bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accessing word meaning in beginning second language learners: Lexical or conceptual mediation?
Authors: POARCH GREGORY J. , VAN HELL JANET G. , KROLL JUDITH F.
Published: October 2014

We tested the predictions of the Revised Hierarchical Model (Kroll & Stewart, 1994) to examine how children map novel words to concepts during early stages of L2 learning. Fifth grade Dutch L2 learners with 8 months of English instruction performed a translation recognition task followed by translation production in both directions. The children were already sensitive to L2 word meaning in translation recognition, showing longer RTs and lower accuracies for semantically related than semantically unrelated word pairs. In translation production, they were faster in backward than forward direction as predicted by the RHM. Critically, these children had learned L2 words in contexts enriched by pictures and listening/speaking exercises. Depending on the task, Dutch beginning L2 learners exploit conceptual information during L2 processing and map L2 word-forms to concepts. This study also contributes to accumulating evidence that manner of L2 instruction may majorly impact the activation of lexical and conceptual information during translation.
Cross-linguistic influence in simultaneous Cantonese–English bilingual children's comprehension of relative clauses
Authors: KIDD EVAN , CHAN ANGEL , CHIU JOIE
Published: October 2014

The current study investigated the role of cross-linguistic influence in Cantonese–English bilingual children's comprehension of subject- and object-extracted relative clauses (RCs). Twenty simultaneous Cantonese–English bilingual children (Mage= 8;11, SD = 2;6) and 20 vocabulary-matched Cantonese monolingual children (Mage= 6;4, SD = 1;3) completed a test of Cantonese RC comprehension. The bilingual children also completed a test of English RC comprehension. The results showed that, whereas the monolingual children were equally competent on subject and object RCs, the bilingual children performed significantly better on subject RCs. Error analyses suggested that the bilingual children were most often correctly assigning thematic roles in object RCs, but were incorrectly choosing the RC subject as the head referent. This pervasive error was interpreted to be due to the fact that both Cantonese and English have canonical SVO word order, which creates competition with structures that compete with an object RC analysis.
Reducing the use of seclusion in a secure service for women
Authors: Long Clive G , West Rachel , Afford Matthew , Collins Lesley , Dolley Olga
Published: October 2014

Reducing the use of seclusion to deal with challenging behaviour is a priority in secure services for women. This study describes the concurrent introduction of a series of initiatives based on recovery principles and the full involvement of patients in their risk management plans.

Following change implementation, the first 19 patients who had completed one year of treatment were matched with 19 patients who had completed their first year of treatment before change.

A significant decline in both the number of seclusions and risk behaviour post-change was complemented by improved staff ratings of institutional behaviour, increased treatment engagement and a reduction in time spent in medium security. Staff and patients differed in terms of their ratings of the most effective strategies introduced. Patients favoured the Relational Security item of increased individual engagement and timetabled Behaviour Chain Analysis sessions. Staff viewed on ward training and use of de-escalation techniques as most effective.

Findings confirm results from mixed gender forensic mental health samples that seclusion can be successfully reduced without an increase in patient violence or alternative coercive strategies. Limitations of the study are discussed along with the need for future evaluations to address issues of fidelity and utilise vigorously designed case studies.
Differentiated Deservedness: Governance through Familialist Social Policies in Singapore
Authors: Teo Youyenn
Published: October 2014

The familialist orientations of the Singapore state on issues of social welfare ought not be taken for granted as static reflections of ‘culture’. Instead, it is a dynamic realm, and a useful site for analysing how and what sorts of state-society relations are forged. We can, moreover, deepen our understanding of governance in Singapore by looking beyond repression and discrimination and paying more attention to the processes of production and differentiation. In this article, I draw on examples from housing, healthcare, and childcare support, to understand how specific social identities and practices are marked as deserving public support. I argue that the logic and practices embedded in policies – what I call ‘differentiated deservedness’ – can be read as a productive and profound form of governance in which specific performances of the familial are generated, and through which norms about state-society relations and citizenship are forged. Scholars and activists who are oriented toward expanding social security and social justice should scrutinise reforms for the extent to which the logic of differentiated deservedness persists or changes.
Iron bioavailability to phytoplankton: an empirical approach
Authors: Lis Hagar , Shaked Yeala , Kranzler Chana , Keren Nir , Morel François M M
Published: October 2014

Phytoplankton are often limited by iron in aquatic environments. Here we examine Fe bioavailability to phytoplankton by analyzing iron uptake from various Fe substrates by several species of phytoplankton grown under conditions of Fe limitation and comparing the measured uptake rate constants (Fe uptake rate/ substrate concentration). When unchelated iron, Fe′, buffered by an excess of the chelating agent EDTA is used as the Fe substrate, the uptake rate constants of all the eukaryotic phytoplankton species are tightly correlated and proportional to their respective surface areas (S.A.). The same is true when FeDFB is the substrate, but the corresponding uptake constants are one thousand times smaller than for Fe′. The uptake rate constants for the other substrates we examined fall mostly between the values for Fe′ and FeDFB for the same S.A. These two model substrates thus empirically define a bioavailability envelope with Fe′ at the upper and FeDFB at the lower limit of iron bioavailability. This envelope provides a convenient framework to compare the relative bioavailabilities of various Fe substrates to eukaryotic phytoplankton and the Fe uptake abilities of different phytoplankton species. Compared with eukaryotic species, cyanobacteria have similar uptake constants for Fe′ but lower ones for FeDFB. The unique relationship between the uptake rate constants and the S.A. of phytoplankton species suggests that the uptake rate constant of Fe-limited phytoplankton has reached a universal upper limit and provides insight into the underlying uptake mechanism.
Denitrification versus respiratory ammonification: environmental controls of two competing dissimilatory NO3−/NO2− reduction pathways in Shewanella loihica strain PV-4
Authors: Yoon Sukhwan , Cruz-García Claribel , Sanford Robert , Ritalahti Kirsti M , Löffler Frank E
Published: October 2014

Denitrification and respiratory ammonification are two competing, energy-conserving NO3−/NO2− reduction pathways that have major biogeochemical consequences for N retention, plant growth and climate. Batch and continuous culture experiments using Shewanella loihica strain PV-4, a bacterium possessing both the denitrification and respiratory ammonification pathways, revealed factors that determine NO3−/NO2− fate. Denitrification dominated at low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios (that is, electron donor-limiting growth conditions), whereas ammonium was the predominant product at high C/N ratios (that is, electron acceptor-limiting growth conditions). pH and temperature also affected NO3−/NO2− fate, and incubation above pH 7.0 and temperatures of 30 °C favored ammonium formation. Reverse-transcriptase real-time quantitative PCR analyses correlated the phenotypic observations with nirK and nosZ transcript abundances that decreased up to 1600-fold and 27-fold, respectively, under conditions favoring respiratory ammonification. Of the two nrfA genes encoded on the strain PV-4 genome, nrfA0844 transcription decreased only when the chemostat reactor received medium with the lowest C/N ratio of 1.5, whereas nrfA0505 transcription occurred at low levels (≤3.4 × 10−2 transcripts per cell) under all growth conditions. At intermediate C/N ratios, denitrification and respiratory ammonification occurred concomitantly, and both nrfA0844 (5.5 transcripts per cell) and nirK (0.88 transcripts per cell) were transcribed. Recent findings suggest that organisms with both the denitrification and respiratory ammonification pathways are not uncommon in soil and sediment ecosystems, and strain PV-4 offers a tractable experimental system to explore regulation of dissimilatory NO3−/NO2− reduction pathways.
The role of community and population ecology in applying mycorrhizal fungi for improved food security
Authors: Rodriguez Alia , Sanders Ian R
Published: October 2014

The global human population is expected to reach ∼9 billion by 2050. Feeding this many people represents a major challenge requiring global crop yield increases of up to 100%. Microbial symbionts of plants such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) represent a huge, but unrealized resource for improving yields of globally important crops, especially in the tropics. We argue that the application of AMF in agriculture is too simplistic and ignores basic ecological principals. To achieve this challenge, a community and population ecology approach can contribute greatly. First, ecologists could significantly improve our understanding of the determinants of the survival of introduced AMF, the role of adaptability and intraspecific diversity of AMF and whether inoculation has a direct or indirect effect on plant production. Second, we call for extensive metagenomics as well as population genomics studies that are crucial to assess the environmental impact that introduction of non-local AMF may have on native AMF communities and populations. Finally, we plead for an ecologically sound use of AMF in efforts to increase food security at a global scale in a sustainable manner.
Physiology and evolution of nitrate acquisition in Prochlorococcus
Authors: Berube Paul M , Biller Steven J , Kent Alyssa G , Berta-Thompson Jessie W , Roggensack Sara E , Roache-Johnson Kathryn H , Ackerman Marcia , Moore Lisa R , Meisel Joshua D , Sher Daniel , Thompson Luke R , Campbell Lisa , Martiny Adam C , Chisholm Sallie W
Published: October 2014

Prochlorococcus is the numerically dominant phototroph in the oligotrophic subtropical ocean and carries out a significant fraction of marine primary productivity. Although field studies have provided evidence for nitrate uptake by Prochlorococcus, little is known about this trait because axenic cultures capable of growth on nitrate have not been available. Additionally, all previously sequenced genomes lacked the genes necessary for nitrate assimilation. Here we introduce three Prochlorococcus strains capable of growth on nitrate and analyze their physiology and genome architecture. We show that the growth of high-light (HL) adapted strains on nitrate is ∼17% slower than their growth on ammonium. By analyzing 41 Prochlorococcus genomes, we find that genes for nitrate assimilation have been gained multiple times during the evolution of this group, and can be found in at least three lineages. In low-light adapted strains, nitrate assimilation genes are located in the same genomic context as in marine Synechococcus. These genes are located elsewhere in HL adapted strains and may often exist as a stable genetic acquisition as suggested by the striking degree of similarity in the order, phylogeny and location of these genes in one HL adapted strain and a consensus assembly of environmental Prochlorococcus metagenome sequences. In another HL adapted strain, nitrate utilization genes may have been independently acquired as indicated by adjacent phage mobility elements; these genes are also duplicated with each copy detected in separate genomic islands. These results provide direct evidence for nitrate utilization by Prochlorococcus and illuminate the complex evolutionary history of this trait.
Kinesin-14 and kinesin-5 antagonistically regulate microtubule nucleation by γ-TuRC in yeast and human cells
Authors: Olmsted Zachary T. , Colliver Andrew G. , Riehlman Timothy D. , Paluh Janet L.
Published: October 2014

Bipolar spindle assembly is a critical control point for initiation of mitosis through nucleation and organization of spindle microtubules and is regulated by kinesin-like proteins. In fission yeast, the kinesin-14 Pkl1 binds the γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC) microtubule-organizing centre at spindle poles and can alter its structure and function. Here we show that kinesin-14 blocks microtubule nucleation in yeast and reveal that this inhibition is countered by the kinesin-5 protein, Cut7. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Cut7 binding to γ-TuRC and the Cut7 BimC domain are both required for inhibition of Pkl1. We also demonstrate that a yeast kinesin-14 peptide blocks microtubule nucleation in two human breast cancer cell lines, suggesting that this mechanism is evolutionarily conserved. In conclusion, using genetic, biochemical and cell biology approaches we uncover antagonistic control of microtubule nucleation at γ-TuRC by two kinesin-like proteins, which may represent an attractive anti-mitotic target for cancer therapies.
Electrochemically controlled in-tube solid phase microextraction of naproxen from urine samples using an experimental design
Authors: Ahmadi Seyyed Hamid , Manbohi Ahmad , Heydar Kourosh Tabar
Published: October 2014

Electrochemically controlled in-tube SPME approach, which increased the sensitivity and decreased the extraction time, was reported.
A rapid DNA lateral flow test for the detection of transgenic maize by isothermal amplification of the 35S promoter
Authors: Kolm Claudia , Mach Robert L. , Krska Rudolf , Brunner Kurt
Published: October 2014

A novel DNA strip test enables the detection of low amounts of the 35S promoter of genetically modified organisms.
Magnetite–graphene oxide composites as a magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of trace sulfonamides in water samples
Authors: Shi Pengzhi , Ye Nengsheng
Published: October 2014

Magnetite–graphene oxide composites were used for magnetic solid-phase extraction to preconcentrate trace sulfonamides in water samples before determination by high-performance liquid chromatography.
A practical strategy for chemical profiling of herbal medicines using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry: a case study of Mori Cortex
Authors: Jing Wanghui , Yan Ru , Wang Yitao
Published: October 2014

A MIM-IDA-EPI-based strategy was proposed as a practical tool for the comprehensive characterization of the chemical profile of Mori Cortex.
The first airborne comparison of N2O5 measurements over the UK using a CIMS and BBCEAS during the RONOCO campaign
Authors: Le Breton Michael , Bacak Asan , Muller Jennifer B. A. , Bannan Thomas J. , Kennedy Oliver , Ouyang Bin , Xiao Ping , Bauguitte Stéphane J.-B. , Shallcross Dudley E. , Jones Roderic L. , Daniels Mark J. S. , Ball Stephen M. , Percival Carl J.
Published: October 2014

An assessment of simultaneous airborne measurements of dinitrogen pentoxide by a CIMS and BBCEAS.
Electromembrane extraction using a cylindrical electrode: a new view for the augmentation of extraction efficiency
Authors: Asl Yousef Abdossalami , Yamini Yadollah , Rezazadeh Maryam , Seidi Shahram
Published: October 2014

For the first time, a cylindrical electrode that surrounded a hollow fiber membrane was introduced in electromembrane extraction.
Crown ethers attenuate aggregation of amyloid beta of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Tian Yanli , Zhang Xueli , Li Yuyan , Shoup Timothy M. , Teng Xin , Elmaleh David R. , Moore Anna , Ran Chongzhao
Published: October 2014

Crown ethers were used to “neutralize” positive charges of the amino groups of Aβs through the formation of hydrogen bonds, and thus inhibit the aggregation of Aβs.
In situ labelling chemistry of respiratory syncytial viruses by employing the biotinylated host-cell membrane protein for tracking the early stage of virus entry
Authors: Zheng Lin Ling , Yang Xiao Xi , Liu Yue , Wan Xiao Yan , Wu Wen Bi , Wang Ting Ting , Wang Qiang , Zhen Shu Jun , Huang Cheng Zhi
Published: October 2014

Anin situstrategy for producing quantum dot-labelled respiratory syncytial viruses by incorporating the biotinylated membrane protein of the host cells into mature virions is reported.
Efficient synthesis of π-extended phenazasilines for optical and electronic applications
Authors: Li Huanhuan , Wang Yang , Yuan Kai , Tao Ye , Chen Runfeng , Zheng Chao , Zhou Xinhui , Li Junfeng , Huang Wei
Published: October 2014

The rhodium-catalyzed synthesis of phenazasilines from readily achievable biarylhydrosilanes is presented. This highly efficient method offers opportunities for preparing π-extended phenazasilines with enhanced optoelectronic properties for device applications in organic electronics.
A co-operative Ni–Cu system for Csp–Csp and Csp–Csp2 cross-coupling providing a direct access to unsymmetrical 1,3-diynes and en-ynes
Authors: Mukherjee Nirmalya , Kundu Debasish , Ranu Brindaban C.
Published: October 2014

An efficient cross coupling of alkynes with alkynyl and alkenyl halides catalysed by a Ni–Cu system without any ligand leading to the synthesis of a series of functionalised 1,3-di-ynes and en-ynes has been achieved.
Organic functionalisation of graphene catalysed by ferric perchlorate
Authors: Yang Lei , He Junpo
Published: October 2014

We have developed a method to prepare covalently functionalised graphene using ferric perchlorate as the catalyst.
Cucurbit[8]uril-based stimuli-responsive films as a sacrificial layer for preparation of free-standing thin films
Authors: Li Dan-dan , Chen Xia-chao , Ren Ke-feng , Ji Jian
Published: October 2014

A facile supramolecular route to prepare free-standing thin films by using cucurbit[8]uril-based stimuli-responsive films as a sacrificial layer is reported.
UCST behavior of polyampholytes based on stoichiometric RAFT copolymerization of cationic and anionic monomers
Authors: Zhang Qilu , Hoogenboom Richard
Published: October 2014

Polyampholytes with controlled equimolar ratio of charges were synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of cationic and anionic monomers and their UCST behavior is reported.
First principles study of point defects in SnS
Authors: Malone Brad D. , Gali Adam , Kaxiras Efthimios
Published: October 2014

An extensive study of defects in SnS was performed using density functional theory calculations on large supercells.
Temporary anion states of p-benzoquinone: shape and core-excited resonances
Authors: Cheng Hsiu-Yao , Huang Yu-Shiuan
Published: October 2014

The energies and lifetimes of shape and core-excited resonances ofp-benzoquinone have been studied in this paper. The obtained resonance parameters are of fundamental importance in understanding the bonding and electronic processes of quinones.
Direct observation of key photoinduced dynamics in a potential nano-delivery vehicle of cancer drugs
Authors: Sardar Samim , Chaudhuri Siddhi , Kar Prasenjit , Sarkar Soumik , Lemmens Peter , Pal Samir Kumar
Published: October 2014

The crucial photoinduced dynamics in ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) upon complexation with the cancer drug protoporphyrin IX (PP).
Structures and energies of Cu clusters on Fe and Fe3C surfaces from density functional theory computation
Authors: Tian Xinxin , Wang Tao , Yang Yong , Li Yong-Wang , Wang Jianguo , Jiao Haijun
Published: October 2014

Coverage and surface dependent adsorption configurations of Cun clusters on the Fe and Fe3C surfaces.
Evaluation of the photolysis of pharmaceuticals within a river by 2 year field observations and toxicity changes by sunlight
Authors: Hanamoto Seiya , Kawakami Tsukasa , Nakada Norihide , Yamashita Naoyuki , Tanaka Hiroaki
Published: October 2014

A step forward was made in estimating direct photolysis of chemicals and their photoproducts in the aquatic environment.
Mesoporous zirconium phosphonates as efficient catalysts for chemical CO2 fixation
Authors: Lin Xiu-Zhen , Yang Zhen-Zhen , He Liang-Nian , Yuan Zhong-Yong
Published: October 2014

Mesoporous zirconium phosphonates were used as highly effective catalysts for the heterogeneously catalyzing cycloaddition reaction between aziridines and CO2.
γ-Valerolactone as an alternative biomass-derived medium for the Sonogashira reaction
Authors: Strappaveccia Giacomo , Luciani Lorenzo , Bartollini Elena , Marrocchi Assunta , Pizzo Ferdinando , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: October 2014

γ-Valerolactone (GVL) can be used as an efficient and practical alternative to the banned and commonly used dipolar aprotic solvents.
Computational studies on the binding mechanism between triazolone inhibitors and Chk1 by molecular docking and molecular dynamics
Authors: Lv Min , Ma Shuying , Tian Yueli , Zhang Xiaoyun , Lv Wenjuan , Zhai Honglin
Published: October 2014

The 3D inhibitor–protein interaction diagram of (a) the Chk1–5acomplex (ΔGpred= −45.64 kcal mol−1) and (b) the Chk1–31complex (ΔGpred= −35.28 kcal mol−1) obtained from molecular dynamics simulations.
Band alignment of the hybrid halide perovskites CH3NH3PbCl3, CH3NH3PbBr3and CH3NH3PbI3
Authors: Butler Keith T. , Frost Jarvist M. , Walsh Aron
Published: October 2014

Valence band energies of three organic–inorganic perovskites are compared from electronic structure theory.
Homoleptic tris-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes with phenylimidazole ligands for highly efficient sky-blue OLEDs
Authors: Zhuang Jinyong , Li Wanfei , Wu Weichen , Song Minshun , Su Wenming , Zhou Ming , Cui Zheng
Published: October 2014

Sky-blue homoleptic iridium(iii) complexes with phenylimidazole ligands show consistent behavior that is linked to their ligand conjugation.
Origin of the relaxation barriers in a family of MReIV(CN)2 single-chain magnets (M = MnII, NiII, and CoII): a theoretical investigation
Authors: Zhang Yi-Quan , Luo Cheng-Lin
Published: October 2014

Theoretical exploration of the Δξ and ΔA in terms of D, J, and S in three MReIV(CN)2 single-chain magnets.
A bridge-like polymer synthesized by tandem metathesis cyclopolymerization and acyclic diene metathesis polymerization
Authors: Song Wei , Han Huijing , Wu Jianhua , Xie Meiran
Published: October 2014

A novel bridge-like polymer with excellent thermal stability, an ordered ladder-like structure, and a fence-like ribbon morphology was synthesized by tandem metathesis cyclopolymerization and acyclic diene metathesis polymerization.
Accelerated living cationic ring-opening polymerization of a methyl ester functionalized 2-oxazoline monomer
Authors: Bouten Petra J. M. , Hertsen Dietmar , Vergaelen Maarten , Monnery Bryn D. , Boerman Marcel A. , Goossens Hannelore , Catak Saron , van Hest Jan C. M. , Van Speybroeck Veronique , Hoogenboom Richard
Published: October 2014

Kinetic studies on the homo- and copolymerization of 2-methoxycarboxyethyl-2-oxazoline with 2-methyl-2-oxazoline and 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline is discussed.
Facile synthesis of Bi2S3–C composite microspheres as low-cost counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Zuo Xue-Qin , Yang Xiao , Zhou Lei , Yang Bo , Li Guang , Tang Huai-Bao , Zhang Hai-Jun , Wu Ming-Zai , Ma Yong-Qing , Jin Shao-Wei
Published: October 2014

The synergistic effect of the combination of conductive carbon and Bi2S3 can significantly improve the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs.
Reduced graphene oxide derived from used cell graphite and its green fabrication as an eco-friendly supercapacitor
Authors: Sudhakar Y. N. , Selvakumar M. , Bhat D. Krishna , Senthil Kumar S.
Published: October 2014

Recycle of used cell graphite to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using eco-friendly reducing agent under microwave treatment.
Long-term stabilization of reflective foams in sea water
Authors: Aziz Alex , Hailes Helen C. , Ward John M. , Evans Julian R. G.
Published: October 2014

Stable seawater foams with excellent reflectance have been synthesised and characterized. One application of oceanic foams is to increase planetary albedo.
DNA-mediated phase transfer of DNA-functionalized quantum dots using reverse micelles
Authors: Kato Tomoharu , Fujimoto Yuhei , Shimomura Ayane , Maruyama Tatsuo
Published: October 2014

We report the selective phase transfer of DNA-functionalized CdTe quantum dots (DNA-QDs) from an aqueous phase to an organic phase using reverse micelles and a DNA surfactant.
Highly strong and highly tough electrospun polyimide/polyimide composite nanofibers from binary blend of polyamic acids
Authors: He Yunyun , Han Donghua , Chen Juan , Ding Yichun , Jiang Shaohua , Hu Chunxiang , Chen Shuiliang , Hou Haoqing
Published: October 2014

Aligned electrospun PI nanofibers with excellent mechanical properties were prepared by electrospinning blend-PAA solutions followed by thermal imidization.
Au NPs driven electrochemiluminescence aptasensors for sensitive detection of fumonisin B1
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Luo Yaodong , Li Tongtong , Song Qijun
Published: October 2014

A simple gold nanoparticles–Ir complex driven electrochemiluminescence aptasensors was fabricated for the sensitive detection of fumonisin B1.
Reduction of graphene oxide – a comprehensive electrochemical investigation in alkaline and acidic electrolytes
Authors: Kar Tathagata , Devivaraprasad Ruttala , Singh Ramesh Kumar , Bera Bapi , Neergat Manoj
Published: October 2014

Electrochemical characterization to investigate the extent of reduction and the nature of reminiscent oxygen moieties in GO-based materials.
Facile single step synthesis of an acid functionalized nano porous carbon composite as an efficient catalyst for tertiary butylation of phenol
Authors: Nandan Devaki , Viswanadham Nagabhatla
Published: October 2014

A simple, one step, simultaneous carbonization and sulfonation of petroleum waste coal tar was conducted to produce acid functionalized nano porous carbon and applied for tertiary butylation of phenol.
An odorless, one-pot synthesis of nitroaryl thioethers via SNAr reactions through the in situ generation of S-alkylisothiouronium salts
Authors: Lu Guo-ping , Cai Chun
Published: October 2014

The synthesis of nitroaryl thioethers using thiourea as the sulfur source in water by an odorless one-pot process was disclosed.
Cyclodextrin mediated polymer coupling via thiol–maleimide conjugation: facile access to functionalizable hydrogels
Authors: Arslan M. , Gevrek T. N. , Sanyal A. , Sanyal R.
Published: October 2014

Fabrication of well-defined chemically cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels using the thiol–maleimide addition reaction is reported.
Multiangle dynamic light scattering for the improvement of multimodal particle size distribution measurements
Authors: Naiim M. , Boualem A. , Ferre C. , Jabloun M. , Jalocha A. , Ravier P.
Published: October 2014

Resolution of particle size distribution is improved by applying a new inversion method based on Bayesian inference to MDLS measurements.
Effect of entrapped phase on the filling characteristics of closed-end nanopores
Authors: Bakli Chirodeep , Chakraborty Suman
Published: October 2014

We investigated the filling dynamics in closed-end capillaries of sub-micron length scale, in which the displacing phase advances at the expense of the entrapped phase.
Visible light enhanced removal of a sulfur mustard gas surrogate from a vapor phase on novel hydrous ferric oxide/graphite oxide composites
Authors: Arcibar-Orozco Javier A. , Bandosz Teresa J.
Published: October 2014

High surface area composites consisting of iron oxyhydroxides and graphite oxide/aminated graphite oxide are efficient media for adsorption/decontamination of a mustard gas surrogate (CEES).
Influence of linker molecules on interfacial electron transfer and photovoltaic performance of quantum dot sensitized solar cells
Authors: Yang Junwei , Oshima Takuya , Yindeesuk Witoon , Pan Zhenxiao , Zhong Xinhua , Shen Qing
Published: October 2014

The influence of linker molecules on the electron transfer rate and photovoltaic performance of the resultant QDSCs has been investigated.
Electromagnetic interference shielding through MWNT grafted Fe3O4 nanoparticles in PC/SAN blends
Authors: Pawar Shital Patangrao , Marathe Dhruva A. , Pattabhi K. , Bose Suryasarathi
Published: October 2014

In this study, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were chemically grafted onto dopamine anchored iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles via diazotization reaction to design electromagnetic (EM) shielding materials based on PC (polycarbonate)/SAN [poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile)] blends.
First principles guide to tune h-BN nanostructures as superior light-element-based hydrogen storage materials: role of the bond exchange spillover mechanism
Authors: Kumar E. Mathan , Sinthika S. , Thapa Ranjit
Published: October 2014

Metal free surface for H2 storage: bond exchange mechanism.
One-step hydrothermal synthesis of NiCo2S4–rGO as an efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Wu Jianghong , Dou Shuo , Shen Anli , Wang Xin , Ma Zhaoling , Ouyang Canbin , Wang Shuangyin
Published: October 2014

A one step hydrothermally synthesized NiCo2S4–rGO hybrid shows excellent catalytic activity over NiCo2O4–rGO and close to Pt/C but with better stability.
Direct growth of porous crystalline NiCo2O4 nanowire arrays on a conductive electrode for high-performance electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Yu Xingxing , Sun Zijun , Yan Zhiping , Xiang Bin , Liu Xiang , Du Pingwu
Published: October 2014

Herein we report a facile and direct synthesis of porous NiCo2O4 nanowire arrays (NWAs) with robust mechanical adhesion to conductive electrodes by a simple two-step method for efficient water oxidation.
Reverse micelles based on biocompatible β-cyclodextrin conjugated polyethylene glycol block polylactide for protein delivery
Authors: Gu Wen-Xing , Zhu Mingran , Song Nan , Du Xiaoxu , Yang Ying-Wei , Gao Hui
Published: October 2014

The oil-based formulation fabricated from biodegradable PEG-b-PLA-CD copolymers with high drug loading showed great potential for protein delivery.
Pseudo metal generation via catalytic oxidative polymerization on the surface of reactive template for redox switched off–on photothermal therapy
Authors: Bae Seo Ryung , Choi Jihye , Kim Hyun-Ouk , Kang Byunghoon , Kim Myeong-Hoon , Han Seungmin , Noh Ilkoo , Lim Jong-Woo , Suh Jin-Suk , Huh Yong-Min , Haam Seungjoo
Published: October 2014

An autonomous redox-responsive switched off–on photothermal therapeutic agent is introduced by a novel catalytic oxidative approach to polyaniline generation.
Preparation of porous cellulose 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate hybrid organosilica particles for chromatographic applications
Authors: Weng Xilun , Bao Zongbi , Zhang Zhiguo , Su Baogen , Xing Huabin , Yang Qiwei , Yang Yiwen , Ren Qilong
Published: October 2014

Organic–inorganic hybrids incorporating cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC)-functionalized silica particles can exhibit a high loading capacity with high loadings of the chiral selector.
A facile approach to modify poly(dimethylsiloxane) surfaces via visible light-induced grafting polymerization
Authors: Xiong Xinhong , Wu Zhaoqiang , Pan Jingjing , Xue Lulu , Xu Yajun , Chen Hong
Published: October 2014

We have demonstrated a simple and effective approach for the functional surface modification of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)viavisible light-induced grafting polymerization at room temperature.
Encapsulating carbon nanotubes with SiO2: a strategy for applying them in polymer nanocomposites with high mechanical strength and electrical insulation
Authors: Zeng Xiaoliang , Yu Shuhui , Ye Lei , Li Mingyang , Pan Zhilong , Sun Rong , Xu Jianbin
Published: October 2014

SiO2coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes filled polymer nanocomposites with high mechanical strength and electrical insulation were developed and employed to fabricate a printed circuit substrate.
Flexible metal–organic framework-based one-dimensional photonic crystals
Authors: Hu Zhihong , Tao Cheng-an , Wang Fang , Zou Xiaorong , Wang Jianfang
Published: October 2014

Flexible metal–organic framework-based, one-dimensional photonic crystals, which can selectively respond to various vapors due to the “breathing effect”, were fabricated.
Nanostructured PEDOT:PSS film with two-dimensional photonic quasi crystals for efficient white OLED devices
Authors: Rippa Massimo , Capasso Rossella , Petti Lucia , Nenna Giuseppe , De Girolamo Del Mauro Anna , Maglione Maria Grazia , Minarini Carla
Published: October 2014

Polymeric nanostructured highly conductive films with Photonic Quasi Crystal topologies are presented with possibilities to open the path towards highly efficient white OLEDs.
Preparation of quantum dot/polymer light conversion films with alleviated Förster resonance energy transfer redshift
Authors: Chen Chih-Jung , Lin Chee-Cheng , Lien Jiun-Yi , Wang Sue-Lein , Chiang Ray-Kuang
Published: October 2014

A hybrid QD/polymer light conversion film containing both green- and red-emission QD nanoclusters shows minimized G/R FRET effect.
Molecular doping of ZnO by ammonia: a possible shallow acceptor
Authors: Bang Junhyeok , Sun Yi-Yang , West Damien , Meyer Bruno K. , Zhang Shengbai
Published: October 2014

Ammonia can assume a Zn site in ZnO forming an isovalent substitutional defect, which can become an acceptor by capturing an interstitial H atom.
Area‐efficient method to approximate two minima for LDPC decoders
Authors: Jung Jaehwan , Lee Youngjoo , Park In‐Cheol
Published: October 2014

A simple yet effective method is proposed to reduce the hardware complexity of min‐sum‐based low‐density parity‐check (LDPC) decoders. The proposed method finds the second minimum from the last four candidates of the first minimum, and can be implemented with only a few hardware components. In the case of 64 inputs, the proposed method reduces the comparators and 2‐to‐1 multiplexers by 48 and 64% compared to the conventional method that finds two exact minima.
Design for security test against fault injection attacks
Authors: Shao Cuiping , Li Huiyun , Xu Guoqing , Xiong Liying
Published: October 2014

A design‐for‐test method on cryptographic integrated circuits against fault injection attacks is proposed. The method involves identifying the sensitive registers, inserting the scan chain accordingly and functioning in test mode during the fault injection security test. The transient errors caused by fault injection can be quickly and efficiently revealed for security evaluation, but the errors cannot be exploited by the attackers to compromise the secret keys, due to isolation of the secret key related registers. The experimental result on a Chinese remainder theorem‐RSA implementation verifies the feasibility of the proposed method with the area overhead as low as 2.5%. The method is able to facilitate a fast and volume test.
High‐performance HfO2/ZrO2/IGZO thin‐film transistors deposited using atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Wu Chien‐Hung , Chang Kow‐Ming , Hsu Hsin‐Yu
Published: October 2014

An atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) deposition technology that is employed for the preparation of transparent oxide semiconductors film using an eco‐friendly water‐based metal salt solution as a precursor is presented. Through the use of APPJ indium–gallium–zinc‐oxide (IGZO) film as the channel material and a high‐k dielectric HfO2/ZrO2 gate stack, IGZO‐based transparent thin‐film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated and characterised. The HfO2/ZrO2/IGZO‐TFTs by APPJ demonstrated excellent electrical characteristics, including a low Vth of 0.63 V, a small subthreshold swing of 0.37 V/dec, a high mobility of 40 cm2/V‐s and a large Ion/Ioff ratio of 7 × 108.
Magnetic sheet‐backed search coil for pulsed‐induction metal detector system
Authors: Kim Bobae , Lee Seung‐eui , Han Seung‐Hoon , Kim Kangwook
Published: October 2014

Magnetic sheet backing of the search coil is proposed to improve the detection range of a pulsed‐induction (PI) metal detector (MD) system. A planar square spiral mono coil is printed on an FR‐4 substrate, and layers of magnetic sheets are attached to the substrate. The coil geometry is modelled using the finite‐element method, and the static magnetic field distributions are compared. With the magnetic sheet backing, the magnetic field is shown to increase in the target direction and to decrease in the opposite direction. The coils are fabricated and applied to a PI MD system. It is demonstrated that the proposed magnetic sheet‐backed search coils have longer detection ranges than the coil without magnetic sheet backing.
Frequency‐based image deblurring with periodic point spread function
Authors: Wang Zhenglin , Lee Ivan
Published: October 2014

A frequency‐based image deblurring method is proposed. Unlike the traditional ways of replicating target images, a periodic point spread function (PSF) is constructed. By investigating the periodic PSF under the Fourier domain, it has been found that noises at different frequencies produce significantly varying impacts on the reconstruction quality. Therefore, the Fourier slice theorem is utilised to select partial Fourier samples and to avoid the noises that can severely damage performance. A sparse‐inducing method is then developed to recover a clear image from the selected Fourier samples.
Compact microstrip triplexer based on twist‐modified asymmetric split‐ring resonators
Authors: Huang Yongjun , Wen Guangjun , Li Jian
Published: October 2014

On the basis of strong mixed couplings of two adjacent modified asymmetric split‐ring resonators (SRRs), a compact microstrip filter unit is designed and its triplexer application is experimentally demonstrated by properly arranging the layout of three different sized filter units. The cross size of the proposed triplexer is only 20 × 16 mm. Both experimental and numerical results are obtained, which agree quite well with each other. The results show that such triplexer exhibits three quite close channels (2.15/2.95/3.80 GHz) and the isolations for all the three output ports are <20 dB. The proposed triplexer can be flexibly integrated in the miniaturised multi‐frequency/model radio frequency/microwave circuits.
Wideband power amplifier for two‐way radio applications via real‐frequency technique
Authors: Aridas N.K. , Yarman B.S. , Chacko P.
Published: October 2014

The requirements of two‐way radio applications in the wideband operating frequency are stringent, particularly for the power amplifier (PA) design. A novel design method for a wideband PA matching network for two‐way radio applications is proposed. The design method begins with identifying an initial guess of the matching network from the theoretical analysis, followed by a practical design methodology to realise the design in the compact form factor and low cost implementation. Experimental results demonstrated an output power of ∼7 W and an efficiency of about 65%, demonstrated high power performance (including stable operation and ruggedness) from 270 to 560 MHz running at a low DC supply of 7.2 V (with LDMOS device technology).
Number of wavelengths required in m‐arity tree networks
Authors: Abbas R.S. , Al‐Aboody N. , Al‐Raweshidy H.S.
Published: October 2014

A theory to allocate a wavelength in the tree networks coordinated arrangement in m‐arity networks is proposed. Wavelength required equations to support all‐to‐all unicasting in the network according to its depth are presented. Three cases are examined: when nodes are only targets, sources or target and source in the same time. The trade‐off between wavelength cost and wavelength conversion cost is considered; therefore, concentration is on wavelength allocation without conversion.
Influence of composition in InAs/GaSb type‐II superlattices on their optical properties
Authors: Tian Z.‐B. , Plis E.A. , Hinkey R.T. , Krishna S.
Published: October 2014

An experimental investigation of the optical properties of mid‐wave infrared (MWIR) InAs/GaSb type‐II superlattices (T2‐SLs) with different compositions is presented. The temperature‐dependent absorption spectra of MWIR T2‐SLs are extracted from optical transmission measurements. The results show that the optical properties in T2‐SLs are closely related to the composition of the superlattice. The absorption coefficient increases with increased temperature, due to bandgap narrowing. The influence of scattering/broadening on the shape of the absorption spectra is also discussed.
Ultrasensitive terahertz sensing with high-Q Fano resonances in metasurfaces
Authors: Singh Ranjan , Cao Wei , Al-Naib Ibraheem , Cong Longqing , Withayachumnankul Withawat , Zhang Weili
Published: October 2014

High quality factor resonances are extremely promising for designing ultra-sensitive refractive index label-free sensors, since it allows intense interaction between electromagnetic waves and the analyte material. Metamaterial and plasmonic sensing have recently attracted a lot of attention due to subwavelength confinement of electromagnetic fields in the resonant structures. However, the excitation of high quality factor resonances in these systems has been a challenge. We excite an order of magnitude higher quality factor resonances in planar terahertz metamaterials that we exploit for ultrasensitive sensing. The low-loss quadrupole and Fano resonances with extremely narrow linewidths enable us to measure the minute spectral shift caused due to the smallest change in the refractive index of the surrounding media. We achieve sensitivity levels of 7.75 × 103 nm/refractive index unit (RIU) with quadrupole and 5.7 × 104 nm/RIU with the Fano resonances which could be further enhanced by using thinner substrates. These findings would facilitate the design of ultrasensitive real time chemical and biomolecular sensors in the fingerprint region of the terahertz regime.
Invited Review Article: Advanced light microscopy for biological space research
Authors: De Vos Winnok H. , Beghuin Didier , Schwarz Christian J. , Jones David B. , van Loon Jack J. W. A. , Bereiter-Hahn Juergen , Stelzer Ernst H. K.
Published: October 2014

As commercial space flights have become feasible and long-term extraterrestrial missions are planned, it is imperative that the impact of space travel and the space environment on human physiology be thoroughly characterized. Scrutinizing the effects of potentially detrimental factors such as ionizing radiation and microgravity at the cellular and tissue level demands adequate visualization technology. Advanced light microscopy (ALM) is the leading tool for non-destructive structural and functional investigation of static as well as dynamic biological systems. In recent years, technological developments and advances in photochemistry and genetic engineering have boosted all aspects of resolution, readout and throughput, rendering ALM ideally suited for biological space research. While various microscopy-based studies have addressed cellular response to space-related environmental stressors, biological endpoints have typically been determined only after the mission, leaving an experimental gap that is prone to bias results. An on-board, real-time microscopical monitoring device can bridge this gap. Breadboards and even fully operational microscope setups have been conceived, but they need to be rendered more compact and versatile. Most importantly, they must allow addressing the impact of gravity, or the lack thereof, on physiologically relevant biological systems in space and in ground-based simulations. In order to delineate the essential functionalities for such a system, we have reviewed the pending questions in space science, the relevant biological model systems, and the state-of-the art in ALM. Based on a rigorous trade-off, in which we recognize the relevance of multi-cellular systems and the cellular microenvironment, we propose a compact, but flexible concept for space-related cell biological research that is based on light sheet microscopy.
Electrical characterization of H2S adsorption on hexagonal WO3 nanowire at room temperature
Authors: Liu Binquan , Tang Dongsheng , Zhou Yong , Yin Yanling , Peng Yuehua , Zhou Weichang , Qin Zhu'ai , Zhang Yong
Published: October 2014

We have characterized the electrical transport properties of Au/WO3 nanowire/Au devices in ambient air and gaseous H2S to investigate the adsorption kinetics of H2S molecules on the surface of WO3 nanowire at room temperature. The WO3 nanowire devices exhibit increasing linear conductance and electrical hysteresis in H2S. Furthermore, the contact type between Au electrode and WO3 nanowire can be converted from original ohmic/Schottky to Schottky/ohmic after being exposed to H2S. These results suggest that adsorbed H2S molecules are oxidized by holes to form hydrogen ions and S atoms, which will result in formation of hydrogen tungsten bronze and desorption of previously chemically adsorbed H2O molecules. Adsorbed H2S molecules can also oxidize previously adsorbed and ionized oxygen, which will release the electrons from the ionized oxygen and then weaken upward band bending at the surface of WO3 nanowire.
Damped reaction field method and the accelerated convergence of the real space Ewald summation
Authors: Elvira Victor H. , MacDowell Luis G.
Published: October 2014

In this paper, we study a general theoretical framework which allows us to approximate the real space Ewald sum by means of effective force shifted screened potentials, together with a self term. Using this strategy it is possible to generalize the reaction field method, as a means to approximate the real space Ewald sum. We show that this method exhibits faster convergence of the Coulomb energy than several schemes proposed recently in the literature while enjoying a much more sound and clear electrostatic significance. In terms of the damping parameter of the screened potential, we are able to identify two clearly distinct regimes of convergence. First, a reaction field regime corresponding to the limit of small screening, where effective pair potentials converge faster than the Ewald sum. Second, an Ewald regime, where the plain real space Ewald sum converges faster. Tuning the screening parameter for optimal convergence occurs essentially at the crossover. The implication is that effective pair potentials are an alternative to the Ewald sum only in those cases where optimization of the convergence error is not possible.
Cold testing of quasi-optical mode converters using a generator for non-rotating high-order gyrotron modes
Authors: Kim S. G. , Kim D. S. , Choe M. S. , Lee W. , So J. , Choi E. M.
Published: October 2014

In this paper, we test the performance of a quasi-optical, internal-gyrotron mode converter. When cold testing mode converters, a rotating higher-order mode is commonly used. However, this requires a nontrivial design and precise alignment. We thus propose a new technique for testing gyrotron mode converters by using a simple, non-rotating, higher-order mode generator. We demonstrate the feasibility of this technique for a W-band gyrotron quasi-optical mode converter by examining the excitation of a TE6,2 mode from a non-rotating mode generator. Our results demonstrate that this new cold-test scheme is an easy and efficient method for verifying the performance of quasi-optical mode converters.