bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Civil Responsibility in the Medical Industry for Artificial Intelligence Applications: the Legal Rules of AI Responsibility
Authors: Ammar Kareim Kadham Al-Bsherawy  , Ali Abdul-Jabbar Rahim Al-Mashhadi
Published: June 2021

The paper addresses the debate on AI robots’ legal status, which often confuses the jurisprudence and decision-makers between these synthetic drugs’ legal effect and the legal personality status. If only the theories of jurisprudence or philosophers’ opinions contribute to the law’s development, engineers with their inventions also contribute to its effect. It considers the trends in this field and the actions made by specialists in artificial intelligence, and the independence of robots based on the latter. The lack of systems of responsibility traditional to absorb the damage caused by AI technologies. The European civil law commission for robotics is awarded the most sophisticated and independent robot’s legal personality for holding them responsible for themselves and not human beings. Still, this proposal faces many legal, moral, and philosophical challenges. According to this framework, the paper aims to shed more light on, discuss and analyze such an intelligent position robot might have from legal, ethical, and philosophical aspects. The article also explores the possibility of granting autonomous robots a new legal status that removes them from the circle of things and places them within the scope of personal. What is the point of giving this legal personality to robots based on artificial intelligence advocated by international institutions and researchers in law? The results show that granting legal personality within intelligent robots’ philosophical concept is possible as it exists. However, robots’ moral nature differs from a legal person’s existence because we see and feel the latter
The Study of Hemodialysis on the Change Rate of Serum Osteopontin, Sialic Acid, and Nitric Oxide Levels
Authors: Entedhar R. Sarhat  , Takea Shaker Ahmed  , Mahde Salih Hamad  , Rajaa S. Najim  , ThuraiaRifaat  Sarhat  , Kasim Sakran Abass
Published: June 2021

Objective : Chronic renal failure (CRF) is one of the most prevalent diseases of human societies, especially in Iraq. Despite all advances that have been made so far, hemodialysis with all its complications is being applied as the novel treatment strategy for such individuals.Osteopontin (OPN) is a multi-functional secreted glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in and inflammatory process.Our aim was to ascertain whether circulating osteopontin,sialic acid ,and NO levels are altered in patients with CRF before and after dialysis.Design and Methods: A total of 126 patients with HD were enrolled in this study. Serum OPN levels were measured using a commercial enzymelinked immunosorbent assay kit.Results: Osteopontin and Sialic acid levels were significantly higher in haemodialysed CKD patients than predialysed CKD patients and normal healthy controls. The levels of NO was significantly lower in CRF patients pre HD when compared with healthy controls and significantly increased in post HD as compared to pre HD. Conclusion: In our study, OPN SA, NO were found to be a valuable marker of severity of CKD.
Isolation and Identification of Shigella Sonnei from Children with Diarrhea and Detection of the Most Important Virulence Factors
Authors: Hayfaa Rajab Alwan  , Mohammed Nadhir Maaroof
Published: June 2021

Some reports showed that the sensitivity of Shigella species to antibiotics changed dramatically over time due to the indiscriminate use of drugs.The Shigella strains became gradually resistant to most antimicrobials, which led to failure of treatment and increased mortality.This study was conducted in Tikrit city and included the isolated of Shigella sonnei from 530 stool samples were collected from children suffering from diarrhea during the period from March 2018 to March 2019.Stool samples taken from children aged 1-60 month.The study showed that all the fifteen isolates obtained were Shigella sonnei, meaning that the infection rate was 2.83% of the total number of patients.The age group from 49-60 months is the group most likely to be affected by Shigella.The results of determining some virulence factors indicated that all Shigella sonnei isolates possess the ability to form biofilms, and 93.3% of these isolates produce beta-lactamase.As for the ability of isolates to cause keratoconjunctivitis,the results showed that 80% of the isolates were positive for the sereny test, that is,it has the ability to cause the disease. The results of the study showed that all isolates were resistant to antibiotics Nalidixic acid and Co-trimoxazole, and 93.3% of the isolates were resistant to Penicillin.Antibiotics Chloramphenicol and Azithromycin showed a significant effect on Shigella isolates,as 93.3% of isolates were sensitive to these antibiotics.The antibiotic Ciprofloxacin showed an asymptotic inhibition to the antibiotics Chloramphenicol and Azithromycin, as the results showed that 86.6 isolates were sensitive to this antibiotic.Antibiotics of the third generation cephalosporins Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone,showed convergent effects in their ability to inhibit Shigella sonnei isolates, as the results showed that the isolates were sensitive to the antibiotics at a rate of 73.4% and 80% respectively.The percentage of isolates sensitive to the antibiotics Amikacin and Tetracycline were 40% and 46.7% respectively.
Study of Some Histopathological and Immunological Analysis in Patients with Chronic Tonsillitis
Authors: Hetaf Shallal Farhan  , Ahmed Sami Farhan
Published: June 2021

Several histopathological and immunological changes that occur in patients with palatine tonsillitis. Blood and tonsil samples were collected from patients with palatine tonsillitis and (healthy peoples) in Ramadi city. The results of histopathological analysis showed the percent of immunopositive cells for the proliferation marker was low while the percent of immunpositive cells for the apoptosis marker was high. Serum was used to know the effect of palatine tonsillitis on some assays CRP, RF, IL-6 and IgM. The results were showed the following: Significant increase in the levels of CRP and RF in patients compared with control group. Significant increase in the levels of IL-6 and IgM compared with control group. We conclude that patients in Ramadi city have several pathological changes in palatine tonsils.
The Impact of OCA2 (rs1800407) and HERC2 (rs12913832) Gene Polymorphisms on Iris Color in a Sample of Iraqi People
Authors: Noaman Tabarek Mundher , A. Alkazaz Abdul Kareem
Published: June 2021

The study was directed in order to determine Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1800407 G>A)of OCA2 and (rs12913832 A>G) HERC2 genes and their association as a DNA marker with eye color in 60samples of Iraqi people. Samples were collected from College of Science / University of Baghdad and alsopeople from different areas of Baghdad, Iraq; during the two months period from September to November2020. These SNPs determination was carried out by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) of blood samples. The results of rs12913832 genotype showed significantly differences (p<0.05) inthe green eye color group. A Survey of HERC2 gene SNP genotypes and allele frequencies in the black andgreen iris groups showed that there was a significant variation in the wild type (AA) and homozygous mutant(GG) genotype frequencies in (rs 12913832), while the SNP (rs1800407) of OCA2 concluded that gene mayhave a non-significant effect among a sample of this study comparing with green eye to black eye color.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Psychiatric Manifestations-A Consise Review
Authors: Roshan Kumar Jha  , Deepika Kanyal  , Ritu Devi  , Lata Kanyal Butola
Published: June 2021

Vitamin B12 deficiency may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders such as mental confusion, memory changes, cognitive slowing, mood disorder, violent behaviour, fatigue, delirium and paranoid psychosis. Vitamin B12 plays a crucial role in cell reproduction, normal erythropoiesis, nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis, normal growth, DNA synthesis, and one carbon metabolism. Vitamin B12 helps in synthesis of methionine from homocysteine and conversion of methylmalonylcoA to succinylcoA. Methionine is converted to SAM which donates its methyl group to myelin, membrane phospholipids and various neurotransmitters and free THF is liberated from N5 methyl THF which is used in synthesis of purine, pyrimidine and nucleic acid. An elevated level of Hcy as a neurotoxin was also shown to affect the redox signalling pathways in neurons through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a decrease in endogenous antioxidants. If patterns of DNA methylation in redox-related genes can modulate cognitive impairment caused by vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinaemia is therefore of interest, low levels of vitamin B12 can cause serious cognitive dysfunction. Psychiatric symptoms attributable to vitamin B12 deficiency have been described for decades. The earlier studies are for the most part in accord with more recent ones, despite being diagnostically less precise in psychological and hematologic terms. These symptoms tend to fall into many clinically distinct categories: slow cerebration; confusion; memory changes; delirium, with or without hallucinations and/or delusions; depression; acute psychotic states; and more rarely) reversible manic and schizophreniform states. In conclusion, psychiatric disorders can be rare manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency, which are reversible with therapy. Serum Vitamin B12 level should be checked in patients with psychiatric manifestations as it results in neuro psychiatric manifestations such as peripheral neuropathy, myeloneuropathy, cerebellar ataxia, optic atrophy, delirium, dementia, psychosis and mood disorders
Introduction Of Principles Of Management In Subjects Of Business
Authors:   Cand.Econ.Sci., Professors, Chair Management Namangan Engineering - Institute Of Technology, Uzbekistan, Kazakov Olim Sabirovich , Turabaev Ibroxim ,   The Magister Management Specialities, Namangan Engineering - Institute Of Technology, Uzbekistan
Published: June 2021

The Accelerated rates small-scale business and business worldwide develops. In Uzbekistan small-scale business and business too develops. The share of small-scale business and business grows in gross national product. Successful activity of small-scale business and business depends from introduction in them of modern principles of management. In article introduction of principles of management in subjects of small-scale business and business in the conditions of economy globalisation is considered questions.
Effective Use Of Fixed Assets In The Development Of The Digital Economy
Authors:   Samarkand Institute Of Economics And Service, Uzbekistan, Tashnazarov Samiddin Nizamovich , Azamatovna Nematova Dilnoza ,   Samarkand Institute Of Economics And Service, Uzbekistan
Published: June 2021

This article provides recommendations on the development of the digital economy, its implementation in all spheres of life, as well as its fruitful use by legal entities in the economy. National accounting standards and international standards are compared. The content of fixed assets and their maintenance in accounting are disclosed. At the same time, attention is paid to the afficient use of fixed assets.
Specific Analysis And Evaluation Competitor On The Ability Of Tourism In Uzbekistan
Authors:   Ph.D, Assistant Professor Of Digital Economics,.SamSU, Uzbekistan, Karshiyevna Usmanova Dilafruz
Published: June 2021

The competitiveness of national tourism is one of the components of the country's competitiveness. The competitiveness of national tourism is determined by the tourism potential of ten nations, unique culture, traditions, history, as well as the country's image, effective government policy aimed at developing national tourism as a strategic industry, investments and innovations in this industry. In the article, the author proposes a methodology for assessing the competitiveness of the nation on the basis of the UNWTO recommendations and conducted a SWOT analysis of national tourism in the republic, on the basis of which proposals were developed to increase the country's competitiveness.
Torch-Infections As An Actual Problem In Obstetrics And Gynecology Practice
Authors:   Assistant, Department Of “Normal And Topographic Anatomy”, Fergana Medical Institute Of Public Health, Ferghana, Uzbekistan, Alimdjanovna Tishabaeva Nargiza
Published: June 2021

The article under discussion depicts TORCH infections as an actual problem in obstetrics and gynaecology practice. The author of the article considers that the course of the disease is often asymptomatic, and the pathological impact of the causative agents on the embryonic development of the fetus leads to the development of defects, which cause spontaneous abortions, perinatal and postnatal deaths, as well as a disability at a young age.
Russian Historians' Review Of Diplomatic Relations Between The Emirates Of Bukhara And The Russian Empire In Colonial Studies
Authors:   Master’s Degree Of National University Of Uzbekistan, Hamraev Sunnatillo
Published: June 2021

The first research on the history of diplomatic relations between the Emirate of Bukhara and the Russian Empire began in the XIX century. It is expedient to study how the diplomatic relations between the two countries were studied by Russian historians in the XIX and early XX centuries through historical research. This article discusses the general features of research in this period and the issues that are in their focus.
Organization Of Leisure In The Cities Of Karakalpakstan In 1960-1980
Authors:   Doctor Of Philosophy (PhD) On Historical Sciences, Karakalpak State University Named After Berdakh, Uzbekistan, Seydametova Gulnara
Published: June 2021

Organization of leisure of the population in the cities of Karakalpakstan in 1960-1980sis analyzed in the article as well as the meaning of the ‘leisure’ term is determined. The cultural leisure of townspeople was sufficiently divorced. The organization of the leisure was based not only on the party and state directions, but on active amateur involvement of the population groups in cultural life of the regions. Development of city infrastructure and increase of living standards of the population required improvement in all fields of industry and livelihood of the society. The peculiarity of leisure organization for Soviet citizens is uncovered in the article. It differs by its ideological purpose and intension to involve citizens into achievement of the goals stated by the government for the industrial enterprises. The methodology of the research is based on local materials. In this research we focused on specifics and problems of leisure and recreation activities of Karakalpak region during the studied period of time. The scientific novelty of the research is that the research of the leisure and recreation activities within the period from 1960’s to 1980’s has been studied for the first time in Karakalpakstan. The social problems of the region and ways to solve these problems by the government of the Republic were studied on the basis of statistic data, archives and articles of that period.
Fundamentals Of Change In Children’s Psyche
Authors:   Candidate Of Psychology, Associated Professor, Head Of The Department Of Social And Professional Psychology, Khujand State University Named After Academician Bobojonov Gafurov Khujand, Tajikistan, Zaytmetov Khuseyn Avaskhonovich , Taimuratovich Lufov Mansurboy ,   Candidate Of Pedagogical Science, Senior Lecturer, Department Of Social And Professional Psychology, State Educational Institution KSU Named After Acad. B. Gafurov Khujand, Tajikistan, Xoliqzoda Muqaddas ,   Candidate Of Pedagogical Science, Associated Professor, Department Of Theory And Methods Of Preschool Education GOU, Khujand State University Named After Academician Bobojonov Gafurov Khujand, Tajikistan, Davlatova Naila Boboydavlat Qizi ,   Student, Psychology And Preschool Education, Khujand State University Named After Academician Bobojonov Gafurov Khujand, Tajikistan
Published: June 2021

In this article, we looked at the nature of children as a social phenomenon and the factors that change it. The analysis of the factors influencing human development has shown that among these factors, education and upbringing are important and leading.
Beauty As An Aesthetic Basis Of Human Life
Authors:   Lecturer, Department Of Philosophy And National Idea Samarkand State University Samarkand, Uzbekistan, Quvvatov Sardor Isomiddinovich
Published: June 2021

In this article, beauty is interpreted as the aesthetic basis of human life and its ethnomadanical features are analyzed. Historical-theoretical analysis of the study of the concept of beauty in the science of aesthetics is given. Striving for beauty as a natural feature of a person or a sign of emotional perception of the world, allows people to cultivate aesthetic consciousness, build spiritual and creative life and strive for perfection in general.
Psychological Characteristics Of Increasing Cognitive Activity In Elementary School Students
Authors:   Teacher, Department Of Psychology, Bukhara State University, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, Salikhov Shohrukh , Salikhov Timur ,   Teacher, Department Of Methodology And Theory Of Physical Culture, Bukhara State University, Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Published: June 2021

This article discusses the importance and benefits of increasing students' cognitive activity. In addition, the psychological features and methods of increasing the activity of students in the educational process are described.
On The Intonation Of Communicative Types Of Sentence In Turkology
Authors:   Senior Lecturer Of The Department Of Linguistics, Doctor Of Philosophy In Philology, Fergana State University, Uzbekistan, Gaziyeva Maftuna Muhammadovna , Rahmonova Zamira ,   Teacher Of Academic Lyceum Fergana Branch Of Tashkent University Of Information Technologies, Uzbekistan
Published: June 2021

The article explores the history of research on the intonation features of communicative types of sentence. It also highlights problematic issues of intonation and prosody and points to their solutions.
Polysyndetone And Asyndetone Events In Following Polypredicative Units
Authors:   Doctor Of Philosophy (PhD) In Philology, Fergana State University, Uzbekistan, Teshaboev Dilmurod Rahmadjonovich
Published: June 2021

In this article, the phenomena of polysyndeton and asyndeton, which serve to provide stylistic, communicative-pragmatic aspects of adverbial dual predicate and polypredicative units, the formation of these methodological tools, their special nature, asyndeton and asyndectonic phenomena used in adverbial polypredicative units, as well as their the linguistic means involved in the occurrence of asyndeton and polysindetone phenomena in follow-up polypredicative units are considered.
Pedagogical And Psychological Aspects Of Independent Education
Authors:   Professor Of Bukhara State University, Uzbekistan, Kakhkharov Siddik Kakhkharovich , Turaev Shukhratjon Farmonovich ,   PhD Student Of Bukhara State University, Uzbekistan
Published: June 2021

This article examines the question of self-learning from a pedagogical and psychological point of view. The principles of self-education are explained by age categories.
The Role And Demographic Situation Of The Southern Regions In The Economy Of Uzbekistan In 1970-1990
Authors:   Candidate Of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Of Faculty Of Law Civil Society, Termez State University, Uzbekistan, Tursunov Zhovli Narzullaevich
Published: June 2021

This article is an interdisciplinary study that analyzes the historical demographic processes in Uzbekistan and its southern regions. Based on the archival documents first introduced into scientific circulation, the statistics reveal the problems of the demographic situation of the population as a result of the neglect of local conditions and peculiarities in Soviet policy, as well as the peculiarities of the migration process.
Innovative-Variative Approach To The Process Of Training Of Public Education Workers As A Developing Model Of Professional Development
Authors:   Candidate Of Pedagogical Sciences, Uzbekistan, Yuldashevich Mahmudov Sarvar
Published: June 2021

Innovative and variable technologies to ensure the quality and competitiveness of the education system through continuous training of teachers in the world have been introduced into the educational process. “Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)” adopted at the 70th anniversary session of the UN General Assembly, “United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization”, “European Higher Education Area (EHEA)” , The European Center for the Development of Vocational Education (CEDEFOP), the Center for Lifelong Learning (DIE) and the Institute for International Cooperation of the German Association of People's Universities (DVV International) ”in the concepts of“ competency-based education Systematic work is being carried out on the implementation of large-scale practical projects to improve the mechanisms of humanization and development of education through the implementation of the model "learning).
The Beginning Of A New Era In The Study Of The History Of World War Ii In Uzbekistan
Authors:   Candidate Of Historical Sciences, Senior Lecturer Of The Fergana Medical Institute Of Public Health, Uzbekistan, Saliev Ulugbek
Published: June 2021

In the Second World War, the multinational people of Uzbekistan showed great courage and perseverance on the battlefields and behind the front and made a worthy contribution to the victory over fascism. One of the urgent tasks today is to prepare a comprehensive scientific-historical book or collection of documents, reflecting the hard and difficult life of the Uzbek people on the front and behind the front during this bloody war, that particularly contributed to the victory over fascism. Such resources will be of paramount importance to convey to future generations the great work done by our people during the war, its strong will and heroism, the truth of that time, to educate them in the spirit of patriotism and courage.
Improving The Effectiveness Of Writing Development Of Medical Students In The Russian Language Classes
Authors:   Senior Teacher Of Fergana Medical Institute Of Public Health, Uzbekistan, Akhmedova U. E.
Published: June 2021

This article provides information that medical students in the process of learning mastered several foreign languages, especially one of the greatest languages - Russian. Students of medical universities should pay special attention not only to oral speech, but also to the development of written speech. Their professional activities are reflected in writing, so they must write competently, perform various types of written work that activate mental activity and increase the literacy of medical students.
Problems Of Parental Cooperation In Special Pedagogy
Authors:   Lecturer Of Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan, Alimova Kamola
Published: June 2021

The form and content of work with parents in the upbringing and development of a child with a speech impediment in the family, the level of their interaction with speech therapists (defectologists) and the problems observed in work with parents
Similarities And Distinctive Features Of Uzbek, Russian And English Phrases
Authors:   Teacher Of Ferghana State University, Uzbekistan, Aliyeva Navruza
Published: June 2021

This article discusses the terms of similarities and differences between languages and their significance in the linguistic environment; the types of collocations are also investigated by analyzing their use in multi-system languages and the ways of their translation into English, Russian and Uzbek are examined. Research is carried out on the types of phrasemes in languages and equivalents are presented, as well as analogs when translated and used in contexts. As a result, certain formulas are identified for the formation of equivalent collocations in languages.
Scientific Project For Humanities Students
Authors:   Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute, Jizzakh City, Uzbekistan, Barat Oglu Rakhimov Adham
Published: June 2021

This article covers issues such as "project", "project work" and the content of the research project for students of the social sphere, the importance of the research project in the teaching of foreign languages.
Combined In Technology Courses Use Of Technologies
Authors:   Doctor Of Sciences, Associate Professor, Termez State University Termez, Uzbekistan, Shomirzayev Makhmatmurod Khuramovich
Published: June 2021

The article highlights the essence of the formation of creative abilities in students through the use of integrated technologies in the organization of practical lessons in school technology education.
Modern Technology And Competence In Dispute Management And Resolution (In The Context Of Mediationtion In Family)
Authors:   Republic Of Uzbekistan Ministry Of Neighborhood And Family Support Research Institute ", Xoliqova Mohira ,   Mahalla And Family",   , Head Of Department, Doctor Of Philosophy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Safibullaevna Beknazarova Saida ,   Doctor Of Technical Science, Prof. Dept. Audiovisual Technologies Of Tashkent University Of Information Technologies Named By Muhammad Al- Khwarizmi, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Published: June 2021

In this article, we will talk about the various principles of conflict resolution, which serve the development of social, economic, interpersonal relations in modern societies and are widely used in all forms of social system (family, economy, production, labor market, state administrative practice), democratic principles that ensure the protection of human rights and freedoms, the introduction of conflict resolution methods into the practice of the neighborhood, the problems of personal development through effective eradication of crises have been investigated.
Lexical And Grammatical Features Of The Compilation Of The RCT Textbook (Russian As A Foreign Language)
Authors:   Candidate Of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head Of The Department Of Russian Language Yedzhu Technical Institute In Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Anvarovna Berdieva Mukarrama , Ashirkulovna Bazarova Shohida ,   Teacher National University, Uzbekistan
Published: June 2021

The article considers the system of principles for creating a modern textbook for adults as a basic linguodidactic tool in teaching Russian to foreigners at an advanced stage of training, with the focus of the educational process on the formation of intercultural competence. Russian language textbook for foreigners contains topics and situations of reality that are relevant to Russian linguoculture in their verbal embodiment in texts of different genres and styles of the modern Russian language. The author demonstrates that with a cognitive-communicative approach, the discursive base of the textbook on the Russian language for foreigners contains relevant topics and situations of reality in their verbal embodiment in texts of different genres and styles of the modern Russian language.; the linguistic concept of the textbook is based on the achievements of theoretical Russian studies; the methodological interpretation of the educational material reflects the understanding of the experience of teaching Russian to foreigners. The textbook serves as a basis for creative use both by the teacher in the educational process and by the students in their independent work, which plays a crucial role in learning. The author emphasizes the importance of the modern textbook as a means of improving the professional competence of the teacher. The author notes that the textbook takes into account the specifics of the forms and norms of modern communication, including the use of information and communication technologies. The textbook is based on clearly defined goals based on the internal motivation of students, focuses on the development and improvement of their communication skills with the active cooperation of the teacher and the student.
“Educational Infrastructure” Is An Important Factor Of The Beginning Of The Third Renaissance Period In Uzbekistan
Authors:   Professor Of The Department Of Theory Of Civil Society Of Andizhan State University, Doctor Of Political Sciences, Andizhan Region, Republic Of Uzbekistan, Yunusov Kamaldin Abzalovich
Published: June 2021

In the state analysis “Infrastructure of education” as an important factor in the beginning of the third Renaissance in Uzbekistan in the conditions of modern globalization. It reflects the “Educational infrastructure” the basic concepts and practical results and proposals.
Performance And Art
Authors:   Associate Professor Of The Faculty Of Art History Of Andizhan State University, Andizhan Region, Republic Of Uzbekistan, Botirova Khilola Tursunbaevna
Published: June 2021

This article provides detailed information about the performing arts, including scientific and theoretical information about the commonality of performance and art. The scholars’ scientific approaches to music are described in detail.
The Poetics Of Munojots In The Epic Of “Saddi Iskandariy”
Authors:   PhD, Acting Associate Professor, Andijan State University, Uzbekistan, Eshanova Zilola Kuchkarovna
Published: June 2021

Munojats is a literary phenomenon in Uzbek literature, which consists of an introduction to devons and poetic balls, a thematic classification of lyrical works, and introductory chapters of large-scale epic poems. In the introductory chapters of Alisher Navoi's “Khamsa” epics, prayers are accompanied by praise and glorification, and are a means of expressing the author's philosophical-mystical, divine-mystical views, personal experiences: confessions of the heart to the Creator, repentance for sins. The article states that the content of the munojats in the preface of “Saddi Iskandariy”, the final epic of Alisher Navoi's “Khamsa”, is formed in harmony with the content of the work; they cover issues such as the author's mystical-philosophical views and the artistic expression of his ideological purpose. The article also shows the importance of the art of obedience in the expression of prayers in the epic, as well as the poet's artistic skill in creating prayers on the basis of analysis and interpretation.
Organocatalytic asymmetric Michael/acyl transfer reaction between α-nitroketones and 4-arylidenepyrrolidine-2,3-diones
Authors: Parida Chandrakanta , Pan Subhas Chandra
Published: June 2021

An organocatalytic asymmetric Michael/acyl transfer reaction between α-nitroketones and 4-arylidenepyrrolidine-2,3-diones is reported. A bifunctional thiourea catalyst was found to be effective for this reaction. With 10 mol % of the catalyst, good results were attained for a variety of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ones under mild reaction conditions.
The Monetary Reforms of the Romans and the Finds of Roman Denarii in Eastern and Northern Europe
Authors: Lind Lennart
Published: June 2021

Monetary measures undertaken inside the Roman Empire might be responsible for the composition of finds of Roman coins made ontside the Empire. A possible link between the composition of the denarius finds in Barbarian Europe, on the one hand, and the monetary reforms of Nero (54—68) and Septimius Severus (193—211), on the other hand, has long been recognised. There is however a third Roman monetary reform which has put its imprint on the denorius finds in Central, Eastern and Northern Europe, the one of Domitian (81—96).
On Theoretical Realism in Archaeology
Authors: Malmer Mats P.
Published: June 2021

In the 1960s the American New Archaeology recommended a logical empiricist, positivist research programme. But in philosophy positivism was by then already out of date. Also in archaeology it was much criticized, and some post-processualists ended up in total relativism. It has been maintained that we cannot attain any objective truth about the past, but have to form a subjective picture of it. But archaeology does not have to choose between positivism and relativism. A new philosphical school, theoretical realism, allows archaeologists to speak of the prehistoric past as a reality, not as a construction or a fiction. The research strategy observed by all good archaeologists since the beginning of our science in the 1830s is good and will lead to thrustworthy results.
Pots, Females and Food
Authors: Welinder Stig
Published: June 2021

Thirteen graves at the Migration Period burial-ground Hamre, middle Sweden, contain ceramic pots. The technical features of these pots are related to the grave-ritual. Cooking or storage pots as well as table-pots had been used. Independent of these qualities, the pots had been used as bone-containers in the male graves, while in the female graves they had been placed on the pyre, possibly containing food, and afterwards deposited as sherds. In this way the female role of housewife was stressed.
Petrified Tears - Archaeology and Communication Through Monuments
Authors: Gren Leif
Published: June 2021

Monuments reflect anxiety, not power or pride, and they are a medium for a communication near collapse. It is claimed that there must be both a sender and a receiver in that communication, and that the message tries to negate a given opinion. Periods of great culture and great monuments are also periods of conflicts in a delicate state of balance.
The Virgin Mary and the Sacred Body - The Ideology of Gender Embodied in the Cistercian Church
Authors: Göransson Eva-Marie
Published: June 2021

The Cistercians' choice of dedicating the entire order to the Virgin Mary is of vital importance to an analysis of the ideology embodied in their specific architecture. Mary, the "debodied" sacred body, the "dewomanized" woman, was the very essence of the Cistercian way of life. The aim of this paper is not to make an overview of the Cistercian order but to show how ideology —here understood as a mental dimension of a material practice —can be seen in material culture and, in this case, identified in written sources.
Complexity in the Use of Culture Concepts - Re-thinking Concepts of Cultures. Example: Fishing/Foragers Neolithic Cultures in NE Europe
Authors: Werbart Bozena
Published: June 2021

This paper deals with the general pluralism of opinions concerning the concepts of Neolithic cultures. Variations within the contents and concepts of cultures can represent a great potential, but they are essentially restrictive. The positivist divsion of archaeological cultures is a familiar error of the exponents of "objectivity" of cultural studies —"Neolithic cultures",  "Subneolithic cultures". Between the 1970s-1990s researchers could not agree upon the economic, ceramic or other aspects of the identifying features of cultures and sometimes referred to them as "Subneolithic", "Paraneolithic, " or even "Ceramic Mesolithic". All these terms, also including the cultural context, are incomplete, although they do contain information about the prehistoric past, which is real.
The Neolithic
Authors: Holm Lena
Published: June 2021

Publications from the time period 1986-1990 concerning the Neolithic are characterized by variation. This is seen in the different approaches and regional differences based on various archaeological conditions. Studies of settlements and economic/social aspects of the societies are in majority together with an emphasis on neolithisation processes. Some studies concern theoretical approaches and methods and applications. South Sweden, with Scania in focus, is the most well-documented region, with regional variations in the archaeological record interpreted as cultural and social differences. In central Sweden comparatively few contributions discuss problems of settlements and social and cultural structures. In Norrland, finally, differences in the archaeological record between and within coastal and inland regions are evident, signifying various Neolithic groups.
Some Remarks on Historical Archaeology in Sweden between 1986 and 1990 Based on "Nordic Archaeological Abstracts"
Authors: Redin Lars
Published: June 2021

This study of Medieval Archaeology presents a quantitative survey of publications as they appear in NAA 1986 to 1990.The survey indicates a shift of interest in those years from urban archaeology to other areas, i. e. castles, iron production and in some sense rural activities. A significant growth of interest in theory and methods can be detected which could be considered as a sign of maturity of Medieval Archaeology in Sweden. The status of Medieval Archaeology in the research society is discussed and is considered to be quite low. It is suggested that the reason for this is the fact that the subject has a rather vague identity.
Cyprus and the Near East
Authors: Åström Paul
Published: June 2021

Cypriote archaeology has flourished during the period, particularly at the Göteborg University and the Museum of Mediterranean Antiquities in Stockholm, and monographs and articles on Cypriote sites, pottery, chronology, religion, iron artefacts etc. have appeared.
Egyptology
Authors: Troy Lana
Published: June 2021

During the period 1986-1990 a number of conferences were related to the subject of Egyptology, and covering the areas of linguistics, Nubiology, religion and computer technology. All of these conferences are represented in the publication of papers. Both popular and scientific descriptions of monuments and artefacts are found in the bibliography from these years as well as, studies related to the contact between Egypt and the Mediterranean and a new beginning grammar in Middle Egyptian.
MODEL COOPERATIVE SCRIPT PADA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS ASPEK BERBICARA: SEBUAH HIPOTESIS
Authors: Nurhayati Siti
Published: June 2021

This article aims to hypothetically reveal the cooperative script model. The cooperative script model is believed to solve passive learning problems particularly in speaking. The model aims to develop social skills, teaching students to be cooperative and collaborative. In its application, students were encouraged to bravely collaborating in pairs on expressing new ideas or material being studied, as well as providing opportunities for them to bring out new creativities so they are motivated to work harder on achieving learning goals. In addition, when cooperative relationships occured, the students could appreciate their friends’ ideas, not the other way around. This study uses library research method by concocting hypotheses related to cooperative script model applied in Speaking. The English teacher can also obtain knowledge and description for appllying the model. It is also expected that the teachers are able to develop cooperative script model in other English language skills, so that students can communicate for expressing their daily needs. Keywords: Application; Cooperative Script Model; English Subject; Speaking
MODEL PELATIHAN DARING MASIF DAN TERBUKA GURU IPA MADRASAH
Authors: Jamaludin Adon Nasrullah , Suparman Nanang
Published: June 2021

This research aims to improve the competence and scientific literacy of madrasah Tsanawiah and Aliyah teachers through MOOC. The Research and Development approach was carried out in training class using Software Tracker phase 1, Physics lesson. The data were collected through classroom participatory observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The subjects were online training participants consisting of madrasah teachers throughout West Java. The result shows that the achievements increased competence and scientific literacy with a very good score of 94,60% and the value of program activities 81%. This study concludes that the training can improve the competence and scientific literacy of teachers and other educational personnel, yet the completeness in all training sessions is still very low (12%). It is suggested that the training should highlight the period by considering materials and characteristic of the participants.                                      Keywords: Literacy; Madrasah Science Teachers; Massive and Open Online Learning; Competence
(RE)FRAMING SPATIALITY AS A SOCIO-CULTURAL PARADIGM: EXAMINING THE IRANIAN HOUSING CULTURE AND PROCESSES
Authors: Rajendran Lakshmi , Molki Fariba , Mahdizadeh Sara , Mehan Asma
Published: June 2021

With rapid changes in urban living today, peoples’ behavioural patterns and spatial practices undergo a constant process of adaptation and negotiation. Using “house” as a laboratory and everyday life and spatial relations of residents as a framework of analysis, the paper examines the spatial planning concepts in traditional and contemporary Iranian architecture and the associated socio-cultural practices. Discussions are drawn upon from a pilot study conducted in the city of Kerman, to investigate ways in which contemporary housing solutions can better cater to the continually changing socio-cultural lifestyles of residents. Data collection for the study involved a series of participatory workshops and employed creative visual research methods, participant observation and semi structured interviews to examine the interlacing of everyday socio-spatial relations and changing perception of identity, belonging, socio-cultural and religious values and conflict. The inferences from the study showcases the emerging social and cultural needs and practices of people manifested through the complex relationship between residents, the places in which they live, and its spatial planning and organisation. For a better understanding of this complex relationship, the paper argues the need for resituating spatiality as a socio-cultural paradigm.
Cosmic Reionization May Still Have Started Early and Ended Late: Confronting Early Onset with Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy and 21 cm Global Signals
Authors: Ahn Kyungjin , Shapiro Paul R.
Published: June 2021

The global history of reionization was shaped by the relative amounts of starlight released by three halo mass groups: the first two groups are atomic-cooling halos (ACHs) with virial temperatures T
vir > 104 K, either (1) massive enough to form stars even after reionization (high-mass ACHs, ≳ 109
M
⊙) or (2) less massive (low-mass ACHs), subject to star formation suppression when overtaken by reionization, and the third group comprises (3) H2-cooling mini-halos (MHs) with T
vir < 104 K, whose star formation is predominantly suppressed by the H2-dissociating Lyman–Werner background. Our previous work showed that including MHs caused two-stage reionization—early rise to x ≲ 0.1, driven by MHs, followed by a rapid rise, late, to x ∼ 1, driven by ACHs—with a signature in cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization anisotropy predicted to be detectable by the Planck satellite. Motivated by this prediction, we model global reionization semi-analytically for comparison with Planck CMB data and the Experiment to Detect the Global Epoch of Reionization (EDGES) global 21 cm absorption feature, for models with: (1) ACHs, no feedback; (2) ACHs, self-regulated; and (3) ACHs and MHs, self-regulated. Model (3) agrees well with Planck E-mode polarization data, even with a substantial tail of high-redshift ionization, beyond the limit proposed by the Planck Collaboration. No model reproduces the EDGES feature. For model (3),

across the EDGES trough, an order of magnitude too shallow, and absorption starts at higher z but is spectrally featureless. Early onset reionization by Population III stars in MHs is compatible with current constraints, but only if the EDGES interpretation is discounted, or else other processes we did not include account for it.
A Detailed Kinematic Study of 3C 84 and Its Connection to γ-Rays
Authors: Hodgson Jeffrey A. , Rani Bindu , Oh Junghwan , Marscher Alan , Jorstad Svetlana , Mizuno Yosuke , Park Jongho , Lee S. S. , Trippe Sascha , Mertens Florent
Published: June 2021

3C 84 (NGC 1275) is the bright radio core of the Perseus cluster. Even in the absence of strong relativistic effects, the source has been detected at γ-rays up to TeV energies. Despite its intensive study, the physical processes responsible for the high-energy emission in the source remain unanswered. We present a detailed kinematics study of the source and its connection to γ-ray emission. The subparsec-scale radio structure is dominated by slow-moving features in both the eastern and western lanes of the jet. The jet appears to have accelerated to its maximum speed within less than 125,000 gravitational radii. The fastest reliably detected speed in the jet was ∼0.9c. This leads to a minimum viewing angle to the source of ≳42° and a maximum Doppler factor of ≲1.5. Our analysis suggests the presence of multiple high-energy sites in the source. If γ-rays are associated with kinematic changes in the jet, they are being produced in both eastern and western lanes in the jet. Three γ-ray flares are contemporaneous with epochs where the slowly moving emission region splits into two subregions. We estimate the significance of these events being associated to be ∼2σ–3σ. We tested our results against theoretical predictions for magnetic-reconnection-induced mini-jets and turbulence and find them compatible.
The Search for Binary Supermassive Black Holes among Quasars with Offset Broad Lines Using the Very Long Baseline Array
Authors: Breiding Peter , Burke-Spolaor Sarah , Eracleous Michael , Bogdanović Tamara , Lazio T. Joseph W. , Runnoe Jessie , Sigurdsson Steinn
Published: June 2021

In several previous studies, quasars exhibiting broad emission lines with ≳1000 km s−1 velocity offsets with respect to the host galaxy rest frame have been discovered. One leading hypothesis for the origin of these velocity-offset broad lines is the dynamics of a binary supermassive black hole (SMBH). We present high-resolution radio imaging of 34 quasars showing these velocity-offset broad lines with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), aiming to find evidence for the putative binary SMBHs (such as dual radio cores), and testing the competing physical models. We detect exactly half of the target sample from our VLBA imaging, after implementing a 5σ detection limit. While we do not resolve double radio sources in any of the targets, we obtain limits on the instantaneous projected separations of a radio-emitting binary for all of the detected sources under the assumption that a binary still exists within our VLBA angular resolution limits. We also assess the likelihood that a radio-emitting companion SMBH exists outside of our angular resolution limits, but its radio luminosity is too weak to produce a detectable signal in the VLBA data. Additionally, we compare the precise sky positions afforded by these data to optical positions from both the SDSS and Gaia DR2 source catalogs. We find projected radio/optical separations on the order of ∼10 pc for three quasars. Finally, we explore how future multi-wavelength campaigns with optical, radio, and X-ray observatories can help discriminate further between the competing physical models.