bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cyclic Fatigue Tests on Aging and Their Translational Implications for Survival of All‐Ceramic Tooth‐Borne Single Crowns and Fixed Dental Prostheses
Authors: Özcan Mutlu , Jonasch Moritz
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The objective of this systematic review was to elaborate the aging effect of cyclic fatigue tests on mechanical durability of all‐ceramic single crowns and fixed dental prostheses (FDP).

Materials and Methods

Original scientific papers published in the MEDLINE (PubMed) database in English between 01/01/1950 and 12/31/2013 on cyclic loading on all‐ceramics were included in this systematic review. The following MeSH terms, search terms, and their combinations were used: “in vitro,” “stress mechanical,” “crowns,” “denture, partial, fixed,” “dentistry,” “fatigue,” “all‐ceramic,” “zirconia,” “fixed dental prosthesis,” “FDP,” “bridges,” and “cyclic loading.” Two reviewers performed screening and analyzed the data. Only the studies that reported on both static fracture strength and static fracture after fatigue of all‐ceramic single crowns and FDPs that allowed comparison of aging effect through cyclic loading were included.

Results

The selection process resulted in a final sample of 14 journal articles. In total, 9 articles were identified related to all‐ceramic single crowns, 3 of which were on anterior and 6 on posterior crowns, and 5 articles on 3‐unit FDPs, all of which were on posterior FDPs. Fatigue cycles varied between minimum of 1000 to maximum 1,200,000 cycles for crowns and 10,000 to 2,000,000 cycles for 3‐unit FDPs. The applied force during cyclic loading varied between 20 to 300 N for single crowns and 49 to 200 N for 3‐unit FDPs. For the 3‐unit FDPs, fracture strength results showed slightly decreased values after cyclic loading (659 ± 182 to 2333 ± 183 N) compared to static loading only (841 ± 244 to 2434 ± 154 N). For crowns similar trends were not observed, but cyclic loading decreased the fracture strength in only some materials after cyclic loading (659 ± 182 to 2333 ± 183 N) compared to static loading only (395 ± 96 to 2726 N).

Conclusions

An inclination for decreased static fracture strength could be observed after cyclic loading of all‐ceramic single crowns and FDPs, but this was material specific. Due to the heterogeneity of data such as aging, loading conditions, and fewer experimental groups, statistical analysis could not be performed. Cyclic loading tests require more standardized guidelines for testing and reporting.
Effect of Different Surface Treatments on Bond Strength of Resin Cement to a CAD/CAM Restorative Material
Authors: Barutcigil Kubilay , Barutcigil Çağatay , Kul Esra , Özarslan Mehmet Mustafa , Buyukkaplan Ulviye Sebnem
Published: November 2016

Purpose

To investigate the effects of various surface treatment methods on the shear bond strength of self‐adhesive resin cement to a novel CAD/CAM hybrid ceramic material.

Materials and Methods

A novel hybrid ceramic restorative material (Vita Enamic) was used in this study. Sixty resin block specimens were prepared and separated into six groups for each surface treatment method (n = 10); group 1: control group, no treatment applied; group 2: sandblasted by 30 μm silicate‐coated alumina particles (CoJet Sandblasting); group 3: 50 μm Al2O3 sandblasting; group 4: 10% hydrofluoric acid; group 5: no surface treatment + universal adhesive (3M Single Bond Universal); group 6: 200 mJ, 10 Hz 2W Er,Cr:YSGG laser treatment. For each specimen, surface roughness measurements in noncontact mode were taken after the surface treatments using a portable surface texture‐measuring machine. A self‐adhesive resin cement (3M U200) was applied on every surface treated with the help of a cylindrical mold (2 × 4 mm) and was filled gradually. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal test machine, and one‐way ANOVA and a Duncan test (p = 0.05) were used to analyze the data.

Results

Mean values of the shear bond strength varied between 7.75 and 10.73 MPa. Bond strength values were enhanced by all surface treatment methods compared to the control group. The difference between group 5 and the control group (p < 0.05) was statistically significant, whereas there were no considerable differences between other treatment methods.

Conclusion

Surface treatments of hybrid ceramic resin blocks could enhance the bond strength to resin cement; however, using Single Bond Universal without surface treatment showed a higher bond strength value.
Giant kelp vegetative propagation: Adventitious holdfast elements rejuvenate senescent individuals of the Macrocystis pyrifera “integrifolia” ecomorph
Authors: Murúa Pedro , Müller Dieter G. , Patiño David J. , Westermeier Renato
Published: November 2016

Recent findings on holdfast development in the giant kelp highlighted its key importance for Macrocystis vegetative propagation. We report here for the first time the development of adventitious holdfasts from Macrocystis stipes. Swellings emerge spontaneously from different areas of the stipes, especially in senescent or creeping individuals. After being manually fastened to solid substrata, these swellings elongated into haptera, which became strongly attached after 1 month. Within 4 months, new thalli increased in size and vitality, and developed reproductive fronds. Our results suggest the usage of these structures for auxiliary attachment techniques. These could act as a backup, when primary holdfasts are weak, and thus improve the survival rate of the giant kelp in natural beds.
Application of Peleg's equation to describe creep responses of potatoes under constant and variable storage conditions
Authors: Solomon W. K. , Jindal V. K.
Published: November 2016

The application of Peleg's equation to characterize creep behavior of potatoes during storage was investigated. Potatoes were stored at 25, 15, 5C, and variable (fluctuating) temperature for 16 or 26 weeks. The Peleg equation adequately described the creep response of potatoes during storage at all storage conditions (R2 = .97to .99). Peleg constant k1 exhibited a significant (p < .05) decreasing trend with storage time (ts) for samples stored under the experimental conditions whereas the constant k2 appeared to be unaffected much by ts except for samples stored at 25C. Under constant temperature storage, k1 was found to be a linear function of ts (R2 = .87 to .97). Also, the rate of change of k1 appeared to be temperature dependent described by a linear relationship between the degradation rate constant for k1 (α) and storage temperature (T). For the variable storage condition, a bulk mean temperature (Tbm) was calculated to account for a series combination of storage time and temperature which the potatoes were subjected to. It was possible to describe the changes in k1 due to variable storage temperature in terms of Tbm and ts using stepwise multiple regression (R2 = . 94).

Practical applications

Precise description of the changes in the rheological properties of raw potatoes during storage could help predict the associated effect on the texture of cooked potatoes. Easy and simple methods of describing creep responses during storage or processing will be potentially helpful to better understand the phenomenon. The model parameters from such model could be used to relate rheological properties of raw and cooked potatoes. Moreover, the model parameters could be used to establish relationship between instrumental and sensory attributes which will help in the prediction of sensory attributes from instrumental data.
Triploid Induction in the Yellowtail Tetra, Astyanax altiparanae, Using Temperature Shock: Tools for Conservation and Aquaculture
Authors: Adamov Nadya Soares de Macedo , Nascimento Nivaldo Ferreira do , Maciel Elayna Cristina Silva , Pereira‐Santos Matheus , Senhorini José Augusto , Calado Leonardo Luiz , Evangelista Mariana Machado , Nakaghi Laura Satiko Okada , Guerrero Alan Hertz Marín , Fujimoto Takafumi , Yasui George Shigueki
Published: November 2016

Triploidization is an interesting tool to produce sterile fish. In the yellowtail tetra, Astyanax altiparanae, this can be applied for aquaculture and surrogate technologies. In this study, we compared the efficacy of cold (2 C) or heat shock (38 C, 40 C, and 42 C) on triploid induction in the yellowtail tetra. The eggs were treated with cold or heat shock, 2 min postfertilization (30 min in cold shock or 2 min in heat shock). Intact embryos served as the control group. Ploidy status was confirmed by karyotyping, flow cytometry, and nuclear diameter of erythrocytes. The hatching rate decreased after cold shock (12.69 ± 15.76%) and heat shock at 42 C (0.35 ± 0.69%) in comparison with the control group (63.19 ± 16.82%). At 38 C and 40 C, hatching rates (61.29 ± 17.73% and 61.75 ± 22.1%, respectively) were not decreased. Only one triploid arose at 38 C (1/80). At 40 C, a high number of triploids arose (72/78). At 42 C, very few embryos developed into the hatching stage. A large number of haploid individuals arose after cold shock (61/75), with only one triploid. Our results indicate that heat shocking of embryos at 40 C is optimum for triploid production in the yellowtail tetra.
Dignity Takings and Dignity Restoration: Creating a New Theoretical Framework for Understanding Involuntary Property Loss and the Remedies Required
Authors: Atuahene Bernadette
Published: November 2016

In We Want What's Ours: Learning from South Africa's Land Restitution Program, I introduced the concept of “dignity takings,” which I defined as property confiscation that involves the dehumanization or infantilization of the dispossessed. I argued that the appropriate remedy for a dignity taking is “dignity restoration”: material compensation to dispossessed populations through processes that affirm their humanity and reinforce their agency. For this symposium, contributors were invited to examine these paired concepts through case studies beyond the South African context. This introductory essay summarizes the central arguments of We Want What's Ours and considers how the symposium contributions confirm, extend, or revise the concepts of dignity takings and dignity restoration.
The transition from somatic to germline identity shows conserved and specialized features during angiosperm evolution
Authors: Lora Jorge , Herrero María , Tucker Matthew R. , Hormaza José I.
Published: November 2016

How and why specific plant cells adopt germline identity during ovule development has proved challenging to address, and the pathways that are active in the ovules of basal/early‐divergent angiosperms possessing a multilayered nucellus are still unclear.

Here, we compare megasporogenesis between two early‐divergent angiosperms (Annona cherimola and Persea americana) and the evolutionarily derived Arabidopsis thaliana, studying the three‐dimensional spatial position of the megaspore mother cell (MMC), the compositional details of the MMC wall and the location of PIN1 expression.

Specific wall polymers distinguished the central position of the MMC and its meiotic products from surrounding tissues in early‐divergent angiosperms, whereas, in A. thaliana, only callose (in mature MMCs) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) (in megaspores) distinguished the germline. However, PIN1 expression, which regulates polar auxin transport, was observed around the MMC in the single‐layer nucellus of A. thaliana and in the multilayered nucellus of A. cherimola, or close to the MMC in P. americana.

The data reveal a similar microenvironment in relation to auxin during megasporogenesis in all three species. However, the different wall polymers that mark MMC fate in early‐divergent angiosperms may reflect a specific response to mechanical stress during differentiation, or the specific recruitment of polymers to sustain MMC growth.
Association of dental injuries with maxillofacial fractures: a 10‐year retrospective study
Authors: Ghosh R. , Gopalkrishnan K. , Adirajaiah S.
Published: November 2016

Aim

The aim of the study was to find the prevalence of dental injuries in patients with facial fractures.

Materials and methods

A prospective study was conducted of patients who reported in SDM Craniofacial Unit with maxillofacial fractures from January 2003 until December 2013. A total of 991 patients were included in the study. Clinical and radiological examination findings were recorded to evaluate demographics, aetiology, presentation, and type of facial fracture, as well as its relationship with dental injury site and type.

Results

Among these 991 patients, 201 patients (41.8%) had associated dental injuries, with a total of 462 injured teeth. Of the 462 injured teeth, 283 (61.2%) were in the maxilla and 179 (38.7%) in the mandible. The central incisor was the most injured tooth for both the maxilla (150, 32.5%) and mandible (80, 17.3%). The most common type of dental injury was avulsion (229, 44.6%). Avulsions were more common in anterior teeth of both maxilla and mandible, whereas in posterior teeth, Ellis Class I fracture or crown fractures were more common. Most vulnerable teeth were maxillary central incisors in the anterior region, whereas in posterior region, first premolars were more prone to injury in the maxillary arch and first molars in the mandibular arch.

Conclusion

Our study shows that the occurrence of dental trauma is significantly related to the pattern of injury and site of maxillofacial fractures.
Double pancreatic tumors in an adolescent: Imaging features
Authors: Odagiri Shino , Tokuhara Daisuke , Nishigaki Satsuki , Cho Yuki , Shintaku Haruo
Published: November 2016

Insulinoma is generally identified as a single tumor and seldom occurs in children or adolescents. A 14‐year‐old girl with difficulty in waking was found to have hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. On abdominal ultrasonography two hypoechoic masses (8 and 12 mm in diameter) were seen in the pancreatic body: the larger mass was hypervascular, whereas the smaller one was hypovascular. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography showed enhancement of the larger mass, but did not delineate the smaller mass. On fat‐suppressed T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging, the larger mass was hypointense, but the smaller mass was hyperintense. Pathologically, the larger tumor was normal density, insulin positive, and rich in vascularity, whereas the smaller tumor was high density, insulin negative, and poor in vascularity. The present case suggests that difficulty waking should be considered as a potential etiology in insulinoma, and multiple suspected pancreatic insulinomas should be evaluated using a combination of imaging modalities to characterize each tumor.
Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery: First familial cases in Asia
Authors: Motomura Hideki , Yokokawa Mari , Fukunaga Hirofumi , Nakagaki Mari , Hasuwa Tomoyuki , Moriuchi Hiroyuki
Published: November 2016

Congenital coronary artery abnormalities may cause sudden death, particularly in athletes. Two siblings, aged 10 and 9 years, respectively, were diagnosed with anomalous origin of the right coronary artery on multi‐detector computed tomography (MDCT). The right coronary artery arose from the left coronary cusp, and was wedged between the aorta and pulmonary artery. This was also noted on cardiac ultrasonography (UCG), but in general this might not be seen on electrocardiography at rest. Although the surgical indications are unclear in the case of unproven ischemia, early recognition of the condition may reduce risk of the cardiac events during exercise. The majority of proximal coronary artery anomalies can be screened for on UCG, and confirmed on MDCT, which yields more precise clinical details and is less invasive than angiography. This is the first report of familial cases of anomalous origin of the right coronary artery in Asia.
Increased plasma soluble human leukocyte antigen‐G in persistent wheezy infants
Authors: Tahan Fulya , Eke Gungor Hatice , Akar Himmet Haluk , Saraymen Berkay
Published: November 2016

Background

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐G is a non‐classical major histocompatibility complex class I antigen characterized by limited polymorphism in its coding region, unique tissue expression pattern in physiologic conditions and immunomodulatory properties. Recently, the level of soluble (s)HLA‐G was found to be higher in atopic asthma and allergic rhinitis, but this remains to be clarified in wheezy infants. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate sHLA‐G in wheezy infants.

Methods

The subjects consisted of infants with persistent wheezing and positive modified asthma predictive index (mAPI; n = 30; persistent group) and those with transient wheezing and negative mAPI (n = 17; transient group). sHLA‐G was measured in plasma using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophil count were measured, and skin testing was performed with a battery of 13 antigens with appropriate positive and negative controls.

Results

sHLA‐G was significantly higher in the persistent wheezing (positive mAPI) group compared with the transient wheezing (negative mAPI) group (P = 0.008). There was no significant difference in peripheral blood eosinophil count and total IgE between the groups.

Conclusions

The increased sHLA‐G in infants with persistent wheeze suggests that sHLA‐G may be able to be used to distinguish persistent from transient wheeze. Further comprehensive studies are needed on this topic.
Creativity and Risk Taking Aren't Rational: Behavioral Operations in MOT
Authors: Loch Christoph H.
Published: November 2016

Behavioral Operations Management explicitly considers the effects of human behavior in process performance, influenced by cognitive biases, social preferences, and cultural norms. This broadening of Operations is even more critical in the context of the Management of Technology (MOT) than in the operations of established ongoing processes, because in innovation, people do not know well which tasks they will have to perform, they are exposed to risks, and they are subject to emergent interdependencies, all of which push psychological biases and social preferences to the fore. This article gives an overview of important behavioral challenges in MOT, setting them in the context of the phases of the stage gate process on the one hand, and the three levels of individual biases, group member interactions, and large group interactions (e.g., culture) on the other hand. The review suggests that previous work has not addressed a number of important questions in empirical effects and theoretical underpinnings, gaps that are very important for the performance of organizations in practice. The article concludes by offering opportunities for high‐impact future work.
South–south cooperation for large‐scale ecological restoration
Authors: Liu Junguo , Calmon Miguel , Clewell Andre , Liu Jianguo , Denjean Benjamin , Engel Vera L. , Aronson James
Published: November 2016

Natural capital degradation worldwide signals the growing need for larger investments in both nature conservation and ecosystem services provision and management. The role of large‐scale ecological restoration is a vital part of the work that is needed. One important way to advance the science, practice, and policy on ecological restoration is to develop and promote bilateral and multilateral cooperation among and within countries. In this article, we explore prospects for south–south cooperation for large‐scale ecological restoration. Emphasis is given to experience and expertise sharing, cofinancing, and codevelopment of new knowledge and know‐how for more effective policy and practice worldwide, especially in developing and newly industrialized countries.
Tank bromeliad transplants as an enrichment strategy in southern Costa Rica
Authors: Fernandez Barrancos Estefania P. , Reid J. Leighton , Aronson James
Published: November 2016

Epiphytes represent up to 50% of all vascular plant species in neotropical forests but they are among the slowest plants to recolonize regenerating ecosystems. This discrepancy underlines the need for restoration ecologists to learn how to assist the colonization of organisms in this key functional group. Transplanting tank bromeliads (i.e. bromeliads featuring overlapping leaves that form a water impounding rosette) could be a good approach in the neotropics, where abundant, fallen bromeliads can be sustainably collected from the forest floor. Moreover, tank bromeliads could accelerate restoration processes by providing relatively stable microenvironments for invertebrates, thus helping them resist severe drought and high temperatures, such as predicted in light of many climate change models. We transplanted 60 individuals of the tank bromeliad Werauhia gladioliflora onto trunks and branches of comparable size and orientation on three host tree species. The study took place in three long‐term restoration plantations located in a tropical premontane rainforest zone in southern Costa Rica. Transplant survivorship after 9 months varied among sites, from 65 to 95%. Transplants hosted twice as many arthropod orders as untreated control branches, and they buffered microclimates during the driest (+1.7 to 19.7% relative humidity) and warmest (−0.5 to 5.0°C) times of the day. Our results suggest that bromeliad transplantation is a cost‐effective (circa $0.5 USD/successful transplant) strategy to assist the recovery of epiphyte diversity in forest restoration sites with minimal impact on source populations. Longer‐term studies are needed to test this strategy for other epiphyte families or for mixed‐taxa assemblages found on fallen branches.
Restoration of Sphagnum and restiad peatlands in Australia and New Zealand reveals similar approaches
Authors: Clarkson Beverley , Whinam Jennie , Good Roger , Watts Corinne
Published: November 2016

Peatlands in Australia and New Zealand are composed mainly of Restionaceous and Cyperaceous peats, although Sphagnum peat is common in wetter climates (Mean Annual Precipitation > 1,000 mm) and at higher altitudes (>1,000 m). Experimental trials in two contrasting peatland types—fire‐damaged Sphagnum peatlands in the Australian Alps and cutover restiad bogs in lowland New Zealand—revealed similar approaches to peatland restoration. Hydrological restoration and rehydration of drying peats involved blocking drainage ditches to raise water tables or, additionally in burnt Sphagnum peatlands, peat‐trenching, and the use of sterilized straw bales to form semipermanent “dam walls” and barriers to spread and slow surface water movement. Recovery to the predisturbance vegetation community was most successful once protective microclimates had been established, either artificially or naturally. Specifically, horizontally laid shadecloth resulted in Sphagnum cristatum regeneration rates and biomass production 3–4 times that of unshaded vegetation (Australia), and early successional nurse shrubs facilitated establishment of Sporadanthus ferrugineus (New Zealand) within 2–3 years. On severely burnt or cutover sites, a patch dynamic approach using transplants of Sphagnum or creation of restiad peat “islands” markedly improved vegetation recovery. In New Zealand, this approach has been scaled up to whole mine‐site restoration, in which the newly vegetated islands provide habitat and seed sources for plants and invertebrates to spread onto surrounding areas. Although a vegetation cover can be established relatively rapidly in both peatland types, restoration of invertebrate communities, ecosystem processes, and peat hydrological function and accumulation may take many decades.
Influence of SIGLEC9 polymorphisms on COPD phenotypes including exacerbation frequency
Authors: Ishii Takeo , Angata Takashi , Wan Emily S. , Cho Michael H. , Motegi Takashi , Gao Congxiao , Ohtsubo Kazuaki , Kitazume Shinobu , Gemma Akihiko , ParÉ Peter D. , Lomas David A. , Silverman Edwin K. , Taniguchi Naoyuki , Kida Kozui
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Background and objective

The exacerbation‐prone phenotype of COPD is particularly important, as exacerbations lead to poor quality of life and disease progression. We previously found that COPD patients who lack Siglec‐14, a myeloid cell protein that recognizes bacteria and triggers inflammatory responses, are less prone to exacerbation. We hypothesized that the variations in other
SIGLEC
genes could also influence COPD exacerbation frequency, and investigated the association between SIGLEC9 polymorphisms and the exacerbation‐prone phenotype of COPD.

Methods

We examined whether SIGLEC9 polymorphisms affect the frequency of COPD exacerbation in 135 subjects within our study population, and also analysed the correlation between the genotypes and the severity of airflow obstruction and emphysema in 362 Japanese smokers including 244 COPD patients. The association between these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and COPD phenotypes were also assessed in a Caucasian population of ECLIPSE study. The effects of these coding SNPs (cSNPs) on Siglec‐9 protein functions were analysed using in vitro assays.

Results

The G allele of rs2075803 and rs2075803 G/rs2258983 A(GA) haplotype in
SIGLEC9
was associated with higher frequency of exacerbations and the extent of emphysema in COPD. These results did not replicate in the ECLIPSE study. A myeloid cell line expressing the Siglec‐9 variant corresponding to GA haplotype produced more TNF‐α than the one expressing the variant corresponding to the other major haplotype.

Conclusion

The SIGLEC9 rs2075803 G/rs2258983 A haplotype, which corresponds to a Siglec‐9 variant that is less effective at suppressing inflammatory response, may be a risk factor for the development of emphysema.
Evaluation of raw acceleration sedentary thresholds in children and adults
Authors: Hildebrand Maria , Hansen Bjørge H. , van Hees Vincent T. , Ekelund Ulf
Published: November 2016

The aim was to develop sedentary (sitting/lying) thresholds from hip and wrist worn raw tri‐axial acceleration data from the ActiGraph and GENEActiv, and to examine the agreement between free‐living time spent below these thresholds with sedentary time estimated by the activPAL. Sixty children and adults wore an ActiGraph and GENEActiv on the hip and wrist while performing six structured activities, before wearing the monitors, in addition to an activPAL, for 24 h. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine sedentary thresholds based on activities in the laboratory. Agreement between developed sedentary thresholds during free‐living and activPAL were assessed by Bland‐Altman plots and by calculating sensitivity and specificity. Using laboratory data and ROC‐curves showed similar classification accuracy for wrist and hip thresholds (Area under the curve = 0.84–0.92). Greatest sensitivity (97–98%) and specificity (74–78%) were observed for the wrist thresholds, with no large differences between brands. During free‐living, Bland‐Altman plots showed large mean individual biases and 95% limits of agreement compared with activPAL, with smallest difference for the ActiGraph wrist threshold in children (+30 min, P = 0.3). Sensitivity and specificity for the developed thresholds during free‐living were low for both age groups and for wrist (Sensitivity, 68–88%, Specificity, 46–59%) and hip placements (Sensitivity, 89–97%, Specificity, 26–34%). Laboratory derived sedentary thresholds generally overestimate free‐living sedentary time compared with activPAL. Wrist thresholds appear to perform better than hip thresholds for estimating free‐living sedentary time in children and adults relative to activPAL, however, specificity for all the developed thresholds are low.
Non‐invasive tools for the diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Fink C. , Haenssle H. A.
Published: November 2016

Background

While the excisional biopsy and histological examination of suspicious lesions remains the current gold standard for diagnosing cutaneous melanoma (CM), there is a demand for more objective and non‐invasive examination methods that may support clinicians in their decision when to biopsy or not.

Methods

This review is based on publications and guidelines retrieved by a selective search in PubMed and MEDLINE and focused on non‐invasive diagnostic strategies for detecting melanoma.

Results

Ten different non‐invasive techniques were compared with regard to applicability, status of development, and resources necessary for introduction into clinical routine (dermoscopy, sequential digital dermoscopy, total body photography, computer‐aided multispectral digital analysis, electrical impedance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, multiphoton tomography, stepwise two‐photon‐laser spectroscopy, quantitative dynamic infrared imaging). In an effort to create a classification based on our analyses, we suggest to differentiate i) tools for screening of patients in daily clinical routine, ii) tools for examination of a restricted number of preselected lesions that produce an automated diagnostic score, iii) tools for examination of a restricted number of preselected lesions at specialized centers requiring extensive training, iv) devices at an experimental stage of development.

Conclusion

None of the discussed examination techniques is able to provide a definite and final diagnosis or to completely replace the histopathological examination. Up to date, the need for fully automated devices offering a complete skin cancer screening has not been satisfied.
La formación doctoral en administración en Colombia: reflexión fenomenológica de un investigador
Authors: Orozco Luis Antonio
Published: November 2016

En el marco de la epistemología de la fenomenología trascendental de Husserl, este artículo presenta la reflexión de uno de los primeros doctores graduados en administración en Colombia. Desde este caso se pretende ilustrar cómo se ha reproducido una comunidad científica en administración en un entorno institucional que promueve la colaboración científica particularmente en grupos de investigación. Se busca aportar tanto a los administradores de la ciencia como a los nuevos doctorandos las características de un proceso de formación doctoral, su incidencia en las dinámicas de construcción de redes, grupos de investigación y generación de nuevo conocimiento.
La internacionalización de la publicación colombiana en el campo de la administración: avances y desafíos
Authors: Malaver Rodríguez Florentino
Published: November 2016

Las facultades de administración colombianas (FCA) enfrentan una
“presión institucional” creciente para incrementar la cantidad y calidad
de su publicación internacional. El propósito del texto es establecer cuál
ha sido la respuesta de las FCA a esa presión y analizar alternativas para
enfrentar los desafíos que plantea dicha internacionalización. La indagación
sistemática en la WoS y Scopus entre 2001 y 2015 revela un proceso de
internacionalización en ciernes, que es simultáneo al registrado en otros
países latinoamericanos. La discusión internacional sobre la publicación
en management abre posibilidades que implican asumir la realidad propia
como reservorio de oportunidades para generar conocimiento original
y desarrollar indicadores que suplan las limitaciones de la citación para
captar la utilidad –social– de los artículos.
Navigating research currents – emerging Pasifika researcher?
Authors: Passells Vaiolesi
Published: November 2016

The title of this work speaks to my experience as an emerging researcher in a tertiary environment. Seventeen years ago, during my introduction to research as a required topic of study, I recall making the comment ‘... up until now I have measured things with a ruler’. More recently I have come to understand the research processes as premised on the economic imperatives of an information age. Implicit in this is the acquisition of knowledge based on intellectual property, where research for the sake of research vies with sites seeking to create purposeful research as conduits to informing policy and improved circumstances. In truth, the drive and thrust of Performance Based Research Fund (PBRF) imperatives in my place of work has changed the original content of my work in bridging education and social work training to where the teaching component is no longer the primary focus. Certainly external factors have played a contributing role in structural and systems changes of the institution (for example, amalgamation with a leading university), however the PBRF environment across campuses is now the norm. Research outputs increasingly help to fund tertiary institutions. This article draws attention to some reflections of the writer with regard to notions of an emerging Pasifika researcher.
Life conditions for families, children and young people with disabilities
Authors: Blomberg Barbro , Wolmesjö Maria
Published: November 2016

The aim of this article is to analyse life conditions for families with children and young people with disabilities. Special focus is on: legislation, management and organisations, social support and service, housing, education, work and daily activities and leisure activities. The method used is a case study including interviews with parents and professionals. The study also includes an analysis of documents and regulations. The study shows that the support system is transparent and accessible. At the same time managers in the municipalities’ social care services interpret their responsibility in different ways thus affecting the support and service for the families. Even though the families have legal rights to a wide range of support and service, the parents have to work to gain access to these and for user influence to be exerted.
Crossing borders: key features of migrant social workers in New Zealand
Authors: Bartley A. , Beddoe L. , Duke J. , Fouché C. , Harington P. , Shah R.
Published: November 2016

The emergence of a mobile, professional social work workforce, successfully managing the demands of service-users, policy makers and the public at large in different countries across the globe, provides unprecedented opportunities for professional border-crossing. It is timely to generate New Zealand-specific data on professionals employed in the social services workforce in New Zealand so as to inform educational and institutional responses to this complex phenomenon. A study that seeks to develop a profile of migrant social workers in New Zealand and key issues experienced by these professionals, is underway. This article reports on the first phase of the project, comprising an examination of the key features of registered social workers in New Zealand with an overseas social work qualification and a review of issues and challenges faced by migrant professionals more generally, and by migrant social workers in particular.
Incorporating community development into social work practice within the neoliberal environment
Authors: Aimers Jenny , Walker Peter
Published: November 2016

Community development is a core subject in social work education, yet social work discourse often places community development at its margins (Mendes, 2009). This article considers the location of community development and community work within the current neoliberal environment in New Zealand and how such practice can be sustained by social workers in the community and voluntary sector. Community development is a way of working with communities that has a ‘bottom up’ approach as an alternative to State (top down) development. Over recent years, however, successive New Zealand governments have embraced neoliberal social policies that have marginalised community development. In addition the term ‘community work’ has been used to describe activities that have little to do with a bottom up approach thereby making it difficult to define both community development and community work. By applying a ‘knowledge intersections’ schema to two New Zealand community and voluntary organi- sations we identify where community development and social work intersect. From this basis we challenge social workers to consider ways in which community development can be embedded within their practice.
‘Twenty something’: The social policy and practice implications of emerging adulthood
Authors: Stanley Peter
Published: November 2016

Emerging adulthood has been identified by Arnett (2000) as a new developmental stage that comprises 18-25 years. This period of the life span has characteristic and significant personal challenges, and it also contains New Zealand’s highest proportion of problem behaviours such as hazardous drinking, dangerous driving, loneliness and mental illness. Research on 18-25 year-olds who have overcome difficult upbringings can provide insights on how to respond to other young people whose development is compromised. As a society, it is recommended that we pay more attention to the particular circumstances of emerging adults and that we allocate more social service resources to the members of this age group who are experiencing difficulties. Emerging adulthood, newly identified as a distinct phase of human development, must be an area of key interest for social policy analysts, social work practitioners and social service managers. This phase falls between the ages of 18 and 25 years and between adolescence and young adulthood. Like the categorisation of adolescence before it, emerging adulthood has come about as a consequence of economic progress and increased life expectancy, and it is a regular part of post-industrial societies such as our own (Arnett, 2004). On a simple and evidential level, this new division of the lifespan may explain why young people do not seem to settle down and marry like they used to. In fact, emerging adulthood is associ- ated with an array of defining attributes and included here is a general sense of enhanced wellbeing for the young people themselves. This period is of particular relevance to hu- man service professionals, nonetheless, because it also contains our highest proportion of troubled young people, and since it presents some unique opportunities for intervening in people’s lives in beneficial ways.
School social work: A school-based field placement
Authors: Testa Doris
Published: November 2016

This article addresses the placement of social work students in a non-traditional social work setting: the Victorian Catholic primary school. Considering the different elements of field education placements, this article discusses how a field education placement was purpose- fully structured to guide the social work student through the process of integrating theory and practice. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data, the article describes the structure of the placement and how respondents viewed the success or otherwise of the orientation activities, opportunities to integrate theory with practice, the development of practice skills, supervision and the development of school/university partnerships. The data indicated that a purposefully structured placement which provides students with a variety of learning opportunities and which is supported by clearly focused supervision are key contributors to the success of school-based field education placements.
Social service managers and student information provision
Authors: Hanlen Trish
Published: November 2016

Information about students is important to social service agency managers when they consider the question of fieldwork placement provision. This article addresses how student information may influence social service agency managers’ decision making towards hosting a student in a non-statutory agency. It draws upon a study of 13 social service agency managers in provincial Aotearoa New Zealand, which involved participants in two separate but consecutive interviews. The findings from this interpretative qualitative study, utilises an eco-systems theoretical framework. Information about students’ personal, cultural and educational characteristics and their interest in social services provide important information that influences managers’ decision-making toward provision.
Editorial - ‘Seeds of illumination in a sometimes dry landscape
Authors: Shayne Walker
Published: November 2016

Editorial for issue 24(3-4).
The purposes of cultural supervision
Authors: Eketone Anaru
Published: November 2016

If you are working in the social services sector, over 40 and Māori, chances are that you will have been asked to provide cultural supervision for a younger Māori worker. However, when you ask what do they mean by cultural supervision, after a slightly panicked look, you can get a variety of different answers. They all know that it is supposed to be done, that it is considered important, in fact some are required by their employers or contracts to have it, but until very recently few seem to know what they actually wanted. This article reports on a brief research project as part of a Masters in Social Welfare programme that interviewed Māori social workers and Māori and Pākehā social work managers about their expectations and experiences of cultural supervision. The participants were asked four questions about the purpose of cultural supervision, who should get cultural supervision, the qualities of a cultural supervisor and problems they had encountered in cultural supervision. Four different types of cultural supervision are identified
Māori social work views and practices of rapport building with rangatahi Māori
Authors: Mooney Hannah
Published: November 2016

This article presents the results of a qualitative study that explored Māori social workers’ perspectives of working to establish rapport with rangatahi Māori in community mental health services. The research was conducted using a social constructionist perspective, informed and guided by Māori-centred research principles. Six Māori social workers from different parts of the country volunteered to participate in semi-structured interviews. These face-to-face interviews were designed after reviewing current literature and were guided by a practice framework that enabled the voices of the Māori social workers to be heard, eliciting in detail where their views have come from. The findings from the research showed that Māori social workers view rapport as essential in their practice and therefore they practise in a way that facilitates this. They utilise values and beliefs in their practice, integrated with a Māori worldview, that contribute towards rapport building with youth and also with their whänau. Reflective practice is used constantly in order to maintain ethical practice. The practice implications are also discussed; that an understanding of how Māori social workers view and practise rapport can be beneficial, that there is a need for whānau involvement and that this can enhance rapport with rangatahi, that an inherent valuing of rangatahi is key and finally that reflective practice is essential for Māori social work professional and personal development.
Finally accountable? Social Work and the Community Investment Strategy
Authors: Sawyers Lynda
Published: November 2016

This article examines and proposes a social work response to the Ministry of Social Development’s Community Investment Strategy social policy. Beddoe and Maidment’s (2009) critical intersections model is utilised for this purpose and critical reference is made to the Productivity Commission’s (2015) policy-framing report More Effective Social Services. The details of the Community Investment Strategy are discussed in relation to service user perspectives, critical social theory, social justice and the role of the social work profession. The resulting analysis highlights that, if left unchecked, the Community Investment Strategy may do harm to those it purports to help. In particular, the Strategy promotes the Ministry of Social Development’s agenda at the expense of those who need to access social services. The suggested social work response is actively anti-oppressive in promoting social justice and placing the service user at the centre of social work practice.
Walking the tight rope: Women’s health social workers’ role with vulnerable families in the maternity context
Authors: Haultain Linda , Fouche Christa , Frost Hannah , Moodley Shireen
Published: November 2016

INTRODUCTION: Keeping children in the centre of practice is an established mantra for the children’s workforce internationally and is also enshrined in the Aotearoa New Zealand Children, Young Persons and Their Families Act 1989. The principle that the welfare and interests of the child are awarded paramount consideration (s6) when these are in conflict with others’ needs is incontestable. However, we suggest that how this translates into day-to-day social work practice is open to multiple interpretations. This interpretation emerged from a women’s health social work team, providing services to pregnant women experiencing complex social factors.METHOD: An audit collected and analysed data from cases that were identified as having achieved successful outcomes in this context. A metaphor emerged from the reflective analysis of these findings. This metaphor, ‘walking the tight rope, maintaining the balance’ was put to the practitioners via a reflective process. FINDINGS: Research findings indicate that by taking up a child welfare orientation to practice positive outcomes are possible. This practice was found to rely on a number of personal, professional and organisational factors, most dominant were those associated with relationship based practice. Findings suggest that women’s health social workers need to maintain a fine balance with several critical elements, such as the provision of reflective supervision acting as a practice safety net. CONCLUSION: It is argued that the binary either/or positions of adopting a child centred or a woman’s centred approach to practice should be avoided and an and / both orientation to practice be adopted. This reflects a child welfare orientation to practice – one in which prevention is a primary focus.
Participation, marginalization and welfare services: Concepts, politics and practices across European countries
Authors: Matthies Aila-Leena , Uggerhoj Lars
Published: November 2016

Reviewed by Jane George, West Coast District Health Board, Greymouth, New Zealand.
Social work’s fingerprint on the evolution of attachment theory: Some essential knowledge for care practice
Authors: Chinnery Shirley-Ann
Published: November 2016

INTRODUCTION: Social work practice knowledge was seminal to the evolution of attachment theory. This disciplinary connection is little known to many social work practitioners. This article seeks to remind care practice social workers specifically of this association, as the social work skills upon which early attachment knowledge was premised remain important to contemporary care practice.METHOD: Through a three-part discussion, this article aims to deepen care practice social workers’ understanding of attachment theory and its practical relevance for care practice assessment. The first section outlines the watershed moments of the theory’s development. The second highlights social work’s connection to this development. The third and final section reviews the construct of the internal working model and its value for distinguishing emotional differences in an adult’s relational biography.FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS: A key care practice goal is to facilitate the healthy growth and development of children and young people who have been placed in foster care due to maltreatment. A growing number of attachment researchers have found that the internal working model of a child’s new caregivers, with respect to attachment, is an important element in the revision of the child’s internal working model of relationships (Pace & Zavattini, 2011). Thus, care practice social workers need to pay close attention to relational facets in prospective caregivers’ assessments as some literature suggests that practitioners struggle to understand the role attachment orientation plays in the care relationship (Bick & Dozier, 2008).CONCLUSIONS: This article highlights and elaborates upon the utility of attachment theory for present-day care practice and argues that a deep understanding of this theory is likely to be instrumental to achieving better relational outcomes in foster care. This knowledge is foundational to conceptualising the different relational expectancies that prospective foster parents might bring to a new relationship.