bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE DA PAISAGEM DO PRUDENSHOPPING E DO CENTRO DE PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE, SP: UMA CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA A PROPOSTA DE INTERVENÇÃO
Authors: Gonçalves Aline Kuramoto , Ferreira Heloísa Mariz , Valentim Gustavo Antônio
Published: September 2015

A partir da apresentação de conceitos de paisagem, espaço e sociedade de consumo, os autores tratam da perda de importância do centro da cidade no cotidiano das pessoas, com o surgimento de espaços de consumo mais modernos, como os shopping centers. Através do entendimento do centro como um local não só de consumo, mas também do encontro, onde importantes relações são estabelecidas, já que neste se encontram pessoas de diferentes segmentos sociais, o presente artigo propõe algumas intervenções culturais e no ambiente construído, a fim de tornar o centro um local mais atrativo a população para compras, lazer e recreação, sem igualar-se a outros espaços de consumo, mas através do reforço de elementos característicos.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: sociedade de consumo; centro; shopping center.  ANALYSIS OF THE PRUDENSHOPPING LANDSCAPE AND CENTER PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE, SP: A CONTRIBUTION FOR INTERVENTION PROPOSAL ABSTRACTFrom the proposed of concepts landscape, place and consumption of society the authors treated of the loss of importance of life of the people in the city center, by the emergence of  modern consumer spaces, as shopping centers.Through understanding in the city center will not only use to consumed, but also of the meeting, where personal relations are established, since people meeting of different social segments, this article propose in certain cultural interventions in the urban built, therefore had to be the city center a place more attractive of the population should buy, leisure and recreation that won’t be matched by other consumer space, but through by strengthening the necessary  characteristics elements.PASSWORD: consumption of society; city center; shopping center. ANÁLISIS DEL PAISAJE PRUDENSHOPPING Y CENTRO PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE, SP: UNA CONTRIBUCIÓN PARA PROPUESTA DE INTERVENCIÓN RESUMENLa propuesta de la presentación de los conceptos de paisaje, el espacio y la sociedad de consumo, los autores se ocupan de la pérdida de importancia de la ciudad en la vida cotidiana, con el surgimiento de espacios modernos de consumo, tales como centros comerciales. Al entender el centro como un lugar no sólo el consumo sino también a la reunión donde se establecen relaciones importantes, como en este son personas de diferentes segmentos sociales, este artículo propone algunas intervenciones culturales y el entorno construido con el fin de hacer del centro un lugar más atractivo para la gente para ir de compras, el ocio y la recreación, no coincidir con otros espacios de consumo, pero reforzando elementos característicos.PALABRA CLAVE: consumo de sociedad; ciudad; shopping center.
Immunomorphological features of “classic” and “occult” choroidal neovascular membranes in age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Altynbayev Ural Rifovich , Serezhin Igor Nikolayevich , Altynbayeva Liana Rimovna
Published: September 2015

A comparative evaluation of morphological features and proliferative activity of “classic” and “occult” choroidal neovascular membranes (CNM) in patients with the wet form of age-related macular degeneration was carried out. It was found that the CNM proliferative activity depends on the membrane type. The presence of a high pigment epithelium detachment in patients with “occult” CNM may be due to the presence of a solid avascular scar in the subretinal space.
The enzymatic vitreolysis — a new trend in the treatment of retinal vein occlusions
Authors: Tultseva Svetlana Nikolaevna
Published: September 2015

Vitreoretinal relationships exert a significant influence on the course of retinal vein occlusions (RVO) and post-thrombotic retinopathy. A single intravitreal injection of Actilyse 50 mkg in the period from 1 till 21 days from the disease onset stimulates a posterior vitreous detachment in 30.4% patients with non-ischemic and 24.8% patients with the type of ischemic RVO. The process of transition from the partial posterior hyaloid detachment to the complete one, and complete posterior hyaloid detachment in patients who did not have it from the beginning, was accompanied by a visual acuity increase by a factor of 1.5. The use of enzymatic vitreolysis in patients with RVO increases the probability of reduced macular edema in the early disease period, to increases visual acuity, and decreases the risk of neovascularization development in the posterior eyeball segment.
The influence of vitreomacular adhesion on the pathogenesis and course of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Dal Nikita Yuryevich , Shaar Gassan Basharovich , Astakhov Yuriy Sergeyevich , Lobanova Marina Mikhaylovna
Published: September 2015

This article describes the age-related changes in vitreous and different types of posterior vitreous detachment. Possible effect of normal and pathological posterior vitreous detachment (in particular vitreomacular adhesion and traction syndrome) on the age-related macular degeneration course are considered. Vitrectomy and pharmacological vitreolysis potentials in the treatment of vitreomacular adhesion are discussed.
Features of primary disability due to eye diseases in the Krasnodar region
Authors: Apostolova Anastasiya Sergeevna
Published: September 2015

A continuous statistical study of primary disability dynamics in ophthalmic patients during 2006–2011, according to the data from the branch # 7. For the entire observation period, a decrease in number of people first-time recognized as disabled was found. The nosologic structure of primary disability is shown, with glaucoma occupying the first place for the entire observation period, and myopia the second one during the last 5 years. Decreasing disability due to lens changes was found, from the second rank to the 6th one. An increase in primary disability due to AMD was recognized, moving AMD from the 10th place to the 3rd. A group analysis of patients, in whom glaucoma was a disabling condition, was performed. In 88–93% of cases, these persons were of retirement age. Higher prevalence of disability was noted among urban population. Among rural population in comparison with urban one, there were more group I and less group II disabled persons.
Experimental reproduction of the glaucomatous process
Authors: Gazizova Ilmira Rifovna , Alekseyev Vladimir Nikolayevich , Nikitin Dmitriy Nikolayevich
Published: September 2015

The glaucomatous process is one of the important challenges in ophthalmology. And this is due primarily to the fact that, so far, the main causes for the onset and progression of glaucoma are not been fully determined. Numerous experimental studies concentrate on the role of ocular hypertension. However, there are forms of glaucoma, which are independent of the intraocular pressure level. A better experimental model for the study of glaucoma would also take into consideration the development of the characteristic complex of signs, in which a key sign would be a slowly progressing optic disc excavation. Therefore, taking into account the new knowledge in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative changes in glaucoma, the ability to investigate the brain, vascular factors of progression, the level of neurotransmitters, trophic factors, etc. should be added to this model. Therefore we tried to make an analysis of glaucoma models in various experimental animals to find most appropriate models to study the aspects of glaucoma pathogenesis.
Trophic keratopathy treatment and lagophthalmos correction in neurosurgical patients
Authors: Tabashnikova Tatyana Vladimirovna , Serova Natalya Konstantinovna , Shimanskiy Vadim Nikolaevich
Published: September 2015

In the neuroophthalmological practice, there is an everyday necessity to correct neurogenic corneal xerosis and lagophthalmos in neurosurgical patients. Recently, the objectives of adequate treatment of patients with “dry eye” syndrome, coupled with n. trigemini and facial nerve dysfunction, gain more and more significance. 245 patients with lagophthalmos or trophic keratopathy were analyzed. We divided all patients into 4 groups according to methods initially used to correct lagophthalmos and/or trophic keratopathy: keratoprotective treatment, induced ptosis, surgical lagophthalmos correction, “bandage” soft contact lenses. An algorithm of therapy tactics choice for patients with lagophthalmos and/or trophic keratopathy is proposed.
Successful treatment of the Irvine-Gass syndrome with Nevanac
Authors: Ro Marina Borisovna , Ignatyev Sergey Aleksandrovich , Alekseyev Igor Borisovich , Korchuganova Yelena Aleksandrovna
Published: September 2015

The Authors describe a clinical case of the use of Nevanac - a medication from NSAID group in the successful treatment of cystoid macular edema caused by cataract extraction (Irvine-Gass syndrome).
Neurotrophic corneal and conjunctival xerosis
Authors: Zhurova Svetlana Gennadyevna
Published: September 2015

Purpose: to develop a method of surgical treatment of patients with corneal ulcers of xerotic etiology and evaluate its efficacy in different time periods after operation. Materials and methods: 68 patients (86 eyes) with severe dry eye syndrome complicated by xerotic corneal ulcers were examined. In all patients, the ulcer defect was covered with conjunctiva and amniotic membrane. The operation was combined with an outer tarsorrhaphy and temporary blepharorraphy. Results: All 86 eyes (100%) achieved total closure of the ulcer defect, sealing of any perforation and maintaining of corneal transparency beyond the ulcer defect. Conclusion: Surgical closure of corneal ulcers with conjunctiva is an effective method of treatment of xerotic corneal ulcers. It could be recommended in patients with corneal perforation and tendency of descemetocele formation.
Choroidal melanoma brachyterapy and secondary enucleation
Authors: Brovkina Alevtina Fedorovna , Stoyukhina Alevtina Sergeevna , Chesalin Ivan Pavlovich
Published: September 2015

In this article, an analysis of medical records of 51 patient who underwent eye preserving treatment of choroidal melanoma (brachytherapy or combination of methods) with subsequent secondary enucleation is shown. According to their initial sizes, tumors were divided into small, medium and large (11, 13 and 27 eyes, respectively). In small melanoma cases, the period of time before secondary enucleation was the longest, in cases of medium size tumors, it was more than 1.5 times shorter, and in large choroidal melanomas - two times shorter (р = 0,02). A characteristic feature of the small and medium-size melanoma groups was a low rate of postradiation complications (2 of 11 eyes, and 2 of 13 eyes, respectively). In large melanomas, morphologically the tumor was proven in 23 out of 27 eyes, and postradiation complications as an indication for enucleation were much more frequent (13 eyes).
The assessment of the neuroprotective effect of herbal medicinal products in patients with early stages (I-II) of primary open-angle glaucoma and stabilized intraocular pressure, evidence from “Tanakan” use
Authors: Skorobogatov Yuriy Vyacheslavovich , Astakhov Yuriy Sergeyevich , Sokolov Vitaly Olegovich , Morozova Natalia Vladimirovna
Published: September 2015

Achievements in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) treatment unfortunately do not ensure an adequate neuroprotective effect in monotherapy of the disease that is why a search for effective and affordable neuroprotectors continues. The aim of the study was to assess the neuroprotective effect of herbal medicinal product “Tanakan” in treatment of POAG patients with normalized intraocular pressure. Methods. A complex clinical and morphological randomized crossover study. Thirty patients (57 eyes) with established stage I-II POAG were examined. Results. During the period from no treatment, up to 3 and 6 months from the treatment start, a reliable increase of the Jantch index (Jantch, 1958) was noted. A positive trend in values of electrophysiological indices was revealed: macular ERG (MERG) a-wave amplitude, and rhythmic ERG (RERG) a-wave amplitude increased. A positive dynamics was found when performing vacuum tests with dosated intraocular pressure (IOP) increase: p-100 complex amplitude increase without its latency changes, as a result of vacuum-compression test with visual evoked cortical potentials (VCT with VECP); with laser confocal tomography, a decrease of maximal optic disc excavation depth at maximal vacuum load was established. Conclusions. An increase of functional visual analyzer performance capabilities at the 1st, 2nd and 3rd neurons level without any changes in optic disc morphometric parameters could be qualified as a neuroprotective effect of the treatment. The increase in the Jantch index, as well as the decrease of maximal optic disc excavation depth as a result of artificial IOP increase may be qualified as an increase in optic nerve tolerance. Tanakan could be used complementary, as a neuroprotector, in combined therapy in stage I-II POAG patients at normalized IOP as long-term (up to 6 months) therapy courses.
Racemose haemangioma of the iris:
Authors: Astakhov Yuriy Sergeyevich , Marchenko Olga Anatolevna , Terekhova Irina Vladimirovna , Potemkin Vitaliy Vitalevich
Published: September 2015

Two cases of iris racemose haemangioma are described. We described clinical features, angiographic and ultrasonic characteristics of the tumor. We presume that racemose haemangioma can lead to cataract. Phaco surgery was uncomplicated.
An improvement of medical care for children and adolescents with ocular tuberculosis in Saint-Petersburg - an important goal of city dispensary
Authors: Il'kova Olga Petrovna , Ustinova Yelena Ivanovna , Sal'nikov Nikolay Nikolayevich
Published: September 2015

The medical care for children with ocular tuberculosis until the end of the nineties was delivered in the Saint-Petersburg City Diagnostic Centre # 7, OLS. Under dispensary observation in the tuberculosis department, there were no less than 100 patients with hematogenous tuberculosis (in association with tuberculosis contamination or local forms of non-ocular localizations). Recently, there has been only a half time ophthalmologist in the dispensary to admit children and adolescents with ocular tuberculosis or suspected cases. Upon an initiative of phthisioophthalmology section of the Saint-Petersburg scientific medical ophthalmological society to the staff of the city dispensary ophthalmologist O.P. Il’kova was recommended and admitted, with a specialization to work as pediatric phthisioophthalmologist. During 2014, O.P. Il’kova attended to adult patients at the ophthalmology department of the dispensary, consulted adolescents in the “Drujba” tuberculosis sanatorium and analysed the treatment results of tuberculosis patients who became ill at their childhood. The phthisioophthalmology section of the Saint-Petersburg scientific medical ophthalmological society and the ophthalmology department of the Saint-Petersburg anti-tuberculosis dispensary solicit the chief executives of the dispensary to allocate ophthalmologist, nurse positions and to create necessary conditions to examine and treat children and adolescents with ocular tuberculosis or suspected cases.
Errors in supplementary toric IOL implantation (Sulcoflex toric, Rayner)
Authors: Khripun Kirill Vladimirovich , Rakhmanov Vyacheslav Vladimirovich , Ramazanova Ajshat Magomedovna
Published: September 2015

In the article, the results of a combined surgical treatment method of induced astigmatism in a pseudophakic eye are presented. The authors describe an initial case of “wrong” supplementary toric IOL Sulcoflex (Rayner, Great Britain) position and its influence on aberrometric parameters.
Multicenter study of intraocular pressure level in patients with moderate and advanced primary open-angle glaucoma on treatment
Authors: Abysheva L. D. , Avdeev R. V. , Alexandrov A. S. , Basinsky A. S. , Blyum E. A. , Brezhnev A. Yu. , Gazizova I. R. , Galimova A. B. , Gaponko O. V. , Garkavenko V. V. , Getmanova A. M. , Gorodnichy V. V. , Gorshkova M. S. , Gusarevitch A. A. , Dorofeev D. A. , Zhavoronkov S. A. , Zavadsky P. Ch. , Zakhidov A. B. , Zvereva O. G. , Karimov U. R. , Kulik A. V. , Kuroyedov A. V. , Lanin S. N. , Lovpache Dzh. N. , Loskutov I. A. , Molchanova E. V. , Nefedov N A , Ogorodnikova V. Yu. , Onufrichuk O. N. , Openkova E. Yu. , Petrov S. Yu. , Rozhko Yu. I. , Sidenko T. A. , Tashtitova L. B. , Fomin N. E. , Khudzhatova M. S.
Published: September 2015

Introduction. For the past several decades, there has been a discussion as to whether elevated intraocular pressure is just ocular hypertension in a healthy eye, or a sign of glaucoma. Objective. To study the IOP values in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma at the beginning of the study and to correlated them with the disease progression and to determine optimal IOP levels. Material and methods. The final protocol included data from 812 right eyes of 637 glaucoma patients and 175 healthy subjects; the latter formed the control group. The mean age of examined patients was 71.8 ± 0.28 years; 72.00 (66.00; 77.00). Mean disease duration in glaucoma patients was 5.41 ± 0.17 years. The following parameters were assessed: visual acuity, clinical refraction, IOP level by Maklakov tonometry, central corneal thickness and IOP-lowering medication use. Results. In the age group - between 60 and 69 y.o., the IOP level in patients with advanced glaucoma was significantly higher than in patients with moderate glaucoma and healthy subjects. There was no significant difference in central corneal thickness either between glaucoma patients and healthy subjects (both male and female) or between glaucoma patients with different glaucoma changes. The IOP level was higher in patients treated with non-fixed combination of beta-blockers (BB) and prostaglandins (PG) regardless of the disease stage. According to the common standards the IOP level was found to be controlled in 69.93 % of patients with moderate glaucoma and 14.42 % of patients with advanced glaucoma. Conclusion. The results of the study could be used as clinical guidelines for determination of the optimal IOP range, choosing the optimal IOP-lowering medication(s) for starting therapy and during the follow-up in patients with moderate and advanced glaucoma stages.
Biomechanical studies of the iris and the trabecular meshwork
Authors: Petrov Sergey Yur'yevich , Podgornaya Nataliya Nikolaevna , Aslamazova Anna Eduardovna , Safonova Dar'ya Maksimovna
Published: September 2015

The article presents a literature review of the latest research in the field of ocular biomechanics with an accent on the role of biomechanical properties of anatomical structures in the development of ocular pathologies. Close attention is paid to biomechanical properties of the iris, the study of its structure and functioning in representatives of different races, as well as its role in anterior eye chamber angle closure and the pathogenesis of angle-closure glaucoma. Experimental and clinical researches of trabecular meshwork biomechanics and modern outlooks on its structure characteristics are described. The review provides information on theoretical developments and practical implications of the development of a new class of local hypotensive drugs that influence the trabecular meshwork tonus (Rho-kinase inhibitors).
Clinical efficacy of intravitreal implant Ozurdex in combination with laser treatment in patients with retinal vein occlusions
Authors: Kulagina Anastasiya Viktorovna , Badazhkov Evgeniy Gennad'evich , Gusarevich Olga Gennad’evna
Published: September 2015

A clinical efficacy analysis of combined post-thrombotic retinopathy treatment using dexamethason intravitreal implant “Ozurdex” and retinal photocoagulation is presented. The medication promotes macular edema resorption and allows increasing visual acuity for a long period of time. Photocoagulation prevents complications, promotes edema and hemorrhage resorption. Visual acuity dynamics may be influenced by such factors as disease duration, lesion area, occlusion localization. The use of dexamethason intravitreal implant in combination with photocoagulation gives new options in treatment of patients with retinal vein occlusions
Some aspects of the comparative characteristics of different computerized perimetry methods
Authors: Simakova Irina Leonidovna , Serdyukova Svetlana Anatol’yevna
Published: September 2015

Purpose - to compare the ease of use, the comfort for persons to be tested, the examination rate, as well as the variability of repeated results obtained using four methods of computerized perimetry. Materials and methods. This clinical study included three groups of patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG). The 1st group included patients with OAG stage I, the 2nd group - with OAG stage II, the 3rd group - with OAG stage III. The control group included healthy individuals. All tested persons underwent examinations by 4 computerized methods (HFA II, Tomey AP-1000, Pericom, and the FDT-perimetry modification developed at the Ophthalmology Department of the Military Medical Academy). Results. FDT-perimetry appeared to be the shortest, easiest test and most comfortable for tested persons. Perimetry using Tomey AP-1000, Pericom and HFA II was more time-consuming and more difficult to perform. Repeated results of all four methods were better than the first one due to the “learning curve” effect, and showed different variability. Conclusion. To obtain reliable computerized perimetry results, taking into account the possible “learning curve” effect, we recommend repeating the perimetric test at least 2-3 times at same conditions. It is important for the selected perimetric test to be easy to perform, comfortable for persons to be tested, and quite fast to perform.
Clinical case of congenital microphtalmos with cyst
Authors: Gorbachev Dmitriy Stepanovich , Korovenkov Ruslan Ivanovich
Published: September 2015

The paper contains a detailed description of the clinical case of a rare ophthalmic congenital disease - congenital microphthalmos with cyst. Obtained information may facilitate a correct diagnosis and treatment of this condition and may be useful for practicing ophthalmologists.
Prognostic value of postprocedural mean platelet volume on one-year major cardiac outcomes in ST-elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Lang Li-Guo , Hong Luan , Li Zhen-Jun , Qu Ling-Guang , Ge Li-Jun , Xi Shao-Jing , Shang Tao
Published: September 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of mean platelet volume (MPV) with 1-year major cardiac outcomes in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and explore its relation with prognosis. Patients (n=301) with a diagnosis of STEMI were divided into 2 groups (G) according to their mean platelet volume (G1≤ 9.9 fl, n=101; G2 > 9.9 fl, n=200) which was measured within 12 hours after PCI. They were followed up for MCO during 1-year. MCO rate was higher in G2 than G1 (25% vs. 13.9%; P=0.026). This difference resulted from differences in recurrent-angina (17.5% vs. 7.9%; P=0.024) and re-hospitalization rates (19.5% vs. 9.9%; P=0.033). In binary logistic regression analysis, high MPV was an independent predictor of MCO (OR 1.30, 95%CL 1.01-1.69, p=0.045). In conclusion, elevated MPV was independently associated with MCO in patients with STEMI after PCI. Moreover, MPV greater than 9.9fl was predictive of 1-year MCO.
Theories and Practices of Internal Colonization
Authors: van de Grift Liesbeth
Published: September 2015

The article argues that internal colonization should be analyzed from a transnational perspective, as a shared repertoire of ideas and practices that can be observed in the interwar period. First, it critically discusses the use of ‘internal colonization’ and ‘internal colonialism’ as historical and analytical concepts. It then links these to recent debates in historiography about the ‘colonial’ nature of continental empires and the distinct place and importance ascribed to internal colonization within these debates. The last part presents the variety of rationales underpinning resettlement schemes and shows how these were articulated in the various programmes and practices of internal colonization analyzed in this theme issue.
How Russia ‘Colonized Itself’
Authors: Etkind Alexander
Published: September 2015

In the late imperial period, Russian historiography was dominated by the self-colonization school. Russian historians wrote detailed accounts of Russia’s takeover of the Crimea, Finland, Ukraine, Poland, and other lands, but they did not describe these areas as Russian colonies. Instead, mainstream Russian historians argued that ‘Russia colonized itself’. The discourse of self-colonization was a specific, though longterm and surprisingly robust, moment in Russian historiography. Appropriating the western idea of colonization, Russian historiography transformed this idea in quite a radical way. First, in Russia, the process of colonization was construed as self-reflexive and internal, rather than as object-directed and external. Second, in Russia, we find an uncritical approval of the processes of colonization, which is different from the British and French historiographical traditions and from the postcolonial approach to colonization. However, some Russian historians held a critical stance toward the peculiar character of the Russian Empire.
Keeping Up with the Dutch
Authors: Jones Elizabeth B.
Published: September 2015

Elizabeth B. Jones is Associate Professor of German and European history at Colorado State University. Her recent publications explore state-led initiatives to ‘improve’ the German countryside with special emphasis on peat bog reclamation and colonization in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and how poor rural Germans embraced, adapted, or rejected these endeavors. Previous publications include Gender and Rural Modernity: Farm Women and the Politics of Labor in Germany, 1871–1933 (Ashgate, 2009) and articles on gender and generational conflicts and agrarian politics in Imperial and Weimar Germany. In 2010–2011, she was a Fellow at the Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society in Munich and in 2015–2016, she will be on research leave in Berlin. E-mail: elizabeth.jones@colostate.edu
Anti-inflammatory Effects of N-acetylcysteine against Carbosulfan-induced Hepatic Impairment in Male Rats
Authors: Dhouib Ines El-Bini , Annabi Alya , Lasram Mohamed Montassar , Gharbi Najoua , El-Fazaa Saloua ,   Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia.,   Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia.,   Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia.,   Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia.,   Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia.
Published: September 2015

The present study is designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against carbosulfan (CB)-induced hepatic dysfunction in rats. Rats exposed to CB and NAC were examined for toxicity by assessing various biochemical alteration, inflammation (interferon gamma and leucocyte counts), and peroxidation marker, including in liver. Significant increases of blood alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) were detected in CB-treated rats. In addition, the level of pro-oxidative marker, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), was also increased. According to the results, rats exposed to CB showed a significant alteration in hepatic enzymes and an increase in the accumulation of lipid peroxidation index; also, CB induced an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine in CB-treated rats when compared with their respective controls. Interestingly, administration of NAC to CB-treated rats attenuates the toxicity of CB, objectified by biochemical and oxidative improvement of liver. Thus, the present study reports for the first time that NAC could be a promising therapeutic agent against CB-induced liver impairment.
The Effect of Low Dose of Lead Acetate on the Fallopian Tubes and the Role of Garlic Extract—A Histomorphic Study on Mouse
Authors: Waseem Naureen , Rehman Sabah ,   Anatomy Department, Al Nafees Medical College, ISRA University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,   Anatomy Department, Army Medical College, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Published: September 2015

This study aimed to investigate the effect of lead acetate on the fallopian tube of adult mice and the possible effect of garlic extract in a Laboratory Based Randomized Control Trial. In this study, 30 female BALBc mice were selected and randomly divided into three groups. Ten animals were placed in each group. Group A being the control received only the laboratory diet. Group B was given lead acetate at a dose of 30 mg/kg/day. Group C was given lead acetate at 30 mg/kg/day and garlic extract at 500 mg/kg/day. All treatments were given through oral gavage tube for 60 days. The mice were sacrificed and dissected at the end of 60 days. The fallopian tubes were carefully dissected out and fixed in 10% formalin for routine histological examination. The histological findings in experimental group B showed increase in epithelial height, whereas no such findings were observed in group A and there was slight increase in height in group C. The lead acetate affected the epithelial height in lead acetate treated group which improved when cotreated with garlic extract.
A two‐species occupancy model accommodating simultaneous spatial and interspecific dependence
Authors: Rota Christopher T. , Wikle Christopher K. , Kays Roland W. , Forrester Tavis D. , McShea William J. , Parsons Arielle W. , Millspaugh Joshua J.
Published: September 2015

Occupancy models are popular for estimating the probability a site is occupied by a species of interest when detection is imperfect. Occupancy models have been extended to account for interacting species and spatial dependence but cannot presently allow both factors to act simultaneously. We propose a two‐species occupancy model that accommodates both interspecific and spatial dependence. We use a point‐referenced multivariate hierarchical spatial model to account for both spatial and interspecific dependence. We model spatial random effects with predictive process models and use probit regression to improve efficiency of posterior sampling. We model occupancy probabilities of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and coyote (Canis latrans) with camera trap data collected from six mid‐Atlantic states in the eastern United States. We fit four models comprising a fully factorial combination of spatial and interspecific dependence to two‐thirds of camera trapping sites and validated models with the remaining data. Red fox and coyotes each exhibited spatial dependence at distances >0.8 and 0.4 km, respectively, and exhibited geographic variation in interspecific dependence. Consequently, predictions from the model assuming simultaneous spatial and interspecific dependence best matched test data observations. This application highlights the utility of simultaneously accounting for spatial and interspecific dependence.
Management of Multiple Recession‐Type Defects After Orthodontic Therapy: A Clinical Report Based on Scientific Evidence
Authors: Bueno Rossy Luis A. , Chambrone Leandro
Published: September 2015

Introduction: Treatment of multiple recession‐type defects (MRTDs) developed subsequent to orthodontic therapy requires a solid knowledge of the anatomy/characteristics of the defects. Surgical approaches based on the use of subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTGs) are considered the “gold standard” for the treatment of MRTDs, but their use may be limited by the availability of donor tissue. The objective of this case report is to present the outcomes of treatment achieved by a SCTG in a patient presenting MRTDs in all four quadrants of the mouth.

Case Presentation: A non‐smoking 23‐year‐old female patient presenting 15 Miller Class I or II gingival recessions (GRs) at anterior and posterior teeth of the maxilla and mandible, developed after orthodontic therapy, was referred for treatment in March 2013. Defects were treated using four SCTG‐based procedures using grafts harvested from two donor sites at different time frames. Twenty‐four months after treatment, gingival thickness modification led to esthetic and functional results.

Conclusion: The use of SCTGs harvested twice from the same donor site for the treatment of MRTDs led to safe and predictable outcomes (i.e., clinically significant gains in GR depth, attachment level, and esthetics).
Application of Intelligent Completion Solution in a Marginal Field-Okporhuru Field Case Study, Onshore Niger Delta
Authors: Afolabi F. , Yahaya I. , Pepple B. , Oke A. , Gee M. , Esparza R. , Estilette F. , Nnebocha E.
Published: September 2015

Development options in marginal fields are sometimes limited, driven primarily by economics, license period, size of asset and regulatory constraints. The Operators objective is to economically develop the reserves from multiple zones with fewer wells, whilst maintaining mandatory reservoir surveillance and accounting. Intelligent or smart completions are at various level of maturity, depending on the well architecture, application, and measurement & control devices. The concept of using smart completions within the marginal field environment has historically been limited.

The conventional completion practices in marginal fields with stacked reservoirs are mostly multistring or selective designs. A strong driver for smart wells in a marginal field is the desire for simultaneous exploitation of multiple reservoirs, lower capex (fewer wells), reduced opex, smaller footprints and effective zonal control. Remote zonal control is desirable, due to the locations accessibility, which makes intervention prohibitive and with increased health, safety, and environmental (HSE) risks.

This paper will focus on the application of an intelligent completion technique in Okporhuru, a partially appraised field in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria comprising stacked reservoirs. The field is classified marginal due to limited data, low first pass initial oil volume and remoteness from production facilities, amongst others. This paper will detail the modelling technique, flow control valve (FCV) design philosophy, and requisite monitoring to meet target zonal flow contributions. Application of a compact, modular, multi-zonal smart completion solution (IZC), pre installation design, deployment considerations and production allocation methodology will highlight the considerations for selection of a unique sand control technique in this partially appraised field.
Hiatus in global warming - example of water temperature of the Danube River at Bogojevo gauge (Serbia)
Authors: Ducic Vladan , Milenkovic Milan , Milijasevic Dragana , Vujacic Dusko , Bjeljac Zeljko , Lovic Suzana , Gajic Mirjana , Andjelkovic Goran , Djordjevic Aleksandar
Published: September 2015

The research included trends in water temperature of the Danube River at
Bogojevo gauge and surface air temperature at the nearby meteorological
station Sombor, as well as an analysis of the results obtained in relation
to the claims of the existence of the hiatus in global air temperature
increase in the period 1998-2012. In the period 1961-2013, there was a
statistically significant increase in the mean annual water temperature
(0.039?C/year), as well as all the average monthly values. However, with
annual values for the period 1998-2013, there was a decrease. The longest
periods of negative trend (27 years) were recorded for January and February.
A high correlation was found between the surface air temperature and water
temperature for all monthly and seasonal values. In the mean annual air
temperature the presence of the hiatus is not observed, but a negative trend
is recorded in March (32 years), December (43 years) and February (49
years). The highest correlations between water temperature and North
Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Atlantic
Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) were obtained for the NAO in January (0.60),
the AMO in autumn (0.52) and the NAO in winter (0.51). For surface air
temperature, the highest correlations were registered for the AMO in summer
(0.49) and the NAO in winter (0.42). The results indicate the dominant role
of natural factors in the decrease of winter air temperature and water
temperature of the Danube.
Heat transfer enhancement of car radiator using aqua based magnesium oxide nanofluids
Authors: Ali Hafiz , Azhar Muhammad , Saleem Musab , Saeed Qazi , Saieed Ahmed
Published: September 2015

The focus of this research paper is on the application of water based MgO
nanofluids for thermal management of a car radiator. Nanofluids of different
volumetric concentrations (i.e. 0.06%, 0.09% and 0.12%) were prepared and
then experimentally tested for their heat transfer performance in a car
radiator. All concentrations showed enhancement in heat transfer compared to
the pure base fluid. A peak heat transfer enhancement of 31% was obtained at
0.12 % volumetric concentration of MgO in basefluid. The fluid flow rate was
kept in a range of 8-16 liter per minute. Lower flow rates resulted in
greater heat transfer rates as compared to heat transfer rates at higher
flow rates for the same volumetric concentration. Heat transfer rates were
found weakly dependent on the inlet fluid temperature. An increase of 8?C
in inlet temperature showed only a 6% increase in heat transfer rate.
Numerical prediction of nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficient under high heat fluxes
Authors: Pezo Milada , Stevanovic Vladimir
Published: September 2015

This paper presents CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) approach to prediction
of the heat transfer coefficient for nucleate pool boiling under high heat
fluxes. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the atmospheric saturated
pool boiling are performed. Mathematical modelling of pool boiling requires
a treatment of vapor-liquid two-phase mixture on the macro level, as well as
on the micro level, such as bubble growth and departure from the heating
surface. Two-phase flow is modelled by the two-fluid model, which consists
of the mass, momentum and energy conservation equations for each phase.
Interface transfer processes are calculated by the closure laws. Micro level
phenomena on the heating surface are modelled with the bubble nucleation
site density, the bubble resistance time on the heating wall and with the
certain level of randomness in the location of bubble nucleation sites. The
developed model was used to determine the heat transfer coefficient and
results of numerical simulations are compared with available experimental
results and several empirical correlations. A considerable scattering of the
predictions of the pool boiling heat transfer coefficient by experimental
correlations is observed, while the numerically predicted values are within
the range of results calculated by well-known Kutateladze, Mostinski,
Kruzhilin and Rohsenow correlations. The presented numerical modeling
approach is original regarding both the application of the two-fluid
two-phase model for the determination of heat transfer coefficient in pool
boiling and the defined boundary conditions at the heated wall surface.
Developments in fluidized bed conversion of solid fuels
Authors: Leckner Bo
Published: September 2015

A summary is given on the development of fluidized bed conversion (combustion
and gasification) of solid fuels. First, gasification is mentioned,
following the line of development from the Winkler gasifier to recent
designs. The combustors were initially bubbling beds, which were found
unsuitable for combustion of coal because of various drawbacks, but they
proved more useful for biomass where these drawbacks were absent. Instead,
circulating fluidized bed boilers became the most important coal converters,
whose design now is quite mature, and presently the increments in size and
efficiency are the most important development tasks. The new modifications
of these conversion devices are related to CO2 capture. Proposed methods
with this purpose, involving fluidized bed, are single-reactor systems like
oxy-fuel combustion, and dual-reactor systems, including also indirect
biomass gasifiers.
Features of heat transfer at interaction of an impact swirl jet with a dimple
Authors: Terekhov Viktor , Mshvidobadze Yuriy
Published: September 2015

Experimental results on investigation of heat transfer at interaction of an
air impact jet with a semi-spherical cavity are presented in this work. This
research is continuation of investigations of turbulent jet interaction with
complex surfaces and search for the method of heat transfer control.
Experiments were carried out with fixed geometry of a semi-spherical cavity
(DC = 46 mm) and swirl parameter (R = 0; 0.58; 1.0; 2.74). The distance
between the axisymmetric nozzle and obstacle was 2?10 sizes over the nozzle
diameter, and the Reynolds number varied within Re0= (1?6)?104. It was found
out that with an increase in swirling heat transfer intensity decreases
because of fast mixing of the jet with ambient medium. In general, the
pattern of swirl jet interaction with a concave surface is complex and
multifactor.
The R&D Premium and Takeover Risk
Authors: Lin Ji-Chai , Wang Yanzhi (Andrew)
Published: September 2015

To explain why firms with high research and development (R&D) intensity offer their investors higher stock returns, we argue that (1) high R&D capacity relative to firm valuation makes R&D-intensive firms attractive takeover targets, and that (2) the higher takeover probability leads their investors to face higher takeover risk, as proposed by Cremers, Nair, and John (2009), and require higher returns. We find evidence consistent with our hypothesis. Furthermore, we find that takeover probability also relates to large R&D increases, but not to innovation efficiency. Accordingly, we expect and find that takeover risk helps to explain the premium associated with large R&D increases, but not the innovation efficiency premium previously documented.

JEL Classifications: G12; O31.
Adult Anxiety Disorders in Relation to Trait Anxiety and Perceived Stress in Childhood
Authors: Mundy Elizabeth A. , Weber Mareen , Rauch Scott L. , Killgore William D. S. , Simon Naomi M. , Pollack Mark H. , Rosso Isabelle M.
Published: September 2015

It is well established that objective early life stressors increase risk for anxiety disorders and that environmental stressors interact with dispositional factors such as trait anxiety. There is less information on how subjective perception of stress during childhood relates to later clinical anxiety. This study tested whether childhood perceived stress and trait anxiety were independently and interactively associated with adult anxiety disorders. Forty-seven adults diagnosed with anxiety disorders ( M age = 34 yr., SD=11) and 29 healthy participants ( M = 33 yr., SD=13) completed the adult Perceived Stress Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Global Perceived Early Life Events Scale as a measure of perceived stress during childhood. In a logistic regression model, high childhood perceived stress (β = 0.64) and trait anxiety (β = 0.11) were associated with significantly greater odds of adult anxiety disorder. The association between childhood perceived stress and adult anxiety remained significant when controlling for adult perceived stress. These findings suggest that children's perception of stress in their daily lives may be an important target of intervention to prevent the progression of stress into clinically significant anxiety.
An Exploratory Study Investigating the Effects of a Treatment Manual for Video Game Addiction
Authors: Pallesen Ståle , Lorvik Ingjerd Meen , Bu Eli Hellandsjø , Molde Helge
Published: September 2015

This study investigated the effects of a manualized therapy for video game addiction in 12 males, ages 14–18 yr. The manual was based on cognitive-behavioral therapy, short-term strategic family therapy, solution-focused therapy, and motivational interviewing. Treatment response was reported by the patients, their mothers, and the therapists. The patients reported moderate (but statistically non-significant) improvement from pre- to post-treatment. The mothers, however, reported large effects and statistically significant improvement from pre- to post-treatment. The therapists reported marked or moderate treatment response in six of the 12 patients. The ratings of change by mothers converged well with the views of change of both the patients and therapists, whereas the convergence of views on change between the two latter sources was far lower.
Social Competence and Psychological Vulnerability: The Mediating Role of Flourishing
Authors: Uysal Recep
Published: September 2015

This study examined whether flourishing mediated the social competence and psychological vulnerability. Participants were 259 university students (147 women, 112 men; M age = 21.3 yr., SD = 1.7) who completed the Turkish versions of the Perceived Social Competence Scale, the Flourishing Scale, and the Psychological Vulnerability Scale. Mediation models were tested using the bootstrapping method to examine indirect effects. Consistent with the hypotheses, the results indicated a positive relationship between social competence and flourishing, and a negative relationship between social competence and psychological vulnerability. Results of the bootstrapping method revealed that flourishing significantly mediated the relationship between social competence and psychological vulnerability. The significance and limitations of the results were discussed.
Factor Analysis of a Social Skills Scale for High School Students
Authors: Wang H-Y. , Lin C-K.
Published: September 2015

The objective of this study was to develop a social skills scale for high school students in Taiwan. This study adopted stratified random sampling. A total of 1,729 high school students were included. The students ranged in age from 16 to 18 years. A Social Skills Scale was developed for this study and was designed for classroom teachers to fill out. The test-retest reliability of this scale was tested by Pearson's correlation coefficient. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine construct validity. The Social Skills Scale had good overall test-retest reliability of .92, and the internal consistency of the five subscales was above .90. The results of the factor analysis showed that the Social Skills Scale covered the five domains of classroom learning skills, communication skills, individual initiative skills, interaction skills, and job-related social skills, and the five factors explained 68.34% of the variance. Thus, the Social Skills Scale had good reliability and validity and would be applicable to and could be promoted for use in schools.