bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved Superelastic NiTi wire for the Treatment of Adult Skeletal Class III Malocclusion in a Surgery-first Case
Authors: YU Jian-hong , Tsai Ya-Yu , Fang Chih-Yu
Published: July 2019

A 19-year-old female came to our department with the chief complaint of facial asymmetry. Clinical examination showed skeletal class III relationship with mandibular prognathism, large reverse overjet, lower right mild crowding, and left hemimandibular elongation. After a thorough discussion with the patient, she accepted the proposal of orthognathic surgery and mandibular setback by bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSRO), and therefore, tooth extraction was performed for 18, 28, 38, and 48 before the surgery. An improved superelastic Ti-Ni alloy wire (ISW wire), developed by Tokyo Medical and Dental University, was then used to facilitate the correction of lower crowding. Involved mechanism included intermaxillary elastics for a better interdigitation and jaw relationships. Adequate overbite and overjet were achieved after treatment completion.

How to cite this article

Fang C-Y, Tsai Y-Y, Yu J-H. Improved Superelastic NiTi wire for the Treatment of Adult Skeletal Class III Malocclusion in a Surgery-first Case. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2016;5(2):133-138.
Innovative Periodontal Surgery by Monocortical Corticotomy in Management of Bimaxillary Protrusion Cases: A Clinical Study
Authors: Panwar Mohinder , Dubey Dhruv , Kosala Manab
Published: July 2019

Periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) is a procedure applying the clinical science of alveolar corticotomy, particulate bone grafting, and the application of orthodontic forces, for accentuated tooth movement. This is theoretically based on the bone healing pattern known as the regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP).

A series of 12 cases, including 8 females and 4 males, were included in the study. The cases were referred from the Department of Orthodontia to the Department of Periodontology, ADC (R&R), having bimaxillary protrusion with an increased overjet. After initial orthodontic alignment, buccal corticotomy procedure was planned. A full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap was reflected from maxillary canine to canine beyond the root apices. Vertical corticotomy cuts were given in the alveolar bone with piezo blades 2 mm apical to the crestal bone in the inter-radicular space midway between the root prominences and were joined by the horizontal cuts apically. Demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) was placed in the surgical area. The flaps were sutured and pack was placed. Orthodontic retraction was started 2 weeks after the corticotomy procedure.

Using this procedure, the treatment objectives were met in just half to one-third of the reported conventional treatment time and the large overjet was reduced to normal. Pre- and posttreatment clinical parameters were recorded, statistically analyzed, and corroborated with similar orthodontic treatment procedures without the use of the corticotomy technique.

The present periodontal (PDL) intervention results in quick and stable results for the correction of bimaxillary protrusion cases. It enhances the esthetics and posttreatment orthodontic stability.

How to cite this article

Panwar M, Dubey D, Kosala M. Innovative Periodontal Surgery by Monocortical Corticotomy in Management of Bimaxillary Protrusion Cases: A Clinical Study. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(2):55-60.
Periodontal Status and Relation with Salivary Total Antioxidant Capacity after Green Tea Consumption in Smokers
Authors: Bakhtiari Sedigheh , Azimi Somayyeh , Mansouri Zahra , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc , Namdari Mahshid
Published: July 2019

Aim

Smoking is a significant source of oxidative stress. Also, the disruption in equilibrium between free-oxygen radicals and antioxidants plays a pivotal role in the progression of periodontal inflammation. Green tea with antioxidant potential might have an effect on periodontal disease. This study evaluated the periodontal status in different groups of smokers compared with nonsmokers and investigates the association with salivary antioxidant levels after a period of green tea consumption.

Materials and methods

In this interventional study, 60 healthy males, including 20 light and 20 heavy cigarette smokers and 20 control nonsmokers, participated. Periodontal status was determined by the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) at the beginning of the study. All participants were asked to consume a total of two cups of green tea (4 gm) per day. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of saliva was measured at baseline and after 21 days. Statistical evaluation was done by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 software.

Results

The Pearson correlation coefficient between CPITN and salivary TAC showed significant correlation in light and heavy smokers (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003 respectively). Changes in salivary TAC from baseline to day 21, after green tea consumption, in subjects with CPITN ≤ 18 were 139 (± 61.5), and 66.16 (± 67.37) in subjects with CPITN > 18. There was a significant interaction effect between time of TAC evaluation and patients' periodontal state (p = 0.009).

Conclusion

This study confirmed the association between periodontal status and smoking, and the association with salivary antioxidant capacity. A significant alteration in TAC of whole saliva in cases with clinical periodontal problems after green tea consumption was indicated.

Clinical significance

Considering the safety and availability of green tea, it can be used as a preventive or supplementary treatment in periodontal problems, especially in smokers, after further investigation.

How to cite this article

Bakhtiari S, Azimi S, Mansouri Z, Kruger E, Tennant M, Namdari M. Periodontal Status and Relation with Salivary Total Antioxidant Capacity after Green Tea Consumption in Smokers. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(2):61-64.
Unique Regurgitant Jet in a Patient with Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: Cronin Brett , Golts Euqene , Pretorius Victor
Published: July 2019

A 37-year-old female with a history of Takayasu arteritis was admitted for repair of a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm with penetrating ulcer and left ventricular outflow track (LVOT) pseudoaneurysm. A unique regurgitant jet was subsequently identified by transesophageal echocardiography after induction of anesthesia and endotracheal intubation.

How to cite this article

Cronin B, Golts E, Pretorius V. Unique Regurgitant Jet in a Patient with Takayasu Arteritis. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2015;3(2):66-67.
Echocardiographic Evaluation and Management of Right Ventricular Dysfunction during Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: Arya VK , Shyam KST
Published: July 2019

Cardiac allotransplantation has, over the years, become the established therapeutic modality for patients with end-stage heart failure. This case report focuses on the anesthetic challenges involved in the perioperative management of recipient with right ventricular dysfunction as well as echocardiographic assessment to assist in therapy.

How to cite this article

Kumar A, Arya VK, Kumar A, Puri GD, Shyam KST, Bahl A. Echocardiographic Evaluation and Management of Right Ventricular Dysfunction during Cardiac Transplantation. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2016;4(1):10-13.
A Combined Interdisciplinary Expertise for the Treatment of Patients with Worn-out Dentition: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Narang Sumit , Shetty Sunaina , Parihar Anuj
Published: July 2019

The gradual wear of the occlusal surfaces of teeth is a normal process during the lifetime of a patient. However, severe occlusal wear can lead to pulpal pathology, occlusal disharmony, impaired function, and esthetic disfigurement. Full mouth rehabilitation is re-establishing a state of functional efficiency in which the teeth and their periodontal structures, the muscles of mastication, and the temporomandibular joint mechanisms all function together in synchronous harmony. Patients with worn out dentition and collapsed occlusion require extensive dental procedure to achieve aesthetics, appropriate function and comfort. This clinical report describes a patient with worn out dentition. Patient underwent interdisciplinary approaches. Endodontic treatment was taken up first so as to take care of all the exposed teeth due to occlusal wear, followed by periodontal rehabilitation for pocket elimination and finally by prosthetic reconstruction.

How to cite this article

Thakur P, Narang S, Narang A, Mangalekar SB, Shetty S, Parihar A. A Combined Interdisciplinary Expertise for the Treatment of Patients with Worn-out Dentition: Report of Two Cases. J Health Sci Res 2015;6(2):47-51.
Report of an unusually Huge Fibroepithelial Polyp managed with Diode Laser
Authors: Kulal Rithesh , Paul Shashwati , Pudukulangara Anuroopa , Sambashivaiah Savita
Published: July 2019

Fibromas are benign tumors that are composed of fibrous connective tissue. Fibroepithelial polyp (FEP) is a histological variant of fibroma that causes esthetic and functional problems. They may arise anywhere in the oral cavity, but are more commonly seen in the gingiva, tongue, and lip. Generally small and painless, they rarely continue to grow and might resemble other malignant lesions. This article reports an unusual case of a huge intraoral FEP that presented as a cauliflower-shaped lesion mimicking other neoplastic lesions. Laser excision was carried out following which histopathological examination revealed it as an inflamed FEP with ulceration.

How to cite this article

Paul S, Pudukulangara A, Kulal R, Sambashivaiah S. Report of an unusually Huge Fibroepithelial Polypmanagedwith Diode Laser. JHealth Sci Res 2015;6(2):52-55.
Reduction Efficacy in Aerosol Production using 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouthwash in Dental Waterlines: A Clinicomicrobiological Study
Authors: Kasagani Suresh K , Rao Aditya G , Ahmed Kafeel , Fatima Ghousia , Tapashetti Roopali
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Aerosol is a suspension of solid or liquid particles containing bacteria or viruses, suspended for at least a few seconds in a gas. The aerosol generated by an ultrasonic scaler contains microorganisms that can penetrate into the body through the respiratory system of dental surgeons and patients. The oral cavity harbors numerous bacteria and viruses from the respiratory tract, dental plaque, and oral fluids. Any dental procedure that has a potential to aerosolize saliva will cause airborne contamination with organisms.

Aim

To evaluate and compare the reduction efficacy in the levels of aerosol production at 1 foot, 5 feet, and 10 feet distance using 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash in dental waterlines.

Materials and methods

This single-center, randomized, two-group parallel design study was conducted over a period of 20 days. Twenty patients with chronic periodontitis were randomly divided into two groups: Test group and control group. Both the group samples were subjected to ultrasonic scaling. In the test group, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash was added in the water dispenser bottle, whereas in the control group, distilled water was used. Blood agar plates were kept at distances of 1 foot, 5 feet, and 10 feet away from the headrest of the dental chair. Blood agar plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 hours, and the total number of colony-forming units (CFUs) was counted and statistically analyzed.

Results

The results of this study revealed that the experimental group showed higher reduction efficacy for aerosol production at 1 foot, 5 feet, and 10 feet distance from the center of the headrest of the dental chair compared with the control group. The results of this study also revealed that the number of CFUs was statistically significant only at 1 foot distance (p = 0.009) from the center of the headrest of the dental chair and not at 5 feet (p = 0.122) and 10 feet (p = 0.507) distances for both the groups.

Conclusion

This present study shows that the patient's chest area at a distance of 1 foot from the center of the headrest of dental chair receives a greater number of microorganisms than that at distances of 5 feet and 10 feet from the headrest of the dental chair. This validates the use of chlorhexidine in the form of an irrigant in dental waterlines as an additional barrier to cross-contamination, minimizing the risk to team members and the patient.

How to cite this article

Kasagani SK, Rao AG, Ahmed K, Fatima G, Tapashetti R. Reduction Efficacy in Aerosol Production using 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouthwash in Dental Waterlines: A Clinicomicrobiological Study. J Health Sci Res 2016;7(1):1-5.
Estimation of Salivary and Serum Calcium Levels in Smokers and Nonsmokers with Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Kasagani Suresh K , Fatima Ghousia , Tapashetti Roopali , Rao Aditya , Rajan Suma
Published: July 2019

Studies in the past investigated the role played by minerals in the etiology and/or progression of periodontal disease for more than four decades. Various host defense factors are present in the saliva. It also influences calculus formation and thus periodontal disease. Recent studies have shown a significant relationship between dietary calcium, serum calcium, and periodontal disease. Smoking marks a major risk factor for both periodontal disease and several systemic diseases. So, the aim of the present study is to estimate salivary and serum calcium levels in smokers and nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis.

Materials and methods

The study comprised 30 subjects, equally divided into three groups of clinically healthy periodontium, nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis, and smokers with chronic periodontitis. Clinical measurements, saliva, and blood samples were obtained. Biochemical analysis for the estimation of calcium was performed. Blood samples were collected through venipuncture method.

Results

Comparison of mean serum calcium between the three groups by analysis of variance showed highly statistically significant difference (F = 23.92, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Smokers with periodontitis exhibited reduced levels of calcium as compared with nonsmokers with periodontitis and the differences were statistically significant.

How to cite this article

Kasagani SK, Rao A, Rajan S, Fatima G, Tapashetti R. Estimation of Salivary and Serum Calcium Levels in Smokers and Nonsmokers with Chronic Periodontitis. J Health Sci Res 2016;7(2):35-37.
Rotary Endodontics or Reciprocating Endodontics: Which is New and Which is True?
Authors: Shubhashini N , Sahu Gourav K , Consul Shivani , Nandakishore KJ , Idris Md
Published: July 2019

In the past, shaping of root canals was done using stainless steel (SS) hand files. The introduction of rotary instrumentation has revolutionized the art and science of endodontic practice in the last decade with predictable success. The rotary files have been subjected to constant evolution in the form of metallurgy, design features, and the manner in which these instruments are driven (rotary/reciprocation), etc., resulting in revolution, both within the canal and in the area of contemporary endodontics. The purpose of this review is to identify publications regarding the evaluation, to present comprehensive and critical summaries of current knowledge, and to provide an update of the rotary and reciprocating concept, which is new and which is true.

How to cite this article

Sahu GK, Consul S, Nandakishore KJ, Shubhashini N, Geeta IB, Idris Md. Rotary Endodontics or Reciprocating Endodontics: Which is New and Which is True? J Health Sci Res 2016;7(2):51-57.
Knowledge, Awareness, and Behavior of Medical and Dental Interns toward Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Patients in Three Colleges of Madhya Pradesh, India: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Tripathi Anjani , Ashok Sahana , Ashok Kodangala P
Published: July 2019

Introduction

India is one of the countries where a large population is affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It destroys the specific immune system cells called CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) cells leading to an advanced condition called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is one of the life-threatening conditions. It is an infectious disease that can affect caregivers as well. These patients need to be treated with compassion and caution. The doctors need to be aware of the various types of infection, their symptoms, and precautions while treating them. Hence, there is a need to evaluate awareness and behavior among the medical and dental interns while dealing with patients suffering from HIV infection/AIDS patients.

Materials and methods

The present cross-sectional survey explored knowledge, awareness, and behavior of medical and dental interns toward HIV-infected/AIDS patients at People's University, Bhopal, India. A questionnaire consisting of 25 questions was given to the interns. A total of 350 interns were included in the study; 250 interns were from People's College of Dental Sciences & Research Centre and People's Dental Academy, Bhopal, India, while 100 interns were from People's College of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India. The collected data were analyzed and subjected to relevant statistics.

Results

Out of 350 questionnaires received, 250 were answered by dental interns and 100 were answered by medical interns. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of percentage knowledge score for dental interns was 76.57 ± 17.67 and for medical interns, it was 83.05 ± 11.04. Median of percentage knowledge score was 84.80 and 86.00 for dental and medical interns respectively. Mann—Whitney U-test showed no significant difference between dental and medical interns for percentage knowledge scores (p > 0.05). The awareness score between the dental and medical interns showed that dental interns (82.34) showed slightly better awareness to the HIV patients than medical interns (81.00), although it was not statistically significant. When the behavior scores were compared between the dental and medical interns, the medical interns showed a higher score (85.4) compared with the dental interns (76.80), which was statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The cross-sectional survey showed that medical students had better knowledge but dental interns had better awareness, though both were statistically not significant.

The medical interns had better behavior score than dental interns, which was statistically significant.

How to cite this article

Ashok KP, Tripathi A, Ashok S. Knowledge, Awareness, and Behavior of Medical and Dental Interns toward Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Patients in Three Colleges of Madhya Pradesh, India: A Cross-sectional Survey. J Health Sci Res 2017;8(2):66-71.
Variations in the Root Morphology of Mandibular Teeth
Authors: Kini Annapurna , Shubhashini Narayanaswamy , Bolbanai Geeta I , Veettil Rasana P
Published: July 2019

Aim

To present two cases of rare morphological variations of mandibular teeth which were successfully treated endodontically.

Background

Variations in root and root canal morphology can be found associated with any tooth with varying degree and incidence. To execute an excellent root canal treatment, the clinician should have thorough knowledge of root canal anatomy.

Case report

Mandibular premolars and canines usually have a single root and single canal. Occurrences of two roots in such teeth are morphological rarities. Endodontic therapy was performed successfully in these rare cases with the help of preoperative radiographs at different angulations.

Conclusion

The root canal system is a complex structure that possesses aberrant anatomical and morphological variations. During endodontic therapy, it is always mandatory to follow the guidelines and laws to understand the complexities of the space that has to be cleaned and obturate.

Clinical significance

Thorough understanding and exploration of the complex root canal system with the help of available diagnostic aids is essential for a successful endodontic therapy.

How to cite this article

Veettil RP, Shubhashini N, Kini A, Bolbanai GI. Variations in the Root Morphology of Mandibular Teeth. J Health Sci Res 2017;8(2):84-88.
Palmoplantar Keratoderma with Periodontitis
Authors: Bhansali Ashok , Mathur Setu , Bhansali Gunjan , Kishan Anuroopa
Published: July 2019

Palmoplantar keratodermas (PPKs) comprise a heterogeneous group of keratinization disorders with hyperkeratotic thickening of palms and soles. The PPKs are distinguished by their mode of inheritance and by the presence of certain associated clinical features. Periodontitis was reported in association with more than one syndrome characterized by PPK. Knowledge about heterogeneous groups of acquired or hereditary PPK is important, leading to an appropriate diagnosis and corrective therapies in the future. This case report aims at critically reviewing the literature concerned with PPK and its clinical presentation, in addition to other syndromes manifested along with periodontitis.

How to cite this article

Bhansali A, Kishan A, Mathur S, Bhansali G. Palmoplantar Keratoderma with Periodontitis. J Health Sci Res 2017;8(2):89-92.
Educação Estatística, cidadania e livros didáticos: o papel do letramento estatístico
Authors: Coutinho Cileda De Queiroz e Silva , Santos Anderson Anzai dos , Giordano Cassio Cristiano
Published: July 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir o papel do livro didático enquanto instrumento de ensino e de aprendizagem associado ao pleno exercício da cidadania dos indivíduos estatisticamente letrados. Consideramos letramento estatístico como elemento fundamental para o bom convívio social, para resolução de problemas cotidianos, para a vida profissional e, sobretudo, para uma ampla e profunda compreensão de nosso tempo. Analisamos o livro didático, considerando a hipótese de que ele não é recurso suficiente para promover o letramento estatístico, tampouco estimula e orienta satisfatoriamente o aluno no desenvolvimento do letramento estatístico. Para tanto, analisamos coleções de livros didáticos aprovadas pelo Ministério da Educação e Cultura (MEC) por meio do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD). Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, mais especificamente uma pesquisa bibliográfica documental. Nosso quadro teórico nesta análise é a Educação Matemática Crítica e a Análise Exploratória de Dados (AED). Pretendemos responder à questão de pesquisa: “Qual o papel do livro didático, no ensino e na aprendizagem da Estatística, para a construção do letramento estatístico enquanto elemento intrínseco ao pleno exercício da cidadania?”
A técnica de Polya: uma atividade contextualizada sobre função exponencial envolvendo o uso de contraceptivos
Authors: Aguiar Rogério De , Macalós Larissa Vieira , Lima Jeferson Moizés
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho tem como finalidade apresentar uma atividade de ensino desenvolvida em oito turmas do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio de duas escolas distintas. A atividade aplicada envolveu o conteúdo de função exponencial decrescente utilizando a técnica de resolução de problemas proposta por Polya. Para a introdução do conteúdo foi proposto um questionamento que levou os alunos a refletirem sobre o uso da pílula anticoncepcional como método contraceptivo. Os alunos foram questionados sobre o tempo de ação do medicamento no organismo humano e foi promovido um debate sobre o assunto. Após o debate, foi apresentado um problema contextualizado envolvendo a absorção de anticoncepcional pelo organismo humano e em seguida foi proposto aos alunos que elaborassem uma estratégia de resolução deste problema e analisassem os dados. Para a socialização das conclusões obtidas pelos alunos foi utilizado o software Geogebra para exibir os gráficos das funções e utilizados aplicativos para criação/manipulação de imagens para apresentação do trabalho desenvolvido em sala de aula à comunidade escolar. A proposta de Polya para a resolução de um problema contextualizado envolvendo o conteúdo de função exponencial motivou os estudantes a se envolverem na tarefa proposta em sala de aula.
Cyberformação e o design de atividades-matemáticas: cultura, contextos e horizontes que se desvelam
Authors: Mussato Solange , Rosa Maurício
Published: July 2019

O objetivo desse artigo foi compreender, em termos de dimensão pedagógica, no que uma concepção de formação com professores de matemática que defende o trabalho com Tecnologias Digitais, de modo que essas sejam partícipes da produção do conhecimento matemático, progride quando há o desenvolvimento de atividades-matemáticas-com-TD vinculadas a contextos culturais. Isso foi discutido a partir de teóricos que estudam a concepção de Cyberformação e de outros que refletem sobre a inserção de contextos culturais na Educação. Assim, foi proposto um curso de extensão a distância para professores de matemática provenientes de diferentes contextos culturais, no qual esses desenvolveram atividades-matemáticas-com-TD, correlacionando-as a esses contextos. A análise realizada nos possibilitou evidenciar uma “matemática não planejada” como uma das facetas do horizonte que se desvelou à dimensão pedagógica da concepção da Cyberformação. Essa, se mostrou em função do professor se propor a desenhar atividades considerando aspectos de contextos culturais, possibilitando a seus alunos se lançarem a essa “matemática não planejada”, de modo a romper com a reprodução de atividades prontas, muitas vezes, coletadas em livros didáticos que se referem a grandes centros, o que não contribui com a produção do conhecimento com um sentido próprio atribuído à matemática estudada.
Missões da Companhia de Jesus na Índia: uma leitura sobre o período de Francisco Xavier (1542-1552)
Authors: Borges Felipe Augusto Fernandes , Costa Célio Juvenal , Menezes Sezinando Luiz
Published: July 2019

Este artigo trata da trajetória e do trabalho do padre Francisco Xavier, primeiro jesuíta a chegar à Índia sob as missões do Padroado Português. O objetivo do texto é apresentar estratégias e ações capitaneadas por Xavier no Oriente, mostrando que tais ações, comunicadas por cartas aos demais membros da Companhia de Jesus, influenciaram a formação dos métodos gerais de trabalho da nascente ordem. As fontes usadas são as Obras completas de São Francisco Xavier, organizadas pelo jesuíta Francisco de Sales Baptista. O recorte temporal abrange o período entre 1542, com a chegada de Xavier a Goa, até 1552, ano de sua morte. Concluímos que aquilo que, no período delimitado, Xavier pôs em prática foi, consequentemente, acompanhado por seus seguidores, bem como lido e praticado por outros tantos membros da Companhia de Jesus em outras missões.
Prelúdios literários de Lima Barreto (1881-1922)
Authors: Azevedo Neto Joachin
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar textos pouco conhecidos e até inéditos do escritor Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto. Por meio de pesquisas nos arquivos da Fundação Biblioteca Nacional, foi possível encontrar manuscritos nos quais o autor remete a episódios que fizeram parte da sua formação intelectual e crônicas assinadas com os pseudônimos de Philéas Fogg e S. Holmes que circularam na revista Fon-Fon, órgão de destaque na imprensa carioca do começo do século XX. Desse modo, busca-se aqui também compreender as implicações históricas das polêmicas entre os intelectuais da Belle Époque tropical.
Sustentabilidad: Del concepto a la percepción en cafetaleros orgánicos de la Sierra Madre de Chiapas
Authors: Uribe Yair Merlín , González Cabañas Alma Amalia , Soto-Pinto Lorena , Contreras-Hernández Armando , Herrera Obeimar B.
Published: July 2019

Las organizaciones cafetaleras y la caficultura orgánica constituyen espacios en los cuales se da el proceso de construcción de la sustentabilidad en el contexto campesino. El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar las variables estructurales que limitan o potencian las aspiraciones de vida de caficultores orgánicos de la Sierra Madre de Chiapas. Se realizó un taller participativo con mujeres y hombres de tres grupos etarios. Los caficultores perciben que los conflictos para sus aspiraciones de vida son las políticas públicas desfavorables y la pérdida de conocimientos en la caficultura, mismas que ejercen alta influencia sobre la salud de la familia, la migración y la disponibilidad de recursos económicos para actividades productivas. Las fortalezas y debilidades son observadas de forma distinta; los hombres perciben en la organización un espacio para desarrollar sus potencialidades, las mujeres se enfocan en la comunidad y el hogar.
Laboratory and field evaluation of the Aerosol Dynamics Inc. concentrator (ADIc) for aerosol mass spectrometry
Authors: Saarikoski Sanna , Williams Leah R. , Spielman Steven R. , Lewis Gregory S. , Eiguren-Fernandez Arantzazu , Aurela Minna , Hering Susanne V. , Teinilä Kimmo , Croteau Philip , Jayne John T. , Hohaus Thorsten , Worsnop Douglas R. , Timonen Hilkka
Published: July 2019

Abstract. An air-to-air ultrafine particle concentrator (Aerosol Dynamics Inc.
concentrator; ADIc) has been designed to enhance online chemical
characterization of ambient aerosols using aerosol mass spectrometry. The ADIc
employs a three-stage, moderated water-based condensation growth tube
coupled to an aerodynamic focusing nozzle to concentrate fine particles into
a portion of the flow. The system can be configured to sample between
1.0 and 1.7 L min−1, with an output concentrated flow between 0.08 and 0.12 L min−1, resulting in a theoretical concentration factor (sample
flow / output flow) ranging from 8 to 21. Laboratory tests with monodisperse
particles show that the ADIc is effective for particles as small as 10 nm.
Laboratory experiments conducted with the Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS)
showed no shift in the particle size with the ADIc, as measured by the AMS
particle time-of-flight operation. The ADIc-AMS system was operated unattended over a
1-month period near Boston, Massachusetts. Comparison to a parallel AMS
without the concentrator showed concentration factors of 9.7±0.15
and 9.1±0.1 for sulfate and nitrate, respectively, when operated
with a theoretical concentration factor of 10.5±0.3. The
concentration factor of organics was lower, possibly due to the presence of
large particles from nearby road-paving operations and a difference in
aerodynamic lens cutoff between the two AMS instruments. Another field
deployment was carried out in Helsinki, Finland. Two ∼10 d
measurement periods showed good correlation for the concentrations of
organics, sulfate, nitrate and ammonium measured with an Aerosol Chemical
Speciation Monitor (ACSM) with the ADIc and a parallel AMS without the
concentrator. Additional experiments with an AMS alternating between the
ADIc and a bypass line demonstrated that the concentrator did not
significantly change the size distribution or the chemistry of the ambient
aerosol particles.
Estimation of westward auroral electrojet current with magnetometer chain data
Authors: Evdokimova Marina A. , Petrukovich Anatoli A.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We investigate one-dimensional models of westward substorm electrojet, using magnetic field observations along a meridian chain. We review two linear models of Kotikov et al. (1987) and Popov et al. (2001) with the large number of elementary currents at fixed positions. They can be applied to a magnetometer chain with many magnetic stations. A new nonlinear method with one current element is designed for the cases with small number of stations. We illustrate performance of these methods using data from IMAGE and Yamal Peninsula stations. Several corrective measures are proposed to account for unphysical solutions or local extrema of the optimized functions. We also advertize a generic maximum likelyhood approach to a problem, usable for any empiric model.
Characterization of event water fractions and transit times under typhoon rainstorms in fractured mountainous catchments: Implications for time-variant parameterization
Authors: Lee Jun-Yi , Shih Yu-Ting , Lan Chiao-Ying , Lee Tsung-Yu , Peng Tsung-Ren , Lee Cheing-Tung , Huang Jr-Chuan
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Transit time with its indicative significance in regulating rainfall-runoff mechanism is a key factor for understanding many biogeochemical processes, but is rarely investigated in steep and fractured mountainous catchments. Mountainous catchments in Taiwan are characterized by active endogenic tectonics and exogenic typhoons and thus provide opportunities to explore the hydrodynamic systems over time. In this study, the hydrometrics and δ18O in rain and stream water were sampled by ~ 3-hour interval for six typhoon events in two mesoscale catchments. The TRANSEP (transfer function hydrograph separation model) and global sensitivity analysis was applied for estimating mean transit time (MTTew) and fraction (Few) of event water and identifying the chronosequent parameter sensitivity. Results show that TRANSEP could satisfactorily simulate the streamflow and δ18O change with the efficiency coefficients of from 0.85 to 0.97 and from 0.61 to 0.99, respectively. The MTTew and Few varied from 2 to 11 h and from 0.2 to 0.8, respectively. Our MTTew in the meso-scale catchments is similar with that in micro-scale catchments, showing a fast transfer in our steep catchments. The mean rainfall intensity which negatively controls on the MTTew and positively on the Few is a predominant indicator which likely activates preferential flow paths and quickly transfers event water to the stream. Sensitivity analysis among inter- and intra-events suggested that parameter sensitivity is event-depend and time-variant, affirming a nonlinear behavior in event water transfer function and time-variant parameterization should be particularly considered when estimating the MTTew in steep and fractured catchments.
Technical Note: Improved mathematical representation of
concentration-discharge relationships
Authors: Tunqui Neira José Manuel , Andréassian Vazken , Tallec Gaëlle , Mouchel Jean-Marie
Published: July 2019

Abstract. This Technical Note deals with the mathematical representation of concentration-discharge relationships and with the identification of its parameters. We propose a two-sided power transformation alternative to the classical log-log transformation, and a multicriterion identification procedure allowing determining parameters that are efficient, both from the concentration and the load points of view.
Disease Mapping and Spatial Landscape Characterization of Tuberculosis Ecology in Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Rasam Abdul Rauf , Mohd Shariff Noresah
Published: July 2019

Abstract. This paper analyses the pattern distribution and influential risk factors of tuberculosis (TB) at 47 Sections of Shah Alam, Malaysia using spatial epidemiological (SE) approach. Quantifying environmental risk factors of the disease pattern can be a challenging task due to spatial environmental and transmission process, whereby each area may have its own unique risk factors and dynamics. A conceptual framework of spatial epidemiological data analysis (Pfieffer et al. 2008), and geographical information system (GIS) method (Chang 2011) are mainly adapted in this research method. Disease mapping of the 3-year datasets (2013 to 2015) was created using GIS analysis and satellite remote sensed land used in identifying the clustering areas of TB pattern. Meanwhile, the potential risk factors of TB in the clustering areas were assessed using spatial landscape ecology through site observation.Figure 1 shows the spatial pattern of TB cases in the study area as a random medium, revealing that TB distribution is well distributed in the area. However, there is also some clustering concentration at the northern zone (Section U17 to Section U20) and some in U5 and U13, while in the central zone, the majority cases are concentrated at Section S7, S17, S18, S19 and S24. Section S27 and S28 are also indicated as high-case areas in the southern zone. It is interesting to note that in the recent years (2015), the disease was a little dispersed and scattered to the northern area especially in U13, U10, U15 and U17 due to the new township area, physical development and human mobility (Nava-Aguilera et al., 2011; Prussing et al., 2013). Furthermore, every zone or section may have its own risk factors; hence, there is a need for specific investigation to be conducted in a smaller area.
Workflow for 3D geovisualization of the data obtained with the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Augmented Reality
Authors: Halik Łukasz , Smaczyński Maciej , Medyńska-Gulij Beata
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The attempt to work out the geomatic workflow of transforming low-level aerial imagery obtained with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) into a digital terrain model (DTM) and implementing the 3D model into the augmented reality (AR) system constitutes the main problem discussed in this article. The authors suggest the following workflow demonstrated in Fig. 1.The series of pictures obtained by means of UAV equipped with a HD camera was the source of data to be worked out in the final stage of the geovisualization. The series was then processed and a few point clouds were isolated from it, being later used for generating test 3D models.The practical aim of the research conducted was to work out, on the basis of the UAV pictures, the 3D geovisualization in the AR system that would depict the heap of the natural aggregate of irregular shape. The subsequent aim was to verify the accuracy of the produced 3D model. The object of the study was a natural aggregate heap of irregular shape and denivelations up to 11 meters.Based on the obtained photos, three point clouds (varying in the level of detail) were generated for the 20 000-meter-square area. The several-centimeter differences observed between the control points in the field and the ones from the model might corroborate the usefulness of the described algorithm for creating large-scale DTMs for engineering purposes. The method of transformation of pictures into the point cloud that was subsequently transformed into 3D models was employed in the research, resulting in the scheme depicting the technological sequence of the creation of 3D geovisualization worked out in the AR system. The geovisualization can be viewed thanks to a specially worked out mobile application for smartphones.
Detecting Cooling Effect of Landscape Composition and Configuration: An Urban Heat Island Study on Hangzhou
Authors: Hou Hao , Estoque Ronald C.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Global warming is widely regarded as one of the most critical environmental issue in the 21st century. It is known to exacerbate urban heat island effects, a phenomenon that could affect the livability of cities and the lives and comfort of more than half of the world population who are now living in urban areas. The issue on how to mitigate the impacts of this phenomenon and help urban dwellers adapt to it, has been, and continues to be, an important topic in the context of landscape design and urban planning. This study sought to examine the cooling effects of different land cover types from the perspectives of landscape composition and configuration. Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS data was employed to derive both landscape composition and land surface temperature (Figure 1). The objectives of this study are to: (1) detect the spatial pattern of LST in Hangzhou; (2) examine the cooling effect of land cover resources; and (3) understand the correlation between LST and land cover from the perspectives of composition and configuration. Its goal is to reflect on optimal landscape patterns from the perspective of mitigating UHI effects and building more comfortable and livable urban environments. Various spatial and statistical approaches, including urban-rural gradient, grid-based, landscape metrics, and scatter plot, were employed to analyze the derived land cover and land surface temperature (LST) maps. An urban-rural gradient analysis was performed to examine the difference in LST between the urban and rural areas. First, we created a multiple ring buffer zone from the city center of Hangzhou with a distance interval of 1 km. Second, we determined the mean LST and the density of all the land cover types (LCTs) in each ring buffer zone. Finally, the results were plotted along the urban-rural gradient for analysis (Figure 2). The results showed that forest and water were the cooling land cover types in Hangzhou during daytime. The heat core in Hangzhou was situated close to the central business district and the variance in LST in urban and rural recorded at 2.94 °C. The correlation of forest density with mean LST could be detected in both large (690 m) and small (210 m) grids, whereas the correlation of water density with mean LST was only observed in small grids. In general, forest with high aggregation and complex shape behave best in cooling LST while huge and complete water bodies had better cooling effect than scattered water patches. Besides, the minimum cooling scale of forest and water were 150 m and 120 m, respectively. The findings were considered valuable for urban planners to spatially and architecturally build and arrange the cooling land cover resources, eventually to fulfill the Chinese government’s new plan of building “livable cities”.
Geo-visualization of antibiotic resistance based on web map service
Authors: Hwang Taekeon , Kim Kangmin , Hwang Chul-Sue , Cha Chang-Jun
Published: July 2019

Abstract. An antibiotic resistance is a serious problem on health and humanity. Our human society needs to understand the threat of antibiotic resistance. To geo-visualize the location, biotic information and spatial pattern of antibiotic resistance matters is an effective way for intuitive findings. We focused on the antibiotic resistance issue of Han-river in South Korea and analyzed their spread, as well as range of influence.We developed the geo-database of antibiotic resistance matters and represented spatial information based on WMS (Web Map Service) which is adjusted to OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) specifications. We designed correlated data schema structure of antibiotic matters, degrees of resistance, water quality and location of the sampled points on the river. Our WMS system followed the open source architecture and Q-GIS to make geo-server. This system was organized server-client structure.As for antibiotic resistance map on our WMS system, we illustrated the infographics and related tables of many kinds of information about antibiotic resistance. The WMS system represented simple spatial information, temporal variation of antibiotic resistance and degrees of correlation between antibiotic resistance and human activities such as emissions of antibiotic resistance matters on hospital or pharmacy. We also considered domestic sewage discharged into river through sewage processing facilities.This system will be contributed to reducing social cost and economic loss caused by antibiotic resistance spreads. These web maps will provide users with correct information on threat of antibiotic resistance.
Streetcar Passenger Flow Maps in Old Tokyo City in 1930
Authors: Ishikawa Kazuki , Nakayama Daichi
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In recent years, we can easily get various data of human mobility. Based on these data, there are many studies about human mobility all over the world. In Japan, Person Trip (PT) survey has been carried out once a decade after 1960s. With the use of PT data, we can grasp people’s flow, however, it is difficult to get such data in the modern era. In old Tokyo city, some traffic surveys were carried out by municipality. These data are limited, however, it is possible to figure out the people’s flow in the modern era by digitizing and making maps from historical documents of these surveys. The purpose of this study is to make and analyse streetcar passenger flow maps in old Tokyo city by using origin-destination (OD) data acquired through the survey conducted in 1930.We used the OD flow data of the streetcar passenger acquired by old Tokyo city on Tuesday, June 10th, 1930. The study area was in the centre of present Tokyo 23 wards. Although the streetcars no longer exist except for one line at present, there were a lot of routes in the city in 1930. The streetcars were the important transportation for people living inside and outside the city.To make OD flow map, we first made digital data of the OD matrix of the passengers from historical documents of the survey. There were about 400 stops, however, some adjacent stops were aggregated to save space of the document. Therefore, the OD matrix were 289 by 289. In addition, we created GIS data of streetcar’s network based on old maps and historical documents. The aggregated stops were created in a midpoint of original stops. After that, we made the OD flow map by using the visualizing method described by Wood, Dykes, & Slingsby (2010).Figure 1 shows OD flow map of streetcar passenger in 1930. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1) There were many people who went to the direction of Tokyo station(E6), Nihonbashi(E7), and Ginza(F6) from the entire area of the city. These areas have been a centre of commerce since pre-modern era, being crowded with shoppers, tourists and workers. Particularly, there were many commuters around Tokyo station because it had many office buildings. 2) There were many people who used the terminal stations located outside the city. These stations such as Shinjuku(D1) and Shibuya(G1) have been nodal points of other railways in the western part of Tokyo. This result showed that the people moved to the suburb of Tokyo after the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923. 3) The movements from the west of the city to the centre of Tokyo were longer than those from the east of the city, because the western area had the restrictive land uses such as high class residential area and military reservation which covered a vast area of the western part of the city. In contrast, the old urban area extended to the eastern part of the city since that era.