bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidencia del COVID-19 en el rendimiento deportivo de velocistas juveniles de 100 y 200 metros
Authors: Jaramillo Ogonaga Luci María del Carmen
Published: July 2021

Introducción: Ante la pandemia por el COVID-19 los procesos de entrenamiento deportivo que han tenido que adaptarse a las nuevas condiciones impuestas por el sistema de salud. Conocer específicamente dichas implicaciones, posibilita mejorar la toma de decisiones, a la vez que permitirá delimitar qué afectaciones han tenido las nuevas estrategias de entrenamiento al mantener e incrementar el rendimiento deportivo. Objetivo: Comparar los resultados de nueve pruebas antes y después de iniciar la pandemia por COVID-19 en velocistas juveniles de 100 y 200 metros. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva-explicativa de orden correlacional, comparando resultados en nueve pruebas realizadas antes y después de iniciada la pandemia por COVID-19 en 22 velocistas juveniles. Resultados: Todas las medias fueron inferiores en términos de rendimiento en postest, en Salto Largo (Pretest: 2.25m y Postest: 2.11m; -14cm), Pierna Derecha e Izquierda (Pretest: 11.20m y Postest: 11.14m; -0.06cm; Pretest: 11.09m y Postest: 11.04m; -0.5cm), en 40m y 60m (Pretest: 5.62 segundos y Postest: 5.62 segundos; Pretest: 8.05 segundos y Postest: 8.16 segundos; +11ms respectivamente), en 1000m (Pretest: 3.95 minutos y Postest: 4.03 minutos; +0.8 minutos), en Abdominales (Pretest: 46 movimientos y Postest: 43 movimientos; -3 movimientos), en Dorsal (Pretest: 117 movimientos y Postest: 115 movimientos; -2 movimientos), y en Flexibilidad de brazos (Postest: 37° y Postest: 41°; +4°), aunque en ninguno de los casos existieron diferencias significativas. Conclusiones: Se evidencia un decrecimiento del rendimiento específico en indicadores estudiados, demostrado que las estrategias alternativas de entrenamiento no fueron óptimas, existiendo la posibilidad de decrecimiento real en las marcas personales.
Cambio climático y salud: la apuesta a la deliberación [Climate change and health: the bet on deliberation]
Authors: Busdygan Daniel , Leguizamón Arias Wilmer Yesid , Ramírez Hernández Natalia Elisa
Published: July 2021

La compleja interacción entre las sociedades actuales y el medio ambiente es una importante línea de investigación que permitiría comprender cómo el modo de producción propio del modelo capitalista constituye una de las principales causas del calentamiento global y a su vez, como un efecto bumerang, dicho cambio climático ocasionaría afectaciones directas a la salud humana. A partir del análisis de esta compleja relación, el presente artículo busca proponer una alternativa, necesaria más no suficiente, con miras a construir relaciones más armónicas y sostenibles entre el ser humano y su ambiente, partiendo de la construcción de un modelo de ciudadanía orientada a propiciar espacios de participación efectiva para sectores vulnerables, particularmente, aquellos cuya salud y seguridad alimentaria se pueden ver afectadas por los efectos del cambio climático. Para tal efecto se acudió a un diseño metodológico de enfoque cualitativo que introdujo elementos interdisciplinares que combinaron elementos teóricos y metodológicos de la filosofía política y la sociología, empleando categorías como el metabolismo social, que permite trazar el impacto de la evolución humana y sus organizaciones políticas y sociales en relación con el ecosistema mundial a partir de sus fuentes energéticas.
Santafé de Bogotá: 1580
Authors: González Jaramillo José Manuel
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo usa los protocolos de escribanos de Santafé de Bogotá para estudiar diversas relaciones sociales en una ciudad colonial. Se construyó una base de datos tabulando las diferentes variables registradas en los protocolos, las cuales fueron analizadas a través de diferentes paquetes del programa estadístico ‘R’, especialmente ‘i-graph’, con el fin de crear una serie de gráficos que ilustran la complejidad de las relaciones sociales. Los resultados se confrontaron con otras fuentes para profundizar en la comprensión de la circulación de personas y bienes, particularmente a través de los créditos, contratos de trabajo y venta de propiedades. Finalmente, se presenta una discusión de los alcances y falencias de las metodologías utilizadas, y se proponen otras rutas posibles para futuras investigaciones.
Selling Mediation: Mimetic, Distancing, and Appellating Practices in the Marketing of an Emerging Profession
Authors: Woolford Andrew , Ratner R.
Published: July 2021

Individuals both within and outside the legal profession have been drawn by the ‘promise’ of mediation. In it they see a means for facilitating communicative exchanges between actors in conflict, which they view as a dramatic improvement on the adversarial practices of the formal legal system. However, despite the appeal of mediation to potential practitioners, there is not yet sufficient consumer demand to sustain the number of people who possess mediation skills. This has resulted in an overcrowded mediation market in which practitioners are forced to market themselves so as to compete for a limited clientele. In this context, the emerging mediation profession, with its still forming regulatory bodies, confronts the challenge of managing the image of mediation in the face of the increased marketing activities of mediators. In this paper we examine these marketing activities (described as mimetic, distancing and appellating practices) and their consequences for the public presentation of the mediation “profession.”
From Terrorism to Nonviolence and the Islamic Peace Paradigm: Jihad, Just War, Peace and Islamic Nonviolence
Authors: Ozcelik Sezai
Published: July 2021

Islamic contributions in the areas of peace, war, and nonviolence require to be revisited in post-September 11 world. With reinterpretation and redefinition of Islamic concepts of jihad (sacred struggle), sabr (patience), adl (justice), umma (community), sulha (reconciliation), hijra (exodus), diversity, and tolerance, this study attempts to contribute the Islamic understanding of war, peace, and nonviolence. Also, the story of Cain and Abel in the Qur’an shows an example for the nonviolent action together with other contemporary Islamic nonviolence actions such as Intıfıada, Kosovo, and Abdul Ghaffir Khan in Afghanistan. This study will examine the just war, qital (fighting), jihad (sacred struggle), Islamic peace and nonviolence.
Côte d’Ivoire Needs a New Conflict Resolution and Peace-building Strategy
Authors: Essis Essoh
Published: July 2021

The military and political crisis in Cote d’Ivoire is an illustration of the assertion that resistance is a concept embodying a multitude of meanings. The Ivorian parties have framed their civil war as the result of a conflict between several meanings of resistance. The presidential party claims to lead a nationalist resistance against neocolonial forces associated with the French government, as well as a Christian resistance against Islamic terrorism. The armed rebellion and the traditional political opposition contend that their actions are justified by a duty of resistance against ethnic and religious sectarianism, as well as Mr. Gbagbo’s despotic and unprincipled style of government. This article provides a critical analysis of current international efforts to resolve the Ivorian conflict, and particularly of the roadmap to peace adopted at Linas- Marcoussis, France, and later endorsed by the United Nations and other international actors as the appropriate framework for a peaceful and durable solution to the crisis. By presenting a set of principles and operational measures for an alternative conflict resolution strategy this article is focused on the creation of sustainable democratic institutions and their legitimization through a truly democratic process for writing and adopting a new Ivorian constitution. Whether or not in a post-9/11 world, conflicts such as those in the Cote d’Ivoire continue to be ignominiously ignored and marginalized by the United States is yet to be seen, but what this article proves is a need to establish a viable solution of lasting-peace for the region.
The Challenge of Terror: A Traveling Essay
Authors: Lederach John
Published: July 2021

So here I am, a week late arriving home, stuck between Colombia, Guatemala and Harrisonburg when our world changed. The images flash even in my sleep. The heart of America ripped. Though natural, the cry for revenge and the call for the unleashing of the first war of this century, prolonged or not, seems more connected to social and psychological processes of finding a way to release deep emotional anguish, a sense of powerlessness, and our collective loss than it does as a plan of action seeking to redress the injustice, promote change and prevent it from ever happening again. I am stuck from airport to airport as I write this, the reality of a global system that has suspended even the most basic trust. My Duracell batteries and finger nail clippers were taken from me today and it gave me pause for thought. I had a lot of pauses in the last few days. Life has not been the same. I share these thoughts as an initial reaction recognizing that it is always easy to take pot-shots at our leaders from the sidelines, and to have the insights they are missing when we are not in the middle of very difficult decisions. On the other hand, having worked for nearly 20 years as a mediator and proponent of nonviolent change in situations around the globe where cycles of deep violence seem hell-bent on perpetuating themselves, and having interacted with people and movements who at the core of their identity find ways of justifying their part in the cycle, I feel responsible to try to bring ideas to the search for solutions. With this in mind I should like to pen several observations about what I have learned from my experiences and what they might suggest about the current situation. I believe this starts by naming several key challenges and then asking what is the nature of a creative response that takes these seriously in the pursuit of genuine, durable, and peaceful change.
Conflict Mediation and Culture: Lessons from the Gambia
Authors: Davidheiser Mark
Published: July 2021

The issue of cultural variation in conflict mediation has attracted considerable interest, probably because of wide-ranging theoretical, methodological, and ethical implications. Scholars are raising increasing questions about both generic theories of the mediation process and past conceptualizations of the culture construct. This article reviews theoretical perspectives on culture and conflict mediation and discusses them in relation to fieldwork conducted in the Gambia among three ethnolinguistic groups. Some local and cross-cultural patterns in the mediation process were found. These patterns are associated with variables such as ethnicity, gender, and social status. However, comparative analysis on the individual level revealed considerable diversity in praxis, suggesting that cross-cultural studies should go beyond descriptions of group tendencies. Indeed, the amount of variation in the data implies a need to reconsider aspects of prevailing approaches to conflict mediation. The conclusion includes recommendations for further theory development and research on this vital topic.
The Role of Political Discourse in Conflict Transformation: Evidence from Northern Ireland
Authors: Hayward Katy
Published: July 2021

This article introduces this volume by constructing a model for analysing political discourse as an instrument of conflict and peace, drawing on evidence from the Northern Ireland case. It identifies three processes, or stages, in a peace process in which political discourse can play a unique and crucial role: (i) the construction of a (conceptual) framework within which negotiations can take place, (ii) the facilitation of agreement between moderate and extreme positions, and (iii) the forging of common ground. The motivating thesis of this research is that discourse analysis is a vital resource for deepening our knowledge of why, how and when violence can erupt and peace can be built.
Narratives of Legitimacy: Political Discourse in the Early Phase of the Troubles in Northern Ireland
Authors: Rosland Sissel
Published: July 2021

This article examines the discursive construction of legitimacy in the early phase of the Troubles in Northern Ireland. The empirical material covers the debate on internment without trial from 1971 till 1975 – a debate which involved conflicting claims of legitimacy. Some strongly defended internment as a legitimate step in the fight against the IRA, whilst others regarded it as an illegitimate measure employed by a corrupt political regime. These conflicting claims of legitimacy entailed a conceptual battle concerned with the construction and authorisation of political order. The article explores this battle along three dimensions: law, violence, and democracy.
“Humespeak”: The SDLP, Political Discourse, and the Northern Ireland Peace Process
Authors: McLoughlin P.
Published: July 2021

This paper explores the vital role played by the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) in the formulation of a new political discourse and conceptual approach to the Northern Ireland problem. In particular, it shows how John Hume, party leader through the 1980s and 1990s, helped to propagate this discourse, and in doing so influenced policy-making in London and Dublin, and thinking within the republican movement. Although the paper emphasises the importance of this influence, it concludes by considering the reasons why the Ulster unionist community have remained so unreceptive to the political discourse of Hume and the SDLP.
Social Cartography as a Tool for Conflict Analysis and Resolution: The Experience of the Afro-Colombian Communities of Robles
Authors: Bastidas Elena , Gonzales Carlos
Published: July 2021

The field of conflict resolution is in constant evolution. Every day, theories are defined and redefined, and new contributions are made to the field. This continuous process challenges scholars, researchers, and practitioners to develop new conceptual and methodological frameworks for the analysis of conflict. This article highlights the potential of social cartography (participatory mapping) as a tool for the transformation of environmental and social conflicts at the household, community, national, and international levels. The advantages of social cartography as an appraisal, planning, and analytical tool for conflict transformation are illustrated here with a case study of the Afro-Colombian community of Robles.
Community Relations Work with Young People in Vukovar, Croatia: An Exploratory Study in Coexistence Building
Authors: Kosic Ankica , Byrne Sean
Published: July 2021

This article discusses the role of non-governmental organizations in promoting peace education, coexistence, reconciliation and dialogue among young people in Vukovar, Croatia. We argue that reconciliation cannot be imposed from above, but must be built, nurtured and sustained from the bottom-up. Much of this work of dialogue building is carried out at the community level by grassroots organizations. We describe the types of civic organizations, the peacebuilding approaches used, as well as the sustainability, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and barriers for youth participation in these organizations. A number of in-depth interviews were conducted with representatives of civic organizations in Vukovar. Moreover, the methodology involved an analysis of programs and activities promoted by the community organizations. Findings illustrate that different strategies and activities are used by community organizations, which involve a relatively small number of participants and which do not have a developmental plan to follow young people after the termination of a project.
China’s Evolving “Double-Track” Socio-Legal System in Conflict Resolution
Authors: Li Jieli
Published: July 2021

Contemporary China's sociolegal control system is built upon a unique organizational arrangement which differs not only from other countries in the world but also from its own past. The very core of this organizational arrangement is what I define as a “double-track” socio-legality with laws and codified regulation mainly concentrated on economic and commercial sectors with the ruling party focusing its administrative control on political and ideological sectors. This institutional context is critical to understanding the nature of social control mechanism in China. The fact is that with all the laws and regulations promulgated in recent years, the newly developed “legal space”. if examined carefully, only indicates a long-term strategic effort of the Chinese government to adjust rather than abandon its existing socio-legality of conflict meditation and resolution, making it more adaptable to the new social environment shaped by the forces of globalization.
Introduction: Peacebuilding, Reconciliation, and Transformation
Authors: Senehi Jessica , Ryan Stephen , Byrne Sean
Published: July 2021

This introductory article in the special issue on Peacebuilding, Reconciliation, and Transformation highlights some of the central themes within the emergent field of Peace and Conflict Studies (PACS). The article discusses how this transdisciplinary field contributes to our understanding of some of the key issues that confront the PACS field in terms of analysis, theory building, and praxis. The contributors to this special issue provide a broad array of perspectives that explores conflicts and its transformation from a multidimensional perspective.
The Role of the European Union as a Peace Builder: Northern Ireland as a Case Study
Authors: Arthur Paul
Published: July 2021

The United Kingdom and Ireland joined the European Economic Community in 1973 at a time when bitter communal conflict engulfed Northern Ireland. It appeared to be a deviant case in a modernising Europe anxious to unleash the shackles of the first half of the twentieth century. In fact the unusual conjunction of conflict within a disputed region of the British/Irish archipelago and joint membership of the European Community offered an opportunity to move beyond the excessive intimacy of an ancient quarrel through different temporal and spatial lenses. This article addresses the issue of dealing with minority grievances in an inter- and intra-state dispute by analysing the role of functional regimes and the deliverance of “peace in parts” through the changing context of statehood within Europe where sovereignty may be divisible and borders more permeable. It will conclude that the EU has made an essential contribution to the changing relations between Britain and Ireland and to conflict management within Northern Ireland.
Restorative Classrooms: Critical Peace Education in a Juvenile Detention Home
Authors: Duckworth Cheryl
Published: July 2021

This article describes several of the more successful critical peace education methodologies and perspectives that I was able to bring to my classroom in a juvenile detention home. For example, reflective writing and community analysis of nonviolent peace movements formed the core of my curriculum, as did critical analysis of the social processes of stereotyping and dehumanization. As a result, numerous students grew in their ability to write, express empathy with others, identify bias and articulate critical analysis of their schools, among other political systems. This analysis will contribute to the growing body of work on the practice of critical peace education.
Disputes Over Water Resources: A History of Conflict and Cooperation in Drainage Basins
Authors: Kasymov Shavkat
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the analysis of conflict history over freshwater in several drainage basins across the planet. As will be demonstrated in this paper, unilateral water policies have proved to reduce the role and prospect of water treaties and international water sharing regimes, and led to political tensions and conflicts. The main argument of the essay is that unilateral diversions of water flows will instigate wars between riparian states because of the rising demand for freshwater in the future. Unilateral practices of water diversion create a situation of inequitable distribution of water among nation-states within a basin which is a prerequisite for a sustainable conflict. State policies have to aim to eliminate situations of inequitable distribution and increase accessibility to clean drinking water for populations across a river basin based on their needs in order to secure long-lasting peace and stability.
Economic Aid and Conflict Transformation in Northern Ireland and the Border Area: Respondents’ Perceptions of Awareness, Fairness, Trust Building, and Sustainability
Authors: Karari Peter , Byrne Sean , Skarlato Olga , Ahmed Kawser
Published: July 2021

Intractable ethnopolitical conflicts emanate from the social, political, cultural, and economic marginalization of some community groups. To address these conflicts, the affected groups are often provided with life changing opportunities to enhance justice, equality, dignity and freedom. In the past, Northern Ireland has been a turbulent sea of violent conflict between Unionists and Nationalists. To address the underlying root causes of the conflict, economic aid through the International Fund for Ireland (IFI) and the European Union (EU) Peace II Fund is aimed at facilitating sustainable peacebuilding, reconciliation and community development. In this study, 95 community group leaders, civil servants, and community development officers in Derry, Belfast and the Border Area were interviewed to explore their perceptions about the impact of economic aid in terms of fairness of the application criteria, awareness of both funds, trust building and sustainability. The findings inform future conflict transformation interventions geared towards sustainable peacebuilding, reconciliation and community development in Northern Ireland.
Faith-Based Peacebuilding: A Case Study of the National Council of Churches of Kenya
Authors: Githigaro John
Published: July 2021

This article explores the peacebuilding contribution of the National Council of Churches of Kenya (NCCK), following the post-2007 election violence in Kenya. Faith-based organizations are increasingly taking an active role in peacebuilding in conflict prone and affected societies. The paper presents research findings that the NCCK perceived that it was positively involved in areas of humanitarian assistance and building of bridges among communities divided by the violence. The paper contextualizes the triggers or the causes of the post-election violence in Kenya after the December 2007 elections and offers suggestions for peaceful co-existence.
Islamic Fundamentalism: A Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Berna D.
Published: July 2021

Islamic fundamentalist movements are inherently anti-system social movements. An anti-system social movement is designed to criticize governmental institutions and the political mainstream while mobilizing disaffected individuals against the existing sociopolitical and socioeconomic institutions. What is lacking in the mindset of many Western politicians, practitioners, the media, and the general public is a basic understanding of Islamic fundamentalism; specifically, the causes. This is the first quantitative analysis of potential causes of Islamic fundamentalism. I have created a unique data set that contains every Islamic fundamentalist group that is or has been in operation from 1970 through 2008. This fundamentalist data set has a total number of 16,072 fundamentalist movements. I will utilize the negative binomial fixed effects regression model and a comparison of each independent variable’s effect on the number of fundamentalist movements by looking at each independent variable’s minimum, mean, and maximum score.
Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts?
Authors: Sharqieh Ibrahim
Published: July 2021

This article examines the potential of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) to contribute to mediation of conflicts in the Muslim world. Based on interviews with OIC senior officials and government officials from Iraq and the Philippines, as well as research involving other primary and secondary sources, the author analyzes four cases in which the OIC participated in mediation efforts: the Philippines, Thailand, Iraq, and Somalia. The article concludes with an assessment of the advantages and challenges of including the OIC in such mediation efforts, as well as recommendations related to capacity-building and inter-organizational partnerships that might enhance the potential for the OIC to play a constructive role in conflicts involving the Muslim community.
Armor All: The Self-Conception of Private Security Contractors
Authors: Franke Volker
Published: July 2021

Whereas the values, attitudes and motivations of soldiers serving in their countries’ armed forces have been widely studied, to date we know very little about the motivations and self-conception of individuals working for the private security industry. Using data obtained through an online survey, this article explores the values, attitudes and identity of more than 200 private security contractors with law enforcement backgrounds and operational experience with a security firm in Iraq. Contrary to media dominating images of ruthless, money-grabbing mercenaries, respondents in this sample adhered to attitudes and values very similar to those of professional soldiers serving in Western militaries.
A Sequence Analysis of International Peace Operations: Japan’s Contribution to Human Security of East Timor
Authors: Akimoto Daisuke
Published: July 2021

Japan’s commitments to the UN-authorized peace operations in East Timor were the largest contribution the country has made in the history of its international peace operations. Notably, Japan’s participation in the peacebuilding operations in East Timor was based on “human security” as one of the pillars of its diplomatic policy. Moreover, Japan’s participation in the peace operations in East Timor was a touchstone issue for its human security policy. Yet, one simple but important question arises. How consistent were Japan’s commitments to the peace operations? In an attempt to answer to this question, this paper systematically examines Japan’s contributions to the international peace operations for East Timor. In order to investigate long-term and complicated activities in the peace operations, this paper employs timeline “sequence analysis” as a research method which combines and simplifies analytical models suggested in earlier scholarship. Through the application of sequence analysis, this paper investigates four stages of Japan’s contributions to the peace operations in East Timor: 1) preventive deployment (UNAMET), 2) peace-enforcement (INTERFET), 3) peacekeeping (UNTAET), and 4) peacebuilding (e.g. UNMISET). The findings of this research reveal to what extent Japan’s commitments to the peace operations were consistent and for human security of East Timor.
After a Century of Injustice: Moving Toward Turkish Recognition of the Armenian Genocide
Authors: Blunt Ashley
Published: July 2021

Nearly one hundred years have passed since the Armenian genocide, which prefaced and in some ways encouraged the Holocaust – yet the Turkish government continues to deny the genocide and uses political manipulation to prevent its recognition by others. The denial’s history has been one of collaborative repression, but in recent years Turkish voices have joined with Armenians’ in the struggle for recognition; collaborative struggle, particularly in recognition of shared history, may represent the best chance to pressure Turkey to federally recognize the genocide. This paper explores the machinations of the denial and its significance in the twenty-first century, as well as the consequences of the Armenian genocide for its victims and their descendants. As a global perspective drawn from Armenian diaspora studies demonstrates, the genocide remains a significant part of a global consciousness of pan-Armenian identity. This identity remains trapped as a victim of the genocide, just as the denial entraps Turkish identity.
The scent of coffee
Authors: Forero Elias
Published: July 2021

While the aroma multinationals take notice, we can place our coffee pots in the waiting rooms and health facilities. We will manage to reduce the anxiety of our patients and at the same time they enjoy a good cup of coffee.
Sustainable Irrigation through Application of Hydrogel: A Review
Authors: Prakash Surya , Vasudevan Sriram , Banerjee Ankush , Joe Aditya C , Geetha K.N. , Mani Shibu K
Published: July 2021

Agricultural sustainability is essential to enhance food and water security, particularly in the context of climate change. In the recent past, applications of hydrogels in agriculture have received substantial attention among researchers as well as among farmers. This review elaborates on various aspects of hydrogels such as classifications, ideal properties for agricultural application, and interaction mechanisms with soil and plants. The experimental methods for determining hydrogel properties were given specific attention as properties such as swelling, retention, slow release, and degradation are of vital importance to agricultural sustainability. The studies conducted over the years on the effect of hydrogel application on different crops are reviewed. Several hydrogel studies demonstrate significant improvement in water consumption, water use efficiency, crop growth and yield parameters. The review looks into hydrogel degradation mechanisms in soil and also the ‘test methods’ for assessment of biodegradation. The gap areas in research on hydrogels and agricultural sustainability have also been identified. The need for developing a framework for the evaluation of the suitability of hydrogel for agricultural applications has been brought out. The review would encourage further research on enhancing the ideal properties of hydrogel and synthesizing with natural polymers. The use of hydrogel in agriculture for controlled nutrient release could be an alternative to conventional release methods for fertilizers and pesticides, thereby reducing the environmental footprint. The reduction in water footprint in major crops such as paddy and wheat through hydrogel might establish a shift towards sustainable irrigation practices if adopted on a large scale. Integrating innovative solutions with environmental-friendly hydrogels in the coming decades will contribute to the pursuit of achieving sustainable development goals.
The Effect of Hormone Treatments on Germination and Seedling Characters of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Seeds
Authors: Gur Ezgi
Published: July 2021

Medicinal Sage is consumed as tea in sore throat and kidney diseases caused by cold and flu. It also has sedative, diuretic, antiperspirant and disinfectant effects. Thujone, which is found in the essential oil of Salvia officinalis species, is an essential oil component with very strong antiseptic and antibiotic effects. Sage (Salvia officinalis), which is a medicinal and an aromatic plant and has a wide area of usage, is cultivated due to these properties. However, the most critical cost item in the production of sage is the weeding done in the first years. The understory weeding done without using herbicides continues until the sage seedlings shield the soil and prevent the development of other herbs. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of hormone treatment on germination success and seedling morphological characters in sage seeds. Within the scope of this research, sage seeds were planted by being exposed to IAA, IBA, GA3 and NAA hormones at 1000, 2500 and 5000 ppm concentrations for 3 to 5 seconds and at 50, 100 and 200 ppm doses for 24 hours, and thus 26 applications were performed together with the control groups. The seeds were planted in sterile peat medium after the hormone treatments, and the effect of hormone treatments on the germination percentage and some seedling characters was tried to be found after 30 days of germination. As a result of the research, it was found that the hormone treatments positively affected most of seedling characters.
Optimal Controllers for Grid Connected Re System and their Challenges: A Brief Review
Authors: Lakshminarayana P. , Rosalina K. Mercy , Rao M. Umamaheswara , Krishna K. Bala
Published: July 2021

A conquest for Science and also Technology and also the ever-growing planet of innovation trigger numerous innovations. Currently India demandingly picking to beat non-renewable fuel sources sparsity issues along with Renewable Energy Sources (RES). Renewable Energy Sources needs intricate innovations for the usage. Renewable resource resources and also modern technologies possess prospective to supply options to the enduring electricity troubles being actually experienced due to the establishing nations. The renewable resource resources like wind power, solar power, geothermal power, electricity, biomass electricity and also energy tissue innovation may be made use of to get over electricity lack in India. To overcome the power demand for such a fast-growing economic climate, India will certainly need an ensured source of 3- 4 times extra power than the overall power consumed today. This work reviews different control techniques and proposes a new control technique Optimal Recurrent Neural Networks (ORNN) based Controller to mitigate the power quality (PQ) disturbances of power system. In the proposed approach, optimal weight selection is employed for enhancing the learning procedure of RNN (ORNN). Here, ORNN technique is utilized for selecting the ideal control signal of grid inverter through optimal adjustments of the control variables in the power system. The proposed strategy creates the ideal control of the grid inverter which tries to enhance the power quality of a power system and manage the line voltage by providing reactive power compensation. This paper reviews several papers with different control strategies applied to the grid connected inverter.
Ayrılmış Demiryolu Hatlarında Mekik Trenler İçin Mikro-Simülasyon Tabanlı Taşımacılık Kapasitesi Analizi
Authors: YILDIRIM Mehmet Sinan , GÖKKUŞ Ümit , KARASAHİN Mustafa
Published: July 2021

Son yıllarda dünyada ticaret hacminin artması ile birlikte, lojistik köyler ve kuru limanlar ile limanlardaki yük akışının düzenlenmesi ve sıkışıklığın azaltılması gibi faydalar sağlanmıştır. Bu tesislerin faydalarından bütüncül bir şekilde yararlanmak için liman ve tesisler arasında düzenli bir yük akışının sağlanması gerekmekte, bu amaçla demiryolu yük taşımacılığının kullanımı son yıllarda gittikçe artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada yük aktarma tesisleri arasında yüksek kapasiteli ve güvenilir bir yük taşımacılığı yapılabilmesi amacıyla, mekik trenlerin taşımacılık kapasitesinin hesaplanması için mikro-simülasyon destekli bir yöntem geliştirilmiş ve örnek bir liman için uygulaması yapılmıştır. Dizel elektrikli ve elektrikli lokomotif kullanım senaryoları, farklı vagon sayıları ve örnek bir güzergah için lokomotif çeker hesapları yapılarak tren hareketlerinin mikro-simülasyon yazılımı kullanılarak modellenmesi ile işletme hızları ve sefer süreleri ortaya konmuştur. Sonrasında kesitlerde hesaplanan sefer süreleri kullanılarak farklı tren sayıları için hat taşımacılık kapasitesi belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada daha yüksek cer kuvvetine sahip olan elektrikli lokomotiflerin kullanımının dizel elektrikli lokomotiflere oranla daha yüksek yük taşımacılığı kapasitesinin sağlanmasına katkı sağlayabileceği sonucuna varılmış, aynı zamanda mikro-simülasyon yöntemi ve lokomotif çekim hesapları kullanılarak gerçekçi tren sefer süreleri hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada yapılan kapasite hesabında ise 8 saatlik operasyon süresi boyunca hat kapasitesinin çalıştırılan tren sayısı ile arttığı ve elektrikli lokomotif kullanımında hat kapasitesinin dizel elektrik lokomotife oranla 4 adet lokomotifin işletimi durumunda %6,25 oranında arttığı görülmüştür.
Impact of Price, Product Quality, and Promotion on Consumer Satisfaction in Cosmetics and Skincare
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember, Gunawan Wibowo Yohanes
Published: July 2021

Currently, cosmetics are one of the important needs for most women. In addition to beauty reasons, cosmetics are often associated with professionalism where professional workers are required to look attractive so that the use of cosmetics is one way to support appearance. . The purpose of the study was to determine and analyze the effect of price, product quality, and promotion on consumer satisfaction at Alfabelenskin Pusat Banyuwangi. This research is a quantitative descriptive study using purposive sampling method with a sample of 100 respondents. Validity test and reliability test are used to test the measuring instrument in the form of a questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the effect of independent variables consisting of price, product quality, and promotion on customer satisfaction. The results showed that price, product quality and promotion had a positive and significant influence on consumer satisfaction at Alfabelenskin Pusat Banyuwangi
Assessing the Dynamics of Urban Growth and Land Use Changes in Jeli Using Geospatial Technique
Authors: Abdul Karim Muhammad Firdaus , Muhammad Marinah , Jemali Noor Janatun Naim , Achmad Bahar Arham Muchtar
Published: July 2021

Land use change pattern in Jeli is been given a focus as part of tool for land planning anddevelopment. An increasing of population in Jeli make this study is relevant to aid an understandingon land use changes in this area due to the demanded for development and rapid land utilisation.Land use change pattern can be obtained via geospatial technique by Geographical InformationSystem (GIS) together with satellite imagery analysis. In this study, land use maps produced fromsupervised classification using maximum likelihood algorithm give a high accuracy of 92.05%.From classified land use images, urban expansion index (SI) were then calculated from year 1984to 2012. Pearson’s correlation analysis discovered a strong negative correlation between forest andagricultural areas which reflected that with increased of agriculture area, forest reserve was founddepleted. The SI of Jeli showed a low to rapid growth in 1994 and 1997 to 2012 respectively. Thestudy reflected the progressive development in Jeli promotes sustainable usage of forest area wheneffort of reforestation was carried out forming a co-existence land use category between forest andagriculture.
Floristic composition, diversity and structure of Khaya senegalensis stands in Benue Department, Cameroon
Authors: Victor Awé Djongmo , Valery Noiha Noumi Valery , Chantal Madou Chantal , Louis Zapfack
Published: July 2021

The present work has been done to provide basic data for a better conservation and valorization ofKhaya senegalensis stands in Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon. A 100 m x 50 m transectmethod was undertaken to measure floristic diversity through the use of species richness,Shannon index, Pielou equitability, Simpson index, importance value index and importance valuefamily. The vegetation structure is determined by density, basal area and biovolume. Theinventory included trees with a dbh ?10 cm on an area of 1 ha per plot. A total of 6743individuals distributed in 24 families, 33 genera and 54 species were inventoried in all Khayasenegalensis stands studied. Statistical analysis showed significant differences, Shannon index,Simpson index, Pielou equitability, density, basal area, biovolume, species richness, heights class,diameters class, circumferences class but does not certify a significant difference of importancevalue index among in the villages. The undergrowth of Khaya senegalensis stands is more diverseat Bamé with a Shannon diversity index (ISH=5.87 ± 0.12 bit). The greatest of Pielou equitabilityis observed at Bamé (EQ=0.80 ± 0.01). The largest of Simpson index is recorded at Bamé(D=0.098 ± 0.001). Khaya senegalensis Stands are denser at Bamé (194 ± 3.12 individuals/ha).The basal area and biovolume of Khaya senegalensis stands are very high at Bamé (BA=25.87 ±0.06 m2/ha and Biovolume =15.32 ± 0.012 m3/ha). The species importance value is maximal in allthe studied villages (SIV=300 ± 71.45). The importance value index of species revealed a cleardominance in the undergrowth of Khaya senegalensis stands are Combretum adenogonium;Acacia senegal; Terminalia laxiflora; Guiera senegalensis; Acacia nilotica; Entada Africana.The vertical structure has three aspects, like the L (Dbh), asymmetric (height) and dissymmetrical(circumference) structures attesting to a strong regeneration of the understory ligneous woods ofKhaya senegalensis stands studied.
Limitations in Pigeon Keeping: A Review
Authors: Kabir M. Ashraful
Published: July 2021

Pigeons are showing remarkable progress with more profit. This sector has many potential markets in the country. After visiting some pigeon houses, many limitations have been come out. Many rearers collect pigeons based on only physical appearance, and in the long run, they cannot get pure offspring. King pigeon is considered a table breed in the world but in Bangladesh rearers keep them as a common fancy item. Pigeons do not get their nutritious food from the owners. Result suggests that many rare pigeons are caught by predators and due to unwanted dirt in those lofts birds are affected by many diseases. Some remarkable farms are showing quality environment in their lofts and getting desirable profit.
KONSEP ILMU PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Supriatman Yan Yan
Published: July 2021

Muslims have made the Qur'an as a book that presents all instructions covering all aspects of life and is universal. By using qualitative research methods in the form of library research in this study, at least it can be found how the concept of Islamic education science with a philosophical study approach. The Qur'an in which discusses all aspects of human life, even the entire nature and all its contents are discussed in it. Especially in the field of education, Muslims make the basis of educational science both in terms of ontology, epistemology and axiology based on the Qur'an. This education is one of the efforts or actions to shape / guide humans because it is included in the scope of muamalah adabiyah. This education has an important meaning because it determines the pattern and form of charity and human life, both as individuals, social and divine beings. Islamic education with its various delivery methods and various learning materials aims to develop the nature of students, both spiritually, physically, willingly, and dynamically, so that a complete and supportive person will be formed for the implementation of his function as caliph fi al-ardh. So that Islamic education is tasked with guiding and developing students from stage to stage of life until they reach the point of optimal ability.
KARAKTERISTIK PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM PADA LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Ishak Ishak
Published: July 2021

Islamic Religious Education is also a conscious and planned effort in preparing students to recognize, understand, live, to believe, be pious, and have noble character. As for the basis of Islamic Religious Education is the Qur'an and Hadith. The purpose of Islamic Religious Education is to foster religious people, which means humans who are able to carry out the teachings of the Islamic religion properly and perfectly, so that they are reflected in attitudes and actions in all their lives. The characteristics of Islamic religious education are those that refer to definite rules, consider two sides of life, namely the world and the hereafter, have the mission of moral formation, are believed to be sacred tasks and serve as worship.
Az Európai Bíróság CETA-véleménye és a beruházásvédelmi bíráskodás jövője
Authors: Szabados Tamás
Published: July 2021

Az Európai Unió Bírósága 1/17. számú véleményében arra a következtetésre jutott, hogy a Kanada és az Európai Unió (EU, Unió) között létrejött átfogó gazdasági és kereskedelmi megállapodásban (CETA) foglalt beruházási jogviták rendezésére létrehozott mechanizmus nem ütközik az uniós jogba. Az Európai Bíróság által adott megerősítés azért lényeges, mert a CETA szabályai modellként szolgálhatnak az Unió által a későbbiekben megkötendő, beruházásvédelmi szabályokat is tartalmazó megállapodások, valamint a tervezett multilaterális beruházási bíróság számára is. Ugyanakkor a CETA szabályainak elemzése felvet bizonyos kételyeket, mivel úgy tűnik, a vitarendezési eljárás egyes előírásai – az Európai Bíróság álláspontja ellenére – kihatással lehetnek az uniós jogrend autonómiájára.
Management of Public Information Services General Election Supervisory Agency of South Kalimantan Province
Authors: Fatori Ach. , Mahyuni Mahyuni , Sompa Andi Tenri
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the management process of Public Information Services at the General Elections Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) of South Kalimantan Province in terms of the functions of planning, organizing and implementing as well as the constraints that exist in the service process. This research was conducted with a qualitative descriptive type approach and data collection was carried out by means of interviews, documentation studies and observations. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the Provincial Bawaslu's public information service management to the public is still not optimal. This is due to several obstacles including the absence of a strategic plan, minimal budget support, limited human resources, and imperfect regulations.
Synthetic THC Use Among University Students: An Exploration of Perceived Harm, Ease of Access, and Friends' Use
Authors: Vidourek Rebecca , King Keith , Burbage Michelle
Published: July 2021

The present study examined perceived harm, ease of access, friends’ use, and extent of lifetime synthetic THC use among (N = 338) university students. Demographics, including sex and grade, also were investigated. Results indicated that students’ who perceived synthetic THC as harmful were less likely to use synthetic THC in their lifetime. Students’ reporting synthetic THC as easy to obtain were more likely to use synthetic THC. Findings indicated that students’ lifetime use was impacted by friends’ use. Although more men and upper classmen reported using synthetic THC, no significant differences for use among sex or grade levels were found.  These findings should be considered when developing synthetic THC prevention and intervention programs for university students.
The Role of Health Education Specialists in Conducting Rapid HIV Testing
Authors: Santella Anthony , Fraser Jacquie , Prehn Angela
Published: July 2021

There are over one million people living with HIV in the United States; an estimated 16% are unaware of their status. More innovative testing strategies are needed, as evidence suggests that persons most at risk for HIV, or who may present with early infections, are not being reached. Expanding the role of health education specialists can make HIV testing routine and more accessible, and help achieve the national goals of decreasing HIV infection and increasing knowledge of HIV status. This paper focuses on the role of Certified Health Education Specialists (CHES)/Master CHES as being professionally prepared to conduct HIV testing.
Exploring the Relationships of Physical Activity, Emotional Intelligence, and Mental Health Among College Students
Authors: Bhochhibhoya Amir , Branscum Paul , Taylor E. Laurette , Hofford Craig
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship among physical activity (PA), emotionalintelligence (EI), and mental health in a sample of university undergraduate students (n=438). All participants were asked to complete three standardized assessments: the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test, and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Results showed that participants who reported higher levels of PA scored significantly higher in Global EI (p = 0.031) and mental health (p = 0.049) compared to participants with moderate and low levels of PA. Results also indicated that whereas Global EI was a significant predictor of PA, it was mediated by the relationship between mental health and PA.