bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Malaysian nurses’ knowledge and attitudes regarding BRCA genetic testing
Authors: Liu Kien Ting , Wan Rosli Wan Rosilawati , Yusuf Azlina , Lean Keng Soon
Published: October 2021

Background: Breast cancer genetic (BRCA) testing for cancer susceptibility is an emerging technology in medicine. 
Objective: This study assessed the knowledge and attitude of nurses regarding BRCA genetic testing in a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 nurses using a simple random sampling technique in a tertiary teaching hospital in northeast peninsular Malaysia. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic data, assessing nurses’ knowledge and attitude regarding BRCA genetic testing. Fisher exact test analysis was used to determine the association between socio-demographic characteristics with knowledge and attitude level. In addition, the overall knowledge and attitude were analysed using the sum score of each outcome based on Bloom’s cut-off point.
Results: Of the 150 nurses, 66.7% had high knowledge level about BRCA genetic testing, and 58% were positive towards genetic testing. The participants’ mean age was 28.9 years (SD = 6.70). Years of working experience (p = 0.014) significantly influenced knowledge level on BRCA genetic testing, whereas speciality working experience (p <0.001) significantly influenced BRCA genetic testing attitudes.
Conclusions: The results show that most nurses have adequate knowledge of BRCA genetic testing. However, their attitude could be termed negative. Therefore, targeted education programs on BRCA genetic testing and risk are needed to improve the knowledge and attitude of nurses and, ultimately, can educate the women and increase health-seeking behaviour among eligible women.
Association of c/t polymorphism in the lrp5 gene with circulating follicle stimulating hormone in Caucasian postmenopausal women
Authors: Žofková I , Hill M , Zajíčková K
Published: October 2021

The LRP5 gene is believed to be primarily associated with bone metabolism via Wnt signaling. The latter pathway, however, appears to control various other systems outside the skeleton. To find the relationships of the LRP5 gene to serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the cohort of normal postmenopausal women, we identified the C/T (c.4037:A1330V) polymorphism in the LRP5 gene using a restriction analysis of the PCR product in a cohort of 165 untreated pre- and post-menopausal women. In a subset of 111 post-menopausal women we analyzed the association between the LRP5 genotype and serum levels of sex-hormones including FSH and LH. The distribution of CC, TC and TT genotypes of the C/T polymorphism in the whole group was 73.9 %, 23.6 % and 2.4 %, respectively, which is comparable with other Caucasian populations. As no TT homozygote was found in the group of post-menopausal women, serum sex-hormones were compared between CC and TC genotypes. Women with the CT allele combination had markedly higher serum FSH levels as compared to carriers of the CC genotype (p<0.004). No differences between these genotypes were found in serum LH levels as well as the circulating sex-steroids such as estradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and/or its sulphate, androstenedione and SHBG. To conclude, the LRP5 gene is associated with circulating FSH in normal post-menopausal women in the present study. The mediating role of subtle undetectable variations in estrogen levels is discussed. We did not find any relationship between the LRP-5 genotype and serum LH levels.
Physiological role of dendrotoxin sensitive k channels in the rat cerebellar Purkinje neurons
Authors: Haghdoust H , Janahmadi M , Behzadi G
Published: October 2021

To understand the contribution of potassium (K+) channels, particularly alpha-dendrotoxin (D-type)-sensitive K+ channels (Kv.1, Kv1.2 or Kv1.6 subunits), to the generation of neuronal spike output we must have detailed information of the functional role of these channels in the neuronal membrane. Conventional intracellular recording methods in current clamp mode were used to identify the role of alpha-dendrotoxin (alpha-DTX)-sensitive K+ channel currents in shaping the spike output and modulation of neuronal properties of cerebellar Purkinje neurons (PCs) in slices. Addition of alpha-DTX revealed that D-type K+ channels play an important role in the shaping of Purkinje neuronal firing behavior. Repetitive firing capability of PCs was increased following exposure to artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) containing alpha-DTX, so that in response to the injection of 0.6 nA depolarizing current pulse of 600 ms, the number of action potentials insignificantly increased from 15 in the presence of 4-AP to 29 action potentials per second after application of DTX following pretreatment with 4-AP. These results indicate that D-type K+ channels (Kv.1, Kv1.2 or Kv1.6 subunits) may contribute to the spike frequency adaptation in PCs. Our findings suggest that the activation of voltage-dependent K+ channels (D and A types) markedly affect the firing pattern of PCs.
Metabolic disorders in patients with chronic kidney failure
Authors: Cibulka R , Racek J
Published: October 2021

This review article summarizes the problems of metabolic disorders and nutrition imbalances that often occur in chronic kidney failure (CKF) or following regular dialysis treatment. In this survey, we cover the pathogenesis of these disorders, their clinical consequences, and their association with the most severe complications of chronic kidney failure and dialysis treatment. These complications are primarily atherosclerosis, malnutrition, anemia, hyperparathyroidism, and other serious problems that markedly and negatively affect prognosis and the quality of life of uremic patients. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease are discussed in-depth because cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney failure. It is important to pay attention to the development of these complications because early diagnosis and therapy can improve the prognosis for these patients and reduce treatment costs.
Indapamide-induced prevention of myocardial fibrosis in spontaneous hypertension rats is not nitric oxide-related
Authors: Janega P , Kojšová S , Jendeková L , Babál P , Pecháňová O
Published: October 2021

We studied the effect of thiazide-like diuretic--indapamide on fibrosis development in the left ventricle of young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and assessed the involvement of nitric oxide in this process. Six-week-old male SHR were treated with indapamide (1 mg/kg/day) for six weeks. Age-matched SHR were used as hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) as normotensive control. Systolic blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff plethysmography. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, protein expressions of endothelial (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS), myocardial fibrosis and collagen type I and III were determined in the left ventricle. Indapamide treatment partially prevented SBP increase in SHR (SHR+Indapamide: 157+/-4, SHR: 171+/-3, WKY: 119+/-3 mmHg). Indapamide prevented myocardial fibrosis development in SHR, but without affecting collagen type I to type III ratio. Indapamide did not affect NOS activity as well as eNOS and iNOS protein expressions in the left ventricles evaluated by both Western blot and immunohistochemically. In conclusion, our results indicate that indapamide-induced prevention of myocardial fibrosis is not mediated by nitric oxide-related mechanism.
Use of an original precision multichannel analogue-digital converter in EEG research in sport
Authors: Kharitonov S. Yu. , Fokin Yu. V.
Published: October 2021

High-precision hardware tools and innovative technologies developed for the analysis of activity and neuroimaging of intracentral relations of the brain using electroencephalographic methods are important for the diagnostics and correction of the functional state of athletes, prediction of the psychoactive properties of biologically active compounds and their combinations, improvement of the results of clinical studies of neuropsychoactive drugs to optimize their practical application.
Effects of empagliflosin on the course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in experiment
Authors: Bunyat A. V. , Sukhanov D. S.
Published: October 2021

Effects of the SGLT-2 drug of the group of empagliflozin inhibitors on the biochemical and histological picture of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice was evaluated.
Prof. Cemal Arif Alagöz, Vefatının 30. Yılı Anısına
Authors: TUNÇEL Harun , ÇİÇEK Hikmet
Published: October 2021

Bu yazı Cemal Arif Alagöz’ü vefatının otuzuncu yılında anmak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Aynı zamanda onun hakkında genç coğrafyacılara ayrıntılı bilgi vermek de hedeflenmiştir Cemal Arif Alagöz, 1902 yılında İstanbul’da doğmuş, 1991 yılında Ankara’da vefat etmiştir. Öğrenimini İstanbul’da görmüş, burada öğretmen okulundan mezun olup 1921 yılında ilkokul öğretmeni olarak göreve başlamış 1927 yılında yurt dışına gidinceye kadar bu görevi yapmıştır. Alagöz, üniversiteden mezun olduktan sonra, Fransa’ya gitmiş 1931 yılında Paris Üniversitesinden de diploma almış, 1931 yılında Ankara Gazi Terbiye Enstitüsünde göreve başlamıştır. 1933 yılında İstanbul Üniversitesi doçent kadrosuna atanmış, 1936 yılında Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesine geçmiştir. Burada 1943 yılında profesörlüğe yükseltilmiştir. 1944 yılından emekli olduğu 1972 yılına kadar bu bölümün başkanlığını da yapmıştır. Çeşitli bilimsel kuruluşlara üye olmuş ve onların faaliyetlerine katılarak her zaman desteğini sürdürmüştür. Birbirinden farklı pek çok konuda yayını olan Alagöz’ün özellikle yaylacılık ve karst konusundaki çalışmalarının coğrafya bilimi içinde ayrı ve önemli bir yeri vardır. Cemal Arif Alagöz, tüm hayatı boyunca mesleğini ön planda tutmuş, onun gelişmesi için çaba sarf etmiş olan müstesna bir bilim insanıdır.
El Yazısını Dijital Metne Çeviren Mobil Uygulama
Authors: Sarıfakıoğlu Mehmet Oytun , Yılmaz Özgün
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmada el yazısını dijital yazıya dönüştüren bir mobil uygulama anlatılmaktadır. Kullanıcıların akıllı telefonlarını kullanarak el yazısı ile aldıkları notları dijital ortama kolaylıkla aktarmaları amaçlanmaktadır. Bu uygulama bir yazı görüntüsünü akıllı telefonun galerisinden veya kamera aracılığı ile girdi olarak almaktadır. Uygulama istemci sunucu mimarisinde tasarlanmıştır ve uygulama arayüzünde seçilmiş olan fotoğraf, sunucuda bulunan bir derin öğrenme modeli aracılığıyla dijital metne çevrilmekte ve sonuçlar istemciye (mobil uygulamaya) gönderilmektedir. Sunucu tarafı Python programlama dili ve Flask çerçevesi ile geliştirilmiştir. Mobil uygulama, Dart programlama dili ile Flutter platformunda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu sayede iOS ve Android platformlarını desteklemektedir ve daha fazla kullanıcının bu uygulamaya erişebilmesi sağlanmıştır. Bu uygulama ile yazılı kaynaklar hızlı ve etkin bir şekilde dijital ortama aktarılabilir.
Determine The Problems Of Women Entrepreneurs And The Research Of The Effects Of These Problems On Women's Initiatives: A Case Study Of The Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Avşar Dilehan , Avşar Gökhan
Published: October 2021

The number of women entrepreneurs who start a new business or own a business has been increasing rapidly in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the problems faced by women entrepreneurs registered in the associations and chambers of business in the Eastern Mediterranean Region during their entrepreneurship and to examine the effects of these problems on women entrepreneurs. The main purpose of this study is to define the role of female labor force in the new sectoral structure in the changing labor market. In addition, it is aimed to identify the existing entrepreneurship activities, to examine the barriers to entrepreneurship and to propose solutions to the problems identified in line with the findings. The role of women entrepreneurs in the labor market is examined. Evaluating these factors, which are thought to affect the business life of women entrepreneurs, to develop suggestions that can contribute to their development and empowerment. Within the scope of this study, women entrepreneurs in the Eastern Mediterranean Region were investigated. In the preliminary study, women entrepreneurs registered as women entrepreneurs were identified by contacting the Chamber of Commerce, Chamber of Industry, Organized Industrial Zone and Commodity Exchange, and the research was conducted through face-to-face questionnaires with the entrepreneurs who accepted the interview in Eastern Mediterranean Region. At the end of the study, the most common problems faced by women engaged in entrepreneurship activity were; low level of education, insufficient financial support and lack of information. In developing countries such as Turkey, especially in terms of the effects of women's entrepreneurship development should not be ignored.
Diz Eklemi Momentinin Tahmini İçin Makine Öğrenmesi Yöntemlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Serbest Kasım , Kılıç Serhan Ayberk
Published: October 2021

İnsan uzuvlarında meydana gelen eklem momentlerinin belirlenmesi değişik uygulamalar için önemlidir. Önceki çalışmalarda eklem momentleri matematiksel yöntemler, bu alana özgü yazılımlar veya yapay zeka yöntemleri ile belirlenmiştir. Yapay zeka teknikleri ile yapılan tahminlerde çoğunlukla elektromiyografi (EMG) sinyalinden faydalanılmaktadır. Ancak EMG ile çalışmanın bazı dezavantajları bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kütle ve atalet özelliklerine dayalı olarak elde edilen veriler ile farklı makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları kullanılarak diz eklemi momenti tahmin edilmiştir. Oturup kalkma hareketinin analizine yönelik yapılan klinik çalışmamıza 10 adet sağlıklı denek katılmıştır. Deneklerden elde edilen veriler doğrusal regresyon, destek vektör makineleri, polinom regresyonu, rassal orman, XGboost, Light GBM ve yapay sinir ağı algoritmalarının eğitiminde kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlara bakıldığında diz eklemi momentini tahmin etmede en yüksek başarı XGBoost algoritmasında (%94.0), en düşük başarı ise destek vektör makineleri algoritmasında (%71.5) elde edilmiştir.
Birbirine Benzer El Hareketlerinin EMG Sinyalleri Kullanılarak Sınıflandırılması
Authors: Derdiyok Ayşe Dilan , Ay Ayşe Nur , Yıldız Mustafa Zahid
Published: October 2021

Rehabilitasyon cihazlarını destekleyen robotik sistemler ve el fonksiyonlarını karşılayan robotik protezlerin de iyileşme arzusu, iskelet cihazlarının geliştirilmesinde büyük rol oynamıştır. Yüzey elektromiyografi (sEMG) sinyallerinin kullanıldığı bu tür cihazlarda protez kontrolünün gerçekleşebilmesi için sinyallerin özelliklerinin bilinmesi ve bu özellikler sayesinde el hareketlerinin sınıflandırılması mümkün hale gelir. Bu çalışmasında Myo TM Armbandı (Akıllı Kol Bant) tarafından elde edilmiş olan, yüzey elektromiyografik sinyallerinin benzer hareketleri ayırt etmede sınıflandırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kullandığım 225 katılımcıdan alınan ve benzer el hareketi yapılmış olan açık kaynak EMG veri setini, öncelikle ön işleme adımlarından geçirildikten sonra, özellik çıkarımı adımları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çıkarılan on özellik sınıflandırıcıya girdi olarak verilmiştir. Sınıflandırıcı olarak sırasıyla Karar ağaçları (Decision Trees), Destek vektör makineleri (SVM), Toplu Öğrenme (Ensemble learning), yakın K- en komşu algoritmaları (k-NN) denenmiş olup; bu algoritmalar içinde doğruluk başarısı diğer algoritmalara oranla %87.6 olarak en yüksek k- en yakın komşu algoritması ile elde edilmiştir.
The Use of a Dynamic Cooling Mechanism for a Double Faced Photovoltaic Power System
Authors: Erel Muhammed Selman , Erel Şerafettin
Published: October 2021

The use of solar energy systems among renewable energy sources is gaining importance day by day. Photovoltaic systems have a special importance among solar energy systems. Although the incident light flux increases the electrical energy produced in the solar panels, the increase in temperature caused by the radiation reduces the efficiency of the solar panels. Important methods are being studied in order to increase this falling efficiency. Dynamic cooling systems are one of the important methods used in this field. In this study, a dynamic cooling mechanism was designed and developed for a double-faced photovoltaic power generation system. From this point, it was concluded that temperature is one of the important factors affecting the efficiency of solar panels.
Diagnostics of innovative activity in an educational institution
Authors: Yakovets Olga
Published: October 2021

Purpose – substantiation of the necessity of diagnosing innovative activity in an educational institution and generalization of a set of tasks solved by innovative diagnosing with separation of its types, principles and stages; investigation of possible risk factors in the educational diagnosis of innovation. Research methodology. The methods of system analysis and synthesis were used in the research, and the method of generalization was used, which allowed to determine the optimal approach to the identified issues. Scientific novelty. The article summarizes the concept of «diagnosis» as a term used in educational activities for innovation. The tasks which are called to solve diagnosing of innovative activity are opened. The types, stages and principles of diagnostics of innovative activity in an educational institution are widely presented. Methods of diagnostics of innovative activity are investigated. Attention is paid to the risk factors that appear in the way of innovation. Conclusions. Introducing atypical for nomenclature management culture methods and technologies for diagnosing innovation processes, management encounters numerous obstacles due to lack of creative activity, indecision of managers, inability to respond quickly and adequately to the needs of innovative development of education, obstacles and prohibitions «from above». It is the diagnosis of innovation that is the element that will suspend the processes of degradation of innovation in the school. Andmastering a set of methods and principles for diagnosing innovation will help increase the competitiveness of the institution.
Keywords: innovation, innovation activity, diagnosing innovation activity, management analysis, educational institution.
Features of capitalization in the forestry complex
Authors: Nesterenko Svetlana
Published: October 2021

Purpose – тo generalize methodical approaches to the interpretation of the category of capitalization in the forestry complex and to identify sources of funds that can provide an additional financial basis for the capitalization of forest resources. Research methodology. In the context of this work, the method of system analysis and synthesis was used, as well as a comparative method, which allowed to determine the optimal approach to the identified issues. Scientific novelty. The article summarizes the existing interpretations of the concept of capitalization, according to which the main methodological approaches to it are highlighted, in particular, as: the process of attracting and increasing the value of any assets (resources); the process of transformation of factors of production (assets, resources) into capital; performance of the entity. The article forms directions and relevant additional sources of funds for the use of forest resources, which can provide an additional financial basis for the capitalization of forest resources (assets). Conclusions. It is established that today it is impossible to assess forest assets as a source of environmental and social functions, as there is no methodology for calculating their value. It is noted that the only approach to the assessment of forest resources is only the actual cost of part of forestry products, including by- products and in-use use, hunting, harvesting of secondary forest materials and, accordingly, capitalization of only part of rent in real sales prices. period of restoration and formation of forest stands.
Key words: capitalization, forestry complex, forestry assets, forest rent, sources of financing.
Assessment of air pollution in cities by road transport in projects for managing the metropolis ecological state
Authors: Bakulich Olena , Samoilenko Evgen
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the pollution level in the city streets by road transport. Purpose. The aim of the work is to operative assess the concentration of pollutants in street canyons in projects for managing the ecological state of the metropolis. Research Methodology. The article used statistical analysis, mathematical modeling. Scientific novelty. A model for assessing the level of air pollution in city street canyons is proposed. On the basis of this model, the concentration of pollutants in the street canyons of the Pechersky district of Kiev was determined, taking into account the daily dynamics of the traffic flows intensity. Conclusions. The research results can be used in the operational forecasting of the pollution level of the roadside space ecosystems, which will allow timely, by controlling the parameters of the traffic flow, to prevent critical situations in which the concentration of pollutants exceeds the maximum permissible values.
Key words: management, transport, pollution assessment, traffic flow, design, modeling of pollution fields.
Needs forecasting in minerals for a purpose rational use of supplements
Authors: Bodayuk Adam
Published: October 2021

The purpose is to develop and apply the concepts of needs in natural resources: review of prehistoric natural conditions of geochemical processes in geospheres, in particular in the earth's crust, analysis of the formation of natural origin, and later for economic use of resource production facilities.
The research methodology – application of the resource approach to the definition of concepts, abstract, system-structural and comparative analysis.
Scientific novelty. The mechanism of management of nature management processes is revealed. Installed the need for natural resources, in particular the minerals that are needed to consider as the first stage of management of processes of nature and subsoil use. Applied innovations taking into account the factor of ownership of natural resources are indicated. Mineral needs are classified according to various characteristics, which together determines the multifactorial development of mining. It is noted that mineral deposits are not yet a measured resource for geological exploration, estimation of volumes and structure of mineral extraction, their use as raw materials or goods for the development of various industries of Ukraine. It is indicated that the structure and properties of minerals mineral deposits are characterized by different resource and quality composition, therefore, in Ukraine there is a need for further geological and cost estimates of the mineral resource base to provide recommendations for its use for the creation and development of quality metallurgy.
Conclusions. The results of the study will contribute to the further formation of theoretical positions on natural resource assessments of minerals and their deposits, the needs for their exploration and operation.
Key words: management, needs, resources, minerals, nature management, subsoil use.
THE IMPLICATIONS OF MARKETING RESEARCH FOR TOURISM DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Panchenko Svitlana , Litovka-Demenina Svitlana
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the article is, taking into account the importance of marketing research in the field of tourism, to propose an adequate marketing strategy for a tourism enterprise in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Methodology – the application of methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, forecasting, as well as the use of systemic, activity-based, histori- cal approaches.
The scientific novelty is in the proposals for solving problems in the field of tourism, in particular, in conducting marketing research at travel companies in the conditions of Covid-19.
Conclusions. As a result of the study, it was found that tourism organizations require market monitoring in the context of Covid-19, constant and consistent marketing research in connection with the reformatting of the market with new challenges of the time.
Keywords: marketing research, pandemic, Covid-19, tourism product, tourism
Marketing communications technologies in modern conditions
Authors: Sievonkaieva Olha
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Modern companies and enterprises, regardless of the field of activity, try to establish and organize lasting relationships with consumers, partners, suppliers, etc.
One of the means of solving this issue is the introduction of effective communication activities in enterprises, which is able to ensure their prosperity and effective functioning in the new business environment.
Companies need to implement the principles of customer-centric marketing: to create products and services based on the needs and values of the customer, the study of customer experience, to use the knowledge of emotional intelligence. With the help of the latest marketing communication technologies, namely: to be in the right state using the knowledge of emotional intelligence and customer orientation, you can very effectively and reasonably convince your current and future consumers to act in the desired way: share company values, be a brand ambassador and be a regular customer.
Keywords: marketing communication technologies, emotional intelligence, resource state, customer orientation, consumer loyalty, contact points, customer- centric marketing.
Язык и идентичность: антропологическое исследование ситуации в России
Authors:   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAS, Мартынова М.Ю.
Published: October 2021

В коллективной монографии публикуются результаты исследований, посвященных взаимосвязи идентичностей и языков как ценностей российского общества и его символических маркеров. Мониторинг языковой ситуации, этнического и иного культурного многообразия России выполнен сотрудниками Института этнологии и антропологии Российской академии наук и экспертами Сети этнологического мониторинга и раннего предупреждения конфликтов (EAWARN). Исследователи не ставили перед собой задачу изучения языковедческих сюжетов, а предприняли попытку анализа социальных аспектов функционирования языков. Помимо научной задачи проект имел практикоориентированную цель разработки предложений по совершенствованию государственной национальной политики в регионах Российской Федерации. Для специалистов в области межнациональных отношений, языковой, образовательной и миграционной политики, ученых гуманитарной сферы и представителей общественных организаций этнокультурной направленности.
In-Home Mobility Frequency and Stability in Older Adults Living Alone With or Without MCI: Introduction of New Metrics
Authors: Wu Chao-Yi , Dodge Hiroko H. , Reynolds Christina , Barnes Lisa L. , Silbert Lisa C. , Lim Miranda M. , Mattek Nora , Gothard Sarah , Kaye Jeffrey A. , Beattie Zachary
Published: October 2021

Background: Older adults spend a considerable amount of time inside their residences; however, most research investigates out-of-home mobility and its health correlates. We measured indoor mobility using room-to-room transitions, tested their psychometric properties, and correlated indoor mobility with cognitive and functional status.

Materials and Methods: Community-dwelling older adults living alone (n = 139; age = 78.1 ± 8.6 years) from the Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH) and Minority Aging Research Study (MARS) were included in the study. Two indoor mobility features were developed using non-parametric parameters (frequency; stability): Indoor mobility frequency (room-to-room transitions/day) was detected using passive infrared (PIR) motion sensors fixed on the walls in four geographic locations (bathroom; bedroom; kitchen; living room) and using door contact sensors attached to the egress door in the entrance. Indoor mobility stability was estimated by variances of number of room-to-room transitions over a week. Test-retest reliability (Intra-class coefficient, ICC) and the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) defined as the standard error of measurement (SEM) were generated. Generalized estimating equations models related mobility features with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and functional status (gait speed).

Results: An average of 206 days (±127) of sensor data were analyzed per individual. Indoor mobility frequency and stability showed good to excellent test-retest reliability (ICCs = 0.91[0.88–0.94]; 0.59[0.48–0.70]). The MCIDs of mobility frequency and mobility stability were 18 and 0.09, respectively. On average, a higher indoor mobility frequency was associated with faster gait speed (β = 0.53, p = 0.04), suggesting an increase of 5.3 room-to-room transitions per day was associated with an increase of 10 cm/s gait speed. A decrease in mobility stability was associated with MCI (β = −0.04, p = 0.03).

Discussion: Mobility frequency and stability in the home are clinically meaningful and reliable features. Pervasive-sensing systems deployed in homes can objectively reveal cognitive and functional status in older adults who live alone.
Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Ischemic Stroke and Myocardial Infarction: Similarities and Differences
Authors: Saccaro Luigi F. , Aimo Alberto , Emdin Michele , Pico Fernando
Published: October 2021

Acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although reperfusion therapies have greatly improved the outcomes of patients with these conditions, many patients die or are severely disabled despite complete reperfusion. It is therefore important to identify interventions that can prevent progression to ischemic necrosis and limit ischemia-reperfusion injury. A possible strategy is ischemic conditioning, which consists of inducing ischemia – either in the ischemic organ or in another body site [i.e., remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), e.g., by inflating a cuff around the patient's arm or leg]. The effects of ischemic conditioning have been studied, alone or in combination with revascularization techniques. Based on the timing (before, during, or after ischemia), RIC is classified as pre-, per-/peri-, or post-conditioning, respectively. In this review, we first highlight some pathophysiological and clinical similarities and differences between cardiac and cerebral ischemia. We report evidence that RIC reduces circulating biomarkers of myocardial necrosis, infarct size, and edema, although this effect appears not to translate into a better prognosis. We then review cutting-edge applications of RIC for the treatment of ischemic stroke. We also highlight that, although RIC is a safe procedure that can easily be implemented in hospital and pre-hospital settings, its efficacy in patients with ischemic stroke remains to be proven. We then discuss possible methodological issues of previous studies. We finish by highlighting some perspectives for future research, aimed at increasing the efficacy of ischemic conditioning for improving tissue protection and clinical outcomes, and stratifying myocardial infarction and brain ischemia patients to enhance treatment feasibility.
Employing CRISPR/Cas Technology for the Improvement of Potato and Other Tuber Crops
Authors: Tussipkan Dilnur , Manabayeva Shuga A.
Published: October 2021

New breeding technologies have not only revolutionized biological science, but have also been employed to generate transgene-free products. Genome editing is a powerful technology that has been used to modify genomes of several important crops. This review describes the basic mechanisms, advantages and disadvantages of genome editing systems, such as ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas. Secondly, we summarize in detail all studies of the CRISPR/Cas system applied to potato and other tuber crops, such as sweet potato, cassava, yam, and carrot. Genes associated with self-incompatibility, abiotic-biotic resistance, nutrient–antinutrient content, and post-harvest factors targeted utilizing the CRISPR/Cas system are analyzed in this review. We hope that this review provides fundamental information that will be useful for future breeding of tuber crops to develop novel cultivars.
L-Cysteine Increases the Transformation Efficiency of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis)
Authors: Sivanandhan Ganeshan , Moon Jiae , Sung Chaemin , Bae Solhee , Yang Zhi Hong , Jeong So Young , Choi Su Ryun , Kim Sang-Gyu , Lim Yong Pyo
Published: October 2021

SuccessfulAgrobacterium-mediated transformations of Chinese cabbage have been limited owing to the plant’s recalcitrant nature, genomic background and explant necrosis upon infection, which hinders the transfer of T-DNA region into the Chinese cabbage. Consequently, in the current experiment, a stableAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method for Chinese cabbage cv. Kenshin established by employing important anti-oxidants in the co-cultivation and subsequent regeneration media. Four-day-oldin vitroderived cotyledon explants were infected withA. tumefaciensstrain GV3101 harboring the vector pCAMIBA1303. Cotyledon explants exposed to anAgrobacteriumsuspension (OD600of approximately 0.6) for 10 min and then incubated for 3 days co-cultivation in Murashige and Skoog medium containing an L-cysteine + AgNO3combination exhibited the highest β-glucuronidase (GUS) expression (94%) and explant regeneration efficiency (76%). After 3 days, the cotyledon explants were subjected to three selection cycles with gradually increasing hygromycin B concentrations (10 to 12 mg/L). The incorporation and expression ofhptIIin T0transformed plants were verified by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analyses. These transgenic plants (T0) were fertile and morphologically normal. Using the present protocol, a successful transformation efficiency of 14% was achieved, and this protocol can be applied for genome editing and functional studies to improve Chinese cabbage traits.
The Potential Impact of Childhood Traumatic Experiences on Coping Styles and Emotion Regulation of Nurse Practitioners During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Wang Liyuanke , Zhang Yan , Zhang Xiaoli , Fan Xiwang , Qiong Luo , Hu Chengping
Published: October 2021

Background: During an epidemic of a novel infectious disease, frontline medical staff suffer from high psychological stress. Previous studies have found that traumatic childhood experiences are associated with mental and physical health in adulthood. Anxiety and depression were measured and analyzed in relation to childhood trauma and coping styles. This study aims to explore the correlational study between traumatic childhood experiences and coping styles among nurse practitioners.

Method: This study sampled 278 nurse practitioners from hospitals designated for the treatment of the novel coronavirus in Sichuan Province. The study measures included the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form. This research intends to use correlational study methods to explore the relationship between the two factors.

Results: Statistical analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the general demographic data between the two groups.

Conclusion: Childhood traumatic experiences have a significant impact on the active coping of nurse practitioners, and active coping may be emotionally protective for nurse practitioners.
The Impact of Sub-maximal Exercise on Neuropathic Pain, Inflammation, and Affect Among Adults With Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study
Authors: Todd Kendra R. , Van Der Scheer Jan W. , Walsh Jeremy J. , Jackson Garett S. , Dix Gabriel U. , Little Jonathan Peter , Kramer John L. K. , Martin Ginis Kathleen A.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) often report high levels of neuropathic pain (NP) and poor well-being, which may result from increased inflammation. This study examined the impact of sub-maximal aerobic exercise on NP, inflammation and psychological affect among adults with SCI.

Methods: Eight active adults with tetraplegia (n-4, AIS A-C) and paraplegia (n = 4, AIS A-C) performed 30-min of arm-crank aerobic exercise and reported their ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) each minute. Measures of NP, affect, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ra, TNF-α) were taken pre-(T0), immediately post-(T1), and 90-min post-exercise (T2).

Results: NP decreased between T0 and T1 for tetraplegics (−60%, d = 0.47; CI = −0.32, 2.02) and paraplegics (−16%, d = 0.15; CI = −0.30, 0.90). Correlations between change in cytokines and change in NP were medium-to large for tetraplegics (rs ranged from −0.820 to 0.965) and paraplegics (rs ranged from −0.598 to 0.833). However, the pattern of correlations between change in cytokines and affect was inconsistent between groups. Lower baseline levels of IL-1ra predicted greater decreases in NP immediately post-exercise (r = 0.83, p = 0.01).

Conclusion: Sub-maximal exercise can positively impact NP for some persons with SCI. Further experimental research should identify the optimal exercise intensity to reduce NP for persons with SCI, in addition to understanding biomarkers which may predict changes in NP.

Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03955523.
Expression of DNMTs and H3K9ac in Ameloblastoma and Ameloblastic Carcinoma
Authors: Amaral-Silva Gleyson Kleber do , Morais Thayná Melo de Lima , Wagner Vivian Petersen , Martins Manoela Domingues , Fregnani Eduardo Rodrigues , Soares Fernando Augusto , Rocha André Caroli , Pontes Helder Rabelo , Santos-Silva Alan Roger , Vargas Pablo Agustin
Published: October 2021

Objectives: DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and the histone modification H3K9ac are epigenetic markers. This study aimed to describe the immunohistochemical expression of DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, and H3K9ac in the dental follicle (DF), ameloblastoma (AME), and ameloblastic carcinoma (AC), correlating these expressions with the recurrence and aggressive behavior in ameloblastoma.

Study Design: Immunohistochemical reactions were performed in 10 human DFs, 38 ameloblastomas, and 6 AC samples. Another 59 ameloblastomas assembled in a tissue microarray were used to compare the immunoexpression with the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological characteristics and the presence of BRAFv600e mutation. Each slide was digitized as a high-resolution image and quantified by Aperio ScanScope Nuclear V9 software. All statistical analyzes were performed using GraphPad Prism statistical software.

Results: DNMT3B expression was higher in ameloblastomas than in the DFs, while the AC overexpressed all proteins. The ameloblastomas with BRAFv600e mutation, vestibular/lingual, or vestibular/palatine bone cortical disruption and maxilla involvement showed DNMT1 overexpression, while recurrent cases had high DNMT3B levels.

Conclusions: DNA methylation and histone modification might play a role in the development, clinical aggressiveness, and recurrence rates of ameloblastoma, such as the progression to AC. Further investigation about gene methylations in ameloblastomas is needed to better understand its relationship with aggressiveness and recurrence.
Fatty Acid Profiles of Selected Microalgae Used as Live Feeds for Shrimp Postlarvae in Vietnam
Authors: Mai Thao Duc , Lee-Chang Kim Jye , Jameson Ian D. , Hoang Tung , Cai Ngoc Bao Anh , Pham Hung Quoc
Published: October 2021

The importance of microalgal lipids for the survival and growth of shrimp postlarvae has been recognized in a range of studies. Microalgae with fast growth rates and high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are considered vital to maximise production and minimise cost in shrimp larviculture. The lipid content and fatty acid composition of microalgae used in shrimp production varies substantially between the algal classes and species being used in Vietnam. This study aims to characterise microalgal lipid and fatty acid (FA) profiles and evaluate the most promising species under growth conditions that are most suitable for shrimp aquaculture. Here, we report that the highest lipid contents were obtained in the Haptophyta microalgae, Tisochrysis lutea and Isochrysis galbana, at 90.3 and 61.1 mg/g, respectively. In contrast, two of the most popular diatom species being used for shrimp larval cultivation in Vietnam, Thalassiosira pseudonana and T. weissflogii, displayed the lowest lipid contents at 16.1 mg/g. Other microalgal species examined showed lipid contents ranging from 28.6 to 55 mg/g. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5ω3) ranged from 0.6 to 29.9% across the species, with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6ω3) present at 0.01 to 11.1%; the two omega (ω)–3 long-chain (LC, ≥C20) LC-PUFA varied between the microalgae groups. Polar lipids were the main lipid class, ranging from 87.2 to 97.3% of total lipids, and triacylglycerol was detected in the range of 0.01 to 2.5%. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) increased and PUFA decreased with increasing growth temperatures. This study demonstrated the differences in the lipid contents and FA profiles across 10 microalgal species and the effect of the higher temperature growing conditions encountered in Vietnam.
A Comprehensive Overview of the Newly Emerged COVID-19 Pandemic: Features, Origin, Genomics, Epidemiology, Treatment, and Prevention
Authors: Sarker Md. , Hasan A. , Rafi Md. , Hossain Md. , El-Mageed H. , Elsapagh Reem , Capasso Raffaele , Emran Talha
Published: October 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a life-threatening pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in massive destruction and is still continuously adding to its death toll. The advent of this global outbreak has not yet been confirmed; however, investigation for suitable prophylaxis against this lethal virus is being carried out by experts all around the globe. The SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Coronaviridae superfamily, like the other previously occurring human coronavirus variants. To better understand a new virus variant, such as the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant, it is vital to investigate previous virus strains, including their genomic composition and functionality. Our study aimed at addressing the basic overview of the virus’ profile that may provide the scientific community with evidence-based insights into COVID-19. Therefore, this study accomplished a comprehensive literature review that includes the virus’ origin, classification, structure, life cycle, genome, mutation, epidemiology, and subsequent essential factors associated with host–virus interaction. Moreover, we summarized the considerable diagnostic measures, treatment options, including multiple therapeutic approaches, and prevention, as well as future directions that may reduce the impact and misery caused by this devastating pandemic. The observations and data provided here have been screened and accumulated through extensive literature study, hence this study will help the scientific community properly understand this new virus and provide further leads for therapeutic interventions.
The Oxidation of Copper in Air at Temperatures up to 100 °C
Authors: Aromaa Jari , Kekkonen Marko , Mousapour Mehrdad , Jokilaakso Ari , Lundström Mari
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the oxidation kinetics of copper at low temperatures (60 °C to 100 °C) in air by isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The weight change in thermogravimetric tests showed periodic weight increase and decrease. In thermogravimetric tests the mass of the copper sample increased until the oxidation gradually slowed down and finally started to decrease due to cracking and spalling of the oxide formed on the surface. In QCM tests using electrodeposited copper film, the weight change was rapid at the beginning but slowed to a linear relationship after few minutes. Temperature and exposure time appeared to have a large effect on oxide film thickness and composition. With QCM, oxidation at 60–80 °C produced less than 40 nm films in 10 days. Oxidation at 90–100 °C produced 40 nm thick films in a day and over 100 nm films in a week. Although SEM-EDS analyses in TGA tests indicated that oxygen was adsorbed on the copper surface, neither XRD patterns nor Raman spectroscopy measurements showed any trace of Cu2O or CuO formation on the copper surface. Electrochemical reduction analysis of oxidized massive copper samples indicated that the oxide film is mostly Cu2O, and CuO develops only after several days at 90–100 °C.
The Digital Gender Gap in Teacher Education: The TPACK Framework for the 21st Century
Authors: Gómez-Trigueros Isabel , Yáñez de Aldecoa Cristina
Published: October 2021

The main goal of this research is to explore whether there are any differences by gender regarding the Digital Competence of Teachers (DCT), both in-training and in-service. Simultaneously, the specific goals of the research are to analyse which are the methodologies, including technological, that are being implemented in university classrooms and to evaluate possible new interventions to reduce the digital gender gap. This study is exploratory and descriptive. It relies upon three instruments that have been validated by experts: a questionnaire to collect teachers’ in-training perception, a second questionnaire to show in-service teachers’ perception regarding their knowledge of technologies, and a rubric to analyse in-service teachers’ self-perception regarding methodologies that employ technology. Over three academic years, data were collected from a sample of 914 trainee teachers and 194 professors from several Spanish universities. The results show that, concerning the teaching task, compared to men, the female participants have a very poor self-perception in terms of their Digital Teaching Competence, as well as a lower predisposition towards technologies. We conclude by emphasising the need to transform teaching methodologies in initial teacher education by means of the correct inclusion of ICT tools.
Analytical Study of Two Nonlinear Coupled Hybrid Systems Involving Generalized Hilfer Fractional Operators
Authors: Almalahi Mohammed A. , Bazighifan Omar , Panchal Satish K. , Askar S. S. , Oros Georgia Irina
Published: October 2021

In this research paper, we dedicate our interest to an investigation of the sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions of two new types of a coupled systems of hybrid fractional differential equations involving ϕ-Hilfer fractional derivatives. The existence results are established in the weighted space of functions using Dhage’s hybrid fixed point theorem for three operators in a Banach algebra and Dhage’s helpful generalization of Krasnoselskii fixed- point theorem. Finally, simulated examples are provided to demonstrate the obtained results.