bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le déclenchement de l’intervention française en Côte d’Ivoire (2002). Des risques de s’affranchir des contre-pouvoirs et du système international dans la régulation d’une guerre civile
Authors: Roux Benoît
Published: November 2018

19 septembre 2002 : une rébellion politico-militaire tente de renverser le président ivoirien. La France s’interpose militairement entre les deux parties en conflit et déclenche sa plus importante opération militaire depuis la guerre d’indépendance algérienne. Alors que, dans le même temps, elle se confronte aux États-Unis sur la question du déclenchement de la guerre d’Irak, la France se lance dans une démonstration de force diplomatique. Elle préside à Paris, le 15 janvier 2003, les négociations de l’Accord de Linas-Marcoussis au risque de supplanter la médiation ouest-africaine qui œuvrait depuis quatre mois et de reléguer les acteurs internationaux au rang des utilités. Mais en imposant ses vues, les autorités françaises contribuent à aggraver la guerre civile qui ne prit fin que huit ans plus tard. Ces premiers mois d’intervention témoignent des modes de pensée et d’action des autorités françaises. Ils suffisent à cerner comment, en cherchant un avantage à court terme, elles ont œuvré à l’échec à long terme de leur démonstration d’influence.
La source archivistique pour une étude des risques liés à l’aéronautique sportive : les dossiers du Bureau d’Enquêtes et d’Analyses (BEA) conservés aux Archives nationales
Authors: Berthout David
Published: November 2018

La prise de risque est dès l’origine consubstantielle aux activités aériennes. Depuis les essais en ballons de la fin du XVIII e  siècle et la pratique de l’aérostation au XIX e  siècle jusqu’à la naissance de l’aviation au début du XX e  siècle, l’expérimentation et l’utilisation d’engins peu fiables, en recherche constante d’amélioration, ont rendu la pratique aérienne dangereuse. Tout au long du XX e  siècle et malgré les efforts de sécurisation des équipements, le danger ne disparaît pas. Au-delà même des risques liés à la pratique d’un nouveau sport aérien et à l’utilisation de son équipement, le danger provient aussi souvent, en grande partie, des comportements humains. Interroger les pratiques sportives liées à la prise de risque c’est, selon les champs des sciences humaines et sociales dans lesquels on s’inscrit, puiser à la parole des pratiquants, « faire du terrain » ou compiler et analyser des données récupérées directement à la source. Parmi les sources qui s’offrent aux chercheurs, un fonds d’archives en particulier s’avère essentiel pour l’étude des risques liés aux pratiques aériennes, il s’agit des archives du Bureau d’Enquêtes et d’Analyses pour la sécurité de l’aviation civile (BEA).
4.5G Capacity & QoS Optimization: A New Proposal to Enhance the Principal KPIs of 5G/IoT
Authors: El Mahjoubi Ahmed , Mazri Tomader , Hmina Nabil
Published: November 2018

RF capacity management and optimization is an important part of the network performances of the future. �  Technically, 4.5G/5G mobile network is expected to enable people-thing and thing-thing interconnections by combining communication technologies and networks. Our Lab has been actively promoting research on 4G & 5G performances, in which the RF Capacity management issue is of great interest. New 4G/5G tests put forward a lot of requirements for RF network performances in terms of KPIs, QoS, as well as user experience. Based on Morocco’s current situation, this article first discusses the LTE cell resources monitoring and optimization, Furthermore, we will introduce LTE OMSTAR tool, and LTE cell resources optimization scenarios are summarized.
A Petri Net-based Supply Chain System
Authors: Liu Jiang-ping , Wu Ri-geng
Published: November 2018

In order to solve the problem of supply of agricultural products, the current mode of decentralized agricultural product supply is described with the Petri net formalized modeling method. A corresponding Petri net model is established. Based on this, combined with mathematical methods, the supply chain is divided into different links, and a quantitative analysis of the operation cycle and the operational efficiency of each link is carried out. The construction of the program has changed the previous scattered farmer operating model, integrated the information of farmers and related products, and completed the production and processing of agricultural products in the form of task distribution. The circulation of information in the entire supply chain has been realized, thus ensuring the production benefits of each farmer, reducing the previous business risks that a single farmer needs to bear, and improving the operational efficiency of the entire supply chain.
A Routing Algorithm Based on Zigbee Technology
Authors: Gang Xieji
Published: November 2018

To realize the exploration of A routing algorithm for ZigBee technology, a kind of intelligent parking system based on ZigBee wireless sensor network is designed, and the parking space is managed by online and offline interaction. First of all, the status of parking at home and abroad is studied, and the demand for parking is analyzed. Secondly, the intelligent scheme of parking system is studied, including parking guidance technology and parking space intelligent recommendation technology. The former is based on the A routing algorithm to search the shortest path, and uses Unity for route planning simulation, and the latter is based on collaboration filtering algorithm to discuss the recommendation method of similar parking spaces. The result shows that the prototype of an intelligent parking system based on ZigBee is eventually realized, and the functions of online viewing, online parking reservation, online path planning and parking guidance are realized. As a result, the purpose of managing offline parking spaces through online is achieved, the utilization rate of resources in the existing parking lot is improved and the use rate of parking space is promoted. At last, it effectively alleviates the urban parking chaos and has certain application value.
Clustering Routing Protocol for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Dynamic Network Partition
Authors: Cao Luzhou
Published: November 2018

To prolong the network life and improve the network performance, a new clustering routing protocol which uses dynamic network to divide and consider the residual energy of sensor nodes is proposed. The design and simulation of the clustering scheme for mobile wireless sensor networks are also studied. The results show that the protocol controls the number of cluster heads by region division of the network and balances its distribution in wireless sensor networks according to the latest location of the sink node. At the same time, the residual energy of nodes is considered to balance the energy consumption of the network when the cluster head is elected. The protocol effectively solves the problem of uneven distribution of cluster heads in time and space and energy consumption of each node in the LEACH protocol. Compared with the LEACH protocol, M-LEACH effectively prolongs the network life. From this, it is seen that the application of M-LEACH protocol in mobile wireless sensor network clustering routing is effective.
Design of Mobile 4G Gateway Based on Zigbee Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Qiu Bo
Published: November 2018

To realize the design of mobile 4G gateway of ZigBee wireless sensor network (WSN), a scheme of wireless remote monitoring based on ZigBee and general packet radio service (GPRS) WSN gateway system is proposed. The scheme combines the advantages of short distance, low power consumption, low cost and long distance popular communication of ZigBee technology, and uses the system architecture of ZigBee + GPRS + Android. On this hardware platform, the transplantation of Android system and the development of related hardware device drivers are designed and implemented, so as to build the software platform of the system. Based on the software and hardware platform of the system, the related applications are designed and realized according to the function requirements of the system, and the software and hardware platform and the application program are tested and analyzed. The test results show that the system runs steadily and has good performance. To sum up, the hardware platform has the advantages of low energy consumption, high performance and scalability.
Evaluative tools in impact investing: Three case studies on the use of theories of change
Authors: Verrinder Noel B. , Zwane Kagiso , Nixon Debby , Vaca Sara
Published: November 2018

Impact investing is becoming one of the largest forces in driving social and environmental change globally. However, how one defines, measures and communicates this impact is not well defined or consistently implemented. This can prevent investors from making well-informed decisions and allows for ‘impact washing’. The evaluation community has many tools that could be adapted and used in the world of impact investing. Theories of change allow for the better communication of impact, identification of indicators to be measured and critical interrogation of logic. The attributes of theories of change could assist in steering the growing force of impact investing towards gathering more investment and achieving greater impact. This paper is exploratory and examines the development and use of theories of change as a tool for impact investing and seeks to identify the benefits of the tool. We qualitatively review three case studies of organisations that have implemented theories of change and identify common key themes. We find that theories of change are a useful tool for the communication of impact, identification of indicators to be measured and for the critical interrogation of logic. However, theories of change do not provide a panacea to the impact challenge; the need to rigorously measure impact is not fulfilled by merely identifying what needs to be measured. Regardless, the use of theories of change adds an advantage in a space where others have not gone to the same length to show their commitment to driving change.
The pattern and characteristics of sexual assault perpetrators and survivors managed at a sexual assault referral centre in Lagos
Authors: Sodipo Oluwajimi O. , Adedokun Ayoade , Adejumo Adedeji O. , Olibamoyo Olushola
Published: November 2018

Background: There has presumably been an increase in cases of sexual assault in Nigeria; however, accurate data on the characteristics of the survivors and perpetrators are not readily available in most cases.Aim: To report the pattern and characteristics of sexual assault perpetrators and survivors managed at the Mirabel Centre, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja – a three-year review.Methods: A retrospective audit carried out in the sexual assault referral centre (SARC) – Mirabel Centre, LASUTH, Lagos State, Nigeria. A total of 2160 case files from July 2013 to January 2017 were assessed for age group of survivors and gender, among others.Results: A total of 2160 cases were analysed. The mean age of survivors was 13.9 (± 4.4) years with the 11–20 years age group having the highest number of survivors (48.4%) and the 0–10 years age group having 35.9% of survivors. Majority of the survivors (97.7%) were female. The majority of the perpetrators were known to the survivors with 10.3% being family members. Defilement (71.6%) was the most reported type of assault at the centre with rape (20.3%) being the second most common. The majority of the referrals to the centre were from the police (76.7%), while self-referrals made up 8% of referrals.Conclusion: Minors and adolescents formed the majority of the survivors. Defilement was the most reported form of sexual violence. There needs to be special intervention for better monitoring and protection of minors and youths against sexual assault. The establishment of more sexual assault referral centres in Nigeria will increase reportage and treatment of survivors.
The Willingness to Pay for Local, Domestic, and Imported Bundled Fresh Produce by Online Shoppers
Authors: Gumirakiza Jean D. , Choate Taylor
Published: November 2018

This study applies a Censored Normal Tobit Model on the 2016 survey data from 1,205 online shoppers in the South region of the United States to explain their Willingness To Pay (WTP) for a bundle of fresh produce from different origins. This study indicates that online shoppers are willing to pay $6.91, $6.38, and $5.22 for four pounds of bundled fresh produce that are locally, domestically grown, and imported respectively. We found that income category, interests in online shopping, interest level for local, interest level for organic, and monthly spending on fresh produce have a significant positive impact on the WTP for locally grown fresh produce. Results indicate that being married, high income, interests in online shopping, interests in local produce, interests in organic, and the monthly spending on fresh produce increase the WTP for domestically grown fresh produce, while age and being a female diminishes it. We further found that age, being a female, and interest in the freshness of the produce decrease the WTP for imported produce. Based on the findings from this study, we have suggested a couple of marketing implications and suggestions.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Phytostabilization of Soil Degraded by Manganese Mining
Authors: Garcia Kaio Gráculo Vieira , Gomes Vânia Felipe Freire , Filho Paulo Furtado Mendes , Martins Claudia Miranda , Silva Júnior José Maria Tupinambá da , Cunha Cleyton Saialy Medeiros , Pinheiro José Israel
Published: November 2018

Mining and processing of manganese (Mn) minerals are activities that may result in the generation of large amounts of wastes and serious environmental impacts. Several strategies have been employed to remediate areas with high Mn concentrations, but many of them imply high investments and high risk of secondary pollution. This study aimed to evaluate the phytostabilization potential of Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth. in Mn mining soil influenced by inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments [not inoculated (control), inoculated with Rhizophagus clarus; inoculated with Claroideoglomus etunicatum and inoculated with Rhizophagus clarus + Claroideoglomus etunicatum (Mix)], and four replicates. Inoculation with Mix and C. etunicatum had higher efficiency in protecting plants against excess Mn, due to the greater retention of this element in the roots and lower translocation to the shoots. Inoculation with R. clarus did not influence plant development and reduction of Mn contents in the shoots. The association of the AMF Mix and C. etunicatum with the species Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth. enhances Mn phytostabilization in mining soils with high concentration of this element. The use of multivariate analyses proved to be an important tool with respect to the behavior of biometric, chemical and microbiological variables in mining soil with high Mn concentration.
Effect of Plant Density on the Water Use Efficiency and Quality of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. Cv. Spunta) in the Jordan Valley
Authors: Bani-Hani Nabeel Mohammad , Al-Tabbal Jalal “Ahmed Said” , Haddad Moawiya Ahmad , Aldal’in Hammad Khalifeh , Al-Fraihat Ahmad H. , Alhrout Hussein Hussein , Hasan Hazem Sharef , Aldabbas Fawzi M.
Published: November 2018

Plant density affected yield, quality and water use efficiency. Little information describing plant density to optimize yield and quality of potato production is available in the Jordan Valley. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of plant density on the yield and yield components of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar “Spunta” grown in the middle of the Jordan Valley. Five different densities of plants (41,600 plants ha-1 (D1), 56,000 plants ha-1 (D2), 83,200 plants ha-1 (D3), 28,000 plants ha-1 (D4), and 41,600 plants ha-1 (D5) were randomly distributed over five replicate sites during the growing season from November 2013 to March 2014. Plant height, number of branches, fresh and dry weight of potato plants, tuber number, tuber weight, total yield, specific gravity and water use efficiency of potato plant grown under different plant density were measured. It was found that the productivity of potato increased with increasing plant density, with the highest total, marketable, and non-marketable yields being obtained at densities of 83,200 seeds ha-1, and the lowest occurring at 41,600 seeds ha-1, which equated to total fresh yields of 45.1 and 25.3 tons ha-1, respectively. The highest water use efficiency for marketable yield (11.9 kg m-3) was obtained at a density of 83,200 seeds ha-1, whereas the lowest water use efficiency (7.5 kg m-3) was obtained at a density of 41,600 seeds ha-1. The specific gravity ranged from 1.04 to 1.08 and the average tuber weight ranged from 77.02 g at a density of 83,200 seeds ha-1 to 115.84 g at a density of 28,000 seeds ha-1.
Effect of Applying Organic Amendments and Chickpea Integration on Soil Chemical Properties in Different Cropping Systems in Central Kenya
Authors: Ndukhu O. H. , Wahome G. R. , Jensen H. H.
Published: November 2018

A study was carried out to determine the effect of applying farm yard manure (FYM) and Minjingu rock phosphate (MRP) on soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon. The study involved field experiments under varying precipitation pattern, soil fertility levels and cropping systems over four growth seasons. The experimental design was a randomized complete block (RCBD) with four replications in a split plot arrangement where the main plots were the three cropping systems; monocropping, intercropping and crop rotation and the split plots were FYM and MRP and sampling done at crop physiological maturity. Soil pH, N, P K and C increased in the different treatments in the following order control < MRP < FYM in the three cropping systems across the four growing seasons at both sites. In maize under rotation with chickpea control had; 0.281% N, 2.82% C and 10.68 ppm P. FYM; 0.554% N, 4.41% C and18.24 ppm P. MRP; 0.45% N, 3.6% C and 41.08 ppm P. Maize chickpea intercrop control; 0.389% N, 3.192% C and 13.4 ppm P. FYM; 0.531% N, 4.98% C and 41.02 ppm P. MRP; 0.49% N, 4.08% C and 50.9 ppm P. Soil under maize monocrop exhibited; control; 0.2% N, 2.59% C and11.26 ppm P. FYM; 0.416% N, 3.83% C and 18.01 ppm P. MRP; 0.28% N, 3.13% C and 26.1ppm P. Almost a similar trend was observed in maize and tomato plots at both sites in all the growing seasons. Thus it can be deduced that, FYM and MRP application and legume integration in cropping systems improves soil fertility.
Physiological Responses of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Under Irrigation With Saline Water and Biostimulant Treatment
Authors: Sousa Leonardo Vieira de , Ribeiro Rayanne Maria Paula , Santos Manoel Galdino dos , Oliveira Fernando Sarmento de , Ferreira Hugo , Gerônimo Francisco Rafael Rodrigues , Araújo Antônio Genilson Rodrigues , Silva Toshik Iarley da , Júnior Aurélio Paes Barros
Published: November 2018

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of the world’s main crops, and it is a fundamental source of protein for semiarid regions population. In these regions, the use of high salts concentration water in irrigation systems is one of the major factors that contributes to reduced cowpea yield. One way to alleviate the negative effects of salinity is through the biostimulants application, which is a product that has beneficial substances to the plants metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of biostimulant in cowpea cultivars under irrigation with saline water. The study was carried out in the Agrarian Sciences Center, of the Department of Agronomic and Forest Sciences of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, in the city of Mossoró, RN. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. The treatments were arranged in 5 × 2 × 2 factorial scheme, with five doses of biostimulant (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 mL L-1), two electrical conductivities of the irrigation water (0.5 and 5.0 dS m-1), and two cowpea cultivars (IPA-206 and BRS Guariba). The evaluated characteristics were: chlorophyll content index, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, internal CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, shoot height, stem diameter and shoot dry mass. The biostimulant application was not efficient in attenuating the salinity stress effect on the development of cowpea cultivars. The higher biostimulant concentrations along with the use of saline water increased the negative effects of salinity on the cowpea plants physiology. There was no difference between the cultivars regarding the tolerance to saline stress and the application of biostimulant.
Forage Yield and Silage Quality of Intercropped Maize+Soybean With Different Relative Maturity Cycle
Authors: Batista Vanderson Vieira , Adami Paulo Fernando , Sartor Laercio Ricardo , Silveira Magali Floriano Da , Soares André Brugnara , Oligini Karine Fuschter , Kwiecinski Diego , Ferreira Michael Luiz , Camana Douglas , Giacomel Cleverson Luiz , Fonseca Amanda Cassu da
Published: November 2018

The success of maize+soybean intercrop depends on the correct synchronism between species phenological stages at the silage point. Due to it, the experiment was carried out to evaluate maize+soybean intercrop forage yield and silage quality using crops with different maturity cycle combination. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 3 factorial scheme. Treatments consisted of two maize hybrids (1: P1630YHR-early cycle and 2: middle cycle P30F53VYHR) and two soybean cultivars (P95R51-maturity cycle of 5.1; TMG7062-maturity cycle of 6.2) and one control represented by maize monocrop. Silage harvesting was performed when maize had reached 2/3 milk line stage. Intercropping soybean into maize did not affect its biomass yield. Both soybean cultivars present compatible cycles for ensiling together with maize hybrids, since they were in phenological stages from R5.3 to R7 by the time maize was at its optimum stage for ensiling. There was interaction between species for the soybean biomass yield. Maize hybrid P30F53 produced higher biomass yield than P1630 what also resulted in higher amount of total crude protein yield. Intercrop P1630-P95R51 produced 458 Kg ha-1 of crude protein more than maize monocrop. Maize+soybean intercropping system results in higher silage crude protein percentage and yield per area (Kg of CP ha-1).
Spatial Analysis of Forest Fragmentation in the Atlantic Forest Bioma Areas
Authors: Marchesan Juliana , Pereira Rudiney Soares , Alba Elisiane , Pedrali Letícia Daiane
Published: November 2018

The goal of this work was to calculate landscape ecology metrics using the R language, allowing the analysis of forest fragments under the Atlantic Forest domain located in the sub-basin of Arroio Jaquirana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For the mapping of the forest fragments, we used images from the REIS/RapidEye sensor dated 2016, and the classification was supervised through the Bhattacharya algorithm. The fragments were analyzed in seven size classes, to separate them and to calculate the landscape metrics it was used R language. The results attained demonstrated that the native forest occupied 34.01% of the study area, covering a total of 1,995 fragments, of which 93.43% were less than 5 ha. The highest values of edge and perimeter-area ratio were found in the small fragments indicating a greater edge effect, with the central areas of these remnants being exposed to the external matrix effects. Thus, it is concluded that the Atlantic Forest is highly fragmented and is extremely important to establish measures to minimize the effects and/or increase the connectivity between the fragments through ecological corridors using the smaller fragments, in addition, it makes necessary the development of public policies and research for the management of the region in order to preserve the remnants.
Biofertilizers: An Alternative for Sustainable Agriculture in the Amazon Region
Authors: Silva Elson. J. S. da , Senado Jéssy A. V. , Araujo Dênmora G. , Silva Gisele B. da , Batista Telma F. V.
Published: November 2018

Agricultural production plays a strategic role in Amazon, since it has economic and food-growing importance, but also represents a great highlight in the cultural and social scenarios. However, such theme still faces some challenges regarding the development of alternative methods capable of achieving sustainable productions, with quality and quantity, and yet with no harm to the natural resources. The Trichoderma fungus has become significant as a biological agent in agricultural species, presenting considerable answers to the development and protection of vegetables, and has also guaranteed the environmental preservation and food safety. Such issues considered, this study intends to guide small agricultural producers about the usage of Trichoderma fungi, emphasizing the agricultural species cultivation. The university extension program took place in four communities promoting workshops about the usage of the Trichoderma and other alternative biofertilizers. Each community was interviewed in an attempt to identify the main difficulties regarding a sustainable agricultural production. As a result, 75% of the communities still used chemicals in their fertilizing and plague control processes and did not use biological-origin products due to the lack of information on where to obtain them and how to use such items; only 25% had alternatives of biological defensives and merely 5% had any knowledge about the usage of biofertilizers like Trichoderma. Such findings evidence it is necessary to continue the extension program actions, focusing on their improvement and expansion, since they benefit society, economy and the environment of the Amazon region.
Nodulation and Development of Soybean Submitted to Inoculation With Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Phosphorus Doses
Authors: Chaves Erica , Leite Rubson da Costa , Silva Thalita Rodrigues , Viana Thayny Alves , Cruz Tatiane de Sousa , Soares Guilherme Octávio de Sousa , Leite Robson da Costa , Lima Leite Raimundo Laerton de
Published: November 2018

Among the several factors that may influence nodulation and the efficiency of biological nitrogen fixation for soybean plants, nutrient availability is among the most important. This study aimed to evaluate the inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and doses of phosphorus on the development of soybean in a Vertisol, in Tocantins. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. Four doses of phosphate fertilization (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg ha-1 P2O5) were studied, combined with two inoculation treatments with Bradyrhizobium japonicum (inoculated and not inoculated). The following variables were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, nodules per plant, dry mass of nodules, dry mass of plant, dry mass of root, number of pods and number of grains per pod. Under greenhouse conditions and soil with good availability of phosphorus, there is no influence of the doses on the inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Soils with good availability of phosphorus have low response to the application of phosphate fertilizer.
Yield of ‘Pingo de Ouro’ Cowpea Bean Under Different Sowing Densities and Goat Manure Doses in the Region of Mossoró, Brazil
Authors: Silva Rogério Alexandrino da , Linhares Paulo César Ferreira , Santos Souza Anielson dos , Pereira Maria Francisca Soares , Assis Janilson Pinheiro de , Sousa Roberto Pequeno de , Neves Ariana Morais , Alves Lunara de Sousa , Silva Rita Ianáskara Gomes da
Published: November 2018

Using goat manure may substantially increase cowpea bean productivity. This study evaluated the yield of ‘pingo de ouro’ cowpea bean under different sowing densities and goat doses in the region of Mossoró, Brazil. The experiment was conducted from October to December 2016 at the Experimental Farm Rafael Fernandes, Mossoró-RN, Brazil. Treatments arranged in two-way factorial with four goat manure doses (0.0, 0.5, 1 and 2 kg m-1), and two sowing densities of bean (75,000 and 37,500 plants ha-1), with three replicates. The experiment was performed in complete randomized blocks design. We evaluated the number and length of pods per plant, number of seed per pod, weight of 100 dry grains and dry grain yield. Higher grain yield occurred using 2.0 kg m-1 of goat manure (1,162.4 kg ha-1 or 234 kg 2,000 m-2) and 75,000 plants ha-1 (693.4 kg ha-1 or 138.6 kg 2,000 m-2). High sowing density in combination with goat manure is an affective.
Potassium Fertilization in Soybean and Its Correlation With Electrical Conductivity in Soil
Authors: Farias Maryzélia F. de , Boas Roberto L. V. , Rodrigues Khalil de M. , Garreto Francisca G. de S. , Furtado Marileia B. , Parra-Serrano Luisa J. , Soares Francisco A. , Machado Nítalo A. F. , Oliveira Analya R. F. , Andrade Hosana A. F. de , Silva-Matos Raissa R. S.
Published: November 2018

Soybeans stand out among the main oilseeds in the world, with potassium (K+) as the second most required nutrient and exported by the plant. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of potassium fertilization on soybean crop and its correlation with the electrical conductivity in a Yellow Dystrophic Latosol in the Cerrado of Maranhão. The experiments were conducted in the years of 2015 and 2016. The design was a randomized block design, with five treatments and five replications. Treatments consisted of the following K2O doses: 0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1 in the sowing groove. The data collected were submitted to analysis of variance and regression. The response of soybean to potassium fertilization occurred for the mass of 100 grains. The highest grain yield was evidenced in the first year of soybean cultivation. The increase in the adjustment parameters of the regression models in the electrical conductivity of 20-40 cm in the second year of cultivation occurred as a function of the increase of the potassium fertilization.
Management and Final Disposal of Mango Waste in the State of Guerrero, Mexico: A Brief Review
Authors: Lorenzo-Santiago M. A. , Juárez-López A. L. , Rosas-Acevedo J. L. , Rendón-Villalobos J. R. , Toribio-Jiménez J. , García-Hernández E.
Published: November 2018

One fruit trees crops with largest amount in Mexico is the mango (Mangifera indica L.). In 2017, Guerrero was the state with the highest production in the country. However, the waste generated after harvesting represents an environmental problem caused by high production and low opportunity in the national and international markets. Nowadays, there is no environmental policy to regulate this final waste disposal. Regularly, post-harvest waste has no value and most of the time, its disposal is inadequate. The lack of training and management knowledge, separation and use, has generated an imbalance in the environment, caused by inadequate elimination practices and excessive use of pest prevention activities, known as cultural control. The main objective of this review was to know about mango production in Guerrero State, its final disposal after harvest and the environmental impact generated by cultural control use.
Inducing Resistance in Heliconia psittacorum cv. Golden Torch to Naturally Occurring Leaf Diseases
Authors: Sardinha D. H. S. , Rodrigues A. A. C. , Campos Neto J. R. M. , Melo L. G. L. , Oliveira L. J. M. G. , Diniz F. A. S. , Paz D. S.
Published: November 2018

One of the bottlenecks to heliconia production is leaf diseases, which have the main characteristic of forming necrotic spots, that can reduce photosynthesis, damage the heliconia bracts and make the flowers unsuitable for commercialisation. The objective of the present study was to identify inducers capable of inducing resistance in H. psittacorum cv. Golden Torch, assessing by enzymatic action the reduction in the severity of the fungus complex associated to the cultivation of this species and verifying the action of the severity in relation to the net photosynthesis rate of the plants. The inducers were applied to the plants using a back spray and during application the plots were protected to prevent the products from drifting. The concentrations applied were Agro-Mos® (10 ml L-1), Bion® (0.5 g L-1), Quartz® (40 ml L-1), potassium phosphite (3 g L-1) and calcium phosphite (3 g L-1). During the experimental cultivation, the severity caused by the fungus complex and the photosynthetic rate of the plants were assessed and plant material was collected to analyse the enzymatic activity. The results indicated that the inducers Bion® and the phosphites applied reduced the fungus complex severity, increased the activity of peroxidase, polifenoloxidase and β-1.3 gluconase but did not cause alterations in the net photosynthesis rate of the plants. The value found for β > 1 suggested that the visual estimation of the fungus complex severity is a good visual indicator of the effect of the plant pathogens on the host photosynthetic rate. The results are concrete responses to producers in the sector on management alternatives for diseases associated to heliconia cultivation.
Characterization of a Water Heating System Using Solar Collector With Conical Concentrator
Authors: Schneider F. P. , Nogueira C. E. C. , Toniazzo Fernando , Souza S. N. M. , Siqueira J. A. C. , Nogueira I. L. , Santos D. R.
Published: November 2018

This study aimed to evaluate a solar water heating system for using on residences, using a solar collector with conical concentrator. The principle of light concentration in a solar collector with conical concentrator is the capture and reflection of solar radiation in the center of a tapered concentrator with internal reflective faces. The area of concentration of solar energy is occupied by a receiver with material of high thermal conductivity, properly isolated by transparent surfaces, to form the greenhouse effect, where the thermal energy is transferred to a working fluid. The characterization of the system was done through field tests to determine the efficiency in the water heating. The tests were performed considering different scenarios, which varied according to the heating system (passive and active with different water flow) and solar tracking (manual adjustment and stationary). The results showed that the scenarios with solar tracking presented an average efficiency of 12.63%, which was more efficient than those presented by the fixed orientation, which was 11.44%. Besides that, it was verified that the active solar heating systems were more efficient than the passive ones.
Yield Stability of Sweet Sorghum Genotypes for Bioenergy Production Under Contrasting Temperate and Tropical Environments
Authors: Udoh Diana-Abasi , Rasmussen Søren K. , Jacobsen Sven-Erik , Iwo Godfrey A. , Milliano Walter de
Published: November 2018

Forty-three sweet sorghum accessions were grown in two contrasting environments; Nigeria (tropical environment) and Denmark (temperate environment). The objectives were to determine the interaction between genotype and environment on grain yield, fresh biomass and stem sugar, and to assess yield stability of sweet sorghum and identify the best genotypes for biofuel production. The sweet sorghum originating from a Dutch and ICRISAT collection was grown in randomized complete block design in three replicates for two years (2014 and 2015). The combined analysis of variance of the sweet sorghum genotypes in two years over the two contrasting environments revealed that year (Y), genotype (G), environment (E) and genotype by environment interaction (GEI) were significant in the entire biofuel yield attributes obtained from both Dutch and ICRISAT collections except the degree of Brix and fresh biomass respectively across the year. The year and genotype interaction (Y×G) was not significant in all the biofuel attributes of Dutch accessions. Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis of variance showed significant effect of G, E and the GEI. The AMMI was used to identify the best performing, adaptable and more stable genotypes. Twenty-two genotypes of both ICRISAT and Dutch accessions were identified to be stable across the two locations with respect to different biofuel attributes. Nine, seven, and six genotypes were found to be stable for grain yield, biomass yield and brix value, respectively. The best performing genotypes for stem sugar across locations were identified. From the available data collected, the performance of the sweet sorghum was attributed to both genetic and environmental effects. High GE was observed to influence stability, hence will influence the selection criteria of the sweet sorghum genotypes.
Metabolic Resistance in the Fall Armyworm: An Overview
Authors: Carvalho Indyra F. , Erdmann Larissa L. , Machado Larissa L. , Rosa Ana Paula S. A. , Zotti Moisés J. , Neitzke Camila G.
Published: November 2018

The Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most important pests in the American continent and has recently become an invasive species in Africa. It’s main form of control is through the use of insecticides, however during the last 40 years, due to continuous spraying and high doses used along with FAW’s high adaptative capacity, developed resistance to different classes of chemical insecticides. One of the main mechanisms enabling resistance in the FAW is by detoxification enzymes or so-called metabolic resistance. P450s, Carboxylesterases and Glutathione-S-Transferases are the main families of enzymes believed to mediate the detoxification process. These enzymes in the FAW, although widely studied, have been difficult to generalize into patterns. This happens mainly because FAW populations can have high genetic variability within the species, as they have different biotypes meaning that they can be morphologically identical but physiologically different and consequently, enzymatic responses to toxic compounds can also differ. There are also differences due to the diversity of biomes in which S. frugiperda is found, which due to adaptations to different host plants and other abiotic factors, it’s hard to predict enzymatic responses in insecticide resistance. In this context we aimed to review the literature regarding these three main enzymes families involved in metabolic resistance in S. frugiperda, by cataloguing, analysing and summarizing these studies.
Contribution of Plant Litter in Fragments of Dry Tropical Forest in Paraíba
Authors: Araújo Adão Batista de , Souto Patrícia Carneiro , Souto Jacob Silva , Silva Fabio Junho Alves da , Leonardo Francisco de Assis Pereira , Borges César Henrique Alves
Published: November 2018

Deposition of plant litter in the environment represents the entrance into the system, with reflection on soil organic matter content and environmental quality of the site. The objective of this study was to estimate the deposition, accumulation and decomposition of plant litter in preserved Caatinga vegetation, and the interference of climatic variability in the dynamics of these events. This research was developed in the Private Natural Heritage Reserve (RPPN), Tamanduá Farm, in the municipality of Santa Terezinha-PB, in a Caatinga area. Plant litter deposited in 20 twenty 1.0 m² litterfall traps of 1.0 m × 1.0 m was collected monthly (June/2014 to July/2015), covering the dry and rainy period of the region. The material was separated into leaves, branches + bark, reproductive material and miscellaneous material. Litter stock accumulated on the forest floor was quantified using a 0.5 m × 0.5 m metal frame to estimate decomposition rate of litter. We found that that leaves fraction obtained the highest deposition average in July 2014 with 395.80 kg ha-1 and the lowest in February/2015 with 9.5 kg ha-1. We concluded that that litter production obtained during the evaluation period was 2.2 mg ha-1, being the highest contribution of litter at the end of the rainy season of the region.
Evaluation of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk in Response to Nitrogen Fertilization and Inoculation With Diazotrophic Bacterium
Authors: Alovisi Alessandra Mayumi Tokura , Fernandes Jucinei de Souza , Alovisi Alves Alexandre , Perondi Luana Gonçalves , Tokura Luciene Kazue , Silva Robervaldo Soares da , Tokura Willian Isao , Mar Gilson Domingos do , Araújo Waldenio Antonio de
Published: November 2018

Nitrogen fertilization provides a great response in pasture productivity and quality but, after applied to the soil, this element undergoes several transformations, what increase its losses. To minimize this problem, a promising alternative currently suggested is diazotrophic bacteria use, which can contribute to a greater use of nitrogen by plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen doses with and without inoculation of seeds with Azospirillum brasilense on the structural characteristics, chemical composition, and mass production of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk. The experimental design was completely randomized, arranged in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, with four replications. Treatments consisted of forage seed inoculation or not with Azospirillum and five nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1). The variables analyzed were plant height, number of tillers, shoot dry mass (SDM), root dry mass (RDM), SDM/RDM ratio, chlorophyll index, nutrient content in forage shoot, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and nitrogen use efficiency. The inoculation of forage seeds with A. brasilense associated with nitrogen doses up to 100 kg ha-1 contributed positively to dry mass, plant-shoot nutrient content and bromatological composition of U. decumbens cv. Basilisk. The inoculation of seeds of U. decumbens cv. Basilisk, with A. brasiliense, is a viable alternative for partial substitution of nitrogen fertilization.
Substrates and Temperatures in the Germination of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Seeds
Authors: Gomes J. J. A. , Bruno R. L. A. , Melo P. A. F. R. de , Alves E. U. , Araújo J. R. G. , Andrade A. P. de , Santos R. N. V. , Mesquita M. L. R. , Mendonça M. C. S. , Barrozo L. M.
Published: November 2018

Vegetable biodiversity in Brazil accounts for almost 67% of the plants on the planet, which are part of studies with focus on determinants of food security and access to adequate and healthy food, while preserving natural resources. Studies indicate that Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is one of the most studied unconventional food crops because of its nutraceutical quality as antioxidant and prevention of hypertension and cancer. Although relevant, substrate and temperature information for seedling production of this species are scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the best substrate and temperature for the vigor and germination test of H. sabdariffa seeds of the Talo Roxo and Rubra varieties. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete design, in a 7 × 5 factorial arrangement, consisting of the combinations of seven substrates (paper towel, filter paper, vermiculite, between sand, on sand, plantmax® and compost) with five temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35 and 20-30 °C), with four replicates with 50 seeds each. The following variables were evaluated: germination, germination speed index, seedling length and dry mass. For germination and vigor tests of Hibiscus sabdariffa var. Talo Roxo seeds the paper roll substrate is recommended at temperatures of 25 or 35 °C and for var. Rubra seeds, plantmax® at 25 °C and plantmax® and vermiculite at temperatures of 25 or 20-30 °C, respectively.
Socio-economic Characteristics and Perception of the Lettuce Consumer
Authors: Rabelo Janiquelle da S. , Lima Patrícia Verônica P. S. , Guimarães Marcelo de A. , Tello Jean Paulo de J. , Hendges Ana Régia A. de A. , Silva Bruno do N. , Neto Benedito P. Lima , Viana Caris dos S.
Published: November 2018

Lettuce is the most consumed leaf vegetable in the world. Knowing the preferences and opinions of consumers of this important vegetable species can not only make the future availability of a better-quality product possible, but also redefine marketing methods and production in the field. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of lettuce consumers based on their socio-economic characteristics. Interviews with consumers were carried out to gather the information. The data found with the research showed that socio-economic characteristics such as gender, schooling, age and income do not significantly influence the perception of the lettuce consumer. The conclusion was therefore, that consumers make up a homogeneous group with similar behaviour patterns, characterising a market that is not very complex and is easily understood and accessed by producers, where there are no niches to be explored nor the need to differentiate the product to meet the needs of specific groups (men and women, young and old, people with more or less education or income).
Probabilistic Modeling of Monthly Temperature Historical Series in Mossoró, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Assis Janilson Pinheiro de , Sousa Roberto Pequeno de , Batista Ben Deivide de Oliveira , Linhares Paulo César Ferreira , Cardoso Eudes de Almeida , Paula José Aluisio de Araújo , Neves Ariana Morais
Published: November 2018

We fitted the following seven distribution probabilities to the data of monthly average temperature in Mossoró, northeastern Brazil: Normal, Log-Normal, Beta, Gamma, Log-Pearson (Type III), Gumbel, and Weibull. To assess the goodness of fit the empirical distributions to the theoretical distribution, we applied the tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Chi-square, Cramer-von Mises, Anderson-Darling, Kuiper, and Logarithm of Maximum Likelihood, at 10% of probability. The temperature series were obtained from 1970 to 2007. The Normal distribution provided the best fit to the historical series of average monthly temperature. Although the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed a very high level of approval, which generated some uncertainty regarding the test criteria, it is the more recommended to studies with approximately symmetric data and small series.
In the News
Authors: Free David
Published: November 2018

Welcome to the November 2018 issue of C&RL News. This month, we feature three articles on different aspects of information literacy (IL) instruction. In this issue’s Perspectives on the Framework column, Kristin E. C. Green writes about introducing framework concepts to novice learners in her article “Meet them in the proximal zone.”
Meet them in the proximal zone: Introducing framework concepts to “novice learners” using reference sources
Authors: Green Kristin E. C.
Published: November 2018

Striving to foster critical thinking and metacognition in relation to information literacy is the penultimate goal of instruction librarians. Yet, all effort to do so is futile if students are not being met in their own proximal zone of development. Within the descriptions, knowledge practices, and dispositions of the frames in the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education,1 the “novice learner” is often referenced and compared to the “expert learner.” So while first-year college students begin their journey into higher education with varied levels of experiences in academic research and writing, many are these novice learners referred to within the Framework. Recognizing, and more importantly, accepting where these students are within their own levels of information literacy development can help to determine how to best scaffold instruction by using appropriate teaching tools and pedagogy.
Is there an app for that? A review of mobile apps for information literacy classes
Authors: Basile Abbie , Matis Sherry
Published: November 2018

Our learners are as varied as the techniques we employ in information literacy classes. There is, however, one facet common to almost all of them, and it’s technology use. Let’s look at some recent numbers from the Pew Research Center. In the 18 to 29 age group, 94% of Americans own a smartphone, that number drops to just to 89% for ages 30 to 49.1 Tablets are also common, with 64% of Gen Xers and 54% of Millennials owning tablets.2 Spending time online also cuts across generations. In a March 2018 study, Pew reported that 77% of Americans go online daily, with 26% of that group stating that they are “almost constantly” online, and 43% noting that they go online several times a day.3