bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Space sarcomas: Extra compartmental soft tissue tumors of the lower extremities a systematic approach to sarcomas of the femoral triangle, sartorial canal, and popliteal space
Authors: Sternheim Amir , Bickels Jacob , Ben‐Tov Tomer , Malawer Martin M.
Published: January 2009

Background

Extra‐compartmental soft tissue sarcomas may grow in virtual spaces in close proximity to major neurovascular structures and thus, require a complex resection. We analyzed the general principles by which these resections are planned.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 53 patients with sarcomas located in the femoral triangle (15), sartorial canal (16), and the popliteal fossa (22). These lesions were grouped into three categories based on involvement of spatial structure; neurovascular involvement = 13, musculofascial involvement = 19 and no involvement = 11.

Results

Limb sparing surgery was feasible in lesions that had either no structural or musculofascial involvement. Amputation, however, was required in 3 of 13 patients with neurovascular involvement because of gross involvement of the surrounding tissues. Overall, limb sparing was feasible in 94% (50 of 53 patients). The 2‐ and 5‐year local recurrence rates were 10% and 14%, respectively. Five‐year survival was 88%.

Conclusions

Limb sparing resection of space sarcomas is feasible in the majority of extra‐compartmental sarcomas by utilizing a systematic approach which emphasizes specific planes of resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:281–291. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lymph nodes and gastric cancer
Authors: Coburn Natalie G.
Published: January 2009

Worldwide, gastric cancer is one of the top three leading causes of cancer mortality, but incidence and presentation vary geographically. Currently, surgery is the only possible cure. Nodal status is an important prognostic indicator for gastric cancer, and despite results of randomized controlled trials, debate continues over the importance of aggressive lymphadenectomy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:199–206. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wide‐bore hydrodynamic chromatography in sub‐second range
Authors: Umehara Ryoji , Harada Makoto , Okada Tetsuo
Published: January 2009

Wide‐bore hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) is a very simple method based on the passage of analytes through an open capillary. As shown in previous papers, an analyte, which diffuses over the entire cross‐section of a capillary before it is detected, gives a Gaussian‐shaped peak; such an analyte is called diffusive. In contrast, an analyte with poor diffusivity gives an asymmetrical peak with the apex at the half time of the peak of a diffusive analyte. Their diffusivity is determined by the diffusion coefficients, dimensions of a capillary, and a flow rate. A consideration of the diffusivity evaluated on the basis of these variables allows us to realize fast wide‐bore HDC separation. Sub‐second separation is demonstrated using test analytes, such as fluorescein and polystyrene latexes.
Polymer‐based monolithic columns in capillary format tailored by using controlled in situ polymerization
Authors: Aoki Hiroshi , Tanaka Nobuo , Kubo Takuya , Hosoya Ken
Published: January 2009

This review introduces to the readers our new perspectives of polymer‐based monolithic column with a high performance for small solutes such as drug candidates, illustrating the fabrication of LC columns in capillary. First, we briefly reviewed the status quo of polymer‐based monolithic columns, comparing with silica monoliths. The miniaturization of LC system with higher throughput (shorter analytical time) was stressed conceptually, along with a fine permeable bicontinuous monolithic structure with submicron domain size (skeletal thickness + pore size) for higher performance. Second, from these perspectives, our column preparation was described, while our specially designed porogenic solvents were introduced as a controller of the monolithic morphology via reaction‐induced phase separation. Specifically, monolithic columns were exemplified in two polymer formats, that is, one monolith prepared by free radical polymerization of glycerin 1,3‐dimethacrylate, GDMA, and the other prepared by stepwise polymerization of newly introduced multifunctional epoxy and diamino monomers. Both monolithic columns in capillary format demonstrated a fine bicontinuous structure, affording a good compatibility of the efficiency (H) and permeability (D). Especially, the epoxy‐based column showed an excellent separation impedance, E (=H2/D). Our micro‐HPLC data were discussed along with a prototyped wired chip device.
Cyclodextrin‐modified MEKC for enantioseparation of hexaconazole, penconazole, and myclobutanil
Authors: Wan Ibrahim Wan Aini , Hermawan Dadan , Sanagi M. Marsin , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y.
Published: January 2009

A CD‐modified micellar EKC (CD‐MEKC) method with 2‐hydroxypropyl‐γ‐CD (HP‐γ‐CD) as chiral selector for the enantioseparation of three chiral triazole fungicides, namely hexaconazole, penconazole, and myclobutanil, is reported for the first time. Simultaneous enantioseparation of the three triazole fungicides was successfully achieved using a CD‐MEKC system containing 40 mM HP‐γ‐CD and 50 mM SDS in 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) solution with resolutions (Rs) greater than 1.60, peak efficiencies (N) greater than 200 000 for all enantiomers and an analysis time within 15 min compared to 36 min as previously reported using sulfated‐β‐CD.
Separation of small molecular peptides with same amino acid composition but different sequences by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Wu Yue , Xie Jun , Wang Fang , Chen Zilin
Published: January 2009

The development of new analytical techniques for identifying endogenous peptides in a cell, organ, or organism (the peptidome) is an important work in the fields of peptidomics and proteomics. MS is currently employed as a powerful analytical technique in peptidomics. However, it has a limitation in the identification of peptides with the same amino acid composition but different sequences, as these peptides have the same molecular weights, and generate the same MS spectrum of molecular ions, when MS is used as the detection technique. Therefore, the development of peptide separation techniques like CE and LC coupled with MS is desirable. In this paper, a methodology for the separation of peptides with the same amino acid composition, but different sequences, by CE has been developed using two tripeptides, Gly‐Ser‐Phe and Gly‐Phe‐Ser, as a model sample. Excellent separation selectivity was achieved using the separation mode of MEKC. Separation behavior under different conditions and mechanism is discussed.
Separation of complex mixtures of fluorobenzoic acids by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Isemura Tsuguhide , Kitagawa Fumihiko , Otsuka Koji
Published: January 2009

Fluorobenzoic acids are important intermediates in the synthesis of antibacterial drugs. Conditions for the separation of mixtures of twenty‐five acids by CE have been optimized. A set of conditions with phosphate buffer (pH 3.1), successive multiple ionic‐polymer layer (SMIL) coating capillary, and negative separation voltage provided a short time separation based on the difference in the acidic dissociation constant (pKa) of the sample acids. Addition of ACN to the separation solution improved the selectivity resulting in a broader distribution of migration times of the samples. The addition of tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride below the CMC was also effective in changing the migration pattern of fluorobenzoic acids. Furthermore, practical utility was demonstrated through quantitative studies on the optimized condition including the durability of the SMIL coating.
Predictability of cochlear implant outcome in families
Authors: Lalwani Anil K. , Budenz Cameron L. , Weisstuch Adam S. , Babb James , Roland J. Thomas , Waltzman Susan B.
Published: January 2009

Objectives:

The purpose of this study is to determine if the performance of the first implanted member of a family predicts the performance of subsequently implanted family members.

Study Design:

Retrospective chart review.

Methods:

Seventy‐one cochlear implant recipients, each belonging to a family with two or more implanted members, were the subjects of this study. Routine audiometric measurements and age‐appropriate speech perception tests were performed pre‐ and postoperatively. In addition, length of deafness, age at implantation, etiology, and length of device usage were correlated to outcome.

Results:

All implant recipients within a family showed improvement postimplantation, and the predictive component between family members was strong. Presence of GJB2 mutations and greater age at implantation were predictive of poorer rehabilitative outcome, while length of device usage was associated with improved speech perception scores.

Conclusions:

On average, if the first implanted family member performs well with a cochlear implant, those following will do well; however, GJB2‐related deafness and increased age at implantation are associated with poorer outcome. These findings have important implications for members of families considering cochlear implantation. Laryngoscope, 119:131–136, 2009
Validation of a laryngeal dissection module for phonomicrosurgical training
Authors: Contag Stephanie P. , Klein Adam M. , Blount Angela C. , Johns Michael M.
Published: January 2009

Objectives:

To validate the use of a new phonomicrosurgical trainer called the laryngeal dissection module.

Study Design:

The module used synthetic, multilayered vocal folds inside a model larynx mounted on a platform, a microscope, and microsurgical instruments. The study was designed to test the module's ability to differentiate novices from expert surgeons and to test the module's ability to improve novice performance with training.

Methods:

Expert (n = 5) and novice (n = 21) phonomicrosurgeons were instructed to remove a superficial ovoid lesion from a synthetic, right vocal fold. The task was assessed for total errors, total operating time, and injury to the superficial peripheral tissue, the lesion, and the deep tissue. Novice and expert performance was compared using an independent samples t test and a Fisher exact test. Subsequently, novices completed three practice trials and a posttraining trial, which was assessed for improvement compared with pretraining performance using a Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results:

Experts completed the task with fewer total errors than novices (P < .001) and made fewer injuries to the oval lesion (P = .01). Novices improved performance with training, making fewer total errors in the posttraining trial (P = .003), reducing injury to the superficial peripheral tissue (P = .02), and taking less time to complete the task (P = .04).

Conclusions:

The laryngeal dissection module was validated as a surgical trainer. It was able to differentiate expert versus novice performance, and it improved novice performance through training. Laryngoscope, 119:211–215, 2009
The health and resource utilization of Canadians with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Macdonald Kristian I. , McNally J. Dayre , Massoud Emad
Published: January 2009

Objectives:

To determine the impact of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) on the physical and mental health and health‐resource utilization of Canadians.

Study Design:

Cross‐sectional.

Methods:

Data from the detailed health portion of cycle 3 (1998–1999) of the National Population Health Survey (NPHS), which involved 17,000 Canadians, were used to evaluate Canadians with self‐reported CRS.

Results:

NPHS data confirmed lower mental and physical health, with CRS sufferers being almost three times more likely to report their health as poor (4.6% vs. 1.7%). Health Utility Index data identified a significant decline in the mental health of patients with CRS, which was associated with more depression (8.4% vs. 4.1%), more antidepressant use (9.1% vs. 4.6%), and more visits to mental‐health professionals (11.8% vs. 7.0%).

Conclusions:

CRS significantly affects both physical and mental health. The mental impact of CRS remains largely unrecognized and should be of greater focus during patient care and in further research. Laryngoscope, 119:184–189, 2009
Susac's syndrome: Intratympanic therapy for hearing loss and a review of the literature
Authors: Crawley Brianna K. , Close Abby , Canto Cecilia , Harris Jeffrey P.
Published: January 2009

Two cases of Susac's Syndrome are presented with a discussion of treatment modalities for the associated severe sensorineural deafness. Patients were managed with high dose oral steroids, anticoagulants and immunosuppressive drugs. The addition of intratympanic methylprednisolone injections were added to one patient's regimen with initial improvement but subsequent relapse and progression to profound deafness. The management of Susac's syndrome is difficult and still in need of innovative methods as the standard treatment continues to be ineffective in the long term. Laryngoscope, 119:141–144, 2009
Lingual abscess from a grill cleaning brush bristle
Authors: Boon Maurits , Pribitkin Edmund , Spiegel Joseph , Nazarian Levon , Herbison Gerald J.
Published: January 2009

Objectives:

1) Describe the clinical presentation of a lingual abscess secondary to a foreign body. 2) Discuss the workup of glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GN). 3) Review existing literature.

Methods:

Illustrative case report and literature review generated by PubMed citation search.

Results:

This is a report of a patient who presented with severe tongue and ear pain, initially diagnosed with glossopharyngeal neuralgia. He subsequently returned with acute neck swelling, altered mental status, and rapidly progressive airway edema. After securing his airway, radiographic imaging confirmed a lingual abscess with a linear foreign body. He was taken emergently to the operating room for neck exploration with incision and drainage of the abscess. Despite inability to locate the foreign body, he had complete resolution of the abscess and airway edema. Subsequent CT scanning confirms the continued presence of the foreign body consistent with a grill cleaning brush bristle.

Discussion:

Lingual abscesses are extremely uncommon. Diagnosis may be difficult and as a consequence, when they occur, they may result in airway compromise or sepsis. Major textbooks often omit description of this entity, which has been associated with oral trauma and with retained foreign bodies such as fish bones. This is the first case report of a near fatal lingual abscess due to a bristle from a grill cleaning brush.

Conclusions:

To date, there has been no published literature describing the development of a lingual abscess secondary to a bristle from a grill cleaning brush. We describe the presentation and management of this condition and how it may mimic glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Laryngoscope, 119:79–81, 2009
Light therapy and supplementary riboflavin in the SOD1 transgenic mouse model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS)
Authors: Moges Helina , Vasconcelos Olavo M. , Campbell William W. , Borke Rosemary C. , McCoy Jennifer Anne , Kaczmarczyk Lauren , Feng Ji , Anders Juanita J.
Published: January 2009

Background and Objective

Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons and death. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play an important role in motor neuron loss in ALS. Light therapy (LT) has biomodulatory effects on mitochondria. Riboflavin improves energy efficiency in mitochondria and reduces oxidative injury. The purpose of this study was to examine the synergistic effect of LT and riboflavin on the survival of motor neurons in a mouse model of FALS.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

G93A SOD1 transgenic mice were divided into four groups: Control, Riboflavin, Light, and Riboflavin+Light (combination). Mice were treated from 51 days of age until death. A single set of LT parameters was used: 810 nm diode laser, 140‐mW output power, 1.4 cm2 spot area, 120 seconds treatment duration, and 12 J/cm2 energy density. Behavioral tests and weight monitoring were done weekly. At end stage of the disease, mice were euthanized, survival data was collected and immunohistochemistry and motor neuron counts were performed.

Results

There was no difference in survival between groups. Motor function was not significantly improved with the exception of the rotarod test which showed significant improvement in the Light group in the early stage of the disease. Immunohistochemical expression of the astrocyte marker, glial fibrilary acidic protein, was significantly reduced in the cervical and lumbar enlargements of the spinal cord as a result of LT. There was no difference in the number of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the lumbar enlargement between groups.

Conclusions

The lack of significant improvement in survival and motor performance indicates study interventions were ineffective in altering disease progression in the G93A SOD1 mice. Our findings have potential implications for the conceptual use of light to treat other neurodegenerative diseases that have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:52–59, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nd:YAG laser in caries prevention: A clinical trial
Authors: Zezell Denise Maria , Boari Heloisa Gomes D. , Ana Patricia Aparecida , Eduardo Carlos de Paula , Powell Glen Lynn
Published: January 2009

Background and Objective

It is widely known that Nd:YAG can increase enamel resistance to demineralization; however, there are no studies that report the application of Nd:YAG associated with topical application of fluoride in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Nd:YAG laser, when associated with the topical application of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF), for preventing enamel demineralization in vivo.

Materials and Methods

A double‐blind crossover experimental design was used, in which 121 teeth of 33 volunteers were selected. In all volunteers, the right side teeth were selected for Nd:YAG laser+APF application (lased group) and the left side teeth were kept as control group (only APF application). Nd:YAG laser was applied at 60 mJ/pulse, at a repetition rate of 10 Hz and fluence of 84.9 J/cm2; after that, topical APF was applied for 4 minutes. Recalls were made after 1 year in order to evaluate the formation of white‐spot lesions or caries cavities.

Results

After 1 year, this in vivo experiment showed a reduction of 39.2% in caries incidence in lased group when compared with the control. The number of white‐spots or caries cavities decreased significantly (P = 0.0043) in the Nd:YAG laser group; the formation of white‐spots was significantly less (P = 0.0031) when compared with the number of lesions in the control group.

Conclusion

Combined Nd:YAG laser and topical fluoride treatment was effective for reducing the incidence of caries in vivo. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:31–35, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Manufacture of wire from platinum/metal oxide composites
Authors: Eckardt T. , Manhardt H. , Lupton D. F.
Published: January 2009

In order to enhance high‐temperature mechanical properties of platinum a dispersed particle hardening was developed by W. C. Heraeus, Hanau. A suitable compound impeding grain growth and migration of dislocations is zirconia. There are indications that significantly increased amounts of oxides might also stabilise erosion resistance of spark plug electrodes while reducing the percentage of cost‐intensive precious metal. Two different process technologies of manufacturing platinum/metal oxide composites are presented and compared: 1) melting and subsequent oxidation and 2) mixing of metal and oxide powders followed by extrusion. In both cases wires with typical diameters of 0.8 to 0.6 mm are fabricated. Samples with approx. 6 vol.‐% of zirconia dispersed in a platinum matrix were successfully tested under real life conditions in a combustion engine.
Untersuchung des Erosionsverhaltens von silberbasierten Kontaktwerkstoffen mittels FIB‐Techniken
Authors: Selzner C. , Jeanvoine N. , Velichko A. , Mücklich F.
Published: January 2009

Für das Verständnis der Schädigungsmechanismen von Kontaktwerkstoffen und die Entwicklung neuartiger Materialien ist die korrekte Darstellung und Analyse der Gefügesituation von essentieller Bedeutung. Dieses Verständnis erreicht man durch Untersuchung der Mikrostrukturveränderungen auf und unter der Oberfläche, die durch einen Lichtbogen verursacht wurden. In dieser Arbeit wird sowohl das Erosionsverhalten von reinem Silber und Silber‐Metalloxid‐Kompositen, als auch die Charakterisierung in zwei und drei Dimensionen besprochen. Einzelschaltungen unter Gleichstrombedingungen wurden durchgeführt und analysiert. Die Kratertopographie wurde mit Hilfe eines Weißlichtinterferometers vermessen und das bewegte Volumen berechnet. Mit Hilfe der Dual‐Beam Techniken wurden die Schaltkrater ober‐ und unterhalb der Oberfläche untersucht, sowie dreidimensional rekonstruiert.
Abscheidung und Werkstoffaufbau galvanischer Dispersionsschichten
Authors: Lampke Th. , Zacher M. , Dietrich D. , Wielage B.
Published: January 2009

Die Abscheidung von galvanischen Nickelschichten mit inkorporierten keramischen Nanopartikel, TiO2 und Al2O3, erfolgte mit Hilfe von Ultraschall während der galvanischen Beschichtung. Der Ultraschall gewährleistet eine ständige Desagglomerierung der Nanopartikel im Elektrolyten, wodurch ein homogener und feindisperser Partikeleinbau in die Nickelschichten möglich ist.

Untersucht wurden das Einbauverhalten der nanoskaligen Partikel in galvanische Nickelschichten, die Veränderungen in der Schichtstruktur und der Kristallite im Vergleich zu konventionell abgeschiedenen Nickelschichten mittels REM, EDX, EBSD und XRD.
A novel phosphorus‐containing thermotropic liquid crystalline poly(ester‐imide) with high flame retardancy
Authors: Yang Mi , Chen Li , Zhao Cheng‐Shou , Huang Heng‐Zhen , Wang Jun‐Sheng , Wang Yu‐Zhong
Published: January 2009

A novel phosphorus–nitrogen thermotropic liquid crystalline poly(ester‐imide) (PN‐TLCP) derived from p‐acetoxybenzoic acid (ABA), terephthalic acid (TPA), acetylated 2‐(6‐oxide‐6H‐dibenz<1,2>oxa phosphorin‐ 6‐yl)‐1,4‐dihydroxy phenylene (DOPO‐AHQ) and N,N'‐hexane‐1,6‐diylbis(trimellitimide) was prepared by melt transesterification. The chemical structure, the mesophase behavior, and the thermal properties of the copolymer were investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), elemental analysis, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), hot‐stage polarized light microscopy (PLM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). PN‐TLCP exhibited a nematic mesophase with a strong birefringence at a low and broad mesomorphic temperature ranging from 220 to 350°C, an initial flow temperature as low as about 190°C and a glass transition temperature of about 160°C. PN‐TLCP has also good thermal stability, high char residues and excellent flame retardancy (limiting oxygen index, LOI = 71 and UL‐94 V‐0 rating). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics of paint systems prepared from dammar with the addition of natural pigment
Authors: Omar N. M. , Ahmad A. H.
Published: January 2009

Adhesion and electrochemical properties of paint system prepared from dammar binder or binder from Dipterocarpus grandifolius with the addition of natural pigment have been investigated. In this work, carotenoid pigment obtained from Capsicum annum (dried chili pepper) was added into the mixture of dammar resin and acrylic polyol resin to form the organic paint system. Five different paint systems were formulated on the basis of various concentrations of dammar resin, and their viscosities were measured by using Brookefield Viscometer. The paint systems were proofed on Aluminum steel Q‐panels as a substrate. The cured paint systems were then evaluated by using the crosshatch adhesion method to test their adhesion properties according to ASTM D3359 standards. The corrosion potential property of paint was characterized by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) while the coated substrate was exposed to 3% NaCl for 30 days. Comparative results have been presented in terms of number of damage grids for the crosshatch test in each sample at different viscosity conditions and also regarding the ability of the coated sample to resist the corrosion potential. The result shows that the paint system with a composition of 35% dammar (CD35%) possessed the best adhesion performance compared to other CD paint compositions. Furthermore, CD35% also had higher corrosion resistance after 30 days of exposure in the 3% NaCl solution. The decrease in coating resistance values is associated with the electrolyte penetration into the coating system. The results showed that the developed organic paint system prepared from dammar improved the adhesion and electrochemical properties of a paint system. Addition of natural pigment to the formulation may enhance the attractiveness and vibrancy of the color. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas transport properties of asymmetric polyimide membranes prepared by plasma‐based ion implantation
Authors: Tezuka Teppei , Kobayashi Tomohiro , Muraoka Daigo , Nagaoka Shoji , Suzuki Yoshiaki , Kawakami Hiroyoshi
Published: January 2009

In this study, we report the gas permeance and selectivity of the asymmetric polyimide membrane prepared by plasma‐based ion implantation (PBII). The asymmetric polyimide membranes were prepared using a dry–wet phase inversion process, and the surface skin layer on the membrane was implantated by He ions at 2.5 keV. The asymmetric membranes treated by PBII were measured using a high vacuum apparatus with a Baratron absolute pressure gauge at 76 cmHg and 35°C. The (O2/N2) and (CO2/CH4) selectivities in the He+‐implanted asymmetric membrane at 60 sec resulted in 1.5 and 1.8 time increases, respectively, when compared to those of the asymmetric membrane before PBII. On the other hand, the O2 and CO2 permeances in the asymmetric membrane after PBII decreased with an increase in the He+ treatment time. In this paper, we addressed, for the first time, the gas permeation behavior of the asymmetric polyimide membranes prepared by PBII. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and characterization of asymmetric polyethersulfone (PES) membranes
Authors: Amirilargani Mohammad , Mohammadi Toraj
Published: January 2009

Flat‐sheet asymmetric polyethersulfone (PES) membranes were prepared from polyethersulfone (PES)/ polyethylene glycol (PEG)/ N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) system via phase inversion induced by immersion precipitation in water coagulation bath. Effects of propionic acid (PA) as a non‐solvent additive (NSA) on morphology and performance of the membranes prepared from PES/PEG 6000/NMP system in water coagulation bath were investigated. The cross section morphology of the membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, performance of the membranes was studied by water content measurements and separation experiments using pure water and human serum albumin (HSA) protein solution as feeds. According to SEM analysis, it was found out that the NSA has a significant influence on the structure of the skin layer and the sublayer. The obtained results indicated that addition of PA to the casting solution decreases permeation flux of the prepared membranes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrophobically modified poly (acrylic acid) using calix[4]arene derivative. Ionophoric properties and extraction abilities toward alkali metal cations
Authors: Hajipour A. R. , Habibi S. , Ruoho A. E.
Published: January 2009

p‐t‐Butyl calix[4]arene diol (distal cone) (1) was grafted with poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) to obtain hydrophobically modified PAA (PAA‐C) bearing calixarene moieties. The grafting method includes the direct esterification reaction of PAA with calixarene diol 1 which was carried out in a system of tosyl chloride (TsCl), pyridine (Py), and N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). The grafting yield was studied using different molar ratios of PAA to calix[4]arene diol 1, temperature, and reaction time. The chemical composition of the PAA‐C was studied by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Also, the morphology of PAA‐C was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The PAA‐C had different solubility and thermal properties. The extraction ability measurements of modified PAA toward alkali metal cations (Na+, K+, Cs+) and Ag+ showed a remarkable efficiency and selectivity of PAA‐C toward Na+. The main goal of this work was to design hydrophobically modified PAA with binding ability that is suitable for ion selective membranes and chemical sensor devices such as ion‐specific electrodes, semipermeable membranes, and quartz microbalances. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
JNK is constitutively active in mantle cell lymphoma: cell cycle deregulation and polyploidy by JNK inhibitor SP600125
Authors: Wang Miao , Atayar Çiğdem , Rosati Stefano , Bosga‐Bouwer Anneke , Kluin Philip , Visser Lydia
Published: January 2009

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is characterized by genetic instability and a poor prognosis. Many blastoid variants are (hypo)tetraploid and have an even worse prognosis. We investigated the role of signalling by mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in MCL. As compared to normal tonsil B cells, MCL cells showed higher activation of the JNK MAPK in both an MAPK array and a sandwich ELISA assay. Immunohistochemistry showed overexpression of phospho (p)‐JNK (Thr183/Tyr185) in 30 of 37 MCL cases. Inhibition of p‐JNK with SP600125 resulted in growth arrest in all four MCL cell lines (Jeko‐1, HBL‐2, UPN‐1, Granta‐519), which could be partly reversed by the addition of CD40L and IL‐4. Furthermore, SP600125 led to G2/M phase arrest on day 1 and a striking increase in endoreduplication on day 2 and day 3, which was confirmed by karyotype analysis. G2/M arrest was associated with down‐regulation of EGR1 and p21 protein expression. SP600125‐induced polyploidy could be blocked by the BCL‐2 inhibitor YC137. These data suggest that constitutive JNK activity is necessary to promote proliferation and maintain diploidy in MCL. JNK inhibition leads to cell cycle deregulation and endoreduplication, mimicking the tetraploid state seen in a subset of MCL cases. Thus, our data also provide an experimental model to study polyploid MCL cells. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rituximab as monotherapy and in addition to reduced CHOP in children with primary immunodeficiency and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Shabbat Shimrit , Aharoni Jonas , Sarid Liat , Ben‐Harush Miriam , Kapelushnik Joseph
Published: January 2009

Children with primary immunodeficiency or chromosomal breakage syndromes are at increased risk of developing non‐Hodgkin lymphomas; they cannot tolerate standard chemotherapy regimens. We report two children with diffuse, large, B‐cell lymphoma; one had ataxia telangiectasia and one had common variable immunodeficiency. Both were given rituximab, 1 as monotherapy and 1 in combination with a reduced CHOP regimen. Complete remission was obtained in each patient. Use of rituximab as a first‐line monotherapy or in conjunction with reduced chemotherapy should be considered to reduce cytotoxic effects. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:664–666. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimal care for the child with cancer: A summary statement from the SIOP working committee on psychosocial issues in pediatric oncology
Authors: Spinetta John J. , Jankovic Momcilo , Masera Giuseppe , Ablin Arthur R. , Barr Ronald D. , Arush Myriam Weyl Ben , D'Angio Giulio J. , Van Dongen‐Melman Jeanette , Eden Tim , Epelman Claudia , Martins Antonio Gentil , Greenberg Mark L. , Kosmidis Helen Vasiliatou , Oppenheim Daniel , Zeltzer Paul M.
Published: January 2009

Since its foundation in 1991, the SIOP Working Committee on Psychosocial Issues in Paediatric Oncology1 has developed and published 12 sets of Guidelines for health‐care professionals treating children with cancer and their families. Those elements considered essential in the process of cure and care of children with cancer are summarized in this document as a formal statement, developed at the 2007 SIOP annual meeting in Mumbai. Elaboration of the concepts with detailed strategies for practice can be found in the referenced guidelines [1–12] and in a companion publication [13]. This article is a summary of what practitioners considered critical elements in the optimal care of the child with cancer, with the goal of stimulating a broader application of these elements throughout the SIOP membership. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:904–907. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
VIP hypersecretion as primary or secondary syndrome in neuroblastoma: A retrospective study by the Société Française des Cancers de l'Enfant (SFCE)
Authors: Bourdeaut Franck , de Carli Emilie , Timsit Sandra , Coze Carole , Chastagner Pascal , Sarnacki Sabine , Delattre Olivier , Peuchmaur Michel , Rubie Hervé , Michon Jean
Published: January 2009

Background

Neuroblastic tumors (NTs) are occasionally associated with watery diarrhea, due to Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) secretion. Most reports are single cases and suggest a great homogeny within this sub‐group of NTs.

Procedures

We conducted a retrospective analysis of the French experience of NTs associated with watery diarrhea due to VIP‐secretion. VIP secretion was confirmed by seric dosage and/or immunohistochemistry.

Results

Twenty‐two patients met the diagnostic criteria between 1988 and 2007. Most of patients suffered from weight loss and metabolic disorders. In 16 cases, digestive symptoms preceded the diagnosis of the tumor (“Primary VIP secreting NTs”); 15 were localized and all showed a differentiated histology. Interestingly, in another 6 patients with high‐risk NT, diarrhea occurred at the time of chemotherapy or retinoic acid therapy (“Secondary VIP secreting NTs”). Differentiation in response to treatment was documented in 4 cases. In all cases, only surgical excision of the tumor was able to control the digestive symptoms. Twenty children are alive and 13 are disease‐free.

Conclusion

VIP secreting NTs are usually associated with differentiation; they can also secondarily arise from a high‐risk tumor upon treatment. Primary surgery constitutes first‐line treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:585–590. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Second trimester prenatal ultrasound for the detection of pregnancies at increased risk of Trisomy 18 based on serum screening
Authors: Cho Richard C. , Chu Phillip , Smith‐Bindman Rebecca
Published: January 2009

Objective

To describe ultrasound findings in fetuses with Trisomy 18.

Methods

Prospective population‐based cohort study of second trimester ultrasound among Californian women who were at increased risk of chromosome abnormality based on serum screening between November 1999 and April 2001. Structural anomalies plus the following soft markers were assessed: nuchal fold thickening, choroid plexus cyst (CPC), echogenic intracardiac focus, echogenic bowel, renal pyelectasis, clenched hands; clinodactyly; short femur, short humerus and a single umbilical artery (SUA).

Results

Overall, 8763 women underwent ultrasound evaluation, including 56 whose fetuses had Trisomy 18. Ultrasound anomalies were seen in 89% of Trisomy 18 fetuses, as compared with 14% of normal fetuses. If the genetic sonogram was normal (no structural anomaly and no soft marker), the risk was reduced by approximately 90%. The ultrasound soft markers were typically seen in conjunction with structural anomalies in affected fetuses and in the absence of a structural anomaly, most isolated ultrasound soft markers were not associated with Trisomy 18. The only exception was an isolated CPC, seen as the only finding in 11% of fetuses with Trisomy 18.

Conclusions

If the genetic sonogram is used as a sequential test following serum biochemistry, a normal ultrasound study reduces the likelihood of Trisomy 18 substantially even if a woman has abnormal serum biochemistry. The presence of an isolated CPC raises the risk, but not high enough to prompt invasive testing. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of metal oxide or metal nanoparticles in silica via metal coordination to organofunctional trialkoxysilanes
Authors: Schubert Ulrich
Published: January 2009

Organofunctional silanes of the type (RO)3Si(CH2)nX, where X is a coordinating organic group, can be used to coordinate metal ions or metal alkoxide moieties (M). Sol–gel processing of the single‐source precursors thus obtained, (RO)3Si(CH2)nXM, followed by controlled degradation of the organic tethers and the coordinating groups, makes possible the preparation of MOx/SiO2 or M/SiO2 nanocomposites with a controllable nanoparticle size. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteotypic profiling of LHCI from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii provides new insights into structure and function of the complex
Authors: Stauber Einar J. , Busch Andreas , Naumann Bianca , Svatoš Aleš , Hippler Michael
Published: January 2009

We used isotope dilution MS to measure the stoichiometry of light‐harvesting complex I (LHCI) proteins with the photosystem I (PSI) core complex in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proteotypic peptides served as quantitative markers for each of the nine gene products (Lhca1–9) and for PSI subunits. The quantitative data revealed that the LHCI antenna of C. reinhardtii contains about 7.5 ± 1.4 subunits. It further demonstrated that the thylakoid LHCI population is heterogeneously composed and that several lhca gene products are not present in 1:1 stoichiometries with PSI. When compared with vascular plants, LHCI of C. reinhardtii possesses a lower proportion of proteins potentially contributing to far‐red fluorescence emission. In general, the strategy presented is universally applicable for exploring subunit stoichiometries within the C. reinhardtii proteome.
Nurse–patient communication in cancer care: does responding to patient's cues predict patient satisfaction with communication
Authors: Uitterhoeve Ruud , Bensing Jozien , Dilven Eefje , Donders Rogier , deMulder Pieter , van Achterberg Theo
Published: January 2009

Objective: The aim is to investigate the relationship between nurses' cue‐responding behaviour and patient satisfaction.

Methods: One hundred patient–nurse conversations about present concerns were videotaped and patients' expression of emotional cues and nurses' cue responses were coded using the Medical Interview Aural Rating Scale. Nurses (N=34) and patients (N=100) were recruited from seven oncology inpatient clinics from a University Medical Centre.

Results: A mixed‐model analysis was conducted to examine whether cue responding was related with patient satisfaction with the conversation, after adjusting for confounding variables and correlation due to repeated measure of each nurse. Nurses' cue responding was independently related to patient satisfaction. Controlling for the level of cue responding, palliatively treated patients were more satisfied with the communication than curatively treated patients.

Conclusions: This study provides evidence that nurses' cue‐responding behaviour is appreciated by the patients. Future studies might focus on the effect of improved cue‐responding skill on more distal outcome measures, such as identification of concerns, mood and coping behaviour. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The association between individual attachment patterns, the perceived social support, and the psychological well‐being of Turkish informal caregivers
Authors: Kuscu M. Kemal , Dural Uzay , Önen Pιnar , Yaşa Yeşim , Yayla Mete , Basaran Gül , Turhal Serdar , Bekiroğlu Nural
Published: January 2009

Background: This study aimed to investigate the relations among the psychological well‐being (i.e. depression and state/trait anxiety levels), attachment patterns (i.e. secure, ambivalent, avoidant), and the perceived social support from family/friends/significant others of caregivers of cancer patients in Turkey.

Methods: Fifty‐one caregivers of adult cancer patients were recruited from the oncology outpatient clinic of the Marmara Medical School Hospital in Istanbul. Caregivers were assessed with the Adult Attachment Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, State–trait Anxiety Inventories, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.

Results: Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that depression was predicted by ambivalent attachment and the perceived social support from family. The support from significant others was the significant predictor of trait anxiety and the caregivers' ambivalent attachment score was the significant predictor of state anxiety.

Conclusions: We assert that ambivalent attachment pattern could confer a vulnerability to psychological distress in cancer caregivers. Assessing the psychological experiences and needs of caregivers and being aware of possible risk factors (such as attachment patterns) and protective factors (social support network) for depression and anxiety might be helpful for successful programmes and interventions that support the caregivers of cancer patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sun protection and skin self‐examination in melanoma survivors
Authors: Mujumdar Urvi J. , Hay Jennifer L. , Monroe‐Hinds Yvette C. , Hummer Amanda J. , Begg Colin B. , Wilcox Homer B. , Oliveria Susan A. , Berwick Marianne
Published: January 2009

Objectives: Patients diagnosed with melanoma are at risk for developing recurrent and second primary disease. Skin self‐examination (SSE) and sun protection are standard clinical recommendations to minimize risk. In this study we examined performance of these behaviors in individuals with melanoma drawn from the general population.

Methods: Potential participants (N=148) with a first primary melanoma diagnosed in 2000 were identified through a population‐based cancer registry in New Jersey, USA. One hundred and fifteen individuals participated in a 30 min telephone interview concerning behavioral adherence with SSE and sun protection, self‐efficacy for performing these behaviors, and perceived risk of developing another skin cancer. We utilized logistic regression to estimate potential associations of demographic, medical, and psychosocial factors with SSE and sun protection, respectively.

Results: Seventeen percent of subjects reported performing comprehensive SSE at least once every two months and 23% engaged in regular sun protection. Utilization of SSE was related to the presence of moles (OR=4.2, 95% CI: 1.1–15) and higher SSE self‐efficacy (OR=14.4, 95% CI: 1.9–112). Regular sun protection was related to older age (>60 years; OR=3.3, 95% CI: 1.3–8.7), being female (OR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.1–7.3), and higher sun protection self‐efficacy (OR=5.0, 95% CI: 1.4–18). These factors remained significant in multivariate models.

Conclusion: In this group of primary melanoma survivors, the rates of SSE and sun protection are comparable to, but do not exceed, general population estimates. This study provides justification for further research to address barriers to prevention and control behaviors in melanoma survivors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of depressive symptoms 12 months after surgical treatment of early‐stage breast cancer
Authors: Den Oudsten Brenda L. , Van Heck Guus L. , Van der Steeg Alida F. W. , Roukema Jan A. , De Vries Jolanda
Published: January 2009

Objective: Nearly half of the women with breast cancer (BC) show depressive symptoms in the first year after diagnosis. This has a major impact on patients' lives. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify predictors of depressive symptoms 12 months after surgical treatment. Furthermore, the stability of depressive symptoms across 12 months was investigated for persons scoring high versus low/moderately on agreeableness, trait anxiety, and neuroticism.

Methods: From the 609 women with an abnormality in the breast, 223 appeared to have early‐stage BC. A depressive symptoms questionnaire (Center for Epidemiological Studies—Depression Scale) was completed before diagnosis and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgical treatment. In addition, patients completed questionnaires on personality (State Trait Anxiety Inventory, Neuroticism‐Extraversion‐Openness‐Five Factor Inventory), fatigue (Fatigue Assessment Scale), and aspects of quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment instrument—100).

Results: Before diagnosis and 1 year later, 40.9% and 27.8% of the women, respectively, scored above the established cut‐off score for depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms significantly improved in this period. Patients reported higher scores, when they had a breast‐conserving therapy (BCT), scored low on agreeableness, scored high on neuroticism, or reported higher scores on depressive symptoms or fatigue before diagnosis. Other clinical and socio‐demographic factors did not predict depressive symptoms.

Conclusions: Besides BCT, fatigue, and depressive symptoms, personality, especially neuroticism and agreeableness, predicted depressive symptoms 1 year after surgical treatment. Therefore, it is important to screen patients on these characteristics in order to prevent long‐term depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Chronic Hypercapnia in the Neonatal Mouse Lung and Brain
Authors: Das Sumon , Du Zhongfang , Bassly Shira , Singer Lewis , Vicencio Alfin G.
Published: January 2009

Background

Permissive hypercapnia is increasingly utilized in the care of premature infants to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In a previous investigation, we described gene expression changes in the neonatal mouse lung exposed to chronic hypercapnia that might contribute to lung protection and accelerated maturation. However, it is unknown whether chronic hypercapnia increases alveolar formation, nor if it has detrimental effects in other developing organs such as the brain.

Objective

To determine whether chronic hypercapnia accelerates early alveolar formation and increases neuronal cell injury in the developing mouse lung and brain, respectively.

Design

Mouse pups were exposed to 8% CO2 + 21% O2 starting at postnatal day (P) 2 until P7. Control animals were maintained in room air. Animals were sacrificed at P4 or P7, and lungs and brains were excised and analyzed.

Results

Exposure to 8% CO2 resulted in an increased expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐sma) which localized to the tips of developing alveolar buds, and also an increased number of alveolar buds at P7. Importantly, hypercapnic animals also demonstrated evidence of increased TUNEL‐positive cells in the brain.

Conclusions

Exposure to chronic hypercapnia may lead to early initiation of alveolar budding in the neonatal mouse, but may also lead to increased TUNEL‐positive cells in the developing brain. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:176–182. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.