bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of polyaspartates for the tartaric stabilisation of white and red wines and side effects on wine characteristics
Authors: Bosso Antonella , Motta Silvia , Panero Loretta , Petrozziello Maurizio , Asproudi Andriani , Lopez Ricardo , Guaita Massimo
Published: January 2020

Aim: The stabilising efficacy against tartaric precipitations of polyaspartates-based products (PAs), in particular potassium polyaspartate (KPA), was tested with six different wines (three white and three red). Some side effects on wine characteristics (white wine colour stability, wine turbidity and filterability) were also studied.Results and conclusions: All PAs showed good stabilising efficacy against tartaric precipitations according to the cold test. With the same test, the PAs were stable in wine for 1 year of storage, which was the total duration of the study. The dose of 100 mg/L was sufficient to stabilise the tested wines. No differences in filterability were observed in comparison with MTA (metatartaric acid). The hypothesised protective effect against colour browning in white wines was not observed.Significance and impact of the study: The international wine trade requires stable wines. This paper provides information to support wineries in managing the use of KPA, as little information is available to date in the literature on this stabilising additive.
An Isolated Complex V Inefficiency and Dysregulated Mitochondrial Function in Immortalized Lymphocytes from ME/CFS Patients
Authors: Missailidis Daniel , Annesley Sarah , Allan Claire , Sanislav Oana , Lidbury Brett , Lewis Donald , Fisher Paul
Published: January 2020

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is an enigmatic condition characterized by exacerbation of symptoms after exertion (post-exertional malaise or “PEM”), and by fatigue whose severity and associated requirement for rest are excessive and disproportionate to the fatigue-inducing activity. There is no definitive molecular marker or known underlying pathological mechanism for the condition. Increasing evidence for aberrant energy metabolism suggests a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in ME/CFS. Our objective was therefore to measure mitochondrial function and cellular stress sensing in actively metabolising patient blood cells. We immortalized lymphoblasts isolated from 51 ME/CFS patients diagnosed according to the Canadian Consensus Criteria and an age- and gender-matched control group. Parameters of mitochondrial function and energy stress sensing were assessed by Seahorse extracellular flux analysis, proteomics, and an array of additional biochemical assays. As a proportion of the basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR), the rate of ATP synthesis by Complex V was significantly reduced in ME/CFS lymphoblasts, while significant elevations were observed in Complex I OCR, maximum OCR, spare respiratory capacity, nonmitochondrial OCR and “proton leak” as a proportion of the basal OCR. This was accompanied by a reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, chronically hyperactivated TOR Complex I stress signalling and upregulated expression of mitochondrial respiratory complexes, fatty acid transporters and enzymes of the β-oxidation and TCA cycles. By contrast, mitochondrial mass and genome copy number, as well as glycolytic rates and steady state ATP levels were unchanged. Our results suggest a model in which ME/CFS lymphoblasts have a Complex V defect accompanied by compensatory upregulation of their respiratory capacity that includes the mitochondrial respiratory complexes, membrane transporters and enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation. This homeostatically returns ATP synthesis and steady state levels to “normal” in the resting cells, but may leave them unable to adequately respond to acute increases in energy demand as the relevant homeostatic pathways are already activated.
Restructuring of the Global Economy
Authors: Shavshukov Viacheslav M. , Zhuravleva Natalia A.
Published: January 2020

The World economy after global crisis of 2008–2009 entered a restructuring era. It defines relevance of researches of its directions and patterns. The principles of determinism and systemic analysis are methodological basis of article. In research were used the methods of processing Big Date, as of continuous changes and the symmetric analysis of macroeconomic indicators according to databases of the IMF, WB, BIS, the Central banks and treasuries. As a result of the research it is proved that depth and globalism of recessionary processes are caused by a combination of crisis of world financial system and civilization problems. Intrinsic signs of risks in the modern economy caused by the duality of the nature of global crises have been identified. There are analyzes: the deficit of resources of the international financial institutions, a negative role of a fixed rate of Yuan, a big share of derivatives and off-balance obligations of banks, use of SPV in structures of deals, growth of debt obligations, trade wars, slowdown in the growth of the Chinese economy, aggravation of contradictions between global and national finances. The thesis is reasonable that deglobalization and dedollarization deepened this conflict, started the rollback mechanism from achievements of globalization, led to tariff wars. By means of a systematization it is proved the key directions of the restructuring of global economy: legal basis, leadership and reserve currency. On the basis of SWOT-analysis of the USA and China it was concluded that the question of leadership of one country should be excluded, but slow transition to use SDR (with a basket from 15–20 currencies) as a reserve.
A Mathematical Model of the Transition from the Normal Hematopoiesis to the Chronic and Accelerated Acute Stages in Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Parajdi Lorand Gabriel , Precup Radu , Bonci Eduard Alexandru , Tomuleasa Ciprian
Published: January 2020

A mathematical model given by a two - dimensional differential system is introduced in order to understand the transition process from the normal hematopoiesis to the chronic and accelerated acute stages in chronic myeloid leukemia. A previous model of Dingli and Michor is refined by introducing a new parameter in order to differentiate the bone marrow microenvironment sensitivities of normal and mutant stem cells. In the light of the new parameter, the system now has three distinct equilibria corresponding to the normal hematopoietic state, to the chronic state, and to the accelerated acute phase of the disease. A characterization of the three hematopoietic states is obtained based on the stability analysis. Numerical simulations are included to illustrate the theoretical results.
Open or Ajar? Openness within the Neoliberal Academy
Authors: Sanders Kevin , Bowie Simon
Published: January 2020

The terms 'open' and 'openness' are widely used across the current higher education environment particularly in the areas of repository services and scholarly communications. Open-access licensing and open-source licensing are two prevalent manifestations of open culture within higher education research environments. As theoretical ideals, open-licensing models aim at openness and academic freedom. But operating as they do within the context of global neoliberalism, to what extent are these models constructed by, sustained by, and co-opted by neoliberalism? In this paper, we interrogate the use of open-licensing within scholarly communications and within the larger societal context of neoliberalism. Through synthesis of various sources, we will examine how open access licensing models have been constrained by neoliberal or otherwise corporate agendas, how open access and open scholarship have been reframed within discourses of compliance, how open-source software models and software are co-opted by politico-economic forces, and how the language of 'openness' is widely misused in higher education and repository services circles to drive agendas that run counter to actually increasing openness. We will finish by suggesting ways to resist this trend and use open-licensing models to resist neoliberal agendas in open scholarship.
Association between Post-Diagnosis Particulate Matter Exposure Among 5-Year Cancer Survivors and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Three Metropolitan Areas from South Korea
Authors: Kim Kyae Hyung , Choi Seulggie , Kim Kyuwoong , Chang Jooyoung , Kim Sung Min , Kim Seong Rae , Cho Yoosun , Lee Gyeongsil , Son Joung Sik , Park Sang Min
Published: January 2020

Abstract: Cancer survivors are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between particulate matter (PM) and CVD risk among cancer survivors (alive >5 years since diagnosis) is unclear. We investigated the risk of CVD among 40,899 cancer survivors within the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Exposure to PM was determined by assessing yearly average PM levels obtained from the Air Korea database from 2008 to 2011. PMs with sizes <2.5 (PM2.5), <10 (PM10), or 2.5-10 (PM2.5-10) μm in diameter were compared, with each PM level exposure further divided into quintiles. Patients were followed up from January 2012 to date of CVD event, death, or December 2017, whichever came earliest. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression by PM exposure levels. Compared with cancer survivors in the lowest quintile of PM2.5 exposure, those within the highest quintile had a greater risk for CVD (aHR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07-1.59). Conversely, increasing PM10 and PM2.5-10 levels were not associated with increased CVD risk (p for trend 0.078 and 0.361, respectively). Cancer survivors who reduce PM2.5 exposure may reduce their risk of developing CVD.
Hash-Based Hierarchical Caching and Layered Filtering for Interactive Previews in Global Illumination Rendering
Authors: Roth Thorsten , Weier Martin , Bauszat Pablo , Hinkenjann André , Li Yongmin
Published: January 2020

Modern Monte-Carlo-based rendering systems still suffer from the computational complexity involved in the generation of noise-free images, making it challenging to synthesize interactive previews. We present a framework suited for rendering such previews of static scenes using a caching technique that builds upon a linkless octree. Our approach allows for memory-efficient storage and constant-time lookup to cache diffuse illumination at multiple hitpoints along the traced paths. Non-diffuse surfaces are dealt with in a hybrid way in order to reconstruct view-dependent illumination while maintaining interactive frame rates. By evaluating the visual fidelity against ground truth sequences and by benchmarking, we show that our approach compares well to low-noise path traced results, but with a greatly reduced computational complexity allowing for interactive frame rates. This way, our caching technique provides a useful tool for global illumination previews and multi-view rendering.
RIP1 is Novel Component of γ-Ionizing Radiation-Induced Invasion of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Cho Jeong Hyun , Kang A-Ram , Lee Na-Gyeong , Song Jie-Young , Hwang Sang-Gu , Lee Dae-Hee , Um Hong-Duck , Park Jong Kuk
Published: January 2020

Previously, we demonstrated that IR triggers the invasion/migration of A549 cells via activation of an EGFR–p38/ERK–STAT3/CREB-1–EMT pathway. Here, we have demonstrated the involvement of a novel intracellular signaling mechanism in γ-ionizing radiation (IR)-induced migration/invasion. Expression of receptor-interacting protein (RIP) 1 was initially increased upon exposure of A549, a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line, to IR. IR-induced RIP1 is located downstream of EGFR and involved in the expression/activity of matrix metalloproteases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and vimentin, suggesting a role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our experiments showed that IR-induced RIP1 sequentially induces Src-STAT3-EMT to promote invasion/migration. Inhibition of RIP1 kinase activity and expression blocked induction of EMT by IR and suppressed the levels and activities of MMP-2, MMP-9, and vimentin. IR-induced RIP1 activation was additionally associated with stimulation of the transcriptional factor NF-κB. Specifically, exposure to IR triggered NF-κB activation and inhibition of NF-κB suppressed IR-induced RIP1 expression followed by a decrease in invasion/migration as well as EMT. Based on the collective results, we propose that IR concomitantly activates EGFR and NF-κB and subsequently triggers the RIP1–Src/STAT3–EMT pathway, ultimately promoting metastasis.
Evaluation of La (III) and Ce(III) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution Using Carbon Nanotubes Adsorbent
Authors: García Díaz Irene , Alguacil Francisco J. , Escudero Esther , López Félix A.
Published: January 2020

Since the 1960s Rare earths (REs) applications gradually have expanded to everyday life. REs have great strategic importance in industrial and technological development, so it is expected an increase in their demand. Among the REs the European Commission considered Cerium and Lanthanum as critical raw materials. This research article studies the adsorption of Ce and La onto two carbon nanomaterials, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and carboxylic functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT_ox). The latter has slightly more affinity for REs than MWCNT. The recovery percentage for Ce were 89 and 98% and in the case of for La were 99 and 92% using 0.8 g of MWCNT and 0.2 g of MWCNT_ox respectively. The adsorption process fits a pseudo second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm best represented the metal uptake.
Dispersion-Free Extraction of In(III) from HCl Solutions Using a Supported Liquid Membrane Containing HA324H+Cl- Ionic Liquid as Carrier
Authors: Alguacil Francisco J. , López Félix A.
Published: January 2020

The transport of indium(III), from HCl solutions, across a supported liquid membrane in flat-sheet configuration was investigated, being the carrier the ionic liquid HA324H+Cl- (derived from the tertiary amine Hostarex A324 and hydrochloric acid). Different variables affecting the metal transport: hydrodynamic conditions in the source and receiving phases, metal and HCl concentrations in the source phase, and carrier concentration in the membrane phase, were investigated. Also the transport of indium(III) using carriers of various nature: ionic liquids, alcohol, ketone, phosphine oxide and phosphoric ester, was compared. The metal transport was modelled describing the transport mechanism as: diffusion across the source diffusion layer, a fast interfacial chemical reaction, and diffusion of the InCl4--carrier complex through the membrane support. Diffusional parameters for the transport of indium(III), from the experimental data and the model, were estimated.
Production of Fuel Oil from Municipal Plastic Wastes Using Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis
Authors: Kica Omol Dan , Acaye Ongwech , Fred Okot David , Bongomin Ocident
Published: January 2020

Plastics have become an indispensable part of modern life today. The global production of plastics has gone up to 299million tones in 2013, which is believed to be increasing in the near future. The utilization of plastics and its final disposal pose a tremendous negative significance impacts on the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis for production of fuel oil from the polyethene plastic wastes. Catalysts used in the experiment were acid activated clay mineral and aluminum chlorides on activated carbon. The clay mineral was activated by refluxing it with 6M Sulphuric acid for 3hours. The experiment was conducted in three different phases: the first phase of the experiment was done without a catalyst where 88mL oil was obtained at a maximum temperature of 39 and heating rates of 12.5, reaction time of 4hours. The second phase involves the use of acid activated clay mineral where 100mL of oil was obtained and heating rates of 12.5 and reaction time of 3hours 30minutes. The third phase was done using aluminium chlorides on activated carbon and 105ml oil was obtained at a maximum temperature of 400 and heating rates of 15.5 reaction time of 3hours 10minutes. From the results, catalytic pyrolysis is more efficient than purely thermal pyrolysis and homogenous catalysis (aluminum chlorides) shows a better result than solid acid catalyst (activated clay minerals) hence saving the energy needed for pyrolysis and making the process more economically feasible.
Conventional Data Science Techniques to Bioinformatics and Utilizing a Grid Computing Approach to Computational Medicine
Authors: M. K. Nassief Andrew
Published: January 2020

Conventional data visualization software have greatly improved the efficiency of the mining and visualization of biomedical data. However, when one applies a grid computing approach the efficiency and complexity of such visualization allows for a hypothetical increase in research opportunities. This paper will present data visualization examples presented in conventional networks, then go into higher details about more complex techniques related to leveraging parallel processing architecture. Part of these complex techniques include the attempt to build a basic general adversarial network (GAN) in order to increase the statistical pool of biomedical data for analysis as well as an introduction to the project utilizing the decentralized-internet SDK. This paper is meant to show you said conventional examples then go into details about the deeper experimentation and self contained results.
A Review on Control and Optimisation of Multi-Agent Systems and Complex Networks for Systems Engineering
Authors: Herrera Manuel , Pérez-Hernández Marco , Kumar Parlikad Ajith , Izquierdo Joaquín
Published: January 2020

Systems Engineering is an ubiquitous discipline of Engineering overlapping industrial, chemical, mechanical, manufacturing, control, software, electrical, and civil engineering. It provides tools for dealing with the complexity and dynamics related to the optimisation of physical, natural, and virtual systems management. This paper presents a review of how multi-agent systems and complex networks theory are brought together to address Systems Engineering and management problems. The review also encompasses current and future research directions both for theoretical fundamentals and applications in Industry. This is made by considering trends such as mesoscale, multiscale, and multilayer networks; along with the state-of-art analysis on network dynamics and intelligent networks. Critical and smart infrastructure, manufacturing processes, and supply chain networks are instances of research topics for which this literature review is highly relevant.
Sudden Variation Effect of Aerodynamic Loads and Safety Analysis of Running Trains when Entering Tunnel under Crosswind
Authors: Yang Weichao , Deng E , Zhu Zhihui , Lei Mingfeng , Shi ChengHua , He Hong
Published: January 2020

Sudden variation of aerodynamic loads is the potential source of safety accidents of high-speed train (HST). As a follow-up investigation on the aerodynamic response of a HST that enters a tunnel under crosswind environment, this paper focuses on the transient response of a HST’s safety indices based on the train–track coupling interaction model. Firstly, a wind–train–track coupling dynamic model is proposed by introducing transient aerodynamic loads into the vehicle–track system. Secondly, the temporal evolution of safety coefficients indicates that the train’s safety risk increases during tunnel entry with crosswind. Results show that the derailment coefficients and wheel load reduction rate during tunnel entry are not only larger than those in open air but also those inside the tunnel due to the sudden disappearance of wind excitation at the tunnel entrance. In addition, the characteristic wind curve, which is the wind velocity against the train speed, is presented for application based on the current specification of the safety criteria threshold. The investigation will be useful in assessing the safety risk of a running train subjected to other aerodynamic attacks, such as the coupling effect of infrastructure scenario and crosswind in windy area.
Summary: Chemical Modulation of Circadian Rhythms and Assessment of Cellular Behavior via Indirubin and Derivatives
Authors: Lin Hui-Hsien , Robertson Kelly L. , Lellupitiyage Don Sujeewa S. , Taylor Stephanie R. , Farkas Michelle E.
Published: January 2020

We present a summary of our protocol for employment of small-molecule circadian rhythm modulators. The abilities of compounds to affect oscillations have received significant attention. We outline assessments of circadian changes using indirubin-3’-oxime (IO), 5-iodo-indirubin-3’-oxime (5I-IO), and 5-sulfonic acid-indirubin-3’-oxime (5SA-IO), analyzing effects on Bmal1 and Per2 oscillations and oncogenic features.
A Gray System Theory Based Multi-Path Routing Method for Improving Network Lifetime in Internet of Things Systems
Authors: Zarei Meysam , Soltanaghaei Mohammadreza
Published: January 2020

Internet of things (IoT) is a network of smart things. This indicates the ability of these physical things to transfer information with other physical things. IoT has introduced various services and daily human life depends on its reliable and accessible operation. The characteristics of these networks, such as topology dynamicity and energy constraint, challenges the routing problem in these networks. Previous routing methods could not achieve the required performance in this type of network. Therefore, developers of this network designed and developed specific methods in order to satisfy the requirements of these networks. One of the routing methods is utilization of multi-path protocols which send data to its destination using routs with separate links. One of such protocols is AOMDV routing protocol. AOMDV protocol is a multi-path protocol which uses multiple different paths for sending information in order to maintain the network traffic balance, manage and control node energy, decrease latency, etc. In this paper, this method is improved using gray system theory which chooses the best paths used for separate routes to send packets. To do this, AOMDV packet format is altered and some fields are added to it so that energy criteria, link expiration time, and signal to noise ratio can also be considered while selecting the best route. The proposed method named GSTMPR-IoT is introduced which chooses the routs with highest rank for concurrent transmission of data, using a specific routine based on the gray system theory. In order to evaluate and report the results, the proposed GSTMPR-IoT method is compared to the EECRP and AOMDV approaches with regard to throughput, packet delivery rate, end to end delay, average residual energy, and network lifetime. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed GSTMPR-IoT compared to the EECRP and AOMDV approaches.
Assessment of the Atmosphere Composition after Washing, Gas-Freeing and Aerating Processes in Vessel Cargo Tanks
Authors: Herdzik Jerzy
Published: January 2020

Paper discussed the problem of proper process of gas-freeing and ventilation of vessel cargo tank after washing process in aim to the entrance into the tank and its inspection. Correct assessment of atmosphere composition into the cargo tank is a basic condition of safe entrance and work of a crew. It should be done following actions: assessment of flammability hazard, the presence of other toxic gases for human and oxygen concentration. In the aim ship-owner should prepare adequate procedures: before entrance, during work and on emergency situations. On a vessel the assessment performs responsibility (entitled) officer whose decisions are crucial for the safety of prosecuting operations. The one of primary problem is proper (adequate) assessment of oxygen concentration in the air into the tank (enclosed spaces) after the measurement which should be properly interpreted. It concerns basically such situations when the oxygen concentration into the tank after measure leads the value over 22% or below 20.6% of volume (mole) contribution (v/v).
Hybrid Model of Singular Value Decomposition, ANFIS and Genetic Algorithm for Prediction of Sediment Transport in Sewers
Authors: Bonakdari Hossein , Ebtehaj Isa , Mosavi Amir , Talesh Seyed Hamed Ashraf , Jamali Ali , Gharabaghi Bahram
Published: January 2020

Densimetric Froude (Fr) is the minimum velocity required to prevent sediment deposition in pipes. Prediction of Fr is of utmost importance in numerous applications in civil engineering. In this paper through using a new hybrid method. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used for optimum selection of membership functions of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) method is used to compute the linear parameters of ANFIS’s results section (ANFIS-GA/SVD). Also, two different target functions are known as training error (TE) and prediction error (PE) by Pareto curve, the trade-off between these functions is selected as the optimal modeling point. First, different models will be presented using the parameters affecting Fr prediction, classifying them in different groups; then the Fr parameter will be predicted for all the different models through utilizing three different sets of data and the ANFIS-GA/SVD technique. The results of the models indicate that the best Fr prediction is obtained when independent parameters such as volumetric sediment concentration (CV), ratio of median diameter of particle size to pipe diameter (d/D), ratio of median diameter of particle size to hydraulic radius (d/R) and overall friction factor of sediment (λs) use as input variables in prediction of Fr. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted for the purpose of examining the effect of each of the dimensionless parameters on Fr prediction accuracy. Comparing the results of the suggested models with the existing regression-based equations shows that ANFIS-GA/SVD (R2=0.986, MAPE=4.397, RMSE=0.206, SI=0.053, ρ=0.026, BIAS=-0.025) is more accurate than the rest of the models.
A New Multi-Agent Approach for Solving Optimization Problems with High-Dimensional: Case Study in Email Spam Detection
Authors: Mohmmadzadeh Hekmat , Soleimanian Gharehchopogh Farhad
Published: January 2020

There exist numerous high-dimensional problems in the real world which cannot be solved through the common traditional methods. The metaheuristic algorithms have been developed as successful techniques for solving a variety of complex and difficult optimization problems. Notwithstanding their advantages, these algorithms may turn out to have weak points such as lower population diversity and lower convergence rate when facing complex high-dimensional problems. An appropriate approach to solve such problems is to apply multi-agent systems along with the metaheuristic algorithms. The present paper proposes a new approach based on the multi-agent systems and the concept of agent, which is named Multi-Agent Metaheuristic (MAMH) method. In the proposed approach, several basic and powerful metaheuristic algorithms, including Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Firefly Algorithm (FA), Bat Algorithm (BA), Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA), Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Crow Search Algorithm (CSA), Farmland Fertility Algorithm (FFA), are considered as separate agents each of which sought to achieve its own goals while competing and cooperating with others to achieve the common goals. In overall, the proposed method was tested on 32 complex benchmark functions, the results of which indicated effectiveness and powerfulness of the proposed method for solving the high-dimensional optimization problems. In addition, in this paper, the binary version of the proposed approach, called Binary MAMH (BMAMH), was executed on the spam email dataset. According to the results, the proposed method exhibited a higher precision in detection of the spam emails compared to other metaheuristic algorithms and methods.
Efficient Binary Symbiotic Organisms Search Algorithm Approaches for Feature Selection Problems
Authors: Mohmmadzadeh Hekmat , Soleimanian Gharehchopogh Farhad
Published: January 2020

Feature selection is one of the main data preprocessing steps in machine learning. Its goal is to reduce the number of features by removing extra and noisy features. Feature selection methods must consider the accuracy of classification algorithms while performing feature reduction on a dataset. Meta-heuristic algorithms are the most successful and promising methods for solving this issue. The symbiotic organisms search algorithm is one of the successful meta-heuristic algorithms which is inspired by the interaction of organisms in the nature called Parasitism Commensalism Mutualism. In this paper, three engulfing binary methods based on the symbiotic organisms search algorithm are presented for solving the feature selection problem. In the first and second methods, several S-shaped and V-shaped transfer functions are used for binarizing the symbiotic organisms search algorithm, respectively. These methods are called BSOSS and BSOSV. In the third method, two new operators called BMP and BCP are presented for binarizing the symbiotic organisms search algorithm. This method is called EBSOS. The third approach presents an advanced binary version of the coexistence search algorithm with two new operators, BMP and BCP, to solve the feature selection problem, named EBSOS. The proposed methods are run on 18 standard UCI datasets and compared to base and important meta-heuristic algorithms. The test results show that the EBSOS method has the best performance among the three proposed approaches for binarization of the coexistence search algorithm. Finally, the proposed EBSOS approach was compared to other meta-heuristic methods including the genetic algorithm, binary bat algorithm, binary particle swarm algorithm, binary flower pollination algorithm, binary grey wolf algorithm, binary dragonfly algorithm, and binary chaotic crow search algorithm. The results of different experiments showed that the proposed EBSOS approach has better performance compared to other methods in terms of feature count and accuracy criteria. Furthermore, the proposed EBSOS approach was practically evaluated on spam email detection in particular. The results of this experiment also verified the performance of the proposed EBSOS approach. In addition, the proposed EBSOS approach is particularly combined with the classifiers including SVM, KNN, NB and MLP to evaluate this method performance in the detection of spam emails. The obtained results showed that the proposed EBSOS approach has significantly improved the accuracy and speed of all the classifiers in spam email detection.
Antioxidants Reduce Muscular Dystrophy in the dy2J/dy2J Mouse Model of Laminin α2 Chain-deficient Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: M. Harandi Vahid , Moreira Soares Oliveira Bernardo , Allamand Valérie , Friberg Ariana , Fontes-Oliveira Cibely C , Durbeej Madeleine
Published: January 2020

Congenital muscular dystrophy with laminin α2 chain-deficiency (LAMA2-CMD) is a severe neuromuscular disorder without a cure. Using transcriptome and proteome profiling as well as functional assays, we previously demonstrated significant metabolic impairment in skeletal muscle from LAMA2-CMD patients and mouse models. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase when oxygen homeostasis is not maintained and here, we investigate whether oxidative stress indeed is involved in the pathogenesis of LAMA2-CMD. We also analyse the effects of two antioxidant molecules, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and vitamin E, on disease progression in the dy2J/dy2J mouse model of LAMA2-CMD. We demonstrate increased ROS levels in LAMA2-CMD mouse and patient skeletal muscle. Furthermore, NAC treatment (150 mg/kg IP for 6 days/week during 3 weeks) led to muscle force loss prevention, reduced central nucleation and decreased the occurrence of apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress in LAMA2-CMD muscle. In addition, vitamin E (40 mg/kg oral gavage for 6 days/week during 2 weeks) improved morphological features and reduced inflammation and ROS levels in dy2J/dy2J skeletal muscle. We suggest that NAC and to some extent vitamin E might be potential future supportive treatments for LAMA2-CMD as they improve numerous pathological hallmarks of LAMA2-CMD.
Pengembangan Profesionalisme Guru Madrasah dengan Penguatan Konsep Khalifah
Authors: Tambak Syahraini , Sukenti Desi
Published: January 2020

Research on teacher professionalism has been extensively studied by other researchers, but giving the concept of the caliph to the solution of its development has not yet been found. This study aims to explore the professionalism development of Madrasah Aliyah teachers by strengthening the concept of the caliph. This type of research is quantitative with ex post facto approach.  I set 320 male and female teachers in public and private madrasas in 12 districts / cities in one of the provinces in Indonesia as a research sample. The questionnaire was used to measure the concept of the caliphate and the professionalism of madrasa teachers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANNOVA, and simple linear regression. The results showed that the promotion of the concept of the khalifah teacher was at a high stage, while professionalism was at a low stage. There are differences in the concepts of male and female teacher caliphs, length of certification and length of teaching of teachers, while in terms of teacher age there are no differences. There is a strong influence of strengthening the concept of the caliph in developing the professionalism of Madrasa aliyah teachers. This study concludes that the strengthening of the caliph concept contributes significantly in developing the professionalism of Madrasah Aliyah teachers. This study recommends that the Ministry of Religion adopt a policy of developing teacher professionalism by strengthening the concept of the caliph in madrasa teachers in Indonesia
Model Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Multiliterasi Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Dan Moderasi Islam di Perguruan Tinggi Negeri
Authors: Hadiyanto Andy , Samitri Cendra , Maria Ulfah Siti
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan suatu pembelajaran bahasa Arab multiliterasi berbasis kearifan lokal di Perguran Tinggi Umum yang valid, efektif, efisien, dan praktis sehingga dapat dijadikan alternatif model pembelajaran lain yang diterapkan oleh dosen bahasa Arab. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pola “the dominantless dominant design” dan desain penelitian research and development (R & D). Penelitian dilakukan melalui dua  tahapan: (1) Studi Pendahuluan (Exploration study), dan (2) Pengembangan model (Action Research. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, angket (test), dan FGD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) pembelajaran bahasa Arab masih terlalu bersifat behavioristik dan sekadar menghasilkan keterampilan berbahasa mekanistik, 2) Pembelajaran bahasa Arab multiliterasi harus memungkinkan mahasiswa agar dapat melakukan proses intensifikasi dan ekstensifikasi kemampuannya dalam berkomunikasi menggunakan bahasa Arab sehingga mengembangkan kemampuan dan keterampilan komunikasi menggunakan bahasa Arab secara mandiri dengan menggunakan multisumber dan media, 3) pembelajaran bahasa Arab multiliterasi yang mendudukan mahasiswa dalam konteks kehidupan riilnya harus diiringi dengan pemahaman dan keinsafan tentang pentingnya integrasi kearifan lokal Indonesia dalam proses pembelajaran, 4) Komponen dan sintaks model pembelajaran bahasa Arab multiliterasi berbasis kearifan lokal mengacu pada temuan empiris dan teoretik, yakni tujuan, metode, materi, serta evaluasi pembelajaran.
Role of parents in school management: A focus on decision making and accountability in resource provision in pre-primary schools in Embu County, Kenya
Authors: WANJAU IRERI JEREMIAH , Begi Nyakwara
Published: January 2020

There is a link between availability of resources and quality of education in schools. This is because children who are exposed to sufficient resources in schools develop positive self-concept and perform better in all curricular areas. This study was designed to explore the influence of parents’ involvement in decision making by the school boards of management on the adequacy of resources in pre-primary schools in Embu County. The study was guided by Systems theory of management. The dependent variable was adequacy of resources in pre-primary schools, while the independent variables were involvement of parents in decision making process and accountability of school management to parents. Results from data analysis revealed that resources available in most of the pre-primary schools were inadequate. It was also apparent that parental involvement in decision making process and accountability of school management on use of resources influenced the adequacy of resources in pre-primary schools.
Female size and pre-copulatory sexual selection by males of intertidal snail (Littorina saxatilis)
Authors: Nora Alsafi
Published: January 2020

Littorina saxatilis, the rough periwinkle, is highly promiscuous and polyandrous; female L. saxatilis snails rarely reject male advances. Sexual selection by males has been observed in this species. Sexual selection is one of the driving forces of evolution and may be a significant contributor to partial reproductive isolation between two ecotypes of L. saxatilis. Male sexual selection based on female size was investigated for wave-exposed crab ecotype snails in this study. Males and females were measured and placed in mating arenas. Males were presented with a choice of a smaller or larger female relative to themselves. Mating frequency and duration was recorded. A total of 19 successful trials were performed. A significantly higher mating frequency (p<0.005) was associated with larger females, indicating that males exhibit strong pre-copulatory sexual selection. Mating duration was significantly longer for larger female mating events (p<0.05) but was also equally determined by male size (p<0.05) as larger males tended to mate for longer. These results indicate that a strong sexual selection by males exists for L. saxatilis, in which larger females are preferred. This behavior may be a response to perceived fecundity of females, and/or may be a product of selection against hybrids.
DUROPHAGOUS FISH PREDATION TRACES VERSUS TUMBLING-INDUCED SHELL DAMAGE—A PALEOBIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: SALAMON MARIUSZ A. , BRACHANIEC TOMASZ , GORZELAK PRZEMYSŁAW
Published: January 2020

Durophagous (shell-crushing) fish predation is considered to have been a major force of evolutionary change in the history of marine communities. However, because fish predators are very rarely preserved in the act of predation, fossil evidence of such interactions is commonly indirect. For instance, it has been argued that shell fragments with sharp margins constitute a good proxy for durophagy. However, drawing a distinction between predation- and abiotic-induced shell damage can be challenging. Notably, experimental data on shell fragmentation by marine durophagous fishes are almost lacking. In this study, we explore whether shell breakage caused by durophagous marine fishes versus physical factors can be distinguished. Aquarium experiments involving commercially available predatory fishes (Diodon) and thin-shelled invertebrate preys (gastropods Nassarius and brachiopods Frenulina) show that the predation by some fish produces shell fragments displaying extremely low roundness and varying degree of sphericity. Importantly, these fragments typically display sharp and jagged margins, and reveal distortion of individual crystal fibers. Tumbling experiments showed that the disintegration of brachiopod shells proceeds much more rapidly than that of gastropods, which may suggest that abiotic-induced fragmentation of brachiopods may be eventually confused with predation. However, the tumbling-induced fragmentation and damage in both groups are typically characterized by the presence of spherical or discoidal and rounded shell fragments displaying smooth edges (without any microstructural distortion), and numerous abrasive scratches and wear scars on the surface. These data underscore that the shell fragments produced by a durophagous fish, if not subsequently abraded by physical factors, can be recognized in the fossil record.
Analyzing the interactions of circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs to predict ceRNA networks in human acute type A aortic dissection
Authors: huang maoxun , piao hulin , wang yong , wang weitie , li bo , zhu zhicheng , xu rihao , li dan , wang tiance , liu kexiang
Published: January 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square.
Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in general population of Myanmar via Nation wide study
Authors: Kyaw Yi Yi , Lwin Aye Aye , Aye Khin Saw , Thu Hlaing Myat , Htun Moh Moh , Soe Hnin Ohmar , Aye Kay Thi , Thant Kyaw Zin , Hwang Hyeon Jeong , Cheong JaeHun
Published: January 2020

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a severe health concern worldwide. HBV is a DNA virus with a rapid rate of mutation. Based on the heterogeneity of the HBV nucleotide sequence, the HBV strains are divided into ten genotypes, A to J, with a characteristic geographical distribution. Identifying and tracking the changes of HBV genotypes is important in epidemiological and transmission studies, predicting the risk for the development of severe liver disease and response to antiviral treatment. The present study was conducted to detect HBV genotypes and sub-genotypes in general population of different states and regions in Myanmar. Methods A total of 5,547 general adult population who residing at seven states, seven regions and Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory were screened for Hepatitis B Surface antigen (HBsAg) by Immunochromatgraphic test (ICT) in 2015. Of 353 HBsAg positive samples, HBV DNA were detected by using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) targeting the DNA sequences encoding the Pre-S region. A total of 153 PCR positive samples were preceded for genotyping by partial genome sequencing of both directions. The resulting sequences were then edited, aligned and compared with reference sequences using National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) web based genotyping tool. Results Three HBV genotypes; HBV/ C, HBV/ D and HBV/ B were detected in Myanmar, in which genotype HBV/ C (66.7%) was the most prevalent genotype followed by HBV/ D (32%) and HBV/ B (1.3%) respectively. Sub-genotyping revealed a total of 7 sub-genotypes within genotypes B, C and D: two (B4 and B5) in HBV/ B, three (C1, C5 and C7) in HBV/C and two (D3 and D6) in HBV/ D. Conclusion Genotype HBV/C, sub-genotype C1 was the most predominant genotype distributed in all states and regions of Myanmar. This study was first report on Nation- wide distribution of HBV genotype and sub-genotypes in Myanmar and the findings will be a huge support for hepatitis disease surveillance programme which is the one of the National Priority Diseases in Myanmar.
Plasma HER2ECD a promising test for patient prognosis and prediction of response in HER2 positive breast cancer: Results of a randomized study - SAKK 22/99
Authors: Eppenberger-Castori Serenella , Klingbiel Dirk , Ruhstaller Thomas , Dietrich Daniel , Rufle Daniel Alexander , Rothgiesser Karin , Pagani Olivia , Thürlimann Beat
Published: January 2020

Background
The HER2 extracellular domain shed in blood (HER2 ECD ) is reported to rise and fall in parallel with HER2+ breast cancer behavior. In this study, we evaluated the clinical relevance of plasma HER2 ECD values in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated in the SAKK22/99 trial comparing trastuzumab monotherapy followed by trastuzumab-chemotherapy combination at progression versus upfront combination therapy.
Methods
Quantitative assessment of plasma HER2 ECD was performed in 133 patients at baseline; after 2-24 hours; at 3 weeks; at first response evaluation (8-9 weeks); and at tumor progression. Associations with tumor characteristics, disease course and trial treatment were evaluated.
Results
Baseline HER2 ECD levels were stable within 24 hours after the first trastuzumab injection. These plasma values correlated positively with the HER2 gene ratio (r s =0.39, P <0.001) and HER2 protein expression levels (r s =0.36, P <0.001) but not with ER/PR status of the primary tumor. HER2 ECD baseline levels were positively associated with the presence of visceral disease ( P =0.05) and poor patients’ outcome (Cox-regression: P =0.009). Patients with high baseline levels ( > 35ng/ml) had the worst overall survival ( P =0.03) if treated with upfront combination therapy. Conversely, patients with low HER2 ECD baseline values (<15ng/ml) had longer time to progression on combined trastuzumab-chemotherapy when first treated with trastuzumab monotherapy ( P =0.02). Monitoring HER2 ECD levels during the course of the trial revealed significant time ( P =0.001) and time-treatment arm interactions ( P =0.0007). Under upfront trastuzumab alone, the HER2 ECD levels remained stable until just before disease progression. In patients responding to combination treatment HER2 ECD levels decreased to > 20%.
Conclusions
Plasma HER2 ECD levels in patients with metastatic breast cancer reflect HER2 disease status. This robust biomarker might help identifying patients without visceral disease profiting from a sequential treatment’s modality. Monitoring HER2 ECD levels during trastuzumab monotherapy could help defining the optimal time to introduce chemotherapy.
Co-overexpression of STIP1 and Hsp90 correlates with progression and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Youwen , Wang Junye , Ye Shucheng , Guo Maoqing , Jiang Shenghua , Li Wei
Published: January 2020

Background: Stress-inducible phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) have been found to be correlated with malignant tumors. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between their expressions and lung adenocarcinoma (LAC).
Methods: The expressions of STIP1 and Hsp90 in LAC cells and tissues were tested by immunohistochemistry and western blot; the correlation between their expressions and clinicopathological parameters of LAC was analyzed by survival analysis and multiple regression analysis.
Results: The expressions of STIP1 and Hsp90 were higher in A549 cells and LAC tissues than that in 16 human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE cells) (P < 0.05) and cancer-adjacent normal lung tissues (P < 0.05). The expressions of STIP1 and Hsp90 in LAC showed a strong positive correlation (P < 0.05) and the increased expressions of STIP1 and Hsp90 significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), advanced clinical stage (P < 0.05) and shorter survival (P < 0.05) of LAC.
Conclusions: The increased expressions of STIP1 and Hsp90 were closely related to malignant biological behavior of LAC, indicating that they could be used as the potential biomarkers and prognostic indicators for LAC.