bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What does it mean to be engaged? The engagement of student engineers with sustainability: a literature review
Authors: Guerra Aida , Jiang Dan , Du Xiangyun
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Student engagement has become increasingly significant in sustainability education for engineers because it enables future engineers to develop competencies, knowledge and values relevant to acting for sustainability. Therefore, this paper aims to examine characteristics of student engineer engagement with sustainability and to discuss the meanings of this concept.

Design/methodology/approach

To build a more holistic picture of student engineer engagement with sustainability, this study followed a literature review approach to search, screen and appraise relevant journal articles on this topic. As a result of this research, 30 articles were identified as eligible.

Findings

Based on the theoretical framework for student engagement with sustainability, newly synthesized here, and the content analysis of the 30 papers included in this study, four patterns of engagement were identified: intrapersonal engagement, inter-relational engagement, engagement as connection and disconnection and situated engagement.

Practical implications

This review provides practical recommendations about how to support the engagement of student engineers with sustainability at the levels of the individual, staff, educational programmes and associated curricula. Future research directions are also discussed.

Originality/value

This study contributes a theoretical framework synthesizing student engagement theory with sustainability education. It also describes current characteristics of student engineers’ engagement with sustainability.
Visual servoing method of high voltage capacitor tower maintenance robot in bolt tightening
Authors: Wu Yuze , Liao Jianbin , Liu Liangyu , Yan Yu , Ai Yunfei , Li Yunxiang , Wei Wang
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to address the challenges of the capacitor tower maintenance robot during bolt tightening in high-voltage substations, including difficulties in bolt positioning due to tilted angles and anti-bird cover occlusion and issues with fast and accurate docking of bolts while the base is moving.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper proposes a visual servoing method for the capacitor tower maintenance robot, including bolt pose estimation and visual servoing control. Bolt pose estimation includes four components: constructing a keypoint detection network to identify the approximate position, precise positioning, rapid prediction and calculation of bolt pose. In visual servoing, an improved position-based visual servoing (PBVS) is proposed, which eliminate steady-state error and enhance response speed during dynamic tracking by incorporating integral and differential components.

Findings

The bolt detection method exhibits high robustness against varying lighting conditions, partial occlusions, shooting distances and angles. The maximum positioning error at a distance of 250 mm is 2.8 mm. The convergence speed of the improved PBVS is 10% higher than that of the traditional PBVS when the base and target remain relatively stationary. When the base moves at a constant speed, the improved method eliminates steady-state error in dynamic tracking. When the base moves rapidly and intermittently, the maximum error of the improved method in the tracking process is 30% smaller than that of traditional PBVS.

Originality/value

This method enables real-time detection and positioning of bolts in an unstructured environment with tilt angles, variable lighting conditions and occlusion by anti-bird covers. An improved PBVS is proposed to enhance its capability in tracking dynamic targets.
Post-fire shear strengths of drilling screws and post-fire transitions of failure modes for screwed connections
Authors: Liu Ying , Ozaki Fuminobu
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study was aimed at clarifying the post-fire shear strength of self-drilling screws and the load-bearing capacity of single overlapped screwed connections using steel sheets and self-drilling screws. The self-drilling screws for shear tests were made of high-strength, martensitic-stainless and austenitic stainless-steel bars.

Design/methodology/approach

Shear loading tests were conducted on self-drilling screws to obtain basic information on post-fire shear strength. Tensile tests were conducted on the screwed connections to examine the transition of failure modes depending on the test temperature after experiencing the heating and cooling procedures.

Findings

The post-fire shear strengths and reduction factors of self-drilling screws of each steel grade were quantified. Furthermore, heated temperature-dependent sheet bearing failure, net sheet failure and screw shear failure modes were observed for the screwed connections.

Originality/value

The transition of the failure modes of the screwed connection could be explained using the equations of the post-fire shear strength proposed in this study. The basic experimental data required to evaluate the post-fire shear strength of screws were obtained.
ARIMA-SVR-based risk aggregation modeling in the financial behavior
Authors: Huang Zhangong , Li Huwei
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Once regional financial risks erupt, they not only affect the stability and security of the financial system in the region, but also trigger a comprehensive financial crisis, damage the national economy, and affect social stability. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate regional financial risks through artificial intelligence methods.

Design/methodology/approach

In this manuscript, we scrutinize the loan data pertaining to aggregated regional financial risks and proffer an ARIMA-SVR loan data regression model, amalgamating traditional statistical regression methods with a machine learning framework. This model initially employs the ARIMA model to accomplish historical data fitting and subsequently utilizes the resultant error as input for SVR to refine the non-linear error. Building upon this, it integrates with the original data to derive optimized prediction results.

Findings

The experimental findings reveal that the ARIMA-SVR (Autoregress Integrated Moving Average Model-Support Vector Regression) method advanced in this discourse surpasses individual methods in terms of RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) and MAE (Mean Absolute Error) indices, exhibiting superiority to the deep learning LSTM method.

Originality/value

An ARIMA-SVR framework for the financial risk recognition is proposed. This presentation furnishes a benchmark for future financial risk prediction and the forecasting of associated time series data.
Examining trade flow dynamics in the face of deglobalization and decoupling: a comparative analysis of developing and developed nations
Authors: Imran-ur-Rahman Imran-ur-Rahman , Shafi Mohsin , Fauzi Muhammad Ashraf , Fetuu Enitilina
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This article examines the concepts of “deglobalization” and “decoupling” from the perspectives of developing and developed nations. It also assesses the short-term impacts of globalization, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and predicts the long-term effects on global trade and cooperation between nations.

Design/methodology/approach

Panel data from 85 countries (2000–2022) were utilized. Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML) regression analysis was conducted to analyze pre- and post-COVID-19 globalization levels. The analysis focuses on trade patterns and trends, specifically comparing the effects on developing and developed nations.

Findings

First, there was a slight decline in global trade in 2020 due to COVID-19, followed by recovery in 2021–2022. Second, developing nations experienced more significant trade declines than did developed nations. Third, while US? China trade decreased slightly, China-India and US-India trade increased during the pandemic. These findings suggest that while there may be short-term disruptions, long-term trends indicate resilience in global trade patterns, with shifts in output and new partnerships emerging.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the understanding of deglobalization and decoupling by providing empirical evidence on pre- and post-COVID-19 trade patterns. The findings suggest that while globalization may have short-term effects, it is likely to lead to post-pandemic recovery and strengthened cooperation between developing and developed nations. This research also highlights the importance of developing strategies to manage uncertainty and external shocks in global trade, emphasizing the role of lockdown measures, national security considerations, and trade policies in shaping the future of globalization and decoupling.
Authenticity matters: a nonmarket perspective on the competitive strategy-firm performance nexus
Authors: Parnell John A.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Scholars have underscored the importance of organizational authenticity, but it is unclear how it influences the links among market strategy, and nonmarket strategy (NMS) and firm performance. This study addresses this gap in the literature.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey of 294 managers in firms based in the United States investigates configurations among competitive strategy (e.g. cost leadership or differentiation), political and social nonmarket strategy (NMS), authenticity, and firm performance.

Findings

Cost leaders tend to engage in political nonmarket strategy (PNMS), but the interaction does not necessarily improve firm performance. Differentiators are more likely to pursue social nonmarket strategy (SNMS) and perform better, but neither market-nonmarket strategy configuration is inherently optimal.

Research limitations/implications

The results support market-nonmarket strategy configurations but do not prescribe optimal combinations. However, the sample is cross-sector and employs self-reports for firm performance.

Practical implications

Political and social authenticity can enhance firm performance, but nonmarket activity can compromise a firm’s ability to be politically and socially authentic. Authenticity can drive performance, but a firm’s nonmarket activity can compromise its ability to be politically and socially authentic. Firms should view a prospective loss in authenticity as a potential cost of nonmarket activity.

Originality/value

This paper investigates how a firm’s emphasis on market (competitive) strategies, political and social nonmarket strategies, and political and social authenticity impact financial and non-financial performance. It also tests the veracity of two market-nonmarket configurations, cost leadership with political NMS and differentiation with social NMS.
Finding “fake” in the news: the relationship between social media use, political knowledge, epistemic political efficacy and fake news literacy
Authors: Zhang Bingbing , Holton Avery E. , Gil de Zúñiga Homero
Published: July 2024

Purpose

In the past few years, research focusing on misinformation, referred to broadly as fake news, has experienced revived attention. Past studies have focused on explaining the ways in which people correct it online and on social media. However, fewer studies have dealt with the ways in which people are able to identify fake news (i.e. fake news literacy). This study contributes to the latter by theoretically connect people’s general social media use, political knowledge and political epistemic efficacy with individuals’ fake news literacy levels.

Design/methodology/approach

A diverse and representative two-wave panel survey in the United States was conducted (June 2019 for Wave 1, October 2019 for Wave 2). We performed cross-sectional, lagged and autoregressive regression analyses to examined how social media us, people’s political knowledge and political epistemic efficacy are related to their fake news literacy.

Findings

Results suggest that the more people used social media, were politically knowledgeable and considered they were able to find the truth in politics (i.e. epistemic political efficacy), the more likely they were to discern whether the news is fake. Implications of helping media outlets and policy makers be better positioned to provide the public with corrective action mechanisms in the struggle against fake news are discussed.

Research limitations/implications

The measurement instrument employed in the study relies on subjects’ self-assessment, as opposed to unobtrusive trace (big) digital data, which may not completely capture the nuances of people’s social media news behaviors.

Practical implications

This study sheds light on how the way people understand politics and gain confidence in finding political truth may be key elements when confronting and discerning fake news. With the help of these results, journalists, media outlets and policymakers may be better positioned to provide citizens with efficient, preemptive and corrective action mechanisms in the struggle against misinformation.

Originality/value

Recent literature highlights the importance of literacy education to contest fake news, but little is known about what specific mechanisms would contribute to foster and reinvigorate people’s fake news literacy. This study helps address this gap.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-03-2024-0140
E-government in Asian countries: a conceptual framework for sustainable development
Authors: Kibria Md. Golam , Hong Paul
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the factors contributing to e-government development as a means to foster sustainable development, highlighting the need for robust e-government frameworks to navigate economic, social and environmental challenges.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature-based conceptual framework is presented, grounded in the comparative analysis of e-government in five diverse Asian countries. The paper introduces a research model with testable propositions and synthesizes lessons for future research, emphasizing the integration of e-government with sustainable development goals.

Findings

The key findings identify three critical factors for e-government development: policy priorities and strategic initiatives, ICT infrastructure and public–private partnerships investment. The research underscores e-government’s role in providing electronic services that support transparency and democracy, which are essential for sustainable development.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations arise from focusing on select Asian countries, potentially affecting the generalizability of results, as well as the dynamic nature of technology and policy landscapes.

Practical implications

This paper underscores the essential role of governmental action in advancing sustainable development via e-government strategies, providing a framework for success in both developing and developed contexts. It demonstrates how e-government can drive sustainability by comparing the progress of five Asian countries to highlight best practices and challenges in implementing such systems effectively.

Originality/value

The paper uniquely bridges e-government and sustainable development research, showing e-government’s role as a sustainable development instrument. This novel integration is supported by extensive literature and a strategic selection of countries representing varying stages of e-government maturity, providing a well-rounded view of e-government’s impact on sustainable outcomes.
Joint replacement and peroneal nerve flap transfer repair surgery for deficiency in the fifth metatarsal bone of the right foot
Authors: Wang Dawei , Xie Chen , Cheng Baoguo , Men Hongyue , Zheng Nanfei , Li Zongyu
Published: July 2024

The use of 3D printing technology for prosthetic treatment of forefoot bone defects is relatively uncommon. In December 2021, our research team successfully treated a patient presenting with a bone defect in the fifth metatarsal of the right foot, along with accompanying soft tissue and tendon defects. Following an initial debridement treatment, in April 2022, the patient underwent a right foot flap transfer repair. This procedure, performed under general anaesthesia, also included the implantation of a 3D‐printed titanium metatarsophalangeal joint replacement for the fifth toe. After a 12‐month post‐operative assessment, the donor site displayed normal characteristics and the affected foot exhibited a complete and intact appearance. The patient reported no pain or discomfort during weight‐bearing activities and exhibited a normal gait pattern without signs of limping. Both aesthetic and functional recovery outcomes were deemed satisfactory.
Unfolding BP's reframe through reform strategies for politically connected governance practice and geopolitical disruptions
Authors: Ammar Sameh , Elsayed Nader
Published: July 2024

This study examines British Petroleum's (BP) strategic framing and deployment of politically connected governance (PCG) practices amidst geopolitical disruptions from 2010 to 2017. Through thematic analysis, the study identifies three PCG practices developed by BP during reputational disruption, regulatory challenges and political upheavals. Each practice, supported by clusters of political and (non‐)executive actors, shares joint expertise and is deployed defensively or proactively amidst geopolitical disruptions. BP's framing strategies, which include responsiveness, compliance and collaboration, aim to alter stakeholders' perceptions. These understandings affect governance code setters, policymakers and related academic literature.
Tax authority governance and corporate internal control quality
Authors: Tang Xiaojian , Du Dongying , Chen Ying , Tsui Stephanie
Published: July 2024

Prior studies of tax enforcement neglect the effect of tax enforcement officers' discretion on corporate internal control quality. This study exploits a unique quasi‐natural experimental setting of the reform of Chinese province‐level tax administrative penalty discretion standards since 2016 to examine the effect of tax authority governance on corporate internal control quality. We show that tax authority governance can improve corporate internal control quality. And this positive effect is more pronounced in firms with more tax avoidance and more collusion with tax supervisors. Furthermore, further analysis shows that legal enforcement and financial reporting environment can strengthen the positive relationship between tax authority governance and corporate internal control quality. Therefore, the above results show that tax authority governance not only increases the predictability of tax violation and its consequential penalties, but also restricts tax enforcement personnel's discretionary power, thereby reducing opportunities for tax avoidance and rent‐seeking behaviour.
Diagnostic accuracy of OCT angiography for macular neovascularization in central serous chorioretinopathy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kiilgaard Hans Christian , Nissen Anne Helene Køllund , Balaratnasingam Chandrakumar , Borrelli Enrico , Breazzano Mark P. , van Dijk Elon H. C. , Sevik Mehmet Orkun , Grauslund Jakob , Subhi Yousif
Published: July 2024

Identifying macular neovascularization (MNV) in eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) has important implications for its management. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is increasingly used for this purpose. Here, we systematically reviewed the literature and conducted meta‐analysis to determine the diagnostic accuracy of OCTA for detecting MNV in eyes with CSC. We systematically searched the literature in 12 databases for relevant studies from database inception until 18 November 2023. Eligible studies had eyes with CSC with MNV and CSC without MNV. Index test was OCTA. Reference test was retinal dye angiography. Study selection and data extraction were performed in duplicate, and study was evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2. Our main outcome of interest was the sensitivity and specificity of OCTA for detecting MNV in CSC. Pooled diagnostic test accuracy estimates were computed using MetaDTA. Of 177 records screened, seven fulfilled the eligibility criteria for our study. These studies summarized data from a total of 1061 eyes. Summary estimate sensitivity and specificity to diagnose MNV in eyes with CSC using OCTA was 92.9% (95% CI: 81.7%–97.5%) and 99.4% (95% CI: 84.1%–100.0%), respectively. The main source of bias across studies was the reference standard, as four studies used multimodal imaging including OCTA for the reference standard. OCTA alone is excellent for detecting MNV in CSC compared to retinal dye angiography or multimodal imaging. Using OCTA first before considering retinal dye angiography could potentially save an important number of retinal dye angiographies.
Complications of vasectomy: results from a prospective audit of 105 393 procedures
Authors: Peacock Julian , James Gareth , Atkinson Melanie , Henderson John
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To provide up‐to‐date complication rates for vasectomy in the UK using 15 years of data collected by the Association of Surgeons in Primary Care (ASPC).

Patients and Methods

Data were collected between 2007 and March 2022. A patient questionnaire was completed on the day of surgery and at 4 months postoperatively. Rates of early and late failure, infection, hospital admission or re‐admission, haematoma and post‐vasectomy pain syndrome (PVPS) were recorded. There were no specific exclusion criteria. Complication rates were compared to those published by major urological organisations. Descriptive statistics were utilised, without formal statistical analysis.

Results

Over the 15‐year study period, data from 105 393 vasectomies were collected, performed by >150 surgeons. In 2022, 94.4% of surgeons used one test to prove sterility. In all, 65% of patients used a postal sperm test after vasectomy to confirm sterility. Early failure rates were available for 69 500 patients. Early failure occurred in 648 patients (0.93%). Of 99 124 patients, late failure occurred in 41 (0.04%). Of 102 549 vasectomies, postoperative infection was reported in 1250 patients (1.22%), haematoma in 1599 patients (1.56%), and PVPS was reported in 139 patients (0.14%).

Conclusions

Vasectomy remains a safe and reliable contraceptive method. The rates of complication were generally lower than those published by major urological organisations. This large, prospective audit provides accurate, contemporaneous complication rates that can form the basis for pre‐vasectomy counselling.
Temperature and palaeolake evolution during a Middle Pleistocene interglacial–glacial transition at the Palaeolithic locality of Schöningen, Germany
Authors: Krahn Kim J. , Urban Brigitte , Pinkerneil Sylvia , Horne David J. , Tucci Mario , Koutsodendris Andreas , Schwalb Antje
Published: July 2024

The Middle Pleistocene Reinsdorf sequence at the Lower Palaeolithic sites of Schöningen offers the opportunity to reconstruct a rarely well‐preserved post‐Holsteinian environmental transition from an interglacial into a glacial phase along with its highly dynamic interjacent climatic oscillations. Combining biological proxies, element composition and stable isotope ratios of two lakeshore sequences at excavation site 13 II, we demonstrate repeated variations in climate, hydrology and catchment vegetation cover. New ostracod‐based quantitative mean summer and winter air temperature reconstructions with the Mutual Ostracod Temperature Range (MOTR) method provide the first detailed information about the temperature evolution. The interglacial temperature maximum, probably corresponding to Marine Isotope Stage 9e, is followed by a first dry phase and, during the younger part of the Reinsdorf sequence, by a second dry period. Both were marked by lower precipitation/evaporation ratios, reduced vegetation cover in the catchment and increased surface inflows from springs. Temperature reconstructions of these two steppe (open woodland) phases yield very narrow ranges for mean January (−4–0 °C) and July (+17–19 or +17–21 °C) air temperatures, demonstrating that, while summers were similar to those of today, winters were at least 1 °C colder, hinting at a more pronounced continental climate. Precise temperature estimates for the interjacent woodland and steppe (woodland) phase are hindered by generally wider ranges produced by the MOTR method (January mean −4–3 °C, July mean +15–21 °C). The development of a more extensive vegetation cover, reducing surface runoff and erosion in favour of increased river and groundwater discharge, as indicated by a shift in microfossil and stable isotope records, suggests generally more humid climates with higher precipitation/evaporation ratios as well as reduced seasonal temperature variations.
ACSL4 upregulates IFI44 and IFI44L expression and promotes the proliferation and invasiveness of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Rupa Darius , Chuang Hao‐Wen , Hu Chung‐En , Su Wen‐Min , Wu Shiou‐Rong , Lee Herng‐Sheng , Yuan Ta‐Chun
Published: July 2024

Reprogramming of cellular energy metabolism, including deregulated lipid metabolism, is a hallmark of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Long‐chain acyl‐CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), which catalyzes fatty acids to form fatty acyl‐CoAs, is critical for synthesizing phospholipids or triglycerides. Despite the differing roles of ACSL4 in cancers, our data showed that ACSL4 was highly expressed in HNSCC tissues, positively correlating with poor survival rates in patients. Knockdown of ACSL4 in HNSCC cells led to reduced cell proliferation and invasiveness. RNA sequencing analyses identified interferon‐induced protein 44 (IFI44) and interferon‐induced protein 44‐like (IFI44L), encoded by two interferon‐stimulated genes, as potential effectors of ACSL4. Silencing IFI44 or IFI44L expression in HNSCC cells decreased cell proliferation and invasiveness. Manipulating ACSL4 expression or activity modulated the expression levels of JAK1, tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), interferon α (IFNα), IFNβ, and interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), which regulate IFI44 and IFI44L expression. Knockdown of IRF1 reduced the expression of JAK1, TYK2, IFNα, IFNβ, IFI44, or IFI44L and diminished cell proliferation and invasiveness. Our results suggest that ACSL4 upregulates interferon signaling, enhancing IFI44 and IFI44L expression and promoting HNSCC cell proliferation and invasiveness. Thus, ACSL4 could serve as a novel therapeutic target for HNSCC.
Optimizing metformin therapy in practice: Tailoring therapy in specific patient groups to improve tolerability, efficacy and outcomes
Authors: Silverii Giovanni Antonio
Published: July 2024

Metformin is the first‐line medication for type 2 diabetes. It is effective and safe, provided some caution is taken in specific populations. In patients with chronic kidney disease, metformin may provide long‐term benefits, and it is a first‐line therapy for diabetes, but the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) must be assessed regularly, to minimize the risk for metformin accumulation. When eGFR is 30‐60 mL/min/1.73m2, the dose should be reconsidered, and sick‐days education provided. Metformin should be discontinued when eGFR falls below 30 mL/min/1.73m2. Metformin accumulation may increase the risk for lactic acidosis if concomitant risk factors for hyperlactataemia (liver or respiratory insufficiency, sepsis, acute heart failure) are present; in these conditions, metformin is contraindicated, even although the available evidence is reassuring. Patients on metformin often complain of gastrointestinal side effects (mainly diarrhoea and nausea) during therapy initiation, but they may sometimes occur after years of stable therapy. These usually resolve if the dose is carefully titrated, or by switching to the extended‐release formulation. Patients with obesity may benefit from the significant, although modest, metformin‐associated weight loss and appetite reduction. During pregnancy, metformin is associated with a reduction of pregnancy complications, especially in obese women, but some concern remains, because metformin crosses the placenta, and it is associated with a significantly lower mean birth weight than insulin. In the elderly, gastrointestinal tolerability and renal function must be reassessed more often. Vitamin B‐12 should be screened regularly in long‐time metformin users because metformin may induce clinical vitamin B‐12 deficiency.
Hatching asynchrony affects intraspecific competition among larval mosquitoes
Authors: Szasz Melanie , Evans Katherine G. , Juliano Steven A.
Published: July 2024

Aedes eggs may hatch in synchrony, yielding individuals of similar age and size, or asynchrony, yielding individuals of different ages and sizes, depending on rainfall. Multiple freshwater species have similar variation in developmental synchrony of immatures.

We tested alternative hypotheses that asynchronous hatch modifies intraspecific competition among Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) compared with synchronous hatch via: (1) priority effects; or (2) reduced temporal overlap. We placed pairs of newly hatched larvae into water‐filled vials with food at either the same time (synchronous) or 4 days apart (asynchronous) and recorded survival, sex, development time and wing length for the resulting adults.

For second‐eclosing adults, asynchronous hatch yielded larger adult females compared to synchronous hatch, but there were no effects on male sizes, nor on survival or development times. For first‐eclosing adults, asynchronous hatch yielded both larger sizes and shorter development times for both sexes compared with synchronous hatch. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that hatch asynchrony reduced the impact of intraspecific competition, possibly by reducing the time that larvae co‐occurred.

We found limited evidence for priority effects, suggesting that the dominant effect of hatch asynchrony of 4 days is reduced intraspecific competition, probably via reduced temporal overlap. These results suggest that priority advantage is only one possible effect of asynchrony and that there may be benefits to developmental asynchrony under certain circumstances. Further experiments with different degrees of asynchrony, at different resource levels, would enhance our understanding of intraspecific competition among larval mosquitoes and likely other freshwater taxa with variable hatch asynchrony.
The influence of complex psychiatric comorbidities on treatment for clinical high‐risk for psychosis: A preliminary study
Authors: Moe Aubrey M. , Cowan Henry R. , Manges Margaret , Wastler Heather M. , Hamilton Sarah , Kilicoglu Melissa , Holmes Anne C. , Breitborde Nicholas J. K.
Published: July 2024

Aim

Despite increasingly refined tools for identifying individuals at clinical high‐risk for psychosis (CHR‐P), less is known about the effectiveness of CHR‐P interventions. The significant clinical heterogeneity among CHR‐P individuals suggests that interventions may need to be personalized during this emerging illness phase. We examined longitudinal trajectories within‐persons during treatment to investigate whether baseline factors predict symptomatic and functional outcomes.

Method

A total of 36 CHR‐P individuals were rated on attenuated positive symptoms and functioning at baseline and each week during CHR‐P step‐based treatment.

Results

Linear mixed‐effects models revealed that attenuated positive symptoms decreased during the study period, while functioning did not significantly change. When examining baseline predictors, a significant group‐by‐time interaction emerged whereby CHR‐P individuals with more psychiatric comorbidities at baseline (indicating greater clinical complexity) improved in functioning during the study period relative to CHR‐P individuals with fewer comorbidities.

Conclusion

Individual differences in clinical complexity may predict functional response during the early phases of CHR‐P treatment.
Characteristics of large granular lymphocyte leukemia associated with variable common immunodeficiency disorders: A study of 12 cases
Authors: Gueuning C. , Lazaro E. , Dupuy H. , Leonard C. , Greib C. , Prot‐Leurent C. , Riviere E. , Viallard J. F.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders (CVID) and Large Granular Lymphocytes leukemia (LGLL) exhibit diverse clinical manifestations including infections, dysimmunity, and lymphoproliferation. Recent decades have seen the discovery of new genes in the lymphopoiesis pathway, such as JAK–STAT. This case series supplemented by a literature review aims to describe clinical and biological characteristics of patients with both CIVD and LGLL.

Methodology

Patients were included through a call for comments to French and Belgian centers and through a literature review via PubMed. Clinical characteristics were compared to two large French cohort involving CVID and LGLL patients.

Results

Twelve patients were included. In all cases, CVID precedes LLGL (median diagnosis delay for LLGL was 7 years). Most cases presented with splenomegaly and autoimmune cytopenia. Ten out of 12 patients underwent splenectomy during follow up.

Conclusions

Patients with LGLL and CVID differ from patients without immune deficiency in term of clinical presentation and prognosis. We suggest CVID may act as a trigger of LGL lymphocytosis, due to endogenous and exogenous antigenic pressure leading to the selection of a dominant LGL clone and stimulation of the JAK–STAT pathway. The role of splenomegaly and splenectomy in LGLL onset warrant further investigation in future studies.
The art of thinking as an intersubjective practice: Eloquence, affect, and association in the Port‐Royal Logic
Authors: Kotevska Laura , Waldow Anik
Published: July 2024

In the Port‐Royal Logic, Arnauld and Nicole argue that eloquence plays a crucial role in the cultivation of the art of thinking. In this essay, we demonstrate that Arnauld and Nicole's reflections on eloquence exemplify the need to reconceive the larger framework in which Cartesian theories of ideas operate. Instead of understanding epistemic agents as solitary thinkers who pursue their intellectual goals without the influence of others, our analysis shows that for Arnauld and Nicole thinking well was an intersubjective discursive activity that unfolds between complexly organized persons. Central to this activity is the ability to gauge the affective and associative tendencies of interlocutors and to communicate accordingly. This ability is required to enable speakers to deal constructively with problems arising from the context sensitivity of language, the influences of the passions, and the audience's capacity to decipher meaning in the communication of ideas that facilitate understanding and knowledge. By drawing attention to communication, affect, and association in the Port‐Royal Logic, we show that there is a significant connection between thinking and expressing oneself well in the early modern period.
Predictors of long‐term memory and network connectivity 10 years after anterior temporal lobe resection
Authors: Fleury Marine N. , Binding Lawrence P. , Taylor Peter , Xiao Fenglai , Giampiccolo Davide , Caciagli Lorenzo , Buck Sarah , Winston Gavin P. , Thompson Pamela J. , Baxendale Sallie , Koepp Matthias J. , Duncan John S. , Sidhu Meneka K.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Anterior temporal lobe resection (ATLR) effectively controls seizures in medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy but risks significant episodic memory decline. Beyond 1 year postoperatively, the influence of preoperative clinical factors on episodic memory and long‐term network plasticity remain underexplored. Ten years post‐ATLR, we aimed to determine biomarkers of successful memory network reorganization and establish presurgical features' lasting impact on memory function.

Methods

Twenty‐five ATLR patients (12 left‐sided) and 10 healthy controls underwent a memory‐encoding functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm alongside neuropsychometry 10 years postsurgery. Generalized psychophysiological interaction analyses modeled network functional connectivity of words/faces remembered, seeding from the medial temporal lobes (MTLs). Differences in successful memory connectivity were assessed between controls and left/right ATLR. Multivariate regressions and mixed‐effect models probed preoperative phenotypes' effects on long‐term memory outcomes.

Results

Ten years post‐ATLR, lower baseline functioning (verbal and performance intelligence quotient) and a focal memory impairment preoperatively predicted worse long‐term memory outcomes. Poorer verbal memory was significantly associated with longer epilepsy duration and earlier onset age. Relative to controls, successful word and face encoding involved increased functional connectivity from both or remnant MTL seeds and contralesional parahippocampus/hippocampus after left/right ATLR. Irrespective of surgical laterality, successful memory encoding correlated with increased MTL‐seeded connectivity to frontal (bilateral insula, right anterior cingulate), right parahippocampal, and bilateral fusiform gyri. Ten years postsurgery, better memory performance was correlated with contralateral frontal plasticity, which was disrupted with longer epilepsy duration.

Significance

Our findings underscore the enduring nature of functional network reorganizations to provide long‐term cognitive support. Ten years post‐ATLR, successful memory formation featured stronger connections near resected areas and contralateral regions. Preoperative network disruption possibly influenced effectiveness of postoperative plasticity. These findings are crucial for enhancing long‐term memory prediction and strategies for lasting memory rehabilitation.
Emerging Ideas. Suicidal ideation among partnered U.S. adults by sexual identity
Authors: VanBergen Alexandra M. , Dush Claire Kamp , Manning Wendy
Published: July 2024

Objective

We estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation among partnered U.S. adults overall and by sexual identity using a population‐representative sample of cohabiting and married adults.

Background

Intimate partner problems and other aspects of intimate relationships are substantial precipitating factors to suicide. Even so, there are currently no family‐based interventions targeting suicide risk among adults; this may be because little is known as to how prevalent suicidal ideation and behaviors are in the context of intimate relationships. Sexually diverse adults show higher proportions of suicidal ideation than heterosexual adults.

Method

Weighted logistic regression was used to analyze data from a subsample of the National Couples' Health and Time Study (n = 3,618), a population‐representative sample of cohabiting and married adults. Unadjusted and model‐adjusted prevalence estimates for suicidal ideation (thoughts and plans) were calculated.

Results

The model adjusted prevalence estimates for suicide thoughts and plans were similar to estimates among general population samples. Bisexual and queer+ respondents had double the odds of reporting suicide thoughts and plans compared with gay, lesbian, and heterosexual respondents.

Conclusions

Cohabiting and married adults showed a similar prevalence of suicidal ideation as the general population. Bisexual and queer+ adults are a growing U.S. population and require unique attention because they confront higher suicide risk compared with not only heterosexual but also gay and lesbian adults.

Implications

Family‐based interventions are needed to target suicidal ideations and behaviors among adults, including those who are married or cohabiting. Sexually diverse adults should not be treated as a monolithic group when tailoring interventions for sexually diverse populations.
Influence of direct foaming methods on the early performance and microstructure of metakaolin‐based foam geopolymers
Authors: Chen Dawei , Zhang Yajun , Wang Wenxin , Shi Yangpiaoxue , Mao Jiaxi , Liu Yi , Yan Dongming , Chen Shikun
Published: July 2024

This study aims to explore the influence of direct foaming methods on the early‐stage performance and microstructure of metakaolin‐based geopolymer foam. Metakaolin is utilized as the primary silica–aluminum raw material, with various foaming methods employed to produce metakaolin‐based foam geopolymers exhibiting different dry apparent density gradients. The investigation encompasses an assessment of hardening time, early‐stage compressive strength development, and water absorption behavior of the foam geopolymers. Employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for microscopic morphology analysis, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and hot disk transient plane source method for chemical structure analysis, the study delves into the underlying mechanisms. Results reveal that the early compressive strength development of metakaolin‐based foam geopolymer is notably rapid, with the hydrogen peroxide foaming method demonstrating the swiftest performance. Among foam geopolymers of equivalent density levels, those produced via physical foaming exhibit the highest compressive strength, while those utilizing silicon carbide foaming display the lowest. Across different foaming methods, the foam geopolymer consistently demonstrates specific trends in pore structure characteristics, with a predominance of macropores in the low‐density range and gel nanopores in the high‐density range.
Linguistic influences on comprehensibility and accentedness in second language Korean speech
Authors: Isbell Daniel R. , Lee Junkyu , Jang Juhyun
Published: July 2024

A considerable body of research has investigated the influence of linguistic variables on comprehensibility and accentedness in L2 speech. However, studies on this topic have overwhelmingly focused on L2 English, with little known about other L2s. This study investigated linguistic influences on accentedness and comprehensibility in L2 Korean. Participants included 198 L2 Korean speakers of varying proficiency levels and L1 and 82 L1 Korean listeners from South Korea. The speakers completed a monologic speaking task and their speech samples were coded for phonological, lexical, grammatical, and fluency variables. Listener ratings indicated speakers were perceived as more comprehensible than they were nativelike, but the correlation between the two was extremely strong (r = 0.90). Regression models using linguistic variables to predict comprehensibility and accentedness yielded R2 values of 0.71 and 0.65, respectively. Most linguistic variables had similar influences on comprehensibility and accentedness, with some notable exceptions: intonational phrasing errors and lexical diversity predicted comprehensibility, but not accentedness.
Skin cancer risk after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mansilla‐Polo Miguel , López‐Davia Javier , De Unamuno‐Bustos Blanca , Martín‐Torregrosa Daniel , Abril‐Pérez Carlos , Ezzatvar Yasmin , Botella‐Estrada Rafael
Published: July 2024

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has improved outcomes for severe hematologic, malignant, and immune disorders, yet poses an increased risk of subsequent malignancies. This study aimed to examine the risk of skin cancer following HSCT and identify potential risk factors. The search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases until December 2023. Cohort studies reporting standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for post‐HSCT skin cancer or investigating risk factors were included. SIRs, or hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI), were calculated using random‐effects inverse‐variance models. Outcome endpoints were SIRs of skin cancer post‐HSCT and risk factors, including gender, chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD), voriconazole exposure, and total body irradiation (TBI). Twenty‐six studies involving 164,944 HSCT recipients (allogeneic HSCT, n = 68,637; autologous HSCT, n = 95,435; mean age: 38.5 ± 13.8 years; 71,354 females [43.3%]) were analyzed. Overall, SIR for skin cancer post‐HSCT was 7.21 (95% CI 3.98–13.08), with SIRs of 2.25 (95% CI: 1.37–3.68) for autologous HSCT, and 10.18 (95% CI 5.07–20.43) for allogeneic HSCT. Risk factors for skin cancer risk included cGVHD (HR = 2.86 [95% CI: 2.01–4.07]), specifically for basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (HR = 1.80 [95% CI: 1.31–2.46] and HR = 3.68 [95% CI: 2.39–5.68], respectively), male gender (HR = 1.56 [95% CI: 1.15–2.13]), especially for SCC (HR = 1.70 [95% CI: 1.03–2.80]), and voriconazole exposure (HR = 2.01 [95% CI: 1.12–3.61]). TBI showed no statistically significant association with subsequent skin cancer (HR = 1.12 [95% CI: 0.73–1.71]). These findings highlight the importance of rigorous skin cancer surveillance and preventive strategies in HSCT recipients, particularly in male individuals undergoing allogeneic transplants and those with identifiable risk factors, to enable early detection and intervention.
Biogeography and evolution of the Cerrado endemic avifauna
Authors: Lopes Leonardo Esteves , Silva José Maria Cardoso
Published: July 2024

Aim

Endemicity is one of the main indicators to describe and compare regional biotas. Endemic species can originate from inter‐ or intra‐regional speciation, but few studies have measured the relative contribution of these two mechanisms in the assembly of regional biotas. We investigated the relative contributions of inter‐ and intra‐regional speciation in assembling the endemic avifauna of the Cerrado, the largest South American savanna region. We also tested hypotheses about the relationships between habitat preferences with range size and evolutionary age, as well as whether the biogeographical relationships between the Cerrado and neighbouring regions are randomly distributed around the region.

Location

Cerrado, central South America.

Taxon

Birds.

Methods

We used distributional and phylogenetic data of Cerrado endemic birds.

Results

The proportion of endemic species in the Cerrado region is relatively low, when compared to other organisms living in the same region. Furthermore, we found that inter‐regional speciation is the primary factor promoting bird endemism in the Cerrado and that sister species of Cerrado endemics are concentrated in northwestern (forest species) and southwestern (nonforest species) South America. We also found that nonforest endemic bird species do not necessarily have larger geographical ranges than forest endemic species; however, nonforest endemic species are evolutionarily older than forest species.

Main conclusions

The assembly of the Cerrado endemic avifauna is complex and idiosyncratic. The intricate history of the Cerrado endemic avifauna suggests that it is constantly exchanging species with its neighbouring regions. Due to its high ecological heterogeneity, the Cerrado ecosystems are capable of harbouring populations of both endemic and non‐endemic species acquired during periods of significant biotic exchange.