bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The energy dissipative mechanisms of particle-fiber interactions in a textile composite
Authors: McAllister Quinn P , Gillespie John W , VanLandingham Mark R
Published: November 2013

Nanoindentation and nanoscratch tests made on the surface of Kevlar KM2 fibers impart contact geometries similar to a typical contact between a particle and a fiber in a particle-infused fabric. In this study, the forces required for indentation and scratching are used as a measure of a single particle gouge of the surface of a Kevlar fiber. The gouging forces and a geometric model are used to calculate the apparent friction and energy associated with particle gouging during impact. The friction associated with particle gouging can be increased up to ∼240% compared to Kevlar yarn-yarn friction levels. The energy of gouging a distribution of particles is on the order of 10% of the energy required for axial tensile failure and 25% of the energy required for transverse compression of the fiber (for a limiting transverse strain of ∼0.3). The relative contributions of the friction and energy associated with particle gouging to the overall energy dissipated by a textile composite are discussed.
Diffuse light transmittance of glass fiber-reinforced polymer laminates for multifunctional load-bearing structures
Authors: Pascual Carlos , de Castro Julia , Kostro André , Schueler Andreas , Vassilopoulos Anastasios P , Keller Thomas
Published: November 2013

The diffuse light transmittance of hand lay-up glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates was investigated. Spectrophotometric experiments were performed on unidirectional and cross-ply glass fiber-reinforced polymer specimens with fiber volume fractions ranging from 0.20 to 0.45. Numerical ray-tracing analysis was used to investigate the experimentally observed wavelength dependency of the diffuse light transmittance. Refractive index mismatches between glass fibers and resin and the presence of air flaws in the laminates were the major parameters increasing light diffusion. Based on the experimental data, analytical models were developed to predict the translucency (haze) of glass fiber-reinforced polymer laminates as a function of the reinforcement weight and total light transmittance. The developed models demonstrate the feasibility of conceiving glass fiber-reinforced polymer skylights with a translucency of 0.90 and a total light transmittance of 0.50 for the daylighting of energy-efficient buildings. It is also shown that laminates with translucencies of lower than 0.30 satisfy minimum total transmittances of 0.83 as required for the encapsulation of photovoltaic cells.
The Seismicity of Liquor in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Sukumar N. , Menon Shailaja
Published: November 2013

The state of Andhra Pradesh sought to augment its revenue resources through liberalising its liquor policy, which is expected to engender revenue worth more than ₹15,000 crores annually. The political economy of liquor has generated a lot of debate while testing the notion of a welfare state. This is organised loot by the ruling oligarchy to extract maximum yields, while diluting the gains of the development agenda. In the rural areas, the state is able to ensure liquor at the doorsteps through belt shops. Ever since the tender notification regarding setting up of arrack shops was announced, it met with an unprecedented response from those who bid, a development described in the local media, independent observers and the opposition as being part of a system of political patronage to fill the coffers of the ruling elite, local party cadres, contractors and land mafia. Almost two decades back, a vibrant civil society challenged the state, whether through the Anti-Liquor movement, Naxalite movement, the Dalit movement, etc. Unfortunately, the social movements failed to maintain an organic solidarity with the wider society and as a result, started operating in a cocoon. These enabled the state to target and accommodate these movements, thus frittering away the gains achieved by the people’s struggles. This article is an attempt to map the linkages between a liberalised liquor policy, the dubious role of the state and its ramifications for people’s welfare. It concludes by questioning the paucity of any innovative attempts to further an inclusive socio-developmental agenda whilst posing a challenge to the neoliberal state.
Structure and Mobility in a Delhi Slum: 1988–2013
Authors: Vijay Devesh
Published: November 2013

Slums constitute the fastest-growing segment of most developing countries today. Their weight in the economy as well as politics of these regions is also likely to grow with time. The need to understand the changing economic profile and patterns of mobility inside slums of the twenty-first century through intensive longitudinal studies, along with macro surveys of their demography and livelihood patterns, is thus obvious. The present article draws upon my engagement, since 1988, with a Delhi slum called Aradhaknagar to present an outline of shifts in the occupational, income and assets profile of the community based on surveys, personal interviews and group discussions within Aradhaknagar and on comparisons with six other slum reports, from different cities of India, over the same broad period. While a small improvement in the living standards of both formal and informal sector employees is discerned in wages and assets held by concerned families since 1988, spiralling inflation seems to have hurt many informal sector workers in recent years. The article closes with an analysis of factors which seem to pull down workers trying to struggle around the bottom rungs of the urban social ladder and those that help in their efforts, occasionally.
Book Review: Debating Patriarchy: The Hindu Code Bill Controversy in India (1941–1956)
Authors: Krishnaraj Maithreyi
Published: November 2013

Chitra Sinha, Debating Patriarchy: The Hindu Code Bill Controversy in India (1941–1956), New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2012, pp. 289, ₹750.
Regenerative Medicine of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Basu Joydeep , Bertram Timothy A.
Published: November 2013

Regenerative biology/tissue engineering offers potential solutions for the repair and augmentation of diseased tissues and organs. Tissue engineering technology platforms currently under development for organ regeneration may function in part by recapitulating key mechanistic and signaling pathways associated with embryonic organogenesis. Temporal observations of observed morphological outcomes from the regeneration of tubular organs provide insights into the mechanisms of action associated with the activation of regenerative pathways in preclinical animal models and humans. These include induction of a neo-blastema, regeneration of laminarily organized mural elements (i.e., lamina propria, sub-mucosa, and muscularis), and formation of context appropriate transitional junctions at the point of anastomosis with other tissue elements. These results provide the foundation for a regenerative technology applicable to hollow organs of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract including esophagus and small intestine. Factors affecting the efficacy of observed regenerative outcomes within the GI tract include the roles of vascularization, innervations, and mesenchymal signaling. These will be discussed in the context of an overall mechanism of adult regeneration potentially applicable by the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine industry for continued development of hollow neo-organ products.
Supervised training and home-based rehabilitation in patients with stabilized ankylosing spondylitis on TNF inhibitor treatment: a controlled clinical trial with a 12-month follow-up
Authors: Masiero Stefano , Poli Patrizia , Bonaldo Lara , Pigatto Maurizia , Ramonda Roberta , Lubrano Ennio , Punzi Leonardo , Maffulli Nicola
Published: November 2013

Objective:

To assess the 12-month’s follow-up effects on pain, mobility, and physical function outcomes of a supervised training and home-based rehabilitation for ankylosing spondylitis patients stabilized with TNF-inhibitor therapy.

Design:

Controlled clinical trial (sequentially determined allocation) with 12-months’ follow-up.

Setting:

Patients’ homes.

Subjects:

A total of 69 subjects were allocated to either a rehabilitation programme (rehabilitation group, n = 22), an educational-behavioural programme (educational group, n = 24), and to neither programme (control group, n = 23).

Interventions:

Rehabilitation programme included supervised training and home exercises (stretching, strengthening, aerobic, chest, and spine/hip joint flexibility exercises); educational-behavioural programme included information on ankylosing spondylitis, pain and stress mechanisms, and control.

Main measures:

Spinal pain intensity, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, chest expansion, and cervical and lumbar spine active range of motion measured by a pocket goniometer.

Results:

At baseline, the three groups exhibited comparable demographic characteristics and basal evaluations. Intra-group changes in the rehabilitation group from baseline to 12 months yielded statistically significant gains ( p < 0.05) for all outcomes. At 12-months follow-up, compared with the control and educational-behavioural, the rehabilitation group exhibited significant differences in chest expansion ( p = 0.001 and p < 0.001), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index ( p = 0.012 and p = 0.050), and in some goniometric measurements as cervical rotation ( p = 0.007 and p = 0.014), toraco-lumbar rotation ( p = 0.009 and p = 0.050), and total cervical movements ( p = 0.009 and p = 0.001).

Conclusion:

In comparison with the educational-behavioural programme or no intervention, supervised training and home exercises improved long-term outcome in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
Outsiders inside
Authors: Erez Edna , Globokar Julie L , Ibarra Peter R
Published: November 2013

The article examines how court professionals interact with and manage victims in the wake of victim participatory reforms instituted within an adversarial legal model. Analysis is based on an examination of interviews with legal and allied professionals ( n = 36) and victims-turned-activists ( n = 7) from four jurisdictions in a US state about their experiences following implementation of legislation that expanded victims’ participatory rights in legal proceedings. An examination of the strategies described in the interviews reveals that legal and allied professionals actively manage victims’ participation throughout the legal process by using creative means to protect them from the sometimes onerous effects of participation while also meeting institutional needs, albeit with varying levels of success. Four strategies—demystification, management of emotions, victim-shielding and strategic exclusion—are discussed and the limits to their efficacy are considered. Future theoretical and policy implications for the practice of victim participation in adversarial legal systems are also addressed.
Cartography II
Authors: Caquard Sébastien
Published: November 2013

The goal of this second report is to review how social media are changing the way we collectively map the world. To reach this goal I review different collective mapping practices that characterize the social media era. First I examine the situation of community mapping in the context of new cartographic processes and technologies, with a focus on indigenous cartographies. I then review the use of volunteers in the production and representation of geospatial knowledge, with an emphasis on crisis mapping. Finally, I discuss how map-making in the social media era reflects major trends in terms of power relationships that occur between the state, its citizens and the private sector. These trends reveal the replacement of the state as the main reference for the collection and dissemination of cartographic data, by a combination of private interest and individually volunteered contributions. Just as the specific interests of the nation state have largely helped to shape the reality produced by paper maps throughout the centuries, this new convergence of interests is now helping to shape the reality produced by digital maps through geosocial media.
Femoral Radiographic Landmarks for Popliteus Tendon Reconstruction and Repair
Authors: Fok August W.M. , Kuang Guan Ming , Yau W.P.
Published: November 2013

Background:

Although the popliteus muscle-tendon complex is one of the most important structures in controlling posterolateral rotatory stability of the knee, not much literature has been reported concerning the use of femoral radiographic landmarks of the popliteus tendon in repair and reconstruction.

Hypothesis:

By using standardized radiographic techniques, the femoral insertion of the popliteus tendon could be more precisely determined by the Blumensaat line than by the extension line of the posterior cortex.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Ten fresh-frozen human knees were dissected, and the popliteus tendon was exposed. After identification of the femoral insertion site of the popliteus tendon, the insertion’s center was indicated with a radiographic marker. True lateral radiographs of the distal femur were taken, and the digital radiographic images were analyzed by 2 independent observers.

Results:

The femoral insertion site of the popliteus tendon was found to be a mean 47.5% ± 5.2% across the width of the femoral condyle, 60.7% ± 7.8% along the perpendicular bisector of the Blumensaat line, 0.3 ± 1.7 mm posterior to the extension line of the posterior femoral cortex, and 20.5 ± 3.8 mm distal to the perpendicular line at the Blumensaat point. The variance from the mean point by using the Blumensaat line as a reference was significantly smaller than by using the extension line of the posterior cortex (mean, 2.6 vs 3.6 mm; P = .044).

Conclusion:

A reproducible anatomic and radiographic reference point for the femoral insertion of the popliteus tendon can be determined using standardized radiographic techniques and can be more precisely determined by the Blumensaat line compared with the extension line of the posterior femoral cortex.

Clinical Relevance:

This radiographic information provides an adjunctive tool for preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative assessments of surgical repair and reconstruction of the popliteus tendon.
Foreign military intervention and post-colonial state-building: An actor-centric analysis
Authors: Pickering Jeffrey , Kisangani Emizet F.
Published: November 2013

In an era where state borders are relatively fixed and interstate wars are uncommon, it seems wise to begin to look beyond full-scale war when examining the relationship between military force and state-building. We thus examine the impact that a low-scale form of armed force, foreign military intervention, has on state-building in post-colonial countries. Using selectorate theory within an actor-centric framework, we hypothesize that certain democratic interveners tend to have a positive impact on post-colonial state-building efforts, while non-democratic and intergovernmental organization interveners have little if any impact. We test our theory using interrupted time series methodology in panel corrected standard error estimates of 80 countries from 1972 to 2002. While our empirical results are somewhat mixed, they demonstrate that different sets of interveners do have different state-building impacts.
The aftermath of foot and mouth in the UK: Post-crisis change and Europeanisation
Authors: Connolly John
Published: November 2013

This article assesses the aftermath of the 2001 UK foot and mouth crisis in the context of Europeanisation. Informed by significant elite interviews with British politicians and senior officials in the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Cabinet Office, and the European Commission, the article shows that the 2001 foot and mouth crisis led to an enthused approach by UK policy-makers to reforming the EU legislative framework governing future outbreaks but that this was unmatched by a problematic policy implementation process – despite the impact of a crisis. The article concludes that the twin conceptual bases of Boin et al.’s categorisations of change and Europeanisation are important lenses for studying the aftermath of the foot and mouth crisis.
Mechanical and microstructural characterization of friction stir welded skin and stringer joints
Authors: Leo Paola , Cerri Emanuela , Fratini Livan , Buffa Gianluca
Published: November 2013

A microstructural and mechanical investigation on lap joints welded by friction stir welding and made out of a 7075-T6 stringer and a 2024-T4 skin is presented. In particular, the metallurgical and mechanical properties of joints have been studied at different tool feed rates (V = 35, 50, 100 mm/min) and constant rotation speed (R = 500 r/min). Temperature distributions have been monitored during the process. It is found that in the welded area, the recrystallized zone (nugget) has an average grain size of about 3 µm and exhibits coarsened MgZn2 particles on grain boundaries. The maximum values of microhardness in the welded skin increase with the process temperature, while they just slightly vary with process temperature in the stringer. From the mechanical point of view, the joint welded at R = 500 r/min and V = 50 mm/min exhibits both the highest strength and average microhardness value in the welded area.
Micropolar fluid flow and heat transfer about a spinning cone with Hall current and Ohmic heating
Authors: Dinarvand Saeed , Saber Majid , Abulhasansari Milad
Published: November 2013

In this paper, the laminar boundary layer flow of an electrically conducting micropolar fluid about a spinning cone with Hall current, Ohmic heating, and power-law variation in surface temperature is studied analytically. The governing equations are transformed into a dimensionless system of four nonlinear coupled partial differential equations. These equations have been solved analytically subject to the relevant boundary conditions by employing homotopy analysis method. The convergence of the obtained series solutions is carefully checked. Graphical results are presented to investigate the influence of the magnetic parameter, the Hall parameter, and the Eckert number on the axial velocity, the tangential velocity, the microrotation, and the temperature. For near the cone surface, the magnitude of microrotation velocity increases for free convection regime and decreases for forced convection regime as magnetic parameter increases, but the behavior is completely reversed as one moves away from the cone surface. Besides, in the immediate vicinity of the cone, the effect of increasing the Hall parameter is to increase very slightly the magnitude of microrotation velocity for free convection regime, while the magnitude of microrotation velocity decreases for forced convection regime as the Hall parameter increases, but the converse is apparent as one moves toward the edge of the boundary layer.
Prevalence of syphilis infection and associations with sexual risk behaviours among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Shanghai, China
Authors: He Huan , Wang Min , Zaller Nickolas , Wang Jun , Song Dandan , Qu Yuhuang , Sui Xin , Dong Zhengxin , Operario Don , Zhang Hongbo
Published: November 2013

The aims of this study were to understand the prevalence and correlates of syphilis infection among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shanghai, China. A total of 200 HIV-positive MSM participants were recruited using “snowball” sampling. Participants were tested for syphilis and completed a one-time questionnaire which included demographic characteristics, sexual behaviours with male and female sexual partners, substance use, and use of antiretroviral medications. Prevalence of syphilis infection was 16.5%. Among HIV/syphilis co-infected participants, 63.6% reported having anal sex with male partners and 24.2% did not use condoms consistently during the past six months; 66.7% reported having oral sex with male partners and 51.5% reported unprotected oral sex during the past six months. Factors associated with testing seropositive for syphilis infection included receptive anal sex with a male partner in the past six months (AOR = 12.61, 90% CI = 2.38–66.89), illicit drug use in the past six months (AOR = 11.47, 90% CI = 2.47–53.45), and use of antiretroviral medication (AOR = 4.48, 90% CI = 1.43–14.05). These data indicate a need for “positive prevention” interventions targeting HIV-positive MSM in China.
‘But if you legalise same-sex marriage…’: Arguments against marriage equality in the British press
Authors: Jowett Adam
Published: November 2013

This article uses a rhetorically informed thematic analysis to critically examine conservative arguments against same-sex marriage, as articulated in the British press at the time of a public consultation on marriage equality. Seven opposition arguments were identified: (1) marriage is by definition and tradition a union between a man and a woman; (2) marriage is designed as a framework for raising children; (3) if you allow gay marriage now, it will be polygamous and incestuous marriage next; (4) same-sex marriage would threaten the right to religious freedom; (5) same-sex couples already have equal rights; (6) changing the law to allow same-sex marriage would be undemocratic and (7) the government should focus on bigger priorities. Many of these arguments were a reworking of arguments previously used to oppose other forms of equality, although there was a notable absence of arguments explicitly based on assertions that homosexuality is immoral.
The potential of the marine bivalve mollusc Glossus humanus (L.) as a sclerochronological archive
Authors: Reynolds David J , Richardson Chris A , Scourse James D , Butler Paul G , Wanamaker Alan D , Ridgway Iain , Sayer Martin DJ , Gulliver Pauline
Published: November 2013

In order to assess its potential as a sclerochronological archive, we present statistical and geochemical analyses of internal growth increment series in shells of the heart cockle Glossus humanus (L.), a large marine bivalve. The investigated samples were collected from Loch Sunart and the Sound of Mull, Scotland, United Kingdom. High-resolution stable isotope (δ18O) analyses and radiocarbon (14C) determinations indicated that G. humanus forms annual growth lines. Examination of the growth increment series revealed that the maximum longevity of G. humanus in this region was 78 years. Radiocarbon dating and crossmatching techniques, derived from dendrochronology, were used to provide an estimation of the temporal distribution of the fossil G. humanus. Of the shells that contained >25 growth increments, seven were found to statistically crossmatch, including shells from two distinct sites 15 km apart. The calibrated 14C determinations independently confirmed the crossmatching of three G. humanus shells from the Sound of Mull with a separately constructed Glycymeris glycymeris chronology and a further three G. humanus shells from site 3, in the main basin of Loch Sunart, but indicate a significant difference (site 1) in the antiquity of the two G. humanus populations. Radiocarbon dating indicated that, despite their fragile nature, G. humanus shells remain preserved in near original condition for at least 700 years. Given the small amount of available shell material, it is unlikely that G. humanus will become a key species for the construction of long absolutely dated sclerochronologies. However, these data do indicate that the annually resolved G. humanus growth series could be used to supplement series from other long-lived bivalves and facilitate the construction of a robust multispecies sclerochronology spanning the last 1000 years.
7000 years of vegetation history and land-use changes in the Morvan Mountains (France): A regional synthesis
Authors: Jouffroy-Bapicot Isabelle , Vannière Boris , Gauthier Émilie , Richard Hervé , Monna Fabrice , Petit Christophe
Published: November 2013

This paper aims to reconstruct the vegetation history of a middle mountain – the Morvan (Burgundy, France) – since the Neolithic (i.e. 7000 years). The results of palynological and non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) analysis performed on 10 peat cores document the main phases of human agro-pastoral practices and natural resources management which drove the formation of the cultural landscape of the Morvan Massif over time. To document the history of human activities at a regional scale, particular attention was given to the determination, the characterization and the graphical depiction of phrases of human impact. Both the quantification of the impact of human pressure and the chronological uncertainty of the different phases identified by pollen and NPP analysis were taken into account. This study reveals a clear human presence during periods that were formerly poorly documented, such as the onset of the Neolithic period, the Bronze Age, the early Iron Age and the early Middle Ages. It also sheds new light over periods for which there is better archaeological and historical knowledge, such as the widespread occupation of the massif in the late Iron Age, the cultivation of chestnut from the 11th to the 16th century and the impact of modern firewood exploitation on the forest.
The American College of Rheumatology and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus in two multiethnic cohorts: a commentary
Authors: Pons-Estel GJ , Wojdyla D , McGwin G , Magder LS , Petri MA , Pons-Estel BA ,   on behalf of the Grupo Latino Americano De Estudio del Lupus (GLADEL) and, Alarcón GS ,   on behalf of the LUMINA cohort
Published: November 2013

The authors offer some comments on the advantages and possible drawbacks of using the SLICC criteria in longitudinal observational studies and clinical trials after applying and comparing them to the ACR criteria in two multinational, multiethnic lupus cohorts.
The effects of age, sex, body temperature, heart rate, and time of day on the perception of time in life
Authors: Hancock PA , Hancock GM
Published: November 2013

The present article reports on the relationship between various, physiological and sociological factors on a person’s individual perception of time in life. Specifically, 200 participants (100 males, 100 females) were solicited from diverse, university-centered communities. These volunteers completed a series of questionnaire-based evaluations and also had physiological recordings of heart rate and core temperature taken. For the measure of time-in-life we used an amended version of the Lines test which compared the individual’s perception of their current time-in-life against the actuarial expectation of their lifespan. Results confirmed a strong inverse relationship between and individual’s age and this measure of perceived life duration. The gender of the individual had an important impact on their perceived lifespan. There were also indications of differences contingent upon the time of day at which the test was administered. However, there was little evidence of any linkage between lifespan perception and the physiological indicators recorded. The results are discussed in terms of possible cognitive and sociological determinants of individual’s perception of their present life location.
Hearing Loss in Thai Naval Officers of Coastal Patrol Crafts
Authors: Kaewboonchoo Orawan , Srinoon Sutasinee , Lormphongs Srirat , Morioka Ikuharu , Mungarndee S. Suriyaphun
Published: November 2013

This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the prevalence of hearing loss and its risk factors among Thai naval officers. The subjects consisted of 149 males who were asked to complete a questionnaire. Audiometric threshold testing was performed at the audiometric frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz. The noise levels and the organic solvent concentrations in the working environment were measured on a common type of gun boat. The findings revealed that 39.6% of naval officers had hearing loss. The noise level (LAeq) was 100.6 dB in the engine room. The organic solvent concentrations were less than the occupational exposure limit for organic solvents. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated 2 factors were significantly associated with hearing loss. They were age and service experience. The results suggest that the Thai navy should develop a hearing conservation program for naval officers on coastal patrol crafts.
Alcohol consumption among women rugby players in France: Uses of the “third half-time”
Authors: Fuchs Julien , Le Hénaff Yannick
Published: November 2013

This article explores alcohol consumption among women rugby players, particularly during the “third half-time”, which traditionally takes place after the matches. The article will focus on alcohol use and the transgression of the norms of femininity. A series of ethnographic observations were carried out and semi-structured interviews were conducted with players ( n = 10) from an amateur league-level women’s rugby team in Western France. The results show that within the context of rugby – which is marked by festive excesses and has been socially constructed as a “male” sport – women have a specific relationship with alcohol; although drinking is deemed necessary to demonstrate their inclusion in so-called “rugby culture”, it is, nevertheless, far from being completely unrestrained. On the contrary, some of its effects are a construct of the group itself. In this sense, drinking in the third half-time poses a dilemma for women: how to establish themselves as women rugby players whilst remaining women at the same time.
Histopathology of Keratoacanthoma Revisited
Authors: Aung Phyu P. , Ballester Leomar Y. , Mahalingam Meera
Published: November 2013

Background/Aims. Given the defining histopathologic architecture of keratoacanthoma (KA), the aim of this study was to measure the crateriform orifice (“orificial size”) in histopathologically crateriform lesions to ascertain its utility as an objective diagnostic histopathologic adjunct. Methods. This cross-sectional, retrospective study included 97 cases with a histopathologic diagnosis of KA. We measured the “orificial size” using the ocular micrometer in a BH-2 Olympus microscope at 4× magnification, in a blinded manner with respect to information. Frequency of histopathologic features observed was also recorded. Results. The average orificial size for different groups was as follows: 2.3 ± 0.2 mm for cases with a clinical presentation of KA/keratotic papule (KP) (n = 30) versus 2.9 ± 0.3 mm for other (n = 67), P = .18. Histopathologic findings in the 2 groups were as follows: crateriform architecture/epithelial lip and sharp demarcation of tumor from stroma (100% in both groups), fibrosis (29/30 vs 64/67), apoptotic keratinocytes (27/30 vs 56/67), dermal islands of “glassy” keratinocytes (26/30 vs 54/67), entrapped elastic fibers (26/30 vs 49/67), and neutrophilic abscesses (11/30 vs 21/670 [ P = not significant for all]. Conclusion. Our findings indicate that, in the appropriate clinical setting, a smaller orificial size, although predictive of a KA, in itself is not sufficient for a definitive diagnosis. Given that a major limitation is that this is a function of age of the lesion as orificial size depends on the evolution stage of the neoplasm with the largest diameter often evident in lesions at early stages of regression, for now correlation with histopathologic features such as presence of an epithelial lip, sharp demarcation of tumor from stroma, and fibrosis (present in >95% of cases of KAs) is required.
Widespread Psammoma Body Formation Arising in the Background of a Uterine Serous Carcinoma
Authors: Salmons Nabeel Andrew
Published: November 2013

This report highlights a very rare phenomenon of widespread psammomatous calcification without accompanying epithelium, present in the background of a uterine serous carcinoma. Psammomatous calcification is associated with benign and malignant pathology in different organ systems including the gynaecological tract.
Dynamic stability analysis of functionally graded nanocomposite non-uniform column reinforced by carbon nanotube
Authors: Pourasghar Amin , Kamarian Saeed
Published: November 2013

This paper deals with the dynamic behavior of a non-uniform column reinforced by single-walled carbon nanotubes resting on an elastic foundation and subjected to follower force. The method of solution is the differential quadrature method. The carbon nanotube reinforced composite (CNTRC) columns have smooth variation of carbon nanotube (CNT) fraction in the thickness direction and the material properties are estimated by the extended rule of mixture. Detailed parametric studies have been carried out to reveal the influences of the kind of distribution and volume fractions of CNT on natural frequencies and the critical load for the CNTRC column.
Effect of phage and host concentration on the inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on cooked and raw beef
Authors: Hudson JA , Billington C , Wilson T , On SLW
Published: November 2013

A previously described phage infecting Escherichia coli O157:H7 was added to raw and cooked beef pieces at concentrations ranging from 101–108 plaque forming units/cm2 to either low (<100 CFU/cm2) or high (104 CFU/cm2) concentrations of host bacterial cells. Incubation for up to 24 h was performed at 5℃ and 24℃ to simulate refrigerated and room temperature storage/temperature abuse. Surviving bacteria were enumerated during the incubation period, with phages being counted at the first and last sampling times. Significant reductions of E. coli O157:H7 of the order of >4 log10 CFU/cm2 at both temperatures could be achieved compared to phage-free controls. There was a trend for greater inactivation to occur with increasing phage concentration. While re-growth of surviving cells occurred in nearly all samples incubated for 24 h at 24℃, these conditions are not typical of those experienced by perishable foods. It was concluded that phages can be used to reduce the concentration of a bacterial pathogen on meat, but the concentration of phages needs to be high (>4–5 log10 plaque forming units/cm2) for reductions to occur. A concentration of the order 8 log10 plaque forming units/cm2 was needed to achieve a 4 log10 CFU/cm2 reduction.
The Association Between ADHD and Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)
Authors: Storebø Ole Jakob , Simonsen Erik
Published: November 2013

Objective: Children with ADHD have an increased risk of later developing personality disorders and criminal behavior. The object of the present review is to analyze the associations between ADHD and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Method: A review of literature was done using EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Medline databases. Results: Eighteen prospective studies ( n = 5,501) showed that ADHD with and without comorbid conduct disorder (CD) is a strong predictor for the risk of later development of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Some of the 13 cross-sectional/retrospective studies ( n = 2,451) suggested that ADHD and CD might be a separate subtype of ADHD, that especially impulsivity in ADHD is a predictor for later development of ASPD, or that callous-unemotional traits in the ADHD children are called for a risk factor for later ASPD. Conclusion: There is an increased risk for children with ADHD with or without comorbid CD to develop later onset of antisocial personality disorder.
Influence of Smoking Cigarettes on Cerebral Blood Flow Parameters
Authors: Kochanowicz Jan , Lewko Jolanta , Rutkowski Robert , Turek Grzegorz , Sieskiewicz Andrzej , Lyson Tomasz , Mariak Zenon
Published: November 2013

Introduction:

While chronic cigarette smoking can lead to increased risk of stroke, the acute effects of smoking have not been established. We studied the changes in blood flow parameters in the major cerebral arteries caused by smoking one cigarette.

Method:

Using transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS), we studied the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), posterior cerebral artery (PCA), and the internal carotid artery (ICA) of 36 healthy male volunteers before and after they smoked one cigarette.

Results:

Blood flow velocity increased to a different degree in all but one of the arteries examined after participants smoked a single cigarette: The end diastolic velocity increased significantly by 7.8% in the PCA, 8% in the ACA, and 14.4% in the MCA. The peak systolic velocity increased significantly by 7.5% in the MCA. Blood flow velocity remained unchanged in the ICA only. Blood pressure and heart rate increased as did the flow velocity ratio for the MCA/ICA. The pulsatility index decreased after smoking from 0.92 ± 0.13 to 0.87 ± 0.14 in the MCA, 0.93 ± 0.15 to 0.87 ± 0.13 in the ACA, and 0.95 ± 0.17 to 0.89 ± 0.16 in the PCA.

Conclusions:

The results suggest that the direct effect of smoking on cerebral circulation includes peripheral vasodilatation with possible constriction of the main trunk of the basal cerebral arteries.
Language contact in the Polish-American community in Chicago
Authors: Kozminska Kinga
Published: November 2013

Heritage speakers are individuals who were raised in a home where a language other than the dominant language of a given society was spoken. Heritage speakers are to some extent bilingual in both the language of their home and the dominant language. Only recently have linguists started examining heritage languages, languages that have not been completely acquired. In this article, I focus on features of heritage Polish spoken by “advanced high”1 bilinguals from the Chicago area. A special focus is put on lexical and structural features that differ from standard Polish as described by grammars of Polish. I demonstrate that the Polish language undergoes reduction in nominal morphology and displays different patterns of verbal morphology. Structural innovations are modelled on English structure; however, new independent phenomena are also observed. Thus, the article contributes to the discussion about the role of incomplete acquisition, language attrition and language interference in shaping heritage languages.
‘Diaspora girls doing identities’: Creating ideal television programmes and narratives of the self
Authors: Adriaens Fien
Published: November 2013

This article reports on the results of a visual ethnographic case study with teenage diaspora girls living in Belgium. It analyses how second-generation girls of Turkish descent perform identities through the visualization of and reflection on their ideal television programme. This article starts from an intersectional and performance approach to identity, then explores what happens when diaspora girls ‘do television’; it contributes to the knowledge of what young females ‘do’ with media texts and moves beyond the conventional interview methods within audience research. Results show that when participants produce collages of their ideal television programmes, they reflexively engage in providing a narrative of the self and in performing identities. The cases identified with a broad spectrum of shifting subject-positions, often transgressing ethnicity, foregrounding age and gender. Visual ethnography complemented by traditional audience research techniques proved to be useful in approaching issues such as identity performance and the role of media.
Endorsement of system-justifying beliefs strengthens the relationship between church attendance and Right-Wing Authoritarianism
Authors: Osborne Danny , Sibley Chris G.
Published: November 2013

Research demonstrates that religiosity and Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) are positively correlated (Altemeyer & Hunsberger, 1992). The extent to which this relationship holds across the population, however, is unknown. Because support for conformity and tradition—values fostered by religion (Saroglou, Delpierre, & Dernelle, 2004) and consonant with RWA (Altemeyer, 1996)—may be facilitated by the perception that the status quo is fair, endorsement of system-justifying beliefs should moderate the relationship between religiosity and RWA. We tested this hypothesis in a national probability sample of religiously identified New Zealanders ( N = 1,600). As predicted, church attendance was associated with a steep initial increase, followed by a gradual plateau, in RWA. This relationship was, however, stronger for those who were high (vs. low) in system justification. These findings provide the first demonstration that system-justifying beliefs strengthen the relationship between religiosity and RWA, while simultaneously broadening the scope of system justification theory.
Changes in authority relations when moving between more and less authoritarian cultures
Authors: Epaminonda Epaminondas
Published: November 2013

By analysing the experience of Cypriot workers who studied and worked in Britain and the United States and then returned to Cyprus to work, it is argued in this article that the time abroad contributes to making their authority relations’ conceptions less authoritarian. On return home, many of the individuals who studied abroad wish to retain the newly acquired elements in their attitudes and behaviour, but even though they seem able to influence workers around them, especially subordinates, to act in a less authoritarian manner, they find that they have to adjust, at least to an extent, to local norms, particularly when other co-workers did not go through a similar educational experience. These findings suggest that an experience in a less authoritarian society compared to the home culture tends to shift authority relations norms to the less authoritarian but adjustment is likely needed on return home. Implications for managerial practice are briefly discussed.
Monitoring of bearing failure in composite bolted connections using ultrasonic guided waves: A parametric study
Authors: Haynes Colin , Todd Michael , Nadabe Takeaki , Takeda Nobuo
Published: November 2013

Bearing damage in composite bolted connections (such as those commonly used in aerospace applications) is investigated through the application of ultrasonic guided waves. Specifically, identical macro-fiber composite sensor arrays were bonded to each of two identical composite plates. One plate was then inspected ultrasonically in the unloaded condition with bearing damage being introduced through successive uniaxial tensile tests, while the other plate was assessed while under load in the tensile testing machine. A scattering matrix approach is employed to characterize the interaction of the guided waves with the target bolt hole. The effects of applied load and the bolt fixture on the ultrasonic results are explored. A parametric study is carried out to determine the optimal actuation frequency and interrogation angle for this application. The results demonstrate that the system is capable of detecting bolt bearing damage as well as monitoring of the applied load in the elastic region.
Luminance gradient for evaluating lighting
Authors: Cai H
Published: November 2013

This paper introduces luminance gradient as a metric for evaluating common non-uniform luminous environments. Luminance gradient is defined as the largest change rate and the polarity of spatial luminance variation on a large surface or across the entire field of view in high resolution. The metric, a visualization method, and a freely available MatLab code for plotting luminance gradient maps have been developed. The retinal resolution of pixels for mapping luminance gradient has also been identified. A camera-aided measurement method of luminance gradient is proposed, which is demonstrated in two case studies of the evaluation of different types of luminous environments. Moreover, this study explored whether luminance gradient could also be obtained from computer simulations using lighting software programs AGI32 and HeliosPro.
The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Soldiers of the Military Police of Bahia State, Brazil
Authors: Filho Romário Teixeira Braga , D’Oliveira Argemiro
Published: November 2013

The mortality rate of men is generally higher than that of women, irrespective of the age group. Currently, a key concern for health care professionals is the prevalence of risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of individual risk factors for cardiovascular disease as well as the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among men serving in the Military Police Corps of the state of Bahia, Brazil. This service employs mostly men, and they are known to experience high levels of occupational stress and professional victimization. We conducted a cross-sectional study among military police soldiers ( n = 452) who were candidates for a military police training course in Bahia, Brazil. All candidates who attended the selection process were evaluated according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Panel III in order to assess the presence of medical disorders that could contribute to cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. The authors identified a high prevalence of hypertension (55.76%), hypertriglyceridemia (50.85%), waist circumference of >102 cm (31.76%), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (30.46%), and impaired fasting glucose (28.15%) in our subjects. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 38.54%. The authors suggest that measures should be taken to ensure that military policemen receive continued medical care, both in their professional capacity and in their personal circumstances, and that attention be focused on intervention programs.
Gendered frontlines: British press coverage of women soldiers killed in Iraq
Authors: Ette Mercy
Published: November 2013

The press plays a crucial role in image formation and information provision about female soldiers who die on battlefields. This article demonstrates how the UK press coverage of the death of four British service women stripped them of their identity as soldiers and minimised their accomplishments and level of military participation. It analyses how media discourse of war and military practices converged to reinforce cultural assumptions of war. The article argues that the nuanced coverage of the four women who died in Iraq within one year was a result of gendered mediation, which accentuated the femininity and masculinity dichotomy associated with the military; and underscored the gendered nature of war. The study shows that the gendering of the death of the women reinforced the entrenched marginalisation of women in war narratives.
Picturing a journey of protest or a journey of harmony? Comparing the visual framing of the 2008 Olympic torch relay in the US versus the Chinese press
Authors: Huang Ying , Fahmy Shahira
Published: November 2013

In examining details of the international journey of the 2008 Olympic torch relay in the US and Chinese press, results revealed that US photos emphasized the protest frame by showing unsupported visuals of the torch relay and focusing on human rights/Tibetan independence. The Chinese dailies, on the other hand, emphasized the success of the torch relay while focusing on the harmony frame. These frames reflected each country’s news and societal values regarding the conflict under study, its policy towards Tibet, and its level of support for the Olympics in Beijing. In addition to these findings, the authors propose a framework of visual–textual consistency to access the relationship between visual and textual information. Therefore, this study not only adds to the body of work in visual communication by exploring the visual coverage of a controversial Olympic event in a cross-cultural context, offering a broader understanding of the intertwined relationship between media, conflict, and sports, but also contributes to framing theory by examining captions that build contrasting visual frames within a conflict setting.