bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ode
Authors: Yoshinaka Takashi
Published: July 2024

The development of lofty, often celebratory odes in seventeenth-century England draws on two main classical models, Pindar and Horace. After giving a concise definition of the ode, which has musical and athletic origins, and describing related variations of it, this chapter traces the seventeenth century’s investment in this characteristically ambivalent form in light of the desire for psychological stability, the pressures of propaganda, and the rise of scepticism and heterodoxy. Framing the movement of the ode through the century with the idea of doubleness, the chapter also offers individual close readings of Ben Jonson’s Cary-Morison Ode, Andrew Marvell’s ‘Horatian Ode’, Abraham Cowley’s ‘Brutus’ ode, and John Dryden’s song for St Cecilia’s Day: ‘Alexander’s Feast’, which moves from the doubled mode of odes in public contexts towards the type of Romantic odes in which the poet’s private experience and emotion become central.
Cavalier Poetry
Authors: McDowell Nicholas
Published: July 2024

‘The Cavalier poets’ remains the short-hand phrase for those mid-seventeenth-century poets seen as central to the Caroline lyric tradition, in particular, Robert Herrick, Thomas Carew, Sir John Suckling, and Richard Lovelace. ‘Cavalier’ identifies a school of writing largely by allegiance to the royalist cause in the English Civil Wars rather than by a distinguishing literary attribute. Yet none of these four writers ever fought in the Civil Wars, and, apart from Lovelace, they wrote their poetry mostly before the wars even began. This chapter shifts the critical focus towards the recovery of the distinctive literary features of a poetic tradition shaped by a vibrant and learned engagement with European literary culture. While Carew, Suckling, Lovelace, and Herrick remain the central figures in this reconfiguring of the ‘Cavalier mode’, they are regarded from the alternative perspective of a cosmopolitan culture of poetic experimentation encouraged by continental travel and involvement in inventive literary communities, both before and after the outbreak of civil war.
Andrew Marvell
Authors: Loxley James
Published: July 2024

Andrew Marvell is one of the most intriguing poets of the seventeenth century, with his distinctive mix of lyric interiority, acute political sensitivity, and unrestrained satire. This chapter starts from the point of view of one of Marvell’s contemporary readers encountering his poems in print for the first time; it then goes on to explore the varying dimensions of this body of work in lyric, political verse, and satire with an eye both for Marvell’s distinctive contribution to each genre and an eye for the poetic dynamics that operate across it, weaving through its different genres and preoccupations, and challenging its readers in the present as well as the past.
Katherine Philips
Authors: Prescott Sarah
Published: July 2024

The seventeenth-century poet Katherine Philips has predominantly been interpreted as an English poet of royalist sympathies preoccupied with the theme of female friendship in a Platonic coterie context that was reliant on manuscript circulation. This chapter explores these approaches but argues that the poet’s complex biographical and ideological background both expands these accepted interpretations and complicates them in a variety of ways. By looking instead at Philips primarily as an Anglophone Welsh women writer, who also spent a key part of her literary career in Dublin, it is suggested that she shaped her poetic identity within a local bardic as well as an archipelagic context. As such, Philips’ much noted cultivation of poetic friendship and her authorial practices can be seen as directly linked to and thus shaped by the cultural and geographical immediacy of her Welsh and Irish experience.
John Dryden
Authors: Lewis Jayne
Published: July 2024

This chapter addresses John Dryden’s exceptionally wide-ranging poetic oeuvre—encompassing elegy, satire, narrative verse, panegyric, prologue and epilogue, song, fable, ode, historical epic, religious meditation, and translation—under the rubric of poetics in transition. Dryden’s poetry is often seen spatially and positionally, in terms of its ideological stances, and thus in light of tensions and contradictions that these expose. But equally significant are the modes of movement—from line to line, from idea to idea, from genre to genre, from figure to figure, from faith to faith, and even from time to time—that not only negotiated personal passages between seasons of life but shaped anglophone literary culture in rapidly changing times. Attention to Dryden’s (ironically) lifelong preoccupation with death as a locus of transformation and an agent of change shows how his work over the last four decades of the seventeenth century turned English poetry into an activity of collective mourning, cultural reconstitution, and projected futurity.
Bee monitoring by community scientists: comparing a collections-based program with iNaturalist
Authors: Turley Nash E , Kania Sarah E , Petitta Isabella R , Otruba Elizabeth A , Biddinger David J , Butzler Thomas M , Sesler Valerie V , López-Uribe Margarita M
Published: July 2024

Bee monitoring, or widespread efforts to document bee community biodiversity, can involve data collection using lethal (specimen collections) or non-lethal methods (observations, photographs). Additionally, data can be collected by professional scientists or by volunteer participants from the general public. Collection-based methods presumably produce more reliable data with fewer biases against certain taxa, while photography-based approaches, such as data collected from public natural history platforms like iNaturalist, can involve more people and cover a broader geographic area. Few efforts have been made to quantify the pros and cons of these different approaches. We established a community science monitoring program to assess bee biodiversity across the state of Pennsylvania (USA) using specimen collections with nets, blue vane traps, and bowl traps. We recruited 26 participants, mostly Master Gardeners, from across the state to sample bees after receiving extensive training on bee monitoring topics and methods. The specimens they collected were identified to species, stored in museum collections, and the data added to public databases. Then, we compared the results from our collections to research-grade observations from iNaturalist during the same time period (2021 and 2022). At state and county levels, we found collections data documented over twice as much biodiversity and novel baseline natural history data (state and county records) than data from iNaturalist. iNaturalist data showed strong biases toward large-bodied and non-native species. This study demonstrates the value of highly trained community scientists for collections-based research that aims to document patterns of bee biodiversity over space and time.
Implementation and early outcomes with Pathogen Reduced Cryoprecipitated Fibrinogen Complex
Authors: Sethapati V Rakesh , Pham Tho D , Quach Thinh , Nguyen Anhthu , Le Jimmy , Cai Wei , Virk Mrigender Singh
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Cryoprecipitated antihemophilic factor (cryo) has been used for fibrinogen replacement in actively bleeding patients, dysfibrinogenemia, and hypofibrinogenemia. Cryo has a shelf life of 4 to 6 hours after thawing and a long turnaround time in issuing the product, posing a major limitation of its use. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration approved Pathogen Reduced Cryoprecipitated Fibrinogen Complex (INTERCEPT Fibrinogen Complex [IFC]) for the treatment of bleeding associated with fibrinogen deficiency, which can be stored at room temperature and has a shelf life of 5 days after thawing.

Methods

We identified locations and specific end users with high cryoprecipitate utilization and waste. We partnered with our blood supplier to use IFC in these locations. We analyzed waste and turnaround time before and after implementation.

Results

Operative locations had a waste rate that exceeded nonoperative locations (16.7% vs 3%) and were targeted for IFC implementation. IFC was added to our inventory to replace all cryo orders from adult operating rooms, and waste decreased to 2.2% in these locations. Overall waste of cryoprecipitated products across all locations was reduced from 8.8% to 2.4%. The turnaround time for cryoprecipitated products was reduced by 58% from 30.4 minutes to 14.6 minutes.

Conclusions

There has been a substantial decrease in waste with improved turnaround time after IFC implementation. This has improved blood bank logistics, improved efficiency of patient care, and reduced costly waste.
Antibiotic stewardship in the emergency department setting: Focus on oral antibiotic selection for adults with skin and soft tissue infections
Authors: Draper Heather M , Rybak Michael J , LaPlante Kerry L , Lodise Thomas , Sakoulas George , Burk Muriel , Cunningham Francesca E
Published: July 2024

Purpose

An advisory panel of experts was convened by the ASHP Foundation as a part of its Medication-Use Evaluation Resources initiative to provide commentary on an approach to antibiotic stewardship in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), with a focus on oral antibiotics in the emergency department (ED) setting for patients who will be treated as outpatients. Considerations include a need to update existing guidelines to reflect new antibiotics and susceptibility patterns, patient-specific criteria impacting antibiotic selection, and logistics unique to the ED setting.

While national guidelines serve as the gold standard on which to base SSTI treatment decisions, our advisory panel stressed that institutional guidelines must be regularly updated and grounded in local antimicrobial resistance patterns, patient-specific factors, and logistical considerations. Convening a team of experts locally to establish institution-specific guidelines as part of a comprehensive antibiotic stewardship program can ensure patients receive the most appropriate oral therapy for the outpatient treatment of SSTIs in patients visiting the ED.

Conclusion

SSTI treatment considerations for antibiotic selection in the ED supported by current, evidence-based guidelines, including guidance on optimal oral antibiotic selection for patients discharged for outpatient treatment, are a useful tool to improve the quality and efficiency of care, enhance patient-centric outcomes and satisfaction, decrease healthcare costs, and reduce overuse of antibiotics.
Insular and limbic abnormal functional connectivity in early-stage Parkinson’s disease patients with autonomic dysfunction
Authors: Conti Matteo , Garasto Elena , Bovenzi Roberta , Ferrari Valerio , Mercuri Nicola B , Di Giuliano Francesca , Cerroni Rocco , Pierantozzi Mariangela , Schirinzi Tommaso , Stefani Alessandro , Rocchi Camilla
Published: July 2024

Autonomic symptoms in Parkinson’s disease result from variable involvement of the central and peripheral systems, but many aspects remain unclear. The analysis of functional connectivity has shown promising results in assessing the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease. This study aims to investigate the association between autonomic symptoms and cortical functional connectivity in early Parkinson’s disease patients using high-density EEG. 53 early Parkinson’s disease patients (F/M 18/35) and 49 controls (F/M 20/29) were included. Autonomic symptoms were evaluated using the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s disease–Autonomic Dysfunction score. Data were recorded with a 64-channel EEG system. We analyzed cortical functional connectivity, based on weighted phase-lag index, in θ-α-β-low-γ bands. A network-based statistic was used to perform linear regression between Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s disease–Autonomic Dysfunction score and functional connectivity in Parkinson’s disease patients. We observed a positive relation between the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s disease–Autonomic Dysfunction score and α-functional connectivity (network τ = 2.8, P = 0.038). Regions with higher degrees were insula and limbic lobe. Moreover, we found positive correlations between the mean connectivity of this network and the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and thermoregulatory domains of Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s disease–Autonomic Dysfunction. Our results revealed abnormal functional connectivity in specific areas in Parkinson’s disease patients with greater autonomic symptoms. Insula and limbic areas play a significant role in the regulation of the autonomic system. Increased functional connectivity in these regions might represent the central compensatory mechanism of peripheral autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease.
2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections: Risk Assessment, Diagnostic Imaging, and Microbiological Evaluation in Adults, Children, and Pregnant People
Authors: Bonomo Robert A , Chow Anthony W , Edwards Morven S , Humphries Romney , Tamma Pranita D , Abrahamian Fredrick M , Bessesen Mary , Dellinger E Patchen , Goldstein Ellie , Hayden Mary K , Kaye Keith S , Potoski Brian A , Rodríguez-Baño Jesús , Sawyer Robert , Skalweit Marion , Snydman David R , Pahlke Sarah , Donnelly Katelyn , Loveless Jennifer
Published: July 2024

As the first part of an update to the clinical practice guideline on the diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the panel presents 21 updated recommendations. These recommendations span risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation. The panel's recommendations are based on evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.
The Composition Date of the Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi (IP2) Reconsidered
Authors: Spencer Stephen J
Published: July 2024

Since Hans Eberhard Mayer’s ground-breaking study of 1962, scholars have almost invariably dated one of the longest western narratives of the Third Crusade, the compilation known as the Itinerarium peregrinorum et gesta regis Ricardi, or IP2, to 1216–22. Challenging this deep-rooted view, this article proposes an earlier composition date and, in turn, casts new light on the work’s purpose and the circumstances of its creation. An analysis of both the text itself and crucial evidence for its early reception at Coggeshall Abbey indicates that IP2 was written at some point between 1194 and circa 1201, and most probably in the period 1197–1201. Reflecting on the wider ramifications of this re-dating, it is argued that two fundamental assumptions surrounding the text’s composition require revision: that IP2 was the work of Richard de Templo, prior of Holy Trinity, Aldgate; and that it was composed with a recruitment or political agenda in mind. The article contends that Richard de Templo’s predecessor at Holy Trinity, Prior Peter of Cornwall, played a prominent role in the composition process, almost certainly commissioning the work and probably overseeing its creation, while the compiler’s source selection, the text’s format and the intellectual climate in which it was produced instead point to the guiding principle of preservation: that IP2 was compiled to preserve the story of the Third Crusade, and King Richard I of England’s crusading exploits, for posterity.
Pilot study of a heart-healthy food box intervention for Native Americans with uncontrolled hypertension: methods and results from the Chickasaw Healthy Eating Environments Research Study
Authors: Taniguchi Tori , Williams-Nguyen Jessica , Muller Clemma S , Fyfe-Johnson Amber , Henderson Austin , Umans Jason G , Standridge Joy , Shackleford Tyra , Rosenman Robert , Buchwald Dedra , Jernigan Valarie Bluebird
Published: July 2024

We sought to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of a culturally tailored food box intervention for improving blood pressure (BP), food security and Body Mass Index (BMI) among Chickasaw Nation adults with uncontrolled hypertension. As part of the Chickasaw Healthy Eating Environments Research Study (CHEERS), we administered a group randomized pilot study in four tribal communities (two intervention, two control). Participants in the intervention communities received six heart-healthy food boxes, culturally tailored to traditional Chickasaw diet and current food context. Outcomes were measured over 6 months. We enrolled 262 participants, and 204 with complete data on key variables were included in the analysis. The food boxes were very popular, and we achieved high retention for follow-up data collection. Intervention community participants had 2.6 mmHg lower mean systolic BP and improved diet quality and BMI compared with control participants, although, as expected for a pilot study, the differences were not statistically significant. The culturally tailored diet intervention and randomized trial study design were acceptable and feasible for Chickasaw Nation adults with uncontrolled hypertension. Our findings support the value of tribal-food bank partnerships as a potential approach for reducing food insecurity and hypertension-related disparities in Native American communities.
Cost-effectiveness evaluation of mass-rearing Cadra cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) based on harvest theory for sustainable alternative prey production
Authors: Lin Ya-Ying , Hung Yi-Ting , Tuan Shu-Jen , Güncan Ali , Saska Pavel , Yao Me-Chi , Tang Cheng-Kang
Published: July 2024

Cadra cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a pest in barn, and its eggs are often utilized as an alternative prey or as hosts for mass production of insect predators and parasitoids. To aid in developing a mass-rearing system for C. castella, the suitability of using an artificial diet based on brown rice flour and whole brown rice was compared using the age-stage, 2-sex life table. Compared with those reared on brown rice, the insects reared on an artificial diet had a shorter preadult period (32.08 vs 37.38 d), higher fecundity (468.14 vs 356.20 eggs/female), greater intrinsic rate of increase (0.1509 vs 0.1145 d−1), and higher net reproductive rate (199.28 vs 103.52 offspring). Small populations were required to rear the moth on an artificial diet to achieve the same daily production of C. cautella. Still, the food expense was only 60.2% of that of C. cautella reared on brown rice. Approximately 99.44% of the eggs in each rearing procedure could be supplied as alternative prey for predators, with the remainder served to maintain the colonies for subsequent batches. Only eggs laid within 6 d would be utilized to ensure the high quality of alternative prey for the mass production of predacious bugs. Additionally, a multifunctional device was designed for moth rearing and egg collection, reducing labor input and minimizing health risks for workers coping with inhaled scales. To encourage the production of natural enemies, a cost-effective diet for maintaining a sustainable colony, and a system for daily egg-harvesting of alternative prey were proposed.
Pan-cancer bioinformatics indicates zinc finger protein 207 is a promising prognostic biomarker and immunotherapeutic target
Authors: Hu Qinglin , Yue Bing , Liu Jing , Gao Yuxia , Huang Xin , Hu Yi
Published: July 2024

In the era of personalized cancer treatment, understanding the complexities of tumor biology and immune modulation is paramount. This comprehensive analysis delves into the multifaceted role of zinc finger protein 207 (ZNF207) in pan-cancer, shedding light on its involvement in tumorigenesis, immune evasion, and therapeutic implications. Through integrated genomic and clinical data analysis, we reveal consistent upregulation of ZNF207 across diverse cancer types, highlighting its potential as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target, particularly for liver cancers. Notably, ZNF207 demonstrates intricate associations with clinical–pathological features, immune subtypes, and molecular pathways, indicating its pervasive influence in cancer biology. Furthermore, our study uncovers ZNF207's involvement in immune escape mechanisms, suggesting its potential as a modulator of immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. These findings underscore the significance of ZNF207 in shaping cancer progression and immune landscape, presenting promising avenues for targeted therapy and immunomodulation. Recognizing ZNF207's multifaceted contributions to cancer progression and immune evasion suggests its central role in understanding tumor immunology, beyond mere therapeutic targeting. Nevertheless, further mechanistic studies are imperative to elucidate ZNF207's precise molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in cancer treatment. This study primarily utilized various bioinformatics tools such as TIMER 2.0, cProSite, UALCAN, SangerBox, GEPIA2, TISIDB, and TIDE to analyze the expression of ZNF207 in multiple cancer samples from the TCGA database.
XMM–Newton Ultra Narrow Deep Field survey – II. X-ray spectral analysis of the brightest AGN population
Authors: Elías-Chávez M , Longinotti A L , Krongold Y , Rosa-González D , Vignali C , Mathur S , Miyaji T , Mayya Y D , Nicastro F
Published: July 2024

In this work, we present the results of a detailed X-ray spectral analysis of the brightest active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected in the XMM–Newton 1.75 Ms Ultra Narrow Deep Field. We analysed 23 AGNs that have a luminosity range of $\sim 10^{42} {\!-\!} 10^{46}\, \rm {erg}\, \rm {s}^{-1}$ in the $2 {\!-\!} 10\, \rm {keV}$ energy band, redshifts up to 2.66, and $\sim 10\,000$ X-ray photon counts in the $0.3{ \!-\! }10\, \rm {keV}$ energy band. Our analysis confirms the ‘Iwasawa–Taniguchi effect,’ an anticorrelation between the X-ray luminosity ($L_x$) and the Fe–k$\alpha$ equivalent width (${\rm EW}_{\rm Fe}$) possibly associated with the decreasing of the torus covering factor as the AGN luminosity increases. We investigated the relationship among black hole mass ($M_{\rm BH}$), $L_x$, and X-ray variability, quantified by the Normalized Excess Variance ($\sigma ^2_{\rm rms}$). Our analysis suggest an anticorrelation in both $M_{\rm BH} - \sigma ^2_{\rm rms}$ and $L_x- \sigma ^2_{\rm rms}$ relations. The first is described as $\sigma ^2_{\rm rms} \propto M^{-0.26 \pm 0.05}_{\rm BH}$, while the second presents a similar trend with $\sigma ^2_{\rm rms} \propto L_{x}^{-0.31 \pm 0.04}$. These results support the idea that the luminosity–variability anticorrelation is a byproduct of an intrinsic relationship between the BH mass and the X-ray variability, through the size of the emitting region. Finally, we found a strong correlation among the Eddington ratio ($\lambda _{\rm Edd}$), the hard X-ray photon index ($\Gamma$), and the illumination factor $\log (A)$, which is related to the ratio between the number of Compton scattered photons and the number of seed photons. The $\log (\lambda _{\rm Edd})-\Gamma -\log (A)$ plane could arise naturally from the connection between the accretion flow and the hot corona.
Broad absorption line quasars in the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Early Data Release
Authors: Filbert S , Martini P , Seebaluck K , Ennesser L , Alexander D M , Bault A , Brodzeller A , Herrera-Alcantar H K , Montero-Camacho P , Pérez-Ràfols I , Ramírez-Pérez C , Ravoux C , Tan T , Aguilar J , Ahlen S , Bailey S , Brooks D , Claybaugh T , Dawson K , de la Macorra A , Doel P , Fanning K , Font-Ribera A , Forero-Romero J E , Gontcho A Gontcho S , Guy J , Kirkby D , Kremin A , Magneville C , Manera M , Meisner A , Miquel R , Moustakas J , Nie J , Percival W J , Prada F , Rezaie M , Rossi G , Sanchez E , Schubnell M , Seo H , Tarlé G , Weaver B A , Zhou Z
Published: July 2024

Broad absorption line (BAL) quasars are characterized by gas clouds that absorb flux at the wavelength of common quasar spectral features, although blueshifted by velocities that can exceed $0.1c$. BAL features are interesting as signatures of significant feedback, yet they can also compromise cosmological studies with quasars by distorting the shape of the most prominent quasar emission lines, impacting redshift accuracy and measurements of the matter density distribution traced by the Lyman $\alpha$ forest. We present a catalogue of BAL quasars discovered in the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey Early Data Release, which were observed as part of DESI Survey Validation, as well as the first two months of the main survey. We describe our method to automatically identify BAL quasars in DESI data, the quantities we measure for each BAL, and investigate the completeness and purity of this method with mock DESI observations. We mask the wavelengths of the BAL features and re-evaluate each BAL quasar redshift, finding new redshifts which are $243\, {\rm km}\, {\rm s}^{-1}$ smaller on average for the BAL quasar sample. These new, more accurate redshifts are important to obtain the best measurements of quasar clustering, especially at small scales. Finally, we present some spectra of rarer classes of BALs that illustrate the potential of DESI data to identify such populations for further study.
New rotational rate coefficients computation of the linear NaC3N(X1Σ+) by collision with He(1S) and astrophysical implication
Authors: Terzi N , Khadri F , Hammami K
Published: July 2024

For a better understanding of the physico-chemistry in the interstellar medium, collisional data are needed. In this work, we provide rate coefficients for the recently detected by Cabezas and collaborators in 2023 sodium cyanoacetylide molecule NaC$_{3}$N($X^{1}\Sigma ^{+}$) induced by collisions with He. A new two-dimensional potential energy surface (2D-PES) is derived by adopting the high-level theory of the explicitly correlated coupled cluster with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations (CCSD(T)-F12) in conjunction with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets. Our 2D-PES presents two minima: the global one with a well depth of $-86.58$ cm$^{-1}$ and the second well with a $-47.01$ cm$^{-1}$ depth. This was expected by the Natural Bond Orbital analysis showing two electrophilic zones located on Na and N linked Carbon with respective atomic charges : $+0.96575$ and $+0.28910$. This PES was used to calculate inelastic cross-sections within the framework of the close-coupling theory for total energies $\le 170$ cm$^{-1}$ and $J\le 22$. Using the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution of kinetic energies, these cross-sections were integrated to generate the collisional (de)-excitation rate coefficients for temperatures below 30 K. In order to estimate the impact of the computed collisional rates, a non-local thermodynamical equilibrium radiative transfer calculation was performed. The new collisional data can allow accurate NaC$_{3}$N abundance determination in the interstellar medium.
RESC14 and RESC8 cooperate to mediate RESC function and dynamics during trypanosome RNA editing
Authors: Wackowski Katherine , Zhu Xiaoyu , Shen Shichen , Zhang Ming , Qu Jun , Read Laurie K
Published: July 2024

Mitochondrial transcripts in Trypanosoma brucei require extensive uridine insertion/deletion RNA editing to generate translatable open reading frames. The RNA editing substrate binding complex (RESC) serves as the scaffold that coordinates the protein–protein and protein–RNA interactions during editing. RESC broadly contains two modules termed the guide RNA binding complex (GRBC) and the RNA editing mediator complex (REMC), as well as organizer proteins. How the protein and RNA components of RESC dynamically interact to facilitate editing is not well understood. Here, we examine the roles of organizer proteins, RESC8 and RESC14, in facilitating RESC dynamics. High-throughput sequencing of editing intermediates reveals an overlapping RESC8 and RESC14 function during editing progression across multiple transcripts. Blue native PAGE analysis demonstrates that RESC14 is essential for incorporation of RESC8 into a large RNA-containing complex, while RESC8 is important in recruiting a smaller ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) to this large complex. Proximity labeling shows that RESC14 is important for stable RESC protein–protein interactions, as well as RESC–RECC associations. Together, our data support a model in which RESC14 is necessary for assembly of editing competent RESC through recruitment of an RNP containing RESC8, GRBC and gRNA to REMC and mRNA.
Phosphorylation at the disordered N-end makes HuR accumulate and dimerize in the cytoplasm
Authors: Baños-Jaime Blanca , Corrales-Guerrero Laura , Pérez-Mejías Gonzalo , Rejano-Gordillo Claudia M , Velázquez-Campoy Adrián , Martínez-Cruz Luis Alfonso , Martínez-Chantar María Luz , De la Rosa Miguel A , Díaz-Moreno Irene
Published: July 2024

Human antigen R (HuR) is an RNA binding protein mainly involved in maintaining the stability and controlling the translation of mRNAs, critical for immune response, cell survival, proliferation and apoptosis. Although HuR is a nuclear protein, its mRNA translational-related function occurs at the cytoplasm, where the oligomeric form of HuR is more abundant. However, the regulation of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of HuR and its connection with protein oligomerization remain unclear. In this work, we describe the phosphorylation of Tyr5 as a new hallmark for HuR activation. Our biophysical, structural and computational assays using phosphorylated and phosphomimetic HuR proteins demonstrate that phosphorylation of Tyr5 at the disordered N-end stretch induces global changes on HuR dynamics and conformation, modifying the solvent accessible surface of the HuR nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling (HNS) sequence and releasing regions implicated in HuR dimerization. These findings explain the preferential cytoplasmic accumulation of phosphorylated HuR in HeLa cells, aiding to comprehend the mechanisms underlying HuR nucleus-cytoplasm shuttling and its later dimerization, both of which are relevant in HuR-related pathogenesis.
Single-molecule characterization of SV40 replisome and novel factors: human FPC and Mcm10
Authors: Ouyang Yujing , Al-Amodi Amani , Tehseen Muhammad , Alhudhali Lubna , Shirbini Afnan , Takahashi Masateru , Raducanu Vlad-Stefan , Yi Gang , Danazumi Ammar Usman , De Biasio Alfredo , Hamdan Samir M
Published: July 2024

The simian virus 40 (SV40) replisome only encodes for its helicase; large T-antigen (L-Tag), while relying on the host for the remaining proteins, making it an intriguing model system. Despite being one of the earliest reconstituted eukaryotic systems, the interactions coordinating its activities and the identification of new factors remain largely unexplored. Herein, we in vitro reconstituted the SV40 replisome activities at the single-molecule level, including DNA unwinding by L-Tag and the single-stranded DNA-binding protein Replication Protein A (RPA), primer extension by DNA polymerase δ, and their concerted leading-strand synthesis. We show that RPA stimulates the processivity of L-Tag without altering its rate and that DNA polymerase δ forms a stable complex with L-Tag during leading-strand synthesis. Furthermore, similar to human and budding yeast Cdc45–MCM–GINS helicase, L-Tag uses the fork protection complex (FPC) and the mini-chromosome maintenance protein 10 (Mcm10) during synthesis. Hereby, we demonstrate that FPC increases this rate, and both FPC and Mcm10 increase the processivity by stabilizing stalled replisomes and increasing their chances of restarting synthesis. The detailed kinetics and novel factors of the SV40 replisome establish it as a closer mimic of the host replisome and expand its application as a model replication system.
Structural insight into the Csx1–Crn2 fusion self-limiting ribonuclease of type III CRISPR system
Authors: Zhang Danping , Du Liyang , Gao Haishan , Yuan Cai , Lin Zhonghui
Published: July 2024

In the type III CRISPR system, cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) molecules act as second messengers, activating various promiscuous ancillary nucleases that indiscriminately degrade host and viral DNA/RNA. Conversely, ring nucleases, by specifically cleaving cOA molecules, function as off-switches to protect host cells from dormancy or death, and allow viruses to counteract immune responses. The fusion protein Csx1–Crn2, combining host ribonuclease with viral ring nuclease, represents a unique self-limiting ribonuclease family. Here, we describe the structures of Csx1–Crn2 from the organism of Marinitoga sp., in both its full-length and truncated forms, as well as in complex with cA4. We show that Csx1–Crn2 operates as a homo-tetramer, a configuration crucial for preserving the structural integrity of the HEPN domain and ensuring effective ssRNA cleavage. The binding of cA4 to the CARF domain triggers significant conformational changes across the CARF, HTH, and into the HEPN domains, leading the two R-X4-6-H motifs to form a composite catalytic site. Intriguingly, an acetate ion was found to bind at this composite site by mimicking the scissile phosphate. Further molecular docking analysis reveals that the HEPN domain can accommodate a single ssRNA molecule involving both R-X4-6-H motifs, underscoring the importance of HEPN domain dimerization for its activation.
Nuclear F-actin assembly on damaged chromatin is regulated by DYRK1A and Spir1 phosphorylation
Authors: Li Junshi , Xiong Nan , West Kirk L , Leung Manton , Ching Yick Pang , Huang Jun , Yuan Jian , Yu Cheng-Han , Leung Justin , Huen Michael
Published: July 2024

Nuclear actin-based movements support DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. However, molecular determinants that promote filamentous actin (F-actin) formation on the damaged chromatin remain undefined. Here we describe the DYRK1A kinase as a nuclear activity that promotes local F-actin assembly to support DSB mobility and repair, accomplished in part by its targeting of actin nucleator spire homolog 1 (Spir1). Indeed, perturbing DYRK1A-dependent phosphorylation of S482 mis-regulated Spir1 accumulation at damaged-modified chromatin, and led to compromised DSB-associated actin polymerization and attenuated DNA repair. Our findings uncover a role of the DYRK1A–Spir1 axis in nuclear actin dynamics during early DSB responses, and highlight the intricate details of nuclear cytoskeletal network in DSB repair and genome stability maintenance.
Characterization of a MHYT domain-coupled transcriptional regulator that responds to carbon monoxide
Authors: Durante-Rodríguez Gonzalo , de Francisco-Polanco Sofía , García José Luis , Díaz Eduardo
Published: July 2024

The MHYT domain, identified over two decades ago for its potential to detect diatomic gases like CO, O2 or NO, has awaited experimental validation as a protein sensory domain. Here, we characterize the MHYT domain-containing transcriptional regulator CoxC, which governs the expression of the cox genes responsible for aerobic CO oxidation in the carboxidotrophic bacterium Afipia carboxidovorans OM5. The C-terminal LytTR-type DNA-binding domain of CoxC binds to an operator region consisting of three direct repeats sequences overlapping the –35 box at the target PcoxB promoter, which is consistent with the role of CoxC as a specific transcriptional repressor of the cox genes. Notably, the N-terminal transmembrane MHYT domain endows CoxC with the ability to sense CO as an effector molecule, as demonstrated by the relief of CoxC-mediated repression and binding to the PcoxB promoter upon CO exposure. Furthermore, copper serves as the essential divalent cation for the interaction of CO with CoxC, thereby confirming previous hypothesis regarding the role of copper in the gas-sensing mechanism of MHYT domains. CoxC represents the prototype of a novel subfamily of single-component LytTR transcriptional regulators, characterized by the fusion of a DNA-binding domain with a membrane-bound MHYT sensor domain.
Dual genetic level modification engineering accelerate genome evolution of Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Wang Qing , Zhang Jie , Zhao Zhe , Li Yichen , You Jiajia , Wang Yi , Li Xiangfei , Xu Meijuan , Rao Zhiming
Published: July 2024

High spontaneous mutation rate is crucial for obtaining ideal phenotype and exploring the relationship between genes and phenotype. How to break the genetic stability of organisms and increase the mutation frequency has become a research hotspot. Here, we present a practical and controllable evolutionary tool (oMut-Cgts) based on dual genetic level modification engineering for Corynebacterium glutamicum. Firstly, the modification engineering of transcription and replication levels based on RNA polymerase α subunit and DNA helicase Cgl0854 as the ‘dock’ of cytidine deaminase (pmCDA1) significantly increased the mutation rate, proving that the localization of pmCDA1 around transient ssDNA is necessary for genome mutation. Then, the combined modification and optimization of engineering at dual genetic level achieved 1.02 × 104-fold increased mutation rate. The genome sequencing revealed that the oMut-Cgts perform uniform and efficient C:G→T:A transitions on a genome-wide scale. Furthermore, oMut-Cgts-mediated rapid evolution of C. glutamicum with stress (acid, oxidative and ethanol) tolerance proved that the tool has powerful functions in multi-dimensional biological engineering (rapid phenotype evolution, gene function mining and protein evolution). The strategies for rapid genome evolution provided in this study are expected to be applicable to a variety of applications in all prokaryotic cells.
Diversification of the Rho transcription termination factor in bacteria
Authors: Moreira Sofia M , Chyou Te-yuan , Wade Joseph T , Brown Chris M
Published: July 2024

Correct termination of transcription is essential for gene expression. In bacteria, factor-dependent termination relies on the Rho factor, that classically has three conserved domains. Some bacteria also have a functional insertion region. However, the variation in Rho structure among bacteria has not been analyzed in detail. This study determines the distribution, sequence conservation, and predicted features of Rho factors with diverse domain architectures by analyzing 2730 bacterial genomes. About half (49.8%) of the species analyzed have the typical Escherichia coli like Rho while most of the other species (39.8%) have diverse, atypical forms of Rho. Besides conservation of the main domains, we describe a duplicated RNA-binding domain present in specific species and novel variations in the bicyclomycin binding pocket. The additional regions observed in Rho proteins exhibit remarkable diversity. Commonly, however, they have exceptional amino acid compositions and are predicted to be intrinsically disordered, to undergo phase separation, or have prion-like behavior. Phase separation has recently been shown to play roles in Rho function and bacterial fitness during harsh conditions in one species and this study suggests a more widespread role. In conclusion, diverse atypical Rho factors are broadly distributed among bacteria, suggesting additional cellular roles.
Small RNA-mediated genetic switches coordinate ALG-3/4 small RNA pathway function
Authors: Sen Trilotma , McCormick Cara , Rogers Alicia K
Published: July 2024

Coordination of gene regulatory networks is necessary for proper execution of cellular programs throughout development. RNA interference (RNAi) is an essential regulatory mechanism in all metazoans. Proper RNAi-mediated gene regulation requires coordination of several RNAi branches to ensure homeostasis. For example, in Caenorhabditis elegans, the Argonautes, ALG-3 and ALG-4, are expressed specifically during spermatogenesis (L4 stage) and bind small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) complementary to sperm-enriched genes. We find that alg-3 and alg-4 are regulated by siRNAs. Our work shows that gene switches are operated via these siRNAs to regulate the Argonautes’ expression in a temporal manner. This RNAi-to-RNAi regulatory cascade is essential for coordinating ALG-3/4 pathway function, particularly during heat stress, to provide thermotolerant sperm-based fertility. This work provides insight into one regulatory motif used to maintain RNAi homeostasis, across developmental stages, despite environmental stressors. As RNAi pathways are evolutionarily conserved, other species likely use similar regulatory architectures to maintain RNAi homeostasis.
Marrow-ablative consolidation chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy delivered in a risk-adapted manner for newly diagnosed children with choroid plexus carcinoma: A work in progress
Authors: Yankelevich Maxim , Zaky Wafik , Lafay-Cousin Lucie , Osorio Diana , Adamski Jenny , Kordes Uwe , Finlay Jonathan L , Prados Michael , Mueller Sabine
Published: July 2024

Choroid plexus carcinomas (CPC) are early childhood cancers characterized by loss of TP53 function and poor survival. We are analyzing data on TP53 status, survival, and second cancers from the largest cohort of CPC receiving chemotherapy followed by consolidation with marrow-ablative chemotherapy (HDCx). Additionally, we discuss the rationale for targeted therapies for CPC patients. Currently, 8 of the 13 with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome-associated CPC were treated and continued CPC-free, indicating that HDCx improves CPC-free survival in young children with TP53-mutated CPC. These data justify the inclusion of HDCx in the planned prospective international trial for children with TP53-mutated CPC.
SPL08 JOB EXPOSURE MATRICES: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
Authors: Descatha Alexis
Published: July 2024

Obtaining accurate estimates of occupational exposures is a critical objective in epidemiological studies involving working populations. Job-Exposure Matrices (JEMs) have served this purpose for decades, particularly when individual-level exposure data are unavailable, for chemical then other exposure. A JEM is mostly a contingency table that assigns exposures to a large cohort of workers based on their job categories. This approach helps mitigate biases related to symptoms or patient status. Additionally, JEMs are helpful for assessing past exposures, where direct measurement is impossible, and relying on memory may introduce classification errors. Developing a JEM involves several steps. Firstly, the design must be defined: is it based on existing data or expert opinion? What job classification system will be utilized? What components of exposure will be considered? How will other factors be incorporated, such as time, place, gender, and prevention …? Once the framework is established, the matrix is constructed accordingly. Subsequently, its reliability needed to be test through validation studies, and process usually take years. However, users should be mindful of the limitations associated with JEMs. These matrices represent an “average” level of exposure and may not capture the individual variability within the same job category. Moreover, caution must be exercised due to the inherent limitations in their construction and job coding before using such tools. Nevertheless, JEMs offer numerous advantages for researchers, as well as public health practitioners, and occupational health professionals. They provide a systematic approach to estimating exposures and are readily available for certain occupations at collective level.
SS04-02 FREQUENCY OF MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AT WORK OVER TIME AND DESIGN OF WORKPLACE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Durand Pierre , Marchand Alain , Blanc Marie-Ève
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Numerous population-based studies have been conducted on the factors that contribute to mental health problems in the workplace and the factors that promote well-being in the workplace. However, knowledge of these factors does not mean that best practices or interventions will automatically be implemented in the workplace.

Methods

The Observatory on Mental Health and Well-being at Work (OSMET) conducted a large longitudinal study of 6602 people in 95 workplaces that participated in the OSMET Longitudinal Study (ELOSMET). This is an online survey started in 2019 that is repeated every year for five years. We will report the results of the first three years taking into account those obtained before, during, and following the intensive COVID-19 period.

Results

The frequency of nervous breakdown problems increased during COVID-19 in age groups over 35 years (14% to 17%) while the frequency of burnout decreased significantly (29.7% to 25.1%). Moreover, following this pandemic, it seems that the frequencies of these same problems are returning to their original level.

Conclusions

In these workplaces, in age groups over 35 years of age, we are seeing problems returning to work under the same conditions as before COVID-19. It is becoming clear, as we have already pointed out in previous studies, that the solutions involve a critical examination of jobs and working conditions and a new design of these.
SS16-02 APPROACH TO CONTROLLING THE RISKS LINKED TO SUBCONTRACTING: IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTERPROFESSIONAL GROUP FOR PREVENTION AND INDUSTRIAL SAFETY (GIPSI) RECEPTION AND SUPPORT APPROACH
Authors: Essoufi Abdelmajid
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The Group's policy taken as an example in terms of risk management in general is very demanding and in particular to prevent professional risks linked to external companies. A set of measures (prevention plan, work permits, training and awareness, etc.) is put in place to support the external company in carrying out the activities that have been subcontracted to it.

Method

The Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) team with the Human Resources (HR), production, maintenance and purchasing departments, has developed a specific approach to controlling the risks linked to subcontracting through the implementation of a welcoming and support approach for the external company.

Result

Achievement of objectives in terms of frequency rate and severity rate.

Discussion

Presentation of the policy and the various provisions adopted by the user company.

Conclusion

Taking charge of the risks generated by subcontractors by the user companies by involving them in the reflection makes it possible to achieve satisfactory results.
SS18 MENTAL HEALTH AND VIOLENCE ISSUES IN HEALTH WORKERS
Authors: Henriquez Caballero Marcela Paz
Published: July 2024

The crisis generated by COVID-19 brought a large number of negative consequences for workers in the health sector, which on average is made up of at least 70% women. The long working hours, the stigmatization, the fear of contagion in the family and other emotional demands of the crisis, endangered the physical and mental health of many women.

In this session we will analyse the issue and review the measures that have been most effective in dealing with violence and mental health problems at work.
SS22-02 ILO LANDMARK DECISION: A TIMELY BRIDGE FOR VULNERABLE WORKERS TOWARDS SDG8 - DECENT WORK
Authors: Seneviratne Mahinda
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The landmark ILO decision to include safe and healthy working environment as one of its five pillars on rights at work was long overdue. Innovative policy and programs, together with regulatory reforms are now needed to align these rights with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular SDG8 - Decent Work.

Materials and Methods

Work Health and Safety (WHS) Regulations on duties of care can be broadened and strengthened to include informal workers. Targeted right-to-know programs need to be delivered to vulnerable workers, such as the young and newly arrived migrants.

Results

Small enterprises comprise a majority of workplaces with unsafe and hazardous working environments for vulnerable workers. They pose challenges for OHS practitioners to understand its social and political economy when making policy and in developing effective programs.

Conclusion

The ILO decision provides a timely bridge to cross the deep waters of SDG8 - Decent Work for the most vulnerable workers.