bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and outcome of an online streamed yoga intervention on stress and wellbeing of people working from home during COVID-19
Authors: Wadhen Vipin , Cartwright Tina
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: The outbreak of COVID-19 and its associated measures has resulted in a sizeable working population transitioning to working from home (WFH), bringing additional challenges, and increasing work-related stress. Research has indicated that yoga has promising potential in reducing stress in the workplace. However, there are very few studies exploring the impact of online streamed yoga on stress management for people-WFH. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and outcome of an online streamed yoga intervention on stress and wellbeing of people-WFH during COVID-19. METHODS: A six-week pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) yoga intervention was designed with yoga (n = 26) and a wait-list control group (n = 26). A mixed two-way ANOVA was used to assess changes in standardised outcome measures at baseline and post-intervention. Likert and open-ended questions assessed enjoyment, acceptability and perceived benefits of the program, which were analysed thematically. RESULTS: Compared with the control, the yoga group reported significant improvements in perceived stress, mental wellbeing, depression and coping self-efficacy, but not stress and anxiety. Participants experienced physical and mental health benefits and reported high acceptability and enjoyment of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: An online yoga intervention can help people WFH manage stress and enhance wellbeing and coping abilities.
Effect of cognitive behaviour therapy on the improvement of psychological stress
Authors: Yu Dongchao
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: College freshmen, as a special group who are far away from their parents and begin to study and live independently, will face psychological stress in adaption to the college life, which may affect their working and living conditions in the university and even after entering the society if not solved reasonably. Hence, it is necessary to explore how to relieve the psychological stress of freshmen. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to analyze the intervention effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on social psychological stress of freshmen under different demographic variables. METHODS: 108 freshmen of Northeast Agricultural University were divided into the experimental group and control group. The correlation between psychological stress and impulse, self-esteem, and loneliness was analyzed using structural equation model and multiple regression. The experimental group received group training for one month, while the control group did not accept any intervention. The Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE) Scale, Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS), and Interpersonal Efficacy Scale (IES) were used to score students before and after activities and three months after activities. The relevant information was collected for students’ self-evaluation and the evaluation results from group teachers. RESULTS: The subjects’ social psychological stress was positively correlated with loneliness and unplanned impulse, and negatively correlated with self-esteem (P < 0.001); the IAS and FNE scores of the experimental group after test were greatly lower than those of the control group, while the scores of affinity efficacy, communication efficacy, and emotional control were greatly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05); the tracking IAS and FNE scores of the experimental group were greatly lower than those of the control group, while the scores of affinity efficacy, self-impression efficacy, communication efficacy, and emotional control were greatly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). All students in the experimental group were satisfied with the cognitive behavioral group training. Under the positive guidance of the team teacher, the students’ psychological stress was released. CONCLUSIONS: The cognitive behavior group training based on impulse, self-esteem, and loneliness can effectively improve the affinity efficacy, self-impression efficacy, communication efficacy, and negative evaluation fear of freshmen, which is instrumental in easing the psychological stress of students and can maintain long-term effects.
Intervention effect of cognitive behaviour therapy under suicidology on psychological stress and emotional depression of college students
Authors: Wu Shaofei , Adamsk Krzysztof
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: The suicide of college students had been a social topic attracting people’s attention, and the generation of suicidal ideation was an inevitable link in the psychological process of suicidal behavior. It was the focus of many researches whether the pressure of college students with suicidal ideation can be detected and relieved in time. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to analyze the therapeutic effect of cognitive behaviour therapy on psychological stress, depression, and other negative emotions of college students with suicide ideation. METHODS: 114 people from 1,158 college students with suicide ideation in the Wuhan area were divided into an experimental group and a control group in this study. Students in the experimental group were given with the cognitive behaviour therapy, and students in the control group were not intervened in any way. The suicide ideation scale (despair, optimism, and sleep), psychological stress test rating, and self-reporting inventory (somatization, compulsion, interpersonal relationship, depression, anxiety, hostility, terror, delusion, and psychosis) were used to evaluate the objects in the pre-test stage, intermediate-test stage, and the tracking-test stage. The multivariate logistic regression was adopted to analyze the influencing factors of the suicide ideation of the college student. RESULTS: The suicide ideation of the college student was significantly positively correlated with the psychological stress, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, and psychosis (P > 0.05); the total score of suicide ideation, despair, optimism, and sleep in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05) in the intermediate-test stage and the tracking-test stage (P < 0.05); the psychological stress, depression, and anxiety of the college students in the experimental group in the intermediate-test and tracking-test stage were slighter than those in the control group (P < 0.05); the somatization, compulsion, and interpersonal relationship of students in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The psychological stress, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, and psychosis were all risk factors for the college student to have suicide ideation. Negative emotions such as psychological stress, emotional depression, and anxiety of the college student with suicide ideation could be improved effectively by cognitive behaviour therapy, and the level of suicide ideation could be reduced finally.
Schistosoma haematobium Infection among the Students of Government Day Junior Secondary School Garki, Jigawa-Nigeria
Authors: Abdullahi Jibril , Zahraddeen Shehu
Published: June 2021

Schistosomiasis is among the most prevalent but neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). It is a human disease caused by the parasitic infection of the blood trematode worm belonging to the family Schistosomatidae A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection among the students of the Government Day Junior Secondary School (GDJSS) Garki in Jigawa State for a period of 17 days. A total of 120 students from class 1-3, who randomly participated in the study, were diagnosed for the S. haematobium infection. The intensity of the infection was assessed by counting and recording the number of eggs present in the 10ml urine samples of the positive individuals. The results obtained showed a 25% prevalence of the S. haematobium infection among the students. The students in contact with the water bodies in the community were infected more as compared to the students who did not have any contact with the water bodies (odd ratio = 0.002). The positive predictive value recorded at 93.3% quantified the diagnostic test employed (syringe filtration method) and the negative predictive value of 97.8% showed that the prevalence of S. haematobium infection was marginal among the student population. The gender of the students did not relate significantly (p < 0.05) with the results of the diagnosis, as more male students were infected than female students (odd ratio = 1.455). The students’ age group related significantly (p < 0.05) with the results and the students of the age group 14-15 years were more infected than those of the age group 12-13 years (odd ratio = 0.337). There were many more eggs in the urine samples of the positive students than the Poisson distribution would predict. Therefore, the model assumes that the intensity of S. haematobium infection is very high and thus the students should be treated and prevented from further exposure.
Successful retreatment of HCV relapse patient with 4 weeks long sofsobuvir, ribavirin, and daclatasvir combination: Case Series
Authors: Saleem Komal , Ali Amjad , Rafique Shazia , Rani Noshaba , Wahid Braira
Published: June 2021

Hepatitis-C virus (HCV) is an enveloped RNA virus that currently infects more than 180 million people, worldwide. Interferon therapy was previously used as a standard therapy for HCV. Now it has been replaced with an interferon-free therapy or the direct acting antiviral (DAA) drug therapy. Although the DAA drug therapy is a potent strategy which has an excellent efficacy against the HCV infection with a majority of patients achieving sustained virological response (SVR), we report here three patients who experienced relapse after a 6-month long DAA drug therapy. The patients experienced relapse after receiving sofosbuvir (400mg) and ribavirin for 6 months. All three patients were later successfully treated with sofosbuvir, ribavirin, and daclatasvir combination. The current study highlights that the retreatment combination of sofosbuvir, ribavirin, and daclatasvir is more efficacious in the Pakistani population where practitioners are still using sofosbuvir and ribavirin.
Molecular Characterization of the Begomovirus Associated Satellites Infecting Spinacia Oleracea and Capsicum Annum Plants in Kohat, Pakistan
Authors: Shah Ali , Ayub Ayesha , Shuja Malik Nawaz , Ali Taj , Akbar Fazal
Published: June 2021

Begomovirus is a major and economically important genus of the Geminiviridae family. It comprises a wide range of viruses that infect a number of dicot plants including the horticulture crops, cereal crops, aromatic plants, vegetable crops, medicinal plants and weeds in various regions of the world. This study aims to investigate and correlate the various symptoms of begomovirus / satellites in different plants grown in the vicinity of Kohat, Pakistan. Furthermore, the characterization of the selected virus-associated satellites at the molecular level is also studied. Samples of suspected plants showing begomoviral infection were collected from the Kohat District. Genomic DNA was extracted from the infected plants and subjected to PCR using DNA-1/DNA-2 and Beta01/Beta02 for alpha satellites and beta satellites, respectively. The amplified PCR products were cloned and sequenced commercially. After sequencing, in silico sequence and phylogenetic analysis was also performed. Our study discovered that many plants in the Kohat District display begomovirus and satellite disease symptoms with mild to extreme disease severity. Disease incidence is especially high in okra. Beta satellites were isolated and sequenced from Spinacia oleracea and Capsicum annum plants and they showed more than 90% sequence similarity with chilli leaf curl and tomato leaf curl beta satellites. The existence of betasatellites in spinach and chilli plants was discovered for the first time in the Kohat region. Moreover, the distribution of these highly pathogenic variants of chilli leaf curl and tomato leaf curl betasatellites in the district Kohat has been reported previously.
A Systematic Review of the Outbreak of Elizabethkingia Anophelis
Authors: Rani Noshaba , Wahid Braira
Published: June 2021

The recent outbreak of Elizabethkingia anophelis in the Midwestern states of USA caused a number of deaths. Notably, these deaths occurred due to E. anophelis causing neonatal meningitis, bacteraemia, sepsis, blood stream infections and respiratory infections. These infections may pose serious threats to public health. This systematic review is meant to develop a deeper insight into the current status of E. anophelis related evidence and to highlight areas that need further research. Reviewing the existing literature will help other researchers to identify and address the knowledge gaps. Various free access databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct were employed for literature survey. All articles published since 2011, when the outbreak was reported for the first time, were consulted for this systematic review. Research related to this subject is in its earlier stages and little information is currently available. Future studies must focus on the molecular basis, control, prevention, and therapeutics of E. anophelis to mitigate its increasing risk. This review is meant to provide baseline data for future research. Scientific community must carry out research on the infections caused by E. anophelis mosquito, else it may result in a disastrous outbreak.   Copyright (c)  2021 NoshabaRani, BrairaWahid
Modern surgical methods for the treatment of urolithiasis
Authors:   Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Berezhnoy A.G. , Dunaevskaya S.S. ,   Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

The article presents historical data showing the following: how methods for the treatment of urolithiasis have been developed and improved; how endoscopic equipment has been introduced and modernized; how the prevention of postoperative complications and metaphylaxis of recurrent stone formation have changed recently. Approaches to choosing the surgical treatment method depend on many individual factors (localization, concretion size and density, the presence of complicating disease factors) and are personalized. Attention to this problem is focused because of the large number of patients suffering from urolithiasis (at least 3% of the population). Modern diagnostics and treatment technologies are able to sanitize and get rid of the stone of almost any patient, as the working-age population suffers from it, as a rule — these are highly qualified specialists who are forced to be treated for a long time due to urolithiasis complications or relapse. The general social significance of this disease, which can haunt a person throughout life, determines the need to study the pathogenetic mechanisms of stone formation, methods of metaphylaxis and to reduce the number of invasive methods for removing urinary tract concretions, which have many dangerous complications leading to a decrease in working capacity. KEYWORDS: urolithiasis, kidney, surgical treatment, shock wave lithotripsy, ureterorenoscopy, contact ureterolithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolitholapaxy. FOR CITATION: Berezhnoy A.G., Dunaevskaya S.S. Modern surgical methods for the treatment of urolithiasis. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(3):118–122. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-3-118-122.
Obilježja i dimenzije privlačnosti poslodavaca za
ekonomiste
Authors: Pološki Vokić Nina , Mostarac Vinko
Published: June 2021

Rad empirijski istražuje obilježja i dimenzije koje poslodavce čine poželjnijima za najmlađu generaciju visokoobrazovanih ekonomista u Hrvatskoj, s obzirom na manjak istraživanja u ovom području. Također, istraženo je u kojoj je mjeri smisleno segmentirati signale koje poslodavci odašilju na tržište rada kako bi privukli pripadnike najmlađe generacije visokoobrazovanih ekonomista različitih socio-demografskih obilježja. Anketno istraživanje provedeno na uzorku 407 studenata sveučilišnih diplomskih studija korištenjem „Skale privlačnosti poslodavca“ Berthona, Ewinga i Haha (2005) je ukazalo da ispitanici preferiraju „Razvojnu dimenziju“ privlačnosti poslodavca. Dodatno, na temelju inferencijalne statistike zaključeno je da su dimenzije privlačnosti poslodavaca univerzalne, odnosno da u značajnoj mjeri ne ovise o socio-demografskim obilježjima ispitanika. Proizlazi da poslodavci koji žele privući i/ili zadržati u organizaciji visoko-obrazovane ekonomiste mlađih generacija trebaju istima osiguravati prilike za osobni i profesionalni razvoj, bez obzira kojem segmentu prema svojim osobnim obilježjima oni pripadaju.
Treatment of leachate generated from bioreactor landfills
Authors: Memon Maqsood Ahmed
Published: June 2021

Leachate generated from Municipal landfill sites is usually contaminated with organic compounds as well as inorganic pollutants. Leachate needs treatment before being entered to any receiving water body. It is desirable that the leachate should be treated on-site efficiently and cost effectively, particularly for small and remote landfills. The existing processes used for the treatment of leachate often exhibit problems related to treatment time, size, and cost. This study focuses on the development of a low cost treatment method to resolve the existing problems related to on-site leachate treatment and handling. The developed method involved the treatment of given leachate in an anaerobic lagoon with Fenton's reagents followed by aerobic lagoon. The leachate used for the treatment was generated from four solid waste bioreactor landfill models (anaerobic and aerobic) that have high moisture content and high organic concentration of solid waste. The effect of pH control and the different concentrations of Ferrous Sulphate (FeSO₄) and Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) on anaerobic and aerobic lagoons performance were examined in the treatment process.

It has been observed that the Fenton's reagents with the ratio of 1:1 have a great influence on COD reduction. The maximum COD reductions with pH in the ranges of 6-7 and 3-4 along with Fenton's reagents have been observed to be 6% (39130 mg/l to 36450 mg/l) and 32% (39130 mg/l to 26430 mg/l) respectively. The overall COD concentration reduction using the proposed treatment was observed to be 50% during the whole treatment process.
Interrogating user experiences with mobile phone technologies: a multi-method qualitative study of user experiences with the iPhone
Authors: Hazra Ummaha  Tul
Published: June 2021

This study sets out to analyze the technology acceptance decisions by the users of one smartphone (iPhone). Variations of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), after first proposed by Davis (1986), have been widely used in the field of information systems research. This paper proposes extensions to TAM from user experience perspective. Hassenzahl (2003), in his user experience model, finds product attributes as important in forming the character of the product and influencing the user’s behavior. Using the extended version of TAM, I find that manipulation function of pragmatic attributes influences usefulness. I also find stimulation and identification functions of hedonic attributes to impact attitude and actual use. However, evocation has not been found important for either attitude or actual use. This research also develops an ethnographic decision tree model (EDTM) to predict the iPhone acceptance decisions for the sample and the model provides an acceptable success rate. Both the studies (extension of TAM and EDTM) utilize qualitative procedures as the research approach.
Photography at Mid-Century: a Description of George Eastman House's Tenth Anniversary Exhibition
Authors: Malazdrewich Mandy
Published: June 2021

This paper is an in-depth description and historic contextualization of George Eastman House’s tenth anniversary exhibition, Photography at Mid-Century, which took place in 1959. With more than 300 photographs by 253 photographers, the ambitious project was the institution’s largest exhibition to date. This paper outlines the practical work involved in researching, locating and cataloguing 136 of the photographs that were included in the exhibition and provides technical information and reproductions of each. In addition to commenting on the lack of scholarship on photographic exhibitions, this thesis provides historical institutional information as it relates to the organization of the exhibition by looking at the roles of the exhibition’s curator, Beaumont Newhall, assistant curator, Walter Chappell, and exhibition catalogue editor, Nathan Lyons. This paper also provides a description of the organization and installation of the exhibition, its touring locations, public reception and the organization of the exhibition catalogue. This discussion contributes to the growing scholarship on photographic exhibitions. It provides a specific example of how photographs were displayed and conceived of at a moment just preceding the enormous impact of postmodern theory on notions of the photograph as art when the place of photography in art museums was still under debate.
An Access Guide To Nickolas Muray’s The Great Tribes Of Africa Collection At George Eastman House
Authors: Bynoe Charmaine
Published: June 2021

Photographer Nickolas Muray's The Great Tribes of Africa collection consists of approximately seven thousand photographs, negatives and other photographic materials held in the archives of George Eastman House (GEH), International Museum of Photography & Film, Rochester, NY. The collection was created by Muray in 1957 as part of a larger project titled Peoples of The World (1955-60), which is also housed at GEH. Best known for his work as a celebrity portraitist and secondly as a commercial photographer employed by the best-known magazines of the time, Muray's ethnographic project, which he developed in his later years, was left unpublished and did not receive as much attention as his earlier works. This applied thesis project involved the creation of a finding aid for this significant but under-researched collection. It also includes an essay outlining the methodology and rationale for this work completed at GEH over an eleven-month period in 2011-12.
Evaluation of Etobicoke Exfiltration System Applications in the City of Barrie
Authors: Peyvandisani Parto
Published: June 2021

These days engineers reduce the adverse effects of urbanizations using Low Impact Developments (LID) on their municipal design. Etobicoke Exfiltration System (EES) as a LID Best Management Practice (BMP) was demonstrated in 1993 and is being implemented at a hospital rehabilitation project in Toronto. To evaluate EES through modeling, a methodology was used to implement EES in SWMM 5.1.012, and the outcome was applied for a case study in Barrie. The primary components of EES include inlets, void space storage of granular material laid beneath the main sewer system. These components were modeled by orifices and a storage unit to simulate the exfiltration of water from the stone trench into the surrounding native soil. The model was applied in a case study in Barrie regarding hydrologic performance analysis. The results indicated a significant reduction of runoff volume and peak flow reduction for a single design storm. However, some challenges revealed by these results regarding the case study
3D Reconstruction of Exposed Underground Utilities Using Photogrammetric Methods
Authors: Hu Wensong
Published: June 2021

This thesis addresses the topic of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of exposed underground utilities using photogrammetric methods. Research on this topic is mainly motivated by the need for improved information on the location of underground utilities and, thus, to provide reliable information for the management of buried assets. In this thesis, a system of photogrammetric software programs is developed for 3D reconstruction of underground utilities. Camera calibration programs are used for computing interior elements and lens distortion coefficients of digital cameras and saving them in a lookup table (LUT). The accuracy of calibrated image coordinates satisfies the photogrammetric processing demand. An automatic image point detection method is proposed and achieved in these programs. External orientation programs are used for calculating exterior elements of the digital images. Based on geographic information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS) techniques, a new ground control points (GCPs) collection method is proposed and implemented in these programs. A 3D reconstruction program provides corresponding functions to obtain and edit 3D information of underground utilities. Epipolar lines are employed as an assisting tool that helps operators easily find homologous points from different digital images. The study results indicate that photogrammetric methods for reconstructing 3D information of underground utilities are effective and low cost.
Cinema across borders: national differences in SÁMI FILMMAKING in the Nordic countries
Authors: Crawley Rachael
Published: June 2021

The cinema of the Sámi people, of northern Fennoscandia and Russia (Sápmi), has flourished since the turn of the millennium. This thesis summarizes the history of Sámi film, its current infrastructure, and the differences in filmmaking trends between the three Nordic countries of Sápmi. It also includes a list of all known Sámi productions and organizations funding Sámi film. By exploring the differences in funding in the Nordic countries, it examines the relative lack of Sámi film production and infrastructure in Sweden, as compared to Norway and Finland. The paper compares the development of the film industry, in each country of Sápmi, with the political history and current legal status of the Sámi, finding that the success of Sámi film is correlated with greater autonomy in government and language rights.
Shear and flexural behaviour of lightweight self-consolidating concrete beams
Authors: Sathiyamoorthy Kokilan
Published: June 2021

Shear and flexural behaviour of lightweight self-consolidating concrete (LWSCC) beams made of slag aggregates were investigated. Shear reinforced LWSCC beams showed similar shear behaviour compared to their non-shear reinforced counterparts until the formation of diagonal cracks but higher ultimate shear resistance and ductility. Compared to normal weight self-consolidating concrete (SCC) ones, non-shear reinforced LWSCC beams showed lower post-cracking shear resistance. Shear strength of LWSCC/SCC beams increased with the decrease of shear span to depth ratio. LWSCC beams showed higher number of cracks and wider crack width at failure than their SCC counterparts. LWSCC beams developed higher number of cracks with wider crack width at failure compared with their SCC counterparts. American, Canadian and British Codes were conservative in predicting shear strength of shear/non-shear reinforced LWSCC beams. LWSCC beams (with slag aggregate) showed good shear resistance compared with those made of other types of aggregates besides satisfactory flexural performance.
Development of detailed distributed urban drainage models using remote sensing and GIS data.
Authors: Khin Moh Moh Lin
Published: June 2021

Surface runoff source control such as Low Impact Development (LID) techniques are being used as retrofit options for older developed areas that lack available land to implement conventional practices such as stormwater management ponds. The complexity of the catchment area requires detailed distributed urban drainage models, which need high resolution land cover information, to accurately estimate the benefits that LIDs provide. This
thesis explores the use of high resolution WorldView‐2 satellite image in urban drainage modelling. A proposed two‐stage image classification method achieved 83% in image classification accuracy. The classified image was then used to model streets, where the drainage is provided by curb and gutter, roadside ditches and LID. The developed urban drainage models gave comparable but mixed results for different drainage systems compared to the observed runoff data and Geographic Information System (GIS)‐developed models. This research findings provide guidance to modellers in developing detailed distributed urban drainage models.
The impact of sentiment analysis on decision outcomes - an empirical investigation
Authors: Lak Parisa
Published: June 2021

A typical trade-off in decision-making is between the cost of acquiring information and the decline in decision quality caused by insufficient information. Consumers regularly face this trade-off in purchase decisions. Online product/service reviews serve as sources of product/service related information. Meanwhile, modern technology has led to an abundance of such content, which makes it prohibitively costly (if possible at all) to exhaust all available information. Consumers need to decide what subset of available information to use. Star ratings are excellent cues for this decision as they provide a quick indication of the tone of a review. However there are cases where such ratings are not available or detailed enough. Sentiment analysis - text analytic techniques that automatically detect the polarity of text - can help in these situations with more refined analysis.
This study was performed in two interrelated phases. In the first phase the potential impact of Sentiment Scores (sentiment analysis outcomes) was investigated through a comparison between these scores with an already established numerical rating denoted as star ratings in three different domains. The results show that sentiment scores tend to fall into neutral areas and are not able to detect extremes that were reported to be more beneficial for information acquisition purposes. As a result, to use the current sentiment analysis results as a substitute for star ratings, a partial linear filter was applied to sentiment analysis results in a way to highlight the subtle differences away from the "neutral zone".
In the second phase, the impact of the extended version of sentiment scores on decision outcomes was examined through a controlled experiment. The examined decision was a purchase decision and the information provided was pages of reviews annotated with extended sentiment scores on each paragraph. Human subjects were used in the experiment and controlled data gathering sessions was designed. Results suggest that female consumers may use sentiment scores on review documents without other comparison aids to increase their confidence level in their purchase decisions.
Effects of FNA pretreatment on municipal solid waste acidifaction for volatile fatty acid production
Authors: Kankam Ama Dufie
Published: June 2021

The current waste management processes only treat the waste to meet environmental regulations and neglects the potential benefits that can be obtained. There is a potential of viewing waste as feedstock for the production of value-added chemicals, which in turn reduces the quantities of waste. Anaerobic fermentation was carried out on TWAS under concentrations between 0 and 2.8 mg N/L FNA at a contact temperature of 25°C and pH of 5.5 ± 0.2 for contact time of 24 hours under Standard Retention Times of 1 day and 2 days. The FNA doses were; 0.35, 0.7, 1.4 and 2.8 mg N/L. A raw sample of TWAS without any pre- treatment, i.e. no FNA addition nor pH adjustment and a control sample (FNA = 0 mg N/L and the pH was adjusted to 5.5 and kept at a constant temperature of 25°C for 24hrs without any FNA additions) was also included.
Development of framework for in-vehicle collision warning system considering driver characteristics
Authors: Hassein Udai
Published: June 2021

Passing collisions are one of the most serious traffic safety problems on two-lane highways. The purpose of this dissertation is to develop a framework for a passing collision warning system (PCWS) for two-lane highways that can help drivers avoid passing collisions by reducing the chance of human error. Specifically, the objectives of this research are: (1) to conduct a comprehensive literature review of existing collision warning systems, (2) to design driving simulator and field experiments for data collection, (3) to develop deterministic and reliability-based models for passing sight distance (PSD) that consider driver characteristics, (4) to develop an in-vehicle passing collision warning system, and (5) to develop a Simulink model that implements the proposed PCWS in a real time environment. A driving simulator was used to collect data from participants (males and females of different ages). The field study data werecollected on real highways using an in-vehicle video camera and a GPS data logger. The driving simulator and field data were used to develop the passing parameters for the proposed PSD model. The estimated parameters included initial time, passing time, and average acceleration rate. The results of the model were compared with those from existing models and design guidelines. The results revealed that the existing PSD models were either too liberal or too conservative. The reliability-based PSD model was developed using the First-Order Second-Moments method and a Monte Carlo Simulation was used to validate the model. The proposed PCWS uses a radar sensor placed in the passing vehicle to detect opposing vehicles travelling in the left lane and calculate their relative distance and speed in order to estimate the time to collision. This time is then compared with the time required for the passing vehicle to clear the path. The “safe pass” signal can assist passing drivers in preparing for a safe passing maneuver during the overtaking process. A Simulink MATLAB model was developed and used to implement the methodology of the proposed warning system. The different factors that affect system accuracy were examined. The application of the system was illustrated using an example.
Preservation after Exhibition: A Qualitative Study of TIFF’s Film Exhibition Documentation
Authors: Marlatt Michael
Published: June 2021

This thesis argues for the importance of preserving film object exhibition documentation for the benefit of future research, using TIFF’s exhibition program as the dominant case study. Academic writing on film exhibition is discussed through works that focus on the physical film object/screening, the film exhibition institution, and the film object beyond celluloid. The thesis analyzes what constitutes strong documentation, using examples from professionals and other film exhibition institutions. TIFF’s film exhibition department history is listed as a form of preserving the full list of exhibitions that were housed at TIFF. The material preserved by TIFF regarding their exhibition history has been quite limited. The exhibition files are included and then analyzed to determine what is missing that may limit future study. Successes in preservation are also addressed. Lastly, potential steps to address gaps in documentation are detailed.
Labour market experiences of Muslims pre and post 9/11
Authors: Kazmi Nida
Published: June 2021

This study offers an encompassing analysis of labour market experiences of Muslim immigrants in the GTA. A qualitative research method was used to explore whether the events of September 11 has impacted the labour market integration of Muslim immigrants in Canada. The findings are based on the responses of 6 first generation Muslim immigrants who were interviewed for this study. At first the participants reported that their identity as a Muslim did not play a significant role in the labour market, however, their stories suggest some level of racial discrimination as a result of their religious affiliation. The findings suggest intersectionality among Credential recognition, Canadian experience and racism that work together to veil racist activities that Muslim individuals encounter. This study highlights the state and accreditation institutions as key players that keep the immigrant out of the highly desired occupation to reserve these occupations for Canadian born and educated workers.
Explorations In Collections Care: Martin And Osa Johnson Glass Negatives In The Permanent Collection At The George Eastman House
Authors: Ko Jennifer E.
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses a professional practical project that dealt with the collections care undertaken for one instance of found-in-collections material. Consisting of 336 four-by-five and five-by-seven gelatin glass plate negatives by American travel and wildlife filmmakers Martin and Osa Johnson, the material had been cared for in the vaults of the permanent collection at the George Eastman House International Museum of Photography and Film for many years without the establishment of official acquisition or public accessibility. The project discussed in this paper involved the trajectory of care required to make the Johnson material available, including provenance research, official acquisition, registration documentation, cataloguing, and housing improvements. The paper discusses this process, analyzing decisions made from issues of arrangement to culturally-sensitive description in associated cataloguing records. Finally, this paper suggests avenues for potential use of the Johnson material, arguing for the possibilities afforded by accessibility.
Making Sense of the World we Live in : Editorial Practices and Picturing Science in LIFE Magazine: 1936–1955
Authors: Williams K. A.
Published: June 2021

Making Sense of the World We Live In examines how editorial practices communicated different images of science to the readers of LIFE magazine between 1936 and 1955. Selected essays published between 1936–1955 in various sections of LIFE, as well as the thirteen issues series, “The World We Live In” published between 1952–1954 serve as
the primary sources for this thesis. An introduction, literature survey, and methodology section establish the historical context of science communication and LIFE magazine. An appendix and list of illustrations provide quantitative data and selected images used in this thesis. Three analysis chapters discuss how editorial practices including layout, colour, the role of the photographer, and section placement in LIFE produced different stories of science for specific audiences. These chapters also consider how the story of science was integrated by editors into larger political narratives of American hegemony published in the magazine.
Production Of Value-Added Products From Waste Derived Volatile Fatty Acids: A Review
Authors: Hinnecke Matthew Donald
Published: June 2021

Due to the exponential growth of the human population and declining environmental quality in the world, waste derived volatile fatty acids (VFAs) have been identified as a source for the production of value-added products. Throughout this paper, different technologies for the production of value-added products from VFAs, various high content VFA waste streams and value-added products from each process will be discussed. Additionally, an in-depth literature review will be conducted on 5 value added products from VFAs. Highlights of various experiments will be identified as well as common trends in experiments to date. Some considerations will also be given to particular strategies and methods which may enhance the production of a value-added product in the future. Even through the uncertainty it has been proven that waste derived VFAs are a major candidate in contributing to a more environmentally and sustainable society in the immediate future.
Preserving a family’s photographic history: the private collection of Michina Pope
Authors: Slovin Margalit E.
Published: June 2021

Photographs can provide a pictorial testimony of a familial history; yet, each time objects are moved and handled the risk of loss and deterioration increases. However, to date, little guidance has been available to private collectors on how to organize and preserve their photographic collections. My practical thesis focuses on the unique challenges of organizing, preserving and digitizing a private collection of approximately 250 glass plate negatives and four corresponding albums, belonging to Michina Pope in Toronto, Canada. Using this specific collection, I have summarized my research with the intention of creating an illustrated manual with clear guidelines as a resource to help guide private collectors in caring for their photographic collection. In lieu of a specifically purposed manual, this thesis paper an act, in the time being, as a guide for collectors and/or those working with private collections of photographic materials.
Making The Invisible Visible: Exhibiting Erotic Stanhopes
Authors: Legault Sol
Published: June 2021

The Stanhope, a commercially produced, microphotographic novelty invented in 1859 by René Prudent Patrice Dagron (1819-1900), has rarely been critically studied or exhibited. Its use for erotic photography, and the challenges of its microscopic images and varied external forms, including watch fobs and smoking pipes, require new considerations and methods for exhibition display. This thesis examines the history and manufacture of the Stanhope, its “vernacular” status, and its use for erotic imagery in the mid- to late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It then examines recent approaches to the installation of vernacular photographic objects in exhibitions, followed by suggested considerations for the exhibition of erotic Stanhopes, foregrounding their materiality and viewing experience, and contextualizing the historical frameworks of their production and use. The appendices recount the sorting, rehousing, documentation and inventory of the Stanhopes at the Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction, which were used as primary examples.
Fatigue damage assessment of particle-reinforced metal matrix composite materials under uniaxial & multiaxial loading conditions
Authors: Sutton Christopher E
Published: June 2021

The proposed study intended to investigate the fatigue damage of Particle Metal Matrix (PMM) composites under uniaxial and multiaxial loading conditions. Five damage models of SmithWatson-Topper (S.W.T), Ellyin, Brown-Miller, Fatemi-Socie and Varvani were tested for various PMM composite materials for their ability to correlate the uniaxial, torsional and combined tension-torsion damage-life data. Four PMM composite materials of Al6061 I Ah03 I 20p-T6, Al 6061 I Ah03 I 22p-T6, Al 6061 I SiC I 17w-T6 and Ti-6Al-4V I TiC I lOp were evaluated for damage-life based on their strain-life fatigue data. The results of the fatigue damage correlation of uniaxial, torsional and combined tension-torsion fatigue damage versus life for the four PMM composites were investigated in this thesis. The critical plane approaches of Brown-Miller and Fatemi-Socie should almost have the same degree of success in damage assessment of composite materials. These strain based critical plane approaches scaled damage values versus fatigue life data as the lowest range (0.001-0.01) over low-cycle and high-cycle fatigue regimes. While energy based models of S.W.T and Ellyin holding both the stress and strain terms correlated damage data at the highest range (1-1 0) with a relatively larger scatter band for various fatigue lives as compared with other damage approaches. Varvani critical plane-energy approach incorporated the critical plane as the plane of crack initiation and damage growth as well as the strain energy density as a function of stress and strain components acting on the critical plane, which successfully evaluated fatigue damage values within a narrow band. Damage values based on this approach ranged between the highest (S.W.T and Ellyin) and the lowest (Brown-Miller and Fatemi-Socie) ranges and presented an intermediate range of (0.05- 0.1 ). Varvani damage model was further enhanced by means of material dependent terms of a and p to account for the magnitude of difference between Coffin-Manson coefficients for the metallic matrix and PMMC. Terms a and~ enables to estimate fatigue damage ofPMMCs if the strain-life curve for the base metal matrix is known. A finite element unit cell model was also developed to simulate stress-strain responses of Al 6061 I Ah03 I 1 Op-T6 and Al 6061 I Ah03 I 20p-T6 under monotonic tensile loading. The simulated numerical results of stress-strain showed good agreement with the experimental data and prove to be a good tool in the estimation of stress-strain behaviour of PMM composites with various volume fractions.  
Hardware Assisted Security Platform
Authors: Ahsan Mir
Published: June 2021

Embedded systems are often used to monitor and control various dynamic and complex applications. However, with greater accessibility and added features on many embedded systems, more and more systems are being subject to sophisticated and new types of attacks. As a result, the security aspect of embedded systems has become critical design step. TrustZone has become a popular choice for security design solution in systems where resources such as processing power, battery are limited. In TrustZone, two virtual processors called "secure world" and “normal world” run on the same core in a time sliced manner. These worlds have partitioned hardware and software resources, with different modes of operation, isolated memory regions and interrupts. In this paper, the hardware and software architecture of TrustZone is analyzed from the perspective of embedded system security design. Then a mobile-ticketing system based on TrustZone is presented which incorporates standard cryptographic engineering design practices to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of such system. The ticketing system is then simulated and security threat analysis is performed in terms known vulnerabilities such as Buffer Overflow, Static and dynamic code/data tampering, Return Oriented Programming (ROP) exploits, and Man-in-the middle attacks. After evaluating the analysis results with various open source vulnerability analysis tools, it is conclusive that the system design is an effective solution particularly for embedded systems.
A framework for life cycle assessment of concrete bridge decks
Authors: Taki Fouad
Published: June 2021

The construction industry is the largest contributor to environmental loading, and while development will require more infrastructure to achieve its goals, this will require more construction and hence more pollution. In order to achieve a sustainable development, the construction industry has to reduce its environmental loading and consumption of energy and raw materials. The methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) can help in quantifying the cradle to grave impact of construction on the environment. This study was performed to develop a model that uses LCA methodology to estimate the environmental impact of concrete bridge decks in North America. The model traces the emissions during the life cycle of a concrete bridge deck, and then calculates the impact of these emissions on the environment. This study was performed to develop a model that uses LCA methodology to estimate the environmental impact of concrete bridge decks in North America. The model traces the emissions during the life cycle of a concrete bridge deck, and then calculates the impact of these emissions on the environment. The model also calculates the energy and raw materials that are consumed during the life cycle of a concrete bridge deck. This model can be used by designers to evaluate alternative bridge deck designs to select the environmentally sound one.