bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential of Mac‐2‐binding protein glycan isomer as a new therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yamanaka Takahiro , Araki Kenichiro , Yokobori Takehiko , Muranushi Ryo , Hoshino Kouki , Hagiwara Kei , Gantumur Dolgormaa , Ishii Norihiro , Tsukagoshi Mariko , Watanabe Akira , Harimoto Norifumi , Masamune Atsushi , Uojima Haruki , Mizokami Masashi , Ito Kiyoaki , Shirabe Ken
Published: February 2024

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a challenging malignancy to treat. Mac‐2‐binding protein glycan isomer (M2BPGi) is a novel serum marker of liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and is secreted by hepatic stellate and stroma cells. Serum M2BPGi levels are upregulated in PC patients. We measured the expression of M2BPGi in the serum of 27 PC patients and determined whether M2BPGi affects the malignant potential of PC cells in vitro. We also examined the effect of M2BP on PC tumor growth and gemcitabine sensitivity in vivo. Serum M2BPGi levels in PC patients were higher compared with those of healthy subjects. M2BPGi extraction in cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) was higher compared with that of PC cells. M2BPGi treatment promoted the proliferation and invasion of PC cells. The suppression of galectin‐3, which binds to M2BPGi, did not affect the proliferation‐promoting effect of M2BPGi in PC cells. The suppression of M2BP reduced tumor growth and enhanced gemcitabine sensitivity in PC‐bearing xenograft mice. CAF‐derived M2BPGi promotes the proliferation and invasion of PC cells. Targeting M2BPGi may represent a new therapeutic strategy to circumvent refractory PC.
Blueprints from plane to space: outlook of next‐generation three‐dimensional histopathology
Authors: Yoshikawa Akira Leon , Omura Takaki , Takahashi‐Kanemitsu Atsushi , Susaki Etsuo A.
Published: February 2024

Here, we summarize the literature relevant to recent advances in three‐dimensional (3D) histopathology in relation to clinical oncology, highlighting serial sectioning, tissue clearing, light‐sheet microscopy, and digital image analysis with artificial intelligence. We look forward to a future where 3D histopathology expands our understanding of human pathophysiology and improves patient care through cross‐disciplinary collaboration and innovation.
A pilot study of p53 immunohistochemistry in atypical squamous lesions, using a vulvar scoring system
Authors: Niu Na , Roy Simon F. , Ko Christine J.
Published: February 2024

Background

Histopathologic overlap between cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and its indolent mimics likely leads to the overdiagnosis of cSCC.

Objective

To perform a pilot study of the p53 immunohistochemical scoring system developed on vulvar squamous lesions in cSCC.

Methods

The consistency and reliability of p53 immunostaining using a scoring system developed on vulvar cases, as compared with TP53 genomic sequencing, was studied in an initial cohort of 28 cutaneous cases. p53 labeling was further assessed in an additional 63 cases of atypical squamous lesions, including 20 atypical squamous lesions classified by the authors as benign, 22 cases diagnosed as cSCC without high‐risk features, and 21 cases of high‐risk cSCC (cSCC‐HR).

Results

The concordance of p53 labeling and TP53 sequencing was 82.1%. Four positive patterns of p53 mutation were identified: basal, parabasal/diffuse, null, and cytoplasmic. p53 positivity in atypical, benign squamous lesions (10%) was significantly lower than that of low‐risk cSCC (63.6%, p = 0.0004) or cSCC‐HR (90.5%, p < 0.0001). p53 positivity in low‐risk cSCC versus cSCC‐HR was not statistically significant (p = 0.07).

Conclusion

p53 Labeling may be a helpful biomarker to support the diagnosis of cSCC and distinguish cSCC from atypical but benign mimics.
Long‐term remission in a patient with relapsed Richter's transformation treated with CD19‐directed chimeric antigen‐receptor T‐cells after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Kutsch Nadine , Gödel Philipp , Voltin Conrad‐Amadeus , Hallek Michael , Scheid Christof , Borchmann Peter , Holtick Udo
Published: February 2024

Patients with Richter's transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL‐RT) face a dismal prognosis. A 51‐year‐old female patient diagnosed with CLL with deletion (17p) in 2009. CLL treatment included chemoimmunotherapy and targeted substances. DLBCL‐RT was diagnosed in November 2016. After receiving an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, she relapsed in September 2019 and tisagenlecleucel was infused in December 2019. Cytokine release syndrome grade 2 was treated with two doses of tocilizumab and the patient was started on 140 mg ibrutinib in February 2020. Our patient remains in remission up to 4 years after CAR T‐cell treatment.
Integrating learning into animal range dynamics under rapid human‐induced environmental change
Authors: Aben Job , Travis Justin M. J. , Van Dyck Hans , Vanwambeke Sophie O.
Published: February 2024

Human‐induced rapid environmental change (HIREC) is creating environments deviating considerably from natural habitats in which species evolved. Concurrently, climate warming is pushing species’ climatic envelopes to geographic regions that offer novel ecological conditions. The persistence of species is likely affected by the interplay between the degree of ecological novelty and phenotypic plasticity, which in turn may shape an organism's range‐shifting ability. Current modelling approaches that forecast animal ranges are characterized by a static representation of the relationship between habitat use and fitness, which may bias predictions under conditions imposed by HIREC. We argue that accounting for dynamic species‐resource relationships can increase the ecological realism of range shift predictions. Our rationale builds on the concepts of ecological fitting, the process whereby individuals form successful novel biotic associations based on the suite of traits they carry at the time of encountering the novel condition, and behavioural plasticity, in particular learning. These concepts have revolutionized our view on fitness in novel ecological settings, and the way these processes may influence species ranges under HIREC. We have integrated them into a model of range expansion as a conceptual proof of principle highlighting the potentially substantial role of learning ability in range shifts under HIREC.
Mean reef fish body size decreases towards warmer waters
Authors: Coghlan Amy Rose , Blanchard Julia L. , Wotherspoon Simon , Stuart‐Smith Rick D. , Edgar Graham J. , Barrett Neville , Audzijonyte Asta
Published: February 2024

Aquatic ectotherms often attain smaller body sizes at higher temperatures. By analysing ~15,000 coastal‐reef fish surveys across a 15°C spatial sea surface temperature (SST) gradient, we found that the mean length of fish in communities decreased by ~5% for each 1°C temperature increase across space, or 50% decrease in mean length from 14 to 29°C mean annual SST. Community mean body size change was driven by differential temperature responses within trophic groups and temperature‐driven change in their relative abundance. Herbivores, invertivores and planktivores became smaller on average in warmer temperatures, but no trend was found in piscivores. Nearly 25% of the temperature‐related community mean size trend was attributable to trophic composition at the warmest sites, but at colder temperatures, this was <1% due to trophic groups being similarly sized. Our findings suggest that small changes in temperature are associated with large changes in fish community composition and body sizes, with important ecological implications.
The role of fish predators and their foraging traits in shaping zooplankton community structure
Authors: Moosmann Marvin , Greenway Ryan , Oester Rebecca , Matthews Blake
Published: February 2024

Differentiation of foraging traits among predator populations may help explain observed variation in the structure of prey communities. However, few studies have investigated the phenotypic effects of predators on their prey in natural communities. Here, we use a comparative analysis of 78 Greenlandic lakes to examine how foraging trait variation among threespine stickleback populations can help explain variation in zooplankton community composition among lakes. We find that landscape‐scale variation in zooplankton composition was jointly explained by lake properties, such as size and water chemistry, and the presence and absence of both stickleback and arctic char. Additional variation in zooplankton community structure can be explained by stickleback jaw protrusion, a trait with known utility for foraging on zooplankton, but only in lakes where stickleback co‐occur with arctic char. Overall, our results illustrate how trait variation of predators, alongside other ecosystem properties, can influence the composition of prey communities in nature.
Preventing and mitigating risks of rumours during major pandemics in the era of artificial intelligence: A perspective on vulnerability
Authors: Kong Yuhuan
Published: February 2024

The sudden outbreak of a major pandemic often leads to the widespread dissemination of rumours related to the event. The public serves as both disseminators and regulators of rumours. Enhancing the public's capability to defend against rumours and strengthening their resilience are crucial for turning the tide of the pandemic. This study focuses on the rumours surrounding the COVID‐19 event and explores their impact on public vulnerability. Researching rumours during the pandemic reveals that in the era of artificial intelligence, the public's information needs, scepticism towards government resilience, and distrust in social relationships can deepen vulnerability, resulting in a proliferation of rumours. Therefore, it is proposed that governments should utilize new technologies, break away from traditional governance systems, and construct a rumour resolution system focusing on demand‐oriented approaches, employing artificial intelligence techniques, and precision repairing of social trust. This approach aims to reduce public vulnerability during significant pandemics and enhance the government's capabilities in rumour prevention and emergency management.
Housing discrimination in Mississippi, the last 20 years
Authors: Green Leslie E. , Havis Briahna N. , Lee Sung‐Jin
Published: February 2024

Housing discrimination persists decades after the Fair Housing Act was passed in 1968. Limited qualitative research exists that examines the experience of victims. This qualitative study used data from newspapers that reported housing discrimination in Mississippi from 1998 to 2018 to examine the experience of victims. Content analysis was used to assess the sociodemographic characteristics of victims and the penalties awarded to perpetrators. Inductive thematic analysis was used to assess victims' perspectives and thoughts on their experience and included four themes: “it's never about money,” “inflict pain,” “racism is still a problem,” and knowledge.
Latinx grandparents' child feeding practices and interaction with parents
Authors: Xie Hui , Lopez Aylin , Henderson Melissa C. , Hernandez Naty , Besnilian Annette
Published: February 2024

Despite Latinx grandparents' substantial involvement in child rearing, there is limited understanding of their child feeding practices. A survey examined 80 Latinx mothers' perception of Latinx grandparents' feeding practices and interaction with parents. Results showed grandparents engaged in positive feeding somewhat frequently and negative feeding somewhat infrequently. Mother–grandparent disagreement and grandparent–parent(s) communication on child feeding occurred at a moderate level of frequency. Mother–grandparent disagreement was associated with higher frequency of grandparents' negative feeding, while grandparent–parent(s) communication was associated with higher frequency of positive feeding by grandparents. Finally, grandparents' behaviors and practices varied depending on characteristics of grandparents, mothers, and children.
China's subtropical deciduous plants are more sensitive to climate change than evergreen plants by flowering phenology
Authors: Li Hong‐Li , Ali Arshad , Luo Xu , Liao Ke , Sun Nan , Xu Ming‐Shan , Sha Long‐Bin , He Dong , Du Yan‐Jun , Sun Wei‐Wei , Yang Xiao‐Dong
Published: February 2024

The ongoing climate change‐induced shifts in flowering phenology have emerged as a consequential force impacting biodiversity and ecosystems. Despite the globally recognized significance of flowering phenology as a key reproductive attribute, studies in subtropical regions have been relatively fewer, particularly in comparison to temperate and cold regions. Additionally, the nuanced response of deciduous and evergreen plants to climate change remains insufficiently explored. In addressing this gap, we built a phenological model and a generalized linear mixed effect model to assess the differential responses of key flowering phenological traits, that is, first flowering date (FFD), peak flowering date (PFD), end of flowering date (EFD), and flowering duration (FD), to climate factors (temperature and precipitation) between deciduous and evergreen plants. We observed distinct responses in flowering phenological traits to climate change between deciduous and evergreen plants. Specifically, the advancement of FFD, PFD, and EFD in deciduous in response to temperature rise exceeded that in evergreen plants. FD in evergreen plants exhibited a stronger extension to temperature increase compared to deciduous. Conversely, the phenological change of evergreen plants in response to decreasing precipitation was greater than that of deciduous ones. Since temperature is a decisive climatic factor in affecting phenological changes, climate change‐induced advances in flowering phenology of deciduous plants are still larger than evergreen plants. Projections from our phenological model under future climate scenarios (SSP 1‐2.6 and SSP 5‐8.5) indicate a continuous enlargement of difference in flowering phenology between deciduous and evergreen plants, with this trend escalating into the future (2100>2070>2050>2030). The larger extension in FD of evergreens to climate change suggests a potential increase in their proportion within subtropical forest communities relative to deciduous plants. These insights contribute significantly to our understanding of the intricate dynamics of climate‐induced changes in subtropical plant ecosystems.
Seed quality under elevated CO2 differs in soybean cultivars with contrasting yield responses
Authors: Digrado Anthony , Montes Christopher M. , Baxter Ivan , Ainsworth Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2024

Reduced grain and seed nutrient content in crops grown under elevated CO2 concentrations (eCO2) have raised concerns about future food security. Studies have reported that different seed elements responded differently to eCO2. Additionally, the nutrient response to eCO2 varied across species and cultivars. This study investigated the response of seed quality in two soybean cultivars (HS93‐4118 and Loda) previously shown to have different yield responses to eCO2. We show that seed quality responded differently to eCO2 for the two cultivars and that elements were differentially impacted. The strongest declines under eCO2 were observed for Al, Ca, Fe, and Se while P and Mn were unaffected. Seed protein content increased under eCO2 for the two cultivars. Oil content, however, showed a negative relationship with yield and declined under eCO2. Using path analysis, we show that eCO2 reduced the seed content for some elements through increasing seed yield, effectively diluting the elemental concentrations, while other elements were reduced in a yield‐independent manner. Despite the decline in the seed concentration for some elements, the overall yield per hectare of elements, protein, and oil under eCO2 increased because of greater seed yield. We quantified the economic impact of altered seed composition and show that the decline in oil content with increasing soybean yield at eCO2 could adversely impact profits.
Extensive woody encroachment altering Angolan miombo woodlands despite cropland expansion and frequent fires
Authors: Loft Ty , Stevens Nicola , Gonçalves Francisco Maiato Pedro , Oliveras Menor Imma
Published: February 2024

Woody encroachment (WE) and agricultural expansion are widespread in tropical savannas, where they threaten biodiversity and ecosystem function. In Africa's largest savanna, the miombo woodlands, cropland expansion is expected to cause extensive habitat loss over the next 30 years. Meanwhile, widespread WE is altering the remaining untransformed vegetation. Quantifying the extent of both processes in the Angolan miombo woodlands (~570,000 km2) has been challenging due to limited infrastructure, a history of conflict, and widespread landmines. Here, we analyze spectral satellite imagery to investigate the extent of WE and cropland expansion in the Angolan miombo woodlands since 1990. We asses WE using two complementary metrics: multi‐decade canopy greenness trends and conversion from grassland to woodland. We also examine whether WE trends are driven by landscape fragmentation and decreasing fire frequency. We found that from 1990 to 2020, 34.1% of the Angolan miombo woodlands experienced significant WE or was converted to cropland, while open grassy vegetation declined by 62%. WE advanced rapidly even in areas experiencing extraordinarily high burn frequencies and was not adequately explained by changing temperature or precipitation. WE was concentrated far from the agricultural frontier, in remote areas with low population densities. These results challenge the hypothesis that human‐altered fire regimes are the primary driver of WE in mesic savannas. The results will help decision‐makers conserve the miombo woodlands' biodiversity and ecosystem services, by highlighting that strategies to slow habitat loss must address WE and cropland expansion together.
Soil properties shape the heterogeneity of denitrification and N2O emissions across large‐scale flooded paddy soils
Authors: Tang Yijia , Su Xiaoxuan , Wen Teng , McBratney Alex B. , Zhou Shuyidan , Huang Fuyi , Zhu Yong‐guan
Published: February 2024

Flooded paddy soils after rewetting dry soils accompanied by extensive nitrogen fertilizer input are important anthropogenic N2O emitters due to the denitrification process. Owing to multiple complex denitrifying N2O sources, however, the extent to which biotic (fungal or bacterial) and abiotic (chemical) denitrification contribute to total N2O emissions remains largely unquantified. Here we sampled across eight provinces where most of the flooded paddy soils were in China to explore microbial and abiotic denitrification potentials and decipher N2O dynamics. N2O isotopocules and site preference (δ15NSP) analyses found that in most of the sampled paddy soils, fungi‐mediated denitrification was the largest N2O contributor (51%–63%); while bacterial and chemical denitrifications contributed 12%–31% and 12%–28% of N2O emissions, respectively. Further, using 15N labeling, a significant spatial heterogeneity of denitrification performance was observed among these flooded paddy soils. As indicated by variance partitioning and regression analyses, this heterogeneity was mainly determined by soil properties (especially soil organic carbon and total nitrogen) rather than by denitrifying communities. Our findings provide insights into the establishment of predictive models of future N2O emission from global paddy soils considering both the biotic and abiotic contributions.
Spillover effects of fiscal decentralization on access to basic social services in Burkina Faso
Authors: Zallé Oumarou , Bakouan Pousseni
Published: February 2024

This paper delves into the spillover effects of fiscal decentralization on access to essential social services within communes in Burkina Faso. It employs a Dynamic Spatial Durbin Model that comprehensively incorporates temporal dynamics, spatial interdependence concerning the dependent variable, and spatial interdependence concerning exogenous variables. The analysis covers 280 municipalities, which represents 80% of the municipalities in Burkina Faso, over the period 2011–2020. The findings substantiate the presence of spillover effects stemming from fiscal decentralization on the availability of fundamental social services. However, the nature of these spatial effects hinges on the particular type of fiscal resources and local public goods under consideration. Notably, both capital expenditures and decentralized cooperation resources yield short‐term and long‐term direct as well as indirect enhancements to the quality of education and accessibility to potable water. On the other hand, self‐generated revenue and operational grants augment water accessibility but bear no impact on educational quality. The outcomes put forth imply that municipal councils should concurrently bolster resource mobilization by fortifying decentralized cooperation and widening the tax base. Simultaneously, the introduction of flexible tax payment mechanisms is advisable.
Overview of State Approaches to Vapor Intrusion: 2023 Update
Authors: Eklund Bart , Regan Catherine , Rago Rich , Beckley Lila
Published: February 2024

Site owners, regulators, and consultants now have decades of experience with vapor intrusion (VI), but guidance for the evaluation of VI continues to vary significantly among states. For those with sites in different regulatory jurisdictions, one challenge is addressing how the requirements or expectations for VI investigation and mitigation differ from one jurisdiction to the next. The overall lack of consensus can make it difficult to manage sites in a consistent manner between jurisdictions. This paper takes into account VI guidance, petroleum hydrocarbon‐specific VI guidance, and/or media‐specific volatilization criteria found in broader regulatory programs. This is an update of the author's previous reviews published in 2007, 2012, and 2018. Since our most recent update, 30 states have revised their guidance, issued new guidance or updated criteria or other VI‐related information. For each State and the District of Columbia, the review includes tabulations of the available types of screening values (e.g., soil, groundwater, soil gas, and indoor air), the screening values for selected chemicals that commonly drive VI investigations (e.g., trichloroethylene [TCE], tetrachloroethylene [PCE], benzene, and other selected volatile organic compounds [VOCs]), and the basis of risk levels used for cancer and non‐cancer risk. Federal values are also included for comparison. In addition, we summarize available key policy criteria for each state including: trigger distances, default subsurface to indoor air attenuation factors, policies for evaluation of petroleum VI, strategies for preferential pathways, and policies for mitigation of VI. The details presented in this paper provide a useful technical reference and regulatory summary for practitioners and the regulated community nationwide.
Comparative analysis of large language models in medical counseling: A focus on Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Kong Qing‐Zhou , Ju Kun‐Ping , Wan Meng , Liu Jing , Wu Xiao‐Qi , Li Yue‐Yue , Zuo Xiu‐Li , Li Yan‐Qing
Published: February 2024

Background

Large language models (LLMs) are promising medical counseling tools, but the reliability of responses remains unclear. We aimed to assess the feasibility of three popular LLMs as counseling tools for Helicobacter pylori infection in different counseling languages.

Materials and Methods

This study was conducted between November 20 and December 1, 2023. Three large language models (ChatGPT 4.0 [LLM1], ChatGPT 3.5 [LLM2], and ERNIE Bot 4.0 [LLM3]) were input 15 H. pylori related questions each, once in English and once in Chinese. Each chat was conducted using the “New Chat” function to avoid bias from correlation interference. Responses were recorded and blindly assigned to three reviewers for scoring on three established Likert scales: accuracy (ranged 1–6 point), completeness (ranged 1–3 point), and comprehensibility (ranged 1–3 point). The acceptable thresholds for the scales were set at a minimum of 4, 2, and 2, respectively. Final various source and interlanguage comparisons were made.

Results

The overall mean (SD) accuracy score was 4.80 (1.02), while 1.82 (0.78) for completeness score and 2.90 (0.36) for comprehensibility score. The acceptable proportions for the accuracy, completeness, and comprehensibility of the responses were 90%, 45.6%, and 100%, respectively. The acceptable proportion of overall completeness score for English responses was better than for Chinese responses (p = 0.034). For accuracy, the English responses of LLM3 were better than the Chinese responses (p = 0.0055). As for completeness, the English responses of LLM1 was better than the Chinese responses (p = 0.0257). For comprehensibility, the English responses of LLM1 was better than the Chinese responses (p = 0.0496). No differences were found between the various LLMs.

Conclusions

The LLMs responded satisfactorily to questions related to H. pylori infection. But further improving completeness and reliability, along with considering language nuances, is crucial for optimizing overall performance.
Hepatitis B surface antigen glycan isomer is a predictor of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma during nucleoside/nucleotide analog therapy
Authors: Kozuka Ritsuzo , Enomoto Masaru , Yukawa‐Muto Yoshimi , Odagiri Naoshi , Kotani Kohei , Motoyama Hiroyuki , Kawamura Etsushi , Hagihara Atsushi , Fujii Hideki , Uchida‐Kobayashi Sawako , Kawada Norifumi
Published: February 2024

Aim

A recombinant monoclonal antibody against the hepatitis B surface antigen glycan isomer (HBsAgGi) was newly developed using the O‐glycosylated PreS2 peptide in M‐HBsAg of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype C. However, the association between HBsAgGi and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during nucleoside/nucleotide analog (NA) therapy remains unknown.

Methods

A total of 112 HBV genotype C‐infected patients who were treated with NA were included in this study. We assessed the association between HBV markers, including HBsAgGi and other conventional markers, and the development of HCC during NA therapy.

Results

Ten patients developed HCC during the follow‐up period. Of the HBV markers, HBsAg (≤3.53 log IU/mL; p = 0.047), HBsAgGi/HBsAg ratio (≥1.10; p = 0.035), and HBV DNA (≤6.3 log copies/mL; p = 0.012) at baseline and HBsAg (≤3.19 log IU/mL; p = 0.033) and HBsAgGi/HBsAg ratio (≥1.09; p = 0.003) at 48 weeks after NA therapy were significantly associated with the development of HCC according to the log rank test. In contrast, no significant association was observed between HBsAgGi and the development of HCC. Multivariate analysis revealed that a platelet count at baseline ≤88 × 103/mm3 (p = 0.026; hazard ratio [HR], 10.577) and an HBsAgGi/HBsAg ratio at 48 weeks after NA therapy ≥1.09 (p = 0.040; HR, 10.099) were independently and significantly associated with the development of HCC.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that a combination of on‐treatment HBsAgGi and HBsAg predicts the development of HCC during NA therapy.
Depression care integration in tuberculosis services: A feasibility assessment in Pakistan
Authors: Afaq Saima , Ayub Aliya , Faisal Mehreen Riaz , Nisar Zara , Zala  , Rehman Ateeq ur , Ahmed Afzaal , Todowede Olamide , Siddiqi Najma
Published: February 2024

Background

The co‐occurrence of depression among tuberculosis (TB) patients is a critical issue, contributing to poor treatment outcomes, prolonged hospitalisations and increased healthcare expenses.

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of delivering a co‐designed depression care pathway within TB services in Pakistan.

Design

Mixed‐method study.

Setting and Participants

Routine depression screening for TB patients was conducted at three TB facilities in Peshawar, Pakistan, encompassing primary, secondary and tertiary care settings. All patients aged 18 or above (male and female) attending the three TB facilities between November 2021 and February 2022 were included in the study using the consecutive sampling technique.

Results

A total of 301 people with confirmed TB, within the past 4 weeks, visited the three TB care facilities; 191/301 patients were screened for depression. Approximately 35% of the 191 TB patients screened positive for depression, with varying severity levels. Qualitative findings highlighted the acceptability of integrated depression care, emphasising the importance of open communication and empathetic attitudes. Barriers to integration include stigma, logistical challenges, patient noncompliance and cost burdens. Facilitators included the empathetic attitude of healthcare providers and the availability of mental health services within the same facility.

Conclusion

There is a high burden of depression in patients with TB, highlighting the pressing need for mental health support in this population. Acceptability of integrated care was evident, with factors such as co‐located mental health services, training healthcare providers and provider empathetic attitudes playing a crucial role. Further research is required to evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated TB‐depression screening systems towards improved health outcomes, implementation, scalability and impact on the broader healthcare system.

Patient and Public Contribution

To create a more inclusive and comprehensive TB and depression care pathway, we gathered input from both service providers and service users (TB patients, their carers). Reflective meetings with community leaders, social activists and health professionals from various sectors were also conducted during pathway delivery to get their insights. Power, gender and age imbalances were addressed by encouraging participation of patients and carers across gender and age groups. This approach ensured that the perspectives of all stakeholders were considered in the development of the care pathway.
Mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of KD‐SA SiCf/BN/SiC CMCs oxidized at different temperatures
Authors: Li Liuwei , Qin Hao , Liao Chunjing , You Xiao , Luo Han , Xue Yudong , Yue Xuezheng , Yang Jinshan , Zhang Xiangyu , Dong Shaoming
Published: February 2024

Silicon carbide fiber‐reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites (SiCf/SiC CMCs) based on a domestic KD‐SA SiC fiber were exposed to a wet oxygen atmosphere for 135 h at 800, 1100, and 1300°C. The evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties of SiCf/SiC CMCs have been systematically investigated following oxidation. For weight change, CMC‐1300 showed the greatest gain (0.394%), followed by CMC‐1100 (0.356%) and CMC‐800 (0.149%). The volatilization of boron oxide (B2O3) combined with the slight oxidation of the SiC matrix at 800°C caused crack deflection and fiber pull‐out. The complete dissipation of the interphase could be found when the oxidation temperature increases to 1100°C, generated a fracture surface with brittle fracture characteristics. At 1300°C, crystalline SiO2 hindered oxygen diffusion, with evidence of fiber pull‐out. Based on thermodynamic calculations and microscopic observations, we propose a mechanism to explain the thermal degradation of SiCf/SiC CMCs. This work offers valuable guidance for the fabrication of SiCf/SiC CMCs that are suitable for high‐temperature applications.
Prior hospital attendances in deceased Australian patients with alcohol‐related liver disease: a multicentre project
Authors: Attree Chloe , Fennessy Sean , Jeffrey Gary , Kontorinis Nickolas , Naylor Nola , Hazeldine Simon
Published: February 2024

Background and Aims

To establish the hospital visit history of patients who die with alcohol‐related liver disease (ArLD). To determine if patients with ArLD present to hospital early or in the terminal phase of their disease.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of patients with a history of ArLD who died as an inpatient at three tertiary Western Australian hospitals from February 2015 to February 2017. Hospital records were reviewed to identify the number and cause of emergency department (ED), inpatient and outpatient attendances in all Western Australian public hospitals in the 10 years prior to death.

Results

One hundred fifty‐nine patients (23% female) had a total of 753 ED, 3535 outpatient appointments, 1602 hospital admissions and 10 755 admission days. Twelve months prior to death, 82% of patients had a public hospital contact and 74% an admission. Patients who had their first hospital contact within 12 months prior to death were significantly more likely to have a liver‐related cause of death (P < 0.01). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients (15% of cohort) died at a significantly younger age (M = 49.2, SD = 10.5 years) than non‐Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients (M = 59.9, SD = 10.2 years, P < 0.01). Despite having more ED attendances and hospital admissions, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients had significantly less (P = 0.04) outpatient appointments (Mdn = 5.5, interquartile range [IQR] = 1–18 vs Mdn = 11, IQR = 3–33).

Conclusions

Most patients with ArLD have multiple early attendances, which present an opportunity for early interventions. There are missed opportunities for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients for outpatient hospital engagement.
Understanding the careers of freelancers on digital labor platforms: The case of IT work
Authors: Gussek Lisa , Wiesche Manuel
Published: February 2024

Online freelancing, an alternative form of work where independent workers offer services on digital labor platforms, gains increasing importance in IS research. While the general understanding of this form of work is growing, research lacks understanding careers on digital labor platforms. However, these differ from careers in offline labor markets due to volatility, global matching and platform mediation, the digital and temporary nature of work, and algorithmic management as particular platform working conditions. Therefore, to understand how working conditions on digital labor platforms influence the dynamic career paths of freelancers, we conduct an exploratory analysis using 35 interviews with freelancers and clients on digital labor platforms. We thus contribute to the body of knowledge on alternative forms of work on digital labor platforms by developing a long‐term freelancing career model and outlining the dynamics of advancement, decline, and exit within platform careers. We also illustrate mechanisms between career phases in terms of platform lock‐in effects, which arise from the career advancement dynamics and career exit dynamics.
Intersectionality in Black Maternal Health Experiences: Implications for Intersectional Maternal Mental Health Research, Policy, and Practice
Authors: Gilliam Shantesica M. , Hylick Kandyce , Taylor Erica N. , La Barrie Dominique L. , Hatchett Emily E. , Finch Morgan Y. , Kavalakuntla Yashaswini
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Black women experience significant maternal mortality and morbidity disparities in the United States. Although emerging research has focused on reducing maternal mortality rates among Black birthing individuals, we must explore structural and social factors contributing to mental health outcomes during the perinatal period. Gaps exist where intersectional identities and experiences in maternal and child health are examined. This study explores the intersectional stress experiences of Black perinatal women in the South.

Methods

We collected qualitative data through virtual semistructured interviews with 9 pregnant and 7 postpartum participants (N = 16).These interviews assessed feelings, attitudes, and perceptions about psychological stress due to their intersectional experiences of being Black, pregnant, and a woman in the United States. Findings were analyzed through the lens of critical race theory and intersectionality.

Results

We identified 5 overarching themes: (1) perinatal mental health experiences, (2) birthing and parenting while Black, (3) socioeconomic factors, (4) how we cope, and (5) community and social support.

Discussion

Overall, this study revealed how the layers of race, gender, pregnancy, and socioeconomic status influence mental health during the perinatal period. These findings show the need for antiracist and intersectional maternal mental health policies and practices.
The effect of sevoflurane exposure on cell‐type‐specific changes in the prefrontal cortex in young mice
Authors: Zhao Bao‐Jian , Song Shao‐Yong , Zhao Wei‐Ming , Xu Han‐Bing , Peng Ke , Shan Xi‐Sheng , Chen Qing‐Cai , Liu Hong , Liu Hua‐Yue , Ji Fu‐Hai
Published: February 2024

Sevoflurane, the predominant pediatric anesthetic, has been linked to neurotoxicity in young mice, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study focuses on investigating the impact of neonatal sevoflurane exposure on cell‐type‐specific alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of young mice. Neonatal mice were subjected to either control treatment (60% oxygen balanced with nitrogen) or sevoflurane anesthesia (3% sevoflurane in 60% oxygen balanced with nitrogen) for 2 hours on postnatal days (PNDs) 6, 8, and 10. Behavioral tests and single‐nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA‐seq) of the PFC were conducted from PNDs 31 to 37. Mechanistic exploration included clustering analysis, identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), enrichment analyses, single‐cell trajectory analysis, and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). Sevoflurane anesthesia resulted in sociability and cognition impairments in mice. Novel specific marker genes identified 8 distinct cell types in the PFC. Most DEGs between the control and sevoflurane groups were unique to specific cell types. Re‐defining 15 glutamatergic neuron subclusters based on layer identity revealed their altered expression profiles. Notably, sevoflurane disrupted the trajectory from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to oligodendrocytes (OLs). Validation of disease‐relevant candidate genes across the main cell types demonstrated their association with social dysfunction and working memory impairment. Behavioral results and snRNA‐seq collectively elucidated the cellular atlas in the PFC of young male mice, providing a foundation for further mechanistic studies on developmental neurotoxicity induced by anesthesia.

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Simplifying the injector's armamentarium: An international consensus regarding the use of gel science to differentiate hyaluronic acid fillers and guide treatment recommendations
Authors: Metelitsa Andrei , Enright Kaitlyn M. , Rosengaus Frank , Avelar Luiz , Lam Stephanie , Berros Philippe , Di Gregorio Carlo , Fabi Sabrina , Hamdan Firas , Liew Steven , Minocha Kuldeep , Wanitphakdeedecha Rungsima , Weiner Steven , Nikolis Andreas
Published: February 2024

Background

The Restylane portfolio of soft tissue fillers spans a wide range of indications, due in part to their complementary manufacturing technologies [non‐animal stabilized hyaluronic acid (NASHA) and Optimal Balance Technology (OBT/XpresHAn)]. Using an array of products, injectors can achieve a holistic, natural looking effect for their patients. However, with a wide range of products it may be difficult to choose an optimal combination.

Aim

Simplify and align global use recommendations for NASHA versus OBT products.

Methods

Two pre‐meeting surveys were completed by 11 key opinion leaders with international representation, with the goal of collecting information regarding their current injection practices for various anatomical regions of the face (i.e., temporal region, forehead, tear trough, lateral zygoma, anteromedial cheek, nose, pyriform aperture, nasolabial fold, perioral area, lips, labiomental crease, marionette lines, chin, and jawline). The data collected from these surveys was subsequently discussed in a consensus group meeting involving 11 voting members and 3 nonvoting members.

Results

Top product recommendations were identified for each anatomical area, along with secondary and tertiary recommendations that can also be used under defined circumstances. Recommendations were provided based on a consideration of elements such as patient features (e.g., skin thickness, bone structure), the desired aesthetic outcome, experience of the injector, and the preferred injection technique.

Conclusion

A majority consensus regarding the top NASHA versus OBT product choice for each anatomical region of the face was reached. These recommendations represent international agreement regarding the use of Restylane products.
Readiness for hospital discharge and its association with post‐discharge outcomes among oesophageal cancer patients after oesophagectomy: A prospective observational study
Authors: Yu Qian , He Le‐jian , Zhong Jiu‐di , Zhang Jun‐e
Published: February 2024

Aim

To examine the level and influencing factors of discharge readiness among patients with oesophageal cancer following oesophagectomy and to explore its association with post‐discharge outcomes (post‐discharge coping difficulty and unplanned readmission).

Background

Oesophageal cancer is common and usually treated via oesophagectomy in China. The assessment of patient's discharge readiness gradually attracts attention as patients tend to be discharged more quickly.

Design

Prospective observational study. The STROBE statement was followed.

Methods

In total, 154 participants with oesophageal cancer after oesophagectomy were recruited in a tertiary cancer centre in Southern China from July 2019 to January 2020. The participants completed a demographic and disease‐related questionnaire, the Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale and Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale before discharge. Post‐discharge outcomes were investigated on the 21st day (post‐discharge coping difficulty) and 30th day (unplanned readmission) after discharge separately. Multiple linear regressions were used for statistical analysis.

Results

The mean scores of discharge readiness and quality of discharge teaching were (154.02 ± 31.58) and (138.20 ± 24.20) respectively. The quality of discharge teaching, self‐care ability, dysphagia and primary caregiver mainly influenced patient's discharge readiness and explained 63.0% of the variance. The low discharge readiness could predict more risk of post‐discharge coping difficulty (r = −0.729, p < 0.01) and unplanned readmission (t = −2.721, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Discharge readiness among patients with oesophageal cancer following oesophagectomy is influenced by various factors, especially the quality of discharge teaching. A high discharge readiness corresponds to good post‐discharge outcomes.

Implications for the Profession and Patient Care

Healthcare professionals should improve the discharge readiness by constructing high‐quality discharge teaching, cultivating patients' self‐care ability, mobilizing family participation and alleviating dysphagia to decrease adverse post‐discharge outcomes among patients with oesophageal cancer.

Patients or Public Contribution

Patients with oesophageal cancer after oesophagectomy who met the inclusion criteria were recruited.
The State School Mental Health Profile: Findings from 25 States
Authors: Orenstein Shawn , Yarnell Jordy , Connors Elizabeth , Bohnenkamp Jill , Hoover Sharon , Lever Nancy
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

State‐level leadership and conditions are instrumental to local and regional comprehensive school mental health system (CSMHS) quality, sustainability, and growth. However, systematic documentation of state‐level school mental health (SMH) policy, infrastructure, funding, and practice is limited.

METHODS

Using a multi‐phase, multi‐method process, we developed the State School Mental Health Profile (State Profile) to offer a comprehensive landscape of state SMH efforts. State leaders in 25 states completed the State Profile once over a 3‐year data collection period. Mixed methods results are reported in 8 domains.

RESULTS

State education agencies were reportedly most involved in SMH technical assistance, advocacy, leadership, funding, and service provision, with mental health agencies reported as second most involved. Nearly half of state respondents reported having a state‐level SMH director or coordinator. Policies with the greatest perceived impact require implementation of and funding for SMH services and supports. Despite leveraging multiple sources of funding, most states emphasized lack of funding as a primary barrier to establishing CSMHSs. All states reported staffing shortages.

CONCLUSION

The State Profile can assist multi‐agency state leadership teams to self‐assess policy, infrastructure, and resources to support CSMHSs statewide. Findings point to areas of opportunity to advance equity across resource allocation, service provision, and policy development.
Stephen King's evolution on race: Re‐reading Duma Key
Authors: Blouin Michael J. , Sederholm Carl H.
Published: February 2024

Stephen King is at times more self‐reflective about his depictions of blackness than it might seem at first glance. He ruminates upon his own complicated role as a white writer who, on occasion, speaks through the mouths of black characters. King has demonstrated a willingness, especially in his twenty‐first century fiction, to interrogate his biases. Put simply, we should not be too hasty in dismissing (or cancelling) King. To address this further, we propose another look at Duma Key, a novel that scrutinizes the role of popular artists in reinforcing as well as revising ideas about race in America.
Internationalization and innovation: A multilevel meta‐analysis of national sentiments
Authors: Wu Sihong , Fan Di
Published: February 2024

Innovation is essential for sustaining the global competitive viability of multinational enterprises (MNEs), yet the internationalization–innovation relationship remains theoretically debatable and empirically inconsistent. To resolve the puzzle and identify the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the mixed findings, this study integrates existing empirical evidence from 298 independent samples and presents a multilevel meta‐analysis. Taking an organizational learning perspective, this study explores two critical yet underexplored national sentiments that can moderate the MNEs' innovation propensity in internationalization, including technologism and nationalism. Our results show that while technologism strengthens MNEs' innovation in internationalization, nationalism weakens it. In addition, the interaction between the national sentiments exerts significant moderating effects on the relationship. Through exploring the novel drivers and barriers at country level, this study generates new and nuanced insights into innovation management in an international context. It also provides important managerial implications and discusses opportunities for future investigations into the complexity of innovation management in an interconnected and competitive world.