bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial cohesion of adult male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Eckhardt Nadin , Polansky Leo , Boesch Christophe
Published: September 2014

Group living animals can exhibit fission–fusion behavior whereby individuals temporarily separate to reduce the costs of living in large groups. Primates living in groups with fission–fusion dynamics face numerous challenges in maintaining spatial cohesion, especially in environments with limited visibility. Here we investigated the spatial cohesion of adult male chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes verus)living in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire, to better understand the mechanisms by which individuals maintain group cohesion during fission–fusion events. Over a 3‐year period, we simultaneously tracked the movements of 2–4 males for 4–12 hr on up to 12 consecutive days using handheld GPS devices that recorded locations at one‐minute intervals. Analyses of the male's inter‐individual distance (IID) showed that the maximum, median, and mean IID values across all observations were 7.2 km, 73 m, and 483 m, respectively. These males (a) had maximum daily IID values below the limits of auditory communication (<1 km) for 63% of the observation time, (b) remained out of visual range (≥100 m) for 46% of observation time, and (c) remained within auditory range for 70% of the time when they were in different parties. We compared the observed distribution of IIDs with a random distribution obtained from permutations of the individuals' travel paths using Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests. Observation IID values were significantly smaller than those generated by the permutation procedure. We conclude that these male chimpanzees actively maintain cohesion when out of sight, and that auditory communication is one likely mechanism by which they do so. We discuss mechanisms by which chimpanzees may maintain the level of cohesion observed. This study provides a first analysis of spatial group cohesion over large distances in forest chimpanzees using high‐resolution tracking, and illustrates the utility of such data for quantifying socio‐ecological processes in primate ecology. Am. J. Primatol. 77:125–134, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanical, water absorption, and morphology of recycled polymer blend rice husk flour biocomposites
Authors: Chen Ruey Shan , Ab Ghani Mohd Hafizuddin , Salleh Mohd Nazry , Ahmad Sahrim , Tarawneh Mou'ad A.
Published: September 2014

Rice husk flour (RHF) biocomposites based on uncompatibilized and compatibilized recycled high density polyethylene/recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rHDPE/rPET) with ethylene‐glycidyl methacrylate (E‐GMA) copolymer were prepared through a two‐step extrusion and hot pressing with fiber loadings of 40, 60, and 80 wt %. Results showed that tensile and flexural properties increased. However, the elongation to break and impact strength decreased as the RHF loading increased. Compatibilizing polymer blend matrices can further enhance the mechanical properties. Water absorption (WA) test were examined in distilled and seawater. It is interesting to note that for composites made from uncompatibilized matrix, the calculated D and KSR were lower in seawater, but for the compatibilized matrix composites, the D and KSR obtained were generally lower in distilled water. However, compatibilization of rHDPE/rPET has been markedly reduced the WA and thickness swelling. Scanning electron microscope analysis of the compatibilized matrix composites confirmed the improved interfacial bonding of matrix–matrix and filler–matrix phases. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41494.
Luminescence study and dosimetry approach of Ce on an α‐Sr2P2O7 phosphor synthesized by a high‐temperature combustion method
Authors: Patel Nimesh P. , Srinivas M. , Modi Dhaval , Vishwnath Verma , Murthy K. V. R.
Published: September 2014

We report synthesis of a cerium‐activated strontium pyrophosphate (Sr2P2O7) phosphor using a high‐temperature combustion method. Samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL). The XRD pattern reveals that Sr2P2O7 has an α‐phase with crystallization in the orthorhombic space group of Pnam. The IR spectrum of α‐Sr2P2O7 displays characteristic bands at 746 and 1190 cm‐1 corresponding to the absorption of (P2O7)‐4. PL emission spectra exhibit a broad emission band around 376 nm in the near‐UV region due to the allowed 5d–4f transition of cerium and suggest its applications in a UV light‐emitting diode (LED) source. PL also reveals that the emission originates from 5d–4f transition of Ce3+ and intensity increases with doping concentration. TL measurements made after X‐ray irradiation, manifest a single intense glow peak at around 192°C, which suggests that this is an outstanding candidate for dosimetry applications. The kinetic parameters, activation energy and frequency factor of the glow curve were calculated using different analysis methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Natural and engineered production of taxadiene with taxadiene synthase
Authors: Soliman Sameh , Tang Yi
Published: September 2014

Taxadiene synthase (TXS) is the rate‐limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of paclitaxel, an important anticancer compound. TXS catalyzes the conversion of the diterpene precursor geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) into the diterpene taxadiene. Due to the importance of taxadiene in the overall biosynthetic pathway of paclitaxel biosynthesis, the enzyme TXS has been the subject of intense scientific and engineering investigations. The crystal structure of TXS was recently elucidated, thereby providing an atomic blueprint for future protein engineering efforts. Metabolic engineering of TXS for taxadiene product in different microbial and plant organisms have also been extensively performed, culminating in the high‐titer production in Escherichia coli. Additional aspects of taxadiene production by TXS will be discussed in the review, including metabolic regulation in native host and possible production by endophytic fungal hosts. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 229–235. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The path from childhood behavioural disorders to felony offending: Investigating the role of adolescent drinking, peer marginalisation and school failure
Authors: Savolainen Jukka , Mason W. Alex , Bolen Jonathan D. , Chmelka Mary B. , Hurtig Tuula , Ebeling Hanna , Nordström Tanja , Taanila Anja
Published: September 2014

Background

Although a pathway from childhood behavioural disorders to criminal offending is well established, the aetiological processes remain poorly understood. Also, it is not clear if attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is predictive of crime in the absence of comorbid disruptive behaviour disorder (DBD).

Hypothesis

We examined two research questions: (1) Does ADHD have a unique effect on the risk of criminal offending, independently of DBD? (2) Is the effect of childhood behavioural disorders on criminal offending direct or mediated by adolescent processes related to school experience, substance misuse and peers?

Method

Structural equation modelling, with latent variables, was applied to longitudinally collected data on 4644 men from the 1986 Northern Finland Birth Cohort Study.

Results

Both ADHD and DBD separately predicted felony conviction risk. Most of these effects were mediated by adolescent alcohol use and low academic performance. The effect of DBD was stronger and included a direct pathway to criminal offending.

Conclusion

Findings were more consistent with the life course mediation hypothesis of pathways into crime than the behavioural continuity path, in that the effects of each disorder category were mediated by heavy drinking and educational failure. Preventing these adolescent risk outcomes may be an effective approach to closing pathways to criminal behaviour amongst behaviourally disordered children. However, as there was some evidence of a direct pathway from DBD, effective treatments targeting this disorder are also expected to reduce criminal offending. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuroimaging patterns of ischemic stroke after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Hoffman Scott J. , Yee Alan H. , Slusser Joshua P. , Rihal Charanjit S. , Holmes David R. , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Gulati Rajiv
Published: September 2014

Objectives

We sought to determine neuroimaging patterns, ischemic mechanisms, and functional outcomes of ischemic stroke related to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) over a 16‐year period. Background: Stroke is a feared complication of PCI, associated with poor patient outcomes. The majority of strokes that occur after PCI are ischemic rather than hemorrhagic. However, mechanisms of cerebral ischemia in this setting are incompletely understood.

Methods

We performed a retrospective single‐center cohort study of patients with radiologically confirmed ischemic stroke occurring after PCI (PCI‐stroke), between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 2009. Using brain imaging, infarctions were subclassified by radiological pattern and arterial territory as embolic, small subcortical, or hemodynamic. Modified Rankin Scale scores were used to assess functional outcome at 3 and 6 months.

Results

Radiologically confirmed PCI‐stroke was identified in 35 patients. The majority of strokes (91%) revealed an embolic pattern, while the remaining strokes were small subcortical infarctions (9%). Watershed strokes with exclusive borderzone involvement, indicative of a hemodynamic mechanism, were not identified, despite the presence of periprocedural hypotension in 23% of patients. The middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory was affected most frequently (80%), and all patients suffering a complete MCA territorial infarction (14%) died in the hospital. Functional outcome among survivors of PCI‐stroke was typically favorable in those who had single rather than multiple vascular territory involvement.

Conclusions

The vast majority of radiologically confirmed ischemic strokes related to PCI are embolic. MCA territory strokes are most common and uniformly fatal when the entire MCA territory is affected. Functional outcomes in survivors of PCI‐stroke are improved when only a single arterial territory is affected. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: New Intermetallic Zinc Compounds with Ordering Variants of the KHg2 and LT‐SrZn5 Type.
Authors: Schwickert Christian , Poettgen Rainer
Published: September 2014

The new intermetallic compounds CaAu1.02Zn0.98, SrPdZn, SrPtZn, SrAu1.03Zn0.97, BaPd1.57Zn3.43, and BaAu1.41Zn3.59 are synthesized from the elements in an induction furnace (Nb ampules, 1300 K for 2 h and 950 K for 96 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (CuInS2)0.5(ZnS)0.5 Alloy Nanocrystals and Their Use for the Fabrication of Solar Cells via Selenization.
Authors: Graeser Brian K. , Hages Charles J. , Yang Wei Chang , Carter Nathaniel J. , Miskin Caleb K. , Stach Eric A. , Agrawal Rakesh
Published: September 2014

Nanocrystalline (CuInS2)0.5(ZnS)0.5 is prepared by hot injecting stoichiometric amounts of a solution of Cu(acac)2, In(acac)3, and Zn(acac)2 in oleylamine and an oleylamine solution of S into a preheated reaction vessel also containing oleylamine (250 °C, 15 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Alternating Misfit Layered Transition/Alkaline Earth Metal Chalcogenide Ca3Co4O9 as a New Class of Chalcogenide Materials for Hydrogen Evolution.
Authors: Lim Chee Shan , Chua Chun Kiang , Sofer Zdenek , Jankovsk� Ondrej , Pumera Martin
Published: September 2014

The misfit layered mixed oxide Ca3Co4O9 is prepared by calcining a mixture of CaCO3 and Co2O3 (850 and 900 °C, 1 d each) followed by epicyclic milling and final sintering in O2 (Pt crucible, 940 °C, 100 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A Metallic Room‐Temperature Oxide Ion Conductor.
Authors: Heise Martin , Rasche Bertold , Isaeva Anna , Baranov Alexey I. , Ruck Michael , Schaefer Konrad , Poettgen Rainer , Eufinger Jens‐Peter , Janek Juergen
Published: September 2014

Nanoparticles of Bi3Ir are prepared from mixtures of Bi(NO3)3 and Ir(OAc)3 dissolved in ethylene glycol (microwave heating, 230 °C, 30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis and Resolution of Novel 2‐(Hydroxymethyl)‐7,8‐dihydro‐1H‐indeno[5,4‐b]furan‐6(2H)‐one by Lipase Pseudomonas cepacia.
Authors: Nagarapu Lingaiah , Vulupala Hanmanth Reddy , Bantu Rajashaker , Sajja Yashodakrishna , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu
Published: September 2014

The title process allows the preparation of the acetate (III) with high enantiomeric excess.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Diels—Alder Reactions Promoted under Continuous‐Flow Conditions by Silica‐Supported Chiral Organocatalysts
Authors: Porta Riccardo , Benaglia Maurizio , Chiroli Valerio , Coccia Francesca , Puglisi Alessandra
Published: September 2014

A simple HPLC column filled with silica‐supported MacMillian catalyst works as a catalytic reactor for the Diels—Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and cinnamic aldehyde affording the cycloadducts in high yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Triflate‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Polycyclic Tertiary Alcohols by Cyclization of γ‐Allenic Ketones.
Authors: Diaf Ilhem , Lemiere Gilles , Dunach Elisabet
Published: September 2014

A facile protocol allows the cycloisomerization of cyclic four‐ and five‐membered γ‐allenic ketones to produce bicyclic alcohols under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Selective N‐Allylation of Anilines under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Liu Meiyu , Wang Xie , Sun Xiaoliang , He Wei
Published: September 2014

Depending on stoichiometry, microwave power and conditions, either mono‐ or bis‐allylated anilines are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes Based on a One‐Pot Phase‐Switch Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling of Primary Alcohols.
Authors: Mura Manuel G. , De Luca Lidia , Taddei Maurizio , Williams Jonathan M. J. , Porcheddu Andrea
Published: September 2014

A microwave‐promoted and Ru‐catalyzed procedure is developed to couple two different primary alcohols of type (I) and (II) to yield α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Process for Palladium Catalyzed Direct C—H Acylation of Anilines in Water Using a Removable ortho Directing Group.
Authors: Szabo Fruzsina , Simko Daniel , Novak Zoltan
Published: September 2014

Comparison of the three step one‐pot process with the reaction sequence with full isolation of the reaction intermediates discloses comparable overall yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Ireland—Claisen Rearrangements of Substituted Allyl β‐Amino Esters: Applications in the Asymmetric Synthesis of C(5)‐Substituted Transpentacins.
Authors: Davies Stephen G. , Fletcher Ai M. , Lee James A. , Roberts Paul M. , Souleymanou Myriam Y. , Thomson James E. , Zammit Charlotte M.
Published: September 2014

Enantiopure α‐substituted β‐amino acids are prepared by diastereoselective Ireland—Claisen rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Amide Synthesis by Nucleophilic Attack of Vinyl Azides.
Authors: Zhang Feng‐Lian , Wang Yi‐Feng , Lonca Geoffroy Herve , Zhu Xu , Chiba Shunsuke
Published: September 2014

The enamine‐type vinyl azides attack carbon electrophiles such as imines (II), aldehydes (IV), and carbocations, which are generated in situ from alcohols (XV) in the presence of BF3·OEt2.
ChemInform Abstract: Revealing the Metal‐Like Behavior of Iodine: An Iodide‐Catalyzed Radical Oxidative Alkenylation.
Authors: Tang Shan , Wu Yong , Liao Wenqing , Bai Ruopeng , Liu Chao , Lei Aiwen
Published: September 2014

Sulfonyl hydrazides and sulfinates undergo alkenylation in presence of potassium iodide and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Simultaneous Deprotection—Oxidation of Cyclic Hemiacetals: A Fine Ending for a Ueno—Stork ATRC to Dichloro‐γ‐lactones.
Authors: Roncaglia Fabrizio , Ghelfi Franco , Felluga Fulvia , Poppi Valentina
Published: September 2014

The efficiency of the Boc‐protecting group in the cyclization of O‐allyl dichloroacetals to lactols and subsequent hydrolysis/oxidation to functionalized γ‐lactones (III)/(IV) is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Aminocyanation of Alkenes by N—CN Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Pan Zhongda , Pound Sarah M. , Rondla Naveen R. , Douglas Christopher J.
Published: September 2014

Geminal substitution of the alkene is required for the reaction since the allyl substrate does not react.
ChemInform Abstract: Merging Gold and Organocatalysis: A Facile Asymmetric Synthesis of Annulated Pyrroles.
Authors: Hack Daniel , Loh Charles C. J. , Hartmann Jan M. , Raabe Gerhard , Enders Dieter
Published: September 2014

A new and mild method to prepare optically active seven‐membered‐ring‐annulated pyrroles is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Staudinger Condensation for the Preparation of Thiohydantoins.
Authors: Gosling Sandrine , El Amri Chahrazade , Tatibouet Arnaud
Published: September 2014

This efficient one‐pot protocol is limited to primary azides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Photophysical, and Electrochemical Properties of 2,5‐Diaryl‐indolizines.
Authors: Amaral Monica F. Z. J. , Deliberto Laila A. , de Souza Camila R. , Naal Rose M. Z. G. , Naal Zeki , Clososki Giuliano C.
Published: September 2014

Pd‐catalyzed cross coupling of organozinc reagents prepared from 2‐arylindolizines with aromatic halides affords 2,5‐diarylindolizines in good yields
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel 3,10‐Di‐3‐methyl‐5‐ [(E)‐2‐aryl‐1‐ethenyl]‐4‐isoxazolyl‐4,9‐diaryl‐2,3,4,9,10,11‐hexahydro [1,3]oxazino[6′,5′:3,4]naphtho[1,2‐e][1,3]oxazines.
Authors: Rajanarendar E. , Nagaraju D. , Ramakrishna S. , Kishore B.
Published: September 2014

9 Title compounds of type (VI) are prepared and screened for their antimicrobial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: An Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieve with 36 Crystallographically Distinct Tetrahedral Sites.
Authors: Lee Jun Kyu , Turrina Alessandro , Zhu Liangkui , Seo Seungwan , Zhang Daliang , Cox Paul A. , Wright Paul A. , Qiu Shilun , Hong Suk Bong
Published: September 2014

A new medium‐pore aluminophosphate molecular sieve, [Al72P72O288] (PST‐6), is synthesized from a mixture of NHEt2, Al2O3, P2O5 and H2O (2:1:1:40; autoclave, 200 °C, 5 d) followed by calcination under flowing air at 550 °C for 8 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Anion Induced Capsular Self‐Assemblies
Authors: Dutta Ranjan , Ghosh Pradyut
Published: September 2014

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Strength and High‐Ductility Nanostructured and Amorphous Metallic Materials
Authors: Kou Hongning , Lu Jian , Li Ying
Published: September 2014

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances on the Synthesis of Chalcones with Antimicrobial Activities: A Brief Review
Authors: Ritter Marina , Mastelari Martins Rosiane , Dias Daiane , Pereira Claudio M. P.
Published: September 2014

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: K10 Montmorillonite Clays as Environmentally Benign Catalysts for Organic Reactions
Authors: Kumar Basuvaraj Suresh , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Pitchumani Kasi
Published: September 2014

Review: 169 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Protein‐Based Supramolecular Polymers: Progress and Prospect
Authors: Luo Quan , Dong Zeyuan , Hou Chunxi , Liu Junqiu
Published: September 2014

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Reagents for Detecting Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Barzegar Amiri Olia Mina , Schiesser Carl H. , Taylor Michelle K.
Published: September 2014

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cinchona Alkaloid‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Carbon‐Carbon Bond Forming Reactions
Authors: Babu Srinivasarao A. , Anand Ramasamy V. , Ramasastry Sripada S. V.
Published: September 2014

Review: 144 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Applications of Carbohydrate‐Derived Macrocyclic Compounds
Authors: Xie Juan , Bogliotti Nicolas
Published: September 2014

Review: 201 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Arene‐Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Hydrophilic P‐Donor Ligands: Versatile Catalysts in Aqueous Media
Authors: Crochet Pascale , Cadierno Victorio
Published: September 2014

Review: 151 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐catalyzed Oxidative Double Bond Cleavage of Simple and Bio‐Derived Alkenes and Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Spannring Peter , Bruijnincx Pieter C. A. , Weckhuysen Bert. M. , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M.
Published: September 2014

Review: 129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Surface Engineering of ZnO Nanostructures for Semiconductor‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Jun , Chen Zhenhua , Zapien Juan Antonio , Lee Chun‐Sing , Zhang Wenjun
Published: September 2014

Review: 277 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Quantum Theory of Magnetic Nanostructures Opens New Routes to Magnetic Material Design
Authors: Dorantes‐Davila J. , Pastor G. M.
Published: September 2014

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Zethrenes, Extended P‐Quinodimethanes, and Periacenes with a Singlet Biradical Ground State
Authors: Sun Zhe , Zeng Zebing , Wu Jishan
Published: September 2014

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Applications of Carbon Nanotube Sorbents in Analytical Chemistry
Authors: Socas‐Rodriguez Barbara , Herrera‐Herrera Antonio V. , Asensio‐Ramos Maria , Hernandez‐Borges Javier
Published: September 2014

Review: 273 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tailoring of Deep‐Red Luminescence in Ca2SiO4:Eu2+.
Authors: Sato Yasushi , Kato Hideki , Kobayashi Makoto , Masaki Takaki , Yoon Dae‐Ho , Kakihana Masato
Published: September 2014

Polycrystalline Ca2‐xEuxSiO4 powders (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) are synthesized by solid state reaction of CaCO3, Eu2O3, and SiO2, which are calcined at 800—1100 °C in air for 6—12 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Searching for “LiCrIIPO4”.
Authors: Mosymow E. , Glaum R. , Kremer R. K.
Published: September 2014

The new compounds LiCrII4(PO4)3 (I) and Li5CrII2CrIII (PO4)4 (II) in the Li/Cr/P/O system are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of Li3PO4, CrPO4, and Cr using iodine as mineralizer (sealed silica tubes, 800 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Two Quaternary Uranium Tellurides, RbTiU3Te9 and CsTiU3Te9.
Authors: Ward Matthew D. , Mesbah Adel , Lee Minseong , Malliakas Christos D. , Choi Eun Sang , Ibers James A.
Published: September 2014

Black crystals of the title compounds are prepared by solid state reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cation Exchange in a 3D Perovskite — Synthesis of Ni0.5TaO3.
Authors: Amano Patino Midori , Smith Thomas , Zhang Weiguo , Halasyamani P. Shiv , Hayward Michael A.
Published: September 2014

The metastable title phase is prepared via a topochemical nickel‐for‐sodium cation exchange by reaction of NiCl2 with NaTaO3 (obtained from Na2CO3 and Ta2O5 at 1000 °C for 48 h) at 500 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Dual Visible Light Photoredox and Gold‐Catalyzed Arylative Ring Expansion.
Authors: Shu Xing‐zhong , Zhang Miao , He Ying , Frei Heinz , Toste F. Dean
Published: September 2014

A tandem ring expansion/oxidation arylation reaction of small sized ring substituted alkenes and allenes are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Reusable Oxidation Catalysis Using Metal‐Monocatecholato Species in a Robust Metal—Organic Framework.
Authors: Fei Honghan , Shin JaeWook , Meng Ying Shirley , Adelhardt Mario , Sutter Joerg , Meyer Karsten , Cohen Seth M.
Published: September 2014

UiO‐66 metal‐organic framework, modified with catechol‐substructures and metalated with Cr provides an efficient, completely recyclable and reusable catalyst for oxidation of alcohols to ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Thio‐Michael—Aldol—Cyclization Cascade of N‐Enoyl Thiazolidinethiones with Aliphatic Aldehydes and Cyclic Ketones.
Authors: Rivas Veronica M. , Munive Laura , Olivo Horacio F.
Published: September 2014

Cascade reaction provides 9‐oxa‐2,10‐dithia‐5‐azatricyclo[5.2.2.01,5]undecan‐6‐ones with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Chelation‐Assisted C—H Bond Halogenation: Selective Chlorination of 2‐Arylpyridines with Acid Chlorides.
Authors: Jafarpour Farnaz , Hazrati Hamideh , Zarei Samaneh , Izadidana Sara
Published: September 2014

Regioselective monochlorination of phenylpyridine is carried out with acid chlorides as a safe halogen source.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Alkyl Transfer from Phosphonium Ylides to Functionalized Polyfluoroarenes.
Authors: Lu Wei , Gao Juan , Yang Jing‐Kui , Liu Lei , Zhao Yuliang , Wu Hai‐Chen
Published: September 2014

The regioselective alkyl transfer reaction is further applied in the synthesis of the pesticide tefluthrin (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Arylation of Unactivated C(sp3)—H Bonds with Aryl Bromides Enabled by 8‐Aminoquinoline Auxiliary.
Authors: Wei Yu , Tang Huarong , Cong Xuefeng , Rao Bin , Wu Chao , Zeng Xiaoming
Published: September 2014

The title reaction is promoted by a crucial 8‐aminoquinolinyl directing group and a K2CO3 base, enabling regiospecific arylation at the β‐position of carboxamides.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Stereoselective Synthesis of (2Z,4Z,6Z,8Z)‐Decatetraene Diketone from Pyrylium Salts.
Authors: Yang Lijian , Ye Junwei , Gao Yuan , Deng Dai , Lin Yuan , Ning Guiling
Published: September 2014

Treatment of α‐active pyrylium salts like (Ia), (Ib), and (III) as well as the pentaphenyl analogue (Ic) with Mg results in facile, stereoselective formation of title diketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Alkynylation of N‐Vinylacetamides.
Authors: Xu Yun‐He , Zhang Qiu‐Chi , He Tao , Meng Fei‐Fan , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: September 2014

Various N‐vinylacetamides undergo Pd‐catalyzed coupling with bromoalkyne (II) to afford the corresponding alkynylated products in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Organocatalytic Enantioselective Michael—Michael—Aldol—Henry Reaction Cascade. A Facile Entry to the Steroid System with Six Contiguous Stereogenic Centers.
Authors: Jhuo Dai‐Huei , Hong Bor‐Cherng , Chang Chun‐Wei , Lee Gene‐Hsiang
Published: September 2014

A double Michael reaction of the α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde (I) with the unsaturated ketones produces a diastereomeric mixture of bicyclic nitroketones (III), which can be converted by subsequent Aldol/Henry reaction cascade to steroid type products (IV) in a one‐pot manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Parallel Synthesis of Benzofuran‐2‐carboxamide Derivatives Bearing Antiinflammatory, Analgesic and Antipyretic Agents.
Authors: Xie Yong‐Sheng , Kumar Deepak , Bodduri V.D. Vijaykumar , Tarani P. Srivastava , Zhao Bao‐Xiang , Miao Jun‐Ying , Jang Kiwan , Shin Dong‐Soo
Published: September 2014

Microwave assisted reactions of 2‐acylphenols and 2‐chloroacetyl amines allow the synthesis of the title species via an O‐alkylation/Knoevenagel condensation sequence in a one‐pot manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Homocoupling of Furans and Thiophenes Using Oxygen as the Oxidant.
Authors: Li Na‐Na , Zhang Yan‐Lei , Mao Shuai , Gao Ya‐Ru , Guo Dong‐Dong , Wang Yong‐Qiang
Published: September 2014

The novel protocol allows the highly regioselective synthesis of bifurans and bithiophenes in moderate to good yields under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrroloindolone Synthesis via a Cp*CoIII‐Catalyzed Redox‐Neutral Directed C—H Alkenylation/Annulation Sequence.
Authors: Ikemoto Hideya , Yoshino Tatsuhiko , Sakata Ken , Matsunaga Shigeki , Kanai Motomu
Published: September 2014

The reactivity of a Cp*CoIII catalyst is compared with related Cp*RhIII catalysts (not shown).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Homo‐1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Azomethine Ylides: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Imidazolidines.
Authors: Zhu Ren‐Yi , Wang Cong‐Shuai , Jiang Fei , Shi Feng , Tu Shu‐Jiang
Published: September 2014

Azomethine ylides undergo cycloadditions via SPINOL‐derived chiral phosphoric acid‐catalyzed pseudo four‐component reactions of aldehydes and aminomalonates, resulting in the stereoselective construction of chiral imidazolidine scaffolds with two stereogenic centers.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Ruthenium‐Catalyzed 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions Between C‐Carboalkoxy Ketonitrones and Methacrolein: Solvent Effect on Reaction Selectivity and Its Rational.
Authors: Selim Khalid B. , Martel Arnaud , Laurent Mathieu Y. , Lhoste Jerome , Py Sandrine , Dujardin Gilles
Published: September 2014

In the presence of the Ru catalyst (RUC), ketonitrones of type (I) are found to react with methacrolein with high regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: ZnCl2 Catalyzed Efficient Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole and 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole.
Authors: Rahman Md. A. , Karim Mohammad R. , Arifuzzaman Md. , Siddiquee Tasneem A. , Mirza Aminul H.
Published: September 2014

ZnCl2‐mediated cyclization of dithiocarbamtes provides thiadiazoles whereas in the presence of a base of oxadiazole derivatives are formed.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc Iodide: A Mild and Efficient Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of Aminoindolizines via Sequential A3 Coupling/Cycloisomerization.
Authors: Mishra Subhajit , Bagdi Avik Kumar , Ghosh Monoranjan , Sinha Subrata , Hajra Alakananda
Published: September 2014

The title compounds (IV) are obtained by three‐component coupling of pyridine‐2‐carboxaldehyde/quinoline‐2‐carboxaldehyde (I), secondary amines (III), and terminal alkynes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Oxidative Synthesis of N‐Heterocycles from Primary Alcohols.
Authors: Zhao Dan , Zhou Yu‐Ren , Shen Qi , Li Jian‐Xin
Published: September 2014

An environmentally‐benign, iron‐catalyzed one‐pot, one‐step synthesis of N‐heterocycles via cyclization of various primary alcohols (II) with o‐aminobenzamide (I), o‐aminobenzylamine (IV), or o‐aminobenzenesulfonamide (VI) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3‐Unsaturated Glycosides and Disaccharides via Ruthenium(III) Chloride Catalyzed Ferrier Glycosylation.
Authors: Srinivas Batthula , Narasimha Gundeboina , Radha Krishna Palakodety , Kashyap Sudhir
Published: September 2014

The glycal donor reacts smoothly with several acceptors comprising different functionalities to provide unsaturated glycosides, disaccharides, and amino acid glycoconjugates in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Access to 8‐(1‐Phenyl‐ethyl)‐1,4‐dioxa‐8‐aza‐spiro[4.5]decane‐7‐carbonitrile. Application to the Asymmetric Syntheses of (+)‐Myrtine and Alkaloid (+)‐241D.
Authors: Vu Van Ha , Louafi Fadila , Girard Nicolas , Marion Ronan , Roisnel Thierry , Dorcet Vincent , Hurvois Jean‐Pierre
Published: September 2014

Electrochemical cyanation of the piperidine (I) allows effective synthesis of the α‐amino nitrile (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in the Synthesis and Transformations of Alkylidenecyclopropanes and Alkylidenecyclobutanes
Authors: Brandi Alberto , Cicchi Stefano , Cordero Franca M. , Goti Andrea
Published: September 2014

Review: 747 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cluster Catalysis: A Subtle Form of Recognition
Authors: Corma Avelino
Published: September 2014

Review: 8 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Amine‐Borane Mediated Metal‐Free Hydrogen Activation and Catalytic Hydrogenation
Authors: Sumerin Victor , Chernichenko Konstantin , Schulz Felix , Lesleka Markku , Rieger Bernhard , Repo Timo
Published: September 2014

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphines and Related P‐C Bonded Compounds
Authors: Allen D. W.
Published: September 2014

Review: 509 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Transition Metals with Three‐Membered Ring Heterocycles
Authors: Huang Chung‐Yang , Doyle Abigail G.
Published: September 2014

Review: 552 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of 2‐(Carboxymethyl)aziridine Derivatives
Authors: Callebaut Gert , Meiresonne Tamara , De Kimpe Norbert , Mangelinckx Sven
Published: September 2014

Review: 244 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Applications of Vinylaziridines and Ethynylaziridines
Authors: Ohno Hiroaki
Published: September 2014

Review: 339 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphene in Copper Catalyzed Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition Reactions: Evolution from [60]Fullerene and Carbon Nanotubes Strategies
Authors: Segura Jose L. , Salavagione Horacio J.
Published: September 2014

Review: 124 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Organization of Functional Materials in Confinement
Authors: Gentili Denis , Valle Francesco , Albonetti Cristiano , Liscio Fabiola , Cavallini Massimiliano
Published: September 2014

Review: 52 refs.
Synthesis of Porous Inorganic Hollow Fibers without Harmful Solvents
Authors: Shukla Sushumna , de Wit Patrick , Luiten‐Olieman Mieke W. J. , Kappert Emiel J. , Nijmeijer Arian , Benes Nieck E.
Published: September 2014

A route for the fabrication of porous inorganic hollow fibers with high surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio that avoids harmful solvents is presented. The approach is based on bio‐ionic gelation of an aqueous mixture of inorganic particles and sodium alginate during wet spinning. In a subsequent thermal treatment, the bio‐organic material is removed and the inorganic particles are sintered. The method is applicable to the fabrication of various inorganic fibers, including metals and ceramics. The route completely avoids the use of organic solvents, such as N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, and additives associated with the currently used fiber fabrication methods. In addition, it inherently avoids the manifestation of so‐called macro voids and allows the facile incorporation of additional metal oxides in the inorganic hollow fibers.
Positive effects of GLP‐1 receptor activation with liraglutide on pancreatic islet morphology and metabolic control in C57BL/KsJ db/db mice with degenerative diabetes
Authors: Moffett Rachel Charlotte , Patterson Steven , Irwin Nigel , Flatt Peter R.
Published: September 2014

Background

Stable glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) mimetics, such as the GLP‐1 analogue liraglutide, are approved for treatment of type 2 diabetes. GLP‐1 has a spectrum of anti‐diabetic effects that are of possible utility in the treatment of more severe forms of diabetes.

Methods

The present study has evaluated the effect of once daily liraglutide injection (25 nmol/kg bw) for 15 days on metabolic control, islet architecture, and islet morphology in C57BL/KsJ db/db mice.

Results

Liraglutide had no appreciable effects on body weight, food intake, and non‐fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. However, HbA1c was significantly (p < 0.001) decreased, and oral glucose tolerance improved in liraglutide treated db/db mice. Pancreatic insulin content was increased (p < 0.05) compared with saline controls, and the ratio of pancreatic insulin to glucagon in liraglutide mice was similar to lean mice. Although liraglutide did not alter islet number or area, the proportion of beta cells per islet was significantly increased (p < 0.05) and alpha cells decreased (p < 0.05), with normalization of islet architecture. In harmony with this, cell proliferation was significantly (p < 0.001) augmented and apoptosis reduced (p < 0.001) in liraglutide treated mice. Expression of pancreatic islet glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide immunoreactivity was observed in lean control and, particularly, liraglutide treated db/db mice, whereas control db/db mice exhibited little glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide staining.

Conclusion

These data reveal that stable GLP‐1 analogues exert important beneficial effects on pancreatic islet architecture and beta‐cell turnover, indicating that they may be useful in the treatment of severe forms of diabetes with islet degeneration. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metamorphosis in solitary ascidians
Authors: Karaiskou Anthi , Swalla Billie J. , Sasakura Yasunori , Chambon Jean‐Philippe
Published: September 2014

Embryonic and postembryonic development in ascidians have been studied for over a century, but it is only in the last 10 years that the complex molecular network involved in coordinating postlarval development and metamorphosis has started to emerge. In most ascidians, the transition from the larval to the sessile juvenile/adult stage, or metamorphosis, requires a combination of environmental and endogenous signals and is characterized by coordinated global morphogenetic changes that are initiated by the adhesion of the larvae. Cloney was the first to describe cellular events of ascidians' metamorphosis in 1978 and only recently elements of the molecular regulation of this crucial developmental step have been revealed. This review aims to present a thorough view of this crucial developmental step by combining recent molecular data to the already established cellular events. genesis 53:34–47, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydro‐climatic variability and perturbations in Mexico's north‐western temperate forests
Authors: Návar José
Published: September 2014

Climate variability and/or change control/s the local hydrologic cycle and consequently forest perturbations such as wildfires and bark beetle outbreaks. This case study addresses the following concerns: (a) the long‐term trends in precipitation, potential and actual evapotranspiration, run‐off, soil moisture content, number of wildfires, burned area, and bark beetle outbreaks and (b) the manner in which the fire occurrence, fire size, and beetle outbreaks are related to these hydrologic variables and multi‐decadal climate indices in Mexico's north‐western temperate forests. Using the daily measurements of precipitation and evaporation as well as the modelled interception loss and evapotranspiration, run‐off and soil moisture content were computed using a mass balance budget model. Mann–Kendall, linear regression, and autoregressive integrated moving averaging techniques were used to evaluate the statistical significance of monotonic trends on the first momentum for the monthly and annual time series of hydro‐climate (1945–2007), forest wildfire (1970–2012), and bark beetle infestation (1999–2012) data. The statistical analysis showed time series to be stationary in the first momentum. Recent wildfires and bark beetle population eruptions are associated with low modelled dry season soil moisture over several years. Drought spells, frosts, and pulses of high area burned, and high number of wildfires preceded acute discrete bark beetle population eruptions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rationalizing and Disrupting Fluxional Processes in Agostically Stabilized 14‐Electron Alkyliridium Hydride Complexes
Authors: Phillips Nicholas , Treasure Lucinda , Rees Nicholas H. , Tirfoin Rémi , McGrady John E. , Aldridge Simon
Published: September 2014

We have investigated the fundamental patterns of reactivity for the cationic IrIII complexes [(6‐Mes)(6‐Mes′)Ir(H)]+ and [(7‐Mes)(7‐Mes′)Ir(H)]+ [6‐Mes, 7‐Mes = ring‐expanded N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, ′ indicates that NHC is tethered through an iridium‐bound CH2 group], each of which undergoes degenerate fluxional exchange between an iridium‐bound agostic C–H bond and the discrete alkyl/hydride ligands resulting from C–H activation. A comparison between the activation parameters ΔH‡ and ΔS‡ determined by variable‐temperature NMR (VT‐NMR) spectroscopy line‐shape analysis and those obtained from DFT calculations on model systems offers a basis to discriminate between different possible exchange mechanisms, and an oxidative addition pathway gives the lowest barrier and also the best agreement between experiment and theory. The addition of neutral Lewis base donors to [(6‐Mes)(6‐Mes′)Ir(H)]+ resulted in the displacement of the weak agostic C–H···Ir interaction and the generation of static (alkyl)iridium(III) hydride complexes such as [(6‐Mes)(6‐Mes′)Ir(H)(CNtBu)2]+. The analogous carbonyl complex is more labile, with the enhanced π‐acceptor properties of the ancillary ligands leading to C–H reductive elimination and to the formation of the IrI complex [(6‐Mes)2Ir(CO)2]+, which incorporates unactivated NHC donors and has the ability to reversibly take up H2.
Sulfate Encapsulation in Supramolecular Structures from L‐Asparagine‐Derived 2,5‐Diketopiperazine Scaffolds: Anion Binding
Authors: Naini Santhosh Reddy , Lalancette Roger A. , Gorlova Olga , Ramakrishna Kallaganti V. S. , Yadav Jhillu Singh , Ranganathan Subramania
Published: September 2014

We report a new sulfate receptor, anchored onto 2,5‐diketopiperazine units, which results in the formation of two types of supramolecules; one in which the sulfate ion guest fits snugly into extended cavities and the other in which the guest is sandwiched between layers. In each case, the anion is held by six hydrogen bonds from the host. 1H NMR spectroscopic solution studies enabled the construction of Job plots, and calculation of stoichiometry and association constants. These findings are of possible significance in drug design and for construction of combinatorial libraries.
Hypervigilance for innocuous tactile stimuli in patients with fibromyalgia: An experimental approach
Authors: Van Damme S. , Van Hulle L. , Spence C. , Devulder J. , Brusselmans G. , Crombez G.
Published: September 2014

Background

Hypervigilance, i.e., excessive attention, is often invoked as a potential explanation for the observation that many individuals with fibromyalgia show a heightened sensitivity to stimulation in various sensory modalities, such as touch and hearing. Compelling evidence for this assumption is, however, lacking. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of somatosensory hypervigilance in patients with fibromyalgia.

Methods

Fibromyalgia patients (n = 41) and a matched control group (n = 40) performed a tactile change detection task in which they had to detect whether there was a change between two consecutively presented patterns of tactile stimuli presented to various body locations. The task was performed under two conditions: in the unpredictable condition, tactile changes occurred equally often at all possible body locations; in the predictable condition, the majority of tactile changes occurred at one specific body location.

Results

It was hypothesized that the fibromyalgia group would show better tactile change detection in the unpredictable condition and when changes ocurred at unexpected locations in the predictable condition. The results did not support this hypothesis. In neither condition was the fibromyalgia group better than the control group in detecting tactile changes.

Conclusions

No evidence was found to support the claim that patients with fibromyalgia display somatosensory hypervigilance. This finding challenges the idea of hypervigilance as a static feature of fibromyalgia and urges for a more dynamic view in which hypervigilance emerges in situations when bodily threat is experienced.
Too tired to taint the truth: Ego‐depletion reduces other‐benefiting dishonesty
Authors: Cantarero Katarzyna , van Tilburg Wijnand A. P.
Published: September 2014

Numerous studies indicate that ego‐depletion increases the occurrence of self‐benefiting dishonest behavior by undermining resistance to short‐term temptations associated with dishonesty. Turning this phenomenon around, we examined whether ego‐depletion can, counterintuitively, reduce dishonest behavior in a context where dishonesty serves to benefit others. Specifically, based on the notion that ego‐depletion reduces commitment to long‐term/abstract goals and interferes with self‐control, we proposed and found in an experiment that ego‐depleted people are less likely to display dishonest behavior that spares another person from an unpleasant truth. These findings have implications for the study of dishonesty and moral dilemmas in interpersonal settings. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cogasification of typical plastics and rice straw with carbon dioxide
Authors: Yang Tianhua , Hu Kemeng , Li Rundong , Sun Yang , Kai Xingping
Published: September 2014

Cogasification of high‐calorific‐value plastics with biomass can effectively improve the quality of gas production and utilize plastic waste as a resource. In this study, the gasification characteristics of rice straw with three types of typical plastics in a carbon dioxide (CO2) atmosphere were evaluated, and the relevant kinetic parameters were calculated using a thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyzer (TG/DTA). In the case of gasification of plastics only, the integral difference in TG (ΔM) showed that polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with poor thermoplasticity promoted the pyrolysis of rice straw, whereas polyethylene (PE) with good thermoplasticity hindered it. Furthermore, the effects were strengthened with increasing ratio of plastics/rice straw. In the case of cogasification of plastics and rice straw, the mass loss of mixture is higher than the linear sum of the parent fuels. The cogasification of plastics and rice straw had a synergistic effect; the plastic content had a greater effect on ΔM. In this study, all the maximal ΔM was more than 10%. The kinetic analysis showed that the synergistic effect of the plastics and rice straw reduced the activation energy of the gasification reaction. The minimal activation energies of rice straw with PE, poly(vinyl chloride), and PET in the cogasification were 32.52, 59.65, and 65.77 kJ/mol, respectively, all of which were less than the weighted summation of the individual activation energies of the plastics and rice straw. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2014 34: 789–794, 2015
Challenges and prospects of food science and technology education: Nepal's perspective
Authors: Gartaula Ghanendra , Adhikari Bhaskar Mani
Published: September 2014

Food science and technology education has been running since four decades in Nepal. There is a very slow improvement in the profession. The job opportunities have always been threatened by insiders and outsiders. Academic institutions, government agencies, and food industries themselves are responsible for the quality of food science professionals. Novel and practical methods of teaching should be followed. The government and private organizations should facilitate the recruitment of food technologists. Constant prodding needs to be done for the establishment of a Council with more authority that could monitor all bodies associated with food science professionals.