bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response of Forage Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench) to Yield, Nutrient Management and Quality Parameters During Kharif Season
Authors: V. S. Chandane  , N. J. Danawale  , S. S. Ilhe  , A. G. Durgude  , R. P. Avachar  , M. R. Patil
Published: February 2025

A field experiment entitled “Response of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to nutrient management during kharif season” was undertaken during Kharif, 2022 at Post Graduate Instructional Farm, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Dist. Ahmednagar (Maharashtra). The experiment was laid out in randomised block design with three replications. The experiment consists of ten treatments involving T1 - Absolute control, T2 - GRDF (5 t ha-1 FYM + 100:50:40 kg ha-1 N, P205 , K2O), T3 - GRDF + Water spray, T4 - GRDF + Urea @ 2%, T5 - GRDF + DAP @ 2%, T6 - GRDF + WSF 19:19:19 @ 1%, T7 - GRDF + WSF 17:44:00 @ 1%, T8 - GRDF + WSF 13:00:45 @ 1%, T9 - GRDF + WSF 00:52:34 @ 1%, T10 - GRDF + WSF 00:00:50 @ 1%. The green forage yield (60.70 t ha-1) was significantly higher under application of GRDF along with foliar application of 19:19:19 @ 1% at 30 and 45 days after sowing. The application of treatment GRDF + WSF 19:19:19 @ 1% recorded significantly higher nitrogen uptake (144.73 kg ha-1) followed by GRDF + WSF 17:44:00 @ 1% having nitrogen uptake (130.75 kg ha-1) was at par with GRDF + DAP @ 2% having nitrogen uptake (130.70 kg ha-1). In respect to phosphorus uptake studies the application of treatment GRDF + WSF 19:19:19 @ 1% recorded significantly higher phosphorous uptake (24.06 kg ha-1) followed by GRDF + WSF 17:44:00 @ 1% having phosphorous uptake (21.05 kg ha-1) was at par with GRDF + DAP @ 2% having phosphorous uptake (21.04 kg ha-1). In case of potassium uptake studies the application of studies the application of treatment GRDF + WSF 19:19:19 @ 1% recorded significantly higher potassium uptake (233.89 kg ha-1). The quality characters like crude protein yield (10.31 q ha-1) was significantly higher under application of GRDF along with foliar application of 19:19:19 @ 1% at 30 and 45 days after sowing. But the quality characters like acid detergent fibre, nutrient detergent fibre and crude protein of forage sorghum did not show any significant difference.
FLUXOS E DISPERSÃO DA COVID-19 NA REGIÃO GEOGRÁFICA IMEDIATA DE TIMON, MARANHÃO, BRASIL
Authors: Bertolino Maria Eduarda Pinheiro , Silva Daniely Lima , Dos Santos Ricardo Felipe , Santos Pedro Henrique Araújo , Vieira Samara da Silva , De Sousa Andressa Brito Silva , Oliveira Allison Bezerra
Published: February 2025

Este trabalho tem por objetivo discutir a dinâmica de propagação da covid-19 a partir dos fluxos de pessoas em busca de atendimento médico-hospitalar na rede urbana da Região Geográfica Imediata de Timon. O recorte temporal corresponde ao período de um ano, a contar do primeiro caso de covid-19 registrado no Maranhão. A análise considera que a seletividade dos serviços de saúde nos municípios maranhenses contribui para a criação de uma intensa rede de conexões e contágio impulsionada pela circulação de pessoas direcionadas a atendimento médico na rede urbana. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, seguida de um exame qualitativo dos dados, extraídos principalmente das bases do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Maranhão e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Os dados são referentes a equipamentos médico-hospitalares, unidades médicas e recursos humanos, considerados como impulsionadores da movimentação de pessoas durante a pandemia de covid-19. Os resultados sugerem que a densidade de serviços de saúde dentro da região impulsiona fluxos de transeuntes em busca de atendimento, reproduzindo os padrões de hierarquia da rede urbana-regional e promovendo imprecisões quanto à origem do contágio e à concentração de óbitos no principal centro regional.
Pemberian Edukasi dalam rangka Hari Stroke Sedunia Tahun 2024
Authors: Sril Asrizal A , Nikmawati Sari , Warlem Nilas , Izrul Irdawaty
Published: February 2025

Hari Stroke Sedunia diperingati sebagai upaya meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pencegahan, penanganan, dan dampak penyakit stroke. Stroke merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian dan kecacatan di dunia, yang sering kali disebabkan oleh faktor risiko yang dapat dicegah, seperti hipertensi, diabetes, obesitas, dan gaya hidup tidak sehat. Oleh karena itu, edukasi kepada masyarakat menjadi langkah penting dalam menurunkan angka kejadian stroke serta meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien pasca-stroke. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat dalam rangka Hari Stroke Sedunia serta mengevaluasi dampaknya terhadap pemahaman dan perubahan perilaku dalam pencegahan stroke. Metode yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan kesehatan melalui seminar, media cetak, dan digital kepada kelompok sasaran yang terdiri dari individu dengan risiko tinggi stroke. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan tingkat pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi edukasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa edukasi yang diberikan secara signifikan meningkatkan pemahaman peserta mengenai faktor risiko stroke, tanda dan gejala awal, serta langkah-langkah pencegahannya. Selain itu, terjadi perubahan positif dalam kebiasaan hidup sehat, seperti peningkatan aktivitas fisik dan pola makan yang lebih baik. Dengan demikian, edukasi kesehatan dalam rangka Hari Stroke Sedunia dapat menjadi strategi efektif dalam menekan angka kejadian stroke dan meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang pentingnya pencegahan sejak dini.
Pemberian Informasi & Edukasi “ Dukungan Psikososial bagi Penderita Kanker dan Keluarga”
Authors: Dewi Sulistiana , Ariadi Ade , Mustiadji Adji , Hondrizal
Published: February 2025

Kanker tidak hanya memengaruhi kondisi fisik pasien, tetapi juga memiliki dampak psikologis dan sosial yang signifikan bagi pasien dan keluarga mereka. Stres, kecemasan, dan depresi sering dialami oleh penderita kanker akibat proses pengobatan yang panjang dan ketidakpastian mengenai kesembuhan. Oleh karena itu, dukungan psikososial memainkan peran penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien dan keluarga mereka saat menghadapi tantangan penyakit ini.Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi dan edukasi mengenai pentingnya dukungan psikososial bagi penderita kanker dan keluarga, serta mengevaluasi dampaknya terhadap pemahaman dan kesiapan mereka dalam menghadapi tantangan emosional dan sosial. Metode yang digunakan meliputi seminar, diskusi kelompok, serta penyebaran materi edukasi melalui media cetak dan digital. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan tingkat pemahaman peserta sebelum dan sesudah intervensi edukasi. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa edukasi mengenai dukungan psikososial secara signifikan meningkatkan kesadaran peserta terhadap pentingnya kesejahteraan mental dan emosional dalam perawatan kanker. Selain itu, banyak peserta yang memperoleh pemahaman lebih baik mengenai strategi koping serta peran penting keluarga dan komunitas dalam mendukung pasien kanker. Dengan demikian, pemberian informasi dan edukasi mengenai dukungan psikososial dapat menjadi strategi efektif dalam membantu pasien kanker dan keluarga mereka menghadapi tantangan emosional dengan lebih baik.
THE PRINCIPLE OF PROPORTIONALITY IN FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS: IMPLICATIONS AND PRACTICES IN BUSINESS CONTRACTUAL RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: Mia Rasmiaty
Published: February 2025

The principle of proportionality plays a very important role in maintaining the balance between the rights and obligations of the parties to a franchise agreement. In practice, franchise agreements often exhibit an imbalance between the franchisor and franchisee, potentially to the detriment of the weaker party. This article discusses the implications of the principle of proportionality in franchise agreements in Indonesia, focusing on how its application can prevent contractual imbalance. It also explores the best practices and regulations needed to ensure a fairer and more proportional application of this principle in franchise agreements. The research method used is a normative juridical method that relies on the analysis of the relevant legal framework, especially related to the regulation of franchise agreements in Indonesia. The results of the discussion show that strengthening regulations, dispute resolution mechanisms, and the application of transparency and balance principles in agreements can create a fairer and more sustainable business climate.
Kekayaan dan Kemiskinan dalam Kehidupan Umat Allah Masa Kini: Sebuah Refleksi Teologis
Authors: Gultom Rapi , Napitupulu Pieter Anggiat
Published: February 2025

Roma pasal 12:1-2 merupakan peralihan dari pengajaran tentang pembenaran oleh iman ke dalam praktek hidup harian. Orang percaya setelah mendapat pengajaran tentang pembenaran oleh iman, dapat hidup sesuai hakekat barunya tersebut. Sebagai orang yang telah dibenarkan oleh iman, setiap orang percaya harus memiliki gaya perilaku yang berbeda dengan kehidupan sebelumnya. Ada dua hal yang terjadi di dalam hidup orang percaya. Setiap orang percaya mendapat tantangan dan perubahan hidup. Setiap orang percaya mendapat tantangan untuk mempersembahkan dirinya sebagai persembahan yang hidup, kudus dan berkenan kepada Allah. Di sisi berikutnya setiap orang percaya harus mengalami perubahan. Mereka tidak lagi menjadi serupa dengan dunia tetapi harus serupa dengan gambar Kristus. Setiap orang percaya harus mengalami perubahan moral, mental dan motivasional. Ini semuanya merupakan ibadah yang sejati.
Anak Cucunya Tidak akan Meminta-minta: Parenting dan Grandparenting
Authors: Herlina Heli , Pasaribu Nehemia Parmonangan
Published: February 2025

Pembangunan tubuh Kristus merupakan agenda utama gereja dalam rancangan Allah. Hal itu bertalian dengan amanat Agung Yesus Kristus. Perintah untuk memberitakan Injil sampai ujung bumi, memuridkan semua bangsa dan membaptis di dalam nama Bapa dan Anak dan Roh Kudus mengindikasikan, bahwa di pundak gereja diberikan tanggungjawab untuk bertumbuh dalam kedewasaan sehingga dapat berkembang untuk memenuhi bumi dengan ajaran Kristus. Gereja harus melakukan ekspansi (misi) besar-besaran ke dalam kehidupan manusia, agar dapat menghadirkan pemerintahan Allah di bumi ini. Hal itu sejajar dengan doa yang diajarkan oleh Tuhan Yesus, “Datanglah kerajaan-Mu dan jadilah kehendak-Mu di bumi seperti di sorga”. Oleh sebab itu, esensi dari pembangunan tubuh Kristus adalah mencapai kepenuhan Kristus yang menghasilkan pendewasaan umat, sehingga mereka menjadi alat Tuhan yang mendorong pertumbuhan sesama anggota tubuh Kristus. Terang Injil yang menyelamatkan menjangkau dan memenuhi kehidupan umat manusia.
Menerapkan Manajemen Pelayanan Berbasis SOP di Gereja
Authors: Wijiati Maria
Published: February 2025

When viewed at the present time, church service management based on SOP (Standard Operating Procedures) in providing quality of service is less considered. This can be seen by the dependence of subordinates / workers / staff to the leader in running the service so that errors often occur in it and as a result can not provide good quality of service to the congregation, the services provided by the church are not in accordance with the expectations of the congregation. Management of church services is a very important process in serving the congregation. Every minister in all areas of service in a church should have a standard operating procedure that has been determined. Such as the attitude of serving the congregation, appearance when serving the congregation, knowledge and skills in serving the congregation according to their respective fields of service. The purpose of this paper is to determine the quality of services that exist in the church, to know the extent of service management based on SOP (Standard Operating Procedures) in the church and to determine the standardization of service management in the church. Based on the results of this paper, we get the fact that by implementing service management based on SOP (Standard Operating Procedures) in the church, the congregation can be served well and effectively so as to produce satisfaction for the congregation.

Abstrak
Jika dilihat pada masa sekarang ini, manajemen pelayanan gereja yang berbasis SOP (Standar Operasional Prosedur) dalam memberikan kualitas pelayanan kurang diperhatikan. Hal ini dapat dilihat dengan adanya ketergantungan bawahan/ pengerja/ staff kepada pemimpin dalam menjalankan pelayanan tersebut sehingga seringkali terjadi kesalahan di dalamnya dan akibatnya tidak dapat memberikan kualitas pelayanan yang baik kepada jemaat, pelayanan yang diberikan oleh gereja tidak sesuai dengan harapan jemaat. Manajemen pelayanan gereja ini merupakan proses yang sangat penting dalam melayani jemaat. Setiap pelayan dalam semua bidang pelayanan di gereja seharusnya mempunyai standar operasional prosedur yang sudah ditentukan. Seperti sikap melayani jemaat, penampilan saat melayani jemaat, pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam melayani jemaat sesuai bidang pelayanan masing-masing. Tujuan tulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui mutu pelayanan yang ada pada gereja, mengetahui sejauh mana manajemen pelayanan berbasis SOP pada gereja dan untuk mengetahui standarisasi manajemen pelayanan yang ada pada gereja. Berdasarkan hasil penulisan ini, memperoleh fakta bahwa dengan diterapkannya manajemen pelayanan berbasis SOP di gereja, maka jemaat dapat terlayani dengan baik dan efektif sehingga menghasilkan kepuasan bagi jemaat.
Dasar Pelayanan Kristen Bagi Penyandang Tunagrahita
Authors: Simanungkalit Aprianus
Published: February 2025

Pemahaman masyarakat umum mengenai anak berkebutuhan khusus masih sangat minim, kebanyakan mereka menganggap bahwa anak berkebutuhan khusus merupakan anak yang tidak memiliki kemampuan apapun, bahkan ada yang mengatakan bahwa mereka ini adalah anak yang gila. Anak tunagrahita adalah kondisi anak yang kecerdasannya jauh di bawah rata-rata yang ditandai oleh keterbatasan intelegensi dan ketidakcakapan dalam interaksi sosial. Anak tunagrahita dikenal juga dengan istilah terbelakang mental karena keterbatasan kecerdasannya sukar untuk mengikuti program pendidikan di sekolah secara umum dan juga sulit bersosialisasi dengan masyarakat lainnya. Namun, walaupun demikian anak tunagrahita juga memiliki hak yang sama dengan anak pada umumnya. Salah satu hak yang mereka harus dapatkan adalah menerima pelayanan yang terbaik dari gereja. Gereja dan sesama orang percaya harus bisa memandang penyandang tunagrahita dari kacamata kasih, bukan melihat bahwa hal ini terjadi karena kutukan dari Tuhan. Bagi Yesus penyandang tunagrahita bukanlah orang-orang yang tidak layak dan tidak berdaya sama sekali sebagaimana dalam pandangan umum terhadap mereka. Sebaliknya, Yesus melihat mereka sebagai orang-orang yang juga memiliki kelayakan yang sama dengan anak yang normal, orang-orang yang bisa berperan dalam menyatakan karya Allah yang baik. Mereka malah bisa menjadi orang-orang yang dapat berbuat banyak bagi kita jika mereka diberi ruang, kesempatan dan diberdayakan untuk melakukan itu, dihargai sama seperti kita, sebab mereka juga adalah manusia sama seperti orang-orang normal lainnya. Kita harus segera mengembangkan teologi yang membebaskan dan memberi kehidupan kepada semua. Inilah yang dilakukan oleh Yesus dalam pelayanan-Nya. Cerita tentang penyembuhan seorang yang mati tangan kanannya oleh Yesus dalam Lukas 6:6-11, misalnya, mengajak kita untuk sadar bahwa mereka yang ‘lemah’ itu ada di tengah-tengah kita, di tengah-tengah masyarakat, komunitas iman atau gereja kita, dan karenanya kita tidak boleh mendiskriminasi mereka; sebaliknya kita harus memperlakukan mereka secara khusus, membawa mereka dalam pusat-pusat perhatian kehidupan kita. Jadi, perhatian kepada mereka ini bukan hanya persoalan adil atau tidak adil, melainkan perintah ilahi yang tidak bisa ditawar-tawar lagi. Rupanya, bukan lagi orang tunagrahita/cacat yang perlu disembuhkan oleh Yesus, melainkan gereja dan masyakarat karena ketidakmampuan kita menyatakan Injil yang holistik, karena masih banyaknya penghalang kita untuk peduli terhadap penyandang cacat atau tunagrahita, dan kecenderungan kita mengabaikan saudara-saudara kita yang secara fisik dan menta; “cacat”, yang sering membuat mereka dikesampingkan dan dimarginalisasikan dari komunitas dimana mereka berada. Allah tidak menginginkan diskriminasi terjadi di pelayanan, gereja dan masyarakat
Program Bayi Tabung Menurut Pandangan Alkitab
Authors: Wijiati Maria
Published: February 2025

In line with advances in knowledge and technology, efforts to help infertile women have become the thought of world medical experts, namely by using the IVF program. Apart from all the benefits and positive values of IVF, it raises debate from religious, moral, legal, and ethical aspects. The purpose of this paper is to provide biblical solutions to Christians in dealing with questions about IVF. The research approach used is qualitative literature, with descriptive methods. Based on the results of this writing, the results obtained from the IVF program according to the Bible's viewpoint are firmly rejecting the IVF program because the process of making IVF is contrary to Bible truth. If the church socializes the process of making IVF and if the principle/process of IVF is understood by Christian couples that this violates the truth of the Bible, then couples who have no children will not force themselves to have offspring by means of IVF because children are God's gift.

Abstrak
Selaras dengan kemajuan pengetahuan dan teknologi, usaha untuk membantu perempuan mandul telah menjadi pemikiran para ahli kedokteran dunia, yakni dengan cara menggunakan program bayi tabung. Terlepas dari semua manfaat, dan nilai positif bayi tabung ini menimbulkan perdebatan dari aspek keagamaan, moral, hukum, maupun etika. Tujuan penulisan ini untuk memberikan solusi kepada orang Kristen secara alkitabiah dalam menghadapi pertanyaan seputar bayi tabung. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif literatur, dengan metode deskritif. Berdasarkan hasil penulisan ini, maka hasil yang diperoleh dari program bayi tabung menurut pandangan Alkitab adalah menolak dengan tegas program bayi tabung karena proses pembuatan bayi tabung bertentangan dengan kebenaran Alkitab. Apabila gereja mensosialisasikan proses pembuatan bayi tabung dengan benar dan apabila prinsip/proses bayi tabung dimengerti oleh pasangan Kristen bahwa hal tersebut melanggar kebenaran Alkitab, maka pasangan yang tidak memiliki keturunan tidak akan memaksakan diri untuk memiliki keturunan dengan cara program bayi tabung karena anak adalah anugerah Allah.
Reinterpretasi Teologis: Kepelayanan dalam Perspektif Generasi Muda
Authors: Paath Jeffry
Published: February 2025

This research examines the role and impact of ministry in the context of young ministers within the church. This research explores the experiences, motivations, and effects of youth involvement in church ministry through a qualitative approach. The findings indicate that the engagement of young individuals in ministry enhances their spiritual growth and contributes significantly to the church's mission and community development. These findings highlight the importance of empowering young people within the church context and provide valuable insights for future youth ministry nurturing and growth.
Strategi Pelayanan Pastoral di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Menuju Pertumbuhan Gereja yang Sehat
Authors: Budiman Sabda , Susanto Susanto
Published: February 2025

Pastoral ministry strategies during the covid-19 pandemic are urgently needed for god's servants today. The challenges that occur on both the part of god's servants and the church stimulate for each scholar to find a way for the church to grow in the current situation. This research presents a variety of relevant pastoral ministry strategies to be used as a medium of growth of the faith of the church. Not only spiritually, but also spiritually and visibly. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the pastoral ministry strategy during the covid-19 pandemic towards healthy church growth. The research method used in this research is the qualitative research method. Looking at the current situation that changes and develops according to what is recorded in the field, therefore qualitative methods are appropriate for use in data collection and processing. Thus, the design used in this research is flexible and open.

Abstrak
Strategi pelayanan pastoral di masa pandemic covid-19 sangat dibutuhkan bagi para pelayan Tuhan saat ini. Tantangan yang terjadi baik dari pihak pelayan Tuhan maupun jemaat merangsang untuk setiap cendekiawan menemukan cara agar jemaat dapat bertumbuh dalam situasi yang baru saat ini. Penelitian ini menyajikan berbagai strategi pelayanan pastoral yang relevan untuk digunakan sebagai media pertumbuhan iman jemaat. Tidak hanya secara rohani, tetapi juga secara jamsani dan yang nampak. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk memaparkan strategi pelayanan pastoraldi masa pandemic covid-19 menuju pertumbuhan gereja yang sehat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah metode penelitian kualitatif. Melihat situasi yang saat ini berubah serta berkembang sesuai apa yang terjad di lapangan, karena itu metode kualitatif tepat untuk digunakan dalam pengumpulan dan pengolahan data. Dengan demikian, desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersifat fleksibel dan terbuka.
Makna Pernikahan, Perceraian dan Pernikahan Kembali Menurut Matius 19: 1-12 Bagi Orang Percaya Masa Kini
Authors: Setiadi Hendra
Published: February 2025

Pernikahan dalam Agama Kristen merupakan hal yang sakral dan kudus sebab Allah sendiri yang menciptakan manusia dan menjadikan satu daging dalam sebuah pernikahan, Allah menghendaki adalah pernikahan yang sifatnya monogami sebagai gambaran Monotheisme.
Perceraian dalam Agama Kristen tidak dizinkan dengan alasan apapun kecuali maut yang memisahkan sebab apa yang telah disatukan Allah tidak boleh diceraikan oleh manusia dan Allah membenci perceraian.
Pernikahan kembali merupakan hal yang lazim bagi masyarakat dunia yang mengalami kegagalan dalam rumah tangga dan ingin membangun kembali keluarga namun bagaimana dengan orang Kristen apakah mengizinkan adanya pernikahan kembali.
Penulis dalam menulis artikel ini memakai jenis metode penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif yaitu memakai sumber-sumber berdasarkan penelitian keperpustakaan    dalam Bahasa Inggris disebut library research yang menggunak sumber-sumber seperti artikel-artikel dan buku-buku sebagai sumber referensi dalam penulisan artikel agar dapat memperoleh hasil secara objektif. Dan  melakukan juga penelitian secara metode ilmiah yaitu seperti berpikir secara empirisl dan rasional atau masuk akal juga melakukan penelitian secara sistematis.
Kesimpulam bahwa pernikahan merupakan hal yang sakral dan kudus juga Alla sendiri yang menyatukan mereka sehingga tidak boleh bercerai dengan alasan apaun kecuali maut yang memisahkan dan pernikahan kembali hanya dapat dilakukan oleh yang dicerai mati.
Konsep Pembebasan dalam Ajaran Paulus dan Implikasinya terhadap Perbudakan
Authors: Prading Friskilia Randa
Published: February 2025

Penelitian studi pustaka ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Konsep Pembebasan dalam Ajaran Paulus dan implikasinya terhadap perbudakan dalam konteks sosial dan teologis. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah pada surat-surat Paulus dalam Perjanjian Baru yang membahas konsep pembebasan, terutama sebagaimana diungkapkan dalam surat-surat kepada Galatia, Roma, dan Filemon. Analisis studi pustaka ini dilakukan untuk memahami bagaimana Paulus merangkai pemikirannya tentang pembebasan sebagai hasil dari kasih karunia Kristus, dan bagaimana konsep ini mempengaruhi pandangan gereja awal terhadap perbudakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis teks Alkitab, teologi sistematis, dan konteks sejarah budaya pada masa Paulus. Temuan penelitian diharapkan dapat menggambarkan bagaimana ajaran Paulus tentang pembebasan memberikan dasar teologis bagi pandangan gereja awal terhadap perbudakan, serta apakah pemahaman ini tercermin dalam tindakan sosial mereka. Implikasi dari konsep pembebasan Paulus terhadap perbudakan dapat memberikan wawasan yang mendalam tentang peran gereja awal dalam merespons isu sosial yang kompleks. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menyumbangkan pemahaman yang lebih kaya tentang kontribusi teologi Paulus terhadap etika Kristen dan perjuangan melawan ketidaksetaraan
Current Condition of the Technical – Vocational & Livelihood Education in Selected Public High Schools in Congressional District 3 of Isabela, Philippines
Authors: Alabar Mylene T. , Cristobal Ronald M. , Damian Harlyn B. , Dela Cruz Allan S. , Pinniliw Remedios L. , Malinao Client William M.
Published: February 2025

The rapidly evolving demand for paradigm shifts in Technical Vocational and Livelihood Education in the 21st century is one of the major concerns of the Department of Education. Thus, this study explores the current conditions, the challenges and intervention strategies of the public-school teachers of Technology and Livelihood Education, Technical Vocational Education and Technical Vocational Livelihood Teachers across Junior and Senior High School in selected schools in Local District 3 in Isabela, Philippines. The descriptive research design was used to answer stated objectives of the study. Using frequency and percentage distribution, findings revealed that school's learning facilities, linkages, teacher training, student skills development, employability, and stakeholder participation reveal a strong foundation in supporting TLE (Technology and Livelihood Education) and TVE (Technical-Vocational Education) programs.
In-depth insights into the antidiabetic activity of Dracaena trifasciata (Prain) Mabb. fractions and subfractions: In vitro and computational studies
Authors: Kasmawati Henny , Ruslin Ruslin , Arfan Arfan , A.Sida Nurramadhani , Wibowo Agustono , Hanafiah Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat , Yahya Mohd Fazli Mohammat
Published: February 2025

Context: Dracaena trifasciata Prain has shown potential in pharmaceutical research, particularly for its antidiabetic properties. Investigating its effects on α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition can provide insights into its role as an antidiabetic agent.
Aims: To evaluate the antidiabetic activity of the ethyl acetate fraction and subfractions from D. trifasciata against α-glucosidase through in vitro assay and analyze molecular interactions, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), toxicity, and stability through in silico studies.
Methods: An α-glucosidase enzyme assay was performed using the ethyl acetate fraction (FE), subfraction C (SC), and subfraction E (SE) at concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 µg/mL. Acarbose was used as the control. Computational docking, drug-likeness, ADME and toxicity analysis, molecular dynamics, and Molecular Mechanics, General Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) energy analysis were conducted on methyl pyrophaeophorbide A and (2S)-3',4'-methylenedioxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone from SE against α-glucosidase.
Results: At 500 µg/mL, the inhibition percentages for the FE, SC, SE, and acarbose (1 µg/mL) were 70.11%, 69.89%, 75.17%, and 72.20%, respectively. IC50 values were 170.82 µg/mL (FE), 183.47 µg/mL (SC), 74.89 µg/mL (SE), and 0.29 µg/mL (acarbose). Molecular docking showed (2S)-3',4'-methylenedioxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone interacting with α-glucosidase via hydrogen bonds with Arg552 and hydrophobic interactions with Asp232, Trp329, Asp469, Asp568, and Phe601. Although the analysis results indicate a safer ADME profile and lower toxicity for methyl pyropheophorbide A compared to (2S)-3',4'-methylenedioxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone. The (2S)-3',4'-methylenedioxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone also demonstrated good stability and favorable binding energy (-33.86 kJ/mol) compared to acarbose.
Conclusions: Subfraction E of D. trifasciata demonstrates promising antidiabetic activity through α-glucosidase inhibition, with (2S)-3',4'-methylenedioxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone showing strong binding affinity. These findings support further investigation of D. trifasciata as a potential source of novel antidiabetic agents.
A general overview on the extraction
Authors: Amal H. Mhemeed  , Mohammed Nawfal Abdul Maged  , Mohammed Nawfal Abdul Maged
Published: February 2025

To recover chemical compounds, a variety of extraction techniques have recently been devised. Extraction methods are widely used for component separation in numerous sectors and have a variety of applications. The basic principles behind several extraction methods, such as liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, solid liquid extraction, and supercritical extraction, are well explained. These include solvent selection, technique, benefits, drawbacks, and applications. Finally, a few extraction techniques are discussed, along with their applications, including Soxhlet, Pressurized Fluid, Ultrasonic, and Microwave extraction.
PROBLEMS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST PERPETRATORS OF PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF OPLOSAN IN EAST JAVA REGIONAL POLICE
Authors: Suroso Dr. Imam , Jamil Dr. , Razak M. Abdul , Ramadhina Nabila Fitra
Published: February 2025

The low purchasing power and high cost of legal alcoholic beverages in Indonesia has led to an increase in the demand for locally produced oplosan (mixed) alcoholic beverages. This phenomenon is a serious concern for law enforcement officials, particularly in the East Java Regional Police, considering the significant increase in the manufacture and distribution of oplosan. Despite this, the sale of legal alcoholic beverages remains quite common and high. This research aims to identify the various challenges faced by law enforcement in prosecuting perpetrators responsible for the production and distribution of oplosan. Using empirical research methodology and in-depth interviews with law enforcement officials at the East Java Regional Police, this research revealed significant difficulties in enforcing the law against this illegal practice. The findings of this research revealed that consuming illegal alcoholic beverages, such as oplosan, poses a high health risk to the people who consume them. Strict laws on alcohol consumption and the low price of oplosan have led to an increase in its sale. The production and distribution of oplosan is regulated by criminal law in Indonesia, with severe sanctions for violators. Despite the legislative framework aimed at protecting the public, law enforcers in the East Java Regional Police face obstacles, such as geographical factors, the common drinking culture, economic issues, and the lack of consequences for violators.
An Econometric Investigation of How the Usage of Non-Renewable Energy Resources Affects the Load Capacity Factor in the United States
Authors: Atasoy Filiz Guneysu , Atasoy Murat , Raihan Asif , Khayruzzaman  , Ridwan Mohammad , Tanchangya Tipon , Rahman Junaid , Rahman Md. Shoaibur , Foisal Md. Zia Uddin , Mohajan Babla , Islam Samanta , Paul Arindrajit , Jubayed Abdullah Al
Published: February 2025

A substantial body of studies exists regarding the consequences of significant non-renewable energy usage on ecosystem health. Nonetheless, a research deficit exists in examining the nexus within the United States by utilizing the load capacity factor (LCF) as an indicator of environmental sustainability. The current study addresses the identified research gap by employing the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method to examine the influences of non-renewable energy use on the environmental condition of the United States, utilizing data from 1965 to 2022. This analysis delivers a deeper understanding of the long-term impacts of coal, gas, oil, and nuclear utilization on the LCF, considering the United States' significant dependence on energy derived from non-renewable energy resources. The analysis of the ARDL model reveals that a 1% rise in coal, gas, and oil adoption results in a long-term reduction of LCF of 0.14%, 0.12%, and 0.16%, respectively, and a short-term reduction of 0.12%, 0.08%, and 0.10%. However, a 1% increase in nuclear energy usage would enhance LCF by 0.02% in the short term and 0.13% in the long term. This study advocates for the increased adoption of nuclear energy through the gradual diminishment of coal, oil, and gas usage to enhance the sustainability of natural health in the United States while taking into account the social and economic ramifications of transitioning from fossil fuels.
Nexus Between Financial Development and Renewable Energy Usage in Bangladesh
Authors: Tanchangya Tipon , Ridwan Mohammad , Raihan Asif , Khayruzzaman  , Rahman Md. Shoaibur , Rahman Junaid , Foisal Md. Zia Uddin , Mohajan Babla , Paul Arindrajit , Rafi Azizul Hakim , Islam Samanta
Published: February 2025

Utilizing renewable energy is a method to reduce climate change and address the energy sector crisis in Bangladesh. Nonetheless, the progress of the renewable energy sector depends on monetary expansion, the accessibility of financial assets, and energy costs. This study examined the short- and long-term effects of financial development on green energy usage, accounting for energy pricing and GDP expansion. In accordance with the paper's objective, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach was utilized, employing data from 1990 to 2021. The results demonstrated that financial development promotes clean power utilization in Bangladesh, but energy expenses and economic growth exert a detrimental impact. This study significantly contributes to renewable energy literature and facilitates policymakers in exploring alternate energy supplies to meet the country’s increasing electricity demands.
The Influences of Financial Development, Economic Growth, Energy Price, and Foreign Direct Investment on Renewable Energy Consumption in The BRICS
Authors: Islam Samanta , Raihan Asif , Ridwan Mohammad , Rahman Md. Shoaibur , Paul Arindrajit , Karmakar Sourav , Paul Pramila , Tanchangya Tipon , Rahman Junaid , Jubayed Abdullah Al
Published: February 2025

This study seeks to look into the effects of financial development, economic growth, consumer price index (CPI), and foreign direct investment (FDI) on renewable energy utilization. The investigation applied the panel dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) methodology by using yearly time-series data from 1990 to 2022 for the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). The empirical results show an upward trend involving financial development and the use of renewable energy, suggesting that financial development precedes the uptake of renewable energy. In a similar vein, there are noteworthy positive associations found between the CPI and economic growth when renewable energy is used. Furthermore, a surprising link between direct investment and the use of renewable energy is also revealed by our research. These findings offer insightful information about the factors influencing the use of renewable energy in the BRICS nations. From a policy standpoint, the results support the implementation of policies that encourage the uptake of clean technology in conjunction with strong efforts to promote the adoption and exploitation of renewable energy sources. Such actions can promote economic expansion and help the BRICS economies meet their sustainability and low-carbon commitments. The adoption of renewable energy in the examined bloc can be made even more cost-effective by taking practical measures, such as feed-in tariffs and subsidies. By providing evidence-based insights, this study advances the worldwide fight against climate change and the quest for affordable and sustainable energy.
Analyzing the Mediating Role of Corporate Environmental Proactiveness in the Association between Environmental Orientation and GSCM: A Deductive Research Approach
Authors: Ampong Afoakwah Emmanuel
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to examine the mediating role of corporate environmental proactiveness in the association between environmental orientation and GSCM, with findings indicating that corporations and firms' proactiveness in achieving environmental sustainability contributes to improvements in their environmental orientation and GSCM; the analysis, conducted with a sample size of 50 firms using Smart PLS software, revealed that the mediating role of corporate environmental proactiveness enhances a company's ability to implement GSCM, suggesting that firms must take significant steps such as decreasing greenhouse gas emissions, generating less waste, using less energy and water, and promoting sustainable business practices throughout their supply chain; moreover, the results affirmed that environmental proactiveness holds significance as it provides financial and environmental advantages, implying that companies adopting a proactive approach to environmental sustainability can lower operational costs by using less energy, producing less trash, and utilizing resources more effectively.
EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA E DIREITOS HUMANOS: ANÁLISE DAS PERSPECTIVAS LEGISLATIVAS
Authors: Kliemann Carmen Frantz , Teixeira Telma Alves , Machado Sandra Aparecida
Published: February 2025

Respect for human rights is fundamental to building an inclusive and fair society, where everyone can fully enjoy their rights and freedoms. In the context of people with disabilities, human rights legislation plays an essential role in ensuring opportunities and active participation in society. Recognition of diversity by educational institutions is essential for all students to feel included. The objective of the study was to analyze aspects of legislation on the rights of people with disabilities in the context of education to point out researchers' perceptions about the current situation of inclusive education in Brazil. The study started from mapping of publications by Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) from 2015 to 2023, a period that coincides with the enactment of Law 13.146, also known as the Statute of Persons with Disabilities. The research methodology is bibliographic in nature, of a literature review type, and of an exploratory and descriptive nature. The search used as descriptors "Human Rights", "Inclusive Education" and "Legislation", which resulted in the identification of 130 theses and dissertations. From them, eight were selected for detailed analysis. The research analyses indicated that, despite legal guarantees and public policies aimed at inclusion, people with disabilities still face significant barriers that prevent the full enjoyment of their rights, especially in the field of education.
Tradition trifft auf Moderne
Authors: Matejka Gunther
Published: February 2025

Das Münchner Prinzregententheater hat für die Kronleuchter im Zuschauerraum den Umstieg von Halogen auf moderne LED-Technik vollzogen – und dennoch den Charme konventioneller Beleuchtungsanmutung beibehalten können.

von Gunther Matejka
Ombra
Authors: McClelland Clive
Published: February 2025

Ombra is the term which applies to an operatic scene involving the appearance of an oracle or demon, witches, or ghosts. Such scenes can be traced back to the early days of opera and were commonplace in the seventeenth century in Italy and France. Operas based on the legends of Orpheus, Iphigenia, and Alcestis provide numerous examples of ombra and extend well into the eighteenth century.

Clive McClelland's Ombra: Supernatural Music in the Eighteenth Century is an in-depth examination of ombra and is many influences on classical music performance. McClelland reveals that ombra scenes proved popular with audiences not only because of the special stage effects employed, but also due to increasing use of awe-inspiring musical effects. By the end of the eighteenth century the scenes had come to be associated with an elaborate set of musical features including slow, sustained writing, the use of flat keys, angular melodic lines, chromaticism and dissonance, dotted rhythms and syncopation, tremolando effects, unexpected harmonic progressions, and unusual instrumentation, especially involving trombones. It is clearly distinct from other styles that exhibit some of these characteristics, such as the so-called 'Sturm und Drang' or 'Fantasia.' Futhermore, parallels can be drawn between these features and Edmund Burke's 'sublime of terror,' thus placing ombra music on an important position in the context of eighteenth-century aesthetic theory.
An Exemplary Whig
Authors: Gold David M.
Published: February 2025

Historians have paid surprisingly little attention to state-level political leaders and judges. Edward Kent (1802–77) was both. He served three terms as a state legislator, two as mayor of Bangor, two as governor, and two as a judge of the state supreme court. He represented Maine in the negotiations that resolved the long-running northeastern border dispute between the United States and Great Britain and served for four years as the American consul in Rio de Janeiro. The foremost Whig in Maine state politics and later a Republican judge, Kent articulated classic Whig political views and carried them forward into his Whig-Republican jurisprudence.

In examining Kent's career as Maine's quintessential Whig, An Exemplary Whig reveals his characteristically conservative Whig outlook, including an aversion toward disorder and a deep respect for law, for existing institutions, and for the wisdom of experience. Kent brought his conservative disposition into the Republican Party. He had no use for radical abolitionism, preferring moderation and compromise to measures that endangered social order or the integrity of the Union. Kent saw the "slave power," not abolitionism, as the disrupter of the Union, and he urged the “fusion” of all antislavery elements into a new Republican party.

In 1859, Maine's Republican governor appointed Kent to the state supreme court. During his fourteen-year tenure, Kent adopted a Whiggish jurisprudence, pragmatic and commonsensical, and displayed a reverence for the common law and a distrust of “theoretic speculation.” After his retirement, he chaired a constitutional revision commission, admonishing his fellow commissioners to bear in mind the “practical wisdom” that kept dangerous innovation in check.

As a politician during the Jacksonian era, Kent exemplified Whig leadership at the local and state levels. In his jurisprudence, he carried the Whig persuasion into the Republican ascendancy and the beginnings of the Gilded Age.
Bush's War
Authors: Kuypers Jim A.
Published: February 2025

Immediately after the attacks of September 11, 2001, Americans looked to President Bush for words of leadership. In his most formal reply of the day, he said, 'Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts. The victims were in airplanes, or in their offices; secretaries, businessmen and women, military and federal workers; moms and dads, friends and neighbors. Thousands of lives were suddenly ended by evil, despicable acts of terror.' The stark tone of Bush's speech suggested the promise of more words to come from the president, and it is these words that Bush's War addresses. While many books have offered a take on the attacks of 9/11 and their impact upon American society, one area has been comparatively ignored: presidential justifications for war in the age of terrorism. Specifically, what did President Bush say to justify American military actions in the postD9/11 world? And how did the public hear what he said, especially as it was filtered through the news media? The eloquent and thoughtful Bush's War shows how public perception of what the president says is shaped by media bias. Jim A. Kuypers compares Bush's statements with press coverage, arguing that the nature of American public knowledge concerning our role in the world has been changed_not by 9/11, but by the subsequent argumentative back-and-forth between Bush and the press.
Spirited Encounters
Authors: Cooper Karen Coody
Published: February 2025

During the twentieth century, dozens of protests, large and small, occurred across North America as American Indians asserted their anger and displayed their disappointment regarding traditional museum behaviors. In response, due to public embarrassment and an awakening of sensitivities, museums began to change their methods and, additionally, laws were enacted in support of American Indian requests for change. The result is that American museums have revised their long-held practices due to American Indian protests. Spirited Encounters provides a foundation for understanding museums and looks at their development to present time, examines how museums collect Native materials, and explores protest as a fully American process of addressing grievances. Now that museums and American Indians are working together in the processes of repatriation, this book can help each side understand the other more fully.
Not Far Away
Authors: Beard Steve
Published: February 2025

In Not Far Away, a semi-fictional memoir, Lois Beardslee gives a chilling acount of racism, particularly that leveled against Native women, in language that is supple, evocative, often comical, and always incisive. Her fictional heroine, the teacher Ima Pipiig (pronounced 'buh-BEEG'), endures humiliating insults from school administrators, fellow teachers, students, and callous neighbors. For years, she suffers in silence, believing that opposing bigotry would only fuel its caustic flames—but then she begins to speak out. Scattered among the chapters chronicling Ima's experiences are essays and speeches written by the author herself, blurring the line between fiction and fact and creating a kind of resounding echo of resistance that is the author's response to racism.
Torch Singing
Authors: Holman Jones Stacy
Published: February 2025

In this innovative book, Stacy Holman Jones presents torch singing as a much more complicated phenomenon than the familiar trope of a woman lamenting her victimhood. With an ethnographer's eye, she observes the bluesy torch singers, asking if they are possibly performing critiques of the very lyrics they sing. From this perspective, we see the singer giving expression not not only to desire but also to an incipient determination to resist and change. Holman Jones also reveals points of contact in the opposition between spectators and performers, emotion and intellect, and love and power. Instead of interpreting the expression of love as a woman's violent mistake—as willing deception and passive fate—Holman Jones allows us to hear an active search for hope.
Sex, Discrimination, and Violence
Authors: Kershnar Stephen
Published: February 2025

Sex, Discrimination, and Violence is about how the systematic application of some basic principles of applied ethics yields some surprising and very unpopular results. In particular, Stephen Kershnar investigates three areas: sex, discrimination, and violence. In his discussion of sex, he concludes that adult-child sex is not always wrong and that it is not clear that watching rape pornography is bad for the viewer. When discussing discrimination, Kershnar argues for the following startling conclusions: persons of different races on average differ in their value, professional schools may and probably should discriminate against women, and equal opportunity is not worth pursuing. In his discussion of violence, he contends that in some cases governments are morally permitted to use torture in order to interrogate suspected terrorists and may assassinate foreign leaders. These controversial conclusions will no doubt spur animated and thoughtful discussion amongst readers.
Cyber-Risikomanagement in der GmbH
Authors: Potthoff Pascal
Published: February 2025

In an increasingly digital world, cyber risks are among the greatest threats to entrepreneurial activity, the identification and management of which is one of the core organizational tasks of the managing director. The complex process of risk management is explained using the example of cyber risks, whereby the practical need for a legally compliant guideline is met by defining minimum requirements for technical and organizational precautionary measures. The work argues for a limitation of directors' and officers' liability and justifies this with the organization-specific characteristics of the GmbH and a legal analogy to the limitations of liability under employment law.