bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of financial analysis of cluster activities
Authors: Ochilov Ilhom
Published: November 2024

This research paper addresses the critical need for an advanced framework to elevate the financial analysis of cluster activities. Clusters, defined as geographically proximate groups of interconnected companies and associated institutions in a particular field, have emerged as key drivers of economic growth. However, the existing financial analysis methods often fall short in capturing the complex dynamics and interdependencies within these clusters. The paper delves into the current challenges and limitations of conventional financial analysis in the context of cluster activities. It highlights the inadequacy of standard metrics in capturing the unique characteristics and synergies inherent in clusters, leading to suboptimal decision-making processes. By integrating data analytics, risk assessment models, and qualitative assessments, the framework aims to provide a holistic view of the financial landscape within clusters. Also explores the broader impact on regional economic development and the potential scalability of the framework across various industries. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on financial analysis methodologies, specifically tailored for cluster activities. The proposed framework offers a sophisticated and practical solution to address the shortcomings of conventional approaches, thereby empowering stakeholders to make more informed decisions in the dynamic and interconnected landscape of cluster- based economies.
Construire un dialogue interdisciplinaire entre sciences sociales et sciences de l’ingénieur autour de la gestion de l’eau. Retour sur le congrès du GRUTTEE 2022
Authors: Carrère Geoffrey , Valette Héloïse , Caillaud Kévin , Collard Anne-Laure , Colon Marine
Published: November 2024

En mars 2022 s’est tenu à Toulouse le congrès du Groupement de recherche universitaire sur les techniques de traitement et d’épuration des eaux (GRUTTEE) sur le thème de la gestion durable des eaux. Ce congrès, regroupant traditionnellement des chercheurs issus des sciences de l’ingénieur, comme la chimie ou le génie des procédés, a, pour la première fois, proposé de s’ouvrir aux sciences humaines et sociales (SHS) à travers l’organisation d’une session dédiée. Cet article propose un compte rendu critique et réflexif des apports de cette session, dans la perspective d’engager le dialogue interdisciplinaire. Il analyse deux processus interdisciplinaires. Le premier au sein du champ SHS. Le second entre les SHS et les sciences de l’ingénieur. Entre apprivoisement disciplinaire et points de convergence, cet article décrit la complexité de la construction de l’interdisciplinarité.
Une approche sociologique des émotions en éducation physique et sportive. Illustration avec des collégiens et des collégiennes de 3e sur le stress ressenti
Authors: Nakas Raffi , Dugas Éric , Meziani Yamina
Published: November 2024

Cette recherche a pour but d’identifier les facteurs de stress, parmi cinq présentés, les plus ressentis par des collégiens et collégiennes français de troisième. À l’aide de méthodologie indirecte telle que la comparaison par paires (CPP) issue de la procédure de Condorcet, 163 élèves, dont 75 garçons et 88 filles, ont répondu à un questionnaire au sujet des pratiques enseignantes qu’ils jugeaient comme les plus stressantes. Les résultats révèlent que dans le cadre du cours d’éducation physique et sportive (EPS), la cause « se produire devant les autres » est – quel que soit le sexe des répondants – ressentie comme le facteur le plus stressant. Dans l’ensemble, les résultats soulignent peu de différences entre les filles et les garçons quant aux « facteurs de stress » présentés dans l’étude. Les apports de cette enquête se situent, d’une part, dans l’emploi d’une approche sociologique peu utilisée dans les recherches sur les émotions et, d’autre part, sur l’intérêt que peut revêtir ce type de recherche pour la formation initiale et continue.
Anhalten der Behinderungsprogression unter Siponimod bei sekundär chronisch progredienter Multipler Sklerose
Authors: Bartzokis Iason
Published: November 2024

Im klinischen Alltag ist der Übergang von der schubförmig-remittierenden Multiplen Sklerose (RRMS) in die sekundär chronisch progrediente Form (SPMS) fließend und in den meisten Fällen mangels valider Diagnosekriterien retrospektiv zu stellen. Es wird über den Verlauf eines 41-jährigen männlichen Patienten mit einer ursprünglichen hochaktiven Verlaufsform berichtet, der unter einer Therapie mit dem Sphingosin-1-Phosphats-Rezeptormodulator Fingolimod eine schubunabhängige Behinderungsprogression aufwies, welche sowohl durch eine Score-Zunahme auf der Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) als auch durch eine weitere Verschlechterung seiner neurogenen Blasenfunktionsstörung objektiviert werden konnte. Nach Umstellung auf Siponimod blieben sowohl der EDSS-Score als auch die Gangfähigkeit, die Blasenfunktion sowie das Sehvermögen stabil. Diskutiert werden kann zum einen der duale Wirkmechanismus mit Einfluss auf periphere sowie ZNS-intrinsische Inflammation und zum anderen die Lipophilie der Substanz mit sehr guter ZNS-Gängigkeit, wodurch eine effektive zentrale Wirkung auf Oligondendrozyten anzunehmen ist.
Abstinenzzuweisung im Rahmen der Führungsaufsicht bei suchtmittelabhängigen Straftätern
Authors: Soyka Michael
Published: November 2024

Ziel der Arbeit Die Problematik der strafbewährten Abstinenzzuweisung bei suchtmittelabhängigen Straftätern wird dargestellt.

Methodik Berichtet wird der exemplarische Fall eines langjährig polytoxikomanen Straftäters, der trotz Abstinenzzuweisung weiter Alkohol und Drogen konsumierte.

Ergebnisse Klinische und forensische Aspekte dieses Falles werden diskutiert.

Schlussfolgerung Strafbewehrte Abstinenzzuweisungen bei schwerstabhängigen Straftätern sind klinisch wenig sinnvoll und praktikabel.
Circulating Levels of Low-Density Granulocytes and Cell-Free DNA as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease and Bone Deterioration in SLE Patients
Authors: Suárez Ana , Tobío-Parada Uxía , Rodríguez-Carrio Javier , Martínez-Zapico Aleida , Pérez-Álvarez Ángel I. , Suárez-Díaz Silvia , Caminal-Montero Luis , López Patricia
Published: November 2024

Objective The present work evaluates the predictive value of low-density granulocytes (LDGs) for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and/or bone deterioration (BD) in a 6-year prospective study in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Considering the high SLE-LDG capacity to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), circulating levels of total cell-free DNA (cirDNA) and relative amounts of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (mtDNA and nDNA, respectively) were tested as LDG-associated biomarkers to identify SLE patients at risk of CVD and BD.

Material and Methods The frequency of total blood LDGs, as well as the CD16negCD14neg (nLDG) and CD16posCD14low (pLDG) subsets, was quantified by flow cytometry in 33 controls and 144 SLE patients. Total cirDNA and relative amounts of mitochondrial (mtDNA) and nuclear (nDNA) cell-free DNA were measured by fluorometry or qPCR in plasma from a subgroup of 117 patients and 23 controls at enrolment.

Results and Conclusion Our findings showed increased blood levels of SLE-nLDGs at enrolment associated with prospective CVD development (pCVD) and the presence of BD, thus revealing LDG expansion as a predictor of both comorbidities in SLE progression. The amounts of the different types of circulating DNA analyzed were increased in patients, especially those presenting with traditional CV risk factors or subclinical atheromatosis. Similar to nLDGs, the nDNA concentration could predict the development of pCVD in SLE, supporting the quantification of cirDNA levels as a surrogate marker of LDGs in clinical practice.
An Evidence-Based Case Series of Male Infertility (OAT Syndrome Associated with Hypospermia) Treated with Constitutional Medicine
Authors: Pandit Raj K. , Pandey Swati
Published: November 2024

A major clinical problem that still affects 8 to 12% of couples globally, infertility and issues with diminished fecundity have long been a cause for worry. Approximately 35% of the cases of infertility result from deficiencies associated with male factor and as many as 2% of all men will exhibit suboptimal sperm parameters. Medical therapy includes the treatment of reversible endocrine or infectious causes of subfertility that may cause a variety of adverse effects. This study aimed to highlight the importance of employing homoeopathic constitutional medicine in the cases, caused by suboptimal seminal parameters (oligospermia, asthenospermia, teratospermia associated with hypospermia) due to non-specific causes. In this study, three males who had a poor seminal parameter visited the outpatient clinic. Their cases were recorded, appraised and analysed according to homoeopathic principles and repertorised using a complete repertory. Finally, each case received a constitutional medicine for prescription. Causal attribution of changes in their condition to the homoeopathic treatment was assessed by Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homoeopathy (MONARCH) inventory score. After a couple of months of medical care, a second semen analysis of the patients was performed. The reports revealed the improvement in the seminal variables. At the end, the values obtained were according to the 2010 World Health Organization standards. The outcome of the case series supports the clinical potency of constitutional treatment in homoeopathy in idiopathic infertile men. In future, randomised control trials with large sample sizes may be undertaken for validation of results.
Quantum interference in a loop with two superconducting bridge contacts
Authors: Kravchenko V. V. , Bondarenko S. I. , Lobanov K. B. , Shchastlivets O. E.
Published: November 2024

Measurements have been made of the principal superconducting characteristics of a planar film circuit containing two parallel-connected Dayem bridges, in which quantum interference is observed. The results are discussed on the basis of current views on physical processes in short and long film bridges (length reckoned relative to the coherence length).
“Channeling” effect of a magnetic field in Josephson junctions
Authors: Likharev K. K.
Published: November 2024

The recently discovered strong influence on a Josephson tunnel junction of an external magnetic field normal to the plane of the junction is explained in terms of the effect on the junction of Meissner currents induced by the field.
Behavior of elastic properties of orthoferrites near the transition from the weakly ferromagnetic to the antiferromagnetic state
Authors: Belov K. P. , Kadomtseva A. M. , Krynetskii I. B.
Published: November 2024

The elastic properties and internal friction in orthoferrites in the presence of a reorientational transition of the Morin type are investigated. It is shown that this transition is a first-order phase transition. The observed anomaly in Young’s modulus is related to the reconstruction of the domain structure during reorientation. The effect of a magnetic field on the nature of the transition is studied, and an experimental phase diagram H(T) is constructed.
Theory of the anomalous specific heat of solid hydrogen with a neon impurity
Authors: Kokshenev V. B.
Published: November 2024

A study is made concerning the effect which an isotopic impurity has on the thermodynamic properties of the rotational subsystem in solid hydrogen. It is shown that, with an isotopic impurity present in a quantum crystal, the rotational level of orthohydrogen molecules will split, and clusters of the “impurity-orthohydrogen” kind will form. The thermodynamic relations are derived for solid hydrogen with a heavy impurity in a solution which is at equilibrium (with respect to the processes of breakdown and formation of orthohydrogen molecule clusters). Two special cases are considered, namely an infinitely heavy impurity and an impurity with the mass of neon. The results of analysis are compared with experimental data.
Nonstationary Josephson effect in thin-filmed superconducting bridges of uniform thickness
Authors: Dmitriev V. M. , Khristenko E. V. , Esichko L V.
Published: November 2024

The Josephson properties of thin-film superconducting bridges of uniform thickness, obtained by the method of deposition through special masks to assure the regularity of the specimen geometry, are investigated. Intrinsic and induced current steps as well as gap features were observed on the volt-ampere characteristics of such bridges.
Phase transitions in dielectric ferromagnets at 4.2-0.4°K under pressure
Authors: Galkin A. A. , D'yakonov V. P. , Tsintsadze G. A. , Fita I. M.
Published: November 2024

The effect of uniform pressures up to 12 kbar on the Curie temperature of two isomorphic copper salts—Cu(NH4)2Br4·2H2O (Tc = 1.83°K) and CuK2C14·2H2O (Tc = 0.88°K)—in the range 4.2−0.4°K was investigated. It was found that with increase in pressure the Curie temperature for Cu(NH4)2Br4·2H2O rises linearly (ΔTc/ΔP = +0.03 deg/kbar), while that for CuK2C14·2H2O falls (ΔTc/ΔP = −0.01 deg/kbar). The results are discussed in the framework of the three-dimensional Heisenberg model of a ferromagnet.
Kinetic equation for excitations in solids and fluids
Authors: Geilikman B. T.
Published: November 2024

Solvability conditions are studied for quantum mechanical kinetic equations describing fermion-fermion and boson-boson collisions, collision between two types of fermions and between two types of bosons, fermion-boson collisions, and in particular, fermion-phonon collisions in normal and superfluid systems. The role of Umklapp processes is investigated. A momentum transfer equation is obtained for an electron-phonon system in which Umklapp processes occur.
Density of states near the edge of the primary spectrum in the Frisch-Lloyd model
Authors: Gredeskul S. A. , Trifonov N. Yu.
Published: November 2024

In the neighborhood of the edge of the primary spectrum E = 0 we investigate the asymptotic behavior of the density of states of an electron moving in the field of attractive δ-function scatterers.
Piezoelectric phononic integrated circuits
Authors: C. Balram Krishna
Published: November 2024

Piezoelectric microresonators have revolutionized modern wireless communication. While billions of these devices are in widespread use across a range of frequencies, materials, and device geometries, every piezoelectric microresonator in current use shares one common characteristic: they all manipulate (quasi) plane waves. While the ideas around waveguiding and strong confinement of acoustic fields have been around since the early days of ultrasonics research, they have had relatively little impact on modern devices. Building on recent developments in related fields, in particular integrated photonics and quantum computing, we outline the prospects for piezoelectric phononic integrated circuits, which can manipulate gigahertz acoustic waves in micrometer-scale waveguide geometries in low-loss chipscale platforms. We also discuss the main roadblocks, with an emphasis on insertion loss, which need to be addressed for these devices to have the desired impact on future systems.
Angle insensitive filters based on Fabry–Pérot resonance structures
Authors: Cao Shuhua , Chen Nan , Jiang Yanjun
Published: November 2024

Filters based on plasmon resonance suffer from low efficiency due to inevitable metal loss. Moreover, their operational limitations, particularly their inability to function effectively at large incident angles, significantly restrict their practical applications. To address these challenges, we propose an all-dielectric filter characterized by relatively small Ohmic loss and remarkably high efficiency, even at wide incident angles. The filter is based on Fabry–Pérot cavity resonance, with narrow bandwidth and high transmittance. The transmittance in the near-infrared band is as high as 99%, and the transmittance in the shortwave band is highly suppressed. This filter offers ease of manufacture coupled with exceptional efficiency. It is expected to gain application prospects in different fields such as liquid crystal displays, optical communications, sensor detection, and imaging.
Donepezil hydrochloride fingerprint spectral and formation mechanism analysis
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Wenxia , Wang Dongjie , Zhao Jinwu , Sun Liu , She Shuocheng , Hou Pandeng , Zhang Yizhu , Qu Qiuhong , He Mingxia
Published: November 2024

Donepezil hydrochloride is a widely used medication for treating Alzheimer’s disease. This study utilized terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to analyze the fingerprint spectra of donepezil hydrochloride, identifying five characteristic absorption peaks at 1.65, 2.44, 2.56, 3.31, and 3.75 THz. The vibrational spectrum of the donepezil hydrochloride crystal was further examined using solid-state density functional theory. Based on simulation calculations, the characteristic peaks were identified and analyzed in detail, focusing on long-range ordering and weak interaction networks. The results demonstrate that terahertz spectroscopy is an effective tool for studying intermolecular interactions in drug crystals.
General theory of cavity-mediated interactions between low-energy matter excitations
Authors: Sánchez Martínez Carlos J. , Lindel Frieder , García-Vidal Francisco J. , Feist Johannes
Published: November 2024

The manipulation of low-energy matter properties such as superconductivity, ferromagnetism, and ferroelectricity via cavity quantum electrodynamics engineering has been suggested as a way to enhance these many-body collective phenomena. In this work, we investigate the effective interactions between low-energy matter excitations induced by the off-resonant coupling with cavity electromagnetic modes. We extend a previous work by going beyond the dipole approximation accounting for the full polarization and magnetization densities of matter. We further include the often neglected diamagnetic interaction and, for the cavity, we consider general linear absorbing media with possibly non-local and non-reciprocal response. We demonstrate that, even in this general scenario, the effective cavity-induced interactions between the matter degrees of freedom are of electrostatic and magnetostatic nature. This confirms the necessity of a multimode description for cavity engineering of matter systems where the low-energy assumption holds. Our findings provide a theoretical framework for studying the influence of general optical environments on extended low-energy matter excitations.
Investigation of surface thermal characteristics induced by the acceleration of a submerged vehicle
Authors: Wang Baolin , Du Yongcheng , Qian Zuoqin , Luo Feiyang , Gao Chengzhe
Published: November 2024

Surface thermal characteristics are significant targets for non-acoustic detection technologies of underwater vehicles. This study aims to investigate the thermal characteristics induced by underwater vehicles during acceleration. The acceleration process of the self-propelled vehicle was obtained by simulation. Experimental and simulation studies were conducted using the temperature stratification measured in an outdoor pool as the background, while also considering the presence of a cool surface skin layer of the water. A comparative analysis between experimental and simulation results shows that the position and morphology of the surface thermal characteristics are consistent, and the area error of the thermal characteristics is within 15%. The findings reveal that, during the acceleration process of the underwater vehicle, the wake can still be divided into two stages despite the increasing speed. In the initial stage, the wake is relatively weak, making it difficult to form noticeable thermal characteristics on the water surface. Additionally, the study shows that at shallower depths, the acceleration state of the vehicle can be directly inferred from the thermal characteristics on the water surface, allowing for rough localization of the acceleration position. In contrast, at greater depths, direct determination becomes more challenging.
Designing proteins: Mimicking natural protein sequence heterogeneity
Authors: Lequerica-Mateos Marcos , Martin Jonathan , Onuchic José N. , Morcos Faruck , Coluzza Ivan
Published: November 2024

This study presents an enhanced protein design algorithm that aims to emulate natural heterogeneity of protein sequences. Initial analysis revealed that natural proteins exhibit a permutation composition lower than the theoretical maximum, suggesting a selective utilization of the 20-letter amino acid alphabet. By not constraining the amino acid composition of the protein sequence but instead allowing random reshuffling of the composition, the resulting design algorithm generates sequences that maintain lower permutation compositions in equilibrium, aligning closely with natural proteins. Folding free energy computations demonstrated that the designed sequences refold to their native structures with high precision, except for proteins with large disordered regions. In addition, direct coupling analysis showed a strong correlation between predicted and actual protein contacts, with accuracy exceeding 82% for a large number of top pairs (>4L). The algorithm also resolved biases in previous designs, ensuring a more accurate representation of protein interactions. Overall, it not only mimics the natural heterogeneity of proteins but also ensures correct folding, marking a significant advancement in protein design and engineering.
On the structural and bandgap properties of mist-CVD-grown κ-Ga2O3 post continuous temperature annealing
Authors: Banda Yara , Jia Yanqing , Cho Seong-Ho , Davaasuren Bambar , Ben Hassine Mohamed , Wang Qingxiao , Anjum Dalaver H. , Gan Qiaoqiang , Ma Zhenqiang , Bae Si-Young , Ng Tien Khee , Ooi Boon S.
Published: November 2024

We investigate the continuous annealing of orthorhombic κ-Ga2O3 films on AlN/c-plane sapphire templates grown by Mist Chemical Vapor Deposition (mist-CVD) using in situ high-temperature x-ray diffraction (HT-XRD). Increasing the annealing temperature from 400 to 1100 °C in both vacuum and ambient air reveals a phase transition onset at 825 °C. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and XRD demonstrated that annealing within the stability window of 650 to 775 °C effectively improves the crystal quality of the κ-Ga2O3 thin film. Optical transmittance and low-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) show the pristine film’s bandgaps to be 4.96 and 4.67 eV, respectively, with reduced bandgaps in annealed films due to increased defect density. EELS-derived optical joint density of states indicates that air-annealing fosters sub-bandgap radiative processes, while vacuum annealing suppresses them, qualitatively correlated with the observed photoluminescence intensity variations. The results of this comprehensive high-temperature annealing study offer crucial insight into the influence of annealing ambient conditions on the crystallographic properties of κ-Ga2O3 films and the associated evolution of extended sub-bandgap states.
Effect of cavitation on vortex-induced vibration of hydrofoil
Authors: Li Fugeng , Li Xusheng , Ning Xiaoshen , Hu Jian , Wang Zibin
Published: November 2024

The numerical investigation focuses on the vortex shedding behavior of hydrofoils under the simultaneous occurrence of cavitation and lock-in. To assess the influence of cavitation on vortex-induced vibration in a two-dimensional hydrofoil with a blunt trailing edge, simulations are conducted at 0° and 4° angles of attack. The accuracy of the numerical simulation method is validated through a comparison with experimental cavitation data on the hydrofoil. The results indicate that as the cavitation number decreases, the frequency of the vortex shedding increases, and the vibration amplitude decreases. As cavitation occurs, the vortex shape transitions from circular to elongated ellipsoidal, with an accompanying increase in both strength and volume. At an angle of attack of 0°, the frequency range of the lock-in-state of the hydrofoil is reduced. At an angle of attack of 4°, both sheet cavitation and vortex cavitation manifest during the whole stage of vortex shedding in lock-in and the unstable stage of vortex shedding in non-lock-in.
SAXS, DLS, and MD studies of the Rg/Rh ratio for swollen and collapsed dendrimers
Authors: Sheveleva Nadezhda N. , Konarev Petr V. , Boyko Konstantin M. , Tarasenko Irina I. , Mikhailova Mariya E. , Bezrodnyi Valeriy V. , Shavykin Oleg V. , Neelov Igor M. , Markelov Denis A.
Published: November 2024

The radius of gyration, Rg, and the hydrodynamic radius, Rh, are the main experimental parameters that characterize the size of linear and branched macromolecules. In the case of dendrimers in solution, the ratio Rg/Rh, depending on the global conformation, varies from 1 (for a Gaussian soft sphere) to 3/5 (for a hard sphere). However, for high-generation dendrimers, this ratio may be less than the limiting value for a hard sphere. To understand the reasons of the low Rg/Rh value (<0.77), we have studied the second-generation peptide dendrimer containing pH-sensitive histidine amino acid residues (Lys-2His dendrimer) using small-angle x-ray (SAXS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments, as well as molecular dynamics simulations. The Lys-2His dendrimer takes a swollen conformation at pH = 2 and a collapsed 1 at pH = 7. Our results show that the Rg/Rh ratio for the considered dendrimer decreases from ≈3/5 at pH = 2 to 0.5 at pH = 7. We have found that the very low Rg/Rh value is due to (1) the formation of a dense impenetrable core (i.e., the transformation of the dendrimer from a Gaussian soft sphere into a sphere with a dense core) and (2) the presence of a larger number of solvent molecules in the dendrimer corona than in a typical macromolecule. In addition, in this work, we have directly confirmed in the experiments for the first time, the collapse of the Lys-2His dendrimer with increasing pH.
Quantum rotational dynamics of linear C5 at low interstellar temperatures for H2 collision
Authors: Chahal Pooja , Kushwaha Apoorv , Dhilip Kumar T. J.
Published: November 2024

The quantum dynamics of carbon chains through H2 and He collisions in the interstellar medium (ISM) is an important step toward accurate modeling of their abundance in non-local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. The C5(Σg+1) molecule is the longest pure carbon chain detected in the ISM to date. While He collisions are computationally easy to perform, the collision with much more abundant H2 is both complicated and computationally demanding. Using templates for approximating p-H2 collisional rates, such as scaling He rates and using a reduced 4D → 2D potential energy surface (PES), has limited applicability. On the other hand, any such approximation does not exist for o-H2. Therefore, a full rotational dynamics of C5 with both p- and o-H2 is performed considering both molecules as rigid-rotors. The PES is calculated using CCSD(T)-F12a/AVTZ, and a neural network fitting model has been carefully chosen to strictly obey spectroscopic accuracy and augment the PES. The augmented PES is then expanded into radial terms using the bispherical harmonics function, and close coupling calculations have been done to get the cross sections and, subsequently, rate coefficients for various rotational transitions of C5.
On interfacial deformation and resistance characteristics over superhydrophobic surfaces: A numerical study
Authors: Ji Qian , Qin Shijie , Tang Shuze , Fan Xuanxuan , Fang Hezhen , Wu Dazhuan
Published: November 2024

The air/water interface, known as the plastron, entrapped in submerged superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs), plays a crucial role in underwater drag reduction. However, the plastron can be easily deformed or collapsed by turbulent flow, leading to decreased drag reduction or even an increase in drag. Most previous numerical studies have simplified these interfaces as idealized flat or curved rigid boundaries. To thoroughly investigate the interfacial behavior of SHSs, this study presents a numerical comparison between ideal and dynamic interfaces. The plastron undergoes regular oscillations after a brief adaptation period, transitioning between convex, nearly flat, and concave shapes. During the oscillatory decay, the dynamic properties of the interface modify the surface drag of the SHSs by both affecting the viscous drag and introducing pressure drag. The viscous drag is affected in two main ways. First, the momentum exchange across the dynamic interface is enhanced due to the roughness-like effect, leading to an increased viscous drag in groove region. Second, the trailing interfaces induce step flows and secondary flows downstream of the grooves, creating regions of nonuniform shear stresses. Consequently, the viscous drag of the downstream walls is slightly reduced. Overall, for convex and nearly flat interfaces, the drag increase within the groove region outweighs the drag reduction at the downstream walls, resulting in a total drag increase in 47.3% and 29.8%, respectively. Conversely, for concave interfaces, the drag increase within the groove region is smaller than the drag reduction at the downstream walls, leading to a 9.8% decrease in total drag.
Initial temperature conduction process and fracture response of rock impacted by ultra-low-temperature fluid: A case study of polymethyl methacrylate
Authors: Li Qiang , Li Yunbo , Song Dangyu , Guo Xing Xin , Wang Haifeng , Wang Chengtao , Wang Rongqi
Published: November 2024

Injecting ultra-low-temperature fluids, such as liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) and liquid nitrogen (LN2), into deep, low-permeability reservoirs for fracturing is an emerging waterless fracturing technology. When these fluids enter the reservoir, they rapidly exchange heat with the fracture walls, triggering intense cold shock, which influences fracture development. Although many scholars have studied the effects of nitrogen freezing and thawing on coal seams, the initial thermal exchange and cold shock process when LN2 first enters the rock mass remains unclear. This paper uses the visualizable material polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the research object, conducting low-temperature impact experiments under different preset temperatures (20 °C, 40 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C) to investigate the impact of thermal exchange during cold shock on PMMA fracturing. The results show: (1) During LN2 impact, PMMA's temperature changes in three stages: slow cooling (micro-cracks initiation), rapid cooling (formation of long fractures), and temperature recovery (crack formation completion). (2) In prolonged impacts, PMMA temperature decreases linearly, while in short-term cyclic impacts, temperature decreases exponentially with faster recovery, increasing the likelihood of micro-cracks formation. (3) Temperature differences have a dual effect on crack formation and propagation: they significantly enhance internal thermal stress, leading to rapid micro-cracks initiation and expansion, while also causing uneven temperature gradients in the crack propagation region, shifting fracture modes from tensile to complex composite failures and promoting secondary crack formation. However, a significant temperature differential may result in the development of a singular crack propagation path, hindering the formation of complex fracture networks. These findings offer theoretical insights into fracture network formation in waterless fracturing of low-permeability reservoirs.
Locally linearized physics-informed neural networks for Riemann problems of hyperbolic conservation laws
Authors: Liu Jiahao , Zheng Supei , Song Xueli , Xu Doudou
Published: November 2024

In this work, we demonstrate that physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) tend to propagate predicted shock wave information bidirectionally in time, which does not align with the actual evolution direction of solutions to hyperbolic conservation laws. This mismatch results in instability and hinders the reduction of the loss of governing equations, as well as the initial condition loss by the deep neural network. In order to tackle this problem, we simplify the complexity of the problem by constructing equivalent linear transport equations in the region of shock wave generation. The speeds of these linearized waves are governed by the Rankine–Hugoniot relations of conservation laws. This approach is termed the Locally Linearized PINNs method. Specifically, an appropriate shock wave detector is initially designed to identify domains where shock waves occur. Near shock waves, the original nonlinear equations are transformed into their linearized forms, thereby modifying the residual terms of the partial differential equations. Additionally, an equilibrium factor is introduced in fluid compression regions to reduce prediction errors and stabilize the training of deep neural networks. Numerical examples illustrate that Locally Linearized PINNs effectively address the challenge of predicting global solutions in PINNs and significantly improve shock-capturing performance for hyperbolic conservation laws.
Experimental and numerical investigations on responses of ship rolling motion coupled with liquid sloshing inside three tanks with and without baffles
Authors: Wang Yunhe , Zhou Tongming , Jiang Shengchao , Lu Lin
Published: November 2024

Rolling response of a floating production storage and offloading coupled with sloshing inside three liquid tanks with and without baffles under different wave periods is analyzed experimentally in a towing tank. The main focuses of this study are to examine the effect of baffles on natural period and amplitude of ship rolling motion coupled sloshing for various tank filling depths. The experimental results show that baffles decrease the natural period of ship rolling motion for low filling conditions (20% and 30%). However, when the filling depths are high (e.g., 60% and 70%), the natural period is increased due to the installation of the baffles. The changing of natural period is revealed quantitatively by the change of the sloshing-induced added mass calculated by the numerical potential flow model. The amplitude of ship rolling motion coupled with sloshing without baffles reveals two typical phenomena, namely the anti-rolling effect at low filling conditions and the enhanced-rolling effect at high filling conditions, depending on the dominant factor between the hydrostatic and the hydrodynamic forces. Baffles are effective in suppressing the amplitude of ship rolling motion, especially at its natural period. Their effect is more obvious for low filling condition than that for high filling conditions. This is because baffles are more effective in stopping the fluid inside the tanks from flowing to the inclined side when the filling depth is low. It is also found that baffles can decrease the sloshing-induced mass at low filling conditions and increase that at middle and high filling conditions. The above-mentioned changes are the reasons for the decrease and increase in the natural period of ship rolling motion at low and high filling conditions, respectively, due to the application of baffles.
Direction reverse of the thermo-osmosis for a liquid in a nanochannel
Authors: Qi Kai , Li Zirui , Wang Jun , Xia Guodong
Published: November 2024

Thermo-osmosis describes the fluid flow due to thermal gradients. Usually, thermo-osmosis for a liquid is from high to low temperature. However, in certain cases, the direction of the thermo-osmosis can be reversed (from low to high temperature), i.e., negative thermo-osmosis, and the underlying mechanism for the direction reverse of the thermo-osmosis is still unclear. In the present paper, we study the direction reverse of thermo-osmosis for a liquid in nanochannels by using molecular dynamics simulations. The research findings indicate that the direction and strength of thermo-osmosis depend significantly on the interaction strength between the solid and liquid. The analysis of the potential mean force distribution along the flow direction reveals that the change from positive to negative thermo-osmosis is linked to a reversal in the slope of the potential mean force distribution. Therefore, the sign of the slope of potential mean force distribution can be used as a criterion to predict the direction of thermo-osmosis. The findings in the present paper pave the way for the application of the thermo-osmosis phenomenon.
Semi-analytical solution for pressure-driven non-Newtonian flows in concentric annuli
Authors: Wang Junjie , Tan Wenchang , Zhu Chi
Published: November 2024

Hemodynamics during cardiac catheterization can be modeled as non-Newtonian fluid flow within concentric annuli. Rapid and precise evaluation of flow rate variations is crucial for understanding the catheter's impact on local hemodynamics. We propose a general semi-analytical solution for flow rates in pressure-driven non-Newtonian flows within concentric annuli. This solution is suitable for commonly used non-Newtonian models. Validation using the Casson and Carreau–Yasuda models across various diameter ratios confirms the accuracy of the proposed solution, with a maximum relative error of 3.55%. It also reliably predicts time-averaged flow rates in pulsatile flows, with a maximum relative error of only 0.53%.
Investigation on the primary resonance of a cylindrical bubble in compressible liquid
Authors: Yu Jiaxin , Li Dechao , Luo Jinxin , Zhang Xiangqing , Shen Junwei , Zhang Yuning , Lu Zhanhui , Zhang Yuning
Published: November 2024

In the present paper, the paramount characteristics of the resonance of cylindrical bubbles in a compressible liquid are theoretically investigated with multi-scale analysis. Considering the liquid's compressibility, a dimensionless equation of the cylindrical bubble wall motion is established for the primary resonance under a single-frequency acoustic field. Comparing with the numerical results, the present analytical solution is verified in terms of accuracy. The key parameters on the characteristics of primary resonance are further explored including the equilibrium bubble radius, dimensionless amplitude of the acoustic field, and other detuning parameters. The main conclusions are given as follows: (1) During primary resonance, three typical nonlinear phenomena are observed: multivalued solutions, jumps, and hysteresis phenomena. (2) The liquid's compressibility affects the intensity of acoustic waves emitted by the bubbles during primary resonance. The maximum pressure at the bubble interface in the incompressible liquid is higher than that in the compressible liquid. (3) In the amplitude–frequency curve, the unstable region of the compressible liquid is smaller and the peak is lower than in the incompressible liquid.
PARG inhibitor sensitivity correlates with accumulation of single-stranded DNA gaps in preclinical models of ovarian cancer
Authors: Ravindranathan Ramya , Somuncu Ozge , da Costa Alexandre André B. A. , Mukkavalli Sirisha , Lamarre Benjamin P. , Nguyen Huy , Grochala Carter , Jiao Yuqing , Liu Joyce , Kochupurakkal Bose , Parmar Kalindi , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , D’Andrea Alan D.
Published: November 2024

Poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) is a dePARylating enzyme which promotes DNA repair by removal of poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) from PARylated proteins. Loss or inhibition of PARG results in replication stress and sensitizes cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents. PARG inhibitors are now undergoing clinical development for patients having tumors with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), such as cancer patients with germline or somaticBRCA1/2-mutations. PARP inhibitors kill BRCA-deficient cancer cells by increasing single-stranded DNA gaps (ssGAPs) during replication. Here, we report that, like PARP inhibitor (PARPi), PARG inhibitor (PARGi) treatment also causes an accumulation of ssGAPs in sensitive cells. PARGi exposure increased accumulation of S-phase-specific PAR, a marker for Okazaki fragment processing (OFP) defects on lagging strands and induced ssGAPs, in sensitive cells but not in resistant cells. PARGi also caused accumulation of PAR at the replication forks and at the ssDNA sites in sensitive cells. Additionally, PARGi exhibited monotherapy activity in specific HR-deficient, as well as HR-proficient, patient-derived, or patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-derived organoids of ovarian cancer, and drug sensitivity directly correlated with the accumulation of ssGAPs. Taken together, PARGi treatment results in toxic accumulation of PAR at replication forks resulting in ssGAPs due to OFP defects during replication. Regardless of theBRCA/HRD-status, the induction of ssGAPs in preclinical models of ovarian cancer cells correlates with PARGi sensitivity. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) may be a useful model system for testing PARGi sensitivity and functional biomarkers.
Structural response of microtubule and actin cytoskeletons to direct intracellular load
Authors: Orii Ryota , Tanimoto Hirokazu
Published: November 2024

Microtubule and actin are the two major cytoskeletal polymers that form organized functional structures in the interior of eukaryotic cells. Although the structural mechanics of the cytoskeleton has been extensively studied by direct manipulations in in vitro reconstitution systems, such unambiguous characterizations inside the living cell are sparse. Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of how the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons structurally respond to direct intracellular load. Ferrofluid-based intracellular magnetic tweezers reveal rheological properties of the microtubule complex primarily determined by filamentous actin. The strain fields of the microtubule complex and actin meshwork follow the same scaling, suggesting that the two cytoskeletal systems behave as an integrated elastic body. The structural responses of single microtubules to contact and remote forces further evidence that the individual microtubules are enclosed by the elastic medium of actin. These results, directly characterizing the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons as an interacting continuum throughout the cytoplasm, serve as a cornerstone for the physical understanding of intracellular organization.
Preserve or destroy: Orphan protein proteostasis and the heat shock response
Authors: Ali Asif , Paracha Sarah , Pincus David
Published: November 2024

Most eukaryotic genes encode polypeptides that are either obligate members of hetero-stoichiometric complexes or clients of organelle-targeting pathways. Proteins in these classes can be released from the ribosome as “orphans”—newly synthesized proteins not associated with their stoichiometric binding partner(s) and/or not targeted to their destination organelle. Here we integrate recent findings suggesting that although cells selectively degrade orphan proteins under homeostatic conditions, they can preserve them in chaperone-regulated biomolecular condensates during stress. These orphan protein condensates activate the heat shock response (HSR) and represent subcellular sites where the chaperones induced by the HSR execute their functions. Reversible condensation of orphan proteins may broadly safeguard labile precursors during stress.
Joseph G. Gall (1928–2024): Cell biologist, naturalist, and mentor extraordinaire
Authors: Gerbi Susan A. , Zakian Virginia A. , Blackburn Elizabeth H.
Published: November 2024

Joseph Grafton Gall (1928–2024), a founder of modern cell biology, made foundational discoveries on eukaryotic chromosomes and RNA biogenesis. His major contributions include the development of in situ hybridization (later called FISH), demonstration of one DNA double helix/chromosome, isolation of the first eukaryote gene, localization of satellite DNA to centromeric heterochromatin, determination of the first telomeric DNA sequence, and elucidating the structure and functions of Cajal bodies. He was an expert microscopist, a scholar of science history, and an avid naturalist. These attributes, together with his ready embrace of new technologies, contributed to his remarkable success. He was also an early and strong supporter of women in science. His contributions to science and mentoring were recognized by numerous awards including the American Society for Cell Biology’s E.B. Wilson Medal, the Society for Developmental Biology’s Lifetime Achievement Award, the Albert Lasker Special Achievement Award in Medical Research, and the AAAS Mentor Award for Lifetime Achievement.
Fine-tuning stress responses by auxiliary feedback loops that sense damage repair
Authors: Mogk Axel , den Brave Fabian
Published: November 2024

Mogk and den Brave discuss exciting results from a comprehensive screen of heat shock response components in yeast, published in this issue by Pincus and colleagues (https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202401082). Their work reveals modulatory regulatory loops that fine-tune the timing of the shutdown of this highly conserved pathway.
Sequential Kalman tuning of the t-preconditioned Crank-Nicolson algorithm: efficient, adaptive and gradient-free inference for Bayesian inverse problems
Authors: Grumitt Richard D P , Karamanis Minas , Seljak Uroš
Published: November 2024

Ensemble Kalman Inversion (EKI) has been proposed as an efficient method for the approximate solution of Bayesian inverse problems with expensive forward models. However, when applied to the Bayesian inverse problem EKI is only exact in the regime of Gaussian target measures and linear forward models. In this work we propose embedding EKI and Flow Annealed Kalman Inversion, its normalizing flow (NF) preconditioned variant, within a Bayesian annealing scheme as part of an adaptive implementation of the t-preconditioned Crank-Nicolson (tpCN) sampler. The tpCN sampler differs from standard pCN in that its proposal is reversible with respect to the multivariate t-distribution. The more flexible tail behaviour allows for better adaptation to sampling from non-Gaussian targets. Within our Sequential Kalman Tuning (SKT) adaptation scheme, EKI is used to initialize and precondition the tpCN sampler for each annealed target. The subsequent tpCN iterations ensure particles are correctly distributed according to each annealed target, avoiding the accumulation of errors that would otherwise impact EKI. We demonstrate the performance of SKT for tpCN on three challenging numerical benchmarks, showing significant improvements in the rate of convergence compared to adaptation within standard SMC with importance weighted resampling at each temperature level, and compared to similar adaptive implementations of standard pCN. The SKT scheme applied to tpCN offers an efficient, practical solution for solving the Bayesian inverse problem when gradients of the forward model are not available. Code implementing the SKT schemes for tpCN is available at https://github.com/RichardGrumitt/KalmanMC.
Three-channel demultiplexer based on one-dimensional magnonic crystal waveguides using defect modes
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Fatemeh , Bahrami Ali
Published: November 2024

In this work, the transfer matrix method is used to study magnetostatic spin waves (SWs) in magnonic crystal (MC) waveguide. By eliminating structural symmetry and creating a defect in a completely periodic structure, the localization of SWs with frequencies corresponding to the defect mode in the band gap has been realized. The proposed structure consists of three yttrium-iron-garnet films with the same thickness, 5 μm, with an array of etched grooves with different defects. The designed demultiplexer filters specific frequencies with high precision and directs them to designated outputs. The quality factor for the MC waveguides is 20901, 20903 and 20904 at central frequency of 6.2704 GHz, 6.2709 GHz and 6.2714 GHz, respectively. The results demonstrate that the proposed structure leads to the realization of the three-channel GHz-ranged demultiplexer in magnonic circuits.