bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Data Transmission Reliability in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks under Dynamic Scenarios
Authors: Ezanee Mohamed Elias  , Mohd Nurfaisal Baharuddin  , Nur Amalina Mohamad Zaki  , Roshartini Omar  , Banu Santoso
Published: June 2024

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) face inherent challenges in maintaining reliable data transmission because of their dynamic and unpredictable nature. This research conducts a comprehensive reliability analysis of data transmission in MANETs, emphasizing the influence of dynamic conditions such as node mobility, changing network topologies, and fluctuating channel conditions. Through the utilization of mathematical models and simulations, the study assesses the overall reliability of data transmission, considering scenarios with diverse node densities, mobility patterns, and network sizes. Existing routing protocols, error correction mechanisms, and adaptive transmission strategies are examined for their effectiveness in reducing the impact of dynamic conditions on reliability. The research not only examines the current state of protocols but also explores potential enhancements and introduces novel approaches to enhance data transmission reliability under dynamic conditions. The findings offer a nuanced understanding of the challenges and opportunities related to reliable communication in MANETs. This research provides crucial insights for designing resilient communication systems in dynamic and mobile network scenarios, offering valuable guidance to researchers, network designers, and practitioners involved in optimizing the performance of MANETs in real-world applications.
Le interazioni umani-ambiente nell’applicazione di tecniche agricole sapientemente adattate al territorio: l’esempio dell’isola di Pantelleria
Authors: Deguillame Virginie
Published: June 2024

L’isola di Pantelleria in Sicilia sfida i suoi abitanti con condizioni difficili: assenza di sorgenti d’acqua, venti violenti, siccità, terreni vulcanici ricchi di pietre. Per affrontare queste condizioni avverse, gli agricoltori locali hanno sviluppato tecniche di coltivazione uniche, adatte al territorio e basate su una profonda comprensione del loro ambiente. Il legame che si è instaurato tra umani e ambiente non solo ha plasmato le pratiche agricole dei contadini, ma ha anche influito sulla loro organizzazione sociale, compresi gli scambi matrimoniali e la suddivisione delle proprietà. Nonostante le mutevoli dinamiche globali e l'evoluzione degli stili di vita che alterano il paesaggio dell'isola, gli abitanti di Pantelleria hanno dimostrato una notevole resilienza nel mantenere i saperi tradizionali e le tecniche ad essi connesse, radicata nell’eredità agricola e nel profondo attaccamento al territorio. L'isolamento geografico, il legame con la natura e l'organizzazione sociale contribuiscono all’identità pantesca, che si evolve con le scelte di vita delle nuove generazioni.
¿Donde esta el pollo? Cuba, sovranità alimentare e ontologia della scarsezza
Authors: Zapponi Elena
Published: June 2024

I paradigmi della sostenibilità si vanno formando a Cuba secondo percorsi autonomi, marcati dall’imposizione del bloqueo (blocco economico). L’analisi si concentra su mutamenti radicati nella crisi di lunga durata seguita agli anni ’90 del Novecento e su un’“ontologia della scarsezza”, conseguenza della pandemia, dell’acuita crisi economica, della recente riorganizzazione del sistema monetario; un tempo marcato dall’aumentato senso di lotta quotidiana da parte dei cittadini che sperimentano difficoltà di approvvigionamento, peregrinazioni urbane per la ricerca di alimenti e un inedito esodo migratorio. La riflessione si concentra sulla libreta de abastecimiento, la tessera di razionamento degli alimenti di prima necessità. Essa è considerata nella sua produzione di habitus ma anche come oggetto contraddittorio, metafora di scarsezza, promessa della garanzia di alimenti concretamente spesso non disponibili. Inoltre, metafora dei mutamenti recenti del resolver cubano è il pollo, alimento importato, di difficile reperimento, segno per eccellenza dei problemi di interruzione di catene alimentari, delle difficoltà di distribuzione e di code per l’acquisto che modificano la pratica del tempo quotidiano. I passaggi delineati analizzano il sentimento di dissonanza cognitiva da parte dei cittadini rispetto alle garanzie statali nel contesto della “scommessa” vittoriosa delle politiche vaccinali cubane.
Resistere al lavoro o alla propria esclusione? Un’analisi dei rapporti tra devianza, mascolinità e accesso alla formazione professionale nella Grande-Terre orientale (Kanaky-Nuova Caledonia)
Authors: Miceli Martino
Published: June 2024

In Kanaky-Nuova Caledonia, molti giovani sotto i trent’anni si rivolgono ai poli di formazione professionale per ottenere patenti e certificazioni spendibili su un mercato del lavoro dominato dalle industrie minerarie. Una parte di questo pubblico proviene da un passato giudiziario complicato, segnato da plurime condanne d'incarcerazione. Attraverso un processo di differenziazione interno alle bande di giovani criminalizzati si creano le condizioni dell’inserimento dei loro membri nel mercato del lavoro. Questo riposizionamento avviene dopo una lunga resistenza all’istituzione scolastica e all’imperativo della formazione che si trasforma col tempo in una lotta per una migliore posizione nel settore estrattivo. Questo articolo mira a riarticolare il nesso tra resistenza e riproduzione proposto da Paul Willis nel 1977 al fine di riflettere sui rapporti tra delinquenza, mascolinità, etnicità, istruzione e lavoro negli spazi (post)coloniali, oggi al centro del rifornimento di materie prime per la transizione energetica mondiale.
Valutare, progettare, implementare. I percorsi punitivo-rieducativi del sistema penale minorile tra giustizia riparativa e terzo settore
Authors: Ricciardi Fabio
Published: June 2024

Questo contributo nasce dall’esperienza di ricerca sul campo nell’ambito della giustizia penale minorile. In un contesto dove alle diverse istituzioni si affiancano soggetti di natura privata (enti del terzo settore) e professionisti della rieducazione (assistenti sociali, mediatori, educatori, psicologi) il risultato del percorso di espiazione e rieducazione individuato è frutto della mediazione tra i vari attori e i saperi da essi introdotti. Da ciò il proliferare di strumenti rieducativi che ricadono nell’ambito di applicazione del diritto penale (permanenza in comunità, messa alla prova, affidamento in prova al servizio sociale, mediazione penale). Tali strumenti, pensati con la finalità di coniugare l’aspetto punitivo con quello del ravvedimento soggettivo, cercano di fare leva sull’implementazione delle competenze personali, rimanendo in bilico tra l’esigenza di garantire l’espiazione della pena e quella di produrre nuove soggettività in grado di affrancarsi da condizioni di marginalità sociale purché vengano acquisite caratteristiche idonee all’inclusione nel sistema produttivo. Il contributo vuole tentare di introdurre possibili chiavi di lettura o future piste di ricerca a proposito dei percorsi di espiazione penale imposti dall’Autorità Giudiziaria ai minori autori di reato osservati attraverso la lente dell’etnografia.
ASTRONOMIA E LITERATURA: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: Muniz de Oliveira Camila , Edson Ribeiro de Britto de Almeida Junior  , Michel Corci Batista
Published: June 2024

Partindo do pressuposto que a união da literatura com o ensino de Astronomia, pode resultar benefícios ´para o ensino dessa área do conhecimento, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo ampliar a compreensão sobre os trabalhos que tratam do uso da Literatura para o ensino de Astronomia a nível de pós-graduação. Para isso, realizamos um levantamento bibliográfico no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES, na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) e no Banco de Teses e Dissertações sobre Educação em Astronomia (BTDEA). O recorte temporal foi o período de 2011 a 2019 e utilizamos o termo de busca “Astronomia” e “Literatura”. O material foi analisado de acordo com a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (1977). Nossas analises evidenciam que, apesar dos resultados positivos da literatura para o ensino de Astronomia, o pequeno número de pesquisas apresenta indícios que essa abordagem ainda é tímida na área de Educação em Astronomia. As aplicações no âmbito escolar possuem maior presença nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental e nenhuma pesquisa discutiu o uso de obras literárias como ferramentas de suporte docente, tais resultados indicam caminhos e possibilidades para futuras pesquisas.
Decent Work-Life-Flow and its Assessment
Authors: Czakert Jan Philipp , Scheibein Florian , Wells John , Pais Leonor , Rebelo dos Santos Nuno , Berger Rita
Published: June 2024

This paper presents the underlying theoretical framework, cross-cultural and interdisciplinary research activities, as well as preliminary findings on influencing factors for a healthy and sustainable Work-Life-Flow (WLF) in diverse countries. The research is conducted within the scope of the cross-cultural Erasmus+-project, "Excellence based profiling to identify and apply tools and training for a better and sustainable Work-Life-Flow" (2020-1-ES01-KA203-083282). Within this framework, we promote the re-conceptualization of the concept of work-life balance towards a more dynamic and inclusive resource-demands based concept of WLF. The project develops assessment and training tools to foster WLF for individual and organizations alike. To justify this two-fold assessment and training approach, we link WLF to the established occupational psychology concepts of personal agency and Decent Work. We hypothesize that resources and demands can be assessed at both the individual and organizational level, and that resources relate positively and demands negatively to individual and organizational health indicators. Comparing correlational, cross-sectional evidence of our first samples from Spain (N = 1313) and Portugal (N = 494), we confirm our hypotheses. We discuss practical implications for the WLF-project including interdisciplinary assessment alignments with established quality management tools, such as EFQM. As our survey research is currently ongoing, we provide survey invitation links for workers from Germany, Ireland, and Kosovo.
Perceptions and Attitudes Pertaining to the Uptake of Paternity Leave in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Lojzer Teresa , Fantham Greg , Agnew Cakil
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates how management attitudes within companies influence the uptake of Paternity Leave (PL) and the request for flexible working arrangements among men, contributing to family care. It explores the flexibility stigma and gender stereotypes that act as barriers to men taking PL, referencing global examples to underscore the relevance of incentivized leaves and supportive leadership. The study focuses on balancing work-life responsibilities and challenges the notion that effective fatherhood equates to financial provision alone. It also examines the phenomenon of pluralistic ignorance, where men's perceptions of colleagues' attitudes impact their decisions about PL.
Can we talk about a ‘Made in Latin America and the Caribbean’ evaluation? Some food for thought
Authors: Ghiano María C.
Published: June 2024

Background: This article affirms and confirms the existence of evaluation epistemologies and methods that are unique to Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).Objectives: Inspired by the Dr Sulley Gariba Memorial Lecture series, ‘Made in Africa Evaluation’, which has been hosted in various continents, Latin America has delved into the matter, setting out to explore the differences and similarities between us and our sister continent, Africa, and comparing our practice and worldviews with those of others in the Global South.Method: The preliminary results of that research were used to spark debate and collective reflection at the 2022 LAC Evaluation Conference in Quito, Ecuador.Results: The aim of this article is to share some key elements of evaluation from a decolonisation perspective that explains and denounces inequities while enabling us to imagine fairer democratic systems in LAC.Conclusion: ReLAC – our own regional evaluation network – is proud to have spent the last 20 years strengthening the monitoring evaluation (ME) profession and sharing the distinctive ways that our evaluation communities experience, perceive and understand knowledge in highly diverse cultural, political, social and economic territories throughout the region.Contribution: We show that evaluation theory and practice must begin with a study of the past, our ancestral and local cultures in order to learn from them and construct our present accordingly. We urge to face the challenge of working with respect, otherness and the dignity of communities, their peoples and territories as we build horizons of meaning for our evaluative practices.
Why do Chinese multinationals in South Africa get benefits from digital business strategy?
Authors: Rong Kuizhen , Liu Ruhong
Published: June 2024

Background: Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs) are obsessed with implementing digital business strategy in global competition, but there is limited knowledge about how and when the MNEs can achieve performance.Aim: This study aims to clarify the influence of digital business strategy on MNEs’ performance in South Africa, and whether this impact is mediated by exploratory and exploitative learning and moderated by organisational memory level and dispersion.Setting: Senior executives from the MNEs participated in the year-long survey. Before the survey, the participants were communicated and agreed, and the survey was completed by email.Method: Two-stage data from 314 MNEs in South Africa were obtained. Hierarchical regression analysis and Hayes Process Macros were used.Results: The results show that digital business strategy positively influenced performance, and the relationship was mediated by exploratory and exploitative learning. Organisational memory level and dispersion had an inverted U-shaped moderating effect on the relationship between digital business strategy and exploratory and exploitative learning.Conclusion: This study provides the first insight into the relationship between digital business strategy and MNEs’ performance in South Africa. It reveals the mediating mechanism and boundary conditions of this relationship, making an important contribution to the literature concerning digital business strategy.Contribution: This study encourages MNEs in South Africa to implement digital business strategies according to local conditions. What’s more, exploratory and exploitative learning is a strategic process that cannot be ignored, and moderate organisational memory can help these MNEs benefit from digital business strategy better.
External Oblique Intercostal Plane Block for Open Cholecystectomy - A Novel Technique
Authors: Christopher Somita , Sahithi Raganaboina , Gopal T. V. S. , Rajesh K. C.
Published: June 2024

The conversion of laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy with a large oblique subcostal incision may be associated with severe pain, leading to basilar atelectasis, delayed post-operative recovery and respiratory failure. Various techniques like thoracic epidural block, paravertebral blocks, erector spine block, transverse abdominis plane blocks and anterior quadratus lumboram plane block can be practised to alleviate the pain. In this particular case, we describe an External Oblique Intercostal Block which was given for postoperative analgesia after open cholecystectomy.
Anesthetic Management of a Child with a Bizarre Foreign-body Impaction in the Oral Cavity
Authors: Chugh Amitesh Mohan , Kumari Heena , Saroa Richa , Palta Sanjeev , Yogendra Sakshee
Published: June 2024

Pediatric airway management can be a challenging task for any anaesthesiologist. A foreign body compromising the airway only adds to the difficulties. Airway management requires skill, expertise and a dynamic approach to ensure patient safety and facilitate a smooth surgical intervention. We present the case of a boy who presented with an unusal foreign body in his airway and the novel techniques applied for airway management.
Midpoint Transverse Process to Pleura Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Pilot Study and Review of Literature
Authors: Agarwal Jyotsna , Khanuja Samiksha , Panjiar Pratibha , Gupta Mahima , Thukral Vanshika , Prasad Divya
Published: June 2024

Background:

Midpoint transverse process to pleura block (MTPB) provides a close anatomical alternative to paravertebral block (PVB). The extent of the drug spread in MTPB and analgesic equivalence of MTPB with PVB and other “paravertebral by proxy” blocks are still under study.

Methodology:

Ten patients posted for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were administered general anesthesia, followed by bilateral ultrasound-guided MTPBs. A total of 20 mL of the drug mixed with iohexol dye solution was injected in each block. Postoperative pain scores were assessed. The spread of drug dye solution under ultrasound and fluoroscopy was studied.

Results:

Eighty percent of patients had NRS < 3 in the postanesthesia care unit. “Pain score” at 24 h was 2 for three patients and 1 for all other patients. The dye spread under fluoroscopy was observed to extend up to 5–7 levels of cephalad and 5–6 levels of caudad from the point of injection. Sonographic drug spread in the paravertebral space was visualized in 13 out of 20 (65%) blocks.

Conclusion:

With the results of our study and review of literature, it reflects that MTPB is an effective analgesic adjunct in thoracic surgeries and appears promising in abdominal surgeries as well. In laparoscopic cholecystectomies, its potential role in reducing shoulder pain should be explored further. Currently, it is not possible to recommend MTPB over PVB or erector spinae plane block (ESPB). Yet, it is to acknowledge the presence of the “midpoint transverse process to pleura” area as a definite injection target, which may confer some advantages over PVB and ESPB.
Perioperative Venous Air Embolism during Transurethral Resection of Prostate
Authors: Jindal Ravi , Jhingan Sumeet Kumar , Singh Guneet
Published: June 2024

Understanding various complications associated with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is extremely important. There have been rare reports of venous air embolism during TURP. We present a report of one such case in an 87-year-old male who suffered venous air embolism due to Ellik evacuator. TURP is the standard treatment for benign prostatic hypertrophy and is among the most common procedures in the geriatric male population. Venous air embolism during TURP is extremely uncommon, and there are very few case reports of the same.
E3 Ubiquitin Ligases and Their Therapeutic Applications in Cancers: Narrative Review
Authors: Jamal Azfar
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

E3 ubiquitin ligases are a class of enzymes, essential for maintaining the equilibrium of cells by binding ubiquitin molecules to substrates to mark them for destruction. Since many cancer-related proteins, including both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive ones, are controlled by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, E3 ligases have drawn a great deal of interest as potential targets for the creation of anti-cancer drugs. This is because E3 ligases function as modules that select the substrates that are intended for degradation, giving them the ability to particularly affect proteins that are connected to cancer. Their molecular properties and the ways in which they work serve as the basis for these distinctions. Investment in the creation of bioactive substances that can target E3 ligases is essential given the crucial roles they play in cancer. These substances have the potential to be powerful cancer-fighting tools. In this review, we explore the crucial roles that E3 ligases play in the biology of cancer. We also examine the current bioactive substances that have been created to target different E3 ligases, emphasizing their potential as candidates for treating the cancers.
Diabetes and Anaemia: A Myth or Reality
Authors: Narang Deepak , Singh Tejveer , Sinha Rakhee , Goswami Poulami , Kumar Shikhar , Sahoo Nivedita , Surana Pratik
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Chronic diabetes develops when the pancreas does not release enough insulin or the body cannot use it. Anemia is a disorder characterized by reduced hemoglobin or red blood cells. The body needs hemoglobin to transport oxygen. Diabetics with anemia may have micro and macro vascular problems, lowering quality of life and increasing medical costs.

Aim and Objectives:

To examine the prevalence of anemia among type 2 diabetics, its predictive value, and the connection between anemia and type 2 diabetes.

Methodology:

A prospective study was conducted on 2000 people with and without type 2 diabetes at the medical and diabetology wards of Punjab’s Desh Bhagat University and hospital for medicine and health sciences from June 2022 to June 2023.

Results:

A statistical significance threshold of 0.005 determined that the mean hemoglobin value was 8.44 in oral hypoglycemics, 7.93 in insulin, and 4.45 in combined insulin and oral hypoglycaemics.

Conclusion:

Diabetics with type 2 diabetes mellitus and anemia were more likely to have CAD, making anemia a chronic condition that negatively impacts quality of life and accelerates disease consequences.
Comparative Analysis of Surgical Approaches in the Treatment of Proximal Humerus Fractures: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sivaram J , Asati Shubham , Bothra Himanshu , Pagare Gaurav S. , Panja Supantha , Tirunamalli Reshma , Kalsi Jasmine
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

“Proximal humerus fractures [PHFs]” are common orthopedic injuries, often requiring surgical intervention for optimal outcomes. However, the choice of surgical approach remains controversial, with varying outcomes reported in the literature.

Methods:

A retrospective research was overseen among subjects who had surgery for PHFs. Three surgical approaches were compared: “Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF)”, “Hemiarthroplasty [HA]”, and “Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty [RSA]”. Demographic data, fracture characteristics, surgical details, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.

Results:

ORIF confirmed smaller operative time and shorter complication levels compared to HA and RSA. Complications included surgical site infection, implant-related issues, and reoperation. Age, fracture type, and surgeon experience influenced the choice of surgical approach.

Conclusion:

This research provides valuable insights into the outcomes of different surgical approaches for PHFs. ORIF may offer advantages in select cases, but individualized treatment decisions are necessary. Further research is warranted to refine treatment algorithms and optimize patient outcomes.
Whether Present Era Demand Change in Pharmaceutical Promotional Ways to be More Eco- and Doctor-Friendly? An Observational Study
Authors: Chaudhury Spandana , B. Kuldeep G. , V. Swati P. , Lekshmi R. S. , Manohar Balaji , Mahajan Akriti , Duseja Shilpa , Tiwari Rahul
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

Pharmaceutical promotion is the principal aspect of the healthcare system. In this study, we aimed to portray the opinion of doctors and medical representatives (MRs) on conventional pharmaceutical ways (usage of promotional or educational paper materials and physician drug samples) for pharmaceutical promotion.

Materials and Methods:

In this cross-sectional observational study, data were collected from doctors and MRs across India using self-administered Google forms. Data were analyzed, and results were drawn.

Results:

A total of 314 doctors and 272 MRs participated in the study. As per 95.5% of doctors, continuing medical education (CME)/books/online information is the most common and convenient method to update medical knowledge, whereas 67.9% of MRs also think the same. Only 5.5% of doctors prefer paper material provided by pharmaceutical companies to update their knowledge. Most doctors say paper materials provided by pharmaceutical companies contribute less than 25% to product information, rather CME, books, and online information contribute significantly. MRs also think similarly. 66.2% of MRs agree that more than 25% of paper material gets wasted due to non-distribution. 73.2% of doctors and 75.4% of MRs agree that the use of paper materials for product promotion is not cost-effective, even if it contributes to deforestation. Only 51% of doctors use more than 50% of medical samples in patient care and only half of doctors and MRs think expired medical samples are disposed of correctly. 56.1% of doctors and 71.4% of MRs think a significant amount of medical samples are wasted and are hazardous to the environment.

Conclusions:

Both doctors and MRs are of the opinion that the conventional method of paper promotion, that is, paper material and drug samples, is not cost-effective and also not eco-friendly. Hence, need to rethink – is there a need to change with time?
In vitro Assessment of the Antimicrobial Properties of Orthodontic Bonding Materials
Authors: Alam Mohammad K. , Hajeer Mohammad Y. , Alfuhigi Mashael Z. , Eldosary Faisal A. , Alsenani Faisal N. , Alsayil Lama N.
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Orthodontic bonding materials are extensively used in dentistry, but their antimicrobial properties are of growing concern due to the risk of biofilm formation and associated complications. Understanding the antimicrobial efficacy of these materials is crucial for maintaining oral health during orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods:

In this in vitro study, we evaluated the antimicrobial properties of various orthodontic bonding materials against common oral pathogens. Samples of bonding materials were prepared and exposed to microbial strains including Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using agar diffusion assays and microbial viability assays.

Results:

The tested orthodontic bonding materials exhibited varying degrees of antimicrobial activity. Material A showed a zone of inhibition of 12 mm against S. mutans, 8 mm against P. gingivalis, and 6 mm against C. albicans. Material B exhibited slightly higher antimicrobial activity with inhibition zones of 14 mm, 10 mm, and 8 mm against S. mutans, P. gingivalis, and C. albicans, respectively. Material C displayed the highest antimicrobial activity, with inhibition zones of 16 mm against S. mutans, 12 mm against P. gingivalis, and 10 mm against C. albicans. Microbial viability assays confirmed the efficacy of these materials in reducing microbial growth.

Conclusion:

Our findings demonstrate that orthodontic bonding materials possess varying degrees of antimicrobial properties. Material C exhibited the highest efficacy against the tested microbial strains. Incorporating antimicrobial agents into orthodontic bonding materials may contribute to the prevention of oral infections during orthodontic treatment.
In-Vitro Study of Osseointegration: Evaluating the Influence of Surface Modifications on Dental Implant Stability
Authors: Sghaireen Mohammed G. , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Mohamedeissa Ahmed Azhari Salih , Kazma Jad Moriss
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Osseointegration is critical for the success of dental implants. Surface modifications of dental implants play a crucial role in enhancing osseointegration and implant stability. This in-vitro study aims to evaluate the influence of various surface modifications on dental implant stability.

Materials and Methods:

Dental implants with different surface modifications were prepared and subjected to in-vitro testing. Surface modifications included sandblasting, acid etching, and plasma spraying. Implant stability was assessed using resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and pull-out tests. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the stability of implants with different surface modifications.

Results:

The results showed that implants with sandblasted and acid-etched surfaces exhibited significantly higher stability compared with those with only a machined surface. The mean RFA values for sandblasted and acid-etched implants were 75 ± 5 and 80 ± 6, respectively, whereas machined implants recorded a mean RFA value of 60 ± 4. Similarly, pull-out tests demonstrated higher maximum tensile strengths for sandblasted and acid-etched implants compared with machined implants.

Conclusion:

Surface modifications, such as sandblasting and acid etching, significantly enhance dental implant stability in vitro. These modifications promote better osseointegration, which is crucial for the long-term success of dental implants in clinical practice.
Evaluation of the Marginal Fit of Virgilite Based Lithium Disilicate Ceramic Crowns: An In-Vitro Comparative Study
Authors: Sultan Sherif El Sayed , Alsabilah Khaled Ahmad Saud , Alharbi Bader Mahali , Alnaser Addulrhman Fahad
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Achieving optimal marginal fit is essential for the success of Virgilite Based Lithium Disilicate Ceramic crowns.

Materials and Methods:

In this in-vitro study, we compared the marginal fit of Virgilite Based Lithium Disilicate Ceramic crowns using two different CAD/CAM scanners, powder free (System A, Omnicam) and powder based (System B, Blue cam).

Results:

The mean marginal gap for System A was found to be 63.5 μm (standard deviation ± 10.2 μm), while for System B, it was 57.8 μm (standard deviation ± 9.8 μm). System B demonstrated a slightly superior marginal fit compared to System A, with a difference of 5.7 μm.

Conclusion:

Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that both Omnicam and Blue cam produced clinically acceptable marginal fit of Virgilite Based Lithium Disilicate Ceramic crowns. However, Blue cam exhibited a slightly better marginal fit compared to Omnicam. Further clinical studies are warranted to validate these findings.
Задача Стечкина о приближении оператора дифференцирования в равномерной норме на полупрямой
Authors: Akopyan Roman Razmikovich , Arestov Vitalii Vladimirovich , Timofeev Vladimir Grigor'evich
Published: June 2024

Исследуется задача Стечкина о наилучшем приближении операторов дифференцирования линейными ограниченными операторами на полупрямой относительно равномерной нормы.
Изучена структура оператора наилучшего приближения,
связь оператора наилучшего приближения со сплайном, двойственным (по Н. П. Купцову)
экстремальному сплайну в неравенстве Ландау-Колмогорова на полуоси.
Библиография: 25 названий.
Синхронизация в кольце осцилляторов
с запаздывающей обратной связью
Authors: Kashchenko Aleksandra Andreevna
Published: June 2024

Рассматривается кольцо связанных осцилляторов
с запаздывающей обратной связью с различными видами связи
между осцилляторами. Для каждого вида связи построена
асимптотика решений модели по большому параметру
для широкого множества начальных условий. Показано,
что изучение поведения решений исходных бесконечномерных моделей
может быть сведено к изучению динамики
построенных конечномерных отображений. Сделаны качественные выводы
о динамике исходных систем. Показано, что поведение решений
существенно меняется при изменении вида связи. Найдены условия
на параметры системы, при которых наблюдаются синхронизация,
двухкластерная синхронизация и возможны более сложные режимы.
Библиография: 23 названия.
Harmonizing Safety Regulations and Perception: A Simulation Methodology for AVAS System Design
Authors: Calloni Massimiliano , Hadjit Rabah , Salvekar Pinak , Musser Chad
Published: June 2024

The development of an effective Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System (AVAS) is not solely about adhering to safety regulations; it also involves crafting an auditory experience that aligns with the expectations of vulnerable road users. To achieve this, a deep understanding of the acoustic transfer function is essential, as it defines the relationship between the sound emitter (the speaker inside the vehicle) and the receiver (the vulnerable road user). Maintaining the constancy of this acoustic transfer function is paramount, as it ensures that the sound emitted by the vehicle aligns with the intended safety cues and brand identity that is defined by the car manufacturer. In this research paper, three distinct methodologies for calculating the acoustic transfer function are presented: the classical Boundary Element method, the H-Matrix BEM accelerated method, and the Ray Tracing method. Furthermore, the paper encompasses an assessment of the correlation between these methods and their impact on the overall simulation time when balanced against accuracy. The study not only focuses on the accuracy of these methodologies but also assesses their computational efficiency, a crucial aspect in real-world AVAS implementation. Additionally, the paper provides an illustrative example of a binaural listening experience at various certification positions within a simulated environment.
A Critical Review of Some Panel Contribution Analysis Methods Used in Interior Vehicle Acoustics
Authors: Di Marco Federico , Lafont Thibault , Bertolini Claudio , Gerges Youssef
Published: June 2024

In the acoustic study of the interior noise of a vehicle, whether for structure-borne or air-borne excitations, knowing which areas contribute the most to interior noise and therefore should be treated as a priority, is the main goal of the engineer in charge of the NVH. Very often these areas are numerous, located in different regions of the vehicle and contribute at different frequencies to the overall sound pressure level. This has led to the development of several “Panel Contribution Analysis” (PCA) experimental techniques. For example, a well-known technique is the masking technique, which consists of applying a “maximum package” (i.e., a package with very high sound insulation) to the panels outside of the area whose contribution must be measured. This technique is pragmatic but rather cumbersome to implement. In addition, it significantly modifies the dynamics and internal acoustics of the vehicle. In another well-known technique, the contribution of a certain area is defined based on the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz equation and evaluated by first measuring operational acoustic pressures and velocities (by means of PU-probes) and then measuring acoustic transfer functions, always keeping the vehicle in its serial conditions (i.e., without the need of any masking). The aim of this paper is to review, with the support of some numerical experiments, such methods used for panel contribution analysis, investigating in particular the assumptions and basic principles underlying their applicability. It is shown that, depending on the method, different interpretations and rankings can be obtained.
HVAC Blower: A Steady State RANS Noise Prediction Method
Authors: Pietroniro Asuka Gabriele , Kabral Raimo , Huang Zhongjie , Backman Joakim , Knutsson Magnus , Abom Mats
Published: June 2024

In an ever-transforming sector such as that of private road transport, major changes in the propulsion systems entail a change in the perception of the noise sources and the annoyance they cause. As compared to the scenario encountered in vehicles equipped with an internal combustion engine (ICE), in electrically propelled vehicles the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system represents a more prominent source of noise affecting a car’s passenger cabin.

By virtue of the quick turnaround, steady state Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS)- based noise source models are a handy tool to predict the acoustic power generated by passenger car HVAC blowers. The study shows that the most eminent noise source type is the dipole source associated with fluctuating pressures on solid surfaces. A noise map is generated from the noise source models data, giving indications of how changes in operating conditions affect the acoustic output of the machine throughout its operating range. The capability to predict power spectra with steady state RANS is investigated, and the overall sound power level of several operating points is validated against experimental data, showing good match.

The study aims at establishing steady state RANS noise source models as a valuable tool in preliminary acoustic analyses of HVAC blower designs, in particular in the early stage of new design studies, thus helping the industry to better target quieter operation and enhanced passenger comfort.
Study on the Sound Design of a Sporty Vehicle
Authors: Celiberti Lucia , Borgarello Laura , Falasca Vanni , Lolli Francesco , Meriga Alessandra , Miglietta Piercarlo , Soldati Mirella
Published: June 2024

From a Noise Vibration Harshness (NVH) perspective, electric vehicles represent a great opportunity since the noise of the combustion engine, dominant in many driving conditions, is no longer present. On the other hand, drivers accustomed to driving cars with a strong personality (for example typically sporty ones) may perceive "silence" as a lack of character. Our internal study, conducted with a jury of people, has in fact already shown that for half of customers silence should characterize (Battery Electric Vehicle - BEV) vehicle; but, at the same time, the other half of the jury expects feedback from the vehicle while driving. The silence inside the passenger compartment, from an NVH point of view, can therefore be compared to a blank sheet of paper, on which, if desired, sounds designed to satisfy the driving pleasure expected by the customer can be introduced.

Starting from this scenario, the paper describes:

the approach adopted to define how many and what are the levers to design a good sound for our customers driving a sporty vehicle

the engineering guidelines to achieve the desired sound

The process followed is a structured flow based on:

several focus groups, with experts from different company departments, to define the main dimensions of the sound that can characterize a BEV sporty vehicle for our customers

subjective evaluations, expressed according to aspects coming from the focus groups, based on acoustic traces recorded on different BEV vehicles with sound enhancement

analysis of objective data and comparison with the main results of the analysis of subjective data

As a conclusion and main result, engineering guidelines and directions will be presented to create a good sound for a BEV sport vehicle.
Fuel Cell Fault Simulation and Detection for on Board Diagnostics Using Real-Time Digital Twins
Authors: Pandit Harshad Rajendra , Dimitrakopoulos Pantelis , Shenoy Manish , Altenhofen Christian
Published: June 2024

The modern automotive industry is facing challenges of ever-increasing complexity in the electrified powertrain era. On-board diagnostic (OBD) systems must be thoroughly calibrated and validated through many iterations to function effectively and meet the regulation standards. Their development and design process are more complex when prototype hardware is not available and therefore virtual testing is a prominent solution, including Model-in-the-loop (MIL), Software-in-the-loop (SIL) and Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations. Virtual prototype testing relying on real-time simulation models is necessary to design and test new era’s OBD systems quickly and in scale. The new fuel cell powertrain involves new and previously unexplored fail modes. To make the system robust, simulations are required to be carried out to identify different fails. Thus, it is imminent to build simulation models which can reliably reproduce failures of components like the compressor, recirculation pump, humidifier, or cooling systems. This paper shows the development of high-fidelity fuel cell model which is used as digital twin to reproduce relevant failure modes. As the OBD regulations become more stringent and advanced, it is difficult to keep pace with it and perform comprehensive testing in real world environment. In such scenarios, MIL, SIL and HIL testing becomes more prevalent. MIL and SIL testing provide a quick way for controls engineers to develop new strategies at system level to adhere to new OBD regulations. On the other hand, simulating high fidelity physics based Real Time plant model on HIL systems, allows the engineers to perform fault insertions tests on the software and leave the lab environment with a certain degree of guarantee that the software would fare well in real world conditions. The model used can reproduce failure modes consistently while staying in real time which in turn can be detected by controls and can take action promptly. The viability of this approach is demonstrated by showing MIL and HIL test results.
Comparison of Performance and Efficiency of Different Refrigerants at High Load Conditions and their Impact on CO2eq Emissions
Authors: Macrì Christian , De León Álvaro , Flohr Felix
Published: June 2024

For battery-electric vehicles (BEVs), the climate control and the driving range are crucial criteria in the ongoing electrification of automobiles in Europe towards the targeted carbon neutrality of the automotive industry. The thermal management system makes an important contribution to the energy efficiency and the cabin comfort of the vehicle. In addition to the system architecture, the refrigerant is crucial to achieve high cooling and heating performance while maintaining high efficiency and thus low energy consumption. Due to the high efficiency requirements for the vehicle, future system architectures will largely be heat pump systems.

The alternative refrigerant R-474A based on the molecule R-1132(E) achieved top performance for both parameters in various system and vehicle tests. An own-built energy efficiency tool was used to determine the possible energy reduction of R-474A in comparison to refrigerant alternatives that can be translated in a CO2 reduction of the thermal management as part of the overall vehicle CO2 footprint reduction.

The results served as the basis for an efficiency study comparing the refrigerant R-474A against systems with pure R-1234yf and R-744 in a BEV in both cooling mode (AC mode) and heating mode (HP mode). The analysis was carried out with a focus on the performance and efficiency of thermal management under different climatic conditions and considering different driving cycles. The results of the most recent investigations and the study will be presented in this paper.
Rotation for a Better Tomorrow - SKF’s Journey towards Decarbonization
Authors: Sguotti Laura , Leprotti Arturo , Ferrero Alessandro , D'Aleo Michele , Berglund Mats
Published: June 2024

Let’s start with the uncomfortable truth, climate change is happening, and the automotive industrial network is one of the main industries contributing to greenhouse gas emissions.

SKF is an energy intensive business – directly using energy, mainly in the form of electricity and gas, in its operations around the world. In addition, SKF utilizes materials, predominantly steel, and services which can be energy and carbon intensive – such as transports and raw material in production and processing. The combined impact of these direct and indirect energy uses (scope 1, 2 and 3 upstream) generates an excess of over two million metric tons of CO2e per year. This figure would however be significantly higher were it not for the actions SKF has taken to reduce both energy and carbon intensity. In 2000, we were one of the first companies to start to report and set climate targets. Acting on energy and material efficiency improvements and by switching to renewable energy, SKF is targeting decarbonizing its operations by 2030 and reaching net zero emissions throughout the value chain, by 2050. Those targets are SBTi approved.

To drive the decarbonization journey, we have to quantify how much emissions are embedded in our products in order to drive actions and compare alternatives to reduce them. SKF has in portfolio different tools that have been developed to calculate the footprint of our products. These tools permit to compare different scenario and drive our customers towards more sustainable solutions. SKF is able to run emission analysis at different level, from simple methods, based on publicly available data, to more complex calculation that are using mainly primary data.

In the transportation segment, the impact on emissions during use phase is and remains a major area of focus. The market is progressively moving toward zero tailpipe emissions vehicles, and our products play a key role in increasing vehicle autonomy through ultra low friction features.
Development of a Solar-Powered Barley Sprouting Room
Authors: Shawky El-sayed Ahmed , Saad Abdelgawad , Ali Ibrahim Al-rajhi Mohamed , Megahed Maisa
Published: June 2024

The study aims to develop a sprouting room for barley powered by solar energy instead of traditional alternating-current rooms to suit remote areas. The cooling, lighting, and irrigation systems were developed and replaced with another that operates on 12 V DC. An air cooling device based on the Peltier module has been developed as an alternative to air conditioning devices. Four cooling units of the air cooler were tested with three lighting durations of 6, 9, and 12 h and three irrigation rates of 1.7, 1.85, and 2 m3 ton-1. The measurements included evaluating the performance of the developed air cooler device. The vegetative and quality characteristics and a chemical analysis of sprouted barley for the solar-powered room compared to the room before the modification were estimated. The solar room's productivity and electrical energy consumption rates were estimated, and an economic evaluation of the development was conducted. The maximum electrical power consumption for the solar-powered sprouting room was 63.275 kWh ton-1, compared with 117.19 kWh ton-1 for the alternating current-managed room before modification. The interaction between the utilized developing DC air cooling, lighting, and irrigation achieved standard rates for the produced barley vegetative and quality characteristics. The maximal productivity from sprouted barley was 1.22 tons, per 7 days with an increment ratio over control of 31.97%. The net earnings for the developed sprouting room were maximized relative to the significant decrease in electrical production costs. The developed room fits the livestock sector by providing good economic alternative fodder sources.
MANAGEMENT OF BELL’S PALSY - A CASE REPORT
Authors: M S Aneesh , Y R Blessy
Published: June 2024

Bell’s palsy is a disease affecting one side of the facial muscles abruptly due to compression or inflammation of
the facial nerve. This case study explores the clinical presentation and Ayurvedic management of a 52-year-old
female patient presenting with symptoms consistent with Bell's palsy, termed as Sopha/Kapha Anubanda Arddita
in Ayurveda. The patient exhibited sudden onset facial deviation, speech difficulty, and other associated symptoms. The diagnosis was primarily clinical, supported by classical symptoms of Ardita and Bell's palsy. Treatment
involved a combination of Kaphahara/Sophahara medications followed by Vatahara medicines, alongside specific therapeutic procedures tailored to address the underlying doshic imbalances. Critical interventions included the
administration of Amrutotharam Kashayam, topical applications of Lepana, and Nasya with Ksheerabala Taila
101 Avartti, among others. The patient showed significant improvement in symptoms and motor functions over a
14-day inpatient treatment period, demonstrating the efficacy of Ayurvedic interventions in managing acute onset
LMN Facial palsy. This case underscores the importance of individualised treatment approaches and the potential
of Ayurveda in addressing complex neurological conditions.