bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laminar multi-contrast fMRI at 7T allows differentiation of neuronal excitation and inhibition underlying positive and negative BOLD responses
Authors: Shao Xingfeng , Guo Fanhua , Kim JungHwan , Ress David , Zhao Chenyang , Shou Qinyang , Jann Kay , Wang Danny J.J.
Published: September 2024

A major challenge for human neuroimaging using functional MRI is the differentiation of neuronal excitation and inhibition which may induce positive and negative BOLD responses. Here, we present an innovative multi-contrast laminar functional MRI technique that offers comprehensive and quantitative imaging of neurovascular (CBF, CBV, BOLD) and metabolic (CMRO2) responses across cortical layers at 7T. This technique was first validated through a finger-tapping experiment, revealing ‘double-peak’ laminar activation patterns within the primary motor cortex. By employing a ring-shaped visual stimulus that elicited positive and negative BOLD responses, we further observed distinct neurovascular and metabolic responses across cortical layers and eccentricities in the primary visual cortex. This suggests potential feedback inhibition of neuronal activities in both superficial and deep cortical layers underlying the negative BOLD signals in the fovea, and also illustrates the neuronal activities in visual areas adjacent to the activated eccentricities.
Inorganic Compounds and Teleological Explanation in Aristotle’s Meteorology 4.12
Authors: Krizan Mary Katrina
Published: September 2024

Aristotle’s Meteorology 4.12 is puzzling, in part because the chapter appears to extend teleological explanation to include certain inorganic materials without natural biological functions, such as metals and stone. This paper examines two attempts to explain why such materials can have functions, and shows that they are problematic. As an alternative, I argue that raw inorganic materials—as well as separated parts of organisms—can have extrinsic functions. Extrinsic functions can explain why natural inorganic materials can be sorted into natural kinds, even if their functions are ultimately related to their uses in the productive arts.
Contributing to Coherent Area-Based Management Tool (ABMT) Networks in ABNJ: A Comparative Analysis of the BBNJ Agreement and ISA ABMT Processes
Authors: Robb Samantha
Published: September 2024

Against the backdrop of the United Nation’s recent adoption of the ‘BBNJ Agreement’ and the spotlight on the International Seabed Authority (ISA) regarding deep seabed mining, this article analyses area-based management tool (ABMT) provisions and processes under the BBNJ Agreement and ISA, using the draft Regional Environmental Management Plan for the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge as a specific example. It explores potential interactions between the BBNJ Agreement and the ISA, and compares their ABMT processes, to understand how they could contribute to creating coherent ABMT networks in areas beyond national jurisdiction. It considers how the BBNJ Agreement’s objective for international cooperation and coordination with other instruments, frameworks, and bodies is envisaged, and could practically play out with the ISA, particularly in light of its ‘not undermine’ obligation. It suggests improvements to the ISA ABMT processes, based on the standards and procedures set by the BBNJ Agreement.
Fragility and Eccentricity: the Mortal and Glorified Body in Philippians 3:21
Authors: Hagerman Justin M.
Published: September 2024

Recent Pauline scholarship has shown increasing interest in the concepts of agency, body, personhood, and self. Situating itself within an emerging current of Pauline interpretation of the σῶμα, this article provides an analysis of Paul’s language concerning the σῶμα in Philippians 3:21. In the first part, we focus on Paul’s description of the body as τῆς ταπεινώσεως, “of humiliation.” It is argued that Paul conceives of the body in terms of its mortality, owing to its tendency towards death, as well as its monstrosity, a characteristic that illuminates how Paul reframes the perception of the body. In the second part, we analyze Paul’s description of Christ’s body as τῆς δόξης, “of glory.” It is argued that the glorification of Christ’s body emerges as a function of heavenly existence in God’s presence. In our third part, we use the results from our preceding analyses of the language in Philippians 3:21 in order to construct a conceptual framework for interpreting the σῶμα in Paul from new interpretive angles. It is proposed that the concepts of fragility and eccentricity will shine more light on Paul’s conception of the body, which has a twofold character as both fragile and eccentric.
Theorizing Divine Generation: Reading James 1:16–18 with the Middle Platonists
Authors: Glover Daniel B.
Published: September 2024

James 1:16–18 presents a theory of divine generation, which has been interpreted variously. Most commonly, this passage is taken as a reference to Christian conversion, God’s creation of the cosmos, or the creation/election of Israel. While each of these readings is possible, none accounts for all the evidence. By contrast, placing James’s theory of divine generation into conversation with Middle Platonists on the same topic yields some fruitful parallels, both in its theory and significance. This comparison suggests that interpreting James 1:16–18 should produce a synthesis of previous interpretation. James here emphasizes God’s on-going procreative act as the generation of new, divinely-originated creatures of virtue, oriented towards obedience of God’s law.
Emotions in/out of Place: Sentiment, Performance and the Magic Lantern in Belgian Colonial Charity Campaigns
Authors: Van Hassel Marte , Vanhaesebrouck Karel , Wynants Nele
Published: September 2024

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the magic lantern emerged as a prominent tool for colonial propaganda, notably for missionaries seeking support. This essay examines the propaganda efforts of the Belgian Scheut Missionaries, focusing on Jozef Napoleon Flameygh (1888–1969), a West Flemish priest deeply involved in these campaigns. By analysing Flameygh’s lantern lectures, personal correspondence and archival materials, this study uncovers the complex interplay of emotions and identity in missionary discourse. Through a microhistorical lens, these sources elucidate the role of the magic lantern in colonial propaganda and missionary self-fashioning, revealing Flameygh’s public and private personas. Despite projecting heroism in public, Flameygh’s private writings expose sentiments of fragility and vulnerability, highlighting the multifaceted nature of missionary identity and the performative dimensions of colonial discourse in constructing emotional communities.
Manufactured Goods on Display: Japanese Woodblock Prints at the National Industrial Exhibitions of 1877 and 1881
Authors: Terryn Freya
Published: September 2024

This article examines the presence of Japanese woodblock prints within the context of state-sponsored exhibitions during the Meiji era (1868–1912). Although the Meiji government organized five National Industrial Exhibitions at irregular intervals, woodblock prints were exclusively showcased at those organized in 1877 and 1881. This article identifies the woodblock prints wherever possible, and addresses questions relating to their role in advancing (Western) exhibition culture, the emergence of modern education, and the growing concern over the impact of popular prints on the future and the reputation of Japanese fine and decorative art.
The Notable Japanese Collections Dashboard Project: Unexpected Treasures and Opportunities for Collaboration
Authors: Davis Ann Marie L. , Matsuura Katherine , Sugiyama Yukari
Published: September 2024

The Notable Japanese Collections in North America (NJC) is a digital collection discovery initiative and tool that identifies and promotes distinctive Japanese Studies collections in North America. Now entering its third year, this online database has amassed 250 print and digital collections sourced from college and research libraries and other cultural heritage institutions across the continent. Although far from complete, it already provides the most extensive list of print and digitized collections in the United States and Canada. This essay delves into the inception, collaborative journey, and long-term objectives of the NJC and culminates by spotlighting some of the fascinating holdings of its various repositories, spanning premodern to modern and contemporary periods.
Farming Mountains and Herding Sheep: A Study of the Peasant Economy in the Northern Section of the Lüliang Mountains in Modern Times
Authors: Hu Yingze , Wang Ruixin
Published: September 2024

The peasant economy has been a focal point of academic interest, with existing research primarily concentrated on the plains, leaving mountainous areas less explored. Different ecological environments have shaped distinct forms of peasant economies. The Lüliang Mountains, as a typical agrarian-pastoral mixed zone, has typological significance among peasant economic formations in that it is characterized by extensive cultivation with meager yields and an integration of agriculture and animal husbandry. In modern times, peasants have cultivated vast mountainous lands, planted a variety of cash crops, and established close ties with the market. Reliance on pastoral activities has supplemented the family economy, leading to a rational and efficient division of labor within households. This division manifests horizontally and vertically with younger members herding and older members either tending the fields or working in sidelines, thereby achieving a balanced distribution of labor and resilient family survival. Behind the seeming uniformity of the peasant economy, regional specificity remains hidden and awaits exploration. The particularities of regional ecological environments and the production factors of the peasant economy are crucial areas for research.
Between Public and Private: A Study of the Rural Fertilization System during the Collectivization Period (1949–1963) – With a Focus on Shanxi Province
Authors: Zhao Zezhong
Published: September 2024

Manure is a critical productive resource for agricultural development. With the advancement of the collectivization movement, household manure accumulation became a key source of fertilizer for collective agricultural operations. However, the process of farmers contributing fertilizer to the collective faced setbacks due to factors such as unreasonable compensation. In response, various localities gradually developed fertilization systems centered around tasks, compensation, and rewards and penalties. The essence of these systems was an economic balance between collective fertilizer use and increased farmer income, generally characterized by considerations for both public and private interests, but prioritizing the public over the private. In the dynamic restructuring of the relationship between labor input and income distribution, political norms and economic measures adjusted to one another. The economic rationality of the peasants interacted with the “egalitarianism” culture in rural areas, reflecting the complex interplay between public and private interests during the collectivization period in rural society.
Women as Alternates: A Study on the Mechanism of Village Official Replacement in the Context of Rural Revitalization – A Case Study of Village J in Southeastern Hubei
Authors: Deng Wenping
Published: September 2024

The trend of left-behind women serving as village officials and participating in village governance is on the rise. Research in clan-based villages in the general agricultural regions of central and western China reveals that village factional conflicts make it difficult for elderly male village officials to win in village committee elections. Additionally, the emphasis on younger village officials by local governments forces these older men out of their roles. The economic resources available through village governance are limited and fail to meet the material needs of middle-aged and young male village officials, leading to their withdrawal as well. With the departure of men, left-behind women have become significant candidates for village official positions. Because of the increasing “administratization” 行政化 of village governance, village organizations need to mobilize these women to handle the growing administrative tasks in village management. Serving as village officials allows left-behind women to both care for their children and earn a decent income, while fulfilling the local government’s requirements for village officials. Consequently, through a series of training mechanisms, an increasing number of women are becoming the principal cadres within village committees.
Revisiting the Treaty between Spain and Sulu of 1836/37
Authors: Tremml-Werner Birgit , Poggio Eleonora , Lopez Ariel
Published: September 2024

This essay focuses on the Sulu-Mindanao-Borneo region in the 1830s and zooms in on the Capitulaciones (Spanish) and the Kapiturasyun (Tausug) of a treaty concluded between the Spanish Crown and the Sultanate of Sulu of 1836/37. It compares the different versions of the treaty texts from the perspective of a system of treaties across the region. Uneven historiographical attention has led to myth-building and a controversy over whether the treaty would have established Spanish sovereignty over the Sulu sultanate. To add nuance to this claim, the study examines the specificities of the treaties together with a large set of complementary sources. A deep, comparative reading sheds light on the motivations, and strategies that accompanied the entire process of planning, negotiating, and ratifying of the treaty and the consequences it had both for directly and indirectly participating parties.
Treaty-Making Projects and the Rise of the Everyday Treaty
Authors: Keene Edward
Published: September 2024

States today are typically enmeshed in dense networks of numerous treaties that define their obligations toward one another, but this was not always the case. This originated in the nineteenth century, when the frequency of treaty-making increased dramatically. I call this the rise of the “everyday” treaty, and present a new empirical historical analysis of how it came about. Rather than a general “turn to treaties,” during the middle decades of the nineteenth century (from 1820 to 1860), the intensification of treaty-making was largely due to the activities of a small group of five or six actors, who pursued “treaty-making projects” to control international relations on a particular issue or in a geographical region. The essay suggests that this shows the importance of treaties as a flexible and instrumental tool for statecraft, and identifies some key areas for further research on the topic.
Helichrysum emodi (Gnaphalieae: Asteraceae), a new species from the Indian Himalaya
Authors: SINGH SUNIT , MEHTA J.P. , KUMAR ANANT
Published: September 2024

Helichrysum emodi (Gnaphalieae: Asteraceae) is described as new to science from Madhmaheshwar valley of Uttarakhand, India. Morphologically it resembles H. cutchicum and H. kashgaricum, but differs from these two species in having broad, sub-cordate to semi-amplexicaule leaf base with obtuse apex, shape of phyllaries, and absence of female florets, respectively. A detailed morphological description and illustration of H. emodi, together with pollen and habitat photographs and a key to the species of Helichrysum occurring in India are provided for the species identification.
A new species of Hypericum section Olympia (Hypericaceae) from Central Greece
Authors: ZOGRAFIDIS ARIS , CHEMINAL ALEXIAN , DIMOPOULOS PANAYOTIS
Published: September 2024

Hypericum intricatum, discovered in an ophiolitic area near the city of Domokos, Central Greece, is here described and illustrated as a species new to science. It belongs to section Olympia, as indicated by nuclear ribosomal ITS phylogeny, congruent with several but not all key morphological characters of this taxon. The sole known population of the new species is critically small and restricted to a floristically noteworthy spot accompanied by other rare and threatened serpentine-specialist species.
The Relationship between Extreme Precipitation and Damaging Floods in the Northeastern United States
Authors: Teale Natalie , Winter Jonathan M.
Published: September 2024

The northeastern United States has experienced an increase in extreme precipitation over the last three decades, which has substantial implications for flooding. However, the relationship between extreme precipitation and societally relevant flooding in the Northeast is not well understood. Here, we investigate the association between precipitation, antecedent wetness, and damage-producing warm-season (June–November) flood reports in the Northeast, 1996–2020. We employ 4-km gridded daily precipitation data aggregated to the county scale to calculate 1- and 3-day precipitation and a standardized precipitation index at multiple time scales. From these, we determine extreme precipitation and extreme antecedent wetness thresholds to identify hydroclimatic extreme events and relate them to damaging flood occurrences from the NOAA Storm Events Database. We find that damaging floods frequently occur with relatively high precipitation and antecedent wetness, although there are exceptions in several counties. However, the majority (54%) of damaging floods are not associated with extreme precipitation or extreme antecedent wetness, and more than 90% of hydroclimatic extreme events are not associated with floods. We explore limitations to the definitions of extreme precipitation and extreme antecedent wetness by varying the threshold. Lower hydroclimatic extreme event thresholds not only have a greater likelihood of being associated with damaging floods but also have a greater number of hydroclimatic extreme events not associated with a damaging flood; the opposite holds for higher thresholds. We address these challenges by combining precipitation and antecedent wetness to identify coordinated thresholds that best capture damaging flooding in each county.
Evaluation of Preventive Information Using Alternative Protocol: Interactive Play
Authors: Duché Sarah , Grancher Delphine , Beck Élise , Chionne David , André-Poyaud Isabelle , Robinet Nicolas
Published: September 2024

To better understand individuals’ behavior in the face of a natural disaster and to evaluate the preventive information provided by French local authorities, the theatrical performance “Safe and Sound?” (“Sain et Sauf?”) and its accompanying debriefing session were tested in six French Alps municipalities in 2019 and 2020 during several 2-day sessions in collaboration with local authorities. A total of 200 people took part in this theatrical performance and interviews. The Safe and Sound? scheme is based on a 15-min play, followed by the collection of data from watching the play and debriefing with an interviewer for about 30 min. Two scenarios on flood risks and seismic risks were narrated by an actor introducing a dilemma. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed to determine the level and sources of knowledge about the two natural hazards and the behavior during a simulation with an actor. Most participants immediately headed to safety only to later put themselves in danger when confronted with an insistent neighbor and the introduction of emotion-provoking characters, i.e., children. When making their choice at each stimulus, participants evoke different sources of reason. A little under half of the participants mention common sense or instinct. Although the majority of participants claim they received preventive information from local authorities, this information is rarely applied. The media and own experience were mentioned more often. Last, the Safe and Sound? campaign was designed to assess behavior, but findings show that it was also useful to raise awareness among the population.

Significance Statement

The purpose of the study is to propose a system for evaluating preventive information for French communes and to see how this information is mobilized in a context close to reality during severe natural phenomena. The results of our theatrical performance and debriefing highlight the affective/emotional process that involved third parties and a dilemma. Despite knowledge of how to behave in the event of an earthquake or flood, some people choose to behave in ways that are not recommended. It is therefore important to emphasize these endangerment situations in risk communication.
Does Criminal Versatility Predict Recidivism? Results from Cox Proportional-Hazards and Binomial Logistic Regression Analyses
Authors: Walters Glenn D.
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine whether criminal versatility predicts future recidivism. A Cox proportional-hazards survival analysis of 1,101 male inmates showed that criminal versatility predicted recidivism after controlling for age, race, education, violent instant offense, sentence length, prior substance abuse, general criminal thinking, age at first conviction, and number of prior convictions. A hazard ratio of 1.09 revealed that a one-point increase on an 11-point criminal versatility scale predicted a 9% increase in the probability of future recidivism. These results were confirmed in a binomial logistic regression controlling for time at risk in the community. This is one of the first studies to highlight the clinical significance of criminal versatility in establishing risk for future offending.
The Role of International Reserves to Synthesise Trinity Debate: A Quadrilemma Analysis
Authors: Kaur Ramandeep
Published: September 2024

In this research article, an attempt has been made to understand the impact of international reserve hoardings of India on the trinity choices of Indian economy. The Johansen cointegration technique is applied in the quadrilemma analysis to know the impact of international reserves on trinity choices of India for 1980–2020. It has been found that international reserves are helping in improving the trinity choices of India in the form of quadrilemma by entering as the fourth dimension. However, when reserves work as the interaction variable with all three trinity variables, they invalidate the international trinity hypothesis.

JEL Codes: E60, C01, E69
Fuzzy adaptive finite-time formation control of unmanned ground vehicles with performance and feasibility constraints
Authors: Zhang Lin , Li Kewen , Li Yongming
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the problem of fuzzy adaptive finite-time formation tracking control for unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) systems with two different constraints. By utilizing the distance tracking error between the actual trajectory and the desired trajectory of each UGV, as well as the constraints of bearing angle, to achieve the performance and feasibility constraints, respectively. Furthermore, the fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) are used to approximate unknown nonlinear functions. Due to the limitations of the field of view and communication distance of UGVs, the controller is designed by using finite time stability theory and universal barrier function. Under the proposed control scheme, the stability of the closed-loop system can be ensured, feasibility and performance constraints are also achieved. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control design is verified through simulation results.
The smart camp as classroom: Control, education, and agency in Muslim internment in Northwest China
Authors: Byler Darren
Published: September 2024

This article considers how technology and the Chinese models of camp governance affect camp detainee agency in contemporary Xinjiang, China. It shows how the models of camp governance used to control Uyghurs and other Muslim peoples emerge from the history of the Maoist education system in China. It also considers how this education model of governance is met by a new control model of automated surveillance. Drawing on repeated and ongoing interviews with former detainees as well as police documents, this article examines how detainees themselves are ranked in the order of the cell, and the digital, aural, and textual content of camp instruction. Ultimately, the article argues that a camp governance model of coercive education does offer detainees some partial forms of autonomy. Paradoxically, in part because of the contradiction between the two governance models, human agency is not fully lost in the midst of intense forms of detainee trauma.
Mechanical and tribological properties of nanoceramic reinforced aluminium-based nanocomposites for engineering applications, challenges and recommendations for future improvement: A review
Authors: Ogbonna Victor Ekene , Popoola Patricia , Popoola Olawale
Published: September 2024

Aluminium (Al) and Al-based alloys known as lightweight, good corrosion resistance, and low-cost materials are found used for a range of engineering applications including those in automobile, aircraft, power systems, marine, defence, and among others. Although, notwithstanding these intrinsic features of Al and its alloys, their wide application is constrained due to certain properties, for example, dendrite separation, intense wear rate over a period, and mechanical degradation under severe impact and harsh environment. Nonetheless, as studies established that nanocomposites depict a promising solution to overcome the limitations of Al, Al-based alloy and their micro composites. The current review aims to discuss the influence of nanoceramic fillers on the mechanical and tribological characteristics of Al and Al alloy-based composites prepared via melting and powder metallurgy routes. With the available literature, the mechanical and wear resistance properties of Al and Al alloys matrix were observed to be improved by different nanoceramic fillers addition. Though, their mechanical behaviour at a certain point undergoes degradation due to particles agglomeration and porosity. Again, issues like brittleness reportedly affect the superior properties’ improvement of Al-based nanocomposites. Thus, as particles agglomeration, porosity, and brittleness are the main drawbacks associated with the development and characterization of Al-based nanocomposites, the authors concluded the study with challenges and recommendations for future improvement. Hence, the study will pave the way for future research opportunities and sustainable development of Al nanocomposites.
Death Anxiety: An Exploration of Professional Counselor Experiences
Authors: Kaus Kaitlyn , Coursol Diane , Suomala Folkerds Aaron
Published: September 2024

This quantitative research study guided by Terror Management Theory (TMT) provides a theoretical framework to understand death anxiety among practicing counselors while providing support for implementing death education into counseling graduate programs. The total sample comprised 97 total practicing counselors and current counseling students who were recruited from online platforms consisting of professional memberships, listservs, private practice, and Facebook groups. This study explored the level of death anxiety in counselors (measured by the Death Anxiety Scale-Extended (DAS-E; Templer et al., 2006) and examined the relationships between religious and/or spiritual affiliation, death education exposure, and years of practice (measured by a demographic questionnaire) through an online survey that measured counselor’s religious and/or spiritual affiliation, death education exposure, years of practice in the field, and their self-reported levels of death anxiety. A Pearson correlation indicated that religious and/or spiritual affiliation and death education were significantly positively associated with years of practice in the counseling field. A regression analysis revealed that death education significantly predicted death anxiety levels. The results of the study indicated that the more death education an individual had received the less likely they were to experience death anxiety. The findings of this study affirm the need for support of a death education curriculum and to encourage CACREP counseling graduate programs to promote knowledge and awareness around death in order to better prepare counseling master’s students to serve clients.
Beyond “Pressure”: Peer Influences on e-Cigarette Use in Young Australian Narratives of Vaping
Authors: Wynn L.L. , Barron Chloe , Lea Tess
Published: September 2024

Background

In the early 2020s, Australian media and public health organizations described the rapid rise in youth e-cigarette uptake, portraying this as a “peer pressure” problem wherein vulnerable young people were being led or bullied into vaping by the “cool” kids. Yet, the peer pressure framing of vaping fails to account for young people's rituals of nicotine consumption and ways social drug economies are organized.

Methods

In 2023, we conducted qualitative interviews and ethnographic research with 24 young people ages 17 to 25, both vapers and nonvapers, in New South Wales, Australia. We investigated their embodied experiences of vaping, observations of peers’ vaping practices, and beliefs about vaping policy. We analyzed their accounts for themes and here report our findings, illustrated with participants’ quotes and an ethnographic portrait of a Sydney high school vape seller.

Results

The notion that young people are “pressured” into vaping lacked emic meaning for our participants. Their accounts reveal three ways that vaping is social beyond “pressure.” First, social vape market offers entrepreneurial teens money-earning opportunities, mediated by social networks and markers of peer esteem, prestige, and trust. Second, vapes are exchanged as both gifts and commodities in sharing economies, offering social opportunities and scripts for recreational interactions. Third, e-cigarettes as material objects provide esthetic and gustatory pleasures that are both individually enjoyed and socially performed in rituals of taste and display.

Discussion

These three perspectives on the sociality of vaping help nuance our understanding of how and why young people vape, and also suggest why public health outreach efforts may not be effective when they reduce youth vaping uptake to peer pressure. As youth vape use is on the rise in Australia, these perspectives matter for understanding this important social phenomenon and may help policy development move beyond simplifications of youth cultural motivations.
An active disturbance rejection stair-like generalized predictive control with time delay weakening for denitrification process in thermal power unit
Authors: Ai Wei , Zhang Tong , Li Xiangyang , Wang Yang , Huang Weijian , Pan Fengping
Published: September 2024

The optimization control of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitrification system holds significant importance in the production of the power generation industry. This paper presents an active disturbance rejection stair-like generalized predictive control with time delay weakening (WADRC-SGPC) to enhance the control performance in SCR denitrification system. Compared with classical generalized predictive control (GPC), active disturbance rejection generalized predictive control (ADRC-GPC) combines the advantages of ADRC, uses Extended State Observer (ESO) to compensate the uncertainty of the system, and regards the compensated system as a series integrator. Therefore, it has the advantages of no system identification and online calculation of Diophantine equation. In addition, a time delay weakening link is incorporated for the known part of the system model, which effectively improves the performance of the controller. The parameter selection issue of the weight function in time delay weakening is addressed using a hybrid strategy whale optimization algorithm. Finally, the superior performance of the proposed control strategy in terms of set-point tracking and disturbance rejection is verified through simulation experiments.
Open-Roof Deformity: How to Avoid, How to Cure?
Authors: Damanhouri Basem , Bayar Muluk Nuray , Cingi Cemal
Published: September 2024

Objectives: Of all the face surgeries, rhinoplasty is known to be the most difficult. The aim of this paper is to review open-roof deformity. Methods: PubMed, EBSCO, UpToDate, Proquest Central at Kırıkkale University, and Google and Google Scholar were used in the literature review. The search was performed with the keywords “open roof deformity,” “rhinoplasty,” “fillers” between 2024 and 1980. Results: Rhinoplasty is a surgery that requires a combination of art and science, unlike other procedures that may have challenging anatomic access, requiring an excessive amount of physical strength, or a long operating period that causes surgeon fatigue. It is common for people undergoing primary rhinoplasty to have their hump removed, which can lead to open-roof deformity. Lateral osteotomies and the use of grafts are crucial in the prevention of open-roof abnormalities. It is common practice to perform lateral osteotomies to seal this space. However, lateral osteotomy becomes tricky when the patient’s bony vault is small. Another well-known option is to shape and replace the hump or to use a spreader graft, flap, sliced cartilage, or some combination of these. HA filler can also be administered to achieve the same effect as a spreader graft. Along the length of the dorsum on both sides, HA is injected retrogradely. Conclusion: If there are dorsal irregularities after surgery or if there is a need to fix the look of nasal bridge, this therapy can help.
“What is your digital identity?” Unpacking users’ understandings of an evolving concept in datafied societies
Authors: Rowland Jussara , Estevens João
Published: September 2024

Digital identity has become a central concept in understanding how people’s online presence is shaped and made sense of. Although extensively studied, the prevailing focus has been on how online identities are shaped by digital platforms or how users curate and perform these identities. How users perceive and assess this concept, however, has received comparatively less attention. In this article, we take a qualitative, user-centric approach to the meaning of digital identity, drawing on insights from 17 online focus group discussions involving 86 participants in Portugal. We identify three distinctive understandings – digital identification, self-presentation, and the datafied self – each corresponding to specific facets of users’ online experiences. Our findings underscore the multidimensionality of digital identity, highlighting its dynamic nature and potential for ongoing reinterpretation. This work contributes to the existing literature by highlighting how the concept’s ever-expanding complexity relates to people’s sensemaking practices about identity, agency, and digital platforms in datafied societies.
Documenting the ephemeral: An ontology for the performing arts
Authors: Mitsopoulou Evie , Kyprianos Konstantinos , Brattis Pantelis
Published: September 2024

The performing arts domain, addressing the ephemeral nature of its main study subject, the performance, calls upon Digital Humanities’ techniques to document, record and analyse the performative event, thus offering a new perspective to research and education. In this context, many digital projects have been completed, including digitising art archives, creating databases of art productions and developing metadata schemas and conceptual models. The study of these efforts revealed a need for a universal and comprehensive way of documenting performance. This article, which benefitted from the experience gained thus far in the performing arts in the digital world, attempts to unify the domain’s acquired knowledge and organise it in an ontology. While the overall success of such a project proved to be greater than the scope of this research, we propose a core ontology for the performing arts, which has the potential to evolve in the future.
Who Approves of Gossip, Ostracism, and Confrontation Following Norm Violations? A Cross-Cultural Test of Gender Stereotypes
Authors: Simpson Brent , Hazin Isabela , Eriksson Kimmo
Published: September 2024

Existing research and popular culture suggest that women are more approving of gossip. But are they? This research note uses two studies to ask whether gender stereotypes about gossip and other key responses to norm violations are wrong. The first study (N = 133) confirms that people stereotype women as more approving of gossip and that they hold gender stereotypes about other key responses to those who violate social norms, namely, ostracism and direct confrontation of norm violators. We then assess the accuracy of these stereotypes using a unique data set of 17,268 participants from 57 societies. In contrast to the stereotypes, these cross-cultural data show that men are more approving of gossip and ostracism in response to norm violations, and this holds across most societies. We also do not find any evidence for the stereotype that men are more approving of direct confrontation of norm violators.
Can a ‘structural competency’ approach improve the safeguarding of diverse marginalised communities from exploitation?
Authors: Khazbak Rana , Gardner Alison , Burcu Oana , Gray Charlotte
Published: September 2024

This article examines if a ‘structural competency’ approach can help with understanding and addressing deficiencies in identifying potential exploitation victims among marginalised communities. Through a case study of multi-agency work within a unitary English local authority area, it explores how safeguarding and anti-modern slavery systems recognise exploitation cases among Roma communities. The concept of ‘structural competency’ illustrates how culture and structure can jointly create stigmatisation and inequities in safeguarding. We argue that ‘structural competency’ highlights structural inequities and institutional discrimination in anti-exploitation and safeguarding practices, in contrast to the commonly adopted approach of ‘cultural competence,’ which can exacerbate the othering and risk of exploitation for marginalised communities.
Peculiarities of interface structures in AISI M2 high-speed steel in relation to carbide phases
Authors: Chaus Alexander S. , Kryshtal Aleksandr P. , Gruszczyński Adam
Published: September 2024

It was experimentally proved that the decohesion of carbides with the matrix facilitates plastic deformation of the AISI M2 high-speed steel during fracture and intensifies surface wear of the cutting tool manufactured of this steel. Using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, the interfaces between the tempered matrix and M6C and MC carbides in the AISI M2 high-speed steel were investigated in detail down to the atomic scale for the first time. It was shown that M6C/matrix interface exhibited only the incoherent interface, while MC/matrix interfaces were predominantly partially coherent. That predicts better cohesion of MC carbide with the matrix, which can be used to provide tailored microstructure and hence improved properties of the steel. Additionally, new insights are provided into the iron-chromium carbide (identified as Fe14Cr2C) nucleation on MC heterogeneous nuclei sites on the atomic scale.
A surge of interest: Analysing the increased public interest in lipedema using google trends
Authors: Erden Yakup , Temel Mustafa Hüseyin , Bağcıer Fatih
Published: September 2024

Aim

This study aimed to monitor public interest in information related to Lipedema and examine potential temporal, seasonal, and income-related trends that may impact public interest.

Material – Methods

A dataset was created using the Google Trends tool by inputting the keyword “Lipedema” to obtain the relative search volume (RSV) from 2004 to the present in the United States (US). To examine potential income-related disparities in public interest in Lipedema across the US, RSV values were recorded in the five states with the highest and the lowest median income (Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Utah, and Washington and Mississippi, West Virginia, Arkansas, New Mexico, Kentucky, respectively).

Results

Public interest in Lipedema increased significantly over time (R2 = 0.693, p < .001 for the linear trend; R2 = 0.880, p < .001 for the quadratic trend). There were no significant differences between the RSV values between the month of the year and the season of the year ( p = 1.000 and p = .859, respectively). RSV values of the five highest-income and low-income states showed significant increases (R2 = 0.333, p < .001, and R2 = 0.195, p < .001, respectively) More rapid growth in interest in Lipedema in states with high income compared to the states with low income ( p < .001).

Conclusion

Public interest in Lipedema is increasing in both high-income and low-income states. States with higher incomes are more interested. Searches for lipedema are expected to become more frequent, leading to a rising demand for comprehensive education in medical schools and clinician training programs. In addition, there will also be a need for easily accessible, high-quality information resources.
First registry of patients treated with foam sclerotherapy using a new automated microfoam preparation device (2021-2022)
Authors: Roche Enric , Marqués Cristina
Published: September 2024

Objectives: To present results for the use of an automated microfoam preparation system (AMPS) in the treatment of varicose veins in a real-world setting.

Method: We performed a descriptive study based on a prospective database of patients treated with foam sclerotherapy between February 2021 and December 2022. Polidocanol foam was prepared using a capsule containing sterile air or a low-nitrogen mix. We recorded volume per session, percentage of sclerosing drug, number of sessions, release of thrombus entrapment, complications, and adverse events. A univariate descriptive analysis was performed using Stata V.16.

Results: Over a 23-month period, 185 patients (84.9% women, 15.1% men) underwent 685 sessions. Median age was 51.6 years (range, 16-79 years). Thread veins were the condition treated in 68.9% of sessions, tributaries in 7.2%, and truncal veins in 22.6%. The average volume per session was as follows: thread veins, 8 mL; great saphenous vein (GSV), 6.9 mL; and small saphenous vein (SSV), 4.3 mL. The average drug concentration was as follows: thread veins, 0.18%; GSV, 1.49%; and SSV, 1.63%. The average number of sessions was 3.4 for thread veins, 2 for tributaries, 2.7 for the GSV, and 2.9 for the SSV. The occlusion rate at 15 months was 93.2% (41/43) for the great saphenous vein and 86% (13/15) for the small saphenous vein. We recorded a total of 21 complications (3.1% of sessions), 14 of which were minor complications (2% sessions), and 7 moderate adverse events (1% of sessions).

Conclusions: This new device is highly versatile and can be used for preparing foam at all concentrations. It contributes to a high rate of occlusion in saphenous trunks, with a minimal number of sessions required for thread veins indicating that the system is a favorable option in the treatment of venous diseases. Additionally, the low frequency of residual pigmentation may be attributed to the system’s ability to tailor the foam concentration to the individual case, thus supporting optimal outcomes.
The impact of delays in transfer to specialist rehabilitation on outcomes in patients with acquired brain injury
Authors: Bradley Lloyd , Wheelwright Sally
Published: September 2024

Objective

To determine the effect of time waiting for admission to inpatient neurorehabilitation following acquired brain injury on rehabilitation outcomes.

Design

A retrospective observational case series.

Setting

A specialist brain injury inpatient rehabilitation service.

Subjects

Consecutive 235 admissions to specialist brain injury rehabilitation following acutely-acquired brain injury between 2019 and 2022.

Main Measures

Waiting time from the point of injury to admission, diagnostic category, admission complexity (patient categorisation tool), functional status (functional independence measure/functional attainment measure), care needs (Northwick Park Care Needs Assessment), change in functional status and care needs over duration of admission (efficiency). Subgroup analysis was performed for patients with a tracheostomy, enteral feeding, anticonvulsant treatment and prior neurosurgery.

Results

There was no relationship between admission wait and initial complexity ( rs = 0.006; p = 0.923), functional status ( rs = −0.070; p = 0.284) or care needs ( rs = 0.019; p = 0.768). Longer waiting times were significantly associated with reduced efficiency of rehabilitation ( rs = −0.240; p = 0.0002) and change of care needs ( rs = −0.246; p = 0.0001). Longer waits were associated with reduced rehabilitation efficiency for patients prescribed anticonvulsants ( n = 115; rs = −0.243; p = 0.009), with a tracheostomy ( n = 46; rs = −0.362; p = 0.013), requiring enteral nutrition ( n = 137; rs = −0.237; p = 0.005) or having had intracranial surgery ( n = 97; rs = −0.344; p = 0.0006). There was a negative association between waiting times and reduction in care needs for patients admitted on anticonvulsants ( rs = −0.319; p = 0.0005) and requiring enteral nutrition ( rs = −0.269; p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Longer wait for transfer to rehabilitation following brain injury is associated with reduced improvement in functional status and care needs over time. Attention should be given to ensuring rapid transfer into inpatient rehabilitation services.
The ideal path to a good death: An international meta-synthesis of rural residents’ perspectives
Authors: Wang Huan , Cheng Meijing , Zhang Ziqing , He Xiaoyu , Hu Lei , Yang Dan , Gong Ni
Published: September 2024

Background:

Rural areas frequently encounter restricted access to healthcare and end-of-life services. Given current pressing realities, understanding their unique perspectives on what constitutes a good death is essential. Existing research has largely overlooked the voices of rural residents.

Aim:

To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of rural residents’ expectations regarding a good death.

Design:

A meta-synthesis. By exploring the logic within relevant content, the stages of the life course serve as the framework for integration.

Data sources:

PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO (EBSCO), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, and China Biology Medicine disc (CBM) were systematically searched from their inception to May 2023.

Result:

Of the 1100 articles retrieved, 8 studies were included. This paper outlines “the path to a rural good death”: (1) When death is perceived as distant: acknowledge its inevitability while striving to achieve a successful and complete life journey. (2) As death approaches: maintain composure and have the capacity and support to face it. (3) When death truly arrives: depart in an envisioned scenario. (4) What’s left behind: be properly arranged.

Conclusion:

The essential characteristics of a rural good death align with previous interpretations. However, distinct aspects emerge: communities play a significant role, characterized by reciprocal relationships; the role of medicine is less emphasized; and “rurality” deeply shapes residents’ expectations of a good death. The pathway to a good death presented in this article is aspirational, requiring collaborative efforts to make it a tangible reality.