bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence to Support the Anti-Cancer Effect of Olive Leaf Extract and Future Directions
Authors: Boss Anna , Bishop Karen , Marlow Gareth , Barnett Matthew , Ferguson Lynnette
Published: August 2016

The traditional Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with long life and lower prevalence of cardiovascular disease and cancers. The main components of this diet include high intake of fruit, vegetables, red wine, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and fish, low intake of dairy and red meat. Olive oil has gained support as a key effector of health benefits and there is evidence that this relates to the polyphenol content. Olive leaf extract (OLE) contains a higher quantity and variety of polyphenols than those found in EVOO. There are also important structural differences between polyphenols from olive leaf and those from olive fruit that may improve the capacity of OLE to enhance health outcomes. Olive polyphenols have been claimed to play an important protective role in cancer and other inflammation-related diseases. Both inflammatory and cancer cell models have shown that olive leaf polyphenols are anti-inflammatory and protect against DNA damage initiated by free radicals. The various bioactive properties of olive leaf polyphenols are a plausible explanation for the inhibition of progression and development of cancers. The pathways and signaling cascades manipulated include the NF-κB inflammatory response and the oxidative stress response, but the effects of these bioactive components may also result from their action as a phytoestrogen. Due to the similar structure of the olive polyphenols to oestrogens, these have been hypothesized to interact with oestrogen receptors, thereby reducing the prevalence and progression of hormone related cancers. Evidence for the protective effect of olive polyphenols for cancer in humans remains anecdotal and clinical trials are required to substantiate these claims idea. This review aims to amalgamate the current literature regarding bioavailability and mechanisms involved in the potential anti-cancer action of olive leaf polyphenols.
Distributed-Temperature-Sensing Using Optical Methods: A First Application in the Offshore Area of Campi Flegrei Caldera (Southern Italy) for Volcano Monitoring
Authors: Carlino Stefano , Mirabile Maurizio , Troise Claudia , Sacchi Marco , Zeni Luigi , Minardo Aldo , Caccavale Mauro , Darányi Virág , De Natale Giuseppe
Published: August 2016

A temperature profile 2400 m along the off-shore active caldera of Campi Flegrei (Gulf of Pozzuoli) was obtained by the installation of a permanent fiber-optic monitoring system within the framework of the Innovative Monitoring for Coastal and Marine Environment (MON.I.C.A) project. The system consists of a submerged, reinforced, multi-fiber cable containing six single-mode telecom grade optical fibers that, exploiting the stimulated Brillouin scattering, provide distributed temperature sensing (DTS) with 1 m of spatial resolution. The obtained data show that the offshore caldera, at least along the monitored profile, has many points of heat discharge associated with fluid emission. A loose association between the temperature profile and the main structural features of the offshore caldera was also evidenced by comparing DTS data with a high-resolution reflection seismic survey. This represents an important advancement in the monitoring of this high-risk volcanic area, since temperature variations are among the precursors of magma migration towards the surface and are also crucial data in the study of caldera dynamics. The adopted system can also be applied to many other calderas which are often partially or largely submerged and hence difficult to monitor.
A Matrix-Based Proactive Data Relay Algorithm for Large Distributed Sensor Networks
Authors: Xu Yang , Hu Xuemei , Hu Haixiao , Liu Ming
Published: August 2016

In large-scale distributed sensor networks, sensed data is required to be relayed around the network so that one or few sensors can gather adequate relative data to produce high quality information for decision-making. In regards to very high energy-constraint sensor nodes, data transmission should be extremely economical. However, traditional data delivery protocols are potentially inefficient relaying unpredictable sensor readings for data fusion in large distributed networks for either overwhelming query transmissions or unnecessary data coverage. By building sensors’ local model from their previously transmitted data in three matrixes, we have developed a novel energy-saving data relay algorithm, which allows sensors to proactively make broadcast decisions by using a neat matrix computation to provide balance between transmission and energy-saving. In addition, we designed a heuristic maintenance algorithm to efficiently update these three matrices. This can easily be deployed to large-scale mobile networks in which decisions of sensors are based on their local matrix models no matter how large the network is, and the local models of these sensors are updated constantly. Compared with some traditional approaches based on our simulations, the efficiency of this approach is manifested in uncertain environment. The results show that our approach is scalable and can effectively balance aggregating data with minimizing energy consumption.
Virtual Wireless Sensor Networks: Adaptive Brain-Inspired Configuration for Internet of Things Applications
Authors: Toyonaga Shinya , Kominami Daichi , Murata Masayuki
Published: August 2016

Many researchers are devoting attention to the so-called “Internet of Things” (IoT), and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are regarded as a critical technology for realizing the communication infrastructure of the future, including the IoT. Against this background, virtualization is a crucial technique for the integration of multiple WSNs. Designing virtualized WSNs for actual environments will require further detailed studies. Within the IoT environment, physical networks can undergo dynamic change, and so, many problems exist that could prevent applications from running without interruption when using the existing approaches. In this paper, we show an overall architecture that is suitable for constructing and running virtual wireless sensor network (VWSN) services within a VWSN topology. Our approach provides users with a reliable VWSN network by assigning redundant resources according to each user’s demand and providing a recovery method to incorporate environmental changes. We tested this approach by simulation experiment, with the results showing that the VWSN network is reliable in many cases, although physical deployment of sensor nodes and the modular structure of the VWSN will be quite important to the stability of services within the VWSN topology.
A Method to Simultaneously Detect the Current Sensor Fault and Estimate the State of Energy for Batteries in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Xu Jun , Wang Jing , Li Shiying , Cao Binggang
Published: August 2016

Recently, State of energy (SOE) has become one of the most fundamental parameters for battery management systems in electric vehicles. However, current information is critical in SOE estimation and current sensor is usually utilized to obtain the latest current information. However, if the current sensor fails, the SOE estimation may be confronted with large error. Therefore, this paper attempts to make the following contributions: Current sensor fault detection and SOE estimation method is realized simultaneously. Through using the proportional integral observer (PIO) based method, the current sensor fault could be accurately estimated. By taking advantage of the accurate estimated current sensor fault, the influence caused by the current sensor fault can be eliminated and compensated. As a result, the results of the SOE estimation will be influenced little by the fault. In addition, the simulation and experimental workbench is established to verify the proposed method. The results indicate that the current sensor fault can be estimated accurately. Simultaneously, the SOE can also be estimated accurately and the estimation error is influenced little by the fault. The maximum SOE estimation error is less than 2%, even though the large current error caused by the current sensor fault still exists.
Adaptive Curtailment Plan with Energy Storage for AC/DC Combined Distribution Systems
Authors: Jung Seungmin , Yoon Yong-Tae , Jang Gilsoo
Published: August 2016

For developing a large-scale combined system with a number of distributed resources, an appropriate compensation strategy based on the system components and changeable condition must be configured to handle the characteristics of the internal systems. Since renewable sources generate various fluctuations, the compensation plans for the storage device connected along with the sources should be supported by a precise expectation method. A cooperative strategy involving the sharing of the DC section with environmentally sensitive generators, like photovoltaic system (PVs) or waves, demands appropriate ESS compensation solutions, owing to its complexity. An active power-control algorithm with voltage-expectation based on the DC power flow is introduced in this paper and is applied in the designed case studies performed on the electromagnetic transient simulation. DC based multi-generation system is composed by applying tidal generator and super capacitor. To utilize wind energy, an offshore wind–wave generation system was utilized in the verification process.
The Effect of a Denser City over the Urban Microclimate: The Case of Toronto
Authors: Berardi Umberto , Wang Yupeng
Published: August 2016

In the last decades, several studies have revealed how critical the urban heat island (UHI) effect can be in cities located in cold climates, such as the Canadian one. Meanwhile, many researchers have looked at the impact of the city design over the urban microclimate, and have raised concerns about the development of too dense cities. Under the effect of the “Places to Growth” plan, the city of Toronto is experiencing one of the highest rates of building development in North America. Over 48,000 and 33,000 new home permits were issued in 2012 and 2013 respectively, and at the beginning of 2015, almost 500 high-rise proposals across the Greater Toronto Area were released. In this context, it is important to investigate how new constructions will affect the urban microclimate, and to propose strategies to mitigate possible UHI effects. Using the software ENVI-met, microclimate simulations for the Church-Yonge corridor both in the current situation and with the new constructions are reported in this paper. The outdoor air temperature and the wind speed are the parameters used to assess the outdoor microclimate changes. The results show that the new constructions could increase the wind speed around the buildings. However, high-rise buildings will somewhat reduce the air temperature during day-time, as they will create large shadow areas, with lower average mean radiant temperature.
Cyanobacterial Neurotoxin BMAA and Mercury in Sharks
Authors: Hammerschlag Neil , Davis David , Mondo Kiyo , Seely Matthew , Murch Susan , Glover William , Divoll Timothy , Evers David , Mash Deborah
Published: August 2016

Sharks have greater risk for bioaccumulation of marine toxins and mercury (Hg), because they are long-lived predators. Shark fins and cartilage also contain β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA), a ubiquitous cyanobacterial toxin linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Today, a significant number of shark species have found their way onto the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Many species of large sharks are threatened with extinction due in part to the growing high demand for shark fin soup and, to a lesser extent, for shark meat and cartilage products. Recent studies suggest that the consumption of shark parts may be a route to human exposure of marine toxins. Here, we investigated BMAA and Hg concentrations in fins and muscles sampled in ten species of sharks from the South Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. BMAA was detected in all shark species with only seven of the 55 samples analyzed testing below the limit of detection of the assay. Hg concentrations measured in fins and muscle samples from the 10 species ranged from 0.05 to 13.23 ng/mg. These analytical test results suggest restricting human consumption of shark meat and fins due to the high frequency and co-occurrence of two synergistic environmental neurotoxic compounds.
Quantification of HEV RNA by Droplet Digital PCR
Authors: Nicot Florence , Cazabat Michelle , Lhomme Sébastien , Marion Olivier , Sauné Karine , Chiabrando Julie , Dubois Martine , Kamar Nassim , Abravanel Florence , Izopet Jacques
Published: August 2016

The sensitivity of real-time PCR for hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA quantification differs greatly among techniques. Standardized tools that measure the real quantity of virus are needed. We assessed the performance of a reverse transcription droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) assay that gives absolute quantities of HEV RNA. Analytical and clinical validation was done on HEV genotypes 1, 3 and 4, and was based on open reading frame (ORF)3 amplification. The within-run and between-run reproducibilities were very good, the analytical sensitivity was 80 HEV RNA international units (IU)/mL and linearities of HEV genotype 1, 3 and 4 were very similar. Clinical validation based on 45 samples of genotype 1, 3 or 4 gave results that correlated well with a validated reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay (Spearman rs = 0.89, p < 0.0001). The RT-ddPCR assay is a sensitive method and could be a promising tool for standardizing HEV RNA quantification in various sample types.
Using Dual Isotopes and a Bayesian Isotope Mixing Model to Evaluate Nitrate Sources of Surface Water in a Drinking Water Source Watershed, East China
Authors: Wang Meng , Lu Baohong , Wang Jianqun , Zhang Hanwen , Guo Li , Lin Henry
Published: August 2016

A high concentration of nitrate (NO3−) in surface water threatens aquatic systems and human health. Revealing nitrate characteristics and identifying its sources are fundamental to making effective water management strategies. However, nitrate sources in multi-tributaries and mix land use watersheds remain unclear. In this study, based on 20 surface water sampling sites for more than two years’ monitoring from April 2012 to December 2014, water chemical and dual isotopic approaches (δ15N-NO3− and δ18O-NO3−) were integrated for the first time to evaluate nitrate characteristics and sources in the Huashan watershed, Jianghuai hilly region, China. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations (ranging from 0.02 to 8.57 mg/L) were spatially heterogeneous that were influenced by hydrogeological and land use conditions. Proportional contributions of five potential nitrate sources (i.e., precipitation; manure and sewage, M & S; soil nitrogen, NS; nitrate fertilizer; nitrate derived from ammonia fertilizer and rainfall) were estimated by using a Bayesian isotope mixing model. The results showed that nitrate sources contributions varied significantly among different rainfall conditions and land use types. As for the whole watershed, M & S (manure and sewage) and NS (soil nitrogen) were major nitrate sources in both wet and dry seasons (from 28% to 36% for manure and sewage and from 24% to 27% for soil nitrogen, respectively). Overall, combining a dual isotopes method with a Bayesian isotope mixing model offered a useful and practical way to qualitatively analyze nitrate sources and transformations as well as quantitatively estimate the contributions of potential nitrate sources in drinking water source watersheds, Jianghuai hilly region, eastern China.
Effects of salinity and flooding on post‐hurricane regeneration potential in coastal wetland vegetation
Authors: Middleton Beth A.
Published: August 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

The nature of regeneration dynamics after hurricane flooding and salinity intrusion may play an important role in shaping coastal vegetation patterns.

METHODS:

The regeneration potentials of coastal species, types and gradients (wetland types from seaward to landward) were studied on the Delmarva Peninsula after Hurricane Sandy using seed bank assays to examine responses to various water regimes (unflooded and flooded to 8 cm) and salinity levels (0, 1, and 5 ppt). Seed bank responses to treatments were compared using a generalized linear models approach. Species relationships to treatment and geographical variables were explored using nonmetric multidimensional scaling.

KEY RESULTS:

Flooding and salinity treatments affected species richness even at low salinity levels (1 and 5 ppt). Maritime forest was especially intolerant of salinity intrusion so that species richness was much higher in unflooded and low salinity conditions, despite the proximity of maritime forest to saltmarsh along the coastal gradient. Other vegetation types were also affected, with potential regeneration of these species affected in various ways by flooding and salinity, suggesting relationships to post‐hurricane environment and geographic position.

CONCLUSIONS:

Seed germination and subsequent seedling growth in coastal wetlands may in some cases be affected by salinity intrusion events even at low salinity levels (1 and 5 ppt). These results indicate that the potential is great for hurricanes to shift vegetation type in sensitive wetland types (e.g., maritime forest) if post‐hurricane environments do not support the regeneration of extent vegetation.
Microsatellites in the tree Foetidia mauritiana (Lecythidaceae) and utility in other Foetidia taxa from the Mascarene Islands
Authors: Martos Florent , Lebreton Gérard , Rivière Eric , Humeau Laurence , Chevallier Marie‐Hélène
Published: August 2016

Premise of the study:

Polymorphic markers were required for a native tree of the Mascarene Islands, Foetidia mauritiana (Lecythidaceae), to investigate the effects of fragmentation of lowland tropical habitats on tree mating systems and on gene flow.

Methods and Results:

Using microsatellite enrichment and next‐generation sequencing, we identified 13 microsatellite loci (dinucleotide repeats). They were highly polymorphic in 121 trees sampled in the largest three populations on Réunion, revealing 2–17 different alleles per locus. Furthermore, they were found to be polymorphic in conspecific populations on Mauritius and in F. rodriguesiana from Rodrigues.

Conclusions:

These results indicate the utility of these markers to investigate genetic diversity, mating systems, and gene flow in a genus native to the biodiversity hotspot of Madagascar and the Indian Ocean islands.
A chiral analog of the bicyclic guanidine TBD: synthesis, structure and Brønsted base catalysis
Authors: Goldberg Mariano , Sartakov Denis , Bats Jan W , Bolte Michael , Göbel Michael W
Published: August 2016

Starting from (S)-β-phenylalanine, easily accessible by lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution, a chiral triamine was assembled by a reductive amination and finally cyclized to form the title compound 10. In the crystals of the guanidinium benzoate salt the six membered rings of 10 adopt conformations close to an envelope with the phenyl substituents in pseudo-axial positions. The unprotonated guanidine 10 catalyzes Diels–Alder reactions of anthrones and maleimides (25–30% ee). It also promotes as a strong Brønsted base the retro-aldol reaction of some cycloadducts with kinetic resolution of the enantiomers. In three cases, the retro-aldol products (48–83% ee) could be recrystallized to high enantiopurity (≥95% ee). The absolute configuration of several compounds is supported by anomalous X-ray diffraction and by chemical correlation.
Base Selection in Analogical Change in Yiddish
Authors: Albright Adam
Published: August 2016

A notable difference between Yiddish and German verb paradigms is that Yiddish has no vowel alternations in the present tense. Whereas Middle High German(MHG) and Modem German (NHG)often have alternations among the singular forms or between the singular and plural, Yiddish never does. The form that has been extended in Yiddish is always the expected 1 sg form. Interestingly, although this change is across the board in Yiddish, it is apparently unattested in any other German dialect.
Effects of Signal-Independent Factors in Speech Perception
Authors: Benkí José R.
Published: August 2016

The present study is an investigation of how lexical status, frequency, and neighborhood density affect the speech recognition in noise, through a replication and an extended analysis of the first experiment in Boothroyd and Nittrouer (1988). The j-factor model, proposed as a metric of context effects insensitive to overall performance level, is used to quantify the effects of these factors. All of these factors are measured with the j-factor model. The effect of neighborhood density is particularly interesting because it is primarily due to the first two segments.
Transparency and Building Lexical Dependency Graphs
Authors: Fillmore Charles J. , Sato Hiroaki
Published: August 2016

The authors are participants in a project, called "FrameNet" which is aimed at building a large computer lexicon of contemporary written English and making it accessible through the World Wide Web for both computational and lexicographic interests. In the process of designing this resource, we have to keep in mind how it can serve its intended applications. A prerequisite to most imaginable NLP applications is word sense disambiguation  (WSD), the automatic process by which a word in a linguistic context can be (probabilistically) assigned its locally intended meaning. This paper will introduce FrameNet and will characterize a facility, based on its tools and data, that could in principle be directed to WSD efforts, and will suggest how both technical (engineering) and linguistic considerations must be called on to build it.
Language Typology and Tonogenesis in Two Atlantic Creoles
Authors: Rivera-Castillo Yolanda
Published: August 2016

This paper provides evidence of strong typological similarities between the tonal systems of Papiamentu and Saramaccan with the systems of West African languages. These typological similarities constitute the basis for a proposal that there is a genetic affiliation between Papiamentu and Saramaccan with the Kwa and Bantu language families; an affiliation that reaches beyond the accidental lexical borrowing. Since Saramaccan has been classified as an English-based Creole, and Papiamentu as a Romance-based Creole, their similarities indicate that their substrata have a greater significance in Creole genesis than previously recognized.
A Lexical Approach to English Floating Quantifiers
Authors: Yoo Eun-Jung
Published: August 2016

This paper investigates how the syntactic and semantic characteristics of floating quantifiers (FQ) in English can be explained within the framework of the Head Driven Phrase Structure Grammar. Previous analyses treat FQs either basically as NP quantifiers (Postal 1974, Maling 1976, Sportiche 1988, Mccawley 1998), or as VP quantifiers that are syntactically and semantically distinct from NP quantifiers (Dowty & Brodie 1984). In contrast, this paper proposes an analysis in which FQs are base-generated VP modifiers as in Dowty & Brodie, but their logical (or semantic) contributions are made analogous to that of quantificational determiners, through a precise lexical description of FQs that specifies the information on "storage" and "retrieval" of the quantifier meaning. The proposed analysis is "lexical" in its nature in the sense that the syntactic and semantic properties concerning distribution and scope interaction are encoded as part of the lexical information that the FQs have.
Vowel Acquisition in Hungarian: A First Look at Developmental Data
Authors: Zajdó Kristina
Published: August 2016

Vowel acquisition in children is a poorly researched area of speech development. Studies of phonological acquisition and theories of phonological development assumed that vowels develop early. Until recently, vowels were no more than the "poor relations of consonants" (Ball and Gibbon 2002:xi). Phonological assessments of children with typical and atypical speech development routinely ignored to mention the status of vowel production. However, recent investigations have revealed that the path from the emergence of quasi-vowels in babbling to more adult-like vowel production capabilities of older children requires an awareness of the underlying vowel system of the target language as well as articulatory learning. While the age at which vowels are fully acquired is unknown, data suggest that the major steps of vowel development occur during the first six years of life.
Directionality in Vowel Harmony: The Case of Karajá (Macro-Jê)
Authors: Ribeiro Eduardo Rivail
Published: August 2016

This paper describes some unusual features of vowel harmony in Karajá, a Macro-Jê language from Central Brazil, outlining some of the implications they may have for a broader typological characterization of vowel harmony systems.
THE EFFECT OF WALKING SOUNDS FROM DIFFERENT WALKED-ON MATERIALS ON THE SOUNDSCAPE OF URBAN PARKS
Authors: ALETTA Francesco , KANG Jian , FUDA Samuele , ASTOLFI Arianna
Published: August 2016

Urban parks are essential environmental resources in contemporary cities, for the substantial social and psychological relief they provide for local communities. In recent years, the potential of the soundscape approach for enhancing the ecological contribution of such environmental assets has been intensely investigated. Although, researchers tended to focus on the perception of people “staying” in the park, whilst it is important to consider how the sonic environment would be dynamically perceived by users walking across the park. Within this framework, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of different footpath materials on soundscape quality and walking quality perception for people walking in an urban park, considering that the experience of such users is affected by both the background acoustic environment of the park and their walking sound. To this purpose, a laboratory experiment was carried out with 25 participants. Four different walked-on materials that are likely to be used in urban parks were tested: grass, wood, stone and gravel. Results show that the material factor has a significant effect on both auditory and haptic perception. Furthermore, positive correlations can be observed between auditory and haptic variables, confirming that the soundscape appreciation for people walking in urban parks is likely to be affected also by other but aural sensory modalities. The paper ultimately points out that it is possible to re-think the approach to urban parks design and more specifically to the footpaths and the walking sounds that their materials are likely to produce.
DEEP HST/STIS VISIBLE-LIGHT IMAGING OF DEBRIS SYSTEMS AROUND SOLAR ANALOG HOSTS
Authors: Schneider Glenn , Grady Carol A. , Stark Christopher C. , Gaspar Andras , Carson Joseph , Debes John H. , Henning Thomas , Hines Dean C. , Jang-Condell Hannah , Kuchner Marc J. , Perrin Marshall , Rodigas Timothy J. , Tamura Motohide , Wisniewski John P.
Published: August 2016

We present new Hubble Space Telescope observations of three a priori known starlight-scattering circumstellar debris systems (CDSs) viewed at intermediate inclinations around nearby close-solar analog stars: HD 207129, HD 202628, and HD 202917. Each of these CDSs possesses ring-like components that are more massive analogs of our solar system's Edgeworth–Kuiper Belt. These systems were chosen for follow-up observations to provide imaging with higher fidelity and better sensitivity for the sparse sample of solar-analog CDSs that range over two decades in systemic ages, with HD 202628 and HD 207129 (both ∼2.3 Gyr) currently the oldest CDSs imaged in visible or near-IR light. These deep (10–14 ks) observations, made with six-roll point-spread-function template visible-light coronagraphy using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, were designed to better reveal their angularly large debris rings of diffuse/low surface brightness, and for all targets probe their exo-ring environments for starlight-scattering materials that present observational challenges for current ground-based facilities and instruments. Contemporaneously also observing with a narrower occulter position, these observations additionally probe the CDS endo-ring environments that are seen to be relatively devoid of scatterers. We discuss the morphological, geometrical, and photometric properties of these CDSs also in the context of other CDSs hosted by FGK stars that we have previously imaged as a homogeneously observed ensemble. From this combined sample we report a general decay in quiescent-disk F
disk/F
star optical brightness ∼t
−0.8, similar to what is seen at thermal IR wavelengths, and CDSs with a significant diversity in scattering phase asymmetries, and spatial distributions of their starlight-scattering grains.
THERMAL NON-EQUILIBRIUM REVEALED BY PERIODIC PULSES OF RANDOM AMPLITUDES IN SOLAR CORONAL LOOPS
Authors: Auchère F. , Froment C. , Bocchialini K. , Buchlin E. , Solomon J.
Published: August 2016

We recently detected variations in extreme ultraviolet intensity in coronal loops repeating with periods of several hours. Models of loops including stratified and quasi-steady heating predict the development of a state of thermal non-equilibrium (TNE): cycles of evaporative upflows at the footpoints followed by falling condensations at the apex. Based on Fourier and wavelet analysis, we demonstrate that the observed periodic signals are indeed not signatures of vibrational modes. Instead, superimposed on the power law expected from the stochastic background emission, the power spectra of the time series exhibit the discrete harmonics and continua expected from periodic trains of pulses of random amplitudes. These characteristics reinforce our earlier interpretation of these pulsations as being aborted TNE cycles.
SUB-KILOPARSEC ALMA IMAGING OF COMPACT STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AT z ∼ 2.5: REVEALING THE FORMATION OF DENSE GALACTIC CORES IN THE PROGENITORS OF COMPACT QUIESCENT GALAXIES
Authors: Barro G. , Kriek M. , Pérez-González P. G. , Trump J. R. , Koo D. C. , Faber S. M. , Dekel A. , Primack J. R. , Guo Y. , Kocevski D. D. , Muñoz-Mateos J. C. , Rujoparkarn W. , Seth K.
Published: August 2016

We present spatially resolved Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 870 μm dust continuum maps of six massive, compact, dusty star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2.5. These galaxies are selected for their small rest-frame optical sizes (

kpc) and high stellar mass densities that suggest that they are direct progenitors of compact quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 2. The deep observations yield high far-infrared (FIR) luminosities of

and star formation rates (SFRs) of SFR = 200–700 M
⊙ yr−1, consistent with those of typical star-forming “main sequence” galaxies. The high spatial resolution (FWHM ∼ 0.″12–0.″18) ALMA and Hubble Space Telescope photometry are combined to construct deconvolved, mean radial profiles of their stellar mass and (UV+IR) SFR. We find that the dusty, nuclear IR–SFR overwhelmingly dominates the bolometric SFR up to r ∼ 5 kpc, by a factor of over 100× from the unobscured UV–SFR. Furthermore, the effective radius of the mean SFR profile (

kpc) is ∼30% smaller than that of the stellar mass profile. The implied structural evolution, if such nuclear starburst last for the estimated gas depletion time of Δt = ±100 Myr, is a 4× increase of the stellar mass density within the central 1 kpc and a 1.6× decrease of the half-mass–radius. This structural evolution fully supports dissipation-driven, formation scenarios in which strong nuclear starbursts transform larger, star-forming progenitors into compact quiescent galaxies.
Les frontières de la rétention : genre et ethnicité dans le contrôle des étrangers en instance d’expulsion
Authors: Tassin Louise
Published: August 2016

Résumé Fondée sur une enquête en immersion dans un centre de rétention français, cette analyse vise à approfondir la question des usages et de la production des catégories de l’altérité dans et par l’enfermement des étrangers en instance d’expulsion. Les frontières de genre et d’ethnicité jouent un rôle clé dans l’organisation du travail, dans les relations interprofessionnelles et dans le traitement des étrangers retenus. En effet, le fonctionnement général du centre obéit à une division genrée et ethnicisée des tâches que cristallise la position des agents privés, immigré-e-s précaires dont les compétences sont rapportées à des caractéristiques naturalisées et qui sont en partie associé-e-s aux retenus. Par ailleurs, les hiérarchies internes à la police, qui compte un certain nombre de femmes et de policiers minoritaires, sont adossées à des représentations stigmatisantes des étrangers enfermés que les conditions de travail des agents contribuent à renforcer. Alors que la rétention est promue comme un dispositif de confinement administratif, son mode de fonctionnement au quotidien produit et reproduit un amalgame entre personnes retenues et délinquants.
Appréhension et expérience de la pluralité religieuse dans les prisons en Suisse et en Italie : une approche par l’ethnographie
Authors: Becci Irene , Khalid Rhazzali Mohammed , Schiavinato Valentina
Published: August 2016

Résumé Depuis plus de vingt ans, on observe dans les prisons en Suisse et en Italie une pluralité religieuse inédite, issue de la globalisation sociétale et culturelle. Pour les institutions pénitentiaires garantissant la liberté de croyance et de conscience, cette « super-diversité » conduit à de nouveaux aménagements et à une tentative d’encadrement du religieux sur un plan formel (aumôneries, repas, célébrations religieuses). Les détenus, quant à eux, mobilisent leur expérience du religieux de manières variables, tantôt comme moyens de résistance à l’institution, tantôt comme pratiques « privées » ou comme demandes officielles. Une approche ethnographique et épistémologique sensible aux situations et nourrie des données recueillies sur plusieurs années de recherches depuis 2005 permet de questionner les catégories religieuses mobilisées par les institutions pénitentiaires, tout en explorant l’agentialité des détenus dans leur appropriation du fait religieux.
O MERCADO IMOBILIÁRIO DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE MARINGÁ E SEUS REFLEXOS NA OCUPAÇÃO SÓCIO-ESPACIAL DOS CONDOMÍNIOS RESIDENCIAIS HORIZONTAIS
Authors: Vercezi Jaqueline Telma , Töws Ricardo Luiz , Mendes César Miranda
Published: August 2016

O propósito dessa reflexão é retratar a ocupação do espaço urbano, enfocando a existência dos condomínios residenciais horizontais na cidade média de Maringá e em sua região metropolitana e o processo de segregação existente nesta realidade. O trabalho foi pautado na utilização de embasamento teórico e empírico, possibilitando nortear as reflexões em questão. As resultantes do capitalismo que monopoliza as forças organizadoras do espaço sócio-político e econômico em que vivemos apresentam elementos que ora atraem, ora repulsam processos redefinidores do espaço conforme o estágio e o interesse do capital.  Esses espaços elitizados, com seus altos muros, nos remetem a, um padrão de organização do espaço urbano com particularidades dentro da cidade e intensificam ainda mais a diferenciação em morar nas aglomerações, acentuando o processo de segregação.
IL-36–Induced Toxicity in Neonatal Mice Involves TNF-α Production by Liver Myeloid Cells
Authors: Palomo Jennifer , Mastelic-Gavillet Beatris , Woldt Estelle , Troccaz Sabina , Rodriguez Emiliana , Palmer Gaby , Siegrist Claire-Anne , Gabay Cem
Published: August 2016

Human and mouse neonates exhibit limited vaccine responses characterized by predominant Th2 and limited Th1 responses. Because IL-36 exerts a synergic adjuvant effect with IL-12, enhancing Th1 polarization in adult (AD) mice, we administered IL-36β to neonatal (1-wk old) and AD control mice at the time of immunization with tetanus toxoid adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide (TT/Alum). Unexpectedly, the combination of IL-36β with TT/Alum, which was well tolerated in AD mice, proved toxic and even lethal in neonates. This neonatal toxicity was associated with high Il36r mRNA expression in neonatal liver, resulting in increased cytokine production. Liver Il36r mRNA expression decreased with the termination of fetal liver hematopoiesis, and this decrease correlated with a complete protection from TT/Alum/IL-36β–induced mortality. The combination of IL-36β and TT/Alum induced the rapid production of TNF-α and IFN-γ by liver myeloid and lymphoid cells, respectively. These responses were less marked when IL-36β was used alone, with no adverse effect. The toxicity of IL-36β + TT/Alum was abrogated by the administration of a neutralizing anti–TNF-α Ab, confirming causality. In conclusion, liver myeloid cells in neonatal mice are an important source of proinflammatory cytokines that may lead to TNF-α–mediated toxicity and even lethality.
Prolonged and biphasic acute hepatitis A in hepatitis B virus carrier
Authors: Garlatti Costa Elena , Ghersetti Michela , Grazioli Silvia , Casarin Pietro
Published: August 2016

Acute hepatitis A is generally a self-limited disease in healthy subjects within few weeks, but an uncommon type of prolonged and biphasic acute course of hepatitis A infection has been also described. This type of presentation is observed in about 6-10% of patients, but a small number of reports, concerning this topic, are available in literature. In addition hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection in hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers has rarely been discussed. A 41-year-old Italian man, already known to our Department for HBV infection as an inactive carrier HBsAg(+)ve, experienced a prolonged and biphasic course of acute hepatitis A, lasting about 7 months. In this patient possible factors, causing the second flare of transaminases, were excluded (in particular autoimmunity). Liver biopsy as well HAV RNA search in blood/stools were not performed. In conclusion, the hepatologist should take into account this type of atypical course in patients with HAV-related hepatitis and should promote HAV vaccination in subjects with HBV-chronic hepatitis, to prevent possible life-threatening acute exacerbation of hepatic damage, mainly in HBV-carriers with more severe forms of liver diseases.
Sex-gender and atrial fibrillation treatment in the ATA-AF Study
Authors: Politi Cecilia , Ciarambino Tiziana , Riva Letizia , Frasson Stefania , Lucci Donata , Gussoni Gualberto , Gonzini Lucio , Campanini Mauro , Gulizia Michele , Di Pasquale Giuseppe , Mathieu Giovanni , And Investigators On behalf of ATA-AF Steering Comm.
Published: August 2016

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. This analysis aimed to determine the sex-gender differences in patients with AF enrolled in the observational ATAAF study. The study was conducted in 360 centers in Italy. During a 4-week period, all consecutive inpatients and outpatients aged ≥18 years, with a documented primary or secondary diagnosis of AF, were included. A total of 7148 patients (47% females) were enrolled. Females were significantly older, they more frequently needed assistance and were affected with severe cognitive impairment. The preferred anti-arrhythmic strategy in both genders was heart rate control (females: 54.7%, males: 48.4%, p75 was not (1.00, 95% CI 0.79-1.26). This study defines sex-gender differences in AF patients, including lower OAC prescription in females despite of higher thrombotic risk. Concomitant higher hemorrhagic risk and other characteristics that were more frequent in females (i.e. severe cognitive and functional impairment) may at least partly explain this trend towards gender-related under-prescription of OAC.
Performance of Kalon herpes simplex virus 2 assay using dried blood spots among young women in Uganda
Authors: Nsobya Sam L. , Hewett Paul C. , Kalibala Sam , Mensch Barbara S.
Published: August 2016

This study evaluated the performance of the Kalon Biological HSV2 IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Kalon Biological Ltd, Surrey, United Kingdom) on dried blood spots (DBS) of various dilutions compared with plasma from young women aged 18–24 years in Uganda. We estimated the sensitivity and specificity of three DBS dilutions using plasma as the reference. All three evaluated DBS dilutions yielded low sensitivities and specificities, with DBS 1:2 yielding the highest concurrence. Other herpes simplex virus type 2 assays should be examined with regard to their utility for testing DBS.
Plasminogen Activator System and Breast Cancer: Potential Role in Therapy Decision Making and Precision Medicine
Authors: Gouri Adel , Dekaken Aoulia , Bairi Khalid El , Aissaoui Arifa , Laabed Nihad , Chefrour Mohamed , Ciccolini Joseph , Milano Gérard , Benharkat Sadek
Published: August 2016

Shifting from the historical TNM paradigm to the determination of molecular and genetic subtypes of tumors has been a major improvement to better picture cancerous diseases. The sharper the picture is, the better will be the possibility to develop subsequent strategies, thus achieving higher efficacy and prolonged survival eventually. Recent studies suggest that urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), uPA receptor (uPAR), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may play a critical role in cancer invasion and metastasis. Consistent with their role in cancer dissemination, high levels of uPA, PAI-1, and uPAR in multiple cancer types correlate with dismal prognosis. In this respect, upfront determination of uPA and PAI-1 as invasion markers has further opened up the possibilities for individualized therapy of breast cancer. Indeed, uPA and PAI-1 could help to classify patients on their risk for metastatic spreading and subsequent relapse, thus helping clinicians in their decision-making process to propose, or not propose, adjuvant therapy. This review covers the implications for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of uPA and PAI-1, and therefore how they could be major actors in the development of a precision medicine in breast cancer.
CD31 Expression on CD4+ Cells: A Simple Method for Quantitation of Recent Thymus Emigrant CD4 Cells
Authors: Zakhour Ramia , Tran Dat Q. , Heresi Gloria P. , Degaffe Guenet , Bell Cynthia S. , Donnachie Elizabeth , Zhang Weihe , Pérez Norma , Benjamins Laura J. , Del Bianco Gabriela , Rodriguez Gilhen , Murphy James R.
Published: August 2016

Measurements of CD4+CD31+ cells gave results consistent with those expected for recent thymus emigrant (RTE) CD4+ cells. The method was markedly simpler than established procedures for measurement of CD4+ RTE cells and is usable in locations with limited facilities and budgets.
Towards Malaria Elimination: Monitoring and Evaluation of the “1-3-7” Approach at the China–Myanmar Border
Authors: Feng Jun , Liu Juan , Feng Xinyu , Zhang Li , Xiao Huihui , Xia Zhigui
Published: August 2016

The surveillance and response system remains one of the biggest challenges to malaria elimination along the China–Myanmar border. In China, “1-3-7” approach was developed to guide elimination activities according to the National Malaria Elimination Program, which is a simplified set of targets that delineates responsibilities and actions. The time frame of the approach has been incorporated into the nationwide web-based disease reporting system: 1, case reporting within 1 day after diagnosis; 3, case investigation within 3 days; and 7, focus investigation and action within 7 days. Herein, the data on malaria cases in 2005–2014 and after the “1-3-7” implementation in 2013–2014 of the 18 counties at the China–Myanmar border are reviewed and analyzed. Results showed that the total cases decreased while the proportion of imported cases rose. The “1-3-7” was well executed, except for the “3” indicator, which was 96.3% accomplished on average in the 18 border counties, but needs to be further strengthened. More efforts are highlighted for timely and accurate case detection as well as proactive mapping of disease transmission hot spots to facilitate the elimination of border malaria.
Impact of Hepatitis C Virus/Schistosoma mansoni Coinfection on the Circulating Levels of HCV-NS4 Protein and Extracellular-Matrix Deposition in Patients with Different Hepatic Fibrosis Stages
Authors: Attallah Abdelfattah M. , Abdallah Sanaa O. , Albannan Mohamed S. , Omran Mohamed M. , Attallah Ahmed A. , Farid Khaled
Published: August 2016

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)/Schistosoma mansoni coinfection is common in Egypt and other developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the influence of HCV/S. mansoni coinfection on the concentration of HCV–nonstructural protein-4 (NS4) in addition to collagen III and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in different hepatic fibrosis stages. We found that coinfected patients (N = 186) showed significantly (P < 0.05, Mann–Whitney U test) higher concentrations of HCV-NS4, collagen III, and collagen III/MMP-1 ratio (CMR) than those with HCV monoinfection (N = 104) in different fibrosis stages. Conversely, coinfected patients showed significantly lower concentrations of MMP-1 when compared with HCV monoinfection. The elevated levels of CMR in case of HCV monoinfection yielded an estimated odds ratio of 1.8 and 2.6 for developing significant fibrosis (F2-F4) and cirrhosis (F4), respectively. HCV/S. mansoni coinfection increased the risk for developing F2-F4 and F4 several fold yielding an estimated odds ratio of 11.1 and 5.2, respectively. This means that coinfected patients have a 6-fold and 2-fold increased risk of developing F2-F4 and F4, respectively, over HCV-monoinfected patients. Thus, elevated levels of HCV-NS4 and CMR in HCV/S. mansoni coinfection suggest increased susceptibility of coinfected patients, compared with those with HCV monoinfection, for accelerating hepatic fibrosis progression.
Elevated Values of C-Reactive Protein Induced by Imported Infectious Diseases: A Controlled Cross-Sectional Study of 11,079 Diseased German Travelers Returning from the Tropics and Subtropics
Authors: Herbinger Karl-Heinz , Hanus Ingrid , Schunk Mirjam , Beissner Marcus , von Sonnenburg Frank , Löscher Thomas , Bretzel Gisela , Hoelscher Michael , Nothdurft Hans Dieter , Huber Kristina Lydia
Published: August 2016

The present controlled cross-sectional study aimed to assess elevated values of C-reactive protein (CRP), a positive acute-phase protein, induced by imported infectious diseases (IDs) seen in patients consulting the University of Munich (1999–2015) after being in the tropics/subtropics. The analysis investigated data sets from 11,079 diseased German travelers (cases) returning from Latin America (1,986), Africa (3,387), and Asia (5,706), and from 714 healthy Germans who had not recently traveled (controls). The proportions of elevated values of CRP (> 0.5 mg/dL) were significantly larger among cases (44.3%) than among controls (20.7%). Among cases, this proportion was largest among males (49.2%) in comparison to females (39.9%), among travelers with short travel duration of 1–14 days (49.6%) in comparison to travelers with a travel duration of > 180 days (30.8%), and with travel destination in Africa (47.0%) in comparison to Asia (44.2%) and Latin America (39.9%), among all-inclusive travelers (47.4%) in comparison to business travelers (46.7%) and backpackers (44.1%), and among patients presenting with fever (70.9%) and arthralgia (54.3%). The study identified various imported IDs with significantly larger proportions of elevated values of CRP including viral (cytomegalovirus infection [94.7%], influenza [88.9%], infectious mononucleosis [71.8%]), bacterial (typhoid fever [100%], paratyphoid fever [92.9%], shigellosis [76.8%], rickettsiosis [74.2%], Salmonella enteritis [71.3%], Campylobacter infection [68.7%]), and protozoan (vivax malaria [100%], ovale malaria [100%], falciparum malaria [95.4%], noninvasive Entamoeba infection [65.9%]) IDs. This study demonstrates that elevated values of CRP can be a useful laboratory finding for travelers returning from the tropics/subtropics, as these findings are typically caused mainly by certain imported bacterial IDs, but also by viral and protozoan IDs.