bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Creatinine, Urea, Ionized Calcium, and Bicarbonate Methods by 2 POC Systems and a Mainframe Chemistry Analyzer
Authors: Toffaletti John G , Handel Elizabeth , Riese Chris , Xu Clarke
Published: January 2023

Background

The i-STAT (iST) and GEM Premier ChemSTAT (ChmST) are point-of-care systems that measure electrolytes, metabolites, acid-base parameters, and hematocrit on blood. We compared results for creatinine, urea (blood urea nitrogen [BUN]), total carbon dioxide (tCo2), and ionized calcium (ion Ca) on blood by the ChmST and iST to Beckman DxC600 (DxC600) results for creatinine and urea on plasma and GEM Premier 5000 (GEM5K) results for ion Ca and tCo2 on blood.

Methods

107 heparinized blood specimens were analyzed on the ChmST and iST systems, with plasma tested by DxC600 for creatinine and BUN and blood tested by GEM5K for ion Ca and tCo2. We evaluated the methods primarily by the mean and SD of the biases at clinically relevant concentrations.

Results

The correlations of ChmST and iST results on blood for creatinine, BUN, ion Ca, and tCo2 correlated to plasma by the DxC600 and to blood by the GEM5K were r ≥ 0.98 for all analytes except for ion Ca on the iST (r = 0.93). The mean and SD of biases were within clinically and analytically acceptable limits for all methods except for tCo2 on the ChmST, which measures bicarbonate with a bicarbonate-sensing electrode. Also, creatinine and BUN by the ChmST were less affected by icterus or hemolysis than were the DxC600 (icterus) and the iST (hemolysis).

Conclusions

The ChmST and iST results on blood demonstrated strong correlations with each other and with the DxC600 results on plasma. We conclude the ChmST provides reliable results for whole blood creatinine, urea, ion Ca, and tCo2.
The Association Between Mammography Screening Frequency and Breast Cancer Treatment and Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Ying , Gordon Aliza S , Eleff Michael , Barron John J , Chi Winnie C
Published: January 2023

Objective

Guidelines for optimal frequency of screening mammography vary by professional society. Sparse evidence exists on the association between screening frequency and breast cancer treatment options. The main objective was to examine differences in cancer treatment rendered for U.S. women with different numbers of screenings prior to breast cancer diagnosis. Cancer stage at diagnosis and health care cost were assessed in secondary analyses.

Methods

This IRB-exempt retrospective study used administrative claims data to identify women aged 44 or older with various numbers of mammographic screenings ≥11 months apart, during the four years prior to incident breast cancer diagnosis from January 2010 to December 2018. Outcomes were assessed over the six months following diagnosis. Generalized linear regression models were used to compare women with differing numbers of mammograms, adjusting for patient characteristics.

Results

Claims data review identified 25 492 women who met inclusion criteria. There was a stepwise improvement in each of these screening categories such that women with four screenings, compared to women with only one screening, experienced higher rates of lumpectomy (70% vs 55%) and radiation therapy (48% vs 36%), lower rates of mastectomy (27% vs 34%) and chemotherapy (28% vs 36%), less stage 3 or 4 cancer at diagnosis (15% vs 29%), and lower health care costs within six months postdiagnosis (P < 0.001). Results were similar in a subgroup limited to women aged 44 to 49 at diagnosis.

Conclusion

Potential benefits of more frequent screening include less aggressive treatment and lower health care costs among women who develop breast cancer.
Diagnostic Contrast-Enhanced Mammography Performed Immediately Prior to Same-Day Biopsy: An Analysis of Index Lesion Enhancement Compared to Histopathology and Follow-up in Patients With Suspicious Ultrasound Findings
Authors: Emory Tim , Hoven Noelle , Nelson Michael , Church An L , Rubin Nathan , Kuehn-Hajder Jessica
Published: January 2023

Objective

To measure the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) for the index lesion when it is performed the same day prior to biopsy in patients with suspicious findings at US.

Methods

This IRB-approved retrospective study compared radiologist original reports of the presence or absence of index lesion enhancement on CEM to biopsy results and follow-up. The most suspicious lesion or the larger of equally suspicious lesions recommended for biopsy by US after a diagnostic workup including mammography was considered the index lesion. CEM exams were performed the same day, immediately prior to the scheduled biopsy, as requested by the radiologist recommending the biopsy. Numeric variables were summarized with means and standard deviations, or medians and the minimum and maximum, where appropriate.

Results

Biopsy demonstrated cancer in 64.7% (200/309) of index lesions. Of these, 197/200 demonstrated enhancement for a sensitivity of 98.5% (95% CI: 95.7%–99.7%) (197/200) and the negative predictive value of CEM for non-enhancing index lesions was 95.1% (58/61; 95% CI: 86.1%–98.4%). The three false negative exams were two grade 1 ER+ HER2− invasive ductal cancers that were 6 mm and 7 mm in size, and a 3-mm grade 2 ductal carcinoma in situ in a complex cystic and solid mass. False positive exams made up 20.6% (51/248) of the positive exams.

Conclusion

Diagnostic CEM showed high sensitivity and specificity for cancer in lesions with suspicious US findings. CEM may reduce the need for some biopsies, and negative CEM may support a true negative biopsy result.
Multifocal demyelinating leukoencephalopathy and oligodendroglial lineage cell loss with immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) following CD19 CAR T-cell therapy for mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Nie Esther H , Ahmadian Saman S , Bharadwaj Sushma N , Acosta-Alvarez Lehi , Threlkeld Zachary D , Frank Matthew J , Miklos David B , Monje Michelle , Scott Brian J , Vogel Hannes
Published: January 2023

Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) is a prevalent condition seen after treatment with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) therapy and other cancer cell therapies. The underlying pathophysiology and neuropathology of the clinical syndrome are incompletely understood due to the limited availability of brain tissue evaluation from patient cases, and a lack of high-fidelity preclinical animal models for translational research. Here, we present the cellular and tissue neuropathologic analysis of a patient who experienced grade 4 ICANS after treatment with anti-CD19 CAR T therapy for mantle cell lymphoma. Our pathologic evaluation reveals a pattern of multifocal demyelinating leukoencephalopathy associated with a clinical course of severe ICANS. A focused analysis of glial subtypes further suggests region-specific oligodendrocyte lineage cell loss as a potential cellular and pathophysiologic correlate in severe ICANS. We propose a framework for the continuum of neuropathologic changes thus far reported across ICANS cases. Future elucidation of the mechanistic processes underlying ICANS will be critical in minimizing neurotoxicity following CAR T-cell and related immunotherapy treatments across oncologic and autoimmune diseases.
Effects of lymphopenia on survival in proton therapy with chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Nakamura Masatoshi , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Ohnishi Kayoko , Mori Yutarou , Baba Keiichiro , Nakazawa Kensuke , Shiozawa Toshihiro , Sekine Ikuo , Maruo Kazushi , Okumura Toshiyuki , Sakurai Hideyuki
Published: January 2023

Lymphocytes play an important role in the cancer immune system. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the associations of lymphopenia during proton beam therapy (PBT) and concurrent chemotherapy with clinical outcomes and to determine whether lung or bone is more influential on lymphopenia during PBT. Data from 41 patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received PBT of 74 GyE with concurrent chemotherapy between 2007 and 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. The correlation between dosimetry parameters obtained from dose–volume histograms of the bone and lung and lymphopenia during PBT were analyzed. Minimum absolute lymphocyte count (ALCmin) and maximum neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLRmax) were used as indicators of lymphopenia. Bone V5–20 and lung V5–50 were significantly correlated with the ALCmin and NLRmax during PBT. Multivariable analysis showed that the NLRmax, but not the ALCmin, was associated with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). The 3-year rates of OS, PFS and DMFS of patients with a low (≤ 6.3) versus high (> 6.3) NLRmax were 73.9% vs 44.4% (P = 0.042), 26.1% vs 5.6% (P = 0.022) and 39.1% vs 5.6% (P < 0.001), respectively. Lung V20 was significantly associated with DMFS on multivariable analyses (hazard ratio: 1.094, P = 0.008), whereas bone V5 had no impact on survival outcomes. We concluded that the NLRmax was a better prognostic indicator than the ALCmin, and the lung dose had more influence than the bone dose on the main survival outcomes in stage III NSCLC patients treated with PBT combined with concurrent chemotherapy.
Prospective cohort study of electrodiagnostic abnormality characterization in pronator quadratus associated with end-to-side nerve transfers for ulnar neuropathy at the elbow
Authors: Rathagirishnan Raahulan , Ritsma Benjamin , Trier Jessica , Daneshvar Parham , Hendry Michael
Published: January 2023

Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) is a common compressive neuropathy that affects the median nerve. Conservative management for mild-to-moderate UNE is an important first step, but generally, develops a plateau in benefit. A specific technique, referred to as a supercharged ‘end-to-side’ (SETS) nerve transfer can successfully restore pinch, fine motor dexterity and grip strength. A pre-surgical workup flow for UNE patients has been developed, which includes electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies completed to assess the recipient ulnar nerve and the donor median nerve to pronator quadratus (PQ). There is little evidence that the assessment of the PQ muscle is necessary in a non-traumatic setting. A prospective cohort study of patients who present with clinical and/or EDX evidence of ulnar compressive neuropathy, with clinical evidence of motor dysfunction, was assessed for health PQ donor in routine pre-operative workup. We aim to provide justification that SETS for UNE should not be delayed to acquire PQ EDX studies.
Wnt signaling regulates MFSD2A-dependent drug delivery through endothelial transcytosis in glioma
Authors: Xie Yuan , He Liqun , Zhang Yanyu , Huang Hua , Yang Fan , Chao Min , Cao Haiyan , Wang Jianhao , Li Yaling , Zhang Lingxue , Xin Lele , Xiao Bing , Shi Xinxin , Zhang Xue , Tang Jiefu , Uhrbom Lene , Dimberg Anna , Wang Liang , Zhang Lei
Published: January 2023

Background

Systemic delivery of anti-tumor therapeutic agents to brain tumors is thwarted by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), an organotypic specialization of brain endothelial cells (ECs). A failure of pharmacological compounds to cross BBB is one culprit for the dismal prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Identification of novel vascular targets to overcome the challenges posed by the BBB in tumors for GBM treatment is urgently needed.

Methods

Temozolomide (TMZ) delivery was investigated in CT2A and PDGFB-driven RCAS/tv-a orthotopic glioma models. Transcriptome analysis was performed on ECs from murine gliomas. Mfsd2a deficient, Cav1 deficient, and Mfsd2a EC-specific inducible mice were developed to study the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Results

We demonstrated that inhibiting Wnt signaling by LGK974 could increase TMZ delivery and sensitize glioma to chemotherapy in both murine glioma models. Transcriptome analysis of ECs from murine gliomas revealed that Wnt signaling inhibition enhanced vascular transcytosis as indicated by the upregulation of PLVAP and downregulation of MFSD2A. Mfsd2a deficiency in mice enhances TMZ delivery in tumors, whereas constitutive expression of Mfsd2a in ECs suppresses the enhanced TMZ delivery induced by Wnt pathway inhibition in murine glioma. In addition, Wnt signaling inhibition enhanced caveolin-1 (Cav1)-positive caveolae-mediated transcytosis in tumor ECs. Moreover, Wnt signaling inhibitor or Mfsd2a deficiency fails to enhance TMZ penetration in tumors from Cav1-deficient mice.

Conclusions

These results demonstrated that Wnt signaling regulates MFSD2A-dependent TMZ delivery through a caveolae-mediated EC transcytosis pathway. Our findings identify Wnt signaling as a promising therapeutic target to improve drug delivery for GBM treatment.
ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO EXTERNAL RADIATION AMONG WORKERS OF THREE COMMUNITY HOSPITALS IN SENEGAL
Authors: Niang Modou , Senghor Cheikh , Ndoye Fatou , Fall El Hadji Mamadou , Faye Ndeye Arame Boye
Published: January 2023

Occupational radiation doses of 602 medical workers from the departments of Radiology, Thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, Operating room, Nuclear medicine, Radiotherapy and cardiology were evaluated during 2017 to 2021 in three hospitals in Senegal. Each hospital was subdivided into various occupational groups. Whole-body doses Hp(10), local skin doses Hp(0.07) and annual collective dose Hp(10) were measured by OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) dosimetry. The occupational groups with the highest radiation exposures, ~0.185 mSv in 1 y, were in the field of nuclear medicine, radiology, cardiology, Thoracic and cardiovascular surgery and Operating room. All results of the measured annual effective dose were below the ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) dose limits of 20 mSv/y, averaged over any 5-y period.
UTERINE DOSE CONVERSION COEFFICIENTS FOR EXTERNAL PHOTONS FOR THE TAIWANESE PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Chang Hao-Ting , Liu Rui-Wen , Hsu Fang-Yuh , Hsu Ching-Han , Lin Yu-Ying
Published: January 2023

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) phantoms based on data of Caucasians have been widely used for fetal dosimetry. However, there are differences in body size during pregnancy among Taiwanese and Caucasians. In this study, the uterine dose conversion coefficients (DCCs) of Taiwanese pregnant women were evaluated to facilitate the use of it to estimate the possible uterine dose (usually regarded as fetal dose) of pregnant Taiwanese women during radiation practice or medical exposures. The uterine DCCs in this study were calculated based on the established Taiwanese pregnancy voxel phantoms, and were compared with the uterine DCCs of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The applicability of evaluating uterine DCCs with different phantoms was also discussed. Results showed that if the ORNL phantoms are used to evaluate the uterine dose of Taiwanese pregnant women, the uterine dose may be underestimated. This study provides the uterine DCCs assessed with the Taiwanese pregnancy phantoms for future dose assessment of Taiwanese.
RESEARCH PROGRESS OF DEEP LEARNING IN LOW-DOSE CT IMAGE DENOISING
Authors: Zhang Fan , Liu Jingyu , Liu Ying , Zhang Xinhong
Published: January 2023

Low-dose computed tomography (CT) will increase noise and artefacts while reducing the radiation dose, which will adversely affect the diagnosis of radiologists. Low-dose CT image denoising is a challenging task. There are essential differences between the traditional methods and the deep learning-based methods. This paper discusses the denoising approaches of low-dose CT image via deep learning. Deep learning-based methods have achieved relatively ideal denoising effects in both subjective visual quality and quantitative objective metrics. This paper focuses on three state-of-the-art deep learning-based image denoising methods, in addition, four traditional methods are used as the control group to compare the denoising effect. Comprehensive experiments show that the deep learning-based methods are superior to the traditional methods in low-dose CT images denoising.
Contribution of obstructive sleep apnea to disrupted sleep in a large clinical cohort of patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Younes Magdy , Gerardy Bethany , Giannouli Eleni , Raneri Jill , Ayas Najib T , Skomro Robert , John Kimoff R , Series Frederic , Hanly Patrick J , Beaudin Andrew
Published: January 2023

Study Objectives

The response of sleep depth to CPAP in patients with OSA is unpredictable. The odds-ratio-product (ORP) is a continuous index of sleep depth and wake propensity that distinguishes different sleep depths within sleep stages, and different levels of vigilance during stage wake. When expressed as fractions of time spent in different ORP deciles, nine distinctive patterns are found. Only three of these are associated with OSA. We sought to determine whether sleep depth improves on CPAP exclusively in patients with these three ORP patterns.

Methods

ORP was measured during the diagnostic and therapeutic components of 576 split-night polysomnographic (PSG) studies. ORP architecture in the diagnostic section was classified into one of the nine possible ORP patterns and the changes in sleep architecture were determined on CPAP for each of these patterns. ORP architecture was similarly determined in the first half of 760 full-night diagnostic PSG studies and the changes in the second half were measured to control for differences in sleep architecture between the early and late portions of sleep time in the absence of CPAP.

Results

Frequency of the three ORP patterns increased progressively with the apnea-hypopnea index. Sleep depth improved significantly on CPAP only in the three ORP patterns associated with OSA. Changes in CPAP in the other six patterns, or in full diagnostic PSG studies, were insignificant or paradoxical.

Conclusions

ORP architecture types can identify patients in whom OSA adversely affects sleep and whose sleep is expected to improve on CPAP therapy.
Approach to acute kidney injury following paediatric kidney transplant
Authors: Atlas-Lazar Abigail , Levy-Erez Daniella
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review

In a child with evidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) following renal transplantation, it is important to quickly and accurately diagnose the cause to enable timely initiation of therapeutic interventions. The following article will discuss the differential diagnosis of acute graft dysfunction in paediatric kidney transplant recipients. This review will systematically guide the clinician through the common and less common causes and provide updates on current treatments.

Recent findings

In patients with signs of graft dysfunction, rejection is an important cause to consider. Diagnosis of rejection relies on biopsy findings, an invasive and costly technique. Over the past 5 years, there has been a focus on noninvasive methods of diagnosing rejection, including serum and urinary biomarkers.

This review discusses the differential diagnosis of acute graft dysfunction following transplant, with a focus on acute rejection, urinary tract infections and common viral causes, prerenal and postrenal causes, nephrotoxic medications, specifically calcineurin inhibitor toxicity, thrombotic microangiopathy and recurrence of the underlying disease. Each condition is discussed in detail, with a focus on clinical clues to the cause, incidence in the paediatric population, workup and treatment.
A stochastic model of edge-localized modes in magnetically confined plasmas
Authors: Kim Eun-jin , Hollerbach Rainer
Published: January 2023

Magnetically confined plasmas are far from equilibrium and pose considerable challenges in statistical analysis. We discuss a non-perturbative statistical method, namely a time-dependent probability density function (PDF) approach that is potentially useful for analysing time-varying, large, or non-Gaussian fluctuations and bursty events associated with instabilities in the low-to-high confinement transition and the H-mode. Specifically, we present a stochastic Langevin model of edge-localized modes (ELMs) by including stochastic noise terms in a previous ODE ELM model. We calculate exact time-dependent PDFs by numerically solving the Fokker–Planck equation and characterize time-varying statistical properties of ELMs for different energy fluxes and noise amplitudes. The stochastic noise is shown to introduce phase-mixing and plays a significant role in mitigating extreme bursts of large ELMs. Furthermore, based on time-dependent PDFs, we provide a path-dependent information geometric theory of the ELM dynamics and demonstrate its utility in capturing self-regulatory relaxation oscillations, bursts and a sudden change in the system.

This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘H-mode transition and pedestal studies in fusion plasmas’.
Comparing pedestal structure in JET-ILW H-mode plasmas with a model for stiff ETG turbulent heat transport
Authors: Field A. R. , Chapman-Oplopoiou B. , Connor J. W. , Frassinetti L. , Hatch D. R. , Roach C. M. , Saarelma S. ,   JET contributors
Published: January 2023

A predictive model for the electron temperature profile of the H-mode pedestal is described, and its results are compared with the pedestal structure of JET-ILW plasmas. The model is based on a scaling for the gyro-Bohm normalized, turbulent electron heat flux

q
e

/

q

e
,

gB

resulting from electron temperature gradient (ETG) turbulence, derived from results of nonlinear gyrokinetic (GK) calculations for the steep gradient region. By using the local temperature gradient scale length

L

T
e

in the normalization, the dependence of

q
e

/

q

e
,

gB

on the normalized gradients

R

/

L

T
e

and

R

/

L

n
e

can be represented by a unified scaling with the parameter

η
e

=

L

n
e

/

L

T
e

, to which the linear stability of ETG turbulence is sensitive when the density gradient is sufficiently steep. For a prescribed density profile, the value of

R

/

L

T
e

determined from this scaling, required to maintain a constant electron heat flux

q
e

across the pedestal, is used to calculate the temperature profile. Reasonable agreement with measurements is found for different cases, the model providing an explanation of the relative widths and shifts of the

T
e

and

n
e

profiles, as well as highlighting the importance of the separatrix boundary conditions. Other cases showing disagreement indicate conditions where other branches of turbulence might dominate.

This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘H-mode transition and pedestal studies in fusion plasmas’.
H-mode transition and pedestal studies
Authors: Andrew Yasmin , Kim Eun-jin
Published: January 2023

The high confinement mode (H-mode) is the widely adopted standard operation scenario for the path to fusion in toroidal confinement devices. Since its discovery in 1982, the H-mode and access to the H-mode (the low to high and high to low transitions) remain two of the most actively researched areas in magnetically confined fusion programmes across the world. Significant progress has been made in the understanding of the intricate H-mode phase dynamics in recent years, from improvement in experimental diagnostic capability, theoretical development and modelling. The ‘H-mode transition and pedestal studies’ Special Issue provides a timely overview of recent progress in the study of H-modes covering experimental studies, further theoretical inquiry and computational modelling.

This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘H-mode transition and pedestal studies in fusion plasmas’.
Red matte and glossy blue: how color and reflectance drive consumer indulgence
Authors: Khalil Shadab , Chatterjee Pubali , Cheng Julian Ming-Sung
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the effect of color temperature on consumption. Color is one of the most powerful elements of sensory marketing. However, how warm and cool colors drive consumer indulgence and interact with other visual cues is minimally understood.

Design/methodology/approach

This research conducts six experiments to investigate the effect of eight warm and cool colors and the effect of warm/cool color’s interaction with reflectance on indulgent consumption/use in various retail environments.

Findings

Studies 1a and 1b support the contrasting effects of warm vs cool colors on consumers’ indulgent consumption. Studies 2a and 2b establish the serial mediating role of arousal and self-reward focus in the color-indulgence relationship. Study 3a demonstrates the interactive effect of warm (vs cool) colors and glossy (vs matte) reflectance on consumer indulgence, and Study 3b confirms how glossy (vs matte) reflectance moderates the serial mediating effect of arousal and self-reward focus in the color-indulgence relationship.

Research limitations/implications

This research contributes to the growing stream of research on the visual aspect of sensory marketing, especially color, and advances the theoretical knowledge of how color could be used effectively to influence consumer indulgence.

Practical implications

This research provides actionable managerial implications on the effective use of warm and cool colors and glossy and matte reflectance to influence consumer indulgence.

Originality/value

This research advances the theoretical and empirical knowledge of color’s interaction with other visual sensory cues and the underlying psychological processes shaping consumer indulgence.
Advances in event management using new technologies and mobile applications
Authors: García Revilla Raquel , Martinez Moure Olga , Einsle Carmen Sarah
Published: January 2023

Purpose

In this work, the authors present a review of mobile applications for event management available for smartphones with the iOS operating system. The objective of the work is to carry out an analysis of these applications, offering an educational point of view and filling a gap in the doctrine, as the authors are dealing with an academically still new subject.

Design/methodology/approach

First, the authors conducted a literature review regarding the impact of technology on event organizations. Second, the authors analysed mobile applications for event management, the results of which are presented in this paper. Particularly, its main characteristics, strengths and weaknesses are analysed. Finally, the authors present the design of an activity with one of the beforehand analysed applications, in order to see its contribution to event management education.

Findings

It has been possible to improve learning and acquire specific skills related to the subject of study. Specified event management applications offer a wide range of advantages to facilitate the planning and management of events.

Practical implications

The study provides practical implications for managers in the hospitality industry.

Originality/value

This study provides a deeper insight into the functionalities and usefulness of event management mobile applications.
Participation of pre-hospital emergency physicians at ambulance missions in Germany's federal states
Authors: Hofmann Thomas , Möckel Luis
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This study aims to determine the differences in the involvement of pre-hospital emergency physicians (PHEPs) within the ambulance service over time and between the federal states and identify possible reasons for the differences.

Design/methodology/approach

The federal state-specific PHEP rates from 2012 to 2017 were analysed using publicly available data or data provided by the responsible state ministries. In addition, various correlations between PHEP rates and sociodemographic and health data were calculated.

Findings

The PHEP rates differ significantly between the 16 federal states. In 2017, Schleswig–Holstein had a PHEP participation rate of 19.00%, while in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania the rate was 41.08%. In all surveyed states, the rate fell over time. Only in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, the rate increased from 37.68% in 2012 to 41.08% in 2017 (OR: 1.15 [95% CI: 1.14; 1.17]). Federal state-specific PHEP rates indicated strong deviations from the overall PHEP rate of all included federal states with ORs ranging from 0.61 (95% CI: 0,61; 0,62) for Schleswig–Holstein to 1.82 (95% CI: 1.81; 1.84) for Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Socioeconomic factors indicated (inverse) correlations with the federal state-specific PHEP rate.

Originality/value

The PHEP rates differ significantly between the federal states. The correlations indicate possible connections but do not show clear causes within state-specific characteristics. Consequently, the occupational autonomy of paramedics differs between the states.
Emotional intelligence and leadership: insights for leading by feeling in the future of work
Authors: Saha Surajit , Das Roshni , Lim Weng Marc , Kumar Satish , Malik Ashish , Chillakuri Bharat
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Emotional intelligence (EI) is a critical component of leadership that reflects the ability of leaders to understand how their emotions and actions affect the people around them in the organization. This paper aims to deliver state-of-the-art insights on EI and leadership.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper leverages on bibliometric analysis to unpack 25 years of EI and leadership research.

Findings

This paper reveals the bibliometric profile (e.g. trends in publication activity and top articles, authors, countries and journals) and intellectual structure (e.g. themes and topics) of EI and leadership research, shedding light on EI manifestation in leadership, EI and leadership congruence, EI role in leadership and EI and leadership for human resource management.

Research limitations/implications

This paper offers several noteworthy implications. First, EI is a leadership competency that can be cultivated and leveraged to improve leadership effectiveness. Second, the need for EI and leadership congruence indicates that leadership effectiveness is vital to human resource management (HRM). Taken collectively, these theoretical implications, and by extension, practical implications, suggest that increased investment in EI and leadership effectiveness is critical for organizations and their HRM.

Originality/value

This paper sheds light on current trends and ways forward for leading by feeling, showcasing the role and manifestation of EI in leadership, its value for HRM and the importance of its congruence for effective leadership in shaping the future of work.
Are Christian Arabs' business models different from those of Muslim Arabs?
Authors: Berger Ron , Barnes Bradley R. , Lee Liane W.Y. , Rachamim Matti
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The study aims to test a measurement scale to examine social business networks (Wasta) surrounding Arab Christians and Arab Muslims.

Design/methodology/approach

A 31-item scale was used to capture Wasta, consisting of the following: Mojamala (emotional), Hamola (conative) and Somah (cognitive) tri-components. A total of 149 Christian Arab and 304 Muslim Arab respondents were sampled and multi-group structural equation modeling was used to confirm the concept and test several hypotheses.

Findings

The findings from the study reveal that in order for success to occur within the Arab context, a sequential process of first developing Mojamala is necessary, before Hamola can prevail. Christian Arabs are motivated to integrate with society and form relationships via generalized trust. Muslim Arabs meanwhile tend to retain their distinct culture, using social networks to forge particularized trust. Shariah principles may also play a significant role in explaining why satisfaction was not found to be a necessary condition for Arab Muslims in driving relationship performance.

Research limitations/implications

The study suggests that the 370 million Arab population may not be totally cohesive and should be refrained from being grouped together. In-group identification is a major contributor in explaining why business models are different between Arab Muslims and Arab Christians. The findings further support that Muslim Arab business models are based on tribalism or sheikocracy, whilst Christian Arab business models are based on legalistic frameworks and integration.

Practical implications

The study supports prior research associated with Muslim Arab business models based on tribalism or sheikocracy (Ali, 1995). The findings suggest that Arab Muslim business models focus on particularized trust as opposed to generalized trust that is common in Arab Christian business models and in most western countries. The study demonstrates that Mojamala (the emotional construct), Hamola (empathy) and Somah (particularized trust) are useful constructs for building Wasta and they serve a core element for Arab Muslim business models. Mojamala and Somah both directly affect satisfaction. Somah and satisfaction have a direct influence on performance.

Originality/value

The findings provide evidence to support institutional theory. Also from a stakeholder theory perspective, viewing companies, not only through an economic lens, but also building social institutions, can lead to a better understanding of business models drawing on diverse cultures and faiths. The study may therefore serve as a useful reference for academics and practitioners as they grapple to enhance satisfaction and leverage performance advantages within this context.
The impact of dialectical thinking on androgynous brand equity across cultures: the moderating role of brand positioning
Authors: Bravo Velázquez Alberto , Hang Haiming , Ren Shengnan
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The authors’ research examines the impact of cross-cultural difference in dialectical thinking on consumers' responses to androgynous brands and its implication for brand equity. Their research also aims to see how consumers take both feminine and masculine attributes into consideration to form their judgments of androgynous brand equity and whether this process is moderated by brand positioning.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors did two experiments with 400 Chinese consumers (high in dialectical thinking) and 528 British consumers (low in dialectical thinking) to test our framework.

Findings

The authors’ experimental results suggest an androgynous brand has higher brand equity in China than in the UK. Furthermore, Chinese consumers rate higher feminine/masculine attributes of masculine/feminine brands. In addition, an androgynous brand's equity is mainly driven by its less dominant attributes. Finally, their results suggest that brand positioning moderates the mediating role of less dominant attributes, more evident when brand positioning matches (vs mismatches) an androgynous brand's more dominant attributes.

Originality/value

By focusing on cross-cultural differences in dialectical thinking, the authors’ research offers a novel approach to reconcile existing inconclusive results on androgynous brand equity. Second, to their best knowledge, their research is the first to examine how feminine and masculine attributes jointly decide androgynous brand equity. Finally, by focusing on brand positioning, their research highlights the importance of an androgynous brand's less dominant attributes in driving its brand equity and provides a tool international marketing managers can use to strengthen such influence.
A sustainable model based on genetic algorithm for garment redesign process
Authors: Paras Manoj Kumar , Wang Lichuan , Pal Rudrajeet , Ekwall Daniel
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This study proposes a garment modularization model based on an interactive genetic algorithm. The suggested model consists of extraction and identification of parts and the determination and implementation of connections. Rules and corresponding mathematical equations have been formulated for the part's extractions from the discarded products and connections for the redesigned products.

Design/methodology/approach

Sustainability entices scholars and practitioners while referring to reducing waste to control environmental degradation. One of the ways to safeguard natural resources is to increase the reuse of old or discarded products. The current study focuses on the redesign process to improve the reuse of products.

Findings

The intelligent system proposed based on the modularization techniques is expected to simplify and quantify the redesign process. The model can further help in the minimization of wastage and environmental degradation.

Originality/value

Presently, manual decisions are taken by the designers based on their memory, experience and intuition to extract and join the parts.
Exploring motivation and satisfaction in part-time PhD students
Authors: Turner Heather
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore the motivation and satisfaction of part-time PhD students in the USA through the lens of self-determination theory (SDT).

Design/methodology/approach

Following an explanatory sequential mixed methods design, data sources consisted of a survey (N = 100) and focus groups (N = 20) of part-time PhD students.

Findings

Findings suggest that part-time PhD students achieve greater satisfaction when they are autonomously motivated. Part-time PhD student satisfaction may be increased through shifting motivation from an external to an internal locus of control, such as when doctoral work is framed within the context of solving practice-based problems. Facilitating this change requires those involved in the practice of research doctoral education to work toward satisfying students’ innate needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness with others, yet many part-time PhD students describe experiences within their doctoral education that do not meet these needs. Implications for research and practice are presented.

Originality/value

This paper tests the applicability of SDT, a widely used theory in doctoral studies, to part-time PhD students, an understudied student population in the USA.
Developing a knowledge-based perspective of coordination in global software development
Authors: Mishra Debasisha
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This study aims to develop a model for coordination and communication overhead in distributed software development through case study analysis in the Indian outsourcing software industry. The model is based on business knowledge, which can be classified as domain, regulatory, strategic, business process and operation process knowledge as per existing literature.

Design/methodology/approach

Double case study method was used to verify an existing knowledge–management framework of software development from the literature. The stakeholders of both the cases were interviewed, and project documents were verified to reach conclusions.

Findings

The findings supported the business knowledge classification from the literature. The concept can be used to analyze the software project in a distributed environment.

Research limitations/implications

The research work findings are based only on two case studies. The study findings cannot be generalized and should be used as a learning tool. There can be large variations of project characteristics with differences in business knowledge requirements. The research shows the importance of business knowledge transfer in global software development.

Practical implications

Projects managers in the distributed software development environment can use the findings in project planning and work allocation for better control over cost and schedule, etc.

Originality/value

There is little research works attempted to study the business knowledge classification in the global software industry making the research novel.
Predator escape behaviour in threatened marsupials
Authors: Tay N. E. , Warburton N. M. , Moseby K. E. , Fleming P. A.
Published: January 2023

Escaping from predators is fundamental for the survival of any prey species. Australian fauna within the ‘critical weight range’ (CWR; 35 g–5.5 kg) are vulnerable to introduced eutherian predators. The absence of co‐evolution between native marsupials and these novel predators may suggest that their antipredator behaviour towards the hunting strategies of these predators is inappropriate or ineffective. We quantified the escape behaviour of eight CWR marsupial taxa (three quadrupedal bandicoots and five bipedal macropods) to determine if differences in how they escape from predators indicate their ability to respond appropriately and effectively to introduced predators. Animals were filmed escaping through a runway and 20 measures relating to their gait, speed and path characteristics were recorded. These were reduced to four dimensions using multidimensional scaling (MDS): MDS1 linear speed versus agility, MDS2 acceleration style, MDS3 reactivity and MDS4 gait characteristics. We found a strong link between the phylogenetic relatedness of species and their use of linear speed or agility when fleeing (phylogenetic heritability, h2 = 0.96). Bipedal macropod species used straight‐line, fast escapes, which may be suited to escape pursuit predators. The quadrupedal bandicoots had an overall slower escape but were more likely to use sudden changes of direction, which can be successful if pursued by a larger, less mobile predator or where there is sufficient vegetation cover to obstruct pursuit. Repeated exposure increased linear speed (MDS1) and hastened the timing of acceleration (MDS2). The phylogenetic signal for escape speed/straightness suggests specific escape tactics may be constrained by morphology, although animals increased the intensity of their response after repeated exposure, suggesting training could enhance effective antipredator responses.
Short‐term effects of the control of the invasive plant Asclepias syriaca: Secondary invasion of other neophytes instead of recovery of the native species
Authors: Berki Boglárka , Botta‐Dukát Zoltán , Csákvári Edina , Gyalus Adrienn , Halassy Melinda , Mártonffy András , Rédei Tamás , Csecserits Anikó
Published: January 2023

Question

This study aimed to assess the impact of the invasion of Asclepias syriaca, a perennial non‐native herbaceous species, on basic soil attributes and vegetation composition, and to study the effect of mechanical control, namely the cutting of Asclepias, on target and other plant species.

Location

Sandy region of Kiskunság National Park, Hungary, Central Europe.

Methods

In ten old‐fields, four 4 m × 4 m plots were established (n = 40), of which three were invaded by Asclepias, and one was uninvaded. The invaded plots were treated as: (1) all Asclepias shoots removed, (2) half of the Asclepias shoots removed, or (3) untreated. The treatment was conducted twice a year in summer during the period 2019–2021. Before the first treatment, soil and vegetation were sampled. Afterwards, vegetation monitoring was performed twice a year: the cover of each vascular plant species and the number of Asclepias shoots were recorded in each plot.

Result

There were no differences in the studied soil attributes between the uninvaded and invaded plots. However, there were differences in vegetation composition, namely, the cover of sand grassland specialists was higher in uninvaded plots. Short‐term cutting negatively affected Asclepias after two years. The cover of specialists did not change in response to treatments, but the cover of other neophyte plant species increased.

Conclusions

Based on our results, the invasion of Asclepias changes the vegetation composition, but not the soil. Although short‐term mowing can reduce the cover of Asclepias, but the grassland specialist plants do not regenerate; instead, secondary invasion occurs. We conclude that more time or additional treatment is required for native plant recovery.
Self as both target and judge: Who has an easier time knowing their own personality?
Authors: Long Elizabeth U. , Carlson Erika N. , Human Lauren J.
Published: January 2023

Objective

The past two decades have established that people generally have insight into their personalities, but less is known about how and why self‐knowledge might vary between individuals. Using the Realistic Accuracy Model as a framework, we investigate whether some people make better “targets” of self‐perception by behaving more consistently in everyday life, and whether these differences have benefits for psychological adjustment.

Method

Using data from the Electronically Activated Recorder (n = 286), we indexed self‐knowledge as the link between self‐reports of personality and actual daily behavior measured over 1 week. We then tested if consistency in daily behavior as well as psychological adjustment predicted stronger self‐knowledge.

Results

We found that behaving more consistently in everyday life was associated with more accurate self‐reports, but that psychological adjustment was not.

Conclusions

Analogous to interpersonal perception, self‐knowledge of personality might be affected by “target‐side” factors, like the quality of information provided through one's behavior. However, unlike being a good target of interpersonal perception, self‐knowledge does not seem to be related to psychological adjustment.
Belatedness and innovation: Korean modernism
Authors: Walsh Kelly S.
Published: January 2023

If Japanese modernists, as Eric Hayot argues, conceived modernism and modernity as originating in the West, colonial Korean artists inevitably apprehended modernism from a double remove, through the mediation of Japanese literature and language. While they self‐consciously sought to develop a distinctive Korean modernist poetics (one not prefigured by Japanese modernism), the sense of belatedness remained inescapable among Korean modernist practitioners. With the ‘expansionism’ of the new modernist studies, as is well known, there has been substantial critical work to challenge and reject the belatedness and derivativeness attributed to ‘peripheral’ modernities and modernisms. However, to properly appreciate the singularity of Korean modernism, and its expressive efforts to place its colonial modernity in a global context, it is necessary to confront how these modernists understood, figured, and rearticulated their sense of belatedness. Taking a cue from Michaela Bronstein, I attend to the uses Korean modernists made of Western (and Japanese) modernisms and how these engagements enact the aesthetic and critical force of belatedness. Ultimately, I contend, Korean modernism's self‐reflexive, intertextual stagings of belatedness generate stylistic innovation, enabling writers to situate themselves within global modernism and disclose the fraudulence of colonial modernization and its imposition of second‐hand forms.