bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of monitoring the bispectral index in young children with hydrocephalus
Authors: Pavlysh О.S. , Snisar V.I.
Published: October 2021

Background. Millions of children with neurological diseases are subjected to general anesthesia every year. The conditions under which surgeries are done in these patients depend on a number of interrelated factors that arise in conditions of neurological deficiency and are often the cause of anesthetic complications. The possibility of using the monitoring of bispectral index in pediatric patients with neurological disorders is of particular interest, specifically in those with hydrocephalus against the background of ventriculomegaly. The purpose was to evaluate of the dynamics of bispectral index monitoring in young children with hydrocephalus during ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Materials and methods. The study included 109 children: 59 with acquired form of hydrocephalus who underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunting and 50 without neurological disorders who underwent reconstructive surgery. The study had 5 stages: initial, induction into anesthesia, tracheal intubation, traumatic stage of the operation, awakening. Results. Electroencephalographic analysis in children with hydrocephalus showed the homogeneity of the rearrangements of the bioelectric pattern, which reflected the wide and stable involvement in the pathological process of various cerebral systems with dysfunction of mesencephalic-diencephalic formations, including hypothalamic ones, in combination with impaired cortical-subcortical-brainstem interrelations. When analyzing the baseline bispectral index in patients with hydrocephalus, significantly lower values were found compared to neurologically healthy children (89.25 ± 2.52 and 94.80 ± 1.55, respectively). Analysis of changes in the intraoperative bispectral index showed that in the group with hydrocephalus using propofol, during induction upon reaching the first surgical stage of anesthesia according to clinical indications, the bispectral index significantly decreased to 36.00 ± 2.74, which is 30 % less than in children without neurological disorders and 29 % less when using sevoflurane. The groups where propofol was used showed a significant difference in bispectral index between patients with hydrocephalus and neurologically healthy children at all stages of the operation. This indicated that the intraoperative sleep pattern in individuals with hydrocephalus is at abnormal low levels. Conclusions. Hypoperfusion of the medulla, together with impaired cortical-subcortical relationships, affect the value of the bispectral index. The use of propofol in children with hydrocephalus can lead to the development of cerebral ischemia with a decrease in the electrical activity of the brain.
Análisis de la manufactura de calzado de seguridad para el combate de incendios forestales en México
Authors: Gómez Fuentes Irma Yareni , Sánchez Olivares Guadalupe , Bautista Rodríguez Celso Moisés , Calderas García Fausto
Published: October 2021

En este trabajo, se presentan los estudios de mercado, técnico y económico-financiero, para evaluar la factibilidad de la manufactura en México de calzado de seguridad, para personal que realiza actividades de combate de incendios forestales. Los requerimientos de diseño y desempeño del calzado se basaron en las especificaciones establecidas por la National Fire Protection Association. El análisis del mercado mexicano se llevó a cabo por medio de la recopilación de fuentes primarias y secundarias. El estudio técnico se enfocó en identificar los principales componentes del calzado, el proceso, la maquinaria y equipo para llevar a cabo la manufactura por la industria del calzado mexicana. Para la determinación de la factibilidad económica y financiera, se estimaron los indicadores del valor actual neto (VAN), la tasa interna de retorno (TIR), el punto de equilibrio y el tiempo de amortización de la inversión. El estudio de factibilidad, muestra nuevas oportunidades de negocio para la industria del calzado mexicana, ya que en México existe una demanda insatisfecha que emplea un producto sustituto, se cuenta con una industria del calzado sólida que tiene la capacidad de manufacturar calzado especializado, y los indicadores económico-financieros señalan una recuperación de la inversión en corto plazo, con un flujo de efectivo positivo, el VAN mayor a cero y una TIR de 39.36%. La manufactura en México del calzado de seguridad, para combatientes de incendios forestales, no solo representa oportunidades de negocio para la industria del calzado, si no también contribuye en fomentar la protección del personal que realiza las actividades del combate de incendios forestales, de acuerdo a estándares internacionales
Planning of settlements in timber-producing areas (on the example of the Arkhangelsk region)
Authors: Perekopskaia Marina A. , Alekseev Iurii V.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The Arkhangelsk region is one of the largest domestic timber-processing regions with the most modern production complex. This region has a great raw material potential (the total wood stock is 2,573 million m3) and has a unique position for the export of target products. However, the existing potential in this timber industry area, as in other regions of Russia, is used irrationally. Only 20 % of the harvested wood is processed at the enterprises of the domestic timber industry complex (hereinafter –– TIC), and the rest is exported in unprocessed form. The irrational use of resources is due to a number of reasons, including the peculiarities of the existing territorial and spatial organization of industrial territories and settlements, which does not correspond to the changed technologies of harvesting, transportation and processing of wood, as well as reproduction of forest resources. As a result of this discrepancy and the old ways of explaining it, extensive forest use is carried out, significant disturbed territories are formed, the boundaries of logging activities are constantly shifting, which leads to the removal of forest resource base sites from settlements where the production territories of TIC enterprises are located. All this negatively affects the functioning of these enterprises and, as a result, the viability of settlements whose population participates in the processes of processing and processing of wood. A change in the approach to the territorial and spatial organization of settlements can contribute to solving these problems.

Materials and methods. The study was carried out on the basis of publicly available data, published works of foreign and domestic authors. During the research, the method of system analysis and the methodology of the territorial and spatial organization of settlements in the region were used.

Results. The classification and identification of interconnected settlements of the timber industry district is proposed, based on their role in the planning organization of the district and in the implementation of technological processes of wood processing. The existing production functions of settlements are defined and possible options for their expansion are proposed. On the example of the Arkhangelsk region, a scheme for expanding the production functions of settlements has been prepared. Measures have also been identified to bring the areas of the forest resource base of timber processing enterprises closer to the production territories of settlements, which must be implemented during the territorial and spatial organization of settlements.

Conclusions. In the current socio-economic conditions, there is a need for a planning system that makes it possible to develop a TIC that ensures the relationship of the processes of harvesting, consistent waste-free processing of wood and reproduction of forest resources with the territorial and spatial organization of settlements in the timber industry district.
Citizen science impact pathways for a positive contribution to public participation in science
Authors: Skarlatidou Artemis , Haklay Mordechai
Published: October 2021

Positioning citizen science within the broader historical public engagement framework demonstrates how it has the potential to effectively tackle research and innovation issues. Citizen science approaches have their own challenges, which need to be considered in order to achieve this aim and contribute to wider and deeper public engagement. However, programme evaluations, which discuss lessons learned in engaging the public and other stakeholders with science are rare. To address this gap, we present the H2020-funded DITOs project and discuss the use of logic models in citizen science. We share the project’s assumptions, design considerations for deeper engagement and its impact pathways demonstrating how logic models can be utilised in citizen science to monitor programme effectiveness and for their successful implementation. We hope that this work will inspire citizen science practitioners to use similar tools and by doing so, share their experiences and potential barriers. This knowledge is essential for improving the way citizen science is currently practiced and its impacts to both science and society.
Agenda 2030's, “Leave no one behind”, in citizen science?
Authors: Montanari Madeleine , Jacobs Liesbet , Haklay Mordechai , Donkor Felix Kwabena , Mondardini Maria Rosa
Published: October 2021

Citizen science (CS) is promoted as a useful practice for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this contribution we explore how CS aligns to the SDGs overarching pledge to ‘Leave no one behind’. We propose a framework to evaluate exclusionary processes in CS. We interlink three dimensions of CS inspired by existing CS typologies with five factors underpinning exclusionary processes. With this, we are able to situate existing literature on various exclusionary effects in CS within a structured framework. We hope this contribution sparks a discussion and inspires practitioners’ reflections on a more inclusive practice in CS.
LA TUTELA PROCESAL DIFERENCIADA: ORÍGENES, INDETERMINACIONES Y EL RESCATE DE SUS NOTAS ESENCIALES.
Authors: Martínez Pablo
Published: October 2021

El artículo pretende difundir una categoría que tiene larga data en elderecho foráneo, pero cuyo uso indeterminado le ha restado autonomíacategorial. Presentamos una descripción de su contenido evolutivo a la vezque una propuesta de rescate de sus notas esenciales, que doten de contenidoteórico al fenómeno de multiplicidad de procedimientos destinados atutelar situaciones materiales diferentes a la controversia exclusivamentepatrimonial.
COLISIÓN Y ARMONIZACIÓN DE PRINCIPIOS HUMANITARIOS
Authors: Sánchez Benjamín
Published: October 2021

Este artículo explora las formas en que las organizaciones humanitariasdefinen, incorporan y movilizan orientaciones éticas globales en susesquemas comprensivos, marcos normativos, y estrategias de acción.Como caso de estudio se abordan las tensiones en la adopción de principios humanitarios por parte de las organizaciones que conforman la Red deAyuda Humanitaria Chilena. Se identifican tres fórmulas generales dearmonización: sincretismo normativo, interpretación minimalista dela independencia financiera, y adopción de los principios en estructurasperiféricas y equivalentes operativos. Por último, se plantea que adheriral principio de neutralidad presenta ventajas y desventajas para el sistemahumanitario, por lo que la armonización del régimen humanitario es tannecesaria como su dispersión normativa.
LAS COMISIONES DE LA VERDAD Y EL DERECHO A LA VERDAD DE LAS VÍCTIMAS EN LOS PROCESOS DE PAZ CON LAS AUTODEFENSAS UNIDAS DE COLOMBIA Y LAS FARC E.P.
Authors: Padilla Carlos
Published: October 2021

Colombia ha venido sufriendo los efectos de una guerra interna conocidacomo conflicto armado, sus causas obedecen a diferentes factores; sinembargo, lo que se abordará en esta oportunidad es cómo en el marco delconflicto se ve inmiscuido el derecho a la verdad, para denotar la evoluciónque ha tenido el concepto de verdad en el desarrollo de este proceso deguerra armada interna, ampliamente marcadas por graves crímenes de lesahumanidad, la verdad fue el desencadenante primario para investigar sobreesta problemática que, invita a la reflexión respecto de la importancia dela memoria en estos escenarios de conflicto.
Active Compliant PID Learning Control for Grinding Robots
Authors: Farhi Lubna , Rehman Farhan Ur
Published: October 2021

This article proposes a Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) learning controller for rigid robotic disk grinding mechanism. It has been observed that the stiffness of the robotic arm for a grinder has a direct correlation with the sensitivity of the grinding forces. It is also drastically influenced by the end-effector path tracking error resulting in limited accuracy of the robot. The error in robot’s accuracy is also increased by external interferences, such as surface imperfections and voids in the subject material. These errors can be mitigated via efficient feedback. In the proposed methodology, the controller gain is tuned by implementing a learning-based methodology to PID controllers. The learning control for the robotic grinding system helps by progressively decreasing error between the actual grinded paths and required trace. Experimental results demonstrate that as the grinder machines the required path iteratively, its grinding accuracy improves due to the learning algorithm.
Model Based Indirect Conicity Estimation Technique for Solid Axle Railway Wheelset
Authors: Saba Erum , Kalwer Imtiaz Hussain , Unar Mukhtiar Ali
Published: October 2021

Conicity is an important characteristic that helps the railway vehicle to steer itself down the track. However during the operation, the conicity tends to change inconsistently due to frictional contact at the wheel-rail interface. Safety, reliability and ride comfort which are utmost importance for journey are adversely affected due to the changes in conicity level beyond certain limit. Several techniques have been employed for monitoring the health of the railway wheelset however still a significant potential exists to investigate the wheelset conicity. This paper presents a model based technique to monitor the wheelset condition which contributes to the wheel flats due to decrease in conicity level and the problem of false flanges due to increased level of conicity. In this paper an unconstrained solid axle railway wheelset is considered for study. The dynamic behavior of the wheelset is analyzed at different conicity levels to understand the effect of the conicity on the wheelset. In order to demonstrate the potential of this research work a simulation model is developed in Matlab/ Simulink to mimic the behavior of an actual wheelset. Simplified linearized model of the wheelset is used to estimate the dynamics of the wheelset. From the simulation results it is evident that the frequency of vibration is changing with the changes in conicity level. In this way using the proposed method the conicity level is indirectly identified. The results produced by simulation model are satisfactory.
Semiconductor Materials for Fabrication of Multi-Color Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)
Authors: Ahmad Aftab , Jaffri Nasif Raza , Abrar Usama
Published: October 2021

This study aims to propose organic materials for the development of light-emitting semiconductor diodes for colored displays. Studies show that these materials are capable of creating a variety of different colors rather than white light. But of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) are only used as a source of white back-light for OLED displays and liquid crystals are used for color generation. This work suggests that OLEDs can be used to make color displays on their own without the help of Liquid Crystals (LCs). Recently, organic devices are widely under discussion as are comparatively cheap, can be processed economically and effortlessly at ambient temperature besides their effortless handling. The calculation of the electronic properties of molecular species was achieved by the use of ab-initio quantum mechanical methods, i.e., Density Functional Theory (DFT). DFT methods are suited to calculate the electronics properties of the organic molecules, enabling the determination of band gaps and quantum efficiencies. DFT views electron stochastic nature and thus calculates the material’s solid-state properties. DFT calculations on isolated molecules were carried by the Gaussian software package to predict electronic properties. Pentacene is used as test molecule in this work. B3LYP functional use Kohn-Sham orbitals to predict the band energy values said material rather than LDA functional that depends on the value of electronic density at each point on the space. The substitution process was used to make changes in bandgaps; which affect shades of light emitted by OLEDs.
Simplicity out of complexity? On physical eschatology and abiogenesis
Authors: Cirkovic Milan
Published: October 2021

Standard reductionist narrative about the necessity of complex systems
arising from simple subsystems can be undermined from multiple directions.
Here, I shall suggest an unexpected way of such undermining which occurs
upon joining our best understanding of the future evolution of the universe
(as outlined by physical eschatology) with the continuity thesis which plays
the key role in studies of the origin of life (abiogenesis). Many aspects of
evolution - including physical, chemical, and astrobiological evolution -
would look quite different from what we empirically find around us at the
present epoch if the history of the universe within our cosmological horizon
were to be observed from a timeless ?Archimedean? point. Avoiding the
pitfalls of this chronocentric bias leads to several unexpected conclusions,
one of them being that the directed panspermia, coupled with advanced
biotechnology, represents the most probable origin of almost all
phylogenetic lineages in the universe. Therefore, complex lifeforms are
required for emergence of (almost) all simple lifeforms. This has several
counterintuitive and unexpected philosophical consequences.
Blumenberg’s presentation of the history of cosmology as an introduction to the genesis of the Copernican world
Authors: Grbic Safer
Published: October 2021

Cosmology, especially as a pre-Copernican question of metaphysics,
represented one of the central questions of thought throughout the history
of the Western horizon: the relationship between metaphysics and cosmology
was questioned with Copernicus major work on cosmology and especially in
post-Copernican literature where the position of metaphysics alone was
questioned. Following this, Hans Blumenberg (?1996) in his work ?Genesis of
the Copernican world? presented the history of cosmos thinking from ancient
cosmology through the relationship of cosmos and tragedy to the
postclassicalidealistic development of science and cosmology within the
field of natural science, encyclopedically presenting the results of his
research. The main hypothesis of this paper is reflected in proving how
Blumenberg, by expounding the genesis of the Copernican world and presenting
the thesis of the ?ambiguity of heaven?, actually sets out the preconditions
for the development of modern science in the field of natural science
thinking. Namely, modern science is in fact the result of a history of
thought with all it?s essential principles on the path of clarity and
certainty, and finally to the pinnacle of science which is theoretically
manifested in exactness. The ultimate goal of the paper is to present the
genesis of the ambiguity of heaven to modern cosmology and cosmological
research in modern times, especially - on the example of Blumenberg?s work
The Nonlinear Relationship Between Psoas Cross-sectional Area and BMI: A New Observation and Its Insights Into Diabetes Remission After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Li Shaobo , Yu Haoyong , Zhang Pin , Tu Yinfang , Xiao Yunfeng , Yang Di , Bao Yuqian , Han Junfeng , Jia Weiping
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE

To explore the potential relevance of muscle mass as a variable contributor to BMI in limitations on BMI-based predictions of diabetes remission (DR) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We evaluated the relationship between muscle mass and BMI in 501 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overweight or obesity, of whom 186 patients who underwent RYGB were studied for determination of the role of baseline muscle mass and BMI in predicting DR. Muscle mass was assessed by estimated fat-free mass index (eFFMI) and psoas cross-sectional area (CSA).

RESULTS

A nonlinear relationship existed between psoas CSA and BMI, whereas psoas CSA showed a highly positive correlation with eFFMI. Baseline psoas CSA and eFFMI were better than BMI for predicting 1- and 5-year DR.

CONCLUSIONS

The nonlinear relationship between muscle mass and BMI may partially contribute to BMI limitations in predicting DR after RYGB.
The Nonlinear Relationship Between Psoas Cross-sectional Area and BMI: A New Observation and Its Insights into Diabetes Remission After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Li Shaobo , Yu Haoyong , Zhang Pin , Tu Yinfang , Xiao Yunfeng , Yang Di , Bao Yuqian , Han Junfeng , Jia Weiping
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE

To explore the potential relevance of muscle mass as a variable
contributor to body mass index (BMI) on BMI limitations in predicting diabetes remission
(DR) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

RESEARCH
DESIGN AND METHODS

We evaluated
the relationship between muscle mass and BMI in 501 patients with type 2
diabetes mellitus and overweight or obesity. Of which 186
patients who underwent RYGB were studied to determine
the role of baseline muscle mass and BMI in predicting DR. Muscle mass was assessed by estimated
fat-free mass index (eFFMI) and psoas cross-sectional area (CSA).

RESULTS

A
non-linear relationship existed between psoas
CSA and BMI, whereas psoas CSA showed a highly positive correlation with eFFMI. Baseline psoas CSA and eFFMI were better than
BMI for predicting 1- and 5-year DR.

CONCLUSIONS

The non-linear
relationship between muscle mass and BMI may partially
contribute to BMI limitations in predicting DR
after RYGB.
The Impact of Marine Environment on Jackup Rig Stability
Authors: M Halafawi
Published: October 2021

Changing the conditions of offshore environment influences the offshore units' stability. In paper, a study of the impact of marine environment on a jackup rig was implemented. Firstly, the procedures of departure, transit, and emplacement on any emergency jacking location / stand by location are reviewed. After that, the conditions of weather forecasting are predicted and computed such as wave and wind lengths, speeds, and heights. Maps of changing wind and wave conditions are plotted. Surveying methods are used to determine the final location of the jackup rig. Maps of positioning the jackup rig are constructed. Additionally, the impact forces on the rig derrick are therefore computed. The developed results are effectively predicting the safe conditions and optimizing the positioning survey of the rig.
Research on Basic Properties of Alkali-Surfactant-Polymer Flooding Produced Water and Influence of Oil-Displacing Agent on Settlement
Authors: D Zhang
Published: October 2021

The basic properties of alkali‒surfactant‒polymer (ASP) flooding produced water and effect of oil displacing agent on the stability of flooding produced water were obtained, through measuring and analysing water quality, oil content-settling time relationship and oil displacing agent-oil droplet size relationship of Zhong-106, Zhong-312, Zhong-417, Nan 4-8 and Bei 2-7 flooding produced water from Daqing Oilfield. The addition of ternary oil displacement agent to ASP flooding produced water greatly increases the difficulty of oil-water separation, and higher the concentration, worse the separation effect after standing. The effects of alkali, surfactant, and polymer on oil-water stability in simulated ASP flooding produced water were studied respectively. The ASP flooding produced water after 48 hours of settling formed a trace amount of nano-oil droplets, also accompanied by the accumulation and separation of a part of the oil droplets.
Flow Analysis and Heat Transfer of Nanofluid Flow in Different Geometries: A Review with Focus on Recent Development
Authors: A Zeeshan
Published: October 2021

In a thermo-dynamical system loss of energy takes the centre of attention. Laws of thermodynamics stated that energies of the system cannot be lost, but this energy could be engaged to perform useful work, or wastefully lost in form of rises in temperature of the system. It is eminent to control the factors which act in rising values of loss in energy. Nanofluids uses nanosized particles with very high thermal conductivity uniformly distributed in base fluids which increases the conductivity of the base fluid ridiculously. Nanofluid play a vital role in reducing the loss of energy and improve heat conduction. An effort has been made in this paper is to carry out an extensive review of the literature regarding Nanofluid in recent years. Some basic components and properties of nanofluids are deeply elaborated in this article. Preparation of nanofluids perform a very significant role in recent decades. The new advanced results in nanofluids helps the reader to clarify their concepts are argued using two major dynamical models.
Assessment of Occupational Health Hazards Among four Different Areas: A Case study of Upstream Workers in Turkey
Authors: SN Longinos
Published: October 2021

The growing oil and gas industry is projected to prominently impact the lives and economies of modern communities around the world. Safety at work must be an implementation rather than a goal directed conduct. Accidents that arise from occupational health hazards have human, economic and social costs. This must not be a concern at only the individual level but also at the national and international level. This questionnaire examined the awareness of health hazards, the cognition of occupational casualties and disorders and actions taken to protect and/or audit dangers connected to these perils. Data from the questionnaire was analyzed by using descriptive statistics. In order to measure the agreement amongst responses for each question, Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance (W) was used. To estimate different health hazards and risks that normally occur in upstream activities, responses from participants of the questionnaire were used.
A Laboratory Investigation on the Way to Remove the Filter Cake Generated by Ilmenite Water-Based Drilling Fluids
Authors: O Mahmoud
Published: October 2021

The increasing demand for deeper drilling and more complicated wells fastens the way for improved drilling fluid (mud) technologies and promising additives. Several studies have shown numerous improvements in mud characteristics upon using ilmenite compared to the commonly used weighting materials. This study aims at investigating the removal of filter cake deposited by ilmenite water-based drilling fluid under harsh conditions using low-concentration (7.5 wt%) of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and chelating agent (HEDTA) to prevent iron precipitation during reaction. API filter press was used to conduct the filtration tests and generate the filter cake at a pressure ~ 300 psi and temperature ~ 250°F. Different sandstone cores of 2.5-in. diameter and 1-in. thickness were used to simulate the formation during filtration. Filtrate fluids were collected for 30 minutes as per API procedures and computerized tomography (CT) scan was used to characterize the cores with the deposited filter cakes. The filter cakes were soaked with HCl–chelate solution for six hours. Cores with the remaining filter cakes were CT scanned again. Effluent solutions resulting from the aforementioned soaking process were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was used to analyze the dried filter cakes and remaining residue. CT scan and SEM-EDS showed two layers of the filter cake with different densities but similar elemental composition. Using 7.5 wt% of HCl can partially remove the filter cake generated by ilmenite water-based drilling fluids. Adding the chelate showed minimal impact on the filter cake removal-efficiency; however, it helped nullify the corrosion issues during the treatment. This study provides a step forward on the way to chemically remove ilmenite-based filter cake using low acid concentration and virtually overcome corrosion issues encountered while acidizing.
Lasten kaupalliset kasvot: Sharenting-ilmiö äitien blogeissa
Authors: Kallio Saara-Maija
Published: October 2021

Lasten kasvojen näkyminen on yksi tärkeimmistä valinnoista, joita lapsistaan kuvia ja tietoja sosiaalisen median alustoilla jakavat, niin sanottua sharentingia harjoittavat vanhemmat joutuvat tekemään. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan sitä, miten kaupallista yhteistyötä tekevät bloggaajaäidit merkityksellistävät lastensa kuvien jakamista. Tutkimus ammentaa teoreettisesti sekä kasvokuvien tutkimuksesta että lasten mainoskuvien tutkimuksesta. Artikkelin empiirinen aineisto koostuu kymmenen suomalaisen bloggaajaäidin teemahaastatteluista. Sisällönanalyysin avulla aineistosta on tunnistettu neljä teemaa: kasvojen muutos, kasvojen kaupallinen arvo, kasvojen tunnistettavuus sekä kasvojen kontrolloitavuus. Tutkimus tuottaa uutta ymmärrystä sharenting-ilmiön ja promootiokulttuurin rajapinnasta tuomalla esiin, että lasten kasvokuvilla on erityistä arvoa äitien blogibrändeille ja että erityisesti vauvojen ja leikki-ikäisten kuvat osallistuvat kasvojen kiertoon blogeissa ja katoavat niiden visuaalisuudesta kasvojen muutoksen myötä. Tutkimus osoittaa, että iän lisäksi myös sosiaalisen median alusta vaikuttaa siihen, jaetaanko lapsista tunnistettavia kasvokuvia vai ei, ja kontrolloidaanko jakamista aktiivisesti vai ei.
Koronaepidemian ja sen rajaamistoimien vaikutukset elintapoihin ja arkielämään koulutusryhmittäin
Authors: Haario Peppi , Koponen Päivikki , Parikka Suvi , Härkänen Tommi , Martelin Tuija , Koskinen Seppo , Lundqvist Annamari
Published: October 2021

Koronaepidemia ja sen rajaamistoimet ovat vaikuttaneet monin tavoin väestön terveyteen ja hyvinvointiin, ja monien haitallisten vaikutusten on arveltu kasaantuneen heikommassa sosioekonomisessa asemassa oleviin väestöryhmiin. Tutkimustietoa aiheesta on kuitenkin niukasti. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tarkastella koronaepidemian vaikutuksia elintapoihin ja arkielämään eri koulutusryhmissä.
Tutkimus perustuu satunnaisesti valittujen 30–69 –vuotiaiden henkilöiden antamiin vastauksiin THL:n kolmessa aikuisväestöä edustavassa väestötutkimuksessa: Koronaepidemian serologinen väestötutkimus (n=3772), FinSote 2020 –tutkimus (n=10847) ja FinTerveys 2017-seurantatutkimus (n=3696), joiden tiedonkeruu on toteutettu aikavälillä huhtikuu 2020 ja maaliskuu 2021.
Tulosten perusteella koronaepidemian ja sen rajaamistoimien vaikutukset elintapoihin ja arkielämään ovat moninaisia, mutta erityisesti elintapojen osalta pitkälti samanlaisia eri koulutusryhmissä. Työmatkaliikunta väheni erityisesti ylimpään koulutusryhmään kuuluvilla, mitä selittänee etätyön yleistyminen. Ylimpään koulutusryhmään kuuluvat raportoivat myös sosiaalisissa suhteissa tapahtuneita kielteisiä muutoksia alimpaa koulutusryhmää yleisemmin. Taloudelliset haasteet olivat sen sijaan yleisempiä alimmassa koulutusryhmässä.
Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin kannalta epäsuotuisat muutokset arkielämässä ja elintavoissa saattavat pitkällä aikavälillä heijastua lisääntyneenä sairastavuutena ja kansanterveyden yleisenä heikkenemisenä. On myös mahdollista, että epidemia pitkittyessään entisestään kärjistää sosioekonomisia terveys- ja hyvinvointieroja, mikäli tuloerot kasvavat ja työelämämuutokset ovat eri suuntaisia eri väestöryhmissä. Jotta mahdolliset terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin kannalta epäsuotuisat kehityskulut voidaan havaita ajoissa ja tunnistaa ne väestöryhmät, joissa riski epäsuotuisalle kehitykselle on lisääntynyt, ajankohtainen, luotettava tieto epidemian vaikutuksista on välttämätöntä.
Specifics of the socio-cultural competency development of students in the framework of foreign language education
Authors: Anwar Mohammad Sarwar Mohammad , Sergeeva Marina Georgiyevna , Kirillova Tatyana Vasilyevna , Lukashenko Dmitry Vladimirovich
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the research is to study the specifics of socio-cultural competency development in the framework of foreign language education. To achieve the goal, the experiment was carried out aimed at studying the influence of foreign language teaching on the development of the socio-cultural competency.  The research methodology and its algorithm were selected due to the purpose of the study. Experimental work included a complex psychological and pedagogical experiment, diagnosing the stated parameters and their dynamics. The experimental group included 31 students, the sampling is valid for gender and other significant characteristics. The results of the study confirm that the project method within the framework of foreign language education is effective for the development of socio-cultural competency of students.
Problems of forming managerial competence in master's degree program in “socio-cultural management”
Authors: Khlystun Elena , Taras Hryhorchuk , Darovanets Oleksandr , Darovanets Kateryna , Mishkoi Vasyl
Published: October 2021

The aim of the study is to reveal the content of the structural components of managerial competence, determine the influence of certain pedagogical conditions on its formation among students during the training in the master's program in “socio-cultural management”, and experimental verification and quantitative analysis of these conditions. The object of the study is the process of personal-professional formation of master's students of the faculties of humanitarian management. The positive influence of high motivation on the level of managerial competence has been proved. It has been revealed that the value-motivational component has the least dependence on the duration of training.  The article offers effective conditions of forming managerial competence, which have been tested experimentally and confirmed the possibility of their introduction into practice.
IS SOEGUAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY READY FOR INTERNATIONAL CLASSES?
Authors: Hartono Heny
Published: October 2021

Soegijapranata Catholic University which is one of the leading private universities in Semarang. Central Java, is plannring to run International Classes. The idea of establishing the International Classes should be supported by good preparation of all components involved in the teaching anli lea ing process. Running a class in English will create some new and perhaps unexpected problems. As the first step in preparing the International Classes. Soegijapranata Catholic University has held a teuher training for International Classes Preparation. The teacher training could be used as a reflection to answer the question: Is Soegijapranata Catholic University ready for the International Classes?
THE ROLE OF FEEDBACK IN THE TEACIDNG AND LEARNING OF WRITING
Authors: Aridah Aridah
Published: October 2021

Feedback, which is not new in the practice of teaching

and learning of writing, has become a controversial issue recently.

A n important point of debates is whether feedback is necessQl)'. This

article aims to discuss the issue offeedback by providing arguments

thatfeedback is helpful and language learners do need it. A number

of evidences for the use of feedback are provided. In terms of

grammatical errors, feedback contributes to improvement in the

accuracy of students' writing. On the other hand, feedback on

contents provides students with hints for ideas to be developed further

and helps stimulate the development of their logical reasoning. This

a,.,icle also highlights the issue offeedbackfrom the perspective of

the students. An emphasis on the importance offurther research on

feedback concludes the discussion in this Ql1ic/e.
METAPHORICAL MEANING ATTACHED TO LIQUOR ADVERTISEMENTS
Authors: Ardhiansyah Harnats , Riyandari Angelika , Budiyana Y.E.
Published: October 2021

Advertising may be viewed as the construction of the

semiotic worlds for persuading purchasers to consume what is

advertised. Printed advertisement often involves manipulation of

linguistic forms to achieve the persuasion. In addition. metaphor is

an effective way to achieve the persuasion role since it is closely

related to the way of people 's thinking and concept of something in

their mind. which is fUndamentally metaphorical in nature. The data

are collected from two liquor advertisements and respondents'

questionnaires. The two advertisements discussed in this article were

collected from Maxim magazine. September 2002 edition and the

respondents' questionnaires were distributed to 20 respondents to

find out their interpretations on metaphorical advertisements due

to written language message of advertisements. In addition. the two

examples of printed advertisements. instances of metaphorical

advertisements. are reviewed. identified. and explained by using the

theories of Saussure's Dydical Sign Model to find the process of

metaphors attached to the advertisements. The results of the study

show that people's interpretations on metaphors are basically related

to their experience offered by metaphors. It means that people will

interpret the meaning of the advertisements based on such

circumstances in which they have ever been involved in.
Antimicrobial Peptide, LL-37, And Its Potential As An Anti-HIV Agent
Authors: Vera-Cruz Ana , Tanphaichitr Nongnuj , Angel Jonathan B.
Published: October 2021

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to have a profound global health impact. New infections continue at a high rate despite the development of prophylactic therapies, prompting the need for development of novel preventative approaches. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as LL-37, display broad microbicidal properties and have potential as anti-HIV agents. LL-37 has been studied for its anti-HIV activity and the limited data available suggest it can inhibit HIV infection in primary T cells as well as exert inhibitory effects on key HIV enzymes. Its immunomodulatory properties may both enhance and inhibit HIV replication. In addition, LL-37 has both 1) the ability to kill other sexually-transmitted pathogens and 2) spermicidal activity; thus, it is a good candidate for multipurpose prevention technology. Further investigation of its anti-HIV activity is warranted.
A Six-Gene Prognostic Risk Prediction Model In Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Shen Jia , Shu Ming , Xie Shujie , Yan Jia , Pan Kaile , Chen Shuhuai , Li Xiang
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to screen hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-related feature ribonucleic acids (RNAs) and to establish a prognostic model.
Methods: The transcriptome expression data of HBV-associated HCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differential RNAs between HBV-associated HCC and normal controls were identified by a meta-analysis of TCGA, GSE55092 and GSE121248. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to identify key RNAs and modules. A prognostic score model was established using TCGA as a training set by Cox regression analysis and was validated in E-TABM-36 dataset. Additionally, independent prognostic clinical factors were screened, and the function of lncRNAs waspredicted through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis.
Results: A total of 710 consistent differential RNAs between HBV-associated HCC and normal controls were obtained, including five lncRNAs and 705 mRNAs. An optimized combination of six differential RNAs (DSCR4, DBH, ECM1, GDAP1, MATR3 and RFC4) was selected and a prognostic score model was constructed. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the prognosis of the high-risk and low-risk groups separated by this model was significantly different in the training set and the validation set. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that the co-expression genes of DSCR4 were significantly correlated with neuroactive ligand receptor interactionpathway.
Conclusion: A prognostic model based on DSCR4, DBH, ECM1, GDAP1, MATR3 and RFC4 was developed that can accurately predict the prognosis of patients with HBV-associated HCC. These genes, as well as histologic grade, may serve as independent prognostic factors in HBV-associated HCC.
The Concept of Subsistence in Classical Theory
Authors: Levine D.
Published: October 2021

This paper explores the concept of subsistence in the theories of Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Karl Marx and certain modern thinkers strongly influenced by their approaches. The different uses of the term subsistence in these theories are surveyed and assessed, and some implications of the differences n usage for important theoretical arguments are considered. The problem is examined of dividing consumption into different parts, one recalling the subsistence idea, the other going beyond subsistence. Also considered is the importance of the idea of a minimum level of consumption and level of life. The paper treats the classical idea critically but sympathetically, arguing that because the subsistence refers us to a level of need that ought to be significantly protected from the market, it raises enduring questions about the limits of the market as a means for providing people with the things they need.
Convergence in Income Inequality
Authors: Panizza Ugo
Published: October 2021

This paper uses OLS and GMM estimations to test for convergence in income distribution. Convergence tests are performed using a high-quality U.S. cross-state panel. The results strongly support the hypothesis of convergence in income distribution across American states.
A Resource-Based Approach to the Modeling and Simulation of Income Distribution: The Case of Pakistan
Authors: Pedercini Matteo , Qureshi Muhammad Azeem
Published: October 2021

Developing countries are affected by evident and persistent asymmetric income distribution. The increasing relevance of this issue to development agendas sets the need for planning tools that can support the analysis of the long-term impacts of alternative policies on income distribution. For this purpose we use a resource-based approach and develop a System Dynamics based simulation model, which we apply to the case of Pakistan. The model focuses on the processes of the accumulation of physical and human capital, which we consider as the endogenous sources of household income. Policy analysis suggests that public investment in education and micro-credit, financed by a modest increase in income tax for the high-income groups, positively affects equitable income distribution and economic growth. We believe that the analytical framework developed integrates and complements existing approaches to modeling income distribution by providing a broader and longer term perspective.
Per-capita income versus household-need adjusted income: a
cross-country comparison
Authors: Koulovatianos Christos , Minkovski Polina , Schröder Carsten
Published: October 2021

We use data from the Luxembourg Income Study in order to quantify
the economy-wide monetary gains achieved by Household-Size
Economies, due to the within-household sharing of goods by individuals
living in multi-member households. In most of the twenty countries
we examine, we observe a decline in monetary gains achieved
by Household-Size Economies over time. This decline is the result
of a demographic trend towards smaller-sized household units, rather
than a change in the shares of aggregate disposable income earned by
household types of different size.
Revisiting poverty measures towards individualisation
Authors: Meulders Danièle , O’Dorchai Síle
Published: October 2021

We use the methodology developed in a previous study to individualise all incomes reported in the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (2006). Based on individual incomes we compute financial-dependency rates which are compared with the household-level at-risk-of-poverty rates defined by the European Commission. The determinants of financial dependency are studied by means of descriptive statistics and by the estimation of bivariate probit regressions for men and women. We cover nine European countries. Finally, four new indicators are proposed to complement the Laeken indicators.
Examining the Relationship Between the Poverty Rate and Economic
Conditions in the Southern United States
Authors: Hoover Gary A. , Wallace Geoffrey
Published: October 2021

This article documents the historical trend of higher poverty rates in the South
compared to the rest of the country. It examines any differences that might exist in
how the poverty population in the country as a whole and the poverty population in
the South respond to different economic and demographic factors. Economic factors,
such as unemployment and wages, impact poverty populations similarly, in terms of
sign and significance but have smaller impacts on poverty populations. After testing,
it is shown that poverty populations in the South do not respond in similar fashions to
the rest of the country regarding demographic factors, such as households headed by
single females or non-whites.
Distributional Implications of Unemployment-Reducing Policies
Authors: Moutos Thomas , Scarth William
Published: October 2021

We study the distributional implications that follow from the fact that higher-income households tend to consume higher-quality goods. This is done through a two-sector model in which one sector produces vertically differentiated products, whose skill intensity is an increasing function of quality. The skilled-to-unskilled wage ratio is fixed at a level sufficiently low that some unskilled workers remain unemployed. We show that uniform technological progress increases the unemployment rate, and we consider a number of policy responses to alleviate the “plight of the less-skilled”. Political economy consequences are emphasized, as we assess each policy’s chance of receiving political support. We conclude that a budget-neutral subsidy for the employment of unskilled workers is a viable policy option.
Welfare Rankings of the Distribution of Earnings in Italy
Authors: Liberati Paolo , Yitzhaki Shlomo
Published: October 2021

The aim of this article is to compare the economic well-being associated to the distribution of earnings in Italy. To this purpose, dominance techniques are extensively used to minimize the disagreement about the set of social values introduced into the analysis. We will show that even in a simple economic framework, dominance conditions do not allow extensive ranking. Indeed, unanimous welfare prescriptions are hardly achieved at any dimension, which means that more specific indicators are needed to allow a rank on the basis of specific value judgments. Using the Analysis of Gini (ANOGI), we are able to show that differences among regional distributions accentuate over time, confirming the persistence of the Italian dualism among geographical areas.
The Logarithmic Progressive Income Tax
Authors: Briskin Lawrence
Published: October 2021

Until now the progressivity of the personal income tax has been arbitrarily set by Congress. Here we propose that logarithmic progression in the form t/g = M log g + B, should be used. With the logarithmic progression, everyone at all income levels is subject to the same progressivity. At all income levels, if income changes by x per cent, the tax rate changes by y percent. By modifying the constants M and B, the formula can be adapted to the varying needs of the economy.