bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new species of Notothylas (Notothyladaceae) from southwest China
Authors: ZHANG LI , ZUO QIN , LI JIANYOU , PENG TAO
Published: April 2019

Notothylas guizhouensis is described as a new species from Jiangkou County, Guizhou Province, SW China. The species is distinguished easily from the congeners by: 1) columella absent, 2) dehisence line consisting of two rows of brown, thick-walled cells, 3) involucre lacking lamellae, 4) epidermal cells of capsule moderately thick walled, 5) indistinctive equatorial girdle of spore, 6) mature spores dark brown, the proximal face divided into three flat facets by triradiate ridges, facets and distal face vermiculate, and 7) pseudoelaters consisting of 1–10 cells, mostly solitary, linear to plate-like, with weak spiral thickenings.
Rediscovering the rare bromeliad Araeococcus goeldianus L.B. Smith (Bromelioideae) in Brazil and an amendment to its description
Authors: PONTES RICARDO AMBRÓSIO S. DE , VERSIEUX LEONARDO M.
Published: April 2019

Araeococcus goeldianus L.B. Smith (1955) is endemic to the Guiana Shield (French Guiana and Brazil). It was described by specimens collected by J. Huber in 1895 in Amapá (Oiapoque, Vila Cunani), remaining undescribed for 60 years until its publication by Lyman B. Smith in 1955. The present work presents its rediscovery at the type locality, allowing us to extend its morphological characterization (floral structures, colors, measurements), presenting an amendment to the original description, besides information about habitat, conservation status (treated here as Vulnerable, D2), geographic distribution, photos of the species in its habitat, and structures under scanning electron microscopy.
Species of Horismenus Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with bruchid beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), including five new species
Authors: HANSSON CHRISTER , KENYON SARAH G. , BENREY BETTY
Published: April 2019

Species of Horismenus Walker associated with bruchid beetles are investigated and five new species are described. Some of the new species are very similar to already described species and have previously been misidentified. The new species include H. depressoides sp. nov. similar to H. depressus Gahan , H. stator sp. nov. similar to H. missouriensis (Ashmead), and H. dennoi & H. multistriatus spp. nov., both similar to H. butcheri Hansson & Aebi and one species, H. gabrielae sp. nov., that is morphologically distinct from the other species but also associated with this host group. All 14 Horismenus species associated with bruchid beetles are included in a key. New host and distributional records are included for H. depressus.
Pachyrhynchus elenae Rukmane, 2016, a new synonym of Pachyrhynchus phaleratus Waterhouse, 1841 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)
Authors: YOSHITAKE HIRAKU , BOLLINO MAURIZIO , SANDEL FRANCO
Published: April 2019

Pachyrhynchus phaleratus Waterhouse, 1841, an entimine weevil belonging to the tribe Pachyrhynchini Schoenherr, 1826, was originally described from “the Philippine Islands”, based on material collected by Hugh Cuming (Waterhouse 1841). The precise type locality of this species is unknown, but Schultze (1923) recorded it from Catanduanes Island in the Bicol region of Luzon, Philippines.
A taxonomic revision of Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Centrarchiformes: Cirrhitoidei) using morphological and genomic characters
Authors: LUDT WILLIAM B. , BURRIDGE CHRISTOPHER P. , CHAKRABARTY PROSANTA
Published: April 2019

Systematic relationships within the Cirrhitoidei, a suborder of five closely related families, have been uncertain for over a century. This is particularly true in reference to the families Cheilodactylidae and Latridae, which have been revised numerous times over the past several decades. Species that have been included in these two families are found in temperate regions around the world, which has led to regionally-focused studies that have only exacerbated taxonomic confusion. Here we examine systematic relationships within the Cheilodactylidae and the Latridae using ultraconserved genomic elements with near complete taxonomic sampling, and place our results in the context of the Cirrhitoidei. Our results agree with previous findings suggesting that Cheilodactylidae is restricted to two South African species, with the type species of the family, Cheilodactylus fasciatus Lacépède, forming a clade with C. pixi Smith that together is more closely related to the Chironemidae than to other species historically associated with the genus. We also strongly resolve the relationships of species within the Latridae. As a result of our analyses we revise the taxonomy of Latridae, name a new genus, and re-elevate Chirodactylus and Morwong.
Description of the larvae of Cotinis aliena Woodruff, 2008 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini), with a key to the known larvae of New World Gymnetini
Authors: GASCA-ÁLVAREZ HÉCTOR JAIME , WOODRUFF ROBERT E. , LÓPEZ CUAUHTÉMOC DELOYA
Published: April 2019

The larvae of Cotinis aliena Woodruff, 2008 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini), from the type locality in the Florida Keys (United States of America), are described and illustrated for the first time and compared with the known larvae of other Cotinis Burmeister, 1842 species. A revised key to the known third instars of New World Gymnetini is provided.
Application of structural health monitoring techniques to composite wing panels
Authors: Romano Fulvio , Ciminello Monica , Sorrentino Assunta , Mercurio Umberto
Published: April 2019

This detailed study proposes a structural health monitoring system which enables the identification, localisation, and correct measurement analysis, in relation to the damage and debonding induced by low energy impacts within aircraft composite wing panels. The said system has been envisaged as an offline system which aims to be considered as a valid alternative method in relation to the current first two maintenance approach levels: visual inspection, which is to be followed if necessary by ultrasonic scanning techniques. The architecture includes two different technologies which act at different frequency ranges: high-frequency sensors/actuators piezoceramics and low-frequency distributed fiber optic sensors. Experimental and numerical results on small stiffened panels are illustrated in this study, where technological verification and validation have been assessed within a laboratory-controlled environment. In addition, the potential benefit by utilising such techniques within the design of the aircraft composite structures has also been illustrated; in comparison with the current aircraft composite structures, a higher weight saving and better performing structures is foreseen.
Fluoridated Water Modifies the Effect of Breastfeeding on Dental Caries
Authors: Ha D.H. , Spencer A.J. , Peres K.G. , Rugg-Gunn A.J. , Scott J.A. , Do L.G.
Published: April 2019

Breastfeeding is important for health and development. Yet, the interaction between breastfeeding duration and usage of fluoridated water on caries experience has not been investigated. This study examined exposure to fluoridation as an effect modifier of the association between breastfeeding duration and caries. The 2012 to 2014 national population-based study of Australian children involved parental questionnaires and oral epidemiological assessment. Children were grouped by parent-reported breastfeeding duration into minimal (none or <1 mo), breastfed for 1 to <6 mo, breastfed for 6 to 24 mo, and sustained (>24 mo). Residential history and main water source used for the first 2 y of life were collected to group children into exposed (WF) and nonexposed (NF) to fluoridation. Socioeconomic status, infant formula feeding, and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption data were collected. The prevalence and severity of caries in children aged 5 to 6 y were primary outcomes. Multivariable regression models with robust error estimation were generated to compute prevalence ratios (PRs) and mean ratios (MRs) for 3 breastfeeding groups against the reference (breastfed for 6–24 mo). Of the 5- to 6-y-old children, 2,721 were in the WF and 1,737 were in the NF groups. The groups had comparable distributions of socioeconomic factors, infant formula feeding, and SSB consumption. There were U-shape distributions of caries experience among breastfeeding groups, being more pronounced among NF children. Among NF children, the minimal and sustained breastfeeding groups had significantly higher PR (1.4 [1.1–1.9] and 1.8 [1.4–2.4]) and MR (2.1 [1.4–3.3] and 2.4 [1.4–4.1]) than the reference group. However, among the WF children, this association between breastfeeding duration and caries attenuated after adjustment for other factors. The study contributes evidence of a nonlinear (U-shape) association between breastfeeding duration and dental caries. Early life exposure to fluoridated drinking water attenuated the potential cariogenic effect of both lack of and sustained breastfeeding.
A universal defect detection approach for various types of fabrics based on the Elo-rating algorithm of the integral image
Authors: Kang Xuejuan , Zhang Erhu
Published: April 2019

In order to overcome the shortcoming that a fabric defect detection method can only fit into a certain type of fabric, this paper presents a novel method by integrating the idea of the integral image into the Elo-rating algorithm (IIER), which can detect the defects of various types of fabric speedily. Firstly, the golden sub-blocks are extracted from defect-free images. The whole images are divided into many sub-blocks, and the integral images of these sub-blocks are obtained. Next, the R sub-blocks are randomly selected from these integral sub-blocks, and each block is assigned an initial Elo point. Afterwards, the R sub-blocks are matched against all sub-blocks and the Elo points are updated after each competition. Finally, regions with bright defects accumulate high Elo points and regions with dark defects accumulate low Elo points. Thus, the threshold value image can be obtained by thresholding the final Elo points, in which white, gray and black regions correspond to bright, dark-defect and defect-free regions, respectively. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on databases of three categories of fabric, namely raw fabric, yarn-dyed fabric and patterned fabric. The experimental results show that the IIER is a universal algorithm, which has high detection rate for different types of fabrics; in particular, the average correct detection rate can reach 100% for dot-patterned fabric. In addition, the detection time can be significantly reduced comparing with the Elo-rating algorithm (ER). Particularly for star-patterned fabric, the average detection time per image is 24.18 seconds less than the ER.
A novel analysis of spun yarn hairiness inside limited two-dimensional space
Authors: Xia Zhigang , Liu Xin , Wang KeZuo , Deng Bo , Xu Weilin
Published: April 2019

Surface hairiness of spun yarns is critical to the yarn post-processing deficiency and resultant fabric quality. Several test methods are available for measuring yarn hairiness but they cannot detect the accurate hair amount and precise hair length. This paper provides a novel method to perform accurate hairiness tests on the spun yarn. A new test apparatus was devised by installing a blowing pipe outside of the hairiness testing area comprising a projection receiver and a corresponding laser. The rectangle end plane of the blowing pipe air inlet is vertical to the laser plane and tangent to the edge line of the projection receiver surface. Pressure generated through this inlet stretches yarn wild hairiness straightly in one direction, and fully maps accurate hairiness amount and length configuration on the projection receiver surface. The subsequent measurement showed that this novel test apparatus detected more hairiness with improved accuracy in both number and length of hairiness. Approximately real gravimetric hairiness weight can be obtained by this method which is impracticable for other conventional photoelectric apparatus.
Effect of modified keratin from renewable sources on composites properties of synthetic isoprene rubber
Authors: Prochon Miroslawa
Published: April 2019

The present conducted research focused on elastomeric materials containing reinforcing modified keratin fibers in their composition. The applied keratin was modified by solvolysis reaction to obtain the product in the form of a hydrolysate. Then, the hydrolysate was modified by the addition reaction of keratin adduct with a plasticizer—technical stearin is commonly used in processing elastomers. The keratin hydrolysate adducts were used in a different weight proportion in the composites in which the carrier was isoprene rubber (IR; Cariflex 305). The obtained composites (rubber Cariflex composites (RC)) were subjected to a series of tests aimed at understanding the structure and interactions between biopolymers and other components of elastomeric mixtures. Mechanical properties, including hardness, the cross-linking density, and thermo-oxidative aging were investigated. Microbiological tests were carried out, which in turn allowed to determine the effect of introduced keratin in a modified hybrid form, to the elastomeric matrix. The test results indicate a significant improvement of some properties, especially when using 10 parts by weight of keratin adducts introduced into 100 parts by weight of IR rubber.
Full-Spectrum Social Science for a Broader View on Cohesion
Authors: Käihkö Ilmari , Haldén Peter
Published: April 2019

In October 2018, Armed Forces & Society published a special issue dedicated to broadening the perspective on military cohesion from the narrow focus on 20th and 21st Western state militaries and the microlevel. The special issue emphasized the need for a theoretical and methodological broadening of the study of cohesion: In order to understand the majority of armed groups in the world, it is necessary to investigate macro- and mesolevel preconditions of microlevel cohesion. Such preconditions include the existence of states, nations, and modern military organization. These are specific to modern, Western contexts, and rarely feature in historical or non-Western cases. In many cases, investigating these preconditions requires qualitative methods. In a critical response, Siebold contested some of the arguments of the special issue, claiming that our argument was exaggerated and our methodologies inadequate. In this reply, we seek to clarify some of the issues and arguments at stake.
Subtypes of Mental Health Stigma and Barriers to Care Among National Guard Personnel: Results of a Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Bryan Craig J. , Wood David , Applegarth Michael , Bryan AnnaBelle O.
Published: April 2019

U.S. National Guard (NG) military personnel experience many barriers to care such as limited access to health-care services and geographic separation from service providers. Although stigma and barriers to mental health care have been examined in the military, little is known about how different facets of stigma and barriers to care might impact different military subgroups. In a sample of 965 NG personnel, latent class analysis was used to identify distinct subgroups of stigma and barriers to care. Four groups were identified: no stigma or barriers (31%), mild stigma and barriers (30%), high stigma and career concerns (20%), and moderate stigma and barriers (20%). Classes significantly differed with respect to several demographic characteristics, rates of mental health conditions, and rates of previous suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Results suggest that different subgroups of NG personnel vary with respect to levels of perceived stigma, barriers to care, and mental health needs.
Enhancing Social Skills of Young Children With ADHD: Effects of a Sibling-Mediated Intervention
Authors: Daffner Molly S. , DuPaul George J. , Kern Lee , Cole Christine L. , Cleminshaw Courtney L.
Published: April 2019

Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at risk for experiencing problems with social functioning that are associated with adverse outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. To date, the most common ADHD treatments for children, psychostimulants and adult-mediated interventions, have had limited success reducing social impairments associated with ADHD. Using a non-concurrent multiple baseline across participants design, we examined the efficacy of a sibling-mediated social intervention for reducing negative and increasing positive social behaviors of three children with ADHD. We also assessed implementation integrity by the siblings, and acceptability from the perspective of the participant with ADHD, the siblings, and the parents. Results indicated that siblings learned and used specific social skills strategies with their siblings with ADHD that lead to increases in sharing, helping, and compromising behaviors for children with ADHD compared with baseline (Tau- U = 0.9531, p < .001). Summary of findings, study limitations, implications for research, and practice are discussed.
Streptococcus Milleri Head and Neck Abscesses: A Case Series
Authors: Foxton Christopher Robert , Kapila Smariti , Kong Justin , Thomson Neil John
Published: April 2019

Streptococcus milleri infections and abscesses in the head and neck region have been previously reported, but there is still a dearth of clinical literature on this topic. To add to the available reports and to promote a better understanding and awareness of this clinically important entity, we present this retrospective review of 7 cases of head and neck abscess caused by S milleri infection. We have placed particular emphasis on antibiotic sensitivity patterns. These patients—6 men and 1 woman, aged 28 to 73 years (mean: 42.7)—had been seen at a district general hospital in Gosford, Australia, over a 6-month period. All patients had undergone surgical intervention and had been treated with intravenous antibiotics. All the S milleri cultures were sensitive to penicillin G, cephalexin, and erythromycin. Six of these patients experienced a resolution of their abscess, while 1 patient died from overwhelmingsepsis. We believe that the initiation of penicillin G, cephalexin, or erythromycin is a good starting point for empiric therapy. S milleri should be considered as a causative organism in a patient who presents with a head and neck abscess, especially in the presence of a dental infection. Such a patient should be monitored closely for airway obstruction and distal infective sequelae. Also in this article, we compare our findings with those reported in two other published series.
Papillary Carcinoma in a Lingual Thyroid: An Unusual Presentation
Authors: Bhojwani Kiran M. , Hegde Mahesh Chandra , Alva Arathi , Vishwas K.V.
Published: April 2019

A lingual thyroid is a mass of ectopic thyroid tissue located in the midline of the base of the tongue. Its estimated prevalence ranges from 1 in 3,000 to 1 in 10,000 population. We report the interesting case of a 28-year-old woman who presented with a primary papillary carcinoma in a lingual thyroid and a histologically normal thyroid gland. To the best of our knowledge, this case probably represents only the second reported case of a follicular variant of a papillary carcinoma arising in a lingual thyroid.
Utility of Preoperative Hematologic Screening for Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Koshkareva Yekaterina A. , Cohen Michael , Gaughan John P. , Callanan Vincent , Szeremeta Wasyl
Published: April 2019

We conducted a 3-year retrospective study to examine the results of preoperative hematologic screening, the incidence of postoperative bleeding, and the possible relationship between the two factors in patients who had undergone tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. Our study population was made up of 875 patients—441 boys and 434 girls, aged 2 to 18 years (mean: 7.52 ± 4.25)—who had been treated at our institution from January 2004 through December 2006. In addition to demographic data, we compiled information on each patient's medical and surgical history, personal and family history of abnormal bleeding, indication for tonsillectomy, and preoperative hematologic screening results. The latter included determinations of the prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio (INR), and platelet count. A total of 748 patients (85.5%) had normal findings on preoperative hematologic screening, and 127 (14.5%) had at least one abnormality. Postoperatively, hemorrhagic complications occurred in 31 children (3.5%)—in 22 of the 748 patients with normal screening results (2.9%) and in 9 of the 127 with a screening abnormality (7.1%); the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.041). The abnormalities in the latter group consisted of an elevated INR but no otherwise identifiable coagulopathy. Another 14 patients with an abnormal screening result (11.0%) were found to have at least one coagulopathy that was newly diagnosed during our preoperative evaluation; they were treated perioperatively, and none bled postoperatively. Of 21 patients who had a personal or family history of abnormal bleeding, 5 (23.8%) were found to have a coagulopathy, but none bled following surgery. In conclusion, we found that preoperative hematologic screening identified patients with undiagnosed coagulopathies, and with appropriate treatment our surgeons were able to prevent some bleeding events in these patients. Our finding that patients with a mildly elevated INR had a higher incidence of postoperative hemorrhage warrants further study.
Hyoid Suspension Surgery with UPPP for the Treatment of Hypopharyngeal Airway Obstruction in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Karataylι-Özgürsoy Selmin , Demireller Alp
Published: April 2019

We report our experience with hyoid suspension surgery in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosed on the basis of polysomnographic criteria. We conducted a prospective, observational study of 20 patients—18 males and 2 females, aged 15 to 52 years (mean: 42. 1)—who were treated at our tertiary care center. All patients underwent hyoid suspension surgery and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) in a single session. Postoperative success was defined as either (1) a reduction in the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) from 20 or higher to less than 20 or (2) a reduction in AHI of at least 50%. Postoperative follow-up polysomnography indicated that surgery was successful in 18 of 20 patients (90%). No important complications were observed. We conclude that hyoid suspension surgery is an effective procedure with low morbidity for the treatment of OSA in selected patients with hypopharyngeal obstruction. We believe it is a good option for those patients who will not or cannot tolerate therapy with continuous positive airway pressure.
Puffed-Cheek Computed Tomography: A Dynamic Maneuver for Imaging Oral Cavity Tumors
Authors: Erdogan Nezahat , Bulbul Erdogan , Songu Murat , Uluc Engin , Onal Kazim , Apaydin Melda , Katilmis Huseyin
Published: April 2019

We conducted a prospective study to compare the effectiveness of conventional computed tomography (CT) and puffed-cheek CT in detecting the presence and extension of oral cavity malignant tumors. We enrolled 11 patients—5 men and 6 women, aged 32 to 85 years—who had a primary squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. These tumors were located in the floor of the mouth in 4 patients, in the buccal mucosa in 4, in both the buccal mucosa and retromolar trigone in 2, and in the retromolar trigone only in 1. First, conventional contrast-enhanced axial CT was obtained through the oral cavity and neck in each patient. Next, axial imaging was obtained through the oral cavity while patients inflated their cheeks, pursed their lips, and held their breath. We found that the puffed-cheek CTs provided more information regarding the size and extent of the squamous cell carcinomas than did the conventional CTs. For example, in 8 patients, conventional CT could not differentiate the tumor from the normal mucosal surface, but puffed-cheek images clearly showed the surface of the tumor as distinct from the normal mucosa. More disconcerting was the fact that in the other 3 patients, conventional CTs were evaluated as normal, even though puffed-cheek imaging clearly showed the mass in each case. We conclude that puffed-cheek CT is superior to conventional CT for evaluating the mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity. It provides a clearer and more detailed picture with no downside.
Endoscopic Coblation for the Treatment of Advanced Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma
Authors: Pierson Brandon , Powitzky Rosser , Digoy G. Paul
Published: April 2019

We present 2 cases of advanced juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) to illustrate the advantages of endoscopic Coblation-assisted resection of intranasal extensions of these masses. Both patients—an 11-year-old boy and a 14-year-old boy—presented with a large, extensive mass (Radkowski stage IIIb and Fisch stage IVb in both cases). After embolization was performed on each patient, his JNA was partially ablated via an endoscopic approach with the Coblator II Surgery System with an EVac Xtra Plasma Wand in conjunction with an image-guided navigation system. Both patients experienced resolution of their nasal obstruction with removal of the intranasal extension of the tumor. Coblation allowed for a controlled debulking of the tumors with less blood loss and without the need for multiple instruments. To the best of our knowledge, our report is one of the first to describe image-guided endoscopic Coblation of advanced JNA tumors. Future studies in adequately sized populations are needed to determine the safety and effectiveness of Coblation-assisted endoscopic removal of both advanced and lower-stage JNAs.
A Preliminary Study of the Use of Ultrasound in Defining Nasal Fractures: Criteria for a Confident Diagnosis
Authors: Ardeshirpour Farhad , Ladner Keith M. , Shores Carol G. , Shockley William W.
Published: April 2019

Nasal fractures are usually diagnosed by clinical examination, with or without the support of imaging studies. While plain-film radiography lacks sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing nasal fractures, and computed tomography (CT) is not always practical or cost-effective, ultrasonography (US) may be useful in this regard. The criteria by which adult nasal fractures are reliably identified on US must be clear. We conducted a preliminary prospective, controlled, observational study to define the appearance of nasal fractures on US. We used US to image 12 patients with a clinical or radiologic (CT or x-ray) diagnosis of nasal fracture. All patients presented within 2 weeks of their injury. For comparison purposes, we also obtained US images from 12 control subjects who had no history of nasal trauma or surgery. We found that we could confidently diagnose nasal fractures on lateral-view US on the basis of a disruption of bone continuity and/or displacement of fracture segments. However, our findings were not as consistent with dorsal-view US, and we do not believe it is adequate for diagnosis. We conclude that lateral US can be used to detect nasal fractures in adults, but further studies are needed to assess its sensitivity, specificity, cost-effectiveness, and practicality.
Transdermal Scopolamine in the Management of Postparotidectomy Salivary Fistula
Authors: Gallo Andrea , Manciocco Valentina , Pagliuca Giulio , Martellucci Salvatore , de Vincentiis Marco
Published: April 2019

Parotid fistula represents an uncommon complication in parotid surgery. Its early recognition contributes to successful management. The condition is distressing for both the patient and the surgeon, since conservative and operative treatment frequently fail. There is no consensus on the optimal management of parotid gland fistula. The aim of this study is to describe a new, simple procedure in the treatment of this condition using transdermal scopolamine. We report 3 cases of salivary fistulae occurring after parotidectomy. The patients were admitted to our department with swelling in the parotid region and an output of clear drainage from the drain site during oral intake. The patients were treated with a scopolamine transdermal release system applied to hairless skin overlying the parotid region. A prompt and remarkable decrease in daily salivary output was observed. Fistulae healed completely within 3 days. No collateral effects were observed. Parotid fistulae do not generally occur as a complication of parotidectomies. Their management can be difficult, and several methods of treatment have been attempted. We believe that the use of transdermal scopolamine is a valid option in the treatment of parotid fistulae without causing collateral effects.
Case Report: Dermal Inclusion Cyst of the External Auditory Canal
Authors: Cerrati Eric W. , Kulbersh Jonathan S. , Lambert Paul R.
Published: April 2019

Dermal inclusion cysts are benign masses that arise as the result of the entrapment of ectodermal components during embryogenesis. Their presenting symptoms are a direct result of the mass effect of the growingcyst. We describe the case of a 23-month-old girl who presented with a single, large dermal inclusion cyst in the external auditory canal. Our review of the literature revealed that only 2 other cases of a dermal inclusion cyst in this location have been previously reported.
How to Approach a Bilobed Petrous Apex Granuloma: A Case Report
Authors: Benson Aaron G.
Published: April 2019

Cholesterol granulomas are the most common lesions involving the petrous apex. However, they are still an uncommon finding overall, and they often remain undiagnosed until they have become extremely large and symptomatic. Many surgical approaches to the petrous apex exist. Factors that often influence the surgical approach include the surgeon's experience, the patient's anatomy, and the patient's hearing status. The purpose of this case report—which involved a 66-year-old woman who was referred to our clinic for evaluation of severe headaches, dizziness, and left sided pulsatile tinnitus—is to demonstrate the definitive need for an extended middle fossa approach when a bilobed petrous apex mass is encountered.
A Rare Cause of Submandibular Swelling in a 12-year-old child: Pleomorphic Adenoma
Authors: Braich Puneet S. , Shetty Shohan , Lingampally Archana , Ajemian Michael S. , Bhaya Mahesh H.
Published: April 2019

Pleomorphic adenoma is rare in pediatric populations, where viral and congenital problems are the usual culprits responsible for submandibular masses. We report the case of a 12-year-old child who presented with a painless right submandibular mass that had developed over the course of 4 months. The patient denied fever, erythema, and edema. The mass was diagnosed as a branchial cleft cyst before complete excision was performed. The pattern and etiology of a pleomorphic adenoma in children differs from those in adults. In children, it requires prompt and correct diagnosis to keep morbidity and mortality at a minimum.
When is a Neck Lump not a Neck Lump? Initial Presentation of a Solitary Sternocleidomastoid Muscle in an Adult
Authors: Kumar Sonia , Jervis Surie , Uppal Harpreet
Published: April 2019

A 70-year-old woman was referred to us for evaluation of a presumed left-sided neck mass. The referral was based on the visual appearance of subtle neck asymmetry. The patient reported no ENT symptoms. Clinical examination and ultrasonography identified no pathology, but computed tomography revealed that the asymmetry was present because the patient's right sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) was absent. The SCM on the left side was normal. Congenital absence of an SCM is uncommon, and to the best of our knowledge, an initial presentation in an adult has not been previously reported in the literature.
A Case of Direct Intracranial Extension of Tuberculous Otitis Media
Authors: Kim Dong-Kee , Park Shi-Nae , Park Kyung-Ho , Yeo Sang Won
Published: April 2019

We describe a very rare case of tuberculous otitis media (TOM) with direct intracranial extension. The patient was a 55-year-old man who presented to our ENT clinic for evaluation of severe headaches and right-sided otorrhea. A biopsy of granulation tissue obtained from the right external auditory canal demonstrated chronic inflammation that was suggestive of mycobacterial infection. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain indicated intracranial extension of TOM through a destroyed tegmen mastoideum. After 2 months of antituberculous medication, the headaches and otorrhea were controlled, and the swelling in the external ear canal subsided greatly. Rarely does TOM spread intracranially. In most such cases, intracranial extension of tuberculosis occurs as the result of hematogenous or lymphogenous spread. In rare cases, direct spread through destroyed bone can occur, as it did in our patient.
Osteochondroma of the Nasal Dorsum Presenting as a Nasal Hump
Authors: Tutar Hakan , Dinç Aykut Erdem , Uluoğlu Ömer , Yilmaz Metin
Published: April 2019

We describe the case of a 24-year-old man who underwent open septorhinoplasty for the treatment of progressive nasal disfigurement caused by a nasal hump. Postoperative histopathology of the resected hump revealed that it was an osteochondroma. The patient showed no evidence of recurrence during 2 years of follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of an osteochondroma involving the nasal dorsum to be reported in the English-language literature.
Endoscopic Modified Lothrop Approach for the Excision of Bilateral Frontal Sinus Tumors
Authors: Thong Jiun Fong , Chatterjee Deyali , Hwang Siew Yoong
Published: April 2019

We describe the use of an endoscopic modified Lothrop approach for clearance of an extensive sinonasal-type hemangiopericytoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses with bilateral frontal sinus involvement in a 44-year-old woman. The modified Lothrop approach is conventionally used to treat sinusitis, but with some slight modifications to the technique, it can also be used for tumor excision.
Condyloma Acuminatum of the Buccal Mucosa
Authors: Jaiswal Rashmi , Pandey Manoj , Shukla Mridula , Kumar Mohan
Published: April 2019

Condyloma acuminatum is a human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced disease. It is usually transmitted sexually, and it frequently occurs in the anogenital area. A finding of condyloma acuminatum in the oral cavity is rare. Besides HPV, other risk factors for oral condyloma include chewing betel quid and smoking. We report the case of a 52-year-old man who presented with a 2 × 2-cm verrucous white patch on his buccal mucosa. He was habituated to both betel quid and cigarette smoking. A biopsy of the lesion identified it as a verrucous hyperplasia of the squamous epithelium with HPV-related koilocytic changes. The lesion was excised, and further histopathology identified it as condyloma acuminatum. The patient was disease-free 9 months postoperatively. The possibility of condyloma acuminatum should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an oral white lesion. The most common treatments are surgical excision, cryosurgery, electrocautery, and laser excision. There is no known role for antiviral therapy.
Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor Metastatic to the Thyroid: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Lastra Ricardo R. , Newman Jason G. , Brooks John S. , Huang Jui-Han
Published: April 2019

Ossifying fibromyxoid tumors are rare soft-tissue neoplasms, usually with an indolent course. However, atypical/ malignant variants have been described, showing either local recurrence after complete excision or metastasis to the lungs, mediastinum, adrenals, or soft tissue. We report the case of an ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of the left ankle that metastasized to the lung and thyroid gland 12 years after the initial diagnosis and surgical treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of this neoplasm metastasizing to the thyroid gland.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss in β-thalassemia Patients Treated with iron Chelation
Authors: Osma Ustun , Kurtoglu Erdal , Eyigor Hulya , Yilmaz Mustafa Deniz , Aygener Nurdan
Published: April 2019

The predictive value of pure-tone audiometry (PTA) in the early detection of ototoxicity has been questioned, particularly in the higher frequencies. Otoacoustic emissions testing appears to be more sensitive to cochlear insult than conventional PTA. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study to compare the efficacy of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) testing with that of PTA as a method of audiologic monitoring. Our study group was made up of 159 patients (318 ears)—69 males (43.4%) and 90 females (56.6%), aged 5 to 61 years (mean: 23.59 ± 12.55). All patients had been diagnosed with either β-thalassemia major (BTM) or β-thalassemia intermedia (BTI), and all had received at least 1 year of treatment within the previous year with an iron chelator—either deferasirox, desferrioxamine (deferoxamine in the United States), deferiprone, or a combination of desferrioxamine and deferiprone. PTA and DPOAE evaluations were performed by the same audiologist using the same audiometer for all patients. In the right ears, the overall incidence of ototoxicity as manifested by sensorineural hearing loss was 39.0% on PTA and 22.0% on DPOAE testing; in the left ears, the corresponding figures were 27.7 and 19.5%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of ototoxicity between the BTM and BTI groups with any of the four different drug regimens on PTA (p = 0.765, p = 0.378, p = 0.265, and p = 0.579, respectively) or on DPOAE testing (p = 0.890, p = 0.263, p = 0.390, and p = 0.340, respectively). Based on these data, we found no significant difference between PTA and DPOAE testing in their ability to detect ototoxicity. We conclude that periodic testing with both PTA and DPOAE is necessary for patients with suspected β-thalassemia in order arrive at a prompt diagnosis and initiate timely management.
Two Cases of Sublingual Hematoma as a Manifestation of Child Abuse
Authors: Mehra Muneesh , Chiesa Antonia E. , Sirotnak Andrew P.
Published: April 2019

Common intraoral manifestations of child abuse include tears of the frenula, burns, and pharyngeal perforations. Sublingual hematomas can also occur as a result of trauma, but to the best of our knowledge, only 1 case has been previously described in the context of child abuse. We report 2 new cases of sublingual hematoma in infants that were the result of physical abuse. Cases of sublingual hematoma in infants and children without a clear and legitimate explanation of the cause should prompt consideration of child abuse.
Geographic Distribution of Otolaryngologists in the United States
Authors: Vickery Thad W. , Weterings Robbie , Cabrera-Muffly Cristina
Published: April 2019

We conducted a study to determine the demographic traits, training characteristics, and geographic distribution of otolaryngologists in the United States using publicly available data. We then correlated our findings with U.S. census data. Univariate analysis was performed to analyze results, with a p value of < 0.05 determined as significant. We used data from the American Board of Otolaryngology's list of 18,587 board-certified allopathic otolaryngologists through 2013 and the American Osteopathic Colleges of Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery's list of 428 osteopathic otolaryngologists. From these two databases, 9,642 otolaryngologists met inclusion criteria, which included an active practice in the United States and an age of 70 years and younger. This group was made up of 8,185 men (84.9%) and 1,449 women (15.0%); we were not able to identify the sex of 8 otolaryngologists (0.1%). The median age of the women was significantly lower than that of the men (54 vs. 48 yr; p < 0.001). A total of 8,510 otolaryngologists (88.3%) graduated from a U.S. allopathic medical school, and 8,520 (88.4%) graduated from a U.S. allopathic residency program. We determined that 25.9% of otolaryngologists established their practice in the same metropolitan statistical area where they completed their residency training. Older practitioners (p < 0.001) and women (p < 0.001) were significantly more likely to stay in the same area than younger physicians and men. In terms of population, 61.8% of the otolaryngologists practiced in metropolitan areas with more than 1 million residents; by comparison, these areas represent only 55.3% of the total U.S. population, indicating that otolaryngologists are over-represented in larger U.S. cities.
Why do Geriatric Patients Visit Otorhinolaryngology?
Authors: Özler Gül Soylu , Yengil Erhan
Published: April 2019

The number and proportion of people more than 65 years old in the population are increasing with the rise in life expectancy. This study was designed to investigate the otolarygologic needs and visits of geriatric patients. We conducted a retrospective study that included all patients ≥65 years of age who visited the otolaryngology department between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. during 1 year. Age, gender, main complaint, and clinical diagnosis were noted on a chart and analyzed. In 2012, a total of 19,875 patients attended the otolaryngology department between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m., of whom 418 (2.1%) were aged ≥65 years. The most common complaints were ear and hearing disorders (24.2%), epistaxis (15.3%), balance disorders (15.1%), pharyngotonsillar pathologies (14.8%), and head and facial trauma (9.6%). This study shows that the changing patient population will change the type and frequencies of pathologies seen in general otolaryngology practices. Geriatric patients need a targeted approach to their diseases because they have special issues unique to their population.
How has the fight for anonymity and privacy advanced since Snowden’s whistle-blowing?
Authors: Coleman Gabriella
Published: April 2019

This article examines the legal, social, and political forces in a post-Snowden era that clarified the stakes around privacy and anonymity all while pulling more people into the orbit of a contemporary privacy and anonymity movement. It compares and contrasts the 100-year period in which US courts fleshed out free speech ideals and recent grass-roots privacy and anonymity initiatives that have come to reach a critical mass, highlighting the importance of civil society, journalists, and especially hackers whose aggressive pursuit of practical solutions have created the conditions for acting anonymously and securing privacy in our current era.
Reflexive cooperation between fraternity and social involvement
Authors: Frega Roberto
Published: April 2019

This article explores Axel Honneth’s long-standing philosophical interest for solidarity in the larger context of contemporary theories of democracy. It identifies three models to which Honneth resorts to conceptualize solidarity, and which he tries to reconcile: abstract solidarity, fraternal coexistence and reflexive cooperation. The article examines these three models in turn, retracing them back to different works and moments of Honneth’s career and relates them to the three intellectual traditions that have had the larger influence on Honneth’s thought: Hegelianism, socialism, and American pragmatism.
Peer-Mediated Interventions to Address Social Competence Needs of Young Children With ASD: Systematic Review of Single-Case Research Design Studies
Authors: Martinez Jose R. , Waters Chelsea L. , Conroy Maureen A. , Reichow Brian
Published: April 2019

We conducted a systematic review and summarized the outcomes of single-case research design studies conducted in the last decade that have implemented peer-mediated interventions (PMI) to address the social competence needs of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) younger than 8 years of age. Eighteen studies with 53 children with ASD were included. Data from those studies were extracted independently by two coders and coded for characteristics of children with ASD, characteristics of peers, characteristics of the intervention, risk of bias, and success estimate. Findings suggest that PMI are effective for increasing interactions between children with ASD and peers but may not be as effective for increasing initiations made by children with ASD or increasing responses made by children with ASD to peers’ initiations. Researchers should prioritize conducting studies that seek to promote positive interactions initiated by children with ASD, possibly by modifying PMI to include preferred stimuli identified through systematic assessments.
Identifying Risk Profiles for Antisocial Behavior in a Spanish Sample of Young Offenders
Authors: López-Romero Laura , Maneiro Lorena , Cutrín Olalla , Gómez-Fraguela José Antonio , Villar Paula , Luengo Mᵃ Ángeles , Sobral Jorge , Romero Estrella
Published: April 2019

One of the main purposes of juvenile risk assessment is to distinguish different risk profiles, which may lead to referring youths into specific intervention programs tailored to their specific needs. This study is devoted to identifying main typologies of risk in a sample of 286 Spanish young offenders aged 14 to 22 ( M = 17.36; SD = 1.61) years. Participants were classified into different profiles, representing different levels of risk in terms of individual and psychosocial dynamic variables. A three-class (low-, middle-, and high-risk profiles) and a four-class (low-, middle-, high-risk family problems/callous–unemotional (CU) traits, and high-risk impulsive/undercontrolled) solutions were identified. These profiles showed their distinctiveness and meaningfulness in a set of comparisons on antisocial behavior and prior offenses measures. These findings highlight the presence of diverse patterns of risk and suggest that a limited number of specialized interventions may respond to the main needs of most institutionalized youths.
‘War Cry’ or War Atrocity? A Note on Sinuhe B 140
Authors: Morschauser Scott
Published: April 2019

Virtually all translators render wd.n=i išnn ḥr i3t=f in Sinuhe B 140 as ‘I raised a/my war/victory cry ( išnn) over the back’ of the nḫtw of Retenu. The author argues instead that išnn is an imperfective participial form derived from the verb šni, ‘to conspire/curse’, with the verbal noun being a term of execration applied to the rebellious nḫtw. Sinuhe’s action of ‘putting’ ( wdi) the condemned conspirator ( išnn) ‘on his back’ points to the victor’s display of his disgraced opponent’s corpse.
The prose of passive revolution: Mobile experts, economic planning and the developmental state in Singapore
Authors: Meulbroek Chris , Akhter Majed
Published: April 2019

During the Cold War, a barrage of globally mobile development professionals proliferated throughout the decolonizing Third World to both assist in economic development and to constrain the geopolitical spread of communist-sympathetic regimes. This paper considers a document authored by one such professional, Albert Winsemius, and draws on Antonio Gramsci’s concept of passive revolution to theorize the process of state formation in Singapore. By examining Winsemius’ role in Singapore’s development planning, we demonstrate how globally sourced, ideological anti-communism and transnational economic expertise were inscribed into the institutional structure of the Singaporean state under Lee Kuan Yew and the People’s Action Party. Basing our analysis in a close reading of a key economic planning document, we argue that Winsemius and the Industrial Survey Mission demonstrate a political understanding of state formation rooted in the need to suppress labour strife and maintain political stability. This paper contributes to a more spatially nuanced understanding of East Asian industrialization and state transformation through a theorization of the influence of transnational expertise on an archetypal ‘developmental state’.