bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The shifting psychology of food safety: from sensory evaluation to a cognitive assessment
Authors: Awasthi Bhuvanesh
Published: January 2021

Understanding the psychological basis of food safety assessment in an era of food-borne infectious diseases becomes paramount. With globalised food supply chains, consumers have little information and oversight regarding the source of their food ingredients and are likely to feel concerned about the loss of control over food hygiene and safety issues. As a result of the modern food consumption patterns and international supply chains, there is a shift from sensory assessment to cognitive assessment of food safety. This short essay assesses the sensory versus cognitive evaluation of food safety. As a result of such a shift, a crucial aspect in food safety perception is the outstanding question of whether the public understands modern food safety systems. Despite an effort to reduce consumer uncertainty when buying routine and exotic food items, there has been a significant shift from a direct safety assessment to an indirect information processing paradigm. Moving away from sensory to cognitive assessment leads to higher information load that may not serve to ensure consumer confidence in food safety. Possible solutions for an effective approach to food safety communication need to account for several real-life cognitive and behavioural constraints.
Opioid Misuse and Neural Responses to Social Rejection
Authors: Chester David , Bell Sarah Beth , Vanegas Olivia , Stoops William W. , DeWall C. Nathan
Published: January 2021

Opioid misuse is a costly public health issue that often develops in response to physical pain. However, the roles of social pain in opioid misuse and the neural mechanisms that convey its potential effects are largely uninvestigated. Twenty eight participants who reported recreational opioid misuse in the past 30 days completed a study in which they were socially accepted and then rejected while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants who misused opioids displayed a typical pattern of neural reactivity to rejection across broad swaths of cortical and subcortical regions, though subjective reports of rejection-related threat were encoded in brain regions with dense concentrations of opioid receptors. Greater post-rejection cravings for opioids were linked to a deficit in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) activity during social acceptance. Compared to healthy controls, participants who misused opioids exhibited greater VMPFC activity during rejection. These findings suggest that people who misuse opioids have intact neural processing of rejection events and that the distress of these events may be contributed to by dysfunction in the opioid system. Further, opioid cravings may arise when these individuals do not adequately pair social acceptance with a neural ‘safety signal’.
Core Language of Thought
Authors: Takano Kyo
Published: January 2021

Fodor’s “Language of Thought” (also called Mentalese) hypothesis—that we use a language-like, syntactic system in processing thoughts instead of natural languages—caused controversies in philosophy, psychology, and linguistics. While many researchers proposed their perspectives, both for and against, none of them addressed its evolutionary and sociocultural variabilities as far as I know. Accordingly, I provide a novel perspective on the hypothesis by discussing the interplay among our cognition, natural languages, evolution, and sociocultural factors. First, like one speaks personalized English as his/her idiolect, individuals have their own “Idiolects of Thought” as a derivative of Mentalese. Second, while Mentalese varies from individual to individual, “Core Language of Thought” is cognitively fundamental and largely shared across individuals.
The Mental Health of Latinx Adults in the United States During the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Snapshot of Anxiety, Depression, and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms
Authors: Villalobos Bianca T. , Hernandez Rodriguez Juventino
Published: January 2021

The current study documented levels of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, and COVID-19 fears and impacts among Latinxs in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants of this cross-sectional study were 388 Latinx adults who completed an online survey between June and November 2020. Almost half of participants showed clinical levels of anxiety and depression and more than a quarter of participants showed clinical levels of posttraumatic stress. Latinxs reported on average 22 types of negative pandemic life impacts. Group differences based on gender, educational attainment, income, vulnerability to COVID-19, and essential worker status were found for mental health symptoms. Severity of COVID-19 fears and negative life impact counts were related to gender, nativity, educational attainment, vulnerability to COVID-19, and insurance status. Specific Latinx groups experienced greater levels of psychological distress during the pandemic. Further examination of risk and protective factors is needed for communities of color.
Concurrent and Prospective Associations Between Fitbit Derived RDoC Arousal and Regulation Constructs and Adolescent Internalizing Symptoms
Authors: Nelson Benjamin W , Flannery Jessica E. , Duell Natasha , Flournoy John Coleman , Prinstein Mitch , Telzer Eva H.
Published: January 2021

Background: Adolescence is characterized by alterations in biobehavioral functioning, during which individuals are at heightened risk for first onset of psychopathology, particularly internalizing disorders (e.g., depression and anxiety). Recently, researchers have proposed the use of mobile Health (mHealth) technologies to passively index biobehavioral functioning in everyday life yet, there is a dearth of research examining how wearable metrics, which map onto NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) of Arousal and Regulation, are associated with concurrent and prospective changes in mental health.Methods: We preregistered secondary data analyses using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study dataset to determine whether wearable indices of resting heart rate (HR), step count, and sleep duration as well as variability in these measures were cross-sectionally associated with internalizing symptomatology in 5,686 adolescents. All models were also run controlling for age, sex, body mass index, socioeconomic status, and race. We also performed prospective analyses on a subset of this sample across 25 months that had Fitbit data available at Baseline and Follow Up (n = 143). Results: Cross-sectional analyses revealed that higher resting HR, lower step count and step count variability, and greater variability in sleep duration were associated with greater internalizing symptoms. Cross-lagged panel model analysis revealed that there were no prospective associations between wearable variables, but greater internalizing symptoms predicted lower step count 25 months later.Conclusions: Findings indicate that wearable indices concurrently, but not prospectively, associate with internalizing symptoms during early adolescence. Future research should capitalize on the temporal resolution provided by wearable devices to determine the intensive longitudinal relations between biobehavioral risk factors and acute changes in mental health.
Joint recording of EEG and audio signals in hyperscanning and pseudo-hyperscanning experiments
Authors: Pérez Alejandro , Monahan Philip J. , Ralph Matt Lambon
Published: January 2021

Hyperscanning is an emerging technique that allows for the study of brain similarities between interacting individuals. This methodology has powerful implications for understanding the neural basis of joint actions, such as conversation; however, it also demands precise time-locking between the different brain recordings and sensory stimulation. Such precise timing, nevertheless, is often difficult to achieve. Recording auditory stimuli jointly with the ongoing high temporal resolution neurophysiological signal presents an effective way to control timing asynchronies offline between the digital trigger sent by the stimulation program and the actual onset of the auditory stimulus delivered to participants via speakers/headphones. This configuration is particularly challenging in hyperscanning setups due to the general increased complexity of the methodology. In other designs using the related technique of pseudo-hyperscanning, combined brain-auditory recordings are also a highly desirable feature, since reliable offline synchronisation can be performed by using the shared audio signal. Here, we describe two hardware configurations wherein the real-time delivered auditory stimulus is recorded jointly with ongoing electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. Specifically, we describe and provide customized implementations for joint EEG-audio recording in hyperscanning and pseudo-hyperscanning paradigms using hardware and software from Brain Products GmbH.•Joint EEG-audio recording configuration for hyperscanning and pseudo-hyperscanning paradigms.•Near zero-latency playback of auditory signal captured by a microphone.•Precise alignment between EEG and auditory stimulation.
The other pandemic: Obesity
Authors: Economou Anastasia
Published: January 2021

Obesity is defined as “abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health” (World Health Organisation, [WHO], 2020). The Body Mass Index (BMI), weight is divided by height squared, is used to screen for obesity: a person ≥30 kg/m2 is ‘obese’; between 25 kg/m2 and 30 kg/m2 is ‘overweight’. In 2016, 1.6 billion adults (18 years +), were overweight, of which 650 million were obese. Obesity is a major burden of disease (WHO, 2020) not only in high-income countries, but also in low-income (e.g. Eritrea) and middle income countries (e.g. India) (Malik, Willett & Hu, 2013). Obesity has become a pandemic with projections pointing to 38% of Earth’s population becoming overweight and 20% obese by 2030 (Anekwe et al., 2020). Obesity in the UK is also on the rise: it affects 1 in 4 adults, 1 in 10 children aged 4-5, and 1 in 5 children aged 10-11 (NHS, 2020). 63% of adults and 33% of children leaving primary school are above a healthy weight (Public Health England, [PHE], 2020).Obesity is linked to a number of chronic and debilitating conditions like cardio-metabolic risk (CMR) (i.e. metabolic syndrome, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, cardiovascular disease or stroke) and to conditions such as depression which can impact on an individual’s lifecycle. This paper will explore these links and further look at food insecurity and how it could contribute to obesity as well as how socioeconomic inequalities impact on this. It will then seek to evaluate the latest policy of the UK government on ‘Tackling Obesity: empowering adults and children to live healthier lives’ (UK Government, 2020) with a view to exploring whether this policy is appropriate in addressing food insecurity to prevent obesity. It will then conclude with some recommendations.
MICRO FINANCE AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT - THEIR SPACE AND OPPORTUNITY FOR POVERTY REDUCTION IN NEPAL
Authors: Karna Meena
Published: January 2021

In Nepal, the emergence of liberalization and globalization in early 1990‘s aggravated the problem of women workers in unorganized sectors from bad to worse as most of the women who were engaged in various self-employment activities have lost their livelihood. Despite in substantial contribution of women to both household and national economy, their work is considered just an extension of household domain and remains non-monetized. In Nepal, Microfinancescene is dominated by banking sector for providing loan as an effective mechanism for providing financial services to the ―Unreached Poor‖, and also in strengthening their collective self-help capacities leading to their empowerment. Rapid progress in the Microfinancesector now has turned into an empowerment movement among women across the country. Microfinanceis necessary to overcome exploitation, create confidence for economic self-reliance of the rural poor, particularly among women.
CODEBOOK FOR ANALYZING CONTENT AND FUNCTION OF COMMUNICATION IN SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL DILEMMA EXPERIMENTS
Authors: DeCaro Daniel
Published: January 2021

This codebook provides concepts and methodologies for coding and quantifying the content and function of communication in group social dilemma experiments, specifically with a social and ecological component (e.g., common pool resource dilemma). The content that is coded pertains to such categories as small talk, humor, information exchange (e.g., ecological, social, institutional), enforcement (e.g., praise, warnings, threats), decision making (e.g., proposals, choosing). Functional categories pertain to key functions needed for group members to govern the dilemma: e.g., develop agreements, make group decisions (e.g., democratic decision making), resolve conflicts, and enforce compliance. This codebook provides guidance for metrics to associate coded communication content and function to observed cooperation.
Technological Change and Political Turnover: The Democratizing Effects of the Green Revolution in India
Authors: Dasgupta Aditya
Published: January 2021

Can technological change contribute to political turnover? Influential theories suggest that technological change represents a form of creative destruction that can weaken incumbents and strengthen outsiders, leading to political turnover. This paper investigates a large-scale historical natural experiment: the impact of the green revolution on single-party dominance in India. Drawing on a theoretical framework based on models of contests, this paper argues that high-yielding variety (HYV) crops strengthened the incentives and capacity of a politically excluded group, in this case agricultural producers, to seek greater political representation. Exploiting the timing of the introduction of HYV crops, together with district-level variation in suitability for the new crop technology, instrumental variables analyses show that the green revolution played a pivotal role in the rise of agrarian opposition parties and decline of single-party dominance. The findings support theories linking technological change to political turnover, with important implications for the political economy of democratization.
(When) Do Anti-Poverty Programs Reduce Violence? India's Rural Employment Guarantee and Maoist Conflict
Authors: Dasgupta Aditya , Gawande Kishore , Kapur Devesh
Published: January 2021

Theory and extensive evidence connect poverty and underdevelopment to civil conflict, yet evidence on the impact of development programs on violence is surprisingly mixed. To break this impasse, we exploit a within-country policy experiment to examine the conditions under which anti-poverty programs reduce violence. The roll-out of India's National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme caused a large long-run reduction in Maoist conflict violence, as measured with an original data set based on local language press sources. These pacifying effects were not uniform, however, but overwhelmingly concentrated in districts with sufficient pre-existing local state capacity to implement the program effectively. The results demonstrate the potential for anti-poverty programs to mitigate violent civil conflict by improving livelihoods, but also highlight the crucial role of state capacity in shaping these effects.
Histopathological Evaluation of Gall Bladder In Cholecystectomy Specimens in a Tertiary Health Care Centre of Nepal
Authors: Pathak Rakesh , Gupta M , Poudel P , Khadka K
Published: January 2021

Gall bladder is one of the important digestive organ which encountered with different histopathological changes. Different changes in dietary habit, obesity, oral contraceptives, alcohal have shows increased pattern of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis and other pathological findings. Detail examination of gall bladder in cholecystectomy specimen helps to evaluate different histopathological pattern of gall bladder lesion and also help to differentiate non-neoplastic from neoplastic lesion and also helps in further management. This was a cross sectional study done in the Department of Pathology, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, during the study of period of six months (Feburary 2020 to July 2020). A total of 127 patients between 16 years to 63 years with mean age of 40.54±10.88 years. There were 127 cholecystectomy specimens were received during study period and out of which 94 were female and 33 were male. On histopathologial evaluation, chronic cholecystitis was most common findings followed by chronic cholecystitis with cholesterolosis. Other findings were chronic cholecystitis with adenomyosis, chronic cholecystitis with pyloric metplasia, chronic cholecystitis with intestinal metpalsia, chronic cholecystitis with polyp, acute on chronic cholecystitis, Xanthogranulomatous cholecytsitis and adenocarcarcinoma . Median age was 40.54 years. It was concluded that Chronic cholecystitis was the most common histopathologcial findings and the common groups was 41-50 years. Routine examination of cholecystectomy specimens grossly and microscopically is important for patient management Though a very few cases of carcinoma of Gall bladder is seen, it is very important to make sure that all cholecystectomy specimens undergone histopathological examination, with this, we can achieve timely diagnosis and early managements.
The Study of Effectiveness of Ropivacaine in Axillary Brachial Plexus Block for Forearm Surgery
Authors: Acharya Sulav , Bajracharya GR , Gauchan S , Dhakal N
Published: January 2021

Brachial plexus block is a suitable alternative to general anaesthesia for patient undergoing upper extremity surgery. Ropivacaine the S-enantiomer emerged as a possible replacement of Bupivacaine without undesirable toxic effects.Therefore this study was conducted to assess the block characteristics and side effects of 0.75% ropivacaine in axillary brachial plexus block for forearm surgeries. This interventional study was carried out in 30 patients of ASA physical status I or II, aged 18 to 60 yrs undergoing elective surgery u nder axillary brachial plexus block with 20 ml of 0.75 % Ropivacaine using ultrasound and nerve stimulator. The mean onset time of sensory block was 4.53 ± 1.18 minutes and duration of sensory block was 491.00 ± 57.45 minutes. The mean onset time of motor block was 9.17 ± 1.39 minutes and duration of motor block was 452.50 ± 52.34 minutes. The mean time for rescue analgesia or total analgesic effect was 569.47 ± 88.46 minutes. No patients developed any side effects. The result of this study concluded that Ropivacaine is a safe drug providing longer duration of sensory analgesic effect and early recovery of motor function with good operating conditions for forearm surgeries under brachial blexus block.
Disaster Vulnerability Assessment in Parshuram Municipality, Dadeldhura, Nepal
Authors: Pariyar Raj Kumar
Published: January 2021

This study explores the disaster vulnerability of adjoining community of Mahakali River, Parshuram municipality, Dadeldhura. A questionnaire was used to collect information on various physical, social, economic, and environmental vulnerability. Key informant interview was conducted with ward chairpersons and community disaster management committee members. Likewise, three focus group discussions were conducted with the purpose of drawing insight on different factors of disaster vulnerability in the community. Moreover, five community disaster risk management plans were reviewed to understand the types of vulnerability of community. It has been found that weak geological structure and week physical infrastructure-house, bridge, buildings are the physical vulnerability. Likewise, lack of awareness on disaster preparedness, non-implementation of building code and traditional practice are the social vulnerability. Similarly, poverty, seasonal migration, lack of irrigation and land, low quality of soil are the economic vulnerability. Heavy rainfall, forest fire, lack of conservation of water source, encroachment of wildlife inhabitants and deforestation are factors to environmental vulnerability of study area. It is found that there are various vulnerability factors that need to be minimized through the capacity enhancement.
I Have A Remember When
Authors: Dedora Brian
Published: January 2021

This article begins with a reflection on a queer reading at Knife Fork Book in Toronto where an inter-generational moment, for me, went blank. It then recounts a few personal notes concerning the history of the gay bars of the 1970s. I also reflect on what the winning of gay rights has led us to, as observed by an older gay once designated an outlaw. Where is the locale of memory when architectural erasure has demolished the sites of our history and struggle? Can a recounting of gay historical events of the 1970s and early 1980s provide a sense of both the oppression and the vice arrests by the Metropolitan Toronto police force? These events ignited and gathered a gay rebellion to form a community with rights and a standing in law.
“Where u from, who u wit?!” Black Pride Festivals as Itinerant Hospitality
Authors: Smith Christopher G.
Published: January 2021

This article examines the phenomenon of Black Pride festivals. Initially intended as a form of community building during the HIV/AIDS crisis in the 1990s in select cities, Black Pride is both a celebration of Black lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender + (LGBT+) life and a space for political organizing. The model of Black Pride would be adopted throughout the United States and, internationally, in the United Kingdom and South Africa. While there are no “official” Black Pride festivals in Canada, there is a long-standing history of diasporic travel by Black LGBT+ Torontonians that have sought out these festivals as a site of affirmation of their identities and experiences. Blockorama, a one-day cultural festival that celebrates Black LGBT+ individuals during the Pride Toronto festivities, shares a similar history. Now in its twenty-first year, the story of Blockorama illustrates the challenges of visibility and recognition faced by Black LGBT+ communities within broader LGBT+ communities. As a snapshot from my current ethnographic and archival research on Black Pride, this analysis takes the form of a transnational comparison of the structural and political challenges faced by organizers of these events. Of particular concern is the confluence of anti-Black racism and the homonormative political priorities LGBT+ leaders that have shaped “mainstream” Pride festivals, rendering them increasingly corporate driven. Thus, this article specifically attends to the relationship between the spatial regulation and surveillance of Black LGBT+ bodies when moments of celebration are enacted in spaces that are seen as being “out of place.” Conceptually, these moments of disruption are understood as an “itinerant hospitality” that engenders spaces of conviviality between Black LGBT+ communities and the individuals who cultivate their identities often in transit.
Relaksasi Pernafasan dengan Teknik Ballon Blowing terhadap Peningkatan Saturasi Oksigen pada Pasien PPOK
Authors: Astriani Ni Made Dwi Yunica , Dewi Putu Indah Sintya , Yanti Kadek Hendri
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of respiratory relaxation with the ballon blowing technique on increasing oxygen saturation in COPD patients. The study design used a one group pre-post test design. The results of the 30 COPD respondents showed the gender prevalence of the majority of male respondents 73.3% with an average age of 61.87 with an age range of 45-80 years, the mean (pre-test) was 89, 27 and the post-test mean is 94.53 with a p-value of 0,000. Conclusions, there Is An Influence of breathing relaxation with ballon blowing technique on increasing oxygen saturation in COPD patients in RSUD Buleleng Regency.

 

Keywords: Increased Oxygen Saturation, COPD, Ballon Blowing Technique
Posisi Semi Fowler terhadap Respiratory Rate untuk Menurunkan Sesak pada Pasien TB Paru
Authors: Suhatridjas Suhatridjas , Isnayati Isnayati
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the semi-fowler position on Respiratory Rate in pulmonary TB patients in the Pelni Hospital in Jakarta. The method used in this research is descriptive research with a case study approach. The results showed that there was a change in respiratory rate from 21x / min to 18x / min in the subject I and 22x / min to 19x / min in subject II for three days of treatment. In conclusion, there is a significant change in the patient's breathing ability before and after the intervention.

 

Keywords: Semi Fowler Position, Respiratory Rate, Lung TB
Religious Spiritual and Psycososial Coping Training (RS-PCT) Meningkatkan Penerimaan Diri dan Efikasi Diri pada Pasien Paska Stroke
Authors: Dharma Kelana Kusuma , Parellangi Andi , Rahayu Halina
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Religious Spiritual and Psychosocial Coping Training (RS-PCT) interventions on self-acceptance and self-efficacy in post-stroke patients. The research method used in this study was an experimental design with a Randomized Control Trial (RCT) pre and post-test control groups. The results of this study showed that there were significant differences in self-acceptance (p = 0.046) and self-efficacy (p = 0.030) after treatment between the RS-PCT and control groups. The multi-analysis of covariance test showed only interventions (RS-PCT) that were significantly related to self-acceptance (p = 0.045) and post-stroke self-efficacy (p = 0.030) after being controlled by confounding variables (age, sex, type of stroke, aphasia, hemiparesis side). In conclusion, RS-PCT intervention is effective in increasing self-acceptance and self-efficacy in post-stroke patients who are recovering at home.

 

Keywords: Self-Efficacy, Spiritual Religious Coping, Self-Acceptance, Psychosocial
Aplikasi Standar Proses Keperawatan: Diagnosis, Outcome, dan Intervensi pada Asuhan Keperawatan
Authors: Koerniawan Dheni , Daeli Novita Elisabeth , Srimiyati Srimiyati
Published: January 2021

This study aims to look at the quality of nursing care documentation at Myria Hospital Palembang. Analytic surveys are used to obtain an overview of nursing documentation as secondary data. Nursing care documents used were 105 documents by cluster sampling and measured using Q-DIO instruments, and analyzed descriptively. The results showed most of the medium quality in all dimensions, namely diagnosis as a process of 70 documents (67%), diagnosis as a product as many as 56 documents (53%), intervention as many as 66 documents (63%), and nursing outcomes as many as 67 documents (64%). The conclusions in this study indicate that 67% of records have moderate quality on the dimensions of diagnosis as a process, 53% of documents have a reasonable condition on the aspects of diagnosis as a product, 63% of records have moderate quality on the dimensions of intervention, and 64% of documents have average quality on the dimensions of output nursing. The results of the nursing process that have been obtained in this study illustrate the change or improvement in the improvement of symptoms that have a moderate quality to integrate with the nursing process.

 

Keywords: Diagnosis, Documentation, Intervention, Output
Hasil Belajar pada Mata Kuliah Asuhan Kebidanan Kehamilan Dipengaruhi Praktik di Laboratorium Kebidanan
Authors: Anita Theresia
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between practical learning in the midwifery laboratory and the learning outcomes in the Pregnancy Midwifery Care Subjects of the Level II D-3 Midwifery students. This research method uses descriptive-analytic with the cross-sectional approach. The results showed that the level of practical learning in the laboratory was a high category of 59.1%. And category learning outcomes are 72.6%. Statistical test results show that the P-value = 0.029. There is a relationship between practical learning in midwifery laboratories and learning outcomes in the Pregnancy Midwifery Care Course.

 

Keywords: Pregnancy Midwifery Care, Laboratory Practices
Profil Fungsi Kognitif Berdasarkan Karakteristik Lansia Binaan Sahabat Lansia
Authors: Fazriana Erlina
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the cognitive profile based on the characteristics of the elderly assisted my elderly friends in Bandung. This research method is quantitative descriptive research. The results showed that out of 80 elderly respondents, most were in the normal category, as many as 72 elderly (90%). The elderly who are categorized as usual to mild disorders are mostly in the age range of 60-70 years, are female, homemakers work, married marital status, medical history of hypertension and physical activity are homework and gymnastics, while for the elderly with disorders cognitive weight, age 78 years, female gender, widowed, marital status, work as a housewife, medical history of hypertension and physical activity, gymnastics and housework. In conclusion, the cognitive abilities of the elderly assisted my elderly friends in Bandung City in 2019 were mostly in the normal category and the cognitive skills of the elderly with typical to severe types; most of the elderly did homework and gymnastics.

 

Keywords: Elderly Characteristics, Cognitive Ability, Elderly Friends
Analisis Faktor Penentu Kepesertaan Bpjs
Authors: Thobibah Ismatut , Ernawaty Ernawaty , Damayanti Nyoman Anita
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyze the relationship between information factors, knowledge, family support, and attitudes to become a member of the BPJS. The research method used was observational with a cross-sectional approach. The results showed that 69.4% were female, 32.2% were aged 36-45 years. 53.4% ​​have a high school education. The people who are members of the BPJS are 69.53%. There is a relationship between information about BPJS and BPJS membership (p-value = 0,000) and family support and attitudes to support BPJS, which are also related to BPJS membership (p-value = 0,000). Knowledge about BPJS is not related to BPJS membership (p-value = 0.229). In conclusion, information about BPJS, good family support, and a supportive attitude towards BPJS will determine BPJS membership, while knowledge is not related to BPJS membership.

 

Keywords: Family Support, Information, BPJS Membership, Attitude
Analisis Faktor Risiko Kematian dengan Penyakit Komorbid Covid-19
Authors: Satria Raden Muhammad Ali , Tutupoho Resty Varia , Chalidyanto Djazuly
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to analyze comorbid diseases as a risk factor for death due to COVID-19 at Bhakti Dharma Husada Hospital Surabaya. This research method is an observational analytic study with a retrospective study design. The results showed that 358 patients were infected with COVID-19 and confirmed with nose and throat swabs. Sixty-six patients (18%) died from COVID-19. 60.6% were male (OR 1.87, P 0.041), 22.7% aged> 64 years (OR 2.097, P 0.041), and 83.3% of them were co-risk factors. Diabetes mellitus (30.3%) (OR 4,348, P 0,000), and cardiovascular disease (10.6%) (OR 4,319, P 0.016) were the highest risk factors for death in COVID-19. In conclusion, men, old age, diabetes, and hypertension are risk factors for death in COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19, Diabetes, Hypertension, Comorbid, Elderly, Mortality
Penurunan Berat Badan pada Remaja Obesitas Menggunakan Hipnoterapi
Authors: Rini Maria Tarisia , Hardika Bangun Dwi , Suryani Ketut
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of hypnotherapy on weight loss in obese adolescents. The research design used is a quasi-experiment. The results showed that 15 respondents (68.2%) experienced weight loss, and seven respondents (31.8%) did not experience weight loss from the statistical test results obtained p-value 0.001 with a correlation coefficient value of 0.682. Also, the p-value of the chi-square test results is 0.004. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between hypnotherapy and weight loss.

 

Keywords: Weight Loss, Hypnotherapy, Youth
Teknik Rebozo terhadap Intensitas Nyeri Kala I Fase Aktif dan Lamanya Persalinan pada Ibu Multigravida
Authors: Nurpratiwi Yulidian , Hadi Muhammad , Idriani Idriani
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine Rebozo Shake The Apples (RSTA) effectiveness and Rebozo Sifting While Lying Down (RSWLD) on the intensity of pain during the first stage of the active phase and the duration of labor in multigravida mothers. This research method is a quasi-experiment with two group pre and post design. This study indicates that there is a difference in the mean intensity of pain in the first stage of active labor in multigravida mothers before and after giving RSTA & RSWLD (p-value = 0.007). Whereas in the length of work, there was no significant difference in the average size of labor between the RSTA and RSWLD technique interventions (p-value = 0.351), and the effectiveness of the two Rebozo techniques had the same variant, meaning they were equally effective in diverting labor pain during the active phase and duration of delivery (p-value = 0.118). In conclusion, they are giving RSTA, and RSWLD can delay labor pain intensity during the first stage of the active phase and the duration of labor in multigravida mothers.

 

Keywords: Pain intensity, duration of labor, Multigravida, Rebozo technique
Pola Rugae Palatina pada Populasi Osing
Authors: Prastyo Eko , Zulfatunnadiroh Ledy Ana , Nirbita Sharly Delineria Marlion
Published: January 2021

This study aims to describe the palatal rugae pattern based on the Kapali classification in the Osing population. The research method used in this research is descriptive observational. The results showed that the simple frequency distribution of the palatine rugae pattern in the Osing population was 45.6% curved, 28.3% wavy, 8.7% circular, and 17.4% straight. In conclusion, the variation in the palatine rugae based on the Kapali classification can be shown from this study's results on the Osing population.

 

Keywords: Kapali Classification, Forensic Odontology, Osing Population, Rugae Palatina
Tinjauan Fenomena “Hate Speech” dengan Muatan Politik di Indonesia dalam Perspektif “Psychological Hatred”
Authors: Rahmi Hanna , Corsini Andreas
Published: January 2021

AbstrakMunculnya media sosial di Indonesia memberikan efek manfaat positif dan negatif dalam bidang informasi. Beberapa permasalahan timbul diakibatkan perkembangan teknologi berkaitan dengan media sosial, munculnya berita bohong, ujaran kebencian, dan penipuan adalah beberapa faktor efek dari media sosial. Fenomena “Pemilu” baik Presiden dan Kepala Daerah menyeret media sosial ke dalam arus kampanye negatif, dan menjadi pematik munculnya “hate speech” dalam media sosial. Secara historis “hate speech” sudah lama muncul dan disertai dengan peristiwa-peristiwa kekerasan, perundungan, maupun genosida massal pada sekelompok orang dan masyarakat tertentu. Hal ini menjadi permasalahan yang serius bila tidak ditangani dengan serius, karena pada dasarnya menjadi penyebab dari munculnya disintegrasi bangsa Indonesia. Kajian Psikologis mencoba mengurai benang merah kemunculan dari “hate speech”, sehingga pada nantinya didapatkan potensi ide-ide dalam mengurai masalah berkaitan dengan hate speech, khususnya dalam bidang pendidikan. Kata Kunci : Media sosial, hate speech, Pemilu, PsikologisAbstractThe emergence of social media in Indonesia gives the effect of positive and negative benefits in information field. Some problems arise due to the development of technology related to social media, the emergence of lying news, hate speech, and fraud are some factors that effect from social media. The phenomenon of "elections" both the president and the regional head dragged social media into the current negative campaign, and became the emergence of "hate speech" in social media. Historically "hate speech" has long emerged and is accompanied by events of violence, abuse, or mass genocide in certain groups of people and communities. This is a serious problem if it is not handled seriously, because it is essentially the cause of the emergence of the breakup of the Indonesian nation. Psychological studies are trying to parse the emergence of red threads from "hate speech", so that in the future the potential ideas in parsing problems related to hate speech, especially in the field of education.Keyword : Social Media, Hate Speech, Election, Psychological
Covid-19 Dalam Kerangka Irregular Warfare ditinjau dari Perspektif Strategi Pertahanan Negara
Authors: Mustofa Arif
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK            Ancaman terhadap pertahanan negara pada hakekatnya tidak hanya berasal dari militer atau fisik semata, namun ancaman juga datang dari aspek non militer dan non fisik bahkan kasat mata.   Ancaman yang saat ini sedang terjadi di Indonesia dan bahkan dunia saat ini adalah berupa wabah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus yang dinamakan Covid-19.  Wabah penyakit Covid-19 ini dapat digolongkan sebagai ancaman non militer dalam bentuk ancaman nyata pada saat ini dan pada masa mendatang.   Untuk menghadapi ancaman ini menempatkan lembaga pemerintah di luar bidang pertahanan sebagai unsur utama didukung oleh unsur-unsur lain dari kekuatan bangsa.  Artiket ini membahas tentang Covid-19 dalam kerangka peperangan non konvensional atau irregular warfare pada masa mendatang.  Dibutuhkan strategi pertahanan negara yang berbeda jika Covid-19 ini digunakan oleh aktor non negara dalam kerangka irreguler warfare yang sudah mengancam kedaulatan, keutuhan dan keselamatan bangsa.   Strategi tersebut adalah strategi pertahanan semesta yang melibatkan seluruh komponen bangsa yang diselenggarakan dengan menempatkan unsur pertahanan menjadi komponen utama didukung seluruh komponen bangsa lainnya.  Hal ini membutuhkan payung hukum sebagai landasan pelaksanaannya.  Indonesia perlu menyiapkan diri untuk menghadapi irreguler warfare ini pada masa mendatang.
Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) Analysis Terhadap Pelibatan Intelijen Negara dalam Penanganan Covid-19 di Indonesia
Authors: Bahtiar Andhi , Munandar Adis Imam
Published: January 2021

The policy of involving and taking steps by the State Intelligence Agency (BIN) as a secret agency in handling Covid-19 is deemed incompatible with its main duties and functions. The polemic arose when it was feared that this involvement could potentially lead to abuse of authority and practice of reducing BIN to the role of other, more credible institutions in handling Covid-19. Through the analysis of the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) on the existing literature review, this study will confront the policy counter-narrative with the dominant narrative used, namely that Covid-19 is a national security threat which is the responsibility of BIN as the first line of national defense. The metanarative results in this study explain that the difference in perceptions between the two narratives originates from the trauma of intelligence practices in the past, which is faced with the dynamics of national security threats today and in the future.
PRINCIPAIS CAUSAS DA GRAVIDEZ NA ADOLESCÊNCIA UM PROBLEMA DE SAÚDE PÚBLICA: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DE LITERATURA
Authors: Nycolle Santana dos Santos , Levi Araujo Bezerra , Kaline Rafaelle Dias da Silva , Luiz Carlos Alves da Silva
Published: January 2021

O índice de adolescentes que engravidam no Brasil, 65,5 em cada mil, estando acima da média mundial que é 46 a cada mil. Levando em consideração que uma gravidez na adolescência pode causar morte e invalidez, é necessário pontuar que é merecida uma atenção diferenciada por caracterizar-se como um problema de saúde pública. Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar as principais causas da gravidez na adolescência e a existência de políticas públicas específicas, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura onde consta nas bases de dados LiLACS, MEDLINE, BDENF, SCIELO e BVS, no período de 2010-2019, sendo usados os seguintes descritores: gravidez na adolescência, políticas públicas e adolescente. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos de pesquisa original; completos e disponíveis para leitura/análise; escritos em língua portuguesa. Foram selecionados 14 artigos com aderência ao tema. A gravidez na adolescência está frequentemente relacionada a questões sociais e econômicas, sendo o casamento uma opção desejável para a família, muitas vezes em condições economicamente desfavoráveis, o mesmo pode ser a saída pela falta de estudos e oportunidades de emprego, sendo uma alternativa para assegura o futuro financeiro. Estudos também apontaram que quanto mais cedo a jovem inicia a vida sexual, maiores são as probabilidades de engravidar precocemente, a despeito do conhecimento já produzido sobre políticas públicas específicas de Juventude, não há políticas para esse grupo, foi identificada a Estratégia de Saúde da Família no contexto de saúde das jovens. Porém, é necessária a incorporação de informações sobre o atendimento às individualidades que envolvem o adolescente e a disponibilidade de informações sobre as necessidades dos adolescentes e a prevenção da gravidez.
Defining a General Collective Intelligence Based Renewable Energy Solution Development Program
Authors: Williams Andy E
Published: January 2021

The choice of which problem renewable energy programs target is one that might benefit from greater General Collective Intelligence or GCI. Where a collective intelligence uses the intelligence of crowds to maximize impact on a given problem, a GCI is defined as having the capacity for general problem solving ability, and therefore the capacity to increase outcomes by choosing the optimal problem to solve. Collectively intelligent development aims to solve the problems required to create the ability for groups to reliably explore all of the currently possible solution space and to reliably converge on the best available solution in that space, so that developing solutions which facilitate a significantly improved impact on targeted outcomes as compared to other development processes is reliably achievable. Where conventional development processes have known cognitive or other biases that may prevent certain categories of solutions from being selected by groups even where optimal, collectively intelligent development aims to create the capacity to reliably converge on the optimal overall solution. A proposed Collective Intelligence Based Renewable Energy Program aims to leverage human-centric functional modeling to provide groups with a common model of the problem being solved. This proposed program then leverages a newly developed model of General Collective Intelligence to collectively reason in terms of those common functional models as required to develop a solution that optimizes impact on the targeted problem, such as the problem of achieving a significantly lower cost of access to sustainable renewable energy, or achieving a significant increase in environmental sustainability of that renewable energy, as defined by metrics that might be related to carbon emissions.
The Role of Cognitive Computing and Collective Cognitive Computing in the Future Internet
Authors: Williams Andy E , Petrovic Nenad
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION: The European Union, the United States, and China have all had, or currently have, programs to support research into the development of their vision of the Internet of the future.OBJECTIVES: To explore whether and if so how cognitive computing or collective cognitive computing is likely to be a critical aspect of all of these visions of the future Internet, even where these visions differ wildly.METHODS: An analysis is performed to assess whether and how AGI and GCI might be used to optimize achievement of the EU’s vision for a future Internet. And an analysis is performed to determine whether and if so how AGI and GCI might be used to optimize achievement of China’s potentially very different vision for a future Internet.RESULTS: AGI and GCI appear to create the possibility of future Internet technology that self-assembles in different ways according to the users, so that it simultaneously might maximize outcomes in implementing potentially conflicting visions of that future Internet.CONCLUSION: The conceptual example of customizing a news media website for two individual users of opposite political persuasions suggests that while the overhead of customizing such services might potentially result in massively increased storage and processing overhead, within a network of cooperating services in which this customization reliably creates value, this is potentially a significant opportunity.
Towards rebirth in transformational psychology and practice: A Southern perspective.
Authors: Del M.N. Sekgaphane
Published: January 2021

In divergent world ecosystems, there is a desire for visible, integral ecological transformation pertaining to self, other, community and society; partly influenced by loss of identity both within and without the greater ecology. Notably, identity and impact of psychological practice remains a burning platform within the African context, thus growing the question – does Africa have anything to offer to redress the growing conversation of human disconnect, discard and dehumanisation through loss of identity. To redress, it becomes necessary to Rebirth through grounding to “Call” to cause transformation of self towards ecological healing. REBIRTH is an innovative transformational process grounded in the South, exploring the role of Africa, its norms and unique philosophy of Ubuntu-Botho as relevant practice towards inclusive transformation, catalysing social innovation. It is a creative experience reconnecting self, other, community and society to identity in Botho-Ubuntu beginning in the Southern relational path, and unfolds into the four voices of global exploration, towards inclusive transformation and authentic identity. The traditional African approach to rebirth promotes collective healing within a more holistic approach and the role of the community becomes apparent in the womb of the “Tribe” as point of entry - pointing towards a renewed civilisation in the world.
Approximating an Artificial General Intelligence or a General Collective Intelligence
Authors: Williams Andy E
Published: January 2021

Human-Centric Functional Modeling (HCFM) has recently been used to define a model of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) believed to have the capacity for human-like general problem-solving ability (intelligence), as well as a model of General Collective Intelligence (GCI) with the potential to combine individuals into a single collective intelligence that might have exponentially greater general problem-solving ability than any individual in the group. Functional modeling decouples the components of complex systems like cognition through well-defined interfaces so that they can be implemented separately, thereby breaking down the complex problem of implementing such a system into a number of much simpler problems. This paper explores how a rudimentary AGI and a rudimentary GCI might be implemented through approximating the functions of each, in order to create systems that provide sufficient value to incentivize more sophisticated implementations to be developed over time.