bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depression, anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Iranian nursing caring for COVID-19 patients
Authors: Ardekani Bamdad Mirab Zadeh , Boroujerdi Fatemeh Ghassem , Dolabinjad Shirin Esmaili , Safa Mitra , Zadeh Farzaneh Haji
Published: March 2023

COVID-19 has put great physical and psychological pressure on medical staff worldwide, including Iran. As with any other disaster, it is worth paying attention to the risk of developing depression, anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the healthcare team. This study aimed to determine the severity of depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD status in healthcare staff involved in treating COVID-19 patients. 400 nurses and clinical assistants in a hospital occupied in treating COVID-19 were included in the study by the incidental sampling. The demographic information questionnaire, DASS-21, and Mississippi PTSD scales were applied to data collection. The mean score of PTSD in about half of the participants is severe. The mean score of re-experience sub-scale is higher than other sub-scales. Depression and stress are significantly higher in those infected with COVID-19. There is a significant difference between various age groups regarding the lack of depression. There is a significant difference in re-experience, alexithymia, and PTSD scores between participants with various marital statuses. Therefore, the existence of depression, stress, and PTSD among medical staff would be a major concern for the health ministry to protect the mental health of society members.
The role of emotion regulation and empathy in students displaying cyberbullying
Authors: Mujidin Mujidin , Nuryoto Sartini , Rustam Husnul Khotimah , Hildaratri Alifiana , Echoh Daniel Ugih
Published: March 2023

Anxiety, anger, sadness, and other negative emotions are the harmful effect of bullying, especially in today's digital era. Many cases of bullying happen through social media, often associated with cyberbullying. Therefore, cyberbullying is increasingly common and requires control as early as possible. This study aims to identify the role of students’ emotion regulation and empathy in cyberbullying behavior. The participants are 64 university students who tend to commit cyberbullying, chosen with the cluster random sampling technique. Three measurement tools, cyberbullying scale, emotion regulation scale, and empathy scale, were used in this study. Data were then analyzed with multiple linear regression analysis. Our finding reveals that emotion regulation significantly predicts cyberbullying, but empathy is not predicting cyberbullying. Emotion regulation allows students to keep their composure, control their words and action according to prevailing customs and norms and avoid showing aggression to people. Emotion regulation can help students to break the chain of cyberbullying.
ANALYZING THE ROLE OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE ON EMPLOYEE LOYALTY IN INDIAN STARTUPS: A LINEAR REGRESSION-BASED APPROACH
Authors: Dey Chanchal
Published: March 2023

Employee contributions have been widely acknowledged as critical to the growth of startups. Due to a lack of established structure and a need for more resources, startup employees often put in long hours with high workloads. Employees often take on multiple roles within a startup, each tailored to the business’s specific needs at any time. This results in employees being subjected to stress at work that could eventually lead them to become disloyal to their employers due to the difficulties associated with juggling work and personal duties. Therefore, this study examines how work-life balance affects employee loyalty based on the perception of employees working in startups in Kolkata, Bangalore, and New Delhi. With the help of statistical analysis techniques like correlation and regression analysis, this study takes a quantitative approach to the phenomenon being investigated, surveying 120 startup employees. The study’s results indicate that a healthy work-life balance is associated with greater employee loyalty. This paper fills a vacuum in the literature and contributes significantly to the expanding body of research that prioritizes work-life harmony to retain loyal employees.
A One Health approach revealed the long-term role of Mycobacterium caprae as the hidden cause of human tuberculosis in a region of Spain, 2003 to 2022
Authors: Martínez-Lirola Miguel , Herranz Marta , Buenestado Serrano Sergio , Rodríguez-Grande Cristina , Dominguez Inarra Eva , Garrido-Cárdenas Jose Antonio , Correa Ruiz Ana María , Bermúdez María Pilar , Causse del Río Manuel , González Galán Verónica , Liró Armenteros Julia , Viudez Martínez Jose María , Vallejo-Godoy Silvia , Esteban García Ana Belén , Cabezas Fernández María Teresa , Muñoz Patricia , Pérez Lago Laura , García de Viedma Darío
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Mycobacterium caprae is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) not routinely identified to species level. It lacks specific clinical features of presentation and may therefore not be identified as the causative agent of tuberculosis. Use of whole genome sequencing (WGS) in the investigation of a family microepidemic of tuberculosis in Almería, Spain, unexpectedly identified the involvement of M. caprae.

Aim

We aimed to evaluate the presence of additional unidentified M. caprae cases and to determine the magnitude of this occurrence.

Methods

First-line characterisation of the MTBC isolates was done by MIRU-VNTR, followed by WGS. Human and animal M. caprae isolates were integrated in the analysis.

Results

A comprehensive One Health strategy allowed us to (i) detect other 11 M. caprae infections in humans in a period of 18 years, (ii) systematically analyse M. caprae infections on an epidemiologically related goat farm and (iii) geographically expand the study by including 16 M. caprae isolates from other provinces. Integrative genomic analysis of 41 human and animal M. caprae isolates showed a high diversity of strains. The animal isolates’ diversity was compatible with long-term infection, and close genomic relationships existed between isolates from goats on the farm and recent cases of M. caprae infection in humans.

Discussion

Zoonotic circulation of M. caprae strains had gone unnoticed for 18 years. Systematic characterisation of MTBC at species level and/or extended investigation of the possible sources of exposure in all tuberculosis cases would minimise the risk of overlooking similar zoonotic events.
Farklı girdap üreteçlere sahip bir aracın aerodinamiğinin sayısal incelenmesi
Authors: YEMENİCİ Onur , KASAP Halit
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmada 1:5 ölçekli yamuk ve kavisli kanat girdap üreteçlere sahip binek bir aracın aerodinamik özellikleri nümerik olarak araştırılmıştır. Araç tasarımı CATİA V5R21 ile yapılırken, geometrik düzenlemeler, sayısal çözüm işlemleri ve ağ örme için ANSYS programı kullanılmıştır. Hava hızı 100 km/h olarak sabit tutulmuş ve akış alanının çözümü düzeltilmiş k-ε türbülans modeli ile yapılmıştır. 8 adet girdap , basınç dağılımları ve aerodinamik katsayılar incelenerek, girdap üreteci kullanılmamış durumdaki sonuçlarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar aracın arka kısmındaki akış alanının ve aerodinamik karakteristiklerin girdap üreteçlerin varlığından ve yapısından etkilendiğini göstermiştir. Kavisli kanat girdap üretecin kullanılması sürüklenme katsayısında %2,87 oranında bir azalmaya sebep olurken, yamuk kanat girdap üretecinin kullanılması durumunda bu oran %2,20 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Kaldırma katsayısındaki maksimum artış %3,3 olarak yamuk kanat girdap üreteç kullanılması ile elde edilmiştir.
Processing of expertise comments using the Common Data Environment
Authors: Zheleznov Maksim , Kazakov Sergey
Published: March 2023

The productivity of the construction industry has declined in recent decades compared to the manufacturing industry, which doubled its productivity over the same period.

The advantages of automation in the manufacturing industry may be the reason for high labor productivity. Moreover, automation has recorded a steady reduction in labor costs and an increase in labor productivity, as well as reducing routine tasks and manual labor.

These huge advantages have led to the emergence of research into the application of automation of construction processes. In parallel with this, there is a need to automate processes that are vital to ensure the rapid creation of high-quality housing infrastructure.

As part of the implementation of state programs for the transition to the digital economy, including in the construction industry, the tasks of implementing information modeling technology at all stages of the building life cycle are becoming urgent. Given the large amounts of data and high requirements for the accuracy of information models, the processes of automating the processing of source data and the formation of a shared data environment come to the fore.

The main purpose of the study is to analyze the existing business process of processing expert comments to form its map and modeling the process based on it using CDE.
Use Of The Developed Algorithm For Checking The Compatibility Of A System Of Linear Inequalities For Solving Optimization Problems In Construction
Authors: Martishin Sergey
Published: March 2023

Optimization methods have been used to solve many problems in construction. Such well-known problems as the transport problem, some problems of structural mechanics, the problem of the optimal location of objects on the construction site, the assignment of the composition of construction teams in the production of construction and installation works, the tasks of technological equipment and a number of others can be reduced to linear programming problems. An algorithm for checking the compatibility of a system of n linear inequalities in the space of real numbers R of dimension d is given. The algorithm is based on the sequential construction of hyperplanes in the space R of dimension (d+2).
Methodology for calculating the complexity and cost of creating 3d bodies with laser scanning during the implementation of the dt-bin project
Authors: Evtushenko Sergej , Fetter Matvey
Published: March 2023

The article presents the interim results of the work on creating a model for calculating the cost and labor costs for the implementation of the project using information modeling and laser scanning (DT-BIM) technologies. In the course of the work, the task of creating blocks of an information model was formalized, the concept of a 3D block was introduced, methods of creating geometry in Autodesk Revit software were classified, a scale for assessing the complexity of modeling typical 3D blocks of various details was created, allowing to standardize the calculation of labor costs for the implementation of DT-BIM projects in conventional units.
Academic mobility of university employees. prerequisites for the transition to a new type of housing
Authors: Pavlyuk Alena
Published: March 2023

The globalization of the modern world imposes new requirements on the academic mobility of teachers. Academic mobility provides unlimited opportunities for professional and personal growth, access to various educational systems and environments. It contributes to improving the quality of education, its internationalization, and the development of international research cooperation.

However, along with the positive aspects, there are many limitations. In particular, the issue of organizing the accommodation of teachers is especially relevant. The article will consider the main aspects that affect the organization of teachers' accommodation and current trends.
Ubadari Field, From Stranded Gas Resources to Optimize Tangguh LNG Business
Authors: Waren R.
Published: March 2023

The Ubadari Field was not included in the original business plan for Tangguh Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) expansion due to limited gas resource estimates and its remote location. However, the team worked courageously, exploring ways to unlock the true potential of this field despite this assumption. In 2015, the vintage seismic dataset was reprocessed using the Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) technique in the velocity model building workflow. The reprocessed data indicated much larger potential resources inside this ‘sleeping’ gas field, leading to an appraisal well proposal. An appraisal well was drilled in early 2019, successfully demonstrating that the lateral extent of the Ubadari Field was larger than originally estimated. The result of the appraisal confirmed that the Ubadari Field is an attractive source of gas to maximize the value of the Tangguh LNG business. The reservoir is thick with good rock quality. A simple development concept with few wells is sufficient to monetize the resource and optimize the Tangguh Expansion Program phase 2. Despite its 70km distance from the Tangguh LNG facility, the new gas volume estimate and production performance prediction has allowed Ubadari Field development to be competitive and eventually replace other Tangguh development options, which had higher development costs. The Ubadari Field plan of development (PoD) was approved in 2021 and will support Indonesia to fulfill its growing energy demand. Successful appraisal of the Ubadari Field has brought new life for exploration activities in the Tangguh western corridor. The projected new infrastructure in the Ubadari area will stimulate and generate more resource options for future growth. The Ubadari Field tremendous success has an important role for a brighter potential of LNG business in Tangguh Area.
2D Basin Modeling of The Carnian and Ladinian Source Rock of West Timor Basin
Authors: Setyowati T.P.
Published: March 2023

Basin modeling is used to gain a better understanding of the interaction between the elements and processes of the petroleum system in the study area. The modeling used in this research is two-dimensional (2D). The modeling is using the Temis2D software ver. 4.0.2, and validate modeling outputs with data from laboratory measurements such as Vitrinite Reflectance (Ro) and Temperature (BHT). This study was located in the offshore between the Timor Island and Australian boundary, which passes through the Ashmore Platform and Bena Basin. The source rock in the model is interpreted as being deposited from the Middle Triassic to the Early Jurassic or from the Ladinian to before the Aalenian age. Deposition of organic material is modelled in the basin-deep or deep areas at each age of deposition. Burial history models in the study area illustrate simply the history of rock sedimentation influenced by tectonic events that occurred during the initial sedimentation of the oldest sedimentary rocks (Top Tatarian at 259 Ma) to the present (0 Ma). In this area, the Ladinian shale maturity level is at peak to late mature (0.8–1.1% Ro). In the NW area, which is close to the trough, Ladinian shale has a post mature maturity level (0.9-1.5% Ro). Carnian shale in the SE-NW region has early to peak mature maturity (0.6-0.8% Ro). Aalenian shale is at an immature to early mature level (0.5-0.7% Ro) in this composite line. Current Transformation Ratio models show that kerogens in the Ladinian shale source rock in composite line (SE-NW) have been 50% to 100% transformed into hydrocarbons at the trough area. The kerogen transformation ratio in Carnian shale rock at the trough area has changed from around 20% to 70% to become hydrocarbons, while Jurassic shale in the trough (NW) area has changed by around <10%, while it has not changed in other areas.
Revealing New Hydrocarbon Potential in Mature Basin, A Case Study From North Madura Platform, East Java Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Wijaya A.K
Published: March 2023

Several basins in Indonesia have been explored and produced for more than 10 decades. With the country’s aspiration of 1 million BOPD oil and 12 billion SCFPD gas production by 2030, efforts in enhancing recovery from existing reservoirs/fields and further exploration in mature and frontier areas have become critical. The East Java Basin has a long exploration history with a total of approximately 700 exploration wells drilled, resulting in more than 4 billion BOE of hydrocarbon resources from 143 fields, thus this area is considered a mature basin. To further explore a mature basin, it is crucial to get additional new data, improve on the available data, and promote new ideas. A case study from the North Madura Platform, East Java Basin which has a series of seismic reprocessing conducted through the years, has been developed to support exploration and exploitation activities. The latest seismic FWI PSDM reprocessing completed in 2020 has enhanced seismic resolution and shown better visualization of carbonate body identification in deeper interval, hence this helps in resolving structural uncertainty. Further innovative G&G studies and improved exploration techniques have opened new hydrocarbon potential within this area. A collaborative and holistic approach has been applied as guidance in decision-making to streamline the strategy process. In early 2021, a wildcat exploration well was drilled and succeeded in marking an important milestone with the discovery of a new pool in a very thick oil-bearing carbonate build-up with very good reservoir quality from deeper Late Eocene Ngimbang Carbonate Play. The discovery has successfully unlocked the vast potential available in this mature basin. The recent oil discovery in the North Madura Platform, East Java Basin, is a success story that should spark an increase in exploration campaigns in this basin as well as in other mature basins in Indonesia.
Qualitative Early Screening Tools for CCUS Location and Its Application for Tangguh Vorwata EGR CCUS
Authors: Maulana A.
Published: March 2023

The oil and gas industry has recently seen an increase in Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) activity. CCUS and hydrocarbon exploration & development share a lot of things in common, primarily in the interpretation and assessment of subsurface. While numerous publications are available on exploring hydrocarbon, fewer published references exist for researching and screening high-potential CCUS locations. This paper is intended to share the qualitative screening tools to look for high potential CCUS location and its application in Tangguh CCUS, Vorwata Enhanced Gas Recovery (EGR) program. Early screening for CCUS focuses on identifying all relevant aspects, which are the source, the transport, and the storage of the CO2. Each element has three different classifications, as favorable, neutral, and unfavorable, based on defined metrics. For example, the metric for source is the distance to the storage; is it near or far? Near CO2 source to storage site will be classified as favorable, and far distance will be classified as unfavorable. A neutral classification is applied to the aspect that needs further data or analysis. The metric definition is adjusted as required. For example, if the preferred location is offshore, then the metric can be set to favor the offshore location and vice versa. This screening has been applied to Tangguh CCUS, Vorwata Field. Vorwata field is an offshore field located in Bintuni Bay, Papua Barat province, Indonesia, which was discovered in the 1990s. The result from the screening tools application shows that Vorwata, in all aspects of source, transport, and storage of CO2, is classified as favorable. The study suggests that this qualitative screening tool is useful in identifying a high potential location for the CCUS program. It offers a systematic approach to identifying a high potential area of focus. At the same time, it also offers flexibility through different sets of agreed metrics for classification.
Fit For Purpose Integrated Structural Identification Using Azimuthal Monopole Sonic Waveforms and Vertical Seismic Profiling: The First Case Study From The Vertical Unconventional Well in North Sumatera Basin – Indonesia
Authors: Adhiansyah E.
Published: March 2023

The uncertainty in understanding unconventional plays has encouraged more studies and technological advancement in the oil field industry. A complementing expertise to dive into the process of understanding reservoir structure has been one of the most essential aspects in the appraisal phase of an exploration well. This paper elaborates a case study that uses an integrated solution to understand structural continuity of a formation in various resolutions and scale. For a vertical onshore exploration well, CMA-001, located in North Sumatera Indonesia an advanced acoustic wireline data set was acquired to assess the degree of anisotropy and the formation elastic properties for input to the stimulation model. Our study focuses on extracting the transversely isotropic shale characteristic from the Baong Formation and following the success story of its predecessor, MLC-001, aims to support an unconventional hydrocarbon exploration of the new vertical well. Nonetheless, the wellbore image log’s quality that is processed and commonly used as inputs in the anisotropy processing have associated uncertainties because of the development of mud cracks that hindered the interpretation of true dip and azimuth. To overcome this complexity, the azimuthal acoustic waveforms are processed and identified for reliable reflectors attributes providing an understanding of reflector dips at a distance from the wellbore. Direct confirmation from zero-offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP) provides broader understanding of reflector’s continuity far from the wellbore. With modern sonic imaging techniques, filtered monopole waveforms are explored to identify coherent reflected energy. The ray-tracing inversion and 3D slowness time coherence (STC) processes take place to confirm for a low misfit between the ray path type and the time pick and act as the ultimate validator on the attributes which translates to the reflector’s true dip and azimuth. The result in the logged section of the well identifies reflectors that correspond to a combination between PP (compressional to compressional), PS (compressional to shear), and SP (shear to compressional) raypath types. The reflectors indicate the presence of a dip angle below and above 30°. Identified reflectors span from 0.02 m to 4.56 m laterally away from the wellbore primarily orienting towards northwest-southeast. The azimuthal monopole sonic migration result visualizes finer layer images of the formation that show excellent agreement with what is investigated by the VSP image. The integration of azimuthal monopole sonic imaging and zero offset VSP has delivered valuable insight and has become a differentiator, providing the ability to connect the dots between two stand-alone measurements.
Pseudo 3D Seismic Generation From Multi-Vintage 2D and 3D Seismic Data for Hydrocarbon Exploration at Eastern Indonesia Basin
Authors: Abdullah A
Published: March 2023

Pseudo 3D seismic generation using existing 2D seismic lines and 3D seismic data has been conducted. We implemented several processes such as amplitude balancing, data selection, trimming, sampling rate equalization, and quality check for seismic tie among 2D lines that might be found due to acquisition geometry, processing, vintages, and difference of seismic instruments. Sample of amplitudes from the entire 2D seismic data were employed as ‘seeds points’ to be populated on the defined seismic 3D layout by applying robust geo-statistical method. Pseudo 3D seismic generation utilized Nearest Neighbor Algorithm combined with the Kirchhoff Demigration and Remigration guided by seismic horizons. The result of pseudo 3D seismic was qualitatively and quantitatively QC-ed using several approaches e.g. direct comparison of pseudo 3D seismic- 2D lines composite and section comparison in the adjacent location. Pseudo 3D result depends on the input data such as quality, distribution of input data, and distance between input data. The quality of pseudo 3D result is measured by the uncertainties map, lower uncertainty, higher confidence and vice versa.
Seismic Avo Attributes and Machine Learning Technique to Characterize A Distributed Carbonate Build Up Deposit System in Salawati Basin Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Effendi Y.
Published: March 2023

PT. RH Petrogas is the operator for acreage in the Salawati Basin in Eastern Indonesia and is interested in exploring this area further, particularly for the Miocene Carbonate or Limestone reservoir, one of the most challenging reservoirs that producing hydrocarbons. This Miocene carbonate build-up has proven to be a prolific oil reservoir in the Salawati Basin. The seismic data suggests the extension of this play to the north of this area, stratigraphically, without confirmation from a successful well penetrations yet. The integration of Seismic attributes, coherency, spectral decomposition, and seismic AVO attributes are seen as key tools in this exploration phase. However, a constraint on this workflow is the paucity of existing well data in the immediate area and discovery wells; adequate seismic interpretation tools are needed, especially with the help of the latest technology, to find optimal locations for increased drilling success. Moreover, to help increase oil production by exploring and exploiting hydrocarbon in this area. The study area incorporates some adjacent oil fields in the Salawati Basin covered by a single 3D seismic to understand the reservoir characteristics of the Miocene Carbonate and predict its distribution using the machine learning (ML) technique. The ML uses seismic AVO attributes data to generate a facies volume classification that can delineate and characterize a complex regional channel deposition system in a carbonate reservoir distribution in Miocene. Using the facies volume output from ML generated a sculping horizon-based target facies of the reservoir with rendering and geobody techniques can help to reveal and characterize a carbonate deposition channeling system over the Miocene Carbonate. The study suggests ML facies volume visualization techniques can help determine the characteristics model of a distributed carbonate clastic deposit system in Salawati Basin, Eastern Indonesia. The model shows some exciting lateral variations in reservoir intervals and reveals new insight and can help find the optimal location for new drilling targets more effectively, increase drilling confidence success, reduce cost and risk for optimizing exploration hydrocarbon strategy in the Miocene Carbonate of Salawati Basin.
Rock Type And Generalization of Permeability-Porosity Relationship for Carbonate Reservoir in Ketapang Block, Indonesia
Authors: Ernando Z.
Published: March 2023

Carbonate reservoirs are of complex lithology and present a challenge to characterize in petrophysical evaluations because of the pore heterogeneity. This paper presents the integrated petrophysical study carried out in the carbonate reservoir of Kujung I Formation, ABC Field in Indonesia. The Kujung Formation was trapped in east to west built up carbonate in shelf margin during Oligo-Miocene period. Extensive data acquisitions such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Full-bore Formation Micro imager (FMI), Dipole Shear Sonic Imager (DSI), and rock characterization (RCA / SCAL) have been used to capture static and dynamic properties in this complex carbonate buildup. The study specifically addresses permeability issues related to the identification of different rock typing methods (Lithofacies / Reservoir Quality Index (RQI) / Flow Zone Indicator (FZI) / Winland / Lucia) and the permeability correlations based on different approaches such as core data, NMR permeability (K) against Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA). In the study, an integrated petrophysical evaluation was done using an internal petrophysical workflow for reservoir characterization. A full dataset of core, FMI, NMR, and conventional logs were assembled to develop an improved generalized permeability-porosity relationship (single regression and rock typing approach) to characterize Kujung I Formation, which was then applied to un-cored wells. Kujung I reservoirs are inherently heterogeneous carbonate rocks. Three (3) different permeability prediction approaches were applied in this study: Method 1 was a conventional method based on simple regression by evaluating permeability from the core, a K/Phi relationship; Method 2 used Hydraulic Flow Unit (RQI/FZI); and Method 3 used NMR logs, to seek the parameters reflecting a good correlation with core permeability. Each independent variable was tested in the NMR Timor Coates equation against core permeability. The variables yielding the highest correlation coefficient (CC) were included in multiple regression analysis.
Seismic Attributes Application in Horizontal Drilling of Gas-Filled Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Adriani P.A
Published: March 2023

Understanding the heterogeneous nature of carbonates in oil & gas remains a challenge even in mature fields. In the development stage of carbonate fields, it is critical to have effective well trajectories and placements to achieve optimum production. Seismic data, which carry key information on rock properties and hydrocarbon fluid presence, should be heavily utilized to optimize reservoir penetration to target and achieve the desired outcome. In this paper, seismic amplitudes and acoustic impedance are visualized as powerful tools to recognize porous reservoir sections in gas-filled massive carbonate build-up to direct well trajectory to reservoir sweet spots in horizontal drilling. A horizontal infill well was proposed to further develop the mature carbonate field in offshore North Madura, targeting the Kujung-I reservoir. The well was designed to have a horizontal section in the carbonate reservoir target to optimize the gas production rate. However, due to the prognosed low contrast in the thick and clean carbonate that was initially thought to be of a homogenous character, the geo-steering tool originally planned to guide the horizontal well section was not deployed. Therefore, the drilling campaign was dominantly guided by the seismic analysis adjacent to all available real-time logging data. Seismic qualitative and quantitative approaches were conducted to observe the relationship between seismic and reservoir properties in the offshore North Madura carbonate field. Qualitatively, the DSTs and log data achieved a good correlation with the seismic bright spot and were further confirmed throughout the study by the results of Simultaneous Seismic Inversion. Moreover, well sensitivity analysis indicated that the Kujung-I reservoir had a good porosity trend with respect to the Acoustic Impedance (Inverted Zp). As a result, through the application of seismic attribute analysis in conjunction with Seismic Inversion and available real-time logging data, the well successfully reached TD in the targeted zone. Due to the horizontal section having penetrated and landed in the Kujung-1 section with good reservoir properties guided by the seismic attribute, the well achieved high production flow rate.
The Neogene in Indonesia: The Most Important Period of Geologic Evolution and Formation of Petroleum Resources
Authors: Satyana A.H
Published: March 2023

The Neogene (23 – 2.6 Ma, including Miocene and Pliocene epochs) is a very important period for Indonesian geology. In this period Indonesia got its present configuration and became the main time controlling the geological setting for the occurrences of energy and mineral resources, as well as geologic disasters. There are important differences in the geological evolution of the Neogene between the western and eastern parts of Indonesia. In Western Indonesia, the outline of the evolution is that transgression occurred in all basins with maximum transgression occurred by the end of early Miocene. Then followed by compression and inversion tectonic events as well as regressive sedimentation from the mid-Miocene to the Pliocene in Sumatra, Natuna, Java basins; while deltaic sedimentation characterized the period in eastern Borneo basins. Volcanism became an important element in the Neogene for Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda. In Eastern Indonesia, during the Miocene there was drifting of terranes and their syn-drifting sedimentation, then the terranes collided and were fragmented in the Miocene-Pliocene followed by the formation of regional strike-slip faults, subduction rollback, and the opening of the Banda Sea. The period was also characterized by post-collision molassic sedimentation into the foreland basins. These geological events strongly controlled the petroleum system in every basin in Western and Eastern Indonesia. Although some elements of the petroleum system are Paleogene or Pre-Cenozoic in ages, most of the petroleum system processes associated with final trap formation, petroleum generation, migration, accumulation, and preservation of accumulation occurred in the Neogene. The deltaic basins of Kutai and Tarakan in Western Indonesia and the carbonate basins in Eastern Indonesia (Salawati and Banggai) have their proven petroleum system elements and processes within the Neogene period. Thus, studying the geological evolution and its implications for the petroleum system in the Neogene is very important. The knowledge of this can be applied particularly to less explored basins in Indonesia which are geologically analogue to the productive basins.
The Arang Petroleum Play in The West Natuna Basin: A New Perspective From Geochemical Study and Petroleum System Modelling
Authors: Kusdiantoro F.
Published: March 2023

One of the main producing gas reservoirs in the Medco E&P Natuna Ltd.’s (Medco E&P) operated South Natuna Sea Block B PSC (Block B) is the shallow Miocene Arang Formation (Arang reservoir or Arang). The main characteristics of the Arang gas is the dominance of the dry component. The previous understanding was that the gas was generated from the Arang intra-formational shale source rock. An integrated geochemical and regional 3D petroleum system model has been conducted over the Block B area. This effort suggests that the main contributing source rock to the Arang reservoir is in fact the syn-rift Belut Formation. The study also aimed at locating the potential areas for primary microbial gas accumulation in the Arang reservoir, especially where traps are not connected to thermogenic kitchens. The results of composition analysis from producing Arang gas show variable compositions from dry gas only to gas with small amount of oil. Gas wetness appears to increase with proximity to thermogenic kitchen. The carbon isotope values of the gas fraction in the Arang reservoir suggests mainly a thermogenic gas origin with additional primary microbial gas characterized by much lighter Carbon isotope ratios. This study concludes that the thermogenic Arang gas originate from multiple source rocks with various maturity levels ranging from early to late maturity stage, mixed with some paleo biogenic gas. The Belut source rock has reached an adequate maturity level to generate gas in some sub-basins such as the Bawal, Belanak and Belut Grabens. Despite Arang has reached early to peak maturity oil window in Block B, the low expulsion value disregards the Arang as a key contributor for hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in Block B. The majority of the discoveries and producing gas fields from the Arang reservoir are located above the mature Belut Kitchen. The fact that there are some Arang discoveries away from mature kitchen suggest that lateral migration also occurred within the Arang.. Complex vertical and lateral migration-remigration process within the Arang is a result of interplay between continuous structural growth and possible seal integrity change during the syn-inversion period.
Reservoir Characterizations of Pre-Tertiary Basement Fracture and Its Implication to The Production Behavior. A Case Study of Pase Field North Sumatra Basin Indonesia
Authors: Ardhie M. N
Published: March 2023

Pase field is located within the Pase Block in the onshore of North Sumatra Basin. Gas was discovered in 1983 by the Pase A-1 exploration well. The field has been producing from Tertiary sediment and pre-Tertiary basement fracture reservoir since 1998. The objective of this study is to examine the reservoir characteristic of pre-Tertiary basement fracture and its implication to production behaviors of the Pase field. Pase reservoir covers an area of 6.672 in acres and contains gas column in excess of 300 feet. The geology of the area is situated on the southwestern flank of the Lhok Sukon high where tectonic is strongly influences fracture occurrences. Reservoirs fracture were analyzed using wide range of data sets ranging from seismic, well and production test. Geocellular modeling is generated and incorporated with curvature surface to describe the relationship between the degree of curvature surface and fracture intensity. Reservoirs pore space occurs both in matrix and fractures which is predominantly with low porosity. Whereas, permeability is highly variable, higher in fracture but lower in matrix. Linier correlation has been observed among fracture intensity, porosity, permeability, and degree of curvature surface. The higher the curvature degree, the higher fracture intensity, and the better the porosity is. It is confirmed by the Pase A-1, Pase A-5 and Pase A-6ST2 well location. Those production wells situated near to the axis of fault related folding where the extensional fracture may possibly swarm. To date cumulative production up to190 BCF and continue flowing. The study reveals that the Tertiary sedimentary cover and the pre-Tertiary basement have been fractured where fracture deliver significant gas production. Production profile suggests that an initial steep decline derived from fracture production, while lesser decline may attribute to the matrix production. The successes of pre-Tertiary basement fractured reservoir have driven an insight of basement fracture potentiality within the Arun and Lhok Sukon high corridor.
Machine Learning and Deep Learning for Digitizing Scanned Images of Seismic Reflection Data
Authors: Abdullah A.
Published: March 2023

We present the use of Machine Learning algorithm of K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Deep Learning algorithm of Artificial Neural Network for converting scanned images of seismic reflection data into digital seismic format. Digital seismic data format provides more flexibility for users to implement seismic processing algorithms like de-noising, enhancement and converting it into standard format, namely SEGY for further analysis such as seismic interpretation and seismic attributes generation. Varieties of seismic image in color density representation with different color maps and conventional wiggle display have been tested. Digitizing color density image consists of three main steps: recognizing Red-Green-Blue (RGB) representation in each pixel, creating a look-up table of RGB amplitude and substitute the RGB with a color that falls within the color-scale's dynamic range. Meanwhile, the approach is slightly different for image with wiggles representation. Several images’ attributes such as gradients and edge gradients are generated for better input uniqueness against known target amplitudes during model establishment. This pre-trained model is then used for predicting seismic amplitudes at specific pixel location in respect to a set of image attributes.The outcome of the conversion shows promising results. A qualitative interpretation for similarity check between input and output in terms of seismic events, horizon, faults, stratigraphy and other geological/geophysical features are used to validate the quality of digitized images.
Damage Mechanism Analysis and Risk Assessment of Pressure Vessel Absorber, LP Flash Column, Rich Solution Heater at CO2 Removal Plant Unit
Authors: Leuvinadrie L.P.
Published: March 2023

Field-X is one of the largest gas contributors, where gas customers are companies that contribute to the sustainability of the economy. X-field natural gas has a high CO2 content of 23%, the CO2 removal operation is intended to reduce the CO2 content so that it has a high heating value. This is because CO2 with levels> 5% can affect the heating value gas, toxicity and is very corrosive, especially for customers to further process the product. In the gas purification process in field X, the Absorber pressure vessel, LP Flash Column and Rich Solution heater have a major role in the CO2 absorption process. The analysis results show that the actual damage mechanism of the pressure vessel with the standard amine treating on API RP 571 has a difference, especially the damage mechanism of amine corrosion in the three pressure vessels and chloride stress corrosion cracking on the LP Flash Column. The highest corrosion rate value is 0.604 mm / year in 2020 due to an increase in the amount of HCO3- in the form of acid condensation (HSAS) which can react with Fe due to changes in process temperature through the corrosion rate model Y = -0.0556x + 4,6359 (head) and Y = -0.0161x + 1.3682 (shell) in the pressure vessel. From the criticality matrix, there are 2 pressure vessels at the risk rating for medium and 1 pressure vessel for high medium, so that the inspection / maintenance response that needs to be done is corrective maintenance at intervals every 6 years and the scope of the inspection is in the medium category. Polynomial model Y = 0.0007X2 - 0.0099X + 3,7452 (head) and Y = 0.0005X2 - 0.0842X + 3,3876 (shell) as a prediction model for amine corrosion rate at temperatures ranging from 40 to 1300C shows the difference in the graph between the actual and the API RP 581 standard is because the prediction standard of corrosion rate is used for amine treating in H2S and CO2 systems while the actual polynomial graph is used for prediction of corrosion rate for amine treating in CO2 system without H2S.
Key Success Factors of Women's Empowerment Program - A Case Study From Prima* Group in Bojonegoro Regency
Authors: Romas H.A
Published: March 2023

Women’s empowerment in the economy is fundamental to global economic recovery. Women play a very central role in family life which has multiplier effects and contributes significantly to economic growth and development. Women's empowerment is a strategic way to increase women's potential and roles in both public and domestic domains. The implementation of empowerment program needs to be carried out continuously with structured mentoring and supervision from supporting parties. This study aims to evaluate the impact of PRIMA program on women's empowerment from social and economic aspects, analyze how partner and the Company could maintain key success factors, how the Company obtains the Social License to Operate (SLO) of the beneficiaries and how the learning outcomes from the program influence the Company's decisions for the next community development program. The research used qualitative and quantitative approaches to analyze the results obtained from questionnaires and interviews which indicated that the professionalism of partner had a positive impact on women's empowerment in social and economic aspects. Key success factors in empowering women are highly dependent on the characteristics of the beneficiaries and support groups in addition to level of competencies acquired through training and market availability. Implementing strategy of Relationship Management Plan (RMP) by the Company has been proven to be effective in obtaining SLO from the community and other relevant stakeholders. Partner selection and market commitment become an important lesson for the Company to achieve a high level of program acceptance from beneficiaries. The success of the program provides a strong foundation to continue integrated efforts building the independence of women's groups and the community of Bojonegoro Regency as well as reference bases for Company’s Best Practices.
Evaluation of Tight Injectivity for Sand Consolidation Treatment: A Study Case in Mahakam
Authors: Permatasari F.I.
Published: March 2023

Most shallow reservoirs with unconsolidated formation have a higher possibility of sand production, which hinders the oil and gas production process and damages the production facility because of erosion. Chemical sand consolidation (SCON) is one sand control method needed to strengthen the formation by injecting a mix of chemical components as a binding agent, pore retaining agent, and curing agent into the target formation. But, to achieve an efficient injection, an injectivity test must be done to determine a safe injection rate that will not exceed the fracture pressure and will not affect sand failure because of non-uniformity of the treatment distribution. This study evaluates the previous SCON wells in the Mahakam block with poor injectivity results and forecasted to be not workable for chemical injection because of bottomhole pressure exceeding fracture pressure from the high fluid viscosity. This study examined case studies from the last 4 years in mitigating injectivity problems and from the data made a comparison in determining the best remedial action. The novelty of this study is in redefining the operation envelope of sand consolidation treatment in terms of injectivity results. Issues in injectivity should not jeopardize production in unconsolidated formation since it can be mitigated properly and still result in a positive economic contribution.
Mini LNG Strategy in East Indonesia to Support 12 BSCFD National Gas Production Target, A Comparative Study With Solar and Batteries
Authors: Arifany A.S
Published: March 2023

The Indonesian government has set the target for national gas production to 12 BSCFD by 2030. Mini liquified natural gas (LNG) could be the solution by liquifying the natural gas produced in East Indonesia that is likely to have future potential reserve from new exploration and production. The distribution of natural gas from East Indonesia by pipeline infrastructure is constrained by the complex geographical condition and insufficient infrastructure. The objective of this paper is to highlight a concept of mini-LNG strategy to overcome the distribution barrier of gas in East Indonesia to increase natural gas utilization in Indonesia and compare such concept with solar and battery as energy alternatives. As a methodology, a techno-economic analysis is used to compare gas liquefaction plants and LNG storage built near the gas source with solar and battery. Typically, LNG terminals for regasification and pipelines for distribution are installed near the consumer area. The natural gas from the source is liquified and transported to the consumer area in the form of liquified gas by LNG ships, then the regasified gas is distributed to the end-consumer via pipelines. As for baseline scenario, natural gas source in East Indonesia is predicted to have 145.5 TCF of natural gas. A study has projected Indonesia’s LNG consumption to be more than 700 MMSCFD from 2020 to 2029 in comparison with solar and battery. The development of mini-LNG maybe the alternative energy source for remote areas that have no installed electricity and use generators, which could save US$5.4 million by replacing the diesel feedstock for the generators. Mini LNG plants development on a large scale could support the government’s plan to produce 12 BSCFD of natural gas by 2030.
Comparative Study on Fixed-Price Contract Versus Incentive-Based Contract in Indonesia’s Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Salomo S.
Published: March 2023

The commonly used fixed-price contract in the oil and gas industry is experiencing lots of problems because of high expenditures and low productivity. This paper conducts a comparative study of the uncommon incentive-based contract and the common fixed-price contract. The contracts are modelled with 20 parameters composed of fixed-price contract parameters and additionally time correction parameters and production rate parameters for the incentive-based contract. A Monte Carlo Simulation is conducted to expand the limited production data into 1000 cases with several baseline parameters. The preference for the two contracts will be illustrated with analytical equations and graphical illustrations. The study’s findings show that the operator and service provider prefer the incentive-based contract to the fixed-price contract, as the latter contract brings greater profit to both parties. Hence, the main practical challenges of high expenditures, such as monitoring, coordination, moral hazard, and adverse selection, can be minimized by applying this solution.