bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Process Control and Quality in Amorphous Solid Dispersions Using In-Line UV–Vis Monitoring of L* as a Real-Time Response
Authors: Bezerra Mariana , Almeida Juan , de Castro Matheus , Grootveld Martin , Schlindwein Walkiria
Published: January 2025

Background: This study demonstrates the application of the sequential design of experiments (DoE) approach within the quality by design (QbD) framework to optimize extrusion processes through screening, optimization, and robustness testing. Methods: An in-line UV–Vis process analytical technology (PAT) system was successfully employed to monitor critical quality attributes (CQAs) of piroxicam amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) extrusion products, specifically lightness (L*). Results: L* measurement proved highly effective for ensuring the quality and uniformity of ASDs, offering real-time insights into their physical appearance and process stability. Small variations in L* acted as early indicators of processing issues, such as phase separation or bubble formation, enabling timely intervention. This straightforward and rapid technique supports real-time process monitoring and control, allowing automated adjustments to maintain product consistency and quality. By adopting this strategy, manufacturers can minimize variability, reduce waste, and ensure adherence to quality target product profiles (QTPPs). Conclusions: Overall, this study highlights the value of in-line UV–Vis spectroscopy as a PAT tool in hot melt extrusion, enhancing CQA assessment and advancing the efficiency and reliability of ASD manufacturing.
Shedding Light on the Proteinaceous Envelope Protecting Luminescent Gold Nanoclusters: A Review
Authors: Wacławska Matylda , Dzwolak Wojciech
Published: January 2025

Atomically precise noble metal nanoclusters protected by ligands are broadly discussed in the literature as a promising new class of materials with many interesting properties. Of those, the most prominent is the characteristic luminescence in the visible and near-infrared light. Within the plethora of conjugates of metal nanoclusters to various protective ligands, protein-enveloped systems present several unique features arising from an interplay of the nanocluster photophysics and the protein chemistry along its macromolecular dynamics. The specific properties of protein–metal nanocluster conjugates underlie various applications of these systems, especially in bioimaging. This review, in contrast to many already published, focuses on protein-protected gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) from the standpoint of the proteinaceous shell which plays a crucial role in the biocompatibility, solubility, and excellent in-solution stability of such nanohybrid complexes. Factors such as the protein’s size, structural rigidity, amino acid composition, electric charge, and the electron donor properties of composite amino acids are discussed.
Artificial Neural Networks for the Simulation and Modeling of the Adsorption of Fluoride Ions with Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Estrada-Moreno Julio Cesar , Rendón-Lara Eréndira , Jiménez-Núñez María de la Luz , Salazar Rábago Jacob Josafat
Published: January 2025

Adsorption is a complex process since it is affected by multiple variables related to the physicochemical properties of the adsorbate, the adsorbent and the interface; therefore, to understand the adsorption process in batch systems, kinetics, isotherms empiric models are commonly used. On the other hand, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have proven to be useful in solving a wide variety of complex problems in science and engineering due to their combination of computational efficiency and precision in the results; for this reason, in recent years, ANNs have begun to be used for describing adsorption processes. In this work, we present an ANN model of the adsorption of fluoride ions in water with layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and its comparison with empirical kinetic adsorption models. LHD was synthesized and characterized using X-Ray diffraction, FT-Infrared spectroscopy, BET analyses and zero point of charge. Fluoride ion adsorption was evaluated under different experimental conditions, including contact time, initial pH and initial fluoride ion concentration. A total of 262 experiments were conducted, and the resulting data were used for training and testing the ANN model. The results indicate that the ANN can accurately forecast the adsorption conditions with a determination coefficient R2 of 0.9918.
Degradable Semi-Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin for Recyclable Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials
Authors: Li Kai , Wang Zhonggang
Published: January 2025

The development of an energy-saving method to recycle expensive carbon fibers (CFs) from end-of-life thermosetting resin-based CF-reinforced composites (CFRCs) is strongly desired because of the environmental and economic issues. The replacement of traditional thermosetting matrixes with controllably degradable epoxy resins provides a promising solution to this challenging task. In this work, a liquid acetal-containing semi-cycloaliphatic epoxy resin (H-ER) is designed and synthesized. After curing, H-ER shows simultaneously increased thermal stability, shearing strength, flexural strength, strain at break, and critical stress intensity factors by 126%, 26.5%, 17.0%, and 29.5%, respectively, in comparison with ERL-4221. Particularly, the cured H-ER is sufficiently resistant to organic solvents, bases, and weak acids but degrades rapidly in a modestly strong acidic aqueous solution, and the rate of degradation is controlled by modulating the acidity. GC-MS and FTIR spectra demonstrate that the degradation is indeed due to the cleavage of acetal linkages in the network, and the degradation-generated benzaldehyde may be reused as a raw material for the synthesis of the H-ER resin. More importantly, for the CFRCs using H-ER as a matrix, the CFs are readily recovered without detectable damage and are able to be recycled for CFRC fabrication.
Multi-Scale Characterization of Reservoir Space Features in Yueman Area of Fuman Oilfield in Tarim Basin
Authors: Zhang Yintao , Lin Chengyan , Ren Lihua , Sun Chong , Li Jing , Zhao Xingyu , Wu Mingyang
Published: January 2025

Reservoir space characteristics are the key to reservoir evaluation and the evaluation of reservoir capacity. The reservoir space of fracture-vuggy carbonate reservoirs is complex and diverse, and it develops from micro to macro. There is a lack of systematic study on the reservoir space of the Ordovician fracture-vuggy carbonate reservoir. Therefore, taking the Ordovician Yijianfang Formation in Yueman Block of Fuman Oilfield in Tarim Basin as an example, the microscopic reservoir space characteristics of the study area were characterized by rock thin section identification, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-pressure mercury injection, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiments, and the macroscopic reservoir space characteristics of the study area were characterized by core observation, drilling and logging data, and imaging logging data. The results showed that (1) the lithology of the Ordovician Yijianfang Formation in the Yueman area of Fuman Oilfield is mainly micrite and sparry grain limestone. The mineral composition is mainly calcite, accounting for 97.35%, containing a small amount of quartz and dolomite, accounting for 1.1% and 1.55%, respectively. (2) At the micro level, the reservoir space of Yijianfang Formation in Yueman Block is not developed in primary pores, mainly having developed dissolution pores, structural fractures, and pressure solution fractures, and the pore size is distributed from the nanometer to micron scale. (3) The dissolution caves in the study area are developed at the macro level, mainly including pore-type, cave-type, fracture-pore-type, and fracture-type reservoirs. The research results provide technical support for the accurate evaluation of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs and the improvement of exploration and development effects.
Techno-Economic Assessment of Biogas-to-Methanol Processes Coupled with Low-Carbon H2 Production Technologies
Authors: Yang Yang , Fan Jiayu , Zhang Leiyu , Gao Ruxing , Zhang Chundong
Published: January 2025

In order to realize carbon mitigation and the efficient utilization of waste biogas, the biogas-to-methanol process is an important method. The syngas produced by the conventional biogas reforming technology is rich in CO2 and CO, whereas it is poor in hydrogen. Therefore, additional H2 is introduced into the system to adjusted the syngas ratio, promoting the efficient conversion of the biogas. However, the use of traditional H2 production technologies generally results in considerable carbon emissions. Given these points, low-carbon H2 production technologies, namely methane pyrolysis technology and chemical looping reforming technology, are integrated with the biogas-to-methanol process to enhance carbon conversion, carbon reduction, and cost-saving potentials. Comprehensive technical and economic comparisons of the integrated processes are conducted. The process coupled with chemical looping reforming technology has a higher carbon conversion efficiency (73.52%) and energy efficiency (70.41%), and lower unit carbon emissions (0.73 t CO2/t methanol). Additionally, the process coupled with methane pyrolysis technology has higher product revenue, whereas that including chemical looping reforming technology has a lower net production cost (571.33 USD/t methanol). In summary, the novel chemical looping reforming technology provides a cleaner and more sustainable pathway with which to promote the efficient conversion of biogas into methanol.
How Evangelicals Do Theology
Authors: Dunlop Sarah Lynn Bowers
Published: January 2025

This article explores the question, ‘What is distinctive about doing theology as an evangelical?’ It takes an autoethnographic approach, recounting how this practical theologian has wrestled with how evangelical conviction should shape the stance for practicing theology. This article will work with the findings of the writer’s own empirical studies to develop an argument for how two stances create a distinctively evangelical practice of interpretation. First, the stance of biblicism is explored in terms of how it functions for evangelicals carrying out theological reflection. Second, the article discusses how evangelicals practice theology as though divine revelation is on-going, as Andrew Root writes, ‘Jesus still does stuff’ (2014). This leads to a stance of expectancy that God is still at work in the world and ‘talks back’. This article concludes that the implication of the stances means that practicing theology entails hermeneutics and research which decentralize the self.
Near-Time Measurement of Aerosol Optical Depth and Black Carbon Concentration at Socheongcho Ocean Research Station: Aerosol Episode Case Analysis
Authors: Ahn Soi , Lee Meehye , Kim Hyeon-Su , Sohn Eun-ha , Jeong Jin-Yong
Published: January 2025

This study examined the seasonal variations and influencing factors for black carbon (BC) concentrations and aerosol optical depth (AOD) at the Socheongcho Ocean Research Station (SORS) on the Korean Peninsula from July 2019 to December 2020. An AOD algorithm was developed and validated using the Geo-KOMPSAT-2A (GK-2A) satellite. The GK-2A AOD demonstrated comparable performance to that of Low Earth Orbit satellites, including the Terra/MODIS (R2 = 0.86), Aqua/MODIS (R2 = 0.83), and AERONET AODs (R2 = 0.85). Multi-angle absorption photometry revealed that seasonal average BC concentrations were the highest in winter (0.91 ± 0.80 µg·m−3), followed by fall (0.80 ± 0.66 µg·m−3), wet summer (0.75 ± 0.55 µg·m−3), and dry summer (0.52 ± 0.20 µg·m−3). The seasonal average GK-2A AOD was higher in wet summer (0.45 ± 0.37 µg·m−3) than in winter. The effects of meteorological parameters, AERONET AOD wavelength, and gaseous substances on GK-2A AOD and BC were investigated. The SHapley Additive exPlanations-based feature importance analysis for GK-2A AOD identified temperature, relative humidity (RH), and evaporation as major contributors. BC concentrations were increased, along with PM2.5 and CO levels, due to the effects of combustion processes during fall and winter. Analysis of high-aerosol-loading cases revealed an increase in the fine-mode fraction, emphasizing the meteorological effects on GK-2A AOD. Thus, long-range transport and local BC sources played a critical role at the SORS.
Improving the Accuracy of Forest Structure Analysis by Consumer-Grade UAV Photogrammetry Through an Innovative Approach to Mitigate Lens Distortion Effects
Authors: Fakhri Arvin , Latifi Hooman , Mohammadi Samani Kyumars , Fassnacht Fabian Ewald
Published: January 2025

The generation of aerial and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based 3D point clouds in forests and their subsequent structural analysis, including tree delineation and modeling, pose multiple technical challenges that are partly raised by the calibration of non-metric cameras mounted on UAVs. We present a novel method to deal with this problem for forest structure analysis by photogrammetric 3D modeling, particularly in areas with complex textures and varying levels of tree canopy cover. Our proposed method selects various subsets of a camera’s interior orientation parameters (IOPs), generates a dense point cloud for each, and then synthesizes these models to form a combined model. We hypothesize that this combined model can provide a superior representation of tree structure than a model calibrated with an optimal subset of IOPs alone. The effectiveness of our methodology was evaluated in sites across a semi-arid forest ecosystem, known for their diverse crown structures and varied canopy density due to a traditional pruning method known as pollarding. The results demonstrate that the enhanced model outperformed the standard models by 23% and 37% in both site- and tree-based metrics, respectively, and can therefore be suggested for further applications in forest structural analysis based on consumer-grade UAV data.
Rice Yield Prediction Based on Simulation Zone Partitioning and Dual-Variable Hierarchical Assimilation
Authors: He Jiaoyang , Zhao Yanxi , He Ping , Yu Minglei , Zhu Yan , Cao Weixing , Zhang Xiaohu , Tian Yongchao
Published: January 2025

Data assimilation can be used to predict crop yield by coupling remote sensing information with the crop growth model, but it often grapples with the challenge of enhancing the computational efficiency for the integrated model. To address this issue, particularly in regional-scale studies, simulation zone partitioning can offer a viable solution to improve computational efficiency. In this study, we first extracted high-resolution rice planting areas in Jiangsu Province (JP), then conducted simulation zone partitioning in JP based on the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm (FCM) combined with soil data, meteorological indices, and EVI. Finally, the hierarchical assimilation system was developed by using phenology and leaf area index (LAI) as state variables to predict rice yield in JP. The results showed that the coefficient of variation (CV) of the small subregion after simulation zone partitioning obtained by using FCM was less than the overall CV of each subregion at different period. Compared with a single assimilation system that only used LAI as the state variable (R2 was between 0.33 and 0.35, NRMSE was between 9.08 and 10.94%), the predicted yield of the hierarchical assimilation system (R2 was between 0.44 and 0.51, NRMSE was between 7.23 and 8.44%) was in better agreement with the statistic yield. The research findings can provide technical support for the prediction of rice yield at the regional scale.
Exploring the Link Between Motor Functions and the Relative Use of the More Affected Arm in Adults with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Poitras Isabelle , Clouâtre Jade , Campeau-Lecours Alexandre , Mercier Catherine
Published: January 2025

Individuals with hemiparetic cerebral palsy (CP) exhibit reduced use of their more affected (MA) arm, yet the factors that influence its use during activities of daily living remain elusive. The objectives of this study were to describe the relative use of the MA arm during an ecological task, examine its relationship with the level of impairment, and investigate its association with performance in various unilateral and bilateral tasks. Methods: Participants took part in two sessions comprising robotic assessments and clinical assessments of motor functions, as well as accelerometry measurement during kitchen tasks. Four variables were derived from accelerometry data. Stepwise regression analyses were used to identify the best contributors to the accelerometry variables among robotic and clinical assessments. Results: Nineteen adults with CP (34.3 years old ± 11.5; MACS I = 7, II = 6, III = 6) were included. The Use Ratio measured during the kitchen tasks ranged between 0.10 and 0.63. The best predictors of all accelerometry metrics were two bilateral assessments (r2 = 0.23–0.64). Conclusions: The importance of assessing bilateral tasks was reaffirmed by the key role played by two bilateral tasks in determining the relative use of the MA arm. The results support the use of intensity-based accelerometry metrics to measure MA arm use.
Aluminum Reservoir Welding Surface Defect Detection Method Based on Three-Dimensional Vision
Authors: Huang Hanjie , Zhou Bin , Cao Songxiao , Song Tao , Xu Zhipeng , Jiang Qing
Published: January 2025

Welding is an important process in the production of aluminum reservoirs for motor vehicles. The welding quality affects product performance. However, rapid and accurate detection of weld surface defects remains a huge challenge in the field of industrial automation. To address this problem, we proposed a 3D vision-based aluminum reservoir welding surface defect detection method. First of all, a scanning system based on laser line scanning camera was constructed to acquire the point cloud data of weld seams on the aluminum reservoir surface. Next, a planar correction algorithm was used to adjust the slope of the contour line according to the slope of the contour line in order to minimize the effect of systematic disturbances when acquiring weld data. Then, the surface features of the weld, including curvature and normal vector direction, were extracted to extract holes, craters, and undercut defects. For better extraction of the defect, a double-aligned template matching method was used to ensure comprehensive extraction and measurement of defect areas. Finally, the detected defects were categorized according to their morphology. Experimental results show that the proposed method using 3D laser scanning data can detect and classify typical welding defects with an accuracy of more than 97.1%. Furthermore, different types of defects, including holes, undercuts, and craters, can also be accurately detected with precision 98.9%.
Activity and Behavioral Recognition Using Sensing Technology in Persons with Parkinson’s Disease or Dementia: An Umbrella Review of the Literature
Authors: Boyle Lydia D. , Giriteka Lionel , Marty Brice , Sandgathe Lucas , Haugarvoll Kristoffer , Steihaug Ole Martin , Husebo Bettina S. , Patrascu Monica
Published: January 2025

Background: With a progressively aging global population, the prevalence of Parkinson’s Disease and dementia will increase, thus multiplying the healthcare burden worldwide. Sensing technology can complement the current measures used for symptom management and monitoring. The aim of this umbrella review is to provide future researchers with a synthesis of the current methodologies and metrics of sensing technologies for the management and monitoring of activities and behavioral symptoms in older adults with neurodegenerative disease. This is of key importance when considering the rapid obsolescence of and potential for future implementation of these technologies into real-world healthcare settings. Methods: Seven medical and technical databases were searched for systematic reviews (2018–2024) that met our inclusion/exclusion criteria. Articles were screened independently using Rayyan. PRISMA guidelines, the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews, and the Johanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews were utilized for the assessment of bias, quality, and research synthesis. A narrative synthesis combines the study findings. Results: After screening 1458 articles, 9 systematic reviews were eligible for inclusion, synthesizing 402 primary studies. This umbrella review reveals that the use of sensing technologies for the observation and management of activities and behavioral symptoms is promising, however diversely applied, heterogenous in the methods used, and currently challenging to apply within clinical settings. Conclusions: Human activity and behavioral recognition requires true interdisciplinary collaborations between engineering, data science, and healthcare domains. The standardization of metrics, ethical AI development, and a culture of research-friendly technology and support are the next crucial developments needed for this rising field.
MINDPRES: A Hybrid Prototype System for Comprehensive Data Protection in the User Layer of the Mobile Cloud
Authors: Ogwara Noah Oghenefego , Petrova Krassie , Yang Mee Loong (Bobby) , MacDonell Stephen G.
Published: January 2025

Mobile cloud computing (MCC) is a technological paradigm for providing services to mobile device (MD) users. A compromised MD may cause harm to both its user and to other MCC customers. This study explores the use of machine learning (ML) models and stochastic methods for the protection of Android MDs connected to the mobile cloud. To test the validity and feasibility of the proposed models and methods, the study adopted a proof-of-concept approach and developed a prototype system named MINDPRESS. The static component of MINDPRES assesses the risk of the apps installed on the MD. It uses a device-based ML model for static feature analysis and a cloud-based stochastic risk evaluator. The device-based hybrid component of MINDPRES monitors app behavior in real time. It deploys two ML models and functions as an intrusion detection and prevention system (IDPS). The performance evaluation results of the prototype showed that the accuracy achieved by the methods for static and hybrid risk evaluation compared well with results reported in recent work. Power consumption data indicated that MINDPRES did not create an overload. This study contributes a feasible and scalable framework for building distributed systems for the protection of the data and devices of MCC customers.
Neural Network Prediction of Locomotive Engine Parameters Based on the Dung Beetle Optimization Algorithm and Multi-Objective Optimization of Engine Operating Parameters
Authors: Dong Aiqi , Liu Lijuan , Zhao Chunce , Guan Ying
Published: January 2025

Altitude has a significant impact on the power and emissions of diesel engines. This paper combines neural network prediction models with artificial intelligence-based multi-objective optimization algorithms to analyze the performance of internal combustion engines for plateau dual-source locomotives operating at different altitudes. The study focuses on the altitude range based on the Laji Line and selects decision variables and output objectives that significantly affect diesel engine performance for joint optimization. First, the diesel engine is simulated and modeled using GT-Power to generate the required dataset. Then, a random sampling method is applied to generate a dataset of 400 operating points from the simulation model. The experimental results show that the neural network prediction model optimized by the DBO algorithm achieves correlation coefficients above 95%. Finally, the NSGA-II algorithm is used for multi-objective optimization. The optimization results indicate that the proposed intelligent optimization method significantly improves the performance of the diesel engine under different altitude conditions, confirming the effectiveness and potential of artificial intelligence optimization algorithms in diesel engine optimization.
Editorial: Cultural Differences and Migrant Mental Health in the Age of COVID-19
Authors: Konstantinov Vsevolod , Ramírez Coronel Andrés Alexis
Published: January 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020–2023 has become a worldwide tragedy [...]
Effect of Wet, Hemi-Solid, and Solid-State Conditions and Substrate to Inoculum Ratio on Methane Production from Sugarcane Bagasse
Authors: Edwiges Thiago , Kaparaju Prasad
Published: January 2025

Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) constitutes up to 28% of the weight of crushed sugarcane, with significant potential for bioenergy production. Solid-state anaerobic digestion with total solids (TSs) over 15% is an interesting technology that can be used to treat agricultural wastes such as SCB, resulting in smaller reactor sizes and lower water consumption. This study investigates methane production from SCB under wet (10% TS), hemi-solid (15% TS), and solid-state (20% TS) anaerobic digestion with substrate-to-inoculum ratios (SIR) of 1, 2, 3, and 4. Batch experiments were conducted under mesophilic conditions (37 °C) to evaluate methane yields, volumetric methane productivity, and kinetic parameters. Results revealed that the highest methane yields—125, 115, and 106 L CH4 kg VS−1—were achieved for wet, hemi-solid, and solid-state digestion, respectively. Despite similar methane yields across TS conditions, volumetric methane productivities increased by 118% and 128% from hemi-slid and solid-state digestion, demonstrating their potential for scaling up in commercial biogas plants. The first-order kinetic model best-predicted methane production (R2 > 0.984), with hydrolysis identified as the limiting step (Khyd ≤ 0.05 d−1). These findings highlight the advantages of solid-state anaerobic digestion for lignocellulosic feedstocks like SCB, contributing to bioenergy sustainability and the circular economy.
Good Practices of Food Banks in Spain: Contribution to Sustainable Development from the CFS-RAI Principles
Authors: Acosta Mereles María Leticia , Mur Nuño Carlos , Stratta Fernández Ricardo Rubén , Chenet Manuel Enrique
Published: January 2025

The Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems (CFS-RAI) are suitable standards for contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the area of sound consumption and sustainable food. In this context, food banks have demonstrated their significant role in supporting vulnerable groups and reducing food waste through the implementation of various projects and activities. This study identifies and classifies the good practices of 54 food banks that comprise the Spanish Federation of Food Banks (FESBAL). The methodology applied was based on the Working with People model, integrating a social and collaborative learning process based on the accumulated experience of food banks over 35 years. The analysis was carried out based on four dimensions of sustainability, namely social, economic, environmental, and governance, in alignment with the CFS-RAI Principles. The results obtained show the good practices of food banks, highlighting their positive effects on the dimensions of sustainability, consistent with the CFS-RAI Principles, and the SDGs, evidencing improved food security and a holistic contribution to sustainable development.
When “More” Is “Too Much”—A Study on Tourists’ Perception Regarding Beach Restoration in Mamaia on the Romanian Black Sea Coast
Authors: Jugănaru Mariana , Jugănaru Ion Dănuț , Moraru Andreea-Daniela , Duhnea Cristina
Published: January 2025

Coastal erosion affects all coastal areas with different intensities, and its effects may be severe. This is the case of the Black Sea sandy beaches on the Romanian coast, where the beaches have been used for tourism since the mid-19th century. In 2012, a project was launched to reduce erosion and protect the Romanian Black Sea coast from its destructive effects. By the 2021 tourist season, the completed works in Mamaia resort resulted in beaches exceeding, in some cases, 300 m in width. However, while these efforts successfully curtailed erosion, they also brought unintended consequences. The imported coarse sand and increased seawater depth canceled the resort’s traditional advantages, raising concerns among both tourists and local stakeholders. The purpose of our article was twofold—to present the case of the Mamaia resort and the expansion works conducted and to present the results of an exploratory study highlighting the tourists’ perceptions regarding the beach extensions, as well as their motivations, preferences, and expectations for the development of a modern beach. Our results suggest that while the beach extension works were necessary and long-awaited, they inadvertently caused dissatisfaction among tourists, leading to shifts in tourist flows and financial losses for local tourism operators. Data visualization techniques were employed to explore the complex relationships between tourist satisfaction with the extension works (in both 2021 and 2022) and factors influencing their comfort and overall experience. Additionally, the extraction of millions of cubic meters of sediment for the extensions disrupted marine habitats, raising ecological concerns. Future coastal protection efforts should balance erosion mitigation, ecological sustainability, and tourism needs by adopting environmentally sensitive methods, preserving marine ecosystems, and engaging stakeholders to align projects with tourists’ expectations, thus ensuring the long-term viability of popular tourist destinations like Mamaia.
Hyers–Ulam–Rassias Stability of Functional Equations with Integrals in B-Metric Frameworks
Authors: Jakhar Jagjeet , Sharma Shalu , Jakhar Jyotsana , Yousif Majeed Ahmad , Mohammed Pshtiwan Othman , Chorfi Nejmeddine , Vivas-Cortez Miguel
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the stability behavior of nonlinear Fredholm and Volterra integral equations, as well as nonlinear integro-differential equations with Volterra integral terms, through the lens of symmetry principles in mathematical analysis. By leveraging fixed-point methods within b-metric spaces, which generalize classical metric spaces while preserving structural symmetry, we establish sufficient conditions for Hyers–Ulam–Rassias and Hyers–Ulam stability. The symmetric framework of b-metric spaces offers a unified approach to analyzing stability across a wide range of nonlinear systems. To illustrate the theoretical results, examples are provided that underscore the practical applicability and relevance of these findings to complex nonlinear systems, emphasizing their inherent symmetrical properties.
Can N-Doped Biochar Achieve Safe Vegetable Production in Soil Heavily Contaminated by Heavy Metals?
Authors: Chen Ming , Wang Yangzhou , Pan Junchao , Zhong Lin , Qiao Mengjiao , Gao Chenyang , Li Tianqi , Wang Yangyang
Published: January 2025

Although the cultivation of food crops in farmland heavily contaminated by heavy metals is prohibited in China, vegetables can still be planted on a small-scale due to their short growth cycles and flexible sale models, posing a significant threat to local consumers. In this study, a pot culture experiment was conducted to investigate the feasibility of safe production through the in-situ stabilization of heavy metals in heavily contaminated soil. The remediation efficiency of wheat straw biochar and N-doped biochar, the growth of spinach, the heavy metal accumulation in spinach, and potential health risks were also explored. The results indicated that both biochar and N-doped biochar significantly affected the soil pH, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, alkaline nitrogen content, and spinach biomass, but the trends were variable. Additionally, the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic-extractable Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni concentrations decreased 9.23%, 7.54%, 5.95, 7.44%, and 16.33% with biochar, and 10.46%, 12.91%, 21.98%, 12.62%, and 12.24% with N-doped biochar, respectively. Furthermore, N-doped biochar significantly reduced the accumulation of Pb, Cd, and Ni in spinach by 35.50%, 33.25%, and 30.31%, respectively. Health risk assessment revealed that the non-carcinogenic risk index for adults and children decreased from 17.0 and 54.8 to 16.3 and 52.5 with biochar and 11.8 and 38.2 with N-doped biochar, respectively, but remained significantly higher than the acceptable range (1.0). The carcinogenic risk assessment revealed that the risk posed by Cd in spinach exceeded the acceptable value (10−4) for both adults and children across all treatments. These results may imply that biochar and N-doped biochar cannot achieve the safe production of vegetables in soil heavily contaminated by heavy metals through in-situ stabilization.
Investigating Mpox Strain Dynamics Using Computational and Data-Driven Approaches
Authors: Idisi Isaiah Oke , Oshinubi Kayode , Sewanu Vigbe Benson , Yahaya Mukhtar Muhammed , Olagbami Oluwafemi Samson , Edogbanya Helen Olaronke
Published: January 2025

This study explores Mpox transmission dynamics using a mathematical and data-driven epidemiological model that incorporates two viral strains, Clade I and Clade II. The model includes transmission pathways between humans and mammals and divides the human population into susceptible, exposed, infectious, hospitalized, and recovered groups. Weekly data from the WHO for Spain, Italy, Nigeria, and the DRC from 2022 to 2024 are used for model validation via non-linear least-squares fitting, with model performance assessed by Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). We conduct time-series analysis to detect trends and anomalies in Mpox cases, with scenario simulations examining strain-specific transmission and the basic reproduction number (R0). The mathematical model fit is compared with two statistical model fits to emphasize the importance of developing a model that incorporates Mpox strain. Mathematical analysis confirms the model’s key properties, including positivity, boundedness, and equilibrium stability. Results underscore the importance of strain-specific dynamics and varying infection proportions for R0. This study combines mathematical rigor with empirical data to provide valuable insights into Mpox transmission and offers a framework for understanding multi-strain pathogens in diverse populations. Results from the simulation indicate that an increase in the effective contact rate leads to the dominance of the prevalent Mpox Clades in each country. Based on these findings, we recommend the implementation of strategies aimed at reducing the effective contact rate to control the spread of the virus strains.
Investment Opportunities for mRNA Technology in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Key Findings and Future Perspectives
Authors: Abreu Ariane de Jesus Lopes de , Mpande Cheleka A. M. , Helble Matthias , Nicholson Martin W. , Cortés María de los Ángeles , Ponsa María Eugenia Pérez , Blumenthal Ivan Redini , Caccavo Francisco , Pippo Tomas , Rius Sanjuan Judit , Nannei Claudia
Published: January 2025

In April 2024, a hybrid meeting organized by the WHO, PAHO, and MPP during the World Bank Spring Meetings focused on financing mRNA-based technologies in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). This meeting sought to engage multilateral development banks (MDBs) and stakeholders in financing the expansion of vaccine production and enhancing pandemic preparedness. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the disparities in vaccine production and distribution, highlighting the need for localized production to improve global health equity. The WHO’s mRNA Technology Transfer Programme, initiated in 2021, aims to build local capacity for mRNA vaccine development and manufacturing. Key sessions covered during the meeting include innovative investment models, with MDBs discussing funding instruments and the necessity of an integrated ecosystem for sustainable vaccine manufacturing. Challenges such as technological risks and the need for higher risk appetite were addressed, along with innovative financing mechanisms like blended financing. An analysis of capital and operational expenditures for mRNA vaccine facilities was presented, projecting significant production capacity in LMICs within a decade. Panelists emphasized the need for sustainable R&D investment and shared experiences in securing funding for mRNA technology. The meeting underscored the importance of collaboration, innovative financing, ecosystem development, and public–private partnerships, marking a pivotal step towards advancing mRNA technology in LMICs to tackle global health challenges.
Therapeutic Vaccines for Hematological Cancers: A Scoping Review of This Immunotherapeutic Approach as Alternative to the Treatment of These Malignancies
Authors: Mathias Fernando Augusto Siqueira , Carvalho Maria Gabriela Reis , Ruiz Jeronimo Conceição
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The need for innovative cancer treatments has brought immunotherapies to the forefront as a promising approach, with therapeutic vaccines demonstrating the potential to mobilize immune cells to eliminate tumor cells. However, challenges such as genetic variability among patients, immune evasion mechanisms, and disease relapse contribute to the complexity of achieving an ideal therapy, especially for hematological cancers. This review systematically identifies and analyzes recent studies focused on the development of therapeutic immunotherapy vaccines, examining critical aspects such as development stages, key assays for therapeutic validation, treatment outcomes, and study limitations. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA extension guidelines (PRISMA-ScR). Literature searches were conducted across Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases using keywords including “immunotherapy”, “vaccines”, “immunization”, “hematological malignancies”, “blood cancer”, “hematopoietic neoplasms”, and “leukemia”. Results: A total of 56 articles published from 2013 to 2024 were included in the analysis. The majority of studies are in the preclinical stage, with some advancing to phase 1 and phase 2 clinical trials. Acute myeloid leukemia emerged as the most frequently studied malignancy. While first- and second-generation vaccines dominate the field, innovative approaches, such as dendritic-cell-based vaccines and mRNA vaccines, are gaining prominence. Notably, preclinical models often demonstrate superior outcomes compared to clinical trials, as results observed in animal models are not fully replicated in human studies. Conclusions: Despite challenges related to disease progression and patient loss, the studies reviewed highlight significant advancements in patient prognosis, emphasizing the potential of novel therapeutic vaccines as an effective alternative for the treatment of hematological cancers.
The Detection of Mixed Infection with Canine Parvovirus, Canine Distemper Virus, and Rotavirus in Giant Pandas by Multiplex PCR
Authors: Liu Ai , Qiao Wenyue , Ma Rui , Yan Qigui , Zhao Shan , Lang Yifei
Published: January 2025

The well-being and subsistence of giant pandas, an endangered species with a limited distribution, are currently threatened by a number of viruses, including canine parvovirus (CPV-2), canine distemper virus (CDV), and giant panda rotavirus (GPRV). To allow for timely intervention upon viral infection, it is necessary to execute rapid and accurate diagnosis of potential mixed viral infections. In the present study, we developed and validated a multiplex PCR (mPCR) approach for the detection of CPV-2, CDV, and GPRV infections. The results indicate that the method could selectively amplify the three viruses with high sensitivity and specificity, which are necessary attributes in clinical settings. Utilizing the established method, (sub)clinical giant panda samples were examined, and CPV-2, CDV, and GPRV were found in 19.72% (43 out of 218), 7.34% (16 out of 218), and 6.42% (14 out of 218) of the samples, respectively. Noticeably, mixed infections of two or three viruses were common, and this was generally observed in CDV- or GPRV-positive samples. Meanwhile, mPCR results were further validated with sequencing and the phylogenetic analysis of full-length sequences of viral genes. Taken together, our study provides an approachable assay which enables the quick detection of the three viruses mentioned above, which will benefit clinical diagnosis and laboratory epidemiological-based investigations of the giant panda population.
Getah Virus: A New Contaminant in Veterinary Vaccines
Authors: Chu Pin-Pin , Chen Sheng-Nan , Zhou Xia , Wei Zu-Zhang , Zhai Shao-Lun
Published: January 2025

Mycoplasma, reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), avian leukosis virus (ALV), chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV), bovine polyomavirus (BPV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and porcine circovirus (PCV) are considered common contaminants in live veterinary vaccines against Newcastle disease virus (NDV), fowlpox virus (FPV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). In the past five years, Getah virus (GETV), an arbovirus affecting many farming mammals, was reported as a new contaminant in live PRRSV vaccines in two previous studies, which arouses our considerable interest. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to analyze and discuss the source, biological hazard, and genomic characteristics of these contaminating GETV strains further.
Diurnal Variation of Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Flux in a River–Lake Continuum of a Mega City
Authors: Liu Menglin , Tian Xiaokang , Yan Zilong , Zhao Yuzhuo , Li Siyue
Published: January 2025

The carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions at the water–air interface in the urban river–lake continuum remain unknown, posing challenges for assessing carbon sinks in aquatic ecosystems draining this unique urban characteristic. This study investigates the driving factors of diurnal variations of CO2 emission fluxes at the water–air interface in an urban river (Qingshangang, QSG) and a connected landscape lake (Lihu, LH). Continuous monitoring was conducted from 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. in July 2024 at both QSG and LH sites. The results reveal significant temporal and spatial differences in CO2 concentration and flux. The CO2 concentration in QSG (120.91 ± 93.99 μmol L−1) clearly exceeds that of LH (69.14 ± 51.09 μmol L−1), with an overall mean of 95.02 ± 69.69 μmol L−1 for the river–lake system as a whole. The CO2 flux at QSG (77.53 ± 64.59 mmol m−2 d−1) is significantly higher than that of LH (53.50 ± 37.32 mmol m −2 d −1), with a total average of 65.51 ± 54.10 mmol m −2 d −1. The concentrations and fluxes were significantly negatively correlated with environmental factors such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), percent dissolved oxygen (DO%), water temperature (Twater), chlorophyll (Chl-a), and chemical oxygen demand of manganese (CODMn), and significantly positively correlated with electrical conductivity (EC). DO%, EC, and Chl-a are the main environmental factors affecting CO2 flux by stepwise regression analysis. The considerably higher CO2 concentration and flux observed in the QSG can be attributed to carbon and nutrient inputs from its surrounding environment. Conversely, the lower CO2 flux in the connected lake is due to the effective restoration by aquatic plants. Our study underscores the importance of recognizing urban rivers as potential hotspots for CO2 emissions, thereby emphasizing the imperative for high-time-resolution monitoring efforts on these rivers in future research endeavors.
Gramatyka Litewska początkowa (1902): santykis su ankstesniais Juliaus Šykopo lietuvių kalbos gramatikos leidimais
Authors: Venckienė Jurgita
Published: January 2025

The grammar of the Lithuanian language Litauiſche Elementar=Grammatik (1879–1881; first part ŠLG 1879) for students of the Tilsit Gymnasium was prepared by Julius Erdmann Schiekopp. It is an abridged version of Friedrich Kurschat’s Grammatik der littauischen Sprache (1876; KG). In 1881, Schiekopp’s grammar was reprinted in Tilsit under the same title Litauiſche Elementar=Grammatik; the edition differs from the first one only by the title page. The grammar was also republished by Alexander Kurschat under the title Litauiſche Elementar=Grammatik (1901–1902; ŠLG 1901). Jonas Pajevskis and Jurgis Gylius prepared a Russian edition of Schiekopp’s grammar, Литовская грамматика (1891; ЛГ 1891). It was approved as the official textbook of the Lithuanian language for schools of the Warsaw Education District. The first part of this grammar was reprinted five years later under the same title, Литовская грамматика (1896; ЛГ 1896). The first part of Schiekopp’s grammar was also translated into Polish as Gramatyka litewska początkowa (1902; GLP) by Juozas Januškevičius and Antanas Macijauskas. This arti cle is intended to clarify, which edition of Schiekopp’s grammar was translated by the two translators. The comparative analysis of the editions of Schiekopp’s grammar shows that Januškevičius and Macijauskas translated ŠLG 1879. These two editions are linked by the structure and the material they contain – some of the material of ŠLG 1879 was not included in ЛГ 1891, ЛГ 1896, and ŠLG 1901, but is present in GLP. For example, Alexander Kurschat did not include in ŠLG 1901 the classification of consonants, a comment on the meaning of the accent, tables of the endings of nouns, nominal adjectives, pronouns, notes about [t, d] turning into affricates [č, dž], about shortened nouns in colloquial language, the accentuation of adjectives, ungraded adjectives and participles, the shortening of verb forms. In Russian grammars ЛГ 1891 and ЛГ 1896, a note on the softness of consonants, some comments on nouns of the 1st declension, accentuation of nouns and adjectives, pronouns, the shortening and accentuation of verb forms are omitted. The emerging standard Lithuanian of the early 20th century was no longer the same as described by Friedrich Kurschat and Schiekopp in the 1870s. Therefore, the article also highlights how Januškevičius and Macijauskas changed the material of Schiekopp’s grammar. They took into consideration the emerging standard Lithuanian and the target audience of the grammar they were preparing – a resident of Lithuania Major, rather than East Prussia as was the case with Friedrich Kurschat’s or Schiekopp’s grammars.
Secret Spaces for Amida: Their Functions in Rituals and Their Doctrinal Backgrounds
Authors: Rüsch Markus
Published: January 2025

Cet article est centré sur l’époque d’Edo (1603-1868), une période de grand dynamisme pour de nombreux groupes religieux clandestins. Si certains d’entre eux n’ont existé que pendant une courte période ou ont cessé leurs activités après la levée de leur interdiction par les autorités, d’autres existent encore aujourd’hui. Il n’est pas exagéré de dire que la Véritable école de la Terre pure est, en théorie, l’école au Japon la plus étrangère aux enseignements ésotériques. Néanmoins, au-delà d’une approche orthodoxe de son enseignement, force est de constater que l’histoire de l’archipel est riche en mouvements religieux présentant des formes secrètes du nenbutsu associés, d’une façon ou d’une autre, à cette école. Les trois groupes étudiés ici sont appelés par les spécialistes kakure nenbutsu, kakushi nenbutsu et Kayakabe. L’article apporte une réflexion sur la constitution d’espaces secrets et le rôle de ceux-ci au sein de la vie rituelle de ces groupes. L’analyse montre que selon les facteurs externes qui motivent la dissimulation de l’observance religieuse, les espaces de culte sont structurés différemment et présentent des usages distincts ; elle révèle aussi que leur organisation reflète des discours doctrinaux du Nishi Honganji, liés en particulier au sangō wakuran (« la confusion [concernant] les trois [types d’]acte »), une dispute qui s’est déroulée au XVIIIe et au XIXe siècle.