bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacteriological assessments of foodborne pathogens in poultry meat at different super shops in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Jalal , Hossain Khaled , Hossain Saddam , Saha Karabi , Jubyda Fatema Tuz , Haque Razoanul , Billah Baki , Talukder Ali Azam , Parvez Anowar Khasru , Dey Shuvra Kanti
Published: March 2019

Poultry is now considered as a major fast-growing source of meat in the world. The consumers demand safe and hygienic products without contamination with pathogenic microorganisms when the production and consumption of poultry meat is gradually increasing. The present study was conducted to assess the bacterial contamination of dressed chicken collected from different supershops in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The chicken samples from S1, S2, M1, M2 and A supershops were analyzed to determine the enteropathogenic bacteria in poultry meat. Three genera of bacteria were isolated from all of the chicken meat samples. These enteropathogens from various organs of dressing chickens were also enumerated. The isolates were presumptively identified as E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp. by conventional culture method. The three enteropathogens were subjected to PCR assay for their confirmation as virulent enteropathogens. Only E. coli isolates were confirmed as pathogenic E. coli (Enterotoxigenic), other isolates were not confirmed as virulent Salmonella spp., Shigella spp.. Results of this study demonstrated that more cautions are recommended for personnel hygiene in processing and handling of poultry and poultry products to prevent occurrence of enterotoxigenic E. coli in dressed poultry meat sold by the supershops in Bangladesh.
Physical capital, total factor productivity, and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Garzarelli Giampaolo , Limam Yasmina Rim
Published: March 2019

Background: A major question that received the attention of numerous theoretical and empirical studies during the past few decades relates to the issue of output growth decomposition and the sources of economic growth. The literature focuses on two sources of growth: factor accumulation (mainly physical capital) and total factor productivity (TFP) growth, presenting inconclusive results as to the relative importance of each.Aim: This article investigates the relative importance of physical capital accumulation and TFP in explaining output growth in 36 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over 1996–2014. The possibility of TFP-induced input effects is tested in order to better assess the role of TFP in total output growth.Setting: 36 SSA countries over the period 1996–2014.Method: The article uses a stochastic frontier analysis, an empirical methodology that decomposes total output growth into input growth, technological change and technical efficiency change.Results: The contribution of physical capital to total growth exceeds that of TFP in 22 out of the 36 countries. The result withstands issues of TFP-induced effects on inputs.Conclusion: A large share of growth in SSA is explained by factor inputs and not by TFP. There is therefore room for TFP to further increase growth in SSA. In order to create more opportunities for growth, SSA countries ought to invest in productivity-enhancing factors.
Конечнозонный подход в периодической задаче Коши для аномальных волн в нелинейном уравнении Шрeдингера при наличии нескольких неустойчивых мод
Authors: Grinevich Petr Georgievich , Santini Paolo Maria
Published: March 2019

Фокусирующее нелинейное уравнение Шрeдингера (НУШ) является простейшей универсальной моделью для описания модуляционной неустойчивости квазимонохроматических волн в слабо нелинейных средах, которая, в свою очередь, рассматривается как основной механизм появления аномальных волн (АВ) в природе. В данной работе мы исследуем, используя конечнозонный подход, задачу Коши для НУШ для начального поля, представляющего собой общее периодическое возмущение нестабильного постоянного фона (которую мы называем задачей Коши для АВ), в ситуации, когда имеется несколько неустойчивых мод. Нами показано, что конечнозонный подход адаптируется к данной задаче применением трех упрощающих шагов, что позволяет построить решение в главном порядке в терминах элементарных функций от начальных данных. Точнее, нами показано, что в главном порядке: (i) по начальным данным строится разбиение оси времени на систему конечных интервалов; (ii) на каждом интервале $I$ из этого разбиения только подмножество из ${\mathscr N}(I)\leqslant N$ неустойчивых мод является "видимым"; (iii) решение НУШ для $t\in I$ приближается ${\mathscr N}(I)$-солитонным решением ахмедиевского типа, описывающим нелинейное взаимодействие "видимых" неустойчивых мод, параметры которого также выражаются через начальные данные в элементарных функциях. Эти результаты объясняют, почему $m$-солитонные решения ахмедиевского типа с $m\leqslant N$ естественно возникают при решении общей периодической задачи Коши для АВ с конечным числом неустойчивых мод.
Библиография: 118 названий.
Development of a Tool for Health Screening and Assessment in Orphanages in Lesotho
Authors: Keating Elizabeth M. , Sanders Jill , Ngo Katherine , Mohapi Edith Q. , Mandalakas Anna M.
Published: March 2019

In low- and middle-income countries that have high burdens of disease, simple interventions such as health screenings can have a significant impact on health outcomes. Among vulnerable children, orphans in particular, deaths are often caused by conditions preventable through early identification and provision of basic health and nutritional needs. After consulting local preventative care guidelines and medical providers, a health screening tool for use in orphanages was created. This tool was used to screen children in two orphanages in Lesotho. Overall, the tool was found to be easy, efficient, and valuable in identifying both preventable and immediately treatable conditions in orphans. As a result, orphans with long-term medical needs were linked to community-based providers by developing individualized care plans in collaboration with orphanage colleagues. This preventative tool offers a screening strategy that directly aligns with the United Nations Agency for Development’s Sustainable Development Goals and helps to advance the goal of universal health coverage.
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome as a Cause of Acute Diarrhea
Authors: Kim Hyun Kuk , Chung Jong-Hoon , Kim Dong-Min , Yun Na-Ra , Kim Choon-Mee , Jalal Sehrish
Published: March 2019

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a febrile disorder caused in Korea by the Hantaan and Seoul viruses. Its characteristic clinical manifestations include fever, hemorrhage, and renal failure, but a primary presentation with acute infectious diarrhea is rare. Owing to decreased urine output and renal function, a 54-year-old patient was transferred to our hospital from a local clinic, where he had been receiving treatment for diarrhea occurring more than 10 times a day. The patient was treated in the Gastroenterology Department at our hospital for acute renal failure secondary to inflammatory diarrhea based on the findings of stool leukocytes. An immunofluorescent antibody assay showed a 4-fold increase in the acute-phase antibody titer to Hantavirus during recovery. A nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) assay of plasma yielded negative results, but Hantaan virus positivity was confirmed on an RT-nPCR assay of the buffy coat. Another 60-year-old patient with watery diarrhea was treated conservatively for suspected infectious diarrhea. However, an immunofluorescent antibody assay showed a 4-fold increase in the acute-phase HFRS antibody titer. RT-nPCR using plasma yielded negative results, but Seoul virus was detected on an RT-nPCR buffy coat assay, confirming the diagnosis of HFRS. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome can present with gastrointestinal symptoms such as acute diarrhea alone. This report highlights the importance of considering HFRS in the differential diagnosis of patients with acute diarrhea and the need for additional research on the usefulness of the buffy coat in the PCR diagnosis of HFRS.
Transport of aerosols over the French Riviera – link between ground-based lidar and spaceborne observations
Authors: Chazette Patrick , Totems Julien , Shang Xiaoxia
Published: March 2019

Abstract. For the first time, a 355 nm backscatter N2-Raman
lidar has been deployed on the western part of the French Riviera to
investigate the vertical aerosol structure in the troposphere. This lidar
system, based at the AERONET site of Toulon–La Garde, performed continuous
measurements from 24 June to 17 July 2014, within the framework of the
multidisciplinary program Mediterranean Integrated Studies at the Regional
and Local Scales (MISTRALS). By coupling these observations with those of
the spaceborne instruments Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization
(CALIOP), Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI), and
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS), the spatial extents
of the aerosol structures are investigated. The origins of the aerosol
plumes are determined using back trajectories computed by the Hybrid Single
Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT). This synergy allowed us to
highlight plumes of particulate pollutants moving in the low and medium free
troposphere (up to ∼5 km above the mean sea level) towards
the French Riviera. This pollution originates from the Spanish coast,
more particularly from Costa Blanca (including Murcia) and Costa Brava–Costa
Daurada (including Barcelona). It is mainly due to traffic, but also to
petrochemical activities in these two regions. Desert aerosol plumes were
also sampled by the lidar. The sources of desert aerosols have been
identified as the Grand Erg Occidental and Grand Erg Oriental. During desert
dust events, we highlight significant differences in the optical
characteristics in terms of the backscatter-to-extinction ratio (BER, inverse
of the lidar ratio) between the planetary boundary layer, with 0.024 sr−1
(∼42 sr), and the free troposphere, with 0.031 sr−1 (∼32 sr). These differences are greatly reduced in
the case of pollution aerosol plume transport in the free troposphere (i.e.,
0.021 and 0.025 sr−1). Transported pollution aerosols appear to
have
similar BER to what is emitted locally. Moreover, using the correlation
matrix between lidar aerosol extinction profiles as a function of altitude,
we find that during transport events in the low free troposphere, aerosols
may be transferred into the planetary boundary layer. We also note that the
relative humidity, which is generally higher in the planetary boundary layer
(>80 %), is found to have no significant effect on the BER.
In situ measurements of trace gases, PM, and aerosol optical properties during the 2017 NW US wildfire smoke event
Authors: Selimovic Vanessa , Yokelson Robert J. , McMeeking Gavin R. , Coefield Sarah
Published: March 2019

Abstract. In mid-August through mid-September of 2017 a major wildfire smoke and haze
episode strongly impacted most of the NW US and SW Canada. During this period
our ground-based site in Missoula, Montana, experienced heavy smoke impacts
for ∼ 500 h (up to 471 µg m−3 hourly average
PM2.5). We measured wildfire trace gases, PM2.5 (particulate matter
≤2.5 µm in diameter), and black carbon and submicron aerosol
scattering and absorption at 870 and 401 nm. This may be the most extensive
real-time data for these wildfire smoke properties to date. Our range of
trace gas ratios for ΔNH3∕ΔCO and ΔC2H4∕ΔCO confirmed that the smoke from mixed, multiple sources
varied in age from ∼ 2–3 h to ∼ 1–2 days. Our study-average
ΔCH4∕ΔCO ratio (0.166±0.088) indicated a large
contribution to the regional burden from inefficient smoldering combustion.
Our ΔBC∕ΔCO ratio (0.0012±0.0005) for our ground
site was moderately lower than observed in aircraft studies (∼ 0.0015)
to date, also consistent with a relatively larger contribution from
smoldering combustion. Our ΔBC∕ΔPM2.5 ratio (0.0095±0.0003) was consistent with the overwhelmingly non-BC (black carbon),
mostly organic nature of the smoke observed in airborne studies of wildfire
smoke to date. Smoldering combustion is usually associated with enhanced PM
emissions, but our ΔPM2.5∕ΔCO ratio (0.126±0.002)
was about half the ΔPM1.0∕ΔCO measured in fresh
wildfire smoke from aircraft (∼ 0.266). Assuming PM2.5 is
dominated by PM1, this suggests that aerosol evaporation, at least near
the surface, can often reduce PM loading and its atmospheric/air-quality
impacts on the timescale of several days. Much of the smoke was emitted late
in the day, suggesting that nighttime processing would be important in the
early evolution of smoke. The diurnal trends show brown carbon (BrC),
PM2.5, and CO peaking in the early morning and BC peaking in the early
evening. Over the course of 1 month, the average single scattering albedo for
individual smoke peaks at 870 nm increased from ∼ 0.9 to ∼ 0.96.
Bscat401∕Bscat870 was used as a proxy for the size and
“photochemical age” of the smoke particles, with this interpretation being
supported by the simultaneously observed ratios of reactive trace gases to
CO. The size and age proxy implied that the Ångström absorption
exponent decreased significantly after about 10 h of daytime smoke aging,
consistent with the only airborne measurement of the BrC lifetime in an
isolated plume. However, our results clearly show that non-BC absorption can
be important in “typical” regional haze and moderately aged smoke, with BrC
ostensibly accounting for about half the absorption at 401 nm on average for
our entire data set.
Swarm field-aligned currents during a severe magnetic storm of
September 2017
Authors: Lukianova Renata
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Swarm satellites observations are used to characterize the extreme behavior of large- and small-scale field-aligned currents (FACs) during the severe magnetic storm of September 2017. Evolution of the current intensities and the equatorward displacement of FACs are analyzed while the satellites cross the pre-midnight, pre-noon, dusk and dawn sectors in both hemispheres. The equatorward boundaries of FACs mainly follow the dynamics of ring current (as monitored in terms of the SYM-H index). The minimum latitude of the FAC boundaries is limited to 50° MLat, below which saturation occurs. The FAC densities are very variable and may increase dramatically, especially in the nightside ionosphere during the storm-time substorms. At the peak of substorm, the average FAC densities reach 3 μA/m2, while the quite level is below 0.1 μA/m2. The dawn–dusk asymmetry is manifested in the enhanced dusk-side R2 FACs in both hemispheres. Filamentary high-density structures are always observed confirming that a substantial fraction of R1/R2 FACs is composed of many small-scale currents. In the pre-noon sector, the bipolar structures (7.5 km width FACs of opposite polarities adjacent to each other) dominate, while in the post-midnight sector the upward and downward FACs tend to form more latitudinally extended structures of a certain polarity. The most intense small-scale FACs (up to ~80 μA/m2) is observed just in the post-midnight sector. Simultaneous magnetic and plasma perturbations indicate that this structure is likely a current system of a mesoscale auroral arc.
Empirical estimate of the signal content of Holocene temperature proxy records
Authors: Reschke Maria , Rehfeld Kira , Laepple Thomas
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Proxy records from climate archives provide evidence about past climate changes, but the recorded signal is affected by non-climate-related effects as well as time uncertainty. As proxy-based climate reconstructions are frequently used to test climate models and to quantitatively infer past climate, we need to improve our understanding of the proxy record signal content as well as the uncertainties involved. In this study, we empirically estimate signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of temperature proxy records used in global compilations of the middle to late Holocene (last 6000 years). This is achieved through a comparison of the correlation of proxy time series from nearby sites of three compilations and model time series extracted at the proxy sites from two transient climate model simulations: a Holocene simulation of the ECHAM5/MPI-OM model and the Holocene part of the TraCE-21ka simulation. In all comparisons, we found the mean correlations of the proxy time series on centennial to millennial timescales to be low (R<0.2), even for nearby sites, which resulted in low SNR estimates. The estimated SNRs depend on the assumed time uncertainty of the proxy records, the timescale analysed, and the model simulation used. Using the spatial correlation structure of the ECHAM5/MPI-OM simulation, the estimated SNRs on centennial timescales ranged from 0.05 – assuming no time uncertainty – to 0.5 for a time uncertainty of 400 years. On millennial timescales, the estimated SNRs were generally higher. Use of the TraCE-21ka correlation structure generally resulted in lower SNR estimates than for ECHAM5/MPI-OM. As the number of available high-resolution proxy records continues to grow, a more detailed analysis of the signal content of specific proxy types should become feasible in the near future. The estimated low signal content of Holocene temperature compilations should caution against over-interpretation of these multi-proxy and multisite syntheses until further studies are able to facilitate a better characterisation of the signal content in paleoclimate records.
Autonomous seawater pCO2 and pH time series from 40 surface buoys and the emergence of anthropogenic trends
Authors: Sutton Adrienne J. , Feely Richard A. , Maenner-Jones Stacy , Musielwicz Sylvia , Osborne John , Dietrich Colin , Monacci Natalie , Cross Jessica , Bott Randy , Kozyr Alex , Andersson Andreas J. , Bates Nicholas R. , Cai Wei-Jun , Cronin Meghan F. , De Carlo Eric H. , Hales Burke , Howden Stephan D. , Lee Charity M. , Manzello Derek P. , McPhaden Michael J. , Meléndez Melissa , Mickett John B. , Newton Jan A. , Noakes Scott E. , Noh Jae Hoon , Olafsdottir Solveig R. , Salisbury Joseph E. , Send Uwe , Trull Thomas W. , Vandemark Douglas C. , Weller Robert A.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Ship-based time series, some now approaching over 3 decades long, are critical climate records that have dramatically improved our ability to characterize natural and anthropogenic drivers of ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake and biogeochemical processes. Advancements in autonomous marine carbon sensors and technologies over the last 2 decades have led to the expansion of observations at fixed time series sites, thereby improving the capability of characterizing sub-seasonal variability in the ocean. Here, we present a data product of 40 individual autonomous moored surface ocean pCO2 (partial pressure of CO2) time series established between 2004 and 2013, 17 also include autonomous pH measurements. These time series characterize a wide range of surface ocean carbonate conditions in different oceanic (17 sites), coastal (13 sites), and coral reef (10 sites) regimes. A time of trend emergence (ToE) methodology applied to the time series that exhibit well-constrained daily to interannual variability and an estimate of decadal variability indicates that the length of sustained observations necessary to detect statistically significant anthropogenic trends varies by marine environment. The ToE estimates for seawater pCO2 and pH range from 8 to 15 years at the open ocean sites, 16 to 41 years at the coastal sites, and 9 to 22 years at the coral reef sites. Only two open ocean pCO2 time series, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Hawaii Ocean Time-series Station (WHOTS) in the subtropical North Pacific and Stratus in the South Pacific gyre, have been deployed longer than the estimated trend detection time and, for these, deseasoned monthly means show estimated anthropogenic trends of 1.9±0.3 and 1.6±0.3 µatm yr−1, respectively. In the future, it is possible that updates to this product will allow for the estimation of anthropogenic trends at more sites; however, the product currently provides a valuable tool in an accessible format for evaluating climatology and natural variability of surface ocean carbonate chemistry in a variety of regions. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.7289/V5DB8043 and https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ocads/oceans/Moorings/ndp097.html (Sutton et al., 2018).
Using paired catchments to quantify the human influence on hydrological droughts
Authors: Van Loon Anne F. , Rangecroft Sally , Coxon Gemma , Breña Naranjo José Agustín , Van Ogtrop Floris , Van Lanen Henny A. J.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Quantifying the influence of human activities, such as reservoir building, water abstraction, and land use change, on hydrology is crucial for sustainable future water management, especially during drought. Model-based methods are very time-consuming to set up and require a good understanding of human processes and time series of water abstraction, land use change, and water infrastructure and management, which often are not available. Therefore, observation-based methods are being developed that give an indication of the direction and magnitude of the human influence on hydrological drought based on limited data. We suggest adding to those methods a “paired-catchment” approach, based on the classic hydrology approach that was developed in the 1920s for assessing the impact of land cover treatment on water quantity and quality. When applying the paired-catchment approach to long-term pre-existing human influences trying to detect an influence on extreme events such as droughts, a good catchment selection is crucial. The disturbed catchment needs to be paired with a catchment that is similar in all aspects except for the human activity under study, in that way isolating the effect of that specific activity. In this paper, we present a framework for selecting suitable paired catchments for the study of the human influence on hydrological drought. Essential elements in this framework are the availability of qualitative information on the human activity under study (type, timing, and magnitude), and the similarity of climate, geology, and other human influences between the catchments. We show the application of the framework on two contrasting case studies, one impacted by groundwater abstraction and one with a water transfer from another region. Applying the paired-catchment approach showed how the groundwater abstraction aggravated streamflow drought by more than 200 % for some metrics (total drought duration and total drought deficit) and the water transfer alleviated droughts with 25 % to 80 %, dependent on the metric. Benefits of the paired-catchment approach are that climate variability between pre- and post-disturbance periods does not have to be considered as the same time periods are used for analysis, and that it avoids assumptions considered when partly or fully relying on simulation modelling. Limitations of the approach are that finding a suitable catchment pair can be very challenging, often no pre-disturbance records are available to establish the natural difference between the catchments, and long time series of hydrological data are needed to robustly detect the effect of the human activities on hydrological drought. We suggest that the approach can be used for a first estimate of the human influence on hydrological drought, to steer campaigns to collect more data, and to complement and improve other existing methods (e.g. model-based or large-sample approaches).
Body-anchored verbs and argument omission in two sign languages
Authors: Oomen Marloes , Kimmelman Vadim
Published: March 2019

Using quantitative methods, we analyze naturalistic corpus data in two sign languages, German Sign Language and Russian Sign Language, to study subject-omission patterns. We find that, in both languages, the interpretation of null subjects depends on the type of the verb. With verbs signed on the signer’s body (body-anchored verbs), null subjects are interpreted only as first person. With verbs signed in neutral space in front of the signer (neutral verbs), this restriction does not apply. We argue that this is an effect of iconicity: for body-anchored verbs, the signer’s body is a part of the iconic representation of the verbal event, and by default the body is interpreted as referring to the signer, that is, as first person. We develop a formal analysis using a mechanism of mixed agreement, taking inspiration from Matushansky’s (2013) account of mixed gender agreement in Russian. Specifically, we argue that body-anchored verbs bear an inherent feature that gives a first-person interpretation to null subjects. When a body-anchored verb is combined with an overt third-person subject, a feature mismatch occurs which is resolved in favor of the third person. Neutral verbs do not come with inherent feature-value specifications, thus allowing all person interpretations. We also explain how our analysis predicts the interpretation of null subjects in the context of role shift. With our account, we demonstrate that iconicity plays an active role in the grammar of sign languages, and we pin down the locus of the iconicity effect. While no iconic or modality-specific syntactic mechanisms are needed to account for the data, iconicity is argued to determine feature specification on a subset of sign language verbs.
EXPANSÃO URBANA E IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS NA ZONA COSTEIRA NORTE DO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO LUÍS (MA)
Authors: Serra Janilci Silva , Farias Filho Marcelino Silva
Published: March 2019

Este estudo tem por finalidade analisar a alteração do uso e ocupação da Zona Costeira Norte de São Luís(MA) e identificar os principais impactos ambientais que surgiram a partir da transformação do espaço natural desta região verificando as normas e diretrizes estabelecidas nos instrumentos de gestão urbana ( lei de Zoneamento, Parcelamento, Uso e Ocupação do Solo, Plano Diretor e a lei Orgânica de São Luís). Para a análise  da alteração do uso e ocupação foi feito a classificação de imagens de satélite, foram utilizados imagens multiespectrais do sensor TM (Thematic Mapper) a bordo do satélite Landsat 5, a classificação foi realizada em ambiente SIG (Sistema de informações Geográficas), foram utilizadas 2 imagens referentes aos dias 20/06/1984 e 04/02/2010, na classificação foram mapeadas 5 classes (urbano, vegetação, solo exposto e água). Os resultados mostraram que houve significativa redução da área com vegetação em consequência do intenso processo de expansão urbana, em 1984 a área urbana ocupava um total de  29,27% da área  e em 2010 ocupava um total de 56,26%.
AS CARACTERÍSTICAS SEDIMENTARES DO TRANSPORTE DA CARGA DE FUNDO NAS CONFLUÊNCIAS DO RIO IVINHEMA-MS COM O RIO PARANÁ
Authors: Grzegorczyk Vanderlei , Santos Manoel Luiz dos , Pagotto Dayane
Published: March 2019

Esta pesquisa aborda o transporte de carga de fundo nas áreas de confluências do rio Ivinhema-MS, com o rio Paraná durante o ano de 2013. A bacia hidrográfica da área das confluências inserida em sua totalidade no contexto geológico da bacia sedimentar do Paraná, onde inúmeras pesquisas foram realizadas por pesquisadores e alunos do GEMA/UEM (Grupo de Estudos Multidisciplinares do Ambiente). O rio Ivinhema-MS no seu curso inferior corre sobre depósitos aluviais, quaternários, planícies e terraços do rio Paraná. Possui três confluências que deságuam no rio Paraná; é um rio multicanal e cada um possui características próprias de hidrodinâmica, de transporte de sedimentos, de velocidade de fluxos e de processos geomorfológicos; cada confluência tem suas próprias características. As confluências foram dividas em seções transversais numeradas de jusante para montante de 1, 2 etc. Foram verificados ainda dados sobre velocidade e direção dos fluxos e vazão do canal. Coletaram-se amostras de carga de fundo junto às margens e no meio do canal. O reconhecimento da área ocorreu por meio do sensoriamento remoto, aerofotos e cartas topográficas. Mapas batimétricos foram gerados por dados obtidos por uma ecossonda da marca Furuno GP-1650-F, acoplada a um GPS Sistema de Posicionamento Global. Constatou-se ao final da pesquisa que a área de escavamento se fez presente nas confluências estudadas. A vazão e as velocidades dos canais secundários não determinam os vórtices de limpeza na área de escavamento, devendo atribuir ao processo de mistura das águas. O rio Paraná movimenta grandes quantidades de carga de fundo durante o ano, sendo mais intenso nas cheias quando a areia hidrotransportada promove grandes alterações geomorfológicas ocorrendo também o transporte de areia grossa e cascalhos nas seções mais velozes e deposição de lama nas áreas represadas pelos rios e nas margens de ambos os rios em contato com a planície, indicando que a mesma é a principal fonte de fornecimento desta fração granulométrica pelos processos erosivos. No rio Ivinhema-MS, areia grossa e cascalho têm origem no processo erosivo das cascalheiras; a carga de fundo predominante na área da pesquisa é de areia proveniente da Formação Caiuá e da Formação Botucatu, presentes  em toda bacia hidrográfica do rio Paraná e transporta por ele e seus.
AS HEPATITES VIRAIS NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DOS SEUS TERRITÓRIOS
Authors: Farias Cleilton Sampaio de , Luz Maurício R. M. P. da , Oliveira Ricardo Antunes Dantas de
Published: March 2019

As hepatites virais são doenças provocadas por diferentes agentes etiológicos que afetam particularmente o fígado. No Brasil, estudos indicaram a prevalência heterogênea das diferentes hepatites: de 39,5% da infecção prévia pelo VHA; de 7,4% da infecção prévia pelo VHB; de 0,37% do portador crônico do VHB e de 1,38% da infecção pelo VHC. No entanto, são escassos ou inexistem estudos sobre a distribuição das hepatites virais pelas unidades da federação com o uso de mapas. Assim, objetiva-se mapear a ocorrência das hepatites virais A, B, C e D, no período de 2010 a 2014, por meio de indicadores e propondo hipóteses iniciais para explicar sua territorialização, seu território e suas territorialidades. Para isso, analisou-se a ocorrência das hepatites virais por meio dos casos confirmados e das taxas de incidências, a partir de dados obtidos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação – SINAN e realizou-se o mapeamento com o software QGIS. A análise possibilitou o entendimento do mapa das hepatites virais no Brasil e permitiu perceber que as suas relações estão especialmente territorializadas na região Norte onde se encontram os seus principais territórios, com destaque para o Acre, que registrou as maiores incidências das hepatites A, B e D e a segunda maior da hepatite C.  Esse trabalho pode auxiliar no planejamento das ações de saúde e indicar os locais prioritários para investimento em educação, habitação, saneamento básico e educação relacionadas às hepatites virais.
SISTEMA SÓCIO-ECOLÓGICO DA ILHA SÃO CRISTOVÃO, GALÁPAGOS: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DAS PERCEPÇÕES DOS ATORES LOCAIS
Authors: Andrade Luis Vladimir Mora , Lobato Gerciene De Jesus Miranda , Toledo Peter Mann de , Vieira Ima Célia Guimarães
Published: March 2019

Galápagos é um arquipélago considerado como um laboratório para o estudo da evolução, o primeiro Parque Nacional do Equador, e é Patrimônio Natural da Humanidade. Entretanto, com a chegada de cerca de 218 mil turistas ao ano, há pressão sobre os frágeis ecossistemas deste arquipélago insular. Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar o Sistema Sócio-Ecológico (SSE) da Ilha São Cristovão a partir das percepções dos habitantes sobre ameaças, mudanças e impactos ocorridos a partir da publicação da Lei Especial de Galápagos em 10 de março de 1998 até 2017. As informações obtidas basearam-se em entrevistas semiestruturadas com 260 moradores. Ademais, aplicaram-se as técnicas exploratórias de análise fatorial de correspondência múltipla “AFCM" para 30 variáveis cuja descrição perpassa os problemas discutidos nas sessões da Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (UNESCO). A Ilha São Cristovão apresenta homens (53,46%) e mulheres (46,54%) residindo principalmente em Porto Baquerizo (71,92%); a maioria (60%) proveniente de Galápagos. As correlações da análise estatística evidenciaram uma tendência a respostas positivas, contudo sinalizaram alguns impactos no modo de vida, especialmente relacionado ao aumento do turismo, às espécies introduzidas e à redução da mina, devido a extração de areia, cascalho e pedra para fazer as construções. Diante desse cenário, os atores locais delineiam um sistema com nuances sociais, ambientais e econômicas interligadas, mas conflitantes, necessitando de uma gestão mais eficaz.
Invasão ou "guerra pela paz"? O retorno da rainha Isabella à Inglaterra (1325-1327)
Authors: Bruning Azevedo Janaina
Published: March 2019

Muito se fala sobre o reinado de Eduardo II. Historiadores sobre a Inglaterra deste período, século XIV, nos revelam a desordem pública e as crises de poder cujo este reinado estava eminentemente imerso. O reinado de Eduardo II é muito conhecido pelas revoltas, violência, pela oposição aristocrática, como o rei que falhou em ser rei. Entretanto, atrás de todo este cenário estava Isabella da França, uma figura feminina por vezes retratada como uma rainha submissa e humilhada por seu marido. Entretanto, em 1326, a rainha Isabella teve uma grande importância para a Inglaterra, especialmente em seu retorno, após ter passado alguns meses na França, a mando do rei, para tratar de negócios entre os reis e negociar a paz entre os reinos. No entanto, cabe nos perguntar: o retorno da rainha foi uma vingança (coletiva) ou uma “guerra pela paz” do reino?
Cavalaria e Prática Militar na Fase Inicial da Guerra dos Cem Anos (1346-1356)
Authors: Silva Costa Ives Leocelso
Published: March 2019

Este artigo pretende analisar as práticas militares do reinos da França e da Inglaterra durante a fase inicial da Guerra dos Cem Anos, destacando a atuação da Cavalaria, força montada de cunho aristocrático que veio a se tornar sinônimo da ordem senhorial. Para tanto foram escolhidos como marcos temporais as batalhas de Crécy (1346) e Poitiers (1356), confrontos excepcionais nos quais tropas inglesas de arqueiros e guerreiros a pé venceram os cavaleiros franceses. Norteando o trabalho encontra-se uma pergunta fundamental: por quê a Cavalaria francesa, mesmo diante do fracasso, não buscou se adaptar às realidades da guerra, à semelhança dos ingleses? O resultado é um estudo sobre os elementos políticos e sociais da guerra no medievo, bem como um exercício comparativo entre as formas de organização militar destes dois reinos.
A leitura da Lenda da Dama do Pé de Cabra na perspectiva das novas mídias digitais
Authors: Dos Santos Amanda Ingrid , De Andrade Jonabelle , Nedbajluk Mateus Alves , Zlatic Carlos Eduardo
Published: March 2019

A narrativa medieval conhecida como A lenda da Dama do Pé de Cabra, primeiramente registrada no Livro de Linhagens do Conde D. Pedro, foi assim chamada e difundida por Alexandre Herculano e, mais recentemente, pelo Sítio do Picapau Amarelo, programa transmitido pela Rede Globo. A modificação de elementos em relação ao registro original e a ausência de qualquer intenção de análise historiográfica sustentada pelo autor português e pela rede de TV incitaram o desenvolvimento de um produto audiovisual que abarcasse essa perspectiva. Diante disso, o presente artigo pretende abordar o autor e o contexto de produção da lenda e os potenciais oferecidos pelo uso das novas mídias digitais para a produção e disponibilização de conhecimento na contemporaneidade a fim de debater as potencialidades do desenvolvimento de produtos audiovisuais voltados para um público cada vez mais avesso ao conhecimento transmitido por meio da escrita.
Comparison of Surface Quality and Tool-Life of Glulam Window Elements after Planing
Authors: Dobrzynski Michal , Orlowski Kazimierz A. , Biskup Michal
Published: March 2019

The
quality of the surface of wooden elements, that have been planed, has a crucial
importance in the whole production process, since the obtained effects affect
the quality of wooden surface after finishing (painting). The occurrence of
defects is usually the reason for qualifying a workpiece as scrap or for
requiring additional work. This paper presents the selected results of research
of the effect of the cutting tool wear on the surface quality of elements after
planing. Research experiments were conducted on the SCM Superset Class machine
tool. Glulam elements of pine wood (Pinus
sylvestris L.) were researched. The raw material samples (semi-finished
products), 6 m long before planing, had been machined by suppliers also by
planing. These workpieces were selected according to the plant requirements,
e.g. their moisture content, straightness, and other defects. This paper
presents the measuring results of surface roughness and some examples of surface
profiles, as well as the dependence of total length of the planed elements on
the type of blade material. From an economic point of view, the results showed
that the use of solid carbide blades were more cost effective.
Physical Properties of Juvenile and Mature
Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.)
Wood from Medvednica Region
Authors: Sedlar Tomislav , Sinković Tomislav , Trajković Jelena , Hasan Marin , Ištok Iva , Šefc Bogoslav
Published: March 2019

Physical properties play an important role in predicting
wood quality. The aim of this study was to investigate radial variations in
physical properties of sycamore maple (Acer
pseudoplatanus L.) wood, to determine the border between juvenile and
mature wood and to compare them with analogous variations in beech wood. Radial
variation of density in absolutely dry condition, maximum density, nominal
density, longitudinal, radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage, maximum
moisture content and annual ring width on five sycamore maple trees from
Medvednica region in Croatia were determined. Observing the trend curves and
comparing average values of physical properties, different zones in the cross
section of the trunk were determined. In the first zone, from the pith to about
30th annual ring, more rapid changes in physical properties occurred. It is followed
by transitional zone, which ranges roughly from 30th to 40th annual ring. After
40th annual ring, less pronounced changes in measured physical properties
occurred. Sharp boundary between juvenile and mature wood zones could not be
determined. According to the results, the first zone is considered to be
juvenile wood, while mature wood starts after the 30th annual ring .
Fatigue testing devices in a complex load condition
Authors: Dudek A. , Papacz W.
Published: March 2019

Fatigue testing devices in a complex load condition
Problems
Authors: Phelps Stephen
Published: March 2019

A monthly set of problems is aimed at a variety of ability levels.
Building Sets, Video Games, and Scatterplots
Authors: Ferguson Sarah
Published: March 2019

Explore the creation of a unique problem-based learning (PBL) experience.
Number Talks for Statistics and Probability
Authors: Gerstenschlager Natasha E. , Strayer Jeremy F.
Published: March 2019

Short, mathematical discussions can elicit students' reasoning and focus on foundational ideas.
HSR19-100: CancerSupportSource®-15: Development and Evaluation of a Short Form of a Distress Screening Program for Cancer Survivors
Authors: McManus Shauna , Zaleta Alexandra K. , Miller Melissa F. , Buzaglo Joanne S. , Olson Julie S. , Goldberger Sara , Stein Kevin
Published: March 2019

Background: CancerSupportSource (CSS) is a 25-item distress screening tool implemented at community-based cancer support organizations and hospitals nationwide. CSS assesses distress over 5 domains: (1) emotional concerns (including depression and anxiety risk screening subscales), (2) symptom burden, (3) body and healthy lifestyle, (4) healthcare team communication, and (5) relationships. This study developed a short form of CSS and examined its psychometric properties. Methods: 2,379 cancer survivors enrolled in the Cancer Support Community’s Cancer Experience Registry. Participants provided demographic and clinical background and completed CSS-25 and PROMIS-29, a measure of health-related quality of life. Item reduction was conducted with a subsample of 1,435 survivors and included external item quality (correlations between items and PROMIS-29 scales), internal item quality (inter-item and inter-factor correlations, factor loadings and structure, and item communalities from an exploratory factor analysis of CSS-25), and professional judgement (ranking/prioritization of items by CSS-25 developers, accounting for theoretical and practical implications). Pearson correlations and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted on a separate subsample of 944 survivors to corroborate psychometric properties and dimensionality of the shortened scale. Results: Scale refinement resulted in a 15-item short form of CSS (CSS-15). At least 1 item from each of the 5 CSS-25 domains was retained to preserve multidimensionality, including anxiety and depression risk screening subscale items. Additionally, 1 item about tobacco/substance use was kept due to clinical significance for risk assessment. In confirmatory factor analysis, the model explained 59% of the variance and demonstrated good fit (RMSEA=0.068, 90% CI=0.061–0.075; SRMR=0.033; CFI=0.959; χ2(68)=334.75, P<.001). Correlation between CSS-15 and CSS-25 was 0.986, P<.001. Total distress was associated with PROMIS subscales (rs=−.65–.75, ps<.001); internal consistency reliability was excellent (α=.92). Conclusions: CSS-15 is a brief, reliable, and valid multidimensional measure of distress. The reduced measure retained excellent internal consistency and a stable factor structure, while correlating well with CSS-25 and PROMIS-29. CSS-15 can serve as a practical tool to efficiently screen for distress among cancer patients and survivors.
HSR19-080: Situational Analysis and Needs Assessment Regarding the Availability and Extent of Pediatric Palliative Care Services in the Philippines
Authors: Cajucom Loyda Amor N. , Ramos Rita C. , Mañago Raymund Kernell B. , Fuentes Raya Kathreen T. , Garcia Primo G. , Ridulme Queenie R. , Oruga Myra DP. , Viñas Maria Joanna G.
Published: March 2019

Background: Around 200,000 pediatric clients are diagnosed with cancer each year globally. Majority (84%) of cancer cases are found in developing countries with 20% average survival rate (Ferlay et al, 2012). Two-thirds of pediatric oncology clients in the Philippines are diagnosed at advanced stages (Lecciones, 2015). Abandonment of treatment is high at 80%. Only about 10%–20% of clients attain long-term survival despite availability of multidisciplinary management. These outcomes reflect the gap in service delivery for pediatric oncology clients (Ferlay et al, 2012). Therefore, to improve accessibility to healthcare, it is necessary to determine the perceived palliative care needs of clients, their caregivers, and healthcare providers. Objective: To identify the availability of palliative care services in the country, identify barriers in service delivery, and determine the palliative care needs of pediatric oncology clients, their caregivers, and healthcare providers. Methods: The descriptive, cross-sectional study design involved a situational analysis by mapping 2 Philippine palliative centers. Focus group discussions (FGD) and interviews with healthcare professionals were conducted to determine the extent of services, geographical coverage, and perceived palliative care needs. The needs assessment tool by WHO (2004) was adopted to identify the palliative care needs of pediatric oncology clients as perceived by caregivers. Results: From a total of 181 primary caregivers, the identified main problems in caring was the economical (95.6%) aspect. Financial support (92%) was the most pressing need. Caregivers would like to learn more about general cancer care (39%) and nutrition counseling (24%). The most common palliative care needs as perceived by caregivers included accessibility to cancer facility (27%), free cancer medications (12.7%), and financial assistance (14.9%). The common barriers in rendering care were financial constraints (66%), behavioral changes (12.7%), and travel limitations (6%). The common themes found during the FGDs and interviews were: (1) inadequate human and structural health resources; (2) need to focus on psychosocial care; (3) addressing economic constraints; and (4) need to increase cancer awareness among caregivers. Conclusion: The findings of the study documented the need for the development of structured programs for pediatric palliative care in the Philippines.
CLO19-033: Afatinib Followed by Osimertinib in EGFR Mutation-Positive (EGFRm+) Advanced NSCLC: Subgroup Analyses of the GioTag Study by ECOG PS, Age, and Ethnicity
Authors: Halmos Balazs , Hochmair Maximilian J. , Morabito Alessandro , Hao Desiree , Yang Cheng-Ta , Soo Ross A. , C-H Yang James , Gucalp Rasim , Wang Lara , Märten Angela , Cufer Tanja
Published: March 2019

Background: EGFR TKIs have shown first-line efficacy in EGFRm+ NSCLC but acquired resistance is inevitable; with afatinib, this is predominantly through the emergence of T790M. Therefore, a key consideration when assessing therapeutic choices is the availability of subsequent treatment options. The GioTag study (NCT03370770) is the first to assess outcomes of real-world patients (Pts) who received first-line afatinib followed by osimertinib; for pts with EGFRm+ NSCLC and acquired T790M this sequence resulted in a median time on treatment (ToT) of 27.6 months, which did not include chemotherapy. We present subgroup analyses of pts from the GioTag study who are under-represented in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and assess the impact of afatinib treatment on ECOG PS. Methods: The GioTag study is an observational, multicenter study. Data were collected retrospectively (Dec 2017–May 2018). Pts had EGFRm+ (Del19/L858R) advanced NSCLC and acquired T790M after first-line afatinib. Pts completed afatinib and started osimertinib treatment ≥10 months before data entry to avoid early censoring and ensure mature data collection. Patient subgroups were defined based on baseline characteristics (eg, ECOG PS, age, ethnicity). The primary outcome was ToT from afatinib initiation to osimertinib discontinuation. Results: A total of 204 pts were included in the GioTag study: 15.2% had ECOG PS ≥2; 7.4% were aged ≥75 years; 8.8% were African-American. Pts generally considered to have a poor prognosis derived clinical benefit from the afatinib–osimertinib sequence: median ToT for pts with ECOG PS ≥2 (n=31) was 22.2 months (90%CI 16.0–27.0; vs pts with ECOG PS 0/1 [n=153; 31.3 months; 27.6–44.5] P<.001); and for pts aged ≥75 years (n=15), ToT was 19.9 months (9.7–not evaluable [NE]; vs pts aged <75 years [n=189; 28.1 months; 26.6–31.3] P=.382). In African-American pts, median ToT was 27.6 months (90%CI 24.7–NE). Of 180 pts with available data, 75.0% had no change or an improvement in ECOG PS from the start of afatinib to the start of osimertinib treatment; 24.4% of pts had a deterioration in ECOG PS by 1 step and 0.6% of pts had a deterioration by 2 steps. Conclusions: First-line afatinib followed by osimertinib is a feasible therapeutic strategy in pts with EGFRm+ NSCLC and acquired T790M, including those who are often under-represented in RCTs. Clinical benefit (measured by ToT) was seen among pts with poor prognosis (ECOG PS ≥2), pts aged ≥75 years, and African-American pts.