bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The experiences of administrators, educators and clinicians during the development and implementation of interprofessional clinical learning units
Authors: Hall Mark , Van der Zalm Jeanne , Patterson Steven
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Interprofessional and collaborative practice is essential for effective patient care in new and evolving healthcare service delivery models. Traditionally, interprofessional clinical learning has focused on students and clinicians, however healthcare administrators and managers may play a key role in the success of interprofessional clinical learning. In this paper, the triumphs and trials of those engaged in the interprofessional clinical learning unit (IPCLU) conceptualisation, development and implementation are presented.Methods: Over 60 executives, directors, frontline managers, educators, researchers and staff participated in the development and initiation of an IPLCU in three distinct clinical settings in Alberta: tertiary rehabilitation, acute care and continuing care. Focus groups were used to explore participants’ experiences of developing, initiating and implementing an IPLCU.Results: A qualitative analysis revealed the following predominant themes that describe significant outcomes or considerations: pre-IPCLU challenges, team dynamics, student experiences, cultural changes, sustainability and leadership.Conclusions: Successful implementation of IPCLUs can be achieved with participation and leadership from clinicians and educators and the support of administration at both the academic institution and the healthcare agency.
Ein Gedicht nach Auschwitz. Peter Huchels Der Ammoniter
Authors: Vieregg Axel
Published: November 2016

Peter Huchel, Der Ammoniter
Bibliography
Authors: Herd E. W.
Published: November 2016

Bibliography
Drei Briefe Hermann Brochs an Oscar Oeser
Authors: Schulz Gerhard
Published: November 2016

Hermann Broch, Oscar Oeser
Preface
Authors: Obermayer August
Published: November 2016

Preface
E.W. Herd
Authors: Carter T. E.
Published: November 2016

E. W. Herd
Vorwort
Authors: Obermayer August
Published: November 2016

Grillparzer
Grillparzers Zeit
Authors: Hoffmann Paul
Published: November 2016

Grillparzer
The Invisible Woman? Reflections on the Figure of Barbara in Grillparzer's Der arme Spielmann
Authors: Sutton Martin
Published: November 2016

Grillparzer
Superconducting topological surface states in the noncentrosymmetric bulk superconductor PbTaSe
2
Authors: Guan Syu-You , Chen Peng-Jen , Chu Ming-Wen , Sankar Raman , Chou Fangcheng , Jeng Horng-Tay , Chang Chia-Seng , Chuang Tien-Ming
Published: November 2016

Topological surface states in PbTaSe
2
show fully gapped superconductivity, making it a potential topological superconductor.
Uncovering the forces between nucleosomes using DNA origami
Authors: Funke Jonas J. , Ketterer Philip , Lieleg Corinna , Schunter Sarah , Korber Philipp , Dietz Hendrik
Published: November 2016

Electron microscopy with a DNA origami force spectrometer reveals the energy landscapes for nucleosome-nucleosome interactions.
Webinar | The emergence of structured illumination microscopy: From home-built to commercial solutions
Authors: Chen Bi-Chang , Komis George , Rosazza Christelle
Published: November 2016

The diffraction limit for light microscopy (approximately half the wavelength of light used to image a sample) was for many years a barrier to truly high-resolution microscopy. Superresolution microscopy came about through the recognition that clever hardware design and digital image processing could break through the diffraction limit, enabling scientists to image down to the molecular level. Of all the superresolution techniques, structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is probably the most relevant for live samples, primarily because it is the most versatile and suitable for fairly long exposures and dynamic cell imaging. Stimulated emission depletion microscopy (STED), photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM), and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM), as well as techniques derived from them, provide higher-resolution images but tend to require considerably more laser power than SIM—making phototoxicity a significant problem. This webinar will provide a summary of superresolution microscopy, with a particular focus on SIM, and will highlight the important factors to consider when undertaking microscopy experiments, including hardware, software, and samples.
Graveyard of cold slabs mapped in Earth's mantle
Authors: Voosen Paul
Published: November 2016

Resurrected tectonic plates yield visions of a lost planet.
Northeast Asia trip bolsters ongoing scientific cooperation
Authors: Jarvis Michaela
Published: November 2016

Chief Executive Officer Rush Holt offers strategy for building trust in science
Tissue damage and senescence provide critical signals for cellular reprogramming in vivo
Authors: Mosteiro Lluc , Pantoja Cristina , Alcazar Noelia , Marión Rosa M. , Chondronasiou Dafni , Rovira Miguel , Fernandez-Marcos Pablo J. , Muñoz-Martin Maribel , Blanco-Aparicio Carmen , Pastor Joaquin , Gómez-López Gonzalo , De Martino Alba , Blasco Maria A. , Abad María , Serrano Manuel
Published: November 2016

For cell reprogramming, context matters

Differentiated cells in a culture dish can assume a new identity when manipulated to express four transcription factors. This “reprogramming” process has sparked interest because conceivably it could be harnessed as a therapeutic strategy for tissue regeneration. Mosteiro
et al.
used a mouse model to study the signals that promote cell reprogramming in vivo. They found that the factors that trigger reprogramming in vitro do the same in vivo; however, they also inflict cell damage. The damaged cells enter a state of senescence and begin secreting certain factors that promote reprogramming, including an inflammatory cytokine called interleukin-6. Thus, in the physiological setting, cell senescence may create a tissue context that favors reprogramming of neighboring cells.

Science
, this issue p.
10.1126/science.aaf4445
Direct and continuous strain control of catalysts with tunable battery electrode materials
Authors: Wang Haotian , Xu Shicheng , Tsai Charlie , Li Yuzhang , Liu Chong , Zhao Jie , Liu Yayuan , Yuan Hongyuan , Abild-Pedersen Frank , Prinz Fritz B. , Nørskov Jens K. , Cui Yi
Published: November 2016

Tuning nanoparticle strain

The catalytic activity of metals in heterogeneous catalysts can be altered by applying strain, which changes the crystalline lattice spacing and modifies the metal's electronic properties. Wang
et al.
show how particles of cobalt oxide, a positive electrode for lithium batteries, can expand or contract with charging and transfer strain to adsorbed platinum nanoparticles. For the oxygen reduction reaction used in fuel cells, compressive strain boosted activity by 90%, and tensile strain decreased it by 40%.

Science
, this issue p.
1031
Retrieval practice protects memory against acute stress
Authors: Smith Amy M. , Floerke Victoria A. , Thomas Ayanna K.
Published: November 2016

Protecting memories from stress

It is widely accepted that stress has a negative impact on memory retrieval. But specific approaches to learning can counteract this effect. Smith
et al.
found that when memory was tested immediately after the onset of stress, stress effects were reduced. Furthermore, when subjects learned novel material by using a highly effective learning technique involving practice tests, their memory was also protected against the negative effects of stress.

Science
, this issue p.
1046
Ten policies for pollinators
Authors: Dicks Lynn V. , Viana Blandina , Bommarco Riccardo , Brosi Berry , Arizmendi María del Coro , Cunningham Saul A. , Galetto Leonardo , Hill Rosemary , Lopes Ariadna V. , Pires Carmen , Taki Hisatomo , Potts Simon G.
Published: November 2016

What governments can do to safeguard pollination services
Bringing order to neutral atom arrays
Authors: Regal Cindy
Published: November 2016

Cold atom manipulation may enable small quantum systems to be built to order
Toxic textiles
Fake Silk The Lethal History of Viscose Rayon
Paul David Blanc
Yale University Press, 2016. 325 pp.
Authors: Monosson Emily
Published: November 2016

A physician uncovers the disturbing history of an “ecofriendly” fiber
Susan Lindquist (1949–2016)
Authors: Whitesell Luke , Santagata Sandro
Published: November 2016

An unflappable biologist was an indomitable advocate for brave and meaningful inquiry
Kinetics of Meningococcal Serogroup C-Specific Functional Antibody Levels Up to 15 Years after a Single Immunization with a Meningococcal Serogroup C Conjugate Vaccine during Adolescence
Authors: Stoof Susanne P. , van Ravenhorst Mariëtte B. , van Rooijen Debbie M. , de Voer Richarda M. , van der Klis Fiona R. M. , Boland Greet J. , Sanders Elisabeth A. M. , Berbers Guy A. M. , Teunis Peter F.
Published: November 2016

Adolescent vaccination is now considered the key factor for offering direct protection against meningococcal disease but also for reducing carriage and transmission and, in this way, establishing herd protection. This study estimated age-dependent patterns in functional meningococcal serogroup C (MenC) antibody kinetics after primary MenC conjugate (MenCC) vaccination in adolescents. Serum samples (
n
= 1,676) were drawn from 2006 to 2011 from individuals aged 9 to 18 years at the time of primary MenCC vaccination in 2002. Functional antibody levels were measured with a serum bactericidal antibody assay (SBA) using rabbit complement. SBA titers gradually declined with time. Up to 9 years after primary vaccination, SBA titers were estimated to be higher in individuals who were aged 13 to 18 years at priming than in those who were aged 9 to 10 years at priming. Based on a linear mixed model, the higher functional antibody levels with age seem to be due to the achievement of higher peak levels upon vaccination rather than to lower rates of decline. It is estimated that 35 to 50% of individuals who received a single primary MenCC vaccination at an age of 9 to 18 years in 2002 will still have sufficient protective antibody levels 15 years later. Using a linear mixed model based on cohort data for a single dated serum sample per person, we were able to estimate the level of protection against MenC up to 15 years after a single vaccination. The current study shows that analysis of antibody kinetics can be done using cross-sectional serology data and is therefore relevant for future serosurveillance studies.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Fungus
Penicillium solitum
NJ1
Authors: Yin Guohua , Zhang Yuliang , Pennerman Kayla K. , Hua Sui Sheng T. , Yu Jiujiang , Guo Anping , Liu Zhixin , Bennett Joan W.
Published: November 2016

Penicillium solitum
is one of the most prevalent species causing postharvest decay of pomaceous fruits during storage. Here, we report the draft genome of
P. solitum
strain NJ1, received as a transfer of a strain originally identified as
P. griseofulvum
by classical means.
Near-Complete Genome Sequence of
Thalassospira
sp. Strain KO164 Isolated from a Lignin-Enriched Marine Sediment Microcosm
Authors: Woo Hannah L. , O'Dell Kaela B. , Utturkar Sagar , McBride Kathryn R. , Huntemann Marcel , Clum Alicia , Pillay Manoj , Palaniappan Krishnaveni , Varghese Neha , Mikhailova Natalia , Stamatis Dimitrios , Reddy T. B. K. , Ngan Chew Yee , Daum Chris , Shapiro Nicole , Markowitz Victor , Ivanova Natalia , Kyrpides Nikos , Woyke Tanja , Brown Steven D. , Hazen Terry C.
Published: November 2016

Thalassospira
sp. strain KO164 was isolated from eastern Mediterranean seawater and sediment laboratory microcosms enriched on insoluble organosolv lignin under oxic conditions. The near-complete genome sequence presented here will facilitate analyses into this deep-ocean bacterium's ability to degrade recalcitrant organics such as lignin.
Genome Sequence of Salegentibacter salarius KCTC 12974, Isolated from a Marine Solar Saltern of the Yellow Sea in South Korea
Authors: Xu Yongle , Liu Jihua , Zheng Qiang , Liu Yanting , Jiao Nianzhi
Published: November 2016

Salegentibacter salarius
KCTC 12974 is isolated from a marine solar saltern of the Yellow Sea in South Korea. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Salegentibacter salarius
KCTC 12974. Various glycoside hydrolase genes in even numbers in the genome reflect the ecological adaption of KCTC 12974 to its habitat.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus SR-86
Authors: Loscar Michael E. , Huptas Christopher , Wenning Mareike , Sieber Volker , Schmid Jochen
Published: November 2016

Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus
belongs to the family
Bacillaceae
and was first described in 2010 with the type strain
L. xylanilyticus
XDB9. It is able to both degrade xylan and use it as the sole carbon source. Here, we describe the 4.8-Mb genome of the strain
L. xylanilyticus
SR-86, which was isolated from organic waste.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus salivarius LPM01
Authors: Chenoll Empar , Codoñer Francisco M. , Martinez-Blanch Juan F. , Acevedo-Piérart Marcelo , Ormeño M. Loreto , Ramón Daniel , Genovés Salvador
Published: November 2016

Lactobacillus salivarius
LPM01 (DSM 22150) is a probiotic strain able to improve health status in immunocompromised people. Here, we report its complete genome sequence deciphered by PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) technology. Analysis of the sequence may provide insights into its functional activity and safety assessment.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two “
Haemophilus quentini
” Isolates Recovered from Two Different Patients' Blood Cultures
Authors: Eshaghi Alireza , Soares Deidre , Tsang Raymond , Richardson David , Kus Julianne V. , Patel Samir N.
Published: November 2016

Here, we present the draft genome sequences of two strains (K068 and C860) of the genospecies “
Haemophilus quentini
.” The isolates were recovered from blood cultures of a newborn neonate and an elderly patient with septicemia in Ontario, Canada.
Draft Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp.
diarizonae
Serovar 61:k:1,5,(7) Strain CRJJGF_00165 (Phylum
Gammaproteobacteria
)
Authors: Gupta Sushim K. , McMillan Elizabeth A. , Jackson Charlene R. , Desai Prerak T. , Porwollik Steffen , McClelland Michael , Hiott Lari M. , Humayoun Shaheen B. , Barrett John B. , Frye Jonathan G.
Published: November 2016

Here, we report a 4.78-Mb draft genome sequence of the
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
diarizonae
serovar 61:k:1,5,(7) strain CRJJGF_00165 [also called
S. enterica
subsp. IIIb serovar 61:k:1,5,(7) strain CRJJGF_00165], isolated from ground beef in 2007.
Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Activates c-Src To Promote α4β1 Integrin-Dependent Viral Entry by Modulating the Downstream Akt-RhoA GTPase-Actin Rearrangement Cascade
Authors: Ye Chengjin , Han Xinpeng , Yu Zhaoli , Zhang Enli , Wang Lijuan , Liu Hebin
Published: November 2016

While the entry of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is initiated by the binding of the virus to the two major receptors integrin and HSP90, the signaling events after receptor binding and how they contribute to virus entry remain elusive. We show here that IBDV activates c-Src by inducing the phosphorylation of the Y416 residue in c-Src both in DF-1 chicken fibroblasts and
in vivo
in the bursa of Fabricius from specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Importantly, inactivated IBDV fails to stimulate c-Src Y416 phosphorylation, and a very virulent IBDV strain induces a much higher level of c-Src Y416 phosphorylation than does an attenuated strain. Inhibition of c-Src activation by an Src kinase inhibitor or expression of a c-Src dominant negative mutant results in a significant decrease in the internalization of IBDV but has little effect on virus adhesion. Furthermore, short hairpin RNA (shRNA) downregulation of integrin, either the α4 or β1 subunit, but not HSP90 remarkably attenuates IBDV-induced c-Src Y416 phosphorylation, resulting in a decrease in IBDV internalization but not virus adhesion. Moreover, interestingly, inhibition of either c-Src downstream of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt-RhoA signaling cascade or actin rearrangement leads to a significant decrease in IBDV internalization irrespective of the IBDV-induced high levels of c-Src phosphorylation. Cumulatively, our results suggest a novel feed-forward model whereby IBDV activates c-Src for benefiting its cell entry via an integrin-mediated pathway by the activation of downstream PI3K/Akt-RhoA signaling and cytoskeleton actin rearrangement.

IMPORTANCE
While IBDV-caused immunosuppression is highly related to viral invasion, the molecular basis of the cellular entry of IBDV remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that IBDV activates c-Src by inducing the phosphorylation of the Y416 residue in c-Src to promote virus internalization but not virus adhesion. The ability to induce the level of c-Src Y416 phosphorylation correlates with the pathogenicity of an IBDV strain. IBDV-induced c-Src Y416 activation is α4β1 integrin but not HSP90 dependent and involves the activation of the downstream PI3K/Akt-RhoA GTPase-actin rearrangement cascade. Thus, our findings provide new insights into the IBDV infection process and the potential for c-Src as a candidate target for the development of IBDV therapeutic drugs.
The Norovirus NS3 Protein Is a Dynamic Lipid- and Microtubule-Associated Protein Involved in Viral RNA Replication
Authors: Cotton Ben T. , Hyde Jennifer L. , Sarvestani Soroush T. , Sosnovtsev Stanislav V. , Green Kim Y. , White Peter A. , Mackenzie Jason M.
Published: November 2016

Norovirus (NoV) infections are a significant health burden to society, yet the lack of reliable tissue culture systems has hampered the development of appropriate antiviral therapies. Here we show that the NoV NS3 protein, derived from murine NoV (MNV), is intimately associated with the MNV replication complex and the viral replication intermediate double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). We observed that when expressed individually, MNV NS3 and NS3 encoded by human Norwalk virus (NV) induced the formation of distinct vesicle-like structures that did not colocalize with any particular protein markers to cellular organelles but localized to cellular membranes, in particular those with a high cholesterol content. Both proteins also showed some degree of colocalization with the cytoskeleton marker β-tubulin. Although the distribution of MNV and NV NS3s were similar, NV NS3 displayed a higher level of colocalization with the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, we observed that although both proteins colocalized in membranes counterstained with filipin, an indicator of cholesterol content, MNV NS3 displayed a greater association with flotillin and stomatin, proteins known to associate with sphingolipid- and cholesterol-rich microdomains. Utilizing time-lapse epifluorescence microscopy, we observed that the membrane-derived vesicular structures induced by MNV NS3 were highly motile and dynamic in nature, and their movement was dependent on intact microtubules. These results begin to interrogate the functions of NoV proteins during virus replication and highlight the conserved properties of the NoV NS3 proteins among the seven
Norovirus
genogroups.

IMPORTANCE
Many mechanisms involved in the replication of norovirus still remain unclear, including the role for the NS3 protein, one of seven nonstructural viral proteins, which remains to be elucidated. This study reveals that murine norovirus (MNV) NS3 is intimately associated with the viral replication complex and dsRNA. We observed that the NS3 proteins of both MNV and Norwalk virus (NV) induce prominent vesicular structures and that this formation is dependent on microtubules and cellular cholesterol. Thus, this study contributes to our understanding of protein function within different
Norovirus
genogroups and expands a growing knowledge base on the interaction between positive-strand RNA [(+)RNA] viruses and cellular membranes that contribute to the biogenesis of virus-induced membrane organelles. This study contributes to our understanding of viral protein function and the ability of a viral protein to recruit specific cellular organelles and lipids that enable replication.
Inhibition of Human Cytomegalovirus pUL89 Terminase Subunit Blocks Virus Replication and Genome Cleavage
Authors: Wang Yan , Mao Lili , Kankanala Jayakanth , Wang Zhengqiang , Geraghty Robert J.
Published: November 2016

The human cytomegalovirus terminase complex cleaves concatemeric genomic DNA into unit lengths during genome packaging and particle assembly. This process is an attractive drug target because cleavage of concatemeric DNA is not required in mammalian cell DNA replication, indicating that drugs targeting the terminase complex could be safe and selective. One component of the human cytomegalovirus terminase complex, pUL89, provides the endonucleolytic activity for genome cleavage, and the domain responsible is reported to have an RNase H-like fold. We hypothesize that the pUL89 endonuclease activity is inhibited by known RNase H inhibitors. Using a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format as a screening assay, we found that a hydroxypyridonecarboxylic acid compound, previously reported to be an inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus RNase H, inhibited pUL89 endonuclease activity at low-micromolar concentrations. Further characterization revealed that this pUL89 endonuclease inhibitor blocked human cytomegalovirus replication at a relatively late time point, similarly to other reported terminase complex inhibitors. Importantly, this inhibitor also prevented the cleavage of viral genomic DNA in infected cells. Taken together, these results substantiate our pharmacophore hypothesis and validate our ligand-based approach toward identifying novel inhibitors of pUL89 endonuclease.

IMPORTANCE
Human cytomegalovirus infection in individuals lacking a fully functioning immune system, such as newborns and transplant patients, can have severe and debilitating consequences. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved anti-human cytomegalovirus drugs mainly target the viral polymerase, and resistance to these drugs has appeared. Therefore, anti-human cytomegalovirus drugs from novel targets are needed for use instead of, or in combination with, current polymerase inhibitors. pUL89 is a viral ATPase and endonuclease and is an attractive target for anti-human cytomegalovirus drug development. We identified and characterized an inhibitor of pUL89 endonuclease activity that also inhibits human cytomegalovirus replication in cell culture. pUL89 endonuclease, therefore, should be explored as a potential target for antiviral development against human cytomegalovirus.
Stage-Specific Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses of the Filarial Parasite Onchocerca volvulus and Its
Wolbachia
Endosymbiont
Authors: Bennuru Sasisekhar , Cotton James A. , Ribeiro Jose M. C. , Grote Alexandra , Harsha Bhavana , Holroyd Nancy , Mhashilkar Amruta , Molina Douglas M. , Randall Arlo Z. , Shandling Adam D. , Unnasch Thomas R. , Ghedin Elodie , Berriman Matthew , Lustigman Sara , Nutman Thomas B.
Published: November 2016

Onchocerciasis (river blindness) is a neglected tropical disease that has been successfully targeted by mass drug treatment programs in the Americas and small parts of Africa. Achieving the long-term goal of elimination of onchocerciasis, however, requires additional tools, including drugs, vaccines, and biomarkers of infection. Here, we describe the transcriptome and proteome profiles of the major vector and the human host stages (L1, L2, L3, molting L3, L4, adult male, and adult female) of
Onchocerca volvulus
along with the proteome of each parasitic stage and of its
Wolbachia
endosymbiont (
w
Ov). In so doing, we have identified stage-specific pathways important to the parasite’s adaptation to its human host during its early development. Further, we generated a protein array that, when screened with well-characterized human samples, identified novel diagnostic biomarkers of
O. volvulus
infection and new potential vaccine candidates. This immunomic approach not only demonstrates the power of this postgenomic discovery platform but also provides additional tools for onchocerciasis control programs.

IMPORTANCE
The global onchocerciasis (river blindness) elimination program will have to rely on the development of new tools (drugs, vaccines, biomarkers) to achieve its goals by 2025. As an adjunct to the completed genomic sequencing of
O. volvulus
, we used a comprehensive proteomic and transcriptomic profiling strategy to gain a comprehensive understanding of both the vector-derived and human host-derived parasite stages. In so doing, we have identified proteins and pathways that enable novel drug targeting studies and the discovery of novel vaccine candidates, as well as useful biomarkers of active infection.
First Case of Actinomycetoma in France Due to a Novel
Nocardia
Species,
Nocardia boironii
sp. nov
Authors: Gilquin Jacques M. , Riviere Brigitte , Jurado Valme , Audouy Bernard , Kouatche Jean-Baptiste , Bergeron Emmanuelle , Mouniée Delphine , Molina Thierry , Faure Philippe , Saiz-Jimenez Cesáreo , Rodríguez-Nava Verónica
Published: November 2016

Bacterial mycetoma is an endemic infection in areas with tropical and subtropical climates. Thus, its presence in temperate climate areas remains rare. We report here the first case of autochthonous actinomycetoma in continental France originating from a
Nocardia
species other than
N. brasiliensis
, namely,
Nocardia boironii
. Considering the history of the patient, the infection source of strain OFN 14.177
T
may be from frequent contact with the soil over many years because of his gardening activities. The discovery of a French autochthonous
Nocardia
species responsible for actinomycetoma reveals the importance of considering the possibility of having autochthonous infections of this type in nontropical countries, not only imported cases from tropical countries. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the real incidence of this new species.
Lymphomatosis cerebri: diagnostic challenges and review of the literature
Authors: Lee Paul J , Berrios Idanis , Ionete Carolina , Smith Thomas
Published: November 2016

Lymphomatosis cerebri (LC) is a rare variant of a primary central nervous system non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (PCNSL) characterised by diffuse infiltration of tumour cells throughout the brain parenchyma. We present a 68-year-old immunocompetent woman with headaches, dizziness, blurred vision, localised right leg weakness and rapidly progressive dementia. A brain MRI demonstrated diffuse T2 hyperintense white matter lesions that did not enhance with contrast. The clinical differential diagnosis of these lesions included metastatic disease, infectious or inflammatory process such as sarcoidosis, lymphoma, demyelinating disease and less likely vascular aetiology, such as vasculitis or ischaemic stroke.A right frontal stereotactic brain biopsy was non-diagnostic. The patient eventually died from aspiration pneumonia following a pneumonectomy for a primary lung adenocarcinoma. The diagnosis of LC was established on postmortem examination of the brain.
Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of brief, habit-based, lifestyle advice for cancer survivors: exploring behavioural outcomes for the Advancing Survivorship Cancer Outcomes Trial (ASCOT)
Authors: Beeken Rebecca J , Croker Helen , Heinrich Maggie , Smith Lee , Williams Kate , Hackshaw Allan , Hines John , Machesney Michael , Krishnaswamy Madhavan , Cavanagh Sharon , Roylance Rebecca , Hill Alison , Pritchard-Jones Kathy , Wardle Jane , Fisher Abigail
Published: November 2016

Introduction

Positive health behaviours such as regular physical activity and a healthy diet have significant effects on cancer outcomes. There is a need for simple but effective behaviour change interventions with the potential to be implemented within the cancer care pathway. Habit-based advice encourages repetition of a behaviour in a consistent context so that the behaviour becomes increasingly automatic in response to a specific contextual cue. This approach therefore encourages long-term behaviour change and can be delivered through printed materials. ‘Healthy Habits for Life’ is a brief intervention based on habit theory, and incorporating printed materials plus a personally tailored discussion, that has been designed specifically for patients with a diagnosis of cancer. The aim of this trial was to test the effect of ‘Healthy Habits for Life’ on a composite health behaviour risk index (CHBRI) over 3 months in patients with a diagnosis of breast, colorectal or prostate cancer.

Method and analysis

A 2-arm, individually randomised controlled trial in patients with breast, colorectal and prostate cancer. Patients will be recruited over 18 months from 7 National Health Service Trusts in London and Essex. Following baseline assessments and allocation to intervention or usual care, patients are followed up at 3 and 6 months. The primary outcome will be change in CHBRI at 3 months. Maintenance of any changes over 6 months, and changes in individual health behaviours (including dietary intake, physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking status) will also be explored.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was obtained through the National Research Ethics Service Committee South Central—Oxford B via the Integrated Research Application System (reference number 14/SC/1369). Results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and scientific presentations.

Trial registration number

17421871.
Is famine exposure during developmental life in rural Bangladesh associated with a metabolic and epigenetic signature in young adulthood? A historical cohort study
Authors: Finer S , Iqbal M S , Lowe R , Ogunkolade B W , Pervin S , Mathews C , Smart M , Alam D S , Hitman G A
Published: November 2016

Objectives

Famine exposure in utero can ‘programme’ an individual towards type 2 diabetes and obesity in later life. We sought to identify, (1) whether Bangladeshis exposed to famine during developmental life are programmed towards diabetes and obesity, (2) whether this programming was specific to gestational or postnatal exposure windows and (3) whether epigenetic differences were associated with famine exposure.

Design

A historical cohort study was performed as part of a wider cross-sectional survey. Exposure to famine was defined through birth date and historical records and participants were selected according to: (A) exposure to famine in postnatal life, (B) exposure to famine during gestation and (C) unexposed.

Setting

Matlab, a rural area in the Chittagong division of Bangladesh.

Participants

Young adult men and women (n=190) recruited to a historical cohort study with a randomised subsample included in an epigenetic study (n=143).

Outcome measures

Primary outcome measures of weight, body mass index and oral glucose tolerance tests (0 and 120 min glucose). Secondary outcome measures included DNA methylation using genome-wide and targeted analysis of metastable epialleles sensitive to maternal nutrition.

Results

More young adults exposed to famine in gestation were underweight than those postnatally exposed or unexposed. In contrast, more young adults exposed to famine postnatally were overweight compared to those gestationally exposed or unexposed. Underweight adults exposed to famine in gestation in utero were hyperglycaemic following a glucose tolerance test, and those exposed postnatally had elevated fasting glucose, compared to those unexposed. Significant differences in DNA methylation at seven metastable epialleles (VTRNA2-1, PAX8, PRDM-9, near ZFP57, near BOLA, EXD3) known to vary with gestational famine exposure were identified.

Conclusions

Famine exposure in developmental life programmed Bangladeshi offspring towards diabetes and obesity in adulthood but gestational and postnatal windows of exposure had variable effects on phenotype. DNA methylation differences were replicated at previously identified metastable epialleles sensitive to periconceptual famine exposure.
Prevalence of papillomavirus in Brazil: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Colpani Verônica , Bidinotto Augusto Bacelo , Falavigna Maicon , Giozza Silvana Pereira , Benzaken Adele Schwartz , Pimenta Cristina , Maranhão Ana Goretti Kalume , Domingues Carla Magda Allan Santos , Hammes Luciano Serpa , Wendland Eliana M
Published: November 2016

Introduction

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a cause of premalignant and malignant cancer in the lower genital and digestive tracts. In Brazil, there have been no prevalence studies that included a nationwide sample, and the prevalence of HPV has not been determined in many regions.

Methods

We will search the EMBASE, LILACS, MEDLINE, Web of Science and SciELO databases and previously published review articles to identify original research articles assessing HPV prevalence of the perineal (cervical, penile and anal) and oral areas. No exclusion criteria related to language or publication date will apply. 2 reviewers will independently screen for eligibility and perform data extraction. Discrepancies will be resolved through consensus; the opinion of a third reviewer will be sought as necessary. Relevant measures and data about study and population characteristics will be extracted from the included studies. Where possible, study prevalence will be pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. The methodological quality of the studies will be assessed using an adapted version of the NIH ‘Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies’. The overall quality of evidence will be assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).

Ethics and dissemination

We expect to estimate the prevalence of perineal and oral HPV infection in the general population as well as the prevalence of HPV infection in individuals with premalignant and malignant lesions in Brazil and its 5 geographic regions. This systematic review does not require ethical approval.

Trial registration number

CRD42016032751.
Why articles are retracted: a retrospective cross-sectional study of retraction notices at BioMed Central
Authors: Moylan Elizabeth C , Kowalczuk Maria K
Published: November 2016

Objectives

To assess why articles are retracted from BioMed Central journals, whether retraction notices adhered to the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines, and are becoming more frequent as a proportion of published articles.

Design/setting

Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 134 retractions from January 2000 to December 2015.

Results

134 retraction notices were published during this timeframe. Although they account for 0.07% of all articles published (190 514 excluding supplements, corrections, retractions and commissioned content), the rate of retraction is rising. COPE guidelines on retraction were adhered to in that an explicit reason for each retraction was given. However, some notices did not document who retracted the article (eight articles, 6%) and others were unclear whether the underlying cause was honest error or misconduct (15 articles, 11%). The largest proportion of notices was issued by the authors (47 articles, 35%). The majority of retractions were due to some form of misconduct (102 articles, 76%), that is, compromised peer review (44 articles, 33%), plagiarism (22 articles, 16%) and data falsification/fabrication (10 articles, 7%). Honest error accounted for 17 retractions (13%) of which 10 articles (7%) were published in error. The median number of days from publication to retraction was 337.5 days.

Conclusions

The most common reason to retract was compromised peer review. However, the majority of these cases date to March 2015 and appear to be the result of a systematic attempt to manipulate peer review across several publishers. Retractions due to plagiarism account for the second largest category and may be reduced by screening manuscriptsbeforepublication although this is not guaranteed. Retractions due to problems with the data may be reduced by appropriate data sharing and deposition before publication. Adopting a checklist (linked to COPE guidelines) and templates for various classes of retraction notices would increase transparency of retraction notices in future.
The psychologist, the psychoanalyst and the ‘extraordinary child’ in postwar British science fiction
Authors: Tisdall Laura
Published: November 2016

A sudden influx of portrayals of ‘extraordinary children’ emerged in British science fiction after the Second World War. Such children both violated and confirmed the new set of expectations about ordinary childhood that emerged from the findings of developmental psychologists around the same time. Previous work on extraordinary children in both science fiction and horror has tended to confine the phenomenon to an ‘evil child boom’ within the American filmmaking industry in the 1970s. This article suggests that a much earlier trend is visible in British postwar science fiction texts, analysing a cluster of novels that emerged in the 1950s: Arthur C. Clarke'sChildhood's End(1953), William Golding'sLord of the Flies(1954) and John Wyndham'sThe Midwich Cuckoos(1957). It will be argued that the groups of extraordinary children in these novels both tap into newer child-centred assertions about the threats posed by abnormal childhood, underwritten by psychology and psychoanalysis, and represent a reaction to an older progressive tradition in which children were envisaged as the single hope for a utopian future. This article will ultimately assert that the sudden appearance of extraordinary children in science fiction reflects a profound shift in assessment criteria for healthy childhood in Britain from the 1950s onwards, an issue that had become vitally important in a fledgling social democracy.
Association of GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms with coronary artery disease in North Indian Punjabi population: a case-control study
Authors: Bhat Mohd Akbar , Gandhi Gursatej
Published: November 2016

Background

Glutathione S-transferases are metabolic enzymes which are responsible for detoxification of endogenous (products of oxidative stress) as well as exogenous (drugs, pesticides, herbicides, environmental pollutants and carcinogens) products. Dysfunctional detoxification enzymes are responsible for the production of oxidative stress; a major contributor to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Objectives

The present case-control study aimed to investigate the association of GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms with CAD.

Methods

In the present study, 200 patients diagnosed with CAD and 200 age, sex and population subgroup matched healthy controls were enrolled. The GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms were examined using multiplex PCR.

Results

The frequency of GSTT1 null genotype was significantly (p=0.038) lower in patients with CAD (6.00%) than in controls (12.50%). The GSTT1 null genotype showed protection against CAD (OR=0.45, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.92, p=0.028). The frequency of GSTM1 null genotype was significantly (p=0.004) higher in patients (31%) compared with controls (18%). The GSTM1 null genotype conferred twofold increased risk of developing CAD (OR=2.05, 95% CI 1.28 to 3.27, p=0.003).

Conclusions

The results concluded that the GSTT1 null genotype showed protection against CAD while the GSTM1 null genotype might be involved in the pathogenesis and development of CAD.
Transdiaphragmatic pericardiectomy in dogs
Authors: De Ridder M. , Kitshoff A. , Devriendt N. , Or M. , Rubio – Guzman A. , de Rooster H.
Published: November 2016

In patients with recurrent pericardial effusions, pericardiectomy is indicated. The purpose of this study was to describe a transdiaphragmatic approach for subtotal pericardiectomy in dogs and to evaluate its feasibility. In total, 20 canine cadavers weighing less than 10 kg (group S) and 20 weighing more than 20 kg (group L) were used. Within each group, half underwent a subphrenic pericardiectomy via an intercostal approach and half via a transdiaphragmatic approach. For each approach and within each weight group, the percentage of resected pericardium was calculated and compared. Additionally, a case series of nine consecutive client‐owned dogs that underwent a transdiaphragmatic pericardiectomy for pericardial effusion was reported. Exposure of pericardium and associated phrenic nerves was excellent in cadavers and clinical patients. In group S, the percentage of resected pericardium was not significantly different between the two approaches. In group L, on the other hand, the percentage of resected pericardium was lower with the transdiaphragmatic approach compared with the intercostal approach (P=0.001). In the clinical patients, no intraoperative complications were encountered and no recurrence of pericardial effusion was seen. Subtotal pericardiectomy via a transdiaphragmatic approach is straightforward and a safe surgical procedure to obtain permanent pericardial drainage in small and large breed dogs.
Wild animals don't make appointments
Authors: Panto Bev
Published: November 2016

Bev Panto grew up with a keen interest in wildlife, as well as being an active member of a local conservation group and a ‘young ornithologist’. Twenty years on, she is now a wildlife vet
Comparative study of coral sand and silica sand in creep under general stress states
Authors: Lv Yaru , Li Feng , Liu Yawen , Fan Pengxian , Wang Mingyang
Published: November 2016

Coral sand has individual characteristics that differ from silica sand, such as creep behavior that is always attributed to particle crushing under high stress states. To understand the creep behavior of coral sand under general stress levels, three series of comparative triaxial tests relevant to the deviator stress, confining pressure, and relative density were performed on coral sand and silica sand creeping for more than 5 days. The volumetric, axial, and shear creeps of coral sand are considerably larger than those of silica sand, particularly under a relatively high confining pressure. The volumetric creep strain of coral sand was found to be contractive, but that of silica sand appeared dilative according to the creep time. This difference is not mainly governed by particle crushing in coral sand because the grain-size distribution prior to and after creep is similar. The grain skeletons were observed using a scanning electron microscope, finding that, independent of the grain size and shape, the coral grains include large amounts of cavities. The creep of coral sand under general stress conditions is mainly caused by particle interlocking, i.e., the angular regions of some particles interlock into the cavities of other particles due to particle rotation. This structuration is induced by breakage of asperities and voids during creep such as the local instability near cavities.
Modern zethrene chemistry
Authors: Hu Pan , Wu Jishan
Published: November 2016

This paper gives a brief summary of zethrene chemistry after the pioneering works by Clar, Mitchell, Sondheimer, and Staab et al. In the past a few years, various synthetic methods and stabilizing strategies have been developed, which have made the synthesis of stable, vertically and laterally extended zethrenes practically achievable. One of the most important discoveries for this type of molecule is their open-shell diradical character, which is the origin of their unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. The fundamental structure–diradical character–physical property relationships were investigated, and these studies form the basis for the tailored design of more general open-shell singlet diradicaloids with controllable diradical character and physical properties.
Neuromuscular manifestations of work-related myalgia in women specific to extensor carpi radialis brevis
Authors: Green Howard J. , Ranney Don , Kyle Natasha , Lounsbury David , Smith Ian C. , Stewart Riley , Thomas Melissa M. , Tick Heather , Tupling A. Russell
Published: November 2016

This study assessed neuromuscular function in the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) of female workers diagnosed with work-related myalgia (WRM, n = 14, age 45.2 ± 1.9 years) and the ECRB of healthy controls (CON, n = 10, age 34.6 ± 2.5 years). Groups were compared on voluntary and electrically evoked functional responses at rest (Pre), immediately following a 5 min repetitive task (Post-0) performed at 60% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and after 5 min of recovery (Post-5). Despite near complete motor unit activation (MUA) (CON 98% ± 1% vs. WRM 99% ± 1%), at Pre, WRM produced 26% less (P < 0.05) MVC force than CON. Following an MVC, twitch force was increased (P < 0.05) by 94% ± 13% and 54% ± 11% in CON and WRM, respectively (CON vs. WRM; P < 0.05). The peak force and the maximal rates of force development and decline of electrically evoked contractions (10–100 Hz) were generally depressed (P < 0.05) at Post-0 and Post-5 relative to Pre. The response pattern to increasing frequencies of stimulation was not different (P > 0.05) between groups and MUA was not impaired (CON 97% ± 1% vs. WRM 97% ± 1%; P > 0.05). In conclusion, the peripheral weakness observed in the ECRB in WRM at rest does not result in abnormal fatigue or recovery responses after performing a task controlled for relative demand (60% MVC).
Modelling quantum black holes
Authors: Govindarajan T. R. , Munõz-Castañeda J. M.
Published: November 2016

Novel bound states are obtained for manifolds with singular potentials. These singular potentials require proper boundary conditions across boundaries. The number of bound states matches nicely with what we would expect for black holes. Also they serve to model membrane mechanism for the black hole horizons in simpler contexts. The singular potentials can also mimic expanding boundaries elegantly, thereby obtaining appropriately tuned radiation rates.
Topological structure of the vacuum, cosmological constant and dark energy
Authors: Sidharth B. G. , Das A. , Das C. R. , Laperashvili L. V. , Nielsen H. B.
Published: November 2016

In this review, we present a theory of cosmological constant and dark energy (DE), based on the topological structure of the vacuum. The multiple point principle (MPP) is reviewed. It demonstrates the existence of the two vacua into the SM. The Froggatt–Nielsen’s prediction of the top-quark and Higgs masses is given in the assumption that there exist two degenerate vacua in the SM. This prediction was improved by the next-order calculations. We also considered Sidharth’s theory of cosmological constant based on the noncommutative geometry of the Planck scale space–time, what gives an extremely small DE density providing the accelerating expansion of the Universe. Theory of two degenerate vacua — the Planck scale phase and electroweak (EW) phase — is also reviewed, topological defects in these vacua are investigated, also the Compton wavelength phase suggested by Sidharth is discussed. A general theory of the phase transition and the problem of the vacuum stability in the SM is reviewed. Assuming the existence of a new scalar [Formula: see text] bound state [Formula: see text], earlier predicted by Froggatt, Nielsen and Laperashvili, we try to provide the vacuum stability in the SM and exact accuracy of the MPP.
Resonant multilead point-contact tunneling: Boundary state formulation
Authors: Lee Taejin
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we study a model of resonant multilead point-contact tunneling by using the boundary state formulation. At a critical point, the model is described by multiflavor chiral fermions on an infinite line with a point contact interaction at the origin. By applying the folding procedure, previously developed for the model of resonant point-contact tunneling of a single lead, we map the model onto a nonchiral fermion model defined on the half line. The resonant point-contact tunneling interaction is transcribed into a nonlocal effective boundary interaction in the folded setup, where the boundary state formulation is applicable. We construct the boundary states for the models with two and three leads explicitly and evaluate the correlation functions of currents operators exactly. The electron transport between the leads is dominated by the resonant point-contact tunneling in the low frequency regime. We observe some [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] group theoretical structures, which may be useful to analyze more complex models.