bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forchheimer model and generalized Fourier and Fick heat flux in water based Williamson hybrid nanofluid flow over stretched surface under Lorentz force
Authors: Shahzad Hassan , Sagheer M
Published: December 2024

This research provides a comprehensive understanding of water-based Williams-on MoS2 /H2O nanofluid and $MoS2 - Go/H2O hybrid nanofluid flow, considering various physical parameters. The study investigates a two-dimensional, time-independent boundary layer flow over a stretching sheet, addressing the critical challenge of optimizing heat transfer efficiency and stabilizing nanoparticle dynamics. These challenges are essential for applications in chemical processing, material coating, and advanced electronic cooling systems. Governing equations are modeled and analyzed, incorporating the generalized Fourier and Fick heat flux to account for heat transfer time delay, magnetic field effect, diffusion, Forchheimer flow, and chemical reaction parameters. The converted coupled system of ordinary differential equations is solved numerically using the shooting method. The findings reveal that the generalized Fourier and Fick heat flux, together with the magnetic field effects, significantly enhance the heat transfer, thereby improving the thermal diffusion. The diffusion and Forchheimer flow are observed to have a substantial impact on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles and their rates of change. Heat transfer is observed to decrease by 4.32% in nanofluid and 3.42% in hybrid nanofluid with a 33.3% rise in the radiative heat parameter. Additionally, an initial transient behavior in nanoparticle concentration is observed near the surface which is reversed a bit away from the surface. Understanding this behavior is crucial for improving the performance and efficiency of thermal systems in diverse engineering applications.
Statistical inferences of reliability and order-restricted nano-droplet rebound by comparative kumaraswamy populations based on balanced joint progressive censoring
Authors: Panahi Hanieh
Published: December 2024

The rebounded nano-droplet (RND) is one of the important issues in creating defective coatings. The RND depends on many factors such as angle of droplet impact and velocity. Reliability model can be considered to determine the probability of surface defect under two impact angles in the RND data. In this paper, we have delved into the application of reliability and order-restricted (ORe) estimation methods for two Kumaraswamy populations in the RND data. The study kicks off by evaluating maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimates of the reliability parameter and order-restricted parameters in presence of balanced joint progressive censored data. Bayes estimations for reliability and ORe parameters under two different loss functions are investigated with the Metropolis-Hastings technique and Lindley’s approach. To evaluate order-restricted Bayesian estimates, ordered Beta-Gamma prior is considered. The asymptotic, Bootstrapping and Bayesian bounds are also computed. A thorough simulation analysis is demonstrated to assess the performance of the supplied approaches across various sample sizes. The usefulness of the techniques is illustrated using RND data to prove their versatility in practical applications.
Machine Learning Driven Design and Optimization of Broadband Metamaterial Absorber for Terahertz Applications
Authors: Chamundeswari G , Dornala Raghunadha , Kumar Sandeep , Jain Arpit , Kumar Parvathanani Rajendra , Pandey Vaibhav , Gupta Mansi , Bansal Shonak , Prakash Krishna
Published: December 2024

This article presents a novel broadband metamaterial absorber (MMA) that leverages machine learning to enhance performance in terahertz applications. The MMA consists of a vanadium dioxide (VO2) resonator placed above a dielectric spacer and a conductive ground layer. By altering the conductivity of VO2, the MMA modulates its absorption characteristics. At high temperatures, the absorber demonstrates over 80% absorption across the frequency range of 1.22 to 3.14 THz, achieving peak absorption levels of 99.99% at 4.84 THz and 99.90% at 5.82 THz. The study further explores how geometric adjustments influence the absorption characteristics. The MMA exhibits polarization independence and wide-angle absorption, further enhancing its adaptability. Machine learning models—k-nearest neighbor (KNN), LightGBM (LGBM), and Histogram-based Gradient Boosting (HGB)—are employed to predict absorption coefficients at intermediate frequency, periodic dimensions, and substrate thickness. These regression models are evaluated using root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and R2 score across test sizes ranging from 0.4 to 0.6. The KNN model demonstrates outstanding performance, with R2 values of 0.9977 for feature ‘a’ and 0.9982 for feature ‘hs’ at a test size of 0.4. The regression analysis suggests that ML-based MMAs can reduce simulation time and resource usage by up to 60%. This work establishes a framework for broadband MMA design using machine learning techniques, offering promising applications in terahertz modulation, sensing, and tunable devices.
Robust assessment of the cortical encoding of word-level expectations using the temporal response function
Authors: Chalehchaleh Amirhossein , Winchester Martin M , Di Liberto Giovanni M
Published: December 2024

Objective. Speech comprehension involves detecting words and interpreting their meaning according to the preceding semantic context. This process is thought to be underpinned by a predictive neural system that uses that context to anticipate upcoming words. However, previous studies relied on evaluation metrics designed for continuous univariate sound features, overlooking the discrete and sparse nature of word-level features. This mismatch has limited effect sizes and hampered progress in understanding lexical prediction mechanisms in ecologically-valid experiments. Approach. We investigate these limitations by analyzing both simulated and actual electroencephalography (EEG) signals recorded during a speech comprehension task. We then introduce two novel assessment metrics tailored to capture the neural encoding of lexical surprise, improving upon traditional evaluation approaches. Main results. The proposed metrics demonstrated effect-sizes over 140% larger than those achieved with the conventional temporal response function (TRF) evaluation. These improvements were consistent across both simulated and real EEG datasets. Significance. Our findings substantially advance methods for evaluating lexical prediction in neural data, enabling more precise measurements and deeper insights into how the brain builds predictive representations during speech comprehension. These contributions open new avenues for research into predictive coding mechanisms in naturalistic language processing.
Available land for cellulosic biofuel production: a supply chain centered comparison
Authors: O’Neill E G , Lark T J , Xie Y , Kim S , Dale B E , Robertson G P , Basso B , Maravelias C T
Published: December 2024

The land that is potentially available to produce dedicated cellulosic bioenergy crops, often referred to as ‘marginal’ land, depends heavily on the underlying assumptions used to classify and identify it. In this study we compare three definitions and types of marginal land to identify the interactions between the bioenergy landscape and the logistics networks needed for the biofuel supply chain. Typical studies of the scale, cost, and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potential of cellulosic biofuel take a land-centered approach which may neglect to account for the trade-offs between establishing bioenergy crops and the supply chain design decisions needed to allow those crops to be converted to liquid fuel. A mathematical programming approach is used to minimize the total annualized cost of a large-scale field-to-product system producing bioethanol in the USA midwest. Results show that a high concentration of marginal land leads to efficient systems and that the bioenergy landscape design becomes increasingly important with a higher emphasis on GHG mitigation. Additionally, targeted landscape design (including fertilization) with a focus on fields with high soil carbon sequestration potential can greatly reduce the system-wide GHG emissions for only a small increase in the unit cost of biofuel.
Global disparity in synergy of solar power and vegetation growth
Authors: Chen Shi , Wang Yuhan , Lu Xi , He Kebin , Hao Jiming
Published: December 2024

The impacts of large-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) power on local vegetation are pivotal in the context of widespread solar deployment for net-zero goals, amid escalating land fragility and use competition. Amid debates over positive or negative effects, a global pattern analysis post the past decade’s PV surge remains absent. This study quantified vegetation changes across 626 largest global PV stations and probed influencing factors using remote sensing data. Results suggest a positive effect of PV stations on local vegetation for more than 90% of stations in barren areas and 80% of stations in grasslands. But the positive effects only exert for less than 55% stations located in deserts and croplands. PV system design, especially lower installation density, along with favorable pre-existing attributes especially low original vegetation coverage, emerge as pivotal factors potentially improving PV positive impacts. These findings offer fundamental insights into cross-sectoral synergies in renewable development and vegetation growth.
Water Quality Analysis of the Manuhing Watershed (DAS) of Gunung Mas Regency, Central Kalimantan
Authors: Binoto P D , Gumiri S , Anwar M
Published: December 2024

The Watershed (DAS) of Gunung Mas Regency, Central Kalimantan, is used as a carrying capacity for the lives of the community in Manuhing and Manuhing Raya Districts as a natural resource from the forestry, plantation, and mining sectors. The rise in population around the watershed contributes to the ongoing depletion of natural resources, causing detrimental effects on the developing watershed ecosystem including degradation, water quality decline, erosion, landslides, and sedimentation. These issues can significantly disrupt the livelihoods of the people living in the area of the Manuhing watershed. This research seeks to evaluate the water quality of the Manuhing watershed by analyzing physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters. A cluster sampling (CS) method with a quantitative descriptive approach was applied in this study. Based on physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters detected during both wet and dry seasons, the research results illustrate the effect of climate changes on the water quality of the Manuhing Watershed (DAS). Deteriorations in water quality within the TSS, BOD5, COD, DO, fecal coliforms, and total coliforms parameters have a detrimental effect on the capacity of the Manuhing watershed ecosystem to live.
Potential of Tree Litter and Influencing Factors on Agroforestry Cropping Patterns with Cassava
Authors: Saptono M , Guritno B , Hairiah K , Suprayogo D
Published: December 2024

There are both positive and negative effects of trees on crops in agroforestry systems. Trees can have a positive impact by providing organic material from fallen litter. Cassava is one of the crops commonly planted in agroforestry systems. This study aims to examine the dynamics of tree leaf growth and evaluate the amount of tree litter input. The experiment was conducted on farmer-owned land in Karang Sakti Village, Muara Sungkai District, North Lampung Regency, Lampung Province. Observations were made on cassava and four types of trees in the agroforestry system: mahogany, paraserianthes, rubber, and oil palm. The experimental plots were divided into four groups on different farmer lands. The results showed that paraserianthes produced fallen litter in the form of leaves, branches, or twigs up to 8.76 Mg ha−1 year−1. This amount is twice as much as the litter produced by mahogany or rubber, which were 4.62 and 4.28 Mg ha−1 year−1, respectively. Meanwhile, oil palm only produced 0.71 Mg ha−1 year−1 of litter. Cassava planted in agroforestry with mahogany, paraserianthes, rubber, and oil palm produced fallen litter amounts of 2.01, 1.37, 1.35, and 1.51 Mg ha−1 year−1, respectively. The litter from monoculture cassava reached 4.53 Mg ha−1 year−1. The surface litter in the agroforestry system with mahogany, paraserianthes, rubber, and oil palm were 1.09, 1.61, 0.35, and 0.55 Mg ha−1, respectively. The surface litter in monoculture cassava was 0.30 Mg ha−1. Paraserianthes provided more organic material compared to mahogany, rubber, or oil palm. The amount of fallen litter is related to the leaf lifespan on branches or twigs of the trees. Trees with shorter leaf lifespans produce more litter compared to trees with longer leaf lifespans.
Metal bioaccumulation in forest plants in Central Kalimantan gold mine tailings
Authors: Putir Patricia Erosa , Koroh Desy Natalia , Sampang  , Kusin Kitso , Penyang
Published: December 2024

When the company first began mining, it carried out reclamation work in the gold mining region in compliance with relevant rules and regulations as well as sound mining practices. Depending on the circumstances, there are several ways to implement post-mining reclamation processes. Tailings, or muddy waste from gold mining operations, are generally composed of several heavy metals and possibly reactive minerals. Phytoremediation, or utilizing plants to improve the soil and water conditions in tailings, can be used in tailings contaminated with heavy metals and hazardous conditions. It is believed that the type of plant and the soil or tailings medium in which it grows affect the amount of heavy metal pollution in plants. In two types of forest plants; balangeran (Shorea balangeran) and tumih (Combretocarpus rotundatus), the value of the bioaccumulation factor, or bioccumulation concentration factor (BCF), is being calculated quantitatively. The plants are being planted at two tailing locations: tailing 1 (7 years) and tailing 2 (1 year). The study ran from April to October 2022 for seven months. Plant samples containing Pb, Cu, and Zn concentrations were used to assess the metals. Using an AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer), the metal content of the leaves and tailings was determined. According to the tailings analysis results, the metal concentration in tailings 1 was highest for Zn (93 mg/kg) and Cu (47 mg/kg) planted with balangeran and lowest for Cu (75 mg/kg) and Zn (101 mg/kg) planted with tumih. The lowest metal concentration was found in tailings 2 for medium Pb metal. When medium balangeran was planted, the maximum metal concentrations were found in Zn (64 mg/kg) and Pb (38 mg/kg). Zn (69 mg/g), Pb (37 mg/kg), and Cu (the least) are the metals planted with tumih. Metal biaccumulation (BCF) calculations show that tailings 1 and 2 fall into the low bioaccumulation group, with BCF falling between 0.01-0.20 and 0.01-0.10, respectively. Zn has the highest BCF in both tailings 1 and 2. The zinc metal (0.23) from the Shorea balangeran factory had the highest BCF in both tailings 1 and 2.
The Growth and Yield of Solanum ferox L. as Impacted of Ameliorants in Peat Soil
Authors: Chotimah H E N C , Lautt B S , Rahayuningsih S E A , Darung U , Simanjuntak B H
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine whether application of ameliorants can enhance growth and yield of sour eggplant (Solanum ferox L.) cultivated on peat soils, as well as which ameliorants are most effective. The experiment was conducted in Kalampangan Palangka Raya with six treatment levels of ameliorants and four replications using Randomized Group Design method. In addition to no ameliorant was applied, chicken manure at 20 t ha−1, cow manure at 20 t ha−1, goat manure at 20 t ha−1, petrobio at 300 kg ha−1, and dolomite at 7 t ha−1. The results showed that chicken manure was found to be a significant enhancer of plant growth and yield by increasing the number of flowers, fruits, and fruit weight. Chicken manure may be used as an ameliorant in the cultivation of wild sour eggplant in peatlands.
Raising environmental awareness through English learning materials
Authors: Asi N , Fauzan A
Published: December 2024

Global environmental challenges, including climate change, land destruction, and biodiversity loss, are escalating. Addressing these issues requires large-scale collective actions and significant behavioural changes. Environmental sustainability awareness, underpinned by substantial environmental knowledge, is crucial for fostering such changes. In this regard, environmental education is a key tool. Through Indonesia’s English language curriculum, it is evident that enhancing environmental awareness is feasible by using the learning materials which are mostly text types. The current research employs Content Analysis as it investigates the content of English syllabus in high schools. The findings show that the English learning materials at secondary schools can be used to embed environmental topics as the texts are various in genre, such as narrative, descriptive, procedure, analytical exposition, hortatory exposition, recount, report, argumentative, and discussion. Through these texts, students can learn about the environment and how to protect it, whilst learning the English content materials. Thus, they can get two precious inputs, that is about the language and the environment.
Identification of Termite Genera and intensity of attack on Mulberry (Morus indica and M. cathayana)
Authors: Nuraeni Sitti , Arif Astuti , Sahari Bulang A.
Published: December 2024

Termite infestations on mulberry trees can affect leaf productivity and indirectly impact raw silk production in the sericulture industry. This study aims to identify genera that can damage mulberries and the intensity of attacks on M. Indica and M. cathayana. Termite samples were taken from plants that showed paths and mounds of soil at the base of the stem and branches. The attack intensity was calculated using a census of each type of mulberry for 2,018 plants in 5 observation blocks. The identification results found two families, namely Rhinotermitidae with two genera, Reticulitermes and Coptotermes, and the Termitidae family, genus Macrotermes. Trees infested by termites in M. indica reached 4.56% and M. cathayana 2.23%, with light to heavy damage categories. Meanwhile, the attack intensity of the termite’s genera was the Genus Retikulitermes, Coptotermes, and Macrotormes, respectively 53.6%, 21.4%, and 7.1%.
Agroforestry development relies on local wisdom (ecological, economic and social aspects): Case Study from Gapoktan Pujo Makmur, Lampung Province, Indonesia
Authors: Rufaidah Erlina , Surnayanti  , Machya  , Harianto Sugeng P.
Published: December 2024

Combining trees with other kinds of plants, such as agricultural ones, is known as agroforestry. One of the Indonesian regions using the HKm scheme agroforestry system is Gapoktan Pujo Makmur. It is situated in the Lampung Province’s Pesawaran Regency’s protected forest region. Agroforestry’s social, ecological, and economic components are some of the elements that make it successful. This won’t function, though, if the local community’s knowledge isn’t connected to these three components. Finding the ecological, economic, and social roles associated with local community knowledge is the goal of the study. In this study, interviews and direct observation were the two methodologies employed. In this study, fifty respondents who farmed agroforestry land in Gapoktan Pujo Makmur were chosen as respondents. The ecological roles of the agroforestry region in Gapoktan Pujo Makmur are to shade trees, hold on to soil and water, fertilize the soil, sustain other plants, prevent erosion, and offer protection, according to research findings. There are seventeen varieties of plants with economic usage based on their economic function. MPTS, plantation, and agricultural plants are among the plants of economic importance. The most valuable plant in the MPTS is the durian plant; the most valuable plant in the plantation is the coffee plant; and the most valuable plant in the agriculture sector is the cardamom plant. In the management of cultivated land, there are a number of collective agreements based on social functions. For example, theft carries a fine that is ten times the selling price, depending on the type of agroforestry plant taken; however, for some plant species, people who do not cultivate their own land are permitted to enjoy the fruit. or produce that is gathered beneath stands but is prohibited from being brought home.
Analysis of Land Cover Changes as One of The Quality Indicators of The Biang Loe River Watershed
Authors: Arsyad Usman , Amaliah Rizki , Dahlan Nur Ashilah
Published: December 2024

The problem of changes in land cover is caused by two main factors, namely natural factors and human factors. Natural factors include landslides, erosion, floods, while human factors are closely related to population growth, livelihooods, accesibility, but the main factor is the increase in population, causing the need for space and land to increase. This research aims to identify changes in land cover that occurred in 2013, 2018, and 2023 using Landsat 8 image data, followed by an assessment of the percentage of vegetation cover (PPV) in the Biang Loe River Watershed. Analysis of land cover changes using the Geographic Information System (GIS) via the overlay method and permanently vegetated land to assess PPV. In the 2013-2018 and 2018-2023 periods, the dominant land cover classes that experienced changes were mixed dry land agriculture and dry land agriculture. The area of mixed dry land farming was 1.728,67 ha in the 2013-2018 period and 1.710,74 ha in the 2018-2023 period. Permanent vegetation cover increased by 3.37 ha in the 2013-2018 period and by 4.41 ha in the 2018-2023 period. The average PPV value in 2013, 2018, and 2023 is 24.46% and is included in the bad category.
Social Forestry on The Dynamic of Land Use Changes and Deforestation in the Walanae Forest Management Unit
Authors: Rijal Syamsu , Asrini Tri Nadia , Nursaputra Munajat , Chairil A , Malamassam Daud
Published: December 2024

Deforestation is an event that changes forests into non-forests which has an impact on the environment, and also indirectly on the social economy of society. One area in South Sulawesi that is categorized as having a high level of vulnerability to deforestation is Soppeng Regency. There are many steps to curb deforestation, one of which is Social Forestry as a step in forest management in Indonesia. The policy has provided opportunities for local communities to actively participate in forest resource management and utilization activities. However, has social forestry so far curbed the rate of deforestation? So it is necessary to study whether social forestry as a community-based management system is able to reduce the rate of deforestation or even increase it further in the Walanae KPH, Soppeng Regency. The research method begins by interpreting land cover at each social forestry approval permit location in 2000, the year of Social Forestry approval, and 2024 using Landsat imagery temporally. Next, these data were described using the Geographic Information System method which was equipped with field tracing. The results of this research show that in early 2000, the year the Social Forestry Permit was approved until 2024, mixed dry land agricultural land cover continued to increase in area by around 2,000 ha. From 2000 until the year the Social Forestry Permit was approved, the closure of high-density forest land and grassland was converted into mixed dry agricultural land and low density forest. However, in the year of Social Forestry permit approval until 2024, low density forests have mostly been deforested. Viewed based on the social forestry scheme, the community forestry scheme and village forests also have the same conditions as the general forest conditions in the social forestry permit area. The increase in dry mixed agricultural land is caused by the decreasing availability of land for agriculture which is followed by increasing economic needs of the community. Apart from that, the search results show that there are illegal parties carrying out forest clearing and land management.
Correlation of duration and depth of burying with cyanide reduction in Pangium edule Reinw.
Authors: Aminullah Nur Abdi , Baharuddin  , Syahidah
Published: December 2024

Pangium edule Reinw is a plant that can be used as a food spice and also contains antioxidants. However, pangi contains cyanide, a potent toxin when consumed. A process is required to remove the levels of cyanide before it is consumed. This study aims to analyze the correlation between the depth and time of burying and the reduction in cyanide levels, with practical implications for food safety and agriculture. The study was carried out by burying the fruit at different depths of 15, 30, and 45 cm and burying it at 20, 40, and 60 days. Cyanide reduction involves boiling, depth, and duration of burying. Moreover, visual observations of the fruit are also analyzed. The results showed that a depth of 45 cm and a length of 60 days resulted in the greatest reduction in cyanide levels of up to 95%. However, for visual testing, a 30 cm depth and a 60-day length yielded the best results, resulting in a dark brown to concentrated black color, while color changes at depths of 45cm and 60 days only reached the level of brown red.
Social Interaction Dynamics and Mangrove Ecosystem Management for Blue Carbon, Case Study: Tongke-tongke Mangrove Tourism area Indonesia
Authors: Salle Supriadi , Soma Andang Suryana , Paembonan Samuel Arung , Rahmat Syaeful
Published: December 2024

Blue carbon refers to the carbon stored in the biomass and sediments of mangrove, seagrass and peat swamp ecosystems. Mangrove ecosystems play an important role in climate change mitigation by sequestering carbon in coastal areas. However, mangrove ecosystems around the world are experiencing significant degradation and deforestation, mainly due to human activities such as land conversion. This degradation not only negatively impacts climate resilience, but also biodiversity, local economies, and the well-being of coastal communities. Effective management of mangrove ecosystems for blue carbon requires not only technical efforts, but also a deep understanding of the complex dynamics of social interactions between people and mangroves. Coastal communities often have a close relationship with mangroves, relying on them for a variety of benefits, such as food sources, firewood, and building materials. These social interactions can influence how communities manage and utilize mangroves. It is therefore important to actively involve communities in mangrove management efforts for blue carbon, taking into account their needs and aspirations. The Tongke-tongke Mangrove Tourism Area in Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, offers an interesting example of how social interaction dynamics can influence mangrove management for blue carbon. In Tongke-tongke, communities have long utilized mangroves for a variety of purposes, including nature tourism, fish farming, and crab harvesting. However, mangrove management in Tongke-tongke still faces several challenges, such as land conversion for infrastructure development and forest encroachment. This research is important to understand how the dynamics of social interaction and management of mangrove ecosystems, especially those related to blue carbon and its carbon stock potential. To see social interactions in relation to carbon stocks, a field survey was conducted by interviewing managers, tourists and local communities then creating a social network of tongke-tongke mangrove tourism area, then analyzing carbon stocks integrated with geographic information systems. The results show that people who visit and those in mangrove tourism areas have quite dense interactions. but not all understand the role of mangrove ecosystems as climate control. The rate of social interactions in relation to mangrove degradation is increasing every year. This correlation shows that encroachment and changes in mangrove ecosystems are increasingly massive so that they interfere with their role as climate control in relation to blue carbon.
Approach to sustainability evaluation and optimization of machining parameters in the turning process of AISI 304 steel.
Authors: Mayorga-Ases Leticia , Carranza-Calero Diego , Núñez Diego Núñez , Pérez-Salinas Cristian
Published: December 2024

The study investigates the sustainability evaluation and optimization of machining parameters in the turning process of AISI 304 steel under different lubrication and cooling conditions. The research employs a Taguchi experimental design to assess the impact of various cutting parameters, comparing dry cutting with a hybrid semi-dry method using CO2 and Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) with nano TiO2. The optimization of the process resulted in Vc of 195 m/min and f of 0.2 mm/rev cutting conditions. The findings demonstrate that hybrid lubrication and cooling significantly reduce tool wear and extend tool life compared to dry cutting (80% better). The type of cutting fluid is identified as the most critical factor in prolonging tool life resulting the Cryo + MQL + nano TiO2 better than dry conditions. In the sustainability analysis, the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) method was used. Encompassing economic, environmental, and social indicators, the study reveals that hybrid machining processes (GRG: 0.61) could be one of the alternatives to be used in terms of energy consumption tool life, and environmental impact for its behaviour to replace dry machining (GRG: 0.83). This study provides a comprehensive framework for optimizing machining processes with a focus on sustainability, highlighting the benefits of hybrid lubrication and cooling systems in improving tool performance and reducing environmental impact.
Hydrocarbon tolerance evaluation of the microbiota associated with the Roystonea oleracea palm from Santay Island (Ecuador)
Authors: Andrade Jean Carlo , Mafla Santiago , Riofrío Kelly , Hernández José , Tobes Ibon , Lara-Basantes Cristian
Published: December 2024

Soil contamination from hydrocarbon spills has resulted in significant environmental repercussions on a global scale. Bioremediation, which involves the use of living organisms such as microbes to remove contaminants from polluted ecosystems, offers a promising solution. In this study, tolerance tests on hydrocarbons present in Jet Fuel A1 were carried out, utilizing microorganisms isolated from four soil samples (M1, M2, M3, and M4) collected at varying distances from the rhizosphere of Roystonea oleracea on Santay Island, a RAMSAR wetland located in the Guayas River estuary on the Pacific coast of Ecuador. Sample M1 was closest to the base of the palm, while M4 was the farthest. Various soil ions, including potassium, phosphates, iron, and total nitrogen, were analyzed, and higher concentrations were found near the base of the palm. Additionally, a metabolic profile analysis of the samples was conducted using Ecoplate® kits, which revealed similar trends, with carbon sources being predominantly consumed near the base. A community-level analysis was performed using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE), followed by molecular characterization through amplification of the 16S RNA conserved region via the Sanger method. The identified microorganisms included Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Lysinibacillus boronitolerans, Alcaligenes faecalis, and Bacillus soli in the soil samples. Notably, strains isolated from samples near the palm’s base were able to grow in media enriched with Jet Fuel A1 and demonstrated the ability to produce biosurfactants, as determined by the drop-collapsing method. The results obtained present opportunities for future research in the exploration of novel green remediation technologies.
Active Modeling of Solar Panel Performance using K-Means and Multiple Linear Regression with Environmental Variables and Historical Data.
Authors: Castro José Raúl , Castillo Tuesman , Saravia Cesar
Published: December 2024

The present study focuses on the relationship between environmental variables and solar panel performance, using clustering techniques and regression analysis. The K-Means algorithm was implemented to cluster data according to environmental conditions, and multiple linear regression was applied to mathematically model the performance of the panels. This approach allows for the identification of patterns in solar energy production considering solar irradiation and temperature on the solar panels under various conditions. The photovoltaic system of the Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL) served as a case study, demonstrating how irradiance and temperature affect energy production. The results highlight the inherent complexity of the relationship between environmental variables and the performance of solar panels, emphasizing the importance of detailed and adaptive energy management strategies to improve the performance of solar panels.
Analysis of the impact of solar radiation and temperature variations on grid-connected photovoltaic power generation
Authors: Cajilema Kevin , Salazar-Achig Roberto , Jiménez J. Diego L.
Published: December 2024

The present investigation shows the influence of the variation of solar radiation and temperature on the generation of electrical energy in a photovoltaic system connected to the grid, considering the current NEC-11 regulations of the country. To address the problem, real data from the Ventana’s canton, Los Ríos province, Ecuador, are considered, and the Monte Carlo method is used to complete the missing data from the radiation and temperature measuring instruments. Next, we develop a simulation in MATLAB Simulink that takes into account the maximum transfer power function, followed by another simulation in PVsyst to ascertain the system’s energy production capacity. The results show that the electrical grid supplies 60.44 % of the demand, while the photovoltaic system contributes 39.56 %. Finally, the analysis of electrical energy generation, considering fluctuating solar radiation and temperature data versus keeping this parameter constant, shows a 0.79 % increase in generation by the photovoltaic system.
Brief review on the implementation of charging stations for electric buses
Authors: Yánez A.H , González Cindy Franco , Yánez B. E.R. , Moreira B. Karem , Alvear D. Josselin
Published: December 2024

The transition to Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) is crucial for addressing climate change, as BEVs have the potential to reduce carbon mitigation costs within climate policy frameworks, thereby increasing economic, social, and ecological benefits. Moreover, the electrification of transportation plays a vital role in the decarbonisation of energy infrastructures and the integration of renewable energy sources into the grid, significantly contributing to global climate action efforts. The systematic review employed a rigorous search protocol to carefully compile academic sources from reputable international scientific databases, with a particular focus on articles from SJR-Scopus and Web of Science. This approach ensured comprehensive interdisciplinary coverage and strong representation within the relevant field, thereby enhancing the credibility and reliability of the review. The paper investigates the establishment of charging stations for electric buses across Latin America, shedding light on sustainability strategies, economic viability, and the impact of governmental policies on advancing public transport electrification. It emphasizes the importance of battery technology, charging infrastructure, and energy management for the effective deployment of electric buses. Additionally, it highlights the challenges and benefits associated with electrified transportation, including energy efficiency, environmental benefits, and economic impacts. The study showcases successful electric bus initiatives in cities such as Quito, Buenos Aires, Bogotá, and Santiago, emphasizing the collaborative efforts between local and international companies to improve air quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Fish diversity of siluridae from Central Mahakam East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Authors: Haryono  , Gustiano R , Jusmaldi  , Nasution S H , Wahyudewantoro G , Yulianto  , Rusdianto
Published: December 2024

Siluridae is a large family with varying species and sizes. Besides, many species of Siluridae are endemic and endangered. The Mahakam River in East Kalimantan is an important habitat for Siluridae, but the threat is increasing especially the construction of the New State Capital (IKN). The aims of this study were to find out the diversity of silurids from Mahakam watershed, knowing the potential and taxonomic status, also conservation status. To achieve this goal, a survey was carried out in Kutai Kartanegara Regency which is included in the Central Mahakam in June 2023. Sampling used gill nets with mesh size of 0.5-1.0 inches. Fish caught is preserved in a plastic bag containing 10% formalin solution which is equipped with a label containing the important information. Then, it is deposited in the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) for processing that immersing in running water, sorting, and storing in a collection bottle containing 70% alcohol solution. The next stage to identified using books and related references. Morphometric covering 20 characters, then analysis using discriminant methods. The results were caught 37 individuals from six species, namely Kryptopterus bicirrhis, Kryptopterus limpok, Ompok hypophthalmus. Ompok miostoma, Phalacronotus apogon, and Phalacronotus micronemus. Based discriminant analysis showed the six species are completely separated (100%) with the main characters viz. HL, PDL, PEL, DFH, DFBL, and PFBL. Two genera are Kryptopterus and Ompok formed group separated from Phalacronotus. All species in this study are potential as consume fish, but Kryptopterus bichirrhis has possible to develop as ornamental fish. The conservation status is mostly Least Concern (LC), except Ompok miostoma is Near Threatened (NT).
Assessment of heavy metals contamination and sediment quality in the Upstream Citarum Watershed
Authors: Yustiawati  , Mulyaningsih T R , Yusuf S , Subehi L , Nugraha M F I , Julzarika A , Imroatushshoolikhah  , Sofiyudin H A , Akhdiana I
Published: December 2024

Anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, industry, and settlements along the Citarum watershed tend to release a number of wastes into the aquatic environment, which then causes contamination of water and river sediments, such as heavy metal contamination. In the aquatic environment, sediment quality is one of the indicators for assessing the level of pollution. The aim of this study is to determine the content of heavy metals (As, Co, Cr, Zn) in sediments and to determine the quality of sediments in the upstream segment of the Citarum watershed using various indices. The sediment samples were collected from 10 sampling sites of Citarum watershed, in March and September 2022. Heavy metal concentrations were determined using the neutron activation analysis technique. Enrichment Factor (EF), Geo-accumulation index (I-geo), Pollution Load Index (PLI), Contamination Factor (EF) and Ecological risk Factor (Er) were calculated to evaluate pollution level of sediment in Citarum watershed. Arsenic enrichment was detected in Situ Cisanti (Stations 1 and 3) at moderate levels, however, there was no enrichment of Zn, Cr, Co, and As in the other sampling points. According to the I-geo, PLI, CF, and Er values, various sampling stations within the Citarum watershed have been found to be contaminated with As, Cr, and Co at different levels, ranging from low to high. However, the Ecological Risk Factor assessment suggests that all the sampling stations pose a low risk in terms of ecological impact.
Abundance of periphyton on some types of plastic waste in Singkarak Lake West Sumatera
Authors: Suryono T , Henny C , Yoga G P , Rahmadya A
Published: December 2024

This research was carried out on the distribution and abundance of periphyton on several types of plastic in the waters of Singkarak Lake in September 2022 at three main inlets, namely the Sumpur, Paninggahan, and Sumani Rivers, as well as one outlet, namely Batang Ombilin. Periphyton was taken from several types of plastic waste submerged in the water of Singkarak Lake with an area of 16 cm2 in 3 repetitions. The surface of the plastic sample was scrubbed using a brush, then placed in a plankton bottle, then preserved using Lugol’s solution, and two drops of 4% formalin were added. Water quality, such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, nitrate, orthophosphate, total dissolve solid, turbidity, and chlorophyll, are also taken to determine environmental conditions. The composition and abundance of periphyton found in samples of several types of plastic consisted of the Bacillariophyta class ranging from 56-59.2%, then the Chlorophyta class had an abundance of between 28.5 - 34.3%, the Cyanophyta class ranged from 7.2 - 10.5% meanwhile, the Chrysophyta class is only found in 4.6% of plastic drinking glasses. The Xanthophyta class is only found in clear white plastic at 4.4%. The results of CCA ordination with MVSP software show that the periphyton abundance is distributed centrally. This indicates that the abundance of periphyton found in several types of plastic waste in the waters of Lake Singkarak is similar and there is no dominance of certain types of periphyton.
Assessment of soil erosion severity zones for prioritization of sedimentation control measures at Mahakam Cascade Lake in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Apip  , Fakhrudin M
Published: December 2024

Because of high sedimentation, Mahakam Cascade Lake’s sustainability functions are at risk. Surface soil erosion in its internal catchment area (51,571 km2) is the primary source of sediment. In order to control erosion, it is necessary to choose high-priority areas. This research aims to develop priority control zones based on the level of soil erosion in the lake’s catchment area. The distributed simulation model for rainfall, runoff, and sediment served as the main methodology to accomplish this. The model’s output includes spatial information on the five classes of soil erosion rates (very light, light, medium, heavy, and very heavy). We then establish the priorities for erosion control areas based on the erosion rate criteria. We determined that an area meeting the criteria for a very heavy erosion rate class (> 250 tons/ha) is the primary control priority within the catchment. The mapping results show that 26 sub-districts and 4 regencies administratively distribute the main control priority area. Each sub-district has a different total area for priority areas, and there are 8 sub-districts with a combined potential priority area of more than 300 km2. In general, mapping soil erosion severity zones can serve as a guide for more effective erosion control.
Evaluation of floating water intake on the Citarum river for industrial needs in the Purwakarta industrial area, West Java
Authors: Prayogo T , Hidayat N , Riyadi A , Zaidan M , Syaefudin  , Widodo L , Widiatmoko N , Tresnadi H , Kusumastuti E , Rosadi AHY , Budiman B , Mujianto
Published: December 2024

Water is a vital resource for all living organisms, including industrial processes. To ensure the uninterrupted operation of industrial processes, it is crucial to provide adequate amounts of clean water of appropriate quality. Floating water intakes are designed to extract surface water from dams or rivers, which may experience significant fluctuations in water levels. The enhancement of industrial capacity and the maintenance of pump houses in the sector necessitate the implementation of a comprehensive planning, construction, and supervisory system to regulate and utilize the water resources of the Citarum River. In order to meet the requirements of the industry, it is essential to ensure the continuous functioning of the relevant processes. The objective of this study is to assess the floating water intake in the vicinity of the Pump House. This will be achieved through the utilisation of a topographical survey and a depth probe of the Citarum River. The Citarum River at the floating water intake location exhibits a depth range of 5 to 7.5 meters, while the terrain surrounding the pump house demonstrates a height range of 27,255 to 29,876 meters, as evidenced by the findings of the study. Furthermore, the elevation of the Citarum river bed at this location varies from 19.5 to 22 meters.
Study of the effectiveness of wasted container bags in SMART floating net cage culture system
Authors: Warsa A , Tjahjo D W H , Astuti L P
Published: December 2024

A floating net cage (FNC) aquaculture program is one of the attempts to maximize the Jatiluhur Reservoir’s use. The community surrounding the waters benefits economically from the FNC activity. However, there is a chance that the pollution from this activity will deteriorate the quality of the water. sources of pollution from fish faeces and uneaten feed in aquaculture operations. To lower the pollution load, an environmentally friendly FCC technology is therefore required. A technology that is applicable is SMART Floating Net Cages. An adaptation of aquaponics, the Smart FNC can be used in open water, such as a lake or reservoir. There is a container for uneaten feed and plant filtration included into the Smart FNC. Determining approximately the amount of feed storage remaining in the container is the objective of the research. This study was carried out in Jatiluhur Reservoir using a double net cage from February to May of 2021. The lower net measures 14x7x6 m, and the upper net includes two plots of 7x7x3 m. 200 kilograms of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), with an average weight of 49.0 g, were reared in the lower net, whereas 150 kg of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) weighed an average of 13.5 g in the upper net. Fish reared for carp will be fed to ensure they are satisfied, but Nile tilapia only consume leftover food from common carp rearing. At the end of reared, the wasted feed remaining in the storage bag is thoroughly sucked up and dried. The remaining feed was wasted as much as 255 kg with a waste storage bag efficiency of 38.6%.
Design and performance characterisation of 10 nm negative capacitance double gate MOSFET (NCDGMOSFET)
Authors: Prakash Neeraj Nayan , Tripathi Suman Lata , Saxena Sobhit
Published: December 2024

The major focus on any transistor-level design is to minimize the effects on switching speed and power consumption at smaller dimensions, which are crucial in VLSI design for low power applications. In this work, a double gate MOSFET design is proposed with p+ pocket in the channel region at 10 nm technology node. Further a ferroelectric material HfO2FE is also introduced between gate and oxide layer resulting a negative capacitance double gate MOSFET (NCDGMOSFET). Ferroelectric material shows negative capacitance that limits the subthreshold slope with dimension scaling. Increased gate control and high switching speed in NCDGMOSFET with lightly doped n-channel, is a promising transistor option for low-power high performance IC design. The proposed device design is characterised with different pocket dimensions for gate and drain voltage ranges from 0 V to 1.5 V. The contact resistance of drain and source is also varied to observe device ON/OFF performances. The electrostatic behaviour of the device is also analysed via observation of electric field and potential variations at different bias conditions. Adding a p+ pocket in the NCDGMOSFET structure further enhances the performance by modifying the channel properties with subthreshold slope and DIBL vales of 76 mV decade−1 and 36 mV/V respectively. This modification also leads to improved barrier to subthreshold conduction during the Ioff state of the transistor, while minimally impacting the Ion state. The proposed device design and performance analysis are conducted through TCAD 2D/3D device simulation software by Cogenda.