bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Move to Online Learning during COVID-19 Lockdown: Pre-Service Teachers’ Experiences in Ghana
Authors: Ogbonnaya Ugorji I. , Awoniyi Florence C. , Matabane Mogalatjane E.
Published: December 2020

The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has brought another dimension to teaching and learning across the levels of education. The lockdown imposed in many countries to curtail the pandemic forced many institutions of learning to shift to the online mode of teaching and learning. Using a descriptive survey research design, this study explored the online learning experiences of pre-service teachers at a Ghanaian university during the COVID-19 lockdown. The study focused on the pre-service teachers’ preparedness for online learning in terms of their digital literacy and technological devices used for online learning, their positive online learning experiences, and the challenges they encountered learning online. The findings suggested that the pre-service teachers were digitally literate and mostly accessed online learning using smartphones. Besides, online learning enabled them to communicate and collaborate actively with their course mates and lecturers. It was found that the flexibility of online learning increased the students’ motivation to learn. However, poor internet connectivity, the high cost of data, erratic power supply, lack of appropriate devices, inability to effectively manage their time, and family interruptions were some of the challenges experienced by the pre-service teachers.
Ler a filosofia em Barthes
Authors: Araujo Rodrigo da Costa
Published: December 2020

Resenha crítica do livro Barthes Filósofico. Barthes Filósofo, de Luís G Soto (2015) é um ensaio aproximativo da semiologia barthesiana com a filosofia. Resultam dessas aproximações uma escrita cristalina e fluida, que desdobra os paralelos entre literatura/crítica literária e filosofia, entre pensamento filosófico e criação estética, lançando, possivelmente, os fundamentos dos pressupostos de Barthes
Construção literária do sujeito nos diários ficcionais para a juventude
Authors: Mendes Teresa
Published: December 2020

Analisa comparativamente dois diários ficcionais para a juventude, publicados em Portugal durante os anos 90 do século XX, Diário de Sofia & Cª (aos 15 anos), de Luísa Ducla Soares, e Diário Secreto de Camila, de Ana Maria Magalhães e Isabel Alçada, enfatizando os mecanismos textuais e narrativos de o sujeito enunciativo se construir literariamente, num processo descontínuo e fragmentário em que o registo íntimo e confessional tem como propósito convocar o potencial leitor adolescente e juvenil para a leitura sensível das obras.
Literatura infantojuvenil e práticas de leitura
Authors: De Oliveira Wilbett Rodrigues
Published: December 2020

Resenha do livro Literatura Infantojuvenil: leituras e perspectivas, de Teresa Mendes Cotia, SP: Editora Cajuína, 2020. v. 2. ISBN 978-65-86270-33-4.
Knowledge Sharing Through MS SharePoint
Authors: Weldon Lorette
Published: December 2020

Microsoft SharePoint is being used in Government, private, public and association offices throughout the United States. SharePoint was created to increase accountability for projects within a team environment. How could SharePoint help increase accountability in information management? This article will review SharePoint’s positive and negative characteristics in the hopes of helping information professionals understand what SharePoint really is in the information world and how it can be applied to libraries and other information management organizations.
Improving the Effectiveness of Librarian-Faculty Collaboration on Library Collection Development
Authors: Shen Lan
Published: December 2020

Librarian-faculty relations are essential to library collection development. This paper discusses, first of all, the reasons for the customary disconnect between librarians and faculty in light of their different priorities, visions, expertise, and status. In an attempt to bridge the librarian-faculty separation, a horizontal strategy is proposed focusing on financial collaborations between the library and other academic departments on campus, such as adopting the balanced budget, fair and rotated resource allocation, and prioritized investment through providing a General Reserve Fund. A vertical strategy is also proposed defined as an organizational and professional partnership through three different vertical levels, namely, the university, unit (department/program), and individual levels. At the university level, while the collaboration needs to cover the areas of book selection, evaluation, preservation, weeding, and cancellation, it should also rely on campus-wide workshops as an effective way of improving collection development and professional training. At the unit level, in addition to the department liaison model, it is advisable to organize specific forums focusing on the special needs required by different academic programs and departments. Individual level collaboration is critical to achieving the proposed goals as all institutional strategies must rely on individual efforts. Librarians should provide individual, informal, and customized outreach services.
Karşıtlıkların Anlambilimsel Söylem Ezgisi: Hafif ve Ağır Düğüm Sözcükleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: GÜNDOĞDU Ayşe Eda
Published: December 2020

Dilsel kodlar, birey ve toplumun duygu/düşünce üretme ve aktarma düzeneklerinin başında gelmektedir. Bu açıdan dil üzerinden gerçekleştirilen araştırmalar yalnızca dilin içkin özelliklerini ortaya koymamakta, aynı zamanda dilsel kullanımları şekillendiren bireysel ya da toplumsal şemaları derinlemesine inceleme fırsatı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada geleneksel görüşte karşıt yapılar olarak değerlendirilen sözcük çiftlerinin sözceye aktardığı çeşitli tutumsal nitelikler konu edilmektedir. Çalışmada hafif ve ağır sözcük çifti araştırma nesnesi olarak seçilmiştir. Söz konusu sözcük çiftinin seçilmesinin en temel nedeni, geleneksel dilbilgisinde karşıtsal olarak konumlandırılmalarına rağmen, değişmeceli anlam düzeylerinde karşıtlık koşullarını her zaman sağlayamadıkları varsayımı ve bu varsayımın devamı olarak anlambilimsel söylem ezgisi oluşturma açısından dizgeye bağlı bir biçimde olumluluk, olumsuzluk, yansızlık gibi farklı tutumsal değerleri kodlayabilme potansiyeline sahip olmalarıdır. Bu kapsamda, Türkçede hafif ve ağır sözcük çiftine ilişkin kavramlaştırmaların farklı bağlamlarda ne tür duygusal/tutumsal işlemlemelerden geçtiği ve bu işlemlemelerin dil aracılığıyla nasıl somutlaştırıldığı araştırmanın temel sorularındandır.
Beur Yazını ve Verlan Dili: Fransa’daki Kuzey Afrika Göç(er) Söylemi
Authors: TİLBE Ali , TOPALOĞLU Yusuf
Published: December 2020

1980’li yıllarda, adını Arap sözcüğünün hecelerinin yer değiştirilmesiyle elde edilen Verlan Dili ile bu süreçte gelişen Beur Yazını, yeni bir yazar kuşağını yazın evrenine taşımıştır. Beur yazını, Kuzey Afrika kökenli ya da Fransa'da doğup büyüyen Kuzey Afrika göçerlerinin özgün söylemidir. Göçün etkisiyle sömürgecilik sonrası ortaya çıkan bu yazınsal akımın romanlarının genç anlatı kişileri, sürekli bir iç çatışma içinde olup, iki ekin, iki yaşam ve iki toplum arasında algılanan göç acısı, eşitsizlik ve sömürgeleştirme duygusu içinde parçalanırlar. Özellikle 2005 yılından başlayarak, Yörekent Yazını, daha sonra da Çağdaş Kent Yazını ya da Dünya-Yazını olarak tanımlanan metinler, yazın ve dilbilim dünyasında bütünüyle yeni bir araştırma ve eleştiri nesnesi olarak belirmiştir. Beur Yazını romanlarında yazar, farklı kökenlerden, ekinlerden ve Arapça, Berber, Afrika ve Karayip ile Çingene dillerinden oluşan toplulukların dil uygulamalarını birlikte kullanarak çoğul ve karma yeni bir dilsel / söylemsel uzam oluşturmuştur. Biz bu çalışmada Mağrip ülkelerinden ulusötesi göç sonrası Fransa’da gelişen Beur yazını ve Verlan dilini, tarihsel ve kuramsal bağlamda incelemeyi amaçlıyoruz.

Beur literature and Verlan language: North African Mover Discourse in France

In the 1980s, Beur literature, whose name was derived by the displacement of syllables of the Arabic word, referred to as the Verlan language, carried a new generation of writers into the literary universe. Beur literature is the narrative language of North African movers/immigrants of North African descent or born and raised in France. The young narrative persons of the novels of this literary current, which are brought about by the influence of mobility, are in constant internal conflict, falling apart in a sense of perceived mobility burden, inequality, and colonization between two cultures, two lives, and two societies. Especially beginning in 2005, texts described as suburban literature have emerged as an entirely new object of research and criticism in the world of literature and linguistics. In Beur literature novels, the author has created a new linguistic space, plural and mixed, using the linguistic practices of communities of different origins, cultures and languages such as Arabic, Berber, African and Caribbean languages, and the languages of the Gypsy genre together. In this study, we aim to focus on the main aspects of bilingualism, multiculturalism, the search for identity, double alienation, expatriation, acculturation and harmony that the representatives of this paper focus on, after examining the Beur literature that developed in the Francophone literature with its historical and theoretical dimensions.
Alginate-Mediated Synthesis of Hetero-Shaped Silver Nanoparticles and their Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing ability
Authors: Bhagyaraj Sneha , Krupa Igor
Published: December 2020

Silver nanoparticles have been the focus of extensive research for many decades due to their unique physical, chemical and electrical properties. Introducing new environmentally benign methods for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles is of great interest in the research community. In this work we propose a new method for the simple synthesis of stable heterostructured biopolymer (sodium alginate)-capped silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) based on green chemistry.The as-prepared nanoparticles were characterized using the ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The results showed that the as-prepared Ag-NPs have a heterostructured morphology with particle size in the range 30 ± 18 – 60 ± 25 nm, showing a zeta potential of -62 mV. The silver nanoparticle formation was confirmed from UV-Vis spectra showing 424 nm as maximum absorption. The particle size and crystallinity of the as- synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed using TEM and XRD measurements respectively. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of alginate as capping agent to stabilize the nanoparticles. The Ag-NPs also showed excellent sensing capability, with a linear response to hydrogen peroxide spanning a wide range of concentrations from 10-1 – 10-7 M, which indicates their high potential for water treatment applications, such as pollution detection and nanofiltration composites.
Criminalizing Terrorist Babble: Canada's Dubious New Terrorist Speech Crime
Authors: Forcese Craig , Roach Kent
Published: December 2020

Before the introduction of Bill C-51, the Canadian government expressed interest in a terrorism “glorification” offence, responding to Internet materials regarded by officials as terrorist propaganda and as promoting “radicalization.” Bill C-51 introduces a slightly less broad terrorism offence that applies to those who knowingly promote or advocate “terrorism offences in general” while knowing or being reckless as to whether terrorism offences “may be committed as a result of such communication.” This article addresses the merits of these new speech-based terrorism offences. It includes analyses of: the sociological data concerning radicalization and “radicalization to violence”; existing offences that apply to speech associated with terrorism; comparative experience with glorification crimes; and the restraints that the Charter would place on any similar Canadian law. We conclude that a glorification offence would be ill-suited to Canada’s social and legal environment and that even the slightly more restrained new advocacy offence is flawed. This is especially true for Charter purposes given the less restrictive alternative of applying existing terrorism and other criminal offences to hate speech and speech that incites, threatens, or facilitates terrorism. We are also concerned that the new speech offence could have counter-productive practical public safety effects. We favour that part of Bill C-51 that allows for court-ordered deletion of material on the Internet that was criminal before Bill C-51, namely material that counsels the commission of terrorism offences. However, Bill C-51’s broader provision that allows for the deletion of material that “advocates or promotes the commission of terrorism offences in general” suffers the same flaws as its enactment of a new offence for communicating such statements.
Contribution Among Contract Breakers: A Case Comment on Isfeld v. Petersen Pontiac Buick GMC (Alta.) Inc.
Authors: Agarwal Ranjan , Beaulne Gannon
Published: December 2020

No abstract available
Severance Pay and the Older Worker: Negotiated Versus Litigated Outcomes Under Canadian Common Law
Authors: Thornicroft Kenneth Wm.
Published: December 2020

The North American workforce is aging and workers are increasingly working beyond normal retirement age. Although mandatory retirement has largely been abandoned in Canada, employers still have the common law right to terminate employees without just cause by giving reasonable notice of dismissal. Where no, or insufficient, notice is given, the dismissed employee can file a civil action for wrongful dismissal. This article examines whether older workers are treated differently relative to younger workers in the assessment of reasonable notice. This question is examined in both an experimental negotiation simulation and by a statistical analysis of all Canadian appellate court decisions addressing reasonable notice issued during the 12-year period from 2000 to 2011.
The Scope and Meaning of Reasonableness Review
Authors: Daly Paul
Published: December 2020

This article draws attention to the post-Dunsmuir framework regarding the standard of review of administrative action and the Supreme Court of Canada’s reluctance to engage in grand theorizing about the general principles of judicial review. The article explores the uncertainty surrounding the application of the standard of reasonableness and what factors can or should be taken into consideration during its application. The article identifies four key problems — the scope of the post-Dunsmuir framework, the scope of its correctness category, the difficult relationship between the reasons given for a decision and the substantive reasonableness of the decision in question, and the emergence of difficult distinctions bedevilling the application of the reasonableness standard. Through identifying weaknesses in the current administration of reasonableness review, it is hoped that the courts, sooner rather than later, will adopt a unified approach for using the reasonableness standard of review.
The Police Officer’s Plight: The Intersection of Policing and the Law
Authors: Cyr Kevin
Published: December 2020

The article examines the interaction and tension between the attitudes of the police and the courts in the context of the criminal justice system. Canadian laws governing the authority of the police are argued to be generally permissive but lacking in clear and specific definition. Because of this, their application may be highly subjective which causes problems when the police and the courts have different expectations for the role of the police. Police generally adopt a crime control approach in their investigative processes while courts tend to use a due process approach in trials. The article examines the factors within law enforcement, as well as broader societal elements, which lead to police adopting a crime control approach. Also examined are behavioural and situational elements that influence police officers’ decisions, particularly when they work from a presumption of guilt. This approach often conflicts with the legal presumption of innocent until proven guilty that is required in the trial process. This creates tensions, especially when police are required to explain their decisions and actions in the course of a trial. The article argues that the lack of clarity in the laws of police authority has resulted in police officers defaulting to a crime control approach, since it matches their view of their role in society. It conflicts, however, with the courts’ assumptions of what police behaviour should be, which leads to tension between the two institutions.
The Many Dimensions of Softwood Lumber
Authors: Dunoff Jeffrey L.
Published: December 2020

The Softwood Lumber dispute between Canada and the United States is one of the longest and most expensive trade disputes in history. However, the Softwood Lumber dispute has been, if not misunderstood, at least underappreciated. To date, the dispute has attracted attention because of the substantial economic interests involved, the complexity and length of the litigation, and the doctrinal implications of the various decisions rendered in domestic and international proceedings. This paper seeks to demonstrate that Softwood Lumber's central importance lies elsewhere; for trade scholars, Softwood Lumber is of interest because it exposes three of the central challenges facing the international trade regime: the potential displacement of an international regime by a spaghetti bowl of regional and bilateral treaties; the status of international trade norms in domestic courts; and the problem of selective and halting compliance by powerful states. But these challenges are, in turn, instantiations of three central challenges facing the field of public international law, namely the fragmentation of international law; the relationships among proliferating transnational courts; and the limits of (international) legalization. Thus, the systemic issues raised by Softwood Lumberprovide a tour d’horizon of debates central to contemporary international trade law and public international law.
Is Development a Lost Paradise? Trade, Environment, and Development: A Triadic Dream of International Law
Authors: Acharya Upendra D.
Published: December 2020

After providing a brief background on international law, the history of the right to development is discussed. International law, as it exists today, has been abused by developed nations in their position of power over underdeveloped nations. The right to development, first formalized by the United Nations in 1986 with the Declaration on the Right to Development, was meant to give people of the developing world a right to development. However, the right to development has been supplanted by the concept of sustainable development, as orchestrated by the developed nations. It was hopeful that organizations like the World Trade Organization would implement the right to development through trade; however, these organizations have become merely a tool for the developed nations and associated corporations to continue their dominance over developing nations. Environmental concerns in recent times have shifted the international focus from the right to development to sustainable development, and the right to development has been overlooked. A legal right to development must be recognized before sustainable development can be applied as a tool to benefit underdeveloped nations through environmental and trade-related policy.
Should or Must?: Nature of the Obligation of States to Use Trade Instruments for the Advancement of Environmental, Labour, and Other Human Rights
Authors: Powell Stephen J.
Published: December 2020

This article examines whether customs, treaties, and historical facts have caused the ethical human rights obligations of economically powerful states to assume a legal quality. The author argues that the legal quality of these obligations may arise from the global harm principle of international law and human rights obligations found in treaties. As a consequence, states may be held accountable for the human rights violations of transnational corporations. Further, the author examines the possibility of pursuing claims under the U.S. Alien Tort Statute for torts committed in violation of international treaties as another avenue for enforcing human rights obligations.
Can the World's Poorest Women Be Saved?: A Critical Third World Feminist Analysis of the CEDAW's Rural Women's Economic Rights and Alternative Approaches to Women's Economic Empowerment
Authors: Ulrich Amanda
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the continued subordination of Third World women, despite the protections implemented by international law. The author focuses on the experience of impoverished women living in rural areas, and how initiatives implemented by international organizations and international human rights documents such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, although well-intentioned, have not been successful in improving the social and economic position of women. In analyzing these initiatives, the author adopts a Third World Feminist Approach, concluding with a discussion of the reliance of Thirld World women upon models outside the realm of international law in order to improve their rights and economic status.
Who Can Be Examined for Discovery: The Evolution of Rule 200(1) and its Application Under the Proposed Rules of Court
Authors: Ferguson, Q.C. Thomas H. , Yoshida Douglas T. , Thoreson Kirsten A.
Published: December 2020

This article examines the evolution of r. 200(1) of the Alberta Rules of Court, beginning with the first formulation of r. 200(1) in the 1914 Alberta Rules of Court and culminating in its draft form in the Alberta Rules of Court: Test Draft 3. Rule 200(1) allows a party to examine for discovery the employees, former employees, and corporate representative of an opposing party in such circumstances where they have knowledge of the issues between the parties by nature of their employment, without obtaining an order to do so. This article focuses on the present application and interpretation of r. 200(1) by examining the impact of two critical cases on the Rule. Then, the authors undertake a comparison of the present form of the Rule and the new form it will take under the Proposed Alberta Rules of Court. The authors conclude that the proposed Rule contradicts the broad and purposive approach that has been taken to the present Rule by reinstating an additional "best informed" test and adding three additional criteria.
Evaluating the Relevance of Critical Schools of Law and Economics for the Equality Rights of Workers with Disabilities in Canada and the United States
Authors: Malhotra Ravi A.
Published: December 2020

This article examines the contributions of modern schools of law and economics to the equality rights of workers with disabilities. While neo-classical law and economics generally advocates the supremacy of free markets to operate without government interference and legal regulation, many of the newer schools of law and economics offer highly creative solutions and dynamic approaches that may offer real hope to people with disabilities. The merits and weaknesses of the theories of these modern schools are discussed in light of the social model of disability. The schools are examined by drawing on examples from Canadian and American jurisprudence. Specifically, the extent to which the schools provide robust explanations for labour market policy is explored. The author argues that neo-institutional law and economics, feminist law and economics, and critical race theory law and economics hold out the most promise for understanding the implications of the social model of disability.
Parens Patriae as a Basis for Provincial Standing in Judicial Review of Federal Decisions
Authors: MacKay William R.
Published: December 2020

As a general rule, legal action can only be pursued by those who have a right infringed in a court that is able to remedy the infringement. Courts can remedy breaches of private rights and public rights. Typically, purely public rights can only be asserted in a court by the Attorney General. In a federal system, the role of the Attorney General as the parens patriae endowed with jurisdiction to assert public or sovereign rights in court on behalf of the nation-state is bifurcated. As such, courts must address the issue of standing when a regional government is relying on public rights to seek judicial review of federal decisions. In the United States, the courts have recognized that states should have special treatment with respect to standing where they are seeking to protect "quasi-sovereign" interests. Quasi-sovereign interests include the right of a state and its citizens to full and equal participation in the federation. Canadian courts have addressed this form of standing peripherally but not in any great detail. This article will examine the nature of the parens patriae form of standing in a federal system and examine whether this form of standing should be recognized by Canadian courts.
The "Trial Warrior": Applying Sun Tzu's The Art of War to Trial Advocacy
Authors: Pribetic Antonin I.
Published: December 2020

The author uses Sun Tzu's The Art of War to determine whether the theory of strategic functionalism can integrate the client-centric, justice-centric, and science-centric conceptual models into a coherent, unified trial advocacy paradigm. The author finds that the Taoist philosophy, military strategy, and tactics explained in The Art of War applied to trial advocacy is an example of strategic functionalism at work.
Honour Among Businesspeople: The Duty of Good Faith and Contracts in the Energy Sector
Authors: Kain Brandon , Spurn Craig , O'Neill Séan C. , Nasseri Justin H.
Published: December 2020

The recognition of a “duty of good faith” was a contentious issue for Canadian courts for many years, despite its recognition in other jurisdictions. In 2014, the Supreme Court of Canada recognized that parties to a contract have a duty to perform all contractual obligations in good faith. This article explores the history behind the “duty of good faith,” the consequences of the Supreme Court’s decision, and the impacts of the decision. This article also examines the effects of the decision as they relate to contracts fashioned in the energy sector, specifically in relation to rights of first refusal (ROFRs), authorizations for expenditure, and accounting and remittance of production sales proceeds.
Energy Superpower in Waiting: New Pipeline Developments in Canada, Social Licence, and Recent Federal Energy Reforms
Authors: Forrester Peter , Howie Kent , Ross Alan
Published: December 2020

A growing lack of public confidence in governmental regulation of business has created a climate in which industry must go beyond obtaining mere regulatory approvals for new projects: a “social licence” must also be acquired from stakeholder groups. This article explores the concept of social licence in the context of current pipeline project proposals. Governments play a significant role in this debate, as social licence is intertwined with the Canadian regulatory scheme. The authors address different models of regulatory reform, and explore how recent federal amendments have altered the social licence and regulatory landscape.
Recent Judicial Decisions of Interest to Energy Lawyers
Authors: Leitl Steven H. , Nickless Elizabeth J. , Froehlich Robert J.
Published: December 2020

This article provides an overview of recent judicial decisions of interest to energy lawyers. The authors review and comment on recent Canadian case law in a number of areas, including: aboriginal, competition, contract, employment and labour, environmental, surface rights, administrative and regulatory, taxation, and builders’ liens.
Coalbed Methane: Conventional Rules for an Unconventional Resource
Authors: Buckingham Janice , Steele Patricia
Published: December 2020

Considering the evolution of coalbed methane development In North America, the authors highlight the risks involved at various stages of development. To manage these risks and potentially increase the chance of successful projects, the authors offer suggestions for adapting leases and agreements typically used in the oil and gas industry to reflect the uniqueness of coalbed methane development. The authors also suggest amendments to Alberta's current legislation affecting Crownlands. The authors acknowledge that the issues that arise in the coalbed methane context will change over time as projects are carried out, the industry matures and the legal and regulatory frameworks governing coalbed methane evolve. In providing possible solutions to the current situation, consideration is given to common law principles of ownership of coalbed methane, legislation affecting Crown and freeholdlands, typical freeholdleases, joint ventures and operating agreements and environmental concerns surrounding coalbed methane development.
Consultation with Aboriginal Peoples: Impacts on the Petroleum Industry
Authors: Fogarassy Tony , Litton KayLynn
Published: December 2020

The duties of consultation and accommodation with Aboriginal peoples affected by resource development were, until 2002, primarily the responsibility of the Crown. The British Columbia Court of Appeal, in two related decisions involving the Haida Nation on the one hand and the Crown and Weyerhaeuser Company Limited on the other, has placed these duties squarely on to the shoulders of industry. Where the Crown fails to discharge its duties of consultation and accommodation, resource tenures such as permits, licenses or leases may be invalid and activity conducted pursuant to the tenures may result in damages awarded against industry in favour of affected Aboriginal peoples. Appeals from both decisions will be heard by the Supreme Court of Canada. In the meantime, the law on industry’s duty to consult and to accommodate Aboriginal peoples continues to lack certainty.
Fundamental Aspects of Oil and Gas Revisited
Authors: Greenfield Don , Todesco Jay
Published: December 2020

The authors review certain fundamental principles of Canadian oil and gas law, concentrating on three main areas: basic principles of ownership and operation in the oil and gas industry: aspects of oil and gas agreements: and international petroleum agreements. In discussing each of these subjects, the authors consider issues of significance to practitioners of oil and gas law.
Canadian Challenges in Implementing the Kyoto Protocol: A Cause for Harmonization
Authors: DeMarco Elisabeth , Routliffe Robert , Landymore Heather
Published: December 2020

On 17 December 2002, Canada ratified the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Kyoto Protocol), taking on binding targets to reduce Canadian emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Canada's ratification decision and the proposed domestic emissions trading system forming part of Canada's Kyoto implementation plan continue to be the source of considerable disagreement and conflict between the provinces and thefederal government regarding: the practical challenges associated with multiple Canadian jurisdictions implementing emissions trading systems: the current status and legal issues associated with covenants between industry and government(s) to enforce GHG reduction targets; the legal jurisdiction over domestic emissions trading system(s); and the impact on interprovincial and international trade. Each ofthese issues is examined in the unique Canadian legal context. The authors conclude that many ofthe most significant challenges may be mitigated through harmonization and coordination byfederal and provincial governments in a manner that allows for local concerns to be addressed without fragmenting the Canadian emissions markets.
Recent Regulatory and Legislative Developments of Interest to Oil and Gas Lawyers
Authors: Nettleton Gordon M.
Published: December 2020

This article examines recent regulatory and legislative developments relevant to oil and gas lawyers. Regulatory decisions ofthefederal National Energy Board and the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board receive particularfocus, as well as legislative developments in British Columbia and Saskatchewan. The article concludes with a discussion of recent guidelines, policies and directives.
You Don't Know What You've Got 'Til It's Gone: The Rule of Law in Canada — Part II
Authors: Watson Jack
Published: December 2020

This article is the second part of an article that was printed in the Alberta Law Review, Volume 52, Issue 3 at 689. In this part, the article explores how the rule of law has found expression in Canada. It defines the major elements and characteristics of the rule of law. It then goes on to explore how the different branches of government are affected and constrained by the rule of law. The role of the courts in upholding the rule of law is emphasized, as well as the importance of judicial independence.
A Comparison of Street Gangs and Fraternities in the United States of America: Demographics, Conduct, and Criminal Justice Perception and Responses
Authors: Ouellette Kailey
Published: December 2020

Street gangs and university fraternities are both prevalent social institutions in the United States of America. Despite differences in classification and treatment, they share many of the same characteristics, particularly initiation rituals, the pervasiveness of drugs and alcohol, the emphasis placed on brotherhood and male bonding, and the ways in which misogynistic attitudes and violence are used to reinforce masculinity and dominance. Despite these similarities, offences ranging from misbehaviour to criminal activity by fraternity members are protected under the guise of “academic brotherhood”, and thus go largely unpunished. On the contrary, gang members, who often come from lower-class backgrounds and are over-represented in Black and Hispanic populations, are not afforded these same benefits. I will be further exploring these double standards by examining the experiences of Black Greek Letter Organizations (BGLOs) and how they are likened to ‘educated gangs’. In this paper, I will be exploring the similarities between street gangs and fraternities in the United States in terms of demographics, conduct, and the types and prevalence of criminal offending. I will also be discussing the differences in classification and response of these two institutions by both the general public and the criminal justice system. While I am not advocating for the expansion of federal gang definitions to include fraternities, there needs to be a serious conversation regarding the types of violence that we take seriously, and the ways in which race and class factor into these decisions.

Keywords: gang, fraternity, sexual violence, alcohol, initiation, masculinity, Black Greek Letter Organizations
Biology Student Perceptions of Information Literacy Instruction in the Context of an Essential Skills Workshop Series
Authors: Jankowski Amy , Sawyer Yadéeh E
Published: December 2020

The University Libraries at the University of New Mexico reconfigured their established library instruction program for biology as part of a broader grant-funded essential skills workshop series for STEM students. This initiative standardized supplementary instruction through seven in-person and online workshops delivered to students through the Biology Department’s four core undergraduate laboratory courses. Post-workshop feedback data were gathered from students throughout the two-year grant period. The present study analyzes this data set—including 3,797 completed student surveys from both library and non-library workshops over the course of four semesters—with the goal of understanding STEM student perceptions of the value of information literacy skills as compared to the general and disciplinary value of other essential intellectual and practical skills. The findings suggest that undergraduate biology students generally perceive information literacy to be among the most valuable and relevant skills introduced through the workshop series. The results have the potential to inform information literacy instruction practices and collaborative efforts with broader essential skills education programs.
The Implication of Flipped Learning Model in Tertiary Critical Reading Class
Authors: Atmanegara Yunani , Dianti Rahma
Published: December 2020

This study investigated the implication of Flipped Learning Model toward tertiary students’ critical reading skill. Classroom action research was carried out to conduct the study. Critical reading test, observation of students’ learning participation outside and inside class, and interview were administered to gather the data. This study used descriptive analysis. Students’ prior critical reading skill was considerably low. They did not have self-initiative to practice their reading skill. After implementing this model for three cycles, progress on their critical reading could be noticed. Flipped Learning Model could trigger students’ learning participation both outside and inside classrooms. Yet, students still needed teacher’s assistance to direct their learning process. Flipped model of instruction encouraged students to be able to analyze and evaluate the texts. However, students still had difficulty in internalizing the information to formulate ideas as creating skill needs more practice to achieve. Appropriate learning materials, students’ awareness, and environmental supports influenced the implication of Flipped Learning Model implementation.
PEMETAAN KOMODITAS SAYUR UNGGULAN DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Humaidi Edy , Unteawati Bina , Analianasari Analianasari
Published: December 2020

This study aims to map the types of vegetables that are feasible to be developed in Lampung Province. The mapping will be analyzed using the Location Quotient (LQ) method which will produce commodities that are classified as either base or non-base commodities. The data used are secondary data on vegetable production in Lampung Province for six years (2013-2018) obtained from the Central Statistics Agency of Lampung Province. The results showed that two types of vegetable plants became superior commodities, seen from the LQ value greater than 1, namely chilli and Chinese cabbage, with an LQ value of 1,26 for chilli and 1,17 for Chinese cabbage, respectively.
Literasi Kimia Pada Aspek Kompotensi Melalui Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing Dengan Pendekatan Etnosains
Authors: Al-Fialistyani Dwi , Andayani Yayuk , Hakim Aliefman , Anwar Yunita Arian Sani
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan literasi kimia siswa melalui model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dengan pendekatan etnosains. Penelitian semu eksperimen dengan desain one group pretest-posttest design, dilakukan pada 64 siswa kelas XI MIA SMAN 3 Mataram yang terbagi dalam kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan model inkuiri terbimbing dengan pendekatan etnosains, dan kelas kontrol yang menggunakan model inkuiri saja. Data literasi kimia dikumpulkan melalui tes pilihan ganda dan dianalisis menggunakan uji N-gain. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan literasi kimia peserta didik termasuk kriteria sedang, literasi kimia di kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibanding kelas kontrol. Kemampuan dan penyelidikan ilmiah kedua kelas termasuk katagori tinggi, sementara kemampuan menjelaskan fenomena secara ilmiah, menafsirkan data dan bukti ilmiah untuk kelas eksperimen termasuk katagori sedang tetapi di kelas kontrol katagori rendah. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dengan pendekatan etnosain dapat meningkatan literasi kimia peserta didik.
Tobacco control in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda: a policy implementation review
Authors: Kabwama Steven Ndugwa , Nyamurungi Kellen Namusisi , Davidson Fiona , Dobbie Fiona , Bauld Linda
Published: December 2020

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than 900,000 deaths globally. The risk of mortality is higher for people with pre-existing conditions such as cancers, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and diabetes for which tobacco use is a known risk factor. We conducted a study to explore how efforts to address the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda have been integrated with tobacco control policies to generate evidence to inform policy decisions about the public health response in general and tobacco control interventions in particular.

Methods

We conducted a desk based review of ‘grey’ literature data sources (i.e. data that were not included in peer reviewed journals) with information about tobacco and COVID-19 in Uganda. Data were also obtained from stakeholders involved tobacco control via an online survey and telephone interviews.

Findings

A total of 136 data sources were identified, of which 107 were eligible for data extraction. The online stakeholder consultation involved invitations to 61 participants of whom 33 (54%) took part via the online survey while 5 (8.2%) opted for telephone interviews. In the context of the COVID-19 prevention interventions, social media can be a powerful platform for communicating anti-tobacco messages such as the vulnerability of tobacco users to COVID-19 and the exacerbated disease severity among COVID-19 patients with history of tobacco use. Two thirds (n=20, 65%) of survey respondents expected a tobacco tax increase to address health, economic and wider policy impacts of the COVID-19 crisis.

Conclusions

Advocacy should be conducted for taxation of tobacco products to reduce consumption and generate revenue to support public health investments. Public health institutions involved in the COVID-19 response should reject donations from the tobacco industry and its allies as is stipulated in the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and the Uganda Tobacco Control Act 2015. The COVID-19 pandemic also offers an opportunity to promote tobacco cessation and strengthening tobacco control policy implementation by recognizing the role of tobacco use in exacerbating COVID-19 health outcomes.
Pengembangan Program Penyebarluasan Produk Pendidikan di SMKS Al Huda Kota Kediri
Authors: Fatawi Rahadian , Latifah Nur Aini
Published: December 2020

Bagi siswa SMK dunia kerja adalah keinginan ketika menapaki dan memilih dalam melanjutkan studi. Bisa dikatakan mayoritas siswa SMK mempunyai cita-cita dan keinginan yang sama yakni tamat dari SMK untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan. Karena sesuai tujuan, pendidikan di SMK dirancang untuk menciptakan tenaga Terampil siap kerja kelas menengah. Maka tidak heran bila siswa SMK berkeinginan kuat untuk sebisa mungkin mendapatkan pekerjaan setelah lulus sekolah. Maka untuk membantu keinginan kuat dari para siswanya SMK diharapkan merancang sebuah Strategi untuk membantu memasarkan ke Dunia Usaha dan Dunia Industri. Dimana strategi ini diharapkan dapat disusun secara komprehensif dan terus menerus serta disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan Dunia Usaha dan Dunia Industri. Selain menyusun strategi, SMK juga harus membangun Networking Dunia Usaha dan Dunia Industri yang sesuai dengan Program Keahlian yang dipunyai SMK. Maka, kolaborasi pengembangan strategi pemasaran dan membangun networking dengan Dunia Usaha dan Dunia Industri diharapkan lulusan SMK semaksimal mungkin dapat diserap di Dunia Kerja.
Pekan Siaga Bencana Pada ABK Di SLB Manunggal Slawi
Authors: Sari Dewi Puspita , Priratmaningtyas Ika Wahyu , Sari Komala , Afifah Ismi Nur , Halisa Halisa , Astuti Tri
Published: December 2020

Pekan Siaga Bencana Pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK) merupakan program yang dilaksanakan untuk menjawab permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di Sekolah Luar Biasa Manunggal Slawi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk Mengetahui perkembangan pengetahuan dan keterampilan ABK melalui program pekan siaga bencana secara daring dengan memberikan pelatihan pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus tentang siaga bencana melalui aplikasi zoom dan youtube; Memberikan pelatihan pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus untuk bertindak cepat dalam penyelamatan diri melalui aplikasi zoom; Memberikan kegiatan pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus tentang siaga bencana melalui aplikasi zoom dan youtube. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi partisipasi yang dilakukan melalui aplikasi teleconference zoom yang dilaksanakan oleh peneliti bersama ABK. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus-September 2020. Melalui program pekan siaga bencana, pengetahuan dan keterampilan ABK tentang kebencanaan menjadi meningkat. Program ini dapat dikatakan berhasil dan dapat dijadikan percontohan bagi pihak lain dalam melaksanakan pendidikan siaga bencana kepada ABK secara daring.
Peran Pendidik dalam Pengembangan Identitas Diri Mahasiswa melalui Character Building
Authors: Fadhillah Is , Wulan Tri
Published: December 2020

Saat ini tenaga pendidik mempunyai tugas besar dalam peranannya terhadap keberhasilan anak bangsa. Salah satu permasalahan yang mendasar saat ini yang banyak terjadi di kalangan mahasiswa sebagai generasi penerus adalah kecenderungan terjadinya degradasi moral .Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa jauh pemahaman tenaga pendidik terhadap fenomena sosial yang terjadi pada jati diri mahasiswa, sehingga perlu diterapkannya program pembentukan character building pada mahasiswa sebagai upaya pengembangan identitas diri mahasiswa, serta mengidentifikasi upaya  apa saja yang dilakukan tenaga pendidik dalam mengimplementasikan character building dalam diri mahasiswa Sekolah Tinggi Kesehatan Ganesha Husada Kabupaten Kediri.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif studi kasus, pada kerangka ini analisis paradigmatik teori konstruksi sosial yang digunakan dalam menganalisis bahan data dari character building. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian diperoleh, langkah konstruksi sosial mengenai character building di lingkungan kampus Stikes Ganesha Husada Kediri diantaranya yang paling menonjol adalah setting kurikulum. Modal dari keteladanan pada diri setiap dosen, internalisasi character building yang menjadi ikon plus dengan cepat mudah difahami dan dipraktekkan mahasiswa. Oleh karena itu, nilai-nilai implementatif dari character building pada akhirnya dapat  menjadi budaya baru bagi mahasiswa Stikes Ganesha Husada Kediri
Efektivitas penggunaan model pembelajaran discovery learning berbantuan media komik strip
Authors: Ariska Mila , Wijayanti Rica , Liesdiani Mety
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh mutu pelajaran matematika di kelas semakin menurun, siswa semakin tidak berminat untuk belajar matematika, sehingga hasil belajar siswa pun semakin rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan model pembelajaran discovery learning berbantuan media komik strip pada materi aritmetika sosial ditinjau dari minat belajar siswa, hasil belajar siswa dan aktivitas siswa. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik pemberian angket, pemberian tes dan pengamatan aktivitas siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran discovery learning berbantuan media komik strip dikatakan efektif jika ditinjau dari minat belajar siswa dengan persentase rata-rata minat belajar sisw sebesar 98,4%.  Selain itu, penggunaan model pembelajaran discovery learning berbantuan media komik strip juga dikatakan efektif jika ditinjau dari hasil belajar siswa dengan persentase ketuntasan klasikal mencapai 70%. Keefektivan penggunaan model pembelajaran discovery learning berbantuan media komik strip juga terlihat pada aktivitas siswa yang berada pada kategori sangat baik dengan persentase 95%