proof of Work (PoW) and Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) Blockchain Consensus Algorithm
Authors: Kumar R Nithish
Published: July 2021

As opposed to the current system, that is controlled by a central authority, blockchain was invented by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008 as a distributed ledger system. A major development in the technology came with the introduction of virtual cryptocurrencies where transactions were recorded and verified by miners or validators at various nodes in different locations. Since these transaction records are available to everyone, this solved the current problem of excessive double spending. In a decentralized system like blockchain, a reliable mechanism was necessary to verify the integrity of all transactions. This led to the introduction of a variety of consensus mechanisms. This paper presents the results of a comparative study between Proof of Work and Delegated Proof of Stake, both of which have been widely used in Blockchain projects recently. Based on the above, this study will primarily discuss a brief explanation of the workings of both algorithms, comparisons between them, and various factors impacting these algorithms from a crypto currency standpoint.
Seismic Behaviour of Steel Staggered Truss in Building
Authors: Sastare Ms. Sayali
Published: July 2021

In this study staggered-truss system (STS) is studied for structural steel framing for the multi-story and high-rise buildings. The staggered-truss systems (STS) consists of a series of story-high trusses spanning the total width between two rows of external columns and arranged in a staggered pattern on adjacent column lines. The system is known to be appropriate for use in residential buildings such as apartments, dormitory and hotels. The columns are located only on the external faces of the building. The large clear span and open areas can be created. The interaction of the floors, trusses, and columns makes the structure perform as a single unit, there by taking maximum advantage of the strength and rigidity of all the components simultaneously. Each component performs its particular function, totally dependent upon the others for its performance. These column free areas can be utilized for ballrooms, concourses and other large areas. The one added benefit of the staggered-truss framing system is that it is highly efficient for resistance to the lateral loading caused by wind and earthquake. The stiffness of the STS provides the desired drift control for wind and earthquake loadings. The staggered-truss framing system is one of the quickest available methods to use during winter construction. The floor system not only carries the direct vertical loads. In addition, It has to act as a diaphragm to transfer the horizontal shear forces between stories through truss diagonals. Because of this double use concept this system results in a lighter structure and provides more column-free space than a conventional beam-column framed structure.
Scheduling of Flyover at Grade Intersection for Amravati
Authors: Zanjad Shradha S.
Published: July 2021

This work concerns the effective planning of flight at the intersection of classes under a mixed traffic environment. From the results and simulations performed in the SIDRA Intersection software, different points are observed. This work consists of a proposed crossing in Rajamal Square, Amravati. The area is highly populated, and this place offers the need for a good quality intersection. The graph shows that the turn of the 95% of the worst lane of the car per year increases as the year increases. The maximum value is 0.011. The graph shows that the stopping speed, which is detected, decreases as the year increases. The minimum value of the stopping speed is 0.5485. The graph shows that productivity increases over time. The maximum value of the performance index is 0.30.
Territórios, Agenciamentos, Deleuze, Guattari, G. H., Uma Barata e Clarice Lispector
Authors: De Macedo Eder Alves
Published: July 2021

Este artigo objetiva abordar o romance A paixão segundo G. H., de Clarice Lispector, à luz da filosofia de Deleuze e Guattari. Não há o desejo de abarcar as multiplicidades do romance e da filosofia; entretanto, busca-se revelar possíveis pontos de agenciamento. Nesse sentido o trajeto da personagem G. H. é lido como um caminho entre rizomas, platôs, linhas de fuga, desterritorializações, reterritorializações, transversalidades, devires. E é dessa forma que o conceito deleuzo-guattarriano de Literatura Menor agencia-se com componentes da obra de Lispector: o paralelismo bíblico, a barata, o fracasso da linguagem.
Reseña de libro: Costa Rica en el siglo XXI: La crisis del proyecto neoliberal. Ensayos de crítica y propuesta
Authors: Ruiz Fernández Ana Rosa
Published: July 2021

Luis Paulino Vargas Solís, en su libro Costa Rica en el siglo XXI: la crisis del proyecto neoliberal. Ensayos de crítica y propuesta, desarrolla el tema de la crisis del sistema neoliberal en el siglo XXI en Costa Rica determinando tres fases que caracterizan la apertura cada vez mayor de la globalización con consecuencias estructurales, tanto en el Estado como en la estructura productiva y en la distribución de la riqueza.
Sobre el tiempo: Rutina, flexibilidad y tiempo cotidiano en barrio Cristo Rey y barrio Escalante (2011-2014)
Authors: Coto Murillo Paulo
Published: July 2021

Este artículo discute la estructura temporal de la vida cotidiana en dos barrios históricos de la ciudad de San José. Estos barrios son barrio Cristo Rey y barrio Escalante. Se muestra cómo esta estructura o arquitectura se comporta como una economía política del tiempo. La lógica que organiza el tiempo diario en ambos espacios del vecindario es la división social del trabajo y la división social del género. También, el trabajo de investigación evidencia que las personas habitantes de Cristo Rey experimentan una temporalidad rutinaria; en tanto, aquellas que viven en barrio Escalante lo hacen bajo la egida de un tiempo flexible.
Apuntes sobre la historia y desarrollo del hip-hop en Costa Rica
Authors: Palacios Murillo Fabiola
Published: July 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar y discutir las condiciones históricas que marcaron el comienzo del hip-hop en Costa Rica, así como algunos acontecimientos que han particularizado la formación de una escena de hip-hop costarricense. La reconstrucción histórica se realizó a través de entrevistas a personas que fueron parte de este movimiento en sus inicios. La misma herramienta de investigación fue utilizada para caracterizar la escena hip-hop en la actualidad. El artículo explora algunas de las complejidades que han caracterizado el desarrollo del hip-hop en el país, el cual ha estado marcado por la colectivización, la autogestión, la competencia, la búsqueda de la autenticidad y una participación desigual con respecto al género.
La paca biodigestora como estrategia de tratamiento de residuos orgánicos
Authors: Ossa-Carrasquilla Laura Catalina , Correa-Ochoa Mauricio Andrés , Múnera-Porras Luisa María
Published: July 2021

Introducción. La Paca Biodigestora, también conocida como Paca Digestora Silva, es una tecnología para la gestión integral de los residuos orgánicos, un proceso que permite la degradación biológica de la materia orgánica hasta abono, un material orgánico que contiene nutrientes biodisponibles para las plantas y organismos que benefician la calidad del suelo. Objetivo. Identificar y analizar la producción científica e investigaciones desarrolladas sobre las Pacas Biodigestoras. Materiales y métodos. Se aplicó el método Proknow-C que consiste en seleccionar un portafolio bibliográfico y desarrollar en él un análisis bibliométrico y sistémico, por medio del rastreo en bases de datos y repositorios institucionales. Resultados. Fueron identificados 12 artículos que conformaron el portafolio bibliográfico de investigaciones que se han desarrollado sobre las pacas biodigestoras. En el periodo entre 2015 y 2017 fue encontrada la mayor cantidad de publicaciones, tres por año. La revista más destaca es Producción + Limpia. Los diferentes autores han enfocado sus investigaciones en analizar la variación de los parámetros fisicoquímicos, estudiar el proceso de descomposición de residuos orgánicos en las pacas biodigestoras y evaluar la calidad del producto final, sus características fisicoquímicas, microbiológicas y nutricionales. Conclusiones. Pese a que la información científica sobre el método es incipiente, lo cual limita su comprensión y aplicación, varios autores coinciden que la Paca Biodigestora es un método viable para el tratamiento y aprovechamiento de los residuos orgánicos, debido a que evita los impactos negativos en el ambiente, protege la salud pública y fomenta las prácticas ambientales sostenibles desde la participación comunitaria.
A Short Guide to Using Python For Data Analysis In Experimental Physics
Authors: Fortune Nathanael A.
Published: July 2021

Common signal processing tasks in the numerical handling of experimental
data include interpolation, smoothing, and propagation of uncertainty. A
comparison of experimental results to a theoretical model further
requires curve fitting, the plotting of functions and data,  and a
determination of the goodness of fit. These tasks often typically
require an interactive, exploratory approach to the data, yet for the
results to be reliable, the original data needs to be freely available
and resulting analysis readily reproducible. In this article, we provide
examples of how to use the Numerical Python (Numpy) and Scientific
Python (SciPy) packages and interactive Jupyter Notebooks to accomplish
these goals for data stored in a common plain text spreadsheet format.
Sample Jupyter notebooks containing the Python code used to carry out
these tasks are included and can be used as templates for the analysis
of new data.