bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lanczos method for spatio‐temporal graph convolutional networks to forecast expressway flow
Authors: Gou Zhumei , Shen Yonggang , Chen Shuifu
Published: June 2023

Traffic forecasting has made pronounced progress with the development of graph convolution networks and the use of the topology of road networks. However, existing works face some limitations when it comes to modelling spatial dependencies. For example, pre‐defined graphs rely on global information to establish spatial relationships, and the spatial receptive field is limited by the polynomial convolutional method. To address these limitations, the authors propose the Lanczos method for Spatio‐Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks (LSTGCN); this approach uses the low‐rank approximation theory to drive pre‐defined graphs to collect important information and eliminate spatial redundancy. Additionally, a learnable dynamic graph feature (LDGF) module generates adaptive graphs and perceives the latent invariance‐variability between graph nodes. To further improve the model's ability to capture spatial dependencies and temporal correlations, multi‐span spatial learning is employed for enlarged receptive fields, which can be well integrated into gated recurrent units. The authors conducted baselines comparison and ablation experiments on real‐world datasets, and the findings show that the LSTGCN model outperforms the baselines and improves prediction accuracy. Notably, this work is the first attempt to use graph low‐rank theory for traffic prediction.
Optimization of solvent evaporation method in liposomal nanocarriers loaded‐garlic essential oil (Allium sativum): Based on the encapsulation efficiency, antioxidant capacity, and instability
Authors: Ahmed Salar Ali , Saleem Mahmood Fadhil , Hassanzadeh Hamed
Published: June 2023

This study is aimed to optimise the preparation factors, such as sonication time (5–20 min), cholesterol to lecetin ratio (CHLR) (0.2–0.8), and essential oil content (0.1–0.3 g/100 g) in solvent evaporation method for formulation of liposomal nanocarriers containing garlic essential oil (GEO) in order to find the highest encapsulation efficiency and stability with strongest antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The droplet size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, turbidity, changes in turbidity after storage (as a measure of instability), antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activity were measured for all prepared samples of nanoliposome. The sonication time is recognised as the most effective factor on the droplet size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, turbidity, and instability while CHLR was the most effective factor on zeta potential and instability. The content of GEO significantly affected the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in particular against gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The results of FTIR based on the identification of functional groups confirmed the presence of GEO in the spectra of the prepared nanoliposome and also it was not observed the interaction between the components of the nanoliposome. The overall optimum conditions were determined by response surface methodology (RSM) as the predicted values of the studied factors (sonication time: 18.99 min, CHLR: 0.59 and content of GEO: 0.3 g/100 g) based on obtaining the highest stability and efficiency as well as strongest antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
Topas‐based octa‐circular cladding and rectangular porous core photonic crystal fibre for terahertz waveguide
Authors: Mustafa Zareen , Islam Mohammad Rakibul , Islam Md. Aminul , Hamid Nafiz Imtiaz Bin
Published: June 2023

This article presents a novel design for guiding terahertz (THz) waves, which utilises a photonic crystal fibre with a porous core (PC‐PCF). This approach is substantiated by a Topas‐based octagonal‐shaped core with rectangular air slots. By utilising Finite Element Method and Perfectly Matched Layer boundary condition, the guiding properties of a structure consisting of octagonal air holes integrated with circular air slots in the cladding region have been investigated. The proposed structure exhibits a birefringence value of 0.05 and a low effective material loss of 0.013 cm−1. Moreover, it exhibits flattened dispersion measuring at a wide‐ranging frequency of 0.4 to 1.6 THz. In addition to that, the proposed structure offers 60% high core power fraction, 10−18 cm−1 confinement loss at 65% porosity of 290 μm core diameter and 1.6 THz frequency. Other significant waveguide properties: effective refractive index, effective area, spot size, and beam divergence of the proposed fibre are numerically analysed and discussed rigorously along with the fabrication viability of the fibre with existing techniques.
[C I] and [C II] emission in the circumstellar envelope of IRC +10216
Authors: Jeste M. , Wiesemeyer H. , Menten K. M. , Wyrowski F.
Published: June 2023

Context. The envelopes of evolved late-type stars on the asymptotic giant branch are characterised by a complex chemistry that is close to thermochemical equilibrium near the stellar surface; however, in the outer envelope, it is dominated by radical reactions, assisted by a photo-chemistry driven by the interstellar radiation field.

Aims. The study at hand aims to describe the distribution of atomic carbon, C0, throughout the envelope, in support of an improved understanding of its photo-chemistry. Additionally, we also briefly discuss the observation of [C II] emission towards the star.

Methods. We obtain spectra of the [C I]3P1 → 3P0 fine structure line (at 492.160700 GHz) at projected distances of up to 78″ from the star. The line profiles are characterised by both direct fitting of Gaussian components, and by modelling the observed line of the [C I] triplet. We also report the detection of the 2P3/2 → 2P1/2 line (at 1900.5369 GHz) from the C+ fine structure singlet at the central position and its non-detection at 32″ from the star.

Results. The overall picture of the [C I] emission from IRC +10216 agrees with more limited previous studies. The satisfying agreement between the observed and modelled line profiles, with emission at the systemic velocity appearing beyond one beam (13″ HPBW) from the star, rules out that the C0 is located in a thin shell. Given that the bond energy of CO falls only 0.1 eV below the ionisation threshold of C0, the absence of observable [C II] emission from sightlines beyond a projected distance of ~1017 cm (≳20″–30″) from the star (adopting a distance of 130 pc) does not contradict a scenario where the majority of C0 is located between that of CO and C+, as expected for an external far-ultraviolet radiation field. This conjecture is also corroborated by a model in which the C0 shell is located farther outside, failing to reproduce the [C I] line profiles at intermediate sky-plane distances from the star. Comparing a photochemical model adopted from literature with the simplifying assumption of a constant C0 abundance with respect to the H2 density (with the 1/r2 fall-off of a mass-conserving expansion flow), we constrain the inner boundary of the [C I] emitting shell, located at ~1016 cm from the star.
Accelerated particle beams in a 3D simulation of the quiet Sun
Authors: Bakke H. , Frogner L. , Rouppe van der Voort L. , Gudiksen B. V. , Carlsson M.
Published: June 2023

Context. Nanoflare heating through small-scale magnetic reconnection events is one of the prime candidates to explain heating of the solar corona. However, direct signatures of nanoflares are difficult to determine, and unambiguous observational evidence is still lacking. Numerical models that include accelerated electrons and can reproduce flaring conditions are essential in understanding how low-energetic events act as a heating mechanism of the corona, and how such events are able to produce signatures in the spectral lines that can be detected through observations.

Aims. We investigate the effects of accelerated electrons in synthetic spectra from a 3D radiative magnetohydrodynamics simulation to better understand small-scale heating events and their impact on the solar atmosphere.

Methods. We synthesised the chromospheric Ca II and Mg II lines and the transition region Si IV resonance lines from a quiet Sun numerical simulation that includes accelerated electrons. We calculated the contribution function to the intensity to better understand how the lines are formed, and what factors are contributing to the detailed shape of the spectral profiles.

Results. The synthetic spectra are highly affected by variations in temperature and vertical velocity. Beam heating exceeds conductive heating at the heights where the spectral lines form, indicating that the electrons should contribute to the heating of the lower atmosphere and hence affect the line profiles. However, we find that it is difficult to determine specific signatures from the non-thermal electrons due to the complexity of the atmospheric response to the heating in combination with the relatively low energy output (∼1021 erg s−1). Even so, our results contribute to understanding small-scale heating events in the solar atmosphere, and give further guidance to future observations.
A method of face texture fusion based on visibility weight
Authors: LIU Yang , FAN Yangyu , MA Haoyue , LYU Guoyun , LIU Shiya
Published: June 2023

In the reconstruction process from 2D images to 3D face models, texture completion still suffers from pixel blurring and color inconsistency when face images are under different perspectives. In this paper, we propose a method based on visibility weights for face texture fusion. Meanwhile, for the complex geometric structure of the ear region where the traditional texture mapping algorithm is inapplicable, a skin color probability method with Gaussian model is used for pixel completion, and jointly optimized with the texture fusion band. Finally, we generate a complete and high-fidelity face texture model. The simulation experiment shows that the novel face texture fusion and completion method generates the perfect texture under multiple viewpoints. Our face texture model outperforms state-of-the-art techniques under the same rendering conditions.
Study on learning algorithm of transfer reinforcement for multi-agent formation control
Authors: HU Penglin , PAN Quan , GUO Yaning , ZHAO Chunhui
Published: June 2023

Considering the obstacle avoidance and collision avoidance for multi-agent cooperative formation in multi-obstacle environment, a formation control algorithm based on transfer learning and reinforcement learning is proposed. Firstly, in the source task learning stage, the large storage space required by Q-table solution is avoided by using the value function approximation method, which effectively reduces the storage space requirement and improves the solving speed of the algorithm. Secondly, in the learning phase of the target task, Gaussian clustering algorithm was used to classify the source tasks. According to the distance between the clustering center and the target task, the optimal source task class was selected for target task learning, which effectively avoided the negative transfer phenomenon, and improved the generalization ability and convergence speed of reinforcement learning algorithm. Finally, the simulation results show that this method can effectively form and maintain formation configuration of multi-agent system in complex environment with obstacles, and realize obstacle avoidance and collision avoidance at the same time.
A hierarchical aggregation model for combat intention recognition
Authors: LI Ying , WU Junsheng , LI Weigang , DONG Wei , FANG Aiqing
Published: June 2023

Combat intent recognition refers to analyzing the enemy target's state information to interpret and judge the purpose of the enemy. With the increased knowledge of combat platforms, these time-series enemy state presents multi-dimensional and massive characteristics. Using neural networks to learn enemy state information has become a research trend in the face of such traits. To address these challenges, we propose a hierarchical aggregation model to recognize the intention of the target. The bottom layer of our model is based on convolutional neural network(CNN) to perceive behavior features, and the middle layer is based on Bi-LSTM(Bi-directional long short-term memory) to aggregate the long-time interdependence information between sub-intentions. The top layer focuses on higher-level features that contribute more to the recognition of intent through the attention mechanism and finally combines the global information to recognize the intention. Extensive experimental results show the superiority of our model in that the recognition accuracy achieves 88.83%, which can solve the problem of identifying air target intent on the modern battlefield.
Interdisciplinarité et recherche participative : deux régimes de recherche pour la transition écologique et solidaire. Une mise en perspective programmatique
Authors: Barré Rémi , Jollivet Marcel
Published: June 2023

Les auteurs partent du constat qu’en réponse aux spécificités de la recherche sur les problèmes ayant trait à l’environnement, au développement durable et à la transition écologique et sociale – nécessité de les aborder en tenant compte de leur complexité et de leur finalité en termes d’action –, deux innovations successives sont apparues : l’interdisciplinarité et la recherche participative. Ils s’appuient sur la notion de « régime de recherche » pour s’interroger sur ce qu’il est advenu de la première, qui a connu son apogée dans les années 1980 et en tirer des enseignements pour la seconde, qui ne cesse de monter en puissance depuis les années 2000. Ils considèrent que l’interdisciplinarité n’a pas réussi à acquérir le statut de régime de recherche patenté, faute d’une réflexion sur ses fondements pratiques et épistémiques. Ils en concluent qu’en dépit de la faveur croissante dont elle jouit, la recherche participative court le même risque si elle n’est pas l’objet de cette même réflexion. Ils esquissent les pistes de la politique de la recherche indispensable pour éviter cet écueil. Un écueil qui priverait la recherche d’une démarche tout particulièrement susceptible de répondre aux inquiétudes et exigences de la transition écologique et sociale.
Dynamiques entre attitudes personnelles et normes sociales perçues dans les comportements de changement. Le cas de la conversion à l’agriculture biologique
Authors: Khamzina Kamilla , Streith Michel , Guimond Serge , Dernat Sylvain
Published: June 2023

Le présent travail de recherche a recours à la psychologie sociale et à la socioanthropologie pour analyser les dynamiques entre les attitudes personnelles de producteurs agricoles et leurs perceptions des normes environnantes lors d’un processus de conversion à l’agriculture biologique. Les entretiens semi-directifs auprès d’éleveurs de la région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes démontrent un poids important de la relation dynamique entre ce que les individus pensent (leurs attitudes personnelles) et ce qu’ils perçoivent être la norme au sein de leur groupe social (norme perçue). Cette situation s’avère être différente en fonction de la pratique agricole des répondants (conventionnelle, en conversion ou biologique). Les résultats sont discutés du point de vue du rôle que joue l’influence minoritaire dans les transformations actuelles du monde agricole.
Paradiplozoon cirrhinin. sp. (Monogenea, Diplozoidae), a gill parasite ofCirrhinus molitorella(Cyprinidae, Labeoninae) in South China
Authors: Huang Jiayu , Zhou Xing , Yuan Kai , Ding Xuejuan
Published: June 2023

Paradiplozoon cirrhinin. sp. (Monogenea, Diplozoidae) is described from the gills of mud carp,Cirrhinus molitorella(Valenciennes, 1844) (Cyprinidae, Labeoninae), collected in Wuzhou, Guangxi Province, and Conghua, Guangdong Province as part of an ongoing survey of the diplozoid fauna in the Pearl River basin of China. The newParadiplozoonspecies is distinguished from congeners by the structure of median plate and its outgrowth sclerites. The ITS2 sequences of the new species differ from all known available diplozoid sequences by 22.04%–38.34%. The new species is the first diplozoid species parasitic on Labeoninae in China. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using rRNA ITS2 placedParadiplozoon cirrhinin. sp. in a sister position to the other ChineseParadiplozoon, implying that Labeoninae represents an early and potentially ancestral host group for ChinaParadiplozoon. We also provided ITS2 sequences for four other diplozoids species, namelyP. megalobramaeKhotenovsky, 1982,P. saurogobionis(Jiang,et al., 1985) Jiang, Wu & Wang, 1989,Sindiplozoon hunanensisYao & Wang, 1997, andSindiplozoonsp., and validated their phylogenetic position. The results confirm that all diplozoid species are spilt into two major clades and show monophyly ofSindiplozoonbut paraphyly ofParadiplozoon.
Combined Pre- and Postnatal Minimally Invasive Approach to a Complex Symptomatic Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation
Authors: Macchini Francesco , Mazzoleni Stefano , Cavallaro Giacomo , Persico Nicola , Borzani Irene , Leva Ernesto
Published: June 2023

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) is a rare congenital lung lesion that usually remains asymptomatic during the fetal and neonatal period. However, it can occasionally cause prenatal cardiocirculatory failure and fetal hydrops, requiring a thoraco-amniotic shunt (TAS) placement. In other cases, it can also cause symptoms at birth (such as respiratory distress) and may require urgent surgical intervention. Thoracoscopic lobectomy for neonates is rarely reported. Here, we report a case of right macrocystic CPAM causing fetal hydrops at 27 weeks of gestation. The fetus was treated with a TAS placement that successfully resolved the hydrops. At 39 weeks of gestation, a male neonate was born (weight 2,850 g). The TAS spontaneously displaced during delivery, causing an open pneumothorax (PNX), initially treated with a drainage. His condition gradually worsened, requiring ventilatory support. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed different giant cysts in the context of the right lower lobe, left mediastinal shift, and compression of the rest of the lung. An urgent surgical management was required. A thoracoscopic right lower lobectomy was performed at 10 days of life (weight 2,840 g). The postoperative course was uneventful; the child remained totally asymptomatic and showed a good recovery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of open iatrogenic PNX following TAS positioning and the second of neonatal thoracoscopic lobectomy in a newborn weighting less than 3 kg. The purpose of this report is to indicate that minimally invasive surgery is feasible, safe, and effective for the resection of CPAM, even in small newborns.
Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Two Years Later: Should It Still Be on the Scientific Agenda?
Authors: Petito Eleonora , Gresele Paolo
Published: June 2023

Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) was recognized around 2 years ago, at the beginning of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) vaccination campaign, as a rare but life-threatening complication of adenoviral vector vaccines. Two years later, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been tamed, although not defeated, and the vaccines provoking VITT have been abandoned in most high-income countries, thus why should we still speak about VITT? Because a significant fraction of the world population has not been vaccinated yet, especially in low/middle-income countries that can only afford adenoviral vector-based vaccines, because the adenoviral vector platform is being used for the development of a large series of new vaccines for other transmissible diseases, and lastly because there are some clues suggesting that VITT may not be exclusive to anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Therefore, a deep understanding of this new syndrome is highly warranted as well as the awareness that we still miss some crucial insight into its pathophysiology and on some aspects of its management. This snapshot review aims to portray our knowledge on VITT, focusing on its clinical presentation, pathophysiological insight, diagnostic and management strategies, and to pinpoint the main unmet needs, highlighting the aspects on which research should focus in the near future.
Maternal Participation in Sensory Care of Preemies: A Pilot Study Examining the Effect on Neonatal Outcome in NICU
Authors: Lobo Renilda Shanthi , Mendonca Theresa Leonilda
Published: June 2023

Background Hospitalization with specialized medical care and equipment in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) can help preterm infants survive and thrive; negatively it can lead to separation from the mother with an impact on their growth and behavior. It is critical to assess the interventions that are more beneficial for their development at this particular period. The study's objective was to examine the effectiveness of maternal-directed multisensory stimulation in premature neonates admitted to NICU on neonatal outcomes.

Methods A pilot, quasi-experimental research was designed where 31mother-preterm newborn dyads were enrolled in the intervention and control group, respectively, using a purposive sampling technique. The study included medically stable preterm neonates admitted to NICU between 30 and 36 weeks of gestation weighing 1 to 2.5kg. The preterm in the study group was given ATVV (Auditory, Tactile, Vestibular, and Visual) stimulation for 10 days by the mother, whereas the preterm in the comparison group received the standard treatment. The neonatal outcomes evaluated were weight, physiological parameters, and behavioral assessment of preterm neonates.

Results Preterm newborns who received the intervention scored significantly better than the comparison group on the parameters of heart and respiratory rate, blood oxygen levels, weight, and preterm assessment behavior between the 7th and 10th day of the intervention that suggests the effectiveness of the intervention in improving these parameters of preterm newborns.

Conclusion Maternal guidance and participation in the care of a preterm newborn have a beneficial neonatal outcome in stabilizing the physiological parameters, and improving the weight and preterm infant behavioral characteristics.
Reproductive phenology of the kelp Ecklonia radiata at its Australian warm-range edge and the influence of environmental factors
Authors: Veenhof R. J. , Champion C. , Dworjanyn S. A. , Shalders T. C. , Coleman M. A.
Published: June 2023

Context Range-edge populations persist closer to their physiological thresholds, often limiting reproductive output. Kelps are foundation species on temperate reefs, but their reproductive phenology at range edges remains poorly understood. Aims We assess the reproductive phenology of Ecklonia radiata at its eastern Australian warm range edge in relation to local environmental conditions and make comparisons with populations throughout Australia. Methods E. radiata fertility was monitored over multiple years and environmental predictors of fertility were assessed using generalised additive models. Fertility responses were compared with data from centre and cold range-edge populations. Key results The proportion of fertile E. radiata plants increased as daylength declined and the length of fertile tissue was positively correlated with temperature. The magnitude of spore release was variable and responded to episodic swell and rainfall events. This is contrary to spore-release data from centre and cold range-edge populations, which demonstrated seasonal patterns correlated with temperature. Conclusion Spore release was lower at the warm range edge, yet year-round spore release demonstrated flexibility in response to local environmental conditions. Implications Flexible reproductive phenology of E. radiata at its warm range edge may be advantageous for sustaining populations at low latitudes under climate change.
Mechanical and thermal expansion behaviour of TiC-reinforced CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering
Authors: Nagarjuna Cheenepalli , Dewangan Sheetal Kumar , Lee Kwan , Ahn Byungmin
Published: June 2023

In this study, TiC-reinforced CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) composites were prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The phase composition, microstructure, mechanical and thermal expansion behaviour of composite HEAs were investigated. The results reveal that the addition of TiC has no effect on the crystal structure, however, the microstructure and mechanical properties show a strong dependency on the TiC content. Compared to the original HEA, the composite HEA shows decreased grain size, resulting in TiC nanoparticles (NPs) retarding grain growth by pinning the grain boundaries. With increasing TiC content from 0 to 4 wt-%, significant increases in the hardness from 410 to 480 HV and compressive yield strength from 680 to 1100 MPa, which is mainly due to the grain boundary and dispersion strengthening effects. Moreover, the thermal expansion curves show linear increments up to 800°C and decrease with increasing TiC content.
Myofiber Baf60c controls muscle regeneration by modulating Dkk3-mediated paracrine signaling
Authors: Xu Jingya , Li Xiaofei , Chen Wei , Zhang Ziyin , Zhou Yanping , Gou Yahui , Lv Cheng-an , Jin Lu , Qiu Xinyuan , Ma Shengshan , Wu Qing-Qian , Liu Tongyu , Mi Lin , Yang Zhuoying , Yu Ting , Pan Xiaowen , Feng Yu , Shan Pengfei , Meng Zhuo-Xian
Published: June 2023

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are the leading causes of the progressive decline in muscle regeneration and fitness in adults. The muscle microenvironment is known to play a key role in controlling muscle stem cell regenerative capacity, yet the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we found that Baf60c expression in skeletal muscle is significantly downregulated in obese and T2D mice and humans. Myofiber-specific ablation of Baf60c in mice impairs muscle regeneration and contraction, accompanied by a robust upregulation of Dkk3, a muscle-enriched secreted protein. Dkk3 inhibits muscle stem cell differentiation and attenuates muscle regeneration in vivo. Conversely, Dkk3 blockade by myofiber-specific Baf60c transgene promotes muscle regeneration and contraction. Baf60c interacts with Six4 to synergistically suppress myocyte Dkk3 expression. While muscle expression and circulation levels of Dkk3 are markedly elevated in obese mice and humans, Dkk3 knockdown improves muscle regeneration in obese mice. This work defines Baf60c in myofiber as a critical regulator of muscle regeneration through Dkk3-mediated paracrine signaling.
Gate-Dependent Nonlinear Hall Effect at Room Temperature in Topological Semimetal GeTe
Authors: Orlova N. N. , Timonina A. V. , Kolesnikov N. N. , Deviatov E. V.
Published: June 2023

We experimentally investigate nonlinear Hall effect as zero-frequency and second-harmonic transverse voltage responses to ac electric current for topological semimetal GeTe. A thick single-crystal GeTe flake is placed on the Si/SiO2 substrate, where the p-doped Si layer serves as a gate electrode. We confirm that electron concentration is not gate-sensitive in thick GeTe flakes due to the gate field screening by bulk carriers. In contrast, by transverse voltage measurements, we demonstrate that the nonlinear Hall effect shows pronounced dependence on the gate electric field at room temperature. Since the nonlinear Hall effect is a direct consequence of a Berry curvature dipole in topological media, our observations indicate that Berry curvature can be controlled by the gate electric field. This experimental observation can be understood as a result of the known dependence of giant Rashba splitting on the external electric field in GeTe. For possible applications, the zero-frequency gate-controlled nonlinear Hall effect can be used for the efficient broad-band rectification.
Novel approach to TNSA enhancement using multi-layered targets—a numerical study
Authors: Hadjikyriacou A , Psikal J , Giuffrida L , Kucharik M
Published: June 2023

In the context of ion acceleration driven by ultra-high contrast lasers using thin foils, there is a clear trend towards increasing ion energy when the target thickness is reduced. However when the target is too thin and the prepulse strength is not negligible, this trend is reversed due to degradation of the target mainly caused by prepulse-induced shocks, among other effects (thermal plasma expansion, early onset of transparency, etc). In this paper, we propose and motivate the use of multi-layered targets for the purpose of enhancing the target normal sheath acceleration mechanism by means of attenuating the shock waves inside the target. It is demonstrated through hydrodynamic simulations that multi-layered targets, composed of alternating layers of plastic and gold, can significantly delay the time of shock wave breakout, reducing the shock energy that breaks out of the target and shortening the plasma scale-length. This approach paves the way for enhanced laser-driven ion acceleration using thinner targets even for relatively low contrast lasers.
Structural optimization of inverted CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells for enhanced performance via SCAPS-1D simulation
Authors: Das Tapas , Rana Naba Kumar , Guchhait Asim
Published: June 2023

The CsPbI2Br material benefits perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by balancing their efficiency with chemical and thermal stability. Herein, we performed numerical modeling of a p-i-n structured PSCs employing different electron transport layers (ETLs). In order to optimize the ETL, the simulation results showed bilayer ETL (PCBM/SnO2) yielded the best device performance. Then, by tweaking the absorber layer’s defect density, thickness, electron affinity, and band gap, we optimized the device performance utilizing this bilayer ETL and yielded power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.51%, fill factor (FF) of 73.60%, open circuit voltage (V

OC
) of 0.94 V, and short circuit current density (J

SC
) of 17.94 mA cm−2. These CsPbI2Br perovskite-based devices would have outstanding thermal stability in a range from 253 K to 323 K. Another important observation in these PSCs is that interfacial defect density plays a crucial for regulating the V

OC. We, therefore, anticipate that this research will aid in the development of extremely effective and stable inverted all inorganic PSCs.
Effects of Mg-doping temperature on the structural and electrical properties of nonpolar a-plane p-type GaN films
Authors: Chen 陈 Kai 凯 , Zhao 赵 Jianguo 见国 , Ding 丁 Yu 宇 , Hu 胡 Wenxiao 文晓 , Liu 刘 Bin 斌 , Tao 陶 Tao 涛 , Zhuang 庄 Zhe 喆 , Yan 严 Yu 羽 , Xie 谢 Zili 自力 , Chang 常 Jianhua 建华 , Zhang 张 Rong 荣 , Zheng 郑 Youliao 有炓
Published: June 2023

Nonpolar (11–20) a-plane p-type GaN films were successfully grown on r-plane sapphire substrate with the metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system. The effects of Mg-doping temperature on the structural and electrical properties of nonpolar p-type GaN films were investigated in detail. It is found that all the surface morphology, crystalline quality, strains, and electrical properties of nonpolar a-plane p-type GaN films are interconnected, and are closely related to the Mg-doping temperature. This means that a proper performance of nonpolar p-type GaN can be expected by optimizing the Mg-doping temperature. In fact, a hole concentration of 1.3 × 1018 cm−3, a high Mg activation efficiency of 6.5%, an activation energy of 114 meV for Mg acceptor, and a low anisotropy of 8.3% in crystalline quality were achieved with a growth temperature of 990 °C. This approach to optimizing the Mg-doping temperature of the nonpolar a-plane p-type GaN film provides an effective way to fabricate high-efficiency optoelectronic devices in the future.
The dilute interacting Bose gas: comparisons between Feynman diagrammatic expansion and the hierarchy equations for the imaginary time Green functions
Authors: Dansage Victor , Ballenegger Vincent , Alastuey Angel
Published: June 2023

We analyze the correspondence between two formalisms describing an interacting Bose gas, namely the standard Feynman diagrammatic expansion on the one hand, and the hierarchy equations for the imaginary-time Green functions on the other hand. We show that the Hartree–Fock approximation, as well as its first corrections at low density derived by Baym et al (2001 Eur. Phys. J. B 24 107–24), can be equivalently formulated in both formalisms. Within the hierarchy approach, the two-body correlations

are expressed at lowest order in the interactions in terms of the full one-body Green function. This sheds light on the physical content of the corrections to the Hartree–Fock theory. Moreover, this representation of

can be extended to higher orders, opening the way to systematic calculations of further corrections to the ideal critical temperature when the density increases.
Low-power time synchronization algorithm for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Zhou Tiancheng , Liu Tong , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2023

Time synchronization technology is very significant for wireless sensor networks. A typical time synchronization algorithm is applied to the multi-hop topology network, which has the problems of poor time synchronization accuracy, slow convergence speed, and high power consumption. In this paper, a low-power time synchronization algorithm (LPTSA) is proposed. It is based on clustering in a multi-hop environment and adopts a node hierarchy strategy to reduce the synchronous communication overhead. The synchronization error compensation mechanism is adopted to reduce the impact of algorithm synchronization errors. The clustering algorithm divides the whole network into a primary network and a secondary network. By using different time synchronization algorithms in the primary and secondary networks respectively, unnecessary message overhead is reduced. Simulation shows that the algorithm effectively reduces energy consumption and improves synchronization accuracy.
Research on the Safety Alarm Distribution and Control System of Electric Construction Machinery Based on Edge Computing Technology
Authors: Zhang Qi , Hou Yongliang , Jiang Li , Zhu Jitao , Ma Hongbo , Yang Bo
Published: June 2023

Aiming at the alarm system of electrical construction machinery, which is mostly developed based on the principle of near electric alarm in the current market, a more excellent safety system is developed: research on the safety alarm distribution and control system of electric construction machinery based on edge computing technology. The X-band-based linear frequency modulation continuous wave (LFMCW) ranging radar is selected as the basic detection method. The system consists of the front-end monitoring device, signal processing and display, and acoustic and optical alarm equipment. To carry more new functions in the future, the front-end monitoring device adopts edge computing technology to overcome the shortcomings of centralized cloud computing. In the application test, the system has high detection accuracy and high practical use value, which can improve the safety of field operations, reduce the burden of safety supervision, and has good promotion value.
Simulation of the N-MFSK Method Used for Laser-Induced Acoustic Communication
Authors: Zhao Yang , Huang Jinxin , Cao Yifei , Chen Yingnan , Zhou Zhiquan
Published: June 2023

Laser-induced acoustic (LIA) technology is a possible way of communicating from an air platform to an underwater target. The present paper describes a modulation method of n-multiple frequency shift keying (n-MFSK) used for improving the communication rate of LIA technology. The thermal expansion mechanism was selected as a way of generating an acoustic signal by the pulse laser in this work. Thus, the technology of pulsed repetition frequency (PRF) can be used to realize n-MFSK modulation by controlling laser frequency and allocating periods in the time domain. The results of numerical simulation show that n-MFSK modulation can improve the communication rate and band utilization compared with the traditional n-frequency shift keying (n-FSK) modulation.
SP-E: Security Evaluation Framework of In-vehicle Infotainment System based on Threat Analyses and Penetration Tests
Authors: Li Shuang , Zhang Xin , Zhou Yue , Zhang Meng
Published: June 2023

With the increasing requirement of people, the functions of in-vehicle infotainment systems are becoming more and more abundant, and their security also affects the safety of vehicles. Therefore, it is more and more important to evaluate the security of the IVI system. This paper proposes a security evaluation framework for in-vehicle infotainment systems based on threat analyses and penetration tests. By constructing the data flow diagram of application scenarios, analyzing threats, combing the attack link diagram, combining white-box audit and black-box test, we use the characteristics of high efficiency of automatic tools and high accuracy of manual methods to set factor sets, and then the whole IVI system is evaluated by Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation.
Research on Radar Jamming for Detection Performance
Authors: Hu Yu , Wang Ziyu , Chen Hang , Jiang Yuchuan
Published: June 2023

Radar jamming plays an important role in modern military affairs. The current radar jamming technology is mainly divided into two parts: suppressive jamming and deceptive jamming. This paper applies the jamming effect of multi-false target jamming in deceptive jamming and noise AM jamming, noise FM jamming, and noise PM jamming in suppressive jamming to the radar’s echo signal. Besides, this paper studies their influences from the aspect of target detection results through MTI and the influence of these jamming methods on the radar detection probability through CFAR. The experimental results can directly show the influence of interference measures on detection results and detection probability, and prove the effectiveness of these interference methods.
Production and testing of the large-area photon detector ArCLight
Authors: Kunzmann J.
Published: June 2023

Compact large-area dielectric photon detectors that ensure modular noble liquid detectors can sense scintillation light signals for triggering and reconstruction purposes with minimal impact to the overall target volume. ArCLight is a small-volume, sizeable sensitive-area detector that consists of a light trap covered in a thin layer of TPB that can be placed inside a time projection chamber's electric field. These sensors are used in the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment Near Detector liquid argon (DUNE ND-LAr). They are constructed and tested at the University of Bern and will be deployed in the prototype experiment ProtoDUNE-ND. The talk discusses the details of assembling ArCLights, the quality control methods, and the test studies done with LEDs to assess their performance.
Evaluating Generative Adversarial Networks for particle hit generation in a cylindrical drift chamber using Fréchet Inception Distance
Authors: Andreou I. , Mouelle N.
Published: June 2023

We use Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) measured in the
latent spaces of pre-trained, fine-tuned and custom-made inception
networks to evaluate Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)
developed by the COherent Muon to Electron Transition (COMET)
collaboration to generate sequences of background hits in a
Cylindrical Drift Chamber (CDC). We validate the convergence of the
GANs' training and show that the use of self-attention layers
reduces FID. Our method enables the use of FID as an evaluation
metric even when an application-specific inception network is not
readily available, making it transferable to other GAN applications
in High Energy Physics.
Kinematic modelling and experimental testing of a particle-jamming soft robot based on a DEM-FEM coupling method
Authors: Xu Fengyu , Ma Kaiwei , Jiang Quansheng , Jiang Guo-Ping
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Particle-jamming soft robots are characterised by high flexibility in motion and high stiffness when executing a task. Regarding particle jamming of soft robots, the discrete element method (DEM)-finite element method (FEM) coupling was used for modelling and control. At first, a real-time particle-jamming soft actuator was proposed by integrating advantages of the driving Pneu-Net and the driven particle-jamming mechanism. Then, DEM and FEM were separately employed to determine the force-chain structure of the particle-jamming mechanism and the bending deformation performance of the pneumatic actuator. Furthermore, the piecewise constant curvature method was adopted for forward and inverse kinematic modelling of the particle-jamming soft robot. Finally, a prototype of the coupled particle-jamming soft robot was prepared, and a visual tracking test platform was established. The adaptive control method was proposed to compensate for the accuracy of motion trajectories. The variable-stiffness performance of the soft robot was verified by conducting stiffness tests and bending tests. The results provide novel theoretical and technical support for the modelling and control of variable-stiffness soft robots.
Facile synthesis of zinc acetate/niacin MOFs for use in wound healing
Authors: Ashmawy Salma R , Azzazy Hassan M E
Published: June 2023

Niacin (NA) and zinc (Zn) were used to fabricate metal organic frameworks (Zn-NA MOFs), based on coordination chemistry via a simple, rapid technique conducted at room temperature. The identity of the prepared MOFs was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, which showed cubic shaped, crystalline, microporous MOFs with an average size of 150 nm. Release of the active ingredients from the MOFs was proved to be pH dependent in a slightly alkaline medium (pH 8.5) with a sustained release rate of its two ingredients, NA and Zn, which have wound healing activity. Zn-NA MOFs proved to be biocompatible in the tested concentrations range (5–100 mg ml−1), with no cytotoxic effect on WI-38 cell line. Zn-NA MOFs at 10 and 50 mg ml−1 concentrations and their components, NA and Zn, exerted antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Wound healing effect of the Zn-NA MOFs (50 mg ml−1) was evaluated on full excisional rat wounds. Significant reduction of the wound area was observed after 9 d of treatment using the Zn-NA MOFs compared to the other treatment groups. Additionally, wounds were fully healed after 10 d of treatment with the Zn-NA MOFs with histological and immunohistochemical evidence of re-epithelization, collagen formation, and angiogenesis. Similar histological evidence was also observed in wounds treated with niacin only; however, with no significant wound closure rates. Nevertheless, the formation of new blood vessels, as confirmed by the vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression, was highest in the niacin group. Zn-NA MOFs synthesized using a facile, low-cost method are potentially capable of healing wounds rapidly and effectively.
Porous pentagraphene nanotube halogen gas sensor: a first principles study
Authors: Shah Khurshed A , Parvaiz M Shunaid , Dar G N
Published: June 2023

The recent technological revolution in nanoscience has created a huge potential to build highly sensitive, low-cost and power efficient portable sensors. Here, we have investigated the novel nano-porous penta-graphene nanotube (PGNT) device for detection and separation of halogen gases like fluorine (F2), chlorine (Cl2), bromine (Br2) and iodine (I2). The host carbon atoms are selectively removed to create the nanopores on the tube surface. 1, 2, 3 and 4 host carbon atoms are removed from the surface to create vacancies which were then investigated for detection and separation of halogen gases using functionalisation of pore edges. The I-V measurements were performed to establish the gas detection application of these novel porous structures. Furthermore, interaction energy graphs were obtained which show efficient separation of various halogen molecules by functionalising the pores with F2, Cl2 and H atoms.
An investigation into the effects of prosthesis relevant surfaces on the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms
Authors: Jackson C , Bills P , Allen C , Humphreys P
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects prosthesis relevant surfaces and finishes have on the formation of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms, the leading causative pathogenic bacteria of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Microbiological biofilm analysis was conducted to quantify S. aureus biofilm growth on prosthesis relevant surface coatings and finishes. Through the use of a CDC Biofilm Reactor (CDC-BR), biofilms were grown under constant shear conditions on three different titanium surface finishes, including Plasma Spray (PS), Grit Blasted (GB) and an As-fabricated (AF) surface used for comparative and control purposes. Advanced metrological techniques were applied to characterise each surface. This advanced approach to surface characterisation, including functional volume parameters has been carried out to provide a detailed quantifiable description of the surface and one that better relates to the nature of growth upon a surface. Results show that the PS surface exhibits a significant increase in biofilm growth in comparison to the GB and AF surfaces, with the AF surface showing the lowest amount of biofilm growth. Additionally, the morphology of the features of the PS coating allows for the biofilm accumulation to flourish in the re-entrant features across its topography. These findings highlight the difficulties of biofilm eradication and further complicate the design process of prosthetics, where features implemented to promote osseointegration simultaneously offer favourable locations for bacterial cell attachment and subsequent biofilm development, leading potentially, to PJI. There is a general consensus throughout literature regarding an apparent trend between an increase in Sa and an increase in biofilm formation (Zheng et al 2021 Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
9 643722; Bridgens et al 2015 Surface and Coatings Technology
284; James et al 2019 Aesthetic Plast. Surg.
43 490–497). This study has shown that whilst this may generally be the case, the location of this surface area increase within the topography may be a more important observation.
Classification of electrocardiogram signals using deep learning based on genetic algorithm feature extraction
Authors: Khezripour Hossein , Mozaffari Saadat Pour , Reshadi Midia , Zarrabi Houman
Published: June 2023

Arrhythmias using electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is important in medical and computer research due to the timely diagnosis of dangerous cardiac conditions. The current study used the ECG to classify cardiac signals into normal heartbeats, congestive heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation arrhythmias, atrial flutter, malignant ventricular arrhythmias, and premature atrial fibrillation. A deep learning algorithm was used to identify and diagnose cardiac arrhythmias. We proposed a new ECG signal classification method to increase signal classification sensitivity. We smoothed the ECG signal with noise removal filters. A discrete wavelet transform based on an arrhythmic database was applied to extract ECG features. Feature vectors were obtained based on wavelet decomposition energy properties and calculated values of PQRS morphological features. We used the genetic algorithm to reduce the feature vector and determine the input layer weights of the artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Proposed methods for classifying ECG signals were in different classes of rhythm to diagnose heart rhythm diseases. Training data was with 80% of the data set and test data was with 20% for the whole data set. The learning accuracy for the results of training and test data in the ANN classifier was calculated as 99.9% and 88.92% and in ANFIS as 99.8% and 88.83% respectively. Based on these results, good accuracy was observed.