bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sectoral insights into corporate insolvency: a comprehensive analysis of Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) outcomes in India
Authors: Ravichandra Rao Nishanthini , Kasture Jayendra
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to analyse the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) in India, emphasizing the unique challenges faced by different sectors. It highlights that 45.23% of admitted cases result in liquidation or resolution, underscoring the need for sector-specific provisions in the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC). The current framework’s limitations lead to higher haircuts and lower recovery rates. Sector operates under general provisions of IBC, which do not include specific clauses designed to address their particular requirements. The implementation of sector-specific strategies is essential for improving outcomes for both distress companies and their creditors. This approach will significantly enhance the efficacy of the insolvency resolution process.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses data from the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI) through March 2024. It analyses 7,567 cases admitted under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016, focusing on sectoral insolvency across various industries such as manufacturing, real estate, constructions, hotels and restaurants, wholesale and retail trade, electricity, transport, storage, communications and others. It analyses data-driven decision-making approach by using formulas to calculate the key metrics such as insolvency rate, recovery rate and haircut rate from a large data set.

Findings

The overall insolvency rate is recorded at 45.23% with nearly half of the cases resulting in either liquidation or resolution plans. Out of the total cases, 2,476 resulted in liquidation, while 947 were resolved through approved plans. The recovery rate is 32.08%, indicating that less than one-third of admitted cases have been recovered. The average haircut rate is 67.89%, indicating substantial reductions in claims to facilitate resolutions. This sectoral analysis reveals that certain industries such as real estate and manufacturing are disproportionately affected, emphasizing the necessity for targeted interventions.

Originality/value

This study’s lies in its sector analysis and use of comprehensive data, from March 2016 to March 2024 from the IBBI. This paper caters to a unique sector and brings a novel viewpoint and valuable insights to the existing literature on insolvency processes in India.
Exploring the imperative of education and learning for sustainable development: research gaps and pathways
Authors: Leal Filho Walter , Neiva Samara da Silva , Vasconcelos Claudio Ruy Portela de , Fritzen Gomes Bárbara Maria , Sharifi Ayyoob , Kozlova Valerija , Mifsud Mark , Pace Paul , Platje Johannes (Joost) , Dinis Maria Alzira Pimenta , Da Cunha Dênis Antônio , Hopkins Erin Ann , Rayman-Bacchus Lez
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to emphasize the significance of integrating sustainable development (SD) content into higher education institutions (HEIs) curricula. The focus is on identifying areas of research demand related to SD in teaching and learning programmes.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a comprehensive approach, combining bibliometric analysis and an original survey instrument tool. The research involves HEIs staff engaged in both research and teaching roles across 36 countries worldwide.

Findings

The findings of the study shed light on the challenges and gaps in incorporating SD into HEIs curricula. Insights reveal that researchers focusing on SD within teaching and learning programmes face a notable obstacle in the form of congested timetables.

Research limitations/implications

While providing valuable insights, this research acknowledges study design and methodology limitations. These limitations should be considered when interpreting the findings and planning future research endeavours in SD in HEIs.

Practical implications

The paper underscores the practical implications of the findings, emphasising the need to address congested timetables as a significant obstacle to sustainability education efforts. The practical insights aim to guide educators and institutions in enhancing the incorporation of SD content in their teaching programmes.

Social implications

The study’s social implications highlight the broader impact on society, emphasising the role of HEIs in shaping a sustainable future. Addressing the identified challenges can contribute to better preparing students for addressing real-world sustainability issues, thereby fostering positive social change.

Originality/value

This paper concludes by outlining essential measures to address identified challenges and gaps, emphasising the imperative of creating an environment that supports the integration of SD into higher education curricula. The findings provide valuable guidance for educators, policymakers and institutions seeking to enhance sustainability education efforts.
Navigating the maze: determinants influencing student’s choices in higher education admission across diverse disciplines in Maharashtra
Authors: Pathak Rajni
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to unravel the complex factors guiding students' decisions during the higher education admission process in the Maharashtra state.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on descriptive and exploratory research and to accomplish the above said objectives, researcher use mix method (qualitative and quantitative). The research was conducted in the higher education institutions, colleges, coaching centers and universities providing under graduate and postgraduate courses in the cities of Maharashtra state, like Pune, Mumbai and Nashik where streams like management and engineering, are available.

Findings

Through a comprehensive dissection of these determinants, the research aims to provide nuanced insights that can guide educational institutions and policymakers in tailoring effective strategies. By recognizing the unique needs and aspirations of students across disciplines in Maharashtra, this study aims to contribute to the enhancement of the higher education admission process.

Research limitations/implications

While the study provides valuable insights into student decision-making in Maharashtra, its findings may not be directly applicable to other regions with different socioeconomic, cultural and educational contexts. Therefore, the generalizability of the findings beyond Maharashtra may be limited.

Originality/value

Focusing specifically on Maharashtra adds a regional dimension to the research, considering the unique sociocultural, economic and educational characteristics of the state. This contextual focus allows for insights that are tailored to the local context, providing a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities in higher education admissions within Maharashtra.
Seeing through a polarized world: a narrative approach to understanding stakeholders
Authors: Gualtieri Gastone , Lurati Francesco
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The literature presents several frameworks for stakeholder analysis, mainly focusing on identification and characterization. However, there is a notable lack of frameworks aimed at comprehensively understanding stakeholders’ perspectives. Neglecting stakeholders’ viewpoints risks biasing overarching analyses, given the relational and perspective–based nature of stakeholders’ relevance and characteristics. Moreover, this gap is particularly salient in today’s polarized landscape, where understandings of issues can markedly diverge. To address this gap, this paper introduces a stakeholder analysis framework designed to facilitate a deeper understanding of stakeholders’ perspectives.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper introduces a narrative approach to stakeholder analysis through conceptual arguments and illustrates it through a case study – the introduction of 5G technologies in Italy.

Findings

The paper illustrates how a narrative approach to stakeholder analysis enhances an understanding of stakeholders’ perspectives by revealing issue-specific sentiments and assumptions, objectives and expectations regarding other stakeholders’ behaviors and relationships in place.

Originality/value

Introducing a narrative approach to understanding stakeholders’ perspectives fills a gap in the literature on stakeholder analysis. This proves valuable for managers and is conceptually relevant, fostering a systemic approach to stakeholder thinking in a polarized world.
Experiences of self-injury among staff and patients in a forensic psychiatric hospital
Authors: Visser Roos , Vinken Sim , Verstegen Nienke , de Vogel Vivienne
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Self-injury is common in forensic psychiatric settings. Recent research offers some insights into the functions and management of self-injurious behaviour but generally focusses on either the experiences of staff or patients. This study aims to explore the experiences of both staff and patients with non-suicidal self-injury in a Dutch forensic psychiatric hospital.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 6 patients and 11 staff members were interviewed about the functions they ascribe to self-injurious behaviour, the emotional experience provoked by this behaviour and the management of self-injurious behaviour. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using a thematic analysis.

Findings

Four main themes resulted from the analysis: functions; emotional distancing; patient needs; and management. Overall, findings illustrate that staff reports limited knowledge of the different functions of self-injury. To circumvent potential automatic stereotypical judgement, staff should proactively engage in conversation about this topic with their patients. In managing self-injurious behaviour, clarity and uniformity among staff members should be promoted, and collaboration between the staff and patients is desirable. Staff recognised the potential benefit of a management guideline. Staff may find detached coping strategies to be effective but should be vigilant to not let this evolve into excessive detachment.

Practical implications

Increased knowledge and awareness of self-injury functions among staff can allow for better understanding and evaluation of self-injury incidents. Circumvention of automatic, stereotypical judgement of self-injurious behaviour is warranted, and more accessible explanations of the variety of functions of self-injury should be used. More proactive engagement in conversations about functions of self-injury by staff, can facilitate this. Detached coping can help staff to remain resilient in their job, but requires vigilance to prevent this from turning into excessive detachment. Clarity and uniformity among staff when managing self-injury incidents is considered beneficial by both patients and staff. A guideline may facilitate this. When imposing restrictions on patients, staff should strive to establish collaboration with the patient in determining the course of action and ensure the restriction is temporary.

Originality/value

The impact of self-injurious behaviour on all those involved can be enormous. More research is needed into experiences of both patients and staff members regarding the impact, motivations, precipitants and functions of self-injurious behaviour, and effective treatment of it.
Community sports as a conduit for police–youth relationships: a scoping review
Authors: Blomqvist Mickelsson Tony , Nordström Anders , Rasoal Chato , Ghazinour Mehdi
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper sought to bring together police science and sport-for-development (SFD) with a scoping review of the empirical literature on at-risk youth and police relationship-building in the context of sport interventions.

Design/methodology/approach

We conducted a scoping review with a Setting, Perspective, Intervention, Comparison and Evaluation (SPICE) model to systematically examine existing studies on the involvement of police in sports-based youth development programs. A total of 1,247 records were identified, and ten empirical research studies were included in the review.

Findings

The review identifies the critical role of stakeholders, especially coaches and community leaders, in facilitating police–youth contact. Coaches often serve as boundary-spanners, building trust between police officers and at-risk youth. Police involvement in these programs is multifaceted, with officers participating as teammates, leaders or mentors. This participation helps dismantle barriers and foster positive relationships but shows that different roles are associated with different benefits and risk factors. Relatedly, the review highlights potential risks such as the hyper-criminalization of youth, emphasizing the need for program designs that promote equality and collaboration.

Originality/value

This paper provides the first significant steps toward conceptualizing the role of police within sport interventions by integrating community policing and SFD literature. We advocate for interdisciplinary collaboration between police science and SFD scholars to further develop police–youth relationships.
Corporate social responsibility in emerging markets: the role of reciprocity in business-government relations
Authors: Thanetsunthorn Namporn , Wuthisatian Rattaphon
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Despite the rapid growth of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in emerging markets, there remains a need in the current literature for deeper insights into the factors influencing CSR practices in these contexts. This study aims to address this research gap and enhance the discourse on CSR in emerging markets by exploring the reciprocal relationship between business and government and its potential role in driving firms’ CSR efforts in these burgeoning economies.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is grounded in the theory of reciprocity and integrates insights from existing literature to posit that, within a reciprocal relationship, firms respond positively to government regulatory support by actively participating in CSR initiatives. To test this hypothesis, data from prominent sources, including the CSRHub database, the World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business, and the International Country Risk Guide, are gathered, yielding a sample of nearly 1,500 firms operating in diverse emerging markets. A series of empirical tests are then conducted to validate the existence of the reciprocal relationship and its influence on firms’ CSR efforts.

Findings

The findings reveal strong evidence of a reciprocal relationship between business and government in emerging markets. When the government provides favorable regulatory support, firms tend to reciprocate by shouldering greater responsibility in promoting societal well-being, specifically through active participation in CSR initiatives directed toward the well-being of the community in which they operate. These findings are robust across various estimation methods.

Research limitations/implications

The study advances the understanding of CSR in emerging markets and provides valuable insights into the role of reciprocity in promoting CSR in real-world settings. This offers promising avenues for future theoretical and empirical research in the field of CSR.

Practical implications

Policymakers are urged to recognize the significance of business-government relations in fostering CSR. Developing a supportive regulatory environment can motivate firms to invest in CSR, benefiting both businesses and the communities they serve. For businesses, aligning CSR initiatives with community needs can foster a mutually beneficial relationship with the government, leading to greater social benefits and competitive advantages.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study pioneers the application of the reciprocity theory to explain the interplay between business and government in shaping firms’ CSR endeavors in emerging markets.
Foundations and frontiers in precision teaching: purpose, standards, technology, and community
Authors: Ferris Kelly , Fabrizio Michael
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to provide a commentary to (Reagan, 2024; this issue) explore key considerations for advancing precision teaching, a data-driven approach that remains impactful in fostering educational and behavioural change.

Design/methodology/approach

Addressing four central topics – charting with purpose, balancing standards with expanding applications, using technology and relying on communities of practice – this paper discusses practices to strengthen and sustain the precision teaching community.

Findings

Charting with purpose underscores the importance of using data to guide informed, meaningful decisions. Balancing standards with expanding applications addresses the challenge of maintaining methodological rigour while adapting to new contexts. Thoughtful use of technology is presented as both a tool and a potential limitation, particularly for early-career precision teachers learning standard charting principles. Finally, reliance on communities of practice emphasises the mentorship and collective wisdom that supports precision teachers across stages of their careers.

Originality/value

By integrating these elements, this paper offers a framework to guide the precision teaching community in navigating emerging opportunities and sustaining its foundational principles.
Beyond left and right: The role of system trust in COVID‐19 attitudes and behaviours across eight western countries
Authors: NIELSEN LOUISE HALBERG , PETERSEN MICHAEL BANG
Published: December 2024

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, public opinion regarding restrictions and lockdowns was quickly characterized by significant disagreement. In a societal crisis such as COVID‐19, it is important to understand the drivers behind citizens’ attitudes and behaviours. Political disagreement related to COVID‐19 restrictions and lockdowns has often been interpreted as an ideological or partisan divide along the left‐right dimension of political opinion. Here, we argue that there is more to unpack. There is increasing awareness that public opinion is structured by both left‐right orientation and trust in the system. In this paper, we examine the divide in COVID‐19 attitudes and behaviours and compare the influence of ideology and system trust as drivers across countries and across time during the pandemic. Based on monthly surveys from eight countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, France and Italy) from September 2020 to July 2021 (total sample of 49,414 respondents), we show that citizens with right‐wing ideologies and those who do not trust ‘the system’ perceived a lower threat from the coronavirus, were less supportive of government measures against the virus, report having changed their behaviour less and report lower intentions to vaccinate against COVID‐19 compared to citizens with left‐wing ideologies and those with high system trust. These results are stable across time and across countries. We also find that behavioural differences are larger between those who support the system and those who do not than between those with right‐ and left‐wing ideological outlooks, respectively. This implies that system trust is at least as important as ideology in terms of shaping cleavages in COVID‐19 attitudes and behaviours. The results suggest that in order to increase public support for societal responses during a crisis, it is not only important to appeal to both sides of the ideological spectrum, but also to appeal to those who do not trust ‘the system’.
The Acoustic Ecology of Coastal Dolphins by Assessing the Structural Variability of Sounds and the Influence of Contextual Factors
Authors: Pace Daniela Silvia , Pedrazzi Giulia , D'amario Irene , Troccoli Aurora , Giacomini Giancarlo , Labriola Maria Silvia , Pavan Gianni , Ventura Daniele , Casoli Edoardo , Ardizzone Giandomenico , Papale Elena
Published: December 2024

The acoustic ecology of a previously unexamined dolphin population in the Mediterranean was assessed by investigating how sound emissions and acoustic features are influenced by concurrent conditions. Whistles and click‐trains emission rates were compared among different environmental, social and behavioural conditions. Structural variability of 3928 good/high‐quality vocalizations was analysed in relation to contexts through a two‐stage approach. First, two multivariate MANOVA‐models were fitted considering the entire set of acoustic parameters extracted from whistles and click trains, to investigate the effect of concomitant factors on the overall acoustic structure of each vocalization. Subsequently, GLMM models were applied to each acoustic feature individually to explore its response to different contextual factors. Emission rates increased significantly with calves and in larger groups, with also a positive effect of socialization on whistles and of muddy/sandy seabed and depth on impulsive sounds. The multivariate approach showed that all contextual factors influenced sounds’ structure, with whistles being strongly affected by behaviour and calves’ presence. The GLMM models highlighted that each acoustic parameter varied differently in response to specific factors, with (1) increasing trends in whistles’ duration and inflection points during interaction with fishery and decreasing ones during socializing, and (2) decreasing inter‐click‐intervals and increasing click‐repetition‐rates in larger groups and during interactions with fishery. These results provide new findings on the acoustic plasticity of bottlenose dolphins and a more comprehensive view of the magnitude of the social, environmental and behavioural influence, highlighting how the complexity of the species’ acoustic repertoire has yet to be unravelled at the local level.
The Causal Relationship Between Genetically Determined Plasma Metabolites and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Song Kunpeng , Ma Julei , Wang Bing
Published: December 2024

Background

Presently, research examining the impact of plasma metabolites on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is scarce. We utilized a bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the potential causal link between 1400 plasma metabolites and RA.

Methods

We performed a two‐sample MR analysis to assess the causal association between 1400 plasma metabolites and RA. The primary method of two‐sample MR Analysis was the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) model, and the secondary methods were the Weighted Median (WM) and MR Egger methods. We conducted sensitivity analyses using Cochran's Q test, MR‐Egger intercept test, MR‐PRESSO, and Leave‐One‐Out analyses. Steiger test was used for validation of the metabolites. The main results were validated in the UK Biobank.

Results

In the discovery dataset, 60 metabolites were identified as significantly associated with the onset of RA. A notable finding was the strong correlation between Valve levels and RA risk, showing the highest positive correlation (OR [95% CI]: 1.361 (1.112, 1.667), p = 0.0028). Subsequent analysis of the validation dataset revealed 46 metabolites linked to RA, with X‐22771 levels displaying the strongest positive association (OR [95% CI]: 1.002 (1.00, 1.004), p = 0.037). Notably, Glycohydrocolate levels exhibited a protective effect on RA in both datasets. Specifically, the effect size in the initial dataset was (OR [95% CI]:0.867 (0.753, 1.000), p = 0.050), whereas in the validation dataset, the effect was weaker (OR [95% CI]: 0.999 (0.997, 1.000), p = 0.048). These findings were further validated through a series of sensitivity analyses, affirming their robustness and reliability.

Conclusions

This study highlights a strong correlation between elevated Valine levels and an increased risk of RA, as well as potential protective effects of Glycohydrohorate in independent datasets.
Shareholder activism, divestment, and sustainability
Authors: Shen Yun , Linnenluecke Martina , Smith Tom
Published: December 2024

This paper provides a systematic review of the literature pertaining to shareholder activism, divestment, and sustainability. Since the early 2000s, scholars have been engaged in research to better understand shareholder activism and firm divestment. By conducting a state‐of‐the‐art literature review, we identify the 40 most influential publications in the field and find that they can be divided into two distinct themes. We review each of these to identify the main contributions in these research areas. With a highlight on possible pathways for future research, we outline these emerging trends to integrate existing knowledge and provide suggestions for innovative research opportunities to expand the research frontier.
In vitro bioactive dentin protein release by diode laser conditioning
Authors: García‐Guerrero Claudia , Rodas Serrano Ana Priscila , Leal Fernández Maria Carolina , Quijano‐Guauque Sara
Published: December 2024

This in‐vitro study aimed to explore the potential of Diode Laser by quantifying the release of transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1), platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from root dentin after ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diode laser. In 30 hemi‐roots distributed into five groups: G1: Tris‐buffered solution (TBS); G2: 17%EDTA; G3: 17% EDTA +650 nm Diode Laser; G4:17% EDTA +810 nm Diode Laser; and G5: 810 nm Diode Laser. The concentration of the three factors was quantified using a cytokine bead array. Statistical tests were performed to estimate intergroup differences (p ≤ 0.05). TGF‐β1 and VEGF were solubilised in all test protocols. The ability of low‐level power diode lasers to release proteins from the matrix is limited. Its effect on the release of VEGF and PDGF‐BB does not make a difference. A synergy between EDTA and Diode Laser led to a greater proportion of TGF‐β1 release.
Visual discrimination learning in the Australian stingless bee Tetragonula carbonaria (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Mourmourakis Faelan , Barron Andrew B.
Published: December 2024

Karl von Frisch's ground‐breaking research first demonstrated visual learning in the European honey bee (Apis mellifera). The study of Australian native bees and their cognitive abilities, however, is still a relatively new and emerging field. Here we examined visual cognition in the Australian stingless bee, Tetragonula carbonaria. First we tested for any colour preferences in T. carbonaria. Then we set stingless bees with three simple visual discrimination learning tasks using distinct colours (blue or yellow), oriented gratings (horizontal or vertical) and patterns (radial or concentric). In the colour preference task, we found evidence of a weak colour preference, with bees preferring colours blue and purple. In the visual discrimination task, T. carbonaria learned all three tasks in just 10 training trials. Bees learned equally well across the colour, orientation and pattern conditions, suggesting rapid visual learning. Future research should focus on closing knowledge gaps in Australian native bee cognition research, building upon the results of this study and exploring more complex non‐elemental learning.
Genome‐Wide Association Study Reveals a Causal Relationship Between Allergic Rhinitis and Hazelnut Allergy
Authors: Sun Yidan , Vonk Judith M. , Kersten Elin T. G. , Qi Cancan , Sprikkelman Aline B. , Koppelman Gerard H.
Published: December 2024

Background

Little is known about the genetics of food allergy (FA) to various allergens and the heterogeneity of FA in adults.

Objective

We aimed to investigate genetic susceptibility to FA in an adult population and to assess the association between secondary FA and allergic rhinitis (AR).

Methods

FA and allergen‐specific FA were defined based on in‐depth questionnaires and a previously published FA algorithm in the Lifelines. We performed a series of genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) on FA and nine allergen‐specific (e.g., hazelnut) FA in 21,353 adults in Lifelines. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (p < 1E‐5) were replicated in a second independent set of 15,518 adults participating in the Lifelines followed by meta‐analysis of the results of the two datasets. We subsequently investigated the causal relationship of AR to FA using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Results

We observed co‐occurrence of tree nuts and apple FA, with over 80% of this group also reporting AR. After meta‐analysis, we identified one genome‐wide significant locus near HLA‐DPA1 associated with self‐reported hazelnut allergy (hazelnutFA), of which the top SNP is rs5025825 (p = 2.51E‐9, OR = 1.43). Two‐sample MR indicated that AR is a significant causal risk factor for hazelnutFA (p‐IVW = 5.27E‐10, β = 5.90, p‐pleiotropy = 0.46).

Conclusion

Our questionnaire enabled a large GWAS on self‐reported FA in Dutch adults. We report one novel locus in the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) region associated with hazelnutFA, implying an association with antigen recognition. Our findings genetically link secondary FA to AR in adults.
Early Reduction of FeNO on Anti‐IL5 Biologics Is Associated With Clinical Remission of Severe Asthma
Authors: Soendergaard Marianne Baastrup , Hansen Susanne , Håkansson Kjell Erik Julius , von Bülow Anna , Bjerrum Anne‐Sofie , Schmid Johannes Martin , Johansson Sofie Lock , Rasmussen Linda Makowska , Johnsen Claus Rikard , Bertelsen Barbara Bonnesen , Krogh Niels Steen , Hilberg Ole , Ulrik Charlotte Suppli , Porsbjerg Celeste
Published: December 2024

Background

In patients with severe asthma, treatment with anti‐interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) biologics can lead to a reduction in fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in some patients. The clinical implications of varying FeNO responses to anti‐IL‐5 biologics remain unclear. This study aims to categorise patients based on their FeNO response to anti‐IL‐5 biologics and evaluate the association of these categories with clinical outcomes.

Methods

We used the Danish Severe Asthma Register (DSAR) to identify the early FeNO response profiles in patients receiving anti‐IL5 biologics. We defined FeNO responders as patients with elevated FeNO levels at baseline and a decrease corresponding to the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) at 4 months of follow‐up and FeNO non‐responders as those who did not experience a decrease.

Results

We identified 403 patients on anti‐IL5 treatment in DSAR, and 265 (66%) had elevated FeNO levels at baseline. After 4 months of treatment, 151 (57%) patients showed a significant decrease in FeNO levels, and 114 (43%) did not. FeNO responders were more likely to achieve clinical remission of asthma (34% vs. 19%, p = 0.01, OR 2.11, CI 1.04, 5.18, p = 0.03) than FeNO non‐responders after 12 months of treatment. The higher remission rates in FeNO responders mainly reflected a higher rate of normalisation of lung function.

Conclusions

FeNO levels were reduced after anti‐IL5 treatment in a significant proportion of patients treated with anti‐IL5, and this was associated with clinical remission. Early FeNO response to anti‐IL5 could potentially be used as a biomarker to guide management decisions with biologics towards remission of disease in severe asthma.
On undevelopment and de‐development: A geographical critique on perpetual growth and resource‐based accumulation
Authors: Wijburg Gertjan
Published: December 2024

Economic development is often defined as a cycle of sustained growth adding to ever‐increasing living standards of the general population. However, in human and economic geography such an orthodox definition of development is increasingly considered problematic. Not only have cycles of lower growth, rising debt, inequality and environmental degradation challenged the foundations of post‐war prosperity. Economic development in advanced nations must also be associated with the development of underdevelopment in peripheral countries. In this essay, I therefore contend that what is otherwise defined as ‘development’ has increasingly taken the form of ‘undevelopment’, i.e., a regressive cycle of falling productivity, financialisation, rising inequality, global imbalance and irreversible climate change. Although it is difficult to change the global course of undevelopment, I argue that de‐development can develop into its logical successor. Indeed, by progressively transcending the capitalist world‐system, I conclude that a more durable global economic system can emerge where global wealth redistribution and economic activity within the planet's finite boundaries are central.
Organizational purpose concept clarity: An exploration of employees' perspectives
Authors: Kilson Gabriel A. , Tavares Patrícia
Published: December 2024

Employees play a critical role in materializing the company's purpose as they are the ones responsible for planning and executing all the organizational activities. Considering their vital role, we explored how employees, currently working full‐time from home, perceive their participation in the company's purpose. To do so, we performed online interviews with 23 employees from 14 companies. In addition to employees' perspectives, we collected textual data from the companies' websites where these employees were working, allowing us to compare both perspectives and better understand employees' perspectives. Results revealed that employees do not directly recognize the organizational purpose concept and that the term purpose is barely found on the companies' websites. Therefore, we found that besides a problem of conceptual lack of clarity in the literature, organizational purpose is still on the way to being comprehended within companies. To help solve this problem, based on stakeholder theory, we discuss the meaning of organizational purpose and compare it to related concepts such as mission and vision. Finally, we offer managers orientation on how they should operationalize their companies' purpose and how they may externally communicate it online.
An international Delphi consensus on patient preparation for metabolic and bariatric surgery
Authors: Clyde Danielle R. , Adib Reza , Baig Sarfaraz , Bhasker Aparna G. , Byrne James , Cameron David , Catalain Copaescu , Clare Ken , de Beaux Andrew , Drummond Gillian , Fawal Hayssam , Fried Martin , Ghanem Omar , Graham Yitka , Goel Ramen , Hopkins George , Husain Farah , Joyce Brian , Kermansaravi Mohammad , Kothari Shanu , Kow Lilian , Leite Silvia , Madhok Brij , Mahon David , Miller Karl , Miras Alex , Moussa Osama , Neto Manoel G. , Nimeri Abdelrahman , O'Kane Mary , Parmar Chetan , Peterli Ralph , Poggi Luis , Saliminen Paulina , Sarkar Rupa , Shenfine Jon , Sogg Stephanie , Stenberg Erik , Suter Michel , Taha Safwan , Tahrani Abd , Vilallonga Ramon , Voon Kelvin , Welbourn Richard , Zerrweck Carlos , Lamb Peter , Mahawar Kamal K. , Yang Wah , Robertson Andrew G. N.
Published: December 2024

Global obesity rates have risen dramatically, now exceeding deaths from starvation. Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), initially for severe obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m2), is performed globally over 500 000 times annually, offering significant metabolic benefits beyond weight loss. However, varying eligibility criteria globally impact patient care and healthcare resources. Updated in 2022, ASMBS and IFSO guidelines aim to standardise MBS indications, reflecting current understanding and emphasising comprehensive preoperative assessments. Yet, clinical variability persists, necessitating consensus‐based recommendations. This modified Delphi study engaged 45 global experts to establish consensus on perioperative management in MBS. Experts selected from bariatric societies possessed expertise in MBS and participated in a two‐round Delphi protocol. Consensus was achieved on 90 of 169 statements (53.3%), encompassing multidisciplinary team composition, patient selection criteria, preoperative testing, and referral pathways. The agreement highlighted the critical role of comprehensive preoperative assessments and the integration of healthcare professionals in MBS. These findings offer essential insights to standardise perioperative practices and advocate for evidence‐based guidelines in MBS globally. The study underscores the need for unified protocols to optimise outcomes and guide future research in MBS.
Pharmacogenomic variation and sedation outcomes during early intensive care unit admission: A pragmatic study
Authors: Mohamed Moataz E. , Nguyen Tam T. , Larson Jared , Schwake Beatrice , Rivers Zachary , Beilman Greg , Skaar Debra J. , Jacobson Pamala A.
Published: December 2024

Unpredicted responses to sedatives and analgesics are common in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation (MV) and may be attributed to genetic variation. Our primary aim was to investigate the association between the pharmacogenomic (PGx) variation and sedation outcomes. The secondary aim was to capture intensive care unit (ICU) participants' perceptions of PGx. This was a prospective, observational PGx association study. Adult ICU patients receiving acute MV and sedatives/analgesics were enrolled. The number of altered PGx phenotypes in genes relevant to fentanyl, propofol, and midazolam (CYP2D6, CYP3A4/5, COMT, OPRM1, and CYP2B6) were tested with logistic regression for association with achieving ≥60% and ≥70% of time within Richmond Agitation‐Sedation Scale (RASS) target range (0 to −2) in the first 24 and 48 h of MV. Participants' perceptions of PGx testing and satisfaction with the return of PGx results were collected. Participants (n = 78) had a median of 2 altered PGx phenotypes. Fentanyl and propofol combination was the most frequently administered regimen. There were non‐significant associations of worse sedation outcomes with an increasing number of altered PGx phenotypes (i.e., adjusted odds ratio of achieving target RASS range = 0.46 to 0.96 for each altered phenotype increase at both 24 and 48 h). Individuals participating in the post‐discharge survey had positive perceptions toward PGx. There were no associations between sedation outcomes and PGx variants in the studied 6 genes. Larger studies are needed to investigate the impact of these genes and to evaluate additional genes. ICU participants had positive attitudes and perceptions toward PGx.
Experiences of participation in daily life of adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy: A scoping review
Authors: Cleary Stacey L. , Morgan Prue E. , Wallen Margaret , Honan Ingrid , Shields Nora , Munzel Freya E. , Plummer James R. , Assaad Cassandra , Karlsson Petra , Culnane Evelyn , Ding Jacqueline Y. , Holmes Carlee , Dutia Iain M. , Reddihough Dinah S. , Imms Christine
Published: December 2024

Aim

To synthesize the experiences of 15‐ to 34‐year‐olds with cerebral palsy (CP) as they participate in key life situations of young adulthood.

Method

A mixed‐methods scoping review was undertaken and six electronic databases searched (January 2001 to August 2023). Participation foci and thematic outcomes were mapped to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Results were integrated using a convergent integrated analysis framework, and data analysis completed through thematic synthesis. Themes were mapped to the family of Participation‐Related Constructs.

Results

Thirty‐eight publications (32 studies; 2759 participants) were included. More participants were male (n = 1435), walked independently (n = 1319), and lived with their families (n = 1171). ‘Claiming my adulthood and “doing” life’ was the unifying descriptor of participation, conveying the effortful work young people felt necessary to take their places in the adult world. The physical accessibility of the environment was a significant barrier to participation, as were people's negative attitudes or misconceptions about disability. A close‐knit ‘circle of support’, typically family members, formed a supportive foundation during this period.

Interpretation

Young people with CP aim to participate fully in adult life, alongside their peers. Improved community accessibility, inclusion, and more supportive health environments would ensure they could live the lives they choose.
Site‐Specific Nutrient Data Reveal the Importance of Soils in Driving the Mycorrhizal Make‐Up of Woody Vegetation Worldwide
Authors: Hua Xiaobin , Lusk Christopher H. , Dickie Ian A. , Adu‐Bredu Stephen , Allen Kathryn J. , Araus Viviana , Augusto Laurent , Barsukov Pavel , Bauman David , Brédoire Félix , Burslem David F. R. P. , Dalling James W. , Depauw Leen , Dexter Kyle G. , Drouet Thomas , Godlee John L. , Godoy Roberto , Gutiérrez Rodrigo A. , Muledi Jonathan Ilunga , Jacobs Arnaud , Kooyman Robert , Latorre Claudio , Angulo Jesús López , Macé Sébastien , Maes Sybryn L. , Gonçalves Francisco Maiato Pedro , Junior Ben Hur Marimon , Nicolas Manuel , Nilus Reuben , O'Brien Michael , Menor Imma Oliveras , Piper Frida I. , Read Jennifer , Reynolds Glen , Saldaña Alfredo , Marimon Beatriz Schwantes , Verheyen Kris , Westoby Mark , Wigley Benjamin , Wright Ian J.
Published: December 2024

Aim

Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) and ectomycorrhizas (ECM) have different impacts on nutrient cycling, carbon storage, community dynamics and enhancement of photosynthesis by rising CO2. Recent global analyses have concluded that patterns of AM/ECM dominance in forests worldwide are shaped by climate, with soil nutrients contributing negligible additional explanatory power. However, their reliance on nutrient data from GIS surfaces masks important local influences of parent material, topography and soil age on soil nutrient status. We asked if use of site‐specific nutrient data reveals a more important role for nutrients.

Time Period

Present day.

Location

Global dataset comprising 703 sites, encompassing forests, savanna/woodlands, shrublands and deserts on all continents except Antarctica.

Taxa Studied

Arborescent plants, including angiosperms, gymnosperms and tree ferns.

Methods

Generalised Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) to determine the effects of climate variables, soil nitrogen and soil phosphorus on the proportional representation of ECM and of non‐mycorrhizal species (NM) in woody vegetation.

Results

GAMLSS showed a strong negative relationship of ECM representation with mean annual temperature (MAT), and a strong negative relationship with soil total nitrogen. NM representation was highest on dry sites and phosphorus‐poor sites. Reanalysis showed that GIS‐derived soil nutrient data had less explanatory power than site‐specific nutrient data, and resulted in poorer model fits.

Conclusions

Our results support the long‐held belief that soil nutrients as well as climate influence the relative fitness of different mycorrhizal syndromes worldwide, and demonstrate the value of using site‐specific nutrient data. Soil nutrients should be considered when predicting the impact of climate change on the mycorrhizal composition of vegetation and resulting shifts in ecosystem processes.
Latitudinal Variation in the Timing of Nest Predator Activity Is Habitat Specific
Authors: de Framond Léna , Francis Clinton D. , Valcu Mihai , Brumm Henrik
Published: December 2024

Aim

The goal of this work was to investigate whether the community of avian nest predators shifts from nocturnal to diurnal with changes in latitude. This hypothesis was formulated 70 years ago, under the rationale that longer day length during the bird breeding season at high latitudes increases opportunities for visual predators. Based on other studies investigating the identity of nest predators, we also considered variation in the habitat and nest height.

Location

Global.

Time Period

1994–2020.

Major Taxa Studied

Birds and their nest predators.

Methods

We reviewed studies that report the results of nest monitoring by video or photograph camera and collected data on the identity of nest predators. We then used the activity pattern of the predator species as a proxy to estimate whether predation events were nocturnal or diurnal. We used multivariate logistic and ordinal regressions to investigate whether the probability that nest predators are nocturnal changes with latitude and habitat.

Results

We found that both habitat and latitude explain variation in the circadian type of nest predators. In open habitats, nest predation was more often due to diurnal predators at high latitudes and nocturnal predators near the equator. In forests, on the other hand, nocturnal predator activity patterns were more common closer to the poles.

Main Conclusions

Using meta‐analytical methods, we show that predator activity varies across habitats and latitude leading to markedly different consequences of predation for prey. These findings suggest that small‐scale environmental factors such as habitat type can strongly affect and even neutralise larger‐scale, ecological patterns. We speculate that day length might act along with other biotic and abiotic factors to shape the timing of nest predation in birds.
SPECTRE: Standardised Global Spatial Data on Terrestrial SPecies and ECosystems ThREats
Authors: Branco Vasco V. , Capinha César , Rocha Jorge , Correia Luís , Cardoso Pedro
Published: December 2024

Motivation

SPECTRE is an open‐source database containing standardised spatial data on global environmental and anthropogenic variables that are potential threats to terrestrial species and ecosystems. Its goal is to allow users to swiftly access spatial data on multiple threats at a resolution of 30‐arc seconds for all terrestrial areas. Following the standard set by Worldclim, these data allow full comparability and ease of use under common statistical frameworks for global change studies, species distribution modelling, threat assessments, quantification of ecosystem services and disturbance, among multiple other uses. A web user interface, a persistent online repository and an accompanying R package with functions for downloading and manipulating data are provided.

Main Types of Variable Contained

SPECTRE is a GIS product, currently with 21 geoTiff raster layers with an approximate 1 × 1 km resolution.

Spatial Location and Grain

Global (longitude −180–180, latitude −60–90) terrestrial database with a resolution of 30‐arc seconds (approximately 1 × 1 km at the equator), converted from global sources of different original spatial grain, from 0.03 × 0.03to 10 × 10 km.

Time Period and Grain

The known time period for all sources present in SPECTRE varies from 1976 to 2020 (all but three after 1990), with a minimum temporal grain of 1 year.

Major Taxa and Level of Measurement

Non‐taxa‐specific.

Software Format

geoTiff and R.
Urban sprawl in Rangpur City Corporation from 2003 to 2023: A spatiotemporal exploration using geospatial techniques
Authors: Adhikari Avishek , Ghosh Biddut Kumar , Rahman Md. Naimur
Published: December 2024

The swift urbanisation and sprawl observed in major cities of Bangladesh have prompted a detailed examination of their spatiotemporal dynamics. Therefore, this study explores the intricate patterns of urban sprawl, aiming to provide comprehensive insights into its evolution and impact. Landsat TM images from 2003 and 2013, along with an OLI image from 2023, are employed in supervised classification to detect temporal built‐up area expansion of the Rangpur City Corporation (RpCC). Urban sprawl trends and patterns were evaluated and analysed using Shannon's Entropy Model (SEM), Landscape Metrics (LMs), and the Urban Expansion Intensity Index (UEII). Findings include an increase in the urban expansion rate of 16.5% in 2023. Consequently, RpCC's urban expansion trend from 2003 to 2023 is 16 times greater. Additionally, SEM and LMs confirmed that the RpCC expanded in a dispersed manner and the uncontrolled expansion in urban areas, respectively. These results definitively measure urban sprawl and threaten the sustainable development of RpCC.